bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protective effect of Moringa oleifera Lam. leaf extract against carbon tetrachloride-induced neuroinflammation in a mouse model of hepatic encephalopathy
Authors: Fathy Samah M. , Mohammed Mohammed S.M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a neuropsychiatric disorder associated with acute or chronic liver injury. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is usually used as an experimental model for HE. The present study aimed to assess the neuroprotective impacts of Moringa oleifera Lam. leaf ethanolic extract (MOLE) against neurotoxicity in CCl4-induced mouse model of HE.
Methods
High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was used for the detection of marker compounds; rutin and β-sitosterol. Animals were divided into four groups; vehicle group, CCl4 treated group, MOLE treated group, and (CCl4 + MOLE) group treated with MOLE for 14 days before inducing neurotoxicity by CCl4.
Results
Pretreatment with MOLE decreased alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), corticosterone, and ammonia levels in serum as well as it improved the antioxidant status of CCl4 treated mice in the tissue of hippocampus (HC) and cerebral cortex (CC). It reduced the expression of toll-like receptor (TLR)4, TLR2, myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MYD88), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) genes and the protein levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines in the selected brain regions. MOLE also exhibited anti-apoptotic effect as revealed by the reduced expression of caspase3, and prevented histological deteriorations caused by CCl4 treatment. Furthermore, CCl4-induced anxiety and depression-like behavioral changes were attenuated by MOLE preadministration.
Conclusions
Taken together, the current results suggest significant anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of MOLE via modulation of neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, TLR4/2-MyD88/NF-κB pathway, and apoptosis in HE experimental model.
Simvastatin impairs myoblast proliferation and myotube formation of C2C12 myoblasts and in mouse skeletal muscle
Authors: Sanvee Gerda M , Bouitbir Jamal , Kraehenbuehl Stephan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Statins reduce cardiovascular complications in patients with high LDL-cholesterol but are associated with myopathy. We investigated the possibility that statins impair skeletal muscle regeneration by assessing simvastatin toxicity on C2C12 myoblasts and myotubes and mouse skeletal muscle. Simvastatin increased plasma membrane permeability and decreased the cellular ATP content in both myoblasts and myotubes, but with a stronger effect on myoblasts. While insulin prevented cytotoxicity up to 8 hours after addition of simvastatin to myotubes, prevention in myoblasts required simultaneous addition. Mevalonate and geranylgeraniol also prevented simvastatin-associated cytotoxicity on myoblasts and myotubes. Simvastatin impaired the phosphorylation of the insulin receptor (IR β), Akt ser473 and S6rp, and increased phosphorylation of AMPK thr172 in both myotubes and myoblasts, which was prevented by insulin and mevalonate. Simvastatin impaired oxygen consumption and increased superoxide production by myoblasts and myotubes and induced apoptosis via cytochromc c release. In addition, simvastatin impaired proliferation and fusion of myoblasts to myotubes by inhibiting the expression of the nuclear transcription factor MyoD and of the metalloprotease ADAM-12. Decreased expression of the proliferation factor Ki-67 and of ADAM-12 were also observed in gastrocnemius of mice treated with simvastatin. In conclusion, myoblasts were more susceptible to the toxic effects of simvastatin and simvastatin impaired myoblast proliferation and myotube formation. Impaired muscle regeneration represents a new mechanism of statin myotoxicity and may be important in statin-associated myopathy.
Serum creatinine/cystatin C ratio as a surrogate marker for sarcopenia in patients with gastric cancer
Authors: Sun Jing , Yang Hui , Cai Wentao , Zheng Jingwei , Shen Ningzhe , Yang Xinxin , Pan Bujian , Zhang Weiteng , Chen Xiaodong , Shen Xian 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Sarcopenia is an age-related syndrome that may have negative impact on surgical outcomes and long-term survival of patients with gastric cancer. Serum creatinine/cystatin C (Cr/CysC) ratio has attracted attention as a surrogate marker for sarcopenia but has not been adequately studied in patients with gastric cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity of serum Cr/CysC ratio as a predictor of sarcopenia, evaluate a statistical cut-off value, and assess the relationship between Cr/CysC ratio and prognosis of patients with gastric cancer.Methods: We retrospectively studied 269 patients who underwent surgery for gastric cancer from June 2009 to October 2017. The skeletal muscle mass index was calculated using computed tomography (CT).We determined the relevance of serum Cr/CysC ratio as a surrogate maker for sarcopenia by comparing it with various biomarkers. The C-index was calculted to measure whether the Cr/CysC ratio can prognosis of patients with gastric cancer.Results: Serum Cr/CysC was significantly correlated with with Skeletal Muscle Index(SMI) (r=0.269, p<0.001) and Skeletal Muscle Area(SMA)(r=0.277, p<0.001). The area under the curve for sarcopenia was significantly larger for serum Cr/CysC ratio than for other biomarkers (Cr/CysC: 0.665, CysC: 0.441, Cr: 0.572). Patients in the high-Cr/CysC group have longer survival time than that in low-Cr/CysC group, defined by the cutoff value 0.67. The C-index of both Cr/CysC ratio and SMI with OS was 0.63.Conclusions:Serum Cr/CysC ratio can be used accurately, inexpensively, and easily to evaluate sarcopenia in male patients with gastric cancer. Our study shows that patients with Cr/CysC below 0.67 had possibility of sarcopenia and would be poor prognosis.
Limit of detection in different matrices of nineteen commercially available rapid antigen tests for the detection of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Kontogianni Konstantina , Edwards Thomas , Wooding Dominic , Buist Kate , Thompson Caitlin R. , Williams Christopher T. , Patterson Edward I , Hughes Grant , Baldwin Lisa , Escadafal Camille , Sacks Jilian A. , Adams Emily R. , Atienzar Ana I Cubas 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic there has been an increase of the use of antigen-detection rapid diagnostic tests (Ag-RDT). The performance of Ag-RDT vary greatly between manufacturers and evaluating their analytical limit of detection (LOD) has become high priority. Here we describe a manufacturer-independent evaluation of the LOD of 19 marketed Ag-RDT using live SARS-CoV-2 spiked in different matrices: direct culture supernatant, a dry swab, and a swab in Amies. Additionally, the LOD using dry swab was investigated after 7 days’ storage at -80°C of the SARS-CoV-2 serial dilutions. An LOD of ≈ 5.0 x 102 pfu/ml (1.0 x 106 genome copies/ml) in culture media is defined as acceptable by the World Health Organization. Fourteen of nineteen Ag-RDTs (ActiveXpress, Espline, Excalibur, Innova, Joysbio, Mologic, NowCheck, Orient, PanBio, RespiStrip, Roche, Standard-F, Standard-Q and Sure-Status) exceeded this performance criteria using direct culture supernatant applied to the Ag-RDT. Six Ag-RDT were not compatible with Amies media and a decreased sensitivity of 2 to 20-fold was observed for eleven tests on the stored dilutions at -80°C for 7 days. Here, we provide analytical sensitivity data to guide appropriate test and sample type selection for use and for future Ag-RDT evaluations. 201/200
Acute effects of ambient air pollution on lower respiratory infections in Guangzhou children of China
Authors: Zhong Huawen , Yang Linlin , Qiang Wei , Zhou Yongxian , Wei Lintong , He Miao 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background Daily concentrations of air pollution are associated with lower respiratory diseases. This study investigated the short-term association of ambient air pollution with daily hospital admissions due to pneumonia among children aged 0–17 in Guangzhou city of China.Methods Daily ambient air pollution concentrations were extracted from the databases of the Chinese Environmental Monitoring Center. Children hospital admission counts for pneumonia during 2013–2018 were sourced from the Guangdong Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital. Associations between outdoor air pollution levels and hospital admissions were estimated for time lags of zero up to seven days using Quasi-Poisson regression models, adjusted for seasonal variations, meteorological variables, day of week and holidays. The associations between clinical pathogenic microorganism inspection results for pneumonia and air pollutants were calculated using Lasso regression models.Results Ambient air pollutants were all positively associated with children hospital admissions due to pneumonia of all ages. Significant associations were found for air pollutants except for inhalable particulate matter (PM) \(\le\)10 µm in aerodynamic diameter (PM10) in children aged 0–17 years. Increments of an interquartile range (IQR) (279.10µg/m3 and 28.42µg/m3, respectively) in the 7-day-average level of carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) were associated with a 26.17% (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.40%-56.98%) and 25.09% (95%CI 0.54%-55.64%) increase in pneumonia hospitalizations for children aged 6–17, respectively. An IQR increase in CO concentrations (279.10µg/m3) was associated with a 15.15% (95%CI 4.34%-27.08%) increase in pneumonia hospitalizations for children aged 1–5. Estimates for CO were statistically significant among children aged 1–5 years in summer. The associations remained stable in two-pollutant models. Daily cases of microbial detection for pneumonia were positively associated with daily NO2 concentration. The pneumonia hospitalizations due to Mycoplasma pneumonia, Flu A virus and Flu B virus, the predominant pathogenic microorganisms detected in children aged 0–5 are apparently associated with levels of PMs, CO, NO2 and O3.Conclusions Strong associations among hospital admissions for lower respiratory infections, pathogenic microorganisms and daily levels of air pollution confirm the urgent need to adopt sustainable improving ambient air quality policies in Guangzhou city to protect children's health.
Identification of reference genes for studies of quantitative gene expression in male and female quail tissues.
Authors: Macario Maise dos Santos , Nascimento C. S. , Sousa F. C. B. , Oliveira I. R. S. , Vesco A. P. D. , Barbosa L. T. , Sousa K. R. S. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate stability and recommend reference genes for quantitative real-time PCR in different tissues from male and female broiler quails. The stability of 10 housekeeping genes (GAPDH, RPL5, MRPS27, MRPS30, TFRC, HMBS, EEF1, LDHA, B2M and UBC) was analyzed in heart, thigh muscle, brain and spleen, by means Bestkeeper, NormFinder, GeNorm softwares with ∆Cq method. The most stable housekeeping genes were MRPS30, TFRC and HMBS in heart; MRPS30, EEF1 and HMBS in thigh muscle; B2M, GAPDH and UBC in brain; and EEF1, LDHA and HMBS in spleen. It is recommended to be used as reference genes for gene expression studies of male and female quails.
Effects of Hoof Trimming on Feed Consumption, Milk Yield, Oxidant and Antioxidant System in Dairy Cows with Hoof Deformities
Authors: Yakan Selvinaz 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this study is objectived to reveal the importance of hoof trimming (HT) in cows by determining the changes in feed consumption, milk yield, oxidant, and antioxidant parameters in the days before and after HT in cows with hoof deformities. This research was conducted on 12 female Brown Swiss dairy cows mid to late lactation period that had healthy hooves showing symptoms lameness due to hoof deformities. Daily feed consumption and milk yield findings were recorded on days the 1,7 (before HT), 13 (on the day of HT), 19,25, and 31 (after HT) of the study. Total oxidant capacity (TOC) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) tests for determination of oxidative stress index, for the evaluation of antioxidant potential; glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme, Vitamin E, A, and C levels were measured in blood samples taken on the experiment days. According to the findings of this study, after HT increased feed consumption and milk yield in cows ( P < 0.05). After HT, TOC decreased ( P < 0.05), TAC ( P < 0.05), GSH-Px ( P < 0.05, P < 0.001), GSH ( P < 0.05, P < 0.001), SOD ( P < 0.05, P < 0.001), Vitamin E ( P < 0.05, P < 0.001) and Vitamin C ( P < 0.05) levels increased significantly, Vitamin A ( P > 0.05) levels did not change significantly. Results of this study showed that HT, the oxidant system was suppressed and the antioxidant system was supported in dairy cows with hoof deformities dad healthy hooves.
The analysis of tool vibration signals by Spectral Kurtosis and ICEEMDAN modes Energy for insert wear monitoring in turning operation
Authors: BOUHALAIS Mohamed Lamine , NOUIOUA Mourad 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Surface finish quality is becoming even more critical in modern manufacturing industry. In machining processes, surface roughness is directly linked to the cutting tool condition, a worn tool generally produces low quality surfaces, incurring additional costs in material and time. Therefore, tool wear monitoring is critical for a cost-effective production line. In this paper, the feasibility of a vibration-based approach for tool wear monitoring has been checked for turning process. AISI 1045 unalloyed carbon steel has been machined with TNMG carbide insert twenty-one times for a total of 27 minutes of machining, which was a necessary amount of time to exceed (300 µm) as a flank wear threshold. Vibration signals have been acquired during the operation and then processed in order to extract a correlation between the surface roughness, tool wear level and vibration comportment. First, Spectral kurtosis has been calculated for the twenty-one performed runs, the signals has then been decomposed with ICEEMDAN, the energy of the high frequency modes has been finally calculated. The Spectral Kurtosis has allowed the locating of the optimal frequency band that contains the machining vibration signature, yet it couldn’t have been used for wear monitoring. On the other hand, the energy of optimal frequency ICEEMDAN modes has increased in direct proportion to the increase of surface roughness degradation and thus, to tool wear.
Evaluation of the acceptability of patient-reported outcome measures in women following pelvic floor procedures
Authors: Ruseckaite Rasa , Bavor Claire , Marsh Lucy , Dean Joanne , Daly Justin O , Vasiliadis Dora , Ahern Susannah 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are valuable tools in evaluating the outcomes of surgical treatment health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI), and may be incorporated into related clinical quality registries. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and acceptability of incorporating PROMs into the Australian Pelvic Floor Procedure Registry (APFPR). Methods. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with women with SUI (N = 12) and their managing clinicians (N = 11) in Victoria, Australia. Interview topicscovered content and face validity, appropriateness, and acceptability of three incontinence-specific, two pain, one anxiety and depression, one sexual function and one patient global impression of improvement instruments identified through the literature to determine their suitability and acceptability for the APFPR. We analysed interview data into topics using conventional content analysis.Results. Study participants agreed that PROMs were needed for the APFPR. Both participant groups suggested that some of the instruments were ambiguous, therefore, only three instruments (one incontinence-specific, sexual function and patient global impression of improvement) will be included in the APFPR. Both clinicians and women agreed it would be appropriate to answer PROMs at baseline and then at six and 12 months post-surgically. Email, phone call and mail-out of the instruments were the preferred options for administration. Conclusions. Most women and clinicians supported the feasibility of incorporating PROMs in the APFPR. Participants believed the PROMs would demonstrate useful aggregate HRQoL data, facilitate research and have potential for use in individual care.
Immunogold-labelling localization of chlorophyllase at different developmental stages of Pachira macrocarpa leaves
Authors: Lee Tzan-Chain , Lin Kuan-Hung , Chen Chang-Chang , Shih Tin-Han , Huang Meng-Yuan , Yang Chi-Ming 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Chlorophyllases (Chlases) are housekeeping proteins in plant cells. The dephytylating enzymes can catalyze chlorophyll (Chl) to form chlorophyllide, but the distribution of Chlases in plant cells is still an interesting debate. In this study, antibody of PmCLH2 was made and used by immunogold-labelling technique to detect the location of Chlase of Pachira macrocarpa (Pm) leaves at four developmental stages, including young, mature, yellowing, and senesced stages. Results: The transmission electron microscopy results show that Chlases were comprehensively found in portions of chloroplast, such as the inner membrane of the envelope, grana, and the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast, cytosol, and vacuoles at young, mature, and yellowing stages of Pm leaves, but not in the cell wall, plasma membrane, mitochondria, and nucleus. Conclusions: PmChlases were mainly detected in vacuoles at the senescent stage, but a few were found in the chloroplasts. A pathway is proposed to explain the birth and death of Chl, Chlase, and chloroplasts in higher plants.
Cell cycle arrest biomarkers for predicting renal recovery from acute kidney injury: a prospective validation study
Authors: Jia Hui-Miao , Cheng Li , Weng Yi-Bing , Wang Jing-Yi , Zheng Xi , Jiang Yi-Jia , Xin Xin , Guo Shu-Yan , Chen Chao-Dong , Guo Fang-Xing , Han Yu-Zhen , Zhang Tian-En , Li Wen-Xiong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common disease in intensive care unit (ICU). AKI patients with non-recovery of renal function have a markedly increased risk of death compared with recovery patients. The current study aimed to explore and validate the utility of urinary cell cycle arrest biomarkers for predicting non-recovery in patients who developed AKI after ICU admission.Methods: We prospectively and consecutively enrolled 379 critically ill patients who developed AKI after admission to ICU, which divided into a derivation cohort (194 AKI patients) and a validation cohort (185 AKI patients). The biomarkers of urinary tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) were detected at inclusion (day 0) and 24 hours later (day 1). immediately after AKI diagnosis. The optimal cutoff values of biomarkers for predicting non-recovery was estimated in the derivation cohort, and the predictive accuracy of the biomarkers was assessed in the validation cohort. The primary endpoint was non-recovery from AKI (within 7 days).Results: 159 of 379 (41.9 %) patients failed to recover from AKI onset, with 79 in the derivation cohort and 80 in the validation cohort. Urinary [TIMP-2]*[IGFBP7] showed a better prediction for non-recovery than TIMP-2 and IGFBP7 alone, with the AUC of 0.751 (95 % CI 0.701 - 0.852, p < 0.001) and an optimal cutoff value of 1.05 ((ng/mL)2/1000). When [TIMP-2]*[IGFBP7] combined with clinical factors of AKI diagnosed by urine output (UO) criteria, AKI stage 2-3 and nonrenal SOFA score for predicting non-recovery, the AUC was significantly improved to 0.852 (95 % CI 0.750 - 0.891, p < 0.001), which achieved the sensitivity and specificity of 88.8 % (72.9, 98.7) and 92.6 % (80.8, 100.0), respectively.Conclusion: Urinary [TIMP-2]*[IGFBP7] represents a sensitive and specific biomarker to predict failure to recover from AKI. The predictive accuracy can be improved when urinary [TIMP-2]*[IGFBP7] combines with clinical factors of AKI diagnosed by UO criteria, AKI stage 2-3 and nonrenal SOFA score.
Endothelial Cell Activation by Interleukin-1 and Extracellular Matrix Laminin-10 Occurs via the Yap Signalling Pathway
Authors: Thurgur Hannah , Penny Jeffrey , Pinteaux Emmanuel 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays an important role for normal brain functions and homeostasis, and contributes to the inflammatory response and mechanisms of brain repair after acute brain injury. We have previously reported that the ECM laminin-10 (LM-10) is a key regulator of blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity, and is involved in BBB repair after hypoxic injury and interleukin-1 (IL-1)-induced inflammation in vitro. To further investigate the role of LM-10 in BBB inflammation and repair, we investigated for the first time the signalling mechanisms regulated by LM-10 in brain endothelial cells in response to IL-1β-induced inflammation in vitro. Methods: Human brain endothelial cell line hCMEC/D3 cultured on Matrigel- or LM-10-coated tissue culture plates were left untreated or were treated with human recombinant IL-1β at various concentrations and/or for various periods of time. In vitro hallmarks of angiogenesis were assessed using a scratch injury model and tube formation assay. Expression of cell adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, as well as IL-8 was measured using ELISA. Activation of signalling pathways ERK1/2, p38, NF-κB and YAP was assessed by quantitative ELISA or Western blot. Activation of genes downstream of YAP signalling was assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Results: LM-10 promoted endothelial proliferation and subsequent repair of an endothelial monolayer after scratch injury, induced tube formation, and upregulated IL-1β-induced ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression in vitro. Classical IL-1β-induced signalling pathway ERK1/2 and p38 were not modulated by LM-10, whilst LM-10 upregulated IL-1β-induced NF-κB activation. Importantly, we demonstrate for the first time a role of the YAP signalling pathway in endothelial cell activation, in that LM-10 significantly downregulates p-YAP (S397) activation without affecting phosphorylation of YAP (S127), leading to differential expression of YAP target genes, ctgf and serpine-1 involved in endothelial cell activation. Conclusion: Our study provides for the first time evidence that the YAP signalling pathway is an important regulator of endothelial cell activation, and could be a new therapeutic target for the treatment of cerebrovascular inflammatory diseases.