bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intravital imaging of the murine subventricular zone with three photon microscopy
Authors: Sun Bin , Wang Mengran , Hoerder-Suabedissen Anna , Xu Chris , Packer Adam M , Szele Francis G 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The mouse subventricular zone (SVZ) produces neurons throughout life. It is useful for mechanism discovery and is relevant for regeneration. However, the SVZ is deep, significantly restricting live imaging since current methods do not extend beyond a few hundred microns. We developed and adapted three-photon microscopy (3PM) for non-invasive deep brain imaging in live mice, but its utility in imaging the SVZ niche was unknown. Here, with fluorescent dyes and genetic labeling, we show successful 3PM imaging in the whole SVZ, extending to a maximum depth of 1.5 mm ventral to the dura mater. 3PM imaging distinguished multiple SVZ cell types in postnatal and juvenile mice. We also detected fine processes on neural stem cells interacting with the vasculature. Previous live imaging removed overlying cortical tissue or lowered lenses into the brain, which could cause inflammation and alter neurogenesis. We found that neither astrocytes nor microglia become activated in the SVZ, suggesting 3PM does not induce major damage in the niche. Thus, we show for the first time 3PM imaging of the SVZ in live mice. This strategy could be useful for intravital visualization of cell dynamics, molecular, and pathological perturbation and regenerative events.
Health, Wealth, and Voting Trajectories in Later Life
Authors: Engelman Michal , Joo Won-tak , Fletcher Jason , Burden Barry 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Much of what we know about voting behaviors is based on cross-sectional comparisons of voters at different ages. This study draws on a unique linkage between the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study and state voter files to characterize voting trajectories in later life and explore their determinants.

Methods
Using sequence analysis, we identify 5 voting typologies based on turnout and voting methods over 8 biennial elections. Using multinomial logistic and Poisson regressions, we examine the role of physical, cognitive, and mental health and wealth in shaping enfranchisement and civic participation at older ages.

Results
Health and wealth are both positively associated with voter turnout, but the negative impact of poor health on voting declines with increasing wealth. Voting at the polls and early voting are more common among healthier older adults, whereas absentee voting is more common among older voters who are more affluent, less healthy, or both. Among those less wealthy, absentee methods mitigate the impact of poor health for previously active voters, but do not compensate for a lower turnout rate. In addition to physical and cognitive limitations, emotional difficulties and depression reduce turnout, particularly among the least wealthy.

Discussion
In this sample of older, largely White, primarily Midwestern committed voters, civic participation at older ages is shaped by individual experiences with wealth and health across the life course as well as political structures that facilitate or restrict the ability of individuals to consistently participate in elections.
Chest wall stabilization and rib fixation using a nitinol screwless system in selected patients after blunt trauma: long-term results in a single-centre experience
Authors: Hojski Aljaz , Xhambazi Arben , Wiese Mark Nikolaj , Subotic Dragan , Bachmann Helga , Lardinois Didier 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
First experiences with rib fixation using nitinol, in terms of reliability and morbidity, influence on pain control and quality of life (QOL), in a large series of selected patients after blunt chest trauma.

METHODS
Data of all patients who had undergone rib fixation by the use of nitinol were retrospectively analysed in terms of indications, morbidity and in-hospital mortality. Pain status and health-related QOL were assessed preoperatively, when possible, at discharge and at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months post-surgery using visual analogous scale and short form 12 questionnaires.

RESULTS
From September 2017 to April 2019, 70 patients underwent rib fixation using the nitinol device, of which 47 (67%) had dislocated, painful fractures, 6 (8.5%) had flail chest injuries, 6 (8.5%) were emergencies with haemodynamical instability and 11 (16%) had pseudoarthrosis. Morbidity was 21% without wound infection; in-hospital mortality was 3%. Fracture of the material occurred in 6% of the patients during the first year, but removal of the material was not required. Analysis of the pain score showed a statistically significant decrease in pain for both the whole collective and the group with a series of dislocated and painful fractured ribs (P &lt; 0.001, Tukey contrast on the linear mixed-effects models). Assessment of health-related QOL revealed a significant improvement in the physical score for the mid- and long-term analysis.

CONCLUSIONS
Our results suggest that rib fixation using the nitinol device is reliable, associated with an acceptable morbidity, while significantly decreasing pain and improving health-related QOL.
Varicella Zoster Virus Impairs Expression of the Nonclassical Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I–Related Gene Protein (MR1)
Authors: Purohit Shivam K , Samer Carolyn , McWilliam Hamish E G , Traves Renee , Steain Megan , McSharry Brian P , Kinchington Paul R , Tscharke David C , Villadangos Jose A , Rossjohn Jamie , Abendroth Allison , Slobedman Barry 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The antigen presentation molecule MR1 (major histocompatibility complex, class I–related) presents ligands derived from the riboflavin (vitamin B) synthesis pathway, which is not present in mammalian species or viruses, to mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells. In this study, we demonstrate that varicella zoster virus (VZV) profoundly suppresses MR1 expression. We show that VZV targets the intracellular reservoir of immature MR1 for degradation, while preexisting, ligand-bound cell surface MR1 is protected from such targeting, thereby highlighting an intricate temporal relationship between infection and ligand availability. We also identify VZV open reading frame (ORF) 66 as functioning to suppress MR1 expression when this viral protein is expressed during transient transfection, but this is not apparent during infection with a VZV mutant virus lacking ORF66 expression. This indicates that VZV is likely to encode multiple viral genes that target MR1. Overall, we identify an immunomodulatory function of VZV whereby infection suppresses the MR1 biosynthesis pathway.
Differential use of p24 family members as cargo receptors for the transport of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins and Wnt1
Authors: Tashima Yuko , Hirata Tetsuya , Maeda Yusuke , Murakami Yoshiko , Kinoshita Taroh 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Complexes of p24 proteins act as cargo receptors for the transport of COPII vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The major cargos of p24 complexes are hydrophilic proteins tethered to the ER membrane via a covalently attached glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) or fatty acid. Each p24 complex is known to contain members from all four p24 subfamilies (p24α, p24β, p24γ and p24δ). However, it remains unclear how the cargo specificities of p24 complexes are influenced by member stoichiometry. Here, we report the subunit compositions of mammalian p24 complexes involved in the transport of GPI-anchored proteins and Wnt1. We show that at least one p24α is required for the formation of p24 complexes and that a p24 complex consisting of p24α2, p24β1, p24γ2 and p24δ1 is required for the efficient transport of GPI-anchored proteins. On the other hand, a p24 complex containing p24α2, p24α3, p24β1, p24γ and p24δ1 is involved in the transport of Wnt1. Further, interactions between p24α2 and p24α3 are critical for Wnt1 transport. Thus, p24α and p24γ subfamily members are important for cargo selectivity. Lastly, our data fit with an octamer, rather than a tetramer, model of p24 complexes, where each complex consists of two proteins from each p24 subfamily.
Completion lower lobectomy after basal segmentectomy for pulmonary sclerosing pneumocytoma with lymph node metastasis
Authors: Komatsu Hiroaki , Izumi Nobuhiro , Tsukioka Takuma , Inoue Hidetoshi , Ito Ryuichi , Nishiyama Noritoshi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A 20-year-old man was referred to our hospital because of a tumor in his left lung. Chest computed tomography showed a 35-mm nodule in the left lower lung lobe. Bronchoscopic examination and cryobiopsy were performed, which revealed suspicion for sclerosing pneumocytoma. We performed basal segmentectomy, and intraoperative-frozen pathological examination revealed no metastases in the segmental lymph nodes. However, the postoperative pathological diagnosis revealed metastasis in these nodes. We performed additional resection of segment 6 (completion lower lobectomy) and hilar and mediastinal lymph node dissection 2 weeks after the first surgery. The postoperative course was favorable, and the patient was discharged 13 days after the second surgery. Pathological examination of the additional resected specimens revealed lymph node metastases in the interlobar and mediastinal lymph nodes. Pulmonary sclerosing pneumocytoma with lymph node metastasis is extremely rare, and its prognosis is unclear. Recurrence has been reported rarely, and long-term follow-up is required.
Successful Orthotopic Heart Transplantation in a Patient with Anti-U Antibody
Authors: Hughes Caitlin , Sterling Brent , Andrews Jennifer 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objective
The U (universal) antigen is part of the MNS blood group present at a frequency of nearly 100% in Caucasians and 98% of African Americans. The anti-U antibody is clinically significant and has been reported to cause hemolytic transfusion reactions and hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn.

Methods
Routine forward and backward typing, direct antiglobulin testing, and an antibody screen were performed. In addition, red blood cell phenotype and adsorption studies were also performed.

Results
The patient was found to have a rare anti-U antibody, rendering all available inventory in our hospital incompatible for transfusion.

Conclusion
This is the first reported case of solid organ transplantation in a patient with an anti-U alloantibody. Appropriate pretransplant evaluation and coordination between the clinical team and transfusion medicine service must be optimized to procure rare packed red blood cell units in a timely manner.
Atmospheric characterization of hot Jupiters using hierarchical models of Spitzer observations
Authors: Keating Dylan , Cowan Nicolas B 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
The field of exoplanet atmospheric characterization is trending towards comparative studies involving many planetary systems, and using Bayesian hierarchical modelling is a natural next step. Here we demonstrate two use cases. We first use hierarchical modelling to quantify variability in repeated observations by reanalysing a suite of 10 Spitzer secondary eclipse observations of the hot Jupiter XO-3 b. We compare three models: one where we fit 10 separate eclipse depths, one where we use a single eclipse depth for all 10 observations, and a hierarchical model. By comparing the widely applicable information criterion of each model, we show that the hierarchical model is preferred over the others. The hierarchical model yields less scatter across the suite of eclipse depths – and higher precision on the individual eclipse depths – than does fitting the observations separately. We find that the hierarchical eclipse depth uncertainty is larger than the uncertainties on the individual eclipse depths, which suggests either slight astrophysical variability or that single eclipse observations underestimate the true eclipse depth uncertainty. Finally, we fit a suite of published dayside brightness measurements for 37 planets using a hierarchical model of brightness temperature versus irradiation temperature. The hierarchical model gives tighter constraints on the individual brightness temperatures than the non-hierarchical model. Although we tested hierarchical modelling on Spitzer eclipse data of hot Jupiters, it is applicable to observations of smaller planets like hot Neptunes and super-Earths, as well as for photometric and spectroscopic transit or phase-curve observations.
Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope unveils steep-spectrum antique filaments in the galaxy cluster Abell 725
Authors: Pandge M B , Kale Ruta , Dabhade Pratik , Mahato Mousumi , Raychaudhury Somak 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
We present original Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) radio observations of the galaxy cluster Abell 725, at a redshift (z) of 0.09, along with other archival observations. Our GMRT maps reveal two steep-spectrum diffuse filaments in the cluster, along with a previously reported arc-like structure, and a wide-angle-tail (WAT) radio source associated with the brightest cluster galaxy (BCG) at the periphery of the cluster. The bent morphology of the WAT indicates that its jets have been swept back by the dynamic pressure resulting from the motion of the BCG through the surrounding intracluster medium. The BCG associated with the WAT hosts a black hole whose mass we estimate to be 1.4 $\ \pm\ 0.4 \times 10^{9}\,\rm M_{\odot }$. We observe a 2 arcmin (195 kpc in projection) offset between the BCG and the X-ray centroid of the galaxy cluster, which, along with other dynamic features, indicates the cluster’s early stage of evolution. The WAT radio galaxy, the arc, and the filaments have spectral indices $\alpha _{612}^{240}= -0.46\ \pm\ 0.15$, −0.8 ± 0.3, and (−1.13 ± 0.48, −1.40 ± 0.50), respectively. The WAT and the arc are connected structures, while the filaments are detached from them, but are found to be along the trail of the WAT. Based on the morphology of the components, and the progressive steepening of the components from the core of the WAT to the filaments, we propose that this system is a radio galaxy with trailing antique filaments.
Application of the Shannon entropy in the planar (non-restricted) four-body problem: the long-term stability of the Kepler-60 exoplanetary system
Authors: Kővári E , Érdi B , Sándor Zs 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
In this paper, we present an application of the Shannon entropy in the case of the planar (non-restricted) four-body problem. Specifically, the Kepler-60 extrasolar system is being investigated with a primary interest in the resonant configuration of the planets that exhibit a chain of mean-motion commensurabilities with the ratios 5:4:3. In the dynamical maps provided, the Shannon entropy is utilized to explore the general structure of the phase space, while, based on the time evolution of the entropy, we also determine the extent and rate of the chaotic diffusion as well as the characteristic times of stability for the planets. Two cases are considered: (i) the pure Laplace resonance when the critical angles of the two-body resonances circulate and that of the three-body resonance librates; and (ii) the chain of two two-body resonances when all the critical angles librate. Our results suggest that case (ii) is the more favourable configuration, but we state too that, in either case, the relevant resonance plays an important role in stabilizing the system. The derived stability times are no shorter than 108 yr in the central parts of the resonances.
Orbital and physical parameters of eclipsing binaries from the ASAS catalogue – XII. A sample of systems with K2 photometry
Authors: Hełminiak K G , Moharana A , Pawar T , Ukita N , Sybilski P , Espinoza N , Kambe E , Ratajczak M , Jordán A , Maehara H , Brahm R , Kozłowski S K , Konacki M 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
We present results of the analysis of light and radial velocity (RV) curves of eight detached eclipsing binaries observed by the All-Sky Automated Survey, which we have followed up with high-resolution spectroscopy, and were later observed by the Keplersatellite as part of the K2mission. The RV measurements came from spectra obtained with OAO-188/HIDES, MPG-2.2 m/FEROS, SMARTS 1.5 m/CHIRON, Euler/CORALIE, ESO-3.6 m/HARPS, and OHP-1.93/ELODIE instruments. The K2 time-series photometry was analysed with the jktebop code, with out-of-eclipse modulations of different origin taken into account. Individual component spectra were retrieved with the fd3 code, and analysed with the code ispec in order to determine effective temperatures and metallicities. Absolute values of masses, radii, and other stellar parameters are calculated, as well as ages, found through isochrone fitting. For five systems, such analysis has been done for the first time. The presented sample consists of a variety of stars, from low-mass dwarfs, through G- and F-type main sequence objects, to evolved active sub-giants, one of which is found to be crossing the Hertzsprung gap. One target may contain a γ Dor-type pulsator, two more are parts of higher-order multiples, and spectra of their tertiaries were also retrieved and used to constrain the properties of these systems.
Aging at Evolutionary Crossroads: Longitudinal Gene Co-expression Network Analyses of Proximal and Ultimate Causes of Aging in Bats
Authors: Bernard Guillaume , Teulière Jérôme , Lopez Philippe , Corel Eduardo , Lapointe François-Joseph , Bapteste Eric 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHow, when, and why do organisms, their tissues, and their cells age remain challenging issues, although researchers have identified multiple mechanistic causes of aging, and three major evolutionary theories have been developed to unravel the ultimate causes of organismal aging. A central hypothesis of these theories is that the strength of natural selection decreases with age. However, empirical evidence on when, why, and how organisms age is phylogenetically limited, especially in natural populations. Here, we developed generic comparisons of gene co-expression networks that quantify and dissect the heterogeneity of gene co-expression in conspecific individuals from different age-classes to provide topological evidence about some mechanical and fundamental causes of organismal aging. We applied this approach to investigate the complexity of some proximal and ultimate causes of aging phenotypes in a natural population of the greater mouse-eared bat Myotis myotis, a remarkably long-lived species given its body size and metabolic rate, with available longitudinal blood transcriptomes. M. myotis gene co-expression networks become increasingly fragmented with age, suggesting an erosion of the strength of natural selection and a general dysregulation of gene co-expression in aging bats. However, selective pressures remain sufficiently strong to allow successive emergence of homogeneous age-specific gene co-expression patterns, for at least 7 years. Thus, older individuals from long-lived species appear to sit at an evolutionary crossroad: as they age, they experience both a decrease in the strength of natural selection and a targeted selection for very specific biological processes, further inviting to refine a central hypothesis in evolutionary aging theories.
Positive Selection and Horizontal Gene Transfer in the Genome of a Male-Killing Wolbachia
Authors: Hill Tom , Unckless Robert L , Perlmutter Jessamyn I 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Wolbachia are a genus of widespread bacterial endosymbionts in which some strains can hijack or manipulate arthropod host reproduction. Male killing is one such manipulation in which these maternally transmitted bacteria benefit surviving daughters in part by removing competition with the sons for scarce resources. Despite previous findings of interesting genome features of microbial sex ratio distorters, the population genomics of male-killers remain largely uncharacterized. Here, we uncover several unique features of the genome and population genomics of four Arizonan populations of a male-killing Wolbachia strain, wInn, that infects mushroom-feeding Drosophila innubila. We first compared the wInn genome with other closely related Wolbachia genomes of Drosophila hosts in terms of genome content and confirm that the wInn genome is largely similar in overall gene content to the wMel strain infecting D. melanogaster. However, it also contains many unique genes and repetitive genetic elements that indicate lateral gene transfers between wInn and non-Drosophila eukaryotes. We also find that, in line with literature precedent, genes in the Wolbachia prophage and Octomom regions are under positive selection. Of all the genes under positive selection, many also show evidence of recent horizontal transfer among Wolbachia symbiont genomes. These dynamics of selection and horizontal gene transfer across the genomes of several Wolbachia strains and diverse host species may be important underlying factors in Wolbachia’s success as a male-killer of divergent host species.
The lupus autoantigen La/Ssb is anXist-binding protein involved inXistfolding and cloud formation
Authors: Ha Norbert , Ding Nan , Hong Ru , Liu Rubing , Roca Xavier , Luo Yingyuan , Duan Xiaowei , Wang Xiao , Ni Peiling , Wu Haiyang , Zhang Li-Feng , Chen Lingyi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractUsing the programmable RNA-sequence binding domain of the Pumilio protein, we FLAG-tagged Xist (inactivated X chromosome specific transcript) in live mouse cells. Affinity pulldown coupled to mass spectrometry was employed to identify a list of 138 candidate Xist-binding proteins, from which, Ssb (also known as the lupus autoantigen La) was validated as a protein functionally critical for X chromosome inactivation (XCI). Extensive XCI defects were detected in Ssb knockdown cells, including chromatin compaction, death of female mouse embryonic stem cells during in vitro differentiation and chromosome-wide monoallelic gene expression pattern. Live-cell imaging of Xist RNA reveals the defining XCI defect: Xist cloud formation. Ssb is a ubiquitous and versatile RNA-binding protein with RNA chaperone and RNA helicase activities. Functional dissection of Ssb shows that the RNA chaperone domain plays critical roles in XCI. In Ssb knockdown cells, Xist transcripts are unstable and misfolded. These results show that Ssb is critically involved in XCI, possibly as a protein regulating the in-cell structure of Xist.