bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative study of the efficacy and safety of minimally invasive interlaminar full-endoscopic discectomy versus conventional microscopic discectomy in single-level lumbar herniated intervertebral disc (ENDO-F Trial): A multicenter, prospective, randomized controlled trial protocol
Authors: Kim Jin-Sung , Lee Jun Ho , Bae Junseok , Lee Dong Chan , Shin Sang-Ha , Keum Han Joong , Choi Young Soo , Eun Sang Soo , Shin Seung Ho , Hong Hyun Jin , Kim Ji Yeon , Kim Tae Hyun , Lim Woojung , Kim Junghoon , Park Sang-Min , Park Hyun-Jin , Lee Hong-Jae 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BackgroundAdvances in minimally invasive surgery have expanded the indications for interlaminar full-endoscopic discectomy. Although the clinical outcomes for this approach may be equivalent to those of conventional microscopic discectomy, the supporting evidence is based on small, single-center, prospective, and retrospective studies. Therefore, a multicenter, randomized controlled trial is warranted.MethodsThis will be a prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled trial comparing the efficacy and safety of interlaminar full-endoscopic discectomy to those of conventional microscopic discectomy. The trial will enroll 100 participants with a lumbar disc herniation, 50 in each group. The primary outcome will be the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) score at 12 months post-surgery. Secondary outcomes will be: back and leg pain (visual analog scale); the ODI; the EuroQol-5-Dimension score; patient satisfaction; and walking distance/time and time to return to daily activities post-surgery. Surgical outcomes will include postoperative drainage, operative time, duration of hospital stay, postoperative creatine kinase level as an indicator of muscle injury, and postoperative scarring. Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and simple radiography will be performed to evaluate radiographic outcomes between the two surgical approaches. Surgery-related complications and adverse effects will be evaluated as safety outcomes. A single assessor at each participating hospital, blinded to group allocation, will assess the enrolled participants at baseline, 2 weeks and 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively.DiscussionThis trial is designed to determine whether interlaminar full-endoscopic discectomy is clinically comparable to microscopic discectomy to treat lumbar disc herniations. All efforts will be made to reduce bias, including adequate sample sizes, blinded analyses, and multicenter prospective registration. The outcomes will inform practice, providing the evidence needed for the use of interlaminar full-endoscopic over microscopic discectomy by confirming the potential of this technique to improve patient satisfaction and clinical outcomes.Trial registrationClinical Research Information Service; cris.nih.go.kr. (KCT0006277); protocol version (v1, June 8, 2021)
Clinical Effects and Characteristics of Color, Number, and Word Content Elements in Computerized Training Programs for the Prevention of Cognitive Decline
Authors: Jeong Jaehoon , Kim Sungmin , Kim Nahyeon , Lee Yoonjoo , Kim Daechang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: The biggest problem in an aging society is the development of degenerative brain disease in the elderly. Neurodegenerative brain disease can cause cognitive dysfunction and rapidly increase the prevalence of dementia and Parkinson's disease, posing a huge economic and social burden on the elderly. A computerized cognitive rehabilitation training system has been developed to prevent and train cognitive dysfunction, showing various clinical effects. However, few studies have analyzed components of contents such as memory and concentration training. In this study, the clinical effects and characteristics of the color, number and words elements were analyzed by subdividing the memory and concentration contents into elements, difficulty, and training methods.Methods: Using a total of eight contents developed based on neuropsychology, 24 normal subjects with an average age of 60.58 ± 3.96 years were conducted 3 times a week, and training was received for 30 to 45 minutes per session. To determine the training effect, MMSE-K, an evaluation tool most closely related to cognitive therapy, was used. The number of errors and problem solving time used in the analysis were dataized by measuring the number of incorrect answers selected by the subject and the time spent solving the problem, respectively. Using t-test, the significance of different between before and after training was determined. Correlation between the number of errors and problem-solving time by week was determined using a trend line. All experimental procedures and evaluations were conducted after obtaining IRB approval from Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital (DUIH2020-07-001).Results: The subjects' MMSE-K scores were 27.88 ± 1.70 points before intervention to 28.63 ± 1.69 points after three weeks of intervention. In each subdivided component, color element showed an effect of improving complex difficulty, number element had the most effective training effect, and word element had a predictive effect on cognitive decline. Conclusions: A detailed analysis results of the components used in a computerized cognitive rehabilitation training system will help develop degenerative brain disease contents to be developed later, and is expected to contribute to a prevention-oriented medical paradigm
k-Shape Clustering for Extracting Macro-patterns in Intracranial Pressure Signals
Authors: Martinez-Tejada Isabel , Riedel Casper Schwartz , Juhler Marianne , Andresen Morten , Wilhjelm Jens E. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring is a core component of neurosurgical diagnostics. With the introduction of telemetric monitoring devices in the last years, ICP monitoring has become feasible in a broader clinical setting including monitoring during full mobilization and at home, where a greater diversity of ICP waveforms are present. The need for identification of these variations, the so-called macro-patterns lasting seconds to minutes - emerges as a potential tool for better understanding the physiological underpinnings of patient symptoms. Methods: We introduce a new methodology that serves as a foundation for future automatic macro-pattern identification in the ICP signal to comprehensively understand the appearance and distribution of these macro-patterns in the ICP signal and their clinical significance. Specifically, we describe an algorithm based on k-Shape clustering to build a standard library of such macro-patterns. Results: In total, seven macro-patterns were extracted from the ICP signals. This macro-pattern library may be used as a basis for the classification of new ICP variation distributions based on clinical disease entities.Conclusions: We provide the starting point for future researchers to use a computational approach to characterize ICP recordings from a wide cohort of disorders.
Coverage and Determinants of Modern Contraceptive Use in Sub-saharan Africa: Further Analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys
Authors: Boadu Isaac 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: The use of modern contraceptives (MC) in most African countries has been low despite the high fertility rate and unmet need for family planning. This study sought to determine the coverage and determinants of modern contraceptive use among women of reproductive age in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Methods: Data for the study was obtained from the latest Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) conducted between 1995-2020 across 37 SSA countries. Women of reproductive age (15-19 years) was the unit of analysis. Analyses of data was done using STATA version 16 for windows. A bivariate Rao Scott’s chi-square test of independence was done to determine factors associated with the use of modern contraceptives. Factors that showed significance (p<0.05) were included in a multilevel logistic regression to determine significant predictors of modern contraceptives. Clustering, stratification and sample weighting were accounted for in the analyses. Results: The overall prevalence of the use of MC was found to be 22.0%. This ranged from 3.5% in the Central Africa Republic to 49.7% in Namibia. The most common type of contraceptives used were injections (39.4%), condoms (17.5%) and implants (26.5%). Women were less likely to use contraceptive if they: had no education (aOR = 0.4, 95% CI: 0.38-0.44), had no children (aOR=0.27-0.42), not told of family planning at a health facility (aOR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.67-0.71), not heard of family planning in the media (aOR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.74-0.79) and being poor (aOR=0.76, 95%CI: 0.73-0.79). On the other hand, women were more likely to use modern contraceptive if they were between the age of 35-39 years (aOR=1.69, 95%CI: 0.73-0.79), married (aOR=2.66, 95%CI: 2.50-2.83), had seven or more children (aOR=1.27, 95%CI:1.17-0.38), had knowledge of any method of contraceptives (aOR=303.8, 95%CI: 89.9-1027.5) and when field worker visited and talked about family planning (aOR=1.53, 95%CI: 1.39-0.68).Conclusion: The study showed a low prevalence of modern contraceptive use in Sub-Sahara Africa. Findings from the study highlight the need to provide education to women to increase uptake of contraceptive use and also re-enforce contraceptive interventions to improve women’s health and well-being.
Remote Data Possession Checking Scheme with Supporting Efficient Group User Authority Management for Shared Cloud Data
Authors: Yuan Yilin , Zhang Jianbiao , Xu Wanshan , Wang Xiao , Liu Yanhui 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Under the shared big data environment, most of the existing data auditing schemes rarely consider the authorization management of group users. Meanwhile, how to deal with the shared data integrity is a problem that needs to be pondered. Thus, in this paper, we propose a novel remote data checking possession scheme which achieves group authority management while completing the public auditing. To perform authority management work, we introduce a trusted entity – group manager. We formalize a new algebraic structure operator named authorization invisible authenticator (AIA). Meanwhile, we provide two versions of AIA scheme: basic AIA scheme and standard AIA scheme. The standard AIA scheme is constructed based on the basic AIA scheme and user information table (UIT), with advanced security and wider applicable scenarios. By virtue of standard AIA scheme, the group manager can perfectly and easily carry out authority management, including enrolling, revoking, updating. On the basis of the above, we further design a public auditing scheme for non-revoked users’ shared data. The scheme is based on identity-based encryption (IBE), which greatly reduce the necessary certificate management cost. Furthermore, the detailed security analysis and performance evaluation demonstrate that the scheme is safe and feasible.
Complex Energies of the Coherent Logitudinal Optical Phonon-plasmon Coupled Mode According to Dynamic Mode Decomposition Analysis
Authors: Sakata Itsushi , Sakata Takuya , Mizoguchi Kohji , Tanaka Satoshi , Oohata Goro , Akai Ichiro , Igarashi Yasuhiko , Nagano Yoshihiro , Okada Masato 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In a dissipative quantum system, we report the dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) analysis of damped oscillation signals. We used a reflection-type pump-probe method to observe time-domain signals, including the coupled modes of long-lived longitudinal optical phonons and quickly damped plasmons (LOPC) at various pump powers. The Fourier transformed spectra of the observed damped oscillation signals show broad and asymmetric modes, making it difficult to evaluate their frequencies and damping rates. We then used DMD to analyze the damped oscillation signals by precisely determining their frequencies and damping rates. We successfully identified the LOPC modes. The obtained frequencies and damping rates were shown to depend on the pump power, which implies photoexcited carrier density. We compared the pump-power dependence of the frequencies and damping rates of the LOPC modes with the carrier density dependence of the complex eigen-energies of the coupled modes by using the non-Hermitian phenomenological effective Hamiltonian. Good agreement was obtained between the observed and calculated dependences, demonstrating that DMD is an effective alternative to Fourier analysis which often fails to estimate effective damping rates.
Quantum Networks and Symmetries
Authors: Hansenne Kiara , xu Zhen-Peng , Kraft Tristan , Gühne Otfried 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Quantum networks are promising tools for the implementation of long-range quantum communication. The characterization of quantum correlations in networks and their usefulness for information processing is therefore central for the progress of the field, but so far only results for small basic network structures or pure quantum states are known. Here we show that symmetries provide a versatile tool for the analysis of correlations in quantum networks. We provide an analytical approach to characterize correlations in large network structures with arbitrary topologies. As examples, we show that entangled quantum states with a bosonic or fermionic symmetry can not be generated in networks; moreover, cluster and graph states are not accessible. Our methods can be used to design certification methods for the functionality of specific links in a network and have implications for the design of future network structures.
Investigating Casual Associations among Gut Microbiota, Metabolites and Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Yu Jin-Tai , Ning Jing , Huang Shu-Yi , Chen Shi-Dong , Yang Yu-Xiang , Dong Qiang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background

Recent studies had explored that the gut microbiota was associated with neurodegenerative diseases (including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)) through the gut-brain axis, among which metabolic pathways played an important role. However, the underlying causality remained unclear. Our study aimed to evaluate potential causal relationships between gut microbiota, metabolites and neurodegenerative diseases through Mendelian randomization (MR) approach.
Methods

We selected genetic variants associated with gut microbiota traits (N = 18340) and gut microbiota-derived metabolites (N = 7824) from genome-wide association studies (GWASs). Summary statistics of neurodegenerative diseases were obtained from IGAP (AD: 17008 cases; 37154 controls), IPDGC (PD: 37 688 cases; 141779 controls) and IALSC (ALS: 20806 cases; 59804 controls) respectively.
Results

A total of 19 gut microbiota traits were found to be causally associated with risk of neurodegenerative diseases, including 1 phylum, 2 classes, 2 orders, 2 families and 12 genera. We found genetically predicted greater abundance of Ruminococcus, at genus level (OR:1.245, 95%CI:1.103,1.405; P = 0.0004) was significantly related to higher risk of ALS. We also found suggestive association between 12 gut microbiome-dependent metabolites and neurodegenerative diseases. For serotonin pathway, our results revealed serotonin as protective factor of PD, and kynurenine as risk factor of ALS. Besides, reduction of glutamine was found causally associated with occurrence of AD.
Conclusions

Our study firstly applied a two-sample MR approach to detect causal relationships among gut microbiota, gut metabolites and the risk of AD, PD and ALS, and we revealed several causal relationships. These findings may provide new targets for treatment of these neurodegenerative diseases, and may offer valuable insights for further researches on the underlying mechanisms.
UCP1 modulates Immune Infiltration Level and Survival Outcome in Ovarian Cancer Patients
Authors: Huang Jinfa , Wang Guilian , Liao Kedan , Deng Kaixian 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe uncoupling proteins (UCPs) are critical genes associated with tumorigenesis and chemoresistance. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism of the UCPs in ovarian cancer (OV). Material and methodsUCPs expression analysis was conducted using Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), and its potential in clinical prognosis was analyzed using Kaplan- Meier analyses. The influence of UCPs on immune infiltration was analyzed by TIMER. In addition, the correlation between UCPs expression and molecular mechanisms was investigated by TIMER and Cancer Single-cell State Atlas (CancerSEA). ResultsUCP1, UCP2, UCP3 and UCP5 expression levels correlated with a favorable prognosis and tumor progression. Moreover, UCP1 expression correlated to several immune cell markers and regulated tumorigenesis, such as tumor invasion, EMT, metastasis and DNA repair. In addition, UCP1 potentially involved in genes expression of SNAI2, MMP2, BRCA1 and PARP1. ConclusionsThese results implied a critical role of UCP1 in the prognosis and immune infiltration of ovarian cancer. In addition, UCP1 expression participated in regulating multiple oncogenes and tumorigenesis.
Is it necessary to monitor the serum luteinizing hormone(LH) concentration on the human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) day among young women during the follicular-phase long protocol? ：A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Zhang Wenjuan , Liu Zhaozhao , Liu Manman , Li Jiaheng , Guan Yichun 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
The normal physiological function of LH requires a certain concentration range, but because of pituitary desensitization, even on the HCG day, endogenous levels of LH are low in the follicular-phase long protocol. So our study aimed to determine whether it is necessary to monitor serum LH concentrations and to determine whether there is an optimal LH range to achieve the desired clinical outcome.
Methods
A retrospective cohort study included 4503 cycles of in vitro fertilization (IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) units from January 1, 2016, to June 30, 2019, in a single department. The main outcome measures included retrieved eggs, available embryos, live birth rate.
Results
Divided the LHHCG into five groups: Group A (LH ≤ 0.5), Group B (0.5 IU/L < LH ≤ 1.2 IU/L), Group C (1.2 IU/L < LH ≤ 2.0 IU/L), Group D (2.0 IU/L < LH ≤ 5.0 IU/L), Group E (LH > 5 IU/L). In terms of the numbers of retrieved eggs, embryos, high-quality embryos and diploid fertilized oocytes, an increase of the LHHCG level showed a trend of a gradual decrease. However, there was no significant difference in clinical outcomes among the groups.By adjusting for confounding factors, with an increase in LHHCG, the number of retrieved eggs decreased.
Conclusion
In the follicular-phase long protocol among young women, monitoring of LHHCG are recommended in the clinical guidelines. What’s more, those who undergo Preimplantation Genetic Testing(PGT) may benefit more when the LH level is controlled within a certain range.
Lateral approach for scaphoid excision and capitolunate arthrodesis in the treatment of scapholunate advanced collapse and scaphoid nonunion advanced collapse wrists
Authors: Huang Hui-Kuang , Huang Yi-Chao , Wu Chin-Hsien , Yin Cheng-Yu , Wang Jung-Pan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background

Four-corner arthrodesis (4-CA) is an effective treatment for scapholunate advanced collapse (SLAC) and scaphoid nonunion advanced collapse (SNAC). Capitolunate arthrodesis is an alternative option that limits intercarpal fusion. We propose a lateral approach using a small incision over the scaphoid anatomic snuffbox, which could be a straightforward method for performing scaphoid excision and capitolunate arthrodesis. This approach would be beneficial for shortening the operative time, facilitating bone healing, and improving wrist motion.
Methods

Between 2016 and 2020, eight patients were enrolled retrospectively and underwent the lateral approach for scaphoid excision and capitolunate arthrodesis. We presented the radiographic outcomes, including fusion status, capitolunate angle, and carpal height ratio. The functional outcomes of wrist range of motion, grip strength, pain, Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (QuickDASH) score, and Mayo wrist score were evaluated.
Results

Fusion could be achieved, without complications, in all eight patients, and the mean follow-up period was 22.4 months (12–38 months). Five operations were completed within 1 h and 30 min. Postoperatively, the mean capitolunate angle and carpal height ratio improved from 19.6o to 2.4o and 0.44–0.51%, respectively. At the final follow-up, the average flexion-extension arc was 76.3o, visual analogue scale for pain was 0.9, QuickDASH score was 26.4, and Mayo wrist score was 72.5.
Conclusions

The lateral approach for scaphoid excision and capitoluante arthrodesis in treating SLAC and SNAC could have several advantages, including easy performance since it is similar to the open method and the lack of need for dorsal wrist opening and closure, which may preserve surrounding circulation, avoid the formation of a dorsal scar, and mimic the advantages of arthroscopic treatment.
Uncertainty Quantification and Bayesian Active Learning for Rupture Life Prediction in Ferritic-Martensitic Steels
Authors: Mamun Osman , Taufique M.F.N. , Wenzlick Madison , Hawk Jeffrey , Devanathan Ram 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Three probabilistic methodologies are developed for predicting the long-term creep rupture life of 9−12 𝑤𝑡% 𝐶𝑟 ferritic-martensitic steels using their chemical and processing parameters. The framework developed in this research strives to simultaneously make efficient inference along with associated risk, i.e., the uncertainty of estimation. The study highlights the limitations of applying probabilistic machine learning to model creep life and provides suggestions as to how this might be alleviated to make an efficient and accurate model with the evaluation of epistemic uncertainty of each prediction. Based on extensive experimentation, Gaussian Process Regression yielded more accurate inference (𝑃𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠𝑜𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡> 0.95 for the holdout test set) in addition to meaningful uncertainty estimate (i.e., coverage ranges from 94 – 98% for the test set) as compared to quantile regression and natural gradient boosting algorithm. Furthermore, the possibility of an active learning framework to iteratively explore the material space intelligently was demonstrated by simulating the experimental data collection process. This framework can be subsequently deployed to improve model performance or to explore new alloy domains with minimal experimental effort.