bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent progress in three-dimensionally-printed dosage forms from a pharmacist perspective
Authors: Anwar-Fadzil Ahmad Fahmi bin , Yuan Yunong , Wang Lingxin , Kochhar Jaspreet S , Kachouie Nezamoddin N , Kang Lifeng 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Objective
Additive manufacturing (AM), commonly known as 3D printing (3DP), has opened new frontiers in pharmaceutical applications. This review is aimed to summarise the recent development of 3D-printed dosage forms, from a pharmacists’ perspective.

Methods
Keywords including additive manufacturing, 3D printing and drug delivery were used for literature search in PubMed, Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE) and Web of Science, to identify articles published in the year 2020.

Results
For each 3DP study, the active pharmaceutical ingredients, 3D printers and materials used for the printing were tabulated and discussed. 3DP has found its applications in various dosage forms for oral delivery, transdermal delivery, rectal delivery, vaginal delivery, implant and bone scaffolding. Several topics were discussed in detail, namely patient-specific dosing, customisable drug administration, multidrug approach, varying drug release, compounding pharmacy, regulatory progress and future perspectives. AM is expected to become a common tool in compounding pharmacies to make polypills and personalised medications.

Conclusion
3DP is an enabling tool to fabricate dosage forms with intricate structure designs, tailored dosing, drug combinations and controlled release, all of which lend it to be highly conducive to personalisation, thereby revolutionising the future of pharmacy practice.
Political Barriers to Reform: Analysing Australia’s Legitimation of Its Guardianship Framework
Authors: Bennett India 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe guardianship of unaccompanied asylum-seeker children is a contentious aspect of Australian asylum-seeker law and policy. The current legislative framework for guardianship is curtailed by migration legislation and policy and is ineffective for realizing the rights of these children under international law. This paper contributes to existing scholarship on guardianship by critically examining political discourse on child asylum seekers. It combines the discourse-historical approach with doctrinal analysis to uncover the historical and political context and outcomes of the legislation. Critical discourse analysis examines statements made by politicians from both major Australian political parties and the parliamentary report rejecting the most recent attempt at reform. This paper reveals that, to reject reform and justify maintaining the status quo, the government has rationalized the detention of child asylum-seekers as essential to the success of deterrence measures, and moralized these measures by framing them as necessary to protect the lives of those attempting to reach Australia by boat.
Coronary artery bypass graft in an isolated single coronary ostium with triple vessel disease
Authors: Al-Sarraf Nael , Chandrasekar Baskaran 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Single coronary artery (SCA) is a rare congenital anomaly whereby only one coronary artery arises from single coronary artery ostium of the aortic trunk and supplies the whole heart. The incidence of this anomaly is 0.0024–0.066% in patients undergoing coronary angiography. It is usually an isolated anomaly and majority of patients are picked up incidentally. Lipton classification is widely used to classify this anomaly. Most cases are detected by computerized tomography and/or coronary angiography and are treated medically. Here, we present a rare case of type RII-B in which the patient underwent coronary artery bypass graft for severe triple vessel disease presenting as acute myocardial infarction.
Lack of other molecules in CO-rich debris discs: is it primordial or secondary gas?
Authors: Smirnov-Pinchukov Grigorii V , Moór Attila , Semenov Dmitry A , Ábrahám Péter , Henning Thomas , Kóspál Ágnes , Hughes A Meredith , di Folco Emmanuel 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
The nature of the gas in CO-rich debris discs remains poorly understood, as it could either be a remnant from the earlier Class II phase or of secondary origin, driven by the destruction of icy planetesimals. The aim of this paper was to elucidate the origin of the gas content in the debris discs via various simple molecules that are often detected in the less-evolved Class II discs. We present millimetre molecular line observations of nine circumstellar discs around A-type stars: four CO-rich debris discs (HD 21997, HD 121617, HD 131488, HD 131835) and five old Herbig Ae protoplanetary discs (HD 139614, HD 141569, HD 142666, HD 145718, HD 100453). The sources were observed with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) in Bands 5 and 6 with 1–2 arcsec resolution. The Herbig Ae discs are detected in the CO isotopologues, CN, HCN, HCO+, C2H, and CS lines. In contrast, only CO isotopologues are detected in the debris discs, showing a similar amount of CO to that found in the Herbig Ae protoplanetary discs. Using chemical and radiative transfer modelling, we show that the abundances of molecules other than CO in debris discs are expected to be very low. We consider multiple sets of initial elemental abundances with various degrees of H2 depletion. We find that the HCO+ lines should be the second brightest after the CO lines, and that their intensities strongly depend on the overall CO/H2 ratio of the gas. However, even in the ISM-like scenario, the simulated HCO+ emission remains weak as required by our non-detections.
Helicity observations of active regions during the exchange period of Solar Cycle 24 and 25
Authors: Liu Jihong , Liu Yu , Zhang Yin , Huang Jin , Zhang HongQi 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
Using vector magnetic field data from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager instrument onboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory, we study the signs of helicity (magnetic twist αav, z-component of current helicity Hc) and tilt angle of 85 sample active regions (ARs) that appeared on the central solar disc (within ±45° from disc centre) between December 2018 and November 2020. This time range spans the exchange period of Solar Cycle 24 and 25. The main findings are as follows: (1) As a whole, 62 per cent of sample ARs follow the helicity hemispherical sign rule, and our observational results do not show any hemispherical rule sign reversal at the end or beginning of a Solar Cycle. (2) Interestingly, there is no significant statistical relationship between helicity and tilt angle, as in contrast with the general idea on the conservation of magnetic helicity in the solar convection zone inferred by the relationship between the photospheric helicity and tilt angle. It is also found that the hemispherical tendency of helicity and tilt angle is more obvious for ARs at high latitudes, and the hemispherical preference is more obvious for ARs with magnetic twist and writhe of the opposite signs than for ARs with the same signs.
Forecasts on interacting dark energy from the 21-cm angular power spectrum with BINGO and SKA observations
Authors: Xiao Linfeng , Costa Andre A , Wang Bin 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
Neutral hydrogen (H i) intensity mapping is a promising technique to probe the large-scale structure of the Universe, improving our understanding of the late-time accelerated expansion. In this work, we first scrutinize how an alternative cosmology, interacting dark energy (IDE), can affect the 21-cm angular power spectrum relative to the concordance ΛCDM model. We re-derive the 21-cm brightness temperature fluctuation in the context of such an interaction and uncover an extra new contribution. Then we estimate the noise level of three upcoming H i intensity mapping surveys, namely Baryon Acoustic Oscillations from Integrated Neutral Gas Observations (BINGO), Square Kilometre Array (SKA1)-MID Band 1 and Band 2, and employ a Fisher matrix approach to forecast their constraints on the IDE model. We find that while Planck 2018 maintains its dominion over early-Universe parameter constraints, BINGO and SKA1-MID Band 2 provide complementary bounding to the latest cosmic microwave background measurements on the dark energy equation of state w, the interacting strength λi and the reduced Hubble constant h, and that SKA1-MID Band 1 even outperforms Planck 2018 in these late-Universe parameter constraints. The expected minimum uncertainties are given by SKA1-MID Band 1 + Planck: $\sim 0.34{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ on w, $\sim 0.22{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ on h, $\sim 0.64{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ on H i bias bHi, and an absolute uncertainty of about 3 × 10−4 (7 × 10−4) on λ1 (λ2). Moreover, we quantify the effects from systematics of the redshift bin number, redshift-space distortions, foreground residuals and uncertainties on the measured H i fraction, ΩHi(z). Our results indicate a bright prospect for H i intensity mapping surveys in constraining IDE, whether on their own or by synergies with other measurements.
Addiction-Related Outcomes of Nicotine and Alcohol Co-use: New Insights Following the Rise in Vaping
Authors: Frie Jude A , Nolan Caitlin J , Murray Jennifer E , Khokhar Jibran Y 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Purpose
Nicotine and alcohol-containing products are some of the most commonly used substances of abuse and are both leading causes of preventable death. These substances also have significant interactions that have additive and, in some cases, multiplicative effects on the health consequences of their use. Thus, to reduce these negative consequences, it is important to understand the abuse liability of nicotine and alcohol in combination, especially in the most relevant use cases among those who are most vulnerable. Specifically, as tobacco cigarette use is continually decreasing, vaping is quickly replacing cigarettes as the primary mode of nicotine use. This pattern is especially true in adolescent populations in which vaping has grown considerably. Particularly concerning is that adolescents are more vulnerable than adults to the negative consequences of substance use. It is therefore imperative to revisit the literature as it relates to the rising state of co-use of vaping products with alcohol. Here, we review the clinical outcomes of nicotine and alcohol co-use as they relate to the abuse liability of each individually. Special attention is paid to adolescent findings, where available, as well as investigations that use nontobacco nicotine products as these may more accurately reflect the more recent trends of co-use.

Implications
Though nicotine alone has previously been considered a proxy for tobacco and tobacco cigarette use, combustible routes of administration have been decreasing. They are, instead, being replaced by e-cigarettes that do not involve other tobacco constituents and contain additional nonnicotine constituents of their own. Unfortunately, the literature remains limited with regard to e-cigarettes and their interactions with other substances, especially their prevalent co-use with alcohol. This review attempts to discuss the current literature on nicotine and alcohol co-use in the context of the vaping epidemic, predominantly focusing on addiction-related outcomes and why e-cigarette use may be unique.
Damage sensitivity and stability in international environmental agreements
Authors: Eckert Heather , Nkuiya Bruno 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This article examines the formation of International Environmental Agreements (IEAs). The economic literature focuses on scenarios where countries are weakly sensitive to environmental damages (constant or linear marginal damages) and finds that stable coalitions are small when countries choose their emission strategies simultaneously and the marginal benefit function is linear. Motivated by empirical evidence, our analysis addresses cases where countries are highly sensitive to environmental damages. In this context, we find equilibrium behaviors that reverse conventional wisdom. For instance, large coalitions including the grand coalition can be supported as an equilibrium outcome when the sensitivity of countries to environmental conditions its high. Our findings provide an additional explanation for large-scale IEAs such as the Montreal Protocol.
Subsequent Antituberculous Treatment May Not Be Mandatory Among Surgically Resected Culture-Negative Pulmonary Granulomas: A Retrospective Nationwide Multicenter Cohort Study
Authors: Chung Che-Liang , Huang Wei-Chang , Huang Hung-Ling , Chin Chun-Shih , Cheng Meng-Hsuan , Lee Meng-Rui , Lin Sheng-Hao , Wang Jann-Yuan , Lin Ching-Hsiung , Chong Inn-Wen , Shih Jin-Yuan , Yu Chong-Jen 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
Histologic diagnosis of granuloma is often considered clinically equivalent to a definite diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in endemic areas. Optimal management of surgically resected granulomatous inflammation in lung with negative mycobacterial culture results, however, remains unclear.

Methods
From 7 medical institutions in northern, middle, and southern Taiwan between January 2010 and December 2018, patients whose surgically resected pulmonary nodule(s) had histological features suggestive of TB but negative microbiological study results and who received no subsequent anti-TB treatment were identified retrospectively. All patients were followed up for 2 years until death or active TB disease was diagnosed.

Results
A total of 116 patients were enrolled during the study period. Among them, 61 patients (52.6%) were clinically asymptomatic, and 36 (31.0%) patients were immunocompromised. Solitary pulmonary nodule accounted for 44 (39.6%) of all cases. The lung nodules were removed by wedge resection in 95 (81.9%), lobectomy in 17 (14.7%), and segmentectomy in 4 (3.4%) patients. The most common histological feature was granulomatous inflammation (n=116 [100%]), followed by caseous necrosis (n=39 [33.6%]). During follow-up (218.4 patient-years), none of the patients developed active TB.

Conclusions
In patients with surgically resected culture-negative pulmonary granulomas, the incidence rate of subsequent active TB is low. Watchful monitoring along with regular clinical, radiological, and microbiological follow-up, instead of routine anti-TB treatment, may also be a reasonable option.
A NYN domain protein directly interacts with DECAPPING1 and is required for phyllotactic pattern
Authors: Schiaffini Marlene , Chicois Clara , Pouclet Aude , Chartier Tiphaine , Ubrig Elodie , Gobert Anthony , Zuber Hélène , Mutterer Jérôme , Chicher Johana , Kuhn Lauriane , Hammann Philippe , Gagliardi Dominique , Garcia Damien 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In eukaryotes, general mRNA decay requires the decapping complex. The activity of this complex depends on its catalytic subunit, DECAPPING2 (DCP2), and its interaction with decapping enhancers, including its main partner DECAPPING1 (DCP1). Here, we report that in Arabidopsis thaliana, DCP1 also interacts with a NYN domain endoribonuclease, hence named DCP1-ASSOCIATED NYN ENDORIBONUCLEASE 1 (DNE1). Interestingly, we found DNE1 predominantly associated with DCP1, but not with DCP2, and reciprocally, suggesting the existence of two distinct protein complexes. We also showed that the catalytic residues of DNE1 are required to repress the expression of mRNAs in planta upon transient expression. The overexpression of DNE1 in transgenic lines led to growth defects and a similar gene deregulation signature than inactivation of the decapping complex. Finally, the combination of dne1 and dcp2 mutations revealed a functional redundancy between DNE1 and DCP2 in controlling phyllotactic pattern formation. Our work identifies DNE1, a hitherto unknown DCP1 protein partner highly conserved in the plant kingdom and identifies its importance for developmental robustness.
Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis is associated with incident stroke in patients with increased cardiovascular risk
Authors: Harlianto Netanja I , Oosterhof Nadine , Foppen Wouter , Hol Marjolein E , Wittenberg Rianne , van der Veen Pieternella H , van Ginneken Bram , Mohamed Hoesein Firdaus A A , Verlaan Jorrit-Jan , de Jong Pim A , Westerink Jan ,   for the UCC-SMART-Studygroup, van Petersen R , van Dinther B , Asselbergs F W , Nathoe H M , de Borst G J , Bots M L , Geerlings M I , Emmelot M H , de Jong P A , Leiner T , Lely A T , van der Kaaij N P , Kappelle L J , Ruigrok Y M , Verhaar M C , Visseren F L J , Westerink J 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Earlier retrospective studies have suggested a relation between DISH and cardiovascular disease, including myocardial infarction. The present study assessed the association between DISH and incidence of cardiovascular events and mortality in patients with high cardiovascular risk.

Methods
In this prospective cohort study, we included 4624 patients (mean age 58.4 years, 69.6% male) from the Second Manifestations of ARTerial disease cohort. The main end point was major cardiovascular events (MACE: stroke, myocardial infarction and vascular death). Secondary endpoints included all-cause mortality and separate vascular events. Cause-specific proportional hazard models were used to evaluate the risk of DISH on all outcomes, and subdistribution hazard models were used to evaluate the effect of DISH on the cumulative incidence. All models were adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, blood pressure, diabetes, non-HDL cholesterol, packyears, renal function and C-reactive protein.

Results
DISH was present in 435 (9.4%) patients. After a median follow-up of 8.7 (IQR 5.0–12.0) years, 864 patients had died and 728 patients developed a MACE event. DISH was associated with an increased cumulative incidence of ischaemic stroke. After adjustment in cause-specific modelling, DISH remained significantly associated with ischaemic stroke (HR 1.55; 95% CI: 1.01, 2.38), but not with MACE (HR 0.99; 95% CI: 0.79, 1.24), myocardial infarction (HR 0.88; 95% CI: 0.59, 1.31), vascular death (HR 0.94; 95% CI: 0.68, 1.27) or all-cause mortality (HR 0.94; 95% CI: 0.77, 1.16).

Conclusion
The presence of DISH is independently associated with an increased incidence and risk for ischaemic stroke, but not with MACE, myocardial infarction, vascular death or all-cause mortality.
Association of anti-HSC70 autoantibodies with cutaneous ulceration and severe disease in juvenile dermatomyositis
Authors: Karasawa Rie , Yudoh Kazuo , Sato Toshiko , Tanaka Megumi , Tamaki Mayumi , Sabbagh Sara E , O’Hanlon Terrance P , Noroozi-Farhadi Payam , Targoff Ira N , Flegel Willy A , Mammen Andrew L , Miller Frederick W , Hicar Mark D , Rider Lisa G , Jarvis James N 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Objectives
JDM is an inflammatory myopathy characterized by prominent vasculopathy. AECAs are frequently detected in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. We sought to determine whether AECAs correlate with clinical features of JDM, and thus serve as biomarkers to guide therapy or predict outcome.

Methods
Plasma samples from 63 patients with JDM, 49 patients with polyarticular JIA and 40 juvenile healthy controls were used to detect anti-heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein (HSC70) autoantibodies, a newly identified AECA, in ELISA assays. Clinical features were compared between JDM patients with and without anti-HSC70 autoantibodies.

Results
Anti-HSC70 autoantibodies were detected in 35% of patients with JDM, in 0% of patients with JIA (P &lt; 0.0001) and in 0% of healthy donors (P &lt; 0.0001). Both the presence of cutaneous ulcers (59% vs 17%, P &lt; 0.002) and the use of wheelchairs and/or assistive devices (64% vs 27%, P &lt; 0.007) were strongly associated with anti-HSC70 autoantibodies in JDM. High scores on the severity of myositis damage measures at the time of measurement of anti-HSC70 autoantibodies and an increased number of hospitalizations were also associated with anti-HSC70 autoantibodies. Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy was used more often in anti-HSC70 autoantibody-positive patients.

Conclusion
Anti-HCS70 autoantibodies are detected frequently in children with JDM and are novel myositis-associated autoantibodies correlating with disease severity.
Ebola virus disease in pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kayem Nzelle D , Benson Charlotte , Aye Christina Y L , Barker Sarah , Tome Mariana , Kennedy Stephen , Ariana Proochista , Horby Peter 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This review synthesises and appraises evidence on the effects of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in pregnancy. We searched bibliographic databases from dates of inception to November 2020, yielding 28 included studies.
The absolute risk of maternal death associated with EVD was estimated at 67.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 49.8 to 83.7, I2=85%, p&lt;0.01) and the relative risk of death in pregnant women compared with non-pregnant women was estimated at 1.18 (95% CI 0.59 to 2.35, I2=31.0%, p=0.230). The absolute risk for foetal losses was estimated at 76.9% (95% CI 45.0 to 98.3, I2=96%, p&lt;0.01) and neonatal death was 98.5% (95% CI 84.9 to 100, I2=0.0%, p=0.40). The gap analysis suggests limited or no data on the clinical course, non-fatal perinatal outcomes and EVD management in pregnant women. The review suggests that EVD has a high maternal and perinatal mortality, underscoring the urgent need for preventative and therapeutic solutions and improved screening and follow-up of pregnant women and newborns during outbreaks. There is not enough evidence to conclusively rule out pregnancy as a risk factor for mortality and there is limited evidence on the disease course, outcomes and management of EVD in pregnancy, and this supports the need for robust clinical trials and prospective studies that include pregnant women.
Ribosome dysfunction in osteoarthritis
Authors: van den Akker Guus G.H. , Caron Marjolein M.J. , Peffers Mandy J. , Welting Tim J.M. 
Published: November 2021

Purpose of review
Translation of genetic information encoded within mRNA molecules by ribosomes into proteins is a key part of the central dogma of molecular biology. Despite the central position of the ribosome in the translation of proteins, and considering the major proteomic changes that occur in the joint during osteoarthritis development and progression, the ribosome has received very limited attention as driver of osteoarthritis pathogenesis.

Recent findings
We provide an overview of the limited literature regarding this developing topic for the osteoarthritis field. Recent key findings that connect ribosome biogenesis and activity with osteoarthritis include: ribosomal RNA transcription, processing and maturation, ribosomal protein expression, protein translation capacity and preferential translation.

Summary
The ribosome as the central cellular protein synthesis hub is largely neglected in osteoarthritis research. Findings included in this review reveal that in osteoarthritis, ribosome aberrations have been found from early-stage ribosome biogenesis, through ribosome build-up and maturation, up to preferential translation. Classically, osteoarthritis has been explained as an imbalance between joint tissue anabolism and catabolism. We postulate that osteoarthritis can be interpreted as an acquired ribosomopathy. This hypothesis fine-tunes the dogmatic anabolism/katabolism point-of-view, and may provide novel molecular opportunities for the development of osteoarthritis disease-modifying treatments.