bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protective effects of ginkgolide on a cellular model of Alzheimer’s disease via suppression of the NF-κB signaling pathway
Authors: Niu Tiantong , Yin He , Xu Baolei , Yang Tingting , Li Huiqin , Sun Yi , Liu Guangzhi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
NF-κB signaling has been reported to play a key regulatory role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of ginkgolide on cell viability in an AD cellular model involving an APP/PS1 double gene-transfected HEK293 cell line (APP/PS1-HEK293) and further explored the mechanisms of action related to NF-κB signaling. The optimal time point and concentration of ginkgolide for cell proliferation were screened using a cell counting kit-8 assay. Based on the results, an in vitro study was performed by co-culture of APP/PS1-HEK293 with different dosages of ginkgolide, followed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to measure the levels of supernatant tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6, as well as western blotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction to detect intracellular protein and mRNA expression of NF-κB p65, IκBa, Bcl-2 and Bax. APP/PS1-HEK293 cells exhibited the highest cell viability at a concentration of 100 µg/ml after 48 h of treatment with ginkgolide. The supernatant levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in the high-dosage ginkgolide-treated groups were lower than those in the control group. Compared with the control group, there were decreased intracellular protein and mRNA expression of NF-κB p65 and Bax, but increased protein and mRNA expression of IκBa in both high-dosage and low-dosage group. Ginkgolide may enhance cell viability, indicative of its neuroprotective effects on AD, at least partially via suppression of the NF-κB signaling pathway involving anti-apoptosis and anti-inflammation mechanisms. Therefore, ginkgolide might be a promising therapeutic agent against AD.
Association of Daily Number of Steps with Walking Ability in Hospitalized Patients with Sub-acute Stroke
Authors: Kubo Hiroki , Kanai Masashi , Nozoe Masafumi , Inamoto Asami , Taguchi Akira , Mase Kyoshi , Shimada Shinichi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Increased physical activity is required in patients with stroke that are hospitalized in the rehabilitation unit. This study investigated the association between the daily number of steps and walking independence in order to determine the cutoff value of daily number of steps for walking independence in hospitalized patients with sub-acute stroke. This cross-sectional observational study included 85 stroke patients admitted to the rehabilitation unit. The average daily number of steps, 6-minute walk test, and Fugl-Meyer assessment of the lower extremities were measured at 30 days after stroke onset. The category of walking independence was classified using the Functional Ambulation Category (FAC). The subjects were divided into two groups according to the FAC score: a walking independence group (FAC ≥ 4) and a walking non-independence group (FAC ≤ 3). Logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate the association of daily number of steps with walking independence and a receiver operating characteristic curve was used to identify the cutoff value of daily number of steps for walking independence. The daily number of steps was independently associated with walking independence (odds ratio (OR); 1.001, 95% confidence interval (CI); 1.001–1.002, p = 0.009). The cutoff value of daily number of steps for independent walking was 4286 steps (area under the curve = 0.914, sensitivity of 0.731, and specificity of 0.949). The daily number of steps was associated with independent walking in hospitalized patients with sub-acute stroke. The daily number of steps may be a useful target in rehabilitation for patients with sub-acute stroke.
Biosynthesis of Lactones From Diols Mediated by an Artificial Flavin
Authors: Zhang Xiaowang , Tan Zhuotao , Li Chaojian , Qi Siyu , Xu Mengjiao , Li Ming , Zhuang Wei , Liu Dong , Zhu Chenjie , Ying Hanjie 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Lactones are important compounds in the field of medicine, material and chemical industry. One of the promising accesses to these flexible scaffolds is NAD(P)+-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases-catalyzed oxidative lactonization of diols, which relies on the construction of an efficient NAD(P)+ regeneration system. Results: In this study, a novel system combining horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase (HLADH) with the synthetic bridged flavin cofactor was established for biosynthesis of lactones. The reaction conditions of this system were optimized and a variety of lactones including chiral lactones were efficiently obtained from various diols. Compared to the previously reported NAD(P)+-regeneration systems, this system showed better regeneration efficiency and product yield. A two-phase system was further applied to solve the problem of product inhibition, and 80% yield was obtained at the condition of 300 mM substrate.Conclusions: This study provides an efficient method to synthesis of lactones from diols under mild conditions. We believe this system will be a promising alternative to promote the synthesis of other valuable compounds.
Influences of the Workpiece Pose Errors on Gear Skiving Accuracy
Authors: Lin Xiaochuan , hong rongjing , Wang Yawen , Peng Yun , Ren Xiaolei 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This paper investigates the influence of the workpiece pose errors on gear skiving accuracy. First, based on the theory of homogeneous coordinate transformation, the mapping relationship between the tooth flank of the workpiece and the skiving tool is established according to the principle of gear skiving. Second, the workpiece pose errors are defined, and the relationship between each workpiece pose error and cutting depth is analyzed. According to the kinematic chain of the machine tool, a method for measuring the workpiece pose errors based on actual inverse kinematics is proposed. Third, the tooth deviations from individual workpiece pose errors, and the coupling workpiece pose errors are studied. The sensitive errors are obtained from the tooth deviation by numerical simulation. Finally, the numerical analysis is verified by gear skiving experiments, and the proposed method can be used to identify the possible workpiece pose errors. Furthermore, the PSO algorithm is introduced to guide the workpiece setting pose errors in the gear skiving process.
Effects of Inflammatory Response Genes on the Immune Microenvironment in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Wang Yachen , Wang Ying , Shi Guanghuan , Liu Mingqing , Zhang Luping , Zhao Weidan , Zhang Yingli , Zhang Nan , Yang Xige 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: The close relationship between colorectal cancer and inflammation has been widely reported. However, the relationship between colorectal cancer and inflammation at the genetic level is not fully understood. From a genetic perspective, this study explored the relationship between inflammation-related genes and the immune microenvironment in colorectal cancer.Method: We identified prognostic genes, namely CX3CL1, CCL22, SERPINE1, LTB4R, XCL1, GAL, TIMP1, ADIPOQ, and CRH, by using univariate and multivariate regression analyses. A risk scoring model for inflammatory response was established, and patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were divided into two groups: high risk group and low risk group. Result: The analysis showed that the prognosis of the two groups was significantly different, and the low-risk group had a higher survival rate and longer survival time. Pathways related to apoptosis, inflammatory response, and hypoxia were significantly enriched as shown via Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). Activated dendritic cell infiltration was found in both the TCGA and GEO databases, and the CCL21 gene played a significant role in the process of activated dendritic cell infiltration. CCL21 gene was also positively correlated with inflammatory response, and the gene expression and risk score were significantly different between the two groups.Conclusion: In summary, inflammatory response has a direct impact on patients with colorectal cancer in the prognosis and immune infiltration and further research studies on the inflammatory response can help in advancing the development of immunotherapy for colorectal cancer.
Automated Analysis of Three-dimensional CBCT Images Taken in Natural Head Position That Combines Facial Profile Processing and Multiple Deep-learning Models
Authors: Ahn Janghoon , Nguyen Thong Phi , Kim Yoon-Ji , Kim Taeyong , Yoon Jonghun 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Analysing cephalometric X-rays, which is mostly performed by orthodontists or dentists, is an indispensable procedure for diagnosis and treatment planning with orthodontic patients. Artificial intelligence, especially deep-learning techniques for analysing image data, shows great potential for medical and dental image analysis and diagnosis. To explore the feasibility of automating measurement of 13 geometric parameters from three-dimensional cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images taken in a natural head position, we here describe a smart system that combines a facial profile analysis algorithm with deep-learning models. Using multiple views extracted from the CBCT data as the dataset, our proposed method partitions and detects regions of interest by extracting the facial profile and applying Mask-RCNN, a trained decentralized convolutional neural network (CNN) that positions the key parameters. All the techniques are integrated into a software application with a graphical user interface designed for user convenience. To demonstrate the system’s ability to replace human experts, we validated the performance of the proposed method by comparing it with measurements made by two orthodontists and one advanced general dentist using a commercial dental program. The time savings compared with the traditional approach was remarkable, reducing the processing time from about 30 minutes to about 30 seconds.
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Enhances Muscle Strength of Non-dominant Knee in Healthy Young Males
Authors: Lu PanPan , Hanson Nicholas J. , Wen Lin , Guo Feng 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been applied in training and competition, but its effects on physical performance remain largely unknown. The present study aimed to observe the effect of tDCS on muscular strength and activation of the knee in healthy subjects. Methods: Nineteen healthy young males were subjected to 20 min real stimulation (2 mA) and sham stimulation (0 mA) on different days. The maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) of knee extensors and flexors and surface electromyography (sEMG) of the rectus femoris (RF) and biceps femoris (BF) were recorded before, immediately after, and 30 min after stimulation. MVC, rate of force development (RFD), and sEMG activity were analyzed before and after each condition. Results: MVC of left leg extensor and flexor was significantly higher immediately after real stimulation and 30 min after stimulation than before, and MVC of left leg flexor was significantly higher 30 min after real stimulation than that after sham stimulation (P < 0.05). The RFD of left leg extensor and flexor immediately after real stimulation was significantly higher than before stimulation, and the RFD of left leg extensor immediately after real stimulation and 30 min after stimulation was significantly higher than that of sham stimulation (P < 0.05). EMG analysis showed the root mean square amplitude(RMS) and mean power frequency (MPF) of left BF and RF were significantly higher immediately after real stimulation and 30 min after stimulation than before stimulation, and the MPF of left BF EMG was significantly higher 30 min after real stimulation than that after sham stimulation (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Bilateral tDCS of the primary motor cortex can significantly improve the muscle strength and explosive force of the non-dominant knee extensor and flexor, which is manifested by the increase of the amount of motor units recruited during exercise. This effect can last until 30 min after stimulation, but there is no significant effect on the dominant knee.
Stability for a Class of State Constrained Impulsive Nonlinear Systems: Barrier Lyapunov Functions Method
Authors: Li Liangliang , Tu Zhengwen , Zhou Guanghui 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This paper studies the problem for a class of state constrained impulsive nonlinear systems. Firstly, we establish two sufficient conditions for the stability of invariant sets of state constrained hybrid systems. Secondly, we construct the symmetric and asymmetric barrier Lyapunov functions, respectively. A feedback method is presented to solve the stabilization problem of constrained hybrid systems. Introduce the auxiliary matrix, combining with inductive method and linear matrix inequality theory, some sufficient conditions are obtained to ensure stability for state constrained hybrid dynamical networks by the attractive ellipsoid method approach. Finally, one example with simulations is given to validate the effectiveness of the proposed criteria.
Joint Effect of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and Secondhand Smoke Exposure on Hypertension in Non-smoking Women of Childbearing Age: NHANES 2007-2014
Authors: Shen Qianqian , Xu Qian , Li Guoju , Ren Lisheng , Zhang Zhenhong , Zhang Yangting , Zhong Zhaoyi , Li Xiaona , Wang Qiuzhen 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
BackgroundVitamin D deficiency (VDD) may increase the risk for hypertension in women of childbearing age, and they may expose to secondhand smoke exposure (SHS) simultaneously. Till now, few studies have investigated the joint effects of VDD and SHS. We evaluated whether exposure to SHS modified the association between VDD and hypertension.MethodsData from 2007-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) were analyzed. Our research subjects were 2802 nonsmoking and nonpregnant women of childbearing age (20-44 years old). Hypertension was defined based either on systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 130 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥ 80 mmHg or on now taking prescribed medicine for hypertension. The interactive effect of VDD and SHS on hypertension was evaluated by using logistic regression models, followed by strata-specific analyses.ResultsThe prevalence of VDD in the hypertension group was significantly higher than that in the non-hypertension group (48.2% vs 40.7%, P = 0.005), as well as the exposure rate of SHS (35.7% vs 30.5%, P = 0.017). VDD was positively associated with hypertension [adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.47, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03-2.08]. There was no association between secondhand smoke exposure and hypertension (aOR: 1.10, 95%CI: 0.85-1.43). However, when exposed to SHS and VDD simultaneously, the aOR estimation of the risk of hypertension increased to 1.83 (1.17, 2.87) with a significant interactive effect between SHS and VDD (Padjusted = 0.009). When stratified according to BMI and race, the interactive effect was about twice the effect of VDD on hypertension alone in women who were overweight (for VDD: aOR = 2.37, 95%CI: 1.05-5.47; for interaction: aOR = 4.14, 95%CI: 1.48-11.58), and a similar pattern could also be observed in Non-Hispanic Black (for VDD: aOR = 2.74, 95%CI: 1.11-6.73; for interaction: aOR = 4.60, 95%CI: 1.53-13.80).Conclusion﻿There exist synergistic effects of SHS and VDD on the prevalence of hypertension in American women of childbearing age, with more significant effects in overweight women and Non-Hispanic Black women. Further studies are warranted to verify in other populations, and the molecular mechanisms underlying the joint effect of SHS and VDD need to be elucidated.
Genome-wide Identification and Transcriptional Profiling of New Cobra-like Genes in Bread Wheat (Triticum Aestivum)
Authors: Zaheer Muhammad , Rehman Shoaib Ur , Khan Sultan Habibullah , Shahid Shahmeer , Rasheed Awais , Naz Rabia , Sajjad Muhammad 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: The COBL gene encodes a plant-specific glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein. Recently identified COBRA genes supposed as a key regulator of the orientation of cell expansion in the root indicating that Cobra gene family members are likely to be important new players at the plasma membrane-cell wall interface. Methods and Results: By performing a database search and domain prediction, we identified five genes named as TaCOBL 1, TaCOBL 2, TaCOBL 3, TaCOBL 4 and TaCOBL 5, and selected for further analysis. Chromosomal locations of each gene were drawn on karyotype. Structure of genes, promoter analysis and phylogenetic analysis were done using bioinformatics tools and databases. Set of novel SNPs were also predicted. Gene ontologies were analyzed, and pathways involving cobra genes were predicted. Whole genes of 3kb to 4kb were successfully amplified. Five set of primers were designed targeting TaCOBL 1, TaCOBL 2, TaCOBL 3 TaCOBL 4 and TaCOBL 5 genes. Expression of COBL genes were checked in root and shoot by using qPCR. The qRT-PCR revealed that expression TaCOBL genes can be regulated under abiotic stress such drought stress. Conclusion: The comprehensive annotation and expression profiling of COBL genes performed in this study enhanced our understanding and these genes were found to play a significant role in drought stress. Our findings lay the groundwork for further functional investigation of COBL genes mechanism.
Combined Transcriptome and Metabolome Integrated Analysis of Acer mandshuricum to Reveal Candidate Genes Involved in Anthocyanin Accumulation
Authors: Zhang Shikai , Zhan Wang , Sun Anran , Xie Ying , Han Zhiming , Qu Xibin , Wang Jiayi , Zhang Laifu , Tian Mingshun , Pang Xuhong , Zhang Jinbao , Zhao Xiyang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The red color formation of Acer mandshuricum leaves is caused by the accumulation of anthocyanins primarily, but the molecular mechanism researches which underlie anthocyanin biosynthesis in A. mandshuricum were still lacking. Therefore, we combined the transcriptome and metabolome and analyzed the regulatory mechanism and accumulation pattern of anthocyanins in leaf color change periods in three different leaf color states. In our results, 26 anthocyanins were identified. Notably, the metabolite cyanidin 3-O-glucoside was found that significantly correlated with the color formation, was the predominant metabolite in anthocyanin biosynthesis of A. mandshuricum. By the way, two key structural genes ANS (Cluster-20561.86285) and BZ1 (Cluster-20561.99238) in anthocyanidin biosynthesis pathway were significantly up-regulated in RL, suggesting that they might enhance accumulation of cyanidin 3-O-glucoside which is their downstream metabolite, and contributed the red formation of A. mandshuricum leaves. Additionally, most TFs (e.g., MYBs, bZIPs and bHLHs) were detected differentially expressed in three leaf color stages that could participate in anthocyanin accumulation. This study sheds light on the anthocyanin molecular regulation of anthocyanidin bio-synthesis and accumulation underlying the different leaf color change periods in A. mandshuricum, and it could provide basic theory and new insight for the leaf color related genetic improvement of A. mandshuricum.
Supervised Machine Learning for Risk Stratification of Influenza-Like Illness: A Model to Prioritize Emerging Infectious Disease Disaster Responses
Authors: Chiu Han-Yi Robert , Hwang Chun-Kai , Chen Shey-Ying , Shih Fuh-Yuan , Han Hsieh-Cheng , King Chwan-Chuen , Gilbert John Reuben , Fang Cheng-Chung , Oyang Yen-Jen 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs), including the latest COVID-19 pandemic, have emerged and raised global public health crises in recent decades. Without existing protective immunity, an EID may spread rapidly and cause mass casualties in a very short time. Therefore, it is imperative to identify cases with risk of disease progression for the best allocation of medical resources in case medical facilities are overwhelmed with a flood of patients. This study aimed to exploit machine learning technologies to cope with this challenge. The study was based on 83,227 hospital admissions with influenza-like illness and we analysed the risk effects of 19 comorbidities along with age and gender for severe illness or mortality risk. The experimental results revealed that the conventional decision tree (DT) models built with only 6 features, including age, gender, and four comorbidities, delivered the same level of prediction accuracy as the state-of-the-art deep neural network models built with 18 features. Accordingly, we further studied how to exploit the DT models with different sensitivity levels to determine patient triage and optimize medical resource allocation in different stages of an EID disaster to aid the frontline clinicians and policy-makers. In conclusion, our study demonstrated an approach to exploit machine learning technologies to cope with the challenges during the outbreak of an EID.
Allobacillus salarius sp. nov., and Allobacillus saliphilus sp. nov., Isolated from Shrimp Paste (ka-pi) in Thailand
Authors: Yiamsombut Supalurk , Kanchanasin Pawina , Phongsopitanun Wongsakorn , Kuncharoen Nattakorn , Savarajara Ancharida , Shi Wenyu , Wu Linhuan , Ma Juncai , Tanasupawat Somboon 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The moderately halophilic, Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming rods, designated SKP4-8T and SKP8-2T isolated from a traditional fermented shrimp paste (Ka-pi), were taxonomic studied based on polyphasic approach. Strain SKP4-8T grew at pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum 7.0), at 25-45°C (optimum 37°C) and in 1-16 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 5-10). Strain SKP8-2T grew at pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum 8.0), at 25-45°C (optimum 37°C) and in 0-20 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 3-10 %). The strains contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in cell-wall peptidoglycan and the major menaquinone was MK-7. Strain SKP4-8T contained iso-C15:0, antesio-C15:0 and iso-C17:0; and strain SKP8-2T contained antesio-C15:0, iso-C15:0, iso-C16:0 and antesio-C17:0 as major cellular fatty acids.Phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, unknown phospholipids and an unknown glycolipid were detected as major polar lipids. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strains SKP4-8T and SKP8-2T belonged to the genus Allobacillus and was closely related to Allobacillus halotolerans LMG 24826T with 98.8 % and 99.3 % similarity, respectively. The comparative genome analysis based on average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization revealed that both strains showed the values below 95 and 70 %, from each other and the Allobacillus halotolerans LMG 24826T, respectively. Based on data from this polyphasic study, strains SKP4-8T and SKP8-2T represent the novel species of the genus Allobacillus and the name Allobacillus salarius sp. nov. was proposed for SKP4-8T (=KCTC 33905T =LMG 30016T =TISTR 2499T); and Allobacillus saliphilus sp. nov. for SKP8-2T (=KCTC 33906T =LMG 29682T =TISTR 2558T).