bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Experimental Assessment on the Influence of High Fuel Injection Pressure with Ternary Fuel (Diesel-Mahua methyl ester-Pentanol) on Performance, Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Common Rail Direct Injection Diesel Engine
Authors: Ramachander Jatoth , Gugulothu Santhosh Kumar , Sastry Gadepalli Ravikiran , Bhsker Burra 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper deals with analysis of the influence of fuel injection pressure with ternary fuel (diesel + Mahua methyl ester + Pentanol) on the emission, combustion and performance characteristics of a four stroke, single cylinder, common rail direct injection diesel engine working at a constant speed and varying operating scenarios. The usage of ternary fuel raised the NOx emission (12.46%) value and specific fuel consumption (SFC) with a decrease in the BTE (brake thermal efficiency) which attributes to its properties and combustion characteristics. The combustion process was affected by the physical properties of the blended fuel such as volatility and viscosity and this eventually affected the performance of the engine. The fuel injection pressure is varied from 20 MPa to 50 MPa so that ternary fuel can be properly utilized. The high injection pressure of 50 MPa has better combustion characteristics and higher brake thermal efficiency (4.39%) value than other injection pressure values. A better mixture is formed due to well atomized spray and as a result, the levels of CO (22.24%), HC (9.49%) and smoke (7.5%) falls with the increase in injection pressure.
Midbrain atrophy related to parkinsonism in a non-coding repeat expansion disorder: five cases of spinocerebellar ataxia type 31 with nigrostriatal dopaminergic dysfunction
Authors: Norioka Ryohei , Sugaya Keizo , Murayama Aki , Kawazoe Tomoya , Tobisawa Shinsuke , Kawata Akihiro , Takahashi Kazushi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 31 (SCA31) is caused by non-coding pentanucleotide repeat expansions in the BEAN1 gene. Clinically, SCA31 is characterized by late-adult onset, pure cerebellar ataxia. To explore the association between parkinsonism and SCA31, five patients with SCA31 with concomitant nigrostriatal dopaminergic dysfunction (NSDD) development, including three cases of L-DOPA responsive parkinsonism, were characterized.
Methods
To assess regional brain atrophy, cross-sectional and longitudinal imaging analyses were retrospectively performed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) planimetry. The midbrain-to-pons (M/P) area ratio and cerebellar area were measured on midsagittal T1-weighted MRI in five patients with SCA31 with concomitant NSDD (NSDD(+)), 14 patients with SCA31 without NSDD (NSDD(-)), 32 patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), and 15 patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). Longitudinal changes in the M/P area ratio were assessed by serial MRI of NSDD(+) (n = 5) and NSDD(-) (n = 9).
Results
The clinical characteristics assessed in the five patients with NSDD were as follows: the mean age at NSDD onset (72.0 ± 10.8 years), prominence of bradykinesia/akinesia (5/5), rigidity (4/5), tremor (2/5), dysautonomia (0/5), vertical gaze limitation (1/5), and abnormalities on 123I-ioflupane dopamine transporter scintigraphy (3/3) and 3-Tesla neuromelanin MRI (4/4). A clear reduction in the midbrain area and the M/P area ratio was observed in the NSDD(+) group (p < 0.05) while there was no significant difference in disease duration or in the pons area among the NSDD(+), NSDD(-), and PD groups. There was also a significant difference in the midbrain and pons area between NSDD(+) and PSP (p < 0.05). Thus, mild but significant midbrain atrophy was observed in NSDD(+). A faster rate of decline in the midbrain area and the M/P area ratio was evident in NSDD(+) (p < 0.05).
Conclusion
The clinical characteristics of five patients with SCA31 with concomitant NSDD, together with the topographical pattern of atrophy, were inconsistent with those of PD, PSP, or multiple system atrophy, suggesting that SCA31 may manifest NSDD in association with the pathomechanisms underlying SCA31.
Evaluation of microcirculation disorders in patients with severe COVID-19 by nail bed capillaroscopy
Authors: Ladozhskaya-Gapeenko Е. Е. , Khrapov К. N. , Polushin Yu. S. , Shlyk I. V. , Vartanova I. V. , Fionik А. М. , Danilova D. M. 
Published: March 2021

Microcirculation disorders caused by thrombosis are the most important factor determining the pathogenesis of organ damage in severe COVID-19 including the absence of obvious macrohemodynamic instability. However, there are very few publications demonstrating the results of intravital visualization of changes in the microcirculation system in this disease.The objective:to assess the state of microcirculation in patients with viral pneumonia associated with COVID-19 using nail bed microscopy.Subjects and methods.Eleven patients with COVID-19 were examined; they were admitted to the intensive care unit due to progressing acute respiratory failure. Vital microscopy of the microcirculatory bloodstream in the fingers’ nail bed was performed by admission and over time. When assessing microcirculation, the presence of aggregates in the lumen of capillaries and avascular zones, and the linear velocity of blood flow were taken into account. The results were summarized taking with the outcome consideration (6 people recovered, 5 died).Results.Microcirculation disorders were objectively confirmed in all patients. In 100% of cases, microaggregates were detected in the capillary lumen. The values of the mean linear velocity of capillary blood flow turned out to be extremely variable. However, the values of the maximum linear velocities of capillary blood flow in the patients who subsequently died were significantly lower versus survivors (190 μm/sec (135.5; 237) and 387 μm/sec (329.3; 407.5), p = 0.018). The irregularity of blood flow in the visualized field was revealed: when the value of the maximum linear velocity in some capillaries was less than 180 µm/sec, in others, disturbances in the form of pendulum-like movement were already noted. Further slowing down of the blood flow velocity led to the development of stasis and the formation of avascular zones.Conclusion.Impaired microcirculation (decreased blood flow rate in the capillaries, the presence of microaggregates and a lower number of perfused capillaries in the form of avascular zones) develops in all patients with severe COVID-19.
Assessment of the 31-Gene Expression Profile Test by Dermatologists: A Cross-Sectional Survey from National Dermatology Conferences
Authors: Marson Justin , Litchman Graham , Svoboda Ryan , Glazer Alex , Farberg Aaron , Winkelmann Richard , Rigel Darrell 
Published: March 2021

Background: The 31-gene expression profile (31-GEP) test uses 31 genetic markers obtained from the initial biopsy of a melanoma to assess melanoma-specific survival and sentinel lymph node positivity.
Objective: To assess the professional understanding, opinions, and clinical usage of the 31-GEP test by dermatologists.
Methods: Data from 589 unique dermatologists were collected during 2 virtual, nation-wide dermatology conferences via an 18-question survey on practice demographics and their clinical use and opinion of the 31-GEP test.
Results: Participants reported that integrating the 31-GEP test may benefit patients by increasing knowledge and understanding (72.5%), personalizing treatment options (58.8%), and easing uncertainty about the future (59.7%). Benefits of using the 31-GEP test included identifying true negative patients in high-risk populations (65.6%) as well as true positives in low-risk populations (70.6%).A majority of participants also noted that if a patient received a 31-GEP Class 2B result, they would escalate subsequent management even if the lesions were classified as T1 (61.4%) or AJCC8 Stage I (59.0%). 84.9% of participants were somewhat to very likely to use 31-GEP testing for patient management or recommend this test to a colleague.
Limitations: Potential respondent-selection and recall bias.
Conclusion: Dermatologists are increasingly integrating the 31-GEP test into their melanoma clinical management decisions. As the 31-GEP test becomes more prevalent in practice, patients may benefit from decreased anxiety and uncertainty from enhanced prognosis, decreased need for unwarranted procedures such as sentinel lymph node biopsy and optimized allocation of healthcare resources.
Global Burden of Skin and Subcutaneous Disease: A Longitudinal Analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study From 1990-2017
Authors: Giesey Rachel Lynn , Mehrmal Sino , Uppal Prabhdeep , Delost Gregory 
Published: March 2021

Background: The global prevalence and disability of skin and subcutaneous diseases have grown annually in recent decades. Large-scale epidemiologic data is useful for better characterization of skin disease to create more impactful and sustainable interventions.
Methods: We assessed multiple global trends in skin and subcutaneous disease from 1990 to 2017 in 195 countries worldwide through the latest Global Burden of Disease Study results from 2017.
Results:Skin and subcutaneous disease grew 46.8% between 1990 to 2017 and is ranked fourth by incidence of all causes of disease. There is global variation in disease burden when stratified by age, sex, geographic regions, and sociodemographic index. Many global regions experience disproportionately elevated disease burden from certain subcategories of skin and subcutaneous disease. Wealthier countries generally experienced the highest age-standardized disability rates of skin and subcutaneous disease.
Conclusion: The incidence, prevalence, and disability of skin and subcutaneous diseases are increasing disproportionately among countries and sociodemographic groups. This data may improve our understanding of skin and subcutaneous diseases to direct funding and resources to reduce global disparities.
Diagnostic accuracy of chest computed tomography in improving the false negative rate as compared to reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction in coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia
Authors: Ravikanth Reddy 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Early differentiation between emergency department (ED) patients with and without coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is very important. The diagnosis of COVID-19 depends on real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). On imaging, computed tomography (CT) manifestations resemble those seen in viral pneumonias, with multifocal ground-glass opacities and consolidation in a peripheral distribution being the most common findings. Although these findings lack specificity for COVID-19 diagnosis on imaging grounds, CT could be used to provide objective assessment about the extension of the lung opacities, which could be used as an imaging surrogate for disease burden. We set out to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of chest CT scanning in detecting COVID-19 in a population with suspected COVID-19 patients.

Materials and Methods:
In this cross-sectional single-center study performed on 348 cases with clinical suspicion of COVID-19, all adult symptomatic ED patients had both a CT scan and a PCR upon arrival at. CT results were compared with PCR test (s) and diagnostic accuracy was calculated.

Results:
Between February 15, 2020, and June 30, 2020, 348 symptomatic patients were included. In total, 62.3% of patients had a positive PCR and 69.8% had a positive CT, resulting in a sensitivity of 94.2%, specificity of 76.7%, likelihood ratio (LR) of +2.94 and (LR) −0.18. The sensitivity of the CT tended to be higher in those with acute respiratory distress syndrome (100.0%, P = 0.017) and severe COVID-19 (98.5%, P = 0.027) than in patients with mild (82.5%, P = 0.047) and moderate COVID-19 (89.3%, P = 0.039). The diagnostic ability of chest CT was found to be high with 86.3% concordance between findings of CT and PCR. In 48 (13.7%) patients, discordant findings between CT and PCR were observed. In most cases, the CT scan was considered suspicious for COVID-19, while the PCR was negative (37/48, 77.0%). In the majority of these, the diagnosis at discharge was pulmonary infection (n = 26; 54.1%).

Conclusion:
The accuracy of chest CT in symptomatic COVID suspect patients is high, but when used as a single diagnostic test, CT cannot accurately diagnose or exclude COVID-19. Therefore, we recommend a combination of both CT and RT-PCR for future follow-up, management, and medical surveillance.
COVID-19 and smoking
Authors: Heydari Gholamreza , Arfaeinia Hossein 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Few studies have shown that smokers are more likely than nonsmokers to contract COVID-19, while others report that smokers are underrepresented among those requiring hospital treatment for this illness. This study was designed and implemented for investigating the severity and outcome of COVID-19 based on underlying smoking status.

Materials and Methods:
This was a case–control study that was implemented in Tehran and Ahvaz with all COVID-19 patients from February to July 2020. Patients were divided into two groups of COVID-19 positive (1044 cases) and negative (1231 controls) randomly based on entrance number.

Results:
The frequency of smokers in the case group is significantly lower than the control group (15.4% vs. 28%). However, the number of days of hospitalization and the use of more than 3 medications in the group of smokers were significantly higher. A comparison between groups of case and control based on smoking indicates that the death rate was significantly higher in smokers with COVID-19.

Conclusions:
The results of this study showed that although the number of smokers in COVID-19 patients is significantly lower, smokers run an aggresive curse and have higher mortality.
Editors comments Our Common Futures of Sustainable Work - Concluding Reflections
Authors: Abrahamsson Kenneth 
Published: March 2021

These concluding remarks are divided into two sections and comprise both an overview of European policies on decent and sustainable work and a bird’s eye's view of the development of Swedish working life research in a European context. The concept of sustainable work has over the years encountered difficulties of being included in the Social Sustainability family. The launching of SDG 8 on Decent Work and Economic Growth with its focus on inclusive, and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment, and decent work for all has given sustainable work a new and stronger position as a vision for good work. The launching of the consultation of European Pillar of Social Rights in 2017 highlights the importance of future of work and welfare systems in Europe. The role of the social dialogue for sustainable and greener jobs are crucial in a future perspective. Sustainable welfare, social protection and social equality are prerequisites for decent and sustainable work. Working life research in Sweden has over the years interacted in various manners with the European policy and research communities. The Swedish National Institute for Working Life, abolished in 2006/07 created several European encounters, early in the new millennium, and the idea of sustainable work did have Swedish roots. Horizon Europe, current research on the Nordic labour market model and various European platforms and networks opens new windows for the social dialogue on the future European workplace. This policy discussion is urgently needed in times of Covid-19, digitalisation, and the Green Deal and pave the way for new European research programmes.
&ldquo;Conservative Bonded Restoration (An Alternative to Full Coverage Crown): A Case Report on Endocrown
Authors: Mathew Josey , George Liza , Paul Sinju , Joy Aleesha , Bejoy Beulah M , Anitha Sethuparvathi 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe restoration of endodontically treated tooth (ETT) with substantial loss of the tooth structure is challenging as it carries a higher chance of biomechanical failure than vital tooth in restorative dentistry. Post combined with complete coverage restoration is a well-established technique to save such teeth from fracture, but it does not follow the minimal invasive principles of adhesive dentistry.Case descriptionThis case report describes the management of endodontically treated mandibular premolar with lithium disilicate glass-ceramic endocrown (Emax).ConclusionEndocrown is a feasible option for the restoration of extensively damaged posterior tooth after endodontic treatment. Since posterior teeth are vulnerable to tooth loss, endocrown, which is a single partial restoration, can be regarded as replacing a single crown with intraradicular retention.How to cite this articleBejoy BM, Anitha S, George L. Conservative Bonded Restoration (An Alternative to Full Coverage Crown): A Case Report on Endocrown. Cons Dent Endod J 2020;5(2):42–47.
TINJAUAN ALKITAB TERHADAP NILAI-NILAI KARAKTER DAN IMPLEMENTASINYA
Authors: Urbanus  
Published: March 2021

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk membahas tinjauan Alkitab terhadap nilai-nilai karakter dan implementasinya.
Ada beberapa masalah sosial yang terjadi di masyarakat Indonesia yang berskala nasional, seperti: korupsi, kolusi dan nepotisme yang saat ini selalu menjadi berita utama di setiap media massa. Masalah yang terjadi ini memiliki dampak yang besar bagi kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara. Setelah ditelusuri lebih dalam ternyata akar masalah dari persoalan sosial tersebut adalah karakter.
Alkitab adalah dasar dari pendidikan karakter Kristen.
Pendidikan karakter pada bangsa Yahudi, yaitu Allah memberikan didikan teosentris dan praktis, dengan keseimbangan sehat antara faktor-faktor dalam dengan luar. Efesus 4:13,
“Sampai kita semua telah mencapai kesatuan iman dan pengetahuan yang benar tentang Anak Allah, kedewasaan penuh, dan tingkat pertumbuhan yang sesuai dengan kepenuhan Kristus.” Setiap orang hendaknya memuliakan Allah melalui karakter yang baik. Oleh sebab itu nilai-nilai karakter yang sudah ditetapkan oleh Kemendikbud dapat diimplementasikan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.
Síndrome de Apert: Acrocefalosindactilia
Authors: Tirado Pérez Irina Suley , Castro Salas Ulfran de Jesús , Durán Martínez María Camila , Zárate Vergara Andrea Carolina 
Published: March 2021

Introducción: El síndrome de Apert tiene una incidencia variable. Se ha estimado una prevalencia de 1:160 mil nacimientos. Es de herencia autosómica dominante y se han encontrado algunos factores relacionados, como edad paterna avanzada.
Caso: Niña, recién nacida a término, con dificultad respiratoria, hipotonía, sindactilia y retardo del neurodesarrollo. Con Tomografía de Senos paranasales se reportó una malformación del canal semicircular lateral y del vestíbulo bilateral, se confirmó la presencia de una estenosis nasal derecha con desviación septal hacia la derecha y la presencia de estenosis bilateral de coanas. Con una TAC de cráneo se reportó Plagiocefalia unilateral izquierda y la presencia de craneosinostosis.
Evolución: En hospitalización se logró el retiro del oxígeno suplementario, recibió terapia miofuncional con lo que toleró adecuadamente la alimentación oral y se programó la corrección de estenosis de coanas en forma ambulatoria la cual se realizó a los 14 meses. A los 18 meses se realizó la cirugía de corrección de craneosinostosis con un avance fronto-orbitario, durante el período post-operatorio la paciente desarrolló una neumonía que fue tratada con antibióticos. Al resolverse el cuadro, fue dada de alta.
Conclusión: el Síndrome de Apert, un desorden congénito caracterizado por craneosinostosis coronal, sindactilia simétrica en las cuatro extremidades y malformaciones craneofaciales. El diagnóstico es clínico. El tratamiento es sintomático, relacionado con las diferentes malformaciones asociadas y se debe realizar un manejo interdisciplinario.
Genetic Variability and Divergence Studies on Yield under Delayed Sowing Conditions in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Vanisri S. , Laxmi V. Ishwrya , Wesly K. Charles , Priyanka B. , Sreedhar M. , Rahul Srikant 
Published: March 2021

Timely sowing is a critical factor in realizing the yield as it ensures the vegetative growth to crop up during a period of satisfactory temperatures and fits the cultivar maturity length and growing season. In the present investigation, 38 cold tolerant rice genotypes were studied under delayed sowing conditions at College Farm, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Hyderabad. The genotypes were evaluated for yield attributing traits with a view of understanding the extent of variability and diversity present among the genotypes that could be suitable for delayed sowing conditions with cold tolerance. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated significant differences for all the characters with high genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) values for tillers per plant, spikelet fertility, filled grains per panicle and seed yield per plant. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of the mean was observed for plant height, spikelet fertility, filled grains per panicle with higher variability indicating the presence of fixable gene action which may suggest a reliable crop improvement through selection of these traits. As association analysis could help the breeder to design selection strategies to improve grain yield, correlation studies were carried out which revealed the trait to be having positive relation with all the traits except panicle exertion and panicle length. Path coefficient analysis showed all the traits except panicle exertion and test weight to be exhibiting a direct positive effect on yield, selection for which should be emphasized on these positively associated traits for yield enhancement. Principal component analysis and D2 analysis together determined plant height, grain yield, panicle exertion, panicle length and yield per plant having higher contributions to the total variability, which could be taken into consideration in rice breeding programmes for further improvement in production.
A novel hydrogen peroxide evolved CHO host can improve the expression of difficult to express bispecific antibodies
Authors: Mistry Rajesh K. , Kelsall Emma , Sou Si Nga , Barker Harriet , Jenns Mike , Willis Katie , Zurlo Fabio , Hatton Diane , Gibson Suzanne J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe manufacture of bispecific antibodies by Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells is often hindered by lower product yields compared to monoclonal antibodies. Recently, reactive oxygen species have been shown to negatively impact antibody production. By contrast, strategies to boost cellular antioxidant capacity appear to be beneficial for recombinant protein expression. With this in mind, we generated a novel hydrogen peroxide evolved host using directed host cell evolution. Here we demonstrate that this host has heritable resistance to hydrogen peroxide over many generations, displays enhanced antioxidant capacity through the upregulation of several, diverse antioxidant defense genes such as those involved in glutathione synthesis and turnover, and has improved glutathione content. Additionally, we show that this host has significantly improved transfection recovery times, improved growth and viability properties in a fed‐batch production process, and elevated expression of two industrially relevant difficult to express bispecific antibodies compared to unevolved CHO control host cells. These findings demonstrate that host cell evolution represents a powerful methodology for improving specific host cell characteristics that can positively impact the expression of difficult to express biotherapeutics.