bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impacting the bottom line: Exploring the effect of a self‐efficacy oriented training intervention on unit‐level sales growth
Authors: Arciniega Luis M. , Servitje Anna , Woehr David J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study examines the impact of a specific training intervention on both individual‐ and unit‐level outcomes. We sought to examine the extent to which a training intervention incorporating key elements of error management training: (1) positively impacted sales specific self‐efficacy beliefs of trainees; and (2) positively impacted unit‐level sales growth over time. Results of an 11‐week longitudinal field experiment across 19 stores in a national bakery chain indicated that the sales self‐efficacy of trainees significantly increased between the levels they had 2 weeks before the intervention started and 4 weeks after it was initiated. Results based on a repeated measures ANOVA also indicated significantly higher sales performance in the intervention group compared with a non‐intervention control group. We also sought to address the extent to which individual‐level effects may be linked to the organizational level. We also provide evidence with respect to the extent to which changes in individual self‐efficacy were associated with unit‐level sales performance. Results confirmed this multi‐level effect as evidenced by a moderate significant correlation between the average self‐efficacy of the staff of each store and its sales performance across the weeks the intervention was in effect. The study contributes to the existing literature by providing direct evidence of the impact of an HRD intervention at multiple organizational levels.
Numerical and experimental investigation of a thermosiphon solar water heater system thermal performance used in domestic applications
Authors: Jasim Ayoob Khalid , Freegah Basim , Alhamdo Mohammed Hamed 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe thermosiphon is a passive heat exchange method, which circulates a fluid within a system without the need for any electrical or mechanical pumps. The thermosiphon is based on natural convection where the thermal expansion occurs when the temperature difference has a corresponding difference in density across the loop. Thermosiphons are used in different applications such as solar energy collection, automotive systems, and electronics. The current study aims to investigate thermosiphon thermal performance used in domestic applications. The thermal performance of a thermosiphon has been studied by many researchers; however, according to the knowledge of the authors, the influence of the amount of the working fluid on the thermal output has not yet been investigated. Therefore, the influence of the amount of working fluid within the riser pipe has been investigated on the thermal performance of the thermosiphon. In the current study, a computational fluid dynamics model is involved. This model has been validated by comparison with experimental findings. The maximum variation between numerical and experimental results is 14.2% and 11.2% for the working fluid at the inlet and outlet of the absorber pipe, respectively. Furthermore, the results show that the amount of working fluid inside the closed thermosiphon has a great influence on the thermal performance of the system. Additionally, it is found that Case‐B, when the amount of working fluid is less than by 10% compared to the traditional model, is the best case among all cases under study. Furthermore, a correlation equation to predict water temperature at the exit of the absorber pipe has been established with an accuracy of 95.05%.
Single‐Cell RNA‐Sequencing Reveals the Breadth of Osteoblast Heterogeneity
Authors: Yoshioka Hirotaka , Okita Saki , Nakano Masashi , Minamizaki Tomoko , Nubukiyo Asako , Sotomaru Yusuke , Bonnelye Edith , Kozai Katsuyuki , Tanimoto Kotaro , Aubin Jane E , Yoshiko Yuji 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTThe current paradigm of osteoblast fate is that the majority undergo apoptosis, while some further differentiate into osteocytes and others flatten and cover bone surfaces as bone lining cells. Osteoblasts have been described to exhibit heterogeneous expression of a variety of osteoblast markers at both transcriptional and protein levels. To explore further this heterogeneity and its biological significance, Venus‐positive (Venus+) cells expressing the fluorescent protein Venus under the control of the 2.3‐kb Col1a1 promoter were isolated from newborn mouse calvariae and subjected to single‐cell RNA sequencing. Functional annotation of the genes expressed in 272 Venus+ single cells indicated that Venus+ cells are osteoblasts that can be categorized into four clusters. Of these, three clusters (clusters 1 to 3) exhibited similarities in their expression of osteoblast markers, while one (cluster 4) was distinctly different. We identified a total of 1920 cluster‐specific genes and pseudotime ordering analyses based on established concepts and known markers showed that clusters 1 to 3 captured osteoblasts at different maturational stages. Analysis of gene co‐expression networks showed that genes involved in protein synthesis and protein trafficking between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi are active in these clusters. However, the cells in these clusters were also defined by extensive heterogeneity of gene expression, independently of maturational stage. Cells of cluster 4 expressed Cd34 and Cxcl12 with relatively lower levels of osteoblast markers, suggesting that this cell type differs from actively bone‐forming osteoblasts and retain or reacquire progenitor properties. Based on expression and machine learning analyses of the transcriptomes of individual osteoblasts, we also identified genes that may be useful as new markers of osteoblast maturational stages. Taken together, our data show much more extensive heterogeneity of osteoblasts than previously documented, with gene profiles supporting diversity of osteoblast functional activities and developmental fates. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
The Accuracy of Incident Vertebral Fracture Detection in Children Using Targeted Case-Finding Approaches
Authors: Ma Jinhui , Siminoski Kerry , Wang Peiyao , Jaremko Jacob L , Koujok Khaldoun , Matzinger Mary Ann , Shenouda Nazih , Lentle Brian , Alos Nathalie , Cummings Elizabeth A , Ho Josephine , Houghton Kristin , Miettunen Paivi M , Scuccimarri Rosie , Rauch Frank , Ward Leanne M ,   the Canadian STOPP Consortium
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
Vertebral fractures are clinically important sequelae of a wide array of pediatric diseases. In this study, we examined the accuracy of case-finding strategies for detecting incident vertebral fractures (IVF) over 2 years in glucocorticoid-treated children (n = 343) with leukemia, rheumatic disorders, or nephrotic syndrome. Two clinical situations were addressed: the prevalent vertebral fracture (PVF) scenario (when baseline PVF status was known), which assessed the utility of PVF and low lumbar spine bone mineral density (LS BMD; Z-score &lt;−1.4), and the non-PVF scenario (when PVF status was unknown), which evaluated low LS BMD and back pain. LS BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, vertebral fractures were quantified on spine radiographs using the modified Genant semiquantitative method, and back pain was assessed by patient report. Forty-four patients (12.8%) had IVF. In the PVF scenario, both low LS BMD and PVF were significant predictors of IVF. Using PVF to determine which patients should have radiographs, 11% would undergo radiography (95% confidence interval [CI] 8–15) with 46% of IVF (95% CI 30–61) detected. Sensitivity would be higher with a strategy of PVF or low LS BMD at baseline (73%; 95% CI 57–85) but would require radiographs in 37% of children (95% CI 32–42). In the non-PVF scenario, the strategy of low LS BMD and back pain produced the highest specificity of any non-PVF model at 87% (95% CI 83–91), the greatest overall accuracy at 82% (95% CI 78–86), and the lowest radiography rate at 17% (95% CI 14–22). Low LS BMD or back pain in the non-PVF scenario produced the highest sensitivity at 82% (95% CI 67–92), but required radiographs in 65% (95% CI 60–70). These results provide guidance for targeting spine radiography in children at risk for IVF. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Causal Associations of Anthropometric Measurements With Fracture Risk and Bone Mineral Density: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Ma Baoshan , Li Chongyang , Pan Jianqiao , Zhang Shuzheng , Dong Heng , Wu Yiming , Lv Jun 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
Uncovering additional causal clinical traits and exposure variables is important when studying osteoporosis mechanisms and for the prevention of osteoporosis. Until recently, the causal relationship between anthropometric measurements and osteoporosis had not been fully revealed. In the present study, we utilized several state-of-the-art Mendelian randomization (MR) methods to investigate whether height, body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), hip circumference (HC), and waist circumference (WC) are causally associated with two major characteristics of osteoporosis, bone mineral density (BMD) and fractures. Genomewide significant (p  ≤ 5 × 10−8) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with the five anthropometric variables were obtained from previous large-scale genomewide association studies (GWAS) and were utilized as instrumental variables. Summary-level data of estimated bone mineral density (eBMD) and fractures were obtained from a large-scale UK Biobank GWAS. Of the MR methods utilized, the inverse-variance weighted method was the primary method used for analysis, and the weighted-median, MR-Egger, mode-based estimate, and MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier methods were utilized for sensitivity analyses. The results of the present study indicated that each increase in height equal to a single standard deviation (SD) was associated with a 9.9% increase in risk of fracture (odds ratio [OR] = 1.099; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.067–1.133; p = 8.793 × 10−10) and a 0.080 SD decrease of estimated bone mineral density (95% CI −0.106–(−0.054); p = 2.322 × 10−9). We also found that BMI was causally associated with eBMD (beta = 0.129, 95% CI 0.065–0.194; p = 8.113 × 10−5) but not associated with fracture. The WHR adjusted for BMI, HC adjusted for BMI, and WC adjusted for BMI were not found to be related to fracture occurrence or eBMD. In conclusion, the present study provided genetic evidence for certain causal relationships between anthropometric measurements and bone mineral density or fracture risk. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Integrating non‐targeted metabolomics and toxicology networks to study the mechanism of Esculentoside A‐induced hepatotoxicity in rats
Authors: He Tao , Liu Chuanxin , Li Mengyu , Wang Mingshuang , Liu Ning , Zhang Dan , Han Shuang , Li Wenxian , Chen Shilin , Yuan Ruijuan , Huang Jianmei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEsculentoside A (EsA) is a kind of triterpenoid saponins from the root tuber of Phytolacca acinosa Roxb. It has extensive medicinal activity, such as antibacterial, anti‐inflammatory, immune regulation, and cell proliferation inhibition. However, some researches suggested that EsA can cause hepatotoxicity, whose mechanism is not precise. To ensure the safety and reliability in the clinical use of Phytolacca acinosa Roxb., it is necessary to establish a rapid and accurate method to evaluate the toxicity, analyze and verify the toxicity mechanism of EsA. Therefore, this research explored the mechanism of hepatotoxicity induced by EsA in rats and analyzed endogenous metabolites' changes in rat plasma by combining network toxicology with non‐targeted metabolomics. We obtained 58 critical targets of EsA induced hepatotoxicity in rats based on the strategy of network toxicology, including albumin, mitogen‐activated protein kinase 1, Caspase‐3, etc. Many important pathways were obtained by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis, such as HIF‐1 signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, IL‐17 signaling pathway, and other concerning pathways. Sixteen biomarkers, including 5‐hydroxykynurenamine, N‐acetylserotonin, palmitic acid, etc., were screened from rat plasma using Ultra‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC‐Q‐TOF/MS), mainly involve Glycerophospholipid metabolism, Tryptophan metabolism, and other metabolic pathways. Further analysis showed that EsA may induce liver injury by activating oxidative stress and energy metabolism disorders, triggering inflammation and apoptosis.
Treatment of antibody‐mediated rejection with double‐filtration plasmapheresis, low dose IVIg plus rituximab after kidney transplantation
Authors: Naciri Bennani Hamza , Daligault Mélanie , Noble Johan , Bardy Béatrice , Motte Lionel , Giovannini Diane , Emprou Camille , Fiard Gaëlle , Imerzoukene Farida , Bourdin Anne , Masson Dominique , Janbon Bénédicte , Malvezzi Paolo , Rostaing Lionel , Jouve Thomas 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAntibody‐mediated rejection (ABMR) at early or late post‐transplantation remains challenging. We performed a single‐center single‐arm study where four cases of acute ABMR and nine cases of chronic active ABMR (defined by Banff classification) were treated with double‐filtration plasmapheresis (two cycles of three consecutive daily sessions with a 4‐day gap between). At the end of the third and sixth DFPP sessions, the patients received rituximab 375 mg/m2. After a median follow‐up of 1078 (61‐1676) days, kidney‐allograft survival was 50%. Before DFPP/rituximab therapy, the median donor‐specific alloantibody (DSA) mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) was 9160 (4000‐15 400); 45 days (D45) later it had significantly decreased to 7375 (215‐18 100) (P = .018). In addition, at one‐year (Y1) post‐therapy, MFI had decreased further, that is, 4060 (400‐7850) (P = .001). In two patients, DSA MFIs decreased and remained below 2000. The slope of estimated glomerular‐filtration rate within the 6 months preceding intervention was −1.18 mL/min/month and remained unchanged at −1.29 mL/min/month within the year after intervention. Proteinuria remained unchanged. Baseline Banff scores on repeat allograft biopsies (post‐therapy D45, Y1) did not show any improvement. Side‐effects were mild to moderate. We conclude that the combined DFPP/rituximab significantly decreased DSAs in ABMR kidney‐transplant recipients but did not improve renal function or renal histology at 1‐year follow‐up.
Stress of university students before and after campus closure in response to COVID‐19
Authors: von Keyserlingk Luise , Yamaguchi‐Pedroza Katsumi , Arum Richard , Eccles Jacquelynne S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDue to the COVID‐19 pandemic, universities were forced to adopt a remote learning model, which introduced a number of stressors into college students' everyday life and study habits. The current study investigates if students' study‐related stress increased after the pandemic's onset and how individual and contextual factors moderate this potential stress increase. Longitudinal survey data about students' stress levels and self‐efficacy in self‐regulation were collected before and after the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic at a public university (N = 274). Regression analysis results show an overall increase in study‐related stress levels after the onset of the pandemic. Students with self‐efficacy in self‐regulation reported lower stress increases; students with higher mental health impairment and limited time for coursework reported larger stress increases. To address students' stress levels and strengthen coping resources, universities should consider providing students with resources to improve their self‐regulation and time‐management skills.
The impact of early life stress and immune challenge on behavior and glia cells alteration in late adolescent rats
Authors: Réus Gislaine Z. , Giridharan Vijayasree V. , de Moura Airam B. , Borba Laura A. , Botelho Maria Eduarda M. , Behenck João Paulo , Generoso Jaqueline S. , Selvaraj Sudhakar , Bhatti Gursimrat , Barichello Tatiana , Quevedo João 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMaternal deprivation (MD) is known to be related to long‐term changes that could influence the onset of psychiatric disorders. Studies have demonstrated that early life stress makes the cells in the brain more susceptible to subsequent stressors. To test it, we used an animal model of MD conducted from postnatal day (PND) 1 to 10. Deprived and non‐deprived rats (control) were randomized to receive or not lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at 5 mg/kg on PND 50. The behavior and glial cells activation were evaluated in all groups from 51 to 53 PND. There was an increase in the immobility time in the MD and MD+LPS groups. The spontaneous locomotor activity was not changed between groups. We found elevated ionized calcium‐binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba‐1)‐positive cells levels in the control+LPS and MD+LPS groups. In the MD+LPS group, it was found an increase in Iba‐positive cells compared to the MD+sal group. The glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)‐positive cells were also increased in the MD+LPS, compared to control+sal, control+LPS, and MD+sal groups. Immune challenge by LPS in late adolescence, which was subjected to MD, did not influence the depressive‐like behavior but exerted a pronounced effect in the microglial activation and astrocyte atrophy.
Maternal exposure to high‐fat diet modifies anxiety‐like/depression‐like behaviors and compounds of Serotonergic System in offspring: A preclinical systematic review
Authors: da Silva Luana Olegário , da Silva Aragão Raquel , Duarte Barros Manuella da Luz , Nogueira Ferraz‐Pereira Kelli , Lins Pinheiro Isabeli , Galindo Lígia Cristina Monteiro 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMaternal nutrition affects offspring physiology and behavior including susceptibility to mental health‐related states. Perinatal high‐fat diet (HFD) consumption has been associated with lower levels of serotonin as well as the development of anxiety‐like and depression‐like behaviors in offspring. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the effects of maternal HFD during pregnancy and/or lactation on these behaviors and on some aspects of the serotonergic system. Criteria for eligibility included studies of offspring of rodents and non‐human primates exposed to HFD at least during pregnancy and/or lactation, offspring that showed outcomes related to anxiety‐like and depression‐like behaviors and to the serotonergic system. The searches were realized in the LILACS, Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed databases. The systematic review protocol was registered on the CAMARADES website. The internal validity was assessed by the SYRCLE risk of bias tool. The Kappa index was used for analyzing agreement among the reviewers. In addition, the PRISMA statement was used to report this systematic review. Sixteen articles were included in this review. Most of which studied HFD prior to mating and during pregnancy and lactation. All studies analyzed outcomes related to emotional behavior; three analyzed outcomes related to serotonin system compounds. Maternal consumption of HFD was found to be associated with an inconsistent pattern of the expression of TPH2 as well as reduced the immunoreactivity of 5‐HT in the prefrontal cortex and increased 5‐HT1A receptor expression in the dorsal raphe of offspring. An association between an HFD and alterations in emotional behavior was found in most of the studies selected.
Helping young children understand inherited cancer predisposition syndromes using bibliotherapy
Authors: Schlub Georgina M. , Crook Ashley , Barlow‐Stewart Kristine , Fleming Jane , Kirk Judy , Tucker Kathy , Greening Sian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCommunication with children about hereditary conditions in the family can be difficult for parents. Yet, good communication strategies are leading determinants of adaptation and resilience. With inherited cancer predisposition syndromes that can affect young children such as Li‐Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) and hereditary pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma syndrome (HPPS), genetic testing and subsequent surveillance in at‐risk children is the optimal intervention. Given testing often commences early, providing children and their parents with appropriate genetic counseling and communication strategies is important for informed decision making. To inform such communication strategies, we used a bibliotherapeutic framework, where stories are delivered prescriptively (i.e., ‘bibliotherapy’), to develop a psycho‐educational resource for children aged 5–10 years old at risk of either LFS or HPPS. Illustrated storybooks for children were created based on models of developmental comprehension. To ascertain their experience, parents were invited to read a storybook to their child/ren and participate in semi‐structured qualitative interviews. Transcripts were analyzed thematically using a general inductive approach. The bibliotherapeutic resource reportedly supported parents with communication about these issues without raising emotional distress in either themselves or their children. The key stages of a bibliotherapeutic interaction were facilitated by the use of this resource, and all parents reported that it would have been useful when their children were first tested and/or diagnosed. This study lays the foundation for the application of bibliotherapy as a psycho‐educational intervention in genetic counseling and demonstrates that bibliotherapy may improve the process of communication between parents and children regarding pediatric‐inherited cancer syndromes.
Education in youth‐friendly genetic counseling
Authors: Holland Lucy , Young Mary‐Anne , Lewin Jeremy , Pearce Angela , Thompson Kate 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGenetic counselors have long recognized the challenges of working with adolescents and young adults (AYA) and their families. In 2010, a framework of Youth‐friendly Genetic Counseling was developed by an expert reference group with the aim to improve both care for AYAs and the experience of health professionals delivering that care. Subsequently, an education workshop was developed aimed to upskill genetic health professionals in youth‐friendly genetic counseling. The workshop was piloted with genetic counselors in Australia and New Zealand. A purpose designed, pre‐ and post‐workshop survey and post‐workshop focus group was utilized for evaluation. Mean confidence scores increased pre‐ and post‐workshop. Participants also demonstrated increases in knowledge regarding: adolescent development; developmental theory; social factors impacting on health; the needs of young people; practice challenges; youth‐friendly engagement, communication, consent and confidentiality; practice approaches; principles of adolescent healthcare; ethical issues; and available services and resources. Focus group data revealed several themes relating to practice challenges, learning gains, barriers, and enablers to clinical translation and workshop feedback. Results demonstrate utility of the workshop in up‐skilling genetic health professionals in the provision of youth‐friendly genetic counseling. Consideration of adaptation and sustainability, by embedding this theoretical and skills‐based workshop as a module within genetic counseling education, is required to ensure practice competence and the best health outcomes for young people and their families.