bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinate of diarrhea among under-five children in Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Dessie Habtamu 
Published: May 2021

This study aimed to assess the determinants of diarrhea among children under-five in Jabitehnan district, Northwest Ethiopia. A community-based cross-sectional study was done using a cluster sampling technique. The study was done in the Jabitehnan district from April to July 2019. The study was done among women who had children under five during the survey who settled in Jabitehnan district. The main outcome measure was the occurrence of diarrhea. A binary logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with diarrhea. The prevalence of diarrhea was found to be 19.8%. The child lived with whose non-biological mothers were 32.44 times more likely to be exposed to diarrhea compared to the child who lived with whose biological mothers. The odds of being diarrheal for a child whose mother does not wash her hand after latrine was 7.91 times higher than its counterpart. A child whose mother pregnant was 5.66 times higher risk of developing diarrhea than whose mother do not pregnant. The likelihood of diarrhea for children drinking unprotected water were14.1times higher than its counterpart. The magnitude of reported diarrhea was high. Child age, residence, drinking water, pregnant mother, toilet facility, washing hand after latrine, and child live with whom were the main determinates of diarrhea. Addressing these factors will help to prevent future morbidity and mortality of children and will assist in alleviating hygiene and refining their quality of life. Moreover, a trend-based sampling design might be considered for a better understanding.
The Day Our School Went Pitch Black and the Nights We Reclaimed the Light
Authors: Parra Gerby C. 
Published: May 2021

I will never forget that a year ago, last March 2020, we had to close our school suddenly. It feels like someone just turned off the light without warning, and everything went pitch black. Confused and scared, we tried to make sense of and confront the endless challenges that the COVID-19 pandemic brought upon our school organization. The virus caused significant interruptions to our processes, policies, people, technostructure, and financial resources. However, with each tiresome blow, the school leaders and teachers navigated through and around those challenges. The only comforting thought was we were not alone in our quest to survive, for every organization around the world was thrown into this catastrophic state and was fighting hard to persist and endure.
Looking back, I reflect on the extraordinary challenges our organization experienced akin with most organizations using Kurt Lewin's Three-Step Change Model and the three ways we responded to COVID-19.
Anxiety during COVID -19 among School Going Adolescents of Six Private Schools in Kathmandu Valley: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Bhatta Anwesh , Kafley Rishi Kesh , Yadav Arabindra , Phuyal Rajan , Chikanbanjar Vijaya Kumar 
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Psychological health problems are common in adolescent and young adults. The psychological well-being is greatly influenced by stressful environment and the coping mechanism of an individual. The 2019 Coronavirus disease has caused unprecedented morbidity and mortality worldwide owing to its high infectivity and mortality. In addition to these physical manifestations, psychological impact has also been substantial. This study is a descriptive cross-sectional study done to find out the prevalence of anxiety disorder and its severity during the COVID-19 pandemic in school going adolescents of Kathmandu valley.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among adolescents from August 15 to September 30, 2020. Two private schools from each district in the Kathmandu valley i.e. Kathmandu, Lalitpur and Bhaktapur were included in the study using convenient sampling. Ethical clearance was obtained from Institutional Review Committee (reference no: 1208202007). All data were inserted on Microsoft Excel 2016 and analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data.
Results: Among 358 students, 165 (46.1%) at 95% Confidence Interval (40.8-51.2) were found to have anxiety. Out of these patients, 115 (69.7%) had mild, 39 (23.6%) had moderate and 11 (6.7%) had severe anxiety. The mean age was 16.17Â±1.57 years.
Conclusions: This study shows that a remarkably higher number of children had symptoms of anxiety disorder. Majority of the children with anxiety had mild form. The study further highlights the need of emotional support to adolescent children during the current ongoing pandemic.
Depression, Anxiety and Stress among Healthcare Workers during COVID-19 Pandemic in a Tertiary Care Centre of Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Kafle Bikram , Bagale Yashoda , Kafle Sima , Parajuli Aabishkar , Pandey Samudra 
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Health personnel working in the frontline to deal with COVID 19 outbreak are at increased risk of developing psychological problems. This study aims to find out the prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress among Nepalese health care workers.
Methods: This is a hospital based descriptive cross-sectional study conducted from July 10 2020 to September 10, 2020. All health care workers (total 280) were included in the study. HADS-14 item was used to measure anxiety and depression. Perceived stress scale was used to measure stress. Data was analyzed with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software version 24.0. Statistical data was analyzed by percentage, mean and standard deviation.
Results: Out of total 270 respondents the prevalence of anxiety, depression and stress was found to be 112 (41.4%), 65 (24.1%) and 203 (74%) respectively. Females accounted for 148 (54.8%) and males 122 (45.2%). More than one third 96 (35.6%) of the health workers were working in front line.
Conclusions: Prevalence of anxiety, depression and stress is higher among health workers when compared to similar studies. Effective strategies toward improving the mental health like adequate rest, supply of protective equipments, frequent breaks, ensuring safety issues of their family members, training on management of stress might be helpful in reducing stress.
Prevalance of Elevated D-dimer Levels in Confirmed COVID-19 Cases in Intensive Care Unit of a Tertiary Care Centre of Western Nepal
Authors: Khatri Prabin , Agrawal Krishna Kumar , Sharma Dipesh , Chhetri Pradip , Neupane Aryan , Piryani Rano Mal , Baral Pawan Puspa , Sapkota Suman Raj , Banjade Ashish , Chhetri Ashmita , Bhandari Subarna , Bharali Swaraj 
Published: May 2021

Introduction: D-dimer is currently the best available marker for COVID-19 associated hemostatic abnormalities. This study aims to find out the prevelance of elevated D-dimer levels in confirmed COVID-19 cases in intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital of western Nepal.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 95 patients admitted to COVID Intensive Care Unit of a teriary care centre from August 2020 to January 2021 after taking ethical clearence from Institutional Review Committee in order to determine the D-dimer levels in confirmed COVID-19 cases. D-dimer value was measured at the admission and the highest D-dimer value was recorded during the course of hospital stay with the risk of mortality in confirmed COVID-19 cases. The normal range of D-dimer was taken as <0.35 mg/dl as per our hospital laboratory standards. Convenience sampling method was used. Data entry and descriptive analysis were done in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 25.0, point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data.
Results: Out of total 95 cases of COVID-19 included in this study, 25 (89.3%) patients with age â‰¥65 years and 42 (62.69%) patients aged <65 years had elevated D-dimer on admission. Data showed that 29 (67.4%) patients having elevated D-dimer at admission had mortality.
Conclusions: Elevated D-dimer levels was frequently seen in patients admitted in Intensive Care Unit with COVID-19. Our study suggested that measurement of D-dimer may guide in clinical decision making.
DISKUSI ONLINE : MANAJEMEN REFERENSI (APLIKASI MENDELEY) DALAM PENULISAN KARYA ILMIAH
Authors: Astuty Eka , Asmin Elpira , Sukmawaty Eka 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRAKSalah satu syarat yang harus dipenuhi oleh mahasiswa untuk mencapai gelar sarjana yaitu harus menulis karya tulis ilmiah berupa skripsi. Daftar pustaka dan sitasi menjadi elemen penting dalam penulisan karya ilmiah. Penyusunan dua hal tersebut dapat dilakukan secara manual ataupun dengan bantuan aplikasi. Mendeley merupakan salah satu perangkat lunak sitasi yang cukup mudah penggunaannya bagi orang awam sehingga menjadi favorit penulis. Kegiatan ini dilakukan secara daring memakai aplikasi zoom sebab di masa pandemi Covid- 19, kegiatan sosialisasi ataupun penyuluhan secara langsung tidak bisa dilakukan karena adanya anjuran Physical distancing. Selama berlangsungnya pemaparan materi, peserta diskusi dipersilahkan untuk mengemukakan pertanyaan. Peserta diskusi sangat antusias dan ada banyak pertanyaan yang disampaikan, diantaranya adalah sumber referensi yang bisa digunakan dalam penulisan karya ilmiah dan jenis-jenis gaya penulisan yang terdapat dalam aplikasi mendeley. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat dalam bentuk diskusi online tentang manajemen referensi (Aplikasi Mendeley) dalam penulisan karya ilmiah diharapkan dapat memberikan pengetahuan dan informasi terkhusus bagi peserta yang merupakan mahasiswa tingkat akhir. Diskusi online ini diharapkan juga menjadi wadah untuk me-refresh pengetahuan tentang manajemen referensi bagi peserta yang berprofesi sebagai dosen.Kata Kunci: Diskusi, Daring, Manajemen Referensi, Mendeley ABSTRACTOne of the requirements for students to achieve a bachelor's degree is to write scientific papers. Bibliography and citations are important elements in writing scientific papers. The arrangement of these two things is done manually or by application. Mendeley is a commonly used citation software. This activity was carried out online using the zoom application because during the Covid-19 pandemic, direct socialization or outreach activities could not be carried out because of the suggestion of Physical distancing. During the presentation of the material, discussion participants were invited to ask questions. The discussion participants were very enthusiastic and there were many questions submitted, including reference sources that could be used in writing scientific papers and the types of writing styles found in the Mendeley application. Community service activities in the form of online discussions about reference management (Mendeley Application) in writing scientific papers are expected to provide knowledge and information specifically for participants who are final year students. This online discussion is expected to also become a forum to refresh knowledge about reference management for participants who are lecturers. Keywords: Discussion, Online, Refference Management, Mendeley
CA125: A superior prognostic biomarker for colorectal cancer compared to CEA, CA19-9 or CA242
Authors: Björkman Kajsa , Mustonen Harri , Kaprio Tuomas , Kekki Henna , Pettersson Kim , Haglund Caj , Böckelman Camilla 
Published: May 2021

OBJECTIVES: The tumor stage represents the single most important prognostic factor for colorectal cancer (CRC), although more accurate prognostics remain much needed. Previously, we identified CA125 as an independent significant prognostic factor, which we have further validated along with CEA, CA19-9, and CA242 in a large cohort of CRC patients. METHODS: Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, we analyzed preoperative serum samples in 322 CRC patients operated on between 1998 and 2003. RESULTS: Using the Spearman’s rho model, we calculated the correlation between our previous findings on MUC16 and CA125, for which the correlation coefficient was 0.808 ( p < 0.001). The Cox regression analysis of the linear and logarithmic values of CEA, CA125, CA242, and CA19-9 identified only CA125 (hazard ratio [HR] 1.03; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.02−1.04; p < 0.001) as significant when using the linear values. Survival among CRC patients with a high CA125 level was poor compared with CRC patients with a low CA125 level (HR 2.48; 95% CI 1.68–3.65; p < 0.001). In subgroup analyses, patients with high CA125 levels and aged ≤67 or >67, with stage I–II or III–IV, and both colon and rectal cancer exhibited poor prognoses. In the multivariate analysis, we used clinical pathological variables in the model, where age, gender, and stage served as the background characteristics. We dichotomized CA125 using the Youden maximal cutoff point, and the median values for CEA, CA19-9, and CA242. CA125 emerged as the only marker remaining significant and independent together with stage, location, and age (HR 1.91; 95% CI 1.24–2.95; p 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: CA125 represents a significant and independent prognostic factor in CRC patients, superior to CEA. Furthermore, CA242 served as a better prognostic marker than both CEA and CA19-9. We recommend including both CA125 and CA242 in prognostic clinical trials among CRC patients.
Impact of RARα and miR-138 on retinoblastoma etoposide resistance
Authors: Busch Maike , Miroschnikov Natalia , Dankert Jaroslaw Thomas , Wiesehöfer Marc , Metz Klaus , Stephan Harald , Dünker Nicole 
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND: Retinoblastoma (RB) is the most common childhood eye cancer. Chemotherapeutic drugs such as etoposide used in RB treatment often cause massive side effects and acquired drug resistances. Dysregulated genes and miRNAs have a large impact on cancer progression and development of chemotherapy resistances. OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to investigate the involvement of retinoic acid receptor alpha ( RARα) in RB progression and chemoresistance as well as the impact of miR-138, a potential RARα regulating miRNA. METHODS: RARα and miR-138 expression in etoposide resistant RB cell lines and chemotherapy treated patient tumors compared to non-treated tumors was revealed by Real-Time PCR. Overexpression approaches were performed to analyze the effects of RARα on RB cell viability, apoptosis, proliferation and tumorigenesis. Besides, we addressed the effect of miR-138 overexpression on RB cell chemotherapy resistance. RESULTS: A binding between miR-138 and RARα was shown by dual luciferase reporter gene assay. The study presented revealed that RARα is downregulated in etoposide resistant RB cells, while miR-138 is endogenously upregulated. Opposing RARα and miR-138 expression levels were detectable in chemotherapy pre-treated compared to non-treated RB tumor specimen. Overexpression of RARα increases apoptosis levels and reduces tumor cell growth of aggressive etoposide resistant RB cells in vitro and in vivo. Overexpression of miR-138 in chemo-sensitive RB cell lines partly enhances cell viability after etoposide treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings show that RARα acts as a tumor suppressor in retinoblastoma and is downregulated upon etoposide resistance in RB cells. Thus, RARα may contribute to the development and progression of RB chemo-resistance.
Pengaruh Stres Kerja Dan Konflik Kerja Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Pada PT. Sinarartha Bali Money Changer Kabupaten Badung
Authors: Andika Ary Wira , Irmayanti Ni Putu 
Published: May 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh secara simultan dan parsial stres kerja dan konflik kerja terhadap kepuasan kerja pada PT. Sinarartha Bali Money Changer. Metode penelitian ini yaitu dengan cara observasi,wawancara, dan kuisioner. Kuisioner diberikan kepada 35 orang responden, alat analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis regresi linier berganda, analisis korelasi berganda, analisis determinasi, F-test dan t-test. Hasil analisis diperoleh analisis regresi linier berganda Y=42,221 - 0,276X1 - 0,484X2. Ini menunjukkan bahwa pola pengaruh stres kerja, konflik kerja terhadap kepuasan kerja adalah negatif. Artinya apabila stres kerja dan konflik kerja meningkat maka kepuasan kerja karyawan karyawan pada PT. Sinarartha Bali Money Changer akan menurun. Hasil analisis korelasi R sebesar 0,847, yang berarti terdapat hubungan yang sangat kuat antara stres kerja dan konflik kerja dengan kepuasan kerja karyawan. Hasil analisis determinasi diperoleh koefisien determinasi sebesar 71,7%, ini berarti pengaruh stress kerja dan kepuasan kerja terhadap kepuasan kerja PT. Sinarartha Bali Money Changer sebesar 71,7% sedangkan sisanya sebesar 28,3 % dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain diluar penelitian ini.4) Dari hasil analisis F test diperoleh nilai signifikasi F\= hitung 0,000 < 0,05, ini berarti bahwa stres kerja dan kepuasan kerja berpengaruh signifikan secara simultan terhadap kepuasan kerja karyawan. 5) Hasil uji t-test stres kerja diperoleh nilai signifikan sebesar 0,005 < 0,05, maka dapat disimpulkan bahawa stres kerja berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja karyawan. Demikian juga konflik kerja berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja karyawan pada PT. Sinarartha Bali Money Changer.
Risk Factors for Congenital Deafness in Pediatric Patients Who Underwent Otoaccoustic Emission (OAE) and Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) Examinations in General Hospital Mohammad Hoesin Palembang, Indonesia
Authors: Fiona Widyasari  , Paulina Fani , Ahmad Hifni  , Abla Ghanie  , Erial Bahar  
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Congenital deafness is a hearing loss that occurs at birth. Congenital deafness in neonates can be caused by risk factors during pregnancy and during the birth process. The tests carried out for hearing screening for neonates in hospital up to 1 month old are Otoaccoustic Emission (OAE) and Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) examinations.
Objective: Determining the relationship between family history of deafness, syndromes associated with sensorineural hearing loss, TORCH infection and prenatal syphilis, use of ototoxic drugs during pregnancy, prematurity, low birth weight, asphyxia, and hyperbilirubinemia with the incidence of congenital deafness in children
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted based on medical record datas from children who underwent OAE and ABR examinations at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang hospital from January 2019 to February 2021.
Results: From the 349 children, 180 (51.6%) had bilateral OAE and ABR pass results, 161 (46.1%) had bilateral referrals and 8 (2.3%) children received unilateral refer results. From 122 children with risk factors, 38 (31.1%) children with bilateral passes, 81 (66.4%) children with bilateral referrals and 3 (2.5 %) children with unilateral refer. From 227 children without risk factors, 142 (62.6 %) children with a bilateral pass, 80 (35.2 %) children with bilateral referrals and 5 (2.2%) children with unilateral refer. The most common risk factor was LBW of 41 (11.7%) children. Chi square test and logistic regression analysis results showed a significant relationship between ototoxic drugs during pregnancy and congenital deafness (p = 0.001) with referral results, the value of Odd Ratio (OR) 9.651.
Conclusions: There is a significant relationship between risk factors for ototoxic drugs during pregnancy, TORCH and syphilis infection during pregnancy, asphyxia, congenital syndrome, LBWand hyperbilirubinemia with congenital deafness.
THE HOMING TRIAL: A RETROSPECTIVE PILOT STUDY ON THE EFFICACY OF PERSONALIZED BIOIDENTICAL HORMONE, DIETARY SUPPLEMENT AND NUTRITION CARE PLANS FOR AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD)
Authors: Rozakis George W. , Bakke Brian A. 
Published: May 2021

The objective of the Hormones, Oxidative stress, Methylation, Inflammation and Gene expression (HOMING) trial was to assess the efficacy of personalized bio identical hormone, dietary supplement and nutritional care plans on dry and wet Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) outcomes. We evaluated 220 Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) patients that followed a personalized clinical care plan for up to 9 months. The care plans consisted of bio identical hormones, dietary supplements and nutrition recommendations with the objective to improve lab and clinical measurements linked to oxidative stress, inflammation and gene expression. Serum concentrations of CRP, HbA1c and homocysteine responded favorably to the HOMING protocol with full program compliance.
Sixty percent (42/70) of wet AMD patients reported improvement in visual acuity and/or a reduction in the frequency of anti-VEGF injections during the study period. Forty eight percent (44/92) of dry AMD patients reported improvement in visual acuity during the study period. Nine percent (4/45) patients reported improvement in visual acuity in the dry AMD control group and no (0/13) wet AMD patients in the control group reported improvement. Six percent (4/70) of wet AMD patients reported that their vision declined and/or that their F frequency increased during the study period. Five percent (4/92) of dry AMD patients reported that their vision was worse.
Keywords: Bio identical Hormones, Oxidative stress, Methylation, Inflammation, Gene Expression, Nutrition and AMD.
The Use of Mixed-Income Housing Development to Address Poverty and Inequality, Based on Delphi Empirical Approach: A Case of South Africa
Authors: Onatu George , Baloyi Vutivi Kay 
Published: May 2021

Since the dawn of democracy in 1994, the Republic of South Africa (RSA) has been trying to address the aftermath and consequences of the apartheid regime. This comprises of the socio-economic, spatial, and political challenges that have persisted over the decades. These have had far reaching repercussions in the society to the extent that 25 years later after apartheid, the country finds itself with alarming rates of poverty, social exclusion, unemployment, and inequality. Literature has revealed that there is a direct relationship between poverty and inequality as well as access to socio-economic services / opportunities. Poor access to these services perpetuates exclusivity and thus inequality and marginalisation in all form and character. The purpose of this study is to investigate how housing developments have been used in South Africa to address poverty and inequality. The aim is to understand how to plan for better and more socially and economically thriving communities through housing development, focusing specifically on aspects of development that contributes to addressing poverty and inequality.
Using a Delphi three round method of Inquiry of 20 experts, perceptions from a diverse panel of experts about mixed-income housing development were uncovered. In comparison to previous housing models, the study uncovered a significant paradigm shift in housing development and what a housing intervention should achieve. Since 2004 after the introduction of the Breaking New Ground Policy (BNG), the housing development approaches, and interventions have shifted away from just providing roof over once head to providing social asset to the poor and a whole range economic opportunities. The conclusion is that housing development by virtue of location, diverse housing typologies and tenure options is now part and parcel of integrated planning and the pro poor development agenda.