bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using subnivean camera traps to study Arctic small mammal community dynamics during winter
Authors: Mölle Jonas P. , Kleiven Eivind F. , Ims Rolf A. , Soininen Eeva M. 
Published: May 2021

Small rodents are a key indicator to understand the effect of rapidly changing winter climate on Arctic tundra ecosystems. However, monitoring rodent populations through the long Arctic winter by means of conventional traps has, until now, been hampered by snow cover and harsh ambient conditions. Here, we conduct the first extensive assessment of the utility of a newly developed camera trap to study the winter dynamics of small mammals in the Low Arctic tundra of northern Norway. Forty functional cameras were motion-triggered 20 172 times between September 2014 and July 2015, mainly by grey-sided voles (Myodes rufocanus (Sundevall, 1846)), tundra voles (Microtus oeconomus (Pallas, 1776)), Norwegian lemmings (Lemmus lemmus (Linnaeus, 1758)) and shrews (Sorex spp.). These data proved to be suitable for dynamical modelling of species-specific site occupancy rates. The occupancy rates of all recorded species declined sharply and synchronously at the onset of the winter. This decline happened concurrently with changes in the ambient conditions recorded by time-lapse images of snow and water. Our study demonstrates the potential of subnivean camera traps for elucidating novel aspects of year-round dynamics of Arctic small mammal communities.
Notas sobre o fazer de uma psicóloga escolar na pandemia
Authors: Souza Carolina Apolinário de 
Published: May 2021

Sabemos que o ato de educar é uma prática social discursiva, imergindo a criança na linguagem e a tornando capaz de fazer laço social. Entretanto, o ensino a distância (EAD) impôs-se como realidade atual. Como consequência, as restrições sociais e esse novo modo de estar na escola impactaram a saúde mental de alunos, de pais e de professores, e o psicólogo escolar foi convidado a ajudar na construção de formas possíveis de atravessamento do mal-estar. Este artigo, portanto, propõe reflexões acerca do meu trabalho como psicóloga escolar de orientação psicanalítica. Atuando em uma escola particular, durante uma pandemia que afastou os alunos da escola, defendo que a escola seja um “lugar de vida” (Kupfer, 2010), constituindo-se como palco de construção de sentidos para experiências prazerosas e desafiadoras.
Subarachnoid hemorrhage in the emergency department
Authors: Patel Sima , Parikh Amay , Okorie Okorie Nduka 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Subarachnoid hemorrhage accounts for more than 30,000 cases of stroke annually in North America and encompasses a 4.4% mortality rate. Since a vast number of subarachnoid hemorrhage cases present in a younger population and can range from benign to severe, an accurate diagnosis is imperative to avoid premature morbidity and mortality. Here, we present a straightforward approach to evaluating, risk stratifying, and managing subarachnoid hemorrhages in the emergency department for the emergency medicine physician.

Discussion
The diversities of symptom presentation should be considered before proceeding with diagnostic modalities for subarachnoid hemorrhage. Once a subarachnoid hemorrhage is suspected, a computed tomography of the head with the assistance of the Ottawa subarachnoid hemorrhage rule should be utilized as an initial diagnostic measure. If further investigation is needed, a CT angiography of the head or a lumbar puncture can be considered keeping risks and limitations in mind. Initiating timely treatment is essential following diagnosis to help mitigate future complications. Risk tools can be used to assess the complications for which the patient is at greatest.

Conclusion
Subarachnoid hemorrhages are frequently misdiagnosed; therefore, we believe it is imperative to address the diagnosis and initiation of early management in the emergency medicine department to minimize poor outcomes in the future.
DSCMF: prediction of LncRNA-disease associations based on dual sparse collaborative matrix factorization
Authors: Liu Jin-Xing , Gao Ming-Ming , Cui Zhen , Gao Ying-Lian , Li Feng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn the development of science and technology, there are increasing evidences that there are some associations between lncRNAs and human diseases. Therefore, finding these associations between them will have a huge impact on our treatment and prevention of some diseases. However, the process of finding the associations between them is very difficult and requires a lot of time and effort. Therefore, it is particularly important to find some good methods for predicting lncRNA-disease associations (LDAs).ResultsIn this paper, we propose a method based on dual sparse collaborative matrix factorization (DSCMF) to predict LDAs. The DSCMF method is improved on the traditional collaborative matrix factorization method. To increase the sparsity, the L2,1-norm is added in our method. At the same time, Gaussian interaction profile kernel is added to our method, which increase the network similarity between lncRNA and disease. Finally, the AUC value obtained by the experiment is used to evaluate the quality of our method, and the AUC value is obtained by the ten-fold cross-validation method.ConclusionsThe AUC value obtained by the DSCMF method is 0.8523. At the end of the paper, simulation experiment is carried out, and the experimental results of prostate cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer and colorectal cancer are analyzed in detail. The DSCMF method is expected to bring some help to lncRNA-disease associations research. The code can access thehttps://github.com/Ming-0113/DSCMFwebsite.
IIMLP: integrated information-entropy-based method for LncRNA prediction
Authors: Li Junyi , Li Huinian , Ye Xiao , Zhang Li , Xu Qingzhe , Ping Yuan , Jing Xiaozhu , Jiang Wei , Liao Qing , Liu Bo , Wang Yadong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe prediction of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) has attracted great attention from researchers, as more and more evidence indicate that various complex human diseases are closely related to lncRNAs. In the era of bio-med big data, in addition to the prediction of lncRNAs by biological experimental methods, many computational methods based on machine learning have been proposed to make better use of the sequence resources of lncRNAs.ResultsWe developed the lncRNA prediction method by integrating information-entropy-based features and machine learning algorithms. We calculate generalized topological entropy and generate 6 novel features for lncRNA sequences. By employing these 6 features and other features such as open reading frame, we apply supporting vector machine, XGBoost and random forest algorithms to distinguish human lncRNAs. We compare our method with the one which has more K-mer features and results show that our method has higher area under the curve up to 99.7905%.ConclusionsWe develop an accurate and efficient method which has novel information entropy features to analyze and classify lncRNAs. Our method is also extendable for research on the other functional elements in DNA sequences.
TREM2 promotes natural killer cell development in CD3−CD122+NK1.1+ pNK cells
Authors: Lee Hwa-Youn , Lee Eun-Hee , Yi Jawoon , Ji Kon-Young , Kim Su-Man , Choi Ha-Rim , Yee Su-Min , Kang Hyung-Sik , Kim Eun-Mi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundTriggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) signaling is considered to regulate anti-inflammatory responses in macrophages, dendritic cell maturation, osteoclast development, induction of obesity, and Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis. However, little is known regarding the effect of TREM2 on natural killer (NK) cells.ResultsHere, we demonstrated for the first time that CD3−CD122+NK1.1+precursor NK (pNK) cells expressed TREM2 and their population increased in TREM2-overexpressing transgenic (TREM2-TG) mice compared with that in female C57BL/6 J wild type (WT) mice. Both NK cell-activating receptors and NK cell-associated genes were expressed at higher levels in various tissues of TREM2-TG mice than in WT mice. In addition, bone marrow-derived hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) of TREM2-TG mice (TG-HSCs) successfully differentiated into NK cells in vitro, with a higher yield from TG-HSCs than from WT-HSCs. In contrast, TREM2 signaling inhibition by TREM2-Ig or a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor affected the expression of the NK cell receptor repertoire and decreased the expression levels of NK cell-associated genes, resulting in significant impairment of NK cell differentiation. Moreover, in melanoma-bearing WT mice, injection of bone marrow cells from TREM2-TG mice exerted greater antitumor effects than that with cells from WT control mice.ConclusionsCollectively, our data clearly showed that TREM2 promoted NK cell development and tumor regression, suggesting TREM2 as a new candidate for cancer immunotherapy.
Cancer-associated mutations reveal a novel role for EpCAM as an inhibitor of cathepsin-L and tumor cell invasion
Authors: Sankpal Narendra V. , Brown Taylor C. , Fleming Timothy P. , Herndon John M. , Amaravati Anusha A. , Loynd Allison N. , Gillanders William E. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
EpCAM (Epithelial cell adhesion molecule) is often dysregulated in epithelial cancers. Prior studies implicate EpCAM in the regulation of oncogenic signaling pathways and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. It was recently demonstrated that EpCAM contains a thyroglobulin type-1 (TY-1) domain. Multiple proteins with TY-1 domains are known to inhibit cathepsin-L (CTSL), a cysteine protease that promotes tumor cell invasion and metastasis. Analysis of human cancer sequencing studies reveals that somatic EpCAM mutations are present in up to 5.1% of tested tumors.

Methods
The Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC) database was queried to tabulate the position and amino acid changes of cancer associated EpCAM mutations. To determine how EpCAM mutations affect cancer biology we studied C66Y, a damaging TY-1 domain mutation identified in liver cancer, as well as 13 other cancer-associated EpCAM mutations. In vitro and in vivo models were used to determine the effect of wild type (WT) and mutant EpCAM on CTSL activity and invasion. Immunoprecipitation and localization studies tested EpCAM and CTSL protein binding and determined compartmental expression patterns of EpCAM mutants.

Results
We demonstrate that WT EpCAM, but not C66Y EpCAM, inhibits CTSL activity in vitro, and the TY-1 domain of EpCAM is responsible for this inhibition. WT EpCAM, but not C66Y EpCAM, inhibits tumor cell invasion in vitro and lung metastases in vivo. In an extended panel of human cancer cell lines, EpCAM expression is inversely correlated with CTSL activity. Previous studies have demonstrated that EpCAM germline mutations can prevent EpCAM from being expressed at the cell surface. We demonstrate that C66Y and multiple other EpCAM cancer-associated mutations prevent surface expression of EpCAM. Cancer-associated mutations that prevent EpCAM cell surface expression abrogate the ability of EpCAM to inhibit CTSL activity and tumor cell invasion.

Conclusions
These studies reveal a novel role for EpCAM as a CTSL inhibitor, confirm the functional relevance of multiple cancer-associated EpCAM mutations, and suggest a therapeutic vulnerability in cancers harboring EpCAM mutations.
The changes in socioeconomic inequalities and inequities in health services utilization among patients with hypertension in Pearl River Delta of China, 2015 and 2019
Authors: Liu Yan , Liu Nan , Cheng Mengjiao , Peng Xin , Huang Junxuan , Ma Jinxiang , Wang Peixi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Assessing inequities in health services utilization contributes to build effective strategies for health equity promotion. This study aimed to evaluate the socioeconomic inequalities and inequities in health services utilization among hypertensive patients and explore the changes between 2015 and 2019 in Pearl River Delta of China.

Methods
The cross-sectional surveys were conducted using the questionnaire. Eight hundred thirty and one thousand one hundred sixty-six hypertensive patients in 2015 and 2019 were interviewed, respectively. The concentration index (CI) and the horizontal inequity index (HI) were used to access the socioeconomic inequalities and horizontal inequities in outpatient and inpatient health services use. The contribution of influential factors to the overall inequalities was estimated via the concentration index decomposition. Oaxaca-type decomposition technique was utilized to measure the changes in socioeconomic inequalities between the observation periods.

Results
In 2015 and 2019, the CIs for outpatient and inpatient utilization decreased from 0.1498 to 0.1198, 0.1982 to 0.1648, respectively, and the HIs for outpatient and inpatient utilization decreased from 0.1478 to 0.1078, 0.1956 to 0.1390, respectively. Economic status contributed the maximum ratio of the socioeconomic inequalities in the use of outpatient service (81.05% in 2015, 112.89% in 2019) and inpatient service (82.46% in 2015, 114.68% in 2019) in these 2 years. Oaxaca decomposition revealed that educational level (78.30% in outpatient, 53.79% in inpatient) and time to the nearest health facilities (66.78% in outpatient, 31.06% in inpatient) made the main positive contributions to decline the inequalities. While the main factor pushing the equalities toward deterioration was economic status (− 46.11% in outpatient, −76.56% in inpatient).

Conclusion
There were certain declines in the socioeconomic inequalities and inequities in health services utilization by hypertensive patients in Pearl River Delta of China over time. The widening economic gap was the largest contribution to the observed inequalities. Interventions to protect the vulnerable group deserve further concern from policy makers.
Stress- and smoke free pregnancy study protocol: a randomized controlled trial of a personalized eHealth intervention including heart rate variability-biofeedback to support pregnant women quit smoking via stress reduction
Authors: van Dijk Willeke , Oosterman Mirjam , Jansen Imke , de Vente Wieke , Huizink Anja 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Maternal smoking and stress during pregnancy are associated with adverse health effects for women themselves and are risk factors for adverse developmental outcomes of the unborn child. Smoking and stress seem to be intertwined in various ways. First, the majority of smoking pregnant women is of lower socio-economic status, which is associated with higher levels of perceived stress. Second, smoking women often report to smoke because they feel stressed. Third, quitting smoking often increases perceived stress levels initially. Therefore, effective interventions are needed to support women with smoking cessation by reducing stress. The aim of this study is to test the effectiveness of an eHealth intervention on stress reduction and smoking cessation.

Methods/design
The Stress- and Smoke Free Start of Life (SSFSL) study is a randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing a personalized eHealth intervention with a control condition. Inclusion criteria for the women are: (1) > 18 years of age, (2) < 28 weeks pregnant at recruitment, (3) currently smoking. Consenting participants will be randomly assigned to the intervention or control group. Participants allocated to the intervention group will receive an 8-week intervention delivered on their smartphone. The application includes psycho-education on pregnancy, stress, and smoking (cessation); stress-management training consisting of Heart Rate Variability-biofeedback; and a personalized stop-smoking-plan. Participants in the control condition will be invited to visit a webpage with information on pregnancy, stress, and smoking (cessation). Study outcomes will be collected via online questionnaires, at four timepoints: pre-intervention (baseline; t0), post-intervention (8 weeks + 1 day after t0; t1), follow up at two weeks after birth (t2), and follow up at three months after birth (t3). The primary outcome measure is self-reported smoking cessation. Secondary outcomes include daily self-reported number of cigarettes smoked, perceived stress, pregnancy experience, birth outcomes, and negative affectivity scores of the baby. Moreover, the mediating effect of stress reduction on smoking cessation will be examined, and possible moderators will be tested.

Discussion
If the eHealth intervention is effective in smoking cessation among pregnant smoking women, it can be implemented as a tool into the health care in the Netherlands.

Trial registration
Netherlands Trial Register, ID: NL8156. Registered on 11 November 2019.
Protocol for the Mason: Health Starts Here prospective cohort study of young adult college students
Authors: Cuellar Alison E. , Adams Leah M. , de Jonge Lilian , Espina Virginia , Espinoza Laurette , Fischer Sarah F. , Frankenfeld Cara L. , Hines Denise A. , Kornienko Olga , Lawrence Heidi Y. , Rana Ziaul H. , Ramezani Niloofar , Rossheim Matthew E. , Short Jerome L. , Waithaka Eric N. , Wilson Alyssa N. , Cheskin Lawrence J. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Young adulthood is a period of increasing independence for the 40% of young adults enrolled in U.S. colleges. Previous research indicates differences in how students’ health behaviors develop and vary by gender, race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. George Mason University is a state institution that enrolls a highly diverse student population, making it an ideal setting to launch a longitudinal cohort study using multiple research methods to evaluate the effects of health behaviors on physical and psychological functioning, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results
Mason: Health Starts Here was developed as a longitudinal cohort study of successive waves of first year students that aims to improve understanding of the natural history and determinants of young adults’ physical health, mental health, and their role in college completion. The study recruits first year students who are 18 to 24 years old and able to read and understand English. All incoming first year students are recruited through various methods to participate in a longitudinal cohort for 4 years. Data collection occurs in fall and spring semesters, with online surveys conducted in both semesters and in-person clinic visits conducted in the fall. Students receive physical examinations during clinic visits and provide biospecimens (blood and saliva).

Conclusions
The study will produce new knowledge to help understand the development of health-related behaviors during young adulthood. A long-term goal of the cohort study is to support the design of effective, low-cost interventions to encourage young adults’ consistent performance of healthful behaviors, improve their mental health, and improve academic performance.
Production of IgY polyclonal antibody against diphtheria toxin and evaluation of its neutralization effect by Vero cell assay
Authors: Rezaeifard Morteza , Solhi Roya , Mohammadi Mohammad , Abbasi Ebrahim , Aminian Mahdi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundDiphtheria is a bacterial disease which is caused byCorynebacterium diphtheriae. The symptoms are due to the diphtheria toxin produced by the bacteria. Antibiotic therapy and the use of diphtheria antitoxin is a recommended strategy to control diphtheria. Although mammalian antibodies are used to treat patients, IgY antibody has advantages over mammalian ones, including cost-effectiveness and production through non-invasive means. Moreover, in contrast to mammalian antibodies, IgY does not bind to the rheumatoid factor and does not activate the complement system. The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro neutralizing effect of IgY against diphtheria toxin.ResultsAnti-DT IgY was produced by immunization of the laying white leghorn chickens. Indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealed successful immunization of the animals, and the IgY was purified with a purity of 93% via polyethylene glycol precipitation method. The neutralizing activity of the purified IgY was evaluated by Vero cell viability assay. This assay confirmed that 1.95 μg (8.6 μg/ml of culture medium) of anti-DT IgY would neutralize 10 fold of cytotoxic dose 99% of DT, which was 0.3 ng (1.33 ng/ml of culture medium).ConclusionThis anti-DT IgY may be applicable for diphtheria treatment and quality controls in vaccine production.
Psychosocial, emotional and professional challenges faced by female healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 outbreak in Lahore, Pakistan: a qualitative study
Authors: Shahbaz Sumbal , Ashraf Muhammad Zeshan , Zakar Rubeena , Fischer Florian 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is spreading rapidly, increasing the stress and challenges for healthcare professionals around the world. This study aims to discover the psychosocial, emotional and professional challenges faced by female healthcare professionals (HCPs) treating COVID-19 patients in Pakistan.MethodsUsing an empirical phenomenological methodology, semi-structured telephone-based qualitative interviews were conducted with 22 female HCPs who were providing their expertise for COVID-19 patients in tertiary-level hospitals in Lahore, Pakistan. Purposive sampling was used for recruitment. The interviews were conducted between 20 July and 20 August 2020. The interviews were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsThis study explored the psychosocial, emotional and professional challenges faced by female HCPs serving COVID-19 patients. Five themes were observed in the interviews: apprehension while treating COVID-19 patients; feelings towards COVID-19 patients; challenges as female HCPs and coping strategies; confidence in government, administration and self-reflection; and finally, future concerns and recommendations. Many of these themes have also been linked with cultural issues, making the results specific to Pakistan.ConclusionsDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, female frontline HCPs have faced immense psychosocial pressure, ranging from unsupportive family norms to an unwelcoming working environment and insensitive hospital administrations. Moreover, rumours among the general public, lack of proper training, missing incentives and improper system surveillance have increased the anxiety and stress among HCPs. Hence, legislators are advised to take appropriate actions countrywide in order to alleviate the still ongoing challenges and support female HCPs in their working environment.