bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparing the playing field: climate club governance of the G20, Climate and Clean Air Coalition, and Under2 Coalition
Authors: Unger Charlotte , Thielges Sonja 
Published: August 2021

AbstractInternational climate policy is increasingly shaped by alternative forms of governance. Coalitions of national, subnational, and/or non-state actors have the potential to address the global challenge of climate change beyond the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) process. While initially such “clubs” spurred hope that they could be an option to achieve climate action more effectively than the UNFCCC, more recently, their role has been seen as preparing and orchestrating climate policy. In spite of its conceptual proliferation, literature on climate clubs stops short in examining practical evidence and conducting analyses beyond categorization and labelling of climate clubs. This article aims at contributing to filling this gap with a comparative perspective on three specific governance initiatives that act on different governance levels: the G20, the Climate and Clean Air Coalition (CCAC), and the Under2 Coalition. What contribution do these club-like initiatives make to global climate governance and how does it relate to existing structures such as the Paris Agreement and the UNFCCC process? Our paper applies central aspects of clubs research, namely,membership,public goods, and theprovision of additional benefitsas an analytical framework to examine the three cases. We find that these club initiatives, though highly diverse in their origin and membership, make a similar contribution to international climate governance. Their largest contribution lies in preparing emissions reductions through raising awareness, orchestrating different actors and actions, and establishing a large cooperation network. They complement the UNFCCC and especially the Paris Agreement.
Background of fatal pulmonary embolism: an analysis of all diagnosed fatal pulmonary embolism in 2015–2018 from Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa
Authors: Antero Sane Markus 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPulmonary embolism (PE) mortality has decreased in the last decades but acute PE is still associated with significant fatality. Specific information on fatal PE patients could guide how to efficiently improve PE management but to date this information has been scarce. All the individuals with PE defined as an immediate or underlying cause of death were collected from the death certificate archive of the Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa, Finland, including approximately 1.7 million inhabitants (2015–2018). Crude and age-adjusted mortality rates and proportional mortality were calculated, and the distribution of comorbidities at death and death location (in-hospital, palliative care, or out-of-hospital) was analyzed. In total, 451 individuals with fatal PE were identified (238 females) with a mean age of 72 years (SD 13.5 year). Most of the fatal PEs (n = 264, 54.5%) occurred out-of-hospital and surprisingly, 70 (26.5%) of these individuals s had a history of mental illness or substance abuse. The out-of-hospital resuscitation was attempted in 108 (40.1%) individuals but only 7 (6.5%) received thrombolysis during resuscitation. Fatal PE occurred during hospitalization in 98 individuals and in 54 (55.1%), the diagnosis was only made postmortem. Majority of the fatal PEs occurred out-of-hospital and were diagnosed postmortem whereas only small proportion of deaths occurred to in-hospital PE patients. The earlier diagnosis of PE, which may be accomplished by raising the general awareness of PE, is necessary to prevent these sudden deaths of whom many occurred to individuals with history of mental illnesses or substance abuse.
The rhythm of effective entrepreneurs’ decision-making process. The pathways of alertness scanning and search and cognitive style. A mediation model
Authors: Sassetti Sara , Cavaliere Vincenzo , Lombardi Sara 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHow can entrepreneurs be effective when making decisions? To enrich current research on entrepreneurship and cognition, the present study shows how alertness and decision making are closely related. Prompted by the scant attention that scholars have paid to the link between alertness and the pathways of entrepreneurs’ thought, it proposes that being alert by adequately scanning and searching for information is likely to increase decision-making effectiveness. Distinguishing between rational and intuitive cognitive styles and based on a sample of 98 Italian entrepreneurs from small and medium manufacturing companies, the analysis shows that while a rational cognitive style significantly mediated the relationship, intuition did not play a role in shaping entrepreneurial decision-making effectiveness. The results suggest that developing individual alertness might not be sufficient for entrepreneurs to make effective decisions; a rational cognitive style might also be a key mechanism shaping this association.
Perfectionism Patterns, Dark Personality, and Exercise Addiction Trend in High-Intensity Sports
Authors: González-Hernández J. , Baños R. , Morquecho-Sánchez R. , Pineda-Espejel H. A. , Chamorro J. L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe present work tries to describe the relationships among perfectionism, dark traits of personality, and exercise addiction and according to highly intense sports. Following research on perfectionism in sport, its dysfunctional facet is based on a continuous and negative cognitive-evaluative judgement about the difficulties to achieve the accomplishment of tasks or behaviors that improve their sport performance, describing how athletes configure altered thoughts or cognitive resources in their sport experiences. The Spanish versions of the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, the Short Dark Triad Scale, and the Exercise Addiction Inventory were applied in a sample of 462 Spanish amateur athletes (39.6% women and 60.4% men). The findings show that a more maladaptive perfectionist pattern (concern over mistakes and external criticism) is related to higher levels of dark personality traits and a greater risk of exercise addiction. However, there are no differences between runners and CrossFit users on the subject of perfectionism, dark traits, and exercise addiction scores.
Top 3 abstracts concerning hormone-receptor-positive early breast cancer
Authors: Gampenrieder Simon Peter , Rinnerthaler Gabriel , Greil Richard 
Published: August 2021

SummaryThe three top abstracts at the 2020 virtual San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium regarding hormone-receptor-positive early breast cancer, from our point of view, were the long-awaited results from PenelopeBand RxPONDER as well as the data from the ADAPT trial of the West German Study Group. PenelopeBfailed to show any benefit by adjuvant palbociclib when added to standard endocrine therapy in patients without pathologic complete response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. RxPONDER demonstrated that postmenopausal patients with early hormone receptor positive (HR+)/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative (HER2−) breast cancer, 1–3 positive lymph nodes and an Oncotype DX Recurrence Score of less than 26 can safely be treated with endocrine therapy alone. In contrast, in premenopausal women with positive nodes, adjuvant chemotherapy plays still a role even in case of low genomic risk. Whether the benefit by chemotherapy is mainly an indirect endocrine effect and if ovarian function suppression would be similarly effective, is still a matter of debate. The HR+/HER2− part of the ADAPT umbrella trial investigated the role of a Ki-67 response to a short endocrine therapy before surgery in addition to Oncotype DX—performed on the pretreatment biopsy—to identify low-risk patients who can safely forgo adjuvant chemotherapy irrespective of menopausal status.
Assessment of oil-producing wells by means of stimulation approach through matrix acidizing: a case study in the Azraq region
Authors: Al-Mahasneh Mehaysen , Al Rabadi Said , Khaswaneh Hussam 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe acidizing approach belongs to the well workover operations, where acid mixtures are initially implemented to treat damage near the wellbore area after drilling operations have been completed. Acidizing treatment is characterized by removal of fine particles and debris from the porous media of the damaged zone, hence leading to improve oil production from wells. This study evaluates the assessment of the acidizing treatment in vertical oil-producing wells. Gradually, the damage formation was reduced and then eliminated, and to a great extent, was compensated with the better performance of oil production from reservoirs. Target candidate wells were enriched by environmentally friendly additives and special chemicals, in predefined amounts, to achieve enhanced oil production rates from wells. A semi-analytical model was formulated for extrapolating the skin magnitude, depending on the damage formation’s permeability parameter as well as on the physical characteristics and reservoir depth. The figures of skin magnitude for all target wells were decreased, and oil production rates were enhanced after performing the matrix acidizing process. These findings are valid for diverse geological settings of different formations, as all treated intervals within the investigated wells have shown an objective response to the matrix acidizing approach. Eventually, productivity rates are imperative to increase potential economic outcomes.
Update zur Einschätzung des Anti-Müller-Hormons (AMH) als Marker der ovariellen Reserve
Authors: Rebhan D. , Bachmann A. 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungDas Anti-Müller-Hormon (AMH) wird in der klinischen Praxis immer häufiger auch isoliert als Marker für die ovarielle Reserve bestimmt. Für die richtige Interpretation der Werte ist es wichtig, Einflussfaktoren zu kennen und zu unterscheiden, was der Wert aussagen kann und was nicht.
An experimental comparison of rebate and matching in charitable giving: The case of Japan
Authors: Sasaki Shusaku , Kurokawa Hirofumi , Ohtake Fumio 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study uses a Japanese nationwide sample and experimentally compares rebate and matching, both of which are schemes intended to lower the price of monetary donation. Standard economic theory predicts that the two schemes will have the same effect on individuals’ donation behavior when their donation price is equivalent. However, we conduct an incentivized economic experiment through the Internet on 2300 Japanese residents, and find that matching, which lowers the donation price by adding a contribution from a third-party, increases individuals’ donation expenditures compared to rebate, which lowers it through a refund from a third-party. The experimental result shows that the donation expenditure in a 50% rebate treatment drops by approximately 126 Japanese yen compared to the control, while in a 1:1 matching treatment with essentially the same price of donation as the 50% rebate, the expenditure conversely rises by approximately 56 Japanese yen. This tendency is consistent with the results of previous experimental studies comparing the two schemes. We further empirically confirm that the superiority of 1:1 matching over 50% rebate is not conclusively influenced by the participants’ confusion or misunderstanding, or budget constraint lines’ difference between the two schemes. Although the Japanese government has previously enriched rebate’s content, the level of monetary donations by the Japanese people is still low on an international scale. Based on this study’s findings, we discuss the possibility that implementing matching into the society effectively encourages their donation behavior.
Bat intrusions at a tertiary care center in Iowa, 2018–2020
Authors: Alsuhaibani Mohammed A. , Dains Angelique , Kobayashi Takaaki , Sheeler Lorinda L. , Trannel Alexandra , Holley Stephanie , Marra Alexandre R. , Abosi Oluchi J. , Jenn Kyle E. , Meacham Holly , Etienne William , Kukla Mary E. , Millard Bill , Wellington Melanie , Diekema Daniel J. , Salinas Jorge L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe described the epidemiology of bat intrusions into a hospital and subsequent management of exposures during 2018–2020. Most intrusions occurred in older buildings during the summer and fall months. Hospitals need bat intrusion surveillance systems and protocols for bat handling, exposure management, and intrusion mitigation.
Developmental change during a speciation event: evidence from planktic foraminifera
Authors: Vanadzina Karina , Schmidt Daniela N. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractStudies in extant populations have shown that plasticity in developmental trajectories can contribute to the origin of novel traits and species divergence via the expression of previously cryptic variation in response to environmental change. Finding evidence for plasticity-led evolution in the fossil record remains challenging due to the poor preservation of developmental stages in many organisms. Planktic foraminifera are ideally suited for addressing this knowledge gap, because adult organisms in species in which development has been studied retain information about all the ontogenetic stages they have undergone. Here we map changes in the developmental trajectories of 68 specimens in the Globorotalia plesiotumida–tumida lineage of planktic foraminifera from the late Miocene until Recent using high-resolution computer tomography techniques. Our unique dataset shows that the transition from the ancestral G. plesiotumida to the descendant G. tumida is preceded by an increased variability in total cumulative volume—an important indicator of reproductive success in this taxon. We also find that the transition interval is marked by a distinct shift in developmental trajectory, which supports a rapid lineage division rather than gradual change. We suggest that high levels of plasticity—particularly in the early stages of development—have contributed to divergence in the ancestral morphology when subjected to a global cooling trend in the late Miocene. The large variation in developmental trajectories that we uncover within our samples emphasizes the need for high-throughput approaches in studies of ontogenetic change in the fossil record.
EVOLUTION OF RADIOCARBON CALIBRATION
Authors: Reimer Paula J 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTIn the late 1950s it was recognized that levels of atmospheric radiocarbon (14C) had not been constant over time. Since then, researchers have sought to document those changes, initially through measurements of known age tree rings and more recently using other archives to create curves to correct or calibrate radiocarbon ages to calendar ages. This paper highlights some, but by no means all, of the efforts to create and extend radiocarbon calibration curves.
ON CERTAIN PRODUCTS OF PERMUTABLE SUBGROUPS
Authors: BALLESTER-BOLINCHES A. , MADANHA S. Y. , MUDZIIRI SHUMBA T. M. , PEDRAZA-AGUILERA M. C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we study the structure of finite groups
$G=AB$
which are a weakly mutually
$sn$
-permutable product of the subgroups A and B, that is, A permutes with every subnormal subgroup of B containing
$A \cap B$
and B permutes with every subnormal subgroup of A containing
$A \cap B$
. We obtain generalisations of known results on mutually
$sn$
-permutable products.
Acute feeding has minimal effect on the validity of body composition and metabolic measures: dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and a multi-compartment model
Authors: Smith-Ryan Abbie E. , Brewer Gabrielle , Gould Lacey M. , Blue Malia N.M. , Hirsch Katie R. , Greenwalt Casey E. , Harrison Courtney , Cabre Hannah E. , Ryan Eric D. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the effects of acute feeding on body composition and metabolic measures is essential to the translational component and practical application of measurement and clinical use. To investigate the influence of acute feeding on the validity of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), a four-compartment model (4C) and indirect calorimetry metabolic outcomes, thirty-nine healthy young adults (n 19 females; age: 21·8 (sd 3·1) years, weight; 71·5 (sd 10·0) kg) participated in a randomised cross-over study. Subjects were provided one of four randomised meals on separate occasions (high carbohydrate, high protein, ad libitum or fasted baseline) prior to body composition and metabolic assessments. Regardless of macronutrient content, acute feeding increased DXA percent body fat (%fat) for the total sample and females (average constant error (CE):–0·30 %; total error (TE): 2·34 %), although not significant (P = 0·062); the error in males was minimal (CE: 0·11 %; TE: 0·86 %). DXA fat mass (CE: 0·26 kg; TE: 0·75 kg) and lean mass (LM) (CE: 0·83 kg; TE: 1·23 kg) were not altered beyond measurement error for the total sample. 4C %fat was significantly impacted from all acute feedings (avg CE: 0·46 %; TE: 3·7 %). 4C fat mass (CE: 0·71 kg; TE: 3·38 kg) and fat-free mass (CE: 0·55 kg; TE: 3·05 kg) exceeded measurement error for the total sample. RMR was increased for each feeding condition (TE: 1666·9 kJ/d; 398 kcal/d). Standard pre-testing fasting guidelines may be important when evaluating DXA and 4C %fat, whereas additional DXA variables (fat mass and LM) may not be significantly impacted by an acute meal. Measuring body composition via DXA under less stringent pre-testing guidelines may be valid and increase feasibility of testing in clinical settings.
Mawson’s views on use of natural resources in the Antarctic and sub-Antarctic
Authors: Shaughnessy Peter D. , Pharaoh Mark 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Sir Douglas Mawson is a well-known Antarctic explorer and scientist. Early in his career, he recognised opportunities for commerce in Antarctic and sub-Antarctic regions. While at Cape Denison, Antarctica, in 1913 on the Australasian Antarctic Expedition (AAE), the Adelie Blizzard magazine was produced. Mawson contributed articles about Antarctic natural resources and their possible use. Later, he advocated Australia be involved in pelagic whaling. He collected seal skins and oil for their commercial value to be assessed by the Hudson’s Bay Company. During the AAE, Mawson visited Macquarie Island where an oiling gang was killing southern elephant seals and royal penguins. Mawson was concerned that they were over-exploited and lobbied successfully to stop the killing. His plans for Macquarie Island included a wildlife sanctuary, with a party to supervise access, send meteorological observations to Australia and New Zealand, and be self-funded by harvesting elephant seals and penguins. Macquarie Island was declared a sanctuary in 1933. Although Mawson has been recognised as an early proponent of conservation, his views on conservation of living natural resources were inconsistent. They should be placed in their historical context: in the early twentieth century, utilisation of living natural resources was viewed more favourably than currently.
Habitat-dependent effects of predatory spiders on prey frogs in a Neotropical wet forest
Authors: Folt Brian , Guyer Craig 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn seasonal wet Neotropical forests, many studies have suggested that species-rich terrestrial frog assemblages are regulated bottom-up by the abundance of leaf litter. However, terrestrial frogs are prey to a diverse community of predators, and no studies have tested for top-down effects of predators on this or other anuran assemblages. Here, we used an extensive field dataset to model the relative contribution of food resources, microhabitat resources and predators towards the occupancy and detection of two frog species (Craugastor bransfordiiandOophaga pumilio) at La Selva, Costa Rica. Frog occupancy was most strongly influenced by predatory spiders and secondarily influenced by the abundance of leaf litter. Predators exerted stronger effects on frogs than food resources, and frogs avoided predators more as leaf litter decreased. Detection probability was elevated when predators were present. We found support for bottom-up effects of leaf litter on the terrestrial frog assemblage, but top-down effects by predators exerted stronger effects on frog occupancy and detection. Because predator avoidance varied along a resource gradient, predator and resource effects appear to be dependent, supporting interactions between top-down and bottom-up mechanisms. Climate-driven decreases in leaf litter may drive decreased availability of frog refugia and increased interactions between frogs and predators.
The Effectiveness of Different E-Learning Modalities in Enhancing Neonatal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: Principles, Knowledge, and Communication Skills of Undergraduate Paramedic Students
Authors: Yaylaci Serpil , Guven Feray 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroduction:Paramedic students should have the crucial cognitive and psychomotor skills related to neonatal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (N-CPR).Study Objective:The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of blended learning on the theoretical knowledge and preliminary knowledge of the psychomotor skills, adherence to the algorithm, and teamwork in simulation-based education (SBE) of N-CPR.Methods:This randomized, prospective study was conducted on 60 fourth-semester paramedic students. The participants were separated into two groups following a classroom lecture. Each group was assigned either a slide presentation (Group 1; SP-G) or a video clip (Group 2; V-G). All the participants answered multiple-choice questions (MCQs) and each group (Group 1 and Group 2) was divided into 10 sub-groups. These sub-groups were then tested in an observational performance evaluation (OPE) consisting of a neonatal asphyxia megacode scenario, after the classroom lecture and following the blended learning process.Results:Group performance, teamwork, communication skills, and adherence to the algorithm were evaluated. There was a significant difference in the MCQ and OPE results between the after classroom lecture and after blended learning for both groups. The average score of Group 2 was higher than Group 1 in the MCQ results (Mann-Whitney U test; P <.001). The average score of Group 2 was higher than Group 1 in the OPE results (Mann-Whitney U test; P = .002).Conclusion:Blended learning, especially video clips, in adjunction with the classroom lecture were effective in acquiring and developing both technical and non-technical skills among paramedic students in SBE of N-CPR training.