bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non‐restrictive interventions to reduce self‐harm amongst children in mental health inpatient settings: Systematic review and narrative synthesis
Authors: Griffiths Robert , Dawber Alison , McDougall Tim , Midgley Salli , Baker John 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRates of self‐harm amongst children appear to be increasing. This presents challenges for practitioners responsible for maintaining the safety of children admitted to mental health inpatient settings. Policy guidelines recommend that practitioners should aim to avoid the use of restrictive practices for children. It is currently unclear, however, what evidence‐based alternatives to restrictive practices are available. We aimed to identify what non‐restrictive interventions have been proposed to reduce self‐harm amongst children in mental health inpatient settings and to evaluate the evidence supporting their use in clinical practice. A systematic search of five databases (CINAHL, Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, APA Psycinfo, and Cochrane) was conducted to identify articles reporting on non‐restrictive interventions aimed at reducing self‐harm amongst children in mental health inpatient settings. Articles were quality assessed and relevant data were extracted and synthesized using narrative synthesis. Searches identified relatively few relevant articles (n = 7) and these were generally of low methodological quality. The underlying theoretical assumptions and putative mechanisms of change for the interventions described were often unclear. Despite concerns about the rates of self‐harm amongst children in mental health inpatient settings, there is a lack of high‐quality research to inform clinical practice. There is an urgent need to develop effective non‐restrictive interventions aimed at reducing self‐harm for children using inpatient mental health services. Intervention development should be theoretically informed and be conducted in collaboration with people who have lived experience of this issue.
The biomechanical efficacy of a hydrogel‐based dressing in preventing facial medical device‐related pressure ulcers
Authors: Grigatti Angela , Gefen Amit 
Published: October 2021

AbstractContinuous positive airway pressure masks for breathing assistance are used widely during the coronavirus pandemic. Nonetheless, these masks endanger the viability of facial tissues even after a few hours because of the sustained tissue deformations and extreme microclimate conditions. The risk of developing such device‐related pressure ulcers/injuries can be reduced through suitable cushioning materials at the mask‐skin interface, to alleviate localised contact forces. Here, we determined the facial tissue loading state under an oral‐nasal mask while using hydrogel‐based dressing cuts (Paul Hartmann AG, Heidenheim, Germany) for prophylaxis, which is a new concept in prevention of device‐related injuries. For this purpose, we measured the compressive mask‐skin contact forces at the nasal bridge, cheeks, and chin with vs without these dressing cuts and fed these data to a finite element, adult head model. Model variants were developed to compare strain energy densities and effective stresses in skin and through the facial tissue depth, with vs without the dressing cuts. We found that the dry (new) dressing cuts reduced tissue exposures to loads (above the median loading level) by at least 30% at the nasal bridge and by up to 99% at the cheeks, across the tissue depth. These dressing cuts were further able to maintain at least 65% and 89% of their protective capacity under moisture at the nasal bridge and cheeks, respectively. The hydrogel‐based dressings demonstrated protective efficacy at all the tested facial sites but performed the best at the nasal bridge and cheeks, which are at the greatest injury risk.
Dissensuality and Affect in Education
Authors: Skregelid Lisbet 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article is a contribution to arts‐based approaches to education. It makes a proposition for pedagogy of dissensus, a pedagogy inspired by Jacques Rancière, that is informed by the characteristics of art that possibly enables transformations and de‐territorialisations of the subject. The ongoing project My stunning stream – Made with a little mischief (2020–) combining art and running in a repetitive manner is used as a point of departure. The project is used to discuss how art‐practice as a lived inquiry relying on dissensual and affective awareness can inform teaching. Important and visible parts of the project are films made about three times a week from the same spot by the sea. The article makes use of a / r / tography as an arts‐based research methodology and thereby investigating the art practice from a first‐person perspective. The article demonstrates the importance of embodying and living the concepts and the pedagogy one calls for.
Constructing the advanced nurse practitioner identity in the healthcare system: A discourse analysis
Authors: Thompson Wayne , McNamara Martin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimsTo explore how Advanced Nurse Practitioners (ANP) are positioned within current nursing and health system structures in Ireland by making explicit the discourses that construct ANPs’ identities and how they both enable and constrain their roles.BackgroundAmbiguity and confusion characterize debates about the ANP role having a profound impact on ANP identity and how they realize their roles. Without clear definitions, boundaries are difficult to ascertain, the full potential of the ANP is not realized and, consequently, ANPs are underutilized. Although this study is relevant outside Ireland's borders, it is of particular concern in the Irish setting as current policy aims to increase ANP numbers.DesignA qualitative discourse analysis using Gee's Tools of Inquiry.MethodData were collected between April 2019 and January 2020 through seven in‐depth interviews and four focus groups and analysed using Gee's Tools of Inquiry. Participants included ANPs, nurses, doctors and allied healthcare professionals.FindingsFive key discourses emerged. Language‐in‐use established, first, that ANPs add value to the healthcare system and, second, highlighted the centrality of nursing to ANPs’ identity. The third discourse builds an educated and skilled identity for ANPs, one that, however, lacked the expertise and influence of their medical colleagues. The fourth discourse constructs an identity for ANPs as medical substitutes, lesser roles, yet innovative additions to the system and a threat to existing structures. The final discourse constructs tensions between independence and autonomy, on the one hand, and control, on the other.ConclusionThis study alerts healthcare professionals to ways in which discourses influence opinion and frame ANPs’ identity. Healthcare professionals should challenge Conversations and Discourses that disparage the ANP role. ANPs need to clearly articulate their role, the value that it adds to the healthcare system and demonstrate how it aligns with and complements other healthcare professionals’ roles.ImpactBy identifying and critiquing extant Discourses and Conversations, healthcare professionals, and health system leaders and managers will gain a better understanding of the issues that both enable and constrain the ANP role.
Role of HRTPT in kidney proximal epithelial cell regeneration: Integrative differential expression and pathway analyses using microarray and scRNA‐seq
Authors: Shrestha Swojani , Singhal Sonalika , Kalonick Matthew , Guyer Rachel , Volkert Alexis , Somji Seema , Garrett Scott H. , Sens Donald A. , Singhal Sandeep K. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDamage to proximal tubules due to exposure to toxicants can lead to conditions such as acute kidney injury (AKI), chronic kidney disease (CKD) and ultimately end‐stage renal failure (ESRF). Studies have shown that kidney proximal epithelial cells can regenerate particularly after acute injury. In the previous study, we utilized an immortalized in vitro model of human renal proximal tubule epithelial cells, RPTEC/TERT1, to isolate HRTPT cell line that co‐expresses stem cell markers CD133 and CD24, and HREC24T cell line that expresses only CD24. HRTPT cells showed most of the key characteristics of stem/progenitor cells; however, HREC24T cells did not show any of these characteristics. The goal of this study was to further characterize and understand the global gene expression differences, upregulated pathways and gene interaction using scRNA‐seq in HRTPT cells. Affymetrix microarray analysis identified common gene sets and pathways specific to HRTPT and HREC24T cells analysed using DAVID, Reactome and Ingenuity software. Gene sets of HRTPT cells, in comparison with publicly available data set for CD133+ infant kidney, urine‐derived renal progenitor cells and human kidney‐derived epithelial proximal tubule cells showed substantial similarity in organization and interactions of the apical membrane. Single‐cell analysis of HRTPT cells identified unique gene clusters associated with CD133 and the 92 common gene sets from three data sets. In conclusion, the gene expression analysis identified a unique gene set for HRTPT cells and narrowed the co‐expressed gene set compared with other human renal–derived cell lines expressing CD133, which may provide deeper understanding in their role as progenitor/stem cells that participate in renal repair.
1‐MCP and pulsed controlled atmosphere affect internal storage disorders and desired quality of watercored “Fuji” apples
Authors: Yuan Junwei , Wang Haifen , Li Yusheng , Chen Lan , Zheng Yanli , Jiang Yuqian , Tang Yao , Li Xihong , Wang Luyin , Li Jixin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWatercored apple is a type of fruit with unique flavor and visual appearance. However, the watercore feature of apples will gradually disappear or develop internal disorders during storage, which would compromise their commercial value. In this study, the dissipation of watercore and spread of internal storage disorders (ISD) of the apple were investigated during 120 days preservation at 0°C under the four preservation conditions below: (a) regular air as control; (b) 1‐methylcyclopropene (1‐MCP) then stored in regular air; (c) at 2.5 kPa O2 plus 2.5 kPa CO2 with pulsed controlled atmosphere (pCA) storage; and (d) with 1‐MCP then stored at 2.5 kPa O2 plus 2.5 kPa CO2 with pulsed controlled atmosphere (1‐MCP + pCA). Results indicated that the watercore disappeared from the control group faster than that from the treated groups. The 1‐MCP + pCA watercore group maintained the highest watercore index and the minimum weight loss, but ISD became significantly serious compared to other treatments at the end of the 120 days storage. Although some ISD occurred in the pCA treatment group, the decreases firmness of pulp and accumulations of malondialdehyde were the least among all four groups. In conclusion, pCA treatment retained larger watercore, less likelihood of ISD, higher firmness, less weight loss than control group, and less browning in comparison to 1‐MCP + pCA group after 120 days' storage. The results help us further understand the mechanism of watercore regulation during storage.
Evaluation and disposition of older adults presenting to the emergency department with abdominal pain
Authors: Friedman Ari B. , Chen Angela T. , Wu Rachel , Coe Norma B. , Halpern Scott D. , Hwang Ula , Kelz Rachel R. , Cappola Anne R. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundAbdominal pain is the most common chief complaint in US emergency departments (EDs) among patients over 65, who are at high risk of mortality or incident disability after the ED encounter. We sought to characterize the evaluation, management, and disposition of older adults who present to the ED with abdominal pain.MethodsWe performed a survey‐weighted analysis of the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS), comparing older adults with a chief complaint of abdominal pain to those without. Visits from 2013 to 2017 to nationally representative EDs were included. We analyzed 81,509 visits to 1211 US EDs, which projects to 531,780,629 ED visits after survey weighting. We report the diagnostic testing, evaluation, management, additional reasons for visit, and disposition of ED visits.ResultsAmong older adults (≥65 years), 7% of ED visits were for abdominal pain. Older patients with abdominal pain had a lower probability of being triaged to the “Emergent” (ESI2) acuity on arrival (7.1% vs. 14.8%) yet were more likely to be admitted directly to the operating room than older adults without abdominal pain (3.6% vs. 0.8%), with no statistically significant differences in discharge home, death, or admission to critical care. Ultrasound or CT imaging was performed in 60% of older adults with abdominal pain. A minority (39%) of older patients with abdominal pain received an electrocardiogram (EKG).ConclusionsAbdominal pain in older adults presenting to EDs is a serious condition yet is triaged to “emergent” acuity at half the rate of other conditions. Opportunities for improving diagnosis and management may exist. Further research is needed to examine whether improved recognition of abdominal pain as a syndromic presentation would improve patient outcomes.
Characterization and function of circulating mucosal‐associated invariant T cells and γδT cells in oral lichen planus
Authors: Yang Jing‐Ya , Wang Fang , Zhou Gang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundOral lichen planus (OLP) is a T‐cell‐mediated chronic inflammatory disease with uncertain aetiology. Mucosal‐associated invariant T (MAIT) cells and γδT cells are unconventional, innate‐like T cells with immunoregulatory capacity. This study aimed to investigate the potential effects of MAIT and γδT cells on the pathogenesis of OLP.MethodsCirculating MAIT cells and γδT cells were identified using flow cytometry. Surface proteins including CD4, CD8, CD69, CD103, CD49d, programmed death‐1 (PD‐1) and its ligand PD‐L1 were assessed. Cytokines containing interleukin (IL)‐4, IL‐17, interferon (IFN)‐γ, granzyme B and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α released by MAIT and γδT cells were measured following PMA and ionomycin stimulation.ResultsCirculating MAIT and γδT cells were deficient in OLP. The percentage of CD4+, CD69+, CD103+ and PD‐1+ MAIT cells was increased in OLP, while that of CD8+ and CD49d+ MAIT cells was decreased. The percentage of CD103+, PD‐1+ and PD‐L1+ γδT cells was upregulated in OLP. Both the MAIT and γδT cells in OLP produced less IL‐4 than controls. The granzyme B‐producing MAIT cells were increased, while γδT cells secreting granzyme B and TNF‐α were reduced in OLP. IL‐17 and IFN‐γ in OLP MAIT and γδT cells were not significantly different from that in controls. The frequency of OLP MAIT cells and the MAIT/γδT rate were positively associated with the disease severity.ConclusionThe deficient MAIT and γδT cells expressing functional proteins and releasing cytokines may play an immunoregulatory role in the pathogenesis of OLP.
CHRISTIAN COMMITMENTS TO POLITICAL NONVIOLENCE
Authors: Babyak Joyce K. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractShould we as religious ethicists seek to understand what traditions other than our own or our own area of scholarship have to say about particular ethical issues as knowledge parallel to our own, or can we allow what we learn to make a difference in our own ethical positions? Writing from the perspective of Christian ethics, the author argues that we can indeed allow what we learn to inform Christian ethical evaluations and to shape ethical conclusions, with neighbor love and concern for the common good as grounds for doing this. Using forms of commitments to political nonviolence as a test case, the author first reviews major positions on war and peace ethics within Christianity, Judaism, and Islam, and then explores how Jewish and Muslim ethical assessments can inform a choice between Christian absolute pacifism and practical pacifism.
AL‐GHAZĀLĪ'S DIVINE COMMAND THEORY
Authors: Malik Shoaib Ahmed 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article reviews al‐Ghazālī's conception of Divine Command Theory (DCT) in light of contemporary philosophical developments. There are two well‐known objections against DCT. These include the problem of arbitrariness (PoA), which states that God randomly chose our moral framework for no reason given His capability to choose any moral commands; and the problem of God's goodness (PoGG), which questions God's goodness if morality could be other than what it is. Modern defenders of DCT have attempted to counter these objections through various strategies. This article juxtaposes al‐Ghazālī's interpretation of DCT with modern strategies to illustrate how these two issues are untroubling concerns in al‐Ghazālī's framework. In doing so, it highlights where and how they differ in their approaches. Additionally, it critiques interpretations suggested by some contemporary thinkers who suggest that al‐Ghazālī may not be a strict proponent of DCT.
Tax evasion with a conscience
Authors: Dufwenberg Martin , Nordblom Katarina 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHow do moral concerns affect fraud and detection, for example, tax compliance and the need for audits? We propose answers by exploring a psychological inspection game which incorporates belief‐dependent guilt, unawareness, and third‐party audience effects. Novel conclusions are drawn regarding whose behavior is affected by moral concerns (it's the inspector's more than the inspectee's) as well as the policy issue whether to allow the use of a principle of public access whereby tax returns are made public information.
Association of different antidepressant classes with clinical attachment level and alveolar bone loss in patients with periodontitis: A retrospective study
Authors: Hakam Abeer Essam , Duarte Poliana Mendes , Mbadu Marcia Phemba , Aukhil Ikramuddin , da Silva Hélio Doyle Pereira , Chang Jia 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveOur study aimed to determine the relationship of antidepressant medicine use with periodontal diseases, exploring the association of different pharmacological classes of antidepressant with observations of clinical attachment loss (CAL) and alveolar bone level (BL) in patients with periodontitis.BackgroundExisting evidence on the impact of antidepressant medication on periodontal tissues has focused on some classes only and is still unclear. Therefore, this retrospective study evaluated the association of different antidepressant classes with clinical attachment loss (CAL) and alveolar bone level (BL).MethodsThis study was carried out in a population of patients aged ≥ 30 years old with periodontitis who sought treatment at the University of Florida from 2014 to 2018. The following variables were obtained from patients’ records; usage of antidepressant medications and their pharmacological classes (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [SSRI], serotonin‐norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors [SNRI], tricyclic, atypical, and monoamine oxidase inhibitors [MAO]), age, gender, smoking habit, mild systemic diseases, CAL, and cement‐enamel junction (CEJ) and alveolar bone crest (BC) distance, defined as BL, in the Ramfjord index teeth.ResultsFive hundred and eighty‐two periodontitis patients were evaluated, of which 113 (19.4%) were antidepressant users. Antidepressant users exhibited significantly lower BL and fewer sites with severe CAL (≥5 mm), than non‐users (p < .05). Among all single‐class antidepressant users, the SSRI users showed significantly less CAL and lower BL than non‐users (p < .05). Patients taking combinations of the different classes of antidepressants also showed better CAL and BL than non‐users. Generalized linear models, including variables such as gender, age, systemic diseases, and smoking, demonstrated that antidepressant users were more likely to have lower mean BL and fewer sites with severe bone loss (i.e. BL > 3 and >5 mm) than non‐users (p < .05).ConclusionsAntidepressant medications were associated with higher alveolar bone level and less clinical attachment loss in patients with periodontitis. When the different classes of antidepressants were analyzed individually, only the SSRI class users and the multiple‐class users showed significantly less periodontal breakdown than non‐users.
Recent origination of circular RNAs in plants
Authors: Chu Qinjie , Ding Yuwen , Xu Xiaoxu , Ye Chu‐Yu , Zhu Qian‐Hao , Guo Longbiao , Fan Longjiang 
Published: October 2021

Summary

Circular RNA (circRNA) is a kind of new regulatory RNA with diverse biological functions. Numerous circRNAs have been identified in many plant species; however, evolution of plant circRNAs remains largely unknown.

In this study, we assembled full‐length sequences of 6519 rice (Oryza sativa) circRNAs and analyzed their conservation in another 46 plant species based on comparison of sequences and expression patterns.

We found that, at the genomic level, 8.7% of the 6519 circRNAs were conserved in dicotyledonous plants and 49.1% in Oryza genus. Meanwhile, 57.8% of parental protein‐coding genes of the rice circRNAs originated recently after divergence of monocotyledonous plants, implying recent origin of the majority of rice circRNAs, a conclusion further supported by the results based on analysis of 4663 full‐length circRNAs in Arabidopsis thaliana. Accordingly, we proposed three models to address the origination of different types of circRNAs.

Taken together, the results obtained in this study provide new insights for the evolutionary dynamics of plant circRNAs and candidate circRNAs for further functional exploration.
The mental health profiles of pediatric organ transplant recipients
Authors: Penner Erika K. , Walker Hope , Moon Erin , Slavec Janine , Hind Tatsuma , Blydt‐Hansen Tom D. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundSolid organ transplantation is the indicated treatment for children with end‐stage organ failure. Little is known about the impact of organ transplantation on pediatric transplant recipients’ mental health. Symptoms of medical procedure and generalized anxiety, post‐traumatic stress, and depression may emerge, despite the successful restoration of organ function.MethodsWe examined symptoms of anxiety, depression, trauma, and medical procedure anxiety—specifically, fear and avoidance of needles—in youth who had received a kidney, liver, or heart transplant. Parent‐report on child mental health symptoms was also collected.ResultsData were obtained for 56 youth. Most children did not endorse clinically significant symptoms of depression. In contrast, 20% of parents reported symptoms of depression in their child that exceeded clinical cutoffs. Parents also reported higher levels of anxiety in their children than did the children themselves. Indeed, on average, children reported lower levels of depression and anxiety than would be expected in a general population. On a trauma measure, 22.6% of youths’ scores were above clinical cutoffs, with girls scoring higher than boys. Finally, 10.9% of children stated that they attempted to avoid needles because of fear. Once again, girls reported higher needle fear scores than boys and younger patients reported experiencing higher levels of needle fear.ConclusionsAnxiety, depression, post‐traumatic stress, and needle fear are important psychological parameters that should be considered in the evaluation of pediatric patients with solid organ transplant, as part of their routine post‐transplant care.