bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Corneal Wound Healing by Interactive Topography
Authors: Buzard Kurt A , Fundingsland Bradley R 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Constitutive properties of the cornea and wounds within the cornea have been measured previously by destructive methods in which a strip of cornea was removed, placed on an instrument, and stretched until broken. To assess corneal wound healing and the interaction of medication, incision patterns and other clinical issues, we present a simple, noninvasive test of corneal wound healing utilizing a videokeratoscope and Honan 'balloon.
METHODS: A pre-test corneal topography was performed. The Honan balloon was placed on the eye at a pressure of 30mm mercury for 5 minutes. After removal of the balloon, additional corneal topographies were performed for comparison to the baseline topography. Study eyes were divided into six groups: 15 eyes in the normal group not involved in the Honan balloon test, 15 eyes formed a control group without previous ocular surgery, 15 eyes were within 3 months of radial keratotomy (RK), 15 eyes were more than 9 months after RK, 12 eyes had previous automated in situ keratomileusis (ALK), and 12 eyes had previous penetrating keratoplasty (PK).
RESULTS: Average videokeratometric flattening was reported for all groups at intervals of 1, 2, and 3 minutes after removal of the Honan balloon. The normal group flattened by 0.04 ± 0. 10 D (range, +0.10 to -0.12 D) at 1 minute; 0.02 ± 0.08 D (range, +0.1 0 to -0.10 D) at 2 minutes; and 0.02 ± 0.06 D (range, +0.10 to -0. 09 D) at 3 minutes. The control group flattened by -0.10 ± 0.10 D (range, +0.30 to -0.30 D) at 1 minute; 0.01 ± 0.12 D (range, +0.15 to -0.25 D) at 2 minutes; and 0.07 ± 0.11 D (range, +0.14 to -0.18 D) at 3 minutes. The 3-month RK group flattened 0.95 ± 0.23 D (range, 1.35 to 0.67 D) at 1 minute; 0.53 ± 0.16 D (range, 0.71 to 0.39 D) at 2 minutes; and 0.40 ± 0.15 D (range, 0.56 to 0.30 D) at 3 minutes. The 9-month RK group flattened 0.10 ± 0.13 D (range, 0.23 to 0.02 D) at 1 minute; 0.10 ± 0. 12 D (range, 0.18 to -0.01 D) at 2 minutes; and 0.01 ± 0.14 D (range 0.05 to 0.10 D) at 3 minutes. The ALK group flattened 0.65 ± 0.42 D (range 0.98 to 0.38 D) at 1 minute; 0.27 ± 0.19 D (range 0.39 to 0.10 D) at 2 minutes; and 0.21 ± 0.17 D (range, 0.29 to 0.09 D) at 3 minutes. The PK group flattened 1.30 ± 0.60 D (range, 1.75 to 0.90 D) at 1 minute; 1.18 ± 0.43 D (range, 1.51 to 0.98 D) at 2 minutes; and 0.41 ± 0.57 D (range, 0.88 to 0.30 D) at 3 minutes.
CONCLUSIONS: We have established normal corneal wound healing curves from preliminary data utilizing Buzard interactive topography on normal control eyes and after radial keratotomy, automated lamellar keratoplasty, and penetrating keratoplasty. Deviation from these normal curves indicates either excessive or inadequate wound healing. [J Refract Surg 1998;14:53-60]
Clear Lensectomy and Intraocular Lens Implantation for Hyperopia from +7 to +14 Diopters
Authors: Siganos Dimitrios S , Pallikaris Ioannis G 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Our results of clear lens extraction and intraocular lens implantation to correct hyperopia from +6.75 to +13.75 D are presented, as well as evaluation of two intraocular lens calculation formulae.
METHODS: Clear lens extraction and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation was performed in 35 normally sighted eyes of 21 patients with a mean baseline hyperopic spherical equivalent refraction of +9.19 ± 0.34 D (range +6.75 to +13.75 D). The refractive goal was -1.50 D, using the SRK II formula in 17 eyes and the SRK-T formula in 18 eyes. Follow-up was up to 5 years.
RESULTS: Mean uncorrected visual acuity after surgery was 0.8 (range 0.5 to 1.0). Stability of refraction was noted from the second month after surgery. No eyes lost any lines of spectacle-corrected visual acuity. Using the SRK II formula, 100% of eyes were within ±1.00 D of emmetropia and with the SRK-T formula, 83.3% for a combined 91.4% of eyes within ±1.00 D of emmetropia. One eye required intraocular lens exchange and another eye required photorefractive keratectomy for myopia. Both procedures were necessitated by an intraocular lens miscalculation of more than ±2.00 D. Nineteen eyes (54.2%) developed posterior capsular opacification and were treated with Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy.
CONCLUSION: Clear lens extraction is a safe, effective, and predictable procedure for the treatment of hyperopia from +6.75 to +13.75 D. The SRK II formula proved slightly superior to the SRK-T in intraocular lens calculation when using the "-1.50 D rule." [J Refract Surg 1998;14:105-113].
Treatment of Corneal Dystrophies with Phototherapeutic Keratectomy
Authors: Örndahl Mats J F , Fagerholm Per P 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the excimer laser as a surgical instrument for treatment of corneal dystrophies.
METHODS: Excimer laser photoablation was performed with the Summit UV 200 and VISX 20/20 excimer lasers on 30 eyes of 21 patients with different types of corneal dystrophies; phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) on 28 eyes (20 patients) and photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) on two eyes (one patient). The treatment goals were to improve visual acuity (26 eyes of 18 patients), heal recurrent corneal erosions (eight eyes of five patients), and treat fluctuating refraction and visual acuity (three eyes of two patients). Mean follow-up was 37 months (range 24 to 54 mo). The dystrophy groups included: map-dot-fingerprint (nine eyes of seven patients), lattice type I (five eyes of four patients), lattice type II (two eyes of one patient), granular (five eyes of three patients), central crystalline (four eyes of three patients), ReisBücklers' (two eyes of one patient), Meesmann's (two eyes of one patient), and Fuchs' endothelial (one eye).
RESULTS: In 22 of 26 eyes (84.6%) there was an improvement in spectacle-corrected visual acuity after 6 to 12 months. This improvement remained stable in 18 eyes (69.2%). Pronounced recurrences of dystrophic changes with reduction in visual acuity were seen in three eyes of two patients: lattice type II (two eyes) and granular (one eye). In one eye with Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy, there was a recurrence of subepithelial fibrosis which had been previously removed. In eight of eight eyes (100%) treated for recurrent corneal erosions (map-dot-fingerprint, Meesmann's, and lattice type I), the erosions healed shortly after treatment and did not recur. Preoperative fluctuating refraction stabilized in three of three eyes (100%) with mapdot-fingerprint after treatment. The mean hyperopic refractive shift was +2.55 ± 2.16 D. In none of the patients did the treatment per se lead to a decrease in spectacle-corrected visual acuity or any corneal surface problems.
CONCLUSION: In corneal dystrophies with epithelial and anterior stromal opacities, excimer laser PTK may be successful in improving vision and healing recurrent corneal erosions over the long term. [J Refract Surg 1998;14:129-135]
Retreatment of Regression after Photorefractive Keratectomy for Myopia
Authors: Vorotnikova E K , Kourenkov V V , Polunin G S 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To study results of retreatment after regression in myopic patients who underwent photorefractive keratectomy (PRK).
METHODS: Procedures were performed with the Nidek EC-5000 excimer laser. This was a retrospective study of 20 of 2127 patients, with follow-up of at least 6 months, who underwent repeated excimer laser ablation.
RESULTS: No patient with low myopia had regression. We evaluated six eyes (group I) with moderate myopia; 13 eyes (group ?) with high myopia; and ten eyes (group III) with extreme myopia. Average uncorrected visual acuity at 6 months after retreatment was 0.73 ± 0.21 in group I, 0.64 ± 0.35 in group II, and 0.61 ± 0.38 in group III. At six months after retreatment, the average was - 0.36*1.08 D in group I, -0.42 ± 1.12 D in group II, and -1.40 ± 1.62 D in group III.
CONCLUSION: The amount and frequency of regression was higher in patients with high and extreme myopia; however, the preliminary results of retreatment of regression were satisfactory. [J Refract Surg 1998;14:S197-S198]
Comparison of 18% Ethanol and Mechanical Debridement for Epithelial Removal Before Photorefractive Keratectomy
Authors: Shah Sunil , Doyle S J , Chatterjee Anupam , Williams B E B , Ilango B 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To assess the safety of alcohol compared to mechanical debridement for epithelial removal prior to photorefractive keratectomy (PRK).
METHODS: Forty-one second eyes of 41 patients underwent epithelial removal using alcohol prior to PRK with a Nidek EC-5000 excimer laser. The results were compared with the results of the 41 first eyes of the same patients that had mechanical debridement.
RESULTS: Initial results showed that the alcohol treated group tended to stay slightly hyperopic but had less haze compared to the mechanical debridement group. The treating surgeons favored alcohol as the preferred method of epithelium removal.
CONCLUSIONS: Alcohol debridement is an effective procedure although algorithms may have to be altered to take into account the slightly different healing process postoperatively. [J Refract Surg 1998;14:S212-S214]
Corneal Transparency and Measurement of Corneal Permeability in Excimer Laser Photorefractive Keratectomy
Authors: Polunin G S , Kourenkov V V , Polunina E G 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To introduce an image analysis of the cornea in photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for preoperative and early postoperative determination of changes in the condition of the cornea.
METHODS: Slit-lamp videography was used to evaluate the cornea. Microdensitometry of the corneal images was performed. The optic density of the anterior, middle, and posterior corneal layers was measured. Photorefractive keratectomy was performed with the Nidek EC-5000 excimer laser. We followed patients with different amounts of myopia (range, -1.00 to -20.00 D) classified into three groups, according to age. Each age group was divided into four subgroups depending on the amount of myopia.
RESULTS: The analysis of the microdensitometry results of the optic section of transparent corneas in myopic patients demonstrated differences depending on age and mean amount of myopia. A correlation between the microdensitometric data of permeability by fluorescein and the refractive results of PRK was found.
CONCLUSION: Quantitative image analysis of the cornea is a useful method to evaluate the condition of the cornea before and after PRK. This method can identify early damage to the cornea in myopic patients. Preoperative investigation of permeability of the cornea using fluorescein is an important method for selection of the patients for PRK. [J Refract Surg 1998;14:S230-S234]
Purse-string Sutures for Hyperopia Following Radial Keratotomy
Authors: Damiano Richard E , Forstot S Lance , Frank Cari J , Kasen Wesley B 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Five years ago, we presented 19 procedures employing two intrastromal pursestring sutures to treat hyperopic shift following radial keratotomy. Thirty-four additional procedures and longer follow-up are now presented detailing the task of rehabilitating these eyes.
METHODS: Fifty-three eyes of 53 radial keratotomy patients who were unhappy with their uncorrected vision and who were dissatisfied with contact lens or spectacle correction underwent double corneal intrastromal purse-string suturing and were subsequently followed for at least 1 year. There were seven eyes with primary overcorrection and 46 eyes with progressive hyperopic shift. Spherical equivalent refraction before purse-string sutures ranged from +0.50 to +6.25 D (mean, +2.60 D, SD ± 1.26 D). Prior to purse-string suturing, uncorrected visual acuity ranged from 20/30 to 20/400 with 21 eyes (45.3%) 20/100 or worse.
RESULTS: The follow-up after suturing averaged 3.6 years (range, 1 to 10 yr). All patients had followup of at least 1 year. The steepening in average keratometric power was 2.94 ± 1.72 D (range, 1.06 to 6.68 D). The sherical equivalent refraction after suturing averaged -0.15 ± 1.17 D (range, +3.75 to -2.50 D). Uncorrected visual acuity after suturing was 20/40 or better in 38 eyes (72%) and 20/50 to 20/100 in 15 eyes (28%). The number of eyes with a spherical equivalent refraction of ±0.50 D with 0.50 D or less refractive astigmatism was 15 (26% of eyes). There were 34 eyes (66%) with ±1.00 D with 1.00 D or less of refractive astigmatism, and 42 eyes (78%) with ±2.00 D with 2.00 D or less refractive astigmatism. Most of the spread was on the myopic side, as intended. There were no significant intraoperative or postoperative complications. Fifteen eyes gained two or more lines of best spectacle-corrected visual acuity and no eyes lost one line.
CONCLUSION: Double intrastromal purse-string suturing produces steepening of the central cornea and reduces hyperopia after radial keratotomy. [J Refract Surg 1998;14:408-413]
In Vitro Effects of Mitomycin-C on Human Keratocytes
Authors: Sadeghi H Mehrdad , Seitz Berthold , Hayashi Seiji , LaBree Laurie , McDonnell Peter J 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The purpose of the present study is to quantify the in vitro antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects of mitomycin-C on human keratocytes for their potential to modulate corneal stromal wound healing.
METHODS: Cultured human keratocytes were exposed to various concentrations of mitomycin-C for periods of 5 minutes and 1 hour. Keratocyte proliferation and viability were assessed by phase-contrast microscopy, 3H-thymidine uptake, and electronic cell counting.

RESULTS: Cytotoxic changes and inhibition of keratocyte proliferation exhibited after exposure to mitomycin-C were both dose- and time-dependent. The lowest concentrations to significantly (>50%) inhibit keratocyte proliferation after 5minute exposures were 0.05 mg/ml (P<.005) and after 1-hour exposures were 0.005 mg/ml (J°<.001). At 5 minutes, ID30 was 0.038 mg/ml and LD50 was much higher than the greatest concentration tested (0.5 mg/ml). Mitomycin-C's median inhibitory dose (ID
50
) and median lethal dose (LD50) after 1 hour of exposure differed by a magnitude of 50 (0.0048 vs. 0.28 mg/ml).

CONCLUSIONS: Mitomycin-C has antiproliferative effects at concentrations below those cytotoxic to human keratocytes. If used after photorefractive keratectomy, the drug should be administered at antiproliferative rather than cytotoxic concentrations. [J Refract Surg 1998;14:534-540]
The Shape of Bowman's Layer in the Human Cornea
Authors: Patel Sudi , Reinstein Daniel Z , Silverman R H , Coleman MD 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The aim of this investigation was to derive a mathematical model for Bowman's layer, the interface between the epithelium and stroma, in the human cornea.
METHODS: The central epithelial thickness distribution within 14 normal human corneas was measured in vivo using high frequency ultrasonic digital signal processing with a measurement precision of 2 µm. The results per eye were averaged and incorporated into existing algorithms for the estimation of the shape of the anterior surface of Bowman's layer using terminology in accordance with Baker's equation.
RESULTS: The average radius of Bowman's layer was 7.34 mm (SE ±0.17 mm). Descriptions of this boundary ranged from a steepening or prolate ellipse to a hyperbola. However, the typical Bowman's layer is hyperbolic with a shape factor, p = -0.22 (SE ±1.81).
CONCLUSION: The results support previous cadaver studies where Bowman's layer was found to be steeper than the anterior corneal surface but disagree with the concept that the average Bowman's layer is akin to a prolate ellipse. The hyperbolic nature of the average Bowman's layer has the potential to influence the optical performance of the eye. [J Refract Surg 1998;14:636-640]
Central Necrotic Lamellar Inflammation After Laser in situ Keratomileusis
Authors: Parolini Barbara , Marcon Giovanni , Panozzo Giacomo A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To report four cases of corneal interface complications that occurred after excimer laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK).
METHODS: Four eyes of three patients underwent technically uneventful LASIK.
RESULTS: One day after LASIK, patients presented with severe pain, blurred vision, conjunctival infection, and diffuse opacity at the interface. Two days after LASIK, significant features were central opacity, striae in the flap, loss of uncorrected and best spectacle-corrected visual acuity, and corneal sensitivity. The findings did not improve by using drugs or by lifting the flap and irrigating the bed. The central opacity partially resolved over 8 to 12 months, leaving a hyperopic shift (one patient), striae (one patient), and loss of two or more lines of best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (three patients).
CONCLUSION: This severe central inflammation after LASLK could be an extreme manifestation of diffuse lamellar keratitis. [J Refract Surg 2001;17:110-112]
The Sense of Self-concept Change in Patients After Radial Keratotomy
Authors: Toczolowski Jerzy , Oles Piotr , Zagórski Zbigniew , Szymona Katarzyna U , Baltaziak Lucyna , Rymgayllo-Jankowska Beata 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The study focuses on the problem of self-concept change in patients after radial keratotomy.
METHODS: Twenty-five patients (17 female, 8 male) were studied from 6 to 18 months after radial keratotomy using the Adjective Check List by Gough and Heilbrun with the application of double instruction. It concerned self-concept change over a period of observation after surgery, as compared to retrospective (preoperative) self-concept.
RESULTS: For current self-concept, patients obtained significantly higher results in the following measures: the number of positive words used for self-description (P < .05); need scales, like affiliation (P < .005), heterosexuality (P < .01), and intraception or insight (P < .05); self-confidence (P < .01); military leadership (P < .05), logical decision making (P < .05); two measures concerning logical-analytical thinking (P < .05).
CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that after radial keratotomy, patients perceived themselves in a more positive way than before surgery, especially as more self-confident in interpersonal functioning. [J Refract Surg 2001;17:134-137]
Polymicrobial Keratitis After Laser in situ Keratomileusis
Authors: Gupta Vishal , Dada Tanuj , Vajpayee Rasik B , Sharma Namrata , Dada Vijay K 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To report a case of polymicrobial infectious keratitis in one eye of a patient who had undergone bilateral simultaneous laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK).
METHODS: A 21-year-old healthy female developed infectious keratitis in her right eye after bilateral LASEK surgery. Material obtained from the infective foci was sent for bacterial and fungal cultures and herpes simplex virus antigen detection, and broad spectrum antimicrobial therapy was instituted.
RESULTS: Staphylococcus epidermidis and Fusarium solani were detected on culture and herpes simplex virus antigen was found to be positive. The patient did not respond to medical therapy and subsequently the ulcer perforated. A therapeutic keratoplasty was performed and the final best-corrected visual acuity was 20/40, 1 month after keratoplasty.
CONCLUSION: Polymicrobial infectious keratitis, although rare, is a potential sight-threatening complication of LASIK [J Refract Surg 2001;17: 147-148]
Unexpected Corneal Flattening After Laser in situ Keratomileusis
Authors: González F , Ortiz D , Saiz J M , Moreno F , del Cotero J N Fernández 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To perform a statistical study of the variation (flattening) from the surgical radius (sculpted in the corneal stroma) to the final radius of the first surface of the cornea after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for correction of myopia.
METHODS: The study included 387 eyes with myopia or myopic astigmatism that underwent LASLK using the Nidek EC-5000 excimer laser. Mean age was 34 years (range, 19 to 75 yr). Mean myopia was -5.19 D (range, 0 to -19.00 D) and mean astigmatism was -1.22 D (range, 0 to -5.00 D). The flattening coefficient was defined as: (f) = (R^sub post^ . R^sub s^)/R^sub s^ where R^sub post^ was the corneal radius after surgery (topography performed 1 month after surgery) and R^sub s^ was the surgical radius sculpted in the stroma. Mean values and standard deviations of the flattening coefficient were calculated for the 387 eyes for four myopic ranges (0 to -3.00 D, -3.00 to -6.00 D, -6.00 to -9.00 D, and more than -9.00 D), and for three astigmatic ranges (0, -0.25 to -2.00 D, and more than -2.00 D). The correlations between the flattening coefficient and several preoperative ocular variables were obtained.
RESULTS: A linear combination of quasiindependent ocular variables (age, anterior corneal radius, corneal thickness, sphere and cylinder) was found in order to maximize the correlation with the flattening for every range. Values for the correlations between 0.4 to 0.5 were obtained.
CONCLUSION: The flattening phenomenon was characterized by a flattening coefficient (f). According to the results, flattening may be reliably predicted in certain ranges. This knowledge could be relevant for the planning of surgery. [J Refract Surg 2001;17(suppl):S180-Sl86]
A Retrospective Study of Laser in situ Keratomileusis After Radial Keratotomy
Authors: Clausse Marc A , Boutros George , Khanjian Garbis , Wagner Claudia , Garabet Antoine L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: This is a retrospective study designed to present results of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) after radial keratotomy (RK).
METHODS: Eighty eyes of 56 patients underwent LASIK for residual myopia, astigmatism, and hyperopia after RK. Absolute mean preoperative spherical equivalent refraction was 2.36 ± 1.17 D. Best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) was 20/20 in 56% of eyes, 20/25 in 25%, 20/30 in 13%, 20/40 in 5%, and 20/60 in 1%. Uncorrected visual acuity was better than 20/40 in four eyes. Follow-up ranged from a mjniniutn of 1 day after surgery to a maximum of 2 years, with an average of 6 months.
RESULTS: Mean final absolute spherical equivalent refraction was 0.62 ± 0.611 D. Six eyes experienced a loss of BSCVA of one line, one eye lost two lines, and one lost more than two lines. Three eyes had one line of improvement and one eye had two lines of improvement. Uncorrected visual acuity was 20/20 in 21 eyes, 20/25 in 20 eyes, and 20/30 in 19 eyes. There was stromal opacity in two eyes, epithelial defects in two eyes, and epithelial ingrowth in four eyes.
CONCLUSION: LASLK may be an effective treatment for myopia, astigmatism, and hyperopia in patients with residual refractive error after RK. Extreme caution should be exercised due to the complexity of this group of patients. [J Refract Surg 2001;17(suppl):S200-S201]