bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial and trophic niche of an assemblage of native and non-native herbivores of arid Argentina
Authors: Bobadilla S Yasmin , Dacar Maria A , Jaksic Fabian M , Ojeda Ricardo A , Cuevas Maria F 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The coexistence of ecologically similar species is facilitated by differential use of resources along habitat, diet, and/or temporal niche axes. We used feces of non-native rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus), hare (Lepus europaeus), goat (Capra hircus), and the native plains viscacha (Lagostomus maximus) to compare the utilization of spatial and trophic resources in an arid ecosystem of Argentina. We expected herbivores to present differential responses in the use of at least one of the niche axes (habitat and/or trophic) associated with seasonal changes in resource availability and according to the origin of the species (native, non-native). We evaluated habitat use and selection through Chi-squared goodness-of-fit tests and Bonferroni confidence intervals, and factors shaping habitat selection (particular components of the habitat type) using generalized linear mixed-effects models. We analyzed the seasonal compositions of diets, breadth of trophic niches, and dietary overlaps. The assemblage of herbivores did not segregate markedly in spatial resource use, showing that hares and goats were more generalist than rabbits and plains viscacha in the utilization of different habitat types. Native and non-native herbivores overlapped markedly in the trophic niche dimension but segregated to some degree in the use of space during wet and dry seasons. The four herbivores shared a similar diet composition. Among dietary items, grasses contributed high percentages during the wet season. Under conditions of resource limitation (dry season), the native plains viscacha differed in feeding strategy from the non-native herbivores. These results deepen our understanding of likely underlying mechanisms that allow coexistence of native and non-native herbivores in an arid ecosystem.
A Comparison of Hay and Fish Emulsion-Infused Water as Oviposition Attractants for the CDC Gravid Trap
Authors: McNamara Timothy D , Healy Kristen 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Multiple oviposition attractants are used for Culex (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquito surveillance in the CDC Gravid Trap, including hay and fish emulsion-infused water. Despite the use of both in the United States, no research has compared their attractiveness. We conducted trapping throughout Louisiana to assess the attractiveness of hay and fish emulsion-infused water in various habitat types and climates. Our results indicate that fish emulsion-infused water attracts more mosquitoes overall, more Culex quinquefasciatus (Say, 1823), and a wider diversity of mosquitoes than hay-infused water. This trend was maintained, regardless of habitat type or climate.
Validation of the COVID-19 Exposure and Family Impact Scales
Authors: Enlow Paul T , Phan Thao-Ly T , Lewis Amanda M , Hildenbrand Aimee K , Sood Erica , Canter Kimberly S , Vega Gaby , Alderfer Melissa A , Kazak Anne E 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objective
The COVID-19 Exposure and Family Impact Scales (CEFIS) were developed in Spring 2020 to assess effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on families and caregivers. Initial psychometric properties were promising. The current study examined the factor structure and evaluated convergent and criterion validity of the CEFIS in a new sample.

Methods
In October and November 2020, caregivers (N = 2,531) of youth (0–21 years) scheduled for an ambulatory care visit at Nemours Children’s Hospital, Delaware completed the CEFIS and measures of convergent (PROMIS Global Mental Health Scale, Family Assessment Device) and criterion validity (PTSD Checklist—Civilian). Confirmatory factor analysis was used to examine the factor structure of the CEFIS. Bivariate correlations and logistic regression were used to examine convergent and criterion validity.

Results
Factor analysis supported the original six- and three-factor structures for the Exposure and Impact scales, respectively. Second-order factor analyses supported the use of Exposure, Impact, and Distress total scores. Higher scores on the CEFIS Exposure, Impact, and Distress scales were associated with increased mental health concerns and poorer family functioning. Higher scores on all CEFIS scales were also associated with greater odds of having clinically significant posttraumatic stress symptoms.

Conclusions
The CEFIS is a psychometrically sound measure of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on family and caregiver functioning and may also be useful in identifying families who would benefit from psychological supports.
Analysis of the clinical characteristics of the liver injury induced by levetiracetam
Authors: Sun Wei , He Yang , Li Zuojun , Wang Chunjiang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Levetiracetam (LEV) has a low risk of hepatotoxicity due to low liver metabolism. Knowledge regarding the association between LEV exposure and liver injury is based mainly on case reports. The purpose of this study is to summarize the clinical features of LEV-induced liver injury.

Methods
We collected literature on liver injury induced by LEV for retrospective analysis from 1999 to April 2021 in Chinese and English.

Key findings
The median age of 21 patients (13 males and 8 females) was 31 years (range 0.13–76). The median time for liver injury was 19 days (range 3–120). The clinical manifestations of patients ranged from asymptomatic elevated liver enzymes in 5 patients (23.8%) to fever, digestive system symptoms and skin rash in 16 patients (76.2%). The median values of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were 773 IU/L (range 60–4800) and 667.5 IU/L (range 53–10 387), respectively. Liver biopsy demonstrated hepatocellular necrosis. The liver function returned to normal at a median time of 9 days (range 2–270) after discontinuation of LEV.

Conclusions
LEV-induced liver injury is a rare adverse reaction, ranging from asymptomatic elevated transaminases to fulminant liver failure. Patients receiving long-term treatment with LEV should consider monitoring liver function.
Compound Heterozygous VPS13A Variants in a Patient with Neuroacanthocytosis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Kim Aryun , Chae Hee-Yun , Park Hee Sue 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Chorea-acanthocytosis (ChAc) is a rare autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder caused by pathogenic variants of the vacuolar protein sorting 13A (VPS13A). Only a few patients with ChAc have been reported to date, and the variant spectrum of VPS13A has not been completely elucidated. We describe the case of a 36-year-old woman who had been experiencing orofacial dyskinesia since age 30 years. In a genetic study using next-generation sequencing, 2 variants of VPS13A, the nonsense variant c.4411C&gt;T (p.Arg1471Ter) and the splicing variant c.145-2A&gt;T, were identified. The splicing variant c.145-2A&gt;T was newly classified as a pathogenic variant through a literature review. Consequently, the patient was diagnosed with ChAc based on the typical clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, and imaging results.
Modelling Ceteris Paribus Preferences with Deontic Logic
Authors: Loreggia Andrea , Lorini Emiliano , Sartor Giovanni 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe present a formal semantics for deontic logic based on the concept of ceteris paribus preferences. We introduce notions of unconditional obligation and permission as well as conditional obligation and permission that are interpreted relative to this semantics. We show that these notions satisfy some intuitive properties and, at the same time, do not encounter some problems and paradoxes that have been extensively discussed in the deontic logic literature. We prove that the satisfiability problem for our logic is in NP. Finally, we show that the fragment of our logic in which the content of a deontic operator is a literal has an equivalent representation based on conditional preference networks (CP-nets).
Stars in the local galactic thick disc and halo in Gaia EDR3: a catalogue of half a million local main-sequence stars with photometric metallicities
Authors: Kim Bokyoung , Lépine Sebastien 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
We present a catalogue of 551 214 main-sequence stars in the local (d &lt; 2 kpc) Galactic thick disc and halo, based on a search of stars with large proper motions ($\mu _{\rm tot} \gt 40.0~\rm mas\, yr^{-1}$) in the Gaia Early Data Release 3. We derive photometric metallicity calibrated from the colour–luminosity–metallicity distribution of 20 047 stars with spectroscopic metallicities, collected from various spectroscopic surveys, including SDSS SEGUE/APOGEE, GALAH DR3, and LAMOST DR6. We combine these results to construct an empirical colour–magnitude–metallicity grid, which can be used to estimate photometric metallicities for low-mass metal-poor stars of K and M subtypes from their absolute G magnitude and colour values. We find that low-mass, high-velocity stars in our catalogue share similar kinematics as reported in recent studies of more luminous Galactic halo stars. The pseudo-kinematic analysis of our sample recovers the main local halo structures, including the Gaia–Enceladus Stream and the Helmi stream; aside from these, the local halo stars appear to show a remarkably smooth distribution in velocity space. Since the future Gaia data release will provide radial velocity measurements for only a small number of our sample, our catalogue provides targets of high interest for the future spectroscopic observation programs.
Second-generation star formation in globular clusters of different masses
Authors: Yaghoobi A , Calura F , Rosdahl J , Haghi H 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
By means of three-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations, we investigate the formation of second-generation (SG) stars in young globular clusters of different masses. We consider clusters with a first generation of asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars with mass 105 and $10^6\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$ moving at constant velocity through a uniform gas with density 10−24 and 10−23 g cm−3. Our set-up is designed to reproduce the encounter of a young cluster with a reservoir of dense gas, e.g. during its orbital motion in the host galaxy. In the low-density models, as a result of the cooling AGB ejecta which collect in the centre, weakly perturbed by the external ram pressure, a compact central He-rich SG stellar component is formed on a time-scale which decreases with increasing initial cluster mass. Our high-density models are subject to stronger ram pressure, which prevents the accumulation of the most He-rich AGB ejecta in the cluster centre. As a result, the SG is more extended and less He-enhanced than in the low-density models. By combining our results with previous simulations, we are able to study relevant, cluster-related scaling relations across a dynamical range of two orders of magnitude in mass (from $10^5 $ to $10^7 \, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$). In agreement with current observationally based estimates, we find positive correlations between the SG-to-total number ratio and maximum He enhancement in SG stars as a function of the initial cluster mass.
Introducing the thesan project: radiation-magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the epoch of reionization
Authors: Kannan R , Garaldi E , Smith A , Pakmor R , Springel V , Vogelsberger M , Hernquist L 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
We introduce the thesan project, a suite of large volume ($L_\mathrm{box} = 95.5 \, \mathrm{cMpc}$) radiation-magnetohydrodynamic simulations that simultaneously model the large-scale statistical properties of the intergalactic medium during reionization and the resolved characteristics of the galaxies responsible for it. The flagship simulation has dark matter and baryonic mass resolutions of $3.1 \times 10^6\, {\rm M_\odot }$ and $5.8 \times 10^5\, {\rm M_\odot }$, respectively. The gravitational forces are softened on scales of 2.2 ckpc with the smallest cell sizes reaching 10 pc at z = 5.5, enabling predictions down to the atomic cooling limit. The simulations use an efficient radiation hydrodynamics solver (arepo-rt) that precisely captures the interaction between ionizing photons and gas, coupled to well-tested galaxy formation (IllustrisTNG) and dust models to accurately predict the properties of galaxies. Through a complementary set of medium resolution simulations we investigate the changes to reionization introduced by different assumptions for ionizing escape fractions, varying dark matter models, and numerical convergence. The fiducial simulation and model variations are calibrated to produce realistic reionization histories that match the observed evolution of the global neutral hydrogen fraction and electron scattering optical depth to reionization. They also match a wealth of high-redshift observationally inferred data, including the stellar-to-halo-mass relation, galaxy stellar mass function, star formation rate density, and the mass–metallicity relation, despite the galaxy formation model being mainly calibrated at z = 0. We demonstrate that different reionization models give rise to varied bubble size distributions that imprint unique signatures on the 21 cm emission, especially on the slope of the power spectrum at large spatial scales, enabling current and upcoming 21 cm experiments to accurately characterize the sources that dominate the ionizing photon budget.
Cigarette Price Increases, Advertising Ban, and Pictorial Warnings as Determinants of Youth Smoking Initiation in Poland
Authors: Stoklosa Michal , Pogorzelczyk Katarzyna , Balwicki Łukasz 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Europe’s Beating Cancer Plan aims to create a “Tobacco-Free Generation” by 2040. To generate meaningful public health policy to achieve this target, we must understand more clearly the determinants of youth smoking initiation.

Aims and Methods
We examine the determinants of cigarette-smoking initiation in Poland using survival analysis techniques and data from four youth smoking surveys: the 2003, 2009, and 2016 Global Youth Tobacco Surveys (GYTS) and the 2019 PolNicoYouth survey (number of person-period observations N = 164 807). Split-population duration models are employed. The hazard of smoking initiation is modeled as a function of cigarette prices, nonprice tobacco-control measures, and socioeconomic variables.

Results
Our study finds a negative and significant relationship between cigarette prices and the hazard of smoking initiation in all models (hazard ratio from 0.86 to 0.91). Lower hazards of smoking initiation were also associated with a comprehensive advertising ban (hazard ratio from 0.69 to 0.70) and with the introduction of pictorial warnings (hazard ratio from 0.65 to 0.68).

Conclusions
This study concludes that cigarette price increases, such as from higher cigarette excise taxes, could further significantly reduce cigarette youth smoking initiation in Poland. Removing promotional and advertising elements from cigarette packs and making the health warning more noticeable through plain packaging laws would further accelerate the reduction in smoking initiation.

Implications
The European Union is currently formally reconsidering the Tobacco Tax Directive. This makes this analysis of the impact of cigarette prices on youth smoking initiation both timely and germane. As ever more countries implement standardized cigarette packaging, findings here provide support for this measure that removes advertising elements from the packs and makes the health warning more noticeable.
Skilled Nursing Facility Organizational Characteristics Are More Strongly Associated With Multiparticipant Therapy Provision Than Patient Characteristics
Authors: Prusynski Rachel A , Pradhan Sujata , Mroz Tracy M 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivesMultiparticipant physical and occupational therapy provision has fluctuated significantly in skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) under shifts in Medicare reimbursement policy. Multiparticipant therapy includes group (2–6 individuals per therapist) and concurrent therapy (2 individuals per therapist). This study uses recent patient-level data to characterize multiparticipant therapy provision in SNFs to help anticipate shifts under new Medicare policy and the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsThis secondary analysis used data on 1,016,984 post-acute rehabilitation stays in SNFs in 2018. This analysis identified patient predictors (eg, demographic, clinical) and organizational predictors (eg, ownership, quality, staffing) of receiving multiparticipant therapy using mixed-effects logistic regression. Among individuals who received any multiparticipant therapy, those patient or facility factors associated with high rates of multiparticipant therapy provision were also determined.ResultsLess than 3% of individuals received multiparticipant therapy in 2018. Patient functional and cognitive impairment and indicators of market regulation were associated with lower odds of multiparticipant therapy. Effect sizes for organizational factors associated with multiparticipant therapy provision were generally larger compared with patient factors. High multiparticipant therapy provision was concentrated in &lt;2% of SNFs and was positively associated with for-profit ownership, contract staffing, and low 5-star quality ratings.ConclusionSNF organizational characteristics tended to have stronger associations with multiparticipant therapy provision than patient factors, suggesting that changes in patient case-mix, as expected during the COVID-19 pandemic, may have less of an impact on multiparticipant therapy provision than organizational factors. Results suggest that for-profit SNFs in states with higher market regulation, SNFs providing high volumes of therapy, and SNFs utilizing high proportions of assistants and contract staff may be more responsive to Medicare policy by increasing multiparticipant therapy provision.ImpactThis study may help identify SNFs that are more likely to increase multiparticipant therapy provision under new Medicare payment policy.
Multidimensional Development and Adaptive Behavioral Functioning in Younger and Older Children With Rett Syndrome
Authors: Wang Shih-Ya , Lee Wang-Tso , Shieh Jeng-Yi , Huang Yen-Hsun , Wong Lee-Chin , Tsao Chih-Hsuan , Chiu Yi-Lun , Wu Yen-Tzu 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objective
The purpose of this study was to examine clinical severity, multidimensional development, and adaptive behavioral functioning in younger and older children with Rett syndrome (RTT) in the pseudostationary stage (stage III).

Methods
Fourteen younger (≤10 years of age) and 15 older (11–18 years of age) children with confirmed stage III RTT (assigned to young-RTT and old-RTT groups, respectively) participated in this study. Clinical severity was determined using the Clinical Severity Score (CSS) scale for RTT. The children’s cognitive, language, motor, and sociocommunicative development was assessed using the Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL) and the Early Social Communication Scale (ESCS). Their adaptive behavioral and daily functional skills were assessed using the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales-Chinese version (VABS-C) and Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory-Chinese version (PEDI-C).

Results
Compared with the young-RTT group, the old-RTT group had higher severity of scoliosis on the CSS scale, poorer fine motor scores on the MSEL, reduced eye contact, reduced alternating eye gaze, and reduced turn-taking during social interaction on the ESCS. However, none of the VABS-C or PEDI-C subscale scores differed significantly between the groups. Higher CSSs were significantly correlated with lower scores in several subscales of MSEL, ESCS, VABS-C, and PEDI-C, especially for gross motor, mobility, and socialization functioning in all children with RTT.

Conclusion
Age-related differences in fine motor and sociocommunicative skills were observed between the young-RTT and old-RTT group, as measured using standardized assessments. Greater severity of RTT was correlated with poor motor, sociocommunicative, adaptive behavioral, and daily functional skills in stage III RTT.

Impact
Practitioners should be aware of clinical severity and the differences of developmental and adaptive behavioral functioning between younger and older children in the pseudostationary stage of RTT to provide specific age-related treatments.

Lay Summary
With an understanding of severity and differences of developmental and adaptive behavioral functioning between younger and older children, clinical professionals can provide specific age-related treatments.
An Information-based Theory of Financial Intermediation
Authors: Bethune Zachary , Sultanum Bruno , Trachter Nicholas 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We build a theory of financial intermediation based on the premise that some investors are better able to figure out the trade motives of their counterparties in bilateral meetings—screening experts. We solve for the equilibrium market structure and study how information asymmetries stemming from heterogeneity in screening expertise shape up the core–periphery trade structure. In particular, the core of the market is populated by screening experts: they have the largest share of trade volume, they are actively engaged in middleman activity, and trade with the most counterparties. Using transaction-level micro-data and information disclosure requirements, we provide extensive evidence consistent only with our theory of financial intermediation.
The occurrence of multiple treatment switches in axial spondyloarthritis. Results from five Nordic rheumatology registries
Authors: Di Giuseppe Daniela , Lindström Ulf , Aaltonen Kalle , Relas Heikki , Provan Sella , Gudbjornsson Bjorn , Hetland Merete Lund , Askling Johan , Kauppi Markku , Geirsson Arni Jon , Chatzidionysiou Katerina , Jørgensen Tanja Schjødt , Dreyer Lene , Michelsen Brigitte , Jacobsson Lennart , Glintborg Bente 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objectives
In axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), switching between multiple biologic or targeted synthetic (b/ts-) DMARDs might indicate difficult-to-treat disease. We aimed to explore the occurrence of multiple switching in routine care axSpA patients using various definitions, and to identify associated clinical characteristics upon start of first b/tsDMARD (baseline).

Methods
Observational cohort study including patients with axSpA starting a first-ever b/tsDMARD 2009–2018 based on data from five biologic registries (Denmark/Sweden/Finland/Norway/Iceland). Comorbidities and extra-articular manifestations were identified through linkage to national registries. Multi-switching was defined in overlapping categories according to b/tsDMARD treatment history: treatment with ≥3, ≥4 or ≥5 b/tsDMARDs during follow-up. We explored the cumulative incidence of patients becoming multi-switchers with ≥3 b/tsDMARDs stratified by calendar-period (2009–2011, 2012–2013, 2014–2015, 2016–2018). In the subgroup of patients starting a first b/tsDMARD 2009–2015, baseline characteristics associated with multi-switching (within 3 years’ follow-up) were explored using multiple logistic regression analyses.

Results
Among 8398 patients included, 6056 patients (63% male, median age 42 years) started a first b/tsDMARD in 2009–2015, whereof proportions treated with ≥3, ≥4 or ≥5 b/tsDMARDs within 3 years’ follow-up were 8%, 3% and 1%, respectively. Calendar-period did not affect the cumulative incidence of multi-switching. Baseline characteristics associated with multi-switching (≥3 b/tsDMARDs) were female gender, shorter disease duration, higher patient global score, comorbidities and having psoriasis but not uveitis.

Conclusion
In this large Nordic observational cohort of axSpA patients, multiple switching was frequent with no apparent time-trend. Clinical associated factors included gender, but also previous comorbidities and extra-articular manifestations illustrating the ongoing challenge of treating this patient group.