bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Characteristics, Prevalence, and Risk Factors of Drug-Induced Liver Injury Among Brucellosis Inpatients in Xinjiang, China
Authors: Tuohutaerbieke Maermaer , Li Xinjie , Yin Yue , Chen Wei , Wu Dongmei , Mao Zhize , Mamuerjiang Jiamixi , Mao Yimin , Shen Tao 
Published: May 2021

Background: We investigated the prevalence, demographic and clinical features, and risk factors associated with drug-induced liver injury (DILI) during the treatment of brucellosis inpatients in a retrospective study.Methods: We collected the clinical data of 782 brucellosis inpatients admitted at the Shawan County People’s Hospital, Xinjiang, from 2015–2019. All cases were re-evaluated using the international consensus of DILI criteria and RUCAM rating scale. 71 patients were confirmed as DILI cases and compared with 523 other patients with normal liver function.Results: It was indicated that DILI occurred with a prevalence of about 9.08% among brucellosis inpatients receiving drug therapy. Hepatocellular injury was the most common type of DILI (61.97%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 50.34–72.37), followed by mixed (23.94%, 95% CI 15.52–35.04) and cholestatic types (14.08%, 95% CI 7.83–24.02). In addition, 13.64% of the hepatocellular DILI cases fulfilled Hy’s law criteria and only two cases (2.82%) progressed to severe DILI. Most patients adopted the combination of rifampicin, antipyretic analgesics, anti-infective agents, and traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of brucellosis, with all the 71 patients taking rifampicin as the drug of choice. Multivariable logistic regression analyses indicated that obesity, regular alcohol intake, and decreased serum albumin were the independent risk factors of DILI in patients with brucellosis after adjusting for gender, age, and ethnicity.Conclusion: DILI occurred in a minority of inpatients diagnosed with brucellosis receiving rifampicin-based therapeutic regimen. In addition, obesity, alcohol abuse, and decreased serum albumin were valuable predictors of the risk of DILI in patients with brucellosis.
Assessment of Anti-Hypertensive Drug Adherence by Serial Aldosterone-To-Renin Ratio Measurement
Authors: Buffolo Fabrizio , Sconfienza Elisa , Burrello Jacopo , Losano Isabel , Mengozzi Giulio , Priolo Gabriella , Avataneo Valeria , D’Avolio Antonio , Veglio Franco , Rabbia Franco , Mulatero Paolo , Monticone Silvia 
Published: May 2021

Reduced or absent compliance to anti-hypertensive treatment is a major obstacle to the achievement of blood pressure target in patients with arterial hypertension. Current available methods for therapeutic adherence assessment display low accuracy, limited applicability in clinical practice and/or high costs. We designed a prospective study to evaluate the accuracy of serial measurement of ARR to assess the therapeutic compliance to RAAS inhibitors. We prospectively enrolled 80 subjects: 40 patients with arterial hypertension and 40 normotensive controls. The ARR was evaluated at baseline and 2 and 8 week after initiation of a RAAS inhibitor in patients with hypertension, and at baseline and 2 weeks for the control group. Adherence to the prescribed therapy was confirmed by therapeutic drug monitoring. We observed a significant increase of renin levels and reduction of aldosterone levels after RAAS inhibitors initiation, with consequent reduction of ARR. Delta ARR (ΔARR), defined as relative change in ARR before and after treatment initiation, provided high accuracy for determination of therapeutic compliance, with an AUC of 0.900 at 2 weeks and 0.886 at 8 weeks. A cut-off of −48% of ΔARR provided 90% sensitivity and 75% specificity, at 2 and 8 weeks. In conclusion, the measurement of ΔARR is a powerful test, cheap and widely available to accurately identify the non-adherence to RAAS inhibitors treatment. Herein we propose the implementation of ΔARR in clinical practice through a multi-step flow-chart for the management of patients with uncontrolled blood pressure, with identification of those suspected of non-adherence, reserving therapeutic drug monitoring for non-adherence confirmation.
Routine Clinical Practice Treatment Outcomes of Eplerenone in Acute and Chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy
Authors: Fasler Katrin , Gunzinger Jeanne M. , Barthelmes Daniel , Zweifel Sandrine A. 
Published: May 2021

Purpose: To evaluate efficacy of eplerenone therapy vs. observation on resolution of subretinal fluid (SRF) in patients with acute and chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) in routine clinical practice.Methods: Retrospective comparative case series of eyes diagnosed with CSCR treated with eplerenone or observation. Primary outcome measure was maximum height of SRF at 12 months. Secondary outcome was percentage of eyes with complete resolution of SRF, percentage of eyes with reduction of SRF ≥50%, and best corrected visual acuity (VA) at 12 months. Separate analysis was conducted for eyes with acute and chronic CSCR.Results: Sixty-eight eyes of 60 patients (82% male) were included. Eleven of the 38 eyes with acute CSCR, and seven of the 30 eyes with chronic CSCR, received eplerenone. Subretinal fluid decreased from baseline to 12 months in acute (287 ± 221 to 31 ± 63 µm) and chronic (148 ± 134 to 40 ± 42 µm) CSCR. Kaplan-Meier curves were similar for treated and observed eyes and COX regression analysis did not show a significant difference in SRF resolution in treated vs. observed eyes (p = 0.6 for acute, p = 0.2 for chronic CSCR).Conclusion: This routine clinical practice outcome study did not show evidence of efficacy of eplerenone on resolution of SRF in acute nor chronic CSCR.
An Origami-Based Soft Robotic Actuator for Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Applications
Authors: Chauhan Manish , Chandler James H. , Jha Animesh , Subramaniam Venkataraman , Obstein Keith L. , Valdastri Pietro 
Published: May 2021

Soft pneumatic actuators have been explored for endoscopic applications, but challenges in fabricating complex geometry with desirable dimensions and compliance remain. The addition of an endoscopic camera or tool channel is generally not possible without significant change in the diameter of the actuator. Radial expansion and ballooning of actuator walls during bending is undesirable for endoscopic applications. The inclusion of strain limiting methods like, wound fibre, mesh, or multi-material molding have been explored, but the integration of these design approaches with endoscopic requirements drastically increases fabrication complexity, precluding reliable translation into functional endoscopes. For the first time in soft robotics, we present a multi-channel, single material elastomeric actuator with a fully corrugated design (inspired by origami); offering specific functionality for endoscopic applications. The features introduced in this design include i) fabrication of multi-channel monolithic structure of 8.5 mm diameter, ii) incorporation of the benefits of corrugated design in a single material (i.e., limited radial expansion and improved bending efficiency), iii) design scalability (length and diameter), and iv) incorporation of a central hollow channel for the inclusion of an endoscopic camera. Two variants of the actuator are fabricated which have different corrugated or origami length, i.e., 30 mm and 40 mm respectively). Each of the three actuator channels is evaluated under varying volumetric (0.5 mls-1 and 1.5 mls-1 feed rate) and pressurized control to achieve a similar bending profile with the maximum bending angle of 150°. With the intended use for single use upper gastrointestinal endoscopic application, it is desirable to have linear relationships between actuation and angular position in soft pneumatic actuators with high bending response at low pressures; this is where the origami actuator offers contribution. The soft pneumatic actuator has been demonstrated to achieve a maximum bending angle of 200° when integrated with manually driven endoscope. The simple 3-step fabrication technique produces a complex origami pattern in a soft robotic structure, which promotes low pressure bending through the opening of the corrugation while retaining a small diameter and a central lumen, required for successful endoscope integration.
Body-Mounted Robotic System for MRI-Guided Shoulder Arthrography: Cadaver and Clinical Workflow Studies
Authors: Patel Niravkumar , Yan Jiawen , Li Gang , Monfaredi Reza , Priba Lukasz , Donald-Simpson Helen , Joy Joyce , Dennison Andrew , Melzer Andreas , Sharma Karun , Iordachita Iulian , Cleary Kevin 
Published: May 2021

This paper presents an intraoperative MRI-guided, patient-mounted robotic system for shoulder arthrography procedures in pediatric patients. The robot is designed to be compact and lightweight and is constructed with nonmagnetic materials for MRI safety. Our goal is to transform the current two-step arthrography procedure (CT/x-ray-guided needle insertion followed by diagnostic MRI) into a streamlined single-step ionizing radiation-free procedure under MRI guidance. The MR-conditional robot was evaluated in a Thiel embalmed cadaver study and healthy volunteer studies. The robot was attached to the shoulder using straps and ten locations in the shoulder joint space were selected as targets. For the first target, contrast agent (saline) was injected to complete the clinical workflow. After each targeting attempt, a confirmation scan was acquired to analyze the needle placement accuracy. During the volunteer studies, a more comfortable and ergonomic shoulder brace was used, and the complete clinical workflow was followed to measure the total procedure time. In the cadaver study, the needle was successfully placed in the shoulder joint space in all the targeting attempts with translational and rotational accuracy of 2.07 ± 1.22 mm and 1.46 ± 1.06 degrees, respectively. The total time for the entire procedure was 94 min and the average time for each targeting attempt was 20 min in the cadaver study, while the average time for the entire workflow for the volunteer studies was 36 min. No image quality degradation due to the presence of the robot was detected. This Thiel-embalmed cadaver study along with the clinical workflow studies on human volunteers demonstrated the feasibility of using an MR-conditional, patient-mounted robotic system for MRI-guided shoulder arthrography procedure. Future work will be focused on moving the technology to clinical practice.
Reduced Etch Lag and High Aspect Ratios by Deep Reactive Ion Etching (DRIE)
Authors: Gerlt Michael S. , Läubli Nino F. , Manser Michel , Nelson Bradley J. , Dual Jürg 
Published: May 2021

Deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) with the Bosch process is one of the key procedures used to manufacture micron-sized structures for MEMS and microfluidic applications in silicon and, hence, of increasing importance for miniaturisation in biomedical research. While guaranteeing high aspect ratio structures and providing high design flexibility, the etching procedure suffers from reactive ion etching lag and often relies on complex oxide masks to enable deep etching. The reactive ion etching lag, leading to reduced etch depths for features exceeding an aspect ratio of 1:1, typically causes a height difference of above 10% for structures with aspect ratios ranging from 2.5:1 to 10:1, and, therefore, can significantly influence subsequent device functionality. In this work, we introduce an optimised two-step Bosch process that reduces the etch lag to below 1.5%. Furthermore, we demonstrate an improved three-step Bosch process, allowing the fabrication of structures with 6 μm width at depths up to 180 μm while maintaining their stability.
El proceso de enseñanza - aprendizaje de las normas gramaticales en el preuniversitario
Authors: Castillo Acevedo Armando , Campos Maura Eraida , Gómez Acosta Elba Caridad 
Published: May 2021

La esencia del proceso de enseñanza – aprendizaje de las normas en el ámbito escolar, radica en la adecuada formación de hablantes cultos y competentes lingüísticamente, siempre teniendo en cuenta que los estudiantes, aun cuando provienen de familias donde se emplee la norma culta, se comunican a partir de lo estigmatizado como popular o estándar, por lo que no han alcanzado la nivelación y desarrollo lingüístico que solo la escuela, como nuevo medio de socialización, puede proporcionarle. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar el estado actual del proceso de enseñanza – aprendizaje de las normas gramaticales en el preuniversitario y su vinculación con el enfoque cognitivo, comunicativo y sociocultural; para ello se hace una periodización de la enseñanza de la gramática, su vinculación al enfoque discursivo – funcional y se ofrecen algunas herramientas didácticas y metodológicas para el perfeccionamiento de dicho proceso. El dominio adecuado de la norma culta por parte de los estudiantes exige un trabajo sistemático por parte de los docentes, la familia y otros agentes culturales, a lo largo de su vida escolar, lo que le abre el camino al arte, la ciencia y de forma general a la cultura.
Efektifitas Aplikasi Kobotoolbox terhadap Peningkatan Pengetahuan Petugas Surveilans Demam Berdarah Dengue
Authors: Susanto Nugroho , Pascawati Nur Alvira , Rosdewi Naomi 
Published: May 2021

Penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) masih menjadi permasalahan di berbagai belahan dunia. Laporan penelitian sebelumnya dari 19 kasus DBD hanya 7 yang dapat dilacak. Penguatan sistem surveilan dapat dilakukan dengan meningkatkan pengetahuan petugas surveilan dan pemanfaatan teknologi. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas pelatihan terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan petugas surveilans. Rancangan penelitian pra eksperiment dengan desain pre post design. Populasi dan sampel adalah petugas surveilans dari dinas kesehatan provinsi D.I Yogyakarta, Dinas Kesehatan Kota Yogyakarta, Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Sleman dan Puskesmas. Sampel sebanyak 20 sampel. Pelatihan dilakukan satu (1) hari di laboratorium komputer meliputi pengertian, kemampuan design kuesioner,kemampuan analisis data dengan mengunakan kobotoolbox dan latihan aplikasi dengan kobotoolbox. Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji paired t test dengan 95% confidence Interval. Analisis dari 20 subjek bahwa rerata sebelum pelatihan aspek pengertian koboltoolbox sebesar 78.6 sedangkan setelah 89.3. Aspek pengetahuan pembuatan kuesioner sebelum 78.8, sedangkan setelah 89.6. Pada aspek analisis sebelum 46.7 setelah 57.5. Analisis bivariat bahwa ada perbedaan signifikan t = -2.445 p = 0.024, berdasarkan pembuatan kuesioner ada perbedaan signifikan sebelum dan setelah pelatihan t = -2.584 p =0.018. Berdasarkan analisis koboltoolbox bahwa tidak ada perbedaan signifikan antara sebelum dan setelah pelatihan t = -1.716 p=0.103.Berdasarkan total pengetahuan ada perbedaan signifikan t = -5.206 p =0.000. Terdapat perbedaan pengetahuan yang signifikan antara sebelum dan setelah pelatihan kobotoolbox.
Accurate determination of threshold voltage shift during negative gate bias stress in 4H-SiC MOSFETs by fast on-the-fly method
Authors: Sakata Hiroki , Okamoto Dai , Sometani Mitsuru , Okamoto Mitsuo , Hirai Hirohisa , Harada Shinsuke , Hatakeyama Tetsuo , Yano Hiroshi , Iwamuro Noriyuki 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The threshold voltage shift in NO-annealed 4H-SiC MOSFETs during negative gate bias stress was investigated with a fast on-the-fly method for p-channel devices while considering the stress–time dependence of the slope of the drain current–gate voltage characteristics. With the proposed method, the threshold voltage shift was accurately measured over a wide time range from hundreds of nanoseconds. The negative threshold voltage shift exhibited power-law time dependence at room temperature and logarithmic time dependence at 423 K, suggesting that interface trap generation is observable at room temperature and thermally-assisted hole trapping in SiO2 dominates at high temperatures.
Atomic-level nature of solid/liquid interface for energy conversion revealed by frequency modulation atomic force microscopy
Authors: Minato Taketoshi , Umeda Kenichi , Kobayashi Kei , Araki Yuki , Konishi Hiroaki , Ogumi Zempachi , Abe Takeshi , Onishi Hiroshi , Yamada Hirofumi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Understanding and controlling the mechanism of energy conversion related to the development of a sustainable society not only make our lives more convenient but also make them more meaningful and enrichens us. The physical properties at the interface between solid and liquid (solid/liquid interface) play a significant role in energy conversion. The solid/liquid interface is buried and spatially limited, and thus clarifying the physical properties at the interface at the atomic scale is challenging. In this review, we describe our achievements by using frequency modulation atomic force microscopy for studying the geometric structure, molecule distribution, and viscosity at the solid/liquid interface at the atomic scale.
Analisis Faktor-Faktor Transmisi Lokal Covid-19 Di Praktek Dokter Gigi
Authors: Olivia MP Astri Yosika 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
The city of Wuhan is the city where the COVID-19 virus has been detected for the first time . This virus originates from the subfamily Orthocoronavirinae and has four genera, namely: (?-COV) ?-coronavirus, (?-cov) ?-coronavirus , (?-COV) ?-coronavirus, and (?-COV) ?coronavirus (Li et al., 2020). Transmission in a dentist's practice is very likely due to inhalation of Aerosols or droplets containing viruses. To prevent transmission in the dentist's practice, actions such as a dental doctor using PPE level 3, hand sanitizers are placed in each room to wait, Patients who come are required to wear a mask and check body temperature. The aim of the literature study on COVID-19 ini to find out about the outbreak and prevention of COVID-19 at the Dentist's Office . The conclusion of the literature study is that the cause of COVID-19 is SARS-COV2 which shows that the RNA virus has a sample (sheath) and is also a species of the genus ?-COV2. This virus has a diameter varies between 60-140 nm. The entry of the virus into the host body pitch hanging to the ability of ACE2 binds to the virus , wherein the receptor from the membrane extracellular expressed in epithelial cells.

ABSTRAK
Kota Wuhan merupakan kota yang pertama sekali terdeteksi adanya virus COVID-19. Virus ini berasal dari subfamily Orthocoronavirinae dan memiliki empat genus yaitu: (?-COV) ?-coronavirus, (?-cov )?-coronavirus ,(?-COV) ?-coronavirus ,dan (?-COV) ?coronavirus (Li et al., 2020). Penularan di Praktek Dokter Gigi sangat mungkin terjadi akibat terhirupnya Aerosol atau Droplet yang mengandung virus. Untuk mencegah terjadinya penularan di praktek dokter gigi dilakukan tindakan seperti dokter gigi menggunakan APD level 3, hand sanitizer diletakkan disetiap ruangan untuk tunggu, Pasien yang datang diwajibkan menggunakan maskernya serta mengecek suhu tubuh. Tujuan dari studi literatur mengenai COVID-19 ini untuk mengetahui penjangkitan serta pencegahan COVID-19 di Praktek Dokter Gigi. Kesimpulan studi literatur yaitu penyebab COVID-19 adalah SARS-COV2 yang menunjukkan virus RNA memiliki sample (selubung) dan juga merupakan spesies dari genus ?-COV. virus ini memiliki diameter bervariasi antara 60-140 nm. Masuknya virus ke dalam tubuh inang tergantung kepada kemampuan ACE2 berikatan dengan virus, dimana reseptor dari membran ekstra selular diekspresikan di sel epitel.
Minyak Lavender dan Citrus Aurantium Dikombinasi Dengan Pijat Endorphin Efektif Dalam Meredakan Nyeri Ibu Bersalin di BPM Wilayah Kabupaten Simalungun
Authors: Sukaisi Sukaisi 
Published: May 2021

Nyeri persalinan merupakan pengalaman subjektif tentang sensasi fisik yang terkait dengan kontraksi uterus, dilatasi dan penipisan serviks, serta penurunan janin selama persalinan. Nyeri persalinan merupakan salah satu penyebab terjadinya partus lama dan kematian janin. Partus lama memberikan sumbangan 5% terhadap penyebab kematian ibu di Indonesia. Aromaterapi dengan menggunakan olahan citrus aurentius dapat mengurangi rasa sakit, keletihan dan kecemasan dalam persalinan.Terapi komplementer lain yang non farmakologi untuk meredakan nyeri selama persalinan adalah pijatan.Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui efektifitas minyak lavender dan citrus aurantium dikombinasikan dengan pijat endorphine terhadap skala intensitas nyeri kala I fase aktif persalinan. Jenis penelitian adalah quasi experiment pre and post test group with control design. dilakukan kepada 90 orang ibu bersalin kala I, usia 19-41 tahun di Praktek Mandiri Bidan di Wilayah Kabupaten Simalungun, Mei - Oktober 2019. Teknik pengambilan sampel adalah consecutive sampling sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi. Dilakukan pemijatan endorphine dengan menggunakan minyak essensial lavender dan citrus aurantium pada kelompok intervensi dan pada kelompok kontrol tanpa perlakuan. Pengukuran skala nyeri dengan Skala abbey dilakukan awal sebelum intervensi dan akhir kala I fase aktif. Analisa data menggunakan uji Kruskal Walis menggunakan SPSS versi 16.0.Hasil penelitian ini diperoleh adanya perbedaan yang signifikan antar kelompok dengan nilai p value sebesar < 0.001 dengan rerata intensitas nyeri pada akhir kala I fase aktif, yaitu nyeri sedang dan kelompok intervensi, yaitu nyeri ringan. Skala intensitas nyeri sebelum dan setelah intervensi diperoleh adanya pengaruh yang signifikan dari kedua kelompok intervensi. Pemberian aromatik pada kala I fase aktif mempengaruhi durasi kala I. Penggunaan aromatik minyak lavender dan citrus aurantium pada ibu bersalin sebagai terapi integratif dalam pelayanan kebidanan
EFEKTIFITAS EDUKASI KADER KESEHATAN TERHADAP PENINGKATAN PENGETAHUAN DAN KEMAMPUAN MENDETEKSI DINI TANDA BAHAYA PADA KEHAMILAN DAN NIFAS TAHUN 2016
Authors: Yuhandini Diyah Sri , Wahyuni Santi , Nurlina Neli 
Published: May 2021

Latar Belakang : Kader merupakan tenaga masyarakat yang bertugas mengembangkan masyarakat dan sebagai promotor kesehatan. Data di Puskesmas Sitopeng tahun 2015 deteksi resiko tinggi oleh tenaga kesehatan sebesar 161,67%, namun deteksi resiko tinggi oleh masyarakat hanya sebesar 62,37 %. Data tersebut menggambarkan deteksi dini kehamilan risiko tinggi oleh masyarakat dibawah target pemerintah (80%).
Tujuan Penelitian: Mengetahui efektifitas edukasi kader kesehatan terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan dan kemampuan mendeteksi dini tanda bahaya pada kehamilan, dan nifas di Wilayah Kerja UPTD Puskesmas Sitopeng Kota Cirebon Tahun 2016.
Metode Penelitian: Desain penelitian quasi eksperiment dengan rancangan one group pretest-posttest. Subjek penelitian adalah 24 orang kader kesehatan. Analisis data univariabel dan bivariabel dengan Uji Wilcoxon , 95% CI dengan tingkat kemaknaan p<0,05.
Hasil: Rata-rata pengetahuan sebelum edukasi sebesar 15.58, dan sesudah edukasi sebesar 17.2. Rata-rata kemampuan deteksi dini sebelum edukasi sebesar 13.33 dan sesudah edukasi sebesar 21.25. Perbedaan pengetahuan sebelum dan sesudah P > 0,05 (0,081) dan perbedaan kemampuan deteksi dini P < 0,05 ( 0,014).
Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna pada pengetahuan dan ada hubungan yang bermakna pada kemampuan mendeteksi dini tanda bahaya pada kehamilan, dan nifas baik sebelum dan sesudah edukasi kader kesehatan.
Kata Kunci : Edukasi; Kader Kesehatan; Pengetahuan; Kemampuan Deteksi Dini; Tanda Bahaya Kehamilan dan Nifas.