bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FrogCap: A modular sequence capture probe‐set for phylogenomics and population genetics for all frogs, assessed across multiple phylogenetic scales
Authors: Hutter Carl R. , Cobb Kerry A. , Portik Daniel M. , Travers Scott L. , Wood Perry L. , Brown Rafe M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDespite the prevalence of high‐throughput sequencing in phylogenetics, many relationships remain difficult to resolve because of conflicting signal among genomic regions. Selection of different types of molecular markers from different genomic regions is required to overcome these challenges. For evolutionary studies in frogs, we introduce the publicly available FrogCap suite of genomic resources, which is a large collection of ~15,000 markers that unifies previous genetic sequencing efforts. FrogCap is designed to be modular, such that subsets of markers and SNPs can be selected based on the desired phylogenetic scale. FrogCap uses a variety of marker types that include exons and introns, ultraconserved elements, and previously sequenced Sanger markers, which span up to 10,000 bp in alignment lengths; in addition, we demonstrate potential for SNP‐based analyses. We tested FrogCap using 121 samples distributed across five phylogenetic scales, comparing probes designed using a consensus‐ or exemplar genome‐based approach. Using the consensus design is more resilient to issues with sensitivity, specificity, and missing data than picking an exemplar genome sequence. We also tested the impact of different bait kit sizes (20,020 vs. 40,040) on depth of coverage and found triple the depth for the 20,020 bait kit. We observed sequence capture success (i.e., missing data, sequenced markers/bases, marker length, and informative sites) across phylogenetic scales. The incorporation of different marker types is effective for deep phylogenetic relationships and shallow population genetics studies. Having demonstrated FrogCap's utility and modularity, we conclude that these new resources are efficacious for high‐throughput sequencing projects across variable timescales.
Group B streptococcal infection of the genitourinary tract in pregnant and non‐pregnant patients with diabetes mellitus: An immunocompromised host or something more?
Authors: Nguyen Lynsa M. , Omage Joel I. , Noble Kristen , McNew Kelsey L. , Moore Daniel J. , Aronoff David M. , Doster Ryan S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGroup B Streptococcus (GBS), also known as Streptococcus agalactiae is a Gram‐positive bacterium commonly encountered as part of the microbiota within the human gastrointestinal tract. A common cause of infections during pregnancy, GBS is responsible for invasive diseases ranging from urinary tract infections to chorioamnionitis and neonatal sepsis. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease resulting from impaired regulation of blood glucose levels. The incidence of DM has steadily increased worldwide to affecting over 450 million people. Poorly controlled DM is associated with multiple health comorbidities including an increased risk for infection. Epidemiologic studies have clearly demonstrated that DM correlates with an increased risk for invasive GBS infections, including skin and soft tissue infections and sepsis in non‐pregnant adults. However, the impact of DM on risk for invasive GBS urogenital infections, particularly during the already vulnerable time of pregnancy, is less clear. We review the evolving epidemiology, immunology, and pathophysiology of GBS urogenital infections including rectovaginal colonization during pregnancy, neonatal infections of infants exposed to DM in utero, and urinary tract infections in pregnant and non‐pregnant adults in the context of DM and highlight in vitro studies examining why DM might increase risk for GBS urogenital infection.
Hypothermic oxygenated perfusion ameliorates ischemia‐reperfusion injury of fatty liver in mice via Brg1/Nrf2/HO‐1 axis
Authors: Wang Shengjie , Zeng Xianpeng , Yang Yunying , Li Shiyi , Wang Yanfeng , Ye Qifa , Fan Xiaoli 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundAfter cold storage (CS) and subsequent transplantation, fatty liver is more inclined to develop liver dysfunction and serious postoperative complications in contrast to healthy liver. Hypothermic oxygenated perfusion (HOPE) is a safe and efficacious system, which can repair fatty liver and reduce ischemia‐reperfusion injury. The aim of this research is to investigate the function of Brg1/Nrf2/HO‐1 signaling pathway in the protective effect of HOPE on ischemia‐reperfusion injury of fatty liver.MethodsThe mouse fatty liver model was successfully established and verified by hematoxylin‐eosin (HE) staining and oil red O staining. The animals were divided into Control group, CS group and HOPE group. The levels of liver enzyme and lactate in the perfusate were used to measure liver function and cellular metabolism. HE staining and TUNEL staining were utilized to assess the tissue structure and apoptosis, respectively. The levels of superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species in liver tissue were measured to quantitatively analyze the degree of oxidative stress, and the expressions of protein Brg1, Nrf2 and HO‐1 were detected by means of the western blot. Double‐labeling immunofluorescence was to explore the colocalization of Brg1 and Nrf2.ResultsThe injury of the liver in the CS group was more serious than that in the control group. However, HOPE could significantly reduce the injury, which was manifested by the improvement of liver function and cellular metabolism, and the lower degrees of apoptosis, necrosis and oxidative stress. Furthermore, the expressions of Brg1, Nrf2 and HO‐1 in the HOPE group were significantly increased than those in the CS group.ConclusionsOne‐hour HOPE treatment before reperfusion can obviously improve the injury of fatty liver in mice. The underlying mechanism may be that the interaction of Brg1 and Nrf2 can selectively activate the transcription of HO‐1.
Team‐level servant leadership and team performance: The mediating roles of organizational citizenship behavior and internal social capital
Authors: Ruiz‐Palomino Pablo , Linuesa‐Langreo Jorge , Elche Dioni 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAmong the many approaches to leadership, servant leaders stand out for the emphasis they place on the importance of service to their followers, the organization, and the broader community. We develop and test a multilevel mediation model, in which the relationship between servant leadership and team performance is sequentially transmitted through individual‐level organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and team‐based internal social capital. Multilevel structural equation modeling was applied to a sample of 343 teams, reflecting 835 respondents from various departments at 171 hotels in Spain; both top‐down (between team leaders and individual employees) and bottom‐up relationships (individual employee behavior and team outcomes) were assessed. As anticipated, individual‐level OCB and group‐level internal social capital fully mediated the positive effect of servant leadership on team performance. Our findings illustrate that servant leadership in the team‐based business enterprise context can foster virtuous individual‐level OCB to help build task‐focused community, in which leaders, followers, and teams can flourish for the common good. Thus, managers should know that serving their team members first and foremost is a positive for the flourishing of all involved. As such, policymakers should pursue communication and training initiatives to encourage the practice of servant leadership.
SARS‐COV‐2 vaccination with BNT162B2 in renal transplant patients: Risk factors for impaired response and immunological implications
Authors: Russo Gianluca , Lai Quirino , Poli Luca , Perrone Maria Paola , Gaeta Aurelia , Rossi Massimo , Mastroianni Claudio M. , Garofalo Manuela , Pretagostini Renzo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSolid organ transplant patients are at a higher risk for poor CoronaVirus Disease‐2019 (COVID‐19)‐related outcomes and have been included as a priority group in the vaccination strategy worldwide. We assessed the safety and efficacy of a two‐dose vaccination cycle with mRNA‐based COVID‐19 vaccine (BNT162b2) among 82 kidney transplant outpatients followed in our center in Rome, Italy. After a median of 43 post‐vaccine days, a SARS‐CoV‐2 anti‐Spike seroprevalence of 52.4% (n = 43/82) was observed. No impact of the vaccination on antibody‐mediated rejection or graft function was observed, and no significant safety concerns were reported. Moreover, no de novo HLA‐donor‐specific antibodies (DSA) were detected during the follow‐up period. Only one patient with pre‐vaccination HLA‐DSA did not experience an increased intensity of the existing HLA‐DSA. During the follow‐up, only one infection (mild COVID‐19) was observed in a patient after receiving the first vaccine dose. According to the multivariable logistic regression analysis, lack of seroconversion after two‐dose vaccination independently associated with patient age ≥60 years (OR = 4.50; P = .02) and use of anti‐metabolite as an immunosuppressant drug (OR = 5.26; P = .004). Among younger patients not taking anti‐metabolites, the seroconversion rate was high (92.9%). Further larger studies are needed to assess the best COVID‐19 vaccination strategy in transplanted patients.
Trade patterns and institutional change in East Asia
Authors: Choi Moon Jung , Chung Kee Hoon 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe investigate how trade patterns – institutionally intensive exports (IIX) – affect institutional quality in East Asia compared to the rest of the world, and whether the effect changed due to the Asian financial crisis. To examine this, we use panel data of 117 countries for the period 1988–2007. Our fixed effect model estimation reveals that the effect of IIX on institutional quality is negative and significant for East Asia, while the effect is insignificant for the rest of the world. The negative effect in East Asia is more pronounced for the five East Asian countries that were strongly affected by the crisis – South Korea, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines and Thailand – than for other East Asian countries. Furthermore, our results reveal that the negative effect for East Asia does not change significantly after the crisis, both in the short and long term, and that improvement in institutional quality after the crisis is not different from that of the rest of the world. This suggests that the crisis had no significant impact on East Asia's institutional quality or on the effects of IIX on institutional quality.
Extension of a novel diagnostic index to include soft tissue injuries: Modified Eden Baysal Dental Trauma Index
Authors: Eden Ece , Onetto Juan Eduardo , O’Connell Anne C. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimAccurate records of traumatic dental injuries are important for clinical management and data collection for research. Soft tissue injuries often accompany dental trauma and should be appropriately recorded. The Eden Baysal Dental Trauma Index (EBDTI) provides an easy recording system of useful information about traumatic dental injuries on a tooth basis. The aim of this study was to extend the EBDTI index to record soft tissue injuries in a concise format and to approve the face and content validity of this version as the modified EBDTI (MEBDTI).Materials and MethodsAn extension to EBDTI was developed by adding superscript numbers from 0 to 8 to represent soft tissue injuries related to dental trauma. The Rand e‐Delphi method was used to evaluate this version of the index. A definition and two statements about the index were sent to 15 international panel experts to be assessed independently on a 9‐point Likert scale where 1 represented “total disagreement,” and 9 indicated “total agreement.” The panel needed to reach a 75% consensus for validation. A numerical code was suggested using zero to depict no soft tissue injury; 1–4 to record extra‐oral injuries; and 5–8 to record intra‐oral injuries (for example, gingiva, frenulum, and palate). Traumatic dental injury of the tooth/teeth is recorded using EBDTI in square brackets, and soft tissue codes are used as superscript numbers outside the brackets on a patient basis.ResultsThe panel reached a consensus on the definition (86.7%) and two statements (86.7% and 93.3%) in one round. Various cases are presented to demonstrate the application of the index.ConclusionThe Modified Eden Baysal Dental Trauma Index was developed to record soft tissue. injuries on a patient basis and was approved for face and content validity.
Pre‐eclampsia, gestational diabetes and hypertensive disorders in patients with intracranial aneurysms: A case–control study
Authors: Kotikoski Satu , Kurtelius Arttu , Nurmonen Heidi J. , Paavola Juho , Kärkkäinen Virve , Huuskonen Terhi J. , Huttunen Jukka , Koivisto Timo , von und zu Fraunberg Mikael , Jääskeläinen Juha E. , Lindgren Antti E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeThe aim of this study was to define the prevalence of pre‐eclampsia, gestational hypertension (HT), chronic HT, and gestational diabetes during pregnancy in a defined population of patients with saccular intracranial aneurysms (sIAs).MethodsWe included all patients with sIA, first admitted to the Neurosurgery Department of Kuopio University Hospital from its defined catchment population between 1990 and 2015, who had given birth for the first time in 1990 or later. The patients’ medical records were reviewed, and clinical data were linked with prescription drug usage, hospital diagnoses and causes of death, obtained from nationwide registries. The prevalences of pre‐eclampsia, other hypertensive disorders and gestational diabetes in patients were compared with a matched control population (n = 324). In addition, the characteristics of sIA disease in patients with pre‐eclampsia were compared to those of sIA patients without pre‐eclampsia.ResultsA total of 169 patients with sIA fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Of these, 22 (13%) had pre‐eclampsia and 32 (19%) had other hypertensive disorders during pregnancy. In 324 matched controls who had given birth, the prevalence of pre‐eclampsia was 5% (n = 15) and other hypertensive disorders were diagnosed in 10% (n = 34). There was no significant difference in prevalence of gestational diabetes (12% vs. 11%). Patients with sIA with pre‐eclampsia more frequently had irregularly shaped aneurysms (p = 0·003).ConclusionsPre‐eclampsia was significantly more frequent in patients with sIA than in their population controls. Irregularly shaped aneurysms were more frequent in sIA patients with pre‐eclampsia. Further studies are required to determine whether history of pre‐eclampsia may indicate an elevated risk for sIA formation or rupture.
Machine learning‐based model for prediction of power consumption in smart grid‐ smart way towards smart city
Authors: Tiwari Shamik , Jain Anurag , Ahmed Nada Mohamed Osman Sid , Charu  , Alkwai Lulwah M. , Dafhalla Alaa Kamal Yousif , Hamad Sawsan Ali Saad 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA smart city is an idea that is realized by the computing of a large amount of data collected through sensors, cameras, and other electronic methods to provide services, manage resources and solve daily life problems. The transformation of the conventional grid to a smart grid is one step in the direction towards smart city realization. An electric grid is composed of control stations, generation centres, transformers, communication lines, and distributors, which helps in transferring power from the power station to domestic and commercial consumers. Present electric grids are not smart enough that they can estimate the varying power requirement of the consumer. Also, these conventional grids are not enough robust and scalable. This has become the motivation for shifting from a conventional grid to a smart grid. The smart grid is a kind of power grid, which is robust and adapts itself to the varying needs of the consumer and self‐healing in nature. In this way, the transformation from a conventional grid to a smart grid will help the government to make a smart city. The emergence of machine learning has helped in the prediction of the stability of the grid under the dynamically changing requirement of the consumer. Also, the usage of a variety of sensors will help in the collection of real‐time consumption data. Through machine learning algorithms, we can gain an insight view of the collected data. This has helped the smart grid to convert into a robust smart grid, as this will help in avoiding the situation of failure. In this work, the authors have applied logistic regression, decision tree, support vector machine, linear discriminant analysis, quadratic discriminant analysis, naïve Bayes, random forest, and k‐nearest neighbour algorithms to predict the stability of the grid. The authors have used the smart grid stability dataset freely available on Kaggle to train and test the models. It has been found that a model designed using the support vector machine algorithm has given the most accurate result.
Cranial shape variation in mink: Separating two highly similar species
Authors: Gálvez‐López Eloy , Kilbourne Brandon , Cox Philip G. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEuropean and American minks (Mustela lutreola and Neovison vison, respectively) are very similar in their ecology, behavior, and morphology. However, the American mink is a generalist predator and seems to adapt better to anthropized environments, allowing it to outcompete the European mink in areas where it has been introduced, threatening the survival of the native species. To assess whether morphological differences may be contributing to the success of the American mink relative to the European mink, we analyzed shape variation in the cranium of both species using 3D geometric morphometrics. A set of 38 landmarks and 107 semilandmarks was used to study shape variation between and within species, and to assess how differences in size factored into that variation. Sexual dimorphism in both size and shape was also studied. Significant differences between species were found in cranial shape, but not in size. Relative to American mink, European mink have a shorter facial region with a rounder forehead and wider orbits, a longer neurocranium with less developed crests and processes, and an antero‐medially placed tympanic bullae with an anteriorly expanded cranial border. Within species, size‐related sexual dimorphism is highly significant, but sexual dimorphism in shape is only significant in American mink, not in European mink. Additionally, two trends common to both species were discovered, one related to allometric changes and another to sexual size dimorphism. Shape changes related to increasing size can be subdivided into two, probably related, groups: increased muscle force and growth. The first group somewhat parallels the differences between both mink species, while the second group of traits includes an anterodorsal expansion of the face, and the neurocranium shifting from a globous shape in small individuals to a dorsoventrally flattened ellipse in the largest ones. Finally, the sexual dimorphism trend, while also accounting for differences in muscle force, seems to be related to the observed dietary differences between males and females. Overall, differences between species and sexes, and shape changes with increasing size, seem to mainly relate to differences in masticatory‐muscle volume and therefore muscle force and bite force, which, in turn, relate to a wider range of potential prey (bigger prey, tougher shells). Thus, muscle force (and dietary range) would be larger in American mink than in European mink, in males than in females, and in larger individuals than in smaller ones.
Uterine torsion and intrauterine growth restriction: Case report and systematic literature review
Authors: Ferrari Federico , Ferrari Filippo Alberto , Negri Beatrice , Forte Sara , Franceschetti Laura , Sartori Enrico , Odicino Franco 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurposeUterine torsion (UT) in pregnancy is a rare condition in obstetric practice. It is defined as a rotation of the uterus of more than 45° around its long axis. Presentations are varied and, most of the time, this condition is recognized at laparotomy or cesarean section (CS). The aim of this study is to summarize the latest evidence about UT in pregnancy.MethodsA systematic research of the literature was conducted fetching all papers published from March 2006 to June 2020. We collected data regarding clinical features, treatment, and feto‐maternal outcomes. Finally, we reported data of a case of UT associated with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) diagnosed and treated at our institution.ResultsAccording to our search strategy, 38 articles were included. In 66% of the cases, acute symptomatology was present at the onset, most frequently abdominal pain was reported. In one‐third of the cases, UT was diagnosed during CS without clinical suspicion. Only in two cases, including our case, IUGR was reported. Most (66%) of the cases presented a 180° torsion. In the majority of the cases, a CS was performed also with a deliberate or accidental posterior hysterotomy. One and six cases of maternal and fetal death were, respectively, reported.ConclusionUT is an infrequent obstetric condition but should be considered in case of abdominal pain, vomiting, or shock presentation during pregnancy. It could lead to a reduction in uterine blood flow contributing to poor placental perfusion, even though more evidence is needed to clarify this link.
Once a Founder, Always a Founder? The Role of External Former Founders in Corporate Boards
Authors: Terbeck Hendrik , Rieger Verena , Van Quaquebeke Niels , Engelen Andreas 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPublic corporations often appoint external former founders to their boards in hope that they will encourage a (re‐)focus on creating future new business. Seeking to investigate this common practice, we integrate upper echelons theory with imprinting theory, arguing that founding a company indeed represents a formative experience that will leave an imprint on founders and their subsequent board decision‐making. Subsequent to their founding experience, however, some founders may be subjected to likewise formative but public corporate experiences, for instance, by taking their own business public or by assuming CEO positions in other corporations, that will lead to a decay of the original founding imprint and its effect. We find support for our reasoning across corporate boards in S&P1500 firms ranging from 2000 to 2012.
Capitalizing an epidemic: Does voluntary license stabilizes access to patented vaccines and public health crisis?
Authors: Agarwal Harshita 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe spread of SARS‐CoV‐2 has paused the entire commercial sector except for the pharmaceutical domain. This highly contagious virus has kept the pharmaceutical domain, and publicly funded research institutions dynamically occupied in the R&D process to achieve the vaccine for the treatment and eradication of the COVID‐19 virus. The key issues are not the incentives for R&D but the accessibility of such vaccines at the ground level amidst voluntary licensing, elliptically, the dilemma encompassing innovations, patent rights, accessibility, and public health emergencies amidst stakeholders with contrasting interests. The voluntary licensing approach promotes a balance between native generic manufactures and international groups yearning to protect their intellectual property (IP) rights while boosting goodwill via better accessibility of such medicine, and concurrently providing pharmaceutical giants a constructive business strategy to set foot in developing markets. Patent rights and more significantly voluntary licensing might have a consequential impact on the public healthcare niche as it would facilitate a grip of patent holders concerning private governance activities over IP‐protected technologies. This paper provides an overview of voluntary licensing and its implications on vaccines in the pandemic.