bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution of anisotropy with saturation and its implications for the elastoplastic responses of clay rocks
Authors: Ip Sabrina C.Y. , Borja Ronaldo I. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMany clay rocks have distinct bedding planes. Experimental studies have shown that their mechanical properties evolve with the degree of saturation (DOS), often with higher stiffness and strength after drying. For transversely isotropic rocks, the effects of saturation can differ between the bed‐normal (BN) and bed‐parallel (BP) directions, which gives rise to saturation‐dependent stiffness and strength anisotropy. Accurate prediction of the mechanical behavior of clay rocks under partially saturated conditions requires numerical models that can capture the evolving elastic and plastic anisotropy with DOS. In this study, we present an anisotropy framework for coupled solid deformation‐fluid flow in unsaturated elastoplastic media. We incorporate saturation‐dependent strength anisotropy into an anisotropic modified Cam‐Clay (MCC) model and consider the evolving anisotropy in both the elastic and plastic responses. The model was calibrated using experimental data from triaxial tests to demonstrate its capability in capturing strength anisotropy at various levels of saturation. Through numerical simulations, we demonstrate the role of evolving stiffness and strength anisotropy in the mechanical behavior of clay rocks. Plane strain simulations of triaxial compression tests were also conducted to demonstrate the impacts of material anisotropy and DOS on the mechanical and fluid flow responses.
Similarity of anthropogenic stressors is multifaceted and scale dependent
Authors: Orr James A. , Rillig Matthias C. , Jackson Michelle C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHuman influences have created a world where all ecosystems are exposed to multiple stressors with diverse characteristics and impacts. Organizing this ever‐expanding list of stressors presents the opportunity to derive general rules, to understand effects and to improve predictions. Assessing the similarity of anthropogenic stressors can be approached from different perspectives, which we synthesize here. Stressors can be compared by asking what they are (traits), why they are present (sources), where they occur (spatial overlap), when they occur (temporal overlap), how they affect organisms (mode of action) and who they affect (co‐tolerance). Some concepts of stressor similarity are thus related to intrinsic features of the stressors themselves (e.g. sources and traits), while other concepts pertain to the similarity of the effects of stressors and are therefore dependent on the ecological scale at which the effects of stressors are measured (e.g. mode of action and co‐tolerance). Viewing stressor similarity as a multi‐faceted and scale‐dependent concept will open new avenues for stressor classification, will enhance predictions of the combined effects of stressors and may even inform the management of novel or emerging stressors.Keypoints
The anthropogenic stressors that are impacting biodiversity and ecosystem functioning worldwide can be physical (e.g. warming), chemical (e.g. pesticides) or biological (e.g. disease) in nature.
We show that stressors can be compared by asking what they are, why they are present, where they occur, when they occur, how they affect organisms and who, or which organisms, they affect.
Understanding the similarity of stressors requires interdisciplinary collaboration and will help us to manage species and habitats threatend by a growing number of stressors.
Auf der Suche nach kosmischer Antimaterie
Authors: Schael Stefan 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungIm Mai 2011 wurde das Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer mit dem letzten Flug des Space‐Shuttles Endeavour auf die Internationale Raumstation gebracht. Seitdem erfasst es die geladene kosmische Strahlung mit bisher nie erreichter Präzision. Dabei liefert es neue Einblicke in hochenergetische Prozesse in unserer Milchstraße, die uns Rückschlüsse auf die Natur der Dunklen Materie und zur Frage der Materie‐Antimaterie‐Asymmetrie im Universum erlauben. Das Nachfolgeexperiment, AMS‐100, könnte diese Messungen in der nächsten Dekade mit einer nochmals tausendfach höheren Sensitivität fortsetzen.
Comparison of image georeferencing strategies for agricultural applications of small unoccupied aircraft systems
Authors: Pugh N. Ace , Thorp Kelly R. , Gonzalez Emmanuel M. , Elshikha Diaa Eldin M. , Pauli Duke 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSmall unoccupied aircraft systems (sUAS) are becoming popular for mapping applications in agriculture, and photogrammetry software is available for developing orthorectified imagery and three‐dimensional surface models. Ground control points (GCPs), which are objects or locations with known geographic coordinates, may be required for accurate image georeferencing. However, few studies have compared global position equipment among sUAS or investigated the effects of GCP number or arrangement on georeferencing accuracy. The objectives of this study were to evaluate numbers and configurations of GCPs for georeferencing sUAS‐acquired images and determine the GCP requirements for sUAS with and without real‐time kinematic (RTK) global positioning equipment. The effects of varying numbers and configurations of GCPs were investigated on both a 0.40‐ha area the size of a typical plant breeding trial and a 64.7‐ha area (i.e., a U.S. quarter section) the size of a typical agricultural production field. Results demonstrated that four GCPs placed at the corners of the breeding‐scale field resulted in two‐dimensional (2D) error of ±3 cm in the absence of RTK, with minimal improvements when including more GCPs. The orthomosaics from the RTK‐equipped sUAS demonstrated improved 2D accuracy even without the use of GCPs, with a maximum mean error of 0.08 m. Four GCPs were found to be sufficient to reduce altitudinal (Z) error, with maximum mean error of only 0.05 and 1.98 m for the RTK and non‐RTK flights, respectively, for the production‐scale field. Thus, using four GCPs, RTK‐equipped sUAS, or a combination will result in improved georeferencing for photogrammetry products.
Using the Bayesian detection of potential risk using inference on blinded safety data (BDRIBS) method to support the decision to refer an event for unblinded evaluation
Authors: Waterhouse Brian , Hartford Alan , Mukhopadhyay Saurabh , Ferguson Ryan , Hendrickson Barbara A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn the Sponsor Responsibilities—Safety Reporting Requirements and Safety Assessment for IND and Bioavailability/Bioequivalence Studies: Draft Guidance for Industry (June 2021) the Food and Drug Administration recommends that sponsors develop a Safety Surveillance Plan as a key element of a systematic approach to safety surveillance and describes two possible approaches to assess the aggregate safety data. One approach regularly analyzes unblinded serious adverse events (SAEs) by treatment group. The alternative approach prespecifies estimated background rates for anticipated SAEs in the study population (e.g., myocardial infarctions in an older adult population). If the event rate in the blinded data from the study population exceeds a “trigger rate,” then an unblinded analysis by treatment group is conducted. The Bayesian detection of potential risk using inference on blinded safety data (BDRIBS) method has been previously described and offers a quantitative approach for assessing blinded events. In this article we provide a procedural workflow for blinded review of safety data that is consistent with the unblinding “trigger approach” for aggregate safety review. In addition, this publication contextualizes the use of BDRIBS within the broader safety surveillance framework, extends the method to allow for multiple studies, and offers examples of its use in various settings via an R‐Shiny application that allows for dynamic visualization and assessment.
On the anomalous development of a series of heavy rainfall events from central to north China during 19–21 July 2016
Authors: Xia Rudi , Zhang Da‐Lin , Fu Shenming , Yin Jinfang , Wang Hongyan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study examines the development of a series of heavy rainfall events over four different geographical regions from central to north China on 19–21 July 2016, with the maximum 48‐hr‐accumulated and hourly rainfall amounts of 875 and 139 mm, respectively. Results show that the heavy rainfall events occurred in an environment with an anomalous deep trough associated with unusual extratropical cyclogenesis during this warm month and a pronounced moisture anomaly compared to a 30‐year climatology. The cyclogenesis coincided with dry‐air intrusion from the lower stratosphere, and its merging with a northwest and a southwest vortex in the lower troposphere, After its formation, the cyclone moved northward on the east side of Mt. Taihang and then northeastward across Mt. Yanshan. The presence of the southwest vortex and an abnormally strong western Pacific subtropical high contributed to the maintenance and intensification of a southwesterly low‐level jet (LLJ) carrying ample moisture, leading to the heavy rainfall in central China. The further enhanced southwesterly LLJ through the cyclogenesis and its accompanying southeasterly LLJ provided much needed precipitable water for the heavy rainfall events over north China. It was the quasi‐geostrophic forcing of the extratropical cyclone, together with its cold/warm frontal systems, and especially its northward movement with the approaching airflows near‐perpendicular to the general mountain orientations that provided optimized settings for the generation of a series of heavy rainfall events along the windward foothills of the major mountains in north China.
Morphological Processing in Children with Developmental Dyslexia: A Visual Masked Priming Study
Authors: Law Jeremy M , Ghesquière Pol 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study examined the processing of derivational morphology and its association with early phonological skills of 24 Dutch‐speaking children with dyslexia and 46 controls matched for age. A masked priming experiment was conducted where the semantic overlap between morphologically related pairs was manipulated as part of a lexical decision task. Results suggest that morphological processing is intact in children with dyslexia when compared to age‐matched controls. Significant priming effects were found in each group. Children with dyslexia were found to solely benefit from the morpho‐semantic information, while the morpho‐orthographic form the properties of morphemes‐influenced controls. Due to the longitudinal nature of the data set, an examination of early phonological awareness’s role in the later development of morphological processing skills was possible. In line with the psycholinguistic grain‐size theory, fifth‐grade morphological processing in children with dyslexia was found to be negatively correlated to earlier second‐grade PA skills. A similar relation was not found among the controls. Results indicate a potential shift in the cognitive processes involved during reading to compensate for the observed phonological deficits of children with dyslexia.
Recent Update on Transition Metal‐Free C(sp2)−H Bond Halogenation in (Hetero) Arenes
Authors: Mal Sourav , Jana Manoranjan , Sarkar Satinath 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHalogen incorporated arenes and heteroarenes are often used as useful intermediates as well as target products in organic synthesis. Often, C−H bond halogenation is attempted using transition metals (Pd, Cu, Au, Rh etc.). However, keeping the environmental concerns in mind, transition metal free protocols are more relevant and essential in recent times. In this context, improvised methods are widely being developed to evade transition metals. A great deal of work has been done on this topic in recent times and still going on. The intention of this review is to cover recent works on transition metal‐free C(sp2)−H bond halogenations on arenes as well as heteroarenes.
Synthesis of Angular Triquinane and [4.3.3]Propellane Derivatives via Ring‐Rearrangement Olefin Metathesis
Authors: Kotha Sambasivarao , Agrawal Arpit , Ansari Saima 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHerein, a simple and useful approach to angular triquinane and [4.3.3]propellane moieties is described via olefin metathesis starting from exo and endo Diels‐Alder (DA) adducts containing norbornene unit. This approach involves DA reaction, and ring‐rearrangement metathesis (RRM) as key steps. Strained norbornene derivatives on allylation at bridgehead position(s) followed by ring‐opening metathesis and ring‐closing metathesis sequence delivered angular triquinane and also stereochemically different propellane derivatives.
Highly Efficient Silylative Kinetic Resolution of Racemic trans‐2‐Alkyl‐1‐indanols Catalyzed by Chiral Guanidine
Authors: Suzuki Takeshi , Iwakura Manaya , Nakata Kenya 
Published: November 2021

AbstractChiral guanidine catalyzed silylative kinetic resolution of racemic trans‐2‐alkyl‐1‐indanols using Ph3SiCl was achieved with high s‐values. A variety of substrates bearing alkyl groups at the C‐2 position and substituents on the aromatic rings of the indanol moiety were applicable in the reaction achieving good to high selectivity, irrespective of the type of substituent present. In addition to exhibiting high selectivity, the guanidine catalyst was found to be highly active and the reactions could be performed using a catalyst loading of only 0.5 mol %. It was revealed that the relative stereochemistry of the stereogenic centers of the substrates was important and that the reaction using cis‐substrates did not proceed at all, whereas the reaction can be selectively carried out using trans‐substrates.
Accelerating Triple Transport in Zinc‐Air Batteries and Water Electrolysis by Spatially Confining Co Nanoparticles in Breathable Honeycomb‐Like Macroporous N‐Doped Carbon
Authors: Wang Haiyan , Jiao Yakun , Wang Saijun , Ye Pengcheng , Ning Jiqiang , Zhong Yijun , Hu Yong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRational engineering electrode structure to achieve an efficient triple‐phase contact line is vital for applications such as in zinc‐air batteries and water electrolysis. Herein, a facile “MOF‐in situ‐leaching and confined‐growth‐MOF” strategy is developed to construct a breathable trifunctional electrocatalyst based on N‐doped graphitic carbon with Co nanoparticles spatially confined in an inherited honeycomb‐like macroporous structure (denoted as Co@HMNC). The unique orderly arranged macroporous channels and the “ships in a bottle” confinement effect jointly expedite the triple transport, endowing the catalysts with fast reaction kinetics. As a result, the obtained Co@HMNC catalyst presents superb trifunctional performance with a positive half‐wave potential (E1/2) of 0.90 V for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), and low overpotentials of 318 and 51 mV for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) at 10 mA cm−2, respectively. The Co@HMNC‐based liquid Zn‐air battery reaches a large specific capacity of 859 mA h gZn−1, a high‐power density of 198 mW cm−2, and long‐term stability for 375 h, suggesting its promise for actual applications.
Polyphenylene Sulfide‐Based Solid‐State Separator for Limited Li Metal Battery
Authors: Zhou Haitao , Yu Chongchen , Gao Hongquan , Wu Jian‐Chun , Hou Dong , Liu Menghao , Zhang Minghui , Xu Zifu , Yang Jianhong , Chen De 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe urgent need for high energy batteries is pushing the battery studies toward the Li metal and solid‐state direction, and the most central question is finding proper solid‐state electrolyte (SSE). So far, the recently studied electrolytes have obvious advantages and fatal weaknesses, resulting in indecisive plans for industrial production. In this work, a thin and dense lithiated polyphenylene sulfide‐based solid state separator (PPS‐SSS) prepared by a solvent‐free process in pilot stage is proposed. Moreover, the PPS surface is functionalized to immobilize the anions, increasing the Li+ transference number to 0.8−0.9, and widening the electrochemical potential window (EPW > 5.1 V). At 25 °C, the PPS‐SSS exhibits high intrinsic Li+ diffusion coefficient and ionic conductivity (>10−4 S cm−1), and Li+ transport rectifying effect, resulting in homogenous Li‐plating on Cu at 2 mA cm−2 density. Based on the limited Li‐plated Cu anode or anode‐free Cu, high loadings cathode and high voltage, the Li‐metal batteries (LMBs) with polyethylene (PE) protected PPS‐SSSs deliver high energy and power densities (>1000 Wh L−1 and 900 W L−1) with >200 cycling life and high safety, exceeding those of state‐of‐the‐art Li‐ion batteries. The results promote the Li metal battery toward practicality.
Bone histology of dinocephalians (Therapsida, Dinocephalia): palaeobiological and palaeoecological inferences
Authors: Bhat Mohd Shafi , Shelton Christen D. , Chinsamy Anusuya 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe investigate the bone histology of multiple skeletal elements of dinocephalian taxa from the middle PermianTapinocephalusAssemblage Zone of the Karoo Basin of South Africa. The results show that the cortex is predominantly composed of fibrolamellar bone, suggesting rapid osteogenesis for these basal non‐mammalian therapsids. However, in a few skeletal elements, growth marks interrupt the deposition of the fibrolamellar bone tissue, indicating periodic arrests in growth. Ontogenetic differences are observed among the specimens studied: the majority have fibrolamellar bone deposited up to the peripheral margin of the bone wall, indicating continuous fast growth right up to the time of death, while a few specimens have avascular lamellar bone tissue with multiple, closely spaced rest lines, indicating maturity and a slowing down of growth prior to death. Several taxon‐specific histological variations in terms of orientation of vascular canals and primary osteons, incidence of growth marks, and extent of secondary medullary reconstruction suggest slight differences in growth trajectories between the different taxa. The skeletal elements of the herbivorous taxa (Keratocephalus,MoschopsandStruthiocephalus) and the omnivorousJonkeria, previously studied, are characterized by a thick cortex, and extensively developed medullary spongiosa, suggestive of semi‐aquatic habits. In contrast, the femoral histology of the carnivorousAnteosaurussuggests that it was more terrestrial.
Neubau Negrellisteg
Authors: Bernhard Pascal , Paratte Mathieu , Deplazes Martin , Bronzini Gianfranco 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIm Frühling 2021 wurde der Negrellisteg über das Zürcher Gleisfeld eröffnet. Damit gingen intensive und anregende Planungs‐ und Bauphasen zu Ende. Dieser Bericht gibt Einblick in die technischen Aspekte der Konstruktion und des Bauvorgangs dieser 160 m langen Fußgängerbrücke. Dabei wird auf die besonderen Herausforderungen eines monolithischen Bauwerks, welches auf bestehenden Betonbauwerken fundiert wurde, eingegangen. Weiter wird die für stählerne Fußgängerbrücken besonders relevante Schwingungsthematik beleuchtet. Der Bauvorgang im innerstädtischen Umfeld über dem Gleisfeld des größten Schweizer Bahnhofs erforderte bei der Ausführung ebenfalls besonderes Augenmerk.
An improved Lubliner strength model based on Ottosen failure criterion for concrete under multiaxial stress state
Authors: Lei Bo , Qi Taiyue , Li Yan , Qin Shaojie 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe Lubliner strength criterion (SC) can achieve desirable responses in the tension‐dominated and plane compressive stress states but overestimates the concrete strength under triaxial compression. Moreover, additional breakpoints without continuous derivatives occur along the hydrostatic pressure axis. The primary causes for these problems include the Lubliner SC constant γ parameter and breakpoints along the piecewise linear meridians. Therefore, a new Lubliner–Ottosen SC is developed with the parameter γ determined based on the Ottosen SC. The meridian contains smoothly connected straight and curved lines. Moreover, the deviatoric traces of the corresponding failure surface gradually change from curved triangles to approximate circles with increasing hydrostatic pressure. Finally, the proposed Lubliner–Ottosen SC is compared with other failure criteria and experimental results for concrete. Regardless of triaxial or nontriaxial compression, the new criterion can suitably represent the failure behavior of concrete in the various multiaxial stress states.
Linguistically Responsive Instruction for Latinx Teacher Candidates: Surfacing Language Ideological Dilemmas
Authors: Lindahl Kristen , Fallas‐Escobar Christian , Henderson Kathryn I. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis qualitative study explored Linguistically Responsive Instruction (LRI) for linguistically diverse Latinx preservice Teacher Candidates (TCs) at a tertiary institution in the southwest region of the United States. To provide an example of preparing TCs to engage in LRI by helping them reflect upon ideological orientations, we operationalized LRI as a series of three reflective tasks—language portraits, ideology trees, and utterance analysis—designed to pose linguistic ideological dilemmas (LIDs) for participants. Findings from multimodal thematic analysis suggest that during the study, engaging in LRI afforded teacher candidates space to explore tensions surrounding broader ideologies in circulation (ideological infrastructures), as well as personal ideological orientations towards themselves, their future learners, and society. These tensions generated dilemmas that caused participants to engage in language and ethnicity gatekeeping in ways that revealed the impact of institutionalized ideological stances toward linguistically and ethnically diverse speakers. Implications include (1) potential ways for faculty and students interested in LRI implementation to interrogate sociopolitical dimensions of language use across disciplines, (2) better understanding of whether and what type of ideological clarity may emerge from LRI in tertiary classrooms, and (3) how LRI might contribute to the disruption of less nuanced approaches to serving linguistically diverse learners in higher education.
Potential anticancer effects of cyclo(‐Pro‐Tyr) against N‐diethyl nitrosamine induced hepatocellular carcinoma in mouse through PI3K/AKT signaling
Authors: Karanam Gayathri , Arumugam Madan Kumar 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe oceans are considered as magnificent source of bioactive metabolites, of which marine sponges associated organisms are being the most effective producers of various bioactive molecules. We previously reported that cyclo(‐Pro‐Tyr) (CPT), a dipeptide from marine sponge Callyspongia fistularis associated Bacillus pumilus AMK1 bacteria for its anti‐proliferative activity through down regulating PI3K signaling and inducing mitochondrial mediated apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Further we emphasize to study the role of CPT against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) induced by N‐diethylnitrosamine (DEN) in male swiss albino mice in vivo. In this study, HCC was induced by the administration of DEN (75 mg/kg b.wt) dissolved in saline once/week for 3 weeks, then 100 mg/kg b.wt for another successive 3 weeks and observed for 18 weeks. CPT (100 mg/kg b.wt) treatment was started after 14 weeks of DEN induction. The obtained results demonstrated that CPT altered DEN induced oxidative stress by decreasing serum SGOT and SGPT followed increment in the antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase. This was accompanied by decreased accumulation of glycoconjugates and argyophilic nucleolar organizing regions in the treatment groups. Further, CPT significantly reduced the levels of phospho‐PI3Kinase p85 and phospho‐AKT and upregulation of PTEN compared with DEN induced group. Besides this, decreased expression of Bcl‐2 and increased expression of Bax, Caspase 3, and p53 was observed in CPT treated mice. Therefore, the anticancer mechanism of CPT against DEN induced HCC may be associated with the regulation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, which ultimately stimulates apoptosis.