bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Responses of Vertebrate Wildlife to Oil and Natural Gas Development: Patterns and Frontiers
Authors: Chalfoun A. D. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Anthropogenic activities can lead to the loss, fragmentation, and alteration of wildlife habitats. I reviewed the recent literature (2014–2019) focused on the responses of avian, mammalian, and herpetofaunal species to oil and natural gas development, a widespread and still-expanding land use worldwide. My primary goals were to identify any generalities in species’ responses to development and summarize remaining gaps in knowledge. To do so, I evaluated the directionality of a wide variety of responses in relation to taxon, location, development type, development metric, habitat type, and spatiotemporal aspects.

Recent Findings
Studies (n = 70) were restricted to the USA and Canada, and taxonomically biased towards birds and mammals. Longer studies, but not those incorporating multiple spatial scales, were more likely to detect significant responses. Negative responses of all types were present in relatively low frequencies across all taxa, locations, development types, and development metrics but were context-dependent. The directionality of responses by the same species often varied across studies or development metrics.

Summary
The state of knowledge about wildlife responses to oil and natural gas development has developed considerably, though many biases and gaps remain. Studies outside of North America and that focus on herpetofauna are lacking. Tests of mechanistic hypotheses for effects, long-term studies, assessment of response thresholds, and experimental designs that isolate the effects of different stimuli associated with development, remain critical. Moreover, tests of the efficacy of habitat mitigation efforts have been rare. Finally, investigations of the demographic effects of development across the full annual cycle were absent for non-game species and are critical for the estimation of population-level effects.
The Szemerédi–Petruska conjecture for a few small values
Authors: Jobson Adam S. , Kézdy André E. , Lehel Jenő 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLet H be a 3-uniform hypergraph of order n with clique number $$\omega (H)=k$$

ω
(
H
)
=
k

. Assume that the union of the k-cliques of H equals its vertex set, the intersection of all maximum cliques of H is empty, but the intersection of all but one k-clique is non-empty. For fixed $$m=n-k$$

m
=
n
-
k

, Szemerédi and Petruska conjectured the sharp bound $$n\hbox {\,\,\char 054\,\,}{m+2\atopwithdelims ()2}$$

n

6

m
+
2

2

. In this note the conjecture is verified for $$m=2,3$$

m
=
2
,
3

and 4.
Migration Between Indian Reserves and Off-Reserve Areas: an Exploratory Analysis Using Census Data Linkage
Authors: Morency Jean-Dominique , Dion Patrice , Grondin Chantal 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNew data linkages between censuses show that migration flows between Indian reserves and off-reserve areas from 2006 to 2011 and from 2011 to 2016 resulted in negative net migration for Indian reserves, meaning that—overall—more people left Indian reserves than entered them. These results differ from the portrait shown by the retrospective information from the 2011 and 2016 censuses, which indicates positive net migration for Indian reserves. A comparison of the information in the two sources revealed two types of inconsistencies that contributed to the observed differences: (1) inconsistencies in migrant status, and (2) inconsistencies in the origin location of migrants, i.e., the retrospective information about a migrant’s place of residence 5 years earlier does not match the place where the migrant was enumerated in the previous census. Results from this paper suggest that there are limitations to using retrospective information on the place of residence 5 years prior to a census to derive estimates of internal migration flows for small geographic areas, such as Indian reserves. New data linkages are a source of information that can be used to validate and improve these estimates, as well as to derive alternative estimates. However, data linkages also have limitations and require careful preparation before use, particularly when it comes to calculating weights to accurately account for unlinked records.
Smoothness of Orlicz function spaces equipped with the p-Amemiya norm
Authors: Li Xiaoyan , Cui Yunan , Wisla Marek 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we will use the convex modular $$\rho ^{*}(f)$$

ρ

∗

(
f
)

to investigate $$\Vert f\Vert _{\Psi ,q}^{*}$$

‖
f
‖

Ψ
,
q

∗

on $$(L_{\Phi })^{*}$$

(

L
Φ

)

∗

defined by the formula $$\Vert f\Vert _{\Psi ,q}^{*}=\inf _{k>0}\frac{1}{k}s_{q}(\rho ^{*}(kf))$$

‖
f
‖

Ψ
,
q

∗

=

inf

k
>
0

1
k

s
q

(

ρ

∗

(
k
f
)

)

, which is the norm formula in Orlicz dual spaces equipped with p-Amemiya norm. The attainable points of dual norm $$\Vert f\Vert _{\Psi ,q}^{*}$$

‖
f
‖

Ψ
,
q

∗

are discussed, the interval for dual norm $$\Vert f\Vert _{\Psi ,q}^{*}$$

‖
f
‖

Ψ
,
q

∗

attainability is described. By presenting the explicit form of supporting functional, we get sufficient and necessary conditions for smooth points. As a result, criteria for smoothness of $$L_{\Phi ,p}~(1\le p\le \infty )$$

L

Φ
,
p

(
1
≤
p
≤
∞
)

is also obtained. The obtained results unify, complete and extended as well the results presented by a number of paper devoted to studying the smoothness of Orlicz spaces endowed with the Luxemburg norm and the Orlicz norm separately.
Organic Rankine cycle for turboprop engine application
Authors: Pateropoulos G.E. , Efstathiadis T.G. , Kalfas A.I. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTThe potential to recover waste heat from the exhaust gases of a turboprop engine and produce useful work through an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) is investigated. A thermodynamic analysis of the engine’s Brayton cycle is derived to determine the heat source available for exploitation. The aim is to use the aircraft engine fuel as the working fluid of the organic Rankine cycle in order to reduce the extra weight of the waste heat recovery system and keep the thrust-to-weight ratio as high as possible. A surrogate fuel with thermophysical properties similar to aviation gas turbine fuel is used for the ORC simulation. The evaporator design as well as the weight minimisation and safety of the suggested application are the most crucial aspects determining the feasibility of the proposed concept. The results show that there is potential in the exhaust gases to produce up to 50kW of power, corresponding to a 10.1% improvement of the overall thermal efficiency of the engine.
Aerodynamics of a wing under figure-of-eight flapping motion: FSI simulations
Authors: Chu Y.-J. , Liew H.-L. , Ganesan P. Balan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates the aerodynamics of a wing under figure-of-eight flapping motion based on Fluid–Structure Interaction (FSI) Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations. The kinematic of a wing under figure-of-eight motion creates a condition with a variable angle-of-attack. The effect of using different angles of attack at an initial condition, namely initial pitch angles, for the wing and the spatial size of the figure-of-eight pattern, namely the input link angle, is investigated. The initial pitch angles input is varied from 0° to 330° in steps of 30°, and the input link angles used are 30°, 45°, and 60°. The Young’s modulus of the wing is 3.4 GPa spanwise, which is the elastic modulus of balsa wood material. In comparison with an initial pitch angle of 0°, the 90° initial pitch angle shows much better flight performance in terms of lift generated and stability. The results show that the maximum average lift coefficient of 0.393 occurs at the 90° initial pitch angle. The maximum lift-induced moment for the 90° initial pitch angle is only 5.55% of the maximum lift induced moment for the 0° initial pitch angle. A higher input link angle generates a greater lift force. The pressure distribution in the vicinity of the wing area and the von Mises stress of the wing are also presented.
The study of variability in engineering design—An appreciation and a retrospective
Authors: Davis Timothy Peter 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We explore the concept of parameter design applied to the production of glass beads in the manufacture of metal-encapsulated transistors. The main motivation is to complete the analysis hinted at in the original publication by Jim Morrison in 1957, which was an early example of discussing the idea of transmitted variation in engineering design, and an influential paper in the development of analytic parameter design as a data-centric engineering activity. Parameter design is a secondary design activity focused on selecting the nominals of the design variables to achieve the required target performance and to simultaneously reduce the variance around the target. Although the 1957 paper is not recent, its approach to engineering design is modern.
Onn-dependent groups and fields II
Authors: Chernikov Artem , Hempel Nadja 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe continue the study ofn-dependent groups, fields and related structures, largely motivated by the conjecture that everyn-dependent field is dependent. We provide evidence toward this conjecture by showing that every infiniten-dependent valued field of positive characteristic is henselian, obtaining a variant of Shelah’s Henselianity Conjecture in this case and generalizing a recent result of Johnson for dependent fields. Additionally, we prove a result on intersections of type-definable connected components over generic sets of parameters inn-dependent groups, generalizing Shelah’s absoluteness of$G^{00}$in dependent theories and relative absoluteness of$G^{00}$in$2$-dependent theories. In an effort to clarify the scope of this conjecture, we provide new examples of strictly$2$-dependent fields with additional structure, showing that Granger’s examples of non-degenerate bilinear forms over dependent fields are$2$-dependent. Along the way, we obtain some purely model-theoretic results of independent interest: we show thatn-dependence is witnessed by formulas with all but one variable singletons; provide a type-counting criterion for$2$-dependence and use it to deduce$2$-dependence for compositions of dependent relations with arbitrary binary functions (the Composition Lemma); and show that an expansion of a geometric theoryTby a generic predicate is dependent if and only if it isn-dependent for somen, if and only if the algebraic closure inTis disintegrated. An appendix by Martin Bays provides an explicit isomorphism in the Kaplan-Scanlon-Wagner theorem.
Saetaspongia sponges from the Cambrian (Stage 4) Balang Formation of Guizhou, China
Authors: Ling Chenchen , Peng Jin , Zhang Hui , Wang Yifan , Shao Yunbin , Sun Quanyi , Wang Qiujun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSaetaspongia so far cannot be confidently assigned to any class-level crown group. Clarifying its phylogenetic position requires new information provided by more detailed studies of previously described and/or new material. Some sponge fossils with the typical skeletal architecture of Saetaspongia have recently been recognized in the Cambrian (Stage 4) Balang Biota of Guizhou, China, including S. jianhensis new species and S. cf. S. densa. The new taxon is characterized by the following features: spicules are fine monaxons and are inclined to be loosely to densely arranged into plumose arrays; skeleton is composed primarily of one major plumose bundle, with an uncertain number (perhaps two) of small plumose arrays; and primary skeleton is occasionally interspersed with some irregularly oriented individual spicules. An additional specimen consisting of large monaxons, with plumose structures and overlying irregular coarse monaxons, closely fits the description and illustrations of previously described S. cf. S. densa. By combining information from previous studies and the present research, fossil evidence indicates that the plumose architecture is a critical feature diagnostic of Saetaspongia and that there are no hexactine-based spicules in this genus. The new material from the Balang Biota further supports the notion that Saetaspongia has a protomonaxonid rather than a hexactinellid affinity. Fossil evidence suggests that Saetaspongia had a wide biogeographic distribution during the early Cambrian and the stratigraphic distribution of this genus extends up to Stage 4.UUID: http://zoobank.org/e9ca5e4a-134c-4daa-9266-19085e32614f.
Co-occurrence of Eutrombicula alfreddugesi and Oswaldofilaria chabaudi in Tropidurus torquatus and first report of microfilariae in the chigger mite: possible evidence of a lifecycle pathway?
Authors: Alves P.V. , Gomides S.C. , Pereira F.B. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
While much attention has been paid to vector-borne filariasis, diseases that threaten millions of people in tropical and subtropical countries, the literature on host–parasite associations and transmission strategies of filarial nematodes in wildlife is scarce. Here, we report the co-occurrence of chigger mites (Eutrombicula alfreddugesi) and onchocercid nematodes (Oswaldofilaria chabaudi) parasitizing the lizard Tropidurus torquatus in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Examination of chiggers established, for the first time, the occurrence of microfilariae in trombiculid mites (Trombiculidae). These larvae were morphologically similar to those recovered from adult females of O. chabaudi. The current evidence suggests that chiggers do not play a role in the transmission of filarioid nematodes, but rather act as accidental or dead-end hosts. Nevertheless, considering the polyphagous nature of trombiculid mites, similar to blood-sucking insects involved in the transmission of several infectious diseases, further studies may shed light on the potential role of chiggers as vectors of filarioids.
The Neglected North Korean Crisis: Women's Rights
Authors: Kim Sea Young , Easley Leif-Eric 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNorth Korea references gender equality in its socialist constitution, but the de facto social and legal circumstances that women face in the country are far below the de jure status they are purported to enjoy. North Korean women endure extremely low public health standards and pervasive harassment. Yet their growing market power and social influence are underestimated. Women account for the majority of North Korean border crossers, and their informal economic activities are supporting families while modernizing the economy. This essay examines the dangers of exploitation that North Korean women face and highlights the ethical and legal imperatives of supporting their roles in marketizing the economy and liberalizing the society in one of the worst human rights–violating states. Women are North Korea's most deserving recipients of international assistance and the country's most promising partners to the world.
Compact stepped slot antenna for ultra-wideband applications
Authors: Hammache B. , Messai A. , Messaoudene I. , Denidni T. A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this paper, a compact stepped slot antenna for ultra-wideband (UWB) applications is proposed. A very small size and UWB bandwidth operation are achieved by integrating a stepped slot in the back side of the antenna. This stepped slot is excited by using a 50 Ω-feed line in the top side of the antenna. The antenna is characterized by an impedance bandwidth between 3.05 GHz and more than 12 GHz. The dimensions of the antenna are 17 mm × 8 mm × 1.27 mm, which leads to the most compact size compared with other works in the literature. The integrated stepped slot is divided into additional elementary slots, where each elementary slot has a matching point. Adding these elementary slots allows to increase further the operating bandwidth. The radiation pattern of the compact stepped slot antenna is omnidirectional in the H-plane and bidirectional in the E-plane. The measurement results agree well with the simulated ones in terms of impedance matching and radiation pattern.
Electron Diffusion and Advection During Nonlinear Interactions With Whistler‐Mode Waves
Authors: Allanson O. , Watt C. E. J. , Allison H. J. , Ratcliffe H. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRadiation belt codes evolve electron dynamics due to resonant wave‐particle interactions. It is not known how to best incorporate electron dynamics in the case of a wave power spectrum that varies considerably on a “sub‐grid” timescale shorter than the computational time‐step of the radiation belt model ΔtRBM, particularly if the wave amplitude reaches high values. Timescales associated with the growth rate of thermal instabilities are very short, and are typically much shorter than ΔtRBM. We use a kinetic code to study electron interactions with whistler‐mode waves in the presence of a thermally anisotropic background. For “low” values of anisotropy, instabilities are not triggered and we observe similar results to those obtained in Allanson et al. (2020, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JA027949), for which the diffusion roughly matched the quasilinear theory over short timescales. For “high” levels of anisotropy, wave growth via instability is triggered. Dynamics are not well described by the quasilinear theory when calculated using the average wave power. Strong electron diffusion and advection occur during the growth phase (≈100 ms). These dynamics “saturate” as the wave power saturates at ≈ 1 nT, and the advective motions dominate over the diffusive processes. The growth phase facilitates significant advection in pitch angle space via successive resonant interactions with waves of different frequencies. We suggest that this rapid advective transport during the wave growth phase may have a role to play in the electron microburst mechanism. This motivates future work on macroscopic effects of short‐timescale nonlinear processes in radiation belt modeling.
Evidence for Decreased Precipitation Variability in the Yucatán Peninsula During the Mid‐Holocene
Authors: Serrato Marks Gabriela , Medina‐Elizalde Martín , Burns Stephen , Weldeab Syee , Lases‐Hernandez Fernanda , Cazares Gabriela , McGee David 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe Yucatán Peninsula (YP) has a complex hydroclimate with many proposed drivers of interannual and longer‐term variability, ranging from coupled ocean–atmosphere processes to frequency of tropical cyclones. The mid‐Holocene, a time of higher Northern Hemisphere summer insolation, provides an opportunity to test the relationship between YP precipitation and ocean temperature. Here, we present a new, ∼annually resolved speleothem record of stable isotope (δ18O and δ13C) and trace element (Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca) ratios for a section of the mid‐Holocene (5.2–5.7 kyr BP), before extensive agriculture began in the region. A meter‐long stalagmite from Río Secreto, a cave system in Playa del Carmen, Mexico, was dated using U–Th geochronology and layer counting, yielding multidecadal age uncertainty (median 2SD of ±70 years). New proxy data were compared to an existing late Holocene stalagmite record from the same cave system, allowing us to examine changes in hydrology over time and to paleoclimate records from the southern YP. The δ18O, δ13C, and Mg/Ca data consistently indicate higher mean precipitation and lower precipitation variability during the mid‐Holocene compared to the late Holocene. Despite this reduced variability, multidecadal precipitation variations were persistent in regional hydroclimate during the mid‐Holocene. We therefore conclude that higher summer insolation led to increased mean precipitation and decreased precipitation variability in the northern YP but that the region is susceptible to dry periods across climate mean states. Given projected decreases in wet season precipitation in the YP’s near future, we suggest that climate mitigation strategies emphasize drought preparation.
Detrusor sphincter dyssynergia: can a more specific definition distinguish between patients with and without an underlying neurological disorder?
Authors: Gross Oliver , Leitner Lorenz , Rasenack Maria , Schubert Martin , Kessler Thomas M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractStudy designCross-sectional study.ObjectivesTo evaluate if specific definitions of detrusor sphincter dyssynergia (DSD) might distinguish between individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) and those with no underlying neurological disorder (NO ND).SettingSingle tertiary university SCI center.MethodsA series of 153 individuals, 81 with traumatic SCI and 72 with NO ND, were prospectively evaluated and included in this study. All individuals underwent a clinical neuro-urological examination, a neurophysiological work-up and a video-urodynamic investigation and were diagnosed with DSD as defined by the International Continence Society (ICS). We determined the DSD grades/types according to the classifications by Yalla (grade 1–3), Blaivas (type 1–3) and Weld (type 1–2). Distribution of the DSD grades/types were compared between SCI and NO ND individuals. Associations between the various DSD grades/types and clinical parameters, such as risk factors for upper urinary tract damage (all individuals) or lower extremity motor scores, SCI injury levels and severity scores (only SCI group), were assessed.ResultsThe distribution of all DSD types were similar between groups (p > 0.05). None of the DSD classifications allowed risk assessment for upper urinary tract damage. A significant association between DSD type and other clinical parameters could not be found (p > 0.05).ConclusionsNone of the investigated DSD definitions can distinguish between patients with SCI and with NO ND. The more complex DSD classifications by Yalla, Blaivas or Weld cannot compete with the ICS binary yes-no definition which is pragmatic and straightforward for managing patients in daily clinical practice.SponsorshipNone.
Suppression of USP7 induces BCR-ABL degradation and chronic myelogenous leukemia cell apoptosis
Authors: Jiang Shuoyi , Wang Xiaoge , He Yuanming , Huang Hongbiao , Cao Biyin , Zhang Zubin , Liu Jinbao , Wang Qi , Huang Zhenqian , Mao Xinliang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractChronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a clonal malignancy of hematopoietic stem cells featured with the fusion protein kinase BCR-ABL. To elicit the mechanism underlying BCR-ABL stability, we perform a screen against a panel of deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) and find that the ubiquitin-specific protease 7 (USP7) drastically stabilizes the BCR-ABL fusion protein. Further studies show that USP7 interacts with BCR-ABL and blocks its polyubiquitination and degradation. Moreover, USP7 knockdown triggers BCR-ABL degradation and suppresses its downstream signaling transduction. In line with this finding, genetic or chemical inhibition of USP7 leads to BCR-ABL protein degradation, suppresses BCR/ABL signaling, and induces CML cell apoptosis. Furthermore, we find the antimalarial artesunate (ART) significantly inhibits USP7/BCR-ABL interaction, thereby promoting BCR-ABL degradation and inducing CML cell death. This study thus identifies USP7 as a putative Dub of BCR-ABL and provides a rationale in targeting USP7/BCR-ABL for the treatment of CML.