bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes With Late/Very Late Stent Thrombosis and de novo Lesions: A Single-Center Observational Cohort Study of Clinical Outcomes and Influencing Factors
Authors: Zhao Xiaoxiao , Lan Jun , Yu Xiaoping , Zhou Jinying , Tan Yu , Sheng Zhaoxue , Li Jiannan , Wang Ying , Chen Runzhen , Liu Chen , Zhou Peng , Chen Yi , Song Li , Zhao Hanjun , Yan Hongbing 
Published: June 2021

Background: This study compared differences in the risk factors and clinical outcomes of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and non-DM patients with de novo lesions (DNLs) and late or very late stent thrombosis (LST/VLST).Methods: We used angiography to screen 4,151 patients with acute coronary syndrome for DNL and LST/VLST lesions. Overall, 3,941 patients were included in the analysis and were allocated to the DM (n = 1,286) or non-DM (n = 2,665) group at admission. The primary endpoint was a composite of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), defined as death, myocardial infarction, revascularization, and ischemic stroke, within a median follow-up period of 698 days.Results: In the group with a total white blood cell count &gt;10 × 109/L (P = 0.004), a neutral granular cell count &gt;7 × 109/L (P = 0.030), and neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio &gt;1.5 (P = 0.041), revascularization was better for DNL than for LST/VLST lesions. Among DM patients with DNLs, each unit increase in age was associated with a 53.6% increase in the risk of MACEs [hazard ratio (HR): 1.536, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.300–1.815, P &lt; 0.0001]. Older age (≥65 years) was associated with a significantly greater risk of MACEs (P &lt; 0.0001). Furthermore, each standard deviation (SD) increase in the level of peak white blood cell counts was associated with a 50.1% increase in the risk of MACEs (HR, 1.501; 95% CI, 1.208–1.864; P = 0.0002). When stratifying the DM population with DNLs according to the D-dimer baseline and peak levels &lt;0.5 vs. ≥0.5 mg/L, the high D-dimer group at baseline had a 2.066-fold higher risk of MACEs (P &lt; 0.0001), and the high peak level D-dimer group had a 1.877-fold higher risk of MACEs (P = 0.001) compared to the low-level groups. Among DM patients with LST/VLST, each unit increase in age was associated with a 75.9% increase in the risk of MACEs (HR: 1.759, 95% CI, 1.052–2.940, P = 0.032). Furthermore, for each SD increase in the peak D-dimer level, the risk of MACEs increased by 59.7% (HR, 1.597; 95% CI, 1.110–2.295; P = 0.041).Conclusion: Following successful primary PCI, the measurement of baseline and peak D-dimer values may help identify individuals at high cardiovascular risk. This suggests a potential benefit of lowering D-dimer levels among T2DM patients with DNL. Furthermore, age and the peak D-dimer values may facilitate the risk stratification of T2DM patients with LST/VLST.
Assessment and Analysis of a Rainfall–Time-Lagging Water-Related Disaster in Mountainous Areas
Authors: Yan Xu-Feng , Xu Hui , Lu Heng , Zhou Jia-Wen , Wang Xie-Kang , Wang Lu 
Published: June 2021

Both global climate change and human activities are continuously impacting the abruptness and frequency of water-related natural disasters such as flash floods, debris flows, and landslides in mountainous areas, greatly threatening the safety of lives and properties. A recent rainfall-induced debris flow event happened on July 6, 2020 in the Chenghuangmiao Gully, in Sichuan Province, China, resulting in severe damage to buildings at the outlet. An integrated analysis of the consequence and triggering mechanism of this debris flow event was conducted with hydrologic information, topographic details, vegetation regimes, and drone aerial imagery. The result shows that the entire runout of the debris flow differs from that of common ones (debris flow and rainfall were highly related and synchronized), which happened 4 h after the stop of the rainfall. The hysteretic feature increases the difficulty of the prediction and warning of the debris flow due to lack of a responsible triggering mechanism. The hillslope surface is well covered by vegetation, hindering regular observation and cleaning up of long-term deposited wood and sediment debris. This effect increases the crypticity and abruptness of potential debris flows. With field evidence and analysis, it is speculated that long-term accumulative processes of dead wood sand sediment deposition formed a small-scale debris dam, and the continuous water release from the watershed led to dam breaching, subsequently triggering the initiation of the debris flow. Multiple steps distributing along the gully of an average slope of 15.65° contributed to the amplification of the debris flow once the breach of the upstream wood and sediment dam occurred. Along the gully, small-scale landslide scars can be observed, possibly amplifying the scale of the debris flow and disaster impact. This debris event gives a lesson of necessary demands of predicting and managing the risks of a low-frequency debris flow non-synchronized with rainfall events.
DFT Study on Regulating the Electronic Structure and CO2 Reduction Reaction in BiOBr/Sulphur-Doped G-C3N4 S-Scheme Heterojunctions
Authors: Fei Xingang , Zhang Liuyang , Yu Jiaguo , Zhu Bicheng 
Published: June 2021

Photocatalytic CO2 reduction is a promising method to mitigate the greenhouse effect and energy shortage problem. Development of effective photocatalysts is vital in achieving high photocatalytic activity. Herein, the S-scheme heterojunctions composed by BiOBr and g-C3N4 with or without S doping are thoroughly investigated for CO2 reduction by density functional theory (DFT) calculation. Work function and charge density difference demonstrate the existence of a built-in electric field in the system, which contributes to the separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. Enhanced strength of a built-in electric field is revealed by analysis of Bader charge and electric field intensity. The results indicate that S doping can tailor the electronic structures and thus improve the photocatalytic activity. According to the change in absorption coefficient, system doping can also endow the heterojunction with increased visible light absorption. The in-depth investigation indicates that the superior CO2 reduction activity is ascribed to low rate-determining energy. And both of the heterojunctions are inclined to generate CH3OH rather than CH4. Furthermore, S doping can further reduce the energy from 1.23 to 0.44 eV, indicating S doping is predicted to be an efficient photocatalyst for reducing CO2 into CH3OH. Therefore, this paper provides a theoretical basis for designing appropriate catalysts through element doping and heterojunction construction.
Altered Posterior Cerebellar Lobule Connectivity With Perigenual Anterior Cingulate Cortex in Women With Primary Dysmenorrhea
Authors: Wu Xiaoyan , Yu Wenjun , Tian Xuwei , Liang Zhiying , Su Yun , Wang Zhihui , Li Xiumei , Yang Li , Shen Jun 
Published: June 2021

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the potential connectivity mechanism between the cerebellum and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the cerebellar structure in primary dysmenorrhea (PDM).Methods: We applied the spatially unbiased infratentorial template (SUIT) of the cerebellum to obtain anatomical details of cerebellar lobules, upon which the functional connectivity (FC) between the cerebellar lobules and ACC subregions was analyzed and the gray matter (GM) volume of cerebellar lobules was measured by using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) in 35 PDM females and 38 age-matched healthy females. The potential relationship between the altered FC or GM volume and clinical information was also evaluated in PDM females.Results: PDM females showed higher connectivity between the left perigenual ACC (pACC) and lobule vermis_VI, between the left pACC and left lobule IX, and between right pACC and right cerebellar lobule VIIb than did the healthy controls. Compared with healthy controls, no altered GM volume was found in PDM females. No significant correlation was found between altered cerebellum–ACC FC and the clinical variables in the PDM females.Conclusion: PDM females have abnormal posterior cerebellar connectivity with pACC but no abnormal structural changes. ACC–cerebellar circuit disturbances might be involved in the PDM females.
“Fistula Zero” Project After Total Laryngectomy: The Candiolo Cancer Institute Experience
Authors: Crosetti Erika , Arrigoni Giulia , Sprio Andrea Elio , Succo Giovanni 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesPharyngocutaneous fistula (PCF) is a troublesome complication after total laryngectomy. The “Fistula zero” project aims to reduce the number of PCF by following a detailed protocol based on three fundamental key points.Materials and MethodsThe Fistula zero project included 77 patients who underwent total laryngectomy in the period from January 2019 to December 2020. The protocol consisted of three main aspects: the systematic placement of a Har-El salivary bypass tube, the continuous horizontal watertight pharyngeal suture using a barbed suture, onlay insetting of a pedicled flap in pre-treated patients.ResultsOne case of PCF (1.3%) and three small blind fistulas (3.9%) were observed in this series. The mean length of hospitalization was 18 days.ConclusionPharyngocutaneous fistula (PCF) prolongs hospitalization and delays adjuvant treatments. Thanks to a strict adherence to the protocol, it was possible to reduce PCF rates, avoiding lengthy hospitalization and additional surgical procedures.
The New Concept of Physiological “Riolan’s Arch” and the Reconstruction Mechanism of Pathological Riolan’s Arch After High Ligation of the Inferior Mesenteric Artery by CT Angiography-Based Small Vessel Imaging
Authors: Wang Ying , Shu Weibin , Ouyang Aimie , Wang Lei , Sun Yuping , Liu Guoqin 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundDue to the complexity of anatomical relationship between superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and left colic artery (LCA), there is no unified anatomical concept of “Riolan’s arch.” There is no consensus as to tie off the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) at its origin or just below the origin of the left colic artery during radical surgery of sigmoid colon and rectal cancers. The aim of the study is to investigate the anatomy of shortcut anastomotic branches (adjacent branches) of SMA at splenic flexure and to explore how the shortcut pathway (Riolan’s arch) was formed, as the compensation of anastomotic branches between MCA and LCA under pathological conditions and the reconstruction and the mechanism of pathological Riolan’s arch after high ligation of the inferior mesenteric artery.MethodsBetween January 2018 and May 2020, patients with colorectal cancer who underwent CTA before surgery were enrolled in the study. The anatomy of shortcut anastomotic branch of SMA and LCA was investigated by volume rendering technique (VR) and maximum-intensity projection (MIP). GE’s small vessel extraction technology (selected VR) was used to directly display these shortcut anastomotic branches on a map and to establish their three-dimensional anatomical classification. Then, we used the axonometric drawing to make the model more exact. Next, combining with some cases of pathological Riolan’s arch and basing on hydrodynamic principle, we speculate the mechanism of collateral circulation. Finally, based on the retrospective study of high ligation cases and combined principles of fluid mechanics, we show how these shortcut anastomotic branches evolved into Riolan’s arch.ResultsWe report the classification of the ascending branch of LCA (which approaches the splenic flexure) and the left branch of MCA, display these shortcut anastomotic branches on a map, and establish their three-dimensional anatomical classification. We found that Riolan’s arch is a shortcut pathway for the compensation of anastomotic branches, between MCA and LCA under pathological conditions, and that the formation mechanism of shortcut path accords with the principle of hydrodynamics.ConclusionsOur results show the mechanism of pathological Riolan’s arch formation and provide new anatomic thinking for the battle between high and low ligation of IMA in colorectal cancer surgery.
Gestational Low Protein Diet Modulation on miRNA Transcriptome and Its Target During Fetal and Breastfeeding Nephrogenesis
Authors: de Barros Sene Letícia , Lamana Gabriela Leme , Schwambach Vieira Andre , Scarano Wellerson Rodrigo , Gontijo José Antônio Rocha , Boer Patrícia Aline 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundThe kidney ontogenesis is the most structurally affected by gestational protein restriction, reducing 28% of their functional units. The reduced nephron number is predictive of hypertension and cardiovascular dysfunctions that are generally observed in the adult age of most fetal programming models. We demonstrate miRNAs and predict molecular pathway changes associated with reduced reciprocal interaction between metanephros cap (CM) and ureter bud (UB) and a 28% decreased nephron stem cells in the 17 gestational days (17GD) low protein (LP) intake male fetal kidney. Here, we evaluated the same miRNAs and predicted targets in the kidneys of 21GD and at 7 days of life (7DL) LP offspring to elucidate the molecular modulations during nephrogenesis.MethodsPregnant Wistar rats were allocated into two groups: NP (regular protein diet- 17%) or LP (diet-6%). miRNA transcriptome sequencing (miRNA-Seq) was performed on the MiSeq platform from 21GD and 7DL male offspring kidneys using previously described methods. Among the top 10 dysfunctional regulated miRNAs, we validated 7 related to proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis processes and investigated predicted target genes and proteins by RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry.ResultsIn 21GD, LP fetuses were identified alongside 21 differently expressed miRNAs, of which 12 were upregulated and 9 downregulated compared to age-matched NP offspring. In 7-DL LP offspring, the differentially expressed miRNAs were counted to be 74, of which 46 were upregulated and 28 downregulated. The curve from 17-GD to 7-DL shows that mTOR was fundamental in reducing the number of nephrons in fetal kidneys where the mothers were subjected to a protein restriction. IGF1 and TGFβ curves also seemed to present the same mTOR pattern and were modulated by miRNAs 181a-5p, 181a-3p, and 199a-5p. The miRNA 181c-3p modulated SIX2 and Notch1 reduction in 7-DL but not in terms of the enhanced expression of both in the 21-GD, suggesting the participation of an additional regulator. We found enhanced Bax in 21-GD; it was regulated by miRNA 298-5p, and Bcl2 and Caspase-3 were controlled by miRNA (by 7a-5p and not by the predicted 181a-5p). The miRNA 144-3p regulated BCL6, which was enhanced, as well as Zeb 1 and 2 induced by BCL6. These results revealed that in 21GD, the compensatory mechanisms in LP kidneys led to the activation of UB ramification. Besides, an increase of 32% in the CM stem cells and a possible cell cycle halt of renal progenitor cells, which remaining undifferentiated, were observed. In the 7DL, much more altered miRNA expression was found in LP kidneys, and this was probably due to an increased maternal diet content. Additionally, we verified the activation of pathways related to differentiation and consumption of progenitor cells.
Cross-Sectional Study Protocol for the COVID-19 Impact Survey of Mothers and Their 7–11 Year Old Children in Alberta, Canada
Authors: Letourneau Nicole , McDonald Sheila , MacKay Lyndsay Jerusha , Bell Rhonda C. , Hetherington Erin , Deane Andrea J. , Dewey Deborah , Edwards Sarah , Field Catherine J. , Giesbrecht Gerald F. , Graham Susan , Lebel Catherine , Leung Brenda , Madigan Sheri , McArthur Brae Anne , McMorris Carly , Racine Nicole , Ross Kharah M. , Wu Muci , Tough Suzanne C. 
Published: June 2021

Objectives: Our aim is to understand the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on families who have been followed longitudinally in two cohorts studied in Alberta, Canada. We will examine household infections during the COVID-19 pandemic, financial impact, domestic violence, substance use, child school and daily life and relationships in the home. We will identify risk and protective factors for maternal mental health outcomes using longitudinal data that can inform policy and government resource allocation in future disasters.Methods: Mothers who are currently participating in two longitudinal studies, Alberta Pregnancy Outcomes and Nutrition (APrON; N = 1,800) and All Our Families (AOF: N = 2,534) were eligible to participate. Mothers were invited to complete the baseline COVID-19 Impact Survey (20–30 min) within 4 months of March 15, 2020, which was when the province of Alberta, Canada, implemented school closures and physical-distancing measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Mothers were asked to report on their own, their child's and their family's functioning. Mothers were re-surveyed at 6 months after completion of the initial COVID-19 Impact Survey, and will be re-surveyed again at 12 months.Results: Responses from participants in both cohorts will be examined in harmonized analyses as well as separately. Descriptive, multivariable analysis will be undertaken to examine risk and resiliency over time and factors that predict mental health and well-being.Conclusions: This study will provide timely information on the impact of COVID-19 for Albertan families. It will identify risk and protective factors for mental health and well-being among contemporary urban families supported by a publicly funded health care system to inform allocation of resources to support those most vulnerable during a global pandemic.
OCIAL MEDIA RESEARCH AND ASSESSMENT OF THE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES OF TIKTOK
Authors: Алисултанова Э. Д. , Исаева М. З. , Алиев М-С. М. 
Published: June 2021

В настоящее время хорошо зарекомендовавшие себя платформы социальных сетей используются ежедневно и удовлетворяют практически всем желаниям потребителей. Однако в постоянно меняющихся потребностях пользователей все еще есть возможность разработать новый, улучшенный продукт, который может создать новую успешную платформу социальных сетей. Основная цель статьи - выявить конкурентное преимущество TikTok как платформы, которая значительно больше привлекает внимание пользователей. В качестве основного метода исследования было использовано тематическое исследование. Автором разработана таблица с объективными и субъективными параметрами. У каждого параметра был свой конкретный вес. Веса были отражены в окончательной оценке анализа. Шесть самых популярных социальных сетей медиа-платформы были определены и вовлечены в исследование. Выводы статьи указывают на конкурентное преимущество новых платформ социальных сетей, которое заключается в адаптации к постоянно меняющемуся медиапотреблению потребителей.
Nowadays, well-established social media platforms are used on a daily basis and satisfy almost all consumer desires. However, with the ever-changing needs of users, there is still an opportunity to develop a new, improved product that can create a new successful social media platform. The main goal of the article is to reveal the competitive advantage of TikTok as a platform that attracts the attention of users significantly more. A case study was used as the main research method. The author has developed a table with objective and subjective parameters. Each parameter had its own specific weight. The weights were reflected in the final evaluation of the analysis. The six most popular social media platforms were identified and involved in the study. The article’s findings indicate that the competitive advantage of new social media platforms lies in adapting to the ever-changing media consumption of consumers.
IN THIS ISSUE
Authors: Melber Henning , Schoeman Maxi 
Published: June 2021

Twenty years of democratic South Africa inspires many scholars to look back, reflect on the achievements and failures and take stock of the current situation, maybe even to cast a view on possible future scenarios. This issue of the Strategic Review for Southern Africa is one of many efforts to engage with social realities in the context of a post-apartheid society; a society, where controlled change with the negotiated transition to regular democratic elections in a multi-party pluralist setting resulted to some extent in changed control. We are confronted with socio-economic, as well as political realities affected by and facing the challenges of structural legacies. The transitions and transformations documented re-alignments within a social and political framework, but often rather modified instead of transcended the previous systemic boundaries. The lack of fundamental shifts towards a genuinely people-centered development stands in strong contrast to the new elite policy and the relative privileges secured by its beneficiaries in the echelons of state and administration and the private sector. The emerging trends have been dubbed by some scholars as the 'limits to liberation'. The aim of this special issue is to contextualise the efforts, hopes, aspirations, declared goals and the setbacks, measured against the expectations with regard to different sectors, and cross cutting issues pertinent to contemporary South African society.
Manganyi, Calvin/Liebenberg, Ian/Potgieter, Thean (eds), South Africa and Romania: transition to democracy and changing security paradigms. Durban: Just Done Productions 2013, 376 pp.
Authors: Eckardt Michael 
Published: June 2021

This volume is based on NRF-funded research cooperation between the Institute for Political Studies of Defence and Military History in Bucharest and the Faculty of Military Science at Stellenbosch University, dealing with the transition from authoritarian rule to democracy. It discusses the transition to multi-party democracy, the consequent changes in the security environment and the current role and defensive posture of these countries in their respective regions. All contributions are abstracted separately in the introductory chapter (pp 1-11). The specific chapters discuss the joint experiences and challenges in facing the transition from authoritarian rule to democracy (1. Liebenberg, I: "Transition from Authoritarian Rule to Democracy": 13-36; 2. Sasz, P V: "Transition to Democracy in Romania": 37-57; 4. Mangayani, C: "The Role of Youth in South Africa's Transition": 87-121), the reform of the armies (3. Ionesco, M: "Transition, Alliances and Military Reform in Romania in the post-Cold War Period": 59-86; 5. Ferreira, R: "South Africa: From Apartheid Army to a Post-Apartheid Defence Force": 123-135; 7. Mangayani, C: "Structures for Political Oversight of the Military": 171-204; 8. Otu, P: "Military Reform in Romania": 205-231) as well as the repositioning of Romania's security strategy (6. Cioculescu, S: "Romania's National Security Strategy in the Post-Cold War Period": 137-170). South Africa's change in strategy concerning its interests in the Indian Ocean is the main focus of T Potgieter in chapter 10 (pp 267-305)and Romania's status within the Euro-Atlantic security architecture after the end of the Cold War and its entry into the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) and the European Union (EU) has been dealt with by Carmen Rijnoveanu in chapter 11 (pp307-340). Worthy of special attention is chapter 9 (Liebenberg, I: "The Arms Industry, Reform and Civil-Military Relations in South Africa": 233-266), bridging the purchase of arms and ammunition during the inter-war years (1919-1939) to the period of World War II (1939-1945) and even further to the establishment of South Africa's own defence industry under apartheid rule (1948-1989), emphasising the enormous cost of maintaining a military superiority in southern Africa paving the way for South Africa's economic decline by the end of the 1980s and leading to the political demise of apartheid in the 1994 elections. In chapter 12 ("Waves of Change, Military-Political Reorientation, Economic Alliances and Uncertain Futures": 341-357), the editors make a comparison Strategic Review for Southern Africa, Vol 38, No 2 Book Reviews 181 of the different starting positions of both countries and the national security strategies that emerged from it.