bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Metabolic Regimes at the Scale of an Entire Stream Network Unveiled Through Sensor Data and Machine Learning
Authors: Segatto Pier Luigi , Battin Tom J. , Bertuzzo Enrico 
Published: April 2021

AbstractStreams and rivers form dense networks that drain the terrestrial landscape and are relevant for biodiversity dynamics, ecosystem functioning, and transport and transformation of carbon. Yet, resolving in both space and time gross primary production (GPP), ecosystem respiration (ER) and net ecosystem production (NEP) at the scale of entire stream networks has been elusive so far. Here, combining Random Forest (RF) with time series of sensor data in 12 reach sites, we predicted annual regimes of GPP, ER, and NEP in 292 individual stream reaches and disclosed properties emerging from the network they form. We further predicted available light and thermal regimes for the entire network and expanded the library of stream metabolism predictors. We found that the annual network-scale metabolism was heterotrophic yet with a clear peak of autotrophy in spring. In agreement with the River Continuum Concept, small headwaters and larger downstream reaches contributed 16% and 60%, respectively, to the annual network-scale GPP. Our results suggest that ER rather than GPP drives the metabolic stability at the network scale, which is likely attributable to the buffering function of the streambed for ER, while GPP is more susceptible to flow-induced disturbance and fluctuations in light availability. Furthermore, we found large terrestrial subsidies fueling ER, pointing to an unexpectedly high network-scale level of heterotrophy, otherwise masked by simply considering reach-scale NEP estimations. Our machine learning approach sheds new light on the spatiotemporal dynamics of ecosystem metabolism at the network scale, which is a prerequisite to integrate aquatic and terrestrial carbon cycling at relevant scales.
Der Ost-West-Produktivitätsunterschied: Was sagt die mikroökonomische Forschung?
Authors: Müller Steffen 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungLaut Volkswirtschaftlicher Gesamtrechnung erreicht die ostdeutsche Wirtschaft auch 30 Jahre nach dem Fall des Eisernen Vorhangs nur 80 % der westdeutschen Arbeitsproduktivität. Dieser Unterschied in der gesamtwirtschaftlichen Arbeitsproduktivität geht Hand in Hand mit vielen der wirtschaftlichen und gesellschaftlichen Probleme, denen Ostdeutschland heute gegenübersteht. Um die Ursachen des aggregierten Produktivitätsgefälles zu verstehen, wird die neuere Literatur zum Ost-West-Gefälle diskutiert, die granulare Daten auf Firmen- und Produktebene verwendet. Die Evidenz zeigt die Relevanz von Produktivitätsunterschieden auf Firmenebene für die aggregierte Lücke deutlich und stellt gängige Hypothesen infrage, die aus aggregierten Daten abgeleitet werden.
Genome-based classification of the Streptomyces violaceusniger clade and description of Streptomyces sabulosicollis sp. nov. from an Indonesian sand dune
Authors: Kusuma Ali B. , Nouioui Imen , Goodfellow Michael 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA polyphasic study was designed to determine the taxonomic provenance of a strain, isolate PRKS01-29T, recovered from an Indonesian sand dune and provisionally assigned to the Streptomyces violaceusniger clade. Genomic, genotypic and phenotypic data confirmed this classification. The isolate formed an extensively branched substrate mycelium which carried aerial hyphae that differentiated into spiral chains of rugose ornamented spores, contained LL-as the wall diaminopimelic acid, MK-9 (H6, H8) as predominant isoprenologues, phosphatidylethanolamine as the diagnostic phospholipid and major proportions of saturated, iso- and anteiso- fatty acids. Whole-genome sequences generated for the isolate and Streptomyces albiflaviniger DSM 41598T and Streptomyces javensis DSM 41764T were compared with phylogenetically closely related strains, the isolate formed a branch within the S. violaceusniger clade in the resultant phylogenomic tree. Whole-genome sequences data showed that isolate PRKS01-29T was most closely related to the S. albiflaviniger strain but was distinguished from the latter and from other members of the clade using combinations of phenotypic properties and average nucleotide identity and digital DNA:DNA hybridization scores. Consequently, it is proposed that isolate PRKS01-29T (= CCMM B1303T = ICEBB-02T = NCIMB 15210T) should be classified in the genus Streptomyces as Streptomyces sabulosicollis sp. nov. It is also clear that streptomycetes which produce spiral chains of rugose ornamented spores form a well-defined monophyletic clade in the Streptomyces phylogenomic tree., the taxonomic status of which requires further study. The genome of the type strain of S. sabulosicollis contains biosynthetic gene clusters predicted to produce new natural products.
The maturity index for Uropodina (Acari: Mesostigmata) communities as an indicator of human-caused disturbance in selected forest complexes of Poland
Authors: Napierała Agnieszka , Błoszyk Jerzy 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe necessity of monitoring changes occurring in soil compels us to look for new methods that will allow easy and precise evaluation of the soil quality in a given area. One proposed method is the maturity index (MI) – an index that is based on the distribution of species along the r-to-K continuum in examined populations. In this study, mites from the suborder Uropodina (Acari: Mesostigmata) were examined for their appropriateness in MI-based assessments of soil quality. The first aim of the study was to establish the criteria on the basis of which the evaluation of the r-to-K reproductive strategies was conducted for Uropodina in the examined communities. The second aim was to evaluate the performance of the maturity index of communities of Uropodina as indicator of human-caused disturbance in five areas that are legally protected in Poland. The selected areas were: Białowieża Primeval Forest, Gorce National Park, and three nature reserves: Jakubowo, Las Grądowy nad Mogilnicą, and Cisy Staropolskie im. Leona Wyczółkowskiego. We found that as many as 68 out of the 96 analyzed Uropodina species in Poland are K-stategists. The highest values of the maturity index were recorded for the nature reserves Cisy Staropolskie im. Leona Wyczółkowskiego and the Białowieża Primeval Forest.
Stanniocalcin-2 promotes cell EMT and glycolysis via activating ITGB2/FAK/SOX6 signaling pathway in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Li Jingquan , Zhang Zihao , Feng Xu , Shen Zhuqing , Sun Ji , Zhang Xiuwen , Bu Fengjiao , Xu Midie , Tan Cong , Wang Ziliang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractStanniocalcin-2 (STC2) has been proved to regulate a variety of signaling pathways including cell growth, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. However, the role of STC2 in the regulation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the regulatory function of STC2 on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and glycolysis traits in NPC and revealed the underlying molecular mechanisms. We found that STC2 was highly expressed in primary nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues and lymph node metastatic tissues. Silencing of STC2 inhibited cell proliferation, invasion, and glycolysis. Further analyses for the clinical samples demonstrated that STC2 expression was associated with the poor clinical progression. Moreover, we demonstrated the interaction of ITGB2 with STC2 and its involvement in STC2-mediated ITGB2/FAK/SOX6 axis. Collectively, our results provide new insights into understanding the regulatory mechanism of STC2 and suggest that the STC2/ITGB2/FAK/SOX6 signaling axis may be a potential therapeutic target for NPC.
Contagion of Temporal Discounting Value Preferences in Neurotypical and Autistic Adults
Authors: Thomas Louisa , Lockwood Patricia L. , Garvert Mona M. , Balsters Joshua H. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNeuroeconomics paradigms have demonstrated that learning about another’s beliefs can make you more like them (i.e., contagion). Due to social deficits in autism, it is possible that autistic individuals will be immune to contagion. We fit Bayesian computational models to a temporal discounting task, where participants made decisions for themselves before and after learning the distinct preferences of two others. Two independent neurotypical samples (N = 48; N = 98) both showed a significant contagion effect; however the strength of contagion was unrelated to autistic traits. Equivalence tests showed autistic (N = 12) and matched neurotypical N = 12) samples had similar levels of contagion and accuracy when learning about others. Despite social impairments being at the core of autistic symptomatology, contagion of value preferences appears to be intact.
Automated segmentation and quantitative analysis of optic disc and fovea in fundus images
Authors: Kim Ga Young , Lee Sang Hyeok , Kim Sung Min 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFundus image is widely used diagnosis method and involves the retinal tissues which can be important biomarkers for diagnosing diseases. Many studies have proposed automatic algorithms to detect the optic disc (OD) and fovea. However, they showed some limitations. Although the precise regions of retinal tissues are clinically important, most of these studies focused on the localization not the segmentation. Also, they did not sufficiently prove the clinical effectiveness of the methods using quantitative analysis. Furthermore, many of them have researched about the single retinal tissue. To compensate for these limitations, this study proposed automated segmentation method for both of the OD and fovea. In this study, the dataset was acquired from the DRIVE and Drions databases, and additional ground truth dataset was obtained from an ophthalmologist. The original fundus image was preprocessed to remove noise and enhance contrast. And the retinal vessel was segmented to use for the OD and fovea segmentation. In the OD and fovea segmentation step, a region of interest was designated based on the image features to increase the segmentation accuracy. To segment the OD, the retinal vessel was removed and substituted based on the intensity value of the four nearest non-vessel pixels. Finally, the OD and fovea regions were segmented based on the image features including intensity, shape and size. The proposed method was evaluated by quantitative analysis using eight methods. As a result, the proposed method showed high segmentation performance for the OD and fovea with accuracy of 99.18 and 99.80 % on the DRIVE database.
An offline parallel architecture for forensic multimedia classification
Authors: Spalazzi Luca , Paolanti Marina , Frontoni Emanuele 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNowadays, the volume of the multimedia heterogeneous evidence presented for digital forensic analysis has significantly increased, thus requiring the application of big data technologies, cloud-based forensics services, as well as Machine Learning (ML) techniques. In digital forensics domain, ML algorithms have been applied for cybercrime investigation such as child abuse investigations, malware classification, and image forensics. This paper addresses this issues and deals with forensic analysis of digital images and videos. In particular, this work aims at proposing a multimedia classification tool with a parallel software architecture for a fast inspection, which is easy to use (to be used by officers during a search), requires limited hardware resources and it is built on an open-source software to limit its costs. Moreover, this tool must be able to quickly inspect multiple devices at a time. When positives are found in a device, such device will be seized for a deeper analysis later in the lab. It will not be seized otherwise, reducing the inconvenience for the suspect as well as the time required for the next analysis phase. As a case study, we focus on the identification of child pornography images. Experimental results show that the proposed architecture is capable of guaranteeing a high recall, a fast process and high performances in real scenarios.
Global solution of constrained min-max problems with inflationary differential evolution
Authors: Filippi Gianluca , Vasile Massimiliano 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper proposes a method for the solution of constrained min-max problems. The method is tested on a benchmark of representative problems presenting different structures for the objective function and the constraints. The particular min-max problem addressed in this paper finds application in optimisation under uncertainty when the constraints need to be satisfied for all possible realisations of the uncertain quantities. Hence, the algorithm proposed in this paper search for solutions that minimise the worst possible outcome for the objective function due to the uncertainty while satisfying the constraint functions in all possible scenarios. A constraint relaxation and a scalarisation procedure are also introduced to trade-off between objective optimality and constraint satisfaction when no feasible solutions can be found.
Can a Systemic-Phenomenological Teacher Professional Development Program Enhance Awareness of Intuitions and Serve Pedagogical Tact?
Authors: Sipman Gerbert , Thölke Jürg , Martens Rob , McKenney Susan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn all levels of education, teachers’ abilities to deal with complex classroom situations in split-seconds concerns pedagogical tact, a crucial quality which relies, in part, on intuition. Developing the ability to appropriately handle the complexity of classroom situations requires a systemic approach. This study aimed to explore the experiences in and effects of a systemic-phenomenological professional development program for enhancing teacher abilities to handle complex (classroom) situations through conscious attention for intuition. In the present study, 64 teachers from primary, secondary, and higher education participated in a 12 week professional development program featuring systemic-phenomenological exercises, such as meditations and embodied simulations. By increasing understanding of the complexity of social systems and sensitizing awareness of intuitive signals, the program aimed to improve teachers’ use of intuition, and through that, their handling of classroom situations. Data were gathered through participant reflection logs and focus group discussions, which were analysed both deductively and inductively. The findings suggest that the program helped heighten teacher awareness of intuitions, and individual awareness in the classroom, yielding positive effects on teacher abilities to take appropriate split-second action in complex classroom situations. While further research is needed, the results of this study include practices for enhancing teacher awareness of intuition through systemic-phenomenological exercises which proved to be promising, and a taxonomy of effects related to pedagogical tact in the classroom.
Comprehensive analytical and structural characteristics of methyl 3,3-dimethyl-2-(1-(pent-4-en-1-yl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamido)butanoate (MDMB-4en-PINACA)
Authors: Dybowski Michal P. , Holowinski Piotr , Typek Rafal , Dawidowicz Andrzej L. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of the study was to evaluate a complete analytical and structural characterization of methyl 3,3-dimethyl-2-(1-(pent-4-en-1-yl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamido)butanoate (MDMB-4en-PINACA), a novel synthetic cannabinoid being the analogue of 5F-ADB.

Methods
The compound was analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), high-resolution liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS), X-ray diffraction and spectroscopic methods, such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies. To derive MDMB-4en-PINACA molecular geometry and to assign infrared absorption bands, quantum calculations with the employment of density functional theory were also used.

Results
We present a wide range of chromatographic and spectroscopic data supported with theoretical calculations allowing to identify MDMB-4en-PINACA.

Conclusions
To our knowledge, this is the first report presenting a comprehensive analytical and structural characterization of MDMB-4en-PINACA obtained by 1D and 2D NMR, GC–MS, LC–MS(/MS), attenuated total reflection-FTIR spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction and quantum chemical calculations. The presented results not only broaden the knowledge about this psychoactive substance but also are useful for forensic and clinical purposes.
Homeschooling during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: the role of students’ trait self-regulation and task attributes of daily learning tasks for students’ daily self-regulation
Authors: Blume Friederike , Schmidt Andrea , Kramer Andrea C. , Schmiedek Florian , Neubauer Andreas B. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAs a means to counter the SARS-CoV‑2 pandemic, schools were closed throughout Germany between mid-March and end of April 2020. Schooling was translocated to the students’ homes where students were supposed to work on learning tasks provided by their teachers. Students’ self-regulation and attributes of the learning tasks may be assumed to have played important roles when adapting to this novel schooling situation. They may be predicted to have influenced students’ daily self-regulation and hence the independence with which they worked on learning tasks. The present work investigated the role of students’ trait self-regulation as well as task difficulty and task enjoyment for students’ daily independence from their parents in learning during the homeschooling period. Data on children’s trait self-regulation were obtained through a baseline questionnaire filled in by the parents of 535 children (Mage = 9.69,SDage = 2.80). Parents additionally reported about the daily task difficulty, task enjoyment, and students’ learning independence through 21 consecutive daily online questionnaires. The results showed students’ trait self-regulation to be positively associated with their daily learning independence. Additionally, students’ daily learning independence was shown to be negatively associated with task difficulty and positively with task enjoyment. The findings are discussed with regard to students’ daily self-regulation during the homeschooling period. Finally, implications for teaching practice during the pandemic-related school closures are derived.
Modelling the Nucleation, Growth and Agglomeration of Alumina Inclusions in Molten Steel by Combining Kampmann–Wagner Numerical Model with Particle Size Grouping Method
Authors: Shu Qifeng , Alatarvas Tuomas , Visuri Ville-Valtteri , Fabritius Timo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRecent inclusion models are mainly focused on the compositional evolution of inclusion, steel and slag. Due to the importance of inclusion size distribution to steel properties, the evolution of inclusion size distributions should also be accounted for. As the first step to establish a model to predict the evolution of inclusion size distribution, the nucleation, growth and removal of alumina inclusions in molten steel were modeled by combining Kampmann and Wagner numerical model for nucleation, growth and coarsening with particle size grouping method. The model could simulate the time evolution of the size distribution of alumina inclusions after aluminum de-oxidation. The model was validated by using the experimental size distribution data of alumina inclusions available in the literature. The model calculation results were also compared with previous simulation results. The influences of interfacial tension between steel and inclusion and diffusion coefficient on the calculated inclusion size distribution were investigated. As interfacial tension between steel and alumina increases, the maximum number density decreases and the peak value of radius increases. As diffusion coefficient increases, the maximum number density decreases and the peak-value radius increases. The calculated size distribution curves showed a change from log normal to fractal, which is due to the change of dominating mechanisms for crystal growth and agglomeration.
The processing of visual food cues during bitter aftertaste perception in females with high vs. low disgust propensity: an fMRI study
Authors: Schienle Anne , Wabnegger Albert 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAn extremely bitter taste can signal food spoilage, and therefore typically elicits disgust. The present cross-modal functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment investigated whether the personality trait ‘disgust propensity’ (DP; temporally stable tendency to experience disgust across different situations) has an influence on the processing of visual food cues during bitter aftertaste perception. Thirty females with high DP and 30 females with low DP viewed images depicting sweet food (e.g., cakes, ice cream) and vegetables, once in combination with an extremely bitter aftertaste (concentrated wormwood tea), and once with a neutral taste (water). Females highly prone to disgust (compared to low disgust-prone females) showed increased activity in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and increased mPFC-insula connectivity when presented with the mismatch of a bitter aftertaste and visual cues of sweet food. The ACC is involved in conflict monitoring and is strongly interconnected with insular areas. This connection plays a critical role in awareness of changes in homeostatic states. Our findings indicate that the personality trait DP is associated with cross-modal integration processes of disgust-relevant information. Females high in DP were more alert to food-related sensory mismatch (pleasant visual features, aversive taste) than females low in DP.
The impact of naphthalimide derivative on the mitigation of mild steel corrosion in sulfamic acid medium: experimental and theoretical insights
Authors: Bhatt Yash , Kumari Preethi , Sunil Dhanya , Rao Suma A. , Shetty Prakasha , Kagatikar Sneha 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe deterioration of iron-based alloys, especially mild steel (MS) is one amongst the most challenging problems faced in various chemical industries. The present work focuses on the potential activity of a naphthalimide derivative namely 2-(2-hydroxyethyl)benzo[de]isoquinoline-1,3-dione (HBIQ) as corrosion inhibitor for MS in sulfamic acid (SA) medium in the temperature range from 303 to 323 K. Potentiodynamic polarization (PP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were employed in the experimental measurement and HBIQ exhibited 89% inhibition at its optimum concentration. HBIQ demonstrated electrostatic interactions with MS surface and behaved as a mixed type of inhibitor by obeying Langmuir’s isotherm model. Surface characterization of uninhibited and inhibited MS specimens combined with elemental analysis data provided clear evidences for the formation of a protective adsorption layer of HBIQ on MS surface. Spectral analysis such as Ultraviolet visible and Fourier Transform Infra-red spectral analyses were carried out in order to confirm the adsorption of HBIQ on to the metal surface. The density functional theory calculations supported the experimental results and indicated the contribution of delocalized π-electrons in the naphthalimide unit and the lone-pair electrons of oxygen in the carbonyl and hydroxyl group for improved adsorption of HBIQ onto MS surface, thereby reducing the corrosion of the alloy in SA environment.Graphic abstract