bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A structured physical activity program in an adolescent population with overweight or obesity: a prospective interventional study
Authors: Fanelli Elvira , Abate Daga Federico , Pappaccogli Marco , Eula Elisabetta , Astarita Anna , Mingrone Giulia , Fasano Chiara , Magnino Corrado , Schiavone Domenica , Rabbone Ivana , Gollin Massimiliano , Rabbia Franco , Veglio Franco 
Published: October 2021

Obesity is a significant health problem, with increasing involvement of young population worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of 2 different types of physical exercise (resistance vs. combined aerobic-resistance) on cardiovascular and anthropometric profile of a sample of sedentary adolescents with overweight and obesity. After undergoing clinical, cardiovascular and anthropometric-metabolic evaluation (T0), subjects with overweight and obesity were randomized to a 6-month resistance or combined aerobic-resistance training program. Clinical, cardiovascular and anthropometric-metabolic evaluations were repeated after 6 months of training (T1) and after 3 months of detraining (T2). Thirty adolescents with overweight/obesity were enrolled and 20 subjects completed training program. A significant improvement in body composition was detected after 6 months, with a reduction of body mass index (32.1 [30.5 to 34.4] vs. 31.1 [29.6 to 33.4] kg/m2, p = 0.02) and adipose tissue (45.5 [41.1 to 49.7] vs. 41.6 [37.0 to 49.2] kg, p < 0.01). A reduction in diastolic blood pressure (75.5 ± 8.9 vs. 68.2 ± 6.4 mm Hg, p = 0.02) and pulse wave velocity (5.7 [5.1 to 5.9] vs. 5.2 [4.7 to 5.7] m/s, p = 0.04) was also observed. Persistence of the effect on the most important parameters was observed also after detraining period. In conclusion, regular physical exercise induces positive metabolic and cardiovascular effects, persisting even after brief discontinuation. Novelty: Physical exercise induces positive effect on cardiovascular risk profile. Positive effects persist also after brief discontinuation. Physical exercise reduces early signs of autonomic disfunction.
Modelling in geomorphology: the digital revolution
Authors: Martin Yvonne Elizabeth 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This chapter considers advances in geomorphological modelling from 1965 to 2000, a period that coincides with enormous progress resulting from the digital revolution. The status of computer technology and the discipline of geomorphology leading up to the period covered in this chapter is outlined. The emergence of electronic, digital computers was a significant development in computing history. The invention of the microchip resulted in a generation of mainframe computers that were increasingly efficient and powerful. Throughout the 1960s, universities and research organizations acquired mainframe computers, with time-sharing replacing batch processing. Until the mid-twentieth century, geomorphological research focused on qualitative studies of landscape history. Thereafter, geomorphological research focused on process-based studies over smaller scales. At the time that mainframe computers allowed for complexity in mathematical modelling, geomorphologists began to concentrate on an agenda that did not necessitate their use. Some mathematical models in geomorphology were introduced between 1965 and 1980, although equations were often solved analytically. Despite accessibility to powerful computers in the 1980s, mathematical modelling in geomorphology was not widespread. Mathematical models in geomorphology appeared with increasing frequency in the 1990s. Disciplinary engagement with computationally intensive approaches was strong during this decade, and continued into the twenty-first century.
Non-Intrusive Distributed Tracing of Wireless IoT Devices with the FlockLab 2 Testbed
Authors: Trüb Roman , Da Forno Reto , Daschinger Lukas , Biri Andreas , Beutel Jan , Thiele Lothar 
Published: October 2021

Testbeds for wireless IoT devices facilitate testing and validation of distributed target nodes. A testbed usually provides methods to control, observe, and log the execution of the software. However, most of the methods used for tracing the execution require code instrumentation and change essential properties of the observed system. Methods that are non-intrusive are typically not applicable in a distributed fashion due to a lack of time synchronization or necessary hardware/software support. In this article, we present a tracing system for validating time-critical software running on multiple distributed wireless devices that does not require code instrumentation, is non-intrusive and is designed to trace the distributed state of an entire network. For this purpose, we make use of the on-chip debug and trace hardware that is part of most modern microcontrollers. We introduce a testbed architecture as well as models and methods that accurately synchronize the timestamps of observations collected by distributed observers. In a case study, we demonstrate how the tracing system can be applied to observe the distributed state of a flooding-based low-power communication protocol for wireless sensor networks. The presented non-intrusive tracing system is implemented as a service of the publicly accessible open source FlockLab 2 testbed.
Optimal Timing of Simethicone Supplement for Bowel Preparation: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Wu Zhen-wen , Zhan Sheng-gang , Yang Mei-feng , Meng Yi-teng , Xiong Feng , Wei Cheng , Li Ying-xue , Zhang Ding-guo , Xu Zheng-lei , Wu Ben-hua , Shi Rui-yue , Yao Jun , Wang Li-sheng , Li De-feng 
Published: October 2021

Background and Aims. Simethicone (SIM), as an antifoaming agent, has been shown to improve bowel preparation during colonoscopy. However, the optimal timing of SIM addition remained undetermined. We aimed to investigate the optimal timing of SIM addition to polyethylene glycol (PEG) to improve bowel preparation. Methods. Eligible patients were randomly assigned to two groups: the SIM evening group (SIM addition to PEG in the evening of the day prior to colonoscopy) and the SIM morning group (SIM addition to PEG in the morning of colonoscopy). The primary outcome was Bubble Scale (BS). The secondary outcomes were Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS) and adenoma detection rate (ADR). Results. A total of 419 patients were enrolled in this study. The baseline characteristics of the patients were similar in both groups. No significant differences were observed in terms of BS (8.76 ± 0.90 vs. 8.65 ± 1.16,

P

= 0.81), ADR (34.1% vs. 30.8%,

P

= 0.47), Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS) (8.59 ± 0.94 vs. 8.45 ± 1.00,

P

= 0.15), and withdrawal time (8.22 ± 2.04 vs. 8.01 ± 2.51,

P

= 0.094) between the two groups. Moreover, safety and compliance were similar in both groups. However, the SIM evening group was associated with shorter cecal intubation time (3.80 ± 1.81 vs. 4.42 ± 2.03,

P

< 0.001), higher BS (2.95 ± 0.26 vs. 2.88 ± 0.38,

P

= 0.04) in the right colon, and diminutive ADR (62.5% vs. 38.6%,

P

= 0.022) in the right colon, when compared to the SIM evening group. Conclusions. The SIM addition to PEG in the evening of the day prior to colonoscopy can shorten cecal intubation time and improve BS scores and diminutive ADR of the right colon compared with the SIM addition to PEG in the morning of colonoscopy in bowel preparation.
Green Industrial Policy After Paris: Renewable Energy Policy Measures and Climate Goals
Authors: Lewis Joanna I. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Renewable energy (RE) will play a significant role in national climate mitigation strategies, including those put forth in the context of the Paris Agreement. This article examines the role of industrial policy in supporting renewables and how it compares to the use of other types of RE policies in both location and quantity around the world. On the basis of an original database of RE policy support measures developed for this analysis, the article illustrates which measures are most commonly being used around the world and what types of countries are using them. It highlights the use of a wide range of policy types, including many industrial policies, and a disparity in the use of industrial policies between smaller emitters and larger emitters, with important implications for which countries stand to benefit from the development of domestic RE industries and for our ability to achieve long-term climate goals.
Temporal Alignment but not Complexity of Audiovisual Stimuli Influences Crossmodal Duration Percepts
Authors: Scurry Alexandra N. , Lemus Daniela M. , Jiang Fang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Reliable duration perception is an integral aspect of daily life that impacts everyday perception, motor coordination, and subjective passage of time. The Scalar Expectancy Theory (SET) is a common model that explains how an internal pacemaker, gated by an external stimulus-driven switch, accumulates pulses during sensory events and compares these accumulated pulses to a reference memory duration for subsequent duration estimation. Second-order mechanisms, such as multisensory integration (MSI) and attention, can influence this model and affect duration perception. For instance, diverting attention away from temporal features could delay the switch closure or temporarily open the accumulator, altering pulse accumulation and distorting duration perception. In crossmodal duration perception, auditory signals of unequal duration can induce perceptual compression and expansion of durations of visual stimuli, presumably via auditory influence on the visual clock. The current project aimed to investigate the role of temporal (stimulus alignment) and nontemporal (stimulus complexity) features on crossmodal, specifically auditory over visual, duration perception. While temporal alignment revealed a larger impact on the strength of crossmodal duration percepts compared to stimulus complexity, both features showcase auditory dominance in processing visual duration.
Predictors of laxative use in inpatients with schizophrenia on clozapine
Authors: Sazhin Vladimir , Pushkal Pushkal 
Published: October 2021

Objectives: Constipation, a clinical manifestation of gastrointestinal hypomotility, is a common and potentially serious complication of clozapine therapy, requiring laxatives for its prevention and treatment. We explored the predictive factors of the increased laxative use in inpatients receiving a long-term clozapine therapy. Methods: In the cross-sectional study of 93 patients in a psychiatric rehabilitation hospital, we examined a four-week prevalence of laxative use and a range of demographic and clinical factors associated with the number of prescribed laxatives. Results: Seventy-four percent of inpatients with schizophrenia were prescribed laxatives, and they were statistically significant older and taking higher daily doses of clozapine. In generalized Poisson regression analysis, the clozapine dose, age, and comorbid diabetes mellitus and hypothyroidism were independently associated with the number of concurrently used laxatives. No association was found between the laxatives and gender, duration of clozapine treatment, and the number of other medications with a potential to cause constipation. Conclusion: The clozapine dose, age, diabetes mellitus, and hypothyroidism were shown to be the independent predictors of the increased laxative use among inpatients on clozapine and might be associated with the increased risk of clozapine-induced constipation and gastrointestinal hypomotility.
Muller muscle conjunctival resection or external levator advancement; a quantitative comparison of symmetry in unilateral ptosis
Authors: Serefoglu Cabuk Kubra , Asik Nacaroglu Senay , Ozturk Karabulut Gamze , Fazil Korhan , Arslan Mehmet Selcuk , Guler Mehmet Guray , Taskapili Muhittin 
Published: October 2021

Purpose To compare muller muscle conjunctival resection (MMCR) and external levator advancement (ELA) in terms of objective and subjective symmetry in unilateral ptosis. Methods The patients who underwent unilateral MMCR (group1, n = 25) and ELA (group2, n = 25) were reviewed retrospectively. With the written algorithm, margin reflex distance-1 (MRD1), localization of the contour peak, and the percentage of overlapping curvatures (POC) of both upper eyelid curves were calculated. Semi-automated measurements were compared with the manual measurements. The correlation between objective and subjective symmetry was evaluated. Results Preoperative levator functions were similar in both groups (13.93 ± 3.25 mm and 13.3 ± 2.86 mm, respectively). We found strong correlations between manual and semi-automated measurements (ICC: 0.942, 95% CI = 0.924–0.956, p < 0.001). Preoperative MRD1 (2.15 ± 0.90 vs 1.51 ± 1.01, p = 0.022) and POC was lower in group 2 (66% vs 47.2%, p = 0.01). In the postoperative period, the increase in MRD1 and POC were similar in both groups ( p = 0.2 and p = 0.7 respectively), and the contour peak displaced temporally ( p < 0.01) providing a symmetric peak in both groups. Subjective symmetry increased as the difference in MRD1 between two eyes decreased ( r = −0.456, p = 0.001), and POC increased ( r = 0.396, p = 0.004). Conclusions Besides subjective symmetry, MMCR and ELA are equally effective in ensuring symmetry objectively, as measured with MRD1 and contour peak symmetry and POC in unilateral ptosis. POC may be used as a criterion of symmetry in the evaluation of ptosis.
Predictors of In-hospital Mortality in Cardiogenic Shock Patients on Vasoactive or Inotropic Support
Authors: Nandkeolyar Shuktika , Doctorian Tanya , Fraser Gary , Ryu Rachel , Fearon Colleen , Tryon David , Kagabo Whitney , Abramov Dmitry , Hauschild Christopher , Stoletniy Liset , Hilliard Anthony , Sakr Antoine 
Published: October 2021

Background: Though controversial, the short-duration in-patient use of inotropes in cardiogenic shock (CS) remain an ACC/AHA Class IIa indication, and are frequently used in the initial treatment of CS. We evaluated in-patient mortality and effect on mortality risk of commonly used vasoactive inotropic medications for the medical management of SCAI stage B and C cardiogenic shock patients in a tertiary care cardiac care unit: dobutamine, dopamine, milrinone, and norepinephrine. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 342 patients who received dobutamine, milrinone, dopamine, norepinephrine or a combination of these medications for SCAI stage B and C cardiogenic shock. Cox proportional hazards were used to form longitudinal mortality predictions. Results: Overall in-patient mortality was 18%. Each 1 µg/kg/minute increase in dobutamine independently corresponded to a 15% increase in risk of mortality. High dose dobutamine >3 µg/kg/minute is associated with 3-fold increased risk compared to ⩽3 µg/kg/minute ( P < .001). Use of milrinone, norepinephrine, and dopamine were not independently associated with mortality. Conclusion: We demonstrate that the overall in-hospital mortality of SCAI stage B and C cardiogenic shock patients medically managed on inotropes was not in excess of prior studies. Dobutamine was independently associated with mortality, while other vasoactive inotropic medications were not. Inotropes remain a feasible method of managing SCAI stage B and C cardiogenic shock.
Effect of reinforcements on graphite/titania/aluminium nanohybrid composites
Authors: Reddy Yendapalli Kishor Kumar , Hussain Shaik Althaf , Narahari Vamsee Krishna Reddy , Pramanik Sumit , Bhaumik Shubrajit 
Published: October 2021

Aluminium alloys and their composites are often used in aerospace, automobile and biomedical applications. However, mechanical and surface properties of those alloys have not reached up to the expectation. This investigation focused to improve the wear resistance properties along with mechanical and surface properties of aluminium matrix composites. Here, novel aluminium matrix nanohybrid composites were developed using titanium oxide and graphite as reinforced via powder metallurgical route. The sintered samples were analysed by different tests such as, hardness, surface roughness, wear tests and other structural analyses. The obtained results showed that some new compounds formed during sintering were responsible for improved mechanical and surface properties for different applications. The wear test showed that there was rapid worn out of graphite from the composites having aluminium content more than 50 wt% due to the higher content of graphite (10 and 20 wt%, respectively). In addition, due to the increase of porosity in the different hybrid composites, there was an increase in coefficient of friction observed in some materials. The aluminium nanohybrid composite having 40 wt% titania and 10 wt% graphite showed best results compared with others. Therefore, the optimized hybrid composites with proper sintering condition would significantly help to get suitable structural, mechanical as well as tribological properties for many advanced applications.
Presentation, Diagnosis and Management of Innominate Artery Thromboembolism
Authors: Chang Heepeel , Rockman Caron B. , Narula Navneet , Sabari Joshua K. , Garg Karan 
Published: October 2021

Purpose: Acute thromboembolic disease of the innominate artery (IA) poses a unique set of therapeutic challenges, owing to its contribution to both the cerebral and upper extremity circulation, and risks of distal embolization via the carotid and subclavian arteries, respectively. Herein, we present a 74-year-old female who presents with acute IA thrombus treated successfully with right axillary and common carotid exposure and aspiration catheter-directed mechanical thrombectomy (CDT). Furthermore, an emerging use of CDT and its application in acute thromboembolism are outlined. Case report: A 74-year-old female with history of right lung transplant for pulmonary fibrosis with severe pulmonary hypertension, and stage IIIA left lung adenocarcinoma status post left lower lobectomy undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy presented with acute IA thrombus and right-sided stroke. She was treated successfully with right axillary and common carotid exposure and aspiration CDT. Computed tomography angiography performed 1 month postoperatively confirmed patent IA with no evidence of residual or recurrent thrombus. Conclusion: There are currently no standard guidelines on the management of acute IA thromboembolism, with mostly individual cases reported in the literature describing this rare entity. Nevertheless, this unique clinical entity mandates expeditious diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in order to avoid permanent neurologic deficits from distal embolization. Our case demonstrates that aspiration CDT may be an effective treatment modality for patients with acute IA thrombus.
Assessment of OB/Gyn Residents’ Knowledge of Basic Obstetric Sonography and Psychomotor Skills Posttraining on a Computer-Based Simulator
Authors: Mohammad Sundus H. , Sommerich Carolyn M. , Butwin Angela N. , Evans Kevin D. 
Published: October 2021

Objective: This study sought to evaluate how a high-fidelity computer-based sonography simulator (FCBSS) can be used in training obstetrics and gynecology residents and evaluate efficacy of high-fidelity CBSS in enhancing resident’s sonographic knowledge, psychomotor skills, and level of confidence in performing sonographic fetal assessments. Materials and Methods: Eleven postgraduate year 1 residents (PGY1s) and ten PGY2s were assessed on sonographic performance by measuring psychomotor skills and evaluating the accuracy of the sonographic images. PGY2s received traditional sonography training while PGY1s received three individualized training sessions on a high-fidelity CBSS. At the conclusion, all residents received feedback and completed a survey to establish their current confidence level in performing and interpreting sonograms. Results: PGY2s scored a median of 33/66 points on the assessment, while PGY1s scored a median of 64/66 points. Statistical analysis performed from motion analysis metrics between cohorts revealed a statistically significant difference, with PGY1s demonstrating higher psychomotor skills. Interquartile ranges of PGY1s’ scores were smaller than PGY2s’, revealing consistency in knowledge and skills among the PGY1 cohort. Conclusion: Findings suggests that high-fidelity CBSS can be used effectively in training residents. It also demonstrates that implementation of formalized sonography training, using a high-fidelity CBSS, can be achieved and potentially expedite and enhance the learning of novice learners.
Choroidal involvement in non-infectious posterior scleritis
Authors: Vermeirsch Sandra , Testi Ilaria , Pavesio Carlos 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To provide a comprehensive overview of choroidal involvement in non-infectious posterior scleritis; including different imaging modalities and their clinical usefulness.

Methods
Narrative review.

Results
Posterior scleritis is an uncommon yet potentially sight-threatening inflammation of the sclera. During the disease process, inflammation can spread to the adjacent choroid, causing different manifestations of choroidal involvement: (1) increased choroidal thickness, (2) choroidal vasculitis, (3) presentation as a choroidal or subretinal mass in nodular posterior scleritis, and (4) choroidal folds, choroidal effusion and exudative retinal detachment.

Conclusions
Clinical characteristics and multimodal imaging can aid in diagnosing and monitoring disease progression and response to treatment in non-infectious posterior scleritis with choroidal involvement.
circ_0038718 promotes colon cancer cell malignant progression via the miR-195-5p/Axin2 signaling axis and also effect Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway
Authors: Gu Haitao , Xu Zhiquan , Zhang Jianbo , Wei Yanbing , Cheng Ling , Wang Jijian 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objective
Colon cancer (CC) is one of the most common cancers whose progression is regulated by a number of factors, including circular RNAs (circRNAs). Nonetheless, circ_0038718 is a novel circRNA, and its regulatory mechanism in CC remains unclear.

Methods
Real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to detect the expression of circ_0038718, miR-195-5p and Axin2. Western blot was conducted to determine the protein expression of Axin2 and the key proteins on Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Oligo (dT) 18 primers and RNase R were employed to identify the circular features of circ_0038718, and the location of circ_0038718 in cells was detected via nucleocytoplasmic separation. Dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation experiment were carried out to investigate the molecular mechanism of circ_0038718/miR-195-5p/Axin2. Additionally, MTT assay was conducted to assess cell proliferation; Transwell assay was performed to evaluate cell migration and invasion, respectively. The effect of circ_0038718 on CC tumor growth was tested through tumor formation in nude mice.

Results
circ_0038718 was highly expressed in CC and could sponge miR-195-5p in cytoplasm. Silencing circ_0038718 suppressed the proliferative, migratory and invasive abilities of CC cells, while the promoting effect of high circ_0038718 expression on CC cells was reversed upon miR-195-5p over-expression. Axin2 was a downstream target of miR-195-5p and could regulate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Axin2 expression was modulated by circ_0038718/miR-195-5p. Knockdown of Axin2 could also attenuate the promoting effect of high circ_0038718 expression on CC cell malignant progression, thus inhibiting tumor growth.

Conclusion
circ_0038718 is able to facilitate CC cell malignant progression via the miR-195-5p/Axin2 axis, which will provide a new idea for finding a novel targeted treatment of CC.