bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conformational Control of a Metallo‐Supramolecular Cage via the Dissymmetrical Modulation of Ligands
Authors: Yu Hao , Li Jiaqi , Shan Chuan , Lu Tong , Jiang Xin , Shi Junjuan , Wojtas Lukasz , Zhang Houyu , Wang Ming 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn nature as well as life systems, the presence of asymmetrical and dissymmetrical structures with specific functions is extremely common. However, the construction of metallo‐supramolecular assemblies based on dissymmetrical ligands still remains a considerable challenge for avoiding the generation of unexpected isomers with similar thermodynamic stabilities, especially for three‐dimensional supramolecular structures. In this study, a strategy for the conformational control of metallo‐supramolecular cages via the enhancement of ligand dissymmetry was proposed. Four dissymmetrical ditopic ligands were designed and synthesized. By increasing the dissymmetry of length or angle, conformations of assemblies were precisely controlled to form discrete cis‐PdnL2n molecular cages.
Pharmaco‐metabolomics opportunities in drug development and clinical research
Authors: Phapale Prasad 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPharmaco‐metabolomics uses metabolic phenotypes for the prediction of inter‐individual variations in drug response and helps in understanding the mechanisms of drug action. The field has made significant progress over the last 14 years with numerous studies providing clinical evidence for personalised medicine. However, discovered pharmaco‐metabolomic biomarkers are not yet translated into clinics due to a lack of large‐scale validation. Integration of targeted and untargeted metabolomics workflows into pharmacokinetic analysis and drug development can advance the field from bench to bedside. Also, Indian pharmaceutical research and its bioanalytical infrastructure are in a position to take on these opportunities by addressing challenges such as appropriate training and regulatory compliance.
A water‐soluble micropatterned MoS2 quantum dots/polyvinyl alcohol film as a transient contact (pressure) and non‐contact (humidity) as touch and proximity sensor
Authors: Bokka Naveen , Khush Mahendrakumar Gohel , Sahatiya Parikshit 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWater‐soluble electronics have become increasingly popular due to their potential applications in various fields such as biodegradable and wearable‐stretchable electronics. Flexible polymers such as polydimethylsiloxane are hydrophobic. Hence, water‐soluble polymers like polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) have been extensively utilized as substrates for water‐soluble electronics. However, the patterning of the PVA has never been achieved to enhance the sensing capabilities for such devices. Herein we report for the first time the micro‐pyramid patterning of PVA film embedded with MoS2 quantum dots (QDs) for improved pressure‐sensing capabilities. The fabricated sensor displayed superior sensitivity of 1.44 kPa−1 compared to the sensitivity of 0.51 kPa−1 unpatterned PVA films. This enhanced performance can be attributed to the easier transport of the charge carriers from QD‐PVA‐QD film and the decrement in the tunneling resistance between adjacent MoS2 QDs due to localized stress on the micropattern. Further, the fabricated sensor was tested for real‐time application as a touch sensor in both contact (pressure) and noncontact mode (humidity), which finds potential application in security and personal healthcare, and so forth. The fabricated film is subjected to ~1200 stimulus cycles to manifest good reproducibility of sensor responses. Moreover, the device dissolves in water within ~300 s exhibiting magnificent transient behavior.
The first evidence of pituitary gland tumor in ground sloth Valgipes bucklandi Lund, 1839
Authors: do Amaral Roberta Veronese , Carvalho Luciana Barbosa De , Azevedo Sergio Alex Kugland De , Delcourt Rafael 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBone diseases are commonly found in the fossil record, especially in mammals of the Pleistocene megafauna, which exhibit signs of overload in the articulations. However, pathologies that affect soft tissues are not usually reported, even due to the nature of fossilization that rarely preserves such materials. In paleoneurological research using CT scan and three‐dimensional reconstructions of Pleistocene sloths, an anomaly is discovered in the space that houses the pituitary gland, the sella turcica. The tomographic analysis of a Valgipes bucklandi skull revealed a great enlargement at the sella turcica, at the medial region in the body of the basisphenoid bone. The images delimit an enlarged dorsal–ventral projection, measuring approximately 15 mm height, at the tridimensional reconstructed endocranium. Taphonomic processes, such as the action of necrophagous agents, were discarded due to the shape and conditions of the structure, which also showed signs of bone remodeling. Thus, it is possible to affirm that a paleopathological process altered the size of the pituitary gland of the specimen MCT 3993‐M, being probably a pituitary tumor.
Time delay compensation control using a Taylor series compound robust scheme for a semi‐active suspension with magneto rheological damper
Authors: Wang Jun‐Cheng , Lv Lin‐Feng , Ren Jie‐Yu , Chen Shi‐An 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTime delay significantly degrades the control performances of semi‐active magneto rheological damper. However, the robust control approaches combined with the Taylor series are difficult to perform time delay compensation because it has strict application conditions. In this study, two Taylor series compound robust control schemes are presented to address the robust control and time delay compensation problems for the semi‐active magneto rheological damper with time delay. The formulation of a quarter vehicle model with a magneto rheological damper is described by a hyperbolic tangent model. Given the mechanical characteristics, an experimental test was conducted to fit the hyperbolic tangent model parameters. As a prototype, the Taylor series‐H2/H∞ control approach is proposed through establishing a first‐order Taylor series‐delay equation in augmented state equation and using the H2/H∞ norms to constrain the predictive control force. Moreover, the Taylor series‐H2/H2 controller is proposed to reduce the conservatism and suppress the predictive control force amplification. Simulation results corroborate the efficacy of both control strategies. Specifically, compared with the Taylor series‐H2/H∞ control, the Taylor series‐H2/H2 control can obtain a better control effect for time delay compensation.
The impact of COVID‐19 on the mental health and wellbeing of caregivers of autistic children and youth: A scoping review
Authors: Lee Vivian , Albaum Carly , Tablon Modica Paula , Ahmad Farah , Gorter Jan Willem , Khanlou Nazilla , McMorris Carly , Lai Jonathan , Harrison Cindy , Hedley Teresa , Johnston Pari , Putterman Connie , Spoelstra Margaret , Weiss Jonathan A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCaregivers and families of autistic people have experienced stress and increase in demands due to the COVID‐19 pandemic that may have long‐term negative consequences for both their own and their children's mental health. A scoping review was conducted to identify pandemic related demands experienced by caregivers and families of autistic children and youth. The review also consolidated information on coping strategies and parenting‐related guidelines that have emerged to help parents meet these demands. Search strategies were approved by a research librarian and were conducted in peer‐reviewed and gray literature databases between May 2020 and February 2021. Additional resources were solicited through author networks and social media. All articles were published between December 2019 and February 2021. Article summaries were charted, and a thematic analysis was conducted with confirmation of findings with our knowledge users. Twenty‐three published articles and 14 pieces of gray literature were included in the review. The majority of articles characterized and highlighted the increase in demands on caregivers of autistic children and youth during the pandemic globally. Both quantitative and qualitative studies suggest that parents have experienced an increase in stress and mental health‐related symptoms during lockdown measures. Findings suggest that families are employing coping strategies, but there no evidence‐based supports were identified. The review highlighted the potential long‐term impact of prolonged exposure to increasing demands on the mental health and wellbeing of caregivers and families of autistic people, and pointed to a need for the rapid development and evaluation of flexible and timely support programs.Lay SummaryCaregivers and families of autistic children and youth have faced increased demands due to pandemic‐related lockdown measures. We reviewed the literature to outline sources of stress, links to their influence on caregiver mental health, and if support programs have emerged to help them. Our findings suggest a number of demands have increased caregivers' risk to mental health challenges, and their potential impact on family wellbeing. Ongoing development of evidence‐based supports of all families of autistic children and youth are needed.
Kinetic model of a newly‐isolated Lysinibacillus sp. strain YL and elastic properties of its biogenic CaCO3 towards biocement application
Authors: Ekprasert Jindarat , Pongtharangkul Thunyarat , Chainakun Poemwai , Fongkaew Ittipon , Khanthasombat Kamonwan , Kamngam Rungtiwa , Boonsuan Wachiraya , Ditta Zerlinda Mara , Seemakram Wasan , Boonlue Sophon 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundBiocement, calcifying bacteria‐incorporated cement, offers an environmentally‐friendly way to increase the cement lifespan. This work aimed to investigate the potential use of Lysinibacillus sp. strain YL towards biocement application in both theoretical and experimental ways.Methods and resultsStrain YL was grown using calcium acetate (Ca(C2H3O2)2), calcium chloride (CaCl2) and calcium nitrate (Ca(NO3)2). Maximum bacterial growth of ~0.09 hr‐1 and the highest amount of CaCO3 precipitation of ~8.0 g/L were obtained when using Ca(C2H3O2)2. The SEM and XRD results confirmed that biogenic CaCO3 were calcites. The bulk, Young’s and shear moduli of biogenic CaCO3 calculated via the VRH approximation were ~1.5‐2.3 times larger than those of ordinary Portland cement. The Poisson’s ratio was 0.382 and negative in some directions, suggesting its ductility and auxetic behaviors. The new model was developed to explain the growth kinetic of strain YL in the presence of Ca(C2H3O2)2, whose concentration was optimized for biocement experiments. Strain YL could increase the compressive strength of cement up to ~50% higher than that of the uninoculated cement.ConclusionStrain YL is a promising candidate for biocement applications. This work represents the trials of experiments and models allowing quantitatively comparison with large‐scale production in the future.
Single in‐line biomass probe detects CHO cell growth by capacitance and bacterial contamination by conductivity in bioreactor
Authors: Morris Caitlin , Madhavarao Chikkathur N. , Yoon Seongkyu , Ashraf Muhammad 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundReal time process data facilitates timely decisions, enables better process control, and can increase quality assurance. Biological drugs (mol. Wt. ≥ 40 kDa) are manufactured using mammalian cells such as Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells in bioreactors and have significant risks of contamination during processing. In such processes, in‐line monitoring of biomass can provide real‐time cell growth profiles and indications of bioreactor health.MethodsAn in‐line conductivity/capacitance probe (Aber Instruments, Aberystwyth, UK) for monitoring CHO cell growth during fed batch cultures for producing an IgG1 monoclonal antibody was employed. Cell growth was measured in real‐time using the capacitance probe (pF cm−1) while being compared with off‐line measurements using a metabolic analyzer (Nova Biomedical, Waltham, MA, USA). Conductivity measurements (mS cm−1) detected variations in the solute concentrations in the bioreactor due to nutrient feed, bicarbonate buffer, and cellular metabolism by‐products.Results and conclusionAbnormal increases in conductivity were found to consistently correspond to bacterial contamination, which was confirmed by orthogonal methods. The contaminated bioreactor runs exhibited sharp increases in conductivity rates hours before dissolved oxygen levels precipitously decreased due to bacterial growth. It is proposed that in‐line measurement of conductivity could be employed for early detection of bacterial contaminations. The probe may be adopted in pharmaceutical aseptic aqueous liquid handling processes.
Synthesis and analysis of thermally degradable polybutadiene containing Diels–Alder adduct
Authors: Chang Sanghoon , Kim Yongkyun , Park Haneul , Park Kwangyong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe thermoreversible Diels–Alder reaction, a type of stimuli‐responsive reversible organic reaction, is attractive because its direction can be easily controlled. In this study, the cross‐linked Diels–Alder adduct‐containing polybutadiene (DAPBD) was synthesized by the SN2 reaction of bromine‐terminated polybutadiene with a furan‐bismaleimide Diels–Alder adduct, and their thermodegradable behavior was analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis. DAPBD was dissociated by the retro‐Diels–Alder reaction and dissolved in chlorobenzene at 132 °C to generate furan‐terminated polybutadiene (FTPB) and bismaleimide that were identified by 1H NMR spectroscopy. This synthetic method using premade Diels–Alder adducts is expected to enhance the thermoreversibility of the materials by significantly increasing the concentration of the Diels–Alder adduct moieties in the final DAPBD. The polymerization performed at 35 °C will help widen the scope of the use of such materials.
Assessment of shock pretreatment and alkali pretreatment on corn stover using enzymatic hydrolysis
Authors: Olokede Opeyemi , Hsu Shen‐chun , Schiele Simon , Ju Huang , Holtzapple Mark 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study investigates digestibility enhancements of lignocellulose from shock pretreatment, alkaline pretreatment, and combination. Shock pretreatment subjects aqueous slurries of lignocellulose to shock waves, which disrupts its structure rendering it more susceptible to hydrolysis. Alkaline pretreatment submerges the biomass in aqueous alkali (NaOH, Ca(OH)2), which removes lignin and acetyl groups. As indicators of digestibility, cellulase (CTec3) and hemicellulase (HTec3) were used to saccharify the pretreated corn stover and the resulting filtrate which contains about 10% of the sugars. Shock is most effective when it precedes alkaline pretreatment, presumably because it opens the biomass structure and enhances diffusion of pretreatment chemicals. Lignocellulose digestibility from calcium hydroxide treatment improves significantly with oxygen addition. In contrast, sodium hydroxide is a more potent alkali, and thereby eliminates the need for oxygen to enhance pretreatment. At low hydroxide loadings (<4 g OH−/100 g dry biomass), both NaOH and Ca(OH)2 provide similar increases in digestibility; however, at high hydroxide loadings, NaOH is superior. For animal feed, Ca(OH)2 treatment is recommended, because residual calcium ions are valuable nutrients. In contrast, for methane‐arrested anaerobic digestion, NaOH treatment is preferred because NaHCO3 is a stronger buffer. At 50°C, shock pretreatment improves sugar yields at all NaOH loadings. The effect of shock is most pronounced when the no‐shock control employed the same soaking‐and‐drying procedure as the shock treatment. The recommended conditions are shock treatment (5.52 bar [abs] initial H2/O2 pressure) followed by 50°C alkaline treatment with NaOH loading of 4 g OH−/100 g dry biomass for 1 h.
MicroRNA‐501‐3p inhibits the proliferation of kidney cancer cells by targeting WTAP
Authors: He Liujia , Chen Shiming , Ying Yufan , Xie Haiyun , Li Jiangfeng , Ma Xueyou , Wang Weiyu , Shen Haixiang , Wang Xiao , Zheng Xiangyi , Xie Liping 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundEmerging evidence suggests that miR‐501‐3p plays an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of various carcinomas. However, its role and underlying mechanisms in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remain to be elucidated.MethodsQuantitative RT‐PCR, western blot, and bioinformatics methods were used to evaluate the expression of miR‐501‐3p and Wilms’ tumor 1‐associating protein (WTAP) in RCC cell lines and clinical tissues. The effects of miR‐501‐3p on the proliferation of RCC cells were investigated using flow cytometric, colony formation, and CCK8 assays. The target gene of miR‐501‐3p was confirmed by western blotting, qRT‐PCR, and dual‐luciferase reporter assays. The levels of RNA methylation with N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) following miR‐501‐3p overexpression or knockdown of its target gene were quantified using a dot‐blot assay.ResultsmiR‐501‐3p expression was significantly downregulated in human RCC cell lines and tissues. In contrast, its overexpression markedly inhibited cancer cell proliferation in vitro by inducing G1 phase arrest. Moreover, WTAP was verified as a direct target gene of miR‐501‐3p. WTAP gene knockdown alone efficiently produced the same cancer‐inhibiting effects as miR‐501‐3p overexpression, with the level of m6A in RCC cells being decreased under both scenarios. The intermolecular interaction between miR‐501‐3p and WTAP was further substantiated by rescue experiments.ConclusionRCC progression is regulated via the miR‐501‐3p/WTAP/CDK2 axis and is inhibited by the overexpression of miR‐501‐3p.
Patterns of National Cancer Institute‐Sponsored Clinical Trial Enrollment in Black Adolescents and Young Adults
Authors: Roth Michael , Beauchemin Melissa , Kahn Justine M. , Bleyer Archie 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundBoth adolescent and young adult (AYA) and Black or African American (hereafter referred to as Black) cancer patients are historically under‐enrolled in cancer treatment trials (CTT). The purpose of this study was to quantify enrollment of Black AYAs in National Cancer Institute (NCI)‐sponsored CTTs overall and by age, sex, and cancer diagnosis during 2000–2015.MethodsUtilizing data from NCI’s Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program and the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program, we assessed CTT enrollment in Black patients with cancer and measured changes in enrollment over time between the study periods 2000–2007 and 2008–2015. Enrollment patterns were compared across age groups (≤14 years [y], 15–19y, 20–29y, 30–39y and 40+ years), sex, and cancer diagnosis.ResultsFrom 2000 through 2015, <3% of Black AYAs (20–39y) enrolled on CTTs. While AYAs had significantly higher cancer incidence than children, 20.5% fewer Black AYAs enrolled on CTTs. Enrollment was lowest among Black males 20–29y, with a mean of 18 enrolling in CTTs annually. The proportion of AYA enrollees who were Black did not change significantly over time periods (2000–2007 vs 2008–2015).ConclusionsFew Black AYAs enroll in CTTs each year. Given known benefits of clinical trial participation and the well‐documented racial and age‐related differences in cancer outcomes, addressing barriers to enrollment in these patients may, in turn, reduce disparities. Targeted interventions aimed at increasing the CTT enrollment of Black cancer patients, particularly young Black men, are urgently needed.PrecisThis study documents that compared with Black children, Black adolescent, and young adult (AYA) patients were less likely to enroll in NCI‐sponsored CTTs from 2000 to 2015. Black AYA male enrollment decreased with increasing age, highlighting disparities among this specific population in CTT enrollment.
Real‐world benefit of combination palbociclib and endocrine therapy for metastatic breast cancer and correlation with neutropenia
Authors: Sun James , Zhong Xiaojun , Ma Junjie , Sun Weihong , Han Hyo S. , Soliman Hatem H. , Loftus Loretta S. , Costa Ricardo L. B. , Armaghani Avan J. , Soyano‐Muller Aixa E. , Czerniecki Brian J. , Lee M. Catherine , Kiluk John V. , Khakpour Nazanin , Hoover Susan J. , Laronga Christine , Khong Hung T. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundCombination CDK4/6 inhibitor and endocrine therapy has been shown to significantly improve progression‐free survival (PFS) in patients with hormone receptor (HR)‐positive, HER2‐negative metastatic breast cancer (mBC). The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the real‐world benefit of first‐line combination therapy in this cohort and to correlate treatment efficacy with neutropenia, a common toxicity of CDK4/6 inhibitors.MethodsThis study included HR‐positive, HER2‐negative advanced or mBC patients who were treated with palbociclib plus endocrine therapy, mainly letrozole, between 1 January 2015 and 1 March 2018. Progression‐free survival (PFS) was determined using Kaplan–Meier analysis. The predictive value of absolute neutrophil count (ANC) and neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) for PFS were explored using Cox regression models. Both ANC and NLR were used as a time‐dependent variable.ResultsIn total, 165 patients were included with median PFS of 24.19 months (95% CI 18.93–NR). Median PFS for patients with bone‐only metastases (n = 54) was not reached (95% CI 18.21–NR). Among patients with all other metastases (n = 111), median PFS was 24.19 months (95% CI 16.33–33.82). Lower ANC was correlated with decreased risk of progression (HR 0.84, 95% CI 0.71–0.97, p = 0.008). There was no significant association between NLR and the risk of disease progression (HR 1.07, 95% CI 0.97–1.18, p = 0.203).ConclusionThe effectiveness of palbociclib and endocrine therapy in the treatment of HR‐positive, HER2‐negative mBC in the real‐world setting is similar to the efficacy reported in the PALOMA‐2 trial. Patients with lower neutrophil count may have a lower risk of early disease progression.
Association between Helicobacter pylori infection and mortality risk in prostate cancer patients receiving androgen deprivation therapy: A real‐world evidence study
Authors: Liu Jui‐Ming , Wu Chun‐Te , Hsu Ren‐Jun , Hsu Wen‐Lin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurposeHelicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a major risk factor for gastric cancer and may affect androgen activity in men. The association between H. pylori and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in patients with prostate cancer (PCa) remains unclear.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study linked National Health Insurance (NHI) data to Taiwan Cancer Registry (TCR) and Taiwan Death Registry (TDR) between 1995 and 2016. PCa patients who received ADT were classified into H. pylori infection and non‐H. pylori infection groups. The outcomes were overall mortality, prostate cancer‐specific mortality, and castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Propensity score matching was adopted for the primary analysis and inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was used for the sensitivity analysis.ResultsOf the 62,014 selected PCa patients, 23,701 received ADT, of whom 3516 had H. pylori infections and 20,185 did not. After matching, there were 3022 patients in the H. pylori infection group and 6044 patients in the non‐H. pylori infection group. The mean follow‐up period for the matched cohort was 4.8 years. Compared to the non‐H. pylori group, the H. pylori group was significantly associated with decreased risks of all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 0.90; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.84–0.96) and prostate cancer‐specific mortality (HR 0.88; 95% CI 0.81–0.95) in the matched analysis.ConclusionsH. pylori infection was associated with a reduced risk of mortality in PCa patients receiving ADT.