bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LOOK “OUTSIDE THE BUILDING” FOR THE FUTURE OF LEADERSHIP
Authors: Kanter Rosabeth Moss 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe author discusses what she terms “outside the building” issues, such as climate change, pandemics, and racial/gender justice. These complex issues are “beyond the boundaries of single organizations.” As she writes, “I call this new leadership for the future ’advanced’ leadership, because of its broader scope and, at the same time, more limited formal power, which challenges leaders more than an official mandate does.” She references former First Lady of the United States Michelle Obama, the late leadership author Warren Bennis, and the academics Robert Putnam (famous for his book Bowling Alone), Sherry Turkle, and others. The author observes that “Innovation and change can’t follow a fixed script. The work is more like improvisational theater, which takes shape in response to observer feedback.” While it may seem that society is hopelessly divided and gridlocked, there are hopeful signs: “When more people flex their leadership muscles and find the courage to take on big problems, they exude the optimism of activism. That positive energy can be contagious and can unite us in new ways. By undertaking the daunting, yet meaningful, task of making a difference in the world, advanced leaders can transform the lives of many people—including the leaders themselves.”
DELIVERED BY WOMEN, LED BY WOMEN: THE FUTURE OF GLOBAL HEALTH LEADERSHIP
Authors: Dhatt Roopa , Keeling Ann 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe authors note the disparity between leadership roles of men and women in global health and its effect on the response to COVID‐19. The work of their organization Women in Global Health is described, including “launching a Gender Equal Health and Care Workforce Initiative in 2021 in partnership with the Government of France and World Health Organization, convening governments and international organizations to leverage commitments for safe and decent work, equal pay and an equal say in leadership for women in health and social care.” They note that women are “80 percent of the world's nurses and 90 percent of the frontline health workers.” Yet the reality is that “women still deliver health systems led by men.” The authors outline their vision for global health leadership; in brief, and in their words: First, we must change the narrative and see women as drivers of global health, not solely as users of health systems…. Second, women in health and social care need a new social contract… Third, COVID‐19 showed that viruses do not respect national borders and we live in an interconnected world… Fourth, beyond gender parity in global health leadership, we need leaders of all genders to be gender transformative leaders.
From Folding to Assembly: Functional Supramolecular Architectures of Peptides Comprised of Non‐Canonical Amino Acids
Authors: Misra Rajkumar , Rudnick‐Glick Safra , Adler‐Abramovich Lihi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe engineering of biological molecules is the fundamental concept behind the design of complex materials with desirable functions. Over the last few decades, peptides and proteins have emerged as useful building blocks for well‐defined nanostructures with controlled size and dimensions. Short peptides in particular have received much attention due to their inherent biocompatibility, lower synthetic cost, and ease of tunability. In addition to the diverse self‐assembling properties of short peptides comprising coded amino acids and their emerging applications in nanotechnology, there is now growing interest in the properties of peptides composed of non‐canonical amino acids. Such non‐natural oligomers have been shown in recent years to form well‐defined secondary structures similar to natural proteins, with the ability to self‐assemble to generate a wide variety of nanostructures with excellent biostability. This review describes recent events in the development of supramolecular assemblies of peptides composed completely of non‐coded amino acids and their hybrid analogues. Special attention is paid to understanding the supramolecular assemblies at the atomic level and to considering their potential applications in nanotechnology.
Photolabile Well‐Defined Polystyrene Grafted on Silica Nanoparticle via Nitroxide‐Mediated Polymerization (NMP)
Authors: Ho Hien The , Phan Trang N. T. , Bonnevide Marine , Malicki Nicolas , Couty Marc , Jestin Jacques , Gigmes Didier 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHerein, the synthesis of a novel nitroxide‐mediated polymerization (NMP) initiator bearing a photolabile ortho‐nitrobenzyl (oNB) group allowing surface‐initiated NMP preparation of well‐defined photoresponsive polystyrene grafted on silica nanoparticles is described. The photocleavable and photoresponsive properties of the prepared materials are demonstrated using small angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) characterization.
Cost‐utility of omalizumab for the treatment of uncontrolled moderate‐to‐severe persistent pediatric allergic asthma in a middle‐income country
Authors: Rodriguez‐Martinez Carlos E. , Sossa‐Briceño Monica P. , Castro‐Rodriguez Jose A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesAlthough several randomized clinical trials performed in children 6 years and older with Omalizumab as add‐on therapy have reported improvements in diverse clinical outcomes, the evidence regarding its cost effectiveness is not sufficient, especially in less‐affluent countries, where the clinical and economic burden of the disease is the greatest. The aim of the present study was to perform a cost‐utility analysis of adding omalizumab to standard treatment for treating pediatric patients with uncontrolled severe allergic asthma in Colombia, a middle‐income country (MIC).MethodsA Markov‐type model was developed to estimate costs and health outcomes of a simulated cohort of pediatric patients with persistent asthma treated over a 5‐year period. The effectiveness data and transition probabilities were obtained from various sources, including systematic reviews with meta‐analysis. Cost data were obtained from official databases provided by the Colombian Ministry of Health. The study was carried out from the perspective of the national healthcare system in Colombia. The main outcome was the variable ‘‘quality‐adjusted life‐years’’ (QALYs).ResultsFor the base‐case analysis, the cost‐utility analysis showed that compared with the standard treatment strategy, the omalizumab strategy involved higher costs (US$72,142.3 vs. $20,243.4 average cost per patient) and greater gain in QALYs (0.8718 vs. 0.8222 QALYs on average per patient). The incremental cost‐utility ratio (ICUR) of omalizumab compared with standard treatment was US$82,748.1 per QALYConclusionsThis study shows that in Colombia, an MIC, compared with standard treatment, omalizumab is not a cost‐effective strategy for treating pediatric patients with uncontrolled severe allergic asthma.
Effect of Nigella sativa oil extract on cardiometabolic risk factors in type 2 diabetes: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial
Authors: Hadi Saeid , Daryabeygi‐Khotbehsara Reza , Mirmiran Parvin , McVicar Jenna , Hadi Vahid , Soleimani Davood , Askari Gholamreza 
Published: June 2021

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of Nigella sativa oil extract on cardiometabolic risk factors in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). A randomized, controlled, clinical trial was conducted on 43 patients with T2D (23 women and 20 men; aged 53.5 ± 7.4 years). The intervention group (N = 23) received two 500‐mg per day soft gel capsules containing Nigella sativa oil extract and the control group (N = 20) received two identical placebo soft gel capsules containing sunflower oil per day for the same period, 8 weeks. Pre‐ and post‐intervention cardiometabolic risk factors were measured. Compared with the placebo, the N. sativa oil significantly decreased FBS (p = .03(, HbA1c (p = .001), total cholesterol (p = .04), TG (p = .003), LDL‐c (p = .001), BMI (p < .001), waist circumference (p < .001), SBP (p = .001), and DBP (p = .002). HOMA‐IR (p = .51) and HDL‐c (p = .91) did not change significantly following Nigella sativa supplementation. Nigella sativa oil exerted beneficial effects on glycemic control, serum lipid profile, blood pressure, and body weight among people with T2D. Further long‐term trials in the future may help confirm the current therapeutic benefits of Nigella sativa in T2D.
Solvent‐dependent mechanistic aspects for the redox reaction of paraquat in basic solution
Authors: Hou Hua , Wang Baoshan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDetailed mechanisms for the redox cycling of paraquat in basic solutions have been revealed computationally. The reduction of paraquat dication (PQ2+) undergoes via the successive additions with two hydroxide (OH−) anions to form the neutralized intermediates, which can decompose to generate the cation radical (PQ+) by releasing either OH or the hydrated O−radical.PQ+is neutralized by one OH−, converting molecular oxygen into superoxide (O2−) anion to regeneratePQ2+. The reduction ofPQ2+by OH−is an energy‐directive process whereas the oxidation ofPQ+prefers an entropy‐driving path in which OH−acts as a catalyst. It is found that the Gibbs free‐energy reaction paths are strongly solvent dependent. The redox cycle is energetically preferable in the solvents with low dielectric constants. The yellow‐blue‐transparent color‐changing sequence in the clock reaction of paraquat has been understood by means of the electronic absorption spectra of the cations and the neutral intermediates. Atomic radical anion O−is predicted besides the known OH and O2−radicals to stimulate experimental studies on the redox chemistry of paraquat.
Encoding the atomic structure for machine learning in materials science
Authors: Li Shunning , Liu Yuanji , Chen Dong , Jiang Yi , Nie Zhiwei , Pan Feng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn recent years, we have witnessed a widespread application of machine learning techniques in the field of materials science, owing to the increased availability of research data and sophisticated algorithms. At the core of this technology lies the ability to encode material structures into descriptors that are understandable for a computer. Although significant advances have been made in this area, there is a continued need to explore efficient structure‐encoding strategies so as to maximize the predictive power of the machine learning models. Here we present a revision of the exciting progress in four representative structural features that are capable of describing the structures of diverse materials: structure graph, Coulomb matrix, topological descriptor, and diffraction fingerprint. Particular attention is given to the studies of crystalline solids, which appear more challenging to be encoded than molecules. By summarizing previous works and presenting critical appraisals of these descriptors, this review could offer some guideline for the selection of structural features and stimulate inspiration for the design of powerful descriptors suited towards different tasks.This article is categorized under:Structure and Mechanism > Computational Materials ScienceData Science > Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning
Introduction
Authors: Rosa Paolo , Terzi Sergio , Kopacek Bernd 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis chapter aims at clarifying the main research contents and presenting the main objective of the FENIX project. we briefly describe some fundamental concepts, like Circular Economy (CE), Industry 4.0 (I4.0) and Product-Service Systems (PSSs). All these contents are strictly connected in FENIX, since the project aims at demonstrating the benefits coming from the adoption of CE-related practices through a set of PSS-based business models supported by I4.0-based technologies.
Circular Business Models Identification
Authors: Rosa Paolo , Sassanelli Claudio , Terzi Sergio 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe main objective of FENIX is demonstrating the benefits coming from the adoption of CE practices through a set of circular business models adequately configured within the project. These CBMs have been selected basing on the three use cases requirements pertaining to different industrial streams (metal powders, 3D-printed jewels and advanced filaments for 3D printing applications). The chapter starts with a literature assessment of both current CBMs and current CBM classification methods. Subsequently, existing CBMs have been mapped basing on the most common classification method (i.e. the ReSOLVE framework), evidencing the most suitable CBMs to be adopted in FENIX. In parallel, a literature assessment of industrial benefits expected from the adoption of CE practices have been implemented. Subsequently, FENIX industrial partners have been interviewed in order to select the most relevant benefits expected from the project. A final comparison of available CBMs and expected benefits allowed to select the most suitable CBMs to be demonstrated in FENIX.
Unpolarized quark and gluon TMD PDFs and FFs at N3LO
Authors: Luo Ming-xing , Yang Tong-Zhi , Zhu Hua Xing , Zhu Yu Jiao 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this paper we calculate analytically the perturbative matching coefficients for unpolarized quark and gluon Transverse-Momentum-Dependent (TMD) Parton Distribution Functions (PDFs) and Fragmentation Functions (FFs) through Next-to-Next-to-Next-to-Leading Order (N3LO) in QCD. The N3LO TMD PDFs are calculated by solving a system of differential equation of Feynman and phase space integrals. The TMD FFs are obtained by analytic continuation from space-like quantities to time-like quantities, taking into account the probability interpretation of TMD PDFs and FFs properly. The coefficient functions for TMD FFs exhibit double logarithmic enhancement at small momentum fraction z. We resum such logarithmic terms to the third order in the expansion of αs. Our results constitute important ingredients for precision determination of TMD PDFs and FFs in current and future experiments.
Entwicklung der Zahn- und Mundgesundheit in Deutschland von 1997 bis 2014
Authors: Kocher Thomas , Holtfreter Birte , Pitchika Vinay , Kuhr Kathrin , Jordan Rainer A. 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungHintergrundZur Veränderung der oralen Krankheitslast in der deutschen Allgemeinbevölkerung über die letzten 20 Jahre gibt es bisher keine umfassende Darstellung.FragestellungWie haben sich die Prävalenzen der Karies, der Parodontitis und des Zahnverlustes und deren Determinanten von 1997 bis 2014 in Deutschland verändert?Material und MethodenAusgewertet wurden Daten von 35- bis 44- und 65- bis 74-Jährigen der Deutschen Mundgesundheitsstudien (DMS) III, IV und V sowie von 25- bis 74-Jährigen der Studies of Health in Pomerania (SHIP‑0 und SHIP-Trend-0). Der Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth Index (DMFT), die Anzahl füllungsfreier Zähne, der Community Periodontal Index (CPI) als auch Daten zur Zahnzahl und Zahnlosigkeit wurden herangezogen.ErgebnisseIn beiden Studien waren bzgl. der Determinanten eine Zunahme der Probanden mit hoher Schulbildung, eine geringfügige Abnahme der Raucher sowie eine Verbesserung der Mundhygiene zu beobachten. Bei den 35- bis 44-Jährigen stieg die Anzahl gesunder Zähne von 11,9 in DMS III auf 16,8 in DMS V, während bei den Senioren die Anzahl gesunder Zähne um 5,9 anstieg. In SHIP wurde ein ähnlicher Trend beobachtet. Die Prävalenz des höchsten CPI-Grades 4 fiel in den DMS bei den 35- bis 44-Jährigen von 9,3 % auf 3,5 %; bei den Senioren lag der Wert 2014 wieder auf dem Niveau von 1997 (10,5 % und 9,8 %). Parallel dazu hat sich der Anteil der zahnlosen Senioren in beiden Studien halbiert. Die Zahnzahl nahm über alle Altersklassen hinweg zu.DiskussionDMS und SHIP zeigten über die Jahre konsistent eine Zunahme gesunder, füllungsfreier Zähne, eine geringfügige Reduktion der Probanden mit CPI-Grad 4 sowie mehr Zahnerhalt und weniger Zahnlosigkeit. Bedingt durch den höheren Zahnerhalt und die Alterung der Gesellschaft ist in Zukunft mit einer erhöhten parodontalen Behandlungslast zu rechnen.
Cognitive and motor task performance under single- and dual-task conditions: effects of consecutive versus concurrent practice
Authors: Beurskens Rainer , Brueckner Dennis , Voigt Hagen , Muehlbauer Thomas 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe concurrent execution of two or more tasks simultaneously results in performance decrements in one or both conducted tasks. The practice of dual-task (DT) situations has been shown to decrease performance decrements. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of consecutive versus concurrent practice on cognitive and motor task performance under single-task (ST) and DT conditions. Forty-five young adults (21 females, 24 males) were randomly assigned to either a consecutive practice (INT consecutive) group, a concurrent practice (INT concurrent) group or a control (CON) group (i.e., no practice). Both INT groups performed 2 days of acquisition, i.e., practicing a cognitive and a motor task either consecutively or concurrently. The cognitive task required participants to perform an auditory stroop task and the number of correct responses was used as outcome measure. In the motor task, participants were asked to stand on a stabilometer and to keep the platform as close to horizontal as possible. The time in balance was calculated for further analysis. Pre- and post-practice testing included performance assessment under ST (i.e., cognitive task only, motor task only) and DT (i.e., cognitive and motor task simultaneously) test conditions. Pre-practice testing revealed no significant group differences under ST and DT test conditions neither for the cognitive nor the motor task measure. During acquisition, both INT groups improved their cognitive and motor task performance. The post-practice testing showed significantly better cognitive and motor task values under ST and DT test conditions for the two INT groups compared to the CON group. Further comparisons between the two INT groups revealed better motor but not cognitive task values in favor of the INT consecutive practice group (ST: p = 0.022; DT: p = 0.002). We conclude that consecutive and concurrent practice resulted in better cognitive (ST condition) and motor (ST and DT test conditions) task performance than no practice. In addition, consecutive practice resulted in superior motor task performance (ST and DT test conditions) compared to concurrent practice and is, therefore, recommended when executing DT practice schedules.
Paradoxical changes in mood-related behaviors on continuous social isolation after weaning
Authors: Matsumoto Hiyori , Omata Naoto , Kiyono Yasushi , Mizuno Tomoyuki , Mita Kayo , Kosaka Hirotaka 
Published: June 2021

AbstractContinuous social isolation (SI) from an early developmental stage may have different effects in youth and adulthood. Moreover, SI is reported to impair neuronal plasticity. In this study, we used post-weaning rats to compare the impact of continuous SI on depressive-like, anxiety-related, and fear-related behaviors and neuronal plasticity in puberty and adulthood. Furthermore, we assessed the effect of lithium on behavioral changes and neuronal plasticity. Continuous SI after weaning induced depressive-like behaviors in puberty; however, in adulthood, depressive-like and anxiety-related behaviors did not increase, but—paradoxically—decreased in comparison with the controls. The decreased expression of neuronal plasticity-related proteins in the hippocampus in puberty was more prominent in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in adulthood. In contrast, SI after weaning tended to decrease fear-related behaviors in puberty, a decrease which was more prominent in adulthood with increased neuronal plasticity-related protein expression in the amygdala. Lithium administration over the last 14 days of the SI-induced period removed the behavioral and expression changes of neuronal plasticity-related proteins observed in puberty and adulthood. Our findings suggest that the extension of the duration of SI from an early developmental stage does not simply worsen depressive-like behaviors; rather, it induces a behavior linked to neuronal plasticity damage. Lithium may improve behavioral changes in puberty and adulthood by reversing damage to neuronal plasticity. The mechanisms underlying the depressive-like and anxiety-related behaviors may differ from those underlying fear-related behaviors.
Reporting errors in plain radiographs for lower limb trauma—a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: York Thomas , Franklin Christopher , Reynolds Kate , Munro Greg , Jenney Heloise , Harland William , Leong Darren 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Plain radiographs are a globally ubiquitous means of investigation for injuries to the musculoskeletal system. Despite this, initial interpretation remains a challenge and inaccuracies give rise to adverse sequelae for patients and healthcare providers alike. This study sought to address the limited, existing meta-analytic research on the initial reporting of radiographs for skeletal trauma, with specific regard to diagnostic accuracy of the most commonly injured region of the appendicular skeleton, the lower limb.

Method
A prospectively registered, systematic review and meta-analysis was performed using published research from the major clinical-science databases. Studies identified as appropriate for inclusion underwent methodological quality and risk of bias analysis. Meta-analysis was then performed to establish summary rates for specificity and sensitivity of diagnostic accuracy, including covariates by anatomical site, using HSROC and bivariate models.

Results
A total of 3887 articles were screened, with 10 identified as suitable for analysis based on the eligibility criteria. Sensitivity and specificity across the studies were 93.5% and 89.7% respectively. Compared with other anatomical subdivisions, interpretation of ankle radiographs yielded the highest sensitivity and specificity, with values of 98.1% and 94.6% respectively, and a diagnostic odds ratio of 929.97.

Conclusion
Interpretation of lower limb skeletal radiographs operates at a reasonably high degree of sensitivity and specificity. However, one in twenty true positives is missed on initial radiographic interpretation and safety netting systems need to be established to address this. Virtual fracture clinic reviews and teleradiology services in conjunction with novel technology will likely be crucial in these circumstances.