bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Competitiveness and innovation in the pulquera industry, an economic analysis
Authors: Rojas Rojas María Magdalena , Valencia Sandoval Karina , Ybarra Moncada Ma. Carmen , Brambila Paz José de Jesús 
Published: May 2021

Maguey is closely related to the marginalized areas of Mexico and lacks innovation processes; it mainly produces in Oaxaca for Mezcal and the production of pulque in Hidalgo and Tlaxcala. The objective of this study was to financially assess the pulque industry through its differentiation, generating a mead production project for agave syrup with respect to a project that only produces pulque considering the price volatility in states of Hidalgo, Tlaxcala, and Oaxaca. The hypothesis is that uncertainty creates opportunities that add value and benefit the producer.
Method: Maguey pulquero prices and yields from 2005 to 2018 were obtained from SIAP. Production costs and investments were obtained from the Xamini S.P.R. of R. I. and were considered for the three states. The possibility of innovating pulque process from a traditional point of view through the Net Present Value (NPV) was analyzed; however, since it does not consider the price volatility, an evaluation was used using real options with binomial trees and Black-Scholes formulas with expansion scenarios to two hectares.
Results: Hidalgo had, on average, the best yields, and which positions him as the main producer of this drink; however, its trend was downward. Oaxaca was the entity with the highest critical value (1.771) because it presented greater price volatility; therefore, the risk in investment is higher. Through the traditional evaluation, the projects in the pulque industry of Hidalgo and Tlaxcala were accepted with values ​​greater than unity, not so for Oaxaca. With the evaluation of real options, once it is innovated, the project increased six times more for Hidalgo and Tlaxcala increased 37 times more. The numbers turned positive for Oaxaca, but it did not recover the investment initially; a similar situation occurs when the option is given to expanding the innovation to two hectares.
With the evaluation of real options, once it is innovated, the project increased six times more for Hidalgo and Tlaxcala increased 37 times more, for Oaxaca the
Discussion: For a differentiated product such as agave syrup, the risk increases, but also the possibilities of increasing your income and being competitive in the market, which happens when the product is associated with the current needs of the consumer. This applies to Hidalgo and Tlaxcala, however, for Oaxaca, the project to differentiate the pulque industry is not very viable, since its production is irrelevant compared to mezcal. This study confirmed the hypothesis, when the product is differentiated in its production process, benefits increase, despite the uncertainty.
Evaluating Epidemiological Risk by Using Open Contact Tracing Data: Correlational Study
Authors: Piotto Stefano , Di Biasi Luigi , Marrafino Francesco , Concilio Simona 
Published: May 2021

Background
During the 2020s, there has been extensive debate about the possibility of using contact tracing (CT) to contain the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, and concerns have been raised about data security and privacy. Little has been said about the effectiveness of CT. In this paper, we present a real data analysis of a CT experiment that was conducted in Italy for 8 months and involved more than 100,000 CT app users.

Objective
We aimed to discuss the technical and health aspects of using a centralized approach. We also aimed to show the correlation between the acquired contact data and the number of SARS-CoV-2–positive cases. Finally, we aimed to analyze CT data to define population behaviors and show the potential applications of real CT data.

Methods
We collected, analyzed, and evaluated CT data on the duration, persistence, and frequency of contacts over several months of observation. A statistical test was conducted to determine whether there was a correlation between indices of behavior that were calculated from the data and the number of new SARS-CoV-2 infections in the population (new SARS-CoV-2–positive cases).

Results
We found evidence of a correlation between a weighted measure of contacts and the number of new SARS-CoV-2–positive cases (Pearson coefficient=0.86), thereby paving the road to better and more accurate data analyses and spread predictions.

Conclusions
Our data have been used to determine the most relevant epidemiological parameters and can be used to develop an agent-based system for simulating the effects of restrictions and vaccinations. Further, we demonstrated our system's ability to identify the physical locations where the probability of infection is the highest. All the data we collected are available to the scientific community for further analysis.
Histopathology analysis of thyroid cancer tumor size in Sulaymaniyah -Kurdistan Region-Iraq
Authors: Shakor Fadhluddin Nasruddin , Abdalqader Mustafa Hama Amin , Saeed Ary Hama 
Published: May 2021

Objective: Thyroid cancer is not uncommon disease and its histology is varied. The current study investigates the correlation between thyroid cancer and tumor size.
Methods: Reports of one hundred patients with thyroid carcinoma biopsy submitted to histopathological review from July 2018 to December 2019 in Sulaymaniyah city of Iraq, were studied. Only malignant thyroid glands included in the study. Gender, age, tumor size, multifocality, extrathyroid extension, nodal metastasis, perineural and capsular invasion were studied. The tumor size relation to other parameters analysis were performed by using SPSS program.
Result: The sample were predominantly female 83%. The tumor affects one lobe in 67% with 1.4 times more in right lobe than left lobe but bilaterality were 12%. Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) accounts for 94%. Two-third 66% of the glands surface was nodular. Only10% were totally encapsulated. Multifocal tumor found in 28% of the cases. The lymphovascular invasion identified in 30%, perineural invasion 25% & Lymphocytic thyroiditis in 42%. Lymph node involvement detected in 17%. Regarding the tumor size (T), 79% of the patients were T1. The Tumor size had significant relation to: margin involvement, lymphovascular invasion and ymphnode involvement (N1) as found more in T1 & T2.
Conclusion: PTC was the commonest pathology with female predominance. Two-third affects only one lobe with more in right lobe. Smaller size tumor may have more lymphnode or margin involvement. Size of the tumor were significantly related with encapsulation and lymphovascular invasion.
Early clinical outcome for transverse patellar fracture treated by tension band with 2 k-wires or 2 cannulated screws
Authors: Hassan Ahmed , Alsudany Fareed 
Published: May 2021

Objectives: The goals of surgical treatment are to reestablish continuity of the extensor mechanism and to restore a smooth articular surface using stable internal fixation to permit early knee motion.
Methods: a comparative prospective study was done in Baghdad during the period from January 2016 till November 2019, we evaluated 50 patients with closed displaced (more than 3 mm) transverse patellar fracture, but only 44 patients complete the follow up divided into two groups (group 1) 22 patients was operatively treated by k-wires with tension band and (group 2) 22 patients was operatively treated by 2 cannulated screws with tension band. Both groups were evaluated for first 6 months after operation We evaluated the patients radiological, clinically and functionally every 2 months period by using the modified hospital for special surgery (HSS) knee score based on 4 standards clinical outcomes in which pain assessed by visual analog scale (vas), range of motion by goniometry, displacement on x ray, and quadriceps strength.
Results: in group1 male were (16 patients) 72% and female were (6 patients) 28%.in group2 male were(14patients) 64% and female were (8patients) 36% with a mean age of 32 year (20-55)year in group1 and 34year(26-57)year in group 2.The VAS scores showed that the group2 had lower pain scores and better
range of motion (ROM) compared to group1. quadriceps strenghth more than 75% in group 2 and no fracture displacement as compared with group 1excellent and good results were (63%) in group1and (81%) in group 2.Poor and fair results were (36%) in group1 and (18%) in group2.
Conclusion: fixation of patellar fracture(closed, transverse, in adult) by 2 cannulated screws and tension band is superior to tension band with 2 k-wires with less complications.
Three decades History of Tuberculosis Control in Kerbala/Iraq
Authors: Al Mousawi Ali 
Published: May 2021

Objective: To assess tuberculosis control between 1988 and 2017 and evaluate the outcomes of treatment among the October patients put on DOTS in Karbala governorate since the initiation of DOTS strategy in 2000.
Material and methods: Data on tuberculosis incidence between 1988 and 2017 were assessed. In addition, all quarterly reports were collected in addition to the annual reports to estimate the outcome indices of DOTS in the governorate. Evaluation indices included the incidence and death rates; case detection rate for smear positive and total tuberculosis patients; cure rate; treatment success rate; default rates; treatment failure rates; drug resistance rates; contact tracing during the study period between 2005 and 2014. These indices were compared to the available national indices in the whole country. The indices of treatment success and failure rates were compared to the available previous reported rates in the governorate and in Iraq. Analysis used SPSS-20 and Excel data sheet.
Discussion with experts working for decades in TB control programs revealed some defect in determining these indices.
Results: Between 1988 and 2017 there was a total of 8665 TB patients, while between 2005 and 2017 the total was 4055: 2592 pulmonary TB patients (62%) and 1541 extra-pulmonary tuberculosis patients (38%). Gender distribution showed male predilection (60.3%) and a mean age of patients was 41.88Â±19.74 year and one half of the patients were above 44 year of age, but the most frequent age group was 25-34 year.
Positive smear Case Detection rates were below the WHO planned goals ranging from 11.5% and 29.1%. The total reported deaths during the study period were 78 deaths. Defaulters were 97 patients at a rate of 2.39, while treatment failure cases amounted to 33 patients (a rate of 0.81%). Drug sensitivity test was introduced to country in 2010 and was done only in Baghdad till the introduction of Genexpert MTB/RIF test in January 2014 and a total of 72 patients were MDR cases. Case detection rate among contacts was 0.31%.
Conclusions: The success in DOTS in Karbala is similar to the results in the whole country and in most developing countries and approaching the WHO set goals, while the case detection rates were behind. However, some defect areas need further support to prevent failure and aid continuous tuberculosis control and stop TB.
Overview on common fungal infections, recovered in Baghdad teaching hospitals in five years
Authors: Ali Al-Wattar Wifaq M. 
Published: May 2021

Objective: To evaluate the burden of invasive fungal infections , recovered in a group of patients who were non responsive to antibiotic therapy and have been referred from some Iraqi hospitals in five years interval in a clinical and microbiological scope.
Methods:
Samples were collected during from the 25th of May 2012 to 5th of November 2017 enrolled 1444 Iraqi adult patients who referred by hematology-oncology unit, medical wards, bone marrow transplant unit and respiratory care unit with some other cases received from other hospitals in the capital Baghdad. samples from any infected sites were sent to the central medical mycology lab to identify the causative fungi using wet mount, direct examination, culture and sensitivity tests, biochemical and some serological examinations as galactomannan testing for invasive aspergillosis and PCR test to detect some pathological properties of a group of Aspergillus species.

Results
Although (26,6%) 387 samples revealed no fungal isolates most of them were of blood culture. The commonest fungus noticed in all samples was Cryptococcus neoformans in the first place 646 samples (38.63%), the next was Candida albicans and non albicans in 594 samples (35.52%).Aspergillus species in 252 samples (15.07%) ,Penicillium 27 samples (1.61%) ,Gieotrichum candidum15 samples (0.89),Zygomycetes and Rhizopus 20 (1.18% ),Trichosporon and Rhodotorula glutinis yeasts 14 )0.83%(, Sporothrixes schenkii 5(0.29%),2(0.11%) two cases of systemic mycosis one Histoplasma capsulatum and the other is Coccidiomycosis immitus .
Conclusions: The incidence of fungal infection is greatly increased in Iraq in relation to global and local risk factors with tendency for multiple fungal isolates in one patient. represents a major health problem in a wide variety of disease conditions ranging from hematology oncology to uncontrolled diabetic cases. with high case of fatality among hematological malignancies with neutropenia.
Mission Command in a Modern Military Context
Authors: Nilsson Niklas 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe development of capabilities for national defence among land forces in the Baltic region underscores the need for mission command as a guiding principle of leadership and command. However, the practice of mission command in the contemporary military context is far from straightforward. This article presents the results of a survey conducted with Swedish Army officers, examining their perspectives on positive as well as negative influences on their ability to utilize mission in their contemporary working environment. While mission command is envisioned to become increasingly important in the future, several obstacles are identified to its utilization and development.
Peningkatan kemampuan komunikasi matematis tertulis melalui pendekatan Saintifik pada materi trigonometri bagi Siswa Kelas X MAN 1 Flores Timur
Authors: Prentha Abbas 
Published: May 2021

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan komunikasi matematis tertulis siswa melalui pendekatan saintifik. Pelaksanaan tindakan kelas dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus. Subyek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X MIA1 MAN Flores Timur berjumlah 32 siswa terdiri dari 13 laki-laki dan 19 perempuan. Pengumpulan data saat penelitian dilakukan dengan cara observasi, catatan lapangan, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan peneliti adalah reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan komunikasi matematika melalui pendekatan saintifik dengan indikator 1) Menyatakan ide matematis melalui tulisan, gambar, grafik atau tabel sebelum 18,75% sesudah 87,5%, 2) Memahami, menafsirkan dan mengevaluasi ide-ide matematis yang disajikan secara tertulis sebelum 28,125% sesudah 84,375%, 3) Menghubungkan berbagai ide matematis yang disajikan secara tertulis menggunakan istilah-istilah atau symbol matematika secara tepat untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan matematika dengan langkah-langkah yang terstruktur sebelum 6,25% dan sesudah 75%. Dari tiap indikator terdapat peningkatan komunikasi matematika siswa dengan pendekatan saintifik bagi siswa kelas X MIA1 MAN Flores Timur.Kata kunci: komunikasi matematis, komunikasi matematis tertulis; pendekatan saintifik; perbandingan trigonometri AbstractThe study aims to improve students’ written mathematical communication skills through a scientific approach. Classroom action was carried out in two cycles. The subjects of this study were students of class X MIA1 MAN Flores Timur, totaling 32 students consisting of 13 men and 19 women. Data collection methods when research using observations, field notes, and documentation. Data analysis techniques used by researchers are data reduction, data presentation, and concluding. The result showed an increase in mathematical communication through a scientific approach with indicators 1) Express mathematical ideas through writing, pictures, graphics or tables before 18.75% after 87.5%, 2) understanding, interpreting and evaluation mathematical ideas presented in the text previously 28.125% and after 84.375%, 3) connection mathematical ideas presented in writing using mathematical terms or symbols appropriately to solve the mathematical problem with structured steps before 6.25% after 75%. From each indicator, there is an increase in students’ mathematical communication with a scientific approach for students of class X MIA1 MAN Flores Timur.Keywords: mathematical communication; written mathematical communication; scientific approach; trigonometric comparison
Simulasi Entropi Shannon, Entropi Renyi, dan informasi pada kasus Spin Wheel
Authors: Khumaidi Ali 
Published: May 2021

Entropi adalah besaran yang mengukur ketidakpastian variabel acak, dan ini adalah besaran yang merupakan kunci dalam konsep teori informasi. Entropi adalah ukuran ketidakpastian. Konsep entropi dimulai dengan terminologi yang disebut konten informasi. Shannon Entropy sering dinyatakan sebagai asal mula ukuran informasi yang digunakan dalam beberapa aplikasi. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan balanced dan unbalanced spin whell dengan nilai q = 1,000001 diperoleh entropi Shannon, Renyi dan informasi pada balanced spin wheels masing-masing 2.079442, 2.079442, 2.079439 dan pada unbalanced spin wheels masing-masing juga 1.936798, 1.936798, 1.936796 jadi nilainya dari entropi dan informasi akan cenderung shanon entropi ketika q → 1.
Analisis kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa pada materi segiempat dan segitiga
Authors: Amaliah Fitri , Sutirna Sutirna , Zulkarnaen Rafiq 
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa materi segiempat dan segitiga berdasarkan tahapan Polya. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIII J SMPN 1 Kotabaru Tahun Ajaran 2019/2020, yang dikelompokan menjadi 3 kategori yakni tinggi dengan Skor ≥ Mean + 1 SD, kategori sedang M – 1 SD ≤ Skor < M + 1 SD, dan kategori rendah dengan Skor < M – 1 SD. instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah tes dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siswa kategori kemampuan tinggi sudah mampu memecahkan masalah yang diberikan, tetapi kurang teliti dalam menuliskan kesimpulan dari solusi yang diinginkan serta kurang teliti dalam menuliskan satuan. Siswa kategori kemampuan sedang belum mampu memecahkan masalah yang diberikan karena hanya mampu memahami masalah dan merencanakan penyelesaian, siswa mengalami kesulitan dalam melakukan proses perhitungan/komputasi serta kurang teliti saat mengerjakan. Siswa kategori kemampuan rendah belum mampu memecahkan masalah yang diberikan karena siswa mengalami kesulitan dalam memahami masalah, sehingga tidak mampu melakukan tahapan selanjutnya.
Pengaruh model pembelajaran problem based learning terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika Siswa Kelas XI SMA Negeri 15 surabaya
Authors: Putri Rani Kurnia , Roichan Dinda Inggit Prasesti 
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh rendahnya siswa dalam kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika. Agar kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa tidak rendah maka dibutuhkan model pembelajaran. Model pembelajaran yang dimaksud adalah model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning. Adapun rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini yaitu “Apakah terdapat pengaruh model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa kelas XI SMA Negeri 15 Surabaya”. Tujuannya adalah untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya pengaruh model Problem Based Learning terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa kelas XI SMA Negeri 15 Surabaya. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa di kelas XI SMA Negeri 15 Surabaya tahun pelajaran 2019/2020. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu kelas XI-IPA 3 sebagai kelompok eksperimen dan kelas XI-IPA 2 sebagai kelompok kontrol. Hasil penelitian secara keseluruhan menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan analisis data nilai thitung adalah 2,15. Dengan menggunakan taraf signifikan α = 5% dan dengan derajat kebebasan (dk) = 63, ttabel = 1,9983, karena thitung > ttabel, maka H0 ditolak dan H1 diterima. Sehingga dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa ada pengaruh model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa kelas XI SMAN 15 Surabaya.
Application of HyMethShip Propulsion using On-board Pre-combustion Carbon Capture for Waterborne Transport
Authors: Wermuth Nicole , Zelenka Jan , Moeyart Paul , Aul Abhijit , Borgh Martin 
Published: May 2021

The HyMethShip project (Hydrogen-Methanol Ship propulsion using on-board pre-combustion carbon capture) is a cooperative R&D project funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program. The project aims to drastically reduce emissions while improving the efficiency of waterborne transport. The HyMethShip system will achieve a reduction in CO2 of up to 97% and practically eliminate SOx and particulate matter emissions. NOx emissions will fall by over 80 %, safely below the IMO Tier III limit. In this study the HyMethShip concept is introduced and various aspects of the concept development are discussed. Additionally, some issues that might accelerate or hinder the concept application for commercial shipping are presented. Doi: 10.28991/HIJ-2021-02-02-01 Full Text: PDF
Thermodynamic Analysis of a Combined Single Effect Vapour Absorption System and tc-CO2 Compression Refrigeration System
Authors: Verma Abhishek , Kaushik S. C. , Tyagi S. K. 
Published: May 2021

Transcritical CO2 refrigeration system is coupled with the single effect vapour absorption with LiBr-water as a working pair having an objective to enhance the performance of low temperature transcritical refrigeration system while using natural working pair and to reduce the electricity consumption to produce low temperature refrigeration. The high grade waste heat rejected in the gas cooler of tc-CO2 compression refrigeration system (TCRS) is utilized to run the single effect vapour absorption system (SEVAR) to enhance the energy efficiency of the system. The gas cooler in the transcritical CO2 system is having heat energy at high temperature and pressure, which is utilized to run the vapour absorption system, while the other refrigerant heat exchanger provides subcooling to further enhance the performance. The combined cycle can provide refrigeration temperature at different levels, to use it for different applications. Energetic and exergetic analysis have been done to analyze the combined system to compute the performance parameters and the irreversibilities occurring in different components to further increase the performance. The combined system is optimized for various heat rejection and refrigeration temperatures. The COP of the combined system has been enhanced by to 24.88% while the enhancement in exergetic efficiency (ηex) is observed as 10.14% respectively over tradition transcritical CO2 compression refrigeration system, with -10°C as an evaporation (TCRS cooling) temperature and exit temperature of gas cooler T4 being 40°C. Doi: 10.28991/HIJ-2021-02-02-02 Full Text: PDF