bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alcohol and nicotine polygenic scores are associated with the development of alcohol and nicotine use problems from adolescence to young adulthood
Authors: Deak Joseph D. , Clark D. Angus , Liu Mengzhen , Schaefer Jonathan D. , Jang Seon Kyeong , Durbin C. Emily , Iacono William G. , McGue Matt , Vrieze Scott , Hicks Brian M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsMolecular genetic studies of alcohol and nicotine use have identified many genome‐wide association study (GWAS) loci. We measured associations between drinking and smoking polygenic scores (PGS) and trajectories of alcohol and nicotine use outcomes from late childhood to early adulthood, substance‐specific versus broader‐liability PGS effects, and if PGS performance varied for consumption versus problematic substance use.Design, setting, participants and measurementsWe fitted latent growth curve models with structured residuals to scores on measures of alcohol and nicotine use and problems from ages 14 to 34 years. We then estimated associations between the intercept (initial status) and slope (rate of change) parameters and PGSs for drinks per week (DPW), problematic alcohol use (PAU), cigarettes per day (CPD) and ever being a regular smoker (SMK), controlling for sex and genetic principal components. All data were analyzed in the United States. PGSs were calculated for participants of the Minnesota Twin Family Study (n = 3225) using results from the largest GWAS of alcohol and nicotine consumption and problematic use to date.FindingsEach PGS was associated with trajectories of use for their respective substances [i.e. DPW (βmean = 0.08; βrange = 0.02–0.12) and PAU (βmean = 0.12; βrange = −0.02 to 0.31) for alcohol; CPD (βmean = 0.08; βrange = 0.04–0.14) and SMK (βmean = 0.18; βrange = 0.05–0.36) for nicotine]. The PAU and SMK PGSs also exhibited cross‐substance associations (i.e. PAU for nicotine‐specific intercepts and SMK for alcohol intercepts and slope). All identified SMK PGS effects remained as significant predictors of nicotine and alcohol trajectories (βmean = 0.15; βrange = 0.02–0.33), even after adjusting for the respective effects of all other PGSs.ConclusionsSubstance use‐related polygenic scores (PGSs) vary in the strength and generality versus specificity of their associations with substance use and problems over time. The regular smoking PGS appears to be a robust predictor of substance use trajectories and seems to measure both nicotine‐specific and non‐specific genetic liability for substance use, and potentially externalizing problems in general.
The International Cannabis Toolkit (iCannToolkit): a multidisciplinary expert consensus on minimum standards for measuring cannabis use
Authors: Lorenzetti Valentina , Hindocha Chandni , Petrilli Kat , Griffiths Paul , Brown Jamie , Castillo‐Carniglia Álvaro , Caulkins Jonathan P. , Englund Amir , ElSohly Mahmoud A. , Gage Suzanne H. , Groshkova Teodora , Gual Antoni , Hammond David , Lawn Will , López‐Pelayo Hugo , Manthey Jakob , Mokrysz Claire , Pacula Rosalie Liccardo , van Laar Margriet , Vandrey Ryan , Wadsworth Elle , Winstock Adam , Hall Wayne , Curran H. Valerie , Freeman Tom P. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe lack of an agreed international minimum approach to measuring cannabis use hinders the integration of multidisciplinary evidence on the psychosocial, neurocognitive, clinical and public health consequences of cannabis use.MethodsA group of 25 international expert cannabis researchers convened to discuss a multidisciplinary framework for minimum standards to measure cannabis use globally in diverse settings.ResultsThe expert‐based consensus agreed upon a three‐layered hierarchical framework. Each layer—universal measures, detailed self‐report and biological measures—reflected different research priorities and minimum standards, costs and ease of implementation. Additional work is needed to develop valid and precise assessments.ConclusionsConsistent use of the proposed framework across research, public health, clinical practice and medical settings would facilitate harmonisation of international evidence on cannabis consumption, related harms and approaches to their mitigation.
Spectrum of clinical applications of interlead ECG heterogeneity assessment: From myocardial ischemia detection to sudden cardiac death risk stratification
Authors: Verrier Richard L. , Nearing Bruce D. , D’Avila Andre 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHeterogeneity in depolarization and repolarization among regions of cardiac cells has long been recognized as a major factor in cardiac arrhythmogenesis. This fundamental principle has motivated development of noninvasive techniques for quantification of heterogeneity using the surface electrocardiogram (ECG). The initial approaches focused on interval analysis such as interlead QT dispersion and Tpeak–Tend difference. However, because of inherent difficulties in measuring the termination point of the T wave and commonly encountered irregularities in the apex of the T wave, additional techniques have been pursued. The newer methods incorporate assessment of the entire morphology of the T wave and in some cases of the R wave as well. This goal has been accomplished using a number of promising vectorial approaches with the resting 12‐lead ECG. An important limitation of vectorcardiographic analyses is that they require exquisite stability of the recordings and are not inherently suitable for use in exercise tolerance testing (ETT) and/or ambulatory ECG monitoring for provocative stress testing or evaluation of the influence of daily activities on cardiac electrical instability. The objectives of the present review are to describe a technique that has been under clinical evaluation for nearly a decade, termed “interlead ECG heterogeneity.” Preclinical testing data will be briefly reviewed. We will discuss the main clinical findings with regard to sudden cardiac death risk stratification, heart failure evaluation, and myocardial ischemia detection using standard recording platforms including resting 12‐lead ECG, ambulatory ECG monitoring, ETT, and pharmacologic stress testing in conjunction with single‐photon emission computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging.
Magic: A Theoretical Reassessment†
Authors: Winkelman Michael 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAnthropological theories about the techniques broadly labeled magic and related practices as sorcery, witchcraft, divination, and ritual curing are in need of reformulation. Theoretical considerations of these phenomena within anthropology have neglected to consider the basic assumptions of magical belief, instead departing from Western cultural assumptions that beliefs about magic are empirically untenable and that there can be no such cause‐and‐effect relations as they imply. An impetus to the reformulation of theories of magic comes from experimental parapsychology where laboratory research has produced empirical support for some of the phenomena claimed by magical traditions. Parapsychologists interpret their findings as evidence for extrasensory perception, or clairvoyance and telepathy, and for foreknowledge or precognition, as well as evidence for the ability of human consciousness to effect physical systems. They postulate a force called psi responsible for such phenomena, and reports from anthropologists suggest that some aspects of magical practice involve psi. Consequently, anthropologists should examine more systematically the idea that magic has a psi‐related aspect—that some magical practices facilitate or produce empirically verifiable effects outside of the currently understood cause‐and‐effect processes of nature. This article reviews the findings of laboratory studies of parapsychology and their correspondences with principles of magical practices and beliefs reported by anthropologists. Magical theories, principles and practices share certain of the conditions found through parapsychological research to be conducive to psi manifestations: altered states of consciousness, visualization, positive expectation, and belief. This suggest that the indigenous rationale for magical practices are related to psi rather than delusional thought processes.
Bezafibrate therapy in primary biliary cholangitis refractory to ursodeoxycholic acid: a longitudinal study of paired liver biopsies at 5 years of follow up
Authors: Sorda Juan Antonio , González Ballerga Esteban , Barreyro Fernando Javier , Avagnina Alejandra , Carballo Pilar , Paes de Lima Andrea , Daruich Jorge 
Published: September 2021

SummaryBackgroundUrsodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is the first‐line therapy for primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). However, nearly 40% of patients have an incomplete response to UDCA. The addition of bezafibrate has shown biochemical benefit in this group of patients.AimTo evaluate the long‐term effects of UDCA in combination with bezafibrate on histological outcomes in patients with UDCA‐refractory PBC.MethodsFifty‐nine patients refractory to UDCA were included. Clinical parameters were monitored and paired liver biopsy (PLB) was performed after 5 years of follow‐up.ResultsOf the total cohort, 49 subjects were analysed and 31 had PLB at 5 years. Values for serum ALP, AST, ALT and GGT significantly improved with UDCA‐bezafibrate. This beneficial effect was observed at 12 months where 86% achieved ALP at normal levels. Analyses of PLB showed a significant decrease in liver damage as reflected by Ludwig (baseline 2.29 ± 1.2, to 1.84 ± 1 at year 5, P = 0.0242) and Ishak (baseline 6.19 ± 2.2 to 4.77 ± 2.2 at year 5, P = 0.0008) scores. Overall, regression of fibrosis was attained in 48% of patients. Furthermore, we observed a significant reduction in the proportion with cirrhosis from 19% at baseline to 3% at 5 years (P < 0.001). These beneficial effects were associated with better predictive risk scores using the GLOBE and UK‐PBC prognosis models.ConclusionsAdding bezafibrate to UDCA in patients with UDCA‐refractory PBC showed a significant decrease in fibrosis and inflammatory histological scores at 5 years. These beneficial effects warrant further evaluation in long‐term cohort studies and controlled trials.
Testing the applicability of zircon U‐Pb dating as a provenance method in a highly altered river system, Mississippi‐Missouri River, USA
Authors: Gregory Brittney , Herrmann Achim D. , Ireland Thomas , Clift Peter D. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSediment transport through the Mississippi River affects the lives and economies of millions of people along its course, so that understanding the controls on this process is of scientific and societal importance. Detrital U‐Pb geochronology, supported by grain size and major element data, can be a robust tool for constraining sediment provenance in clastic sedimentary systems that has been applied to the Mississippi. However, sediment storage and reworking can complicate interpretation, and this can be further exacerbated by anthropogenic alteration via the construction of levees, dams, locks and river diversion projects. In this study, we date zircons from the modern Mississippi River and compare them to previously acquired data to illustrate the difference between samples taken from the same catchment in order to better understand the downstream propagation of the modern detrital zircon signal. The modern Mississippi River and tributary systems show distinct similarities and are comparable between studies when samples are not too far separated (<100 km). We estimate that the Arkansas River is more important than previously proposed, at least in terms of sand supply, supplying 7%–11% of the total load. The largest supplier of sediment to the Mississippi is the Missouri River (33%–43%), which derives much of its sediment from sedimentary rocks in the foredeep deposited during the Sevier and Laramide events. Anthropogenic alteration of the modern river system can be seen in the downstream propagation of a Red River cut‐off signal following construction of the “River Control Structure”, implying slow zircon transport rates (<2.8 km/year). Differences in the degree of recycling caused by sampling locations and low numbers of grains introduce significant uncertainties to mixing calculations.
circUSP34 accelerates osteosarcoma malignant progression by sponging miR‐16‐5p
Authors: Lou Jingbing , Zhang Hongliang , Xu Jiuhui , Ren Tingting , Huang Yi , Tang Xiaodong , Guo Wei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOsteosarcoma (OS) is a primary and highly malignant mesenchymal tissue tumor. The specific pathological mechanism underlying disease initiation or progression remains unclear. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a type of covalently circular RNA with a head‐to‐tail junction site. In this study, we aimed to investigate the sponging mechanism between circRNAs and microRNAs (miRNAs) in OS. Based on the inhibited effect of miR‐16‐5p reported on OS, circUSP34 was analyzed as a sponge of miR‐16‐5p via Starbase. We found that circUSP34 promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion of OS in vitro and in vivo. circUSP34 increased but miR‐16‐5p decreased in OS by qRT‐PCR. Function assays showed that the malignancy of OS cells, including proliferation, migration, and invasion, was inhibited after knocking out circUSP34. Western blotting results showed that the expression level of vimentin and Ki‐67 decreased. Similarly, miR‐16‐5p mimic compromised the proliferation, migration, and invasion of OS cells. FISH assay results indicated that circUSP34 and miR‐16‐5p were colocalized in the cytoplasm. The sponging mechanism of circUSP34 and miR‐16‐5p was verified by dual‐luciferase reporter assay, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), and RNA pull down assays. Interestingly, the miR‐16‐5p inhibitor partly reversed the inhibitory effect of sh‐circUSP34 on the malignancy of OS cells. Further, mice tumors for IHC indicated that vimentin, N‐cadherin, and Ki‐67 protein expression decreased, but E‐cadherin protein expression increased. Collectively, circUSP34 promoted OS malignancy, including proliferation, migration, and invasion, by sponging miR‐16‐5p. It can serve as a potential therapeutic target and biomarker.
A minireview of 1,2,3‐triazole hybrids with O‐heterocycles as leads in medicinal chemistry
Authors: Saroha Bhavna , Kumar Gourav , Kumar Ramesh , Kumari Meena , Kumar Suresh 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOver the past few decades, the dynamic progress in the synthesis and screening of heterocyclic compounds against various targets has made a significant contribution in the field of medicinal chemistry. Among the wide array of heterocyclic compounds, triazole moiety has attracted the attention of researchers owing to its vast therapeutic potential and easy preparation via copper and ruthenium‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition reactions. Triazole skeletons are found as major structural components in a different class of drugs possessing diverse pharmacological profiles including anti‐cancer, anti‐bacterial, anti‐fungal, anti‐viral, anti‐oxidant, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐diabetic, anti‐tubercular, and anti‐depressant among various others. Furthermore, in the past few years, a significantly large number of triazole hybrids were synthesized with various heterocyclic moieties in order to gain the added advantage of the improved pharmacological profile, overcoming the multiple drug resistance and reduced toxicity from molecular hybridization. Among these synthesized triazole hybrids, many compounds are available commercially and used for treating different infections/disorders like tazobactam and cefatrizine as potent anti‐bacterial agents while isavuconazole and ravuconazole as anti‐fungal activities to name a few. In this review, we will summarize the biological activities of various 1,2,3‐triazole hybrids with copious oxygen‐containing heterocycles as lead compounds in medicinal chemistry. This review will be very helpful for researchers working in the field of molecular modeling, drug design and development, and medicinal chemistry.
Ability‐grouping and problem behavior trajectories in childhood and adolescence: Results from a U.K. population‐based sample
Authors: Papachristou Efstathios , Flouri Eirini , Joshi Heather , Midouhas Emily , Lewis Glyn 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAbility‐grouping has been studied extensively in relation to children's academic, but not emotional and behavioral outcomes. The sample comprised 7259 U.K. children (50% male) with data on between‐class and within‐class ability‐grouping at age 7. Peer, emotional, hyperactivity, and conduct problems were measured at ages 7, 11, and 14 years. Children in low within‐class ability groups showed more hyperactivity and emotional problems across the study period compared to non‐grouped children, after adjustments for the different types of ability grouping and confounding. Additionally, children in the middle within‐class ability groups showed more, and those in the top within‐class groups less, hyperactivity compared to non‐grouped children, after adjustment. Children in lower within‐class groups should be monitored closely to ensure that their well‐being is not compromised.
A comparative retrospective study of different surgical guide designs for static computer‐assisted implant surgery in posterior single edentulous sites
Authors: De Souza Andre Barbisan , Kang Michael , Negreiros William Matthew , El‐Rafie Khaled , Finkelman Matthew , Papaspyridakos Panos 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimThe aim of this retrospective clinical study was to compare the accuracy of static Computer‐assisted implant surgery (sCAIS) in posterior single edentulous patients using different surgical guide designs.Materials and MethodsThirty‐seven partially edentulous patients with a total of 54 implants were included in the study. Seventeen implants were included in Group 1—Unbounded Tooth‐Mucosa Supported; 18 implants in Group 2—Unbounded Tooth Supported; and 19 implants in Group 3 (Control)—Bounded Tooth Supported. All partially edentulous patients were treated with fully guided implant surgery using the corresponding surgical guide. Discrepancies between the pre‐planned and post‐operative implant position were evaluated.ResultsThe mean angular deviation ± standard deviation (SD) was 2.91 ± 1.56°, 3.33 ± 1.72° and 2.25 ± 1.13° for Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The mean ± SD 3D offset at base was 0.66 ± 0.29 mm, 0.77 ± 0.24 mm, and 0.49 ± 0.22 mm; and 3D offset at tip was 0.84 ± 0.45 mm, 1.07 ± 0.38 mm, and 0.75 ± 0.25 mm for Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. No statistically significant differences between groups were found for angular deviation. There were statistically significant differences between Groups 2 and 3 for 3D offset at base (p = .002) and 3D offset at tip (p = .010).ConclusionsDifferent surgical guide designs for posterior single edentulous areas appear to be associated with the accuracy level of sCAIS. In unbounded sites, having additional posterior attached soft tissue support is preferable.
Changing legislative thinking in China to better protect wild animals and human health
Authors: Fang Guirong , Liu Hong , Wu Ka , Wei Tongqing , Wang Qing 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has exposed the inadequacy of China's legal protection of wildlife. Long‐standing illegal wildlife trade in China and worldwide increases the risk of zoonotic infectious diseases. We sought to improve the understanding of China’ legal system for the protection of wildlife, which has at its core the wildlife protection law, by systematically evaluating the laws and regulations of China's Wildlife Protection Framework. We examined how existing legal documents (e.g., the Wildlife Protection Law 2018) are directly or indirectly related to wildlife conservation. The inherent defects of wildlife protection legislation include a narrow scope of protection, insufficient public participation, and inconsistent enforcement among responsible agencies. Solutions to improve China's Wildlife Protection Law include expanding the legal protection of wildlife, and improving monitoring of wildlife protection. Strengthening legislation will be the basis for effective regulation of the use of wild animals. We advocate the establishment of a sound wildlife protection legal system for resolving conflicts between humans and wild animals and preventing zoonotic disease, such a system will have a profound impact on the sustainable development of China's wildlife resources.
AnIoTassisted clinical decision support system for wound healthcare monitoring
Authors: Sattar Hina , Bajwa Imran Sarwar , Shafi Umar Farooq 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe patients with surgical and nonsurgical skin wounds shall maintain regular check on wounds in order to assure in‐time wound healing. There are numerous measures need to verify during wound checking, that is, wound appearance (wound color and size), wound environment. The wound appearance could verify by a number of clinical techniques presented by researchers of wound care domain, however measurement of wound environment shall fulfill by verification of different environmental factors as wound environment is composition of different factors which collectively formed wound internal environment and external environment. In current research, we presented a framework based on clinical decision support system for measurement of wound environment both internal and external. This framework contains different working module, which shall collaborate in order to check wound environment. We elaborated structural and implementation sketch of all these modules. The presented framework based on Internet of Things and machine learning algorithms to collect and analyze data effectively.
CBX8 interacts with chromatin PTEN and is involved in regulating mitotic progression
Authors: Choi Byeong Hyeok , Colon Tania Marlyn , Lee Eunji , Kou Ziyue , Dai Wei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesBesides its role in regulating phosphatidylinositol‐3 kinase (PI3K) signalling in the cytosol, PTEN also has a nuclear function. In this study, we attempted to understand the mechanism of chromatin PTEN in suppressing chromosomal instability during cell division.Materials and methodsImmunocoprecipitation, ectopic expression, and deletional analyses were used to identify the physical interaction between Chromobox Homolog protein 8 (CBX8) and PTEN, as well as the functional domain(s) of PTEN mediating the interaction. Cell synchronization followed by immunoblotting was employed to study cell cycle regulation of CBX8 and the functional interaction between chromatin PTEN and CBX8. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) were used to study the role of PTEN and CBX8 in modulating histone epigenetic markers during the cell cycle.ResultsPolycomb group (PcG) proteins including CBXs function to repress gene expression in a wide range of organisms including mammals. We recently showed that PTEN interacted with CBX8, a component of Polycomb Repressing Complex 1 (PRC1), and that CBX8 co‐localized with PTEN in the nucleus. CBX8 levels were high, coinciding with its phosphorylation in mitosis. Phosphorylation of CBX8 was associated with monoubiquitinated PTEN and phosphorylated‐BubR1 on chromatin. Moreover, CBX8 played an important role in cell proliferation and mitotic progression. Significantly, downregulation of either PTEN or CBX8 induced H3K27Me3 epigenetic marker in mitotic cells.ConclusionCBX8 is a new component that physically interacts with chromatin PTEN, playing an important role in regulating mitotic progression.
Pigmented apocrine hamartoma: A distinct and uncommon pigmented lesion with dendritic melanocytes and appraisal of terminology
Authors: Kenny Bret , Zhao Yayuan , Banerjee Tamalina , Osmond Allison 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA 20‐year‐old female presented to a gynecologist with an irregular, darkly pigmented, vulvar lesion. Histopathologic sections of a biopsy specimen showed cystically dilated glands with apical snouts, pigmented secretion, and numerous dendritic melanocytes. The lesion was diagnosed as a pigmented apocrine hamartoma of the vulva. We report the fifth case of this uncommonly encountered entity and discuss the conflicting terminology in the literature of this rare, pigmented lesion.