bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Precision in practice: Comparative evaluation of cytomorphological findings, acid-fast bacilli staining and cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification test for diagnosing suspected cervical tubercular lymphadenopathy
Authors: Nair Bhavya S , C N Anushree , Choudhary Shaista , Sanghamitra Maharana Seema , M Krisha , Raju Akshay 
Published: December 2024

India has the highest burden of tuberculosis with an incidence of 2,590,000 in 2021. Extrapulmonary TB constitutes 15-20% of all TB cases with the lymph node being the most common site. Due to its paucibacillary nature, EPTB is a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge.Comparing FNAC with AFB staining and CB-NAAT for diagnosing cervical tubercular lymphadenopathy.A study was conducted at Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore from Oct 2021 to Jan 2023. 102 suspected cases of cervical tubercular lymphadenopathy were included. Smears were made with FNAC aspirates, stained with H&E, PAP, and AFB, and the remaining aspirate was sent for the CB-NAAT test.In 102 cases, the most affected age group is 21-30 years with more females. Most cases were seen in level V. The 46 cases showed granulomatous lymphadenitis with necrosis. The highest number of CBNAAT and AFB positivity is seen in necrotizing lymphadenitis. CBNAAT showed the most positivity in caseous (87.5%) and the least in blood mixed (35.38%). Overall, CBNAAT showed positivity in 54 cases and AFB showed positivity in 19 cases. CBNAAT demonstrated greater sensitivity (81.97%) than AFB (31.15%) while maintaining high specificity (90.2%) and positive predictive value (92.6%). CBNAAT is a newer and more sensitive diagnostic test for extrapulmonary tuberculosis as compared to FNAC. It is recommended to use CBNAAT in addition to smear microscopy and cytology in FNAC specimens for early and accurate diagnosis and prompt treatment of EPTB.
A retrospective study of relationship of total antioxidant defense and total oxidative stress and level of serum ferritin in type-2 diabetes
Authors: Sen Santanu , Saha Pinaki , Mukherjee Bikramaditya , Pal Prasenjit , Biswas Utpal Kumar 
Published: December 2024

Oxidative stress has been implicated in chronic diseases like Diabetes Mellitus and the antioxidant defense status gets reduced. Ferritin is an acute positive phase reactant, the level of which gets elevated in chronic diseases like Diabetes Mellitus. Whether there is any relation among the markers of oxidative status and the serum ferritin levels in type-2 Diabetes patients is the main objective of the study. Simple colorimetric assay methods were applied to measure Total Antioxidant Defense (TAD) & Total Oxidative Stress (TOS) in serum samples. Ferritin level is estimated by ELISA method with standardized kits. Level of TOS was significantly elevated in cases compared to controls, whereas the level of TAD was observed significantly higher in control group than the cases. Serum ferritin level was found significantly increased in the cases in comparison to the control group. There is a negative correlation among TOS level and TAD levels among cases and controls. There is a strong positive correlation among the levels of TOS and serum ferritin and a negative correlation between TAD and ferritin levels. Instead of TOS and TAD levels, serum ferritin levels can be used to assess the oxidative status of a type-2 Diabetes patient.
Maternal critical illness with special reference to sepsis – A comparison
Authors: Srivastava Shubhi , Misra Malvika 
Published: December 2024

Critical illness in a pregnant lady may occur due to pre-existing medical diseases, from diseases that are concomitant to pregnancy, or conditions that are peculiar to pregnancy. Sepsis is a leading cause of critical illness with high maternal morbidity and mortality in India and worldwide as well. This study was performed to analyze critical diseases in pregnant, postpartum and postabortal women with particular focus on maternal sepsis in a tertiary care hospital in North India.A prospective cross-sectional study was done to analyse all critically ill pregnant women and women within 42 days of delivery or abortion for a study period of one year. Based on the causes of critical illness, Group S (those having sepsis/septic shock) and Group O (those who had critical illnesses excluding sepsis) were defined. Demographic, clinical, microbiological and feto-maternal outcome were recorded and analysed after comparing the parameters between Group S and Group O.Out of 181 critically ill patients, 55 were due to sepsis and 126 were due to other causes. The prevalence of maternal sepsis was 8.4/1000 live births. Out of 181 cases, 75% of the cases were unbooked, 66.3% patients presented antenatally while 27.6% presented in postpartum period and 6.1% were postabortal. The number of maternal deaths attributable to maternal critical illness were 26 which included 61.5% due to sepsis and 38.5% due to other causes of critical illness. In terms of foetal outcome, preterm births were less common in Group S (40%) as compared to Group O (44.4%). NICU admission were also lesser in Group S (32.7%) as compared to Group O (40%).Group S had less number of perinatal deaths (7/55, 12.7%) as compared to Group O (19/126, 15.1%).Critical diseases can make any pregnancy difficult to manage. Monitoring of early warning scores can tell in advance about the clinical deterioration. Maternal sepsis remains a dangerous cause of both maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Successful maternal and neonatal outcomes are largely dependent on early recognition and prompt management of maternal sepsis by a multidisciplinary team.
Prevalence of thrombocytopenia among Indian patients across different cities in India
Authors: Malik Parmila , Khajuria Atul , Khattri Jyotsana , Singh Lalit , VG Veeresh 
Published: December 2024

Thrombocytopenia, which signifies a low platelet count usually below 150 × 109/L, there are various causes for thrombocytopenia, it can be caused due to drug induced, heparin induced, neonatal factors, gestational, chemothepeutic and viral, the incidence of theses causes are essential to study the varied nature of occurrence of thrombocytopenia in the population, by understanding the cause the prevention, cure and management of complications can be well addressed and managed, the present study designed to find the prevalence of thrombocytopenia in Indian patients by selecting various cities in India. : A descriptive cross section survey design used to identify the prevalence rate of thrombocytopenia among Indian patients with various cause and occurrence in India the cities selected for study are Lakhimpur, Panipat, Sonipat, Gohana, Delhi, a total 22832 blood samples were collected from various cities to assess the prevalence of thrombocytopenia, for various causes of thrombocytopenia 1295 blood samples showed the prevalence of thrombocytopenia, of which 261 were caused due to drug used for treatment, 109 due to heparin, 112 were neonatal complication, 137 were gestational, 281 due to chemo drugs, 395 due to viral infection. The prevalence of thrombocytopenia was computed using statistical analysis SPSS version 18.0: The present study found the prevalence rate of drug induced thrombocytopenia was 4.7%, heparin induced thrombocytopenia was 3.8%, neonatal thrombocytopenia was 3.4%, gestational thrombocytopenia was 3.4%, chemo-drug induced thrombocytopenia was 1.6% and viral infection induced thrombocytopenia was 7.07% respectively. Thrombocytopenia is the present study identified the prevalence of the thrombocytopenia among Indian patients is 5.6%.
Role of glypican-3 and heppar-1 in categorization of hepatic space occupying lesions in imaging guided fine needle aspiration cytology
Authors: Bar Prasenjit Kumar , Dash Saurabh , Hazra Rahin , Ghosh Somnath 
Published: December 2024

: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) constitutes of 80% of all primary liver malignancy. Second most common site of metastases is liver. The current study is aimed to diagnose and categorize different primary and metastatic lesions of liver through expression of HepPar-1 and Glypican-3 in FNAC and cell block preparations of materials obtained by ultrasound guided technique.: In this prospective study 50 patients of Nil Ratan Sircar Medical College, Kolkata, are included to see the expressions of immunomarkers in neoplastic hepatic lesions. We got mostly (58%) middle-aged male patients. Eighty percent of patients presented with weight loss. Radiologically, 86% of primary hepatic lesions were solitary. Cirrhotic patients were eight (08). Most of the cases were metastatic carcinomas (72%) and HCC was 22%. Commonest was Grade I. Glypican-3 and HepPar-1 had a sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 41.6%, 100%, 86.0% and 75%, 97.4%, 92% respectively. The combined sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of both markers were 83.3%, 97.4% and 94.0% respectively.Combined use of Glypican-3 and HepPar-1 markers are very useful to differentiate between HCC and metastatic hepatic lesions by using ultrasound guided FNAC.
Exploring the impact of ‘structured mentorship programme’ on psychological adjustments of students in the early phase of medical training
Authors: Mishra Priyadarshini , Baruah Momi 
Published: December 2024

Poor psychological adjustment can have negative influence on health provider as well as patient care. Mentoring bears positive impact on mental health of medical students particularly in early stage of training. The study was conducted among first year MBBS students to assess the effect of structured mentorship programme on their psychosocial wellbeing. This was an interventional study, carried out at tertiary health care teaching institute in Mumbai City of Maharashtra, India. Psychological adjustment was evaluated using DASS (Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale), General Self Efficacy Scale (GSES) and Scale of Psychological Wellbeing. Pre and post intervention scores were calculated. Data analysis was done by SPSS 20.0 and comparisons were performed by ‘Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test’ and ‘Spearman's rank correlation coefficient Test’. A total of 62 (41.33%) students and 15 (100%) mentors participated in the study. There was statistically significant difference (p&#60;0.001) in pre (29.77) and post intervention (31.40) scores of students, indicating positive effect of mentoring programme on their mental health issues. The study could not reveal any significant relationship between individual components (stress, anxiety and depression) of subjects and mentoring programme. The study reported improvement in psychosocial domains of medical students as a result of mentorship programme. Both students and mentors favored the programme and perceived several benefits.
A prospective study on etiology and outcomes of non-traumatic perforation of gastrointestinal tract
Authors: Lakshmikanth Premalatha , Afzal Mohamed 
Published: December 2024

Perforation of the gastrointestinal tract is the commonest surgical emergencies encountered in the emergency department. Peptic ulcer, neoplasms, infections are the common causes for perforation. The management of such perforations was determined by the location of perforation, its dimension and associated comorbidities. The aim of the study is to analyse the incidence, demographic details, etiological factors, location, surgical outcome and postoperative complications of non-traumatic gastrointestinal tract perforation in our tertiary care centre.This study was conducted on 79 patients admitted in general surgery department at Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Govt Hospital, Trichy during the period of one year from September 2021 to September 2022 who presented with acute abdominal pain with radiological evidence of pneumoperitoneum. Clinical history was taken and comorbid illness was recorded. Radiological investigations like X-ray and CECT for needed cases was done. Emergency surgeries were performed and postoperative clinical outcomes were studied. Peptic ulcer perforation was commonest in our study seen in 43 patients (54.43%). Gastric antrum was found to be the commonest site of perforation in 26 patients (37.14%). Malignant perforation seen in patients above 4th decade. Surgical site infection was the commonest post operative complication seen in 15 patients (57.69%). Mortality occurred in 6 cases (7.59%) who presented late with hemodynamic instabilityNon traumatic gastrointestinal perforation was common among males and in age group between 41 to 60 years. Peptic ulcer disease causing antral perforation was common followed by appendicular perforation , colonic perforation due to malignancy was least encountered. Early diagnosis, adequate resuscitative measures and urgent surgical intervention limits the morbidity and mortality to a greater extent.
An analysis of the discrepancies in distance between zygion and mention across the residents of the Gurkha and Kumauni ethnic groups of Uttarakhand region of India
Authors: Sharma Nidhi , Sunita  
Published: December 2024

Studying human subjects is the focus of anthropology. As a result of a differential growth process, facial morphology varies between individuals and helps us to identify them. In this study, the variation between Zygion to mention distance in Gurkha and Kumauni ethnic groups of the Dehradun, Uttarakhand, area of India, was examined with the help of anthropometric tools. In present study, there are two hundred subjects including hundred males and hundred females from ethnic groups of Gurkha and Kumauni ethnic groups, born and gowned from their actual remote areas of Uttarakhand, age group selected from 20 years and to 35 years living subjects. The study sample comprised of random selection from their remote areas. The distance between two bony landmarks is known as the Zygion to mention distance.The correlation is much similar to the threshold value. Its mean that the parameter; Zygion to Mention distance, it is the appropriate anthropometric parameter for the identification of ethnic groups of Gurkha and Kumauni of Uttarakhand region of India.In case of both Gurkha genders the statistical data indicates that the result is showing significance. In Kumauni male and female genders, the statistical data indicates that the result is statistically highly significant. Thus statistic indicates that the correlation is much again similar to the threshold value in case of both ethnic groups.
Hormonal profile analysis in patients of obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Firdaus Huma , Sadaf Shadan , Faiz Abu , Reza Maqsumi 
Published: December 2024

people with obstructivesleep apnea / hypoapnea have disturbed sleep cycle due to partial or total airway collapse in sleep which leads to metabolic changes and abnormalities in secretion of various hormones.: This study included 125 subjects, out of whom 65 were test subjects with AHI &#62;5 and 60 were control subjects with AHI &#60;5 who underwent sleep study and hormonal analysis. SPSS version 25.0 was used for analyzing the data. p&#60; 0.05 and &#60;0.01 were considered as statistically significant and statistically very significant respectively.: In this study out of 65 cases, 9 patients had mild OSA (13.8%), 22 patients had moderate OSA (33.8%), and 34 patients had severe OSA respectively (52.4%). Highest AHI of 40.86 ± 13.11/h was observed in obesity class IV patients. Testosterone level was on the lower side of normal with a further decreasing trend with increasing obesity severity. Mean value of estradiol and progesterone in both pre and post menopausal women was on lower side of normal which further decreased with increasing grades of obesity and the correlation was statistically significant. Similarly mean level of FSH and LH in males, pre and post menopausal females was lowest in patients of severe OSA.: This study conclude that increasing OSA severity is associated with lower levels of Testosterone, Estrogen, leutinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone, progesterone.The recognition and understanding of the complex interactions between hormones and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome may allow a multidisciplinary approach for Effective assessment and management of OSAS and correction of endocrine disturbances in obese patients .Further interventional studies are required to determine wether treating these endocrine abnormalities have any effect on the severity of OSA.
Concordance & discordance analysis between LDLc and apolipoprotein B/Non HDLc among statin treated patients
Authors: Saha Avijit 
Published: December 2024

Atherogenic lipoproteins are the major determinant of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD). Lipid derived ASCVD risk is traditionally been calculated by LDLc level. There are growing evidences that only LDLc value may not be comprehensive while assessing CV risk. There is considerable discordance among different Lipid parameters particularly in statin treated patients.We aimed to look at relationship between apolipoprotein B/ non HDlc and LDLc in statin treated patients.We enrolled patients who were at high risk for ASCVDs & were on stable statin therapy. After detail explanation of study procedure, informed consent was taken from each eligible patient. Then 12 hours fasting blood samples were taken for estimation of lipid profile, apolipoprotein-B. Appropriate statistical tests were done to see concordance & discordance pattern among different lipid parameters.Among 65 enrolled patients, mean age was 53±9.60 years. Among ASCVD major risk factors hypertension was present in 63% patients, diabetes was present in 49.2 % patients. Although 75.4 % patients were at LDLc goal but 52.3 % patients were not achieved their ethnicity specific apolipoprotein-B goal with statin therapy. The correlation between apolipoprotein B and LDL cholesterol was found to be moderate and positive (r=0.460, p&#60;0.001).On further analysis 30.8% patients had discordantly high apolipoprotien-B in comparison to their low LDLc.We need to identify those subset of statin treated patients who remain at high risk for ASCVD events despite attaining optimal LDLc goal due to presence of discordantly high appolipoprotien-B/non HDLc level.
Diagnostic utility of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in adult population of type 2 diabetes mellitus: A tertiary care centre experience
Authors: Sharma Sonam , Varshney Kavya , Singh Mukul , Ranga Sunil 
Published: December 2024

: Diabetes mellitus is a multifactorial, multisystemic, and chronic low-grade metabolic condition. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a basic and novel parameter to assess underlying inflammation and diabetic control levels. This study aimed to compare the values of NLR between type 2 diabetes mellitus cases and normal healthy individuals. Also, to establish a possible correlation, if any between NLR and Glycated hemoglobin A (HbA1c).: This case-control study included 100 cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and similar age & sex-matched healthy controls. The NLR in type 2 diabetic patients and healthy controls were compared to find a possible correlation between NLR and HbA1c levels. : The mean NLR in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients (mean= 4.56±1.3) in comparison with the mean NLR of healthy controls (mean= 1.94±0.95) was found to be significantly elevated (p &#60; 0.001). : An elevated NLR in individuals with no pre-existing health conditions could potentially signify compromised glucose metabolism and ongoing low-level inflammation. Additionally, when paired with HbA1c, it serves as a dependable indicator of diabetes management in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. NLR testing is a secure, uncomplicated, and budget-friendly method that is widely available and can be employed to track the advancement of diseases, ultimately lessening the risk of complications and fatalities.
Comparison of hemi diaphragmatic paresis between ultrasound and peripheral nerve stimulator guided interscalene brachial plexus block in patients undergoing arthroscopic shoulder surgery
Authors: Garg Ankush , Guria Sushil , Mishra Nishant 
Published: December 2024

Shoulder disorders are the third most common cause of musculoskeletal conditions for which shoulder arthroscopy procedures are the mainstay of treatment. Interscalene brachial plexus block is a common regional anaesthesia technique that provides excellent surgical anaesthesia and postoperative analgesia for these procedures. Despite the benefits, a potential disadvantage is the transient ipsilateral hemi diaphragmatic paresis from spread of local anaesthetic to the phrenic nerve which is in close proximity to the brachial plexus leading to respiratory compromise. We hypothesise that ultrasound guided low dose block decreases the incidence of the compliaction as compared to peripheral nerve stimulator guided block.A prospective randomized intervention comparative study was conducted after attaining ethical committee approval and informed consent from the patient. 60 patients were randomized into 2 groups of 30 patients each to group U (ultrasound guided) and group N (PNS guided). Statistical analysis was done using the student T test for continuous data and chi squared test was used for nominal data.The demographic profile and hemodynamic variations of both the groups was similar. There was a decrease in forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) values in the first 30 mins and 1 hour after block in group N as compared to group U which was statistically significant (p&#60; 0.05).The incidence of HDP and decreased PFT values at post block 30 minutes and 1 hour were less in group U as compared to group N.
Prevalence of bacterial vaginosis, vulvovaginal candidiasis and trichomoniasis among pregnant women with special reference to chlamydial infection
Authors: Khatua Sasmita , Priyanka Kumari , Panigrahi Kalpana , Hotta Sasmita , Swain Madhumita , Majhi Subasini 
Published: December 2024

Vaginal infections are a common problem among pregnant women and can lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of vaginal infections among symptomatic and asymptomatic pregnant women in Odisha, India.A total of 200 pregnant women aged 21-35 years attending the antenatal clinic of the Obstetrics and Gynaecology department were included in the study. A performa was prepared to collect data on patient history, personal hygiene, and associated comorbidities. Three high vaginal swabs and 2 ml of blood were collected from each patient and sent to the microbiology laboratory. The prevalence of vaginal infections was determined by analyzing the samples.Out of 200 samples processed, 30% were taken from symptomatic pregnant women and 70% were taken from asymptomatic pregnant women. The overall prevalence of vaginal infections was 59%. Vulvovaginal candidiasis (39%) was the most prevalent infection followed by bacterial vaginosis (30%). Mixed infection (VVC + BV) was found in 16% of the studied population. Chlamydial infection was found in 6% of the women. C. albicans (54%) was the predominant isolate, followed by C. tropicalis (28%). Adverse pregnancy outcomes noted in this study were preterm labor (5.9%) and premature rupture of membranes (2.54%). Vaginal infection had no significant association with adverse pregnancy outcome (P value = 0.971).This study highlights the high prevalence of vaginal infections among pregnant women in Odisha, India. The findings emphasize the need for routine screening and appropriate treatment of vaginal infections during pregnancy to prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes. Further studies with larger sample sizes and additional diagnostic methods are needed to confirm these findings.