bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early discharge on postoperative day 1 following lobectomy for stage I non-small-cell lung cancer is safe in high-volume surgical centres: a national cancer database analysis
Authors: Drawbert Hans E , Hey Matthew T , Tarrazzi Francisco , Block Mark , Razi Syed S 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Shortening hospital length of stay after lobectomy for stage I non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains a challenge, and the literature regarding factors associated with safe early discharge is limited. We sought to evaluate the safety of postoperative day (POD) 1 discharge after lobectomy and its correlation with institutional caseload using the National Cancer Database, jointly sponsored by the American College of Surgeons and the American Cancer Society.

METHODS
We identified patients with stage I NSCLC (tumour ≤4 cm, clinical N0, M0) in the National Cancer Database who underwent lobectomy from 2010 to 2015. Hospital surgical volume was assigned based on total surgical volume for lung cancer. The cohort was divided into 2 groups: POD 1 discharge [length of stay (LOS) ≤ 1] and the standard discharge (LOS &gt; 1). Outcome variables were compared in propensity matched cohorts, and the multivariable regression model was created to assess factors associated with LOS ≤ 1 and the occurrence of adverse events (unplanned readmissions, 30- and 90-day deaths).

RESULTS
A total of 52 830 patients underwent lobectomy for stage I NSCLC across 1231 treating facilities; 3879 (7.3%) patients were discharged on day 1 (LOS ≤ 1), whereas 48 951 (92.7%) were discharged after day 1 (LOS &gt; 1). Factors associated with LOS ≤ 1 included male sex, higher socioeconomic status, right middle lobectomy, minimally invasive surgery and high-volume centres. The risk of adverse events was higher for LOS ≤ 1 in low [odds ratio (OR): 1.913, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.448–2.527; P &lt; 0.001] and median quartiles (OR: 2.258; 95% CI 1.881–2.711; P &lt; 0.001), but equivalent in high-volume centres (OR: 0.871, 95% CI 0.556–1.364; P = 0.54).

CONCLUSIONS
The safety and efficacy of early discharge on POD 1 following lobectomy are associated with lung cancer surgical volume. Implementation of ‘enhanced recovery’ protocols is likely related to safe early discharges from high-volume centres.
The organ in Jewish culture during the long Renaissance
Authors: Frühauf Tina 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Between the 1400s and about 1700, the organ firmly manifested itself in Jewish culture by becoming a subject in the writings of Jewish authors who experienced or envisioned the instrument in specific contexts; it became an object in iconography and materialized in synagogues. These occurrences all link to distinct places in Europe—northern Italy, the Rhine region of Germany and Bohemia. The differing meanings and interpretations of the organ—perceived as an instrument tied to the church, explored through the lens of music theory, and as imagined Jewish antiquity and the otherworld—suggest that the Jewish fascination with the instrument goes hand in hand with a certain kind of imagination, sometimes to the extent of fantasy, often with an oblique glance at non-Jewish practices. During its watershed moments in the long Renaissance, the organ in Jewish culture ultimately reveals notable convergences of European culture and religious and non-religious customs unique to Judaism, documenting the intersection of the different life worlds of early modern Europe.
Coronary flow reserve and cardiovascular outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kelshiker Mihir A , Seligman Henry , Howard James P , Rahman Haseeb , Foley Michael , Nowbar Alexandra N , Rajkumar Christopher A , Shun-Shin Matthew J , Ahmad Yousif , Sen Sayan , Al-Lamee Rasha , Petraco Ricardo ,   Coronary Flow Outcomes reviewing committee, Cole Graham , Hoole Stephen P , Morris Paul D , Rigo Fausto , Francis Darrel P , Mayet Jamil 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Aims
This meta-analysis aims to quantify the association of reduced coronary flow with all-cause mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) across a broad range of patient groups and pathologies.

Methods and results
We systematically identified all studies between 1 January 2000 and 1 August 2020, where coronary flow was measured and clinical outcomes were reported. The endpoints were all-cause mortality and MACE. Estimates of effect were calculated from published hazard ratios (HRs) using a random-effects model. Seventy-nine studies with a total of 59 740 subjects were included. Abnormal coronary flow reserve (CFR) was associated with a higher incidence of all-cause mortality [HR: 3.78, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.39–5.97] and a higher incidence of MACE (HR 3.42, 95% CI: 2.92–3.99). Each 0.1 unit reduction in CFR was associated with a proportional increase in mortality (per 0.1 CFR unit HR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.04–1.29) and MACE (per 0.1 CFR unit HR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.04–1.11). In patients with isolated coronary microvascular dysfunction, an abnormal CFR was associated with a higher incidence of mortality (HR: 5.44, 95% CI: 3.78–7.83) and MACE (HR: 3.56, 95% CI: 2.14–5.90). Abnormal CFR was also associated with a higher incidence of MACE in patients with acute coronary syndromes (HR: 3.76, 95% CI: 2.35–6.00), heart failure (HR: 6.38, 95% CI: 1.95–20.90), heart transplant (HR: 3.32, 95% CI: 2.34–4.71), and diabetes mellitus (HR: 7.47, 95% CI: 3.37–16.55).

Conclusion
Reduced coronary flow is strongly associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality and MACE across a wide range of pathological processes. This finding supports recent recommendations that coronary flow should be measured more routinely in clinical practice, to target aggressive vascular risk modification for individuals at higher risk.
Chromosome Level Genome Assembly and Annotation of Highly Invasive Japanese Stiltgrass (Microstegium vimineum)
Authors: Ramachandran Dhanushya , Huebner Cynthia D , Daly Mark , Haimovitz Jasmine , Swale Thomas , Barrett Craig F 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The invasive Japanese stiltgrass (Microstegium vimineum) affects a wide range of ecosystems and threatens biodiversity across the eastern USA. However, the mechanisms underlying rapid adaptation, plasticity, and epigenetics in the invasive range are largely unknown. We present a chromosome-level assembly for M. vimineum to investigate genome dynamics, evolution, adaptation, and the genomics of phenotypic plasticity. We generated a 1.12-Gb genome with scaffold N50 length of 53.44 Mb respectively, taking a de novo assembly approach that combined PacBio and Dovetail Genomics Omni-C sequencing. The assembly contains 23 pseudochromosomes, representing 99.96% of the genome. BUSCO assessment indicated that 80.3% of Poales gene groups are present in the assembly. The genome is predicted to contain 39,604 protein-coding genes, of which 26,288 are functionally annotated. Furthermore, 66.68% of the genome is repetitive, of which unclassified (35.63%) and long-terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons (26.90%) are predominant. Similar to other grasses, Gypsy (41.07%) and Copia (32%) are the most abundant LTR-retrotransposon families. The majority of LTR-retrotransposons are derived from a significant expansion in the past 1–2 Myr, suggesting the presence of relatively young LTR-retrotransposon lineages. We find corroborating evidence from Ks plots for a stiltgrass-specific duplication event, distinct from the more ancient grass-specific duplication event. The assembly and annotation of M. vimineum will serve as an essential genomic resource facilitating studies of the invasion process, the history and consequences of polyploidy in grasses, and provides a crucial tool for natural resource managers.
Covid-19—A game changer for medical education? Reflections from England
Authors: Vaux Emma , Moss Fiona 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe COVID 19 pandemic has not only been a massive disruptor of the delivery of health care but has also disrupted the education of many health care professionals including doctors in postgraduate training programmes. Supporting these individuals and getting their training on track is clearly a priority for educators. But the impact of the pandemic has created opportunities and exposed some important questions for health care education. Some of the ways these may be harnessed and used to expedite the modernisation of medical education are explored in this paper.
Ties That Bias in International Conflict: A Spatial Approach to Dyadic Dependence from Alliance Ties and Inbetweenness
Authors: Gartzke Erik A , Gleditsch Kristian Skrede 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Much of international behavior is linked spatially and temporally. Yet, analyses of interstate interactions generally either assume independence among units or resort to technical solutions to dependence that “throw away” relevant information. We detail a more informative and satisfying approach to modeling spatial dependence from extra-dyadic linkages in alliance ties and geographical proximity as specific pathways of conflict contagion. Beyond deterrence, the purpose of alliances is to draw other parties into dyadic contests, but most existing research on conflict onset generally only considers alliance ties within an individual dyad or external intervention in the same dispute. We develop new measures on third- and fourth-party alliance ties, demonstrating direct and indirect spatial effects of alliances on conflict onset. Similarly, ongoing contests can spread geographically, but dyads in some locations are much more at risk for conflict onset than others. We provide a new theory of geographic “inbetweenness” in conflict and show that dyads involving specific locations and ties to the ongoing conflict are much more likely to see dispute onset, even accounting for other purely dyadic factors. Beyond the intrinsic interest in the impacts of extra-dyadic position and alliances on conflict, our spatial approach can be applied more broadly to other extra-dyadic ties.
Pancreas Islet Cell-Specific Antibody Detection by ELISA
Authors: Van Aelst Sophie , Gillard Pieter , Weets Ilse , Dillaerts Doreen , Billen Jaak , Mathieu Chantal , Bossuyt Xavier 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Islet cell-specific autoantibodies are useful to classify diabetes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of commercially available ELISAs to detect autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase 65-kDa isoform (GADA), tyrosine phosphatase-related islet antigen 2 (IA-2A), zinc transporter protein 8 (ZnT8A), and insulin (IAA). The performance of ELISA was compared to the performance of RIA.

Methods
We retrospectively identified 76 newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus patients (median age 27 years, female/male: 0.65) and 131 disease controls (median age 45 years, female/male: 0.60). The ELISAs were from Medipan. RIAs were in-house methods from the Belgian Diabetes Registry or from Medipan or DIASource.

Results
Sensitivity and specificity of ELISA were, respectively, 97% and 97% for GADA, 61% and 99% for IA-2A, 1% and 96% for IAA, and 70% and 98% for ZnT8A. The likelihood ratio for type 1 diabetes increased with increasing antibody levels for GADA, IA-2A, and ZnT8A measured by ELISA. The positive predictive value of double positivity for either GADA, IA-2A, or ZnT8A was 100%.

Conclusions
The ELISAs to detect GADA, IA-2A, and ZnT8A have good performance characteristics. Combining autoantibody assays and taking into account antibody levels improves the interpretation of autoantibody testing.
Natural language inference for curation of structured clinical registries from unstructured text
Authors: Percha Bethany , Pisapati Kereeti , Gao Cynthia , Schmidt Hank 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objective
Clinical registries—structured databases of demographic, diagnosis, and treatment information—play vital roles in retrospective studies, operational planning, and assessment of patient eligibility for research, including clinical trials. Registry curation, a manual and time-intensive process, is always costly and often impossible for rare or underfunded diseases. Our goal was to evaluate the feasibility of natural language inference (NLI) as a scalable solution for registry curation.

Materials and Methods
We applied five state-of-the-art, pretrained, deep learning-based NLI models to clinical, laboratory, and pathology notes to infer information about 43 different breast oncology registry fields. Model inferences were evaluated against a manually curated, 7439 patient breast oncology research database.

Results
NLI models showed considerable variation in performance, both within and across fields. One model, ALBERT, outperformed the others (BART, RoBERTa, XLNet, and ELECTRA) on 22 out of 43 fields. A detailed error analysis revealed that incorrect inferences primarily arose through models' tendency to misinterpret historical findings, as well as confusion based on abbreviations and subtle term variants common in clinical text.

Discussion and Conclusion
Traditional natural language processing methods require specially annotated training sets or the construction of a separate model for each registry field. In contrast, a single pretrained NLI model can curate dozens of different fields simultaneously. Surprisingly, NLI methods remain unexplored in the clinical domain outside the realm of shared tasks and benchmarks. Modern NLI models could increase the efficiency of registry curation, even when applied “out of the box” with no additional training.
The effect of injectable vitamin C and road transit duration on inflammation, muscle fatigue, and performance in pre-conditioned beef steer calves
Authors: Beenken Aubree M , Deters Erin L , Hansen Stephanie L 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This study examined the effects of injectable vitamin C (VC) before transport and duration of transit on feedlot performance, inflammation, and muscle fatigue in cattle. One hundred thirty-two Angus-cross steers (393 ± 4 kg) were stratified by body weight (BW) to a 2 × 2 factorial of intramuscular injection (INJ; 20 mL/steer): VC (250 mg sodium ascorbate/mL) or saline (SAL) and road transit duration (DUR): 18 h (18-h; 1,770 km) or 8 h (8-h; 727 km). On day 0, steers were weighed and given INJ of VC or SAL immediately before transport. Upon return (day 1), BW and blood were collected before steers returned to pens equipped with GrowSafe bunks. Steers were weighed on days 0, 1, 7, 15, 30, 31, 54, and 55. Data were analyzed via ProcMixed of SAS (experimental unit = steer; 32 to 34 steers/treatment) with fixed effects of INJ, DUR, and the interaction. Blood was collected on days −5, 1, 2, 3, and 7 (n = 9 steers/treatment); blood parameters were analyzed as repeated measures with the repeated effect of day. Area under the curve (AUC) for plasma ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) was calculated using R. Final BW was greater for 8 h compared to 18 h (P = 0.05) with no effect of INJ or interaction (P ≥ 0.51). Dry matter intake (DMI) from days 1 to 7 was greater for VC-8, intermediate for VC-18 and SAL-18, and least for SAL-8 (P = 0.02). Overall, DMI tended to be greatest for SAL-18, intermediate for VC-18 and VC-8, and least for SAL-8 (P = 0.08). Days 7 to 31 gain:feed (G:F) was greatest for VC-18 compared to other treatments (INJ × DUR, P = 0.05), and there was no effect of treatment on overall G:F (P ≥ 0. 19). There was no INJ or INJ × DAY (P ≥ 0.17) effect on serum lactate, haptoglobin, or non-esterified fatty acid. However, these blood parameters were greater on day 1 for 18 h compared to 8 h, and both treatments returned to near baseline by day 3 (DUR × DAY, P &lt; 0.01). Plasma ascorbate concentrations on day 1 were greater for VC compared to SAL and returned to baseline by day 2 (INJ × DAY, P &lt; 0.01). Plasma FRAP AUC from days −5 to 3 was greatest for VC-18, intermediate for VC-8 and SAL-8, and least for SAL-18 (INJ × DAY, P = 0.02). This suggests an antioxidant prior to long-haul transit positively influenced antioxidant capacity; however, VC did not improve overall post-transit performance. Although longer transit duration increased indicators of muscle fatigue and inflammation, post-transit performance was not appreciably different between transit durations.
Resurfacing in Facial Burn Sequelae Using Parascapular Free Flap: A Long-Term Experience
Authors: Kalra Gurdyal Singh , Kalra Sushrut , Gupta Samarth 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
It is difficult to treat large postburn sequelae (scars and defects) over the face. Available methods include skin grafts, local flaps, tissue expansion, and free flaps. These surgical options should be chosen wisely, depending on individual patient requirements and the area involved. In patients with large postburn scars and defects in which the surrounding tissue is also involved, use of free tissue transfer is extremely useful. A retrospective analysis was done between 2011 and 2019 of 52 cases with extensive facial burn deformities in whom secondary reconstruction was done with free parascapular flap cover in our department. Outcome was assessed by a direct questionnaire. There was no complete flap loss in the series. Two cases were re-explored for venous insufficiency and suffered partial marginal necrosis. Twenty patients had to undergo further debulking procedure. Forty-seven patients were satisfied by the final outcome. Postburn facial deformities are difficult to treat; in many cases, there are no local options, and tissue from different regions is to be used for reconstruction. Free parascapular flaps can be used as an effective method in such cases with a high level of patient satisfaction.
Comparative Population Growth of the Khapra Beetle (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) and the Warehouse Beetle (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) on Wheat and Rice
Authors: Lampiri Evagelia , Baliota Georgia V , Morrison William R , Domingue Michael J , Athanassiou Christos G 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We evaluated the relative population growth of two stored-product insect species in the genus Trogoderma, the khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae), and the warehouse beetle, Trogoderma variabile Ballion (Coleoptera: Dermestidae). Ten adults of each species were placed in vials containing wheat or paddy rice. These tests were performed at 27 and 32°C and the number of adults in the vials were counted after 35 and 70 days. For all the time intervals and temperatures of both species on wheat, the resulting larval abundances were similar, with the exception of 27°C at 70 days where more T. variabile larvae developed. At the higher temperature, both species had similar population growth on rice. However, the success was mixed at 27°C with T. granarium having a greater abundance after 35 days, while T. variabile dominated after 70 days. Frass production in both commodities was usually similar for the two species, but greater frass production occurred by T. variabile on wheat after 70 days at 27°C, while T. granarium produced more frass on rice after 35 days at 32°C. Both species nearly always caused equivalent commodity damage. Our research suggests that under ideal conditions these two closely, but very differently treated species in commerce from the genus Trogoderma have comparable population growth, and cause similar damage on wheat and rice.
The influence of social context on pinyon mouse (Peromyscus truei) vocalizations
Authors: Kobrina Anastasiya , Letowt Mariah E , Pasch Bret 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Mice in the diverse genus Peromyscus are emerging as important models in the study of acoustic communication. However, reports on vocal repertoires exist for only 8 of the 56 currently recognized species. Descriptions of acoustic content and context are necessary to facilitate comparative studies. In this study, we present the first recordings of wild-captured pinyon mice (Peromyscus truei) in the laboratory in different social contexts. Similar to other Peromyscus species, pinyon mice produced four general types of vocalizations, including sustained vocalizations (SVs), barks, simple sweeps, and complex sweeps. SVs were produced primarily by females in social isolation, highlighting the potential significance of SVs in female advertisement behavior. While agonistic barks were rare, simple and complex sweeps were reliably produced in response to olfactory cues from same- and opposite-sex mice, and in paired contexts. Opposite-sex pairs produced significantly more complex sweeps than same-sex pairs, consistent with the well-supported function of sweeps in coordinating close-distance interactions. In addition, females produced sweeps with lower peak frequencies following separation from their social partner, indicative of a sex-specific mechanism to facilitate advertisement to potential mates and competitors. Together, our findings highlight the importance of social context in rodent vocal production, the significance of female vocal behavior, and the continued need to sample understudied species to better understand similarities and differences in rodent communication systems.
Prevalence and location of survivable skeletal injuries in two North American tree squirrels (Sciurus)
Authors: Moncrief Nancy D , Hightower Liberty , Mead Alfred J , Ivanov Kaloyan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Skeletal injuries, especially broken bones, diminish physical mobility of animals, and they may affect an individual’s ability to obtain food and to evade predators. We quantified and compared healed fractures in two sympatric species of tree squirrels (Sciurus niger Linnaeus, 1758 and S. carolinensis Gmelin, 1788) that differ in body size (mass) and locomotor mode. We assessed the number and location of healed fractures in two urban populations of S. carolinensis and in individuals of both species from one rural location. We found a higher-than-expected proportion of healed fractures in older animals of both species. However, we detected no deviations from expected in the number of healed fractures between the two species or between sexes within a species. Urban populations of S. carolinensis exhibited significantly higher-than-expected proportions of healed fractures, and they were approximately 4.5 times more likely to have a healed injury as compared to rural S. carolinensis. Our findings suggest that S. carolinensis in urban populations experience a higher rate of injury and/or a higher rate of survival after injury than those in rural populations.
State Compliance with International Law in Intelligence Matters: A Behavioural Approach
Authors: Duroy Sophie 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Decision-making in intelligence matters is often assumed to be an extra-legal process. This article however shows that the determining factor in compliance is a legal one: the likelihood of the state being held effectively accountable for a breach of international law. Through a behavioural analysis of state conduct in intelligence matters and the modelling of intelligence decision-making, the article demonstrates that state behaviour in intelligence matters can be explained and predicted. Taking compliance as the standard for assessing the effectiveness of regulation, this finding has strategic implications for the actors of the international legal order attempting to enhance compliance. Specifically, increasing the likelihood of effective accountability increases the probability of compliance and decreases the weight given to extra-legal and domestic considerations in decision-making, regardless of the activity and state considered. Hence, rather than focusing on the regulatory framework itself (international law), regulatory approaches aiming to enhance compliance should focus on improving accountability.