bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical activity pattern and its influencing factors among patients with inflammatory bowel disease in East China
Authors: Zhou Ying , Liu Huiwei , Xu Liyan , Zhang Xie , Xu Feng 
Published: December 2024

ObjectiveTo investigate the current level of physical activity (PA) and its influencing factors among patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in East China.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingQuestionnaire survey recruiting from six tertiary referral hospitals in East China between October and December 2023.ParticipantsPatients with Crohn’s disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) aged 18–65 years without conditions limiting PA engagement.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrimary outcomes comprised total PA, PA levels and sedentary time over 1 week. Demographic and clinical characteristics, disease-related and non-disease-related barriers to PA, and PA outcome expectation score were also assessed.ResultsOf 391 eligible respondents, including 271 CD (69.3%) and 237 males (60.6%), the median total PA in IBD patients was 594 (0–1695) metabolic equivalent of task (MET)-min/week, with 53 patients (13.6%) of high, 140 (35.8%) of moderate and 198 (50.6%) of low level. The median sedentary time was 2325 (1500~3120) min/week in IBD patients, with CD significantly more than UC (p<0.01). A total of 180 IBD patients (46.0%) had reduced total PA after diagnosis, 134 (49.4%) in CD and 46 (38.3%) in UC (CD vs UC, p<0.05). Multifactorial logistic regression analysis showed that gender (OR=1.704, 95% CI 1.132 to 2.565, p=0.011) and PA outcome expectation score (OR=1.176, 95% CI 1.090 to 1.270, p<0.01) were independent influencing factors of PA levels in patients with IBD.ConclusionIn East China, total PA and proportion of moderate- to high-level PA in IBD patients was considerably low. Compared with UC, CD patients had longer sedentary time and more postdiagnostic PA reduction. Gender and PA outcome expectation scores were independent influencing factors on PA levels in IBD patients. These results pointed to potential patient populations for future-focused interventions.
Effectiveness of a Breast Cancer Educational Conference Targeting Healthcare Workers in Honduras
Authors: Prathibha Saranya , Zuniga Mario , Bejarano Suyapa , Duarte Flora , Antunez Merlin , Molina Alejandra Z. , Hoven Noelle , Marmor Schelomo , Witt Jennifer , Hui Jane , Tuttle Todd M. 
Published: December 2024

Purpose: Previous studies have demonstrated that many healthcare workers in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) lack the appropriate training and knowledge to recognize and diagnose breast cancer at an early stage. As a result, women in LMICs are frequently diagnosed with late‐stage breast cancer (Stage III/IV) with a poor prognosis.Materials and Methods: We hosted a 1‐day breast cancer educational conference directed towards healthcare workers in Honduras. We conducted pre‐ and postcourse (1–2 months later) assessments that evaluated knowledge of screening, diagnosis, and treatment of breast cancer. Breast cancer specialists at the University of Minnesota and Honduras developed a 12‐question assessment tool in Spanish.Results: A total of 157 people attended the course, and 86 completed the precourse knowledge assessment. The overall percentage of correct responses was 70% in the precourse assessment. Postcourse knowledge assessments were completed by 94 participants. The overall percentage of correct responses was 80% in the postcourse assessment and was significantly higher than precourse assessment scores (p < 0.0001). For the individual domains of screening, diagnosis, and treatment, the postcourse knowledge assessment scores were significantly improved as compared with the precourse scores (p < 0.0001).Conclusion: In this study, we found that a 1‐day, in‐person breast cancer educational course directed towards healthcare workers in Honduras resulted in improved breast cancer knowledge assessment scores. Future research and implementation strategies will include training healthcare workers throughout Honduras and determining the impact of these educational interventions on the late‐stage presentation of breast cancer.
A New Frontier in Fighting Inequality
Authors: Zhang Kangle , Soirila Ukri 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
While inequality within and between states has attracted the attention of international lawyers, international law research on inequality between individuals globally remains a rarity. This article examines inequality between individuals by targeting ‘finance and inequality’—the linkage between international finance and the rising inequality between individuals at the global level. The article builds on the legal theory of finance and its contention that financial market operations are legally constructed, and from there, it highlights the essential role of states and state-backing in international finance. Furthermore, operations in the global financial market often take place through legal fields that are familiar to international lawyers but not often thought of as having to do with finance. The article, therefore, makes the case that international finance should be a new frontier in international lawyers’ fight against inequality. The article invites international lawyers to approach international finance by learning the vocabulary and grammar of finance and bringing in the toolbox and aesthetics of international lawyers in studying finance, inequality, and international law. As a performance of such practice, the article conducts a case study on credit rating agencies and highlights the linkage between states, international law and standards, and the distributive implications of these agencies through financial market mechanisms.
What is Acquiescence? A Theoretical Quest Grounded in Judicial Practice
Authors: Lanzoni Niccolò 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article examines the concept of acquiescence in international law, as defined by the International Court of Justice as “equivalent to tacit recognition, manifested through unilateral conduct which the other party may interpret as consent.” It aims to contribute to the ongoing debate by analysing the merits of the multiplicity of theories concerning the legal characterisation of acquiescence, investigating whether it can be classified as a source of law, a legal act, a legal fact or a presumption of consent, and distinguishing it from related doctrines such as estoppel and extinctive prescription. The article argues that the main difficulty in addressing these questions lies in the uncertainties surrounding acquiescence as a ‘conceptual unit.’ It contends that, depending on the mereological approach adopted, acquiescence can either be equated by synecdoche with one of its ‘constituent parts,’ or, alternatively, it may be viewed as an autonomous legal concept that transcends the sum of its parts, encapsulating the inherently complex ‘action-reaction’ paradigm that underlies its functioning. This article is divided into three parts. The first part, after some introductory considerations on the illocutionary force of states’ silence, reconstructs the requirements of acquiescence on the basis of international case law. By elucidating the judicial criteria under which states’ silence may be interpreted as acquiescence, this initial ‘empirical analysis’ lays the groundwork for the second part, where the legal characterisation of acquiescence is investigated. Firstly, it will be discussed whether acquiescence can qualify as a legal act or as a legal fact. This will prove useful in distinguishing acquiescence from norms such as estoppel and extinctive prescription. Secondly, the article will examine whether acquiescence can be characterised as a source of law. Finally, in the third part, some concluding remarks will be made on how, depending on the mereological approach adopted, acquiescence may be defined by synecdoche with one of its constituent elements or, alternatively, as a conceptually autonomous sui generis legal phenomenon.
Equity-Based Constructive Participation of Developing Countries in the Climate Change Legal Regime in the Post-Paris Era
Authors: Salimi Turkamani Hojjat 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
To solve the global problem of climate change, the participation of all countries, especially developing countries, which have an increasing ghg s emission trend, is necessary. Developed countries have always claimed that developing countries do not have effective and meaningful participation in the climate change regime. By contrast, developing countries consider their participation constructive and effective. This research shows that to some extent this difference in claims is theoretically due to different values and needs between developed and developing countries, and practically owing to internal and external limitations that cause the inability and lack of motivation of developing countries to act. It is understandable to justify the behaviour of developing countries in the light of the principles of equity and legal responsibility and non-fulfilling the obligations of developed countries, including technology transfer and financial aid. Considering these issues through ndc s, national circumstances and a bottom-up architecture, the Paris Agreement has achieved broad participation and shallow cooperation. Given that ndc s are not ambitious enough to achieve the goals of the Agreement, to deepen commitments and cooperation, climate policy should gradually move from prisoner’s dilemma policy to Stag Hunt policy by rebuilding trust between parties and increasingly integrating climate change with sustainable development goals to realize equitable participation.
A New Approach for Investigating Children’s Participation Rights in Early Childhood Education
Authors: Hicban Cynthia , Theobald Maryanne , Mascadri Julia 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Research into children’s participation rights has largely focused on the challenges for early childhood educators to navigate children’s participation rights enactment. The aim of this article is to show how the enactments of children’s participation rights in an educational setting can be identified using a new approach, Listening to Voices in Interaction for Participation (LViIP).
LViIP is based on Lundy’s (2007) conceptualisation of Article 12(1) and combines with conversation analysis (ca) to identify how rights enactment sequentially unfolds and how the interactants mobilise (or gatekeep) opportunities for children to have a say.
A step-by-step worked example of LViIP shows in detail how participatory approaches by educators and children are built in early childhood education, thus demonstrating which interactional practices contribute towards the co-construction of children’s participation rights and how early childhood professionals can listen, be and do as duty-bearers of children’s rights in their daily practice.
Child-led Marriage in Thailand’s Deep South
Authors: Pratippornkul Ruengrin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Interventions to end child marriage tend to rely on a monolithic representation of girls as victims have stereotyped it as a marriage between a young girl and an older man. Shifting this lens to the idea that children are not powerless in decision-making, this paper aims to unpack how the practitioners exercise agency in marriage, and explore the child marriage trends in 1990 to 2020 in the Malay-Muslim community in Thailand. The findings showed that the child marriage rate has declined and since 2006 most of the women who married under 15, married men whose age difference was between 0–4 years. Interview results based on the fieldwork in 2019 and 2022 underlined that social media changed the norms around marriage, which influenced some youths to decide to marry and divorce early. This paper aims to study child marriage as a today’s practice, not as the result of traditions.
Giving Due Weight to Children and Young People in Australian Policy Making
Authors: Vosz Meaghan , Graham Anne , Hughes Mark 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
While Article 12 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child is often cited to assure children’s right to express their views freely in all matters affecting them, little is known about the practices associated with giving due weight to their views in policy-making that impacts their lives. This paper reports on critical-participatory research exploring the practices of more than 100 policy actors, conducted with five young co-researchers with lived experience of Australian child protection and out-of-home care systems. Practices associated with giving due weight included: involving children as policy actors, listening, giving feedback and reporting back, and amplifying their views. Practices were constrained by discourses of authenticity/tokenism; bureaucracy and jurisdiction; the attribution of expertise; and limited funding and time. Research demonstrated opportunities for realising Article 12 through intergenerational dialogue and valuing the lived experience and agency of young people as policy actors.
The UN Summit of the Future
Authors: Dijkstra Hylke 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The United Nations (UN) Summit of the Future was a once-in-a-decade summit to work on UN reform. This article studies the Summit from the perspective of the broader crisis of liberal international order as well as the lifecycle of international organizations. It identifies the leadership by Secretary-General Guterres as critical in terms of agenda-setting but also preparing the road towards the Summit. It furthermore stresses the embedding of the UN in a much broader external network of like-minded actors which have helped to increase the momentum of the Summit. It argues that the proposals by the Secretary-General should be considered an innovative attempt at institutional layering. Adding new governance layers, addressing common problems, clearly made sense to the UN, yet this approach was ultimately weakened in the inter-state negotiations between the member states leading up to the Summit.
The Summit of the Future
Authors: Ponzio Richard , Yusuf Nudhara 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The outcome of the United Nations Summit of the Future was the adoption of a potentially far-reaching Pact for the Future, Global Digital Compact, and Declaration on Future Generations, which surprised many skeptics who viewed present geopolitical conditions as non-conducive to enhancing global cooperation. After first retracing the lead-up to the Summit, with an emphasis on the role of civil society and multi-stakeholder ImPact Coalitions, the article makes three main points regarding post-Summit trajectories. It argues, first, that the current climate of mistrust in the system has also generated the political will to commit to change. Second, it stresses the need for serious planning and utilizing subsequent multiplier effects that will shape the future of the multilateral system. Lastly, the article elaborates on the critical torch- bearing and knowledge- management role of civil society and other stakeholders in the further implementation and follow-through of the Summit’s commitments.
A Voice or an Echo?
Authors: Reiners Nina , Kahn-Nisser Sara 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Does the personal background of women as independent experts in international organizations (IO s) affect their behavior? By studying the impact of biographies on the behavior of experts in international institutions, we shed light on broader questions of IO performance. We find that, contrary to our expectations, women are more active members than men. We explore this finding in more detail and argue that women’s participation in meetings with state representatives is correlated with their type and extent of experience, the education they received, and their regional group membership. By analyzing data from two novel datasets on members’ biographies and on their frequency of participation, we aim to uncover how these factors might shape the perspectives, attitudes, and decision-making of experts within IO s. Our study provides valuable insights into the diversity of expertise within international organizations and the implications for global governance and policymaking.
This Girl Can Meme: Analyzing Participatory Activist Discourse by Women Memers in India
Authors: Dixit Shamika 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The internet memetic landscape remains a gendered battleground in which very few women create memes, rather than being a subject or object of them. This paper analyses memes created by women as a tool of creative participatory activism in vernacular internet spaces. Although the literature studying women memers is focused on predetermined political struggles, this article shifts the focus to the general discourse that women create through their memes. Using feminist critical discourse analysis, the study examines 149 memes collected from a well-known Facebook group called Marathi Meme Monks. It identifies three main themes of memetic discourse: sexual freedom of women, who are essentially second-class citizens of a patriarchal society, and feminist advocacy through memetic expression. The article highlights the potential of agentic participation by women memers, which creates a feminist media discourse that serves as a strong alternative to current masculine voices represented in internet memes.
From Crisis to Cure: the Afghan Refugee Dilemma, Security, and Technological Interventions
Authors: Varghese Varsha , Kumar Amit , Ramachandran Veena 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article examines the fourth wave of Afghan refugees, focusing on two emerging migrant groups: women and girls facing restrictions in education and employment, and military personnel linked to the previous Afghan government. Using classical and modern immigration theories, it assesses the challenges that Afghan refugees face in Pakistan, emphasizing the persistence of nontraditional security threats, such as terrorism and violence by the Taliban. To improve refugee monitoring and management, the article proposes technological solutions, specifically using artificial intelligence (AI) and the blockchain. It explores how these technologies can enhance management of a refugee database, streamline legal processes, and provide services such as telemedicine and tele-education. Employing a qualitative contextual approach supported by primary and secondary data and insights from field and subject experts, the article concludes that, although technology can significantly enhance the welfare of Afghan refugees, its successful use depends on political commitment and a measured approach.
The (Im)possible Umma? Multiple Realities and Multiple Identities of Indonesian Muslims in Online Philanthropy
Authors: Anoraga Bhirawa , Zuhri Mishbah Khoiruddin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This research investigates how Indonesian Muslim philanthropic organizations strengthen the sense of umma (a united Muslim community) through online philanthropy. We analyze online campaigns from five key organizations: ACT, BAZNAS, Dompet Dhuafa, LazisMu, and LazisNU, examining approximately 51,000 social media posts, particularly on Instagram and Kitabisa, Indonesia’s leading charitable crowdfunding platform. By generating word clouds, we analyze their campaigns’ discourses, revealing their ideologies of aid and user responses. The findings indicate that these organizations primarily emphasize their religious identity to mobilize Islamic charitable funds. The ACT case notably stands out for its strong umma emphasis, especially in campaigns related to conflict areas like Palestine and Rohingya. Despite the internet’s potential to connect Muslims globally and the usual success of umma campaigns, we argue that Indonesian Muslims face multiple realities and have multiple identities leading to fluid socialities in online philanthropy.
State Security, “Slav-Bulgarian History” and Democracy in the 1990s: Nationalism and National Populism
Authors: Danova Sirma 
Published: December 2024

State Security, Slav-Bulgarian History and Democracy in the 1990s: Nationalism and National Populism
This case study is dedicated to the social implications provoked by the scandal surrounding the disclosure of Father Paisius of Hilendar’s illegal seizure of Slav-Bulgarian History (1762) – a milestone in the Bulgarian national identity – from Zograf Monastery on the Holy Mount of Athos in the 1990s, planned and realised by the State Security during the communist regime in Bulgaria. The object of the analysis is the populist discourse of former State Security agents, who held important public positions after the regime’s collapse and justified the seizure as a patriotic act. The focus of attention is the assertation of the nationalist historian Bozhidar Dimitrov. The second focus of the paper is the fetishisation of the story of Father Paisius at the National Historical Museum, which failed to prove its communicative value at a critical point in Bulgaria’s democracy.

Służby Bezpieczeństwa, Słowianobułgarska historia i demokracja lat 90. XX wieku. Nacjonalizm i narodowy populizm
Artykuł stanowi studium przypadku poświęcone nielegalnemu przejęciu z klasztoru Zograf na Świętej Górze Athos rękopisu Słowianobułgarskiej historii (1762) św. Paisjusza z Hilendaru, a więc kamienia węgielnego bułgarskiej tożsamości narodowej. Przejęcie to zostało zaplanowane i zrealizowane w okresie reżimu komunistycznego przez bułgarskie Służby Bezpieczeństwa. Artykuł podejmuje również kwestie implikacji społecznych, wywołanych skandalem związanym z ujawnieniem tej sprawy w latach 90. XX wieku. Przedmiotem analizy jest dyskurs populistyczny byłych agentów Służby Bezpieczeństwa, którzy po upadku reżimu zajmowali ważne stanowiska publiczne, a przejęcie rękopisu uzasadniali jako akt patriotyczny. W centrum uwagi znajdują się twierdzenia nacjonalistycznego historyka Bożydara Dimitrova, a także fetyszyzacja narracji o św. Paisjusza z Hilendaru w Narodowym Muzeum Historycznym w Sofii, która w krytycznym momencie bułgarskiej demokracji nie zdołała wykazać swojej wartości komunikacyjnej.