bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbon-isotope signatures of Albian to Cenomanian (Cretaceous) shelf carbonates of the Natih Formation, Sultanate of Oman
Authors: Vahrenkamp Volker C. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
The δ13C values of Albian to Cenomanian shallow-marine carbonate sequences of the Natih Formation have been collected from subsurface cores of a key location in Oman. The 450-m-thick stack of shelf carbonates is without significant gaps in deposition. The δ13C data range between 1‰ and 6‰, more-or-less tracking the evolution over time of δ13C in seawater established elsewhere in time-equivalent pelagic carbonate sequences. Anchored by biostratigraphy the isotope profile suggests several additional time correlations. It thus provides significantly enhanced stratigraphic resolution and a key section for regional correlations. In particular, the onset of Natih deposition (Natih F and G members) coincides with the Albian/Cenomanian boundary event, thus placing the base Natih into the Albian. The Natih C and D members were deposited mainly during the Mid-Cenomanian oceanic anoxic event, while the carbon-isotopes signature of the Natih A Member, which is at this locality incomplete due to erosion, documents the onset of the Cenomanian/Turonian boundary event (OAE2). This indicates a latest Cenomanian, possibly Early Turonian age for the top Natih at this subsurface location and suggests an Early Turonian age for the more complete Natih section exposed in the nearby Oman Mountains sections.
Both organic-rich intervals of the Natih Formation (Natih E4b and B2) do not correlate with global Oceanic Anoxic Events indicating a rather local setting for source-rock deposition. This is further supported by an isotopic anomaly associated with the organic-rich Natih B. The anomaly is likely related to near-seabed diagenesis or a temporary limited water exchange of the intra-shelf basin with the open ocean and the incorporation of recycled carbon from oxidized organic matter into the water column and the inorganic carbon pool. The subsurface carbon-isotope profile correlates well with those from nearby outcrop and other subsurface sections adding further confidence that primary signatures are preserved and can be used for correlations. As in other Early Cretaceous shelf sequences of the Arabian Plate oxygen isotopes are lighter than expected for calcite deposited in equilibrium with Cretaceous seawater indicating most likely whole-scale recrystallization and stabilization during shallow burial at slightly elevated temperatures.
Geochemical characterisation, volumetric assessment and shale-oil/gas potential of the Middle Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous source rocks of NE Arabian Plate
Authors: Aqrawi Adnan A.M. , Badics Balazs 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
The Middle Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous strata of the NE Arabian Plate contain several prolific source rocks providing the charge to some of the largest world-class petroleum systems. They are located within the Zagros Fold Belt and Mesopotamian Foreland Basins covering the northern, central and southeastern parts of Iraq, Kuwait and western and southwestern Iran, particularly the Lurestan and Khuzestan provinces. These source rocks include the Bajocian–Bathonian Sargelu, the Callovian–Lower Kimmeridgian Naokelekan and the Upper Tithonian–Lower Berriasian Chia Gara formations of Iraq and their chronostratigraphic equivalents in Kuwait and Iran. They have charged the main Cretaceous and Cenozoic (Tertiary) reservoirs throughout Iraq, Kuwait and Iran with more than 250 billion barrels of proven recoverable hydrocarbons.
These formations represent the transgressive system tracts of sequences deposited within deep basinal settings and anoxic environments. They are dominated by black shales and bituminous marly limestones, with high total organic carbon (TOC) contents (ranging from 1–18 wt%), and by marine Type IIS kerogen. Their Rock-Eval S2 yields may reach up to 60 mg HC/g Rock, particularly along the depocentre of the Mesopotamian Foreland Basin. The immature hydrogen index (HI) values might have been up to 700 mg HC/g TOC, whereas the present-day observed values vary depending on the location within the basin and the present-day maturity. The Source-Potential Index (SPI; i.e. mass of hydrocarbons in tons, which could be generated from an area of 1 sq m in case of 100% transformation ratio) averages around 2–3, but can even reach up to 14–16 along the basins’ centres.
The Sargelu and the overlying Naokelekan-basinal Najmah formations (and their equivalents) could represent the best potential shale-gas/shale-oil plays in Iraq, Kuwait and Iran, due to their organic richness, favourable maturity and the presence of regional upper and lower seals. The estimated oil-in-place for the potential Sargelu shale-oil play in Iraq only is around 1,300–2,500 billion barrel oil-equivalent (BBOE) and in Kuwait is about 7–150 BBOE.
Arabian Orbital Stratigraphy revisited – AROS 2015
Authors: Al-Husseini Moujahed I. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT‘Arabian Orbital Stratigraphy’ (AROS) is an R&D program aimed at dating Arabia’s transgressive-regressive (T-R) depositional sequences using the ‘Orbital Scale’ of Matthews and Al-Husseini (2010). The scale consists of time-rock units named ‘orbitons’, ‘dozons’ and ‘stratons’ that are tuned by orbital-forcing of glacio-eustasy. Orbitons have durations of 14.58 million years (Myr), and are bounded by regional sequence boundaries (SB, hiatus, unconformity, disconformity, lowstand deposits). Orbiton 1 was deposited between SB 1 at 16.166 million years before present (Ma) and SB 0 (zero) at 1.586 Ma. The interval between SB 0 and the Precambrian/Cambrian Boundary (PCB) consists of 37 orbitons; at least 30 can be identified in Arabia based on published data. SB 37 is predicted at 541.046 Ma (1.586 + 37 × 14.58 Myr), and correlates to the PCB, calibrated in Oman at 541.0 Ma.An orbiton consists of 36 stratons. Stratons are T-R sequences that tracked the long-eccentricity orbital cycle (E-cycle). The age of base Straton 1 is 0.371 Ma. Their durations can range between about 300 thousand years (Kyr) and 550 Kyr, but average 405 Kyr over several million years. The Phanerozoic Era consists of 1,336 stratons that are typically referred to as 4th-order sequences or cycle sets. Approximately 200 stratons are identified in this paper, and tentatively dated in the Orbital Scale. An orbiton also consists of three dozons, which are generally bounded by regional SBs. Dozons typically consist of 12 stratons (4.86 Myr). Examples of dozons are illustrated in this paper for the Permian–Triassic in Arabia.AROS predicts ages for Arabian and global T-R sequences that are deterministic, and they may be more accurate than those estimated by the Geological Time Scale GTS 2015. The paper proposes that the global T-R sequences should be recast in terms of stratons (E-cycles), and that stratons be used to calibrate biostratigraphy, magneto-stratigraphy and other global stratigraphic markers in future GTSs.
The Ludicovian of the Raahe–Ladoga Zone of the Fennoscandian Shield (Isotope-Geochemical Composition and Geodynamic Nature)
Authors: Vrevskii A.B. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
—In the northern Ladoga area, the age of the Sortavala Group rocks in the southeast of the Raahe–Ladoga zone of junction of the epi-Archean Fenno-Karelian Craton and the Paleoproterozoic Svecofennian province, their relationship with dome granitoids, the age of the provenances, and the time of metamorphic processes were estimated. The study was focused on the Nd isotope composition of rocks, the geochemical and isotope-geochronological parameters of zircon from the granite-gneisses of the Kirjavalakhti dome, the basal graywackes of the lower unit and the trachytes of the middle unit of the Sortavala Group, and the plagio- and diorite-porphyry dikes cutting the volcanosedimentary units of this group. The new isotope-geochemical data show a Neoarchean age of the granitoids of the Kirjavalakhti dome (2695 ± 13 Ma) and their juvenile nature (εNd(T) = +1.5). The granitoids underwent tectonometamorphic transformations (rheomorphism) in the Paleoproterozoic (Sumian) (2.50–2.45 Ga), which are recorded in the U–Th–Pb isotope system of the rims of the ancient cores of zircon crystals. The volcanosedimentary complex of the Sortavala Group formed on the heterogeneous polychronous (3.10–2.46 Ga) continental crust of the epi-Archean Fenno-Karelian Craton. With regard to the errors in determination of the age of clastic zircon, the minimum concordant U–Th–Pb ages of 1940–1990 Ma of detrital zircon from volcanomictic graywackes of the Pitkyaranta Formation can be taken as the upper age bound of terrigenous rocks, which agrees with the maximum age of the Sortavala Group rocks estimated from the U–Th–Pb (SIMS) age of 1922 ± 11 Ma of the Tervaoya diorites (Matrenichev et al., 2006). According to the proposed new tectonic model, the accumulation of the volcanosedimentary complex of the Sortavala Group, its metamorphism, erosion, and overlapping by the Ladoga Group turbidites had already occurred in the pericratonic part of the epi-Archean Fenno-Karelian Craton by the time of the Svecofennian continent–island arc collision, subduction, and formation of bimodal volcanoplutonic complexes of the young Pyhäsalmi island arcs and felsic volcanics of the Savo schist belt (1920–1890 Ma).
Guest Editorial: Spacing Ourselves to Death
Authors: Hayes Justin 
Published: October 2021

If you talk to a typical subsurface professional working on unconventionals today (e.g., a reservoir engineer, completion engineer, geologist, petrophysicist, etc.) as I have in person and through media such as LinkedIn, you will find that many lament one key thing: Our sophisticated models have been reduced too much. Of course, I am generalizing and those are not the words they use; the lamentations come in many forms.
The dissatisfaction with oversimplification is most easily observed as dis-taste for the type curve, the simplified model we use to predict upcoming new drills. (Yes, I know many of you will want to refer to them by their “proper” name: type well curve; I will be sticking with the colloquial version.) A simple meme posted on LinkedIn about type curves garnered one of the most engaged conversations I have seen amongst technical staff. The responses varied from something like “Thank God someone finally said this out loud” to comments such as “I don’t know anything better than type curves.”
Most comments were closer to the former than the latter.
What is even more remarkable is that our investors feel the same. In personal conversations, many of them refer to our type curves simply as “lies.” This perception, coupled with the historical lack of corporate returns, led investors away from our industry in droves. Many within the industry see it differently and want to blame the exodus on other factors such as oil and gas prices, climate change, competition from renewables, other environmental, social, and governance (ESG) issues, the pandemic, or OPEC’s unwillingness to “hold the bag” any longer.
If you ask them, though, investors will tell you a simple answer: The unconventional business destroyed way too much capital and lied too much through the type curves.
Why is it that both investors and technical staff are unhappy with our ability to accurately model future performance? Why can’t we deliver returns?
The typical unconventional-focused oil and gas company has two models that are critical to the business. First is the subsurface model, with which we are all intimately familiar in its various forms, and the second is the corporate financial model, which is focused on cash flows, income, and assets/liabilities.
It is unfortunate that the two models are separate. It means we must simplify one or both so they can communicate with each other.
How can you observe this oversimplification while it is happening? It is happening when the finance staff say, “Please just give me a simple type curve and well count; I need to model, optimize, and account for debt/leverage, equity, and cash flows.” Meanwhile, the technical staff say, “Please just give me a CAPEX budget or a well count; I need to model, optimize, and account for well spacing, completion design, land constraints, and operational constraints.”
Looking back, we know that the winner in this tug-of-war of competing needs was the type curve.
Russian LNG Aims High, Leveraging Big Reserves and Logistical Advantages
Authors: Szymczak Pat Davis 
Published: October 2021

Russia’s market influence as an exporter of liquefied natural gas (LNG) is growing, possessing the world’s largest reserves of natural gas and the logistical options to deliver it at competitive prices to Asia and Europe along the now-navigable Northern Sea Route (NSR).
The country became a player in the LNG market when it shipped its first cargo in 2009 to Japan from what was then Russia’s first offshore gas project, Sakhalin-2 in the Far East, operated by Sakhalin Energy Investment Company Ltd. and owned by Russia’s pipe-line gas monopoly Gazprom (50% plus one share), Shell (27.5% minus one share), and Japan’s Mitsui (12.5%) and Mitsubishi (10%).
Sakhalin Energy operates three oil and gas platforms producing its current resource base from the Piltun-Astokhskoye oil field and the Lunskoye gas field off the northeastern coast of Sakhalin.
To date, Sakhalin Energy has sold all the LNG produced at its 11.49-mtpa-capacity Prigorodnoye LNG production complex on the southern tip of Sakhalin Island, under long-term contracts to buyers in the Asia Pacific and North America, according to Shell’s website.
In 2024–2026, the partners say they will add a third train to expand capacity by 5.4 mtpa, though they have repeatedly delayed this expansion for years due to a lack of investment capital to develop a new resource base and low gas prices in Asia. The same holds true for Gazprom’s plan for an LNG plant near Vladivostok.
However, the market has now changed with rising demand for gas to replace coal, giving gas producers an incentive to invest into new E&P gas projects and mid-to-downstream megaprojects like those for producing LNG. https://jpt.spe.org/compared-to-last-year-gas-prices-are-looking-good
In 2018 and again this past January, European spot gas prices spiked on Gasunie’s leading TTF (title transfer facility) virtual trading platform and other European trading hubs when Asian gas markets began offering high premiums to divert LNG cargos from Europe, according to the EU Commission’s latest European Gas Market report.

The Rise of a Russian IOC—Novatek in Yamal
Russia’s largest independent natural gas producer Novatek was Russia’s second entrant into the LNG market when its Yamal LNG project rose above the permafrost atop an estimated 65,000 piles on the Yamal Peninsula, home to Russia’s largest gas deposits and the source of Russian pipeline gas sold into Europe.
Yamal LNG shipped its first cargo (170000 m3) in December 2017.
It then upped the ante with exports from a second train in August 2018, and added a third train in November 2018, according to Novatek’s website. Situated on the South Tambeyskoye field on the coast of Ob Bay, the plant boasts a capacity of 17.4 mtpa.
Trajectories of Systolic Blood Pressure Decline in Kidney Donors After Circulatory Death and Delayed Graft Function
Authors: Lin Yingxin , Teixeira-Pinto Armando , Craig Jonathan , Opdam Helen , Chapman Jeremy C , Pleass Henry , Carter Angus , Rogers Natasha , Davies Chris , McDonald Stephen , Yang Jean , Lim Wai , Wong Germaine 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Kidneys donated after circulatory death (DCD) suffer a period of functional warm ischemia before death. This study aimed to assess the risk of delayed graft function (DGF) using patterns of trajectories of systolic blood pressure (BP) decline in DCD kidneys. Methods: We studied all Australian DCD kidneys transplanted between 2014 - 2019, divided in a derivation (n=462, April 2014-January 2018) and validation (n=324, January 2018-December 2019) cohort, using latent class models and two-stage linear mixed-effect models. Results: Eight different trajectories, with distinct patterns of systolic BP decline, were identified. Compared to recipients of donors with the fastest decline in systolic BP after withdrawal of cardio-respiratory support, the adjusted odds ratios (OR) (95%CI) for DGF in recipients who had received donors with the slowest systolic BP decline were 0.36 (0.16 – 0.80, random forest model) and 0.38 (0.17 – 0.86, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator models, LASSO), respectively. For every 1 mmHg per minute reduction in the rate of decline of systolic BP, the adjusted OR (95%CI) for DGF were 0.95 (0.91-0.99). Similar comparison was conducted in the validation cohort. Recipients who received donors with the slowest systolic BP decline from withdrawal of cardio-respiratory support till death did not experience an increased risk of DGF (Adjusted OR (95%): random forest: 1.01 (0.42-4.2) and LASSO: 1.17 (0.5-2.74)). Conclusions: In DCD kidney donors, a slow decline in systolic BP during the agonal phase was not associated with adverse short-term outcomes after transplantation.
An atomistic view on liquid phase adsorption
Authors: Kraus Hamzeh , Hansen Niels 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The effect of immobilized β-cyclodextrin (bCD) molecules inside a mesoporous silica support on the uptake of benzene and p-nitrophenol from aqueous solution was investigated using all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The calculated adsorption isotherms are discussed with respect to the free energies of binding for a 1:1 complex of bCD and the aromatic guest molecule. The adsorption capacity of the bCDcontaining material significantly exceeds the amount corresponding to a 1:1 binding scenario, in agreement with experimental observations for benzene adsorption. The demonstrated feasibility of classical all-atom MD simulations to calculate liquid phase adsorption isotherms paves the way to a molecular interpretation of experimental data that are too complex to be described by empirical models.
The Influence of Maternal Unhealthy Diet On Maturation of Offspring Gut Microbiota in Rat
Authors: Hasebe Kyoko , Kendig Michael D , Kaakoush Nadeem O , Tajaddini Aynaz , Westbrook R Frederick , Morris Margaret J 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Despite well-known effects of diet on gut microbiota diversity, relatively little is known about how maternal diet quality shapes the longitudinal maturation of gut microbiota in offspring. To investigate, we fed female rats standard chow (Chow) or a western-style, high-choice cafeteria diet (Caf) prior to and during mating, gestation and lactation. At weaning (3 weeks), male and female offspring were either maintained on their mother’s diet (ChowChow, CafCaf groups) or switched to the other diet (ChowCaf, CafChow). Fecal microbial composition was assessed in dams and longitudinally in offspring at 3, 7 and 14 weeks of age.Results: The effect of maternal diet on maturation of offspring gut microbiota was assessed by α- and β-diversities, Deseq2/LEfSe, and SourceTracker analyses. Weanling gut microbiota composition was characterised by reduced α- and β-diversity profiles that clustered away from dams and older siblings. After weaning, offspring gut microbiota came to resemble an adult-like gut microbiota, with increased α-diversity and reduced dissimilarity of β-diversity. Similarly, Deseq2/LEfSe analyses found fewer numbers of altered operational taxonomic units (OTUs) between groups from weaning to adulthood. SourceTracker analyses indicated a greater overall contribution of Caf mothers’ microbial community (up to 20%) to that of their offspring than the contribution of Chow mothers (up to 8%). Groups maintained on the maternal diet (ChowChow, CafCaf), versus those switched to the other diet (ChowCaf, CafChow) post-weaning significantly differed from each other at 14 weeks (Permutational Multivariate Analysis of Variance), indicating interactive effects of maternal and post-weaning diet on offspring gut microbiota maturation. Nevertheless, this developmental trajectory was unaffected by sex and appeared consistent between ChowChow, CafCaf, ChowCaf and CafChow groups. Conclusions: Introducing solid food at weaning triggered the maturation of offspring gut microbiota to an adult-like profile in rats, in line with previous human studies. Postweaning Caf diet exposure had the largest impact on offspring gut microbiome, but this was modulated by maternal diet history. An unhealthy maternal Caf diet did not alter the developmental trajectory of offspring gut microbiota towards an adult-like profile, insofar as it did not prevent the age-associated increase in α-diversity and reduction in β-diversity dissimilarity.
Metal telluride-nitride electrocatalysts for sustainably overall seawater electrolysis
Authors: Li Ruopeng , Li Yaqiang , Yang Peixia , Ren Penghui , Wang Dan , Lu Xiangyu , Xu Ruoyu , Li Yaohua , Xue Junmin , Zhang Jinqiu , An Maozhong , Ma Jingyuan , Wang Bo , Liu Hua , Dou Shi Xue 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
High-efficiency alkaline seawater electrolysis is a promising strategy to promote the sustainability of wide-ranging hydrogen (H2) production, and the global goal of carbon neutrality. Searching for an ideal candidate with low cost and high electrocatalytic performance for both the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a major objective. Herein, we report delicate, heterostuctured NiTe-NiCoN and NiTe-NiFeN electrocatalysts constructed of nickel cobalt nitride and nickel iron nitride nanosheets uniformly anchored on NiTe nanorod arrays, respectively, which ensure outstanding HER and OER activity along with ultra-long-term stability. Impressively, the NiTe-NiCoN || NiTe-NiFeN couples in alkaline seawater solution delivered 500 mA cm−2 at a record low voltage of 1.84 V, and realized an industry-level performance via a solar-powered system and a wind-power system. Further comprehensive analysis has revealed that interface engineering strategy not only ensures that the surficial nitride exposes abundant active sites, but also induces electron modulation that optimizes the binding strength of absorption/desorption for the reaction intermediates to enhanced the the intrinsic activity, as well as facilitate faster electron-mass transfer. Notably, a high electric field intensity generated by the unique nanosheet-nanorod structure induces a local “hydroxide enrichment” environment that effectively promotes the OER kinetics, while inhibits the side effects of chlorine. This work shed lights on these novel heterostructured electrocatalysts with strong synergy, while demonstrating the key role of the unique nanostructures in high-efficiency seawater electrolysis.