bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Science teachers’ and students’ metavisualization in scientific modeling
Authors: Chang Hsin‐Yi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study investigated eight experienced science teachers’ and eight senior high school students’ metavisualization when they drew models to represent their concepts of carbon cycling. Qualitative data collection techniques including think‐aloud tasks and follow‐up retrospective interviews were employed. The purposes of the study included: (1) to propose a framework differentiating performance levels leading to metavisual competence; and (2) to identify students’ metavisualization difficulties by comparing experienced teachers’ and novice students’ performances. Four aspects of metavisualization were investigated, including use of epistemic knowledge of visualization, demonstration of metacognition in visualization, use of judgment criteria, and use of metavisual strategies. Levels of progression from none or less to sufficient metavisual competence were proposed based on the participants’ metavisualization performances. Three types of epistemic knowledge of visualization were identified, namely, a view of visualization as a learning or expression tool, a static view of representation and target, and a dynamic view between purposeful visualization and knowledge construction. Five types of metavisual strategies were also identified, namely, resourcing, focusing, inducting, deducing, and perfecting strategies. Comparison of the teachers’ and students’ metavisualization indicates that the experienced teachers demonstrated distinctive metacognition and metavisual strategies that helped them achieve the goal of fluent visualization. The findings provide insights into how to support individuals’ development of metavisual competence for scientific modeling.
Cheyne–Stokes respiration in two sheep during recovery from general anaesthesia for experimental convection enhanced drug delivery
Authors: Cambruzzi Martina , van Oostrom Hugo , Deutsch Julia 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTwo 8‐month‐old Suffolk sheep, weighing 45 and 55 kg, respectively, were anaesthetised for an intrathalamic injection of an experimental drug. After an uneventful procedure and general anaesthesia using controlled mechanical ventilation, the sheep were weaned off the ventilator and allowed to breathe spontaneously with end‐tidal carbon dioxide (PE′CO2) levels remaining within normal limits. During recovery, intermittent apnoeic phases were observed with increasing PE′CO2(>70 mmHg) and decreasing oxygen saturation of haemoglobin (SpO2) levels (90%–91%). The sheep appeared unresponsive, and reflexes were absent. This alternated with phases of normal mentation, normal reflexes and regular spontaneous ventilation, where ventilatory parameters improved. Tentative treatment to reduce intracranial pressure and administration of the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone were unsuccessful. Definite diagnosis of Cheyne–Stokes respiration is difficult but was suspected in these two cases; cerebral cortex damage, intracranial haemorrhage or opioid mediated respiratory rhythm disturbances are possible causes.
Re-examination of Slip Distribution of the 2004 Sumatra–Andaman Earthquake (Mw 9.2) by the Inversion of Tsunami Data Using Green’s Functions Corrected for Compressible Seawater Over the Elastic Earth
Authors: Fujii Yushiro , Satake Kenji , Watada Shingo , Ho Tung-Cheng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe re-examined the slip distribution on faults of the 2004 Sumatra–Andaman (M 9.1 according to USGS) earthquake by the inversion of tsunami data with phase-corrected Green’s functions applied to linear long waves. The correction accounts for the effects of compressibility of seawater, elasticity of solid earth, and gravitational potential variation associated with the motion of mass to reproduce the delayed arrivals and the reversed phase of the first tsunami waves. We used sea surface height (SSH) data from satellite altimetry (SA) measurements along five tracks, and the tsunami waveforms recorded at tide gauges (TGs) and ocean bottom pressure gauges (OBPGs) in and around the Indian Ocean. The inversion results for both data sets for different rupture velocities (Vr) show that the reproducibility of the spatiotemporal SSHs and tsunami waveforms is improved by the phase corrections, although the effects are not so significant within the Indian Ocean. The best slip distribution model from joint inversion of SA, TG and OBPG data with Vr of 1.3 km/s shows the largest slips of 16–25 m off Sumatra Island, large slips of 2–11 m off the Nicobar Islands, and moderate slips of 2–6 m in the Andaman Islands. The inversion results reproduce the far-field tsunami waveforms well at distant stations even more than 13,000–25,000 km from the epicenter. The total source length is about 1400 km and the seismic moment is Mw 9.2, longer and larger than that of our previous estimates based on TG records.
Synthesis and characterization of biopolyols through biomass liquefaction of wood shavings and their application in the preparation of polyurethane wood composites
Authors: Olszewski Adam , Kosmela Paulina , Piszczyk Łukasz 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe sustainability of production systems in wood processing, wood industry, and wooden waste disposal is an important issue for European industry and society. Proper development of products based on renewable wood resources gives an opportunity to provide materials with long-term environmental, social, and economic sustainability. This study aims to establish a new way of forestry and agricultural waste materials utilization by synthesis of bio-based polyols and manufacturing of polyurethane wood composites (PU-WC). The first part of this paper describes the liquefaction of wood shavings at a temperature of 150 °C for 6 h in three different solvents—glycerol, poly (ethylene glycol) and their mixture in a 1:1 ratio. The second part deals with the synthesis of polyurethane (PU) resins containing 90% of biopolyol. Eight sets of materials with different NCO:OH ratios were obtained in a one-step method using a hydraulic press. These materials were characterized, and the material with the most promising properties was selected for polyurethane wood composites production. Composites with 40%, 50%, 60%, and 70% of wood shavings were obtained. The addition of filler caused an increase in flexural strength, Young`s modulus, hardness, and impact strength. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed good adhesion between the polymer and the filler. The optimum filler content is between 50 and 60% by weight of the composite. The presented study provides a significant step toward a greener alternative for materials produced mainly from non-renewable resources.
Asymptotic properties of a class of linearly implicit schemes for weakly compressible Euler equations
Authors: Kučera Václav , Lukáčová-Medvid’ová Mária , Noelle Sebastian , Schütz Jochen 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this paper we derive and analyse a class of linearly implicit schemes which includes the one of Feistauer and Kučera (J Comput Phys 224:208–221, 2007) as well as the class of RS-IMEX schemes (Schütz and Noelle in J Sci Comp 64:522–540, 2015; Kaiser et al. in J Sci Comput 70:1390–1407, 2017; Bispen et al. in Commun Comput Phys 16:307–347, 2014; Zakerzadeh in ESAIM Math Model Numer Anal 53:893–924, 2019). The implicit part is based on a Jacobian matrix which is evaluated at a reference state. This state can be either the solution at the old time level as in Feistauer and Kučera (2007), or a numerical approximation of the incompressible limit equations as in Zeifang et al. (Commun Comput Phys 27:292–320, 2020), or possibly another state. Subsequently, it is shown that this class of methods is asymptotically preserving under the assumption of a discrete Hilbert expansion. For a one-dimensional setting with some limitations on the reference state, the existence of a discrete Hilbert expansion is shown.
Sensitivity of a fluidic oscillator to modifications of feedback channel and mixing chamber geometry
Authors: Tajik Abdul Raouf , Kara Kursat , Parezanović Vladimir 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This experimental study investigates the effects of internal geometry modifications on the performance of a curved Sweeping Jet actuator. The modifications are applied to the geometry of the feedback channel and the mixing chamber Coanda surface, and the resulting actuator properties are evaluated using time-resolved static pressure measurements inside the actuator and hot-wire measurements of the external flow. The major result is that small, localized modifications of the curved sweeping jet actuator geometry can lead to a complete change in the external flow regime, making the jet velocity distribution homogeneous, similar to the angled variant of the actuator. The Coanda surface shape is identified as the primary cause of the external jet adopting the bifurcated or homogeneous flow regime. The relationships between the sweeping frequency, jet deflection angle, required supply pressure, and pressure fluctuations are analyzed and discussed in detail. External flow behavior and coherence are characterized by phase-averaged, phase-locked velocity profiles and auto-correlation of the velocity signals.

Graphical abstract
The log odds of positive neck lymph nodes is a superior lymph node predictor for overall survival in head and neck cancer: a population-based analysis in Germany
Authors: Kouka Mussab , Al-Ahmar Elisa , Büntzel Jens , Kaftan Holger , Böger Daniel , Müller Andreas , Schultze-Mosgau Stefan , Ernst Thomas , Guntinas-Lichius Orlando 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
This population-based study investigated the influence of different lymph node (LN) classifications on overall survival (OS) in head and neck cancer (HNC).

Methods
401 patients (median age: 57 years; 47% stage IV) of the Thuringian cancer registries with diagnosis of a primary HNC receiving a neck dissection (ND) in 2009 and 2010 were included. OS was assessed in relation to total number of LN removed, number of positive LN, LN ratio, and log odds of positive LN (LODDS).

Results
Mean number of LODDS was 0–0.96 ± 0.57. When limiting the multivariate analysis to TNM stage, only the UICC staging (stage IV: HR 9.218; 95% CI 2.721–31.224; p < 0.001) and LODDS >  – 1.0 (HR 2.120; 95% CI 1.129–3.982; p = 0.019) were independently associated with lower OS.

Conclusion
LODDS was an independent and superior predictor for OS in HNC in a population-based setting with representative real-life data.
Genetic therapies for neurological disorders
Authors: FitzPatrick Laura , Bird Adrian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn recent years, it has become increasingly apparent that many neurological disorders are underpinned by a genetic aetiology. This has resulted in considerable efforts to develop therapeutic strategies which can treat the disease-causing mutation, either by supplying a functional copy of the mutated gene or editing the genomic sequence. In this review, we will discuss the main genetic strategies which are currently being explored for the treatment of monogenic neurological disorders, as well as some of the challenges they face. In addition, we will address some of the ethical difficulties which may arise.
Distributionally robust stochastic programs with side information based on trimmings
Authors: Esteban-Pérez Adrián , Morales Juan M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe consider stochastic programs conditional on some covariate information, where the only knowledge of the possible relationship between the uncertain parameters and the covariates is reduced to a finite data sample of their joint distribution. By exploiting the close link between the notion of trimmings of a probability measure and the partial mass transportation problem, we construct a data-driven Distributionally Robust Optimization (DRO) framework to hedge the decision against the intrinsic error in the process of inferring conditional information from limited joint data. We show that our approach is computationally as tractable as the standard (without side information) Wasserstein-metric-based DRO and enjoys performance guarantees. Furthermore, our DRO framework can be conveniently used to address data-driven decision-making problems under contaminated samples. Finally, the theoretical results are illustrated using a single-item newsvendor problem and a portfolio allocation problem with side information.
Challenges for recovery of large carnivores in humanized countries: attitudes and knowledge of sheep farmers towards brown bear in Western Pyrenees, Spain
Authors: Herrero Juan , García-Serrano Alicia , Reiné Ramón , Ferrer Vicente , Azón Ricardo , López-Bao José Vicente , Palomero Guillermo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDuring 2017, we studied knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes towards brown bears by extensive mountain sheep farmers in the Western Pyrenees, using a structured questionnaire, specifically, whether the scarce bear presence, or the administrative region, was influential. Livestock raising practices are mainly family properties and have suffered a strong decline in the last decades. Despite its low abundance (only 2 bear individuals during the study period in the area), there was a generalized negative attitude towards the presence of bears. Farmers considered bear presence as incompatible with sheep mountain herding. One third of them have experienced bear damages, although this was not the main difficulty for the viability of farming practices. They were able to change husbandry practices after wildlife and dog’s damages, increasing vigilance, hiring shepherds, and using livestock guarding dogs, whose work is perceived as satisfactory. Farmers considered that information available about bear and compensation systems for damages was insufficient, and should be improved.
Decoding the Cauzin Softstrip: a case study in extracting information from old media
Authors: Reimsbach Michael , Aycock John 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHaving content in an archive is of limited value if it cannot be read and used. As a case study of extricating information from obsolete media, making it readable once again through deep learning techniques, we examine the Cauzin Softstrip: one of the first two-dimensional bar codes, released in 1985 by Cauzin Systems, which could be used for encoding all manner of digital data. Softstrips occupy a curious middle ground, as they were both physical and digital. The bar codes were printed on paper, and in that sense are no different in an archival way than any printed material. Softstrips can be found in old computer magazines, computer books, and booklets of software Cauzin produced. However, managing the digital nature of these physical artifacts falls within the scope of digital curation. To make the information on them readable and useful, the digital information needs to be extracted, which originally would have occurred using a physical Cauzin Softstrip reader. Obtaining a working Softstrip reader is already extremely difficult and will most likely be impossible in the coming years. In order to extract the encoded data, we created a digital Softstrip reader, making Softstrip data accessible without needing a physical reader. Our decoding strategy is able to decode over 91% of the 1229 Softstrips in our Softstrip corpus; this rises to 99% if we only consider Softstrip images produced under controlled conditions. Furthermore, we later acquired another set of 117 Softstrips and we were able to decode nearly 95% of them with no adjustments to the decoder. These excellent results underscore the fact that technology like deep learning is readily accessible to non-experts; we obtained these results using a convolutional neural network, even though neither of the authors are expert in the area.
National archives’ priorities: an international overview
Authors: Martínez-Cardama Sara , Pacios Ana R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis discussion of national archives’ present priorities affords an overview of the areas meriting their greatest attention. It is based on an analysis of 18 strategic plans and 41 vision statements found for the 159 national archives affiliated with the International Council on Archives’ regional branches that provide public access to these documents on their websites. Improvement in access to and conservation and digitisation of the respective collections are convergent items in such plans and statements. Other strategies including protection for the national heritage and collective memory are also identified in some developing countries where the national archive is the mainstay of cultural and intellectual life. Strengthening national archive authority as the governing institution that guides a country’s archival policy, another issue found in both plans and statements, infers the need to heighten archives’ social and institutional role in their respective countries. The article identifies what is deemed good practice in cultural institution transparency management by describing what these institutions do and how. The scant presence of strategic plans on national archives’ websites is regretted, however, for it deprives citizens of information on the action planned for the years to come and precludes any international extrapolation of the present findings.
Are Female Paraphilias Hiding in Plain Sight? Risqué Male–Male Erotica for Women in Sinophone and Anglophone Regions
Authors: Madill Anna , Zhao Yao 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFemale-oriented male–male erotica is a genre of popular culture often know as Boys’ Love (BL), yaoi, and danmei. It is one of the largest by-and-for women sexual subcultures and a global phenomenon. With the largest data sets in the field, we ask: Which risqué sexual content do Sinophone (Chinese-speaking) and Anglophone (English-speaking) participants particularly enjoy in BL and does this differ between cultures?, and Are there sub-demographics in Sinophone and in Anglophone culture who enjoy particular forms of risqué sexual content in BL and do these forms relate also to enjoyment of particular storylines and concern with legal issues? The material studied meets the DSM-5 definition of the paraphilic, and little is known about paraphilias in women or in the general population. Using Categorical Principal Component Analysis we explored one 15-response question from our Sinophone (N= 1922) and Anglophone (N= 1715) BL fandom surveys: Which risqué sexual content do you particularly enjoy in BL? We also tested for associations with seven demographic and other BL content-related questions. Notably, the component structure was nearly replicated between the two independent samples, in order of strength: BDSM Specialist, Mechanoid/Animal Sex Specialist, Underage Sex Specialist, and Minority Paraphilia Specialist. In both samples, it was the avid BL fans and/or those who liked explicitly sexual stories, a largely overlapping demographic, who most engage the risqué content, while, for the Sinophone, this included also more non-heterosexual and/or other-gendered people. We conclude that women’s paraphilias have been largely overlooked because they might be expressed more commonly through fantasy than action, that their mass expression has awaited both the means and the market force, and that current conceptualization of, and assumptions about, paraphilias is overly modeled on that of men.
Pornography Use Profiles and the Emergence of Sexual Behaviors in Adolescence
Authors: Pirrone Davide , Zondervan-Zwijnenburg Mariëlle , Reitz Ellen , van den Eijnden Regina J. J. M. , ter Bogt Tom F. M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis research longitudinally explored adolescent pornography (porn) consumption and its association with sexual development in early and middle adolescence. A four-wave design with half-year intervals investigated pornography consumption and different (sexual) activities, such as masturbation, French kissing, petting, giving/receiving manual and oral sex, and intercourse, among 630 respondents (47.9% female, mean age 13.7 years; SD = 0.48) years at T1). A latent growth mixture analysis of pornography consumption revealed two groups with relatively low pornography (LP; 51.8% of the boys, 91.4% of the girls) versus high pornography (HP; 48.2% of the boys; 8.6% of the girls) consumption across time. At T1, HP boys on average watched pornography less than once a month, but more than once a year at T1. At T4, their average pornography use had increased to almost one to two times a week. LP boys never watched pornography at T1. At T4, their average pornography use was still less than once a year. At T1, HP girls never watched pornography, but consumption increased to almost one to three times a month at T4. Across waves of the study, LP girls (almost) never watched pornography. A discrete-time survival mixture analysis of sexual developmental patterning indicated that, compared to their LP peers, both girls and boys in the HP groups showed accelerated development of masturbation, petting, and receiving manual sex. Girls in the HP group were also more inclined to receive oral sex, whereas boys in the HP group also showed earlier and more frequent manual sex and intercourse. Thus, whereas the HP group of boys was substantially larger compared to that of girls, pornography consumption was related to accelerated development of sexual activities for both genders across early and middle adolescence. The discussion deliberates on pornography as a driving force in adolescent sexual development versus pornography as a medium of choice for sexually advanced adolescents.
Liquid “Syngas” Based on Supercritical Water and Graphite Oxide/TiO2 Composite as Catalyst for CO2 to Organic Conversion
Authors: Gerasymchuk Y. , Wędzyńska A. , Stręk W. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe conversion of carbon monoxide into organic substances is one of the top topics of modern science due to the development of industry and the climate changes caused by it on the one hand, and the possibility of obtaining an economic effect on the other, as it could allow for partial recovery of fuels. A problem in this regard has always been the low solubility of CO2 in water, which eliminated the possibility of easy converting carbon dioxide into the liquid. The development of research on water critical states revealed the fact that water in a subcritical state has a much higher ability to dissolve gases. And this effect was used to obtain the "liquid synthesis gas" model presented in this paper. Equally important was the selection of an appropriate catalyst that would increase the efficiency of the conversion process by generating hydrogen in the system under the influence of cold plasma. In this work we present the studies of transformation of CO2 dissolved in supercritical water using partially reduced graphite oxide—nanometric titania composite (RGO-TiO2) as catalyst, due to the ability of RGO to generate hydrogen in the water environment (water splitting) under the influence of various physical factors, especially cold plasma. The RGO catalyst was stabilized with titanium oxide to obtain higher activity at lower RGO concentrations in the system. Therefore, research on conversions was preceded by a thorough analysis of CO2 solubility in supercritical water, as well as an analysis of the structural, morphological, and spectroscopic properties of the catalyst.
Graphic Abstract
General scheme of cold plasma reactor.