bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kepemimpinan Primal; Studi Pada Kepemimpinan Perusahaaan Pelayaran PT. MK Semarang
Authors: Hendrawan Andi , Sucahyowati Hari , Indriyani Indriyani 
Published: March 2021

Peran Kepemimpinan yang sangat strategis dan penting bagi pencapaian misi, visi dan tujuan suatu organisasi, kepimipinan primal merupakan kepemimpinan berdasarkan kecerdasan emosi, diharapkan kepemimpinan primal merupakan tipe kepmimpinan yang akan meningkatkan kinerja dan kesejahtraan masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan kepemimpinan primal di PT MK Semarang. Penelitian merupakan kualitatif dan kuantitatif dengan mengambil sampel 30 orang Karyawan PT MK. Hasil penelitian menunukan bahwa kepemimpian primal dalam kategori baik bahkan untuk Dimensi komptensi hubungan kategorinya baik sekali.
A Novel Restorative Pulmonary Valve Conduit: Early Outcomes of Two Clinical Trials
Authors: Morales David L. , Herrington Cynthia , Bacha Emile A. , Morell Victor O. , Prodán Zsolt , Mroczek Tomasz , Sivalingam Sivakumar , Cox Martijn , Bennink Gerardus , Asch Federico M. 
Published: March 2021

Objectives: We report the first use of a biorestorative valved conduit (Xeltis pulmonary valve–XPV) in children. Based on early follow-up data the valve design was modified; we report on the comparative performance of the two designs at 12 months post-implantation.Methods: Twelve children (six male) median age 5 (2 to 12) years and weight 17 (10 to 43) kg, had implantation of the first XPV valve design (XPV-1, group 1; 16 mm (n = 5), and 18 mm (n = 7). All had had previous surgery. Based on XPV performance at 12 months, the leaflet design was modified and an additional six children (five male) with complex malformations, median age 5 (3 to 9) years, and weight 21 (14 to 29) kg underwent implantation of the new XPV (XPV-2, group 2; 18 mm in all). For both subgroups, the 12 month clinical and echocardiographic outcomes were compared.Results: All patients in both groups have completed 12 months of follow-up. All are in NYHA functional class I. Seventeen of the 18 conduits have shown no evidence of progressive stenosis, dilation or aneurysm formation. Residual gradients of &gt;40 mm Hg were observed in three patients in group 1 due to kinking of the conduit (n = 1), and peripheral stenosis of the branch pulmonary arteries (n = 2). In group 2, one patient developed rapidly progressive stenosis of the proximal conduit anastomosis, requiring conduit replacement. Five patients in group 1 developed severe pulmonary valve regurgitation (PI) due to prolapse of valve leaflet. In contrast, only one patient in group 2 developed more than mild PI at 12 months, which was not related to leaflet prolapse.Conclusions: The XPV, a biorestorative valved conduit, demonstrated promising early clinical outcomes in humans with 17 of 18 patients being free of reintervention at 1 year. Early onset PI seen in the XPV-1 version seems to have been corrected in the XPV-2, which has led to the approval of an FDA clinical trial.Clinical Trial Registration:www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT02700100 and NCT03022708.
Capturing Initial Understanding and Impressions of Surgical Therapy for Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Das Somnath , Matias Caio M. , Ramesh Sunidhi , Velagapudi Lohit , Barbera Julie P. , Katz Samantha , Baldassari Michael P. , Rasool Mohammad , Kremens Daniel , Ratliff Jeffrey , Liang Tsao-Wei , Wu Chengyuan 
Published: March 2021

Background: Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) is an underutilized surgical therapy for Parkinson's Disease (PD). Both physician and patient hesitancies have been described as potential barriers to DBS, but the specifics of patient perceptions of DBS have not been well-characterized in the general PD population.Objective: To characterize the understanding and impressions of surgical therapy in PD patients prior to formal surgical evaluation.Methods: A 30-question survey assessing impressions of surgical therapy for PD and understanding of DBS for PD was administered to PD patients seen at an urban movement disorders clinic.Results: One hundred and two patients completed the survey. When asked if they would undergo a hypothetical risk-free, curative brain surgery for PD, 98 patients responded “yes.” Patients were more agreeable to “reversible,” “minimally-invasive,” and “incisionless” surgery. 51.2% thought DBS is an “effective” treatment for PD, 76.6% thought it was “invasive,” and 18.3% thought it was “reversible.” 45.2% reported fear of being awake during DBS surgery. Regarding costs, 52.4% were concerned that DBS was “very expensive” or “not covered by insurance.” Initial source of information and perceived treatment effectiveness were not associated with concerns about DBS effectiveness or threats to normality. Negative perceptions of past surgery were associated with concerns about DBS altering mood and personality.Conclusion: Overall, patients expressed concerns regarding procedural efficacy, invasiveness, cost, and irreversibility—independent of the original source of information. Future studies are required to allow us to better understand the impact of these initial findings on DBS hesitancy and underutilization.
Navigated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Motor Mapping Usefulness in the Surgical Management of Patients Affected by Brain Tumors in Eloquent Areas: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Umana Giuseppe Emmanuele , Scalia Gianluca , Graziano Francesca , Maugeri Rosario , Alberio Nicola , Barone Fabio , Crea Antonio , Fagone Saverio , Giammalva Giuseppe Roberto , Brunasso Lara , Costanzo Roberta , Paolini Federica , Gerardi Rosa Maria , Tumbiolo Silvana , Cicero Salvatore , Federico Nicoletti Giovanni , Iacopino Domenico Gerardo 
Published: March 2021

Background: The surgical strategy for brain glioma has changed, shifting from tumor debulking to a more careful tumor dissection with the aim of a gross-total resection, extended beyond the contrast-enhancement MRI, including the hyperintensity on FLAIR MR images and defined as supratotal resection. It is possible to pursue this goal thanks to the refinement of several technological tools for pre and intraoperative planning including intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM), cortico-subcortical mapping, functional MRI (fMRI), navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS), intraoperative CT or MRI (iCT, iMR), and intraoperative contrast-enhanced ultrasound. This systematic review provides an overview of the state of the art techniques in the application of nTMS and nTMS-based DTI-FT during brain tumor surgery.Materials and Methods: A systematic literature review was performed according to the PRISMA statement. The authors searched the PubMed and Scopus databases until July 2020 for published articles with the following Mesh terms: (Brain surgery OR surgery OR craniotomy) AND (brain mapping OR functional planning) AND (TMS OR transcranial magnetic stimulation OR rTMS OR repetitive transcranial stimulation). We only included studies regarding motor mapping in craniotomy for brain tumors, which reported data about CTS sparing.Results: A total of 335 published studies were identified through the PubMed and Scopus databases. After a detailed examination of these studies, 325 were excluded from our review because of a lack of data object in this search. TMS reported an accuracy range of 0.4–14.8 mm between the APB hotspot (n1/4 8) in nTMS and DES from the DES spot; nTMS influenced the surgical indications in 34.3–68.5%.Conclusion: We found that nTMS can be defined as a safe and non-invasive technique and in association with DES, fMRI, and IONM, improves brain mapping and the extent of resection favoring a better postoperative outcome.
Mismatch Repair Deficiency and Microsatellite Instability in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Study of 440 Patients
Authors: Ren Xin-yu , Song Yu , Wang Jing , Chen Long-yun , Pang Jun-yi , Zhou Liang-rui , Shen Song-jie , Cao Xi , Wang Yu-xin , Shao Miao-miao , Liang Zhi-yong , Sun Qiang , Wu Huan-wen 
Published: March 2021

PurposeTo investigate the status of mismatch repair (MMR) and microsatellite instability (MSI) in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and to examine correlations between MMR/MSI status and clinicopathological parameters.MethodsWe retrospectively collected tissue samples from 440 patients with TNBC and constructed tissue microarrays. Protein expression of MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2 was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). We also analyzed 195 patient samples using MSI polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing. Correlations between MSI status and clinicopathological parameters and prognosis were analyzed.ResultsThe median age of the cohort was 49 years (range: 24–90 years) with a median follow-up period of 68 months (range: 1–170 months). All samples were positive for MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2, except for one sample identified as MMR-deficient (dMMR) by IHC, with loss of MSH2 and intact MSH6 expression. MSI PCR revealed no case with high-frequency MSI (MSI-H), whereas 14 (7.2%) and 181 (92.8%) samples demonstrated low-frequency and absence of MSI events, respectively. The dMMR sample harbored low-frequency instability, as revealed by MSI PCR, and a possible EPCAM deletion in the tumor, as observed from next-generation sequencing. No correlations were detected between MMR or MSI status and clinicopathological parameters, programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, or survival.ConclusionsThe incidence of dMMR/MSI-H is extremely low in TNBC, and rare discordant MSI PCR/MMR IHC results may be encountered. Moreover, MMR/MSI status may be of limited prognostic value. Further studies are warranted to explore other predictive immunotherapy biomarkers for TNBC.
Impact of Pediatric Obesity on Diurnal Blood Pressure Assessment and Cardiovascular Risk Markers
Authors: Murphy Margaret O. , Huang Hong , Bauer John A. , Schadler Aric , Makhoul Majd , Clasey Jody L. , Chishti Aftab S. , Kiessling Stefan G. 
Published: March 2021

Background: The prevalence of hypertension is increasing particularly among obese children and adolescents. Obese children and adolescents with hypertension are likely to remain hypertensive as they reach adulthood and hypertension is linked to an increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Twenty-four-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) has become one of the most important tools in diagnosing hypertension in children and adolescents and circadian patterns of blood pressure may be important disease-risk predictors.Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted in patients aged 6–21 years who underwent 24-h ABPM at Kentucky Children's Hospital (KCH) from August 2012 through June 2017. Exclusion criteria included conditions that could affect blood pressure including chronic kidney disease and other renal abnormalities, congenital heart disease, cancer, and thyroid disease. Subjects were categorized by body mass index into normal (below 85th percentile), overweight (85th−95th percentile), stage I obesity (95th−119th percentile), stage II obesity (120th−139th) and stage III obesity (&gt;140th). Non-dipping was defined as a nocturnal BP reduction of &lt;10%.Results: Two hundred and sixty-three patients (156 male patients) were included in the analysis, of whom 70 were normal weight, 33 overweight, 55 stage I obesity, 53 stage II, and 52 stage III obesity. Although there was no significant difference between normal weight and obese groups for prevalence of hypertension, there was a greater prevalence of SBP non-dipping in obese patients as BMI increased (p = 0.008). Furthermore, non-dippers had a significantly elevated LVMI as well as abnormal lab values for uric acid, blood lipid panel, creatinine, and TSH (p &lt; 0.05).Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that obese children and adolescents constitute a large proportion of hypertensive children and adolescents and the severity of pediatric obesity is associated with nocturnal BP non-dipping. Additionally, obesity in children is linked to several cardiovascular risk factors including left ventricular hypertrophy, dyslipidemia, and elevated uric acid levels. Further studies utilizing ABPM measures on risk stratification in this very high-risk population are warranted.
Parental Care on Under Five Child Health Outcomes in Zimbabwe
Authors: Gamette Pius , Jabari Refiloe , Muperere Sibusisiwe Bertha 
Published: March 2021

This study examines the effect of parental care on child health outcomes (stunting, wasting and underweight) in Zimbabwe. The study uses data from the Zimbabwe Demographic Health Survey (ZDHS) (1994-2015) by employing the Ordinary Least Method (OLS) regression approach. The results indicate that breastfeeding and vaccination on each count has a significant negative effect on under-five child health outcomes (stunting and wasting). On the contrary, child-size shows a significant positive effect on wasting and underweight among under-five children in Zimbabwe. Area of residence indicates an under five-child in an urban center is less likely to be wasting than its contemporary in a rural area. The individual effects of mothers’ education, wealth index, child’s sex and marital status show insignificant effects under-five child health outcomes. The policy implication is that health professionals should intensify education on early child suckling and succeeding dietary mix to obviate poor health outcomes. This study also implores the Ministry of Health and Child Care in Zimbabwe to review existing vaccination programmes by extending to households with poor child health outcomes found in inaccessible areas. As a contribution, this study provides a platform for deliberations on family care and child health care in African societies.
Fundamental Parameters of the Eclipsing Binary DD CMa and Evidence for Mass Exchange
Authors: Rosales J. A. , Mennickent R. E. , Djurašević G. , González J. F. , Araya I. , Cabezas M. , Schleicher D. R. G. , Curé M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We present a detailed photometric and spectroscopic analysis of DD CMa, based on published survey photometry and new spectroscopic data. We find an improved orbital period of P
o = 2.0084530(6) days. Our spectra reveal Hβ and Hα absorptions with weak emission shoulders, and we also find a color excess in the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer multiband photometry, interpreted as signatures of circumstellar matter. We model the V-band orbital light curve derived from the ASAS and ASAS-SN surveys, assuming a semidetached configuration and using the mass ratio and temperature of the hotter star derived from our spectroscopic analysis. Our model indicates that the system consists of a B2.5 dwarf and a B9 giant of radii 3.2 and 3.7 R
⊙, respectively, orbiting in a circular orbit of radius 6.75 R
⊙. We also found M
c = 1.7 ± 0.1 M
⊙, T
c = 11,350 ± 100 K, and M
h = 6.4 ± 0.1 M
⊙, T
h = 20,000 ± 500 K, for the cooler and hotter star, respectively. We find broad single emission peaks in Hα and Hβ after subtracting the synthetic stellar spectra. Our results are consistent with mass exchange between the stars and suggest the existence of a stream of gas being accreted onto the early B-type star.
Viewing Angle Effects in Quasar Application to Cosmology
Authors: Prince Raj , Czerny Bożena , Pollo Agnieszka 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The symmetry axes of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are randomly distributed in space, but highly inclined sources are heavily obscured and are not seen as quasars with broad emission lines. The obscuring torus geometry determines the average viewing angle, and if the torus geometry changes with the redshift, this average viewing angle will also change. Thus, the ratio between the isotropic luminosity and observed luminosity may change systematically with redshift. Therefore, if we use quasars to measure the luminosity distance by evaluating the isotropic absolute luminosity and measuring the observed flux, we can have a redshift-dependent bias that can propagate to cosmological parameters. We propose a toy model for testing the effect of viewing angle uncertainty on the measurement of the luminosity distance. The model is based on analytical description of the obscuring torus applied to one-parameter observational data. It illustrates the possible change of the torus covering factor between the two chosen redshift ranges. We have estimated the possible errors in specific cosmological parameters (H
0, Ω
m
) for the flat Lambda cold dark matter cosmology if a method is calibrated at low redshift and applied to the higher redshift. The errors in the cosmological parameters due to potential dependence of the viewing angle on redshift are found to be potentially significant, and the effect will have to be accommodated in the future in all quasar-based cosmological methods. A careful systematic study of AGNs means that a viewing angle across the redshift is necessary, with the use of appropriate samples and models that uniquely determine the inclination of each source.
Antisymmetric Cross-correlation between H i and CO Line Intensity Maps as a New Probe of Cosmic Reionization
Authors: Zhou Meng , Tan Jianrong , Mao Yi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Intensity mapping of the H i 21 cm line and the CO 2.61 mm line from the epoch of reionization has emerged as powerful, complementary, probes of the high-redshift universe. However, both maps and their cross-correlation are dominated by foregrounds. We propose a new analysis by which the signal is unbiased by foregrounds, i.e., it can be measured without foreground mitigation. We construct the antisymmetric part of two-point cross-correlation between intensity maps of the H i 21 cm line and the CO 2.61 mm line, arising because the statistical fluctuations of two fields have different evolution in time. We show that the sign of this new signal can distinguish model independently whether inside-out reionization happens during some interval of time. More importantly, within the framework of the excursion-set model of reionization, we demonstrate that the slope of the dipole of H i–CO cross-power spectrum at large scales is linear to the rate of change of global neutral fraction of hydrogen in a manner independent of reionization parameters, until the slope levels out near the end of reionization, but this trend might possibly depend on the framework of reionization modeling. The H i–CO dipole may be a smoking-gun probe for the speed of reionization, or “standard speedometer” for cosmic reionization. Observations of this new signal will unveil the global reionization history from the midpoint to near the completion of reionization.
VTAM: A robust pipeline for validating metabarcoding data using optimized parameters based on internal controls
Authors: Meglécz Emese , Dubut Vincent , Corse Emmanuel , González Aitor 
Published: March 2021

Metabarcoding has become a powerful approach to study biodiversity from environmental samples but it is still prone to some pitfalls. Several papers have called for good practice in study design, data production and analyses to ensure repeatability and comparability between studies. Notably, the importance of mock community samples, negative controls, and replicates is frequently highlighted (Alberdi et al. 2018, O'Rourke et al. 2020). However, their use in bioinformatics pipelines is often limited to post hoc verification of expectations by the user. Indeed, one of the biggest challenges in metabarcoding analyses is to take into account the trade-off between false positive (FP) and false negative (FN) occurrences. We thus developed the VTAM (Validation and Taxonomic Assignation of Metabarcoding data) pipeline, which is the first tool to use explicitly the negative control and mock samples to find optimal parameters to minimize false positive and negative occurrences. In addition, VTAM addresses all known technical error types including tag-jumps, repeatability among replicates, and also it is able to integrate more than one overlapping markers to further minimize false negative occurrences.
In order to evaluate VTAM, we compared it with two other pipelines: a pipeline based on DADA2 (Callahan et al. 2016) and LULU (Frøslev et al. 2017), and a pipeline based on OBITools3 (Boyer et al. 2016) and metabaR (Zinger et al. 2020). Two datasets from fish and bat diet studies were analysed with the three different pipelines. Based on mock and negative samples, we demonstrate that VTAM showed the best precision for mock samples in both datasets, while specificity in negative controls were comparable among the three pipelines (Fig. 1).
VTAM therefore constitutes a complete pipeline to filter and validate metabarcoding data, from raw FASTQ data to Amplicon Sequence Variant tables with taxonomic assignments. Our pipeline aggregates a series of features rarely grouped in a single pipeline and performs a non-arbitrary parameter optimization based on internal control samples to generate conservative but informative metabarcoding datasets. We believe VTAM provides a very valuable tool for the validation of metabarcoding data, which is essential for conducting robust analyses of biodiversity.
Technical challenges when scaling up macroinvertebrate DNA metabarcoding
Authors: Elbrecht Vasco , Buchner Dominik , Majaneva Markus , Mordente Adriana , Aroviita Jukka , Ekrem Torbjørn , Baattrup-Pedersen Annette , Ólafsson Jón , Johnson Richard , Schartau Ann , Friberg Nikolai , Leese Florian , Kristian Meissner 
Published: March 2021

Bulk macroinvertebrate DNA metabarcoding is proven a useful tool for routine assessment of freshwater ecosystems. Following a small scale study in 2017, using 18 samples from Finland Elbrecht et al. 2017, sampling and metabarcoding efforts were extended to a total of 297 official monitoring samples from Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Iceland, and Finland as part of the SCANDNAnet project. Macroinvertebrates from these samples were morphologically identified and subsequently DNA metabarcoding was performed. While the project was ultimately successful, documenting generally congruence between identification methods, we encountered a wide range of unexpected challenges when scaling sample throughput Meissner et al. 2020.
In this technical talk we highlight major roadblocks and potential solutions to improve turnaround time and reliability of future large scale DNA based monitoring efforts. We identify a need for tighter quality control and quality assurance in laboratory procedures, and exemplify the benefits of laboratory automation when processing hundreds of samples within a single week. We further discuss the need for scalable computational infrastructure, reliable sequencing providers and well-curated, purpose driven, macroinvertebrate reference databases for the Fennoscandian region. The lessons learned from the SCANDNAnet project will be indispensable in building a reliable infrastructure for a future DNA based monitoring of macroinvertebrates across Fennioscandia and beyond.