bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of separation effect for CH4 enrichment from coalbed methane (CBM) under the synergistic action of temperature and pressure based on IAST theory
Authors: Zheng Yuannan , Li Qingzhao , Zhang Guiyun , Zhao Yang , Liu Xinxin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe synergistic pressure and temperature swing adsorption (SPTSA) technology is designed for purifying coalbed methane (CBM) are proposed in this work. Cyclic processes including four steps: cooling, pressurization, heating, and depressurization. Ideal adsorption solution theory (IAST) was used to evaluate the separation effect. Super activated carbons (SACs) with specific surface area exceeds 3000 m2 g−1 were prepared and used as adsorbents. From 273 to 373 K, the adsorption selectivity (S) changes more than 4, while the S changes less than 2 with the pressure changes from 0.1 to 9 MPa, indicating that temperature change is more conducive to improve the CH4 purity compared to the pressure change. However, more CH4 purification capacity can be obtained by pressure change. In cyclic SPTSA process, the CH4 purification capacity is generally increased by more than 30% compared with the pressure swing adsorption technology, which indicated that CH4 separation and purification under the synergistic action of temperature and pressure is theoretically feasible and has a broad prospect in the CBM purification. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Loneliness and mental health outcomes among South Asian older adult immigrants in the United States: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Ali Shahmir H. , Islam Tanzeela , Pillai Shaaranya , Kalasapudi Lakshman , Mammen Shinu , Inala Sanjana , Kalasapudi Vasundhara , Islam Nadia S. , Gunness Harlem 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is growing concern of mental health issues among South Asian immigrant populations, although limited disaggregated data on determinants of these issues exists. The aim of this study was to examine factors associated with mental health outcomes among South Asian older adult immigrants living in New York City (NYC).MethodsData were sourced from a needs assessment among self‐identified South Asians aged 60+ conducted by an NYC‐based frontline agency and nonprofit organization. Variables assessed included the 9‐item Patient Health Questionnaire, degree of difficulty experienced due to depression, loneliness, emotional distress, as well as sociodemographic, living situation, acculturation, general health, and financial related indicators.ResultsAmong the 682 responses, 9.4% of participants displayed symptoms of mild or moderate depression (16% of Caribbean‐origin, 10% of Pakistani, 9% of Bangladeshi, and 8% of Indian participants). About a third of participants (29.9%) reported feeling lonely sometimes and 39.1% experienced any type of emotional distress. When compared to those with excellent or very good self‐rated health, having fair, poor, or terrible self‐rated health was associated with a greater adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of having mild or moderate depression (AOR: 8.42, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 22.09) and experiencing emotional distress (AOR: 3.03, 95% CI: 1.88–4.94). Those experiencing emotional distress were more likely to be younger (AOR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.95–1.00) and live alone (AOR: 2.06, 95% CI: 1.21–3.53).DiscussionFindings support the need for tailored mental health interventions targeting concerns, such as poor self‐rated health, among South Asian older adult immigrants, as well as specific subpopulations such as Indo‐Caribbeans who may be experiencing a disproportionate burden.
The interaction of child abuse and rs1360780 of the FKBP5 gene is associated with amygdala resting‐state functional connectivity in young adults
Authors: Wesarg Christiane , Veer Ilya M. , Oei Nicole Y. L. , Daedelow Laura S. , Lett Tristram A. , Banaschewski Tobias , Barker Gareth J. , Bokde Arun L.W. , Quinlan Erin Burke , Desrivières Sylvane , Flor Herta , Grigis Antoine , Garavan Hugh , Brühl Rüdiger , Martinot Jean‐Luc , Artiges Eric , Nees Frauke , Orfanos Dimitri Papadopoulos , Poustka Luise , Hohmann Sarah , Fröhner Juliane H. , Smolka Michael N. , Whelan Robert , Schumann Gunter , Heinz Andreas , Walter Henrik ,   IMAGEN Consortium
Published: April 2021

AbstractExtensive research has demonstrated that rs1360780, a common single nucleotide polymorphism within the FKBP5 gene, interacts with early‐life stress in predicting psychopathology. Previous results suggest that carriers of the TT genotype of rs1360780 who were exposed to child abuse show differences in structure and functional activation of emotion‐processing brain areas belonging to the salience network. Extending these findings on intermediate phenotypes of psychopathology, we examined if the interaction between rs1360780 and child abuse predicts resting‐state functional connectivity (rsFC) between the amygdala and other areas of the salience network. We analyzed data of young European adults from the general population (N = 774; mean age = 18.76 years) who took part in the IMAGEN study. In the absence of main effects of genotype and abuse, a significant interaction effect was observed for rsFC between the right centromedial amygdala and right posterior insula (p < .025, FWE‐corrected), which was driven by stronger rsFC in TT allele carriers with a history of abuse. Our results suggest that the TT genotype of rs1360780 may render individuals with a history of abuse more vulnerable to functional changes in communication between brain areas processing emotions and bodily sensations, which could underlie or increase the risk for psychopathology.
Thoracodorsal artery perforator free flap with vascularized thoracodorsal nerve for head and neck reconstruction following radical parotidectomy with facial nerve sacrifice: Step‐by‐step surgical technique video
Authors: Guyonvarch Pierre , Benmoussa Nadia , Moya‐Plana Antoine , Leymarie Nicolas , Mangialardi Maria Lucia , Honart Jean‐François , Kolb Frederic 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOncological surgery of the parotid region sometimes requires the sacrifice of the facial nerve (parotid cancers, extensive skin cancers of the face, soft tissue sarcomas). The sacrificed portion of nerve can be reconstructed by a vascularized nerve graft, especially if the patient must undergo radiotherapy after surgery. In those cases, the facial nerve sacrifice is associated to an important loss of substance from the parotid region (skin, masseter, parotid, and sometimes jaw). Chimeric flap permit the reconstruction at the same time of the external skin, soft tissues for the volume (fat or muscle), nerve, and bone (ramus and angular part of the mandible). An other option was to raise two flaps but it increased the risk of failure (time of surgery, number of anastomosis, etc.). Reconstruction with a chimeric flap appears to be an ideal choice. Based on these observations, we offer our patients at the Gustave Roussy Institute (Villejuif, France) a thoracodorsal artery perforator (TDAP) free flap including the motor nerve of the latissimus dorsi and vascularized by the thoraco‐dorsal pedicle, thus allowing reconstruction in a single surgery. The surgical technique is explained with a step‐by‐step video. Functional outcomes are also shown in the video. The TDAP or chimeric scapulo‐dorsal flap with vascularized nerve has many advantages in the facial reanimation of patients suffering from parotid region cancers. This video article explains surgical steps for other teams.
Head and neck cancer research collaborations between the United States and low‐ and middle‐income countries: 10‐year publication analysis
Authors: Wibonele Benjamin K. , Smith Blaine D. , Altonji Samuel , Kaplan Samantha , Cho Junghae , Lee Walter T. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundDisparities exist for head and neck cancer (HNC) patients between those in developed countries and low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). To improve HNC care globally, collaborations between the United States and LMICs have been established. Our objectives are: (1) define trends of collaborative HNC publications among LMICs and the United States and (2) assess the global distribution of these publications by region.MethodsA Scopus search identified all HNC research publications during 2009 to 2018. These were then categorized by type (basic vs. clinical) and by global regions.ResultsFive thousand one hundred and seventy collaborative publications were identified, of which 41% were basic science and 59% clinical. The highest rate of collaborative publications for both basic science and clinical papers was seen in the East Asia/Pacific region.ConclusionsThe number of collaborative research publications per year in HNC is increasing across the globe, at varying rates in different global regions.
Healthcare workers during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Experiences of doctors and nurses in Bangladesh
Authors: Hussain Mehdi , Begum Tahmina , Batul Syeda A. , Tui Nastaran N. , Islam Md. N. , Hussain Bashir 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHealthcare workers, who are in low‐resource settings, are critically vulnerable during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The increasing rate of coronavirus infection in a developing country such as Bangladesh caused the highest death rate of doctors among frontline service providers and resulted in fear and anxiety among healthcare workers. Even with the preliminary measures of hospitals and clinics to protect healthcare workers, the growing casualties are alarming. This research uses case study approach to explore the issues doctors and nurses face in ‘priority intervention areas’ (PIA) in order to improve the health system quality. Qualitative in‐depth semi‐structured interviews were conducted from 12 May to 4 June 2020 among doctors and nurses from two different private hospitals in Dhaka city. Data were analysed using thematic content analysis. The two significant areas that required immediate attention were identified from the PIA framework as ‘patient and staff safety, infection control’ and ‘cultural aspects and community engagement’. Each area of the PIA framework showed previously ignored issues in the current health system. The adaptation of the PIA framework helped identify critical health system issues. Possible corrective actions including proper planning and management of isolating the infected patients and provision of adequate personal protective equipment are recommended to management and policymakers to save the lives of healthcare workers and to minimise the spread of infection.
Effects of non‐pharmaceutical interventions against COVID‐19: A cross‐country analysis
Authors: Gokmen Yunus , Baskici Cigdem , Ercil Yavuz 
Published: April 2021

AbstractProlonging non‐pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) used in the control of pandemics can cause a devastating effect on the overall economic and social welfare levels. Therefore, policymakers are facing a difficult duty in terms of implementing economically and socially sustainable and acceptable measures. The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of NPIs implemented to control the COVID‐19 pandemic. To this end, eight NPI measures were analysed, and their effects on the number of cases were investigated for France, Spain, China, and South Korea. In the study, the treatment effect of these mechanisms on the daily increase rate of the total number of cases during a certain period was analysed by using logarithmic linear regression with a dummy variables model. The findings indicate that the measures are effective against the spread of the pandemic at different levels. The findings also suggest that the most effective measure in decreasing the number of cases is workplace closure. An analysis comparing the effectiveness of countrywide measures and regional measures shows that school closing is the most effective measure to decrease the number of cases when implemented countrywide as opposed to regional implementation.
Knowledge, attitude, and practice of stroke and thrombolysis among students preparing for undergraduate medical entrance examination in Kathmandu, Nepal
Authors: Pradhan Ravi Ranjan , Jha Ashish , Bhandari Siddhartha , Ojha Sujan , Karn Ragesh 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundStroke is a major disabling disease, especially for low and middle‐income countries like Nepal. The aim of our study is to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) among the students preparing for undergraduate medical entrance examination regarding risk factors, warning signs and symptoms, and management of stroke.MethodsA cross‐sectional, single staged study using self‐structured questionnaire intended to assess KAP about stroke and thrombolysis was conducted.ResultsA total of 378 students participated in our study (53% male; mean age = 18.12 ± 0.97). Majority of the participants (88.4%) had heard about stroke. The more common risk factors identified by them were hypertension (86.2%), oily food (48%), alcohol (37.8%), and smoking (32.8%). Limb weakness, slurring of speech and facial weakness as symptoms and signs of stroke were indicated by 43.4%, 30.2%, and 18.8% of the participants, respectively. Only 23.8% of the participants had heard about thrombolysis and 10% of all could rightly mention the window period of thrombolysis. Male participants had better knowledge about smoking [86 (43.0) vs 38 (21.3);P < .001] and oily food [108 (54.0) vs 73 (41.0);P= .012] being risk factors and facial weakness [50 (37.6) vs 21 (11.8);P= .001] being symptom of stroke compared with females. Similarly, male participants had heard more about thrombolysis than females [68 (34.0) vs 22 (12.4);P < .001].ConclusionKnowledge regarding risk factors and signs and symptoms of stroke was adequate among the students preparing for undergraduate medical entrance examination. However, knowledge about thrombolysis was poor. Male participants had better knowledge about risk factors, warning signs and symptoms of stroke, and thrombolysis compared with female.
Experimental and economic analysis of energy storage‐based single‐slope solar still with hollow‐finned absorber basin
Authors: Suraparaju Subbarama Kousik , Sampathkumar Arivazhagan , Natarajan Sendhil Kumar 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe paucity of drinking water is an alarming glitch across the globe. The conversion of available seawater into drinking water by utilizing renewable energy is the best way to surmount this challenge. Desalination through solar still is one of the notable, monetary, and viable processes among various desalination approaches. The current research aims to augment the potable water yield of single‐slope solar still by using a hollow‐finned absorber basin inserted into paraffin wax—phase change material (PCM). The effect of hollow‐finned absorber basin on the yield of solar still is investigated separately, with and without PCM, and compared with the results of conventional solar still (CSS). In the first set of experiments, the CSS and solar still with a hollow‐finned absorber basin without PCM (SSHF) are investigated. In the second set of experiments, the CSS and solar still with a hollow‐finned absorber basin inserted into PCM (SSHFP) are investigated. The experimental results reported that the CSS is having almost the same yield on the 2 days of testing. The yield of SSHF and SSHFP is increased by 15.7% and 52.4%, respectively, when compared with CSS. The results of the economic analysis proved that the payback period and cost per liter of freshwater produced from SSHFP are comparatively better than SSHF and CSS.
Novice researchers' perspectives on affordances in ICT4D research collaboration
Authors: Mwapwele Samwel Dick , van Biljon Judy 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCollaboration is fundamental to progress in the field of information and communication technologies for development (ICT4D) research where interdisciplinary teams are involved in the requirements elicitation, design, implementation and evaluation of context‐sensitive digital solutions. Research collaboration harbors the potential for knowledge exchange, improving research impact and human development; it is often a requirement in grant applications for funding. Despite the known benefits and incentives, there is evidence that research collaborations between African countries are lacking compared to those with and between other geographic regions. Furthermore, research collaboration has been studied as a variable but theorisation of the concept is lacking. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to theorize research collaboration as an object with affordances based on the perspective of novice researchers (master's, doctoral and postdoctoral students) in South Africa. The data capturing from a survey and focus groups with ICT4D novice researchers from different universities in South Africa produced 39 responses to be captured, transcribed and analyzed with Atlas.ti 8 using thematic analysis. The main contribution is the theorisation of research collaboration as an object with properties and then an investigation of the affordances offered to novice researchers together with the facilitating conditions and conversion factors influencing the actualisation of those affordances. The practical contribution is the insight gained into the perspectives of novice researchers as representatives of the future generation of research collaborators.
Inhibitory effects of orthosilicic acid on osteoclastogenesis in RANKL‐stimulated RAW264.7 cells
Authors: Magnusson Catarina , Uribe Pamela , Jugdaohsingh Ravin , Powell Jonathan J. , Johansson Anders , Ransjö Maria 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNumerous studies have reported on the positive effects of silicon (Si) on bone metabolism, particularly on the stimulatory effects of Si on osteoblast cells and on bone formation. Inhibitory effects of Si on osteoclast formation and bone resorption have also been demonstrated in vitro and are suggested to be mediated indirectly via stromal and osteoblast cells. Direct effects of Si on osteoclasts have been less studied and mostly using soluble Si, but no characterisation of the Si treatment solutions are provided. The aims of the present study were to (a) further investigate the direct inhibitory effects of Si on osteoclastogenesis in RANKL‐stimulated RAW264.7 cells, (b) determine at what stage during osteoclastogenesis Si acts upon, and (c) determine if these effects can be attributed to the biologically relevant soluble orthosilicic acid specie. Our results demonstrate that silicon, at 50 μg/ml (or 1.8 mM), does not affect cell viability but directly inhibits the formation of TRAP+ multinucleated cells and the expression of osteoclast phenotypic genes in RAW264.7 cells. The inhibitory effect of Si was clearly associated with the early stages (first 24 hr) of osteoclastogenesis. Moreover, these effects can be attributed to the soluble orthosilicic acid specie.
Targeting sterol alpha‐14 demethylase of Leishmania donovani to fight against leishmaniasis
Authors: Tabrez Shams , Rahman Fazlur , Ali Rahat , Akand Sajjadul Kadir , Alaidarous Mohammed A. , Alshehri Bader Mohammed , Banawas Saeed , Dukhyil Abdul Aziz Bin , Rub Abdur 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLeishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by the protozoan parasite Leishmania. It is endemic in more than 89 different countries worldwide. Sterol alpha‐14 demethylase (LdSDM), a sterol biosynthetic pathway enzyme in Leishmania donovani, plays an essential role in parasite survival and proliferation. Here, we used a drug repurposing approach to virtually screen the library of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)‐approved drugs against LdSDM to identify the potential lead‐drug against leishmaniasis. Zafirlukast and avodart showed the best binding with LdSDM. Zafirlukast was tested for in vitro antileishmanial assay, but no significant effect on L. donovani promastigotes was observed even at higher concentrations. On the other hand, avodart profoundly inhibited parasite growth at relatively lower concentrations. Further, avodart showed a significant decrease in the number of intra‐macrophagic amastigotes. Avodart‐induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the parasites in a dose‐dependent manner. ROS induced by avodart led to the induction of apoptosis‐like cell death in the parasites as observed through annexin V/PI staining. Here, for the first time, we reported the antileishmanial activity and its possible mechanism of action of FDA‐approved drug, avodart, establishing a nice example of the drug‐repurposing approach. Our study suggested the possible use of avodart as an effective antileishmanial agent after further detailed validations.
Advancing from outsider to insider: A grounded theory of professional identity negotiation in undergraduate engineering
Authors: McCall Cassandra , McNair Lisa D. , Simmons Denise R. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundEngineers' identification with their profession is crucial for persistence among engineering students and career professionals. Significant research has been conducted on various dimensions of identity in the engineering field. However, little is known about the ways students negotiate these dimensions as they construct professional identities within a single engineering discipline such as civil engineering.Purpose/HypothesisThe purpose of this study is twofold in that we not only seek to enhance our understanding of professional identity formation but also to develop a theory that will allow future research to examine professional formation negotiations and processes through a single, interconnected lens.Design/MethodIn this grounded theory study, semistructured interviews with 31 undergraduate students were conducted and analyzed using constant comparative techniques. Frameworks situated within identity theory served as sensitizing concepts and undergraduate civil engineering education served as context to initiate theory development.ResultsThe result of this study is the Negotiating Equilibrium: Advancing from Outsider to Insider model (the AOI model). This grounded theory model captures the dynamic process through which individuals iteratively integrate definitions of self and profession to develop professional identities during their undergraduate careers.ConclusionsThis grounded theory model provides a new framework to capture the complex negotiation process of professional identity formation in undergraduate engineering students. Overall, this work contributes to ongoing conversations that promote the diversity of experiences and backgrounds of students to paint a more holistic and diverse picture of engineering students and of the engineering field.