bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Screen Time is Associated with Lower Healthy Eating Index (HEI)‐2010 Total Score in Low‐Income Hispanic Pregnant Women in the Starting Early Study
Authors: Berube Lauren Thomas , Woolf Kathleen , Gross Rachel , Messito Mary Jo 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundSedentary behaviors, including screen time (i.e., time spent using televisions, computers, and smart phones), are associated with unhealthy dietary behaviors and obesity. However, it remains unknown how screen time and dietary habits are related during pregnancy, a critical period known to impact both maternal and child health outcomes.ObjectiveTo examine dietary quality and screen time in low‐income Hispanic pregnant women, known to be at high risk of obesity.MethodsCross‐sectional analysis of baseline data from the Starting Early study, a randomized controlled trial beginning in third trimester of pregnancy to prevent childhood obesity. Independent variable: screen time (ST) categorized as low (≤2 hr/d), moderate (>2 to ≤4 hr/d), or high (>4 hr/d). Dependent variable: diet quality assessed using the Block 2005 Bilingual Food Frequency Questionnaire, and the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)‐2010. One‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post‐hoc analyses were used to determine associations between screen time and HEI‐2010 total score.ResultsWomen (N=482) did not differ in mean body mass index, but women with low and moderate ST were older than those with high ST (p<0.001). The mean HEI‐2010 total score was 72.3 ± 7.9 for low ST, 69.0 ± 9.3 for moderate ST, and 66.2 ± 10.1 for high ST (p<0.001). Low ST had higher mean empty calorie (p<0.001) and vegetable (p<0.001) scores than moderate and high ST. Low and moderate ST had lower mean daily energy intake (p=0.004) and higher mean whole fruit (p=0.003), greens and beans (p<0.001), and dairy (p=0.002) scores than high ST.ConclusionLess screen time was associated with better diet quality and lower intake of empty calories. High screen time was associated with greater energy intake and lower intake of foods recommended by the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010. Interventions are needed to reduce screen time and increase intake of nutrient‐dense foods among low‐income Hispanic women during pregnancy.Support or Funding InformationFunding Disclosure: USDA Grant # 2011‐68001‐30207
Associations Between Neck Circumferences and Measures of Health in Young Adults
Authors: Famodu Oluremi A , Barr Makenzie L , Colby Sarah E , Zhou Wenjun , Bryd‐Bredbenner Carol , Mathews Anne E. , Olfert Melissa Diann 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundNeck circumference is a novel method for estimating upper‐body subcutaneous adipose tissue distribution. Studies have concluded that neck circumference is a potentially useful, simple, non‐invasive, cost‐effective initial screening tool for overweight/obesity and the metabolic syndrome.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to determine the relationship between neck circumference and other anthropometric measures in young adults.MethodsOver 1500 students across 8 Universities in the United States underwent a physical assessment. Neck circumference, height, weight, and blood pressure were taken in duplicate by trained researchers using standard procedures. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated using height and weight measures. Spearman correlations were calculated to determine associations between neck circumference and other continuous variables of health.ResultsMost study participants were Caucasian (67%), female (70%), and reported growing up in the non‐Appalachian region (82%) of the United States. The percentage of those with a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 was 34% and 41% for females and males, respectively. The percentage of those with a neck circumference indicating obesity (i.e. ≥ 35.5 cm for males and ≥ 32 cm for females) was 79% vs 50% for women. In both genders, significant positive correlations were seen between neck circumference and body weight (women, ρ=0.707, p<0.0001; men ρ=0.693, p<0.0001), BMI (women, ρ=0.692, p<0.0001; men ρ=0.704, p<0.0001), waist circumference (women, ρ=0.721, p<0.0001; men ρ=0.687, p<0.0001), hip circumference (women, ρ=0.692, p<0.0001; men ρ=0.638, p<0.0001), and systolic blood pressure (women, ρ=0.309, p<0.0001; men ρ=0.301, p<0.0001).ConclusionOverall, this study suggests that neck circumference closely correlates with other measurements related to disease, especially upper body fat. Therefore, incorporating neck circumference measurements in research is a viable, cost‐effective method for corroborating other health measures associated with obesity and its co‐morbidities.Support or Funding InformationApproval to use the data set was granted by the University of Tennessee Institutional Review Board prior to study implementation. This material is based upon work that is supported by the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture, under award number 2014‐67001‐21851.
Absorption and Metabolism of Isothiocyanates Formed from Broccoli Glucosinolates: Effects of Daily Consumption
Authors: Charron Craig , Vinyard Bryan , Ross Sharon , Seifried Harold , Jeffery Elizabeth , Novotny Janet 
Published: June 2021

Sulforaphane is derived from glucoraphanin, the predominant glucosinolate in broccoli, and is associated with anti‐cancer effects. A preclinical study suggested that daily consumption of broccoli may increase the production of sulforaphane and sulforaphane metabolites available for absorption. To test this result in humans, we designed a randomized crossover study (n=18) during which subjects consumed a Brassica‐free control diet for 16 days or the same diet with 200 g of broccoli and 20 g of fresh daikon radish for 16 days. On day 17, all subjects consumed 200 g of broccoli with 20 g of daikon radish. Plasma and urine were collected over 24 h and analyzed for sulforaphane and metabolites of sulforaphane and erucin by tandem mass spectrometry. Females and subjects with the GSTM1+ genotype had higher concentrations of total metabolites in plasma when they had been consuming the control diet prior to day 17. Subjects with BMI>26 (median) had higher total plasma metabolites following the control diet compared to the daily broccoli diet, whereas subjects with BMI<26 had higher levels following the broccoli diet compared to the control diet. The urinary excretion rate of total metabolites was higher following the control diet compared to the broccoli diet for subjects with BMI>26. These results indicate that multiple factors affect the plasma concentrations of compounds believed to confer protection against cancer.Support or Funding InformationSupported by the National Cancer Institute and the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
In silico screening and usability of molecular modeling in finding bio‐active compounds in diet components; investigation of javamide‐I/‐II/‐III and chlorogenic acids found in coffee and flavonoids as p38 MAP kinase inhibitors.
Authors: Park Jae 
Published: June 2021

Javamide‐I/‐II/‐III are bio‐active compounds found in coffee. Our preliminary study suggested that javamide‐I/‐II may inhibit p38 MAP kinase, thereby potentially beneficial in some human diseases related to subclinical inflammation. However, potential effects of these javamides on the p38 inhibition have not been fully investigated using in silico methods. Therefore, in this paper, javamide‐I/‐II/‐III were screened related to p38 MAP kinase inhibition with other phytochemicals such as chlorogenic acids and flavonoids using in silico methods which is widely used to find and develop new effective and selective compounds. After the screening was completed with ΔE values, actual effects of the javamides on p38 MAP kinase were also determined using an in vitro assay method. Javamide‐I/‐II/‐III with best scores were able to inhibit p38 MAP kinase (IC50 of 8–36 uM) better than chlorogenic acids and flavonoids. Especially, javamide‐II found in coffee exhibited competitive inhibition of p38 MAP kinase with Ki ≈ 9.6 uM, confirming that virtual screening methods are also useful in finding bio‐active compounds with specific activities. This study suggests that combining in silico screening and in vitro assay could be a very convenient and effective method even in finding bio‐active compounds present in human diet components.Support or Funding InformationUSDA (1235‐51000‐054‐00D)
Identification of metabolite markers of long‐term green tea polyphenol intake in humans
Authors: Zhou Yuyin , Zhang Ningning , Arikawa Andrea , Chen Chi 
Published: June 2021

Green tea polyphenols (GTP) possess diverse bioactivities on cell proliferation and survival, but the metabolic impact of chronic GTP intake on humans was not well defined. In this study, fecal and urine samples from postmenopausal female subjects taking the GTP supplement or placebo for 12 months were analyzed by liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry‐based metabolomics analysis. The metabolites associated with GTP treatment were first identified by multivariate modeling of control and treatment, and then characterized by structural elucidation and quantitative analysis. A group of phenolic acids derived from microbial metabolism of GTP were identified as the robust exposure markers. In contract, major GTP, such as epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), were not found in significant amounts in feces, suggesting extensive biotransformation mediated by microflora. One of these microbial metabolites was determined as 3‐hydroxyphenylvaleric acid, which has not been identified as an EGCG metabolite in human feces previously. In urine samples, chronic GTP treatment led to the presence of sulfate and glucuronide metabolites of GTP, but decreased the levels of microbial metabolites phenylacetylglutamine and indoxyl sulfate. Interestingly, ascorbic acid was identified as one of urinary metabolites that were significantly decreased by GTP, indicating the influence of chronic GTP treatment on redox balance. Overall, these results suggest that specific microbial, xenobiotic, and endogenous metabolic events contribute to the formation of diverse markers of long‐term GTP intake.Support or Funding InformationNCI grant R01 CA127236NIFA project MIN‐18‐092
Epigenetic Regulation of WNT and Hedgehog Oncogenic Signaling in Breast Cancer Cells in Response to Dietary Polyphenols
Authors: Stefanska Barbara , Kurzava Lucinda , Lubecka Katarzyna , Beetch Megan , Flower Kirsty , Flanagan James M 
Published: June 2021

The Wnt and Hedgehog signaling pathways play roles in embryonic and stem cell developmental processes but can become overactive in human cancers, contributing to cancer cell invasion and metastasis. Crosstalk occurs between these two pathways in cancer due to the ability of Hedgehog signaling proteins to regulate activity of the Wnt pathway, and vice versa. This interdependent regulation allows for cancer therapies to mutually target the activity of both pathways. Interestingly, certain dietary polyphenolic compounds suppress the Hedgehog and Wnt signals in cancer. In our study, polyphenols were shown to modify epigenetic marks in genes positively regulating these pathways including SHH, a Hedgehog signaling protein, GLI2, a transcriptional activator of Hedgehog signaling, and four Wnt signaling ligands including WNT4, WNT6, WNT9A, and WNT10B.Using the polyphenol resveratrol from grapes, we examine the role of DNA methylation in regulation of Hedgehog and Wnt signaling in breast cancer. Non‐invasive MCF‐7 and invasive MCF10CA1a human breast cancer cell lines were used as an experimental model. Following genome‐wide DNA methylation analysis with Illumina 450K array, pyrosequencing and QPCR were performed to assess methylation and expression of the selected positive regulators and downstream targets of Hedgehog and Wnt signaling.We found 6,347 CpG sites differentially methylated upon 9‐day treatment of MCF10CA1a breast cancer cells with 15μM resveratrol compared to untreated cells. A majority of those CpG sites were hypermethylated and located within genes functionally associated with oncogenic signaling pathways, including Hedgehog and Wnt. Resveratrol led to increased methylation of enhancer regions of SHH, GLI2, and WNT4, and CpG island regions of WNT6, WNT9A, and WNT10B. Increase in methylation of these genes was confirmed by pyrosequencing in breast cancer cells with high and low invasive potential. Along with increased methylation of these regions, the expression of these genes decreased following resveratrol treatment. This was associated with downregulation of Hedgehog target gene Bcl‐2 and Wnt target gene EpCam, as well as a mutual target FOXM1, in invasive MCF10CA1a breast cancer cells.Our results provide insight into regulation of oncogenic signals in cancer and support for epigenetic‐targeting strategies as an effective anti‐cancer approach.Support or Funding InformationThis study was supported by the Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Indiana CTSI (UL1TR001108), Women's Global Health Institute, and USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture (Hatch project 1005656) granted to BS.
Mixed Dishes are a Top Contributor to Vitamin K Intake in US Adults: Data from the 2011–2012 NHANES
Authors: Harshman Stephanie Geris , Finnan Emily G , Barger Kathryn , Bailey Regan L , Haytowitz David B , Booth Sarah L 
Published: June 2021

The primary dietary form of vitamin K in US diets is phylloquinone (PK), which is found in green vegetables and vegetable oils. PK content of foods are provided in the USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, which helps to estimate current dietary intakes. As our food supply diversifies and expands, food groups contributing to dietary PK intake are also expanding. It is important to identify the contributors to dietary vitamin K estimates to guide healthcare professionals and recommendations on food sources of vitamin K.The purpose of this study was to estimate: (1) the PK consumed in the diet of US adults; (2) the contribution of different food groups to PK intake in individuals with high or low vegetable intake (≥ 2 cups < 2 cups vegetables/day); and (3) to characterize the contribution of different mixed dishes to PK intake.We used data from adults (≥ 20 y; 2092 men and 2214 women) participating in NHANES 2011–2012, a nationally‐representative complex survey, to determine usual PK intake correcting for measurement error with the National Cancer Institute method. Food group classifications were determined according to the USDA What We Eat in America food groupings. The proportion of PK supplied by each food group and mixed dishes was compared between low and high vegetable consumers, using multiple t‐tests with Bonferroni‐Dunn correction for multiple comparisons.On average, 43.0% of men and 62.5% of women met the AI of 120 and 90 μg/day of PK, respectively. Vegetables were the highest contributor to PK intake, contributing 60.0% and 36.1% in high and low vegetable intake groups, respectively. Mixed dishes were the second highest contributor, contributing approximately 16% and 28% of total PK intake in high and low vegetable intake groups, respectively (all p<0.001 between vegetable intake groups). Within mixed dishes, grain based dishes including macaroni and cheese, pasta, and rice dishes contributed to 25% of dietary PK, followed by sandwiches (9.7%), and pizza (10%) in the low vegetable intake group. In individuals with high vegetable intake, primary sources of dietary PK in mixed dishes were soups (23%), “Asian” dishes (e.g., fried rice with soy sauce, 21.5%), and meat and poultry (17.9%).Our findings suggest mixed dishes are a significant contributor to PK intake in the United States. Unique to mixed dishes is the large contribution of grain‐based foods that often lack PK‐rich vegetables. Additional research is required to further quantitate other vitamin K forms in the US food supply, and to identify all dietary sources of vitamin K to better guide recommendations for vitamin K intakes in the U.S.Support or Funding InformationSupported by USDA Agricultural Research Service under Cooperative Agreement No. 58‐1950‐7‐707 and 58‐1235‐1‐193.
Dietary Fiber's Contribution to the Energy Needs of the Microbiota
Authors: Gordon Dennis Theodore , Baer David J , Mai Volker 
Published: June 2021

The objective of this research is to address the amount of energy resulting from the total fermentation of an oligosaccharide, resistant maltodextrin (RM), used for the growth of the microbiota (MB). The metabolizable energy (ME) of RM has been previously reported (J. Nutr. 144:1, 2014). Dietary Fiber (DF), intrinsic and intact in plant foods, and Added Fiber, isolated or modified from plant foods or chemically synthesized are now defined (FDA, 2014) as having “beneficial physiological effects for human health (BPEFHH)”. The microbiota (MB) is considered to have strong associations with BPEFHH, but evidence to confirm this association has not been established. While DF can contribute to health benefits, its quintessential properties are to promote laxation and serve as the primary energy source for the MB. However, the energy contribution of DF for MB growth is not known. A randomized placebo controlled double blind crossover study was conducted and all participants were provided all foods for replicated intakes and fed to maintain body weight. As part of the controlled diet, men (n=14) were fed, in in random order, sequence 3‐treatments, of 0 g RM and 50 g digestible dextrin (DD), 25 g RM and 25 g DD, and 50 g RM and 0 g DD. In addition to a MB analysis of feces, total MB counts were accomplished by appropriate dilution of wet fecal samples and MB stained for FISH (counts) cell counting with a light microscope. Total wet and dry fecal weights (g), increased with 25g RM (148,32‐NS) and 50g RM (161,39‐P ≤0.02) compared to the control treatment, 0g RM (118,27), respectively. Total MB counts in wet fecal samples, in counts per g for 0, 25 and 50 g RM/day were 8.6a, 10.1a,b and 10.3b × 109, and for the total feces, total MB counts would be 1.0, 1.5 and 1.2 × 1012, respectively. The ME values for RM fed 25g and 50g/d were 8.2 kJ and 10.4 kJ levels, and net energy (NE) values were 8.2 kJ and 2.0 kJ/g, respectively. It is suggested that totally fermentable DF even in diets currently providing 18–20 g total DF/d, provide approximately 5 to 7 kJ/g for MB growth. Increased total MB in wet fecal weight, increased mass, and with increased MB concentration per g feces is considered as contributing to DF ability to improve BPEFHH, and initially via better laxation.Support or Funding InformationSupport, Matsutani, Co, LTD, USDA, ARS
Validation of Ru(II)‐caged Abiraterone as a Chemical Tool for Controlling CYP17A1 Activity with Visible Light
Authors: Li Ao , Yadav Rahul , White Jessica K. , Herroon Mackenzie K. , Podgorski Izabela , Turro Claudia , Scott Emily E. , Kodanko Jeremy J. 
Published: June 2021

Cytochromes P450 (CYP) enzymes are ubiquitous heme‐containing proteins catalyzing numerous and varied biosynthetic and detoxification transformations in biological systems. Potent and selective inhibitors have been aggressively pursued as chemical tools, drugs, and insecticides, but lack spatial and temporal control over CYP inhibition in vitro and in vivo. Metal‐caged versions of such inhibitors with photoactivated release can allow researchers to interrogate biological systems spatiotemporally. Here, a novel Ru(II)‐caged complex was designed and synthesized with the CYP17A1 inhibitor abiraterone, a prostate cancer drug. While the intact caged complex is non‐toxic and exceptionally stable in the dark, upon irradiation with low energy visible light abiraterone is rapidly released. In the dark the Ru(II) caged abiraterone does not bind to CYP17A1, but light exposure results in the released abiraterone binding to CYP17A1. This binding is observed as a type II shift consistent with the inhibitor nitrogen coordinating to the CYP17A1 heme iron with a high affinity, similar to abiraterone itself. Additionally, dark Ru(II)‐abiraterone is nontoxic to DU145 human prostate cancer cells, but light‐exposed Ru(II)‐abiraterone and abiraterone resulted in similar toxicity. Overall, this demonstrates that metal‐caged inhibitors can be designed with ideal properties as potent and selective chemical tools controlled by visible light in a biological setting.Support or Funding InformationNIH (EB 016072) and NSF (CHE1212281)
The Sphingosine‐1‐Phosphate Analog, FTY720, Reverses Diastolic Dysfunction and Hypertrophy in Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Ryba David M , Warren Chad M , Karam Chehade N , Davis Robert T. , Chowdhury Shamim A. K. , Alvarez Manuel G. , Wieczorek David F , Solaro R. John , Wolska Beata M. 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundHypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients present with progressively worsening hypertrophy, diastolic dysfunction and fibrosis, ending in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. At the molecular level, a common pathology found is an increase in myofilament‐calcium (Ca) sensitivity. Previously, we have shown that oxidative modification of myofilament proteins, as a result of increased oxidative stress in HCM, may be a direct mediator of this increase. FTY720 is an immunomodulating drug, clinically used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis, which we have previously identified to have anti‐fibrotic and anti‐hypertrophic effects in a model of pressure‐overload‐induced hypertrophy. We sought to understand whether agonism of the sphingosine‐1‐phosphate receptor by FTY720 would be of therapeutic benefit in HCM, and its effects on oxidative modification.MethodsWe treated an HCM mouse model linked to a mutation in tropomyosin (Tm‐E180G) and non‐transgenic (NTG) littermates with FTY720 or vehicle for six weeks. We assessed cardiac function and morphology using echocardiography and pressure‐volume (PV) relations and the myofilament‐Ca‐response using detergent‐treated (skinned) fibers. We also investigated if signaling pathways were altered.ResultsWe found that FTY720‐treated Tm‐E180G mice had a significant reduction in left atrial size, E/A and E/Em ratios compared to significantly increased baseline measurements as assessed by echocardiography. PV relations revealed significant improvements in the end‐diastolic pressure volume relationship, preload recruitable stroke work, and relaxation constant (Tau). FTY720‐treated NTG mice displayed a significant decrease in ejection fraction and rate of maximum pressure development in early systole compared to vehicle‐treated NTG mice assessed by PV relations. Skinned fiber bundles revealed a significant decrease in myofilament‐Ca‐responsiveness. We attributed these functional improvements to a down‐regulation of S‐glutathionylation of cardiac myosin binding protein‐C in FTY720‐treated Tm‐E180G mice. The increases in oxidative modification in vehicle treated Tm‐E180G mice were due to an up‐regulation of NADPH oxidase 2 enzyme expression (NOX2), and fibrosis and hypertrophy to increased periostin, TGF‐beta expression, and GATA4 phosphorylation. These maladaptive changes were reversed by FTY720 treatment.ConclusionsIn Tm‐E180G mice, FTY720 improves diastolic function and morphology by reversing oxidative modification of myofilament proteins, resulting in a decrease in myofilament‐Ca‐responsiveness, via down‐regulation of NOX2 and other maladaptive remodeling signals.Support or Funding InformationR01 HL128468 (BMW, RJS) and F31 HL127996 (DMR)