bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In utero exposure to ritodrine during pregnancy and risk of autism in their offspring until 8 years of age
Authors: Chae Jungsoo , Cho Geum Joon , Oh Min-Jeong , Park KeonVin , Han Sung Won , Choi Suk-Joo , Oh Soo-young , Roh Cheong-Rae 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBeta-2 adrenergic receptor (B2AR) agonists, used as asthma treatments and tocolytics during pregnancy, have recently been reported to be associated with autism in their offspring. However, the particular link between autism and ritodrine, a common type of B2AR agonist used solely as tocolytics, has never been substantiated with any nationwide database. Thus, we aimed to examine the association between in utero exposure of ritodrine and the risk of autism in their offspring using a national database. This population-based cohort study was conducted by merging the Korea National Health Insurance claims database and National Health Screening Program for Infants and Children database. These databases included all women who had delivered singleton between January 2007 and December 2008 in Korea. Out of the total 770,016 mothers, 30,959 (4.02%) were exposed to ritodrine during pregnancy, and 5583 (0.73%) of their children were identified as having autism, defined until 8 years of age. According to our analysis, the overall cumulative incidence of autism up to 8 years was 1.37% in ritodrine exposure group and 0.70% in ritodrine non-exposure group (p < 0.05, log-rank test). By Cox proportional hazard analysis, use of ritodrine in preterm birth was associated with significantly higher hazard of autism [adjusted hazard ratio: 1.23, 95% CI 1.04–1.47], after adjusting for confounding variables including maternal age, parity, cesarean section, preterm labor, steroid use, birth weight, gender, and preeclampsia. Thus, in utero exposure to ritodrine was associated with an increased risk of autism in their offspring.
Two-dimensional spreading properties and sealing characteristics of fluorocarbon surfactants on several typical hydrocarbon fuels
Authors: Jia Xuhong , Luo Yuzhen , Huang Rui , Zhu Xinhua , Zhang Yuqiang , Liu Quanyi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA new method for studying the two-dimensional spreading properties and sealing characteristics of surfactant solution on oil surface was provided. The actual spreading situation of the C4-Br/oil systems in axisymmetric geometry was observed directly using HD camera for the first time and the results showed that the aqueous film expanded outwards in a circle with the guiding device as the center. Meanwhile, the relation between spreading radius and time was investigated and evaluated using the model for surface-tension-viscous regime. The root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) values obtained from the correlation for all of the systems we studied below 1.64, indicating a good agreement between the experimental and theoretical values. The results of sealing experiments showed that the aqueous film could absolutely seal the oil surface for 27–65 s and the sealing effect would be lost after 216–742 s for different systems. The stronger the volatility was, the shorter the sealing time was. Additionally, the volume percentage of oil vapor with film was always lower than that without film even when the evaporation was saturated. These findings were of great significance to guide the preparation of efficient AFFF.
Continuous borehole optical televiewing reveals variable englacial debris concentrations at Khumbu Glacier, Nepal
Authors: Miles Katie E. , Hubbard Bryn , Miles Evan S. , Quincey Duncan J. , Rowan Ann V. , Kirkbride Martin , Hornsey Josephine 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSurface melting of High Mountain Asian debris-covered glaciers shapes the seasonal water supply to millions of people. This melt is strongly influenced by the spatially variable thickness of the supraglacial debris layer, which is itself partially controlled by englacial debris concentration and melt-out. Here, we present measurements of deep englacial debris concentrations from debris-covered Khumbu Glacier, Nepal, based on four borehole optical televiewer logs, each up to 150 m long. The mean borehole englacial debris content is ≤ 0.7% by volume in the glacier’s mid-to-upper ablation area, and increases to 6.4% by volume near the terminus. These concentrations are higher than those reported for other valley glaciers, although those measurements relate to discrete samples while our approach yields a continuous depth profile. The vertical distribution of englacial debris increases with depth, but is also highly variable, which will complicate predictions of future rates of surface melt and debris exhumation at such glaciers.
Construction of fully substituted carbon centers containing a heteroatom and a CF3 group via in situ generated p-quinone methides
Authors: Terashima Kyu , Kawasaki-Takasuka Tomoko , Yamazaki Takashi 
Published: January 2021

Facile and practical construction of heteroatom as well as CF3-containing fully substituted carbon centers was realized by 1,6-conjugate additions of a variety of heteronucleophiles to in situ generated δ-CF3-δ-substituted p-quinone methides.
Sarcocystis camelicanis increases interleukin (IL)-6 expression in one-humped camels (Camelus dromedarius) from Riyadh and Al Qassim, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Metwally Dina M. , Al-Otaibi Tahani T. , Semlali Abdelhabib , Alajmi Reem A. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Sarcocystis spp. are intracellular protozoan parasites with an intermediate-definitive host life cycle based on a prey–predator relationship. Sarcocystis infection is common among different vertebrates including humans. The pathogenicity of Sarcocystis spp. is of varied significance including a possible lethal effect for the host. The goal of the present study was to investigate the inflammatory activity of Sarcocystis spp. in different organs of naturally infected camels. The tongue, esophagus, heart, diaphragm, and skeletal muscles were collected from 50 camels, and the tissues assessed for the presence of Sarcocystis spp. by macroscopic examination, light microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Moreover, expression of the interleukin (IL)-6 was analyzed using reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Microscopic Sarcocystis spp. cysts were found in camels. TEM identified the cysts as Sarcocystis camelicanis (S. camelicanis). Sarcocystis infection increased inflammation by stimulation of IL-6 expression in different organs of the camels, particularly in those from the Al-Qassim region.
Lamin B2 promotes the progression of triple negative breast cancer via mediating cell proliferation and apoptosis
Authors: Zhao Cui-Cui , Chen Jing , Zhang Li-Ying , Liu Hong , Zhang Chuan-Gui , Liu Yan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a more common type of breast cancer with high distant metastasis and poor prognosis. The potential role of lamins in cancer progression has been widely revealed. However, the function of lamin B2 (LMNB2) in TNBC progression is still unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the role of LMNB2 in TNBC. The cancer genome atlas (TCGA) database analysis and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were performed to examine LMNB2 expression levels. LMNB2 short hairpin RNA plasmid or lentivirus was used to deplete the expression of LMNB2 in human TNBC cell lines including MDA-MB-468 and MDA-MB-231. Alterations in cell proliferation and apoptosis in vitro and the nude mouse tumorigenicity assay in vivo were subsequently analyzed. The human TNBC tissues shown high expression of LMNB2 according to the bioinformation analysis and IHC assays. LMNB2 expression was correlated with the clinical pathological features of TNBC patients, including pTNM stage and lymph node metastasis. Through in vitro and in vivo assays, we confirmed LMNB2 depletion suppressed the proliferation and induced the apoptosis of TNBC cells, and inhibited tumor growth of TNBC cells in mice, with the decrease in Ki67 expression or the increase in caspase-3 expression. In conclusion, LMNB2 may promote TNBC progression and could serve as a potential therapeutic target for TNBC treatment.
Examining the Relationships Between Lingual Strength, Perihyoid Strength, and Swallowing Kinematics in Dysphagic Adults: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Analysis
Authors: Curtis James A. , Laus Joey , Schneider Sarah L. , Troche Michelle S. 
Published: January 2021

Purpose
The aim of this study was to examine the relationships of clinical measures of lingual and perihyoid strength with displacement swallowing kinematics and swallowing safety in a heterogenous group of dysphagic adults.

Method
A retrospective analysis was completed of videofluoroscopic swallow studies of consecutive dysphagic outpatient adults presenting to a tertiary swallowing center from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2017. Videofluoroscopic swallow study records were included if containing displacement swallowing kinematics of a 20-ml single liquid swallow and clinical measures of anterior (L-MIPA) or posterior (L-MIPP) lingual maximal isometric press, saliva mean swallowing pressures (S-MSP), and/or open mouth-maximal isometric press (OM-MIP). Regression analyses were used to examine the relationships between clinical measures of lingual (L-MIPA, L-MIPP, S-MSP) and perihyoid (OM-MIP) strength and displacement swallowing kinematics, and binomial logistic regressions were used to examine the relationships between clinical measures of lingual and perihyoid strength and swallowing safety (Penetration–Aspiration Scale [PAS]).

Results
Multivariate regressions revealed significant relationships of L-MIPA, L-MIPP, S-MSP, and OM-MIP with group-level changes to the displacement swallowing kinematics. Univariate analyses revealed significant relationships of L-MIPA and L-MIPP with pharyngeal constriction ratio, maximal extent of upper esophageal segment opening, and PAS.

Conclusions
Weak relationships were identified of clinical measures of lingual and perihyoid strength with displacement swallowing kinematics. These findings suggest that clinical measures of lingual and perihyoid strength do not fully explain impairments in swallowing kinematics across a heterogenous group of dysphagic patients. Weak-to-moderate relationships were identified between clinical measures of lingual strength and PAS, suggesting that they may have value in predicting functional measures of swallowing safety. Further research is needed to examine how findings may differ between specific patient populations.
Magnetic-buoyancy-induced mixing in AGB stars: a theoretical explanation of the non-universal relation of [Y/Mg] to age
Authors: Magrini L. , Vescovi D. , Casali G. , Cristallo S. , Viscasillas Vázquez C. , Cescutti G. , Spina L. , Van Der Swaelmen M. , Randich S. 
Published: January 2021

Context. Abundance ratios involving Y or other slow-neutron capture elements are routinely used to infer stellar ages.
Aims. We aim to explain the observed [Y/H] and [Y/Mg] abundance ratios of star clusters located in the inner disc with a new prescription for mixing in asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars.
Methods. In a Galactic chemical evolution model, we adopted a new set of AGB stellar yields in which magnetic mixing was included. We compared the results of the model with a sample of abundances and ages of open clusters located at different Galactocentric distances.
Results. The magnetic mixing causes a less efficient production of Y at high metallicity. A non-negligible fraction of stars with super-solar metallicity is produced in the inner disc, and their Y abundances are affected by the reduced yields. The results of the new AGB model qualitatively reproduce the observed trends for both [Y/H] and [Y/Mg] versus age at different Galactocetric distances.
Conclusions. Our results confirm from a theoretical point of view that the relation between [Y/Mg] and stellar age cannot be ‘universal’, that is, cannot be the same in every part of the Galaxy. It has a strong dependence on the star formation rate, on the s-process yields, and on their relation with metallicity, and it therefore varies throughout the Galactic disc.
University life during pandemic COVID-19: Attitudes of staff and students towards distance education
Authors: Guliyeva Aida , Rzayeva Ulviyya , Guliyeva Gunay 
Published: January 2021

Research background: The analysis of the problem was carried out according to the standard scheme: collection of information - description of the received data - generalization of data - recommendations. All the information available on this subject was obtained by questioning teachers, administrative staff and students.
Purpose of the article: This case study is aimed at studying social objects and relationships in the process of transition from traditional to remote education methods to obtain new information and identify relevant patterns that depend on gender and position at the university.
Methods: An online survey was conducted among 1792 people from March 15 to April 15, 2020 through an electronic questionnaire. The sample included academic and administrative staff, and UNEC’s students. Using the SPSS statistical software package, the Chi Square test is calculated.
Findings & Value added: The advantage of this study is the creation of a model that can be used not only to interpret the results of a sociological survey in real time, but also to make decisions and develop strategies for future developments.
Marketing Communication of Multinational Retail Chain during Global Pandemic in the Online Environment
Authors: Kollárová Daniela , Ungerová Magdaléna 
Published: January 2021

Research background:The epidemic that has hit us on a global scale has had a negative impact not only on the work-related, social, and personal lives of each individual or household, but also on the economies of different countries and, last but not least, on decision-making of companies. One of the areas in which we noticed clearly the influence of the pandemic was the communication of retail chains with their customers: e.g., Kaufland stopped the unaddressed distribution of its promotional leaflets and tried to redirect the interest of customers to the digital (online) environment. With our paper we respond to this measure. The object of our research is the posts of the multinational retail chain Kaufland published on its Facebook account, intended for customers on the Slovak and German markets, during the period when a state of emergency was imposed in Slovakia.Purpose of the article:The main purpose of the content analysis is to find out the topics of the online contents of the retail chain Kaufland in Slovakia in communication with customers during an emergency state on its Facebook pages and compare them with the topics of articles posted during the observed period on the company´s Facebook pages in Germany.Methods:Digital contents are divided into contributions related and not related to the pandemic. As Germany did not impose general restrictions, we found out that in comparison with Slovakia, some themes related to the health protection or social responsibility did not appear on the Facebook pages of Kaufland in Germany.Findings & Value added:Conversely, Kaufland Slovakia did not assure customers that stores were regularly supplied and customers did not have to fall into purchasing hysteria, did not encourage customers to move to digital (online) environment and also did not publish job offers (for temporary work) in its shops or by its suppliers. The number of pandemic-related posts has been declining over the examined period.
Globalization of EU Trade Policy in the COVID-19 Era
Authors: Müller Vladimír , Terem Peter 
Published: January 2021

Research background: The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the shape of economic globalization as well as the position of world trade within it. Nation states and several customs unions will have to update their trade policy accordingly to the changing situation. The need for trade policy update is especially related to the EU as one of the most important actors in the world economy.
Purpose of the article: This article deals with the priorities of EU trade policy during the presence of the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors assess what kind of changes occurred to EU’s trade policy during the first eight months (February to September 2020) since the outbreak of the COVID-19 in Europe. Furthermore, the authors also assess the penetration of unusual protectionist measures into the practical execution of EU’s trade policy.
Methods: Our approach is built on a content analysis of various trade policy documents from EU and WTO. In this undertaking we also critically reflect on specific trade policy measures already adopted by the European Commission since the global outbreak of COVID-19.
Findings & Value added: The article aims to be one of the first of its kind to analyze the changes caused by COVID-19 to the formation of EU trade policy. The paper concludes that during the first eight months of the pandemic, the EU trade policy followed the liberal path and protectionist measures were applied scarcely. However, in the future, EU will have to deal with increasing protectionist pressures from both internal and external environment.
Global Impacts of COVID-19 on the Financing of Local Self-Governments: Evidence from Slovak municipalities
Authors: Papcunová Viera , Hornyák Gregáňová Radomíra 
Published: January 2021

Research background: Until 2004, the financing of local self-government in Slovak Republic was determined annually by the Act on the State Budget. In 2005, the whole philosophy of redistribution of funds for the level of local self-government was changed. The basis of the new system of local self-government financing was the determination of the personal income tax as an only one share tax.
Purpose of the article: The income from this tax is distributed between the local self-government, the regional self-government and the state. The aim of the paper is to analyze the incomes from personal income tax redistributed to the level of local self-governments in Slovak Republic in the time period 2009 - 2019, as well as to provide a possible prediction of the development of these incomes.
Methods: Basic data for the analysis were obtained from the Ministry of Finance of the Slovak Republic from the state final account. We evaluate the obtained time series by means of MS Excel and we use modelling by means of trend lines. The obtained predictions will be compared with the forecasts presented by the Ministry of Finance of the Slovak Republic.
Findings & Value added: However, COVID - 19 also intervened in the predictions of the Ministry of Finance of the Slovak Republic, and therefore we will also compare our models with real data obtained from the state budget in the framework of fulfilling from personal income tax for the time period January to August 2020. Also we will evaluate the expenditures of selected EU countries for local self-government.
Learning analytics for higher education: proposal of big data ingestion architecture
Authors: Amare Meseret Yihun , Simonova Stanislava 
Published: January 2021

Research background: Higher education institutions are generating multiple formats of data from diverse sources across the globe. The data ingestion layer is responsible for collecting data and transform for analysis. Learning analytics plays a vital role in providing decision-making support and selection of suitable timely intervention. The lack of tailored big-data ingestion architectures for academics led to several implementation challenges.
Purpose of the article: The purpose of this article is to propose data ingestion architecture enabled for big data learning analytics.
Methods: The study reviews existing literature to examine big-data ingestion tools and frameworks; and identify big-data ingestion challenges. An optimized framework for the real world learning analytics application was not yet in place at global higher educations. Consequently, the big-data ingestion pipeline is experiencing challenges of inefficient and complex data access, slow processing time, and security issues associated with transferring data to the system. The proposed data ingestion architecture is based on review of recent literature and adapts best international practices, guidelines, and techniques to meet the demand of current big-data ingestion issues.
Findings & value added: This study identifies the current global challenges in implementing learning analytics projects. Review of recent big data ingestion techniques has been done based on defined metrics tuned for learning analytics purposes. The proposed data ingestion framework would increase the effectiveness of collecting, importing, processing and storing of learning data. Besides, the proposed architecture contributes to the construction of full-fledged big-data learning analytics ecosystem of higher educations.
International Financial Reporting Standards as a tool for Earnings management
Authors: Cugova Aneta , Cug Juraj 
Published: January 2021

Research background:The idea of harmonizing accounting at the international level gradually began to spread from the second half of the 20th century as a result of globalization and the growth of international trade. Due to the expansion of this business, users of financial statements have a need for comparability and transparency. National accounting legislation was so different that a reliable assessment of companies from different national backgrounds was not possible. The intention was to create uniform, globally applicable accounting standards.Purpose of the article:This paper clarifies the theoretical background of selected accounting standards that can significantly expand the scope for earnings management.Methods:Basic scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction and abstraction were used to meet the stated goal.Findings & Value added:The correct application of IFRS can increases the scope for discretionary accounting practices. The change in reporting and valuation according to domestic legislation to reporting and valuation according to international standards may, to varying degrees, affect the picture of the financial position as well as the achieved profit of the company.
Digitalization of tax administration communication under the effect of global megatrends of the digital age
Authors: Ihnatišinová Denisa 
Published: January 2021

Research background: Digitalization of tax administration communication means the creation of paperless communication between the tax subject and the tax administration. Artificial intelligence technology creates new digital communication channels and contribute to more efficient paperless tax administration. The global trend of the digital age are digital assistants, chatbots, voicebots, respectively process automation. The growing investments in new information technologies is mainly due to the simplification of tax registration and payment, an automation of data analysis and the improvement of communication between tax subjects and tax administrations.
Purpose of the article: The aim of the article is to evaluate the impact of global megatrends of the digital age, specifically the automation of processes on changes in the communication channels of tax administration.
Methods: As a research method, it is used a mix of methods combining quantitative and qualitative analysis. Specifically, the analysis of the development and current state of digital communication strategies implemented within OECD countries, comparison of digital communication methods in Slovakia and the OECD and analysis of the use artificial intelligence as a new information technology in the tax administration communication environment.
Findings & Value added: The main findings have allowed us to highlight the global trends in terms of automation as well as new practical directions of using digital interaction in real time. The recommendation for Slovakia is the transformation to new digital technologies in communication in the tax administration, it is investing in modern technologies, especially artificial intelligence, and at the same time challenging the development of digital skills of tax administration employees in this area.