bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Impact of Airborne Multi-antenna Radar Power Architecture on Weight
Authors: Zaiyu Lin , Qingqing Yu , Jun Zhu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Multi-antenna phased array radar is widely used in airborne detection, and the weight of its power system is affected by the number of antenna and power architecture. Based on the morphological differences of secondary power supply, the power architecture is divided into independent unit architecture, independent module architecture and distributed architecture. By analyze the weight composition and characteristics of power system in multi-antenna radar, the applicable scenarios of various architectures are obtained, and the influencing mechanism of antenna number on power weight is demonstrated. Finally, based on typical airborne fire control radar, the specific weight composition of power system of various architectures in single-antenna radar and three-antenna radar is compared, and the specific effect of antenna number on power weight is obtained.
Micro-scale Aluminium Filled Polymer Composites with Improved Mechanical and Thermal Properties via Hot-pressing
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Zheng Jian , Liu Yahao , Yu Guibo , Zhang Xiaofeng , Wang Zhimin , Ma Xiang , Zhang Chunming 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Polymer based thermal interface materials are widely utilized in aeronautical and aerospace equipment, and can significantly contribute to the cooling of devices, which depends on their high thermal conductivities. In this work, a poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) based composite with micro-scale aluminium particles is fabricated. The aluminium particles were successfully imbedded into the PVDF matrix, and the composite possesses dense structure caused by the hot-pressing process. Benefiting from that, the value of thermal conductivity improves to 1.82 W/(mK), which is 767% higher than that on pristine PVDF. Meanwhile, compared with pristine polymer, the mechanical performances, including tensile strength and modulus, are also significantly improved by 99% and 517%, respectively. The phenomenon can be attributed to the dense inner structure and effective heat transfer pathways of aluminium particles. This simple and effective strategy provides an available method to fabricate the thermoplastic polymeric composite with superior thermal and mechanical properties, used for the high-performance aeronautical and aerospace equipment.
A WEDM-CNC System with Offline Interpolation Post-processing Function
Authors: Ma Huliang , Wang Yanqing 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
At present, the focus of CNC technology is mainly towards open CNC systems and cloud manufacturing. But the motion control of the CNC system is still mainly composed of interpolation and motion execution. In order to improve the accuracy and quality of interpolation, the applied algorithms are becoming more and more complex. When encountering complex trajectories, minor modifications require complex calculations. To solve this problem, a new CNC system architecture is proposed, that is, adding processing functions after interpolation. Put the minor modification of the trajectory after the interpolation. The article first introduces the CNC architecture with offline interpolation post-processing (OIPP). Then the Interpolation Byte Stream (IBS) format used to represent the interpolation data is introduced. Since the IBS format has the dual characteristics of geometry and string, geometric transformation and text processing both can be used in processing operation. On the basis of the software program and the matching motion controller, the WEDM-CNC system with post-interpolation processing function is implemented. The interpolated data transmission in the developed system adopts a dual-pointer structure, which can effectively control the data transmission. Finally, the feasibility of the new CNC system was verified through machining experiments. Experiments show that offline interpolation post-processing can modify the interpolated data with high precision and flexibility.
Printability and bio-functionality of a shear thinning methacrylated xanthan–gelatin composite bioink
Authors: Garcia-Cruz M R , Postma A , Frith J E , Meagher L 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
3D bioprinting is a recent technique that can create complex cell seeded scaffolds and therefore holds great promise to revolutionize the biomedical sector by combining materials and structures that more closely mimic the 3D cell environment in tissues. The most commonly used biomaterials for printing are hydrogels, however, many of the hydrogels used still present issues of printability, stability, or poor cell-material interactions. We propose that bioinks with intrinsic self-assembling and shear thinning properties, such as xanthan gum, can be methacrylated (XGMA) and combined with a bio-functional material such as gelatin methacryloyl (GelMa) to create a stable, cell-interactive bioink with improved properties for 3D bioprinting. These biomaterials have reduced viscosity under high shear and recover their viscosity rapidly after the shear is removed, retaining their shape, which translates to easier extrusion whilst maintaining accurate fidelity after printing. This was confirmed in printing studies, with measured normalized strand widths of 1.2 obtained for high gel concentrations (5+5 % XGMA-GelMA). Furthermore, the introduction of a secondary photo-cross-linking method allowed tuning of the mechanical properties of the hydrogel with stiffness between 15 and 30 kPa, as well as improving the stability of the hydrogel with retention of 75 % of its mass after 90 d. The hydrogel was shown to be biocompatible and bio-active with 97 % cell viability, and cell spreading after 7 d of culture for low gel concentrations (3+3 % XGMA-GelMA). Shear stresses were relatively low while printing (1 kPa) as a result of the shear thinning property of the material, which supported cell viability during extrusion. Finally, printed hydrogels retained high cell viability for lower gel concentrations, and showed improved cell viability for more concentrated hydrogels when compared to cells cultured in bulk hydrogels, presumably due to improved nutrient/oxygen diffusion and cell migration. In conclusion, stability and formulation of a XGMA-GelMA shear thinning composite hydrogel has been optimized to create a bio-functional bioink, with improved printability, and in vitro culture stability via secondary photo-induced cross-linking, making this composite a promising bioink for 3D bioprinting.
Structural, dielectric and magnetic properties of xNi0.50Zn0.40Mn0.10Fe2O4 + (1-x)Bi0.90La0.10Fe0.93Eu0.07O3 multiferroic composites
Authors: Kaiyum A , Hossain M A , Momin A A , Rashid R , Alam F , Hakim M A , Khan M N I 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Multiferroic composites with chemical formula xNi0.50Zn0.40Mn0.10Fe2O4 + (1-x)Bi0.90La0.10Fe0.93Eu0.07O3 were prepared by solid state reaction technique. These composites are a mixture of ferrite and ferroelectric phases confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The phases are crystalline in nature as concentrated and strident peaks were observed in XRD patterns. Elongating and twisting ambiences of various bonds are existing in the composites which are observed from FTIR studies. The surface morphology of the prepared samples was studied by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope and detected that materials are dense but there is inhomogeneity in grain size distribution. It was established by the Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy that all the elements existing in the composition were at an appropriate ratio. The magnetic hysteresis loops of the composite materials were investigated by using Physical Property Measurement System at room temperature. Magnetic properties have been enhanced significantly due to the assimilation of NZMFO in the composites. To understand the ferroelectric strength of the composites, electrical properties of the composite material were studied by P-E hysteresis loop analyses in an external electric field. From P-E hysteresis loops it is observed that the 0.2Ni0.50Zn0.40Mn0.10Fe2O4 + 0.8Bi0.90La0.10Fe0.93Eu0.07O3 composite have shown better ferroelectric nature. Dielectric constant decreases with the increase of ferrite content. The ac resistivity was to be decreased with ferrite content which indicates the reduction of eddy current loss with the increase of ferrite content. The maximum value of α
ME (178 × 103 Vm−1 T−1) is found for 0.2NZMFO + 0.8BLFEO composite.
Improving contrast between gray and white matter of Logan graphical analysis’ parametric images in positron emission tomography through least-squares cubic regression and principal component analysis
Authors: Shigwedha Paulus Kapundja , Yamada Takahiro , Hanaoka Kohei , Ishii Kazunari , Kimura Yuichi , Fukuoka Yutaka 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Logan graphical analysis (LGA) is a method for in vivo quantification of tracer kinetics in positron emission tomography (PET). The shortcoming of LGA is the presence of a negative bias in the estimated parameters for noisy data. Various approaches have been proposed to address this issue. We recently applied an alternative regression method called least-squares cubic (LSC), which considers the errors in both the predictor and response variables to estimate the LGA slope. LSC reduced the bias in non-displaceable binding potential estimates while causing slight increases in the variance. In this study, we combined LSC with a principal component analysis (PCA) denoising technique to counteract the effects of variance on parametric image quality, which was assessed in terms of the contrast between gray and white matter. Tissue time–activity curves were denoised through PCA, prior to estimating the regression parameters using LSC. We refer to this approach as LSC–PCA. LSC–PCA was assessed against OLS–PCA (PCA with ordinary least-squares (OLS)), LSC, and conventional OLS-based LGA. Comparisons were made for simulated 11 C-carfentanil and 11C Pittsburgh compound B (11C-PiB) data, and clinical 11 C-PiB PET images. PCA-based methods were compared over a range of principal components, varied by the percentage variance they account for in the data. The results showed reduced variances in distribution volume ratio estimates in the simulations for LSC–PCA compared to LSC, and lower bias compared to OLS–PCA and OLS. Contrasts were not significantly improved in clinical data, but they showed a significant improvement in simulation data —indicating a potential advantage of LSC–PCA over OLS–PCA. The effects of bias reintroduction when many principal components are used were also observed in OLS–PCA clinical images. We therefore encourage the use of LSC–PCA. LSC–PCA can allow the use of many principal components with minimal risk of bias, thereby strengthening the interpretation of PET parametric images.
Control of stochastic quantum dynamics by differentiable programming
Authors: Schäfer Frank , Sekatski Pavel , Koppenhöfer Martin , Bruder Christoph , Kloc Michal 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Control of the stochastic dynamics of a quantum system is indispensable in fields such as quantum information processing and metrology. However, there is no general ready-made approach to the design of efficient control strategies. Here, we propose a framework for the automated design of control schemes based on differentiable programming. We apply this approach to the state preparation and stabilization of a qubit subjected to homodyne detection. To this end, we formulate the control task as an optimization problem where the loss function quantifies the distance from the target state, and we employ neural networks (NNs) as controllers. The system’s time evolution is governed by a stochastic differential equation (SDE). To implement efficient training, we backpropagate the gradient information from the loss function through the SDE solver using adjoint sensitivity methods. As a first example, we feed the quantum state to the controller and focus on different methods of obtaining gradients. As a second example, we directly feed the homodyne detection signal to the controller. The instantaneous value of the homodyne current contains only very limited information on the actual state of the system, masked by unavoidable photon-number fluctuations. Despite the resulting poor signal-to-noise ratio, we can train our controller to prepare and stabilize the qubit to a target state with a mean fidelity of around 85%. We also compare the solutions found by the NN to a hand-crafted control strategy.
FRC-QE: a robust and comparable 3D microscopy image quality metric for cleared organoids
Authors: Preusser Friedrich , dos Santos Natália , Contzen Jörg , Stachelscheid Harald , Costa Érico Tosoni , Mergenthaler Philipp , Preibisch Stephan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Summary
Here, we propose Fourier ring correlation-based quality estimation (FRC-QE) as a new metric for automated image quality estimation in 3D fluorescence microscopy acquisitions of cleared organoids that yields comparable measurements across experimental replicates, clearing protocols and works for different microscopy modalities.

Availability and implementation
FRC-QE is written in ImgLib2/Java and provided as an easy-to-use and macro-scriptable plugin for Fiji. Code, documentation, sample images and further information can be found under https://github.com/PreibischLab/FRC-QE.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
COVID-19: disease pathways and gene expression changes predict methylprednisolone can improve outcome in severe cases
Authors: Draghici Sorin , Nguyen Tuan-Minh , Sonna Larry A. , Ziraldo Cordelia , Vanciu Radu , Fadel Raef , Morrison Austin , Kenney Rachel M. , Alangaden George , Ramesh Mayur , Mor Gil 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMotivationCOVID-19 has several distinct clinical phases: a viral replication phase, an inflammatory phase and in some patients, a hyper-inflammatory phase. High mortality is associated with patients developing cytokine storm syndrome. Treatment of hyper-inflammation in these patients using existing approved therapies with proven safety profiles could address the immediate need to reduce mortality.ResultsWe analyzed the changes in the gene expression, pathways and putative mechanisms induced by SARS-CoV2 in NHBE, and A549 cells, as well as COVID-19 lung versus their respective controls. We used these changes to identify FDA approved drugs that could be repurposed to help COVID-19 patients with severe symptoms related to hyper-inflammation. We identified methylprednisolone (MP) as a potential leading therapy. The results were then confirmed in five independent validation datasets including Vero E6 cells, lung and intestinal organoids, as well as additional patient lung sample versus their respective controls. Finally, the efficacy of MP was validated in an independent clinical study. Thirty-day all-cause mortality occurred at a significantly lower rate in the MP-treated group compared to control group (29.6% versus 16.6%, P = 0.027). Clinical results confirmed the in silico prediction that MP could improve outcomes in severe cases of COVID-19. A low number needed to treat (NNT = 5) suggests MP may be more efficacious than dexamethasone or hydrocortisone.Availability and implementationiPathwayGuide is available at https://advaitabio.com/ipathwayguide/.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
OCBIL theory: a new science for old ecosystems
Authors: Silveira Fernando A O , Fiedler Peggy L , Hopper Stephen D 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper is an introduction to the special issue of the Biological Journal of the Linnean Society entitled OCBIL theory: a new science for old ecosystems. Firstly, we elaborate on the origins and development of OCBIL theory, which argues that landscape age, climatic buffering and soil fertility are key environmental dimensions shaping ecological and evolutionary processes across different scales. We then consider the 21 contributions made in this special issue in terms of cutting edge advances in the Southern Hemisphere that test, explore and apply aspects of OCBIL theory at the end of its first decade of formal publication. More attempts at refutation are urged, as untested aspects remain controversial. Lastly, a concluding discussion is offered on promising new lines of enquiry to develop the theory further and ensure its global application to pressing conservation issues facing biological and cultural diversity. Although OCBILs are absent or rare in much of the postglacial and periglacial Northern Hemisphere, we demonstrate, in south-west Europe and North America, starting with California, that they are likely to be found, thus extending the implications and applications of OCBIL theory in new directions. We also propose that, in many ways, Noongar Aboriginal cosmology from south-west Australia has developed sophisticated insights about ancient uplands that are precursors to key ideas in OCBIL theory.
Responses of abundant and rare bacterioplankton to temporal change in a subtropical urban reservoir
Authors: Nyirabuhoro Pascaline , Gao Xiaofei , Ndayishimiye Jean Claude , Xiao Peng , Mo Yuanyuan , Ganjidoust Hossein , Yang Jun 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTInvestigation of bacterial community dynamics across different time scales is important for understanding how environmental conditions drive community change over time. Bacterioplankton from the surface waters of a subtropical urban reservoir in southeast China were analyzed through high-frequency sampling over 13 months to compare patterns and ecological processes between short (0‒8 weeks), medium (9‒24 weeks) and long (25‒53 weeks) time intervals. We classified the bacterial community into different subcommunities: abundant taxa (AT); conditionally rare taxa (CRT); rare taxa (RT). CRT contributed &gt; 65% of the alpha-diversity, and temporal change of beta-diversities was more pronounced for AT and CRT than RT. The bacterial community exhibited a directional change in the short- and medium-time intervals and a convergent dynamic during the long-time interval due to a seasonal cycle. Cyanobacteria exhibited a strong succession pattern than other phyla. CRT accounted for &gt; 76% of the network nodes in three stations. The bacteria–environment relationship and deterministic processes were stronger for large sample size at station G (n = 116) than small sample size at stations C (n = 12) and L (n = 22). These findings suggest that a high-frequency sampling approach can provide a better understanding on the time scales at which bacterioplankton can change fast between being abundant or rare, thus providing the facts about environmental factors driving microbial community dynamics. Patterns and processes in alpha- and beta-diversities and community assembly of bacterioplankton differ among different time intervals (short-, medium- and long-time intervals) and different subcommunities (abundant, conditionally rare and rare taxa) in a subtropical urban reservoir, demonstrating the importance of temporal scale and high-frequency sampling in microbial community ecology.
An initial-boundary value problem for the general three-component nonlinear Schrödinger equations on a finite interval
Authors: Yan Zhenya 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The general three-component nonlinear Schrödinger (gtc-NLS) equations are completely integrable and contain the self-focusing, defocusing and mixed cases, which are applied in many physical fields. In this paper, we would like to use the Fokas method to explore the initial-boundary value (IBV) problem for the gtc-NLS equations with a $4\times 4$ matrix Lax pair on a finite interval based on the inverse scattering transform. The solutions of the gtc-NLS equations can be expressed using the solution of a $4\times 4$ matrix Riemann–Hilbert (RH) problem constructed in the complex $k$-plane. The jump matrices of the RH problem can be explicitly found in terms of three spectral functions related to the initial data, and the Dirichlet–Neumann boundary data, respectively. The global relation between the distinct spectral functions is also proposed to derive two distinct but equivalent types of representations of the Dirichlet–Neumann boundary value problems. Particularly, the relevant formulae for the boundary value problems on the finite interval can generate ones on the half-line as the length of the interval closes to infinity. Finally, we also analyse the linearizable boundary conditions for the Gel’fand–Levitan–Marchenko representation. These results will be useful to further study the solution properties of the IBV problem of the gtc-NLS system by using the Deift–Zhou’s nonlinear steepest descent method and some numerical methods.
The development of nature-inspired gripping system of a flat CFRP strip for stress-ribbon structural layout
Authors: Gribniak Viktor , Arnautov Aleksandr K , Rimkus Arvydas 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The elegant stress-ribbon systems are efficient in pedestrian bridges and long-span roofs. Numerous studies defined corrosion of the steel ribbons as the main drawback of these structures. Unidirectional carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) is a promising alternative to steel because of lightweight, high strength, and excellent corrosion and fatigue resistance. However, the application of CFRP materials faced severe problems due to the construction of the anchorage joints, which must resist tremendous axial forces acting in the stress-ribbons. Conventional techniques, suitable for the typical design of the strips made from anisotropic material such as steel, are not useful for СFRP strips. The anisotropy of СFRP makes it vulnerable to loading in a direction perpendicular to the fibers, shear failure of the matrix, and local stress concentrations. This manuscript proposes a new design methodology of the gripping system suitable for the anchorage of flat strips made from fiber-reinforced polymers. The natural shape of a logarithmic spiral Nautilus shell describes the geometry of the contact surface. The continuous smoothly increasing bond stresses due to friction between the anchorage block and the CFRP strip surface enable the gripping system to avoid stress concentrations. The 3D-printed polymeric prototype mechanical tests proved the proposed frictional anchorage system efficiency and validated the developed analytical model.
If You Love the Forest, then Do Not Kill the Trees: Health Care and a Place for the Particular
Authors: Colgrove Nicholas 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThere are numerous ways in which “the particular”—particular individuals (whether patients or physicians), particular ideologies, values, beliefs, and perspectives—are sometimes overlooked, ignored, or even driven out of the healthcare profession. In many such cases, this is bad for patients, practitioners, and the profession (or so I argue). Hence, we should seek to find a place for the particular in health care. Specific topics that I examine in this essay include distribution of health care based on the particular needs of patients, the importance of protecting physicians’ right to conscientious objection, the value in tolerating a plurality of moral and medical perspectives within the field, and more. Ultimately, as the imagery in the essay’s title suggests, I argue that if one cares about the “well-being” of the medical profession (generally), then one should seek to avoid destroying the many diverse and particular entities that constitute it.