bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forb community response to prescribed fire, livestock grazing, and an invasive annual grass in the Pacific Northwest Bunchgrass Prairie
Authors: Watson Brogan L. , Lukas Scott B. , Morris Lesley R. , DeBano Sandra J. , Schmalz Heidi J. , Leffler A. Joshua 
Published: October 2021

AbstractQuestionsGrassland degradation due to agriculture, changing fire regimes, and invasive species negatively affects forb communities. Conserving forbs and the services they provide requires a better understanding of their responses to interacting disturbances. Although fire and livestock grazing are important disturbances, their effect on forb communities in the Pacific Northwest Bunchgrass Prairies is not fully understood. Our objectives were to: (a) determine how prescribed fire and livestock grazing influence forb community composition, cover, species richness, and diversity over a 10‐year span; (b) identify indicator species for each treatment; and (c) quantify forb responses to increasing cover of the invasive grass Ventenata dubia.LocationPacific Northwest Bunchgrass Prairie, Oregon, USA.MethodsWe monitored plant responses in a manipulative study established in 2004 with four treatments (prescribed fire, livestock grazing, both fire and grazing, and a control with no fire or grazing). Fall burns occurred in 2006 and 2016.ResultsForb communities changed significantly over 10 years and were influenced more by fire than cattle grazing. Treatments involving fire were more associated with annual forbs and fewer perennial species than treatments not burned. Although forb cover was lower in grazed compared to ungrazed treatments, richness and diversity did not differ among treatments. Several fire‐adapted forb species were associated with burned treatments. Forb cover and richness was negatively correlated with Ventenata dubia cover in 2016 and 2018 when cover of this invasive species reached 20%–37%.ConclusionsWe found fall prescribed burns at a ten‐year return interval affected forb community composition and cover but not richness or diversity. Fire may promote annual and fire‐tolerant perennial forbs, but this relationship may be compromised by Ventenata dubia invasions. This study provides insights into management strategies aimed at conserving forb communities and emphasizes the need for continued monitoring of the Ventenata dubia invasion in this unique prairie.
Links between justice sensitivity and moral reasoning, moral emotions, and moral identity in middle childhood
Authors: Strauß Sophie , Bondü Rebecca 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAssociations between moral‐related traits, such as justice sensitivity (JS), the tendency to negatively respond to injustice, and moral development are largely unknown. From May to December 2018, 1329 5‐ to 12‐year‐olds (M = 8.05, SD = 1.02; 51.2% girls, 1.3% transgender and gender‐nonconforming) from Germany rated their JS, moral reasoning, emotions, and identity; parents and teachers rated children's theory of mind (ToM) and empathy. Victim JS (caring for own justice) predicted more attributions of positive emotions to norm transgressors in structural equation models (β = .295). Altruistic JS (caring for other's justice) predicted less attributions of positive emotions (β = −.343) and a stronger moral identity (β = .392) unless ToM was considered. Particularly altruistic JS showed associations with advanced moral development. Hence, moral‐related traits deserve more attention by moral‐development research.
Potential role of tumor‐associated macrophages and CD163/CD68 ratio in mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome in correlation with serum sCD163 and CCL22
Authors: El‐Guindy Dina M. , Elgarhy Lamia H. , Elkholy Rasha A. , Ali Dina A. , Helal Duaa S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCurrently, there are no curative treatment options for mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sézary syndrome (SS) other than stem cell transplant. Understanding the interplay between tumor cells and tumor microenvironment could aid in the development of new therapies. Tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) mostly have M2 phenotype that promotes tumor progression. This study investigated CD68+ and CD163+ TAMs as well as CD163/CD68 ratio in skin lesions from different stages of MF, large‐plaque parapsoriasis, and SS. Moreover, we analyzed serum levels of sCD163 and CCL22 in correlation with TAMs count and CD163/CD68 ratio. CD68+ and CD163+ TAMs count significantly increased as the disease progressed. CD163/CD68 ratio was highest at MF tumor stage and SS indicating M2 polarization with disease progression. Significant positive correlations were detected between serum levels of sCD163 and CCL22 and CD68+ and CD163+ TAMs count and CD163/CD68 ratio. We concluded that TAMs play an important role in MF progression. High CD163/CD68 ratio in tumor stage MF and SS indicates M2 polarization of TAMs with tumor progression. CD163/CD68 ratio should be considered in assessing TAMs rather than total TAMs count. Also, sCD163 and CCL22 serum levels reflect M2 load and thus could be used as markers to assess disease progression.
Changes in soil pH and addition of inorganic phosphate affect glyphosate adsorption in agricultural soil
Authors: De Gerónimo Eduardo , Aparicio Virginia C. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGlyphosate is the most widely used herbicide in Argentina. The strong sorption of glyphosate to the mineral fraction of the soil can be affected by environmental conditions and agricultural management, such as the application of fertilisers. This work aimed to study the effect of pH and the presence of inorganic phosphate on the affinity of glyphosate for nine different surface soils of Argentina. The effect of pH on glyphosate sorption was investigated by batch experiments with pH adjusted between 3 and 12. The greatest glyphosate adsorption occurred at a certain pH value and then adsorption decreased with increasing or decreasing pH. The effects of pH on adsorption could be described by a model that includes changes in electrical potential. The effect of inorganic phosphate on glyphosate adsorption was studied by batch experiments in the presence of 0.5 or 1 mM phosphate. The results showed a significant competition between phosphate and glyphosate in all soils. The Freundlich glyphosate coefficients decreased by 40%–65% with phosphate in solution, and the amount of glyphosate adsorbed decreased between 1% and 5%, depending on the particular characteristics of the soil. For the glyphosate‐phosphate competition, the competition terms were not reciprocal with each other because the competition between ions for adsorption sites also involves electrical effects.Highlights
There is a pH at which glyphosate shows a higher affinity for the soil.
The presence of phosphate significantly reduces the adsorption of glyphosate to the soil.
The effects of pH can be explained by rather small changes in the estimated surface potential.
Image segmentation algorithm of lung cancer based on neural network model
Authors: He Binjun , Hu Wenbin , Zhang Kang , Yuan Shunda , Han Xiaoliang , Su Chao , Zhao Jiaming , Wang Guzong , Wang Guoxia , Zhang Liuya 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTo explore the application of neural network algorithm model in lung cancer imaging, and provide reference for the application and development of artificial neural network (ANN) algorithm model in lung cancer medical mirroring, so as to promote the development of ANN in this field. Meanwhile, it is hoped that the application of neural network algorithms in medical imaging can improve the survival rate and cure rate of lung cancer. In this study, an ANN algorithm model was selected to establish a lung cancer recognition model. After determining the lung cancer lesion area, the image segmentation algorithm was used to separately display the lung cancer lesion area, and a comparison experiment was designed to verify the accuracy of the model. ANNs were used to identify lung cancer, which can be concluded that the accuracy is 94.6%, the sensitivity is 95.7%, and the specificity is 93.5%. By combining image retrieval methods with lung cancer image segmentation algorithms, the lesion area of lung cancer can be clearly displayed. Therefore, the lung cancer image segmentation algorithm based on the neural network model has good recognition performance. This research can provide reference for the application of neural network algorithm model in the field of cancer diagnosis and treatment.
Influence of aphotic haloclines and euxinia on organic biomarkers and microbial communities in a thalassohaline and alkaline volcanic crater lake
Authors: Sala David , Grossi Vincent , Agogué Hélène , Leboulanger Christophe , Jézéquel Didier , Sarazin Gérard , Antheaume Ingrid , Bernard Cécile , Ader Magali , Hugoni Mylène 
Published: October 2021

AbstractStudies on microbial communities, and their associated organic biomarkers, that are found thriving in the aphotic euxinic waters in modern stratified ecosystems are scarce compared to those undertaken in euxinic photic zones. The Dziani Dzaha (Mayotte, Indian Ocean) is a tropical, saline, alkaline crater lake that has recently been presented as a modern analog of Proterozoic Oceans due to its thalassohaline classification (having water of marine origin) and specific biogeochemical characteristics. Continuous intense photosynthetic production and microbial mineralization keep most of the water column permanently aphotic and anoxic preventing the development of a euxinic (sulfidic and anoxic) photic zone despite a high sulfide/sulfate ratio and the presence of permanent or seasonal haloclines. In this study, the molecular composition of the organic matter in Lake Dziani Dzaha was investigated and compared to the microbial diversity evaluated through 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, over two contrasting seasons (rainy vs. dry) that influence water column stratification. Depth profiles of organic biomarker concentrations (chlorophyll‐a and lipid biomarkers) and bacterial and archaeal OTU abundances appeared to be strongly dependent on the presence of aphotic haloclines and euxinia. OTU abundances revealed the importance of specific haloalkaliphilic bacterial and archaeal assemblages in phytoplanktonic biomass recycling and the biogeochemical functioning of the lake, suggesting new haloalkaline non‐phototrophic anaerobic microbial precursors for some of the lipid biomarkers. Uncultured Firmicutes from the family Syntrophomonadaceae (Clostridiales), and Bacteroidetes from the ML635J‐40 aquatic group, emerged as abundant chemotrophic bacterial members in the anoxic or euxinic waters and were probably responsible for the production of short‐chain n‐alkenes, wax esters, diplopterol, and tetrahymanol. Halocline‐dependent euxinia also had a strong impact on the archaeal community which was dominated by Woesearchaeota in the sulfide‐free waters. In the euxinic waters, methanogenic Euryarchaeota from the Methanomicrobia, Thermoplasmata, and WSA2 classes dominated and were likely at the origin of common hydrocarbon biomarkers of methanogens (phytane, pentamethyl‐eicosenes, and partially hydrogenated squalene).
Molten salt synthesis and formation mechanisms of ternary V‐based MAX phases by V–Al alloy strategy
Authors: Zhong Yi , Liu Ying , Ye Jinwen , Jin Na , Lin Zifeng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractV2AlC and V4AlC3 are obtained in much milder conditions by a new facile approach using low‐cost V–Al alloys and carbon black with the assistance of molten salts. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that our strategy is feasible and thermodynamically superior to the traditional method, with the following X‐ray diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscopy fully revealing the phase and morphology evolutions of both reaction processes. Unreported formation mechanisms are revealed for the first time. Al8V5 transforms directly into V2AlC with both lattices perfectly overlapped due to the existence of multiple parallel planes between V2AlC and Al8V5 with consistent interplanar spacings, which leads to the overlapped phenomenon of the diffraction spots as well. For V4AlC3, an embedded structure of V2AlC–VC is first formed through an aluminum removing behavior in V2AlC layers, causing the increase of the VC content, and V4AlC3 is transformed by the embedded V2AlC–VC structure through diffusion and interface migration with a possible climb behavior of Frank partial dislocation.
SC66 inhibits the proliferation and induces apoptosis of human bladder cancer cells by targeting the AKT/β‐catenin pathway
Authors: Chen Wu , Zhao Sheng , Yu Weimin , Rao Ting , Ruan Yuan , Zhu Shaoming , Xia Yuqi , Song Hongfei , Cheng Fan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBladder cancer (BC) is a major disease of the genitourinary tract, and chemotherapy is one of the main treatments commonly used at present. SC66 is a new type of allosteric AKT inhibitor that is reported to play an effective inhibitory role in the progression of many other types of tumours, but there is no reported research on its role in BC. In this study, we found that SC66 significantly inhibited the proliferation and EMT‐mediated migration and invasion of T24 and 5637 cells. In addition, experiments confirmed that SC66 achieved its antitumour effect by inducing cell apoptosis and affecting the cell cycle. Luciferase assays confirmed that SC66 exerted an antitumour effect through the AKT/β‐catenin signalling pathway, and this inhibitory effect was reversed after the addition of the β‐catenin signalling pathway activator, CHIR‐99021. In addition, animal studies have shown that, compared with the control group, the experimental group with SC66 intraperitoneal injection showed significantly reduced the tumour weight and volume in nude mice with T24 tumours and that SC66 combined with cisplatin achieved better inhibition on tumours. Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry staining confirmed that SC66 inhibited the EMT process in vivo and induced apoptosis through the AKT/β‐catenin signalling pathway. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that SC66 exerts a significant antitumour effect through the AKT/β‐catenin signalling pathway, thereby providing a new potential treatment for BC.
Quality of life assessment in core outcome sets: A position statement of the EADV Task Force on Quality of Life and Patient Oriented Outcomes
Authors: Chernyshov P.V. , Evers A.W.M. , Bewley A. , Tomas‐Aragones L. , Marron S.E. , Manolache L. , Pustišek N. , Abeni D. , Sampogna F. , Linder M.D. , Salek M.S. , Szepietowski J.C. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCore outcome sets (COSs) are an agreed standardized collection of outcomes that should be measured and reported in all clinical trials for a specific clinical condition. Tsekhe aim of our position paper by the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (EADV) Task Force on Quality of Life and Patient Oriented Outcomes was to identify the challenges and Patient Oriented Outcomes advantages in the development of COSs within dermatological QoL research. Twelve EADV Task Force multidisciplinary team members presented a total of 101 items (51 advantages and 50 disadvantages). All participants considered that COS are beneficial for comparison between different studies, treatments, dermatological diseases, geographical location and ethnicities. In conclusion, the EADV Task Force on Quality of Life and Patient Oriented Outcomes has recognized the primacy of advantages of COS and deliberated that the disadvantages in COS are related to development process and use of COS.
My problem or yours? Interpersonal problems and marital quality
Authors: Bliton Chloe F. , Johnson Benjamin N. , Pincus Aaron L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveResearch has consistently illustrated the impact of personality on marital quality. Given the inherent dyadic nature of relationships, recent investigations have integrated spouse‐rated personality to account for both spouses' perspectives. Grounded in Contemporary Integrative Interpersonal Theory, we viewed personality through an interpersonal lens and conceptualized maladaptive interpersonal functioning as interpersonal problems. The present study examined the incremental validity of spouse‐rated interpersonal problems beyond self‐reported interpersonal problems to predict marital quality within an expanded actor‐partner interdependence model (APIM).MethodWithin a community sample of heterosexual, married couples (N = 110), we used expanded APIMs, integrating both self‐report and spouse‐rating, to test the incremental validity of spouse‐perceived interpersonal problems over self‐perceived interpersonal problems on marital quality through a model comparison approach. We tested for possible gender differences in effects.ResultsSpouse perception, notably spouse‐rated partner effects, appears to be the most frequent predictor of marital quality, and self‐perception had less impact.ConclusionGiven the implications marital quality has on health and well‐being, intervention efforts capitalizing on acceptance of spouses’ perspectives are likely to lead to greater improvements in quality and overall health.
Clinical, laboratory and ultrasonographic findings differentiating low‐grade intestinal T‐cell lymphoma from lymphoplasmacytic enteritis in cats
Authors: Freiche Valérie , Fages Julien , Paulin Mathieu Victor , Bruneau Julie , Couronné Lucile , German Alexander J. , Penninck Dominique , Hermine Olivier 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundLow‐grade intestinal T‐cell lymphoma (LGITL) is the most common intestinal neoplasm in cats. Differentiating LGITL from lymphoplasmacytic enteritis (LPE) is challenging because clinical signs, laboratory results, diagnostic imaging findings, histology, immunohistochemistry, and clonality features may overlap.ObjectivesTo evaluate possible discriminatory clinical, laboratory and ultrasonographic features to differentiate LGITL from LPE.AnimalsTwenty‐two cats diagnosed with LGITL and 22 cats with LPE based upon histology, immunohistochemistry, and lymphoid clonality.MethodsProspective, cohort study. Cats presented with clinical signs consistent with LGITL or LPE were enrolled prospectively. All data contributing to the diagnostic evaluation was recorded.ResultsA 3‐variable model (P < .001) consisting of male sex (P = .01), duration of clinical signs (P = .01), and polyphagia (P = .03) and a 2‐variable model (P < .001) including a rounded jejunal lymph node (P < .001) and ultrasonographic abdominal effusion (P = .04) were both helpful to differentiate LGITL from LPE.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceMost clinical signs and laboratory results are similar between cats diagnosed with LGITL and LPE. However, male sex, a longer duration of clinical signs and polyphagia might help clinicians distinguish LGITL from LPE. On ultrasonography, a rounded jejunal lymph node, and the presence of (albeit small volume) abdominal effusion tended to be more prevalent in cats with LGITL. However, a definitive diagnosis requires comprehensive histopathologic and phenotypic assessment.
Rapid detection for infected ascites in cirrhosis using metagenome next‐generation sequencing: A case series
Authors: Li Beiling , He Qinjun , Rui Yongyu , Chen Yan , Jalan Rajiv , Chen Jinjun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEmpirical antibiotic therapy in patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is common as pathogen(s) are identified in only 5%‐20% patients using conventional culture‐based techniques. Metagenome next‐generation sequencing (mNGS) test is a promising approach for the diagnosis of infectious disease. The clinical application of mNGS for infected ascites in cirrhotic patients is rarely reported. Here, we describe three cases to preliminarily explore the potential role of mNGS for microbiological diagnosis of ascites infection in an exploratory manner. The clinical performance of ascites mNGS in cirrhotic patients remains to be further evaluated.
Risk factors for bleeding hepatocellular adenoma in a United States cohort
Authors: McDermott Chelsea , Ertreo Marco , Jha Reena , Ko Jimin , Fernandez Stephen , Desale Sameer , Fishbein Thomas , Satoskar Rohit , Winslow Emily , Smith Coleman , Hsu Christine C 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground & AimsKnown risk factors for hepatocellular adenoma (HCA) bleeding are size >5 cm, growth rate, visible vascularity, exophytic lesions, β‐catenin and Sonic Hedgehog activated HCAs. Most studies are based on European cohorts. The objective of this study is to identify additional risk factors for HCA bleeding in a US cohort.MethodsRetrospective chart review was performed on patients diagnosed with HCA on magnetic resonance imaging (n = 184) at an academic tertiary institution. Clinical, pathological, and imaging data were collected. Primary outcomes measured were HCA bleeding and malignancy. Statistical analysis was performed with SAS 9.4 using Chi‐Square, Fisher’s exact test, sample t test, non‐parametric Wilcoxon test, and logistic regression.ResultsAfter excluding patients whose pathology showed focal nodular hyperplasia and non‐adenoma lesions, follow‐up data were available for 167 patients. 16% experienced microscopic or macroscopic bleeding and 1.2% had malignancy. HCA size predicted bleeding (P < .0001) and no patients with lesion size <1.8 cm bled. In unadjusted analysis, hepatic adenomatosis (≥10 lesions) trended towards 2.8‐fold increased risk of bleeding. Of patients with a single lesion that bled, 77% bled from a lesion >5 cm. In patients with multiple HCAs that bled, 50% bled from lesions <5 cm. In patients with multiple adenomas, size (P = .001) independently predicted bleeding and hepatic steatosis trended towards increased risk of bleeding (P = .05).ConclusionsIn a large US cohort, size predicted increased risk of HCA bleeding while hepatic adenomatosis trended towards increased risk of bleeding. In patients with multiple HCAs, size predicted bleeding and hepatic steatosis trended toward increased risk of bleeding.
Demographic inferences and climatic niche modelling shed light on the evolutionary history of the emblematic cold‐adapted Apollo butterfly at regional scale
Authors: Kebaïli Caroline , Sherpa Stéphanie , Rioux Delphine , Després Laurence 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCold‐adapted species escape climate warming by latitudinal and/or altitudinal range shifts, and currently occur in Southern Europe in isolated mountain ranges within “sky islands”. Here, we studied the genetic structure of the Apollo butterfly in five such sky islands (above 1,000 m) in France, and infer its demographic history since the last interglacial, using single nucleotide polymorphisms (ddRADseq SNPs). The Auvergne and Alps populations show strong genetic differentiation but not alpine massifs, although separated by deep valleys. Combining three complementary demographic inference methods and species distribution models (SDMs) we show that the LIG period was highly unfavourable for Apollo that probably survived in small population in the highest summits of Auvergne. The population shifted downslope and expanded eastward between LIG and LGM throughout the large climatically suitable Rhône valley between the glaciated summits of Auvergne and Alps. The Auvergne and Alps populations started diverging before the LGM but remained largely connected till the mid‐Holocene. Population decline in Auvergne was more gradual but started before (~7 kya vs. 800 ya), and was much stronger with current population size ten times lower than in the Alps. In the Alps, the low genetic structure and limited evidence for isolation by distance suggest a nonequilibrium metapopulation functioning. The core Apollo population experienced cycles of contraction‐expansion with climate fluctuations with largely interconnected populations overtime according to a “metapopulation‐pulsar” functioning. This study demonstrates the power of combining demographic inferences and SDMs to determine past and future evolutionary trajectories of an endangered species at a regional scale.