bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction of HPV vaccination in Kenya
Authors: Vermandere Heleen 
Published: August 2021

Introduction: HPV vaccination prevents cervical cancer, the fourth most common cancer among women worldwide. Measured HPV vaccine acceptability is often high but does it also lead to high uptake?
Methodology: A cohort was set up assessing HPV vaccine acceptability and other health behaviour constructs before, and vaccine uptake after an HPV vaccination programme in Eldoret, Kenya. Focus groups shed light on the motivation for vaccine uptake or refusal.
Results: Acceptability was high but was no strong predictor of uptake, and neither were the constructs of the Health Belief Model. Lack of information and fear of side effects were major barriers. Feeling uncomfortable to discuss cervical cancer hampered open communication.
Discussion: Distrust towards new vaccines and the health system blocked translation from willingness- to-vaccinate to actual uptake, as did organizational factors such as poor promotion.
Conclusion: Future research should include broader concepts such as vaccine hesitancy and factors beyond personal control in order to predict vaccine uptake.
Cropland Abandonment in the Community-Forestry Landscape in the Middle Hills of Nepal
Authors: Bista Rajesh , Zhang Qi , Parajuli Rajan , Karki Rahul , Khanal Chhetri Bir Bahadur , Song Conghe 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCropland abandonment has been a major land-use concern, threatening food security globally. Understanding the factors contributing to cropland abandonment advances land-use change science and provides essential information for policy making, both of which aim to improve agriculture land management. Despite many studies conducted on this topic, we still lack in-depth understanding on how feedbacks from the natural system influence cropland-use decisions at the household level in the human system. We fill this knowledge gap by conducting this study in the Middle Hills of Nepal, where community forestry is an integral part of the land-use system. We collected qualitative data through focus-group discussions, key-informant interviews, and review of local community-forest management documents, and we collected quantitative socioeconomic data through a household survey of 415 households. We geolocated 1264 cropland parcels owned by these households and recorded their use statuses. We found that there is an increasing trend of cropland abandonment that is due to multiple socioeconomic, ecological, and biophysical factors. A higher likelihood of cropland abandonment is linked to households that have more out-migrants, female heads, nonagricultural occupation of the household heads, and larger areas of agriculture landholding. The study also found that cropland parcels that are far from the households, close to the forest edge, and on steeper slopes are more likely to be abandoned. These findings provide key information for policy makers to devise effective measures on managing cropland and developing sustainable agriculture in rural Nepal.
Seasonal and regional signatures of ENSO in upper tropospheric jet characteristics from reanalyses
Authors: Manney Gloria L , Hegglin Michaela I , Lawrence Zachary D 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe relationship of upper tropospheric jet variability to El Niño / Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in reanalysis datasets is analyzed for 1979–2018, revealing robust regional and seasonal variability. Tropical jets associated with monsoons and the Walker circulation are weaker and the zonal mean subtropical jet shifts equatorward in both hemispheres during El Niño, consistent with previous findings. Regional and seasonal variations are analyzed separately for subtropical and polar jets. The subtropical jet shifts poleward during El Niño over the NH eastern Pacific in DJF, and in some SH regions in MAMand SON. Subtropical jet altitudes increase during El Niño, with significant changes in the zonal mean in the NH and during summer/fall in the SH. Though zonal mean polar jet correlations with ENSO are rarely significant, robust regional/seasonal changes occur: The SH polar jet shifts equatorward during El Niño over Asia and the western Pacific in DJF, and poleward over the eastern Pacific in JJA and SON. Polar jets are weaker (stronger) during El Niño in the western (eastern) hemisphere, especially in the SH; conversely, subtropical jets are stronger (weaker) in the western (eastern) hemisphere during El Niño in winter and spring; these opposing changes, along with an anticorrelation between subtropical and polar jet windspeed, reinforce subtropical/polar jet strength differences during El Niño, and suggest ENSO-related covariability of the jets. ENSO-related jet latitude, altitude, and windspeed changes can reach 4(3)°, 0.6(0.3) km, and 6(3) ms−1, respectively, for the subtropical (polar) jets.
Endoscopic Vacuum Therapy via Pharyngostomy: Novel Access for Management of Upper Gastrointestinal Defects
Authors: Giraldo-Grueso Manuel , Bolton Nathan , Brown Russell 
Published: August 2021

Background Perforation and anastomotic leakage of the upper gastrointestinal tract (UGI) has a high mortality and morbidity rate. Recently, UGI leaks have been treated with endoscopic vacuum therapy (EVT). However, this technique traditionally requires multiple EVT changes and a prolonged and uncomfortable nasoenteric intubation. We describe our experience using EVT through a novel pharyngostomy access to manage UGI leaks. Methods We describe our development and implementation of EVT via a novel pharyngostomy access to treat a variety of UGI defects. Preoperative, perioperative, and postoperative data were analyzed. Results Six patients with UGI perforations or anastomotic leaks were treated with an EVT using a pharyngostomy access. The median age was 69 years (IQR 53-71). Four patients leaked after an Ivor Lewis esophagectomy, one after a robotic para-esophageal hernia repair, and another after a Roux en Y esophagojejunostomy. Defects were detected on a median of 11.5 days (IQR 3-21). Median values for the duration of the EVT therapy and the number of EVT changes were 19.5 days (IQR 14-31) and 7 (IQR 6.5-9), respectively. Four of the patients were discharged with an EVT in place and were successfully managed as outpatients. At a median follow-up of 8 months, two patients developed strictures. None of the patients required any surgical re-intervention, they tolerated oral intake, and all leakages were confirmed closed by imaging and endoscopy. Discussion Endoscopic vacuum therapy can be successfully managed through a pharyngostomy access, as described. This access is easy, comfortable, and reliable and allows for a transition to outpatient management.
Toward Quantifying Trust Dynamics: How People Adjust Their Trust After Moment-to-Moment Interaction With Automation
Authors: Yang X. Jessie , Schemanske Christopher , Searle Christine 
Published: August 2021

Objective We examine how human operators adjust their trust in automation as a result of their moment-to-moment interaction with automation. Background Most existing studies measured trust by administering questionnaires at the end of an experiment. Only a limited number of studies viewed trust as a dynamic variable that can strengthen or decay over time. Method Seventy-five participants took part in an aided memory recognition task. In the task, participants viewed a series of images and later on performed 40 trials of the recognition task to identify a target image when it was presented with a distractor. In each trial, participants performed the initial recognition by themselves, received a recommendation from an automated decision aid, and performed the final recognition. After each trial, participants reported their trust on a visual analog scale. Results Outcome bias and contrast effect significantly influence human operators’ trust adjustments. An automation failure leads to a larger trust decrement if the final outcome is undesirable, and a marginally larger trust decrement if the human operator succeeds the task by him/herself. An automation success engenders a greater trust increment if the human operator fails the task. Additionally, automation failures have a larger effect on trust adjustment than automation successes. Conclusion Human operators adjust their trust in automation as a result of their moment-to-moment interaction with automation. Their trust adjustments are significantly influenced by decision-making heuristics/biases. Application Understanding the trust adjustment process enables accurate prediction of the operators’ moment-to-moment trust in automation and informs the design of trust-aware adaptive automation.
Current situation and expectation of emergency medicine education for 8-year Doctor of Medicine degree program in China
Authors: Ge Zengzheng , Feng Shi , Liu Xiangning , Guo Shigong , Gao Yanxia , Lu Xin , Yu Shiyuan , Zhao Lina , Shi Di , Liu Jihai , Zhu Huadong , Li Yi 
Published: August 2021

Background: Appropriate lessons and formalized training concerning emergency medicine is becoming increasingly important in undergraduate medical education. There is an urgent need to evaluate undergraduate emergency medicine education of students enrolled on the 8-year Doctor of Medicine degree programs nationwide in China with the aim that the data extracted could ultimately be used to help develop a standardized emergency medicine curriculum in China. Objectives: The aim of the study is to accurately describe emergency medicine education of 8-year Doctor of Medicine program in China, including emergency medicine classes, clinical practice in emergency medicine department, and expectations toward emergency medicine education. Methods: An online questionnaire was distributed to all the medical students of 8-year Doctor of Medicine program who have attended emergency medicine education in 14 medical schools in China. Participation in the survey was voluntary and anonymized. Results: In total, 529 valid responses were collected. There was a clear difference between students with a career aspiration in emergency medicine and those without. Comparing to countries that have an established emergency medicine curriculum, shortage of classroom hours and clinical practice time is a major cause of unsatisfactory educational outcomes in China. A detailed uniform emergency medicine curriculum that outlines exact requirements for medical students is required as well. Conclusion: A consolidated syllabus and curriculum should be compiled by all the medical schools with the 8-year integrated Doctor of Medicine degree program in China. The specific diseases and skills that should be covered in emergency medical education remain up to debate.
Direct-write piezoelectric coating transducers in combination with discrete ceramic transducer and laser pulse excitation for ultrasonic impact damage detection on composite plates
Authors: Philibert Marilyne , Chen Shuting , Wong Voon-Kean , Liew Weng Heng , Yao Kui , Soutis Constantinos , Gresil Matthieu 
Published: August 2021

In this work, direct-write piezoelectric transducers (DWTs) were made by spraying piezoelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) coating with comb-shaped electrodes on carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) plates for drop weight impact damage detection. Their ability and performance were investigated and compared to discrete piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramic transducers that were adhesively bonded on the same CFRP plate. Guided wave signals were acquired with different combinations of actuator-sensor involving DWT, PZT and laser ultrasonic excitation, in pitch-catch configuration. DWTs allowed consistency and simplified signal interpretation due to an effective mode selection (A0 or S0 mode) with wavelengths of 10 and 12 mm. PZTs generated stronger but much more complex signals and mode selection with a larger wavelength (20 mm). The configuration with PZT as actuator and DWT as receiver showed the highest signal amplitude changes of A0 or S0 mode, allowing efficient detection of damage introduced by a 31 J impact. Further ultrasonic B- and C-scans revealed a 27 mm long crack on the plate’s backside developed in addition to internal cracks and delaminations of about 34 mm in length. For realizing contactless ultrasound excitation, a neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet laser (wavelength of 1064 nm, 5.4 ns pulses) was used to replace the surface-mounted brittle PZT. The combination of the broadband laser excitation with the DWTs as sensors achieved more reliable damage detection than equivalent PZTs, attributed to DWT’s effective single mode selection. In addition to reduced weight, the polymeric coated DWTs allow large area implementation (scaling up), even on curved surfaces due to their flexibility and conformability, in contrast to adhesively bonded discrete transducers.
Thoracic endograft placement using a transfemoral snare in a patient with angled aortic arch
Authors: Çamci Sencer , Ari Selma , Ari Hasan , Göncü Mehmet T 
Published: August 2021

Objective In complex anatomical challenges, endovascular endograft implantation to the thoracic aorta may not be performed. Various techniques have been put forward for endograft therapy. In this report, we present the effect of femoral snare support for a patient with an aortic arch angle. Method Thoracic endovascular aneurysm repair (TEVAR) was used for treating a 60-year-old male patient who suffered from severe angulation in the arcus aorta and aneurysmal enlargement of the left subclavian artery and descending aorta. The endovascular graft could not be advanced into the aortic arch with the guidewire because of the aortic arch angle. Therefore, the TEVAR graft distal end was caught with the snare advanced from the femoral artery, and the TEVAR graft was advanced into the aortic arch. Conclusion and result The femoral snare technique is a simple and successful method for endograft implantation of the aortic arch disease without the risk of heart trauma, especially in cases with aortic arch tortuosity.
Design of ZIF-67 MOF-derived Co3O4/NiCo2O4 nanosheets for supercapacitor electrode materials
Authors: Li Jianning , Zhang Chunyong , Wen Yingpin , Zhao Yuyue , Zhang Yiwen , Shu Li , Qin Hengfei 
Published: August 2021

Binary transition metal oxides exhibit improved properties including good redox potentials and electrical conductivities compared with single metal oxides as electrode materials in energy storage. Herein, ZIF-67 is prepared by a one-step method using Co2+ as the central metal ion, 2-methylimidazole as the organic ligand, and methanol as an organic solvent at room temperature. Hollow NiCo2O4 and sheet-like Co3O4/NiCo2O4 derived from bimetallic imidazolate framework precursors were synthesized by adding cobalt and nickel ions in appropriate proportions. A hollow and porous structure is achieved for the reaction between a nickel salt and ZIF-67, and this unique nanostructure provides a high active surface area, which is beneficial to the electrochemical properties. Several samples are prepared and used as electrode materials for electrochemical tests in 6 M KOH. As a result, the Co3O4/NiCo2O4 electrode with a sheet nanostructure showed a high specific capacitance of 846 F g−1 at a current density of 0.5 A g−1. This Co3O4/NiCo2O4 electrode material is promising for future studies on high-performance supercapacitors to solve emerging energy-related problems. [Formula: see text]
The US–China Trade War: Impact on India and Other Asian Regions
Authors: Chadha Rajesh , Pohit Sanjib , Pratap Devender 
Published: August 2021

The growing protectionism globally and the outbreak of a major US–China trade war led Indian exports facing higher tariffs. This article has tried to investigate how India should react to the trade tensions between the two largest economies of the world. This will help policymakers in India to assess the impact of the likely developments and choose between different policy responses. In a bilateral US–China trade war, while both the United States and China stand to lose in terms of GDP, exports and imports, India stands to gain. India stands to lose when the US–China trade war applies also to India, which faces higher tariffs from both. India’s losses increase further when India responds by increasing its tariffs on imports from the United States and China. In fact, reducing own tariffs could be a wiser step. Enhancing productivity measures by raising port efficiency and making trade and transport sector more efficient appear to pay dividend. India gains even more from joining the RCEP-like trading block when the United States and China are indulging in bilateral trade war. Last but not least, US–China trade war seems to affect Asian countries, some positively some negatively. JEL Codes: F13, C68, F14
Evidence for and localization of proposed causative variants in cattle and pig genomes
Authors: Johnsson Martin , Jungnickel Melissa K. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
This paper reviews the localization of published potential causative variants in contemporary pig and cattle reference genomes, and the evidence for their causality. In spite of the difficulties inherent to the identification of causative variants from genetic mapping and genome-wide association studies, researchers in animal genetics have proposed putative causative variants for several traits relevant to livestock breeding.

Results
For this review, we read the literature that supports potential causative variants in 13 genes (ABCG2, DGAT1, GHR, IGF2, MC4R, MSTN, NR6A1, PHGK1, PRKAG3, PLRL, RYR1, SYNGR2 and VRTN) in cattle and pigs, and localized them in contemporary reference genomes. We review the evidence for their causality, by aiming to separate the evidence for the locus, the proposed causative gene and the proposed causative variant, and report the bioinformatic searches and tactics needed to localize the sequence variants in the cattle or pig genome.

Conclusions
Taken together, there is usually good evidence for the association at the locus level, some evidence for a specific causative gene at eight of the loci, and some experimental evidence for a specific causative variant at six of the loci. We recommend that researchers who report new potential causative variants use referenced coordinate systems, show local sequence context, and submit variants to repositories.
The expression of kappa-opioid receptor promotes the migration of breast cancer cells in vitro
Authors: Li Huiqing , Ma Zhenzhen , Lei Yunlong 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Opioid receptors are implicated in cell proliferation and cancer migration. However, the effects and underlying mechanisms of opioid receptor κ (OPRK1) in breast cancer remain unknown.

Methods
Small interfering RNA (siRNAs) was used to knockdown the expression of OPRK1. Western blot was used to determine the protein expression and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) determined the genes transcription. Cell viability was detected by MTT assay and cell death rates were determined by Annexin V/PI and flow cytometry. Cell migration and invasion were detected by wound healing analysis and transwell assay, respectively.

Results
Our research demonstrated that OPRK1 was overexpressed in breast cancer cells compared with the normal human mammary epithelial cells. OPRK1 knockdown could inhibited cell viability and migration in cancer cells, accompanied with the decreased proteins and genes expression of N-cadherin, Snail, MMP2 and Vimentin, while the E-cadherin expression was increased. Additionally, OPRK1 knockdown also promoted PI3K/AKT signaling inactivation. Activation of AKT reversed the OPRK1 knockdown-induced cell viability inhibition and migration suppression, while inhibition of AKT reduced cell viability and promoted cell death.

Conclusions
Our findings illustrated the role of OPRK1 played on promoting migration in vitro, and we also provided the therapeutic research of OPRK1 knockdown combined with AKT inhibition.
Bronchial rupture following endobronchial blocker placement: a case report of a rare, unfortunate complication
Authors: Oo Shuwen , Chia Rachel Hui Xuan , Li Yue , Sampath Hari Kumar , Ang Sophia Bee Leng , Paranjothy Suresh , Tam John Kit Chung , Lee Chang Chuan Melvin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Lung separation may be achieved through the use of double lumen tubes or endobronchial blockers. The use of lung separation techniques carries the risk of airway injuries which range from minor complications like postoperative hoarseness and sore throat to rare and potentially devastating tracheobronchial mucosal injuries like bronchus perforation or rupture. With few case reports to date, bronchial rupture with the use of endobronchial blockers is indeed an overlooked complication.

Case presentation
A 78-year-old male patient with a left upper lobe lung adenocarcinoma underwent a left upper lobectomy with a Fuji Uniblocker® as the lung separation device. Despite an atraumatic insertion and endobronchial blocker balloon volume within manufacturer specifications, an intraoperative air leak developed, and the patient was found to have sustained a left mainstem bronchus rupture which was successfully repaired and the patient extubated uneventfully. Unfortunately, the patient passed on in-hospital from sepsis and other complications.

Conclusion
Bronchial rupture is a serious complication of endobronchial blocker use that can carry significant morbidity, and due care should be exercised in its use and placement. Bronchoscopy should be used during insertion, and the volume and pressure of the balloon kept to the minimum required to prevent air leak. Bronchial injury should be considered as a differential in the presence of an unexplained air leak.
Impact of social and mobility restrictions in Parkinson’s disease during COVID-19 lockdown
Authors: Luis-Martínez Raquel , Di Marco Roberto , Weis Luca , Cianci Valeria , Pistonesi Francesca , Baba Alfonc , Carecchio Miryam , Biundo Roberta , Tedesco Chiara , Masiero Stefano , Antonini Angelo 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
The consequences of strict COVID-19 mobility restrictions on motor/non-motor features in Parkinson’s disease (PD) have not been systematically studied but worse mobility and quality of life have been reported. To elucidate this question, 12 mild to moderate PD patients were assessed in March 2020 before and after two months of isolation as part of a clinical study that had to be interrupted due to the pandemic and the implementation of COVID19 mobility restrictions.

Methods
Twelve patients were systematically evaluated before and after the lockdown period as part of a larger cohort that previously underwent thermal water rehabilitation. Clinical outcomes were the Body Mass index, the Mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test, the MDS-Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale part III, the 6 Minute Walking Test and the New Freezing of Gait Questionnaire. Global cognition was evaluated with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment scale. The impact of COVID-19 restrictions on quality of life and functional independence was evaluated with The Parkinson’s disease Quality of life (PDQ-39), the Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living questionnaires (IADL) and the Parkinson’s disease cognitive functional rating scales (PD-CFRS).

Results
After two months of isolation the Mini-BESTest score worsened (p=0.005), and four patients reported one or more falls during the lockdown. BMI increased (p=0.031) while the remaining clinical variables including quality of life did not change.

Conclusion
We observed moderate worsening at Mini-BESTest, greater risk of falls and increased body weight as consequence of prolonged immobility. We believe negative effects were partially softened since patients were in contact with our multidisciplinary team during the lockdown and had previously received training to respond to the needs of this emergency isolation. These findings highligh the importnace of patient-centered interventions in PD management.