bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ruthenium (II)‐Coordinated Supramolecular Metallodrug Complex Realizing Oxygen Self‐Supply In Situ for Overcoming Hypoxic Tumors
Authors: Liu Chengfei , Li Muqiong , Li Pengxiang , Bai Yang , Pang Jun , Fan Li , Tian Wei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTumor hypoxia greatly limits the antitumor therapeutic efficacy of oxygen (O2)‐dependent treatments. The common strategies of doping O2 generating compounds into one “package” may lead to insufficient O2 supply in situ in cancer cells due to the relatively low loading content, limited reproducibility, and uncontrollable release kinetics. Herein, organometallic drug complexes combined with a supramolecular interaction strategy are proposed to realize a stable and efficient O2 self‐supply in situ for overcoming hypoxic tumors. A ruthenium (II)‐coordinated supramolecular metallodrug complex (RuSMDC) is first designed and synthesized via host–guest interactions between two functionalized drug molecules, in which ruthenium is used to catalyze the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to produce O2. The obtained RuSMDC further self‐assembles into Ru‐containing supramolecular metallodrug micelles (RuSMDMs), which provides sufficient O2 for chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy (PDT) oncotherapy in an anaerobic tumor environment. In vitro and in vivo studies further confirm that RuSMDMs effectively alleviate the tumor hypoxic environment, greatly improve the therapeutic effect of chemotherapy and PDT oncotherapy, and reduce the systemic toxicity to normal organs.
Constructing All‐Inorganic Perovskite/Fluoride Nanocomposites for Efficient and Ultra‐Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wei Youchao , Zhao Yao , Liu Caiping , Wang Zhaoyu , Jiang Feilong , Liu Yongsheng , Zhao Qing , Yu Dapeng , Hong Maochun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOrganic‐inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have rapidly developed over the past decade and have achieved the latest certified power conversion efficiency (PCE) up to 25.5%. However, unsatisfactory long‐term operational stability for these hybrid PSCs remains a huge obstacle to further development and commercialization. Herein, a unique hetero‐structured CsPbI3/CaF2 perovskite/fluoride nanocomposites (PFNCs) is fabricated via a newly developed facile two‐step hetero‐epitaxial growth strategy to deliver efficient and ultra‐stable PSCs. After being incorporated into the crystal lattice of α‐phase CsPbI3 perovskite, the cubic‐phase CaF2 in the resultant CsPbI3/CaF2 PFNCs can not only passivate the intrinsic defects of CsPbI3 perovskite itself but also effectively suppress the notorious ion migration in hybrid perovskite Cs0.05FA0.81MA0.14PbI2.55Br0.45 (CsFAMA) thin‐films of PSCs. As such, the CsFAMA PSC devices based on CsPbI3/CaF2‐deposited perovskite thin‐film achieve a mean PCE of 20.45%, in sharp contrast to 19.33% of the control devices without deposition. Specifically, the CsPbI3/CaF2‐deposited PSC retains 85% of its original PCE after 1000 h continuous operation at the maximum power point under AM 1.5G solar light, far better than those of the control and CsPbI3‐deposited PSCs with a device T85 lifetime of 315 and 125 h, respectively.
An Injectable Meta‐Biomaterial: From Design and Simulation to In Vivo Shaping and Tissue Induction
Authors: Béduer Amélie , Bonini Fabien , Verheyen Connor A. , Genta Martina , Martins Mariana , Brefie‐Guth Joé , Tratwal Josefine , Filippova Aleksandra , Burch Patrick , Naveiras Olaia , Braschler Thomas 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA novel type of injectable biomaterial with an elastic softening transition is described. The material enables in vivo shaping, followed by induction of 3D stable vascularized tissue. The synthesis of the injectable meta‐biomaterial is instructed by extensive numerical simulation as a suspension of irregularly fragmented, highly porous sponge‐like microgels. The irregular particle shape dramatically enhances yield strain for in vivo stability against deformation. Porosity of the particles, along with friction between internal surfaces, provides the elastic softening transition. This emergent metamaterial property enables the material to reversibly change stiffness during deformation, allowing native tissue properties to be matched over a wide range of deformation amplitudes. After subcutaneous injection in mice, predetermined shapes can be sculpted manually. The 3D shape is maintained during excellent host tissue integration, with induction of vascular connective tissue that persists to the end of one‐year follow‐up. The geometrical design is compatible with many hydrogel materials, including cell‐adhesion motives for cell transplantation. The injectable meta‐biomaterial therefore provides new perspectives in soft tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Implementation of Highly Reliable and Energy Efficient in‐Memory Hamming Distance Computations in 1 Kb 1‐Transistor‐1‐Memristor Arrays
Authors: Lin Huai , Wu Zuheng , Liu Long , Wang Di , Zhao Xuefeng , Cheng Lingli , Lin Ya , Wang Zhongqiang , Xu Xiaoxin , Xu Haiyang , Liu Qi , Xing Guozhong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHighly efficient Hamming distance (HD) computations can significantly boost up modern data‐intensive algorithms. However, the traditional complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor devices configured circuits suffer from the huge power consumption with periphery complexity for HD computations. Herein, the implementation of highly reliable and energy efficient in‐memory HD computations in 1 Kb 1‐transistor‐1‐memristor (1T1M) TiN/HfOx/TaOx/TiN array chip is reported. 1T1M devices demonstrate a high on/off ratio of 50, high programming speed of 20 ns, and low energy consumption of 0.224 pJ bit−1. By modulating the 1T1M cell gate and source signal synergistically, the characteristic XOR operations of the binary information are executed in a reliable manner. Importantly, equipped with a stable low resistance state (LRS) distribution (coefficient of variation <11%), the developed 1T1M arrays can implement accurate HD computations between two 8‐bit strings and simultaneously store computing results in the memristors. The complementary studies demonstrate that the stable LRS is attributed to the TaOx built‐in compliance layer which facilitates the transistor surge current reduction during forming and SET, elaborating the significant potential for achieving reliable in‐memory HD computations. Such architecture manifests a 5‐ and 36.89‐fold enhancement of the processing latency and energy efficiency in comparison with latest reports, promoting the fan out of new in‐memory computing applications.
Efficient White Light Emission from Ga/Ga2O3 Hybrid Nanoparticles
Authors: Xiang Jin , Li Shulei , Sun Zhibo , Chen Jingdong , Chen Lei , Pangmai Mingcheng , Li Guangcan , Lan Sheng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGallium (Ga) emerges as a promising material in plasmonics mainly due to its extraordinary properties, such as changeable material phase, tunable plasmon resonances across the ultraviolet to near‐infrared spectral range, and remarkable chemical stability. Here, the efficient white light emission from gallium oxide (Ga2O3) nanoparticles doped with liquid Ga nanodots, which are fabricated by using a laser‐induced oxidation method is reported. The quantum efficiency of Ga/Ga2O3 hybrid nanoparticles is found to be ≈1.3%, which is nearly two orders of magnitude larger than that of liquid Ga nanoparticles. It is revealed that the existence of Schottky barrier and hotspots in Ga/Ga2O3 nanoparticles plays a crucial role in enhancing the quantum efficiency. As an example of practical applications, high‐quality optical data storage is demonstrated by exploiting the controllable formation of Ga/Ga2O3 nanoparticles on a platform of disordered Ga nanoislands. These results suggest the potential applications of Ga/Ga2O3 hybrid nanoparticles in the development of nanoscale light sources and data storage devices.
Quantum Dot Self‐Assembly Enables Low‐Threshold Lasing
Authors: Zhou Chun , M. Pina Joao , Zhu Tong , H. Parmar Darshan , Chang Hao , Yu Jie , Yuan Fanglong , Bappi Golam , Hou Yi , Zheng Xiaopeng , Abed Jehad , Chen Hao , Zhang Jian , Gao Yuan , Chen Bin , Wang Ya‐Kun , Chen Haijie , Zhang Tianju , Hoogland Sjoerd , Saidaminov Makhsud I. , Sun Liaoxin , Bakr Osman M. , Dong Hongxing , Zhang Long , H. Sargent Edward 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPerovskite quantum dots (QDs) are of interest for solution‐processed lasers; however, their short Auger lifetime has limited lasing operation principally to the femtosecond temporal regime the photoexcitation levels to achieve optical gain threshold are up to two orders of magnitude higher in the nanosecond regime than in the femtosecond. Here the authors report QD superlattices in which the gain medium facilitates excitonic delocalization to decrease Auger recombination and in which the macroscopic dimensions of the structures provide the optical feedback required for lasing. The authors develope a self‐assembly strategy that relies on sodiumd—an assembly director that passivates the surface of the QDs and induces self‐assembly to form ordered three‐dimensional cubic structures. A density functional theory model that accounts for the attraction forces between QDs allows to explain self‐assembly and superlattice formation. Compared to conventional organic‐ligand‐passivated QDs, sodium enables higher attractive forces, ultimately leading to the formation of micron‐length scale structures and the optical faceting required for feedback. Simultaneously, the decreased inter‐dot distance enabled by the new ligand enhances exciton delocalization among QDs, as demonstrated by the dynamically red‐shifted photoluminescence. These structures function as the lasing cavity and the gain medium, enabling nanosecond‐sustained lasing with a threshold of 25 µJ cm–2.
Bidirectional Planar Flexible Snake‐Origami Batteries
Authors: Li Na , Chen Haosen , Yang Shuangquan , Yang Heng , Jiao Shuqiang , Song Wei‐Li 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWith the rapid development of commercial flexible/wearable devices, flexible batteries have attracted great attention as optimal power sources. However, a combination of high energy density and excellent arbitrary deformation ability is still a critical challenge to satisfy practical applications. Inspired by rigid and soft features of chemical molecular structures, novel bidirectional flexible snake‐origami lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) with both high energy density and favorable flexibility are designed and fabricated. The flexible snake‐origami battery consists of rigid and soft segments, where the former is designed as the energy unit and the latter served as the deformation unit. With the unique features from such design, the as‐fabricated battery with calculating all the components exhibits a record‐setting energy density of 357 Wh L−1 (133 Wh kg−1), compared with the cell‐scale flexible LIBs achieved from both academic and industry. Additionally, a design principle is established to verify the validity of utilizing rigid‐soft‐coupled structure for enduring various deformations, and the intrinsic relationship between battery structure, energy density, and flexibility can be confirmed. The results suggest that the design principle and performance of bidirectional flexible snake‐origami batteries will provide a new reliable strategy for achieving high energy flexible batteries for wearable devices.
Green Light‐Triggered Intraocular Drug Release for Intravenous Chemotherapy of Retinoblastoma
Authors: Long Kaiqi , Yang Yang , Lv Wen , Jiang Kuan , Li Yafei , Lo Amy Cheuk Yin , Lam Wai Ching , Zhan Changyou , Wang Weiping 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRetinoblastoma is one of the most severe ocular diseases, of which current chemotherapy is limited to the repetitive intravitreal injections of chemotherapeutics. Systemic drug administration is a less invasive route; however, it is also less efficient for ocular drug delivery because of the existence of blood‐retinal barrier and systemic side effects. Here, a photoresponsive drug release system is reported, which is self‐assembled from photocleavable trigonal small molecules, to achieve light‐triggered intraocular drug accumulation. After intravenous injection of drug‐loaded nanocarriers, green light can trigger the disassembly of the nanocarriers in retinal blood vessels, which leads to intraocular drug release and accumulation to suppress retinoblastoma growth. This proof‐of‐concept study would advance the development of light‐triggered drug release systems for the intravenous treatment of eye diseases.
High Depth‐of‐Discharge Zinc Rechargeability Enabled by a Self‐Assembled Polymeric Coating
Authors: Arnot David J. , Lim Matthew B. , Bell Nelson S. , Schorr Noah B. , Hill Ryan C. , Meyer Andrew , Cheng Yang‐Tse , Lambert Timothy N. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractZinc has the potential for widespread use as an environmentally friendly and cost‐effective anode material pending the resolution of rechargeability issues caused by active material loss and shape change. Here, a self‐assembled Nafion‐coated Celgard 3501 (NC‐Celgard) separator is shown to enable unprecedented cycle life of a Zn anode in alkaline electrolyte at high depth‐of‐discharge (DODZn). Using commercially relevant energy‐dense electrodes with high areal capacities of 60 mAh cm–2, Zn–Ni cells tested at 20% DODZn cells achieve over 200 cycles while 50% DODZn cells achieve over 100 cycles before failure. The 20% and 50% DOD cells deliver an average of 132 and 180 Wh L–1 per cycle over their lifetime respectively. Rechargeability is attributed to the highly selective diffusion properties of the 300 nm thick negatively charged Nafion coating on the separator which prevents shorting by dendrites and inhibits redistribution of the active material. Crossover experiments show that the NC‐Celgard separator is practically impermeable to zincate ([Zn(OH)4]2–), outperforming commercial Celgard, cellophane, Nafion 211 and 212 separators while still allowing hydroxide transport. This work demonstrates the efficacy of selective separators for increasing the cycle life of energy‐dense Zn electrodes without adding significant volume or complexity to the system.
Isolation of Metalloid Boron Atoms in Intermetallic Carbide Boosts the Catalytic Selectivity for Electrocatalytic N2 Fixation
Authors: Wen Yankun , Zhuang Zechao , Zhu Han , Hao Jiace , Chu Kaibin , Lai Feili , Zong Wei , Wang Chan , Ma Piming , Dong Weifu , Lu Shuanglong , Liu Tianxi , Du Mingliang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe electrochemical N2 reduction reaction (eNRR) is considered to be an attractive alternative to overcome the short‐comings of the Haber‐Bosch method, where the electrocatalysts play a vital role in the eNRR efficiency. Herein, isolated single‐B sites with electron deficiency in intermetallic carbide are rationally designed to trigger charge density redistribution, achieving excellent selectivity for eNRR. The B‐rich VC nanocrystals are in situ synthesized on carbon nanofibers (B‐VC/CNFs), and the ordered intermetallic structure of VC can isolate contiguous B atoms into single‐B sites with specific electronic structures. In light of density functional theory calculations, the as‐designed BCV configuration can regulate the adsorption behavior of N2 and decrease the energy barrier for the proton–electron coupling and transferring process (*NN → *NNH), endowing the distinguished activity and selectivity, as evidenced by excellent Faradaic efficiency of 46.1% and NH3 yield of 0.443 µmol h–1 cm–2. The operando Raman spectra reveals the formation of NH intermediates on the surfaces of B‐VC/CNFs, further confirming the calculated eNRR pathway. This intermetallic carbide host strategy for generating electron‐deficient single‐B sites offers powerful guidelines for designing advanced eNRR electrocatalysts to achieve effective ammonia production.
Seasonal patterns of callose deposition and xylem embolism in five boreal deciduous tree species
Authors: Miller Ashley E. , Stanfield Ryan C. , Hacke Uwe G. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPremisePhloem tissue allows for sugar transport along the entirety of a plant and, thus, is one of the most important anatomical structures related to growth. It is thought that the sugar‐conducting sieve tube may overwinter and that its cells persist multiple seasons in deciduous trees. One possible overwintering strategy is to build up callose on phloem sieve plates to temporarily cease their function. We tested the hypothesis that five deciduous tree species produce callose on their sieve plates on a seasonal basis.MethodsYoung shoots of five deciduous tree species were sampled periodically between April 2019 and February 2020 in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. After enzymatic digestion of cytoplasmic constituents, cross sections were imaged using scanning electron microscopy to observe and quantify the level of callose deposition at monthly intervals, and sieve plate pore size was measured. Using a conductivity apparatus, we measured xylem native embolism during these sampling periods.ResultsContrary to past work on some of the same species, we found little evidence that sieve tubes overwinter by becoming occluded with callose. Instead, we found that most sieve plates remain open. Xylem embolism was minimal during the peak growing season, but increased over winter.ConclusionsMany species had been assumed to deposit callose on sieve plates over winter, though anatomical and phenological phloem data were sparse. Our data do not support this notion.
Delta Baryon Photoproduction with Twisted Photons
Authors: Afanasev Andrei , Carlson Carl E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA future gamma factory at CERN or accelerator‐based gamma sources elsewhere can include the possibility of energetic twisted photons, which are photons with a structured wave front that can allow a pre‐defined large angular momentum along the beam direction. Twisted photons are potentially a new tool in hadronic physics, and one possibility is considered here, namely the photoproduction of Δ(1232) baryons using twisted photons. It is shown that particular polarization amplitudes isolate the smaller partial wave amplitudes and they are measurable without interference from the terms that are otherwise dominant.
Three novel spiral chain Nd (III) Eu (III) Sm (III)complexes bridged by 1,1 '(1,4‐phenylene‐bis [methylene])‐bis (pyridine‐3‐carboxylicaicd): Synthesis, structural characterization, and antitumor activity
Authors: Liu Gongchi , Wu Shuangyan , Liu Wei , Gao Guoxu , Zhang Ying , Gao Enjun , Zhu Mingchang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this work, three new complexes [Ln2(L)3·H2O]n (where Ln = Nd(1)、Eu (2) and Sm (3)) have been synthesized by H2L (H2L = 1,1 ‘(1,4‐phenylene‐ bis [methylene])‐bis (pyridine‐3‐carboxylicaicd)) and were characterized by X‐ray single crystal diffraction and PXRD. The interaction of these complexes with FS DNA (fish sperm DNA) and the DNA binding constants of the complexes were determined using UV spectroscopy, indicating their ability to bind to FS DNA. The DNA binding constants k of the three complexes were 1.0186 × 104, 5.047 × 103, and 5.115 × 103, respectively. The results of UV spectrum showed that the complex 1–3 was bound to DNA through hydrogen bonding. The interaction of the complexes with FS DNA was studied by fluorescence spectroscopy. The stern‐volmer quenching values of complexes 1, 2, and 3 were 0.186, 0.093, and 0.114, respectively. Electrophoresis experiments showed that the three complexes could cleave DNA molecules. In addition, flow cytometry, and morphological apoptosis studies showed that the complex could induce apoptosis of HeLa tumor cells. Results all the three complexes had potential medicinal value.
Wettability control and oil/water separation performance of3D‐printed porous materials
Authors: Guo Yonggang , Luo Bingpeng , Wang Xinchao , Liu Shihua , Geng Tie 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this paper, polylactic acid porous materials were prepared by a fused deposition modeling 3D printing method. Then, a combination of methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) solution etching containing hydrophobic nano‐silica (HN‐SiO2) and low surface energy fluorosilane modification was used to obtain the samples with different wettability. The effect of immersion time in MEK solution and HN‐SiO2content on the wettability of porous samples was investigated. Finally, the sample with the highest contact angle and extremely low sliding angle was selected for the oil/water separation test. The separation efficiency of oil/water separators with hole side lengths of 0.8, 1.0, and 1.2 for five different oil/water mixtures was investigated. The results show that the oil/water separator with a hole side length of 1.0 mm has a better primary separation effect. With the increase of the hole size of the oil–water separator, the effect of multiple separations is unfavorable. The oil/water separator with hole side length of 0.8 mm has repeatable oil/water separation performance many times. This research provides a new idea for the application of the oil/water separator with a hole side length greater than 0.6 mm printed by an ordinary, inexpensive, low‐precision fusion 3D printer.
Bioanalytical chemistry with scanning electrochemical microscopy
Authors: Gwon Hyo Jin , Lim Donghoon , Ahn Hyun S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractScanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) is a powerful and suitable tool for visualizing local electrochemical activity as well as topography of surfaces. Due to the development of electrode manufacturing technology, high spatial resolution can be achieved, and various applications are possible by combining SECM with other technologies. Many studies have applied SECM to bioanalytical chemistry at the single‐cell level. The purpose of this review is to introduce various advanced nanoelectrode fabrication techniques and their subsequent applications in bioanalytical research using SECM.
Computational Fluid Dynamics Model of Two‐Phase Flow in NETmix Reactors
Authors: Fernandes Isabel Sousa , de Brito Margarida Sarmento e Cunha Abrunhosa , Manrique Yaidelin Alves , Dias Madalena Maria , Lopes José Carlos Brito , Santos Ricardo Jorge 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling approach was developed to study the mixing of two immiscible liquids in NETmix reactors. A two‐dimensional two‐phase CFD model based on the Euler‐Euler approach with the volume‐of‐fluid (VOF) method was implemented in a reduced physical domain from the imposition of periodic boundary conditions. The fluids modeled were sunflower oil and water. The VOF modeling was validated by comparison with experimental results. CFD results predicted the actual flow regimes and overall flow patterns for each phase at three Reynolds numbers. The validation demonstrated the 2D CFD model to describe the physics of two‐phase flow in the NETmix reactors. This model can be applied to design studies for liquid‐liquid extraction or gas‐liquid reactors, where the operation flow regime is crucial.
Arsenic (III) Detection with Underpotential Deposition and Anodic Stripping Voltammetry
Authors: Zhang Yifei , Li Danlei , Compton Richard G. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe report a stripping voltammetric method for the detection of aqueous As(III) using a Pt macroelectrode or a Pt nanoparticle‐modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) which, novelly, is based on the underpotential deposition of As atoms. The method consists of a pre‐concentration reductive step to accumulate As ad‐atoms onto Pt, followed by linear sweep voltammetry (LSV). It is shown that the stripping peak of As ad‐atoms improves the response at low concentrations of As(III) as compared to analogous measurements using the deposition of bulk As. No interference was seen from Cu(II) at realistic concentrations although high concentrations of chloride inhibited the deposition of the ad‐atoms. A linear response was found for the concentration range 0.05 to 1 μM As(III) at both types of electrode with a visually clear signal recorded at 0.05 μM (4 ppb), suggesting that this method has practical value noting the WHO limit of 0.13 μM (10 ppb) for safe drinking water.