bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gold nanoparticles decorated biguanidine modified mesoporous silica KIT-5 as recoverable heterogeneous catalyst for the reductive degradation of environmental contaminants
Authors: Veisi Hojat , Abassi Parasto , Mohammadi Pourya , Tamoradi Taiebeh , Karmakar Bikash 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis current study involves the novel synthesis of Au nanoparticles (Au NPs) decorated biguanidine modified mesoporous silica KIT-5 following post-functionalization approach. The tiny Au NPs were being stabilized over the in situ prepared biguanidine ligand. The high surface area material was characterized using analytical techniques like Fourier Transformed infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, N2-adsorption–desorption isotherm, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray Diffraction study (XRD). Our material was found to be an efficient catalyst in the reductive degradation of harmful water contaminating organic dyes like Methylene blue (MB), Methyl Orange (MO) and Rhodamin B (RhB) in presence of NaBH4 at room temperature. The whole procedure was followed up with the help of time dependant UV–Vis spectroscopy. All the reactions followed pseudo-unimolecular kinetics and corresponding rate constant were determined. The reduction rate becomes high in presence of higher load of catalysts.
The simultaneous role of porphyrins’ H- and J- aggregates and host–guest chemistry on the fabrication of reversible Dextran-PMMA polymersome
Authors: Safar Sajadi Seyed Milad , Khoee Sepideh 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAggregation-induced quenching of porphyrin molecules as photosensitizer significantly reduces the quantum yield of the singlet oxygen generation, and it is able to decrease the efficacy of photodynamic therapy. We utilized amphiphilic copolymers in this work to precisely control porphyrin H-type and J-type aggregations in water. The amphiphilic copolymer bearing azobenzene, β-cyclodextrin, and porphyrin was successfully synthesized by the atom transfer radical polymerization technique. The azobenzene and β-cyclodextrin complex, as a host–guest supramolecular interaction, has great potential in the design of light-responsive nanocarriers. The amphiphilic block copolymer can be self-assembled into polymersomes, whose application in the generation of singlet oxygen has been also tested. We further demonstrate that, due to the stable H- and J-aggregates of porphyrin, which act as noncovalent cross-linking points, the structure of polymersomes can be reversible under light-stimulus. This formation method has the advantage of allowing for both the encapsulation of hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules and release upon external light without any distinguishable changes in the structure. Furthermore, the morphology and particle size distribution of the polymersomes were also investigated by using transition electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and field emission scanning electron microscopy.
Effect of metabolic genetic variants on long-term disease comorbidity in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Abedian Shifteh , Abbasi Ali , de Boer Anthonius , Stricker Bruno H. , Bakker Stephan J. L. , van der Harst Pim , Sedaghat Sanaz , Darvishian Maryam , Ikram M. Arfan , Navis Gerjan , Dehghan Abbas , Pen Ido , Stolk Ronald P. , Snieder Harold , Klungel Olaf H. , Souverein Patrick , Alizadeh Behrooz Z. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractUnderlying genetic determinants contribute to developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) future diseases. The present study aimed to identify which genetic variants are associated with the incident of the major T2D co-morbid disease. First, we conducted a discovery study by investigating the genetic associations of comorbid diseases within the framework of the Utrecht Cardiovascular Pharmacogenetic studies by turning information of > 25 years follow-up data of 1237 subjects whom were genotyped and included in the discovery study. We performed Cox proportional-hazards regression to examine associations between genetic variants and comorbid diseases including cardiovascular diseases (CVD), chronic eye disease, cancer, neurologic diseases and chronic kidney disease. Secondly, we replicated our findings in two independent cohorts consisting of 1041 subjects. Finally, we performed a meta-analysis by combining the discovery and two replication cohorts. We ascertained 390 (39.7%) incident cases of CVD, 182 (16.2%) of chronic eye disease, 155 (13.8%) of cancer, 31 (2.7%) of neurologic disease and 13 (1.1%) of chronic kidney disease during a median follow-up of 10.2 years. In the discovery study, we identified a total of 39 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with comorbid diseases. The replication study, confirmed that rs1870849 and rs8051326 may play a role in the incidence of chronic eye disease in T2D patients. Half of patients developed at least one comorbid disease, with CVD occurring most often and earliest followed by chronic eye disease. Further research is needed to confirm the associations of two associated SNPs with chronic eye disease in T2D.
Atmospheric wave energy of the 2020 August 4 explosion in Beirut, Lebanon, from ionospheric disturbances
Authors: Kundu Bhaskar , Senapati Batakrushna , Matsushita Ai , Heki Kosuke 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAtmospheric waves excited by strong surface explosions, both natural and anthropogenic, often disturb upper atmosphere. In this letter, we report an N-shaped pulse with period ~ 1.3 min propagating southward at ~ 0.8 km/s, observed as changes in ionospheric total electron content using continuous GNSS stations in Israel and Palestine, ~ 10 min after the August 4, 2020 chemical explosion in Beirut, Lebanon. The peak-to-peak amplitude of the disturbance reached ~ 2% of the background electrons, comparable to recently recorded volcanic explosions in the Japanese Islands. We also succeeded in reproducing the observed disturbances assuming acoustic waves propagating upward and their interaction with geomagnetic fields.
Effects of very low volume high intensity versus moderate intensity interval training in obese metabolic syndrome patients: a randomized controlled study
Authors: Reljic Dejan , Frenk Fabienne , Herrmann Hans J. , Neurath Markus F. , Zopf Yurdagül 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPhysical activity is a cornerstone in the treatment of obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Given the leading physical activity barrier of time commitment and safety concerns about vigorous exercise in high-risk groups, this study aimed to investigate the effects of two extremely time-efficient training protocols (< 30 min time effort per week), either performed as high- (HIIT) or moderate-intensity interval training (MIIT) over 12 weeks, in obese MetS patients. In total, 117 patients (49.8 ± 13.6 years, BMI: 38.2 ± 6.2 kg/m2) were randomized to HIIT (n = 40), MIIT (n = 37) or an inactive control group (n = 40). All groups received nutritional counseling to support weight loss. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), MetS severity (MetS z-score), body composition and quality of life (QoL) were assessed pre-and post-intervention. All groups significantly reduced body weight (~ 3%) but only the exercise groups improved VO2max, MetS z-score and QoL. VO2max (HIIT: + 3.1 mL/kg/min, p < 0.001; MIIT: + 1.2 mL/kg/min, p < 0.05) and MetS z-score (HIIT: − 1.8 units, p < 0.001; MIIT: − 1.2 units, p < 0.01) improved in an exercise intensity-dependent manner. In conclusion, extremely low-volume interval training, even when done at moderate intensity, is sufficiently effective to improve cardiometabolic health in obese MetS patients. These findings underpin the crucial role of exercise in the treatment of obesity and MetS.
Predictive impact of C-reactive protein to albumin ratio for recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma receiving nivolumab
Authors: Tanoue Kenro , Tamura Shingo , Kusaba Hitoshi , Shinohara Yudai , Ito Mamoru , Tsuchihashi Kenji , Shirakawa Tsuyoshi , Otsuka Taiga , Ohmura Hirofumi , Isobe Taichi , Ariyama Hiroshi , Koreishi Sakuya , Matsushita Yuzo , Shimokawa Hozumi , Tanaka Risa , Mitsugi Kenji , Akashi Koichi , Baba Eishi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAlthough the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was reported to be a predictive biomarker for clinical outcomes in various types of cancer, including recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancer (R/M HNSCC) treated with nivolumab, the usefulness of the pretreatment C-reactive protein/albumin ratio (CAR) as a prognostic marker remains to be clarified. This study aimed to analyze the clinical usability of the CAR in comparison with that of the NLR. 46 R/M HNSCC patients treated with nivolumab were retrospectively analyzed. The optimal cutoff value for the CAR was calculated using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The optimal cutoff value for the CAR was set to 0.30. On multivariate analyses, a high CAR was significantly associated with poor overall survival (adjusted HR, 2.19; 95% CI, 1.42–3.47; p < 0.01) and progression-free survival (adjusted HR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.38–2.80; p < 0.01). The overall response rate and disease control rate for the high CAR patients were lower than for the low CAR patients. The CAR had significantly higher area under the curve values than the NLR at 2 and 4 months. The pretreatment CAR might be an independent marker for prognosis and efficacy in R/M HNSCC patients treated with nivolumab.
Bacterial associations in the healthy human gut microbiome across populations
Authors: Loftus Mark , Hassouneh Sayf Al-Deen , Yooseph Shibu 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn a microbial community, associations between constituent members play an important role in determining the overall structure and function of the community. The human gut microbiome is believed to play an integral role in host health and disease. To understand the nature of bacterial associations at the species level in healthy human gut microbiomes, we analyzed previously published collections of whole-genome shotgun sequence data, totaling over 1.6 Tbp, generated from 606 fecal samples obtained from four different healthy human populations. Using a Random Forest Classifier, we identified 202 signature bacterial species that were prevalent in these populations and whose relative abundances could be used to accurately distinguish between the populations. Bacterial association networks were constructed with these signature species using an approach based on the graphical lasso. Network analysis revealed conserved bacterial associations across populations and a dominance of positive associations over negative associations, with this dominance being driven by associations between species that are closely related either taxonomically or functionally. Bacterial species that form network modules, and species that constitute hubs and bottlenecks, were also identified. Functional analysis using protein families suggests that much of the taxonomic variation across human populations does not foment substantial functional or structural differences.
A new health prediction model for a sensor network based on belief rule base with attribute reliability
Authors: Li Shaohua , Feng Jingying , He Wei , Qi Ruihua , Guo He 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHealth prediction plays an essential role in improving the reliability of a sensor network by guiding the network maintenance. However, affected by interference factors in the real operational environment, the reliability of the monitoring information about the sensor network tends to decline, which affects the health prediction accuracy. Furthermore, the lack of monitoring information and high complexity of the network increase the difficulty of health prediction. To solve these three problems, this paper proposes a new sensor network health prediction model based on the belief rule base model with attribute reliability (BRB-r). The BRB-r model is an expert system that fully considers the qualitative knowledge and quantitative data of the sensor network. In addition, it can address the fuzziness and nondeterminacy of this qualitative knowledge. In the new model, the unreliable monitoring information of the sensor network is handled by the attribute reliability mechanism. The reliability of the sensor is calculated by the average distance method. Due to the effect of the fuzziness and nondeterminacy of expert knowledge, the health status of the sensor network cannot be accurately estimated by the initial health prediction model. Consequently, the optimization model for the health prediction model is established. Finally, a case study regarding a sensor network for oil storage tanks is conducted, and the validity of this method is demonstrated.
The Angelina Jolie effect: Contralateral risk-reducing mastectomy trends in patients at increased risk of breast cancer
Authors: Basu Narendra Nath , Hodson James , Chatterjee Shaunak , Gandhi Ashu , Wisely Julie , Harvey James , Highton Lyndsey , Murphy John , Barnes Nicola , Johnson Richard , Barr Lester , Kirwan Cliona C. , Howell Sacha , Baildam Andrew D. , Howell Anthony , Evans D. Gareth 
Published: February 2021

AbstractContralateral risk-reducing mastectomy (CRRM) rates have tripled over the last 2 decades. Reasons for this are multi-factorial, with those harbouring a pathogenic variant in theBRCA1/2gene having the greatest survival benefit. On May 14th, 2013, Angelina Jolie shared the news of her bilateral risk-reducing mastectomy (BRRM), on the basis of herBRCA1pathogenic variant status. We evaluated the impact of this news on rates of CRRM in women with increased risk for developing breast cancer after being diagnosed with unilateral breast cancer. The prospective cohort study included all women with at least a moderate lifetime risk of developing breast cancer who attended our family history clinic (1987–2019) and were subsequently diagnosed with unilateral breast cancer. Rates of CRRM were then compared between patients diagnosed with breast cancer before and after Angelina Jolie’s announcement (pre- vs. post-AJ). Of 386 breast cancer patients, with a mean age at diagnosis of 48 ± 8 years, 268 (69.4%) were diagnosed in the pre-AJ period, and 118 (30.6%) in the post-AJ period. Of these, 123 (31.9%) underwent CRRM, a median 42 (interquartile range: 11–54) days after the index cancer surgery. Rates of CRRM doubled following AJ’s news, from 23.9% pre-AJ to 50.0% post AJ (p < 0.001). Rates of CRRM were found to decrease with increasing age at breast cancer (p < 0.001) and tumour TNM stage (p = 0.040), and to increase with the estimated lifetime risk of breast cancer (p < 0.001) and tumour grade (p = 0.015) on univariable analysis. After adjusting for these factors, the step-change increase in CRRM rates post-AJ remained significant (odds ratio: 9.61,p < 0.001). The AJ effect appears to have been associated with higher rates of CRRM amongst breast cancer patients with increased cancer risk. CRRM rates were highest amongst younger women and those with the highest lifetime risk profile. Clinicians need to be aware of how media news can impact on the delivery of cancer related services. Communicating objective assessment of risk is important when counselling women on the merits of risk-reducing surgery.
A novel electrochemical lung cancer biomarker cytokeratin 19 fragment antigen 21-1 immunosensor based on Si3N4/MoS2 incorporated MWCNTs and core–shell type magnetic nanoparticles
Authors: Yola Mehmet Lütfi , Atar Necip , Özcan Nermin 
Published: February 2021

Lung cancer is one of deadliest and most life threatening cancer types.
Theoretical studies of carbon isotopic fractionation in reactions of C with C2: dynamics, kinetics, and isotopologue equilibria
Authors: Rocha C. M. R. , Linnartz H. 
Published: February 2021

Context. Our current understanding of interstellar carbon fractionation hinges on the interpretation of astrochemical kinetic models. Yet, the various reactions included carry large uncertainties in their (estimated) rate coefficients, notably those involving C with C2.
Aims. We aim to supply theoretical thermal rate coefficients as a function of the temperature for the gas-phase isotope-exchange reactions 13C+12C2(X1Σg+,a3Πu)⇌13C12C(X1Σg+,a3Πu)+12C and 13C+13C12C(X1Σg+,a3Πu)⇌13C2(X1Σg+,a3Πu)+12C.
Methods. By relying on the large masses of the atoms involved, we employ a variation of the quasi-classical trajectory method, with the previously obtained (mass-independent) potential energy surfaces of C3 dictating the forces between the colliding partners.
Results. The calculated rate coefficients within the range of 25 ≤ T∕K ≤ 500 show a positive temperature dependence and are markedly different from previous theoretical estimates. While the forward reactions are fast and inherently exothermic owing to the lower zero-point energy content of the products, the reverse processes have temperature thresholds. For each reaction considered, analytic three-parameter Arrhenius-Kooij formulas are provided that readily interpolate and extrapolate the associated forward and backward rates. These forms can further be introduced in astrochemical networks. Apart from the proper kinetic attributes, we also provide equilibrium constants for these processes, confirming their prominence in the overall C fractionation chemistry. In this respect, the 13C+12C2(X1Σg+) and 13C+12C2(a3Πu) reactions are found to be particularly conspicuous, notably at the typical temperatures of dense molecular clouds. For these reactions and considering both equilibrium and time-dependent chemistry, theoretical 12C/13C ratios as a function of the gas kinetic temperature are also derived and shown to be consistent with available model chemistry and observational data on C2.
Brandbekämpfung an Bord – physische Anforderungen auf verschiedenen Schiffstypen
Authors: Heblich Frank , Kähler Wataru 
Published: February 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDiese Pilotstudie zeigt ein kleines Spektrum möglicher Belastungen im Rahmen der Brandbekämpfung an Bord von Schiffen. Die Beanspruchungen der Probanden decken sich mit denen von Probanden, die auf Atemschutzübungsstrecken an Land untersucht worden sind. Daraus könnte man schlussfolgern, dass bei einer Eignungsuntersuchung auch vergleichbare Untersuchungsinhalte sinnvoll wären. Vorher müssten in weitergehenden Untersuchungen aber die Validität sowohl der Seediensttauglichkeitsuntersuchung als auch der Eignungsuntersuchung der Feuerwehrleute gemäß berufsgenossenschaftlichem Grundsatz durch ausreichende Evidenz nachgewiesen werden.
Mortality of Spanish Former Elite Soccer Players and Coaches
Authors: Diz José Carlos , Sueiro Santiago Iglesias , Ferreira Eva Diz , Sanchez-Lastra Miguel Adriano , Ayán Carlos 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe analyzed whether male Spanish elite soccer players live longer than the general population. Secondly, we compared their mortality with a cohort of soccer players who continued working as soccer elite coaches after retirement. Using age and calendar-date adjusted life tables, we analyzed the mortality hazard ratio of 1333 Spanish male players born before 1950, and who played in elite leagues from 1939, compared with the Spanish population. Using Cox proportional hazards model we compared their mortality with a cohort of 413 players who continued as coaches. Players showed significantly lower mortality than the general population, but this advantage decreased with advanced age, disappearing after 80 years. Coaches showed a similar pattern. Comparing players versus coaches, date of birth and years as professional were associated with survival, but debut age and player position were not. Unadjusted median survival time was 79.81 years (IQR 72.37–85.19) for players and 81.8 years (IQR 74.55–86.73) for coaches. Kaplan-Meier estimator adjusted for covariables showed no difference between cohorts (p=0.254). In conclusion, former Spanish male players showed lower mortality than the general population, but this effect disappeared after 80 years of age. Continuing their career as coaches after retirement from playing did not confer major benefits.
Kultursensibel kommunizieren in der Medizin
Authors: Golsabahi-Broclawski Solmaz 
Published: February 2021

SummaryWas im Urlaub reizvoll erscheint, kann in der Sprechstundeim günstigsten Fall zu Verständnisproblemen,aber auch zu Abwehr bis hin zu einer aggressiven Grundhaltungund ausbleibenden Behandlungserfolgen führen.Sprachliche und kulturelle Unterschiede, verschiedeneSichtweisen auf Gesundheit und Krankheit undpersönliche Erfahrungen mit den jeweiligen Gesundheitssystemennehmen Einfluss auf die Interaktion zwischenPatient und Therapeut.Die Autorin stellt die Ansätze der transkulturellen Kommunikationvor, die helfen kann, über Gemeinsamkeiteneine Brücke zwischen den Kulturen zu bauen.
Prävention viraler Infekte – Das empfehlen die Praktikerinnen und Praktiker
Authors: Fischer Sabine , Bocksch Manfred , Gündling Peter W. , Klützke Nina , Woestmann Ulrich , Jeitler Michael , Seifert Georg , Kessler Christian S. 
Published: February 2021

SummaryDie zkm hat Ärztinnen und Ärzte gefragt, was sie in der derzeitigen Situation ihren PatientInnenzur Prävention viraler Infekte empfehlen.
Using a Portable Near-infrared Spectroscopy Device to Estimate The Second Ventilatory Threshold
Authors: Rodrigo-Carranza Víctor , González-Mohíno Fernando , Turner Anthony P. , Rodriguez-Barbero Sergio , González-Ravé José María 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA breakpoint in a portable near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) derived deoxygenated haemoglobin (deoxy[Hb]) signal during an incremental VO2max running test has been associated with the second ventilatory threshold (VT2) in healthy participants. Thus, the aim was to examine the association between this breakpoint (NIRS) and VT2 in well-trained runners. Gas exchange and NIRS data were collected during an incremental VO2max running test for 10 well-trained runners. The breakpoint calculated in oxygen saturation (StO2) and the VT2 were determined and compared in terms relative to %VO2max, absolute speed, VO2, and maximum heart rate (HRmax). There were no significant differences (p>0.05) between the breakpoint in StO2 and VT2 relative to %VO2max (87.00±6.14 and 88.28 ± 3.98 %), absolute speed (15.70±1.42 and 16.10±1.66 km·h−1), VO2 (53.71±15.17 and 54.66±15.57 ml·kg−1·min−1), and%HRmax (90.90±4.17 and 91.84±3.70%). There were large and significant correlations between instruments relative to%VO2max (r=0.68, p<0.05), absolute speed (r=0.86, p<0.001), VO2 (r=0.86, p<0.001), and %HRmax (r=0.69; p<0.05). A Bland and Altman analysis of agreement between instruments resulted in a mean difference of − 1.27±4.49%, −0.40±0.84 km·h−1,−0.90±3.07 ml·kg−1·min−1, and − 0.94±3.14 for %VO2max, absolute speed, VO2, and %HRmax, respectively. We conclude that a portable NIRS determination of the StO2 breakpoint is comparable with VT2 using gas exchange and therefore appropriate for use in determining exercise training above VT2 intensity. This is the first study to analyze the validity with the running mode using a NIRS portable device.
Synthetic Strategies to Access Heteroatomic Spirocentres Embedded in Natural Products
Authors: Badart Michael P. , Hawkins Bill C. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe spirocyclic motif is abundant in natural products and provides an ideal three-dimensional template to interact with biological targets. With significant attention historically expended on the synthesis of flat-heterocyclic compound libraries, methods to access the less-explored three-dimensional medicinal-chemical space will continue to increase in demand. Herein, we highlight by reaction class the common strategies used to construct the spirocyclic centres embedded in a series of well-studied natural products.1	Introduction2	Cycloadditions3	Palladium-Catalysed Coupling Reactions4	Conjugate Additions5	Imines, Aminals, and Hemiaminal Ethers6	Mannich-Type Reactions7	Oxidative Dearomatisation8	Alkylation9	Organometallic Additions10	Conclusions