bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Diabetes and Prediabetes on Mycobacterium tuberculosis Transmission to Close Contacts
Authors: Arriaga María B , Rocha Michael S , Nogueira Betânia M F , Nascimento Vanessa , Araújo-Pereira Mariana , Souza Alexandra B , Andrade Alice M S , Costa Alysson G , Gomes-Silva Adriano , Silva Elisangela C , Figueiredo Marina C , Turner Megan M , Durovni Betina , Lapa-e-Silva José R , Kritski Afrânio L , Cavalcante Solange , Rolla Valeria C , Cordeiro-Santos Marcelo , Sterling Timothy R , Andrade Bruno B 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
It is unknown whether dysglycemia is associated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission.

Methods
We assessed epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with culture-confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis and their close contacts, enrolled in a multicenter prospective cohort in Brazil. Contacts were investigated at baseline and 6 months after enrollment. QuantiFERON positivity at baseline and conversion (from negative to positive at month 6) were compared between subgroups of contacts according to glycemic status of persons with tuberculosis (PWTB) as diabetes mellitus (DM) or prediabetes. Multivariable mixed-effects logistic regression models were performed to test independent associations with baseline QuantiFERON positive and QuantiFERON conversion.

Results
There were 592 PWTB (153 DM, 141 prediabetes, 211 normoglycemic) and 1784 contacts, of whom 658 were QuantiFERON-positive at baseline and 106 converters. Multivariable analyses demonstrated that tuberculosis-prediabetes cases, acid-fast bacilli-positive, pulmonary cavities, and living with someone who smoked were independently associated with QuantiFERON positive in contacts at baseline. DM, persistent cough, acid-fast bacilli-positive, and pulmonary cavities in tuberculosis source cases were associated with QuantiFERON conversion.

Conclusions
Contacts of persons with pulmonary tuberculosis and dysglycemia were at increased risk of being QuantiFERON positive at baseline or month 6. Increased focus on such close contacts could improve tuberculosis control.
Price Transmission in Conflict-Affected States: Evidence from Cereal Markets of Somalia
Authors: Hastings Justin V , Phillips Sarah G , Ubilava David , Vasnev Andrey 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
How integrated are agricultural markets in conflict-affected states? We answer this question by examining the dynamics of monthly price series of rice, maize and sorghum across eleven cities (markets) of Somalia. Using conflict as a source of transaction costs between spatially connected markets, we examine its role in price transmission between the markets in a panel smooth transition regression framework. We find that in the case of rice—an imported cereal grain—conflict tends to reduce the speed of price transmission between markets. By contrast, we find no evidence of conflict-related transaction costs in the case of maize and sorghum—commodities that are locally produced, particularly in the central and southern parts of Somalia. In all instances, we find that there is some degree of spatial integration among cereal markets around the country, perhaps partly due to informal institutions that can bridge the divides created by conflict, distance and internal political fragmentation. These findings add crucial detail to the literature concerned with the role of commodity prices on poverty and food security in conflict-affected states.
Treatment Thresholds for Tetranychus pacificus (Acari: Tetranychidae) in California Almonds Based on Monitoring for the Natural Enemy Scolothrips sexmaculatus (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)
Authors: Haviland David R , Rill Stephanie M , Gordon Chelsea A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Optimization of integrated pest management for Pacific spider mite, Tetranychus pacificus McGregor, in California almonds requires that miticide applications be delayed as long as possible to promote biological control, while still occurring before exponential mite increases cause defoliation. We used data from twelve untreated almond orchards between 2006 and 2019 to determine that decisions to treat T. pacificus should be made on the first monitoring date with 1.4 mites per leaf (38.1% of leaves infested) to ensure that miticide applications are made prior to reaching the treatment threshold of 5.4 per leaf an average of 4.7 d later. Modifications to this threshold based on biological control were made using capture rates of sixspotted thrips, Scolothrips sexmaculatus Pergande, on yellow adhesive traps from 14 almond orchards between 2016 and 2019. Data showed that T. pacificus density remained unchanged when there were 0.42 S. sexmaculatus per trap per week for every one T. pacificus per leaf. For orchards where T. pacificus density has exceeded action and treatment thresholds, we developed a less accurate, but more practical, model that does not require counting mites on leaves. On average, T. pacificus density remained unchanged for seven and 14 d if there were an average of five and three S. sexmaculatus per trap per week, respectively. Growers who adopt the action and treatment thresholds presented herein have the potential to avoid unnecessary miticide use, maximize reliance on biological control, and promote the long-term sustainability of California's almond industry.
Culex (Culex) longitubus, A New Species of the Mimeticus Subgroup (Diptera: Culicidae) From Bhutan
Authors: Somboon Pradya , Phanitchakun Thanari , Saingamsook Jassada , Namgay Rinzin , Harbach Ralph E 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Culex longitubus Somboon, Namgay & Harbach is described as a new species of the Mimeticus Subgroup of the subgenus Culex. The larva is most similar to the larva of Cx. tianpingensis Chen from China, but is distinguished by the length of the siphon and the anal papillae, the form of the comb scales and pecten spines, and the development of setae 7-P, 13-T, 1-X, and 4-X. The adults have wing markings and male genitalia similar to those of species of the Mimeticus Complex. Phylogenetic analysis of COI sequences revealed that the new species is closely related to Cx. murrelli Lien of the Mimulus Complex. The immature stages of the new species were found in stagnant pools and marshes at high altitudes in several districts of Bhutan.
COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Among Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Survivors
Authors: Waters Austin R. , Kepka Deanna , Ramsay Joemy M. , Mann Karely , Vaca Lopez Perla L. , Anderson John S. , Ou Judy Y. , Kaddas Heydon K. , Palmer Alexandra , Ray Nicole , Tsukamoto Tomoko , Fair Douglas B. , Lewis Mark A. , Kirchhoff Anne C. , Warner Echo L. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The study objective was to identify sociodemographic and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) factors that are associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors. Eligible participants were 18 years or older and were diagnosed with cancer as an AYA (ages 15-39 years) and received services through an AYA cancer program. A total of 342 participants completed a cross-sectional survey. Our primary outcome—COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy—was surveyed as a 5-point Likert scale and operationalized as a binary outcome (agree vs hesitant). A large proportion of participants reported COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy (37.1%). In the multivariable regression, female survivors (odds ratio = 1.81, 95% confidence interval = 1.10 to 2.98) and survivors with a high school education or less (odds ratio = 3.15, 95% confidence interval = 1.41 to 7.04) reported higher odds of vaccine hesitancy compared with their male or college graduate or higher counterparts. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy persists among AYA survivors despite their recommended priority vaccination status and higher chances of severe COVID-19 outcomes.
Sevelamer crystals—an unusual cause of large bowel obstruction
Authors: Cockrell Hannah C , Cottrell-Cumber Sarah , Brown Kathryn , Murphy Jason G 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Sevelamer is a common phosphate binder used to manage hyperphosphatemia in end-stage renal disease. The medication has a well-documented gastrointestinal side-effect profile including nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain. There are few case reports of Sevelamer crystal deposition causing gastrointestinal mucosal injury, pseudotumor or obstruction. Here, we discuss a patient on Sevelamer who required operative management of a sigmoid obstruction. Surgical pathology showed pericolonic abscess with Sevelamer crystals.
Systematic analysis of MYB gene family in Acer rubrum and functional characterization of ArMYB89 in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis
Authors: Chen Zhu , Lu Xiaoyu , Li Qianzhong , Li Tingchun , Zhu Lu , Ma Qiuyue , Wang Jingjing , Lan Wei , Ren Jie 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog (MYB) family of transcription factors is extensively distributed across the plant kingdom. However, the functional significance of red maple (Acer rubrum) MYB transcription factors remains unclear. Our research identified 393 MYB transcription factors in the Acer rubrum genome, and these ArMYB members were unevenly distributed across 34 chromosomes. Among them, R2R3 was the primary MYB sub-class, which was further divided into 21 sub-groups with their Arabidopsis homologs. The evolution of the ArMYB family was also investigated, with the results revealing several R2R3-MYB sub-groups with expanded membership in woody species. Here, we report on the isolation and characterization of ArMYB89 in red maple. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that ArMYB89 expression was significantly up-regulated in red leaves in contrast to green leaves. Sub-cellular localization experiments indicated that ArMYB89 was localized in the nucleus. Further experiments revealed that ArMYB89 could interact with ArSGT1 in vitro and in vivo. Overexpression of ArMYB89 in tobacco enhances the anthocyanin content of transgenic plants. In conclusion, our results contribute to the elucidation of a theoretical basis for the ArMYB gene family, and provide a foundation for further characterization of the biological roles of MYB genes in the regulation of Acer rubrum leaf color.
The case of tryptamine and serotonin in plants: a mysterious precursor for an illustrious metabolite
Authors: Negri Stefano , Commisso Mauro , Avesani Linda , Guzzo Flavia 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIndolamines are tryptophan-derived specialized metabolites belonging to the huge and ubiquitous indole alkaloids group. Serotonin and melatonin are the best-characterized members of this family, given their many hormonal and physiological roles in animals. Following their discovery in plants, the study of plant indolamines has flourished and their involvement in important processes, including stress responses, growth and development, and reproduction, has been proposed, leading to their classification as a new category of phytohormones. However, the complex indolamine puzzle is far from resolved, particularly the biological roles of tryptamine, the early serotonin precursor representing the central hub of many downstream indole alkaloids. Tryptophan decarboxylase, which catalyzes the synthesis of tryptamine, strictly regulates the flux of carbon and nitrogen from the tryptophan pool into the indolamine pathway. Furthermore, tryptamine accumulates to high levels in the reproductive organs of many plant species and therefore cannot be classed as a mere intermediate but rather as an end product with potentially important functions in fruits and seeds. This review summarizes current knowledge on the role of tryptamine and its close relative serotonin, emphasizing the need for a clear understanding of the functions of, and mutual relations between, these indolamines and their biosynthesis pathways in plants.
H iintensity mapping with MeerKAT: calibration pipeline for multidish autocorrelation observations
Authors: Wang Jingying , Santos Mario G , Bull Philip , Grainge Keith , Cunnington Steven , Fonseca José , Irfan Melis O , Li Yichao , Pourtsidou Alkistis , Soares Paula S , Spinelli Marta , Bernardi Gianni , Engelbrecht Brandon 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTWhile most purpose-built 21-cm intensity mapping experiments are close-packed interferometer arrays, general-purpose dish arrays should also be capable of measuring the cosmological 21-cm signal. This can be achieved most efficiently if the array is used as a collection of scanning autocorrelation dishes rather than as an interferometer. As a first step towards demonstrating the feasibility of this observing strategy, we show that we are able to successfully calibrate dual-polarization autocorrelation data from 64 MeerKAT dishes in the L band (856–1712 MHz, 4096 channels), with 10.5 h of data retained from six nights of observing. We describe our calibration pipeline, which is based on multilevel radio frequency interference flagging, periodic noise diode injection to stabilize gain drifts, and an absolute calibration based on a multicomponent sky model. We show that it is sufficiently accurate to recover maps of diffuse celestial emission and point sources over a 10° × 30° patch of the sky overlapping with the WiggleZ 11-h field. The reconstructed maps have a good level of consistency between per-dish maps and external data sets, with the estimated thermal noise limited to 1.4 × the theoretical noise level (∼2 mK). The residual maps have rms amplitudes below 0.1 K, corresponding to $\lt 1{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the model temperature. The reconstructed Galactic H i intensity map shows excellent agreement with the Effelsberg–Bonn H i Survey, and the flux of the radio galaxy 4C + 03.18 is recovered to within 3.6 per cent, which demonstrates that the autocorrelation can be successfully calibrated to give the zero-spacing flux and potentially help in the imaging of MeerKAT interferometric data. Our results provide a positive indication towards the feasibility of using MeerKAT and the future Square Kilometre Array to measure the H i intensity mapping signal and probe cosmology on degree scales and above.
Dynamical evolution of the inner asteroid belt
Authors: Dermott Stanley F , Li Dan , Christou Apostolos A , Kehoe Thomas J J , Murray Carl D , Robinson J Malcolm 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
A determination of the dynamical evolution of the asteroid belt is difficult because the asteroid belt has evolved since the time of asteroid formation through mechanisms that include: (1) catastrophic collisions, (2) rotational disruption, (3) chaotic orbital evolution, and (4) orbital evolution driven by Yarkovsky radiation forces. The time-scales of these loss mechanisms are uncertain and there is a need for more observational constraints. In the inner main belt (IMB), the mean size of the non-family asteroids increases with increasing inclination. Here, we use that observation to show that all IMB asteroids originate from either the known families or from ghost families, that is, old families with dispersed orbital elements. We estimate that the average age of the asteroids in the ghost families is a factor of 1/3 less than the Yarkovsky orbital evolution time-scale. However, this orbital evolution time-scale is a long-term average that must allow for the collisional evolution of the asteroids and for stochastic changes in their spin directions. By applying these constraints on the orbital evolution time-scales to the evolution of the size-frequency distribution of the Vesta asteroid family, we estimate that the age of this family is greater than 1.3 Gyr and could be comparable with the age of the Solar system. By estimating the number of ghost families, we calculate that the number of asteroids that are the root sources of the meteorites and the near-Earth asteroids that originate from the IMB is about 20.
Strongly lensed cluster substructures are not in tension with ΛCDM
Authors: Bahé Yannick M 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
Strong gravitational lensing observations can test structure formation models by constraining the masses and concentrations of subhaloes in massive galaxy clusters. Recent work has concluded that cluster subhaloes are more abundant and/or concentrated than predicted by Λ cold dark matter (ΛCDM) simulations; this finding has been interpreted as arising from unidentified issues with simulations or an incorrect understanding of the nature of dark matter. We test these hypotheses by comparing observed subhalo masses and maximum circular velocities vmax to predictions from the high-resolution Hydrangea galaxy cluster simulation suite, which is based on the successful EAGLE galaxy formation model. Above ${\sim}10^{11}\, \mathrm{M}_\odot$, the simulated subhalo mass distribution and mass–vmax relation agrees well with observations, due to the presence of baryons during tidal stripping. Similar agreement is found for the lower resolution IllustrisTNG300 simulation. In combination, our results suggest that the abundance and concentration of cluster substructures are not in tension with ΛCDM, but may provide useful constraints for the refinement of baryon physics models in simulations.
Trigger and Suppression of Antiviral Defenses by Grapevine Pinot Gris Virus (GPGV): Novel Insights into Virus-Host Interaction
Authors: Tarquini Giulia , Pagliari Laura , Ermacora Paolo , Musetti Rita , Firrao Giuseppe 
Published: May 2021

Grapevine Pinot gris virus (GPGV) is an emerging trichovirus that has been putatively associated with a novel grapevine disease known as grapevine leaf mottling and deformation (GLMD). Yet the role of GPGV in GLMD disease is poorly understood, since it has been detected both in symptomatic and symptomless grapevines. We exploited a recently constructed GPGV infectious clone (pRI::GPGV-vir) to induce an antiviral response in Nicotiana benthamiana plants. In silico prediction of virus-derived small interfering RNAs and gene expression analyses revealed the involvement of DCL4, AGO5, and RDR6 genes during GPGV infection, suggesting the activation of the posttranscriptional gene-silencing (PTGS) pathway as a plant antiviral defense. PTGS suppression assays in transgenic N. benthamiana 16c plants revealed the ability of the GPGV coat protein to suppress RNA silencing. This work provides novel insights on the interaction between GPGV and its host, revealing the ability of the virus to trigger and suppress antiviral RNA silencing.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Combined Platelet and Erythrocyte Salvage: Evaluation of a New Filtration-based Autotransfusion Device
Authors: Mansour Alexandre , Decouture Benoit , Roussel Mikaël , Lefevre Charles , Skreko Lucie , Picard Véronique , Ouattara Alexandre , Bachelot-Loza Christilla , Gaussem Pascale , Nesseler Nicolas , Gouin-Thibault Isabelle 
Published: May 2021

Background
The SAME device (i-SEP, France) is an innovative filtration-based autotransfusion device able to salvage and wash both red blood cells and platelets. This study evaluated the device performances using human whole blood with the hypothesis that the device will be able to salvage platelets while achieving a erythrocyte yield of 80% and removal ratios of 90% for heparin and 80% for major plasma proteins without inducing signification activation of salvaged cells.

Methods
Thirty healthy human whole blood units (median volume, 478 ml) were diluted, heparinized, and processed by the device in two consecutive treatment cycles. Samples from the collection reservoir and the concentrated blood were analyzed. Complete blood count was performed to measure blood cell recovery rates. Flow cytometry evaluated the activation state and function of platelets and leukocytes. Heparin and plasma proteins were measured to assess washing performance.

Results
The global erythrocyte yield was 88.1% (84.1 to 91.1%; median [25th to 75th]) with posttreatment hematocrits of 48.9% (44.8 to 51.4%) and 51.4% (48.4 to 53.2%) for the first and second cycles, respectively. Ektacytometry did not show evidence of erythrocyte alteration. Platelet recovery was 36.8% (26.3 to 43.4%), with posttreatment counts of 88 × 109/l (73 to 101 × 109/l) and 115 × 109/l (95 to 135 × 109/l) for the first and second cycles, respectively. Recovered platelets showed a low basal P-selectin expression at 10.8% (8.1 to 15.2%) and a strong response to thrombin-activating peptide. Leukocyte yield was 93.0% (90.1 to 95.7%) with no activation or cell death. Global removal ratios were 98.3% (97.8 to 98.9%), 98.2% (96.9 to 98.8%), and 88.3% (86.6 to 90.7%) for heparin, albumin, and fibrinogen, respectively. The processing times were 4.4 min (4.2 to 4.6 min) and 4.4 min (4.2 to 4.7 min) for the first and second cycles, respectively.

Conclusions
This study demonstrated the performance of the SAME device. Platelets and red blood cells were salvaged without significant impact on cell integrity and function. In the meantime, leukocytes were not activated, and the washing quality of the device prevented reinfusion of high concentrations of heparin and plasma proteins.

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Female-Specific Association of Plasma N-Terminal Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide With Organ Dysfunction and Prognosis in Sepsis: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Yin Shuangyi , Zhang Yijie , Guo Yu , Bai Qing , Lu Zhibo , Chen Na , Miller Edmund J. , Li Wei 
Published: May 2021

Objectives:
The plasma level of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide is regulated by sex hormones. It has been controversial whether N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide is a prognosis marker for sepsis. The aim of this study is to examine the sex-dependent association of plasma N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide with organ dysfunction and mortality of sepsis patients.

Design:
In this retrospective study, the association between plasma N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide concentration on the day of sepsis diagnosis and the degree of organ dysfunction, occurrence of septic shock, or 30-day mortality in both male and female patients was analyzed.

Setting:
This study was conducted in the Sepsis Laboratory at the Huaihe Hospital of Henan University in China.

Patients:
Diagnoses of sepsis, and septic shock, were based on the recently revised criteria (Sepsis 3.0). All sepsis patients (517) hospitalized in the respiratory ICU of the Huaihe Hospital from June 2016 to December 2019 were enrolled in this study.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
No significant difference was found in the age, occurrence rate of septic shock, 30-day mortality, or degree of organ dysfunction between male and female patients. Median concentration of plasma N-terminal pro-brain Natriuretic peptide was higher by 93.48% in female than male patients. A significant association was found between N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide and septic shock or 30-day mortality in female, but not in male patients of community- or hospital-acquired sepsis. N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide levels correlated to functional deficiencies of the cardiac and nervous systems, only in female patients.

Conclusions:
The plasma N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide level is a female-specific prognosis indicator of septic shock and mortality.