bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical mechanisms associated with the intense lightning over Indian region
Authors: Murugavel Palani , Prabha Thara V. , Pandithurai Govindan , Gopalakrishnan Venkatachalam , D. Pawar Sunil 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIndian subcontinent receives ~80% of its annual total rainfall during Indian summer monsoon (ISM) and since last 100 years the prediction of interannual variability of ISM is limited due to incomplete understanding of various processes and their localized influence on the development of varying scales of convective systems. The present study reports that the intense lightning contributed from the deepest convections occurring over Indian subcontinent are concentrated in four specific regions: (a) southwest coast, (b) Gangetic‐Brahmaputra plain, (c) Himalayan foothills and (d) southeast coast. The spatial and temporal variations of deep convections, size of “convection fractions” and associated physical mechanisms are described. It shows an annual cycle of systematic onset and withdrawal of deep convections and associated lightning depending on region and season. The southwest coast region is developing very deep convections during premonsoon and postmonsoon seasons but less lightning during monsoon. While Arabian Sea sources high moisture to this region in monsoon season, the orographic lift of low‐level westerlies by Western Ghats may effectively assist the warm rain processes and produce highest rainfall, low lightning and low area of deep convections. Highest flash rates, high number of days with lightning and higher area of convection are observed in Gangetic‐Brahmaputra plain but relatively lower rainfall compared to southwest coast region during monsoon. The sustained strong updrafts over the Gangetic‐Brahmaputra plain region are supported by the moisture source from warmer Bay of Bengal, incidence of monsoon trough and the continental heating. Significant lightning activity observed in northwest part of Himalayan foothills during winter is associated with Western Disturbances (WD) phenomena. The diurnal variation of lightning flash rate and size of “convective fraction” in these regions show two modes at 1200 and 1800 UTC and it indicates active day time surface heating and nocturnal cooling processes together contribute to total rainfall.
Comparative analysis of absorbed ingredients and metabolites, and pharmacokinetic studies of Zhimu–Huangbai herb pair in the plasma of normal and type 2 diabetes mellitus rats by UHPLC‐linear trap quadrupole‐orbitrap MS and LC‐MS/MS
Authors: Cao Yingying , Sun Zhengang , Huang Hailan , Lin Aihua , Liu Yiming 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA new rapid ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with linear trap quadrupole orbitrap mass spectrometry method was established for the qualitative analysis of absorbed ingredients and metabolites of Zhimu–Huangbai herb pair, which is used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus. A total of 16 absorbed ingredients and 11 metabolites were identified in normal and type 2 diabetes mellitus rats, respectively. Such findings indicated that the diabetic model had no effect on the type of components in plasma. Seven absorbed ingredients and 11 metabolites were first identified after the oral administration of Zhimu–Huangbai herb pair. Thereafter, ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with linear trap quadrupole orbitrap mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography‐API4000+ triple quadrupole mass spectrometer methods were established and validated for pharmacokinetic comparative studies of seven major bioactive components in normal and type 2 diabetes mellitus rats. Partial pharmacokinetic parameters in the plasma of type 2 diabetes mellitus rats were significantly different from those in normal rats. To our knowledge, this is the first comparison of absorbed ingredients and metabolites of Zhimu–Huangbai herb pair, and its use in pharmacokinetic studies between normal and type 2 diabetes mellitus rats. Ultimately, our findings provide insights into the clinical usage of Zhimu–Huangbai herb pair.
Surgical treatments of superior semicircular canal dehiscence: A single‐centre experience in 63 cases
Authors: Nieto Pauline , Gallois Yohan , Molinier Charles‐Edouard , Deguine Olivier , Marx Mathieu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveDifferent procedures have been described to treat superior canal dehiscence. The present study aims to describe the results obtained with middle fossa approach, transmastoid approach, and round window reinforcement in a large series of patients.Methods and DesignIn this single‐center retrospective study, we report the results of the procedures performed between 2006 and 2019 using the three main surgical approaches, middle fossa approach (MFA), transmastoid approach (TMA), and round window reinforcement (RWR). The outcome on cardinal cochlear and vestibular symptoms, audiometric results, and changes in cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMPs) were analyzed. The patients were also interviewed 12 months to 13 years post‐treatment to establish their overall satisfaction following surgery.ResultsSixty‐three patients were divided into three groups: 42 MFA; 12 RWR; 9 TMA. Postsurgical control rates exceeded 80% for the majority of symptoms in the MFA and TMA groups, and ranged from 11.1% to 83.3% for the RWR group. Over 90% of MFA or TMA patients and 60% of the RWR cohort were satisfied overall with their treatment. Hearing thresholds were intact following surgery in the MFA and TMA groups. There was one case of profound postoperative deafness in the RWR group.ConclusionMFA and TMA are both safe and effective techniques in the treatment of disabling SSCD. Since MFA is the more invasive technique, we suggest that TMA should be proposed as first‐line treatment, temporal bone anatomy permitting. RWR outcomes are more variable in term of symptomatic control, and this option could be offered to patients at risk under general anesthesia.Level of evidenceLevel 4 evidence.
Ion Conductive Behavior of Oligoether/Zwitterion Diblock Copolymers Containing Magnesium Salt
Authors: Yoshizawa‐Fujita Masahiro , Ota Ryoma , Ishii Jun , Takeoka Yuko , Rikukawa Masahiro 
Published: November 2021

Rechargeable magnesium (Mg) batteries are envisioned as next generation batteries. The development of solid polymer electrolytes with high ionic conductivity will contribute to realize not only high performance Mg batteries but also reliable and safe devices. In this study, diblock copolymers (PPEGMAm‐b‐SPBn) with oligoether (PEGMA) and zwitterionic (SPB) side‐chains are synthesized in order to develop novel Mg‐ion electrolytes. PPEGMAm‐b‐SPBn copolymers with various unit ratios are synthesized by reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. PPEGMAm‐b‐SPBn exhibited two distinct glass transition temperatures. Phase‐separated structures are observed by atomic force microscope (AFM) measurements. PPEGMAm‐b‐SPBn/Mg‐salt composites exhibited a glass transition temperature due to the mixture formation of PEGMA and SPB blocks. When the unit numbers of m and n are 44 and 75, respectively, PPEGMAm‐b‐SPBn/Mg‐salt ([EO]: [Mg] = 6: 1) exhibits the highest ionic conductivity of over 10−4 S cm−1 at 60 °C among 11 composites prepared in this study.
Laryngospasm in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Gotesman Ryan D. , Lalonde Emilie , McKim Douglas A. , Bourque Pierre R. , Warman‐Chardon Jodi , Zwicker Jocelyn , Breiner Ari 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionLaryngospasm is an involuntary, sustained closure of sphincter musculature that leads to an unpleasant subjective experience of dyspnea and choking. It is an underreported symptom in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In this study we aimed to better characterize the prevalence and clinical characteristics of laryngospasm in ALS patients.MethodsThe medical records of 571 patients with ALS followed between 2008 and 2018 were searched for evidence of laryngospasm. A total of 23 patients with laryngospasm were identified and the data related to patient and laryngospasm characteristics were extracted.ResultsLaryngospasm was reported in 4% of ALS patients. Females comprised 57% of patients and their mean age was 63.4 years. Laryngospasm frequently manifested in patients with moderate bulbar dysfunction and seemed independent of respiratory function. Among laryngospasm patients, 26% were cigarette smokers and 13% had a history of gastroesophageal reflux. The most common reported trigger was excessive saliva irritating the vocal cords (35%) followed by eating a meal (17%). There was significant variation in laryngospasm frequency (up to 5 per hour) and duration (seconds to minutes). Most patients could not identify an effective coping mechanism, although 13% reported that drinking water was effective.DiscussionDespite its low prevalence in ALS, laryngospasm should be included in the symptom inquiry. The present findings may improve patient care through increased recognition of the clinical features of laryngospasm in ALS patients, identifying a link between laryngospasm and moderate bulbar dysfunction, and highlighting trigger avoidance as a management strategy. Additional research is required to understand the pathophysiology and optimal treatment.
Impact of radiation therapy on artificial urinary sphincter implantation in male patients: A multicenter study
Authors: Mamane Jordan , Sanchez Stéphane , Lellouch Alexandre G. , Gaillard Victor , Poussot Baptiste , Tricard Thibault , Saussine Christian , Brierre Thibaut , Game Xavier , Beraud Florian , Biardeau Xavier , Bruyere Franck , Robin Damien , El‐Akri Mehdi , Chevallier Daniel , Durand Mathieu , Bentellis Imad , Cousin Tiffany , Capon Grégoire , Cornu Jean‐Nicolas , Dupuis Hugo , Monsaint Hervé , Corbel Luc , Hermieu Nicolas , Hermieu Jean‐Francois , Pitout Alice , Lecoanet Pierre , Peyronnet Benoit , Leon Priscilla 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the impact of an history of radiation therapy on the outcomes of artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) implantation in male patients.MethodsThe charts of all patients who underwent AUS implantation for stress urinary incontinence (SUI) after prostate surgery in thirteen centers between 2004 and 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. We excluded patients with neurogenic SUI. Continence rates and incidence of complications, revision and cuff erosion were evaluated. The outcomes in irradiated men were compared to those of non irradiated men.ResultsA total of 1277 patients who had an AUS met the inclusion criteria with a median age of 70 years, of which 437 had an history of prior radiotherapy. There was no difference in comorbidities. In irradiated patients, postoperative social continence, urethral atrophy and infection rates were respectively 75.6%, 2.4% and 9.5% and 76.8%, 5.4%, and 5.8% in nonirradiated men (respectively, p = 0.799, p = 0.128, p = 0.148). There were more urethral erosion in irradiated male patients. After a mean follow up of 36.8 months, the explantation free survival was poorer in irradiated patients (p = 0.001).ConclusionThese data suggest that pelvic radiotherapy before AUS adversely affect device survival with and increased greater occurrence of infection‐erosion and therefore of explantation.
The effectiveness of parasympathomimetics for treating underactive bladder: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Moro Christian , Phelps Charlotte , Veer Vineesha , Clark Justin , Glasziou Paul , Tikkinen Kari A. O. , Scott Anna M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimsBiological rationale suggests that parasympathomimetics (cholinergic receptor stimulating agents) could be beneficial for patients with underactive bladder. However, no systematic review with meta‐analysis addressing potential benefits or adverse effects exists. The aim of this review was to assess the effectiveness, both benefits and harms, of using parasympathomimetics for the treatment of underactive bladder.MethodsThe protocol was registered in PROSPERO, and searches undertaken in PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL, including randomized and non‐randomized controlled trials of patients with underactive bladder, comparing parasympathomimetic to placebo, no treatment, or other pharmaceuticals. Risk ratios, odds ratios, and mean differences were calculated.ResultsTwelve trials with 3024 participants were included. There was a significant difference between parasympathomimetics and comparators (favoring parasympathomimetics) in the number of patients with urinary retention (risk ratio 0.55, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.3–0.98,p = 0.04, low quality of evidence). There was no difference in mean postvoid volume overall (MD −41.4 ml, 95% CI −92.0 to 9.1,p = 0.11, low quality of evidence). There was a significant difference at up to 1 week post‐intervention, favoring parasympathomimetics (MD −77.5 ml, 95% CI −90.9 to −64.1,p < 0.001, low quality of evidence), but no difference at 1 month post‐intervention. There was no difference in adverse events (odds ratio 1.19, 95% CI 0.62–2.28,p = 0.6, moderate quality of evidence).ConclusionsThe evidence supporting the use of parasympathomimetics is of low quality, with relatively short follow‐up durations. Overall, it is not possible to draw clear evidence‐based conclusions from the current literature, presenting the use of parasympathomimetics for treating underactive bladder as a key area that requires future well‐controlled clinical trials.
Insulin resistance persists despite a metabolically healthy obesity phenotype
Authors: Hoddy Kristin K. , Axelrod Christopher L. , Mey Jacob T. , Hari Adithya , Beyl Robbie A. , Blair Jourdan B. , Dantas Wagner S. , Kirwan John P. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveMetabolically healthy obesity (MHO) is often defined as the absence of metabolic syndrome in the presence of obesity. However, phenotypic features of MHO are unclear. Insulin sensitivity in MHO was cross‐sectionally compared with metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) and a reference group of young healthy participants without obesity.MethodsSedentary adults (n = 96) undergoing anthropometric, blood chemistries, maximal aerobic capacity, and euglycemic‐hyperinsulinemic clamp measurements were classified by BMI (<25 and ≥30 kg/m2). MUO was defined as having obesity with metabolic syndrome (≥2 additional risk factors). Data were analyzed using a linear mixed models approach.ResultsBody weight was similar between MHO and MUO. Body fat (percentage) and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol were higher (p < 0.001), and systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, glucose, and insulin were lower in MHO versus MUO (p < 0.03, all). The MHO group also had lower high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and higher low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, diastolic blood pressure, and insulin compared with the reference. Both the MHO and MUO groups displayed impaired insulin sensitivity compared with the reference control (p < 0.001).ConclusionsParticipants with MHO had distinct clinical measures related to hypertension, lipid metabolism, and glycemic control compared with a healthy reference group. Peripheral insulin resistance in obesity independent of metabolic status portends increased risk for type 2 diabetes in the MHO patient population.
An insight of novel eutectic mixture between thiazolidine‐2,4‐dione and zinc chloride: Temperature‐dependent density functional theory approach
Authors: Singh Madhur Babu , Kumar Ajay , Jain Pallavi , Singh Prashant , Kumari Kamlesh 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDeep eutectic solvents (DESs) are the mixture of a hydrogen bond donor (HBD) and a hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) in a particular equivalent ratio. They gained popularity because of low melting point and green (non‐toxic) in nature. DESs showed promising ability as solvents and found to be better than traditional organic solvents and ionic liquids. They are being explored solvents in organic synthesis, substance dissolution, corrosion inhibition, biofuel generation, SO2/CO2 absorption, and extraction. In the present work, thioazolidine‐2,4‐dione (T) is taken as hydrogen bond donor, and zinc chloride (Z) is taken as hydrogen bond acceptor. Nine DESs are created using T and Z having different equivalent ratio. Further, they were studied using density functional theory (DFT) approach in gaseous state at different temperatures. T4Z1 found to most soluble in water as the dipole moment is maximum. Free energy of T1Z4 found to be least so may be most stable among all. Further, on changing the temperature from 298 to 323 K and then to 348 K, thermodynamic parameters are determined. Further, the change in free energy for the formation of the DESs are calculated in Hartree per particle as well in kcal/mol. At 298 K, the change in free energy for the formation of T2Z3 is minimum and indicates it feasibility or spontaneity at this temperature. But at temperature of 323 K, T1Z4 and T2Z3 are found to be same. Further, on increasing temperature to 348 K, the change in free energy for T1Z4 and T2Z3 is same and minimum. It means on changing the temperature, the spontaneity for the formation of DES changes. Based on the method of Jakob et al., it can be seen that the temperature changes with the change in composition, that is, the ratio of HBD and HBA. The composition of HBD and HBA is 1:2 and is called deep eutectic mixture as the melting temperature observed is least. There is not a complete agreement between the results obtained by DFT calculations and Jakob et al method.
Bivariate Bayesian hypothesis testing with missing data in components
Authors: Xu Zhixing , Quan Hui 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMultiple endpoints and historical data borrowing may be simultaneously incorporated for enhancing efficiency and speeding up the new drug development process in the pharmaceutical industry. O'Brien's test is a widely used weighted combination test for multiplicity adjustment on multiple endpoints to control the overall type error rate in a weak sense. In this research, a modification on the O'Brien's test more specifically on the weights is considered for a trial with two primary endpoints to potentially increase power. The method can handle missing data in the current study and in the prior derivation for dynamic historical data borrowing. Simulations are conducted to compare the performances of different methods. A data example is used to illustrate the applications of the methods.
Design of Experiments and machine learning for product innovation: A systematic literature review
Authors: Arboretti Rosa , Ceccato Riccardo , Pegoraro Luca , Salmaso Luigi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe recent increase in digitalization of industrial systems has resulted in a boost in data availability in the industrial environment. This has favored the adoption of machine learning (ML) methodologies for the analysis of data, but not all contexts boast data abundance. When data are scarce or costly to collect, Design of Experiments (DOE) can be used to provide an informative dataset for analysis using ML techniques. This article aims to provide a systematic overview of the literature on the joint application of DOE and ML in product innovation (PI) settings. To this end, a systematic literature review (SLR) of two major scientific databases is conducted, retrieving 388 papers, of which 86 are selected for careful analysis. The results of this review delineate the state of the art and identify the main trends in terms of experimental designs and ML algorithms selected for joint application on PI. The gaps, open problems, and research opportunities are identified, and directions for future research are provided.
Unexpected haemorrhage from lateral thoracic artery following the removal of a pleural drainage tube
Authors: Matsuura Keigo , Tada Makoto , Sumi Toshiyuki , Osuda Koichi , Nakata Hisashi , Chiba Hirofumi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPulmonologists must be aware of the possible arterial bleeding even during the removal of a safely inserted drain.
A systematic review of 20 years of crisis and disaster research: Trends and progress
Authors: Wolbers Jeroen , Kuipers Sanneke , Boin Arjen 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe field of crisis and disaster studies has proliferated over the past two decades. Attention is bound to grow further as the world negotiates the prolonged challenges of the Covid‐19 pandemic. In this review, we provide an overview of the main foci, methods, and research designs employed in the crisis and disaster research fields in the period of 2001–2020. The review documents that the focus and methods used have not changed much over time. Single case studies and exploratory research prevail, the focus has shifted from preparedness to response, and methodological diversity is limited, but gradually increasing. Future challenges are to understand transboundary crisis management and creeping crises. Advancing the field calls for our community to put more effort in drawing lessons beyond the single case to uncover comparable and universal patterns that connect between events or phases, which help to theorize the multifaceted nature of crisis and disaster management.
Robust noncooperative attitude tracking control for rigid bodies on rotation matrices subject to input saturation constraint
Authors: Peng Xiuhui , Sun Zhiyong , Chen Mou , Geng Zhiyong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper addresses the noncooperative attitude tracking control problem for rigid bodies whose dynamics evolves on the rotation matrix . First, based on the relative attitude measurement, a saturated angular velocity input is designed by a proposed saturated nonlinear function. Thereafter, the attitude tracking control torque for rigid body's dynamics with input saturation constraint and active disturbance rejection is developed by a modified dynamic surface control approach which can avoid large torque in practice. Furthermore, by using only relative attitude measurements, two types of velocity‐free attitude control laws are considered, respectively. In contrast to those control schemes that require that the desired angular velocity is available to the rigid body, the proposed scheme is able to solve the attitude control in noncooperative scenarios, where the desired angular velocity and acceleration are not accessible. Since the attitude described by rotation matrix enables the controller to use local measurements in the body‐fixed frame rather than global measurements in an inertial frame, the proposed robust noncooperative control schemes with input saturation constraint are easier to implement in practice. Finally, numerical simulations and SimMechanics experiments are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed theoretical results.
Necessary and sufficient stability conditions for integral delay systems
Authors: Ortiz Reynaldo , Egorov Alexey , Mondié Sabine 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional with prescribed derivative whose construction does not require the stability of the system is introduced. It leads to the presentation of stability/instability theorems. By evaluating the functional at initial conditions depending on the fundamental matrix we are able to present necessary and sufficient stability conditions expressed exclusively in terms of the delay Lyapunov matrix for integral delay systems. Some examples illustrate and validate the stability conditions.