bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome sequence, transcriptome, and annotation of rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis N67
Authors: Zhang Cui , Oguz Cihan , Huse Sue , Xia Lu , Wu Jian , Peng Yu-Chih , Smith Margaret , Chen Jack , Long Carole A. , Lack Justin , Su Xin-zhuan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Rodent malaria parasites are important models for studying host-malaria parasite interactions such as host immune response, mechanisms of parasite evasion of host killing, and vaccine development. One of the rodent malaria parasites is Plasmodium yoelii, and multiple P. yoelii strains or subspecies that cause different disease phenotypes have been widely employed in various studies. The genomes and transcriptomes of several P. yoelii strains have been analyzed and annotated, including the lethal strains of P. y. yoelii YM (or 17XL) and non-lethal strains of P. y. yoelii 17XNL/17X. Genomic DNA sequences and cDNA reads from another subspecies P. y. nigeriensis N67 have been reported for studies of genetic polymorphisms and parasite response to drugs, but its genome has not been assembled and annotated.

Results
We performed genome sequencing of the N67 parasite using the PacBio long-read sequencing technology, de novo assembled its genome and transcriptome, and predicted 5383 genes with high overall annotation quality. Comparison of the annotated genome of the N67 parasite with those of YM and 17X parasites revealed a set of genes with N67-specific orthology, expansion of gene families, particularly the homologs of the Plasmodium chabaudi erythrocyte membrane antigen, large numbers of SNPs and indels, and proteins predicted to interact with host immune responses based on their functional domains.

Conclusions
The genomes of N67 and 17X parasites are highly diverse, having approximately one polymorphic site per 50 base pairs of DNA. The annotated N67 genome and transcriptome provide searchable databases for fast retrieval of genes and proteins, which will greatly facilitate our efforts in studying the parasite biology and gene function and in developing effective control measures against malaria.
Characteristics and variation of fecal bacterial communities and functions in isolated systolic and diastolic hypertensive patients
Authors: Wang Pan , Dong Ying , Zuo Kun , Han Chunming , Jiao Jie , Yang Xinchun , Li Jing 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Hypertension (HTN) is one of the major cardiovascular risk factors, which contributes to increasing target organ damages and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide. Isolated systolic HTN (ISH) and isolated diastolic HTN (IDH) are two important subtypes of HTN. Previous researches have demonstrated the alteration of fecal bacteria in HTN, but not down to these two sub-types. In order to identify whether the composition of bacterial taxa and functional modules shift in ISH and IDH, we performed a metagenomic sequencing analysis of fecal samples from 15 controls, 14 ISH, and 11 IDH.

Results
Compared with control and ISH, IDH patients showed decreased gene number, bacterial richness, and evenness, although the bacterial alterations did not reach statistical significance in the Shannon index. Also, at the genus level, the β-diversity for intestinal flora in IDH was distinguishable from those with ISH. Furthermore, the taxonomic composition of ISH or IDH was different from that of healthy control at genus and species levels. Patients with IDH or ISH were confirmed to be enriched with Rothia mucilaginosa, along with reduced Clostridium sp. ASBs410. Lastly, the altered KEGG modules were significantly decreased in IDH compared with the control group, such as sodium transport system; while for ISH, functions relevant to biotin biosynthesis were decreased.

Conclusions
Overall, our results showed the disordered fecal bacteria profiles in subjects with ISH and especially IDH, emphasizing the significance of early intervention for IDH.
A short-term musical training affects implicit emotion regulation only in behaviour but not in brain activity
Authors: Berthold-Losleben M. , Papalini S. , Habel U. , Losleben K. , Schneider F. , Amunts K. , Kohn N. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
In everyday life, negative emotions can be implicitly regulated by positive stimuli, without any conscious cognitive engagement; however, the effects of such implicit regulation on mood and related neuro-mechanisms, remain poorly investigated in literature. Yet, improving implicit emotional regulation could reduce psychological burden and therefore be clinically relevant for treating psychiatric disorders with strong affective symptomatology.

Results
Music training reduced the negative emotional state elicited by negative odours. However, such change was not reflected at the brain level.

Conclusions
In a context of affective rivalry a musical training enhances implicit regulatory processes. Our findings offer a first base for future studies on implicit emotion regulation in clinical populations.
Development of a temporally harmonized asset index: evidence from across 50 years of follow up of a birth cohort in Guatemala
Authors: Varghese Jithin Sam , Maluccio John A. , Cunningham Solveig A. , Ramirez-Zea Manuel , Stein Aryeh D. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Asset-based indices are widely-used proxy measures of wealth in low and middle-income countries (LMIC). The stability of these indices within households over time is not known.

Methods
We develop a harmonized household asset index using Principal Component Analysis for the participants (n = 2392) of INCAP Longitudinal Study, Guatemala using data from six waves of follow-up over the period of 1965–2018. We estimate its cross-sectional association with parental schooling (in 1967–75) and attained schooling (in 2015–18) of cohort members. We study how patterns of cross-sectional loadings change over time and between urban-rural settings. We assess its robustness to omission of assets or study waves and alternate specifications of factor extraction procedure (exploratory factor analysis, multiple correspondence analysis).

Results
The harmonized index constructed using 8 assets and 11 housing characteristics explained 32.4% of the variance. Most households increased in absolute wealth over time with median wealth (25th percentile, 75th percentile; households) increasing from − 3.74 (− 4.42, − 3.07; 547) in 1967 to 2.08 (1.41, 2.67; 1145) in 2017–18. Ownership of television, electricity, quality of flooring and sanitary installation explained the largest proportion of variance. The index is positively associated with measures of schooling (maternal: r = 0.16; paternal: r = 0.10; attained: r = 0.35, all p < 0.001). In 2015–18, house ownership versus housing characteristics and ownership of electronic goods differentiate households in urban and rural areas respectively. The index is robust for omission of assets or study waves, indicator categorization and factor extraction method.

Conclusion
A temporally harmonized asset index constructed from consistently administered surveys in a cohort setting over time may allow study of associations of life-course social mobility with human capital outcomes in LMIC contexts. The approach permits exploration of trends in household wealth of the sample over a follow-up period against repeated cross-sectional surveys which permit the estimation of only the mean trajectory.
Antibiotic resistance among the Lahu hill tribe people, northern Thailand: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Intahphuak Sophaphan , Apidechkul Tawatchai , Kuipiaphum Patita 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Antibiotic resistance is often reported and great concerned as one of public health problems especially people living with poverty in developing countries including Thailand. The hill tribe people is defined as vulnerable population for antibiotic resistance in Thailand due to poor economic and education status particularly the Lahu people who is the second greatest group of the hill tribe people in Thailand. The study aimed to estimate the prevalence, factors associated with, and typing major species of bacteria with antibiotic drugs resistance among the Lahu hill tribe people in northern Thailand.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted to gather the information from the participants. A validated questionnaire was used for data collection. Participants who presented an illness related to infectious diseases were eligible to participate the study and were asked to obtain specific specimen; sputum, urine or stool. Antibiotic susceptibility was tested by Kirbey Bauer’s disc diffusion test. Chi-square and logistic regression were used to detect the associations between variables at the significant level of α = 0.05.

Results
A total of 240 participants were recruited into the study. The majority had urinary tract infection (67.9%) with two major pathogenic species of the infection; Escherichia coli (12.8%), and Enterobacter cloacae (8.0%). The prevalence of antibiotic resistance was 16.0%. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae species were found to have multidrug resistance that was greater than that of other species, while ampicillin was found to have the greatest drug resistance. It was found that those who had poor knowledge of antibiotic use had a 2.56-fold greater chance (95% CI = 1.09–5.32) of having antibiotic resistance than did those who had good knowledge of antibiotic use, and those who had poor antibiotic use behaviors had a 1.79-fold greater chance (95% CI = 1.06–4.80) of having antibiotic resistance than did those who had good antibiotic use behaviors.

Conclusion
Effective public health interventions are urgently needed to reduce antibiotic drug resistance among the Lahu people by improving their knowledge and skills regarding the proper use of antibiotics and eventually minimizing antibiotic resistance. Moreover, health care professionals should strictly follow the standard guideline to prescribe antibiotics.
Trastuzumab administration during pregnancy: an update
Authors: Andrikopoulou Angeliki , Apostolidou Kleoniki , Chatzinikolaou Spyridoula , Bletsa Garyfalia , Zografos Eleni , Dimopoulos Meletios-Athanasios , Zagouri Flora 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Over than one third (28–58%) of pregnancy-associated breast cancer (PABC) cases are characterized by positive epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (HER2) expression. Trastuzumab anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody is still the benchmark treatment of HER2-positive breast tumors. However, FDA has categorized Trastuzumab as a category D drug for pregnant patients with breast cancer. This systemic review aims to synthesize all currently available data of trastuzumab administration during pregnancy and provide an updated view of the effect of trastuzumab on fetal and maternal outcome.

Methods
Eligible articles were identified by a search of MEDLINE bibliographic database and ClinicalTrials.gov for the period up to 01/09/2020; The algorithm consisted of a predefined combination of the words “breast”, “cancer”, “trastuzumab” and “pregnancy”. This study was performed in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines.

Results
A total of 28 eligible studies were identified (30 patients, 32 fetuses). In more than half of cases, trastuzumab was administered in the metastatic setting. The mean duration of trastuzumab administration during gestation was 15.7 weeks (SD: 10.8; median: 17.5; range: 1–32). Oligohydramnios or anhydramnios was the most common (58.1%) adverse event reported in all cases. There was a statistically significant decrease in oligohydramnios/anhydramnios incidence in patients receiving trastuzumab only during the first trimester (P = 0.026, Fisher’s exact test). In 43.3% of cases a completely healthy neonate was born. 41.7% of fetuses exposed to trastuzumab during the second and/or third trimester were born completely healthy versus 75.0% of fetuses exposed exclusively in the first trimester. All mothers were alive at a median follow-up of 47.0 months (ranging between 9 and 100 months). Of note, there were three cases (10%) of cardiotoxicity and decreased ejection fraction during pregnancy.

Conclusions
Overall, treatment with trastuzumab should be postponed until after delivery, otherwise pregnancy should be closely monitored.
Neurocognitive function among HIV-infected children on protease inhibitor -based versus non-protease inhibitor based antiretroviral therapy in Uganda: a pilot study
Authors: Nalwanga Damalie , Musiime Victor , Bangirana Paul , Nishiguchi Erika Phelps , Kiggwe Andrew , Ssesanga Titus , Ssenkusu John M. , Musoke Philippa , Cusick Sarah E. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
HIV infection is associated with significant neurocognitive deficits making maximization of cognitive function among children receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) a public health imperative. Non-protease inhibitors (non-PIs) achieve higher drug levels in the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) compared to PIs, potentially leading to better neurocognitive function by reducing CSF viral load and inflammation. ART that maximises children’s neurodevelopment and school achievement could result in improved quality of life and productivity as adults, but little research to date has examined whether non-PI ART is associated with better neurocognitive outcomes. We compared the neurocognitive function between children living with HIV receiving PI-based and non PI-based ART.

Methods
We recruited a consecutive sample of clinically stable Ugandan children living with HIV aged 5–12 years who received PI-based or non PI-based ART for ≥ 1 year (viral load < 1000 copies). Neurocognitive function was assessed using the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children, the Test of Variables of Attention, and Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency. Age-adjusted neurocognitive z-scores for the two groups were compared using linear regression models in STATA version 13. The Hommel’s method was used to adjust for multiple testing.

Results
We enrolled 76 children living with HIV; 34 on PI ART and 42 on non-PI ART. Mean (±SD) age was greater in the non-PI vs. PI group (9.5 ± 1.9 vs. 8.5 ± 2.0) years (p = 0.03). Children in the non-PI group had lower socioeconomic scores (5.7 ± 3.3 vs. 7.4 ± 2.8, p = 0.02). There was no difference in neurocognitive function between the groups (adjusted p > 0.05) for KABC and TOVA. Children in the PI group had better total BOT scores than their counterparts (46.07 ± 1.40) vs. 40.51 (1.24), p = 0.03).

Conclusions
We detected no difference in neurocognitive function among children on PI and non PI-based ART therapy based on KABC and TOVA tests. Children on PI based ART had better motor function than their counterparts. We recommend a prospective study with a larger sample size.
Laparoscopic infrapyloric lymph nodes dissection through the right bursa omentalis approach for gastric cancer
Authors: Yang Kun , Zhang Wei-Han , Liu Kai , Chen Xin-Zu , Chen Xiao-Long , Zhou Zong-Guang , Hu Jian-Kun 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
A complete dissection of infrapyloric lymph nodes is the key to a curative gastrectomy, which can be sometimes technically challenging in laparoscopic surgery.

Methods
One hundred and eighteen patients with gastric cancer undergoing laparoscopic gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy in which the infrapyloric lymph nodes were dissected through the right bursa omentalis approach were included. The clinicopathologic characteristics and surgical outcomes were analyzed retrospectively.

Results
The laparoscopic gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy was successful in all 118 patients with no open conversion. The mean operation time was 246.6 ± 45.7 min. The mean estimated blood loss was 87.0 ± 35.9 mL. Postoperative complications occurred in 17.8% of the patients, which were treated successfully with conservative therapy or aspiration in all. There were no No.6 lymphadenectomy-associated complications, such as injury of transverse colon, vessels of mesocolon, pancreas or duodenum, no pancreatitis, pancreatic leakage or postoperative hemorrhage. The mean postoperative hospital stay was 9.6 ± 3.7 days. On average, the total lymph nodes harvested were 36.8 ± 12.9, in which the ones from the infrapyloric area were 5.1 ± 3.1.

Conclusion
Laparoscopic dissection of infrapyloric lymph nodes through the right bursa omentalis approach seems to be feasible and safe, facilitating a more complete No.6 lymphadenectomy for gastric cancer.
Survey-based experiential learning as a new approach to strengthening non-technical skills in LMIC health care settings
Authors: Hodza-Beganovic Ruhija , Berggren Peter , Hugelius Karin , Edelbring Samuel 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
This study outlines key aspects of professional development among health professionals in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). LMICs need support in developing their continuing medical education, and non-technical skills (NTS) that have been neglected in this respect. Given the nature of NTS, educational methods should be used experientially. This study aims to explore an interactive educational approach to increase NTS among health care professionals in an LMIC setting.

Methods
A design-based research approach was applied to develop an educational method. Key NTS concepts were identified, which directed the selection of research-based surveys. A series of workshops was designed in which a survey-based experiential approach was developed. The educational process followed a pattern of individual reflection, small group discussion and relating the concepts to the local practice in a wider group.

Results
An approach to increase NTS in LMIC settings emerged in iterative development through conducting workshops with health care teams in the Balkans. The topics could be grouped into individual, team, and organisational dimensions. The approach can be described as survey-based experiential learning involving steps in recurring interaction with participants. The steps include identifying concepts in individual, team and organization dimensions and contextualising them using experiential learning on the individual and group levels.

Conclusion
An overarching approach has been developed that addresses NTS in an LMIC setting. The survey-based experiential learning approach can be beneficial for raising professional awareness and the development of sustainable healthcare settings in LMICs.
The impact of lean management on frontline healthcare professionals: a scoping review of the literature
Authors: Mahmoud Zeyad , Angelé-Halgand Nathalie , Churruca Kate , Ellis Louise A. , Braithwaite Jeffrey 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Lean management practices are increasingly used in hospitals. However, their impacts on staff have not been systematically synthesised. This scoping review aims to synthesise the evidence on the effects of Lean Management practices on frontline healthcare professionals.

Methods
A search was conducted in February 2020 on multiple databases to identify relevant sources. Studies had to satisfy the following inclusion criteria to be considered: published in English or French, peer-reviewed, empirical, studied the use of Lean in a healthcare setting and focused on its impacts on frontline workers. The studies included were heterogeneous in terms of participants. Findings were coded and classified using a thematic analysis. The quality and methodological rigour of the reviewed articles were assessed to establish a level of confidence in their findings.

Results
Of 998 identified articles, 17 were included in the review. The findings were coded into four themes: (1) Morale, motivation and job satisfaction (n = 9, 2) work intensification, job strain, anxiety, stress and dehumanisation (n = 7, 3) teamwork, communication and coordination (n = 6); and (4) learning, innovation and personal development (n = 3). Overall, the articles reported positive (n = 11), negative (n = 3) and mixed (n = 3) impacts of Lean on frontline healthcare professionals.

Conclusion
This review is the first to synthesise and highlight the gaps in the existing literature examining the impacts of Lean on frontline health professionals. The review revealed a range of both positive, negative and mixed effects, and points to the need for more empirical research to identify the underlying reasons leading to these outcomes.
Integrating Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) into routine nurse-led primary care for patients with multimorbidity: a feasibility and acceptability study
Authors: Porter Ian , Davey Antoinette , Gangannagaripalli Jaheeda , Evans Jonathan , Bramwell Charlotte , Evans Philip , Gibbons Chris , Valderas Jose M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
The use of Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMS) in clinical practice has the potential to promote patient-centred care and improve patients’ quality of life. Individualized PROMs may be particularly helpful in identifying, prioritizing and monitoring health problems of patients with multimorbidity. We aimed to develop an intervention centred around PROMs feedback as part of Primary Care annual reviews for patients with multimorbidity and evaluate its feasibility and acceptability.

Methods
We developed a nurse-oriented intervention including (a) training of nurses on PROMs; (b) administration to patients with multimorbidity of individualized and standardized PROMS; and (c) feedback to both patients and nurses of PROMs scores and interpretation guidance. We then tailored the intervention to patients with two or more highly prevalent conditions (asthma, COPD, diabetes, heart failure, depression, and hip/knee osteoarthritis) and designed a non-controlled feasibility and acceptability evaluation in a convenience sample of primary care practices (5). PROMs were administered and scores fed back immediately ahead of scheduled annual reviews with nurses. Patients and nurses rated the acceptability of the intervention using with a brief survey including optional free comments. Thematic analysis of qualitative interviews with a sample of participating patients (10) and nurses (4) and of survey free comments was conducted for further in-depth evaluation of acceptability. Feasibility was estimated based on rates of participation and completion.

Results
Out of 68 recruited patients (mean age 70; 47% female), 68 completed the PROMs (100%), received feedback (100%) and confirmed nurse awareness of their scores (100%). Most patients (83%) “agreed”/”strongly agreed” that the PROMs feedback had been useful, a view supported by nurses in 89% of reviews. Thematic analysis of rich qualitative data on PROMS administration, feedback and role in annual reviews indicated that both patients and nurses perceived the intervention as acceptable and promising, emphasizing its comprehensiveness and patient-centredness.

Conclusions
We have developed and tested an intervention focusing on routine PROM assessment of patients with multimorbidity in Primary Care. Preliminary findings support its feasibility and a high degree of acceptability from both patients and nurses. The next step is to conduct a full-scale trial for evaluating the effectiveness of the proposed intervention.