bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of cellulolytic treatment conditions on dietary fiber content of grape pomace and use of enzyme-treated pomace in cookie making
Authors: Hạnh Trần Thị Hồng , Phúc Lê Nguyên , Duy Hồ Hữu Bἀo , Xuyến Nguyễn Kim , Trà Trần Thị Thu , Nguyệt Tôn Nữ Minh , Mẫn Lê Văn Việt 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Grape pomace is a rich source of dietary fibers and phenolic compounds; it has been added to bakery products to enhance their dietary fiber content and antioxidant activity. Nevertheless, the Insoluble Dietary Fiber (IDF) content of grape pomace is significantly higher than the Soluble Dietary Fiber (SDF) content, the IDF/SDF ratio of bakery products was much higher than the recommended value of 3:1 from the dietetic associations. In this research, grape pomace was treated with cellulase preparation to partially convert IDF to SDF. The appropriate conditions of the cellulolytic treatment were as follows: initial moisture content of grape pomace of 7.5 g water/g dry basis, cellulase concentration of 6 U/g dry basis and treatment time of 1 h. Under these conditions, the SDF content increased by 20% and the IDF/SDF ratio decreased by 23.2%. Then, the enzyme-treated grape pomace (ETGP) and untreated grape pomace (UGPM) were separately mixed with wheat flour for cookie formulation; the grape pomace ratio was 20% of the composite flour weight. The use of ETGP or UTGP significantly improved the content of total, insoluble and soluble dietary fiber, total phenolics, anthocyanin of cookies as well as their antioxidant activity measured by DPPH and FRAP assays. Cookies supplemented with ETGP or UTGP had increased hardness and reduced brightness. The enzymatic treatment of grape pomace did not affect the total dietary fiber and antioxidant activity of cookies; however, their IDF/SDF ratio decreased to 12% and the value of 3.7 was close to the recommended ratio from the dietetic associations. Furthermore, the preference scores of ETGP added cookies and UTGP added cookies were higher than that of the control cookies without grape pomace addition.
Increasing frequency of gene copy number aberrations is associated with immunosuppression and predicts poor prognosis in gastric adenocarcinoma
Authors: Silva Arnaldo N. S. , Saito Yuichi , Yoshikawa Takaki , Oshima Takashi , Hayden Jeremy D. , Oosting Jan , Earle Sophie , Hewitt Lindsay C. , Slaney Hayley L. , Wright Alex , Inam Imran , Langley Ruth E. , Allum William , Nankivell Matthew G. , Hutchins Gordon , Cunningham David , Grabsch Heike I. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
Patients with Epstein–Barr virus-positive gastric cancers or those with microsatellite instability appear to have a favourable prognosis. However, the prognostic value of the chromosomal status (chromosome-stable (CS) versus chromosomal instable (CIN)) remains unclear in gastric cancer.

Methods
Gene copy number aberrations (CNAs) were determined in 16 CIN-associated genes in a retrospective study including test and validation cohorts of patients with gastric cancer. Patients were stratified into CS (no CNA), CINlow (1–2 CNAs) or CINhigh (3 or more CNAs). The relationship between chromosomal status, clinicopathological variables, and overall survival (OS) was analysed. The relationship between chromosomal status, p53 expression, and tumour infiltrating immune cells was also assessed and validated externally.

Results
The test and validation cohorts included 206 and 748 patients, respectively. CINlow and CINhigh were seen in 35.0 and 15.0 per cent of patients, respectively, in the test cohort, and 48.5 and 20.7 per cent in the validation cohort. Patients with CINhigh gastric cancer had the poorest OS in the test and validation cohorts. In multivariable analysis, CINlow, CINhigh and pTNM stage III–IV (P &lt; 0.001) were independently associated with poor OS. CIN was associated with high p53 expression and low immune cell infiltration.

Conclusion
CIN may be a potential new prognostic biomarker independent of pTNM stage in gastric cancer. Patients with gastric cancer demonstrating CIN appear to be immunosuppressed, which might represent one of the underlying mechanisms explaining the poor survival and may help guide future therapeutic decisions.
Subconcussive changes in youth football players: objective evidence using brain vital signs and instrumented accelerometers
Authors: Fickling Shaun D , Poel Daniel N , Dorman Jason C , D’Arcy Ryan C N , Munce Thayne A 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBrain vital signs, measured by EEG, were used for portable, objective, neurophysiological evaluation of cognitive function in youth tackle football players. Specifically, we investigated whether previously reported pre- and post-season subconcussive changes detected in youth ice hockey players were comparably detected in football. The two objectives were to: (i) replicate previously published results showing subconcussive cognitive deficits; and (ii) the relationship between brain vital sign changes and head-impact exposure. Using a longitudinal design, 15 male football players (age 12.89 ± 0.35 years) were tested pre- and post-season, with none having a concussion diagnosis during the season. Peak latencies and amplitudes were quantified for Auditory sensation (N100), Basic attention (P300) and Cognitive processing (N400). Regression analyses tested the relationships between these brain vital signs and exposure to head impacts through both number of impacts sustained, and total sessions (practices and games) participated. The results demonstrated significant pre/post differences in N400 latencies, with ∼70 ms delay (P &lt; 0.01), replicating prior findings. Regression analysis also showed significant linear relationships between brain vital signs changes and head impact exposure based on accelerometer data and games/practices played (highest R = 0.863, P &lt; 0.001 for overall sessions). Number of head impacts in youth football (age 12–14 years) findings corresponded most closely with prior Junior-A ice hockey (age 16–21 years) findings, suggesting comparable contact levels at younger ages in football. The predictive relationship of brain vital signs provided a notable complement to instrumented accelerometers, with a direct physiological measure of potential individual exposure to subconcussive impacts.
Heat stress during development makes antlion larvae more responsive to vibrational cues
Authors: Miler Krzysztof , Czarnoleski Marcin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe investigated the effects of heat stress on the responsiveness to vibrational cues, our measure of perceptual ability, in Myrmeleon bore antlion larvae (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae). We reared these trap-building predatory larvae under 2 heat stress regimes (mild, 30°C, and harsh, 36°C), and after they progressed from one instar stage to another, we tested their perceptual ability in common unchallenging conditions. We hypothesized that exposure to the harsh heat stress regime would impose costs resulting in handicapped vibration responsiveness. We found that the harsh heat stress regime generated more stressful conditions for the larvae, as evidenced by increased mortality and postponed molting, and the loss of body mass among larger larvae. Furthermore, among the individuals who remained alive, those originating from the harsh heat stress regime were characterized by higher vibration responsiveness. Our results suggest 2 not mutually exclusive scenarios. Costly heat stress conditions can sieve out individuals characterized by poor perceptual ability or surviving individuals can attempt to hunt more efficiently to compensate for the physiological imbalance caused by heat stress. Both of these mechanisms fit into the ongoing debate over how adaptation and plasticity contribute to shaping insect communities exposed to heat stress.
Potential applicability and limitations of radiation-corrected empirical Green's functions for point-source cases
Authors: Shibata Ritsuya , Aso Naofumi , Oikawa Genki , Nakajima Junichi , Ide Satoshi 
Published: December 2021

SUMMARYNumerous efforts have been made to accurately estimate Green's functions, which link observed seismic waves to physical source processes. Detailed a priori information is required for the theoretical Green's function calculated from a given velocity structure. In contrast, the empirical Green's function (EGF) obtained from seismograms of nearby earthquakes with similar focal mechanisms requires the occurrence of such appropriate events. To partially release these constraints, we propose radiation-corrected EGF by correcting the radiation patterns of the EGF seismograms. In this study, we performed synthetic tests to quantify the applicability of radiation correction, together with its limitations. Such tests are a useful approach to test a benchmark of EGF applicability. We then applied the new method to real earthquakes to validate the concept for practical use. The synthetic test and real applications confirmed the superiority of the radiation-corrected EGF over the conventional EGF in specific, but realistic, cases.
Experimental Models for Controlled Burn Injuries in Rats: A Systematic Analysis of Original Methods and Burn Devices
Authors: Morarasu Stefan , Morarasu Bianca-Codrina , Ghețu Nicolae , Dimofte Mihail-Gabriel , Iliescu Radu , Pieptu Dragos 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Despite a wide variety of models found in literature, choosing the right one can be difficult as many of them are lacking precise methodology. This study aims to analyze and compare original burn models in terms of burn device and technique, parameters, and wound depth assessment. A systematic search was performed according to PRISMA guidelines on studies describing original experimental burn models in rats. The adapted PICO formula and ARRIVE checklist were followed for inclusion and assessment of quality of studies. Characteristics of animals, burn technique, burn parameters, and method of histological confirmation of burn depth were recorded. Twenty-seven studies were included in the final analysis. Most studies used direct contact with skin for burn infliction (n = 20). The rat’s dorsum was the most common site (n = 18). Ten studies used manually controlled burn devices, while 10 designed automatic burn devices with control over temperature (n = 10), exposure time (n = 5), and pressure (n = 5). Most studies (n = 7) used a single biopsy taken from the center of the wound to confirm burn depth immediately after burn infliction. From the wide variety of burn models in current literature, our study provides an overview of the most relevant experimental burn models in rats aiding researchers to understand what needs to be addressed when designing their burn protocol. Models cannot be compared as burn parameters variate significantly. Assessment of burn depth should be done in a standardized, sequential fashion in future burn studies to increase reproducibility.
Peer Effects and Recidivism: The Role of Race and Age
Authors: Tan Kegon Teng Kok , Zapryanova Mariyana 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Recidivism rates are a growing concern due to the high cost of imprisonment and the high rate of ex-prisoners returning back to prison. One policy-relevant and potentially important determinant of recidivism is the composition of peer inmates. In this paper, we study the role of peer effects within a correctional facility using data on almost 80,000 individuals serving time in Georgia. We exploit randomness in peer-composition over time within prisons to identify effects of peers on recidivism rates. We find no evidence of peer effects for property or drug-related crimes in the general prison population. However, we find strong peer effects when we define peer groups by race and age. Our findings indicate that homophily plays a large part in determining the strength of peer exposure among prisoners in the same facility. These results suggest that prison assignments can be used to reduce recidivism for particular groups of prisoners. (JEL K14, K40).
Carnegie Supernova Project: kinky i-band light curves of Type Ia supernovae
Authors: Pessi P J , Hsiao E Y , Folatelli G , Anderson J P , Burns C R , Uddin S , Galbany L , Phillips M M , Morrell N , Ashall C , Baron E , Contreras C , Hamuy M , Hoeflich P , Krisciunas K , Kumar S , Lu J , Martinez L , Piro A L , Shahbandeh M , Stritzinger M D , Suntzeff N B 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
We present detailed investigation of a specific i-band light-curve feature in Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) using the rapid cadence and high signal-to-noise ratio light curves obtained by the Carnegie Supernova Project. The feature is present in most SNe Ia and emerges a few days after the i-band maximum. It is an abrupt change in curvature in the light curve over a few days and appears as a flattening in mild cases and a strong downward concave shape, or a ‘kink’, in the most extreme cases. We computed the second derivatives of Gaussian Process interpolations to study 54 rapid-cadence light curves. From the second derivatives we measure: (1) the timing of the feature in days relative to i-band maximum; tdm2(i) and (2) the strength and direction of the concavity in mag d−2; dm2(i). 76 per cent of the SNe Ia show a negative dm2(i), representing a downward concavity – either a mild flattening or a strong ‘kink’. The tdm2(i) parameter is shown to correlate with the colour-stretch parameter sBV, a SN Ia primary parameter. The dm2(i) parameter shows no correlation with sBV and therefore provides independent information. It is also largely independent of the spectroscopic and environmental properties. Dividing the sample based on the strength of the light-curve feature as measured by dm2(i), SNe Ia with strong features have a Hubble diagram dispersion of 0.107 mag, 0.075 mag smaller than the group with weak features. Although larger samples should be obtained to test this result, it potentially offers a new method for improving SN Ia distance determinations without shifting to more costly near-infrared or spectroscopic observations.
H i constraints from the cross-correlation of eBOSS galaxies and Green Bank Telescope intensity maps
Authors: Wolz Laura , Pourtsidou Alkistis , Masui Kiyoshi W , Chang Tzu-Ching , Bautista Julian E , Müller Eva-Maria , Avila Santiago , Bacon David , Percival Will J , Cunnington Steven , Anderson Chris , Chen Xuelei , Kneib Jean-Paul , Li Yi-Chao , Liao Yu-Wei , Pen Ue-Li , Peterson Jeffrey B , Rossi Graziano , Schneider Donald P , Yadav Jaswant , Zhao Gong-Bo 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
We present the joint analysis of Neutral Hydrogen (H i) Intensity Mapping observations with three galaxy samples: the Luminous Red Galaxy (LRG) and Emission Line Galaxy (ELG) samples from the eBOSS survey, and the WiggleZ Dark Energy Survey sample. The H i intensity maps are Green Bank Telescope observations of the redshifted $21\rm cm$ emission on $100 \, {\rm deg}^2$ covering the redshift range 0.6 &lt; z &lt; 1.0. We process the data by separating and removing the foregrounds present in the radio frequencies with FastI ICA. We verify the quality of the foreground separation with mock realizations, and construct a transfer function to correct for the effects of foreground removal on the H i signal. We cross-correlate the cleaned H i data with the galaxy samples and study the overall amplitude as well as the scale dependence of the power spectrum. We also qualitatively compare our findings with the predictions by a semianalytical galaxy evolution simulation. The cross-correlations constrain the quantity $\Omega _{\rm {H\,\small {I}}} b_{\rm {H\,\small {I}}} r_{\rm {H\,\small {I}},{\rm opt}}$ at an effective scale keff, where $\Omega _\rm {H\,\small {I}}$ is the H  i density fraction, $b_\rm {H\,\small {I}}$ is the H i bias, and $r_{\rm {H\,\small {I}},{\rm opt}}$ the galaxy–hydrogen correlation coefficient, which is dependent on the H  i content of the optical galaxy sample. At $k_{\rm eff}=0.31 \, h\,{\rm Mpc^{-1}}$ we find $\Omega _{\rm {H\,\small {I}}} b_{\rm {H\,\small {I}}} r_{\rm {H\,\small {I}},{\rm Wig}} = [0.58 \pm 0.09 \, {\rm (stat) \pm 0.05 \, {\rm (sys)}}] \times 10^{-3}$ for GBT-WiggleZ, $\Omega _{\rm {H\,\small {I}}} b_{\rm {H\,\small {I}}} r_{\rm {H\,\small {I}},{\rm ELG}} = [0.40 \pm 0.09 \, {\rm (stat) \pm 0.04 \, {\rm (sys)}}] \times 10^{-3}$ for GBT-ELG, and $\Omega _{\rm {H\,\small {I}}} b_{\rm {H\,\small {I}}} r_{\rm {H\,\small {I}},{\rm LRG}} = [0.35 \pm 0.08 \, {\rm (stat) \pm 0.03 \, {\rm (sys)}}] \times 10^{-3}$ for GBT-LRG, at z ≃ 0.8. We also report results at $k_{\rm eff}=0.24$ and $k_{\rm eff}=0.48 \, h\,{\rm Mpc^{-1}}$. With little information on H i parameters beyond our local Universe, these are amongst the most precise constraints on neutral hydrogen density fluctuations in an underexplored redshift range.
Obstructive sleep apnea and risk of suicide and self-harm: a Danish Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Udholm Nichlas , Fuglsang Milos , Lundbye-Christensen Søren , Bille Jesper , Udholm Sebastian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractStudy ObjectivesIn this nationwide study, we used the unique Danish registries to estimate the risk of suicide and deliberate self-harm in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).MethodsWe identified all Danish citizens receiving a diagnosis of OSA between 1995 and 2015. As a reference cohort, we randomly selected 10 citizens for each patient, matched by sex and birth year. Using the Fine and Gray competing risk regression, we estimated the cumulative incidences of suicide, and Cox proportional regression analysis was used to compare the risk of suicide and deliberate self-harm in patients with OSA with the reference cohort.ResultsWe identified 48 168 patients with OSA. A total of 135 patients had died by suicide, compared with 999 suicides in the reference cohort. Patients with OSA had an increased risk of dying by suicide when compared with the reference cohort (hazard ratio, 1.29; 95% CI = 1.07% to 1.55%; and subhazard ratio, 1.23; 95% CI = 1.10% to 1.45%). We identified 1004 events of self-harm among patients with OSA, and 5270 events in the reference group. The overall risk of self-harm was increased in patients with OSA when compared with the reference group (hazard ratio, 1.28; 95% CI = 1.19% to 1.37%).ConclusionsThis is the first study to estimate the risk of suicide and deliberate self-harm in patients with OSA. We found that patients with OSA have an increased risk of both suicide and deliberate self-harm when compared with a large reference cohort, thereby highlighting the importance of a mental health screening in these patients.
Innovative strategies for managing swine welfare during the COVID-19 pandemic in Iowa
Authors: Johnson Anna K , Rademacher Chris J , Eggers Jamee , Gabler Nicholas K , Greiner Laura L , Kaisand Jeff , Karriker Locke A , Millman Suzanne T , Patience John F , Ramirez Brett C , Schulz Lee L , Webb Sherrie R , Ross Jason W 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared a global pandemic on March 11, 2020 by the World Health Organization and its impact on animal agriculture in the United States was undeniable. By April, COVID-19 resulted in the simultaneous closure or reduced operations of many meat processing plants in the upper Midwest, leading to supply chain disruptions. In Iowa, the leading pork production and processing state, these disruptions caused producer uncertainty, confusion, and stress, including time-sensitive challenges for maintaining animal care. The Iowa Resource Coordination Center (IRCC) was quickly created and launched by the Iowa Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship (IDALS). The IRCC included public representation from the Iowa Pork Producers Association (IPPA), Iowa Pork Industry Center (IPIC), and Iowa State University Extension and Outreach, and private partners including producers, veterinarians, and technical specialists. Supporting swine welfare, the IRCC provided information on management strategies, dietary alterations to slow pig growth, alternative markets, on-farm euthanasia, and mass depopulation under veterinary oversight. In a crisis, Iowa created a model that reacted to producers’ pragmatic, mental and emotional needs. This model could be quickly replicated with an introduction of foreign animal disease.
Schwannoma of the breast presenting as a painful lump
Authors: Lee Han Shin , Jung Eun Jung , Kim Jae Myung , Kim Ju Yeon , Kim In Kyeong , Kim Jae Ri , Kim Tae Han , Jang Jae Yool , Woo Jung Woo , Lee JinKwon , Park Taejin , Jeong Sang Ho , Cho Eun , Song Dae Hyun 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Rationale:
Schwannoma in the breast parenchyma is very unusual. It usually develops on the head, neck, and extensor surfaces of the upper and lower extremities.

Patient concerns:
We report a case of a 60-year-old woman with a palpable and painful mass. Clinically, she experienced neuropathic pain at the mass site.

Diagnoses:
The tumor was a 1 cm, well-circumscribed mass, and revealed schwannoma on core needle biopsy

Interventions:
The patient underwent wide excision.

Outcomes:
No postoperative complications were observed. A six-month follow-up revealed no recurrence

Lessons subsections:
Although breast schwannoma is a very rare tumor, it is a very important consideration in case of a Breast Imaging-Report and Data System 4A lesion with a painful and palpable mass.
Hepatitis B virus infection does not affect the clinical outcome of anti-programmed death receptor-1 therapy in advanced solid malignancies
Authors: Zhong Liting , Zhong PinShun , Liu Huafeng , Li Zelei , Nie Qihong , Peng Weiwei 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the impact of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection on the outcome of patients with advanced solid malignancies treated with programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) inhibitors.
We retrospectively included patients treated with PD-1 inhibitors between August 2018 and April 2020. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to match the characteristics of the HBV and non-HBV groups. Objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) were compared between HBV and non-HBV groups using χ
2 or Fisher exact tests. Kaplan-Meier and log-rank tests were used to analyze overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS).
A total of 120 patients, including 43 (35.8%) with HBV and 77 (64.2%) without HBV, were enrolled. Cases of HBV reactivation were not observed. In the entire study population, ORR and DCR did not significantly differ between both groups. After PSM, the study population comprised 39 patients, 15 with and 24 without HBV. The HBV group had an ORR of 55.6%, whereas the ORR in the non-HBV group was 36.8% (P = .35). Similarly, the DCR was 77.8% in the HBV group, as compared to 68.4% in the non-HBV group (P
= .61). Additionally, HBV infection did not significantly affect OS (P
= .54) and PFS (P
= .64) in the unmatched cohort. Moreover, statistically significant differences regarding OS (P
= .15) and PFS (P
= .23) were also not detected after PSM.
In conclusion, the HBV infection status did not impact the therapy response or prognosis of patients treated with PD-1 inhibitors. Further prospective studies are needed to corroborate these findings.