bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound‐based sensors to monitor physiological motion
Authors: Madore Bruno , Preiswerk Frank , Bredfeldt Jeremy S. , Zong Shenyan , Cheng Cheng‐Chieh 
Published: May 2021

PurposeMedical procedures can be difficult to perform on anatomy that is constantly moving. Respiration displaces internal organs by up to several centimeters with respect to the surface of the body, and patients often have limited ability to hold their breath. Strategies to compensate for motion during diagnostic and therapeutic procedures require reliable information to be available. However, current devices often monitor respiration indirectly, through changes on the outline of the body, and they may be fixed to floors or ceilings, and thus unable to follow a given patient through different locations. Here we show that small ultrasound‐based sensors referred to as “organ configuration motion” (OCM) sensors can be fixed to the abdomen and/or chest and provide information‐rich, breathing‐related signals.MethodsBy design, the proposed sensors are relatively inexpensive. Breathing waveforms were obtained from tissues at varying depths and/or using different sensor placements. Validation was performed against breathing waveforms derived from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and optical tracking signals in five and eight volunteers, respectively.ResultsBreathing waveforms from different modalities were scaled so they could be directly compared. Differences between waveforms were expressed in the form of a percentage, as compared to the amplitude of a typical breath. Expressed in this manner, for shallow tissues, OCM‐derived waveforms on average differed from MRI and optical tracking results by 13.1% and 15.5%, respectively.ConclusionThe present results suggest that the proposed sensors provide measurements that properly characterize breathing states. While OCM‐based waveforms from shallow tissues proved similar in terms of information content to those derived from MRI or optical tracking, OCM further captured depth‐dependent and position‐dependent (i.e., chest and abdomen) information. In time, the richer information content of OCM‐based waveforms may enable better respiratory gating to be performed, to allow diagnostic and therapeutic equipment to perform at their best.
Northern Madtom Use of Artificial Reefs in the St. Clair–Detroit River System
Authors: Johnson Jennifer L. , Chiotti Justin A. , Briggs Andrew S. , Boase James C. , Hessenauer Jan-Michael , Roseman Edward F. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The St. Clair and Detroit rivers historically supported abundant fish populations. However, like many river systems, these rivers have been greatly altered through the creation of navigation channels and other anthropogenic disturbances, resulting in the loss of fish and wildlife habitat and declines in native fish populations. To ameliorate this environmental degradation, artificial fish spawning reefs were constructed in the St. Clair and Detroit rivers. One native species to potentially benefit from artificial reefs is the Northern Madtom Noturus stigmosus, a small ictalurid that is listed as endangered in the state of Michigan and the province of Ontario. Between 2016 and 2018, artificial reefs and nearby control sites were sampled in the St. Clair and Detroit rivers to compare the number of Northern Madtoms. In total, 171 Northern Madtoms were captured in 1,848 minnow traps with one of four bait types: cheese, dog food, worms, or control (no bait). Baited minnow traps successfully captured Northern Madtoms in the fast-flowing, deep water of the St. Clair–Detroit River system, and catch rates were significantly higher when traps were baited with worms. The number of Northern Madtoms captured was lower in the Detroit River than in the St. Clair River and increased with increasing water temperature and turbidity. Artificial reefs constructed in the St. Clair–Detroit River system are providing habitat for Northern Madtoms; however, use did not differ between reef sites and nearby control sites. This work provides insight regarding sampling strategies to target Northern Madtoms in large-river systems and highlights the importance of incorporating a temporal sampling strategy into survey design.
Illness uncertainty among patients with COVID‐19 in the Mobile Cabin Hospital
Authors: Dong Liang , Chen Lei , Ding Shu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimsTo investigate the status and influencing factors of illness uncertainty among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in the mobile cabin hospital.DesignA cross‐sectional study.Methods114 patients with COVID‐19 admitted to a mobile cabin hospital in Wuhan, Hubei Province, in February 2020 were enrolled by a convenience sampling method. The Chinese version of the Mishel Illness Uncertainty Scale (MUIS) was used to assess patients’ degree of illness uncertainty, and multiple regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors.ResultsThe average total score of MUIS (Chinese version) was 52.22 ± 12.51, indicating a moderate level of illness uncertainty. The dimension unpredictability turned out to have the highest mean score: 2.88 ± 0.90. The multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that female (t = 2.462, p = .015), monthly family income not less than RMB 10,000 (t = −2.095, p = .039), and disease duration of 28 days or more (t = 2.249, p = .027) were independent influencing factors of illness uncertainty.ConclusionPatients with COVID‐19 are at a moderate level of illness uncertainty. Medical staffs should pay more attention to female patients, patients with lower monthly family income, patients with the prolonged disease, and take targeted interventions to help them reduce illness uncertainty.ImpactFacing the brand new and unknown infectious disease, patients confirmed of COVID‐19 suffer from immense physical and psychological stress, where illness uncertainty is a major stressor that troubles patients. The present study surveys illness uncertainty among patients with COVID‐19 in the mobile cabin hospital with results revealing a moderate level. Study results will benefit nurses in any setting where care for patients with COVID‐19 is provided, public policymakers and future researchers.
Intensive care nurses' experiences with the new electronic medication administration record
Authors: Gregory Linda R. , Lim Rimen , MacCullagh Lois , Riley Therese , Tuqiri Karen , Heiler Jan , Peters Kath 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimTo explore the experiences of Registered Nurses who administered medications to patients using the electronic medication administration record (eMAR) in Electronic Record for Intensive Care (eRIC) at one adult intensive care unit (ICU) in NSW, Australia.DesignThe study research design used a qualitative descriptive exploratory approach that took place in two stages.MethodsFive participants attended one focus group followed by the observation of each participant as medications were administered to their assigned patient using the eMAR in eRIC.ResultsFrom the data, three themes and one subtheme were identified. Themes included forcing nurses to work outside legal boundaries; patient safety; with a subtheme titled experiencing computer fatigue; and taking time away from the patient. To practise safely, nurses were required to implement workaround practices when using the new eMAR in ICU. Nurses also were concerned that the eMAR in eRIC took time away from the patient at the bedside and ‘added more screen time’ to their day.
Social inequalities in meal skipping patterns among children and adolescents: The CASPIAN–V study
Authors: Qorbani Mostafa , Kasaeian Amir , Rafiemanzelat Amir‐masood , Sheidayi Ali , Djalalinia Shirin , Nouri Kourosh , Rastad Hadith , Salimi Dorsa , Ghaderi Kimia , Motlagh Mohammad Esmaeil , Heshmat Ramin , Kelishadi Roya 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground & AimThe appropriate meal consumption affects the children's and adolescents' health. Few studies have shown an association between the socioeconomic inequality and the eating behavior among children and adolescents. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the socioeconomic inequality in meal skipping patterns among children and adolescents.Materials & MethodsThe data were accessible through the fifth round of a school‐based program in Iran in 2015. In this cross‐sectional nationwide study, 14,286 students aged 7–18 years were selected via the multistage cluster sampling from 30 provinces of Iran. The Global School‐based Health Survey validated questionnaire was used to assess the socioeconomic variables and meal consumption patterns among children and adolescents. Socioeconomic status (SES) was computed using principle component analysis method. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess the socioeconomic inequality in meal skipping patterns.ResultsThe frequency of breakfast, lunch, and dinner skipping were 13.8% (95% CI: 13.3–14.5), 6.8% (95% CI: 6.4–7.2), and 7.5% (95% CI: 7.1–7.9), respectively. In multivariate model, living in a two‐parent family compared to living in a single‐parent family decreased the odds of breakfast skipping (OR: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.42–0.67)). Low SES level was associated with higher odds of skipping breakfast (OR: 1.79, 95% CI: 1.50–2.14) and dinner (OR: 1.80, 95% CI: 1.42–2.28). Moreover, maternal illiteracy and unemployment were associated with skipping breakfast, lunch, and dinner (all p values < 0.05).ConclusionSome demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, such as maternal illiteracy and unemployment, low SES level, and living in a single‐parent family were suggested as the main predictors of meal skipping patterns in children and adolescents.
Underestimation of overweight weight status in children and adolescents aged 0‐19 years: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Alshahrani Abrar , Shuweihdi Farag , Swift Judy , Avery Amanda 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundPerceptions of children's weight status may be important in obesity prevention and treatment.AimsThis review identifies the prevalence of the underestimation of overweight status in children by parents/main carers, children, and healthcare professionals (HCP). The review critically synthesized both quantitative and qualitative evidence to explore the factors associated with this underestimation. The diverse methods used to assess this phenomenon are reported.MethodsPooled effect sizes were calculated using random‐effects model. Published studies, up to 2020, were accessed using the following search engines: CINAHL, EMBASE, PUBMED, and Psych‐Info and including the “Cited by” and “Related Articles” functions. Hand‐searching was used to retrieve further articles. Publication language and location had no bearing on the nature of the included studies.ResultsA total of 91 articles were included. In the quantitative studies, 55% (95% CI 49%–61%) of caregivers underestimated their child's level of overweight and obesity using a verbal scale and 47% (95% CI 36%–55%) using visual scales. Of the children studied, 34% (95% CI 25%–43%) underestimated their own level of overweight and obesity using both scales. In (n = 3) articles, HCPs reflected this misperception, but limited studies prevented meta‐analysis. Underestimation was associated with the child's age, gender, BMI and parental weight status, ethnicity and education. In the qualitative studies, parents/main carers of children with overweight and obesity described their child's weight in terms other than overweight, for example, “big boned,” “thick,” and “solid.”ConclusionThe results confirm the prevalence of underestimation of child overweight status across international studies. Understanding the factors which lead to this inaccuracy may help to improve communication within the therapeutic triad and facilitate the recognition and management of children's overweight status.
Effects of polyetherimide sizing involving carbon nanotubes on interfacial performance of carbon fiber/polyetheretherketone composites
Authors: Liu Hansong , Zhao Yan , Chen Fan , Li Na , Sun Mingchen , Zhang Tianyi , Sun Tianpei , Wang Kai , Du Shanyi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe interaction between carbon fiber (CF) and thermoplastic resin presents weakened characteristic, which can be problematic of composites in structural applications. Therefore, it is of great significance to research techniques of CF surface modification to strengthen the interface of composites. Herein, based on the optimization of emulsion composition, polyetherimide (PEI) sizing involving carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was applied on CF surface to enhance the interface of CF/polyetheretherketone (PEEK) composites. The surface morphology, chemical characteristic, and surface energy of modified CF illustrate the effectiveness of this method, and the micro as well as macro interfacial properties of as‐prepared modified CF/PEEK demonstrate the increased tendency. This work may shed some light on industrialized application of the sizing agent for CF reinforced high‐performance engineering plastic composites.
Rapid characterisation of xanthine oxidase inhibitors from the flowers of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. Using metabolomics approach
Authors: Loh Khye Er , Chin Yong Sin , Safinar Ismail Intan , Tan Hui Yin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionHyperuricemia is the key risk factor for gout, in which the elevated uric acid is attributed to the oxidation of hypoxanthine and xanthine to uric acid by xanthine oxidase (XO). Adverse effects of the current treatments lead to an urgent need for safer and more effective alternative from natural resources.ObjectiveTo compare the metabolite profile of Chrysanthemum morifolium flower fraction with that of its detannified fraction in relation to XO inhibitory activity using a rapid and effective metabolomics approach.MethodsProton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR)‐based metabolomics approach coupled with multivariate data analysis was utilised to characterise the XO inhibitors related to the antioxidant properties, total phenolic, and total flavonoid contents of the C. morifolium dried flowers.ResultsThe highest XO inhibitory activity, 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, total phenolic and flavonoid content with strong positive correlation between them were observed in the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction. Detannified EtOAc showed higher XO inhibitory activity than non‐detannified EtOAc fraction. A total of 17 metabolites were tentatively identified, of which three namely kaempferol, 4‐hydroxybenzoic acid and apigenin, could be suggested to be responsible for the strong XO inhibitory activity. Additive interaction between 4‐hydroxybenzoic acid and apigenin (or kaempferol) in XO inhibition was demonstrated in the interaction assay conducted.ConclusionChrysanthemum morifolium dried flower‐part could be further explored as a natural XO inhibitor for its anti‐hyperuricemic potential. Metabolomics approach served as an effective classification of plant metabolites responsible for XO inhibitory activity, and demonstrated that multiple active compounds can work additively in giving combined inhibitory effects.
The role of GSA participation, victimization based on sexual orientation, and race on psychosocial well‐being among LGBTQ secondary school students
Authors: Truong Nhan L. , Zongrone Adrian D. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGay‐Straight Alliances or Gender and Sexuality Alliances (GSAs) are school clubs that address LGBTQ issues. Although little is known about potential benefits of participation in GSAs, there is some evidence that they may generally benefit LGBTQ student well‐being and academic achievement. However, some literature suggests GSAs may not meet the needs of LGBTQ students of color. The current study explores whether GSA participation is related to psychosocial well‐being, whether GSA participation moderates the relationship between victimization based on sexual orientation and well‐being, and whether these relationships differ by race/ethnicity. The sample included 11,164 LGBTQ secondary school students who have a GSA at their school, and who reported on GSA participation, verbal harassment based on sexual orientation, and psychosocial indicators (depression, self‐esteem, and school belonging). Participation in GSAs was related to greater school belonging, but was not related to self‐esteem and depression. The associations between GSA participation and verbal harassment based on sexual orientation on psychosocial well‐being did not differ by race/ethnicity. The findings provide an important first step in re‐thinking and re‐examining how GSA participation may be helpful for LGBTQ students. Implications for school policy and practices are discussed.
Gas‐phase chemistry and reactive‐ion etching kinetics for silicon‐based materials in C4F8 + O2 + Ar plasma
Authors: Lee Byung Jun , Efremov Alexander , Kwon Kwang‐Ho 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this study, we investigated the effects of C4F8/O2 and Ar/O2 component ratios in C4F8 + O2 + Ar gas system on plasma parameters, gas‐phase chemistry, and etching kinetics for Si, SiO2, and Si3N4 under the condition of inductively coupled radiofrequency (13.56 MHz) plasma. The use of plasma diagnostics by Langmuir probes, together with the zero‐dimensional plasma modeling, allowed one to compare two different gas mixing regimes in respect to (a) electrons‐ and ions‐related plasma parameters; (b) steady‐state densities of plasma active species; and (c) formation and decay kinetics for F atoms and polymerizing radicals. It was shown that variations in both C4F8/O2 and Ar/O2 mixing ratios result in nonmonotonic (with maximums at ∼10% to 15% O2) Si, SiO2, and Si3N4 etching rates as well as in opposite changes in corresponding effective reaction probabilities. The model‐based analysis of etching mechanisms allowed one to suggest that the net effect from all heterogeneous (i.e., appeared on the etched surface) interaction pathways may be controlled either by the fluorocarbon radical flux (in the case of Ar/O2 mixing ratios at constant fraction of C4F8) through the polymer film thickness or by the O atom flux (in the case of C4F8/O2 mixing ratios at constant fraction of Ar) through the balance of adsorption sites.
Auxiliary information‐based maximum generally weighted moving average chart for simultaneously monitoring process mean and variability
Authors: Lu Shin‐Li , Chen Jen‐Hsiang , Yang Su‐Fen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAn auxiliary information‐based (AIB) maximum exponentially weighted moving average (MaxEWMA) chart has been proposed to simultaneously monitor both increases and decreases in the process mean and/or variability, called the AIB‐MaxEWMA chart, which is superior to the existing MaxEWMA chart. In this paper, we propose the AIB maximum generally weighted moving average chart, called the AIB‐MaxGWMA chart, to further enhance the sensitivity of the AIB‐MaxEWMA chart. Numerical simulation studies indicate that the AIB‐MaxGWMA chart is sensitive to small shifts in the process mean and/or variability. The performance of the AIB‐MaxGWMA chart based on average run lengths (ARLs) also outperforms than its counterparts including AIB‐MaxEWMA, MaxGWMA and MaxEWMA charts. An example is used to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed AIB‐MaxGWMA chart in detecting small process shifts.
CNN‐OHGS: CNN‐oppositional‐based Henry gas solubility optimization model for autonomous vehicle control system
Authors: Ravikumar S. , Kavitha D. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNumerous developments in technology toward autonomous vehicle systems (AVSs) have been performed for so many years all over the world. As our day‐to‐day life is becoming progressively dependent on automation vehicle system and control devices, the craze on automation advancements is expected to move closer through scientific technologies like artificial intelligence and robotics. From another point of view, the cyber threat to the AVS causes drastic accidents and traffic congestion by varying the speed differences among the vehicles. To overcome such shortcomings, this paper presented a convolutional neural network‐oppositional‐based Henry gas solubility optimization (CNN‐OHGS) algorithm for an autonomous vehicle control system to enhance the robustness of the vehicle. At the same time, the attackers attempt to embed the faulty or defective data into the sensor readings of the autonomous vehicle to interrupt the optimal distances among the automated vehicles. Therefore to minimize such issues, our proposed framework employs the CNN‐OHGS algorithm to reduce the distance variations among the vehicles thus ensuring the safety and optimal distance variation. Finally, the experimental analysis is conducted and the performance evaluation for various attacks, FID evaluation, and remorse function, and distance deviation for all sensor signal attacks are evaluated. The comparative analysis is made and we can clearly state that the proposed work has outperformed other existing approaches.
The suitability of Hester–Dendy macroinvertebrate samplers in fluctuating flows
Authors: Hansson Mattias , Lind Lovisa , Vernby Andreas , Greenberg Larry , Watz Johan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractReliable methods for assessing the ecological status of degraded rivers are essential for evaluating restoration efforts in lotic habitats. Several methods are based on biological indicators, such as benthic macroinvertebrates. The Hester–Dendy multi‐plate sampler is a commonly used tool for sampling macroinvertebrates, but its performance under different environmental conditions is not well understood. In a laboratory experiment, we assessed if fluctuating and increasing water velocity influences the performance of Hester–Dendy samplers, by studying colonization of the samplers in relation to a pre‐determined composition of benthic macroinvertebrates. Biodiversity (Shannon‐Wiener index) of colonizing macroinvertebrates was higher in a constant than in a fluctuating flow treatment, but there was no effect on the number of colonizing individuals. The results suggest a potential bias in the interpretation of biodiversity data from sites with sub‐daily flow changes, for example, downstream of hydropeaking power plants.
Doing Assessment: A Multicase Study of Preschool Teachers’ Language and Literacy Data Practices
Authors: Schachter Rachel E. , Piasta Shayne B. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEarly childhood research and policy have promoted the use of language and literacy assessment data to inform instruction. Yet, there is a limited understanding of preschool teachers’ data practices and sensemaking, particularly when considered from the perspectives of practicing teachers. In this multicase study, we used a phenomenological approach to generate a theory about preschool teachers’ data practices in relation to supporting children’s language and literacy outcomes. Twenty preschool teachers participated in a series of three observations, planning interviews, and stimulated recall interviews designed to tap their pedagogical reasoning and data use practices. The framework that emerged through iterative within‐ and cross‐case analyses comprised three major elements (what teachers knew, how they knew it, and the way they used the data) and suggested that teachers could be characterized into three data use profiles (data gatherers, in‐the‐moment data users, and integrated data users). Findings indicate (a) teachers may understand data differently than researchers or policymakers do, (b) teachers’ understanding of data sources goes beyond traditional conceptualizations, (c) a continuum in teachers’ data use practices, and (d) a need to better support teachers in moving from simply doing assessment to using data in ways that are meaningful for practice and children’s language and literacy outcomes.