bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers on the risk of all‐cause mortality and other clinical outcomes in patients with confirmed COVID‐19: A systemic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Jia Na , Zhang Guifang , Sun Xuelin , Wang Yan , Zhao Sai , Chi Wenjie , Dong Sitong , Xia Jun , Zeng Ping , Liu Deping 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSince the COVID‐19 pandemic, physicians concerned about the potential adverse effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs)/angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). To explore the relationship between ACEIs/ARBs and the risk of mortality and other clinical outcomes in COVID‐19 patients, the authors conducted a systemic review and meta‐analysis. An electronic search was performed from inception to November 12, 2020 in PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, ClinicalTrials, TRIP, the Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang, and CBM database. Risk of bias was assessed using the Risk Of Bias In Non‐randomized Studies of Interventions tool. The primary outcome was in‐hospital all‐cause mortality. Secondary outcomes included all‐cause mortality measured at 30‐day or longer term, mechanical ventilation, length of hospital stay, readmission, and cardiac adverse events. A total of 28 studies with 73 465 patients was included. Twenty‐two studies with 19 871 patients reported the incidence of all‐cause mortality. Results showed no association between using ACEIs/ARBs and risk of mortality crude odds ratio （OR） of 1.02, 95% CI 0.71–1.46,p = .90,I2 = 88%, adjusted OR in 6260 patients of 0.96, 95% CI 0.77–1.18,p = .68,I2 = 0%. While six studies with 10 030 patients reported a lower risk of mortality in ACEIs/ARBs group hazard ratio (HR) of 0.53, 95% CI 0.34–0.84,p = .007,I2 = 68%. Similar association (for HR) was found in hypertension subgroup. There was no significant association for the secondary outcomes. Based on the available data, we concluded that ACEIs/ARBs is not associated with the risk of in‐hospital all‐cause mortality in COVID‐19 patients, but may be associated with a decreased risk of 30‐day all‐cause mortality. Patients with hypertension may benefit from using ACEIs/ARBs.
Improvement in Hidradenitis Suppurativa and quality of life in patients treated with adalimumab: Real‐world results from the HARMONY Study
Authors: Hafner A. , Ghislain P.D. , Kovács R. , Batchelor R. , Katoulis A.C. , Kirby B. , Banayan H. , Schonbrun M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundHidradenitis suppurativa (HS), a chronic, recurrent, debilitating skin disease, is characterized by painful, inflammatory, subcutaneous lesions of the axilla, inguinal and anogenital regions. Overall prevalence of HS is ˜1%, and the impact of disease on patient quality of life (QoL) and healthcare resource utilization (HRU) is high.ObjectivesTo estimate the real‐world effectiveness of adalimumab (Humira®) treatment in patients with moderate‐to‐severe HS on disease severity, pain, QoL, work productivity and HRU.MethodsHARMONY (Effectiveness of Adalimumab in Moderate to Severe HidrAdenitis SuppuRativa Patients – a Multi‐cOuNtry studY in Real Life Setting) is a multicentre, postmarketing observational study in adult patients with moderate‐to‐severe HS. Disease severity and QoL parameters were evaluated using validated measures at 12‐week intervals over 52 weeks of treatment. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients achieving a Hidradenitis Suppurativa Clinical Response (HiSCR: ≥50% reduction in abscess and inflammatory nodule count, with no increase in abscess and draining fistula counts relative to baseline) at 12 weeks. Secondary endpoints were HiSCR at 24, 36 and 52 weeks and changes in QoL parameters and work productivity assessments. Analyses were conducted using as‐observed data.ResultsThe proportion of patients reaching the primary HiSCR endpoint was 70.2% (n = 132/188 enrolled) and remained ≥70% until study completion. There were statistically significant (P < 0.0001) reductions in worst and average skin pain. All of the QoL measures evaluated improved significantly (P < 0.0001) by 12 weeks of adalimumab treatment, as did work productivity assessments (P < 0.05), and there was a ˜50% decrease in HRU between baseline and week 52. Adalimumab was well tolerated.ConclusionsIn this real‐world setting, adalimumab treatment of moderate‐to‐severe HS resulted in decreased disease severity and improvements in QoL and productivity. Response to adalimumab was rapid (within 12 weeks) and sustained (52 weeks). No unexpected safety signals were reported.
Private labels and product quality under asymmetric information
Authors: Chen Zhiqi , Xu Heng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractContrary to the existing theories of private label (PL) products, we demonstrate that the introduction of a PL product by a retailer may improve the profit of the supplier of a competing national‐brand (NB) product. Our theory is built on two main elements. First, the introduction of a PL product may expand the total demand for the products carried by the retailer and thus enlarge the joint profit to be split between the retailer and the supplier of the NB product. Second, in an environment where consumers do not know the quality of the PL product, the NB serves as a bond to assure consumers that the retailer sells high‐quality products only. This quality assurance enhances the joint profit generated by the introduction of the PL product, which, in conjunction with the weakening of the retailer's bargaining position caused by asymmetric information, may enable the NB supplier to earn a larger profit than in the absence of the PL product.
Doxycycline pharmacokinetics in geese
Authors: Sartini Irene , Łebkowska‐Wieruszewska Beata , Lisowski Andrzej , Poapolathep Amnart , Sitovs Andrejs , Giorgi Mario 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe study aims to describe the pharmacokinetics of doxycycline after a single intravenous and oral dose (20 mg/kg) in geese. In addition, two multiple‐dose simulations have been performed to investigate the predicted plasma concentration after either a 10 or 20 mg/kg daily administration repeated consecutively for 5 days. Ten geese were enrolled in a two‐phase cross‐over study with a washout period of two weeks. All animals were treated intravenously and orally with doxycycline, and blood samples were collected up to 48 h after drug administration. Sample analysis was performed using a validated HPLC‐UV method. A non‐compartmental approach was used to evaluate the pharmacokinetic parameters of the drug. A long elimination half‐life was observed (13 h). The area under the curve was statistically different between the two treatments, with the oral bioavailability being moderate (43%). The pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic index (%T>MIC) during the 48 h treatment period in the present study (71%) suggests that doxycycline appears to have therapeutic efficacy against some Mycoplasma species in the goose. The multiple‐dose simulations showed a low accumulation index. A dosage of 10 mg/kg/day for 5 days seemed to be adequate for a good therapeutic efficacy without reaching unnecessarily high plasma concentrations.
The fundamental model of deep disagreements
Authors: Lavorerio Victoria 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe call systematic disputes that are particularly hard to resolve deep disagreements. We can divide most theories of deep disagreements in analytic epistemology into two camps: the Wittgensteinian view and the fundamental epistemic principles view. This essay analyzes how both views deal with two of the most pressing issues a theory of deep disagreement must address: their source and their resolution. After concluding that the paradigmatic theory of each camp struggles on both fronts, the essay proceeds to show that, despite their differences, these theories share some core assumptions and think of deep disagreements similarly: as grounded in fundamental epistemic differences between the parties. This underlying conception of deep disagreements the author calls “the fundamental model.” The essay provides reasons to be wary of this conception, and hence, mainstream epistemologists’ treatment of the issue.
Andean uplift, drainage basin formation, and the evolution of plants living in fast‐flowing aquatic ecosystems in northern South America
Authors: Bedoya Ana M. , Leaché Adam D. , Olmstead Richard G. 
Published: July 2021

Summary

Northern South America is a geologically dynamic and species‐rich region. Fossil and stratigraphic data show that mountain uplift in the tropical Andes reconfigured river drainages. These landscape changes shaped the evolution of the flora in the region, yet the impacts on aquatic taxa have been overlooked.

We explore the role of landscape change on the evolution of plants living strictly in rivers across drainage basins in northern South America by conducting population structure, phylogenetic inference, and divergence‐dating analyses for two species in the genus Marathrum (Podostemaceae).

Mountain uplift and drainage basin formation isolated populations of M. utile and M. foeniculaceum in northern South America and created barriers to gene flow across river drainages. Sympatric species hybridize and the hybrids show the phenotype of one parental line. We propose that the pattern of divergence of populations reflects the formation of river drainages, which was not complete until < 4.1 million yr ago (Ma).

Our study provides a clear picture of the role of landscape change on the evolution of plants living strictly in rivers in northern South America. By shifting the focus to aquatic taxa, we provide a novel perspective on the processes shaping the evolution of the Neotropical flora.
Three‐dimensional printing in oral and maxillofacial surgery: Current landscape and future directions
Authors: Mian Mustafa , Delpachitra Seth , Ackland David , Fink Sarah , Wang Nathan , Dimitroulis George 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3D) printing technology continues to develop at a rapid pace, with the potential to revolutionise multiple industries and fields including medicine. Oral and maxillofacial surgeons are particularly well placed to advance and integrate this technology into practice. This review provides a summary of 3D printing and discusses the current and future applications of this technology in oral and maxillofacial surgery, including the production of surgical planning models, training tools, cutting guides and personalised implants. While early research is promising, there still remains a paucity of large‐scale, well‐controlled clinical studies supporting the use of 3D printing technologies for many of these applications. There are also a number of other technical and regulatory challenges which will need to be addressed as this technology is taken up more widely.
What and how do mentors learn? The role of relationship quality and mentoring self‐efficacy in mentor learning
Authors: Astrove Stacy L. , Kraimer Maria L. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDrawing on the relational mentoring perspective and social cognitive theory, the purpose of this study is to understand how mentoring relationship quality relates to mentor knowledge acquisition and to refine and identify the types of knowledge mentors gain from their mentoring relationships. We hypothesize that relationship quality positively relates to mentor knowledge acquisition (mentoring‐specific, relational, and self‐knowledge) through career and psychosocial mentoring self‐efficacy. We tested our model and research questions in a mixed methods study of 199 professor mentors. Our qualitative results provided a more in‐depth understanding of what mentors learn from their mentoring relationships with respect to mentoring‐specific knowledge, relational knowledge, and self‐knowledge. Furthermore, we identified occupational‐specific knowledge as an additional type of mentor knowledge acquisition. In our quantitative analysis, contrary to our hypothesis, we found that career mentoring self‐efficacy mediated a negative relationship between relationship quality and mentoring‐specific knowledge acquisition. Further, relationship quality had a direct, negative, effect on relational knowledge acquisition. Finally, career and psychosocial mentoring self‐efficacy positively related to occupational‐specific knowledge acquisition and together mediated the relation between relationship quality and occupational‐specific knowledge acquisition. From our post hoc analysis, we found that behavioral change intentions mediated the negative relationships between relationship quality and mentoring‐specific, relational, and self‐knowledge. Our study contributes to the mentoring literature by focusing on the mentor's learning and provides practical implications for how organizations can better foster effective mentoring outcomes.
Climate litigation to protect the Brazilian Amazon: Establishing a constitutional right to a stable climate
Authors: Setzer Joana , Winter de Carvalho Délton 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn recent years, climate cases to combat illegal deforestation in the Amazon have begun to be brought before Brazilian courts. We focus on a lawsuit filed by the Institute of Amazonian Studies against the Brazilian state. The lawsuit seeks not only an order to compel the federal government to comply with national climate law but also the recognition of a fundamental right to a stable climate, for present and future generations, under the Brazilian Constitution. We argue that this case both exists in the context of a transnational movement, as it draws from existing rights‐based cases, whilst also trying to develop this movement. This lawsuit seeks to establish that a stable climate system is critical to the protection of other fundamental rights. We consider what it means to seek a constitutional right to a stable climate through courts within the wider context in which national governance systems are constitutionalizing climate change commitments.
Wild Wind, Social Storm: “Energy Populism” in Rural Areas? An Exploratory Analysis of France and Italy*
Authors: Dechézelles Stéphanie , Scotti Ivano 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe literature has often used the term “populism” as a sensitizing concept to inquire the increasing relevance of right‐wing political organizations in Western countries, specifically in rural areas and marginalized territories (e.g., deindustrialized districts). The spread of populism appears as a consequence of the multidimensional failure of globalized neoliberal capitalist promises of prosperity. In this frame, the current climate agenda is challenged because it is perceived as a source of socio‐territorial marginalization and depletion. Local oppositions against green facilities in rural areas and right‐populist political forces seem to converge in a common discursive frame. The paper proposes some considerations on the “energy populism” by exploring the phenomenon in France (in Occitanie) and Italy (in Basilicata). The comparison allows us to discuss and problematize the possible links between the reception of renewable policies in rural areas and the attempt of populist movements to become spokesmen for local resistance. The main hypothesis is that the sense of dispossession and non‐involvement perceived by the rural population on renewables finds in the populist rhetoric a coherent and effective discursive framework to represent their issues. However, research suggests that the link between local opposition to renewables and populist organizations is weak and instrumental.
Ignition Delay Time Correlation of C1–C5 Natural Gas Blends for Intermediate and High Temperature Regime
Authors: Mohamed A. Abd El-Sabor , Sahu Amrit Bikram , Panigrahy Snehasish , Bourque Gilles , Curran Henry 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
New ignition delay time (IDT) data for stoichiometric natural gas (NG) blends composed of C1–C5 n-alkanes with methane as the major component were recorded using a high pressure shock tube (HPST) at reflected shock pressures (p5) and temperatures (T5) in the range 20–30 bar and 1000–1500 K, respectively. The good agreement of the new IDT experimental data with literature data shows the reliability of the new data at the conditions investigated. Comparisons of simulations using the NUI Galway mechanism (nuigmech1.0) show very good agreement with the new experimental results and with the existing data available in the literature. Empirical IDT correlation equations have been developed through multiple linear regression analyses for these C1–C5 n-alkane/air mixtures using constant volume IDT simulations in the pressure range pC = 10–50 bar, at temperatures TC = 950–2000 K, and in the equivalence ratio (φ) range 0.3–3.0. Moreover, a global correlation equation is developed using nuigmech1.0 to predict the IDTs for these NG mixtures and other relevant data available in the literature. The correlation expression utilized in this study employs a traditional Arrhenius rate form including dependencies on the individual fuel fraction, TC, φ, and pC.
Influence of Flow Coefficient on Ingress Through Turbine Rim Seals
Authors: Graikos Dimitrios , Carnevale Mauro , Sangan Carl M. , Lock Gary D. , Scobie James A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Rim seals are critical in terms of limiting the temperature of highly stressed engine components but function with a penalty to the power output and contribute to entropy gain stemming from mixing losses in the turbine. Ingress through rim seals is influenced by the presence of rotor blades and stator vanes, and the mainstream flow coefficient in the annulus that determines the corresponding swirl. This paper presents an experimental study of ingress upstream and downstream of the rotor disk in a 1.5-stage rig with double radial clearance rim seals. Two rotor disks were used, one with blades and one without, and two platforms were used downstream of the rotor, one with vanes and one without. Tests were conducted at two rotational speeds and a range of flow conditions was achieved by varying the annulus and sealing mass flow rates. Concentration effectiveness, swirl, and steady pressure measurements separated, for the first time, the influence of the blades and vanes on ingress over a wide range of flow conditions. Measurements on the downstream stator platform provide added insight into the complex interaction between the egress and the mainstream. Measurements of unsteady pressure revealed the presence of large-scale structures, even in the absence of blades. The number and speed of the structures were shown to depend on the flow coefficient and the purge flow rate.
Characterization of Flow Curves for Ultra-Thin Steel Sheets With the In-Plane Torsion Test
Authors: Stiebert Fabian , Traphöner Heinrich , Meya Rickmer , Tekkaya A. Erman 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe in-plane torsion test (IPT) is a shear test that has already been successfully used to determine flow curves up to high strains for thin sheets with thicknesses between 0.5 mm and 3.0 mm. In the same way as with other shear tests, the formation of wrinkles is a major challenge in determining flow curves with the IPT, especially when testing ultra-thin sheets with a thickness between 0.1 mm and 0.5 mm. A new method for suppressing wrinkling is introduced, in which the formation of wrinkles is avoided by arranging and gluing single sheets to multi-layered specimens. The influence of the used adhesive on the determination of flow curves is negligible. The proposed method is used to identify flow curves for two materials, the high-strength steel TH620 and the soft steel TS230, used in the packaging industry. The materials are tested in sheet thicknesses between 0.17 mm and 0.6 mm. The determined equivalent plastic strains for the TH620 with a sheet thickness of 0.20 mm could be increased from 0.38 (bulge-test) to over 0.8 with the new method using four-layered specimens.
Internal Tibial Forces and Moments During Graded Running
Authors: Baggaley Michael , Derrick Timothy R. , Vernillo Gianluca , Millet Guillaume Y. , Edwards W. Brent 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The stress experienced by the tibia has contributions from the forces and moments acting on the tibia. We sought to quantify the influence of running grade on internal tibial forces and moments. Seventeen participants ran at 3.33 m/s on an instrumented treadmill at 0 deg, ±5 deg, and ±10 deg while motion data were captured. Ankle joint contact force was estimated from an anthropometrically-scaled musculoskeletal model using inverse dynamics-based static optimization. Internal tibial forces and moments were quantified at the distal 1/3rd of the tibia, by ensuring static equilibrium with all applied forces and moments. Downhill running conditions resulted in lower peak internal axial force (range of mean differences: −9% to −16%, p &lt; 0.001), lower peak internal anteroposterior force (−14% to −21%, p &lt; 0.001), and lower peak internal mediolateral force (−14% to −15%, p &lt; 0.001), compared to 0 deg and +5 deg. Furthermore, downhill conditions resulted in lower peak internal mediolateral moment (−11%to −21%, p &lt; 0.001), lower peak internal anteroposterior moment (−13% to −14%, p &lt; 0.001), and lower peak internal torsional moment (−9% to −21%, p &lt; 0.001), compared to 0 deg, +5 deg, and +10 deg. The +10 deg condition resulted in lower peak internal axial force (−7% to −9%, p &lt; 0.001) and lower peak internal mediolateral force (−9%, p = 0.004), compared to 0 deg and +5 deg. These findings suggest that downhill running may be associated with lower tibial stresses than either level or uphill running.
Hybrid Nodal Integral/Finite Element Method for Time-Dependent Convection Diffusion Equation
Authors: Namala Sundar , Uddin Rizwan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNodal integral methods (NIM) are a class of efficient coarse mesh methods that use transverse averaging to reduce the governing partial differential equation(s) (PDE) into a set of ordinary differential equations (ODE). These ODEs or their approximations are analytically solved. These analytical solutions are used to then develop the numerical scheme. Transverse averaging is an essential step in the development of NIM, and hence the standard application of this approach gets restricted to domains that have boundaries parallel to one of the coordinate axes (in 2D) or coordinate planes (in 3D). The hybrid nodal-integral/finite element method (NI-FEM) reported here has been developed to extend the application of NIM to arbitrary domains. NI-FEM is based on the idea that the interior region and the regions with boundaries parallel to the coordinate axes (2D) or coordinate planes (3D) can be solved using NIM, and the rest of the domain can be discretized and solved using FEM. The crux of the hybrid NI-FEM is in developing interfacial conditions at the common interfaces between the NIM regions and FEM regions. Since the discrete variables in the two numerical approaches are different, this requires special treatment of the discrete quantities on the interface between the two different types of discretized elements. We here report the development of hybrid NI-FEM for the time-dependent convection-diffusion equation (CDE) in arbitrary domains. The resulting hybrid numerical scheme is implemented in a parallel framework in fortran and solved using portable, extensible toolkit for scientific computation (PETSc). The preliminary approach to domain decomposition is also discussed. Numerical solutions are compared with exact solutions, and the scheme is shown to be second-order accurate in both space and time. The order of approximations used for the development of the scheme is also shown to be second order. The hybrid method is more efficient compared to standalone conventional numerical schemes like FEM.