bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gravitational waves from Population III binary black holes are consistent with LIGO/Virgo O3a data for the chirp mass larger than ∼20 M⊙
Authors: Kinugawa Tomoya , Nakamura Takashi , Nakano Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
The probability number distribution function of binary black hole mergers observed by LIGO/Virgo O3a has double peaks as a function of chirp mass Mchirp, total mass Mtotal, primary black hole mass M1, and secondary one M2, respectively. The larger chirp mass peak is at Mchirp≅ 30 M⊙. The distribution of M2 versus M1 follows the relation of M2≅ 0.7M1. For initial mass functions of Population III stars in the form of f(M) ∝ M−α, population synthesis numerical simulations with 0 ≤ α ≤ 1.5 are consistent with O3a data for Mchirp ≳ 20 M⊙. The distribution of M2 versus M1 for simulation data also agrees with M2 ≅ 0.7M1 relation of O3a data.
Metal-organic frameworks enable broad strategies for lithium-sulfur batteries
Authors: Zhou Cheng , Li Zhaohuai , Xu Xu , Mai Liqiang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery is considered to be a potential next-generation power battery system, however, it is urgent that suitable materials are found in order to solve a series of challenges, such as the shuttle effect and lithium dendrite growth. As a multifunctional porous material, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) can be used in different parts of Li-S batteries. In recent years, the application of MOFs in Li-S batteries has been developed rapidly. This review summarizes the milestone works and recent advances of MOFs in various aspects of Li-S batteries, including cathode, separator and electrolyte. The factors affecting the performance of MOFs and the working mechanisms of MOFs in these different parts are also discussed in detail. Finally, the opportunities and challenges for the application of MOFs in Li-S batteries are proposed. We also put forward feasible solutions to related problems. This review will provide better guidance for the rational design of novel MOF-based materials for Li-S batteries.
Heated Tobacco Product Awareness, Use, and Perceptions in a Sample of Young Adults in the United States
Authors: Berg Carla J , Romm Katelyn F , Patterson Brooke , Wysota Christina N 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Introduction
The emergence of heated tobacco products (HTPs) in the US marks a critical time for identifying those most likely to use, particularly among young adults.

Aims and Methods
We analyzed Fall 2019 data from a longitudinal study of young adults (ages 18–34; n = 2375, Mage=24.66±4.68) in 6 US cities, 24.1% of whom used cigarettes and 32.7% e-cigarettes. We assessed HTP awareness, use, and sources, as well as perceived risk, social acceptability, and the likelihood of future use.

Results
In this sample, 9.7% (n = 230) heard of HTPs, 3.5% (n = 84) ever used them, and 2.4% (n = 56) reported past-year purchases (tobacco shops, 66.1%; traditional retailers, 60.7%; online, 39.3%; IQOS specialty stores, 35.7%). In multivariable analyses, having heard of HTPs correlated with being an older, male, and current cigarette and e-cigarette users; among those ever hearing of them, using HTPs correlated with being non-Hispanic and current cigarette and e-cigarette users. Greater likelihood of future use correlated with being older, male, sexual minority, non-Hispanic, and current cigarette and e-cigarette users. Among past-month users (n = 78), the average number of days used was 5.48 (SD = 5.54). Past-month cigarette and e-cigarette users, respectively, who tried HTPs were more likely to report consistent or more frequent use of their respective products than a year ago (p &lt; .001). HTPs were perceived as less addictive than cigarettes, smokeless tobacco, and e-cigarettes, and less harmful and more socially acceptable than other tobacco products except for e-cigarettes and hookah.

Conclusions
The relatively positive perceptions of HTPs and access via various channels underscores the potential penetration of HTPs among US young adults.

Implications
In Fall 2019, as IQOS was launching in the US, there were relatively low rates of awareness, use, and use intentions in this sample of young adults with high proportions of other tobacco use. However, this sample reported relatively positive perceptions of HTPs with regard to potential addiction and harm, as well as social acceptability. They also reported accessing HTPs via various channels, underscoring how pervasive the availability to HTPs already has become and may increasingly become. Moreover, certain subgroups (ie, other tobacco users, men) are particularly likely to use HTPs.
“Act[ing] Riotously”: Theatre and Performance in Early Nineteenth-Century Jamaica
Authors: Valladares Susan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Theatrical culture in early nineteenth-century Jamaica attests to tense relationships between tradition and innovation, acceptance and resistance. The early nineteenth century has not, however, received much in-depth treatment by historians of the Jamaican stage, who have tended to focus, instead, on the establishment of formal theatre in the eighteenth century or its revival in the post-emancipation years. In its attempts to recover the bustling auditoria that distinguished Jamaica’s most popular playhouses in the 1810s, this essay details who attended the theatre, and what kind of rules regulated their behaviour. It examines how theatregoing practices reflected the inequalities that characterized Jamaican society; assesses efforts to enforce segregation within the island’s playhouses; and investigates the entertainments that existed beyond them, especially those associated with the members of society least represented or altogether excluded from the island’s theatre auditoria—Jamaica’s free black and the majority of enslaved men and women.
Effectiveness and tolerability of oral vs subcutaneous methotrexate in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Heuvelmans Janne , den Broeder Nathan , van den Elsen Geke A H , den Broeder Alfons A , van den Bemt Bart J F 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness and tolerability between oral MTX and s.c. MTX in a large group of RA patients in a real-life setting.

Methods
In this retrospective cohort study, adult patients with clinical diagnosis of RA who started MTX treatment (monotherapy or combined with HCQ) started with either oral or s.c. MTX. The primary outcome was superiority testing of between group difference in change in DAS28CRP between baseline and 3–6 months, and subsequent non-inferiority (non-inferiority margin 0.6) testing analyses in case of non-superiority. Secondary outcomes included MTX dose, side effects, laboratory abnormalities and use of comedication.

Results
Six hundred and forty RA patients were included: 259 started with oral MTX and 381 with s.c. MTX. There was no significant difference in ΔDAS28CRP [after adjusting for confounding, 0.13 (95% CI: –0.14, 0.40)], and oral MTX strategy was non-inferior to s.c. The mean MTX dose was slightly lower for the oral strategy [18.0 (6.9) vs 19.9 (8.2), P = 0.002], which was accompanied by a lower cumulative incidence of adverse events (41% vs 52%, P = 0.005). No differences were seen in use of other comedication.

Conclusion
Starting with oral MTX in RA in a real-life setting is non-inferior to a s.c. MTX treatment with regard to disease activity control, at least when used in dosages up to 25 mg and on a background of HCQ co-treatment and a treat-to-target approach. In addition, tolerability was better. This supports the strategy of starting with oral MTX.
Apremilast inhibits inflammatory osteoclastogenesis
Authors: Degboé Yannick , Sunzini Flavia , Sood Shatakshi , Bozec Aline , Sokolova Maria V , Zekovic Ana , McInnes Iain B , Schett Georg , Goodyear Carl S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is associated with bone erosion and inflammation-induced bone loss, which are mediated by osteoclasts (OC) and modulated by inflammatory cytokines. Apremilast (APR) (a selective phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor) is efficacious in PsA and acts by inhibiting cytokine production. However, there are no direct data informing whether and how APR affects osteoclast formation in humans.

Methods
Osteoclastogenic cytokine production by activated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was measured in the presence and absence of APR. Effects of APR on osteoclast differentiation were tested (i) in co-cultures of activated PBMCs and human CD14+ blood monocytes as well as (ii) in CD14+ blood monocytes stimulated with activated-PBMCs supernatant, TNF or IL-17A. Bone resorption was measured on OsteoAssay plates. Effects of APR on ex vivo osteoclast differentiation were compared in PsA, pre-PsA and psoriasis patients, as well as in healthy controls.

Results
APR significantly impaired the expression of key osteoclastogenic cytokines in activated PBMCs. Furthermore, APR dose-dependently and significantly inhibited activated PBMC-driven osteoclast differentiation and ex vivo osteoclast differentiation of PBMCs derived from PsA and pre-PsA patients, but not from psoriasis patients or healthy controls. TNF and IL-17A-enhanced osteoclastogenesis and osteolytic activity of CD14+ blood monocytes from PsA patients was also significantly inhibited by APR. Finally, APR inhibited expression of the key osteoclast fusion protein dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein.

Conclusion
Phosphodiesterase 4 targeting by APR not only inhibits osteoclastogenic cytokine production, but also directly suppresses inflammation-driven osteoclastogenesis. These data provide initial evidence that APR has the potential to provide a direct bone protective effect in PsA.
Potentiators of Disease During Barley Infection byPyrenophora teresf.teresin a Susceptible Interaction
Authors: Moolhuijzen Paula , Lawrence Julie A. , Ellwood Simon R. 
Published: March 2021

Pyrenophora teres f. teres is a necrotrophic fungal pathogen and causal agent of net form net blotch (NFNB), a significant disease of barley. RNA-seq data encompassing asymptomatic and subsequent necrotrophic phases of the pathogen was obtained for P. teres f. teres isolate W1-1 in NFNB-sensitive cultivar Baudin. Host genes notably regulated during infection included concerted induction of over half the repertoire of disease resistance genes, together with genes involved in oxidation-reduction processes, characteristic of a hypersensitive response. Several systemic acquired resistance response genes were suppressed and there was a complete absence of defense-related thionin gene expression. In P. teres f. teres, genes involved in hydrolase activities and cell-wall catabolic processes were induced during infection, while nitrate assimilation and response to oxidative stress processes were suppressed. Timecourse data allowed a number of predicted P. teres f. teres effector genes with differing expression profiles to be identified that may underlie barley sensitivity to NFNB. Candidate genes involved in the host-pathogen interaction provide a basis for functional characterization and control strategies based on fungicide or mutation targets, which will facilitate further research aimed at controlling NFNB disease.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license .
Long-term Exposure to PM2.5 and Mortality for the Older Population: Effect Modification by Residential Greenness
Authors: Son Ji-Young , Sabath M. Benjamin , Lane Kevin J. , Miranda Marie Lynn , Dominici Francesca , Di Qian , Schwartz Joel , Bell Michelle L. 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Although many studies demonstrated reduced mortality risk with higher greenness, few studies examined the modifying effect of greenness on air pollution–health associations. We evaluated residential greenness as an effect modifier of the association between long-term exposure to fine particles (PM2.5) and mortality.

Methods:
We used data from all Medicare beneficiaries in North Carolina (NC) and Michigan (MI) (2001–2016). We estimated annual PM2.5 averages using ensemble prediction models. We estimated mortality risk per 1 μg/m3 increase using Cox proportional hazards modeling, controlling for demographics, Medicaid eligibility, and area-level covariates. We investigated health disparities by greenness using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index with measures of urbanicity and socioeconomic status.

Results:
PM2.5 was positively associated with mortality risk. Hazard ratios (HRs) were 1.12 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.12 to 1.13) for NC and 1.01 (95% CI = 1.00 to 1.01) for MI. HRs were higher for rural than urban areas. Within each category of urbanicity, HRs were generally higher in less green areas. For combined disparities, HRs were higher in low greenness or low SES areas, regardless of the other factor. HRs were lowest in high-greenness and high-SES areas for both states.

Conclusions:
In our study, those in low SES and high-greenness areas had lower associations between PM2.5 and mortality than those in low SES and low greenness areas. Multiple aspects of disparity factors and their interactions may affect health disparities from air pollution exposures. Findings should be considered in light of uncertainties, such as our use of modeled PM2.5 data, and warrant further investigation.
Cytokine-induced killer cells/dendritic cells and cytokine-induced killer cells immunotherapy for the treatment of esophageal cancer
Authors: Yuan Xin , Zhang An Zhi , Ren Yi Lin , Wang Xue Li , Jiang Chen Hao , Yang Lan , Liu Chun Xia , Liang Wei Hua , Pang Li Juan , Gu Wen Yi , Li Feng , Hu Jian Ming 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objectives:
This meta-analysis was designed to systematically evaluate whether autologous cytokine-induced killer cells (CIK) or dendritic cells and cytokine-induced killer cells (DC-CIK) immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy can improve the therapeutic effect and safety of chemotherapy in esophageal cancer (EC).

Materials and methods:
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were electronically searched databases including CNKI, WanFang, WeiPu, CBMDisc, PubMed, Web of Science, EMbase, the Cochrane Library, and Clinical Trials. The databases were searched for articles published until June 2019. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and evaluated the quality of the included literature. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan5.3.

Results:
Seventeen studies (1416 participants) were included. The differences between CIK/DC-CIK combination chemotherapy and chemotherapy alone were significant. The results displayed that the number of CD3+, CD4+, CD4+/CD8+, and NK cells was significantly increased after 1 to 2 weeks of treatment with CIK/DC-CIK cells in the treatment group (all P < .05). In addition, the results shown that 1-year overall survival was significantly prolonged (P < .0001) and quality of life was improved (P = .001) in EC chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy groups compared with conventional treatment. Furthermore, cytokine expression levels of interleukin 2 (IL-2), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and interleukin 12 (IL-12) were significantly increased (P = .0003) as well as the levels of immunoglobulins were elevated (P < .00001). Serum levels of tumor marker molecules, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen (CA)-199, and CA-125 were lower in treatment groups than that of control groups (P < .00001). No fatal adverse reactions were noted (P = .04).

Conclusions:
It is safe and effective for patients to use chemotherapy combined with CIK/DC-CIK immunotherapy. Immunotherapy can simultaneously improve the antitumor immune response. Specifically, DC-CIK cells can increase T lymphocyte subsets, CIK cells, NK cells, and immunoglobulins in peripheral blood to enhance antitumor immunity. Therefore, combination therapy enhances the immune function and improves the therapeutic efficacy of patients with EC.
Acute promyelocytic leukemia with myelofibrosis
Authors: Xiao Mengyu , Qin Ling , Niu Xiaona , Zhou Pan , Niu Junwei , Wei Shengjie , Li Dan , Dou Liurui , Zhang Wanjun , Zhang Lei , Sun Kai , Bai Yanliang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Rationale:
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) with myelofibrosis (MF) is rare, and only 14 cases have been reported in the literature to date.

Patient concerns:
A 42-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with easy bruising and excessive bleeding. With the remission of the primary disease during treatment, the degree of fibrosis did not decrease, but worsened progressively.

Diagnosis:
The woman was diagnosed with acute promyelocytic leukemia with secondary myelofibrosis.

Interventions:
All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) was discontinued after 6 months of complete remission of APL. Arsenic trioxide (ATO) was discontinued because of supraventricular tachycardia 9 months after complete remission of APL.

Outcomes:
After withdrawal of ATRA for 2 months, the degree of fibrosis was significantly alleviated, and after withdrawal of ATRA for 8 months and ATO for 5 months, bone marrow biopsy showed no reticular fiber deposition.

Lessons:
In this case report and review of an additional 14 cases of APL with MF, we highlighted the importance of the degree of MF to be evaluated by bone marrow biopsy at the time of bone marrow aspiration when APL is suspected. If MF is present, the type of MF should be determined in a timely manner, and appropriate intervention measures should be taken accordingly.
Efficacy and safety of ulinastatin on cognitive dysfunction after general anesthesia in elderly patients
Authors: Liang Zhi , Xu Xue , Qi Xiang , Zhang Fuzhen 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background:
With the aging of society, the incidence of diseases increases. And along with the increase of surgery rate, the number of elderly patients with postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is also increasing. POCD seriously affects the mental state and quality of life of patients and their families. Clinical studies have shown that POCD is closely related to inflammatory reaction, and Ulinastatin can inhibit the inflammatory reaction and reduce the incidence of POCD in elderly patients under general anesthesia. However. the effect of Ulinastatin on POCD in elderly patients under general anesthesia has not been systematically evaluated.

Objective:
Meta analysis will be used to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Ulinastatin in elderly patients with general anesthesia POCD during perioperative period.

Methods:
We will search China Science and Technology Journal Database Chinese database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, China biomedical database, PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and web of science for randomized controlled trials of the effect of Ulinastatin on POCD of elderly patients with general anesthesia from the establishment of the database to November 2020. The 2 researchers will independently screen the literature and conducted quality assessment and data extraction for the included studies, Revman5.3 software will be used for risk assessment and meta analysis.

Results:
In this study, the efficacy and safety of Ulinastatin in elderly patients with general anesthesia POCD will be evaluated by the incidence of postoperative cognitive impairment, mini mental state examination (Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE]), visual regeneration, associative memory score, S100 β protein, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF- α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL- 10 inflammatory factors and the incidence of adverse reactions.

Conclusion:
The use of Ulinastatin in perioperative period can significantly reduce the inflammatory level of elderly patients after general anesthesia, effectively prevent the occurrence of POCD and reduce its incidence.

Ethics and dissemination:
The private information from individuals will not be published. This systematic review also will not involve endangering participant rights. Ethical approval is not required. The results may be published in a peer-reviewed journal or disseminated in relevant conferences.

OSF Registration number:
DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/GY3V7
Clinicopathological analysis of ovarian sertoli-leydig cell tumor with postmenopausal vaginal bleeding as the first symptom
Authors: Huang Li-juan , Shi Liang-yan , Duan Jie 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Rational:
Ovarian sertoli-leydig cell tumor (OSLCT) is extremely rare. We reported a OSLCT case in whom postmenopausal vaginal bleeding was the first symptom.

Patient concerns:
The patient came to our hospital due to postmenopausal vaginal bleeding.

Diagnoses:
Serum tumor markers and color Doppler ultrasound for her pelvic cavity were negative. The patient was finally diagnosed with left OSLCT by pathology. It was difficult to make a definite diagnosis before operation, the diagnosis of OSLCT required postoperative pathology in the patients.

Interventions:
the patient underwent laparoscopic hysterectomy+bilateral adnexectomy+lysis of pelvic adhesions.

Outcomes:
Postoperative laboratory examinations were normal. The patient was discharged from our hospital on the seventh day after operation and came to our hospital for follow-up check in April 2020. Physical and laboratory examinations were normal.

Lessons:
OSLCT can show different endocrine abnormalities, which are related to the various types of tumor tissues. Missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis are likely to occur in the patients who only have elevated serum testosterone. For the menopausal women with elevated serum testosterone, ovarian tumor shoule be highly suspected after excluding adrenal gland-related diseases.
Systemic inflammatory response to non-surgical treatment in hypertensive patients with periodontal infection
Authors: Escobar Arregocés Francina Maria , Del Hierro Rada Mariella , Sáenz Martinez María José , Hernández Meza Federico José , Roa Nelly S. , Velosa-Porras Juliana , Latorre Uriza Catalina 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Hypertension is associated with chronic inflammation in the tissues and organs that are involved in the regulation of arterial pressure, such as kidneys and blood vessels. Periodontal disease affects systemic inflammatory markers, leading to endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerotic plaque instability, dyslipidaemia, and insulin resistance. These conditions can also cause an increase in the blood pressure. Nonsurgical periodontal therapies, such as scaling and root planning, can affect systemic markers of inflammation. We evaluated the effect of scaling and root planning on serum levels of inflammation biomarkers in hypertensive patients. The sample consisted of 19 hypertensive patients with Periodontitis. The patients underwent laboratory tests that included glycaemia, cholesterol, triglycerides and blood count. Blood pressure was measured before periodontal therapy, and the second blood pressure recording was obtained at the re-evaluation appointment. Quantification of peripheral blood cytokines was performed using the Milliplex Inflammation Human Cytokine kit (Interleukin 1-β, Interleukin-4, Interleukin-6, Interleukin-8, Interleukin-10, Interleukin-12 P70, Interleukin-17A, vascular endothelial growth factor and tumor necrosis factor-alpha). All cytokine levels decreased from the initial examination to reassessment. Cytokines that reflected a statistically significant difference included Interleukin-1β and endothelial vascular growth factor (P = .04 and P = .004). Hypertensive patients with periodontitis undergoing non-surgical periodontal treatment exhibited a decrease in proinflammatory cytokine levels. Non-surgical periodontal treatment decreases the levels of systemic proinflammatory cytokines in controlled hypertensive patients.