bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety and Immunogenicity of Four-Segmented Rift Valley Fever Virus in the Common Marmoset
Authors: Schreur Paul Wichgers , Mooij Petra , Koopman Gerrit , Verstrepen Babs , Fagrouch Zahra , Mortier Daniella , Driel Nikki van , Kant Jet , de Water Sandra van , Bogers Willy , Punt Carine , Keulen Lucien van , Verschoor Ernst , Kortekaas Jeroen 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is an emerging mosquito-borne bunyavirus that is highly pathogenic to wild- and domesticated ruminants, camelids and humans. While animals are exclusively infected via mosquito bites, humans can also be infected via contact with tissues or blood released during the slaughtering of RVFV-infected animals. No human vaccine is available and currently commercialized veterinary vaccines do not optimally combine efficacy with safety. We previously reported the development of two novel live-attenuated RVF vaccines, created by splitting the M genome segment and deleting the major virulence determinant NSs. The vaccine candidates, referred to as the veterinary vaccine vRVFV-4s and the human vaccine hRVFV-4s, were shown to induce protective immunity in multiple species after a single vaccination. Anticipating on accidental exposure of humans to the veterinary vaccine, and to evaluate the safety of the hRVFV-4s candidate vaccine for humans, the safety of each vaccine was evaluated in the most susceptible nonhuman primate model, the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). Marmosets were inoculated with high doses of each vaccine and were monitored for clinical signs as well as for vaccine virus dissemination, shedding and spreading to the environment. To accurately assess the attenuation of both vaccine viruses, separate groups of marmosets were inoculated with the parent wild-type RVFV strains. Both wild-type strains induced high viremia and disseminated to primary target organs, associated with mild- to severe morbidity, while both vaccines were well tolerated with absence of dissemination and shedding, while inducing potent neutralizing antibody responses. The results of the studies support the unprecedented safety profile of both vaccines for animals and humans.
Is the Co-management Approach Effective for Mangrove Conservation in West Africa?
Authors: Gnansounou Constant Setondé , Sagoe Alberta Ama , Mattah Precious Agbeko Dzorgbe , Salako Valère Kolawolé , Aheto Denis Worlanyo , Kakaï Romain Glèlè 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The conservation management literature has recently documented the increasing use of co-management approach to effectively conserve natural resources. Although most research qualify the co-management as highly effective, some authors also reported a number of uncertainties associated with the use of this conservation approach. Using the Mono Transboundary Biosphere Reserve (MTBR) as a case study, this work assessed the effectiveness of the co-management towards mangroves conservation in West Africa. Data were collected in two protected sites of the reserve (one in Togo and the other in Benin). Exploratory sequential mixed method via in-depth interviews (n=17), focus group discussions (n=14), household survey (n=274) and expert-based survey (n=10) were carried out, and subjected to the InVEST-based Habitat Risk Assessment (HRA) model, chi-square test and simple probability of likelihood. Results indicated that under the current co-management regimes, the anthropogenic stressors recorded in the reserve put the entire surface area of mangroves in Benin (100%) under low risk. Contrarily, 42% of the mangrove cover are under low risk and 58% under medium risk in Togo. Local perception also portrayed a large reduction of mangrove degradation in the study sites following the adoption of the co-management approach in the two countries. This study suggests that the implementation of the co-management approach has lowered anthropogenic stressors to mangroves in the reserve. However, there are some peculiar challenges (e.g., financial support provision, regular community engagement), which need to be thoroughly researched and addressed for a more effective conservation of mangroves in the MTBR.
Self-Assembly Strategy for Reducing Non-Specific Adsorption on Substrates and Application for Quantitative Immunoassay
Authors: lv Yanbing , Zhao Man , Fan Jinjin , Wu Ruili , Xu Yanxia , Li Jinjie , Li Ning , Shen Huaibin , Guo Fang , Li Lin Song 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background

The development of functionalized surfaces with low non-specific adsorption is important for biomedical applications. To inhibit non-specific adsorption on a substrate, we prepared a novel optical biochip based on a quantum dot fluorescence immunosorbent assay (QD-FLISA), specifically by modifying a layer of dense negatively charged film (SO32−) on the glass substrate surface via self-assembly.
Results

Using optimized conditions, we constructed a biochip on functionalized glass substrates to achieve quantitative detection of C-reactive protein (CRP). We subsequently achieved quantitative determination of CRP in the range of 1-1,000 ng/mL, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.26 ng/mL or 5.17 ng/mL, using poly(styrene sulfonic acid) sodium salt (PSS) or meso-tetra (4-sulfonatophenyl) porphine dihydrochloride (TSPP) on individually modified glass substrate biochips. The experimental protocol was further optimized and the LOD achieved a sensitivity of 0.69 ng/mL using functionalized TSPP and PSS co-treated glass substrate surfaces for the quantitative detection of CRP.
Conclusions

This work demonstrated an effective and convenient strategy to obtain biochips with low non-specific adsorption properties on functionalized surfaces, thus providing a new approach for creating ultra-high sensitivity microchannels or microarrays on glass substrates.
Transcriptome Analysis of Cultivated and Wild Ginseng in Different Growth Years Revealed the Regulatory Mechanism of Ginsenosides
Authors: Fang Xiaoxue , Wang Manqi , Zhou Xinteng , Wang Huan , Wang Huaying , Xiao Hongxing 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: As a famous Chinese medicine, ginseng has been used in the world for nearly 5,000 years. Wild ginseng is endangered due to environmental damage. Thus, cultivated ginseng is developed to replace wild ginseng. The morphological and physiological characteristics of both wild ginseng and cultivated ginseng change during growth, and the mechanism of this change is not yet understood. Results: This study performed transcriptome sequencing on the roots, stems and leaves of cultivated ginseng and wild ginseng with different growth years, exploring the effect of growth years on gene expression in ginseng. The number of DEGs in cultivated ginseng is more than that in wild ginseng. Based on the weighted gene co-expression network analysis, we found that the growth years significantly affected the gene expression of MAPK signaling pathway - plant and terpenoid backbone biosynthesis pathway in cultivated ginseng, but had no effects in wild ginseng. Furthermore, the growth years had significant effects on the genes related to ginsenoside synthesis in cultivated ginseng, and the effects were different in the roots, stems and leaves. However, it had little influence on the expression of genes related to ginsenoside synthesis in wild ginseng and no effect on leaves. These results showed wild ginseng was less affected by growth years than cultivated ginseng. Furthermore, HMGR, SS, DXS, DS, IspF, AACT, CYP450 and UGTs were related with MYB, NAC, AP2/ERF, bHLH and WRKY transcription factors. Growth years may regulate genes for ginsenoside synthesis by influencing these transcription factors, thereby affecting the content of ginsenosides.﻿Conclusions: This study complemented the gaps in the genetic information of wild ginseng in different growth periods and different tissues and provided a new insight into the mechanism of ginsenoside regulation.
Using the Kolb’s Experiential Learning Cycle to Understand the Application of One Health Competencies to Solving Global Health Challenges; A Tracer Study Among AFROHUN-Uganda Alumni
Authors: Ssekamatte Tonny , Isunju John Bosco , Nalugya Aisha , Mugambe Richard K. , Kalibala Patrick , Musewa Angella , Bikaako Winnie , Nattimba Milly , Tigaiza Arnold , Nakalembe Doreen , Osuret Jimmy , Wafula Solomon Tsebeni , Buregyeya Esther , Tsiouris Fatima , Michaels-Strasser Susan , Kabasa John David , Bazeyo William 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe Africa One Health University Network (AFROHUN) with support from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), has since 2012 conducted pre and in-service One health (OH) trainings with the objective of improving global health security through a well-trained multidisciplinary health workforce. These trainings aim to build OH competencies among participants with the ultimate goal of promoting a multidisciplinary approach to solving global health challenges. Despite these trainings, there is limited documentation of the extent of acquisition and application of the One Health competencies at workplaces. This tracer study established the extent of acquisition and application of the One Health competencies by the AFROHUN-Uganda alumni.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among a random sample of 182 AFROHUN-Uganda alumni of 2013-2017. A blended approach of interviewer and self-administered was used during data collection. Virtual interviews using zoom and skype, and phone interviews with alumni were conducted when face-to-face interviews were not possible. Data were collected electronically, with the aid of the KoboCollect mobile application, pre-installed on android enabled devices. Data were analysed using STATA14.0.ResultsThe majority of respondents, 78.6% (143/182) had jobs that required application of One Health knowledge and skills, 95.6% (174/182) had learned employable skills from OH activities and 89.6% (163/182) had applied such skills when searching for employment. About 21.7% (34/180) to a very high extent required One Health field-specific theoretical knowledge at their workplaces, 27.4% (43/80) to a very high extent required One Health field-specific practical knowledge/skills, 42.7% (67/180) to a high extent required a change in attitude and perceptions towards working with people from different disciplines, 49.0% (77/180) required collaboration and networking skills, and more than half, 51.0% (80/180) required team building skills.ConclusionThe majority of One Health alumni to a very high extent acquired and applied One Health competences such as teamwork, effective communication, community entry and engagement, report writing and problem-solving skills. This study revealed the significant contribution of the AFROHUN Uganda OH activities towards supportive work environments, and highlights areas of improvement such as supporting the trainees to acquire people-management skills, innovation, and an entrepreneurial mind set.
Transformer Neural Network-Based Molecular Optimization Using General Transformations
Authors: He Jiazhen , Nittinger Eva , Tyrchan Christian , Czechtizky Werngard , Patronov Atanas , Bjerrum Esben Jannik , Engkvist Ola 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Molecular optimization aims to improve the drug profile of a starting molecule. It is a fundamental problem in drug discovery but challenging due to (i) the requirement of simultaneous optimization of multiple properties and (ii) the large chemical space to explore. Recently, deep learning methods have been proposed to solve this task by mimicking the chemist's intuition in terms of matched molecular pairs (MMPs). Although MMPs is a typical and widely used strategy by medicinal chemists, it offers limited capability in terms of exploring the space of solutions. There are more options to modify a starting molecule to achieve desirable properties, e.g. one can simultaneously modify the molecule at different places including changing the scaffold. This study trains the same Transformer architecture on different datasets. These datasets consist of a set of molecular pairs which reflect different types of transformations. Beyond MMP transformation, datasets reflecting general transformations are constructed from ChEMBL based on two approaches: Tanimoto similarity (allows for multiple modifications) and scaffold matching (allows for multiple modifications but keep the scaffold constant) respectively. We investigate how the model behavior can be altered by tailoring the dataset while keeping the same model architecture. Our results show that the models trained on differently prepared datasets transform a given starting molecule in a way that it reflects the nature of the dataset used for training the model. These models could complement each other and unlock the capability for the chemists to pursue different options for improving a starting molecule.
Online Identification of Time-Variant Structural Parameters Under Unknown Inputs Basing On Extended Kalman Filter
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxiong , He Jia , Hua Xugang , Chen Zhengqing , Yang Ou 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
To date, a number of parameter identification methods have been developed for the purpose of structural health monitoring and vibration control. Among them, the extended Kalman filter (EKF) series methods are attractive in view of the efficient unbiased estimation in recursive manner. However, most of these methods are performed on the premise that the parameters are time-invariant and/or the loadings are known. To circumvent the aforementioned limitations, an online EKF with unknown input (OEKF-UI) approach is proposed in this paper for the identification of time-varying parameters and the unknown excitation. A revised observation equation is obtained with the aid of projection matrix. To capture the changes of structural parameters in real-time, an online tracking matrix (OTM) associated with the time-varying parameters is introduced and determined via an optimization procedure. Then, based on the principle of EKF, the recursive solution of structural states including the time-variant parameters can be analytically derived. Finally, using the estimated structural states, the unknown inputs are identified by means of least-squares estimation (LSE) at the same time-step. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is validated via linear and nonlinear numerical examples with the consideration of parameters being varied abruptly.
Experimental Study on Pore Structure and Gas Desorption Characteristics of a Low Rank Coal: Impact of Moisture
Authors: Chen Ming-yi , Yang Ya-pu , Chen Xiao-yun , Tian Fu-chao , Sun Wei-li , Yang Yu-meng , Zhang Tong-hao 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Coal and gas outburst is one of the most serious disasters for underground coal mining. The water adsorbed on coal can leads to that the pore structure of moist coal is different from that of dry coal, thereby affecting methane desorption characteristics of coal for the outburst risk prediction. In this paper, the impact of moisture on pore structure and methane desorption performance were investigated. The analysis on low-temperature nitrogen gas adsorption tests show that the micropores (pore diameter < 10 nm) are most affected by the adsorbed water. In particular, for water-equilibrated coal sample at 98% relatively humidity, the micropores less than 4 nm analyzed by DFT pore size distributions almost disappear probably due to the blocking effect of the formed water clusters and capillary water. In this case, the micropores can still contributes most sites for gas adsorption. Furthermore, the fractal dimension at relative pressure of 0–0.5 (D1) and 0.5–1 (D2) calculated by the Frenkel-Halsey-Hill model indicates that, when moisture content is less than 4.74%, D1 decreases rapidly while D2 shows a slight change; whereas, further increases in moisture content results in that D2 decreases significantly and D1 remains at about 2.32. Further investigation shows that, below the equilibrium moisture content, the ultimate desorption volume (A) and initial desorption rate (V0) are closely related to D1, while the desorption constant (Kt) mainly depends on D2. Therefore, the adsorbed moisture has significant negative impact on methane desorption performances by affecting characteristics of coal’s pores.
Curcumol Inhibit Breast Cancer Growth Via NCL/ERα36 And PI3K/AKT Pathway
Authors: Wei Zhou Lu , Juan Wang , Tong Dou , Juan Li Xiao , Sa Liu Yi , Jie Huang Fu Meng , Xiao Guan , Xiang Liu Guo , Jie Han Meng , Xu Chen 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose: This study is to investigate the effect and mechanism of curcumol on ERα36 positive breast cancer cells, and the relationship between curcumol’s target protein nucleolin (NCL) and ERα36. Methods: The anti-tumor effect of curcumol were quantified via MTT assay, colony formation and cycle arrest respectively. The expression of ERα36, NCL and the proteins involved in PI3K/AKT signaling were evaluated by western blotting. The interaction between two proteins were detected using co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and immunofluorescence assay. Mouse xenograft model was established to verify the role of ERα36 in breast cancer cells and curcumol’s effect on ERα36 positive cancer cells. Results: Curcumol inhibited the cell growth, caused cell cycle arrest, decreased cell cycle related-proteins and inactivated PI3K/AKT pathway in ERα36 positive breast cancer cells. There is a positive correlation between NCL and ERα36 in breast cancer cells. In addition, ERα36 bound to NCL, the two proteins were distributed in the nucleus, cytoplasm and on the plasma membrane, where their expression were obviously decreased by curcumol. Moreover, NCL silenced by NCL siRNA blocked the cell cycle progress and inhibited the activation of PI3K/AKT in MDA-MB-231 cells, while overexpressed ERα36 increased the expression of NCL, promoted cell cycle progress and enhanced the activity of PI3K/AKT in MCF-7 cells. NCL knockdown or ERα36 overexpressed all attenuated the effect of curcumol on breast cancer cells. Conclusion: Curcumol reduced the proliferation of breast cancer cells by targeting NCL/ERα36 and inactivated PI3K/AKT pathway.
Palliative and End of Life Care in Undergraduate Medical Education: A Survey of New Zealand Medical Schools
Authors: Heath Lis , Egan Richard , Iosua Ella , Walker Robert , Ross Jean , MacLeod Rod 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: In New Zealand, 34% of deaths occur in the hospital setting where junior doctors are at the frontline of patient care. The death rate in New Zealand is expected to double by 2068 due to the aging population, but many studies report that graduates feel unprepared to care for people near the end of life and find this to be one of the most stressful parts of their work. International guidelines recommend that palliative and end of life care should be a mandatory component of undergraduate medical education, yet teaching varies widely and remains optional in many countries. Little is known about how medical students in New Zealand learn about this important area of clinical practice. The purpose of this study was to investigate the organisation, structure and provision of formal teaching, assessment and clinical learning opportunities in palliative and end of life care for undergraduate medical students in New Zealand.Methods: Quantitative descriptive, cross-sectional survey of module conveners in New Zealand medical schools.Results: Palliative and end of life care is included in undergraduate teaching in all medical schools. However, there are gaps in content, minimal formal assessment and limited contact with specialist palliative care services. Lack of teaching staff and pressure on curriculum time are the main barriers to further curriculum development.Conclusions: This article reports the findings of the first national survey of formal teaching, assessment and clinical learning opportunities in palliative and end of life care in undergraduate medical education in New Zealand. There has been significant progress towards integrating this content into the curriculum, although further development is needed to address barriers and maximise learning opportunities to ensure graduates are as well prepared as possible.
Long-term Microglial Phase-specific Dynamics During Single Vessel Occlusion and Recanalization
Authors: xie xiaoke , Liu Xuanting , Chen Yiwen , Zhu Jiazhu , Xu Yongxian , Li Xiaojing , Zheng Yameng , Gong Shangyue , Xiao Xiao , Zhang Jianmin , Gong Wei , Si Ke 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Vascular occlusion leading to brain dysfunctions is usually considered evoking microglia-induced inflammation response. However, it remains unclear how microglia interact with blood vessels in the development of vascular occlusion-related brain disorders. Here, we illuminate long-term spatiotemporal dynamics of microglia and their activation pattern during single vessel occlusion and recanalization. The results show that microglia display remarkable response characteristics in different phases, including acute reaction, rapid diffusion, transition and chronic effect. Microglial cell body represents a unique filament-shape migration and has slower motility compared to the immediate reaction of processes to occlusion. We capture single microglia with few processes moves out of the cluster and redistributes territory with increasing ramified processes. Microglial cluster resolves gradually until microglial number and morphology become stabilized. Therefore, our study offers a comprehensive analysis of spatiotemporal dynamics of microglia to both vessel occlusion and recanalization. Microglial phase-specific response suggests the morphological feature-oriented phased intervention would be an attractive option for vascular occlusion-related diseases treatments.
Review On Preceding And Perspective Research In Electrochemical Discharge Machining
Authors: Singh Lavepreet 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Electrochemical discharge machining is an adaptable machining measure for miniature boring, miniature finishing, and miniature cutting of an assortment of glasses, ceramics, and composites. Electrochemical discharge machining (ECDM), otherwise called flash-assisted compound etching, is a successful miniature machining measure for non-leading materials. It has appeal in Micro Electro Mechanical System (MEMS) applications. Electrochemical discharge machining has ended up being a productive miniature machining measure and altogether utilized for the machining of non-conductive materials. Electro Chemical Discharge Machining (ECDM) is a controlled metal-evacuation measure that is utilized in metal elimination through electric flash disintegration. Because of advancements in technology, the scaled-down products have gained advantages in Lab-on-a-chip devices, including micro-electromechanical frameworks. Electrochemical discharge machining has done a good job of generating miniature openings and channels on electrically non-conductive materials, and it has emerged as a potential competitor. This paper examines the state of craftsmanship in various areas of electrochemical discharge machining, including the workpiece, electrolyte, hardware terminal behavior, gas film arrangement, machining efficiency, and late hybridizations in electrochemical discharge machining. The conclusion focuses on or summarizes potential exploration trends for improving ECDM proficiency also addresses machining issues.