bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The gravistimulation-induced very slow Ca2+ increase in Arabidopsis seedlings requires MCA1, a Ca2+-permeable mechanosensitive channel
Authors: Nakano Masataka , Furuichi Takuya , Sokabe Masahiro , Iida Hidetoshi , Tatsumi Hitoshi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractGravity is a critical environmental factor affecting the morphology and function of plants on Earth. Gravistimulation triggered by changes in the gravity vector induces an increase in the cytoplasmic free calcium ion concentration ([Ca2+]c) as an early process of gravity sensing; however, its role and molecular mechanism are still unclear. When seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana expressing apoaequorin were rotated from the upright position to the upside-down position, a biphasic [Ca2+]c-increase composed of a fast-transient [Ca2+]c-increase followed by a slow [Ca2+]c-increase was observed. We find here a novel type [Ca2+]c-increase, designated a very slow [Ca2+]c-increase that is observed when the seedlings were rotated back to the upright position from the upside-down position. The very slow [Ca2+]c-increase was strongly attenuated in knockout seedlings defective in MCA1, a mechanosensitive Ca2+-permeable channel (MSCC), and was partially restored in MCA1-complemented seedlings. The mechanosensitive ion channel blocker, gadolinium, blocked the very slow [Ca2+]c-increase. This is the first report suggesting the possible involvement of MCA1 in an early event related to gravity sensing in Arabidopsis seedlings.
Electric field induced giant valley polarization in two dimensional ferromagnetic WSe2/CrSnSe3 heterostructure
Authors: Khan Imran , Marfoua Brahim , Hong Jisang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractValleytronics is receiving extensive research efforts. Thus, we investigated the electric field-induced valley polarization in the WSe2/CrSnSe3 heterostructures by varying the stacking order. The heterostructure shows indirect band gaps of 270 and 330 meV in the two most stable structures. The WSe2/CrSnSe3 heterostructure displays a ferromagnetic ground state with out-of-plane anisotropy (0.02 meV) in one stable stacking (S-1) while a small in-plane anisotropy (−0.01 meV) is found in other stacking (S-2). The Curie temperature is slightly enhanced to 73 K compared to the monolayer CrSnSe3. We have found the valley splitting of 4 meV in S-1 whereas it became 9 meV in the S-2 system. The valley splitting is further enhanced if an electric field is applied from CrSnSe3 to the WSe2 layer whereas it is suppressed in the reversed electric field. Particularly, the S-2 structure shows a giant valley splitting of 67 meV at an electric field of 0.6 V Å−1. We attribute this electric field-dependency to the dipolar effect. Overall, we propose that the WSe2/CrSnSe3 heterostructure can be a potential structure for obtaining a giant valley splitting.
Imaging and identification of point defects in PtTe2
Authors: Zhussupbekov Kuanysh , Ansari Lida , McManus John B. , Zhussupbekova Ainur , Shvets Igor V. , Duesberg Georg S. , Hurley Paul K. , Gity Farzan , Ó Coileáin Cormac , McEvoy Niall 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe properties and performance of two-dimensional (2D) materials can be greatly affected by point defects. PtTe2, a 2D material that belongs to the group 10 transition metal dichalcogenides, is a type-II Dirac semimetal, which has gained a lot of attention recently due to its potential for applications in catalysis, photonics, and spintronics. Here, we provide an experimental and theoretical investigation of point defects on and near the surface of PtTe2. Using scanning tunneling microscopy and scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) measurements, in combination with first-principle calculations, we identify and characterize five common surface and subsurface point defects. The influence of these defects on the electronic structure of PtTe2 is explored in detail through grid STS measurements and complementary density functional theory calculations. We believe these findings will be of significance to future efforts to engineer point defects in PtTe2, which is an interesting and enticing approach to tune the charge-carrier mobility and electron–hole recombination rates, as well as the site reactivity for catalysis.
Ventral pallidum neurons dynamically signal relative threat
Authors: Moaddab Mahsa , Ray Madelyn H. , McDannald Michael A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe ventral pallidum (VP) is anatomically poised to contribute to threat behavior. Recent studies report a VP population that scales firing increases to reward but decreases firing to aversive cues. Here, we tested whether firing decreases in VP neurons serve as a neural signal for relative threat. Single-unit activity was recorded while male rats discriminated cues predicting unique foot shock probabilities. Rats’ behavior and VP single-unit firing discriminated danger, uncertainty, and safety cues. Two populations of VP neurons dynamically signaled relative threat, decreasing firing according to foot shock probability during early cue presentation, but disproportionately decreasing firing to uncertain threat as foot shock drew near. One relative threat population increased firing to reward, consistent with a bi-directional signal for general value. The second population was unresponsive to reward, revealing a specific signal for relative threat. The results reinforce anatomy to reveal the VP as a neural source of a dynamic, relative threat signal.
MicroRNAs from Snellenius manilae bracovirus regulate innate and cellular immune responses of its host Spodoptera litura
Authors: Tang Cheng-Kang , Tsai Chih-Hsuan , Wu Carol-P. , Lin Yu-Hsien , Wei Sung-Chan , Lu Yun-Heng , Li Cheng-Hsun , Wu Yueh-Lung 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTo avoid inducing immune and physiological responses in insect hosts, parasitoid wasps have developed several mechanisms to inhibit them during parasitism, including the production of venom, specialized wasp cells, and symbioses with polydnaviruses (PDVs). These mechanisms alter the host physiology to give the wasp offspring a greater chance of survival. However, the molecular mechanisms for most of these alterations remain unclear. In the present study, we applied next-generation sequencing analysis and identified several miRNAs that were encoded in the genome of Snellenius manilae bracovirus (SmBV), and expressed in the host larvae, Spodoptera litura, during parasitism. Among these miRNAs, SmBV-miR-199b-5p and SmBV-miR-2989 were found to target domeless and toll-7 in the host, which are involved in the host innate immune responses. Microinjecting the inhibitors of these two miRNAs into parasitized S. litura larvae not only severely decreased the pupation rate of Snellenius manilae, but also restored the phagocytosis and encapsulation activity of the hemocytes. The results demonstrate that these two SmBV-encoded miRNAs play an important role in suppressing the immune responses of parasitized hosts. Overall, our study uncovers the functions of two SmBV-encoded miRNAs in regulating the host innate immune responses upon wasp parasitism.
An electron transfer competent structural ensemble of membrane-bound cytochrome P450 1A1 and cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase
Authors: Mukherjee Goutam , Nandekar Prajwal P. , Wade Rebecca C. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCytochrome P450 (CYP) heme monooxygenases require two electrons for their catalytic cycle. For mammalian microsomal CYPs, key enzymes for xenobiotic metabolism and steroidogenesis and important drug targets and biocatalysts, the electrons are transferred by NADPH-cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (CPR). No structure of a mammalian CYP–CPR complex has been solved experimentally, hindering understanding of the determinants of electron transfer (ET), which is often rate-limiting for CYP reactions. Here, we investigated the interactions between membrane-bound CYP 1A1, an antitumor drug target, and CPR by a multiresolution computational approach. We find that upon binding to CPR, the CYP 1A1 catalytic domain becomes less embedded in the membrane and reorients, indicating that CPR may affect ligand passage to the CYP active site. Despite the constraints imposed by membrane binding, we identify several arrangements of CPR around CYP 1A1 that are compatible with ET. In the complexes, the interactions of the CPR FMN domain with the proximal side of CYP 1A1 are supplemented by more transient interactions of the CPR NADP domain with the distal side of CYP 1A1. Computed ET rates and pathways agree well with available experimental data and suggest why the CYP–CPR ET rates are low compared to those of soluble bacterial CYPs.
AdipoR agonist increases insulin sensitivity and exercise endurance in AdipoR-humanized mice
Authors: Iwabu Masato , Okada-Iwabu Miki , Tanabe Hiroaki , Ohuchi Nozomi , Miyata Keiko , Kobori Toshiko , Odawara Sara , Kadowaki Yuri , Yokoyama Shigeyuki , Yamauchi Toshimasa , Kadowaki Takashi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAdiponectin receptors, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 exert anti-diabetic effects. Although muscle-specific disruption of AdipoR1 has been shown to result in decreased insulin sensitivity and decreased exercise endurance, it remains to be determined whether upregulation of AdipoR1 could reverse them in obese diabetic mice. Here, we show that muscle-specific expression of human AdipoR1 increased expression levels of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative stress-detoxification to almost the same extents as treadmill exercise, and concomitantly increased insulin sensitivity and exercise endurance in obese diabetic mice. Moreover, we created AdipoR-humanized mice which express human AdipoR1 in muscle of AdipoR1·R2 double-knockout mice. Most importantly, the small-molecule AdipoR agonist AdipoRon could exert its beneficial effects in muscle via human AdipoR, and increased insulin sensitivity and exercise endurance in AdipoR-humanized mice. This study suggests that expression of human AdipoR1 in skeletal muscle could be exercise-mimetics, and that AdipoRon could exert its beneficial effects via human AdipoR1.
Curbing gastrointestinal infections by defensin fragment modifications without harming commensal microbiota
Authors: Koeninger Louis , Osbelt Lisa , Berscheid Anne , Wendler Judith , Berger Jürgen , Hipp Katharina , Lesker Till R. , Pils Marina C. , Malek Nisar P. , Jensen Benjamin A. H. , Brötz-Oesterhelt Heike , Strowig Till , Jan Wehkamp  
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe occurrence and spread of multidrug-resistant pathogens, especially bacteria from the ESKAPE panel, increases the risk to succumb to untreatable infections. We developed a novel antimicrobial peptide, Pam-3, with antibacterial and antibiofilm properties to counter this threat. The peptide is based on an eight-amino acid carboxyl-terminal fragment of human β-defensin 1. Pam-3 exhibited prominent antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant ESKAPE pathogens and additionally eradicated already established biofilms in vitro, primarily by disrupting membrane integrity of its target cell. Importantly, prolonged exposure did not result in drug-resistance to Pam-3. In mouse models, Pam-3 selectively reduced acute intestinal Salmonella and established Citrobacter infections, without compromising the core microbiota, hence displaying an added benefit to traditional broad-spectrum antibiotics. In conclusion, our data support the development of defensin-derived antimicrobial agents as a novel approach to fight multidrug-resistant bacteria, where Pam-3 appears as a particularly promising microbiota-preserving candidate.
A unified framework for herbivore-to-producer biomass ratio reveals the relative influence of four ecological factors
Authors: Kazama Takehiro , Urabe Jotaro , Yamamichi Masato , Tokita Kotaro , Yin Xuwang , Katano Izumi , Doi Hideyuki , Yoshida Takehito , Hairston Nelson G. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe biomass ratio of herbivores to primary producers reflects the structure of a community. Four primary factors have been proposed to affect this ratio, including production rate, defense traits and nutrient contents of producers, and predation by carnivores. However, identifying the joint effects of these factors across natural communities has been elusive, in part because of the lack of a framework for examining their effects simultaneously. Here, we develop a framework based on Lotka–Volterra equations for examining the effects of these factors on the biomass ratio. We then utilize it to test if these factors simultaneously affect the biomass ratio of freshwater plankton communities. We found that all four factors contributed significantly to the biomass ratio, with carnivore abundance having the greatest effect, followed by producer stoichiometric nutrient content. Thus, the present framework should be useful for examining the multiple factors shaping various types of communities, both aquatic and terrestrial.
Stretchable micro-scale concentrator photovoltaic module with 15.4% efficiency for three-dimensional curved surfaces
Authors: Sato Daisuke , Masuda Taizo , Araki Kenji , Yamaguchi Masafumi , Okumura Kenichi , Sato Akinori , Tomizawa Ryota , Yamada Noboru 
Published: January 2021

AbstractStretchable photovoltaics are emerging power sources for collapsible electronics, biomedical devices, and buildings and vehicles with curved surfaces. Development of stretchable photovoltaics are crucial to achieve rapid growth of the future photovoltaic market. However, owing to their rigidity, existing thin-film solar cells based predominantly on silicon, compound semiconductors, and perovskites are difficult to apply to 3D curved surfaces, which are potential real-world candidates. Herein, we present a stretchable micro-scale concentrator photovoltaic module with a geometrical concentration ratio of 3.5×. When perfectly fitted on a 3D curved surface with a sharp curvature, the prototype module achieves an outdoor power conversion efficiency of 15.4% and the daily generated electricity yield improves to a maximum of 190% relative to a non-concentration stretchable photovoltaic module. Thus, this module design enables high areal coverage on 3D curved surfaces, while generating a higher electricity yield in a limited installation area.
Enhanced mechanically induced red-light emitting novel mechanoluminescence materials for ultrasonic visualization and monitoring applications
Authors: Fan Yu-Ting , Yang Yun-Ling , Li Ting , Yuan Jia-Yong , Li Qian-Li , Zhao Jing-Tai , Wan Dong-Yun , Zhang Zhi-Jun 
Published: January 2021

When Ca2+ is substituted with Sr2+, the optical band gap of (Ca, Sr)ZnOS:Mn2+ becomes narrower and the trap depths becomes deeper, which leads to ML enhanced. The monitoring of ultrasonic intensity was achieved by using this ML material.
Effects of Using Mixed Reality With Coaching on the Interprofessional Communication Skills of Speech-Language Pathology Graduate Students
Authors: Towson Jacqueline A. , Taylor Matthew S. , Abarca Diana L. , Paul Claire Donehower , Ezekiel-Wilder Faith 
Published: January 2021

Purpose
Communication between allied health professionals, teachers, and family members is a critical skill when addressing and providing for the individual needs of patients. Graduate students in speech-language pathology programs often have limited opportunities to practice these skills prior to or during externship placements. The purpose of this study was to research a mixed reality simulator as a viable option for speech-language pathology graduate students to practice interprofessional communication (IPC) skills delivering diagnostic information to different stakeholders compared to traditional role-play scenarios.

Method

Eighty graduate students (
N
= 80) completing their third semester in one speech-language pathology program were randomly assigned to one of four conditions: mixed-reality simulation with and without coaching or role play with and without coaching. Data were collected on students' self-efficacy, IPC skills pre- and postintervention, and perceptions of the intervention.

Results
The students in the two coaching groups scored significantly higher than the students in the noncoaching groups on observed IPC skills. There were no significant differences in students' self-efficacy. Students' responses on social validity measures showed both interventions, including coaching, were acceptable and feasible.

Conclusions
Findings indicated that coaching paired with either mixed-reality simulation or role play are viable methods to target improvement of IPC skills for graduate students in speech-language pathology. These findings are particularly relevant given the recent approval for students to obtain clinical hours in simulated environments.
Pragmatic Language and Social Communication Tests for Students Aged 8–18 Years: A Review of Test Accuracy
Authors: Timler Geralyn R. , Covey Megan Alano 
Published: January 2021

Purpose
The accuracy of commercially available pragmatic language and social communication tests was reviewed.

Method
Online sources were searched to identify tests providing stand-alone pragmatic or social communication scores. Test manuals were examined to extract information about clinical and typically developing group comparisons, including sample size, inclusionary/exclusionary criteria, and mean group differences. Classification accuracy metrics, including sensitivity, specificity, optimal cut scores, and likelihood ratios, were reviewed.

Results

Six domain-specific pragmatic language and social communication tests and four omnibus language tests were identified. Test content varied and included video and audio recordings and question-and-answer formats to address hypothetical social vignettes, retell and comprehend narratives, interpret nonliteral language and multiple-meaning words, identify and display emotions, and infer another's perspective. Sample size and inclusionary/exclusionary criteria for comparisons of students with typical development (TD), developmental language disorder (DLD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and social (pragmatic) communication disorder (SPCD) varied widely. Mean group differences between TD and ASD or SPCD groups were generally larger (i.e., > 0.5
SD
to > 2.0
SD
s) than TD and DLD comparisons. Test authors interpreted these results as support for the accuracy of tests to identify deficits associated with ASD and SPCD and not DLD. Classification accuracy was reported for five domain-specific tests. Optimal cut scores ranged from 85 to 92, with adequate sensitivity and specificity (i.e., ≥ 80%); however, positive likelihood ratios and associated confidence intervals revealed limited confidence in reported levels.

Conclusions
Inadequate sample description for comparison and classification studies limit a clinician's ability to compare a student's profile with those in the samples. Although none of the tests meet all standards for test accuracy reviewed in this report, a checklist to guide test selection is provided to assist in identifying the best available test for a student's profile, if a test is needed.
New precise positions in 2013–2019 and a catalog of ground-based astrometric observations of 11 Neptunian satellites (1847–2019) based on Gaia-DR2
Authors: Yuan Ye , Li Fan , Fu Yanning , Ren Shulin 
Published: January 2021

Context. Developing high-precision ephemerides for Neptunian satellites requires not only the continuation of observing campaigns but also the collection and improvement of existing observations. So far, no complete catalogs of observations of Neptunian satellites are available.
Aims. We aim to provide new, precise positions, and to compile a catalog including all available ground-based astrometric observations of Neptunian satellites. The observations are tabulated in a single and consistent format and given in the same timescale, the Terrestrial Time (TT), and reference system, the International Celestial Reference System (ICRS), including necessary changes and corrections.
Methods. New CCD observations of Triton and Nereid were made at Lijiang 2.4-m and Yaoan 0.8-m telescopes in 2013–2019, and then reduced based on Gaia-DR2. Furthermore, a catalog called OCNS2019 (Observational Catalog of Neptunian Satellites (2019 version)) was compiled, after recognizing and correcting errors and omissions. Furthermore, in addition to what was considered for the COSS08 catalog for eight main Saturnian satellites, all observed absolute and relative coordinates were converted to the ICRS with corrections for star catalog biases with respect to Gaia-DR2. New debiasing tables for both the modern and old star catalogs, which were previously not provided based on Gaia-DR2, are developed and applied. Treatment of missing positions of comparison bodies in conversions of observed relative coordinates are proposed.
Results. OCNS2019 and the new debiasing tables are publicly available online. OCNS2019 includes 24996 observed coordinates of 11 Neptunian satellites obtained over 3741 nights from 1847 to 2019. All observations are given in TT and ICRS. The star catalog biases are removed, which are significant for Nereid and outer satellites. We obtained 880 (5% of total now available) new coordinates for Triton over 41 nights (1% of total observation nights so far), and 790 (14%) for Nereid over 47 nights (10%). The dispersions of these new positions are about 0.″03 for Triton and 0.″06 for Nereid.
Conclusions. OCNS2019 should be useful in improving ephemerides for the above-mentioned objects.
The baryonic specific angular momentum of disc galaxies
Authors: Mancera Piña Pavel E. , Posti Lorenzo , Fraternali Filippo , Adams Elizabeth A. K. , Oosterloo Tom 
Published: January 2021

Aims.Specific angular momentum (the angular momentum per unit mass,j = J/M) is one of the key parameters that control the evolution of galaxies, and it is closely related with the coupling between dark and visible matter. In this work, we aim to derive the baryonic (stars plus atomic gas) specific angular momentum of disc galaxies and study its relation with the dark matter specific angular momentum.Methods.Using a combination of high-quality H Irotation curves, H Isurface densities, and near-infrared surface brightness profiles, we homogeneously measure the stellar (j*) and gas (jgas) specific angular momenta for a large sample of nearby disc galaxies. This allows us to determine the baryonic specific angular momentum (jbar) with high accuracy and across a very wide range of masses.Results.We confirm that thej* − M*relation is an unbroken power-law from 7 ≲ log(M*/M⊙) ≲ 11.5, with a slope 0.54 ± 0.02, setting a stronger constraint at dwarf galaxy scales than previous determinations. Concerning the gas component, we find that thejgas − Mgasrelation is also an unbroken power-law from 6 ≲ log(Mgas/M⊙) ≲ 11, with a steeper slope of 1.02 ± 0.04. Regarding the baryonic relation, our data support a correlation characterized by a single power-law with a slope 0.60 ± 0.02. Our analysis shows that our most massive spirals and smallest dwarfs lie along the samejbar − Mbarsequence. While the relations are tight and unbroken, we find internal correlations inside them: At fixedM*, galaxies with largerj*have larger disc scale lengths, and at fixedMbar, gas-poor galaxies have lowerjbarthan expected. We estimate the retained fraction of baryonic specific angular momentum,fj, bar, finding it constant across our entire mass range with a value of ∼0.6, indicating that the baryonic specific angular momentum of present-day disc galaxies is comparable to the initial specific angular momentum of their dark matter haloes. In general, these results set important constraints for hydrodynamical simulations and semi-analytical models that aim to reproduce galaxies with realistic specific angular momenta.