bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of timing of orthodontic therapy on the outcomes of regenerative periodontal surgery in patients with stage IV periodontitis: A multicenter randomized trial
Authors: Jepsen Karin , Tietmann Christina , Kutschera Eric , Wüllenweber Peter , Jäger Andreas , Cardaropoli Daniele , Gaveglio Lorena , Sanz Sanchez Ignacio , Martin Conchita , Fimmers Rolf , Jepsen Søren 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimTo compare the outcomes after early (4 weeks post surgery) or late (6 months post surgery) orthodontic therapy (OT) following regenerative surgery of intra‐bony defects (IDs).Materials and methodsIn a multi‐center, parallel‐group, randomized clinical trial, 43 patients with stage IV periodontitis were randomized to receive either early (n = 23) or late OT (n = 20) following regenerative surgery of IDs. Primary outcome was change in clinical attachment level (CAL) in one target ID at 12 months after surgery. Secondary outcomes were changes of probing pocket depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BOP), and frequency of pocket closure.ResultsNo statistically significant differences between groups could be observed for CAL gain (5.4 mm [±2.1 mm] for early; 4.5 mm [±1.7 mm] for late OT). PPD was reduced by 4.2 mm (±1.9 mm) in the early group and by 3.9 mm (±1.5 mm) in the late group (p > .05). Pocket closure (PPD ≤ 4 mm) was obtained in 91% of defects in early compared to 85% in late OT.ConclusionIn the inter‐disciplinary treatment of periodontitis stage IV, OT can be initiated already 4 weeks after regenerative surgery of IDs with favourable results, thus reducing the overall treatment time.
CAPABLE program improves disability in multiple randomized trials
Authors: Szanton Sarah L. , Leff Bruce , Li Qiwei , Breysse Jill , Spoelstra Sandra , Kell Judith , Purvis James , Xue Qian‐Li , Wilson Jonathan , Gitlin Laura N. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundPrograms to reduce disability are crucial to the quality of life for older adults with disabilities. Reducing disability is also important to avert unnecessary and costly hospitalizations, relocation, or nursing home placements. Few programs reduce disability and few have been replicated and scaled beyond initial research settings. CAPABLE is one such program initially tested in a randomized control trial and has now been tested and replicated in multiple settings. CAPABLE, a 10‐session, home‐based interprofessional program, provides an occupational therapist, nurse, and handyworker to address older adults' self‐identified functional goals by enhancing individual capacity and home environmental supports. We examine evidence for the CAPABLE program from clinical trials embedded in different health systems on outcomes that matter most to older adults with disability.MethodsSix trials with peer‐reviewed publications or reports were identified and included in this review. Participants' outcomes included basic and instrumental activities of daily living (ADLs, IADLs), fall efficacy, depression, pain, and cost savings.ResultsA total of 1144 low‐income, community‐dwelling older adults with disabilities and 4236 matched comparators were included in the six trials. Participants were on average ≥74–79 years old, cognitively intact, and with self‐reported difficulty with ≥1 ADLs. All six studies demonstrated improvements in ADLs and IADLs, with small to strong effect sizes (0.41–1.47). Outcomes for other factors were mixed. Studies implementing the full‐tested dose of CAPABLE showed more improvement in ADLS and cost savings than studies implementing a decreased dose.ConclusionsThe CAPABLE program resulted in substantial improvements in ADLs and IADLs in all six trials with other outcomes varying across studies. A dose lower than the original protocol tested resulted in less benefit. The four studies examining cost showed that CAPABLE saved more than it costs to implement.
Psychological Safety as a Mediator of the Relationship Between Inclusive Leadership and Nurse Voice Behaviors and Error Reporting
Authors: Lee Seung Eun , Dahinten V. Susan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to examine psychological safety as a mediator of the relationship between inclusive leadership and nurses’ voice behaviors and error reporting. Voice behaviors were conceptualized as speaking up and withholding voice.DesignThis correlational study used a web‐based survey to obtain data from 526 nurses from the medical/surgical units of three tertiary general hospitals located in two cities in South Korea.MethodsWe used model 4 of Hayes’ PROCESS macro in SPSS to examine whether the effect of inclusive leadership on the three outcome variables was mediated by psychological safety.FindingsMediation analysis showed significant direct and indirect effects of nurse managers’ inclusive leadership on each of the three outcome variables through psychological safety after controlling for participant age and unit tenure. Our results also support the conceptualization of employee voice behavior as two distinct concepts: speaking up and withholding voice.ConclusionsWhen leader inclusiveness helps nurses to feel psychologically safe, they are less likely to feel silenced, and more likely to speak up freely to contribute ideas and disclose errors for the purpose of improving patient safety.Clinical RelevanceLeader inclusiveness would be especially beneficial in environments where offering suggestions, raising concerns, asking questions, reporting errors, or disagreeing with those in more senior positions is discouraged or considered culturally inappropriate.
Effect of ketoprofen and tolfenamic acid on intravenous pharmacokinetics of ceftriaxone in sheep
Authors: Cetin Gul , Durna Corum Duygu , Corum Orhan , Atik Orkun , Coskun Devran , Uney Kamil 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this study, the pharmacokinetics of ceftriaxone (40 mg/kg) was determined following a single intravenous (IV) administration of ceftriaxone alone and co‐administration with ketoprofen (3 mg/kg) or tolfenamic acid (2 mg/kg) in sheep. Eight healthy Akkaraman sheep (2.4 ± 0.3 years and 44 ± 4 kg of body weight) were used. The study was carried out according to the longitudinal design in three periods with a 15‐day washout period between administrations. In the first period, sheep received ceftriaxone alone via an IV injection. In the second and third periods, the same sheep received ceftriaxone in combination with ketoprofen and tolfenamic acid, respectively. Plasma concentrations of ceftriaxone were assayed by high‐performance liquid chromatography and analyzed using non‐compartmental analysis. Following the administration of ceftriaxone alone, the elimination half‐life (t1/2ʎz), area under the plasma concentration–time curve from zero (0) hours to infinity (∞) (AUC0‐∞), total clearance (ClT), and volume of distribution at steady state were 1.42 h, 182.41 h*µg/ml, 0.22 L/h/kg, and 0.17 L/kg, respectively. While ketoprofen and tolfenamic acid significantly increased the t1/2ʎz and AUC0‐∞ of ceftriaxone, they significantly reduced the ClT. Ceftriaxone (40 mg/kg, IV) in concurrent use with ketoprofen and tolfenamic acid can be administrated at the 12 h dosing intervals to maintain T> minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values above 60% in the treatment of infections caused by susceptible pathogens with the MIC value of ≤0.75 and ≤1 μg/mL, respectively, in sheep with an inflammatory condition.
Evaluating urban micrometeorites as a research resource—A large population collected from a single rooftop
Authors: Suttle M. D. , Hasse T. , Hecht L. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe report the recovery and characterization of a new urban micrometeorite collection derived from the rooftop of an industrial building in Germany. We identified 315 micrometeorites (diameter: 55–515 µm, size peak: ˜150 µm, size distribution slope exponent: −2.62). They are predominantly S‐type cosmic spherules (97.2%) but also two G‐type spherules (0.6%), an unmelted coarse‐grained single‐mineral micrometeorite, and eight scoriaceous particles (2.5%) or particles transitional between scoriaceous micrometeorites and porphyritic spherules. Their analysis details how the magnetite rim on partially melted micrometeorites is progressively diluted as the melt fraction increases during heating. At least 10 micrometeorites contain platinum group nuggets (PGNs). They have chondritic compositions but are depleted in volatile Pd. However, a single nugget preserves chondritic Pd concentrations. We suggest that an Fe‐Ni‐S bead originally containing the PGN escaped its host cavity and wet the particle exterior, creating an Fe‐rich melt that protected the nugget from evaporation. This melt layer oxidized forming magnetite—indicating that wetting events can affect the texture and composition of micrometeorites. Utilizing the well‐constrained surface area (8400 m2) and rooftop age (21 yr), we attempted the first global mass flux estimate based on urban micrometeorite data. This produced anomalously low values (13.4 t yr–1), even when correcting for losses due to sample processing (<89.7 t yr–1). Our value is approximately two orders of magnitude lower than previous estimates, indicating that >99% of particles are missing, having been lost via drainage and cleaning. Rooftop collection sites have limited potential for mass flux calculations unless problems of loss can be resolved. However, urban micrometeorite collections have other advantages, notably exceptionally well‐preserved particles with extremely young terrestrial ages and the ability to extract many micrometeorites from accessible sites. Urban micrometeorites should be considered complementary to Antarctic and deep‐sea collections with potential for citizen science and educational exploitation.
Expression pattern of perilipins in human brain during aging and in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Conte Maria , Medici Valentina , Malagoli Davide , Chiariello Antonio , Cirrincione Alice , Davin Annalisa , Chikhladze Maia , Vasuri Francesco , Legname Giuseppe , Ferrer Isidre , Vanni Silvia , Marcon Gabriella , Poloni Tino Emanuele , Guaita Antonio , Franceschi Claudio , Salvioli Stefano 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimsPerilipins are conserved proteins that decorate intracellular lipid droplets and are essential for lipid metabolism. To date, there is limited knowledge on their expression in human brain or their involvement in brain aging and neurodegeneration. The aim of this study was to characterise the expression levels of perilipins (Plin1–Plin5) in different cerebral areas from subjects of different age, with or without signs of neurodegeneration.MethodsWe performed real‐time RT‐PCR, western blotting, immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy analyses in autoptic brain samples of frontal and temporal cortex, cerebellum and hippocampus from subjects ranging from 33 to 104 years of age, with or without histological signs of neurodegeneration. To test the possible relationship between Plins and inflammation, correlation analysis with IL‐6 expression was also performed.ResultsPlin2, Plin3 and Plin5, but not Plin1 and Plin4, are expressed in the considered brain areas with different intensities. Plin2 appears to be expressed more in grey matter, particularly in neurons in all the areas analysed, whereas Plin3 and Plin5 appear to be expressed more in white matter. Plin3 seems to be expressed more in astrocytes. Only Plin2 expression is higher in old subjects and patients with early tauopathy or Alzheimer's disease and is associated with IL‐6 expression.ConclusionsPerilipins are expressed in human brain but only Plin2 appears to be modulated with age and neurodegeneration and linked to an inflammatory state. We propose that the accumulation of lipid droplets decorated with Plin2 occurs during brain aging and that this accumulation may be an early marker and initial step of inflammation and neurodegeneration.
Eating on the night shift: A need for evidence‐based dietary guidelines?
Authors: D’Annibale Maria , Hornzee Nicky , Whelan Megan , Guess Nicola , Hall Wendy , Gibson Rachel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIncreasing 24‐h demand for products, services and health care is resulting in a substantial portion of the workforce engaging in shift work. Observational studies suggest an association between shift work exposure and increased incidence of cardiometabolic disease. Shift workers report less healthy diets compared to day workers. As diet is a modifiable behaviour, it is important to understand how it might mediate the relationship between shift work and health. We reviewed online dietary advice for shift workers by searching for existing guidelines for shift workers published by websites of credible sources, for example institutions or government agencies. Based on the 26 guidelines retrieved, the most common categories of advice were eating patterns (n = 25), general healthy eating and/or specific food groups (n = 22), control of caffeine intake (n = 23) and maintaining hydration/fluid intake (n = 17). Although the majority of publicly available advice for shift workers follows general healthy eating guidelines, there are inconsistencies in the recommendations around the frequency of eating and snacking. Few studies have investigated modification of diet quality in shift workers. With the goal of adding to the evidence base, the Shift‐eat study is a feasibility trial designed to test whether dietary intakes in line with UK healthy eating recommendations during night work improve markers of health (interstitial glucose and heart rate variability) in free‐living shift‐working employees. Shift work is unavoidable and necessary for many industries. With an increasing section of the population employed in jobs requiring shift work, consistent dietary guidance based on evidence from shift‐working populations is urgently needed to support maintenance of health and wellbeing in employees working outside standard daytime hours.
Physical functioning in patients with chronic kidney disease stage G3b‐5 in Japan: The reach‐J CKD cohort study
Authors: Okubo Reiko , Kondo Masahide , Tsunoda Ryoya , Nagai Kei , Kai Hirayasu , Saito Chie , Hoshino Junichi , Okada Hirokazu , Narita Ichiei , Wada Takashi , Kashihara Naoki , Robinson Bruce , Yamagata Kunihiro 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimChronic kidney disease (CKD) is an important public health problem. Recently, CKD has been found to be associated with poor physical functioning in community‐dwelling elderly individuals. However, the physical functioning of non‐dialysis (ND) patients with advanced CKD treated by nephrologists is unknown.MethodsPatients with ND‐CKD stage G3b‐5 who participated in a nationwide Reach‐J CKD cohort study were included in this study. Physical functioning and physical activity were assessed by the Katz Index, Lawton‐Body instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) scale, and Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity questionnaire of the international CKD Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (CKDopps) questionnaires. Dichotomies between good and poor physical functioning and physical activity scores were explored.ResultsAmong 1628 patients, 84.3% had good physical functioning. Poor physical functioning was more common with older age (p < .001), higher CKD stage (p < .05), and comorbid conditions such as diabetes (p < .001), cardiovascular disease (p < .05), cerebrovascular disease (p < .001), and cancer (non‐skin) (p < .05). Forty percent of the patients were inactive. Physical inactivity was more common with older age (p < .001) and higher CKD stage (p < .001).ConclusionA minority, but sizeable proportion of patients with advanced CKD treated by nephrologists in Japan have some disability in ADLs/IADLs. Nephrologists need to routinely assess the physical functioning and physical activity of patients with advanced CKD to provide individualized guidance and comprehensive support to these patients for their daily life.
Optimal control of harvest timing in discrete population models
Authors: Grey Skylar , Lenhart Suzanne , Hilker Frank M. , Franco Daniel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHarvest plays an important role in management decisions, from fisheries to pest control. Discrete‐time models enable us to explore the importance of timing of management decisions, including the order of events of particular actions. We derive novel mechanistic models featuring explicit within‐season harvest timing and level. We explore optimization of within‐season harvest level and timing through optimal control of these population models. With a fixed harvest level, harvest timing is taken as the control. Then both harvest timing and level are used as controls. We maximize an objective functional which includes management goals of maximizing yield, maximizing stock, and minimizing costs associated with both harvest intensity and harvest timing. While standard models with compensatory population dynamics predict it is best to harvest as early as possible in the season, we find instances where harvesting later in the season is optimal. Furthermore, we discover interesting oscillations in the population size, which would be unexpected in the model without time‐varying controls.Recommendations for Resource Managers:

This paper presents a novel model with variable harvest timing, which can be used as a tool to manage populations.
While the usual population models identify harvesting at the beginning of the season as the best timing to maximize yield and/or population size, accounting for harvest costs related to timing can give rise to optimal harvest time at some intermediate point in the season.
Controlling the level and the timing of harvest separately when maximizing the yield while minimizing the costs of management can lead to oscillation patterns in the population. Such oscillations would not be seen in these models without these time‐varying controls.
The level of harvest intensity in a population can affect the optimal time to implement the harvest.
High density intramural mapping of post‐infarct premature ventricular contractions and ventricular tachycardia
Authors: Downar Eugene , Janse Michiel J. , Bhaskaran Abhishek , Niri Ahmed , Velluppillai Arulalan , Massé Stéphane , Nanthakumar Kumaraswamy 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundSpontaneous ventricular premature contractions (PVCs) and ventricular tachycardia (VT) in the acute post infarct milieu is assumed to be due to automaticity. However, the mechanism has not been studied with intramural mapping.ObjectiveTo study the mechanism of spontaneous PVCs with high density intramural mapping in a canine model, and to test the hypothesis that post‐infarct PVCs and VT are due to re‐entry rather than automaticity.MethodsIn 15 anesthetized dogs, using 768 intramural unipolar electrograms, simultaneous recordings were made. After 20 min of stabilization, recordings were made during the first 10 min of ischemia, and activation maps of individual beats were constructed. Acute ischemia was produced by clamping the left anterior descending coronary artery proximal to the first diagonal branch.ResultsIn all experiments ST‐T alternans was present. Spontaneous ventricular beats occurred in five of 15 dogs where the earliest ectopic activity was manifested in the endocardium, well within the ischemic zone. From there, activity spread rapidly along the subendocardium, with endo‐to epicardial spread along the non‐ischemic myocardium. Epicardial breakthrough always occurred at the border of the ischemic myocardium. In three dogs, delayed potentials were observed, which were earliest at the ischemic epicardium and extended transmurally with increasing delay towards the endocardium, where they culminated in a premature beat. A similar sequence was observed in VT that followed.ConclusionGraded responses that occur with each sinus beat intramurally, when able to propagate from epicardium to endocardium are the mechanism of PVCs and VT in post‐infarct myocardium.
Impact of surgical weight loss on novel P‐wave‐related variables which are nominated as predictors of atrial arrhythmias
Authors: Ibisoglu Ersin , Boyraz Bedrettin , Güneş Saime Turgut , Savur Ümeyir , Naki Tekin Deniz Dilan , Erdoğan Aslan , Özdenkaya Yaşar , Erdoğan Emrah , Çeğilli Ercan , Olgun Fatih Erkam , Güneş Hacı Murat 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundBariatric surgery has been associated with reduced cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in obese patients. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the alterations of novel P‐wave related atrial arrhythmia predictors in patients who achieved effective weight loss with bariatric surgery.MethodsThe study included 58 patients who underwent bariatric surgery. We measured heart rate, PR, P wave (PW) max, PW min, Average P axis, P wave peak time (PWPT) in lead D2 and lead V1, terminal force in lead V1 (V1TF), and we estimated P wave dispersion (PWdis) interval both pre‐operation and 6 months after operation.ResultsHeart rate, PR, PW max, PW min, PWdis, Average P axis, PWPTD2, PWPTV1 and V1TF values, which were close to the upper limit in the pre‐op period, showed statistically significant decreases at 6 months after the operation. The most prominent changes were observed in PW dis (51.15 ± 9.70 ms vs. 48.79 ± 9.50 ms, p = .010), PWPTD2 (55.75 ± 6.91 ms vs. 50.59 ± 7.67 ms, p < .001), PWPTV1 (54.10 ± 7.06 ms vs. 48.05 ± 7.64 ms, p < .001) and V1TF (25 [43.1%] vs. 12 [20.7%], p < .001).ConclusionsThe results of our study indicated that bariatric surgery has positive effects on the regression of ECG parameters which are predictors of atrial arrhythmias, particularly atrial fibrillation (AF).
Internationalisation of education and its effect on economic growth and development
Authors: Chowdhury Mamta B 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study examines the effect of education export on economic growth and development, using Australia as a case study since it is one of the top destinations for international students. International education has played a vital role in Australia's economy over the last three decades, becoming the third‐largest export of Australia after iron ore and coal and earning AU$40.3 billion in 2019. The sector supports about 250,000 jobs and provides an important source of skilled migrants for Australia. This study employs the cointegration and error correction model and quarterly data from 1974 to 2019 to analyse the effect of internationalisation of education on the Australian economy. The results suggest a long‐run positive relationship and a short‐run dynamic effect of international education on the economic growth and employment of Australia. The findings of this study have far‐reaching implications for other education‐exporting countries. Policy recommendations suggest taking proactive, flexible and innovative approaches to attract international students, and diversifying the market can support growth of the sector and enhance the economy‐wide spillover effects. The study further proposes sound and timely policies to promote the internationalisation of education to augment not only economic growth but also long‐run development for both education‐exporting and education‐receiving countries.