Pregnant women’s hepatitis B vaccination coverage in Nigeria: a national pilot cross-sectional study
Authors: Eleje George Uchenna , Akaba Godwin Otuodichinma , Mbachu Ikechukwu Innocent , Rabiu Ayyuba , Loto Olabisi Morebise , Usman Hadiza Abdullahi , Fiebai Preye Owen , Chukwuanukwu Rebecca Chinyelu , Joe-Ikechebelu Ngozi Nneka , Nwankwo Chike Henry , Kalu Stephen Okoroafor , Onubogu Chinyere Ukamaka , Ogbuagu Chukwuanugo Nkemakonam , Chukwurah Shirley Nneka , Uzochukwu Chinwe Elizabeth , Inuyomi Samuel Oluwagbenga , Adesoji Bukola Abimbola , Ogwaluonye Uchenna Chukwunonso , Nweje Sussan Ifeyinwa , Egeonu Richard Obinwanne , Igue Odion Emmanuel , Jibuaku Chiamaka Henrietta , Aja Prince Ogbonnia , Chidozie Chiamaka Perpetua , Ibrahim Hadiza Sani , Aliyu Fatima Ele , Numan Aisha Ismaila , Okoro Ogbonna Dennis , Omoruyi Solace Amechi , Oppah Ijeoma Chioma , Anyang Ubong Inyang , Ahmed Aishat , Umeononihu Osita Samuel , Umeh Eric Okechukwu , Emeka Ekene Agatha , Onwuegbuna Arinze Anthony , Igbodike Emeka Philip , Ajuba Ifeoma Clara , Yakasai Ibrahim Adamu , Ezechi Oliver Chukwujekwu , Ikechebelu Joseph Ifeanyichukwu ,   Triplex Infection in Pregnancy Collaboration Group
Published: July 2021

Objective: To determine the hepatitis B vaccination coverage, full-dose (⩾3) coverage and the associated factors affecting uptake among pregnant women. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study among pregnant women attending antenatal care in six tertiary hospitals across all the geopolitical zones of Nigeria. Pregnant women who consented to the study completed screening questions about their hepatitis B vaccination status and coverage. The main outcome measures were hepatitis B vaccination coverage rate, dose, and factors affecting uptake. Bivariate analysis was performed by the chi-square test and conditional logistic regression analysis was used to determine variables associated with uptake of the vaccination. Odds ratios (ORs) and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) were calculated and statistical significance was accepted when p-value was < 0.05. Results: Of 159 pregnant women who completed the interview questions, 21 [13.2%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 7.9–18.5%] were vaccinated for hepatitis B for one to three doses. The numbers of doses received were: three doses (8/159, 5.0%), two doses (5/159, 3.1%), and one dose (8/159, 5.0%). The reasons for non-uptake of vaccination included: lack of awareness of the vaccine 83/138 (60.1%), inadequate access to vaccine 11/138 (8.0%), and positivity to hepatitis B virus 10/138 (7.2%). The uptake of hepatitis B vaccination was significantly affected by the level of education (OR 0.284, 95% CI 0.08–1.01, p = 0.041), but in multivariable logistic regression, adjusted for confounders, the association between hepatitis B vaccination and participants’ level of education (aOR 3.09; 95% CI 0.95–10.16; p = 0.061) did not remain significant. Conclusions: In Nigeria, the national hepatitis B vaccination coverage among pregnant women appears poor, with the full-dose coverage even poorer. The level of education was not positively associated with uptake of hepatitis B vaccination, while lack of awareness of the vaccine was the commonest reason for non-uptake. Funding: TETFund National Research Fund 2019 (grant number TETFund/DR&D/CE/NRF/STI/33).