bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relocation of Dredged Material from Marano and Grado Lagoon: An Example of Sustainable Management
Authors: Petti Marco , Pascolo Sara , Bosa Silvia 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The high degree of dynamism of coastal and lagoon morphodynamic processes often implies the need for dredging operations to maintain the navigability of the main waterways towards harbours or sites which have important tourist or economical value. In particular, within sheltered and shallow lagoons this phenomenon is continuous and involves large volumes of material that requires to be properly managed. The dredged materials can provide sediments for environmental enhancement and they can be used, as an example, to create or improve habitats, mudflats and salt marshes. Numerical model can be a valuable tool to investigate the morphological evolution of the disposals, especially in the medium term, with the aim of verifying the sediment stability and the bed level changes. The present paper shows an example of sustainable management of cohesive materials dredged from two channels of the Marano and Grado lagoon. The non-linear interactions between tidal currents and locally generated wind waves are reproduced by means of a coupled spectral-hydrodynamic model associated with a transport equation to compute sediment load concentration. The comparison of the results confirms the validity of the adopted procedure.
Theoretical prediction of punching shear capacity of flat slabs without shear reinforcement strengthened by concrete topping
Authors: Čereš Daniel , Gajdošová Katarína 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The main reasons for strengthening flat slabs are the change of the use of a building, increase in the value of loads, degradation of the concrete cover layer, or insufficient reinforcement. This paper is focused on the assessment of punching shear capacity of the strengthened flat slabs without shear reinforcement. One of the possibilities how to enhance punching shear capacity is the addition of reinforced concrete topping. The main goal of this paper is to compare the possibilities for calculation of the increase in the punching shear capacity by investigation of the influence of different thicknesses of concrete toppings and different reinforcement ratio. A reference specimen is represented by a fragment of a flat slab with the thickness of h = 200 mm supported by circular column with the diameter of 250 mm. Three different thicknesses (50 mm, 100 mm, 150 mm) of concrete toppings were considered together with three different reinforcement ratios for each thickness of concrete overlay. Theoretical predictions of the punching shear resistance of flat slabs were evaluated by design guidelines according to the relevant standards: Eurocode 2 (EN 1992-1-1), Model Code 2010 and draft of the second generation of Eurocode 2 (prEN 1992-1-1). The differences in the influence of reinforcement ratio are significant. In Model Code 2010 the reinforcement ratio in concrete topping was considered in equation of moment of resistance. This is unlike in both of the mentioned Eurocodes, where the reinforcement ratio was assumed as a geometric average value of the original reinforcement ratio in the slab before strengthening and of the reinforcement ratio of concrete topping. All the predicted theoretical calculations are based on the perfect connection and bond between the original and new layer of concrete. These predictions should be verified by experimental investigation, which is going to be prepared shortly. By the additional increase in the thickness of concrete topping or in the amount of added reinforcement the attention should be payed to the limitation of the punching shear resistance by the value of the maximum punching shear resistance in the compression concrete strut.
Artificial Neural Network Prediction of Airport Pavement Moduli Using Interpolated Surface Deflection Data
Authors: Baldo Nicola , Miani Matteo , Rondinella Fabio , Celauro Clara 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Establishing the structural integrity of an airport pavement is crucial to assess its remaining life and implement strategies or priorities for action. In this context, the elastic modulus represents an effective indicator of the condition of the pavement which can be calculated through back-calculation procedures starting from surface deflections, obtained from a non-destructive test (such as the Heavy Weight Deflectometer). Nevertheless, the conventional inverse engineering analysis involves the use of an axial-symmetric pavement finite-element program able to evaluate stiffness values exclusively at the deflection measuring points. This study presents an alternative methodology for spatial modelling of the load- bearing capacity of the runway surface pavement layer from deflection data measured at specific points, using Shallow Artificial Neural Networks. The search of the optimal neural model hyperparameters has been addressed through a Bayesian Optimization procedure and a 5-fold cross-validation has been implemented for a fair performance evaluation, given the limited number of deflection measures available. Once the optimal model has been defined, the measured surface deflection data were linearly interpolated and resampled gridding data were used as a new input matrix of the neural model to predict the expected value of elastic moduli at non-sampled points on the runway. The optimal BO model has returned very satisfactory results with a value of Pearson Coefficient R averaged over 5-fold equal to 0.96597 and of Mean Squared Error averaged over 5-fold equal to 0.01849. In such a way, a contour map of the runway stiffness has been drawn, to provide a support tool for the planning of intervention priorities.
Comparison of the New Type Modular Panel for Green Roofs and Classical Construction of Green Roofs by Stormwater Management
Authors: Hejl Martin , Mohapl M. , Bříza Lukas 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Proper stormwater management is one of the main problems cities today face. In order to understand how to properly manage urban stormwater it is first necessary to construct roofs with new construction methods. The first step for controlling urban stormwater is the construction of green roofs. We already know that the construction of green roofs improves water management in cities. But can we make it better? What will happen if we use the same layers for the green roofs but with a different construction method? This article wants to answer these questions. In this article the two green roofs, differing in the construction method, are compared and contrasted in terms of stormwater management. One of the green roofs was built traditionally, while the other has been built using a new type of modular panel. The article then compares their results during laboratory tests. In the conclusion you can read about measured data from tests and possible solutions and development of solutions to improve green roofs in the future.
Research on the Present Situation and Development Trend of Subway Tunnel Inspection Vehicle
Authors: Wang Kaitian , Li Panshan , Liu Yang , Li Hu , Men Yanqing , Huang Yongliang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
For the operational subway tunnel, the manual inspection accounts for the majority in terms of detecting the diseases and damage of tunnel. The accuracy of manual inspection mainly depends on the professional level of the detection personnel, and the whole detection process always is inefficient, which cannot meet the needs of actual tunnels. To address this issue, the intelligent mobile tunnel detection vehicle emerges as the times require. By using advanced technologies such as laser scanning and high-speed camera array, the subway tunnel detection vehicle has achieved the advantages of simple operation, comprehensive function and automatic detection. However, the current subway tunnel detection vehicle mainly realizes the scanning detection of tunnel surface diseases, and the detection of tunnel structural diseases is less involved. Based on the track and tunnel detection requirements, this study analyzes the current situation and existing problems of subway tunnel detection comprehensively, puts forward the development direction of tunnel structure detection, and the application prospect of intelligent detection vehicle in subway tunnel is prospected.
Mechanical Behaviour of a Residual Soil from Ignimbrite Rock of São Miguel Island - Azores
Authors: Pais Luís Andrade , Maia Carvalho P. E. , Gomes Ferreira , Cavaleiro Victor , Malheiro Ana 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Azores consists of nine islands and several islets, located in the North Atlantic to 1600 km from Continental Portugal and is distributed between latitudes 36° 55' to 39° 43' N and longitude 24° 46' to 31° 16' W. Azores archipelago is in a convergence zone of a series of dynamic tectonic structures, that are responsible for seismicity and volcanism, geological and petrological of these islands. The island of São Miguel, an eastern group, in addition to other petrology’s in its geology, has ignimbrite, which is a pyroclastic rock with a dacitic or rhyolitic composition, resulting from the deposition of materials in semi-melting at high temperatures from a pyroclastic flow. At the site of Água D’Alto, the residual soil sample resulting from the ignimbrite alteration was taken and was evaluated with the interest of studying its application or use as construction material. The soil was subjected to physical and chemical classification test, compressibility, and stress-strain behaviour. This material shows good mechanical characteristics, although its chemism is potentially corrosive.
Mobility in Transportation Surveys
Authors: Olenkowicz-Trempała Paulina , Sobota Aleksander , Chmielewski Jacek , Kempa Jan , Santos Bertha , Gonçalves Jorge 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
An attempt to identify key factors impacting trip generation in different size cities is presented in this paper. Mobility is the fundamental factor in transport demand models, both for the present state and those for forecast scenarios. Moreover, research on inhabitants' mobility plays an important role in the process of urban and rural traffic modelling. It comes from the fact, regular transport surveys make it easier to determine factors impacting the number of trips taken by inhabitants in any selected study area, and to determine trends in these factors. Presentation of example results of mobility rate based on transportation surveys taken in various areas of Poland is the main goal of this paper. Results of analyses of selected macro-economic factors in transportation systems shaping are presented either. The trends in the number of inhabitants and their age composition, and motorization rates are those factors. They impact mobility ratios in the study area. Values of mobility ratio were developed based on the results of surveys which have been done in Poland till now, and on the authors' research. Mathematical regression models in estimating mobility ratio versus the selected independent factors are the results of this research either.
The best housing estate in Czechoslovakia
Authors: Guzdek Adam 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The Brno housing estate Lesna is undoubtedly an important achievement of Czechoslovak urbanism and architecture of the 1960s. It was built on the southern slopes north of Brno in 1962–1970 according to a project by a team of architects Frantisek Zounek, Viktor Rudis, Miroslav Dufek and Ladislav Volak. Although it was a standard housing construction made of prefabricated components, the architects did not want to hide its technical expression. They also fully copied it into the very urban arrangement of long blocks, which contributed to the fulfillment of the vision of the garden city. Close cooperation between the supplier, investor and designer was ensured already in the phase of elaboration of the project task. The architecture of residential buildings is based on the diligent efforts of the whole team to promote the use of a lightweight facade of a prefabricated house using parapet panels and strip glazing in the B 60 construction system. The unusually high-quality solution of the public space in the Lesna housing estate was mainly due to the time of its creation. Political liberalization in the 1960s allowed architects to come up with a generous plan for a free stop and thus perfectly fulfill the vision of a garden city. The population density of the Lesna housing estate, less than two hundred inhabitants per hectare, was multiplied by up to four hundred inhabitants per hectare in other housing estates of the "president Gustav Husak" era due to tightening economic indicators. Public greenery respecting the natural elements of the rugged relief required a different professional approach due to the extent of the exterior design. It was common practice that landscaping were carried out on residential complexes with a delay of several months and years after the first inhabitants moved in. The architects managed to reverse this common practice, so the first inhabitants moved to finished houses with access sidewalks, planted greenery and functioning residential amenities. This could not have been imagined by its inhabitants in the later realizations of housing estates. That is why the Brno housing estate Lesna is rightly called the best.
Application of Fluidized Bed Furnance Bottom Ash in Civil Engineering – A Review
Authors: Kaczmarczyk Grzegorz 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
For several years there has been widespread and open discussion about climate problems and human responsibility for the generated waste. The number of regulations has led to a search for applications for by-products of combustion. Moreover, the forecasted economic crisis additionally motivates to use every possible material to reduce the cost of manufacturing activities. Efficient waste management is a key element for Polish companies in their efforts to reduce their negative impact on the environment. Fluid combustion of fuels in the Polish power and heat industry still belongs to relatively new technologies. Despite the application of the most technologically advanced processing methods, bottom ashes from fluidized bed boilers are still reluctantly used. The author sees possibilities of using bottom ashes in geotechnical works. The aim of this review is to present the existing source papers relating to the use of bottom ashes in construction processes. A particular area of interest is the use of said ashes in jet-grouting (JG). The paper briefly refers to fluidized bed combustion technology as a source of combustion byproducts. The author pay special attention to the characteristics defining the characteristics of the ashes. The reader's attention will then be drawn to jet-grouting technology. References can be found to the methodology of general cement-soil testing. Due to the nature of the use of JG, the focus is particularly on their strength, water-permeability and frost resistance properties. Due to the need to determine the internal structure of the cement-ground, attention was also paid to the possibility of using X-ray computed tomography for soil cement testing.
Green Areas in the City as an Element of Noise Protection
Authors: Kowalska-Koczwara Alicja , Pachla Filip , Tatara Tadeusz , Nering Krzysztof 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
From the dawn of history, humanity created communication routes in order to move efficiently. Trees were planted along the roads connecting towns and villages so that travellers could rest in their shade. The line of trees also played an informative, strategic and sometimes aesthetic role. Currently, a line of tall vegetation along the street provides shade and relief in cities during hot weather. It is also worth emphasizing that greenery reduces stress factors in large cities. One of the stressors in cities is noise. In an urbanized environment, noise is perceived as unpleasant and bothersome. Appropriate planting of greenery in the city can reduce this phenomenon. The article not only analyses the possibilities of reducing noise through appropriate planting of greenery, but also provides guidelines for the correct design of greenery along streets and at crossroads. It is worth emphasizing here that the correct design of greenery in the vicinity of communication arteries is not only a matter of ethics or landscape legibility, but also a matter of safe use of infrastructure. The article also deals with the issue of legal acts relating to the design of urban greenery. The former and current legal acts contain provisions related to the classification of green areas, their protection and shaping. These regulations apply to various fields (construction, spatial planning, environmental protection) and therefore there are discrepancies in the legal interpretation of this term. All these doubts will be clarified.
International Roughness Index Modeling For Jointed Plain Concrete Pavement Using Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Sultana Salma , Yasarer Hakan , Uddin Waheed , Barros Rulian 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Climate attributes such as precipitation, extreme temperature, and freeze-thaw cycles along with traffic loads cause pavement distresses. The maintenance need for pavements is decided based on the pavement condition rating such as International Roughness Index (IRI). Generally, an IRI rating less than 2.68 m/km is acceptable, and a rating greater than 2.68 m/km is considered unacceptable and classified as “very poor” condition of the pavement. It is imperative to be able to accurately predict pavement conditions to prepare proper Maintenance and Rehabilitation (M&R) programs for the pavements. This study aims to develop IRI models that can successfully estimate the IRI values for Jointed Plain Concrete Pavement (JPCP) considering the M&R history of the pavements using Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) approach. The study was carried out with the database collected from Long Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) program. The variables used for the ANN model development are initial IRI, pavement age, concrete pavement thickness, equivalent single axle load (ESAL), climatic region (wet-freeze, wet non-freeze, dry-freeze, dry non-freeze), construction number (CN), and several climatological data. After utilizing various ANN model structures, the best performing ANN model resulted in promising statistical measures (i.e. R2 = 0.87). The IRI prediction model can successfully estimate the increase of IRI values with the increase of ESAL value over time. The IRI prediction model can also estimate the decrease of IRI value after maintenance and rehabilitation. The predicted IRI values with good accuracy will help the local and state agencies to prepare for M&R programs for JPCP pavements and allocate a projected budget accordingly.
Assessment of Influence of Residential Area Planning Structure on Air Quality Using Numerical Modeling
Authors: Valger Svetlana , Maslova Anastasia 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Numerical study of the aeration of a new urban microdistrict located along a highway in Novosibirsk, Russia, was performed. The main goal of the paper was to assess whether the architectural and planning structure of the new microdistrict is optimal in terms of aeration and air quality. A scenario of particulate matter (PM10) transfer in the vicinity of the microdistrict is reproduced. Numerical modeling is performed for the prevailing wind direction. 3D numerical simulation was carried out using the Revit software to build the CAD model of the residential area and the ANSYS software was used to perform a computational experiment. Based on the calculations, numerical data were obtained on the wind speed and on PM10 concentration fields in the residential area. Favorable and unfavorable zones of the microdistrict in terms of high concentrations of PM10 at the pedestrian zones were described.
Asphalt Concrete for Binder Courses with Different Jute Fibre Content
Authors: Gallo Peter , Valentin Jan , Mondschein Petr 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Since the beginning of modern road construction, there have been effort to make durable, long life pavements. But no one pavement can fulfil designed purpose forever. On the other hand, some natural resources are limited, so it is important to maximize use of renewable resources. In recent years, there is a visible pursuit of this trend, in road construction represented mostly by use of waste materials, such as industrial by-products or recycled asphalt pavement itself. Within the effort, fibrous additives were established on the market to prolong life of pavement layers. Some commercial ones are synthetic polymer based, so it does not go well with the renewable part of pavement life cycle if we want to secure sustainable future. This paper describes use of fibres from natural renewable resource, specifically jute plant (Corchorus). Three asphalt mix variants with jute fibres were designed and further compared. Fibre content was 0.1 %, 0.2 % and 0.3 % by weight. Several tests were conducted to examine the effect of fibres on mixture properties, with aim on stiffness modulus (IT-CY) and crack propagation (SCB). Furthermore, indirect tensile strength ratio was calculated as a parameter showing performance of the mixture under the wet conditions. Control mixtures with paving grade and polymer modified bitumen were tested for better comparison and evaluation of the results.
A Comparison of Shell and Solid Finite Element Models of Austenitic Stainless Steel Columns in Compression
Authors: Jindra Daniel , Kala Zdeněk , Kala Jiří 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The subject of this article is the implementation of new knowledge on material and geometric characteristics obtained from an experimental research program in advanced numerical modelling of compressed columns made of austenitic stainless steel using the ANSYS Classic software. Nonlinear stress–strain curves were obtained using our own experimental program and studied in terms of identifying the most suitable nonlinear material model. Additional material and geometric characteristics were obtained from literature and other independent research. Numerical models differing in mesh density localization, formulation of element integration, non-linear material model, and initial geometric imperfections were created and compared. The aim of the models was the ultimate limit state of a strut of circular hollow cross-section stressed by compression and analysed using the geometrically and materially nonlinear solution with consideration to the influence of initial imperfections. Static resistance and limit state deformations are compared for each model. The paper presents the analysis of model uncertainty by comparing SHELL and SOLID FE models, which must be characterized before the start of the analysis of the random influence of imperfections on the limit states. The mean values and the coefficients of variation are practically the same for both approaches. In summary, the presented models can be considered sufficiently validated and eligible for integration in tandem with simulation sampling methods.