bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
International Geomagnetic Reference Field: the thirteenth generation
Authors: Alken P. , Thébault E. , Beggan C. D. , Amit H. , Aubert J. , Baerenzung J. , Bondar T. N. , Brown W. J. , Califf S. , Chambodut A. , Chulliat A. , Cox G. A. , Finlay C. C. , Fournier A. , Gillet N. , Grayver A. , Hammer M. D. , Holschneider M. , Huder L. , Hulot G. , Jager T. , Kloss C. , Korte M. , Kuang W. , Kuvshinov A. , Langlais B. , Léger J.-M. , Lesur V. , Livermore P. W. , Lowes F. J. , Macmillan S. , Magnes W. , Mandea M. , Marsal S. , Matzka J. , Metman M. C. , Minami T. , Morschhauser A. , Mound J. E. , Nair M. , Nakano S. , Olsen N. , Pavón-Carrasco F. J. , Petrov V. G. , Ropp G. , Rother M. , Sabaka T. J. , Sanchez S. , Saturnino D. , Schnepf N. R. , Shen X. , Stolle C. , Tangborn A. , Tøffner-Clausen L. , Toh H. , Torta J. M. , Varner J. , Vervelidou F. , Vigneron P. , Wardinski I. , Wicht J. , Woods A. , Yang Y. , Zeren Z. , Zhou B. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn December 2019, the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA) Division V Working Group (V-MOD) adopted the thirteenth generation of the International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF). This IGRF updates the previous generation with a definitive main field model for epoch 2015.0, a main field model for epoch 2020.0, and a predictive linear secular variation for 2020.0 to 2025.0. This letter provides the equations defining the IGRF, the spherical harmonic coefficients for this thirteenth generation model, maps of magnetic declination, inclination and total field intensity for the epoch 2020.0, and maps of their predicted rate of change for the 2020.0 to 2025.0 time period.
The CSES global geomagnetic field model (CGGM): an IGRF-type global geomagnetic field model based on data from the China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite
Authors: Yang Yanyan , Hulot Gauthier , Vigneron Pierre , Shen Xuhui , Zhima Zeren , Zhou Bin , Magnes Werner , Olsen Nils , Tøffner-Clausen Lars , Huang Jianpin , Zhang Xuemin , Yuan Shigeng , Wang Lanwei , Cheng Bingjun , Pollinger Andreas , Lammegger Roland , Dai Jianpin , Lin Jun , Guo Feng , Yu Jingbo , Wang Jie , Wu Yingyan , Zhao Xudong , Zhu Xinghong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractUsing magnetic field data from the China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES) mission, we derive a global geomagnetic field model, which we call the CSES Global Geomagnetic Field Model (CGGM). This model describes the Earth’s magnetic main field and its linear temporal evolution over the time period between March 2018 and September 2019. As the CSES mission was not originally designed for main field modelling, we carefully assess the ability of the CSES orbits and data to provide relevant data for such a purpose. A number of issues are identified, and an appropriate modelling approach is found to mitigate these. The resulting CGGM model appears to be of high enough quality, and it is next used as a parent model to produce a main field model extrapolated to epoch 2020.0, which was eventually submitted on October 1, 2019 as one of the IGRF-13 2020 candidate models. This CGGM candidate model, the first ever produced by a Chinese-led team, is also the only one relying on a data set completely independent from that used by all other candidate models. A successful validation of this candidate model is performed by comparison with the final (now published) IGRF-13 2020 model and all other candidate models. Comparisons of the secular variation predicted by the CGGM parent model with the final IGRF-13 2020–2025 predictive secular variation also reveal a remarkable agreement. This shows that, despite their current limitations, CSES magnetic data can already be used to produce useful IGRF 2020 and 2020–2025 secular variation candidate models to contribute to the official IGRF-13 2020 and predictive secular variation models for the coming 2020–2025 time period. These very encouraging results show that additional efforts to improve the CSES magnetic data quality could make these data very useful for long-term monitoring of the main field and possibly other magnetic field sources, in complement to the data provided by missions such as the ESA Swarm mission.
Do self-created metacognitive prompts promote short- and long-term effects in computer-based learning environments?
Authors: Engelmann Katharina , Bannert Maria , Melzner Nadine 
Published: February 2021

AbstractStudents must engage in self-regulated learning in computer-based learning environments; however, many students experience difficulties in doing so. Therefore, this study aims to investigate self-created metacognitive prompts as a means of supporting students in their learning process and improving their learning performance. We conducted an experimental study with a between-subject design. The participants learned with self-created metacognitive prompts (n = 28) or without prompts (n = 29) in a hypermedia learning environment for 40 min while thinking aloud. In a second learning session (stability test), all participants learned about a different topic without prompts. The results showed no clear effect of the self-created metacognitive prompts on the learning process and performance. A deeper analysis revealed that students’ prompt utilization had a significant effect on performance in the second learning session. This study contributes to the research investigating how students can be supported in ways that enhance their learning process and performance.
Post-stroke dysphagia: frequency, risk factors, and topographic representation: hospital-based study
Authors: Khedr Eman M. , Abbass Mohamed A. , Soliman Radwa K. , Zaki Ahmed F. , Gamea Ayman 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
The frequency of dysphagia varies considerably across literature. Post-stroke dysphagia is a common cause of increased morbidity and length of hospitalization. This study aimed to estimate the frequency, risk factors of dysphagia following first-ever ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke and its neuroradiological correlation.

Methods
Two hundred fifty patients (180 ischemic and 70 hemorrhagic strokes) with first-ever stroke were recruited within 72 h of onset. Detailed history, neurological examination, and computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance were done for each patient. Severity of stroke was evaluated by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). Swallowing function was assessed by water swallowing test (WST) and dysphagia outcome severity scale (DOSS).

Results
Ninety-eight (39.2%) of all stroke patients had dysphagia, 57 (31.7%) of ischemic group, 41 (58.6%) of hemorrhagic group. The mean age of ischemic group with dysphagia was older than ages of non-dysphagic and older than hemorrhagic stroke with dysphagia group. The mean total NIHSS was higher in dysphagic group than non-dysphagic group in both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Dysphagia in ischemic group was highly associated with diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HTN), and atrial fibrillation (AF). Dysphagia was commonly associated with middle cerebral artery (MCA), brainstem, and capsular infarctions as well as with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) with ventricular extension. Stroke severity and lesion size were the main determinant of dysphagia severity.

Conclusions
The frequency of post-stroke dysphagia is consistent with other studies. Advanced age, DM, HTN, and AF were the main risk factors. MCA, brain stem, capsular infarctions, and ICH with ventricular extension were frequently associated with dysphagia. Stroke severity and lesion size were independent predictors of dysphagia severity.
Internal and external determinants of corporate social responsibility practices in multinational enterprise subsidiaries in developing countries: evidence from Ethiopia
Authors: Gulema Tolossa Fufa , Roba Yadessa Tadesse 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe purpose of the study is to investigate the internal drivers and external determinants of corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategies practiced by multinational enterprises’ (MNEs) using institutional theory and the resource-based view. We propose that MNEs’ local business orientations and political behaviors are highly related to firms’ CSR selection as internal and external determinants, respectively, and we integrate the actual CSR practices from different characteristics to exploring and exploiting strategies. A multiple regression analysis was conducted by using survey data collected from MNE subsidiaries operating in Ethiopia. We found that firms who are oriented to raise competitiveness with collaborative attitudes toward host governments seek more exploring CSR practices. On the other hand, firms’ local orientation that is to build legitimacy with accommodative attitudes toward host governments has positive relations with exploiting CSR practices. Furthermore, contrary to the expectation the result revealed that exploiting CSR practices are positively related to both orientations, which implies that traditional CSR practices are treated fundamentally of importance in developing countries.
A rare association of tonsillar tuberculosis and lichen scrofulosorum
Authors: Harit Anshika , Sahoo Anjan Kumar , Singh Ishwar 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Both tonsillar tuberculosis and lichen scrofulosorum are sporadic presentations of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Lichen scrofulosorum commonly presents in children and young adults as lichenoid eruptions over the skin. Granulomatous inflammation of the tonsils, however, presents as non-specific sore throat and foreign body sensation in the throat. The concomitant presentation of the abovementioned tubercular manifestations has not been reported in the literature.

Case presentation
Herein, we report a case of an 11-year-old male patient who presented with a history of recurrent sore throat and ulcerative lesion over the tonsil. Systemic examination revealed multiple perifollicular eruptions over the trunk and back. The diagnosis was confirmed on histopathological findings of epithelioid cell granulomas with Langerhans giant cells following biopsy from the tonsil and skin lesions. Antitubercular therapy was initiated soon after. The patient responded to treatment as early as 6 weeks and was completely asymptomatic at 1 year of follow-up.

Conclusion
A diagnosis of granulomatous tonsillitis should alert the physician to the possibility of underlying systemic tuberculosis. In our case, coexistence of lichen scrofulosorum helped us to substantiate the diagnosis based on the biopsy report. Response to antitubercular agents is excellent and should be started at the earliest.
Dictionary learning and shift-invariant sparse coding denoising for controlled-source electromagnetic data combined with complementary ensemble empirical mode decomposition
Authors: Li Guang , He Zhushi , Tang Jingtian , Deng Juzhi , Liu Xiaoqiong , Zhu Huijie 
Published: February 2021

Controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) data recorded in industrialized areas are inevitably contaminated by strong cultural noise. Traditional noise attenuation methods are often ineffective for intricate aperiodic noise. To address the abovementioned problem, we have developed a novel noise isolation method based on the fast Fourier transform, complementary ensemble empirical mode decomposition (CEEMD), and shift-invariant sparse coding (SISC, an unsupervised machine-learning algorithm under a data-driven framework). First, large powerline noise is accurately subtracted in the frequency domain. Then, the CEEMD-based algorithm is used to correct the large baseline drift. Finally, taking advantage of the sparsity of periodic signals, SISC is applied to autonomously learn a feature atom (the useful signal with a length of one period) from the detrended signal and recover the CSEM signal with high accuracy. We determine the performance of the SISC by comparing it with three other promising signal processing methods, such as the mathematic morphology filtering, soft-threshold wavelet filtering, and K-singular-value decomposition (another dictionary learning method) sparse decomposition. Experimental results illustrate that SISC provides the best performance. Robustness test results indicate that SISC can increase the signal-to-noise ratio of noisy signal from 0 to more than 15 dB. Case studies of synthetic and real data collected in the Chinese provinces of Sichuan and Yunnan indicate that our method is capable of effectively recovering the useful signal from the observed data contaminated with different kinds of strong ambient noise. The curves of U/I and apparent resistivity after applying our method improved greatly. Moreover, our method performs better than the robust estimation method based on correlation analysis.
Differential Mitochondrial Gene Expression in Adipose Tissue Following Weight Loss Induced by Diet or Bariatric Surgery
Authors: van der Kolk Birgitta W , Muniandy Maheswary , Kaminska Dorota , Alvarez Marcus , Ko Arthur , Miao Zong , Valsesia Armand , Langin Dominique , Vaittinen Maija , Pääkkönen Mirva , Jokinen Riikka , Kaye Sanna , Heinonen Sini , Virtanen Kirsi A , Andersson Daniel P , Männistö Ville , Saris Wim H , Astrup Arne , Rydén Mikael , Blaak Ellen E , Pajukanta Päivi , Pihlajamäki Jussi , Pietiläinen Kirsi H 
Published: February 2021

AbstractContextMitochondria are essential for cellular energy homeostasis, yet their role in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) during different types of weight-loss interventions remains unknown.ObjectiveTo investigate how SAT mitochondria change following diet-induced and bariatric surgery–induced weight-loss interventions in 4 independent weight-loss studies.MethodsThe DiOGenes study is a European multicenter dietary intervention with an 8-week low caloric diet (LCD; 800 kcal/d; n = 261) and 6-month weight-maintenance (n = 121) period. The Kuopio Obesity Surgery study (KOBS) is a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery study (n = 172) with a 1-year follow-up. We associated weight-loss percentage with global and 2210 mitochondria-related RNA transcripts in linear regression analysis adjusted for age and sex. We repeated these analyses in 2 studies. The Finnish CRYO study has a 6-week LCD (800-1000 kcal/d; n = 19) and a 10.5-month follow-up. The Swedish DEOSH study is a RYGB surgery study with a 2-year (n = 49) and 5-year (n = 37) follow-up.ResultsDiet-induced weight loss led to a significant transcriptional downregulation of oxidative phosphorylation (DiOGenes; ingenuity pathway analysis [IPA] z-scores: −8.7 following LCD, −4.4 following weight maintenance; CRYO: IPA z-score: −5.6, all P &lt; 0.001), while upregulation followed surgery-induced weight loss (KOBS: IPA z-score: 1.8, P &lt; 0.001; in DEOSH: IPA z-scores: 4.0 following 2 years, 0.0 following 5 years). We confirmed an upregulated oxidative phosphorylation at the proteomics level following surgery (IPA z-score: 3.2, P &lt; 0.001).ConclusionsDifferentially regulated SAT mitochondria-related gene expressions suggest qualitative alterations between weight-loss interventions, providing insights into the potential molecular mechanistic targets for weight-loss success.
Vertebral Fracture Assessment in Postmenopausal Women With Postsurgical Hypoparathyroidism
Authors: Cipriani Cristiana , Minisola Salvatore , Bilezikian John P , Diacinti Davide , Colangelo Luciano , Piazzolla Valentina , Angelozzi Maurizio , Nieddu Luciano , Pepe Jessica , Diacinti Daniele 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Context
Hypoparathyroidism is a rare endocrine disorder whose skeletal features include suppression of bone turnover and greater volume and width of the trabecular compartment. Few and inconsistent data are available on the prevalence of vertebral fractures (VF).

Objective
To evaluate the prevalence of VF assessed by vertebral fracture assessment (VFA) in postmenopausal women with chronic postsurgical hypoparathyroidism.

Design
Cross-sectional study

Setting
Ambulatory referral center.

Patients or Other Participants
Fifty postmenopausal women (mean age 65.4 ± 9 years) with chronic postsurgical hypoparathyroidism and 40 age-matched healthy postmenopausal women (mean age 64.2 ± 8.6).

Main outcome measures
Lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total hip bone mineral density were measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry (Hologic Inc., USA) in all subjects. Site-matched spine trabecular bone score was calculated by TBS iNsight (Medimaps, Switzerland). Assessment of VF was made by VFA (iDXA, Lunar GE, USA) using the semiquantitative method and the algorithm-based qualitative assessment.

Results
All-site BMD values were higher in the hypoparathyroid vs the control group. By VFA, we observed a 16% prevalence of VF in hypoparathyroid women vs 7.5% in control subjects. Among those with hypoparathyroidism who fractured, 5 (62.5%) had grade 1 wedge, 2 (25%) had grade 2 wedge, and 1 (12.5%) had grade 2 wedge and grade 2 biconcave VF. In the hypoparathyroid group, 57% with VFs and 32% without VFs had symptoms of hypoparathyroidism.

Conclusion
We demonstrate for the first time that in postmenopausal women with chronic postsurgical hypoparathyroidism, VFs are demonstrable by VFA despite normal BMD.
Hepatic Ago2 Regulates PPARα for Oxidative Metabolism Linked to Glycemic Control in Obesity and Post Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Bhattacharjee Jashdeep , Borra Vishnupriya J , Salem Esam S B , Zhang Cai , Murakami Kazutoshi , Gill Rupinder K , Kim Ahlee , Kim James K , Salazar-Gonzalez Rosa-Maria , Warren Mikako , Kohli Rohit , Nakamura Takahisa 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Argonaute 2 (Ago2) is the main component of the RNA-induced silencing complex. We recently showed that liver-specific Ago2-deficiency in mice (L-Ago2 knockout [KO] mice) enhances mitochondrial oxidation and alleviates obesity-associated pathophysiology. However, the precise mechanisms behind the role of hepatic Ago2 in regulating the mitochondrial oxidation associated with glucose metabolism are still unclear. Here, we show that hepatic Ago2 regulates the function of peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor α (PPARα) for oxidative metabolism. In both genetically and diet-induced severe obese conditions, L-Ago2 KO mice developed obesity and hepatic steatosis but exhibited improved glucose metabolism accompanied by lowered expression levels of pathologic microRNAs (miRNAs), including miR-802, miR-103/107, and miR-152, and enhanced expression of PPARα and its target genes regulating oxidative metabolism in the liver. We then investigated the role of hepatic Ago2 in the outcomes of vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) in which PPARα plays a crucial role in a drastic transcription reprogram associated with improved glycemia post VSG. Whereas VSG reduced body weight and improved fatty liver in wild-type mice, these effects were not observed in hepatic Ago2-deficient mice. Conversely, glucose metabolism was improved in a hepatic Ago2-dependent manner post VSG. Treating Ago2-deficient primary hepatocytes with WY-14643, a PPARα agonist, showed that Ago2-deficiency enhances sensitivity to WY-14643 and increases expression of PPARα target genes and mitochondrial oxidation. Our findings suggest that hepatic Ago2 function is intrinsically associated with PPARα that links Ago2-mediated RNA silencing with mitochondrial functions for oxidation and obesity-associated pathophysiology.
An Inhibitory Circuit From Brainstem to GnRH Neurons in Male Mice: A New Role for the RFRP Receptor
Authors: Constantin Stephanie , Pizano Katherine , Matson Kaya , Shan Yufei , Reynolds Daniel , Wray Susan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
RFamide-related peptides (RFRPs, mammalian orthologs of gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone) convey circadian, seasonal, and social cues to the reproductive system. They regulate gonadotropin secretion by modulating gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons via the RFRP receptor. Mice lacking this receptor are fertile but exhibit abnormal gonadotropin responses during metabolic challenges, such as acute fasting, when the normal drop in gonadotropin levels is delayed. Although it is known that these food intake signals to the reproductive circuit originate in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) in the brainstem, the phenotype of the neurons conveying the signal remains unknown. Given that neuropeptide FF (NPFF), another RFamide peptide, resides in the NTS and can bind to the RFRP receptor, we hypothesized that NPFF may regulate GnRH neurons. To address this question, we used a combination of techniques: cell-attached electrophysiology on GnRH-driven green fluorescent protein–tagged neurons in acute brain slices; calcium imaging on cultured GnRH neurons; and immunostaining on adult brain tissue. We found (1) NPFF inhibits GnRH neuron excitability via the RFRP receptor and its canonical signaling pathway (Gi/o protein and G protein–coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channels), (2) NPFF-like fibers in the vicinity of GnRH neurons coexpress neuropeptide Y, (3) the majority of NPFF-like cell bodies in the NTS also coexpress neuropeptide Y, and (4) acute fasting increased NPFF-like immunoreactivity in the NTS. Together these data indicate that NPFF neurons within the NTS inhibit GnRH neurons, and thus reproduction, during fasting but prior to the energy deficit.
Masculinized Drosophila females adapt their fighting strategies to their opponent
Authors: Monyak Rachel E. , Golbari Nicole M. , Chan Yick-Bun , Pranevicius Ausra , Tang Grace , Fernández Maria Paz , Kravitz Edward A. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Many animal species show aggression to gain mating partners and to protect territories and other resources from competitors. Both male and female fruit flies of the species Drosophila melanogaster exhibit aggression in same-sex pairings, but the strategies used are sexually dimorphic. We have begun to explore the biological basis for the differing aggression strategies, and the cues promoting one form of aggression over the other. Here, we describe a line of genetically masculinized females that switch between male and female aggression patterns based on the sexual identity of their opponents. When these masculinized females are paired with more aggressive opponents, they increase the amount of male-like aggression they use, but do not alter the level of female aggression. This suggests that male aggression may be more highly responsive to behavioral cues than female aggression. Although the masculinized females of this line show opponent-dependent changes in aggression and courtship behavior, locomotor activity and sleep are unaffected. Thus, the driver line used may specifically masculinize neurons involved in social behavior. A discussion of possible different roles of male and female aggression in fruit flies is included here. These results can serve as precursors to future experiments aimed at elucidating the circuitry and triggering cues underlying sexually dimorphic aggressive behavior.