bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Targeting fibroblast activation protein in newly diagnosed squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity – initial experience and comparison to [18F]FDG PET/CT and MRI
Authors: Linz Christian , Brands Roman C. , Kertels Olivia , Dierks Alexander , Brumberg Joachim , Gerhard-Hartmann Elena , Hartmann Stefan , Schirbel Andreas , Serfling Sebastian , Zhi Yingjun , Buck Andreas K. , Kübler Alexander , Hohm Julian , Lapa Constantin , Kircher Malte 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose
While [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) is the standard for positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), diagnostic specificity is hampered by uptake in inflammatory cells such as neutrophils or macrophages. Recently, molecular imaging probes targeting fibroblast activation protein α (FAP), which is overexpressed in a variety of cancer-associated fibroblasts, have become available and might constitute a feasible alternative to FDG PET/CT.

Methods
Ten consecutive, treatment-naïve patients (8 males, 2 females; mean age, 62 ± 9 years) with biopsy-proven OSCC underwent both whole-body [18F]FDG and [68Ga]FAPI-04 (FAP-directed) PET/CT for primary staging prior to tumor resection and cervical lymph node dissection. Detection of the primary tumor, as well as the presence and number of lymph node and distant metastases was analysed. Intensity of tracer accumulation was assessed by means of maximum (SUVmax) and peak (SUVpeak) standardized uptake values. Histological work-up including immunohistochemical staining for FAP served as standard of reference.

Results
[18F]FDG and FAP-directed PET/CT detected all primary tumors with a SUVmax of 25.5 ± 13.2 (FDG) and 20.5 ± 6.4 (FAP-directed) and a SUVpeak of 16.1 ± 10.3 ([18F]FDG) and 13.8 ± 3.9 (FAP-directed), respectively. Regarding cervical lymph node metastases, FAP-directed PET/CT demonstrated comparable sensitivity (81.3% vs. 87.5%; P = 0.32) and specificity (93.3% vs. 81.3%; P = 0.16) to [18F]FDG PET/CT. FAP expression on the cell surface of cancer-associated fibroblasts in both primary lesions as well as lymph nodes metastases was confirmed in all samples.

Conclusion
FAP-directed PET/CT in OSCC seems feasible. Future research to investigate its potential to improve patient staging is highly warranted.
Comparison of MRI, PET, and 18F-choline PET/MRI in patients with oligometastatic recurrent prostate cancer
Authors: Evangelista Laura , Cassarino Gianluca , Lauro Alberto , Morlacco Alessandro , Sepulcri Matteo , Nguyen Alex Ahn Li , Ietto Francesco , Cecchin Diego , Lacognata Carmelo , Zucchetta Pietro 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objectives
The aims of the study were (i) to examine the PCa detection rate of 18F-choline (FCH) PET/MRI and (ii) to assess the impact of PET/MRI findings in patients with PCa who develop OMD using PSA response as a biomarker.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed a cohort of 103 patients undergoing FCH PET/MRI for biochemical recurrence of PCa. The inclusion criteria were (1) previous radical prostatectomy (RP) with or without adjuvant radiotherapy (RT); (2) PSA levels available at the time of PET; (3) OMD, defined as a maximum of 5 lesions on PET/MRI; and (4) follow-up data available for at least 6 months after PET. All images were reviewed by two nuclear medicine physicians and interpreted with the support of two radiologists.

Results
Seventy patients were eligible for the study: 52 patients had a positive FCH PET/MRI and 18 had a negative scan. The overall PCa detection rates for MRI, PET, and PET/MRI were 65.7%, 37.1%, and 74.3%, respectively. Thirty-five patients were treated with radiotherapy (RT), 16 received hormonal therapy (HT), 3 had a combined therapy (RT + HT), and 16 (23%) underwent PSA surveillance. At follow-up, PSA levels decreased in 51 patients (73%), most of whom had been treated with RT or RT + HT. Therapeutic management was guided by PET/MRI in 74% of patients, which performed better than MRI alone (68% of patients).

Conclusion
FCH PET/MRI has a higher detection rate than MRI or PET alone for PCa patients with OMD and PSA levels > 0.5 ng/mL, prompting a better choice of treatment.
Oncologic impact of delaying radical prostatectomy in men with intermediate- and high-risk prostate cancer: a systematic review
Authors: Laukhtina Ekaterina , Sari Motlagh Reza , Mori Keiichiro , Quhal Fahad , Schuettfort Victor M. , Mostafaei Hadi , Katayama Satoshi , Grossmann Nico C. , Ploussard Guillaume , Karakiewicz Pierre I. , Briganti Alberto , Abufaraj Mohammad , Enikeev Dmitry , Pradere Benjamin , Shariat Shahrokh F. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To summarize the available evidence on the survival and pathologic outcomes after deferred radical prostatectomy (RP) in men with intermediate- and high-risk prostate cancer (PCa).

Methods
The PubMed database and Web of Science were searched in November 2020 according to the PRISMA statement. Studies were deemed eligible if they reported the survival and pathologic outcomes of patients treated with deferred RP for intermediate- and high-risk PCa compared to the control group including those patients treated with RP without delay.

Results
Overall, nineteen studies met our eligibility criteria. We found a significant heterogeneity across the studies in terms of definitions for delay and outcomes, as well as in patients’ baseline clinicopathologic features. According to the currently available literature, deferred RP does not seem to affect oncological survival outcomes, such as prostate cancer-specific mortality and metastasis-free survival, in patients with intermediate- or high-risk PCa. However, the impact of deferred RP on biochemical recurrence rates remains controversial. There is no clear association of deferring RP with any of the features of aggressive disease such as pathologic upgrading, upstaging, positive surgical margins, extracapsular extension, seminal vesicle invasion, and lymph node invasion. Deferred RP was not associated with the need for secondary treatments.

Conclusions
Owing to the different definitions of a delayed RP, it is hard to make a consensus regarding the safe delay time. However, the current data suggest that deferring RP in patients with intermediate- and high-risk PCa for at least around 3 months is generally safe, as it does not lead to adverse pathologic outcomes, biochemical recurrence, the need for secondary therapy, or worse oncological survival outcomes.
Drug toxicity in the proximal tubule: new models, methods and mechanisms
Authors: Hall Andrew M. , Trepiccione Francesco , Unwin Robert J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe proximal tubule (PT) reabsorbs most of the glomerular filtrate and plays an important role in the uptake, metabolism and excretion of xenobiotics. Some therapeutic drugs are harmful to the PT, and resulting nephrotoxicity is thought to be responsible for approximately 1 in 6 of cases of children hospitalized with acute kidney injury (AKI). Clinically, PT dysfunction leads to urinary wasting of important solutes normally reabsorbed by this nephron segment, leading to systemic complications such as bone demineralization and a clinical scenario known as the renal Fanconi syndrome (RFS). While PT defects can be diagnosed using a combination of blood and urine markers, including urinary excretion of low molecular weight proteins (LMWP), standardized definitions of what constitutes clinically significant toxicity are lacking, and identifying which patients will go on to develop progressive loss of kidney function remains a major challenge. In addition, much of our understanding of cellular mechanisms of drug toxicity is still limited, partly due to the constraints of available cell and animal models. However, advances in new and more sophisticated in vitro models of the PT, along with the application of high-content analytical methods that can provide readouts more relevant to the clinical manifestations of nephrotoxicity, are beginning to extend our knowledge. Such technical progress should help in discovering new biomarkers that can better detect nephrotoxicity earlier and predict its long-term consequences, and herald a new era of more personalized medicine.
Hemoadsorption with CytoSorb® and the early course of linezolid plasma concentration during septic shock
Authors: Köhler Thomas , Schwier Elke , Kirchner Carmen , Winde Günther , Henzler Dietrich , Eickmeyer Claas 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHemoadsorption with CytoSorb® becomes increasingly established in treatment of various, predominantly inflammation-associated diseases. In septic shock, results suggest improvements in hemodynamics and organ function. However, little is known about the in vivo adsorption properties for various antibiotics. We present the case of a 61-year-old female patient with known Ulrich Turner syndrome who treated supportively with CytoSorb® and with linezolid due to a Staphylococcus epidermidis bloodstream infection as part of her intensive care treatment for septic shock. After establishment of a new adsorber, 600 mg of linezolid administered over 1 h. Linezolid levels measured before adsorber inlet (cpre) and after adsorber outlet (cpost) at 0, 15, 60, 120 and 480 min after starting infusion. Out of the ten samples, only the cpre samples 60 min (3.25 mg/l) and 120 min (4.7 mg/l) showed sufficiently high linezolid levels (therapeutic range 3–9 mg/l). After 480 min, cpre decreased to 2.8 mg/l, cpost increased to 1.85 mg/l, and thus clearance decreased to 67.86 ml/min (from 200 ml/min at 60 min), with greatly reduced adsorption capacity of CytoSorb® after 8 h. A loading dose (additional 600 mg) would have been urgently needed. Linezolid therapy under hemadsorption with CytoSorb® requires a clear indication and close monitoring of levels to avoid underdosing.
Popular branchings and their dual certificates
Authors: Kavitha Telikepalli , Király Tamás , Matuschke Jannik , Schlotter Ildikó , Schmidt-Kraepelin Ulrike 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLetGbe a digraph where every node has preferences over its incoming edges. The preferences of a node extend naturally to preferences overbranchings, i.e., directed forests; a branchingBispopularifBdoes not lose a head-to-head election (where nodes cast votes) against any branching. Such popular branchings have a natural application in liquid democracy. The popular branching problem is to decide ifGadmits a popular branching or not. We give a characterization of popular branchings in terms ofdual certificatesand use this characterization to design an efficient combinatorial algorithm for the popular branching problem. When preferences are weak rankings, we use our characterization to formulate thepopular branching polytopein the original space and also show that our algorithm can be modified to compute a branching withleast unpopularity margin. When preferences are strict rankings, we show that “approximately popular” branchings always exist.
Learning in advance? Interspecific recognition ability in male Eurasian blackcaps
Authors: Matyjasiak Piotr 
Published: May 2021

AbstractInterspecific aggression is common in bird communities. It is thought to be a consequence of learned behavior or misdirected intraspecific aggression. In the former case birds acquire the ability to identify individuals of other species by social learning of species-specific traits during interactions with heterospecifics in a shared habitat. I conducted a two-choice song playback experiment to investigate the role of associating signals from two sensory modalities, auditory and visual, in shaping the agonistic response of male Eurasian Blackcaps (Sylvia atricapilla) to simulated male Garden Warbler (S. borin) intruders. I measured focal males’ response to playbacks to the song of a Blackcap or a Garden Warbler while giving them a choice between stuffed male models of both species presented in their territories. The experiments were carried out in early spring, before the arrival of Garden Warblers from Africa. I found that male Blackcaps were able to associate species-specific songs with species-specific plumage types. The ability to associate signals characterized not only experienced after-second-year old males, but also second-year old males that had not had the opportunity to defend breeding territories against heterospecifics. This suggests that second-year old male Blackcaps acquire the ability to associate Garden Warbler song with plumage before they use this skill when defending territory during their first breeding episode. Male Blackcaps do not mistake male Garden Warblers for males of their species, but rather learn these associations during the first months of life. However, the possibility that these associations are innate cannot be excluded.
Von Nähe und Sicherheit: Die Artikel-Verordnung nach §§26, 27 Standortauswahlgesetz –
Sicherheitsanforderungen, Dogmatik, Öffentlichkeitsbeteiligung
Authors: Smeddinck Ulrich 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Standortsuche für ein Endlager ist neu angelaufen. Für die Auswahl von günstigen
Teilgebieten wurden Sicherheitskriterien auf Geodaten angewendet. Regelungen zu Kriterien und zur Untersuchung
von Sicherheitsaspekten sind insbesondere in der neuen Artikel-Verordnung nach §§26, 27 StandAG
geregelt. Der Beitrag informiert über die Regelungsinhalte, setzt aber den Schwerpunkt auf die Beteiligung
der allgemeinen Öffentlichkeit im Verordnungsverfahren. Vor dem Hintergrund wird die Dogmatik der
Beteiligung bei der Erarbeitung von Rechtsverordnungen hinterfragt. Die Bedeutung von Nähe und Transparenz
werden als Leitwerte gegen Vertrauensverluste und Elitenverachtung konturiert.
Under-Reporting of Known HIV-Positive Status Among People Living with HIV: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Soni Nirali , Giguère Katia , Boily Marie-Claude , Fogel Jessica M. , Maheu-Giroux Mathieu , Dimitrov Dobromir , Eshleman Susan H. , Mitchell Kate M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMonitoring progress towards the UNAIDS ‘first 90’ target requires accurate estimates of levels of diagnosis among people living with HIV (PLHIV), which is often estimated using self-report. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis quantifying under-reporting of known HIV-positive status using objective knowledge proxies. Databases were searched for studies providing self-reported and biological/clinical markers of prior knowledge of HIV-positive status among PLHIV. Random-effects models were used to derive pooled estimates of levels of under-reporting. Thirty-two estimates from 26 studies were included (41,465 PLHIV). The pooled proportion under-reporting known HIV-positive status was 20% (95% confidence interval 13–26%, I2 = 99%). In sub-group analysis, under-reporting was higher among men who have sex with men (32%, number of estimates [Ne] = 10) compared to the general population (9%, Ne = 10) and among Black (18%, Ne = 5) than non-Black (3%, Ne = 3) individuals. Supplementing self-reported data with biological/clinical proxies may improve the validity of the ‘first 90’ estimates.
A finite deformation isogeometric finite element approach to fibre-reinforced composites with fibre bending stiffness
Authors: Witt Carina , Kaiser Tobias , Menzel Andreas 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIt is a common technique in many fields of engineering to reinforce materials with certain types of fibres in order to enhance the mechanical properties of the overall material. Specific simulation methods help to predict the behaviour of these composites in advance. In this regard, a widely established approach is the incorporation of the fibre direction vector as an additional argument of the energy function in order to capture the specific material properties in the fibre direction. While this model represents the transverse isotropy of a material, it cannot capture effects that result from a bending of the fibres and does not include any length scale that might allow the simulation of size effects. In this contribution, an enhanced approach is considered which relies on the introduction of higher-gradient contributions of the deformation map in the stored energy density function and which eventually allows accounting for fibre bending stiffness in simulations. The respective gradient fields are approximated by NURBS basis functions within an isogeometric finite element framework by taking advantage of their characteristic continuity properties. The isogeometric finite element approach that is presented in this contribution for fibre-reinforced composites with fibre bending stiffness accounts for finite deformations. It is shown that the proposed method is in accordance with semi-analytical solutions for a representative boundary value problem. In an additional example it is observed that the initial fibre orientation and the particular bending stiffness of the fibres influence the deformation as well as the stress response of the material.
Impact of pharmacy intervention on influenza vaccination acceptance: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis
Authors: Murray Erin , Bieniek Karolina , del Aguila Michael , Egodage Sonya , Litzinger Severine , Mazouz Assia , Mills Henry , Liska Jan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground Vaccination plays an important role in the prevention of influenza. Channels that improve vaccination adherence can play a vital part in improving patient care. This study seeks to inform the design and implementation of pharmacy interventions at scale on improving influenza vaccination rates. Aim of the review The aim of this study was to identify key success factors for effective pharmacy intervention design and implementation to improve vaccination acceptance rates in influenza. Methods A systematic search of MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane CENTRAL was performed to find literature on influenza vaccinations delivered at pharmacies, pharmacist-delivered influenza vaccinations, or influenza vaccination campaigns originating in the pharmacy setting. A meta-analysis using a random effects model estimated the impact of pharmacy intervention on vaccination rates (assessed as relative risk [RR] and 95% confidence intervals [95% CI]). Results A total of 1221 studies were found that met the search criteria, of which 12 were selected for the literature review following eligibility screening. A meta-analysis of studies that contained binary total population and vaccination rate data was conducted on 6 studies, including 3182 participants, the vaccination rate was 24% higher in those who used the pharmacy-based intervention compared with those who used standard care [RR (95% CI) 1.24 (1.05, 1.47)]. Two separate sensitivity analyses were run for the vaccination rate. In participants aged ≥ 65 years, the vaccination rate was 3% higher in those who received the pharmacy-based intervention compared with those who received standard care; however, this change was not significant [RR (95% CI) 1.03 (0.86, 1.24)]. Additionally, a qualitative review showed that more successful pharmacy-based interventions were those with the more active involvement of pharmacists in routine care. This included regular checkup of vaccine status, proactive conversations and recommendations about vaccination, and pharmacy-based immunization programs, with specific vaccination days. In-pharmacy communication rather than passive information, such as through leaflets and posters was also more effective. Conclusion Pharmacists can play a significant role to improve patient treatment, adherence, and outcomes associated with influenza vaccines. Once pharmacy-based immunization is established, proactive involvement of is key to ensure successful program implementation and results. Expanding access for pharmacists and pharmacy intervention to provide vaccinations may increase vaccination acceptance and could be a valuable intervention in patient care. Additional studies should consider high-risk populations to inform optimal design and implementation strategies.
Kategorisieren, Vergleichen, Bewerten und Quantifizieren im Spiegel sozialer Beobachtungsformate
Authors: Heintz Bettina 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungIn den letzten Jahren haben sich rund um die Praktiken des Vergleichens, Bewertens, Kategorisierens und Quantifizierens eigenständige Forschungsfelder etabliert: die Soziologie der Bewertung und des Vergleichs, die Kategorisierungs- und die Quantifizierungsforschung. Das Sonderheft der Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie rückt die Verbindungen zwischen den vier Forschungsfeldern in den Vordergrund. Am Beispiel empirischer Fallstudien zeigt es auf, welchen Gewinn es bringt, wenn man die vier Praktiken nicht unabhängig voneinander untersucht, sondern sie in ihrem Zusammenwirken analysiert. Die Fallstudien befassen sich mit unterschiedlichen Formaten sozialer Beobachtung und decken ein breites thematisches Spektrum ab: Die Themen reichen von der Kolonialstatistik und dem frühen Staatenvergleich, der Kolonial- und der inter/nationalen Statistik, über Monitoringsysteme und Rankings bis hin zu Recommendersystemen, digitalen Plattformen und prädiktiven Algorithmen. Der einleitende Beitrag entwickelt den theoretischen Rahmen, der dem Band zugrunde liegt, und setzt die Beiträge zueinander in Beziehung.
Consciousness, decision making, and volition: freedom beyond chance and necessity
Authors: Liljenström Hans 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWhat is the role of consciousness in volition and decision-making? Are our actions fully determined by brain activity preceding our decisions to act, or can consciousness instead affect the brain activity leading to action? This has been much debated in philosophy, but also in science since the famous experiments by Libet in the 1980s, where the current most common interpretation is that conscious free will is an illusion. It seems that the brain knows, up to several seconds in advance what “you” decide to do. These studies have, however, been criticized, and alternative interpretations of the experiments can be given, some of which are discussed in this paper. In an attempt to elucidate the processes involved in decision-making (DM), as an essential part of volition, we have developed a computational model of relevant brain structures and their neurodynamics. While DM is a complex process, we have particularly focused on the amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) for its emotional, and the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) for its cognitive aspects. In this paper, we present a stochastic population model representing the neural information processing of DM. Simulation results seem to confirm the notion that if decisions have to be made fast, emotional processes and aspects dominate, while rational processes are more time consuming and may result in a delayed decision. Finally, some limitations of current science and computational modeling will be discussed, hinting at a future development of science, where consciousness and free will may add to chance and necessity as explanation for what happens in the world.