bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neglected wardens: T lymphocyte ryanodine receptors
Authors: Fomina Alla F. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRyanodine receptors (RyRs) are intracellular Ca2+ release channels ubiquitously expressed in various cell types. RyRs were extensively studied in striated muscle cells due to their crucial role in muscle contraction. In contrast, the role of RyRs in Ca2+ signalling and functions in non‐excitable cells, such as T lymphocytes, remains poorly understood. Expression of different isoforms of RyRs was shown in primary T cells and T cell lines. In T cells, RyRs co‐localize with the plasmalemmal store‐operated Ca2+ channels of the Orai family and endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ sensing Stim family proteins and are activated by store‐operated Ca2+ entry and pyridine nucleotide metabolites, the intracellular second messengers generated upon stimulation of T cell receptors. Experimental data indicate that together with d‐myo‐inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate receptors, RyRs regulate intercellular Ca2+ dynamics by controlling Ca2+ concentration within the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum and, consequently, store‐operated Ca2+ entry. Gain‐of‐function mutations, genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of RyRs alters T cell Ca2+ signalling and effector functions. The picture emerging from the collective data shows that RyRs are the essential regulators of T cell Ca2+ signalling and can be potentially used as molecular targets for immunomodulation or T cell‐based diagnostics of the disorders associated with RyRs dysregulation
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Synergistic interaction between sensory inputs and propriospinal signalling underlying quadrupedal locomotion
Authors: Boulain Marie , Khsime Inès , Sourioux Mélissa , Thoby‐Brisson Muriel , Barrière Grégory , Simmers John , Morin Didier , Juvin Laurent 
Published: August 2021

Key points
Stimulation of hindlimb afferent fibres can both stabilize and increase the activity of fore‐ and hindlimb motoneurons during fictive locomotion.
The increase in motoneuron activity is at least partially due to the production of doublets of action potentials in a subpopulation of motoneurons.
These results were obtained using an in vitro brainstem/spinal cord preparation of neonatal rat.
AbstractQuadrupedal locomotion relies on a dynamic coordination between central pattern generators (CPGs) located in the cervical and lumbar spinal cord, and controlling the fore‐ and hindlimbs, respectively. It is assumed that this CPG interaction is achieved through separate closed‐loop processes involving propriospinal and sensory pathways. However, the functional consequences of a concomitant involvement of these different influences on the degree of coordination between the fore‐ and hindlimb CPGs is still largely unknown. Using an in vitro brainstem/spinal cord preparation of neonatal rat, we found that rhythmic, bilaterally alternating stimulation of hindlimb sensory input pathways elicited coordinated hindlimb and forelimb CPG activity. During pharmacologically induced fictive locomotion, lumbar dorsal root (DR) stimulation entrained and stabilized an ongoing cervico‐lumbar locomotor‐like rhythm and increased the amplitude of both lumbar and cervical ventral root bursting. The increase in cervical burst amplitudes was correlated with the occurrence of doublet action potential firing in a subpopulation of motoneurons, enabling the latter to transition between low and high frequency discharge according to the intensity of DR stimulation. Moreover, our data revealed that propriospinal and sensory pathways act synergistically to strengthen cervico‐lumbar interactions. Indeed, split‐bath experiments showed that fully coordinated cervico‐lumbar fictive locomotion was induced by combining pharmacological stimulation of either the lumbar or cervical CPGs with lumbar DR stimulation. This study thus highlights the powerful interactions between sensory and propriospinal pathways which serve to ensure the coupling of the fore‐ and hindlimb CPGs for effective quadrupedal locomotion.
Mount Diablo mercury deposits
Authors: Motzer* William E. , Mustart David A. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
The California Coast Ranges mercury deposits are part of the western North America mercury belt, in which mercury occurs most commonly as red cinnabar (α-HgS), sometimes associated with its high-temperature polymorph, metacinnabar (β-HgS). In the Coast Ranges, ores were deposited from hydrothermal solutions and range in age from Miocene to Holocene. Ore deposition at Mount Diablo generally occurred along active faults and associated extension fractures in the Franciscan complex, most often in serpentinite that had been hydrothermally altered to silica-carbonate rock. The Mount Diablo mine lies ~48 km (~30 miles) northeast of San Francisco in Contra Costa County and is mineralogically unique in California, because metacinnabar, the higher-temperature polymorph of mercury sulfide, is a major primary ore mineral in the deposit, while at all other mercury mines in California, it is quite rare. In addition, hydrothermal activity is so recent that sulfurous gases and methane continued to be released into the mine at least into the 1940s. Historically, long before active large-scale mining began in the 1800s, the Mount Diablo mercury deposits were known to the Indigenous people of the Ohlone tribes, who used the cinnabar in rituals as well as for red pigment to decorate their bodies, and as a prized trade item. The deposit was later rediscovered in 1863 and mined intermittently until 1958. The Mount Diablo mine and adjacent Rhyne (also variously spelled Ryne or Rhine) mine were the sites of most of the mercury operations in the region, and at both mines, mercury ore occurs in structurally controlled lenticular bodies of silica-carbonate rock and serpentinite. The total district production probably exceeded 12,300 flasks (at 76 pounds or ~34.5 kg per flask) at an estimated grade of 2711 g per metric ton. Low-grade ore reserves are believed to still exist, with 17,000 short tons of indicated and inferred ore. Other minor deposits of copper, silver, and gold occur on Mount Diablo, principally in and around Eagle Peak, but mercury is not associated with these deposits.
The most serious environmental problem associated with the mercury mines is the transport of mercury via mine drainage from the Mount Diablo mines to Dunn Creek, a tributary to Marsh Creek, which ultimately drains into Suisun and San Francisco Bay. The concern is that elemental mercury (Hg0) and the mercury ion Hg(II) can be biologically converted to toxic monomethylmercury (MeHg). To combat this problem, a long-term process of mine remediation has been undertaken.
Late Cenozoic paleogeographic reconstruction of the San Francisco Bay area from analysis of stratigraphy, tectonics, and tephrochronology
Authors: Sarna-Wojcicki Andrei M. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
The Neogene stratigraphic and tectonic history of the Mount Diablo area is a consequence of the passage of the Mendocino triple junction by the San Francisco Bay area between 12 and 6 Ma, volcanism above a slab window trailing the Mendocino triple junction, and crustal transpression beginning ca. 8–6 Ma, when the Pacific plate and Sierra Nevada microplate began to converge obliquely. Between ca. 12 and 6 Ma, parts of the Sierra Nevada microplate were displaced by faults splaying from the main trace of the San Andreas fault and incorporated into the Pacific plate. The Mount Diablo anticlinorium was formed by crustal compression within a left-stepping, restraining bend of the eastern San Andreas fault system, with southwest-verging thrusting beneath, and with possible clockwise rotation between faults on its southeast and northwest sides. At ca. 10.5 Ma, a drainage divide formed between the northern Central Valley and the ocean. Regional uplift accelerated at ca. 6 Ma with onset of transpression between the Pacific and North America plates. Marine deposition ceased in the eastern Coast Range basins as a consequence of the regional uplift accompanying passage of the Mendocino triple junction, and trailing slab-window volcanism. From ca. 11 to ca. 5 Ma, andesitic volcanic intrusive rocks and lavas were erupted along the northwest crest of the central to northern Sierra Nevada and deposited on its western slope, providing abundant sediment to the northern Central Valley and the northeastern Coast Ranges. Sediment filled the Central Valley and overtopped the Stockton fault and arch, forming one large, south-draining system that flowed into a marine embayment at its southwestern end, the ancestral San Joaquin Sea. This marine embayment shrunk with time, and by ca. 2.3 Ma, it was eventually cut off from the ocean. Fluvial drainage continued southwest in the Central Valley until it was cut off in turn, probably by some combination of sea-level fluctuations and transpression along the San Andreas fault that uplifted, lengthened, and narrowed the outlet channel. As a consequence, a great lake, Lake Clyde, formed in the Central Valley at ca. 1.4 Ma, occupying all of the ancestral San Joaquin Valley and part of the ancestral Sacramento Valley. The lake rose and fell with global glacial and interglacial cycles. After a long, extreme glacial period, marine oxygen isotope stage (MIS) 16, it overtopped the Carquinez sill at 0.63 Ma and drained via San Francisco valley (now San Francisco Bay) and the Colma gap into the Merced marine embayment of the Pacific Ocean. Later, a new outlet for Central Valley drainage formed between ca. 130 and ca. 75 ka, when the Colma gap closed due to transpression and right-slip motion on the San Andreas fault, and Duxbury Point at the south end of the Point Reyes Peninsula moved sufficiently northwest along the San Andreas fault to unblock a bedrock notch, the feature we now call the Golden Gate.
Pilot investigation of an activity-based approach to building hardiness
Authors: Judkins Jason , Moore B , Stone E , Welsh A , Carbon G , Rendell B , Peterson A 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundThe purpose was to describe an activity-based psychological hardiness training programme delivered by an occupational therapist and examine its acceptability and effectiveness in improving hardiness.MethodParticipants (N=28) completed the 6-hour programme, which included pre/post-programme completion of the Dispositional Resilience Scale-15 (DRS-15) and a Program Evaluation Form. Paired t-tests were used to determine differences between pre-training and post-training scores on the DRS-15.ResultsResults showed a significant increase (p<0.05) in total hardiness, commitment, and control scores on the DRS-15 from pre-training to post-training and good–excellent ratings for all categories on the Program Evaluation Form.ConclusionsThis programme evaluation described an occupational therapist’s role in providing an activity-based psychological hardiness training programme and provided preliminary support for the acceptability of an activity-based approach to training psychological hardiness for service members.
SDG3-related inequalities in women’s, children’s and adolescents’ health: an SDG monitoring baseline for Latin America and the Caribbean using national cross-sectional surveys
Authors: Sanhueza Antonio , Carvajal-Vélez Liliana , Mújica Oscar J , Vidaletti Luis Paulo , Victora Cesar G , Barros Aluisio JD 
Published: August 2021

ObjectivesLatin America and the Caribbean (LAC) countries have made important progress towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) targets related to health (SDG3) at the national level. However, vast within-country health inequalities remain. We present a baseline of health inequalities in the region, against which progress towards the SDGs can be monitored.SettingWe studied 21 countries in LAC using data from Demographic and Health Surveys and Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey carried out from 2011 to 2016ParticipantsThe surveys collect nationally representative data on women and children using multistage sampling. In total, 288 207 women and 195 092 children made part of the surveys in the 21 countries.Outcome measuresFive health intervention indicators were studied, related to reproductive and maternal health, along with adolescent fertility and neonatal and under-five mortality rates. Inequalities in these indicators were assessed through absolute and relative measures.ResultsIn most countries, subnational geographical health gradients were observed for nearly all women, child, and adolescent (WCA) indicators. Coverage of key interventions was higher in urban areas and among the richest, compared with rural areas and poorer quintiles. Analyses by woman’s age showed that coverage was lower in adolescent girls than older women for family planning indicators. Pro-urban and pro-rich inequalities were also seen for mortality in most countries.ConclusionsRegional averages hide important health inequalities between countries, but national estimates hide still greater inequalities between subgroups of women, children and adolescents. To achieve the SDG3 targets and leave no one behind, it is essential to close health inequality gaps within as well as between countries.
Efficacy of mobilisation with movement in chronic shoulder pain: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials
Authors: Storås Arnstein , Lillebostad Fabian , Haslerud Sturla , Joensen Jon , Bjordal Jan Magnus , Stausholm Martin Bjørn 
Published: August 2021

IntroductionShoulder pain affects approximately one in four adults and is thus one of the most common musculoskeletal problems. Only 50% of patients who begin treatment for shoulder pain are cured within 6 months. There is a need for systematic reviews to estimate the effectiveness of shoulder treatments. We decided to evaluate the effect of mobilisation with movement (MWM) on chronic shoulder pain in a systematic review.Methods and analysisThe review will include controlled trial articles identified via five electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Physiotherapy Evidence Database and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials), reference lists, citations searches and experts in the field. Only controlled trials involving participants with a mean duration of pain of ≥3 months, in which the effectiveness of MWM has been compared with non-invasive treatments, sham mobilisation or wait-and-see will be included. The included trials will be synthesised with random effects meta-analyses. Risk-of-bias will be assessed with the Physiotherapy Evidence Database 0–10 point scale.Ethics and disseminationThe review does not require ethics approval as it is based on anonymised data from trial reports. The results of the review will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed publication.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018109380.
Protocol for the National Nurse Health Study (NNHS): a web-based ambispective cohort study
Authors: Zhuo Lin , Zhang Heli , Geng Rongmei , Wang Panfeng , Zeng Lin , Che Ying , Wang Peng , Li Pengfei , Huang Tao , Li Baohua , Zhan Siyan 
Published: August 2021

IntroductionThe physical and mental health of nurses may significantly impact the entire medical care group and directly affect the quality of medical services. Due to the intense emotional involvement and often problematic working conditions that characterise their profession, nurses appear to be especially susceptible to a complex set of stressors with repercussions to their health. Several landmark studies of nurses have provided an abundance of evidence on risk factors that influence the health status of nurses. However, few studies have investigated the health status of nurses who work in high-intensity work environments in China. The National Nurse Health Study (NNHS) objective is to build an ambispective cohort to gather web-based information on early-life events, daily habits, occupational and environmental risk factors, and health outcomes of a specific subset of healthcare professionals of Chinese nurses.Methods and analysisNNHS, which was developed at a tertiary hospital in Beijing, China, is a research initiative that enrolls registered nurses working at Peking University Third Hospital. A web-based self-administered system was designed to collect health-related data and link them with previous physical examination data. During the study period, participants with signed informed consent will be invited to annually repeat a similar procedure.Ethics and disseminationThe NNHS research protocol was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee and provides promising data that contribute to the understanding of pathophysiological links between early-life events, body composition, gut microbiota, and inflammatory and metabolic risk profiles. Moreover, the combination of a user-friendly tool with the innovative purposes of the NNHS offers a remarkable resource to test hypotheses about mechanisms of diseases, including work stress, and further plan preventive programmes in public health.Trial registration numberThe study was registered on Clinicaltrials.gov (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04572347) and the China Cohort Consortium (http://chinacohort.bjmu.edu.cn/project/102/).
Health care utilisation preceding relapse or second malignant neoplasm after childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: a population-based matched cohort study
Authors: Jensen Karen Schow , Klug Albertsen Birgitte , Schrøder Henrik , Zalounina Falborg Alina , Schmiegelow Kjeld , Rosthøj Steen , Callesen Michael Thude , Vedsted Peter 
Published: August 2021

ObjectivesTo investigate health care utilisation including both primary and secondary health care 6 months before the diagnosis of a relapse or a second malignant neoplasm (SMN) in survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL).Design and settingA Danish population-based matched cohort study linking multiple nationwide registries.ParticipantsParticipants were recruited from a total of 622 childhood ALL 2.5-year event-free survivors diagnosed between 1994 and 2015. Cases were survivors developing a relapse or an SMN and references were survivors still in first remission. Each case was matched with five references on age, sex, treatment protocol and risk group.Primary outcome measuresConsultations in general practice and hospital the last 6 months before relapse or SMN. Cases and references were compared with monthly incidence rate ratios (IRRs) from negative binomial regression models.ResultsOf the 622 childhood ALL survivors, 60 (9.6%) developed a relapse (49) or an SMN (11) and 295 matched references were identified. Health care utilisation in general practice increased among cases the last month before the event compared with references with an IRR of 2.71 (95% CI 1.71 to 4.28). Data showed a bimodal structure with a significantly increased number of visits 4, 5 and 6 months before the event. Hospital health care utilisation increased 2 months before the event in cases with an IRR of 5.01 (3.78 to 6.63) the last month before the event and an IRR of 1.94 (1.32 to 2.85) the second-last month comparing cases and references.ConclusionsSurvivors of childhood ALL developing a relapse or an SMN have a short period of increased health care utilisation before diagnosis. At hospital, this might be explained by pre-diagnostic examinations. In general practice, data suggest a bimodal structure with children later developing a relapse having more contacts also half a year before the relapse, suggesting that there could be early warnings.
Observational study of the implementation of telephone advice nursing in Sweden: did callers follow recommendations and did the rate of healthcare visits change?
Authors: Sundberg Amanda , Wahlberg Anna Carin , Zethraeus Niklas , Karampampa Korinna 
Published: August 2021

ObjectivesTelephone advice nursing is introduced in many countries with one key aim being a reduction of avoidable healthcare visits. The aim of this study was to explore whether callers to a telephone advice nursing service followed the telenurses’ recommendations, and whether there was a change in the level and trend of the rate of healthcare visits after the introduction of telephone advice nursing.DesignObservational study.SettingPrimary and secondary care in Jönköping Region, Sweden.ParticipantsTelephone advice nursing calls, 6:00–23:00, 2014–2015 (n=185 994) and outpatient healthcare visits 2012–2015 (n=6 877 266).Primary outcomeProportion of callers who visited healthcare within the time period advised by the telenurse.Secondary outcomeChange in level or trend of the overall rate of healthcare visits per 1000 persons and 4-week period after the introduction of telephone advice nursing, with subgroup analysis for primary and secondary care.Results77% of callers who were recommended either to visit healthcare within 24 hours or to ‘wait and see’ followed the recommendations. There was no significant change in level (−5.15; 95% CI −15.80 to 5.50; p=0.349) or trend (−0.24; 95% CI −0.86 to 0.38; p=0.448) of the overall rate of visits per 1000 persons and 4-week period after the introduction of telephone advice nursing. For the rate of primary care visits, an increase in level (8.01; 95% CI 6.36 to 9.66; p<0.001) and trend (1.28; 95% CI 1.17 to 1.39; p<0.001) were observed. For the rate of secondary care visits, a decrease in level (−8.77, 95% CI −14.41 to −3.13; p=0.004) and trend (−1.03, 95% CI −1.35 to −0.71; p<0.001) were observed.ConclusionsThe introduction of telephone advice nursing may have contributed to a shift in the rate of healthcare visits from secondary to primary care.
EP10 The impact of introducing real time feedback on ventilation rate and volume by ambulance clinicians in the North East in a simulated cardiac arrest scenario: the VANZ study
Authors: McClelland Graham , Charlton Karl , Millican Karen , Haworth Daniel , Aitken-Fell Paul , Norton Michael 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundAdequate ventilation is an important aspect of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Research suggests 80% of caregivers hyperventilate during CPR and that feedback improves compliance with ventilation guidelines. Hyperventilation is associated with increased intrathoracic pressure, impaired haemodynamics and cerebral vasoconstriction and therefore can be deleterious to survival. VANZ aimed to determine if compliance with European Resuscitation Council (ERC) ventilation guidelines could be improved using a real time ventilation feedback deviceMethodsParticipants simulated a two-minute cardiac arrest scenario using a manikin and defibrillator without ventilation feedback. Researchers demonstrated the ventilation feedback device and participants practiced using it. The two-minute scenario was then repeated with ventilation feedback. The ventilation rate, volume and CPR quality were recorded during each scenario. The primary outcome was based on achieving ≥50% compliance with ERC ventilation guidelines of ventilating at 8-12 breaths per minute and 500-600ml per breath. Following the study participants were asked to complete a short survey on the ventilation feedback deviceResultsDuring September 2020 106 participants (58% male, mean age 42, 74% paramedics) completed the study. The primary outcome showed a significant improvement from 9% of participants achieving ≥50% compliance without feedback to 91% of participants achieving ≥50% compliance with feedback (McNemars test p<0.0001). Survey data from participants was overwhelmingly positive about the ventilation feedback device.ConclusionsUse of real time ventilation feedback during CPR significantly improved participants ability to deliver ventilations compliant with ERC guidelines in a simulated scenario. The fact that this was a manikin study is a limitation but the low rate of compliance with ventilation guidelines without feedback raises questions about ventilation quality when CPR is performed on patients. Future research should examine the quality of ventilations performed on patients, the ability of feedback to improve compliance with guidelines and the impact this has on patient outcomes.