bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Objective Analysis Of Voice Quality In Patients With Thyroid Pathology
Authors: León Gómez Nieves María , Delgado Hernández Jonathan , Luis Hernández Jorge , Artazkoz del Toro Juan José 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe goal of this study is to analyze the voice in patients with thyroid pathology through two objective indexes with great diagnostic accuracy. Overall vocal quality was evaluated with the Acoustic Voice Quality Index (AVQI v.03.01) and the breathy voice with the Acoustic Breathiness Index (ABI).DesignObservational case‐control study.SettingHospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria.ParticipantsFifty‐eight subjects, 29 controls and 29 thyroidectomy candidates.Main outcome measuresAll participants with thyroid pathology completed the Spanish version of Voice Handicap Index‐10. Also, patient complaints relating to possible laryngeal dysfunction were assessed through closed questions. A sustained vowel and three phonetically balanced sentences were recorded for each subject (118 samples). AVQI v.03.01 and ABI were assessed using the Praat program. Two raters perceptually evaluated each voice sample by using the Grade parameter of GRABS scale.ResultsAcoustic analysis shows that 55.17% of subjects present values above the pathological threshold of the AVQI, and 58.62% above that of the ABI. Results of the Student’s test comparisons of the AVQI and ABI values between the control group and the thyroid group show significantly higher values of AVQI (t[56] = −3.85, p < .001) and ABI (t[54.39] = −4.82, p < .001) in thyroidectomy candidates.ConclusionA mild decrease in vocal quality is part of the symptomatology presented by thyroidectomy candidates.
Comparison of COVID‐19 studies registered in the clinical trial platforms: A research ethics analysis perspective
Authors: Buruk Banu , Guner Muberra Devrim , Ekmekci Perihan Elif , Celebi Aksuyek Savas 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) treatment must be based on scientific methods such as clinical trials. Trials involving human subjects and those requiring a risk‐benefit analysis may occasionally face challenges owing to the time limitations in the pandemic.MethodologyThis study analyses the WHO's International Clinical Trials Registry Platform and clinicaltrials.gov, where most COVID‐19 clinical trials are registered, according to ethical criteria including study design, conflicts of interest, enrollment of healthcare workers, study locations, site‐, design‐, and participant‐related issues. The discussion is based on three aspects: the quality of the information to be produced, the relevance to significant health problems, and the creation or evaluation of interventions, policies, or practices that promote individual or public health.ResultsThere were significant differences between the two platforms regarding the investigational medicinal product (IMP), the comparator, ethics committee/institutional review board approval, plan to share individual participant data, study phase, site, IMP, and design‐related issues. Conflict of interest, sponsor information, and management of vulnerable groups were the main areas wherein both platforms lacked sufficient information.ConclusionWith this analysis, we aimed to define a minimum set of ethical criteria for clinical trial platforms to obtain standardization between these two platforms.
Long‐term effects of dapagliflozin plus saxagliptin versus glimepiride on a background of metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes: Results of a 104‐week extension to a 52‐week randomized, phase 3 study and liver fat MRI substudy
Authors: Frías Juan P. , Maaske Jill , Suchower Lisa , Johansson Lars , Hockings Paul D. , Iqbal Nayyar , Wilding John P. H. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimTo report the results of a 104‐week extension to a 52‐week study in which dapagliflozin plus saxagliptin (DAPA+SAXA) improved glycaemic control, liver fat and metabolic variables compared with glimepiride (GLIM) in participants with type 2 diabetes (T2D) receiving background metformin.Materials and methodsThis extension to a 52‐week global, multicentre, parallel‐group, active‐controlled, double‐blind study (NCT02419612) continued randomized participants (1:1) on DAPA+SAXA (10/5 mg) plus placebo, or GLIM (1‐6 mg) plus placebo, once daily. Eligible participants were aged ≥18 years, had T2D (glycated haemoglobin [HbA1c] 58.5‐91.3 mmol/mol [7.5%‐10.5%]), and a body mass index of 20.0 to 45.0 kg/m2, and were receiving metformin (MET; ≥1500 mg/d). Key outcomes were: requirement for treatment intensification, based on HbA1c ≥53 mmol/mol (7%); achieving therapeutic glycaemic response; and changes in adipose tissue and liver fat on magnetic resonance imaging in a substudy.ResultsOverall, 382 participants entered and 338 completed the 104‐week extension period (MRI substudy, n = 82). The need for treatment intensification during the 156‐week period was lower for DAPA+SAXA+MET (37.0%) than GLIM+MET (55.6%; hazard ratio 0.52, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.39‐0.68; P < 0.001). At week 156, 21.4% of DAPA+SAXA+MET versus 11.7% of GLIM+MET participants achieved therapeutic glycaemic response (HbA1c <53 mmol/mol; odds ratio 2.1, 95% CI 1.23‐3.42; P = 0.006). DAPA+SAXA+MET led to greater adjusted mean reductions from baseline in liver fat and visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue volumes versus GLIM+MET at week 122 (least‐squares mean difference from GLIM+MET −4.89%, −0.41 L and −0.44 L, respectively; nominal P values ≤ 0.008). Safety was consistent with that of the monocomponents.ConclusionsOverall, glycaemic control, metabolic benefits and efficacy were better maintained with DAPA+SAXA+MET than with GLIM+MET in T2D.
Casein kinase 1 epsilon and circadian misalignment impact affective behaviours in mice
Authors: Zhou Lili , Fitzpatrick Karrie , Olker Christopher , Vitaterna Martha H. , Turek Fred W. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAffective behaviours and mental health are profoundly affected by disturbances in circadian rhythms. Casein kinase 1 epsilon (CSNK1E) is a core component of the circadian clock. Mice with tau or null mutation of this gene have shortened and lengthened circadian period respectively. Here, we examined anxiety‐like, fear, and despair behaviours in both male and female mice of these two different mutants. Compared with wild‐type mice, we found reductions in fear and anxiety‐like behaviours in both mutant lines and in both sexes, with the tau mutants exhibiting the greatest phenotypic changes. However, the behavioural despair had distinct phenotypic patterns, with markedly less behavioural despair in female null mutants, but not in tau mutants of either sex. To determine whether abnormal light entrainment of tau mutants to 24‐h light–dark cycles contributes to these phenotypic differences, we also examined these behaviours in tau mutants on a 20‐h light–dark cycle close to their endogenous circadian period. The normalized entrainment restored more wild‐type‐like behaviours for fear and anxiety, but it induced behavioural despair in tau mutant females. These data show that both mutations of Csnk1e broadly affect fear and anxiety‐like behaviours, while the effects on behavioural despair vary with genetics, photoperiod, and sex, suggesting that the mechanisms by which Csnk1e affects fear and anxiety‐like behaviours may be similar, but distinct from those affecting behavioural despair. Our study also provides experimental evidence in support of the hypothesis of beneficial outcomes from properly entrained circadian rhythms in terms of the anxiety‐like and fear behaviours.
Why immanent critique?
Authors: Diehl Sanford 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article defends the principle, central to the Frankfurt School tradition of critical social theory, that social criticism should rely only on normative criteria that are “immanent” to the society under evaluation. My argument turns on the claim that a normative theory can have a practical aim that places legitimate constraints on its contents. For example, since the aim of advice is to contribute to the advisee's deliberation about what to do, a judgment about what someone should do is good advice only if that person could take it up in her own deliberation. I argue that there is a valuable kind of social criticism analogous to advice, which aims to contribute to the reflection of members of society on how to orient themselves practically to their social world. Drawing on the work of Bernard Williams, I suggest that concrete normative ideals can be so permeated by the needs, social relations, and concepts of one society that they are not real options in a sufficiently different social milieu. Because such criteria cannot serve as a genuine basis for practical orientation to the social world, they are ineligible for use in social criticism of this kind.
Military and nonmilitary stressors associated with mental health outcomes among female military spouses
Authors: Sullivan Kathrine S. , Park Yangjin , Riviere Lyndon A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study uses a stress process framework and person‐centered methods to describe patterns of concurrent stressors across multiple domains and to associate patterns with female military spouse mental health.BackgroundMost military families are resilient. However, a subset of military spouses experiences adverse outcomes in the context of war‐related stress. To date, a focus on military‐specific stressors has largely obscured the effects of stress unrelated to military service on the well‐being of military spouses.MethodsData were drawn from a 2012 survey of 343 U.S. Army spouses, measuring intrapersonal (e.g., adverse childhood experiences), family (e.g., work–family conflict), and military stressors (e.g., cumulative deployments). Outcomes included moderate or more severe depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).ResultsThe three‐step method of latent class analysis identified three classes: low (58.86% of participants), moderate (21.62%), and high (19.52%) stress. Prevalence of mental health problems was significantly elevated in the high‐stress class. In this group, 35.3%, 36.3%, and 39.5% of spouses' screenings indicated at least moderate depression, anxiety, and PTSD symptomatology, compared with 3.0%, 3.9%, and 2.7% in the low‐stress group.ConclusionsResults suggest many military spouses have low stress exposure across domains and low rates of mental health symptoms. However, a subset of spouses may experience both intrapersonal and family‐level risk associated with elevated rates of mental health problems.ImplicationsFindings highlight the critical role of nonmilitary stressors in the lives of military spouses and the importance of assessing for and providing support to spouses around these issues.
Stock assessment on fishery‐dependent data: Effect of data quality and parametrisation for a red snapper fishery
Authors: Tagliarolo Morgana , Cope Jason , Blanchard Fabian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractData availability, and unreported and unregulated fishing are significant obstacles to evaluating stock status, especially in tropical areas. Limitations in data quantity and quality can lead to model misspecification and erroneous data treatments, potentially causing important changes in model outputs and subsequent management implications. Red snapper Lutjanus purpureus (Poey) in French Guiana provides an example of a stock with a long‐time series of fishery‐dependent data subject to large uncertainty. A flexible catch‐at‐age model (Stock Synthesis) was applied to the available data and compared to an historically applied assessment approach. Inter‐model variability based on different model specifications and data treatments were compared to identify better the status of the resource. Results showed that a major source of uncertainty in the model was the inclusion of a catch‐per‐unit‐effort abundance index with questionable ability to track abundance. The Stock Synthesis model provided a more flexible and viable method than the virtual population analysis approach. Despite large uncertainty, models depicted a similar trend with a notable stock depletion in the late 1990s but with two distinct biomass trends in more recent years depending on the treatment. To reduce uncertainty and preserve this important economic resource, new data collection programmes and management policies are needed.
Associations between HIV, antiretroviral therapy and preterm birth in the US Women’s Interagency HIV Study, 1995–2018: a prospective cohort
Authors: Venkatesh Kartik K. , Edmonds Andrew , Westreich Daniel , Dionne‐Odom Jodie , Weiss Deborah Jones , Sheth Anandi N. , Cejtin Helen , Seidman Dominika , Kassaye Seble , Minkoff Howard , Atrio Jessica , Rahangdale Lisa , Adimora Adaora A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the associations of HIV infection with preterm birth (PTB), and of HIV antiretroviral therapy (ART) with PTB.MethodsWe analysed singleton live‐born pregnancies among women from 1995 to 2019 in the Women's Interagency HIV Study, a prospective cohort of US women with, or at risk for, HIV. The primary exposures were HIV status and ART use before delivery [none, monotherapy or dual therapy, or highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)]. The primary outcome was PTB < 34 weeks, and, secondarily, < 28 and < 37 weeks. We analysed self‐reported birth data, and separately modelled the associations between HIV and PTB, and between ART and PTB, among women with HIV. We used modified Poisson regression, and adjusted for age, race, parity, tobacco use and delivery year, and, when modelling the impact of ART, duration from HIV diagnosis to delivery, nadir CD4 count, and pre‐pregnancy viral load and CD4 count.ResultsWe analysed 488 singleton deliveries (56% exposed to HIV) to 383 women. The risk of PTB < 34 weeks was similar among women with and without HIV, but the risk of PTB < 37 weeks was higher [32% vs. 23%; adjusted risk ratio (aRR) = 1.43; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07–1.91] among women with HIV. The risk of PTB < 34 weeks was lower among women with HIV receiving HAART than among those receiving no ART (7% vs. 26%; aRR:0.19; 95% CI: 0.08–0.44). The associations between HAART and PTB < 28 and < 37 weeks were similar.ConclusionsAntiretroviral therapy exposure was associated with a decreased risk of PTB among a US cohort of women with HIV. Given the growing concerns about ART and adverse pregnancy outcomes, this finding that ART may be protective for PTB is reassuring.
A prospective cohort study evaluating the outcome of root canal retreatment in symptomatic mandibular first molars with periapical lesions
Authors: Serefoglu Burcu , Miçooğulları Kurt Seniha , Kandemir Demirci Gözde , Kaval Mehmet Emin , Çalışkan Mehmet Kemal 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimTo evaluate the impact of various predictors on the outcome of root canal retreatment in symptomatic mandibular first molars with periapical lesions after a minimum of 2 years.MethodologyOne hundred and twenty previously root canal treated symptomatic mandibular first molars with periapical lesions which were diagnosed as symptomatic apical periodontitis or acute apical abscess with localized intraoral swelling were included. Root canal retreatment was performed by an experienced endodontist using a standardized treatment protocol. The teeth were followed up clinically and radiographically and the radiographic outcome was assessed using a modified periapical index scale (PAI). The cumulative success proportion and the influence of predictors on the outcome of the root canal retreatment were analysed using Kaplan–Meier analyses and log‐rank tests, and the hazard ratios for the predictors were also investigated using Univariate Cox Proportional Hazard regression analysis at a significance level of 5%.ResultsOf the 120 teeth, 103 teeth were re‐examined with an 85% recall rate. The cumulative success rate was 88% in which 64% were healed and 24% were healing, and failure rate was recorded as 12%. None of the preoperative predictors, including age, gender, soft tissue tenderness, intraoral swelling, size of the lesion, PAI score, apical level and density of root canal filling before root canal retreatment, nor intraoperative predictors, such as active exudate drainage, density of root canal filling after root canal retreatment and restoration type had an influence on the outcome of root canal retreatment (p > .05). The only factor that significantly reduced the success rate of root canal retreatment was the apical level of the root canal filling; when it was more than 2 mm short of the radiographic apex in teeth where apical patency was not established, the success was significantly lower (p = .023).ConclusionsRoot canal retreatment in symptomatic mandibular first molars with periapical lesions resulted in a success rate of 88%. None of the predictors had a significant influence on the outcome, except for the apical level of the root canal filling after root canal retreatment with short root fillings being associated with significantly more post‐treatment endodontic disease.
The influence of inner packaging’s number cue on consumption
Authors: Jin Yufang , Xu Xiaoxia , Zurawicki Leon , Liu Raymond 
Published: September 2021

AbstractProduct packaging clues can lead to overconsumption and even obesity. While combined packaging represents a common packaging practice, it has not been addressed much in academia. To help clarify how marketers can optimize the relationship between the packaging’s number cues and consumption, this paper explores the effect of the quantity of inner packaging on consumption when the external packaging number is fixed. Across two experiments conducted in China, this study proposes that consumption increases with the number of the inner packages, while the total quantity of products is held constant and the Perceived Package Consumption Count acts as a partial mediator. For the restrained dieters, however, the effect of the packaging’s number cue on consumption disappears. The findings of this study have significant implications for consumers, marketers, and policymakers.
Moderating effect of work‐related social support on the relationship between role conflicts and job satisfaction among female nurses pursuing a further degree in China
Authors: Li Caifu , Song Rhayun , Fan Xing , Zhou Zanhua , Xu Lijuan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimThis study aimed to determine the moderating effect of work‐related social support on the relationship between work–family–school role conflicts and job satisfaction among female registered nurses pursuing further degrees in China.MethodsThe study had a cross‐sectional correlational design. Convenience sampling was applied to recruit participants from eight hospitals in China from January to August 2017. SPSS software and the PROCESS macro were used to conduct the data analyses in the present study.ResultsA total of 320 nurses were included in the present study. Work–family–school role conflicts were negatively correlated with job satisfaction (r = −0.21, P < 0.001). Work‐related social support was a significant moderator (interaction effect: β = 0.22, P = 0.039) on the relationship between work–family–school role conflicts and job satisfaction.ConclusionsThe study revealed that when nurses perceived that they received a low or moderate level of social support in the workplace that strengthened the relationship between work–family–school role conflicts and job satisfaction. Hospital administrators should implement school‐ and family‐friendly policies that increase the social support provided to nurses pursuing further degrees to balance their responsibilities of work, family and school and to improve their job satisfaction.
How family policies redefine families: The case of mainland China–Hong Kong cross‐border families
Authors: Chee Wai‐chi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDuring China's one‐child policy era (1979–2015), birth tourism in Hong Kong (HK) became a way for Chinese parents who wanted more children to avoid the regulations. From 2003 to 2012, about 200,000 babies were born in HK to mainland Chinese parents. This paper explores how the one‐child policy, migration regulations, and welfare provision jointly influence family practices of mainland parents who gave birth in HK. Data are drawn from ethnographic research conducted with 45 mothers staying in HK on temporary visas to look after their HK‐born children. Research findings show these parents need to negotiate with the following contradictory circumstances: a one‐child policy that disregarded cultural preference for sons; migration regimes that separated parent from child and thus challenged the cultural ideal of an intact family; and welfare policies that stigmatized the parents as irresponsible in a context where families are widely regarded as care providers.
Tetraspanin CD53 modulates lymphocyte trafficking but not systemic autoimmunity in Lyn‐deficient mice
Authors: Yeung Louisa , Gottschalk Timothy A , Hall Pam , Tsantikos Evelyn , Gallagher Rebecca H , Kitching A Richard , Hibbs Margaret L , Wright Mark D , Hickey Michael J 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe leukocyte‐restricted tetraspanin CD53 has been shown to promote lymphocyte homing to lymph nodes (LNs) and myeloid cell recruitment to acutely inflamed peripheral organs, and accelerate the onset of immune‐mediated disease. However, its contribution in the setting of chronic systemic autoimmunity has not been investigated. We made use of the Lyn−/− autoimmune model, generating Cd53−/−Lyn−/− mice, and compared trafficking of immune cells into secondary lymphoid organs and systemic autoimmune disease development with mice lacking either gene alone. Consistent with previous observations, absence of CD53 led to reduced LN cellularity via reductions in both B and T cells, a phenotype also observed in Cd53−/−Lyn−/− mice. In some settings, Cd53−/−Lyn−/− lymphocytes showed greater loss of surface L‐selectin and CD69 upregulation above that imparted by Lyn deficiency alone, indicating that absence of these two proteins can mediate additive effects in the immune system. Conversely, prototypical effects of Lyn deficiency including splenomegaly, plasma cell expansion, elevated serum immunoglobulin M and anti‐nuclear antibodies were unaffected by CD53 deficiency. Furthermore, while Lyn−/− mice developed glomerular injury and showed elevated glomerular neutrophil retention above than that in wild‐type mice, absence of CD53 in Lyn−/− mice did not alter these responses. Together, these findings demonstrate that while tetraspanin CD53 promotes lymphocyte trafficking into LNs independent of Lyn, it does not make an important contribution to development of autoimmunity, plasma cell dysfunction or glomerular injury in the Lyn−/− model of systemic autoimmunity.
Minimum Steiner trees on a set of concyclic points and their center
Authors: Whittle David , Brazil Marcus , Grossman Peter Alexander , Rubinstein Joachim Hyam , Thomas Doreen A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractConsider a configuration of points comprising a point q and a set of concyclic points R that are all a given distance r from q in the Euclidean plane. In this paper, we investigate the relationship between the length of a minimum Steiner tree (MStT) on and a minimum spanning tree on R. We show that if the degree of q in the MStT is 1, then the difference between these two lengths is at least , and that this lower bound is tight. This bound can be applied as part of an efficient algorithm to find the solution to the prize‐collecting Euclidean Steiner tree problem, as outlined in an earlier paper.