bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implications of component size and calibration error on digital templating for total hip arthroplasty. A visual matrix from a simple mathematical model
Authors: Boese Christoph Kolja , Rolvien Tim , Trost Matthias , Frink Michael , Hubert Jan , Beil Frank Timo , Ries Christian 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objective
Preoperative digital templating is a standard procedure in total hip arthroplasty. Deviations between template size and final implant size may result from inaccurate calibration, templating as well as intraoperative decisions. So far, the explicit effect of calibration errors on templating has not been addressed adequately.

Materials and Methods
A mathematical simulation of calibration errors up to ± 24% was applied to the templating of acetabular cups (38 to 72 mm diameter). The effect of calibration errors on template component size as deviation from optimal size was calculated.

Results
The relationship between calibration error and component size deviation is inverse and linear. Calibration errors have a more pronounced effect on larger component sizes. Calibration errors of 2–6% result in templating errors of up to two component sizes. Common errors of up to 12% may result in templating errors of 3–4 sizes for common implant sizes. A tabular matrix visualizes the effect.

Conclusion
Calibration errors play a significant role in component size selection during digital templating. Orthopedic surgeons should be aware of this effect and try to identify and address this source of error.
Effect of Chemical Potential and Atomic-Scale Vibration of Nucleant Surface on Liquid Layering and Heterogeneous Nucleation
Authors: Ma Sida , Dong Zihui , Zong Nanfu , Jing Tao , Dong Hongbiao 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study reveals the key role of chemical potential and atomic-scale vibration of the nucleant surface in dictating pre-nucleation liquid-layering and heterogenous nucleation. The effect of potential-well depth D
w and vibration strength

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β
¯

std

of the nucleant surface on the layering and nucleation was examined. We found that nucleants with larger D
w and smaller

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β
¯

std

induce more ordered pre-nucleation layers to enhance nucleation, and proposed that D
w and

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β
¯

std

shall be considered when searching for effective nucleants.
The Gut Microbiome: a New Frontier in Musculoskeletal Research
Authors: Li R. , Boer C. G. , Oei L. , Medina-Gomez Carolina 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose of the review
The human gut harbors a complex community of microbes that influence many processes regulating musculoskeletal development and homeostasis. This review gives an update on the current knowledge surrounding the impact of the gut microbiota on musculoskeletal health, with an emphasis on research conducted over the last three years.

Recent findings
The gut microbiota and their metabolites are associated with sarcopenia, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis. The field is moving fast from describing simple correlations to pursue establishing causation through clinical trials.

Summary
The gut microbiota and their microbial-synthesized metabolites hold promise for offering new potential alternatives for the prevention and treatment of musculoskeletal diseases given its malleability and response to environmental stimuli.
Exploring biological possibility through synthetic biology
Authors: Ijäs Tero , Koskinen Rami 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper analyzes the notion of possibility in biology and demonstrates how synthetic biology can provide understanding on the modal dimension of biological systems. Among modal concepts, biological possibility has received surprisingly little explicit treatment in the philosophy of science. The aim of this paper is to argue for the importance of the notion of biological possibility by showing how it provides both a philosophically and biologically fruitful category as well as introducing a new practically grounded way for its assessment. More precisely, we argue that synthetic biology can provide tools to scientifically anchor reasoning about biological possibilities. Two prominent strategies for this are identified and analyzed: the designof functionally new-to-nature systems and the redesignof naturally occurring systems and their parts. These approaches allow synthetic biologists to explore systems that are not normally evolutionarily accessible and draw modal inferences that extend in scope beyond their token realizations. Subsequently, these results in synthetic biology can also be relevant for discussions on evolutionary contingency, providing new methods and insight to the study of various sources of unactualized possibilities in biology.
Water-based lubrication of niobium nitride
Authors: Miao Kaifei , Wang Jia , Zhao Qiang , Wang Kaiwen , Wen Mao , Zhang Kan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWater-based lubrication has attracted wide attention as an oil-free lubrication method owing to its greener and cleaner lubrication means. However, due to operating in the water environment, most moving parts would inevitably suffer from abrasion, rusting, and aging problems. Developing a novel solid-water composite system with ultra-low friction and wear will open new possibilities for innovative lubrication material research and development. Here, we first revealed the water-based lubrication behavior of a high-hardness niobium nitride coating (NbN). In a three-phase contact environment (water, air, and NbN), oxidation and hydrolytic reactions of NbN result in the formation of “colloidal solutions”, containing Nb2O5 colloidal particles between the tribo-pairs. Utilizing the double electric layer repulsion and weak shear action of the “colloidal solution”, NbN achieves ultra-low friction and wear; the corresponding values are as low as 0.058 and 1.79 × 10−10 mm3·N−1·m−1, respectively. In addition, other VB transition metal nitrides (VB TMNs) exhibit the same low friction feature as NbN in the three-phase contact environment; the friction coefficients are even lower than those in an oil-based environment. The water-based lubrication of VB TMNs provides a new reliable scheme for optimizing solid-water composite lubrication systems without additives and is expected to be applied in environments with high humidity or insufficient water coverage.
Subsidy strategy of sharing logistics platform
Authors: Cai Yingzhen , Bai Lan , Jiang Fan , Yin Shi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSharing logistics platform can effectively realize the sharing of idle logistics resources and maximize the utility of logistics resources utilization by publishing and matching the supply and demand information of logistics resource. For sharing logistics platform, subsidy strategy plays a significant role in winning market competition. Therefore, how to establish an effective subsidy scheme is a burning issue. By analyzing the problems in the transaction orders of drivers and consignor on the sharing logistics platform, this paper estimates the subsidy strategy on the following three aspects: (1) establish a dynamic model of freight supply and demand matching according to the freight cost and determine the impact of different subsidy policies on the platform usage; (2) evaluate the solution of different subsidy policies to the matching problem of vehicles and goods, and determine the optimal subsidy scheme based on the evaluation results; (3) establish the subsidy model based on platform maximum benefit and social welfare optimization and analyze a practical case of "Huochebang" (a Sharing logistics platform). The analysis results show that the model constructed in this paper can be well applied to the subsidy problem of sharing logistics platform and assist the platform to establish the most suitable subsidy policy to achieve the optimal economic benefits.
Effect of bimodal powder blends on part density and melt pool fluctuation in laser powder bed fusion
Authors: Haferkamp Lukas , Liechti Simon , Spierings Adriaan , Wegener Konrad 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe final part density in laser powder bed fusion is influenced by the powder particle size distribution. Too fine powders are not spreadable, and too coarse powders cause porosity. Powder blends, especially bimodal ones, can exhibit higher packing densities and changes in flowability compared to their monomodal constituents. These properties can influence final part density. Therefore, the influence of bimodal powder on final part density was investigated. Two gas atomized 316L (1.4404) powders with a D50 of 20.3 µm and 60.3 µm were blended at weight ratios of 3:1, 1:1, and 1:3, and the original and blended powders were processed. The results show that the final part porosity increases almost linearly with an increasing volume fraction of coarse powder. Furthermore, the final part density is independent of powder bulk density and flowability. Measurements of the top surface show that an increase of part porosity by coarse powder is caused by an increase in melt pool fluctuation, which in turn causes irregular solidified scan tracks. Additionally, the results show that the powder segregation during coating is stronger for the bimodal powder; however, no influence of the segregation on the part density could be found.
An obstacles avoidance method for serial manipulator based on reinforcement learning and Artificial Potential Field
Authors: Li Haoxuan , Gong Daoxiong , Yu Jianjun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe obstacles avoidance of manipulator is a hot issue in the field of robot control. Artificial Potential Field Method (APFM) is a widely used obstacles avoidance path planning method, which has prominent advantages. However, APFM also has some shortcomings, which include the inefficiency of avoiding obstacles close to target or dynamic obstacles. In view of the shortcomings of APFM, Reinforcement Learning (RL) only needs an automatic learning model to continuously improve itself in the specified environment, which makes it capable of optimizing APFM theoretically. In this paper, we introduce an approach hybridizing RL and APFM to solve those problems. We define the concepts of Distance reinforcement factors (DRF) and Force reinforcement factors (FRF) to make RL and APFM integrated more effectively. We disassemble the reward function of RL into two parts through DRF and FRF, and make them activate in different situations to optimize APFM. Our method can obtain better obstacles avoidance performance through finding the optimal strategy by RL, and the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is verified by multiple sets of simulation experiments, comparative experiments and physical experiments in different types of obstacles. Our approach is superior to traditional APFM and the other improved APFM method in avoiding collisions and approaching obstacles avoidance. At the same time, physical experiments verify the practicality of the proposed algorithm.
FINDING THE LIMIT OF INCOMPLETENESS I
Authors: CHENG YONG 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we examine the limit of applicability of Gödel’s first incompleteness theorem ($\textsf {G1}$ for short). We first define the notion “$\textsf {G1}$ holds for the theory $T$”. This paper is motivated by the following question: can we find a theory with a minimal degree of interpretation for which $\textsf {G1}$ holds. To approach this question, we first examine the following question: is there a theory T such that Robinson’s $\mathbf {R}$ interprets T but T does not interpret $\mathbf {R}$ (i.e., T is weaker than $\mathbf {R}$ w.r.t. interpretation) and $\textsf {G1}$ holds for T? In this paper, we show that there are many such theories based on Jeřábek’s work using some model theory. We prove that for each recursively inseparable pair $\langle A,B\rangle $, we can construct a r.e. theory $U_{\langle A,B\rangle }$ such that $U_{\langle A,B\rangle }$ is weaker than $\mathbf {R}$ w.r.t. interpretation and $\textsf {G1}$ holds for $U_{\langle A,B\rangle }$. As a corollary, we answer a question from Albert Visser. Moreover, we prove that for any Turing degree $\mathbf {0}< \mathbf {d}<\mathbf {0}^{\prime }$, there is a theory T with Turing degree $\mathbf {d}$ such that $\textsf {G1}$ holds for T and T is weaker than $\mathbf {R}$ w.r.t. Turing reducibility. As a corollary, based on Shoenfield’s work using some recursion theory, we show that there is no theory with a minimal degree of Turing reducibility for which $\textsf {G1}$ holds.
ATTIS ON OGYGIA: CATULLUS’ CARMEN 63 AND THE ODYSSEY
Authors: Kozlowski Jan M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractScholars have long noticed a similarity of motifs between Catullus’ Carmen 63 and the fifth book of the Odyssey, where the story of Odysseus’ captivity on Ogygia is narrated. A detailed analysis of the poems shows that Catullus wanted the reader to see in this Homeric episode a kind of matrix for the interpretation of Attis’ sojourn at Cybele. The discovery of this dependence casts a light on some of the hitherto proposed interpretations of Carmen 63.
A piercing story: ingestion of a grill wire brush bristle
Authors: Chen R , Koh J , Zhao Y C , Pudel E 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis paper reports the dangers of an ingested metal wire bristle from a barbeque brush, which resulted in oesophageal perforation.Case reportA 49-year-old gentleman presented to the emergency department with foreign body sensation and odynophagia after having consumed barbequed lamb for lunch. Computed tomography of the neck demonstrated a thin linear opacity near the thoracic inlet. The object could not be visualised on emergent rigid oesophagoscopy. Subsequent neck exploration enabled localisation of a retropharyngeal abscess and a thin wire bristle from a barbeque brush.ConclusionAlways consider the utensils employed in food preparation as a differential in ingested foreign bodies. Thin wire objects have a high propensity to migrate and result in complications, hence urgent intervention is vital.
Soft drinks and premiums with children’s meals marketed on the websites of the top restaurant chains worldwide
Authors: Batada Ameena , Thomas Audrey E 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjective:To assess the frequency with which soft drinks and premiums are available with children’s meals marketed on the top restaurant chains’ websites worldwide.Design:Cross-sectional structured observational assessment of secondary information about top international restaurant chain children’s meals.Setting:Websites of top restaurant chains for 193 countries and five regions of the United Nations.Participants:Top restaurant chains (including McDonald’s, Subway, Burger King and KFC) across 193 countries. Children’s meal images and descriptions were reviewed to determine if the meal was marketed with a soft drink as a beverage option and whether the meal offered a premium.Results:Children’s meals were marketed online on restaurant websites by at least one of the four chains in a total of seventy eight of the 193 countries (40·4 %). Overall, 56·3 % of countries with any online children’s meal marketing by the four chains included at least one chain that marketed soft drinks and 92·3 % marketed premiums with the meal.Conclusions:Every region in the world includes marketing of children’s meals on the websites of the top restaurant chains. The high prevalence of premiums marketed online with children’s meals is of concern. Similarly, with over 50 % of countries with online children’s meal marketing having at least one chain that offers soft drinks as part of the meals, additional regulation and education may be warranted.
Spatial and Temporal Variability of Iodine in Aerosol
Authors: Gómez Martín Juan Carlos , Saiz‐Lopez Alfonso , Cuevas Carlos A. , Fernandez Rafael P. , Gilfedder Benjamin , Weller Rolf , Baker Alex R. , Droste Elise , Lai Senchao 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this work, we describe the compilation and homogenization of an extensive data set of aerosol iodine field observations in the period between 1963 and 2018 and we discuss its spatial and temporal dependences by comparison with CAM‐Chem model simulations. A close to linear relationship between soluble and total iodine in aerosol is found (∼80% aerosol iodine is soluble), which enables converting a large subset of measurements of soluble iodine into total iodine. The resulting data set shows a distinct latitudinal dependence, with an enhancement toward the Northern Hemisphere (NH) tropics and lower values toward the poles. This behavior, which has been predicted by atmospheric models to depend on the global distribution of the main oceanic iodine source (which in turn depends on the reaction of ozone with aqueous iodide on the sea water‐air interface, generating gas‐phase I2 and HOI), is confirmed here by field observations for the first time. Longitudinally, there is some indication of a wave‐one profile in the tropics, which peaks in the Atlantic and shows a minimum in the Pacific. New data from Antarctica show that the south polar seasonal variation of iodine in aerosol mirrors that observed previously in the Arctic, with two equinoctial maxima and the dominant maximum occurring in spring. While no clear seasonal variability is observed in NH middle latitudes, there is an indication of different seasonal cycles in the NH tropical Atlantic and Pacific. Long‐term trends cannot be unambiguously established as a result of inhomogeneous time and spatial coverage and analytical methods.
Endogenous hormones and risk of invasive breast cancer in pre- and post-menopausal women: findings from the UK Biobank
Authors: Tin Tin Sandar , Reeves Gillian K. , Key Timothy J. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Some endogenous hormones have been associated with breast cancer risk, but the nature of these relationships is not fully understood.

Methods
UK Biobank was used. Hormone concentrations were measured in serum collected in 2006–2010, and in a repeat subsample (N ~ 5000) in 2012–13. Incident cancers were identified through data linkage. Cox regression models were used, and hazard ratios (HRs) corrected for regression dilution bias.

Results
Among 30,565 pre-menopausal and 133,294 post-menopausal women, 527 and 2,997, respectively, were diagnosed with invasive breast cancer during a median follow-up of 7.1 years. Cancer risk was positively associated with testosterone in post-menopausal women (HR per 0.5 nmol/L increment: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.14, 1.23) but not in pre-menopausal women (pheterogeneity = 0.03), and with IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor-1) (HR per 5 nmol/L increment: 1.18; 1.02, 1.35 (pre-menopausal) and 1.07; 1.01, 1.12 (post-menopausal); pheterogeneity = 0.2), and inversely associated with SHBG (sex hormone-binding globulin) (HR per 30 nmol/L increment: 0.96; 0.79, 1.15 (pre-menopausal) and 0.89; 0.84, 0.94 (post-menopausal); pheterogeneity = 0.4). Oestradiol, assessed only in pre-menopausal women, was not associated with risk, but there were study limitations for this hormone.

Conclusions
This study confirms associations of testosterone, IGF-1 and SHBG with breast cancer risk, with heterogeneity by menopausal status for testosterone.
Lipopolysaccharides induce a RAGE-mediated sensitization of sensory neurons and fluid hypersecretion in the upper airways
Authors: Nair Manoj , Jagadeeshan Santosh , Katselis George , Luan Xiaojie , Momeni Zeinab , Henao-Romero Nicolas , Chumala Paulos , Tam Julian S. , Yamamoto Yasuhiko , Ianowski Juan P. , Campanucci Verónica A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThoracic dorsal root ganglia (tDRG) contribute to fluid secretion in the upper airways. Inflammation potentiates DRG responses, but the mechanisms remain under investigation. The receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) underlies potentiation of DRG responses in pain pathologies; however, its role in other sensory modalities is less understood. We hypothesize that RAGE contributes to electrophysiological and biochemical changes in tDRGs during inflammation. We used tDRGs and tracheas from wild types (WT), RAGE knock-out (RAGE-KO), and with the RAGE antagonist FPS-ZM1, and exposed them to lipopolysaccharides (LPS). We studied: capsaicin (CAP)-evoked currents and action potentials (AP), tracheal submucosal gland secretion, RAGE expression and downstream pathways. In WT neurons, LPS increased CAP-evoked currents and AP generation, and it caused submucosal gland hypersecretion in tracheas from WT mice exposed to LPS. In contrast, LPS had no effect on tDRG excitability or gland secretion in RAGE-KO mice or mice treated with FPS-ZM1. LPS upregulated full-length RAGE (encoded by Tv1-RAGE) and downregulated a soluble (sRAGE) splice variant (encoded byMmusRAGEv4) in tDRG neurons. These data suggest that sensitization of tDRG neurons contributes to hypersecretion in the upper airways during inflammation. And at least two RAGE variants may be involved in these effects of LPS.
A platysomid occurrence from the Tournaisian of Nova Scotia
Authors: Wilson Conrad D. , Mansky Chris F. , Anderson Jason S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe Hangenberg extinction has been hypothesized as a first order event in vertebrate evolution; however, information on the earliest Carboniferous vertebrate fauna, crucial in evaluating biodiversity changes, is scarce. Post-extinction recovery has been suggested as the driver of ray-finned fish (actinopterygian) richness increase and differentiation in the Carboniferous. Under this model, actinopterygian postcranial morphology differentiates in the second stage of their radiation. Here, we report on a platysomid occurrence from the Tournaisian of Nova Scotia, Canada. Despite long-standing taxonomic issues with deep-bodied actinopterygians, this specimen represents the earliest known occurrence of one such fish. Its presence in the earliest Carboniferous indicates that actinopterygians were already postcranially differentiated in the aftermath of the Hangenberg. Moreover, this specimen suggests that earliest Carboniferous actinopterygians used multiple locomotory modes; recent data from later Carboniferous taxa suggest that actinopterygian locomotory modes proliferated throughout the Carboniferous. Taken together, these data suggest that early Carboniferous actinopterygians were morphologically, ecologically, and functionally diverse.
Experimental demonstration of spectral domain computational ghost imaging
Authors: Ryczkowski Piotr , Amiot Caroline G. , Dudley John M. , Genty Goëry 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe demonstrate computational spectral-domain ghost imaging by encoding complementary Fourier patterns directly onto the spectrum of a superluminescent laser diode using a programmable spectral filter. Spectral encoding before the object enables uniform spectral illumination across the beam profile, removing the need for light collection optics and yielding increased signal-to-noise ratio. In addition, the use of complementary Fourier patterns allows reduction of deleterious of parasitic light effects. As a proof-of-concept, we measure the wavelength-dependent transmission of a Michelson interferometer and a wavelength-division multiplexer. Our results open new perspectives for remote broadband spectral measurements.