bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arche of Philosophy Teaching in Vojvodina
Authors: Kaluđerović Željko 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the author tries to identify the level of autonomy of Sremski Karlovci Grammar School in creating its curricula, particularly for philosophical subjects, since its establishment in 1791 until 1921. Although it might be considered that the teaching of philosophical subjects, during the first 130 years of the history of Sremski Karlovci Grammar School, automatically followed the changes of curricula, in reality this was not the case. Moreover, it seems that the teaching of philosophy in Sremski Karlovci Grammar School had a specific evolution, relatively independent of implemented curricula, which is confirmed by the analysis of its “Programmes” and “Reports”. For example, even though that there were two different curricula implemented in the school from 1792 to 1825, the same philosophical subjects were taught: Logics and Ethics (they were also taught within curriculum for 1849/50 school year and 1850/51 school year). From 1825 until 1847/8 school year, Logics was probably the only philosophical subject taught in the Grammar School, even though two curricula were implemented in this period as well. In the school year 1853/54 a new curriculum was introduced in Sremski Karlovci Grammar School, according to which the teaching of philosophy subjects was sublimated into one subject, Philosophical Propedeutics. During the following two school years (1854 and 1855) this school subject comprised the lectures on Logics, Psychology, Metaphysics, and History of Logics. From 1856 school year until the end of the analyzed period, only two courses were held on Philosophical Propedeutics: Logics and Psychology. Within these 65 years there were many changes of the names of these subjects, as well as the scope of their teachings, sequences of lectures and literature; however they rarely coincided with changes of curricula, as well as of adopted laws, regulations, and decrees.
The Applicability of the Socrates Method of Education in Education Today
Authors: Kelam Ivica , Vučić Jasmina Sagadin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In the global world, changes that strike our educational system occur daily. In that matter, most of the traditional guidelines have been thrown away in order to strive towards new goals and methods, the external ones, which satisfy the continually changing labor market. The purpose of an individual in that kind of a system is to adapt in order to satisfy its needs while Socrates searches for happiness inside a man itself - a man possesses knowledge and wisdom for himself and his freedom, not others. With his method of dialectic speech, he seeks his truth and that of others and offers lots to think about. His teaching, which emphasizes love and desire for learning and real knowledge that leads to becoming an independent man, has been inspiring people for over twenty-five centuries, and it should be taken into consideration when thinking about youth, younger generations, and their future. In this paper, we are comparing and showing the differences in education today and the one in Socrates’ time. This paper highlights changes brought by the Bologna Declaration, but also the directionality in the labor market today, which makes the universities entrepreneurial centers. What does that mean for the knowledge economy we are striving for? Can we even state that we really are a knowledge society if we only aspire to knowledge that is dictated by the constantly changing labour market? We compare the knowledge to which we aspire with the knowledge which Socrates searches for and show the disadvantages of today’s educational system along the way. Here we offer Socrates’ ideas and opinions, which lead to possible progress towards genuine wisdom.
TIPS vs. endoscopic treatment for prevention of recurrent variceal bleeding: a long-term follow-up of 126 patients
Authors: Korsic Spela , Stabuc Borut , Skok Pavel , Popovic Peter 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
Recurrent bleeding from gastroesophageal varices is the most common life-threatening complication of portal hypertension. According to guidelines, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) should not be used as a first-line treatment and should be limited to those bleedings which are refractory to pharmacologic and endoscopic treatment (ET). To our knowledge, long-term studies evaluating the role of elective TIPS in comparison to ET in patients with recurrent variceal bleeding episodes are rare.

Patients and methods
This study was designed as a retrospective single-institution analysis of 70 patients treated with TIPS and 56 with ET. Patients were followed-up from inclusion in the study until death, liver transplantation, the last follow-up observation or until the end of our study.

Results
Recurrent variceal bleeding was significantly more frequent in ET group compared to patients TIPS group (66.1% vs. 21.4%, p < 0.001; χ2-test). The incidence of death secondary to recurrent bleeding was higher in the ET group (28.6% vs. 10%). Cumulative survival after 1 year, 2 years and 5 years in TIPS group compared to ET group was 85% vs. 83%, 73% vs. 67% and 41% vs. 35%, respectively. The main cause of death in patients with cumulative survival more than 2 years was liver failure. Median observation time was 47 months (range; 2–194 months) in the TIPS group and 40 months (range; 1–168 months) in the ET group.

Conclusions
In present study TIPS was more effective in the prevention of recurrent variceal bleeding and had lower mortality due to recurrent variceal bleeding compared to ET.
Multicatheter interstitial brachytherapy versus stereotactic radiotherapy with CyberKnife for accelerated partial breast irradiation: a comparative treatment planning study with respect to dosimetry of organs at risk
Authors: Herein András , Stelczer Gábor , Pesznyák Csilla , Fröhlich Georgina , Smanykó Viktor , Mészáros Norbert , Polgár Csaba , Major Tibor 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
The aim of the study was to dosimetrically compare multicatheter interstitial brachytherapy (MIBT) and stereotactic radiotherapy with CyberKnife (CK) for accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) especially concerning the dose of organs at risk (OAR-s).

Patients and methods
Treatment plans of thirty-two MIBT and CK patients were compared. The OAR-s included ipsilateral non-target and contralateral breast, ipsilateral and contralateral lung, skin, ribs, and heart for left-sided cases. The fractionation was identical (4 x 6.25 Gy) in both treatment groups. The relative volumes (e.g. V100, V90) receiving a given relative dose (100%, 90%), and the relative doses (e.g. D0.1cm3, D1cm3) delivered to the most exposed small volumes (0.1 cm3, 1 cm3) were calculated from dose-volume histograms. All dose values were related to the prescribed dose (25 Gy).

Results
Regarding non-target breast CK performed slightly better than MIBT (V100: 0.7% vs. 1.6%, V50: 10.5% vs. 12.9%). The mean dose of the ipsilateral lung was the same for both techniques (4.9%), but doses irradiated to volume of 1 cm3 were lower with MIBT (36.1% vs. 45.4%). Protection of skin and rib was better with MIBT. There were no significant differences between the dose-volume parameters of the heart, but with MIBT, slightly larger volumes were irradiated by 5% dose (V5: 29.9% vs. 21.2%). Contralateral breast and lung received a somewhat higher dose with MIBT (D1cm3: 2.6% vs. 1.8% and 3.6% vs. 2.5%).

Conclusions
The target volume can be properly irradiated by both techniques with similar dose distributions and high dose conformity. Regarding the dose to the non-target breast, heart, and contralateral organs the CK was superior, but the nearby organs (skin, ribs, ipsilateral lung) received less dose with MIBT. The observed dosimetric differences were small but significant in a few parameters at the examined patient number. More studies are needed to explore whether these dosimetric findings have clinical significance.
Computational thinking in primary education: a systematic literature review
Authors: Kakavas Panagiotis , Ugolini Francesco C. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study presents a 13-year (2006–2018) systematic literature review related to the way that computational thinking (CT) has grown in elementary level education students (K-6) with the intention to: (a) present an overview of the educational context/setting where CT has been implemented, (b) identify the learning context that CT is used in education, (c) highlight the ways of assessment/measurement of CT and present the learning outcomes for students who engage in CT educational activities. A set of criteria were specified to select appropriate studies for inclusion in the review. A thorough search in ten large electronic databases, meeting the inclusion criteria, revealed 53 studies on CT in primary education. The results of the study revealed a variety of educational and learning contexts that CT has been integrated. The majority of studies use the framework of programming for both plugged and unplugged activities in order to cultivate students’ CT-skills, while the main interest focuses on the subject of Computer Science and STEM field in general. However, teaching and learning issues on CT-concepts and skills, CT-measurement and the adoption of an established definition of CT remain a challenge. Based on the current findings, some recommendations and implications for future research are provided.
A Simple Measure to Study Multinational Income Inequality
Authors: Orkideh Gharehgozli , Vidya Atal 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Using the Big Mac Index, we offer a simple measure to study the real income inequality. We provide a multidimensional real income inequality analysis by exploring the Coefficient of Variation and the Big Mac Affordability of households across all income deciles of 28 countries for the years 2000 to 2013. We look more into a few of the most interesting countries in our analysis in order to have explanations for the wide range of income inequality we observe. We compare Denmark and Mexico as representatives of the “more equal” and “less equal” countries in our analysis, and we find a visible difference in the share of each decile to the top decile of income between the two countries. However, we observe that, although a more equal country, Denmark has been exp eriencing a rise in income inequality while a less equal country (Mexico) has been experiencing a reduction in income inequality. We also focus on the United States and study how it compares to Russia, a country that shows a different direction of income inequality compared to the U.S.A. We find that while the wage income inequality in Russia has been correlated inversely with its growth, in the U.S.A., the overall growth and wage income inequality have been positively correlated.
The Evaluation Methodology for the Ecological and Economic Potential of the Metallurgical Cluster
Authors: Turgel Irina , Bozhko Larissa , Bazhenov Oleg 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The article presents the author's methodology for the formation of a key indicator system for the evaluation of the ecological and economic potential of the metallurgical cluster. This being the case, special attention was paid to the development of an indicator system for evaluating the second-level potentials uniting the environmental and economic components of the integrated study subject. The study aims to develop a comprehensive methodology for evaluating the ecological and economic potential adapted to unique features of the metallurgical cluster of the Republic of Kazakhstan. In preparing the material, the authors used comparative analysis and integral economic and statistical indicator building methods. Individual assessments of the first and second tiers were integrated by calculating criterion integrated indicators. The study concluded that a balanced evaluation of the ecological and economic potential of the metallurgical cluster can be obtained by integrating estimates of second-tier potentials representing the joint influence of a group of enterprises in the metallurgical industrial cluster. The provisions and conclusions of the described paper can be applied by the management of iron and steel companies to justify corporate development programmes, as well as regional authorities to identify areas of investment attractiveness growth of the region. The empirical basis of the analysis was obtained from the results of studies carried out as part of the research work “Improvement of the state policy regulation for accelerated clustering of the industrial regions”, executed under grant financing of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Extending the Theory of Planned Behaviour to Explain Energy Saving Behaviour
Authors: Arya Bhavana , Chaturvedi Shiromi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Existing research in environmental psychology suggests that humans are conscious of the impact that their actions have on the environment. However, a corresponding change is yet to be seen in the voluntary adoption of pro-environmental behaviour by the Indian population. While there is an overall improvement in the ecological consciousness, we need to find out the psychological factors that promote adoption and maintenance of environmentally responsible behaviour. The current study incorporated the construct of consideration of future consequences (CFC) into the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) to investigate energy-conservation behaviour in 232 college students. Results confirmed that TPB constructs predict pro-environmental behaviour. Results also confirmed that consideration of future consequences is positively related to efficiency enhancing pro-environment behaviour. The research has implications for planning interventions that address both adoption and maintenance of pro-environment behaviour.
Wandering lives: a case study of ethnic and cultural selfidentification discourses of two adult cross-cultural kids from a family of Transylvanian Saxons
Authors: Rusu Horațiu , Bejenaru Anca 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The paper presents a case study of two adult crosscultural kids (ACCK’s) from a family of Saxons that emigrated from Romania during communist period. They had what we call a wandering life before resettling as adults in Romania. The objective of the paper is to present and analyse how the ethnic and cultural selfidentification discourse of the two is constructed and its modulations between a primordial stance and a contextual one.
Historical Realities and Historical Myths of the Colonization of the “Russian North”: from the Initial Settlement to the Post-Soviet Retreat
Authors: Shabaev Yuri P. , Istomin Kirill V. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article uses the ideas put forth by Hill and Gaddy in their book “Siberian Curse” to discuss the stages of colonization of the European north of Russia. Discussing different components of the colonization process, the authors argue that the initial colonization of this region could not have been carried out earlier than the Neolithic, because in their understanding settlement is the economic development of the territory, and therefore the first attempts to penetrate the primitive collectives to the North cannot be interpreted as either the initial settlement or the initial development. It also refutes the assertion that the colonization of the European north basically ended by the end of the 19thcentury. It is argued that the ‘Stalinist industrialization’ in the North cannot be regarded as a modernization process, but it is logical to consider it as the next stage of colonization – penal colonization. An analysis of modern social processes in the European North suggests that the processes of colonization retreat are becoming a sustainable development trend in the regions of the European North.
Effect of witches’ broom mutation on growth ofPinus sibiricaseedlings
Authors: Vasilyeva Galina V. , Zhuk Evgeniya A. , Goroshkevich Sergey N. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMutational witches’ brooms (WB) spontaneously arise in the tree crown. There are no male cones inPinus sibiricaWB and pollination always occurs with normal pollen. We studied 2-year-old seed progeny obtained from open-pollinated cones of WB and normal crown (NC) pines. There were significant morphological differences in two pairs of WB and NC families, while the third family pair studied showed barely pronounced differences. Segregation analysis of WB seed progeny based on needle length (growth trait) and total bud number (branching trait) revealed that about half of seedlings had a normal phenotype, while mutants were from 15.6 to 35.7 %. The rest seedlings could not be unambiguously identified, because they have not yet fully demonstrated the phenotype. Looking normal seedlings from WB families differed not only from mutants but also from NC progeny. Therefore, the mutation had some effect on both mutant seedlings and seedlings with a normal phenotype. Moreover, the denser was maternal WB the more differences were observed between WB and NC progeny.
How Does Ritualized Behavior Lower Anxiety? The Role of Cognitive Load and Conscious Preoccupation in Anxiety Reduction
Authors: Niczyporuk Aneta 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Although rituals are believed to lower anxiety, the underlying mechanism of anxiety reduction has not been explained well enough. According to Boyer and Liénard (2006), ritualized behavior decreases the anxiety levels because it swamps working memory. This blocks anxious thoughts’ access to consciousness. As a result, ritualized behavior lowers anxiety temporarily but maintains it in the long run. In the article, I analyze what processes should be engaged in ritualized behavior to bring the aforementioned outcomes. I propose that ritualized behavior has anxiolytic properties if it preoccupies consciousness without placing too many demands on cognitive control. While conscious preoccupation with ritualized behavior should reduce anxiety, cognitive control load related to efforts to concentrate on ritualized behavior may bring immediate paradoxical effects of self-regulation, i.e., anxiety increases. Moreover, since anxiety disrupts attentional control capabilities, ritualized behavior should not be too cognitively demanding if an anxious person is to perform it.
‘Alimentary Assemblages’ at Intersections: Food, (Queer) Bodies, and Intersectionality in Marusya Bociurkiw’sComfort Food for Breakups: The Memoir of a Hungry Girl(2007)
Authors: Suchacka Weronika 
Published: April 2021

AbstractClearly devoted to the analysis of various issues of belonging, the work of Marusya Bociurkiw, a Ukrainian-Canadian queer writer, director, academic, and activist, examines culture, memory, history, and subjectivity in a fascinatingly unique way. Such a thematic composition is, however, not the only aspect that visibly marks and unities Bociurkiw’s multi-generic oeuvre; what clearly stands out as yet another distinguishing characteristic that Bociurkiw’s works have in common is the idea that seems to stand behind their creation – an impelling notion that “[t]o have one’s belonging lodged in a metaphor is voluptuous intrigue” (Brand 2001: 18). Consequently, what Bociurkiw’s works vividly portray is the writing-self “in search of its most resonant metaphor” (Brand 2001: 19). In one of her works,Comfort Food for Breakups: The Memoir of a Hungry Girl(2007), this metaphor is food as the art of food-making and the act of eating become here a crucial background against which the issues of belonging are played out. The aim of this article is thus to show how Bociurkiw finds her way of discussing various aspects of subjectivity by means of writing about food, whether about preparing it, tasting it, or recollecting its preparation and tastes. Ultimately, however, the article is to prove that food in Bociurkiw’s memoir not only reflects identity but is presented as a vital site of intersectionality. Thus, embedded in intersectionality discourse, and particularly instructed by Vivian May’sPursuing Intersectionality, Unsettling Dominant Imaginaries(2015), the analysis ofComfort Food for Breakupsis carried out from an interdisciplinary perspective because it is simultaneously grounded in food studies theory, i.e., the ideas developed by Elspeth Probyn inCarnal Appetites: FoodSexIdentities(2000), confirming, in this way, that vital connections can and should be made between the two, ostensibly unrelated, fields of study.
Two-Spirit Identities in Canada: Mapping Sovereign Erotic in Joshua Whitehead’sJonny Appleseed
Authors: Siepak Julia 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn colonial times, mapping the New World functioned as an inherent mechanism of exerting colonial domination over Indigenous lands, enacting settler presence on these territories. While the colonial cartographies projected ownership, the non-normative mappings emerging from Aboriginal writing provide an alternative to settler Canadian geography. This article focuses on the imaginative geographies depicted in Joshua Whitehead’sJonny Appleseed(2018), which recounts the story of a young Two-Spirit man who searches for his identity in-between the reserve and the city. The objective of the analysis is to tie the representation of the contemporary queer Indigenous condition with the alternative mappings emerging from Whitehead’s novel. In order to address the contemporary Two-Spirit condition in Canada, the article applies current theories proposed by the field of queer Indigenous studies, including the concept ofsovereign erotic, which further allows the presentation of the potential of Two-Spirit bodies to transgress colonial cartographies.
Pollination Ecology of Hibiscus tiliaceus L. (Malvaceae), an Evergreen Tree Species Valuable in Coastal and Inland Eco-Restoration
Authors: Aluri Jacob Solomon Raju , Kunuku Venkata Ramana , Chappidi Prasada Rao , Kammarchedu Bhushanam Jeevan Prasad 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Hibiscus tiliaceus is an amphibious evergreen tree species which grows naturally in coastal and terrestrial habitats. Flowering and fruiting is mostly seasonal. It is self-compatible, protandrous, ambophilous involving melittophily and anemophily, and hydrochorous. Melittophily involves certain bees, which effect sternotribic pollination. Anemophily is functional only during the afternoon period. Delayed autonomous autogamy, a characteristic of the Malvaceae family, is not functional in this species. The tree has dual modes of regeneration, by seed and by sprouting prostrate stems. It is a most suitable species for coastal and inland eco-restoration.
A Recent Taxonomic Study of the Fish from the Jinam River in Dima Hasao Biodiversity Hotspot Region of Assam (India)
Authors: Kar Devashish , Khynriam Dimos , Das Bubul , Das Satyajit 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The Jinam River habitats inventory revealed the presence of alluvial valley, cascades, riffle-pools, boulders, cobbles, and gravel as types of substrata. The limnological parameters portrayed average values of air and water temperature, turbidity, pH, dissolved oxygen, free carbon di-oxide, total alkalinity, and conductivity.
This recent pioneering study on the fish of the Jinam River in the Dima Hasao District of Assam revealed the presence of 18 species belonging to 15 genera, five families, and three orders, which are reported for the first time through this paper. Worth highlighting is the abundance of Barilius bendelisis and Devario aequipinnatus, and the fewer numbers of Chanda nama, these warranting proper management and conservation of the fish for this river.