bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stability of Direct Oral Anticoagulants and Antiarrhythmic Drugs in Serum Collected in Standard (Nongel) Serum Tubes Versus Tubes Containing Gel Separators
Authors: Hegstad Solfrid , Fuskevåg Ole-Martin , Amundsen Siri , Gule Marina , Spigset Olav , Helland Arne 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Separation gels are often used in collection tubes, but adsorption of drugs onto the gel may cause falsely low concentrations in therapeutic drug monitoring. In this study, the stability of apixaban, edoxaban, rivaroxaban, flecainide, amiodarone, and desethylamiodarone was assessed in tubes, with and without gel separators.

Methods:
Drug-free blood was spiked and stored for up to 7 days in nongel tubes and gel tubes from 2 manufacturers (Vacuette and Vacutainer). The samples were analyzed in triplicates using ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry.

Results:
At ambient temperature conditions, the serum concentrations of apixaban, edoxaban, and rivaroxaban in a tube with acrylic-based gel had already decreased at baseline, whereas it took 6 hours to observe the same result in a tube with olefin-based gel. At 4°C, the reduction in serum concentration was considerably slower. For flecainide, the gel tube concentrations were stable at ambient temperature for 3 days, but decreased after 7 days in acrylic-based gel tubes. Amiodarone and desethylamiodarone stored in gel tubes at 4°C showed decrease in concentrations after 24 hours and 6 hours, respectively.

Conclusions:
Acrylic-based gel tubes should not be used for any of the tested drugs. Although olefin-based gel tubes may be used for anticoagulants and flecainide, it is advisable to prefer nongel tubes as a general precaution.
Description and management of retinopathy of prematurity reactivation after intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor therapy
Authors: Valikodath Nita G. , Chiang Michael F. , Chan R.V. Paul 
Published: July 2021

Purpose of review
To review the literature regarding reactivation of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) after treatment with antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents.

Recent findings
Reactivation can occur after anti-VEGF or laser. Risk factors for reactivation include patient and disease-related factors. Various studies are evaluating the use of different anti-VEGF agents and reactivation rates. However, the definition of reactivation varies between studies.

Summary
The literature has varied definitions of reactivation, which is often used interchangeably with recurrence. It is important to recognize features of reactivation of ROP to appropriately manage patients and conduct clinical trials. The International Classification of ROP 3rd edition has established a consensus guideline regarding terminology describing reactivation.
Efficacy and safety of chuna manual treatment as an adjunctive therapy after total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Kim Hyun-Ju , Ko Youme , Park Tae-Yong , Lee Jin-Hyun , Do Kwang-Sun , Chae Dong-Sik , Han Seong-Nim , Park Jung Sik , Song Yun-Kyung 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background:
The frequency of patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) continues to increase with population aging and prolonged life expectancy. Although the outcomes of TKA are usually good, not all patients gain complete relief from discomfort after surgery. The elderly, having long-term knee arthritis, form the majority of patients undergoing surgery; hence, muscle atrophy and loss of muscle strength around the knee are reported in several cases. We plan to examine the effectiveness and safety of the Chuna Manual Treatment in patients undergoing TKA.

Methods:
This study will be conducted as an assessor-blind, randomized, single-center, parallel clinical trial. Fifty patients with knee pain who underwent TKA within the last 3 months will be recruited and randomly assigned (in a 1:1 ratio) to receive either the standard treatment (group A) or a combination of both the standard and Chuna Manual Treatment (group B) twice weekly for 4 weeks. The primary endpoint will be a change in the K-WOMAC score. The secondary evaluation variables will be K-WOMAC, numeric pain rating scale, range of movement, fall risk, and economic parameters.

Discussion:
The results of this study will provide valuable information on the clinical efficacy and safety of adjunctive Chuna Manual Treatment following TKA.

Trial registration:
This trial has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier, NCT03625050; date of registration, August 10, 2018).
Multiple myeloma-associated light chain amyloidosis involving heart, kidneys, and peripheral nerves
Authors: Lee In Hee , Kim Chang-Yeon , Kang Sungmin , Ahn Dong Jik , Kim Min-Kyung 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Introduction:
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy characterized by the clonal proliferation of monoclonal protein-producing plasma cells and can cause immunoglobulin light chain (AL) amyloidosis. Although MM-associated AL amyloidosis is rare, it can significantly increase patient mortality, as its various non-specific symptoms can delay diagnosis and treatment.

Patient concerns:
A 77-year-old female patient visited a renal clinic with complaints of generalized edema and dyspnea (New York Heart Association class III) persisting for three weeks. The patient had hypoalbuminemia, mild anemia, and nephrotic-range proteinuria. Echocardiography revealed concentric hypertrophy of the left ventricle and sparkling textures in the myocardium. Serum protein immunofixation revealed monoclonal gammopathy of immunoglobulin G/lambda light chain. A bone marrow biopsy showed 30% plasmacytosis scattered with cluster of differentiation 138-positive plasma cells. A kidney biopsy demonstrated a mesangial matrix positive for Congo red staining and deposition of amyloid fibrils on electron microscopy. Sensorimotor polyneuropathy was noted on the nerve conduction studies of both lower extremities.

Diagnosis:
The patient was diagnosed with heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, and peripheral neuropathy caused by MM-associated AL amyloidosis.

Interventions:
She was given supportive treatment upon admission, including administration of diuretics, albumin, and vasopressors, followed by combination chemotherapy (melphalan and dexamethasone).

Outcomes:
The patient's condition deteriorated due to heart failure and azotemia. She died from multiple organ failure on the 28th day of hospitalization.

Conclusion:
MM-associated AL amyloidosis can rapidly progress to fatal multiple organ failure. Therefore, if AL amyloidosis is suspected in patients with MM, prompt assessment of organ dysfunction and early initiation of intensive care including proper chemotherapy are required.
Dual osteochondromas arising from the coracoid process and the glenoid of scapula
Authors: Ham Dong Hun , Wang Sung Il 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Introduction:
Scapular osteochondromas represent 3% to 4% of all osteochondromas. Although many cases of osteochondromas affecting the body of the scapula have been reported in the first three decades of life, case reports of osteochondroma affecting the coracoid process or the glenoid of the scapula are limited.

Patient concerns:
We report a case of a 56-year-old male with progressive pain and swelling of the left shoulder for six months.

Diagnoses:
The diagnosis was dual osteochondromas arising from the coracoid process and the glenoid of the left scapula.

Interventions:
Complete excision was performed.

Outcomes:
The patient was discharged without any complications after 10 days of postoperative wound care. His symptoms relieved at three months after surgery. At the last follow-up (two years postoperatively), the patient remained in good condition. He had full range of motion of the shoulder without any signs of recurrence.

Conclusion:
Dual osteochondromas arising from the glenoid and the coracoid process can cause severe dysfunction with coracoid impingement syndrome of the ipsilateral shoulder. In older individuals, it is necessary to differentiate osteochondroma from a malignant tumor.
Effect of low carbohydrate diets on insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome
Authors: Foley Peter J. 
Published: July 2021

Purpose of review
This review outlines recent research in the application of low carbohydrate diets (LCD) for insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic syndrome (MetS).

Recent findings
Studies included in this review explore how a LCD can be used in the management of patients with IR and MetS. LCDs have been shown to result in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) remission, improve lipid profiles and dramatically reduce intrahepatic fat.

Summary
The field of nutritional science is notoriously complex. The LCD has a simple narrative, which can easily and safely be applied in clinical practice. Current guidelines recognise and encourage the use of LCD as a valid option for patients with T2DM and obesity. Structured, evidence-based education should be available for all clinicians to increase confidence and ensure consistency and quality control. Further real-world evidence into the application and scalability of a LCD are required. The use of digital health solutions and improved health technology should see significant advances in this field, with dietary habit being driven by patient-derived health data in response to food, and not population-based food guidelines. The narrative around MetS and IR needs to change from progression to remission, with a LCD being a valid option for this.
Proton‐Pump Inhibitors
Authors: Tavares Marta , Amil‐Dias Jorge 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTThe risk of bone fracture in children under proton‐pump inhibitors (PPI) treatment has been the subject of recent publications and naturally raises concerns among prescribing doctors, patients and their parents.Currently, there is no consistency in those risk claims according to the available evidence and an update on it is beneficial to reduce anxiety on one hand, and prompt for well‐planned studies addressing the issue on the other. Furthermore, common sense and well‐founded prescriptions must be the general rule for this as for any other therapeutic drug.
Presentation and Outcomes of Infants With Idiopathic Cholestasis: A Multicenter Prospective Study
Authors: Hertel Paula M. , Hawthorne Kieran , Kim Sehee , Finegold Milton J. , Shneider Benjamin L. , Squires James E. , Gupta Nitika A. , Bull Laura N. , Murray Karen F. , Kerkar Nanda , Ng Vicky L. , Molleston Jean P. , Bezerra Jorge A. , Loomes Kathleen M. , Taylor Sarah A. , Schwarz Kathleen B. , Turmelle Yumirle P. , Rosenthal Philip , Magee John C. , Sokol Ronald J. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
The aim of the study was to determine the frequency and natural history of infantile idiopathic cholestasis (IC) in a large, prospective, multicenter cohort of infants.

Methods:
We studied 94 cholestatic infants enrolled up to 6 months of age in the NIDDK ChiLDReN (Childhood Liver Disease Research Network) “PROBE” protocol with a final diagnosis of IC; they were followed up to 30 months of age.

Results:
Male sex (66/94; 70%), preterm birth (22/90 with data; 24% born at < 37 weeks’ gestational age), and low birth weight (25/89; 28% born at <2500 g) were frequent, with no significant differences between outcomes. Clinical outcomes included death (n = 1), liver transplant (n = 1), biochemical resolution (total bilirubin [TB] ≤1 mg/dL and ALT < 35 U/L; n = 51), partial resolution (TB > 1 mg/dL and/or ALT > 35 U/L; n = 7), and exited healthy (resolved disease per study site report but without documented biochemical resolution; n = 34). Biochemical resolution occurred at median of 9 months of age. GGT was <100 U/L at baseline in 34 of 83 participants (41%).

Conclusions:
Frequency of IC and of death or liver transplant was less common in this cohort than in previously published cohorts, likely because of recent discovery and diagnosis of genetic etiologies of severe/persistent cholestasis that previously were labeled as idiopathic. Preterm birth and other factors associated with increased vulnerability in neonates are relatively frequent and may contribute to IC. Overall outcome in IC is excellent. Low/normal GGT was common, possibly indicating a role for variants in genes associated with low-GGT cholestasis—this warrants further study.
Safety, Feasibility, Yield, Diagnostic and Prognostic Implications of Transjugular Liver Biopsy in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Lal Bikrant Bihari , Sood Vikrant , Rastogi Archana , Mukund Amar , Khanna Rajeev , Sharma Manoj Kumar , Alam Seema 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTObjectives:The objectives of the study were to evaluate the indications, feasibility, complications and clinical implications of transjugular liver biopsy (TJLB) in children.Methods:Data of all TJLB performed in children <18 years old was retrieved from the computerized hospital information system. TJLB was done using a 19 G quick‐core needle biopsy system with 20 mm throw length. Hepatic venous pressure gradient was additionally measured in children with portal hypertension. A single pathologist reviewed all the biopsies again and provided structured information.Results:A total of 102 children, including 5 with acute liver failure underwent TJLB with technical success in 101 (99%). A mean of 2.3 ± 0.9 passes (range: 1–5) was taken for the biopsy. The most common indications for TJLB in our cohort were elevated international normalized ratio >1.5 (66, 64.7%), ascites (46, 45.1%) and thrombocytopenia (platelet count < 60,000/mm3) (42, 41.2%). Mean size of the tissue received was 14.5 ± 5.6 mm with an average of 10.2 ± 4.7 portal tracts. Only one child developed major (category D) complication (hemobilia) and 12 (11.8%) developed minor complications post‐procedure. Etiological diagnosis could be made in a total of 64 (63.9%) children undergoing TJLB, the most common diagnosis being autoimmune hepatitis (n = 31), non‐cirrhotic portal fibrosis (n = 16) and drug‐induced liver injury (n = 4).Conclusion:TJLB is well tolerated, feasible and helps make a diagnosis in close to 64% children allowing timely medical and/or surgical intervention. It is especially useful for diagnosis of autoimmune liver diseases, drug‐induced liver injury and non‐cirrhotic portal fibrosis.
Factors Affecting Quality of Life in Patients Receiving Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Mohanraj Lathika , Sargent Lana , Elswick R. K. , Toor Amir , Swift-Scanlan Theresa 
Published: July 2021

Background
Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) is a potentially curative treatment for hematologic malignancies, with 22 000 HSCTs performed annually in the United States. However, decreased quality of life (QoL) is a frequent and concerning state reported by HSCT recipients.

Objectives
We sought to determine if measurements of frailty and cognitive impairment were associated with fatigue and QoL in adult HSCT recipients after autologous HSCT.

Methods
Using a longitudinal study design, 32 participants 18 years or older receiving autologous HSCT were recruited from a bone marrow transplant clinic. Each participant completed 2 visits: pre-HSCT and post-HSCT. At each visit, participants completed assessment tools to measure frailty, cognitive impairment, fatigue, and QoL (assesses physical, social/family, emotional, functional, and transplant-related well-being).

Results
Participants with increased fatigue scores reported decreased QoL pre- and post-HSCT. Participants with increased frailty showed decreased functional well-being before HSCT and showed correlations with decreased physical, social, and transplant-related well-being post-HSCT. As expected, fatigued participants also showed increased frailty post-HSCT. Participants showed significant changes in physical well-being and fatigue between pre-HSCT and post-HSCT visits.

Conclusion
Data analyses from this pilot study show significant correlations between subsets of QoL with fatigue and frailty in autologous HSCT participants pre- and post-HSCT.

Implications for Practice
Understanding the impact of frailty on fatigue and QoL in HSCT recipients is critical to assist nurses in initiating educational and behavioral interventions to help mitigate the effects of HSCT.
Hypertension and Its Associated Mental Health Challenges Among Female African Refugees in Durban, South Africa
Authors: Munezero Tresor , Tomita Andrew 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Hypertension is a serious medical condition that leads to various adverse health complications when left untreated. In addition to psychological challenge that female migrant refugees are exposed to premigration, they encounter barriers to care postmigration from xenophobia that affects their hypertension. We investigated the extent and mental health drivers of hypertension in refugees in Durban, South Africa. We interviewed 178 adult female African help-seeking refugees/migrants for hypertension (blood pressure ≥130/90 mm Hg) and mental health challenges (e.g., adverse childhood experience [ACE] and depression using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies–Depression scale). Eighty-six percent (n = 153) of participants were hypertensive, and based on the adjusted regression models, exposure to at least one ACE (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.83; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11–7.26) and depression (aOR, 3.54; 95% CI, 1.10–11.37) were associated with hypertension, independent of smoking, alcohol, obesity, and physical exercise status. Hypertension and its associated mental health challenges are overlooked conditions in this population, with further efforts for screening being needed.
Scientific Global Nursing Hackathon Experience
Authors: Mevawala Amynah S. , Strunk Faith A. , Haghiri-Vijeh Roya , Corless Inge B. , Ramaswamy Padmavathy , Kamp Kendra J. , Scott Sheryl , Gray Sarah 
Published: July 2021

Background
Hackathons are organized to bring together both experienced and novice individuals from a variety of backgrounds to brainstorm creative solutions to complex issues. Hackathons may last from a few hours to a few days and may provide rewards for winning entries.

Purpose
In this article, we describe an experience with a scientific hackathon at an international nursing research congress in Calgary, Canada. We discuss the purpose, process, benefits, and challenges of this hackathon.

Approach
For this article, we have used a descriptive approach.

Outcomes
The scientific hackathon experience united international nursing scholars into a community with a common focus enabling the continuation of mutual, future endeavors.

Conclusion
Hackathons are a means of connecting novices and experts from different backgrounds to develop technology-based solutions for health care issues. The ideas generated at hackathons may be further developed to bring the project to fruition to positively impact health care.
Exploring and Comparing the Structure of Sexual Networks Affected by Neisseria gonorrhoeae Using Sexual Partner Services Investigation and Genomic Data
Authors: Town Katy , Learner Emily R. , Chivukula Vasanta L. , Mauk Kerry , Reimche Jennifer L. , Schmerer Matthew W. , Black Jamie , Pathela Preeti , Bhattacharyya Sanjib , Kerani Roxanne P. , Gieseker Karen E. , Fukuda Acasia , Sankaran Madeline , McNeil Candice J. , Spicknall Ian H. , Raphael Brian H. , St Cyr Sancta B. , Bernstein Kyle , Kersh Ellen N. , Kirkcaldy Robert D. , Schlanger Karen , Gernert Kim M. ,   for the SURRG Working Group
Published: July 2021

Background
Sexual networks are difficult to construct because of incomplete sexual partner data. The proximity of people within a network may be inferred from genetically similar infections. We explored genomic data combined with partner services investigation (PSI) data to extend our understanding of sexual networks affected by Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG).

Methods
We used 2017–2019 PSI and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data from 8 jurisdictions participating in Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Strengthening the US Response to Resistant Gonorrhea (SURRG) project. Clusters were identified from sexual contacts and through genetically similar NG isolates. Sexual mixing patterns were characterized by describing the clusters by the individual’s gender and gender of their sex partners.

Results
Our study included 4627 diagnoses of NG infection (81% sequenced), 2455 people received a PSI, 393 people were negative contacts of cases, and 495 were contacts with an unknown NG status. We identified 823 distinct clusters using PSI data combined with WGS data. Of cases that were not linked to any other case using PSI data, 37% were linked when using WGS data. Overall, 40% of PSI cases were allocated to a larger cluster when PSI and WGS data were combined compared with PSI data alone. Mixed clusters containing women, men who report sex with women, and men who report sex with men were common when using the WGS data either alone or in combination with the PSI data.

Conclusions
Combining PSI and WGS data improves our understanding of sexual network connectivity.
Comparison of Visual Search Behavior and Decision-making Accuracy in Expert and Novice Fencing Referees
Authors: Babadi Aghakhanpour Niloufar , Abdoli Behrouz , Farsi Alireza , Moeinirad Samira 
Published: July 2021

SIGNIFICANCE
Perceptual-cognitive skills are the capacity of athletes to identify task-relevant information in the environment and integrate information with the knowledge available for decision making or controlling motor responses. Gaze behavior is one performance-related perceptual skill and a key factor affecting expertise affecting referee performance.

PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to compare visual search behavior and decision-making accuracy of expert and novice fencing referees.

METHOD
Twenty-eight referees were divided into expert (n = 14) and novice (n = 14) groups. Participants were fitted with mobile eye trackers and participated in tests that consisted of five blocks of 10 video clips. Videos are provided annually by the World Fencing Federation for referee testing.

RESULTS
The results showed a significant difference between the two groups in terms of the accuracy of decision making, number, duration, and location of fixations. Expert referees had higher decision-making accuracy compared with novice referees. Expert referees had fewer fixations than did novice referees. Fixations of expert referees were longer than those of novice referees, and the locations of fixations of expert and novice referees were different.

CONCLUSIONS
According to the results of this study, it can be concluded that the difference in visual search behavior of expert and novice referees was one of the factors contributing to better decision making of expert referees.
A Rare Case of Fatal Self-Poisoning With Sodium Nitrite
Authors: Barranco Rosario , Frigiolini Francesca Maria Elena , Orcioni Giulio Fraternali , Malandrino Mery , Salomone Alberto , Ventura Francesco 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Fatal sodium nitrite poisonings are unusual in the forensic setting. Suicide by poisoning includes drug overdose, the inhalation of toxic gasses, and poisoning from pesticides and chemical substances. Sodium nitrite is an inorganic compound usually seen as a crystalline powder that is very water soluble. Sodium nitrite is used mostly in the food industry (as a preservative) and in medical field (as an antidote to cyanide poisoning), and if ingested in large enough amounts, it can be fatal.
The ingestion of sodium nitrite can cause severe methemoglobinemia, which is a metabolic disorder characterized by an inability of hemoglobin (which gets oxidized into methemoglobin) to bind (and therefore carry) oxygen. Severe cases of this condition, if not treated, can be fatal.
We describe a case of fatal self-poisoning with sodium nitrite; in particular, the article focuses on the autoptic and toxicological investigations that enabled the correct diagnosis to be established.