bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multifunctional Alkalophilic α-Amylase With Diverse Raw Seaweed Degrading Activities
Authors: gu xiaoqian , Fu Liping , Pan Aihong , Gui Yuanyuan , Zhang Qian , Li Jiang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Uncultured microbes are an important resource for the discovery of novel enzymes. In this study, an amylase gene (amy2587) that codes a protein with 587 amino acids (Amy2587) was obtained from the metagenomic library of macroalgae-associated bacteria. Recombinant Amy2587 was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) and was found to simultaneously possess α-amylase, agarase, carrageenase, cellulase, and alginate lyase activities, moreover, recombinant Amy2587 showed high thermostability and alkali resistance which are important characteristics for industrial application. To investigate the multifunctional mechanism of Amy2587, three motifs (functional domains) in the Amy2587 sequence were deleted to generate three truncated Amy2587 variants. The results showed that, although these functional domains affected the multiple substrates degrading activity of Amy2587, they did not wholly explain its multifunctional characteristics. To apply the multifunctional activity of Amy2587, three seaweed substrates (Grateloupia filicina, Chondrus ocellatus, and Scagassum) were digested using Amy2587. After 2 h, 6 h, and 24 h of digestion, 121.2 ± 4 µg/ml, 134.8 ± 6 µg/ml, and 70.3 ± 3.5 µg/ml of reducing sugars were released, respectively. These results show that Amy2587 directly and effectively degraded three kinds of raw seaweeds. This finding provides a theoretical basis for one-step enzymatic digestion of raw seaweeds to obtain seaweed oligosaccharides.
Demographic and Socioeconomic Variations in Diet Quality Among Pregnant Women in Mbeya, Tanzania
Authors: John Sauli Epimack , Paulo Heavenlight , Hancy Adam , Sanga Abraham , Noor Ramadhan , Lankoande Fatourmata , Masumo Ray , Leyna Germana H. , Bridge Gemma , Bedi Raman 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BackgroundSub-optimal diets are the primary risk factor for mortality among pregnant women. In Tanzania, many pregnant women have micronutrient deficiencies in iron, iodine, and vitamin A. Promoting healthy diets, with a focus on food quality and the consumption of fortified foods, may help to reduce mortality amongst pregnant women. However, more evidence is needed to inform the development of effective food based approaches. The aim of the study was to evaluate associations between demographic and socioeconomic factors with diet quality among pregnant women in Mbeya, Tanzania. MethodsData from a cross-sectional study conducted, in 2020, in Mbeya which included a population-based sample of 420 pregnant women was analyzed. Dietary intake was assessed using the Prime Diet Quality Score (PDQS) with data from 24-HR diet recalls. Socioeconomic variables were also collected. Chi square-tests and one way ANOVAs were used to assess differences across demographic and socio-economic predictors of PDQS. Multivariate analyses were conducted to adjust for confounders and effect modifiers. All tests were two-tailed and significance level was set at 5%. ResultsStudy participants had a mean age of 25.49 ± 6.37 years. The mean PDQS was 16.2±2.7. For the PDQS, the consumption of at least 4 servings per week of food groups was as follows: dark green leafy green vegetables (29.2%), other vegetables (14.7%) and vegetable liquid oil (57.2%). Consumption of refined grains was high (48.0%). Pregnant women who visited antenatal clinics (ANC) had a reduced diet quality. Occupational status and household wealth index were significantly associated with PDQS in high quintile groups. Marital status was negatively associated with the PDQS and, pregnant women who reported to visit ANC were positively associated with PDQS. ConclusionsPregnant women aged 15-49 years in Mbeya region have low PDQS scores due to high intakes of refined grains, limited consumption of red meats, and low intakes of healthy cruciferous vegetables, whole citrus fruits and poultry. These findings suggest that public health action is needed to improve diet quality amongst pregnant women to improve health outcomes of this population.
Pre-Procedural Lpa level and ApoB/ApoA1 Ratio and the Risk for Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Patients Undergoing Emergency Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Tao Jun , Dai Wen , Ye Chenglin , Yao Qian , Zhou Man , Li Yan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: High serum Lpa level and ApoB/ApoA1 ratio are risk factors for cardiovascular disease and kidney disease, and have been found to be related to the prevalence and prognosis of a variety of kidney diseases. However, it is not clear whether the preoperative serum Lpa level and ApoB/ApoA1 ratio are related to the incidence of CI-AKI after PCI.Methods: The 931 patients who underwent emergency PCI surgery from July 2018 to July 2020 were included. According to whether the serum creatinine level was higher than the baseline level (≥25% or ≥0.5 mg/dL) 48-72 hours after PCI, these participants were divided into CI-AKI group (n=174) and non-CI-AKI group(n=757). We detected the serum Lpa, ApoA1 and ApoB levels of the patients when they were admitted to the hospital, and calculated ApoB/ApoA1. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline analyses were used to determine the correlation between Lpa concentration and ApoB/ApoA1 ratio and the risk of CI-AKI.Results: Among 931 patients undergoing emergency PCI, 174 (18.69%) patients developed CI-AKI. The preoperative Lpa level and ApoB/ApoA1 ratio of the CI-AKI group were higher than those of the non-CI-AKI group, and the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). In each logistic regression model, we found that preoperative serum Lpa level and ApoB / ApoA1 ratio were inversely associated with the incidence of CI-AKI(P <0.05). After adjusting all the risk factors included in this study, restricted cubic spline analyses found that the preoperative Lpa level and the ApoB/ApoA1 ratio were positively correlated with the incidence of CI-AKI within a certain range.Conclusion: The preoperative high levels of Lpa and the ratio of ApoB/ApoA1 are independent risk factors for the onset of CI-AKI.
Preoperative C-Reactive Protein Levels Predict Readmission Following Elective Vascular Surgery
Authors: mcfalls edward , Khan Asrar , Green Derrick L. , Santilli Steve , Johnson Debra K. , Carlson Selma , Mbai Mackenzi , Kelly Rosemary F. , Gravely Amy A. , Bart Brad , Adabag Selcuk , Garcia Santiago , Chen Qun , Jovin Ion S. , Lesnefsky Edward 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BackgroundC-reactive protein levels (CRP) may be reduced with long-term administration of ubiquinol (CoQ10) in patients with chronic ischemic heart disease but the impact of a short-term period of administration in patients undergoing elective vascular surgery is uncertain.MethodsA double-blind randomized controlled trial was implemented to determine whether preoperative administration of CoQ10 could reduce cardiac biomarker elevations. Patients were randomly assigned to CoQ10 (400 mg per day) versus Placebo for 3 days prior to surgery. BNP, troponin and CRP were obtained pre and post-surgery. The primary endpoint was peak BNP and secondary endpoints were length of stay and readmission.ResultsOne hundred and twenty-three patients were randomly assigned to CoQ10 (N=62) or Placebo (N=61) for 3 days pre-surgery. At 24 hours post-surgery, the group receiving CoQ10 had lower BNP levels with no intergroup differences in CRP. Within 1-year post-discharge, thirty-six (29%) were readmitted and preoperative risk for readmission (HR: 95% CI) included diabetes mellitus (3.60: 1.46-8.91), active smoking (3.55: 1.43-8.78) and CRP (1.35: 1.04-1.76). C-index for all three variables predicting readmission was 0.727. ConclusionsShort-term administration of CoQ10 reduced perioperative BNP but not CRP levels. CRP, along with diabetes and active smoking were independent predictors of readmission and should be targeted as a means of reducing subsequent rehospitalizations following elective vascular procedures.Trial Registrationclinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT03956017
Experimental study of a solar water treatment device with dome structure cover in winter: performance evaluation and comparative analysis
Authors: Sun Zhilin , Tu Wenrong , Fang Shibiao 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a dome slope single basin solar still for water treatment and desalination is presented. This new solar still device is based on installing a dome slope cover on the walls of the solar still. The main objective of such a still is to concentrate more sunrays at the still's bottom basin, through the increased area of the dome glass cover. Experiments are conducted under the climate conditions in Hangzhou city, China, for testing the operational performance of the dome slope type solar still and the fourfold slope still, so as to make a comparative analysis between them. Assessment of the dome slope still's feasibility is performed based on energy, exergy, exergoeconomic, and enviroeconomic methodologies, as well as energy payback time. Results show that the productivity of the dome slope still is 36% higher than that of the fourfold slope still, and the dome slope solar still enhances the average hourly energy efficiency by 34%. Due to the higher energy and exergy outputs of the dome slope solar still throughout its lifetime, the novel solar still proposed in this study mitigates more CO2 compared with the fourfold slope still. Overall, incorporation of the dome slope cover with the still is found to be promising in terms of freshwater yield, cost, and energy payback time compared with the conventional one. The dome slope single basin solar still appears to be effective from exergoeconomic and exergoenvironmental parameter analysis.
The Efficacy and Safety of Topical Tranexamic Acid for Spinal Surgery
Authors: Guo Tai , Xuan Wenxia , Feng Haoyu , Wang Junjie , Ma Xun 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Spinal surgeries are often accompanied by significant blood loss both intraoperatively
and postoperatively. Excessive blood loss caused by surgery may lead to several unsatisfactory medical consequences.
Tranexamic acid (TXA) is a kind of antifibrinolytic agent that has been widely used in spinal surgery.
Currently, it is widely accepted that intravenous TXA (ivTXA) can clearly reduce blood loss in spinal fusion
surgeries. Compared with ivTXA, topical TXA (tTXA) seems to be much easier to administer, and this advantage
provides a maximum concentration of TXA at the haemorrhagic site with little to no TXA entering the
circulation.

Objective:
To evaluate the effect of tTXA on blood loss during and after spinal surgery via a comprehensive metaanalysis
of the published data in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and other comparative cohort studies.

Methods:
A comprehensive search of PubMed, EMBASE, the Web of Science and the Cochrane Central Register
of Controlled Trials was performed for RCTs and other comparative cohort studies on the effect of tTXA on
blood loss during and after spinal surgery. The outcomes were total blood loss, hidden blood loss, intraoperative
blood loss, total postoperative drainage volume, drainage tube duration postoperatively, drainage volume and
drainage of blood content at postoperative day (POD) 1 and POD2, length of hospital stay, number of patients
who received a blood transfusion, serum HB level at POD1, operative timespan, side effects and complications.
The final search was performed in October, 2020. We followed the PRISMA guideline, and the registration
number is INPLASY202160028.

Results:
In total, 6 studies with 481 patients were included. tTXA treatment, compared with the control conditions,
can significantly reduce the total blood loss, hidden blood loss, total postoperative drainage volume, and
number of patients receiving blood transfusions; reduce the drainage volume and drainage of blood content at
POD1; shorten the drainage tube duration postoperatively and length of hospital stay; and enhance the serum
HB level at POD1 for spinal surgery. tTXA treatment did not significantly influence the intraoperative blood
loss, drainage volume or drainage of blood content at POD2 or the operative duration.

Conclusion:
Compared with control conditions, tTXA has high efficacy in reducing blood loss and drainage
volume, enables quick rehabilitation, and has a relatively high level of safety in spinal surgery.
Topological Properties of Sierpinski Network and its Application
Authors: Fang Juanyan , Rafiullah Muhammad , Siddiqui Hafiz Muhammad Afzal 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Sierpinski graphs !(!, !) are largely studied because of their fractal
nature with applications in topology, chemistry, mathematics of Tower of Hanoi and computer
sciences. Applications of molecular structure descriptors are a standard procedure which are used
to correlate the biological activity of molecules with their chemical structures, and thus can be
helpful in the field of pharmacology.

Objective:
The aim of this article is to establish analytically closed computing formulae for
eccentricity-based descriptors of Sierpinski networks and their regularizations. These computing
formulae are useful to determine a large number of properties like thermodynamic properties,
physicochemical properties, chemical and biological activity of chemical graphs.

Methods:
At first, vertex sets have been partitioned on the basis of their degrees, eccentricities and
frequencies of occurrence. Then these partitions are used to compute the eccentricity-based indices
with the aid of some combinatorics.

Results:
The total eccentric index and eccentric-connectivity index have been computed. We also
compute some eccentricity-based Zagreb indices of the Sierpinski networks. Moreover, a
comparison has also been presented in the form of graphs.

Conclusion:
These computations will help the readers to estimate the thermodynamic properties
and physicochemical properties of chemical structure which are of fractal nature and can not be
dealt with easily. A 3D graphical representation is also presented to understand the dynamics of the
aforementioned topological descriptors.
Animal Venom Peptides Cause Antinociceptive Effects by Voltage-gated
Calcium Channels Activity Blockage
Authors: Trevisan Gabriela , Oliveira Sara Marchesan 
Published: July 2021

:
Pain is a complex phenomenon that is usually unpleasant and aversive. It can range widely
in intensity, quality, and duration and has diverse pathophysiologic mechanisms and meanings.
Voltage-gated sodium and calcium channels are essential to transmitting painful stimuli from the periphery
until the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Thus, blocking voltage-gated calcium channels
(VGCCs) can effectively control pain refractory to treatments currently used in the clinic, such as
cancer and neuropathic pain. VGCCs blockers isolated of cobra Naja naja kaouthia (α-cobratoxin),
spider Agelenopsis aperta (ω-Agatoxin IVA), spider Phoneutria nigriventer (PhTx3.3, PhTx3.4,
PhTx3.5, PhTx3.6), spider Hysterocrates gigas (SNX-482), cone snails Conus geographus (GVIA),
Conus magus (MVIIA or ziconotide), Conus catus (CVID, CVIE and CVIF), Conus striatus (SO-
3), Conus fulmen (FVIA), Conus moncuri (MoVIA and MoVIB), Conus regularis (RsXXIVA), Conus
eburneus (Eu1.6), Conus victoriae (Vc1.1.), Conus regius (RgIA), and spider Ornithoctonus
huwena (huwentoxin-I and huwentoxin-XVI) venoms caused antinociceptive effects in different
acute and chronic pain models. Currently, ziconotide is the only clinical used N-type VGCCs blocker
peptide for chronic intractable pain. However, ziconotide causes different adverse effects, and the
intrathecal route of administration also impairs its use in a more significant number of patients. In
this sense, peptides isolated from animal venoms or their synthetic forms that act by modulating or
blocking VGCCs channels seem to be a relevant prototype for developing new analgesics efficacious
and well tolerated by patients.
Effects of Di-2-Ethylhexyl Phthalate on Central Nervous System Functions:
A Narrative Review
Authors: Safarpour Soheila , Ghasemi-Kasman Maryam , Safarpour Samaneh , Darban Yasaman Mahdizadeh 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Phthalates are widely used in the plastics industry. Di-2-Ethylhexyl Phthalate
(DEHP) is one of the most important phthalate metabolites that disrupt the function of endocrine
glands. Exposure to DEHP causes numerous effects on animals, humans, and the environment. Low
doses of DEHP increase neurotoxicity in the nervous system that has arisen deep concerns due to the
widespread nature of DEHP exposure and its high absorption during brain development.

Objective:
In this review article, we evaluated the impacts of DEHP exposure from birth to adulthood
on neurobehavioral damages. Then, the possible mechanisms of DEHP-induced neurobehavioral
impairment were discussed.

Methodology:
Peer-reviewed articles were extracted through Embase, PubMed, and Google Scholar
till the year 2021.

Results:
The results showed that exposure to DEHP during pregnancy and infancy leads to memory
loss and irreversible nervous system damage.

Conclusion:
Overall, it seems that increased levels of oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators
possess a pivotal role in DEHP-induced neurobehavioral impairment.
Synthesis, Application and Antimicrobial Activity of New Acid Dyes Based
on 3-Amino-2-thioxo-4-thiazolidinone Nucleus on Wool and Silk Fabrics
Authors: Mohamed Fatma A. , Elkhabiry Shaban , Ismail Ismail A. , Attia Attia O. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract:
The dyes are synthesized by 3-Amino-2-thioxo-4thiazolidinone (N-Amino rhodanine) with glutaraldehyde or terephthalaldehyde by 2:1 mole to form a and b then coupled with diazonium salts p-Amino benzenesulfonic acid and 4-Amino 3,4-disulfoazobenzeneazobenzene by 2:1 to form new different bis-mono-azo a1 and b1 and diazo a2 and b2 acid dyes. Therefore, the synthesized dyes were applied to both silk and wool fabric materials. We also evaluated the antimicrobial susceptivity of these dyed fabrics to two model gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Further, the chemical composition of these dyes is emphasized by an elemental analysis.

Aims:
This paper aims to synthesize and apply dye and antimicrobial to four new acid dyes based on derivatives of N-Amino rhodanine as a chromophoric group. Then, these dyes are used in dyeing silk and wool which have good lightfastness, and are also excellent for washing, rubbing and sweating fastness. Also, we measure antimicrobial susceptivity of silk and wool fabrics to Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.

Background:
The new synthetic acid dyes, which have antimicrobial susceptivity to gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, are mostly used on silk and wool fabrics which are excellent for lightfastness, washing, rubbing and sweating fastness.

Objective:
The present studies aimed at synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial susceptivity to gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.

Methods:
The infra-red spectrum was recorded using an Infra-red spectrometer, Perkin Elmer/1650 FT-IR. The 1H-NMR spectra were recorded using a Varian 400MHz spectrometer. The absorbance of the dyes was measured in the ultraviolet-visible region between 300 and 700 nm by a UNICAM UV spectrophotometer. The dye uptake by wool and silk fabrics was measured using a Shimadzu UV-2401PC (UV/V is spectrophotometer at λmax) before and after dyeing. The produced dyes were found to have a good antimicrobial susceptivity to a variety of bacteria.

Results and Discussion:
The compounds a1, b1, a2 &b2 show good antimicrobial activity toward gram-negative (E. coli), gram-positive (S. aurous) bacteria. The data showed that exhaustion and fastness activities of silk and wool dyed fabrics were both very high.

Conclusion:
In this work, we prepared newly synthesized acid dyes based on 3-Amino-2-thioxo-4-thiazolidinone derivatives and used them for dyeing wool and silk fabrics. Both synthetic dyes have shown good lightfastness and fastness properties. Also, all dyes have shown a good antimicrobial effect.
Determinants of Tobacco Use and Nicotine Dependence Among Healthcare
Students and Their Undergraduate Peers
Authors: Parthasarathi Ashwaghosha , Shankar Malavika , Madhivanan Purnima , Lokesh Komarla Sundararaja , Undela Krishna , Krishna Mamidipudi Thirumala , Mahesh Padukudru Anand 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Global estimates suggest that tobacco will account for 8 million deaths
per year by 2030. The Global Adult Tobacco Survey (2016-17) reported that more than half of men
and one in ten women aged 15 years and above smoke in India.

Introduction:
Health science courses students (HCS), being the future of our health care system,
are expected to be more knowledgeable regarding the hazards of tobacco and are considered less
likely to use it compared to their peers (non-HCS) from other fields. The aim of the study is to determine
the prevalence and determinants of tobacco use and levels of nicotine dependence amongst
HCS and non-HCS students.

Methods:
Web-based survey (response rate of 72%) employing Global Youth Tobacco Survey
(GYTS) and Fagerström standardized questionnaires (n = 4770 [21.5 (SD: ± 1.61) years: 62%
male] was filled by HCS (43.5%) and non-HCS (56.3%) students from three universities. A descriptive,
comparative and multivariate analysis was performed.

Results:
Half of non-HCS and a third of HCS used tobacco, with a higher proportion of male users
in both groups. 70% of overall participants showed ‘low nicotine dependence’ with a higher proportion
of ‘high dependence’ within the non-HCS group (13.89% vs. 9.2%). There were crucial differences
in specific determinants and ages of initiation of tobacco use between the two groups.

Conclusion:
Tobacco use in HCS, apart from personal health risks, may potentially affect their future
commitment to support patients in tobacco cessation programs. There is a need for further research
into tobacco prevention and cessation programs tailored to the needs of student groups
based on the determinants affecting them.