bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L’économie sociale et solidaire après la loi du 31 juillet 2014 : le « choc des cultures »
Authors: Bousquet Carole , Monties Vanessa , Richard Damien 
Published: February 2021

La loi du 31 juillet 2014 sur l’économie sociale et solidaire élargit le périmètre du secteur. Outre les associations, coopératives, mutuelles et fondations qui en font partie du fait de leur statut, c’est dorénavant également le cas de certaines sociétés commerciales à condition qu’elles poursuivent un but social, qu’elles disposent d’une gouvernance participative et que leurs bénéfices soient majoritairement consacrés au maintien ou au développement de l’activité. Dans cet article, nous nous interrogeons sur les effets de cette loi – et de la reconnaissance de ce que l’on appelle « l’entrepreneuriat social » – au regard de trois enjeux essentiels : la place de l’entrepreneur, autrement dit la question du leadership ; le mode de gouvernance des organisations de l’ESS, la loi semblant accepter un glissement de sens d’une conception démocratique fidèle au principe « une personne = une voix » vers d’autres formes participatives n’impliquant pas que le pouvoir décisionnel des sociétés commerciales concernées soit dissocié de la propriété du capital ; la visée transformatrice et politique des organisations de l’ESS. Nos résultats suggèrent que même si le nombre de « sociétés commerciales de l’économie sociale et solidaire » reste à ce jour très limité, les changements sont profonds et inaugurent une nouvelle phase du développement de l’ESS.
FabLab : culture de l’apprentissage, compétences entrepreneuriales et employabilité
Authors: Dutot Vincent , Dominé Lucie , Van Horne Constance 
Published: February 2021

Cette recherche exploratoire se positionne sous l’angle de la culture de communauté et d’apprentissage inhérente aux FabLabs, considérés ici comme des espaces de création. Dans cette perspective, l’employabilité est importante non seulement pour les individus qui souhaitent se lancer dans un voyage entrepreneurial, mais aussi pour les entreprises qui ont besoin de travailleurs qualifiés, en particulier dans l’industrie 4.0. Nos entretiens permettent de mieux caractériser une culture de l’apprentissage spécifique aux FabLabs – le « Do it yourself », le « Do it with others », l’apprentissage par erreur, le partage des connaissances au sein d’une même communauté de travail, etc. – qui sont aujourd’hui des qualités dont les entreprises et au-delà toutes les organisations ont besoin pour affronter un monde de plus en plus changeant et incertain.
Assessment of Dental Undergraduate Students’ Skills in Local Anesthesia Administration: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Siddiqi K. M. , Qazi H. S. , Ali K. , Glanville R. 
Published: February 2021

Objectives: To investigate the quantitative impact of experience on competence in local anesthetic administration amongst final-year Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) students. Methods: A Longitudinal cohort study design was employed. Purposive sampling was used to enrol final year BDS students and assess their competence longitudinally over a full academic year. The assessment criteria and scoring structure were reviewed during inspection of the institution by the regulator and the external examiner. Participants were assessed on four occasions, namely, after they had gained experience in performing 15, 40, 70 and 100 patient encounters involving local anesthetic administration. Results: A total of 177 participants who were assessed including 31 males (18%) and 146 females (82%). Assessment of the participants on four occasions provided a total of 885 data points. A chi-square test was carried out to test the hypothesis. Students in Group 4 with over 100 patient encounters were most likely to pass assessment, while students in 1 with 15 patient encounters were most likely to fail. There was a statistically significant variation in the proportion of ‘Below Standard’, ‘Meets Standard’ and ‘Exceeds Standard’ judgements awarded to students with differing levels of prior experience (p <0.001), confirming the research hypothesis. Data on differential performance of students by gender did not show significant differences. Conclusions: The results of this study show a linear relationship between the number of patient encounters involving administration of local anesthesia and demonstration of competency amongst final year dental students. Over 90% students achieved competence after performing 100 patient encounters.
The Butyrate-Producing Bacterium Clostridium butyricum Suppresses Clostridioides difficile Infection via Neutrophil- and Antimicrobial Cytokine–Dependent but GPR43/109a-Independent Mechanisms
Authors: Hayashi Atsushi , Nagao-Kitamoto Hiroko , Kitamoto Sho , Kim Chang H. , Kamada Nobuhiko 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids, such as butyrate, are major gut microbial metabolites that are beneficial for gastrointestinal health. Clostridium butyricum MIYAIRI588 (CBM588) is a bacterium that produces a robust amount of butyrate and therefore has been used as a live biotherapeutic probiotic in clinical settings. Clostridioides difficile causes life-threatening diarrhea and colitis. The gut resident microbiota plays a critical role in the prevention of C. difficile infection (CDI), as the disruption of the healthy microbiota by antibiotics greatly increases the risk for CDI. We report that CBM588 treatment in mice significantly improved clinical symptoms associated with CDI and increased the number of neutrophils and Th1 and Th17 cells in the colonic lamina propria in the early phase of CDI. The protective effect of CBM588 was abolished when neutrophils, IFN-γ, or IL-17A were depleted, suggesting that induction of the immune reactants is required to elicit the protective effect of the probiotic. The administration of tributyrin, which elevates the concentration of butyrate in the colon, also increased the number of neutrophils in the colonic lamina propria, indicating that butyrate is a potent booster of neutrophil activity during infection. However, GPR43 and GPR109a, two G protein–coupled receptors activated by butyrate, were dispensable for the protective effect of CBM588. These results indicate that CBM588 and butyrate suppress CDI, in part by boosting antimicrobial innate and cytokine-mediated immunity.
User feedback on usefulness and accessibility features of mobile applications by people with visual impairment
Authors: Christy Beula , Pillai Aishwarya 
Published: February 2021

Purpose:
This study aimed at compiling a catalog of mobile applications with accessibility features. The results are expected to provide useful insight into its usage in daily life.

Methods:
This study was conducted at the Institute for Vision Rehabilitation, Hyderabad in two steps. In step one 57 potentials mobile applications that were useful for persons with visual impairment were identified. In step two, these were explored by 15 participants and their feedback was analyzed through SPSS statistical package.

Results:
Fifteen mobile users who are visually impaired took part in the study whose mean age was 22 years. A total of 57 mobile applications were explored and rated as per the user's feedback on its usage and accessibility features. Overall rating of general applications ranged from 2.3 to 4.55 and the rating of exclusive applications designed for visually impaired ranged from 2.8 to 4.8. Compilation of catalog of mobile assistive software and its usage through the data generated from this study provides important information to the early mobile users with visual impairment. The built-in accessibility features of the apps that were originally developed for the general population is the constructive move by the app developers towards inclusion. The same should be reinforced that henceforth all-new applications to be accessible for people with disabilities to the standard prescribed by the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines.

Conclusion:
Mobile technology is a real boon to persons with visual impairment in enhancing their independence. The catalog on accessible mobile applications developed through this study is a valuable tool in providing information on a wider collection of apps to new mobile users.
Study 3
Authors: Pujari Amar , Sharma Namrata , Bafna Rahul K , Agarwal Divya 
Published: February 2021

Purpose:
To describe the changes along nucleo-epinuclear and the opacity-capsular junction during hydrodelineation and the entire period of phacoemulsification using intraoperative optical coherence tomography (iOCT).

Methods:
A total of 12 eyes of 12 patients with clinically confirmed posterior polar cataract, who underwent cataract surgery by a single surgeon under the direct guidance of iOCT. The changes along nucleo-epinuclear junction and opacity-capsular junction during/following hydrodelineation and the changes along the opacity-capsular junction following nucleus removal, capsular changes before the opacity removal, and its dynamic changes throughout the surgical procedure were studied.

Results:
The mean age of patients was 48.25 ± 7.89 years. Eight of them were males and the right eye was operated in seven patients. With regular hydrodelineation, optimal separation of the nucleus-epinuclear layer was evident in 11 patients. Once a golden ring is achieved through the hydro procedure, then repeated attempts can be performed within it to decrease the chances of capsular damage. Fracture of the posterior opacity with tension over the underlying capsule (n = 1), inadvertent hydro dissection while performing hydrodelineation (n = 1), continuous posterior capsular billowing (n = 2), and posterior capsular ruptures (n = 2) were encountered in this observation with even well-judged surgical maneuvering.

Conclusion:
iOCT provides a better understanding of real-time changes along different layers of the human lens during posterior polar cataract surgery. The observations obtained here are likely to help in minimizing inadvertent complications in the future.
Comparison of spectral domain optical coherence tomography parameters between disc suspects and “pre-perimetric” glaucomatous discs classified on disc photos
Authors: Shah Shruti Nitin , David Rathini Lilian , Parivadhini Annadurai , Lingam Vijaya , Balekudaru Shantha , George Ronnie Jacob 
Published: February 2021

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to compare SD-OCT parameters between disc suspects and “pre-perimetric” glaucomatous discs classified on disc photos.

Methods:
Disc photos of suspicious discs with normal Humphrey visual fields (HVF) were graded as normal or pre-perimetric glaucomatous based on the consensus of three masked glaucoma specialists. RNFL and GCL-IPL maps of SD-OCT (Cirrus OCT) of these eyes were studied. Quantitative RNFL parameters were compared. Both groups were also compared with respect to parameters being classified as abnormal (at the 1% level), and the pattern of GCL-IPL and NFL maps were assessed qualitatively and classified as normal or pre-perimetric glaucomatous by a masked glaucoma specialist.

Results:
The average and inferior RNFL thicknesses were decreased in pre-perimetric glaucomatous eyes compared to normal eyes (p 0.01) The average, minimal, inferotemporal and inferior sector GCL-IPL thicknesses were decreased in pre-perimetric glaucomatous eyes (all P < 0.002) The highest AUC was for the inferior RNFL thickness (0.771) followed by average RNFL thickness (0.757) The sensitivity and specificity for any one abnormal RNFL parameter was 71.9% and 59.7%, for GCL-IPL parameters was 70% and 69.1% The positive (PLR) and negative likelihood ratios (NLR) were 1.78 and 0.47 for RNFL and 2.26 and 0.43 for GCL-IPL parameters. For the qualitative assessment of RNFL and GCL-IPL maps, the sensitivity, specificity, PLR and NLR were 75%, 77.2%, 3.29, and 0.32, respectively.

Conclusion:
Pre-perimetric disc suspects had greater OCT changes compared to normal disc suspects. Qualitative assessment of RNFL and GCL-IPL maps had the highest discriminatory ability.
Status of eye health among tribal school children in South India
Authors: Narayanan Anuradha , Krishnamurthy Sruthi Sree , Pandurangan Karthika , Ramakrishnan Bhavatharini , Ramajayam Hemamalini , Kumar R Krishna 
Published: February 2021

Purpose:
Global trends show a high prevalence of refractive errors among children. The prevalence of vision impairment due to uncorrected refractive errors among school children is increasing and the need for management of other ocular conditions is also reported. This study presents the status of eye health and pattern of daily activities among the school children of a tribal location in Tamil Nadu, South India.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted in 13 schools of Karumandurai cluster, Salem district in Tamil Nadu, India. A three-phased comprehensive school screening protocol was conducted to understand the prevalence of vision impairment, refractive error, and other ocular conditions along with a survey about the daily activities of the children at school and home.

Results:
Among the 3655 children screened, the prevalence of vision impairment was found to be 0.62% (n = 23, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.42–0.94) and prevalence of refractive error was 0.30% (n = 11, 95%CI 0.17–0.54), among which 0.11% (n = 4) were already wearing spectacles. A total of 44 children (1.20%; 95%CI 0.90–1.61) were found to have other ocular problems and among them, 14 (0.38%) had visual acuity less than 20/30 (6/9). Almost 84% of children required surgical or specialty eye care services. Vision impairment was more in children with other ocular conditions compared to refractive errors (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
The prevalence of vision impairment and refractive errors in this tribal area was less. Ocular conditions were more prevalent than refractive errors in this tribal region with the majority of children needing specialty or surgical eye care services. This implies the need for access to secondary or tertiary eye care centers.
Outcomes of 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy with encircling scleral band for acute retinal necrosis-related rhegmatogenous retinal detachment
Authors: Moharana Bruttendu , Dogra Mohit , Singh Simar Rajan , Ravikumar Bhukya , Tigari Basavaraj , Katoch Deeksha , Singh Ankur , Singh Ramandeep 
Published: February 2021

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the anatomic and functional outcomes of 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy (25G PPV) with encircling scleral band (ESB) in patients with acute retinal necrosis (ARN)-related rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).

Methods:
Single-center retrospective interventional case series of patients who underwent 25G PPV with ESB for ARN-related RRD. Complete anatomic success was defined as the complete attachment of retina after primary PPV. Functional success was measured by the final best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) ≥20/400. Intraoperative and postoperative complications were also noted.

Results:
14 eyes of 13 patients were included in the study. Six patients (46.1%) were immunocompromised. The mean follow-up was 23.64 ± 9.95 (range 6-42) months. Silicone oil was used as tamponade in 13 eyes and C3F8 gas in one eye. After the primary PPV, complete anatomical success was seen in all eyes (100%), however, one eye developed phthisis bulbi after silicone oil removal (SOR). Statistically significant improvement of BCVA was seen, from LogMAR 2.03 ± 0.29 preoperatively to LogMAR 1.57 ± 0.63 postoperatively (p-value 0.014). Six eyes (42.9%) had functional success. Nine eyes (64.3%) had improvement in vision while 4 eyes (28.6%) maintained preoperative vision. 10 eyes (71.4%) underwent cataract surgery, nine eyes (64.3%) underwent SOR while 2 eyes (14.3%) had epiretinal membrane (ERM) under oil during follow-up.

Conclusion:
25G PPV combines the advantages of minimally invasive vitrectomy surgery while offering improved anatomic outcomes in patients with ARN-related RRD. The functional outcome varies depending on the status of the optic disc and macula.
Six years after manual small incision cataract surgery—Perspective from a secondary level eye hospital in Rural India
Authors: Sen Alo 
Published: February 2021

Purpose:
We assessed the long-term impact of manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS) in rural Central India using patient reported outcomes (PRO).

Methods:
841 patients undergoing MSICS by a single surgeon from January 2012 to July 2013 were included. The same patients were contacted telephonically in November 2019 and were asked to report their perceived outcome of the cataract surgery. Data on the fellow eye status were also collected. These data were compared with objective data recorded at the time of surgery.

Results:
The mean age was 61.53 ± 10.9 with 59% women. 96% had presenting visual acuity (VA) ≤5/60. 86% had visually significant cataract in the fellow eye; 2.5% were cataract blind. 85% had unaided VA ≥ 6/18 at 6 weeks. 223 patients were contactable by telephone after 6 years. 55 had expired and their relatives gave the information. Of these, 90% reported “good” outcome. PRO at 6 years and unaided VA at 6 weeks after surgery correlated significantly (P = 0.05). 40% had undergone cataract surgery of the fellow eye in the interim. Of those who reported “not good” outcome, 70% had undergone fellow eye surgery, compared with 38% in those who reported “good” outcome (P = 0.005).

Conclusion:
Telephonic PRO correlates with unaided VA 6 years after cataract surgery and could replace a follow-up visit. A PRO of poor vision in the already operated eye was the only factor correlating with fellow eye surgery.
Smartphone applications in ophthalmology
Authors: Aruljyothi Lokeshwari , Janakiraman Anuja , Malligarjun B , Babu Balasundaram Manohar 
Published: February 2021

Purpose:
There is limited information in literature about the scope and usability of Smartphone Applications (Apps) in ophthalmology. Eye care professionals are therefore skeptical about the benefits of smartphone Apps and are reluctant to adopt it in their day to day practice. The purpose of this study was to provide an updated overview of all Apps exclusive to ophthalmology.

Methods:
This study was a quantitative analysis of Smartphone Apps exclusively designed for ophthalmic care. The Apple iPhone and Google play store were searched for eye care themed Apps. Any App related to eye treatment and management such as visual acuity screening, eye education, calculators, eBooks, Low Vision Aids were included in the study. Data on the purpose of the Apps, target end-users, validation, App usage, user ratings, and App developer qualifications were documented.

Results:
As of March 2020, a total of 131 Apps exclusively dedicated for eye care were identified. 53% (69/131) were available in iPhones, 44% (58/131) in Android smartphones, and 3% in both. 32% (41/131) Apps were designed for visual acuity (VA) screening, 13% (17/131) for eye relaxation exercises, 12% (15/131) for professional education, and the remaining for Apps detecting color blindness, low vision aids, and assistance and patient education. Among the 131 Apps, 6 (4.5%) Apps are claimed by the developers as validated.

Conclusion:
This study unveils a wide range of smartphone Apps exclusive to ophthalmology and suggests guidelines to choose an appropriate App. The study also highlights the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration in the design, development, and validation of such Apps.
Primary treatment of ocular surface squamous neoplasia with topical interferon alpha-2b
Authors: Shields Carol L , Constantinescu Alexandru B , Paulose Sefy A , Yaghy Antonio , Dalvin Lauren A , Shields Jerry A , Lally Sara E 
Published: February 2021

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to evaluate tumor control of OSSN with topical IFNα2b alone based on tumor configuration (flat versus (vs.) dome-shaped).

Methods:
Retrospective, nonrandomized, interventional cohort study on 64 consecutive tumors in 63 patients with OSSN treated with topical IFNα2b. Topical IFNα2b (1 million international units/cc) was compounded and provided by the Thomas Jefferson University Hospital Pharmacy to be refrigerated and applied 4 times daily until biomicroscopic evidence of tumor resolution was observed.

Results:
The tumor configuration was flat (n = 15, 23%) or dome-shaped (n = 49, 77%). A comparison (flat vs. dome-shaped) revealed dome-shaped with older mean patient age at presentation (62 vs. 70 years, P = 0.04), greater patient history of smoking (13% vs. 42%, P = 0.04), greater corneal involvement (7% vs. 82%, P < 0.001), larger mean basal diameter (5.5 vs. 12.4 mm, P = 0.001) and mean thickness (1.9 vs. 4.3, P = 0.002), and longer mean duration IFNα2b therapy (3.7 vs. 6.3 months, P = 0.002). There was no difference in mean follow-up time (22.2 vs 23.1 months) or time to complete response (5.0 vs. 6.1 months). There was no difference in achievement of complete tumor control with IFNα2b alone (93% vs. 96%). There were no cases with metastasis or death.

Conclusion:
Topical IFNα2b alone shows excellent overall tumor control of 95% with no difference in efficacy based on tumor configuration.
Capacity building for diabetic retinopathy screening by optometrists in India
Authors: Rani Padmaja Kumari , Peguda Hari Kumar , Chandrashekher M , Swarna Sheeba , Jonnadula Ganesh Babu , James Jissa , Shinde Lakshmi , Bharadwaj Shrikant R 
Published: February 2021

Purpose:
The present study's objectives are 1) to describe a novel model of Diabetic Retinopathy Capacity Building (DRCB) for optometrists in the detection of diabetes-related retinal pathology in India and 2) to assess the outcomes of this model by comparing the ability of optometrists to detect these diseases using retinal photographs, vis-à-vis, a specialist ophthalmologist.

Methods:
The DRCB model for optometrists conducted between August 2016 and August 2018 included training, certification in the screening, and referral guidelines for Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) and hospital-and community-based service delivery. Training included a 7-month long fellowship in DR and mentored participation as cofacilitators in 1-day orientation workshops on DR screening guidelines across India. The sensitivity and specificity of study optometrists in screening for DR by fundus photography were compared to a retina specialist before certification.

Results:
A total of eight optometrists successfully completed their DR fellowship in the project duration of 24 months. The sensitivity and specificity of detection of any DR were 95 and 79%, any Diabetic macular edema (DME) was 80 and 86%. The sensitivity and specificity of detection of sight threatening DR were 88 and 90% and DME was 72% and 92% respectively. Seven workshops were cofacilitated by study optometrists training 870 optometrists in DR screening guidelines across India.

Conclusion:
The present DRCB model results advocate for an optometry coordinated DR screening in India. Lessons learnt from this model can be useful in designing community-based task sharing initiatives for optometrists in DR screening.