bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Program for Healthier School Cafeterias in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil: Protocol for a Community-Based Randomized Trial
Authors: Balestrin Mariana , Brasil Carla Cristina Bauermann , Bellei Ericles Andrei , Kirsten Vanessa Ramos , Wagner Mario Bernardes 
Published: January 2021

Background
School cafeterias can promote poor eating habits, as these retail outlets have a variety of foods considered to be nonnutritive and unhealthy. However, despite the need for effective preventive strategies, there is still disagreement on the best approach due to the lack of evidence on interventions to prevent and treat obesity in the school settings.

Objective
We aim to verify the efficacy of an educational intervention program to improve the hygienic conditions and the composition of the menu offered in school cafeterias in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

Methods
We will conduct a randomized, parallel, two-arm, community-based controlled study. Elementary and high schools, both public and private, in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, that have a cafeteria will be eligible. Schools will be recruited and randomly assigned to the intervention (n=27) or control (n=27) group. The intervention group will receive an educational intervention program based on the guidelines issued by the Ministry of Health of Brazil, consisting of a 160-hour distance-learning qualification course, for 10 weeks, and using the Moodle platform and WhatsApp app. The intervention targets the owners and people in charge of the cafeterias, food handlers, principals, vice principals, teachers, pedagogical coordinators, dietitians, representatives of students' parents, and students over 16 years old. Meanwhile, the control group will receive only a printed copy of the book containing the guidelines used. The efficacy of the intervention will be determined by the hygienic conditions of the cafeteria and the composition of the menu offered, also considering the levels of processing of food sold. All outcomes will be analyzed as intention-to-treat and per-protocol. We will use covariance analysis or a generalized linear model for continuous data and ordinal logistic regression for ordinal categorical data. The level of statistical significance considered will be P<.05 for a 95% CI.

Results
This project was funded in early 2018. We administered the intervention program in 2019. All data have already been collected, and we are analyzing the data. The results are expected in 2021.

Conclusions
To our knowledge, this may be the first randomized controlled study in school cafeterias held in Brazil. The results will provide evidence for the formulation of public food and nutritional security policies and for the development of effective strategies to provide safe and healthy school meals.

Trial Registration
Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry RBR-9rrqhk; https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-9rrqhk

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/22680
The Efficacy of WeChat-Based Parenting Training on the Psychological Well-being of Mothers With Children With Autism During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Quasi-Experimental Study
Authors: Liu Guihua , Wang Shuo , Liao Jinhua , Ou Ping , Huang Longsheng , Xie Namei , He Yingshuang , Lin Jinling , He Hong-Gu , Hu Rongfang 
Published: January 2021

Background
During the COVID-19 pandemic, special education schools for children in most areas of China were closed between the end of January and the beginning of June in 2020. The sudden interruption in schooling and the pandemic itself caused parents to be anxious and even to panic. Mobile-based parenting skills education has been demonstrated to be an effective method for improving the psychological well-being of mothers with children with autism. However, whether it can improve the psychological states of mothers in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic is a subject that should be urgently investigated.

Objective
The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of WeChat-based parenting training on anxiety, depression, parenting stress, and hope in mothers with children with autism, as well as the feasibility of the program during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
This was a quasi-experimental trial. A total of 125 mothers with preschool children with autism were recruited in January 2020. The participants were assigned to the control group (n=60), in which they received routine care, or the intervention group (n=65), in which they received the 12-week WeChat-based parenting training plus routine care, according to their preferences. Anxiety, depression, parenting stress, hope, satisfaction, and adherence to the intervention were measured at three timepoints: baseline (T0), postintervention (T1), and a 20-week follow-up (T2).

Results
In total, 109 mothers completed the T1 assessment and 104 mothers completed the T2 assessment. The results of the linear mixed model analysis showed statistically significant group × time interaction effects for the intervention on anxiety (F=14.219, P<.001), depression (F=26.563, P<.001), parenting stress (F=68.572, P<.001), and hope (F=197.608, P<.001). Of all mothers in the intervention group, 90.4% (48.8/54) reported that they were extremely satisfied with the WeChat-based parenting training. In total, 40.0% (26/65) logged their progress in home training each week and 61.5% (40/65) logged their progress more than 80% of the time for all 20 weeks.

Conclusions
The WeChat-based parenting training is acceptable and appears to be an effective approach for reducing anxiety, depression, and parenting stress, as well as increasing hope in mothers with children with autism during the global COVID-19 pandemic. Future studies with rigorous designs and longer follow-up periods are needed to further detect the effectiveness of the WeChat-based parenting training.

Trial Registration
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2000031772; http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=52165
Suitability of Video Consultations During the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown: Cross-sectional Survey Among Norwegian General Practitioners
Authors: Johnsen Tor Magne , Norberg Børge Lønnebakke , Kristiansen Eli , Zanaboni Paolo , Austad Bjarne , Krogh Frode Helgetun , Getz Linn 
Published: January 2021

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic imposed an acute, sharp rise in the use of video consultations (VCs) by general practitioners (GPs) in Norway.

Objective
This study aims to document GPs’ experiences with the large-scale uptake of VCs in the natural experiment context of the pandemic.

Methods
A nationwide, cross-sectional online survey was conducted among Norwegian GPs during the pandemic lockdown (April 14-May 3, 2020). Each respondent was asked to evaluate up to 10 VCs. Basic demographic characteristics of the GPs and their practices were collected. The associations between GPs’ perceived suitability of the VCs, the nature of the patients’ main problems, prior knowledge of the patients (relational continuity), and follow-up of previously presented problems (episodic continuity) were explored using descriptive statistics, diagrams, and chi-square tests.

Results
In total, 1237 GPs (26% of the target group) responded to the survey. Among these, 1000 GPs offered VCs, and 855 GPs evaluated a total of 3484 VCs. Most GPs who offered VCs (1000/1237; 81%) had no experience with VCs before the pandemic. Overall, 51% (1766/3476) of the evaluated VCs were considered to have similar or even better suitability to assess the main reason for contact, compared to face-to-face consultations. In the presence of relational continuity, VCs were considered equal to or better than face-to-face consultations in 57% (1011/1785) of cases, as opposed to 32% (87/274) when the patient was unknown. The suitability rate for follow-up consultations (episodic continuity) was 61% (1165/1919), compared to 35% (544/1556) for new patient problems. Suitability varied considerably across clinical contact reasons. VCs were found most suitable for anxiety and life stress, depression, and administrative purposes, as well as for longstanding or complex problems that normally require multiple follow-up consultations. The GPs estimate that they will conduct about 20% of their consultations by video in a future, nonpandemic setting.

Conclusions
Our study of VCs performed in general practice during the pandemic lockdown indicates a clear future role for VCs in nonpandemic settings. The strong and consistent association between continuity of care and GPs’ perceptions of the suitability of VCs is a new and important finding with considerable relevance for future primary health care planning.
Flexible Nephroscopy: A Step Towards Complete Stone Clearance in PCNL
Authors: Thirugnanasambandam Vasudevan , Kone Kalyanram 
Published: January 2021

Objectives To determine the usefulness of flexible nephroscopy after per-cutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in detecting residual fragments. Materials and Methods A prospective study was conducted between January 2018 and December 2019 on patients undergoing standard PCNL using a flexible nephroscope to inspect all the calyces for residual stones. When residual stones were noted, either they were removed by basketing or by performing additional puncture to ensure complete clearance. Patients were followed up for 6 months and at the end of 1 month a plain CT KUB was done to look for residual fragments. Results The study cohort included 212 patients. Significant RFs were found in 28 patients during flexible nephroscopy and in two patients at 1 month follow up CT scan. All patients were stone free during 6 months follow up. Conclusion Flexible nephroscopy during PCNL decreases the chance of residual fragments and thereby reducing the chance of re-procedure rates.
Juventud y género en la educación física escolar
Authors: Corsino Luciano Nascimento , Sanches Neto Luiz , Venâncio Luciana 
Published: January 2021

Este trabajo presenta reflexiones sobre la enseñanza diaria de Educación Física en un Instituto Federal en el Estado de Río Grande del Sur. Revisamos construcciones teóricas de autores de la Sociología de la Educación, Sociología de la Juventud y Educación Física en la escuela. Los objetivos apuntan a tres aspectos orientadores de nuestro análisis: situar las formas de enseñar a un maestro de Educación Física, con base en cuestiones que involucran los jóvenes y género; describir cómo estos problemas pasan por la enseñanza del maestro; y explicar la interseccionalidad en este proceso. Realizamos una investigación cualitativa con un instrumento metodológico de diario de campo, que contiene observaciones y registros sobre las clases, e informes del profesor. Los resultados indican que el debate sobre transexuales en el deporte con jóvenes estudiantes puede ser importante para romper los prejuicios que suelen sustentar los discursos sobre este tema. Consideramos que existen engendros, aproximaciones e interseccionalidades que implican la participación y envolvimiento de los(as) estudiantes, basados ​​en el (re)conocimiento de los problemas de género en su juventud, así como su identidad, relaciones sociales y epistemológicas con el conocimiento desarrollado en educación Física.
PENGARUH EKSTRAK RIMPANG JAHE (ZINGIBER OFFICINALE ROSC.) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN PYTHIUM SP. PENYEBAB PENYAKIT REBAH KECAMBAH MENTIMUN SECARA IN VITRO
Authors: Mujim Subli Mujim 
Published: January 2021

Effect of the ginger extract (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) on the growth of Pythium sp., the causal agent of cucumber damping off disease. The Pythium sp. often damaged cucumber seedling in seedbed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of ginger extract on the growth and spore production of Pythium sp. The study was conducted in 2005 at the laboratory of plant pathology, University of Lampung. The treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design with four replicates. The treatments were consisted of five level of concentrations of ginger rhizome extract i.e, 0; 2.5; 5.0; 7.5 and 10 %. The results show that all concentrations of the rhizome ginger extract inhibited mycelial growth and spore production of Pythium sp. There was a significant linear relationship between the rhizome ginger extract and both of fungal growth and spore production.
EFEK BAKTERI PELARUT FOSFAT TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN ASPERGILLUS FLAVUS PADA PERKECAMBAHAN KACANG TANAH
Authors: Avivi Sholeh , Suyani Ida Sugeng , Winarso Sugeng 
Published: January 2021

Effect of phosphate solubilizing microorganism to Aspergillus flavus development on peanut germination. Phosphate solubilizing microorganisms (PSM) are microorganisms which could increase the available P in plant media. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of PSM on A. flavus growth, and to identify it’s effects on the growth dynamics of A. flavus as long as the peanut germination. The research were conducted in the Laboratory of Plant Diseases Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jember, from August 2005 to May 2006 and divided in 2 stages: in vitro and germination stage. Base on in-vitro stage we concluded that Bacillus subtilis strain SK had better inhibition toward the growth of A. flavus than Pseudomonas fluorescent strain GM. B. subtilis strain SK could inhibit A. flavus as much as 74%, whereas P. fluorescent strain GM was only reached 60% compared to control. Base on the germination stage, B. subtilis in the desiccator supernatant (BsDS) could increase the dry weight of root up to 24.1 g better than P. fluorescens strain GM and control. We also found that B. subtilis strain SK was more effective to change the availability of P on plant media.
PRODUKSI ANTISERUM DAN KAJIAN SEROLOGI CHRYSANTHEMUM B CARLAVIRUS (CVB)
Authors: Temaja IGRM , Suastika G. , Hidayat S.H. , Kartosuwondo U. 
Published: January 2021

Antiserum production and serological assay of Chrysanthemum B Carlavirus (CVB). Virus identification based on spesific reaction between antigen and antibody in serological assay has been widely applied as a tool for plant virus detection. The aims of this research is to produce antiserum of the CVB by guinea pig immunization using purified CVB of Cianjur isolate. The antiserum was used further for the serological test. Serological methods for detection of CVB were I-ELISA, TBIA, western blot and ISEM. The result showed that guinea pig immunization using 150 µg of purified virus was able to produce 10.75 ml of antiserum. The antiserum produced had high sensitivity for detection of CVB when examined by I-ELISA and TBIA. Besides its low cost, TBIA allows the samples to be blotted on the nitrocellulose membranes in the field and storage of the membranes for later processing in the laboratory. This feature makes it the metode of choice for large-scale CVB surveying.
UJI PENGGABUNGAN PGPF DAN Pseudomonas putida STRAIN PF-20 DALAM PENGENDALIAN HAYATI PENYAKIT BUSUK LUNAK LIDAH BUAYA DI TANAH GAMBUT
Authors: Supriyanto Supriyanto , Priyatmojo Achmadi , Arwiyanto Triwidodo 
Published: January 2021

Aloe (Aloe vera L. Webb) planted in West Borneo peat land is well known to have the best product quality in Indonesia. Bacterial soft rot is one of the constraints on aloe cultivation on peat land. Many methods have not given significant result for controlling this disease. The research objectives were to study the application of PGPF and its combination with Pseudomonas putida Pf-20 for controlling aloe bacterial soft rot on peat land. In vitro test showed that two isolates of PGPF tested had different respons when combining with P. putida Pf-20. The bacterial P. putida Pf-20 inhibit the growth of PGPF SNTH003 (Aspergillus sp.) as 20.14% on King’s B and 7.48% on PDA, whereas SNTH001 (Penicillium sp.) as 62.4% on King’s B dan 34.39% on PDA. Glass house trial showed that root dipping in P. putida Pf-20 suspension could not promote the growth of aloe, but could reduce the disease intensity. The single application of SNTH001 and SNTH003 isolates were able to increase the growth of aloe compare with its combination each of PGPF isolates with P. putida Pf-20. Single application of SNTH003, SNTH001 and P. putida Pf-20 was able to reduce the disease intensity of bacterial soft rot, but the capability decreased when each of PGPF combined with P. putida Pf-20. However combination between SNTH003 and P. putida Pf-20 increased that disease intensity. The lowest disease intensty (25%) obtained by using SNTH001 isolate.
KELIMPAHAN DAN KEANEKARAGAMAN SPESIES SERANGGA PREDATOR DAN PARASITOID Aphis gossypii DI SUMATERA SELATAN
Authors: Riyanto Riyanto , Herlinda Siti , Irsan Chandra , Umayah Abu 
Published: January 2021

This study was aimed to analysis abundance and species diversity of predatory insects and parasitoid of Aphis gossypii from lowland and highland areas of South Sumatra. Survey of was conducted in 11 vegetable centers of South Sumatra. The results showed that 20 species of predatory insects and 3 species of parasitoids were found from the survey. The predatory insects consisted of 15 species of coccinellid beetles, two species of syrphids, and one species of chamaemyiid, mantid and staphylinid. Parasitoid found were 2 species of Aphidiidae (Diaretiella rapae and Aphidius sp.) and a species of Aphelinidae (Aphelinus sp.). The highest abundance of the predator was found in Soak (42.61 larvae and adults) and the highest abundance of the parasitoid was found in Talang Buruk (25.99 adults). The highest species diversity of the predator and the parasitoid were found in Soak (15 species and H’= 0.94) and in Talang Buruk (2 species and H’ = 0.27), respectively. Abundance and species diversity of the predators and parasitoids were higher in the dry season than those in rainy season. Thus, the abundance and species diversity of the predators and parasiotids were higher in the lowland than highland areas in South Sumatra, while the seasons affected the abundance and species diversity of the predators and parasitoids.
PEMBIAKAN NEMATODA PATOGEN SERANGGA (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditis DAN Steinernema) PADA MEDIA SEMI PADAT
Authors: Chaerani Chaerani 
Published: January 2021

Field application of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) is still hampered by inefficient mass production. The aim of this study was to compare three published in vitro media (medium Wouts, Bedding and Han) for mass propagation of three indigenous EPNs (Heterorhabditis indicus PLR2, H. indicus isolate 5, and Steinernema T96) and one commercial strain (S. carpocapsae #25). The media were impregnated in shredded polyurethane sponge, pre-inoculated with symbiotic bacteria of each nematode and inoculated with the respective infective juveniles (Ijs) of the nematode. Nematode yields at three weeks after nematode inoculation were inconsistent accross replications and experiments and generally not significantly influenced by the kind of media tested. Average yields showed that the highest IJ productions were obtained on medium Han for H. indicus PLR2 (0,4×105 Ijs/g medium) and for S. carpocapsae #25 (2.2×105 IJs/g medium), and on medium Wouts for H. indicus isolate 5 (6.5×105 Ijs/g medium) and Steinernema T96 (1.5×105 IJs/g medium). The Ijs’ body were significantly shorter than those of in vivo propagated, which may impair the nematode pathogenicity. Modifications of the propagation technique and media formulation are needed to improve the quantity and quality of Ijs.
RESISTANCE OF SOME GROUNDNUT CULTIVARS TO SOYBEAN POD BORER, ETIELLA ZINCKENELLA TREIT. (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE)
Authors: Apriyanto Dwinardi , Gunawan Edi , Sunardi Tri 
Published: January 2021

Resistance of some groundnut cultivars to soybean pod borer, Etiella zinckenella Treit. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Five groundnut cultivars: Badak, Panther, Sima, Gajah, and Simpai, were grown in field in June-August, 2006 to determine their resistance/susceptibility to Etiella zinckenella Treit. Two local cultivars (big and small seeds) were included as comparison (controls). All cultivars were grown in experimental plots arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD), replicated three times. The incidence of soybean pod borer and damaged pods were observed at 9, 11, 13 weeks after sowing (WAS) at 10 sample plants taken randomly from each plot. All cultivars were harvested at 13 WAS. Number of damaged pods was counted and percentages per plant were calculated. Larvae observed inside pod or in the soil were counted and collected. The seed yield per plant and weight of 100 seeds from 100 sample plants taken randomly at harvest were weighted to nearest gram at 10% water content. Pod toughness (hardness) was measured with penetrometer. Resistance level of each cultivar was determined based on cultivar’s means and overall mean and standard deviation of the percentages of damaged pods. Data were analyzed with analysis of variance (ANOVA) and means were separated with DMRT. The result revealed that mean percentages of damaged pod differed significantly between cultivars. Seed yield of cultivar Panther, Sima and Badak were significantly higher than those of the other two and local cultivars. Cultivar Panther was categorized as resistant, cultivar Sima and Badak as moderately resistant, while the others as susceptible. The relative resistance of groundnut cultivar seems, at least in part, to correlate with the structural hardness of pod.
STUDI LALAT PENGOROK DAUN LIRIOMYZA SPP. PADA PERTANAMAN BAWANG DAUN, DAN PARASITOID OPIUS CHROMATOMYIAE BELOKOBYLSKIJ & WHARTON (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE)
Authors: Rustam Rusli , Rauf Aunu , Maryana Nina , Pudjianto Pudjianto , Dadang Dadang 
Published: January 2021

Studies on Leafminer Liriomyza spp. in Green Onion Fields, and Parasitoid Opius chromatomyiae Belokobylskij & Wharton (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Field studies were conducted to determine population abundance of leafminers and their parasitoids in green onion fields in Puncak, West Java. In addition to that, laboratory studies were carried out to determine demographic parameter of Opius chromatomyiae as well as response of parasitoid to increasing host density. Results revealed that green onions were infested by two species of leafminers, Liriomyza huidobrensis and Liriomyza chinensis. Leafminer flies emerged from Erwor leaves (54.5) were significantly higher than those of RP leaves (18.65) (P = 0.0005). However, number of leafminer flies caught on sticky traps was not statistically different (P = 0.297). Two species of parasitoid, Hemiptarsenus varicornis and O. chromatomyiae, were associated with leafminers in green onion fields. Higher number of parasitoids emerged from Erwor leaves (13.68) as compared to RP (6.90) (P =0.0007 ). However, level of parasitization were 24.36% on Erwor and 28.45% on RP, and was not significantly different (P = 0.387). Laboratory studies indicated that net reproduction (Ro) of O. chromatomyiae was 28.55, generation time (T) 15.96 days, intrinsic growth rate 0.21, and total of reproductive value 223.64. The stable age distribution of parasitoid were 37.93% eggs, 24.92% larvae, 20.36% pupae and 16.78% adults. The parasitoid showed functional response type II to increasing host density, with a = 0.08 and Th = 2.58.