bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mentoring as affective governmentality: Shame, (un)happiness, and the (re)production of masculine leadership
Authors: Sandager Jette 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article contributes to current discussions on the effectiveness of mentoring as a gender equality tool, but also focuses on the emotions and bodily (dis)comforts mentoring produces in addition to linguistic discourses, thus offering a novel take on how the tool operates. Drawing on a case study of a Danish mentoring program aimed at establishing the organizational space of leadership as more gender equal, the article demonstrates how, in producing shame and (un)happiness, mentoring (re)produces leadership as an organizational space dominated by masculine norms and work practices. The findings of the article support literature arguing that mentoring is an ineffective gender equality tool. However, the article does not entirely discard mentoring for this purpose, instead suggesting that scholars and practitioners look to literature on queered forms of mentoring for inspiration on how to use mentoring as a tool that carries the potential of truly promoting gender equality.
An investigation on the role of L2 proficiency in adult learners’ L2 morphological performance
Authors: Li Ying 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study investigated whether adult learners could eventually achieve nativelike proficiency in L2 inflectional morphology that is not instantiated in their L1 with the increase of L2 proficiency. The participants were 47 L1‐Chinese of L2‐English speakers. They were divided into three groups according to their levels of English proficiency, and their morphological performance in L2‐English plurals was individually tested with a self‐paced word‐by‐word reading task and an oral interview. According to the results: (1) all the three groups showed a reliable degree of sensitivity to English plurals; although L2 proficiency was non‐significant in their overall performance, the advanced participants displayed a more similar pattern of performance to the native English speakers as compared to the less‐advanced ones; and (2) the participants’ production accuracy increased with the increase in English proficiency. Overall, the findings suggested that adult L2 learners could eventually acquire L2 morphology with the increase of L2 proficiency.
Over‐use of thyroid testing in Canadian and UK primary care in frequent attenders: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Crampton Noah , Kalia Sumeet , Del Giudice Maria Elisabeth , Wintemute Kimberly , Sullivan Frank , Aliarzadeh Babak , Meaney Christopher , Moineddin Rahim , Singer Alexander , Hinton William , Sherlock Julian , Williams John , de Lusignan Simon , Greiver Michelle 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) is a common test used to detect and monitor clinically significant hypo‐ and hyperthyroidism. Population‐based screening of asymptomatic adults for thyroid disorders is not recommended.ObjectiveThe research objectives were to determine patterns of TSH testing in Canadian and English primary care practices, as well as patient and physician practice characteristics associated with testing TSH for primary care patients with no identifiable indication.MethodsIn this 2‐year cross‐sectional observational study, Canadian and English electronic medical record databases were used to identify patients and physician practices. Cohorts of patients aged 18 years or older, without identifiable indications for TSH testing, were generated from these databases. Analyses were performed using a random‐effects logistic regression to determine patient and physician practice characteristics associated with increased testing. We determined the proportion of TSH tests performed concurrently with at least one common screening blood test (lipid profile or hemoglobin A1c). Standardised proportions of TSH test per family practice were used to examine the heterogeneity in the populations.ResultsAt least one TSH test was performed in 35.97% (N = 489 663) of Canadian patients and 29.36% (N = 1 030 489) of English patients. Almost all TSH tests in Canada and England (95.69% and 99.23% respectively) were within the normal range (0.40‐5.00 mU/L). A greater number of patient‐physician encounters was the strongest predictor of TSH testing. It was determined that 51.40% of TSH tests in Canada and 76.55% in England were performed on the same day as at least one other screening blood test. There was no association between the practice size and proportion of asymptomatic patients tested.ConclusionsThis comparative binational study found TSH patterns suggestive of over‐testing and potentially thyroid disorder screening in both countries. There may be significant opportunities to improve the appropriateness of TSH ordering in Canada and England and therefore improve the allocation of limited system resources.
Characteristics of achieving clinically important weight loss in two paediatric weight management interventions
Authors: Fiechtner Lauren , Castro Ines , Cheng Erika R. , Sharifi Mona , Gerber Monica W. , Luo Man , Goldmann Don , Sandel Megan , Block Jason , Orav E. John , Taveras Elsie M. 
Published: March 2021

SummaryObjectiveTo examine characteristics and lifestyle behaviours associated with achieving clinically important weight loss (CIWL) in two paediatric weight management interventions (PWMIs).MethodsWe examined 1010 children enrolled in the STAR and Connect for Health trials. We defined achieving CIWL as any participant who had decreased their BMI z‐score by ≥0.2 units over 1 year. Using log‐binomial regression we examined associations of child and household characteristics and lifestyle behaviours with achieving CIWL.ResultsIn multivariable analyses, children with severe obesity had a lower likelihood of achieving CIWL compared to children without severe obesity (RR: 0.68 [95% CI: 0.49, 0.95]). Children who were ≥10 years were less likely to achieve CIWL (RR: 0.56 [95% CI: 0.42, 0.74]) vs those 2‐6 years of age. Children who consumed <1 sugary beverage per day at the end of the intervention were more likely to achieve CIWL vs those who did not meet the goal (RR: 1.36 [95% CI 1.09–1.70]).ConclusionIn this analysis of children enrolled in PWMIs, achieving CIWL was associated with younger age, not having severe obesity and consuming fewer sugary beverages at the end of the intervention. Focusing on intervening earlier in life, when a child is at a lower BMI, and reducing sugary beverages could allow for more effective PWMI's.
Emotion work and resilience of nurses and physicians towards Palestinian Authority patients
Authors: Furman Gal , Bluvstein I. , Itzhaki M. 
Published: March 2021

AimThe purpose of this study was to explore the emotion work and resilience of Israeli healthcare personnel who treat paediatric patients from the Palestinian Authority in Israel.BackgroundHealthcare personnel deal with internalized emotional conflict deriving from the ethos of health care and the ethos of conflict. Emotion work may be used to overcome emotional conflict, while resilience serves as a protective process against emotional conflict.MethodsA mixed methods study among 101 healthcare workers: 84 nurses and 17 physicians. Quantitative data were analysed using IBM SPSS 24.0, and qualitative data were analysed using the constant comparative analysis method.FindingsEmpathy was the highest ranking emotion and contempt was the lowest, for experienced and expected emotions. Positive correlations were found between identification with the ethos of health care and resilience, emotional gap and emotion work, and between the level of Arabic language and emotion work. A negative correlation was found between emotional gap and resilience. The qualitative data yielded three themes: Knowledge of the Arabic language, familiarity with the Arab culture and equitable treatment.DiscussionThe language proficiency of patients belonging to a minority group increases nurses' and physicians' emotion work. Identification with the ethos of health care increases resilience, as both are linked to a sense of vocation and an intrinsic willingness to care for paediatric patients.ConclusionThe study supports the theory of emotion work and refines the role of the ethos of health care in building resilience. Language and cultural capability have a significant role in providing healthcare personnel with methods to treat minorities equitably.Implications for health policyHospital managements may supply tailor‐made interventions to enhance healthcare personnel's transcultural communication skills, build resilience and cultivate emotion work capabilities. Nursing practice could encourage the use of nursing care plans specific to the individual paediatric patient that can be used by nursing staff to keep care current and applicable.
The global prevalence of early childhood caries: A systematic review with meta‐analysis using the WHO diagnostic criteria
Authors: Uribe Sergio E. , Innes Nicola , Maldupa Ilze 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimTo estimate the global prevalence of early childhood caries using the WHO criteria.DesignSystematic review of studies published from 1960 to 2019. Data sources: PubMed, Google Scholar, SciELO, and LILACS. Eligibility criteria were articles using: dmft‐WHO diagnostic criteria with calibrated examiners, probability sampling, and sample sizes. Study selection: Two reviewers searched, screened, and extracted information from the selected articles. All pooled analyses were based on random‐effects models. The protocol is available on PROSPERO 2014 registration code CRD42014009578.ResultsFrom 472 reports, 214 used WHO criteria and 125 fit the inclusion criteria. Sixty‐four reports of 67 countries (published 1992‐2019) had adequate data to be summarised in the meta‐analysis. They covered 29 countries/59018 children. Global random‐effects pooled prevalence was (percentage[95% CI]) 48[43, 53]. The prevalence by continent was Africa: 30[19, 45]; Americas: 48 [42, 54]; Asia: 52[43, 61]; Europe: 43[24, 66]; and Oceania: 82[73, 89]. Differences across countries explain 21.2% of the observed variance.ConclusionsEarly childhood caries is a global health problem, affecting almost half of preschool children. Results are reported from 29 of 195 countries. ECC prevalence varied widely, and there was more variance attributable to between‐country differences rather than continent or change over time.
Working toward eradicating weight stigma by combating pathologization: A qualitative pilot study using direct contact and narrative medicine
Authors: Fox Rachel , Park Kelly , Hildebrand‐Chupp Rowan , Vo Anne T. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractStigma against fat people permeates every level of healthcare, yet most attempts to reduce weight stigma among healthcare providers have shown only marginal results. Fat studies, a field that rigorously interrogates negative assumptions about fatness, can help social psychologists understand weight stigma by centering the pathologization of fatness as a major contributor to weight stigma at the structural and interpersonal level. A fat studies approach also reorients the normative goal of weight stigma interventions from reducing stigma to eradicating stigma and calls for methods that reject weight stigma’s roots in medicine and medical discourse. Even nuanced and sympathetic models of “obesity” cannot combat stigma that is structurally based in medical authority. We applied these principles to develop a new method of weight stigma intervention: direct contact structured through narrative medicine. In a qualitative pilot study, four medical students and two fat activist community members met for five 2‐hours narrative medicine workshops over 5 weeks. All participants completed focus group interviews about the experience. Interview transcript analysis revealed that these workshops provided a space for depathologizing, humanizing, empathy‐inducing, and power‐leveling interactions between medical students and fat people, where members of both groups reported benefiting from the experience. We conclude that non‐pathologizing approaches to eradicating weight stigma are not only feasible, but both ethically and methodologically necessary.
A UK survey of nutritional care pathways for patients with COVID‐19 prior to and post‐hospital stay
Authors: Lawrence Victoria , Hickson Mary , Weekes C. Elizabeth , Julian Anna , Frost Gary , Murphy Jane 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundDuring the global COVID‐19 pandemic, UK dietitians have delivered the best care to help patients recover from the infection. The present study examined the development and evaluation of care pathways to manage nutritional care of patients following COVID‐19 infection prior to and after discharge.MethodsRegistered UK dietitians completed an online questionnaire comprising 26 questions about the development of a pathway, its use, evaluation and training needs.ResultsOf 57 responses from organisations, 37 (65%) were involved in the planning/management of nutritional care. Only 19 responses had a new or adapted COVID‐19 pathway. Of these, 74% reported involvement of dietetic services, 47% reported > 1 eligibility criteria for pathway inclusion and 53% accepted all positive or suspected cases. All respondents used nutritional screening, first‐line dietary advice (food first) and referral for further advice and monitoring. Weight and food intake were the most used outcome measure. All pathways addressed symptoms related to nutrition, with the most common being weight loss with poor appetite, not being hungry and skipping meals in 84% of pathways. Over half of respondents (54%) planned to evaluate their pathway and 83% reported that they were ‘very or reasonably confident’ in their team's nutritional management of COVID‐19. Less than half (42%) reported on training needs.ConclusionsDespite challenges encountered, pathways were developed and implemented. Dietitians had adapted to new ways of working to manage nutritional care in patients prior to and after discharge from hospital following COVID‐19 infection. Further work is needed to develop strategies for evaluation of their impact.
Days in milk alters the milk fatty acid profile of grazing donkeys: A preliminary study
Authors: Johel Galo Salgado Madian , Rocha Silva Aline , Oliveira de Souza Carolina , Vitor França Lemos Paulo , Lopes Oliveira Ronaldo , Albano de Araújo Oliveira Chiara , Vaz Di Mambro Ribeiro Claudio 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to characterize and determine how days in milk (DIM) affect the milk fatty acid (FA) profile of grazing donkeys. Donkey milk is very similar to human milk, containing bioactive molecules such as FA and proteins. However, there is a lack of scientific and technical information on the changes in the FA profile of asinine milk in pasture‐feeding systems. Seven multiparous Pega donkeys, maintained in an exclusively extensive system, were used. Milking was undertaken twice a day, once a week for 16 weeks. Milk samples were composed according to the average lactating days as follows: 55, 110, 165, 220 and 275 DIM. A descriptive analysis of the milk fat composition was performed, and the linear and quadratic effects of DIM on the milk FA profile were tested. The milk FA profile of grazing donkeys is influenced by lactation days and is characterized by high concentrations of polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) with a low n−6 to n−3 ratio (0.66 g/100 g), mainly due to the high level of linolenic acid (16.8 g/100 g). Most of the individual FAs did not change during lactation, but stearic and oleic acid linearly decreased (p < .05), and total polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) and n−3 FA increased (p < .05) with DIM. The milk profile of grazing donkeys is influenced by the day of lactation and is characterized by a high concentration of n−3 PUFA (mainly α‐linolenic acid) and a lower n−6 to n−3 ratio. As the number of days of lactation increased, the concentration of n−3 PUFA also increased. Therefore, higher milk quality may be associated with higher days in milk.
Low‐tannin sorghum grain could be used as an alternative to corn in diet for nursery pigs
Authors: Pan Long , An Dong , Zhu Weiyun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study was conducted to test the hypothesis that low‐tannin sorghum grain produced in China as a potential substitute for corn in diets could not impair the performance of nursery pigs. A total of 60 pigs (7.2 ± 1.2 kg) were randomly assigned to 2 diets with 5 replicate pens per treatment. Corn‐based diet (CBD) included 60% corn grain during the overall experimental period, and sorghum‐based diet (SBD) consisted of 30% (d 1 to 14) or 60.55% (d 15 to 28) sorghum grain in partial or total replacement of corn grain. Both diets were formulated to contain the same amount of digestible energy and indispensable amino acids. The results demonstrated no differences in growth performance or apparent digestibility of gross energy between treatments over the whole period. However, the substitution of corn by sorghum reduced (p < 0.05) or tended to reduce (p = 0.09) apparent digestibility of crude protein associated with an increased faecal nitrogen excretion per weight gain (p < 0.05). Pigs fed SBD had higher contents of urea nitrogen, total triglyceride and insulin in serum than those fed CBD (p < 0.05). Visceral organ weights or antioxidant enzyme activities in serum or liver were not different between treatments. Compared with CBD, SBD increased or tended to increase amylase activity in jejunal mucosa (p < 0.05) or trypsin activity in duodenal mucosa (p = 0.08). Replacement of corn by the low‐tannin sorghum in diets did not influence the microbiota community based on alpha and beta diversity in caecal and colonal digesta. Overall, the home‐grown low‐tannin sorghum could be an alternative energy source in diets for pigs without adverse effects on growth performance.
Tracking the geographic distribution and growth of clinicians with a DEA waiver to prescribe buprenorphine to treat opioid use disorder
Authors: Andrilla C. Holly A. , Patterson Davis G. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPurposeBuprenorphine is an effective medication treatment for opioid use disorder (MOUD) but access is difficult for patients, especially in rural locations. To improve access, legislation, including the Comprehensive Addiction and Recovery Act (2016) and the Substance Use Disorder Prevention that Promotes Opioid Recovery and Treatment for Patients and Communities (SUPPORT) Act (2018), extended the ability to get a Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) waiver to prescribe buprenorphine to treat opioid use disorder (OUD) to numerous types of clinicians. This study updates the distribution of waivered clinicians as of July 2020 and notes regional and geographic differences.MethodsUsing the July 2020 Drug Enforcement Administration list of providers with a waiver to prescribe buprenorphine to treat OUD, we assigned waivered clinicians to counties in one of four geographic categories. We calculated the number of counties in each category that did not have a waivered clinician, available treatment slots, and the county provider to population ratios.FindingsThe number of DEA‐waivered clinicians more than doubled between December 2017 and July 2020 from 37,869 to 98,344. The availability of a clinician with a DEA waiver to provide MOUD has increased across all geographic categories. Nearly two‐thirds of all rural counties (63.1%) had at least one clinician with a DEA waiver but more than half of small and remote rural counties lacked one. There were also significant differences in access by the US Census Division.ConclusionsOverall, MOUD access has improved, but small rural communities still experience treatment disparities and there is significant regional variation.
Biofeedback stimulation in the visually impaired: a systematic review of literature
Authors: Silvestri Valeria , Turco Simona , Piscopo Paola , Guidobaldi Margherita , Perna Fabiana , Sulfaro Marco , Amore Filippo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundIt is estimated that approximately 1.3 billion people live with some form of distance or near visual impairment. Numerous studies have been carried out to evaluate the effects of biofeedback (BF) and establish if it could be a useful tool in vision rehabilitation for various eye diseases.ObjectiveThis systematic review aimed: 1) to examine the current evidence of BF efficacy for the rehabilitation of the visually impaired and 2) to describe methodological variations used in previous BF studies to provide recommendations for vision rehabilitation interventions.MethodsA systematic review was conducted in the Medline, PubMed, Cochrane Library and Web of Science databases to collect documents published between January 2000 and May 2020. Of the 1,960 studies identified, 43 met the criteria for inclusion. The following information was collected from each study: sample size, control group, any eye disease, apparatus used, frequency and number of sessions of BF, main outcomes of training and whether a follow‐up was conducted. The first group included studies published as scientific articles in peer‐reviewed journals. The second group included abstracts of studies presented at peer‐reviewed conferences. Publications were also grouped according to the eye disease treated.Results25 articles and 18 peer‐reviewed conference abstracts (PRCAs) were included in this review. BF stimulation is a commonly used technique for the treatment of visual impairment caused by macular disease. Most BF studies evaluate the effect of training on the preferred retinal locus (PRL), particularly with regard to fixation location and stability. Across these studies, participants who received BF intervention improved fixation stability and reading speed. High variability in the number of sessions and the duration of BF training was found. Most studies did not use a control group.ConclusionsThe findings of this review present evidence for biofeedback treatment in vision rehabilitation, with improved oculomotor abilities. Currently, it is not possible to formulate evidence‐based recommendations for a standard training procedure due to the poor quality of existing randomised controlled trials. High‐quality studies are needed to develop standard protocols for a range of eye diseases.
Low psoas muscle index as an unfavorable factor in children with end‐stage liver disease undergoing liver transplantation
Authors: Jitwongwai Settapong , Lertudomphonwanit Chatmanee , Junhasavasdikul Thitiporn , Fuangfa Praman , Tanpowpong Pornthep , Gesprasert Goragoch , Treepongkaruna Suporn 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSarcopenia is common in cirrhotic adults and associated with waitlist mortality and worse outcome after liver transplantation. Psoas muscle mass has been used to define sarcopenia. Therefore, we aimed to determine the association between psoas muscle mass and waitlist mortality as well as post‐transplant outcome in children with end‐stage liver disease. Medical records and abdominal imaging of pediatric liver transplant candidates during 2010–2019 were reviewed. A subset of images was measured by two radiologists to determine inter‐rater reliability. Psoas muscle surface area was determined at intervertebral lumbar disk 3–4 (L3‐4) and 4–5 (L4‐5) levels. PMI was calculated by psoas muscle surface area divided by height squared. We included 105 children, most with biliary atresia (84%). Patients with waitlist mortality had lower PMI compared to the ones who survived to transplantation (PMI at L3‐4 levels 352.8 ± 162.5 vs. 416.8 ± 136.2 mm2/m2 and at L4‐5 levels 497.3 ± 167.8 vs. 571.4 ± 163.4 mm2/m2, both p = .04), but not in the multivariate analyses. For transplanted patients (n = 75), a higher rate of re‐operation (39% vs. 15%, p = .03) and longer hospital stay (53 vs. 45 days, p = .02) were found in patients with lower PMI. Lower PMI is associated with higher re‐operation rate and longer hospital stay following transplantation, but not waitlist mortality. PMI may be taken into consideration with other biomarkers to predict post‐transplant complications.