bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modified Socratic Method (planned and executed by Takada) for medical education: Grade II Acute Cholecystitis of Tokyo Guidelines 2018 as an example case
Authors: Takada Tadahiro , Isaji Shuji , Yoshida Masahiro , Horiguchi Akihiko , Ando Hisami , Miyakawa Shuichi , Kiriyama Seiki , Gomi Harumi , Mukai Shuntaro , Higuchi Ryota , Abe Yuta , Okamoto Kohji , Suzuki Kenji , Toyota Naoyuki , Hori Shutaro , Homma Yuki , Kato Hiroyuki , Umezawa Akiko , Hata Jiro , Inoue Dai , Kobayashi Motoyuki , Tsuyuguchi Toshio , Maruo Hirotoshi , Kumamoto Yusuke , Asano Yukio , Kondo Yuka , Arakawa Satoshi , Asai Koji , Mori Yasuhisa , Nagamachi Yukiko , Mizuno Shugo , Yagi Shintaro , Ohyama Tetsuji , Misawa Takeyuki , Sano Keiji , Itoi Takao , Taniai Nobuhiko , Unno Michiaki , Yamamoto Masakazu , Mayumi Toshihiko 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundSocratic method, which is an educational method to promote critical thinking through a dialogue, has never been practiced in a large number of people at the academic societies.MethodsModified Socratic method was performed for the first time as an educational seminar using an example case of moderate acute cholecystitis based on the evidence described in Tokyo Guidelines 2018. We adopted a method that Takada had been modifying for many years: the instructor first knows the degree of recognition of the audience, then the instructor gives a lecture in an easy‐to‐understand manner and receives questions from the audience, followed by repeated questions and answers toward a common recognition.ResultsUsing slides, video, and an answer pad, 281 participants including the audience, instructors and moderators came together to repeatedly ask and answer questions in the five sessions related to the case scenario. The recognition rate of the topic of Critical View of Safety increased significantly before vs after this method (53.0% vs 90.3%). The seminar had been successfully performed by receiving a lot of praise from the participants.ConclusionThis educational method is considered to be adopted by many academic societies in the future as an effective educational method.
Erdafitinib’s effect on serum phosphate justifies its pharmacodynamically guided dosing in patients with cancer
Authors: Dosne Anne‐Gaëlle , Valade Elodie , Stuyckens Kim , De Porre Peter , Avadhani Anjali , O’Hagan Anne , Li Lilian Y. , Ouellet Daniele , Faelens Ruben , Leirens Quentin , Poggesi Italo , Perez Ruixo Juan Jose 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA population pharmacokinetic (PK)–pharmacodynamic (PD) model was developed using data from 345 patients with cancer. The population PK‐PD model evaluated the effect of erdafitinib total and free plasma concentrations on serum phosphate concentrations after once‐daily oral continuous (0.5–12 mg) and intermittent (10–12 mg for 7 days on/7 days off) dosing, and investigated the potential covariates affecting erdafitinib‐related changes in serum phosphate levels. Phosphate is used as a biomarker for erdafitinib's efficacy and safety: increases in serum phosphate were observed after dosing with erdafitinib, which were associated with fibroblast growth factor receptor target engagement via inhibition of renal fibroblast growth factor 23–mediated signaling. PK‐PD model‐based simulations were performed to assess the approved PD‐guided dosing algorithm of erdafitinib (8 mg once‐daily continuous dosing, with up‐titration to 9 mg based on phosphate levels [<5.5 mg/dl] and tolerability at 14–21 days of treatment). The serum phosphate concentrations increased after the first dose and reached near maximal level after 14 days of continuous treatment. Serum phosphate increased with erdafitinib free drug concentrations: doubling the free concentration resulted in a 1.8‐fold increase in drug‐related phosphate changes. Dose adjustment after at least 14 days of dosing was supported by achievement of >95% maximal serum phosphate concentration. The peak‐to‐trough fluctuation within a dosing interval was limited for serum phosphate concentrations (5.68–5.65 mg/dl on Day 14), supporting phosphate monitoring at any time relative to dosing. Baseline phosphate was higher in women, otherwise, none of the investigated covariate–parameter relationships were considered clinically relevant. Simulations suggest that the starting dose of 8‐mg with up‐titration to 9‐mg on Days 14–21 maximized the number of patients within the target serum phosphate concentrations (5.5–7 mg/dl) while limiting the number of treatment interruptions. The findings from the PK‐PD model provided a detailed understanding of the erdafitinib concentration‐related phosphate changes over time, which supports erdafitinib's dosing algorithm.
Advanced Nanoengineering Approach for Target‐Specific, Spatiotemporal, and Ratiometric Delivery of Gemcitabine–Cisplatin Combination for Improved Therapeutic Outcome in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Tarannum Mubin , Hossain Md Akram , Holmes Bryce , Yan Shan , Mukherjee Pinku , Vivero‐Escoto Juan L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an intractable malignancy with a dismal survival rate. Recent combination therapies have had a major impact on the improvement of PDAC prognosis. Nevertheless, clinically used combination regimens such as FOLFIRINOX and gemcitabine (Gem)/nab‐paclitaxel still face major challenges due to lack of the safe and ratiometric delivery of multiple drugs. Here, a rationally designed mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN)‐based platform is reported for the target‐specific, spatiotemporal, ratiometric, and safe co‐delivery of Gem and cisplatin (cisPt). It is shown that systemic administration of the nanoparticles results in synergistic therapeutic outcome in a syngeneic and clinically relevant genetically engineered PDAC mouse model that has rarely been used for the therapeutic evaluation of nanomedicine. This synergism is associated with a strategic engineering approach, in which nanoparticles provide redox‐responsive controlled delivery and in situ differential release of Gem/cisPt drugs with the goal of overcoming resistance to Pt‐based drugs. The platform is also rendered with additional tumor‐specificity via a novel tumor‐associated mucin1 (tMUC1)‐specific antibody, TAB004. Overall, the platform suppresses tumor growth and eliminates the off‐target toxicities of a highly toxic chemotherapy combination.
Cost reduction for advanced driver assistance systems through hardware downscaling and deep learning
Authors: Sharma Neerav , Garg Rahul Dev 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWith the ever‐growing population density, transportation sector has become haphazard causing accidents and fatalities. It can be reduced by the effective utilization of intelligent transportation systems (ITS). The applications of advanced driver‐assistance systems (ADAS) and deep learning are trending globally with immense research potential and combined with ITS results into an intelligent system with decision‐taking capabilities. High‐priced driving modules are getting introduced day‐by‐day offering humongous processing power and computational capabilities. This research aims at utilizing the downscaled hardware for real‐time vehicular and pedestrian detection using a deep learning algorithm. YOLO v3 deep learning network is incorporated with NVIDIA series of GTX 1060 for real‐time object detection for assisting the ADAS systems. The system offers high precision (0.9618) of object detection in real time with high frame rate (74.36 fps). The comparative analysis between different GPU‐based hardware modules and the proposed module has been carried out keeping in mind the Indian context of automobile usages. The work lays a solid foundation for carrying out research for transportation analysis based on ADAS and deep learning for ITS such as real‐time congestion estimation and accident detection.
A combined flow cell–respiration box to quantify carbon transformation processes in undisturbed soil
Authors: Redweik Henrik , Rahlfs Moritz , Bachmann Jörg 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA new experimental laboratory design is introduced to analyze and quantify transport and turnover processes in top‐ and subsoils. The proposed technique allows the monitoring of transformation processes in an undisturbed soil matrix while preserving entirely intact soil particle interfaces. The experimental setup with undisturbed soil samples, which are embedded into two coupled gas sealed chambers, allows on‐time measurement of soil respiration processes under realistic moisture, water flux, and temperature conditions.
Light-cone distribution amplitudes of the nucleon and ∆ baryon
Authors: Kim June-Young , Kim Hyun-Chul , Polyakov Maxim V. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We investigate the light-cone wave functions and leading-twist distribution amplitudes for the nucleon and ∆ baryon within the framework of the chiral quark-soliton model. The baryon wave function consists of the valence quark and vacuum wave functions. The vacuum wave functions generate all possible higher Fock states by expanding them. We find that it is essential to consider the five-quark component and relativistic corrections to evaluate the distribution amplitudes of the nucleon and ∆ isobar. Having taken into account them, we derive the distribution amplitudes. The results are in good agreement with the lattice data.
Asymmetric accidental composite dark matter
Authors: Bottaro Salvatore , Costa Marco , Popov Oleg 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The goal of this work is to find the simplest UV completion of Accidental Composite Dark Matter Models (ACDM) that can dynamically generate an asymmetry for the DM candidate, the lightest dark baryon (DCb), and simultaneously annihilate the symmetric component. In this framework the DCb is a bound state of a confining SU(N)DC gauge group, and can interact weakly with the visible sector. The constituents of the DCb can possess non-trivial charges under the Standard Model gauge group. The generation of asymmetry for such candidate is a two-flavor variation of the out-of-equilibrium decay of a heavy scalar, with mass Mϕ ≳ 1010 GeV. Below the scale of the scalars, the models recover accidental stability, or long-livedness, of the DM candidate. The symmetric component is annihilated by residual confined interactions provided that the mass of the DCb mDCb ≲ 75 TeV. We implement the mechanism of asymmetry generation, or a variation of it, in all the original ACDM models, managing to generate the correct asymmetry for DCb of masses in this range. For some of the models found, the stability of the DM candidate is not spoiled even considering generic GUT completions or asymmetry generation mechanisms in the visible sector.
Million dollar personality: a systematic literature review on personality in crowdfunding
Authors: Neuhaus Julia , Isaak Andrew , Bostandzic Denefa 
Published: November 2021

AbstractExpressed personality traits can play a pivotal role in convincing investors in crowdfunding. Our study answers the research question: What is the current body of knowledge regarding the relationship between personality factors and crowdfunding success and where are knowledge gaps where the literature is silent? In our literature review, we therefore analyze and categorize (1) the results provided by quantitative studies on the relationship between the personality of entrepreneurs and crowdfunding success and (2) the research gaps identified by the authors investigating personality in crowdfunding. We find that studies investigating the entrepreneur's personality, i.e. the Big Five, other baseline personality traits (self-efficacy, innovativeness, locus of control, and need for achievement) and the Dark Triad, find positive relationships between openness and crowdfunding success, while narcissism shows an inverted u-shaped relationship with crowdfunding success across articles. However, the effects of other personality traits on crowdfunding success are largely inconclusive. Further, we identify four main gaps in the literature. First, future studies should examine non-linear relationships between expressed personality traits and crowdfunding success. Second, there is a need for more studies that employ different methods like qualitative or mixed-method approaches. Third, replication studies in similar and different contexts are urgently needed. Fourth, a plurality of personality perspectives would strengthen future research (e.g., investor perspective, third party perspective). To our knowledge this is the first literature review of personality traits in crowdfunding. Our work aims to enrich our understanding of individual-level components in the underexplored alternative finance market.
Genetic and biological characteristics of the globally circulating H5N8 avian influenza viruses and the protective efficacy offered by the poultry vaccine currently used in China
Authors: Cui Pengfei , Zeng Xianying , Li Xuyong , Li Yanbing , Shi Jianzhong , Zhao Conghui , Qu Zhiyuan , Wang Yanwen , Guo Jing , Gu Wenli , Ma Qi , Zhang Yuancheng , Lin Weipeng , Li Minghui , Tian Jingman , Wang Dongxue , Xing Xin , Liu Yanjing , Pan Shuxin , Zhang Yaping , Bao Hongmei , Liu Liling , Tian Guobin , Li Chengjun , Deng Guohua , Chen Hualan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe H5N8 avian influenza viruses have been widely circulating in wild birds and are responsible for the loss of over 33 million domestic poultry in Europe, Russia, Middle East, and Asia since January 2020. To monitor the invasion and spread of the H5N8 virus in China, we performed active surveillance by analyzing 317 wild bird samples and swab samples collected from 41,172 poultry all over the country. We isolated 22 H5N8 viruses from wild birds and 14 H5N8 viruses from waterfowls. Genetic analysis indicated that the 36 viruses formed two different genotypes: one genotype viruses were widely detected from different wild birds and domestic waterfowls; the other genotype was isolated from a whopper swan. We further revealed the origin and spatiotemporal spread of these two distinct H5N8 virus genotypes in 2020 and 2021. Animal studies indicated that the H5N8 isolates are highly pathogenic to chickens, mildly pathogenic in ducks, but have distinct pathotypes in mice. Moreover, we found that vaccinated poultry in China could be completely protected against H5N8 virus challenge. Given that the H5N8 viruses are likely to continue to spread in wild birds, vaccination of poultry is highly recommended in high-risk countries to prevent H5N8 avian influenza.
Altered structural brain networks in linguistic variants of frontotemporal dementia
Authors: Nigro Salvatore , Tafuri Benedetta , Urso Daniele , De Blasi Roberto , Cedola Alessia , Gigli Giuseppe , Logroscino Giancarlo ,   for the Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration Neuroimaging Initiative*
Published: November 2021

AbstractSemantic (svPPA) and nonfluent (nfvPPA) variants of primary progressive aphasia (PPA) have recently been associated with distinct patterns of white matter and functional network alterations in left frontoinsular and anterior temporal regions, respectively. Little information exists, however, about the topological characteristics of gray matter covariance networks in these two PPA variants. In the present study, we used a graph theory approach to describe the structural covariance network organization in 34 patients with svPPA, 34 patients with nfvPPA and 110 healthy controls. All participants underwent a 3 T structural MRI. Next, we used cortical thickness values and subcortical volumes to define subject-specific connectivity networks. Patients with svPPA and nfvPPA were characterized by higher values of normalized characteristic path length compared with controls. Moreover, svPPA patients had lower values of normalized clustering coefficient relative to healthy controls. At a regional level, patients with svPPA showed a reduced connectivity and impaired information processing in temporal and limbic brain areas relative to controls and nfvPPA patients. By contrast, local network changes in patients with nfvPPA were focused on frontal brain regions such as the pars opercularis and the middle frontal cortex. Of note, a predominance of local metric changes was observed in the left hemisphere in both nfvPPA and svPPA brain networks. Taken together, these findings provide new evidences of a suboptimal topological organization of the structural covariance networks in svPPA and nfvPPA patients. Moreover, we further confirm that distinct patterns of structural network alterations are related to neurodegenerative mechanisms underlying each PPA variant.
Cranial Anatomical Integration and Disparity Among Bones Discriminate Between Primates and Non-primate Mammals
Authors: Esteve-Altava Borja 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe primate skull hosts a unique combination of anatomical features among mammals, such as a short face, wide orbits, and big braincase. Together with a trend to fuse bones in late development, these features define the anatomical organization of the skull of primates—which bones articulate to each other and the pattern this creates. Here, I quantified the anatomical organization of the skull of 17 primates and 15 non-primate mammals using anatomical network analysis to assess how the skulls of primates have diverged from those of other mammals, and whether their anatomical differences coevolved with brain size. Results show that primates have a greater anatomical integration of their skulls and a greater disparity among bones than other non-primate mammals. Brain size seems to contribute in part to this difference, but its true effect could not be conclusively proven. This supports the hypothesis that primates have a distinct anatomical organization of the skull, but whether this is related to their larger brains remains an open question.
A field study to estimate the impact of noise barriers on mitigation of near road air pollution
Authors: Thiruvenkatachari Ranga Rajan , Ding Yifan , Pankratz David , Venkatram Akula 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAir pollution associated with vehicle emissions from roadways has been linked to a variety of adverse health effects. Wind tunnel and tracer studies show that noise barriers mitigate the impact of this pollution up to distances of 30 times the barrier height. Data from these studies have been used to formulate dispersion models that account for this mitigating effect. Before these models can be incorporated into Federal and State regulations, it is necessary to demonstrate their applicability under real-world conditions. This paper describes a comprehensive field study conducted in Riverside, CA, in 2019 to collect the data required to evaluate the performance of these models. Eight vehicles fitted with SF6 tracer release systems were driven in a loop on a 2-km stretch of Interstate 215 that had a 5-m tall noise barrier on the downwind side. The tracer, SF6, was sampled at over 40 locations at distances ranging from 5 to 200 m from the barrier. Meteorological data were measured with several 3-D sonic anemometers located upwind and downwind of the highway. The data set, corresponding to 10 h collected over 4 days, consists of information on emissions, tracer concentrations, and micrometeorological variables that can be used to evaluate barrier effects in dispersion models. An analysis of the data using a dispersion model indicates that current models are likely to overestimate concentrations, or underestimate the mitigation from barriers, at low wind speeds. We suggest an approach to correct this problem.
Compatibility of Concurrent Aerobic and Strength Training for Skeletal Muscle Size and Function: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Schumann Moritz , Feuerbacher Joshua F. , Sünkeler Marvin , Freitag Nils , Rønnestad Bent R. , Doma Kenji , Lundberg Tommy R. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Both athletes and recreational exercisers often perform relatively high volumes of aerobic and strength training simultaneously. However, the compatibility of these two distinct training modes remains unclear.

Objective
This systematic review assessed the compatibility of concurrent aerobic and strength training compared with strength training alone, in terms of adaptations in muscle function (maximal and explosive strength) and muscle mass. Subgroup analyses were conducted to examine the influence of training modality, training type, exercise order, training frequency, age, and training status.

Methods
A systematic literature search was conducted according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. PubMed/MEDLINE, ISI Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, and Scopus were systematically searched (12 August 2020, updated on 15 March 2021). Eligibility criteria were as follows. Population: healthy adults of any sex and age; Intervention: supervised concurrent aerobic and strength training for at least 4 weeks; Comparison: identical strength training prescription, with no aerobic training; Outcome: maximal strength, explosive strength, and muscle hypertrophy.

Results
A total of 43 studies were included. The estimated standardised mean differences (SMD) based on the random-effects model were − 0.06 (95% confidence interval [CI] − 0.20 to 0.09; p = 0.446), − 0.28 (95% CI − 0.48 to − 0.08; p = 0.007), and − 0.01 (95% CI − 0.16 to 0.18; p = 0.919) for maximal strength, explosive strength, and muscle hypertrophy, respectively. Attenuation of explosive strength was more pronounced when concurrent training was performed within the same session (p = 0.043) than when sessions were separated by at least 3 h (p > 0.05). No significant effects were found for the other moderators, i.e. type of aerobic training (cycling vs. running), frequency of concurrent training (> 5 vs. < 5 weekly sessions), training status (untrained vs. active), and mean age (< 40 vs. > 40 years).

Conclusion
Concurrent aerobic and strength training does not compromise muscle hypertrophy and maximal strength development. However, explosive strength gains may be attenuated, especially when aerobic and strength training are performed in the same session. These results appeared to be independent of the type of aerobic training, frequency of concurrent training, training status, and age.
PROSPERO: CRD42020203777.