bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal comfort modeling, aspects of land use in urban planning and spatial exposition under future climate parameters
Authors: Isinkaralar O. , Isinkaralar K. , Sevik H. , Küçük Ö. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Global urbanization and climate change have brought about crucial climatic pattern variations between urban areas and rural surroundings. The impact of global heating is influencing the climatological variables in the surrounding urban environment. Thermal comfort in an environment is an influential location choice for urban living quality and facilities. This study models the change in the spatial pattern of comfort zones in the Kastamonu province sample. Simulation plots were generated, and comfort requirements were investigated based on global climate models in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6. The spatio-temporal shifts in temperature, humidity, and ThC fields were optimized by Thom’s discomfort index. To assess the synergies of extreme hot weather events throughout the province, the current status of ThC areas and their potential concerns in 2040, 2060, 2080, and 2100 were modeled based on the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways scenarios: SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 using ArcMap 10.8 software. The research determined that cold, cool, and comfortable areas are predicted in the site based on SSP2-4.5 until 2100. According to the SSP5-8.5, coastal regions will dominate 15.3% of the area with marine characteristics above the comfort values (hot and very hot). According to the SSP5-8.5 climate projections, the 5 °C increase in the highest temperature value in the area and the 9.7% decrease in the relative humidity are remarkable for describing impreciseness in complex interacting human and environmental mechanisms. The research provides guiding and concrete spatial indicators for many interacting disciplines and decision-makers.

Graphical abstract
Teaching a Conversational Agent using Natural Language: Effect on Learning and Engagement
Authors: Love Rachel , Law Edith , Cohen Philip R. , Kulić Dana 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Conversational teachable agents offer a promising platform to support learning, both in the classroom and in remote settings. In this context, the agent takes the role of the novice, while the student takes on the role of teacher, eliciting the Protégé effect, a pedagogical phenomenon known to increase engagement in the teaching task, and also improve cognitive outcomes. In prior work, interactions with teachable agents show frequent use of interface elements to support learning, and few examples utilise natural language as the sole interaction modality between both user and agent. This work investigates the effect of teaching using natural language while interacting with a virtual agent via the Curiosity Notebook on learning outcomes and engagement. A method of teaching by selecting sentences from source material is compared to paraphrasing from the source material and typing. The results indicate that teaching by paraphrasing in natural language is perceived as being more helpful for learning, but that this perception of improvement is not reflected in actual learning gain over a fixed interaction. Participants also show a short-term preference for teaching via sentence-selection, which they perceive as requiring less effort. There is a positive relationship between the amount of paraphrasing users engage in and improved learning outcomes.
Impatto dell’obesità sulla funzione sessuale delle donne in menopausa
Authors: Barbagallo Federica , Nappi Rossella E. , Calogero Aldo E. 
Published: February 2025

Sommario
La menopausa rappresenta una fase cruciale di transizione cardiometabolica durante la quale molte donne sperimentano un incremento ponderale e una significativa redistribuzione del grasso corporeo. Parallelamente, si osserva spesso un declino della funzione sessuale. Le donne affette da obesità sono esposte a una molteplicità di fattori di rischio, sia organici che psicosociali, che le predispongono maggiormente allo sviluppo di disfunzioni sessuali. La presente rassegna si propone di analizzare le evidenze scientifiche disponibili sulla correlazione tra obesità e disfunzioni sessuali nelle donne in menopausa e di fornire strumenti utili per agevolare il dialogo medico-paziente, diagnosticare le disfunzioni sessuali e offrire opzioni terapeutiche seguendo un modello bio-psico-sociale.
Box Height-Independent Differential Bar Cumulation (DBC) for 3D Raster Surface Fractal Dimension Analysis
Authors: Malleswar S. D. , Isoda Yuzuru , Nakaya Tomoki 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The box-counting method is the predominant technique for calculating fractal dimensions (FD) for raster data. However, past studies focused primarily on measuring the FD of 2D binary raster. While fields like image analysis have advanced with methods such as differential box counting (DBC) to measure the FD of 3D surfaces, this approach has yet to be applied to geographical raster data, mainly due to challenges like various data depth formats, choice of box height, and type of distribution of raster values within data. In this study, we address these challenges, particularly focusing on selecting an appropriate box height which is also a methodological issue even for images. The difficulties in DBC, such as too-small and too-large box height problems, appear on finer and coarser scales of log–log plots, respectively, and there are optimal scales that represent the accurate FD somewhere in the middle. We proposed key modifications to the conventional DBC method theoretically to reduce the number of inappropriate scales due to the difficulties in DBC. To identify the effective scales in log–log plot, we introduced a novel visualization technique which can be used to detect subtle variations in log–log plots by visual inspection, aiding in the identification of box height problems and related difficulties. We applied and compared both the conventional and modified DBC method to two empirical datasets, population data and digital elevation model data, across the USA. Our results demonstrate that the log–log plots display greater consistency, and the FD values converge to a larger value as the box height decreases. The enhanced log–log plots from the results showed that there is no too-small box height problem at all, and the box height is smaller the better. Based on the empirical results, we proposed a derived method that eliminates the need for selecting a specific box height, addressing all three difficulties of DBC identified in this study. Since the derived method no longer uses the ceiling function and does not count boxes, the acronym DBC should now stand for differential bar cumulation.
A Risk-Based Pillar Design Approach Combining Stochastic Continuous and Discontinuous Modeling in an Underground Stone Mine
Authors: Monsalve Juan J. , Soni Aman , Bishop Richard , Hazzard Jim , Rodriguez-Marek Adrian , Chen Cheng , Ripepi Nino 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The collapse of a mine pillar is a catastrophic event with great consequences for a mining operation. In spite of the low probability of occurrence for a pillar collapse in comparison to other ground control instability issues, these consequences make these events high risk. Therefore, the design of these structures should be considered from a risk perspective rather than from a factor-of-safety deterministic approach, as it has been traditionally done. This work presents a risk-based pillar design framework that enables to characterize discontinuities’ effect in pillar strength, as well as accounting for the possible range of stresses that will be acting on pillars. The proposed methodology is based on the integration of stochastic discrete element modeling for pillar strength estimation, and stochastic continuous modeling for pillar stress determination. This approach was evaluated in an underground dipping stone mine. Using the reliability analysis method, results from the stress estimation model were integrated with those obtained from the stochastic DEM approach, thereby enabling the probability of failure estimation for the pillars throughout the mine. Finally, the methodology was validated by comparing numerical modeling results with LiDAR and photogrammetric surveys from the mine. Results from this design framework provide additional decision-making tools to prevent pillar failure from the design stages by reducing uncertainty. The proposed method enables the integration of pillar design into the risk analysis framework of the mining operation, ultimately improving safety by preventing future pillar collapses.
“Lost in the crowd”: ethical concerns in crowdsourced evaluations of LLMs
Authors: Cheong Marc , Bush Gabby , Wildenauer Michael 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
With the acceleration of Large Language Model (LLM) use by the public, there is an urgent need to make sure the downstream effects have beneficial impacts on humans and society. Therefore, there is an increasing push for ethical evaluation of LLMs to look for potential bias, toxic behaviour, and misinformation. Thus, crowdsourcing has become a popular practice, such as OpenAI’s 2023 Evals initiative. Firstly, by reviewing the literature from software development and ethics, we wish to highlight several cautions on applying the crowdsourcing model to LLMs: including participant self-selection and non-representativeness; the diffusion of responsibility effect including ethics washing and burden shifting; and requisition of ‘incentives’ vis-a-vis issues faced by gig workers. Using the Evals GitHub repository as a case study, we study the effectiveness of an expert-driven, voluntary, crowdsourced scheme on GitHub to address socioethical issues in LLMs. This is achieved by evaluating the statistics of crowdsourced contributions on ethical and bias considerations, which pales in comparison to other technical contributions. This commentary hopes to highlight the issues of ethics, equity, and justice in LLM crowdsourcing, drawing upon interdisciplinary literature, and presents open considerations on how we can improve the state of play.
Are We Ready for the Metaverse? Implications, Legal Landscape, and Recommendations for Responsible Development
Authors: Tu Xinyi , de Castro e Silva Bruna 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The Metaverse, an interconnected, immersive, and persistent multi-user environment blending physical and digital realities, has transformative potential for society but also poses significant risks for individuals, businesses, and the environment. This study addresses the research gap in understanding these multifaceted implications by employing an integrated research approach. Initially, a literature review explores the opportunities and risks presented by the Metaverse. We then focus on risks to six sets of fundamental rights, analyzing existing legal standards and their applicability through doctrinal analysis and socio-legal research. The legal frameworks included in this analysis are the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, the Digital Services Act (DSA), and the EU AI Act (AIA). Finally, to mitigate identified risks, we provide dual-pronged recommendations that combine regulatory measures and technological strategies. The study serves as a white paper, mapping the Metaverse landscape and providing actionable insights for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and technology developers. Our findings emphasize the need for a comprehensive approach that integrates robust regulatory frameworks with cutting-edge technical safeguards to ensure responsible and sustainable Metaverse development.
Luciferase complementation for cellular assays beyond protein–protein interactions
Authors: Kawamura Genki , Ozawa Takeaki 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Luciferase complementation assays have emerged in 2001 as a useful tool to analyze biological processes through diverse biological assays such as cellular studies and in vivo imaging. The assay has an advantage of wide dynamic ranges, high signal-to-noise ratios, and capability for real-time monitoring of dynamic biological events with a readout of bioluminescence. While it was initially harnessed for detecting protein–protein interactions, biosensors based on luciferase-fragment complementation have achieved significant advancements in their designs, expanding versatility and applicability beyond the initial scope. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of designing strategies employed in split luciferase complementation assays and to highlight their diverse bioanalytical applications. Because simple bi-molecular detection of protein–protein interactions by this approach is well-established, this review will focus on introducing diverse sensor designs using the concept of split luciferase complementation.

Graphical abstract
Short- and Long-Term Outcomes of Laparoscopic Spleen-Preserving Distal Pancreatectomy with Splenic Vessel Preservation for Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms of the Pancreas: A Single-Center Study
Authors: Cai Yu , Gao Pan , Chen Qiangxin , Chen Zixin , Cheng Ke , Cai He , Cai Yunqiang , Wang Xin , Wu Zhong , Peng Bing 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN) often coexist with acute or chronic pancreatitis, which can complicate laparoscopic spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy (LSPDP), especially with splenic vessel preservation (SVP-LSPDP). This study aims to evaluate the safety, feasibility, and long-term outcomes of SVP-LSPDP for IPMN.

Methods
A retrospective study was conducted on IPMN patients who underwent SVP-LSPDP between November 2017 and December 2022. Demographics, surgical outcomes, pathology reports, complication rates, mortality, and follow-up data (as of April 2023) were analyzed.

Results
The study included 21 patients who underwent SVP-LSPDP, with a median age of 62 (range 32–81) years. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, and postoperative hospital stay were 185.52 ± 68.2 min, 89 ± 88.73 ml, and 9 (range 3–27) days, respectively. The Clavien-Dindo Grade II, Grade III, and Grade B pancreatic fistulas were 4.8%, 0, and 9.5%, respectively, with no fatal cases. The follow-up rate was 100%, with a median follow-up period of 27 (range 6–65) months. All patients survived without tumor recurrence or metastasis. Six patients developed new-onset diabetes after surgery, but exocrine pancreatic insufficiency was not observed in any patient. No patient developed splenic infarction or perigastric varices.

Conclusion
For IPMN cases in the body and tail of the pancreas, SVP-LSPDP is a safe and feasible surgical approach with good short- and long-term outcomes.
Investigating attitudes towards a changing use of anglicisms in Quebec French
Authors: Bouchard Marie-Eve 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This article investigates speakers’ attitudes towards the use of anglicisms in Quebec French, particularly verbs. The common practice in Quebec French is to morphologically integrate these anglicisms into the French language (e.g., il m'a ghosté). However, in recent years, some French-speaking Quebecers have been using the unintegrated forms (e.g., il m'a ghost). This change of practice for the use of English-origin verbs is a linguistic innovation that is emerging from young French speakers in the Montreal area (M-E Bouchard 2023a). To investigate attitudes towards the use of anglicisms (integrated and non-integrated forms), 675 French-speaking Quebecers were asked the following open-ended question: Do you have anything to say about the use of anglicisms in Quebec French? The current study consists of a qualitative analysis of the participants’ answers to this specific question. This study has found evidence of linguistic hierarchies between the use of anglicisms that are morphologically integrated and those that are not. The anglicisms that are not morphologically integrated into the French language are perceived by many participants as incorrect and as challenging communication and understanding between users and non-users of the unintegrated forms. Participants associate the use of the unintegrated forms with young people.
Mother's education and early childhood educational care
Authors: Akar Betul , Akyol Pelin , Okten Cagla 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We analyze the impact of extending mandatory education from five to eight years on mothers’ involvement in early childhood educational activities, using data from the Turkish Time Use Survey. The compulsory education reform substantially increased the likelihood of mothers completing at least middle school (eight years of schooling). However, it had no significant effect on mothers’ time spent on early childhood educational activities, such as reading, playing, and talking to children. Instead, the reform increased mothers’ total time with children, particularly through housework and social activities involving children. These findings suggest that studies linking maternal education to greater time investment in childcare may suffer from omitted variable bias, as unobserved factors like maternal intelligence and values influence both educational attainment and childcare behaviors. Our findings are critical given that nearly half of pre-primary-age children globally are not enrolled in formal education and primarily remain in home settings.
Friends Are the Cream of Life: Mary Antin and Jessie Sampter’s Religious Creativity
Authors: Gross Rachel B. , Imhoff Sarah 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAmerican Jewish writers Mary Antin and Jessie Sampter met as teenagers in 1899. Throughout the next four decades, they wrote letters and visited each other, discussing literature, politics, and life. Independently, both women achieved some professional success. Antin’s autobiography, The Promised Land, launched her to national fame, before she withdrew from public life to focus on religious pursuits. Sampter supported Zionist efforts from the United States, then moved to Palestine. Both women experimented with religious thought and intentional communities. Both women were disabled: Antin struggled with her mental and physical health; Sampter also struggled with mental health and had post-polio syndrome.Drawing on Antin and Sampter’s correspondence with each other and with others, this article argues that their friendship was a crucial part of their subjectivity, their intellectual development, and their religious creativity. Intimacy and relationality were not merely supplementary to the real work of solitary thinkers but key for these women’s intellectual and spiritual development. In studying Antin and Sampter’s friendship, we suggest that studying disabled thinkers provides a lens for all significant friendships, in which each partner admits and permits vulnerability and each brings what they can. Their relationship points us to the importance of analyzing how bodies and vulnerability work in all friendships, and how the interdependence of non-romantic friendships can be essential to women’s creative work as religious thinkers and practitioners. Antin and Sampter’s friendship also demonstrates how religious thought happens within relationships, rather than being solely created by an autonomous, isolated subject.
The Homosocial Gospel: Winnifred Wygal and the Women Couples of the Young Women’s Christian Association of the USA
Authors: Izzo Amanda 
Published: February 2025

abstractIn the first decades of the twentieth century, several same-sex couples populated the professional workforce of the Young Women’s Christian Association of the USA (YWCA), one of the largest and most influential US women’s organizations. At the same time, discourses of medicine and law hardened around binary categories of sexual identity, giving rise to the regulation of homosexuality as a pathology and crime. Contesting assumptions that Christianity has historically served to suppress and punish same-sex romance and sexuality, this article investigates how middle-class white women employed by the national administration of the YWCA carved out an institutional space that was at once welcoming to female couples and deeply dedicated to Protestant faith traditions. While the ongoing influence of nineteenth-century ideals of homosocial romantic friendship had considerable influence on this space, an inquiry into the work of the YWCA theologian Winnifred Wygal reveals the ways in which liberal Christianity could be used to authorize, rather than prohibit, love between women in the face of modern frameworks of sexual identity.
Competition Shocks, Rival Reactions, and Stock Return Comovement
Authors: de Bodt Eric , Eckbo B. Espen , Roll Richard W. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
To protect inframarginal rents, rivals react to competition shocks by increasing product differentiation or lowering costs by standardizing products and production processes. We test these two mutually exclusive reactions by exploiting changes in rivals’ idiosyncratic stock return comovement following significant tariff cuts. While increased product differentiation implies a reduction in return comovement, greater standardization implies the opposite (a comovement increase). Difference-in-differences (DID) tests indicate that tariff cuts cause a significant increase in return comovement—in particular among within-industry “followers.” Treatment effects on cash flows, product counts, similarity scores, and business segment counts further support cost-cutting strategies.
Long-term outcomes of individualised repair in patients with primary pulmonary vein stenosis
Authors: Wang Zhangwei , Yang Yang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objectives:
Primary pulmonary vein stenosis is a rare congenital heart condition and carries a poor prognosis. Various surgical techniques have been introduced to treat primary pulmonary vein stenosis. However, there is no consensus on the optimal approach. This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of surgical treatment of primary pulmonary vein stenosis, identify the risk factors for pulmonary vein restenosis and reintervention, and determine the optimal strategy for primary pulmonary vein stenosis repair.

Methods:
From December 2008 to December 2023, 64 patients with primary pulmonary vein stenosis undergoing surgical repair in our institution were included [non-sutureless group, n = 42; sutureless group, n = 22]. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to identify risk factors for pulmonary vein restenosis and pulmonary vein restenosis-related reintervention.

Results:
There were three in-hospital deaths and one late death. The survival rates at 1, 5, and 15 years were 91.9%, 84.2%, and 69.8%, respectively, in the whole cohort. Compared with the non-sutureless group, the sutureless group did not significantly improve the long-term survival of primary pulmonary vein stenosis patients (P = 0.484). Pulmonary vein restenosis occurred in 15 patients. Multivariable analysis showed that Involvement of the left inferior pulmonary vein (P < 0.001) was the only independent risk factor for pulmonary vein restenosis, while sutureless repair (P = 0.037) was a protective factor. Pulmonary vein restenosis-related reintervention occurred in 12 patients. On multivariate analysis, three or four pulmonary veins involvement (P = 0.001) and preoperative severity score exceeding 5 (P = 0.050) were found to be independent risk factors associated with pulmonary vein restenosis-related reintervention; however, sutureless repair (P = 0.021) was a protective factor.

Conclusions:
Management of infants with primary pulmonary vein stenosis is challenging. Surgical repair of primary pulmonary vein stenosis can be safely achieved using different techniques, with similar long-term mortality. Compared with non-sutureless repair, sutureless repair was significantly associated with decreased pulmonary vein restenosis and decreased pulmonary vein restenosis-related reintervention, respectively. Preoperative severity score exceeding 5, 3, or 4 pulmonary veins involvement, and left inferior pulmonary vein involvement are independent risk factors for adverse outcomes.