bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of New Dialkyl 2,2′-[Carbonylbis(azanediyl)]dibenzoates via Curtius Rearrangement
Authors: Khouili Mostafa , Pujol Maria Dolors , Yassine Hasna , Bouali Jamila , Oumessaoud Asmaa , Ourhzif El Mahdi , Hamri Salha , Hafid Abderrafia 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe 2-(alkylcarbonyl)benzoic acids obtained by esterification of phthalic anhydride are converted into azide derivatives: alkyl 2-[(azidocarbonyl)amino]benzoates and to ureas: dialkyl 2,2′-[carbonylbis(azanediyl)]dibenzoates. These transformations were carried out using classical Curtius rearrangement conditions in the presence of diphenylphosphoryl azide (DPPA) in a basic medium, followed by hydrolysis. Subsequently, a final condensation reaction of these urea derivatives enabled us to obtain, for the first time, the new alkyl derivatives, alkyl 2-[2,4-dioxo-1,2-dihydroquinazolin-3(4H)-yl]benzoates. All the new compounds obtained in satisfactory yields were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, and by X-ray crystallographic analysis.
Ventricular Septal Rupture Complicating an Acute ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Tanto Ines V. , Dharma Surya , Juzar Dafsah A. , Bono Arinto A.H. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractVentricular septal rupture (VSR) is rare but a lethal complication of acute myocardial infarction (MI). Definite treatment requires the surgical closure of the VSR and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). However, the optimal timing for surgery is still controversial, particularly during the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic where medical procedures should be performed within the safest environment. Before surgery, a proper management in the intensive cardiovascular care unit is essential to maintain the stability of the hemodynamic profile related with VSR and determines the prognosis of the patient. We described a case of VSR complicating an anterior wall MI in a patient who admitted to our hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic that was treated successfully by surgical closure of the VSR and CABG.
Prevalence of Acute Traumatic Coagulopathy in Acutely Traumatized Dogs and Association with Clinical and Laboratory Parameters at Presentation
Authors: Herrero Yaiza , Jud Schefer Rahel , Muri Benjamin M. , Sigrist Nadja E. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjective The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of acute traumatic coagulopathy (ATC) and identify associated clinical and laboratory parameters including rotational thromboelastometry.Study Design Dogs presenting within 6 hours after trauma were allocated to the ATC or non-ATC group based on thromboelastometry analysis (ex-tem S, in-tem S, fib-tem S). ATC was defined as ≥2 hypocoagulable parameters in 1 profile and ≥ 1 hypocoagulable parameter in an additional profile. Parameters used were ex-tem and in-tem clotting time (CT), clot formation time (CFT), maximum clot firmness (MCF), maximum lysis and fib-tem MCF. Clinical and laboratory parameters at presentation, animal trauma triage (ATT) score, transfusion requirement and outcome were compared. Logistic regression was used to identify independent factors associated with ATC.Results Eleven of 33 dogs presented with ATC and showed ex-tem CT and CFT prolongation and reduced MCF amplitude in all profiles (all p < 0.001). pH (p = 0.043) and potassium concentration (p = 0.022) were significantly lower and bleeding (p = 0.027) and plasma transfusions (p = 0.001) more common in dogs with ATC. Time after trauma (p = 0.040) and Animal Trauma Triage score (p = 0.038, including haematocrit as confounding factor) were associated with the presence of ATC.Conclusion Acute traumatic coagulopathy is more common in traumatized dogs than previously reported. Acute traumatic coagulopathy was associated with acidosis, Animal trauma triage score, time after trauma and higher transfusion needs. Coagulation abnormalities include ex-tem CT and CFT prolongations and decreased clot strength.
Multiple Cartilaginous Exostoses Causing Severe Cervical Myelopathy in a Puppy Dog
Authors: Menezes Mareliza Possa de , Facin Andréia Coutinho , Máximo Larissa Godoi , Luzzi Mayara de Cássia , Dias Luis Gustavo Gosuen Gonçalves , Minto Bruno Watanabe 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to report a case of multiple cartilaginous exostoses (MCE) causing severe cervical myelopathy in a puppy dog. An 80-day-old Dachshund cross weighing 2.2 kg presented with progressive development of non-ambulatory tetraparesis, proprioceptive ataxia in all four limbs, and cervical hyperesthesia. Multiple calcified masses in the cervical spine at the levels of C1–C2 and C4–C7, with several points of spinal cord compression, were identified. Ventral atlantoaxial fusion was performed. Four days later, four masses were surgically removed by dorsal laminectomy of C1–C2 and C4–C7, and a right facetectomy between C4 and C5 was performed. Multiple cartilaginous exostoses were confirmed by histopathological examination. Thirty-six months after surgery, the patient showed no recurrence of neurological signs. Ventral atlantoaxial fusion, and surgical removal of MCE masses followed by decompression was effective on alleviating clinical sings in the short and medium term.
Determination of single and double helical structures in a swirling jet by spectral proper orthogonal decomposition
Authors: Zhang Yang , Vanierschot Maarten 
Published: January 2021

This paper studies the coherent structures found in an annular swirling jet flow undergoing vortex breakdown with control parameters, the Reynolds number Re = 8500 and the swirl number Sw = 0.38. The flow field is simulated using the large eddy simulation method with a dynamic k model. The first- and second-order statistics of the velocity fields are compared to tomographic particle image velocimetry measurements of the same flow configuration to validate the numerical simulation. The fast Fourier transform of the sampled velocity and pressure signals indicates a precessing vortex core with a frequency of 22 Hz. This frequency is in line with the one detected by spectral proper orthogonal decomposition, which is utilized to identify the coherent structures in the near-field region of the swirling flow in the present work. In detail, apart from the single helical structure usually found in swirling flows, a double helix, rarely observed in turbulent swirling jets, is also identified. This structure is not a second-order harmonic mode of the single one, as shown by statistical analysis of the mode temporal coefficients. Moreover, the calculation of energy production shows that this coherent precessing motion extracts energy from the mean flow field in the wake behind the bluff-body and in the breakup region of the vortex.
Magneto-optical investigation of scattering by superparamagnetic nanoparticles using multi-harmonic analysis
Authors: Syed Maarij , Li Wei , Fried Nathaniel , Patterson Cody 
Published: January 2021

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are widely used in imaging, magnetic hyperthermia, drug delivery, etc. We present a continuation of our study of dilute aqueous suspensions of magnetite nanoparticles using an AC Faraday rotation setup. Our previous results focused on analyzing the first and higher odd harmonics of the magnetic field frequency yielding the average particle magnetic moment μ, particle density n, and Verdet constant of the sample. Here, we investigate the leading even harmonic (2f) signal to analyze scattering by constructing a scattering ratio. This signal is independent of the polarization state of the incident light and is therefore not relatable to Faraday rotation (FR). The evidence of MNP clustering along with the geometric shadowing effect may explain the scattering response as a function of magnetic field frequency and amplitude. Investigation of clusters in SNPs is critical to establish their effective moment and size as a function of magnetic field profile. This analysis can provide a consistency check on the odd harmonic analysis, in addition to providing a physical picture of the underlying process of cluster formation. We have measured the scattering response of magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles that vary in size from 15 to 25 nm along with two different types of SNPs with the same core diameter (20 nm) but different functionalization layers (Oleic acid and PEG). To explain the change in light intensity as a function of magnetic field, we are developing a model that employs a field-dependent cross-section which we hope to relate to cluster size.
Modern physical methods for the molecular design of single-molecule magnets
Authors: Novikov Valentin V. , Nelyubina Yulia V. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Many paramagnetic metal complexes have emerged as unique magnetic materials (single-molecule magnets), which behave as conventional magnets at the single-molecule level, thereby making it possible to use them in modern devices for data storage and processing. The rational design of these complexes, however, requires a deep understanding of the physical laws behind a single-molecule magnet behaviour, the mechanisms of magnetic relaxation that determines the magnetic properties and the relationship of these properties with the structure of single-molecule magnets. This review focuses on the physical methods providing such understanding, including different versions and various combinations of magnetometry, electron paramagnetic and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, optical spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Many of these methods are traditionally used to determine the composition and structure of new chemical compounds. However, they are rarely applied to study molecular magnetism.
The bibliography includes 224 references.
Multiple signaling pathways are essential for synapse formation induced by synaptic adhesion molecules
Authors: Jiang Xian , Sando Richard , Südhof Thomas C. 
Published: January 2021

Significance
Formation of synapses is thought to be mediated by transsynaptic adhesion molecules, but the intracellular signaling pathways involved are largely unknown. Here we studied synapse formation using as an approach heterologous synapse formation assays, in which synaptic adhesion molecules expressed in a nonneuronal cell induce formation of pre- or postsynaptic specializations in cocultured neurons. Aided by pharmacological inhibitors and genetic tools, we found that c-jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) and protein kinase-A signaling contributes to the formation of both pre- and postsynaptic specializations during heterologous synapse formation, whereas the PI3 kinase/AKT signaling pathway is required only for formation of post- but not of presynaptic specializations. Our results suggest that a multistage kinase network is essential for heterologous synapse formation.
Emergence of homochirality in large molecular systems
Authors: Laurent Gabin , Lacoste David , Gaspard Pierre 
Published: January 2021

Significance
The selection of a single molecular handedness among the two possible configurations of a given molecule, or homochirality, is observed across all living matter and is a mystery in the origin of life. Here, we show that large chemical systems are likely to undergo a spontaneous symmetry breaking toward a homochiral state as the number of chiral species increases. Through an analysis of a large chemical database, we find that there is no need of very large molecules for chiral species to dominate over achiral ones; it already happens when molecules contain about 10 heavy atoms.
Contribution of historical precipitation change to US flood damages
Authors: Davenport Frances V. , Burke Marshall , Diffenbaugh Noah S. 
Published: January 2021

SignificancePrecipitation extremes have increased in many regions of the United States, suggesting that climate change may be exacerbating the cost of flooding. However, the impact of historical precipitation change on the cost of US flood damages remains poorly quantified. Applying empirical analysis to historical precipitation and flood damages, we estimate that approximately one-third (36%) of the cost of flood damages over 1988 to 2017 is a result of historical precipitation changes. Climate models show that anthropogenic climate change has increased the probability of heavy precipitation associated with these costs. Our results provide information quantifying the costs of climate change, and suggest that lower levels of future warming would very likely reduce flooding losses relative to the current global warming trajectory.
The high-affinity immunoglobulin receptor FcγRI potentiates HIV-1 neutralization via antibodies against the gp41 N-heptad repeat
Authors: Montefiori David C. , Filsinger Interrante Maria V. , Bell Benjamin N. , Rubio Adonis A. , Joyce Joseph G. , Shiver John W. , LaBranche Celia C. , Kim Peter S. 
Published: January 2021

Significance
Despite decades of research, an effective HIV-1 vaccine remains elusive. One potential vaccine target is the N-heptad repeat (NHR) region of gp41, which is the target of the FDA-approved drug enfuvirtide. However, monoclonal antibodies and antisera targeting this region have only been modestly neutralizing to date. Here, we show that the neutralization potency of the well-characterized anti-NHR antibody D5 is increased >5,000-fold by expression of FcγRI (CD64) on cells. Since FcγRI is expressed on macrophages and dendritic cells, which are implicated in the early establishment of HIV-1 infection following sexual transmission, these results may be important to HIV-1 vaccine development.
Equity for women and underrepresented minorities in STEM: Graduate experiences and career plans in chemistry
Authors: Stockard Jean , Rohlfing Celeste M. , Richmond Geraldine L. 
Published: January 2021

Significance
On June 10, 2020, as part of the Black Lives Matter movement, scientists in the United States and throughout the world paused to consider how systematic racism affects the scientific enterprise. As a result, many academic departments are now assessing policies and practices that may contribute to this situation. This paper provides evidence of the nature of inequities related to race–ethnicity and gender in graduate school experiences and career plans of PhD students in one science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) discipline, chemistry. The results can help promote understanding of the problems and guide efforts toward equity within STEM and, potentially, other academic areas. In turn, these changes can strengthen the scientific enterprise and the well-being of society.
Droplet-based mRNA sequencing of fixed and permeabilized cells by CLInt-seq allows for antigen-specific TCR cloning
Authors: Nesterenko Pavlo A. , McLaughlin Jami , Cheng Donghui , Bangayan Nathanael J. , Burton Sojo Giselle , Seet Christopher S. , Qin Yu , Mao Zhiyuan , Obusan Matthew B. , Phillips John W. , Witte Owen N. 
Published: January 2021

Significance
T cell receptors (TCRs) surveil cellular environment by recognizing peptides presented by the major histocompatibility complex. TCR sequencing allows for understanding the scope of T cell reactivity in health and disease. Specific TCR clones can be used as therapeutics in cancer and autoimmune disease. We present a technique that allows for TCR sequencing based on intracellular signaling molecules, such as cytokines and transcription factors. The core concept is highly generalizable and should be applicable to global gene expression analysis where intracellular marker-based cell isolation is required.
Linguistic units and their systems
Authors: Krekoski Ross 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A theoretical discussion of units in linguistic theory would be, in a sense, incomplete without a discussion of the systems, whether overt or implied, that the units are associated with. This paper traces conceptualizations of units and their accompanying systems in several disciplines. We identify some important problems with rule-based accounts (Parsons 1937) of social action and discuss the transition to non-rule-based theory afforded by ethnomethodology (e.g. Garfinkel 1963, 1967; Heritage 1984, 2011). We draw direct parallels between these issues and analogous developments in mathematical logic (Gödel 1992) and philosophy of mind (Fodor 1968, 1983; Lucas 1961; Putnam 1960, 1967 etc.), and argue that these stem directly from fundamental properties of a class of all formal systems which permit self-reference. We argue that, since these issues are architectural in nature, linguistic theory which postulates that linguistic units are the outputs of a consistent, self-referential, rule-based formal systems (e.g. Hauser, Chomsky & Fitch 2002) will inevitably run into similar problems. This is further supported by examples from actual language use which, as a class, will elude any theoretical explanation grounded in such a system.
Referring expressions in categorizing activities
Authors: Mayes Patricia , Tao Hongyin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Linguistic units as traditionally conceived by linguists favor structural features and referential
meanings. In this paper, we propose a new way of understanding the nature of linguistic units by analyzing the interaction of
multiple semiotic resources (gestures, bodily movement, eye gaze and speech) in social interaction. We focus
on the discursive activity of “categorizing” in different situations and in two languages, English and Mandarin Chinese.
Categorizing is broadly defined as any activity that involves explicitly or implicitly classifying people or objects into
types. We show that the meanings of linguistic units (including the referential) may be distorted or incomplete when forms are
extracted from their contexts and analyzed in isolation. Instead, we argue that an interactional, activity-based view,
focusing on the deployment of linguistic elements as part of a coordinated system of semiotic resources, will enable us to
understand the nature of linguistic units in a more productive way.
Questioning the clause as a crosslinguistic unit in grammar and interaction
Authors: Laury Ritva , Ono Tsuyoshi , Suzuki Ryoko 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This paper focuses on ‘clause’, a celebrated structural unit in linguistics, by comparing Finnish and Japanese,
two languages which are genetically, typologically, and areally distinct from each other and from English, the language on the
basis of which this structural unit has been most typically discussed. We first examine how structural units including the clause
have been discussed in the literature on Finnish and Japanese. We will then examine the reality of the clause in everyday talk in
these languages quantitatively and qualitatively; in our qualitative analysis, we focus in particular on what units are oriented
to by conversational participants. The current study suggests that the degree of grammaticization of the clause varies
cross-linguistically and questions the central theoretical status accorded to this structural unit.
Patterns of coining and constructions
Authors: Delhem Romain , Marty Caroline 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe develop the notion ofpattern of coiningfound in some complete-inheritance models of Construction Grammar (Fillmore 1997;Kay 2013), which are processes used to coin new units based on analogy with an existing one. Unlike constructions, they cannot be considered systematically productive in synchrony. After providing measurement methods, we assess the productivity of three patterns (‧whelm, ‧liciousand ‧holic). To do so, we carried out a statistical analysis using two web corpora. Unlike Kay, we show that the difference between constructions and patterns of coining is not so clear-cut, since patterns of coining may undergo constructionalization, and that qualitative aspects should be taken into account along with quantitative data when trying to assess the status of a word-formation pattern.
Code-switching and loan translation in German-American
Authors: Dux Ryan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This squib applies and extends insights from (Diasystematic) Construction Grammar to the code-switching and
loan-translation of English verbs (and verbal constructions) in US-German dialects. After presenting recent findings about the nature and
interaction of language contact phenomena, I introduce the constructional principles guiding the analysis and the data sources. I then
present a wide array of data and formulate hypotheses regarding the processes and motivations underlying each type, appealing to a
constructional and usage-based view of the bilingual’s mental lexicon.
In search of constructions in writing process data
Authors: Gilquin Gaëtanelle 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This article explores the possibility of identifying mentally stored constructions in writing process data, that
is, data that reproduce the process through which a text is written. The unit that serves as a basis for the identification of
constructions is the burst of writing, which corresponds to a chunk of text produced between two pauses. Bursts are examined in L1
French and L2 English keylogging data from the Process Corpus of English in Education and their potential constructional status is
considered.
Strange sounds, familiar words
Authors: Hagel Anna 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
When communicating across closely related languages or varieties (e.g. in interdialectal communication or in
regions such as Mainland Scandinavia), speakers have to learn how to decode words that show partial phonological differences from
the equivalents in their L1. Although contact situations like these are rather common, interlingual decoding has scarcely been
addressed in the CxG literature. As a contribution to this field of research, the paper discusses how (a particular stage in)
emerging receptive multilingualism can be modelled from a CxG perspective. Specifically, it deals with the idea that repeated
interlingual decoding generates partially schematic cross-linguistic constructions mirroring the speaker’s knowledge about sound
correspondences, as suggested by Diasystematic Construction Grammar (Höder 2019).
Mental representations of multimodal constructions
Authors: Kanetani Masaru 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Japanese mimetics, and its psychomimes (e.g. gakkuri ‘disappointed’), in particular, are usually
accompanied in speech with bodily movements, including gestures and postures. I have already argued that certain patterns in
co-speech gestures and postures that accompanied psychomimes showed a relatively high rate of concord across speakers (Kanetani 2019). Taking the co-speech bodily movements as metonymic representations of
embodied metaphors of emotion, this paper suggests that these kinetic features may be stored as part of the speaker’s knowledge of
the words and argue that Japanese psychomimes are multimodal lexical constructions. I also show how such multimodal constructions
are represented in the mind and how they are expressed in actual use. In particular, I describe and examine two-dimensional
form-meaning pairings (based on Kita 1997) and show that one of the two dimensions may
be selectively expressed in a given context.
Pleonastic complex words as functional amalgams
Authors: Koutsoukos Nikos , Michaelis Laura A. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Syntactic amalgams are innovative phrasal constructions that combine otherwise incompatible subparts of other
constructions (Lambrecht 1988; Brenier and Michaelis
2005). We describe pleonastic formations like flavorize in English and ψηλαφ-ίζ(ω) [psilafízo]
‘palpate’ in Modern Greek as functional amalgams at the word level. We examine these formations through the lens of (function-oriented)
Sign-Based Construction Grammar (Sag 2012), arguing that once we see
derivational morphemes as signs, and sign combination as construction-driven rather than head-driven, we can describe such words as coercive
combinations that serve a variety of semiotic functions.