bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular-genetic characterization of human parvovirus B19 prevalent in Kerala State, India
Authors: Seetha Dayakar , Pillai Heera R. , Nori Sai Ravi Chandra , Kalpathodi Sanu Ghosh , Thulasi Vineetha P. , Nair Radhakrishnan R. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Human parvovirus B19V is a DNA virus, and a member of the family Parvoviridae, that causes various clinical manifestations, from asymptomatic to persistent infection that is associated with different autoimmune diseases. The parvovirus B19 evolves with a very high mutation rate that is closer to those of existing RNA viruses. Globally circulating B19V is currently classified into three genotypes, but their distribution is not spatially and temporally correlated. Except for a few recent reports on B19V entry into the human host and its genetic diversity, there is a lack of sufficient studies on this virus from distinct geographical locations and no clear understanding of its evolution has been documented.

Methods
To better understand the evolution of the Human parvo B19V virus from India's southern part, a geographically distinct location with no reports of B19V genomes, we have screened for B19V in 456 suspected cases using VP1/2 surface marker genes, and its characteristics were studied in detail. Amongst 456 clinically suspected B19V samples, 7.2% (33/456) were found positive by nested PCR (nPCR) were subsequently validated by real-time PCR, Sanger sequencing, and metagenome analysis.

Results
Human parvovirus B19 infection was shown among 33 of 456 patients when tested by nPCR; 30 among these were also positive by qPCR and were subsequently confirmed by sequencing 75% nPCR positive samples and 76% qPCR positive samples were from patients with age. ≥ 50 years respectively (Additional file 1: Table S1). The complete VP1/2 gene assembly from the South Indian strain showed three novel mutations (T122A, V128I, I283V), which might significantly impact the stability and virulence of the B19V virus circulating in this part of the world. These mutations might be crucial for its adaptive evolutionary strategies facilitating the spread and infectivity potential of the virus. In maximum likelihood phylogeny of VP1/2 sequences, the South Indian B19V strain forms a separate clade closer to the existing genotype two strains circulating worldwide.

Conclusion
Our study contributes to a better understanding of the human parvovirus's genetic and evolutionary characteristics in South India. Also, it highlights the possibility that a positive selection pressure acting on VP1/2 could increase the survival and replication capabilities of the viruses.
Protective effects of calorie restriction on insulin resistance and islet function in STZ-induced type 2 diabetes rats
Authors: Zhang Li , Huang Ying-juan , Sun Jia-pan , Zhang Ting-ying , Liu Tao-li , Ke Bin , Shi Xian-fang , Li Hui , Zhang Geng-peng , Ye Zhi-yu , Hu Jianguo , Qin Jian 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Caloric restriction (CR) has become increasingly attractive in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) because of the increasingly common high-calorie diet and sedentary lifestyle. This study aimed to evaluate the role of CR in T2DM treatment and further explore its potential molecular mechanisms.

Methods
Sixty male Sprague–Dawley rats were used in this study. The diabetes model was induced by 8 weeks of high-fat diet (HFD) followed by a single dose of streptozotocin injection (30 mg/kg). Subsequently, the diabetic rats were fed HFD at 28 g/day (diabetic control) or 20 g/day (30% CR regimen) for 20 weeks. Meanwhile, normal rats fed a free standard chow diet served as the vehicle control. Body mass, plasma glucose levels, and lipid profiles were monitored. After diabetes-related functional tests were performed, the rats were sacrificed at 10 and 20 weeks, and glucose uptake in fresh muscle was determined. In addition, western blotting and immunofluorescence were used to detect alterations in AKT/AS160/GLUT4 signaling.

Results
We found that 30% CR significantly attenuated hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia, leading to alleviation of glucolipotoxicity and thus protection of islet function. Insulin resistance was also markedly ameliorated, as indicated by notably improved insulin tolerance and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). However, the improvement in glucose uptake in skeletal muscle was not significant. The upregulation of AKT/AS160/GLUT4 signaling in muscle induced by 30% CR also attenuated gradually over time. Interestingly, the consecutive decrease in AKT/AS160/GLUT4 signaling in white adipose tissue was significantly reversed by 30% CR.

Conclusion
CR (30%) could protect islet function from hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia, and improve insulin resistance. The mechanism by which these effects occurred is likely related to the upregulation of AKT/AS160/GLUT4 signaling.
Artificial intelligence and robotisation in the EU - should we change OHS law?
Authors: Jarota Maciej 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundTechnological progress in the twenty-first century offers real chances for economic development of the European Union (EU). The purpose of this publication is to analyse risks and threats relating to Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) considerations in the context of scientific and technological development. The article attempts the analysis of whether current legislation of the European Union enables good protection of workers’ health in the performance of their duties using robots, artificial intelligence (AI). A feature of robotisation and AI may be new challenges in OHS protection. The analysis performed aims to determine whether threats posted by working with Artificial Intelligence are serious enough for the EU Legislator to focus on implementation of new OHS regulations.MethodsThe analysis was carried out on the basis of current legal regulations related to the protection of employee’s health in the European Union. The study used literature related to robotisation with artificial intelligence and health and safety at work in the working environment.ResultsGiven the new psychological and physical threats related to the use of AI robots, it is necessary to expand the EU legislation with general guidelines for the use of intelligent robots in the work environment. Indeed, such robots must be defined in the applicable legal framework. Employers should also define, as part of their internal regulations, the procedures for employee communication with artificial intelligence, and relevantly update their training in the OHS area.ConclusionsThe developments in AI-assisted robots come with inherent risks and threats to the working environment. New challenges create the need for adapting EU laws to changing reality. In order to structure European Union legislation on health and safety at work, these changes could be defined in a single piece of legislation covering robotics and AI after detailed analysis, dialogue, and debate.
Retention of Bovie scratch pad radio-opaque marker during VATS Pleurodesis: case report
Authors: Akras Deena , Raymond Daniel , Akhrass Rami , Murthy Sudish 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Surgical intervention for spontaneous pneumothorax typically includes mechanical pleurodesis that frequently utilizes a Bovie scratch pad given its universal presence, low cost and ease of use. The pad is folded on itself after dividing it in half, allowing easier passage through the smaller incisions.
However, unintentional foreign body retention may occur during the course of an operation leading to reoperations or even worse complications. This case is reported to raise awareness that dividing the scratch pad may allow the embedded radio-opaque marker to fall out and become retained as a foreign body.

Case presentation
The patient is a 41 year-old female who presented with shortness of breath secondary to spontaneous pneumothorax. Chest CT scan showed apical blebs. The patient underwent video assisted thorascopic surgery (VATS) with bleb resection and mechanical pleurodesis using a divided and folded bovie scratch pad. Postoperative chest x-ray showed a retained foreign body. Reoperation confirmed this to be the radio-opaque marker of the scratch pad and was removed. The patient did well and was discharged the following day.

Conclusion
Dividing the bovie scratch pad may damage and “weaken” the product allowing the radio- opaque marker to fall out during its use for pleurodesis and should be discouraged. Recommendation is made of using the scratch pad as a whole and not dividing it.

Graphical abstract
Retained radio-opaque marker of bovie scratch pad during VATS mechanical pleurodesis.
Frequency and phenotypic characteristics of RPE65 mutations in the Chinese population
Authors: Gao Feng-Juan , Wang Dan-Dan , Li Jian-Kang , Hu Fang-Yuan , Xu Ping , Chen Fang , Qi Yu-He , Liu Wei , Li Wei , Zhang Sheng-Hai , Chang Qing , Xu Ge-Zhi , Wu Ji-Hong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
The retinoid isomerohydrolase RPE65 has received considerable attention worldwide since a successful clinical gene therapy was approved in 2017 as the first treatment for vision loss associated with RPE65-mediated inherited retinal disease. Identifying patients with RPE65 mutations is a prerequisite to assessing the patients’ eligibility to receive RPE65-targeted gene therapies, and it is necessary to identify individuals who are most likely to benefit from gene therapies. This study aimed to investigate the RPE65 mutations frequency in the Chinese population and to determine the genetic and clinical characteristics of these patients.

Results
Only 20 patients with RPE65 mutations were identified, and RPE65 mutations were determined to be the 14th most common among all patients with genetic diagnoses. Ten novel variants and two hotspots associated with FAP were identified. A literature review revealed that a total of 57 patients of Chinese origin were identified with pathogenic mutations in the RPE65 gene. The mean best Snellen corrected visual acuity was worse (mean 1.3 ± 1.3 LogMAR) in patients older than 20 years old than in those younger than 15 years old (0.68 ± 0.92 LogMAR). Bone spicule-like pigment deposits (BSLPs) were observed in six patients; they were older than those without BSLP and those with white-yellow dots. Genotype–phenotype analysis revealed that truncating variants seem to lead to a more severe clinical presentation, while best corrected visual acuity testing and fundus changes did not correlate with specific RPE65 variants or mutation types.

Conclusions
This study provides a detailed clinical-genetic assessment of patients with RPE65 mutations of Chinese origin. These results may help to elucidate RPE65 mutations in the Chinese population and may facilitate genetic counseling and the implementation of gene therapy in China.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Individual level and community level factors affecting exclusive breast feeding among infants under-six months in Ethiopia using multilevel analysis
Authors: Tsegaw Shambel Aychew , Dawed Yeshimebet Ali , Amsalu Erkihun Tadesse 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is the safest and healthiest option of feeding among infants in the first 6 months throughout the world. Thus, promotion of EBF is essential to prevent complex infant health problems even at the adulthood level. But majority of previous studies focused on individual level determinants of EBF by using basic regression models in localized areas. This study aims to identify individual level and community level determinants of EBF which would be helpful to design appropriate strategies in reducing infant mortality and morbidity.

Methods
It is a secondary data analysis using the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) data. A total of 1185 infants under 6 months of age were included in the analysis. Multilevel logistic regression model was employed to investigate factors significantly associated with EBF among under-six month’s infants in Ethiopia. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to measure the association of variables whereas Intra cluster correlation (ICC), median odds ratio (MOR), and proportional change in variance (PCV) were used to measure random effects (variation).

Result
In multilevel logistic regression; 4–5 months age infant (AOR = 0.04, 95%CI:0.02–0.07), female infants (AOR = 2.51, 95%CI:1.61–3.91), infant comorbidities (AOR = 0.35, 95%CI: 0.21–0.57), household wealth index (AOR = 10.34, 95%CI: 3.14–34.03) and antenatal care (AOR = 2.25, 95%CI:1.32–3.82) were determinants of EBF at individual level. Whereas, contextual region (AOR = 0.30, 95% CI: 0.10–0.87), community level of postnatal visit (AOR = 2.77, 95% CI: 1.26–6.58) and community level of maternal employment (AOR = 2.8, 95% CI: 1.21–6.47) were determinants of EBF at community level. The full model showed up with higher PCV; that is, 46.8% of variation of exclusive breastfeeding was explained by the combined factors at the individual and community levels. Similarly, it showed that the variation in EBF across communities remained statistically significant (ICC = 8.77% and variance = 0.32 with P < 0.001). The MOR at final model indicates there was significant cluster difference for EBF indicating the heterogeneity was explained by both individual and community level factors.

Conclusion and recommendation
Our study showed that both individual and community level determinants were significantly associated with EBF practice. Based on our findings it is strongly recommended to promote and enhance antenatal and postnatal care services utilization of mothers and more emphasis should be given for infants with comorbid conditions and those who live in the pastoralist regions.
The role of sex and gender in the selection of Alzheimer patients for clinical trial pre-screening
Authors: Rosende-Roca Maitee , Abdelnour Carla , Esteban Ester , Tartari Juan Pablo , Alarcon Emilio , Martínez-Atienza Juliana , González-Pérez Antonio , Sáez María E. , Lafuente Asunción , Buendía Mar , Pancho Ana , Aguilera Nuria , Ibarria Marta , Diego Susana , Jofresa Sara , Hernández Isabel , López Rogelio , Gurruchaga Miren Jone , Tárraga Lluís , Valero Sergi , Ruiz Agustín , Marquié Marta , Boada Mercè 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Alzheimer disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting the elderly with a prevalence of 7.1% in women and 3.3% in men. Sex-related patterns have been reported in prognosis, biomarker status, and risk factors. Despite this, the interaction of sex has received limited attention, with AD trials persistently recruiting lower numbers of women than the population distribution and a lack of information on the sex-disaggregated effects of anti-dementia therapies. This is the first study aiming to identify the role of sex in the selection for screening in AD clinical trials.

Methods
This cross-sectional study provides a comprehensive analysis of screening eligibility according to a set of pre-selection criteria currently applied at Fundació ACE memory clinic for a more efficient trial screening process. A cohort of 6667 women and 2926 men diagnosed with AD dementia (55%) or mild cognitive impairment (45%) was analyzed. We also assessed the frequencies of men and women effectively screened for trial enrolment over a period of 10 years. Additionally, data from AddNeuroMed study was used to explore trends in eligibility based on the education criteria.

Results
Women showed a significantly lower chance of being eligible for screening than men (OR = 1.26; p < 0.01). This imbalance was confirmed by a lower frequency of women screened for enrolment compared to the study population (63.0% vs. 69.5%). Education was revealed as the key criterion contributing to this unbalance, with men showing over twice the chance of being screened compared with women (OR = 2.25, p < 0.01). Education-based differences were greater in earlier born patients, but the gap narrowed and achieved balance with increasing year of birth. This observation was replicated using data from other European populations included in AddNeuroMed study. Comorbidity was the most limiting criterion with sex differences in frequencies and significant discrimination against the selection of men (OR = 0.86, p < 0.01).

Conclusions
The large number of low-educated elderly women with AD demands for a sex-focused approach in clinical research. New assessment tools insensitive to education level should be developed to enable a proportional representation of women. Although this gender education gap is mostly inexistent in developed countries, economic or cultural factors may lead to different scenarios in other regions. Overlooking the impact of sex may lead to a handicap in AD research with a direct adverse impact on women’s health.
MYOD1 inhibits avian adipocyte differentiation via miRNA-206/KLF4 axis
Authors: Wang Zheng , Zhao Qiangsen , Li Xiaoqin , Yin Zhongtao , Chen Sirui , Wu Sen , Yang Ning , Hou Zhuocheng 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
A considerable number of muscle development-related genes were differentially expressed in the early stage of avian adipocyte differentiation. However, the functions of them in adipocyte differentiation remain largely known. In this study, the myoblast determination protein 1 (MYOD1) was selected as a representative of muscle development. We investigated its expression, function, and regulation in avian adipocyte differentiation.

Results
The expression of MYOD1 decreased significantly in the early stage of avian adipocyte differentiation. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletion of MYOD1 induced adipocyte differentiation, whereas over-expression of MYOD1 inhibited adipogenesis. The mRNA-seq data showed that MYOD1 could perturb the lipid biosynthetic process during differentiation. Our results showed that MYOD1 directly up-regulates the miR-206 expression by binding the upstream 1200 bp region of miR-206. Then, over-expression of miR-206 can inhibit the adipogenesis. Furthermore, MYOD1 affected the expression of endogenous miR-206 and its target gene Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4), which is an important activator of adipogenesis. Accordingly, the inhibition of miR-206 or over-expression of KLF4 could counteract the inhibitory effect of MYOD1 on adipocyte differentiation.

Conclusions
Our results establish that MYOD1 inhibits adipocyte differentiation by up-regulating miR-206 to suppress the KLF4 expression. These findings identify a novel function of MYOD1 in adipocyte differentiation, suggesting a potential role in body-fat distribution regulation.
Convergence of the turkey gut microbiota following cohabitation under commercial settings
Authors: Miller Elizabeth A. , Winfield Brittanie , Weber Bonnie P. , Flores-Figueroa Cristian , Munoz-Aguayo Jeannette , Huisinga Jared , Johnson Timothy J. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Microbiota development is a critical aspect of turkey poult maturation, and the succession of microbes in the turkey gut has been shown to correlate with poult performance. The purpose of this study was to determine the fate of the microbiota in turkey poults after movement of birds first raised in an isolated hatch brood system into a more traditional commercial brood facility with pre-existing birds. Turkey poults were first divided into groups raised in conventional brood pens from day-of-hatch and those raised in an experimental hatch brood system. After 11 days of growth, hatch brood birds were moved into pens within the conventional brood barn and monitored for an additional 18 days. Sampling of both hatch brood and conventional pen birds was performed at multiple timepoints throughout the study, and cecal content was used to analyze the bacterial microbiota using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing.

Results
Alpha diversity tended to be higher in samples from conventional pen birds compared to those from hatch brood birds prior to the day 11 move, but the difference between systems was not observed post-move. Using beta diversity metrics, bacterial community succession appeared delayed in the hatch brood system birds pre-move, but post-move community composition quickly converged with that of the conventional pen birds. This was validated through assessment of significantly different genera between hatch brood system and conventional pen birds, where numbers of significantly different taxa quickly decreased following the move. Some key taxa previously associated with poult performance were delayed in their appearance and relative abundance in hatch brood birds.

Conclusions
Overall, this study demonstrates that the use of isolated hatch brood systems has an impact on the poult gut microbiota, but its impact is resolved quickly once the birds are introduced into a conventional brood environment. Therefore, the benefits of pathogen reduction with hatch brood systems may outweigh negative microbiota impacts due to isolation.
Seismic characterization of CO2 storage driven by time-lapse images of a prior injection using the artificial neural network
Authors: Aldakheel Mohammed , Pevzner Roman , Gurevich Boris , Glubokovskikh Stanislav 
Published: May 2021

To optimize geologic CO2 storage and ensure its safety, it is necessary to demonstrate conformance between the reservoir simulations and geophysical monitoring such as time-lapse (TL) seismic. This process, known as history matching, often relies on subjective judgment and intuition of a reservoir modeling team because a direct examination of the multitude of plausible geologic scenarios is prohibitively expensive. The artificial neural network (ANN) aims to reconstruct the observed plume based on a set of seismic attribute maps. Via a randomized test, the trained model then provides an estimate of the importance of each attribute according to the attribute’s contribution to the accuracy of the plume prediction. This same test is also used to identify specific geologic controls for each part of the CO2 plume. The developed ANN is then used to forecast a CO2 plume that will likely arise from a future injection into the same formation 700 m away from the previous injection. The predicted map of the probability of the occurrence of CO2 after the future injection looks reasonable and agrees with existing reservoir simulations. At the same time, the neural network predicts some potential risks (e.g., across the fault migration) that were not considered in the fluid flow simulations. Although the neural network cannot fully replace high-fidelity fluid flow simulations, it can highlight geologic and petrophysical scenarios that should be simulated. Hence, our workflow may significantly improve the efficiency and accuracy of manual history matching.