bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of sexual violence and its associated factors among housemaids attending evening schools in urban settings of Gedeo zone, Southern Ethiopia: A school based cross sectional study
Authors: Gezahegn Kalkidan , Semagn Selamawit , Shaka Mohammed Feyisso 
Published: October 2021

Background
Housemaids are the most vulnerable group to sexual violence due to their working condition, isolation and school arrangements. Despite the ubiquity of sexual violence among the domestic work sector, particularly among housemaids, this area of research continues to be neglected. This study was aimed at examining the prevalence and factors pertaining to sexual violence among housemaids attending night school program in urban setups of Gedeo zone, Southern Ethiopia.

Method
A school based quantitative cross sectional study was conducted among 394 housemaids attending night schools in the urban setups of Gedeo Zone from April to May 2019. After stratifying of students using class grade, SRS technique was used to choose study subjects from each stratum. Quantitative data was collected using face to face interview and qualitative was collected using focus group discussion, in-depth interview and key informant interview. The data was entered and analyzed by SPSS version 20. Binary logistic regression was fitted to determine the association of each independent variable with the dependent variable.

Result
Based on the finding, the prevalence of sexual violence was 60.2%. The odds of experiencing sexual violence through working life-time as housemaid was higher for those who had migrated from rural to urban for work [AOR = 1.97: 95% CI, (1.07,3.63)], had less than 5 years of experience as housemaid [AOR = 3.10: 95% CI, (1.60, 6.00)], were in the age group of 15–19 [AOR = 3.75:95% CI (1.88, 7.46), ever used alcohol [AOR = 6.77: 95% CI, (2.65,17.33)] and whose fathers lacked formal education [AOR = 2.75:95%CI (1.24,6.08)]. On the other hand, unmarried /housemaids having no regular sexual partner were less likely to face sexual violence [AOR. = 0.28: 95% CI, (0.13, 0.57)].

Conclusion
The level of sexual violence was found to be high among housemaids attending night schools in in this study. Housemaids from rural area, those newly starting the work, younger housemaids, and those who were married were more likely to be victims of sexual violence.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant women in Nigeria
Authors: Olakunde Babayemi O. , Adeyinka Daniel A. , Olakunde Olubunmi A. , Uthman Olalekan A. , Bada Florence O. , Nartey Yvonne A. , Obiri-Yeboah Dorcas , Paintsil Elijah , Ezeanolue Echezona E. 
Published: October 2021

Background
Nigeria has a high burden of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, commonly acquired through vertical transmission. However, there is a lack of an efficient surveillance system for monitoring and understanding the epidemiology of HBV among pregnant women. Building on a previous review on the prevalence of HBV in Nigeria (2000–2013), we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of HBV prevalence among pregnant women in Nigeria.

Methods
Four electronic databases PubMed, Embase, Global Health, and Scopus were systematically searched from January 2014 to February 2021. We also searched the African Journal Online and manually scanned the reference lists of the identified studies for potentially eligible articles. Observational studies that reported the prevalence of HBsAg and/or HBeAg among pregnant women in peer-reviewed journals were included in the study. We performed a meta-analysis using a random-effects model. We defined HBV infection as a positive test to HBsAg.

Results
From the 158 studies identified, 20 studies with a total sample size of 26, 548 were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of HBV infection among pregnant women across the studies was 6.49% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.75–8.46%; I2 = 96.7%, p = 0.001; n = 20). The prevalence of HBV was significantly lower among pregnant women with at least secondary education compared with those with no education or primary education (prevalence ratio = 0.7, 95% CI = 0.58–0.87; n = 10). However, the prevalence of HBV was not significantly different by age, religion, marital status, or tribe. The prevalence of HBV was not significantly different among pregnant women with previous surgery, blood transfusion, multiple lifetime sex partners, tribal marks, tattoos, scarification, or sexually transmitted infections, compared with those without these risk factors. From a total sample size of 128 (n = 7), the pooled prevalence of HBeAg among HBV-infected pregnant women was 14.59% (95% CI = 4.58–27.99%; I2 = 65.5%, p = 0.01). Subgroup analyses of HBV infection by study region and screening method, and meta-regression analysis of the study year, sample size, and quality rating were not statistically significant.

Conclusions
There is an intermediate endemicity of HBV infection among pregnant women in Nigeria. Interventions, such as routine antenatal HBV screening, antiviral prophylaxis for eligible pregnant women, and infant HBV vaccination should be scaled up for the prevention of perinatal transmission of HBV infection in Nigeria.
Long term dual antiretroviral therapy: A real life retrospective countrywide Israeli study
Authors: David Daniel , Kedem Eynat , Turner Dan , Levy Itzchak , Elbirt Daniel G. , Shahar Eduardo , Istumin Valery , Mor Orna , Chowers Michal , Elinav Hila 
Published: October 2021

AimCombined antiretroviral treatment (cART) traditionally consists of three antiretroviral medications, while two-drug regimens (2DR), historically used infrequently, recently been suggested to be non-inferior to three-drug regimens, is emerging as a potential treatment option and is currently a recommended option for treatment initiation in many guidelines.PurposeCharacterize the indications and clinical efficacy of 2DR use at a real-life setting in a nation-wide survey.MethodsA cross-sectional survey of Israeli patients treated by 2DR until July 2019, included demographic, immunologic, virologic, genotypic and biochemical/metabolic parameters at diagnosis, ART initiation, 2DR initiation and following 24, 48, 96 and 144 weeks of 2DR treatment.Results176 patients were included in the study. In contrast to historical data implicating ART resistance and adverse effects as the major reasons leading to 2DR switching, treatment simplification was the main reason leading to 2DR treatment in 2019. 2DR that included INSTI and PI were more commonly used in cases of drug resistance, while a combination of INSTI and NNRTI was used in all other 2DR indications. A switch to 2DR induced a mean CD4 T cell increase from 599 cells/μl at treatment initiation to 680 cells/μl at 96 weeks of treatment p<0.001 and viral suppression improvement from 73.9% at initiation to 87.0% at 48 weeks of treatment (p = 0.004). PI and INSTI 2DR was inferior in suppressing viral levels compared to other 2DRs but used for subset of more complex patients.Conclusions2DR in a large-scale real-life nation-wide survey proved to be safe and effective. Most 2DRs, other than PI and INSTI, were similarly effective in suppressing HIV viremia and in elevating CD4 T cell counts.
Longitudinal stability and interrelations between health behavior and subjective well-being in a follow-up of nine years
Authors: Stenlund Säde , Junttila Niina , Koivumaa-Honkanen Heli , Sillanmäki Lauri , Stenlund David , Suominen Sakari , Lagström Hanna , Rautava Päivi 
Published: October 2021

Background
The bidirectional relationship between health behavior and subjective well-being has previously been studied sparsely, and mainly for individual health behaviors and regression models. In the present study, we deepen this knowledge focusing on the four principal health behaviors and using structural equation modeling with selected covariates.

Methods
The follow-up data (n = 11,804) was derived from a population-based random sample of working-age Finns from two waves (2003 and 2012) of the Health and Social Support (HeSSup) postal survey. Structural equation modeling was used to study the cross-sectional, cross-lagged, and longitudinal relationships between the four principal health behaviors and subjective well-being at baseline and after the nine-year follow-up adjusted for age, gender, education, and self-reported diseases. The included health behaviors were physical activity, dietary habits, alcohol consumption, and smoking status. Subjective well-being was measured through four items comprising happiness, interest, and ease in life, and perceived loneliness.

Results
Bidirectionally, only health behavior in 2003 predicted subjective well-being in 2012, whereas subjective well-being in 2003 did not predict health behavior in 2012. In addition, the cross-sectional interactions in 2003 and in 2012 between health behavior and subjective well-being were statistically significant. The baseline levels predicted their respective follow-up levels, the effect being stronger in health behavior than in subjective well-being.

Conclusion
The four principal health behaviors together predict subsequent subjective well-being after an extensive follow-up. Although not particularly strong, the results could still be used for motivation for health behavior change, because of the beneficial effects of health behavior on subjective well-being.
Prognostic impact of sarcopenia in patients with head and neck cancer treated with surgery or radiation: A meta-analysis
Authors: Takenaka Yukinori , Takemoto Norihiko , Oya Ryohei , Inohara Hidenori 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundThe objective of this study was to compare the prognostic impact of sarcopenia in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) treated with surgery or radiation.MethodsWe systematically searched electronic databases to identify articles reporting the impact of sarcopenia on the prognosis of patients with HNC. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and disease-specific survival (DSS) were extracted and pooled. HR according to treatment modality were estimated using random-effects models. Statistical analyses were carried out using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software.ResultsIn total, 18 studies enrolling 3,233 patients were included. Sarcopenia was associated with poor OS in both surgery and radiotherapy groups (hazard ratio [HR] 2.50, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.95–3.21; HR 1.63, 95% CI 1.40–1.90, respectively). The HR was significantly higher in the surgery group than in the radiotherapy group (p= 0.004), with similar results obtained for DFS (HR 2.59, 95% CI 1.56–4.31; HR 1.56, 95% CI 1.24–1.97 for the surgery and radiotherapy groups, respectively) and DSS (HR 2.96, 95% CI 0.73–11.95; HR 2.67, 95% CI 1.51–4.73 for the surgery and RT groups, respectively).ConclusionsSarcopenia was a poor prognostic factor for HNC, regardless of the treatment modality. However, the adverse effects of sarcopenia on survival were more prominent in the surgery group than in the radiotherapy group. Sarcopenia assessment is required for appropriate treatment decision-making.
Health related quality of life among Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease patients in India
Authors: Dixit Jyoti , Jyani Gaurav , Prinja Shankar , Sharma Yashpaul 
Published: October 2021

Background
Measurement of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of people with chronic illnesses has become extremely important as the mortality rates associated with such illnesses have decreased and survival rates have increased. Thereby, such measurements not only provide insights into physical, mental and social dimensions of patient’s health, but also allow monitoring of the results of interventions, complementing the traditional methods based on morbidity and mortality.

Objective
The present study was conducted to describe the HRQOL of patients suffering from Rheumatic Fever (RF) and Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD), and to identify socio-demographic and clinical factors as predictors of HRQOL.

Methodology
A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the HRQOL among 702 RF and RHD patients using EuroQol 5-dimensions 5-levels instrument (EQ-5D-5L), EuroQol Visual Analogue Scale and Time Trade off method. Mean EQ-5D-5L quality of life scores were calculated using EQ5D index value calculator across different stages of RF and RHD. Proportions of patients reporting problems in different attributes of EQ-5D-5L were calculated. The impact of socio-economic determinants on HRQOL was assessed.

Results
The mean EQ-5D-5L utility scores among RF, RHD and RHD with Congestive heart failure patients (CHF) were estimated as 0.952 [95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.929–0.975], 0.820 [95% CI: 0.799–0.842] and 0.800 [95% CI: 0.772–0.829] respectively. The most frequently reported problem among RF/RHD patients was pain/discomfort (33.8%) followed by difficulty in performing usual activities (23.9%) patients, mobility (22.7%) and anxiety/depression (22%). Patients with an annual income of less than 50,000 Indian National Rupees (INR) reported the highest EQ-5D-5L score of 0.872, followed by those in the income group of more than INR 200,000 (0.835), INR 50,000–100,000 (0.832) and INR 100,000–200,000 (0.828). Better HRQOL was reported by RHD patients (including RHD with CHF) who underwent balloon valvotomy (0.806) as compared to valve replacement surgery (0.645).

Conclusion
RF and RHD significantly impact the HRQOL of patients. Interventions aiming to improve HRQOL of RF/RHD patients should focus upon ameliorating pain and implementation of secondary prevention strategies for reducing the progression from ARF to RHD and prevention of RHD-related complications.
Livelihood Improvement through Entrepreneur Characteristics and Innovative Strategies: An Empirical Study of Entrepreneurs in Western Kenya
Authors: Nassiuma Bernard Kibeti , Chebii Pamela , Masinde Jamin , Sergon David 
Published: October 2021

Purpose This study aimed at improving an understanding of the mediating role of innovation in the relationship between entrepreneur characteristics and livelihood improvement. The study was empirical, based on primary data from the micro and small enterprises in the western region of Kenya.
Design/methodology study adopted a quantitative approach, self-administered questionnaires were used to gather data from 382 Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) owners in Western Kenya, comprising Uasin Gishu and Bungoma Counties. The study examined the direct and indirect effects on livelihood improvement. A simple random sampling technique was used to select respondents for data collection. For statistical analysis, bivariate regression and multiple regression techniques were utilized with SPSS version 26 being the tool. The sopel test assisted in analyzing the effect of innovation as a mediator between entrepreneur characteristics and livelihood improvement.
FindingsThe results reveal a statistically significant relationship between the entrepreneur characteristics and livelihood improvement under the mediating role of innovation.
Practical implications these findings provide useful insights for MSEs, seeking to be competitive and responsive to the changing entrepreneurial landscape by successfully introducing innovations. The study encourages an innovative culture among the MSEs owners which is likely to facilitate the introduction, adoption, and diffusion of innovations that can in turn, result in the achievement of livelihood improvement.
Originality/valueThe study contributes to the existing literature by enhancing an understanding of the mediating role of innovation in the relationship between entrepreneur characteristics and livelihood improvement in the MSEs sector of a developing context.
Keywords: MSEs, innovation, mediation, entrepreneur characteristics, improved livelihood, western Kenya.
Public Service Innovation: "SI N'DUK" Program at the Department of Population and Civil Registration Bojonegoro Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Ahmad Suprastiyo Ahmad Suprastiyo 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
This research was conducted at the Department of Population and Civil Registration of Bojonegoro Regency. The purpose of this study was to describe and analyze an innovation in population administration services for the Si N'duk application released by the Department of Population and Civil Registration of Bojonegoro Regency. The focus of this study is to describe the innovation of the Si N'duk population administration service application based on the theory of innovation attributes according to Rogers. The research method used is descriptive research using qualitative data analysis techniques. The results of this study indicate that based on the theory of innovation attributes according to Rogers, most of the population administration service innovations in the Si N'duk application have fulfilled this theory. However, there are still some problems, such as those experienced by the community in the process of uploading population document files, then in terms of the application there is still no application form download feature, there is no notification notification when there is a service application, and application upgrades have not been carried out. In addition there are also problems related to servers and networks. Of course, these shortcomings must be corrected in order to continue to provide the best service innovations for the community. Therefore, from the problems that occur, it is necessary to have a routine performance evaluation that must be carried out by the Population and Civil Registration Office of Bojonegoro Regency so that innovation in population administration services through the Si N'duk application can provide more benefits for the community as service recipients.
Keywords: Innovation, Population Administration, Si N'duk Application
Household Waste Management in Cameroon: The Case of Bamenda and Buea Municipalities
Authors: Forje Lema Catherine 
Published: October 2021

Urban sanitation and hazard risk reduction strategies that aim to maintain a clean and healthy society will only be successful and sustainable if it includes educating and training the people on how to handle their household waste. Nations and organisations must innovate in order to sustain the health of population growth and other global demands. It is not easy to obtain a complete assessment of risk involve in any undertaking. The problem is even more in an innovative project like the case of hysacam waste disposal in Buea and Bamenda in Cameroon. What distinguishes standard processes from innovation is their level of uncertainty. Therefore, ways of assessing and addressing the magnitude of risks involve must come high on the list of techniques for managing innovations. The risk surrounding garbage disposal in Cameroon is a course for concern. The objective of this paper is to present and discuss the assumptions which underlie the key frame of reference used to understand waste disposal in order to make garbage disposal using the new system risk free and sustainable. The study focuses on household’s waste disposal in Bamenda and Buea towns in Cameroon. According to prior studies in this area, (Jake Ansell & Frank Wharton 1992; Keith Goffin & Rick Mitchell 2005) risk is an unavoidable feature of human existence. Neither man nor organisations/societies can survive for long without taking risks. Mark and Eve (2006) suggest that people be advised to separate organic waste from solid waste before depositing for collection to a compositing depot. Data was gathered through face to face interview with those disposing garbage and the population concern. In all, 150 people were interviewed, 5 employees holding executive posts, 35 workers involve in the day to day carrying of garbage, 100 service users in the town of Buea and Bamenda where the service is being delivered and 10 people, both service delivers and service users in Douala (Cameroon) where such a service started and has since been operating for long (since the 1960s) were interviewed. Data is analysed both qualitative and quantitative. Result suggests that while the innovative garbage disposal technique is good as it is quick and cover large areas, keeps the city clean for healthy living, it is an innovative action therefore, both the service providers and users need to be trained (educated) to make the service worthwhile and sustainable. Education will empower people with appropriate knowledge on how to handle garbage with care. The implications would be: reduced risk of bacterial spread in streets, reduced ardour, clean air and quality well being greatly improved. The validity of the study lies in its ability to spread information that can improve the operation system of garbage disposal, making the service attain its objective of keeping a city clean and promote healthy living.
Review and evolution of guidelines for diagnosis of COVID-19 vaccine induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT)
Authors: Favaloro Emmanuel J. , Pasalic Leonardo , Lippi Giuseppe 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a life-threatening infectious disease caused by Severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). In response to the still ongoing pandemic outbreak, a number of COVID-19 vaccines have been quickly developed and deployed. Although minor adverse events, either local (e.g., soreness, itch, redness) or systematic (fever, malaise, headache, etc.), are not uncommon following any COVID-19 vaccination, one rare vaccine-associated event can cause fatal consequences due to development of antibodies against platelet factor 4 (PF4), which trigger platelet activation, aggregation, and possible resultant thrombosis, often at unusual vascular sites. Termed thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome (TTS) by reporting government agencies, the term vaccine-induced (immune) thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) is more widely adopted by workers in the field. In response to increasing reports of VITT, several expert groups have formulated guidelines for diagnosis and/or management of VITT. Herein, we review some key guidelines related to diagnosis of VITT, and also provide some commentary on their development and evolution.
How to Project a Socially Constructed Sexual Orientation
Authors: Finocchiaro Peter 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Was bisexuality a widespread feature of ancient Greek society? This question is an instance of cross-cultural projection -- of taking the means through which people are categorized in one culture and applying it to members of another. It’s widely held by those who think that sexual orientation is socially constructed that its projection poses a problem. In this paper, I offer a more careful analysis of this alleged problem. To analyze projection, I adapt Iris Einheuser’s substratum-carving model of conventionalism to fit the specific needs of social construction (and social metaphysics more broadly). Using this model, I show that projection is conceptually coherent, and so does not for that reason pose any problem. Along the way, I identify some of the epistemic difficulties facing projection. While these difficulties are formidable, they are not substantially affected by the constructivist claim. I therefore conclude that there is no unique problem facing the projection of a socially constructed sexual orientation.
Activation cross sections of some neutron-induced reactions in the energy range of 13.82–14.71 MeV
Authors: Uddin Md Shuza 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The cross sections of the reactions 70Zn(n,2n)69mZn,74Ge(n,α)71mZn and 90Zr(n,2n)89m,gZr in the energy range of 13.82–14.71 MeV were measured by the activation technique in combination with HPGe detector γ-ray spectroscopy. The measured results were compared with other experimental data and with the data given in the library TENDL-2019. A nuclear model calculation based on the code TALYS-1.8 was also performed after adjustment of an input parameter for the spin distribution of level density. The results of this work strengthen the database and could be useful in further evaluation of the data.