bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution of the atomic component in protostellar outflows
Authors: Sperling T. , Eislöffel J. , Fischer C. , Nisini B. , Giannini T. , Krabbe A. 
Published: May 2021

Context.We present SOFIA/FIFI-LS observations of three Class 0 and one Class I outflows (Cep E, HH 1, HH 212, and L1551 IRS5) in the far-infrared [O I]63 μmand [O I]145 μmtransitions. Spectroscopic [O I]63 μmmaps enabled us to infer the spatial extent of warm (T ∼ 500−1200 K), low-excitation atomic gas within these protostellar outflows.Aims.Our main goal is to determine mass-loss rates from the obtained [OI]63 μmmaps and compare these with accretion rates from other studies.Methods.The far-infrared [O I]63 μmemission line is predicted to be the main coolant of dense, dissociative J-shocks caused by decelerated wind or jet shocks. If proper shock conditions prevail, the instantaneous mass-ejection rate is directly connected to the [O I]63 μmluminosity. In order to unravel evolutionary trends, we analysed a set of 14 Class 0/I outflow sources that were spatially resolved in the [O I]63emission. We compared these data with a sample of 72 Class 0/I/II outflow sources that have been observed with Herschel (WISH, DIGIT, WILL, GASPS surveys) without spatially resolving the [O I]63 μmline.Results.All our newly observed targets feature prominent [O I]63μmemission either close to the driving source (L1551 IRS5, HH 1, HH 212) or as extended jet-like or knotty emission region away from it (Cep E). The detected [O I]63 μmemission can mostly be attributed to dissociative shocks and photodissociation regions (PDRs). Flux values at 63 μm and 145 μm of all four associated continuum sources are presented. We calculated mass-loss rates connected to the low-excitation, atomic outflow component in the range of (5−50)×10−7 M⊙ yr−1. Estimated ratios between the mass loss in the outflow and the mass accretion onto the source (jet efficiency ratios) are largely in the range ofṀout/Ṁacc∼ 0.05 − 0.5 for the observed outflow sources, which are consistent with theoretical predictions and quoted Herschel data.Conclusions.Our new observations and a comparison with the 72 outflow sources observed with Herschel indicate that the bulk ejected material in outflows from Class 0 sources resides in the molecular component, that is mass-loss rates derived from the [O I]63emission line significantly underestimate the total mass-loss rate during this and possibly also later phases of the star formation process.
Allogenes und autologes Material führt bei Mastoidhöhlenobliteration zu vergleichbaren Rezidivraten
Authors: Weiss Nora , Stallbaum Torben , Botzen Jannik , Bächinger David , Großmann Wilma , Bernd Hans Edgar , Mlynski Robert 
Published: May 2021

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Bei symptomatischen Mastoidhöhlen nach Ohroperationen besteht die Therapie der Wahl in der chirurgischen Verkleinerung. Hierbei stehen verschiedene Methoden und Materialien zur Obliteration zur Verfügung. Allogenes Material ist leicht verfügbar, kann jedoch zu Wundinfektionen aufgrund von Abstoßungsreaktionen, Granulationen und Entzündungsreaktionen führen, weshalb autologes Material aufgrund seiner guten Biokompatibilität häufig bevorzugt wird. Ziel dieser Studie war es, die Langzeitergebnisse von Patienten nach Mastoidhöhlenobliteration mit allogenem und autologem Material im Hinblick auf das Auftreten von Rezidivcholesteatomen, die Anzahl der Revisionsoperationen und den Einfluss der Operation auf die Lebensqualität zu vergleichen.
Methoden Patienten, die sich einer Mastoidhöhlenobliteration mit dem allogenen Material Hydroxylapatit-Matrix (HMM) unterzogen, wurden retrospektiv in die Studie eingeschlossen. In einem prospektiven Studienteil wurden Patienten eingeschlossen, welche sich einer Mastoidhöhlenobliteration mit autologem Rekonstruktionsmaterial (AutoM) unterzogen. Bei allen Patienten wurde neben einer ausführlichen Aktenanalyse eine Reintonaudiometrie durchgeführt und bei der postoperativen Untersuchung das Zürcher Mittelohrinventar (Zurich Chronic Middle Ear Inventory [ZCMEI-21]) zur Erhebung der gesundheitsbezogenen, krankheitsspezifischen Lebensqualität ausgefüllt.
Ergebnisse Insgesamt wurden 22 Patienten mit einem durchschnittlichen Alter von 56,9 Jahren (SD 18,7 Jahre) und HMM (mittleres Nachuntersuchungsintervall: 88,3 Monate; SD 21,9 Monate) sowie 25 Patienten mit einem Durchschnittsalter von 52,4 Jahren (SD 13,7 Jahre) und AutoM (mittleres Nachuntersuchungsintervall: 13,5 Monate; SD 9,5 Monate) in die Studie eingeschlossen. Die audiologische Revisionsfreiheit lag nach einem Jahr für HMM bei 100% und für AutoM bei 85%. Die Rezidivfreiheit lag nach einem Jahr für HMM bei 95% und für AutoM bei 100%. Die Gruppen unterschieden sich weder hinsichtlich des postoperativen Hörergebnisses noch der postoperativen Lebensqualität.
Diskussion Die Obliteration von Mastoidhöhlen ist eine chirurgische Herausforderung. Es zeigte sich kein relevanter Unterschied zwischen den verwendeten Materialien im Hinblick auf die Rezidivrate, das Hören und die Lebensqualität über den für beide Gruppen beobachteten Zeitraum von 13,5 Monaten. Die oft fehlende subjektive Symptomatik zusammen mit der hohen Rate an Rezidivcholesteatomen und Revisionsindikationen unterstreicht die Notwendigkeit einer regelmäßigen klinischen Nachsorge inklusive der Ohrmikroskopie bei chronischen Mittelohrerkrankungen und lässt regelmäßige Nachuntersuchungen dringend empfehlen.
Validity and Reliability of the German Version of the Locomotor Capabilities Index-5 (LCI-5)
Authors: Ranker Anna Helena , Schäfer Axel , Schöttker-Königer Thomas , Davies-Knorr Trisha , Greitemann Bernhard , Ranker Alexander 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background Before foreign language questionnaires, such as patient reported outcome measures (PROMs), can be scientifically used in the national language, guideline-based translation, cultural adaptation and comprehensive verification of their validity and reliability are needed. The aim of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of the German version of the LCI-5 (LCI-5-D) on a sample of people with lower limb amputation (LLA).
Methods The LCI-5 was translated into German (LCI-5-D) based on the ISPOR guidelines for cross-cultural adaptation following pilot testing. The final LCI-5-D was administered to n = 52 lower limb amputees in order to determine the validity and reliability of both the total score and the subscores (“basic items” and “advanced items”). Internal consistency (Cronbachʼs alpha), test-retest reliability (ICC2,1), standard error of the mean (SEM), minimal detectable change (MDC), item-to-total correlation, and item-to-subscale correlation were calculated. Floor and ceiling effects were checked. For construct validity, the Rivermead Mobility Index (RMI) and timed up and go (TUG) test were correlated, and differences of defined subgroups (amputation height and prosthesis user type) were calculated.
Results On average, the score of the LCI-5-D was 40.13 ± 16.64 points. High ceiling effects were present for the subscale “basic items” (57.7% maximum score). Internal consistency showed excellent results (Cronbachʼs α = 0.97). A strong correlation to the RMI (r = 0.863; p < 0.001) and to the TUG (r = − 0.714; p < 0.001) demonstrated construct validity. Test-rest reliability was measured after an averaged time span of 5.3 ± 2.47 days and resulted in very high reliability [ICC (2,1) = 0.97; p < 0.001]. MDC was 7.57 points for the total score.
Conclusion The LCI-5-D is a valid and reliable PROM for measuring mobility with prostheses in German-speaking lower limb amputees, which is rather suitable for people with low to moderate mobility abilities. It can be used in a German-speaking population.
A Clinicoradiological Assessment following Surgical Intervention in Patients of Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy: An Institutional Experience
Authors: Gill Maneet , Maheshwari Vikas , Yadav Arun Kumar , Gadhavi Rushikesh 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Introduction To critically analyze the functional and radiological improvement in patients of cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) who underwent surgical decompression by an anterior or posterior approach.
Materials and Methods A retrospective study was conducted in a tertiary-level Armed Forces Hospital from June 2015 to December 2019. Preoperative assessment included a thorough clinical examination and functional and radiological assessment. The surgical decompression was done by an anterior or a posterior approach with instrumented fusion. Anterior approach was taken for single or two-level involvement and posterior approach for three or more cervical levels. The pre and postoperative neurological outcome was assessed by Nurick and modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (mJOA) score along with measurement of canal diameter and cross-sectional area.
Results A total of 120 patients of CSM who underwent surgical decompression were analyzed. Both the groups were comparable and had male predominance. A total of 59 patients underwent surgical decompression by an anterior approach and the remaining 61 patients by the posterior approach. Out of the 59 patients operated by the anterior approach, 30 (50.85%) underwent anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF); remaining 29 (49.15%) underwent anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion (ACCF). In the posterior group (n = 61), 26 (42.6%) patients underwent laminoplasty and the remaining 35 (57.4%) underwent laminectomy with or without instrument fusion. Sixteen patients out of these underwent lateral mass fixation and the remaining 19 underwent laminectomy. There was functional improvement (mJOA and Nurick grade) and radiological improvement in both subgroups, which were statistically significant (p < 0.0001).
Conclusion A prompt surgical intervention in moderate-to-severe cases of CSM either by the anterior or the posterior approach is essential for good outcome.
Effect of Nosodes on Lettuce, Parasitized or Not by Meloidogyne enterolobii
Authors: Ferreira Thais Moraes , Mangeiro Mariana Zandomênico , Almeida Alexandre Macedo , Almeida Rafael N. , Souza Ricardo Moreira 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground Nosodes are homeopathic preparations (HPs) obtained from tissues or substances associated with the targeted disease or from culture of the pathogenic agent. Nosodes are thought to modulate host resistance, easing symptoms or promoting cure. A few studies have been published about control of plant-parasitic nematodes with HPs, but none with nosodes. Conceptually, nosodes prepared from nematode infective stages might interact with the plant's pathogen-recognition system and initiate or modulate plant resistance to nematodes.Objective Our goal was to investigate whether nosodes prepared from second-stage juveniles (J2) of Meloidogyne enterolobii can affect the moderate resistance already existing in the lettuce cultivar ‘Elisa’.Methods Nosodes at the Hahnemannian concentrations (cH) 6, 18, 30 and 42 were applied on lettuce plants through irrigation, with a constant daily dosage. The nosode treatment started at the seedling stage, before nematode inoculation with 3,000 eggs + J2 per plant. A series of absolute and relative controls, and 10 replicates per treatment, were employed. At harvest, variables related to plant growth and nematode reproduction were assessed.Results The nosode at 6, 18, and 30cH reduced (p <0.05) the nematode reproduction factor and root density. The nosode effect was cH-dependent since nematode reproduction was favored by treatment with 42cH. The nosode also affected (p <0.05) lettuce roots, which presented higher or lower fresh weight and volume depending on the cH applied and the condition—parasitized or not.Conclusion Nosodes obtained from Meloidogyne J2 may affect plant parasitism by nematodes, possibly by interfering with plant resistance. The nature—positive or negative—and intensity of the nosode effect depends on the cH applied to the plants. Further studies are necessary to identify which cH values are more effective in reducing nematode reproduction without causing negative side effects on plant growth.
A Preliminary Model of the Wrist Midcarpal Joint
Authors: Pendola Martin , Petchprapa Catherine , Wollstein Ronit 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background A challenge to deciphering the effect of structure on function in the wrist involves difficulty in obtaining in-vivo information. To provide a platform to study wrist mechanics using in vivo acquired forces, we developed a model of the midcarpal joint based on computed tomography (CT) scans of normal wrists. Finite element analysis (FEA) can enable application of in vivo collected information to an ex vivo model.
Objectives The objectives of this study are to (1) create a three-dimensional model of the midcarpal joint of the wrist based on CT scans and (2) generate separate models for the midcarpal joint based on two distinct wrist types and perform a pilot loading of the model.
Methods CT scans from a normal patient database were converted to three-dimensional standard template library (STL) files using OsiriX software. Five type 1 and five type 2 wrists were used for modeling. A simulated load was applied to the carpometacarpal joints in a distal-to-proximal direction, and FEA was used to predict force transfer in the wrist.
Results There were 33% type 1 and 67% type 2 wrists. The midcarpal joint dimensional measurements estimated from the model had intermediate agreement between wrist type as measured on CT scan and as predicted by the model: 56% Cohen's kappa (95% confidence interval) = 0.221 (0.05–0.5). Surface stress on the carpometacarpal joints is different in type 1 and type 2 wrists. On loading the neutral wrist, the capitolunate angle was 90 degrees in type 1 wrists and 107 degrees in type 2 wrists (p < 0.0001).
Conclusions The model predicted differences in movement and force transfer through the midcarpal joint dependent on structural type. This knowledge can improve our understanding of the development of disparate patterns of degeneration in the wrist.
Development of a Novel Recurrent Gastrointestinal Bleeding Model in Swine for Provocative Mesenteric Angiography
Authors: Stewart Jessica K. , Perkins Scott S. , Cline Brendan , Kim Charles Y. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to develop a novel swine model of recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding that could potentially be utilized for the study of provocative mesenteric angiography.
Methods Animal experiments were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. The superior mesenteric artery was catheterized via percutaneous transfemoral access. Via laparotomy, multiple small incisions were created in the small bowel wall of four swine. After hemostasis was achieved, varying amounts of thrombolytics were infused into the superior mesenteric artery via a 5 french catheter. The number of incisions with observable rebleeding and interval until rebleeding were ascertained.
Results In a test animal, active extravasation was confirmed to be detectable on digital subtraction angiography at a small bowel incision site. After tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) administration into the superior mesenteric artery, rebleeding from the incisions was visually observed in 11 of 30 small bowel incisions (37%). Provoked bleeding occurred at a median of 6 minutes (mean: 5 minutes and 52 seconds) after completion of tPA injection with a range of approximately 1 to 10 minutes.
Conclusion This pilot study proposes a feasible model for provocative mesenteric angiography in swine.
The Accuracy of Computed Tomography-Based, Three-Dimensional Implant Planning in Robotic-Assisted Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Marchand Kevin B. , Salem Hytham S. , Mathew Kevin K. , Harwin Steven F. , Mont Michael A. , Marchand Robert C. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAdvanced imaging used in robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty (TKA), such as computed tomography (CT)-based three-dimensional (3D) planning, may provide an accurate means of implant sizing preoperatively. The purpose of this study was to examine preoperative CT-based implant planning accuracy for robotic-assisted TKA in patients who have (1) varus deformities, (2) valgus deformities, (3) neutral alignment, and (4) retained hardware. A total of 393 patients underwent a robotic-assisted TKA by a single surgeon received preoperative CT scans. The surgeon reviewed the CT-based model preoperatively and recorded the expected size of the components. The final implants used in each case were recorded and compared with the surgeon's preoperative plan. In all groups of patients, the surgeon's CT-based implant plan was within one size of the implant utilized 100% of the time for both the tibiae and femora. Overall, the surgeon was exactly matched in 319 (81%) and 315 (80%) cases for the femoral and tibial components, respectively. For the femoral component, the mean age for patients in whom the original plan was exactly matched was younger than those whose implants were upsized and older than patients those implants were downsized (p = 0.024). Other patient demographics and preoperative knee alignment were not associated with predictive accuracy for femoral or tibial components. Our results demonstrate how preoperative CT-based, 3D planning for robotic-assisted TKA is accurate to within one size of the components in every case (100%), and exactly matched in 80%. The results of this study are important because they demonstrate how CT-based preoperative implant planning for TKA is reliable and accurate across all native knee alignments and other patient-specific factors. In addition, they build on a previous study by the same single surgeon, demonstrating that predictive ability can improve over time. This may be important as we move toward more outpatient surgery with less ability for prostheses inventory at ambulatory sites.
Personal values in mental disorders: an exploratory analysis
Authors: Socci Valentina , Talevi Dalila , Stratta Paolo , Rossi Alessandro , Pacitti Francesca , Lucaselli Alessia , Gregori Eleonora , Quarta Eleonora , Rossi Rodolfo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPersonal values have increasingly become central in socio-psychological research. However, the relationships between values and psychopathological variables have been scarcely investigated, with mixed results. This study aimed to explore potential differences in value orientation in a sample of people with psychotic disorders and mood disorders compared to a non-clinical sample using the Schwarz’s values framework. A clinical sample of 162 subjects (92 subjects with psychotic disorders and 70 with mood disorders) and a non-clinical sample of 217 subjects completed the self-report measures of affective states (PANAS) and personal values (PVQ). Irrespective of the diagnostic group, the clinical sample showed higher expression of Conservation values (i.e., Tradition, Conformity, Security). Conservation and Self-enhancement values positively correlated with PANAS-positive affectivity in the clinical sample; in the non-clinical sample, Self-enhancement values only correlated with PANAS-positive affectivity. The expression of Conservation values in individuals with a mental disorder could reflect an orientation toward Conformity underlying fundamental affiliative goals. The complex relationship between personal values and clinical constructs should be further investigated, with important theoretical and clinical implications in mental health.
Microswimmers learning chemotaxis with genetic algorithms
Authors: Hartl Benedikt , Hübl Maximilian , Kahl Gerhard , Zöttl Andreas 
Published: May 2021

Significance
Swimming microorganisms and migrating cells have developed various strategies in order to move in nutrient-rich or other chemical environments. We apply a genetic algorithm to the internal decision-making machinery of a model microswimmer and show how it learns to approach nutrients in static and dynamic environments. Strikingly, the emerging dynamics resembles the well-known run-and-tumble motion of swimming cells. We demonstrate that complex locomotion and navigation strategies in chemical environments can be achieved by developing a surprisingly simple internal machinery, which in our case, is represented by a small artificial neural network. Our findings shed light on how small organisms have developed the capability to conduct environment-dependent tasks.
AI-assisted superresolution cosmological simulations
Authors: Li Yin , Ni Yueying , Croft Rupert A. C. , Di Matteo Tiziana , Bird Simeon , Feng Yu 
Published: May 2021

SignificanceCosmological simulations are indispensable for understanding our Universe, from the creation of the cosmic web to the formation of galaxies and their central black holes. This vast dynamic range incurs large computational costs, demanding sacrifice of either resolution or size and often both. We build a deep neural network to enhance low-resolution dark-matter simulations, generating superresolution realizations that agree remarkably well with authentic high-resolution counterparts on their statistical properties and are orders-of-magnitude faster. It readily applies to larger volumes and generalizes to rare objects not present in the training data. Our study shows that deep learning and cosmological simulations can be a powerful combination to model the structure formation of our Universe over its full dynamic range.
Optofluidic multiplex detection of single SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A antigens using a novel bright fluorescent probe assay
Authors: Stambaugh Alexandra , Parks Joshua W. , Stott Matthew A. , Meena Gopikrishnan G. , Hawkins Aaron R. , Schmidt Holger 
Published: May 2021

Significance
This work introduces an ultrasensitive single protein capture and detection technique based on a bright fluorescent reporter probe that is sensed on a photonic chip with integrated microfluidics. We perform differentiated detection of single SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A antigens at clinically relevant concentrations from clinical nasal swab materials. This ultrasensitive capture and detection technique could one day be realized as a tool for molecular diagnostics at the point of care.
“Germany asks: is it OK to laugh at Hitler?”
Authors: Freeth Peter Jonathan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Within imagological approaches, paratexts can provide insights into how the Other of translated literature is presented to a new target audience. So, within a transnational context, such as Germany and Britain’s shared experience of the Second World War, can the source and target-culture paratexts invoke the same images? Through a case study of Er ist wieder da, a novel that satirises Germany’s relationship with its National Socialist past, and the British publication of the English translation Look Who’s Back, this article finds that while the novel’s humour is reframed by the British publisher, the novel’s controversial position within Germany’s Vergangenheitsbewältigung discourse remains intrinsic to the paratexts published in the British press. As such, this article demonstrates the transnational relevance of individual national characteristics to the paratextual framing of translated literature, the value of paratexts as objects of imagological study, and the methodological benefits of distinguishing between production- and reception-side paratexts.