bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Localization of Inward Rectifier Potassium Channel Kir7.1 in the Basolateral Membrane of Distal Nephron and Collecting Duct
Authors: OOKATA KAYOKO , TOJO AKIHIRO , SUZUKI YOSHIRO , NAKAMURA NOBUHIRO , KIMURA KENJIRO , WILCOX CHRISTOPHER S. , HIROSE SHIGEHISA 
Published: April 2021

Abstract.
Inward rectifier potassium channels (Kir) play an important role in the K+ secretion from the kidney. Recently, a new subfamily of Kir, Kir7.1, has been cloned and shown to be present in the kidney as well as in the brain, choroid plexus, thyroid, and intestine. Its cellular and subcellular localization was examined along the renal tubule. Western blot from the kidney cortex showed a single band for Kir7.1 at 52 kD, which was also observed in microdissected segments from the thick ascending limb of Henle, distal convoluted tubule (DCT), connecting tubule, and cortical and medullary collecting ducts. Kir7.1 immunoreactivity was detected predominantly in the DCT, connecting tubule, and cortical collecting duct, with lesser expression in the thick ascending limb of Henle and in the medullary collecting duct. Kir7.1 was detected by electron microscopic immunocytochemistry on the basolateral membrane of the DCT and the principal cells of cortical collecting duct, but neither type A nor type B intercalated cells were stained. The message levels and immunoreactivity were decreased under low-K diet and reversed by low-K diet supplemented with 4% KCl. By the double-labeling immunogold method, both Kir7.1 and Na+, K+-ATPase were independently located on the basolateral membrane. In conclusion, the novel Kir7.1 potassium channel is located predominantly in the basolateral membrane of the distal nephron and collecting duct where it could function together with Na+, K+-ATPase and contribute to cell ion homeostasis and tubular K+ secretion.
Deoxycorticosterone Suppresses the Effects of Losartan in Nitric Oxide—Deficient Hypertensive Rats
Authors: DE GRACIA MARIA C. , OSUNA ANTONIO , O'VALLE FRANCISCO , DEL MORAL RAIMUNDO G. , WANGENSTEEN ROSEMARY , DEL RIO CIPRIANO GARCIA , VARGAS FELIX 
Published: April 2021

Abstract.
Chronic inhibition of the renin angiotensin system prevents increased BP and renal injury in NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) hypertension. However, a relationship between plasma renin activity and the protective effect of chronic angiotensin II (Ang II) blockade has not been established. With this background, this study was undertaken to evaluate how the chronic administration of deoxycortisone acetate (DOCA) modifies the effects of losartan on BP, renal injury, and other variables in L-NAME hypertensive rats. The following groups were used: Control, DOCA, L-NAME, L-NAME + losartan, L-NAME + DOCA, and L-NAME + DOCA + losartan. Tail systolic BP was measured twice a week. After 4-wk evolution, mean arterial pressure and metabolic, morphologic, and renal variables were measured. The final mean arterial pressure values were 116 ± 6 mmHg for control, 107 ± 2 mmHg for DOCA, 151 ± 5 mmHg for L-NAME, 123 ± 2 mmHg for L-NAME + losartan, 170 ± 3 mmHg for L-NAME + DOCA, and 171 ± 5.5 mmHg for L-NAME + DOCA + losartan. Losartan prevented microalbuminuria, hyaline arteriopathy, and glomerulosclerosis of L-NAME hypertension but was ineffective in L-NAME + DOCA—treated rats. Plasma protein was significantly reduced in the L-NAME + DOCA group when compared with control and L-NAME groups, whereas no significant differences were observed in the other groups. Plasma renin activity was suppressed in the DOCA (0.55 ± 0.2) and L-NAME + DOCA (0.60 ± 10.2) groups but unsuppressed in the L-NAME + DOCA + losartan group (5.8 ± 1). The conclusion is that DOCA blocks the preventive effect of losartan on the increased BP and renal injury of L-NAME hypertension, which suggests that DOCA transforms L-NAME hypertension into an Ang II—independent model of hypertension. These data also suggest that losartan prevents L-NAME hypertension by blocking the activity of systemic Ang II.
Telomere Shortening in Kidneys with Age
Authors: MELK ANETTE , RAMASSAR VIDO , HELMS LISA M. H. , MOORE RON , RAYNER DAVID , SOLEZ KIM , HALLORAN PHILIP F. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract.
The histology and function of the kidney deteriorates with age and age-related diseases, but the mechanisms involved in renal aging are not known. In vitro studies suggest that telomere shortening is important in replicative senescence, and is accelerated by stresses that increase replication. This study explored the relationship between age and telomere length in surgical samples from 24 human kidneys, which were either histologically normal (17) or displayed histologic abnormalities (7). Telomere loss was assessed by two independent methods: Southern blotting of terminal restriction fragments (TRF) and slot blotting using telomere-specific probes. The results of these methods correlated with each other. The mean TRF length determined by Southern blotting in cortex was about 12 kb pairs (kbp) in infancy and was shorter in older kidneys. The slope of the regression line was about 0.029 kbp (0.24%, P = 0.023) per year. Telomere DNA loss in cortex by the slot blot method was 0.25% per year (P = 0.011). By both methods, the telomere loss in medulla was not significant and was less than in cortex. Comparisons of TRF length from 20 paired samples from cortex and medulla showed that TRF was greater in cortex than medulla, with the differences being greater in young kidneys and lessening with age due to telomere loss in cortex. These findings indicate that telomeres shorten in an age-dependent manner in the kidney, either due to developmental factors or aging, particularly in renal cortex.
Effect of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition on Glomerular Basement Membrane Permeability and Distribution of Zonula Occludens-1 in MWF Rats
Authors: MACCONI DANIELA , GHILARDI MARINA , BONASSI MARIA ENRICA , MOHAMED EHAB I. , ABBATE MAURO , COLOMBI FRANCESCA , REMUZZI GIUSEPPE , REMUZZI ANDREA 
Published: April 2021

Abstract.
The mechanism(s) by which angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors prevent glomerular membrane loss of permselective function is still not understood. In male MWF rats, which develop spontaneous proteinuria with age, ACE inhibitors prevent proteinuria and increase glomerular ultrafiltration coefficient. These renoprotective effects are not associated with ultrastructural changes of capillary wall components. This study was undertaken to investigate whether ACE inhibitors modulate functional properties of glomerular basement membrane (GBM) and/or of epithelial cells, both of which have been suggested to play a role in the maintenance of the glomerular filtration barrier. The hydraulic and macromolecular permeability of the GBM were determined, by an in vitro filtration system, in untreated or lisinopril-treated rats and in Wistar rats taken as controls. By indirect immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy, glomerular distribution of the tight junction protein zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), a component of the slit diaphragm, was also studied. Results document that spontaneous proteinuria in MWF rats develops without significant changes in the permeability of the GBM to water and albumin, or in the ultrastructure of the podocyte foot processes, but is associated with an important alteration in the distribution of ZO-1 at the glomerular level. Lisinopril, which prevented proteinuria, also prevented glomerular redistribution of the protein. Thus, renoprotective effects of ACE inhibitors are not associated with changes in intrinsic functional properties of GBM, or ultrastructural changes of the epithelial cells, but rather with preservation of glomerular ZO-1 distribution and slit diaphragm function, which are essential for maintaining the filtration barrier.
Predictors of Loss of Residual Renal Function among New Dialysis Patients
Authors: MOIST LOUISE M. , PORT FRIEDRICH K. , ORZOL SEAN M. , YOUNG ERIC W. , OSTBYE TRULS , WOLFE ROBERT A. , HULBERT-SHEARON TEMPIE , JONES CAMILLE A. , BLOEMBERGEN WENDY E. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract.
Residual renal function (RRF) in end-stage renal disease is clinically important as it contributes to adequacy of dialysis, quality of life, and mortality. This study was conducted to determine the predictors of RRF loss in a national random sample of patients initiating hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. The study controlled for baseline variables and included major predictors. The end point was loss of RRF, defined as a urine volume <200 ml/24 h at approximately 1 yr of follow-up. The adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and P values associated with each of the demographic, clinical, laboratory, and treatment parameters were estimated using an “adjusted” univariate analysis. Significant variables (P < 0.05) were included in a multivariate logistic regression model. Predictors of RRF loss were female gender (AOR = 1.45; P < 0.001), non-white race (AOR = 1.57; P = <0.001), prior history of diabetes (AOR = 1.82; P = 0.006), prior history of congestive heart failure (AOR = 1.32; P = 0.03), and time to follow-up (AOR = 1.06 per month; P = 0.03). Patients treated with peritoneal dialysis had a 65% lower risk of RRF loss than those on hemodialysis (AOR = 0.35; P < 0.001). Higher serum calcium (AOR = 0.81 per mg/dl; P = 0.05), use of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (AOR = 0.68; P < 0.001), and use of a calcium channel blocker (AOR = 0.77; P = 0.01) were independently associated with decreased risk of RRF loss. The observations of demographic groups at risk and potentially modifiable factors and therapies have generated testable hypotheses regarding therapies that may preserve RRF among end-stage renal disease patients.
Clinico-hematological evaluation in cases of pancytopenia at tertiary care centre: largest cross-sectional study
Authors: Munde Haridas S. , Shende Nitin Y. , Nagare Swati D. 
Published: April 2021

Background: Pancytopenia is characterised by a reduction in all the three cellular elements of blood (erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets) below the normal reference range leading to anaemia, leucopenia and thrombocytopenia. It is a feature of many serious conditions. The present study was conducted to assess aetiology, clinical profile and bone marrow morphology of conditions presenting with pancytopenia.Methods: A two years cross-sectional study from July 2017 to June 2019 was conducted in the Department of Pathology. Total of 300 pancytopenia patient were studied and their clinical features, peripheral smear finding and bone marrow morphology were studied by using marrow aspiration and biopsy.Results: Among 300 cases studied, maximum patients were in the age group 11-20 years (19.66%) with male (50.66%) predominance. Most of the patients presented with weakness (91.66%) and fever (56.66%) as chief complains. The commonest physical finding was pallor (94%) followed by splenomegaly (27.33%). Macrocytic anaemia (43.66%) was commonest peripheral finding. The commonest cause of pancytopenia was megaloblastic anaemia (32.66%) followed by dimorphic anaemia (21%), aplastic anaemia (16%) and acute leukaemia (13.33%).Conclusions: The present study concludes that detailed clinical history, primary haematological investigations along with bone marrow examinations is essential to determine the cause of pancytopenia.
Brain natriuretic peptide in differentiating cardiogenic and non- cardiogenic dyspnoea in patients with renal dysfunction: a single centre study
Authors: Renganathan Sruthi Meenaxshi Subbiah , Rai Madhukar , P. Tiwari J. , Singh Tej Bali 
Published: April 2021

Background: Both BNP (Brain Natriuretic Peptide) and renal function are prognostic indicators of survival in patients with congestive heart failure. However, relationship between BNP, renal function and heart failure as an emergency diagnosis are unknown. The usefulness of BNP as a diagnostic tool in patients with renal dysfunction is thus explored in this study.Methods: The present study was prospectively designed diagnostic test evaluation study conducted in Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi. Out of 166 participants with renal dysfunction defined as creatinine >1.5mg/dl who presented with acute dyspnoea, clinical history, BNP, 2D Echo and baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate were assessed. Patients with severe anaemia, eGFR less than 15 ml/min/1.73 m2 and those on dialysis therapy were excluded from the study. The final diagnosis was adjudicated by cardiologist who was blinded to BNP values.Results: The final diagnosis of CHF was in 104 (62.7%). The correlation between BNP and eGFR values were r=-0.49 for those with CHF (p<0.001) and r=-0.279 (p<0.028) for those without CHF. Median BNP in patients with renal dysfunction with CHF was 1206 pg/ml and without CHF was 186 pg/ml. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and optimal cutpoints for EGFR categories 59-30 ml /min/1.73 m2 and EGFR less than 30 ml/min/1.73m2 were 0.992 and 491.5 pg/ml (sensitivity 97% and specificity 95%) and 1.000 and 512pg/ml (sensitivity 100% and specificity 95.5%) respectively.Conclusions: Renal function weakly correlates with BNP in patients without CHF (congestive heart failure). BNP is an important bed side tool for distinguishing cardiogenic and non-cardiogenic dyspnoea in patients with renal dysfunction requiring higher diagnostic cut points. Thus the present study emphasises BNP is the strong and independent predictor of CHF even after taking renal function into considerations.
The association between laboratory risk indicator for necrotizing fasciitis score with clinical signs and symptoms of necrotizing fasciitis: a retrospective study
Authors: Chauhan Ajay , Patel Yashashvi , Chauhan Amit S. , Mehta Fateh S. 
Published: April 2021

Background: The term necrotizing soft tissue infection encompassing simple pyoderma to life threatening infection, varying with regards to anatomical location, tissue involvement and offending organism. Early diagnosis of necrotizing-STI is important for timely surgical intervention, but physical findings can vary, so misdiagnosis is common. By using WBC, CRP, haemoglobin, Na, creatinine, glucose and clinical examination we can distinguish NF from other STI.Methods: This was a retrospective and randomized study in the Geetanjali Medical College and Hospital affiliated to Geetanjali University from January 2017 to January 2019 during this period total 66 patients with soft tissue Infection were admitted and included. Clinical details and investigations were recorded from the case sheet and were analyzed with WBC, CRP, Hb, Na, creatinine and glucose.Results: The most commonly affected age group was 46-60 years with male preponderance. Most common cause of STI was Trauma 66.66% of the patients having Primary Site Lower Limb in 12.12% and as per LRINEC score 50% of the patients have low risk, 37.87% of the patients have high risk and strongly in favour of NF and 12.12% of the patients have intermediate risk.Conclusions: The LRINEC score is a good tool for NF risk stratification and patients are advised to be careful for presence of NF if LRINEC score is≥6.
Analysis of renal calcular disease among children: our tertiary care experience
Authors: Kanth Anzeen Nazir , Khan Suhail Masood , Khan Azhar Ajaz , Khan Aymen Masood , Kanth Irtifa Nazir 
Published: April 2021

Background: Renal calcular disease is a common disorder that affects patients of all age groups. Paediatric age group is no exception and due to lack of timely intervention it can prove disastrous in the years to come. This study is aimed to assess and evaluate the clinical and metabolic profile of paediatric patients presenting with renal calculi. The research was conducted in a cross-sectional manner. Methods: The research enrolled a total of 254 urolithiasis patients aged 14 or less who presented to G. B. Panth hospital Srinagar. Structured history and relevant investigations were collected from all the patients. The physical exam, blood chemistry, and metabolite excretion in the urine (urinary calcium, citrate, magnesium, and oxalate) were all recorded.Results: There were 65 percent males and 35 percent females (2:1) among the 254 patients, with an average age of 8.15±5.04 years at presentation. In 54% of the patients, hypertension was discovered. Urea and creatinine levels were respectively 73.01, 59 mg/dl and 4.45, 4.01 mg/dl. The amount of PTH in the blood was 51.2931 pg/l. The calcium and phosphorus levels in the blood were 8.44±1.14 and 5.0234±0.895, respectively. Metabolic irregularities were discovered in 95 percent of the patients. Hypercalciuria was the most prevalent (54%), followed by hyperoxaluria (28%). In 21% of the patients, hypocitraturia was observed. In 7.8% of children, distal renal tubular acidosis was discovered. Just 4.7% of the children had a magnesium deficiency in their urine.Conclusions: The majority of children with stone disease have a metabolic risk factor, with hypercalciuria being the most frequent in our environment.
Acute acalculous cholecystitis: an unusual presentation of vitamin B12 deficiency
Authors: Barot Shailesh R. , Barot Vaibhavi S. , Patil Manohar , Chorgh Jagravi 
Published: April 2021

Paediatric cases of acute acalculous cholecystitis (AAC) are due to infectious diseases or immune mediated disorders. Hereby, we present a case of 6 months old infant who presented with excessive crying with irritability and tenderness over right hypochondrium region with a palpable liver. Investigations revealed AAC and anaemia. In the work-up of anaemia, vitamin B12 deficiency was diagnosed and after giving treatment with vitamin B12, anaemia resolved as well as AAC. Through this case report we intent to emphasize the possibility of vitamin B12 deficiency presenting as AAC.
La antropología en el país de los equívocos: sutilezas políticas entre los Yánesha de la Amazonía peruana
Authors: Narro André 
Published: April 2021

Caja de pandora para muchos, el campo político de los pueblos indígenas sigue despertando sorpresas, seguidas de conclusiones apresuradas, en los medios de comunicación e, incluso, en espacios académicos. Tratando de dar contenido a las estructuras y forma a las experiencias de los líderes del pueblo Yánesha, el itinerario de esta crónica parte de las sutilezas de las prácticas que informan este campo para seguir su desarrollo a través de diversas paradojas. Esto, a través de la narración de los tres días de octubre del 2016 en los que tuvo lugar el Congreso Extraordinario de la Federación de Comunidades Nativas Yánesha.
Un análisis del cuerpo trans en el cortometraje “Loxoro”
Authors: Gomez Sophia 
Published: April 2021

“Loxoro” es un cortometraje estrenado en el año 2012 y dirigido por la cineasta peruana Claudia Llosa. La historia muestra la búsqueda de Makuti, una mujer trans que trata de encontrar a Mía, su hija, también trans, quien ha desaparecido hace algunos días. Esta reseña se enfoca en una representación emergente en dicho film: el cuerpo trans. A partir del análisis de algunas escenas claves del cortometraje, se argumenta que el cuerpo trans sufre una serie de violencias, cuyo destino final es la muerte o erradicación del mismo, debido a que su existencia o posibilidad de existencia cuestiona el orden heteronormativo que representa a los agresores. En otras palabras, la existencia de Mía desestabiliza las raíces de la identidad de los agresores: la heteronormatividad violenta.
Imágenes urbanas limeñas: la construcción del concepto de “barrio”, sus significaciones y resignificaciones en la memoria de su gente
Authors: Cristóbal Irene 
Published: April 2021

El presente texto tiene por objetivo delinear prácticas y discursos en torno a la categoría de barrio, a través de las narrativas de actores y actoras con respecto al lugar en que viven, que es, precisamente, la urbanización El Retablo, ubicada en el distrito de Comas. En cuanto a la dimensión de prácticas, las interrogantes que se proponen son las siguientes: ¿cuáles son los límites de mi barrio? ¿Cuál es su fisonomía? ¿Quiénes circulan? y ¿cómo se ha producido? En cuanto a la dimensión de discursos, las interrogantes que se plantean son las siguientes: ¿qué imagen de barrio se ha construido? ¿Cómo varía esta imagen? ¿Qué implica pertenecer al barrio? ¿Quiénes pertenecen a él? ¿Cuál es el papel de la nostalgia? Subsecuentemente, la perspectiva fenomenológica es la entrada pertinente a la experiencia directa de los actores, manifestada en dichas narrativas. Uno de los hallazgos importantes es que la idea de tener múltiples barrios es consecuente con la idea de tener, a su vez, varias identidades. Es interesante resaltar que dicha idea se asocia con el tiempo vivido, expresado en años de residencia en el lugar; pero, sobre todo, con el tiempo recordado e idealizado, editado y representado en imágenes relevantes de gran carga simbólica para las personas. Es decir, el tiempo con significado. Por esta razón, uno podría tener múltiples barrios si vivió y creció en diversos lugares antes de ser adulto. Por el contrario, el tiempo de haber residido no generaría mayor identidad si no se han llegado a establecer vínculos o experiencias que generen significados.
Escuelas rurales en el Perú: factores que acentúan las brechas digitales en tiempos de pandemia (COVID- 19) y recomendaciones para reducirlas
Authors: Anaya Figueroa Tania , Montalvo Castro Jorge , Calderón Adolfo Ignacio , Arispe Alburqueque Claudia 
Published: April 2021

Se estudian los factores que acentúan las brechas digitales de las escuelas rurales en el Perú en el contexto de la pandemia del COVID-19. De esa forma, se aborda la educación básica rural antes y durante la pandemia, factores que acentúan las brechas digitales, políticas de inclusión existentes y diversas recomendaciones para reducirlas. Es un estudio cualitativo, analítico-descriptivo, con elementos comparativos entre lo urbano y lo rural, específicamente la región andina del Perú. Las brechas digitales se acentúan por factores de conectividad, dispositivos, apropiación de la tecnología, inadecuada formación docente, entre otros. El estudio evidencia la necesidad de potencializar el binomio conectividad y formación docente para el uso de las tecnologías de la comunicación y de la información y para el diálogo intercultural en los procesos de aprendizaje.
Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Detection of Genes for Antimicrobial Resistance of Mycoplasma bovis, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli
Authors: Aksoy A. 
Published: April 2021

Background: Mycoplasma bovis (Gram-positive bacteria) belongs the class Mollicutes and to the family Mycoplasmataceae (Maunsell and Donovan, 2009). It is a cell wall-less bacterium and are instead enveloped by a complex plasma membrane. In cattle, M. bovis is widely known causes various diseases, such respiratory disease, mastitis, arthritis and otitis. Methods: The present study was aimed to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility and identify the genes for antimicrobial resistance of Mycoplasma bovis PG45, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. M. bovis PG45, S. aureus and E.coli were subjected to test for their sensitivity to various clinically important antibiotics (Cefotaxime, Cefuroxime, Cefaclor Cefalexin, Ofloxacin, Norfloxacin, Nalidixic acid, Amikacin, Ampicillin, Oxacilin, Amoxyclav, Rifampicin, Penicillin G and Tylosin). The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of each antimicrobial agent was determined by applying an agar dilution method. Polymerase Chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify specific DNA fragments and thus to determine the presence or absence of a target gene (VspA, tet k and tetA). Result: Showed the MIC values and the presence of VspA, tetK and tetA in M. bovis PG45, S. aureus and E. coli respectively.