bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vaccination coverage in children resident in a rural community in Nigeria: socio-ecological and contextual determinants
Authors: Iribhogbe Osede Ignis , Tomini Sonila 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The national vaccination coverage rate and the coverage rate in rural communities in Nigeria are below the global vaccine action target of 80%; hence, evaluation of factors that determine vaccination status and determine the proportion of children aged 12–59 months who are fully immunised in the rural community should be conducted.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted using an interview-structured questionnaire that was pilot tested before being administered. In the study, a two-stage sampling technique was used and the sample size was determined using the EPI-Info, version 7, software.

Key Findings
Of the 608 caregiver–child pairs that was assessed, the majority (525, 86.35%) were mothers. Assessment of immunisation status showed that the majority of the children (429, 70.56%) were completely vaccinated while 179 (29.44%) were incompletely vaccinated. Educational status (χ 2 = 59.85, df = 4, P &lt; 0.001), the level of knowledge about vaccination (χ 2 = 77.62, df = 2, P &lt; 0.001), family setting (χ 2 = 27.70, df = 3, P &lt; 0.001), maternal ANC visits (χ 2 = 85.37, df = 2, P &lt; 0.001), type of birth (χ 2 = 7.27, df = 2, P = 0.03) and child’s breastfeeding status (χ 2 = 80.75, df = 2, P &lt; 0.001) were all significantly associated with the vaccination status of the child.

Conclusion
The study has shown that immunisation coverage in the rural community surveyed is still below the expected target; thus, public health intervention should still focus on individual, community, socio-cultural and healthcare-related factors as this will improve the immunisation status of children in rural communities.
Endonasal endoscopic management of different cases of dentigerous cysts and ectopic teeth
Authors: Alhashim Fadak Yousef , Almarhoon Fatimah Salman , Alhashim Hassan Yousef , Moumen Ali 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Dentigerous cyst is a type of developmental odontogenic cysts that arises from the crown impacted, embedded or unerupted teeth that standardly managed by Caldwell-luc procedure, which is found to be associated with morbidities and complications. Endonasal endoscopic removal is a minimally invasive approach aiming to prevent morbidities and complications. The aim of this article is to study the advantages of the endonasal endoscopic approach in managing different cases of dentigerous cyst and ectopic teeth. In this article, we reported three different cases (two pediatric and one adult), one presenting with unilateral dentigerous cyst with traumatic ectopic teeth in the maxillary sinus, and one presenting with bilateral dentigerous cysts and ectopic teeth in the maxillary sinuses, the third case of unilateral ectopic intranasal canine tooth. All managed by endonasal endoscopic approach, with no complications and complete recovery. The endonasal endoscopic approach is a minimally invasive surgical approach. With the use of different angled endoscopes and instruments, this approach is preserving physiological function while minimizing morbidity and preventing complications.
Galaxy and mass assembly (GAMA): the inferred mass–metallicity relation from z = 0 to 3.5 via forensic SED fitting
Authors: Bellstedt Sabine , Robotham Aaron S G , Driver Simon P , Thorne Jessica E , Davies Luke J M , Holwerda Benne W , Hopkins Andrew M , Lara-Lopez Maritza A , López-Sánchez Ángel R , Phillipps Steven 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
We analyse the metallicity histories of ∼4500 galaxies from the GAMA survey at z &lt; 0.06 modelled by the SED-fitting code ProSpect using an evolving metallicity implementation. These metallicity histories, in combination with the associated star formation histories, allow us to analyse the inferred gas-phase mass–metallicity relation. Furthermore, we extract the mass–metallicity relation at a sequence of epochs in cosmic history, to track the evolving mass–metallicity relation with time. Through comparison with observations of gas-phase metallicity over a large range of redshifts, we show that, remarkably, our forensic SED analysis has produced an evolving mass–metallicity relationship that is consistent with observations at all epochs. We additionally analyse the three-dimensional mass–metallicity–SFR space, showing that galaxies occupy a clearly defined plane. This plane is shown to be subtly evolving, displaying an increased tilt with time caused by general enrichment, and also the slowing down of star formation with cosmic time. This evolution is most apparent at lookback times greater than 7 Gyr. The trends in metallicity recovered in this work highlight that the evolving metallicity implementation used within the SED-fitting code ProSpect produces reasonable metallicity results over the history of a galaxy. This is expected to provide a significant improvement to the accuracy of the SED-fitting outputs.
Horizontal spreading of planetary debris accreted by white dwarfs
Authors: Cunningham Tim , Tremblay Pier-Emmanuel , Bauer Evan B , Toloza Odette , Cukanovaite Elena , Koester Detlev , Farihi Jay , Freytag Bernd , Gänsicke Boris T , Ludwig Hans-Günter , Veras Dimitri 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
White dwarfs with metal-polluted atmospheres have been studied widely in the context of the accretion of rocky debris from evolved planetary systems. One open question is the geometry of accretion and how material arrives and mixes in the white dwarf surface layers. Using the three-dimensional (3D) radiation hydrodynamics code co5bold, we present the first transport coefficients in degenerate star atmospheres that describe the advection–diffusion of a passive scalar across the surface plane. We couple newly derived horizontal diffusion coefficients with previously published vertical diffusion coefficients to provide theoretical constraints on surface spreading of metals in white dwarfs. Our grid of 3D simulations probes the vast majority of the parameter space of convective white dwarfs, with pure-hydrogen atmospheres in the effective temperature range of 6000–18 000 K and pure-helium atmospheres in the range of 12 000–34 000 K. Our results suggest that warm hydrogen-rich atmospheres (DA; ${\gtrsim} 13\, 000$ K) and helium-rich atmospheres (DB and DBA; ${\gtrsim} 30\, 000$ K) are unable to efficiently spread the accreted metals across their surface, regardless of the time dependence of accretion. This result may be at odds with the current non-detection of surface abundance variations in white dwarfs with debris discs. For cooler hydrogen- and helium-rich atmospheres, we predict a largely homogeneous distribution of metals across the surface within a vertical diffusion time-scale. This is typically less than 0.1 per cent of disc lifetime estimates, a quantity that is revisited in this paper using the overshoot results. These results have relevance for studies of the bulk composition of evolved planetary systems and models of accretion disc physics.
Mass-loss law for red giant stars in simple population globular clusters
Authors: Tailo M , Milone A P , Lagioia E P , D’Antona F , Jang S , Vesperini E , Marino A F , Ventura P , Caloi V , Carlos M , Cordoni G , Dondoglio E , Mohandasan A , Nastasio J E , Legnardi M V 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
The amount of mass lost by stars during the red-giant branch (RGB) phase is one of the main parameters to understand and correctly model the late stages of stellar evolution. Nevertheless, a fully comprehensive knowledge of the RGB mass-loss is still missing. Galactic Globular Clusters (GCs) are ideal targets to derive empirical formulations of mass-loss, but the presence of multiple populations with different chemical compositions has been a major challenge to constrain stellar masses and RGB mass-losses. Recent work has disentangled the distinct stellar populations along the RGB and the horizontal branch (HB) of 46 GCs, thus providing the possibility to estimate the RGB mass-loss of each stellar population. The mass-losses inferred for the stellar populations with pristine chemical composition (called first-generation or 1G stars) tightly correlate with cluster metallicity. This finding allows us to derive an empirical RGB mass-loss law for 1G stars. In this paper, we investigate seven GCs with no evidence of multiple populations and derive the RGB mass-loss by means of high-precision Hubble-Space Telescope photometry and accurate synthetic photometry. We find a cluster-to-cluster variation in the mass-loss ranging from ∼0.1 to ∼0.3 M⊙. The RGB mass-loss of simple-population GCs correlates with the metallicity of the host cluster. The discovery that simple-population GCs and 1G stars of multiple population GCs follow similar mass-loss versus metallicity relations suggests that the resulting mass-loss law is a standard outcome of stellar evolution.
Tomographic constraints on gravity from angular redshift fluctuations in the late Universe
Authors: Hernández–Monteagudo Carlos , Chaves-Montero Jonás , Angulo Raúl E , Aricò Giovanni 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Fluctuations in sky maps of galaxy redshifts, dubbed angular redshift fluctuations (ARF), contain precise information about the growth rate of structures and the nature of gravity in the Universe. Specifically, ARFs constrain the combination of cosmological parameters $H/H_0\, f\sigma _8(z)$, while being an intrinsically tomographic probe and largely insensitive to many observational systematic errors, all without requiring the assumption of any redshift-to-distance relation under a given fiducial cosmology. We present the first cosmological constraints derived from ARF by using Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) LOWZ(Low redshift(Z))+CMASS(Constant MASS) DR12(Data Release 12) galaxy samples, obtaining 7 per cent accurate constraints on H/H0fσ8(z) at more than 20 redshifts over the range z ∈ [0.26, 0.72]. Our best-fitting value is $10{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ larger, but compatible at the 1.4σ level, than the ΛCDM expectation set by Planck observations of cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation. Our tomographic measurements, combined with these CMB data, provide one of the strongest constraints on the gravity index γ, $\gamma =0.44^{+0.09}_{-0.07}$, which lies within 2σ of the prediction of General Relativity (γGR ≃ 0.55).
The Validity of the Koos Classification System With Respect to Facial Nerve Function
Authors: Erickson Nicholas J , Mooney James H , Walters Beverly C , Agee Bonita , Fisher Winfield S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The Koos classification of vestibular schwannomas is designed to stratify tumors based on extrameatal extension and compression of the brainstem. Our prior study demonstrated excellent reliability. No study has yet assessed its validity.

OBJECTIVE
To present a retrospective study designed to assess the validity of the Koos grading system with respect to facial nerve function following treatment of 81 acoustic schwannomas.

METHODS
We collected data retrospectively from 81 patients with acoustic schwannomas of various Koos grades who were treated with microsurgical resection or stereotactic radiosurgery. House-Brackmann (HB) scores were used to assess facial nerve function and obtained at various time points following treatment. We generated Spearman's rho and Kendall's tau correlation coefficients along with a logistic regression curve.

RESULTS
We found no significant difference in the presence or absence of facial dysfunction by Koos classification when looking at all patients. There was a positive but fairly weak correlation between HB score and Koos classification, which was only significant at the first postoperative clinic appointment. There was a statistically significant difference in the presence or absence of facial dysfunction between patients treated with surgery vs radiation, which we expected. We found no statistically significant difference when comparing surgical approaches. Logistic regression modeling demonstrated a poor ability of the Koos grading system to predict facial nerve dysfunction following treatment.

CONCLUSION
The Koos grading system did not predict the presence of absence of facial nerve dysfunction in our study population. There were trends within subgroups that require further exploration.
Cracking the superheavy pyrite enigma: possible roles of volatile organosulfur compound emission
Authors: Lang Xianguo , Zhao Zhouqiao , Ma Haoran , Huang Kangjun , Li Songzhuo , Zhou Chuanming , Xiao Shuhai , Peng Yongbo , Liu Yonggang , Tang Wenbo , Shen Bing 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The global deposition of superheavy pyrite (pyrite isotopically heavier than coeval seawater sulfate in the Neoproterozoic Era and particularly in the Cryogenian Period) defies explanation using the canonical marine sulfur cycle system. Here we report petrographic and sulfur isotopic data (δ34Spy) of superheavy pyrite from the Cryogenian Datangpo Formation (660–650 Ma) in South China. Our data indicate a syndepositional/early diagenetic origin of the Datangpo superheavy pyrite, with 34S-enriched H2S supplied from sulfidic (H2S rich) seawater. Instructed by a novel sulfur-cycling model, we propose that the emission of 34S-depleted volatile organosulfur compounds (VOSC) that were generated via sulfide methylation may have contributed to the formation of 34S-enriched sulfidic seawater and superheavy pyrite. The global emission of VOSC may be attributed to enhanced organic matter production after the Sturtian glaciation in the context of widespread sulfidic conditions. These findings demonstrate that VOSC cycling is an important component of the sulfur cycle in Proterozoic oceans.
The effects of nondigestible fermentable carbohydrates on adults with overweight or obesity: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Xu Bocheng , Cao Jinping , Fu Jie , Li Zhi , Jin Mingliang , Wang Xinxia , Wang Yizhen 
Published: February 2021

AbstractContextNondigestible fermentable carbohydrates (NDFCs) can be fermented by microbiota, thereby yielding metabolites that have a beneficial role in the prevention and treatment of obesity and its complications. However, to our knowledge, no meta-analysis has been conducted to evaluate the effects of NDFCs on obesity.ObjectiveTo conduct a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to summarize existing evidence on the effects of numerous NDFCs on adiposity and cardiovascular risk factors in adults with overweight or obesity with ≥2 weeks of follow-up.Data SourcesThe following databases were searched: MEDLINE, Embase, and CINAHL.Data ExtractionSeventy-seven RCTs with 4535 participants were identified for meta-analysis from the 3 databases.Data AnalysisThe findings suggest that increased intake of NDFCs is significantly effective in reducing body mass index by 0.280 kg/m2, weight by 0.501 kg, hip circumference by 0.554 cm, waist circumference by 0.649 cm, systolic blood pressure by 1.725 mmHg, total cholesterol by 0.36 mmol/L, and low-density lipoprotein by 0.385 mmol/L, with evidence of moderate-to-high quality.ConclusionConvincing evidence from meta-analyses of RCTs indicates that increased NDFC intake improves adiposity, blood lipid levels, and systolic blood pressure in people with overweight and obesity.
Trends in RPR Seropositivity among Children Younger than 2 Years in South Africa, 2010–2019
Authors: Mathebula Rudzani , Kuonza Lazarus , Musekiwa Alfred , Kularatne Ranmini , Puren Adrian , Reubenson Gary , Sherman Gayle , Kufa Tendesayi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A positive rapid plasma reagin (RPR) result in children under the age of 2 years indicates either passive transplacental transfer of maternal antibodies or active infection with syphilis (possible congenital syphilis). We describe trends in RPR seropositivity in this population using centralized laboratory data. A secondary analysis of laboratory data collected through the National Health Laboratory Service, Corporate Data Warehouse from 2010 to 2019 was conducted. Of the 127 150 children &lt;2 years included in the analysis, 10 969 [8.6%; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 85–88]) were RPR seropositive. RPR seropositivity increased from 6.5% to 13.0% between 2010 and 2019. Overall, the annual rate of RPR seropositivity was relatively stable between 2010 and 2018 with a range of 89–127/100 000 live births, increasing sharply to 165/100 000 livebirths in 2019. KwaZulu–Natal and North West provinces recorded the largest increases in annual seropositivity rate, while Eastern Cape and Western Cape had the most significant declines. Although this analysis is limited to laboratory results, in the absence of major changes in testing practices, there may be a rise in the burden of antenatal syphilis exposure in utero indicating an increase in maternal syphilis and syphilis transmission in the general population. South Africa needs to intensify Mother-to-Child Transmission of syphilis elimination efforts to reach the WHO target of ≤50 cases per 100 live births by 2030.
Risk Factors of Endotracheal Intubation-Related Pressure Injury among Patients Admitted to the ICU
Authors: Qin Lili , Yun Wenjuan , Hang Cheng 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the characteristics and risk factors of endotracheal intubation-related pressure injury (EIRPI) in patients admitted to the ICU and provide a basis for EIRPI prevention and treatment.

METHODS
A total of 156 patients with endotracheal intubation who were admitted to ICU at a first-class hospital from January to December 2018 were enrolled in this study. Investigators collected and analyzed data and outcomes such as patient characteristics (demographic and clinical), endotracheal catheter-related factors, and the assessment and features of pressure injuries.

RESULTS
The incidence of EIRPI was 23.7%. The most commonly affected site was the lip (76.7%). The incidence was affected by endotracheal intubation types, endotracheal catheter indwelling time, subglottic suction, catheter fixation, and fixator types (P < .05). In addition, the moisture, mobility, and friction/shear Braden subscale scores were also correlated with the incidence of pressure injury (P < .05). Long endotracheal catheter indwelling time, the use of catheters with subglottic suction, high Braden moisture subscale score, low Braden mobility subscale score, and low Braden friction and shear subscale scores were predictive factors for EIRPI (P < .05).

CONCLUSIONS
Patients in the ICU are at higher risk of developing EIRPI. Early identification of risk factors and timely intervention are the keys to preventing EIRPI.
Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes Following a Prolonged Second Stage of Labor: A Meta-analysis of Observational Studies
Authors: Pergialiotis Vasilios , Bellos Ioannis , Antsaklis Aris , Papapanagiotou Angeliki , Loutradis Dimitrios , Daskalakis George 
Published: February 2021

(Abstracted from Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2020;252:62–69)
Prolonged second stage of labor and its impact on maternal and neonatal outcomes have been the focus of a number of research articles. Yet, strict consensus on these outcomes remains unclear.
Salpingectomy vs Tubal Ligation for Sterilization: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Mills Kerry , Marchand Greg , Sainz Katelyn , Azadi Ali , Ware Kelly , Vallejo Janelle , Anderson Sienna , King Alexa , Osborn Asya , Ruther Stacy , Brazil Giovanna , Cieminski Kaitlynne , Hopewell Sophia , Rials Lisa , Klipp Angela 
Published: February 2021

(Abstracted from Am J Obstet Gynecol 2020; doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.09.011)
The association between removal of the fallopian tubes and decreased risk of ovarian cancer is well documented. Although complete removal of the fallopian tubes (salpingectomy) for the prevention of ovarian cancer seems promising, no unequivocal evidence supports this practice in women seeking sterilization.
Hemodynamic Parameters in the Assessment of Fluid Status in a Porcine Hemorrhage and Resuscitation Model
Authors: Wise Eric S. , Hocking Kyle M. , Polcz Monica E. , Beilman Gregory J. , Brophy Colleen M. , Sobey Jenna H. , Leisy Philip J. , Kiberenge Roy K. , Alvis Bret D. 
Published: February 2021

Background
Measuring fluid status during intraoperative hemorrhage is challenging, but detection and quantification of fluid overload is far more difficult. Using a porcine model of hemorrhage and over-resuscitation, it is hypothesized that centrally obtained hemodynamic parameters will predict volume status more accurately than peripherally obtained vital signs.

Methods
Eight anesthetized female pigs were hemorrhaged at 30 ml/min to a blood loss of 400 ml. After each 100 ml of hemorrhage, vital signs (heart rate, systolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, diastolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, pulse pressure variation) and centrally obtained hemodynamic parameters (mean pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, central venous pressure, cardiac output) were obtained. Blood volume was restored, and the pigs were over-resuscitated with 2,500 ml of crystalloid, collecting parameters after each 500-ml bolus. Hemorrhage and resuscitation phases were analyzed separately to determine differences among parameters over the range of volume. Conformity of parameters during hemorrhage or over-resuscitation was assessed.

Results
During the course of hemorrhage, changes from baseline euvolemia were observed in vital signs (systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and mean arterial pressure) after 100 ml of blood loss. Central hemodynamic parameters (mean pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure) were changed after 200 ml of blood loss, and central venous pressure after 300 ml of blood loss. During the course of resuscitative volume overload, changes were observed from baseline euvolemia in mean pulmonary artery pressure and central venous pressure after 500-ml resuscitation, in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure after 1,000-ml resuscitation, and cardiac output after 2,500-ml resuscitation. In contrast to hemorrhage, vital sign parameters did not change during over-resuscitation. The strongest linear correlation was observed with pulmonary capillary wedge pressure in both hemorrhage (r

2
= 0.99) and volume overload (r

2
= 0.98).

Conclusions
Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure is the most accurate parameter to track both hemorrhage and over-resuscitation, demonstrating the unmet clinical need for a less invasive pulmonary capillary wedge pressure equivalent.

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