bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Researchers’ experiences working with community advisory boards: How community member feedback impacted the research
Authors: Brockman Tabetha A. , Balls-Berry Joyce E. , West Ian W. , Valdez-Soto Miguel , Albertie Monica L. , Stephenson Noreen A. , Omar Farhia M. , Moore Mitch , Alemán Marty , Berry Pastor Albert , Karuppana Suganya , Patten Christi A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Introduction:
To assess researchers’ experiences working with community advisory boards (CABs) and perceptions of how community member stakeholder feedback impacted the research.

Methods:
Individual interviews were conducted with researchers (n= 34) who had presented their research to a Mayo Clinic CAB (at MN, AZ, or FL) from 2014 to 2017, with an average interview duration of 10–15 min. Researchers were asked “In what ways did the feedback you received from the CAB influence your research?” A validated, structured, 7-item interview was used to assess domains of the potential influence that CABs had on the research: (1) pre-research (e.g., generated ideas), (2) infrastructure (e.g., budget preparation), (3) research design, (4) implementation (e.g., research recruitment), (5) analysis, (6) dissemination, and (7) post-research. A total mean score was calculated with a possible range of 0–7. In addition, open-ended examples and feedback from researchers in response to each domain were summarized for themes using content analysis.

Results:
Researchers reported that the CAB influenced research in the following domains: pre-research (24%), infrastructure (24%), study design (41%), implementation (41%), analysis (6%), dissemination (24%), and post-research activities (18%). The mean total score was = 1.8 (SD = 1.7, range: 0–6). Open-ended responses revealed major themes of CAB helpfulness in generating/refining ideas, identifying community partners, culturally tailored and targeted recruitment strategies, intervention design and delivery, and dissemination.

Conclusion:
Findings from this preliminary evaluation indicate that despite positive experiences noted in open-ended feedback, the perceived quantitative impact of CAB feedback on the research was moderate. Bidirectional communication between researchers and community member stakeholders has the potential to make clinical and translational research more relevant and appropriate.
FISCAL PESSIMISM IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE: TOCQUEVILLE'S CROSS REVISITED
Authors: Cepeda Isabel , Fraile Balbín Pedro 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTThis paper explores Alexis de Tocqueville's thought on fiscal political economy as a forerunner of the modern school of preference falsification and rational irrationality in economic decision making. A good part of the literature has misrepresented Tocqueville as an unconditional optimist regarding the future of fiscal moderation under democracy. Yet, although he initially shared the cautious optimism of most classical economists with respect to taxes under extended suffrage, Tocqueville's view turned more pessimistic in the second volume of his Democracy in America. Universal enfranchisement and democratic governments would lead to higher taxes, more intense income redistribution and government control. Under democracy, the continuous search for unconditional equality would eventually jeopardise liberty and economic growth.
Is There a Cohort Explanation for Declines in Elderly Migration?
Authors: Edmonston Barry , Lee Sharon M. , Wu Zheng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPrevious research documented a dramatic decline in the residential mobility of elderly Canadians (65 years and older) since 1961. We examine more recent data from the 2011 and 2016 censuses to update findings and extend previous research. We first found that elderly residential mobility has continued to decline. There were substantial declines of 20 per cent and more for all types of residential mobility. Second, descriptive analysis of changes over time in the proportion of the population that lives in a different province than their province of birth for 1871 to the present suggests that the 1906–1925 birth cohorts experienced migration rates that were slightly higher than comparable later cohorts. Third, multivariate analysis of 1971–2016 interprovincial migration data shows that the 1906–1925 birth cohort who entered early adult years during World War II had higher migration rates than earlier or later birth cohorts. The cohort explanation accounted for 10 per cent of the decrease in elderly migration between 1981 and 2016. A cohort explanation can therefore contribute to understanding decreased elderly migration, but many questions remain for future study.
Protecting Foreigners: The Refugee Crisis on the Belize–Yucatán Border, 1847–71
Authors: Mongey Vanessa 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTaking mid-nineteenth century Belize as a case study, this article considers the role of migration in forming political, legal, and spatial geographies in a region with weak state institutions and disputed borders. The Caste War—a series of conflicts starting in 1847 in the southeastern Mexican state of Yucatán— resulted in the movement of thousands of people into the neighboring British settlement of Belize. This population movement reshaped the interface between the metropole and the settlement. This was a colony-defining moment in the development of Belize, leading to an extension of imperial control that eventually culminated in the transition to Crown colony in 1871. The refugee crisis was tied to broader Atlantic questions around asylum, law and empire. The benevolent treatment of refugees became the gauge of a “civilized” colony until the refugee crisis turned into a race crisis. This article examines how local administrators used a humanitarian discourse to enshrine white settler colonialism in a territory suddenly inhabited by a foreign-born multi-ethnic majority. The refugee label became a way to secure British sovereignty over the territory and its inhabitants, including non-British subjects, while extracting resources from the newcomers.
Effects of molecular targeting agents and immune-checkpoint inhibitors in patients with advanced cancer who are near the end of life
Authors: Hiramoto Shuji , Taniyama Tomohiko , Kikuchi Ayako , Hori Tetsuo , Yoshioka Akira , Inoue Akira 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn recent years, the use of both molecular targeting agents (MTAs) and immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) tend to occupy important positions in systemic anticancer therapy (SACT). The objective of this study is to describe the predictors of SACT include both MTAs and ICIs near the end of life (EOL) and the effect on EOL care in patients with advanced cancer.MethodsWe analyzed all patients who died of advanced cancer from August 2016 to August 2019, and we analyzed the survival time of patients who underwent anticancer agents excluded due to the loss of information about the last administration of SACT. The primary endpoint of this study was to identify predictors during the last administration of SACT near EOL.ResultsIn a multivariate analysis, the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG-PS) (ORs 33.781) was significantly related factors within 14 days of death from the last administration of SACT. Age (ORs 0.412), ECOG-PS (ORs 11.533), primary cancer site of upper GI cancers (ORs 2.205), the number of comorbidities (ORs 0.207), MTAs (ORs 3.139), and ICIs (ORs 3.592) were significantly related factors within 30 days of death. The median survival time (MST) of patients with PS 3–4 was 29 days, while that of patients with both PS 0–2 was 76 days. The prevalence rate of delirium with MTAs was 17.5%, which was significantly lower than that of patients without it (31.8%). The prevalence rate of the mean dose of opioids in patients with ICIs was 97.9 mg/day, which was significantly higher than that of patients without it (44.9 mg/day).ConclusionsAge, ECOG-PS, primary cancer site, the number of comorbidities, MTAs, and ICIs use were significant associated with SACT near EOL. Information on these factors may aid clinical decision making in referral to palliative care institutes.
Temporal Seismic Velocity Variations: Recovery Following From the 2019 Mw 7.1 Ridgecrest, California Earthquake
Authors: Boschelli Joshua , Moschetti Morgan P. , Sens‐Schönfelder Christoph 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe investigated seismic velocity changes (dv/v) associated with the 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence with high‐frequency autocorrelations of ambient seismic noise data. Daily autocorrelation functions were computed for the entirety of 2019 and the first quarter of 2020 for broadband stations within the region, including the temporary broadband stations installed during the aftershock deployment. Travel time shifts in the daily autocorrelation functions, relative to the mean autocorrelation waveform, were computed to produce dv/v time series, which are sensitive to the evolving material properties of the shallow crust surrounding the Ridgecrest fault zone (RFZ). A short‐term velocity drop follows the Mw 7.1 earthquake at stations in the vicinity of the rupture surface, while those greater than 50 km away showed no such drop. The maximum, absolute changes in seismic velocity are proportional to the logarithm of distance from the fault rupture and to the peak dynamic strain experienced during the earthquake. Near the areas of the highest coseismic slip within the RFZ, seismic velocities recovered over 3 months. However, in the vicinity of the nearby Garlock fault, where triggered slip manifested, and north of the RFZ, seismic velocities recovered within a month. We interpret the seismic velocity changes and their recovery to be largely due to changes in the physical properties of the shallow crust, such as fault zone damage recovery caused by the earthquake rupture process and in response to the large dynamic stresses of passing seismic waves from the mainshock.
A Volcanic Ash Layer in the Nördlinger Ries Impact Structure (Miocene, Germany): Indication of Crater Fill Geometry and Origins of Long‐Term Crater Floor Sagging
Authors: Arp Gernot , Dunkl István , Jung Dietmar , Karius Volker , Lukács Réka , Zeng Lingqi , Reimer Andreas , Head James W. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSince its recognition as an impact structure 60 years ago, no volcanics were anticipated in the circular depression of the 14.8 Ma old Nördlinger Ries. Here, we describe for the first time a volcanic ash‐derived clinoptilolite‐heulandite‐buddingtonite bed within the 330 m thick Miocene lacustrine crater fill. Zircon U‐Pb ages of 14.20 ± 0.08 Ma point to the source of the volcanic ash in the Pannonian Basin, 760 km east of the Ries. The diagenetically derived zeolite‐feldspar bed occurs in laminated claystones of the Ries soda‐lake stage and represents the first unequivocal stratigraphic marker bed in this basin, traceable from marginal surface outcrops to 218 m below surface in the crater center. These relationships demonstrate a deeply bowl‐shaped geometry of crater fill sediments, not explainable by sediment compaction and corresponding stratigraphic backstripping alone. Since most of the claystones formed at shallow water depths, the bowl‐shaped geometry must reflect 134 +23/−49 m of sagging of the crater floor. We attribute the sagging to compaction and closure of the dilatant macro‐porosity of the deeply fractured and brecciated crater floor during basin sedimentation and loading, a process that lasted for more than 0.6 Myr. As a result, the outcrop pattern of the lithostratigraphic crater‐fill units in its present erosional plane forms a concentric pattern. Recognition of this volcanic ash stratigraphic marker in the Ries crater provides insights into the temporal and stratigraphic relationships of crater formation and subsidence that have implications for impact‐hosted lakes on Earth and Mars.
The receptor of the colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1R) is a novel prognostic factor and therapeutic target in follicular lymphoma
Authors: Valero Juan Garcia , Matas-Céspedes Alba , Arenas Fabián , Rodriguez Vanina , Carreras Joaquim , Serrat Neus , Guerrero-Hernández Martina , Yahiaoui Anella , Balagué Olga , Martin Silvia , Capdevila Cristina , Hernández Lluis , Magnano Laura , Rivas-Delgado Alfredo , Tannheimer Stacey , Cid Maria C. , Campo Elías , López-Guillermo Armando , Colomer Dolors , Pérez-Galán Patricia 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMicroenvironment contributes to follicular lymphoma (FL) pathogenesis and impacts survival with macrophages playing a controversial role. In the present study, using FL primary samples and HK follicular dendritic cells (FDC) to mimic the germinal center, together with mouse models, we have analyzed the three-way crosstalk of FL-FDC-macrophages and derived therapeutic opportunities. Ex vivo primary FL-FDC co-cultures (n = 19) and in vivo mouse co-xenografts demonstrated that FL-FDC crosstalk favors tumor growth and, via the secretion of CCL2 and CSF-1, promotes monocyte recruitment, differentiation, and polarization towards an M2-like protumoral phenotype. Moreover, FL-M2 co-cultures displayed enhanced angiogenesis, dissemination, and immunosuppression. Analysis of the CSF-1/CSF-1R pathway uncovered that CSF-1 was significantly higher in serum from grade 3A FL patients, and that high CSF-1R expression in FL biopsies correlated with grade 3A, reduced overall survival and risk of transformation. Furthermore, CSF-1R inhibition with pexidartinib (PLX3397) preferentially affected M2-macrophage viability and polarization program disrupting FL-M2 positive crosstalk. In vivo CSF1-R inhibition caused M2 reduction and repolarization towards M1 macrophages and antitumor effect cooperating with anti-CD20 rituximab. In summary, these results support the role of macrophages in FL pathogenesis and indicate that CSF-1R may be a relevant prognostic factor and a novel therapeutic target cooperating with anti-CD20 immunotherapy.
Plasmonic tweezers: for nanoscale optical trapping and beyond
Authors: Zhang Yuquan , Min Changjun , Dou Xiujie , Wang Xianyou , Urbach Hendrik Paul , Somekh Michael G. , Yuan Xiaocong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOptical tweezers and associated manipulation tools in the far field have had a major impact on scientific and engineering research by offering precise manipulation of small objects. More recently, the possibility of performing manipulation with surface plasmons has opened opportunities not feasible with conventional far-field optical methods. The use of surface plasmon techniques enables excitation of hotspots much smaller than the free-space wavelength; with this confinement, the plasmonic field facilitates trapping of various nanostructures and materials with higher precision. The successful manipulation of small particles has fostered numerous and expanding applications. In this paper, we review the principles of and developments in plasmonic tweezers techniques, including both nanostructure-assisted platforms and structureless systems. Construction methods and evaluation criteria of the techniques are presented, aiming to provide a guide for the design and optimization of the systems. The most common novel applications of plasmonic tweezers, namely, sorting and transport, sensing and imaging, and especially those in a biological context, are critically discussed. Finally, we consider the future of the development and new potential applications of this technique and discuss prospects for its impact on science.
Toll-like receptor 4-mediated necroptosis in the development of necrotizing enterocolitis
Authors: Liu Tianjing , Zong Haifeng , Chen Xiaoyu , Li Sihang , Liu Ziyun , Cui Xuewei , Jia Guoqiang , Shi Yongyan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Dramatic intestinal epithelial cell death leading to barrier dysfunction is one of the mechanism of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), in which Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) plays a pivotal role. This study explored the role of necroptosis, a drastic way of cell death in NEC.

Methods
The expression of necroptotic proteins was tested in NEC intestinal tissue and compared with controls. NEC was induced in neonatal wild-type mice and a necroptosis inhibitor was given to investigate whether NEC could be relieved. The general condition, macroscopic scoring, and histological evaluations were performed. The expression of tight junction proteins, inflammatory cytokines, and necroptosis-related proteins was measured, and barrier function was examined. Then, NEC was induced in TLR4-knockout pups to confirm the role of TLR4 in necroptosis.

Results
Necroptotic proteins were significantly upregulated in both NEC patient and animal models, together with the expression of TLR4. NEC could be relieved and inflammatory infiltration was decreased by necrostatin-1s. TLR4-knockout mice showed milder tissue degradation and less necroptosis after NEC induction.

Conclusions
Necroptosis is an essential pathological process of NEC. TLR4 may be one stimulator of necroptosis in NEC. Inhibiting the intestinal cell necroptosis might be a useful strategy in the treatment of NEC.

Impact

Necroptosis is a key pathological process in NEC, which appears to involve TLR4.

Anti-necroptosis treatment is a promising strategy that could significantly relieve the symptoms of NEC.
Immune complex-induced apoptosis and concurrent immune complex clearance are anti-inflammatory neutrophil functions
Authors: Karmakar Utsa , Chu Julia Y. , Sundaram Kruthika , Astier Anne L. , Garside Hannah , Hansen Carsten G. , Dransfield Ian , Vermeren Sonja 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPersistent neutrophilic inflammation drives host damage in autoimmune diseases that are characterized by abundant immune complexes. Insoluble immune complexes (iICs) potently activate pro-inflammatory neutrophil effector functions. We and others have shown that iICs also promote resolution of inflammation via stimulation of neutrophil apoptosis. We demonstrate here that iICs trigger FcγRIIa-dependent neutrophil macropinocytosis, leading to the rapid uptake, and subsequent degradation of iICs. We provide evidence that concurrent iIC-induced neutrophil apoptosis is distinct from phagocytosis-induced cell death. First, uptake of iICs occurs by FcγRII-stimulated macropinocytosis, rather than phagocytosis. Second, production of reactive oxygen species, but not iIC-internalization is a pre-requisite for iIC-induced neutrophil apoptosis. Our findings identify a previously unknown mechanism by which neutrophils can remove pro-inflammatory iICs from the circulation. Together iIC clearance and iIC-induced neutrophil apoptosis may act to prevent the potential escalation of neutrophilic inflammation in response to iICs.
The role of PKM2 nuclear translocation in the constant activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway in cancer-associated fibroblasts
Authors: Gu Junjie , Li Xuechun , Zhao Lin , Yang Ying , Xue Chunling , Gao Yang , Li Jing , Han Qin , Sun Zhao , Bai Chunmei , Zhao Robert Chunhua 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play critical roles in cancer progression by regulating tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Recent studies demonstrated that CAFs induce inhibitory immune cell infiltration and chemotherapy resistance in gastric cancer by activating the NF-κB signaling pathway to secrete IL6, IL8, and other inflammatory factors. Inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway in CAFs might be a potential therapeutic strategy in gastric cancer. However, how the NF-κB pathway is activated in CAFs remains unclear. We showed that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) differentiated into CAFs, induced by the exosomes derived from gastric cancer cells. During the process of differentiation from MSCs into CAFs, we showed that nuclear PKM2 expression was continuously upregulated and associated with NF-κB P65 acetylation, contributing to P65 nuclear retention in CAFs and constant transcription of IL-6, IL-8, and other inflammatory factors, thus promoting gastric cancer cell proliferation. We showed that NF-κB P65 acetylation was induced by P300. We showed that nuclear PKM2 was derived from exosomes of gastric cancer cell lines and the positive feedback loop induced by PKM2-P65 combination. It is also proved that P300 inhibitors can inhibit tumor proliferation in an AGS subcutaneous xenograft tumor model. Our study showed that gastric cancer cells influence the continuous activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway in CAFs by secreting gastric cancer exosomes containing PKM2, thus inducing abnormal metabolism and inflammation activation. This study provides a new therapeutic target for CAF normalization or deactivation strategies.
Imagining and constraining ferrovolcanic eruptions and landscapes through large-scale experiments
Authors: Soldati A. , Farrell J. A. , Wysocki R. , Karson J. A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFerrovolcanism, yet to be directly observed, is the most exotic and poorly understood predicted manifestation of planetary volcanism. Large-scale experiments carried out at the Syracuse Lava Project offer insight into the emplacement dynamics of metallic flows as well as coeval metallic and silicate flows. Here, we find that, under the same environmental conditions, higher-density/lower-viscosity metallic lava moves ten times faster than lower-density/higher-viscosity silicate lava. The overall morphology of the silicate flow is not significantly affected by the co-emplacement of a metallic flow. Rather, the metallic flow is largely decoupled from the silicate flow, occurring mainly in braided channels underneath the silicate flow and as low-relief breakouts from the silicate flow front. Turbulent interactions at the metallic-silicate flow interface result in mingling of the two liquids, preserved as erosional surfaces and sharp contacts. The results have important implications for the interpretation of possible ferrovolcanic landscapes across our solar system.
Markerless tracking of an entire honey bee colony
Authors: Bozek Katarzyna , Hebert Laetitia , Portugal Yoann , Mikheyev Alexander S. , Stephens Greg J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFrom cells in tissue, to bird flocks, to human crowds, living systems display a stunning variety of collective behaviors. Yet quantifying such phenomena first requires tracking a significant fraction of the group members in natural conditions, a substantial and ongoing challenge. We present a comprehensive, computational method for tracking an entire colony of the honey bee Apis mellifera using high-resolution video on a natural honeycomb background. We adapt a convolutional neural network (CNN) segmentation architecture to automatically identify bee and brood cell positions, body orientations and within-cell states. We achieve high accuracy (~10% body width error in position, ~10° error in orientation, and true positive rate > 90%) and demonstrate months-long monitoring of sociometric colony fluctuations. These fluctuations include ~24 h cycles in the counted detections, negative correlation between bee and brood, and nightly enhancement of bees inside comb cells. We combine detected positions with visual features of organism-centered images to track individuals over time and through challenging occluding events, recovering ~79% of bee trajectories from five observation hives over 5 min timespans. The trajectories reveal important individual behaviors, including waggle dances and crawling inside comb cells. Our results provide opportunities for the quantitative study of collective bee behavior and for advancing tracking techniques of crowded systems.