bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Passive polarimetric imaging of millimeter and terahertz waves for personnel security screening
Authors: Cheng Yayun , Qiao Lingbo , Zhu Dong , Wang Yingxin , Zhao Ziran 
Published: February 2021

Passive millimeter and terahertz wave imaging is a powerful way for personnel security inspection and scene monitoring. The existing systems usually have a single polarization mode. To obtain more information, polarimetric imaging has been preliminarily explored recently. However, there is no work exhibiting high-performance polarimetric imaging to analyze and interpret polarization characteristics. In this Letter, we report on the development of a W-band passive polarimetric imaging system for human body screening and present the polarization characteristics analysis of several typical scenarios. The experimental system has a spatial resolution of better than 2 cm at 2.5 m distance and has a thermal sensitivity of better than 0.3 K. The system can display polarization properties of human bodies and concealed objects. The experimental results demonstrate that passive polarimetric imaging has a great potential for object contrast enhancement, detection, segmentation, and recognition.
Limiting the incident NA for efficient wavefront shaping through thin anisotropic scattering media
Authors: Jin Hyungwon , Hwang Byungjae , Lee Sangwon , Park Jung-Hoon 
Published: February 2021

Wavefront shaping holds great potential for high-resolution imaging or light delivery either through or deep inside living tissue. However, one of the biggest barriers that must be overcome to unleash the full potential of wavefront shaping for practical biomedical applications is the fact that wavefront shaping, especially based on iterative feedback, requires lengthy measurements to obtain useful correction of the output wavefront. As biological tissues are inherently dynamic, the short decorrelation time sets a limit on the achievable wavefront shaping enhancement. Here we show that for wavefront shaping in thin anisotropic scattering media such as biological tissues, we can optimize the wavefront shaping quality by simply limiting the numerical aperture (NA) of the incident wavefront. Using the same number of controlled modes, and therefore the same wavefront measurement time, we demonstrate that the wavefront shaped focus peak to background ratio can be increased by a factor of 2.1 while the energy delivery throughput can be increased by a factor of 8.9 through 710 µm thick brain tissue by just limiting the incident NA.
Time perspective influence on management leadership styles and the mediating role of self-efficacy
Authors: Gassemi Karim , Papastamatelou Julie , Unger Alexander 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe examined if time perspectives (TP) and the Deviation from a Balanced Time Perspective (DBTP—cf. Stolarski et al. Time Soc 20(3):346–363, 2011) have an effect on four types of Leadership Styles. Based on previous studies it was observed, that Self-Efficacy (SE) is determined by time perspectives (Epel et al. J Appl Soc Psychol 29(3):575–596, 1999). In particular, the transformational and transactional leadership styles could depend on higher self-efficacy of managers. We additionally tested if general self-efficacy (GSE) mediates the influence of time perspectives and the Deviation from a Balanced Time Perspective on Leadership Styles. We recruited a sample of former MBA-students, who now work in the middle management of German companies. We used the zimbardo time perspective inventory (ZTPI; Zimbardo and Boyd J Pers Soc Psychol 77(6):1271–1288, 1999), the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) by Felfe and Goihl (Deutsche überarbeitete und ergänzte Version des Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) [German revised and extended version of the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ)], Zentrum für Umfragen Methoden und Analysen, Mannheim, 2002) and the general self-efficacy-scale by Schwarzer and Jerusalem (Generalized Self-Efficacy scale, Nfer-Nelson, Windsor, 1995). Past Positive orientation has no significant effect on any of the four leadership styles. The present hedonistic dimension enhances and the past negative orientation reduces the transformational leadership style. The present fatalistic orientation reduces the Transformational and transactional leadership styles, but enhances the laissez-faire leadership style. Moreover, future enhances the transformational and transactional leadership styles. DBTP reduces the transformational and transactional leadership styles. The mediator role of GSE was confirmed for the transformational and transactional leadership style. Managers’ time perspectives are important for implementing an efficient leadership style.
Epidemiology of dengue fever in Gabon: Results from a health facility-based fever surveillance in Lambaréné and its surroundings
Authors: Lim Jacqueline Kyungah , Fernandes José Francisco , Yoon In-Kyu , Lee Jung-Seok , Mba Regis Obiang , Lee Kang Sung , Namkung Suk , Yang Jae Seung , Bae So Hee , Lim Sl-Ki , Lell Bertrand , Esen Meral , Loembe Marguerite Massinga , Kremsner Peter G. , Alexander Neal , Agnandji Selidji Todagbe 
Published: February 2021

Background
In Africa, information on dengue is limited to outbreak reports and focused on some countries with continuing transmission in West and East Africa. To estimate the proportion of dengue-positive cases among febrile patients and identify clinical indicators of dengue cases, we conducted passive facility-based fever surveillance in a catchment area population of 70,000 residents of Lambaréné and its surroundings in Gabon.

Methods
Non-malarial febrile patients with current fever or history of fever (≤7 days) between 1 and 55 years of age, were enrolled at Albert Schweitzer Hospital (ASH). Acute (visit 1, day of enrollment) and convalescent blood samples were collected between 10 and 21 days after enrollment. Acute/convalescent samples were tested with IgM/IgG ELISA, and a selected subset of acute samples with RT-PCR.

Results
Among 682 non-malarial febrile patients enrolled, 119 (17.4%) were identified as dengue-positive (94 dengue-confirmed and 25 dengue-probable cases). Of these dengue-positive cases, 14 were confirmed with PCR, and based on serotyping, two infections were identified to be DENV-2 and two were DENV-3. The majority of our enrolled patients were <25 years of age and close to 80% of our dengue-positive cases were <15 years of age. In adjusted analyses, retro-orbital pain and abdominal pain were 2.7 and 1.6 times more frequently found among dengue-positive cases, compared to non-dengue cases.

Conclusion
Lambaréné is not considered dengue-endemic. However, one in six non-malarial febrile episodes was found to be dengue-positive in the study period. Dengue should be considered more frequently in clinicians’ diagnosis among non-malarial febrile patients in Lambaréné. Given the lack of data on dengue in Gabon, additional prospective and longitudinal studies would help to further define the burden and patterns of dengue for improved case detection.
Dengue risk assessment using multicriteria decision analysis: A case study of Bhutan
Authors: Tsheten Tsheten , Clements Archie C. A. , Gray Darren J. , Wangdi Kinley 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundDengue is the most rapidly spreading vector-borne disease globally, with a 30-fold increase in global incidence over the last 50 years. In Bhutan, dengue incidence has been on the rise since 2004, with numerous outbreaks reported across the country. The aim of this study was to identify and map areas that are vulnerable to dengue in Bhutan.Methodology/Principal findingsWe conducted a multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) using a weighted linear combination (WLC) to obtain a vulnerability map of dengue. Risk factors (criteria) were identified and assigned with membership values for vulnerability according to the available literature. Sensitivity analysis and validation of the model was conducted to improve the robustness and predictive ability of the map. Our study revealed marked differences in geographical vulnerability to dengue by location and season. Low-lying areas and those located along the southern border were consistently found to be at higher risk of dengue. The vulnerability extended to higher elevation areas including some areas in the Capital city Thimphu during the summer season. The higher risk was mostly associated with relatively high population density, agricultural and built-up landscapes and relatively good road connectivity.ConclusionsUsing MCDA, our study identified vulnerable areas in Bhutan during specific seasons when and where the transmission of dengue is most likely to occur. This study provides evidence for the National Vector-borne Disease Control programme to optimize the use of limited public health resources for surveillance and vector control, to mitigate the public health threat of dengue.
Health-related quality of life after pediatric traumatic brain injury: A qualitative comparison between children’s and parents’ perspectives
Authors: Krenz Ugne , Timmermann Dagmar , Gorbunova Anastasia , Lendt Michael , Schmidt Silke , von Steinbuechel Nicole 
Published: February 2021

Background
Pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) may cause a wide range of symptoms, which can negatively affect the quality of life of patients and their entire families. No internationally and simultaneously developed disease-specific instrument exists for assessing pediatric health-related quality of life (HRQoL) after TBI. The aim of the current project is to provide original material from small group interviews with individuals after TBI concerning what they state is relevant for their HRQoL. This material is required for a further study to generate items for age-adapted questionnaires assessing the TBI-specific HRQoL of children and adolescents (C&A): the QOLIBRI-Kiddy/Kid/Ado and proxy versions (Quality of Life after Brain Injury–Kiddy/Kids/Adolescents/Proxy) for individuals aged 6–17 and their parents.

Methods
The semi-structured interviews were conducted with separate small groups of C&A (n = 19), divided into three age groups (5-7y, 8-12y, 13-17y), after mild, moderate, and severe TBI, and with groups of the corresponding parents (n = 26). All interviews lasted for about 60 minutes, were recorded and transcribed verbatim. The statements were investigated by qualitative analyses and sorted into categories relevant to the HRQoL of C&A after TBI. Only descriptive group comparisons but no pairwise comparisons between children and corresponding parents were performed.

Results
The analyses led to 32 subcategories, which were assigned to six main theoretically based HRQoL categories. Many agreements exist between the C&A’s and parents’ perspectives within the main categories, however their focus on HRQoL differs, especially concerning age-related contents. Parents of the youngest participant group already focus on topics such as autonomy, whereas this only becomes relevant for C&A from the age of eight years on. Interestingly, even 5-year-old children were able to discuss their HRQoL, which indicates the importance of a self-report instrument.

Conclusions
Results obtained from this qualitative study identify the content of the HRQoL dimensions important for C&A after TBI and their parents. Both, differences and similarities in the children’s and the parents’ views were investigated, to get a first insight in valid dimensions for the prospective questionnaires to be developed. In a future study, items for the questionnaires will be deducted from the small group interview material and psychometrically tested in C&A after TBI from Germany. This study will address whether all statements were assigned to the suitable dimensions and whether differences between C&A and parents persist.
Trends of proximate low birth weight and associations among children under-five years of age: Evidence from the 2016 Ethiopian demographic and health survey data
Authors: Kassaw Mesfin Wudu , Abebe Ayele Mamo , Kassie Ayelign Mengesha , Abate Biruk Beletew , Masresha Seteamlak Adane 
Published: February 2021

Background
Low birth weight puts a newborn at increased risk of death and illness, and limits their productivity in the adulthood period later. The incidence of low birth weight has been selected as an important indicator for monitoring major health goals by the World Summit for Children. The 2014 World Health Organization estimation of child death indicated that 4.53% of total deaths in Ethiopia were due to low birth weight. The aim of this study was to assess trends of proximate low birth weight and associations of low birth weight with potential determinants from 2011 to 2016.

Methods
This study used the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey data (EDHS) as data sources. According to the 2016 EDHS data, all the regions were stratified into urban and rural areas. The variable “size of child” measured according to the report of mothers before two weeks of the EDHS takes placed. The study sample refined from EDHS data and used for this further analysis were 7919 children. A logistic regression model was used to assess the association of proximate low birth weight and potential determinates of proximate low birth weight. But, the data were tested to model fitness and were fitted to Hosmer-Lemeshow-goodness of fit.

Results
The prevalence of proximate low birth weight in Ethiopia was 26.9% (2132), (95%CI = 25.4, 27.9). Of the prevalence of child size in year from 2011 to 2016, 17.1% was very small, and 9.8% was small. In the final multivariate logistic regression model, region (AOR = xx), (955%CI = xx), Afar (AOR = 2.44), (95%CI = 1.82, 3.27), Somalia (AOR = 0.73), (95%CI = 0.55, 0.97), Benishangul-Gumz (AOR = 0.48), (95%CI = 0.35, 0.67), SNNPR (AOR = 0.67), (95%CI = 0.48, 0.93), religion, Protestant (AOR = 0.76), (95%CI = 0.60, 0.95), residence, rural (AOR = 1.39), (95%CI = 1.07, 1.81), child sex, female (AOR = 1.43), (95%CI = 1.29, 1.59), birth type, multiple birth during first parity (AOR = 2.18), (95%CI = 1.41, 3.37), multiple birth during second parity (AOR = 2.92), (95%CI = 1.86, 4.58), preparedness for birth, wanted latter child (AOR = 1.26), (95%CI = 1.09, 1.47), fast and rapid breathing (AOR = 1.22), (95%CI = 1.02, 1.45), maternal education, unable to read and write (AOR = 1.46), (95%CI = 1.56, 2.17), and maternal age, 15–19 years old (AOR = 1.86), (95%CI = 1.19, 2.92) associated with proximate low birth weight.

Conclusions
The proximate LBW prevalence as indicated by small child size is high. Region, religion, residence, birth type, preparedness for birth, fast and rapid breathing, maternal education, and maternal age were associated with proximate low birth weight. Health institutions should mitigating measures on low birth weight with a special emphasis on factors identified in this study.
Daytime admission is associated with higher 1-month survival for pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: Analysis of a nationwide multicenter observational study in Japan
Authors: Shinohara Mafumi , Muguruma Takashi , Toida Chiaki , Gakumazawa Masayasu , Abe Takeru , Takeuchi Ichiro 
Published: February 2021

Objective
Hospital characteristics, such as hospital type and admission time, have been reported to be associated with survival in adult out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients. However, findings regarding the effects of hospital types on pediatric OHCA patients have been limited. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between the hospital characteristics and the outcomes of pediatric OHCA patients.

Methods
This study was a retrospective secondary analysis of the Japanese Association for Acute Medicine-out-of-hospital cardiac arrest registry. The period of this study was from 1 June 2014 to 31 December 2015. We enrolled all pediatric patients (those 0–17 years of age) experiencing OHCA in this study. We enrolled all types of OHCA. The primary outcome of this study was 1-month survival after the onset of cardiac arrest.

Results
We analyzed 310 pediatric patients (those 0–17 years of age) with OHCA. In survivors, the rate of witnessed arrest and daytime admission was significantly higher than nonsurvivors (56% vs. 28%, p < 0.001: 49% vs. 31%; p = 0.03, respectively). The multiple logistic regression model showed that daytime admission was related to 1-month survival (odds ratio, OR: 95% confidence interval, CI, 3.64: 1.23–10.80) (p = 0.02). OHCA of presumed cardiac etiology and witnessed OHCA were associated with higher 1-month survival. (OR: 95% CI, 3.92: 1.23–12.47, and 6.25: 1.98–19.74, respectively). Further analyses based on the time of admission showed that there were no significant differences in the proportions of patients with witnessed arrest and who received bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency medical service response time by admission time.

Conclusion
Pediatric OHCA patients who were admitted during the day had a higher 1-month survival rate after cardiac arrest than patients who were admitted at night.
Tree rows in temperate agroforestry croplands alter the composition of soil bacterial communities
Authors: Beule Lukas , Karlovsky Petr 
Published: February 2021

Background
Tree-based intercropping (agroforestry) has been advocated to reduce adverse environmental impacts of conventional arable cropping. Modern agroforestry systems in the temperate zone are alley-cropping systems that combine rows of fast-growing trees with rows of arable crops. Soil microbial communities in these systems have been investigated intensively; however, molecular studies with high taxonomical resolution are scarce.

Methods
Here, we assessed the effect of temperate agroforestry on the abundance, diversity and composition of soil bacterial communities at three paired poplar-based alley cropping and conventional monoculture cropland systems using real-time PCR and Illumina sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes. Two of the three systems grew summer barley (Hordeum vulgare); one system grew maize (Zea mays) in the sampling year. To capture the spatial heterogeneity induced by the tree rows, soil samples in the agroforestry systems were collected along transects spanning from the centre of the tree rows to the centre of the agroforestry crop rows.

Results
Tree rows of temperate agroforestry systems increased the abundance of soil bacteria while their alpha diversity remained largely unaffected. The composition of the bacterial communities in tree rows differed from those in arable land (crop rows of the agroforestry systems and conventional monoculture croplands). Several bacterial groups in soil showed strong association with either tree rows or arable land, revealing that the introduction of trees into arable land through agroforestry is accompanied by the introduction of a tree row-associated microbiome.

Conclusion
The presence of tree row-associated bacteria in agroforestry increases the overall microbial diversity of the system. We speculate that the increase in biodiversity is accompanied by functional diversification. Differences in plant-derived nutrients (root exudates and tree litter) and management practices (fertilization and tillage) likely account for the differences between bacterial communities of tree rows and arable land in agroforestry systems.
Implementasi Model Pembelajaran Sentra Main Peran untuk Mengembangkan Motorik Halus AUD
Authors: Pratiwi Dian Asri , Rahmah Lailatu 
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan, dampak serta faktor pendukung dan penghambat dalam implementasi model pembelajaran sentra main peran untuk mengembangkan motorik halus anak kelompok A1 TK Islam Plus Mutiara Banguntapan.
Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kualitatif yang bersifat deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan implementasi model pembelajaran sentra main peran untuk mengembangkan motorik halus anak kelompok A1 TK Islam Plus Mutiara Banguntapan dimulai dari perencanaan pembelajaran, pelaksanaan pembelajaran dan evaluasi pelaksanaan pembelajaran. Dampaknya yaitu berdampak baik pada perkembangan motorik halus anak dengan melihat tercapainya indikator yang diterapkan di TK Islam Plus Mutiara berdasarkan STPPA yang mengacu pada kurikulum 2013. Faktor pendukungnya yaitu SDM di TK Islam Plus Mutiara sudah cukup bagus, APE cukup memadai, dan peserta didik sudah mengerti apa yang diajarkan oleh guru. Sedangkan faktor penghambatnya yaitu sarana dan prasarana masih kurang baik.
Penerapan Metode Gerakan untuk Menghafal Hadis pada Anak
Authors: Malikhah Fatikhatul , Rohinah Rohinah 
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yang bersifat kualitatif, dengan mengambil latar penerapan metode gerakan untuk menghafal hadiś di RA Tiara Chandra Yogyakarta dengan fokus pada kegiatan menghafal hadiś pada anak kelompok B. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh kegiatan menghafal hadiś yang sering dilakukan oleh sekolah maupun guru menggunakan metode ceramah dan menugaskan siswa untuk menghafal Ḥadiś. Sehingga anak terlihat pasif dan suasana belajar menjadi tidak kondusif. Saat apersepsi pada pelajaran berikutnya anak sudah banyak yang lupa, hanya beberapa anak yang masih mampu mengingat Ḥadiś yang sudah dipelajari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa : Penerapan metode gerakan untuk menghafal Ḥadiś pada anak kelompok B di RA Tiara Chandra Yogyakarta tidak terlepas dari RPPH. Kedua, pelaksanaan kegiatan menghafal Ḥadiś pada awalnya dilakukan dirumah tanpa gerakan dan dilakukan disekolah dengan gerakan simbol tangan dengan kegiatan klasikal, ketiga evaluasi kegiatan menghafal Ḥadiś yang berupa tingkat pencapaian dan tindak lanjut yang akan dilaporkan kepada orangtua saat pertemuan dua akhir tema. Faktor pendukung dalam penerapan metode gerakan untuk menghafal Ḥadiś pada kelompok B RA Tiara Chandra antara lain : handout untuk orangtua, minat anak, rasa percaya diri, susasana kelas yang kondusif, dan buku pedoman metode gerakan untuk menghafal Ḥadiś. Faktor penghambat dalam kegiatan menghafal Ḥadiś dengan metode gerakan yaitu : gaya belajar anak, daya ingat anak, kemampuan guru dan belum adanya pelatihan kepada orangtua mengenai metode gerakan untuk menghafal Ḥadiś, gambar tidak full collor, dan Ḥadiś tidak dilengkapi dengan asbabul wurud.
Meningkatan Kreativitas Melalui Kegiatan Kolase pada Anak
Authors: Khasanah Yuli Nur , Ichsan Ichsan 
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mengetahui seberapa besar kreativitas anak sebelum diadakannya kolase, (2) mengetahui bagaimana pelaksanaan kegiatan kolase, (3) mengetahui seberapa besar perubahan kreativitas anak setelah diadakannya kegiatan kolase. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas kolaboratif menggunakan model kemmis dan Mc Taggart. Subyek penelitian ini adalah anak kelompok B yang berjumlah 14 anak yang terdiri dari 6 anak perempuan dan 8 anak laki-laki. Obyek yang diteliti adalah kreativitas anak. pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu dengan menghitung persentase hasil kreativitas anak mulai dari pratindakan, siklus I dan siklus II lalu mendeskripsikan dalam bentuk narasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kreativitas anak mengalami peningkatan seteah diberikan tindakan melalui kegiatan kolase menggunakan bahan kertas, bahan alam, dan warna yang cocok, bebas menggunting, menyobek, memotong dan menggulung bahan sesuai dengan kebutuhan anak. peningkatan tersebut dapat dilihat dari kondisi awal kreativitas anak kelompok B sebesar 35,71%, kemudian pada siklus I meningkat menjadi 57,14%, dengan menggunakan bahan kertas dan bahan alam, dan meningkat pada siklus II menjadi 78,57% dengan ditambah bahan menggunakan bahan kertas, bahan alam dan bahan buatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kegiatan kolase dapat meningkatkan kreativitas anak kelompok B di RA Al-Iman Sleman.