bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterizing Diaschisis-Related Thalamic Perfusion and Diffusion After Middle Cerebral Artery Infarction
Authors: Xia Cong , Zhou Jiaying , Lu Chunqiang , Wang Yuancheng , Tang Tianyu , Cai Yu , Ju Shenghong 
Published: May 2021

Background and Purpose:
Ipsilateral thalamic diaschisis (ITD) initially describes functional depression of the thalamus ipsilateral to a supratentorial lesion, but accumulating evidence has shown morphological changes also occur. Therefore, we aimed to characterize thalamic perfusion and diffusion related to ITD over time and their inter-relationships after middle cerebral artery infarction.

Methods:
Eighty-five patients with middle cerebral artery infarction who underwent diffusion kurtosis imaging and arterial spin labeling were retrospectively included. ITD was diagnosed as ipsilateral thalamic hypoperfusion present on ≥2 cerebral blood flow maps. The thalamic asymmetrical index was calculated as (ipsilateral value−contralateral value)/contralateral value×100%. Finally, the inter-relationships of thalamic perfusion and diffusion were analyzed.

Results:

ITD was present in 56/85 patients (65.9%, ITD+). In ITD+ patients, larger abnormal perfusion volume, higher perfusion-infarct mismatch and lower rates of focal hyperperfusion were observed than ITD− patients. Infarction affecting the corona radiata were more frequent among ITD+ patients. Mean kurtosis were slightly but significantly increased within the ipsilateral thalamus compared with the contralateral one in ITD+ patients of subacute and chronic groups, while fractional anisotropy was significantly increased in subacute group but decreased in chronic group for both ITD+ and ITD− patients. Mean diffusivity was significantly increased in ITD+ patients of chronic group. Furthermore, the AI
CBF
was negatively and significantly correlated with AI
MK
and AI
FA
in ITD+ patients in subacute group, and AI
MD
, even after adjustment for abnormal perfusion volume and days from symptoms onset, in chronic group. ITD+ patients had significantly higher National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and modified Rankin Scale scores at admission and discharge and also showed a trend to independent association with clinical outcome at discharge.

Conclusions:
The combination of arterial spin labeling and diffusion kurtosis imaging can reveal early, time-specific thalamic perfusion and diffusion changes after middle cerebral artery infarction. ITD-related hypoperfusion was significantly correlated with underlying microstructural alterations.
Clinically Approximated Hypoperfused Tissue in Large Vessel Occlusion Stroke
Authors: Desai Shashvat M. , Ortega-Gutierrez Santiago , Sheth Sunil A. , Farooqui Mudassir , Lopez-Rivera Victor , Zevallos Cynthia , Salazar-Marioni Sergio , Quispe-Orozco Darko , Abdelkhaliq Rania , Tonetti Daniel A. , Jovin Tudor G. , Jadhav Ashutosh P. 
Published: May 2021

Background and Purpose:
Patient selection for thrombectomy of acute ischemic stroke caused by large vessel occlusion in the delayed time window (>6 hours) is dependent on delineation of clinical-core mismatch or radiological target mismatch using perfusion imaging. Selection paradigms not involving advanced imaging and software processing may reduce time to treatment and broaden eligibility. We aim to develop a conversion factor to approximately determine the volume of hypoperfused tissue using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score (clinically approximated hypoperfused tissue [CAT] volume) and explore its ability to identify patients eligible for thrombectomy in the late-time window.

Methods:
We performed a retrospective analysis of anterior circulation large vessel occlusion strokes at 3 comprehensive stroke centers. Demographic, clinical, and imaging (computed tomography perfusion processed using RAPID, IschemaView) information was analyzed. A conversion factor, which is a multiple of the NIHSS score (for NIHSS score <10 and ≥10), was derived from an initial cohort to calculate CAT volumes. Accuracy of CAT-based thrombectomy eligibility criteria (using CAT volume instead of Tmax >6 seconds volume) was tested using DEFUSE-3 criteria (Endovascular Therapy Following Imaging Evaluation for Ischemic Stroke 3) eligibility as a gold standard in an independent cohort.

Results:
Of the 309 large vessel occlusion strokes (age, 70±14, 46% male, median NIHSS 16 [12–20]) included in this study, 38% of patients arrived beyond 6 hours of time from last known well. Conversion factors derived (derivation cohort-center A: 187) based on median values of Tmax>6 second volume for NIHSS score <10 subgroup was 15 and for NIHSS score ≥10 subgroup was 6. Subsequently calculated CAT volume–based eligibility criteria yielded a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 92% in detecting DEFUSE-3 eligible patients (area under the curve, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.82–1]) in the validation cohort (center B and C:122).

Conclusions:
Clinical severity of stroke (NIHSS score) may be used to calculate the volume of hypoperfused tissue during large vessel occlusion stroke. CAT volumes for NIHSS score <10 (using a factor of 15) and ≥10 (using a factor of 6) subgroups can accurately identify DEFUSE-3-eligible patients.
How Campaign Ads Stimulate Political Interest
Authors: Canen Nathan , Martin Gregory J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe empirically investigate key dynamic features of advertising competition in elections using a new data set of very high-frequency, household-level television viewing matched to campaign advertising exposures. First, we show that exposure to campaign advertising increases households' consumption of news programming by 3 or 4 minutes on average over the next 24 hours. The identification compares households viewing a program when a political ad appeared to viewers in the same market who barely missed it. Second, we show that these effects decline over the campaign. Together, these dynamic forces help rationalize why candidates deploy much of their advertising budgets well before election day.
Readers and Consumers of Popular Print
Authors: Graheli Shanti 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This article explores the theoretical strands and methodological possibilities for the study of the consumption of popular print in the pre-modern age. The first section explores general approaches and cross-disciplinary angles to the field. The second section looks at core methodologies in approaching the multi-faceted issue of consumption of popular print. The third section offers a comparative discussion of pan-European themes, including literacy and schooling, the sociality of reading and consumption, the weight of restrictions and emancipation in regulating access to print, and the materialities of consumption as a physical, multisensory experience.
Tall Tales for a Mass Audience
Authors: Gomis Juan , Salman Jeroen 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this article we compare Dutch penny prints with Spanish Aleluyas, focusing on three specific functions of this premodern mass medium: popularising and adapting theatre plays; standardising (folk/fairy) tales; adapting and popularising literary classics. Via these functions we address the discrepancies between the two countries considering the materiality of the penny prints, the growth of the production, but also the transition from a predominantly religious, towards a more profane content. Striking was the lack of educative and edifying initiatives in Spain in contrast to the Dutch ideological strategies. We observed some interesting similarities as well. Although in both countries penny prints often conformed to current ideologies and institutions, there were instances in which penny prints and aleluyas were used as instruments of social satire or resistance. A few similar strange twists in the adaptations of literary classics, seem to suggest some form of transnational exchange or at least imitation.
Singing the News of Punishment
Authors: McIlvenna Una , Brandtzæg Siv Gøril , Gomis Juan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This article explores the pan-European phenomenon of the execution ballad, songs that told the news of true crimes and their punishment by public execution. Looking at examples across nine languages, from the sixteenth through the nineteenth century, this comparison reveals that these ballads share multiple features in textual content and format: a recognisable, formulaic narrative; sensationalist and emotive language; and a conservative perspective that confirms that the condemned is guilty and that ‘justice’ is being served. We also note key regional differences, such as in the use (or not) of contrafactum, the setting of new lyrics to familiar melodies, in the use of the first versus third person voice, and in the depiction of graphic violence, both of the crime committed and the execution. Ultimately, we argue for the existence of an almost universal tradition in Europe of how to sing the news of punishment.
Challenges Posed by Transnational Commercial Surrogacy: The Jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights
Authors: März Julian W. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
There is little consensus between European States regarding the legal treatment of surrogacy in general and of transnational commercial surrogacy in particular. Against this background, the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) in this matter is of particular significance since it provides some common ground for the legal treatment of transnational commercial surrogacy in Europe. For this reason, the present paper will outline the development of the jurisprudence of the ECtHR on transnational commercial surrogacy, giving particular attention to the Mennesson and Labassee decisions, the Paradiso/Campanelli case, and the 2019 Advisory Opinion. On this basis, it will conclude by underlining the importance of the best interests of the child principle in the jurisprudence of the ECtHR on transnational commercial surrogacy.
Slavonic Translations of the “Master of Rhodes Letter”
Authors: Korogodina Maria , Sergeev Aleksey , Sirenov Aleksey 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The “Master of Rhodes Letter”, which tells of the birth of the Antichrist, was one of the most popular eschatological writings in Europe in the 15th century. This pseudo-epistle was translated from Latin into Russian in the middle of the 15th century in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania by Feofil Dederkin, an informant for the Grand Duke of Moscow Vasily Vasilyevich. Previously only one letter from Dederkin to the Grand Duke Vasily Vasilyevich was known: a translation from Latin describing the earthquakes in Italy in 1456.
The “Master of Rhodes Letter” was translated a second time into Ukrainian from Latin in the 1630s, during a time when the Orthodox hierarchy in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth resisted the adoption of the Union of Brest. The third translation was made from English into Russian at beginning of the 18th century, and was believed by Metropolitan Job of Novgorod to be the work of Old Believers.
The larval, juvenile, and adult stages of the Caribbean goby, Coryphopterus kuna (Teleostei: Gobiidae): a reef fish with a pelagic larval duration longer than the post-settlement lifespan
Authors: VICTOR BENJAMIN C. , VASQUEZ-YEOMANS LOURDES , VALDEZ-MORENO MARTHA , WILK LESLIE , JONES DAVID L. , LARA MONICA R. , CALDOW CHRIS , SHIVJI MAHMOOD 
Published: May 2021

Additional larval, juvenile, and adult specimens and live photographs of the Caribbean Kuna Goby, Coryphopterus kuna, expand the known geographic range for the species and allow a comprehensive description of all the life stages for this recently-discovered species, including age and growth estimates from daily otolith increments. The Kuna Goby is found widely throughout the tropical western Atlantic, including southern Florida, Quintana Roo on the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico, Belize, Honduras, Panama, San Andres Island, Bonaire, and Guadeloupe. The additional specimens indicate that C. kuna has a pelvic frenum and that females have a black flag on the outer portion of the first two spinous dorsal-fin membranes, while males have a dark stripe along the mid-length of the spinous dorsal fin. The development of melanophores on pelagic larvae through the transition to settled juvenile is described. The Kuna Goby is a notably small goby: larvae settle around 7–9 mm SL, adults mature at 10–11 mm SL and then only attain about 17 mm SL. Kuna Gobies settle after a 60-day pelagic larval life, and mature rapidly. They are reproductive in as few as three weeks and live for about two months after settlement. This is the first reported fish in which the pelagic larval duration is generally longer than the post-settlement lifespan.
L’anthropologie de la reconnaissance de Marcel Hénaff et la question du symbolisme : sur la pertinence de relire Mauss après Lévi-Strauss
Authors: Bergeron Patrice 
Published: May 2021

La fécondité de l’œuvre de Marcel Hénaff (1942–2018) pour penser les sociétés occidentales modernes et ce qu’elles deviennent reste encore à apprécier. Sous la diversité des thèmes qu’elle aborde se cache une pensée d’une grande cohérence – Le prix de la vérité. Le don, l’argent, la philosophie (2002) en est le meilleur exemple. Cette pensée qui est inspirée de l'anthropologie sociale et culturelle, de la phénoménologie et, par moments, de la théologie chrétienne, doit sa forme au regard généalogique qu’elle mobilise. Mais c’est par rapport au religieux tel qu’il a été pensé dans l’école française de sociologie et d’anthropologie qu’il faut la situer pour en saisir toute la cohérence. Car c’est la question du symbolisme telle qu’elle se présente chez Claude Lévi-Strauss qui a propulsé la pensée d’Hénaff et l’a conduite à « réactiver » l’héritage de Marcel Mauss sur le don réciproque cérémoniel, de manière à développer sa propre anthropologie de la reconnaissance.
Role of Bilateral Inferior Turbinoplasty as an Adjunct to Septoplasty in Improving Nasal Obstruction and Subjective Performance in Patients With Deviated Nasal Septum Associated With Allergic Rhinitis: An Interventional, Prospective Study
Authors: Ghosh Sanjoy Kumar , Dutta Mainak , Haldar Dibakar 
Published: May 2021

Background: Patients with nasal obstruction due to deviated nasal septum (DNS) often have allergic rhinitis (AR) as contributing factor. When optimal medical therapy for AR fails, septoplasty alone may not adequately treat nasal obstruction. Therefore, with bilateral inferior turbinate hypertrophy representing long-standing AR, adding bilateral inferior turbinoplasty (BIT) to septoplasty might be beneficial. Objective: To assess whether septoplasty with/without BIT alleviates nasal obstruction in the above patient cohort and whether adding BIT to septoplasty brings significant benefit. Methodology: In this interventional, prospective study, patients with nasal obstruction due to DNS and persistent, moderate-severe AR refractory to optimal medication were randomly allocated into group A (septoplasty alone) and group B (septoplasty with BIT). Nasal Obstruction and Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) score, along with Subjective Performance parameters (days-off/month; number of outdoor visits/month; overall satisfaction score [OSS]) were used to assess the symptom and quality of life, respectively, at follow-up. Results: Each group had 40 age/sex-matched patients. Friedman test, and subsequent pair-wise comparison within groups without Bonferroni correction, revealed that septoplasty with/without BIT elicited significant reduction in NOSE scores and in the Subjective Performance parameters (days-off/month; number of outdoor visits/month) at 3 and 6 months. Wilcoxon Signed Rank test revealed that the OSS within groups also improved significantly with time. Further, comparison between groups revealed significant improvement in NOSE scores at all levels of follow-up when BIT was included. However, there were no significant differences between groups in the Subjective Performance parameters at any level of follow-up. Improvement in OSS between groups was significant only at 3 months but not subsequently. Conclusion: Septoplasty with/without BIT is helpful in treating patients with DNS and refractory AR. However, although adding BIT brings significant benefit in decreasing nasal obstruction, it does not significantly improve the Subjective Performance parameters during follow-up, except for OSS at the third month.
Audiologic and Otologic Clinical Manifestations of Loeys‐Dietz Syndrome: A Heritable Connective Tissue Disorder
Authors: Jeon Jun W. , Christensen Julie , Chisholm Jennifer , Zalewski Christopher , Rasooly Marjohn , Dempsey Caeden , Magnani Alaina , Frischmeyer‐Guerrerio Pamela , Brewer Carmen C. , Kim Hung Jeffrey 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveLoeys‐Dietz syndrome (LDS) is a rare genetic connective tissue disorder resulting from TGF‐ß signaling pathway defects and characterized by a wide spectrum of aortic aneurysm, arterial tortuosity, and various extravascular abnormalities. This study describes the audiologic, otologic, and craniofacial manifestations of LDS.Study DesignConsecutive cross‐sectional study.SettingTertiary medical research institute.MethodsAudiologic and clinical evaluations were conducted among 36 patients (mean ± SD age, 24 ± 17 years; 54% female) with genetically confirmed LDS. Cases were categorized into genetically based LDS types 1 to 4 (TGFBR1, TGFBR2, SMAD3, TGFB2, respectively). Audiometric characteristics included degree and type of hearing loss: subclinical, conductive, mixed, and sensorineural.ResultsLDS types 1 to 4 included 11, 13, 5, and 7 patients, respectively. In LDS‐1, 27% had bilateral conductive hearing loss; 9%, unilateral mixed; and 36%, subclinical. In LDS‐2, 38% had conductive hearing loss and 38% subclinical. In LDS‐3 and LDS‐4, 40% and 43% had bilateral sensorineural hearing loss, respectively. Degree of hearing loss ranged from mild to moderate. Bifid uvula was observed only in LDS‐1 (55%) and LDS‐2 (62%). Submucosal/hard cleft palates were primarily in LDS‐1 and LDS‐2. Posttympanostomy tympanic membrane perforations occurred in 45% (10/22 ears) of LDS‐1 and LDS‐2. There were 4 cases of cholesteatoma: 3 middle ear (LDS‐1 and LDS‐2) and 1 external ear canal (LDS‐3).ConclusionConductive hearing loss, bifid uvula/cleft palate, and posttympanostomy tympanic membrane perforation are more common in LDS‐1 and LDS‐2 than LDS‐3 and LDS‐4, while sensorineural hearing loss was present only in LDS‐3 and LDS‐4. These LDS‐associated key clinical presentations may facilitate an early diagnosis of LDS and thus prompt intervention to prevent related detrimental outcomes.
Association Between 5‐Item Modified Frailty Index and Short‐term Outcomes in Complex Head and Neck Surgery
Authors: Goshtasbi Khodayar , Birkenbeuel Jack L. , Lehrich Brandon M. , Abiri Arash , Haidar Yarah M. , Tjoa Tjoson , Kuan Edward C. 
Published: May 2021

ObjectivesTo evaluate the impact of preoperative frailty on short‐term outcomes following complex head and neck surgeries (HNSs).Study DesignCross‐sectional database analysis.SettingAmerican College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS‐NSQIP) database.MethodsThe 2005 to 2017 ACS‐NSQIP was queried for patients undergoing complex HNS. Five‐item modified frailty index (mFI) was calculated based on functional status and history of diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, congestive heart failure, and chronic hypertension.ResultsA total of 2786 patients (73.1% male) with a mean age of 62.0 ± 11.6 years were included. Compared to nonfrail patients (41.2%), patients with mFI ≥1 (58.8%) had shorter length of operation (P =. 021), longer length of stay (LOS) (P <. 001), and higher rates of 30‐day reoperation (P =. 009), medical complications (P <. 001), discharge to nonhome facility (DNHF) (P <. 001), and mortality (P =. 047). These parameters remained statistically significant when compared across all individual mFI scores (all P <. 05). After adjusting for age, sex, race, body mass index, smoking, and American Society of Anesthesiologists score via multivariate logistic regression, patients with mFI ≥1 were significantly more likely to undergo reoperation (odds ratio [OR], 1.39), surgical complications (OR, 1.19), medical complications (OR, 1.55), prolonged LOS (OR, 1.29), and DNHF (OR, 1.56) (all P <. 05). Multivariate logistic regression also demonstrated that after adjusting for confounders, compared to patients with mFI = 1, patients with mFI = 2‐5 (18.7%) were more likely to undergo shorter operations (OR, 0.74), have medical (OR, 1.46) or any complications (OR, 1.27), and have DNHF (OR, 1.62) (all P <. 05).ConclusionThe 5‐point mFI can independently predict short‐term surgical outcomes following complex HNS. This simple and reliable metric can potentially lead to improved preoperative counseling and postoperative planning for complex HNS patients.
A Preliminary Study of Anatomical Changes Following the Use of a Pedicled Buccal Fat Pad Flap During Primary Palatoplasty
Authors: Kotlarek Katelyn J. , Jaskolka Michael S. , Fang Xiangming , Ellis Charles , Blemker Silvia S. , Horswell Bruce , Kloostra Paul , Perry Jamie L. 
Published: May 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the surgical impact of the pedicled buccal fat pad (BFP) flap on the levator veli palatini (LVP) muscle and surrounding velopharyngeal (VP) anatomy following primary palatoplasty using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Design: Observational, prospective. Setting: MRI studies were completed at 3 different facilities. All participants with BFP flap were operated on by the same surgeon. Participants: Five pediatric participants with cleft palate with or without cleft lip (CP±L) who underwent primary palatoplasty with BFP flap placement. Comparison groups consisted of 10 participants: 5 with CP±L who did not receive the BFP flap and 5 healthy controls. Interventions: All participants underwent nonsedated MRI 2 to 5 years postoperatively. Main Outcomes and Measures: Anatomical measures of the velopharynx and LVP among the 3 participant groups. Results: Median values were significantly different among groups for velar length ( P = .042), effective velar length ( P = .048), effective VP ratio ( P = .046), LVP length ( P = .021), extravelar LVP length ( P = .009), and LVP origin–origin distance ( P = .030). Post hoc analysis revealed a statistically significant difference between the BFP and traditional repair groups for effective VP ratio ( P = .040), extravelar LVP length ( P = .033), and LVP length ( P = .022). Conclusions: This study provides preliminary support that the BFP flap creates a longer velum, with increased distance between the posterior hard palate and the LVP, and a larger effective VP ratio compared to traditional surgical techniques. Future research is needed to determine whether this procedure provides a more favorable mechanism for VP closure.