bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterizing optical behavior of automotive metal flake-pigmented coating systems using reflectance transformation imaging
Authors: Fashandi Sajjad , Ansari Keivan , Mohseni Mohsen , Yahyaei Hossein , Mansouri Alamin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Metal flake-pigmented coatings are widely appreciated for their eye-catching appearance, and understanding their physical and optical properties is crucial for the automotive coatings industry. The metal flakes loaded in these coatings are optically anisotropic, with their sparkle change based on illumination and viewing angles. These tiny micro-mirrors exhibit various local angular reflections (LARni), and it is interesting to characterize their type-dependent optical behavior. In this study, we employed a reflectance transformation imaging (RTI) system to quantify the mean local angular reflectance (M-LARe) index of metal flakes in automotive metallic coatings. We first captured multi-light image collections (MLICs) from seven automotive metal flake-pigmented coatings, followed by a series of processing steps to extract the flakes’ LARni. The extracted LARni were then normalized, both radiometrically and geometrically, and used to compute the proposed type-dependent index, which is independent of the device and flake size and orientation. Finally, the M-LARe index histograms of the coatings were derived, and the seven samples were ranked according to their reflective capacity. We also observed a meaningful dependency between the mean value of the proposed M-LARe indices for each sample and its sparkle grade at 15°. Potential uncertainties, such as resin type, coating thickness, and metal flake count, were also acknowledged.
Quasi-Wronskian solitons in the non-commutative kuralay-IIA equation: analysis and simulations
Authors: Riaz H W A 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this study, we explore the non-commutative extension of the Kuralay-IIA equation. We treat real or complex-valued functions as non-commutative and employ the Lax pair corresponding to the evolution equation, similar to the commutative case. The quasi-Wronskian solution is derived using a Darboux transformation, with soliton solutions presented explicitly within the quasideterminant framework. Simulations illustrating the dynamics and solutions are provided for visualization. Additionally, we analyze the effects of non-commutativity on soliton profiles, revealing novel structures and dynamics distinct from commutative cases. This work paves the way for further exploration of non-commutative integrable systems and their applications in mathematical physics.
Adsorption of lithium, sodium, gallium, and sulfur atoms onto a GaS monolayer
Authors: Meléndez-Martínez Raúl F , Ortega-Lopez César , Espitia-Rico Miguel J 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Hexagonal gallium sulfide (GaS) monolayer is a very promising monochalcogenide for applications such as electronics, optoelectronics, and catalysts. The adsorption and the diffusion of lithium (Li), sodium (Na), gallium (Ga), and sulfur (S) atoms onto the 2 × 2-GaS hexagonal monolayer are investigated using density functional theory (DFT), along with atomic pseudopotentials. The values of the calculations for the adsorption energy show that the energetically most favorable site for the Li, Na, and Ga adsorbates is the H site, while the most energetically favorable site for the S adsorbate is the TS site. The values calculated for the adsorption energy at the energetically most favorable sites for the Li, Na, Ga, and S atomic adsorbates are −1.853 eV, −1.378 eV, −1.028 eV, and −1.525 eV, respectively. Analysis of the structural properties revealed that after the adsorption process, the GaS+ads system maintains its structure and geometry, since the lattice constants and the lGa-Ga, lGa-S, and lS-S bond lengths do not change significantly with respect to the pristine monolayer. The diffusion of Li, Na, Ga, and S atoms on the 2 × 2-GaS monolayer’s surface shows energy barriers of 28 meV, 40 meV, 72 meV, and 161 meV, respectively. From the total density of states (DOS), it is established that in all cases the GaS+ads monolayer system acquires metallic behavior. Finally, analysis of the Bader charge of the GaS+ads system just at the energetically most favorable sites shows that the Li and Na atoms transfer charge to the monolayer (cations), becoming ionized, while the Ga and S atoms transfer and gain charge from the monolayer, respectively, becoming partially ionized. This electronic behavior makes the GaS monolayer a promising material for use as an anode in batteries.
Thermal inspection on MHD Prandtl fluid flow past a stretching sheet in the presence of heat generation/absorption and suction/injection
Authors: Meenakumari R , Rani P Yamuna , Sucharitha G , Vajravelu Kuppalapalle , Lakshminarayana P 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
For the past several years, researchers have been investigating the thermal boundary layer behavior under various assumptions due to contemporary requirements. From the existing literature, it has been noticed that no investigation has been conducted to examine the thermal and mass transport of a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of a Prandtl fluid past a stretching sheet with heat generation/absorption and suction/injection. To address this gap, this study looks at how the changed thermal flux, heat generation/absorption, and suction/injection affect the convective flow of MHD Prandtl fluid over a stretching surface. The governing system of nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) has been reduced to a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) through appropriate transformations. The desired numerical solutions of the resulting ODEs have been obtained using the bvp5c MATLAB package. We have analyzed and presented the effects of the physical parameters on the velocity, temperature, and concentration fields using graphs and tables. Also, the drag coefficient, heat, and mass transport rates were examined. Additionally, an entropy analysis has been conducted to explore the reusability of heat production. It has been observed that intensifying the magnetic and porosity parameters reduces the flow velocity while increasing the Eckert number, heat generation parameter, and the Biot number significantly increases the temperature. The concentration drops with an increase in the Schmidt number and the chemical reaction parameter. This study holds significant implications for industries that rely on drug delivery, heat exchanger technology, polymerization, and refining processes.
Collective transitions of two accelerated entangled atoms coupled to electromagnetic fields in presence of a boundary
Authors: Cheng Shijing , Cheng Xuerong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We study the average rate of change of energy of two accelerated entangled atoms coupled to electromagnetic fields at presence of a reflecting boundary, which according to the DDC formalism is only attributed to the contribution of radiative reaction of atoms. When the boundary is present, this result can be expressed as the sum of the free-space result and the boundary-induced modifications, and it generally depends on the two-atom initial state, the orientations of atomic dipole moments, as well as the relative scales among atom-boundary distance, interatomic separation, and the inverse of atomic acceleration. When the two atoms are vertically aligned and one atom is very close to the boundary, we find that the terms only related to the closer atom are zero for the symmetric state but are double the free-space counterpart for the antisymmetric state, if the atom is polarizable parallel to the boundary; however, for the atom polarizable vertically to the boundary, such terms vanish for the antisymmetric state but are twice the free-space counterpart for the symmetric state. Moreover, the terms related to the farther atom exhibit obviously oscillatory behaviors, and the terms related to both atoms are vanishing unless the dipole moments of two atoms both have the components vertical to the boundary. When the two atoms are aligned parallel to and very close to the boundary, the terms related to one atom are interatomic-separation-independent and only influenced by the atomic dipole moments; the terms related to both atoms are actually consistent with the counterpart in the vertical-alignment case. In addition, when the two atoms are polarizable along the direction parallel to the boundary, the average rate of change of energy of two parallel-aligned and symmetric entangled atoms vanishes as if the two atoms were a closed system.
Fast electrons produced by lower hybrid wave and effects on plasma–wall interactions
Authors: Lu Hailong , Xiang Nong , Qian Zehua , Yang Hua , Li Miaohui , Jia Manni , Li Gen , Wang Zechen , Deng Changhao , Lu Jinjin , Long Jiamin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Lower hybrid wave (LHW) current drive plays a crucial role in sustaining steady-state (SS) discharges on the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST). Hotspots frequently form on the wave antenna and guard limiters during SS operations. Although both experimental and theoretical studies suggest that fast electrons could be responsible for these hotspots, the underlying mechanisms of fast electron generation under typical EAST operational parameters and their impact on the hotspots remain unresolved. In this work, particle-in-cell simulations are used to investigate the interactions between LHWs and electrons in front of the antenna, taking into account the realistic incident power spectra and localized field effects. The results show that, due to resonance overlap, fast electrons are produced through resonant interactions between electrons and LHW components with a high parallel refractive index (N
∥). The velocity distribution function in velocity space is found to significantly depend on plasma parameters near the antenna, such as q
95, electron temperature, and input power. These fast electrons notably enhance the sheath potential on the guard limiters and increase the heat flux to the wall.
Water security in North Carolina’s most economically insecure county: a case study
Authors: Long Hana C , Collins-Hall Beverly , Moore Kaelan , Cutts Bethany , Gibson Jacqueline MacDonald 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Negative health impacts of water insecurity are often felt most in poor and rural communities and communities of color, who are more likely to be underserved by water infrastructure and disproportionately subject to socioeconomic stressors. Despite mandated efforts to allocate significant federal resources to infrastructure funding in ‘disadvantaged communities,’ communities with the most need risk systematic exclusion from access to resources, decision-making structures, and even benefits of research intended to address inequitable infrastructure services and health outcomes in their own communities. This project aims to describe groundwork and preliminary findings from community-engaged environmental research conducted within an ongoing community-based participatory research partnership in Robeson County, NC, a majority–minority county with the lowest median household income of NC’s 100 counties. Semi-structured interviews conducted with community members were analyzed to identify concerns about drinking water security (including safety, affordability, and reliability), perceptions of water quality, averting behaviors taken due to water insecurity, and ideas for improving water security. Findings suggest that there is a high level of mistrust in community water supplies, with perceptions of poor water quality driving a reliance on bottled water. Those relying on private wells expressed greater trust in their water and lower reliance on bottled water. Concerns about affordability were less prominent than those about water quality. Insufficient water reliability (low flow) was mentioned by many respondents, including those with community water service and those relying on private wells. Most supported increasing taxes to improve water security and also recommended increasing communications between water service providers and the public to improve trust. Overall, this work suggests the need for a comprehensive assessment of the quality and reliability of community water services in Robeson County, interventions to address problems identified, and much more engagement with the community about identifying and allocating funding to solve water security problems.
Thought experiments
Authors: Ashe Laura 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter begins with Aristotle’s and Aquinas’ definitions of injustice, and of the nature of an unjust act, and a consideration of whether the will of one who suffers an unjust act affects its ethical status. In light of this it moves to a close analysis of the Physician’s Tale, arguing that it can best be understood as a philosophical thought experiment at the limits of ethical and moral action: an exposition of the question, in what circumstances of injustice, and by what understandings of the nature of shame and subjectivity, is it morally rational to choose death? This is inflected by medieval Christian understandings of suicide as a sin, against what appears as Chaucer’s experiment with agency and subjectivity under conditions of injustice. Arguing for the overall coherence of the Canterbury Tales’ Fragment VI (Physician’s and Pardoner’s Tales), discussion then compares the Pardoner, and in particular the figure of the Old Man in the Pardoner’s Tale, with the philosophical speculations offered by the Physician’s Tale. A new reading is given of the Old Man as a mirrored image of the Physician’s Tale’s Virginia, and it is argued that the fragment as a whole provides a disturbing exploration of Christian despair, as described by Kierkegaard.
All the King’s Men
Authors: Keo Bernard Z 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
As a community that straddled the economic, social, and cultural worlds of the Malay, Chinese, and British of Malaya, the Peranakan were in many ways the first Malayans. Piecing together Colonial Office records, memoirs, newspaper articles, and Peranakan writing in the Straits Chinese Magazine, this chapter explores the development of a distinctly cosmopolitan consciousness within the community over the course of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries and how this contributed to their development of an inclusive and multi-ethnic imagination of the nation. It follows the Peranakan community’s interactions with the ideas and institutions of the British Empire from the very beginnings of the British presence in Malaya with the founding of the English East India Company (EIC) settlement on Penang Island in 1786 to the temporary withdrawal of the British from Malaya until the end of World War II in 1945. By unpacking Peranakan ideas of identity and belonging, this chapter lays the foundation for new understandings of the motivations behind Peranakan political activity from the end of the war to Malaya’s eventual independence in 1957. It furthermore radically rewrites the conventional characterization of Peranakan as ‘outsiders’ and recentres the making of Malaya towards a heretofore unacknowledged historical trajectory.
A Call to (Joint) Action
Authors: Keo Bernard Z 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Following widespread Malay opposition to the Malayan Union, the British colonial government negotiated with the Malay Rulers and the United Malays National Organisation—the pre-eminent political party for ethnic Malays—to replace the Union. The result was the Federation of Malaya, which restored special Malay privileges and introduced strict requirements for citizenship that disenfranchised a majority of the non-Malay population. The Federation proposals galvanized a range of opposition groups across the political spectrum from the major ethnic communities. This chapter sheds light on the Peranakan individuals and organizations that resisted the fledgling ethnonationalist state from 1946 to 1948. More specifically, it recontextualizes the anti-Federation movement as presenting serious opposition to the ethno-centric vision of the nation-state put forward by Anglo-Malay compromise. Focussing on various groups of Peranakan and their competing visions of Malaya’s future, it ultimately hones in on how the failure to stop the Federation brought one faction of Peranakan from Penang towards a drastic course of action—secession.
Prospective pooled analyses of ambient ultraviolet radiation levels and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and multiple myeloma
Authors: Wang Sophia S , Bertrand Kimberly A , Deubler Emily L , Chao Chun R , Birmann Brenda M , Rosner Bernard A , McCullough Marjorie , Shu Yu-Hsiang , Wang Ke , Zhong Charlie , Cauble Emily L , Patel Alpa V , Lacey Jr James V , Cockburn Myles 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Case-control studies of sun exposure and ultraviolet radiation (UVR) have consistently reported inverse associations with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) risk, but prospective studies have yielded mixed results. Few studies have explored these exposures in relation to multiple myeloma (MM) risk. To further evaluate these associations with NHL and MM risk and identify etiologically relevant exposure timing, we pooled data on 566,693 individuals from 6 United States (U.S.) prospective cohort studies (11,636 incident NHL; 2,749 incident MM; median follow-up: 20 years) and used geographic information systems models to estimate residential ambient UVR levels at time points from birth to adulthood. Using Cox proportional hazards models, we calculated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations of residential ambient UVR levels with NHL overall, NHL subtypes, and MM, adjusted for study, age and other putative risk factors. No UVR measures were significantly associated with NHL or NHL subtypes. Higher residential UVR levels during cohort follow-up were inversely associated with MM overall and among females (longitudinally-updated HR per interquartile range increase: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.63, 0.86) but not males (1.08; 0.90, 1.29). Our results do not confirm an inverse association of adult ambient UVR levels with NHL risk. The MM findings require further investigation.
Development of a physical performance summary score in middle age: Findings from the CARDIA Function study
Authors: Burrows Brett T , Sloane Richard , Faldowski Richard , Pieper Carl , Lewis Cora E , Gabriel Kelley Pettee , Jacobs David R , Bowling C Barrett 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Few physical performance batteries exist that appropriately evaluate physical limitations in middle-aged adults. We aimed to develop a physical performance summary score that is appropriate for use in epidemiology studies of middle-aged adults using data from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Function study, which assessed self-reported function (PROMIS-SF20a) and physical performance measures (gait speed, balance, lower-body strength, grip strength, and cardiovascular endurance). The CARDIA Physical Performance (CAPP) score was developed using sex-specific quartiles, assigning points based on these quartiles (0 for not attempted, 1-4 for each quartile), and summing points across all performance measures (0-20, higher scores reflect greater performance). We also examined the relationship between CAPP score and other function-related measures (physical activity, quality of life, sedentary behavior, body mass index, and waist circumference). Among 2,021 CARDIA Function participants [mean age: 60.0±3.6 years; 58% female; 44% Black] a 1-point higher CAPP score (μ= 12.3±4.1) was associated with a 0.85 higher PROMIS-SF20a score (β= 0.85, p&lt; 0.001). CAPP score had a canonical correlation coefficient of 0.63 (p&lt; 0.0001) suggesting a strong correlation with other function-related measures. CAPP score captured a wide range of physical performance and was correlated with self-reported function and other function-related measures.
Advancing Health Equity Metrics: Estimating the Burden of Lung Cancer Attributed to Known Carcinogens by Socio-economic Position
Authors: Counil Emilie , Ismail Walaa , Roblin Arthur , Luce Danièle , Paris Christophe 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Attributable burden of disease estimates reported population-wide do not reflect social disparities in exposures and outcomes. This makes one of the influential scientific tools in public health decision-making insensitive to the distribution of health impacts between socioeconomic groups. Our aim was to use the often-overlooked distributive property of the population attributable fraction (PAF) to quantitatively partition the population burden attributed to know risk factors into subgroups defined by their socioeconomic position (SEP). To illustrate our approach, we focus on lung cancer risk in relation to smoking and exposure to three occupational carcinogens: asbestos, silica dust and diesel motor exhaust. We directly estimate PAFs from a large population-based case-control study using multiple unconditional logistic regression, mutually adjusting for available known risk factors. We partition the PAFs of occupational exposures and smoking according to different SEP indicators: occupational class, prestige and trajectory, and education. Our results show that workplace exposures, smoking and their population health impacts concentrate among lower-SEP groups, a long-known reality that had never been measured through a PAF approach. While attempting to quantify the avoidable burden of diseases, it is useful to partition population-wide into SEP-specific metrics, as the modifiable exposures (behavioural, work-related, environmental) are socially stratified.
Assessing the 10/66 Dementia Classification Algorithm for International Comparative Analyses with the U.S.
Authors: Llibre Guerra Jorge J , Weiss Jordan , Li Jing , Soria Chris , Rodriguez-Salgado Ana , de Jesús Llibre Rodriguez Juan , Jiménez Velázquez Ivonne Z , Acosta Daisy , Liu Mao-Mei , Dow William H 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Cross-national comparisons of dementia prevalence are essential for identifying unique determinants and cultural-specific risk factors, but methodological differences in dementia classification across countries hinder global comparisons. This study maps the 10/66 algorithm for dementia classification, widely used and validated in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), to the U.S. Aging, Demographics, and Memory Study (ADAMS), the dementia sub-study of the Health and Retirement Study, and assesses its performance in ADAMS. We identified the subset of 10/66 algorithm items comparably measured in ADAMS, then used these items to re-train the 10/66 algorithm against the ADAMS clinical dementia diagnosis, employing k-fold cross-validation to assess performance. We compared the modified 10/66 algorithm to four other dementia classification algorithms previously validated in ADAMS, both for overall dementia estimation as well as for estimating education gradients. The modified 10/66 algorithm had higher sensitivity (87%) and specificity (93%) than the comparison algorithms. All of the algorithms over-estimated the education gradient in dementia, although the modest ADAMS sample size precludes precise comparisons of education gradient accuracy. Overall, we found that the modified 10/66 algorithm performs well in classifying dementia status in the U.S. Our results support the validity of risk factor comparisons between U.S. and 10/66 LMIC dementia datasets.