bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Consumer-based Activity Tracker Intervention on Physical Activity among Recent Retirees—An RCT Study
Authors: LESKINEN TUIJA , SUORSA KRISTIN , TUOMINEN MIIKA , PULAKKA ANNA , PENTTI JAANA , LÖYTTYNIEMI ELIISA , HEINONEN ILKKA , VAHTERA JUSSI , STENHOLM SARI 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT

Purpose
The randomized controlled trial REACT (NCT03320746) examined the effect of a 12-month consumer-based activity tracker intervention on accelerometer-measured physical activity among recent retirees.

Methods
Altogether 231 recently retired Finnish adults (age, 65.2 ± 1.1 yr, mean ± SD; 83% women) were randomized to intervention and control groups. Intervention participants were requested to wear a commercial wrist-worn activity tracker (Polar Loop 2; Polar, Kempele, Finland) for 12 months, to try to reach the daily activity goals shown on the tracker display, and to upload their activity data to a Web-based program every week. The control group received no intervention. Accelerometer-based outcome measurements of daily total, light physical activity (LPA), and moderate to vigorous (MVPA) physical activity were conducted at baseline and at 3-, 6-, and 12-month time points. Hierarchical linear mixed models were used to examine the differences between the groups over time. All analyses were performed by intention-to-treat principle and adjusted for wake wear time.

Results
The use of a commercial activity tracker did not increase daily total activity, LPA, or MVPA over the 12-months period when compared with nonuser controls (group–time interaction, P = 0.39, 0.23, and 0.77, respectively). There was an increase in LPA over the first 6 months in both the intervention (26 min·d−1, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 13 to 39) and the control (14 min·d−1, 95% CI = 1 to 27) groups, but the difference between the groups was not significant (12 min·d−1, 95% CI = −6 to 30). In both groups, LPA decreased from 6 to 12 months.

Conclusion
The 12-month use of a commercial activity tracker does not appear to elicit significant changes in the daily total activity among a general population sample of recent retirees, thus highlighting the need to explore other alternatives to increase physical activity in this target group.
Sex Dimorphism in Muscle Damage–induced Inflammation
Authors: LUK HUI-YING , LEVITT DANIELLE E. , APPELL CASEY , VINGREN JAKOB L. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of resistance exercise (RE)–induced hormonal changes on intramuscular cytokine gene expression after muscle damage in untrained men and women.

Methods
Men (n = 8, 22 ± 3 yr) and women (n = 8, 19 ± 1 yr) completed two sessions of 80 unilateral maximal eccentric knee extensions followed by either an upper body RE bout (EX) or a time-matched period (CON). Muscle samples (vastus laterals) were analyzed for mRNA expression of interleukin (IL) 6, IL-10, IL-15, TNFA, TGFB, CCL2, and CD68 at PRE, 12 h, and 24 h after the session.

Results
A significant time–sex–condition interaction was found for TGFB with an increase for EX in men at 12 h from PRE. For EX, TGFB was also greater in men than in women at 12 and 24 h. Significant time–sex and condition–sex interactions were found for IL-10 with an increase for men that was greater than for women at 12 and 24 h. IL-10 was lower in EX than CON for men. A significant time–sex interaction was found for TNFA with an increase for men that was greater than for women at 24 h. A significant time–condition interaction was found for CD68 with an increase at 12 h and decrease at 24 h for EX and CON. CD68 was lower in EX than CON at 12 h. A significant time effect was found for IL6 and CCL2 with an increase at 12 and 24 h.

Conclusions
Results suggest that women seem to have a muted intramuscular cytokine (i.e., IL-10, TNF-α, and TGF-β) response to muscle damage compared with men.
Running Footstrike Patterns and Footwear in Habitually Shod Preschool Children
Authors: Plesek Jan , Freedman Silvernail Julia , Hamill Joseph , Jandacka Daniel 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Running skill develops during the preschool age. There is little research evidence as to how footstrike patterns are affected by footwear during this important developmental period.

Purpose
The aim of this study was to compare footstrike patterns among different age groups of preschool children running in different footwear conditions.

Methods
Three-dimensional kinetics and kinematics were collected while 48 typically developing children age 3 to 6 yr ran overground at self-selected speed in a barefoot condition and in minimalist and standard running shoes. Children were divided into four age groups (n = 12 per group). The key dependent variables for this study included strike index and sagittal plane ankle angle at footstrike. A two-way mixed ANOVA (3 × 4) was performed to determine possible footwear and age differences in footstrike patterns.

Results
An interaction between footwear condition and age group was found in the ankle angle at footstrike (P = 0.030, η2 = 0.145). There was a main effect within the footwear condition across all age groups for strike index (P = 0.001, η2 = 0.337). The ankle was more plantar flexed in the barefoot and minimalist conditions compared with standard running shoes only in 6-yr-old children (P < 0.05, d > 0.8). In addition, 6-yr-old children had a more plantar flexed ankle than did 3-yr-old children when they ran barefoot (P = 0.008, d = 1.24).

Conclusions
Footstrike pattern is affected by footwear in preschool children. As children get older, their footstrike pattern becomes more non-rearfoot with a more plantar flexed ankle in barefoot and minimalist shoes. On the contrary, the rearfoot–midfoot strike pattern did not change over preschool age when they wore standard running shoes.
The reasons and countermeasures of Bladder Rupture caused by Transurethral Clot Evacuation
Authors: Liu Kai-long , Wang Xin , Qu Chang-bao , Qi Jin-Chun 
Published: February 2021

Objective: Bladder rupture caused by transurethral clot evacuation is rare in clinic, but an emergency operation is indeed needed in the patient with bladder rupture. We analyzed the reasons of bladder rupture caused by transurethral clot evacuation and provided the countermeasures to guide clinical surgeon to prevent the iatrogenic damage of bladder.
Method: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 287 patients in our hospital, who had bladder tamponade resulting from clots of blood for various reasons and underwent transurethral clot evacuation from January 2007 to January 2019. Six male cases, aged from 28 to 76 years (mean 56.67±17.76) had bladder rupture. Four patients whose bladder ruptured intraperitoneally were changed to open surgery to repair bladder and clear the remanent blood clots. Two patients with extraperitoneal bladder rupture and a small bladder crevasse underwent a conservative therapy.
Results: We observed that the incidence rate of bladder rupture was not associated with bladder tamponade and the age, but may be associated with gender, bladder paracentesis preoperative and urinary retention preoperative. All six cases were male.. They had different period of urinary retention before operation. No supra-pubis bladder paracentesis was made before operation. The bladder crevasses located in the triangle zone and posterior wall of bladder entirely, and the length of the bladder crevasses ranged from 3 to 7cm (mean 4.83cm). The bladder crevasses were all lengthways, and four cases were of’ bladders ruptured intraperitoneally while another two presented an extraperitoneal bladder rupture.
Conclusions: The reasons of bladder rupture caused by transurethral clot evacuation may be related to gender, bladder paracentesis preoperative and urinary retention preoperative. We should decide to use expectant treatment or open surgery immediately according to the extent of the rupture when bladder rupture occurs.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.3.3911
How to cite this:Liu KL, Wang X, Qu CB, Qi JC. The reasons and countermeasures of Bladder Rupture caused by Transurethral Clot Evacuation. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(3):903-907. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.3.3911
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Qualitative study of roles of religious leaders in promoting adolescent sexual reproductive health and rights in Iganga municipality Uganda
Authors: Baturaine Barbara Nayebare , Kizito Omona 
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Young people in adolescent stage are very vulnerable. Sexual and reproductive health choices they make as they transition from childhood to adulthood determine a lot about their well-being.Objective: To assess the role of religious leaders in promoting adolescent sexual and reproductive health rights in Iganga Municipality.Methodology: Qualitative phenomenological design was used. Sample of 30 participants (25religious leaders and 5adolescents) were interviewed. Data was collected using in-depth interviews, transcribed, coded and analyzed using thematic content analysis.Results: Information shared by religious leaders to adolescents helped them to live responsible lives. Results also indicated that; religious leaders perceived promotion of ASRHR to imply elevation of sexual immorality. Religious leaders had both protective and preventive influences on promotion of ASRHR.Conclusion: Religious leaders greatly contribute to promotion of ASRHR by enhancing information sharing. Dialogues, therefore, enhances their awareness about ASRHR and gives them confidence to address the matter with adolescents.Â Â Â
Identification of a novel RAG1 hypomorphic mutation in a child presenting with disseminated vaccine-strain varicella
Authors: Xu Mei , Reid Brenda , Merico Daniele , Roifman Chaim M. 
Published: February 2021

Background: Recombination-activating gene 1 (RAG1) and recombination-activating gene 2 (RAG2) encode unique lymphocyte endonuclease proteins that are crucial in T and B cell development through V(D)J recombination. RAG1 gene defects lead to variable phenotypes, ranging from immunocompetent to severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). Curative therapy for severe manifestations can be achieved through hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Advances in genomic sequencing have led to the discovery of new variants and it is recognized that the level of recombinase activity correlates with disease severity. Aim: To report the clinical presentation, immunological work-up, decision process to undergo HSCT, and confirmatory genetic diagnosis in a patient who was well until her initial presentation with disseminated vaccine-strain varicella. Methods: Clinical data was gathered through retrospective chart review. Immunological investigations, targeted gene sequencing, and thymic biopsy results were reviewed. Further genetic analysis, including whole exome and whole genome sequencing was performed. Results: Whole exome sequencing identified a single missense mutation in RAG1, R474C (c.1420C>T), which would not account for the clinical presentation. Healthy individuals with only 1 mutation have been reported. Subsequently, whole genome sequencing revealed a novel second heterozygous missense variant, H945D (c.2833G>T) in the RAG1 gene. Conclusion: Hypomorphic RAG1 mutations with residual activity have a diverse phenotypic expression. Identifying and understanding the implications of these mutations is crucial for disease prognostication and tailoring management. Statement of novelty: We present a novel RAG1 missense variant, with likely complete or partial loss of function, in a patient with significant impairment in cellular immunity.
Metabolic profiling of fatty acids in Tripterygium wilfordii multiglucoside- and triptolide-induced liver-injured rats
Authors: Liu Xiaojie , Hu Cong , Li Hongwei , Wu Linjing , Xiong Yinhua , Tang Xilan , Deng Siyu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Tripterygium wilfordii multiglucoside (TWM) is a fat-soluble extract from a Chinese herb T. wilfordii, that’s used in treating rheumatoid arthritis, nephrotic syndrome and other skin diseases. Triptolide (TP) is a major active component in TWM. However, clinical applications of TWM are limited by its various toxicities especially hepatotoxicity. In recent studies, it has been reported that drug-induced liver injury (DILI) could induce the disorder of lipid metabolism in animals. Hence, this study focuses on the metabolic profile of fatty acids in TWM- and TP-induced liver-injured rats. In serum and liver tissue, 16 free and 16 esterified fatty acids were measured by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Metabolic profile of serum fatty acids in rats with liver injury was identified by multivariate statistical analysis. The fatty acid levels in the serum of TWM- and TP-treated rats significantly decreased, whereas those in the liver tissue of TWM- and TP-treated rats obviously increased when compared with the vehicle-treated rats. Four free fatty acids were identified as candidate biomarkers of TWM- and TP-induced liver injury. Therefore, the targeted metabolomic method may be used as a complementary approach for DILI diagnosis in clinic.
Modeling the removal of methylene blue dye using a graphene oxide/TiO2/SiO2 nanocomposite under sunlight irradiation by intelligent system
Authors: Ahmad Hanan Haj , Alahmad Waed 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this study, a model to improve the degradability of methylene blue (MB) dye using graphene oxide/TiO2/SiO2 nanocomposite under sunlight irradiation is investigated. The effect of operative parameters comprising catalyst concentration, initial dye concentration, and pH on the photocatalytic batch during removal of MB is studied. Fractional factorial design (FFD) and response surface methodology (RSM) are used to design the experiment layout. Graphene oxide (GO)/TiO2/SiO2 nanoparticles are synthesized through sonication and sol–gel methodologies. In the experiments, three levels of catalyst varied in the percentage of TiO2 pointed as (I) TiO2:GO (100%), (II) TiO2:GO:SiO2 (50%), and (III) TiO2:GO:SiO2 (25%) are used. The irradiation interval was 7 h at solar radiation energy 6.35–5.00 kW h/m2/day. In the experiments, three levels of catalyst varied in the percentage of TiO2 pointed as (I) TiO2:GO (100%), (II) TiO2:GO:SiO2 (50%), and (III) TiO2:GO:SiO2 (25%) are used. The synthesized catalysts are characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. ANOVA under 23 FFD is conducted to evaluate the effect of independent factors depending on the value of F as pH of solution, weight of catalyst, and concentration of MB. The adsorption kinetics, experimental design with FFD, and RSM are investigated in this study. The Surface Adsorption kinetics were statistically analyzed, the model that best described the results of each experiment was determined out of the two evaluated kinetics (pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order), for the three photocatalyst composites I, II, and III with the parameters; weight of the catalyst, pH, and initial MB concentration, also percentage degradation is evaluated. RSM results are consistent with the kinetic model; first, the pH is considered as the most significant parameter affecting the removal of the organic pollutant, and second, catalyst II gives the highest percentage removal efficiency of MB. FFD results are consistent with both models where the effect of the independent factor depending on the value of F was pH of solution > weight of catalyst > initial concentration of MB. The percentage removal was in the range from 30 to 99%.
Third-Party Releases in Insolvency of Multinational Enterprise Groups
Authors: Kokorin Ilya 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Europe is experiencing the rise of restructuring proceedings, which has recently culminated in the adoption of the Restructuring Directive. While being a major achievement in harmonising substantive (pre)insolvency law in the EU, it lacks rules targeting restructuring of multinational enterprise groups. As a result, effectiveness of group reorganisations may be undermined. Nevertheless, some jurisdictions adopt innovative tools, facilitating group solutions. Among them – third-party releases. Such releases entail a total or partial discharge or amendment of claims against third parties, such as co-obligors, guarantors and collateral providers (typically, group members) in the insolvency or restructuring proceeding of the principal debtor.The diversity of approaches to third-party releases highlights their controversial nature. Such releases may frustrate legitimate expectations of creditors relying on cross-guarantees and other forms of cross-liability arrangements. Extending the effects of debt reorganisation to third parties in the absence of a separate insolvency proceeding may also run contrary to the longstanding views on corporate insolvency and entity shielding. This article argues that a single-entity-restructuring risks being short-sighted and that third-party releases are a matter of commercial necessity, synchronising legal responses with actual business models and better addressing the complexity of group interdependencies, realised through various intra-group liability arrangements.
Some Reflections on the Self-insider and the Market Abuse Regulation – The Self-insider as a Monopoly-Square Insider
Authors: Lombardo Stefano 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This article deals with the self-insider, i. e. the possible creation of the inside information by a person and its (abusive) exploitation. It describes the situation in Germany and in Italy and provides a taxonomy of the several cases of self-insider. The article then analyzes the case law of the ECJ and the MAR regulatory provisions for justifying/neglecting the existence of the self-insider (Article 9.5 and 9.6 MAR). Given the unclear regulatory answer regarding its sanctionability, the article proposes, based on the economics of MAR, a law and economics reason of why the self-insider sometime should be sanctioned, by describing it as a peculiar monopolistic behavior able to distort investors’ confidence and market integrity. Finally, the article suggests that the European legislator should explicitly deal with the problem.
Analysis of Enterprise Social Media Intelligence Acquisition Based on Data Crawler Technology
Authors: Yu Lehe , Gui Zhengxiu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
There are generally hundreds of millions of nodes in social media, and they are connected to a huge social network through attention and fan relationships. The news is spread through this huge social network. This paper studies the acquisition technology of social media topic data and enterprise data. The topic positioning technology based on Sina meta search and topic related keywords is introduced, and the crawling efficiency of topic crawlers is analyzed. Aiming at the factors of diverse and variable webpage structure on the Internet, this paper proposes a new Web information extraction algorithm by studying the general laws existing in the webpage structure, combining DOM (Document Object Model) tree and DBSCAN (Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise) algorithm. Several links in the algorithm are introduced in detail, including Web page processing, DOM tree construction, segmented text content acquisition, and web content extraction based on the DBSCAN algorithm. The simulation results show that the intelligence culture, intelligence system, technology platform and intelligence organization ecological collaboration strategy under the extraction of DOM tree and DBSCAN information can improve the level of intelligence participation of all employees. There is a significant positive correlation between the level of participation and the level of the intelligence environment of all employees. According to the research results, the DOM tree and DBSCAN information proposed in this paper can extract the enterprise’s employee intelligence and the effective implementation of relevant collaborative strategies, which can provide guidance for the effective implementation of the employee intelligence.
The significance of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis on the microstructure of improved clay: An overview
Authors: Ural Nazile 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This study aims to emphasize the importance of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in explaining the differences in the physical and mechanical behaviors of the improved clays before and after improvement. Generally, clays appear as problematic soils in the construction area. The reasons for this can be low strength, high compressibility, high level of volumetric changes, and swelling potential. The behavior of clays may not always be interpreted according to their physical and mechanical properties. In such cases, analyses are carried out according to the microstructure of the clay. Among several microstructural analyzes, SEM is very important, because the soil microstructure formed by clay particles and additives can be observed. This work discusses the studies based on the microstructural properties of the improved clay with SEM analysis. As a result of the studies carried out, it has been seen that unexplained physical or mechanical behavior can be explained by the microstructural behaviors of clay particles and additives.
Synthesis and characterization of Co–B–Fe–Ti nanosized alloyed powders
Authors: Eskalen Hasan , Aslan Mikail , Yaykaşlı Hakan , Gögebakan Musa 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this study, novel Co60Fe18Ti18B4alloy powders have been synthesized with high compositional homogeneity using a high-energy ball milling technique. The structural, morphological and mechanical properties of the nanosized alloyed powders were examined using different analytical techniques, including scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry and X-ray diffraction. According to the X-ray diffraction analysis for both Co powder and Co60Fe18Ti18B4alloy powders, with increasing milling time, the content of Co-based (hcp) solid solution decreased and Co-based (fcc) solid solution increased. The mechanical properties of the material were also investigated by Vickers micro-hardness testing. The micro-hardness value of the Co60Fe18Ti18B4alloy was found as 120.08 HV. After sintering (1 h– 1000 °C), the hardness improved remarkably (536.32 HV). Furthermore, results indicate that the synthesized Co-based alloy powder has both glassy and nanocrystalline phase forms.
The effect of SiC nanoparticles and sintering temperature on the structural and wear properties of Cu–MWCNTs–SiC hybrid nanocomposites
Authors: Nabati Maryam , Abdoos Hassan , Mohammadian Semnani Hamidreza 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
SiC nanoparticles play an important role in Cu–MWCNTs nanocomposites. So far, the effect of SiC volume fraction has not been considered on the properties of Cu–MWCNTs–SiC hybrid nanocomposites. Copper-based hybrid nanocomposites with 2 vol.% carbon nanotubes and 1–3 vol.% SiC nanoparticles were prepared via powder metallurgy. The composite powders were compacted and then sintered at 850, 900 and 950 °C for 1 h. Increasing the volume fraction of SiC nanoparticles restricts the grain growth, decreases the friction coefficient, and increases the hardness and wear resistance of prepared nanocomposites. The coefficient of friction and wear rate of Cu–MWCNTs–SiC hybrid nanocomposites decreased with increasing SiC content. Nanocomposites sintered at 900 °C exhibited higher hardness and wear resistance compared to other samples. The highest hardness and wear resistance were related to the Cu-2 vol.% MWCNTs-3 vol.%SiC hybrid nanocomposite sintered at 900 °C, which shows approximately 24 and 78% improvement over the pure copper specimen, respectively. Wear resistance and hardness were reduced for samples sintered at 950 °C.