bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organizing Safe Spaces: #MeToo Activism in Sweden
Authors: Hansson Karin , Sveningsson Malin , Ganetz Hillevi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNetworked online environments can effectively support political activism. In Sweden, the #metoo movement resulted in over 100,000 people participating in activities challenging sexual harassment and abuse, including collecting testimonies via social media and drafting and discussing petitions published in print news media. Participation involved many risks, such as social stigma, losing one’s job, or misogynist terrorism, which meant that participation required a high level of trust among peers. Human-computer interaction (HCI) research on trust generally focuses on technical systems or user-generated data, less focus has been given to trust among peers in vulnerable communities. This study, based on semi-structured interviews and surveys of participants and organizers of 47 petitions representing different sectors in society, found that trust was aggregated over networks of people, practices, institutions, shared values, and technical systems. Although a supportive culture based on a feeling of solidarity and shared feminist values was central for safe spaces for participation, when activism was scaled up, social interaction had to be limited due to increased risk. HCI research views trust as a process of crossing distances, increasing over time; however, our results reveal that trust decreased over time as the movement grew and public exposure increased, a trend most evident when the participants actually came from a tightly knit community. Therefore, this study points out the significance to balance the need for transparency and community with the need for anonymity and distance in the development of tools to support large-scale deliberative processes that involve conflicts and risks.
Potent Ant Deterrents Emitted from Nematode-Infected Insect Cadavers
Authors: Jaffuel Geoffrey , Krishnamani Sribala , Machado Ricardo A. R. , Campos-Herrera Raquel , Turlings Ted C. J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMost known species of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are generalist obligate parasites of insects. They kill their hosts within days after infection and mortality is mainly caused by toxins produced by bacteria that co-infect the hosts and serve as food for the nematodes. EPNs can infect a very broad spectrum of insects and these insects can therefore be expected to have evolved strategies to avoid infection. Indeed, ants are known to avoid feeding on EPN-infected insect cadavers, most likely because they are repelled by semiochemicals that emanate from the cadavers. The source and nature of these repellents are so far unknown. In a series of behavioral and chemical analytical experiments we identified hexadecanal and 2-heptadecanone as two compounds that are emitted by insect larva that are infected by the EPN Steinernema feltiae, but not by uninfected larvae. When spiking honey water with the two semiochemicals, they were confirmed to be highly deterrent to the ant Lasius niger. The environmentally benign hexadecanal and 2-heptadecanone could be employed to ward off ants and possibly other pests. Additional experiments are needed to fully determine their application potential.
Smart schools on the way: How school principals from Catalonia approach the future of education within the fourth industrial revolution
Authors: Mogas Jordi , Palau Ramon , Fuentes Marta , Cebrián Gisela 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe advent of the Fourth Industrial Revolution is introducing developments in Artificial Intelligence, Internet of Things, and other technologies in different sectors of our society, including education. This reality leads to a paradigm shift in which web-based cyber-physical environments will shape future learning environments. Thus, learning becomes ubiquitous, and schools assume new roles with systemic changes in communication, administration and management, becoming learning organisations. The use of technologies aligned with pedagogical strategies and new methodologies must lead to more-personalised systems. In this article, a comprehensive definition of smart schools is proposed. Smart schools must be endowed with integral management systems, inclusive, sustainable, and adopt new learning methodologies and advances from Industry 4.0 in an efficient way. Despite this conception and because research, government policies and business projects are not always in line with research, there is a need for deeper knowledge of how schools are approaching their upcoming transformation. To illuminate this purpose, in this study 37 principals from primary and secondary schools in Catalonia were interviewed. Thematic analysis focusing on technological and pedagogical innovations, management systems, inclusion, and sustainability identified some analogies with related research, pointing out that schools are far from implementing advanced technologies. Inclusion is the most-respected element thanks to the existing government regulation. Sustainability is hardly considered because of a lack of economic resources, but several schools consider themselves green schools and exhibit environmental practices. Conclusions are drawn to show that, although schools are not yet prepared to cope with the Fourth Industrial Revolution, its impact relies on the technology’s level of maturity and ease of use, as well as stakeholders as policymakers.
Calibration of a finite element model of Prescale film for wheel-rail normal contact area measurements
Authors: Lekue Jagoba , Dörner Florian , Schindler Christian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis article presents the latest of a series of research activities aimed to determine the deviation originated when Prescale pressure measurement film is used to measure the size and shape of the wheel-rail contact area. Despite being an attractive solution due to the simplicity of the measurement procedure, it is well known that the contact interaction is altered by the presence of the film. Consequently, characterizing and filtering out the systematic measurement error is a fundamental requirement for accurate quantitative assessments. Nevertheless, the complexity of the wheel-rail contact problem, which lacks an analytical solution, hinders the direct determination of correction values. The approach presented here builds on error corrections for simpler Hertzian geometries to calibrate a film model for further use in the wheel-rail contact scenario. The results highlight the marked dependency of the measurement error on wheel and rail roughness and underline the importance of including the film into finite element models that are validated by comparison with experimental observations.
Caffeic acid, a dietary polyphenol, as a promising candidate for combination therapy
Authors: Maity Swastika , Kinra Manas , Nampoothiri Madhavan , Arora Devinder , Pai K. Sreedhara Ranganath , Mudgal Jayesh 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIncreased effectiveness and decreasing toxicity are prime objectives in drug research. Overwhelming evidence suggests the use of appropriate combination therapy for the better efficacy of drugs owing to their synergistic profile. Dietary active constituents play a major role in health outcomes. Therefore, it is possible to increase the effectiveness of the drug by combining contemporary medication with active natural/semi-synthetic constituents. One such dietary constituent, caffeic acid (CA), is a by-product of the shikimate pathway in plants and is a polyphenol of hydroxycinnamic acid class. Extensive research on CA has proposed its efficacy against inflammatory, neurodegenerative, oncologic, and metabolic disorders. The synergistic/additive effects of CA in combination with drugs like caffeine, metformin, pioglitazone, and quercetin have been reported in several experimental models and thus the present review is an attempt to consolidate outcomes of this research. Multi-target-based mechanistic studies will facilitate the development of effective combination regimens of CA.
COVID-19 and Selenium Deficiency: a Systematic Review
Authors: Fakhrolmobasheri Mohammad , Mazaheri-Tehrani Sadegh , Kieliszek Marek , Zeinalian Mehrdad , Abbasi Mehdi , Karimi Fateme , Mozafari Amir Mohamad 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Several studies have indicated that selenium deficiency may be detrimental in the context of various viral disorders, and in the case of COVID-19, several studies have reported heterogeneous results concerning the association of selenium deficiency with the severity of disease. To summarize the available data surrounding the association of body selenium levels with the outcomes of COVID-19, a systematic search was performed in the Medline database (PubMed), Scopus, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science using keywords including “SARS-CoV-2,” “COVID-19,” and “selenium,” Studies evaluating the association of COVID-19 with body selenium levels were included. Among 1,862 articles viewed in the database search, 10 articles were included after title, abstract, and full-text review. One study was further included after searching the literature again for any newly published articles. Out of 11 included studies, 10 studies measured serum selenium level, and one study investigated urinary selenium level. Three of 10 studies measured serum SELENOP level as well as selenium level. Glutathione peroxidase-3 level in serum was also assessed in one study. The reported outcomes were severity, mortality, and risk of COVID-19. Nine studies indicated that a lower serum selenium level is associated with worse outcomes. Two studies reported no significant association between serum selenium level and COVID-19. In one study, urinary selenium level was reported to be higher in severe and fatal cases compared to non-severe and recovered patients, respectively. In most cases, selenium deficiency was associated with worse outcomes, and selenium levels in COVID-19 patients were lower than in healthy individuals. Thus, it could be concluded that cautious selenium supplementation in COVID-19 patients may be helpful to prevent disease progression. However, randomized clinical trials are needed to confirm this.
Molecular investigation and description of Iberozospeum n. gen., including the description of one new species (Eupulmonata, Ellobioidea, Carychiidae)
Authors: Kneubühler Jeannette , Jochum Adrienne , Prieto Carlos E. , Neubert Eike 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe subterranean realm of the Cantabrian-Pyrenean region of northern Spain harbours a rich diversity of Zospeum. Due to their tiny size and the difficulty of finding them alive, scarce animal material has been available for scientific investigation. Recent investigations of Zospeum shells have provided valuable, but limited insights towards our understanding of the evolutionary processes occurring within this taxon in northern Spain. In an integrative study, we investigate 57 populations of Zospeum from northern Spanish caves using two mitochondrial (COI and 16S) and two nuclear markers (H3 and 5.8 S rRNA + ITS2). Revealed is a separate radiation of the northern Spanish species for which the new genus, Iberozospeum, is proposed. The independent radiation of Dinaric Zospeum from that of northern Spain justifies the designation of Iberozospeum n. gen. Morphological evidence is provided via histological analysis of Iberozospeum vasconicum and SEM analyses of radulae of eastern Alpine, Dinaric and Iberian species. Important differences in morphological structure and character states are presented, including the first view of the sexually mature female and the presence of the giant albumen gland in an individual of the subterranean, troglobitic Carychiidae. Significant differences are revealed in superficial crystallographic structure of the columellar lamellae, the morphology of the columellar muscle and in the radula. Radular ribbon length, ribbon broadness, straightness of the ribbon base and cusp configuration are distinctive in the Iberian species. One new species is described corroborated by genetic and morphological characters.
Bridging the ‘Valley of Death’: Can Agile Principles Be Applied in Industry-Academia Research and Innovation Projects?
Authors: Hansen Irina-Emily , Mork Ola Jon , Welo Torgeir , Ringen Geir 
Published: November 2021

AbstractGovernment funding supports industry-academia research and innovation projects in Norway, sharing the risk of the research component in innovation. However, funding alone may not be sufficient to overcome potential differences in collaborative agendas and ways of working. As a result, positive research outcomes often get stuck in the valley of death, instead of ending up as successful innovations that create value. To contribute to bridging the valley of death, we investigated the importance of six agile principles for collaborative industry-academia research and innovation projects, abbreviated IPN in Norway. The study was limited to the manufacturing sector. We surveyed 124 IPN project leaders (70 from industry; 54 from academia) to evaluate the importance of the knowledge management practices associated with the six agile principles across the three project stages. The statistical analyses indicate the consistency of the agile principles throughout the project stages. This means that agile principles are relevant for IPN projects and can be used as guidelines for improvement of the knowledge management practices. Moreover, the study identifies the agile principles that are perceived as most important to use in different stages of a project. It also identifies the different perceptions of the importance of agile principles of the project leaders from industry and academia. These findings can support project leaders who are implementing agile principles to industry-academia research and innovation projects. The results from the study can also support national and federal research/innovation councils in decision-making when assessing industrial research applications.
Religion and Intergroup Boundaries: Positive and Negative Ties among Youth in Ethnically and Religiously Diverse School Classes in Western Europe
Authors: Simsek Müge , van Tubergen Frank , Fleischmann Fenella 
Published: November 2021

Background In the past decades, Western European countries have become increasingly religiously diverse; furthermore, a growing share of their population is now youth with a migration background. Little is known about the role religion plays in social ties among children of native and immigrant origins. Purpose This study examines religious group boundaries among youth in secondary schools in England, Germany, the Netherlands, and Sweden. To this end, it describes to what extent youth's positive and negative ties in the classroom are segregated along religious lines. Furthermore, it analyzes the role of structural opportunities and religious in-group preferences in the formation of religious boundaries in the social networks of youth. Methods The data come from the first wave of the Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Survey in Four European Countries (CILS4EU), which contains more than 18,000 adolescents (aged 14–15) in England, Germany, the Netherlands, and Sweden. First, we describe overall religious segregation in the social ties of youth by using the full survey data. Second, we test our hypotheses by analyzing the complete social networks of 5236 students in 247 classes. Results The analysis reveals that friendships are more likely between classmates with similar religious affiliations than classmates with different religious affiliations. In particular, in terms of friendships, there is clear segregation between non-religious and Christian youth on the one hand and Muslim youth on the other. This segregation is partly driven by structural forces that constrain intergroup meeting opportunities. However, group segregation goes beyond the patterns expected from opportunities alone. The results show strong preferences for intrareligious friendships and a tendency to avoid ties between Muslim and non-Muslim youth. Conclusion and Implications There are religious boundaries in the social relationships of youth in ethnically and religiously diverse school classes in Western Europe. In particular, social boundaries between Muslim and non-Muslim youth are the strongest. Creating opportunities for positive intergroup contact, such as the promotion of religiously diverse schools, apparently is not sufficient to avoid religious boundaries among youth. To reduce segregation along religious lines, interventions would also need to address the factors that shape youth's preferences for intrareligious friendships.
Considerations on the Construction of Future Financial Regulations in the Field of Initial Coin Offering
Authors: Szwajdler Paweł 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLegal issues of ICOs are significant in the contemporary financial world because this method of capital formation is becoming widespread. In spite of the significance of ICOs, there are no financial regulations in this field in the most important legal systems. Therefore, research concerning future legal provisions in the area of ICOs is needed. This paper concerns issues related to the scope and structure of future financial regulations applicable to ICOs. The author focuses on principles on which legal provisions in the field of ICOs should be based. National, European and international matters are discussed separately in this work. Matters regarding a future international organisation competent in issues of crypto-assets are elaborated. Furthermore, the author proposes to create a model convention on cryptocurrencies and bilateral agreements on the exchange of information in crypto-asset matters. Disclosure obligations, anti-manipulation provisions and anti-money laundering principles are also set out. Moreover, the author discusses issues regarding audit requirements, special methods of registration and innovative payment rules for crypto-asset purposes. Finally, recommendations concerning ICOs are made separately for national, European and international purposes. The author believes that the conclusions in this paper can be useful not only for legislators but also for international actors, European institutions and legal researchers.
Evaluation of a low-cost approach to 2-D digital image correlation vs. a commercial stereo-DIC system in Brazilian testing of soil specimens
Authors: Arza-García M. , Núñez-Temes C. , Lorenzana J. A. , Ortiz-Sanz J. , Castro A. , Portela-Barral M. , Gil-Docampo M. , Bastos G. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Due to their cost, high-end commercial 3D-DIC (digital image correlation) systems are still inaccessible for many laboratories or small factories interested in lab testing materials. These professional systems can provide reliable and rapid full-field measurements that are essential in some laboratory tests with high-strain rate events or high dynamic loading. However, in many stress-controlled experiments, such as the Brazilian tensile strength (BTS) test of compacted soils, samples are usually large and fail within a timeframe of several minutes. In those cases, alternative low-cost methods could be successfully used instead of commercial systems. This paper proposes a methodology to apply 2D-DIC techniques using consumer-grade cameras and the open-source image processing software DICe (Sandia National Lab) for monitoring the standardized BTS test. Unlike most previous studies that theoretically estimate systematic errors or use local measures from strain gauges for accuracy assessment, we propose a contrast methodology with independent full-field measures. The displacement fields obtained with the low-cost system are benchmarked with the professional stereo-DIC system Aramis-3D (GOM GmbH) in four BTS experiments using compacted soil specimens. Both approaches proved to be valid tools for obtaining full-field measurements and showing the sequence of crack initiation, propagation and termination in the BTS, constituting reliable alternatives to traditional strain gauges. Mean deviations obtained between the low-cost 2D-DIC approach and Aramis-3D in measuring in-plane components were 0.08 mm in the perpendicular direction of loading (ΔX) and 0.06 mm in the loading direction (ΔY). The proposed low-cost approach implies considerable savings compared to commercial systems.
COVID-ONE-hi: The One-Stop Database for COVID-19-Specific Humoral Immunity and Clinical Parameters
Authors: Xu Zhaowei , Li Yang , Lei Qing , Huang Likun , Lai Dan-yun , Guo Shu-juan , Jiang He-wei , Hou Hongyan , Zheng Yun-xiao , Wang Xue-ning , Wu Jiaoxiang , Ma Ming-liang , Zhang Bo , Chen Hong , Yu Caizheng , Xue Jun-biao , Zhang Hai-nan , Qi Huan , Yu Siqi , Lin Mingxi , Zhang Yandi , Lin Xiaosong , Yao Zongjie , Sheng Huiming , Sun Ziyong , Wang Feng , Fan Xionglin , Tao Sheng-ce 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by SARS-CoV-2, varies with regard to symptoms and mortality rates among populations. Humoral immunity plays critical roles in SARS-CoV-2 infection and recovery from COVID-19. However, differences in immune responses and clinical features among COVID-19 patients remain largely unknown. Here, we report a database for COVID-19-specific IgG/IgM immune responses and clinical parameters (named COVID-ONE-hi). COVID-ONE-hi is based on the data that contain the IgG/IgM responses to 24 full-length/truncated proteins corresponding to 20 of 28 known SARS-CoV-2 proteins and 199 spike protein peptides against 2360 serum samples collected from 783 COVID-19 patients. In addition, 96 clinical parameters for the 2360 serum samples and basic information for the 783 patients are integrated into the database. Furthermore, COVID-ONE-hi provides a dashboard for defining samples and a one-click analysis pipeline for a single group or paired groups. A set of samples of interest is easily defined by adjusting the scale bars of a variety of parameters. After the “START” button is clicked, one can readily obtain a comprehensive analysis report for further interpretation. COVID-ONE-hi is freely available at www.COVID-ONE.cn.
Investor Attention and Stock Returns
Authors: Chen Jian , Tang Guohao , Yao Jiaquan , Zhou Guofu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe propose an investor attention index based on proxies in the literature and find that it predicts the stock market risk premium significantly, both in sample and out of sample, whereas every proxy individually has little predictive power. The index is extracted using partial least squares, but the results are similar by the scaled principal component analysis. Moreover, the index can deliver sizable economic gains for mean-variance investors in asset allocation. The predictive power of the investor attention index stems primarily from the reversal of temporary price pressure and from the stronger forecasting ability for high-variance stocks.