bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corporate governance, ownership structure and firms’ financial performance: insights from Muscat securities market (MSM30)
Authors: Queiri Abdelbaset , Madbouly Araby , Reyad Sameh , Dwaikat Nizar 
Published: February 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between selected board characteristics and ownership elements and the performance of firms listed in the Muscat Securities Market (MSM30). The examination focused on how the firm financial performance was affected by the board size, the number of board meetings and the ratio of the independent board of directors along to the ownership concentration types (i.e. institutional, state and concentrated individual ownership).

Design/methodology/approach
Data were extracted from the annual reports available online on the MSM30 website over a period of seven years (2009–2015). The sample consisted of 14 firms belonging to the non-financial sector. The data were of a balanced type and there were 98 observations. The analysis was conducted using the ordinary least square in STATA with the use of the robustness technique of standard error.

Findings
The findings of this study provide evidence that the selected elements for board characteristics and ownership influence firm performance. Nevertheless, such influence has its interpretation that differs to some extent from other securities markets in the developing countries. For instance, the ratio of the independent board of directors, the number of board director’s meetings, state ownership and concentrated individual ownership were inversely affecting the firm performance. However, institutional ownership and board size were found to have a positive effect on firm performance.

Originality/value
Studies on the influence of corporate governance and ownership structures in the context of Oman are still scarce. MSM30 received little attention, even though such an index encompasses the most liquid and the most profitable firms. MSM30 is an important index for investors in Oman looking for capital gains. Accordingly, this present study contributes to the knowledge body by providing new findings related to Oman and compares it with the other markets within Gulf Council Countries (GCC) and around the world. This will provide more understanding of the Omani context. Moreover, the authors anticipate that the outcomes of this research, which so far is the most comprehensive study in the Omani context in terms of the impact of corporate governance and ownership structure on firm financial performance can significantly shape corporate governance discourse, practices and policies in Oman, in particular, and in other GCC countries in general, to improve financial performance and corporate sustainability.
Understanding the Processes Underlying Inter‐firm Collaboration: Mutual Forbearance and the Principle of Congruity
Authors: Buckley Peter J. , De Mattos Claudio 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper makes a theoretical innovation by integrating two key principles – mutual forbearance and the principle of congruity – into one general process model. It examines the micro‐mechanisms underlying the formation of a mutual‐forbearance agreement and explicates the role of time and of individual actions. We further understanding of the process of cooperation building by drawing a parallel between early stages of the formation process of mutual forbearance and cooperation, and argue that mutual forbearance may, under certain conditions, lead to long‐term cooperation or, if mismanaged, completely smother any chances of it. A prospective agreement may be put at risk when potential contributions are evaluated differently by each party and no action to mitigate the consequences is taken; even more so in a mutual‐forbearance context when the parties can only observe their counterparts’ actions through the market. Our model takes into account the micro‐mechanisms associated with the time between the actions of one entity/individual (e.g. the top manager) and the reaction of another entity/individual, the boundary conditions of the background to those actions and the alternative actions available during this time. Propositions for further exploration and implications are drawn.
Free ad(vice): internet influencers and disclosure regulation
Authors: Mitchell Matthew 
Published: February 2021

AbstractConsumers rely on intermediaries (“influencers”) such as social media recommendations to provide information about products. The advice may be mixed with endorsement in a way that is unobservable to the follower, creating a trade‐off for influencers between the best advice and the most revenue. This article models the dynamic relationship between an influencer and a follower. The relationship evolves between periods of less and more revenue. The model can provide insight into policies such as the Federal Trade Commission's mandatory disclosure rules. An opt‐in policy may be superior: it deregulates influencers who are reaping the rewards of past good advice.
Variations in Long‐term Opioid Therapy Definitions: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies Using Routinely Collected Data (2000‐2019)
Authors: de Oliveira Costa Juliana , Bruno Claudia , Baranwal Navya , Gisev Natasa , Dobbins Timothy A. , Degenhardt Louisa , Pearson Sallie‐Anne 
Published: February 2021

Routinely collected data have been increasingly used to assess long‐term opioid therapy (LTOT) patterns, with very little guidance on how to measure LTOT from these data sources. We conducted a systematic review of studies published between January 2000 and July 2019 to catalogue LTOT definitions, the rationale for definitions and LTOT rates in observational research using routinely collected data in nonsurgical settings. We screened 4056 abstracts, 210 full‐text manuscripts and included 128 studies, mostly from the United States (81%) and published between 2015 and 2019 (69%). We identified 78 definitions of LTOT, commonly operationalised as 90 days of use within a year (23%). Studies often used multiple criteria to derive definitions (60%), mostly based on measures of duration, such as supply days/days of use (66%), episode length (21%) or prescription fills within specified time periods (12%). Definitions were based on previous publications (63%), clinical judgment (16%) or empirical data (3%); 10% of studies applied more than one definition. LTOT definition was not provided with enough details for replication in 14 studies and 38 studies did not specify the opioids evaluated. Rates of LTOT within study populations ranged from 0.2% to 57% according to study design and definition used. We observed a substantial rise in the last 5 years in studies evaluating LTOT with large variability in the definitions used and poor reporting of the rationale and implementation of definitions. This variation impacts on research reproducibility, comparability of findings and the development of strategies aiming to curb therapy that is not guideline‐recommended.
Epidemiology of drug‐related deaths in European hospitals: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational studies
Authors: Montané Eva , Castells Xavier 
Published: February 2021

AimsTo perform a systematic review of observational studies on the epidemiology of drug‐related death (DRD) in patients requiring hospitalisation or while hospitalised (hospital‐acquired DRD).MethodsWe conducted a systematic review of observational studies investigating the occurrence rate of DRD episodes among deceased inpatients. Two independent researchers assessed eligibility criteria, extracted data and evaluated the risk of bias. Both quality assessment and meta‐analysis were performed.ResultsFrom 1351 identified potential studies, 6 retrospective studies were included. DRD occurrences rates were 7.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.1–12.5) among deceased inpatients and 0.13% (95% CI 0.04–0.40) among hospitalised patients. During hospitalisation, acquired‐DRD represented 2.7% (95% CI 1.0–6.9) of inpatient deaths and occurred in 0.05% (95% CI 0.01–0.23) of hospitalised patients. However, these estimates have to be viewed with caution because there was significant heterogeneity (I2 > 97%). None of the studies were considered to be at high risk of bias according to the criteria of the NIH Quality Assessment Tool. The most common adverse drug reactions related to death were haemorrhages due to antithrombotic drugs (39%, 95% CI 26.5–53.2) and infections in drug‐immunosuppressed patients (27.5%, 95% CI 16.7–41.7).ConclusionWe found that the DRD occurrence rate of deceased hospital inpatients has been infrequently studied in Europe. Our findings suggest that drugs are an important cause of death in hospitals. The limited number of studies in European countries stresses the need for more research in this area.
Thermal exposure of implant osteotomies and its impact on osseointegration—A preclinical in vivo study
Authors: Heuzeroth Raphael , Pippenger Benjamin E. , Sandgren Rebecca , Bellón Benjamin , Kühl Sebastian 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectivesThermal and mechanical stresses during osteotomy preparation can impair implant osseointegration. This study investigated implant osseointegration following the measurement of temperature exposure during osteotomy drilling, varying drill design, sequence, and drill wear.Materials and methods36 tapered implants were placed in a mandibular minipig model after guided drilling of implant osteotomies using 4 different groups: (1) control drills with a conservative, sequential drilling sequence, (2) control drills using a shortened drill sequence (PF), (3) novel test drill displaying an optimized drill design and surface treatment, PF, and (4) aged test drill, PF. Intraosseous temperatures during drilling were measured using a temperature probe. BIC, fBIC, and tissue reactions were histomorphometrically derived after 2 and 8 weeks of healing.ResultsCompared to control drills (1) or (2), test drills (3) resulted in significantly lower maximum temperatures ((35.4 (CI 30.2–40.5)°C vs. (46.5 (CI 41.0–52.0)°C, p = .0021)) and shorter drill times ((4.5 (CI 1.6–7.3)sec vs. 10.3 (7.3–13.4)sec). Lower osteotomy temperature values and shorter drill times corroborated with significantly higher BIC after 2 and 8 weeks healing for the test (3) compared to control groups (2) (2 weeks: (44.9 (CI 34.1–55. 7)% vs. (31.3 (CI 20.5–42.2)%, p = <.0001 and 8 weeks: (73.7 ( CI 64.2–83.2)% vs. (66.2 (CI 57.0–75.4)%, p = <.0455).ConclusionThe improved osseointegration of implants placed after osteotomy preparation with novel test drills using a shortened drill sequence compared to standard drills and conventional drill protocols might be attributed to more favorable thermal profiles and less mechanical stress exerted on the bone surrounding the implant osteotomy.
Seating accuracy of implant immediate provisional prostheses fabricated by digital workflow prior to implant placement by fully guided static computer‐assisted implant surgery: An in vitro study
Authors: Abduo Jaafar , Lau Douglas 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectivesEvaluation of seating accuracy of implant immediate provisional prostheses fabricated prior to fully guided static computer‐assisted implant surgery (sCAIS).Materials and MethodsTwo maxillary training models were used to plan for single anterior (S‐Ant) and single posterior (S‐Post) implant prostheses, and a bridge (B) spanning from an anterior implant (B‐Ant) to a posterior implant (B‐Post). A commercial software was used to plan the implant location, design the surgical guides and design the provisional prostheses. The master models with the provisional prostheses were scanned to generate virtual master models. For each maxillary model, a total of 10 guides and 10 surgical models were produced. Following implant placements in each surgical model, the provisional prostheses were attached to the implants and were scanned to produce virtual surgical models. The virtual master and surgical models were superimposed to measure the vertical error, the proximal contact error and the proximal contact quality.ResultsThe vertical error was greatest for the S‐Post (0.41 mm), followed by B‐Post (0.29 mm), B‐Ant (0.26 mm) and S‐Ant (0.21 mm). There was no significant difference in vertical errors among the prostheses. For the proximal contact, the S‐Ant had significantly greater error (0.45 mm ‐ 0.46 mm) than S‐Post (0.15 mm) and B (0.09 mm ‐ 0.15 mm). A similar pattern was observed for proximal contact quality.ConclusionsAll prostheses were associated with errors vertically and at the proximal contacts. Therefore, the clinicians who plan to use this workflow should be prepared to adjust the prosthesis after implant insertion.
The origination and distribution of money market instruments: sterling bills of exchange during the first globalization†
Authors: Accominotti Olivier , Lucena‐Piquero Delio , Ugolini Stefano 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis article presents a detailed analysis of how liquid money market instruments—sterling bills of exchange—were produced during the first globalization. We rely on a unique dataset that reports systematic information on all 23,493 bills re‐discounted by the Bank of England in the year 1906. Using descriptive statistics and network analysis, we reconstruct the complete network of linkages between agents involved in the origination and distribution of these bills. Our analysis reveals the truly global nature of the London bill market before the First World War and underscores the crucial role played by London intermediaries (acceptors and discounters) in overcoming information asymmetries between borrowers and lenders on this market. The complex industrial organization of the London money market ensured that risky private debts could be transformed into extremely liquid and safe monetary instruments traded throughout the global financial system.
Evaluation of patient engagement in medicine development: A multi‐stakeholder framework with metrics
Authors: Vat Lidewij Eva , Finlay Teresa , Robinson Paul , Barbareschi Giorgio , Boudes Mathieu , Diaz Ponce Ana Maria , Dinboeck Michaela , Eichmann Lukas , Ferrer Elisa , Fruytier Sevgi E. , Hey Claudia , Broerse Jacqueline E. W. , Schuitmaker‐Warnaar Tjerk Jan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatient engagement is becoming more customary in medicine development. However, embedding it in organizational decision‐making remains challenging, partly due to lack of agreement on its value and the means to evaluate it. The objective of this project was to develop a monitoring and evaluation framework, with metrics, to demonstrate impact and enhance learning.MethodsA consortium of five patient groups, 15 biopharmaceutical companies and two academic groups iteratively created a framework in a multi‐phase participatory process, including analysis of its application in 24 cases.ResultsThe framework includes six components, with 87 metrics and 15 context factors distributed among (sub)components: (a) Input: expectations, preparations, resources, representativeness of stakeholders; (b) Activities/process: structure, management, interactions, satisfaction; (c) Learnings and changes; (d) Impacts: research relevance, study ethics and inclusiveness, study quality and efficiency, quality of evidence and uptake of products, empowerment, reputation and trust, embedding of patient engagement; (e) Context: policy, institutional, community, decision‐making contextual factors. Case study findings show a wide variation in use of metrics. There is no ‘one size fits all’ set of metrics appropriate for every initiative or organization. Presented sample sets of metrics can be tailored to individual situations.ConclusionIntroducing change into any process is best done when the value of that change is clear. This framework allows participants to select what metrics they value and assess to what extent patient engagement has contributed.Patient contributionFive patient groups were involved in all phases of the study (design, conduct, interpretation of data) and in writing the manuscript.
Dysplasia and carcinoma of the gallbladder: pathological evaluation, sampling, differential diagnosis and clinical implications
Authors: Roa Juan C , Basturk Olca , Adsay Volkan 
Published: February 2021

Pathological evaluation of gallbladder neoplasia remains a challenge. A significant proportion of cases presents as clinically and grossly inapparent lesions, and grossing protocols are not well established. Among epithelial alterations, pseudo‐pyloric gland metaplasia is ubiquitous and of no apparent consequence, whereas goblet cell metaplasia and a foveolar change in surface cells require closer attention. Low‐grade dysplasia is difficult to objectively define and appears to be clinically inconsequential by itself; however, extra sampling is required to exclude the possibility of accompanying more significant lesions. For high‐grade dysplasia (‘high‐grade BilIN’, also known as ‘carcinoma in situ’), a complete sampling is necessary to rule out invasion. Designating in‐situ or minimally invasive carcinomas limited to muscularis or above as early gallbladder carcinoma (EGBC) helps to alleviate the major geographical differences (West/East) in the criteria for ‘invasiveness’ to assign a case to pTis or pT1. Total sampling is crucial in proper diagnosis of such cases. A subset of invasive GBCs (5–10%) arise from the intracholecystic neoplasm (ICN, ‘adenoma‐carcinoma sequence’) category. Approximately two‐thirds of ICNs have invasive carcinoma. However, this propensity differs by subtype. True ‘pyloric gland adenomas’ (> 1 cm) are uncommon and scarcely associated with invasive carcinoma. A distinct subtype of ICN composed of tubular, non‐mucinous MUC6+ glands [intracholecystic tubular non‐mucinous neoplasm (ICTN)] forms a localised pedunculated polyp. Although it is morphologically complex and high‐grade, it appears to be invasion‐resistant. Some of the invasive carcinoma types in the gallbladder have been better characterised recently with adenosquamous, neuroendocrine, poorly cohesive and mucinous carcinomas often being more advanced and aggressive.
It's a little bit like prison, but not that much: Aboriginal women's experiences of an acute mental health inpatient unit.
Authors: Bradley Patricia , Lowell Anne , Daiyi Cherise , Macklin Karen , Nagel Tricia , Dunn Sandra 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis research aimed to gain an understanding of the acute mental health inpatient experience as described by Aboriginal women during admission. It recorded for the first time the words of Aboriginal women within the inpatient unit, including their perceptions of factors which may promote or impede a culturally safe environment. Eleven Aboriginal women inpatients gave interviews before discharge from the inpatient unit. Five Aboriginal Reference Group (ARG) members with experience of the inpatient unit also gave interviews, adding ‘insider–outsider’ perspectives. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, entered into NVivo software, and analysed inductively to raise codes and develop themes. Five interconnecting themes emerged: Social Context: life experience preceding, shaping, and following admission; Connection: with kin, community, and culture. Control: self‐determination, legally and physically curtailed; Caring: actions promoting reconnection and self‐determination; Communication: conveying caring and supporting agency, reconnection, and return to community. Findings reflected inpatient issues reported in previous studies, adding insights into the cultural concerns of Aboriginal women and offering practical clinical implications for culturally secure service delivery in an inpatient setting. Existing literature offered a basis for developing the model offered here for transcultural interaction for recovery in an inpatient setting. Attention to these findings can enhance Aboriginal women's inpatient experience and promote further research. The article complies with the COREQ‐32 checklist for describing qualitative studies.
Does cross‐border acquisition reduce earnings management of emerging market acquirers? Evidence from India
Authors: Valiya Purayil Priyesh , Lukose P. J. Jijo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCross‐border acquisitions by emerging market firms have been increasing at an accelerated pace. The present study examines the impact of cross‐border acquisition on the earnings manipulation of emerging market firms by analyzing the cross‐border deals from India during the period 2000–2015. Using two proxies for earnings management, we find that cross‐border acquisition reduces the incentive to manipulate earnings by way of accruals, but not via real economic transactions. Further, cross‐sectional tests reveal that the incentive to reduce accrual earnings manipulation is more pronounced when the acquisition is made in countries with a strong corporate governance structure. Additional analysis indicates that acquisition results in increased earnings response coefficient for the acquirer firms relative to the control firms. Our finding is robust even after controlling for cross‐listing and endogeneity associated with cross‐border acquisition decision. The results have implications for the literature on the spillover of financial reporting practices across countries due to cross‐border business activities, especially in the context of emerging markets, which are known for their weak investor protection and underdeveloped institutional environment.
Toward More Accurate Measures of Family Structure: Accounting for Sibling Complexity
Authors: Sanner Caroline , Jensen Todd M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this article, we argue that accounting for sibling complexity is a necessary step toward more accurate assessments of family structure. First, we argue that current conceptualizations of family structure are rooted in (and reinforce) Eurocentric definitions of family, and we highlight contradictions between family theory and measurements of family structure. Second, we discuss the prevalence of diverse sibling compositions in families and show the informative value of accounting for sibling complexity. Third, we explore the barriers to accounting for sibling structure by evaluating the extent to which complex sibling compositions are captured in publicly available secondary datasets recently used to study families. Finally, we consider both theoretical and methodological implications of failing to account for sibling complexity in family research and offer recommendations for future data collection efforts.
Mesophyll photosynthetic sensitivity to leaf water potential in Eucalyptus: a new dimension of plant adaptation to native moisture supply
Authors: Salvi Amanda M. , Smith Duncan D. , Adams Mark A. , McCulloh Katherine A. , Givnish Thomas J. 
Published: February 2021

Summary

Photosynthetic sensitivity to drought is a fundamental constraint on land‐plant evolution and ecosystem function. However, little is known about how the sensitivity of photosynthesis to nonstomatal limitations varies among species in the context of phylogenetic relationships.

Using saplings of 10 Eucalyptus species, we measured maximum CO2‐saturated photosynthesis using A–ci curves at several different leaf water potentials (ψleaf) to quantify mesophyll photosynthetic sensitivity to ψleaf (MPS), a measure of how rapidly nonstomatal limitations to carbon uptake increase with declining ψleaf. MPS was compared to the macroclimatic moisture availability of the species’ native habitats, while accounting for phylogenetic relationships.

We found that species native to mesic habitats have greater MPS but higher maximum photosynthetic rates during non‐water‐stressed conditions, revealing a trade‐off between maximum photosynthesis and drought sensitivity. Species with lower turgor loss points have lower MPS, indicating coordination among photosynthetic and water‐relations traits.

By accounting for phylogenetic relationships among closely related species, we provide the first compelling evidence that MPS in Eucalyptus evolved in an adaptive fashion with climatically determined moisture availability, opening the way for further study of this poorly explored dimension of plant adaptation to drought.