bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attitudes, practices and experiences of medical specialists towards email communication with their patients
Authors: Clark Morgan , Kennard Alice , Watson D. Ashley 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe medical profession has been slow in embracing email as a means of improving communication with patients.AimsTo explore the attitudes, practices and experiences of senior medical specialists towards email communication with their patients.MethodsA cross‐sectional qualitative interview of 30 medical staff specialists employed by Canberra Health Services, administered through one‐on‐one interviews conducted between June and August 2020 (several months into the COVID‐19 pandemic). Main outcome measures are the comments extracted from the interviews that were categorised into five domains: (i) integration of email use with patients; (ii) issues addressed through email; (iii) benefits of email communication; (iv) concerns and barriers to email communication; and (v) practice pointers for email use with patients.ResultsRegular email correspondence with patients was not widespread. The main benefits identified were improved efficiency and flexibility, especially in the context of managing chronic disease and patient follow up. Participants also identified barriers, including time commitments, privacy and confidentiality, patient expectations and potential for misuse. Most participants were hesitant to endorse email with patients in their practices, citing concerns over the utility and safety of the medium and lack of established protocols and recommendations for email usage.ConclusionsThere is a want and need for comprehensive and accessible professional guidance on email use with patients. Our results indicate opportunities to inform good clinical practice in respect of doctor–patient relationships, clinical workloads and risk management. There is also a need for formal guidelines on emailing with patients. The COVID‐19 pandemic has heightened the need for such guidelines.
To combine or not to combine? Applying protection motivation theory and the theory of reasoned action to explain and predict intention to reduce meat consumption
Authors: Chen Mei‐Fang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractReducing meat consumption is one of the most crucial recommendations for achieving more sustainable food consumption and mitigating the harm caused by climate change. The aim of this study was to provide a more comprehensive framework for understanding consumer intention to reduce meat consumption. This study examined three models that were based on protection motivation theory (PMT), the theory of planned behavior (TPB), and a combination of PMT and the theory of reasoned action (TRA). These three models were evaluated against each other with respect to their ability to effectively explain and predict consumer intention to reduce meat consumption. The sample comprised 671 respondents in Taiwan. Structural equation modeling analyses revealed that the explanatory power of the combined PMT and TRA model and the original PMT model are almost equivalent; they could explain more than 85% of the variation in consumer intention to reduce meat consumption. However, the combined PMT and TRA model can provide a more comprehensive understanding of the determinants of consumer intention to reduce meat consumption. Both threat appraisal and coping appraisal contributed to consumer protection motivation. The TPB model explained more than 75% of the variance in consumer intention to reduce meat consumption; moreover, attitude, subjective norms, and self‐efficacy (a proxy for perceived behavioral control) were positive contributors. Although the TPB model is simple and has satisfactory explanatory power, the combined PMT and TRA model provided greater insights with higher explanatory power for consumer intention to reduce meat consumption.
Determination of VP2 sequence‐based virulence motifs and phylogenetic analysis of domestic Turkish IPNV ısolates
Authors: Tamer Cuneyt , Isıdan Hakan , Kalaycı Gulnur , Ozan Emre , Ozkan Buket , Albayrak Harun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractInfectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) is a highly contagious disease of young salmonid fish and is one of the most severe economic diseases in aquaculture. In Turkey, an increase in infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) outbreaks in freshwater rainbow trout have been reported in recent years. This study aimed to analyze the VP2 gene from recent IPNV isolates from Turkey to determine whether there are epidemiological links between IPNV isolates from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss; 62) and sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax; 1), wild turbot (Scophthalmus maximus; 1) and the environment in order to investigate potential wild and farmed fish interactions. In this study, 62 Turkish IPNV isolates collected over 10 years (2005–2014) from rainbow trout, sea bass and turbot were genotypically characterized. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that Turkish IPNV isolates are closely related to strains from Denmark, Iran and Spain and that all Turkish IPNV isolates belong to genogroup V, serotype A2 (Sp strain). Furthermore, low genetic diversity was found among the Turkish isolates (identity, 95.5%–100% nucleotides and 97.8%–100% amino acids). The result of the analysis of the amino acid residues found at positions 217, 221 and 247 (proline, threonine and alanine, respectively) could be associated with virulence.
Evaluation of the use of ampicillin‐ and streptomycin‐resistant Shiga toxin‐producing Escherichia coli to reduce the burden of background microbiota during food safety studies
Authors: Hayman Kaylan , Oguadinma Ikechukwu Chukwuma , Mishra Abhinav , Kumar Govindaraj Dev 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTracking artificially seeded foodborne pathogens in foods with high background microbiota is challenging. Wheat flour and its subsidiary products are known to carry a high native microbial load, which could interfere with tracking and enumeration of target organisms in such matrices. Shiga toxin‐producing Escherichia coli (STEC) serogroups O26, O121, and O157:H7 were transformed with the pGFPuv plasmid encoding ampicillin resistance (+Amp) and green fluorescent protein and were additionally conferred resistance to streptomycin (+Amp + Strep) through exposure to incremental concentrations of the antibiotic. Growth characteristics of these antibiotic‐resistant strains were compared to those of the nonresistant native strains (NR). The supplementation of ampicillin and ampicillin + streptomycin in growth media was evaluated for its ability to suppress growth of the native microbial load of three different commercial cake mixes. Antibiotic supplementation in growth media was successful in suppressing the native microbiota of the cake mixes, while the growth characteristics of the +Amp + Strep variants of the three STEC strains did not differ significantly from the NR strains (p > .05). These results indicate that STEC strains with ampicillin and streptomycin resistance markers have improved trackability over their wild‐type counterparts when isolated from food matrices with high background microbiota. These strains would be advantageous for use in laboratory experiments on STEC survival in wheat and wheat derived products as their detection and enumeration can occur without interference from native microbial load.
Endoscopic submucosal dissection for giant esophageal lipomatous tumors
Authors: Geng Zi‐Han , Xu Xiao‐Yue , Zhu Yan , Su Wei , Li Quan‐Lin , Zhou Ping‐Hong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackground and AimThoracotomy is the foremost choice of giant esophageal lipomatous tumors in previous studies, but it is highly traumatic and possibly diminishes the quality of patients' lives. To minimize such impacts, a minimally invasive method without loss of curability is desirable for giant lipomatous tumors of the esophagus. With recent progress in endoscopic techniques and devices, endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has been successfully used to remove esophageal or gastric submucosal tumors. In our study, we aimed to evaluate the clinical impact of ESD for giant esophageal lipomatous tumors.MethodsDesign, single‐center, retrospective study; setting, academic medical center; patients, six patients with six giant lipomatous tumors of the esophagus between February 2013 and December 2020; interventions, ESD; and main outcome measurements, procedure duration, en bloc resection rate, complications, local recurrence, and distant metastases.ResultsEndoscopic en bloc resections of esophageal lipomatous tumors were successfully performed in all patients, with a mean duration of 56.5 ± 26.0 min. All en bloc resection lesions showed both lateral and deep tumor‐free margins. The average maximum diameter of the esophageal lipomatous tumors was 171.7 ± 66.2 mm. No complications such as bleeding and perforations happened during hospitalization with 4.0 ± 1.6 days. Besides, local recurrence and distant metastasis have not occurred during the follow‐up period.ConclusionsEndoscopic submucosal dissection is a safe and effective way to dissect giant lipomatous tumors of the esophagus thoroughly.
Communication in Persons with Acquired Speech Impairment: The Role of Family as Language Brokers
Authors: Rubio‐Carbonero Gema 
Published: November 2021

More than 170 million people in the world have some kind of speech impairment. The lack of professional interpreters in this domain causes their families to need to learn new communicative strategies to interact with them and assist them as interpreters. The aim of this paper is to analyze the role of these non‐professional interpreters for adults with a speech impairment caused by an acquired brain injury. Data come from 13 qualitative interviews and participant observations of 7 persons with acquired brain injury and their families during 18 months. The paper shows the communicative and multimodal strategies these ad‐hoc interpreters use to understand the person with impaired speech and the strategies such persons use to make themselves understandable. It also shows how meaning is negotiated and jointly constructed, the power dynamics that emerge from interpreting practices and the impact this has on the speech‐impaired persons’ agency.
Associations Between Multiple Health‐Promoting Behaviors and Subjective Well‐Being in High School Age Youth
Authors: Smith Nicholas David W. , Bradley‐Klug Kathy L. , Suldo Shannon M. , Dedrick Robert F. , Shaffer‐Hudkins Emily J. 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDConceptualizations of health have expanded to include indicators of adolescents' physical and mental wellness, rather than solely the absence of diseases or disorders. Although extensive research has identified links between mental and physical wellness, few studies have investigated the relationship between health promotion and happiness, particularly in adolescent populations who may be at particular risk for engaging in health‐compromising behaviors, such as alcohol consumption.METHODSThis cross‐sectional study examined the relationship between 12 health‐promoting behaviors and subjective well‐being in a sample of 450 high school students from 2 states. Participants reported on their diet, physical activity, sleep hygiene habits, as well as abstinence from tobacco and alcohol products, and completed a multidimensional assessment of subjective well‐being.RESULTSFindings demonstrated that 7 of the 12 health‐promoting behaviors were significantly correlated with adolescents' subjective well‐being. A sizeable portion of the variance in adolescents' subjective well‐being (39.8%) was accounted for by the linear combination of the 12 health‐promoting behaviors of interest. Increased physical activity, sleep hygiene cognitive/emotional factors, and bedtime routine all were identified as unique predictors of subjective well‐being.CONCLUSIONSThese findings bring attention to the salience of daily physical activity and sleep hygiene and their associations with adolescents' happiness.
Practice patterns and outcomes associated with intravenous albumin in patients with cirrhosis and acute kidney injury
Authors: Patidar Kavish R. , Adibuzzaman Mohammad , Naved Mobasshir A. , Rodriquez Dylan , Slaven James E. , Grama Ananth , Desai Archita P. , Gomez Eduardo V. , Ghabril Marwan S. , Nephew Lauren , Samala Niharika R. , Anderson Melissa , Chalasani Naga P. , Orman Eric S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackground & AimsGuidelines recommend albumin as the plasma‐expander of choice for acute kidney injury (AKI) in cirrhosis. However, the impact of these recommendations on patient outcomes remains unclear. We aimed to determine the practice‐patterns and outcomes associated with albumin use in a large, nationwide‐US cohort of hospitalized cirrhotics with AKI.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was performed in hospitalized cirrhotics with AKI using Cerner‐Health‐Facts database from January 2009 to March 2018. 6786 were included for analysis on albumin‐practice‐patterns, and 4126 had available outcomes data. Propensity‐score‐adjusted model was used to determine the association between albumin use, AKI‐recovery and in‐hospital survival.ResultsMedian age was 61‐years (60% male, 70% white), median serum‐creatinine was 1.8 mg/dL and median Model for End‐stage Liver Disease Sodium (MELD‐Na) score was 24. Albumin was given to 35% of patients, of which 50% received albumin within 48‐hours of AKI‐onset, and 17% received appropriate weight‐based dosing. Albumin was used more frequently in patients with advanced complications of cirrhosis, higher MELD‐Na scores and patients admitted to urban‐teaching hospitals. After propensity‐matching and multivariable adjustment, albumin use was not associated with AKI‐recovery (odds ratio [OR] 0.70, 95% confidence‐interval [CI]: 0.59‐1.07, P = .130) or in‐hospital survival (OR 0.76 [95% CI: 0.46‐1.25], P = .280), compared with crystalloids. Findings were unchanged in subgroup analyses of patients with varying cirrhosis complications and disease severity.ConclusionsUSA hospitalized patients with cirrhosis and AKI frequently do not receive intravenous albumin, and albumin use was not associated with improved clinical outcomes. Prospective randomised trials are direly needed to evaluate the impact of albumin in cirrhotics with AKI.
Point mutations in the squalene epoxidase erg1 and sterol 14‐α demethylase erg11 gene of T indotineae isolates indicate that the resistant mutant strains evolved independently
Authors: Burmester Anke , Hipler Uta‐Christina , Elsner Peter , Wiegand Cornelia 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe T indotineae population shows a high amount of terbinafine resistant isolates based on different point mutations of squalene epoxidase erg1 (ergosterol) gene. A significant proportion of these isolates also show azole resistance.ObjectivesElucidation of the molecular mechanism for azole resistance, especially the identification of mutations in the sterol 14‐α demethylase Erg11 genes, which encode for enzymes interacting with azoles.MethodsSequencing of putative Erg11 genes and analysis of phenotypic resistance pattern using a microplate‐laser‐nephelometry‐based growth assay.ResultsFour different types of Erg11B mutants were detected; two double mutants with Ala230Thr/Asp441Gly, respectively, Ala230/Tyr444His and single mutants with Gly443Glu, Tyr444Cys and Tyr444His. All isolates featured the wild type genotype of Erg11A. All strains demonstrated different combinations of Erg1 and Erg11 genotypes.ConclusionResistance against terbinafine and azoles developed several times independently within the T indotineae population. The challenge for fungal treatment is, therefore, that species identification is not enough for prediction of therapeutic efficacy of antifungals. In the future, it will also become important to analyse genes involved in resistance mechanisms.
Photoprotective Effect of Artemisia sieversiana Ehrhart Essential Oil Against UVB‐induced Photoaging in Mice
Authors: Zhou Ying , He Lei , Zhang Nan , Ma Li , Yao Lei 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTPhotoaging refers to the extrinsic aging resulting from ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, which impacts skin appearance and is accompanied by the risk of skin carcinoma. Developing natural products as photoprotective agents is of great interest in cosmetic industry nowadays. The present study aimed at investigating the possible use of Artemisia sieversiana Ehrhart essential oil (AEO) for the prevention of photoaging induced by UVB. AEO was characterized by chamazulene, which accounted for 38.92% among total 51 identified compounds. In in vitro assays, AEO was found to be a moderate antioxidant and good UVB filter with photostability. A UVB‐induced photoaging mice model was established with three AEO formulations (0.1%, 0.5% and 1.5%, w/w) topically applied prior to UVB irradiation. The activities of catalase, particularly superoxide dismutase of skin increased, while malondialdehyde content decreased in AEO groups as compared with model controls. The production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP‐1 and MMP‐3) and depletion of hydroxyproline in skin were inhibited by AEO in a dose‐dependent manner. Histological evaluation indicated that AEO decreased epidermal thickness, inflammatory cell infiltration, collagen degradation and elastin aberrance. These findings indicated that AEO could be a promising sunscreen agent in protecting the skin against photoaging.
Podophyllotoxin‐combined 5‐aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy significantly promotes HR‐HPV‐infected cell death
Authors: Wang Jingying , Wang Qi , Chen Pingjiao , Li Qian , Li Zhijia , Xu Meinian , Zeng Kang , Li Changxing 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV) infection and related diseases are difficult clinical challenges. The efficacy of 5‐aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA‐PDT) in treating condyloma acuminata is remarkable, with high virus clearance and low recurrence rates. Podophyllotoxin (POD) is the first‐line drug with a significant therapeutic effect on condyloma acuminata. However, no studies have determined whether POD‐combined ALA‐PDT improves high‐risk (HR)‐HPV‐infected cell killing. We aimed to investigate whether POD‐combined ALA‐PDT could promote HPV‐infected cell death more effectively than the single treatment and explore the underlying mechanism.MethodsIn HeLa and SiHa cells, flow cytometry, EdU assay and LDH release test were used to detect apoptosis, cell proliferation change and necrosis, respectively. To investigate whether the combined therapy might activate apoptosis and induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, flow cytometry was used to determine intracellular levels of ROS and calcium, and Western blotting was used to determine the expression of related proteins. Mitochondrial membrane depolarization was detected by JC‐1 assay. Immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting were used to detect the activation of autophagy.ResultsPodophyllotoxin ‐combined ALA‐PDT inhibited the proliferation and promoted apoptosis and necrosis more effectively than the single treatment at the same intensity and concentration. The activation of the caspase‐dependent apoptosis pathway, ER stress and autophagy was more substantial in POD‐combined ALA‐PDT than with single treatments.ConclusionPodophyllotoxin ‐combined ALA‐PDT effectively promoted cell death through several pathways in HeLa and SiHa cells. This combination might be a promising therapeutic strategy for the HR‐HPV infection.
Potassium ion channel gene family provides new insights into powdery mildew responses in Triticum aestivum
Authors: Hu Yifeng , Xia Pengliang , Niu Hongli , Wu Xingyang , Gong Shuangjun , Ma Dongfang , Li Yan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe chromosomal localization, gene structure, transmembrane proteins, and transcriptome of the wheat Shaker family genes were analysed. The expression patterns of wheat Shaker genes under different stresses were investigated using reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT‐qPCR). The effect of potassium ion treatment on wheat disease severity caused by powdery mildew was evaluated. To further investigate whether wheat Shaker genes also have inhibitory effects on other pathogens, Nicotiana benthamiana transiently overexpressing Shaker genes was inoculated with Phytophthora infestans and the effects on P. infestans infection judged by leaf lesion diameter. A total of 25 Shaker genes were identified in wheat (TaShaker genes) and were classified into four groups based on phylogenetic analysis. Chromosome mapping results indicated that the 25 TaShaker genes were distributed on 14 chromosomes in wheat (2B, 4A, 4B, 4D, 5A, 5B, and 5D). Gene structure analysis revealed the untranslated region structures were missing in some TaShaker genes, with the number of introns ranging from 7 to 11. Protein transmembrane prediction analysis indicated that there were multiple TaShaker transmembrane proteins. The results of the RT‐qPCR analysis indicated that TaShaker genes were not only involved in regulating drought stress, but could also resist infection by Fusarium graminearum and powdery mildew. This study also found that spraying potassium ion solutions at the seedling stage could reduce the severity of powdery mildew infection in wheat. Moreover, transient overexpression of TaShaker5.1‐3A in N. benthamiana leaves could inhibit P. infestans infection.
Communication related to medication incidents—A concept analysis and literature review
Authors: Syyrilä Tiina , Vehviläinen‐Julkunen Katri , Manias Elizabeth , Bucknall Tracey , Härkänen Marja 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAims(1) To identify and analyse the conceptual framework and operationalise the concept of communication issues related to medication incidents in hospital to facilitate the development of a future tool for measuring frequencies of the communication issues. (2) To determine how the concept is distinct from related concepts.DesignConcept analysis.Data sourcesTwenty‐three articles from seven scientific databases covering the years 2010–2020 and two official documents.MethodsWalker and Avant’s concept analysis method was used. That was started by a systematised literature review on 2 November 2020 using specified criteria. Two authors evaluated articles’ quality by Joanna Brigg's Institute's criteria. Literature review results were analysed deductive‐inductively; conceptual framework was developed and concept defined presenting case scenarios. EQUATOR’s standards were used in study reporting.ResultsA conceptual framework and the concept of ‘communication related to medication incidents in hospitals’ were defined, comprising six main attribute categories: (1) communication dyads involved in communication, (2) patients’ or professionals’ individual issues, (3) institutional, (4) contextual and process issues, (5) communication concerning medication prescriptions and (6) qualitative characteristics of communication. The categories consisted of 128 quantitatively measurable and 10 qualitative attributes describing communication issues. The concept is distinct from related concepts by collating fragmented communication issues into the same concept.ConclusionThe 128‐item conceptual framework and the concept of communication related to medication incidents in hospitals were defined, as there was not one. The concept assembled parts of previous theories and fragmented information to one entity. The concept needs further condensing and validation to develop a tool for measuring communication issues.Impact on medication safetyThe conceptual framework can be used in practice and education as indicative rationale for reflection of current communication issues. The concept contributes to research by providing necessary grounding for tool development for measuring communication factors relating medication incidents.