bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One‐Pot Synthesis of Flavonol Esters and Benzamides via Unusual Base Catalyzed Partial Ring‐Opening‐Esterification and Amidation of Flavonols
Authors: Anjitha Theres Benny , Shanmugam Ponnusamy , Ethiraj Kannatt Radhakrishnan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBase‐catalysed intramolecular esterification of flavonol has been observed from the reaction of in situ generated carboxylic acid from flavonol in an aprotic solvent. Mechanistically, the reaction proceeds by the cleavage of the heterocyclic ring system to generate a carboxylate anion corresponding to the B ring of the flavonol. The carboxylic acid thus generated undergone esterification with flavonol to the observed product. The carboxylate anion intermediate generated in situ was utilized for the formation of aryl amides and aryl esters by the addition of substituted anilines and phenols. Based on the control experiments, it is proposed that the carboxylate anion underwent intramolecular esterification and another portion underwent reaction with the supplied aryl amines and phenols to afford substituted amides and esters.
Mechanistic Insight into the ZnO‐Assisted Growth of Sn6O4(OH)4 Three‐Dimensional Dendritic Hexapods
Authors: Chen Qi , Chen Zhi Yun , Wu Ji Hong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis article reports ZnO‐assisted growth of three‐dimensional (3D) dendritic hexapods of tin(II) oxyhydroxide (Sn6O4(OH)4) from acidic aqueous solution of stannous sulfate (SnSO4). Each Sn6O4(OH)4 hexapod has four long horizontally and two short vertically oriented dendritic branches. The formation of Sn6O4(OH)4 can be ascribed to the presence of ZnO whose surfaces are rich in hydroxyl groups. When covered by SnSO4 acidic aqueous solution, a large amount of hydroxyl groups is released from ZnO surfaces and further promotes the hydrolysis of SnSO4 towards Sn6O4(OH)4. Time‐dependent shape evolution from the nanoparticles‐assembled hierarchical octahedra to the 3D dendritic hexapods has been explored. The growth of Sn6O4(OH)4 3D dendritic hexapods has been explained based on a nanoparticle‐mediated, diffusion‐limited dendritic growth mechanism. Sn6O4(OH)4 can be selectively converted to semiconducting SnO or SnO2 for potential sensing and catalytic applications.
Kinetic and Isothermal Studies on the Adsorptive Removal of Direct Yellow 12 Dye from Wastewater Using Propionic Acid Treated Bagasse
Authors: Nadeem Sohail , Iqbal Shahid , Javed Mohsin , Ahmad Mirza Nadeem , Alsaab Hashem O. , Awwad Nasser S. , Ibrahium Hala A. , Ibrar Aliya , Mohyuddin Ayesha , Haroon Shah Muhammad , Ali Liaquat 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe industries, such as plastics, paper, dyestuffs, and textile use dyes for their products by consuming substantial volumes of water. Subsequently, they cause a considerable amount of colored wastewater. Therefore, wastewater from industries must be treated before being discharged into the environment. The modern consideration has been focused on the direction of numerous natural solid constituents that are proficient in eradicating contaminants from water at low cost. Such adsorbent which can be used for dye removal from the wastewater is sugarcane bagasse. Our findings revealed that the sugarcane bagasse acts as an efficient adsorbent. It was very efficient to adsorb the direct yellow 12. Dyes removal ability of adsorbent at diverse flow degree, initial dye concentration, contact time, particle size and pH were studied, and superior results were found.
On top of the game? The double‐edged sword of incorporating social features into freemium products
Authors: Rietveld Joost , Ploog Joe N. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractResearch SummaryFreemium products require widespread diffusion for their success. One way to do this is by incorporating social features (e.g., multiplayer functionality, virtual collaboration, ridesharing), which can generate network effects and result in a product becoming a superstar. However, social features can be a double‐edged sword: When demand potential for freemium products is large, social features can significantly boost a product's appeal resulting in more adoption, more usage, and more in‐app purchases; but when demand potential is constrained, network effects might fall short and users may feel they are missing out on key aspects of the product. We test this dynamic on a sample of 9,700 digital games on Steam. Findings contribute to our understanding of network effects, freemium strategies, and superstar products in platform markets.Managerial SummaryFreemium has become a popular business model among firms competing on digital platforms. Freemium products require widespread diffusion because most consumers do not pay for premium upgrades. One way to stimulate a product's diffusion is by incorporating social features (e.g., multiplayer functionality, virtual collaboration, ridesharing). Social features can boost a product's appeal resulting in more adoption, more usage, and more in‐app purchases. Our analysis of 9,700 digital PC games on Steam reveals that the efficacy of incorporating social features importantly depends on the number of users on the platform itself. Social features can help freemium products become a superstar when the platform's installed base is large, but they hinder a freemium product's success when the platform's installed base is small.
Agile Softwareentwicklung in Bauprojekten – Ein Bericht aus dem Forschungsprojekt DigitalTWIN
Authors: Schmid Fabian , Kopriwa Philipp , Schüle Tobias 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDas Projektmanagement im Bauwesen ist geprägt von vielschichtigen und zahlreichen Abhängigkeiten, großen Projektvolumen, veränderlichen Randbedingungen und langen Laufzeiten. Da sich Kriterien, Einschätzungen und Meinungen verändern oder erst im Projektverlauf eindeutig werden, benötigt es strukturierte und definierte Planungsgrundlagen sowie flexible Handlungsmöglichkeiten. Im Forschungsprojekt DigitalTWIN bilden deshalb digitale Werkzeuge für das Projektmanagement einen wichtigen Schwerpunkt. Die Implementierung agil entwickelter Softwarefunktionen im Projektverlauf von Gitterschalenkonstruktionen und Seilnetzfassaden zeigt exemplarisch die Vorteile einer engen Kopplung zwischen Projektbeteiligten und Experten der Datenwissenschaft und der Softwaretechnik. Tatsächliche Projektabläufe werden schneller und präziser bewertbar, strukturierte Prozessentwicklungen können datenbasiert abgeleitet werden und erprobte Workflows werden situativ angepasst, ohne den Bezug zur wachsenden Datenbasis zu verlieren. Der Aufsatz leitet zu Managementmethoden ein und zeigt beispielhaft, wie in Bauprojekten durch individuelle Softwareentwicklung aus relevanten Daten schneller Wissen und Handlungsempfehlungen abgeleitet werden können. Die erforderlichen Cloud‐Infrastrukturen, die Plattformtechnologien und Methoden werden dabei in Demonstratoren sukzessive entwickelt und geben einen Ausblick, wie mit verteilten IT‐Systemen trotzdem strukturiert, schnell, umfassend, digital und vertrauenswürdig zusammengearbeitet werden kann.
Faster and less invasive tools to identify patients with ileal colonization by adherent‐invasive E. coli in Crohn's disease
Authors: Buisson Anthony , Vazeille Emilie , Fumery Mathurin , Pariente Benjamin , Nancey Stéphane , Seksik Philippe , Peyrin‐Biroulet Laurent , Allez Matthieu , Ballet Nathalie , Filippi Jérôme , Yzet Clara , Nachury Maria , Boschetti Gilles , Billard Elisabeth , Dubois Anaëlle , Rodriguez Stéphanie , Chevarin Caroline , Goutte Marion , Bommelaer Gilles , Pereira Bruno , Hebuterne Xavier , Barnich Nicolas ,   the CEALIVE & REMIND study group
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsThe identification of Crohn's disease (CD)‐associated adherent and invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) is time‐consuming and requires ileal biopsies. We aimed to identify a faster and less invasive methods to detect ileal colonization by AIEC in CD patients.MethodsCD patients requiring ileo‐colonoscopy were consecutively enrolled in this prospective multicenter study. Samples from saliva, serum, stools, and ileal biopsies of CD patients were collected.ResultsAmong 102 CD patients, the prevalence of AIEC on ileal biopsies was 24.5%. The abundance and global invasive ability of ileal‐associated total E. coli were respectively ten‐fold (p = 0.0065) and two‐fold (p = 0.0007) higher in AIEC‐positive (vs. AIEC‐negative), while abundance of total E. coli in the feces was not correlated with AIEC status in the ileum. The best threshold of ileal total E. coli was 60 cfu/biopsy to detect AIEC‐positive patients, with high negative predictive value (NPV) (94.1%[80.3–99.3]), while the global invasive ability (>9000 internalized bacteria) was able to detect the presence of AIEC with high positive predictive value (80.0% [55.2–100.0]). Overall, 78.1% of the AIEC + patients were colonized by two or less different AIEC strains. The level of serum anti‐total E. coli antibodies (AEcAb) was higher in AIEC‐positive patients (p = 0.038) with a very high negative predictive value (96.6% [89.9–100.0]) (p = 0.038) for a cut‐off value > 1.9 × 10−3.ConclusionsMore than two thirds of AIEC‐positive CD patients were colonized by two or less AIEC strains. While stools samples are not accurate to screen AIEC status, the AEcAb level appears to be an attractive, rapid and easier biomarker to identify patients with Crohn's disease harboring AIEC.
Dialectics of Technoscience
Authors: Zwart Hub 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDialectics is a philosophical method developed by Hegel (1770–1831), but building on an intellectual tradition whose origins can be traced back to ancient Greece. Dialectics was initially practiced as an educational technique for conducting philosophical discussions. For Hegel, however, dialectical processes can be discerned in the dramatic unfolding of nature, history and human thinking as such. The first dialectical thinker, in the genuine sense of the term, according to Hegel (1971), was Heraclitus (535 – c. 475 BC), in whose “obscure” aphorisms Hegel recognises the awareness that dialectics is more than merely a technique to foster critical reflection. Heraclitus already refers to a basic logic guiding the dynamics of nature as such, to a λόγος at work in actual processes of becoming and change, giving rise to contrasting and contradictory developments (“objective dialectics”, as Hegel phrases it). For dialectical thinkers, the dialectical method is fundamentally in tune with nature, because natureas suchis inherently dialectical. Hegel considered Aristotle as ancient philosophy’s most thoroughly dialectical thinker, as we have seen, while Hegel himself is regarded as a modern Aristotle (Beiser, 2005, p. 57; Pippin, 2019, p. 301).
From Affirmative Action to Inclusion
Authors: Bisson Linda F. , Grindstaff Laura , Paw U Kyaw Tha , Aldana Raquel E. , Barbu Sophie J. , Brazil-Cruz Lisceth , De La Torre Adela , de Leon Siantz Mary Lou , Flores Yvette G. , Jamison-McClung Denneal , Joseph Suad , Kass Philip H. , Katehi Linda , McDonald Karen , Moreno Josephine M. , Singh Binnie , Stanton Maureen , Sullivan Lisa 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAchieving a diverse and inclusive community requires establishing a culture of genuine equality for all members. Our purpose in writing this book is to share our collective knowledge about how to challenge the forces that enable and sustain discrimination in the workplace as informed by our experience developing and implementing the UC Davis ADVANCE program. The program’s goal is to create an inclusive academic community that reflects and serves the diverse population of California. In this introductory chapter, we emphasize the need to move from affirmative action programs, which have played an important role in fostering diversity, to a focus on institutional transformation, which requires not only changes in policy but also shifts in academic culture. Much of what we cover in this book is broadly applicable beyond academia and will interest those wanting to understand and address challenges to diversity, equity, and inclusion in their own organizations. Since workplaces differ in their goals, priorities, and culture, the book is not a “how to” manual but rather a collective effort to share with readers the approaches we took, the information we gathered, what we observed and experienced, and the lessons we learned along the way.
Disrupting Complacent Systems
Authors: Grindstaff Laura , Bisson Linda F. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this chapter, we characterize the academy as a “complacent system” resistant but not impervious to change, and we discuss how to overcome that resistance in the pursuit of diversity, equity, and inclusion. We outline best practices for disruption drawing upon what we learned during the implementation of the NSF ADVANCE program on our campus. We then offer some thoughts on the steps ahead, including resources for sustainability.
Energy-momentum tensor in QCD: nucleon mass decomposition and mechanical equilibrium
Authors: Lorcé Cédric , Metz Andreas , Pasquini Barbara , Rodini Simone 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We review and examine in detail recent developments regarding the question of the nucleon mass decomposition. We discuss in particular the virial theorem in quantum field theory and its implications for the nucleon mass decomposition and mechanical equilibrium. We reconsider the renormalization of the QCD energy-momentum tensor in minimal-subtraction-type schemes and the physical interpretation of its components, as well as the role played by the trace anomaly and Poincaré symmetry. We also study the concept of “quantum anomalous energy” proposed in some works as a new contribution to the nucleon mass. Examining the various arguments, we conclude that the quantum anomalous energy is not a genuine contribution to the mass sum rule, as a consequence of translation symmetry.
The worldsheet dual of free super Yang-Mills in 4D
Authors: Gaberdiel Matthias R. , Gopakumar Rajesh 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The worldsheet string theory dual to free 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 super Yang-Mills theory was recently proposed in [1]. It is described by a free field sigma model on the twistor space of AdS5 × S5, and is a direct generalisation of the corresponding model for tensionless string theory on AdS3 × S3. As in the case of AdS3, the worldsheet theory contains spectrally flowed representations. We proposed in [1] that in each such sector only a finite set of generalised zero modes (‘wedge modes’) are physical. Here we show that after imposing the appropriate residual gauge conditions, this worldsheet description reproduces precisely the spectrum of the planar gauge theory. Specifically, the states in the sector with w units of spectral flow match with single trace operators built out of w super Yang-Mills fields (‘letters’). The resulting physical picture is a covariant version of the BMN light-cone string, now with a finite number of twistorial string bit constituents of an essentially topological worldsheet.
Welche Rolle spielen Kinder in Schulen und Kindertagesstätten bei der Übertragung von SARS-CoV-2? – Eine evidenzbasierte Perspektive
Authors: Kern Anna , Diebenbusch Jessica , Berner Reinhard , Krägeloh-Mann Ingeborg , De Bock Freia , Renz-Polster Herbert , Hübner Johannes 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungSind Kinder und Jugendliche relevante Vektoren für die Übertragung von SARS-CoV-2? Und welche Rolle spielt es, wenn sie eine Schule oder Kindertagesstätte besuchen? Diese Fragen konnten zu Beginn der Pandemie nur unzureichend beantwortet werden. So wurden weltweit Schulen und Kinderbetreuungseinrichtungen geschlossen, um die Verbreitung von SARS-CoV‑2 einzudämmen. Inzwischen ist die Rolle von Kindern im Gesamtgeschehen der Pandemie jedoch klarer. Die Rate von SARS-CoV-2-Infektionen bei Kindern unter 10 Jahren war im Jahr 2020 deutlich niedriger als die bei Erwachsenen. Zudem zeigte sich bei Kindern ein deutlich milderer Verlauf der Erkrankung.Analysen zu Ausbrüchen an Schulen und Kinderbetreuungseinrichtungen kamen mehrheitlich zu dem Ergebnis, dass die Weitergabe des Virus in den Einrichtungen zwar stattfindet, jedoch das Infektionsgeschehen insgesamt nicht maßgeblich beeinflusst. Trotz dieser Erkenntnisse hält die deutsche Politik Schulschließungen weiterhin für einen integralen Baustein der Pandemiebekämpfung, wohingegen viele Fachgesellschaften, wie die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Infektiologie e. V. (DGPI), betonen, dass es sich um das letzte Mittel in der Bekämpfung der Pandemie handeln sollte. Diese Botschaft hat auch eine evidenzbasierte und auf interdisziplinärem Expertenkonsens aufgebaute S3-Leitlinie, die bereits Anfang Februar 2021 klare Empfehlungen für Zeiten hoher Inzidenzen in der Gesamtbevölkerung ausgesprochen hat, die Schulschließungen nur noch in Ausnahmefällen für notwendig erachten.In diesem Artikel möchten wir die Datenlage mit Stand Juni 2021 zu diesem Thema darlegen, einen Blick in die Zukunft wagen und diskutieren, unter welchen Umständen ein regulärer Präsenzunterricht gelingen kann, ohne das Risiko einer unkontrollierten Ausbreitung von SARS-CoV‑2 in Kauf nehmen zu müssen.
Zeitmanagement im OP – eine Querschnittstudie zur Bewertung der subjektiven und objektiven Dauer chirurgischer Prozeduren im HNO-Bereich
Authors: Zaubitzer Lena , Affolter Annette , Büttner Sylvia , Ludwig Sonja , Rotter Nicole , Scherl Claudia , von Wihl Sonia , Weiß Christel , Lammert Anne 
Published: November 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Gestaltung des Operations(Op.)-Programms im klinischen Alltag ist von hoher Wichtigkeit für die Wirtschaftlichkeit. Gleichzeitig muss die Einhaltung von Arbeitszeiten unterschiedlicher Berufsgruppen berücksichtigt werden.

Ziel der Arbeit
Um Fehlerquellen bei der Planung aufzudecken, wurden durch Chirurgen geschätzte mit objektiv erhobenen Zeiten (u. a. Schnitt-Naht-Zeit) verglichen.

Material und Methoden
In einer retrospektiven Analyse wurden 1809 Operationen im Jahr 2018 (22 verschiedene Op.-Arten) durch 31 Operateure (12 Fach- [FÄ] und 19 Assistenzärzte [AÄ]) hinsichtlich ihrer Dauer verglichen und mittels Mann-Whitney-U-Test auf Signifikanz geprüft.

Ergebnisse
Der Vergleich der objektiven Zeiten von FÄ und AÄ zeigt signifikante Unterschiede in der Schnitt-Naht-Zeit bzw. der Summe aus Schnitt-Naht-Zeit und Zeit der chirurgischen Maßnahmen für 6 von 15 Op.-Arten (p < 0,001). Die durch FÄ geschätzte Nachbereitungszeit wich bei 2 von 22 Op.-Arten von der objektiven Zeit ab (p < 0,05), die durch AÄ geschätzte Zeit bei 7 von 15 Op.-Arten (p < 0,05). Hinsichtlich der Schnitt-Naht-Zeit verschätzten sich FÄ bei 7 von 22 (p < 0,05), AÄ bei 3 von 15 (p < 0,05) Op.-Arten. Die durch FÄ geschätzte Vorbereitungszeit wich bei 16 von 22 Op.-Arten signifikant von der objektiven Zeit ab (p < 0,05), bei AÄ bei 7 von 15 (p < 0,001). Vor- und Nachbereitungszeiten wurden durch FÄ unter‑, Schnitt-Naht-Zeiten überschätzt. AÄ unterschätzten alle Zeiten.

Schlussfolgerung
Bei der OP-Planung muss die Erfahrung des durchführenden Chirurgen berücksichtigt werden. Eine Verbesserung durch verminderte subjektive Fehleinschätzung kann möglicherweise mithilfe spezieller Algorithmen gelingen.
Neoadjuvant fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy followed by piecemeal resection of brain metastasis: a case series of 20 patients
Authors: Deguchi Shoichi , Mitsuya Koichi , Yasui Kazuaki , Kimura Keisuke , Onoe Tsuyoshi , Ogawa Hirofumi , Asakura Hirofumi , Harada Hideyuki , Hayashi Nakamasa 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
The safety and effectiveness of neoadjuvant fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT) before piecemeal resection of brain metastasis (BM) remains unknown.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed 20 consecutive patients with BM who underwent neoadjuvant FSRT followed by piecemeal resection between July 2019 and March 2021. The prescribed dose regimens were as follows: 30 Gy (n = 11) or 35 Gy (n = 9) in five fractions.

Results
The mean follow-up duration was 7.8 months (range 2.2–22.3). The median age was 67 years (range 51–79). Fourteen patients were male. All patients were symptomatic. All tumors were located in the supratentorial compartment. The median maximum diameter and volume were 3.7 cm (range 2.6–4.9) and 17.6 cm3 (range 5.6–49.7), respectively. The median time from the end of FSRT to resection was 4 days (range 1–7). Nausea (CTCAE Grade 2) occurred in one patient and simple partial seizures (Grade 2) in two patients during radiation therapy. Gross total removal was performed in seventeen patients and sub-total removal in three patients. Postoperative complications were deterioration of paresis in two patients. Local recurrence was found in one patient (5.0%) who underwent sub-total resection at 2 months after craniotomy. Distant recurrence was found in six patients (30.0%) at a median of 6.9 months. Leptomeningeal disease recurrence was found in one patient (5.0%) at 3 months. No radiation necrosis developed.

Conclusions
Neoadjuvant FSRT appears to be a safe and effective approach for patients with BM requiring piecemeal resection. A multi-institutional prospective trial is needed.
Immune-Mediated Glycocalyx Remodeling in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Goonewardena Sascha N. , Grushko Olga G. , Wells Joanna , Herty Lauren , Rosenson Robert S. , Haus Jacob M. , Hummel Scott L. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Vascular and immune dysfunction are hallmarks of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Although our understanding of the pathogenesis of COVID-19 has rapidly evolved, much of the focus has been on the immune mechanisms underlying COVID-19. In addition to immune dysfunction, vascular injury is also associated with COVID-19 and is a major driver of clinical deterioration in SARS-CoV-2 infections. The glycocalyx (GAC), a sugar-based shell that surrounds all mammalian cells, is an important regulator of vascular and immune responses. In sepsis, vascular dysfunction contributes to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) by altering vessel integrity, promoting thrombosis, and accelerating inflammation, all of which are also present in COVID-19. Observational studies in sepsis have found an association between levels of circulating GAC degradation products with both organ dysfunction and mortality. Although vascular dysfunction is a hallmark of COVID-19, it remains unclear whether GAC disruption occurs in COVID-19 and if GAC disruption contributes to the clinical progression of COVID-19.

Methods
In this prospective cohort study, we measured the GAC components syndecan-1 (SDC1) and hyaluronan (Hyal) along with inflammatory cytokines in 12 hospitalized COVID-19 patients and 8 healthy controls (HC).

Results
In agreement with other studies, we found that inflammatory cytokines are elevated in hospitalized COVID-19 patients compared with HC [median (IQR), all units picograms per milliliter: IL-6 4.65 (3.32–9.16) vs 0.69 (0.55–0.89), p < 0.001; TNFα 4.49 (1.87–8.03) vs 0.04 (0.04–0.84), p < 0.001]. Additionally, we found that the GAC components SDC1 and Hyal are also elevated in COVID-19 patients [median (IQR), all units picograms per milliliter: SDC1: 247.37 (101.43–458.26) vs 84.8 (52.88–123.59), p = 0.036; Hyal: 26.41 (16.4–35.1) vs 3.01 (1.66–4.61), p < 0.001].

Conclusion
We propose that GAC markers offer insights into the pathobiology of COVID-19, potentially guide therapeutic approaches, and could aid in early risk stratification that is particularly beneficial in phasic diseases such as COVID-19.