bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ground state solutions and infinitely many solutions for a nonlinear Choquard equation
Authors: Wang Tianfang , Zhang Wen 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this paper we study the existence and multiplicity of solutions for the following nonlinear Choquard equation:
$$\begin{aligned} -\Delta u+V(x)u=\bigl[ \vert x \vert ^{-\mu }\ast \vert u \vert ^{p}\bigr] \vert u \vert ^{p-2}u,\quad x \in \mathbb{R}^{N}, \end{aligned}$$
−
Δ
u
+
V
(
x
)
u
=

[
|
x

|

−
μ

∗
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u

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|
u

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p
−
2

u
,

x
∈

R
N

,
where $N\geq 3$
N
≥
3
, $0<\mu <N$
0
<
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<
N
, $\frac{2N-\mu }{N}\leq p<\frac{2N-\mu }{N-2}$

2
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≤
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<

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N
−
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−
2

, ∗ represents the convolution between two functions. We assume that the potential function $V(x)$
V
(
x
)
satisfies general periodic condition. Moreover, by using variational tools from the Nehari manifold method developed by Szulkin and Weth, we obtain the existence results of ground state solutions and infinitely many pairs of geometrically distinct solutions for the above problem.
The nutriRECIPE-Index – development and validation of a nutrient-weighted index for the evaluation of recipes
Authors: Forner Frank , Volkhardt Ina , Meier Toni , Christen Olaf , Stangl Gabriele I. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundOur objective was to develop a nutrient-based index for evaluating and improving menus in public catering. The nutriRECIPE-Index comprises 24 nutrients and nutrient groups. In developing the index, the following steps were included: setting the goals of the index, nutrient selection, target metrics and scaling, weighting, proof of concept and validation of the index. Furthermore, a unique database was created to integrate bioactive plant compounds in the assessment. An assessment of standard recipes and supposedly healthy recipes should show a significant difference in the results of the nutriRECIPE-Index. Finally, the nutriRECIPE-Index should generate similar or more specific results than existing indices such as the Nutri-Score and the Healthy Meal Index.MethodsA whole meal cycle (comprising 6 weeks, 106 recipes and including different menu lines, partially with different side dishes) at a university canteen was analysed with the Federal Food Code (BLS) and the nutriRECIPE-Index. The Healthy Meal Index (comprising 3 nutritionally relevant items) and the Nutri-Score algorithm (comprising 7 items) were used to validate the nutrient composition and the results of the nutriRECIPE-Index.ResultsThe resulting scores of the recipes and menu lines showed substantial differences, wherein the meals of a health-promoting menu line usually received higher scores than the standard recipes. A correlation between the nutriRECIPE-Index and the Healthy Meal Index (0.604) and the Nutri-Score (0.591) was observed. The nutriRECIPE-Index was better at identifying the worst menus and could better separate mediocre menus from good menus.ConclusionThe nutriRECIPE-Index is a useful and comprehensive tool for evaluating the nutritional value of recipes and is the first to consider bioactive plant compounds. Further adjustments to different target populations, settings, and cultural backgrounds are possible.
A prediction model for the decline in renal function in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: study protocol
Authors: Gregorich Mariella , Heinzel Andreas , Kammer Michael , Meiselbach Heike , Böger Carsten , Eckardt Kai-Uwe , Mayer Gert , Heinze Georg , Oberbauer Rainer 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a well-established complication in people with diabetes mellitus. Roughly one quarter of prevalent patients with diabetes exhibit a CKD stage of 3 or higher and the individual course of progression is highly variable. Therefore, there is a clear need to identify patients at high risk for fast progression and the implementation of preventative strategies. Existing prediction models of renal function decline, however, aim to assess the risk by artificially grouped patients prior to model building into risk strata defined by the categorization of the least-squares slope through the longitudinally fluctuating eGFR values, resulting in a loss of predictive precision and accuracy.

Methods
This study protocol describes the development and validation of a prediction model for the longitudinal progression of renal function decline in Caucasian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). For development and internal-external validation, two prospective multicenter observational studies will be used (PROVALID and GCKD). The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) obtained at baseline and at all planned follow-up visits will be the longitudinal outcome. Demographics, clinical information and laboratory measurements available at a baseline visit will be used as predictors in addition to random country-specific intercepts to account for the clustered data. A multivariable mixed-effects model including the main effects of the clinical variables and their interactions with time will be fitted. In application, this model can be used to obtain personalized predictions of an eGFR trajectory conditional on baseline eGFR values. The final model will then undergo external validation using a third prospective cohort (DIACORE). The final prediction model will be made publicly available through the implementation of an R shiny web application.

Discussion
Our proposed state-of-the-art methodology will be developed using multiple multicentre study cohorts of people with DM2 in various CKD stages at baseline, who have received modern therapeutic treatment strategies of diabetic kidney disease in contrast to previous models. Hence, we anticipate that the multivariable prediction model will aid as an additional informative tool to determine the patient-specific progression of renal function and provide a useful guide to early on identify individuals with DM2 at high risk for rapid progression.
Urban form and economic sustainability in housing projects
Authors: Ghaffar Mohamed Mahmoud Ahmed Abdel , El Aziz Noha Ahmed Abd 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUrban areas in metropolitan cities like Cairo suffer from economic, social, and environmental predicaments. Urban economic sustainability is an approach that reforms the urban performance to gain direct benefits such as minimizing costs and maximizing profits and indirect benefits as better social, environmental, and cultural aspects. This research suggests applying such an approach to enhance Egyptian housing projects. The main research question is how to evaluate the economic sustainability of urban forms?. The study presents a “Sustainable Urban Economy model” (SUE model) linking urban fabric, land use pattern, transportation, and street network design with economic sustainability. Research methods and tools include interviews (Delphi method) with 25 urban planning/design and urban economic experts to refine the model. Results show the most effective components of the urban form on economic sustainability (accessibility and degree of permeability, population density, built, and the impact of sub-indicators on the main components. Moreover, results indicate that the seven most influential indicators are the built-up to total space ratio, mixed-use ratio, built-up ratio, population density, floor area ratio, degree of accessibility, and public transportation. Experts suggested values for the seven indicators to measure how the urban form can achieve high economic, environmental, and social performance in the Egyptian context.
Oncologic Home-Hospitalization Delivers a High-Quality and Patient-Centered Alternative to Standard Ambulatory Care: Results of a Randomized-Controlled Equivalence Trial
Authors: Cool Lieselot , Missiaen Jana , Debruyne Philip , Pottel Hans , Foulon Veerle , Lefebvre Tessa , Tack Laura , Archie Petra , Vandijck Dominique , Van Eygen Koen 
Published: November 2021

PURPOSE Given the increasing burden of cancer on patients, health care providers, and payers, the shift of certain outpatient procedures to the patients' homes (further indicated as oncologic home-hospitalization [OHH]) might be a high-quality, patient-centered, and cost-effective alternative to standard ambulatory cancer care (SOC). METHODS A randomized-controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the quality of a locally implemented model for OHH (n = 74) compared with SOC (n = 74). The model for OHH consisted of home administration of certain subcutaneous cancer drugs (full OHH) and home nursing assessments before ambulatory systemic cancer therapy (partial OHH). Quality was evaluated based on patient-reported quality of life (QoL) and related end points; service use and cost data; safety data; patient-reported satisfaction and preferences; and model efficiency. An equivalence design was used for primary end point analysis. Participants were followed during 12 weeks of systemic cancer treatment. RESULTS This trial demonstrated equivalence of both models (OHH v SOC) in terms of patient-reported QoL (95% CI not exceeding the equivalence margin of 10%). Full OHH resulted in significantly less hospital visits (mean of 5.6 ± 3.0 v 13.2 ± 4.6; P = .011). Partial OHH reduced waiting times for therapy administration at the day care unit with 45% per visit (2 hours 36 minutes ± 1 hour 4 minutes v 4 hours ± 1 hour 4 minutes; P < .001). No safety issues were detected. Of the intervention group, 88% reported to be highly satisfied with the OHH model, and 77% reported a positive impact on their QoL. At study end, 60% of both study arms preferred OHH above SOC. CONCLUSION The shift of particular procedures from the outpatient clinic to the patients' homes offers a high-quality and patient-centered alternative for a large proportion of patients with cancer. Further research is needed to evaluate potential cost-efficiency.
Real-Life Long-Term Cohort of Patients With Stage IIIA Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Overall Survival Related to Patients' Characteristics and Multiple Treatment Models
Authors: Abrão Fernando Conrado , Moreira Frederico Rafael , de Abreu Igor Renato Louro Bruno , Marciano Marcelo Giovanni , Younes Riad Naim 
Published: November 2021

PURPOSE This real-life cohort of patients describes the treatment patterns and compares the overall survival (OS) and hazard risk of utilization of multiple therapies. MATERIALS AND METHODS Electronic medical registries of patients with stage III non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) regularly attended in 72 hospitals were included. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to evaluate the primary patients' characteristics leading to better OS and cancer-specific survival. RESULTS A total of 3,363 patients with stage III NSCLC followed over 19 years were included in this study. The median age was 66.00 (58.00-72.00) years, 65% male, and 41.2% with squamous cell carcinoma followed by adenocarcinoma (34.6%) and undifferentiated carcinoma (13.1%) in clinical stage T3 (50.3%), T2 (29.3%), and T4 (12.3%). The median survival (in months) was 18.4 (95% CI, 16.9 to 19.5) in patients submitted to radiotherapy plus chemotherapy, 11.2 (95% CI, 10.5 to 12.1) to chemotherapy, 31.5 (95% CI, 25.9 to 37.7) to surgery plus chemotherapy, and 33.8 (95% CI, 28.3 to 47.8) to chemotherapy plus radiotherapy plus surgery. The median cancer-specific survival (in months) was 19.3 (95% CI, 17.9 to 20.9) in patients submitted to radiotherapy plus chemotherapy, 12.1 (95% CI, 11.1 to 12.9) to chemotherapy, 36.9 (95% CI, 29.6 to 43.2) to surgery plus chemotherapy, and 41.3 (95% CI, 32.1 to 61.3) to chemotherapy plus radiotherapy plus surgery. The patients treated with multiple chemotherapy plus radiotherapy followed by surgery had significantly better OS and lower mortality rates than those treated with other treatments (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.45 to 0.66; P < .001). At the end of the study, 11.2% and 10.7% of the patients were living with and without cancer, respectively. CONCLUSION Our real-life 19-year cohort study has shown that only 30.3% of the total patients with stage III NSCLC have been submitted to standard chemotherapy and radiotherapy treatment. This may show a substantial difference between the recruited clinical trials' patients and the real-life patients' characteristics in daily routine treatment.
3-Azidoarynes: Generation and Regioselective Reactions
Authors: Taguchi Jumpei , Kimura Kota , Igawa Kazunobu , Tomooka Katsuhiko , Hosoya Takamitsu 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The generation of 3-azidoarynes from o-iodoaryl triflate-type precursors was achieved using a silylmethyl Grignard reagent as the activator. The azido group served to control the regioselectivity of the reaction of 3-azidoarynes with arynophiles. The remaining azido group in the adduct also served as a transformable functional group, enabling further derivatization to various nitrogen-containing compounds.
3T MRI of wrist ligaments and TFCC using true plane oblique 3D T2 Dual Echo Steady State (DESS) – a study of diagnostic accuracy
Authors: Eladawi Sondos , Balamoody Sharon , Amerasekera Steve , Choudhary Surabhi 
Published: November 2021

Objective:
This study was designed to assess the accuracy of unenhanced 3T MRI supplemented with dedicated true plane reformats of 3D T2 Dual Echo Steady State (DESS), in assessing tears of scapholunate, lunotriquetral ligaments and triangular fibrocartilage complex, using arthroscopy as gold-standard.

Methods:
In a retrospective cohort review, patients who underwent wrist arthroscopy and MRI over 2 years (n=46) were identified. Dedicated axial and coronal reformats were obtained from 3D T2 DESS sequence for assessing intrinsic ligaments and triangular fibrocartilage (TFCC). At arthroscopy, tears were classified using Geissler’s classification and compared to MRI findings.

Results:
The sensitivity of unenhanced 3T MRI in detecting scapholunate ligament tears was 87%, specificity was 90% and negative predictive value of 93%. The lunate triquetral ligament was assessed with a high specificity (97%) and negative predictive value (93%), sensitivity was 63%. TFCC tears were assessed with a sensitivity of 100%. The overall diagnostic accuracy of unenhanced 3T MRI of wrist in detecting ligament tears was 91%.

Conclusion:
3T wrist MRI with dedicated reformats from 3D T2 DESS has a high diagnostic accuracy in assessing acute intrinsic ligament and TFCC injuries. High strength 3T MRI with good technical quality isotropic 3D T2 DESS is critical for accurate wrist ligament assessment. Negative predictive values of 3T MRI of 95% can lead to reduced need for diagnostic arthroscopy of the wrist.

Advances in knowledge:
This study assesses the diagnostic performance of unenhanced 3T MRI with 3D T2 DESS in assessing traumatic wrist ligament tears. The accuracy of T2 DESS in wrist imaging has not been previously reported.
Toxicity and efficacy of stereotactic body radiotherapy for ultra-central lung tumours: a single institution real life experience
Authors: Guillaume Elodie , Tanguy Ronan , Ayadi Myriam , Claude Line , Sotton Sandrine , Moncharmont Coralie , Magné Nicolas , Martel-Lafay Isabelle 
Published: November 2021

Objectives:
The use of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) to treat ultra-central lung tumours remains more controversial than for peripheral and central tumours. Our objective was to assess toxicities, local control (LC) rate and survival data in patients with ultra-central lung tumours treated with SBRT.

Methods:
We conducted a retrospective and monocentric study about 74 patients with an ultra-central lung tumour, consecutively treated between 2012 and 2018. Ultra-central tumours were defined as tumours whose planning target volume overlapped one of the following organs at risk (OARs): the trachea, right and left main bronchi, intermediate bronchus, lobe bronchi, oesophagus, heart.

Results:
Median follow-up was 25 months. Two patients (2.7%) showed Grade 3 toxicity. No Grade 4 or 5 toxicity was observed. 11% of patients experienced primary local relapse. LC rate was 96.7% at 1 year and 87.6% at 2 years. Median progression free survival was 12 months. Median overall survival was 31 months.

Conclusion:
SBRT for ultra-central tumours remains safe and effective as long as protecting organs at risk is treatment-planning priority.

Advances in knowledge:
The present study is one of the rare to describe exclusively ultra-central tumours through real-life observational case reports. Globally, literature analysis reveals a large heterogeneity in ultra-central lung tumours definition, prescribed dose, number of fractions. In our study, patients treated with SBRT for ultra-central lung tumours experienced few Grade 3 toxicities (2.7%) and no Grade 4 or 5 toxicities, due to the highest compliance with dose constraints to OARs. LC remained efficient.
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound–based ultrasomics score: a potential biomarker for predicting early recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after resection or ablation
Authors: Huang Hui , Ruan Si-min , Xian Meng-fei , Li Ming-de , Cheng Mei-qing , Li Wei , Huang Yang , Xie Xiao-yan , Lu Ming-de , Kuang Ming , Wang Wei , Hu Hang-tong , Chen Li-Da 
Published: November 2021

Objectives:
This study aimed to construct a prediction model based on contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) ultrasomics features and investigate its efficacy in predicting early recurrence (ER) of primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after resection or ablation.

Methods:
This study retrospectively included 215 patients with primary HCC, who were divided into a developmental cohort (n = 139) and a test cohort (n = 76). Four representative images—grayscale ultrasound, arterial phase, portal venous phase and delayed phase—were extracted from each CEUS video. Ultrasomics features were extracted from tumoral and peritumoral area inside the region of interest. Logistic regression was used to establish models, including a tumoral model, a peritumoral model and a combined model with additional clinical risk factors. The performance of the three models in predicting recurrence within 2 years was verified.

Results:
The combined model performed best in predicting recurrence within 2 years, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.845, while the tumoral model had an AUC of 0.810 and the peritumoral model one of 0.808. For prediction of recurrence-free survival, the 2-year cumulative recurrence rate was significant higher in the high-risk group (76.5%) than in the low-risk group (9.5%; p &lt; 0.0001).

Conclusion:
These CEUS ultrasomics models, especially the combined model, had good efficacy in predicting early recurrence of HCC. The combined model has potential for individual survival assessment for HCC patients undergoing resection or ablation.

Advances in knowledge:
CEUS ultrasomics had high sensitivity, specificity and PPV in diagnosing early recurrence of HCC, and high efficacy in predicting early recurrence of HCC (AUC &gt; 0.8). The combined model performed better than the tumoral ultrasomics model and peritumoral ultrasomics model in predicting recurrence within 2 years. Recurrence was more likely to occur in the high-risk group than in the low-risk group, with 2-year cumulative recurrence rates, respectively, 76.5% and 9.5% (p &lt; 0.0001).
Comparison of lymphatic contrast-enhanced ultrasound and intravenous contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the preoperative diagnosis of axillary sentinel lymph node metastasis in patients with breast cancer
Authors: Zhuang Lingling , Ming Xu , Liu Jun , Jia Chao , Jin Yubiao , Wang Jing , Shi Qiusheng , Wu Rong , Jin Lifang , Du Lianfang 
Published: November 2021

Objectives:
This study aimed to compare diagnostic efficiency for axillary sentinel lymph node (SLN) metastasis between lymphatic contrast-enhanced ultrasound (LCEUS) and intravenous contrast-enhanced ultrasound (ICEUS) in patients with breast cancer. We also examined whether adding ICEUS to LCEUS could improve the diagnostic accuracy of LCEUS.

Methods:
Sixty-nine patients with breast cancer were recruited preoperatively. All patients underwent LCEUS followed by ICEUS, and the enhancement pattern of one SLN was analysed for each patient. The targeted SLN was marked with wire and excised during surgery. The imaging diagnosis was compared with the histopathological result. Diagnostic efficiency was compared among LCEUS, ICEUS, and the combination of LCEUS and ICEUS.

Results:
The sensitivity values for LCEUS, ICEUS, and the combination of LCEUS and ICEUS were 86.2%, 82.6% and 93.1%, respectively. Specificity values for the three methods were 95.0%, 92.5% and 87.5%, respectively. Accuracy values for the three methods were 91.3%, 88.4% and 89.9%, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for LCEUS was 0.906, and there was no significant difference among LCEUS, ICEUS, and the combination of LCEUS and ICEUS (p = 0.752).

Conclusions:
LCEUS may represent an accurate method for predicting SLN metastasis preoperatively. Our findings suggest that adding ICEUS to LCEUS for SLN evaluation in patients with breast cancer is unnecessary.

Advances in knowledge:
This is the first study in which both LCEUS and ICEUS were performed for the same lymph node and the first to compare the diagnostic efficiency of LCEUS, ICEUS, and the combination of LCEUS + ICEUS.
Neonatal digital chest radiography– should we be using additional copper filtration?
Authors: Tugwell-Allsup Jenna Ruth , Morris Rhys Wyn , Thomas Kate , Hibbs Richard , England Andrew 
Published: November 2021

Objectives:
Copper filtration removes lower energy X-ray photons, which do not enhance image quality but would otherwise contribute to patient radiation dose. This study explores the use of additional copper filtration for neonatal mobile chest imaging.

Methods:
A controlled factorial-designed experiment was used to determine the effect of independent variables on image quality and radiation dose. These variables included: copper filtration (0 Cu, 0.1 Cu and 0.2 Cu), exposure factors, source-to-image distance and image receptor position (direct / tray). Image quality was evaluated using absolute visual grading analysis (VGA) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and entrance surface dose (ESD) was derived using an ionising chamber within the central X-ray beam.

Results:
VGA, CNR and ESD significantly reduced (p &lt; 0.01) when using added copper filtration. For 0.1 Cu, the percentage reduction was much greater for ESD (60%) than for VGA (14%) and CNR (20%), respectively. When compared to the optimal combinations of parameters for incubator imaging using no copper filtration, an increase in kV and mAs when using 0.1-mm Cu resulted in better image quality at the same radiation dose (direct) or, equal image quality at reduced dose (in-tray). The use of 0.1-mm Cu for neonatal chest imaging with a corresponding increase in kV and mAs is therefore recommended.

Conclusion:
Using additional copper filtration significantly reduces radiation dose (at increased mAs) without a detrimental effect on image quality.

Advances in knowledge:
This is the first study, using an anthropomorphic phantom, to explore the use of additional Cu for digital radiography neonatal chest imaging and therefore helps inform practice to standardise and optimise this imaging examination.