bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Signal Properties under Multi-Carrier Chaos–Shift Keying
Authors: Hasan Salsabeel S. , Hussain Zahir M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In recent years, increased demand for high-quality multimedia services requires increasing the wireless communications application data rates and be more reliable and secure. To meet this request, the researches related to Multi-Carrier (MC) transmission technologies have made considerable efforts in recent years because multi-carrier techniques can improve the data transmission rates. In this research, an overall study on performing Multi-Carrier Chaos Shift keying by using a technique Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is presented. A multi-carrier system simulation is designed because of the limited speed provided by Chaos Shift keying (CSK) due to the spreading factor. To increase security in this system; the chaotic sequence was generated by proposed to modify on one of the well-known chaos generators that is a tent map. The performance test and the security analysis were carried out using the Bit Error Rate (BER), Mean Squared Error (MSE), correlation test; the chaotic characteristics of the chaos generators sequences using are tested the Lyapunov Exponent. Results have showed the proposed tent map the autocorrelation is like a delta function, so that it appears as a noise that is difficult to discern the information carried by signal, it is much more sensitive to change the initial state and control parameters, where the proposed tent map provides better chaotic properties for encryption such as greater Lyapunov exponent, compared with well-known chaos maps (Logistic map1, Tent map, Quadratic map), it provides a lower Bit Error Rate (BER) performance than a tent map. In addition, the proposed method to multi-carrier CSK system with various Spreading Factors (SF) values outperforms the CSK system in improving the data transmission rate.
The Sequence G-asymptotic Average Shadowing Property with G-chain transitive
Authors: Al-Juboory Raad safah Abood , Al-Shara’a Iftichar M. T. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Let (M, d) be a compact metric @-space, Φ : M → M be a continuous map. This paper aims to study the idea of the sequence-asymptotic average shadowing property ( {si
}-AASP ) for a continuous map on-space, ( {si:i≥1} be a given positive integers sequence, where s
0 = 0 ) and achieves the relative of the {si
}-AASP with the sequence AASP ( {si
}-AASP ). We prove that if (M, d) are metric 1-spaces, (X, d) then metric 2-spaces and ƒ : 1 χ → Μ, ψ : 2 x Χ → Χ are continuous maps, then ƒ has the 1 {si
}-AASP and ψ has the 2{si
}-AASP if and only if the product ƒ x ψ has the 1 x 2{si
}-AASP. Also, we show that if Φ has the {si
}-AASP then Φ is-chain transitive.
Enhancing VANET Connectivity through a Realistic Model for RSU Deployment on Highway
Authors: Mousa Roaa Jasim , Huszák Árpád , Salman Mahdi Abed 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study proposes a cost-effective deployment of the RSUs, aiming to improve the connectivity of VANET in highway scenarios. Based on real data, we present a general model that provides minimum number of candidate RSUs with their required positions to keep a given segment of highway always connected. The model employs some concepts of graph theory to test the connectivity in addition to stochastic (but based on realistic data) positioning of vehicles in a simulated environment The provided results show the efficiency of RSU deployment for any segment of a highway when real data is available in order to cover all vehicles on the highway.
System Design for Measuring and Monitoring Fuel Consumption Remotely Using Embedded System
Authors: Al-Chalabi Sadeem Marouf M. , Al-Dhahiri Khalid Ahmed 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Recently, many industrial companies, farms, universities, remote projects and others needed to use Power Generators (Fossil Fuel Engines), It is difficult in some cases to know the status of the Generator (whether it ON or OFF?), the average of fuel discharging currently and it’s motor efficiency statues needed to be estimated. In addition, to measuring the fuel spend in the main tank of that institution. There are many methods for measuring fuel discharging, but in this case, the most basic way that has a very good impact and big challenges comparing with manual observations. A Flow Meter Sensor (YF-S201) correlated by Arduino microcontroller “1” which used as a master. For checking the strategical fuel tank, a waterproof ultrasonic sensor (JSN-SR04T) has been used. The collected data transmitted by transmitting chip (RS-485) to second Arduino microcontroller “2” which used as a slave that plugged by serial port into the computer, as well as for transmit the information into the database. The data was remotely viewed by web as a report through Public IP. This research has shown that the method of digital monitoring for fuel discharges was more accurate, safer than manual monitoring and explain how the remote observations give a good impact for the workers.
Approximate Solutions for Solving Time-Space Fractional Bioheat Equation Based on Fractional Shifted Legendre Polynomials
Authors: Al-Saadawi Firas A. , Al-Humedi Hameeda Oda 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The aim of this article was employed a fractional-shifted Legendre polynomials (F-SLPs) in a matrix form to approximate the temporal and spatial derivatives of fractional orders for derived an approximate solutions for bioheat problem of a space-time fractional. The spatial-temporal fractional derivatives are described in the formula by the Riesz-Feller and the Caputo fractional derivatives of orders v (1,2] and γ (0,1], respectively. The proposed methodology applied for two examples for demonstrating its usefulness and effectiveness. The numerical results confirmed that the utilized technique is immensely effective, provides high accuracy and good convergence.
On Paracompactness of the Space CLipk(Ω)
Authors: Abdulkadhum Aljariawi Salam , Al-Nafie Z. D 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
By the construction C<sup>Lipk</sup>(&#x03A9;) we mean the space of all continuous complex-valued functions of class Lip<sup>k</sup>, defined on an open subset &#x03A9; of Euclidean space &#x0211D;<sup>n</sup> the present work, proved the paracompactness of the space C<sup>Lipk</sup>(&#x03A9;), also many important results were discussed and proved.
Localization of Optic Disk and Exudates Detection in Retinal Fundus Images
Authors: Al-Sharfaa Ahmed Hashim , Yousif Ali Yakoob , Al-Saadi Enas Hamood 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Diabetic Retinopathy (DR), is the most prevalent human retina disease. This disease occurred due to diabetes. This disease requires early treatment to avert any malfunction of organs affected by diabetes that could render them dysfunctional. Exudates are the most familiar of diabetic retinopathy earliest signs. In this context, new methods have been developed for the localization and isolation of the optical disk and the discovery of exudates in the retina image. A new algorithm was introduced to localize and segment optical disk prior to process of secretion because it appears in a similar color, density, and in contrast of other features of the retinal image. The algorithm deployed utilizes three steps to extract exudates from physiological properties. In the fundus image, first step depends on the thresholding of intensity, the second is based on Morphological processing and the third step strategically combines a joint of step1 and step 2 to disclose all exudates thereby evicting any sort of bogus positive. The proposed method was applied on several images from the database and thus far concluding accurate and promising results.
Center Set Theory of Proximity Space
Authors: Abdulsada Dheargham Ali , Al-Swidi Luay A. A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
To contribute to solving problems that cannot be solved using classical methods, we present in this paper a new type of set denoted on proximity called the center set and study all its algebraic properties as we have shown the shape of the point in this set. Finally we defined the functions on the center set And study their properties.
Traffic Management with Deployment of Li-Fi Technology
Authors: Al_Barazanchi Israa , Sahy Seba Aziz , Jaaz Zahraa A. , abdulshaheed haider rasheed 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Light Fidelity or commonly known as Li-fi, is an emerging technology that works on the principle of using light as a medium for transferring signals. It is bidirectional and is fully networked wireless communication that focuses on the use of light from light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The system is affluent and can provide connectivity within a larger area with more security, higher data rates and high-speed as compared to Wi-Fi. Apart from that, it relies on the use of visible light communication or infra-red and near-ultraviolet spectrum majorly working on the idea of switching bulbs on and off within nanoseconds. The paper consists of vivid insights about the use of Li-fi as a solution to the excessive traffic congestion in roadways. The paper is further divided into prominent sections that deal in providing an accurate idea about the working and implication of Li-fi technology in the current scenario. Moreover, the paper also proposes various technical standards and modulation that are and will be followed by Li-fi technologies, thereby focusing on its future implication. Apart from that, the main aim of designing the system is to limit traffic congestion and thus, reduce the increasing number of road accident in the present times.
Management of the Process of Securing Customs Interests on the Basis of Identification of Target Indicators
Authors: Shevchuk Serhii 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The article develops and proposes a methodical concept of algorithmization of checking the range of trends and relationships that affect the process of ensuring customs interests. Mathematical dependences within the framework of the conducted simulation modeling are formed, which give the chance to optimize the process of making managerial decisions in the plane of calculation of analytical-factual parameters of substantiation of modern and forecasted trends. It is proposed to consider customs security and customs interests from the standpoint of achieving the appropriate state of the system of economic relations between economic entities. In order to take into account different groups of factors, their chronological change, as well as the impossibility of establishing individual initial parameters, to assess the simulation data, target indicators were identified. It is proved that the selected indicators are the object of management within the framework of using the regulatory potential of the state. Within the framework of checking the quality of indicator management, the two-stage modeling approach (express, complex) was used, the regression of each of them was determined, hypothetical assumptions were formulated and economic-mathematical interdependencies were obtained.
Muon telescope: An experimental observation of leptonbased on coincidence technique
Authors: Bhatnagar Sonali 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Cosmic rays are high energy radiation originating in the cosmos, consisting of nucleonic fragments that rain down on the earth from outside the solar system in the form of Extensive Air Shower (EAS). There are several secondaries generated in these showers. The most common fundamental particles to reach the Earth’s surface are muons, electrons, neutrinos, and gamma rays. The easiest way to extract information from these particles is by keeping the detector on earth’s surface. By requiring coincidence in several detectors, background radiation will automatically be sorted out. A muon telescope consisting of two polystyrene plastic scintillation detectors has been set up in our laboratory. In this paper, secondary flux has been observed by increasing the distance between the detectors, horizontally as well as vertically. This study has been extended for observing the flux on keeping the detector inside, outside and on the top (4.5 meters) of the laboratory building. Horizontal separation, vertical separation, data inside, outside and at the roof of the laboratory building, are five measurements performed using Muon Telescope at constant threshold of discriminator. In this process, one detector was kept at the fixed position and the other detector has been moved with respect to the first one. SEASA (Stockholm Educational Air Shower Array) in Alba Nova Physics Centre in Stockholm, has performed this detector separation study with three detectors and it has been observed that the count rate decreases with the separation between the detectors because the telescope loses the sensitivity to lower energy shower.
Design of Compact and Smart Full Adders for High-Speed Nanometer Technology IC’s
Authors: Mariya Priyadarshini K , Ernest Ravindran R S , Krishna S. Vamsee , Durga Bhavani K 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
It is intensely acknowledged that the key handing out unit of any device competent of carrying out computations is the CPU (Central Processing Unit) and one of the most elementary and central parts of CPU is an ALU (Arithmetic and Logical Unit). The ALU is primarily responsible for carrying out the logical operation, arithmetic operations etc. The proposed full adder has low power consumption and better area efficiency. Post layout simulations using the Mentor graphics tool have been evaluated. The circuits proposed are extremely optimize in terms of transitor switching power and latency, due to small load capacitance and low dissipation of short circuit electricity. Each of the suggested and simulated circuits has its own benefits of speed, power Dissipation, Power Delay Product (PDP), and driving capability. The circuits proposed are studied in terms of voltage input and threshold voltage variations, output load variations, signal to ratio with respect to transistor scaling.
Image processing and Pattern Recognition based Plant Leaf diseases Identification and Classification
Authors: Gayatri Kowju , Kanti R. Divya , Sekhar Rao Rayavarapu V. Ch. , Sridhar B. , Rama Gowri Bobbili V. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The relationship between plants and folks are long-lasting and continuous one as we know plants are having major priority plants play an awfully necessary role in our lives. We tend to relay on plants for food, medicines, soaps, furniture, textiles, etc., therefore it’s terribly crucial for us to early observe various styles of diseases in plants to induce higher yielding. Identification of those plant diseases by Oculus technique is incredibly troublesome and time overwhelming. If identification is inaccurate then there would be a large loss in crops and economical worth of market. Therefore, to resolve these issues and to induce higher returns, we are able to use Image process techniques Laptop assisted technology continually provides higher accuracy than the manual work. Therefore, during this research, we tend to perform segmentation using k-means clustering and classification of diseases using Support Vector Machine classifier.
Automatic Defect Detection and Depth Visualization in Mild Steel Sample Using Quadratic Frequency Modulated Thermal Wave Imaging
Authors: Gopi Tilak V. , Subbarao G. V. , Vijaya Lakshmi A. , Suresh B. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Deeper defect detection and depth resolution capabilities of quadratic frequency-modulated optical stimulus became a viable approach for material inspection in active infrared non-destructive testing modality. But the limitations of complex and non-linear analytical models associated with processing techniques propel towards automated defect assessment techniques in infrared thermography. This paper introduces a deep neural network-based automatic defect detection and depth visualization technique in quadratic frequency modulated thermal wave imaging. The neural network classifier uses the modified loss function of a one-class support vector machine to classify defects. The regression network estimates the depth of classified defects. A mild steel specimen with artificial delaminations is numerically modeled and excited by a quadratic frequency-modulated heat flux. The proposed network classification and regression performances are qualitatively assessed using testing time, accuracy, and mean squared error as a figure of merits.
Wireless Sensor material Fusion based Single photon indium phosphide on silicon chip for frequency-modulated continuous-wave light detection and ranging
Authors: Selvakumar R , Singh Ngangbam Phalguni , Suman Shruti 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Enormous of improvement happing in the Autonomous Vehicle Navigation Sector (AVNS), Especially in Wireless Sensory devices manufacturing materials based investigation and deployment present hotspot research. We investigated various semiconductors materials and proposing Single Photon (SP) driven silicon chip for autonomous System (AS). We also proposed an Indium Phosphide (InP) material composite design and optimization to improve the photon mobility, conductivity and frequency. Material used for fabrication of autonomous system performance is directly propositional in the following factors: thermal stability in various refractive index (nD) The proposed material InP integrated with the white phosphorus reaction with indium iodide at 250 °C, it induces the direct band gap 1.33 eV (600 and speed of electron moments scattered in all the areas. To make it intense path instead of electron we introduced single photon indium phosphide (SPInP) on silicon chip (SoC) adding with photonic integrated circuits (PICs). In this method wavelength sensitivity improved single to three pulse range various from 905 nm to 1480 nm compound attenuation reaches to 0.3833 dB/Km. Signal and detection and conversion SPInP SoC more suitably in Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) coherent based Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) integrated with Indium Phosphide photomultipliers (InPPMs) theory parameter analysis, optimized Angle of Arrival (AoA), less signal error, power ratio, distance, velocity, error detection in frequency domain and simulation desired characteristics are presented.
An Ultrafast all optical Encryption Decryption Scheme based on XOR logic for secure transmission in Optical Networks
Authors: Agarwal Vipul , Anurag Ramisetti , Ganesh Hari Siva , Ramaiah Yalavarthi Sitha 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
An ultrafast encryption decryption scheme is proposed at 160 Gb/s for secure transmission over optical networks. Proposed Encryption decryption circuits have been designed using semiconductor optical amplifier based XOR logic with delay interferometer. Delay interferometer is used to mitigate effect of slow carrier recovery in semiconductor optical amplifier which act as a bottleneck specially for high data rate signal transmission. The system performance is evaluated and investigated in terms of extinction ratio and quality factor. The results demonstrate that proposed scheme is feasible and offers high level of security at ultrafast data rate.
Critical Comparative Study of Robot Path Planning in Grid-Based Environment
Authors: Dhaniya R D , Umamaheswari K M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The path planning problem under two-dimensional maps is a fundamental issue in mobile robotics and other applications (unmanned vehicles, and so forth). The traditional algorithms (graph searching, artificial potential field and so forth) are used to find the shortest path that rely on grid-by-grid searching. The main disadvantage of the traditional methods is robot size is not considered and has much redundant in sharp curves which is difficult to guide a robot movement. In this paper, we compared the five baseline approaches of heuristic methods to find the optimal path which reduces the number of turns and time costs to attain a target. The experimental analysis shows that the second-order x derivative has an advantage over other baseline approaches that the search time and the number of turns are reduced.
MIMO Dual Sensing Antenna with Notch Characteristics
Authors: Mohan Reddy S S , Sanjay B , Aruna Kumari K , Madhav B T P , Prudhvi Nadh B 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDesign of MIMO antenna with having notch band characteristics between 2.5 GHz-3.7 GHz and 7.7 GHz-8. 6 GHz in the Ultra-wide band operating range from 2.3 GHz-9.96 GHz. For getting notch bands in UWB frequency bands, parallel stubs are kept in the ground to separate the radiating patch elements. The parallel stubs placed in the ground plane improved isolation to 18 dB. The ECC less than 0.01 at the frequency band and the DG is close to 9.5 dB. As the antenna is designed on the flexible polyimide substrate it undergone for bending analysis for different angles like 300,600and 900. The prototyped antenna measured results providing good agreement with the simulated once obtained from commercial HFSS tool. The obtained band notching characteristics will object some of the frequency applications like WLAN, WiMAX and X-band satellite communication.
Design and Analysis of Circular Patch Antenna
Authors: Kumar Bayana Lalith Venkat , Pramod Chennupalli Bhaskar , Nagendram S , Kalyan SSS 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The ANSI-based circular microstrip patch antenna is designed to work at 7.4GHz and 12GHz using HFSS simulator software for various WLN (Wireless Local Area Network) applications, Bluetooth, and IoT communications. The circular patch antenna is made using FR4, which is 4.4 KE, 1.6 mm high, and has a gain of 3 dB. It tests countless antenna features such as return loss, radiation adjustment, bandwidth, directivity, antenna gain, and radiation productivity.
Facial Expression Recognition Using KERAS
Authors: Inthiyaz Syed , Muzammil Parvez M , Siva Kumar M , Sri sai Srija J , Tarun Sai M , Amruth Vardhan V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Recognition of Facial expression in technology plays a major role in many sectors. It has many advantages because of which it is very important. It is mainly used in market research and testing. Many companies require a good and accurate testing method which contributes to their development by providing the necessary insights and drawing the accurate conclusions. Facial expression recognition technology can be developed through various methods. This technology can be developed by using the deep learning with the convolutional neural networks (CNN). The main objective here is to classify each face based on the emotions shown into seven categories which include Anger, Disgust, Fear, Happiness, Sadness, Surprise and Neutrality. The main objective here in this project is, to read the facial expressions of the people and displaying them. OpenCV is used for automatic detection of faces and drawing bounding boxes around them. Face detection using the Hear cascades is a machine learning based algorithm where a cascade function will be trained with a set of input data. OpenCV contains many pre-trained classifiers for face, eyes, smile etc. The deep learning is a subset of machine learning. Deep learning is used by Google to translate the information form one language to another using deep learning approach. The network should be trained with relatively more data in deep learning.