bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel Potent Sleep‐Promoting Effect of Turmeric: Turmeric Increases Non‐Rapid Eye Movement Sleep in Mice Via Histamine H1Receptor Blockade
Authors: Um Min Young , Yoon Minseok , Lee Jaekwang , Jung Jonghoon , Cho Suengmok 
Published: May 2021

ScopeTurmeric has a broad spectrum of biological properties; however, the sleep‐promoting effects of turmeric have not yet been reported. Thus, this study aims to investigate the effect of turmeric on sleep and the molecular mechanism underlying this effect.Methods and ResultsPentobarbital‐induce sleep test and sleep‐wake profile assessment using recorded electroencephalography are used to evaluate the hypnotic effects of the turmeric extract (TE) compared to diazepam on sleep in mice. Additionally, the molecular mechanism of TE's sleep effect is investigated using ex vivo electrophysiological recordings from brain slices in histamine H1 receptor (H1R) knockout mice. Oral administration of TE and diazepam significantly reduce sleep latency and increase non‐rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) duration without delta activity in mice. Like doxepin, TE inhibits the H1R agonist (2‐pyridylethylamine dihydrochloride)‐induced increase in action potentials in the hypothalamic neurons. In animal tests using neurotransmitter agonists or antagonists, TE effect mimick H1R antagonistic effect of doxepin. Additionally, both reduce sleep latency and increase NREMS in wild‐type mice, although these effects are not observed in H1R knockout mice.ConclusionTE has a sleep‐promoting effect owing to reduction in sleep latency and enhancement of NREMS via H1R blockade; therefore, it could be useful in insomnia.
Rapid Clearance of IR783 and Methyl‐β‐cyclodextrin Complex for Improved Tumor Imaging
Authors: Lim Wonbong , Jo Gayoung , Lee Bo Young , Park Min Ho , Hyun Hoon 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNear‐infrared (NIR) fluorescence cancer imaging with targeted NIR fluorophores holds considerable promise for accurate detection and cancer diagnosis. Among the various NIR heptamethine cyanine dyes reported previously, IR783 as a single small molecule has been widely used for tumor‐targeted imaging without the additional conjugation of targeting moieties. Despite the potential advantages of IR783, the major problems, such as its non‐specific uptake in normal tissues/organs and slow clearance, remain to be solved. A key determinant of sensitivity and detectability in tumor imaging is the improvement of the tumor‐to‐background ratio (TBR). Herein, a simple and effective supramolecular complex self‐assembled from IR783 and methyl‐β‐cyclodextrin is developed to improve tumor imaging accompanied by rapid clearance from the body. The IR783‐cyclodextrin complex allowed for rapid whole body biodistribution, which remarkably reduced non‐specific background uptake, and thus increased the TBR value within 24 h post‐injection. Therefore, this strategy is applicable in combination with many different types of carbocyanine dyes for improved tumor imaging.
Role of ventilator and nasal interface in pressure transmission during neonatal intermittent positive pressure ventilation: A bench study
Authors: Rigotti Camilla , Zannin Emanuela , Dognini Giulia , Dellacà Raffaele , Ventura Maria L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe aimed at evaluating pressure transmission and stability during non‐synchronized neonatal nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) delivered using five mechanical ventilators and three nasal interfaces. An artificial nose–throat model was connected to a mechanical analog of the infant respiratory system and a breath generator. Ventilation was administrated via a nasal mask (NM), short bi‐nasal prongs (SBN), or RAM® cannula. We applied positive end‐expiratory pressures (PEEP) of 5 and 10 cmH2O, inspiratory pressures (PIP) of 15 and 30 cmH2O, inspiratory times of 0.23, 0.42, and 0.57 s. Measurements were performed with leaks of 0, 1.5, and 4 L/min. The pressure was measured at the airways opening (PAW) and the glottis (PGL). The difference between set and delivered pressures (PAW) was less than ±1 cmH2O for all ventilators. We documented a significant difference between PAW and PGL in the presence of leaks. With 4 L/min leaks, PEEP dropped by 43%, 49%, and 63% with NM, SBP, and RAM® cannula, respectively; PIP dropped by 58%, 64%, and 74%. On average, the SD of PEEP fluctuations was ±0.60 and ±2.50 cmH2O for PAW and PGL; the breath‐by‐breath SD of PIP was ±0.77 and ±2.06 cmH2O. During NIPPV, the PIP and PEEP transmission to the glottis is markedly lower than the set values and highly variable. The impact of leaks and nasal interface is much more significant than the differences in ventilators' performance on the efficacy of pressure transmission and stability of non‐synchronized ventilator‐generated NIPPV.
Major surface melting over the Ross Ice Shelf part I: Foehn effect
Authors: Zou Xun , Bromwich David H. , Montenegro Alvaro , Wang Sheng‐Hung , Bai Lesheng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWest Antarctica (WA), especially the Ross Ice Shelf (RIS), has experienced more frequent surface melting during the austral summer recently. The future is likely to see enhanced surface melting that will jeopardize the stability of ice shelves and cause ice loss. We investigate four major melt cases over the RIS via Polar Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) simulations (4 km resolution) driven by European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Reanalysis 5th Generation (ERA5) reanalysis data and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) observed albedo. Direct warm air advection, recurring foehn effect, and cloud/upper warm air introduced radiative warming are the three major regional causes of surface melting over WA. In this paper, Part I, the first two factors are identified and quantified. The second paper, Part II, discusses the impact of clouds and summarizes all three factors from a surface energy balance perspective. With a high‐pressure ridge located westward towards the Sulzberger Ice Shelf (77° S, 148° W) and a low‐pressure center located between 165° and 180° W, warm marine air from the Ross Sea is advected towards the coastal RIS and leads to surface melting. When the high‐pressure ridge is located farther east towards Marie Byrd Land (120–150° W), the foehn effect can cause a 2–4°C increase in surface temperature on the leeside of the mountains. For three of four melt cases, more than 40% of the melting period experiences foehn warming. Isentropic drawdown is usually the dominant foehn mechanism and contributes up to a 14°C temperature increase, especially when strong low‐level blocking occurs on the upwind side. The thermodynamic mechanism can be important depending on the strength of moisture uptake and condensation on the windward side. Meanwhile, sensible heat flux contributes less to foehn warming, but still plays an important role in the melting. The prediction of future stability of the RIS should include foehn warming as a major driver.
Dancing with death. A historical perspective on coping with Covid‐19
Authors: de Graaf Beatrice , Jensen Lotte , Knoeff Rina , Santing Catrien 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we address the question on how societies coped with pandemic crises, how they tried to control or adapt to the disease, or even managed to overcome the death trap in history. On the basis of historical research, we describe how societies in the western world accommodated to or exited hardship and restrictive measures over the course of the last four centuries. In particular, we are interested in how historically embedded citizens' resources were directed towards living with and to a certain extent accepting the virus. Such an approach of “applied history” to the management of crises and public hazards, we believe, helps address today's pressing question of what adaptive strategies can be adopted to return to a normalized life, including living with socially acceptable medical, hygienic and other pandemic‐related measures.
Diving inside a hairy black hole
Authors: Grandi Nicolás , Landea Ignacio Salazar 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe investigate the interior of the Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet charged black-hole with scalar hair. We find a variety of dynamical epochs, with the particular important feature that the Cauchy horizon is not present. This makes the violation of the no-hair theorem a possible tool to understand how might the strong cosmic censorship conjecture work.
A planetary boundaries perspective on the sustainability: resilience relationship in the Kenyan tea supply chain
Authors: Mwangi George Mutugu , Despoudi Stella , Espindola Oscar Rodriguez , Spanaki Konstantina , Papadopoulos Thanos 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to examine whether agricultural supply chains (ASC) can be simultaneously sustainable and resilient to ecological disruptions, using the Planetary Boundaries theory. The nine different Planetary Boundaries i.e. climatic change, biodiversity loss, biogeochemical, ocean acidification, land use, freshwater availability, stratosphere ozone depletion, atmospheric aerosols and chemical pollution are examined in relation to ASC sustainability and resilience. Kenya’s tea upstream supply chain sustainability and resilience from the ecological point of view is questioned. This study adopts a multi-case study analysis approach of nine producer organisations from Kenya’s tea supply chain. The data from the in-depth semi-structured interviews and a focus group discussion are analysed using thematic analysis. The Kenyan tea supply chain producers are not aware of all the nine planetary boundaries, although these impact on their resilience practices. They are engaged in pursuing both sustainability and resilience practices. They implement mainly environmental practices in relation to sustainability, while only a few of them are implementing resilience practices. The sustainability and resilience concepts were found to be interrelated, but resilience does not improve at the same pace as sustainability. It is suggested that the relationship between sustainability and resilience is non-linear. Limitations and future research avenues are also provided.
Contribution of social media to cetacean research in Southeast Asia: illuminating populations vulnerable to litter
Authors: Coram Amber , Abreo Neil Angelo S. , Ellis Robert P. , Thompson Kirsten F. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLitter in the marine environment, in particular plastic, is a significant threat to marine megafauna. Cetaceans are known to ingest or become entangled in marine debris, likely impacting individuals and populations. Southeast Asia is a biodiversity hotspot and harbours a diverse cetacean assemblage. However, there are key knowledge gaps relating to the impact of litter in this region due the lack of experts to survey its vast coastlines. This study aims to address such gaps by using social media, gathering data from Facebook posts relating to cetacean strandings and litter across Southeast Asia between 2009 and 2019. Results show that at least 15 cetacean species have been negatively affected by litter, with ingestion most commonly affecting deep-diving species. Epipelagic and mesopelagic foragers were most vulnerable to entanglement. Davao in the Philippines was identified as a litter-related stranding hotspot. The Irrawaddy dolphin (Orcaella brevirostris) and pygmy sperm whale (Kogia breviceps) are particularly vulnerable to litter. The combination of social media and peer reviewed literature can help build a more complete picture of the spatial distribution of marine litter and the scale of the impact it has on cetacean populations. In this study we provide details of a valuable online tool for helping to understand the impact of marine litter on cetaceans and other charismatic species that are a focus of community engagement.
Predicting the need of aortic valve surgery in patients with chronic aortic regurgitation: a comparison between cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging and transthoracic echocardiography
Authors: Faber M. , Sonne C. , Rosner S. , Persch H. , Reinhard W. , Hendrich E. , Will A. , Martinoff S. , Hadamitzky M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTo compare the ability of cardiac magnetic resonance tomography (CMR) and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) to predict the need for valve surgery in patients with chronic aortic regurgitation on a mid-term basis. 66 individuals underwent assessment of aortic regurgitation (AR) both in CMR and TTE between August 2012 and April 2017. The follow-up rate was 76% with a median of 5.1 years. Cox proportional hazards method was used to assess the association of the time-to-aortic-valve-surgery, including valve replacement and reconstruction, and imaging parameters. A direct comparison of most predictive CMR and echocardiographic parameters was performed by using nested-factor-models. Sixteen patients (32%) were treated with aortic valve surgery during follow-up. Aortic valve insufficiency parameters, both of echocardiography and CMR, showed good discriminative and predictive power regarding the need of valve surgery. Within all examined parameters AR gradation derived by CMR correlated best with outcome [χ2 = 27.1; HR 12.2 (95% CI: 4.56, 36.8); (p < 0.0001)]. In direct comparison of both modalities, CMR assessment provided additive prognostic power beyond echocardiographic assessment of AR but not vice versa (improvement of χ2 from 21.4 to 28.4; p = 0.008). Nested model analysis demonstrated an overall better correlation with outcome by using both modalities compared with using echo alone with the best improvement in the moderate to severe AR range with an echo grade II out of III and a regurgitation fraction of 32% in CMR. This study corroborates the capability of CMR in direct quantification of AR and its role for guiding further treatment decisions particularly in patients with moderate AR in echocardiography.
A new perturbative solution to the motion around triangular Lagrangian points in the elliptic restricted three-body problem
Authors: Boldizsár Bálint , Kovács Tamás , Vanyó József 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe equations of motion of the planar elliptic restricted three-body problem are transformed to four decoupled Hill’s equations. By using the Floquet theorem, a perturbative solution to the oscillator equations with time-dependent periodic coefficients are presented. We clarify the transformation details that provide the applicability of the method. The form of newly derived equations inherently comprises the stability boundaries around the triangular Lagrangian points. The analytic approach is valid for system parameters $$0 < e \le 0.05$$

0
<
e
≤
0.05

and $$0 < \mu \le 0.01$$

0
<
μ
≤
0.01

where e denotes the eccentricity of the primaries, while $$\mu $$
μ
is the mass parameter. Possible application to known extrasolar planetary systems is also demonstrated.
Creation of pepper doubled haploids and morphological characterization of androgenic plants
Authors: Grozeva Stanislava , Todorova Velichka , Nankar Amol N. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe Balkan pepper breeding program aims to use in vitro embryogenesis (anther culture) to develop doubled haploid pepper lines with valuable traits. We analyzed the effectiveness of microspore embryogenesis on 17 pepper genotypes comprised of varieties, breeding lines, and F1hybrids of different varietal types (conical, bell shape, and kapia) and characterized the agronomic traits of newly generated doubled haploid lines. The highest androgenic potential was observed in the variety Stryama and breeding line 560/06 with 9.55 and 13.00% reacted anthers, respectively. Of the 186 regenerated plants, 147 were successfully adapted with a survival index of 79.03%. Flow cytometry analysis showed that the haploid:diploid ratio of regenerants was 1.5:1. All diploid plants were confirmed to be androgenic in origin. There were significant differences in terms of quantitative fruit characteristics of length, width, weight, pericarp weight, pericarp thickness, and productivity per plant among the diploid lines. Also, androgenic lines 21, 23, and 74 derived from Stryama and line 55 obtained from Zlaten medal 7 were distinguished with higher values of some fruit traits compared to initial genotypes. Additionally, several androgenesis lines (Stryama lines 21, 23, and 74, and Zlaten medal 7 line 55) scored higher for some fruit traits compared to the initial genotype. These results show that anther culture is a promising tool for the creation of Balkan pepper breeding lines with improved traits.
Parent Questionnaires in the Evaluation of Pre-School Children Referred for Neuropsychiatric Assessment
Authors: Cederlund Mats 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOne-hundred twenty-four pre-school children referred for assessment to a neuropsychiatric team were included in this study of the Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC), ESSENCE-Q, and Conners Abbreviated Parent-Teacher Rating Scale (CAPRS). All three questionnaires showed a good correlation towards severity of symptoms in ASD. The ABC questionnaire was, as has been shown in earlier research less accurate in identifying individuals with ASD having an IQ within the normal range. However the ESSENCE-Q, and the CAPRS proved to identify children with difficulties needing further assessment regardless of intellectual ability. The CAPRS showed a good correlation to severity in ASD indicating difficulties in the regulation of activity and behavior likely to be connected to ASD in pre-school children.
The Maxim of Probabilism, with special regard to Reichenbach
Authors: Rédei Miklós , Gyenis Zalán 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIt is shown that by realizing the isomorphism features of the frequency and geometric interpretations of probability, Reichenbach comes very close to the idea of identifying mathematical probability theory with measure theory in his 1949 work on foundations of probability. Some general features of Reichenbach’s axiomatization of probability theory are pointed out as likely obstacles that prevented him making this conceptual move. The role of isomorphisms of Kolmogorovian probability measure spaces is specified in what we call the “Maxim of Probabilism”, which states that a necessary condition for a concept to be probabilistic is its invariance with respect to measure-theoretic isomorphisms. The functioning of the Maxim of Probabilism is illustrated by the example of conditioning via conditional expectations.
Epidemiology of hospitalizations due to pesticide intoxication-associated acute kidney injury in China
Authors: He Min , Wu Yanhua , Xie Zhen , Li Zhilian , Hao Li , Liu Guohui , He Qiang , Liao Yuanjiang , Ghappar Rizwangul , Peng Hongwei , Xie Jinglie , Wei Xiaohong , Zhang Yusheng , Huang Qiongyi , Chen Yuanhan , Liang Xinling ,   China collaborative study on AKI (CCS-AKI)
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
There is a paucity of epidemiological data regarding pesticide intoxication-associated acute kidney injury (AKI). Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the epidemiological features, risk factors, and adverse outcomes of AKI in this population.

Methods
The data used in this multi-center, hospitalized population-based, retrospective study were retrieved from electronic medical records. AKI was defined as an acute increase in serum creatinine according to the criteria of Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes. The Charlson Comorbidity Index was used to evaluate the burden of in-hospital mortality.

Results
Of 3,371 adult patients in 11 hospitals, 398 (11.8%) were diagnosed with AKI (grade 1, 218 [6.5%]; grade 2, 89 [2.6%]; grade 3, 91 [2.7%]). Herbicide intoxication was associated with the highest incidence of AKI (53.5%) and higher grades of AKI. After multivariable adjustment, pesticide categories and moderate or severe renal disease were independently associated with AKI. As compared with the referred category, insecticide and herbicide intoxications were associated with a 1.3-fold (95% CI 1.688–3.245) and 3.8-fold (95% CI 3.537–6.586) greater risk of AKI. Regardless of the pesticide category, AKI was independently associated with in-hospital mortality, with odds ratios of 3.433 (95% CI 1.436–8.203) for insecticides, 2.153 (95% CI 1.377–3.367) for herbicides, and 4.524 (95% CI 1.230–16.632) for unclassified or other pesticides.

Conclusion
AKI is common in pesticide intoxication and associated with an increased in-hospital mortality. Herbicides pose the greatest risks of AKI and death.
Interfacial Phenomena and Inclusion Formation Behavior at Early Melting Stages of HCFeCr and LCFeCr Alloys in Liquid Iron
Authors: Wang Yong , Karasev Andrey , Park Joo Hyun , Mu Wangzhong , Jönsson Pär G. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Chromium is normally added to liquid alloy in the form of different grades of ferrochromium (FeCr) alloys for the requirement of different alloy grades, such as stainless steels, high Cr cast iron, etc.. In this work, inclusions in two commercially produced alloys, i.e., high-carbon ferrochromium (HCFeCr) and low-carbon ferrochromium (LCFeCr) alloys, were investigated. The FeCr alloy/liquid iron interactions at an early stage were investigated by inserting solid alloy piece into contact with the liquid iron for a predetermined time using the liquid-metal-suction method. After quenching these samples, a diffusion zone between the alloys and the liquid Fe was studied based on the microstructural characterizations. It was observed that Cr-O-(Fe) inclusions were formed in the diffusion zone, FeO
x
inclusions were formed in the bulk Fe, and an “inclusion-free” zone was detected between them. Moreover, it was found that the HCFeCr was slowly dissolved, but LCFeCr alloy was rapidly melted during the experiment. The dissolution and melting behaviors of these two FeCr alloys were compared and the mechanism of the early-stage dissolution process of FeCr alloys in the liquid Fe was proposed.
Sexual, bladder and bowel function following different minimally invasive techniques of radical hysterectomy in patients with early-stage cervical cancer
Authors: Baessler K. , Windemut S. , Chiantera V. , Köhler C. , Sehouli J. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Despite the establishment of radical surgery for therapy of cervical cancer, data on quality of life and patient-reported outcomes are scarce. The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to evaluate bladder, bowel and sexual function in women who underwent minimally invasive surgery for early-stage cervical cancer.

Methods
From 2007–2013, 261 women underwent laparoscopically assisted radical vaginal hysterectomy (LARVH = 45), vaginally assisted laparoscopic or robotic radical hysterectomy (VALRRH = 61) or laparoscopic total mesometrial resection (TMMR = 25) and 131 of them completed the validated German version of the Australian Pelvic Floor Questionnaire (PFQ). Results were compared with controls recruited from gynecological clinics (n = 24) and with urogynecological patients (n = 63).

Results
Groups were similar regarding age, BMI and parity. The TMMR group had significantly shorter median follow-up (16 months versus 70 and 36 months). Postoperatively, deterioration of bladder function was reported by 70%, 57% and 44% in the LARVH, VARRVH and TMMR groups, respectively (p = 0.734). Bowel function was significantly worse after TMMR with a higher deterioration rate in 72 versus 43% (LARVH) and 47% (VARRVH) with a correspondingly higher bowel dysfunction score of 2.9 versus 1.5 and 1.8, respectively and 1.8 in urogynaecological patients. Sexual dysfunction was common in all surgical groups. 38% considered their vagina too short which was significantly associated with deep dyspareunia.
Compared with controls, surgical groups had significantly increased PFQ scores.

Conclusion
Pelvic floor dysfunction commonly deteriorates and negatively impacts on quality of life after minimally invasive radical hysterectomy, especially bowel function after TMMR. Pelvic floor symptoms should routinely be addressed pre- and postoperatively.