bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Chemical Herbicides on Weed Management in Allium sativum L. (Garlic) and Its Yield
Authors: Ganapathi T. , Ravikumar M. R. , Rajakumar G. R. 
Published: February 2021

A field experiment was conducted during 2015-16, 2016-17 and 2017-18 at Agricultural Research Station, Hanumanamatti, Ranebennur (Tq), Haveri (Dist.) Karnataka, to study the effect of chemical herbicides on weed management in garlic. The treatments consisted of pre emergent application of Pendimethalin, Oxyfluorfen, Quizalofop ethyl and Butachlor. The pooled mean results indicated that, pre-emergent application of Butachlor 50 EC @ 1.0 kg ai/ha + one hand weeding + second spray at 30 days after planting (B1HW2S:T7) recorded the least weed density (82.83, 89.67 monocot weeds and 8.15, 6.34 dicot weeds), weed bio-mass (80.99g, 93.33g fresh weight of monocot weeds and 8.48g, 1.82g fresh weight of dicot weeds, 32.40g, 37.33g dry weight of monocot weeds and 3.39g, 0.73g dry weight of dicot weeds), the highest garlic plant height (4.34cm, 16.17 cm), number of leaves (3.55, 6.57) at 30 and 60 days after planting respectively. Treatment with Butachlor 50 EC @ 1.0 kg ai/ha + one hand weeding + second spray at 30 days after planting (B1HW2S:T7) also recorded the highest hundred bulb weight (912.98 g), yield per plot (2056.63g) and yield/ha (41.13 Q) followed by Oxyflurofen 23.5 EC @ 0.15 kg ai /ha + one hand weeding + second spray at 30 Days after planting (O1HW2S:T4) compared to farmer’s practice (2HW:T8) and untreated control (WC:T9).
Fear, Psychosomatic Symptoms and Satisfaction of Primary Healthcare Workers during the First Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic in Rivers State Nigeria: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Edet Clement Kevin , Harry Agiriye M. , Wegbom Anthony Ike , Osaro Benjamin O. 
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Since the onset of COVID-19 pandemic there has been concerns about the imminent collapse of the health system if healthcare workers are physically, mentally, and socially affected to the point where service delivery is compromised. Therefore, this study investigated the fear, psychosomatic symptoms, and satisfaction of the Primary Healthcare Workers (PHCWs) during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Rivers State Nigeria.
Methods: A facility cross-sectional survey was conducted involving the primary healthcare workers. Descriptive analysis of mean with standard deviation were reported for continuous variables, frequency and percentage were used to report categorical variables.
Results: A total of 412 PHCWs participated in the study (mean age: 39.5±7.5). 223 (54.4%) were sure of going to work, while 260 (63.4%) were afraid of contracting the COVID-19 virus. However, 294 (71.7%) were not stigmatized and 256 (62.4%) were satisfied with their capacity for work. Also, 333 (81.2%), 357(87.3%), and 271(66.6%) were not satisfied with, transportation, money to meet their daily needs, and work environment, respectively. Perceived psychosomatic symptoms by respondents were chest pain (50.0%), stomach upset (38.0%), lump in the throat (40.0%), no feeling of hunger (52.0%), and shortness of breath (32.0%). Anxiety and stress symptoms experienced were inability to concentrate (38.2%), got angry easily (24.9%), worried (48.5%), low mood, anxiety, or depression (24.1%) and afraid of encountering security personnel on their way to work (67.6%).
Conclusions: We observed perceived fears, psychosomatic, anxiety, and stress symptoms, as well as low satisfaction among the primary healthcare workers. We suggest that the government and health care agencies should put in place measures that will improve the psychological well-being and mental health of the PHCWs during the pandemic.
Lite Image Analysis Module Salivary Diagnostic Tool - A Review
Authors: Saikia Jayanta , Pachipulusu Balaji , Govindaraju Poornima 
Published: March 2021

Background: Saliva is a versatile biofluid that can help in detecting any oral or systemic disease of an individual. Saliva seems to be clinically an informative biofluid for easy prognosis of a disease and clinical or laboratory diagnosis of oral as well as many systemic diseases. It has some specific soluble biological markers that can be considered as an ideal approach for early detection of diseases.
Aim: The aim of this paper was to review the recent developments of the Lite Image Analysis Module.
Conclusion: Thus, this technology primarily helps in a rapid assessment of salivary biomarker levels signifying the probable systemic and oral condition of an individual both in quantitative as well as qualitative manner. Adopting a simple and quick technique, LIAM can be used effortlessly in some rural remote areas as well where advanced high technology laboratories have not yet reached.
Clinical Significance: It is one of the recent advancements in the world of salivary diagnosis LIAM (Lite Image Analysis Module) that is a portable, light, hand-held scanning device which magnificently integrates a distinct analyte identification system that detects the type of analytes being tested and transfer the report straight to a smartphone or a Bluetooth devices.
Obesity and Overweight in Relation to Hypertension and Associated Risk in School Children
Authors: Babu Gorantla Naresh , Jameela P. , Sharif S. Jafar , Ramya A. , Haq K. Ziyaul , Kumar Sasi , Reddenna L. , Sreedhar V. 
Published: March 2021

Aim: Hypertension is a major public health problem worldwide and is associated with high mortality and morbidity. The main aim of this study is to assess obesity and overweight in school children and their relationship to hypertension and associated risk factors.
Study Design: Population based cross sectional study.
Results and Discussion: A total number of 712 students with age group between 7-12 years from different school were screened for their height, weight and body mass index. The present study was aimed to assess obesity and overweight in school children and their relationship to hypertension and associated risk factors. Under weight and healthy weight children are engaged in physical activities like playing in ground and thus they are healthy where the children who found as overweight and obese were not engaged in physical activities regularly and thus this might be the reason for their overweight and obesity. At the same time the children who found as obese and overweight were said that they were having fast foods twice a day.
Conclusion: In order to get rid of these risks and their associated cardiovascular risks, their food habits must be changed and physical activities needs to be improved.
Frequency of Beta Thalassemia in Anemic Pregnant Women
Authors: Khadija . , Arain Shumaila Perveen , Alahmadi Yaser M. , Alolayan Sultan Othman , Ahmer Arslan , Ahmed Tahseen 
Published: March 2021

Objective: To determine the frequency of beta thalassemia trait among pregnant women presenting with anemia.
Method: A cross sectional study was conducted in Gynecology & Obstetric department, district headquarters hospital Mardan from January 2019 to June 2020. This study includes all pregnant women who presented with anemia and having age 15 to 45 years. Patients with known hemoglobinopathies were excluded from the study. Collected data was analyzed using SPSS 20.
Results: Mean age of the patient was 27.7 years and mean hemoglobin level was 8.7g/dl. Age distributions showed mother age 15 to 25 years were 40%, 26 to 36 years were 35% and 36 to 45 years were 25%. Thalassemia trait was found in 40% anemic pregnant women. Thalassemia trait percentage was high in mother having age 15 to 25 years.
Conclusion: Beta thalassemia trait is a common cause anemia in pregnancy. All pregnant women presenting with anemia should be investigated for it.
Prescribing Pattern in Geriatrics with Cardio Vascular Diseases using Beers Criteria
Authors: Kumar E. Pavan , Sreedhar V. , Reddy P. Ramakrishna , Reddenna L. , Kumar M. Pramod , Jayanthi B. , Sirisha N. , Salma K. 
Published: March 2021

Aim: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major health problem throughout the world and a common cause of premature morbidity and mortality. CVD is a general category of diseases that affects the heart and the circulatory system. The main aim of the study is to assess the prescribing pattern in geriatrics with cardiovascular diseases using beers criteria.
Study Design: Prospective observational study.
Results and Discussion: Total 132 patients, 12 dropouts due to lack of information. Out of 120 patients 69 Patients are identified as Male Patients and 51 Patients are Female. In 120 sample size Maximum No of Cases were found with Ischemic Heart disease (30.8%) Followed by myocardial infarction (24%) coronary artery disease (20%) congestive heart failure (13.3%) Unstable Angina (11.6%). In 120 Sample Size, Male Patients are Suffering More with Complications Compared to Female Patients.
Conclusion: In this Study with Assessing the Prescribing Pattern in Geriatrics with Cardio Vascular Diseases It was found that major complications seen in Male and Female Patients are Ischemic heart Disease with Left ventricular dysfunction Myocardial Infarction, Coronary Artery Disease, Angina, Congestive Cardiac Failure.
Being Significant: The Problem of What We Cannot Measure
Authors: Kara Hanif 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHanif Kara is co‐founder of London‐based international structural engineering firm AKT II. He is also Professor in Practice of Architectural Technology at Harvard University Graduate School of Design. He describes his ongoing working relationship with AHMM, stretching back over two decades, the qualities of which include mutual respect, friendship and a little healthy competition.
Bioprinting of Cartilaginous Auricular Constructs Utilizing an Enzymatically Crosslinkable Bioink
Authors: Fisch Philipp , Broguiere Nicolas , Finkielsztein Sergio , Linder Thomas , Zenobi‐Wong Marcy 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBioprinting of functional tissues could overcome tissue shortages and allow a more rapid response for treatments. However, despite recent progress in bioprinting, and its outstanding ability to position cells and biomaterials in a precise 3D manner, its success has been limited, due to insufficient maturation of constructs into functional tissue. Here, a novel calcium‐triggered enzymatic crosslinking (CTEC) mechanism for bioinks based on the activation cascade of Factor XIII is presented and utilized for the biofabrication of cartilaginous constructs. Hyaluronan transglutaminase (HA‐TG), an enzymatically crosslinkable material, has shown excellent characteristics for chondrogenesis and builds the basis of the CTEC bioink. The bioink supports tissue maturation with neocartilage formation and stiffening of constructs up to 400 kPa. Bioprinted constructs remain stable in vivo for 24 weeks and bioprinted auricular constructs transform into cartilaginous grafts. A major limitation of the current study is the deposition of collagen I, indicating the maturation toward fibrocartilage rather than elastic cartilage. Shifting the maturation process toward elastic cartilage will therefore be essential in order for the developed bioinks to offer a novel tissue engineered treatment for microtia patients. CTEC bioprinting furthermore opens up use of enzymatically crosslinkable biopolymers and their modularity to support a multitude of tissues.
Engineered Sulfated Polysaccharides for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Arlov Øystein , Rütsche Dominic , Asadi Korayem Maryam , Öztürk Ece , Zenobi‐Wong Marcy 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSulfated polysaccharides are ubiquitous in living systems and have central roles in biological functions such as organism development, cell proliferation and differentiation, cellular communication, tissue homeostasis, and host defense. Engineered sulfated polysaccharides (ESPs) are structural derivatives not found in nature but generated through chemical and enzymatic modification of natural polysaccharides, as well as chemically synthesized oligo‐ and polysaccharides. ESPs exhibit novel and augmented biological properties compared with their unmodified counterparts, mainly through facilitating interactions with other macromolecules. These interactions are closely linked to their sulfation patterns and backbone structures, providing a means to fine‐tune biological properties and characterize structural–functional relationships by employing well‐characterized polysaccharides and strategies for regioselective modification. The following review provides a comprehensive overview of the synthesis and characterization of ESPs and of their biological properties. Through the pioneering research presented here, key emerging application areas for ESPs, which can lead to novel breakthroughs in biomedical research and clinical treatments, are highlighted.
Commensurability between Element Symmetry and the Number of Skyrmions Governing Skyrmion Diffusion in Confined Geometries
Authors: Song Chengkun , Kerber Nico , Rothörl Jan , Ge Yuqing , Raab Klaus , Seng Boris , Brems Maarten A. , Dittrich Florian , Reeve Robert M. , Wang Jianbo , Liu Qingfang , Virnau Peter , Kläui Mathias 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMagnetic skyrmions are topological magnetic structures, which exhibit quasi‐particle properties and can show enhanced stability against perturbation from thermal noise. Recently, thermal Brownian diffusion of these quasi‐particles has been found in continuous films, and unconventional computing applications have received significant attention, requiring structured elements. Thus, as the next necessary step, skyrmion diffusion in confined geometries is studied, and it is found to be qualitatively different: The diffusion is governed by the interplay between the total number of skyrmions and the structure geometry. In particular, the effect of circular and triangular geometrical confinement is ascertained. It is found that for triangular geometries, the behavior is drastically different for the cases when the number of skyrmions in the element is either commensurate or incommensurate with a symmetric filling of the element. This influence of commensurability is corroborated by simulations of a quasi‐particle model.
Ion‐Selective MXene‐Based Membranes: Current Status and Prospects
Authors: Mozafari Mohammad , Arabi Shamsabadi Ahmad , Rahimpour Ahmad , Soroush Masoud 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWater pollution is a major global challenge, as conventional polymeric membranes are not adequate for water treatment anymore. Among emerging materials for water treatment, composite membranes are promising, as they have simultaneously improved water permeation and ions rejection. Recently, a new family of 2D materials called MXenes has attracted considerable attention due to their appealing properties and wide applications. MXenes can be incorporated into many polymeric materials due to their high compatibility. MXenes/polymer composite membranes have been found to have appealing electrical, thermal, mechanical, and transport properties, because of strong interactions between polymer chains and surface functional groups of MXenes and the selective nanochannels that are created. This article reviews advances made in the area of ion‐selective MXene‐based membranes for water purification. It puts the advances into perspective and provides prospects. MXenes’ properties and synthesis methods are briefly described. Strategies for the preparation of MXene‐based membranes including mixed‐matrix membranes, thin‐film nanocomposite membranes, and laminated membranes are reviewed. Recent advances in ion‐separation and water‐desalination MXene‐based membranes are elucidated. The dependence of ion‐separation performance of the membranes on fabrication techniques, MXene's interlayer spacing, and MXene's various surface terminations are elucidated. Finally, opportunities and challenges in ion‐selective MXene‐based membranes are discussed.
Unfolded Protein Corona Surrounding Nanotubes Influence the Innate and Adaptive Immune System
Authors: Park Jun‐Young , Park Sung Jean , Park Jun Young , Kim Sang‐Hyun , Kwon Song , Jung YunJae , Khang Dongwoo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe plasma proteins around nanoparticles (NPs) form an outer protein corona, significantly influencing the subsequent immune response. However, it was uncertain whether the protein corona around NPs influences immune response. This study clarified that the immune response mediated by the protein corona is greatly dependent on the type of plasma proteins surrounding the NPs. Structural changes in the unfolded protein corona elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and induced major proinflammatory cytokine release in both murine and human macrophage cell lines. In contrast, negligible structural changes in the protein corona provoke neither ROS production nor proinflammatory cytokine release. Furthermore, in vivo analysis confirms that a stimulated immune response by an unfolded protein corona triggers selective activation of innate and adaptive immunity in the spleen. Specifically, neutrophils, natural killer cells, and CD8+ T cells are overpopulated by unfolded protein corona structures surrounding nanotubes, whereas innate and adaptive immunologic responses are not triggered by a normal protein corona. In conclusion, highly unfolded protein corona structures are strongly correlated with subsequent activation of proinflammatory cytokines and innate immune responses; thus, the protein corona can be used in immune‐enhancing therapy.
Asymmetric information and blockchains in soybean commodity markets
Authors: Lakkakula Prithviraj , Bullock David W. , Wilson William W. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAsymmetric information is prevalent in the grain and oilseed markets. This paper demonstrates the benefits of blockchain technology to mitigate asymmetric information about the soybean's protein quality between sellers and buyers. We use decision trees to model information asymmetry under both conventional and blockchain scenarios. The results suggest that asymmetric information can be mitigated with a blockchain, resulting in substantial premiums (40–60 cents per bushel of soybeans). These results could have significant implications for the grain and oilseed industry in order to decrease transaction costs, to improve market efficiency, and to prioritize strategies for the procurement of soybeans.JEL CLASSIFICATIONO33 Q13; Q17
Total Synthesis of the Meroterpenoid Manginoid A as Fueled by a Challenging Pinacol Coupling and Bicycle‐forming Etherification
Authors: Zhang Yu‐An , Milkovits Amanda , Agarawal Valay , Taylor Cooper A. , Snyder Scott A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe manginoids are a unique collection of bioactive natural products whose structures fuse an oxa‐bridged spirocyclohexanedione with a heavily substituted trans‐hydrindane framework. Herein, we show that such architectures can be accessed through a strategy combining a challenging pinacol coupling and bicycle‐forming etherification with several additional chemo‐ and regioselective reactions. The success of these key events proved to be highly substrate and condition specific, affording insights for their application to other targets. As a result, not only has a 19‐step total synthesis of manginoid A been achieved, but a potential roadmap to access other members of the family and related natural products has also been identified.
Morita–Baylis–Hillman‐Type [3,3]‐Rearrangement: Switching fromZ‐ toE‐Selective α‐Arylation by New Rearrangement Partners
Authors: Zhang Lei , Bao Wangzhen , Liang Yuchen , Pan Wenjing , Li Dongyang , Kong Lichun , Wang Zhi‐Xiang , Peng Bo 
Published: March 2021

Abstractα‐aryl α,β‐unsaturated carbonyls represent an important class of derivatizable synthetic intermediates, however, the synthesis of such compounds still remains a challenge. Recently, we showcased a novelZ‐selective α‐arylation of α,β‐unsaturated nitriles with aryl sulfoxides via [3,3]‐rearrangement involving an Morita–Baylis–Hillman (MBH) process. Herein, we demonstrate the feasibility of reversing the stereoselectivity of such MBH‐type [3,3]‐rearrangement by switching to a new pair of rearrangement partners consisting of aryl iodanes and α,β‐unsaturated oxazolines. As a result, the two protocols complement each other in approachingE‐ orZ‐α‐aryl α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl derivatives. Mechanistic studies reveal a possible reaction pathway and provide an explanation for the opposite stereoselectivities.
Spectroscopic Evidence of Hyponitrite Radical Intermediate in NO Disproportionation at a MOF‐Supported Mononuclear Copper Site
Authors: Sun Chenyue , Yang Luming , Ortuño Manuel A. , Wright Ashley M. , Chen Tianyang , Head Ashley R. , López Núria , Dincă Mircea 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDianionic hyponitrite (N2O22−) is often proposed, based on model complexes, as the key intermediate in reductive coupling of nitric oxide to nitrous oxide at the bimetallic active sites of heme‐copper oxidases and nitric oxide reductases. In this work, we examine the gas‐solid reaction of nitric oxide with the metal–organic framework CuI‐ZrTpmC* with a suite of in situ spectroscopies and density functional theory simulations, and identify an unusual chelating N2O2.− intermediate. These results highlight the advantage provided by site‐isolation in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) for studying important reaction intermediates, and provide a mechanistic scenario compatible with the proposed one‐electron couple in these enzymes.
Cation‐Assisted Lithium‐Ion Transport for High‐Performance PEO‐based Ternary Solid Polymer Electrolytes
Authors: Atik Jaschar , Diddens Diddo , Thienenkamp Johannes Helmut , Brunklaus Gunther , Winter Martin , Paillard Elie 
Published: March 2021

AbstractN‐alkyl‐N‐alkyl pyrrolidinium‐based ionic liquids (ILs) are promising candidates as non‐flammable plasticizers for lowering the operation temperature of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)‐based solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs), but they present limitations in terms of lithium‐ion transport, such as a much lower lithium transference number. Thus, a pyrrolidinium cation was prepared with an oligo(ethylene oxide) substituent with seven repeating units. We show, by a combination of experimental characterizations and simulations, that the cation's solvating properties allow faster lithium‐ion transport than alkyl‐substituted analogues when incorporated in SPEs. This proceeds not only by accelerating the conduction modes of PEO, but also by enabling new conduction modes linked to the solvation of lithium by a single IL cation. This, combined with favorable interfacial properties versus lithium metal, leads to significantly improved performance on lithium‐metal polymer batteries.
Transnasal sphenopalatine ganglion block for post‐dural puncture headache and associated tinnitus
Authors: Chua H. , Loh L. , Mok M. 
Published: March 2021

SummaryLumbar epidurals are frequently inserted for women in labour as they provide excellent analgesia. One of the more common procedural complications is post‐dural puncture headache which can be associated with auditory symptoms such as hearing loss and tinnitus and can be treated with an epidural blood patch. Sphenopalatine ganglion blocks have also been used to treat post‐dural puncture headache but have not been previously shown to resolve the associated tinnitus. We report a case where postural neck pain and tinnitus from an accidental dural puncture during lumbar epidural insertion for labour analgesia was treated successfully with a sphenopalatine ganglion block. Further, we explore the literature on the cause of tinnitus in post‐dural puncture headache and the possible mechanism by which a sphenopalatine ganglion block relieves both post‐dural puncture headache and the associated tinnitus.