bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effective Routing in Vehicular Adhoc Network (VANET) using an Bio-inspired Algorithm: Enhanced Deep Reinforcement Learning (EDRL) for Secure Wireless Communication
Authors: Ravikumar K , Thiyagarajan R , M Saravanan , P Parthasarathy 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
For improving the performance of city wide-ranging lane networks through the optimized control signal, we proposed a framework in Vehicular Adhoc Network (VANET). Node which reduces the traffic efficiency drastically is identified as critical node, with the help of defined framework. Tripartite graph is used for identifying critical node through vehicle trajectory in the over-all viewpoint. Enhanced Deep Reinforcement Learning (EDRL) method is introduced to control the traffic signal and gives appropriate decision for routing the data from Road Side Unit (RSU) to intermediate or destination node. Various experiments were done with proposed model and the result shows considerable efficiency in delay and travelling time of the node in VANET.
The Broadband Penetration in Europe
Authors: Leogrande Angelo , COSTANTIELLO ALBERTO , LAURETI LUCIO 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this article we estimate the determinants of broadband penetration in Europe. We use data from the European Innovation Scoreboard of the European Commission for 37 countries in the period 2010-2019. We apply Panel Data with Fixed Effects, Panel Data with Random Effects, WLS, OLS and Dynamic Panel. We found that the level of “Broadband Penetration” in Europe is positively associated to “Enterprises Providing ICT Training”, “Innovative Sales Share”, “Intellectual Assets”, “Knowledge-Intensive Service Exports”, “Turnover Share SMEs”, “Innovation Friendly Environment” and negatively associated with “Government procurement of advanced technology products”, “Sales Impact”, “Firm Investments”, “Opportunity-Driven Entrepreneurship”, “Most Cited Publications”, “Rule of Law”. In adjunct we perform a clusterization with k-Means algorithm optimized with the Silhouette Coefficient and we find the presence of three different clusters. Finally, we apply eight machine learning algorithms to predict the level of “Broadband Penetration” in Europe and we find that the Polynomial Regression algorithm is the best predictor and that the level of the variable is expected to increase of 10,4%.
Mangosteen Peel-Alginate Biocomposite Beads An Efficient and Sustainable Adsorbent For Decontamination of Methylene Blue
Authors: Nasrullah Asma , Khan Amir Sada , Bhat A. H. , Fagieh Taghreed M. , Bakhsh Ersaa M. , Akhtar Kalsoom , khan Sher Bahadar , Din Israf Ud , Khan Shahan Zeb 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study examines mangosteen peels waste and alginate beads (MPAB) as an efficient, sustainable and low-cost adsorbent for removal of methylene blue (MB) cationic dye from aqueous solution in a batch adsorption system. Surface functional groups, surface morphology, surface properties, and thermal stability of MBAB were analyzed using various instrumental techniques such as FTIR, FESEM, BET and TGA techniques. MPAB adsorption efficiency for MB was investigated through variation of dosage (0.01- 0.08g), pH (2- 10), contact time (60- 1320 min), MB concentration (20- 100 mg/L) and temperature (298- 333K). MPAB showed maximum removal capacity of 373 mg/g at 25 oC in basic medium. Kinetic and isotherm studies showed that pseudo second order kinetic models and both Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms best fit the experimental data. The findings revealed that novel MPAB has the potential to be a cost-effective adsorbent for removal of textile dyes.
Prevalence of Pathogenic and Potentially Pathogenic Inborn Error of Immunity Associated Variants in Children with Severe Sepsis
Authors: Kernan Kate F. , Ghaloul-Gonzalez Lina , Vockley Jerry , Lamb Janette , Hollingshead Debborah , Chandran Uma , Sethi Rahil , Park Hyun-Jung , Berg Robert A. , Wessel David , Pollack Murray M. , Meert Kathleen , Hall Mark , Newth Christopher , Lin John C , Doctor Allan , Shanley Tom , Cornell Tim , Harrison Rick E. , Zuppa Athena F. , Banks Russel , Reeder Ron W. , Holubkov Richard , Notterman Daniel A. , Dean J. Michael , Carcillo Joseph A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Our understanding of inborn errors of immunity is increasing however, their contribution to pediatric sepsis is unknown. Methods: We used whole exome sequencing to characterize variants in genes related to monogenic immunologic disorders in 330 children admitted to intensive care for severe sepsis. We defined candidate variants as rare variants classified as pathogenic or potentially pathogenic in Qiagen’s Human Genetic Mutation Database or novel null variants in a disease-consistent inheritance pattern. We investigated variant correlation with infection and inflammatory phenotype. Results: More than one in two children overall and three of four African American children had immunodeficiency-associated variants. Children with variants had increased odds of isolating a blood or urinary pathogen (blood: OR 2.82, 95% CI: 1.12 – 7.10, p = 0.023, urine: OR: 8.23, 95% CI: 1.06 – 64.11, p = 0.016) and demonstrating increased inflammation with hyperferritinemia (ferritin ng/mL, OR: 2.16, 95% CI: 1.28 – 3.66, p = 0.004), lymphopenia (lymphocyte count <1000/µL, OR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.06 – 2.60, p = 0.027), thrombocytopenia (platelet count < 150,000/µL, OR: 1.76, 95% CI: 1.12 – 2.76, p = 0.013) and CRP greater than 10mg/dL (OR: 1.71, 95%CI: 1.10 – 2.68, p = 0.017). They also had increased odds of requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO, OR: 4.19, 95%CI: 1.21 – 14.5, p = 0.019).Conclusion: Herein, we describe the genetic findings in this severe pediatric sepsis cohort and their microbiologic and immunologic significance, providing evidence for phenotypic effect of these variants and rationale for screening children with life-threatening infection for potential inborn errors of immunity.
Fabrication And Optimization of Bio-silver Nanoparticles: Activity Evaluation Against Beta-lactamases-Resistant Enterococcus Faecalis
Authors: Fattah Bikhal , Arif Huner , Hamzah Haider 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Due to the presence of antibiotic-resistant genes, treatment options of clinical isolates are exceedingly limited. This study was aimed to fabricate, optimize, characterize, and evaluate the action of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against a clinical isolate of Enterococcus faecalis. A combination of cell-free supernatant (C-FS) of the filamentous fungus Fusarium solani and Gram-negative Comamonas aquatica for AgNPs formation was proposed; the antigrowth and antibiofilm of AgNPs against E. faecalis harboring blaTEM and blaCTX-M genes were assessed. The ratio of 1:2 v/v (C-FS:AgNO3) at pH 9.0 for 72 h in 1 mM AgNO3 were the optimal conditions for AgNPs formation. UV-vis absorption peak appeared at 425 nm and the crystalline nature of synthesized particles was verified by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis confirmed the interaction of protein molecules with the AgNPs. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis demonstrated that fabricated AgNPs were relatively monodispersed, approximately spherical, and of size 2-7.5 nm. blaTEM and blaCTX-M were detected in E. faecalis; the growth and biofilm of E. faecalis were significantly decreased by the action of 12.5 µg/mL AgNPs. This is the first study proposing alternative sources to form AgNPs via synergistic metabolites of F. solani and C. aquatica. The results here offer a foundation for developing an effective therapy using AgNPs against clinical pathogens.
Biosafety and Removal Potential of Pollutants in Wastewater by the Microbial Flocculant from Marine Bacterium Obtained from Umlalazi Catchment, RSA
Authors: Ntombela Zuzingcebo Goldern , Basson AK , Madoroba E , Pullabhotla VSR 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Bioflocculants have been reported to be successfully used in the removal of pollutants and dye decolourization from wastewater as they (pollutants) have negative impact on both humans and aquatic life if not properly treated. Thus, the potential removal rate of a microbial flocculant produced by the marine bacterial strain of Bacillus safensis KX94275.1 from uMlalazi estuary, Mthunzini area, KZN for pollutants from wastewater samples and dyes from different dye solution was investigated. B. safensis produced a non-toxic microbial flocculant showed margin of safety in both breast cancer cells and normal cells with 87% and 96% cell survival after treatment with maximum dosage of bioflocculant solution of 100 µg/µL, respectively. Functional groups such as amino, carboxylic and hydroxyl group were revealed with FT-IR spectrum to be possessed by the microbial flocculant produced. Above 65% of microbial flocculant was attained when the flocculant was subjection to 700 oC using the thermogravimetric analyser. A produced bioflocculant was aqua-solvable and have no inhibitory effect in bacteria tested. This heat-stable and cation-dependent (Ba2+) bioflocculant removed more than 85% dye from different dye solutions, such as basic fuchsine (93%), congo red (87%), crystal violet (90%) and methylene blue (93%), using 0.4 mg/mL optimum dosage concentration at neutral pH. This wide pH (3-12) tolerant bioflocculant showed improvement on both domestic and coal mine wastewaters for the removal of biochemical oxygen demand with 66% and 99%, chemical oxygen demand with 48% and 93%, phosphate with 61% and 59%, total nitrogen with 69% and 68% and sulphide with 71% and 83% removal rate, respectively, and flocculation rate of 91% (domestic) and 95% (coal mine) wastewater. Thus, the application of the bioflocculant on wastewater treatment indicated the tremendous prospective in replacing risky traditional flocculating agents frequently utilized for purification of wastewater.
Analytical Hierarchy Process Tool in Google Earth Engine platform : A case study of a tropical landfill site suitability
Authors: Bhattacharya Soham , Ghosh Surajit , Bhattacharyya Soumya 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Kolkata being a metropolitan city in India, has its main Municipal Solid Waste dumpsite situated at Dhapa just adjacent to the East Kolkata Wetlands Ramsar site. The current prevalent situation at Dhapa is open dumping leading to various contaminations and hazards putting forth the need to look for alternative sites where the landfiilling operation can be shifted to using scientific methods. A User Interface (UI) based Analytical hierarchy process (AHP) tool has been developed within the Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud platform to find out the alternative dumping sites using geospatial layers. AHP function is not available as a native algorithm or developed by any researcher in GEE. The tool has three major functionalities, of which the first one handles the UI elements. The AHP procedure is within another function, and the last function integrates the AHP coefficients to the layers generating the final suitability layer. Users can also upload comparison matrix as GEE asset in the form CSV file which gets automatically integrated into the AHP to calculate the coefficients and consistency ratio to generate the spatial suitability layers. This approach showcases a generalized AHP function within the GEE environment, which has been done for the first time. The tool is designed in the cloud platform which is dynamic, robust and suitable for use in various AHP-based suitability analysis in environmental monitoring and assessment.
Potentially Effective Drugs for the Treatment of COVID-19 or MIS-C in Children: A Systematic Review
Authors: Wang Zijun , Zhao Siya , Tang Yuyi , Wang Zhili , Shi Qianling , Dang Xiangyang , Gan Lidan , Peng Shuai , Li Weiguo , Zhou Qi , Li Qinyuan , Mafiana Joy James , Cortés Rafael González , Luo Zhengxiu , Liu Enmei , Chen Yaolong 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Introduction: The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of using potential drugs: remdesivir and glucocorticoid in treating children and adolescents with COVID-19 and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in treating MIS-C. Methods: We searched seven databases, three preprint platform, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Google from December 1, 2019, to August 5, 2021, to collect evidence of remdesivir, glucocorticoid, and IVIG which were used in children and adolescents with COVID-19 or MIS-C. Results: A total of nine cohort studies and one case series study were included in this systematic review. In terms of remdesivir, the meta-analysis of single-arm cohort studies have shown that, after the treatment, 54.7% (95%CI, 10.3% to 99.1%) experienced adverse events, 5.6% (95%CI, 1.2% to 10.1%) died, 27.0% (95%CI, 0% to 73.0%) needed extracorporeal membrane oxygenation or invasive mechanical ventilation. As for glucocorticoids, the results of the meta-analysis showed that the fixed-effect summary odds ratio for the association with mortality was 2.79 (95%CI, 0.13 to 60.87), and the mechanical ventilation rate was 3.12 (95%CI, 0.80 to 12.08) for glucocorticoids compared with the control group. In terms of IVIG, most of the included cohort studies showed that for MIS-C patients with more severe clinical symptoms, IVIG combined with methylprednisolone could achieve better clinical efficacy than IVIG alone.Conclusions: Overall, the current evidence in the included studies is insignificant and of low quality. It is recommended to conduct high-quality randomized controlled trials of remdesivir, glucocorticoids, and IVIG in children and adolescents with COVID-19 or MIS-C to provide substantial evidence for the development of guidelines.
Culture And COVID-19 Related Mortality- A Cross Sectional Study of 53 Countries
Authors: Käffer Arnold , Mahlich Jörg 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to investigate the influence of culture on COVID-19 related mortality relying on Hofstede’s six dimensional concept of culture. Retrieving data from 53 countries a multivariable regression model was fitted that controls for health related, economic and policy related variables that have been found to be associated with mortality. In particular we included the percentage of population above 65 years of age, the prevalence of relevant co-morbidities (i.e. diabetes, hypertension, cancer. obesity), and tobacco usage as health related variables. Economic variables were GDP per capita and the connectedness of a country as measured by the number of international arrivals. As policy variables we included the Oxford stringency index as well as stringency speed, and the Global Health Security index. The results suggests that individualistic societies can navigate well through the pandemic when they are also characterized by low power distance which reflects a low acceptance of inequality within a society. This finding contradicts with previous studies that supported the popular narrative that autocratic societies with an obedient population are better positioned to manage the pandemic.
AXIN2 reduces the survival of porcine induced pluripotent stem cells (piPSCs)
Authors: zhang rui , Yu Shuai , Shen Qiaoyan , Zhao Wenxu , Zhang Juqing , Wu Xiaolong , Zhu Zhenshuo , Wu Xiaojie , Li Na , Peng Sha , Hua Jinlian 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe establishment of porcine pluripotent stem cells (piPSCs) is still a critical topic and challenging issue. However, all piPSCs are extremely sensitive to changes of the culture conditions.In addition, the side effect of inhibitors in culture medium confine the pluripotency and practicability. This study aimed to investigate the roles of AXIN in piPSCs and further explore the mechanism. Here, porcine AXIN1 gene and AXIN2 were knockdown, cloned, and overexpressed in piPSCs. Digital RNA-seq was performed to explore the mechanism of cell proliferation and anti-apoptosis. ResultsHere, we found (1): overexpression of the porcine AXIN2 gene significantly reduce the survivability of piPSCs, meanwhile wreck the pluripotency of piPSCs; (2): The Digital RNA-seq analysis reveals that AXIN2, as a negative effector of the WNT signaling pathway, whom after knockdown enhances the expression of genes involved in cell cycle such as CCND1, and reduced the expression of genes related to cell differentiation, cell death, and cell apoptosis. ConclusionAXIN2 could reduce the pluripotency and survival of piPSCs and also provided a potential to simplify the cultrue medium.
The Relationship between Financial Development and Renewable Energy Consumption in South Asian Countries
Authors: Amin Sakib , Khan Farhan , Rahman Ashfaqur 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We analyse how the financial development and green energy use are linked to the countries of South Asia from 1990 to 2018. Domestic credit to the private sector and renewable energy consumption is being used in this paper as indicators of financial development and the use of renewable energy. On the indication of cross-sectional dependency among the variables of the models, we apply second generation panel unit root tests and cointegration tests to check the stationarity properties and long-run cointegration relation among the variables. We find that variables are stationary at the first difference, and long-run cointegration exists. By applying robust dynamic heterogeneous and cross-section augmented estimators, we find that increase in GDP increases renewable energy consumption by 1.56-0.50%; however reduces by 0.07-0.03% after certain thresholds. Furthermore, increase in financial development, on average, reduces the propensity of renewable energy consumption by 0.15-0.07% in the long-run. On the other hand, the Dumitrescu-Hurlin panel causality test shows a unidirectional relationship from GDP to financial development and financial development to renewable energy consumption but not vice versa. We suggest that the selected countries revisit and restructure the renewable energy policy and emphasise institutional reforms to strengthen renewable energy development in the upcoming years.
Prevalence and Appropriateness of Indwelling Urinary Catheters in Japanese Hospital Wards: A Multicenter Point Prevalence Study
Authors: Katayama Kohta , Meddings Jennifer , Saint Sanjay , Fowler Karen , Ratz David , Tagashira Yasuaki , Kawamura Yumi , Fujikawa Tatsuya , Nishiguchi Sho , kayauchi Naomi , Takagaki Nobumasa , Tokuda Yasuharu , Kuriyama Akira 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Indwelling urinary catheters are commonly used in hospitalized patients, which can lead to the development of urinary catheter complications, including catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI). Limited reports on the appropriateness of urinary catheter use exist in Japan. This study investigated the prevalence and appropriateness of indwelling urinary catheters, and the incidence of CAUTI in non-intensive care unit (non-ICU) wards in Japanese hospitals. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in 7 non-ICU wards from 6 hospitals in Japan from October 2017 to June 2018. At each hospital the study teams evaluated urinary catheter prevalence through in-person bedside evaluation for at least 5 days of each week for 3 months. Catheter associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) incidence and appropriateness of catheter use was collected via chart review.Results: We assessed 710 catheter-days over 5528 patient-days. The mean prevalence of indwelling urinary catheter use in participating wards was 13% (range: 5% to 19%), while the mean incidence of CAUTI was 9.86 per 1000 catheter-days (range: 0 to 33.90). Approximately 66% of the urinary catheter days assessed had an appropriate indication for use (range: 17% to 81%). A physician's order for catheter placement was present in only 10% of catheterized patients.Conclusion: This national prospective study provides epidemiological information about the appropriate use of urinary catheters in Japanese non-ICU wards. A multimodal intervention may help improve the appropriate use of urinary catheters.
The Recovery and Synthesis of Polyhydroxyalkanoates in the Process of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal in Low-Carbon Sewage Based on pH and Nitrogen and Phosphorus Restriction Under Anaerobic-Oxygen Limited Process
Authors: Zhang Kequan , Fang Qian , Xie Yihan , Chen Yujia , Wei Tong , Xiao Yanyu 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is a new type of bio-polyester which is expected to replace traditional petroleum-based plastics. It is also a critical transformation hub of carbon source in nitrogen and phosphorus removal in sewage. Based on the anaerobic-oxygen limited process, the experiment took organic solid waste fermentation liquid as carbon source control hub and realized PHA synthesis and recovery in denitrification and phosphorus removal from low carbon sewage the SBR reactor by regulating pH value and nitrogen and phosphorus restriction. The experimental results showed that when the ratio of C/N and C/P was 150, the content of PHA accounted for 50.39% and 36.07 of the dry cell weight, respectively. Besides, it was found that increasing the C/N ratio was beneficial to increasing the proportion of PHV in PHA. This study proved the feasibility of using an anaerobic-oxygen limited process to recover PHA in nitrogen and phosphorus removal from low-carbon sewage, which saves gas and reduces energy consumption. At the same time, it also provides some help for the follow-up study of low-carbon urban sewage nitrogen and phosphorus removal coupled with resource recovery of PHA to guide the water industry economy to develop in a circular and sustainable direction
Facilitators, Barriers and Structural Determinants of Physical Activity in Nulliparous Pregnant Women: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Kianfard Leila , Niknami Shamsaddin , SHokravi Farkhonde Amin , Rakhshanderou Sakineh 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Backgrounds: Reduced physical activity in pregnant women is highly stemmed from their misconceptions and attitudes during pregnancy. This study aimed to recognize the facilitators, barriers, and structural factors that influence activity among pregnant women.Methods: This qualitative study was conducted from January to June 2020 in nulliparous pregnant women. Forty participants selected randomly from the Pounak Health Center of Tehran City, Iran, were answered open-ended questions about the obstacles that deprived them of physical activity during pregnancy. Data were analyzed by MAXQDA 12 software. Results: 620 primary codes, 42 secondary codes, 11 sub-themes, and 6 themes were extracted. These themes were divided into the PEN-3 categories; facilitators, barriers, and structural factors. The nurture factors as facilitators had communication and support from others as sub-themes. Barriers consisted of socio-cultural (participate in pregnancy ‎class with a companion; social beliefs; culture of poverty), socioeconomic (financial problems), and individual factors‎ (physical, psycho-emotional, and spiritual dimensions) and structural factors consisted of environmental (equipment) and organizational (possibilities in health ‎centers) factors. Conclusion: Lack of awareness and misinformation, accessibility obstacles, and economic problems are ‎the most physical activity barriers during pregnancy. Being among other pregnant women ‎and the physicians' recommendations are the most facilitators of physical activity during ‎pregnancy.‎