bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validity and reliability of the self‐administered Visual Aura Rating Scale questionnaire for migraine with aura diagnosis: A prospective clinic‐based study
Authors: Kim Byung‐Kun , Cho Soohyun , Kim Ha Yan , Chu Min Kyung 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the validity and reliability of the self‐administered Visual Aura Rating Scale (VARS) questionnaire using a hospital‐based sample in a cross‐sectional setting.BackgroundVisual aura is the most common type of aura manifesting in 98%‒99% of migraine with aura (MA). The VARS is a diagnostic rating scale used to quantify the cardinal characteristics of MA and has shown high sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of visual aura.MethodsWe translated the VARS into Korean and constructed a five‐item self‐administered questionnaire based on the VARS. We consecutively recruited first‐visit patients with migraine at the neurology clinics of two university hospitals. The scoring of the self‐administered VARS questionnaire was the same as that for the original VARS. We assessed criterion validity and internal consistency reliability. The diagnosis of migraine and aura was assigned by two headache neurologists based on a comprehensive clinical assessment using the International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition.ResultsA total of 240 participants with migraine were enrolled. Of these, 55 (22.9%) had MA. All participants with MA had visual aura. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that a cutoff score of 3 provided the highest rate of correct identification of patients ([200/240], 83.3%), with a sensitivity of 96.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 84.5%–99.6%) and specificity of 79.5% (95% CI, 72.9%–85.0%). Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.852.ConclusionThe self‐administered VARS questionnaire is a valid and reliable instrument for the screening of visual aura in patients with migraine in neurology outpatient clinics.
Efficacy and safety of bismuth‐based quadruple therapy forHelicobacterpylorieradication in children
Authors: Kotilea Kallirroi , Cadranel Samy , Salame Assaad , Nguyen Julie , Mahler Tania , Miendje Deyi Véronique Yvette , Verset Laurine , Bontems Patrick 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of a 10‐day quadruple therapy containing colloidal bismuth sub‐citrate (CBS), esomeprazole (ESO), amoxicillin (AMO), and metronidazole (MET) forHelicobacter pylori(H. pylori) eradication in children.MethodsMonocentric, open‐label, prospective, single‐arm clinical trial in children aged 6–17 years withH. pyloriinfection. The study was carried out on consecutive patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms andH. pyloriinfection confirmed by histology and culture of gastric biopsies. The outcome was evaluated using a13C‐urea breath test 8–10 weeks post‐therapy. Adverse events and compliance were evaluated by daily journal and pill counting.ResultsA total of 36 children fulfilling the inclusion criteria were enrolled. Eight (22.2%) of them had a priorH. pylorieradication treatment. Thirteen (36.1%) patients were infected by a strain resistant to MET and 8 (22.2%) by a strain resistant to both MET and Clarithromycin (CLA). In the intention‐to‐treat population (ITT), eradication was achievedin35/36patients(95%CI:85%−99%). Twenty‐three children reported at least one adverse event (63.8%), mostly mild (nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, dark stool, metallic taste, headache, and rash). The compliance rate was high, with 30 (83.3%) patients taking >90% of the treatment.Conclusion10‐day quadruple therapy containing CBS, ESO, AMO, and MET forH. pylorieradication in children is a safe and very effective solution, especially for previously treated patients and those infected with double resistant strains.
6. PROXIMATE CAUSATION IN LEGAL HISTORIOGRAPHY
Authors: STERN SIMON 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTThe variety of legal history published in general‐interest law journals tends to differ from the variety published in history journals. This study compares the two varieties by examining footnote references in five general‐interest law journals and footnote references in two journals of legal history. In the law journals, cases and statutes accounted for the single largest group of footnotes (approximately 35%), followed by references to other law journal articles (nearly 25%). In the legal history journals, these two categories accounted for less than 20% of all references; primary and secondary historical materials predominated in the footnotes. To be sure, legal decisions and law journal articles can also be historical sources: rather than being used as evidence of what the law is, they might be studied for what they reveal about legal reasoning or rhetoric in an earlier age. However, in most legal historical research that attends primarily to cases and statutes, these materials figure as evidence of the state of the law at that time. When the analysis relies on legal sources to trace the development of a certain doctrine and treats them as sufficient to account for that development, the result is the distinctive style of research that I seek to contrast against approaches that cast the net of historical inquiry more widely. To account for these different approaches, I suggest that law professors rely on a notion of proximate causation as a historiographic method. According to this approach, legal developments are proximately caused by other developments in the legal sphere, and other social and cultural developments play more attenuated roles, such that their influence is less significant. By proposing this explanation, I hope to draw more attention to assumptions about causation in legal historiography and to question their persuasive force.
Protein–protein interactions of a whey–pea protein co‐precipitate
Authors: Kristensen Heidi Thorgaard , Christensen Mette , Hansen Mikka Stenholdt , Hammershøj Marianne , Dalsgaard Trine Kastrup 
Published: June 2021

SummaryThe aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms behind protein–protein interactions in a co‐precipitate of whey protein isolate (WPI) and pea protein isolate (PPI). A co‐precipitate and blend, consisting of 80% WPI and 20% PPI, were compared. Covalent disulphide interactions were studied by blocking of free thiols with N‐Ethylmaleimide (NEM), while electrostatic interactions were studied in systems with 0.5 m NaCl and hydrophobic interactions with 0.2% SDS. Protein solubility, stability and secondary, tertiary and quaternary protein structures were analysed. Co‐precipitation did not introduce different protein–protein interactions than the direct blending of proteins. SDS affected solubility (P < 0.05), secondary and tertiary structure. However, the effects of NEM and NaCl were significant greater (P < 0.05) on the same parameters and thermal stability, especially when combined (P < 0.01). Thus, the protein–protein interactions in a whey–pea co‐precipitate and protein blend consisted of disulphide bonds and electrostatic interactions.
Sweet processed foods in Brazil: use of sugar and sweeteners, inclusion of sugar claims and impact on nutritional profile
Authors: Soares André F. , Honorio Alice R. , de Lima Diana C. Nunes , Tribst Alline A. L. 
Published: June 2021

SummaryThis study characterised the main sweet beverages and food products marketed in Brazil regarding (i) the addition of sugar/sweeteners, (ii) nutritional profile and (iii) sugar claims. Results revealed that most of the beverages had added sweeteners, while food products were mainly sweetened with sugar. Moreover, >90% of the powdered products had added sweeteners. ‘Zero sugar’ (46%) and ‘light’ (55%) were the most common sugar claims in sugar‐free and reduced‐sugar products, respectively. Powdered products, soya drinks and baked products included claims less frequently. Regarding the nutritional profile, beverages with sugar substitution had a proportionally greater reduction in the content of carbohydrates and calories (up to 99%, for both) in relation to food (<82% and <85%, respectively). The results suggest that reducing sugar in solid foods remains a greater challenge than in beverages and that this reduction has less impact on the final energy density of foods.
Structural changes of meat protein of chicken sausages with various levels of salt and phosphate and their effects on in vitro digestion
Authors: Choi Ji Seon , Chin Koo Bok 
Published: June 2021

SummaryThe objectives of this study were to evaluate protein oxidation and in vitro digestibility of chicken sausages with various salt/phosphate combinations. Hydrophobicity increased when protein was cooked and denatured (P < 0.05). Protein oxidation was increased based on levels of SH, S‐S and carbonyl groups during the cooking process (P < 0.05). Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) revealed that the intensity of myosin heavy chain band was decreased while biopolymer band was denser when sausages were cooked. Sausages with 1.8% salt and 0.3% phosphate (S1P1) showed the lowest digestibility and maintained a flat and compact structure, unlike other treatments during the gastrointestinal digestive stage. SDS‐PAGE of digested chicken sausages showed that protein bands were degraded into small bands followed by gradual disappearance. In conclusion, cooking process can lead to protein denaturation and oxidation, regardless of levels of salt and phosphate added. In addition, adding salt and phosphate can significantly affect the digestibility of meat products.
Distress in the context of cancer and chemotherapy: A mixed‐method study
Authors: Braga Mendonça Angelo , Ramos Pereira Eliane , Magnago Carinne , Andrade Silva Rose Mary Costa Rosa , das Graças Gazel de Souza Maria , de Lima Cury Cunha Maria Amália 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere are controversial results about the effects of cancer and chemotherapy on the perception of distress.AimsThe purpose to the study is to explore the meaning of the distress experienced by patients with cancer and verify whether the cancer diagnosis, stage and receiving chemotherapy influence this experience.DesignThis is a mixed‐methods study with cancer patients.MethodsData were collected in 2018 using a phenomenological interview (n = 18) and one suffering inventory (n = 100). Qualitative analysis was performed using the empirical‐comprehensive model and quantitative using statistical tests. The results were triangulated.ResultsDistress originated from difficulties faced in health services, diagnosis confirmation, beginning treatment and interruption of life projects. Patients mobilized resources in the spiritual dimension that allowed them to redefine their distress positively. Chemotherapy brought hope back and promoted healing expectations. Higher average scores for distress were found in patients with advanced stage and receiving palliative chemotherapy. Not having begun chemotherapy and having head and neck cancer were associated with higher average scores for distress.ConclusionDistress was greater among patients who had not yet begun chemotherapy; nearness of death and difficulty talking about feelings caused distress; distress was redefined by mobilization of spiritual resources.
Degenerative outcomes of digital identity platforms for development
Authors: Masiero Silvia , Arvidsson Viktor 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDigital identity platforms are widely regarded as important means to improve social protection systems. Yet these platforms have been implicated in the production of a range of unintended outcomes for development beneficiaries. To clarify how digital identity platforms enable the production of one such outcome that we call degenerative, because it causes target systems to deteriorate, we conduct a case study of the incorporation of Aadhaar, the world's largest digital identity platform, in India's primary food security scheme. Based on the data from two South Indian states, we show how the incorporation produced degenerative effects in the access, monitoring, and policy layers of the social protection system. These effects lead us to theorise how Aadhaar enabled the degenerative outcome via exclusion, distortion, and redirection, making public distribution of subsidised goods displaceable in favour of cash transfers.
Where are the women deans? The importance of gender bias and self‐selection processes for the deanship ambition of female and male professors
Authors: Henningsen Levke , Eagly Alice H. , Jonas Klaus 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe study addressed the underrepresentation of women in university leadership by focusing on the middle management role of dean. This research set forth two processes that may affect female and male professors' ambition to become a dean: (a) gender bias whereby stakeholders are more likely to recommend men than women for deanships, and (b) self‐selection bias whereby men may find deanships more appealing than women do. A multisource, time‐lagged study of 278 professors from Germany, Austria, and Switzerland found that both being recommended by stakeholders for a deanship and finding the position appealing related positively to deanship ambitions for female and male professors. In contrast to the gender bias perspective, female and male professors were equally likely to be recommended for deanships, with recommendations reflecting prior administrative leadership experience. Consistent with the self‐selection perspective, female professors' perception of more women among deans and their greater endorsement of communal career goals (e.g., serving the community) related to the appeal of the position, which in turn related to their own ambition to become a dean. In contrast, male professors' endorsement of agentic career goals (e.g., receiving recognition) related to the appeal of deanships, which in turn related to their own ambition to become a dean. Overall, these findings suggest that policies to increase the number of women in university deanships should make salient the presence of other women in these roles and also the potential of these roles to fulfill communal career goals.
Dispersal syndromes are poorly associated with climatic niche differences in the Azorean seed plants
Authors: Leo María , Steinbauer Manuel J. , Borges Paulo A.V. , de Azevedo Eduardo B. , Gabriel Rosalina , Schaefer Hanno , Santos Ana M.C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimEnvironmental niche tracking is linked to the species ability to disperse. While well investigated on large spatial scales, dispersal constraints also influence small‐scale processes and may explain the difference between the potential and the realized niche of species at small scales. Here we test whether niche size and niche fill differ systematically according to dispersal syndrome within isolated oceanic islands. We expect that species with higher dispersal abilities (anemochorous or endozoochorous) will have a higher niche fill, despite their environmental niche size.LocationAzores archipelago.TaxonNative seed plants.MethodsWe combined a georeferenced database of the species distribution within the archipelago (Azorean Biodiversity Portal/GBIF) with an expert‐based dispersal syndrome categorization and a high‐resolution climatic grid (CIELO model). Using four climatic variables (Annual Mean Temperature, Mean Diurnal Range, Annual Precipitation, Precipitation Seasonality), we calculated a four‐dimensional hypervolume to estimate the niche size of each species. Niche fill was quantified as the suitable climatic space of the island that was occupied by the focal species.ResultsWe found a significant relationship between dispersal syndromes and niche size, and also between dispersal syndromes and niche fill. Such relationships presented no phylogenetic signal. Endozoochorous species display higher niche fill compared to epizoochorous and hydrochorous species, and larger niches than anemochorous and epizoochorous. Differences among the remaining groups are not significant for either niche size or for niche fill.Main conclusionsThe ability of a species to track its niche at small scales is not tightly related to its dispersal syndrome, although endozoochorous species track their niche more efficiently than the rest of groups. Despite being intuitively appealing, dispersal syndrome classifications might not be the most appropriate tools for understanding dispersal processes at small scales.
The influence of climate and palaeoclimate on distributions of global conifer clades depends on geographical range size
Authors: Sundaram Mekala , Leslie Andrew B. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimWe investigate how plant distributions are shaped by current and palaeoclimate regimes. We specifically use global conifer biodiversity to test if palaeoclimatic signatures are stronger in range‐restricted taxa relative to widespread taxa.LocationGlobal.TaxonConiferales.MethodsWe combine global geographical occurrences for 606 conifer species and 69 conifer genera with climate information (modern day and palaeoclimate) to examine the predictors of current conifer distribution. We test how climate predicts the richness of range‐restricted taxa and influences turnover of widespread taxa using generalized dissimilarity models and a zeta diversity framework. We also construct ensemble distribution models to test if palaeoclimates differentially influence the current distribution of range‐restricted versus widespread taxa.ResultsGeneralized dissimilarity models suggest that palaeoclimatic variation is associated with richness differences among small‐range species and genera; specifically, most occur in areas with little temporal climatic variation. Turnover among more widespread taxa, in contrast, is more strongly related to broad modern and palaeoclimatic temperature gradients. Ensemble distribution models also suggest that palaeoclimatic variation contributes more to the current range of genera with restricted ranges.Main conclusionsThe most widespread conifers broadly follow past and current temperature gradients, leading to latitudinal sorting of genera based on their physiological adaptations. Range‐restricted species and genera, however, preferentially occur in climatically stable regions where they contribute to richness hotspots. History, rather than current climate patterns, likely exerts a disproportionate influence on global richness patterns in the group.
Establishment and experimental validation of an immune miRNA signature for assessing prognosis and immune landscape of patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Liu Zaoqu , Lu Taoyuan , Wang Yanli , Jiao Dechao , Li Zhaonan , Wang Libo , Liu Long , Guo Chunguang , Zhao Yanan , Han Xinwei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAs essential regulators of gene expression, miRNAs are engaged in the initiation and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC), including antitumour immune response. In this study, we proposed an integrated algorithm, ImmuMiRNA, for identifying miRNA modulators of immune‐associated pathways. Based on these immune‐associated miRNAs, we applied the LASSO algorithm to develop a reliable and individualized signature for evaluating overall survival (OS) and inflammatory landscape of CRC patients. An external public data set and qRT‐PCR data from 40 samples were further utilized to validate this signature. As a result, an immune‐associated miRNA prognostic signature (IAMIPS) consisting of three miRNAs (miR‐194‐3P, miR‐216a‐5p and miR‐3677‐3p) was established and validated. Patients in the high‐risk group possessed worse OS. After stratification for clinical factors, the signature remained a powerful independent predictor for OS. IAMIPS displayed much better accuracy than the traditional clinical stage in assessing the prognosis of CRC. Further analysis revealed that patients in the high‐risk group were characterized by inflammatory response, abundance immune cell infiltration, and higher immune checkpoint profiles and tumour mutation burden (TMB). In conclusion, the IAMIPS is highly predictive of OS in patients with CRC, which may serve as a powerful prognostic tool to further optimize immunotherapies for cancer.
Fractalkine aggravates LPS‐induced macrophage activation and acute kidney injury via Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway
Authors: Gong Qiming , Jiang Yan , Pan Xiuhong , You Yanwu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFractalkine (CX3CL1, FKN), a CX3C gene sequence inflammatory chemokine, has been found to have pro‐inflammatory and pro‐adhesion effects. Macrophages are immune cells with a critical role in regulating the inflammatory response. The imbalance of M1/M2 macrophage polarization can lead to aggravated inflammation. This study attempts to investigate the mechanisms through which FKN regulates macrophage activation and the acute kidney injury (AKI) involved in inflammatory response induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by using FKN knockout (FKN‐KO) mice and cultured macrophages. It was found that FKN and Wnt/β‐catenin signalling have a positive interaction in macrophages. FKN overexpression inhibited LPS‐induced macrophage apoptosis. However, it enhanced their cell viability and transformed them into the M2 type. The effects of FKN overexpression were accelerated by activation of Wnt/β‐catenin signalling. In the in vivo experiments, FKN deficiency suppressed macrophage activation and reduced AKI induced by LPS. Inhibition of Wnt/β‐catenin signalling and FKN deficiency further mitigated the pathologic process of AKI. In summary, we provide a novel mechanism underlying activation of macrophages in LPS‐induced AKI. Although LPS‐induced murine AKI was unable to completely recapitulate human AKI, the positive interactions between FKN and Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway may be a therapeutic target in the treatment of kidney injury.
Local adaptation, geographical distance and phylogenetic relatedness: Assessing the drivers of siderophore‐mediated social interactions in natural bacterial communities
Authors: Butaitė Elena , Kramer Jos , Kümmerli Rolf 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn heterogenous, spatially structured habitats, individuals within populations can become adapted to the prevailing conditions in their local environment. Such local adaptation has been reported for animals and plants, and for pathogens adapting to hosts. There is increasing interest in applying the concept of local adaptation to microbial populations, especially in the context of microbe–microbe interactions. Here, we tested whether cooperation and cheating on cooperation can spur patterns of local adaptation in soil and pond communities of Pseudomonas bacteria, collected across a geographical scale of 0.5 to 50 m. We focussed on the production of pyoverdines, a group of secreted iron‐scavenging siderophores that often differ among pseudomonads in their chemical structure and the receptor required for their uptake. A combination of supernatant‐feeding and competition assays between isolates from four distance categories revealed tremendous variation in the extent to which pyoverdine non‐ and low‐producers can benefit from pyoverdines secreted by producers. However, this variation was not explained by geographical distance, but primarily depended on the phylogenetic relatedness between interacting isolates. A notable exception occurred in local pond communities, where the effect of phylogenetic relatedness was eroded in supernatant assays, probably due to the horizontal transfer of receptor genes. While the latter result could be a signature of local adaptation, our results overall indicate that common ancestry and not geographical distance is the main predictor of siderophore‐mediated social interactions among pseudomonads.