bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK ETANOL LIMBAH KULIT BUAH APEL (Malus domestica Borkh.) TERHADAP RADIKAL BEBAS DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazil)
Authors: Pertiwi Ratih Dyah , Yari Cut Ervinar , Putra Nanda Franata 
Published: January 2021

Recently, many plants have not been utilized properly, one of those is apple plant. There are several types of apples which are widely consumed and used as processed products, among others, as candied apples, syrup and fruit juice. The effluent from the process in the form of processed peel and pulp is not only used as a substitute for animal feed and fertilizer plants, but also used as a natural antioxidant that is needed by the human body against various free radical. Most of the people who like to consume apples prefer to discard the apple peel without using it. Apple peel contains quercetin substances, which needed to increase the levels of antioxidants. The preparation of ethanol extract from apple peels waste is used by maceration method using solvent 70% ethanol. To test the antioxidant activity towards free radical DPPH the extract was made into several concentrations, namely 10 ppm, 20 ppm, 30 ppm, 40 ppm and 60 ppm, and than mixed with a solution of DPPH with concentration of 100 ppm. The absorbance was measured using a spectrophotometer UV-Visible. Based on the result of the research, the percentage of reduction obtain from those of extract concentrations were 8.580%, 14.510%, 21.653%, 26.685% and 34,232%. From percentage reduction result, it was obtain IC50 in the amount of 87.795 ppm. Based on the IC50 values can be conclud that the ethanol extract of apple peel waste has strong antioxidant activity classification
PEMANFAATAN EKSTRAK HERBAL TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS DAN MUTU AYAM PEDAGING SEBAGAI UPAYA KETAHANAN PANGAN DI KALIMANTAN TIMUR BERBASIS PETERNAKAN RAMAH LINGKUNGAN
Authors: Supomo Supomo , Siswanto Eka , Ventyrina Ine 
Published: January 2021

Quality broilers become a serious problem for farmers. Many studies done to solve these problems, one of them by making use of natural materials. Some plants are known to have the ability to improve the quality of broilers as bitter, ginger and onions tiwai. This study aimed to determine the effect of ethanol extract of the herb on the quality of broilers. Subjects used is Strain Cobb broiler DOC. A total of 60 chickens were kept in a cage stage measuring 1.5 x 1.5 m for 30 days. Subjects were divided into five treatment where each treatment consisted of four tails. The experiment was conducted with three replications using a completely randomized design. Such treatment includes control (P0), the ethanol extract of sambiloto 0.02 % (P1), the ethanol extract of umbi bawang dayak 0.05 % (P2), the ethanol extract of temulawak 0,075 (P3), Product Imugas (P4). Quality parameters include coarse fat content and crude protein. The data obtained were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that the treatment of all types of ethanol extract of the herb can improve the quality of broilers compared to control (sig < 0.05), the type of treatment is best to P4. Quality parameters which include : crude protein and crude lipid. Levels of the protein, which is the highest in treatment P4 by 23.87% . Fat content, which is the lowest in treatment P4 of 10.50%
FORMULASI EKSTRAK ETANOL GAMBIR (Uncaria gambir Roxb.) DALAM BEDAK ANTI JERAWAT
Authors: Warnida Husnul , Masliyana Agustiani , Sapri Sapri 
Published: January 2021

Acne occurs due to blockage of pilosebaseus (oil glands) and inflammation causing by Propionibacterium acne, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus. The purpose of the study was to test the antibacterial activity of gambir (Uncaria gambier Roxb.) ethanol extract toward Staphylococcus epidermidis and to formulate gambir ethanol extract into a loose powder dosage form that meets the standards of physical powder quality. Gambir was macerated with 95% ethanol. Activity of gambir ethanol extract against Staphylococcus epidermidis was tested by diffusion method using varying concentrations 3%, 6% and 9% of gambir etanol extract. Afterward, gambir ethanol extract formulated into powder. Analyze of powder physical properties including organoleptic test, homogeneity and particle size distribution. The results showed gambirethanol extract 3%, 6%, 9% has inhibition zone diameter 3.6 mm, 4.2 mm, and 6.8 mm respectively. Gambir ethanol extract powder has a homogeneous, fine size with a light brown color and a distinctive gambir aroma. The average particle size of the powder is 236.17 μm
UJI AKTIVITAS EKSTRAK ETANOL BIJI PINANG (Areca catechu L.) TERHADAP PENYEMBUHAN LUKA BAKAR PADA KULIT PUNGGUNG MENCIT PUTIH JANTAN (Mus musculus)
Authors: Handayani Fitri , Sundu Reksi , Karapa Henriko Nober 
Published: January 2021

Areca seeds contain flavonoid, tannin, and alkaloid which can help the healing process of burn wounds on the back skin of mice. Areca seeds are used for treatment because it has antimicrobial activity. Areca Seeds are one of Indonesian plants which the fruit in tranditional way is used as burn medicine. The objective of this study was to know theeffect of ethanol extract of areca seeds against burn wound healing on the back skin of mice. Fifteen mices were used in this experiment and were divided into 5 groups : vaseline flavum as a control negative, branded ointment as a control positive , ethanol extract of areca seeds in vaseline flavum with consentration 20%, 40 % and 60 %. Each group consisted of 3 mices. The back skin of mice was induced using hot iron size 1×1 cm for 2 seconds then given a treatment for 14 days. The percentage of healing of burns by calculating the surface area of wound. The results of its preliminary phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and saponins. The percentage of burn wound healing of ethanol extract in concentration 20 % was 84,33 %, 40 % was 87,67%; and 60% was 89,67%. Data was analyzed using one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) which showed that data has significant differences (P < 0,05) was 0,000. LSD test showed that each treatment group had siginicant differences with significant value < 0,05.
UJI TOKSISITAS AKUT EKSTRAK ETANOL AKAR KB (Coptosapelta tomentosa Valeton ex K.Heyne) DENGAN METODE Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT)
Authors: Supriningrum Risa , Sapri Sapri , Pranamala Vici Ali 
Published: January 2021

The roots of KB plants (Captosapelta tomentisa) is used empiricallyby Dayak Kenyah community as a drug leukorrhea. Leukorrhea is one of the early symptoms of cervical cancer. Early methods to determine the LC50 value or toxicity of anticancer KB roots have not been reported. The aim of research is to determine the value of the toxicity of KB root. Research was conducted by an experimental study. Research stages include sample processing, extraction and acute toxicity test by Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). BSLT testing to determine LC50 values with a concentration of 250 ppm, 300 ppm, 400 ppm, 450 ppm and a negative control. Analysis of the data used are probit analysis method. The results showed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids and saponins in of the ethanol extract of KB root . The test results obtained acute toxicity LC50 value is 299.226 mg / ml, so that the ethanol extract of roots KB potentially toxic to the larvae of Artemia salina Leach.
FORMULASI SEDIAAN SALEP EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN ALPUKAT (Persea americana Mill.) SEBAGAI ANTIACNE
Authors: Soemarie Yulistia Budianti , Astuti Tri , Rochmah Nur 
Published: January 2021

Currently, the development of acne drugs (antiacne) use many natural materials because the natural materials can minimize the side effect if compared with synthetic chemicals drugs. Acne can caused by propionibacterium acnes, staphylococcus epidermis and staphylococcus aureu. One of plants that can be used for acne treatment is leaves of Avocado (Persea americana Mill). The aim of this study was to know whether the ethanol extract of leaves of avocado (Persea americana Mill.) can be made into an ointment preparations that fulfill the requirements. Sample in this research was extract of avocado leaves which used maceration method. The ointment formulations were made into some variation concentrations of PEG 400 and PEG 4000: Formula I (30%:70%); Formula II (50%:50%) and Formula III (70%:30%). The results show that the ointment of avocado leaves which fulfilled the requirements of physical properties is formula III with concentration of PEG 400 70 % and PEG 4000 30 %
FORMULASI PATCH KOSMETIK LENDIR BEKICOT (Achatina fulica) DENGAN POLIMER KITOSAN DAN BERBAGAI VARIASI AMILUM
Authors: Nisa Michrun , Nuraisyah Andi , Yusuf Nurul Arfiyanti , K Nurul Alifah 
Published: January 2021

The research on cosmetic patch formulation containing snail slime with a variety starch was aimed to determine the type of starch that could produce a patch preparation with a good physical characteristic had been conducted. Cosmetic patch formulation of snail slime was using combination of chitosan and starch polymers such as corn, potato and tapioca starch. The method was used the solvent evaporation technique. The evaluation of patches include weight uniformity, folding endurance, thickness, moisture content, moisture uptake and stability of the patch. The combination of chitosan and starch polymers produced patches that had pH 5 with color uniformity, smoothness of surface and easily removed from the mold. The results showed that patches containing tapioca starch gave weight uniformity that did not much different on each replication that was 0,568 ± 0,03. Patches containing corn starch provided thickness values on each replication did not much different from 0,16± 0,01. Patches containing potato and tapioca starch produced patches that was accordance with the standard parameter of folding endurance was more than 200 times. Patches containing corn and tapioca starch producing patches accordance with the standard parameter of moisture content were less than 10 %. Patches containing potato starch gave patch a high moisture uptake that was 8,2%. The combination of chitosan and tapioca strach as polymers produced patch preparation with a good characteristic on the formulation of snail slime cosmetic patch.
FORMULASI SEDIAAN GEL DISPERSI PADAT IBUPROFEN : STUDI GELLING AGENT DAN SENYAWA PENINGKAT PENETRASI
Authors: Nurahmanto Dwi , Mahrifah Ifa Rosi , Azis Rani Firda Nur Imaniah , Rosyidi Viddy Agustian 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
This study aims to determine the effect of using gelling agent and chemical penetration enhancer on the solid dispersion Ibuprofen gel in increasing the transdermal drug penetration. Inhibition of the COX-1 enzyme caused by ibuprofen in oral administration can cause side effects of gastrointestinal disorders, dyspepsia, diarrhea, upper gastrointestinal infections, nausea and bloating, resulting in a topical route to reduce side effects. The gel is prepared using hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) and carbopol® as gelling agents, and also propylene glycol and glycerin as chemical penetration enhancer compounds. The gel evaluation are viscosity, pH, spreadability and penetration flux rate. The value of the formula 3 penetration flux is 1.5383 ± 0.029 ug / cm2.minute, the formula 1 is 1.403 ± 0.055 ug / cm2. minute, the formula 2 is 0.756 ± 0.071 ug / cm2 minute, while the formula 4 is 0.5404 ± 0.106 ug / Cm2. minute. The amount of gelling agent concentration and chemical penetration enhancer compound effect on the value of the flux penetration
PENGETAHUAN DAN PERSEPSI APOTEKER TERHADAP SISTEM PELAPORAN MONITORING EFEK SAMPING OBAT (MESO) DI APOTEK WILAYAH KOTA YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Ulfah Sarah , Ristiono Hendy , Perwitasari Dyah A 
Published: January 2021

The importance of pharmacovigilance activity is the Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) reporting system. Many pharmacists who do not report ADR incident and number of ADR indicated that more knowledge and good perception of ADR is needed. This study was aimed at investigating the knowledge and perception of pharmacists towards the ADR reporting system of Community Pharmacists in Yogyakarta City, Indonesia. Cross sectional study design was conducted to community pharmacists (n=275) in Yogyakarta City, Indonesia on the period of November 2016 to March 2017. All data were analysed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software V.16.0. Results were reported as frequency, and we used cross tabulation. The questionnaire consisted of questions about the sociodemographic characteristics of the Pharmacists. Furthermore, questionnaire with nine and eight points for assessing knowledge and perception about ADR Reporting System in Indonesia was used. The response rate of community pharmacists reached 36% (n = 100). A majority of the respondent was female (81%) and respondents of age group 20–30 years were predominantly (55%). Most of the respondents was graduated as pharmacist (85%), in the graduation year of 2010-2016 (55%). Most of the pharmacist had 1-5 years of work experience (44%) and never get pharmacovigilance training (86%). Most of the pharmacists had fair knowledge ( 40%) and fair perception (65%) towards the ADR reporting system. Pharmacovigilance training and last education of community pharmacists could influence the pharmacists’ knowledge (p: 0.00 and 0.013, respectively). Moreover, there was no significant association between pharmacists’ knowledge and perception (p > 0.496).
POTENSI EKSTRAK DAUN TANAMAN KARAMUNTING (Melastoma malabathricum L.) DI DAERAH KALIMANTAN SEBAGAI ANTIBAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Niah Rakhmadhan , Baharsyah Riki Nirwan 
Published: January 2021

The year 2008 recorded the death toll reached 16,769 soul due to infection. Infection is one of the diseases caused by bacteria or parasites. Staphylococcus aureus is one of the bacteria causes infection of the skin that is often the case in Indonesia. Staphylococcus aureus bacterial infection can be treated naturally, one of the plants that can be utilized is plant karamunting. Plant leaf karamunting (Melastoma malabathricum l.) contain flavonoids and alkaloids that have activity as antibacterial. The purpose of this research is to know the power of drag karamunting folium of extract against the growth of Staphylococcus aureus.
In vitro studies were conducted with diffusion agar method. The extraction of leaf maceration method done with karamunting solvent ethanol 96%. Concentration of karamunting folium of extract used are: 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. Microbiology research results indicate that karamunting folium of extract have drag against the growth of bacteria Staphylococcus aureus with extract concentration 50% yield of 5.34 mm; the concentration of extract 75% of 9.40 mm; the concentration of extract 100% of 12.43 mm.
Your hospital needs you: Eliciting positive cybersecurity behaviours from healthcare staff
Authors: Branley-Bell Dawn , Coventry Lynne , Sillence Elizabeth , Magalini Sabina , Mari Pasquale , Magkanaraki Aimilia , Anastasopoulou Kalliopi 
Published: January 2021

Staff behaviour plays a key role in the cybersecurity position of an organisation. Despite this, behaviour-change interventions are not commonly applied within the field of cybersecurity. Behaviour change technique could be particularly beneficial given increasing concerns around healthcare cybersecurity risks; particularly following the 2017 WannaCry ransomware attack which had devastating results on healthcare services. Cyber-risk is particularly concerning within healthcare given the criticality of medical systems and the potential impacts of a cyberbreach or attack. In worst case scenarios, cybersecurity incidents could result in patient harm or even fatalities. Whilst there has been concerted investment in improving healthcare’s technological defences against cyberthreat, the same level of investment has not been made in healthcare staff. This has left staff behaviour as a vulnerability which can be exploited by attackers. This paper introduces a structured approach to help organisations work through four key steps that we refer to as the AIDE approach to Assess, Identify, Develop and Evaluate behaviour change techniques to facilitate more secure behaviour. We include a worked example of how we are applying this approach to the development of interventions to mitigate insecure cybersecurity behaviours in a healthcare context.
Prevalence and Family History Characteristics of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Children and Adolescents: A Nigerian Tertiary-Healthcare Based Study
Authors: Oyenusi Elizabeth Eberechi , Onyiriuka Alphonsus Ndidi , Alkali Yahaya Saidu 
Published: January 2021

Background: Family history of diabetes mellitus is a useful tool for detecting children and adolescents at risk of the disease. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence and describe the characteristics of family history of diabetes mellitus in Nigerian children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Methods: A retrospective chart review of children and adolescents newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes was conducted in three tertiary-healthcare institutions in Nigeria. In addition to the review of charts of old patients, other children and adolescents who presented with new-onset diabetes during the review process were also included. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used in obtaining information from the patients and their parents. Using the criteria suggested by Scheuner et al, the family history risk category was stratified into average, moderate and high. Results: Out of a total of 65 children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes, 29(44.6%, 95% CI= 32.6-56.7) had a positive family history of diabetes mellitus. Of the affected family members, 42.9% were first-degree relatives. The frequencies of family history risk category were average 65.5%, moderate 27.6% and high 6.9%. Among the affected family members in whom information on their diabetes status was available, 19(86.4%) had type 2 diabetes and only 3(13.6%) had type 1 diabetes. Conclusion: Four out of every ten patients with type 1 diabetes in the paediatric age group, have a first- degree relative with a positive family history of diabetes.
Concealed Foreign Body Aspiration: A Master of Disguise
Authors: Sugunan Pravin , Jeganathan Netia , Devesahayam Philip Rajan 
Published: January 2021

Aspiration of a foreign body is rare in school-age children. This reports the 21-day journey of an 8-year-old girl who had a foreign body aspiration. She presented to our hospital after five days of respiratory distress. She subsequently required mechanical ventilation and was supported with triple inotropes. After 18 days, a foreign body was removed via rigid bronchoscopy, followed by a rapid recovery of the patient.
THE ANALYSIS OF MORAL VALUES IN DANGEROUS MINDS MOVIE BY JOHN N. SMITH
Authors: Alawiyyah Anisa , Oktavi Sri Hastin 
Published: January 2021

This research aims is to find out: The intrinsic element in Dangerous Minds Movie by John N. Smith, The kinds of moral values in Dangerous Movie Minds by John N. Smith, The Cause of the moral value in Dangerous Minds Movie by John N. Smith, The solution of moral values in Dangerous Minds Movie by John N. Smith. The research method used is content analysis and literary psychoanalysis. The subject of the study was Dangerous Movie Minds by John N. Smith. The results of this study include the intrinsic elements in Dangerous Movie Minds by John N. Smith are theme, plot, characterization and background. The kinds of moral values found in this research are honesty, authentic value, self-confidence, moral independence, humility, responsibility, tenacity, reality and crisis, moral faith and courage. These findings suggest that this technique is effective for analyzing the moral values in Dangerous Minds Movie by John N. Smith.
TRANSLATION OF SAPARDI DJOKO DAMONO’S POEM INTO ENGLISH
Authors: Isdiati Ary Fadjar 
Published: January 2021

This article describes the translation strategy used by John H. McGlynn to translate Sapardi Djoko Damono's poem Sajak Orang Gila into English with the title Ballad of a Crazy Man, and see: Has this translation’s poem equality in word level. If not, what is the cause. The method is descriptive qualitative. Data sources are the poem Sajak Orang Gila and Ballad of a Crazy Man. Words, phrases, and sentences in all the stanzas and lines were analyzed using the poetry translation theory by Andre Lavefere to determine the translation strategies used to translate the poem, and using the theory of the cause of inequality by Mona Baker. The analysis shows that the translation strategy used by John H. McGlynn are literal and interpretation translation strategy. The literal translation strategy is used to translate 11 stanzas, and the interpretation translation strategy is used to translate 2 stanzas. In general, the translation of this poem is good, because the meaning in the source poem is conveyed well in the target poem. However, in the translation of some stanzas found incompatible meanings in words. There are 3 causes of discrepancies found, namely: 1) Differences in physical or interpersonal perspectives; 2) The target language lack a special term (hyponym); and 3) Differences in expressive meaning.
THE ANALYSIS OF SUNDANESE LANGUAGE TO STUDENTS' ENGLISH CONSONANT PRONUNCIATION CONDUCTED IN SMA MUTIARA PALABUHAN RATU
Authors: Alawiyyah Anisa , Pabriana Handi 
Published: January 2021

In this modern era, we are forced to be able to communicate with people around the world. Communication related with language that every country has their language. English as most spoken English in the world made it become an international language. Learning English as foreign language has many problem especially with their mother tongue. The connection of both language is influence each other especially English. For sure Sundanese as the second most spoken language in Indonesia. Many Sundanese native learnt English especially students. The different structure both of language was influenced especially the consonant differences The relation between English and Sundanese is in their different structure of consonants sound especially in the pronunciation both of languages. This research has aims to know the main appearances of Sundanese language to student English consonant pronunciation, fricative English sounds pronounced by Sundanese student, and new variant that appear in student English consonant pronunciation. This research used descriptive qualitative research as the method of the research. The instruments of this research are questionnaire, test and interview which are conducted to 42 samples of SMA Mutiara Terpadu Palabuhanratu. This research found that 100% sample transformed the sound ð to d or t, 100% sample transformed the sound ‘ʒ’ to ‘s’, 100% sample transformed ‘ʧ’ to ‘c’, 96% sample transformed the sound ʤ to d or g, 98% sample transformed ʃ to ‘s’, 94% samples transformed ‘f’ to ‘p’, 100% samples transformed sound ‘v’ to ‘f’ or ‘p’, 100% samples transformed sound ‘ɵ’ to ‘t’, and 100% samples transformed ‘z’ to ‘s’ to ‘j’. Beside that, the double consonant in a word was banned, such as: ‘around’ to ‘aroun’, and ‘almost’ to ‘almos’. The conclusion of this research is the unknown consonant of Sundanese in English transformed to Sundanese similar sound, and the rule of English pronunciation was equalized with Sundanese rules.