bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peritoneal Ultrafiltration and Serum Icodextrin Concentration during Dialysis with 7.5% Icodextrin Solution in Japanese Patients
Authors:   Icodextrin Study Group, Ota Kazuo , Akiba Takashi , Nakao Toshiaki , Nakayama Masaaki , Maeba Teruhiko , Park Min Sun , Tranaeus Anders , Yorioka Noriaki 
Published: October 2021

♦ Objectives To assess the efficacy and safety of icodextrin in Japanese patients and to investigate the relationship between net ultrafiltration (UF) during the long dwell and plasma oligosaccharides. ♦ Design Open-labeled clinical trial involving patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) receiving icodextrin during the 12-hour long dwell for 6 weeks, preceded by and followed by a 2-week baseline period and a follow-up period during which 1.36% glucose was used for the 8-hour long dwell. ♦ Setting A prospective, randomized multicenter study done in tertiary medical centers. ♦ Patients 18 stable patients on CAPD for 3 months or longer. ♦ Main Outcomes Measures Net UF (in milliliters), UF rate (in milliliters per hour), plasma oligosaccharides, serum osmolarity (in milliosmoles per liter), peritoneal absorption of icodextrin, and peritoneal clearances of icodextrin, creatinine, and urea were assessed. Adverse events, laboratory findings, and vital signs were also monitored. ♦ Results Long-dwell net UF (544.4 ± 96.7 mL at day 3, p < 0.001; 309.4 ± 60.7 mL at week 4, p < 0.001; and 391.7 ± 61.1 mL at week 6, p< 0.001) and UF rate (48.2 ± 38.8 mL/hour at day 3, p < 0.001; 26.9 ± 22.1 mL/hr at week 4, p < 0.002; and 35.3 ± 22.9 mL/hr at week 6, p = 0.0002) were significantly greater during the icodextrin period than at baseline (-25.9 ± 46.0 mL and -2.2 ± 22.1 mL/hr, respectively). Plasma oligosaccharides reached steady state within 2 weeks, remained stable during the treatment period, and returned to baseline level 2 weeks after discontinuation of icodextrin. Serum osmolarity increased during the use of icodextrin by approximately 5 mOsm/L. No statistically significant relationship was found between plasma oligosaccharides and net UF. Peritoneal absorption of icodextrin (36.3% ± 5.1% at day 3,42.2% ± 5.9% at week 4, and 38.0% ± 6.3% at week 6) and peritoneal clearance of icodextrin (10.1 mL/minute at day 3,10.1 mL/min at week 4, and 10.3 mL/min at week 6) showed no major change over time. Serum sodium and serum chloride both decreased by 5 mEq/L with icodextrin but remained within the normal range during the treatment period and returned to baseline levels immediately after discontinuation. No serious adverse events were observed during the study. ♦ Conclusion The results of this study do not support the hypothesis that an increased blood oligosaccharide level and the concomitant elevation in serum osmolarity have a negative impact on peritoneal UF. Therefore, the increase in plasma oligosaccharides appears to be too small to be of clinical significance.
The Efficacy of Silver-Ion Implanted Catheters in Reducing Peritoneal Dialysis-Related Infections
Authors: Crabtree John H. , Burchette Raoul J. , Siddiqi Rukhsana A. , Huen Isan T. , Hadnott Linda L , Fishman Arnold 
Published: October 2021

♦ Background Dialysis-related infections are the commonest cause of catheter loss and transfer to hemodialysis. Surface modifications of the catheter that reduce infections are of major importance. ♦ Objective The efficacy of silver-ion treated catheters in reducing dialysis-related infections was tested. ♦ Methods The study design was a prospective, randomized controlled trial. Patients were implanted with either a silver-treated study catheter or a control catheter. Prospective collection of data included infectious complications and catheter survival. ♦ Results The subject groups were comprised of 67 silver-treated catheters and 72 control catheters. Demographic characteristics of the study and control groups were equal. Exit-site infection rates for the study group and control group (0.52 and 0.45 episodes/patient-year of dialysis respectively) were not different by Poisson regression analysis ( p > 0.4). Peritonitis rates were identical for the two groups (0.37 episodes/patient-year) and were not different by Poisson analysis ( p > 0.9). Antibiotic-free intervals between infections for the study and control groups were not significantly different for exit-site infections ( p = 0.58), peritonitis ( p = 0.44), or both infections combined ( p = 0.47). Actuarial analyses showed no differences between the groups in the probability of remaining free of exit-site infection ( p> 0.2) or peritonitis ( p > 0.7). Similarly, catheter survival was not significantly different between the groups ( p > 0.6). ♦ Conclusion Surface modification of catheters with ion beam implantation of silver produced no clinical effect with respect to reducing dialysis-related infections.
Mesothelial Toxicity of Peritoneal Dialysis Fluids is Related Primarily to Glucose Degradation Products, Not to Glucose Per Se
Authors: Witowski Janusz , Bender Thorsten O. , Wisniewska–Elnur Justyna , Ksiazek Krzysztof , Passlick–Deetjen Jutta , Breborowicz Andrzej , Jörres Achim 
Published: October 2021

♦ Objectives High concentrations of glucose and/or formation of glucose degradation products (GDPs) during heat sterilization of peritoneal dialysis fluids (PDFs) are believed to be key factors in the limited biocompatibility of PDFs. We have previously shown that several identified GDPs can specifically impair human peritoneal mesothelial cell (HPMC) function. In the present study we aimed at differentiating the respective roles of glucose and GDPs in the toxicity of PDF to mesothelial cells. ♦ Methods HPMCs were acutely pre-exposed to or incubated chronically in the presence of pH-neutral PDF sterilized by either heat (H-PDF) or filtration (F-PDF). In addition, HPMCs were treated with commercially available H-PDF manufactured either conventionally, that is, in single-chamber containers, or using novel dual-chamber bags that help to substantially decrease GDP formation. Functional assessment of HPMCs included viability, release of interleukin (IL)-6, and proliferation. ♦ Results Viability and release of IL-6 from HPMCs pretreated with H-PDF (pH 7.3) for 1 to 4 hours were significantly reduced compared to cells exposed to corresponding F-PDF. Incubation in medium mixed (1:1) with H-PDF considerably impaired growth of HPMCs, and over a period of 10 days gradually decreased both the viability of HPMCs and their ability to generate IL-6. These effects were either absent from or significantly less in HPMCs exposed to F-PDF. Similar differences were observed when commercial GDP-containing H-PDFs were compared with newly designed H-PDFs free of GDPs. ♦ Conclusions Impaired viability and function of HPMCs exposed to glucose-containing pH-neutral PDF is related predominantly to the presence of GDP and, to a significantly lesser extent, to the presence of glucose per se. Prevention of GDP formation during auto-claving markedly improves the biocompatibility of H-PDF with HPMCs.
Evaluation of subcutaneous daratumumab injections in the ambulatory care setting
Authors: Tam Andrew H. , Jung Yoonie , Young Rebecca , Huang Chiung-Yu , Wolf Jeffrey , Shah Nina , Wong Sandy W. , Martin Thomas G. , Lo Mimi 
Published: October 2021

Introduction Subcutaneous daratumumab is non-inferior to intravenous daratumumab for the treatment of multiple myeloma and significantly reduced incidence of systemic reactions. However, manufacturer for subcutaneous daratumumab has not provided guidance regarding optimal methods for monitoring for hypersensitivity reactions following subcutaneous daratumumab administration. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed in two cohorts of patients who received at least two doses of subcutaneous daratumumab for the treatment of plasma cell disorders: patients with previous exposure to intravenous daratumumab (dara-exposed) and patients without history of intravenous daratumumab (dara-naïve). The primary outcome was incidence of systemic and injection-site reactions following first dose of subcutaneous daratumumab. Secondary analysis included time to systemic and injection-site reactions, grading of adverse reaction, and incidence of second systemic reaction. Results Thirty-one patients were dara-naïve and 49 patients were dara-exposed. Differences in incidence of systemic (dara-naïve: 9.7% vs dara-exposed: 6.1%, p = 0.67) and injection-site reactions (dara-naïve: 12.9% vs dara-exposed: 14.3%, p = 0.99) did not reach statistical significance. Difference in median time to systemic reaction (dara-naïve: 3 h vs dara-exposed: 12 h, p = 0.18) was clinically important but did not reach statistical significance. Median time to injection-site reactions (dara-naïve: 6 h vs dara-exposed: 24 h, p = 0.03) was shorter in the dara-naïve cohort. No clinically meaningful difference was observed for incidence of second systemic reaction. Conclusion Most reactions were mild and did not require medical intervention. Following first subcutaneous daratumumab dose, monitoring for 3 h for dara-naïve patients and no monitoring time for dara-exposed patients for hypersensitivity reactions may be a safe and reasonable practice.
Untangling the Complexities of Substance Use Initiation and Recovery: Client Reflections on Opioid Use Prevention and Recovery From a Social-Ecological Perspective
Authors: Maina Geoffrey , Marshall Kerry , Sherstobitof Jordan 
Published: October 2021

Background: In Canada, the rate of opioid use, opioid use disorder (OUD), and associated mortality and morbidity are higher among Indigenous Peoples than the general population. Indigenous Peoples on medications for opioid use disorders (MOUD) often face distinct barriers that hinder their clinical progress, leading to treatment attrition. Methods: We used a social-ecological model to inquire into clients’ experiences with a history of treatment failure for OUD. We used exploratory qualitative research to engage 22 clients with a history of OUD treatment dropouts and who are currently on MOUD. In-depth, semi-structured interviews lasting an average of 30 minutes were conducted on-site. Results: We identified 4 themes from the study: (a) risk for substance use; (b) factors sustaining substance use; (c) factors leading to treatment, and (d) treatment failure and re-enrollment. Conclusion: Using a socio-ecological model helps to understand factors that influence an individual’s risk for OUD, decision to pursue treatment, and treatment outcomes. Furthermore, social ecological model also creates possibilities to develop supportive, multilevel interventions to prevent OUD risks and support for clients on MOUD. Such interventions include mitigating adverse childhood experiences, supporting families, and creating safe community environments.
Eloquence-based reperfusion scoring and its ability to predict post-thrombectomy disability and functional status
Authors: Pressman Elliot , Sands Victoria , Flores Gabriel , Chen Liwei , Mhaskar Rahul , Guerrero Waldo R , Ren Zeguang , Mokin Maxim 
Published: October 2021

Background Angiographic reperfusion after endovascular thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke is commonly graded using volume-based reperfusion scores such as the modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarct score. The location of non-reperfused regions is not included in modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarct score. We studied the predictive ability of an eloquence-based reperfusion score. Methods Consecutive cases of endovascular thrombectomy for anterior circulation strokes performed between January 2018 and April 2020 were included. Digital subtraction angiograms were reviewed by two blinded neurointerventionalist operators. Incomplete reperfusion was further classified by lobar regions lacking reperfusion to create various cohorts. Outcomes were graded four to seven days post-procedure with the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and 90 days post-procedure with the modified Rankin Scale. Results One hundred patients were identified. Via multivariate analysis, we found that frontal lobe non-reperfusion (mean difference (MD) = −1.60, p = 0.002) and occipital lobe non-reperfusion (MD = −1.68, p = 0.001) were associated with worse mental status improvement while left-sided stroke (MD = 2.02, p < 0.001) featured better improvement post-thrombectomy. Occipital lobe non-reperfusion (MD = −0.734, p = 0.009) was associated with the worse improvement of visual fields. The non-reperfusion of the frontal lobe was associated with a 1.732-worse NIHSS hemibody strength score (95% confidence interval (95%CI) = −3.39 to −0.072, p = 0.041). Worse improvement in NIHSS scores was found to be associated with frontal lobe non-reperfusion (MD = −5.34, 95%CI = −9.52 to −1.18, p = 0.013) and occipital lobe non-reperfusion (MD = −6.35, 95%CI = −10.4 to −2.31, p = 0.002). Odds of achieving modified Rankin Scale of 0–2 at 90 days were decreased with frontal lobe non-reperfusion (odds ratio (OR) = 0.279, 95%CI = 0.090–0.869, p = 0.028) and left laterality (OR = 0.376, 95%CI = 0.153–0.922, p = 0.033). Conclusions Eloquence-based reperfusion assessment is an important predictor for functional outcomes after thrombectomy.
A customized percutaneous three-dimensional-printed guide for scaphoid fixation versus a freehand technique: a comparative study
Authors: Marcano-Fernández Francesc A , Berenguer Alexandre , Fillat-Gomà Ferran , Corderch-Navarro Sergi , Cámara-Cabrera Jaume , Sánchez-Flò Ricard 
Published: October 2021

The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy and reliability of percutaneous fixation of minimally displaced scaphoid fractures using a customized three-dimensional (3-D)-printed guide with a conventional freehand method. A prospective cohort of ten patients underwent scaphoid fixation with the aid of a customized 3-D-printed guide. The final screw position, total surgery time (minutes) and fluoroscopy time (seconds) was compared with a retrospective cohort of ten patients who underwent fixation with a conventional technique. There were no differences in final screw position between both methods. The patients in which the 3-D guide was used had a surgery time reduction of 43% and a fluoroscopy time reduction of 52% compared with the control freehand group. The use of a customized 3-D-printed guide permits a fixation that is as accurate as the standard freehand technique, with reduction in surgical time and intraoperative radiation exposure. Level of evidence: III
Feature selection from magnetic resonance imaging data in ALS: a systematic review
Authors: Kocar Thomas D. , Müller Hans-Peter , Ludolph Albert C. , Kassubek Jan 
Published: October 2021

Background: With the advances in neuroimaging in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), it has been speculated that multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is capable to contribute to early diagnosis. Machine learning (ML) can be regarded as the missing piece that allows for the useful integration of multiparametric MRI data into a diagnostic classifier. The major challenges in developing ML classifiers for ALS are limited data quantity and a suboptimal sample to feature ratio which can be addressed by sound feature selection. Methods: We conducted a systematic review to collect MRI biomarkers that could be used as features by searching the online database PubMed for entries in the recent 4 years that contained cross-sectional neuroimaging data of subjects with ALS and an adequate control group. In addition to the qualitative synthesis, a semi-quantitative analysis was conducted for each MRI modality that indicated which brain regions were most commonly reported. Results: Our search resulted in 151 studies with a total of 221 datasets. In summary, our findings highly resembled generally accepted neuropathological patterns of ALS, with degeneration of the motor cortex and the corticospinal tract, but also in frontal, temporal, and subcortical structures, consistent with the neuropathological four-stage model of the propagation of pTDP-43 in ALS. Conclusions: These insights are discussed with respect to their potential for MRI feature selection for future ML-based neuroimaging classifiers in ALS. The integration of multiparametric MRI including DTI, volumetric, and texture data using ML may be the best approach to generate a diagnostic neuroimaging tool for ALS.
Radiological Outcome Measures Indicate Advantages of Precontoured Locking Compression Plates in Elderly Patients With Split-Depression Fractures to the Lateral Tibial Plateau (AO41B3)
Authors: Prall Wolf C. , Kusmenkov Thomas , Rieger Maximilian , Haasters Florian , Mayr Hermann O. , Böcker Wolfgang , Fürmetz Julian 
Published: October 2021

Background Split-depression fractures to the lateral tibial plateau (AO41B3) often feature severe joint surface destructions. Precontoured locking compression plates (LCPs) are designed for optimum support of the reduced joint surface and have especially been emphasized in reduced bone quality. A lack of evidence still inhibits their broad utilization in elderly patients. Thus, aim of the present study was to investigate the implant-specific radiological outcomes of AO41B3-fractures in young versus elderly patients. Methods The hospital’s database was screened for isolated AO41B3-factures, open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF), and radiological follow-up ≥12 months. CT-scans, radiographs, and patients’ records were analyzed. Patients were attributed as young (18–49) or elderly (≥50 years). Additional subgrouping was carried out into precontoured LCP and conventional implants. The Rasmussen Radiological Score (RRS) after 12 months was set as primary outcome parameter. The RRS postoperatively and the medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA) postoperatively and after 12 months were secondary outcome parameters. Results Fifty nine consecutive patients were included (26 young, 38.2 ± 7.8 years; 33 elderly, 61.3 ± 9.4 years). There were no significant differences regarding mean size and depression depth of the lateral joint surface fragments. Prior to implant-specific subgrouping, the radiological outcome measures revealed no significant differences between young (RRS = 7.7 ± 1.7; MPTA = 90.3 ± 2.3°) and elderly (RRS = 7.2 ± 1.7; MPTA = 90.5 ± 3.3°). After implant-specific subgrouping, the radiological outcome revealed significantly impaired results in young patients with conventional implants (RRS(C) = 6.9 ± 1.6, RRS(LCP) = 8.5 ± 1.5, P = .015; MPTA(C) = 91.5 ± 1.9°, MPTA(LCP) = 89.1 ± 2.1°, P = .01). The effect was even more pronounced in elderly patients, with highly significant deterioration of the radiological outcome measures for conventional implants compared to precontoured LCP (RRS(C) = 5.7 ± 1.6, RRS(LCP) = 8.2 ± .8, P < .001; MPTA(C) = 92.6 ± 4.2°, MPTA(LCP) = 89.2 ± 1.4°, P = .002). Conclusion Utilizing precontoured LCP in the treatment of AO41B3-fractures is associated with improved radiological outcomes. This effect is significant in young but even more pronounced in elderly patients. Consequently, precontoured LCP should closely be considered in any AO41B3-fracture, but especially in elderly patients.
Satisfaction and Loyalty in Local Food Festival: Do Switching Barriers Matter?
Authors: Zargar Pouya , Farmanesh Panteha 
Published: October 2021

In food tourism context, attracting customers and provision of satisfaction is of necessity. In accord with the call for empirical evidence within the extant literature, this study examines switching barriers and its role as moderator on the relationship between satisfaction and customer loyalty, at a food festival in Delhi, India. Switching barriers can be a vital factor for attracting more tourists into organized festivals, if implied adequately and maintained on a controlled manner. Creating switching barriers can be an effective approach for obtaining long-term visitors from marketing and tourism aspects. A questionnaire was designed specifically using related measures based on the literature. Various regression models were applied to estimate switching barriers’ effects and to further analyze our hypotheses. Interaction plot exhibited suppressing effect of switching barriers on the relationship between customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. The results of this study found that the role of switching barriers is not merely statistically significant, but requires critical attention from organizers. JEL Classification: M3, M30, M31, M37, M39
The changes of joint-position sense, peroneal strength, postural control, and functional performance ability after the modified Broström procedure for chronic ankle instability
Authors: Choi Seung-Myung , Cho Byung-Ki , Park Woo-Sung , Woo Kyung-Jei 
Published: October 2021

Purpose: Residual functional ankle instability regardless of the restoration of mechanical stability after the lateral ligament repair or reconstruction can cause recurrent sprain. The purpose of this study was to identify the sequential changes of joint-position sense, peroneal strength, postural control, and functional performance ability after the modified Broström procedure (MBP) for chronic ankle instability. Methods: A total of 46 patients (46 ankles) who underwent the MBP for chronic ankle instability were eligible for this study and were followed up for 1 year postoperatively. The changes of joint-position sense and peroneal strength were periodically evaluated with an isokinetic dynamometer. Postural control ability was evaluated using a one-leg stance test with eyes closed. The functional performance ability examination comprised a one-leg hop test, a six-meter hop test, and a cross three-meter hop test. Results: The error in joint-position sense significantly improved from a mean 4.3° to 2.8° ( p < 0.001). Peak torque for eversion significantly improved from a mean 18.2 Nm to 21.2 Nm ( p = 0.024). Balance retention time significantly improved from a mean 4.7 s to 6.4 s ( p < 0.001). Among the functional performance tests, only the one-leg hop test showed a significant improvement postoperatively ( p = 0.031). At 1 year postoperatively, the recovery ratios compared to the unaffected ankle were 67.9% in joint-position sense ( p < 0.001), 86.9% in peroneal strength ( p = 0.012), and 74.4% in postural control ( p < 0.001), with significant side-to-side differences. Conclusion: Although joint-position sense, peroneal strength, postural control, and functional performance ability were significantly improved after the MBP, recovery ratios compared to the unaffected ankle were insufficient up to 1 year postoperatively. Level of Evidence: Level IV (prospective case series)
Defining Industrial Heritage in the Indian Context
Authors: Tipnis Aishwarya , Singh Mandeep 
Published: October 2021

The narrative of Indian industrialization is unique, a country that is both industrializing and de-industrializing simultaneously and that is struggling in the discovery of its own identity within the myriad political, ethnic, social and economic discourses. The massive push given to industry in this contemporary era has a definitive impact on the urban landscape. The contemporary political economy is in the process of disinvestment of State assets, which are cornerstones of the narratives of Indian industrialization, their loss and comprehensive redevelopment have a significant impact on place identity in urban areas. While the idea of urban heritage conservation is very nascent, the concept of industrial heritage conservation is largely non-existent in India. The industrial timeline of India is different from the global timeline; the lack of an official definition, and therefore a lack of an official legislation, for recognition and legal protection of industrial sites in India has an impact on the perception of what constitutes Indian industrial heritage. Most industrial heritage sites are vulnerable to loss or replacement on the pretext of being considered too ordinary to be preserved. This article presents a chronological narrative of industrialization and defines a framework for identifying typologies of industrial heritage sites in the Indian context, building a case for recognizing, protecting and sustainable development.