bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gut Microbiome Influences The Neuroinflammatory Response To Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Kumar Akshita Jade , Bedi Supinder Singh , Toledano-Furman Naama , Carrillo Louis , Cardenas Fanni , Caplan Henry , Sequeira David , Speer Allison L , Olson Scott D , Wade Charles E. , Cox Charles S. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a systemic injury that disrupts a complex arrangement of interacting cells in the brain and in the gastrointestinal tract (GI). Disruption in the brain results in neuroinflammation, in which microglia are a central component along with cytokines and other soluble factors [pro and anti-inflammatory microglia (M1:M2)]. Disruption in the GI due to TBI results in a systemic inflammation which is dependent upon the gut microbiome (GM). Gut microbiome can influence microglia in the brain via the gut-brain axis. In order to determine if the microbiome-microglia connections via the gut-brain axis can be modulated, we used probiotics and antibiotics in a rodent TBI model to evaluate the microbiome-microglial connections in acute and chronic experiments.Methods: The temporal effects of treatment (probiotics or antibiotics) were used to evaluate the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) influence on the microglial response at 72 hours or 21 days after a cortical contusion injury (CCI), a rodent model of TBI. Injured animals received daily probiotics, antibiotics, or no treatment. Sham-injured animals (controls) did not receive any treatment.Results: Twenty-one days of probiotic treatment attenuated the pro-inflammatory response of microglia (M1:M2) after CCI. The post-injury inflammatory response was heightened in the GALT with antibiotic-induced dysbiosis which resulted in amplification of the pro-inflammatory microglial response. Conclusions: Probiotic treatment after TBI is a potential therapeutic in attenuating microglial activation through anti-inflammatory signaling.
Dynamics of Small World Effect and Random Fuzzy Graph
Authors: Zhang Yijin , Huang Jie , Lin Zongbing 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Small World Effect (or Six Degrees of Separation theory) has generated significant influence in the world. Many researchers and institutes have done lots of work on the study of it. We model Small World Effect by random process and Graph, calculate the probability that any two people i and j in the world can contact each other after n steps (forwarding messages by intermediaries) based on different R (average number of acquaintances everyone has in the world).When R=50 or 80, if , the probability is 0.848 and the search is very likely to happen. When R=150, n=4, this probability is 0.99994, that is, after 4 steps, any two people in the world will establish connection almost surely. In the sense of Dunbar's number (R=150), six degrees of separation becomes four degrees of separation. We propose the concepts of (directed) Random Fuzzy Graph for the very first time which can describe the fact of recognition among people best, because the relation among persons is random and fuzzy.
Assessment of Diet Quality and Health-Related Quality of Life in Young Adults According to Household Food Security Status and Income Level
Authors: Kim Eun-kyung , Kim Se-Na , Kwon Yong-Seok , Lee Jin-Young , Park Young Hee 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Food insecurity is still a concern not only in low- and middle-income countries but also in high-income countries and it is reported to have a relationship with health outcome such as chronic diseases. This study was conducted to compare diet quality and health-related quality of life in young adults according to their household income and food security.
Methods
Our population-based sample included 10,224 young adults aged 19–34 y participating in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2008–2018. The participants were classified into four groups according to household income and food security: food security & higher-income, food insecurity & higher-income, food security & low-income, and food insecurity & low-income. General characteristics, daily diet, and nutritional quality were compared among the four groups.
Results
The percentage of participants consuming daily diet with protein, vitamin A, B1, B2, niacin, vitamin C, calcium, phosphorus, and iron less than Estimated Average Requirement increased in the food insecurity & low-income group. In case of most commonly consumed food, ramen and sprite were highly placed in the food insecurity & low-income group while apple and beef ranked relatively high in the food security & higher-income group. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval, CI) of Euro Quality of Life five Dimensions (EQ5D) in the food insecurity & low-income group were 1.55 (1.05–2.29) and 1.33 (1.07–1.64) for mobility and anxiety/depression respectively, compared to the food security & higher-income group after adjusting confounding factors.
Conclusions
Household food insecurity and low-income had relationships with poor diet quality and poor health-related quality of life in young adults, in particular, mobility and anxiety/depression.
Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors (Screen Time and Homework) Among Overweight or Obese Adolescents Before The COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study in Yazd, Iran
Authors: Hadianfard Ali Mohammad , Mozaffari-Khosravi Hassan , Karandish Majid , Azhdari Maryam 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background

The growing number of adolescents who are overweight or obese (OW / OB) is a public concern. The present study was aimed to evaluate PA and sedentary behaviors (SB) (screen time (ST) and homework time (HT)) among Yazd OW/OB adolescents before the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods

This cross-sectional study was performed among 510 students aged 12–16 in Yazd, Iran. The general information, physical activity (PA), and SB (ST and HT) were collected by interview based on the WHO standard questionnaire. Anthropometric data and daily energy intake (Energy) were assessed.
Results

There was a high prevalence of SB > 2h/day (97.6), ST > 2h/day (70.3%), overweight or obesity (40%), abdominal obesity (36.9%), low PA (29.8%) among the students. The younger age (p = 0.014), energy (p < 0.001), no access to the yard (p < 0.001), family size ≤ 4 (p = 0.023), the commuting to school by motor vehicles (p = 0.001), the highest school days’ HT (p = 0.033) and SB (p = 0.021), and the highest weekends’ HT among the students were the risk factors for OW/OB. The highest PA level was associated with a lower risk of OW/OB (p < 0.001). The findings were not the same in both sexes. Compared to the normal weight students, OW / OB spent more time on school days and weekdays for ST (P < 0.001), HT (P < 0.001, P = 0.005) and SB (P < 0.001), respectively. OW/OB students showed a higher weekends’ ST (p < 0.001) and lower HT (p = 0.048) than normal-weight students.
Conclusion

The prevalence of SB, ST, OW/OB, and low PA were common. The school days and weekends’ HT, the school days’ SB and HT, age, energy, PA, and access to the yard, family size, and the commuting to school were related to the greater chances of OW/OB students. Given that the expansion of online education and self-isolation in a new situation with COVID-19, it seems we will meet the worrying results.
Reconstruction of attosecond beating by interference of two-photon transitions in the bulk of solids
Authors: Jimenez-Galan Alvaro , Silva Rui , Ivanov Misha (Mikhail) 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The reconstruction of attosecond beating by interference of two-photon transitions (RABBIT) is one of the most widely used techniques for resolving ultrafast electronic dynamics in atomic and molecular systems. As it relies on the interference of photo-electrons in vacuum, similar interference has never been contemplated in the bulk of crystals. Using accurate numerical simulations in a realistic system, here we show that the interference of two-photon transitions can be recorded directly in the bulk of solids and read out with standard angle-resolved photo-emission spectroscopy. The phase of the RABBIT beating in the photoelectron spectra coming from the bulk of solids is sensitive to the relative phase of the Berry connection between bands and it experiences a shift of π as one of the quantum paths crosses a band. For resonant interband transitions, the amplitude of the RABBIT oscillation decays as the pump and probe pulses are separated in time due to electronic decoherence, providing a simple interferometric method to extract dephasing times.
Dolutegravir-Based ART: Exploring Patient Safety and Acceptability Following National Roll-Out in Uganda
Authors: Zakumumpa Henry , Kitutu Freddy Eric , Ndagije Helen Bomire , Diana Nakitto-Kesi , Ssanyu Jacquellyn Nambi , Kiguba Ronald 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUNDThe World Health Organization recommends dolutegravir (DTG) as the backbone for first-line and second-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) worldwide. However, little is known about the acceptability and tolerability of DTG-based ART at routine points-of-care in Uganda. We set out to explore the perceptions of ART clinic managers regarding the acceptability and tolerability of DTG-based ART since national roll-out in March 2018 in Uganda.METHODSWe adopted a qualitative descriptive design involving 49 ART clinic managers and clinicians. Between September 2020 and February 2021, we conducted 22 in-depth interviews with ART clinic managers and clinicians in 12 purposively selected health facilities across Uganda. The selection of study sites ensured diversity in facility ownership-type (public/private), level of service delivery (tertiary/secondary/primary) and the four major geographic sub-regions of Uganda. We conducted three focus group discussions with 27 ART clinicians in the participating facilities. Data were analyzed by thematic approach. RESULTSThe participants acknowledged that DTG-based ART is well tolerated by the majority of their patients who appreciate the reduced pill burden, perceived less side effects and superior viral load suppression. However, they reported that a number of patients experience adverse drug reactions (ADRs) after being transitioned to DTG. Hyperglycemia is, by far, the most commonly reported suspected ADR associated with DTG-based regimens and was cited in all but two participating facilities. Insomnia, weight gain and reduced libido are among the other frequently cited suspected ADRs. In addition, ART clinic managers perceived some of the suspected ADRs as resulting from drug interactions between dolutegravir and isoniazid. Weak diagnostic capacities and shortage of associated commodities (e.g. glucometers and test kits) were reported as impediments to understanding the full extent of ADRs associated DTG-based ART. CONCLUSIONWhile DTG-based regimens were perceived to be well tolerated by the majority of patients at participating facilities, a number of patients were reported to experience suspected ADRs key among which were hyperglycemia, insomnia and reduced libido. We recommend interventions aimed at strengthening blood glucose monitoring for patients taking DTG-based regimens and precautionary assessment of all patients prior to initiating them on DTG for known risk factors for DTG related ADRs.
Bioinformatics Analysis of The Expression of ATP Binding Cassette Transporters and The Screening of Regulatory Genes in PTEN/PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway in The Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Zheng Tingdan , Song Wuqi , Yang Aiying 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objective Here we performed the Bioinformatics analysis on the data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), in order to find the correlation between the expression of ATP Binding Cassette (ABC) Transporters’ genes and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) prognosis; Methods Transcriptome profiles and clinical data of HCC were obtained from TCGA database. Package edgeR was used to analyze differential gene expression. Patients were divided into low-ABC expression and high-ABC expression groups based on the median expression level of ABC genes in cancer. The overall survival and short-term survival (n= 341) of the two groups was analyzed using the log-rank test and Wilcoxon test; Results We found that ABC gene expression was correlated with the expression of PIK3C2B (p<0.001, ABCC1: r=0.27; ABCC10: r=0.57; ABCC4: r=0.20; ABCC5: r=0.28; ABCB9: r=0.17; ABCD1: r=0.21). All patients with low-ABC expression showed significantly increased overall survival. Significantly decreased overall survival (Log-rank test: p<0.05, Wilcoxon test: p<0.05) was found in patients with high expression of ABCC1 (HR=1.58), ABCD1 (HR=1.45), ABCC4 (HR=1.56), and ABCC5 (HR=1.64), while decreased short-term survival (Log-rank test: p>0.05, Wilcoxon test: p<0.05) was correlated with the increased expression of ABCC10 (HR=1.29), PIK3C2B (HR=1.29) and ABCB9 (HR=1.23); Conclusions Our findings indicate that the specific ABC gene expression correlates with the prognosis of HCC. Therefore, ABC expression profile could be a potential indicator for HCC patients.
Nursing Students' Experiences of Educational Discrimination: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Jazi Zahra Hadian , Gheybi Mohammd Kazzem , Zare Zahra , Shahsavari Hooman 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Although the need for justice and the elimination of injustice (or discrimination) is now a universally accepted principle, discrimination is still an unpleasant experience for many nursing students. This study aimed to explain the experiences of nursing students of educational discrimination and find out the main factors that cause this feeling.Methods: This is a qualitative study conducted in the nursing faculty of Shahr-e-Kord and the Iran university of medical science (IUMS) in Iran. Twelve nursing students were selected by purposeful sampling method and were interviewed. All interviews were analyzed according to the content analysis method.Results: Three main themes and ten subcategories appeared. Extracted themes include: "inappropriate behavior of nursing professors (or instructors) " with 3 subcategories (1- discriminatory behavior by nursing professors (or instructors), 2- lack of sufficient self-confidence in nursing professors and transferring it to the student, and 3- the educator role in motivating or eliminating motivation); "Strict rules" with 3 subcategories (1- inequality in implementation of rights and rules among students of different disciplines, 2- differences in compliance with laws and regulations, and 3- nurses are being strictly monitored), and " Lack of nursing professional independence " with 4 subcategories (1- lack of authority, 2- lack of supportive organizations for nurses, 3- lack of proper social status of nursing in society, and 4- the high authority and power of physicians over other disciplines).Conclusions: In our study, it was shown that nursing students feel the most discrimination in front of medical students. Feelings of discrimination reduce self-confidence in nursing students. Therefore, nursing educators and professors must think of a solution, or at least they themselves should not cause this feeling in them by inappropriate behavior and discriminatory speech and words.
Exploring How Functional Traits Modulate Species Response to Topography in Baxian Mountain, North China
Authors: Tang Lili , Morris William , Zhang Mei , Shi Fuchen , Vesk Peter 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The associations between functional traits and species response to environments have aroused more and more ecologists’ interest and can provide insights into understanding and explaining how plants respond to the environment. Here, we applied a hierarchical generalized linear model to quantifying the role of functional traits in plants response to topography. Functional traits data, including specific leaf area, maximum height, seed mass and stem wood density, together with elevation, aspect and slope were used in the model. In our results, species response to elevation and aspect were modulated by maximum height and seed mass. Shorter-statured tree species had a more positive response than taller ones to an increase in elevation. Compared to light-seeded trees, heavy-seeded trees responded more positively to more southerly aspects where the soil was drier. In this study, the roles of maximum height and seed mass in determining species distribution along elevation and aspect gradients were highlighted respectively where plants are confronted with low-temperature and soil moisture deficit conditions. This work contributes to the understanding of how traits may be associated with species responses along mesoscale environmental gradients.
Forest degradation, not loss, drives widespread avian population declines
Authors: Betts Matthew , Yang Zhiqiang , Hadley Adam , Rousseau Josee , Northrup Joseph , Nocera Joe , Gorelick Noel , Gerber Brian 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In many regions of the world, forest management has reduced old forest and simplified forest structure and composition via reliance on monoculture tree plantations. We hypothesized that such forest degradation has resulted in long-term habitat loss for forest-associated bird species of eastern Canada (130,017 km2) which, in turn, has affected bird population declines. Back-cast species distribution models revealed that despite little change in overall forest cover, breeding habitat loss occurred for 66% of the 54 most common species from 1985-2020. This habitat loss was strongly associated with population declines for 72% of species, as quantified in an independent, long-term dataset. Since 1985, net forest bird abundance has declined in this region by an estimated 33-104 million birds due to habitat loss alone. The effects of forest degradation may therefore be a primary cause of biodiversity decline in managed forest landscapes.
Histone-like Nucleoid-structuring Protein (H-NS) Regulatory Role in Antibiotic Resistance in Acinetobacter Baumannii
Authors: Rodgers Deja , Le Casin , Pimentel Camila , Tuttobene Marisel Romina , Subils Tomás , Escalante Jenny , Nishimura Brent , Véscovi Eleonora García , Sieira Rodrigo , Bonomo Robert , Tolmasky Marcelo , Ramírez María Soledad 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In the multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii the global repressor H-NS was shown to modulate the expression of genes related to quorum sensing, biosynthetic pathways, cell adhesion, virulence, and autotransporters. In addition, H-NS is involved in stress response and its inactivation results in an increased resistance to colistin, and in a hypermotile phenotype an altered stress response. To further contribute to the knowledge of this key transcriptional regulator in A. baumannii behavior, we studied the role of H-NS in antimicrobial resistance. Using two well characterized A. baumannii model strains with distinctive resistance profile and pathogenicity traits (AB5075 and A118), complementary transcriptomic and phenotypic approaches were used to study the role of H-NS in antimicrobial resistance, biofilm and quorum sensing gene expression. An increased expression of genes associated with β-lactam resistance, aminoglycosides, quinolones, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim and sulfonamides resistance in the Δhns mutant background was observed. Genes codifying for efflux pumps were also up-regulated, with the exception of adeFGH. The wild-type transcriptional level was restored in the complemented strain. In addition, the expression of biofilm related genes and biofilm production was lowered when the transcriptional repressor was absent. The quorum network genes aidA, abaI, kar and fadD were up-regulated in Δhns mutant strains. Overall, our results showed the complexity and scope of the regulatory network control by H-NS (genes involved in antibiotic resistance and persistence). These observations brings us one step closer to understanding the regulatory role of hns to combat A. baumannii infections.
Elevated Native T1 Values in the Remote Myocardium Supplied by Obstructive Non-infarct Related Coronary Arteries in Post-STEMI CMR
Authors: Brodov Yafim , Matetzky Shlomi , Konen Eli , Segni Mattia Di , Younes Annan , Massalha Ayas , Berkovitch Anat , Beytelman Arkadi , Chernomordik Fernando , Goitein Orly 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: We hypothesized that native T1 values, in the non-infarct myocardial territories,may differ if supplied by obstructive or non- obstructive coronary arteries.Methods:Consecutive patients (N = 60, mean age 59 years) with first STEMI following primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), underwent 3 Tesla Cardiac MRI (CMR) within 5±2 days. A retrospective review of coronary angiography reports classified coronary arteries as infarct related coronary artery (IRA) and non-IRA. Obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) was defined as stenosis ≥ 50%.Native T1 values were presented using a 16-segment AHA modelaccording to the three main coronary territories, left anterior descending (LAD), left circumflex (CX) right coronary artery (RCA).Results: The mean native T1 values in the non-IRA were: 1321 ± 40 msec and 1283 ± 32 msec in the LAD ≥ 50% vs. LAD < 50% stenosis, respectively (P=0.016), 1345 ± 61 msec and 1295 ± 36 msec in the RCA ≥ 50% vs. RCA < 50% stenosis,respectively (P=0.007). Cutoff native T1 values for predicting obstructive non-IRA LAD was 1308 msecwith a sensitivity and specificity of 82% and 67%,respectively(AUC 0.76 ,95% CI 0.57 - 0.95, p = 0.04). Cutoff native T1 values for predicting obstructive non-IRA RCA was 1302 msecwith a sensitivity and specificity of 55% and 83%, respectively(AUC 0.7 95% CI 0.52-0.87, p = 0.05).Logistic regression to predict obstructive non-IRAafteradjustment for age showed T1 was an independent predictor of obstructive non-IRA LAD OR=4.5 (1.33-24.06), p=0.04 and obstructive RCA OR=2.23 (1.12-5.65), p=0.05. Conclusion: Non-IRA obstructive native T1 values are significantly higher as compared with non-obstructive native T1 values. These results suggest the presence of concomitant remote myocardial impairment in the non-IRA territories with obstructive CAD. Trial registration: 5897-19-SMC.
Research on Detection and Recognition of Abnormal Data caused by Network Intrusion using Deep Learning
Authors: Jian Yan , Dong Xiaoyang , Jian Liang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Based on deep learning, this study combined sparse autoencoder (SAE) with extreme learning machine (ELM) to design an SAE-ELM method to reduce the dimension of data features and realize the classification of different types of data. Experiments were carried out on NSL-KDD and UNSW-NB2015 data sets. The results showed that, compared with the K-means algorithm and the SVM algorithm, the proposed method had higher performance. On the NSL-KDD data set, the average accuracy rate of the SAE-ELM method was 98.93%, the false alarm rate was 0.17%, and the missing report rate was 5.36%. On the UNSW-NB2015 data set, the accuracy rate of the SAE-ELM method was 98.88%, the false alarm rate was 0.12%, and the missing report rate was 4.31%. The results show that the SAE-ELM method is effective in the detection and recognition of abnormal data and can be popularized and applied.