bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Osteoporosis and Rheumatoid Arthritis-Diagnosis, Diagnostics and Therapy
Authors: Buehring Bjoern , Thomasius Friederike , Schultz Katharina , Maus Uwe 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMany inflammatory rheumatic diseases are associated with an increased fracture risk. Causes include the pro-inflammatory cytokines which are elevated in these diseases, reduced mobility and physical activity often caused by joint pain, and medications that negatively affect bone quality. Osteoporosis, the loss of bone mass and structure is the result. This review article summarizes the current diagnostic and therapeutic osteoporosis recommendations for patients with rheumatoid arthritis. It should be emphasized that early measures for the detection and treatment of osteoporosis are particularly important, since the risk factor constellation often present in this patient population leads to a relatively high imminent fracture risk at the beginning of the disease and the start of glucocorticoid therapy. Treatment initiations as early as possible with effective control of inflammatory activity is therefore essential to reduce the risk of osteoporosis. The administration of glucocorticoids should be reduced as far as the clinical context allows. Fracture risk should be assessed when the RA diagnosis is made and in regular intervals thereafter. Osteoporosis medication should be initiated based on the overall fracture risk. The choice of medication is based on the particular risk and indication. The basis of therapy is an adequate intake of vitamin D and calcium and adapted physical activity
Hausärztliche Einstellungen, Vorgehensweisen und Herausforderungen bei der Unterstützung pflegender Angehöriger – Ergebnisse einer Befragung von Allgemeinmediziner*innen
Authors: Wangler Julian , Jansky Michael 
Published: November 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Hausärzt*innen gelten als gut geeignet, wenn es darum geht, die Informations- und Betreuungsbedürfnisse pflegender Angehöriger zu adressieren. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie ist es, eine Bestandsaufnahme zu leisten, wie Hausärzt*innen ihre Möglichkeiten, pflegende Personen zu unterstützen, einschätzen, welche Schwerpunkte sie setzen und inwieweit sie Herausforderungen erleben.
Methoden Mittels Online-Befragung mit schriftlich-postalischem Anschreiben wurden zwischen Februar und Juni 2021 insgesamt 3556 Hausärzt*innen in Baden-Württemberg, Hessen und Rheinland-Pfalz befragt. Aufgrund des explorativen Ansatzes der Studie erfolgte ausschließlich eine deskriptive Datenanalyse.
Ergebnisse 68 % der Befragten haben häufig mit pflegenden Angehören zu tun; 77 % halten die Hausarztpraxis als primäre Anlaufstelle für Pflegende und die Pflegekoordination für gut geeignet. Verbreitet kommen Betreuungssituationen zustande, indem Angehörige auf Hausärzt*innen zugehen (89 %). Häufige Inhalte betreffen eine Verschlechterung der Pflegesituation (75 %) und eine Veränderung des Pflegebedarfs (84 %); Beratungsgespräche in der Anfangsphase der Pflege sind seltener (40 %). Bei der Wahrnehmung von Bedürfnissen Pflegender und der Prioritätensetzung zeigen sich Unterschiede zwischen urbanen und ländlichen Ärzt*innen. Landärzt*innen gewichten eine proaktive und psychosoziale Betreuung stärker, wohingegen Ärzt*innen in städtischen Regionen vermehrt auf das Facharzt- und Hilfsnetzwerk setzen. Hausärzt*innen erleben diverse Herausforderungen bei der Betreuung Pflegender, darunter die zeitnahe Organisation passender Entlastungsangebote (87 %), die Vermittlung zu geeigneten Hilfsangeboten (79 %) oder die frühzeitige Identifizierung informeller Pflegepersonen (59 %).
Schlussfolgerung Die Hausarztpraxis kann eine zentrale Rolle bei der Unterstützung pflegender Angehöriger spielen. Pflegende sollten frühzeitig vom Praxisteam angesprochen und konsequent an Hilfs- und Unterstützungsangebote verwiesen werden. Zur effektiven Unterstützung einer gelingenden Pflege ist es wichtig, in der triadischen Konstellation die Bedürfnisse Pflegender und Gepflegter gleichermaßen zu berücksichtigen.
Intraoperative Assessment of Gap Balancing in Total Knee Arthroplasty Using Navigation with Joint Stability Graphs
Authors: Song Sang Jun , Lee Hyun Woo , Park Cheol Hee 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to assess continuous gaps in the replaced knee throughout the full range of motion (ROM) after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) using a joint stability graph, and to analyze the gap laxity in the mid-flexion range. Ninety-three TKAs were performed using imageless navigation with a joint stability graph. While positioning guides for each respective cut, the surgeon can safely preview the resection's impact for the resulting joint gaps and control the soft tissue balance at the knee flexion of 0° (extension) and 90° (flexion). The gaps between the femoral component and insert were evaluated throughout the full ROM using the joint stability graph. The mechanical axis (MA) and change of joint line height were radiographically evaluated. Posthoc power analyses using a significant α value of 0.05 were performed on the proportion of the mid-flexion instability as a primary outcome to determine whether the sample had sufficient power. The power was determined to be sufficient (100%). The flexion–extension gap differences in each medial and lateral compartment and the mediolateral gap differences in flexion and extension were all ≤3 mm. None of the knees had mid-flexion instability, which is defined by a peak mid-flexion gap that is 3 mm greater than the smaller value of flexion or extension gap. The average MA was well corrected from varus 11.4° to varus 1.0° postoperatively. The proportion of postoperative well-aligned knees (MA ≤ 3°) was 87.1%. The joint line height was well preserved (14.7 vs. 14.8 mm, p = 0.751). The joint stability graph in TKA using the navigation can effectively evaluate the continuous gap throughout the ROM, including the mid-flexion range. Mid-flexion instability was uncommon in primary TKAs with appropriate alignment and proper preservation of the joint line. The Level of evidence for the study is IV.
Cesarean Birth Morbidity among Women with SARS-CoV-2
Authors: McLaren Rodney , London Viktoriya , Narayanamoorthy Sujatha , Atallah Fouad , Silver Michael , Minkoff Howard 
Published: November 2021

Objective The objective of this study was to compare maternal outcomes of women with and without severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections who underwent cesarean births.
Study Design This was a matched cohort study of pregnant women who had a cesarean birth between March 15, 2020, and May 20, 2020. Cases included women who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. For every case, two patients who tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 were matched by maternal age, gestational age, body mass index, primary or repeat cesarean birth, and whether the procedure was scheduled or unscheduled. We compared rates of adverse postcesarean complications (intraoperative bladder or bowel injury, estimated blood loss more than or equal to 1,000 mL, hemoglobin drop more than 3 g/dL, hematocrit drop more than 10%, need for blood transfusion, need for hysterectomy, maternal intensive care unit admission, postoperative fever, and development of surgical site infection), with the primary outcome being a composite of those outcomes. We also assessed duration of postoperative stay. Fisher's exact tests were performed to compare the primary outcome between both groups.
Results Between March and May 2020, 202 women who subsequently underwent cesarean birth were tested for SARS-CoV-2. Of those 202, 43 (21.3%) patients were positive. They were matched to 86 patients who tested negative. There was no significant difference in the rate of composite adverse surgical outcomes between the groups (SARS-CoV-2 infected 27.9%, SARS-CoV-2 uninfected 25.6%; p = 0.833). There was a higher rate of postoperative fevers (20.9 vs. 5.8%; p = 0.015), but that did not result in a longer length of stay (p = 0.302).
Conclusion Pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 who underwent a cesarean birth did not have an increased risk of adverse surgical outcomes, other than fever, compared with pregnant women without SARS-CoV-2.
Key Points
How analysis of mobile app reviews problematises linguistic approaches to internet troll detection
Authors: Monakhov Sergei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractState-sponsored internet trolls repeat themselves in a unique way. They have a small number of messages to convey but they have to do it multiple times. Understandably, they are afraid of being repetitive because that will inevitably lead to their identification as trolls. Hence, their only possible strategy is to keep diluting their target message with ever-changing filler words. That is exactly what makes them so susceptible to automatic detection. One serious challenge to this promising approach is posed by the fact that the same troll-like effect may arise as a result of collaborative repatterning that is not indicative of any malevolent practices in online communication. The current study addresses this issue by analysing more than 180,000 app reviews written in English and Russian and verifying the obtained results in the experimental setting where participants were asked to describe the same picture in two experimental conditions. The main finding of the study is that both observational and experimental samples became less troll-like as the time distance between their elements increased. Their ‘troll coefficient’ calculated as the ratio of the proportion of repeated content words among all content words to the proportion of repeated content word pairs among all content word pairs was found to be a function of time distance between separate individual contributions. These findings definitely render the task of developing efficient linguistic algorithms for internet troll detection more complicated. However, the problem can be alleviated by our ability to predict what the value of the troll coefficient of a certain group of texts would be if it depended solely on these texts’ creation time.
Steak tournedos or beef Wellington: an attempt to understand the meaning of Stone Age transformative techniques
Authors: Schmidt Patrick 
Published: November 2021

AbstractResearch into human uniqueness is gaining increasing importance in prehistoric archaeology. The most striking behaviour unique to early and modern humans among other primates is perhaps that they used fire to transform the properties of materials. In Archaeology, these processes are sometimes termed “engineering” or “transformative techniques” because they aim at producing materials with altered properties. Were such transformative techniques cognitively more demanding than other tool making processes? Were they the key factors that separated early humans, such as Neanderthals and early Homo sapiens, from other hominins? Many approaches to investigating these techniques rely on their complexity. The rationale behind this is that some techniques required more steps than others, thus revealing the underlying mechanisms of human uniqueness (e.g., unique human culture). However, it has been argued that the interpretation of process complexity may be prone to arbitrariness (i.e., different researchers have different notions of what is complex). Here I propose an alternative framework for interpreting transformative techniques. Three hypotheses are derived from an analogy with well-understood processes in modern-day cuisine. The hypotheses are about i) the requirement in time and/or raw materials of transformative techniques, ii) the difficulty to succeed in conducting transformative techniques and iii) the necessity to purposefully invent transformative techniques, as opposed to discovering them randomly. All three hypotheses make testable predictions.
Verb-final conjunct clauses in Old English prose
Authors: Cichosz Anna 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The aim of this study is to analyse intertextual differences in the use of V-final order in Old English conjunct
clauses and to determine to what extent the source of these differences may be Latin influence. The analysis reveals that the
frequency of V-final order in OE conjuncts is rather limited in most texts, and Bede’s Historia Ecclesiastica
surfaces as the text in which the frequency of V-final conjunct clauses is exceptionally high. The study shows that the regular
use of V-final order in Bede may be interpreted as a translation effect, with Latin inflating the frequency of the pattern in
conjunct clauses, which means that the frequency of V-final conjunct clauses in early OE translations may not reflect native
tendencies.
From case to topology
Authors: Hansen Bjarne Simmelkjær Sandgaard 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe Scanian dialect of Middle Danish underwent a range of changes and reductions in its case system. I argue that these changes were caused neither by phonological developments nor by language contact as often assumed, but by multiple processes of grammaticalisation. The present paper focuses on one of these factors: that the relatively predictable constituent order within the Middle Danish noun phrase made case marking redundant in its function of marking noun-phrase internal agreement between head and modifier(s). This redundancy caused the case system to undergo a regrammation where the indexical sign relations changed so that the expression of morphological case no longer indicated this noun-phrase-internal agreement, leaving only topology (as well as morphologically marked number and gender agreement) as markers of this type of agreement. This factor contributed to the subsequent degrammation of the entire case system.
Phyllachora maydis
. [Distribution map].
Authors: CABI  , EPPO  
Published: November 2021

Abstract

A new distribution map is provided for
Phyllachora maydis
Maublanc. Sordariomycetes: Phyllachorales: Phyllachoraceae. Host: maize (
Zea mays
). Information is given on the geographical distribution in North America (Canada, Ontario, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, Trinidad and Tobago, US Virgin Islands, USA, Florida, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Ohio, Wisconsin), and South America (Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela).
Seeking social justice in crisis: socio-economic rights and citizenship in post-2000 Zimbabwe
Authors: Pikovskaia Kristina 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
The manifestations of the post-2000 economic crisis in Zimbabwe have long been a research subject for scholars who study issues of social justice in Zimbabwe. This article reviews three recent books written on the topic: Simukai Chigudu’s The political life of an epidemic: cholera, crisis and citizenship in Zimbabwe, Davison Muchadenyika’s Seeking urban transformation: alternative urban futures in Zimbabwe, and Building from the rubble: the labour movement in Zimbabwe since 2000, edited by Lloyd Sachikonye, Brian Raftopoulos and Godfrey Kanyenze. Although these works focus on different issues – a healthcare emergency, an urban housing crisis, and the labour movement’s decline, several themes cut across all of them: the economic and political crises, urban politics, experiences of citizenship, and social injustice. Addressing different socio-economic and political processes that emerged due to the crisis, the authors come to a common and important conclusion that despite the rigid political system and persisting social injustice, substantive and substantial changes in Zimbabwe may be achieved through grassroots social mobilisation and collective action.
Materials and possible mechanisms of extremely large magnetoresistance: a review
Authors: Niu Rui , Zhu W K 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Magnetoresistance (MR) is a characteristic that the resistance of a substance changes with the external magnetic field, reflecting various physical origins and microstructures of the substance. A large MR, namely a huge response to a low external field, has always been a useful functional feature in industrial technology and a core goal pursued by physicists and materials scientists. Conventional large MR materials are mainly manganites, whose colossal MR (CMR) can be as high as −90%. The dominant mechanism is attributed to spin configuration aligned by the external field, which reduces magnetic scattering and thus resistance. In recent years, some new systems have shown an extremely large unsaturated MR (XMR). Unlike ordinary metals, the positive MR of these systems can reach 103%–108% and is persistent under super high magnetic fields. The XMR materials are mainly metals or semimetals, distributed in high-mobility topological or non-topological systems, and some are magnetic, which suggests a wide range of application scenarios. Various mechanisms have been proposed for the potential physical origin of XMR, including electron–hole compensation, steep band, ultrahigh mobility, high residual resistance ratio, topological fermions, etc. It turns out that some mechanisms play a leading role in certain systems, while more are far from clearly defined. In addition, the researches on XMR are largely overlapped or closely correlated with other recently rising physics and materials researches, such as topological matters and two-dimensional (2D) materials, which makes elucidating the mechanism of XMR even more important. Moreover, the disclosed novel properties will lay a broad and solid foundation for the design and development of functional devices. In this review, we will discuss several aspects in the following order: (I) introduction, (II) XMR materials and classification, (III) proposed mechanisms for XMR, (IV) correlation with other systems (featured), and (V) conclusions and outlook.
An intelligent fault diagnosis method for rolling bearings based on feature transfer with improved DenseNet and joint distribution adaptation
Authors: Qian Chenhui , Jiang Quansheng , Shen Yehu , Huo Chunran , Zhang Qingkui 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Mechanical intelligent fault diagnosis is an important method to accurately identify the health status of mechanical equipment. Traditional fault diagnosis methods perform poorly in the diagnosis of rolling bearings under complex conditions. In this paper, a feature transfer learning model based on improved DenseNet and joint distribution adaptation (FT-IDJ) is proposed. With this model, we apply it to implement rolling bearing fault diagnosis. A lightweight DenseNet model is firstly proposed to extract the transferable features of the raw vibration signal. Furthermore, the parameters in the DenseNet are constrained by the domain adaptive regularization term and pseudo label learning. The marginal distribution discrepancy and the conditional distribution discrepancy of the learned transferable features are reduced by this way. The proposed method is validated by the diagnosis experiments with CWRU and Jiangnan University rolling bearing datasets. The experimental results showed that the proposed FT-IDJ can classify common rolling bearing faults such as inner ring fault, outer ring fault and rolling element fault. Also, it has higher classification accuracy than DAN and other eight methods, which demonstrates its effectively learning transferable features from auxiliary data.
Evaluation of a micro ionization chamber for dosimetric measurements in image-guided preclinical irradiation platforms
Authors: Silvestre Patallo Ileana , Carter Rebecca , Maughan David , Nisbet Andrew , Schettino Giuseppe , Subiel Anna 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Image-guided small animal irradiation platforms deliver small radiation fields in the medium energy x-ray range. Commissioning of such platforms, followed by dosimetric verification of treatment planning, are mostly performed with radiochromic film. There is a need for independent measurement methods, traceable to primary standards, with the added advantage of immediacy in obtaining results. This investigation characterizes a small volume ionization chamber in medium energy x-rays for reference dosimetry in preclinical irradiation research platforms. The detector was exposed to a set of reference x-ray beams (0.5–4 mm Cu HVL). Leakage, reproducibility, linearity, response to detector’s orientation, dose rate, and energy dependence were determined for a 3D PinPoint ionization chamber (PTW 31022). Polarity and ion recombination were also studied. Absorbed doses at 2 cm depth were compared, derived either by applying the experimentally determined cross-calibration coefficient at a typical small animal radiation platform ‘user’s’ quality (0.84 mm Cu HVL) or by interpolation from air kerma calibration coefficients in a set of reference beam qualities. In the range of reference x-ray beams, correction for ion recombination was less than 0.1%. The largest polarity correction was 1.4% (for 4 mm Cu HVL). Calibration and correction factors were experimentally determined. Measurements of absorbed dose with the PTW 31022, in conditions different from reference were successfully compared to measurements with a secondary standard ionization chamber. The implementation of an End-to-End test for delivery of image-targeted small field plans resulted in differences smaller than 3% between measured and treatment planning calculated doses. The investigation of the properties and response of a PTW 31022 small volume ionization chamber in medium energy x-rays and small fields can contribute to improve measurement uncertainties evaluation for reference and relative dosimetry of small fields delivered by preclinical irradiators while maintaining the traceability chain to primary standards.
An investigation of the physical dynamics of a traveling wave solution called a bright soliton
Authors: Duran Serbay 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study examines the

1
+
2

-dimensional Zoomeron equation, which has recently become popular in applied mathematics and physics. Bright soliton (non-topological), kink wave solution and traveling wave solutions are generated with the advantages of the generalized exponential rational function method. With the help of this method, it is aimed to produce different types of solutions for the Zoomeron equation compared to other traditional exponential function methods. The effects of parameters on the amplitude of the wave function are discussed, along with physical explanations backed by simulations. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of the method for the

1
+
2

-dimensional Zoomeron equation are discussed.
Development of Pulsar Digital Backend Based on RFSoC
Authors: Ergesh Toktonur , Li Jian , Duan Xue-Feng , Pei Xin , Wen Zhi-Gang 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Radio Frequency System on Chip (RFSoC) offers great potential for implementing a complete next generation signal processing system on a single board for radio astronomy. We designed a pulsar digital backend system based on the ZCU111 board. The system uses RFSoC technology to implement digitization, channelization, correlation and high-speed data transmission in the Xilinx ZU28DR device. We have evaluated the performance of the eight 12-bit RF-ADCs, which are integrated in RFSoC, with the maximum sampling rate of 4.096 GSPS. The RF-ADC sampling frequency, channel bandwidth and time resolution can be configured dynamically in our designed system. To verify the system performance, we deployed the RFSoC board on the Nanshan 26 m radio telescope and observed the pulsar signal with a frequency resolution of 1 MHz and time resolution of 64 μs. In the observation test, we obtained pulsar profiles with high signal-to-noise ratio and accurately searched the DM values. The experimental results show that the performance of RF-ADCs, FPGA and CPU cores in RFSoC is sufficient for radio astronomy signal processing applications.