bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Various Depth of Pupation On Adult Emergence of Interspecific Hybrid of Bactrocera Carambolae And Bactrocera Dorsalis
Authors: Susanto Agus , Faradilla Maura Gita , Sumekar Yayan , Yudistira Dwi Harya , Murdita Wayan , Permana Agus Dana , Djaya Luciana , Putri Syifa Nabilah Subakti 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Bactrocera carambolae and B. dorsalis are genetically related in that both have the same type of host plant, and hybridization between B. carambolae and B. dorsalis may occur naturally. The depth of the pupation is one of the important factors in adult emergence rate. This objective of this study was to estimate the depth of the pupation that can suppress the emergence of adult interspecific hybrids of B. carambolae and B. dorsalis. The experiments consisting of seven depths of pupation treatments (4 cm, 10 cm, 20 cm, 30 cm, 40 cm, 50 cm, and 60 cm) with four replications. The results showed that 91% of the adult interspecific hybrids of B. carambolae and B. dorsalis emerged successfully at 4 cm depth of pupation. Furthermore, the emergence rate was found to decrease with the increase in pupation depth. Soil depths ranging between 50 and 60 cm can suppress the emergence rate of adult interspecific hybrids of B. carambolae and B. dorsalis.
An Arc-consistent Viscous-spring Artificial Boundary for Numerical Analysis of the Seismic Response of Underground Structures
Authors: Ye Dan , Yin Shangzhi , Quan Dengzhou 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A new arc consistent viscous-spring artificial boundary (ACVAB) was proposed by changing a traditional flat artificial boundary based on the theory of viscous-spring artificial boundaries. Through examples, the concept underpinning the establishment, and specific setting of, the boundary in the finite element software were described. Through comparison with other commonly used artificial boundaries in an example for near-field wave analysis using the two-dimensional (2-d) half-space model, the reliability of the ACVAB was verified. Furthermore, the ACVAB was used in the numerical analysis of the effects of an earthquake of underground structures. The results were compared with shaking-table test results on underground structures. On this basis, the applicability of the ACVAB to a numerical model of the seismic response of underground structures was evaluated. The results show that the boundary is superior to common viscous-spring boundaries in terms of accuracy and stability, and therefore it can be used to evaluate radiation damping effects of seismic response of underground structures and is easier to use.
Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of 93 Rice Cultivars (Lines) (Oryza Sativa Xian Group) in Qinba in China by 3 Types of Genetic Markers
Authors: Zhang Yu , Wang Yewen , Li Peijiang , Wang Yuexing , Zheng Shimao , He Qiaoqiao , Zhou Xixi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: The Qinba region is the transition region between Indica and Japonica varieties in China. It has a long history of Indica rice planting of more than 7000 years and is also a planting area for fine-quality Indica rice. The aims of this study are to explore different genetic markers applied to the analysis population structure, genetic diversity, selection and optimization of molecular markers of Indica rice, thus providing more information for the protection and utilization on germplasm resources of Indica rice. Methods: 15 phenotypic traits, a core set of 48 SSR markers as well as SNPs data obtained by genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS, NlaIII and MseI digestion, referred to as SNPs-NlaIII and SNPs-MseI, respectively) for this panel of 93 samples using the Illumina HiSeq2000 sequencing platform, were employed to explore the genetic diversity and population structure of 93 samples.Results: The average of coefficient of variation (CV) and diversity index (He) were 29.72% and 1.83 ranging from 3.07% to 137.43%, and from 1.45 to 2.03, respectively. The correlation coefficient between 15 phenotypic traits ranged from 0.984 to -0.604. The first four PCs accounted for 70.693% phenotypic variation based on phenotypic analysis. A total of 379 alleles were obtained using SSR markers, encompassing an average of 8.0 alleles per primer. Polymorphic bands (PPB) and polymorphism information content (PIC) was 88.65% and 0.77, respectively. The Mantel test showed that the correlation between the genetic distance matrix based on SNPs-NlaIII and SNPs-MseI was the largest (R2=0.88), and that based on 15 phenotypic traits and SSR was the smallest (R2=0.09). The 93 samples could be clustered into two subgroups by 3 types of genetic markers. Molecular variance analysis revealed that the genetic variation was 2% among populations and 98% within populations (the Nm was 0.16), Tajima’s D value was 1.66, the FST between the two populations was 0.61 based on 72,824 SNPs. Conclusions: The population genetic variation explained by SNPs was larger than that explained by SSRs. The gene flow of 93 samples used in this study was larger than that of naturally self-pollinated crops, which may be caused by long-term breeding selection of Indica rice in the Qinba region. The genetic structure of the 93 samples was simple and lacked rare alleles.
Non-Hermitian Skin Custers from Strong Interactions
Authors: Lee Ching Hua , Shen Ruizhe 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Strong, non-perturbative interactions often lead to new exciting physics, as epitomized by emergent anyons from the Fractional Quantum hall effect. Within the actively investigated domain of non-Hermitian physics, we discover a new family of states known as non-Hermitian skin clusters. Taking distinct forms as Vertex, Topological, Interface, Extended and Localized skin clusters, they generically originate from asymmetric correlated hoppings on a lattice, in the strongly interacting limit with quenched single-body energetics. Distinct from non-Hermitian skin modes which accumulate at boundaries, our skin clusters are predominantly translation invariant particle clusters. As purely interacting phenomena, they fall outside the purview of generalized Brillouin zone analysis, although our effective lattice formulation provides alternative analytic and topological characterization. Non-Hermitian skin clusters fundamentally originate from the fragmentation structure of the Hilbert space, and may thus be of significant interest in modern many-body contexts like the ETH and quantum scars.
A Single Injection of Pregabalin Induces Short- and Long-Term Beneficial Effects on Fear Memory and Anxiety-Like Behavior in Rats with Experimental Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus.
Authors: Silva Alvaro Henrique Bernardo de Lima , Radulski Debora Rasec , Pereira Gabriela , Acco Alexandra , Zanoveli Janaína Menezes 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Anxiety Disorders and Posttraumatic Stress Disorders (PTSD) associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) are increasingly common comorbidities and the treatment is quite challenging. In that sense, evidence indicates that the anticonvulsant pregabalin is highly effective in treating severe cases of anxiety, as well as PTSD and diabetic neuropathic pain which is also very prevalent in T1DM. Herein, the short- and long-term effects of a single injection of pregabalin on the acquisition of a fear extinction memory and parameters of anxiety in induced-T1DM animals were investigated. For that, we used the contextual fear conditioning (CFC) and elevated plus maze (EPM) paradigms, respectively. A putative antioxidant activity was also evaluated. Our findings demonstrated that induced-T1DM animals presented greater expression of fear memory, difficulty in extinguishing this fear memory, associated with a more pronounced anxiety-like response. Pregabalin was able to induce a short and long-lasting effect by facilitating the acquisition of the fear extinction memory and inducing a later anxiolytic-like effect. Also, the increased lipid peroxidation levels in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of induced-T1DM rats were reduced after pregabalin injection, while the decreased levels of reduced glutathione were increased in the hippocampus. Despite the need for more studies to understand the mechanism of action of pregabalin under these conditions, our data demonstrate for the first time that a single injection of pregabalin in a specific time window was able to improve behavioral parameters in addition to inducing neuroprotective effect. Thus, pregabalin has potential worth exploring for the treatment of PTSD and/or Anxiety associated with T1DM.
Anticancer Potential of Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles Using Bioactive Metabolites of Actinobacteria Against A549 Lung Cancer Cells
Authors: Bano Naushin , Siddiqui Saba , Hasan Adria , Amir Mohammad , Mir Snober S , Baker Abu , Roohi Roohi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Multi-drug resistance microorganisms and the rising numbers of cancer cases possess a critical threat to humankind, thereby motivating research on new weapons to combat the problem. To address these issues, researchers are now focusing on secondary metabolites produced by bacteria. Because of having outstanding antibiotic capabilities, actinobacteria are being explored as a potential solution to this problem. Silver nanoparticles of actinobacteria are green, eco-friendly, and cost-effective, as well as having antibacterial and anti-cancer properties and potential use in pharmaceuticals. Antibacterial potential of secondary metabolites produced by actinobacteria namely Microbacterium proteolyticum LA2(R) and Streptomyces rochei LA2(O) has been demonstrated by the well diffusion method. GC-MS was used to detect compounds in bioactive metabolites. The most abundant compound found in metabolites was n-hexadecanoic acid. UV-Vis spectroscopy was used to determine the extracellular development of silver nanoparticles of actinobacteria secondary metabolites, while transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to inspect their morphological appearances, stability, crystalline structure, and coating. The activity of anticancer was assessed using the MTT test to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the secondar metabolites (pure and nanoparticles) against A549 lung cancer cells. We also evaluated the effect of secondar metabolites (pure and nanoparticles) on Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and Chromatin condensation through DCFDA, Mito Tracker and DAPI staining. Our result suggested that their secondary metabolites can be used a potential lead compound against cancer. However, more investigation is needed to totally grasp their mechanism of action.
Antibacterial Action and Target Mechanisms of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Against Bacterial Pathogens
Authors: Mendes Carolina Rosai , Dilarri Guilherme , Forsan Carolina Froes , Sapata Vinícius de Moraes Ruy , Lopes Paulo Renato Matos , de Moraes Peterson Bueno , Montagnolli Renato Nallin , Ferreira Henrique , Bidoia Ederio Dino 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are one of the most widely used nanoparticulate materials due to their antimicrobial properties, but their main mechanism of action (MOA) has not been fully elucidated. The study characterized ZnO NPs using X-ray diffraction, FT-IR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Antimicrobial activity of clinically bacteria Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was evaluated by REMA after exposure to the ZnO NP at concentrations from 0.2 to 1.4 mM. Sensitivity was achieved at 0.6 mM for the Gram-negatives and 1.0 mM for Gram-positives cells. The effect of ZnO NPs on the membrane integrity and in the interference of cell division was investigated by its effect on the divisional ring, through fluorescence microscopy assays using B. subtilis (amy::pspac-ftsZ-gfpmut1) expressing FtsZ-GFP. Results showed that ZnO NPs did not interfere with the assembly of the divisional Z-ring. However, 70% of the cells showed damage in the cytoplasmic membrane after 15 min of exposure to the ZnO NPs. Electrostatic forces, production of Zn2+ ions, generation of reactive oxygen species were described as pathways of bactericidal action by ZnO. Thus, understanding bactericidal MOA can produce predictive models to prevent bacterial resistance and lead to further research.
Synthesis and Characterization of Dual-Ion-Crosslinked Magnetic Sodium Alginate-Based Fe-SA-Y@Fe3O4 Biogel Composite with Ultrastrong Performance for Azo Dye Removal
Authors: Li Beigang , Lv Ting , Shen Yanlong 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Magnetic sodium alginate(SA)-based biogel composite Fe-SA-Y@Fe3O4 macroparticles were polymerized by co-crosslinking of yttrium(III) and iron(III) ions according to the optimized preparation conditions and characterized by various modern analytical techniques. The results show that the biogel beads have unique cauliflower-shaped surface and sensitive magnetic response. Fe-SA-Y@Fe3O4 composite was used for the removal of Direct Red 13 (DR 13) and Direct Black 19 (DB 19) dyes from water. The adsorption capacities and removal efficiency can reach 2487 mg/g and 99.5% for DR-13 and 2992 mg/g and 99.7% for DB-19 respectively within the equilibrium time of 60 min at 298K and pH 2.0, and decrease slightly with pH up to 10.0. The kinetic and equilibrium adsorption data followed the Pseudo-second-order rate model and Langmuir isothermal model well, respectively. Electrostatic adsorption, various H-bonding and complexation were largely involved in dye adsorption processes with spontaneous and exothermic character by the biogel beads, which were explained by thermodynamic studies, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), respectively. Fe-SA-Y@Fe3O4 gel composite with ultrahigh adsorption capacity and fast magnetic separation property will be a promising eco-friendly bio-based adsorbent for the superefficient purification of practical azo-dye effluents.
Investigating The Lived Experience of People With Diabetic Foot Ulcers Receiving Podiatry Care in a Tertiary Hospital Clinic
Authors: Ong Emilee Kim Ming , Fryer Caroline , Graham Kristin , Causby Ryan Scott 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background:

Diabetic foot ulcers can have physical, social, emotional, and financial impacts on the daily life and wellbeing of many people living with diabetes. Effective treatment of diabetic foot ulcers requires a multi-faceted, multi-disciplinary approach involving a podiatrist, other healthcare professionals, and the person with diabetes however, limited research has been conducted on the lived experience of managing a diabetic foot ulcer with podiatry treatment. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the lived experience of receiving podiatric treatment for diabetic foot ulcers in a tertiary care outpatient setting.
Methods:

Participants with diabetic foot ulcers were purposively recruited from the outpatient podiatry clinic at a tertiary hospital in a metropolitan region of South Australia. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to gain insight into the lived experience of people receiving podiatric treatment for their foot ulcer. Data were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis method.
Results:

Ten participants were interviewed. All were male, with mean age of 69 (SD 15) years and currently undergoing podiatric treatment for a diabetic foot ulcer in a tertiary care setting. Four themes were identified that provide an understanding of the lived experience of participants: ‘Trusting the podiatrists with the right expertise’, ‘Personalised information’, ‘Happy with the service, not the equipment’, and ‘It’s a long journey’. Participants perceived professional behaviour and demonstrated expertise as key to trusting a podiatrist’s care. Information tailored to individual needs was helpful for participants. Offloading devices and ulcer dressings were often burdensome. Podiatric treatment for foot ulcers was a lengthy and onerous experience for all participants.
Conclusions:

The findings of this study suggest podiatrists can use practical strategies of maintaining consistency in who provides podiatry care for the person, demonstration of high organisational and hygiene standards, and using innovation to adapt information and equipment to suit an individual’s lifestyle to support positive experiences of podiatric ulcer care. There is a need for further research to understand how a person’s experience of podiatric ulcer treatment differs between genders and healthcare settings to facilitate positive care experiences and reduce treatment burden for all people with diabetes requiring podiatric ulcer treatment.
Inhibition of Post-Surgery Tumour Recurrence via a Sprayable Chemoimmunotherapy Gel Releasing PD-L1 Antibody and Platelet-Derived Exosomes
Authors: Zhao Jian , Ye Hao , Lu Qi , Wang Kaiyuan , Chen Xiaofeng , Song Jiaxuan , Wang Helin , Lu Yutong , Cheng Maosheng , He Zhonggui , Zhai Yinglei , Zhang Haotian , Sun Jin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Melanoma is the most serious type of skin cancer, and surgery is an effective method to treat melanoma. Unfortunately, local residual micro-infiltrated tumour cells and systemic circulating tumour cells (CTCs) are significant causes of treatment failure, leading to tumour recurrence and metastasis. Methods: Exosomes were isolated from platelets by differential centrifugation, and exosome-loaded doxorubicin (PexD) was prepared by mixing exosomes with doxorubicin (DOX). PexD and an anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody (aPD-L1) were coencapsulated in fibrin gel. The synergistic antitumour efficacy of the gel containing PexD and aPD-L1 was assessed both in vitro and in vivo. Results: Herein, we developed an in situ-formed bioresponsive gel combined with chemoimmunotherapeutic agents as a drug reservoir that could effectively inhibit both local tumour recurrence and tumour metastasis. In comparison with a DOX solution, PexD could better bind to tumour cells, induce more tumour immunogenic cell death (ICD) and promote a stronger antitumour immune response. PexD could enter the blood circulation through damaged blood vessels to track and eliminate CTCs. The concurrent release of aPD-L1 at the tumour site could impair the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway and restore the tumour-killing effect of cytotoxic T cells. This chemoimmunotherapeutic strategy triggered relatively strong T cell immune responses, significantly improving the tumour immune microenvironment. Conclusion: Our findings indicated that the immunotherapeutic fibrin gel could “awaken” the host innate immune system to inhibit both local tumour recurrence postsurgery and metastatic potential, thus, it could serve as a promising approach to prevent tumour recurrence.
Low Back Pain Effects, Management and Coping Strategies among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic in Eastern Uganda: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Authors: ZAVUGA Robert , Waako Susan , Twimukye Moses , Mugambe Richard K , Isunju John Bosco , Muwonge Haruna , Masete Ivan , Kusasira Stephen , Guwatudde David 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background

Despite Low back pain (LBP) being one of the most common complaints among pregnant women, healthcare workers write it off as a normal experience of the pregnancy, thus remaining untreated. It is known to affect the daily functionality of many pregnant women in activities including those that involve sitting, walking, standing and lifting. The inadequacy of information on LBP among pregnant women in Uganda may have led to the unavailability of obstetric guidelines for its diagnosis and management. This study established the effects of LBP effects on daily performance, management and coping strategies among pregnant women attending an antenatal clinic in Eastern Uganda.
Methods

This was a cross-sectional study that enrolled 341 pregnant women attending antenatal care. The primary outcome measure was LBP. The study enrolled pregnant women who reported having LBP and correctly located the site of the pain using the pain and body chart as having LBP. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, pain intensity, functional disability, effects of LBP on daily performance, management and coping strategies were collected.
Results

Of the 341 respondents, (105, 30.8%) reported LBP. Majority of the women with LBP (71, 67.6%) had minimal disability with an Owestry Disability Index (ODI) score of 0-20%. The activities that were most affected with mild interference on daily routine activities were lifting 81%, standing 74%, personal care 74% and traveling 74%. Majority of the respondents (80, 76.19%) reported their LBP during the Antenatal care (ANC) visits at the hospital and of these 62 (79.49%) were given painkillers, 13 (16.67%) received counselling and patient education, 3 (3.85%). For the respondents who did not receive any treatment from the ANC visits, the majority (23, 60.53%) used herbs and others used self-medication (5, 13.16%)
Conclusion

LBP affects most of the daily functional activities of pregnant women with minimal and moderate disability. Although the disability is not severe, it affects their quality of life and productivity. The pregnant women managed their LBP mainly by conservative means of treatment, especially by the use of pharmacological management and rest from activities.
Microbial Communities of Ascocarps and Soils in a Natural Habitat of Tuber Indicum
Authors: Wang Deyuan , Xu Qiang , Guo Wenjiao , Wu Fanlin , Chen Juan , Liu Peigui , Tian Wei , Qiao Peng 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Truffles are the fruiting bodies of hypogeous fungi in the genus Tuber. Some truffle species usually grow in an area devoid of vegetation, called brûlé, which knowledge about the microbial composition and structure is still limited. Here, we investigated the bacterial and fungal communities of Tuber indicum ascocarps and soils inside and outside a characteristic brûlé from a poplar plantation with no truffle production history in northeastern China using a high-throughput sequencing approach. A predominance of bacterial phylum Proteobacteria was observed in all samples, with Bacillus among the main genera in the ascocarps, while members of Lysobacter and unidentified Acidobacteria were more abundant in the soil. In addition, Gibberella, Fusarium and Absidia were the dominant fungi in the ascocarps, while Tuber were enriched in the ascocarps and soils inside the brûlé. Soil samples from inside the brûlé had a lower bacterial diversity and a greater fungal diversity than did those from outside the brûlé. Furthermore, some mycorrhization helper bacteria (Rhizobium) and ectomycorrhiza-associated bacteria (Lysobacter) were detected, indicating their potential roles in the complex development of underground fruiting bodies and brûlé formation. These findings may contribute to the protection and cultivation of truffles.