bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A “Phoenix” rising from the ashes: China’s Tongqi, marriage fraud, and resistance
Authors: Tsang Eileen Y. H. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThere are significant numbers of women in China who have inadvertently married closeted gay men. Women in China who unwittingly marry closeted gay men are known as Tongqi (同妻), and these women often discover their husband's secret only after giving birth to fulfill filial obligations. These women taken into this “marriage fraud” are initially unaware of their husbands’ sexual orientation. Because China's divorce law favors men, even if the wife files for divorce, the husband often wins custody of children. The tendency to blame the woman who have unwittingly married gay men extends even to the woman's own immediate families. These women suffer heightened risk of not only physical death from AIDS and other diseases, but also psychological death through the loss of physical mobility, alienation of kin, and death of their heterosexual marriage identity. This article extends necropolitics to the social death situations of 12 educated and 47 low‐educated Tongqi and reveals how they resist and overcome their circumstances. Tongqi are the women who have unwittingly married gay men of violations involving their own marriage, but they are not simply waiting for death. Taking an ethnographical approach, this work uses the social death concept of necropolitics to provide understanding of how marriage and gender laws perpetuate these dysfunctional unions.
Structural Characteristics and its Significances on Hydrocarbon Accumulation in the Yunkai Low Uplift, Pearl River Mouth Basin
Authors: YU Yixin , ZHANG Tianlong , ZHANG Zhongtao , ZHANG Gongcheng , ZENG Jianhui , YANG Haizhang , ZHAO Zhao , LIANG Weiwei 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe Yunkai low uplift with low exploration degree is close to the Baiyun sag, and has hydrocarbon exploration potential in the deepwater area of the Pearl River Mouth Basin. Based on seismic and drilling data, balanced profiles and growth strata, this paper mainly discusses geological structures and formation processes of the Yunkai low uplift, and also analyzes the characteristics of fault system and their influence on hydrocarbon migration and accumulation. The EW‐trending basement faults divide the Yunkai low uplift into two parts, i.e. the southern sector and the northern sector. The northern sector is a relatively wide and gentle uplift, while the southern sector is composed of two secondary half‐grabens with faulting in the south and overlapping in the north. The Yunkai low uplift experienced three major formation stages, including the rapid uplifting stage during the deposition period of the Eocene Wenchang Formation, the slow uplifting stage during the deposition period of the Late Eocene‐Middle Miocene Enping‐Hanjiang formations, and the whole burial stage from the Middle Miocene to present. The extensional faults in the Yunkai low uplift and its adjacent areas strike mainly along the NW, NWW and near‐EW directions. Also, the strikes of faults present a clockwise rotation from the deep to the shallow strata. According to effects of faults on hydrocarbon accumulation, the faults in the Yunkai low uplift and its adjacent areas can be divided into trap‐controlled faults and source‐controlled faults. The trap‐controlled faults control trap development and can effectively seal oil and gas. The source‐controlled faults connect directly source rocks and reservoirs, which are highly active during the rifting stage and weakly active since the Miocene. This activity features of the source‐controlled faults is beneficial to migration of the early crude oil from the Baiyun sag to the high part of the Yunkai low uplift, but is not good for migration of the late natural gas. In the Yunkai low uplift and its adjacent areas, the traps in the deep Zhuhai and Enping formations that are close to source rocks in the Baiyun sag should be the favorable exploration objectives.
Geochemical Characteristics and Sedimentary Control of Pinghu Formation (Eocene) Coal‐bearing Source Rocks in Xihu Depression, East China Sea Basin
Authors: SHEN Yulin , QIN Yong , CUI Min , XIE Guoliang , GUO Yinghai , QU Zhenghui , YANG Tianyang , YANG Liu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCoal‐bearing source rocks of the Pinghu Formation in the Xihu Depression comprise an important material basis of oil and gas resources in the East China Sea Basin. Based on drilling core observation results combined with the analysis and test results of macerals, trace/rare earth elements, and rock pyrolysis, the geochemical characteristics and sedimentary control of coal‐bearing source rocks formation are discussed in a high‐frequency sequence framework. The results indicate that the macerals composition of the coal‐bearing source rocks of the Eocene Pinghu Formation in the Xihu Depression is dominated by vitrinite, with low‐medium abundance of exinite and almost no inertinite. The coals and carbonaceous mudstones display higher amounts of total organic carbon (TOC) (14.90%–65.10%), S1 + S2 (39.24–136.52 mg/g), and IH (191–310 HC/g TOC) respectively, as compared to the mudstones. Organic matter is plotted in type III kerogens and partially in type II; it is mainly in the low maturity stage. The trace elements results imply that the samples were deposited in a weakly reducing to weakly oxidizing environment and were occasionally affected by seawater. The coal‐bearing source rocks were deposited in a relatively oxygen‐containing environment. The coal‐bearing source rocks development is jointly controlled by the coal accumulation environment, the water conditions affected by ocean currents in offshore basins in China, oxidation–reduction cycles of aqueous media and paleoclimate evolution in a high‐frequency sequence framework.
Distribution, Seismic Characteristics and Controlling Factors of Carbonate Platforms on the Northwestern Margin of the South China Sea
Authors: LI Lin , WANG Bin , YANG Taotao , YANG Zhili , LI Li , LU Yintao , WANG Xuefeng , WU Jingwu , SUN Guozhong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNewly‐acquired seismic data reveal widespread carbonate deposits covering a large part of the northwestern South China Sea margin. Three carbonate platforms are identified to have developed on the topographic highs inherited from tectonic deformation and volcanic accretion. Across the carbonate platforms, the Miocene strata are characterized by high‐amplitude seismic reflections and distinct platform architecture that overlaps older strata. The Guangle and Xisha carbonate platforms grew on faulted blocks due to South China Sea continental rifting, while the Zhongjian carbonate platform developed on a structural high induced by early Miocene volcanism. During the late Miocene, partial drowning resulted in the inhibition of platform growth, eventual platform drowning and termination of most carbonate deposition. The drowning of the Guangle and Zhongjian carbonate platforms is shown by the supply of siliciclastic sediments during the late Miocene and seems to be closely linked to late Neogene volcanic activity, whilst the drowning of the Xisha carbonate platform is primarily related to relative eustatic changes. Our results imply that tectonic activity, volcanism and eustasy are the dominant controls on the evolution of carbonate platforms on the northwestern margin of the South China Sea.
Genesis and Characteristics of Miocene Deep‐water Clastic Rocks in Yinggehai and Qiongdongnan Basins, Northern South China Sea
Authors: FAN Caiwei , XU Changgui , XU Jie 
Published: January 2021

AbstractVarious deep‐water deposits developed in the Yinggehai Basin and Qiongdongnan Basin (Ying‐Qiong Basin) in the northern South China Sea, making the two basins significantly hydrocarbon‐producing areas and ideal for studying the genetic mechanism and sedimentary characteristics of deep‐water clastic rocks. Using cores, image well logging, heavy mineral assemblages, and seismic data, we thoroughly studied the geometry, tectonic background, driving mechanism, and source‐to‐sink process of deep‐water deposits in the study area. The results showed that: (1) there were five genetic mechanisms of deep‐water clastic rock, i.e., slides, slumps, debris flows, turbidity currents, and bottom currents. (2) The sliding deposits were distributed from the delta front to the continental slope toe. The slumping deposits were mainly distributed at the continental slope toe or the basin's central area, far from the delta front. The turbidity deposits were widely developed in the deep‐water area, but with huge differences in thickness. The bottom currents mainly reworked previous deposits far from the slope. (3) Slip and extension along the preexisting fault zone were the main structural factors that drive the axial channel formation at the slope foot. (4) The sand‐rich gravity sediment flows in the Ying‐Qiong basin were primarily caused by the direct supply of terrigenous debris into the marine environment over the slope break.
Automated classification of avian vocal activity using acoustic indices in regional and heterogeneous datasets
Authors: Yip Daniel A. , Mahon C. Lisa , MacPhail Alexander G. , Bayne Erin M. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Acoustic indices combined with clustering and classification approaches have been increasingly used to automate identification of the presence of vocalizing taxa or acoustic events of interest. While most studies using this approach standardize data collection and study design parameters at the project or study level, recent trends in ecological research are to investigate patterns at regional or continental scales. Large‐scale studies often require collaboration between research groups and integration of data from multiple sources to fulfil objectives, which can lead to variation in recording equipment and data collection protocols.

Our objectives were to determine how analytical approaches and variation in data collection and processing that is typical of regional acoustic monitoring programmes influences accuracy when identifying vocal activity in breeding birds. We used data from three regional datasets in Northern Alberta, Northern British Columbia, and Southern and Central Yukon, Canada to investigate the effect of analytical framework, sample size, local species richness and data collection variables on classification accuracy.

We found supervised classification approaches to be the most effective, with boosted regression trees identifying vocalizations of breeding birds in audio recordings with a 92.0% accuracy and easily able to accommodate variation in data collection and processing parameters. We also provide recommendations on effectively processing large and heterogeneous datasets including sufficient sample size, accommodating potentially confounding variables and selecting suitable model training data.

The results presented in this study can help inform decisions in data collection, data processing, and study design and analysis, maximize performance and accuracy during analysis, and efficiently process large, heterogeneous acoustic datasets to answer questions at scales previously difficult to investigate.
Large‐scale, image‐based tree species mapping in a tropical forest using artificial perceptual learning
Authors: Tang Chengliang , Uriarte María , Jin Helen , C. Morton Douglas , Zheng Tian 
Published: January 2021

AbstractInformation about the spatial distribution of species lies at the heart of many important questions in ecology. Logistical limitations and collection biases, however, limit the availability of such data at ecologically relevant scales. Remotely sensed information can alleviate some of these concerns, but presents challenges associated with accurate species identification and limited availability of field data for validation, especially in high diversity ecosystems such as tropical forests.Recent advances in machine learning offer a promising and cost‐efficient approach for gathering a large amount of species distribution data from aerial photographs. Here, we propose a novel machine learning framework, artificial perceptual learning (APL), to tackle the problem of weakly supervised pixel‐level mapping of tree species in forests. Challenges arise from limited availability of ground labels for tree species, lack of precise segmentation of tree canopies and misalignment between visible canopies in the aerial images and stem locations associated with ground labels. The proposed APL framework addresses these challenges by constructing a workflow using state‐of‐the‐art machine learning algorithms.We develop and illustrate the proposed framework by implementing a fine‐grain mapping of three species, the palmPrestoea acuminataand the tree speciesCecropia schreberianaandManilkara bidentata, over a 5,000‐ha area of El Yunque National Forest in Puerto Rico. These large‐scale maps are based on unlabelled high‐resolution aerial images of unsegmented tree canopies. Misaligned ground‐based labels, available for <1% of these images, serve as the only weak supervision. APL performance is evaluated using ground‐based labels and high‐quality human segmentation using Amazon Mechanical Turk, and compared to a basic workflow that relies solely on labelled images.Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and Intersection over Union (IoU) metrics demonstrate that APL substantially outperforms the basic workflow and attains human‐level cognitive economy, with 50‐fold time savings. For the palm andC. schreberiana, the APL framework has high pixelwise accuracy and IoU with reference to human segmentations. ForM.bidentata, APL predictions are congruent with ground‐based labels. Our approach shows great potential for leveraging existing data from global forest plot networks coupled with aerial imagery to map tree species at ecologically meaningful spatial scales.
Mechanism and prognostic indicators for explosion‐related eye trauma: eye injury vitrectomy study
Authors: Feng Kang , Yao Yi , Wang Zhi‐Jun , Nie Hong‐Ping , Pang Xiu‐Qin , Chen Hui‐Jin , Jiang Yan‐Rong , Hu Yun‐Tao , Ma Zhi‐Zhong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPurposeTo explore the clinical features, surgical interventions and prognosis of injured eyes following explosion and to develop the risk factors for poor prognosis.MethodsA nested case–control study. To the date of 31 December 2018, 99 explosion‐related eye globes were selected from the Eye Injury Vitrectomy Study database, which is a multicenter prospective cohort study and began in 1990s. All cases selected underwent vitreoretinal surgery or enucleation and were followed up for at least 6 months. Clinically meaningful preoperative variables and outcomes were used to develop logistic regression models.ResultsThe unfavourable outcomes were defined as silicone oil‐filled eyes, phthisis bulbi, enucleation and anatomically restored eyes whose final BCVA is worse than initial vision after 6 months of follow‐up. The proportion of unfavourable outcomes was 92.0%, 60.9% and 66.7% in large festive fireworks, detonator and beer bottle groups respective. The anatomic and visual outcome of injured eyes with combined injury of blast wave and projectile were worse than that of ruptured eyes (Fisher's exact = 0.041). The extrusion of iris/lens (OR = 3.20, p = 0.015), PVR‐C (OR = 6.08, p = 0.036) and choroid damage (OR = 5.84, p = 0.025) is independent risk factors of unfavourable prognosis for explosion‐related eye trauma.ConclusionThe extrusion of iris/lens, PVR‐C and choroid damage is the independent risk factors for unfavourable outcomes in explosion‐related eye trauma. There is a unique injury mechanism in explosion‐related eye trauma.Summary StatementThrough the nested case‐control study, the extrusion of iris/lens, PVR‐C, and choroid damage are the independent risk factors for unfavorable outcomes in explosion‐related eye trauma. The mechanism of open globe mixture and close globe mixture in explosion‐related eye trauma need more cases and participating units to explore together in the future.
The panel of syntaxin 1 and insulinoma‐associated protein 1 outperforms classic neuroendocrine markers in pulmonary neuroendocrine neoplasms
Authors: Zombori Tamás , Turkevi‐Nagy Sándor , Sejben Anita , Juhász‐Nagy Gréta , Cserni Gábor , Furák József , Tiszlavicz László , Krenács László , Kővári Bence 
Published: January 2021

Syntaxin‐1 (STX1) is a recently described highly sensitive and specific neuroendocrine marker. We evaluated the applicability of STX1 as an immunohistochemical marker in pulmonary neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs). We compared STX1 with established neuroendocrine markers, including insulinoma‐associated protein 1 (INSM1). Typical carcinoids (n = 33), atypical carcinoids (n = 7), small cell lung carcinomas ([SCLCs] n = 30), and large cell neuroendocrine lung carcinomas (n = 17) were immunostained using tissue microarray for STX1, chromogranin A, synaptophysin, CD56, and INSM1. Eighty‐four of eighty‐seven (96.5%) NENs showed STX1 positivity. Carcinoids and LCNECs typically presented a combined strong membranous and weak cytoplasmic staining pattern; cytoplasmic expression was predominately observed in SCLCs. The sensitivity of STX1 was 90% in SCLCs and 100% in typical carcinoids, atypical carcinoids, and large cell neuroendocrine lung carcinomas. The overall sensitivity of STX1 in pulmonary NENs was 96.6%, and the sensitivity of the other markers was as follows: chromogranin A (85.2%), synaptophysin (85.2%), CD56 (92.9%), and INSM1 (97.7%). STX1 was found to be an excellent neuroendocrine marker of pulmonary NENs, with sensitivity and specificity surpassing that of classic markers. We propose a panel of STX1 and INSM1 for the routine immunohistochemical workup of pulmonary NENs.
The effect of leucaena hay as a source of effective fibre and nutrients in diets with forage palm for finishing sheep in semi‐arid regions
Authors: Moreira Antonia L. , Alves Arnaud A. , Araújo Daniel L. C. , Moreira Filho Miguel A. , Costa Jandson V. , Azevêdo Danielle M. M. R. , Parente Henrique N. , Alves Fabiana C. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe present study was conducted to evaluate the intake, digestibility and nitrogen balance of diets for finishing sheep, containing leucaena hay as a source of effective fibre and forage palm. Twenty‐one male sheep were used in a randomized block design with three treatments, represented by total diets, where the forage was leucaena hay and forage palm in natura in proportions 350:650, 450:550 and 550:450 g/kg respectively. For the pH and NH3‐N in the ruminal fluid, and urea in the blood serum, plots split in time were adopted. Dry matter and nutrient digestibility, and the nitrogen balance were not influenced (p > .05) by the diets. The neutral detergent fibre digestibility decreased (p < .05) as the proportions of leucaena hay in the diets increased. The pH and NH3‐N were suitable for ruminal fermentation, and blood urea was maintained under normal physiological conditions for sheep. Combining 350 to 550 g/kg of leucaena hay with 450 to 650 g/kg of forage palm in total diets with a forage:concentrate ratio of 60:40 in late‐maturing sheep meets the nutritional requirements for daily gain 200 g, characterizing leucaena hay as important source of effective fibre and nutrients in diets.
A Developmental Eye Tracking Investigation of Cued Task Switching Performance
Authors: Zheng Annie , Church Jessica A. 
Published: January 2021

Children perform worse than adults on tests of cognitive flexibility, which is a component of executive function. To assess what aspects of a cognitive flexibility task (cued switching) children have difficulty with, investigators tested where eye gaze diverged over age. Eye‐tracking was used as a proxy for attention during the preparatory period of each trial in 48 children ages 8–16 years and 51 adults ages 18–27 years. Children fixated more often and longer on the cued rule, and made more saccades between rule and response options. Behavioral performance correlated with gaze location and saccades. Mid‐adolescents were similar to adults, supporting the slow maturation of cognitive flexibility. Lower preparatory control and associated lower cognitive flexibility task performance in development may particularly relate to rule processing.
Single versus two‐implant mandibular overdentures using early‐loaded titanium‐zirconium implants with hydrophilic surface and ball attachments: 1‐year randomized clinical trial
Authors: de Resende Gabriela Pereira , Jordão Lídia Moraes Ribeiro , de Souza João Antônio Chaves , Schimmel Martin , Leles Cláudio Rodrigues 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis randomized clinical trial aimed to compare the outcomes of the mandibular overdenture retained by one (1‐IOD) or two (2‐IOD) implants.Materials and methodsParticipants received new complete dentures, were assessed at baseline and randomly assigned to groups. Early loaded single midline implant (1‐IOD) or two implants in the canine regions bilaterally (2‐IOD). Ball attachments were used for overdenture retention. Post‐treatment outcomes (6‐ and 12‐month follow‐ups) included patient satisfaction, oral health‐related quality of life measures, and chewing function. Data analysis included within‐ and between‐group comparisons, and Generalized Estimating Equations. Both superiority and non‐inferiority hypotheses were tested.ResultsForty‐seven participants were included (1‐IOD = 23; 2‐IOD = 24). Significant improvements in OHIP‐Edent were observed after insertion of new dentures and at the 1‐year follow‐up compared with baseline. No differences were found between the 1‐ and 2‐IOD groups for the OHIP‐Edent and QoLFAST scores. Patient satisfaction with the mandibular denture improved significantly from baseline to the 6‐month follow‐up and remained unaltered until 1 year, with no differences between groups. The magnitudes of treatment effect sizes were moderate to large for patient‐reported outcomes. Progressive improvement in chewing function occurred in both groups. Non‐inferiority testing based on a 15% non‐inferiority margin showed inconclusive results for patient‐reported outcomes, whilst chewing function in the 1‐IOD group was concluded to be not inferior to the 2‐IOD group.ConclusionsResults support the use of both 1‐ and 2‐IOD. The 1‐IOD was also an acceptable alternative to the 2‐IOD as a secondary option for the treatment of the edentulous mandible.