bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinicopathological Findings of Systemic Epstein-Barr-Positive CD8-positive T-lymphoproliferative Diseases in Younger and Older Patients&nbsp;
Authors: Wang Ziyao , Kimura Shoichi , Iwaksaki Hiromi , Takase Ken , Oshiro Yumi , Gamachi Ayako , Makihara Kosuke , Ogata Masao , Daa Tsutomu , Momosaki Seiya , Takamatsu Yasushi , Takeshita Morishige 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Systemic Epstein-Barr virus+ CD8+ T-cell lymphoma (sEBV+ CD8+ TCL) occurs in childhood and young adults, and exceptionally rare in older individuals. Methods: We investigated clinicopathological features in 16 patients of various ages with systemic EBV+ CD8+ T-lymphoproliferative diseases. Results: Eight younger and four of eight older patients had sEBV+ CD8+ TCL, with invasion by medium-sized to/or large atypical lymphocytes primarily in bone marrow and lymph nodes, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), and progressive clinicopathological course. Other two patients demonstrated EBV+ node-based CD8+ large TCL without HLH, while the remaining two had systemic form of chronic active EBV infection (sCAEBV) with CD8+ small lymphocytes. Past history of sCAEBV-like lesions was observed in one sEBV+ TCL patient (8.3%). Immunohistologically, in 12 sEBV+ TCL patients, atypical lymphocytes were positive for phosphate signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (66.7%), CMYC (83.3%), and p53 (75%). Programmed cell death-ligand (PD-L)1+ tumor cells and strong reaction of PD-L1+ non-neoplastic cells were detected in nine sEBV+ TCL patients (75%). Clonal peaks of the T-cell receptor (TCR)γ gene were detected in eight sEBV+ TCL patients by polymerase chain reaction. Four younger patients in sEBV+ TCL (33.3%) are in remission with cytotoxic therapies including etoposide, and the three underwent allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT). Conclusion: sEBV+ CD8+ TCL was observed in younger and older patients with less history of sCAEBV. HLH, tumor cell atypia, immunohistological findings, and progressive clinical course were characteristic in sEBV+ CD8+ TCL. Prompt cytotoxic treatments and SCT induced tumor regression in sEBV+ CD8+ TCL patients.
Somatic Mutations in Benign Breast Disease Tissues and Association With Breast Cancer Risk&nbsp;
Authors: Winham Stacey , Wang Chen , Heinzen Ethan P. , Bhagwate Aditya , Liu Yuanhang , McDonough Samantha J. , Stallings-Mann Melody L. , Frost Marlene H. , Vierkant Robert A. , Denison Lori A. , Carter Jodi M. , Sherman Mark E. , Radisky Derek C. , Degnim Amy C. , Cunningham Julie M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Benign breast disease (BBD) is a risk factor for breast cancer (BC); however, little is known about the genetic alterations present at the time of BBD diagnosis, and how these relate to risk of incident BC. Methods: A subset of a long-term BBD cohort was selected to examine DNA variation across three BBD groups (42 future estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) BC, 36 future estrogen receptor-negative (ER-) BC and 42 controls cancer-free for at least 16 years post-BBD). DNA extracted from archival formalin fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue blocks was tested and analyzed for presence of DNA alterations using a targeted panel of 93 BC-associated genes. To address artifacts frequently observed in FFPE tissues (e.g., C>T changes), we applied three filtering strategies based on alternative allele frequencies and nucleotide substitution context. Gene-level associations were performed using two burden tests, SKAT-O and logistic regression, and adjusted for clinical and technical covariates including epithelial percentage, histologic impression, patient age and year of BBD biopsy. Results: After filtering, the variant frequency of SNPs in our samples was highly consistent with population allele frequencies reported in 1KG/ExAC (0.986, p <1e-16). Ten genes were found to be associated with later cancer status by four of 12 association methods, with nominal p-values <0.05: MED12, MSH2, BRIP1, PMS1, GATA3, MUC16, FAM175A, EXT2, MLH1 and TGFB1. Additionally, analysis revealed 11 and 19 gene-level associations with p-values <0.05 and OR<1 for all cancer cases and ER- cases, respectively. Comparing between the three case groups, BBD ER+ cases were closer to controls in mutation profile, while BBD ER- cases were distinct. Notably, the variant burden was significantly higher in controls than in either ER+ or ER- cases. CD45 expression was associated with mutational burden (p=0.003).Conclusions: Somatic mutations were more frequent in benign breast tissue from women who did not develop cancer, opening questions of clonal diversity or immune-mediated restraint on future cancer development. CD45 expression was positively associated with mutational burden, most strongly in controls. Further studies in both normal and premalignant tissues are needed to better understand the role of somatic gene mutations and their contribution to future cancer development.
Prevalence of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (Cts) In Civil Shooters: Retrospective Neurophysiological Evaluation
Authors: Rajczewski Aleksander , Fabijański Artur , Bogusławski Ksawery , Kaźmierczak Michał , Huber Juliusz 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Shooting may impact the development of mononeuropathies in upper extremities nerves or cervical disc-root conflicts. The study aimed to assess whether shooting sports trained with a handgun by civils are a risk factor of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and other neuropathies of the upper extremity nerves.Method: Neurophysiological studies utilising electromyography (at rest-rEMG, during maximal contraction-mcEMG), electroneurography (ENG) and motor evoked potential (MEP) were applied in nine shooters (rigorously screened as positive using clinical examination for carpal tunnel syndrome among the population of 42) to confirm pathologies.Results: Increased muscle tension in rEMG and simultaneous decrease of motor units activity in mcEMG were recorded both in upper extremities of proximal and distal muscles in shooters than in healthy controls-volunteers, ENG examination confirmed CTS in shooting hand of four persons (4/42, 9,5%); all examined subjects suffered from brachial plexus pathologies on both sides (according to MEPs examinations) and two had ulnar neuropathy at the wrist on shooting side.Conclusions: Shooting is a moderate risk factor for CTS and significant for brachial plexus neuropathies.Trial registration: The Bioethics Committee of Poznan University of Medical Sciences approved the study (decision number 554/17 of 22 June 2017), performed following the Declaration of Helsinki.
Antibacterial Efficiency of Naturally Occurring Dyes and Mordants
Authors: ANSARI TAIYABA NIMRA , Iqbal Sanjeeda 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The popularity of natural dyes is increasing day by day due to their properties such as soothing colors, non carcinogenic, non hazardous and safe for environment. Some natural dyes also have been reported antibacterial properties. In present research work flowers of Butea monosperma and Tagetes erecta were used for dye extraction. Banana pseudostem sap and Punica granatum rind taken as biomordant. High performance thin layer chromatography was conducted for identification of components of Butea monosperma, Tagetes erecta, Banana (Musa sp.) pseudostem sap and Punica granatum rind. Dyeing of two types of cotton fabrics performed at pre-optimized conditions. The antibacterial activity of dyed fabrics was evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively. Research finding supported the usage of Butea monosperma, Tagetes erecta, Banana (Musa sp.) pseudostem sap and Punica granatum rind in textile dyeing process.
Reforming smallholder farms to mitigate agricultural pollution
Authors: Yu Yingliang , Hu Yu , Gu Baojing , Reis Stefan , Yang Linzhang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
China’s agriculture is dominated by smallholder farms, which have become major sources of negative environmental impacts including eutrophication, formation of haze, soil acidification, and greenhouse gas emissions. To mitigate these environmental impacts, new farming models including family farming, cooperation farming and industrial farming have emerged in recent years. However, whether these new farming practices would improve the economic and environmental performance as compared to the current smallholder farming has yet to be verified on ground level. In this paper, by using pilot farming cases within the watershed of Tai Lake, we found that alternative farming models produced 7% more crop yield, while using 8% less fertilizer, leading to an 28% decrease in pollutant emission per hectare. These alternative farming models have a 17% higher fertilizer use efficiency and 50% higher profit per hectare. Compared to smallholder farming, these alternative farming practices invest 27% more resources into agricultural facilities, including advanced machinery, and have a younger, better educated labor force as a consequence of a larger farm size and more specialization. These input changes substantially increase fertilizer use efficiency and reduce agricultural pollution. Policy arrangements to support and facilitate the uptake of these farming models will further promote the green development and sustainable intensification of agricultural production.
Influence of Feeding and Organism Age on the Acute Toxicity of Sodium Bromide to Artemia salina
Authors: Pillard David , Tapp Kelly 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Bromide is a common ion found in freshwater and marine systems. Although normally at relatively low concentrations, higher levels may occur in point-released wastewaters as well as nonpoint runoff from agricultural or industrial locations where bromide compounds are used as biocides and disinfectants. In this study, the potential toxicity of NaBr in a saltwater environment was studied using the brine shrimp, Artemia salina. The confounding factors of organism age at test initiation and pre-test feeding were included in the test design. Survival of brine shrimp nauplii in several NaBr treatments up to 11,000 mg Br−/L (measured) was assessed after 24 h in both fed- and unfed-tests. In tests with unfed organisms, only the youngest (< 24 h old) nauplii had acceptable control survival (≥90%), while control survival for all of the tests with fed organisms (< 24 h old, < 48 h old, < 72 h old) was acceptable. There was also greater and more erratic mortality in the unfed tests. These data indicate feeding A. salina prior to initiating a short-term acute test improved performance. Not feeding the test organisms, especially in longer tests or when using > 24 h old organisms, may result in excessive control mortality and an invalid test. These studies show that, when healthy organisms are used in the toxicity tests, 11,000 mg/L of Br− (~ 14,200 mg/L NaBr) is not acutely toxic to Artemia salina.
Differential effects on the toxicity and bioconcentration of hexavalent and trivalent chromium on the rotifer Lecane papuana (Rotifera: Monogononta)
Authors: Garza-León Carlos Vicente , Fernández-Flores Cecilia Alejandra , Arzate-Cárdenas3 Mario Alberto , Rubio-Franchini Isidoro , Rico-Martínez Roberto 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Heavy metals are still a matter of concern as they might reach aquatic environments due to anthropogenic activities like metal-mechanic or mining, which are part of the main economic activities in different regions around the world. The exposure to chromium may be linked to discharges from automotive and tannery industries, representing a threat to aquatic biota. In the environment, chromium presents two stable forms, the trivalent (CrIII) and the hexavalent (CrVI), which differ on their chemical properties, and thus, on their bioavailability and effects on organisms exposed to this metal. Therefore, this work was aimed to assess the effects of both chromium III and VI on the demographic responses of the rotifer Lecane papuana and describe how the bioconcentration of chromium affects survival and fecundity. For this purpose, acute toxicity (48 h) and chronic toxicity test (alterations on the intrinsic growth rate) were carried out. Moreover, the bioconcentration factor (BCF) and metal body burden (MBB) were estimated after 24-h exposure to either CrIII or CrVI. Our results indicate that CrIII was less toxic according to their respective LC50 values (CrIII = 2.613 mg/L; CrVI = 0.177 mg/L). The intrinsic growth rate was significantly affected by CrIII while CrVI caused no significant changes but only at 0.0885 mg/L, which represents 0.5 of their respective LC50 value. Bioconcentration experiments demonstrated that L. papuana accumulated more CrIII before causing deleterious effects, although it was not as toxic as CrVI, which elicited toxic effects on L. papuana at concentrations of environmental concern.
Determination of toxic elements in meat products from Serbia packaged in tinplate cans
Authors: Stojanović Branislav , Janković Saša , Đorđević Vesna , Marjanović Sonja , Vasilev Dragan , Stojanović Zdenka , Balaban Milica , Antic Vesna 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This work aimed to examine the influence of the storage period on the content of toxic elements (As, Cd, Pb, and Hg), in five types of canned meat products, which are regularly used in the Serbian Armed Forces. Cans of beef goulash (BG), pork ragout (PR), spam (SP), liver pate (LP), and meatballs in tomato sauce (MB), produced according to military standards, and stored under regular conditions (temperature up to max 25 °C and relative humidity up to max 75%), were analyzed in this research. Meat products were made according to the special military requirements, packed in tinplate cans, and stored for up to 6 years. The highest average contents of toxic elements were found to be 10.00 µg/kg for arsenic in BG, 35.91 µg/kg for cadmium in LP, 15.04 µg/kg for mercury in PR, and 8.00 µg/kg for lead in PR. The storage period did not significantly affect the level of toxic elements, although higher concentrations were found in samples stored for more than two years. The influence of raw materials, spices, and additives on the level of toxic elements in some meat products was also examined. None of the samples contained toxic elements at levels exceeding the currently maximum permitted levels. The consumption of this type of food represents a small risk to human health because the exposure of soldiers to toxic elements, calculated as weekly intake, is far below legal PTWI/TWI limits, established by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) and European Food Safety Authority (EFSA).
Comparative profiling of biofilm-production, quorum sensing system and virulence genes in human and ovine non-aureus staphylococci
Authors: Azara Elisa , Longheu Carla Maria , Attene Sonia , Sanna Silvana , Sale Marco , Addis Maria Filippa , Tola Sebastiana 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: This study assessed the genetic characteristics shared by non-aureus staphylococci (NAS) responsible for human infections and those causing mastitis in dairy ewes. In a collaboration between animal and human health care professionals, we collected and identified 125 ovine and 70 human NAS isolates and compared them for biofilm production, presence of autolysins, microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules (MSCRAMMS), pyrogenic toxins, and agr alleles regulating quorum-sensing systems. Ovine NAS included: S. epidermidis (57), S. chromogenes (29), S. haemolyticus (17), S. simulans (8), S. caprae (6), S. warneri (5), S. saprophyticus, S. intermedius, and S. muscae (1 each) while human NAS included: S. haemolyticus (28), S. epidermidis (26), S. hominis (4), S. lugdunensis (4), S. capitis (3), S. warneri (2), S. xylosus, S. pasteuri, and S. saprophyticus subsp. bovis (1 each).Results: Based on colony characteristics on Congo Red Agar, 4 (3.2%) ovine, and 49 (70%) human isolates produced biofilm. Few S. epidermidis isolates harbored the icaA/D genes coding for the polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA) and the bhp, aap, and embp genes coding biofilm accumulation proteins. PCR amplification of the genes coding for autolysins (atlE and aae), microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules (MSCRAMMs, sdrG and sdrF), enterotoxins (sea, seb, sec, sed, and see), and the toxic shock syndrome toxin (tsst), revealed that 40%, 39.2%, 47.2% and 52.8% of the sheep isolates carried atlE, aae, sdrF and sdrG, respectively, against 37.1%, 42.8%, 32.8%, and 60% of human isolates. Enterotoxins and tsst were not detected. Fifty-nine sheep isolates (all S. epidermidis, 1 S. chromogenes, and 1 S. haemolyticus) and 27 human NAS (all S. epidermidis and 1 S. warneri) were positive for the accessory gene regulator (agr), responsible for the regulation of virulence factors: agr-3se (57.8%) followed by agr-1se (36.8%) predominated in sheep, while agr-1se (65.4%), followed by agr-2se (34.6%) predominated in humans.Conclusions: This comparative study provided a detailed characterization of the putative virulence genes present in human and ovine NAS and indicated that the ability to form biofilms, observed mainly in human S. epidermidis, could be a major virulence factor facilitating colonization, infection, diffusion, and resistance.
Mathematical and Physical Analysis of the Shooting&nbsp;Techniques of High-pole Throwing Hydrangea&nbsp;
Authors: Xu Shijun , Yang Pei , Luo Ge , Zeng Cong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
By using the methods of literature and mathematical analysis, the present representative technical theory of high-pole throwing Hydrangea is analyzed, this paper analyzed the technical movements of the high-pole throwing Hydrangea of technology, such as the angle, speed and height of release of the athletes, as well as the running track data of the parabolic arc top height, the range of passing circle and the place of falling of the high-pole throwing Hydrangea champion in the 12th Guangxi Student Games in 2019. The results show that: the range of the angle of release is 640≤ α ≤720; when the angle of release is 640 lower limit, the velocity of release is v0≥13.04m/s lower limit, when the ball reaches the highest point, it passes through the lower edge of the circle. When the angle of release is 720 upper limit, the velocity of release isv0≥13.17m/s, the top of the arc of the ball is 1.8m away from the top of the circle, and it passes through the lower edge of the circle when it falls; when the angle of release is 660, the velocity of release is v0≤13.70m/s upper limit and the ball passes through the upper edge of the circle when it rises to the highest point; under the three circumstances, the arc top of the ball does not exceed the circle, and the height from the ground does not exceed 10m. At the same time, it proves the scientificity and reliability of the projection technique of Hydrangea.
Tracking the Progression &amp; Influence of Beta-Amyloid Plaques Using Percolation Centrality and Collective Influence Algorithm: A Study using PET images
Authors: Kumar Gautam , Prasad Raghav , Mahajan Pranav , Baths Veeky 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Network analysis allows investigators to explore the many facets of brain networks, particularly the proliferation of disease, using graph theory to model the disease movement. One of the hypotheses behind the disruption in brain networks in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the abnormal accumulation of beta-amyloid plaques and tau protein tangles. In this study, the potential use of percolation centrality to study the movement of beta-amyloids, as a feature of given PET image-based networks, is studied. The PET image-based network construction is possible using a public access database - Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, which provided 551 scans. For each image, the Julich atlas provides 121 regions of interest, which are the network nodes. Besides, the inﬂuential nodes for each scan are calculated using the collective inﬂuence algorithm.Results: Analysis of variance (p¡0.05) yields the region of interest GM Superior parietal lobule 7A L, for which percolation centrality is signiﬁcant irrespective of the tracer type. Pairwise variance analysis between the clinical groups provides ﬁve and twelve Regions of Interest for AV45 and PiB. Multivariate linear regression between the percolation centrality values for nodes and psychometric assessment scores reveals Mini-Mental State Examination is a reliable metric. Finally, a ranking of the regions of interest is made based on the collective inﬂuence algorithm to indicate the anatomical areas strongly inﬂuencing the beta-amyloid network. Through this study, it is possible to use percolation centrality values to indicate the regions of interest that reﬂect the disease’s spread.
Modified Lorentz transformations and quantum mechanics
Authors: Hwang Jae-Kwang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We live in the 4-D Euclidean space. The 4th dimension is assigned as the absolute time (ct) axis and energy axis (cPt = E0) based on 4-dimensional Euclidean space. This 4th dimension can be indirectly felt through the observable relative time (ctl) and observable total energy (cPtl = E). The space-time distance is d(x1x2x3x4) = ctl. The modified Lorentz transformations are introduced by the time-matching of the absolute times in the 4-D Euclidean space. The size of x’ (or Dx’) of the moving object is expanded to the size of x = gx’ (or Dx = gDx’). These modified Lorentz transformations are approximated to the Lorentz transformations as t à tl when v/c << 1 and to the Galilean transformations as v/c is close to zero. The relative time (tl) and energy (E) are defined as the 4-dimensional distance and 4-dimensional volume, respectively. The geometrical space-time shape has the (x1,x2,x3,ct) coordinate system with the metric signature of (+ + + +) but not the (x1,x2,x3,ctl) coordinate system with the metric signature of (+ - - -). Therefore, d(x1x2x3x4)2 = (ctl)2 = (ct)2 +x2 = x12 + x22 + x32 + x42 and V(x1x2x3x4) = E = mc2 = D(ct)Dx1Dx2Dx3 from (x1,x2,x3,x4) of the geometrical space-time shape. The warped shape can be described as the wave function of the quantum mechanics. The instant force action, twin paradox and possible space travel are explained by the absolute time and wave function collapse of the modified Lorentz transformations and quantum mechanics.