bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Was bewegt Lehrpersonen während der Schulschließungen? – Eine Analyse der Kommunikation im Twitter-Lehrerzimmer über Chancen und Herausforderungen digitalen Unterrichts
Authors: Fütterer Tim , Hoch Emely , Stürmer Kathleen , Lachner Andreas , Fischer Christian , Scheiter Katharina 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungWährend der durch die Corona-Pandemie bedingten Schulschließungen im März 2020 führten viele Schulen Fernunterricht ein, der häufig ohne wirkliche Vorbereitung als digitaler Unterricht organisiert wurde. Daraufhin war ein verstärkter Austausch unter Lehrpersonen in Online-Communities zu erwarten. Eine Analyse der Kommunikation der Online-Community Twitter-Lehrerzimmer erlaubte Einblick in aktuelle Themen und ermöglichte zudem den Vergleich von Themen vor und während der Schulschließungen. Zur Identifikation von Themen wurden computerlinguistische Analysemethoden basierend auf 128.422 Tweets sowie eine qualitative Inhaltsanalyse von 270 Tweets durchgeführt. Es zeigte sich, dass Themen wie (a)synchroner digitaler Unterricht bereits vorher besprochen, während der Schulschließungen jedoch häufiger und breiter thematisiert wurden. Das Twitter-Lehrerzimmer wurde für gegenseitige Unterstützung sowie den Austausch über drängende Herausforderungen genutzt wie etwa die Verfügbarkeit geeigneter (datenschutzkonformer) Software. Die Ergebnisse legen somit Defizite des Digitalisierungsprozesses aus der Perspektive Twitter-affiner Lehrpersonen in Deutschland offen und zeigen das Potenzial von Online-Communities für Austausch und Vernetzung.
Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell for Indoor Applications: A Mini-Review
Authors: Devadiga Dheeraj , Selvakumar M. , Shetty Prakasha , Santosh M. S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLightweight computing technologies such as the Internet of Things and flexible wearable systems have penetrated our everyday lives exponentially in recent years. Without a question, the running of such electronic devices is a major energy problem. Generally, these devices need power within the range of microwatts and operate mostly indoors. Thus, it is appropriate to have a self-sustainable power source, such as the photovoltaic (PV) cell, which can harvest indoor light. Among other PV cells, the dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) has immense capacity to satisfy the energy demands of most indoor electronics, making it a very attractive power candidates because of its many benefits such as readily available materials, relatively cheap manufacturing methods, roll-to-roll compatibility, easy processing capabilities on flexible substrates and exceptional diffuse/low-light performance. This review discusses the recent developments in DSSC materials for its indoor applications. Ultimately, the perspective on this topic is presented after summing up the current progress of the research.
Graphic abstract
ESMO 2020 update: Pancreatic cancer
Authors: Bergen Elisabeth Sophie 
Published: April 2021

SummaryAt the ESMO (European Society for Medical Oncology) 2020 several interesting albeit not practice-changing studies in the field of pancreatic cancer were presented. The Canadian phase II randomized PA.7 trial investigated the additional benefit of dual checkpoint inhibition with durvalumab and tremelimumab to a standard chemotherapy regimen as first-line treatment in patients with metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (mPDAC). Unfortunately, no significant improvement of responses or outcome could be achieved rendering this study a negative trial. Within the German platform-based QoliXane trial, quality of life was shown to be an essential prognosticator of survival with fatigue and nausea being independently associated with outcome of patients. Moreover, promising results could be observed with new targeted therapy approaches, which may lead to its investigation in larger randomized clinical trials.
Death of unknown cause? Post-mortem diagnosis of fulminant course of an EBV-associated secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
Authors: Fauser Josia , Köck Stefan , Gunsilius Eberhard , Chott Andreas , Peer Andreas , Ditlbacher Adelheid , Fritsche Gernot , Joannidis Michael , Wolf Dominik , Pircher Andreas 
Published: April 2021

SummaryHLH is a life-threatening disease, which is characterized by a dysregulated immune response with uncontrolled T cell and macrophage activation. The often fulminant course of the disease needs a fast diagnostic work-up to initiate as soon as possible the appropriate therapy. We present herein the case of a 71-year-old patient with rapidly progressive hyperinflammatory syndrome, which post mortem resulted in the diagnosis of EBV-associated HLH. With this case report, we intend to highlight the relevance of the HScore in the diagnosis of HLH, to create a greater awareness for EBV as a trigger of HLH, and to demonstrate the importance of treating EBV-associated HLH as early as possible.
Clinically relevant infections in hematology and oncology: bacterial infections and the role of novel antibiotics in times of multidrug resistance
Authors: Fritsche Gernot 
Published: April 2021

SummaryMultidrug resistance of bacterial pathogens is an increasing problem wordwide, especially treatment of multidrug resistant (MDR) gramnegative bacteria is challenging. In the recent past, several new antibiotics as well as new betalactamase inhibitors have been introduced. These novel drugs are valuable new tools for the therapy of infectious complications in cancer patients once there is a high risk for infections due to multidrug-resistant pathogens. While it is necessary to start empirical antibiotic therapy immediately, novel antibiotics only provide benefits in certain situations, depending on the underlying pathogens. Thus, these new antibiotics are best used guided by microbiological testing, since the exact mechanism of resistance determines susceptibility or resistance to certain antibiotics. For empirical therapy, previous culture results and/or colonization with MDR pathogens can help to choose from conventional antibiotics or novel drugs. In clinical practice, optimal antibiotic therapy can be achieved by close collaboration of specialists in hematooncology, infectious diseases and microbiology.
Japanese subpopulation analysis of MONARCH 2: phase 3 study of abemaciclib plus fulvestrant for treatment of hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative breast cancer that progressed on endocrine therapy
Authors: Inoue Kenichi , Masuda Norikazu , Iwata Hiroji , Takahashi Masato , Ito Yoshinori , Miyoshi Yasuo , Nakayama Takahiro , Mukai Hirofumi , van der Walt Jan-Stefan , Mori Joji , Sakaguchi Sachi , Kawaguchi Tsutomu , Tanizawa Yoshinori , Llombart-Cussac Antonio , Sledge George W. , Toi Masakazu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
This was a Japanese subpopulation analysis of MONARCH 2, a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study of abemaciclib plus fulvestrant in patients with hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative advanced breast cancer (ABC).

Methods
Eligible women had progressed on (neo)adjuvant endocrine therapy (ET), ≤ 12 months from end of adjuvant ET, or on first-line ET for ABC, and had not received chemotherapy for ABC. Patients were randomized 2:1 to receive abemaciclib or placebo plus fulvestrant. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS), pharmacokinetics (PK), health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and safety.

Results
In Japan, 95 patients were randomized (abemaciclib, n = 64; placebo, n = 31). At final PFS analysis (February 14, 2017), median PFS was 21.2 and 14.3 months, respectively, in the abemaciclib and placebo groups (hazard ratio: 0.672; 95% confidence interval: 0.380–1.189). Abemaciclib had a higher objective response rate (37.5%) than placebo (12.9%). PK and safety profiles for Japanese patients were consistent with those of the overall population, without clinically meaningful differences across most HRQoL dimensions evaluated. The most frequent adverse events in the abemaciclib versus placebo groups were diarrhea (95.2 versus 25.8%), neutropenia (79.4 versus 0%), and leukopenia (66.7 versus 0%). At a second data cutoff (June 20, 2019), median OS was not reached with abemaciclib and 47.3 months with placebo (hazard ratio: 0.755; 95% confidence interval: 0.390–1.463).

Conclusions
Results of the Japanese subpopulation were consistent with the improved clinical outcomes and manageable safety profile observed in the overall population.

Clinical trial registration
NCT02107703; U.S. National Library of Medicine: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02107703.
Bildung und Begleitung armutsgefährdeter junger Mütter
Authors: Metzger Marius , Stadelmann Karin A. , Seiterle Nicolette , Kienholz Annina 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungJunge Mütter und deren Kinder sehen sich im Entwicklungsverlauf besonders hohen Risiken ausgesetzt. Insbesondere das Armutsrisikos ist aufgrund der vielfach als überfordernd erlebten Situation, trotz früher Elternschaft auch via Berufsausbildung finanzielle Unabhängigkeit zu erreichen, als hoch zu beurteilen. Aus diesem Grund hat die Schweizer Großstadt Bern im Rahmen von deren Armutsbekämpfungsstrategie ein Pilotangebot für junge Mütter konzipiert, welches deren Lebenssituation durch verschiedene Bildungs- und Begleitmaßnahmen langfristig verbessern soll. Mittels von der Hochschule Luzern – Soziale Arbeit erstellten Prognosen zu zukünftig zu erwartenden Sozialhilfebezügen als zentraler Indikator für eine gelingende Armutsbekämpfung wurde versucht, den Erfolg des Pilotangebotes vorauszusagen. Eine erste Erhebung bei der ersten Kohorte der Teilnehmerinnen des Angebotes zeigt nun, dass sich die Prognosen als stabil erweisen und die jungen Mütter tatsächlich finanzielle Eigenständigkeit erreichen können. Es wird allerdings weitere Erhebungen bei den nachfolgenden Kohorten brauchen, um diese ersten Befunde zu erhärten.
Felder und Akteur*innen kultureller Bildung in ländlichen Räumen
Authors: Thole Werner , Engel Alexandra , Retkowski Alexandra , Drews Katja , Schametat Jan , Gumz Heike , Trostmann Julian 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungDas vom Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) geförderte Verbundvorhaben zielt auf eine empirisch fundierte Darstellung der kulturellen Landschaften und insbesondere der Akteur*innenkonstellationen der kulturellen Bildung in drei alsperipherbissehr periphergekennzeichneten Regionen. Konkret wird mittels quantitativer und qualitativer Erhebungsmethoden den Fragestellungen nachgegangen, welche Felder und Akteur*innen in welcher Form und mit welchen Angeboten den Kultursektor bespielen, welche Vernetzungsformen und Kooperationen bestehen, wie diese und wie auch die Praxis und die Praktiken hergestellt und mit welchen Sinnkonstruktionen von den engagierten Personen versehen werden. Die Studie strebt an, neben der Identifikation der Spezifika kultureller Arrangements in den drei ländlichen Räumen diese auch vergleichend zu beschreiben.
Pore-Scale Modeling of Anode Catalyst Layer Tolerance upon Hydrogen Sulfide Exposure in PEMFC
Authors: Hou Yuze , Prass Sebastian , Li Xing , Du Qing , Jiao Kui , Zamel Nada 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA pore-scale contamination model is developed to resolve the physicochemical processes in the anode catalyst layer for a deeper insight into the hydrogen sulfide (H2S) contamination mechanism. The present model is based on lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) and a novel iteration algorithm is coupled to overcome the time-scale issue in LBM which can extend its application. The microstructure of CL is stochastically reconstructed considering the presence of carbon, Pt, ionomer, and pores. The proposed model is validated by comparing the experimental data and can accurately predict the effect of H2S contamination on performance with time. The results show that the fuel cell performance is not sensitive to the anode Pt loading under the clean fuel condition as the hydrogen oxidation reaction is easy to activate. However, higher Pt loading can effectively prolong the operation time under the H2S contamination by providing a larger buffer reactive area and a lower H2S concentration condition. Furthermore, the H2S contamination in the fuel gas should be strictly restricted as it directly affects the poisoning rate and significantly affects the operation time.

Graphical abstract
Physicochemical processes in the ACL with reactant transport through micro porous layer (MPL) to active Pt sites
Stirred tank simulation using Partially-Averaged Navier-Stokes $$k_u-\epsilon _u$$ turbulence model
Authors: Maji Srimanta , Sahu Akshaya K. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn the present study, simulation of a stirred tank using axial flow impeller has been studied numerically to see the behaviour of flow variables in the entire vessel. It is assumed that the flow is steady state, two dimensional, incompressible and axisymmetric. For simulation, Partially-Averaged Navier-Stokes (PANS) $$k_u-\epsilon _u$$

k
u

-

ϵ
u

turbulence model has been taken into account. For discretization, control volume method along with upwind and power-law schemes have been taken. The solutions are obtained by using the SIMPLE algorithm. The boundary conditions for impeller are given by using the experimental data. The main objective is to investigate the influence of different filters width $$f_k$$

f
k

of the PANS $$k_u-\epsilon _u$$

k
u

-

ϵ
u

model parameter on the characteristic flow variables. The predicted results of the PANS $$k_u-\epsilon _u$$

k
u

-

ϵ
u

model for different $$f_k$$

f
k

have been compared with the experimental data at different axial levels of the stirred tank. It has been observed that the power-law scheme gives better agreement with the experimental data. Further, near the impeller region, PANS predicted results are better for smaller $$f_k$$

f
k

. Also, Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes Shear Stress Transport (SST) $$k-\omega $$

k
-
ω

turbulence model has been tested for comparative study.
Lawful Remedy or Illegal Response? Resolving the Issue of Foreign Subsidization under WTO Law
Authors: Crochet Victor , Gustafsson Marcus 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDiscontentment is growing such that governments, and notably that of China, are increasingly providing subsidies to companies outside their jurisdiction, ‘buying their way’ into other countries’ markets and undermining fair competition therein as they do so. In response, the European Union recently published a proposal to tackle such foreign subsidization in its own market. This article asks whether foreign subsidies can instead be addressed under the existing rules of the World Trade Organization, and, if not, whether those rules allow States to take matters into their own hands and act unilaterally. The authors shed light on these issues and provide preliminary guidance on how to design a response to foreign subsidization which is consistent with international trade law.
GPS Imaging of Vertical Bedrock Displacements: Quantification of Two‐Dimensional Vertical Crustal Deformation in China
Authors: Pan Yuanjin , Hammond William C. , Ding Hao , Mallick Rishav , Jiang Weiping , Xu Xinyu , Shum C. K. , Shen Wenbin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe Global Positioning System (GPS) derived bedrock displacements respond to multiple geophysical effects, ranging from surface elastic loads to tectonic sources or viscoelastic uplifts stemming from Earth’s viscous mantle. In this study, the GPS‐inferred vertical crustal velocities are rigorously estimated in mainland China. We integrate the GPS vertical velocity field with Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and GRACE Follow‐On (GFO) data, adopting an empirical Spatial Structure Function (SSF), to image tectonic deformation in mainland China with respect to the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF) 2014. We present four profiles across China, which indicate that our new robust results are superior to kriging. Furthermore, we use the GRACE/GFO products to account for elastic deformation due to surface mass changes to isolate tectonic deformation signals at GPS sites within mainland China from 2002 to 2019. By integrating GPS and GRACE/GFO measurements, our results reveal the long‐term spatial patterns of vertical tectonic motion in different blocks in mainland China. We conclude that significant steep velocity gradients occur at tectonic block boundaries that are attributable to locking and elastic strain accumulation on active block boundary faults.
Analysis of Crystalline Rock Permeability Versus Depth in a Canadian Precambrian Rock Setting
Authors: Snowdon Andrew P. , Normani Stefano D. , Sykes Jonathan F. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOver the last 50 years, there has been an increased interest in characterizing Precambrian crystalline rock, such as the Canadian Shield, to investigate the feasibility of deep geologic repositories for isolating used nuclear fuel from the biosphere. Extensive work has been conducted in Canada with a large amount of that work undertaken by Atomic Energy of Canada Limited. Few peer‐reviewed journal articles were published based on these data, so a large amount of the data, specifically on fracture zones, are unavailable for modelers and analysts. By collecting and analyzing over one‐hundred technical reports, journal articles, and conference proceedings, written between 1975 and 1996, it was possible to characterize plutonic Precambrian crystalline rock and separate the data into (1) equivalent porous media (EPM) for rock mass and (2) fracture zones (FZs). A third category, aggregate media (AM), was used herein to represent the entire data set (EPM + FZs). Using the data from these studies, a novel logistic function was fit to represent the mean permeability, with respect to depth, of crystalline rock for EPMs and FZs in plutons. Understanding rock permeability is critical for the long‐term isolation of used nuclear fuel so that accurate predictions of fluid flow and mass transport can be evaluated in the area of the proposed storage location.
Contribution of Snow to Arctic First‐Year and Multi‐Year Sea Ice Mass Balance Within the Last Ice Area
Authors: Lange Benjamin A. , Haas Christian , Mucci Alfonso , Beckers Justin F. , Casey J. Alec , Duerksen Steve , Granskog Mats A. , Hatam Ido , Niemi Andrea , Reppchen Anke , Michel Christine 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe present the δ18O isotope composition of 16 multi‐year ice (MYI) and eight first‐year ice (FYI) cores collected during spring from the Lincoln Sea, a region within the Last Ice Area, which is expected to retain MYI longest into the future. Isotopic signatures were used to quantify the contribution of snow to sea ice mass. These estimates yield a higher total snow contribution in MYI (10 ± 5%) than to FYI (4 ± 2%). Converted to Snow Depth Equivalent (SDE), MYI had five times larger SDE (0.79 ± 0.38 m) than FYI (0.16 ± 0.11 m). The difference is explained by the contribution of refrozen surface and under‐ice melt ponds as well as superimposed/interposed ice for MYI resulting from higher accumulation of snow over multiple, longer accumulation seasons compared to FYI. Given the impending replacement of MYI by FYI, the large difference in absolute snow contributions between MYI and FYI highlights the potential implications in terms of the redistribution of precipitation‐derived (meteoric) freshwater throughout the Arctic Ocean. Furthermore, we observed high relative snow contributions to ice mass in the surface of one‐third of older FYI cores, which we attributed to flooding and formation of snow‐ice. Our results support the premise that flooding events on FYI may be more prevalent throughout the Arctic Ocean than previously assumed.
Carbon Dioxide Distribution, Origins, and Transport Along a Frontal Boundary During Summer in Mid‐Latitudes
Authors: Samaddar Arkayan , Feng Sha , Lauvaux Thomas , Barkley Zachary R. , Pal Sandip , Davis Kenneth J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSynoptic weather systems are a major driver of spatial gradients in atmospheric CO2 mole fractions. During frontal passages, air masses from different regions meet at the frontal boundary creating significant gradients in CO2 mole fractions. We quantitatively describe the atmospheric transport of CO2 mole fractions during a mid‐latitude cold front passage and explore the impact of various sources of CO2. We focus here on a cold front passage over Lincoln, Nebraska on August 4th, 2016 observed by aircraft during the Atmospheric Carbon and Transport‐America campaign. A band of air with elevated CO2 was located along the frontal boundary. Observed and simulated differences in CO2 across the front were as high as 25 ppm. Numerical simulations using Weather Research and Forecasting Model with Chemistry at cloud resolving resolutions (3 km), coupled with CO2 surface fluxes and boundary conditions from CarbonTracker (CT‐NRTv2017x), were performed to explore atmospheric transport at the front. Model results demonstrate that the frontal CO2 difference in the upper troposphere can be explained largely by inflow from outside of North America. This difference is modified in the atmospheric boundary layer and lower troposphere by continental surface fluxes, dominated in this case by biogenic and fossil fuel fluxes. Horizontal and vertical advection are found to be responsible for the transport of CO2 mole fractions along the frontal boundary. We show that cold front passages lead to large CO2 transport events including a significant contribution from vertical advection, and that midcontinent frontal boundaries are formed from a complex mixture of CO2 sources.
The Impact of Split and Displacement Sudden Stratospheric Warmings on the Troposphere
Authors: White Ian P. , Garfinkel Chaim I. , Cohen Judah , Jucker Martin , Rao Jian 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAlthough sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) can improve subseasonal‐to‐seasonal forecasts, it is unclear whether the two types of SSW ‐ displacements and splits ‐ have different near‐surface effects. To examine the longer‐term (i.e., multi‐week lead) tropospheric response to displacements and splits, we utilize an intermediate‐complexity model and impose wave‐1 and wave‐2 stratospheric heating perturbations spun‐off from a control run. At longer lags, the tropospheric response is found to be insensitive to both the wavenumber and location of the imposed heating, in agreement with freely evolving displacements and splits identified in the control run. At shorter lags, however, large differences are found between displacements and splits in both the control run and the different wavenumber‐forced events. In particular, in the control run, the free‐running splits have an immediate barotropic response throughout the stratosphere and troposphere whereas displacements take 1–2 weeks before a near‐surface response becomes evident. Interestingly, this barotropic response found during CTRL splits is not captured by the barotropically forced wave‐2 events, indicating that the zonal‐mean tropospheric circulation is somehow coupled with the generation of the wave‐2 splits. It is also found that in the control run, displacements yield stronger Polar‐Cap temperature anomalies than splits, yet both still yield similar magnitude tropospheric responses. Hence, the strength of the stratospheric warming is not the only governing factor in the surface response. Overall, SSW classification based on vortex morphology may be useful for subseasonal but not seasonal tropospheric prediction.