bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les tensions et arbitrages au cœur de la professionnalisation politique intermédiaire
Authors: Lefebvre Rémi 
Published: February 2021

L’article porte sur les cas de professionnalisation politique intermédiaire et une catégorie spécifique d’élus (les adjoints de communes urbaines) et leur rapport à la rémunération. Il s’appuie sur un corpus de 56 entretiens. Comment les adjoints arrivent-ils à concilier leur métier et leur mandat, souvent chronophage, alors qu’ils ne peuvent vivre exclusivement de leurs indemnités ? Quelles sont les conditions de possibilité de cette conciliation ? À quelles réalités économiques correspond-elle ? Les adjoints sont-ils en mesure de moduler activité professionnelle et activité politique pour ajuster leurs sources de revenus ? La rémunération est certes le résultat de calculs d’utilité mais les transactions dont elle relève sont socialement situées et s’apparentent à des arbitrages. Si la situation des élus est source de tensions financières et personnelles entre leur engagement politique, leur activité professionnelle et la sphère « hors-travail », l’enquête montre que ces élus recherchent un équilibre entre ces divers éléments. Trois séries de variables sont analysées : l’investissement dans le mandat et le montant de l’indemnité perçue, le type de profession occupée et l’inscription dans la sphère familiale.
Députés du commun : représentation et gouvernement des pueblos en Espagne (1766-1812)
Authors: Acosta Carlos Garriga 
Published: February 2021

Ce travail traite de la réforme municipale imposée dans la monarchie espagnole par la disposition royale du 5 mai 1766, à partir et comme conséquence des émeutes des semaines précédentes dans des dizaines de villes et villages de la monarchie. Cette réforme visait à compenser l’exclusion de la plèbe par l’inclusion corporative du peuple. En suivant le fil directeur des députés du commun qui devaient être élus annuellement par le peuple de chaque localité pour participer à la gestion des approvisionnements, le texte aborde successivement les premières tentatives d’implantation, très variables selon les territoires, de cette institution, puis la réglementation uniforme décrétée, en réaction à cette diversité, par l’Instruction du 26 juin 1766, qui établissait légalement ce que l’on devait comprendre par « élections populaires ». On aborde ensuite le débat sur le caractère idoine de ces élections pour la désignation des gouvernants locaux, toujours très lié à la problématique de leur organisation pratique. Le chapitre se termine par une brève considération générale sur cette expérience électorale sur le plan constitutionnel, suggérant qu’elle contribua fortement à modeler la conception et la pratique de la citoyenneté qui éclot avec la Constitution de 1812.
L’administration des campagnes de l’empire avant « l’ordre public », entre besoins de justice et gouvernement des populations (1759-1808)
Authors: Barriera Darío , Godicheau François 
Published: February 2021

En partant de la compréhension de l’administration valide au XVIIIe siècle dans la monarchie espagnole à la fois comme gouvernement, direction d’une institution, et comme non séparée de l’univers de la justice et du politique, ce texte aborde une figure présente en deux points très différents de l’empire : l’ouest de Cuba d’une part, et la Vice-Royauté du Río de la Plata de l’autre. La figure des juges, capitaines, ou gouverneur pedáneos, opérant dans les espaces subordonnés qu’étaient les campagnes et où vivaient une grande majorité de la population, représente un angle mort d’une historiographie longtemps orientée par l’idée du déploiement dans les espaces ruraux d’un « État » qui ne pouvait à l’époque être autre chose qu’une idée dans l’esprit de quelques-uns. En étudiant ces personnages à la fois juges et gouverneurs, on s’aperçoit que l’initiative de l’institutionnalisation et même la délimitation de leurs fonctions faisaient partie d’un dialogue entre le pouvoir souverain et les populations locales.
Effect of Job Promotion on The Performance of Civil Servants AT The Regional Office of The Ministry of Religion of Banten Province Mediated By Job Satisfaction
Authors: Encep Saefullah  
Published: February 2021

This study aims to determine the direct effect of job promotion on employee performance and job satisfaction, the direct effect of job satisfaction on employee performance and the effect of job promotion on employee performance through job satisfaction as an intervening variable.
Data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires. This study used quantitative data analysis with SPSS version 23. The total population was 205 ASN employees in the Regional Office of the Ministry of Religion, Banten Province. Samples were collected using random sampling technique, which obtained 67 respondents.
The results of this study indicated that Job Promotion had a direct influence on employee performance, Job Promotion had no direct effect on job satisfaction, Job Satisfaction had no direct effect on employee performance and the indirect effect of Job Promotion on Employee Performance through Job Satisfaction showed a smaller percentage compared with the percentage of direct effect.

Keywords: Job Promotion, Employee Performance, Job Satisfaction
Clinical Evaluation of Upanaha with Vachadi Churna in the Management of Osteoarthritis Knee
Authors: Makhija Deepa , Deep VC , Mata Sunita , Sharma Ramavtar , Shankar KM Pratap , Charde Vaibhav A , Singhal Richa , Rana Rakesh , Kumar Adarsh , Gupta Bharti , Srikanth N 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease and is the commonest form of arthritis. It is the fourth leading cause of disability worldwide. Most of this disability burden is attributable to the involvement of the hips or the knee.

Objectives:
To assess the clinical efficacy of Upanaha with Vachadi Churna in the management of OA knee concerning pain and stiffness of joints.

Materials and methods:
It was an open-label, multicentric, single-arm, prospective, clinical study. Sixty subjects of primary OA knee aged between 35 years and 65 years fulfilling the diagnostic criteria of American College of Rheumatology (ACR) for OA knee and showing radiological changes of OA knee were enrolled in the study. Upanaha with Vachadi Churna was done over the affected knee for 14 days. The primary outcome was to see any change in pain and stiffness of joints which was assessed on the visual analog scale (VAS) and Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). The assessment was done on the 7th and 14th day and 1 week after completion of therapy, i.e., 21st day.

Results:
The mean pain score as assessed by VAS, reduced significantly from 64.48 at baseline to 31.95 at the end of the treatment period of 14 days (p value < 0.001). The mean stiffness score assessed on VAS also reduced significantly from 39.68 at baseline to 16.0 after 14 days (p value < 0.001). Significant change in total WOMAC score was also observed, which reduced from mean baseline score of 48.02 to 26.98 till the end of the intervention period of 14 days (p value < 0.001). Significant improvement in cardinal features of osteoarthritis was also observed after completion of therapy.

Conclusion:
This study substantiates the efficacy of Upanaha with Vachadi Churna in the management of OA knee.
Politiniai ryšiai su visuomene: siekis pateikti visuomenei realiai atliekamus darbus ar priemonė oponetus kaltinti netinkama veikla
Authors: Matkevičienė Renata 
Published: February 2021

Viešojoje erdvėje, ypač artėjant politiniams rinkimams, aštrėja politikų tarpusavio komunikacinės kovos, kuriose jie dažnai vieni kitus kaltina viešųjų ryšių technologijų naudojimu. Politika yra ta sritis, kuri ir paskatino šiuolaikinių ryšių su visuomene atsiradimą, kai yra informuojama visuomenė, pristatomos idėjos, organizuojamos diskusijos ir pan. Politikoje ryšiai su visuomene yra būtini ne tik politinių rinkimų kampanijų metu, bet ir kasdien, nes tik politikai ir politinės institucijos gali užtikrinti ir pačios politikos vykdymą: formuoti vyriausybes, koalicijas, spręsti valstybės svarbos klausimus, ieškoti kompromisų derantis partijoje ar su skirtingų partijų atstovais, verslininkais, kitų šalių politikais. Politiniai ryšiai su visuomene aprėpia labai platų komunikacijos spektrą, tad tampa apmaudu, kai viešojoje erdvėje politikai viešuosius ryšius vertina tik kaip būdą būti matomiems, populiariems.
Šio straipsnio tikslas – atskleisti politinių ryšių su visuomene ypatumus, išryškinti politinių ryšių su visuomene dalyvius, veiklos principus, siekiant paneigti žiniasklaidoje ir visuomenėje vyraujančius mitus apie viešųjų ryšių veiklą.
Straipsnyje analizuojama politinių ryšių su visuomene veikla, aptariama jos specifika ir aspektai. Autorė siekia ne tik išryškinti veiklos specifiką, bet ir aptarti viešojoje erdvėje egzistuojančius mitus, siejamus su politine komunikacija, viešaisiais ryšiais.
Secrets of Search in the Enterprise Network
Authors: Смазневич И. , Краснов Ф. 
Published: February 2021

Создание эффективной системы поиска в информационных ресурсах организации невозможно без учета специфики корпоративной сети, не позволяющей применять популярные в Интернете алгоритмы поиска без потери быстродействия и точности поиска.
Creating an effective search system in an organization’s informational resources is impossible without taking into account the specifics of the corporate network, which does not allow using popular Internet search algorithms without losing the speed and accuracy of the search.
Pengaruh Komunikasi Internal Terhadap Produktivitas Kerja Karyawan Bidang Tata Graha Pada Hotel Berbintang Di Kecamatan Ajibata Kabupaten Toba Samosir
Authors: Hamdani Muhammad 
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis komunikasi internal dan produktivitas kerja karyawan di hotel berbintang di Kecamatan Ajibata Kabupaten Toba Samosir. Untuk mengetahui apakah komunikasi internal berpengaruh signifikan terhadap produktivitas kerja karyawan di bidang tata graha. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan jenis penelitian metode kuantitatif. Data penelitian dikumpulkan dari 15 orang responden, jawaban responden tersebut kemudian diolah dengan menggunakan program SPSS dengan melakukan uji validitas, uji reliabilitas, serta uji regresi linear sederhana. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa komunikasi internal berpengaruh hanya sebesar 3,6 % terhadap produktivitas kerja. Dilihat dari hasil tersebut bahwa dapat dikatakan komunikasi internal hanya berpengaruh sedikit terhadap produktivitas kerja.
Pengaruh Budaya Organisasi Dan Kepuasan Kerja Terhadap Komitmen Dan Intensi Turnover Di Hotel Pardede International Medan
Authors: Siregar Pandapotan Nauli Sun 
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: Menguji dan menjelaskan berikut ini: Pengaruh Budaya Organisasi terhadap Komitmen ; Pengaruh Budaya Organisasi terhadap intensi turnover;Pengaruh kepuasan kerja terhadap komitmen; Pengaruh kepuasan kerja terhadap intensi turnover; Pengaruh komitmen terhadap intensi turnover; Pengaruh tidak langsung budaya organisasi terhadap intensi turnover melalui komitmen organisasi; Pengaruh tidak langsung kepuasan kerja terhadap intensi turnover melalui komitmen. Respoden sejumlah 109 orang, seluruh karyawan hotel. Data dianalisis dengan model persamaan struktural . Hasil penelitian yakni: Budaya Organisasi berpengaruh langsung positif dan tidak signifikan terhadap Komitmen Organisasi; Budaya Organisasi berpengaruh langsung positif dan tidak signifikan terhadap intensi turnover; Kepuasan kerja berpengaruh langsung positif dan tidak signifikan terhadap komitmen organisasi; Kepuasan kerja berpengaruh langsung negatif dan tidak signifikan terhadap intensi turnover; Komitmen organisasi berpengaruh langsung negatif dan tidak signifikan terhadap niat pindah karyawan; Budaya organisasi berpengaruh tidak langsung negatif dan tidak signifikan terhadap intensi turnover melalui komitmen organisasi; Kepuasan kerja berpengaruh tidak langsung negatif dan tidak signifikan terhadap intensi turnover melalui komitmen organisasi
Dôvera: ziektekostenverzekeringen en het ondernemingsbegrip – onzekerheid verzekerd?
Authors: Reuder B.M.M. 
Published: February 2021

Dôvera: ziektekostenverzekeringen en het ondernemingsbegrip – onzekerheid verzekerd?
In dit artikel wordt het arrest in de staatssteunzaak Dôvera besproken, waarin het Hof van Justitie heeft geoordeeld dat Slowaakse zorgverzekeraars geen ondernemingen zijn in de zin van de Europese mededingingsregels, nadat het Gerecht had geoordeeld dat zij wel als ondernemingen moesten worden gezien. Dit artikel bespreekt achtereenvolgens het ondernemingsbegrip in de context van socialezekerheidsstelsels, de verschillende oordelen in de Dôvera-zaak en de betekenis van het arrest van het Hof van Justitie voor de toepasselijkheid van mededingingsregels op Nederlandse zorgverzekeraars.HvJ 11 juni 2020, gevoegde zaken C-262/18 P en C-271/18 P, ECLI:EU:C:2020:450 (Commissie/Dôvera zdravotná poist’ovňa).
Loss of Heterozygosity Patterns of Sclerosing Hemangioma of the Lung and Bronchioloalveolar Carcinoma Indicate a Similar Molecular Pathogenesis
Authors: Dacic Sanja , Sasatomi Eizaburo , Swalsky Patricia A. , Kim Dong Won , Finkelstein Sydney D. , Yousem Samuel A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Context.—The histogenesis and origin of sclerosing hemangioma (SH) of lung were uncertain for many years. Many immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and recent molecular studies support the hypothesis that SH is a neoplasm originating from the cells of the terminal lobular unit, similar to the nonmucinous variant of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC). Most cases of SH are benign, but they can metastasize to the regional lymph nodes.
Objective.—To compare the patterns of allelic loss of tumor suppressor genes in SH and BAC by microdissection-based genotypic analysis.
Design.—Microdissection-based loss of heterozygosity analysis of 9 cases of SH and 14 cases of BAC, using a panel of 7 polymorphic microsatellite markers located on 1p, 5q, 9p, 10q, and 17p. Microsatellite marker and chromosomal arm–based fractional allelic loss (FAL) were calculated in each case.
Results.—Our results showed similar patterns of allelic loss between the 2 groups of tumors on an individual case basis. Chromosomal arms 5q and 10q showed frequent allelic loss in SH (66.7% and 62.5%, respectively), whereas in BAC, chromosomal arm 17p (52.6%) was frequently affected. A statistically significant difference in allelic loss between SH and BAC was located only on chromosomal arm 5q (P = .04). Microsatellite marker D5S615 was significantly more frequently affected in SH than in BAC (66.7% vs 28.6%; P = .04).
Conclusion.—Our molecular data support the hypothesis of common origin of SH and BAC. A putative tumor suppressor gene that might play a role in tumorigenesis of SH may be located on the chromosomal arm 5q.
Large Esophageal Liposarcoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Garcia Monica , Buitrago Efren , Bejarano Pablo A. , Casillas Javier 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Liposarcoma is one of the most common neoplasms of adulthood. However, it is exceedingly rare in the gastrointestinal tract. To our knowledge, only 12 cases occurring in the esophagus have been reported in the world literature to date. We report the case of a 42-year-old man with a pleomorphic liposarcoma arising in the esophageal wall. The morphologic, immunophenotypic, and ultrastructural characteristics are presented, as well as the results of literature review.
Distinguishing Small Cell Carcinoma From Non–Small Cell Carcinoma of the Lung: Correlating Cytologic Features and Performance in the College of American Pathologists Non-Gynecologic Cytology Program
Authors: Renshaw Andrew A. , Voytek Theresa M. , Haja Jennifer , Wilbur David C. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractContext.—The cytologic features of small cell carcinoma of the lung are well described. Nevertheless, some small cell carcinomas may be difficult to reproducibly distinguish from non–small cell carcinomas, and this distinction carries significant clinical importance.Objective.—To correlate the cytologic features of individual cases of small cell carcinoma of the lung in fine-needle aspiration specimens from the College of American Pathologists Non-Gynecologic Peer Comparison Cytology Program with the frequency of misclassification as non– small cell carcinoma.Design.—We reviewed 1185 interpretations of 23 different cases of small cell carcinoma in lung fine-needle aspiration specimens and correlated the cytologic features noted in these cases with performance in the program.Results.—Cases were divided into those that were frequently misclassified as non–small cell carcinoma (at least 10% of the responses, 11 cases) and those that were infrequently misclassified as non–small cell carcinoma (&lt;5% of all responses, 12 cases). All cases had areas on the slides with classic features of small cell carcinoma. However, 10 of 11 cases that were frequently misclassified as non–small cell carcinoma had cells with either increased cytoplasm (4 cases), cytoplasmic globules (so-called paranuclear blue bodies) (3 cases), or apparent intracytoplasmic lumina (3 cases). These features were not identified in cases that were infrequently misclassified (P = .005). In addition, cases more frequently misclassified as non–small cell carcinoma tended to show better overall cellular and group preservation.Conclusions.—Frequent misclassification of small cell carcinoma as non–small cell carcinoma in lung fine-needle aspiration specimens in this program correlates strongly with the presence of cytoplasmic features that may suggest non–small cell carcinoma or with the presence of paranuclear blue bodies. Misclassification in this program may reflect a variety of factors, including the variation in the cytologic features of individual cases, but also the lack of wide recognition that some features of non–small cell carcinoma may also be noted in well-preserved cases of small cell carcinoma.
A Fast and Simple High-Performance Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry Method for Simultaneous Measurement of Whole Blood Tacrolimus and Sirolimus
Authors: Wang Sihe , Magill Jenny E. , Vicente Faye B. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Context.—Combined immunosuppressant therapy using tacrolimus and sirolimus has demonstrable benefits. Simultaneous chromatographic monitoring of whole blood tacrolimus and sirolimus is useful for reducing reagent consumption and turnaround time. We report here a simple and rapid method using high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry for simultaneous measurement of whole blood tacrolimus and sirolimus.
Objective.—To develop and validate a high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry method that is suitable for clinical laboratories and that is simple, rapid, and cost-effective.
Design.—Whole blood (80 μL) was mixed with zinc sulfate solution, followed by protein precipitation with acetonitrile containing the internal standards. After brief centrifugation, the supernatant (20 μL) was injected onto a C18 guard column. The drug and the internal standard ammonium adducts were monitored by multiple reaction monitoring. One-point calibration at levels of 200 ng/mL (249 nM) tacrolimus and 100 ng/mL (109 nM) sirolimus was prepared by adding tacrolimus and sirolimus to immunosuppressant-free whole blood.
Results.—The assay took 2.5 minutes per sample injection. The total imprecision was between 2.46% and 7.04% for tacrolimus and between 5.22% and 8.30% for sirolimus across the concentrations tested. No carryover was observed, and recoveries were 92% to 98% for tacrolimus and 100% for sirolimus at all levels tested. The tacrolimus was linear from 0.52 to 155.5 ng/mL (0.65–193.4 nM), and sirolimus was linear from 0.47 to 94.8 ng/mL (0.51–103.7 nM). Biases of correlations with commercial methods were within 7%.
Conclusions.—This improved method is simple, fast, cost-effective, and suitable for clinical laboratories. It has been implemented for routine clinical monitoring of posttransplantation immunosuppressant therapy.
Primary Breast Lymphoma Cytologic Diagnosis
Authors: Vardar Enver , Ozkok Guliz , Cetinel Mehtap , Postaci Hakan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Primary non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the breast is a rare pathology, and bilateral involvement is exceptional. We report a case of bilateral primary non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the breast in a 40-year-old woman. Predominantly atypical lymphocytes and rare plasma cells were found in the microscopic evaluation of the fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the right and left breasts. Microscopic findings of the incisional biopsy of the left breast were in accordance with non-Hodgkin diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The patient received systemic chemotherapy and is alive with no evidence of recurrence for 2 years.
Monophasic Synovial Sarcoma of the Liver
Authors: Srivastava Amitabh , Nielsen Petur G. , Cin Paola Dal , Rosenberg Andrew E. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We report a hepatic monophasic synovial sarcoma in a 60-year-old woman who presented with right upper quadrant pain subsequent to an intrahepatic bleed from a highly vascular tumor mass. Imaging studies showed a dominant tumor mass in the right hepatic lobe with multiple satellite nodules. A detailed physical examination and radiologic workup failed to reveal a primary tumor elsewhere. A right partial hepatectomy was performed with a preoperative differential diagnosis of angiosarcoma versus hepatocellular carcinoma. The morphologic, immunophenotypic, and cytogenetic findings (t(X;18)(p11.2;icq11.2)) were consistent with a monophasic synovial sarcoma. Postoperative clinical evaluation of the extremities and a positron emission tomographic scan performed 4 weeks after surgery showed no evidence of recurrent or metastatic disease. The patient was started on an aggressive 4-drug chemotherapy regimen, but died 3 months thereafter from widespread metastatic disease. No autopsy was performed. The presence of multiple lesions in the liver certainly suggests the possibility of metastatic disease. It would, however, be very unusual for a synovial sarcoma to present as an occult primary, and the negative radiologic workup 1 month after the partial hepatectomy also argues against this possibility. The clinical presentation, radiographic findings, and subsequent course in this patient was therefore most consistent with a primary monophasic synovial sarcoma of the liver.
Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma Involving an Enlarging Complex Renal Cyst
Authors: Iczkowski Kenneth A. , Gapin Tracy B. , Wajsman Zev 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A 47-year-old white man presented for evaluation of a complex right renal mass. He had a history of human immunodeficiency virus. Cervical lymph node biopsy had revealed small lymphocytic lymphoma. Computed tomographic scan disclosed diffuse mesenteric and retroperitoneal adenopathy consistent with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, as well as a 4.5-cm complex cystic right renal mass, which 17 months later enlarged to 6.2 cm. The mass resembled multiloculated cystic nephroma. Partial nephrectomy revealed infiltration of the cyst wall by small lymphocytic lymphoma. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of lymphoma arising in or colonizing a renal cyst.