bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐Assembly of a Pyridine‐Based Amphiphile Complexed with Regioisomeric Dihydroxy Naphthalenes into Supramolecular Nanotubes with Different Inner Diameters
Authors: Kameta Naohiro , Kogiso Masaki 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA pyridine‐based amphiphile complexed with 1,5‐, 1,6‐, 2,6‐, or 2,7‐dihydroxy naphthalene self‐assembled in water to form nanotubes with inner diameters of 46, 38, 24, 18, and 11 nm in which the naphthalene molecules formed J‐type aggregates. In contrast, the amphiphile complexed with 1,2‐, 1,3‐, 1,4‐, 1,7‐, 1,8‐, or 2,3‐dihydroxy naphthalene formed nanofibers in which the naphthalene molecules formed H‐type aggregates. The inner diameter of the nanotubes strongly depended on the regioisomeric dihydroxy naphthalene. UV–vis, fluorescence, infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry showed that nanotubes with smaller inner diameters had weaker intermolecular hydrogen bonds between the tilted amphiphiles complexed with the naphthalene molecules within the membrane walls and showed larger Stokes shifts in the excimer fluorescence of the naphthalene moiety. These findings should be useful not only for fine‐tuning the inner diameters of supramolecular nanotubes but also for controlling the aggregation states of functional aromatic molecules to generate nanostructures with useful optical and electronic properties in water.
Temporal changes in the probability of live birth among female survivors of childhood cancer: A population‐based Adult Life After Childhood Cancer in Scandinavia (ALiCCS) study in five nordic countries
Authors: Licht Sofie de Fine , Rugbjerg Kathrine , Andersen Elisabeth W. , Nielsen Thomas T. , Norsker Filippa Nyboe , Kenborg Line , Holmqvist Anna S. , Madanat‐Harjuoja Laura‐Maria , Tryggvadottir Laufey , Stovall Marilyn , Wesenberg Finn , Hjorth Lars , Hasle Henrik , Winther Jeanette F. ,   the Adult Life After Childhood Cancer in Scandinavia Study Group
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUNDDuring the past 4 decades, there has been a growing focus on preserving the fertility of patients with childhood cancer; however, no large studies have been conducted of live births across treatment decades during this period. Therefore, the authors estimated the potential birth deficit in female childhood cancer survivors and the probability of live births.METHODSIn total, 8886 women were identified in the 5 Nordic cancer registries in whom a childhood cancer had been diagnosed during 1954 through 2006. A population comparison cohort of 62,903 women was randomly selected from the central population registries matched by age and country. All women were followed for live births recorded in medical birth registries. The cumulative probability and the risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of a live birth were calculated by maternal age across treatment decades.RESULTSThe probability of a live birth increased with treatment decade, and, at age 30 years, the rate for survivors most recently diagnosed was close to the rate among the general population (1954‐1969: RR, 0.65 [95% CI, 0.54‐0.78]; 1970s: RR, 0.67 [95% CI, 0.60‐0.74]; 1980s: RR, 0.69 [95% CI, 0.64‐0.74]; 1990s: RR, 0.91 [95% CI, 0.87‐0.95]; 2000s: RR, 0.94 [95% CI, 0.91‐0.97]).CONCLUSIONSFemale childhood cancer survivors had a lower probability of a live birth than women in the general population, although, in survivors diagnosed after 1989, the probability was close to that of the general population. Because the pattern of live births differs by cancer type, continuous efforts must be made to preserve fertility, counsel survivors, and refer them rapidly to fertility treatment if necessary.LAY SUMMARY

The purpose of this study was to compare the probability of giving birth to a liveborn child in female survivors of childhood cancer with that of women in the general population.

Survivors of childhood cancer had a lower probability of live births than women in the general population, although survivors diagnosed after 1989 had a probability close to that of the general population.

Continuing focus on how to preserve the potential for fertility among female patients with childhood cancer during treatment is important to increase their chances of having a child.
Morphology of P2X3‐immunoreactive basket‐like afferent nerve endings surrounding serosal ganglia and close relationship with vesicular nucleotide transporter‐immunoreactive nerve fibers in the rat gastric antrum
Authors: Hirakawa Masato , Yokoyama Takuya , Yamamoto Yoshio , Saino Tomoyuki 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe previously reported P2X3 purinoceptor (P2X3)‐expressing vagal afferent nerve endings with large web‐like structures in the subserosal tissue of the antral lesser curvature, suggesting that these nerve endings were one of the vagal mechanoreceptors. The present study investigated the morphological relationship between P2X3‐immunoreactive nerve endings and serosal ganglia in the rat gastric antrum by immunohistochemistry of whole‐mount preparations using confocal scanning laser microscopy. P2X3‐immunoreactive basket‐like subserosal nerve endings with new morphology were distributed laterally to the gastric sling muscles in the distal antrum of the lesser curvature. Parent axons ramified into numerous nerve fibers with pleomorphic flattened structures to form basket‐like nerve endings, and the parent axons were originated from large net‐like structures of vagal afferent nerve endings. Basket‐like nerve endings wrapped around the whole serosal ganglia, which were characterized by neurofilament 200 kDa‐immunoreactive neurons with or without neuronal nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity and S100B‐immunoreactive glial cells. Furthermore, basket‐like nerve endings were localized in close apposition to dopamine beta‐hydroxylase‐immunoreactive sympathetic nerve fibers immunoreactive for vesicular nucleotide transporter. These results suggest that P2X3‐immunoreactive basket‐like nerve endings associated with serosal ganglia are the specialized ending structures of vagal subserosal mechanoreceptors in order to increase the sensitivity during antral peristalsis, and are activated by ATP from sympathetic nerve fibers and/or serosal ganglia for the regulation of mechanoreceptor function.
A deep neural network and random forests driven computer vision framework for identification and prediction of metanil yellow adulteration in turmeric powder
Authors: Mandal Dipankar , Chatterjee Arpitam , Tudu Bipan 
Published: July 2021

SummaryTurmeric (Curcuma longa) is a popular food ingredient which is widely used in powdered form. Despite different food and medicinal advantages it is often adulterated. Metanil yellow (MET) is one such synthetic chemical which can be easily mixed with turmeric powder and such mixing is difficult to detect. This paper presents a computer vision framework using the potential of deep neural network towards detection of MET adulteration in turmeric powder and random forests regressor to predict the possible amount of adulterant. An in‐house database consisting of features from turmeric images of five variants of pure and adulterated turmeric powder has been used for experimentations. A new frequency domain annular‐mean filter‐based feature extraction has been used. The results show the potential of the presented method that can perform with more than 98% accuracy in both identification and prediction tasks. The reported technique can be considered as a motivating step towards development of a non‐invasive and low‐cost mobile device towards food adulteration detection in future.
Signal processing for a reverse‐GPS wildlife tracking system: CPU and GPU implementation experiences
Authors: Rubinpur Yaniv , Toledo Sivan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe present robust high‐performance implementations of signal‐processing tasks performed by a high‐throughput wildlife tracking system called ATLAS. The system tracks radio transmitters attached to wild animals by estimating the time of arrival of radio packets to multiple receivers (base stations). Time‐of‐arrival estimation of wideband radio signals is computationally expensive, especially in acquisition mode (when the time of transmission is not known, not even approximately). These computations are a bottleneck that limits the throughput of the system. We developed a sequential high‐performance CPU implementation of the computations a few years back, and more recently a GPU implementation. Both strive to balance performance with simplicity, maintainability, and development effort, as most real‐world codes do. The article reports on the two implementations and carefully evaluates their performance. The evaluations indicates that the GPU implementation dramatically improves performance and power‐performance relative to the sequential CPU implementation running on a desktop CPU typical of the computers in current base stations. Performance improves by more than 50X on a high‐end GPU and more than 4X with a GPU platform that consumes almost 5 times less power than the CPU platform. Performance‐per‐Watt ratios also improve (by more than 16X), and so do the price‐performance ratios.
Galectin‐3 and CD117 immunocytochemistry in the diagnosis of indeterminate thyroid lesions: A pilot study
Authors: Dixit Sonali , Diwaker Preeti , Wadhwa Neelam , Arora Vinod K. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundIndeterminate thyroid lesions have always been a grey zone in the field of thyroid cytopathology. Immunocytochemistry (ICC) has emerged as a promising tool to correctly classify these indeterminate thyroid lesions into benign and malignant. Hence we planned to assess a panel of immune markers in the diagnosis of indeterminate thyroid lesions consisting of Galectin‐3, considered positive for malignancy and CD117 which is positive in benign follicular epithelial cells and negative in malignant lesions.MethodsAll the thyroid aspirates reported as indeterminate lesions over a period of 3 years were evaluated. Galectin‐3 and CD117 immunocytochemistry was done in 50 alcohol fixed Pap stained smears of AUS/FLUS, FN/SFN and SM category lesions. The expression of both immune markers was assessed by semi‐quantitative method and ICC score was calculated.ResultOf 50 indeterminate lesions, 29 were positive for Galectin‐3 and 21 were negative. CD117 was positive in 19 cases and rests 31 were negative. With the use of this ICC panel 29/30 indeterminate lesions in which histopathological correlation was available could be recategorized correctly into benign and malignant. The combined sensitivity and specificity of Galectin‐3 and CD117 for categorising the indeterminate lesions into malignant category was 100%.ConclusionThe combined use of positive and negative immune markers for thyroid malignancy increases the sensitivity and specificity of ICC to categorise the indeterminate thyroid lesions into benign and malignant. In cases with discordant ICC results we propose that inclusion of one additional positive and/or negative marker may resolve the diagnostic dilemma.
Heat and mass transfer in an unsteady squeezed Casson fluid flow with novel thermophysical properties: Analytical and numerical solution
Authors: Obalalu Adebowale M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study investigates the heat and mass transfer in an unsteady squeezing flow between parallel plates under the influence of novel variable diffusivity. In most of the literature, it is believed that the thermophysical properties of the fluid are unchanged. However, this present study bridges this gap by assuming that viscosity, conductivity, and diffusivity are all temperature‐dependent. Physically, an appropriate analysis of thermophysical variables in such a system is required to achieve the best performance for effective heat and mass transfer processes. The equations controlled were first nondimensional and then simplified by a similarity transformation to ordinary nonlinear differential equations. The present study provides a fast convergent method on finite parallel plates, namely, the optimal homotopy analysis method (OHAM) and spectral collocation method (SCM) are used to analyze the fluid flow, heat, and mass transport. The graphical and table understanding is given via an error table and flow behavior of physical parameters. The result reveals that the SCM is more accurate than OHAM. However, the method employed in this paper offers excellent convergence solutions with good accuracy. The solution convergence is also discussed. In this type of problem, squeeze numbers play an important role and the rise in the squeezing parameter increases the fluid temperature.
Development of the Bone Phenotype and microRNA Profile in Adults With Low‐Density Lipoprotein Receptor‐Related Protein 5–High Bone Mass (LRP5‐HBM) Disease
Authors: Lauterlein Jens‐Jacob Lindegaard , Gossiel Fatma , Weigl Moritz , Eastell Richard , Hackl Matthias , Hermann Pernille , Bollerslev Jens , Frost Morten 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTPathogenic variants in the Wnt‐pathway co‐receptor low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor‐related protein 5 (LRP5) cause high bone mass (LRP5‐HBM) due to insensitivity to the endogenous antagonist of Wnt‐signaling. Although indicating incessant progression of BMD and biomarkers reflecting bone formation, this has not been confirmed in individuals with LRP5‐HBM. We investigated how the LRP5‐HBM bone phenotype changes with age in adults and is associated with quantitative changes of bone turnover markers and bone‐related microRNAs (miRNAs) in the circulation. Whole body, lumbar spine, total hip, and femoral neck areal BMD (aBMD) and radial and tibial bone microarchitecture and geometry were assessed using DXA and HR‐pQCT scans of 15 individuals with LRP5‐HBMT253I (11 women; median age 51 years; range, 19 to 85 years) with a time interval between scans of 5.8 years (range, 4.9 to 7.6 years). Fasting P1NP and CTX were measured in 14 LRP5‐HBMT253I individuals and age‐, sex‐, and body mass index (BMI)‐matched controls, and 187 preselected miRNAs were quantified using qPCR in 12 individuals and age‐, sex‐, and BMI‐matched controls. DXA and HR‐pQCT scans were assessed in subjects who had reached peak bone mass (aged >25 years, n = 12). Femoral neck aBMD decreased by 0.8%/year (p = 0.01) and total hip by 0.3%/year, and radial volumetric BMD (vBMD) increased 0.3%/year (p = 0.03). Differences in bone turnover markers at follow‐up were not observed. Compared to controls, 11 of the 178 detectable miRNAs were downregulated and none upregulated in LRP5‐HBM individuals, and five of the downregulated miRNAs are reported to be involved in Wnt‐signaling. Bone loss at the hip in LRP5‐HBM individuals demonstrates that the bone phenotype does not uniformly progress with age. Differentially expressed miRNAs may reflect changes in the regulation of bone turnover and balance in LRP5‐HBM individuals. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Adsorptive purification of volatile methyl siloxanes in a digester biogas stream
Authors: Aydın Kızılkaya Yağmur Meltem , Uyak Vedat 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDSiloxanes, one of the various impurity contaminants contained in biogas, comprise a group of volatile organic silicon compounds that pose a major obstacle to biogas application as a consequence of their potential to severely damage energy conversion equipment. Therefore, volatile methyl siloxanes (VMSs) need to be effectively removed from biogas before application.RESULTSThe concentration profile of octamethlytrisiloxane (L3), octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4) and decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) in a biogas were determined. Then in order to investigate the adsorption characteristics of these three siloxane compounds, two commercial granular activated carbons (ACs) were tested for the removal of L3, D4 and D5 in a dynamic adsorption column using biogas streams. The observed concentrations of L3, D4 and D5 in the wastewater treatment plant biogas were 0.62 ± 0.20, 3.07 ± 0.66 and 4.67 ± 1.02 mg m−3, respectively. The best adsorption capacities of L3, D4 and D5 were calculated as 4, 22 and 107 mg g−1, respectively, in real biogas.CONCLUSIONThe adsorption capacity of AC2 was found to be higher than AC1 adsorbents for each siloxane compounds studied. Although the elemental and physical structure of the ACs were similar, and AC1's surface area was higher than AC2, AC2 was more effective in siloxane removal due to high mesoporosity causing excess Van der Waals interaction. The relatively higher mesoporous volume and lower rate of mesh size of AC2 resulted in higher adsorption of siloxane compounds. The order of the breaking points was determined as L3 < D4 < D5 in both AC types. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Molecular evaluation of five different isolation methods for extracellular vesicles reveals different clinical applicability and subcellular origin
Authors: Veerman Rosanne E. , Teeuwen Loes , Czarnewski Paulo , Güclüler Akpinar Gözde , Sandberg AnnSofi , Cao Xiaofang , Pernemalm Maria , Orre Lukas M. , Gabrielsson Susanne , Eldh Maria 
Published: July 2021

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are increasingly tested as therapeutic vehicles and biomarkers, but still EV subtypes are not fully characterised. To isolate EVs with few co‐isolated entities, a combination of methods is needed. However, this is time‐consuming and requires large sample volumes, often not feasible in most clinical studies or in studies where small sample volumes are available. Therefore, we compared EVs rendered by five commonly used methods based on different principles from conditioned cell medium and 250 μl or 3 ml plasma, that is, precipitation (ExoQuick ULTRA), membrane affinity (exoEasy Maxi Kit), size‐exclusion chromatography (qEVoriginal), iodixanol gradient (OptiPrep), and phosphatidylserine affinity (MagCapture). EVs were characterised by electron microscopy, Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis, Bioanalyzer, flow cytometry, and LC‐MS/MS. The different methods yielded samples of different morphology, particle size, and proteomic profile. For the conditioned medium, Izon 35 isolated the highest number of EV proteins followed by exoEasy, which also isolated fewer non‐EV proteins. For the plasma samples, exoEasy isolated a high number of EV proteins and few non‐EV proteins, while Izon 70 isolated the most EV proteins. We conclude that no method is perfect for all studies, rather, different methods are suited depending on sample type and interest in EV subtype, in addition to sample volume and budget.
Repeat virological and serological profiles in hospitalized patients initially tested by nasopharyngeal RT‐PCR for SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Reich Noah , Lowe Christopher F. , Puddicombe David , Matic Nancy , Greiner Jesse , Simons Janet , Leung Victor , Chu Terry , Naik Hiten , Myles Nick , Burns Laura , Romney Marc G. , Ritchie Gordon , Champagne Sylvie , Dooley Kent , Sekirov Inna , Stefanovic Aleksandra 
Published: July 2021

AbstractReal‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for SARS‐CoV‐2 is the mainstay of COVID‐19 diagnosis, yet there are conflicting reports on its diagnostic performance. Wide ranges of false‐negative PCR tests have been reported depending on clinical presentation, the timing of testing, specimens tested, testing method, and reference standard used. We aimed to estimate the frequency of discordance between initial nasopharyngeal (NP) PCR and repeat NP sampling PCR and serology in acutely ill patients admitted to the hospital. Panel diagnosis of COVID‐19 infection is further utilized in discordance analysis. Included in the study were 160 patients initially tested by NP PCR with repeat NP sampling PCR and/or serology performed. The percent agreement between initial and repeat PCR was 96.7%, while the percent agreement between initial PCR and serology was 98.9%. There were 5 (3.1%) cases with discordance on repeat testing. After discordance analysis, 2 (1.4%) true cases tested negative on initial PCR. Using available diagnostic methods, discordance on repeat NP sampling PCR and/or serology is a rare occurrence.
Sequential MAVS and MyD88/TRIF signaling triggers anti‐viral responses of tick‐borne encephalitis virus‐infected murine astrocytes
Authors: Ghita Luca , Breitkopf Veronika , Mulenge Felix , Pavlou Andreas , Gern Olivia Luise , Durán Verónica , Prajeeth Chittappen Kandiyil , Kohls Moritz , Jung Klaus , Stangel Martin , Steffen Imke , Kalinke Ulrich 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTick‐borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is typically transmitted upon tick bite and can cause meningitis and encephalitis in humans. In TBEV‐infected mice, mitochondrial antiviral‐signaling protein (MAVS), the downstream adaptor of retinoic acid‐inducible gene‐I (RIG‐I)‐like receptor (RLR) signaling, is needed to induce early type I interferon (IFN) responses and to confer protection. To characterize the brain‐resident cell subset that produces protective IFN‐β in TBEV‐infected mice, we isolated neurons, astrocytes, and microglia from mice and exposed these cell types to TBEV in vitro. Under such conditions, neurons showed the highest percentage of infected cells, whereas astrocytes and microglia were infected to a lesser extent. In the supernatant (SN) of infected neurons, IFN‐β was not detectable, while infected astrocytes showed high and microglia low IFN‐β expression. Transcriptome analyses of astrocytes implied that MAVS signaling was needed early after TBEV infection. Accordingly, MAVS‐deficient astrocytes showed enhanced TBEV infection and significantly reduced early IFN‐β responses. Nevertheless, at later time points, moderate amounts of IFN‐β were detected in the SN of infected MAVS‐deficient astrocytes. Transcriptome analyses indicated that MAVS deficiency negatively affected the induction of early anti‐viral responses, which resulted in significantly increased TBEV replication. Treatment with MyD88 and TRIF inhibiting peptides reduced only late IFN‐β responses of TBEV‐infected WT astrocytes and blocked entirely IFN‐β responses of infected MAVS‐deficient astrocytes. Thus, upon TBEV exposure of brain‐resident cells, astrocytes are important IFN‐β producers showing biphasic IFN‐β induction that initially depends on MAVS and later on MyD88/TRIF signaling.