bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ShortÃ¢â‚¬Âterm effects of organic and inorganic fertilizer applications on soil microbial properties
Authors: Ewusiâ€Mensah N. , Logah V. , Fening J. O. 
Published: August 2021

This paper reports the short Ã¢â‚¬Â term effects of organic and inorganic fertilizerapplications on the culturable resident bacterial and fungal properties of aFerric Acrisol in the semi Ã¢â‚¬Âdeciduous forest zone of Ghana after three continuouscropping seasons. The treatments were two compost types (i.e. 1:1compost comprising 1 part made up of Chromolaena, Stylosanthes, maizestover mixture and 1 part of cattle manure, 2:1 compost comprising 2 partsof Chromolaena, Stylosanthes, maize stover mixture and 1 part of cattle manure),cowdung, 100% NPK and a control replicated three times in a randomizedcomplete block design. The results showed that total microbial load on alogarithmic scale ranged from 4.6 cfu/g in the control to 5.4 on cowdungtreated plots. Bacterial counts on 2:1 compost applied at 5 t/ha treatedplots recorded 5% more bacteria than the 1:1 compost applied at 5 t/ha.Fungal counts in the control and inorganic treated plots were higher than theorganically amended plots. The highest and lowest microbial biomass C contentswere recorded on cowdung and 1:1 compost at 5 t/ha treated plotsrespectively. Microbial biomass N content ranged from 1.4 Ã¢â‚¬Â 8.2 mg N kgÃ¢â‚¬Â1soil with a mean value of 6.2 mg N kg Ã¢â‚¬Â1 soil. Microbial biomass P contentranged from 3.6 Ã¢â‚¬Â 6.3 mg P kgÃ¢â‚¬Â1 soil with a mean value of 5 mg P kgÃ¢â‚¬Â1 soil.Microbial biomass carbon to organic carbon ratio varied from 18.37 to 85.63.
Callus induction studies on Stevia rebaudiana and antibacterial screening of leaf extracts
Authors: Pande S. , Wani M. , Khetmalas Madhukar 
Published: August 2021

The medicinal plant Stevia rebaudiana (Asteraceae family) produces sweetsteviol glycosides in the leaves which can be used as a natural alternative toartificial sweetener. The propagation by seeds or other methods is not viabledue to the low rate of seed germination. The present study was focused oninduction and maintenance of callus from leaf explants of Stevia by usingdifferent concentrations of 2, 4 dichlorophenoxy acetic acid . Surface sterilizedleaf explants were inoculated in MS medium with vitamins, sucrose (30g l –1), agar (0.8% w/v) and supplemented with various concentrations of 2, 4Ã¢â‚¬ÂD (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3 mg l –1). Medium supplemented with 2.5 mg l–12, 4 Ã¢â‚¬ÂD showed best callus induction. Leaf extracts in different solvent systemswere screened for antimicrobial activity against some Gram Ã¢â‚¬Âpositiveand Gram Ã¢â‚¬Ânegative bacteria by disc diffusion method. The chloroform andmethanol extract of leaves exhibited a concentration dependent antibacterialinhibition.
Combined effect of nitrogen mixed with ozone on the mortality of storedÃ¢â‚¬Âgrain insects
Authors: Sadeghi Golam Reza , Pourmirza Ali Asgar , Safaralizade Mohammad Hasan 
Published: August 2021

A study was conducted to determine the effect of nitrogen mixed with ozoneon controlling stored Ã¢â‚¬Âgrain insects in the storehouse. Adults of Sitophilusoryzae (L.), Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), Oryzephilus surinamensis ºC and 65 ±5% r. h. Experiments were performed at different heights(10, 20, 40 and 50 cm) and nutrition materials (date, wheat and rice), inpenetration tests and empty Ã¢â‚¬Âspace tests. In emptyÃ¢â‚¬Âspace trials, the highestmortality was for P. interpunctella. In penetration tests, treatment with highpressurenitrogen and ozone under different height and foodstuff resulted indifferent rates of mortality. The mixture of nitrogen and ozone in the interactionbetween height and diet (heigh×diet) were not significant for all theinsects, but the mortality was significant at different height for R. dominicaand O. surinamensis. The influence of nitrogen and ozone in the date wasmore than in rice and wheat. The present findings allow us to suggest thatthe mixture of nitrogen and ozone can be used as suitable fumigant to alternatephosphine and methyl bromide under ambient storage conditions inpenetration and empty Ã¢â‚¬Âspace fumigations.(L.) and 3th larvae of Plodia interpunctella (Hubner)were exposed the mixture of nitrogen and ozone. After exposure period of24 h, the insects were transferred to clean jars containing food and held at27±2
Effects of selenium supplementation on the muscle contractile properties, fatigue and antioxidant enzymes activities of gastrocnemius muscles in trained and untrained rats
Authors: Alwan Mohanad R. , Krasilshchikov Oleksandr , Bin Tengku Muzaffar , Shihabudin Tengku Mohamad 
Published: August 2021

Selenium (Se) is an important component of cellular seleno Ã¢â‚¬Âcompounds andan integral component of glutathione Peroxidase (GPx), which catalyzes thereduction of harmful radicals produced during muscular exercise. The currentstudy was carried out to evaluate the muscle contractile properties andfatigue resistance of gastrocnemius muscle under selenium supplementationschemes in sedentary and exercise protocols as well as measure the antioxidantenzymes activity and lipid peroxidation. Rats were divided into fourgroups; sedentary Selenium supplementation (S), exercise Selenium (SE)groups, sedentary control (SC) and exercise control (EC) groups. The ratswere fed with 80 μg/kg body weights selenium for six weeks. The exerciseprotocol consisted the 40 jumps up to the height of 40 cm for 6 Ã¢â‚¬Âweek. Themuscle fatigue protocol consisted the trains of pulses of 40 Hz at every secondfor at least 2 min. Significant (P<0.05) increase was observed in treatedgroups than control in the muscle contractile properties like twitch tension(Pt), contraction time (CT) and twitch/tetanic tension Ratio (Pt/Po Ratio),tetanic tension (Po) and EMG amplitude. Decreased EMG failure and increasedfatigue index were observed in ES group. Moreover, a significant(P<0.05) increase and decrease in the GPx activity and lipid peroxidation respectivelywas also reported than SC and EC group. While there were nochanges reported in the activity of CAT and SOD enzymes. This study revealedthat the Se with jumping exercise induces muscle contractile propertiesand decreases the muscular fatigue.
Antibiotic susceptibility testing of bacteria in drinking water sources in AkungbaÃ¢â‚¬ÂAkoko, Ondo State, Nigeria
Authors: Ajayi A. O. , Agangan N. F. 
Published: August 2021

In present investigation, the bacteriological analysis and antibiotic sensitivitypattern of drinking water samples collected from different sources ofAkungba Ã¢â‚¬ÂAkoko, Nigeria was done. The antibiotics mainly considered in ourstudy for determining the sensitivity were amongst the commonly used inthis area for treatment of infectious diseases. As a result, the bacteriologicalindex, especially coliform count was observed notably high with 72 x10 1 cfu/ml for stream sample and 26.4 x 10 1 cfu/ml for borehole sample. The majorbacterial isolates identified in the water samples were Staphylococcus sp,E.coli Ã¢â‚¬Ânegative bacteria wereobserved showing 75% and 65% resistant to Septrin and Amoxicillin respectively.Also, multiple drug resistance was observed for many antibiotics.Therefore, the presence of high amount antibiotic resistant bacteria of clinicalimportance is reported in these water sources which are usually consumedby students and members of the University community. Hence, thisstudy necessitates the need for water treatment so that epidemics of waterbornebacterial disease can be averted in this region., Klebsiella sp, Pseudomonas sp., Enterococcus sp., Bacillus cereus andothers. With regards to the antibiotic sensitivity test, all isolates showed100% resistance to Ampicillin and Cloxacillin and 85.7% resistance to Zinnacef[a cephalosporin product]. However, the gram
Eupatorium triplinerve: a novel candidate for antimicrobial research
Authors: Sudha P , Reni A , Rajamani L , V Kavitha , P Sasikala , G Yazhini , Dhanapal Aruna 
Published: August 2021

Most of the people in rural and urban areas of the world were dependent onthe medicinal plants for the treatment of infectious diseases. The Ayurvedicand Unani systems of medicines are widely used by the people of Indian subcontinent.Among the different plant derivatives, secondary metabolitesproved to be the most important group of compounds that showed widerange of antibacterial and antifungal activity. Eupatorium triplinerve(Compositae) is a slender herb with narrow lanceolate leaves and large numberof pedicelled flower Ã¢â‚¬Âheads at the top of the branch. Extract of the plantis used as antiseptic, and in the treatment of various ulcers and haemorrhages. This paper reviews the antimicrobial potential of leaf extracts of eupatorium triplinerve.
A review on different therapeutic uses and antimicrobial potential of Garlic
Authors: Chaturvedi Rachna , Chaturvedi Sushil 
Published: August 2021

The objective of this review is to brie fly examine the therapeutic uses of garlic( Allium sativum), a member of family Liliaceae in prevention and treatmentof diseases, as it is considered to be a herbal "wonder drug". Garlic isone of the earliest found Herbs known for their culinary and medicinal valuestherefore, employed in entire world as food spice as well as therapeuticagent for the treatment of diseases and maintenance of human health. Today,it stands as the second most utilized food supplement. Diseases thatmay be treated or prevented by garlic’s medicinal activity include cancer,diabetes, drug toxicity, osteoporosis and cardiovascular diseases (includingstrokes, hypertension, and thrombosis). Garlic’s current principal medicinaluses are to prevent and treat cardiovascular disease by lowering blood pressureby 5 â€Â7% and cholesterol concentration approximately by 10%. It alsoinhibits the platelet aggregation and enhances fibrinolytic activity, reducingclotting on damaged endothelium. Due to its sulfur containing compounds,high trace mineral content, and enzymes, the garlic has shown the antimicrobial,(anti â€Âviral, antiâ€Âbacterial, antiâ€Âfungal) and antioxidant abilities. Though,it is safe as food supplement but in some sensitive persons, it can cause gastrointestinalirritation, and of course, halitosis.
Evaluation of anti bacterial potential of ZnOÃ¢â‚¬ÂAu nanocomposites
Authors: Femi V , Prabha P H , Sudha P , Jerald A L , Reni A 
Published: August 2021

In the present investigation, the ZnO Ã¢â‚¬ÂAu nanocomposites were prepared bydissolving the Zinc Nitrate and Chloroauric acid in 1:1 concentration in thepresence of Sodium Hydroxide. Formation of nanocomposites was observedby a change in color from a colorless solution to yellowish white precipitate.Furthermore, characterization of ZnO Ã¢â‚¬ÂAu nanocomposities were done byusing Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), UV absorption Spectroscopy, ScanningElectron Microscopy (SEM) and X Ã¢â‚¬Âray Diffraction (XRD) to determine theparticle size, absorption, morphological studies and crystalline structure.Moreover, under the evaluation of anti Ã¢â‚¬Âmicrobial potential of synthesizedcomposites, a great promise as anti Ã¢â‚¬Âbacterial agent was observed which canfind versatile applications in the fields such as medical devices and antimicrobialsystems.
Toll like Receptors: The immunomediators of innate and acquired immunity and the targets of therapeutic concern
Authors: Singh Desh D , Dwivedi L K , Amdekar Sarika , Singh Vinod 
Published: August 2021

Toll Ã¢â‚¬Âlike Receptors (TLRs) are identified as pattern recognition receptors(PRRs) present in vertebrates and invertebrates which recognize the pathogen Ã¢â‚¬Âassociated molecular patterns (PAMPs) shared by pathogens. They are atype of innate immune receptors, involved in the cytokine production, cellularactivation and phagocytosis of microorganisms during microbial infection.They exist on various immune cells therefore, considered for targeted immunotherapeuticresearch in current approaches. In the present review, wehave extensively discussed that how TLRs play a crucial role in mediating the innate immune response and forming a bridge between innate and adaptiveimmunity. Moreover, their role in immunological disorders and treatment ofhuman diseases is also discussed in length.
Effect of gamma irradiations on seed germination and seedling survival of Stevia rebaudiana Bert.
Authors: Pande Snehal , Khetmalas Madhukar 
Published: August 2021

Stevia rebaudianaÂ Â Stevia rebaudianaÂ Â Stevia started simultaneously 7 days after sowing. Differencesin the germination and survival percent were recorded in the first generation.High dose of Gamma irradiation increased delay in days of germinationand maturity. The germination and survival percent decreased with increasingdosage of gamma radiations. The data on days to germination, germinationpercentage and survival percentage, indicated that low dose ofgamma radiation had very less effect on germination ofÂ Stevia seeds. It wasnoticed that up to 5 to 10 KR dose there was no statistically significant differencein seed germination as compared to control. However, germinationpercentage was significantly affected by higher doses of gamma rays.seeds. The seeds were given 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 KR(Kiloradians) exposures. Gamma irradiated seeds were treated with sodiumazide and colchicines solution for 4 h separately. Germination in control andtreated seeds ofÂ Bert. produces sweet steviol glycosides in the leaves. Currentinvestigation was carried out to study effects of gamma irradiations on
Morphological and physiological traits associated with seed yield in different chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes under irrigated andwaterâ€deficit environments
Authors: Talebi Reza , Karami Ezzat 
Published: August 2021

The morpho â€physiological traits associated with seed yield in chickpea (Cicerarietinum L.) were evaluated on thirty five chickpea genotypes under twodifferent water regimes. In optimum condition, the highest correlation wasbelonged to number of seeds/plant and number of pods/plant (0.944**) andin water deficit condition, the strongest correlation of seed yield was observedwith number of seeds/plant (0.875**), number of pods/plant(0.789**) and 100 â€seed weight (0.438**). Physiological traits (RWC, Chlorophylland Carotenoid) indicated low and positive correlation with yield, buthigh positive correlation with other seeds yields related traits in optimumcondition while, under water deficit condition, chlorophyll content and RWChad low and non â€significant negative correlation with seeds yield. Carotenoid,number of seeds/plant and 100 â€seed weight showed more direct positiveeffect on yield in optimum environment and in stress condition, numberof seeds/ plant and 100 â€seed weight showed highest direct effect on seedyield. Results of factor analysis showed that four factors explained 88.54%and 34.5% of the total variance caused in the characters in optimum andwater deficit environment, respectively. In general, the results suggestedthat a chickpea cultivar, for increased yield under non â€stress conditions,should have maximum number of seeds and pods per plant and under stressconditions should have maximum number of seeds and pods per plant andalso keep the high level of RWC and chlorophyll content in their leaves. Thus,identifying these traits as selection criteria in chickpea breeding programmay be useful for breeders to introduce suitable drought resistant chickpeacultivars for arid regions.
Identification of factors regulating the Cu2+ efflux in copper tolerant (Cur) strain of Nostoc calcicola
Authors: Prajapati Omendra Kumar , Pandey Pramod Kumar 
Published: August 2021

Copper is a well known micronutrient, an algaecide, metal component ofthylakoidal plastocyanin and superoxidase dismutase. The Cu 2+ efflux is thesole mechanism responsible to develop copper tolerance in Nostoc calcicola.Copper tolerant/ resistant (Cu r) strain showed time dependent (0â€60 min)Cu 2+ efflux whereas no efflux was reported in the Cu sensitive (Cus) N. calcicolacells. The Cu 2+ efflux depends on the presence of photogenic ATP whileit is inhibited around 95% in the dark growing cells. The ATP, supplied externallyto these cells could restore 50% cations efflux compared to no improvementin light growing cells which suggests that the photosynthetically generatedenergy in later case was optimum to drive Cu 2+ efflux. Metabolic inhibitorssuch as mercaptothanol, azide, N, N’ â€dicyclohexylcarbodimide and pâ€Chloromercuribenzoate inhibit the metal efflux at different level. Cu 2+ effluxin the Cu r strain initiated only for 100â€fold lower Cu concentration in the externalmedium (0.6 μM Cu). The Cu2+ efflux rate for 1000â€fold diluted set at 1h suggested that higher dilution or the lower amounts of Cu (0.06 μM) offeredregulation for the efflux event. These findings suggested the use of Cu rstrain in bioleaching program for metal removal in repetitive cycles withoutany measurable loss.
Evaluation of acute toxicity of zinc, lead and cadmium to zooplanktonic community in upper Berach river system, Rajasthan, India
Authors: Chishty Nadim , Tripathi Anil , Sharma Madhusudan 
Published: August 2021

Current study investigated through static bioassay, the acute toxicity of Zinc,Lead and Cadmium to fresh water zooplankters in the upper Berach riversystem which is a part of Gangetic river system. The river basin stretchesfrom Madar tank to Sarjana tank with a total length of 46 Km, including ninewater bodies i.e. Bada madar tank (73Â‹36Âf0ÂfÂfE and 24Â‹38Âf0ÂhN ), Chhotamadar tank, Fateh sagar lake, Udaisagar lake, UpÂ]stream pond (BichhdiÂ]I),DownÂ]stream pond(BichhdiÂ]II), Gadwa, Daroli and Sarjana tank (73Â‹ 57Âf10ÂhEand 24Â‹14Âf30Âh N). Whole zooplanktonic communities were exposed to different heavy metal stresses. Exposed zooplanktonic community included nine planktonic forms i.e. Heliodiaptomus viduus, Mesocyclops hyalinus, Heterocypris, Daphnia lumholtzi, Moina, Brachionus, Monostyla, Filinia. Cadmium was found to be most toxic and Zinc was least toxic to zooplankton. Ostracods and Cyclops were resistant forms and rotifers were sensitive forms in relation to metallic exposure. Sensitivity pattern observed during laboratory experiments was found to be in accordance with biodiversity variation of zooplankton in different ponds of Berach river system.
Ameliorative effects of Withania somnifera, Azadirachta indica, Tinospora cordifolia and E care Se herbal preparations on chicken infectious anaemia virus induced haematological changes in chicks and their live body weights
Authors: Lateef Shyma K. , Dhama K. , Wani M. Y. , Samad H. A. , Tiwari R. , Singh S. D. 
Published: August 2021

The present study was performed to evaluate the potential of four herbal preparations namely Withania somnifera, Tinospora cordifolia, Azadirachta indica and E Care Se Herbal against the haematological effects of chicken infectious anaemia virus (CIAV) in chicks and their live body weight gains. Briefly, six experimental groups (A to F), containing fifteen chicks each, were treated with herbal preparations separately from day old age. The chicks of Groups A to D were fed with W. somnifera (1% pure extract), T. cordifolia (1% pure extract), A. indica (0.2% pure extract) and E Care Se Herbal (0.1% in drinking water), respectively, while groups E and F were kept as virus positive and control group, respectively. Groups A to E were given infection with 40 times 50% chicken infectious dose (CID50) of CIAV A strain intra-muscularly on 14th day of age. Haematological parameters and body weight of the chicks of all the groups were recorded at weekly intervals for upto 10 weeks. The chicks of herbal treatment groups (A-D) showed significant improvement in their mean body weight gain and haematological indices viz., packed cell volume, haemoglobin level, total white blood cell, red blood cell and percentage lymphocyte counts, when compared with the virus infected group (E). In conclusion, the prophylactic/therapeutic application of these herbal preparations is suggested to combat depressed haematological parameters and stunted growth in chicks during CIAV infection. Further explorative studies would strengthen the potential role of herbs against this economically important avian pathogen causing huge economic losses to poultry farmers.
Serum vascular endothelial growth factor C & D in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Chandra Saumya , Shilpi Priyanka , Goel Madhu Mati , Makker Annu , Nayak Seema , Gupta Shalini , Bhatt M L 
Published: August 2021

Metastasis to regional lymph nodes via lymphatic vessels plays a key role in oral cancer progression. Tumor lymphangiogenesis is known to promote lymphatic metastasis and vascular endothelial growth factor C and D are the critical activator of tumor lymphangiogenesis during the process of metastasis. In this study, we evaluated the correlation between pretreatment serum levels of VEGF-C&D in oral cancer and clinicopathological features in patients with oral cancer. Serum VEGF-C and sVEGF-D were measured by enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay (ELISA) on 98 patients with oral cancer, 49 cases with healthy normal controls. Serum VEGF-C and sVEGF-D levels were significantly higher in patients with oral cancer than in the normal healthy group (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively). Subgroup analysis showed that lymph node metastasis (p=0.001) and histological grading (p=0.05) were correlated with elevated level of VEGF-C. Elevated level of VEGF-D were associated with lymph node metastasis (p=0.001) only. Serum VEGF-C AUC was higher than the VEGF-D AUC in detecting lymph node metastasis. These results suggest that pretreatment serum levels of VEGF-C & VEGF-D reflect lymph node metastasis and advanced stage of oral cancer.
Antibacterial activity of Lactobacilli detected in Algerian raw honeys against gram-negative bacteria
Authors: Mounia Homrani , Fatiha Dalache , Mohammed Bouzouina , Said Nemmiche , AbdelKader Homrani 
Published: August 2021

This study reports the isola on of Lactobacilli from Four (n=04) typical Apis Mellifeca raw honey samples collected from different regions in Algeria and the evalua on of their an bacterial ac vi es against Gram-negative bacteria. The isolation of Lactobacilli was performed using different media. Isolates were identified firrstly by catalase test, Gram staining and cells morphology, and confirmed by MALDI-TOF-MS. An bacterial activities of Bacterial cultures of selected Lactobacilli and their cell free supernatants were tested by agar spot assays and agar well diffusion assay. A total of eighteen (n=18) bacteria isolated from honey samples were presump vely iden ed as Lac- tobacillus spp. based on their posi ve Gram reactions, absence of catalase and their rod shape. MALDI-TOF MS iden ca on confirmed that all isolates were classified as Lactobacillus genus, but the results for their species were inconclusive with uncertainty between, Lactobacillus pentosus, Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus paraplantarum. Isolates exhibited an microbial activity with inhibition zone diameters ranging from 11 ± 1.41 mm to 17.5 ± 0.71 mm. 6 on 11 Lactobacilli Supernatants demonstrated inhibitory ac vity against all target bacteria. This study reveals the existence of Lactobacilli in Algerian raw Honeys. These Lactobacilli possess an bacterial properties against Gram-negative bacteria, often responsible of human infections, and can be a favorable substitute to antibiotics.