bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current situation of vaccine injury compensation program and a future perspective in light of COVID-19 and emerging viral diseases
Authors: Crum Tommie , Mooney Kirsten , Tiwari Birendra R. 
Published: December 2021

Background: Vaccines have had a great impact on disease prevention and reducing mortality. Very rarely, vaccines also can result in serious adverse effects. In consideration of this fact, vaccine injury compensation programs have been implemented in many countries to compensate a vaccinee for associated adverse effects. The existing vaccine injury compensation system addresses routine immunization schemes. However, there are rising concerns about the compensation for adverse effects caused by new vaccines such as those developed for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This review focuses on vaccine injury compensation programs and highlights the necessity to include all upcoming new vaccines for COVID-19 and other emerging viral diseases in the compensation schemes. Methods: Published articles relating to vaccine compensation injury programs, vaccines, injuries, disabilities, illnesses, and deaths resulting from vaccination were searched in data bases. Through a careful review of the abstracts, 25 relevant articles were selected for analysis. Results: We identified 27 countries on four continents with vaccine injury compensation schemes: 17 countries in Europe, 7 countries in Asia, the United States, a Canadian Province and New Zealand. No programs were identified in Africa and in South America. Program design, funding, and eligibility for compensation vary vastly between countries. We identified 17 countries operating well-established vaccine injury compensation programs. However, minimal information is available on numerous other countries. Conclusion: We conclude that the vaccine injury compensation programs are available in limited number of countries across four continents - mostly in Europe. Lack of standard approach and scope of injury prevention and compensation programs across the countries exists. Some important limitations include limited scientific material, which hindered our research. Therefore, additional data concerning payout for each type of injury and the number of claimants related to a specific vaccine injury worldwide could provide a more comprehensive analysis.
An informational sociobiological explanation of the constitution of the human body
Authors: Moya-Salazar Jeel , Contreras-Pulache Libertad , Lam-Figueroa Nelly , Contreras-Pulache Hans 
Published: December 2021

Background: Pedro Ortiz (1933-2011), in the latest four decades of his life, developed the Informational Sociobiological Theory (IST) in a university teaching context that became the foundation of post-grade studies in neuroscience in Peru. The IST looks for a totality explanation of the phenomena of the universe proposes an explanation of the constitution of the human body. In what consist this explanation of the configuration of the human body? Methods: A bibliographical qualitative study was conducted starting from primary documental sources. It was considered among the sources, all related to the editorial project Books of Social Psychobiologic (elaborated by Ortiz during the first decade of this age). The results have been presented across a conceptual analysis, narrative and graphic, oriented to expose Ortiz’ ideas in relation to the human body’s morphology. Results: The structural architecture of the human body, and in particular in one person; shows five levels of complexity which begins in cells, the intercellular matrix, the neural system, the paleocortical psyche, and neocortical psyche. In this involve explanation, the organs of the body are essentially tissue systems, and are integrated (subsumed) at the neural level (which informationally goes through the plexuses, ganglia, and subcortical nuclei). The two levels of superior complexity to the neural system, are the space of the psychic activity, unconscious and conscious, which is suprastructurally to all bodily structures. Ortiz is settled on a different monism: that guides us to imagine and think that all psychic activity is suprastructural to the body. Conclusions: There is an original explanation of the human body within the IST. This informational morphology dialogues with the knowledge of biology, neurology, anatomy, physiology, embryology, and histology, and is proposed as a structuring element in all the conceptual architecture that represents the IST.
Efficacy of video-based psychotherapy in reducing psychological distress of COVID-19 patients treated in isolation ward
Authors: Lukman Petrin Redayani , Saputra Alvin , Elvira Sylvia Detri , Heriani  , Almasyhur Alfi Fajar , Putri Leonita Ariesti , Alfonso César Alberto , Noviasari Reina Rahma 
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND Hospitalized patients with COVID-19 experience isolation during treatment, which may cause psychological distress. Thus, alternative ways to deliver psychological support are needed when face-to-face therapy is not possible. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of video-based psychotherapy in reducing distress in COVID-19 patients treated in an isolation ward.
METHODS This quasi-experimental trial without a control group included 42 COVID-19 patients aged 20–59 years. Participants were recruited conveniently in the COVID-19 isolation ward in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia. They watched three brief psychotherapy videos including relaxation, managing thoughts and emotions, and mindfulness for approximately 30 min. The videos were created by the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia. Subjective units of distress scale (SUDS) was measured before and after watching all videos. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon-signed rank test.
RESULTS All 42 subjects finished watching the videos. 31 subjects experienced a significant median decrease in SUDS score after the intervention. The effect size of the psychotherapy videos for the SUDS score was 0.485 (95% CI 0.302 to 0.634).
CONCLUSIONS Watching psychotherapy videos is effective in reducing the SUDS score for COVID-19 patients in an isolation ward. Our brief video-based psychotherapy intervention has reduced psychological distress in hospitalized COVID-19 patients with limited access to face-to-face consultations due to the risk of disease transmission.
A ten-year review of neonatal tetanus cases managed at a tertiary health facility in a resource poor setting: The trend, management challenges and outcome
Authors: Ogundare Ezra Olatunde , Ajite Adebukola Bidemi , Adeniyi Adewuyi Temidayo , Babatola Adefunke Olarinre , Taiwo Adekunle Bamidele , Fatunla Odunayo Adebukola , Airemionkhale Alfred , Odeyemi Oluwapelumi Adeyosola , Olatunya Oladele Simeon , Oyelami Oyeku Akibu 
Published: December 2021

Background
Neonatal Tetanus (NNT) is a vaccine preventable disease of public health importance. It is still being encountered in clinical practice largely in developing countries including Nigeria.
NNT results from unhygienic delivery practices and some harmful traditional cord care practices.
The easiest, quickest and most cost-effective preventive measure against NNT is vaccination of the pregnant women with the tetanus toxoid (TT) vaccine. The case-fatality rate from tetanus in resource-constrained settings can be close to 100% but can be reduced to 50% if access to basic medical care with adequate number of experienced staff is available.

Materials and methods
This retrospective study reviewed the admissions into the Special Care Baby Unit (SCBU) of the Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti from January 2011 to December 2020. The folders were retrieved from the records department of the hospital; Information obtained from folders were entered into a designed proforma for the study.

Results
During the study period, NNT constituted 0.34% of all neonatal admissions with case fatality rate of 52.6%. Seven [36.8%] of the babies were delivered at Mission home/Traditional Birth Attendant’s place while 5 [26.3%] were delivered in private hospitals. Cord care was with hot water compress in most of these babies16 [48.5%] while only 9% of the mothers cleaned the cord with methylated spirit. Age at presentation of less than one week was significantly associated with mortality, same with presence of autonomic dysfunction. Low family socio-economic class 5 was significantly associated with poor outcome, so also maternal age above 24 years.

Conclusion
This study revealed that neonatal tetanus is still being seen in our clinical practice with poor outcome and the risk factors are the same as of old.
Increased public health campaign, promotion of clean deliveries, safe cord care practices, affordable and accessible health care provision are recommended to combat NNT scourge.
Diabetic foot ulcers: Retrospective comparative analysis from Sicily between two eras
Authors: Guarnotta Valentina , Radellini Stefano , Vigneri Enrica , Cernigliaro Achille , Pantò Felicia , Scondotto Salvatore , Almasio Piero Luigi , Guercio Giovanni , Giordano Carla 
Published: December 2021

AimThe aim of this study was to analyze changes in the incidence, management and mortality of DFU in Sicilian Type 2 diabetic patients hospitalized between two eras, i.e. 2008–2013 and 2014–2019.MethodsWe compared the two eras, era1: 2008–13, era2: 2014–19. In era 1, n = 149, and in era 2, n = 181 patients were retrospectively enrolled.ResultsIn the population hospitalized for DFU in 2008–2013, 59.1% of males and 40.9% of females died, whilst in 2014–2019 65.9% of males and 34.1% of females died. Moderate chronic kidney disease (CKD) was significantly higher in patients that had died than in ones that were alive (33% vs. 43%, p < 0.001), just as CKD was severe (14.5% vs. 4%, p < 0.001). Considering all together the risk factors associated with mortality, at Cox regression multivariate analysis only moderate-severe CKD (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.07–2.42, p 0.021), age of onset greater than 69 years (OR 2.01, 95% CI 1.37–2.95, p <0.001) and eGFR less than 92 ml/min (OR 2.84, 95% CI 1.51–5.34, p 0.001) were independently associated with risk of death.ConclusionsPatients with DFU have high mortality and reduced life expectancy. Age at onset of diabetic foot ulcer, eGFR values and CKD are the principal risk factors for mortality.
Efficacy and safety of single-step transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy with the all-surface laser ablation SCHWIND platform without mitomycin-C for high myopia: A retrospective study of 69 eyes
Authors: Giral Jean Baptiste , Bloch Florian , Sot Maxime , Zevering Yinka , El Nar Arpine , Vermion Jean Charles , Goetz Christophe , Lhuillier Louis , Perone Jean-Marc 
Published: December 2021

Background
Studies suggest that transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (TransPRK) with the all-surface laser ablation (ASLA)-SCHWIND platform is effective and safe for both low-moderate myopia and high myopia. In most studies, mitomycin-C is administered immediately after surgery to prevent corneal opacification (haze), which is a significant complication of photorefractive keratectomy in general. However, there is evidence that adjuvant mitomycin-C induces endothelial cytotoxicity. Moreover, a recent study showed that omitting adjuvant mitomycin-C did not increase haze in low-moderate myopia. The present case-series study examined the efficacy, safety, and haze rates of eyes with high myopia that underwent ASLA-SCHWIND TransPRK without adjuvant mitomycin-C.

Methods
All consecutive eyes with high myopia (≤-6 D) that were treated in 2018–2020 with the SCHWIND Amaris 500E® TransPRK excimer laser without adjuvant mitomycin-C in a tertiary-care hospital (France) and were followed up for 6 months were identified. Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), and spherical equivalent (SE) were recorded before and after surgery. Postoperative haze was graded using the 4-grade Fantes scale. Efficacy rate (frequency of eyes with 6-month UCVA ≤0.1 logMAR), safety rate (frequency of eyes that lost <2 BSCVA lines), predictability (frequency of eyes with 6-month SE equal to target SE±0.5 D), efficacy index (mean UCVA at 6 months/preoperative BSCVA), and safety index (BSCVA at 6 months/preoperative BSCVA) were computed.

Results
Sixty-nine eyes (38 patients) were included. Mean preoperative and 6-month SE were -7.44 and -0.05 D, respectively. Mean 6-month UCVA and BSCVA were 0.00 and -0.02 logMAR, respectively. Efficacy rate and index were 95.7% and 1.08, respectively. Safety rate and index were 95.7% and 1.13, respectively. Predictability was 85.5%. Grade 3–4 haze never arose. At 6 months, the haze rate was zero.

Conclusions
ASLA-SCHWIND TransPRK without mitomycin-C appears to be safe as well as effective and accurate for high myopia.
Boltanski’s dilemma: Mimetics, distance and spectating suffering
Authors: Keefe John 
Published: December 2021

Working from the Crucifixion episode or pageant from the York Corpus Christi Play, two questions were asked of the spectator:

1.
How do they look at such a theatre (scene) from their own time and culture and experiences?

2.
How do we look at such a theatre (scene) from our own time and culture and experiences?

A third question may now be asked by following what we may call ‘Boltanski’s dilemma’: what sort of pity can we really feel for an imaginary scene on the stage? This article will revisit the earlier piece (2010) as archive material to develop key themes now encapsulated by Boltanski’s question and challenge. The article will draw on current neuro-cognitive research that challenges and re-grounds our understanding of empathy and projection of self in the embodied mind. This informs the spectatorial experience, the spectator’s ability to see and accept the ‘double reality’ of the theatre and other visual (mimetic) experience, and the issues of ‘moral distance’ represented by Boltanski, Bandura and others. Boltanski’s dilemma confronts us as knowing spectators with the inherent ethical paradox of any and all representations of suffering in any given cultural and social context. The article will draw on case studies from theatre(s), film and art to illustrate and exemplify the position of the spectator: in the spirit of ethos, a series of musings, of questions and signposts as well as arguments.
Modifying Crohn's Colitis Recurrence Through Surgery? The Jury Is Still Out
Authors: Sang Adam , Shmidt Eugenia , Melton Genevieve B. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Data suggesting that the mesentery plays an important pathophysiologic role in Crohn's disease and recurrence make the mesentery an attractive therapeutic target during surgical management of Crohn's disease. A new study by Zhu et al. demonstrates that patients with Crohn's colitis who undergo a more extensive mesenteric resection may have a lower rate of needing subsequent operations. We discuss some of the reasons why these data, although much needed by the inflammatory bowel disease community, do not yet sway standard surgical practice for Crohn's colitis.
Muzyczny eklektyzm w trzech etiudach Romana Polańskiego. Rozbijemy zabawę, Lampa i Gdy spadają anioły
Authors: Pomostowski Piotr 
Published: December 2021

Author of the article, juxtaposing together three studies school of Roman Polanski, discusses the functions of music used in each of them. Due to the fact that the entire work the author of the Pianist’s is characterized by musical eclecticism – which is the main thesis of the article – it is proposed to look at the film music of early Polanski films, and to try to find a specific lineage of this eclecticism. Break Up the Dance, Lamp and When Angels Fall titles, which in the light filmic and musicological investigations differ from each other. Do not change the fact that each of these works “signs” that the director – the creator of not only the visual layer, but also (not forgetting the work of the composer) sound. In his early work Roman Polanski begins to create a kind of “range of methods” in relation to functions of music in the work of the film. The article is an attempt to systematize them and to find the film and the music key.
Etiudy animowane Grzegorza Wacławka
Authors: Domalewski Adam 
Published: December 2021

The author considers in the paper three animated etudes made by Grzegorz Wacławek in Film School in Łódź. Films entitled Gleam, Scrap and Lost share many common features: creation of the hero’s outer world, extensive use of symbolism and condensation of events centered around one or two heroes. Particularly interesting mean used by Wacławek in endings of the films is the transformation of the presented world that can be named a scale change. Also on this basis director’s animations are metaphorically interpreted, showing their existential meaning, close to the tradition of Polish Animation School.
Task-Related Modulation of Sensorimotor GABA+ Levels in Association with Brain Activity and Motor Performance: A Multimodal MRS–fMRI Study in Young and Older Adults
Authors: Maes Celine , Cuypers Koen , Peeters Ronald , Sunaert Stefan , Edden Richard A. E. , Gooijers Jolien , Swinnen Stephan P. 
Published: December 2021

Recent studies suggest an important role of the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA for motor performance in the context of aging. Nonetheless, as previous magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies primarily reported resting-state GABA levels, much less is known about transient changes in GABA levels during motor task performance and how these relate to behavior and brain activity patterns. Therefore, we investigated GABA+ levels of left primary sensorimotor cortex (SM1) acquired before, during, and after execution of a unimanual/bimanual action selection task in 30 (human) young adults (YA; age 24.5 ± 4.1, 15 male) and 30 older adults (OA; age 67.8 ± 4.9, 14 male). In addition to task-related MRS data, task-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were acquired. Behavioral results indicated lower motor performance in OA as opposed to YA, particularly in complex task conditions. MRS results demonstrated lower GABA+ levels in OA as compared with YA. Furthermore, a transient task-related decrease of GABA+ levels was observed, regardless of age. Notably, this task-induced modulation of GABA+ levels was linked to task-related brain activity patterns in SM1 such that a more profound task-induced instantaneous lowering of GABA+ was related to higher SM1 activity. Additionally, higher brain activity was related to better performance in the bimanual conditions, despite some age-related differences. Finally, the modulatory capacity of GABA+ was positively related to motor performance in OA but not YA. Together, these results underscore the importance of transient dynamical changes in neurochemical content for brain function and behavior, particularly in the context of aging.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTEmerging evidence designates an important role to regional GABA levels in motor control, especially in the context of aging. However, it remains unclear whether changes in GABA levels emerge when executing a motor task and how these changes relate to brain activity patterns and performance. Here, we identified a transient decrease of sensorimotor GABA+ levels during performance of an action selection task across young adults (YA) and older adults (OA). Interestingly, whereas a more profound GABA+ modulation related to higher brain activity across age groups, its association with motor performance differed across age groups. Within OA, our results highlighted a functional merit of a task-related release from inhibitory tone, i.e. lowering regional GABA+ levels was associated with task-relevant brain activity.
Serum diiodotyrosine – a biomarker to differentiate destructive thyroiditis from Graves’ disease
Authors: Fujita Naoya , Ono Yosuke , Sano Azusa , Kimata Motohiro , Oyama Seigo , Hashimoto Kenichi , Sato Ikuya , Kudo Masahiko , Miyashiro Yoshimichi , Fujikata Akira , Tanaka Yuji 
Published: December 2021

Objective
Conventional diagnostic methods are limited in their ability to differentiate destructive thyroiditis from Graves’ disease. We hypothesised that serum diiodotyrosine (DIT) and monoiodotyrosine (MIT) levels could be biomarkers for differentiating destructive thyroiditis from Graves’ disease.

Design
Patients with destructive thyroiditis (n  = 13) and Graves’ disease (n  = 22) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study.

Methods
We assayed the serum DIT and MIT levels using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the serum DIT and MIT levels as biomarkers for differentiating destructive thyroiditis from Graves’ disease.

Results
The serum DIT and MIT levels were significantly higher in patients with destructive thyroiditis than in those with Graves’ disease. The ROC curve analysis showed that the serum DIT levels (≥359.9 pg/mL) differentiated destructive thyroiditis from Graves’ disease, significantly, with 100.0% sensitivity and 95.5% specificity (P < 0.001). The diagnostic accuracy of the serum MIT levels (≥119.4 pg/mL) was not as high as that of the serum DIT levels (sensitivity, 84.6%; specificity, 77.3%; P = 0.001).

Conclusions
The serum DIT levels may serve as a novel diagnostic biomarker for differentiating destructive thyroiditis from Graves’ disease.
Is Surgical Thrombo-Embolectomy in Acute Limb Ischemia Still Advantageous in Patients More Than 65 Years of Age?
Authors: Duzgun Ali Cemal , Ilkeli Ekin 
Published: December 2021

Objective: In this study, we investigated the benefits of using Fogarty balloon catheterization in the treatment of acute leg ischemia with respect to amputation, fasciotomy, and mortality in older patients.
Methods: A total of 102 patients age >65 who had a Fogarty thrombo-embolectomy for acute thromboembolic limb ischemia were investigated retrospectively. Patients were evaluated based on Rutherford IIa and IIb criteria and duration of ischemia. Duration of ischemia was divided into 3 categories (as 0 to 4, 4 to 8, and >8 hours) to evaluate the effect of ischemia period on vital parameters and mortality. Analysis with Cox regression showed that 30-day mortality was associated with older age and number of comorbidities such as amputation and fasciotomy.
Results: In 102 patients >65 years of age who underwent embolectomy, rates were 7.2% fasciotomy (n = 7) and 13.7% amputation (n = 14), and 10 patients died (9.8%). According to multiple regression analysis, the surgical risk increases 1074 times when each year is added to the chronological age of over 65 years.
Conclusion: In a majority of cases, limb salvage can be obtained via simple embolectomy rather than risking intravenous iodinated contrast. Although alternatives in older patients are limited, the Fogarty catheter should be regarded as a first-line treatment because of its ease of use and low complication rate.