bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self-Reported Satisfaction of Older Adult Residents in Nursing Homes: Development of a Conceptual Framework
Authors: Bhattacharyya Kallol Kumar , Molinari Victor , Hyer Kathryn 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Resident satisfaction is an integral part of nursing home (NH) quality of care. However, there is no uniform categorization framework to classify the self-reported satisfaction of older adult residents in NHs. This scoping review systematically investigated the studies reporting data on older residents’ satisfaction to evaluate the quality of NH service and to create a conceptual model for older residents’ satisfaction.

Research Design and Methods
We used Donabedian’s structure–process–outcome model as a theoretical framework. In 3 electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL), potential studies were searched using specific inclusion criteria identifying original studies that investigated older adult residents’ satisfaction in NHs.

Results
Fifteen studies, including 264,133 residents and 15,577 NHs, were selected for this review. Although a wide variety of resident satisfaction measures were used in the included studies, all these indicators reflect 5 primary domains: psychological, clinical, social, environmental, and spiritual, with the common focus of improving the quality of life of residents. Though technical competence is a fundamental aspect of health care service, we found autonomy, environment, meaningful activities, and interpersonal quality of professionals as the most important predictors for the resident’s satisfaction.

Discussion and Implications
The current review has synthesized a broad range of satisfaction measures, which will help future researchers and policymakers provide guidance for further improvement of NH care services and as a heuristic device to spur research. Additional research is needed to apply this conceptual framework for comparisons of self-reported resident satisfaction in other institutional settings across countries.
Accelerating Biological Insight for Understudied Genes
Authors: Reynolds Kimberly A , Rosa-Molinar Eduardo , Ward Robert E , Zhang Hongbin , Urbanowicz Breeanna R , Settles A Mark 
Published: May 2021

Synopsis
The rapid expansion of genome sequence data is increasing the discovery of protein-coding genes across all domains of life. Annotating these genes with reliable functional information is necessary to understand evolution, to define the full biochemical space accessed by nature, and to identify target genes for biotechnology improvements. The majority of proteins are annotated based on sequence conservation with no specific biological, biochemical, genetic, or cellular function identified. Recent technical advances throughout the biological sciences enable experimental research on these understudied protein-coding genes in a broader collection of species. However, scientists have incentives and biases to continue focusing on well documented genes within their preferred model organism. This perspective suggests a research model that seeks to break historic silos of research bias by enabling interdisciplinary teams to accelerate biological functional annotation. We propose an initiative to develop coordinated projects of collaborating evolutionary biologists, cell biologists, geneticists, and biochemists that will focus on subsets of target genes in multiple model organisms. Concurrent analysis in multiple organisms takes advantage of evolutionary divergence and selection, which causes individual species to be better suited as experimental models for specific genes. Most importantly, multisystem approaches would encourage transdisciplinary critical thinking and hypothesis testing that is inherently slow in current biological research.
Beyond Cognitive Templates: Re-Examining Template Metaphors Used for Animal Recognition and Navigation
Authors: Sung Jenny Y , Harris Olivia K , Hensley Nicholai M , Chemero Anthony P , Morehouse Nathan I 
Published: May 2021

SynopsisThe term “cognitive template” originated from work in human-based cognitive science to describe a literal, stored, neural representation used in recognition tasks. As the study of cognition has expanded to nonhuman animals, the term has diffused to describe a wider range of animal cognitive tools and strategies that guide action through the recognition of and discrimination between external states. One potential reason for this nonstandardized meaning and variable employment is that researchers interested in the broad range of animal recognition tasks enjoy the simplicity of the cognitive template concept and have allowed it to become shorthand for many dissimilar or unknown neural processes without deep scrutiny of how this metaphor might comport with underlying neurophysiology. We review the functional evidence for cognitive templates in fields such as perception, navigation, communication, and learning, highlighting any neural correlates identified by these studies. We find that the concept of cognitive templates has facilitated valuable exploration at the interface between animal behavior and cognition, but the quest for a literal template has failed to attain mechanistic support at the level of neurophysiology. This may be the result of a misled search for a single physical locus for the “template” itself. We argue that recognition and discrimination processes are best treated as emergent and, as such, may not be physically localized within single structures of the brain. Rather, current evidence suggests that such tasks are accomplished through synergies between multiple distributed processes in animal nervous systems. We thus advocate for researchers to move toward a more ecological, process-oriented conception, especially when discussing the neural underpinnings of recognition-based cognitive tasks.
Intra-horn Penile Intromission in the AlpacaVicugna pacosand Consequences to Genital Morphology
Authors: Brennan Patricia L R , Sterett Maya , DiBuono Mary , Lara Granados Genesis , Klo Kay , Marsden Rebecca , Schleinig Pearl , Tanner Louise , Purdy Stephen 
Published: May 2021

SynopsisCopulatory behavior and genital morphology interact to deliver sperm more effectively during mating, but the nature of this interaction has not been explored in depth in most vertebrates. Alpacas have unusually long copulations lasting 15–20 min, and a unique copulatory behavior, where the penis intromits all the way past the cervix, into the uterine horns. Here we describe the morphology of male and female genitalia and report unique morphological characteristics that may be associated with this unusual insemination mode. Vaginal shape is highly variable, and seemingly not associated with age or parity. The cranial vagina varies between bulbous and cylindrical, while the caudal vagina is typically narrower and always cylindrical. The cervix consists of a series of two to three spirals or rings, and it is often found in a relaxed state that may prevent damage caused by the cartilaginous penis tip as it pushes through the cervix to reach the uterine horns. The uterus and uterine horns have a complex shape with multiple constrictions. The cartilaginous penis tip has a sharp urethral process that may help to push against these constrictions. The diameter of the vaginal lumen is much greater than the diameter of the penis suggesting that there is little direct interaction between them, and that female vaginal shape is not under strong copulatory selection. In effect, the entire female reproductive tract of the female is interacting with the penis during copulation.
Intraspecific and Interspecific Attachment between Cohabitant Dogs and Human Caregivers
Authors: Sipple Nicole , Thielke Lauren , Smith Arden , Vitale Kristyn R , Udell Monique A R 
Published: May 2021

Synopsis
In recent years there has been growing interest in uncovering evolutionary and lifetime factors that may contribute to the domestic dog’s (Canis lupus familiaris) success in anthropogenic environments. The readiness with which dogs form social attachments, their hyper-social focus, and social flexibility have all been areas of investigation. Prior research has demonstrated that many pet dogs form infant-caregiver type attachments toward human caretakers, even into adulthood. However, it is unknown if adult dogs form similar attachment bonds to other species, including cohabitant dogs, or if the dog–human relationship is unique in this respect. In the current study we used the Secure Base Test to evaluate behavioral indicators of stress reduction, proximity seeking and exploration, classifying dog–human and dog–dog dyads into attachment style categories. As in prior studies, we found that the majority of our dog–human dyads met the traditional criteria for infant–caregiver type attachment. However, the majority of dogs did not display this form of attachment toward cohabitant dog partners. Instead, behaviors observed in dog–dog relationships better matched attachment classifications described in human sibling attachment research. Overall, companion dogs were significantly less likely than human caretakers to elicit behaviors associated with attachment security in a focal dog. Dog–human attachment may play a distinct and important role in the success and resilience of adult dogs living in at least some anthropogenic environments. Bonds formed with other adult dogs, while important, likely serve a different function.
Effects of time-area closures on the distribution of snow crab fishing effort with respect to entanglement threat to North Atlantic right whales
Authors: Cole Alexandra K , Brillant Sean W , Boudreau Stephanie A 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTime-area closures are increasingly used to mitigate cetacean entanglement by temporarily excluding fishing effort from areas where high densities of cetaceans and fishing overlap. The effort displaced by these closures can be redistributed to the areas that remain open, changing the distribution and density of fishing effort outside the closures. These patterns were evaluated for the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence snow crab fishery by comparing recent years (2015–2017) with 2018 when time-area closures were implemented to protect North Atlantic right whales. A predictive model framework was created to test how well we could predict the response of fishers to closures. Approximately 29% of the total fishing effort was displaced by the 2018 closures, increasing effort density outside the closures by 41%. Displaced fishing effort shifted farther from the closures than predicted, into areas which, prior to 2018, had low effort density, producing a higher threat of entanglement in these new areas. Fishing effort in 2018 remained as high as 2017, despite a lower quota and reduced trap limit. Consequently, the resulting effects of time-area closures on fishing patterns outside of the closures cannot be discounted if entanglement threat to whales is to be successfully mitigated.
Improving community care for patients discharged from hospital through zone-wide implementation of a seamless care transition policy
Authors: Boora Naveenjyote , Surood Shireen , Coulombe Jeff , Poudel Surya , Agyapong Vincent I O 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Several studies within the psychiatry literature have illustrated the importance of discharge planning and execution, as well as accessibility of outpatient follow-up post-discharge. We report the results of implementing a new seamless care transition policy to expedite post-discharge follow-up in the community Addiction and Mental Health (AMH) program in the Edmonton Zone, Alberta, Canada. The policy involved a distribution mechanism for assessment by a mental health therapist (MHT) within 7 days of discharge as well as a dedicated roster of community psychiatrists to accept newly discharged patients.

Objective
Our aim was to assess the feasibility of this novel policy and to assess its effect on our outcome measures of wait time to first outpatient MHT assessment and re-admission rate to hospital.

Methods
Our study involved a retrospective clinical audit with total sampling design and a comparison of data 1 year before (2015/2016 fiscal year) and 1 year after (2017/2018 fiscal year) the implementation of the seamless care policy within the Edmonton Zone. Extracted data were analyzed with simple descriptive statistics and presented as percentages, mean and median.

Results
Overall, with the enactment of this policy, follow-up volumes ultimately increased, while wait times for initial assessment decreased on average for patients discharged from the hospital. In the 2015/2016 fiscal year, MHT completed 128 assessments of post-discharge patients who were new to the community AMH program compared to 298 completed new assessments for the 2017/2018 fiscal year. The corresponding wait times for the new MHT assessments were 12.7 days (median of 12 days) and 7.8 days (median of 6 days), respectively. Similarly, psychiatrists completed only 59 assessments of post-discharge patients who were new to AMH compared to 133 new psychiatric assessments for the 2017/2018 fiscal year. The corresponding wait times for the new psychiatric assessments were 15.3 days (median of 14 days) and 8.8 days (median of 7 days), respectively. We correspondingly found a slight decline in readmission rates after the implementation of our model in the subsequent fiscal year.

Conclusion
We envision that this policy will set a precedent with regard to streamlining post-discharge follow-up care for admitted inpatients, ultimately improving mental health outcomes for patients.
Bioavailability of the dl-methionine and the calcium salt of dl-methionine hydroxy analog compared with l-methionine for nitrogen retention in starter pigs
Authors: Zhou Hua , Yuan Zhengcai , Chen Daiwen , Wang Huifeng , Shu Yan , Gao Jun , Htoo John Khun , Yu Bing 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Two nitrogen balance studies were conducted to evaluate the relative bioavailability values (RBV) of dl-methionine (dl-Met) and dl-methionine hydroxy analog calcium salt (MHA-Ca) to l-methionine (l-Met) as Met sources fed to pigs. In experiment 1, 42 pigs were assigned to 7 treatments feeding with basal diet (BD) formulated to be deficient in Met (0.22% standardized ileal digestible basis) but adequate in other amino acids. Diets included (1) BD, (2) BD + 0.025% dl-Met, (3) BD + 0.050% dl-Met, (4) BD + 0.075% dl-Met, (5) BD + 0.025% l-Met, (6) BD + 0.050% l-Met, and (7) BD + 0.075% l-Met. Increasing levels of l-Met and dl-Met enhanced N retained (g/d) and N retention (% of intake) linearly (P &lt; 0.01). Using a linear slope ratio procedure, a product-to-product RBV of dl-Met compared with l-Met was 94% (95% confidence limits: 65% to 123%) based on N retained expressed as g/d and 99% (95% confidence limits: 70% to 128%) for N retention expressed as % of intake. In experiment 2, 42 pigs were allotted to 7 treatments in another N-balance trial. Diets included (1) BD, (2) BD + 0.025% l-Met, (3) BD + 0.050% l-Met, (4) BD + 0.075% l-Met, (5) BD + 0.030% MHA-Ca, (6) BD + 0.060% MHA-Ca, and (7) BD + 0.089% MHA-Ca. An increase in dietary inclusion rates of l-Met increased (P &lt; 0.01) N retained (g/d) linearly while increasing levels of MHA-Ca had no effects (P &gt; 0.05) on N retained (g/d) and N retention (% of intake). Using linear slope-ratio regression, the RBV of MHA-Ca compared with l-Met was 70% (95% confidence limits: 59% to 81%) on a product-to-product basis or 83% on equimolar basis based on N retained expressed as g/d. Overall, the mean RBV of dl-Met to l-Met of 97% (95% confidence limits cover 100%) indicated that dl-Met and l-Met are equally bioavailable as Met sources in pigs. Compared with l-Met, the RBV of MHA-Ca was lower at 70% (95% confidence limits: 59% to 81%) on a product-to-product basis or 83% on equimolar basis in starter pigs.
Variant Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Presenting Without Auer Rods Highlights the Need for Correlation with Cytogenetic Data in Leukemia Diagnosis
Authors: Courville Elizabeth L , Shantzer Lindsey , Vitzthum von Eckstaedt Hans Christoph , Mellot Holly , Keng Michael , Sen Jeremy , Morris Amy , Williams Eli , El Chaer Firas 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Variant acute promyelocytic leukemia (vAPL) is a rare leukemia characterized by rearrangement between RARα and a non-PML partner gene. This type of leukemia can be difficult to recognize by histomorphologic evaluation, particularly in patients with few or no Auer rods, and by flow cytometry, but it can be identified by distinct cytogenetic features. Herein, we report on a patient with vAPL with t(11;17)(q23;q21) who presented an initial diagnostic challenge. Detailed flow cytometry findings are presented for this rare entity. Our case study also presents novel treatment (chemotherapy in combination with venetoclax) chosen based on mechanistic data from preclinical studies.
Sula’s Compromise: Toni Morrison and the Editorial Politics of Sensitivity
Authors: Thurman Deborah 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
An accomplished editor in her own right, Toni Morrison made no secret of her dissatisfaction with the editing of Sula (1973), whose opening pages she critiqued as a regrettable concession to white publishers and white readers. Yet despite Morrison’s prominence in recent studies of African American book history, scholars have yet to fully explore how the contested revisions to Sula impact the novel and what they reveal about racially motivated editing practices in mainstream US publishing. This article situates Sula’s publication history as an exemplary archive of editorial conflict, one that illuminates shifting editorial approaches to race in American fiction amid the rise of US multiculturalism. Tracing Morrison’s responses to editorial disputes about Sula and Beloved (1987), this article argues that her career indexes the emergence of racial sensitivity as an editorial concern in contemporary publishing, anticipating contemporary conflicts over formal sensitivity editing as a specialized mode of manuscript review.
A redefinition of the halo boundary leads to a simple yet accurate halo model of large-scale structure
Authors: García Rafael , Rozo Eduardo , Becker Matthew R , More Surhud 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
We present a model for the halo–mass correlation function that explicitly incorporates halo exclusion and allows for a redefinition of the halo boundary in a flexible way. We assume that haloes trace mass in a way that can be described using a single scale-independent bias parameter. However, our model exhibits scale-dependent biasing due to the impact of halo-exclusion, the use of a ‘soft’ (i.e. not infinitely sharp) halo boundary, and differences in the one halo term contributions to ξhm and ξmm. These features naturally lead us to a redefinition of the halo boundary that lies at the ‘by eye’ transition radius from the one-halo to the two-halo term in the halo–mass correlation function. When adopting our proposed definition, our model succeeds in describing the halo–mass correlation function with $\approx 2{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ residuals over the radial range 0.1 h−1 Mpc &lt; r &lt; 80 h−1 Mpc, and for halo masses in the range 1013 h−1 M⊙ &lt; M &lt; 1015 h−1 M⊙. Our proposed halo boundary is related to the splashback radius by a roughly constant multiplicative factor. Taking the 87 percentile as reference we find rt/Rsp ≈ 1.3. Surprisingly, our proposed definition results in halo abundances that are well described by the Press–Schechter mass function with δsc = 1.449 ± 0.004. The clustering bias parameter is offset from the standard background-split prediction by $\approx 10{{\ \rm per\ cent}}\!-\!15{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$. This level of agreement is comparable to that achieved with more standard halo definitions.
Measuring the topology of reionization with Betti numbers
Authors: Giri Sambit K , Mellema Garrelt 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
The distribution of ionized hydrogen during the epoch of reionization (EoR) has a complex morphology. We propose to measure the 3D topology of ionized regions using the Betti numbers. These quantify the topology using the number of components, tunnels, and cavities in any given field. Based on the results for a set of reionization simulations we find that the Betti numbers of the ionization field show a characteristic evolution during reionization, with peaks in the different Betti numbers characterizing different stages of the process. The shapes of their evolutionary curves can be fitted with simple analytical functions. We also observe that the evolution of the Betti numbers shows a clear connection with the percolation of the ionized and neutral regions and differs between different reionization scenarios. Through these properties, the Betti numbers provide a more useful description of the topology than the widely studied Euler characteristic or genus. The morphology of the ionization field will be imprinted on the redshifted 21-cm signal from the EoR. We construct mock image cubes using the properties of the low-frequency element of the future Square Kilometre Array and show that we can extract the Betti numbers from such data sets if an observation time of 1000 h is used. Even for a much shorter observation time of 100 h, some topological information can be extracted for the middle and later stages of reionization. We also find that the topological information extracted from the mock 21-cm observations can put constraints on reionization models.
How baryons can significantly bias cluster count cosmology
Authors: Debackere Stijn N B , Schaye Joop , Hoekstra Henk 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
We quantify two main pathways through which baryonic physics biases cluster count cosmology. We create mock cluster samples that reproduce the baryon content inferred from X-ray observations. We link clusters to their counterparts in a dark matter-only universe, whose abundances can be predicted robustly, by assuming the dark matter density profile is not significantly affected by baryons. We derive weak lensing halo masses and infer the best-fitting cosmological parameters Ωm, S8 = σ8(Ωm/0.3)0.2, and w0 from the mock cluster sample. We find that because of the need to accommodate the change in the density profile due to the ejection of baryons, weak lensing mass calibrations are only unbiased if the concentration is left free when fitting the reduced shear with NFW profiles. However, even unbiased total mass estimates give rise to biased cosmological parameters if the measured mass functions are compared with predictions from dark matter-only simulations. This bias dominates for haloes with $m_\mathrm{500c} \lt 10^{14.5} \, \rm h^{-1} \, \mathrm{M_\odot }$. For a stage IV-like cluster survey without mass estimation uncertainties, an area $\approx 15\,000 \, \mathrm{deg^2}$ and a constant mass cut of $m_\mathrm{200m,min} = 10^{14} \,\rm h^{-1} \, \mathrm{M_\odot }$, the biases are $-11 \pm 1 \, \mathrm{per\, cent}$ in Ωm, $-3.29 \pm 0.04 \, \mathrm{per\, cent}$ in S8, and $9 \pm 1.5 \, \mathrm{per\, cent}$ in w0. The statistical significance of the baryonic bias depends on how accurately the actual uncertainty on individual cluster mass estimates is known. We suggest that rather than the total halo mass, the (re-scaled) dark matter mass inferred from the combination of weak lensing and observations of the hot gas, should be used for cluster count cosmology.