bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Macrophytes in Constructed Surface-flow Wetlands for Mine Water Treatment: A Review
Authors: Opitz Joscha , Alte Matthias , Bauer Martin , Peiffer Stefan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractConstructed wetlands are a standard sustainable technology in waste and mine water treatment. Whereas macrophytes actively contribute to decomposition and/or removal of wastewater’s organic pollutants, removal of hydrolysable metals from mine water is not attributable to direct metabolic, but rather various indirect macrophyte-related mechanisms. These mechanisms result in higher treatment efficiency of (vegetated) wetlands relative to (unvegetated) settling ponds. Contribution of macrophytes to treatment predominantly includes: enhanced biogeochemical oxidation and precipitation of hydrolysable metals due to catalytic reactions and bacterial activity, particularly on immersed macrophyte surfaces; physical filtration of suspended hydrous ferric oxides by dense wetland vegetation down to colloids that are unlikely to gravitationally settle efficiently; scavenging and heteroaggregation of dissolved and colloidal iron, respectively, by plant-derived natural organic matter; and improved hydrodynamics and hydraulic efficiency, considerably augmenting retention and exposure time. The review shows that constructed surface-flow wetlands have considerable advantages that are often underestimated. In addition to treatment enhancement, there are socio-environmental benefits such as aesthetic appearance, biotope/habitat value, and landscape diversity that need to be considered. However, there is currently no quantitative, transferrable approach to adequately describe the effect and magnitude of macrophyte-related benefits on mine water amelioration, let alone clearly assign optimal operational deployment of either settling ponds or wetlands. A better (quantitative) understanding of underlying processes and kinetics is needed to optimise assembly and sizing of settling ponds and wetlands in composite passive mine water treatment systems.
Can discourse processing performance serve as an early marker of Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment? A systematic review of text comprehension
Authors: Kokje Eesha , Celik Simge , Wahl Hans-Werner , von Stutterheim Christiane 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA number of linguistic and cognitive deficits have been reported during the course of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and its preceding stage of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), with some deficits appearing years before onset of clinical symptoms. It continues to be a critical task to identify tools that may serve as an early marker of pathology that are also reliably able to distinguish AD from normal ageing. Given the limited success of classic psychometric cognitive testing, a novel approach in assessment is warranted. A potentially sensitive assessment paradigm is discourse processing. The aim of this review was to synthesize original research studies investigating comprehension of discourse in AD and MCI, and to evaluate the potential of this paradigm as a promising avenue for further research. A literature search targeting studies with AD or MCI groups over 60 years of age was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and PsycINFO databases. Eight articles with good quality were included in the review. Six measures of discourse comprehension—naming latency, summary, lesson, main idea, proportion of inferential clauses, true/false questions—were identified. All eight studies reported significant deficits in discourse comprehension in AD and MCI groups on five of the six measures, when compared to cognitively healthy older adults. Mixed results were observed for associations with commonly used cognitive measures. Given the consistent findings for discourse comprehension measures across all studies, we strongly recommend further research on its early predictive potential, and discuss different avenues for research.
Modelling of fibre dispersion and its effects on cardiac mechanics from diastole to systole
Authors: Guan Debao , Zhuan Xin , Holmes William , Luo Xiaoyu , Gao Hao 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDetailed fibre architecture plays a crucial role in myocardial mechanics both passively and actively. Strong interest has been attracted over decades in mathematical modelling of fibrous tissue (arterial wall, myocardium, etc.) by taking into account realistic fibre structures, i.e. from perfectly aligned one family of fibres, to two families of fibres, and to dispersed fibres described by probability distribution functions. It is widely accepted that the fibres, i.e. collage, cannot bear the load when compressed, thus it is necessary to exclude compressed fibres when computing the stress in fibrous tissue. In this study, we have focused on mathematical modelling of fibre dispersion in myocardial mechanics, and studied how different fibre dispersions affect cardiac pump function. The fibre dispersion in myocardium is characterized by a non-rotationally symmetric distribution using a $$\pi $$
π
-periodic Von Mises distribution based on recent experimental studies. In order to exclude compressed fibres for passive response, we adopted the discrete fibre dispersion model for approximating a continuous fibre distribution with finite fibre bundles, and then the general structural tensor was employed for describing dispersed active tension. We first studied the numerical accuracy of the integration of fibre contributions using the discrete fibre dispersion approach, then compared different mechanical responses in a uniaxially stretched myocardial sample with varied fibre dispersions. We finally studied the cardiac pump functions from diastole to systole in two heart models, a rabbit bi-ventricle model and a human left ventricle model. Our results show that the discrete fibre model is preferred for excluding compressed fibres because of its high computational efficiency. Both the diastolic filling and the systolic contraction will be affected by dispersed fibres depending on the in-plane and out-of-plane dispersion degrees, especially in systolic contraction. The in-plane dispersion seems affecting myocardial mechanics more than the out-of-plane dispersion. Despite different effects in the rabbit and human models caused by the fibre dispersion, large differences in pump function exist when fibres are highly dispersed at in-plane and out-of-plane. Our results highlight the necessity of using dispersed fibre models when modelling myocardial mechanics, especially when fibres are largely dispersed under pathological conditions, such as fibrosis.
Unveiling the faint ultraviolet Universe
Authors: Zanella A. , Zanoni C. , Arrigoni-Battaia F. , Rubin A. , Pala A. F. , Peroux C. , Augustin R. , Circosta C. , Emsellem E. , George E. , Milaković D. , van der Burg R. , Kupfer T. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWith this paper we participate to the call for ideas issued by the European Space Agency to define the Science Program and plan for space missions from 2035 to 2050. In particular we present five science cases where major advancements can be achieved thanks to space-based spectroscopic observations at ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths. We discuss the possibility to (1) unveil the large-scale structures and cosmic web in emission at redshift $\lesssim 1.7$
≲
1.7
; (2) study the exchange of baryons between galaxies and their surroundings to understand the contribution of the circumgalactic gas to the evolution and angular-momentum build-up of galaxies; (3) constrain the efficiency of ram-pressure stripping in removing gas from galaxies and its role in quenching star formation; (4) characterize the progenitor population of core-collapse supernovae to reveal the explosion mechanisms of stars; (5) target accreting white dwarfs in globular clusters to determine their evolution and fate. These science themes can be addressed thanks to UV (wavelength range $\lambda \sim 90 - 350$
λ
∼
90
−
350
nm) observations carried out with a panoramic integral field spectrograph (field of view $\sim \!1 \times 1$
∼

1
×
1
arcmin2), and medium spectral (R = 4000) and spatial ($\sim \!1^{\prime \prime } - 3^{\prime \prime }$
∼

1

′
′

−

3

′
′

) resolution. Such a UV-optimized instrument will be unique in the coming years, when most of the new large facilities such as the Extremely Large Telescope and the James Webb Space Telescope are optimized for infrared wavelengths.
A Scoping Review of Communicating Neuropsychological Test Results to Patients and Family Members
Authors: Gruters Angélique AA , Ramakers Inez HGB , Verhey Frans RJ , Kessels Roy PC , de Vugt Marjolein E 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFeedback of neuropsychological test results to patients and family members include psychoeducation and implications for daily life. This scoping review aimed to provide an overview of the literature on neuropsychological feedback and to offer clinical recommendations. In accordance with formal scoping review methodology, PubMed, PsycInfo, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Embase databases were searched. Studies were included if they reported on neuropsychological feedback, if full papers were available, and if they included human participants. All languages were included, and no limit was placed on the year of publication. Of the 2,173 records screened, 34 publications met the inclusion criteria. Five additional publications were included after cross-referencing. An update of the search led to the inclusion of two additional papers. Of these 41 publications, 26 were research papers. Neuropsychological feedback is provided for a wide spectrum of diagnoses and usually given in-person and has been related to optimal a positive effect on patient outcomes (e.g. increase the quality of life). Most papers reported on satisfaction and found that satisfaction with an NPA increased when useful feedback was provided. However, information retention was found to be low, but communication aids, such as written information, were found to be helpful in improving retention. The current review demonstrated the benefits of neuropsychological feedback and that this should be part of standard clinical procedures when conducting a neuropsychological assessment. Further research on the benefits of neuropsychological feedback and how to improve information provision would enrich the neuropsychological literature.
Effects of a Whole-School Health Intervention on Clustered Adolescent Health Risks: Latent Transition Analysis of Data from the INCLUSIVE Trial
Authors: Melendez-Torres G. J. , Allen Elizabeth , Viner Russell , Bonell Chris 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWhole-school interventions are a promising approach to preventing bullying and aggression while promoting broader health. The main analyses from a trial of the INCLUSIVE whole-school intervention reported reductions in bullying victimisation but not aggression and improved mental well-being. Latent transition analysis can examine how interventions ‘move’ people between classes defined by multiple outcomes over time. We examined at baseline what classes best defined individuals’ bullying, aggression and mental well-being and what effects did the intervention have on movement between classes over time? INCLUSIVE was a two-arm cluster-randomised trial with 20 high schools per arm, with 24-month and 36-month follow-ups. We estimated sequential latent class solutions on baseline data. We then estimated a latent transition model including baseline, 24-month and 36-month follow-up measurements. Our sample comprised 8179 students (4082 control, 4097 intervention arms). At baseline, classes were (1) bullying victims, (2) aggression perpetrators, (3) extreme perpetrators and (4) neither victims nor perpetrators. Control students who were extreme perpetrators were equally likely to stay in this class (27.0% probability) or move to aggression perpetrators (25.0% probability) at 24 months. In the intervention group, fewer extreme perpetrators students remained (5.4%), with more moving to aggression perpetrators (65.1%). More control than intervention extreme perpetrators moved to neither victims nor perpetrators (35.2% vs 17.8%). Between 24 and 36 months, more intervention students moved from aggression perpetrators to neither victims nor perpetrators than controls (30.1% vs 22.3%). Our findings suggest that the intervention had important effects in transitioning students to lower-risk classes.
Proofs of some partition identities conjectured by Kanade and Russell
Authors: Rosengren Hjalmar 
Published: April 2021

AbstractKanade and Russell conjectured several Rogers–Ramanujan-type partition identities, some of which are related to level 2 characters of the affine Lie algebra $$A_9^{(2)}$$

A
9

(
2
)

. Many of these conjectures have been proved by Bringmann, Jennings-Shaffer and Mahlburg. We give new proofs of five conjectures first proved by those authors, as well as four others that have been open until now. Our proofs for the new cases use quadratic transformations for Askey–Wilson and Rogers polynomials. We also obtain some related results, including a partition identity conjectured by Capparelli and first proved by Andrews.
Disambiguation of author entities in ADS using supervised learning and graph theory methods
Authors: Mihaljević Helena , Santamaría Lucía 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDisambiguation of authors in digital libraries is essential for many tasks, including efficient bibliographical searches and scientometric analyses to the level of individuals. The question of how to link documents written by the same person has been given much attention by academic publishers and information retrieval researchers alike. Usual approaches rely on publications’ metadata such as affiliations, email addresses, co-authors, or scholarly topics. Lack of homogeneity in the structure of bibliographic collections and discipline-specific dissimilarities between them make the creation of general-purpose disambiguators arduous. We present an algorithm to disambiguate authorships in the Astrophysics Data System (ADS) following an established semi-supervised approach of training a classifier on authorship pairs and clustering the resulting graphs. Due to the lack of high-signal features such as email addresses and citations, we engineer additional content- and location-based features via text embeddings and named-entity recognition. We train various nonlinear tree-based classifiers and detect communities from the resulting weighted graphs through label propagation, a fast yet efficient algorithm that requires no tuning. The resulting procedure reaches reasonable complexity and offers possibilities for interpretation. We apply our method to the creation of author entities in a recent ADS snapshot. The algorithm is evaluated on 39 manually-labeled author blocks comprising 9545 authorships from 562 author profiles. Our best approach utilizes the Random Forest classifier and yields a micro- and macro-averaged BCubed$$\mathrm {F}_1$$F1score of 0.95 and 0.87, respectively. We release our code and labeled data publicly to foster the development of further disambiguation procedures for ADS.
Effects of two different management systems on hormonal, behavioral, and semen quality in male dromedary camels
Authors: Fatnassi Meriem , Padalino Barbara , Monaco Davide , Khorchani Touhami , Lacalandra Giovanni Michele , Hammadi Mohamed 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEffects of two different management systems on male dromedary camel hormones, behaviors, and semen parameters were documented. Camels (n=6) were tested under two management systems: (i) housed in single boxes with 1-h freedom (H23); (ii) exposed to females for 17 h (from 3.30 p.m. to 8.30 a.m.) and then housed (ConExF). Blood was collected every morning; camel behavior was recorded twice a day: (i) from 7:00 to 8:00 a.m. to determine the short effects; (ii) from 2:00 to 3:00 p.m. to determine the long effects. Each camel underwent a female parade and semen collection thrice a week; sexual behavior, libido, and semen parameters were assessed. Testosterone and cortisol concentrations were higher in ConExF than H23. Compared to the H23 group, ConExF group spent more time walking, standing tripods, and looking outside their pen/box but they spent less time eating, ruminating, resting, standing, and showing stereotypical behaviors. In the morning, ConExF group spent more time walking, ruminating, and showing typical sexual behaviors compared to themselves during afternoon time and the H23 group. However, in the afternoon time, ConExF camels put more time their heads outside the box through the window and showed higher frequencies of stereotypies, probably due to a higher level of frustration. While the sexual behavioral score was higher and ejaculates showed a higher fraction of milky white and white-colored semen in ConExF than H23 group, their libido was similar. Overall, 17 h of exposure led to an increase in testosterone and cortisol levels, enhancing sexual behavior and semen color, but leading to frustration.
Evaluation des webbasierten Trainings „OHA – Online Hass Abbauen“ – Teilmodul Straftaten und Gewalt
Authors: Lautenbacher Johannes , Jahnke Sara , Speer Daniel , Beelmann Andreas 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Jenaer Bildungs- und Jugendhilfeträger Drudel 11 e. V. konzipiert und erprobt seit 2015 das computerbasierte Training „OHA – Online Hass Abbauen“. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde die Wirksamkeit des Teilmoduls „Straftaten und Gewalt“ im Rahmen eines kontrollierten Prä-post-Designs evaluiert. Die Interventionsgruppe nahm an einem einwöchigen digitalen Training teil, das auf die Erhöhung von Aggressionsschwellen durch die Stärkung von Empathie und die Bearbeitung von kognitiven Neutralisierungs- bzw. Rechtfertigungsstrategien zur Legitimation aggressiven Verhaltens abzielte. Insgesamt wurden Daten von 76 männlichen Jugendlichen aus 2 Jugendarrestanstalten in 2 Bundesländern erhoben. Alle Teilnehmenden bearbeiteten innerhalb einer Woche 2 Parallelformen der Empathieskala und der Aggressionslegitimationsskala des FEPAA (Fragebogen zur Erfassung von Empathie, Prosozialität, Aggressionsbereitschaft und aggressivem Verhalten), wobei das Training in der Interventionsgruppe zwischen beiden Zeitpunkten stattfand. In der varianzanalytischen Auswertung der Testergebnisse konnten signifikante Verbesserungen beider Zielkriterien in der Interventionsgruppe berechnet werden. Es wurden ähnlich hohe Effekte erzielt, wie in vergleichbaren kognitiv-behavioralen Maßnahmen mit „Face-to-face“-Ansatz (d ≈ 0,65). Besonders hohe Effekte wurden in beiden Maßen für Jugendliche mit vorhandenen einschlägigen Gewaltdelikten erzielt. Die Ergebnisse sprechen zumindest für eine unmittelbare Wirksamkeit des Trainings auf dispositionaler Ebene. Da der Zusammenhang der erhobenen Dispositionen mit aggressivem Verhalten empirisch fundiert ist, scheint ein positiver Einfluss auf aggressives und gewalttätiges Verhalten demnach plausibel. Das Training kann aufgrund der Ergebnisse sowie der einfachen und flexiblen Handhabung mit standardisierter Implementationsqualität und des Potenzials, hohe Motivation und Selbstwirksamkeitserwartungen der Teilnehmenden zu erzeugen, als vielversprechend bewertet werden.
The Antiedematous Effect of Exogenous Lactate Therapy in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Physiological and Mechanistic Approach
Authors: Duhaut David Emmanuel , Heurteaux Catherine , Gandin Carine , Ichai Carole , Quintard Hervé 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Sodium lactate (SL) has been described as an efficient therapy in treating raised intracranial pressure (ICP). However, the precise mechanism by which SL reduces intracranial hypertension is not well defined. An antiedematous effect has been proposed but never demonstrated. In this context, the involvement of chloride channels, aquaporins, or K–Cl cotransporters has also been suggested, but these mechanisms have never been assessed when using SL.

Methods
In a rat model of traumatic brain injury (TBI), we compared the effect of SL versus mannitol 20% on ICP, cerebral tissue oxygen pressure, and brain water content. We attempted to clarify the involvement of chloride channels in the antiedematous effects associated with lactate therapy in TBI.

Results
An equimolar single bolus of SL and mannitol significantly reduced brain water content and ICP and improved cerebral tissue oxygen pressure 4 h after severe TBI. The effect of SL on brain water content was much longer than that of mannitol and persisted at 24 h post TBI. Western blot and immunofluorescence staining analyses performed 24 h after TBI revealed that SL infusion is associated with an upregulation of aquaporin 4 and K–Cl cotransporter 2.

Conclusions
SL is an effective therapy for treating brain edema after TBI. This study suggests, for the first time, the potential role of chloride channels in the antiedematous effect induced by exogenous SL.
Wohnungleichheit in Deutschland
Authors: Butterwegge Christoph 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungSeit den 1980er-Jahren hat die staatliche Wohnungs‑, Wohnungsbau- und Stadtentwicklungspolitik privaten Investoren das Feld überlassen. Anschließend haben sich die Bedingungen für Mieter_innen zunehmend verschlechtert, auch weil Kapital nach der Finanzkrise bevorzugt in „Betongold“ investiert wurde. Die prekären Zustände auf dem Wohnungsmarkt für Mieter_innen sollten Anlass sein, über eine grundlegende Wende in der Wohnungspolitik nachzudenken, etwa auch in Form eines „Grundrechts auf Wohnraum“.
Geophagic clay around Uteh-Uzalla near Benin: mineral and trace elements compositions and possible health implications
Authors: Asowata Iyobosa Timothy 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGeophagic clay consumption, which is an age-long cultural practice by humans and animals in many parts of the world, and particularly in Nigeria, may have long time health effects on the consumers. This is particularly so because of the relatively high concentration of harmful minerals and toxic elements. This study sought to determine the mineralogical and trace element compositions of geophagic clay in Uteh-Uzalla area, which is underlain by the Benin Formation of Oligocene to Miocene age, in order to evaluate the potential health risk associated with the consumption of the clay. Sixteen clay samples were collected from mine face profiles of an open pit, analysed for mineral and trace element compositions, using x-ray diffraction technique and ultra-trace inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) methods, respectively. The mean mineral concentration in % includes kaolinite, quartz and smectite (64.88, 19.98, and 9.54), respectively, among other minerals. And the mean concentrations in mg/kg for Cu (15.0), Pb (14.4), Zn (30.9), Co (8.9), Mn (39.4) and Th (10.5) among other elements were found in the clay. From the trace elements results when compared with health risk indices by Agency for Toxic Substances and Diseases Registry (ATSDR): Minimum Risk Level, recommended daily intake and estimated daily intake, it was found that the elements are far above the daily oral intake requirement. Also, considering the relatively low pH (acidic) values that were exhibited by the clays, harmful minerals and elements contained in the clay may be bioavailable in the internal system among those who are frequently involved in the consumption of the clay.