bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The extracellular matrix regulates cortical layer dynamics and cross-columnar frequency integration in the auditory cortex
Authors: El-Tabbal Mohamed , Niekisch Hartmut , Henschke Julia U. , Budinger Eike , Frischknecht Renato , Deliano Matthias , Happel Max F. K. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn the adult vertebrate brain, enzymatic removal of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is increasingly recognized to promote learning, memory recall, and restorative plasticity. The impact of the ECM on translaminar dynamics during cortical circuit processing is still not understood. Here, we removed the ECM in the primary auditory cortex (ACx) of adult Mongolian gerbils using local injections of hyaluronidase (HYase). Using laminar current-source density (CSD) analysis, we found layer-specific changes of the spatiotemporal synaptic patterns with increased cross-columnar integration and simultaneous weakening of early local sensory input processing within infragranular layers Vb. These changes had an oscillatory fingerprint within beta-band (25–36 Hz) selectively within infragranular layers Vb. To understand the laminar interaction dynamics after ECM digestion, we used time-domain conditional Granger causality (GC) measures to identify the increased drive of supragranular layers towards deeper infragranular layers. These results showed that ECM degradation altered translaminar cortical network dynamics with a stronger supragranular lead of the columnar response profile.
Construction of a series of metal-directed MOFs to explore their physical and chemical properties
Authors: Akhtar Sohel , Singha Pabitra , De Avik , Das Krishna Sundar , Saha Sayan , Bala Sukhen , Mondal Raju 
Published: March 2021

Here, we report a series of metal-directed coordination polymers and explore their various properties. The polymeric networks show interesting properties such as selective CO2 gas adsorption, Fenton-type photocatalytic dye degradation and heterogeneous catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol.
In situ hydrothermal synthesis of double-carbon enhanced novel cobalt germanium hydroxide composites as promising anode material for sodium ion batteries
Authors: Wen Ni , Chen Siyuan , Feng Jingjie , Zhang Ke , Zhou Zhiyong , Li Xiaolong , Fan Qinghua , Kuang Quan , Dong Youzhong , Zhao Yanming 
Published: March 2021

The double-carbon confined CGH@C/rGO composite is designed via a facile in situ hydrothermal strategy. When used as an anode for sodium-ion batteries, it exhibits superior reversible capacities, high rate capability, and stable cycling performance.
Obtaining Objective Clinical Measures During Telehealth Evaluations of Dysarthria
Authors: Sevitz Jordanna S. , Kiefer Brianna R. , Huber Jessica E. , Troche Michelle S. 
Published: March 2021

Purpose
COVID-19 has shifted models of health care delivery, requiring the rapid adoption of telehealth, despite limited evidence and few resources to guide speech-language pathologists. Management of dysarthria presents specific challenges in the telehealth modality. Evaluations of dysarthria typically rely heavily on perceptual judgments, which are difficult to obtain via telehealth given a variety of technological factors such as inconsistencies in mouth-to-microphone distance, changes to acoustic properties based on device settings, and possible interruptions in connection that may cause video freezing. These factors limit the validity, reliability, and clinicians' certainty of perceptual speech ratings via telehealth. Thus, objective measures to supplement the assessment of dysarthria are essential.

Method
This tutorial outlines how to obtain objective measures in real time and from recordings of motor speech evaluations to support traditional perceptual ratings in telehealth evaluations of dysarthria. Objective measures include pause patterns, utterance length, speech rate, diadochokinetic rates, and overall speech severity. We demonstrate, through clinical case vignettes, how these measures were completed following three clinical telehealth evaluations of dysarthria conducted via Zoom during the COVID-19 pandemic. This tutorial describes how each of these objective measures were utilized, in combination with subjective perceptual analysis, to determine deviant speech characteristics and their etiology, develop a patient-specific treatment plan, and track change over time.

Conclusion
Utilizing objective measures as an adjunct to perceptual ratings for telehealth dysarthria evaluations is feasible under real-world pandemic conditions and can be used to enhance the quality and utility of these evaluations.
How Does Cochlear Implantation Lead to Improvements on a Cognitive Screening Measure?
Authors: Vasil Kara J. , Ray Christin , Lewis Jessica , Stefancin Erin , Tamati Terrin N. , Moberly Aaron C. 
Published: March 2021

PurposeCognitive screening tools to identify patients at risk for cognitive deficits are frequently used by clinicians who work with aging populations in hearing health care. Although some studies show improvements in performance on cognitive screening exams when hearing loss intervention is provided in the form of a hearing aid or cochlear implant (CI), it is worth examining whether these improvements are attributable to increased auditory access to test items. This study aimed to examine whether performance and pass rate on a cognitive screening measure, the Montréal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), improve as a result of CI, whether improved performance on auditory-based test items drives changes in MoCA performance, and whether postoperative MoCA performance relates to post-CI speech perception ability.MethodData were collected in adult CI candidates pre-implantation and 6 months postimplantation to examine the effect of intervention on MoCA performance. Participants were 77 CI users between the ages of 55 and 85 years. Participants completed the MoCA, administered audiovisually, and speech perception testing with monosyllabic (CNC) words at both intervals.ResultsCompared to 31 participants pre-operatively, 45 participants passed the MoCA postoperatively, which was a significant difference in pass rate. An improvement in MoCA scores could be attributed primarily to improvement in the “Delayed Recall” test domain, which was auditory based. Post-CI MoCA performance was related to post-CI CNC speech perception performance.ConclusionsImproved performance and pass rates were demonstrated on the traditional MoCA test of cognitive screening from before to 6 months after CI. Improvements could primarily be attributed to better performance on a delayed recall task dependent on auditory access, and post-CI MoCA scores were related to post-CI speech perception abilities. Further studies are needed to investigate the application of cognitive screening tools in patients receiving hearing loss interventions, and these interventions' impact on patients' real-world functioning.
The Dorsal Differentiation of Velar From Alveolar Stops in Typically Developing Children and Children With Persistent Velar Fronting
Authors: Cleland Joanne , Scobbie James M. 
Published: March 2021

Purpose
This study has two key aims: first, to provide developmental articulatory norms for the alveolar–velar distinction in 30 English-speaking typically developing (TD) children; second, to illustrate the utility of the reported measures for classifying and quantifying the speech of children with a history of persistent velar fronting as they develop the contrast longitudinally.

Method
This study involved secondary data analysis of the UltraSuite corpus comprising ultrasound tongue imaging recordings of speech materials from 30 typical children and longitudinal data from five children with persistent velar fronting undergoing ultrasound visual biofeedback intervention. We present two new measures of coronal dorsal differentiation: KTMax and KT crescent area. These measures distinguish /k/ and /t/ by quantifying the magnitude of this distinction in absolute spatial terms (mm of linear dorsal difference). For the typical children, we report these measures in corner vowel contexts. We then compare these to dorsal productions by the children with speech disorders, before, during, and after intervention.

Results
Both measures reliably distinguished /k/ and /t/ in TD children. There was an effect of vowel, with larger KTmax and KT crescent area in /a/ and /o/ vowel contexts than in an /i/ context. The children with persistent velar fronting showed KTmax values near zero before intervention, showing a complete merger between /k/ and /t/. During intervention, they showed variable KTmax values. Post intervention, they showed values within the range of typical children.

Conclusions
This study provides articulatory norms derived from ultrasound tongue imaging for the dorsal differentiation in alveolar and velar stops in TD children. By applying these norms to children with persistent velar fronting as they acquire this contrast, we see that /k/ is acquired in an articulatorily gradient manner.
A Multimodal Comparison of Emotion Categorization Abilities in Children With Developmental Language Disorder
Authors: Bahn Daniela , Vesker Michael , Schwarzer Gudrun , Kauschke Christina 
Published: March 2021

Purpose
Current research has demonstrated that behavioral, emotional, and/or social difficulties often accompany developmental language disorder (DLD). It is an open question to what degrees such difficulties arise as consequence of impaired language and communicative skills, or whether they might also be driven by deficits in verbal and nonverbal emotion processing (e.g., the reduced ability to infer and verbalize emotional states from facial expressions). Regarding the existence of nonverbal deficits, previous research has yielded inconsistent findings. This study was aimed at gaining deeper knowledge of the basic aspects of emotion understanding in children with DLD by comparing their performance on nonverbal and verbal emotion categorization tasks to that of typically developing children.

Method
Two verbal tasks (Lexical Decision and Valence Decision With Emotion Terms) and two nonverbal tasks (Face Decision and Valence Decision With Facial Expressions) were designed to parallel each other as much as possible, and conducted with twenty-six 6- to 10-year-old children diagnosed with DLD. The same number of typically developed children, carefully matched by age and gender, served as a control group.

Results
The children with DLD showed lower performance in both verbal tasks and exhibited noticeable problems in the nonverbal emotion processing task. In particular, they achieved lower accuracy scores when they categorized faces by their valence (positive or negative), but did not differ in their ability to distinguish these faces from pictures displaying animals.

Conclusions
This study provides evidence for the hypothesis that problems in emotion processing in children with DLD might be multimodal. Therefore, the results support the idea of mutual influences in the development of language and emotion skills and contribute to the current debate about the domain specificity of DLD (formerly referred to as specific language impairment).
Information and Communication Technology in Schools: Its Contribution to Equitable Speech-Language Therapy Services in an Underserved Small Island Developing State
Authors: Zahir Mariyam Z. , Miles Anna , Hand Linda , Ward Elizabeth C. 
Published: March 2021

Purpose
Access to speech-language therapy services for children with communication difficulties is limited in vulnerable countries within the Majority world, such as Small Island Developing States. The use of information and communication technology (ICT) has been identified as a possible solution to provide equitable access to services in Minority world countries. This study explored ICT-related conditions in remote schools of the Maldives, a Small Island Developing State, in order to identify potential service delivery approaches.

Method
A mixed methods approach was used, involving (a) an online survey of 107 teachers, (b) observational data from four schools, (c) interviews with 31 teachers and the four principals of participating schools, and (d) 13 relevant online documents. Content analysis was used to analyze and integrate data from all sources.

Results
Teachers' access to ICT devices and fixed broadband Internet varied across schools. The government had limited funds to provide adequate fixed broadband Internet for them. However, favorable prospects were also discovered, including high access to 4G mobile broadband Internet in islands, high levels of confidence among teachers to use ICT, a variety of ICT uses currently employed by teachers, and the presence of financial aid for students with special education needs.

Conclusions
The findings of the study support the potential for using mobile broadband Internet, available ICT devices, and teachers as agents of service delivery in remote schools to enhance speech-language therapy service delivery in the Maldives. The creation of relevant digital educational content for teachers could further support children with communication difficulties in the country.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14143910
Robust output trajectory linearisation control for a class of linear time‐varying systems
Authors: Galván Guerra Rosalba , Velázquez Velázquez Juan Eduardo , Fridman Leonid , Iriarte Rafael 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe trajectory linearisation control of a non‐linear system using only output information and considering the presence of matched and unmatched uncertainties/perturbations is presented. A continuous sliding mode controller is used to achieve finite‐time tracking of a given continuous time‐varying reference and assuring theoretically exact reconstruction of the matched and unmatched uncertainties/perturbations. The states are reconstructed theoretically exactly in finite time using a linear time‐varying observer based on a high‐order sliding mode framework. The proposed approach is validated using MATLAB simulations.
Detection of simultaneous mechanical faults in 6‐kV pumping induction motors using combined MCSA and stray flux methods
Authors: Gyftakis Konstantinos N. , Panagiotou Panagiotis A. , Spyrakis Dimitrios 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe popularity of stray and air‐gap flux monitoring methods is increasing. This trend is justified by several advantages of such methods over the stator current monitoring that has been demonstrated for electrical fault detection in the induction and synchronous machines. However, the use of the magnetic flux for mechanical faults detections has not drawn this much attention, while in industry, the vibration analysis continues to be popular. This study comes to bridge this gap via the detection of mechanical faults of 6‐kV induction motors in a pumping station. The diagnostic procedure mainly involves the stator current and stray flux monitoring, and harmonic index analysis. The localisation of the fault has been made possible via oscillometer readings. It will be shown that mechanical faults have a very different impact on the stator current and the flux signals, while the flux is not sensitive to the bearing fault mechanisms.
A comprehensive approach to convolutional neural networks‐based condition monitoring of permanent magnet synchronous motor drives
Authors: Pasqualotto Dario , Zigliotto Mauro 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe increasing complexity of modern industrial systems calls for automatic and innovative predictive maintenance techniques. As suggested by the Industry 4.0 process, this demand translates in the need of more‐intelligent drives. Herein, the use of a special kind of neural networks to interpret the data from motor currents for diagnostic purposes is described. The early detection of possible faults in the electrical motor allows programmed maintenance and reduces the risk of unplanned shutdowns. The innovation is in the overall approach to the neural network training, which does not call anymore for a large set of faulty motors. A large training dataset generated using a combination of tuned motor models and some data augmentation techniques is proposed. The result is a comprehensive and effective motor condition monitoring algorithm, whose hearth is a convolutionary neural network trained by a safe and cheap simulation‐based dataset. The details of the design are fully reported here. The method has been implemented in the laboratory and fully tested on both healthy and faulty permanent magnet synchronous motors. The generality of the proposed method also paves the way for the detection of other failures and the application to different electrical motors.
Comparative analysis of the operating performance, magnetic field, and temperature rise of the three‐phase permanent magnet synchronous motor with or without fault‐tolerant control under single‐phase open‐circuit fault
Authors: Li Weili , Tang Haoyue , Luo Shifan , Yan Xin , Wu Zhigang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn the power transmission system, the semiconductor device in the inverter is one of the main fault points. When the open‐ or short‐circuit fault occurs in the semiconductor device, the motor can be turned into the operation with open‐phase fault. To take into account the non‐ideal factors existing in the calculation, this study establishes a system‐level calculation model including the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), inverter, and different control strategies, which is used to analyse the operating performance of the PMSM with or without fault‐tolerant control under single‐phase open‐circuit fault. In addition, based on the finite element method, the current fault characteristic and the change of the internal magnetic field distribution before and after the fault are studied, and the temperature rise of the PMSM with and without fault‐tolerant control is compared. The aim of this study is to compare the operating performance of the three‐phase PMSM under two common fault conditions, and quantitatively give the variation range of magnetic flux density and temperature rise. The theoretical analysis in this study is verified by building a systematic experiment platform.
Novel methodology for direct speed control of a permanent magnet synchronous motor with sensorless operation
Authors: Sahebjam Mehdi , Sharifian Mohammad B. B. , Feyzi M. Reza , Sabahi Mehran 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA new formulation of the direct speed control (DSC) method for permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is proposed. The proposed DSC method employs a direct voltage control to synthesise the d and q axes stator voltage. In this method, no q‐axis current loop regulation is required. Thus, a new concept of the dynamic limiter (DL) is proposed to limit the undesirable current rises. The mathematical analyses, frequency and time domain simulations, and experimental test results highlight the simplicity and effectiveness of the proposed DSC method. Furthermore, sensorless operation of the method can make it a reliable alternative for low‐cost drive of PMSM.
Current Commutation in a Switched Lithium‐Ion Cell used in Cascaded Half‐Bridge Multilevel Inverters
Authors: Hanzl Christian , Hartmann Christoph , Hölzle Markus , Liebhart Bernhard , Schmid Michael , Endisch Christian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn order to improve the efficiency of battery electric vehicles, the utilization of reconfigurable batteries and multilevel inverters based on low‐voltage Si MOSFETs gains growing attention. Focusing on the half‐bridge as basic switching unit, this paper examines voltage and current waveforms during switching. It is shown that the current commutation speed depends on various factors such as sign and amplitude of the current as well as the particular switching scenario. For instance, turning off a positive cell current takes 0.21 s while turning it on takes 0.9 s. In addition, it is revealed that depending on the switching scenario and current direction, the lithium‐ion cell supports or opposes the remagnetization of the parasitic inductances and therefore the switching losses of the MOSFETs. Switching a positive load current of 125 A from active to bypass converts 276 J into heat while switching from bypass to active converts merely 32.5 J into heat.
Binding energies and sticking coefficients of H2 on crystalline and amorphous CO ice
Authors: Molpeceres G. , Zaverkin V. , Watanabe N. , Kästner J. 
Published: March 2021

Context. Molecular hydrogen (H2) is the most abundant interstellar molecule and plays an important role in the chemistry and physics of the interstellar medium. The interaction of H2 with interstellar ices is relevant for several processes (e.g., nuclear spin conversion and chemical reactions on the surface of the ice). To model surface processes, quantities such as binding energies and sticking coefficients are required.
Aims. We provide sticking coefficients and binding energies for the H2/CO system. These data are absent in the literature so far and could help modelers and experimentalists to draw conclusions on the H2/CO interaction in cold molecular clouds.
Methods. Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, in combination with neural network potentials, were employed in our simulations. Atomistic neural networks were trained against density functional theory calculations on model systems. We sampled a wide range of H2 internal energies and three surface temperatures.
Results. Our results show that the binding energy for the H2/CO system is low on average, − 157 K for amorphous CO and −266 K for crystalline CO. This carries several implications for the rest of the work. H2 binding to crystalline CO is stronger by 109 K than to amorphous CO, while amorphous CO shows a wider H2 binding energy distribution. Sticking coefficients are never unity and vary strongly with surface temperature, but less so with ice phase, with values between 0.95 and 0.17. With the values of this study, between 17 and 25% of a beam of H2 molecules at room temperature would stick to the surface, depending on the temperature of the surface and the ice phase. Residence times vary by several orders of magnitude between crystalline and amorphous CO, with the latter showing residence times on the order of seconds at 5 K. H2 may diffuse before desorption in amorphous ices, which might help to accommodate it in deeper binding sites.
Conclusions. Based on our results, a significant fraction of H2 molecules will stick on CO ice under experimental conditions, even more so under the harsh conditions of prestellar cores. However, with the low H2–CO binding energies, residence times of H2 on CO ice before desorption are too short to consider a significant population of H2 molecules on pure CO ices. Diffusion is possible in a time window before desorption, which might help accommodate H2 on deeper binding sites, which would increase residence times on the surface.