bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical efficacy and safety of tirofiban combined with conventional dual antiplatelet therapy in ACS patients undergoing PCI
Authors: Guo Yong-zhe , Zhao Zi-wen , Li Shu-mei , Chen Liang-long 
Published: August 2021

AbstractChallenges remain for clinicians over balancing the efficacy of active antithrombotic therapy and simultaneous bleeding reduction in patients. The clinical data of 347 patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were retrospectively analyzed. On the basis of the given tirofiban, the patients were assigned into three different dose groups: high dose group (group H), medium dose group (group M), and low dose group (group L). The tirofiban efficacy was evaluated in terms of major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) parameters and lab endpoints, including platelet count and function. The tirofiban safety was assessed by the occurrence of bleeding events. The patients were followed up for 1 month after the PCI. No significant difference in MACE events was evident among these groups (p > 0.05). Groups H and M reported an obvious reduction in platelet count (p < 0.05 for both) and an increased platelet inhibition rate (p < 0.05 for both). Group H showed a higher rate of total bleeding events than the other groups (Group H vs. Group M: 34.4% vs. 16.5%; Group H vs. Group L: 34.4% vs. 10.3%; p < 0.05 for both). A proper administration of a low dose of tirofiban may be a superior alternative in treating ACS patients, which can produce a similar favorable clinical outcome and a decrease in bleeding complication.
De-novo multilayering in fibrovascular pigment epithelial detachment
Authors: Soman Manoj , Sheth Jay U. , Indurkar Asmita , Meleth Padmanabhan , Nair Unnikrishnan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study describes the occurrence of multilayered pigment-epithelial detachment (MLPED) as a De-novo phenomenon (DN-MLPED) and compare the features with multi-layering secondary to chronic anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy (s-MLPED). We did a retrospective evaluation of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) features, treatment-profile, and visual-acuity (VA) outcomes in eyes with MLPED. Out of 17 eyes with MLPED, 7 eyes had DN-MLPED and 10 eyes had s-MLPED. There was no significant difference in baseline and final VA between the groups. At the final visit, no significant visual improvement was noted in both the groups, although a possible trend towards an improvement was seen in DN-MLPED eyes while the s-MLPED demonstrated a declining trend (DN-MLPED—LogMAR-BCVA: Baseline = 0.79 [∼ 20/123] ± 0.91; Final = 0.76 [∼ 20/115] ± 0.73; p = 0.87; s-MLPED—LogMAR BCVA: Baseline = 0.43 [∼ 20/54] ± 0.68; Final = 0.94 [∼ 20/174] ± 0.71; p = 0.06). Moreover, after presentation, the median number of injections in DN-MLPED eyes were significantly lower compared to s-MLPED eyes (DN-MLPED:4; s-MLPED:12; p = 0.03) (Median follow-up: DN-MLPED = 26 months; s-MLPED = 54 months; p = 0.15). Subretinal hyperreflective-material (SHRM) deposition heralded the onset of multilayering and was seen to progress in all DN-PED eyes and 1/4 eyes of s-MLPED. To conclude, MLPED is a unique form of cicatrizing fibrovascular-PED which can evolve denovo too. Long-standing disease with intermittent or low-grade activity can potentially explain this unique phenomenon. With fewer anti-VEGF therapy, the de-novo MLPED eyes show more visual stability as compared to s-MLPED eyes.
Volcanic eruptions are triggered in static dilatational strain fields generated by large earthquakes
Authors: Nishimura Takeshi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAlthough data catalog analyses have confirmed that volcanic eruptions are triggered by large earthquakes, the triggering mechanism has been under discussion for many decades. In the present study, recent earthquake and volcanic data from the past 35–55 years were analyzed, and it was demonstrated for the first time that the likelihood of new eruptions increases two to three times in the 5–10 years following large earthquakes for volcanoes where the generated static dilatational strain exceeds 0.5 µ, which may, for example, activate gas bubble growth and thereby generate a buoyant force in the magma. In contrast, the eruption likelihood does not increase for volcanoes that are subjected to strong ground motion alone, which affect the magma system and volcanic edifice. These results indicate that we can evaluate the likelihood of triggered eruptions and prepare for new eruptions when a large earthquake occurs.
Establishing Clinical Swallowing Assessment Services via Telepractice: A Multisite Implementation Evaluation
Authors: Ward Elizabeth C. , Burns Clare L. , Gray Amy , Baker Lisa , Cowie Brooke , Winter Natalie , Rusch Rukmani , Saxon Robyn , Barnes Sarah , Turvey Jodie 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
While research has confirmed the feasibility and validity of delivering clinical swallowing evaluations (CSEs) via telepractice, challenges exist for clinical implementation. Using an implementation framework, strategies that supported implementation of CSE services via telepractice within 18 regional/rural sites across five health services were examined.

Method
A coordinated implementation strategy involving remote training and support was provided to 18 sites across five health services (five hub and spoke services) that had identified a need to implement CSEs via telepractice. Experiences of all 10 speech-language pathologists involved at the hub sites were examined via interviews 1 year post implementation. Interview content was coded using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) and constructs were rated for strength and direction of influence, using published CFIR coding conventions.

Results

Services were established and are ongoing at all sites. Although there were site-specific differences, 10 CFIR constructs were positive influencing factors at all five sites. The telepractice model was perceived to provide clear advantages for the service, and clinicians were motivated by positive patient response. Strategies used to support implementation, including having a well-organized implementation resource and an external facilitator who worked closely with the local champions, were highly valued. Two CFIR constructs,
Structural Characteristics
and
Available Resources
, were challenges for all sites.

Conclusions
A complex interplay of factors influenced service implementation at each site. A strong local commitment to improving patient care, and the assistance of targeted strategies to support local implementation were viewed as central to enabling implementation.
Die Skalenusmuskulatur
Authors: Corts Magga 
Published: August 2021

SummaryDie Skalenusmuskulatur (lat. scala = Leiter, Treppe) ist eine Muskelgruppe, die sich in der seitlichen Halsregion befindet und an der ersten beziehungsweise zweiten Rippe ansetzt. Sie verbindet also den Thorax mit der HWS, so wie eine Treppe verschiedene Stockwerke miteinander verbindet.
Blutegeleinsatz beim Schulter-Arm-Syndrom
Authors: Fritsch Dominik 
Published: August 2021

SummaryDas Schulter-Arm-Syndrom ist ein Symptomenkomplex, der in der Praxis häufig vorkommt und sowohl primär als auch sekundär verursacht sein kann. Die Blutegeltherapie kann insbesondere durch ihre schmerzstillenden und entzündungshemmenden Wirkungen beim Schulter-Arm-Syndrom hilfreich sein. Wie auch bei anderen Erkrankungen kann die Blutegeltherapie beim Schulter-Arm-Syndrom mit anderen Behandlungsmethoden, zum Beispiel mit der Osteopathie, kombiniert werden.
Zittern gegen stressbedingte Schulter- und Nackenschmerzen
Authors: Balke-Holzberger Ulrike 
Published: August 2021

SummaryStress kann Faszienverklebungen und -verfilzungen fördern, was wiederum unter anderem zu Schulter- und Nackenschmerzen führen kann. Unspezifische Schulter- und Nackenschmerzen entstehen oft multifaktoriell, beispielsweise durch Stress in Kombination mit Bewegungsmangel. Faszien-Stress-Release (FSR) kann insbesondere durch das Freisetzen von überschüssiger gespeicherter Energie bei unspezifischen Schulter- und Nackenschmerzen Abhilfe schaffen.
Effect of Aging on Tympanometric Findings in Indian Population
Authors: Sinha Sujeet Kumar , Neupane Anuj Kumar , Gururaj Krithika 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Introduction Presbycusis, or age-related hearing loss being a cumulative effect of aging on hearing, is a progressive and irreversible bilateral symmetrical sensorineural loss. In older individuals, one of the most important structures which undergo changes due to aging is the middle ear. There is a dearth of studies in Indian population regarding the tympanometric characteristics in older individuals. Thus, this study was taken up with an objective to report the different tympanometric characteristics in elderly individuals (aged above 50 years) who reported with ear- or hearing-related complaints to the Department of Audiology, All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, Mysore, Karnataka, India.
Materials and Methods A register-based analysis was conducted where immittance tests were performed.
Results There was no effect of age on static admittance, ear canal volume, and tympanometric peak pressure values. Also, there was no gender effect on tympanometric findings.
Conclusion The result of the present study helps in understanding the different middle ear mechanisms in older adults.
In situ observation of the Rayleigh–Taylor instability of liquid Fe and Fe–Si alloys under extreme conditions: Implications for planetary core formation
Authors: Terasaki Hidenori , Sakaiya Tatsuhiro , Shigemori Keisuke , Akimoto Kosaku , Kato Hiroki , Hironaka Yoichiro , Kondo Tadashi 
Published: August 2021

Rayleigh–Taylor (RT) instability, which occurs when a heavy fluid overlies a light fluid in a gravitational field, is an important scenario for planetary core formation, especially beneath the planetary magma ocean. This process has been discussed based on numerical simulations and experiments using analog materials. However, experiments on the RT instability using the core-forming melt have not been performed at high pressures. In this study, we perform in situ observation of the RT instability of liquid Fe and Fe–Si (Si = 10 and 20 wt. %) alloys under high pressure using a high-power laser-shock technique. The observed perturbation on the Fe–Si surface grows exponentially with time, while there is no obvious growth of perturbations on the Fe in the measured time range. Therefore, the growth rate of the RT instability increases with Si content. The timescale of the initial growth of the RT instability in planetary interiors is likely to be much faster (by more than two orders of magnitude) than the 30–40 × 106 year timescale of planetary core formation.
Catabolism of lysosome-related organelles in color-changing spiders supports intracellular turnover of pigments
Authors: Figon Florent , Hurbain Ilse , Heiligenstein Xavier , Trépout Sylvain , Lanoue Arnaud , Medjoubi Kadda , Somogyi Andrea , Delevoye Cédric , Raposo Graça , Casas Jérôme 
Published: August 2021

Significance
Pigment–light interactions have shaped animal evolution, from vision to camouflage. How organisms cope with harmful photodegradative products while maintaining pigment-bearing cell integrity, from skin to light screening in eyes, remains mysterious. We studied color-changing crab spiders to unravel the intracellular mechanisms leading to within-cell formation and degradation of pigment organelles. We found that they belong to the widespread lysosome-related organelle family, like vertebrate melanosomes. The endolysosomal system allows reversible coloration in spiders by sustaining pigment turnover thanks to its fundamental anabolic and catabolic functions, a hypothesis first laid out for human eyes. Our findings imply that the ubiquitous endolysosomal system had been repurposed early in animal evolution to handle pigment–light interactions, providing phenotypic plasticity and cell function maintenance.
The relationship between physiological and performance variables during a hot/humid international rugby sevens tournament
Authors: Fenemor Stephen P. , Gill N. D. , Driller M. W. , Mills B. , Casadio J. R. , Beaven C. M. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTTo characterise physiological responses to competing in an international rugby sevens tournament played in hot/humid conditions, core temperature (Tc) and Tc predictors were collected from 11 elite men's rugby sevens athletes competing in the Oceania sevens tournament in Suva, Fiji. Tc, body mass change, sweat electrolytes, playing minutes, total running distance, high speed running distance (HSD), psychrometric wet bulb temperature and exertional heat illness symptoms were collected pre, during and post games. Linear mixed‐models were used to assess the effect of Tc predictors on post‐game Tc, along with differences in Tc across measurement periods. Compared to baseline on both tournament days, mean Tc was higher during all between game (recovery) measures (all d >1.30, p <0.01). On both tournament days, eight athletes reached a post‐game Tc >39.0°C, with several athletes reaching >39.0°C during warm‐ups. Mean post‐game Tc was related to playing minutes, total running distance, HSD, and post warm‐up Tc (all p < 0.01). The Tc during warm‐ups and games regularly exceeded those demonstrated to be detrimental to repeated sprint performance (> 39°C). Warm‐up Tc represents the easiest predictor of post‐game Tc to control via time/intensity modulation and the use of appropriate pre‐ and per‐cooling strategies. Practitioners should be prepared to modulate warm‐ups and other heat preparation strategies based on likely environmental conditions during hot/humid tournaments.
Global ion heating/transport during merging spherical tokamak formation
Authors: Tanabe H. , Tanaka H. , Cao Q. , Cai Y. , Akimitsu M. , Ahmadi T. , Cheng C.Z. , Inomoto M. , Ono Y. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Here we report global ion heating/transport characteristics of magnetic reconnection during merging spherical tokamak formation experiment on TS-6 (TS-3U). Using the 96CH/320CH ultra high resolution ion Doppler tomography diagnostics, the full-2D imaging measurement clearly revealed that magnetic reconnection initially forms localized hot spots in the downstream region of outflow jet with inboard/outboard asymmetry (more deposition in the high field side) but the continuous accumulation of the heating coupled with transport process expands the high temperature region globally and forms characteristic poloidally ring-like structure aligned with field lines. The dynamic ion heating/transport process is also affected by the polarity of toroidal field and poloidally tilted/rotating global structure has experimentally been found both during and after merging. The characteristic poloidal asymmetry gets flipped when toroidal field direction is reversed and it was found that higher temperature appears in the positive potential side, which is opposite to the conventional understanding/prediction of guide field reconnection. Through the parallel acceleration process coupled with global heat transport, poloidally asymmetric non-classical feature has experimentally been found for the first time.
Future cooling gap in shared socioeconomic pathways
Authors: Andrijevic Marina , Byers Edward , Mastrucci Alessio , Smits Jeroen , Fuss Sabine 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The extent to which societies will globally be able to adapt to climate change is not well understood. Here we analyze socioeconomic dimensions of adaptive capacity of populations to deal with heat stress and find income, urbanization and income inequality to be important factors in explaining adaptation to heat stress with air conditioning (AC). Using the scenario framework of the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs), we estimate the future cooling gap, which represents the difference between the population exposed to heat stress and the population able to protect against heat stress with AC. Depending on the scenario of socioeconomic development, total population affected by the cooling gap may vary between 2 billion and 5 billion people in 2050, with the scenario-dependent range widening further towards the end of the century. Our analysis shows vast regional inequalities in adaptive capacity for one of the most universal manifestations of climate change, underscoring the need to account for the different potential levels of adaptive capacity in assessments of climate change impacts.
Multiple Laguerre polynomials: Combinatorial model and Stieltjes moment representation
Authors: Sokal Alan 
Published: August 2021

I give a combinatorial interpretation of the multiple Laguerre polynomials of the first kind of type II, generalizing the digraph model found by Foata and Strehl for the ordinary Laguerre polynomials. I also give an explicit integral representation for these polynomials, which shows that they form a multidimensional Stieltjes moment sequence whenever

x
≤
0

x \le 0

.
Blasphemy in scarequotes
Authors: Sherwood Yvonne 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
‘Blasphemy in scarequotes’ examines contemporary blasphemy cases where ‘blasphemy’ is a smokescreen for realpolitik. ‘Blasphemy’ prosecutions were often an attack on ‘secularism’, and all the sexually and politically dangerous views that often went with it. It is worth considering the story of Naboth’s vineyard in the Bible and the blasphemy charges against the politician Basuki Tjahaja Purnama, journalism student Mashal Khan, artist and poet Ashraf Fayadh, the band Pussy Riot, Aasiya Noreen, as well as Jesus and Socrates. Important in this discussion are both the Charlie Hebdo murders and the establishment of new norms of freedom of religion and freedom from religion as a result of secularist activism.
Blasphemy and law
Authors: Sherwood Yvonne 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
‘Blasphemy and law’ focuses on blasphemy laws, considering the challenge of differentiating between blasphemy and heresy. In order to pinpoint some kind of distinction between the two, historians and legal scholars often cite the contrast between the Hales judgment of 1676 and the Coleridge judgment of 1883. The chapter then assesses the idea of blasphemy as a ‘medieval’ crime, before tracing the evolution of blasphemy laws. One of the things that legal experts often say about blasphemy is that it has been secularized. Whereas once it applied to the purely sacred, now it applies to the social. Finally, the difference between hate speech and blasphemy legislation is an important point of discussion.
Blasphemy and minorities
Authors: Sherwood Yvonne 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
‘Blasphemy and minorities’ describes how ideas about blasphemy have changed with the increasingly visible presence of religious and ethnic minorities. Modern blasphemy laws tended to limit blasphemy to a crime that could only be committed by those educated as Christians against Christianity—with the result that Jews could not blaspheme, nor could Judaism be blasphemed against. Nevertheless, ‘Jews’ have been very present as images in blasphemy controversies. Today it is also very common for blasphemy to be represented as a Muslim problem. The first modern ‘blasphemous’ cartoon of Muhammad and Salman Rushdie’s novel The Satanic Verses (1988), as well as the Danish Cartoon Affair of 2005/2006, are fascinating examples of blasphemy and creativity.
The case for atheism
Authors: Baggini Julian 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
‘The case for atheism’ investigates the case for atheism, which does not depend on proving God does not exist but on making a good case for naturalism. The atheist’s naturalism consists in the view that a human being is a biological animal rather than some kind of embodied spiritual soul, as many religious believers think. The strong evidence all points to our biological nature. We need to think about inductive and abductive arguments concerning atheism as well and differentiate atheism from agnosticism, before assessing whether atheism is a faith position. What are the arguments for religious belief?
Atheist ethics
Authors: Baggini Julian 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
‘Atheist ethics’ argues that atheists are not only capable of leading moral lives, they may even be more able to do so than those who confuse divine law and punishment with right and wrong. The Euthyphro dilemma is very powerful argument against the idea that God is required for morality. An objection to the possibility of a godless morality is the degree of personal choice it seems to leave to the individual. It is important to identify the source(s) of morality and look at the concept of moral thinking. Ultimately, many remain unconvinced that secular ethics really can thrive without some kind of religious foundation.
Meaning and purpose
Authors: Baggini Julian 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
‘Meaning and purpose’ challenges the assumption that without religion, life’s meaning and purpose becomes impossible by arguing that many atheists do and have lived meaningful and purposeful lives. Indeed, atheists could credibly claim that life is more meaningful for them than it is for many religious people who see this world as a kind of preparation for the next. When heaven is the ultimate destination, life on Earth is not really valuable in itself. The atheist, as a naturalist, unequivocally accepts human mortality, with no belief in afterlife, reincarnation, or dissolution of the ego as the self rejoins ultimate reality. We mustn't forget the importance of hedonism.
Atheism in the 21st century
Authors: Baggini Julian 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
‘Atheism in the 21st century’ explains how, at the dawn of the 21st century, the position of atheism was fairly stable around the world. Early in this century, however, Western atheism suddenly came to much greater prominence. The new, assertive movement that was emerging was labelled 'the New Atheism'. The New Atheists were, for the most part, strongly critical of both moderate and fundamentalist religion, dismissive of the idea that they should avoid offending the faithful, and convinced that religious belief was profoundly irrational. They also claim that religion is harmful. Indeed, an objection to religion popular among the New Atheists is that most extremism is motivated by religious faith.
What is climate change?
Authors: Maslin Mark 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
‘What is climate change?’ discusses what climate change is. Climate change is no longer just a scientific concern, but encompasses economics, sociology, geopolitics, national and local politics, law, and health just to name a few. Greenhouse gases (GHGs) play an important role in moderating past global climate. Why they have been rising since before the Industrial Revolution, and why are they now considered dangerous pollutants? Which countries have produced the most anthropogenic GHGs and how is this changing with rapid economic development? It is important here to consider the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and how it regularly collates and assesses the most recent evidence for climate change.
History of climate change
Authors: Maslin Mark 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
‘History of climate change’ traces the history of climate change and the evidence that supports it. The science of climate change started in 1856 with experiments by Eunice Newton Foote demonstrating the greenhouse effect of carbon dioxide. The essential science of climate change was there in the late 1950s, but it was not taken seriously until the late 1980s. Why was there a delay between the science of global warming being accepted in the late 1950s and the realization by those outside the scientific community of the true threat of global warming at the beginning of the 21st century? The key reasons for this delay were the lack of increase in global temperatures and the lack of global environmental awareness. What is the importance of the rise of the global environmental social movement and the new wave of protest and optimism of the last few years?