bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary protein intake, energy deficit, and nitrogen balance in normal‐weight adults: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Margolis Lee M , Cao Jay J , Whigham Leah D , McClung James P , Combs Gerald F , Young Andrew J , Pasiakos Stefan M 
Published: June 2021

Consuming protein at levels higher than the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) may be metabolically advantageous for overweight and obese individuals attempting weight loss. However, the dose‐response characteristics that define the optimal level of dietary protein necessary to sustain measures of metabolic homeostasis during short‐term energy deficit (ED) in normal‐weight adults remain unclear. Thirty‐two men and 7 women participated in a 31‐day randomized trial providing diets containing protein at either the RDA (0.8 g·kg−1·d−1), 2X‐RDA (1.6 g·kg−1·d−1), or 3X‐RDA (2.4 g·kg−1·d−1). A weight maintenance (WM, days 1–10) period was followed by 21 days of ED (days 11–31); energy intake was restricted to 60% of daily requirements. Nitrogen balance (NBAL) was assessed during WM (day 9) and throughout ED on days 14, 17, 24, and 30. Independent of protein, NBAL (mgN·kg−1·d−1) was lower (P < 0.05) at the start of ED (day 14, −40 ± 5) compared to WM (day 9, −10 ± 5). NBAL remained negative at the conclusion of ED (day 30) for RDA (−39 ± 8). However, NBAL increased (P < 0.05) rapidly and was maintained at levels comparable to WM beginning on day 17 for 2X‐RDA (0 ± 8), yet failed to achieve WM levels until day 30 (−7 ± 10) for 3X‐RDA. These data confirm that high protein diets conserve NBAL during short‐term ED, but suggest no beneficial effect of protein at levels beyond 2X‐RDA, as 3X‐RDA failed to further enhance nitrogen adaptation.Supported by USAMRMC and USDA ARS
Folate in human skin: its correlation with serum levels, and the unusual abundance in the epidermis of 5‐methyltetrahydrofolate
Authors: Hasoun Luai Z. , Bailey Steven W. , Outlaw Kitti K. , Ayling June E. 
Published: June 2021

Understanding the biology of folates in human skin is of considerable interest not only because they may be at risk for degradation by ultraviolet light, but they may also have photoprotective properties. We have previously measured 5‐methyltetrahydrofolate (5‐MTHF) in fresh ex vivo skin samples by a recovery validated extraction method, and found that epidermis contains an order of magnitude higher concentration than the dermis. Skin samples from black and white subjects not exposed to light were not different from each other (FASEB J. 2011, 25:608.2). We now show that the abundance of 5‐MTHF in both layers of skin in relation to total folate (TFOL) as determined by microbiological assay are highly and linearly correlated with the serum folate status. Surprisingly, while the percentage of TFOL present as 5‐MTHF in the dermis was typical of other organs, it constituted an unusually high percentage in the epidermis, increasing (to over 70%) as serum folate (and thus skin total folate) decreased. The high percentage of 5‐MTHF in the epidermis, and its maintenance in mildly folate deficient subjects, points to a special role for this form of folate in skin, perhaps as a scavenger of singlet oxygen produced in UV induced photosensitization reactions (FASEB J. 2007, 21:2101–7).Supported by NSF 009185353; LZH is recipient of a predoctoral fellowship from the Graduate Research Scholars Program of Alabama.
Anthranilic acid and 3‐hydroxyanthranilic acid, but not kynurenic acid, are associated with plasma pyridoxal‐5 phosphate levels
Authors: Reginaldo Christina Dichoso , Selhub Jacob , Paul Ligi , Jacques Paul , Wang Thomas , Gerszten Robert 
Published: June 2021

Both high inflammation and low pyridoxal 5′‐phosphate (PLP) status are associated with chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. A hallmark of inflammation is the induction of indoleamine‐2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO) by the inflammatory cytokine interferon‐γ, leading to the degradation of tryptophan through the kynurenine pathway. Since PLP is a cofactor for many of the enzymes in the kynurenine pathway, we hypothesize that plasma PLP levels could modulate the formation of some of the kynurenines that require PLP as a cofactor for synthesis. To test this, a secondary data analysis was performed on metabolomics data from 1,868 subjects from Framingham Offspring cohort, Exam 5. Using generalized linear models, anthranilic acid (AA) and 3‐hydroxyanthranilic acid (OH‐AA) were found to be positively associated with PLP after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, creatinine, smoking status, and NSAID use (p=0.04 and 0.02, respectively). A 10 nmol/L increase in PLP status was associated with 0.5% and 1.1% increases in AA and OH‐AA, respectively. Kynurenic acid (KA) was not found to be associated with PLP (p = 0.41). Results suggest that AA and OHAA are weakly associated with plasma PLP. Supported by USDA cooperative agreement 51520–008‐045 and NHLBI Framingham Heart Study (Contract No.N01‐HC‐25195).Grant Funding Source: USDA cooperative agreement 51520–008‐045 and NHLBI Framingham Heart Study (Contract No.N01‐HC‐25195).
Baked purple potato extracts, containing anthocyanins, elevate apoptosis in colon cancer stem cells via p53 independent pathways
Authors: Vanamala Jairam , Charepalli Venkata , Reddivari Lavanya 
Published: June 2021

We have previously shown that baked purple potato anthocyanins (PA) suppress proliferation and elevate apoptosis in human colon cancer cell lines HCT‐116 (p53 +/+ and K‐ras−/−) and HT‐29 (K‐ras+/+). However, the effect of PA on human colon cancer stem cells (CSCs) is not yet known. The objectives of this study were 1) to evaluate the metabolite profiles of fresh vs. baked potato; and 2) to evaluate the anti‐proliferative (BrdU and Cell counting) and proapoptotic (TUNEL) properties of PA against CSCs (positive for CD44, CD133, Aldehyde Dehydrogenase markers) with functioning p53 and attenuated p53 (shRNA). Principal component analysis of 1600 metabolite fragments from fresh vs. baked samples did not differ for white or purple potatoes. We observed dose dependent (2.5–10 μg/ml) suppression (P ≤ 0.05) of proliferation and induction (P ≤ 0.05) of apoptosis with PA in CSCs with functioning p53. Attenuation of p53 expression by shRNA in CSCs did not affect the efficacy of the PA in suppression (P ≤ 0.05) of proliferation and elevation (P ≤ 0.05) of apoptosis. These results indicate that PA acts on CSCs with the same efficacy as that of HCT‐116 and HT‐29 colon cancer cell lines, thus providing an opportunity to develop an evidence‐based dietary intervention against colon cancer. We are currently evaluating the effect of PA on colon stem cells in vivo.Grant Funding Source: National Research Initiative Grant 2009–55200‐05197 from the USDA National Institute for Food and Agriculture (2009–2012) and Agricultural Experiment Station (AES) grant (2010–2012), Colorado State University.
Dietary C20–22 ω3 PUFA regulate hepatic oxidized PUFA levels and attenuate markers of diet induced non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in Ldlr−/− mice
Authors: Depner Christopher M. , Bohren Kurt M , Morin‐Kensicki Elizabeth , Jump Donald B 
Published: June 2021

Non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a progressive form of fatty liver disease that is characterized by hepatic inflammation, oxidative stress and fibrosis. The capacity of eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5ω3; EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6ω3; DHA) to attenuate diet‐induced NASH was examined in Ldlr−/− mice fed a western diet (WD) for 16 weeks. The WD induced severe hepatosteatosis, inflammation (Mcp1), oxidative stress (NADPH oxidase, Nox2), and fibrosis (Procol1α1). The WD also increased hepatic ω6 PUFA (i.e., arachidonic acid, 20:4ω6) & COX/LOX derived oxidized PUFA (oxPUFA, i.e., 6‐keto‐PGF1α; 12‐HETE). Mice fed the WD containing EPA or DHA had decreased expression of NASH markers (Mcp1, Nox2, Procol1α1), hepatic ω6 PUFA & ω6 oxPUFA, but increased hepatic content of ω3 PUFA & oxPUFA, i.e., EPA, DHA, 18‐HEPE & 17,18‐DiHETE. 18‐HEPE is a resolvin E‐series precursor and 17,18‐DiHETE is an epoxide hydrolase product of 17,18 epoxy‐eicosatetraenoic acid; these are cytoprotective fatty acids. We speculate that oxidized products of hepatic C20–22 ω3 PUFA metabolism play a role in the ω3 PUFA attenuation of inflammation, fibrosis and oxidative stress in WD‐induced NASH in Ldlr−/− mice.Grant Funding Source: NIFA/USDA (2009–65200‐05846) and NIH (DK 094600 and DK043220)
Evaluation Of Antioxidant Defense In Patients Undergoing Minor Elective Surgery With Balanced Anesthesia Maintained With The Inhaled Isoflurane
Authors: Braz Mariana Gobbo , Salvadori Daisy , Braz Leandro , Braz José Reinaldo , Tang Guangwen , Yeum Kyung‐Jin 
Published: June 2021

It is suggested that invasive surgical procedure can induce oxidative stress. However, only a few data regarding elective surgeries and the adjuvant effect of anesthesia are available. Fifteen patients without comorbidities, aged 18–45 years old, and scheduled for septoplasty or tympanoplasty, received general anesthesia maintained with the volatile isoflurane anesthetic. Blood samples were collected before and at the end of anesthesia. Total antioxidant performance (TAP), that measures the oxidizability of both aqueous and lipid compartments of plasma, was evaluated by fluorometry and plasma antioxidants carotenoids, tocopherols and retinol were determined by a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system. Most of the carotenoids significantly decreased as well as alpha‐tocopherol and retinol (p<0.001), whereas TAP was increased (p<0.002) at the end of anesthesia. In vitro experiment revealed that this anesthetic showed an antioxidant potential in the equivalent concentration of blood during anesthesia in dose‐dependent manner. Thus, the current study indicates that despite of the decrease of some lipophilic endogenous antioxidants during balanced anesthesia with isoflurane in patients undergoing minor elective surgeries, the antioxidant activity of isoflurane itself may be resulted in increases of plasma TAP in these patients.Supported by FAPESP, Brazil #2010/05611–0 and USDA/USA #58–1950‐7–07
Maternal obesity leads to an inflammatory response and insulin resistance in ovarian tissuse
Authors: Ruebel Meghan Lynne , Shankar Kartik , Badger Thomas , Andres Aline 
Published: June 2021

Maternal obesity during the pre‐conception period may influence ovarian functions and affect embryo development. Lean and obese (OB) Sprague‐Dawley dams were examined during the preimplantation period at dpc 4.5. Obesity was induced by controlled overfeeding (40% excess calories for 28 d) via total enteral nutrition. Hormonal and metabolic parameters and ovarian gene expression were assessed. OB dams (n=7) had significantly higher body weight, greater fat mass and lesser lean mass compared to lean dams (n=10). OB dams also displayed elevated serum concentrations of triglycerides, total cholesterol, NEFA, insulin, leptin, and CCL2 (p<0.05) compared to lean dams. Microarray analysis of ovaries showed that obesity led to a down regulation of 226 genes and an up regulation of 58 genes, with an increase of several pro‐inflammatory chemokines and cytokines and down‐regulation of insulin‐regulated pathways. Confirmation by real‐time qPCR indicated elevated ovarian expression of CCL2, CXCL10, and CXCL11 (p<0.05) and decreased expression of GLUT4 (p<0.05) in OB dams compared to lean dams. In conclusion, increased maternal adiposity was associated with inflammation and reduced glucose transport in the ovaries, which may lead to dysfunction of the follicular environment and possibly impact oocyte and embryo development.Grant Funding Source: USDA‐ARS CRIS# 6251–51000‐005–02S‐3
Effect of Azelnidipine in Human Internal Mammary Artery and Clinical Implications
Authors: Gao Ge , BAI Xiao‐Yan , XUAN Chao , LIU Xiao‐Cheng , JING Wen‐Bin , YANG Qin , HE Guo‐Wei 
Published: June 2021

Graft spasm remains challenging in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery. We investigated the inhibitory effect of a dihydropyridine calcium antagonist azelnidipine on the vasoconstriction mediated by potassium chloride (KCl) and U46619 in human internal mammary artery (IMA) from patients undergoing CABG. Isolated IMA rings (n = 68, taken from 28 patients) were studied in organ baths in two ways: the relaxing effect of azelnidipine on vasoconstrictor‐induced precontraction by KCl and U46619 and the depressing effect of azelnidipine on the contraction. Azelnidipine caused full relaxation in KCl‐contracted (96.5% ± 0.7%) and in U46619‐contracted (96.5% ± 1.4%) IMA rings (n = 8) with 28.8‐fold higher potency to KCl than to U46619 (EC50: −7.49 ± 0.21 vs −6.03 ± 0.11 log M, p < 0.01). Pretreatment of IMA with plasma concentrations of azelnidipine (−6.1 log M) significantly depressed subsequent contraction to KCl (from 25.8 ± 2.2 mN to 16.0 ± 1.5 mN, p < 0.05) and U46619 (from 30.6 ± 4.0 mN to 16.5 ± 2.2 mN, p < 0.01). We conclude that in human IMA azelnidipine has a potent inhibitory effect on the vasoconstriction mediated by a variety of vasoconstrictors. Thus, use of azelnidipine in CABG patients is favored in treating and preventing graft spasm.Supported by NSF 81170148, 2010CB529500, 2009DFB30560, 09ZCZDSF04200, 10JCYBJC26400, 2012‐BH110004, 2011BHKZ001 & 2011BHKY002, and CUHK4789/09, China.
Adipocytokines and fetal fat accretion in pregnant teens
Authors: Whisner Corrie Marie , Pressman Eva K , Young Bridget E , Cooper Beth E , Queenan Ruth A , O'Brien Kimberly O 
Published: June 2021

Shifts in energy metabolism required for fetal development are mediated by adipokines; this process may be uniquely altered in pregnant teens undergoing continued growth across pregnancy. To assess hormonal factors of fetal fat accretion, maternal and cord blood were obtained in 171 pregnant teens (age 13–18 y). Fetal biometry and fetal abdominal wall thickness (FetalAbFat), a measure of fetal subcutaneous fat, were obtained from sonograms. Leptin and adiponectin were analyzed in maternal serum at mid‐gestation and delivery and in cord blood. Of the teens studied, 68% were Black and 32% were Caucasian; mean gestational weight gain (GWG) was 17.3 ± 8.1 kg. FetalAbFat at late gestation (34.7 ± 2.7 wks; range 26.9 – 41.0 wks) averaged 0.47 ± 0.14 cm; mean birth weight (BW) at delivery was 3322.5 ± 480.9 g. Maternal leptin and adiponectin did not differ by race but cord adiponectin was significantly (P<0.001) greater in Caucasian neonates. FetalAbFat was not linked with maternal or cord adiponectin (n=50 maternal‐neonatal pairs) but a positive trend (P=0.07, n=112 maternal‐neonatal pairs) was observed for cord leptin. Infant BW was positively related with cord leptin (P<0.0001), cord adiponectin (P<0.03) and FetalAbFat (P<0.001). In spite of GWG similar to adult women, teens often suffer lower BWs suggestive of a need for more data on determinants of fetal growth and fat accumulation in pregnant adolescents.Grant Funding Source: USDA/NIFA Grant No. 2012–67012‐19815, 2005–35200
Arginine production & nitric oxide synthesis in pregnancy, a study in Jamaican, American and Indian women
Authors: Karnes Jeffrey Mark , Hsu Jean W. , Tang Grace J. , Baker Tameka M. , Thame Minerva M. , Dwarkanath Prathiba , Kurpad Anura V. , Jahoor Farook 
Published: June 2021

Arginine (arg) supply is critical for a successful pregnancy because of its roles in protein, nitric oxide (NO) and creatine syntheses and in cell growth and differentiation. NO is especially important for vascular expansion in pregnancy and a deficiency of arg supply could underlie the high prevalence of low birth weight (LBW) neonates in Indian women and in adolescent girls. Stable isotope tracers were used to measure arg flux and NO synthesis in pregnant American, Indian and Jamaican women and teenagers.

Gestation
Jamaica
India
United States

Weeks
Adult N=8
Teen N=8
Norm. BMI N=10
Low BMI N=10
Adult N=6

Arg Flux (μmol/kg/h)

13
108±6a
107±6a
50±2b
63±3b

20

108±5a

28
114±12a
82±7a
45±2b
50±2b

36–39

82±3

Post‐partum

73±6

Values are Mean±SEM;
versus postpartum value, P<0.01
lower than Jamaican and American values, P<0.01

Except for normal BMI Indian women, NO synthesis was not different among groups at trimesters 1 and 3. Pregnant Indian women produced arg at a slower rate compared to all others. This slower arg flux was associated with slower NO synthesis in normal BMI, but not in low BMI Indian women. There were significant correlations between birth weight and arg flux at trimester 1 (r=0.54, P<0.01) and trimester 3 (r= 0.53, P<0.01), indicating a strong association between decreased arg flux and LBW. Not surprisingly, the Indian women delivered 45% LBW babies compared to 19% for Jamaicans.Grant Funding Source: USDA/ARS
The effects of hypoxic development on cardiac function in fetal chickens
Authors: Jonker Sonnet S , Crossley Dane A 
Published: June 2021

Direct measurements of cardiac function and the impact of hypoxic incubation in late stage fetal chickens have not been previously quantified, while systemic effects have been extensively documented. Given reported cardiac enlargement in hypoxic incubated fetal chickens, we sought to investigate potential changes in cardiac function that may accompany this phenotype.METHODSWhite leghorn fetal chickens were incubated at 21% (N) or 15% oxygen (H) for 19 days. Anesthetized animals from both groups had left ventricular (LV) output measured with a Transonic flow probe, or had a 3.5mm Scisense ADVantage catheter inserted to measure LV pressure‐volume relationships at 21% and 10% O2 during aortic occlusions. RNA expression was measured by quantitative PCR. Data are presented as mean±SEM.RESULTSHeart weight proportionate to body weight was higher in the H group (6.6±0.3 vs. 5.6±0.2, p<0.05). At 21% O2, stroke volume was lower in the H than the N group (16±2μl vs. 32±4, p<0.05). Pressure‐volume characteristics were similar between groups. Key genes in cardiac growth pathways were upregulated by hypoxic incubation (cyclin D1 160% of N, p21 240%, Notch1 200%, p<0.05), as was expression of collagens 1α2 and 3α1 (229% and 213%, p<0.05).CONCLUSIONIntracardiac pressure‐volume parameters can be measured in chick fetuses at day 19 of incubation. Hypoxic incubation changes cardiac function and activates growth and differentiation pathways. The results reflect adaption to hypoxia in the fetus, the long‐term consequences of which are uncertain.Supported by funding from NSF IOS‐0845741, NIH K12HD043488 & NIH 1R011HD071068.
Vending machines, sugar‐sweetened beverage (SSB) use, and weight status of college students
Authors: Koenings Mallory , Horacek Tanya , Kattelmann Kendra , Byrd‐Bredbenner Carol , Gurka Matthew , Phillips Beatrice , Olfert Melissa D. 
Published: June 2021

This study aimed to identify relationships between above average SSB intake of 1160 college students from 9 campuses, their weight, and prevalence of SSB sold in 67 vending machines on those campuses. SSB were categorized as fruit juice, coffee, and soda. Generalized linear mixed models with random campus effect showed: SSB prevalence was not related to intake. Males were 3 times more likely (CI 2.2–5.0, p<0.01) to drink soda, twice as likely (CI 1.4–2.6, p<0.01) to drink fruit juice, and drank twice as much SSB (CI 1.4–3.7, p<0.01) as females. Compared to non‐Hispanic Whites (NHW), Asians were less likely (OR=0.3, CI 0.1–0.9, p<0.05) to drink soda and non‐Hispanic Blacks (NHB) were 3 times more likely to drink fruit juice (CI 1.6–8.0, p<0.01) and drank 3 times more SSB (CI 1.5–4.5, p<0.01). Total SSB intake was not related to weight status, but compared to NHW, Asians weighed 6.1kg less (CI −0.3–−2.9, p<0.01) and NHB weighed 7.2kg more (CI 3.1–11.3, p<0.01) and had 2.4kg/m2 greater BMI (CI 1.2–3.7, p<0.01). Among college students, males drink more SSB than females; Asians drink less SSB and weigh less; and NHB drink more SSB, weigh more, and have greater BMI than NHW.Grant Funding Source: USDA Grant 2009–55215‐05460
Associations of maternal obesity and psychosocial factors with breastfeeding intention, initiation, and duration
Authors: Hauff Laura E. , Leonard Stephanie A. , Rasmussen Kathleen M. 
Published: June 2021

Little is known about how psychosocial factors (PSF) influence breastfeeding (BF) behavior of obese women. Our objectives were to determine a) whether maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) is associated with social knowledge of, social influence towards, maternal confidence in, and behavioral beliefs about BF; b) whether these PSF predict BF outcomes; and c) whether prepregnancy BMI is associated with these outcomes, independent of the PSF. Longitudinal data from the Infant Feeding Practices Study II (n=2890) were analyzed using logistic and proportional hazards regression models. Prepregnancy BMI was associated with confidence in (P<0.0001), social influence towards (P=0.04), and social knowledge of BF (P<0.0001), but not with behavioral beliefs in BF (P=0.48). Overweight and obese women did not differ from normal‐BMI women in intention to breastfeed (P=0.06), but they had lower odds of ever BF (P=0.03), and were at greater risk of ceasing exclusive (P=0.0008) and any BF (P=0.02) earlier. Only the association with exclusive BF remained significant (P=0.01) after controlling for PSF. All the PSF were positively associated with each BF outcome. We conclude that women with high prepregnancy BMI have psychosocial characteristics associated with poor BF outcomes, despite having strong intentions to breastfeed. Funded by NIH (5T32HD007331) and USDA (Hatch 399307).Grant Funding Source: NIH (5T32HD007331) and USDA (Hatch 399307)
Interactions of all‐trans retinoic acid and interleukin‐4 in the development of alternatively activated lung macrophages
Authors: Heibel Sandra Kirsch , Chen Celine , Perry Trinity , Urban Joseph F. , Dawson Harry D. 
Published: June 2021

Previously, we showed that all‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA), the most active vitamin A (VA) metabolite, increased in vitro polarization of pig alveolar macrophages (AM) toward an AAM phenotype after interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) treatment and increased the expression of IL‐4 in the lungs of pigs infected with the parasite, Ascaris suum. Others have shown that VA may reduce the susceptibility to additional parasitic infections in animals and humans. The mechanism(s) underlying these effects of VA remain undetermined. Herein, we demonstrate that AM, treated in vitro with IL‐4 or isolated from the lungs of A. suum infected pigs, had 2–8‐fold increases in mRNA expression of alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases involved in ATRA generation. At the epigenetic level, ATRA increased mRNA expression of cytochrome P450, family 26, subfamily A, polypeptide 1 (CYP26A1), an enzyme involved in ATRA catabolism, through a 7‐fold increase in methylated activator histone H3K4me3 binding to the CYP26A1 promoter. In contrast, IL‐4 pre‐treatment reduced ATRA‐induced CYP26A1 mRNA expression 4‐fold through a 4 fold increase, above control, in the binding of methylated repressor histone H3K27me3 to the promoter. In conclusion, VA, via metabolism to ATRA, and IL‐4, by favoring conditions that lead to increased ATRA, may synergistically sustain an AAM response to Th2‐dependent responses.Grant Funding Source: USDA/ARS Project Plan 1235–51000‐055–00D.