bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative analysis in parathyroid adenoma scintigraphy
Authors: Havel Martin , Dedek Vladimir , Kolacek Michal , Formanek Martin 
Published: August 2021

Objective
Surgery is the only curative treatment for primary hyperparathyroidism. Parathyroid scintigraphy is one method used to preoperatively localize the lesion. We examined time-related changes in radiopharmaceutical uptake in parathyroid adenomas (PTAs) and thyroid gland by quantitative single-photon-emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging to assess differences between rapid and delayed washout patterns.

Patients and methods
The study group consisted of 35 histologically verified PTAs after radio-guided surgery extirpation in 33 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Patients underwent a three-phase SPECT/CT study of the neck and upper thorax post 99mTc-methoxyisobutylisonitrile (MIBI) injection. Images were reconstructed using a proprietary ordered-subset-conjugate-gradient-maximization algorithm (Siemens xSPECT Quant). PTAs were divided into those with a rapid (group A) and those with a slow (group B) washout pattern. SUVmax values of PTAs and thyroid gland tissue at 10, 90 and 180 min post 99mTc-MIBI injection were recorded and statistically assessed. Retention indexes related to the early examination were calculated for PTA and thyroid gland (RI-PTA and RI-TG).

Results
There were 11 PTAs in group A and 24 in group B. Significant between-group differences in PTA SUVmax and PTA/thyroid gland ratios were observed only at 180 min postinjection (P = 0.0297, P = 0.0222, respectively). RI-PTAs differed significantly at 90 and 180 min postinjection (P = 0.0298, P = 0.0431). No differences in PTA volumes, thyroid gland SUVmax values or RI-TG were observed between the groups.

Conclusion
PTAs with rapid and slow washout patterns have different characteristics on quantitative analysis in later phases. No significant differences in directly measurable quantitative values (SUVmax, PTA/thyroid gland ratio) at the early stages of multi-phase examination were observed.
A systematic review of the use of titanium versus stainless steel implants for fracture fixation
Authors: Barber Collin C. , Burnham Matthew , Ojameruaye Ogaga , McKee Michael D. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background:
Controversy exists regarding the use of titanium and stainless steel implants in fracture surgery. To our knowledge, no recent, comprehensive review on this topic has been reported.

Purpose:
To perform a systematic review of the evidence in the current literature comparing differences between titanium and stainless steel implants for fracture fixation.

Methods:
A systematic review of original research articles was performed through the PubMed database using PRISMA guidelines. Inclusion criteria were English-language studies comparing titanium and stainless steel implants in orthopaedic surgery, and outcome data were extracted.

Results:
The search returned 938 studies, with 37 studies meeting our criteria. There were 12 clinical research articles performed using human subjects, 11 animal studies, and 14 biomechanical studies. Clinical studies of the distal femur showed the stainless steel cohorts had significantly decreased callus formation and an increased odds radio (OR 6.3, 2.7-15.1; P < .001) of nonunion when compared with the titanium plate cohorts. In the distal radius, 3 clinical trials showed no implant failures in either group, and no difference in incidence of plate removal, or functional outcome. Three clinical studies showed a slightly increased odds ratio of locking screw breakage with stainless steel intramedullary nails compared with titanium intramedullary nails (OR 1.52, CI 1.1-2.13).

Conclusion:
Stainless steel implants have equal or superior biomechanical properties when compared with titanium implants. However, there is clinical evidence that titanium plates have a lower rate of failure and fewer complications than similar stainless steel implants in some situations. Although our review supports the use of titanium implants in these clinical scenarios, we emphasize that further prospective, comparative clinical studies are required before the conclusions can be made.
Impact on Patient Safety Culture by the Intervention of Multidisciplinary Medical Teams
Authors: Weng Shao-Jen , Wu Chieh-Liang , Gotcher Donald F. , Liu Shih-Chia , Yang Kuei-Fen , Kim Seung-Hwan 
Published: August 2021

Objective
To provide comprehensive patient-centered care, we need multidisciplinary teams to face challenges of advanced and complex care. The Taichung Veterans General Hospital has had a ward-based multidisciplinary team system in each ward for 10 years. This study aimed to investigate whether better team performance results in a more positive response in patient safety culture (PSC).

Design/Setting
From 2014 to 2017, there were 21 ward-based multidisciplinary teams. We organized an evaluation panel to assess the performance of the teams. Those teams were divided into 3 groups: high, medium, and low according to their annual performance scores. The Taichung Veterans General Hospital used annual Safety Attitude Questionnaire–based surveys concerning patient safety issues. We used the generalized estimating equation to analyze the dataset over 4 years. All analyses were carried out using SAS Version 9.4 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC).

Results
Taking the trend effects from 2014 to 2017 into account, we found that teamwork climate, safety climate, and perception of management were significantly better in the high and medium groups of the ward-based multidisciplinary teams. There was no significant difference in the dimensions of job satisfaction, stress recognition, and working conditions, which suggests that all staff had the same degree of stress or work loading.

Conclusions
Our ward-based multidisciplinary team system had a positive effect on PSC, which demonstrates the following: when team performance is better, patient safety climate is also better. We should keep the ward-based multidisciplinary team system, improve its performance, and maximize positive attitudes about PSC among our staff.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Magnetic Resonance Imaging for International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics 2018 IB to IIB Cervical Cancer Staging: Comparison Among Magnetic Resonance Sequences and Pathologies
Authors: Matsumoto Yuka Kuriyama , Kido Aki , Moribata Yusaku , Chigusa Yoshitsugu , Himoto Yuki , Kurata Yasuhisa , Otani Satoshi , Yajima Ryo , Nishio Naoko , Kuwahara Ryo , Minamiguchi Sachiko , Mandai Masaki , Nakamoto Yuji 
Published: August 2021

Objective
This study aimed to investigate the most accurate magnetic resonance (MR) sequence for tumor detection, maximal tumor diameter, and parametrial invasion compared with histopathologic diagnoses.

Methods
Fifty-one patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics 2018 IB1 to IIB cervical cancer underwent preoperative MR imaging and surgical resection. Two radiologists independently evaluated the tumor detection, parametrial invasion, and tumor size in each of T2-weighted image, diffusion-weighted image, and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted image. Results obtained for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma were also compared.

Results
Neither the tumor detection rate nor parametrial invasion was found to be significantly different among sequences. Tumor size assessment using MR imaging with pathology showed good correlation: r = 0.63–0.72. The adenocarcinoma size tended to be more underestimated than SCC in comparison with the pathologic specimen.

Conclusions
Cervical cancer staging by MR images showed no significant difference among T2-weighted image, diffusion-weighted image, and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted image. Adenocarcinoma was prone to be measured as smaller than the pathologic specimen compared with SCC.
Enlarged Parathyroid Glands on Trauma Computed Tomography: Frequency and Assessment for Possible Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Bunch Paul M. , Dietzen Michael J. , Randle Reese W. 
Published: August 2021

Objectives
The aims of the study were to determine the frequency of enlarged parathyroid glands among patients undergoing trauma computed tomography (CT) who fall within the typical primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) age range and to assess for evidence of PHPT.

Methods
For this retrospective study of 336 emergency department patients, concurrent cervical spine CT and neck CT angiography (CTA) examinations were reviewed for visible parathyroid glands. When visible, estimated weight was calculated, and a PHPT likelihood category was assigned after medical record review.

Results
At least 1 parathyroid gland was visible in 17 patients (5%) and enlarged (estimated weight > 60 mg) in 11 (3%). Patients classified as “highly likely” or “likely” of having PHPT exhibited larger glands (median, 355 mg) than those classified as “unlikely” or “highly unlikely” (median, 47 mg; P = 0.01).

Conclusions
Parathyroid glands were enlarged in 3% of our cohort. Although PHPT likelihood seems to increase with gland size, definitive determination requires both serum calcium and serum parathyroid hormone.
Early 18F-FDG PET Flare-up Phenomenon After CAR T-Cell Therapy in Lymphoma
Authors: Boursier Caroline , Perrin Mathieu , Bordonne Manon , Campidelli Arnaud , Verger Antoine 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

18F-FDG PET/CT imaging series were acquired on a 64-year-old woman with refractory diffuse large B lymphoma to monitor chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy. Because of a clinical deterioration, 18F-FDG PET/CT performed 8 days after CAR T-cell therapy suggested an early flare-up phenomenon with new lymph node involvement, lymph node progression while a decrease in metabolic tumor volume. The 18F-FDG PET/CT 1 month after CAR T-cell therapy confirmed this hypothesis. Pseudoprogression in solid tumors treated by immunotherapy has generally been reported later after treatment.
Increased 68Ga-FAPI Uptake in the Pulmonary Cryptococcus and the Postradiotherapy Inflammation
Authors: Zhao Liang , Pang Yizhen , Sun Long , Lin Qin , Chen Haojun 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A 51-year-old man, previously treated for nasopharyngeal carcinoma, presented a newly detected pulmonary nodule. This patient underwent 18F-FDG and 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT to detect tumor recurrence under the prospective study NCT04416165. Both 18F-FDG and 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT showed intense uptake in a pulmonary nodule in the right lower lobe. In addition, 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT demonstrated increased uptake in the nasopharynx that previously treated with radiotherapy. The pulmonary nodule was found to be cryptococcus by the CT-guided biopsy, and the increased 68Ga-FAPI uptake in the nasopharynx was interpreted as false-positive finding due to a stable Epstein-Barr virus level and no progression on follow-up imaging.
Cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes patients with and without diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a mismatch negativity study
Authors: Zhao Lili , Mao Limei , Liu Qian , Chen Xiang , Tang Xiangdong , An Dongmei 
Published: August 2021

Objectives
To assess the cognitive impairment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using mismatch negativity (MMN) and to explore the relationship between cognitive impairment and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN).

Methods
Sixty-six T2DM patients and 40 healthy controls were included. For each participant, mini-mental state examination (MMSE) was applied to assess the general cognitive function and MMN was elicited. T2DM patients were divided into two subgroups: subgroup DPN−, patients without DPN; subgroup DPN+, patients with DPN. The MMSE scores, MMN amplitudes and latencies were compared between the T2DM group and the control group using univariate analysis of variance procedures, and also among the controls, subgroup DPN− and subgroup DPN+. Pearson’s correlation coefficients (r) were used to analyze potential confounding clinical factors associated with MMN.

Results
T2DM patients had significantly lower MMSE scores compared with controls (23.25 ± 2.86 vs. 27.15 ± 1.83; P < 0.01), whereas those of the two subgroups were not significantly different. Both subgroup DPN+ and DPN− had longer latencies and lower amplitudes of MMN than the controls. The latencies of MMN were significantly longer in subgroup DPN+ compared with subgroup DPN−. The latency of MMN was positively correlated with the duration of the disease.

Conclusion
Cognitive decline exists in patients with T2DM irrespective of the presence of DPN. Patients with DPN may have more severe cognitive dysfunction than those without DPN. MMN may be a promising tool for evaluating cognitive function.
A sensitive and rapid wastewater test for SARS-COV-2 and its use for the early detection of a cluster of cases in a remote community
Authors: Daigle Jade , Racher Kathleen , Hazenberg Justin , Yeoman Allan , Hannah Heather , Duong Diep , Mohammed Umar , Spreitzer Dave , Gregorchuk Branden S. J. , Head Breanne M. , Meyers Adrienne F.A. , Sandstrom Paul A. , Nichani Anil , Brooks James I. , Mulvey Michael R. , Mangat Chand S. , Becker Michael G. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThroughout the COVID-19 pandemic, wastewater surveillance has been used to monitor trends in SARS-CoV-2 prevalence in the community. A major challenge in establishing wastewater surveillance programs, especially in remote areas, is the need for a well-equipped laboratory for sample analysis. Currently, no options exist for rapid, sensitive, mobile, and easy-to-use wastewater tests for SARS-CoV-2. The performance of the GeneXpert System, which offers cartridge-based, rapid molecular clinical testing for SARS-CoV-2 in a portable platform, was evaluated using wastewater as the input. The GeneXpert demonstrated a SARS-CoV-2 limit of detection in wastewater below 32 copies/mL with a sample processing time of less than an hour. Using wastewater samples collected from multiple sites across Canada during February and March 2021, a high overall agreement (97.8%) was observed between the GeneXpert assay and laboratory-developed tests regarding the presence or absence of SARS-CoV-2. Additionally, with the use of centrifugal filters the detection threshold of the GeneXpert system was improved to <10 copies/mL in wastewater. Finally, to support on-site wastewater surveillance, GeneXpert testing was implemented in Yellowknife, a remote community in Northern Canada where its use successfully alerted public health authorities to undetected transmission of COVID-19. The identification of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater triggered clinical testing of recent travelers and identification of new COVID-19 cases/clusters. Taken together, these results suggest the GeneXpert is a viable option for surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater in locations that do not have access to established testing laboratories.
Multiplexed action-outcome representation by striatal striosome-matrix compartments detected with a novel cost-benefit foraging task
Authors: Bloem Bernard , Huda Rafiq , Amemori Ken-ichi , Abate Alexander , Krishna Gaya , Wilson Anna , Carter Cody W. , Sur Mriganka , Graybiel Ann M. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTLearning about positive and negative outcomes of actions is crucial for survival and underpinned by conserved circuits including the striatum. How associations between actions and outcomes are formed is not fully understood, particularly when the outcomes have mixed positive and negative features. We developed a novel foraging (‘bandit’) task requiring mice to maximize rewards while minimizing punishments. By 2-photon Ca++ imaging, we monitored activity of 5831 identified anterodorsal striatal striosomal and matrix neurons. Surprisingly, we found that action-outcome associations for reward and punishment were combinatorially encoded rather than being integrated as overall outcome value. Single neurons could, for one action, encode outcomes of opposing valence. Striosome compartments consistently exhibited stronger representations of reinforcement outcomes than matrix, especially for high reward or punishment prediction errors. These findings demonstrate a remarkable multiplexing of action-outcome contingencies by single identified striatal neurons and suggest that striosomal neurons are differentially important in action-outcome learning.
Extracellular cues accelerate neurogenesis of induced pluripotent stem cell derived neurons
Authors: Sharlow Elizabeth R. , Llaneza Danielle C. , Mendelson Anna J. , Mingledorff Garnett A. , Porterfield Veronica M. , Salvati Kathryn , Beenhakker Mark , Bloom George S. , Lazo John S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNeurogenesis is a complex process encompassing neuronal progenitor cell expansion/proliferation and differentiation, followed by neuron maturation. In vivo models are most commonly used to study neurogenesis; however, human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived (iPSC) neurons are increasingly used to establish cellular models of human neurological processes. Unfortunately, the differentiation and maturation of iPSC-derived neurons varies in methodology, is asynchronous, and has restricted experimental utility because of extended differentiation/maturation times. To accelerate and standardize iPS neuronal maturation, we differentiated and matured feeder layer-free iPSC-derived neuronal cultures under physiological oxygen levels (5%), and modified the underlying extracellular matrix and medium composition. Our results demonstrate that calretinin gene expression occurred earlier under our optimized iPS conditions and the corresponding “neurogenesis burst” associated with proliferative expansion occurred more synchronously, reliably emerging two and three weeks after differentiation. As expected, the expression of mature neuronal markers (i.e., NeuN+/Calbindin+) started at 4-weeks post-differentiation. qPCR microarray, western blot and single cell analyses using high content imaging indicated that 4-week iPS neuronal cultures were non-cycling with decreased expression of cyclin D1 and Ki67. Our data demonstrate that extracellular cues influence the kinetics of neurogenesis models and that feeder layer-free iPSC-derived neurogenesis can be reproducibly miniaturized.
Genetic Optimisation of Bacteria-Induced Calcite Precipitation in Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Hoffmann Timothy Dennis , Paine Kevin , Gebhard Susanne 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundMicrobially induced calcite precipitation (MICP) is an ancient property of bacteria, which has recently gained considerable attention for biotechnological applications. It occurs as a by-product of bacterial metabolism and involves a combination of chemical changes in the extracellular environment, e.g. pH increase, and presence of nucleation sites on the cell surface or extracellular substances produced by the bacteria. However, the molecular mechanisms underpinning MICP and the interplay between the contributing factors remain poorly understood, thus placing barriers to the full biotechnological and synthetic biology exploitation of bacterial biomineralisation.ResultsIn this study, we adopted a bottom-up approach of systematically engineering Bacillus subtilis, which has no detectable intrinsic MICP activity, for biomineralisation. We showed that heterologous production of urease can induce MICP by local increases in extracellular pH, and this can be enhanced by co-expression of urease accessory genes for urea and nickel uptake, depending on environmental conditions. MICP can be strongly enhanced by biofilm-promoting conditions, which appeared to be mainly driven by production of exopolysaccharide, while the protein component of the biofilm matrix was dispensable. Attempts to modulate the cell surface charge of B. subtilis had surprisingly minor effects, and our results suggest this organism may intrinsically have a very negative cell surface, potentially predisposing it for MICP activity.ConclusionsOur findings give insights into the molecular mechanisms driving MICP in an application-relevant chassis organism and the genetic elements that can be used to engineer de novo or enhanced biomineralisation. This study also highlights mutual influences between the genetic drivers and the chemical composition of the surrounding environment in determining the speed, spatial distribution and resulting mineral crystals of MICP. Taken together, these data pave the way for future rational design of synthetic precipitator strains optimised for specific applications.
A Novel Power-Amplified Jumping Behavior in Larval Beetles (Coleoptera: Laemophloeidae)
Authors: Bertone Matthew A. , Gibson Joshua C. , Seago Ainsley E. , Yoshida Takahiro , Smith Adrian A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLarval insects use many methods for locomotion. Here we describe a previously unknown jumping behavior in a group of beetle larvae (Coleoptera: Laemophloeidae). We analyze and describe this behavior inLaemophloeus biguttatusand provide information on similar observations for another laemophloeid species,Placonotus testaceus.Laemophloeus biguttatuslarvae prelude jumps by arching their body while gripping the substrate with their legs over a period of 0.22 ± 0.17s. This is followed by a rapid ventral curling of the body after the larvae releases its grip that launches them into the air. Larvae reached takeoff velocities of 0.47 ± 0.15 m s-1 and traveled 11.2 ± 2.8 mm (1.98 ± 0.8 body lengths) horizontally and 7.9 ± 4.3 mm (1.5 ± 0.9 body lengths) vertically during their jumps. Conservative estimates of power output revealed that not all jumps can be explained by direct muscle power alone, suggestingLaemophloeus biguttatususes a latch-mediated spring actuation mechanism (LaMSA) in which interaction between the larvae’s legs and the substrate serves as the latch. MicroCT scans and SEM imaging of larvae did not reveal any notable modifications that would aid in jumping. Although more in-depth experiments could not be performed to test hypotheses on the function of these jumps, we posit that this behavior is used for rapid locomotion which is energetically more efficient than crawling the same distance to disperse from their ephemeral habitat. We also summarize and discuss jumping behaviors among insect larvae for additional context of this behavior in laemophloeid beetles.