bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leading Topics in Twitter Discourse on JUUL and Puff Bar Products: Content Analysis
Authors: Allem Jon-Patrick , Dormanesh Allison , Majmundar Anuja , Rivera Vanessa , Chu Maya , Unger Jennifer B , Cruz Tess Boley 
Published: July 2021

Background
In response to the recent government restrictions, flavored JUUL products, which are rechargeable closed-system electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), are no longer available for sale. However, disposable closed-system products such as the flavored Puff Bar e-cigarette continues to be available. If e-cigarette consumers simply switch between products during the current government restrictions limited to 1 type of product over another, then such restrictions would be less effective. A step forward in this line of research is to understand how the public discusses these products by examining discourse referencing both Puff Bar and JUUL in the same conversation. Twitter data provide ample opportunity to capture such early trends that could be used to help public health researchers stay abreast of the rapidly changing e-cigarette marketplace.

Objective
The goal of this study was to examine public discourse referencing both Puff Bar and JUUL products in the same conversation on Twitter.

Methods
We collected data from Twitter’s streaming application programming interface between July 16, 2019, and August 29, 2020, which included both “Puff Bar” and “JUUL” (n=2632). We then used an inductive approach to become familiar with the data and generate a codebook to identify common themes. Saturation was determined to be reached with 10 themes.

Results
Posts often mentioned flavors, dual use, design features, youth use, health risks, switching 1 product for the other, price, confusion over the differences between products, longevity of the products, and nicotine concentration.

Conclusions
On examining the public’s conversations about Puff Bar and JUUL products on Twitter, having described themes in posts, this study aimed to help the tobacco control community stay informed about 2 popular e-cigarette products with different device features, which can be potentially substituted for one another. Future health communication campaigns may consider targeting the health consequences of using multiple e-cigarette products or dual use to reduce exposure to high levels of nicotine among younger populations.
Identifying Communities at Risk for COVID-19–Related Burden Across 500 US Cities and Within New York City: Unsupervised Learning of the Coprevalence of Health Indicators
Authors: Deonarine Andrew , Lyons Genevieve , Lakhani Chirag , De Brouwer Walter 
Published: July 2021

Background
Although it is well-known that older individuals with certain comorbidities are at the highest risk for complications related to COVID-19 including hospitalization and death, we lack tools to identify communities at the highest risk with fine-grained spatial resolution. Information collected at a county level obscures local risk and complex interactions between clinical comorbidities, the built environment, population factors, and other social determinants of health.

Objective
This study aims to develop a COVID-19 community risk score that summarizes complex disease prevalence together with age and sex, and compares the score to different social determinants of health indicators and built environment measures derived from satellite images using deep learning.

Methods
We developed a robust COVID-19 community risk score (COVID-19 risk score) that summarizes the complex disease co-occurrences (using data for 2019) for individual census tracts with unsupervised learning, selected on the basis of their association with risk for COVID-19 complications such as death. We mapped the COVID-19 risk score to corresponding zip codes in New York City and associated the score with COVID-19–related death. We further modeled the variance of the COVID-19 risk score using satellite imagery and social determinants of health.

Results
Using 2019 chronic disease data, the COVID-19 risk score described 85% of the variation in the co-occurrence of 15 diseases and health behaviors that are risk factors for COVID-19 complications among ~28,000 census tract neighborhoods (median population size of tracts 4091). The COVID-19 risk score was associated with a 40% greater risk for COVID-19–related death across New York City (April and September 2020) for a 1 SD change in the score (risk ratio for 1 SD change in COVID-19 risk score 1.4; P<.001) at the zip code level. Satellite imagery coupled with social determinants of health explain nearly 90% of the variance in the COVID-19 risk score in the United States in census tracts (r2=0.87).

Conclusions
The COVID-19 risk score localizes risk at the census tract level and was able to predict COVID-19–related mortality in New York City. The built environment explained significant variations in the score, suggesting risk models could be enhanced with satellite imagery.
e-Cigarette Cessation: Content Analysis of a Quit Vaping Community on Reddit
Authors: Struik Laura , Yang Youjin 
Published: July 2021

Background
e-Cigarette use, also known as vaping, has increased dramatically over the past few years, especially among younger demographics. However, researchers have found that a large number of e-cigarette users want to quit. Little is known about the unique aspects of vaping cessation, which is critical to informing the development of relevant resources and interventions for e-cigarette users who want to quit. Social media forums such as Reddit provide opportunities to understand the experiences of behavior change such as quitting vaping from the perspective of end users.

Objective
This study aims to examine a quit vaping subreddit to understand how e-cigarette users are experiencing and approaching vaping cessation. Specifically, we examine methods used to approach quitting, reasons for quitting, and barriers and facilitators to quitting.

Methods
A total of 1228 posts were collected. The posts were inductively coded to generate categories and subcategories using conventional content analysis. Data were analyzed using the NVivo 12 qualitative data analysis software.

Results
Most users reported a preference for approaching quitting through gradual reduction, particularly through the use of their own devices by tapering the nicotine content. Their reasons for quitting were primarily related to experiencing negative physical consequences associated with vaping, especially in relation to their lungs (eg, tight chest), and tired of feeling stuck to the vape because of nicotine addiction. Top barriers to quitting were related to withdrawal symptoms and intensity of addiction. The top facilitators to quitting were related to using distraction techniques (eg, hobby, gaming, and mindfulness exercises), as well as having a positive mindset.

Conclusions
The findings of this study reveal unique aspects that encompass the process of quitting vaping. These findings have significant implications for both policy and intervention development.
Categorizing Vaccine Confidence With a Transformer-Based Machine Learning Model: Analysis of Nuances of Vaccine Sentiment in Twitter Discourse
Authors: Kummervold Per E , Martin Sam , Dada Sara , Kilich Eliz , Denny Chermain , Paterson Pauline , Larson Heidi J 
Published: July 2021

Background
Social media has become an established platform for individuals to discuss and debate various subjects, including vaccination. With growing conversations on the web and less than desired maternal vaccination uptake rates, these conversations could provide useful insights to inform future interventions. However, owing to the volume of web-based posts, manual annotation and analysis are difficult and time consuming. Automated processes for this type of analysis, such as natural language processing, have faced challenges in extracting complex stances such as attitudes toward vaccination from large amounts of text.

Objective
The aim of this study is to build upon recent advances in transposer-based machine learning methods and test whether transformer-based machine learning could be used as a tool to assess the stance expressed in social media posts toward vaccination during pregnancy.

Methods
A total of 16,604 tweets posted between November 1, 2018, and April 30, 2019, were selected using keyword searches related to maternal vaccination. After excluding irrelevant tweets, the remaining tweets were coded by 3 individual researchers into the categories Promotional, Discouraging, Ambiguous, and Neutral or No Stance. After creating a final data set of 2722 unique tweets, multiple machine learning techniques were trained on a part of this data set and then tested and compared with the human annotators.

Results
We found the accuracy of the machine learning techniques to be 81.8% (F score=0.78) compared with the agreed score among the 3 annotators. For comparison, the accuracies of the individual annotators compared with the final score were 83.3%, 77.9%, and 77.5%.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates that we are able to achieve close to the same accuracy in categorizing tweets using our machine learning models as could be expected from a single human coder. The potential to use this automated process, which is reliable and accurate, could free valuable time and resources for conducting this analysis, in addition to informing potentially effective and necessary interventions.
Evaluating the Impact of COVID-19 on the Adoption of Virtual Care in General Practice in 20 Countries (inSIGHT): Protocol and Rationale Study
Authors: Neves Ana Luísa , Li Edmond , Serafini Alice , Jimenez Geronimo , Lingner Heidrun , Koskela Tuomas H , Hoffman Robert D , Collins Claire , Petek Davorina , Claveria Ana , Tsopra Rosy , Irving Greg , Gusso Gustavo , O’Neill Braden Gregory , Hoedebecke Kyle , Espitia Sandra Milena , Ungan Mehmet , Nessler Katarzyna , Lazic Vanja , Laranjo Liliana , Memarian Ensieh , Fernandez Maria Jose , Ghafur Saira , Fontana Gianluca , Majeed Azeem , Car Josip , Darzi Ara 
Published: July 2021

Background
In recent decades, virtual care has emerged as a promising option to support primary care delivery. However, despite the potential, adoption rates remained low. With the outbreak of COVID-19, it has suddenly been pushed to the forefront of care delivery. As we progress into the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic, there is a need and opportunity to review the impact remote care had in primary care settings and reassess its potential future role.

Objective
This study aims to explore the perspectives of general practitioners (GPs) and family doctors on the (1) use of virtual care during the COVID-19 pandemic, (2) perceived impact on quality and safety of care, and (3) essential factors for high-quality and sustainable use of virtual care in the future.

Methods
This study used an online cross-sectional questionnaire completed by GPs distributed across 20 countries. The survey was hosted in Qualtrics and distributed using email, social media, and the researchers’ personal contact networks. GPs were eligible for the survey if they were working mainly in primary care during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic. Descriptive statistical analysis will be performed for quantitative variables, and relationships between the use of virtual care and perceptions on impact on quality and safety of care and participants’ characteristics may be explored. Qualitative data (free-text responses) will be analyzed using framework analysis.

Results
Data collection took place from June 2020 to September 2020. As of this manuscript’s submission, a total of 1605 GP respondents participated in the questionnaire. Further data analysis is currently ongoing.

Conclusions
The study will provide a comprehensive overview of the availability of virtual care technologies, perceived impact on quality and safety of care, and essential factors for high-quality future use. In addition, a description of the underlying factors that influence this adoption and perceptions, in both individual GP and family doctor characteristics and the context in which they work, will be provided. While the COVID-19 pandemic may prove the first great stress test of the capabilities, capacity, and robustness of digital systems currently in use, remote care will likely remain an increasingly common approach in the future. There is an imperative to identify the main lessons from this unexpected transformation and use them to inform policy decisions and health service design.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/30099
The use of nonrandomized evidence to estimate treatment effects in health technology assessment
Authors: Kent Seamus , Salcher-Konrad Maximilian , Boccia Stefania , Bouvy Jacoline C , Waure Chiara de , Espin Jaime , Facey Karen , Nguyen Mary , Rejon-Parrilla Juan Carlos , Jonsson Pall 
Published: July 2021

Health technology assessment (HTA) is increasingly informed by nonrandomized studies, but there is limited guidance from HTA bodies on expectations around evidence quality and study conduct. We developed recommendations to support the appropriate use of such evidence based on a pragmatic literature review and a workshop involving 16 experts from eight countries as part of the EU’s Horizon-2020 IMPACT-HTA program (work package six). To ensure HTA processes remain rigorous and robust, HTA bodies should demand clear, extensive and structured reporting of nonrandomized studies, including an in-depth assessment of the risk of bias. In recognition of the additional uncertainty imparted by nonrandomized designs in estimates of treatment effects, HTA bodies should strengthen early scientific advice and engage in collaborative efforts to improve use of real-world data.
Pengaruh Latihan Penguatan Dengan Elastic Band Dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Pasien Osteoarthritis Knee Di Rumah Sakit Condong Catur Sleman
Authors: Wahyuni Wahyuni , Zakaria Ricky Fauzi 
Published: July 2021

Background Osteoarthritis is a degenerative disease caused by joint cartilage damage. The main symptoms of osteoarthritis are pain and movement disorders that can affect the functional disorders. The prevalence of knee osteoarthritis in Indonesia is quite high reaching 15.5% in men and 12.7% in women. It is estimated that 1 to 2 million older people in Indonesia suffer from disabilities due to osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis treatment is intended to reduce pain improve functional ability and prevent deformity. Elastic band strengthening exercises are exercises that can be used to reduce pain increase muscle strength and functional ability.Objective This study aims at determining the effect of elastic band strengthening exercises in improving knee osteoarthritis functional capabilities.Method The method used in this study was quasi-experimental with pre and post-test control group design. The number of respondents of this study was 20 respondents diagnosed with knee osteoarthritis in Condong Catur Hospital Sleman. Respondents were randomly divided into two groups namely the treatment group that received elastic band strengthening exercise treatment and the control group that received standard treatment given at the hospital. The treatment was given twice a week for four weeks. Measurement of functional ability was done using WOMAC score.Results There was a decrease in pain level in the treatment group while in the control group the pain level was still the same as before. In the functional ability there was an increase in the treatment group. The statistical test showed that there was an influence between the treatment group and the control group.Conclusion Elastic band strengthening exercises effectively improved functional capabilities in knee osteoarthritis in Condong Catur Hospital Sleman.Keywords elastic band strengthening exercises functional capabilities knee osteoarthritis
Peranan Organisasi ROHIS Dalam Membentuk Akhlak Peserta Didik Di SMA Negeri 2 Kota Pariaman
Authors: Abdullah Rahmiwati , Sulaiman Sulaiman 
Published: July 2021

Abstrak
Dalam keseharian peserta didik di SMAN 2 Pariaman kurang menerapkan nilai-nilai akhlak. Secara ideal PAI menjadi solusi dalam masalah tersebut, tetapi minimnya alokasi waktu menjadi faktor penghambat, ROHIS sebagai wadah organisasi dakwah berupaya memperbaiki kualitas akhlak dengan program kegiatan keagamaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan program kegiatan, implementasi dan dampak positif dari program ROHIS. Metode yang digunakan kualitatif deskriptif dengan instrumen observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi dan kuesioner. Analisis data menggunakan teknik reduksi, display, kesimpulan dan diabsahkan dengan triangulasi sumber. Hasil yang diperoleh terdapat 14 program tetap: open rekrutmen, mubes, LDKR, pengelolaan mushola, kultum jumat, rihlah, forum annisa, mentoring, bazar, tahfidz, tadarus, ROGAB, mabit,dan buka bareng, dan 8 program tambahan: PHBI, mading, NOBAR, bedah buku, studi banding, PHBN, aksi berbagi, dan pelatihan skil. Dampak dari kegiatan ROHIS terbentuknya akhlak baik terhadap allah, rasul, manusia, dan lingkungan. Kesimpulan penelitian adalah program kegiatan ROHIS sangat berperan dalam pembentukan akhlak, dapat dilihat dari keseharian peserta didik.
Kata kunci : ROHIS,Akhlak,Peserta didik
Abstract
In everyday life, students at SMAN 2 Pariaman do not apply moral values. Ideally PAI is a solution to this problem, but the lack of time allocation is an inhibiting factor, ROHIS as a place for da'wah organizations strives to improve the quality of morals with religious activity programs. This study aims to describe the program activities, implementation and positive impacts of the ROHIS program. The method used is descriptive qualitative with observation instruments, interviews, documentation and questionnaires. Data analysis using reduction techniques, display, conclusions and validated by triangulation of sources. The results obtained are 14 permanent programs: open rekrutmen, mubes, LDKR, pengelolaan mushola, kultum jumat, rihlah, forum annisa, mentoring, bazaar, tahfidz, tadarus, ROGAB, mabit, and buka bareng, and 8 additional programs: PHBI, mading, NOBAR, bedah buku, studi banding, PHBN, aksi berbagi, and pelatihan skil. The impact of ROHIS is the formation of good morals for God, apostles, humans, and the environment. The conclusion of this research is that the ROHIS activity program plays a very important role in the formation of morals, it can be seen from the daily lives of students.
Keywords: ROHIS,morals, students
Formation of imperatives of the creative economy creation under the influence of intellectual and innovative determinants
Authors: Popelo Olha , Tulchynska Svitlana , Sytnyk Hanna , Vysochyn Iryna , Khanin Semen 
Published: July 2021

The essence of the concept of imperativism is revealed through a triad of interpretations: as the results of the formalization of norms and rules; as scientific statements and research conditions; as beliefs and principles of socio-economic behavior. The approaches to research and description of imperatives have been established and formalized. The article provides an interpretation in the context of the creative economy concept and its formation in terms of intellectual and innovative determinants. The formation of the imperatives system of creative economy is proposed to be formalized in three stages - the first imperatives take the form of recommendations, the second integrates for the commercialization of ideas, the third stage takes the form of norms and standards to ensure profitability, sustainability and competitiveness of the regional economy.
PROBLEMS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PRINCIPLE OF GENDER EQUALITY (COMPARATIVE LEGAL ASPECT)
Authors: Mendzhul Maria 
Published: July 2021

The purpose of the study is to identify the problems in the implementation of the principle of gender equality in Ukraine and European states.
This goal was achieved through the application of a system of methods, including comparative method, formal law method and statistical method.
The study has identified that the principle of gender equality prohibits discriminatory treatment on the basis of gender in different spheres of social relations. However, there is no single approach to understanding the concept of gender equality, which is described as: equality between the rights of men and women; fair treatment of men and women; equal access to resources and their fair distribution between men and women.
It is substantiated that the principle of gender equality is a sub-principle of the principle of equality and means guaranteeing equal rights and opportunities regardless of gender.
The principle of gender equality is examined in international law, including the provisions of the Council of Europe's Gender Equality Strategy for 2018-2023 and their implementation in Ukraine. The European Court of Human Rights' (ECtHR) practice of interpreting the content of the principle of gender equality and its scope is analyzed. The ECtHR has established that gender-based violence is the form of discrimination against women.
The Court of Justice of the European Union has established the elimination of discrimination on grounds of sex as a general principle of EU law which should be guaranteed by a court.
Family policy models in different states have been studied through the prism of gender equality, in particular: the pronatalist model (formed in France); the traditional model (historically originated in Germany); a pro-egalitarian model (Sweden is a typical representative); family model (mainly applied in the UK, the US and Canada). It is justified that nowadays, mixed models of family policy prevail, which combine traditional models in different proportions. In Ukraine, there is a similarly mixed model of family policy model that can be characterised as more pro-natalist model.
The study concludes that real gender equality can be achieved in the case of an effective gender-based public policy, which should: stimulate gender expertise; introduce quotas for representation of women in all areas of employment, except those that may harm their health; ensure that gender components are taken into account in all economic and social development programs; introduce a gender component through the educational process in the secondary, vocational and higher education system; ensure gender mainstreaming in teacher training programs and public officials; promote the elimination of gender stereotypes and counteract discrimination; contribute to reducing the remuneration gap; to promote the activities of public associations in the field of gender equality and combating domestic violence, etc.