bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pemberdayaan Potensi Jemaat Dalam Membangun Gereja Misioner
Authors: Kembuan Lexie Adrin , Sudarma I Wayan 
Published: November 2021

This paper discusses the potential empowerment of congregations for missioner churches. The Church is called a missioner when it is able to carry out programs that move outwards, not only perform services inward. The Church always motivates the congregation to preach the good news. The method used in this writing is a descriptive qualitative approach. The missioner church is always actively enhancing partnerships with churches or other mission institutions. In carrying out the activities out there is one concept of three and one that the author offers, namely in evangelism the author does activities by doing three things in one place. In the congregation, there are expected to be small groups engaged in a clear service program. In small groups, word sharing is done, evangelistic services, and at the same time the congregation runs its business.Keyword: Potential, congregation, missioner, empowerment, Church. AbstrakTulisan ini membahas tentang pemberdayaan potensi jemaat untuk gereja misioner. Gereja disebut misioner bila sudah mampu melaksanakan program yang bergerak ke luar, tidak hanya melakukan pelayanan ke dalam. Gereja selalu memberi motivasi kepada jemaat untuk memberitakan kabar baik. Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan ini dengan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Gereja yang misioner senantiasa aktif meningkatkan kemitraan dengan gereja-gereja atau lembaga-lembaga misi lainnya. Dalam melaksanakan kegiatan keluar dalam penginjilan gereja melakukan kegiatan dengan melakukan tiga hal dalam satu tempat. Dalam jemaat diharapkan ada kelompok-kelompok kecil yang bergerak mengerjakan program pelayanan yang jelas. Dalam kelompok kecil dilakukan sharing Firman, melakukan pelayanan penginjilan, dan sekaligus jemaat menjalankan usahanya.Kata-Kata Kunci: Potensi, jemaat, missioner, pemberdayaan, Gereja
Jardines renacentistas de la Villa Ducal de Benavente. El sueño de una utopía
Authors: Morales Folguera Jose Miguel 
Published: November 2021

Construidos por tres generaciones de los condes-duques de Benavente, entre 1499 y 1621, como instrumento de disfrute y de prestigio familiar de la villa ducal, los jardines de Benavente se convirtieron en uno de los jardines renacentistas más importantes de España. Desgraciadamente, los cambios en los gustos estéticos de los herederos, el paso de los ejércitos franceses de Napoleón y el abandono de una naturaleza necesitada de su continuo cuidado, hicieron que los jardines desaparecieran en los primeros años del siglo XIX. En este artículo nos proponemos hacer su reconstrucción ideal, con la utilización de los numerosos textos y de la documentación existente.
Built for three generations of the count-dukes of Benavente, between 1499 and 1621, as an instrument of enjoyment and family prestige of the ducal town, the Benavente gardens became one of the most important Renaissance gardens in Spain. Unfortunately, the changes in the aesthetic tastes of the heirs, the destruction wrought by Napoleon's army and the abandonment of a nature in need of their continuous care, caused the gardens to disappear in the early years of the 19th century. In this article we propose to make its ideal reconstruction, with the use of the numerous texts and existing documentation.
Board Level Employee Representation and CEO Compensation: The Mediation and Interaction Effects of the Largest Shareholder
Authors: Dardour Ali , Ahmed Rana 
Published: November 2021

The goal of this paper is to study the effect of board employee representation on the CEO compensation in French publicly listed companies. The study shows the following results: First, we found that employee board representation affects negatively and significantly the CEO total compensation. Second, employee representation has no effect on firm financial performance. Third, we found that French State strengthens the control of BLER over CEOs and their compensation, rather than simply mediate it.
Livelihood Status of Neem Seed Pickers and Constraints in Seed Collection and Procurement in Tamil Nadu
Authors: Baburaj L. K. , Pirabu J. Venkata , Kumar D. Suresh , Vidhyavathi A. , Pushpavalli R. 
Published: November 2021

Aims: Neem Seeds have considerable economic significance due to a variety of commercial usages. Realising the significance of neem, the present study aimed to understand the rural households’ participation in neem seed collection and issues in collection and sales.
Study Design: Simple random sampling method was followed.
Place and Duration of the Study: The present study was conducted in Tamil Nadu state covering seven districts namely Coimbatore, Dindigul, Dharmapuri, Madurai, Sivagangai, Thoothukudi and Vellore. A total of 450 households who involved in neem seed collection was selected and studied. The data collected was pertaining to the year 2019-20.
Methodology: Simple mean, percentage analysis, standard deviation and Garrett Ranking techniques were employed.
Results: Ninety seven percent of the neem seed collectors are above 30 years. Majority of the neem seed collectors are illiterate mostly belong to the category of more than 50 years and 30 to 50 years. Agriculture based households members generally involved in neem seed collection. Majority of the neem seed collectors (61 per cent) collect neem seeds in local village itself. Around 26 per cent of the respondents visit nearby villages to collect neem seeds. To collect neem seeds, the rural households travel 4.65 km daily, with a minimum of 2.0 km and maximum of 7.0 km in a day. The constraints in seed collection are time consuming, travel long to collect seeds, less remunerative, less productive etc. The major constraints in selling include poor price offered by the traders, lack of awareness on price in other markets, lack of awareness about quality.
Conclusion: Programmes like price support, market intervention in the form of price dissemination, market and transport infrastructure will help the rural people to fetch better price for their collected neem seeds.
Robust and Reprocessable Artificial Muscles Based on Liquid Crystal Elastomers with Dynamic Thiourea Bonds
Authors: Lee Jin‐Hyeong , Bae Jaehee , Hwang Jae Hyuk , Choi Moon‐Young , Kim Yong Seok , Park Sungmin , Na Jun‐Hee , Kim Dong‐Gyun , Ahn Suk‐kyun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis work reports a new class of liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) cross‐linked with poly(ether‐thiourea) comprising a triethylene glycol spacer (LCE‐TUEG) wherein thiourea bonds impart a hydrogen bonding capability as well as permit dynamic covalent bond (DCB) exchange at elevated temperatures. While hydrogen bonding enhances the mechanical properties of LCE‐TUEG, the DCB allows the macromolecular network rearrangement of the LCEs, resulting in various useful properties that are not present in conventional LCEs, including the ability to undergo welding, melt and solution reprocessing, reprogrammable actuation, and self‐healing. By exploiting these dynamic features, electrically powered artificial muscles are fabricated that can be actuated by Joule heating using a resistive wire. In particular, an excellent specific work is demonstrated (≈65 J kg−1) for the artificial muscle, and full recyclability of both the LCE matrix and the metallic heating wire is achieved. Furthermore, a biomimetic artificial hand is created by welding and assembling multiple LCE‐TUEG films embedded with heating wires, followed by mechanical alignment. The integration of a microcontroller to the artificial hand enables the selective actuation of each finger, and various hand gestures are successfully demonstrated.
Effects of flares on the habitable zones of M dwarfs accessible to TESS planet detections
Authors: Bogner M. , Stelzer B. , Raetz Stefanie 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPhotometric space missions such as Kepler and TESS continuously discover new exoplanets and advance the search for a second habitable world. The light curves (LCs) recorded by these telescopes also reveal signs of magnetic activity, such as star spot modulation and flares, which can influence habitability. Searching for these characteristics, we analyzed TESS LCs of 112 M dwarfs selected according to the criterion that TESS can spot planet transits over their entire habitable zone (HZ). We detected 2,532 flare events occurring on 35 stars; thus the flaring fraction is . For only of our stars, we found rotation periods. We calculated bolometric flare energies and luminosities, flare energy frequency distributions (FFDs), and the bolometric flux reaching the HZ at the peak of the flare. We estimated the effects of flaring on the atmosphere of an Earth‐like planet in the HZ from the viewpoint of both ozone depletion and the enabling of chemical reactions necessary to build ribonucleic acid (RNA). None of our targets exhibits highly energetic flares at a frequency large enough to trigger ozone depletion or RNA formation.
Comparison of prognosis between patients undergoing radical nephrectomy versus partial nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma ≤7 cm T3aN0/xM0: Survival benefit is biased toward partial nephrectomy
Authors: Liu Shiliang , Feng Chunxiang , Liu Chang , Wang Zhixian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is limited and controversial evidence on the prognosis of partial nephrectomy (PN) versus radical nephrectomy (RN) in patients with T3aN0/xM0 renal cell carcinoma (RCC) upstaged from clinical T1 RCC. In this study, we aimed to assess the prognosis difference following PN versus RN in patients with ≤7 cm T3aN0/xM0 RCC.MethodsFrom the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database, a total of 3196 patients receiving treatment of PN/RN for ≤7 cm T3aN0/xM0 RCC with only extrarenal fat extension in 2010–2017 were identified. An inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW)‐adjusted cause‐specific Cox model with hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) was used for overall survival (OS) and cancer‐specific survival (CSS) analyses. Sensitivity analysis was based on the propensity score matching of PN and RN groups and from the dataset of 2010–2013.ResultsA total of 872 patients underwent PN, compared with 2324 undergoing RN. After IPTW adjustment, there was no significant difference in preoperative baseline characteristics between the PN and RN cohorts. Patients who underwent RN had worse OS (HRIPTW‐adjusted, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.16–1.84; p = 0.001) and comparable CSS (HRIPTW‐adjusted, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.64–1.66; p = 0.890) than those receiving PN in all cohorts and subgroups with T3a RCC of ≤4 cm and perinephric fat extension. Further, in patients with 4–7 cm T3a RCC with perinephric‐fat invasion and all sizes of T3a RCC with sinus/perisinus fat extension, PN led to comparable OS and CSS. Sensitivity analyses validated these results.ConclusionPN provides comparable CSS and OS or even better OS than RN for patients with RCC ≤7 cm T3aN0/xM0. Although our study has some limitations, our results indicated that PN might oncologically safe for clinical T1 RCC, even confirmed a pathologically T3a upstaging post‐PN.
Recurrent patterns after postoperative radiotherapy for early stage endometrial cancer: A competing risk analysis model
Authors: Ren Kang , Wang Wenhui , Sun Shuai , Hou Xiaorong , Hu Ke , Zhang Fuquan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe study aimed to evaluate site‐specific recurrent patterns via competing risks analysis and hazard function to provide evidence for adjuvant treatment and follow‐up for early staged endometrial cancer (EC).MethodsA total of 858 patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage I–II EC who received adjuvant radiotherapy at our institution (2000–2017) were included. The radiotherapy modality comprised external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) with or without vaginal brachytherapy (VBT) or VBT alone. Competing risks analysis and hazard rate function were employed to evaluate the recurrence rate according to the ESMO–ESGO–ESTRO risk classification.ResultsThe 5‐year overall survival rates of the low‐risk (LR), intermediate‐risk (IR), high–intermediate risk (HIR), and high‐risk (HR) groups were 96.1%, 95%, 93%, and 89.7%, respectively (p = 0.018). Sixty‐eight patients developed recurrence. The 5‐year incidence of distant recurrence was the highest in the HR group (14.87%), followed by the HIR (7.71%), IR (5.27%), and LR (1.26%) groups (Gray's test, p < 0.001). The LR and IR groups showed late metastasis behaviors for distant metastasis. The HR group presented a large magnitude of distant metastasis with an early peak that increased beyond 3 years. Subgroup analysis revealed that EBRT±VBT tended to reduce the locoregional relapse rate compared with VBT in the HIR–HR group (2.36% vs. 7.73%, Gray's test, p = 0.08).ConclusionThe established competing risk modeling demonstrated different recurrence patterns across the risk groups and radiotherapy modes. A better understanding of the change in site‐specific recurrence behavior allows more targeted adjuvant treatment and surveillance regimens.
Improving Translational Paradigms in Drug Discovery and Development
Authors: Williams Michael 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDespite improved knowledge regarding disease causality, new drug targets, and enabling technologies, the attrition rate for compounds entering clinical trials has remained consistently high for several decades, with an average 90% failure rate. These failures are manifested in an inability to reproduce efficacy findings from animal models in humans and/or the occurrence of unexpected safety issues, and reflect failures in T1 translation. Similarly, an inability to sequentially demonstrate compound efficacy and safety in Phase IIa, IIb, and III clinical trials represents failures in T2 translation. Accordingly, T1 and T2 translation are colloquially termed ‘valleys of death’. Since T2 translation dealt almost exclusively with clinical trials, T3 and T4 translational steps were added, with the former focused on facilitating interactions between laboratory‐ and population‐based research and the latter on ‘real world’ health outcomes. Factors that potentially lead to T1/T2 compound attrition include: the absence of biomarkers to allow compound effects to be consistently tracked through development; a lack of integration/‘de‐siloing’ of the diverse discipline‐based and technical skill sets involved in drug discovery; the industrialization of drug discovery, which via volume‐based goals often results in quantity being prioritized over quality; inadequate project governance and strategic oversight; and flawed decision making based on unreliable/irreproducible or incomplete data. A variety of initiatives have addressed this problem, including the NIH National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), which has focused on bringing an unbiased academic perspective to translation, to potentially revitalize the process. This commentary provides an overview of the basic concepts involved in translation, along with suggested changes in the conduct of biomedical research to avoid valleys of death, including the use of Translational Scoring as a tool to avoid translational attrition and the impact of the FDA Accelerated Approval Pathway in lowering the hurdle for drug approval. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Chevalier barley: The influence of a world‐leading malting variety
Authors: Hagenblad Jenny , Leino Matti W. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDuring the 19th century, ‘Chevalier’, said to have been developed from a single plant found in 1820, was the world‐leading malting barley (Hordeum vulgare). The superior malting quality of Chevalier lead to its world‐wide spread at the time of the development of the malting industry. In this study, we investigate how this cultivar was spread and adopted to Nordic seed systems of the time. Single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping of up to 155‐yr‐old museum specimens of historical grains labelled “Chevalier” and of Chevalier accessions preserved in genebanks, in total 282 individuals representing 47 accessions, allowed us to divide the accessions into four categories: True Chevalier, seed mixtures, crosses, and non‐Chevaliers. Comparisons with previously genotyped Nordic landraces showed how, in the 19th century, Chevalier seed was mixed with locally produced landrace seed and cultivated together. We suggest that spontaneous outbreeding events gave rise to hybrids which were subsequently selected and propagated when resulting in superior genetic combinations. Such farmer‐driven breeding activities would have preceded modern plant breeding but resembled the breeding principles that were later used, even though the scientific understanding of inheritance was not yet known.
Pollinators and herbivores interactively shape selection on strawberry defence and attraction
Authors: Egan Paul A. , Muola Anne , Parachnowitsch Amy L. , Stenberg Johan A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTripartite interactions between plants, herbivores, and pollinators hold fitness consequences for most angiosperms. However, little is known on how plants evolve in response—and in particular what the net selective outcomes are for traits of shared relevance to pollinators and herbivores. In this study, we manipulated herbivory (“presence” and “absence” treatments) and pollination (“open” and “hand pollination” treatments) in a full factorial common-garden experiment with woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca L.). This design allowed us to quantify the relative importance and interactive effects of herbivore- and pollinator-mediated selection on nine traits related to plant defence and attraction. Our results showed that pollinators imposed stronger selection than herbivores on traits related to both direct and indirect (i.e., tritrophic) defence. However, conflicting selection was imposed on inflorescence density: a trait that appears to be shared by herbivores and pollinators as a host plant signal. However, in all cases, selection imposed by one agent depended largely on the presence or ecological effect of the other, suggesting that dynamic patterns of selection could be a common outcome of these interactions in natural populations. As a whole, our findings highlight the significance of plant-herbivore-pollinator interactions as potential drivers of evolutionary change, and reveal that pollinators likely play an underappreciated role as selective agents on direct and in direct plant defence.
Association of serum surfactant protein D and SFTPD gene variants with asthma in Danish children, adolescents, and young adults
Authors: Hoffmann‐Petersen Benjamin , Suffolk Raymond , Petersen Jens J. H. , Petersen Thomas H. , Brasch‐Andersen Charlotte , Høst Arne , Halken Susanne , Sorensen Grith L. , Agertoft Lone 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundSurfactant Protein D (SP‐D) is a pattern recognition molecule belonging to the family of collectins expressed in multiple human organ systems, including the lungs. Previous studies have shown that SP‐D levels in bronchoalveolar lavage samples decrease and serum levels increase in patients suffering from asthma, possibly due to a combination of induced SP‐D synthesis and decreased air–blood barrier integrity. The aims of this study were to investigate whether serum levels of SP‐D and common variants in the SP‐D gene were associated with asthma in adolescents and young adults.MethodsProspective observational study including 449 adolescents and young adults (age 11–27 years) previously diagnosed with asthma during a 2‐year period from 2003 to 2005 (0–16 years). At follow‐up from 2016 to 2017, 314 healthy controls with no history of asthma were recruited. Serum SP‐D was analyzed on samples obtained at baseline as well as samples obtained at follow‐up. SP‐D genotyping was performed for rs721917, rs2243639, and rs3088308.ResultsNo differences were found in mean levels of sSP‐D and SFTPD genotype among subjects with current asthma, no current asthma, and controls. Serum SP‐D and SFTPD genotype were not associated with any clinical parameters of asthma. Furthermore, baseline sSP‐D was not associated with asthma at follow‐up.ConclusionSerum surfactant protein D and common SP‐D gene variants were not associated with asthma in Danish adolescents and young adults with mild to moderate asthma. Serum surfactant protein D did not demonstrate any value as a clinical biomarker of asthma.
CCR7+ dendritic cells sorted by binding of CCL19 show enhanced Ag-presenting capacity and antitumor potency
Authors: Burgoyne Paul , Hayes Alan J , Cooper Rachel S , Le Brocq Michelle L , Hansell Christopher A H , Campbell John D M , Graham Gerard J 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDendritic cell therapy has been a promising addition to the current armory of therapeutic options in cancer for more than 20 years but has not yet achieved breakthrough success. To successfully initiate immunity, dendritic cells have to enter the lymph nodes. However, experience to date of therapeutic dendritic cell administration indicates that this is frequently an extremely inefficient process. The major regulator of dendritic cell migration to the lymph nodes is the chemokine receptor CCR7 and in vitro generated dendritic cells typically display heterogeneous expression of this receptor. Here we demonstrate that positive selection for the dendritic cell subpopulation expressing CCR7, using a chemically-synthesized ligand:CCL19, enriches for cells with enhanced lymph node migration and Ag presentation competence as well as a chemokine expression profile indicative of improved interactions with T cells. This enhanced lymph node homing capacity of enriched CCR7+ cells is seen in comparison to a population of unsorted dendritic cells containing an equivalent number of CCR7+ dendritic cells. Importantly, this indicates that separating the CCR7+ dendritic cells from the CCR7− cells, rather than simple CCL19 exposure, is required to affect the enhanced lymph node migration of the CCR7+ cells. In models of both subcutaneous and metastatic melanoma, we demonstrate that the dendritic cells sorted for CCR7 expression trigger enhanced CD8 T-cell driven antitumor immune responses which correlate with reduced tumor burden and increased survival. Finally, we demonstrate that this approach is directly translatable to human dendritic cell therapy using the same reagents coupled with clinical-grade flow-cytometric sorting.