bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduction of thromboembolic complications during the endovascular treatment of unruptured aneurysms by employing a tailored dual antiplatelet regimen using aspirin and prasugrel
Authors: Higashiguchi Saeko , Sadato Akiyo , Nakahara Ichiro , Matsumoto Shoji , Hayakawa Motoharu , Adachi Kazuhide , Hasebe Akiko , Suyama Yoshio , Omi Tatsuo , Yamashiro Kei , Wakako Akira , Ishihara Takuma , Kawazoe Yushi , Kumai Tadashi , Tanabe Jun , Suyama Kenichiro , Watanabe Sadayoshi , Suzuki Takeya , Hirose Yuichi 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundThromboembolic complications (TECs) are frequent during the endovascular treatment of unruptured aneurysms. To prevent TECs, dual antiplatelet therapy using aspirin and clopidogrel is recommended for the perioperative period. In patients with a poor response, clopidogrel is a risk factor for TECs. To prevent TECs, our study assessed the stratified use of prasugrel.MethodsPatients who underwent endovascular therapy for unruptured cerebral aneurysms from April 2017 to August 2019 were enrolled in this clinical study and given premedication with aspirin and clopidogrel for 2 weeks prior to the procedure. P2Y12 reaction units (PRU) were measured using the VerifyNow assay on the day before the procedure (tailored group). In subgroups with PRU <240, the clopidogrel dose was maintained (CPG subgroup). In subgroups with PRU ≥240, clopidogrel was changed to prasugrel (PSG subgroup). We compared the occurrence of TECs with retrospective consecutive cases from January 2015 to March 2017 without PRU assessments (non-tailored group). The frequency of TECs within 30 days was assessed as the primary endpoint.ResultsThe tailored and non-tailored groups comprised 167 and 50 patients, respectively. TECs occurred in 11 (6.6%) and 8 (16%) patients in the tailored and non-tailored groups (P=0.048), respectively. The HR for TECs was significantly reduced in the tailored group (HR 0.3, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.81); P=0.017) compared with the non-tailored group.ConclusionThe results suggest that tailored dual antiplatelet therapy medication with PRU significantly reduces the frequency of TECs without increasing hemorrhagic complications.
Stenting the carotid artery from radial access using a Simmons guide catheter
Authors: Heck Don , Jost Alec , Howard George 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundCarotid artery stenting (CAS) is a procedure for stroke prevention, usually done from femoral artery access. Reports of CAS using radial artery access have adopted techniques similar to those used for transfemoral CAS. Initial experience with a simpler and lower profile technique for transradial carotid stenting is described here.MethodsOf 55 consecutive elective CAS cases with standard (not bovine) arch anatomy performed during a 15 month time period by the same operator, 20 were selected for transradial treatment using a 6 F Simmons 2 guide catheter. This was a retrospective analysis of those initial 20 patients compared with the 35 patients treated with elective transfemoral CAS. The CAS database was reviewed for clinical indications, technique, procedure and fluoroscopy times, and clinical outcomes.ResultsAll procedures were technically successful (no crossovers). No patient had a decline in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score or modified Rankin Scale score within 30 days. Mean (95% CI) procedural times for transradial CAS were slightly higher than transfemoral CAS (29.4 (26.0 to 32.7) vs 23.8 (21.2 to 26.4) min, p=0.0098). Mean (95% CI) fluoroscopy times were also higher for transradial CAS compared with transfemoral CAS (9.6 (8.0 to 11.2) vs 6.4 (5.4 to 7.4), p=0.0006). One patient developed a radial artery pseudoaneurysm which required elective surgical repair.ConclusionTransradial carotid stenting using the described lower profile technique provides another effective option in the array of surgical procedures for the treatment of carotid artery stenosis. Relative procedural and fluoroscopy times may initially be longer compared with transfemoral carotid stenting for experienced CAS operators, although absolute differences are small.
Radial first or patient first: a case series and meta-analysis of transradial versus transfemoral access for acute ischemic stroke intervention
Authors: Siddiqui Adnan H , Waqas Muhammad , Neumaier Jenna , Zhang Jeff F , Dossani Rimal H , Cappuzzo Justin M , Van Coevering III Russell J , Rai Hamid H , Monteiro Andre , Sonig Ashish , Davies Jason M , Snyder Kenneth V , Levy Elad I 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundFew studies have compared technical success and effectiveness of transradial access (TRA) versus transfemoral access (TFA) for mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS). We compared the two approaches for technical success, effectiveness, and outcomes.MethodsWe retrospectively compared TRA with TFA for AIS MT at our institute. We additionally performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies describing the use of TRA alone or in comparison with TFA for MT. Primary outcomes included rate of successful reperfusion (thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (TICI)>2b), number of passes, access-site complications, and 3- month mortality and favorable functional outcomes (modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score 0–2).ResultsA total of 222 consecutive patients (TRA=93, TFA=129) were included in our case series. The rate of successful reperfusion was significantly higher for the TFA cohort (91.4% vs 79.6%, P=0.01) with lower mean number of passes (1.8±1.2 vs 2.4±1.6, P=0.014). Three-month mortality in the TFA group was lower (22.1% vs 40.9% for the TRA cohort (P=0.004), with a higher rate of favorable functional outcomes (51.3% vs 34.1%, P=0.015). A meta-analysis of 10 studies showed significant heterogeneity in rates of successful reperfusion (57.1% to 95.6%, heterogeneity=67.55%, P=0.001). None of the previous comparative studies reported 3-month mortality and functional outcomes.ConclusionsThis case series demonstrate a higher successful reperfusion rate, fewer passes, lower 3-month mortality, and improved 3-month functional outcomes with TFA. The systematic review highlights the inadequacy of existing evidence. Prospective comparative studies are needed before a ‘radial-first’ approach can be adopted for stroke intervention.
Treatment of distal unruptured intracranial aneurysms using a surface-modified flow diverter under prasugrel monotherapy: a pilot safety trial
Authors: de Castro-Afonso Luis Henrique , Nakiri Guilherme Seizem , Abud Thiago Giansante , Monsignore Lucas Moretti , Freitas Rafael Kiyuze , de Oliveira Ricardo Santos , Colli Benedicto Oscar , dos Santos Antônio Carlos , Abud Daniel Giansante 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundFlow diverters (FDs) are effective in the treatment of carotid aneurysms. Compared with carotid aneurysms, the treatment of distal intracranial aneurysms with FDs has been associated with a relatively high incidence of complications. Low thrombogenic modified-surface FDs may reduce ischemic complications and allow for the use of a single antiplatelet medication. The aim of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of the p48 MW HPC Flow Modulation Device (Phenox GmbH, Bochum, Germany) to treat distal intracranial aneurysms used in combination with prasugrel monotherapy.MethodsThis was a single-center, prospective, pivotal, open, single-arm study. Patients were included in this study from December 2019 to September 2020. The primary endpoints were the incidence of any neurologic deficit after treatment until 1 month of follow-up, defined as National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) ≥1, and the incidence of acute ischemic lesions in magnetic resonance imagin (MRI) images 48 hours after treatment. The secondary endpoint was the rate of complete occlusion of the aneurysms at the 1-month follow-up.ResultsTwenty-one patients harboring 27 distal aneurysms of the anterior circulation were included. Mean age was 57.8 (SD 9.7) years, and 16 patients were female (80%). No patient had neurologic symptoms at the 1-month follow-up. Four patients (20%) had asymptomatic acute brain ischemic lesions on MRI. Complete aneurysm occlusion occurred in 9/27 (33.3%) aneurysms at the 1-month follow-up.ConclusionIn this pilot safety trial, treatment of distal intracranial aneurysms with p48 MW HPC under monotherapy with prasugrel appeared to be safe.
Low serum albumin levels predict poor outcome in patients with acute ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack
Authors: Zhou Hongyu , Wang Anxin , Meng Xia , Lin Jinxi , Jiang Yong , Jing Jing , Zuo Yingting , Wang Yilong , Zhao Xingquan , Li Hao , Wang Yongjun 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundTo examine the relationship of serum albumin with poor functional outcome and mortality in patients with acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) or transient ischaemic attack (TIA), and perform a meta-analysis to summarise the association.MethodsWe analysed data from the Third China National Stroke Registry (CNSR-Ⅲ). Patients were divided into four groups based on serum albumin levels at admission. The outcomes included poor functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 3 to 6) and mortality at 3 months and 1 year. Multiple logistic regression models and Cox regression models were used to evaluate the association, respectively. We used a fixed-effect model to calculate the risk ratio for poor functional outcome and a random-effect model for mortality in the meta-analysis.ResultsA total of 13 618 patients were enrolled. During the 3-month follow-up period, compared with 40 to 44.9 g/L group, patients in <35 g/L group had an increased risk of poor functional outcome and mortality (adjusted OR 1.37 (95% CI 1.12 to 1.67); adjusted HR 2.13 (95% CI 1.41 to 3.23)). The relationship in per 10 g/L decreased serum albumin with prognosis was consistently inversed (adjusted OR 1.17 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.35); adjusted HR 1.86 (95% CI 1.30 to 2.64)). Also, low serum albumin levels were independently correlated with clinical outcomes at 1 year. In the meta-analysis, the OR for poor functional outcome pooled 3 studies per 1 g/L decrease was 1.03 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.05), and the HR for mortality pooled 5 studies was 1.07 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.11).ConclusionsLow serum albumin levels predict poor functional outcome and mortality in patients with AIS or TIA.
Economic cost of tobacco smoking and secondhand smoke exposure at home in Thailand
Authors: Komonpaisarn Touchanun 
Published: February 2021

IntroductionSmoking is an important public health concern. This study is the first that attempts to estimate the economic cost of smoking and secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure at home in Thailand.MethodA prevalence-based cost of illness approach following the guideline by WHO is employed.ResultIn 2017, the direct morbidity cost attributable to smoking and SHS exposure at home in Thailand was estimated to be at least US$265.97 million and US$23.66 million, respectively. Indirect morbidity costs from workday loss totalling US$25.04 million can be linked to smoking, while US$1.72 million was the result of SHS exposure at home. Smoking-attributable premature deaths resulted in an opportunity loss to the country equivalent to US$2.48 billion, while the figure was US$181.41 million for SHS exposure at home. Total years of life lost due to smoking and SHS-attributable premature deaths are estimated to have been at least 390 955 years for males and 82 536 years for females. The total economic cost from both types of tobacco exposure amounted to US$2.98 billion, equivalent to 17.41% of Thailand’s current health expenditure or 0.65% of its gross domestic product in 2017.ConclusionSmoking imposed a substantial economic burden on Thailand in 2017. Seven per cent of this cost was imposed on non-smokers sharing a residence with smokers. Females bore 80% of this SHS-related cost. The findings call for prompt responses from public health agencies in Thailand to launch effective tobacco control policies.
Aerobic training, resistance training, or their combination as a means to fight against excess weight and metabolic syndrome in obese students — which is the most effective modality? A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Said Mohamed Ahmed , Abdelmoneim Mohamed Abdelrahman , Alibrahim Mohamed Shaab , Kotb Ahmed Abdel Hamed 
Published: February 2021

This study aimed to determine the effects of either aerobic training (AT) or resistance training (RT) or both (A+RT) on obesity and its comorbidities in young adults. A total of 61 participants, aged 21.74 ± 1.42 years and with a body mass (BM) index (BMI) of 36.21 ± 2.43 kg/m2, were randomized for 12 weeks into control (CONT, n = 15), AT (n = 15), RT (n = 16), and A+RT (n = 15) groups. BM, body composition, and cardiovascular disease risk factors were assessed before and after intervention. BM did not change in the CONT and RT groups but decreased significantly by 7.5 kg in the AT (p ≤ 0.05) and 8.82 kg in the A+RT (p ≤ 0.05) groups, respectively. Significant reductions were also noted in waist circumference, BMI, and body fat percentage in the exercising groups. The most significant variations were in the A+RT group. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations were increased after A+RT by 2.39 mg/dL. Significant reductions were also noted in very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) concentrations (−2.84 mg/dL) in the A+RT group. AT alone is effective in improving BM and body composition, while RT alone improves the body composition and A+RT ensures better outcomes concerning BM, body composition, HDL-C, and VLDL-C. Novelty: Aerobic training alone is effective in improving BM and body composition. Resistance training alone improves the body composition. The combination of aerobic and resistance exercises ensures better outcomes for BM, body composition, HDL-C, and VLDL-C.
From oscillation dip to oscillation valley in atmospheric neutrino experiments
Authors: Kumar Anil , Khatun Amina , Agarwalla Sanjib Kumar , Dighe Amol 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAtmospheric neutrino experiments can show the “oscillation dip” feature in data, due to their sensitivity over a large L/E range. In experiments that can distinguish between neutrinos and antineutrinos, like INO, oscillation dips can be observed in both these channels separately. We present the dip-identification algorithm employing a data-driven approach – one that uses the asymmetry in the upward-going and downward-going events, binned in the reconstructed L/E of muons – to demonstrate the dip, which would confirm the oscillation hypothesis. We further propose, for the first time, the identification of an “oscillation valley” in the reconstructed ($$E_\mu $$

E
μ

,$$\,\cos \theta _\mu $$

cos

θ
μ

) plane, feasible for detectors like ICAL having excellent muon energy and direction resolutions. We illustrate how this two-dimensional valley would offer a clear visual representation and test of the L/E dependence, the alignment of the valley quantifying the atmospheric mass-squared difference. Owing to the charge identification capability of the ICAL detector at INO, we always present our results using $$\mu ^{-}$$

μ
-

and $$\mu ^{+}$$

μ
+

events separately. Taking into account the statistical fluctuations and systematic errors, and varying oscillation parameters over their currently allowed ranges, we estimate the precision to which atmospheric neutrino oscillation parameters would be determined with the 10-year simulated data at ICAL using our procedure.
The
Halimedides
record in the Asturian Basin (northern Spain): supporting the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event relationship
Authors: Fernández-Martínez Javier , Rodríguez-Tovar Francisco J. , Piñuela Laura , Martínez-Ruiz Francisca , García-Ramos José Carlos 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Recent ichnological analysis conducted in two sections (Rodiles and Lastres) of the Asturian Basin revealed the presence of
Halimedides
Lorenz von Liburnau 1902, which occurs just above the black shales related to the end of the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event (T-OAE).
Halimedides
is associated with recovery of the trace-maker community after the re-establishment of favourable, oxic, conditions. The appearance of
Halimedides
after the T-OAE event, previously not registered, supports the close relationship of the trace maker with oxygen conditions, as occurs in other anoxic events including the Cretaceous OAE-1a and OAE-2. Also, a relationship between morphometric and palaeoenvironmental parameters is observed: occurring larger and densely chambered specimens in darker, weakly oxygenated facies, while smaller and sparsely chambered forms are registered in lighter, better oxygenated sediments.
Prospective Evaluation of Doxorubicin Cardiotoxicity in Patients with Advanced Soft-tissue Sarcoma Treated in the ANNOUNCE Phase III Randomized Trial
Authors: Jones Robin L. , Wagner Andrew J. , Kawai Akira , Tamura Kazuo , Shahir Ashwin , Van Tine Brian A. , Martín-Broto Javier , Peterson Patrick M. , Wright Jennifer , Tap William D. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Purpose:
Few prospective studies have assessed anthracycline-associated cardiotoxicity in patients with sarcoma. We evaluated cardiotoxicity in patients with soft-tissue sarcomas administered doxorubicin in the phase III ANNOUNCE trial (NCT02451943).

Patients and Methods:
Patients were anthracycline-naïve adults with locally advanced or metastatic disease and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥50%. Patients could receive eight cycles of doxorubicin at 75 mg/m2. The cardioprotectant, dexrazoxane, was allowed at investigator discretion. Symptomatic cardiac adverse events (AEs) were recorded using Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities and graded using Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events 4.0. LVEF deterioration was measured by echocardiogram or multigated acquisition scan, defined as a decrease to &lt;50%, or decrease from baseline value &gt;10%.

Results:
A total of 504 patients received ≥1 cycles of doxorubicin [median cumulative dose, 450.3 mg/m2 (range, 72.3–634.0)]. Median follow-up of cardiac AEs was 28 weeks. Dexrazoxane was coadministered more frequently to patients receiving higher cumulative doxorubicin doses (38.6% receiving &lt;450 mg/m2, 88.5% receiving 450–&lt;600 mg/m2, and 90% receiving ≥600 mg/m2) and did not affect treatment efficacy. LVEF deterioration was seen in 62 of 153 (40.5%) patients who received a cumulative dose &lt;450 mg/m2, 82 of 159 patients (51.6%) who received 450–&lt;600 mg/m2, and 50 of 89 patients (56.2%) who received ≥600 mg/m2. Grade ≥3 cardiac dysfunction occurred in 2% of patients at &lt;450 mg/m2, 3% at 450–&lt;600 mg/m2, and 1.1% at ≥600 mg/m2. Incidence of treatment-related cardiac AEs was low across all dose ranges.

Conclusions:
Although follow-up was short, these results suggest doxorubicin can be administered at high cumulative doses (&gt;450 mg/m2), with a low rate of cardiotoxicities, in the context of dexrazoxane coadministration.
See related commentary by Benjamin and Minotti, p. 3809
Identification and Characterization of IMD-0354 as a Glutamine Carrier Protein Inhibitor in Melanoma
Authors: Feng Yongmei , Pathria Gaurav , Heynen-Genel Susanne , Jackson Michael , James Brian , Yin Jun , Scott David A. , Ronai Ze'ev A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA key hallmark of cancer, altered metabolism, is central to cancer pathogenesis and therapy resistance. Robust glutamine metabolism is among cellular processes regulating tumor progression and responsiveness to therapy in a number of cancers, including melanoma and breast cancer. Among mechanisms underlying the increase in glutamine metabolism in tumors is enhanced glutamine uptake mediated by the glutamine transporters, with SLC1A5 (also known as ASCT2) shown to play a predominant role. Correspondingly, increased SLC1A5 expression coincides with poorer survival in patients with breast cancer and melanoma. Therefore, we performed an image-based screen to identify small molecules that are able to prevent the localization of SLC1A5 to the plasma membrane without impacting cell shape. From 7,000 small molecules, nine were selected as hits, of which one (IMD-0354) qualified for further detailed functional assessment. IMD-0354 was confirmed as a potent inhibitor of glutamine uptake that attained sustained low intracellular glutamine levels. Concomitant with its inhibition of glutamine uptake, IMD-0354 attenuated mTOR signaling, suppressed two- and three-dimensional growth of melanoma cells, and induced cell-cycle arrest, autophagy, and apoptosis. Pronounced effect of IMD-0354 was observed in different tumor-derived cell lines, compared with nontransformed cells. RNA-sequencing analysis identified the unfolded protein response, cell cycle, and response (DNA damage response pathways) to be affected by IMD-0354. Combination of IMD-0354 with GLS1 or LDHA inhibitors enhanced melanoma cell death. In vivo, IMD-0354 suppressed melanoma growth in a xenograft model. As a modulator of glutamine metabolism, IMD-0354 may serve as an important therapeutic and experimental tool that deserves further examination.
Taxanes Sensitize Prostate Cancer Cells to TRAIL-Induced Apoptotic Synergy via Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress
Authors: Grayson Korie A. , Hope Jacob M. , Wang Wenjun , Reinhart-King Cynthia A. , King Michael R. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Docetaxel and cabazitaxel are guideline-chemotherapy treatments for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), which comprises the majority of prostate cancer deaths. TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) is an anticancer agent that is selectively cytotoxic to cancer cells; however, many human cancers are resistant to TRAIL. In this study, we sensitized androgen-independent and TRAIL-resistant prostate cancer cells to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis via taxane therapy and examined the mechanism of sensitization. DU145 and PC3 cells displayed no significant reduction in cell viability when treated with soluble TRAIL, docetaxel, or cabazitaxel alone indicating that both cell lines are resistant to TRAIL and taxanes individually. Taxane and TRAIL combination synergistically amplified apoptosis strongly suggesting that taxanes sensitize prostate cancer cells to TRAIL. A Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) inhibitor inhibited apoptosis in treated cells and significantly reduced death receptor expression indicating JNK activation by ER stress sensitizes PCa cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis by upregulating DR4/DR5 expression. In addition, suppression of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) reduced TRAIL sensitization in both cell lines indicating that ER stress–related apoptosis is mediated, in part, by CHOP. Cytochrome c knockdown showed a significant decrease in sensitivity in PC3 cells, but not in Bax-deficient DU145 cells. A computational model was used to simulate apoptosis for cells treated with taxane and TRAIL therapy as demonstrated in in vitro experiments. Pretreatment with taxanes sensitized cells to apoptosis induced by TRAIL-mediated apoptosis, demonstrating that combining TRAIL with ER stress inducers is a promising therapy to reverse TRAIL resistance to treat mCRPC.