bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A microRNA signature of response to erlotinib is impacted by the EMT‐ inducing cytokine TGFβ1
Authors: Krentz Madeline , Astley Rebecca , Black Esther 
Published: June 2021

PurposeWe endeavored to understand the contribution of canonical TGFβ signaling on expression of a 13‐gene microRNA (miR) signature of erlotinib response.BackgroundWe identified a 13‐gene miRNA signature predictive of response to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor, erlotinib, in Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) cell lines. Bioinformatic analysis of the signature showed a functional convergence on TGFβ canonical signaling. We hypothesize that TGFβ signaling controls expression of the miR genes comprising an erlotinib response signature in NSCLC.MethodsTwo signature miR genes (miR‐140‐3p and miR‐141) were chosen for study. Promoters regions of both genes harbor putative Smad Binding Elements (SBEs), DNA binding domains for TGFβ‐responsive Smad transcription factors. TGFβ signaling impact on miR‐140 and ‐141 expression was assessed in erlotinib‐resistant (A549) and –sensitive (PC9) NSCLC cells by quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR), luciferase reporter assays, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP).Results(1) qRT‐PCR showed endogenous miR 140/141 expression decreased after short term TGFβ1 treatment in both cell lines. After 7 days of treatment, the trend continued. (2) The promoter region of miR‐141, containing 6 SBEs, was cloned into a luciferase reporter vector. The miR‐141 luciferase construct is responsive to TGFβ stimulation like that seen in qRT‐PCR. (3) ChIP experiments will assess specific Smad complexes binding SBE sites.ConclusionWe expected that canonical TGFβ signaling molecules, Smads, bind to and control miR genes with SBEs in A549 cells. In PC9 cells, some miR genes likely control Smad protein expression while a non‐canonical TGFβ response may regulate signature miR expressionCollege funds were used.
PKCδVIII and Bcl2 Increase Ovarian Cancer Survival via LncRNA NEAT1 Secreted by Obese Adipose Derived Stem Cells
Authors: Patel Niketa , Morris Amanda , Patel Rekha , Carter Gay , Cooper Denise , Murr Michel 
Published: June 2021

Ovarian cancer remains the most common cause of death from gynecologic malignancy in US. The impact of obesity on the incidence and treatment of gynecologic cancer is growing in importance. Little is known about the molecular factors obesity imparts to the cancer niche that account for this relationship. Adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSC) can be isolated from stromal vascular fraction of abdominal white adipose tissue. We isolated and differentiated ADSC into adipocytes and previously showed that ADSC derived from lean and obese patients have distinct differences in gene expression. We evaluated the possibility that the secretome of obese ADSC could have paracrine effects on ovarian cells promoting growth and development of cancer cells. We show that NEAT1 levels secreted by ADSC from obese patients (ADSCo) were considerably higher than from normal ADSC both in cells and its secretome. Ovarian cancer high mortality rates are further exacerbated by cisplatin‐resistant cancers. Our data shows cisplatin‐resistant ovarian cells TOV‐112D cells had 5–fold higher expression of the survival protein Bcl2, and 10‐fold higher PKCδVIII, a signaling kinase which upregulates expression of Bcl2. Further, NEAT1 secreted from ADSCo increases Bcl2 and PKCδVIII expression. Cell proliferation assays and migration assays indicated that ADSCo‐CM increase TOV112D tumor cell migration. When ADSC NEAT1 was silenced, tumor cell migration decreased. These results indicate that the deleterious paracrine effects of genetically modified ADSC from obese patients may contribute to the poorer oncologic outcomes of ovarian cancer.Supported by VA Merit Grant awarded to N.A.P.
Socio‐Ecological Determinants of Type 2 Diabetes among South‐Indians: Influence of Sedentary Behaviours and High Energy Intakes
Authors: Bermudez Odilia , Vanzan Hari , Ravi Sripriya , Thanikachalam Sadagopan , Vasudevan Preethi , Must Aviva , Thanikachalam Mohan 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo examine the association between energy intakes (EI) and physical activity (PA) levels with prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) among adults from the state of Tamil Nadu, IndiaMethodsPURSE‐HIS is an ongoing population‐based study following a sample of 8080 adults, men and women, >20y from rural, semi‐urban and urban areas of Chennai City, Tamil Nadu. Participants were assessed by questionnaire for PA, EI with 24‐hr recalls and prevalence of T2D by history or oral glucose tolerance test. SES was assessed with the Kuppuswamy index.ResultsIn the low SES group, 74% of men and women had moderate PA across rural, semi urban and urban areas. High PA was reported by only 5% of the sample with more (11%) of rural men reporting high PA. Women with high PA had lower EI than recommendations with highest deficit in rural women (18%). Men with high PA in rural and semi urban areas had EI deficits of 18% and 8%. Across areas and sexes with low and moderate PA, excess EI was seen. Among men highest excess in EI was seen in urban (40%) and semi urban (36%) men with low PA (p< 0.01). Low PA was associated with highest prevalence of T2D among rural (25%), semi urban (26%) and urban (30%) women. Among men, highest prevalence of T2D (26%) was in the low and moderate PA groups of all three areas. Significant association were seen among low PA, excess EI and prevalence of T2D across sex and regions (p <0.01).Key findingsLow physical activity and excess energy intake are associated with higher prevalence of T2D in the low socio‐economic groups.
Global Update and Trends in Hidden Hunger, 1995‐2011
Authors: Ruel‐Bergeron Julie , Stevens Gretchen , Sugimoto Jonathan , Roos Franz , Ezzati Majid , Black Robert , Kraemer Klaus 
Published: June 2021

In order to track progress in reducing the persistent burden of micronutrient deficiencies globally, a Hidden Hunger Index (HHI) was developed in 2013. The index is calculated using an unweighted average of prevalence of iron‐deficiency anemia, vitamin A deficiency and stunting (used as a proxy for zinc deficiency). Using newly available data, we updated the HHI in 2014 and assessed progress globally and in 7 regions between 1995‐2011 using population weighted means. Globally, the burden of hidden hunger declined (‐6.7 net change) from 1995‐2011; improvements were observed for all regions except Africa where the HHI increased (+1.9); East Asia and the Pacific performed exceptionally well (‐13.0).

Region
n
Net HHI change 1995‐2011Mean (SE)
HHI 1995Mean (SE)
HHI 2000Mean (SE)
HHI 2005Mean (SE)
HHI 2011Mean (SE)

Africa
46
1.90 (0.11)
35.43 (0.76)
36.85 (0.75)
37.61 (0.69)
37.33 (0.58)

West and Central Africa
24
2.74 (0.12)
34.58 (0.84)
36.34 (0.87)
37.13 (0.85)
37.32 (0.79)

East and Southern Africa
22
1.06 (0.19)
36.29 (1.29)
37.36 (1.24)
38.08 (1.10)
37.34 (0.87)

Americas
33
‐4.83 (0.07)
17.76 (0.68)
15.24 (0.65)
13.85 (0.62)
12.93 (0.53)

Central America
8
‐6.07 (0.11)
20.71 (1.21)
17.63 (1.15)
15.78 (1.18)
14.65 (1.14)

South America
11
‐4.48 (0.10)
16.61 (1.01)
14.25 (1.03)
13.00 (1.41)
12.13 (0.73)

Caribbean
14
‐3.41 (0.06)
17.33 (1.54)
15.38 (1.48)
14.49 (1.41)
13.92 (1.38)

Middle East and North Africa
20
‐3.44 (0.11)
21.67 (1.48)
19.77 (1.61)
19.11 (1.67)
18.23 (1.66)

Middle East
14
‐4.37 (0.07)
20.87 (1.85)
18.67 (1.80)
17.68 (1.84)
16.49 (1.85)

North Africa
6
‐2.47 (0.21)
22.51 (2.70)
20.92 (3.22)
20.60 (3.36)
20.03 (3.24)

Central and Eastern Europe
9
‐4.74 (0.07)
20.06 (1.24)
18.10 (1.41)
16.62 (1.30)
13.33 (1.07)

South Asia
8
‐4.40 (0.21)
40.14 (0.98)
38.63 (1.04)
37.57 (1.08)
35.75 (1.06)

East Asia and the Pacific
21
‐12.97 (0.11)
25.97 (1.42)
19.51 (1.48)
15.17 (1.40)
13.00 (1.18)

Global
138
‐6.72 (0.12)
29.96 (0.81)
26.86 (0.95)
24.81 (1.04)
23.25 (1.04)

imageImprovements in HHI were mostly attributable to reductions in zinc and vitamin A deficiencies, whereas iron‐deficiency anemia persisted and even increased in some regions. The HHI was also shown to be highly correlated with other global indices of hunger and development such as the Human Development Index and Global Hunger Index (r=0.91 and r=0.83, respectively). The HHI is a useful tool that can help track the impact of programs and policies aimed at reducing micronutrient deficiencies, and monitor achievement of the current and future Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Sight and Life provided funding to support the preparation of this manuscript.
Iron and Complementary Feeding of Breast‐fed Infants: Impact on Gut Inflammation and Microbiota
Authors: Friel James , Azad Elnaz , Azad Meghan , Qasem Wafaa , Cai Chenxi , Kafipour Eshan 
Published: June 2021

RationaleThe American Pediatric Society recommends that iron fortified cereal (most iron unabsorbed) or meat (most iron absorbed) be introduced to breast‐fed infants at six months of age.ObjectivesTo assess the impact of recommended first solid foods for exclusively breast‐fed infants on gut microbiota and gut inflammation.MethodsNinety exclusively breastfed infants were randomized to 1 of 3 groups: iron fortified cereal (FeCer), iron fortified cereal with fruit (FeCer+Fr) or meat (M). Fecal samples were collected before introduction of study foods (4‐5.5 months) and 3 weeks after. Fecal iron was measured by spectrophotometry and calprotectin by ELISA. Gut microbiota were characterized by Illumina sequencing of the 16S rRNA (V4 region).<span style=”mso‐spa
Food Insecurity and its Association with Depression among Injection Drug Users (IDUs) with or without HIV in Chennai, India
Authors: Sackey Joachim , Chui Kenneth , Tang Alice 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundHIV prevalence among IDUs in Chennai is 30‐60%. We have previously shown that there is high food insecurity in this population and depression is a psychological consequence of food insecurity.ObjectiveTo investigate how changes in food insecurity affect changes in depressive symptoms in a cohort of current and former IDUs.Methods: 201 recruited men were followed up every six months between 2007 and 2010 with food insecurity, depressive symptoms, and BMI (in kg/m2) measured each time. Food insecurity was measured by the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (possible range:0‐27) and depressive symptoms by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (possible range:0‐60).Results andConclusionOver the 3‐years, current IDUs had a 2.6 point (95%CI:4.0, 1.1) higher score on the scale for depressive symptoms compared to non‐current IDUs (p=0.0006). A unit increase in BMI was associated with a 0.4 point reduction in depressive symptoms over time (p=0.0005). There was a significant interaction between food insecurity and time (p<0.0001): At baseline, participants who were more food insecure had higher depressive symptoms than those less food insecure. The strength of this association decreased over time.HIV status was not associated with depressive symptoms. Interventions to improve nutritional status and reduce drug use can reduce depressive symptoms in this population. Further studies are needed to better elucidate the factors that influence the strength of the association between depression and food insecurity.Grant Funding Source: P30DA013868, R01DA022163
Malnutrition and Food Insecurity in Beneficiary Households from Food Assistance Programs in SLP, Mexico
Authors: Cuevas‐Nasu Lucia , Shamah‐Levy Teresa , Gaona‐Pineda Elsa , Mendez‐Gomez Humaran Ignacio , Avila‐Arcos Marco 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveEstimate adjusted prevalence of food assistance in households with beneficiary infants from food assistance programs and its association with nutritional status.Methods: Comparative study to assessing the impact from three different food assistance programs: Prospera program (before Oportunidades); Rescue to malnutrition with amaranth (RMA) and School breakfast program (SBP) versus control group. Were analyzed 1366 households were children under 5y old live in. To measure Food Insecurity (IF) the Latin American and Caribbean household food Security measurement scale (ELCSA) were used. Nutritional status was assessed through height and weight z‐score to age and body mass index by WHO, 2006. We present OR, p value prevalence for each indicator.Results: OR for stunting was significantly higher for RMA (1.92, p=0.003) and Prospera (1.50, p=0.04) in comparison with control group. The prevalence of stunting adjusted by sex, age and socio economic status was higher in households with FI moderate and sever as follows Prospera 23.3% and 20.2%; RMA 20.5% and 19.1%, respectively in comparison with control group (13% in both categories of FI). The SBP has prevalence similar to control group (13%). In contrast, children with FI have higher prevalence of overweigh or obesity.ConclusionsThe study population displays consistency with epidemiological and nutrition reality of the country. A high proportion of household's beneficiary from any food assistance program perceives food insecurity these may even be sacrificing the quality of family diet.Supported by FOMIX, SLP‐COPOCYTProject: FMSLP‐213‐CO2‐208475
Gender Disparities in Perceived Life Satisfaction within Food Insecure Populations
Authors: Graham Elizabeth , Ballard Terri , Viviani Sara , DelGrossi Mauro , Melgar‐Quiñonez Hugo 
Published: June 2021

The experience of food insecurity (FI) may be lived differently by men and women; little is known about gender differences in perceived life satisfaction (LS) at the same levels of FI. It is hypothesized that FI is a strong determinant of low LS and that at the same FI level, women will report lower perceived LS than men. Preliminary analysis used data from 12 Asian and 4 Middle Eastern (ME) countries collected by the Gallup World Poll in 2014, a nationally representative survey of adult individuals worldwide. Cross tab analyses and multiple logistic regression were used to investigate whether being food insecure and being female were risk factors for low LS, controlling for age and marital status. Two dichotomous indicators, LS and FI, were created: one using a single question adapted from The Cantril Self‐Anchoring Striving Scale; and another based on results of the Food Insecurity Experience Scale. FI was significantly associated with low LS in all 16 countries explored (OR: 2.06‐5.43). Contrary to the hypothesis, in 3 out of 4 ME countries women were significantly less likely than men to report low LS (OR: .478‐.602) at the same FI level. Similarly, in all but 2 Asian countries women were less likely than men to report low LS at the same FI level, with statistically significant ORs < 1.0 in 7 countries (OR:.64‐.79). Exploratory analysis shows women were more likely to be FI than men in all except 2 countries. Perceptions of life satisfaction differ within food insecure populations, notably between genders. This calls for continued research on why LS is viewed differently by men and women, what the consequences are then for FI populations, and what implications exist for policies aimed at promoting food security.
Prenatal food insecurity: how is it related to pregnancy and birth outcomes among low‐income women
Authors: Nunnery Danielle , Dharod Jigna 
Published: June 2021

The objectives were 1) To assess the occurrence/severity of food insecurity; and 2) Examine total weight gain, birth weight, and associations with prenatal food insecurity among low‐income pregnant women.Women meeting the following criteria: 1) receiving WIC, 2) 蠅 18 years, and 3) in 2nd trimester, were recruited.Women were interviewed at the WIC clinic to collect socio‐demographic data, food security status and pre‐pregnancy BMI. Food security was measured using USDA Food Security scale. Upon delivery, review of pre/post natal records was conducted to collect maternal weight gain, gestational age and birth weight of infants.In total, 198 pregnant women were recruited. On average participant's monthly income was $576. Half of participants were African American, 21% white and remaining were Hispanic and other origins. Low/very low food security was reported by 51%. A majority of participants (63%) had pre‐pregnancy BMIs in overweight/obese categories. Depression during pregnancy was significantly higher among participants experiencing low/very low food security (p = 0.02). Of the 60 women who delivered babies, only 27% met the IOM recommendations for pregnancy weight gain. Almost 1/3 of newborns had non‐normal birth‐weight (<5.8 lb or >8.0 lb). Though not significant, an overweight/obese pre‐pregnancy BMI was more common among food secure/marginally secure women.In conclusion, food insecurity appears to be common among low‐income women. They may also be at higher risk of poor pregnancy outcomes as this sample indicates that they are gaining above IOM recommendations and starting pregnancy with higher BMIs. This highlights a need to further examine the role prenatal food insecurity plays in predicting pediatric obesity by mediating weight gain and birth weight. Funded by: NCATS‐NIH, grant #1UL1TR001111.
Micronutrient Intake in Children in Puerto Rico and the Contribution of Dietary Supplement Use
Authors: Lopez‐Cepero Andrea , Torres Roxana , Elias‐Boneta Augusto , Rosal Milagros , Palacios Cristina 
Published: June 2021

Multivitamin and multimineral (MVMM) supplement use in children is associated with adequate intake of micronutrients. This has not been properly studied in Hispanic children.ObjectiveTo assess micronutrient intake and contribution of MVMM supplements in 12‐year‐old children in Puerto Rico (PR). Methods: As part of an “island‐wide” study in 1,550 children, diet and supplement use were assessed with a 24hr recall in a representative subsample (n=796). Micronutrient intake was compared among MVMM users and non‐users from food and beverages sources and supplements using t‐test.ResultsIn this analysis, only children using MVMM (9.3%) or not using any supplements and with complete data were included (n=732). Overall, the following nutrients were below the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) from food and beverages: vitamins A, D, E, and K, pantothenic acid, calcium and magnesium. Users had higher intakes of folate and riboflavin from the diet. When nutrients from supplements were added, users had higher intakes of all nutrients except vitamin K. Among non‐users, boys had higher intakes of calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, zinc, and most B vitamins than girls. Essential nutrients for bone mass accretion (calcium, magnesium and vitamins D and K) were below the DRIs. When supplements were taken into account, intakes of these nutrients, except vitamin D, were still below the DRIs.ConclusionUse of MVMM supplements helped reach the DRIs but important nutrients are still below recommendations. Public health measures to improve micronutrient intake among children in PR are needed.
Dietary Inflammatory Index Scores and C‐Reactive Protein Concentrations among Older Adults
Authors: Houdek J , Tangney C , Roehl K , Varady K , Shivappa N , Hebert J , Bennett D , Morris M 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundThe dietary inflammatory index (DII) is a literature‐derived population based index that has been devised to assess the inflammatory potential of one's diet. It has been previously validated in young and middle aged cohorts in the United States, Australia, and Netherlands.ObjectiveTo assess whether the DII is associated with serum concentrations of high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hsCRP) among older adults.Design/MethodsA cross‐sectional examination within the Memory and Aging Project of adults aged 蠅65 years. Further testing of the DII was performed among 376 older adults using dietary data from a 144‐item food frequency questionnaire. Serum concentrations of hsCRP were measured using Multiplex ELISA arrays. Logistic regression analyses were performed for hsCRP (>3 mg/L) and DII scores while controlling for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and smoking history.ResultsCalculated DII scores ranged from ‐5.09, reflective of a strongly anti‐inflammatory diet, to +4.72, indicating a pro‐inflammatory diet, with mean±SD of ‐1.06±2.28. Participants were 80±6 years of age, and mostly non‐Hispanic white (96.8%) and female (71.8%); the average BMI was 27.1±5.2 kg/m2. DII scores were positively associated with serum hsCRP (OR=1.13 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02, 1.25) and BMI (OR=1.08 (95% CI 1.03, 1.12).ConclusionDII scores were associated with hsCRP concentrations among overweight, older adults enhancing the generalizability of this tool.Support: R01AG031553, R01AG17917, and the Rush Translational Sciences Consortium.
An Examination of Nutritional Status and Acculturation among Chinese Senior Immigrants Living in Northern Virginia
Authors: Dong Mengyi , Sun Yingxin , Pawloski Lisa 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between nutrition status and acculturation among first generation Chinese senior immigrants.Methods: This descriptive study used a convenience sample from 43 Chinese senior immigrants (ages 66 to 100 years) living in Northern Virginia for 6 to 42 years. Data included: anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, and acculturation indicators. T‐tests determined relationships between length of time in the US and nutrition.Results: 83.8% of participants completed some higher education. 28.6% were overweight and 4.8% were underweight. Those who have higher education, and have been in the US for more than 30 years have significantly higher body mass index (BMI, p=0.026), waist circumference (p=0.016) and waist‐hip‐ratio (p=0.016) than those who have been in the US for less than 30 years. Mean BMI was 26.1 (>= 30 years in the US) and 22.6 (< 30 years in the US) respectively. 43.9% of all participants had systolic pressure over 140 mmHg.ConclusionsThere is little evidence of obesity in this population. As with other immigrant groups in the U.S., the greater the length of time living in the US, the greater risk of obesity. This study presents one of first to examine nutritional status among Chinese senior immigrants.
A Comparison of Differently Processed Orange Beverages on Self‐Reported Ratings of Hunger and Fullness
Authors: Saunders Caroline , Harkness Laura , Rowland Ian 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundIt is well documented that fruit has a strong effect on self‐reported ratings of appetite yet the effects of processing on these effects are less well understood.MethodsWe used a randomized cross over design in 24 normal weight adult subjects (M=17, F=7). Subjects fasted for 12 hours then consumed a standardized breakfast followed by 8 fl oz of either a water control (WC), 100% pure orange juice without pulp (OJWP), processed whole orange (PWO) that contained more fiber than OJWP, or whole orange (WO). Self reported ratings of hunger and fullness (4 questions), measured by Visual Analogue Scales, were collected at baseline and every 15 minutes for the next 2 hours.ResultsResults of a two way repeated measures ANOVA, with baseline as a covariate, showed that all 3 interventions reduced hunger (figure 1) and increased fullness (figure 2) compared to the WC control; OJWP (p<0.0001), PWO (p<0.0001) and WO (p<0.0001). PWO reduced hunger and increased fullness to a greater extent than OJWP (p<0.0001) and to a similar extent as WO (p>0.05).
image
imageConclusionThese findings suggest that retaining the naturally occurring levels of fiber in orange juice can result in a product which has a strong effect on self‐reported ratings of hunger and fullness which are comparable to that of the whole fruit.