bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Terminal reproductive investment in male Eastern Gray Treefrogs (Dryophytes versicolor, Anura: Hylidae) is a marathon not a sprint
Authors: Leach Olivia , Lockhart Katie , Algar Adam C 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The idea that greater investment in current reproductive events reduces future survival is fundamental to our understanding of life history evolution. The terminal investment hypothesis proposes that individuals with limited future reproductive opportunities will invest more time and energy into the current reproductive event. We tested this hypothesis in male Eastern Gray Treefrogs (Dryophytes versicolor LeConte 1825) predicting that larger, older males will spend more time at the breeding pond and lose a greater percentage of their body mass over the entirety of the breeding season. We found a positive correlation between male size and the number of nights males attended the breeding pond; males that attended the pond more often also lost more weight over the breeding season. Lastly, larger older males extended their breeding season by remaining at the pond later in the season, rather than arriving earlier. Moreover, males that invested more in reproduction were less likely to be recaptured the following year. These results suggest that older males invest more in reproduction than younger males and pay a cost in terms of future survival, which is consistent with the terminal investment hypothesis.
An audit of the impact of the introduction of a commercial artificial intelligence-driven auto-contouring tool into a radiotherapy department
Authors: Langmack Keith A , Alexander Gavin G , Gardiner Joshua , McKenna Angela , Shawcroft Ewan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To audit prospectively the accuracy, time saving, and utility of a commercial artificial intelligence auto-contouring tool (AIAC). To assess the reallocation of time released by AIAC.

Methods
We audited the perceived usefulness (PU), clinical acceptability, and reallocation of time during the introduction of a commercial AIAC. The time from CT to plan completion [patient planning transit time (PPTT)] was audited for several pathways.

Results
In this audit, 248 patients and 32 staff were included. PU increased with exposure to AIAC (P &lt; .05). For 80% of sites, AIAC was timesaving and AI contours were clinically acceptable after minor edits. Edits had little impact on doses for the majority of cases. Median PPTT reduced by 5.5 (breast) and 9 (prostate) working days (P &lt; .01). Radiographers spent more time on other tasks within planning. Oncologists improved their work-life balance and increased time spent on professional development and research by up to 2 h per week.

Conclusions
All users of AIAC found it a useful tool and it improved their productivity. The contours were high quality and needed little editing. It reduced contouring time and reduced PPTT by several days in some cases. The reallocated time was staff group dependent.

Advances in knowledge
The time released by the use of AIAC can lead to a reduction in the PPTT by up to 9 days. It also improves the work-life balance of oncologists by reducing the time spent out of hours contouring.
Designing qualitative research with value in the clinical and epidemiological context: what, why and how
Authors: Meuleman Yvette , van Westrum Eline Schade , Bos Willem Jan W , Mooijaart Simon P , van Buren Marjolijn , Tripepi Giovanni , Stel Vianda S , Jager Kitty J , Zoccali Carmine , Dekker Friedo W 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Clinical and epidemiological research are indispensable for improvements in evidence-based healthcare and health outcomes, but they also leave important gaps in our understanding of health and illness. Qualitative research has been increasingly recognized as a key to address some of these gaps, using both exploratory (to gain a more complete and in-depth understanding of problems) and explanatory (to explain quantitative results) approaches. By finding out ‘what's going on’ and bringing people's stories to light, qualitative research is widely advocated as crucial in enhancing patient-centered research and healthcare. To date, most clinicians, clinical researchers and epidemiologists are relatively unfamiliar with and untrained in qualitative research – a type of research that, compared to quantitative research, requires different research skills and uses a different jargon, type of reasoning and methods. This article aims to equip them with the basic knowledge necessary to appraise and design qualitative research. Specifically, we provide a comprehensive overview of 1) what qualitative research is, including various examples of qualitative research questions and explanations of the contrasting properties of quantitative and qualitative research; 2) what constitutes the added value of qualitative research in the clinical and epidemiological context, illustrated using numerous research conducted within nephrology; and 3) practical guidelines for designing qualitative research within this context, including a self-developed checklist containing essential information to include in qualitative research protocols. In doing so, we hope to enrich clinical and epidemiological research with complementary qualitative evidence – amongst others, the invaluable insights into patients’ lived experiences and perceptions –, and hereby greatly enhance patient-centered research and evidence-based healthcare.
We are all in the same boat: Cross-border spillovers of climate shocks through international trade and supply chain
Authors: Feng Alan , Li Haishi , Wang Yulin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Are landlocked countries at risk from sea-level rise? We identify a new mechanism where natural disaster shocks influence countries’ macroeconomic performance through cross-border trade spillovers. Analyzing global data on climate disasters, infrastructure, trade, and the macroeconomy from 1970 to 2019, we find that climate disasters impacting ports, critical infrastructure for international trade, reduce imports, exports, and economic output in both the affected country and its major trade partner (both upstream and downstream) countries. The GDP effects on main upstream and downstream countries are as large as those in directly impacted countries: While directly affected countries offset climate disaster damages with increased government spending and investment, trade partners do not. Effective adaptation efforts, including building climate-resilient infrastructure and implementing disaster relief measures, must account for the cross-border spillover effects of climate disasters.
Novel Nomenclature and Functional Insights into YTH Genes in the Rosaceae Family
Authors: Wang Hanqing , Yang Huizhen , Bian Hanxiao , Wei Chunyan , Gao Ying , Zhang Bo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
N 6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a prevalent and widespread post-transcriptional modification of eukaryotic messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) . Historically, YT512-B homology (YTH) domain proteins have been regarded as RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). Recent studies have revealed their critical role in recognizing m6A and regulating the metabolism of m6A-modified mRNA. The identification of YTH domain proteins is essential for elucidating the regulatory mechanism of m6A. However, information concerning YTH-domain proteins in the Rosaceae family remains limited. In this study, we report the identification of a total of 185 YTH genes across twelve Rosaceae species. Cis-element analysis indicated the pivotal roles of YTH domain proteins in plant development and environmental response. Consequently, we comprehensively summarized the expression profiles of YTH genes in Fragaria vesca, Malus domestica, Prunus persica, and Rubus idaeus, revealing their tissue-specific expression patterns and involvement in plant and fruit development. Additionally, the analysis of YTH gene expression profiles in peach fruit in response to methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment suggested a potential role of YTH genes in chilling injury (CI) during low-temperature storage. Moreover, through heterologous transgenesis, we confirmed that PpYTHDFE1 regulates fruit quality by promoting the accumulation of organic acids and decreasing the sugar-to-acid ratio. We devised a novel nomenclature system for YTH genes across multiple species, providing information for further research on these genes. Our findings provide a valuable reference for future investigations into the regulatory mechanisms of YTH proteins and m6A within the Rosaceae family.
AIPPI-Q289: Asking for Harmonization of Disclosure Requirements – Analysis and Opinion from a German and European Perspective
Authors: Schüssler Andrea , Hoffmann Fabian , Dumlich Heiko , Kommer Jérôme , Gajeck Niclas , Lechner Rolf 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The authors present the key responses of the German group of AIPPI to Study Question 289 and discuss under which circumstances patent applicants should be obliged to disclose prior art, the consequences of violations of an obligation to disclose under aspects of the law of damages, criminal and constitutional law, and analyse harmonization options from a practical point of view. The WIPO Treaty on Genetic Resources and associated Traditional Knowledge and its consequences for disclosure requirements is also briefly outlined.
The authors and the German national group of AIPPI propose the harmonization of patent law internationally so that it only requires limited disclosure of prior art which facilitates the understanding of the technical context and the advantages of the invention from the applicant’s point of view at the time of filing. This would reduce the burden on applicants, and particularly on smaller entities, enabling them to focus their resources on innovation instead of compliance with strict formal obligations. Patent offices should increase their international collaboration and ensure that search results are shared among them.
A patent becoming unenforceable with respect to all of its claims as a consequence of strict disclosure requirements is unlikely to meet the constitutional principles of European states, in particular Germany. An applicant’s conduct may instead be considered regarding the liability for damages. This should be sufficient to incentivize the patentee to fulfil their obligation of truthfulness as part of the disclosure requirements, without unnecessarily shifting the burden on applicants and patent offices.
‘Duplex and reciprocal’ obligation: Calvin’s Case (1608) and the development of early modern English citizenship
Authors: Commons Kathleen 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Whether or not people in early modern England were citizens has often been analysed in terms of individuals’ participation in self-rule, neglecting the fact that citizenship is also a legal status. Citizenship as a legal status comprises rights, conferred through belonging to a polity, and enacted through participation. This article seeks to understand the extent to which the legal status of early modern English subjects was citizenlike through examining Calvin’s Case (1608) and its afterlife. The judgement in Calvin’s Case drew on established legal principles to construct a legal status for English subjects, wherein natural allegiance to the monarch conferred protection. This remains the basis of British citizenship today. The judgement itself was ambiguous, defining protection both as natural protection emanating from the monarch and legal protection, that is, rights enshrined in law. The use of the judgement in the debates of the 1640s and 1680s about subjects’ capacities to resist perceived monarchical overreach sheds important light on how English individuals understood their rights, the relationship of these rights to belonging and the limits of enacting these rights through participation.
Aeromonas isolation reveals this genus’s contribution to antimicrobial resistance fluxes across the wastewater–treated water–river interface
Authors: Xu Jianxin , Jensen Mia Kristine Staal , Lassen Simon Bo , Brandt Kristian Koefoed , Dechesne Arnaud , Smets Barth F 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Aim
Aeromonas spp. are common members of water and wastewater microbiomes, but some are listed as opportunistic pathogens and are often reported to carry antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes. We aimed to assess the performance of isolation media for capturing their distribution and their role in AMR dissemination into aquatic environments.

Methods and results
We investigated the abundance, diversity, and AMR profile of Aeromonas isolates from wastewater and receiving water bodies at five municipal wastewater treatment plants in Denmark using three isolation media. This was then compared with the diversity estimated from community-wide 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and resistance patterns inferred from high-throughput qPCR of resistance genes. Isolates from ampicillin sheep blood agar were the most phylogenetically diverse, but the overall Aeromonas recovery on the three media was similarly good and matched the dominant amplicon sequence variants. While the dominant phylotypes were ubiquitous, some types were only detected in treated wastewater and the receiving rivers. The resistance prevalence was moderate and mostly to beta-lactams and tetracyclines. Isolates resistant to piperacilin–tazobactam, cefepime, and tetracycline downstream of the plants were linked to wastewater origin.

Conclusion
Overall, our work demonstrates Aeromonas and Aeromonas-mediated AMR fluxes at the wastewater/environment interfaces and provides methodological bases for monitoring aeromonads in wastewater and surface waters.
Actinide signatures in low electron fraction kilonova ejecta
Authors: Pognan Quentin , Wu Meng-Ru , Martínez-Pinedo Gabriel , da Silva Ricardo Ferreira , Jerkstrand Anders , Grumer Jon , Flörs Andreas 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
Neutron star (NS) mergers are known to produce heavy elements through rapid neutron capture (r-process) nucleosynthesis. Actinides are expected to be created solely by the r-process in the most neutron-rich environments. Confirming if NS mergers provide the requisite conditions for actinide creation is therefore central to determining their origin in the Universe. Actinide signatures in kilonova (KN) spectra may yield an answer, provided adequate models are available in order to interpret observational data. In this study, we investigate actinide signatures in neutron-rich merger ejecta. We use three ejecta models with different compositions and radioactive power, generated by nucleosynthesis calculations using the same initial electron fraction ($Y_e = 0.15$) but with different nuclear physics inputs and thermodynamic expansion history. These are evolved from 10 to 100 d after merger using the sumo non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) radiative transfer code. We highlight how uncertainties in nuclear properties, as well as choices in thermodynamic trajectory, may yield entirely different outputs for equal values of $Y_e$. We consider an actinide-free model and two actinide-rich models, and find that the emergent spectra and light-curve evolution are significantly different depending on the amount of actinides present, and the overall decay properties of the models. We also present potential key actinide spectral signatures, of which doubly ionized $_{89}$Ac and $_{90}$Th may be particularly interesting as spectral indicators of actinide presence in KN ejecta.
Unravelling the orbits of cluster galaxy populations according to their dominant gas ionization source
Authors: Valk Greique A , Rembold Sandro B 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
We investigate the kinematical and dynamical properties of cluster galaxy populations classified according to their dominant source of gas ionization, namely: star-forming (SF) galaxies, optical active galactic nuclei (AGNs), mixed SF plus AGN ionization (transition objects, T), and quiescent (Q) galaxies. We stack 8892 member galaxies from 336 relaxed galaxy clusters to build an ensemble cluster and estimate the observed projected profiles of numerical density and velocity dispersion, $\sigma _P(R)$, of each galaxy population. The MAMPOSSt code and the Jeans equations inversion technique are used to constrain the velocity anisotropy profiles of the galaxy populations in both parametric and non-parametric ways. We find that Q (SF) galaxies display the lowest (highest) typical cluster-centric distances and velocity dispersion values. Transition galaxies are more concentrated and tend to exhibit lower velocity dispersion values than SF galaxies. Galaxies that host an optical AGN are as concentrated as Q galaxies but display velocity dispersion values similar to those of the SF population. MAMPOSSt is able to find equilibrium solutions that successfully recover the observed $\sigma _P(R)$ profile only for the Q, T, and AGN populations. We find that the orbits of all populations are consistent with isotropy in the inner regions, becoming increasingly radial with the distance from the cluster centre. These results suggest that Q galaxies are in equilibrium within their clusters, while SF galaxies have more recently arrived in the cluster environment. Finally, the T and AGN populations appear to be in an intermediate dynamical state between those of the SF and Q populations.
Post-intrathecal chemotherapy-related paraplegia syndrome in hematological cancer patients: A systematic review
Authors: Monnikhof Matthijs , Hamming Gabriella , Crnko Sandra , Brandsma Rick , van Rhenen Anna , Monnikhof Thomas , Bovenschen Niels , Kaspers Gertjan , Flinsenberg Thijs W H 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Intrathecal (IT) chemotherapy is essential in treating hematological malignancies, but it can lead to ascending paraplegia, a condition that currently lacks clear management guidelines.

Methods
We conducted a systematic review, analyzing 1219 studies and 116 patients, adhering to PRISMA guidelines for individual patient data. The study, registered under PROSPERO (CRD42022362121), focused on the onset, diagnostic approaches, and therapeutic interventions associated with this complication, and management strategies to tackle the ascending paraplegia.

Results
Paraplegia typically manifests approximately 10 days after chemotherapy, irrespective of injection frequency. In 95% of cases, paralysis stabilizes around the umbilical region, although some patients progress to upper limb involvement and respiratory compromise. Despite various diagnostic methods, consistent inflammatory markers in blood or cerebrospinal fluid are lacking, with approximately 60% of patients showing normal magnetic resonance imaging results at presentation. Misdiagnoses often include transverse myelitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and autoimmune radiculitis. Common treatments such as corticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulins show limited effectiveness.

Conclusion
Our review delineates the clinical entity of ascending paraplegia following IT chemotherapy, aiming to increase clinician awareness and provide prognostic insight. We introduce the term post-IT paraplegia syndrome to facilitate accurate diagnosis and optimize treatment strategies for affected patients.
State Building in a Diverse Society
Authors: Carlitz Ruth , Morjaria Ameet , Mueller Joris , Osafo-Kwaako Philip 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Diversity can pose fundamental challenges to state building and development. The Tanzanian Ujamaa policy—one of post-colonial Africa’s largest state-building experiments—addressed these challenges by resettling a diverse population in planned villages, where children received political education. We combine differences in exposure to Ujamaa across space and age to identify long-term impacts of the policy. Analysis of contemporary surveys shows persistent, positive effects on national identity and perceived state legitimacy. Our preferred interpretation, supported by evidence that considers alternative hypotheses, is that changes to educational content drive our results. Our findings also point to trade-offs associated with state building: while the policy contributed to establishing the new state as a legitimate central authority, exposure to Ujamaa lowered demands for democratic accountability and did not increase generalized inter-ethnic trust.
Tailoring the treatment of type-2 related chronic rhinosinusitis with or without nasal polyps: a comparative analysis of medical and surgical approaches
Authors: Giombi Francesco , Mercante Giuseppe , Nappi Emanuele , Marzio Valentina , Malvezzi Luca 
Published: December 2024

Purpose of review
Advances in understanding the molecular pathways underlying nasal epithelial inflammation have ushered in the era of personalized medicine for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). Research progress has led to the approval of several monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for severe CRSwNP, demonstrating promising outcomes in both clinical trials and real-world settings. Similarly, evolution in surgical techniques has enhanced progression-free survival due to the development of novel approaches. This narrative review summarizes current evidence comparing medical and surgical options for CRSwNP.

Recent findings
There is general consensus that surgery is most effective in reducing nasal polyp size (NPS), while mAbs appears to provide greater benefits in terms of quality-of-life measures and olfactory function. Overall, surgery has shown higher long-term cost-effectiveness, although this could change with the upcoming patent expirations of mAbs. Additionally, head-to-head trials will allow for a direct comparison of the effectiveness of different mAbs in disease-specific outcomes.

Summary
The high heterogeneity among studies has limited the ability to draw definitive conclusions through meta-analyses. To date, endoscopic sinus surgery remains the preferred option for surgery-naive patients, while individuals with recalcitrant CRSwNP and confirmed type-2 inflammation should be considered for mAb treatment.
Physicians' Values as Motivators for Continuing Professional Development: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Gavarkovs Adam G. , McCauley William 
Published: December 2024

Introduction:
According to Self-Determination Theory, when health professionals see their continuing professional development (CPD) efforts as aligned with their intrinsic values (eg, helping others), they may develop a more desirable motivational orientation toward CPD. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the effect of physicians' values on their CPD motivation.

Methods:
Practicing physicians in a single Canadian providence were administered an online survey that assessed their motivation for engaging in CPD, the importance they ascribe to three intrinsic and three extrinsic values, and the extent to which engaging in CPD activities is aligned with intrinsic and extrinsic values.

Results:
A total of 122 physicians completed the survey. Seeing CPD activities as contributing to helping others was positively associated with intrinsic regulation, identified regulation, and introjected regulation. Seeing CPD activities as contributing to personal growth was positively associated with identified regulation.

Discussion:
As predicted by the Self-Determination Theory, physicians who perceived CPD as aligned with intrinsic values tended to report a more desirable motivational orientation toward CPD. CPD providers can support health professionals' motivation by highlighting connections between CPD activities and intrinsic values in promotional materials.