bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using fall‐seeded cover crop mixtures to enhance agroecosystem services: A review
Authors: Lavergne Stéphanie , Vanasse Anne , Thivierge Marie‐Noëlle , Halde Caroline 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe intensification of agriculture has resulted in the loss of species diversity in agroecosystems. Crop diversification not only improves ecosystem functions but increases agroecosystem resilience to climate change. Cover crops (CC) are used in the crop rotation to increase plant diversity and provide continuous living roots and soil cover. Previous studies have focused mainly on pure stands of CC and on binary mixtures. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in multispecies mixtures (>2 species). Here, we review reports from the literature to document the effectiveness of fall‐seeded CC mixtures to provide agroecosystem services such as weed suppression, N cycling, soil organic C storage, and crop productivity. We cover both organic and conventional field crop systems in North America and Europe. We found, for both systems, that fall‐seeded CC mixtures increased many agroecosystem services compared with a control without CC; however, they had inconsistent effects in comparison with a pure stand. The capacity of mixtures to enhance a given agroecosystem service was found to be dependent on the species functional group. Legume‐based mixtures increased soil N and C contents along with crop yield, whereas nonlegume mixtures improved N recycling and weed suppression. Differences in the functional groups within CC mixtures could lead to trade‐offs among agroecosystem services. Future research should focus on what drives species‐specific contributions to productivity and other ecosystem services when CC are seeded in mixtures. More long‐term research is needed to provide better insights into the stability of the ecosystem services provided by CC mixtures.
Cotton yield response to soil applied potassium across the U. S. Cotton Belt
Authors: Lewis Katie , Morgan Gaylon , Frame William Hunter , Fromme Daniel , Dodds Darrin M. , Edmisten Keith L. , Robertson Bill , Boman Randy , Cutts Trey , Delaney Dennis P. , Burke Joseph Alan , Nichols Robert L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAcross the U.S. Cotton Belt, potassium (K) deficiency symptoms in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) have become more common over the past decade. In 2015–2017, an experiment was conducted in Alabama, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, two regions in Texas, and Virginia for a total of 23 site‐years. The objectives were (a) to quantify soil K levels at‐depth in representative soils where cotton is commonly grown in major cotton production regions with observed K deficiencies; and (b) to evaluate the effects of application method and K rates on cotton lint yield, loan value, and return on fertilizer investment. Granular and liquid potassium chloride were broadcast or injected, respectively, 2–4 wk prior to planting at 0, 45, 90, 135, and 180 kg K2O ha−1. Locations other than Texas and Oklahoma generally had soil K levels <less than 150 mg kg−1, the Mehlich III critical K level, and thus, a yield response to applied K fertilizer was expected. However, among the 23 site‐years, a treatment effect was determined at 5 site‐years. Two of those, Williamson County, Texas, and Virginia endured severe moisture stress and resulted in low yields (<526 kg lint ha−1). A positive lint yield response to knife‐injected 0–0–15 was determined in 2015 at the Lubbock County, Texas, location—a location with high yield (>1,653 kg lint ha−1). Inconsistent yield responses among locations indicate that K dynamics in the soil–cotton plant system are not well understood and deserve continued investigation.
Double‐Exchange‐Induced in situ Conductivity in Nickel‐Based Oxyhydroxides: An Effective Descriptor for Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Tian Bailin , Shin Hyeyoung , Liu Shengtang , Fei Muchun , Mu Zhangyan , Liu Cheng , Pan Yanghang , Sun Yamei , Goddard William A. , Ding Mengning 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMotivated by in silico predictions that Co, Rh, and Ir dopants would lead to low overpotentials to improve OER activity of Ni‐based hydroxides, we report here an experimental confirmation on the altered OER activities for a series of metals (Mo, W, Fe, Ru, Co, Rh, Ir) doped into γ‐NiOOH. The in situ electrical conductivity for metal doped γ‐NiOOH correlates well with the trend in enhanced OER activities. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were used to rationalize the in situ conductivity of the key intermediate states of metal doped γ‐NiOOH during OER. The simultaneous increase of OER activity with intermediate conductivity was later rationalized by their intrinsic connections to the double exchange (DE) interaction between adjacent metal ions with various d orbital occupancies, serving as an indicator for the key metal‐oxo radical character, and an effective descriptor for the mechanistic evaluation and theoretical guidance in design and screening of efficient OER catalysts.
Size‐Dependent Selectivity of Electrochemical CO2 Reduction on Converted In2O3 Nanocrystals
Authors: Huang Yang , Mao Xinnan , Yuan Guotao , Zhang Duo , Pan Binbin , Deng Jun , Shi Yunru , Han Na , Li Chaoran , Zhang Liang , Wang Lu , He Lin , Li Youyong , Li Yanguang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe size modulation of catalyst particles represents a useful dimension to tune catalytic performances by impacting not only their surface areas but also local electronic structures. It, however, has remained inadequately explored and poorly elucidated. Here, we report the interesting size‐dependent selectivity of electrochemical CO2 reduction on In2O3 nanocrystals. 5‐nm nanoparticles and 15‐nm nanocubes with focused size distribution are prepared via a facile solvothermal reaction in oleylamine by carefully controlling a set of experimental parameters. They serve as the precatalysts, and are reduced to In nanocrystals while largely inherit the original size feature during electrochemical CO2 reduction. Catalyst derived from 15‐nm nanocubes exhibits greater formate selectivity (>95 %) at lower overpotential and negligible side reactions compared to bulk‐like samples (indium foil and 200‐nm cubes) as well as the catalyst derived from smaller 5‐nm nanoparticles. This unique size dependence is rationalized as a result of the competition among different reaction pathways by our theoretical computations. Smaller is not always better in the catalyst design.
Study of the dynamic adsorption and the effect of the presence of different cations and anions on the adsorption of As(V) on GUT‐3
Authors: Zhang Zilong , Chen Zhao , Xiao Yu , Yi Ming , Zheng Xiao , Xie Mingqi , Shen Minglin 
Published: May 2021

This study is aimed at understanding the dynamic adsorption and the effect of the presence of different cations and anions on the adsorption of As(V) on GUT‐3 (a new metal–organic framework). The study showed that Zn2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, CO32−, and NO3− promoted the adsorption of As(V) on GUT‐3 at all concentrations and Fe3+ and Cr3+ promoted the adsorption only at 0.5 and 2 mmol/L, respectively, and PO43− and SO42− at 0.5 mmol/L. Fe3+, Cr3+, PO43−, and SO42− inhibited the adsorption at other concentrations. And Zn2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, CO32−, and NO3 promote the adsorption of As(V) on GUT‐3. Fe3+ and Cr3+ at 0.5, 2 mmol/L promote the adsorption of As(V) on GUT‐3. PO43− and SO42− at 0.5 mmol/L promoted the adsorption of As(V) on GUT‐3, whereas PO43− and SO42− at other concentrations inhibited the adsorption of As(V) on GUT‐3. However, K+, irrespective of the concentration, was seen to inhibit the adsorption of As(V) on GUT‐3. The dynamic adsorption study showed that the penetration process of As(V) on GUT‐3 was more in line with the bed depth service time (BDST) model. Dynamic adsorption was mainly chemical in nature and was observed to occur on the surface of the adsorbent.
Evolution of polyacrylonitrile precursor fibers and the effect of stretch profile in wet spinning
Authors: Moskowitz Jeremy D. , Jackson Matthew B. , Tucker Amy , Cook J. Desmond 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWet spinning of polyacrylonitrile‐based polymers is a common technique to manufacture carbon fiber precursors. Understanding the role of stretch profile on structural evolution will support efforts to reduce cost and improve process robustness. Fiber stretch generally occurs in three sequential stages: jet stretch, wet stretch (first draw), and hot draw (second draw). In this study, total fiber stretch was kept constant, but distributed differently across the stretch stages yielding three different fiber variants. Samples were collected and analyzed after each stretch stage in order to correlate process parameters to structural information. For all variants, orientation of the ordered phase increases gradually for each stage of stretch while activation energy for the structural relaxation decreases. Alternatively, crystallite size increases substantially during hot draw, which is shown to have the most pronounced effect on cyclization behavior. Given the process conditions, the variant with the lowest jet stretch and highest hot draw demonstrates the highest tenacity and modulus along with the greatest orientation, crystallite size, and highest peak exotherm temperature.
I Alone Can Fix It: Examining interactions between narcissistic leaders and anxious followers on Twitter using a machine learning approach
Authors: Gruda Dritjon , Karanatsiou Dimitra , Mendhekar Kanishka , Golbeck Jennifer , Vakali Athena 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDue to their confidence and dominance, narcissistic leaders oftentimes can be perceived favorably by followers, in particular during times of uncertainty. In this study, we propose and examine the relationship between narcissistic leaders and followers who are prone to experience uncertainty intensely and frequently in general, namely highly anxious followers. We do so by applying machine learning algorithms to account for personality traits in a large sample of leaders and followers on Twitter. We find that highly anxious followers are more likely to interact with narcissistic leaders in general, and male narcissistic leaders in particular. Finally, we also examined these interactions in the context of highly popular leaders and found that as leaders become more popular, they begin to attract less anxious followers, regardless of leader gender. We interpret and discuss these findings in relation to previous work and outline limitations and future research recommendations based on our approach.
What do we know about business strategy and environmental research? Insights from Business Strategy and the Environment
Authors: Kumar Satish , Sureka Riya , Lim Weng Marc , Kumar Mangla Sachin , Goyal Nisha 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBusiness Strategy and the Environment (BSE) is a premier journal dedicated to interdisciplinary research that advances business practice leading to improvements in environmental performance. Using big data analytics, this review examines the intellectual structure and the drivers of research impact of BSE in the scholarly domain. The bibliometric results suggest three major findings. First, the top three countries contributing to BSE are the United Kingdom, the United States, and China. Second, BSE's research manifests through five thematic clusters, namely, business strategy and sustainability; corporate governance and sustainability reporting; green marketing and pro‐environmental behavior; innovation and environmental policy; and environmental management systems. Finally, BSE's research impact in terms of citations is significantly influenced by author affiliation (United States); article age (older), appearance (lead article and special issue), length (longer), and method (mix methods); title length (shorter title); and number of keywords (more keywords) and references (more references). Implications for BSE's readers and future contributors are discussed.
Income loss after a cancer diagnosis in Germany: An analysis based on the socio‐economic panel survey
Authors: Hernandez Diego , Schlander Michael 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsCancer treatments often require intensive use of healthcare services and limit patients’ ability to work, potentially causing them to become financially vulnerable. The present study is the first attempt to measure, on the German national level, the magnitude of absolute income loss after a cancer diagnosis.MethodsThis study analyzes data from the Socio‐Economic Panel (SOEP) survey, one of the largest and most comprehensive household surveys in Germany, consisting of approximately 20,000 individuals, who are traced annually. The empirical strategy consists of ordinary least squares (OLS) and multinomial logistic estimators to measure changes in job income, work status, working hours, and pension as a result of reporting a cancer diagnosis for the period between 2009 and 2015. Sample consistency checks were conducted to limit measurement error biases.ResultsOur results show that job incomes dropped between 26% and 28% within the year a cancer diagnosis was reported. The effect persisted for two years after the diagnosis and was no longer observable after four years. The finding was linked to an increased likelihood of unemployment and a reduction of working hours by 24%. Pension levels, on the other hand, were not affected by a cancer diagnosis.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that many cancer patients are exposed to financial hardship in Germany, particularly when the cancer diagnosis occurs during their working age and before requirements to obtain a pension are met. Further research seems warranted to identify particularly vulnerable patient groups.
GRACEfully assessing the timeline for noninfarct‐related artery intervention in ST‐elevation myocardial infarction patients
Authors: Shah Jay , Levy Michael S. 
Published: May 2021

Key Points
A large registry study of ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients with multivessel disease and without cardiogenic shock demonstrated that staged in‐hospital intervention of the noninfarct‐related artery was associated with a reduced risk of all‐cause mortality when compared to culprit‐only PCI or immediate multivessel intervention.
A subgroup analysis stratified by the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) score, showed a mortality benefit in high‐risk patients (GRACE score > 140) undergoing staged in‐hospital intervention of the noninfarct‐related artery with a median interval between the two procedures of 5 days.
Further large, randomized trials are needed to help clarify appropriate timing for nonculprit staged intervention in STEMI patients.
More energy, more costs
Authors: Balan Prakash , Eng Marvin H. 
Published: May 2021

Key Points
Transseptal access has been widely disseminated with a relatively low complication rate.
The VersaCross Transseptal system utilizes radiofrequency energy to facilitate transseptal access enhancing ease and efficiency of procedures.
Rising costs of structural heart interventions may impact resource allocation for medical devices.
Large‐bore vascular closure: Evolution not revolution for now
Authors: Turi Zoltan G. 
Published: May 2021

Key Points
Closure technology has expanded modestly since the dawn of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR)—most improvements in outcomes have come from evolving techniques, smaller TAVR devices, better operator skills, and lower risk patients.
The MANTA device adapts a well‐established sandwiching of a resorbable anchor and collagen plug to large‐bore closure.
The choice of large‐bore closure devices will remain one of the operator's preference pending a sufficiently powered randomized trial.
Tailwind of transcatheter mitral valve repair pushes forward the treatment of acute mitral regurgitation after myocardial infarction
Authors: Tarantini Giuseppe , Fraccaro Chiara 
Published: May 2021

Key Points
Acute mitral regurgitation after myocardial infarction is associated with high mortality and morbidity.
Treatment with the MitraClip is associated with high procedural success and acceptable mortality whether they presented in or out of cardiogenic shock, provided initial hemodynamic stabilization was first achieved before PMVR.
This transcatheter technique represents a valid alternative for selected patients and prospective studies are warranted to inform patient selection and periprocedural management in this acute setting.
Use of Wire Matrix Inserts in Thermosiphon Reboilers in the Lower Operating Range
Authors: Lu Yan , Jasch Katharina , Scholl Stephan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTurbulators are applied to increase the thermal efficiency of heat transfer units. The additional pressure drop can be challenging for the self‐circulation of thermosiphon reboilers. Thus, the effects of hiTRAN®‐wire matrix inserts for the boiling of water and a water/glycerol mixture were investigated herein, using the performance of a thermosiphon reboiler with plain tubes as a reference. The reboiler was operated at sub‐atmospheric pressures, small driving temperature differences, and under flooded conditions. Favorable and unfavorable operating conditions for using inserts were specified. Especially for the water/glycerol mixture, significant improvements of self‐circulation and heat transfer up to six times compared to the plain tube reference were observed, allowing an operation of thermosiphon reboilers at smaller driving temperature differences under sub‐atmospheric pressures.
Young Scientists – Juniorprofessor Gregor D. Wehinger stellt sich vor
Authors: Wehinger Gregor D. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn diesem Beitrag stellt sich Juniorprofessor Gregor D. Wehinger vom Institut für Chemische und Elektrochemische Verfahrenstechnik der TU Clausthal vor. Neben aktuellen Forschungsarbeiten und Lehraktivitäten gibt er auch einen Überblick darüber, wie er sich in der Community engagiert. Fachlich berichtet er von aktuellen Ergebnissen im Bereich der CFD‐Modellierung von Festbettreaktoren, Redox‐Flow‐Batterien und Mehrphasensystemen. Zudem wird der Einsatz von virtueller Realität in einem aktuellen Lehrprojekt vorgestellt.
A critical review on micro‐ and nanomotors: Application towards wastewater treatment
Authors: Verma Bharti , Gumfekar Sarang P. , Sabapathy Manigandan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMicro‐ and nanomotors are synthetic devices that can transform various sources of energy into motion. These devices perform specialized tasks as they propel themselves in response to stimuli. The application of self‐propelled micro‐ and nanomachines in wastewater treatment has been of prime importance in the last decade. Compared to static decontamination systems, micro‐ and nanomachines can remove or degrade water pollutants in a much more rapid way owing to higher diffusion rates and fluxes. The present review focuses on the recent progress of micro‐ and nanomachines in wastewater treatment and provides an overview of their structural features, synthesis procedures, and propulsion mechanisms. We reviewed the applications of micro‐ and nanomachines to remove heavy metals, dyes, and organic pollutants from wastewater. We also discussed the challenges micro‐ and nanomotors face during wastewater treatment, thus providing a holistic approach to the article. This article highlights the shortcomings as well as the opportunities for micro‐ and nanomotors‐based technology in wastewater treatment.
Investigation of local and temporal interfacial shear stress distribution during membrane emulsification
Authors: Wollborn Tobias , Giefer Patrick , Kieserling Helena , Wagemans Anja M. , Drusch Stephan , Fritsching Udo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe production of high‐quality liquid/liquid emulsions is a key factor in many industrial processes, such as in food or pharmaceutical industries. The premix emulsification process enables the controlled adjustment of fine and narrow distributed droplet sizes. Furthermore, premix emulsification in porous structures is considered a low‐shear process that enables the usage and formulation of shear sensitive media (e.g., proteins). However, the local and time‐dependent stress conditions and stress residence time at the droplet interface during droplet dispersion in micro‐porous structures are still unknown. In this paper, interfacial stress distributions during droplet dispersion in premix membrane emulsification are numerically (computational fluid dynamics, CFD) investigated. Time‐dependent stress conditions and stress residence times at the interface are calculated. The stress conditions are related to the droplet deformation process to identify the main mechanisms for droplet breakup. The results are compared to experimental analysis of the resulting droplet size distribution during emulsion formulation. It has been found that higher shear stresses occur at the pore wall, but lower shear stresses at the liquid/liquid (disperse/continuous) interface are responsible for the droplet dispersion process. The stress residence time shows that lower stresses are present over a longer time compared to higher stresses. This is relevant for the understanding of the dispersion process, but also for the use of shear sensitive media (e.g., proteins as emulsifier).
A Versatile Crosslinking Strategy on Facile Fabrication of Fluorescent Hydrogels via o‐Phthalaldehyde Ternary Condensation
Authors: Cao Qingchen , Wang Hufei , Wang Xing , Wu Decheng 
Published: May 2021

Main observation and conclusionIt is of great significance to develop rapid crosslinking strategies to enrich the functions of hydrogels and simplify the preparation process of hydrogels. Herein, we applied the ternary condensation reaction of o‐phthalaldehyde (OPA) with thiol and amino moieties to construct hydrogel networks with fast gelation rate, excellent mechanical strength, and favorable stability. The obtained hydrogels exhibited rapid gelation transition even at a low solid content. The ternary condensation was traced in the gelation process and demonstrated as a pseudo‐first‐order reaction irrespective of the gelation threshold. Interestingly, the crosslinking sites of these hydrogels were constructed with isoindole rings, endowing the materials with fluorescent functions without an extra chemical grafting process. The OPA ternary condensation reaction was a simple and universal strategy towards fabrication of natural or synthetic polymer gels from polysaccharides, proteins, and synthetic polymers, which is expected to have potential biomedical applications.