bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive function and emotional vulnerability in metastatic breast cancer: Moderating effects of age and social support
Authors: Dobretsova Anna , Derakshan Nazanin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivePrevious literature has established a relationship between cognitive function and symptoms of anxiety, depression, and post‐traumatic stress in primary breast cancer, but not in metastatic breast cancer (MBC). The current study examined the relationship between cognitive function and symptoms of anxiety, depression, and post‐traumatic stress as well as the moderating effects of age, time since MBC diagnosis, and social support.MethodsSubjective and objective measures of cognitive function as well as self‐reports of emotional vulnerability were completed by 59 women diagnosed with MBC who were recruited through social media and support groups.ResultsEmotional vulnerability scores were associated with perceived measures of cognitive function. Additionally, low levels of perceived cognitive function were met with increased levels of depression with social support moderating this relationship buffering against depression. Age was found to moderate the relationship between cognitive function and post‐traumatic stress with younger women at a greater risk of vulnerability. Out of all the emotional vulnerability measures, only anxiety negatively correlated with objective task performance.ConclusionsThis study established a relationship between cognitive function and emotional vulnerability in MBC patients. It emphasised how vulnerable younger MBC women are to post‐traumatic stress, and the importance of the combined effects of cognitive function and social support in buffering against depression. Our results have important implications for developing new interventions and treatment plans that consider the roles of these factors in ensuring a better quality of life in MBC.
Horizon scanning to assess the bioclimatic potential for the alien species Spodoptera eridania and its parasitoids after pest detection in West and Central Africa
Authors: Tepa‐Yotto Ghislain T , Gouwakinnou Gérard N , Fagbohoun Johannes R , Tamò Manuele , Sæthre May‐Guri 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe southern armyworm (SAW) Spodoptera eridania (Stoll) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is native to the tropical Americas where the pest can feed on more than 100 plant species. SAW was recently detected in West and Central Africa, feeding on various crops including cassava, cotton, amaranth and tomato. The current work was carried out to predict the potential spatial distribution of SAW and four of its co‐evolved parasitoids at a global scale using the maximum entropy (Maxent) algorithm.RESULTSSAW may not be a huge problem outside its native range (the Americas) for the time being, but may compromise crop yields in specific hotspots in coming years. The analysis of its potential distribution anticipates that the pest might easily migrate east and south from Cameroon and Gabon.CONCLUSIONThe models used generally demonstrate that all the parasitoids considered are good candidates for the biological control of SAW globally, except they will not be able to establish in specific climates. The current paper discusses the potential role of biological control using parasitoids as a crucial component of a durable climate‐smart integrated management of SAW to support decision making in Africa and in other regions of bioclimatic suitability. © 2021 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
How has Science Education changed over the last 100 years? An analysis using natural language processing
Authors: Odden Tor Ole B. , Marin Alessandro , Rudolph John L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFor well over a century, the journal Science Education has been publishing articles about the teaching and learning of science. These articles represent more than just a repository of past work: they have the potential to offer insights into both the history of science education as well as well as the dynamics of field‐specific change. It can be difficult, however, for educators, researchers, reformers, and policymakers to grasp the nuances of over 100 years of scholarship given the overwhelming amount of textual material. To address this problem, we have used latent Dirichlet allocation, an automated machine‐learning algorithm from the field of natural language processing, to perform an automated literature review and classification of the corpus of work in Science Education. Using this technique, we have classified research in the journal into 21 distinct topics, falling into three thematic groups: science content topics, teaching‐focused topics, and student‐focused topics. We have also quantified the rise and fall of these topics and groups over time, and used them to begin to extract insight into the development of the field, including the effects of national policy changes on topics of interest to the research community, the interrelationships between different research topics, and the effects of intellectual cross‐pollination. Based on this analysis, we argue that this technique shows great promise for even larger‐scale analyses of educational literature and other textual data.
“The Awe is In the Process”: The nature and impact of professional scientists' experiences of awe
Authors: Cuzzolino Megan P. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn recent years, there has been a call in the research for greater attention to the role of affect in science learning and practice. Awe, which is characterized in the literature as an emotion that facilitates learning and motivates an orientation toward something larger than the self, appears frequently in scientists' descriptions of their work. Empirical evidence also suggests that awe has a unique relationship with scientific reasoning. However, this evidence comes primarily from tightly controlled laboratory research, a methodology that limits our ability to investigate more authentic manifestations of awe and any lingering effects that may extend beyond the initial moment of experience. This study, a qualitative analysis of interviews with professional scientists (n = 30), advances our understanding of the conditions that are likely to elicit awe in the context of scientific practice as well as the perceived impact of those experiences. For study participants, the emotion of awe was deeply connected to the process of learning and to personal moments of discovery. Scientists described their awe experiences as contributing to shifts in their perspective or worldview, including a greater appreciation for the vastness and complexity of the universe. In addition, participants reported that awe served as an important source of motivation for their continued pursuit of the work. The findings indicate that authentic inquiry and metacognition, which we already recognize as critical pedagogical practices for encouraging scientific reasoning, are just as valuable for helping students to experience the affective dimensions of the discipline.
Giving a little to many or a lot to a few? The returns to variety in corporate philanthropy
Authors: Seo Haram , Luo Jiao , Kaul Aseem 
Published: May 2021

AbstractResearch SummaryWe examine the returns to specialization versus variety in corporate philanthropy. Acknowledging the theoretical rationale for both a specialist and a generalist approach to philanthropy, we took a question‐driven, abductive approach, and found a robust positive association between philanthropic variety and firm profitability for donations by large US public corporations from 2003 to 2011. This association held for variety across causes but not within causes, for nonlocal giving and for giving by diversified firms, and was weaker for firms whose donations faced greater scrutiny. These findings are consistent with a moral hazard explanation whereby firms take advantage of the relatively inelastic support for philanthropy within a cause area by strategically spreading their donations across a wide range of supporter interests, thus maximizing profits.Managerial SummaryDo firms earn higher profits if they spread their philanthropic donations across many different causes, or if they concentrate them among a few? Examining donations by large US public corporations we found that firms earned higher returns when they gave to many different causes, holding the total amount of donations constant; that this relationship was primarily true for nonlocal giving and giving by multinational and multi‐business firms, and was weaker for firms under shareholder scrutiny or those that gave inconsistently over time. Our best explanation for these results is that supporters of corporate philanthropy care more about whether a firm gives to a cause than how much it gives, making it optimal for firms to give minimal amounts to a large variety of causes.
Endothelium‐Mimicking Surface Combats Thrombosis and Biofouling via Synergistic Long‐ and Short‐Distance Defense Strategy
Authors: Yu Han , Qiu Hua , Ma Wenmei , Maitz Manfred F. , Tu Qiufen , Xiong Kaiqin , Chen Jiang , Huang Nan , Yang Zhilu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThrombosis and infections are the main causes of implant failures (e.g., extracorporeal circuits and indwelling medical devices), which induce significant morbidity and mortality. In this work, an endothelium‐mimicking surface is engineered, which combines the nitric oxide (NO)‐generating property and anti‐fouling function of a healthy endothelium. The released gas signal molecules NO and the glycocalyx matrix macromolecules hyaluronic acid (HA) jointly combine long‐ and short‐distance defense actions against thrombogenicity and biofouling. The biomimetic surface is efficiently fabricated by cografting a NO‐generating species (i.e., Tri‐tert‐butyl 1,4,7,10‐Tetraazacyclododecane‐1,4,7,10‐tetraacetate‐chelated Cu2+, DTris@Cu) and the macromolecular HA on an aminated tube surface through one‐pot amide condensation chemistry. The active attack (i.e., NO release) and zone defense (i.e., HA tethering) system endow the tubing surface with significant inhibition of platelets, fibrinogen, and bacteria adhesion, finally leading to long‐term anti‐thrombogenic and anti‐fouling properties over 1 month. It is envisioned that this endothelium‐mimicking surface engineering strategy will provide a promising solution to address the clinical issues of long‐term blood‐contacting devices associated with thrombosis and infection.
Prenatal cardiac biometry and flow assessment in fetuses with bicuspid aortic valve at 20 weeks' gestation: multicenter cohort study
Authors: Vedel C. , Rode L. , Bundgaard H. , Iversen K. , Jørgensen F. S. , Petersen O. B. , Sillesen A.‐S. , Sundberg K. , Vejlstrup N. , Zingenberg H. , Tabor A. , Ekelund C. K. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo investigate prenatal changes in cardiac biometric and flow parameters in fetuses with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) diagnosed neonatally compared with controls with normal cardiac anatomy.MethodsThis analysis was conducted as part of the Copenhagen Baby Heart Study, a multicenter cohort study of 25 556 neonates that underwent second‐trimester anomaly scan at 18 + 0 to 22 + 6 weeks' gestation and neonatal echocardiography within 4 weeks after birth, in Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Hvidovre Hospital and Rigshospitalet in greater Copenhagen, between April 2016 and October 2018. From February 2017 (Rigshospitalet) and September 2017 (Herlev and Hvidovre hospitals), the protocol for second‐trimester screening of the heart was extended to include evaluation of the four‐chamber view, with assessment of flow across the atrioventricular valves, sagittal view of the aortic arch and midumbilical artery and ductus venosus pulsatility indices. All images were evaluated by two investigators, and cardiac biometric and flow parameters were measured and compared between cases with BAV and controls. All cases with neonatal BAV were assessed by a specialist. Maternal characteristics and first‐ and second‐trimester biomarkers were also compared between the two groups.ResultsFifty‐five infants with BAV and 8316 controls with normal cardiac anatomy were identified during the study period and assessed using the extended prenatal cardiac imaging protocol. There were three times as many mothers who smoked before pregnancy in the group with BAV as in the control group (9.1% vs 2.7%; P = 0.003). All other baseline characteristics were similar between the two groups. Fetuses with BAV, compared with controls, had a significantly larger diameter of the aorta at the level of the aortic valve (3.1 mm vs 3.0 mm (mean difference, 0.12 mm (95% CI, 0.03–0.21 mm))) and the pulmonary artery at the level of the pulmonary valve (4.1 mm vs 3.9 mm (mean difference, 0.15 mm (95% CI, 0.03–0.28 mm))). Following conversion of the diameter measurements of the aorta and pulmonary artery to Z‐scores and Bonferroni correction, the differences between the two groups were no longer statistically significant. Pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A (PAPP‐A) multiples of the median (MoM) was significantly lower in the BAV group than in the control group (0.85 vs 1.03; P = 0.04).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that fetuses with BAV may have a larger aortic diameter at the level of the aortic valve, measured in the left‐ventricular‐outflow‐tract view, and a larger pulmonary artery diameter at the level of the pulmonary valve, measured in the three‐vessel view, at 20 weeks' gestation. Moreover, we found an association of maternal smoking and low PAPP‐A MoM with BAV. © 2021 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Prevalence of nine genetic defects in Chinese Holstein cattle
Authors: Khan Md. Yousuf Ali , Omar Abdullah I. , He Yuwei , Chen Shaohu , Zhang Shengli , Xiao Wei , Zhang Yi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWorldwide use of elite sires has caused inbreeding accumulation and high frequencies of genetic defects in dairy cattle populations. In recent years, several genetic defect genes or haplotypes have been identified in Holstein cattle. A rapid and reliable microfluidic chip with Kompetitive allele‐specific PCR (KASP) assay was developed in our previous study for the detection of heterozygotes at eight genetic defect loci of bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency (BLAD), Brachyspina syndrome (BS), complex vertebral malformation (CVM), Holstein haplotype 1 (HH1), Holstein haplotype 3 (HH3), Holstein haplotype 4 (HH4), Holstein haplotype 5 (HH5) and haplotype for cholesterol deficiency (HCD). This study aimed to extend that assay to include a newly identified genetic defect of Holstein haplotype 6 (HH6) and to estimate the frequencies of carriers for each of the nine genetic defects in six Chinese Holstein herds. Of the 1633 cows, carrier frequencies of the genetic defects were 6.92%, 5.76%, 4.46%, 4.30%, 3.62%, 2.94%, 1.86% and 0.37% for HH1, HH3, CVM, HH5, HCD, BS, HH6 and BLAD, respectively. No carrier was found for HH4. Notably, 27.43% of cows carried at least one genetic defect, while 2.27% and 0.12% of cows carried double and triple genetic defect alleles, respectively. The existence of genetic defects calls for routine molecular testing and effective management of genetic defects by avoiding carrier‐to‐carrier mating in production herds and eliminating or at least reducing the frequency of the defective alleles through marker‐assisted selection in breeding herds.
Candida steatolytica causing systemic candidiasis in a group of African spurred tortoises (Centrochelys sulcata)
Authors: Keller Saskia , Kleiner Lukas , Ghielmetti Giovanni , Kipar Anja , Tahas Stamatios Alan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThree African spurred tortoises (Centrochelys sulcata) were referred for inappetence and lethargy of 1 week's duration. On presentation, one animal was confirmed dead and submitted for necropsy. The conspecifics were treated symptomatically for upper respiratory tract disease. The deceased individual tested negative for herpes‐, rana‐ and picornavirus but positive for Mycoplasma agassizii by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), however, without exhibiting pathological changes consistent with this infection. Instead, systemic mycosis was diagnosed, with isolation of Candida steatolytica. This allowed effective targeted treatment of the remaining animals. Candida steatolytica is commonly isolated from rotting fruits and has so far been rarely associated with clinical disease. In the present cases, the most likely source of infection was pruned vine shoots and leaves, which the tortoises had access to in their outdoor paddock. This case highlights the significance of rapid and comprehensive post‐mortem diagnostics with swift interdisciplinary communication to allow effective handling of challenging cases.
Artificial intelligence advances for de novo molecular structure modeling in cryo‐electron microscopy
Authors: Si Dong , Nakamura Andrew , Tang Runbang , Guan Haowen , Hou Jie , Firozi Ammaar , Cao Renzhi , Hippe Kyle , Zhao Minglei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCryo‐electron microscopy (cryo‐EM) has become a major experimental technique to determine the structures of large protein complexes and molecular assemblies, as evidenced by the 2017 Nobel Prize. Although cryo‐EM has been drastically improved to generate high‐resolution three‐dimensional maps that contain detailed structural information about macromolecules, the computational methods for using the data to automatically build structure models are lagging far behind. The traditional cryo‐EM model building approach is template‐based homology modeling. Manual de novo modeling is very time‐consuming when no template model is found in the database. In recent years, de novo cryo‐EM modeling using machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) has ranked among the top‐performing methods in macromolecular structure modeling. DL‐based de novo cryo‐EM modeling is an important application of artificial intelligence, with impressive results and great potential for the next generation of molecular biomedicine. Accordingly, we systematically review the representative ML/DL‐based de novo cryo‐EM modeling methods. Their significances are discussed from both practical and methodological viewpoints. We also briefly describe the background of cryo‐EM data processing workflow. Overall, this review provides an introductory guide to modern research on artificial intelligence for de novo molecular structure modeling and future directions in this emerging field.This article is categorized under:
Structure and Mechanism > Molecular Structures
Structure and Mechanism > Computational Biochemistry and Biophysics
Data Science > Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning
Deposited Dust
Authors: Al-Dousari Ali , Al-Dousari Noor 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA dust storm is meteorologically defined whenever visibility is less than 1,000 meters (Al-Kulaib 1990). Al-Dousari (2009) lists Kuwait as having one of the highest dust precipitation rates in the world. Safar (1980) states that the annual average number of dusty days due to dust storms or rising dust or suspended dust in Kuwait is 255.4. Forty-seven sampling sites representing all the geomorphological and sedimentological provinces in Kuwait were selected for the installation of dust traps to measure the average annual amount of deposited dust during 2009–2010 and 2010–2011 in tons.km-2.
Sugarcane Industry Expansion and Changing Rural Labour Regimes in Mato Grosso do Sul (2000–2016)
Authors: Lorenzen Kristina 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe objective of this chapter is to assess how the expanding production of biofuels as part of an emerging bioeconomy affects existing social inequalities in labour and land relations. A case study method was applied to investigate the growth of the sugarcane industry in Mato Grosso do Sul between 2000 and 2016. The analytical framework of social inequalities and a rural labour regime approach guided the research and data analysis. This chapter shows that the expansion of biofuels was propelled by an entanglement of global dynamics such as land grabbing and green development discourses, as well as national policies that fostered bioethanol production. The expansion of the sugarcane industry in Mato Grosso do Sul led to changes in existing labour regimes. The most striking changes were the increased but temporal semi-proletarianisation of peasants in agrarian reform settlements and the double exclusion of the Guarani-Kaiowá Indigenous people.
Sustaining the European Bioeconomy: The Material Base and Extractive Relations of a Bio-Based EU-Economy
Authors: Lühmann Malte 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis chapter explores the implications of a growing need for biomass inputs for the transnational relations of the European bioeconomy. In order to do so, transnational material flows into the European bioeconomy are analysed from a world systems perspective. This puts the European bioeconomy in relation to extractive economies mainly in the (semi-)peripheries of the capitalist world system. Most of the biomass consumed in the EU today is produced domestically, but imports represent 16% of total supply. Material flows in the form of commodity imports to the EU are analysed as extractive relations between the EU and its biomass suppliers. As the potential for increased domestic production in the EU is small, biomass imports are expected to become even more important in the context of a growing bioeconomy. The extractive relations constituted by existing material flows call into question the social and ecological sustainability of bioeconomy transition.
Tools of Extraction or Means of Speculation? Making Sense of Patents in the Bioeconomy
Authors: Braun Veit 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOver the last few decades, Europe has seen a rise in applications for “native trait” patents on conventionally bred plants. Based on expert interviews, participant observation, patent statistics and document analysis, this chapter discusses what constitutes the (potential) value of these patents for various stakeholders. Native trait patents are a legacy of biotech plant patents from the 1980s and 1990s but follow different material, legal and economic logics. Unlike GMO patents, it would be wrong to view them as tools with which to extract surplus value from farmers. Neither, however, are they simply a means to capture investment from stock markets. There is no single business model that could explain the rush of companies to apply for patents in conventional plant breeding; therefore, patents must be understood as complex value objects that fulfil different functions for different actors and that often defy their original purpose of stimulating and protecting innovation.
Repräsentation und Reflexion von Zeit in der Novellistik 1820–1850
Authors: Brössel Stephan 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungDie uneinheitliche Literatur im zweiten Drittel des 19. Jahrhunderts ist in einem Punkt erstaunlich homogen: in ihrem Bestreben nämlich, über Zeit nachzudenken. Indem sie den eigenen Status als Übergangsepoche entwirft, erhebt sie die Störung von Zeit zu einem ihrer kardinalen Verhandlungsgegenstände und erzeugt ein Konzept von ›Zukunft‹, das vor allem eines ist: vielgestaltig. So, wie der Realismus besessen ist vom Tod und die Frühe Moderne vom Leben, wie der Sturm und Drang von der Freiheit und die Romantik vom Ungenügen an der Realität – so ist die Zwischenphase besessen von der Reflexion von Zeit. Die Zeit als Störung, die Unsicherheit des Lebenslaufmodells und die Insuffizienz der eigenen Gegenwart, die regressive Orientierung an der Vergangenheit und der progressive Fortschrittsglaube – überhaupt: das fortwährende Nachdenken über Zeit und Zeitlichkeit, gebunden an die Erkenntnis, dass etwas vorbei ist, ohne dass etwas Anderes schon gefunden worden wäre oder sich etabliert hätte – allesdies zeichnet die literaturgeschichtliche Phase aus, die wir um 1820 ansetzen und um 1850 enden lassen und Zwischenphase nennen wollen. Zeitreflexion ist – dies die Grundidee der nachfolgenden Ausführungen – Dreh- und Angelpunkt eines weitreichenden und tiefgreifenden literar- und mentalitätshistorischen Wandels, der von der Zwischenphase als solcher wahrgenommen und verarbeitet wird.