bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of MTHFR 1298A→C and MTHFR 677C→T Genotypes on Total Homocysteine, Folate, and Vitamin B12 Plasma Concentrations in Kdiney Graft Recipients
Authors: FO[Combining Diaeresis]DINGER MANUELA , BUCHMAYER HEIDI , HEINZ GOTFRIED , PAPAGIANNOPOULOS MENELAOS , KLETZMAYR JOSEF , RASOUL-ROCKENSCHAUB SUSANNE , HO[Combining Diaeresis]RL WALTER H. , SUNDER-PLASSMANN GERE 
Published: April 2021

Abstract.
The effect of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677C→T and 1298A→C on total homocysteine (tHcy), folate and vitamin B12 levels was investigated in 733 kidney graft recipients. The six major genotype combinations were used as grouping variables, and age, gender, BMI, serum creatinine, and creatinine clearance and ln-folate, ln-vitamin B12, or logarithmus naturalis tHcy (ln-tHcy) were used as covariates in three ANCOVA and multiple stepwise linear regression models. Hyperhomocysteinemia was present in 49.7% of the patients. The allele frequency of MTHFR 677T and 1298C was 0.319 and 0.326. MTHFR genotype and all other variables were significant predictors of ln-tHcy (higher tHcy plasma levels for MTHFR 677TT/1298AA versus all other five genotype groups: P < 0.05). BMI, creatinine clearance, ln-tHcy, and MTHFR genotype influenced ln-folate (lower folate levels for MTHFR 677TT/1298AA versus all other genotype groups: P < 0.05). Creatinine clearance and ln-tHcy were the only predictors of ln-vitamin B12 levels. In a prespecified subgroup analysis (n = 496), the MTHFR genotype also influenced tHcy levels and compound heterozygous patients had significantly lower folate levels as compared with MTHFR 677CC/1298AA and 677CC/1298CC. This study shows that the MTHFR 677TT/1298AA and 677CT/1298AC genotypes are significant predictors of tHcy and folate plasma levels.
Altered Expression of Type II Sodium/Phosphate Contransporter in Polycystic Kidney Disease
Authors: VOGEL MORITZ , KRA[Combining Diaeresis]NZLIN BETTINA , BIBER JO[Combining Diaeresis]RG , MURER HEINI , GRETZ NORBERT , BACHMANN SEBASTIAN 
Published: April 2021

Abstract.
Renal phosphate (Pi) absorption is mediated via the type II sodium/Pi cotransporter (NaPi-2) in the brush border membrane (BBM) of proximal tubules. Simultaneous detection of NaPi-2 mRNA by in situ hybridization and of NaPi-2 immunoreactivity by immunohistochemistry was performed to investigate the distribution of the cotransporter in healthy control rats and during progression of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). The purpose of the study was to disclose a relation between proximal tubular cell differentiation and NaPi-2 expression. In controls, NaPi-2 expression was present in the entire proximal tubule. In the Han:SPRD (cy/+) model for ADPKD, the proximal nephron is primarily affected by the cystic changes. Epithelial proliferation and impaired epithelial-matrix interaction result in a loss of cell differentiation that eventually leads to cystic enlargement of the nephron. Normal expression of NaPi-2 in this model was found only in tubules with intact BBM. Loss of BBM and cellular interdigitation were paralleled by the loss of NaPi-2 in situ hybridization and immunoreactive signals. These changes were moderate and focal in 2-mo-old rats and generalized all over the cortex after 8 mo. Advanced renal damage in the older PKD group was associated with mild phosphaturia, which suggests functional insufficiency of tubular NaPi-2 reabsorption. These data show how proliferative changes and loss of tubular epithelial differentiation in ADPKD may prevent functional expression of the NaPi-2 system in the proximal tubule in a rapidly progressive manner. NaPi-2 in proximal tubule BBM is suggested to play an important role in impaired tubular absorption of Pi in renal disease.
The role of thoracodorsal artery perforator flap after breast conserving surgery
Authors: El-Gapaty Fatemah , Skaker Shawky , Sabry Ahmed , Taalab Ahmed 
Published: April 2021

Background: The emergence of thoracodorsal artery perforator flap combined with radiotherapy as new techniques in breast reconstruction has resulted in greater focus on oncoplastic breast surgery. In this study, were to study the role of thoracodorsal artery perforator flap after breast conserving surgery.Methods: This study included 40 patients of stage I and II breast cancer at Menoufia University hospital from July 2018 to February 2019. Every patient accepted to be enrolled in thus study with curative intent by having breast conservative surgery and immediate reconstruction by TDAP flap.Results: The mean operative time was 145 min. Seroma is the commonest complication following TDAP flap reconstruction and occurred in four cases (20%) and was treated by repeated aspiration. The cosmetic outcome was acceptable with 90% of patients rating their outcome as either pleased or satisfied. The subjectively assessed functional outcome showed a mean time of 10 days postoperative for patients to regain their full range of shoulder movements.Conclusions: Thoracodorsal artery perforator flap can play a significant role in oncoplastic surgery and breast reconstruction with acceptable cosmetic and functional outcome.
Analysing prognostic factors among patients with perforative peritonitis
Authors: Wagh Pradeep M. , Patil Samadhan 
Published: April 2021

Background: The mortality of perforation peritonitis is highly dependent on early approach to the hospital, quick diagnosis and prompt surgical treatment as it correlates with the duration and degree of peritoneal contamination, the patient's age, the general health of the patient and the nature of the underlying aetiology. The present study was done to assess the role of various prognostic factors which have a bearing on the final outcome of the patients.Methods: This prospective observational cross-sectional study was conducted in the at a tertiary level hospital in Maharashtra, in which 47 patients who presented a surgical emergency of perforation peritonitis and underwent an exploratory laparotomy were included. We compared different variables between patients who survived and those who died. Results: High mortality was also found in patients who presented after 24 hours of developing symptoms. Ileal perforation was significantly more common among dead patients (50%) as compared to patients who survived (20%), p-value<0.05. There were significantly higher proportion of patients who had shock on day 1 who died (67%) as compared to those who survived (12%), p-value<0.05. Also, the group of patients who died, had significantly higher MPI (p-value<0.01), higher proportion of patients with multiple perforations (p-value<0.05), larger perforations (p-value<0.01) and contamination more than 1000 ml (p-value<0.05). Conclusions: High mortality was observed in patients who presented late, had ileal perforations, multiple and large perforation and developed shock on day one.
Strategies for neonatal care during the COVID-19 pandemic: a lower middle-income country perspective
Authors: Grover Rajat , Shubham Shantanu , Basu Sriparna 
Published: April 2021

COVID-19 has transformed into an all-encompassing pandemic affecting all levels of healthcare throughout the globe. The strains on healthcare systems have been evident even in the most developed countries. Low and middle income countries (LMICs), especially India, find themselves in a precarious situation due to limited resources, poor healthcare worker population ratios and a bigger population. Multiple factors can exponentially increase the actual effect of a pandemic on the vulnerable neonates and infants even though the disease itself may be less lethal for them. The situation was complicated by the implementation of lockdowns. We discuss the implications for neonatal care that such a pandemic has in LMICs and elucidate the strategies we have implemented to provide continuity of care during the pandemic. We also share our experience of providing neonatal care and summarise the patient load witnessed in a specific context of a level-3 NICU in a government multi-speciality hospital of an LMIC. Keywords: Covid-19 pandemic; Low- and middle-income countries; Neonatal care
Junction Temperature Consistency Analysis of MMC Submodule
Authors: Chen Zhuo , Guo Yumei , Wang Xiangming 
Published: April 2021

<p> Although modular multilevel converter<span style="font-family: 宋体;">（</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">MMC</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">）</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">is widely used in the field of DC power transmission due to its</span></p><p>excellent topology performance, the natural DC bias characteristics cause thermal imbalance of internal devices. Too high temperature at the junction of power devices is one of the major causes of damage. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the factors that affect the device junction temperature. Combining with the thermal resistance model, the junction temperature under two typical modulation strategies <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">is compared, </span>and the power loss and junction temperature are calculated.</p>
Can a patient’s death go unpunished?
Authors: Bek Dominika , Hanc Jakub 
Published: April 2021

A medical error resulting in a patient’s death is one of the most difficult experiences in the professional practice of medical personnel. A healthcare professional faces the suffering and grievances of the deceased patient's relatives and, at the same time, the prospect of legal liability including a criminal penalty and prohibition from practising a profession. This article attempts to address the issue of the necessity and usefulness of applying such far-reaching consequences in all cases of the patient's death caused through a fault attributable to a healthcare professional. It argues for the widest possible use of mediation in cases of medical error, in particular in criminal law cases. It focuses on reasonable expectations of the deceased patient’s family and the need for the improvement of standards of health protection in similar cases. This perspective makes it possible to conclude that a criminal penalty for the perpetrator of an error is not always in the public interest.
As regards the possibility of using mediation in cases involving a medical error, this article refers to the Polish normative tradition, although the dilemma highlighted in its title is certainly of a universal and transnational nature.
O animal na arte contemporânea sob a perspectiva ecofeminista
Authors: Macêdo Silvana 
Published: April 2021

Este artigo investiga a interação humana com outros animais e examina sua representação ou apresentação em projetos artísticos contemporâneos, considerando questões éticas envolvidas nesse processo. A perspectiva ecofeminista é proposta como uma ferramenta crítica para analisar trabalhos artísticos que lidem com o animal. Dentro dessa abordagem ecofeminista, são examinadas obras dos artistas: Joseph Beuys, Jannis Kounnellis, Wiliam Wegman e Beatriz da Costa. Ainda é considerada a vídeo-instalação sonora Cooperari, de Silvana e Frederico Macedo, produzida no contexto deste estudo.
Somatic mutation landscapes at single-molecule resolution
Authors: Lensing Stefanie V. , Ellis Peter , Abascal Federico , Martincorena Iñigo , Osborne Robert J. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Somatic mutations drive cancer development and may contribute to ageing and other diseases. Yet, the difficulty of detecting mutations present only in single cells or small clones has limited our knowledge of somatic mutagenesis to a minority of tissues. To overcome these limitations, we introduce nanorate sequencing (NanoSeq), a new duplex sequencing protocol with error rates <5 errors per billion base pairs in single DNA molecules from cell populations. The version of the protocol described here uses clean genome fragmentation with a restriction enzyme to prevent end-repair-associated errors and ddBTPs/dATPs during A-tailing to prevent nick extension. Both changes reduce the error rate of standard duplex sequencing protocols by preventing the fixation of DNA damage into both strands of DNA molecules during library preparation. We also use qPCR quantification of the library prior to amplification to optimise the complexity of the sequencing library given the desired sequencing coverage, maximising duplex coverage. The sample preparation protocol takes between 1 and 2 days, depending on the number of samples processed. The bioinformatic protocol is described in:https://github.com/cancerit/NanoSeqhttps://github.com/fa8sanger/NanoSeq_Paper_Code
Genetic Algorithm based Predictive model for COVID 19 – Theoretical Model based on an evolutionary approach
Authors: Rangarajan Srikanth , Poranki Srikanth , Sammakia Bahgat 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this manuscript we propose a novel method that models the evolution, spread and transmission of COVID 19 pandemic. The proposed model is inspired partly from the evolutionary based state of the art genetic algorithm. The rate of virus evolution, spread and transmission of the COVID 19 and its associated recovery and death rate are modeled using the principle inspired from evolutionary algorithm. Furthermore, the interaction within a community and interaction outside the community is modeled. Using this model, the maximum healthcare threshold is fixed as a constraint. Our evolutionary based model distinguishes between individuals in the population depending on the severity of their symptoms/infection based on the fitness value of the individuals. There is a need to differentiate between virus infected diagnosed (Self isolated) and virus infected non-diagnosed (Highly interacting) sub populations/group. In this study the model results does not compare the number outcomes with any actual real time data based curves. However, the results from the model demonstrates that a strict lockdown, social-distancing measures in conjunction with more number of testing and contact tracing is required to flatten the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic curve. A reproductive number of 2.4 during the initial spread of virus is predicted from the model for the randomly considered population. The proposed model has the potential to be further fine-tuned and matched accurately against real time data.
A Sliding Mode Controller for Boost Inverter Based Power Management System Using Battery and Photovoltaic System
Authors: Dash Dipak Kumar , Sadhu Pradip Kumar , Shrivastav Alok Kumar 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A design tool with appropriate characteristics must be available to support the power management process. A major role of the battery is the Charge State (SOC) or simply the power of the battery measured using the original voltage value. A photovoltaic panel with a 12V DC voltage of 650W is used in this process. The approach is simulation/modeling which aims to improve battery charging process and controlling the power flow using sliding mode controller to enhance the performance. The goal is to research the energy and power loss of a smart battery-buffered load controller (BBSL) when used for the primary frequency controls on demand (PFC). Firstly, the depletion of battery energy arising from the PFC charging and discharge methods is evaluated. This research analyses the influence of PFC droop properties and dead-bands on the energy loss in a Lithium ion battery, by simulation measurements using a single stage BBSL. The model represents a nonlinear current-dependent resistance to the total voltage decrease of the battery. The energy loss simulated as the energy lost in this resistance is thus measured. HPSO-algorithm used in this analysis is one of the photovoltaic models used in photovoltaic systems, with maximum power, and with optimal conditions. The results showed that the battery charging simulation increased by 0.05% every 30 minutes. Furthermore, the simulation validation using Matlab/Simulink is carried out with data in accordance with the prototype design, at an efficiency of 88.4%.
Impact of Industrialization on China’s Regional Energy Security in the New Era
Authors: Zhang Jun , Wang Jiangquan , Zhang Linling , Zhao Lei 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Ensuring industrialization and energy security in a positive direction at the same time is significant to achieve high-quality development of the regional economy. This study attempts to provide two evaluation index systems for industrialization and energy security in the new era and discuss the impact of industrialization on energy security in the new era. In doing so, industrialization in the new era is evaluated by the ratio of quality expansion and quantity improvement during industrial development, then the evaluation system of energy security is put forward which has a total of 18 indexes in three dimensions, including energy supply security, energy consumption security, and energy supply-demand matching security. Entropy weight is used to evaluate industrialization and energy security levels of 30 provinces in China, then we compare respectively the changes of industrialization and energy security before and after the new era. Next, we examine the impact of industrialization on energy security in the new era for 30 provinces in China during the period from 2008 to 2017 by using the panel Tobit model. The study shows that: in the new era, the industrialization is pursuing high-quality development at a faster pace but energy security is threatened by deteriorated supply-demand matching security; there is an positive relationship between industrialization and energy security, and also supply security and consumption security,but the positive relationship between industrialization and matching security is not statistically significant; GDP per capita can inhibit energy security, green technology efficiency and the ratio of capital to labor will improve energy security. Finally, some suggestions are put forward from four aspects: building an environment-friendly development model, encouraging green technological innovation, optimizing the input structure of factors, and building a dynamic balance of energy supply and demand.
The Establishment of Two Efficient Transformation Systems in Quinoa
Authors: Wang Yanfang , Zhang Yanzi , Dai Chongjing , Ma Jun , Zhou Yewei , Jaikishun Sirpaul , Yan Jiahui , Yang Zhenbiao , Xu Tongda , Song Shikui 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) provides a gluten-free food with abundant nutrition and is potential to become a major crop in future. Quinoa has a lot of unique features including the high tolerance to multiple stresses, of which the underlying mechanisms may help improve other crops. Genetic manipulation will provide powerful tools to investigate the function of key genes in regulation of quinoa development and stress responses, which will further improve quinoa planting in the fields. However, the efficient transformation system for quinoa has not been well developed yet. Here, we established two rapid and efficient transformation systems for quinoa by using hairy root and leaf agroinfiltration, which provide useful tools for quick analyses of genes function in quinoa. Hairy roots were obtained from three types of explants, including cotyledon-nod with hypocotyl, cotyledon itself, and hypocotyl pieces. Interestingly, explants of cotyledon-nod with hypocotyl showed the highest transformation efficiency at 67.9%, and cotyledon displayed medium efficiency at 42.2%, while hypocotyl with the lowest at 31.6%. We also obtained transgenic quinoa roots successfully in-vivo, which showed low efficiency, but this provides a potential method to test gene function in live plants. By using young leaves for agroinfiltration, direct injection showed a better transgenic effect compared with vacuum penetration. Overall, the transformation systems using both hairy root and leaf agroinfiltration provide efficient and convenient ways to manipulate and analyse gene functions in quinoa.
A Genome-Wide Association Study Identifying SVEP1 Variant as a Predictor of Response to Tolvaptan for Cirrhotic Ascites
Authors: Tanaka Yasuhito , Kawaratani Hideto , Sawai Hiromi , Onishi Masaya , Kogiso Tomomi , Shimada Noritomo , Uojima Haruki , Nakajima Tomoaki , Matsumoto Naoki , Ikejima Kenichi , Ishikawa Toru , Terai Shuji , Motoyama Hiroyuki , Komori Atsumasa , Hirashima Noboru , Saito Satoru , Eguchi Yuichiro , Nojima Masanori , Kawai Yosuke , Tateyama Masakuni , Yoshiji Hitoshi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background and Aims: Tolvaptan, an orally active vasopressin V2-receptor antagonist, has been used for patients with difficult-to-treat ascites in Japan. In this study, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in the Japanese population to identify genetic variants associated with tolvaptan’s efficacy for patients with hepatic ascites. Methods: From 2014 through 2018, genomic DNA samples were obtained from 550 patients who were treated with tolvaptan. Of those, 80 cases (non-responder; increase of body weight [BW]) and 333 controls (responder; > 1.5 kg decrease of BW) were included in the GWAS and replication study. Results: GWAS showed 5 candidate SNPs around the miR818, KIAA1109, and SVEP1 genes. After validation and performing a replication study, an SNP (rs2991364) located in the SVEP1 gene was found to have a significant genome-wide association (OR = 3.55, P = 2.01 x 10− 8). Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and SVEP1 SNP were significantly associated with the response (OR = 1.03, p = 0.02 and OR = 4.24, p < 0.0001, respectively). Based on a prediction model of logistic regression analysis in a population with the rs2991364 risk allele, the failure probability (= exp (score: 22.234 + BUN*0.077 + Na*-0.179) (1 + exp (score)) was determined for the detection of non-responders. Assuming a cutoff of failure probability at 38.6%, sensitivity was 84.4%, specificity was 70% and AUC was 0.774. Conclusion: SVEP1 rs2991364 was identified as the specific SNP for the tolvaptan response. The prediction score can identify tolvaptan non-responders and help to avoid a lengthy period of futile treatment.
Benefits of a standardized protocol for axillary management after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in a single center.
Authors: Canal Marina de Paula , Rocha Caroline gomes de almeida , Osório Cynthia Ap. Bueno de Toledo , Bitencourt Almir , Sonagli Marina , Tavares Monique Celeste , Sanches Solange Moraes , Makdissi Fabiana Baroni Alves 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Axillary lymph node status is one of the most important prognostic factors in breast cancer. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) has been indicated for locally advanced tumors, and for HER2-positive and triple negative tumors larger than 2.0 and 1.0 cm, respectively, regardless of axillary status. NACT allows clinicians to assess the biological responses of the tumor, predicting prognosis and permitting more conservative surgeries in breast and axilla.Objective: evaluate the use of a standardized protocol after NACT to enable, sentinel node dissection (SLND) in patients with axillary downstaging, avoiding axillary dissection (ALND).Methods: retrospective cohort study of data collected from medical records of patients who underwent NACT in a single center, from January 2014 to December 2018. 471 patients were included in this study: 303 patients before and 165 patients after the implementation of this protocol. This protocol comprises a placement of a metal clip in biopsied lymph node, in patients with up to 2 clinically lymph nodes. After NACT, if a radiologic complete response were achieved, SLND was performed using blue die and tecnecion99. ALDN were avoided in patients whose clipped sentinel node were negative for metastasis. Trial registration number 2786/19, october,19, 2019, retrospectively registered.Results: Protocol avoided ALDN in 18% of selected patients (p< 0.05). Also, patients with triple negative and HER2 positive tumors underwent SLND most frequently, when compared to Luminal tumors (p 0.03).This results showed that the proposed protocol can improve SLND in selected patients when axillary targeted dissection cannot be performed.