bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Quantification of Acceleration Events in Elite Team Sport: a Systematic Review
Authors: Delves Robert I. M. , Aughey Robert J. , Ball Kevin , Duthie Grant M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Wearable tracking devices are commonly utilised to quantify the external acceleration load of team sport athletes during training and competition. The ability to accelerate is an important attribute for athletes in many team sports. However, there are many different acceleration metrics that exist in team sport research. This review aimed to provide researchers and practitioners with a clear reporting framework on acceleration variables by outlining the different metrics and calculation processes that have been adopted to quantify acceleration loads in team sport research.

Methods
A systematic review of three electronic databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus), was performed to identify peer-reviewed studies that published external acceleration load in elite team sports during training and/or competition. Articles published between January 2010 and April 2020 were identified using Boolean search phrases in relation to team sports (population), acceleration/deceleration (comparators), and competition and/or training (outcome). The included studies were required to present external acceleration and/or deceleration load (of any magnitude) from able-bodied athletes (mean age ≥ 18 years) via wearable technologies.

Results
A total of 124 research articles qualified for inclusion. In total, 113/124 studies utilised GPS/GNSS technology to outline the external acceleration load of athletes. Count-based metrics of acceleration were predominant of all metrics in this review (72%). There was a lack of information surrounding the calculation process of acceleration with 13% of studies specifying the filter used in the processing of athlete data, whilst 32% outlined the minimum effort duration (MED). Markers of GPS/GNSS data quality, including horizontal dilution of precision (HDOP) and the average number of satellites connected, were outlined in 24% and 27% of studies respectively.

Conclusions
Team sport research has predominantly quantified external acceleration load in training and competition with count-based metrics. Despite the influence of data filtering processes and MEDs upon acceleration, this information is largely omitted from team sport research. Future research that outlines acceleration load should present filtering processes, MEDs, HDOP, and the number of connected satellites. For GPS/GNSS systems, satellite planning tools should document evidence of available satellites for data collection to analyse tracking device performance. The development of a consistent acceleration filtering method should be established to promote consistency in the research of external athlete acceleration loads.
Lasting effects of prenatal exposure to Cannabis in the retina of the offspring: an experimental study in mice
Authors: Zantut Paulo Roberto Arruda , Veras Mariana Matera , Benevenutto Sarah Gomes Menezes , Safatle Angélica Mendonça Vaz , Pecora Ricardo Augusto , Yariwake Victor Yuji , Torres Janaina Iannicelli , Sakuno Gustavo , Martins Marco Antonio Garcia , Bolzan Aline Adriana , Takahashi Walter Yukihiko , Saldiva Paulo Hilario Nascimento , Damico Francisco Max 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Prenatal exposure to Cannabis is a worldwide growing problem. Although retina is part of the central nervous system, the impact of maternal Cannabis use on the retinal development and its postnatal consequences remains unknown. As the prenatal period is potentially sensitive in the normal development of the retina, we hypothesized that recreational use of Cannabis during pregnancy may alter retina structure in the offspring. To test this, we developed a murine model that mimics human exposure in terms of dose and use.

Methods
Pregnant BalbC mice were exposed daily for 5 min to Cannabis smoke (0.2 g of Cannabis) or filtered air, from gestational day 5 to 18 (N = 10/group). After weaning period, pups were separated and examined weekly. On days 60, 120, 200, and 360 after birth, 10 pups from each group were randomly selected for Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT) analysis of the retina. All retina layers were measured and inner, outer, and total retina thickness were calculated. Other 37 mice from both groups were sacrificed on days 20, 60, and 360 for retinal stereology (total volume of the retina and volume fraction of each retinal layer) and light microscopy. Means and standard deviations were calculated and MANOVA was performed.

Results
The retina of animals which mother was exposed to Cannabis during gestation was 17% thinner on day 120 (young adult) than controls (P = 0.003) due to 21% thinning of the outer retina (P = 0.001). The offspring of mice from the exposed group presented thickening of the IS/OS in comparison to controls on day 200 (P < 0.001). In the volumetric analyzes by retinal stereology, the exposed mice presented transitory increase of the IS/OS total volume and volume fraction on day 60 (young adult) compared to controls (P = 0.008 and P = 0.035, respectively). On light microscopy, exposed mice presented thickening of the IS/OS on day 360 (adult) compared to controls (P = 0.03).

Conclusion
Gestational exposure to Cannabis smoke may cause structural changes in the retina of the offspring that return to normal on mice adulthood. These experimental evidences suggest that children and young adults whose mothers smoked Cannabis during pregnancy may require earlier and more frequent clinical care than the non-exposed population.
Surgical management of tentorial meningiomas: case series
Authors: Soffar Hussein Mohammed , El Shimy Mohamed Mohsen , Al-Shami Hieder , Salah Ahmed M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere are several surgical strategies involved in the treatment of patients with tentorial meningioma, and choosing the most appropriate one is not straight forward. Our study aims to illustrate our experience in the management of tentorial meningiomata at our center.ResultsThis study included 32 patients with tentorial meningiomas, operated upon, with assessment of the extent of resection and the Glasgow outcome score (GOS). The mean age at the time of surgery for the studied group was 48.4 years ranging from 20 to 70 years. Total removal was considered as Simpson grade I or II and was achieved in 26 cases (81.25%). Subtotal removal was considered as Simpson grade III or IV and was achieved in 6 cases (18.75%). The final Glasgow outcome score (GOS) for all cases was GOS 1 in 4 cases (12.5%), GOS 4 in 9 cases (28.2%), and GOS 5 in 19 cases (59.3%).ConclusionTentorial meningiomas can be very challenging during surgery due to their proximity to vital structures. Subtotal resection should be considered when total removal can be hazardous to the patient or result in severe morbidity.
Study of cognitive impairment and genetic polymorphism of SLC41A1 (rs11240569 allele) in Parkinson’s disease in Upper Egypt: case-control study
Authors: El-Tallawy Hamdy N. , Saleem Tahia H. , Farghaly Wafaa M. , Eldien Heba Mohamed Saad , Khodaery Ashraf , Sayed Sherif A. , Helaly Ahmed A. , Elnady Hassan Mohammed 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Parkinson’s disease is one of the neurodegenerative disorders that is caused by genetic and environmental factors or interaction between them. Solute carrier family 41 member 1 within the PARK16 locus has been reported to be associated with Parkinson’s disease. Cognitive impairment is one of the non-motor symptoms that is considered a challenge in Parkinson’s disease patients. This study aimed to investigate the association of rs11240569 polymorphism; a synonymous coding variant in SLC41A1 in Parkinson’s disease patients in addition to the assessment of cognitive impairment in those patients.

Results
In a case -control study, rs11240569 single nucleotide polymorphisms in SLC41A1, genes were genotyped in 48 Parkinson’s disease patients and 48 controls. Motor and non-motor performance in Parkinson's disease patients were assessed by using the Movement Disorder Society-Sponsored Revision of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS). The genotype and allele frequencies were compared between the two groups and revealed no significant differences between case and control groups for rs11240569 in SLC41A1 gene with P value .523 and .54, respectively. Cognition was evaluated and showed the mean ± standard deviation (SD) of WAIS score of PD patients 80.4 ± 9.13 and the range was from 61 to 105, in addition to MMSE that showed mean ± SD 21.96 ± 3.8.

Conclusion
Genetic testing of the present study showed that rs11240569 polymorphism of SLC41A1 gene has no significant differences in distributions of alleles and genotypes between cases and control group, in addition to cognitive impairment that is present in a large proportion of PD patients and in addition to the strong correlation between cognitive impairment and motor and non-motor symptoms progression.
Impact of depression on quality of life in systemic lupus erythematosus patients
Authors: Khedr Eman M. , Gamal Rania M. , Rashad Sounia M. , Yacoub Mary , Ahmed Gellan K. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Depression is common in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and is an unmeasured risk factor, yet its symptoms can be neglected in standard disease evaluations. The purpose of this study was to assess the frequency and the impact of depression on quality of life in SLE patients. We recruited 32 patients with SLE and 15 healthy control volunteers in the study. The following investigations were undertaken in each patient: clinical and rheumatologic assessment, SLE Disease Activity Index-2k (SLEDAI-2k), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) questionnaire, and routine laboratory tests.

Results
There was a high percentage of depression (46.9%) in the SLE patients. Regarding quality of life (SF-36), there were significant affection of the physical and mental composite summary domains (PCS and MCS) scores in lupus patients compared with controls (P < 0.000 for both) with the same significant in depressed compared with non-depressed patients. SF-36 subscales (physical function, limit emotional, emotional wellbeing, and social function) were significantly affected in depressed lupus patients compared with non-depressed patients. There was a significant negative correlation between the score of MCS domain of SF-36 with BDI (P < 0.000) while positive correlation between SLEDAI score with depression score. In contrast, there were no significant correlations between MCS or PCS with age, duration of illness, or SLEDAI-2K.

Conclusions
Depression is common in SLE patients and had a negative impact on quality of life particularly on MCS domain and positive correlation with disease severity score.

Trial registration
This study was registered on clinical trial with registration number: NCT03165682 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03165682 on 24 May 2017.
Participating in the scientific publication process: exploring how pre-college students perceive publication within the scientific enterprise
Authors: Fankhauser Sarah C. , Reid Gwendolynne , Mirzoyan Gwendolyn , Meaders Clara , Ho-Shing Olivia 
Published: June 2021

AbstractScientists spend a substantial amount of their time engaging with the primary literature: reading, constructing, reviewing and revising it. Yet, the role of primary literature is generally absent from the development of scientific inquiry skills in the pre-college science classroom, thus undermining a true understanding of what it means to do science. In this study, we examined middle and high school student perceptions of scientific inquiry and the role of disciplinary literacy practices after engaging in scientific review and publication of their research papers. We interviewed twelve students who published their papers in the Journal of Emerging Investigators, a science journal dedicated to publishing the research of middle and high school students. Students acknowledged the important roles that effective communication, scientific review, and revision played in their research projects. Further, after engaging with professional scientists through the scientific review process, students expressed increased confidence and belonging as a scientist. However, students primarily viewed the writing and publication processes as personal endpoints for their projects rather than an integral part of all stages of scientific inquiry and knowledge construction. If students are to develop an understanding of how reading, writing, and peer-review are critical pieces of doing science, then our work suggests that disciplinary literacy practices should be explicitly discussed and included in all parts of the research process. While not all students will be motivated to publish their research, our work has important implications for integrating disciplinary literacy practices into student scientific inquiry.
A clinical case series of COVID-19-associated acute limb ischemia: real-world situation
Authors: Surya Steven Philip , Santoso Rony Marethianto 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
COVID-19 was a trending topic all year long in 2020. Currently, it is not only a problem for a pulmonologist since it could cause complications to many other organs, including the cardiovascular system. Recent acute COVID-19 infection state has been associated with hypercoagulation and causing microthrombi called immunothrombus. Acute limb ischemia is one of the rare complications but organ-threatening. Unfortunately, unlike coronary artery disease, there is no recent guideline for cardiologists to diagnose and manage acute limb ischemia in pandemic situations

Case presentation
This case series presented two patients with acute limb injury (ALI)-complicating COVID-19, with chief complaints of pain at their lower extremity. The first patient was an 80-year-old woman who was just dismissed from the hospital due to COVID-19. The distal part of her toe was cyanosed, and her motoric and sensory functions were partially reduced. She was treated with oral drug therapy due to unwillingness to be hospitalized. Interestingly, she had recovered by using oral drug therapy. The second case was a 54-years-old female with several comorbidities such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. She had cyanosed foot and weak arterial pulsation. Unfortunately, she passed away due to acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Conclusion
Several internal and external factors cause ALI treatment to be more challenging in the pandemic COVID-19 situation. The diagnosis and management of ALI in COVID-19 patients may not fully comply with the current guideline and are likely to be affected by local hospital regulations. Clinical follow-up might be an essential feature in treating ALI in COVID-19 patients.
Development and validation of HPLC method for the quantification of clotrimazole in a gelatin film formulation
Authors: Kalshetti Surekha , Rao K. P. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Clotrimazole is used to treat topical vaginal yeast infections. Vaginal gelatin film formulations of clotrimazole were prepared, and the present study aims to develop an HPLC method for quantifying clotrimazole in the film formulation.

Results
The chromatographic separation of components was achieved on a Phenomenex Luna C18(2) (150 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) stationary phase with Phenomenex Security Guard Cartridge C18 (4 × 3 mm) using acetonitrile and water (70:30% v/v) as mobile phase. The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min and the absorbance was monitored at 210 nm. Clotrimazole was eluted at 5.6 min. The procedures and capabilities of the method were evaluated against the criteria for system suitability, specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, and robustness as defined by the ICH guidelines. The method showed good linearity (R2 = 0.999) in the range of 10–50 μg/ml and an average recovery of 101.05%.

Conclusion
The method could be applied for the quantification of clotrimazole in the gelatin film formulation.
Growth, infection and aggressiveness of Phytophthora pathogens on Rhododendron leaves
Authors: Taylor Clare R. , Grünwald Niklaus J. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Phytophthora species are well known as important or emerging pathogens. The genus Rhododendron is of considerable importance to plant regulatory agencies because it is host to many Phytophthora species, most notably, P. ramorum and P. kernoviae. Few studies have directly contrasted the epidemiology of different Phytophthora spp. on a given host.

Methods
We investigated aspects of the foliar epidemiology (lesion size, sporulation and temperature responses) of P. cactorum, P. cambivora, P. cinnamomi, P. citrophthora, P. foliorum, P. kernoviae, P. lateralis, P. nemorosa, P. nicotianae, P. plurivora, P. ramorum and P. syringae on Rhododendron in detached leaf, whole plant chamber, and field studies.

Results
P. syringae stood out as it appeared to be a relatively weak pathogen, showing no sporulation and low levels of disease severity, except at low temperatures. P. nicotianae was consistently able to grow at higher temperatures than any of the other Phytophthora spp. and showed higher aggressiveness than any of the other species at high temperatures. P. cinnamomi and P. cactorum, typically thought of as root-infecting species, were able to cause as much foliar disease as P. syringae, a foliar pathogen. P. kernoviae was consistently among the most aggressive species with the highest sporulation.

Conclusion
These results provide novel insights into the comparative epidemiology of these important established and emerging Phytophthora species.
Study protocol: The clinical features, epidemiology, and causes of paediatric encephalitis in southern Vietnam
Authors: Huong Nguyen Hoang Thien , Toan Nguyen Duc , Quy Du Tuan , Khanh Truong Huu , Thinh Le Quoc , Nhan Le Nguyen Thanh , Minh Ngo Ngoc Quang , Turner Hugo , Thwaites Louise , Irani Sarosh , Hung Nguyen Thanh , Tan Le Van 
Published: June 2021

Encephalitis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The clinical syndrome of encephalitis consists of altered mental status, seizures, neurologic signs, and is often accompanied by fever, headache, nausea, and vomiting. The encephalitis in children has been known that more common than in adult, with the incidence rate of infants was 3.9 times higher than that of people 20-44 years of age. The reported incidence of hospitalization attributed to paediatric encephalitis ranged from 3 to 13 admissions per 100,000 children per year with the overall mortality ranging from 0 to 7%. There are however more than 100 pathogens that can cause encephalitis and accurate diagnosis is challenging. Over 50% of patients with encephalitis are left undiagnosed despite extensive laboratory investigations. Furthermore, recent studies in high-income settings have suggested autoimmune encephalitis has now surpassed infectious aetiologies, mainly due to increased awareness and diagnostic capacity, which further challenges routine diagnosis and clinical management, especially in developing countries. There are limited contemporary data on the causes of encephalitis in children in Vietnam. Improving our knowledge of the causative agents of encephalitis in this resource-constrained setting remains critical to informing case management, resource distribution and vaccination strategy. Therefore, we conduct a prospective observational study to characterise the clinical, microbiological, and epidemiological features of encephalitis in a major children’s hospital in southern Vietnam. Admission clinical samples will be collected alongside meta clinical data and from each study participants. A combination of classical assays (serology and PCR) and metagenomic next-generation sequencing will used to identify the causative agents. Undiagnosed patients with clinical presentations compatible with autoimmune encephalitis will then be tested for common forms of the disease. Finally, using direct- and indirect costs, we will estimate the economic burden of hospitalization and seven days post hospital discharge of paediatric encephalitis in our setting.
A Deep Ravine Rather Than a Shallow Gap: Many More Bridges Needed to Improve Care of Chronic Hepatitis B in the United States
Authors: Schaefer Esperance A. K. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In the United States, improved screening of those who are at highest risk of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) has been a major focus of public health efforts, as has facilitating access to care for those with chronic infection. Despite this, data suggest that less than half of those at risk are tested, and another minority of those who harbor chronic infection receive longitudinal care for the disease. In this study by Tran et al., the authors find that even among those being treated for CHB, a vast minority receive basic testing and screening for staging and complications of CHB.
estatuto discursivo-dialógico da "live de interesse público"
Authors: Amaral Marcos , Costa Gonçalves João Batista , Lopes Freire Janaina Lisboa 
Published: June 2021

Neste artigo, problematizamos que a Live se constitui especialmente como respostas a demandas sociais que surgem a partir do contexto da pandemia de covid-19 e permitem que expectativas históricas de diversas esferas discursivas sejam oportunizadas. Apoiando-nos, sobretudo, na noção de gênero do discurso de Bakhtin (2011), examinaremos a Live “Estratégias de proteção e monitoramento fora do ambiente físico escolar”, promovida pela Polícia Civil do Paraná (PCPR), ressaltando, a partir dela, características que podem orientar a compreensão da Live enquanto um gênero discursivo que se fortalece no contexto da pandemia. Consideramos que, para esta discussão, é preciso investigar de que forma a constituição dos gêneros está associada às transformações das relações sociais concretas; e como os elementos discursivos que singularizam sua produção, circulação e recepção se estabelecem. A partir disso, tematizamos peculiaridades que desencadeiam elos discursivos relacionados ao contexto histórico, a esferas, a instituições, a sujeitos envolvidos, às práticas orquestradas, às tecnologias e a meios de comunicação utilizados e às lutas sociais, assumidas ou silenciadas (“estrategicamente” ou não) que envolvem o gênero Live. Enfim, destacamos que a junção de todos esses elementos singulariza o estatuto discursivo-dialógico da Live, que ganhou estabilidade no contexto pandêmico.