bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case Report: Cyclophosphamide in COVID-19 – when an absolute contraindication is an absolute necessity
Authors: Bołtuć Kamila , Bielejewska Ada , Coloma-Millar Alejandro , Dziugieł Robert , Bociek Arkadiusz , Perkowska-Ptasińska Agnieszka , Jaroszyński Andrzej 
Published: August 2021

Background: Despite many studies on COVID-19, our knowledge of it remains incomplete. In some cases, treating SARS-CoV-2 infection concomitant with other diseases can be particularly challenging, as finding an appropriate treatment may involve some risks. Case presentation: A 34-year-old SARS-CoV-2 positive patient admitted due to fever, dyspnoea, haemoptysis and pneumonia, developed alveolar haemorrhage and acute kidney injury. Due to his severe state, abnormalities in laboratory tests and rapidly progressing loss of kidney function, kidney biopsy, as well as antibody panel were carried out, in which perinuclear anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (p-ANCA) were found with a high titer (>200; N: <1:20). The results of kidney biopsy, combined with clinical manifestation and laboratory findings prompted the diagnosis of rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis (RPGN) in the course of p-ANCA vasculitis. Initial treatment consisted of heamodialyses, remdesivir, plasmaphereses, intravenous immunoglobulins, antibiotics, corticosteroids and fraxiparine. Once the haemorrhage had subsided, kidney function had been partially retrieved and heamodialyses had no longer been necessary, cyclophosphamide treatment was initiated, despite being contraindicated in COVID-19 according to its summary of product characteristics. Immunotherapy is still continued. The patient has already received a total of 2.4g of cyclophosphamide (4 cycles of 600mg each every three weeks). Pulmonary and radiological regression, as well as improvement of renal parameters have been achieved. Conclusions: We suspect that cyclophosphamide, the drug of choice in p-ANCA vasculitis, could be a potential factor providing regression of the radiological changes in the lungs and it could have prevented the patient from developing acute respiratory distress syndrome. COVID-19 diagnosis should not exclude searching for other diseases which can have a similar course. When treating a patient in a life-threatening condition, a departure from trying to find the perfect timing of cyclophosphamide delivery should be considered, as delaying it could cause potentially greater harm.
Experimental demonstration of a broadband optoelectronic chaos system based on highly nonlinear configuration of IQ modulator
Authors: Luo Hanwen , Cheng Mengfan , Huang Chuanming , Ye Bolin , Shao Weidong , Deng Lei , Yang Qi , Zhang Minming , Liu Deming 
Published: August 2021

We experimentally investigated a novel broadband optoelectronic chaos generation scheme. The proposed system is achieved by adopting the highly nonlinear operation of an electro-optical exclusive-NOR (XNOR) logic gate and two delayed feedback loops that refer to the Boolean chaos model. The XNOR gate is established by a commercial use inphase and quadrature-phase (IQ) modulator that works at a specific bias point. The resulting power spectrum of the broadband chaos signal extends from DC to 29.1 GHz (10 dB bandwidth), and the probability density distribution is Gaussian distribution like. Owing to the strong nonlinearity of XNOR operation, the conditions to enter the chaos region are more relaxed compared to traditional optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) chaos systems, and the time delay signature (TDS) of the feedback loop is also suppressed. Moreover, to further enhance the performance of the generated chaos signal, we injected the optoelectronic chaotic signal into a semiconductor laser. Experimental results indicate that after the cascade optical injection, the bandwidth of the output chaos signal is extended to 38.4 GHz and the TDS is completely concealed; meanwhile, a perfect Gaussian distribution can be obtained.
Use of latent class analysis as a method of assessing the physical activity level, sedentary behavior and nutritional habit in the adolescents’ lifestyle: A scoping review
Authors: Miranda Valter Paulo Neves , Coimbra Danilo Reis , Bastos Ronaldo Rocha , Miranda Júnior Márcio Vidigal , Amorim Paulo Roberto dos Santos 
Published: August 2021

Background
Currently, adolescents’ lifestyle is commonly characterized by physical inactivity, sedentary behavior, and inappropriate eating habits in general. A person-oriented approach as Latent Class Analysis (LCA) can offer more insight than a variable-centered approach when investigating lifestyle practices, habits, and behaviors of adolescent population.

Objective
The aim of the present study was to assess which variables are mostly used to represent the physical activity level, sedentary behavior SB) and nutritional habit in the adolescents’ lifestyle in studies that used the LCA.

Design
Scoping review.

Methods
The study was a performed in accordance with the proposed criteria for systematic reviews and meta-analyses—Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and registered in PROSPERO (CRD42018108444). The original articles were searched in MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and SPORTdiscus. The Quality Assessment Tool analyzed the risk of bias of the included studies.

Results
30 original articles were selected. The physical activity level (28 studies), SB and nutritional habits (18 studies) were the most common variable used to evaluate the adolescent’s lifestyle by LCA model. Specifically, physical inactivity and high SB were the manifest variables with higher frequency in the negative latent classes (LCs) in adolescent girls. On the other hand, physical exercises and sports were activities more commonly labeled as positive LCs.

Conclusions
The LCA models of the most of selected studies showed that physical inactivity, high SB were the most common in the LCs with negative characteristics of the adolescents’ lifestyle. Better understanding the results of analyzes of clusters of multivariate behaviors such as the LCA can help to create more effective strategies that can make the lifestyle of adolescents healthier.
The relationship between smoking cigarettes and metabolic syndrome: A cross-sectional study with non-single residents of Seoul under 40 years old
Authors: Kim Sun Woo , Kim Ho Jun , Min Kyungha , Lee Hobeom , Lee Sung-Ha , Kim Sunyoung , Kim Jong Seung , Oh Bumjo 
Published: August 2021

Introduction
Young adults receive health screenings at lower rates than other age groups, and it may be difficult to detect diseases in the early stages for this group. We examined differences in health status relative to smoking in a young age group using the results of health screenings conducted in engaged and newly married couples in a cross-sectional database.

Methods
The participants in this study were 808 young adults who visited a municipal hospital health screening center from July 2017 to March 2019. They completed a self-administered questionnaire, and physical measurements and a blood test were taken. They were classified into non-cigarette smokers, past cigarette smokers, and current cigarette smokers according to smoking behavior. In this study, we compared metabolic syndrome, the main components of which include obesity, high blood pressure, high blood triglycerides, low levels of HDL cholesterol and insulin resistance, with smoking behavior.

Results
The mean age of the participants was 30.9±3.3 years (males 32.0±3.2, females 29.8±3.1), and 13.9% were current cigarette smokers (males 22.8%, females 5.1%). The proportion of men in their 30s was 76.6% for male group and 50.0% for female group, indicating that the male group had a relatively higher proportion of older and current smokers. Significant differences were found in age, sex, blood pressure, metabolic abnormalities, and drinking status according to smoking status. Cigarette smokers had a 2.4-fold greater risk of metabolic syndrome (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.43–3.96) than non-cigarette smokers; in particular, they had a 2.6-fold (95% CI, 1.44–4.55) greater risk of hypertriglyceridemia and a three-fold (95% CI, 1.45–6.35) greater risk of low HDL cholesterol.

Conclusions
In comparison with non-single, young and generally healthy city dwellers, the risk of metabolic syndrome was significantly higher in smokers than in non-smokers, and in particular, it was confirmed that the risk of hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL cholesterolemia was higher. Smoking cessation is necessary, even for the young, because smoking may cause changes in blood lipids even if the smoking duration is short.
Sociodemographic, laboratory, image data and predictors of gravity risk in patients with COVID-19
Authors: Costa Víctor de Oliveira , Nicolini Eveline Montessi , da Costa Bruna Malaquias Arguelles , Ferreira Victor Hugo Perches , Tonisi Ana Julia Rodrigues , Machado Nathália Munck , Moura Marcos de Assis , Montessi Jorge , de Castro Ferreira Lincoln Eduardo Villela Vieira , Campos Rogério Leal , Costa Patricia Moreira , Campos Maria Antônia 
Published: August 2021

Introduction
The effects, severity, and prognosis of COVID-19 infections do not follow a linear pattern in different locations, but change according to the epidemiological data and social issues in each region.

Aims
The purpose of the current study is to provide the clinical and epidemiological standard of the population affected by COVID-19 in the city of Juiz de Fora, MG to better understand the disease and its risk factors, in order to enable more appropriate conduct for patients.

Methods
A retrospective observational study was carried out from March to August of 2020, with 266 participants admitted to the emergency department of the Instituto de Clínicas e Cirurgia de Juiz de Fora—Hospital Monte Sinai. Data were tabulated, analyzed, and classified according to the outcome using an ordinal regression model.

Results
Among the 266 admitted patients, the most common findings were ground-glass opacifications on chest CT (78.8%), cough (75.6%), fever (58.4%), and rhinorrhea (34.5%). There were greater severity and greater need for hospitalization and admission to the ICU in patients who were male, tachypneic at the time of admission, with older age, and with underlying diseases.

Conclusion
Collected data allowed for a better understanding of the disease, its severity criteria, and its pattern of affection in Juiz de Fora, MG. More studies based on the analysis of the behavior of COVID-19 in different regions must be carried out, to improve treatment and support to local populations.
Personalizing the decision of dabigatran versus warfarin in atrial fibrillation: A secondary analysis of the Randomized Evaluation of Long-term anticoagulation therapY (RE-LY) trial
Authors: Reinhardt Samuel W. , Desai Nihar R. , Tang Yuanyuan , Jones Philip G. , Ader Jeremy , Spertus John A. 
Published: August 2021

Background
The RE-LY (Randomized Evaluation of Long-Term Anticoagulation Therapy) trial demonstrated that higher-risk patients with atrial fibrillation had lower rates of stroke or systemic embolism and a similar rate of major bleeding, on average, when treated with dabigatran 150mg compared to warfarin. Since population-level averages may not apply to individual patients, estimating the heterogeneity of treatment effect can improve application of RE-LY in clinical practice.

Methods and results
For 18040 patients randomized in RE-LY, we used patient-level data to develop multivariable models to predict the risk for stroke or systemic embolism and for major bleeding including all three treatment groups (dabigatran 110mg, dabigatran 150mg, and warfarin) over a median follow up of 2.0 years. The mean predicted absolute risk reduction (ARR) for stroke/systemic embolism with dabigatran 150mg compared to warfarin was 1.32% (range 11.6% lower to 3.30% higher risk). The mean predicted ARR for bleeding was 0.41% (range 8.93% lower to 63.4% higher risk). Patients with increased stroke/systemic embolism risk included those with prior stroke/TIA (OR 2.01), diabetics on warfarin (OR 2.00), and older patients on dabigatran 150mg (OR 1.68 for every 10-year increase). Major bleeding risk was higher in patients on aspirin (OR 1.25), with a history of diabetes (OR 1.34) or prior stroke/TIA (OR 1.22), those with heart failure on dabigatran 110mg (OR 1.52), older patients on either dabigatran 110mg or 150mg (OR 1.57 and 1.93, respectively, for each 10-year increase), and heavier patients on dabigatran 110mg or 150mg; patients in a region outside the United States and Canada and with better renal function had lower bleeding risk.

Conclusions
There is substantial heterogeneity in the benefits and risks of dabigatran relative to warfarin among patients with atrial fibrillation. Using individualized estimates may enable shared decision making and facilitate more appropriate use of dabigatran; as such, it should be prospectively tested.

Clinical trial registration
www.clinicaltrials.gov number, NCT00262600.
24-month outcomes of XEN45 gel implant versus trabeculectomy in primary glaucoma
Authors: Wanichwecharungruang Boonsong , Ratprasatporn Nitee 
Published: August 2021

PurposeTo compare the efficacy and safety profiles of XEN implant versus trabeculectomy as a surgical intervention for primary glaucomaMethodsA retrospective cohort study of mild to moderate stage glaucoma patients, who had undergone either XEN implantation or trabeculectomy with adjunctive mitomycin C, was performed in a tertiary eye centerResultsFifty-seven eyes for XEN implant and 57 eyes for trabeculectomy with medically uncontrolled glaucoma were included. Preoperative IOP was 16–33 mmHg. Visual field mean deviation was -9.11±6.93 dB in XEN group, and -9.67±5.06 dB in trabeculectomy group (p = 0.195). At the 24-month timepoint, mean IOP was reduced from 21.6±4.0 to 14.6±3.5 mmHg (32.4% reduction) in the XEN group (p<0.001), and from 22.5±5.8 to 12.5±4.1 mmHg (44.4% reduction) in the trabeculectomy group (p<0.001). Final IOP in XEN was significantly higher than trabeculectomy (p = 0.008) with lesser mean IOP percentage reduction at month 24 (p = 0.045). Mean number of medications was reduced from 2.2±1.4 to 0.5±0.7 in XEN group (p<0.001), and from 2.4±0.7 to 0.8±1.3 in trabeculectomy group (p<0.001). Final number of medications was not different between the groups (p = 0.225). Surgical success was comparable between XEN and trabeculectomy group. Overall success was 71.4% vs. 73.3% (p = 0.850), and complete success was 62.9% vs. 62.2% (p = 0.954), respectively. XEN had lower rate of numerical hypotony than trabeculectomy. No serious complication occurred in either procedure group.ConclusionAt 24 months, XEN showed a rate of success comparable to that of trabeculectomy. Although XEN had a higher final IOP than trabeculectomy, XEN achieved 32% IOP reduction, and achieved final IOP in mid-teen level. No serious complication occurred in either group. XEN can be applied for treatment of mild to moderate stages of glaucoma in Southeast Asian patients.
Estimation of total groundwater reserves and delineation of weathered/fault zones for aquifer potential: A case study from the Federal District of Brazil
Authors: Hussain Yawar , Borges Welitom , Uagoda Rogerio , Moura Cristiane , Maciel Susanne , Hamza Omar , Havenith Hans-Balder 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In the Federal District of Brazil, groundwater extraction is challenged by fractured aquifers with difficulty in identification of hydraulic traps and significant uncertainty in the estimation of recharge potential. This study aims to optimize the demarcation of new locations of tubular wells by the aid of geophysical investigation. In the first stage of this study, the total exploitable amount of groundwater were calculated from the information of the physical environment and the existing wells. Second, electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) method was carried out on the selected sites – based on their surficial characteristics. The possible hydraulic traps (where groundwater might exist) were identified from the inversion of the resistivity measured by the dipole–dipole array and from the delineation of the resultant conducting zones (including the weathered rocks and fractures). Using this approach, we predicted the position and number of tubular wells required and ranked them according to their potential productivity. The study provides a promising framework for investigating groundwater in fractured aquifers.
Crops planting structure and karst rocky desertification analysis by Sentinel-1 data
Authors: Wang Lingyu , Chen Quan , Zhou Zhongfa , Zhao Xin , Luo Jiancheng , Wu Tianjun , Sun Yingwei , Liu Wei , Zhang Shu , Zhang Wenhui 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Accurate crop planting structure (CPS) information and its relationship with the surrounding special environment can provide strong support for the adjustment of agricultural structure in areas with limited cultivated land resources, and it will help regional food security, social economy, and ecological balance adjustment. However, due to the perennial cloudy, rainy, and scattered arable land in Karst mountainous areas, the monitoring of planting structure by traditional remote sensing methods is greatly limited. In this regard, we focus on synthetic aperture radar (SAR) remote sensing, which can penetrate clouds and rain, without light constraints to image. In this article, based on parcel-based temporal sequence SAR, the CPS in South China karst area was extracted by deep learning technology, and the spatial coupling relationship between CPS and karst rocky desertification (KRD) was analyzed. The results showed that: (a) The overall accuracy of CPS classification was 75.98%, which proved that the geo-parcel-based time series SAR has a good effect for the CPS mapping in the karst mountainous areas; (b) Through the analysis of the spatial relationship between the planting structure and KRD, we found that the lower KRD level caused the simpler CPS and the higher KRD grade caused more complex CPS and more richer landscape types. The spatial variation trend of CPS landscape indicates the process of water shortage and the deepening of KRD in farmland; (c) The landscape has higher connectivity (Contagion Index, CI 0.52–1.73) in lower KRD level and lower connectivity (CI 0.83–2.05) in higher KRD level, which shows that the degree of fragmentation and connection of CPS landscape is positively proportional to the degree of KRD. In this study, the planting structure extraction of crops under complex imaging environment was realized by using the farmland geo-parcels-based time series Sentinel-1 data, and the relationship between planting structure and KRD was analyzed. This study provides a new idea and method for the extraction of agricultural planting structure in the cloudy and rainy karst mountainous areas of Southwest China. The results of this study have certain guiding significance for the adjustment of regional agricultural planting structure and the balance of regional development.
The new concept of thermal barrier coatings with Pt + Pd/Zr/Hf-modified aluminide bond coat and ceramic layer formed by PS-PVD method
Authors: Góral Marek , Pytel Maciej , Kubaszek Tadeusz , Drajewicz Marcin , Simka Wojciech , Nieużyła Łukasz 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are widely used for protection of gas turbine parts from high temperature and corrosion. In the present study, the new concept of TBCs with three-element-modified aluminide coatings was presented. In the first stage, the Pt and Pd were electroplated on MAR M247 nickel superalloy. In the next stage, the low-activity CVD aluminizing process with Zr or Hf doping was conducted. The ceramic layer containing yttria-stabilized zirconia was obtained by the plasma spray physical vapour deposition (PS-PVD) method. The microscopic examination showed the formation of aluminide coating containing up to 5 at% of Pt and 10 at% of Pd in (Ni, Pt, Pd)Al solid solution. The small concentration of Hf and Zr in diffusion zone of aluminide bond coat was noted as well. The outer ceramic layer was characterized by columnar structure typically formed during the PS-PVD process. The obtained results showed that the new concept of TBCs formed using new processes might be an attractive alternative to conventional coatings produced using the expensive electron beam physical vapour deposition (EB-PVD) method.
‘Do Mormons thinkThe Book of Mormonis funny?’
Authors: Hale Adrian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPublic ridicule of a minority typically predicts a defensive response from the target of that humor. This is because public ridicule provides a polarizing spectacle, where the majority enjoys a humorous face reward, and solidarity, at the expense of that minority. Logically, we could expect a faith-based minority to beespeciallysensitive to public ridicule, since their face investment is greater, in inverse proportion to their social position and power, and because their group (and personal) identity is linked inextricably to what would normally be inviolable: a sacred text, a prophet, or deity. However, the official response from the LDS Church to the musical comedyThe Book of Mormondefies this expectation. This paper analyses this response, in order to understand why a religious minority chose to creatively engage with what should have been a highly face-threatening satire.
The School of History and the Institute for Global History, Beijing Foreign Studies University
Authors: Wang Zi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The School of History and the Institute for Global History of Beijing Foreign Studies University was founded in December 2017. It aims to become a significant platform in China for international scholars to conduct research on global history. The school offers course on the histories of China and regions across the world from a global perspective. In terms of research, it is the school’s goal to understand history through interactions, especially the interaction between China and the world in modern terms. The school pays special attention to the fields of the history of ideas, the knowledge transfer and scholarly exchange, and the cultural and linguistic contact between the East and the West.
Subgraph Network Random Effects Error Components Models: Specification and Testing
Authors: Montes-Rojas Gabriel 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This paper develops a subgraph random effects error components model for network data linear regression where the unit of observation is the node. In particular, it allows for link and triangle specific components, which serve as a basal model for modeling network effects. It then evaluates the potential effects of ignoring network effects in the estimation of the coefficients’ variance-covariance matrix. It also proposes consistent estimators of the variance components using quadratic forms and Lagrange Multiplier tests for evaluating the appropriate model of random components in networks. Monte Carlo simulations show that the tests have good performance in finite samples. It applies the proposed tests to the Call interbank market in Argentina.