bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PLCδ1 Plays Central Roles in the Osmotic Activation of ΔN-TRPV1 Channels in Mouse Supraoptic Neurons and in Murine Osmoregulation
Authors: Park Sung Jin , Haan Kirk D. , Nakamura Yoshikazu , Fukami Kiyoko , Fisher Thomas E. 
Published: March 2021

The magnocellular neurosecretory cells (MNCs) of the hypothalamus play a vital role in osmoregulation, but the mechanisms underlying MNC osmosensitivity are not fully understood. We showed previously that high osmolality activates phospholipase C (PLC) in rat MNCs in a Ca2+-dependent manner and that PLC activation is necessary for full osmotic activation of an N-terminal variant of the TRPV1 (ΔN-TRPV1) channel. We therefore hypothesized that the Ca2+-dependent δ1 isoform of PLC contributes to ΔN-TRPV1 activation and tested whether MNC function is defective in a transgenic PLCδ1 KO mouse. Water deprivation for 24 h caused greater increases in serum osmolality and losses in body weight in PLCδ1 KO mice than it did in control mice. Action potentials and ΔN-TRPV1 currents were measured in acutely isolated mouse MNCs using whole-cell patch clamp before and after exposure to hypertonic solutions. This treatment elicited a significant activation of ΔN-TRPV1 currents and an increase in firing rate in MNCs isolated from control mice, but not from PLCδ1 KO mice. Submembranous filamentous actin was measured in isolated MNCs before and after treatment with angiotensin II and hypertonic solution. Both treatments caused an increase in filamentous actin fluorescence in MNCs isolated from control mice, but both responses were significantly attenuated in MNCs from PLCδ1 KO mice. Our data demonstrate that the PLCδ1 isoform plays a key role in the activation of ΔN-TRPV1 channels and in osmosensory transduction in MNCs. This study advances our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying mammalian osmoregulation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMagnocellular neurosecretory cells (MNCs) of the hypothalamus play a central role in osmoregulation. We have identified a key role for the PLCδ1 isoform in the activation of ΔN-TRPV1 channels and osmosensory transduction in MNCs. The data indicate that the PLCδ1 isoform is activated by the Ca2+influx occurring during MNC action potentials and exerts a positive feedback on ΔN-TRPV1 channels to enhance MNC excitability. This study provides evidence that PLCδ1 is a key molecule underlying osmosensory transduction, the regulation of VP release, and osmoregulation.
Knowledge about the COVID-19 pandemic among undergraduate medical and dental students in Lalitpur, Nepal
Authors: Jha Nisha , Singh Neeti , Bajracharya Omi , Manandhar Tejendra , Manandhar Tejendra , Devkota Pragya , Kafle Sajala , Shankar Pathiyil Ravi 
Published: March 2021

Background. Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has become a major global problem. There is an urgent need to measure the knowledge of the disease among health science students who can play an active role in pandemic control. The research was conducted to examine COVID-19 knowledge among medical and dental students in a Nepalese medical college, compare the knowledge to other studies in the literature and identify educational needs of students who may be involved in treating COVID-19 patients.
Methods. The cross-sectional study was performed during the third week of June among first to final year medical and dental students. As the country was in lockdown, a structured online questionnaire was used. The responses obtained were entered into IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows and the normality of the data checked using one-sample Kolmogorov Smirnov test. The demographic parameters were tabulated, and total score compared among different subgroups of participants. The frequency of different measures mentioned by respondents were also noted.
Results. More than half of the participants were males (59.6%). Nearly half 282 (49.8%) belonged to age group 21-23 years. The majority 415 (73.5%) were undergraduate medical and 150 (26.5%) were undergraduate dental students. The largest number of respondents, 140 (24.9%), were from the second year of study and 344 (60.9%) were from urban areas. The median total score was 20 and the interquartile range 4. The maximum possible score was 29. The scores among students belonging to different years of study were significantly different (p=0.006). Total scores were not significantly different among other subgroups.
Conclusions. The knowledge of the participants was good. Deficiencies in knowledge were noted in certain areas and these should be addressed through an educational intervention. One of the challenges is the rapid evolution of our knowledge about this condition, which may require regular refresher sessions. Similar studies can be undertaken in other medical colleges in the country and in nursing and pharmacy colleges.
ANTERİOR SERVİKAL DİSKEKTOMİ VE FÜZYON UYGULANAN HASTALARDA KEMİK MİNERAL YOĞUNLUĞUNUN FÜZYON VE FİKSASYON ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ
Authors: ŞEN Zafer , ERKAN Serkan 
Published: March 2021

Amaç
Bu çalışmanın amacı, anterior servikal diskektomi ve
füzyon uyguladığımız hastaların radyolojik ve klinik
sonuçlarını karşılaştırmak ve füzyon oluşumu ile kemik
mineral yoğunluğu arasındaki ilişkiyi saptamaktır.
Gereç ve Yöntem
Çalışmaya, Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi
Hastanesi Ortopedi ve Travmatoloji kliniğinde servikal
dejeneratif disk hastalığı ve servikal spondiloz tanıları
ile başvuran toplam 23 hasta dahil edildi. Olgular en
az 3 ay süreyle tıbbi tedaviye yanıt vermeyen anterior
diskektomi ve füzyon uygulanan hastalardan oluştu.
Hastaların operasyon öncesi ve sonrası servikal bilateral
grafileri alınarak, 1-3-6. ve 12. ay sonunda kemik
mineral yoğunluğu, VAS skor değerleri, Boyun Engellilik
İndeksi, Ishihara indeksi ve SF-36 değerlendirme
sonuçları belirlenerek karşılaştırıldı.
Bulgular
Çalışmada kaynama oranı %95,6 bulundu 3. ayda
sigara içmeyen grupta kaynama oranı %45, 6.ayda
%65, 12. ayda %100’e ulaşıldı. Sigara içen grupta
3.ayda kaynama oranı %35, 6. ayda %55, 12. ayda
ise % 85 bulundu. Ishihara indeksi değerlerindeki
değişim ile hastaların yaşam standardı ve fonksiyonel
sonuçlar arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişki
gözlendi. Hastalarda fonksiyonel sonuçlar ile servikal
indeks kıyaslanarak, servikal indeksin anlamlı bir şekilde
düzeltilmesi ile fonksiyonel sonuçlarda anlamlı
bir iyileşme izlendi.
Sonuç
Günümüzde orta hat yerleşimli servikal disk hernilerinde
en uygun girişim anterior yaklaşımdır. Füzyonlu
ya da füzyonsuz yapılabilecek bu girişim hastanın
stabilite sorununa göre karar verilecek bir durumdur.
Otogreft, allogreft, kafes ya da plak-vida uygulama
sonuçları, uzun dönem takiplerde sonuçların karşılaştırmasını
gerekli kılmaktadır. Radyolojik incelemelerde
servikal omurganın sagital plandaki eğiminde düzleşme
veya kifotik deformite varsa posterior girişim
ile yer yer füzyon olmuş spondilotik omurgada sagital
deformiteyi düzeltmenin güç olması, mevcut olan kifotik
deformiteyi artırması nedeniyle posterior servikal
dekompresyon uygulanamaz hale gelmektedir.
SUBARAKNOİD KANAMANIN NEDEN OLDUĞU SEREBELLAR HASARDA UYGULANAN FARKLI TEDAVİ MODALİTELERİNİN OKSİDATİF STRES PARAMETRELERİ ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ
Authors: OĞUZOĞLU Ali Serdar , ŞENOL Nilgün , İLHAN İlter , AŞCI Halil , KAYNAK Mine , ÇÖMLEKCİ Selçuk 
Published: March 2021

Amaç
Bu çalışmada, Subaraknoid Kanama (SAK) sonrasında
serebellar dokuda meydana gelen oksidatif stres
üzerinde, uygulanabilecek farklı tedavi modalitelerinin
etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç-ve Yöntem
Kuyruk arterlerinden alınan 0,3 cc otolog kanın sisterna
magna bölgesine enjekte edilmesi ile SAK oluşturulan
ratlara farklı dozlarda (30-60 mg/kg Pregabalin
(PREG), Nimodipin (NİMO), Salubrinal (SLB) ve Darbeli
Elektromanyetik Alan (DEMA) uygulandı. Sakrifikasyon
sonrasında alınan serebellum dokularında
total oksidan kapasite (TOS), total antioksidan kapasite
(TAS) ve oksidatif stres indeksi (OSİ) gibi oksidatif
stres parametreleri incelendi.
Bulgular
TOS ve OSİ değerlerinde PREG30 (iki değer için de
p=0.003), PREG₆₀ (p=0.026 ve p=0.005, sırasıyla),
SLB ve DEMA uygulanan gruplarda anlamlı olarak
azalma görüldü. TAS seviyelerinde ise PREG ve
DEMA uygulanan gruplarda istatistiksel olarak anlamlı
bir değişiklik saptanmazken, SLB ve NİMO uygulanan
gruplarda anlamlı değişiklik olduğu görüldü.
NİMO uygulanan grupta OSİ değerinde de (p=0,046)
SAK grubuna göre anlamlı bir azalma saptandı.
Sonuç
PREG ve SLB SAK’ta farklı iki mekanizma üzerinden
koruyucu olabilmektedir. DEMA tedavisinin de etkinliğinden
söz edilebilir ancak etkisinin değerlendirilmesi
için farklı uygulama zamanları ve süreleri ile yeni çalışmalara
ihtiyaç vardır.
Secondary Osseous Integration of Cementless Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty After Internal Fixation of a Felix Type IIIB Fracture
Authors: Afghanyar Yama , Kutzner Karl Philipp , Drees Philipp , Schneider Michael 
Published: March 2021

Case:
A 76-year-old man presented with periprosthetic tibial plateau fracture (TPF), with a completely loosened tibial component 3 weeks after cementless unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA). Internal fixation by buttress plating was performed, and the tibial component was retained and left in situ primarily as a spacer. Revision was planned after fracture consolidation, but at 3 months, the patient was able to walk without support, without pain, and with full range of motion. At 1 year, he is free of complaints. The initial loosened tibial component reintegrated.

Conclusion:
Internal fixation combined with preserving the loosened tibial component may be a treatment option for TPF involving a cementless UKA.
A New Computational Fluid Dynamics Model To Optimize Sucker Rod Pump Operation and Design
Authors: Jalikop Shreyas V. , Scheichl Bernhard , Eder Stefan J. , Hönig Stefan 
Published: March 2021

SummaryArtificial lift systems are widely used in oil production, of which sucker rod pumps are conceptually among the simpler ones. The reciprocating movement of the plunger triggers the opening and closing of two ball valves, allowing fluid to be pumped to the surface. Their built-in ball valves are subject to long-time erosion and fail as a consequence of this damage mechanism. Understanding the principal damage mechanisms requires a thorough examination of the fluid dynamics during the opening and closing action of these valves.In this article, we present a fluid-structure interaction model that simultaneously computes the fluid flow in the traveling valve (TV), the standing valve (SV), and the chamber of sucker rod pumps during a full pump cycle. The simulations shed light on the causes of valve damage for standard and nonideal operating conditions of the pump. In particular, our simulations based on real pump operating envelopes reveal that the so-called “midcycle valve closure” is likely to occur. Such additional closing and opening events of the valves multiply situations in which the flow conditions are harmful to the individual pump components, leading to efficiency reduction and pump failure. This mechanism, hitherto unreported in the literature, is believed to constitute the primary cause of long-term valve damage.Our finite element method-based computational-fluid-dynamics model can accurately describe the opening and closing cycles of the two valves. For the first time, this approach allows an analysis of real TV speed versus position plots, usually called pump cards. The effects of stroke length, plunger speed, and fluid parameters on the velocity and pressure at any point and time inside the pump can thus be investigated. Identifying the damage-critical flow parameters can help suggest measures to avoid unfavorable operating envelopes in future pump designs.Our flow model may support field operations throughout the entire well life, ranging from improved downhole pump design to optimized pump operation or material selections. It can aid the creation of an ideal interaction between the valves, thus avoiding midcycle valve closure to drastically extend the mean time between failures of sucker rod pumps. Finally, our simulation approach will speed up new pump component development while greatly reducing the necessity for costly laboratory testing.
Poroelastoplastic Modeling of Complex Hydraulic-Fracture Development in Deep Shale Formations
Authors: Liu Wenzheng , Zeng Qingdong , Yao Jun 
Published: March 2021

Summary
In this paper, we propose a hydromechanical model to simulate hydraulic fracture propagation in deep shale formations. The Drucker-Prager plasticity theory, Darcy’s law, Reynolds lubrication theory, and Kirchoff’s laws are adopted to describe the plastic deformation, matrix flow, fracture flow, and wellbore flow, respectively. A global embedded cohesive zone model is constructed to achieve the free evolution of hydraulic fractures and the characterization of natural fractures. The finite element method (FEM) and finite volume method (FVM) are used for the spatial discretization of the stress field and pressure field. On the basis of Newton-Raphson iteration, fixed-stress iteration, and Picard iteration, a mixed numerical scheme is built up to solve the strong nonlinear coupling problem. The proposed model is verified against several reference cases and experimental results. Finally, some numerical cases are carried out to investigate the influences of rock properties, natural fracture distribution, and fracturing fluid properties on the complex hydraulic fracture development. The results show that rock plasticity leads to a decrease in stimulated fracture area, an increase in average fracture width, and an increase in propagation pressure. As the cluster number increases, the adverse effect of rock plasticity on multiple hydraulic fracturing in deep shale formations increases significantly. In addition, appropriate optimization of cluster spacing could weaken the adverse effect of rock plasticity on fracturing treatment to a certain extent by using the stress interference effect.
ALAD Expression and Prognostic Value in Multiple Human Cancers: A Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: Chen Quan , Jiang Chao , Li Jing , Li Peiqiong , Yin Yekui , liu Qingnan , Zhao Xiaohui 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background

δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) is a kind of metalloenzyme, which can catalyze δ-aminolevulinic acid to synthesize bilirubin. However, the expression level, prognostic role, biological function and mechanism of action of ALAD in a variety of human tumors are still not clear.
Methods
GEPIA Online (http://gepia.cancer-pku.cn) website was used for mRNA analysis of ALAD in multiple human solid tumors. NCBI/GEO database and UALCAN website (http://ualcan.path.uab.edu) were used to analyze the ALAD mRNA expression in breast cancer and lung cancer. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis from HPA database was used to detect the protein expression of ALAD in different human tumors. Kaplan-Meier plotter database (http://kmplot.com/analy sis/) was used to evaluate the prognostic value of ALAD expression in different human tumors. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome (KEGG) pathway analysis and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) analysis were used for ALAD enrichment analysis and signal pathway analysis.
Results

Analyzed by GEPIA, UALCAN online website and GEO analysis in multiple human tumors, the results showed that ALAD mRNA expression is significantly down-regulated and positively correlated with the overall survival (OS) time of different cancer patients. Besides, the expression of ALAD protein is always none or low in multiple solid tumors. In addition, GO and KEGG enrichment analysis suggested that ALAD may play an anti-tumor role in many directions, and GSEA further found that the overexpression of ALAD is negatively correlated with cell cycle signal pathway and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signal pathway.
Conclusions

In conclusion, our study demonstrated for the first time that ALAD is downregulated in multiple human cancers and ALAD low expression is associated with worse overall survival of different cancer patients. Furthermore, we showed that ALAD low expression is associated with tumor cell cycle process and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. ALAD may be a valuable prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target of multiple human tumors.
Time-frequency equivalence using chirp signals for frequency response analysis
Authors: Suresh Resmi , Rengaswamy Raghunathan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Frequency response analysis (FRA) of systems is a well-researched area. For years, FRA has been performed using input signals, which are a series of sinusoids or a sum of sinusoids. This results in large experimentation time, particularly when the system has to be probed at lower frequencies. In this work, we describe a previously unknown time-frequency duality for linear systems when probed through chirp signals. We show that the entire frequency response can be extracted with a single chirp signal by extending the notion of instantaneous frequency to both the input and output signals. It is surprising that this powerful result had not been uncovered given that FRA has been used in multiple disciplines for more than hundred years. This result has the possibility of completely revolutionizing methods used for frequency response analysis. Simulation studies that support the main result are described. While this result is of relevance in multiple areas, we demonstrate the potential impact of this result in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.
Clinical and sociodemographic variables as risk factors for suicidal behavior in Borderline Personality Disorder: a restrospective study.
Authors: Alberdi-Paramo Iñigo , Montero-Hernández Germán , Sáiz-González María Dolores , Díaz-Marsá Marina , Carrasco-Perera José Luis 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Suicidal behavior (SB) is nuclear in Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). It is considered a symptom clinically relevant and with an important prognostic value. The literature describes different variables related to SB in BPD such as impulsivity, aggressiveness or hopelessness. There are not hardly any studies focused on the role of sociodemographic variables and their specific relationship with SB in BPD. The objective of this work is to identify which clinical and sociodemographic parameters could act as markers of suicide risk in BPD. Methods: A cross-sectional, observational, and retrospective study was conducted of a sample of 134 patients diagnosed with BPD. The analysis of the association between variables was carried out with a multivariate negative binomial logistic regression model. Results: SB is related to the number of siblings with statistical significance. Likewise, a greater number of suicide attempts is significantly associated with female gender, parenthood, permanent work, sick leaves and the number of previous hospital admissions. Both the presence of SB and a greater number of suicide attempts are significantly related to history of trauma in childhood and to the score in Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale. Conclusions: These parameters could act as risk factors for SB in BPD. The role of these variables could be the subject of further research projects in order to identify them in clinical practice.
High-quality genome assembly-based and functional analyses reveal the pathogenesis mechanisms and evolutionary landscape of wheat sharp eyespot Rhizoctonia cerealis
Authors: Lu Lin , Guo Feilong , Zhang Zhichao , Pan Lijun , Hao Yu , Zhu Xiuliang , Yu Jinfeng , Ye Wenwu , Zhang Zengyan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is one of the most important staple crops. The necrotrophic binucleate fungus Rhizoctonia cerealis is the causal agent for the devastating disease wheat sharp eyespot and additional diseases of other agricultural crops and bioenergy plants. In this study, we present the first high-quality genome assembly of R. cerealis Rc207, a highly aggressive strain isolated from wheat. The genome encodes expand and diverse sets of virulence-related proteins, especially secreted effectors, carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), metalloproteases, Cytochrome P450 (CYP450), and secondary metabolite-associated enzymes. Many of these genes, in particular those encoding secretory proteins and CYP450, showed markedly up-regulation during infection in wheat. Of 831 candidate secretory effectors, ten up-regulated secretory proteins, such as CAZymes, metalloproteases and antigens, were functionally validated as virulence factors required for the fungal infection in wheat. Further intra-species and inter-species comparative genomics analyses showed that repeat sequences, accounting for 17.87% of the genome, are the major driving force for the genome evolution, and frequently intraspecific gene duplication contributes to expansion of pathogenicity-related gene families. This is the first genome-scale investigation elucidating the pathogenesis mechanisms and evolutionary landscape of R. cerealis. Our results provide essential tools for further development of effective disease control strategies.
Metronidazole enhances steatosis-related early-stage hepatocarcinogenesis in high fat diet-fed rats through DNA double-strand breaks and modulation of autophagy
Authors: Eguchi Ayumi , Mizukami Sayaka , Nakamura Misato , Masuda Sousuke , Murayama Hirotada , Kawashima Masashi , Inohana Mari , Nagahara Rei , Kobayashi Mio , Yamashita Risako , Uomoto Suzuka , Makino Emi , Ohtsuka Ryoichi , Takahashi Naofumi , Hayashi Shim-Mo , Maronpot Robert R , Shibutani Makoto , Yoshida Toshinori 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is a hepatic disorder with deposition of fat droplets, and has a high risk of progression to steatosis-related hepatitis and irreversible hepatic cancer. Metronidazole (MNZ) is an antiprotozoal and antimicrobial agent widely used to treat patients infected with anaerobic bacteria and intestinal parasites; however, MNZ has also been shown to induce liver tumors in rodents. To investigate the effects of MNZ on steatosis-related early-stage hepatocarcinogenesis, male rats treated with N-nitrosodiethylamine following 2/3 hepatectomy at week 3 were received a control basal diet, high fat diet (HFD), or HFD containing 0.5% MNZ. The HFD induced obesity and steatosis in liver, accompanied by altered expression of Pparg and Fasn, genes related to lipid metabolism. MNZ increased nuclear translocation of lipid metabolism-related transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in hepatocytes, together with altered liver expression of lipid metabolism genes (Srebf1, Srebf2, Pnpla2). Furthermore, MNZ significantly increased the number of preneoplastic liver foci, accompanied by DNA double-strand breaks and late-stage autophagy inhibition, as reflected by increased levels of γ-H2AX, LC3, and p62. Therefore, MNZ could induce steatosis-related hepatocarcinogenesis by inducing DNA double-strand breaks and modulating autophagy in HFD-fed rats.
Assessment of Different Methods in Analyzing Motor Vehicle Emission Factors
Authors: Gao Chengkang , Na Hong-ming , Song Kaihui , Xu Qing-jiang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
To explore the emission characteristics of vehicle’s pollutants is of great significance to prevent and control the diffusion of pollutants. Limited by geographic location and economic condition, the models- and guidelines-based studies on vehicle’s emission factor have become more concerned measures than the actual measurement. By analyzing the actual operating conditions of motor vehicles, this study obtain the emission factors of typical pollutants from different motor vehicles by adopting international vehicle emission (IVE) model and guideline method, respectively. Furthermore, the resulting emission factors by the above methods were compared and analyzed with on-road method. The results show that: (1) the emission factors of vehicle pollutants change regularly with velocity, emission standard and accumulated mileage. Taking CO as an example, its emission factor shows a downward trend with the increase of velocity and emission standard, and an upward trend with the increase of accumulated mileage; (2) Compared with the actual measurement, the vehicle emission factor obtained by the guideline method has a large error, while the IVE model is close to the actual.