bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolic and film antitranspirants both reduce drought damage to wheat yield despite having contrasting effects on leaf ABA
Authors: Mphande Wiza , Farrell Aidan D. , Grove Ivan G. , Vickers Laura H. , Kettlewell Peter S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFilm antitranspirants (e.g. di‐1‐p‐menthene) and metabolic antitranspirants (e.g. exogenous ABA) can be used to protect grain crops from drought, particularly during reproductive development. Here, we compared effects of di‐1‐p‐menthene (1.0 L/ha) and exogenous ABA (100 µM) on well‐watered and droughted spring wheat in two glasshouse experiments. Progressive drought was imposed in the first experiment, controlled drought in the second, both from flag leaf emergence. Antitranspirants were applied at flag leaf emergence, except in the controlled drought experiment where additional ABA applications were made at four further stages up to anthesis‐complete. Measurements were taken for endogenous ABA, stomatal conductance and photosynthesis during reproductive development, and yield components at maturity. Both progressive and controlled drought elevated leaf ABA, less so in di‐1‐p‐menthene‐treated plants, whereas in exogenous ABA‐treated plants leaf ABA was elevated further. Overall, both antitranspirants improved yield under reproductive‐stage drought, more so for controlled drought. Grain yield was negatively associated with reproductive‐stage leaf ABA concentration except that raising leaf ABA concentration with multiple exogenous ABA applications was associated with high yield. In conclusion, both antitranspirants generally reduced effects of reproductive‐stage drought on yield despite having contrary effects on leaf ABA.
Growth asymmetry precedes differential auxin response during apical hook initiation in Arabidopsis
Authors: Peng Yang , Zhang Dan , Qiu Yuping , Xiao Zhina , Ji Yusi , Li Wenyang , Xia Yiji , Wang Yichuan , Guo Hongwei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe development of a hook‐like structure at the apical part of the soil‐emerging organs has fascinated botanists for centuries, but how it is initiated remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate with high‐throughput infrared imaging and 2‐D clinostat treatment that, when gravity‐induced root bending is absent, apical hook formation still takes place. In such scenarios, hook formation begins with a de novo growth asymmetry at the apical part of a straightly elongating hypocotyl. Remarkably, such de novo asymmetric growth, but not the following hook enlargement, precedes the establishment of a detectable auxin response asymmetry, and is largely independent of auxin biosynthesis, transport and signaling. Moreover, we found that functional cortical microtubule array is essential for the following enlargement of hook curvature. When microtubule array was disrupted by oryzalin, the polar localization of PIN proteins and the formation of an auxin maximum became impaired at the to‐be‐hook region. Taken together, we propose a more comprehensive model for apical hook initiation, in which the microtubule‐dependent polar localization of PINs may mediate the instruction of growth asymmetry that is either stochastically taking place, induced by gravitropic response, or both, to generate a significant auxin gradient that drives the full development of the apical hook.
Fissure adjacent partial lobe atelectasis in primary ciliary dyskinesia
Authors: Fabri Loraine , Shanthikumar Shivanthan , Tadd Katelyn , Morgan Lucy , Schultz André , Robinson Philip 
Published: November 2021

AimEstablishing the underlying cause in a child with chronic suppurative lung disease (CSLD) allows for targeted treatment and screening for associated complications. One cause of CSLD is primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). Testing for PCD requires specialist expertise which is not widely available. Computed tomography (CT) scans are commonly performed when assessing CSLD. Identifying PCD‐specific signs on CT would help clinicians in deciding when to refer for specialist testing. One potential PCD‐specific sign we have observed is fissure adjacent partial lobe atelectasis (FAPLA). We aimed to assess if FAPLA is commonly found in CT of PCD patients.MethodsFifty‐eight CT scans from 42 adult and child PCD patients were analysed. The presence and distribution of FAPLA were noted, and its association to sputum culture and other signs commonly seen in CSLD (bronchiectasis, bronchial wall thickening, air trapping and mucus plugging).ResultsFAPLA was found in 13 of 40 participants in their earliest CT scan. The prevalence of FAPLA was similar in children and adults. FAPLA involved the right middle lobe in all 13 cases and was systematically associated with ≥1 other structural change. There was no association between FAPLA and bacterial isolation from sputum.ConclusionFAPLA was found in 32.5% PCD scans, without difference between children and adults in terms of frequency. Future work will determine if it is a PCD‐specific sign by assessing whether it is also found in other CSLD processes and analysing more scans from children with PCD to determine how early this sign develops.
The mediating role of perceived social support in the relationship between morningness–eveningness and subjective well‐being
Authors: Gorgol Joanna , Stolarski Maciej , Bullock Ben 
Published: November 2021

SummaryStudies show that morningness preference and subjective well‐being are positively related. However, little is known about potential factors that may underpin this association. In the present study, we explored the mediational role of general social support and its facets (family, friends, and significant other) in the relationship between morningness–eveningness and subjective well‐being. The present study was conducted with a sample of 1,067 adults (51% women), with a mean (SD, range) age of 36.41 (9.95, 18–55) years. Our results corroborated earlier findings that morningness was positively associated with both subjective well‐being and social support. Controlling for age and gender, we obtained significant mediation effects, showing that the association between morningness–eveningness and subjective well‐being might stem, at least in part, from the higher levels of social support received by morning‐oriented individuals. This may lead to the conclusion that social support is an important antecedent of the greater well‐being reported by morning‐oriented individuals.
Role of psychological questionnaires in clinical practice and research within functional gastrointestinal disorders
Authors: Luo Yuying , Keefer Laurie 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFunctional gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, also known as disorders of gut‐brain interaction (DGBI), affect 40% of the global population. Up to two‐thirds of patients with FGIDs experience a major psychological disorder making a thorough psychosocial assessment a critical part of patient care as it can impact treatment approach.Many psychological questionnaires exist in the clinical realm serving different purposes including screening for anxiety and depression, somatization symptoms, health‐related anxiety, illness impact, and health‐related quality of life. Given the abundance of questionnaires used to screen for similar psychiatric comorbidities, correlation between different instruments is needed to allow for pooling of data. In this issue of Neurogastroenterology & Motility, Snijkers et al. conducted the first comparative study to assess the correlation between the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder‐7 (GAD‐7) to determine optimal cutoffs for diagnosis of depressive and anxiety disorders in a cohort of irritable bowel syndrome patients.The biopsychosocial framework as it applies to FGID has led to the inclusion of both psychosocial assessments in clinical management and research protocols. Future directions include the development of symptom‐specific questionnaires for groups of FGIDs, culturally specific psychosocial questionnaires, and inclusion of psychosocial well‐being as primary or secondary outcomes in clinical research trials. In this review, we aim to explore the role of psychological questionnaires in clinical care and research trials and share practical tips on incorporating a biopsychosocial framework in the care of patients with FGIDs.
Stress granule‐associated TaMBF1c confers thermotolerance through regulating specific mRNA translation in wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Authors: Tian Xuejun , Qin Zhen , Zhao Yue , Wen Jingjing , Lan Tianyu , Zhang Liyuan , Wang Fei , Qin Dandan , Yu Kuohai , Zhao Aiju , Hu Zhaorong , Yao Yingyin , Ni Zhongfu , Sun Qixin , De Smet Ive , Peng Huiru , Xin Mingming 
Published: November 2021

Summary

Heat stress is a major limiting factor for global wheat production and causes dramatic yield loss worldwide. The TaMBF1c gene is upregulated in response to heat stress in wheat. Understanding the molecular mechanisms associated with heat stress responses will pave the way to improve wheat thermotolerance.

Through CRISPR/Cas9‐based gene editing, polysome profiling coupled with RNA‐sequencing analysis, and protein–protein interactions, we show that TaMBF1c conferred heat response via regulating a specific gene translation in wheat.

The results showed that TaMBF1c is evolutionarily conserved in diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid wheat species, and its knockdown and knockout lines show increased heat sensitivity. TaMBF1c is colocalized with the stress granule complex and interacts with TaG3BP. TaMBF1c affects the translation efficiency of a subset of heat responsive genes, which are significantly enriched in the ‘sequence‐specific DNA binding’ term. Moreover, gene expression network analysis demonstrated that TaMBF1c is closely associated with the translation of heat shock proteins.

Our findings reveal a contribution of TaMBF1c in regulating the heat stress response via the translation process, and provide a new target for improving heat tolerance in wheat breeding programs.
Comparing the measurement properties of visual analogue and verbal rating scales
Authors: Khadka Jyoti , Schoneveld Paul G , Pesudovs Konrad 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposeUtilising Rasch analysis on the Keratoconus Outcome Research Questionnaire (KORQ) data, we explored the hypothesis that the KORQ with discrete verbal rating scale (VRS) would demonstrate better psychometric properties and provide less noise in measurement than with a visual analogue scale (VAS).MethodsThe KORQ is a keratoconus‐specific patient‐reported outcome measure; it has activity limitation and symptoms scales. The KORQ scales with two different rating scales (VAS and a discrete 4‐response VRS) were completed by self‐administration by people with keratoconus. For each KORQ scale, Rasch analysis‐based psychometric properties were compared between the two versions. Rasch analysis was also used to optimise rating scale functioning when disordered thresholds were observed.Results118 (mean age ± SD, 46.4 ± 0.4 years) and 169 (45.4 ± 14.7 years) people completed the KORQ with VAS and VRS, respectively. Both scales demonstrated high measurement precision. However, the VAS rating scale was disordered (6 out of 11 categories dysfunctional) and had two misfitting items. Conversely, the VRS had ordered categories and no misfitting items. For the disordered VAS, ordering was achieved only after collapsing 11 categories into four categories. In comparison to the KORQ with VRS, the repaired VAS had lower measurement precision, test information, variance explained by the measure, poor targeting, and reduced measurement range.ConclusionsThe KORQ demonstrated superior psychometric properties when measured using a VRS than with a VAS. This illustrates the advantages of verbal rating scales for a patient‐reported outcome measurement over a visual analogue scale.
Healthcare practices and interventions in Europe towards families of older patients with cardiovascular disease: A scoping review
Authors: Mahrer‐Imhof Romy , Østergaard Birte , Brødsgaard Anne , Konradsen Hanne , Svavarsdóttir Erla Kolbrun , Dieperink Karin B. , Imhof Lorenz , García‐Vivar Cristina , Luttik Marie‐Louise 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn Europe, cardiovascular disease is one of the predominant causes of mortality and morbidity among older people over 65 years. The occurrence of cardiovascular disease can have a negative impact on the quality of life of older patients and their families and family health overall. Assuming that illness is a family affair shaped by culture and health care systems, we explored European health care practices and interventions toward families of older patients with cardiovascular disease and heart failure.AimsThis paper aimed to determine the extent, range, and variety of practices and interventions in Europe directed to families of older patients and to identify knowledge gaps.Materials & MethodsA scoping review was conducted including studies published in Medline, CINHAL, or Cochrane library between 2009 and mid‐2020.ResultsA total of 22 articles from 17 studies were included, showing diverse practices and interventions. The interventions targeted the family as a unit (six studies), dyads (five studies), patients alone, but assessed family members’ reactions (five studies) or the family member primarily, but assessed the reaction of the patient (one study). Target outcomes were family caregiver burden; health‐related QoL; and perceived control in patients; and family functioning and changes in health behavior or knowledge in both, family members and patients. Most studies did not include an integral view of the family as the unit of care but rather had a disease‐centered approach.DiscussionThis scoping review provides insight into a variety of healthcare practices towards families of older patients with cardiovascular disease in Europe. Clarifying underlying assumptions to involve families is needed. More studies with family‐focused approaches as integral models could lead to practices that improve families’ well‐being. Exploring integral models for their acceptance in health care and family systems appears pertinent to develop European policy to support and add to family health.
Multi-Attribute Assessment of Waste-to-Energy Technologies for Medical, Industrial, and Electronic Residual Wastes
Authors: Manegdeg Reynald Ferdinand , Rollon Analiza , Ballesteros Florencio , Magdaluyo Eduardo , De Sales-Papa Louernie , Clemente Eligia , Macapinlac Emma , Ibañez Roderaid , Cervera Rinlee Butch 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
There is a global need for residual waste management to prevent environmental and health hazards from waste and reduce its volume for disposal to sanitary landfills. A waste-to-energy (WtE) facility can provide solutions by converting energy from waste to generate electricity. In this study, a method of selecting the most appropriate WtE technology for residual wastes from medical, industrial, and electronic sectors was formulated and implemented through multi-attribute decision analysis. The preference of the investigators with technical knowledge from different fields of expertise was considered in ranking the most important parameters in the study. From the comparison of seven waste conversion technologies and four power generation technologies, the pyrolysis-Brayton plant was found to be the most suitable WtE technology for residual waste. Using empirical, literature, and industry data, a pyrolysis-Brayton WtE power plant was simulated at capacities of 1, 3, and 10 tons per day (tpd) for the three waste sectors. The results of the study showed that a WtE plant can reduce the volume of residual wastes by up to 90% and generated electricity up to 1.2 MW for 10 tpd plant simulations. The flexibility and small footprint of the pyrolysis-Brayton setup is suitable for installation in clustered locations. A pilot demonstration is recommended for future studies.
Prediction Method for Condensation Heat Transfer in the Presence of Noncondensable Gas for Computational Fluid Dynamics Applications
Authors: Murase Michio , Utanohara Yoichi , Tomiyama Akio 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe objective of this study was to present a prediction method for condensation heat transfer in the presence of noncondensable gas (air or nitrogen) for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analyses, where physical quantities in the computational cells in contact with the structural wall are generally used. First, using existing temperature distributions T(y) in the turbulent boundary layer along a flat plate as functions of the distance y from the condensation surface, we evaluated the distribution of condensation heat flux qc,pre(y) from the gradient of steam concentration, we derived a modification factor η(y+) as a function of the dimensionless distance y+ to obtain a good agreement with qc,cal calculated by the qc correlation defined by using the bulk quantities; and we obtained qc,mod(y)/qc,cal = 0.90–1.10 for the region of y+ &gt; 17. Second, we modified the local Sherwood number Sh(x) for flat plates for the boundary layer thickness δ and obtained the function Sh(δ). An existing qc correlation for flat plates as a function of Sh(δ) was applied to predict the distribution of the local value qc,pre(y), and qc,pre(y)/qc,cal = 0.95–1.15 in the best case was obtained for the region of y+ &gt; 30. Finally, a correlation of the local Sherwood number Sh(y) was derived from the temperature distributions T(y) as a function of the local Reynolds number Re(y).
Validating Perceived Sustainable Design Features Using a Novel Collage Approach
Authors: El-Dehaibi Nasreddine , Liao Ting , MacDonald Erin F. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Fierce e-commerce competition challenges designers to differentiate their products on platforms such as Amazon. To achieve this differentiation, designers must first understand how customers perceive product features. This paper builds on our previous work where we extracted features perceived as sustainable for French Press coffee carafes using annotations of Amazon reviews and natural language processing (NLP). We identified a gap between customer perceptions of sustainability and engineered sustainability. We now test our findings with a relatively new design method of collage placement and investigate how designers can use perceived features to set their products apart. We created collage activities for participants to evaluate French Press products on the three aspects of sustainability: social, environmental, and economic, and on how much they like the products. During the activity participants placed products along the two axes of the collage, sustainability and likeability, and labeled products with descriptive features that we provided. We found that participants more often selected features perceived as sustainable when placing products higher on the sustainability axis, demonstrating that these features resonated with customers. We also measured a low correlation between the two-axes of the collage activity, indicating that perceived sustainability and likeability can be measured separately. In addition, we found that product perceptions across sustainability aspects may differ between demographics. Based on these results, we confirm that features perceived as sustainable that are extracted from online reviews resonate with customers when thinking of various sustainability aspects and that the collage is an effective tool for assessing sustainability perceptions.
Utilizing 3D Printing Pens for Maintenance and Repair of Additively Manufactured Components
Authors: Koren Kyle , Olajoyegbe Toluwalase , Morkos Beshoy , Gutierrez Hector 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The adoption of additive manufacturing methods is becoming prevalent in industry. Socio-economic trends seek more customization and sustainability in production. An increase in unique service components will warrant the need for more flexible repair methods. This is particularly important for components that are difficult to access or disassemble — thus requiring an on-site repair. This paper introduces the use of 3D printing pens as a means to perform repair to additively manufacturing components. A study was conducted to assess the feasibility of using a 3D printing pen in maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) applications on polymer-based service products. A series of tensile tests were conducted on printed specimens, pre- and post-repair, to examine the tensile retention of the mended region. Results indicate significant retention in tensile strength in the mended specimens, supporting the notion of the pens relevance in repair and overhaul applications. Specimens that fractured within the repair region were seen to have retained (81 ± 10) % of their original tensile strength while specimens that fractured outside the region retained (86 ± 4) %. Considering the limited control of the study, results acquired encourage further analysis of the underlying mechanisms in the process, with the intent to more efficiently exploit this approach for practical structure-based repair applications.
Non-Synchronous Vibration and Lock-in Regimes in Coupled Structures Using Reduced Models
Authors: Byrtus Miroslav , Dyk Štěpán , Hajžman Michal 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The contribution is aimed at phenomenological modelling and analysis of fundamental properties of non-synchronous vibrations in chosen coupled structures. A van der Pol reduced-order model is employed to simulate the aero-elastic interaction between flexible bodies and fluid. Non-synchronous vibration and frequency lock-in, along with hysteresis, are captured in the main resonance area. Moreover, the model reveals subharmonic resonances accompanied by the existence of unstable solutions and frequency lock-in. The study is further extended to investigate the dynamical behaviour of a coupled cyclic structure, where different modes of vibration due to the aero-elastic interaction are analysed.
Reduced Isogeometric Analysis Models for Impact Simulations
Authors: Rückwald Tobias , Held Alexander , Seifried Robert 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Detailed impact simulations in flexible multibody systems are usually based on isoparametric finite element models. For modeling the dynamics of an impact, a precise representation of the geometry is essential. However, isoparametric finite elements involve the discretization of the geometry.
This work tests the isogeometric analysis (IGA) as an alternative approach in flexible multibody systems. The IGA enables the exact representation of the geometry by using non-uniform rational basis splines (NURBS) as element shape functions. In the context of an efficient impact simulation a model reduction and a possible inclusion of the floating frame of reference formulation is beneficial. The degrees of freedom of the flexible bodies are reduced using component mode synthesis to save computation time in the multibody simulation. For the precise description of deformations and stresses in the contact area as well as elastodynamic effects, a large number of global shape functions is required.
As testing examples, the impact of two elastic spheres and a multibody multicontact problem including wave propagation in a long elastic rod are simulated and compared to reference solutions.