bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
WELL-BEING: CONCEPTUAL AND MEDICAL CONSIDERATIONS
Authors: Lolas Fernando 
Published: July 2021

Objectives: To present a conceptual and medical perspective on studies on wellbeing
and its determinants.
Method: The notion of well-being as a transient state and as a stable trait is
considered conceptually.
Results and Discussion: This consideration uncovers several linguistic dimensions
relevant to well-being: subjectivity, multidimensionality, dynamism, contextdependency,
complexity. These are related to the notions of health and quality of
life, discussing the narrative dimensions of personal experience and the need to
consider the psychophysiological triad composed of behavior, mentation, and
physiology in the evaluation.
Conclusion: The humanistic dimension of well-being and its determinants should
be considered as a precondition for an attempt at a biopsychosocial/integrative
approach. The methodical approach represented by overt language behavior is
emphasized as important.
Virtual fencing as a wildlife-vehicle collision mitigation measure: technical function, wildlife response and considerations for installation in an urban environment
Authors: Reeves Julie , Burnett Scott , Brunton Elizabeth 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
Virtual wildlife fencing presents as a cost-effective measure for roadkill mitigation, which aids in reducing fragmentation of wildlife populations by facilitating safer movement of wildlife across the landscape. In this study, we conducted an audit of a virtual fence installation in south-east Queensland, Australia. We assessed its reliability in flows of traffic and the effect that installation parameters and site conditions had on its effective operation in an urban setting. We made observations on the behavioural response of Eastern Grey Kangaroos Macropus giganteus to the acoustic signals produced by the fence. We found that the fencing activated consistently in response to headlights at dusk and dawn, and when traffic flows were dense, despite considerable variations in the range of installation parameters. However, we identified that the response of the virtual fence to headlights was affected by road curvature and we identified inconsistencies in the timing and pattern of activation in response to traffic. Behavioural observations showed a significant increase in kangaroo vigilance in response to the acoustic signal of the fence when resting or grazing, and kangaroos detected the acoustic signal up to 50 m away. While virtual fencing operates effectively and is a low-cost roadkill mitigation option that can be applied to the urban environment, more research is needed to better understand the effect of its acoustic and visual signals on wildlife behaviour and efficacy in busy urban environments.
Quality Evaluation of Different African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Meat Pickles during Storage
Authors: Abdel-Mobdy H. E. , Abdel - Aal H. A. , Souzan S. L. , Nassar A. G. 
Published: July 2021

Fish pickles (made with tomato juice, vinegar, and lemon juice) were made from catfish (Clariasgariepinus) and their nutritional quality were evaluated. The quality of the vinegar pickle was excellent, and the quality of the lemon and tomato juice pickle was satisfactory. The moisture content of the pickle products ranged from 67.32 to 67.58% (Treatment 1 = with vinegar), 66.60 to 67.03% (Treatment 2= with tomato juice ), and 67.18 to 67.55 % (Treatment 3= with lemon juice) up to 90 day storage at ambient temperature. The protein and lipid contents of pickle with vinegar, tomato juice and lemon juice were ranged from (16.91-16.38 and 13.46-13.78), (18.01-17.68 and 13.46-13.85) and (16.72-16.43 and 13.62-13.97%), respectively; ash content in all sample pickling was ranged from (0.98 to 1.30%). The quality of catfish pickles stored at room temperature was found to be acceptable for consumption after 90 days.
Congenital Coagulation Factor XIII Deficiency Revealed by Convulsion: A Case Report
Authors: Mebrouk N. , Benouachane T. , Chtouki L. , Jabourik F. , Bentahila A. 
Published: July 2021

Factor XIII deficiency is a rare inherited disease, with a particularly high risk of intracerebral hemorrhage. We report the case of a newborn who was suspected to have a coagulation disorder at birth, due to an intracerebral hemorrhage. A quantitative dosage of factor XIII was requested but the usual coagulation tests (thromboplastin, thrombokinase, fibrinogen) were normal. Because of unavailability of specific treatment with factor XIII concentrate, the patient was treated with fresh frozen plasma. The initial dose was for normalizing factor XIII; subsequent monthly doses were designed for preventing the occurrence of serious bleeding.
Effect of Toluene on Male Reproductive Parameters in Wistar Rats
Authors: Obinna Victoria C. , Agu Gabriel O. 
Published: July 2021

Aim: The study assessed the effect of oral exposure of toluene on male reproductive parameters.
Methodology: Twenty rats (190±10g bwt) were randomly assigned to four groups (n=5). Group A (Control) was treated with olive oil (0.5ml), Group B received 31.8mg/kg, Group C received 63.6mg/kg and Group D received 127.2mg/kg. All administrations were by oral gavage for 21 days. Thereafter, the rats were anaesthetized and samples were taken as follows: Blood was used for testosterone assay, caudal epididymides was taken to analyze for sperm count and sperm cell char­acteristics while testes was weighed and prepared for histomorphology.
Results: No significant difference in the relative testicular weights, epididymal sperm count, sperm viability, motility and morphology relative to control. Marked reduction (p = 0.001; group C & p = 0.018; group D) in testosterone level occurred in Groups C and D rats treated with 63.6mg/kg and 127.2mg/kg doses of toluene respectively. No anomaly in histoarchitecture of the testes in all the treated rats in comparison with control.
Conclusion: Exposure to toluene by oral route may be noxious to male reproductive functions due to the reduction in testosterone level at higher doses.
Bridging the Gap Between Symptom Onset and Diagnosis in Axial Spondyloarthritis
Authors: Passalent Laura , Sundararajan Kala , Perruccio Anthony V. , Hawke Christopher , Coyte Peter C. , Bombardier Claire , Bloom Jeff A. , Haroon Nigil , Inman Robert D. , Rampersaud Y. Raja 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveTo evaluate a stratified screening process for the early identification of axial spondyloarthritis (SpA) with consideration of the following: 1) wait times from primary care to rheumatology screen, 2) incremental precision and accuracy from primary care to rheumatology screening, and 3) diagnostic delay.MethodsAdults with low back pain attending primary care at low back pain clinics prospectively underwent a primary standardized clinical screening. Patients with low back pain of >3 months who experienced symptom onset at age <50 years were referred for a comprehensive secondary screening by a physical therapist with advanced rheumatology training. At secondary screening, patients with features of inflammation were classified as being at a low, medium, or high risk for axial SpA versus no risk for axial SpA. Precision and accuracy of this screening strata were measured against a rheumatologist with expertise in axial SpA.ResultsOverall, 405 patients underwent primary and secondary screening in the present study. The study cohort had a mean ± SD age of 36.9 ± 9.9 years, and 55% were women. HLA–B27 was present in 14.4% of patients. Median wait time from primary screening to secondary screening was 15 days. Axial SpA risk assignment by rheumatologist was 64.9% for no risk or low risk for axial SpA and 35.1% for medium risk or high risk for axial SpA. The best combination of sensitivity (68%), specificity (90%), positive predictive values (80%), and negative predictive values (84%) was evident in the secondary screening. In this cohort, 15.6% of patients received a final diagnosis of axial SpA. Median low back pain duration from symptom onset to diagnosis was 2 years for nonradiographic axial SpA and 7 years for ankylosing spondylitis.ConclusionA stratified interprofessional screening process can facilitate rapid diagnosis of persistent low back pain with high precision and accuracy in patients who have axial SpA.
Controlled Chemical Functionalization toward 3D‐2D Carbon Nanohorn‐MoS2 Heterostructures with Enhanced Electrocatalytic Activity for Protons Reduction
Authors: Kagkoura Antonia , Arenal Raul , Tagmatarchis Nikos 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe realization of novel heterostructures arising from the combination of nanomaterials is an effective way to modify their physicochemical and electrocatalytic properties, giving them enhanced characteristics stemming from their individual constituents. Interfacing carbon nanohorns (CNHs) possessing high porosity, large specific surface area, and good electrical conductivity, with MoS2 owning multiple electrocatalytic active sites but lacking significant conductivity, robust interactions, and effective structure, can be a strategy to boost the electrocatalytic reduction of protons to molecular hydrogen. Herein, in a stepwise approach, complementary functional groups are covalently introduced at the conical tips and sidewalls of CNHs, along with the basal plane of MoS2, en route the construction of 3D‐2D CNH‐MoS2 heterostructures. The increased MoS2 loading onto CNHs, improving and facilitating charge delocalization and transfer in neighboring CNHs, along with the plethora of active sites, results in excellent electrocatalytic activity for protons reduction, same as that of commercial Pt/C. Minute overpotential is registered, low Tafel slope and small charge‐transfer resistance for electrocatalyzing the evolution of hydrogen from the newly prepared heterostructure of 0.029 V, 71 mV dec−1, and 34.5 Ω, respectively. Furthermore, the stability of the 3D‐2D CNH‐MoS2 heterostructure is validated after performing 10 000 ongoing electrocatalytic cycles.
Silicon‐Photonics Point Sensor for High‐Resolution Optoacoustic Imaging
Authors: Shnaiderman Rami , Mustafa Qutaiba , Ülgen Okan , Wissmeyer Georg , Estrada Héctor , Razansky Daniel , Chmyrov Andriy , Ntziachristos Vasilis 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe recent development of ultrasound sensing using the silicon‐photonics platform has enabled super‐resolution optoacoustic imaging not possible by piezoelectric technology or polymeric optical microresonators. The silicon waveguide etalon detector (SWED) design exploits the sub‐micrometer light confinement in the cross‐section of a silicon strip waveguide to achieve a sensor aperture which is 13‐fold to 30‐fold smaller than the cutoff wavelength of the sensor. While its performance in near‐field scanning optoacoustic imaging has been previously studied, the operational characteristics of this sensor as it relates to conventional optoacoustic imaging applications are not known. Here, for the first time, the application of the SWED in optoacoustic mesoscopy is investigated, the interaction of the sensor with ultrasound in the far‐field is characterized, the acoustic point spread function up to a depth of 10 mm is measured, and 3D vasculature‐mimicking phantoms are imaged. The measured point spread function of the sensor shows that surface acoustic waves can degrade the lateral resolution. Nevertheless, superior resolution is demonstrated over any state‐of‐the‐art ultrasound sensor, over the whole range of imaging depths that are of interest to optoacoustic mesoscopy. Silicon photonics is proposed as a powerful and promising new platform for ultrasonics and optoacoustics.
Designing Photochromic Materials with Large Luminescence Modulation and Strong Photochromic Efficiency for Dual‐Mode Rewritable Optical Storage
Authors: Yang Zetian , Du Jiaren , Martin Lisa I. D. J. , Feng Ang , Cosaert Ewoud , Zhao Bo , Liu Wanlu , Van Deun Rik , Vrielinck Henk , Poelman Dirk 
Published: July 2021

AbstractInorganic materials combining photochromism and luminescence modulation characteristics have great potential in dual‐mode rewritable optical storage due to their unique optical features and excellent thermal stability. However, the failure of achieving a large luminescence modulation and a strong photochromic efficiency in photostimulated inorganic photochromic materials limits their applications. Herein, a new strategy for realizing an overlap between the photochromic absorption peak and the photoluminescent emission/excitation peak is proposed for designing high‐performance photochromic materials. The obtained BaMgSiO4: M (M = Ce3+, Mn2+, or Nd3+) ceramics exhibit a reversible white‐pink color change upon alternate 310 nm and 590 nm illumination (or thermal stimulus) accompanied by a high photochromic efficiency (>50%). Benefiting from a perfectly matched photochromic absorption peak and Mn2+ emission peak, a record luminescence modulation of 96.3% with excellent fatigue resistance is obtained in BaMgSiO4: Mn2+ ceramics. These properties are superior to all photochromic materials reported to date, demonstrating great potential in optical information storage applications. The trap‐related photochromic and regulated luminescence behavior is investigated together with a prototype of a dual‐mode information display. This work is expected to promote the practical application of photochromic materials in various optical devices and provides an effective strategy to develop other photochromic materials.
3D Printing of Multilayered and Multimaterial Electronics: A Review
Authors: Goh Guo Liang , Zhang Haining , Chong Tzyy Haur , Yeong Wai Yee 
Published: July 2021

Abstract3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing, is a manufacturing process in which the materials are deposited layer by layer in an additive manner. With the advancement in materials and manufacturing technology, 3D printing has found its applications in the field of electronics manufacturing. Initially, 3D printing is used for the fabrication of electronic components with single material designs such as resistors, inductors, circuits, antennas, strain gauges, etc. Recently, there are many works involving the use of 3D printing fabrication techniques for advanced electronic components and devices such as parallel plate capacitors, inductors, organic light‐emitting diodes, photovoltaics, transistors, displays, etc. which involve multilayer multimaterial printing. Despite these many works, there has been no review on the design and fabrication consideration for the 3D printing of multilayered and multimaterial (MLMM) electronics. As such, this review aims to summarize the current landscape of 3D printing of MLMM electronics and provide some insights on the design consideration, fabrication strategies, and challenges of 3D printing of MLMM electronics. In particular, the focus will be placed on discussing the interface conditions between different materials such as surface wettability, surface roughness, material compatibility, and the considerations for postprocessing treatments.
Efficient Inhibition of SARS‐CoV‐2 Using Chimeric Antisense Oligonucleotides through RNase L Activation**
Authors: Su Xiaoxuan , Ma Wenxiao , Feng Di , Cheng Boyang , Wang Qian , Guo Zefeng , Zhou Demin , Tang Xinjing 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThere is an urgent need to develop antiviral drugs and alleviate the current COVID‐19 pandemic. Herein we report the design and construction of chimeric oligonucleotides comprising a 2′‐OMe‐modified antisense oligonucleotide and a 5′‐phosphorylated 2′‐5′ poly(A)4 (4A2‐5) to degrade envelope and spike RNAs of SARS‐CoV‐2. The oligonucleotide was used for searching and recognizing target viral RNA sequence, and the conjugated 4A2‐5 was used for guided RNase L activation to sequence‐specifically degrade viral RNAs. Since RNase L can potently cleave single‐stranded RNA during innate antiviral response, degradation efficiencies with these chimeras were twice as much as those with only antisense oligonucleotides for both SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA targets. In pseudovirus infection models, chimera‐S4 achieved potent and broad‐spectrum inhibition of SARS‐CoV‐2 and its N501Y and/or ΔH69/ΔV70 mutants, indicating a promising antiviral agent based on the nucleic acid‐hydrolysis targeting chimera (NATAC) strategy.
Standardisierung und Kontrolle von Grignard‐Reaktionen mittels Online‐NMR in einer universellen chemischen Syntheseplattform
Authors: Bornemann‐Pfeiffer Martin , Wolf Jakob , Meyer Klas , Kern Simon , Angelone Davide , Leonov Artem , Cronin Leroy , Emmerling Franziska 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEin Problem der chemischen Literatur ist die fehlende Standardisierung bezüglich genauer Bedingungen, auch Echtzeit‐Korrekturen sind ohne Expertenwissen nur schwer möglich. Dieser Mangel an Details erschwert experimentelle Reproduzierbarkeit, da Schritte oft mehrdeutig sind und daher von implizitem Wissen abhängen. Hier präsentieren wir die Integration von Online‐NMR Spektroskopie in eine automatisierte chemische Syntheseplattform (CSM aka. “Chemputer”, unter Verwendung einer universellen Programmiersprache zur Synthese kleiner Moleküle fähig), um eine automatisierte Analyse und Anpassung von Reaktionen im laufenden Betrieb zu ermöglichen. Das System wurde anhand von Grignard‐Reaktionen, die aufgrund ihrer Bedeutung für die Synthese ausgewählt wurden, validiert und einem Härtetest unterzogen. Synthesen wurden in Echtzeit mit Online‐NMR überwacht, und die Spektren wurden während der Reaktionen kontinuierlich aufgenommen und analysiert. Dies zeigt, dass der Chemputer dynamisch mittels einer Regelung kontrolliert werden kann, um die Reaktionsbedingungen entsprechend den Anforderungen des Benutzers zu optimieren.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Decarboxylative Addition of β‐Keto Acids to Heteroatom‐Substituted Allenes
Authors: Jang Dong‐Jin , Lee Sukhyun , Lee Juyeol , Moon Dohyun , Rhee Young Ho 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe Pd‐catalyzed asymmetric addition reaction of β‐keto acids to heteroatom‐substituted allene is reported. This reaction generates β‐substituted ketones in an asymmetric manner through a branch‐selective decarboxylative allylation pathway. The reaction accommodates various alkoxyallenes as well as amidoallenes.
Carbon fiber/epoxy vitrimer composite patch cured with bio‐based curing agents for one‐step repair metallic sheet and its recyclability
Authors: Lorwanishpaisarn Narubeth , Kasemsiri Pornnapa , Srikhao Natwat , Son Changhee , Kim Seok , Theerakulpisut Somnuk , Chindaprasirt Prinya 
Published: July 2021

AbstractVitrimers have gained a great deal of attention from researchers, yet research on its application is still lacking. This study, a novel bio‐based vitrimer was developed from epoxy (EP) and bio‐based curing agents, that is, cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) and citric acid (CA), and then reinforced by carbon fiber. The vitrimers with different ratios of acid to epoxy (R ratio) at 0.30–0.40 contained ester and ether linkages. All EP/CA/CNSL vitrimers showed the stress relaxation over 70–100°C due to transesterification. The vitrimers were applied as polymer matrices for the carbon fiber composites and then used as repair patches. By using the carbon fiber‐reinforced vitrimer with the R ratio of 0.30, patch repair on a damaged alloy sheet revealed that approximately 98% of the tensile strength of the damaged alloy sheet was recovered. The vitrimer can be dissolved from carbon fiber composite to recover carbon fiber. The recovered carbon fiber retained good tensile strength compared to the pristine composite. Based on this study, the EP/CA/CNSL vitrimers showed the comparable thermomechanical properties with the epoxy vitrimer cured by the petroleum‐based curing agent. The vitrimer composite patch could therefore be an alternative new repair method to extend the service life of damaged structures.
High‐flux and solvent‐selective membranes with aromatic functionalities and dual‐layer structures
Authors: Hao Lan , Cui Xulin , Wu Xiaoli , Wang Jingtao , Li Yifan , Li Wenpeng , Cao Xingzhong , Zhang Haoqin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEfficient separation of aromatic‐aliphatic hydrocarbon mixtures has long been an important topic in chemical industries. Organic nanofiltration (OSN) has been revealing great promise in separating solvent mixtures that has not been effectively resolved by the state‐of‐the‐art technologies. Herein, novel OSN membranes are designed for the separation of toluene and n‐heptane. Polyamide active layer with diaminonaphthalene as the aqueous phase monomer is prepared by interfacial polymerization for the first time. The addition of polydimethylsiloxane gutter layer, as well as the combination of spin coating technique and macroporous substrate, renders the membranes with loose and defect‐free architectures. The as‐designed membranes achieve a rather high selectivity of toluene over n‐heptane (>4) together with ultra‐high toluene permeance (>180 L m−2 h−1 bar−1). These membranes also present excellent stability in the long‐term operation.
Defective Early B Cell Tolerance Checkpoints in Patients With Systemic Sclerosis Allow the Production of Self Antigen–Specific Clones
Authors: Glauzy Salome , Olson Brennan , May Christopher K. , Parisi Daniele , Massad Christopher , Hansen James E. , Ryu Changwan , Herzog Erica L. , Meffre Eric 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveEarly selection steps preventing autoreactive naive B cell production are often impaired in patients with autoimmune diseases, but central and peripheral B cell tolerance checkpoints have not been assessed in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). This study was undertaken to characterize early B cell tolerance checkpoints in patients with SSc.MethodsUsing an in vitro polymerase chain reaction–based approach that allows the expression of recombinant antibodies cloned from single B cells, we tested the reactivity of antibodies expressed by 212 CD19+CD21lowCD10+IgMhighCD27− new emigrant/transitional B cells and 190 CD19+CD21+CD10−IgM+CD27− mature naive B cells from 10 patients with SSc.ResultsCompared to serum from healthy donors, serum from patients with SSc displayed elevated proportions of polyreactive and antinuclear‐reactive new emigrant/transitional B cells that recognize topoisomerase I, suggesting that defective central B cell tolerance contributes to the production of serum autoantibodies characteristic of the disease. Frequencies of autoreactive mature naive B cells were also significantly increased in SSc patients compared to healthy donors, thus indicating that a peripheral B cell tolerance checkpoint may be impaired in SSc.ConclusionDefective counterselection of developing autoreactive naive B cells in SSc leads to the production of self antigen–specific B cells that may secrete autoantibodies and allow the formation of immune complexes, which promote fibrosis in SSc.
Expansion of Photostable Luminescent Radicals by Meta‐Substitution
Authors: Hattori Yohei , Tsubaki Shunsuke , Matsuoka Ryota , Kusamoto Tetsuro , Nishihara Hiroshi , Uchida Kingo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPolychlorinated pyridyldiphenylmethyl radicals having substituents meta to the position bearing the carbon‐centered radical (α‐carbon) are synthesized. All of them are stable in ambient conditions in solutions and fluorescent in cyclohexane. The fluorescence of the radicals with bromo, phenyl, 4‐chlorophenyl, or 2‐pyridyl substituents are enhanced in chloroform, while the emission of the radicals with 2‐thienyl or 2‐furyl substituents are quenched in chloroform. DFT and TD‐DFT calculations indicate that the first doublet excited states of the former are locally excited, while the first doublet excited states of the latter are charge transfer states from the π‐electron‐donating substituent to the accepting radical. The latter also show much higher photostability under 370‐nm light irradiation compared with the first reported photostable fluorescent radical, (3,5‐dichloro‐4‐pyridyl)bis(2,4,6‐trichlorophenyl)methyl radical (PyBTM), with pronounced bathochromic shifts of the fluorescence.