bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN ABSENSI SIDIK JARI (FINGER PRINT) DALAM MENINGKATKAN KINERJA PEGAWAI NEGERI SIPIL DI SEKRETARIAT DAERAH KABUPATEN BANGKA TENGAH PROVINSI KEPULAUAN BANGKA BELITUNG
Authors: Zia Komaria  , Bahrullah Akbar  , Rizari  
Published: December 2021

Implementasi Kebijakan Absensi Sidik Jari (Finger Print) di Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Bangka Tengah secara umum telah sesuai dengan Kebijakan Pemerintah pada Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 53 Tahun 2010 tentang Disiplin Pegawai Negeri Sipil, akan tetapi apakah dalam pelaksanaannya kebijakan absensi elektronik ini dapat meningkatkan kinerja pegawai negeri sipil di Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Bangka Tengah dengan melalui hasil rekapan absensi bulanan? Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis implementasi kebijakan absensi sidik jari (finger print) dalam meningkatkan kinerja pegawai negeri sipil di Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Bangka Tengah, mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan faktor penghambat dan menganalisis upaya-upaya yang dilakukan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif yang bertujuan menggambarkan tentang keadaan secara objektif yang didukung dengan data yang diperoleh melalui observasi, wawancara dan keterlibatan dengan objek penelitian untuk menganalisis data yang diawali dengan proses reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan simpulan. Sebagai landasan teori digunakan teori implementasi kebijakan Publik Model Van Metter dan Van Horn (Agustino, 2017:133-136).
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi kebijakan absensi sidik jari (finger print) di Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Bangka Tengah sudah baik dibuktikan dengan tingkat kedisiplinan mencapai 85% sedangkan kinerja pegawai negeri sipil di Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Bangka Tengah kurang baik dibuktikan masih rendahnya etos kerja dan keloyalan kepada atasan, dan hilangnya motivasi dan semangat dalam bekerja. Namun upaya yang harus dilakukan dalam meningkatkan kinerja pegawai negeri sipil tersebut dengan cara meningkatkan kompetensi dan program pengembangan praktik dan pelatihan, dengan memberikan sistem reward dan punishment serta pembinaan karakter kepada PNS.
EFEKTIVITAS PENERAPAN SASARAN KINERJA PEGAWAI (SKP)-ONLINE DI LINGKUNGAN BIRO UMUM SEKRETARIAT DAERAH PROVINSI JAMBI
Authors: Nila Apriani  , Ngadisah  , Sampara Lukman  
Published: December 2021

Fokus dari penelitian ini adalah melihat efektivitas penerapan Sasaran Kinerja Pegawai (SKP)- Online di Lingkungan Biro Umum Sekretariat Daerah Provinsi Jambi, faktor penghambat serta upaya yang dilakukan dalam penerapan SKP-Online untuk meningkatkan kinerja aparatur sipil negara secara optimal di Lingkungan Biro Umum Sekretariat Daerah Provinsi Jambi. Penelitian menggunakan teori oleh Gibson, Donnelly, dan Ivancevich terkait efektivitas organisasi, kemudian dibatasi pada penerapan SKP-Online dan perilaku pegawai. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Dalam mengumpulkan data, peneliti melakukan observasi, wawancara dan mengumpulkan dokumen yang terkaitdalam penerapan SKP-Online di lingkungan Biro Umum Sekretariat Daerah Provinsi Jambi.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan SKP-Online di lingkungan Biro Umum Sekretariat Daerah Provinsi Jambi belum berjalan dengan baik dan optimal, terlihat dari proses pelaksanaannya dan pengawasan dalam penerapan sasaran kinerja pegawai (SKP)-Online. Kemudian lingkungan kerja yang kurang produktif dan sumber daya aparatur yang masih kurang kompeten serta rasa tanggung jawab pegawai terhadap tugas dan fungsinya sebagai aparatur sipil negara. Upaya yang dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kinerja pegawai dalam penerapan SKP-Online antara lain: 1. Membuat suatu inovasi dengan membentuk grup pegawai dalam satu aplikasi “Whatsapp”; 2. Melakukan sosialisasi kembali kepada seluruh pegawai dan menginformasikan adanya tutorial pengoperasian SKP-Online; 3. Memotivasi pegawai agar mau belajar cara penggunaan sarana teknologi. Akan tetapi upaya tersebut masih belum menunjukkan hasil yang signifikan sehingga perlu adanya upaya lain dalam meningkatkan kinerja pegawai agar penerapan SKP-Online dapat berjalan secara optimal.
EFEKTIVITAS ORGANISASI PASCA PERUBAHAN ORGANISASI BADAN KEPEGAWAIAN PENDIDIKAN DAN PELATIHAN DAERAH KOTA BITUNG PROVINSI SULAWESI UTARA
Authors: Helty Marcelina Lengkong  , Ermaya Suradinata  , M. Irwan Tahir  
Published: December 2021

Good Governance merupakan salah satu upaya pemerintah untuk mewujudkan suatu tata kelola kepemerintahan yang efisien dan efektif yang dapat diwujudkan melalui reformasi birokrasi. Birokrasi di Indonesia selama ini dinilai masih banyak dipengaruhi oleh kepentingan-kepentingan kelompok atau orang-orang tertentu. Dengan adanya reformasi birokrasi diharapkan dapat mengatasi permasalahan-permasalahan tersebut. Reformasi birokrasi dapat diwujudkan melalui penataan Organisasi Perangkat Daerah yang diatur dalam Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 41 Tahun 2007 yang kemudian mengalami perubahan menjadi Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 18 Tahun 2016 tentang Perangkat Daerah. Peraturan ini bertujuan untuk menciptakan suatu birokrasi pemerintahan yang miskin struktur tetapi kaya akan fungsi yakni dengan memberikan pelayanan yang maksimal kepada masyarakat dalam rangka menciptakan kesejahteraan pada masyarakat. Perubahan peraturan ini mengakibatkan adanya perubahan dan pengurangan struktur pada BKPPD Kota Bitung dengan tipologi C.
Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa efektivitas organisasi BKKPD Kota Bitung dapat dikatakan belum efektif hal ini dapat dilihat dari produktivitas kerja, kepuasan kerja yang dirasakan pegawai serta sumber daya yang masih kurang. Selain itu juga adanya faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi efektivitas organisasi sebagaimana dikemukakan Richard M. Steers antara lain rentang kendali, ukuran organisasi, ukuran unit kerja, ketertarikan pada pekerjaan, serta komunikasi dalam organisasi. Sehingga dibutuhkan strategi untuk meningkatkan efektivitas organisasi sebagaimana yang telah dianalisis dalam ASOCA antara lain: (1) Meningkatkan kemampuan SDM melalui pendidikan dan pelatihan yang merupakan hasil kerja sama dengan pihak luar, (2) Peningkatan manajemen sistem kepegawaian yang berkualitas melalui inovasi-inovasi baru, (3) Memaksimalkan penyelenggaraan tugas dan fungsi dan pengawasan dalam bentuk reward dan punishment, (4) Memaksimalkan kemampuan dan kecerdasan berinovasi SDM untuk melahirkan strategi yang dibutuhkan dalam meningkatkan efektivitas organisasi BKPPD seiring dengan perkembangan teknologi yang didukung oleh tersedianya sarana dan prasarana, serta (5) Melakukan evaluasi jabatan pada struktur organisasi dalam rangka peningkatan jumlah SDM yang dapat menunjang penyelenggaraan organisasi secara efektif.
KINERJA DINAS PARIWISATA DALAM PENGEMBANGAN PARIWISATA DI KABUPATEN MINAHASA UTARA PROVINSI SULAWESI UTARA
Authors: Zheren Anggita Sumakul  , Ermaya Suradinata  , Bambang Supriyadi  
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana Kinerja Dinas Pariwisata dalam pengembangan pariwisata di Kabupaten Minahasa Utara, apa saja faktor penghambat yang dihadapi dalam pengembangan Pariwisata di Kabupaten Minahasa Utara, serta upaya apa yang dilakukan pemerintah dalam mengatasi hambatan yang dihadapi baik secara jangka pendek maupun jangka panjang.
Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian Deskriptif Kualitatif dengan pendekatan induktif yang bertujuan menggambarkan fenomena yang terkait dengan lingkup penelitian ini. Sumber data yang digunakan adalah person (orang), place (tempat), paper (data). Untuk pengambilan data dan informasi dilakukan menggunakan teknik dokumentasi, observasi, wawancara dan triangulasi.
Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pengolahan data diperOleh 1) Produktivitas (input dan output), Kualitas layanan (pemberian informasi dan kualitas Sumber Daya Manusia), Responsivitas (daya tangkap dan keinginan masyarakat), Responsibilitas (tanggung jawab dan kerja sama), Akuntabilitas (tingkat kesesuaian dan tindakan) sudah berjalan dengan baik akan tetapi belum maksimal 2) faktor penghambat Kinerja Dinas Pariwisata Kabupaten Minahasa Utara, yaitu kurangnya Sumber Daya Manusia berlatar belakang pendidikan Pariwisata, kurangnya anggaran, kerja sama dengan pihak lain, sarana prasarana, promosi objek wisata 3) Upaya yang dilakukan secara jangka pendek, yaitu bekerja sama dengan pihak lain, mengusulkan anggaran yang memadai, mencari sumber daya manusia yang berlatar belakang pendidikan pariwisata dan melengkapi sarana dan prasarana objek wisata. Sedangkan upaya jangka panjang menjadikan bahan evaluasi terhadap RIPPDA selanjutnya.
Long-Term Outcomes of Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass vs Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy for Obesity
Authors: Kraljević Marko , Süsstrunk Julian , Wölnerhanssen Bettina Karin , Peters Thomas , Bueter Marco , Gero Daniel , Schultes Bernd , Poljo Adisa , Schneider Romano , Peterli Ralph 
Published: February 2025

ImportanceReports on long-term outcomes from randomized clinical trials comparing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) are scarce.ObjectiveTo compare long-term weight and metabolic outcomes, reoperation rates, and quality of life for patients undergoing SG vs RYGB at 10 years and beyond.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThe SM-BOSS (Swiss Multicenter Bypass or Sleeve Study) randomized clinical trial was conducted from January 2007 to November 2011 at 4 bariatric centers in Switzerland. (The last follow-up was obtained in July 2023.) A total of 3971 patients with severe obesity were assessed, and 217 patients were enrolled and randomized to undergo SG or RYGB.InterventionsLaparoscopic SG or RYGB.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome of the SM-BOSS trial was the percentage excess body mass index loss (%EBMIL) at 5 years. The present study reports on the long-term weight and metabolic outcomes at 10 years and beyond, including changes in weight and obesity-related diseases, reoperation rates, and quality of life.ResultsOf 217 patients randomized to undergo SG or RYGB, mean (SD) age was 42.5 (11.1) years, mean (SD) baseline BMI was 43.9 (5.3), and 156 patients (71.9%) were female. Of 217 patients, 110 patients were randomized to RYGB and 107 to SG. Complete 10-year follow-up is available for 65.4% of patients. In the intention-to-treat population, mean (SD) %EBMIL was 60.6% (25.9) after SG and 65.2% (26.0) after RYGB (P = .29). Patients who underwent SG had significantly higher conversion rates because of insufficient weight reduction or reflux compared to RYGB (29.9% vs 5.5%; P &amp;lt; .001). Patients undergoing RYGB had significantly higher mean (SD) %EBMIL compared to SG after 10 years in the per-protocol (PP) population (65.9% [26.3] vs 56.1% [25.2]; P = .048). However, mean (SD) percentage total weight loss was not significantly different between groups (RYGB: 27.7% [10.8]; SG: 25.5% [15.1]; P = .37). SG patients had significantly more de novo gastroesophageal reflux (GERD) compared with RYGB (P = .02).Conclusions and RelevanceIn the SM-BOSS randomized clinical trial, RYGB led to significantly higher %EBMIL in the PP population compared with SG beyond 10 years of follow-up, with better results for GERD. Patients undergoing SG experienced a significantly higher number of conversions to different anatomy compared with RYGB.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT00356213
Early vs Delayed Bypass Surgery in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome Receiving Ticagrelor
Authors: So Derek Y. F. , Wells George A. , Lordkipanidzé Marie , Chong Aun Yeong , Ruel Marc , Perrault Louis P. , Le May Michel R. , Sun Louise , Tran Diem , Labinaz Marino , Glover Christopher , Russo Juan , Welman Mélanie , Chan Vincent , Chen Lily , Bernick Jordan , Rubens Fraser , Tanguay Jean-Francois ,   RAPID CABG Investigators, Salapang Gerri , MacPhee Poppy , Abarbanel Tanya , Mitchell Carol , Racine Kendra , Amche Rima , Davies Richard , Davis Darryl , Poulin Anthony , Nair Girish , De Roock Sophie , Tran My-Linh 
Published: February 2025

ImportancePerioperative bleeding is a major concern in patients receiving ticagrelor for acute coronary syndromes (ACS) when coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery is required.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether early CABG surgery at 2 to 3 days after ticagrelor cessation is noninferior to waiting 5 to 7 days.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsRAPID CABG was a noninferiority, open-label randomized trial with 6 months of follow-up. Participants were patients with ACS who had received ticagrelor and required CABG. Patients were enrolled in tertiary centers in Canada between January 2016 and March 2021. Data were analyzed from March 2021 to December 2023.InterventionEarly or delayed CABG.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was based on noninferiority comparison of class 3 or 4 universal definition of perioperative bleeding (UDPB). Noninferiority was prespecified as 8% between groups. Twelve-hour chest tube drainage was reported as a noninferiority comparison. Other bleeding, ischemic, and length-of-stay outcomes were assessed for superiority.ResultsAmong 143 randomized patients, the median (IQR) age was 65 (58-72) years; there were 117 male patients (82%) and 26 female (18%). Of these, 123 patients (86.0%) underwent surgery in the allocated time frame (per protocol). The median (IQR) time to surgery was 3 (2-3) days in the early group and 6 (5-7) days in the delayed group (P &amp;lt; .001). In a per-protocol analysis, severe or massive UDPB occurred in 3 of 65 early-group patients (4.6%) and 3 of 58 patients (5.2%) in the delayed group (between-group difference, −0.6%; 95% CI, −8.3% to 7.1%; P = .03 for noninferiority). Median (IQR) chest tube drainage was 470 (330-650) mL vs 495 (380-610) mL (between-group difference −25 mL; 95% CI, −111.25 to 35; P = .01 for noninferiority). Median (IQR) hospital stay was 9 (7-13) days and 12 (10-15) days for the early and delayed groups (P &amp;lt; .001).Conclusion and RelevanceThis study found that an early surgical strategy, 2 to 3 days after ticagrelor cessation, was noninferior in incurring perioperative bleeding. The data support a reduction in the delay between ticagrelor cessation and CABG surgery and may decrease hospital length of stay.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02668562
Preoperative SGLT2 Inhibitor Use and Postoperative Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Authors: Dixit Anjali A. , Bateman Brian T. , Hawn Mary T. , Odden Michelle C. , Sun Eric C. 
Published: February 2025

ImportanceCase reports of postoperative diabetic ketoacidosis in patients using sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) medications underlie guidance by the US Food and Drug Administration to withhold SGLT2i medication for at least 3 days prior to surgery. Given the potential negative consequences associated with preoperative medication withholding, a large-scale evaluation of the risk of diabetic ketoacidosis in this population is needed.ObjectiveTo estimate the association between preoperative SGLT2i medication use and postoperative diabetic ketoacidosis in a population of patients who underwent a variety of emergency surgeries. Emergency surgery was chosen given the assumption that a patient would be unable to withhold their SGLT2i medication per the current guidance.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study was conducted among a nationwide sample of patients aged 18 years or older with type 2 diabetes who were enrolled in commercial or Medicare fee-for-service insurance plans and who underwent 1 of 13 emergency surgeries between January 1, 2016, and December 15, 2022. Emergency surgeries were defined as those occurring on the same day or the 1 to 2 days after an emergency department claim. Data were analyzed from November 2023 through December 2024.ExposureSGLT2i medication use.Main Outcomes and MeasuresDiabetic ketoacidosis, defined by diagnosis codes, in the 0 to 14 days after surgery.ResultsAmong 34 671 patients with type 2 diabetes who underwent emergency surgery (mean [SD] age, 63.9 [14.0] years; 19 175 female [55.3%] and 15 496 male [44.7%]), the most common surgeries were laparoscopic cholecystectomy (9385 patients) and transurethral procedures (12 246 patients). There were 2607 patients (7.5%) who used SGLT2i medications and 32 064 patients (92.5%) who did not. Unadjusted incidence of diabetic ketoacidosis was 127 patients (4.9%) for those exposed to SGLT2i medications and 1115 patients (3.5%) for those unexposed. After accounting for covariates, including demographic characteristics, indicators of diabetic severity, comorbidities, and surgery type, the incidence of the outcome was 3.8% for those exposed to SGLT2i medications and 3.5% for those unexposed. The average treatment effect [ATE] was 0.2% (95% CI, −1.7% to 2.2%). Results were robust to alternate specifications (eg, intensive care unit–level care as the outcome: ATE, −1.0%; 95% CI, −2.9% to 1.1%).Conclusions and RelevanceThis study found that preoperative use of SGLT2i medications in patients undergoing emergency surgery was not associated with an increased risk for postoperative diabetic ketoacidosis compared with no use of SGLT2i medications. These findings may justify liberalizing current guidance on preoperative SGLT2i medication withholding periods.
Race and Physical Health, United States
Authors: Cummings Jason L. , Starman Tess E. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This entry highlights racial differentials in physical health in the US adult population. Emphasis is placed on Black–White differences across common physical health indicators (e.g., self‐rated health, functional limitations, mortality) and measures of morbidity (e.g., prevalence of heart disease, cancer, diabetes, hypertension, obesity). Major explanatory factors for Black–White health disparities (e.g., socioeconomic status, residential segregation, discrimination) are discussed. Less emphasis is given to physical health variations by gender and race.
Gig Economy
Authors: Jamie Kimberly , Musilek Karel 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The so‐called gig economy, whereby self‐employed workers are paid for completing discrete tasks, is changing the landscape of work in the west. Although freelance work has always been a part of the labor market, it was typically concentrated in areas such as the creative industries. The coalescence of diverse technological, economic, and political factors has led to freelance work becoming an increasingly common way of organizing labor through the gig economy. This economy has a number of advantages and disadvantages for both organizations and workers.
Gender: Women's Labor Force Participation
Authors: Moore Sian , William Laura , Tartanoglu‐Bennett Safak 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Women's labor market participation is shaped by the household division of labor, gender divisions of paid work, and gender ideology. These relationships are not fixed but are continually renegotiated, historically and industrially specific, and linked to particular stages of capitalism. Globally women are more likely to engage in the informal economy, and the United Nations aims to encourage their paid labor market activity. While women's formal participation varies globally, and has not changed in some regions, there is convergence in some states of the rates of male and female participation in paid work. However, vertical and horizontal segregation and gender pay gaps persist. Occupational segregation means that women are disproportionately concentrated in health and social care, education, and retail work. Gender hierarchies are reproduced by organizational practices justified through narratives of women's reproduction, sexuality, and emotionality. The failure of equal pay legislation to close the gender pay gap has prompted further legal measures in some countries. The wider context of COVID‐19, climate change, and the extension of automation and artificial intelligence offer possibilities for the reorganization of both paid and unpaid work, including a shorter working week, that could finally challenge gender inequality in the labor market.
Gambling: Sports Betting, Global
Authors: Lopez‐Gonzalez Hibai 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Sports betting is the activity of staking money on a prediction of sporting results. The sports betting industry has experienced a large growth since the early twenty‐first century, especially after the mass adoption of Internet gambling. Professional sport competitions and teams have gained substantial financial benefits from partnering up with bookmakers. In essence, sports betting is a commercial product built on a balance. It has to be attractive enough for consumers to think that they can win money by using their sports knowledge but at the same time designed in a way to guarantee their long‐term monetary loss. Although it is a legal activity in most countries, sports betting faces reputational challenges in terms of risks for sports integrity (e.g., match fixing) and the potential addictiveness of betting products.
Brexit
Authors: Outhwaite William 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Brexit refers to the withdrawal in 2020, following a referendum in 2016, of the United Kingdom from the European Union; it had been a member of the European Communities since 1973. The entry distinguishes between a long and a short Brexit, where the short one ended at the beginning of 2020, and was soon followed by the COVID‐19 pandemic, while the long one will continue indefinitely (unless it is reversed). The economic and political consequences for the United Kingdom and its component nations and for Ireland, the implications for the European Union, and the elements of a sociological analysis are explored in the entry.
Gambling as a Social Issue
Authors: Latvala Tiina , Lind Kalle , Selin Jani 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Gambling has become a large global industry but is considered a serious public health and social issue. The availability of gambling is higher in disadvantaged neighborhoods. It is possible that the higher availability of gambling not only contributes to gambling harm but also aggravates other social problems. The concentration of gambling outlets in disadvantaged neighborhoods can deepen the socioeconomic differentiation of neighborhoods. Conversely, living in an environment where different social problems are prevalent is linked to more frequent gambling and problem gambling. Overall and problem gambling are more prevalent among people with more social problems and with low socioeconomic status; the consequence is an income regressivity of gambling expenditures. Consequently, the conflict between gambling as business and gambling as a public health and welfare concern is more evident.
Social Causation of Disease
Authors: Dulai Joshun , Jaspal Rusi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This entry explores the social causation of disease. First, social class as a cause for inequalities is examined, with a particular focus on the work of Wright, Bourdieu, Weber, and Marx. Second, racism, minority stress, and socioeconomic inequalities are considered as fundamental causes of disease incidence. Third, some of the social determinants of health are explored. Sociological theories have an important role to play in our understanding of the social causation of disease.
Divorce
Authors: Mortelmans Dimitri 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This entry looks at the uncoupling of relationships, both married and cohabiting. The phenomenon of relationship dissolution has significantly impacted the family dynamics of both adults and children in most western nations since the last quarter of the twentieth century. The entry first provides a comprehensive overview of the sociological and legal definitions of divorce and describes the general societal trends in relationship dissolution. Next, it examines both the causes and the consequences of breakups, including exploring the temporal, personal, and societal factors that contribute to the instability of relationships. Finally, it looks at the consequences of divorce for both adults and children.