bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review on Transferosomes and Transferosomal Gels
Authors: Kumar P. Kranthi , Kumar R. Santosh 
Published: September 2021

Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS), which are self-administrable and non-invasive, can improve bioavailability and patient compliance by bypassing first-pass metabolism. Vesicular-based TDDS have attracted a lot of attention in recent years because they're designed for controlled, efficient, and targeted drug delivery. One of these delivery technologies, transferosomal-based formulations, has grown in popularity due to its ability to achieve all of the desired criteria and quality qualities. Transferosomes combine the characteristics of liposomes and niosomes because they contain both liposomes (phospholipids and cholesterols) and niosomes as components (nonionic surfactants; edge activators). as a result, they are referred to as the first generation of elastic liposomes. However transdermal drug delivery is difficult due to the presence of the skin's protective barrier, transferosomal drug delivery overcomes all obstacles due to its unique characteristics, such as its ultradeformable vesicular nature. The benefits, limitations, modes of penetration, formulations, production and assessment methodologies, and pharmaceutical uses of transferosomal drug delivery systems are discussed in this paper.
Conclusion: Transferosomes have several importance over other vesicular systems, including greater deformability, greater penetration power across skin, the ability to deliver systemic drugs, and higher stability.
Autoimmune brainstem encephalitis: Clinical associations, outcomes, and proposed diagnostic criteria
Authors: Gilligan Michael , Thakolwiboon Smathorn , Orozco Emma , Banks Samantha , Flanagan Eoin P. , Lopez‐Chiriboga Sebastian , Tillema Jan‐Mendelt , Mills John R. , Pittock Sean J. , Valencia Sanchez Cristina , Zekeridou Anastasia , Dubey Divyanshu , McKeon Andrew 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectiveWe describe neurologic phenotype, clinical associations, and outcomes in autoimmune brainstem encephalitis.MethodsMedical records of neural‐IgG positive autoimmune brainstem encephalitis patients diagnosed at Mayo Clinic (January 1, 2006–December 31, 2022) were reviewed.ResultsNinety‐eight patients (57 male) were included. Median age of symptom onset was 51 years (range, 8 months‐85 years). Frequent presenting features were ≥1: diplopia (80%), ataxia (78%), dysarthria (68%), vestibulocochlear symptoms (67%), dysphagia (61%), nausea/vomiting (42%), and facial weakness (32%). Altered mental status (11%) was uncommon. Neural antibodies detected were as follows: KLHL‐11 (26 patients), GAD65 (high titer, 12), ANNA‐1 (anti‐Hu, 8), ANNA‐2 (anti‐Ri, 8), Ma2 (7), IgLON‐5 (6), AQP4 (6), MOG (4), glycine receptor (4), GQ1B (4), PCA‐1 (anti‐Yo, 4), DPPX (2), neurochondrin (2), neurofilament (2), NMDA‐R (2), AGNA‐1 (SOX‐1, 1), ANNA‐3 (DACH1, 1), amphiphysin (1), CRMP‐5 (1), ITPR‐1 (1), PCA‐Tr (DNER, 1), and PDE10A (1). Cancer was identified in 55 patients: germ cell (23 patients; 3 extra‐testicular), ductal breast adenocarcinoma (8), small cell carcinoma (6, lung 4), adenocarcinomas (6), neuroendocrine carcinoma (3), hematologic (2), squamous cell (2), and other (7). Median modified Ranking score (mRS) at last follow‐up was 3 (range, 0–6). Factors associated with poor outcome included abnormal brain MRI, bulbar symptoms, and elevated CSF IgG index. Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed faster progression to wheelchair in patients who were immunotherapy refractory and with elevated CSF IgG index. Diagnostic criteria for autoimmune brainstem encephalitis (definite and probable) are proposed.InterpretationAutoimmune brainstem encephalitis is a distinct clinical subphenotype of autoimmune encephalitis. Abnormal brain MRI, bulbar symptoms, and elevated CSF‐IgG index associate with poor outcome.
Alpha‐synuclein RT‐QuIC assay in gastroduodenal and skin biopsies of Parkinson disease patients
Authors: Emmi Aron , Mammana Angela , Sandre Michele , Baiardi Simone , Weis Luca , Rossi Marcello , Magliocchetti Franco , Savarino Edoardo , Russo Francesco Paolo , Porzionato Andrea , Carecchio Miryam , Campagnolo Marta , Antonini Angelo , Parchi Piero 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn this study, we compared the value of pathological alpha‐synuclein (αSyn) seed amplification assay (SAA) in gastric and duodenal biopsies with skin biopsies in Parkinson disease (PD) patients with different disease duration. The accuracy of αSyn SAA was 87.7% in skin, 67.4% in duodenum, and 80.0% in gastric biopsies, with significantly higher sensitivity in advanced PD (skin: 81.8%; gastric: 88.9%; duodenal 58.8%). Misfolded αSyn was detected with higher sensitivity in advanced PD across all matrices, likely reflecting the progression of αSyn pathology. The seeding activity was lower in the duodenal than in the gastric wall, indicating differences in αSyn burden.
Progressive brain atrophy and cortical reorganization related to surgery in temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Li Wei , Qin Yingjie , Li Xiuli , Zhang Heng , Gong Qiyong , Zhou Dong , An Dongmei 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectiveEpilepsy is associated with progressive cortical atrophy exceeding normal aging. We aimed to explore longitudinal cortical alterations in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and distinct surgery outcomes.MethodsWe obtained longitudinal T1‐weighted MRI data in a well‐designed cohort, including 53 operative TLE patients, 23 nonoperative TLE patients, and 23 healthy controls. According to seizure outcomes at 24 months after surgery, operative patients were divided into seizure‐free (SF) and nonseizure‐free (NSF) group. Operative patients were scanned before and after surgery, while nonoperative patients and healthy controls were rescanned with similar interval times. We measured gray matter volume (GMV) in all participants and compared longitudinal cortical alterations among groups.ResultsIn nonoperative group, statistically significant GMV decrease was observed in ipsilateral median cingulate and paracingulate gyri and cerebellum crus I when compared with healthy controls. In operative group, postoperative GMV increase was discovered in many regions involving bilateral hemispheres, especially in the frontal lobe, without differences between SF and NSF group. Postoperative GMV decrease was found in ipsilateral inferior frontal gyrus, putamen, thalamus, and insula. GMV decrease in ipsilateral inferior frontal gyrus, putamen, and insula was more significant in SF group.InterpretationProgressive cortical atrophy existed in nonoperative TLE patients. Cortical remodeling indicated by postoperative GMV increase may arise mostly from the surgery itself, rather than postsurgical seizure outcomes. More significant GMV decrease in ipsilateral inferior frontal gyrus, putamen, and insula may imply their closer connections with resected regions in seizure‐free patients.
Achieving Medication‐Free Remission in Patients With Juvenile Dermatomyositis
Authors: Maccora Ilaria , Brunner Hermine I. , Cassedy Amy , Altaye Mekibib , Quinlan‐Waters Megan , Lovell Daniel J. , Grom Alexei , Angeles‐Han Sheila T. 
Published: December 2024

ObjectivePrognostic factors associated with medication discontinuation in children with juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) remain largely elusive. We aim to identify the predictors of medication‐free remission (MFR) in children with JDM.MethodsIn this retrospective study, patients diagnosed with JDM according to Peter & Bohan criteria and followed for ≥18 months at a tertiary care center from 2006 through 2022 were included. Data extracted included demographics, physical examination, laboratory results, and medications. MFR was defined as inactive JDM after discontinuation of all systemic immunosuppressives for ≥6 months, in line with international consensus guidelines for trials of therapies in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. A two‐sided P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsOf 55 patients with JDM (63.6% female, age median [interquartile range (IQR)] 6 [3.5–12] years), 29 (52.7%) achieved MFR after a median (IQR) of 33 (22.5–55.2) months. MFR was more common in those who were younger at JDM diagnosis (median 5 vs 8 years, P = 0.008), had early resolution of disease activity (median 11 vs 18 months, P < 0.001), and presented with Gottron papules (χ2 = 5.25; P = 0.022) and elevated lactate dehydrogenase (χ2 = 4.82, P = 0.028). Diagnosis of JDM before 5 years old (odds ratio 4.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2–16.7) was the only predictor of MFR in our multivariate model (area under the curve 0.65, 95% CI 0.53–0.76).ConclusionHalf of our patients with JDM achieved MFR. Age at JDM diagnosis may be an important predictor of achieving MFR.
Laser‐Direct‐Writing Reversible Aligned Wrinkling on Arbitrary Films Assisted by a Detachable Assembly Strategy
Authors: Wang Xi , Hu Keshuai , Wang Juanjuan , Han Xue , Li Xiaopeng , Xu Fan , Cao Yanping , Lu Conghua 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDynamic oriented wrinkling especially on arbitrary film materials is highly desirable yet remains a great challenge. Here, fabrication of programmable aligned wrinkling patterns on different film/substrate systems via a laser‐direct‐writing (LDW) method is reported, regardless of photofunctionality and transparence of the target films. The key is related to smart introduction of photothermal materials (PTMs) into compliant substrates and even as an independent attachable/detachable layer assembled underneath the film/substrate systems. Experiments and theoretical modeling reveal that with the help of the photothermal effect of PTMs, in situ LDW‐induced localized dynamic anisotropic stress field is responsible for the intriguing LDW path‐parallel aligned wrinkling. Furthermore, dimensional analysis is carried out and explicit solutions quantifying the connection of wrinkling morphology parameters with the LDW conditions are derived for the first time, which enables theoretical pattern designing. It is highlighted that the attachable/detachable assembly strategy for the independent PTMs layer endows arbitrary film/substrate systems with on‐demand photosensitivity when needed, which has been inaccessible previously. As demonstrated, these dynamic oriented wrinkling systems have found broad applications especially in smart soft photonics, e.g., information storage, anticounterfeiting, and responsive optical devices.
Low‐Frequency Phonon Dispersion Relation Enabling Stable Cathode from Spent Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Jia Kai , He Yujia , Piao Zhihong , Cao Zhenjiang , Zhang Mengtian , Zhu Yanfei , Li Long , Liang Zheng , Kumar R. Vasant , Zhou Guangmin , Ding Shujiang , Xi Kai 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDirect recycling technology can effectively solve the environmental pollution and resource waste problems caused by spent lithium‐ion batteries. However, the repaired LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 (NCM) black mass by direct recycling technology shows an unsatisfactory cycle life, which is attributed to the formation of spinel/rock salt phases and rotational stacking faults caused by the in‐plane and out‐of‐plane migration of transition metal (TM) atoms during charge/discharge. Herein, local lattice stress is introduced into the regenerated cathode during repair. The resulting stress gradient leads to the localization of the phonon mode and changes the phonon dispersion relation of materials, lowers the bending and stretching vibration frequencies of the TM─O covalent bond in cathode materials, and inhibits the TM atoms migration and the formation of defect structures. Beneficial from the favorable low‐frequency phonon dispersion relation, the regenerated NCM represents remarkably enhanced structural stability during cycling, and exhibits good electrochemical performance. This reconstructed phonon dispersion relation approach broadens the perspective for lattice stress field engineering to suppress the defective structure raised from TM migration and paves the way for the development of regenerated cathodes with long durability.
Design Guidelines for Luminescent Solar Concentrator Greenhouses in the United States
Authors: Loh Kristine Q. , Harbick Kale , Eylands Nathan J. , Kortshagen Uwe R. , Ferry Vivian E. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAgrivoltaic greenhouses combine controlled environment agriculture and photovoltaics in one plot of land to simultaneously address the global challenges of renewable energy and sustainable food production. Luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) benefit these systems by providing additional design flexibility, tuning light transmission for plant growth while generating electricity. Herein, design guidelines for LSCs in agrivoltaic greenhouses are determined given the two competing priorities of light utilization, crop yield and energy generation. Using a comprehensive model, the impact of LSC design choices on the greenhouse environment, energy generation, crop yield, and economic value in 48 locations across the United States is evaluated. It is shown that the solar cell coverage ratio and the greenhouse's heating demands determine the energy offset provided by the LSC. For improving crop yield, luminophore selection should maximize transmitted red light. The sensitivity of the economic value to crop yield, thus dictating luminophore selection for optimizing plant growth, is demonstrated. LSC greenhouses are as profitable as conventional greenhouses generally for states below 40 °N. Future improvements to LSC manufacturing may allow previously unprofitable LSC greenhouses to become economically viable in northern states. This work showcases the broad design space and strong potential for LSCs in agrivoltaics.
Photocatalytic Partial Water Oxidation Promoted by a Hydrogen Acceptor‐Hydroxyl Mediator Couple
Authors: Mai Yuanqiang , Zhang Dongsheng , Maliutina Kristina , Leng Xueyang , Cai Nengjun , Li Jialu , Wang Chao , Huang Yu , Zhang Kai , Zhang Wujun , Li Yongwang , Besenbacher Flemming , Niemantsverdriet Hans , Liang Wenting , Shen Yanbin , Lim Tingbin , Richards Emma , Su Ren 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an important chemical in synthetic chemistry with huge demands. Photocatalytic synthesis of H2O2 via oxygen reduction and water oxidation reactions (ORR and WOR) is considered as a promising and desirable solution for on‐site applications. However, the efficiency of such a process is low due to the poor solubility of molecular oxygen and the rapid reverse reaction of hydroxyl radicals (•OH) with hydrogen atoms (H). Here, a strategy is proposed to boost the H2O2 evolution via oxidation of water by employing a H acceptor (A, nitrocyclohexane), an •OH mediator (M, dioxane), and a photocatalyst (CdS nanosheets). While •OH radicals are stabilized by dioxane to produce ketyl radicals prior to the formation of H2O2, H atoms are effectively utilized in the generation of cyclohexanone oxime, an important intermediate in the production of Nylon 6. The system displays a rapid kinetic accumulation of H2O2 (0.13 min−1) to a high concentration (6.6 mM). At optimum reaction conditions, a high quantum efficiency (16.6%) and light‐to‐chemical conversion efficiency (4.9%) can be achieved under 410 nm irradiation.
Kinetics Dominated, Interface Targeted Rapid Heating for Battery Material Rejuvenation
Authors: Zhang Hao , Song Yaduo , Zhao Jiale , Cheng Zhiheng , Guo Jinming , Cao Minglei , Yu Haijun , Wang Hao , Qie Long , Yuan Lixia , Yao Yonggang , Huang Yunhui 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe ambitious pursuit of carbon neutrality underscores the pressing demand for closed‐loop recycling of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), amid escalating production and disposal challenges. Direct battery material recycling, emphasizing the rejuvenation of degraded materials, stands out as an environmentally benign alternative to conventional pyro‐ and hydro‐metallurgical processes that are intrinsically destructive. In addition, given the surface, interface, and interphase as the major failure mechanisms in degraded materials, rapid heating technology (RHT) emerges as a promising direct recycling method, harnessing its distinctive kinetics and thermodynamics to trigger highly time‐ and energy‐efficient, precisely defect‐ and interface‐targeted approach to revitalize degraded materials. This review summarizes recent advancements in RHT‐based LIB recycling strategies, focusing on active materials recovery, efficient regeneration, and reutilization, with emphasis on expedited kinetics and locally confined chemical reactions at interfaces. It also outlines the perspectives and future directions by emphasizing the need for re‐manufactured materials to meet increasing application demands. This comprehensive review aims to guide the recycling and upcycling of spent LIBs toward a green and sustainable battery economy.
Economic Feasibility of Crop‐Livestock Integration System in Brazil
Authors: Calil Yuri C. D. , Ribera Luis 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTWe investigate the economic feasibility of the Brazilian crop‐livestock integration system. Under this system, the Brazilian farmer can produce soybeans, corn, and graze for cattle on the same land during one crop year. This technology can substantially increase agricultural production in the country. We contrasted the stochastic net present value of traditional farming with the integrated system under four different scenarios. To rank the scenarios, we use stochastic dominance methods. The results suggest more significant economic gains for crop‐livestock integration scenarios.
Digital transformation of public employment services in the post‐pandemic era. Evidence from Italy as a latecomer country
Authors: Sacchi Stefano , Scarano Gianluca 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe Next Generation EU (NGEU) economic recovery package has set the conditions for unprecedented investment in policy areas considered of strategic importance by each Member State. This article focusses on the Italian case, characterised by long‐lasting weaknesses in active labour market policies and public employment services (PES) to analyse whether, and under what conditions, resources and programming of the magnitude of NGEU may be able to lead toward PES digital transformation. Italy's plan to enact NGEU has allocated 5.4 billion euro to fund a regionally implemented program aimed at reforming Italian PES where digitalisation represents a key objective. Based on interviews with PES officials and document analysis, it is possible to understand the extent to which such massive investments can pave the way for effective digital transformation and consider what (and how) additional factors may further influence such process.
Electrospinnability and Air Filtration Efficiency of PVDF Nanofibers: The Role of Electrospinning Solution Properties
Authors: Valencia‐Osorio Laura Margarita , Aguiar Mônica Lopes , Álvarez‐Láinez Mónica Lucía 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis study successfully refined the electrospinnability window for polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanofiber membranes by systematically investigating solvent systems to achieve bead‐free morphologies mapped within a Teas ternary diagram. The correlation between fiber morphology and solution properties, such as viscosity, surface tension, and conductivity, allowed for a reproducible approach to fabricate high‐performance nanofiber membranes. Using DMSO:Ac/60:40 solvent ratio and a 14% w/w PVDF concentration, following a 32 factorial DoE, bead‐free fibers with an average diameter of ~700 nm were produced. This solvent selection and morphology refinement enhanced the crystalline β phase, which promoted intern‐oriented dipoles that were enhanced by an additional charge induction effect. This led to increased volume and surface charges on the membrane, enhancing electrostatic filtration mechanisms. Filtration tests at a 5.3 cm/s face velocity showed that a 10.4 g/m2 bead‐free PVDF fiber membrane enriched with a β phase and additional induced surface charge, outperformed bead‐on‐string structures and a commercial high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter, achieving HEPA‐grade efficiencies with low air resistance . These results highlighted the role of morphology and charge characteristics in filtration efficiency and provided a method for PVDF electrospinning to meet the growing demand for effective ultrafine PM filtration.
Biotechnological Interventions for the Production of Subunit Vaccines Against Group A Rotavirus
Authors: Prajapati Mukta , Malik Pooja , Sinha Astha , Yadav Honey , Jaiwal Yachna K. , Ahlawat Yogesh K. , Chaudhary Darshna , Jaiwal Ranjana , Sharma Nisha , Jaiwal Pawan K. , Chattu Vijay K. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTGroup A rotavirus (RVA) is a major cause of severe gastroenteritis in infants and young children globally, despite the availability of live‐attenuated vaccines. Challenges such as limited efficacy in low‐income regions, safety concerns for immunocompromised individuals, and cold‐chain dependency necessitate alternative vaccine strategies. Subunit vaccines, which use specific viral proteins to elicit immunity, provide a safer and more adaptable approach. This review highlights biotechnological advancements in producing subunit vaccines, focusing on recombinant expression systems like bacterial, yeast, insect, mammalian, and plant‐based platforms for scalable and cost‐effective production of viral proteins. Key innovations include molecular engineering, adjuvant development, and delivery system improvements to enhance vaccine immunogenicity and efficacy. Subunit vaccines and virus‐like particles expressed in various systems have demonstrated promising preclinical and clinical results, with some candidates nearing commercial readiness. Reverse vaccinology, combined with Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning, is driving the development of innovative multiepitope vaccines and antivirals. Strategies such as passive immunization, single‐chain antibodies, immunobiotics, and novel antivirals are also explored as alternative management options. The review also underscores advanced genome editing and reverse genetics approaches to improve vaccine design and antiviral therapies. These biotechnological interventions offer hope for equitable and effective control of rotavirus diarrhea, particularly in resource‐limited settings, and represent significant progress toward addressing current vaccine limitations.