bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
UTILITY MODEL PROTECTION - TRENDS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION AND CHALLENGES FOR UKRAINE
Authors: Юрій Капіца  
Published: June 2021

The issue of utility model (UM) protection in Ukraine in1993–2020 and the practice of the EU Member–States is considered. It is noted theproblem of UM trolling and exceeding the number of applications in Ukraine for UM in comparison with inventions. It is associated with the expansion in 2003 of the UM object in addition to the device also to a process, substance, microorganism strain, plant or animal cells culture and limiting the criterion of patentability only to the requirementnovelty and industrial applicability.It is concluded that the adoption of the Law of 21.07.2020 № 816-IX is an important step to limit patent trolling. The Law provides for exclusion from the protection of the substance and the introduction of post grant opposition in the Appellate Chamber.However the Law does not solve the problem of patent trolling at the customs border and did not exclude process from the protection. Also there will still be the problem at the courts as well Appellate Chamber to declare a utility model invalid if the UM is a new but obvious technical solution due to the lack of inventive step requirement or lower requirements for inventive step.The peculiarities of the protection of the utility model in the 15 old EU member states and the United Kingdom are analyzed. It is shown the tendency to increase level of protection of UM in the EU. In 6 EU countries there is no UM protection. In 5 there is an inventive step requirement. In 2 countries protection is possible only for three-dimensional objects (Italy, Greece). In 2 countries (Finland, Spain) - lower requirements for the inventive step.The directions of change of UM legislation in Ukraine are substantiated, including: Option 1: cancellation of protection of UM taking into account experience of Luxembourg, Sweden, Great Britain, Belgium, the Netherlands.Option 2: introduction of protection only for three-dimensional UM (protection is not provided to the method, substances, biotechnological inventions). Establishment of the criterion of inventive step the same as for inventions. Determination of mandatory examination of compliancewith the criteria of patentability (novelty, inventive step, industrial applicability) before the enforcement of UM in the courts, customs, Antimonopoly Committee.Option 3. Definition of protection of utility model as a form of protection of the invention with similar requirements as in option 2.
THE CONCEPT OF PRIVACY OF TELEPHONE CONVERSATIONS CONVEYED BY MEANS OF COMMUNICATION (ARTICLE 163 OF THE CRIMINAL CODE OF UKRAINE)
Authors: Анжела Стрижевська  
Published: June 2021

The article investigates the problem of criminal law nature of the concepts of telephone conversations, the secrets of such conversations, as well as deals with certain issues of the concept of telephone conversations conveyed by means of communication, analyzes the relationship between the concept of “conversations” (conversations made by telephone) and “objects” for working with which telecommunications (electroc ommunications) and telecommunication networks are intended. You can distinguish between legal and factual features.Legal features are due to the fact that such conversations are covered by the law of personal non-property rights and are given the status of secrecy.The factual features of telephone conversations are due to the fact that such conversations are the activities of at least two persons involved in the conversation, on the exchange of information between them, have a specific form with a certain meaning, carried out by appropriate means of communication.Under such conditions, telephone conversations, in order to indicate the content of the subject of the crime under Article 163 of the Criminal Code, must meet the following mandatory requirements: 1) reproduce certain activities of a person that lasts for some time and exchanged participate in such a conversation (exchange of information); 2) have a specific objective form (verbal, the form of sounds, signals, messages, the so-called "silent consent", etc., but which are somehow exchanged with a certain meaning, perceiving such a meaning, several participants in the conversation); 3) have a certain meaning (ie, regardless of the chosen form, the conversation must contain specific information that is exchanged by persons involved in it, and who perceive (realize) the meaning of such information); 4) be transmitted by certain means of communication (by telecommunications, telecommunications networks). If the conversation does not meet at least one of these requirements — the subject of the crime (telephone conversation), provided for in Article 163 of the Criminal Code — will obviously be absent.
Agreement in Left Ventricular Function Measured by Echocardiography and Cardiac Magnetic Resonance in Patients With Chronic Coronary Total Occlusion
Authors: Li Jiahui , Zhang Lijun , Wang Yueli , Zuo Huijuan , Huang Rongchong , Yang Xueyao , Han Ye , He Yi , Song Xiantao 
Published: June 2021

Aims: To determine the agreement between two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (2DTTE) and cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) in left ventricular (LV) function [including end-systolic volume (LVESV), end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), and ejection fraction (LVEF)] in chronic total occlusion (CTO) patients.Methods: Eighty-eight CTO patients were enrolled in this study. All patients underwent 2DTTE and CMR within 1 week. The correlation and agreement of LVEF, LVESV, and LVEDV as measured by 2DTTE and CMR were assessed using Pearson correlation, Kappa analysis, and Bland–Altman method.Results: The mean age of patients enrolled was 57 ± 10 years. There was a strong correlation (r = 0.71, 0.90, and 0.80, respectively, all P &lt; 0.001) and a moderately strong agreement (Kappa = 0.62, P &lt; 0.001) between the two modalities in measurement of LV function. The agreement in patients with EF ≧50% was better than in those with an EF &lt;50%. CTO patients without echocardiographic wall motion abnormality (WMA) had stronger intermodality correlations (r = 0.84, 0.96, and 0.87, respectively) and smaller biases in LV function measurement.Conclusions: The difference in measurement between 2DTTE and CMR should be noticed in CTO patients with EF &lt;50% or abnormal ventricular motion. CMR should be considered in these conditions.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Risk of Five Common Psychiatric Disorders Among European Women: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Jin Luyang , Yu Jia'en , Chen Yuxiao , Pang Haiyan , Sheng Jianzhong , Huang Hefeng 
Published: June 2021

Background: Observational studies have implied an association between polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and psychiatric disorders. Here we examined whether PCOS might contribute causally to such disorders, focusing on anxiety disorder (AD), bipolar disorder (BIP), major depression disorder (MDD), obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), and schizophrenia (SCZ).Methods: Causality was explored using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) with genetic variants as instrumental variables. The genetic variants were from summary data of genome-wide association studies in European populations. First, potential causal effects of PCOS on each psychiatric disorder were evaluated, and then potential reverse causality was also assessed once PCOS was found to be causally associated with any psychiatric disorder. Causal effects were explored using inverse variance weighting, MR-Egger analysis, simulation extrapolation, and weighted median analysis.Results: Genetically predicted PCOS was positively associated with OCD based on inverse variance weighting (OR 1.339, 95% CI 1.083–1.657, p = 0.007), simulation extrapolation (OR 1.382, 95% CI 1.149–1.662, p = 0.009) and weighted median analysis (OR 1.493, 95% CI 1.145–1.946, p = 0.003). However, genetically predicted OCD was not associated with PCOS. Genetically predicted PCOS did not exert causal effects on AD, BIP, MDD, or SCZ.Conclusions: In European populations, PCOS may be a causal factor in OCD, but not AD, BIP, MDD, or SCZ.
Women’s Participation in Pap Smear Screening in a Developing Country: Evidence for Improving Health Systems
Authors: Santamaría-Ulloa Carolina , Quirós-Rojas Ileana , Montero-López Melina , Quesada-Leitón Hazel 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionEvery year about 83,000 women are diagnosed with cervical cancer in the Americas. Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) has one of the highest incidence and mortality rates from cervical cancer in the world. Although incidence has decreased by half in the last 30 years, cervical cancer remains a public health concern. The detection of precursor lesions through Papanicolaou (Pap) smear remains a critical tool in the context of prevention in Costa Rica and many other LAC countries.ObjectiveTo determine predictors of participation in Pap smear screening among Costa Rican women, with a special focus on women who have never had a Pap smear or have had a smear 5 or more years ago.MethodsThe data source for this study is the Costa Rican Households National Survey conducted in 2014. This survey is representative at the national, urban/rural zone, and administrative region level. A subsample of women aged 20 to 69 years who responded to the survey’s Papanicolaou Module were included in this study (n = 11,709). Statistical analyses were conducted in R-Studio. Statistical significance level was set at 5%. Two multinomial regression models were estimated. The first model aimed to explain the five different categories of cytology use, which were defined according to the last time women had a Pap smear. The second model aimed to explain the five different categories of reasons why women had never had a Pap smear. Both models controlled for age, educational attainment, and marital status.ResultsYoung women with high educational attainment were more likely to have never had a cytology. Women with a lower educational attainment, married, or in domestic relationship and of older age had greater odds of having had a cytology 5 or more years ago. Each year increment in age was significantly associated with an increase in the odds of never having a Pap smear because of health care access issues or because of cultural reasons as compared to not having an active sexual life.ConclusionsFindings can inform public policy targeted to higher risk female populations where access to health services can be improved.
Transcriptome Analysis Reveals MFGE8-HAPLN3 Fusion as a Novel Biomarker in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Wang Meng-Yuan , Huang Man , Wang Chao-Yi , Tang Xiao-Ying , Wang Jian-Gen , Yang Yong-De , Xiong Xin , Gao Chao-Wei 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundTriple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive cancer with poor prognosis. The lack of effective targeted therapies for TNBC remains a profound clinical challenge. Fusion transcripts play critical roles in carcinogenesis and serve as valuable diagnostic and therapeutic targets in cancer. The present study aimed to identify novel fusion transcripts in TNBC.MethodsWe analyzed the RNA sequencing data of 360 TNBC samples to identify and filter fusion candidates through SOAPfuse and ChimeraScan analysis. The characteristics, including recurrence, fusion type, chromosomal localization, TNBC subgroup distribution, and clinicopathological correlations, were analyzed in all candidates. Furthermore, we selected the promising fusion transcript and predicted its fusion type and protein coding capacity.ResultsUsing the RNA sequencing data, we identified 189 fusion transcripts in TNBC, among which 22 were recurrent fusions. Compared to para-tumor tissues, TNBC tumor tissues accumulated more fusion events, especially in high-grade tumors. Interestingly, these events were enriched at specific chromosomal loci, and the distribution pattern varied in different TNBC subtypes. The vast majority of fusion partners were discovered on chromosomes 1p, 11q, 19p, and 19q. Besides, fusion events mainly clustered on chromosome 11 in the immunomodulatory subtype and chromosome 19 in the luminal androgen receptor subtype of TNBC. Considering the tumor specificity and frameshift mutation, we selected MFGE8-HAPLN3 as a novel biomarker and further validated it in TNBC samples using PCR and Sanger sequencing. Further, we successfully identified three types of MFGE8-HAPLN3 (E6-E2, E5-E3, and E6-E3) and predicted the ORF of E6-E2, which could encode a protein of 712 amino acids, suggesting its critical role in TNBC.ConclusionsImproved bioinformatic stratification and comprehensive analysis identified the fusion transcript MFGE8-HAPLN3 as a novel biomarker with promising clinical application in the future.
Psychometric Validation of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support During Pregnancy in Rural Pakistan
Authors: Sharif Maria , Zaidi Ahmed , Waqas Ahmed , Malik Abid , Hagaman Ashley , Maselko Joanna , LeMasters Katherine , Liaqat Rakhshanda , Bilal Samina , Bibi Tayyaba , Ahmad Ikhlaq , Sikander Siham , Rahman Atif 
Published: June 2021

Background: The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) is a short and reliable instrument that assesses perceived social support from the social network of an individual. A previous study in Pakistan among postpartum women has demonstrated a unidimensional factor structure in contrast to the original three-factor structure. The emergence of a one-factor structure for postpartum women in Pakistan may be due to traditional postpartum practices unique to the women of the subcontinent. Building upon the previous evidence, this study aims to explore the psychometric properties of MSPSS among pregnant women in their third trimester in rural Pakistan.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from October 2014 to February 2016, in rural Pakistan. A sample of 1,154 pregnant women (aged ≥ 18 years) in their third trimester who were registered with the local Lady Health Worker Program and were living in the north of the Punjab Province was included in this study. They were assessed using Urdu translated scales of Patient Health Questionnaire, MSPSS, Maternal Social Support Index, and Perceived Stress Scale. Principal Axis Factoring was used to assess the construct validity of the MSPSS.Results: The MSPSS scale showed an excellent internal consistency, yielding a Cronbach's α-value of 0.933. The MSPSS scale exhibited an excellent construct validity, and confirmatory factor analysis retained three factors (family, friends, and significant others) for both the depressed and non-depressed samples. Internal reliability and construct validity were also established.Conclusion: The psychometric findings suggest that the tridimensional structure of MSPSS is a valid and reliable measure of perceived social support among the Pakistani population with and without perinatal depression. The perceived social support is an important predictor of maternal mental well-being and psychopathologies, and the MSPSS can serve as a useful tool in mental health research in Pakistan.
Men and Those With a History of Smoking Are Associated With the Development of Postoperative Ileus Following Elective Colorectal Cancer Resection at a Private Academic Hospital in Johannesburg, South Africa: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Watkins Estella L. , Schellack Natalie , Abraham Veena , Bebington Brendan 
Published: June 2021

Introduction: A scarcity of local published data on colorectal cancer (CRC) postoperative complications, including postoperative ileus (POI), exists. POI is a temporary gastrointestinal (GI) state of absent or reduced gastric motility shown to increase patient morbidity, prolong length-of-stay (LOS), and intensify the healthcare resource burden. The pathogenesis of POI involves a neurogenic and inflammatory phase plus a pharmacological component.Aim and Objectives: This study aimed to determine centre-specific preoperative risk factors associated with the development of ileus post elective therapeutic CRC resection. The objectives were to determine whether patient demographics; functional status; comorbidities; GI history; pharmacotherapy (including neoadjuvant chemotherapy); and lastly neoadjuvant radiation and chemoradiation were associated with the development of POI.Method: Patients who underwent CRC resection between January 2016 and May 2019 were retrospectively identified from an existing database. Urgent—or non-therapeutic surgeries; surgeries with the complication anastomotic leak or GI obstruction; patients under 18 at the time of surgery or surgeries preceded by preoperative parenteral nutrition were excluded. A comparison was done of the incidence of exposure in the study cohort to investigated variables as potential risk factors for the complication POI.Results: A total of 155 patient cases were included, and 56 (36%) of them developed POI. Univariate comparison of patients who developed POI with demographic characteristics of patients who did not suggested that women were at lower risk to develop POI compared to men (p = 0,013; RR 0,56; 95% CI 0,36–0,89). Functional status suggested that all previous smokers were at a higher risk to develop POI compared to lifetime non-smokers (p = 0,0069; RR 1,78; 95% CI 1,17–2,70). Multivariable comparison of ≤ 5 qualifying parameters showed no significance.Conclusion: The high local incidence of POI in this patient population shows that intervention is required to reduce the POI rate and improve postoperative outcomes. This study suggests that for men and all patients with a history of smoking both, CRC resection preoperative recommendations with the intention to prevent POI should include instructions initiating the activation of preventive strategies like the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) programme. More studies are needed to adequately determine local perioperative risk factors for POI.
Identification and Expression Profiling of Nonphosphorus Glycerolipid Synthase Genes in Response to Abiotic Stresses in Dendrobium catenatum
Authors: Zhan Xinqiao , Qian Yichun , Mao Bizeng 
Published: June 2021

Dendrobium catenatum, a valuable Chinese herb, frequently experiences abiotic stresses, such as cold and drought, under natural conditions. Nonphosphorus glycerolipid synthase (NGLS) genes are closely linked to the homeostasis of membrane lipids under abiotic stress in plants. However, there is limited information on NGLS genes in D. catenatum. In this study, a total of eight DcaNGLS genes were identified from the D. catenatum genome; these included three monogalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase (DcaMGD1, 2, 3) genes, two digalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase (DcaDGD1, 2) genes, and three sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol synthase (DcaSQD1, 2.1, 2.2) genes. The gene structures and conserved motifs in the DcaNGLSs showed a high conservation during their evolution. Gene expression profiling showed that the DcaNGLSs were highly expressed in specific tissues and during rapid growth stages. Furthermore, most DcaNGLSs were strongly induced by freezing and post-freezing recovery. DcaMGD1 and DcaSQDs were greatly induced by salt stress in leaves, while DcaDGDs were primarily induced by salt stress in roots. Under drought stress, most DcaNGLSs were regulated by circadian rhythms, and DcaSQD2 was closely associated with drought recovery. Transcriptome analysis also revealed that MYB might be regulated by circadian rhythm and co-expressed with DcaNGLSs under drought stress. These results provide insight for the further functional investigation of NGLS and the regulation of nonphosphorus glycerolipid biosynthesis in Dendrobium.
Carbon Cycling in Mangrove Ecosystem of Western Bay of Bengal (India)
Authors: Banerjee Kakoli , Mitra Abhijit , Villasante Sebastián 
Published: June 2021

Carbon cycling in the mangrove ecosystem is one of the important processes determining the potential of coastal vegetation (mangroves), sediment, and adjoining waters to carbon absorption. This paper investigates the carbon storage capacity of five dominant mangrove species (Avicenia marina, Avicenia officinalis, Excoecaria agallocha, Rhizophora mucronata, and Xylocarpous granatum) on the east coast of the Indian mangrove along with the role they play in the carbon cycling phenomenon. Soil and water parameters were analyzed simultaneously with Above Ground Biomass (AGB) and Above Ground Carbon (AGC) values for 10 selected stations along. The total carbon (TC) calculated from the study area varied from 51.35 ± 6.77 to 322.47 ± 110.79 tons per hectare with a mean total carbon of 117.89 ± 28.90 and 432.64 ± 106.05 tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e). The alarm of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change for reducing carbon emissions has been addressed by calculating the amount of carbon stored in biotic (mangroves) and abiotic (soil and water) compartments. This paper focuses on the technical investigations on the factors that control the carbon cycling process in mangroves. This blue carbon will help policymakers to develop a sustainable relationship between marine resource management and coastal inhabitants so that carbon trading markets can be developed, and the ecosystem is balanced.
THE MAIN TRENDS OF MODERNIZATION OF THE MODERN SYSTEM OF HIGHER LEGAL EDUCATION IN RUSSIA AS A NECESSARY CONDITION FOR THE FORMATION OF PROFESSIONAL LEGAL CULTURE OF LAWYERS
Authors: Туркаева Л. В. , Алисултанова Э. Д. 
Published: June 2021

Начало 90-х годов XX века по праву считается перестроечным этапом в политической, экономической и социальной сферах общественной жизни страны, обусловившие причину совершенствования правовой системы наряду с модернизацией институтов законодательства, гражданского общества, формирования правовой культуры населения. С точки зрения данного контекста особо пристальное внимание акцентируется на создании благоприятных условий для дальнейшего развития России в русле правового государства и, следовательно, необходимость в обеспечении личностного роста молодых кадров и формировании высококвалифицированных специалистов, способных качественно работать в различных сферах юриспруденции, а также представлять общественные и государственные интересы повышается с каждым днем. Именно высшее профессиональное юридическое образование составляет фундаментальную основу профессионального правового сознания в современном цивилизованном обществе. В связи с этим особую актуальность приобретает правовая степень культурного просвещения российского общества и уровень профессионального правосознания страты юристов как залог эффективности в решении правовых задач, стоящих перед российским государством. Как свидетельствует историческая практика, в современном мире не что иное, как высокая степень эффективности сферы образования во многом характеризует потенциал и богатство страны.
The beginning of the 90s of the XX century is rightfully considered a perestroika stage in the political, economic and social spheres of the country’s public life, which determined the reason for improving the legal system along with the modernization of the institutions of legislation, civil society, and the formation of the legal culture of the population. From the point of view of this context, particular attention is focused on creating favorable conditions for the further development of Russia in line with the rule of law and, consequently, the need to ensure the personal growth of young personnel and the formation of highly qualified specialists capable of high-quality work in various areas of jurisprudence, as well as representing public and state interests are increasing every day. It is the higher professional legal education that forms the fundamental basis of professional legal consciousness in a modern civilized society. In this regard, the legal degree of cultural enlightenment of the Russian society and the level of professional legal awareness of the stratum of lawyers as a guarantee of efficiency in solving legal problems facing the Russian state acquire particular relevance. As historical practice shows, in the modern world nothing more than a high degree of efficiency of the education sector largely characterizes the country’s potential and wealth.