bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of cGMP-signalling and calcium-signalling in photoreceptor cell death: perspectives for therapy development
Authors: Das Soumyaparna , Chen Yiyi , Yan Jie , Christensen Gustav , Belhadj Soumaya , Tolone Arianna , Paquet-Durand François 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe second messengers, cGMP and Ca2+, have both been implicated in retinal degeneration; however, it is still unclear which of the two is most relevant for photoreceptor cell death. This problem is exacerbated by the close connections and crosstalk between cGMP-signalling and calcium (Ca2+)-signalling in photoreceptors. In this review, we summarize key aspects of cGMP-signalling and Ca2+-signalling relevant for hereditary photoreceptor degeneration. The topics covered include cGMP-signalling targets, the role of Ca2+ permeable channels, relation to energy metabolism, calpain-type proteases, and how the related metabolic processes may trigger and execute photoreceptor cell death. A focus is then put on cGMP-dependent mechanisms and how exceedingly high photoreceptor cGMP levels set in motion cascades of Ca2+-dependent and independent processes that eventually bring about photoreceptor cell death. Finally, an outlook is given into mutation-independent therapeutic approaches that exploit specific features of cGMP-signalling. Such approaches might be combined with suitable drug delivery systems for translation into clinical applications.
Rapid alteration of fractured volcanic conduits beneath Mt Unzen
Authors: Yilmaz Tim I. , Wadsworth Fabian B. , Gilg H. Albert , Hess Kai-Uwe , Kendrick Jackie E. , Wallace Paul A. , Lavallée Yan , Utley James , Vasseur Jérémie , Nakada Setsuya , Dingwell Donald B. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe nature of sub-volcanic alteration is usually only observable after erosion and exhumation at old inactive volcanoes, via geochemical changes in hydrothermal fluids sampled at the surface, via relatively low-resolution geophysical methods or can be inferred from erupted products. These methods are spatially or temporally removed from the real subsurface and thus provide only indirect information. In contrast, the ICDP deep drilling of the Mt Unzen volcano subsurface affords a snapshot into the in situ interaction between the dacitic dykes that fed dome-forming eruptions and the sub-volcanic hydrothermal system, where the most recent lava dome eruption occurred between 1990 and 1995. Here, we analyse drill core samples from hole USDP-4, constraining their degree and type of alteration. We identify and characterize two clay alteration stages: (1) an unusual argillic alteration infill of fractured or partially dissolved plagioclase and hornblende phenocryst domains with kaolinite and Reichweite 1 illite (70)-smectite and (2) propylitic alteration of amphibole and biotite phenocrysts with the fracture-hosted precipitation of chlorite, sulfide and carbonate minerals. These observations imply that the early clay-forming fluid was acidic and probably had a magmatic component, which is indicated for the fluids related to the second chlorite-carbonate stage by our stable carbon and oxygen isotope data. The porosity in the dyke samples is dominantly fracture-hosted, and fracture-filling mineralization is common, suggesting that the dykes were fractured during magma transport, emplacement and cooling, and that subsequent permeable circulation of hydrothermal fluids led to pore clogging and potential partial sealing of the pore network on a timescale of ~ 9 years from cessation of the last eruption. These observations, in concert with evidence that intermediate, crystal-bearing magmas are susceptible to fracturing during ascent and emplacement, lead us to suggest that arc volcanoes enclosed in highly fractured country rock are susceptible to rapid hydrothermal circulation and alteration, with implications for the development of fluid flow, mineralization, stress regime and volcanic edifice structural stability. We explore these possibilities in the context of alteration at other similar volcanoes.
A new approach for calculating microalgae culture growth based on an inhibitory effect of the surrounding biomass
Authors: Jung Sun-Hwa , McHardy Christopher , Rauh Cornelia , Jahn Alexander , Luzi Giovanni , Delgado Antonio , Buchholz Rainer , Lindenberger Christoph 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEver since the potential of algae in biotechnology was recognized, models describing the growth of algae inside photobioreactors have been proposed. These models are the basis for the optimization of process conditions and reactor designs. Over the last few decades, models became more and more elaborate with the increase of computational capacity. Thus far, these models have been based on light attenuation due to the absorption and scattering effects of the biomass. This manuscript presents a new way of predicting the apparent growth inside photobioreactors using simple models for enzymatic kinetics to describe the reaction between photons and the photosynthetic unit. The proposed model utilizes an inhibition kinetic formula based on the surrounding biomass to describe the average growth rate of a culture, which is determined by the local light intensities inside the reactor. The result is a mixed-inhibition scheme with multiple inhibition sites. The parameters of the new kinetic equation are replaced by empirical regression functions to correlate their dependency on incident light intensity and reactor size. The calibrations of the parameters and the regression functions are based on the numerical solutions of the growth rate computed with a classical Type II model. As a final verification, we apply the new equation in predicting the growth behavior of three phototrophic organisms in reactors of three different sizes.
Organizing pneumonia following Covid19 pneumonia
Authors: Funk Georg-Christian , Nell Caroline , Pokieser Wolfgang , Thaler Birgit , Rainer Gernot , Valipour Arschang 
Published: April 2021

SummaryThe potential mid-term and long-term consequences after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections are as yet unknown. This is the first report of bronchoscopically verified organizing pneumonia as a complication of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid19). It caused persisting dyspnea, impaired pulmonary function, and radiological abnormalities over 5 weeks after onset of symptoms. While organizing pneumonia frequently requires treatment with systemic corticosteroids, in this case it resolved spontaneously without treatment after 6 weeks. Healthcare professionals should consider organizing pneumonia in patients with persisting respiratory symptoms after Covid19.
A Deep Learning-based approach for forecasting off-gas production and consumption in the blast furnace
Authors: Dettori Stefano , Matino Ismael , Colla Valentina , Speets Ramon 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article presents the application of a recent neural network topology known as the deep echo state network to the prediction and modeling of strongly nonlinear systems typical of the process industry. The article analyzes the results by introducing a comparison with one of the most common and efficient topologies, the long short-term memories, in order to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of a reservoir computing approach compared to one currently considered as a standard of recurrent neural network. As benchmark application, two specific processes common in the integrated steelworks are selected, with the purpose of forecasting the future energy exchanges and transformations. The procedures of training, validation and test are based on data analysis, outlier detection and reconciliation and variable selection starting from real field industrial data. The analysis of results shows the effectiveness of deep echo state networks and their strong forecasting capabilities with respect to standard recurrent methodologies both in terms of training procedures and accuracy.
A novel fully tapered, self-cutting tissue-level implant: non-inferiority study in minipigs
Authors: El Chaar Edgard , Puisys Algirdas , Sabbag Itai , Bellón Benjamin , Georgantza Aikaterini , Kye Wayne , Pippenger Benjamin E. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objectives
To assess the osseointegration and crestal bone level maintenance of a novel fully tapered self-cutting tissue-level implant for immediate placement (test) compared to a clinically established tissue-level implant (control) in moderate bone quality.

Materials and methods
Test and control implants were compared in 3 groups, i.e., small-, medium-, and large-diameter implants in an edentulous mandibular minipig model with moderate bone quality after 12 weeks of healing. Histometrically derived bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and first bone-to-implant contact (fBIC) were subjected to statistical non-inferiority testing. Maximum insertion torque values in artificial bone were assessed for comparison.

Results
BIC values for the tests and control implants for all 3 diameters were comparable and non-inferior: small diameter (61.30 ± 10.63% vs. 54.46 ± 18.31%) (p=0.99), medium diameter (60.91 ± 14.42 vs. 54.68 ± 9.16) (p=0.55), and large diameter (45.60 ± 14.67 vs. 52.52 ± 14.76) (p=0.31). fBIC values for test implants were higher and non-inferior compared to control implants in all three groups. Test implants further showed distinctly higher maximum insertion torque values compared to control implants.

Conclusion
The investigated novel tissue-level implant is able to achieve high levels of primary and secondary implant stability under simultaneous preservation of crestal bone levels. This qualifies the studied implant as an attractive candidate for immediate placement in bone of limited quality.

Clinical relevance
This pilot pre-clinical study investigated a novel tissue-level implant for immediate placement. With the aim of translating the studied prototype into clinical application pre-clinical models, procedures and controls have been chosen with the aim of reflecting its future clinical indication and use.
Do traders learn to select efficient market institutions?
Authors: Alós-Ferrer Carlos , Buckenmaier Johannes , Kirchsteiger Georg 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWhen alternative market institutions are available, traders have to decide both where and how much to trade. We conducted an experiment where traders decided first whether to trade in an (efficient) double-auction institution or in a posted-offers one (favoring sellers), and second how much to trade. When sellers face decreasing returns to scale (increasing production costs), fast coordination on the double-auction occurs, with the posted-offers institution becoming inactive. In contrast, under constant returns to scale, both institutions remain active and coordination is slower. The reason is that sellers trade off higher efficiency in a market with dwindling profits for biased-up profits in a market with vanishing customers. Hence, efficiency alone might not be sufficient to guarantee coordination on a single market institution if the surplus distribution is asymmetric. Trading behavior approaches equilibrium predictions (market clearing) within each institution, but switching behavior across institutions is explained by simple rules of thumb, with buyers chasing low prices and sellers considering both prices and trader ratios.
Emotion Regulation as a Mediator in the Relationship Between Cognitive Biases and Depressive Symptoms in Depressed, At-risk and Healthy Children and Adolescents
Authors: Sfärlea A. , Takano K. , Buhl C. , Loechner J. , Greimel E. , Salemink E. , Schulte-Körne G. , Platt B. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractContemporary cognitive models of depression propose that cognitive biases for negative information at the level of attention (attention biases; AB) and interpretation (interpretation biases; IB) increase depression risk by promoting maladaptive emotion regulation (ER). So far, empirical support testing interactions between these variables is restricted to non-clinical and clinical adult samples. The aim of the current study was to extend these findings to a sample of children and adolescents. This cross-sectional study included 109 children aged 9–14 years who completed behavioural measures of AB (passive-viewing task) and IB (scrambled sentences task) as well as self-report measures of ER and depressive symptoms. In order to maximize the variance in these outcomes we included participants with a clinical diagnosis of depression as well as non-depressed youth with an elevated familial risk of depression and non-depressed youth with a low familial risk of depression. Path model analysis indicated that all variables (AB, IB, adaptive and maladaptive ER) had a direct effect on depressive symptoms. IB and AB also had significant indirect effects on depressive symptoms via maladaptive and adaptive ER. These findings provide initial support for the role of ER as a mediator between cognitive biases and depressive symptoms and provide the foundations for future experimental and longitudinal studies. In contrast to studies in adult samples, both adaptive as well as maladaptive ER mediated the effect of cognitive biases on depressive symptoms. This suggests potentially developmental differences in the role of ER across the lifespan.
Behavioural Evidence and Chemical Identification of a Female Sex Pheromone in Anagrus atomus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae)
Authors: Zanolli Penelope , Annoscia Desiderato , Zanni Virginia , Nazzi Francesco , Pavan Francesco 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAnagrus atomus (L.) is an egg parasitoid involved in the biological control of Empoasca vitis (Göthe) in vineyards. Sex pheromones play a crucial role in mate finding for several parasitoid species and could be used for monitoring under field conditions. We carried out laboratory and field studies aimed at assessing the existence and identity of a possible A. atomus sex pheromone. We found that males were significantly attracted by virgin females independent of age. Males were not attracted to individuals of the same sex, but they were attracted by a crude extract from an unmated female and its polar fraction. Eugenol (4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol) was identified as the attractive substance and proved to be attractive not only in the olfactometer but also in another laboratory bioassay and under field conditions. Attraction of males, but not females, confirms that this is not an aggregation pheromone. This is the first sex-pheromone component identified in Mymaridae, however more compounds could be involved in the mating behaviour of A. atomus. The utility of a sex pheromone in A. atomus is discussed in the context of fitness returns.
Salud y Orgullo Mexicano: Development of a Culturally Specific Transnational Linkage and Retention in Care Intervention for Mexican Men Who Have Sex with Men Living with HIV in Chicago
Authors: Johnson Amy K. , Buenrostro Román , Soberanis Gilberto , McCarn Banita , Magner Bridget , Maiorana Andres 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis manuscript documents the development of an innovative individual-level peer navigation intervention “Salud y Orgullo Mexicano” (SOM) designed to increase linkage and retention to HIV care for Mexican men who have sex with men (MSM) in Chicago, Illinois. The intervention was developed via a modified intervention mapping process. Elements of two existing interventions were combined and refined with input from the Mexican MSM community, including informant interviews, an expert advisory board, and a design team. A manualized transnational intervention was developed via intervention mapping. A peer health navigation intervention “SOM” was created using intervention mapping and input from the focus community. Next steps include implementing and evaluating the intervention to determine acceptability and efficacy.
The Management of Subcutaneous Emphysema in Pneumothorax: A Literature Review
Authors: Melhorn James , Davies Helen E. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPurpose of ReviewSubcutaneous emphysema is often observed by clinicians in the context of pneumothorax. It is usually clinically insignificant, but in a few cases can progress to threaten the patient’s vision or airway. A variety of approaches to management of such cases are described in the literature. There no controlled trials and no guidelines on management, other than that the cause should be identified and treated wherever possible. The goal of this article is to review the described approaches to subcutaneous emphysema in pneumothorax and provide a reference to the clinician.SummaryTreatment can be directed primarily towards treating an underlying pneumothorax and / or towards the subcutaneous emphysema. These are not mutually exclusive approaches. Management of the underlying pneumothorax includes conservative management; use of negative suction; siting of wider bore intercostal drains and definitive surgical management. Management of subcutaneous emphysema may include decompression techniques such as: ‘blow hole’ incisions or subcutaneous angio-catheters or tunnelled drains.In the current absence of controlled trials is not possible to comment on the efficacy of these techniques: no recommendations on management of subcutaneous emphysema in pneumothorax can be made. Management will be significantly influenced by local technical expertise and patient factors for the foreseeable future.
Compensator-critic structure-based event-triggered decentralized tracking control of modular robot manipulators: theory and experimental verification
Authors: Ma Bing , Li Yuanchun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a novel compensator-critic structure-based event-triggered decentralized tracking control of modular robot manipulators (MRMs). On the basis of subsystem dynamics under joint torque feedback (JTF) technique, the proposed tracking error fusion function, which includes position error and velocity error, is utilized to construct performance index function. By analyzing the dynamic uncertainties, a local dynamic information-based robust controller is designed to engage the model uncertainty compensation. Based on adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) algorithm and the event-triggered mechanism, the decentralized tracking control is obtained by solving the event-triggered Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation (HJBE) with the critic neural network (NN). The tracking error of the closed-loop manipulators system is proved to be ultimately uniformly bounded (UUB) using the Lyapunov stability theorem. Finally, experimental results illustrate the effectiveness of the developed control method.
Online and blended entrepreneurship education: a systematic review of applied educational technologies
Authors: Chen Li , Ifenthaler Dirk , Yau Jane Yin-Kim 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe supply and demand of entrepreneurship education at university level commenced in 1938. With the proven entrepreneurial effectiveness in economic development and the efforts of scholars, policymakers and other stakeholders, competencies in entrepreneurship are becoming a set of essential learning objectives. In the digital era, entrepreneurship education can be made available in an online and blended format. Thereby, this study presents a systematic analysis of research focusing on blended and online entrepreneurial learning and teaching. Based on five keywords, collating an initial set of 121 articles, this systematic review details the research outcomes of the resulting set of 38 published research articles/contributions, where each described a specific online and blended learning environment. We obtained and analyzed the following information from each of these articles: definition of entrepreneurship education, context of study, methodology, applied technology, focused group, sample, outcome of entrepreneurship education and research rigor. Our findings showed that the current research status and achievements scholars have contributed in educational technologies utilized by online and blended entrepreneurship education can be summarized into three categories: social media, serious games and Massive Open Online Courses. In order to compare these technologies, we selected five examples from three educational technologies and utilized a marking sheet for evaluation and assessment. In general, it was found that Wiki was used to discuss entrepreneurial concepts and that Facebook was the most common social software in entrepreneurship education. In terms of serious games, FLYGBY and SimVenture facilitated the gamification and enjoyment of entrepreneurship activities the most. Finally, as Massive Open Online Courses platform, Coursera offers plenty of/online entrepreneurship education courses. In a nutshell, in online and blended entrepreneurship education, social media was utilized to facilitate cooperation amongst participants; serious games were used to enhance students’ enjoyment and engagement; and Massive Open Online Courses provided a platform as well as high-quality learning resources, anywhere anytime. Hence, each technology has advantages and challenges when we apply it to entrepreneurship education. We conclude that instructors and learners need to successfully compare and choose the most appropriate combination of technologies to achieve entrepreneurial course aims.
Alternative space definitions for P systems with active membranes
Authors: Alhazov Artiom , Leporati Alberto , Manzoni Luca , Mauri Giancarlo , Zandron Claudio 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe first definition of space complexity for P systems was based on a hypothetical real implementation by means of biochemical materials, and thus it assumes that every single object or membrane requires some constant physical space. This is equivalent to using a unary encoding to represent multiplicities for each object and membrane. A different approach can also be considered, having in mind an implementation of P systems in silico; in this case, the multiplicity of each object in each membrane can be stored using binary numbers, thus reducing the amount of needed space. In this paper, we give a formal definition for this alternative space complexity measure, we define the corresponding complexity classes and we compare such classes both with standard space complexity classes and with complexity classes defined in the framework of P systems considering the original definition of space.
The Biopolitics of Media Currency: Transforming the Ghana Film Unit into TV3
Authors: Bloom Peter J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article is an examination and extension of concepts that Achille Mbembe presented in his 2016 African Studies Association Abiola Lecture. In particular, “cognitive assemblages” are elaborated upon to consider how a shifting understanding of media has become part of a neoliberal digital media platform promoted by the Ghanaian state in association with Malaysia. Mbembe’s invocation of the “injunction to decolonize” is also discussed through information capture and data mining to consider the extent to which the promise of a digital future is a form of neo-colonialism or an opportunity for an expanded digital commons.
Dazzled by New Media: Mbembe, Tonda, and the Mystic Virtual
Authors: Geschiere Peter 
Published: April 2021

AbstractInspired by Mbembe’s emphasis on plasticity as a hallmark of African forms of knowledge, Geschiere notes the risk that this leads to a celebration of Africanness, sliding into culturalism and identity politics. But Mbembe relates this plasticity also to the continent’s position as the last frontier of capitalism. Such a historical view converges with Joseph Tonda’s work onéblouissement(endazzlement) as a global phenomenon. Everywhere people are now being blinded by an overproduction of images. However, Africans have a long experience of living with multiple realities and “alternative facts.” Is this relevant for dealing with the risk that we all become blinded by the images we ourselves have created?