bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can The Function of The Tubarial Glands Be Evaluated Using 99mTc-pertechnetate SPECT/CT, 18F-FDG PET/CT, and 11C-Methionine PET/CT?
Authors: Matsusaka Yohji , Yamane Tomohiko , Fukushima Kenji , Seto Akira , Matsunari Ichiro , Kuji Ichiei 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background The tubarial glands (TGs) are recently reported as newly found salivary gland structures that can be organs at risk predominantly localized in the tori tubarius in the nasopharynx using prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PSMA PET/CT). The aims of this study were to analyze uptake in the TGs compared with that in the other salivary glands and palatine tonsils using 99mTc-pertechnetate SPECT/CT, 18F-FDG PET/CT, and 11C-methionine PET/CT, and to confirm whether these three imaging modalities are useful in evaluating the physiological function of the TGs. Twelve and 130 patients, who underwent 99mTc-pertechnetate SPECT/CT and 18F-FDG/11C-methionine PET/CT, respectively, were retrospectively included. 99mTc-pertechnetate uptake in the tori tubarius was visually assessed and semiquantitatively compared with that in the background, parotid salivary glands (PSGs), submandibular salivary glands (SmSGs), and sublingual salivary glands (SlSGs). Correlations of 18F-FDG and 11C-methionine uptakes in the tori tubarius with those in the other three salivary glands and palatine tonsils were analyzed. Results 99mTc-pertechnetate uptake in the tori tubarius was invisible and was not significantly higher than that in the background. Both 18F-FDG and 11C-methionine uptakes in the tori tubarius were correlated with that in the palatine tonsils (r = 0.56, p < 0.0001; r = 0.48, p < 0.0001, respectively). 18F-FDG uptake in the tori tubarius was not positively correlated with that in the PSGs, SmSGs, and SlSGs (r = –0.19, p = 0.03; r = –0.02, p = 0.81; r = 0.12, p = 0.17, respectively). 11C-methionine uptake in the tori tubarius was correlated with that in the SmSGs and SlSGs (r = 0.24, p = 0.01; r = 0.32, p < 0.01, respectively), but not with that in the PSGs (r = 0.16, p = 0.08). Conclusions The TGs were undetectable on 99mTc-pertechnetate SPECT/CT. Both 18F-FDG and 11C-methionine uptakes in the tori tubarius were clearly affected by that in the palatine tonsils and was little related to that in the other salivary glands. Therefore, it seems difficult to evaluate the physiological function of the TGs as salivary glands using 99mTc-pertechnetate SPECT/CT, 18F-FDG PET/CT, and 11C-methionine PET/CT imaging.
Biochar Promotes Methane Production During Anaerobic Digestion of Organic Waste
Authors: Xiao Leilei , Lichtfouse Eric , Kumar Senthil , Wang Quan , Liu Fanghua 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Climate change and energy demand are calling more sustainable fuels such as biomethane produced by anaerobic digestion of organic waste. Biochar addition to waste is presumed to enhance the efficiency of methane production, yet individual reports disclose contradictory results. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis of 27 selected publications containing 156 paired measurements of control and biochar-amended treatments to assess the impact of biochar on methanogenic performance. Results show that biochar promotes biomethane production substantially with a high Hedge's d value of 5.7 ± 1.04, yet sporadic publications report a methane decline. Methanogenic performance is statistically controlled by feedstock type, pyrolysis temperature and biochar concentration, but not controlled by pH, size, surface area and methanogen species. Our findings should help to tune the parameters of anaerobic digestion with biochar to optimize biomethane productions.
LncRNA HOTAIR promotes proliferation and inhibits apoptosis by sponging miR-214-3p in HPV16 positive cervical cancer cells
Authors: Zhou Yu , Wang Yuqing , Lin Mingying , Wu Daiqian , Zhao Min 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the most common gynecological malignancies all around the world. The mechanisms of cervical carcinoma formation remain under close scrutiny. The long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) and microRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in controlling gene expression and promoting the development and progression of cervical cancer by acting as competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA). However, the roles of lncRNA associated with ceRNAs in cervical carcinogenesis remains unknown. In this study, the expression of LncRNA HOTAIR was investigated in HPV16 positive cervical cancer cells, the candidate miRNAs and target genes were identified to clarify putative ceRNAs of HOTAIR/miRNA in cervical cancer cells.
Methods
The proliferate ability of cells was measured by CCK8 and EdU incorporation assays and cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. The expression of HOTAIR, miR-214-3p, HPV16 E7 mRNA were detected by qRT-PCR. As for searching for the interaction between miR-214-3p and HOTAIR, the binding sites for miR-214-3p on HOTAIR was predicted by starbase v2.0 database, then dual-luciferase assay was used to verify the binding sites. In addition, Gene Ontology (GO) and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis of target genes of miR-214-3p were performed with bioinformatics analysis. For potential signaling pathway regulated by miR-214-3p, we conducted pathway enrichment analysis by KEGG analysis and obtained key pathways in cervical cancer cells.
Results
Our results showed that the expression of HOTAIR was up-regulated, while that of miR-214-3p was down-regulated in HPV16-positive cervical cancer cells. The expression status of HPV16 E7 played an important role in regulating the expression of HOTAIR or miR-214-3p in cervical cancer cells. LncRNA HOTAIR knockdown could significantly inhibited cell proliferate ability and promote cellular apoptosis, whereas the inhibition of miR-214-3p expression partially reversed such results. Bioinformatics analysis identified 1451 genes as target genes of miR-214-3p. The Gene ontology (GO) and KEGG Pathway enrichment analysis showed that these target genes were mainly related to regulation of cell communication, protein binding, enzyme binding and transferase activity, and Wnt ligand biogenesis. Pathway enrichment analysis results showed that the predicted target genes were significantly enriched in Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Finally, our results confirmed that miR-214-3p could significantly inhibit β-catenin expression in HPV16 positive cancer cells by qPCR and WB analysis.
Conclusion
HOTAIR could act as a ceRNA through binding to miR-214-3p, promote cell proliferation and inhibit the apoptosis of HPV16 positive cervical cancer. HOTAIR/miR-214-3p/Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway might play important roles related with HPV16 positive cervical cancer. Our results provided a new perspective for identifying novel biomarkers for cervical cancer.
Characterization and Functional Evaluation of Surface Texture of Micro Eccentric Shaft Based on Multi-index
Authors: Cheng Minghui , Jiao Li , Yan Pei , Niu Zhongke , Qiu Tianyang , Wang Xibin , Zhang Baorong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Micro eccentric shaft has important application in many high-tech fields because of its small specific gravity, material and energy saving. The surface texture generated during processing has an indispensable influence on the surface integrity and the final functional capability. However, due to the micro scale and weak rigidity, it is difficult to characterize the surface texture and evaluate the functionality by traditional quantitative parameters. In order to comprehensively realize the surface texture characterization and functional analysis, a mathematical model is established to analyze the surface texture machined with different cutting tools. AnchorThe machining deformation of the micro eccentric shaft machined during turn-milling with different cutting tools is compensated. Then the surface microscopic profile and functional performance of the surface texture are analyzed by amplitude distribution function (ADF) and bearing area curve (BAC), and the surface texture is also evaluated by fractal dimension, which can avoid the effect of scale and resolution. Furthermore, power spectrum density (PSD) is utilized to analyze the relationship between the process dynamic state and geometrical specification of the surface texture. It is shown that the microscopic height distribution of surface machined by flat end milling cutter tends to be more random and there are more microscopic geometric features than that of the ball end milling cutter. The machined surface obtained by the flat end milling cutter has better load bearing, wear resistance and liquid retention capability.
The psychological effects of perceived threat, national identity and self-esteem on the well-being of Qatari youth during the blockade
Authors: Amin Azzam , McCashin Darragh , Abdelrahman Mohamed , Al-Adwan Duaa , Hasan Youssef 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background

In 2017, the unprecedented blockade of Qatar by neighboring Gulf states caused a plethora of effects on the country at a psychological, socio-political, and identity level. This paper sought to examine the resulting psychological effects of this blockade in Qatar but with a focus on the younger population.
Methods

Using self-report questionnaire data from Qatari secondary school students (n = 1410), a multiple regression model investigated the predictive effects of youth self-esteem, national identity, and perceived threat on the well-being of students.
Results

The model predicted 23.9% of the variance in the overall dataset. The results indicated that the model was a significant predictor of well-being, F (3, 1406) = 148.35, p = .000. While self-esteem significantly contributed to the model (B = .473, p = .000), as did perceived threat (B = − .058, p = 0.013); Qatari identity did not display a significant predictive effect (B = .040, p = .089).
Conclusions

In the context of the conflict, perceived threat and self-esteem play a crucial role in predicting youth wellbeing.
Decrease of extracellular volume triggers exercise-induced bronchoconstriction to protect the body from water loss
Authors: Yu Li , Zhou Yun 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction describes the narrowing of the airway that occurs during or immediately after exercise. People with Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction are very sensitive to both low temperatures and dry air, the physiological mechanism of Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction is not very clear. This study aims to investigate the physiological mechanisms of Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction in view of the body self-protection response. Methods: The values of the extracellular volume of 23 Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction alone compared with the values of 23 healthy adults by comparing the values of their 24-hour urinary sodium excretion, since it is a non-invasive examination. Result: The values of the extracellular volume of the patients were lower than that of healthy adults. Conclusion: We propose that the exercise-induced bronchoconstriction is a kind of an unconditional response that protects the body from water loss, more specifically, the decrease of extracellular volume triggers Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction to protect the body from water loss.
Functional and Transcriptional Analysis of Chromosomal Encoded hipBAXn2 Type II Toxin-Antitoxin (TA) Module From Xenorhabdus Nematophila
Authors: Yadav Mohit , Rathore Jitendra 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Xenorhabdus nematophila is an entomopathogenic bacterium that synthesizes numerous toxins and kills its larval host. The genome of this bacterium also encodes a total of 39 putative toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems. These systems are also associated with maintaining the bacterial genomic stability and survival of bacteria under adverse environmental conditions. Three hipBA TA homologs were identified on the chromosome of X. nematophila, among them first hipBAXn TA has been studied, second hipBAXn2 TA is still unexplored while third hipBAXn3 TA has been reported as a pseudo-type TA system. Thus, for the first time, here, we are exploring the functionality of the type II hipBAXn2 TA system. This TA system was identified in the genome of X. nematophila ATCC 19061 (NCBI Refseq NC_014228) at position 3774379–3775635 bp, which consists of hipAXn2 toxin gene encoding 270 amino acid residues protein and hipBXn2 encoding antitoxin of 135 amino acid residues protein. It was observed that the overexpression of HipAXn2 toxin inhibits the growth of Escherichia coli cells in a bacteriostatic manner and amino-acids G8, H164, N167, and S169 were key residues for its toxicity. Promoter activity and expression profiling of messenger RNA from the hipBAXn2 TA system was also studied and showed that it was activated in both E. coli as well as X. nematophila upon exposure to different stress conditions. Further, we have exhibited the binding features of HipAXn2 toxin and HipBXn2 antitoxin to their promoter. This study provides the first evidence for the presence of a functional and active hipBAXn2 TA system in X. nematophila.
Breaking a Dogma: Acute Anti-Inflammatory Treatment Alters Both Post-Lesional Functional Recovery and Endogenous Adaptive Plasticity Mechanisms in a Rodent Model of Acute Peripheral Vestibulopathy.
Authors: Mahmoudi Nada El , Rastoldo Guillaume , Marouane Emna , Péricat David , Watabe Isabelle , Tonetto Alain , Hautefort Charlotte , Chabbert Christian , Sargolini Francesca , Tighilet Brahim 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background : Due to their anti-inflammatory action, corticosteroids are the reference treatment for brain injuries and many inflammatory diseases. However, the benefits of acute corticotherapy are now being questioned, particularly in the case of acute peripheral vestibulopathies (APV), characterized by a vestibular syndrome composed of sustained spinning vertigo, spontaneous ocular nystagmus and oscillopsia, perceptual-cognitive, posturo-locomotor, and vegetative disorders. We assessed the effectiveness of acute corticotherapy, and the functional role of acute inflammation observed after sudden unilateral vestibular loss. Methods : We used the rodent model of unilateral vestibular neurectomy, mimicking the syndrome observed in patients with APV. We treated the animals during the acute phase of the vestibular syndrome, either with placebo or methylprednisolone, an anti-inflammatory corticosteroid. We used both cellular and behavioral approaches with 2-way ANOVA statistical analysis to evaluate the consequences of an acute anti-inflammatory treatment on post-lesional plasticity and functional recovery. Results : We show here, for the first time, that acute anti-inflammatory treatment alters the expression of the adaptive plasticity mechanisms in the deafferented vestibular nuclei and generates enhanced and prolonged vestibular and postural deficits. Conclusions : These results strongly suggest a beneficial role for acute endogenous neuroinflammation in vestibular compensation. They open the way to a change in dogma for the treatment and therapeutic management of vestibular patients.
Artificial Intelligence helps triage and monitoring of COVID-19 Intensive Care patients
Authors: boussen salah , Cordier Pierre-Yves , Malet Arthur , Simeone Pierre , Cataldi Sophie , Vaisse Camille , Roche Xavier , Castelli Alexandre , Assal Mehdi , Pépin Guillaume , Cot Kevin , Denis Jean-Baptiste , Morales Timothée , Velly Lionel , Bruder Nicolas 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background:

The rapid spread of coronavirus disease COVID 19 calls for early screening and monitoring of these patients to distinguish those that are likely to worsen from stable patients that may be directed to intermediate care facilities. We designed an algorithm for COVID-19 patients severity assessment, dynamic intubation and prolonged stay prediction using the Breathing Frequency (BF) and oxygen saturation (SPO2) signals.
Methods

We recorded BF, and SPO2 signals of confirmed COVID-19 patients admitted during the first and second outbreak of the pandemic in France (March to May 2020 and September 2020 to February 2021) in an ICU of a teaching hospital. We extracted four features from the signals that represent the four last hours before intubation for intubated patients and the mean of the four hours before the median intubation time for non-intubated patients. These data were used to train AI algorithms for intubation recognition. Algorithm robustness was checked on a validation set of patients. We selected the best algorithm that was applied every hour to predict intubation, thus a severity evaluation. We performed a 24h moving average of these predictions giving a S24 severity score that represent the patient's severity during the last 24 h. MS24, the maximum of S24 was confronted with the risk of intubation and prolonged ICU stay (> 5 days).
Results

We included 177 patients. Among the tested algorithms, the Logistic regression classifier had the best performance. The model had an accuracy of 88.9 % for intubation recognition (AUC = 0.92). The accuracy on the validation set was 92.6 %. The S24 score of intubated patients was significantly higher than non-intubated patients 48h before intubation and increased 24 hours before intubation. MS24 score allows distinguishing three severity situations with an increased risk of intubation: green (3%), orange (30%) and red (76%). A MS24 score superior to 20 was highly predictive of an ICU stay greater than 5 day with an accuracy of 88.8% (AUC = 0.95).
Conclusions

The score we designed uses simple signals and seems to be efficient to visualize the patient's respiratory situation and may help in decision-making. Real-time computation is easy to implement.
Large Ellipsoid Parts Manufacture Using Electromagnetic Incremental Forming With Variable Blankholder Structure
Authors: Cui Xiaohui , Ziqin Yan , Baoguo Chen , Zhihao Du , Ang Xiao , Hailiang Yu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The large ellipsoid parts are the main load-bearing components in the rocket tank, which are prone to wrinkle when using the traditional stamping. In order to solve the wrinkling problem in large parts, the EMIF method with a variable blank holder is proposed in this paper. The numerical simulation has shown that the sheet material near the blank holder is, as a consequence of stamping, subjected to circumferential compressive stress. When the drawing height was 100 mm, the sheet metal was notably wrinkled. In the electromagnetic forming (EMF) process, the sheet region facing the coil becomes thinner. However, the sheet metal thickness corresponding to the coil edge increases with the increase in forming height. If the EMF forming height is 150 mm, the sheet, which is in contact with the smooth mold, is deformed without a wrinkle. Compared to the traditional stamping, the EMF can significantly reduce the sheet metal wrinkling, improving the deformation height of the sheet metal smooth area.
Tunable optoelectronic properties of a two-dimensional graphene/α-In2Se3/graphene-based ferroelectric semiconductor field-effect transistor
Authors: Abderrahmane Abdelkader , Woo Changlim , Ko Pil Ju 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials are promising for future electronic and optoelectronic devices. In particular, 2D material-based photodetectors have been widely studied because of their excellent photodetection performance. Owing to its excellent electrical and optical characteristics, 2D indium selenide (α-In2Se3) is a good candidate for photodetection applications. In addition, α-In2Se3 samples, including atom-thick α-In2Se3 layers, present ferroelectric properties. Herein, we report the fabrication and electrical and optoelectronic properties of multilayered graphene (Gr)/α-In2Se3/Gr-based ferroelectric semiconductor field-effect transistors (FeS-FETs). Furthermore, we discuss the physical mechanisms affecting electronic and optoelectronic transport in the Gr/α-In2Se3/Gr heterostructure. Large hysteresis was observed in the transfer characteristic curves and it was attributed to the ferroelectric polarization of MTL α-In2Se3 and carrier trapping–detrapping effects. The optoelectronic performance of the fabricated FeS-FETs depended on the ferroelectric properties of α-In2Se3 and can be easily tuned to achieve the maximum photoresponsivity and specific detectivity of 10 AW-1 and 4.4 × 1012 cmHz1/2W-1, respectively.
Worldwide Prevalence of HIV Associated Neurocognitive Disorders (HAND) and its associated factors: A systematic review and meta- analysis
Authors: Zenebe Yosef , Necho Mogesie , Yimam Wondwosen , Akele Baye 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: HIV associated neurocognitive disorders are common in people living with HIV/AIDS and affects adherence of patients to prescription, activities of daily living and quality of life of patients. However, there is a lack of summative evidence in the area. The present meta-analysis was therefore employed to address this gap. Methods: we used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines during our electronic search in Psych-Info, EMBASE, Scopus and PubMed. The retrieved articles were stored with endnote reference manager and data was extracted using Meta-XL version 5.3. The quality of studies were evaluated with modified Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS). A random-effect model and STATA-16 were used to compute the average estimate of HAND. Heterogeneity was weighed with I2 statistics. A sensitivity analysis and subgroup analysis were employed. The existence /nonexistence of a publication bias were checked with the eye ball test and eggers test of publication bias.Results: The average prevalence of HAND was 50.41% (95% CI: 45.56, 55.26). The average estimate of HAND in Europe was found to be 50.015% whereas in Africa, Asia and United States of America (USA) it was 49.566%, 52.032 %, 50.407% respectively. The prevalence of HAND in studies which used HIV Dementia Scale (IHDS) was 36.883% & 59.956% at a cutoff points of IHDS< 9.5 & IHDS <10 respectively. In addition the estimated average of HAND with the global dementia scale (GDS) was 40.766%. The prevalence of HAND in cross-sectional, cohort and case control studies was 49.52%, 54.087% and 44.45% in that order. Sociodemographic variables such as low level of education and older age, clinical and HIV related variables such as advanced stage of the illness and CD4 count of 500 cells/dl or less and psychological variables such as comorbidity of depression increases the risk of HAND.Conclusion: The average prevalence of HAND was high (more than half of participants) and factors such as low level of education, older age, advanced stage of the illness and comorbidity of depression increases the risk of HAND. Public health interventions to HIV patients should target these essential problems.
Nuclear-Targeted TAT-PZLL-D3 Co-Delivery DOX and p53 for Chemotherapy Resistance of SCLC
Authors: Wang Dan , Cao Tianshou , Li Wanyu , Li Li , Huang Qunfa , Yang Huiling , Chen Hua , lin jiantao 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) accounts for 13% ~ 15% of lung cancer. It is a subtype with high malignancy and poor prognosis. Almost all patients with SCLC will inevitably have drug resistance and tumor recurrence, which has become an urgent problem in the treatment of SCLC. Nuclear-targeted drug delivery system, which enables intra-nuclear release of anticancer drugs, is expected to address this challenge. In this study, based on transactivator of transcription (TAT)’s active transport property to the nucleus, we developed a high-efficiency nucleus-targeted co-delivery vector that delivers genes and drugs directly into the nucleus of A549 cells. The system is based on a poly-(N-ε-carbobenzyloxy-L-lysine) (PZLL) and dendritic polyamidoamine (PAMAM) block copolymer (PZLL-D3) with TAT modified on the surface of carrier. In vitro studies showed that DOX and p53 could can be effectively transported to the nucleus and kill the cancer cells. Thus, such deliver system would bypass the drug resistance and tumor recurrence problem.