bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decidable fan theorem and uniform continuity theorem with continuous moduli
Authors: Fujiwara Makoto , Kawai Tatsuji 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe uniform continuity theorem states that every pointwise continuous real‐valued function on the unit interval is uniformly continuous. In constructive mathematics, is strictly stronger than the decidable fan theorem , but Loeb [17] has shown that the two principles become equivalent by encoding continuous real‐valued functions as type‐one functions. However, the precise relation between such type‐one functions and continuous real‐valued functions (usually described as type‐two objects) has been unknown. In this paper, we introduce an appropriate notion of continuity for a modulus of a continuous real‐valued function on [0, 1], and show that real‐valued functions with continuous moduli are exactly those functions induced by Loeb's codes. Our characterisation relies on two assumptions: (1) real numbers are represented by regular sequences (equivalently Cauchy sequences with explicitly given moduli); (2) the continuity of a modulus is defined with respect to the product metric on the regular sequences inherited from the Baire space. Our result implies that is equivalent to the statement that every pointwise continuous real‐valued function on [0, 1] with a continuous modulus is uniformly continuous. We also show that is equivalent to a similar principle for real‐valued functions on the Cantor space . These results extend Berger's [2] characterisation of for integer‐valued functions on and unify some characterisations of in terms of functions having continuous moduli.
An effective relaxed alternating procedure for Cauchy problem connected with Helmholtz Equation
Authors: Berdawood Karzan A. , Nachaoui Abdeljalil , Nachaoui Mourad , Aboud Fatima 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the Cauchy problem for the Helmholtz equation. Recently, some new works asked the convergence of the well‐known alternating iterative method. Our main result is to propose a new alternating algorithm based on relaxation technique. In contrast to the existing results, the proposed algorithm is simple to implement, converges for all choice of wave number, and it can be used as an acceleration of convergence in the case where the classical alternating algorithm converges. We present theoretical results of the convergence of our algorithm. The numerical results obtained using our relaxed algorithm and the finite element approximation show the numerical stability, consistency and convergence of this algorithm. This confirms the efficiency of the proposed method.
Is the Science of Reading Just the Science of Reading English?
Authors: Share David L. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTThe science of reading has made genuine progress in understanding reading and the teaching of reading, but is the science of reading just the science of reading English? Worldwide, a majority of students learn to read and write in non‐European, nonalphabetic orthographies such as abjads (e.g., Arabic), abugidas/alphasyllabaries (e.g., Hindi), or morphosyllabaries (e.g., Chinese). Over a decade ago, I argued that the extreme inconsistency of English spelling–sound correspondence had confined the science of reading to an insular, Anglocentric research agenda addressing theoretical and applied issues with limited relevance for a universal science of reading. Here, I ask if the science of reading has moved forward. Acknowledging some limited progress over the past decade, it is evident that even today, mainstream reading research remains entrenched in Anglocentrism, Eurocentrism, and another form of ethnocentrism that I call alphabetism. Even the two dominant theoretical frameworks for describing cross‐script diversity, orthographic depth and psycholinguistic grain size theory, give little or no consideration to non‐European alphabets or nonalphabetic scripts, promoting a one‐dimensional view of script variation (i.e., spelling–sound consistency). Consideration of the full spectrum of the world’s languages and writing systems reveals multiple dimensions of writing system complexity, each liable to create obstacles for the developing reader. If the science of reading is to contribute meaningfully to assessment, diagnosis, instruction, and intervention for all readers around the world, then we must extricate our field from entrenched ethnocentrism and embrace global diversity.
“People Get Mistaken”: Asian American Girls Using Multiple Literacies to Defy Dominant Imaginings of Asian American Girlhood
Authors: Player Grace D. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTIn this article, I use narrative portraiture as a methodology to inquire into the ways that two Asian American (AsAm) girls used their time in an after‐school writing collaborative for girls of Color to explore and express their identities and political commitments through multiple literacies. Building on theoretical foundations of AsianCrit, women of Color, and AsAm feminisms, and sociocultural understandings of literacies, I argue against the flattening of AsAm girlhood, rooted in the harmful intersection of sexism and stereotypes such as the model minority and forever foreigner tropes. Three learnings emerged from this study: (1) AsAm girls’ relational literacies are used to explore and express AsAm girlhood, (2) AsAm girls use multimodal literacies to inquire into and story their identities in ways that resist dominant definitions of AsAm girlhood, and (3) AsAm girls are holders of emerging political identities that can be supported through supportive literacy curriculum. The work of the girls featured in this article has important implications for the ways the field understands AsAm girlhood and AsAm girl literacies. I put forth a necessary call for more AsAm feminist scholars to work alongside AsAm girls to create richer understandings of their needs and desires and how we might support them through literacy pedagogies.
Organizing knowledge transfer between university and agribusiness firms
Authors: Vesperi Walter , Melina Anna Maria , Ventura Marzia , Coppolino Raffaella , Reina Rocco 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe agribusiness sector represents an economic sector of particular importance and with the highest employment rate. The sector is very complex due to the characteristics of the organizations that are part of it and need to base their competitive advantage on innovations often obtained by sharing knowledge with third organizations. The study highlights the main theories of the key organizational factors that influence the knowledge transfer process between universities and firms and presents the first results of an exploratory analysis, aimed to understand what are the key organizational factors identified by the entrepreneurs of the agribusiness sector that affect knowledge transfer for innovation, in particular from universities and high educational institutions. The study can help agribusiness organizations to activate and manage their interorganizational relationships in order to improve their mechanism of knowledge sharing for innovation and shed light for scholars on an important business sector.
Energy Harvesting/Storage and Environmental Remediation via Hot Drinks Wastes
Authors: Parsimehr Hamidreza , Ehsani Ali , Goharshenas Moghadam Saba , Arachchige Dumith Madushanka Jayathilaka Wanasinghe , Ramakrishna Seeram 
Published: April 2021

AbstractProviding energy and materials are considered one most important issue in the world. Produce and storage energy and also, prepare chemical substances from disposable biomass materials have been widely developed in recent decades to decrease environmental pollutions and production costs. The waste of hot drinks including coffee wastes and tea wastes have considerable potentials to provide energy and different chemical substances. Also, hazardous materials (especially aqueous ions) can be absorbed via hot drinks wastes to protect the environment against perilous pollutants. The low‐cost and benign hot drinks wastes including tea wastes and coffee grounds and also the pyrolyzed of them as the hot drinks waste biochar materials have been widely used to produce and store green energies and also, absorb hazardous materials. Production and storage energy and environmental remediation in these sustainable procedures not only reduce the cost of energy but also protect the environment.
Straightforward Construction and Functionalizations of Nitrogen‐Containing Heterocycles Through Migratory Insertion of Metal‐Carbenes/Nitrenes
Authors: Bera Satabdi , Biswas Aniruddha , Samanta Rajarshi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNitrogen‐containing heterocycles are widely found in various biologically active substrates, pharmaceuticals, natural products and organic materials. Consequently, the continuous effort has been devoted towards the development of straightforward, economical, environmentally acceptable, efficient and ingenious methods for the synthesis of various N‐containing heterocycles and their functionalizations. Arguably, one of the most prominent direct strategy is regioselective C−H bond functionalizations which provide the step and atom economical approaches in the presence of suitable coupling partners. In this context, site‐selective migratory insertion of metal carbenes/nitrenes to the desired C−H bonds has proven as a useful tool to access various functionalized nitrogen heterocycles. In this personal account, we highlight some of our contemporary development toward constructing N‐containing heterocycles and their direct functionalizations via transition metal catalysed C−H bond functionalizations based on migratory insertion of metal‐carbenes and nitrenes.
China's diversification strategy in Latin American and African markets: Defense software and hardware exports
Authors: Gouvea Raul , Kapelianis Dimitri , Terra Branca 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn the past two decades, China has become a strategic economic partner for both Latin American and African nations. China's economic global relevance is translating via its “Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)” into massive amounts of foreign trade, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), loans, and aid for both regions. Recently, China has added a national security and defense dimension to its BRI relationship with both regions. China's global strategic economic, geopolitical, and global defense goals are being expressed in its global “Road and Belt” power initiatives and strategies. This paper explores an additional dimension of China's BRI initiative: its role in both regions' defense industries and national security environments. China is increasingly using its trade and investment leverage with both regions to unbalance their defense choices and strategic defense relationships. China's increasing interactions with African and Latin American countries poses a number of geopolitical implications for both the United States and Western European countries.
Interobserver agreement of transvaginal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging in local staging of cervical cancer
Authors: Pálsdóttir K. , Fridsten S. , Blomqvist L. , Alagic Z. , Fischerova D. , Gaurilcikas A. , Hasselrot K. , Jäderling F. , Testa A. C. , Sundin A. , Epstein E. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate interobserver agreement for the assessment of local tumor extension in women with cervical cancer, among experienced and less experienced observers, using transvaginal ultrasound (TVS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).MethodsThe TVS observers were all gynecologists and consultant ultrasound specialists, six with and seven without previous experience in cervical cancer imaging. The MRI observers were five radiologists experienced in pelvic MRI and four less experienced radiology residents without previous experience in MRI of the pelvis. The less experienced TVS observers and all MRI observers underwent a short basic training session in the assessment of cervical tumor extension, while the experienced TVS observers received only a written directive. All observers were assigned the same images from cervical cancer patients at all stages (n = 60) and performed offline evaluation to answer the following three questions: (1) Is there a visible primary tumor? (2) Does the tumor infiltrate > ⅓ of the cervical stroma? and (3) Is there parametrial invasion? Interobserver agreement within the four groups of observers was assessed using Fleiss kappa (κ) with 95% CI.ResultsExperienced and less experienced TVS observers, respectively, had moderate interobserver agreement with respect to tumor detection (κ (95% CI), 0.46 (0.40–0.53) and 0.46 (0.41–0.52)), stromal invasion > ⅓ (κ (95% CI), 0.45 (0.38–0.51) and 0.53 (0.40–0.58)) and parametrial invasion (κ (95% CI), 0.57 (0.51–0.64) and 0.44 (0.39–0.50)). Experienced MRI observers had good interobserver agreement with respect to tumor detection (κ (95% CI), 0.70 (0.62–0.78)), while less experienced MRI observers had moderate agreement (κ (95% CI), 0.51 (0.41–0.62)), and both experienced and less experienced MRI observers, respectively, had good interobserver agreement regarding stromal invasion (κ (95% CI), 0.80 (0.72–0.88) and 0.71 (0.61–0.81)) and parametrial invasion (κ (95% CI), 0.69 (0.61–0.77) and 0.71 (0.61–0.81)).ConclusionsWe found interobserver agreement for the assessment of local tumor extension in patients with cervical cancer to be moderate for TVS and moderate‐to‐good for MRI. The level of interobserver agreement was associated with experience among TVS observers only for parametrial invasion. © 2021 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Stray Agency and Interspecies Care: The Amsterdam Stray Cats and Their Humans
Authors: Meijer Eva 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis chapter discusses the Stichting Amsterdamse Zwerfkatten (Amsterdam Stray Cat Foundation, afterwards SAZ), who work with and for stray cats. In their practices and views they challenge common assumptions about cat subjectivity and agency, the cats’ right to a habitat and social relations, as well as the idea that there is a strict difference between cats and humans. Their approach offers an alternative way of thinking about cat agency and human agency, networks of cat-human relations, sharing the city with cats, and working towards more freedom for cats and humans. In the chapter I examine these relations from the perspective of agency, care, and politics, and investigate whether or not this can function as a model for building new communities with other animals, which centres their agency.
Interpreting the YouTube Zoo: Ethical Potential of Captive Encounters
Authors: Kisora Yulia , Driessen Clemens 
Published: April 2021

AbstractYouTube hosts a vast number of videos featuring zoo animals and humans actively reacting to each other. These videos can be seen as a popular genre of online entertainment, but also as a significant visual artefact of our relations with animals in the age of humans. In this chapter we focus on two viral videos featuring captive orangutans interacting with zoo visitors. The interpretations of ape-human interactions arising from the extensive number of comments posted to the videos are ambivalent in how they see the animals and their assumed capabilities. We argue that the YouTube Zoo could figure as a snapshot of human-animal relations in late modern times: mediating artificial conditions of animals suspended between the wild and the domestic, while offering a screened account of a deeply surprising interaction. The chapter shows the potential of close interactions between humans and animals to destabilise or reinforce the neat divisions between the human and the animal. It also shows the ethical potential of these interactions to either reinforce or question common practices of dealing with wild animals.
The Welfarist Account of Disenhancement as Applied to Nonhuman Animals
Authors: Shriver Adam 
Published: April 2021

AbstractI criticize the current usage of the terms “enhancement” and “disenhancement” in the debate over the genetic modification of animals and propose an alternative definition of these terms based on how modifications affect animals’ welfare in particular contexts. The critique largely follows a similar criticism of the use of the term “enhancements” in the human bioethics literature. I first describe how the term “disenhancement” has been used in debates thus far, and argue that the present lack of a shared definition is problematic. I then consider some potential definitions of “disenhancement” that can be adapted from the human bioethics literature and argue that most of these uses are flawed for the purposes of using the term in current ethical debates. Finally, I elaborate on the welfarist conception of disenhancement and consider some potential objections, using examples from the literature to illustrate key points.
Justified Species Partiality
Authors: Sandler Ronald , Basl John 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA core question in practical ethics is ‘which entities do we need to consider in our decision-making?’ In this chapter we evaluate the justifications and motivations for defending species-membership views of human moral status. These are views on which human beings have a distinctive type of moral status grounded in their being human or possessing some property that almost perfectly correlates with being human. Many ethicists endorse species-membership views on moral status because they believe that moral status differences are needed to support widely held and purportedly well-justified beliefs about species differentiation in consideration and treatment. We argue against the need to adopt a species-membership or human-privilege view on moral status in order to justify species partiality in consideration and treatment. The sort of partiality with respect to consideration and treatment that motivates species-membership views is largely consistent with more egalitarian views about moral status, according to which an entity’s moral status depends on its own features, not the biological group to which it belongs. Given the traditional objections to species-membership views, to the extent that justified species partiality is consistent with alternative views of moral status, there is reason to reject the moral status significance of being human.
Comment: The Current State of Nonhuman Animal Agency
Authors: Leuven Joost 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNonhuman animals frequently rebel against human domination. The existence of such cases of rebellion forces us to consider the moral importance of agency in nonhuman animal lives. It is necessary that moral philosophers look critically at the topic of self-realization in nonhuman animals. By reflecting on the attempts by the authors in this section of the book to do just that, this comment aims to make sense of nonhuman animal agency in the Anthropocene.
Effects of CrN/TiN Coatings on Interfacial Contact Resistance of Stainless Steel 410 Bipolar Plates in Fuel Cells
Authors: Forouzanmehr Mohsen , Reza Kashyzadeh Kazem , Borjali Amirhossein , Jafarnode Mosayeb , Chizari Mahmoud 
Published: April 2021

AbstractChallenge on energy resources exists, especially when the fossil resources are limited. Fuel cells, as an alternative replacement, can be used. Fuel cells with coated bipolar plates are the interest of this paper. Current research is concerned with the effects of CrN/TiN coatings on interfacial contact resistance (ICR). Stainless steel 410 was selected as a base metal, and the coating process was performed using chromium nitride and titanium nitride by cathodic arc evaporation method. It was found that the surface roughness and ICR values of CrN-coated sample are lower than the TiN-coated sample. The concluded that the CrN layer could be replaced with the TiN layer for better performance of bipolar plates.
Moisture Stable Soot Coated Methylammonium Lead Iodide Perovskite Photoelectrodes for Hydrogen Production in Water
Authors: Tiwari Udit , Dass Sahab 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMetal halide perovskites have triggered a quantum leap in the photovoltaic technology marked by a humongous improvement in the device performance in a matter of just a few years. Despite their promising optoelectronic properties, their use in the photovoltaic sector remains restricted due to their inherent instability towards moisture. Here, we report a simple, cost-effective and highly efficient protection strategy that enables their use as photoelectrodes for photoelectrochemical hydrogen production while being immersed in water. A uniform coating of candle soot and silica is developed as an efficient hydrophobic coating that protects the perovskite from water while allowing the photogenerated electrons to reach the counter electrode. We achieve remarkable stability with photocurrent density above 1.5 mA cm−2 at 1 V versus saturated calomel electrode (SCE) for ~1 h under constant illumination. These results indicate an efficient route for the development of stable perovskite photoelectrodes for solar water splitting.
Design Procedure of a Hybrid Renewable Power Generation System
Authors: Hosseini Seyed Vahid , Izadi Ali , Madani Seyed Hossein , Chen Yong , Chizari Mahmoud 
Published: April 2021

AbstractElectrification of small communities in districted off-grid area remains as a challenge for power generation industries. In the current study, various aspects of design of a standalone renewable power plant are examined and implemented in a case study of a rural area in Cape Town, South Africa. Estimating required electricity based on local demand profile, investment, operability, and maintenance costs of different generation technologies are studied in order to investigate their potential in an off-grid clean energy generation system. Several configurations of hybridization of solar system, wind, and micro gas turbine in combination with a battery are investigated. The Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) and number of days with more than 3 h black out are compared.
How Clean Is the Air You Breathe? Air Quality During Commuting Using Various Transport Modes in Nottingham
Authors: Shakmak Bubaker , Watkins Matthew , Al-Habaibeh Amin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAir quality has developed into a significant global issue and its negative effect on human health, wellbeing and ultimately the effect of shortening of life expectancy is becoming a pressing concern. Such concerns are most acute in cities in the UK. Although many cities, including Nottingham, are taking significant measures to enhance air quality, there was limited work focusing on the individual’s experience during commuting. This paper suggests a novel approach for measuring commuting air quality through quantifying particulate matters PM2.5 and PM10, using the city of Nottingham as a case study. Portable low-cost systems comprising of a GPS sensor and an Aeroqual pollution data logger were used to capture data and develop the sensor fusion via newly developed software. Data was collected from a variety of transport modes comprising bike, bus, car, tram and walking to provide evidence on relative particulate levels and 2D and 3D data maps were produced to communicate the relative pollution levels in a publicly accessible manner. The study found as expected particulate pollution to be higher during peak hours and typically closer to the city. However whilst the lowest particulate concentrations were found on the Tram the highest were for cyclists contrary to the literature. The project encompasses a democratic crowd sourced approach to data collection by enabling the public to gather data via their daily commute, increasing people’s awareness of the air quality in their locality. The acquired data permitted a range of comparisons considering differing times of day and zones such as the city centre and surrounding residential areas in the City council boundary.