bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diuretic response and effects of diuretic omission in ambulatory heart failure patients on chronic low‐dose loop diuretic therapy
Authors: Dauw Jeroen , Martens Pieter , Tersalvi Gregorio , Schouteden Joren , Deferm Sébastien , Gruwez Henri , De Moor Bart , Nijst Petra , Dupont Matthias , Mullens Wilfried 
Published: February 2021

AimsTo study loop diuretic response and effect of loop diuretic omission in ambulatory heart failure (HF) patients on chronic low‐dose loop diuretics.Methods and resultsUrine collections were performed on two consecutive days in 40 ambulatory HF patients with 40–80 mg furosemide (day 1 with loop diuretic; day 2 without loop diuretic). Three phases were collected each day: (i) first 6 h; (ii) rest of the day; and (iii) night. On the day of loop diuretic intake, the total natriuresis was 125.9 (86.9–155.0) mmol/24 h and urine output was 1650 (1380–2025) mL/24 h. There was a clear loop diuretic response with a natriuresis of 9.4 (6.7–15.9) mmol/h and a urine output of 117 (83–167) mL/h during the first 6 h, followed by a significant drop in natriuresis and urine output during the rest of the day [2.6 (1.8–4.8) mmol/h and 55 (33–71) mL/h] and night [2.2 (1.6–3.5) mmol/h and 44 (34–73) mL/h]. On day 2, after loop diuretic omission, the natriuresis and urine output remained similarly low the entire day, resulting in a 50% reduction in natriuresis [55.1 (33.5–77.7) mmol/24 h; P < 0.001] and a 31% reduction in urine output [1035 (875–1425) mL/24 h; P < 0.001] compared with the day of loop diuretic intake.ConclusionPatients with HF on chronic loop diuretic treatment still have a clear diuretic response phase, while loop diuretic omission leads to a significant drop in natriuresis and urine output, arguing against routine cessation of low‐dose loop diuretics.
A digital coding combination analysis for mutational genotyping using pyrosequencing
Authors: Wei Rongbin , Fei Zhongjie , Liu Yanrong , Fu Bangwen , Chen Ling , Wang Liu , Xiao Pengfeng 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn the present study, we developed a novel digital coding combination analysis (DCCA) to analyze the gene mutation based on the sample combination principle. The principle is that any numerically named sample is divided into two groups, any two samples are not grouped in the same two groups, and any sample can be tested within the detection limit. Therefore, we proposed a specific combination that N samples were divided into M groups. Then N samples were analyzed, which could obtain the mutation results of M mixed groups. If only two groups showed positive (mutant type) signals, the same sample number from two positive signal groups would be the positive sample, and the remaining samples were negative (wild type). If three groups or more exhibited positive results, the same sample number from three positive signal groups would be the positive sample. If some samples remained uncertain, individual samples could be analyzed on a small scale. In the present study, we used the two genotypes of a mutation site (A5301G) to verify whether it was a useful and promising method. The results showed that we could quantitatively detect mutations and demonstrate 100% consistent results against a panel of defined mixtures with the detection limit using pyrosequencing. This method was suitable, sensitive, and reproducible for screening and analyzing low‐frequency mutation samples, which could reduce reagent consumption and cost by approximately 70–80% compared with conventional clinical methods.
The Role of Size in Trophic Niche Separation between Two Groundfish Predators in Alaskan Waters
Authors: Barnes Cheryl L. , Beaudreau Anne H. , Yamada Richard N. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
To minimize negative effects of competition, predators must divide resources along one or more niche dimensions. Trophic niche separation is a principal method of resource partitioning in marine environments and is often assessed by quantifying diets of fishes with similar lengths. Taxonomic differences in allometric growth, however, suggest that the degree of gape limitation at a given body size varies among species. We studied resource overlap between two potential competitors in Southeast Alaska: Pacific Halibut Hippoglossus stenolepis and Arrowtooth Flounder Atheresthes stomias. We quantified length–gape relationships and assessed effects of fork length (FL; cm), gape height (GH; mm), and gape width (GW; mm) on interpretations of trophic niche separation. Gape sizes for Arrowtooth Flounder were nearly twice those of Pacific Halibut at similar FLs. Predators with smaller gapes exhibited moderate to high dietary overlap (D96-115GH = 0.554; D96-115GW = 0.731), whereas those with larger gapes had lower dietary overlap and distinct diet compositions (D116-135GH = 0.421; D116-135GW = 0.265). These findings suggest that the greatest potential for food competition is among small-bodied Arrowtooth Flounder and relatively large-bodied Pacific Halibut, with trophic niche separation increasing as these predators progress throughout their ontogeny. When comparing resource use among predators with similar FLs, we found high dietary overlap but significantly different diet compositions (D60-69FL = 0.657). Thus, we postulate that GW is more appropriate than FL when quantifying trophic niche separation among sympatric fishes, especially when disparate length–gape relationships are detected. Studies of resource partitioning would benefit from examining multiple size metrics and explicitly considering differences in allometric growth, thereby addressing potential mechanisms for resource overlap among hypothesized competitors.
Comprehensive Review of Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Features of Invasive Lobular Cancer
Authors: Pramod Nikhil , Nigam Akanksha , Basree Mustafa , Mawalkar Resham , Mehra Saba , Shinde Neelam , Tozbikian Gary , Williams Nicole , Majumder Sarmila , Ramaswamy Bhuvaneswari 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) accounts for 10% to 15% of breast cancers in the United States, 80% of which are estrogen receptor (ER)-positive, with an unusual metastatic pattern of spread to sites such as the serosa, meninges, and ovaries, among others. Lobular cancer presents significant challenges in detection and clinical management given its multifocality and multicentricity at presentation. Despite the unique features of ILC, it is often lumped with hormone receptor-positive invasive ductal cancers (IDC); consequently, ILC screening, treatment, and follow-up strategies are largely based on data from IDC. Despite both being treated as ER-positive breast cancer, querying the Cancer Genome Atlas database shows distinctive molecular aberrations in ILC compared with IDC, such as E-cadherin loss (66% vs. 3%), FOXA1 mutations (7% vs. 2%), and GATA3 mutations (5% vs. 20%). Moreover, compared with patients with IDC, patients with ILC are less likely to undergo breast-conserving surgery, with lower rates of complete response following therapy as these tumors are less chemosensitive. Taken together, this suggests that ILC is biologically distinct, which may influence tumorigenesis and therapeutic strategies. Long-term survival and clinical outcomes in patients with ILC are worse than in stage- and grade-matched patients with IDC; therefore, nuanced criteria are needed to better define treatment goals and protocols tailored to ILC's unique biology. This comprehensive review highlights the histologic and clinicopathologic features that distinguish ILC from IDC, with an in-depth discussion of ILC's molecular alterations and biomarkers, clinical trials and treatment strategies, and future targets for therapy.

Implications for Practice
The majority of invasive lobular breast cancers (ILCs) are hormone receptor (HR)-positive and low grade. Clinically, ILC is treated similar to HR-positive invasive ductal cancer (IDC). However, ILC differs distinctly from IDC in its clinicopathologic characteristics and molecular alterations. ILC also differs in response to systemic therapy, with studies showing ILC as less sensitive to chemotherapy. Patients with ILC have worse clinical outcomes with late recurrences. Despite these differences, clinical trials treat HR-positive breast cancers as a single disease, and there is an unmet need for studies addressing the unique challenges faced by patients diagnosed with ILC.
Metabolomics analysis of dandelions from different geographical regions in China
Authors: Zhang Songbao , Li Chao , Gu Wei , Qiu Rongli , Chao Jianguo , Pei Lingfeng , Ma Lijie , Guo Yangfang , Tian Rong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionDandelion (Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.‐Mazz.) is a perennial herb with diverse pharmacological effects. The development and utilization of dandelion have attracted much attention.ObjectivesOur aims were to provide a reference basis for the identification of the origin of dandelions and to study the influence of their origin on their quality.MethodsHigh‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry was used to analyze metabolites from dandelions from four different geographical regions in China, namely Gansu, Henan, Shanxi, and Jiangsu. Metabolite analysis was performed using orthogonal partial least‐squares discriminant analysis, and to identify potential metabolic pathways, MBRole was used to perform Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis.ResultsPrincipal component analysis revealed that the chemical components of dandelions sampled from the four regions showed noticeable differences. Twenty‐six, six, six, eight, eight, and fifteen differentially produced metabolites were identified upon comparison between Gansu and Jiangsu, Gansu and Shanxi, Gansu and Henan, Henan and Shanxi, Henan and Jiangsu, and Shanxi and Jiangsu, respectively. These differentially produced metabolites were mainly phenolic compounds. Further, KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that the main metabolic pathways involved were biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids and flavonoids.ConclusionThe methods reported herein can be used to identify the origin of dandelions; moreover, our results can serve as a reference basis for future studies.
Ex vivo glucocorticoid‐induced secreted proteome approach for discovery of glucocorticoid‐responsive proteins in human serum
Authors: Inder Warrick J. , Mohamed Ahmed , Keshvari Sahar , Barclay Johanna L. , Ruelcke Jayde E. , Stoll Thomas , Nolan Brendan J. , Cesana‐Nigro Nicole , Hill Michelle M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPurposeTo identify glucocorticoid‐responsive proteins measurable in human serum that may have clinical utility in therapeutic drug monitoring and the diagnosis of cortisol excess or deficiency.Experimental DesignA phased biomarker discovery strategy was conducted in two cohorts. Secretome from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) isolated from six volunteers after ex vivo incubation ± dexamethasone (DEX) 100 ng/mL for 4 h and 24 h was used for candidate discovery and qualification using untargeted proteomics and a custom multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry (MRM‐MS) assay, respectively. For validation, five candidates were measured by immunoassay in serum from an independent cohort (n = 20), sampled at 1200 h before and after 4 mg oral DEX.ResultsThe discovery secretome proteomics data generated a shortlist of 45 candidates, with 43 measured in the final MRM‐MS assay. Differential analysis revealed 16 proteins that were significant in at least one of two time points. In the validation cohort, 3/5 serum proteins were DEX‐responsive, two significantly decreased: lysozyme C (p < 0.0001) and nucleophosmin‐1 (p < 0.01), while high mobility group box 2 significantly increased (p < 0.01).Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceUsing an ex vivo proteomic approach in PBMC, we have identified circulating glucocorticoid‐responsive proteins which may have potential as serum biomarkers of glucocorticoid activity.
DbStRiPs: Database of structural repeats in proteins
Authors: Chakrabarty Broto , Parekh Nita 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRecent interest in repeat proteins has arisen due to stable structural folds, high evolutionary conservation and repertoire of functions provided by these proteins. However, repeat proteins are poorly characterized because of high sequence variation between repeating units and structure‐based identification and classification of repeats is desirable. Using a robust network‐based pipeline, manual curation and Kajava's structure‐based classification schema, we have developed a database of tandem structural repeats, Database of Structural Repeats in Proteins (DbStRiPs). A unique feature of this database is that available knowledge on sequence repeat families is incorporated by mapping Pfam classification scheme onto structural classification. Integration of sequence and structure‐based classifications help in identifying different functional groups within the same structural subclass, leading to refinement in the annotation of repeat proteins. Analysis of complete Protein Data Bank revealed 16,472 repeat annotations in 15,141 protein chains, one previously uncharacterized novel protein repeat family (PRF), named left‐handed beta helix, and 33 protein repeat clusters (PRCs). Based on their unique structural motif, ~79% of these repeat proteins are classified in one of the 14 PRFs or 33 PRCs, and the remaining are grouped as unclassified repeat proteins. Each repeat protein is provided with a detailed annotation in DbStRiPs that includes start and end boundaries of repeating units, copy number, secondary and tertiary structure view, repeat class/subclass, disease association, MSA of repeating units and cross‐references to various protein pattern databases, human protein atlas and interaction resources. DbStRiPs provides easy search and download options to high‐quality annotations of structural repeat proteins (URL: http://bioinf.iiit.ac.in/dbstrips/).
Intervention by clinical pharmacists can improve blood glucose fluctuation in patients with diabetes and acute myocardial infarction: A propensity score‐matched analysis
Authors: Shi Fang‐Hong , Shen Long , Yue Jiang , Ma Jing , Gu Zhi‐Chun , Li Hao , Lin Hou‐Wen 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAcute phase hyperglycemia and exaggerated glucose fluctuation may be associated with poor outcomes in diabetic patients after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This study aimed to determine whether intervention by clinical pharmacists can mitigate blood glucose and glucose fluctuations in these fragile patients. This retrospective study enrolled patients with diabetes and AMI, from 1 January 2019 to 30 June 2020 in our institution. Blood glucose and glucose fluctuations were calculated before and after the pharmacist's intervention and between patients who underwent intervention and those who did not. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to reduce the impact of patient characteristics on the results. A total of 170 patients were included in our primary analysis, including 29 patients who received the pharmacist intervention and 141 patients who did not. After the pharmacist's intervention, blood glucose (fasting blood glucose‐FBG, from 11.9 to 9.8; postprandial blood glucose‐PBG, from 15.3 to 13.2; mean blood glucose‐BG, 14.5 to 12.3 mmol/L; p < .001), and glucose fluctuations (standard deviation of blood glucose‐SDBG, from 3.8 to 3.0, mmol/L, p = .005) were significantly improved. Before PSM, no clear effects were found in intervention versus nonintervention patients, in terms of blood glucose and glucose fluctuation indicators, except for FBG (9.3 vs. 8.0. mmol/L, p = .005). Further analysis indicated a high incidence of FBG <7.8 mmol/L in nonintervention versus intervention patients (51.5% vs. 27.6%, p = .003). After PSM, a significant reduction in blood glucose fluctuation (SDBG, 3.0 vs. 4.1, p = .031; PBGE, 2.1 vs. 4.1, p = .017; LAGE, 4.7 vs. 7.2, mmol/L, p = .004), and PBG (11.1 vs. 13.0, mmol/L, p = .048) was observed in the intervention group than in the nonintervention group. The clinical pharmacist intervention contributed to improved outcomes, specifically, in reducing blood glucose fluctuations and potential hypoglycemia risk.
Lp‐norm regularization approaches in variational data assimilation
Authors: Bernigaud Antoine , Gratton Serge , Lenti Flavia , Simon Ehouarn , Sohab Oumaima 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis article presents a formulation of the 4D‐Var objective function using as a penalty term a Lp‐norm with 1 < p < 2. This approach is motivated by the nature of the problems encountered in data assimilation, for which such a norm may be more suited to tackle the generalized Gaussian distribution of the variables. It also aims at making a compromise between the L2‐norm that tends to oversmooth the solution, and the L1‐norm that tends to ‘oversparsify’ it, in addition to making the problem non‐smooth. We show the benefits of using this strategy on different set‐ups through numerical experiments where the background and measurement noise covariances are known and a sharp solution is expected.
The making of AI society: AI futures frames in German political and media discourses
Authors: Köstler Lea , Ossewaarde Ringo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this article, we shed light on the emergence, diffusion, and use of socio-technological future visions. The artificial intelligence (AI) future vision of the German federal government is examined and juxtaposed with the respective news media coverage of the German media. By means of a content analysis of frames, it is demonstrated how the German government strategically uses its AI future vision to uphold the status quo. The German media largely adapt the government´s frames and do not integrate alternative future narratives into the public debate. These findings are substantiated in the framing of AI futures in policy documents of the German government and articles of four different German newspapers. It is shown how the German past is mirrored in the German AI future envisioned by the government, safeguarding the present power constellation that is marked by a close unity of politics and industry. The German media partly expose the government´s frames and call for future visions that include fundamentally different political designs less influenced by the power structures of the past and present.
On quantitative stability in infinite-dimensional optimization under uncertainty
Authors: Hoffhues M. , Römisch W. , Surowiec T. M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe vast majority of stochastic optimization problems require the approximation of the underlying probability measure, e.g., by sampling or using observations. It is therefore crucial to understand the dependence of the optimal value and optimal solutions on these approximations as the sample size increases or more data becomes available. Due to the weak convergence properties of sequences of probability measures, there is no guarantee that these quantities will exhibit favorable asymptotic properties. We consider a class of infinite-dimensional stochastic optimization problems inspired by recent work on PDE-constrained optimization as well as functional data analysis. For this class of problems, we provide both qualitative and quantitative stability results on the optimal value and optimal solutions. In both cases, we make use of the method of probability metrics. The optimal values are shown to be Lipschitz continuous with respect to a minimal information metric and consequently, under further regularity assumptions, with respect to certain Fortet-Mourier and Wasserstein metrics. We prove that even in the most favorable setting, the solutions are at best Hölder continuous with respect to changes in the underlying measure. The theoretical results are tested in the context of Monte Carlo approximation for a numerical example involving PDE-constrained optimization under uncertainty.
The configuration and failed eruption of a complex magnetic flux rope above aδsunspot region
Authors: Liu Lijuan , Liu Jiajia , Chen Jun , Wang Yuming , Wang Guoqiang , Zhou Zhenjun , Cui Jun 
Published: February 2021

Aims.We aim to investigate the configuration of a complex flux rope above theδsunspot region in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration AR 11515 and its eruptive expansion during a confined M5.3-class flare.Methods.We studied the formation of theδsunspot using the continuum intensity images and photospheric vector magnetograms provided by the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager on-board the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). We employed the extreme-ultraviolet and ultraviolet images provided by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly on-board SDO and the hard X-ray emission recorded by theReuven RamatyHigh-Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager to investigate the eruptive details. The coronal magnetic field is extrapolated from the photospheric field using a nonlinear force free field (NLFFF) method, based on which the flux rope is identified through calculating the twist numberTwand squashing factorQ. We searched the null point via a modified Powell hybrid method.Results.The collision between two newly emerged spot groups form theδsunspot. A bald patch (BP) configuration forms at the collision location between one umbra and the penumbra, above which a complex flux rope structure is identified. The flux rope has a multilayer configuration, with one compact end and the other end bifurcating into different branches. It has a non-uniformTwprofile, which decreases from the core to the boundary. The outmost layer is merely sheared. A null point is located above the flux rope. The eruptive process consists of precursor flarings at av-shaped coronal structure, rise of the filament, and brightening below the filament, corresponding well with the topological structures deduced from the NLFFF, including a higher null point, a flux rope, and a BP and a hyperbolic flux tube (HFT) below the flux rope. Two sets of post-flare loops and three flare ribbons in theδsunspot region further support the bifurcation configuration of the flux rope.Conclusions.Combining the observations and magnetic field extrapolation, we conclude that the precursor reconnection, which occurs at the null point, weakens the overlying confinement to allow the flux rope to rise, fitting the breakout model. The main phase reconnection, which may occur at the BP or HFT, facilitates the flux rope rising. The results suggest that theδspot configuration presents an environment prone to the formation of complex magnetic configurations that work together to produce activities.