bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying long-term health and economic outcomes for survivors of group B Streptococcus invasive disease in infancy: protocol of a multi-country study in Argentina, India, Kenya, Mozambique and South Africa
Authors: Paul Proma , Procter Simon R. , Dangor Ziyaad , Bassat Quique , Abubakar Amina , Santhanam Sridhar , Libster Romina , Gonçalves Bronner P. , Madhi Shabir A. , Bardají Azucena , Mwangome Eva , Mabrouk Adam , John Hima B. , Sánchez Yanotti Clara , Chandna Jaya , Sithole Pamela , Mucasse Humberto , Katana Patrick V. , Koukounari Artemis , Harden Lois M. , Aerts Celine , Ghoor Azra , Leahy Shannon , Mbatha Sibongile , Lowick Sarah , Lala Sanjay G. , Bramugy Justina , Newton Charles , Hossain A. K. M. Tanvir , Sadeq-ur Rahman Qazi , Lambach Philipp , Jit Mark , Lawn Joy E. 
Published: July 2021

Sepsis and meningitis due to invasive group B Streptococcus (iGBS) disease during early infancy is a leading cause of child mortality. Recent systematic estimates of the worldwide burden of GBS suggested that there are 319,000 cases of infant iGBS disease each year, and an estimated 147,000 stillbirths and young-infant deaths, with the highest burden occurring in Sub-Saharan Africa. The following priority data gaps were highlighted: (1) long-term outcome data after infant iGBS, including mild disability, to calculate quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) or disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and (2) economic burden for iGBS survivors and their families. Geographic data gaps were also noted with few studies from low- and middle- income countries (LMIC), where the GBS burden is estimated to be the highest. In this paper we present the protocol for a multi-country matched cohort study designed to estimate the risk of long-term neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI), socioemotional behaviors, and economic outcomes for children who survive invasive GBS disease in Argentina, India, Kenya, Mozambique, and South Africa. Children will be identified from health demographic surveillance systems, hospital records, and among participants of previous epidemiological studies. The children will be aged between 18 months to 17 years. A tablet-based custom-designed application will be used to capture data from direct assessment of the child and interviews with the main caregiver. In addition, a parallel sub-study will prospectively measure the acute costs of hospitalization due to neonatal sepsis or meningitis, irrespective of underlying etiology. In summary, these data are necessary to characterize the consequences of iGBS disease and enable the advancement of effective strategies for survivors to reach their developmental and economic potential. In particular, our study will inform the development of a full public health value proposition on maternal GBS immunization that is being coordinated by the World Health Organization.
Predation of the hooded skunk, Mephitis macroura, by the great horned owl, Bubo virginianus, in the Barranca de Metztitlán Biosphere Reserve, Hidalgo, México
Authors: Sánchez-Rojas Gerardo , Zepeda-Hernández Zeltzin K. , Hernández-Melo Juan A. , Maciel-Mata Carlos A. , Hernández- Silva Dante A. 
Published: July 2021

Documentar y describir los eventos de historia natural como la depredación son de gran ayuda para entender las respuestas ecológicas de las especies. En esta nota se describe la depredación del búho cornudo (Bubo virginianus) sobre un zorrillo listado (Mephitis macroura) mediante la descripción de un video y una serie de fotografías. El material audiovisual se obtuvo durante un muestreo enfocado en mamíferos carnívoros usando trampas cámara durante los meses de agosto a diciembre de 2016, en la Reserva Barranca de Metztitlán. El material registra la hora y el día de los eventos por lo que se pudo registrar la interacción entre el búho y el zorrillo. Se obtuvieron tres fotografías y dos videos de 10 segundos, en uno de ellos se registró la vocalización del zorrillo cuando es atacado por el búho. El segundo video se mantiene con la misma imagen del zorrillo abatido. En las fotografías es posible distinguir sin duda la identidad de ambas especies. Los zorrillos son una especie con una coloración aposemática que suele ser muy efectiva para camuflajearse de depredadores terrestres. Sin embargo, en el caso de las rapaces nocturnas, ésta parece ser inefectiva y probablemente los búhos sean los principales reguladores de las poblaciones de zorrillos. Este registro implica que esta interacción se mantiene aún en las regiones más sureñas de la distribución de ambas especies.
The increase in paediatric orthopaedic trauma injuries following the end of the curfew during the COVID-19 period
Authors: Kalem Mahmut , Özbek Emre Anıl , Kocaoğlu Hakan , Merter Abdullah , Karaca Mustafa Onur , Şahin Ercan , Başarir Kerem 
Published: July 2021

Purpose The aim of this study was to compare the injury patterns of orthopaedic trauma patients in the paediatric age group who presented to our hospital during and after lifting the curfew due to the pandemic, with the patients of the same age group who presented to our institution during the same time period last year. Methods Patients, aged 0 years to 18 years, who presented to our clinic between 21 March 2020 and 31 May 2020 (during curfew) (Group A1, n = 111), between 01 June 2020 and 31 August 2020 (Group A2, n = 214) and during the same periods in 2019 Group B1 (n = 220) and Group B2 (n = 211) were included. Patients with pathological fractures, traumas occurring earlier than the aforementioned date range and those consulted while being hospitalized in another department were excluded from study. Patients’ demographics, the department they presented to, the anatomical region affected by trauma, trauma mechanism, the location of trauma, the treatment applied and the length of hospital stay were recorded. Results The prevalence of outdoor traumas (72.9% versus 61.1%), high-energy traumas (40.1% versus 26.5%), the rate of the patients treated with surgery (28% versus 17.1%) and the rate of admission to the emergency department (90.2% versus 58.3%) were significantly higher in Group A2 when compared with Group B2 (p < 0.05). Conclusion The significant increase was observed in the number of outdoor injuries, high-energy traumas and fracture patterns that require surgical treatment during the first three months following the lift of the curfew, in comparison with the corresponding dates from last year. We think that children's lower extremity muscle strength and neuromuscular control was decreased due to staying home for a prolonged period of time. Level of Evidence Level III, Case-control study.
Tunable diode laser-based two-line thermometry: a noncontact thermometer for active body temperature measurement
Authors: Duan Kun , Ma Liuhao , Yi Yong , Ren Wei 
Published: July 2021

A precise and fast optical thermometer based on a tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy is developed for breath diagnostics with relevance to noncontact body temperature measurement. As water vapor (

H

2

O

) is the major component in human breath, two optimal absorption lines of

H

2

O

at 1392 nm and 1371 nm are selected for sensitive body temperature measurement by systematically investigating the near-infrared spectral database. The optical thermometer is developed using two distributed feedback diode lasers with the time-division multiplexing technique to achieve real-time measurement. The sensor performance such as accuracy, repeatability, and time response is tested in a custom-designed gas cell with its temperature controlled in the range of 20°C–50°C. By measuring the test air with different water concentrations, the sensor consistently shows a quadratic response to temperature with an R-squared value of 0.9998. Under the readout rate of 1 s, the sensor achieves a measurement precision of 0.16°C, suggesting its potential applications to fast, accurate, and noncontact body temperature measurements.
FL-QKD based on optical-THz biphotons generated by spontaneous parametric downconversion in inter-satellite wireless communication
Authors: Liu Cheng-Ji , Zhu Chang-Hua , Nie Min , Yang Hong , Pei Chang-Xing 
Published: July 2021

Floodlight quantum key distribution (FL-QKD) is a new QKD protocol that can achieve a 2 Gbps secret key rate (SKR) in a 50 km fiber link without multiplexing technology [Q. Zhuang et al., Phys. Rev. A 94, 012322 (2016)PLRAAN1050-294710.1103/PhysRevA.94.012322]. In this paper, we propose a wireless FL-QKD at terahertz bands (THz-FL-QKD) in inter-satellite links. THz-FL-QKD is the two-way protocol that sends quantum signals in the forward channel, modulates and amplifies the received signals at the receiver, and then returns to the transmitter through the backward channel for homodyne detection and decoding. We analyze the security of THz-FL-QKD against individual attacks and optimum collective attacks. Numerical simulations show that THz-FL-QKD is capable of a 50 Mbps SKR at 10 THz frequency in a 200 km inter-satellite wireless link. We expect this work will provide an efficient path to build a high-speed global quantum communication network.
Resonantly pumped Ce3+ mid-infrared lasing in selenide glass
Authors: Denker B. I. , Galagan B. I. , Sverchkov S. E. , Koltashev V. V. , Plotnichenko V. G. , Sukhanov M. V. , Velmuzhov A. P. , Frolov M. P. , Korostelin Yu. V. , Kozlovsky V. I. , Leonov S. O. , Fjodorow P. , Skasyrsky Ya. K. 
Published: July 2021

In high purity

C
e

3
+

-doped selenide glass pumped by a 4.08 µm Fe:ZnSe laser, 5.1–5.5 µm laser oscillations were observed. This is the first evidence of laser action corresponding to the

2

F

7

/

2

→

2

F

5

/

2

transition of

C
e

3
+

ions.
A novel vehicle-mounted sticky trap; an effective sampling tool for savannah tsetse flies Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood and Glossina morsitans centralis Machado
Authors: Muyobela Jackson , Pirk Christian W. W. , Yusuf Abdullahi A. , Mbewe Njelembo J. , Sole Catherine L. 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundBlack screen fly round (BFR) is a mobile sampling method forGlossina morsitans. This technique relies on the ability of operator(s) to capture flies landing on the screen with hand nets. In this study, we aimed to evaluate a vehicle-mounted sticky panel trap (VST) that is independent of the operator’s ability to capture flies against BFR, for effective and rapid sampling ofG.m.morsitansWestwood andG.m.centralisMachado. We also determined the influence of the VST colour (all-blue, all-black or 1:1 blue-black), orientation and presence of odour attractants on tsetse catch.Methodology/Principal findingsUsing randomised block design experiments conducted in Zambia, we compared and modelled the number of tsetse flies caught in the treatment arms using negative binomial regression. There were no significant differences in the catch indices of the three colour designs and for in-line or transversely oriented panels for both subspecies (P > 0.05). When baited with butanone and 1-octen-3-ol, VST caught 1.38 (1.11–1.72;P < 0.01) times moreG.m.centralisflies than the un-baited trap. Attractants did not significantly increase the VST catch index forG.m.morsitans(P > 0.05). Overall, the VST caught 2.42 (1.91–3.10;P < 0.001) and 2.60 (1.50–3.21;P < 0.001) times moreG.m.centralisandG.m.morsitansrespectively, than the BFR. The VST and BFR took 10 and 35 min respectively to cover a 1 km transect.Conclusion/SignificanceThe VST is several times more effective for samplingG.m.morsitansandG.m.centralisthan the BFR and we recommend its use as an alternative sampling tool.
Unaffected fellow eye neovascularization in patients with type 3 neovascularization: Incidence and risk factors
Authors: Kwak Jae Hyuck , Park Woo Kyung , Kim Rae Young , Kim Mirinae , Park Young-Gun , Park Young-Hoon 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
To evaluate the incidence and risk factors of neovascularization in unaffected fellow eyes of patients diagnosed with type 3 neovascularization in Korea.

Methods
This retrospective study included 93 unaffected fellow eyes of 93 patients diagnosed with type 3 neovascularization. For initial type 3 neovascularization diagnosis, optical coherence tomography and angiography were conducted. These baseline data were compared between patients with and without neovascularization in their fellow eyes during the follow-up period.

Results
The mean follow-up period was 66.1±31.1 months. Neovascularization developed in 49 (52.8%) fellow eyes after a mean period of 29.5±19.6 months. In the fellow eye neovascularization group, the incidence of soft drusen and reticular pseudodrusen was significantly higher than that in the non-neovascularization group (83.7% vs. 36.5%, p<0.001; 67.3% vs. 40.9%, p = 0.017, respectively), but the choroidal vascularity index (CVI) showed a significantly lower value (60.7±2.0% vs. 61.7±2.5%; p = 0.047). The presence of reticular pseudodrusen was related with the duration from baseline to development of fellow eye neovascularization (p = 0.038).

Conclusion
Neovascularization developed in 52.8% of unaffected fellow eyes. The presence of soft drusen, reticular pseudodrusen, and lower CVI values can be considered risk factors of neovascularization in unaffected fellow eyes of patients with type 3 neovascularization. The lower CVI values suggest that choroidal ischemic change may affect the development of choroidal neovascularization in these patients.
Fully automated waist circumference measurement on abdominal CT: Comparison with manual measurements and potential value for identifying overweight and obesity as an adjunct output of CT scan
Authors: Joo Ijin , Kwak Min-Sun , Park Dae Hyun , Yoon Soon Ho 
Published: July 2021

Objective
Waist circumference (WC) is a widely accepted anthropometric parameter of central obesity. We investigated a fully automated body segmentation algorithm for measuring WC on abdominal computed tomography (CT) in comparison to manual WC measurements (WC-manual) and evaluated the performance of CT-measured WC for identifying overweight/obesity.

Materials and methods
This retrospective study included consecutive adults who underwent both abdominal CT scans and manual WC measurements at a health check-up between January 2013 and November 2019. Mid-waist WCs were automatically measured on noncontrast axial CT images using a deep learning-based body segmentation algorithm. The associations between CT-measured WC and WC-manual was assessed by Pearson correlation analysis and their agreement was assessed through Bland-Altman analysis. The performance of these WC measurements for identifying overweight/obesity (i.e., body mass index [BMI] ≥25 kg/m2) was evaluated using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis.

Results
Among 763 subjects whose abdominal CT scans were analyzed using a fully automated body segmentation algorithm, CT-measured WCs were successfully obtained in 757 adults (326 women; mean age, 54.3 years; 64 women and 182 men with overweight/obesity). CT-measured WC was strongly correlated with WC-manual (r = 0.919, p < 0.001), and showed a mean difference of 6.1 cm with limits of agreement between -1.8 cm and 14.0 cm in comparison to WC-manual. For identifying overweight/obesity, CT-measured WC showed excellent performance, with areas under the ROC curve (AUCs) of 0.960 (95% CI, 0.933–0.979) in women and 0.909 (95% CI, 0.878–0.935) in men, which were comparable to WC-manual (AUCs of 0.965 [95% CI, 0.938–0.982] and 0.916 [95% CI, 0.886–0.941]; p = 0.735 and 0.437, respectively).

Conclusion
CT-measured WC using a fully automated body segmentation algorithm was closely correlated with manually-measured WC. While radiation issue may limit its general use, it can serve as an adjunctive output of abdominal CT scans to identify overweight/obesity.
Atypical cinical manifestation of leprosy in Indonesian male adolescent: a case report
Authors: Samsudin Dion Darius , Karyanti Mulya Rahma 
Published: July 2021

Leprosy, also known as Hansen’s disease, is a chronic infectious disease with high prevalence, but often neglected in Indonesia. Indonesia ranks the 3rd worldwide, after India and Brazil, with 17,439 new cases reported in 2019.1 This disease is caused by Mycobacterium leprae, an acid-fast, rod-shaped bacillus, which mainly affects the skin, peripheral nerves, upper respiratory tract mucosa, and eyes. Early diagnosis of the disease is fundamental, because delayed treatment may lead to severe deformities and disabilities.2 The current multidrug treatment (MDT) for leprosy is widely available in Indonesia for free.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO),1 leprosy is one of 20 diseases recognised as neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), a group of disease which present significant burden amongst the poorest, often unheard communities. Eradication of leprosy is challenging because of the difficulty in diagnosis, as leprosy imitates various diseases, as well as treatment delay, high transmission, and social stigma. The regions of highest leprosy prevalence in Indonesia are in Java, Sulawesi, Maluku, and Papua.3,4
Among 17,439 new cases in 2019, 1,861 (10%) were children under 15 years of age.1 The detection of new cases in children indicates high transmission, and lack of mechanisms to control endemic infections.2 The aim of this report is to share our experience in diagnosing advanced stage leprosy with atypical clinical characteristics in a male adolescent.
Structural insights into the modulation of PDGF/PDGFR-β complexation by hyaluronan derivatives
Authors: Balamurugan Kanagasabai , Koehler Linda , Dürig Jan-Niklas , Hempel Ute , Rademann Jörg , Hintze Vera , Pisabarro M. Teresa 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Angiogenesis is an important physiological process playing a crucial role in wound healing and cancer progression. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) are key players in angiogenesis. Based on previous findings regarding the modulation of VEGF activity by glycosaminoglycans (GAG), here we explore the interaction of hyaluronan (HA)-based GAG with PDGF and its receptor PDGFR-β by applying molecular modeling and dynamics simulations in combination with surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Computational analysis on the interaction of oligo-hyaluronan derivatives with different sulfation pattern and functionalization shows that these GAG interact with PDGF in relevant regions for receptor recognition, and that high sulfation as well as modification with the TAMRA group convey stronger binding. On the other hand, the studied oligo-hyaluronan derivatives are predicted to scarcely recognize PDGFR-β. SPR results are in line with the computational predictions regarding the binding pattern of HA tetrasaccharide (HA4) derivatives to PDGF and PDGFR-β. Furthermore, our experimental results also show that the complexation of PDGF to PDGFR-β can be modulated by HA4 derivatives. The results found open the path for considering HA4 derivatives as potential candidates to be exploited for modulation of the PDGF/PDGFR-β signaling system in angiogenesis and related disease conditions.
Public versus Private: New Insights into the Private Company Discount
Authors: Goetz Sabrina 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We examine whether private companies are valued with a discount compared to publicly traded companies. The analysis is based on a comparison of private company transactions with those of public companies. Whereas prior studies build pairs based on industry membership, we match private companies with public counterparts that are comparable in value relevant firm characteristics, i.e. profitability, risk, and growth, to calculate the percentage difference in valuation multiples. We find that private companies are valued on average with a discount on the EBITDA-multiple of 13% compared to their public counterparts. Private companies sell at lower discounts, if the acquirer firm is publicly listed. As size is associated with lower risk, we show that larger private companies sell at lower discounts.
Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in new-onset type 1 diabetes in children during pandemic in Belgium
Authors: Messaaoui Anissa , Hajselova Lucia , Tenoutasse Sylvie 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Questions are emerging concerning the long-term consequences of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, as a possible increase in type 1 diabetes. This study aims to describe the prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in children developing type 1 diabetes during this pandemic in Belgium.

Methods
This observational study included children and adolescents (under 16 years) admitted with new-onset type 1 diabetes. SARS-CoV-2 serology was taken within the first month of diabetes.

Results
Of the 75 participants, anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were positive in 20% of patients. They had an increased bicarbonate and base excess at diagnosis. Overall 29% of patients presented diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis and 9% of them were positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Insulinoma-associated protein 2 antibodies positivity had significantly higher frequencies in children without anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (49 (81%) vs. 5 (33%), p=0.038). Nine (15%) patients, initially seronegative, have developed anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies between the two samples (mean time 8 ± 4 weeks).

Conclusions
The prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes (20%) is similar to that found in children without diabetes in Belgium, a country severely affected by this pandemic.
Spatial variation of small mammal communities in northwestern Argentina
Authors: d’ Hiriart Sofía , Cueto Gerardo , Ortiz Pablo E. , Teta Pablo , Jayat J. Pablo 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Northwestern Argentina (NWA) is a region characterized by a complex geomorphology, and encompasses six ecoregions in a relatively small area. The environmental heterogeneity of NWA and the sensitivity of small mammals towards environmental and landscape changes constitute a good scenario to assess the factors that influence small mammal diversity patterns in the region. We studied small mammal communities obtained from pellet samples in 24 localities of NWA. We identified 50 non-volant small mammal species and obtained topographic, climate and land cover variables. Our results show that small mammal communities respond to environmental factors at a regional scale. Such variations were explained in different proportions by the geographic position of the collecting sites, landscape and climate. Furthermore, the combined effect of these factors was the main determinant of species abundance patterns. Our results support the need of large-scale approaches to study communities, since the explanations of the observed patterns are simpler and more general. We emphasize the importance of considering the combined effect of different environmental predictors, which allows determining the amount of species variation that is spatially structured, and within that, the amount of variation related to the influence of the measured environmental variables.
Crystal structure of 3,5-bis((E)-4-methoxy-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzylidene)-1-methylpiperidin-4-one, C24H21F6NO3
Authors: Zhou Xia , Sun Zhong-Hao , Shan Guang-Zhi , Meng Qing-Guo 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
C24H21F6NO3, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 16.0076(10) Å, b = 7.7424(4) Å, c = 17.3259(11) Å, β = 96.161(5)°, V = 2134.9(2) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0563, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1517, T = 100.0(1) K.