bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
СПЕКТРОФОТОМЕТРИЧНЕ ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ АТЕНОЛОЛУ В ТАБЛЕТКАХ
Authors: Maletska O. R. , Vasyuk S. O. 
Published: May 2021

Мета роботи. Розробка та валідація методики спектрофотометичного визначення атенололу в лікарських препаратах.
Матеріали і методи. У роботі використовували такі реагенти і розчинники: діазоль червоний ЖЖ (НВФ «Синбіас»), таблетки «Атенолол-Астрофарм» 50 мг (ТОВ «Астрофарм», Україна, серія 050417), таблетки «Атенолол-Астрофарм» 100 мг (ТОВ «Астрофарм», Україна, серія 010218), метанол (LAB-SCAN, Ірландія, партія № 5120/13), натрій карбонат (НВФ «Синбіас»), вода дистильована.
Аналітичне обладнання: спектрофотометр «SPECORD-200» (Analytic Jena AG, Німеччина), ваги лабораторні електронні RADWAG XA 210.4Y, баня ультразвукова Sonorex Digitec DT100H, лабораторний посуд класу А.
Дослідження проводили у відділі експериментальних фармацевтичних досліджень наукового медико-лабораторного центру (НМЛЦ) Запорізького державного медичного університету.
Результати й обговорення. Розроблено методику спектрофотометричного визначення кількісного вмісту атенололу за реакцією з діазолем червоним ЖЖ у середовищі вода-метанол. Методами насичення та неперервних змін встановлено стехіометричне співвідношення «атенолол – діазоль червоний ЖЖ» – 1:1. Проведена валідація розробленої методики за такими критеріями, як лінійність, прецизійність, правильність та робасність. З огляду на отримані дані розроблена методика є коректною та може бути використана у відділах контролю якості хіміко-фармацевтичних підприємств.
Висновки. Розроблено чутливу, економічну, просту у виконанні спектрофотометричну методику кількісного визначення атенололу в складі таблетованих лікарських форм «Атенолол-Астрафарм» 50 мг та «Атенолол-Астрафарм» 100 мг на основі реакції з діазолем червоним ЖЖ, яку було валідовано згідно зі стандартизованою процедурою валідації методом стандарту. Доведено, що за такими валідаційними характеристиками, як лінійність, прецизійність, правильність та робасність розроблена методика валідна та відповідає вимогам ДФУ.
ДИЗАЙН ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТУ ПРИ ПРОВЕДЕННІ ДОСЛІДЖЕНЬ ЗІ СТВОРЕННЯ ТАБЛЕТОВАНИХ ЛІКАРСЬКИХ ЗАСОБІВ
Authors: Hroshovyi T. A. , Demchuk M. B. , Pavliuk B. V. , Beley N. M. , Fizer L. V. , Malanchuk N. V. 
Published: May 2021

Повідомлення 3. Використання штучних нейронних мереж у дизайні експерименту із розробки складу і технології таблетованих лікарських засобів із модифікованим вивільненням.
Мета роботи. Аналіз і систематизація даних літератури щодо використання методу штучних нейронних мереж при фармако-технологічних дослідженнях таблетованих лікарських засобів із модифікованим вивільненням.
Матеріали і методи. В роботі використано методи інформаційного пошуку, аналізу даних літератури щодо використання штучних нейронних мереж для дизайну експерименту в дослідженнях із розробки складу і технології твердих лікарських форм із модифікованим вивільненням.
Результати й обговорення. Впровадження дизайну якості в процес фармацевтичної розробки стимулював науковців активно використовувати методи статистичного аналізу в дизайні експерименту. Розвиток методів машинного навчання, зокрема штучних нейронних мереж, дав можливість активно їх застосовувати при розробці складу і технології твердих лікарських форм із модифікованим вивільненням, у фармакокінетичному і фармакодинамічному моделюванні. Наведено приклади використання статистичних програм на основі штучних нейронних мереж для визначення взаємозв’язку між незалежними змінними та критичними показниками якості отриманих лікарських засобів.
Висновки. Програми штучних нейронних мереж є відмінними інструментами для розробки складу і технології, а також дослідження ЛЗ, які не тільки дають точні результати, але й значно скорочують необхідний для цього час і матеріальні ресурси. Використання статистичних програм на основі штучних нейронних мереж спрощує процес створення твердих лікарських форм із модифікованим вивільненням, оптимізує дослідження їхньої стабільності і вивільнення діючих речовин.
A lógica cultural do museu tardo-capitalista
Authors: Krauss Rosalind , Nones Leonardo 
Published: May 2021

À luz das modificações sociopolíticas ocorridas na década de 1980, mormente a escalada dos processos de financeirização, este texto discute a participação dos museus e complexos culturais – sua íntima relação com o então recente estatuto da arquitetura pós-moderna, sua abertura aos mercados mundiais e a crescente especialização de suas funções – em uma renovada dinâmica dos processos de comercialização e recepção dos trabalhos de arte e, sobretudo, na reconfiguração do alcance da experiência estética. Detendo-se em exemplos europeus e norte-americanos, a autora analisa o nexo iminente, àquela altura, entre a apropriação institucional das operações do minimalismo e as revisões do campo disciplinar da história da arte para fundamentar a nova "lógica" verificada em consagrados espaços dedicados à arte.
Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial of Ferric Carboxymaltose in Heart Failure With Iron Deficiency: Rationale and Design
Authors: Mentz Robert J. , Ambrosy Andrew P. , Ezekowitz Justin A. , Lewis Gregory D. , Butler Javed , Wong Yee Weng , De Pasquale Carmine G. , Troughton Richard W. , O’Meara Eileen , Rockhold Frank W. , Garg Jyostna , Samsky Marc D. , Leloudis Dianne , Dugan Michael , Mundy Linda M. , Hernandez Adrian F. ,   on behalf of the HEART-FID Trial Investigators
Published: May 2021

Background:
Iron deficiency (ID) has a prevalence of ≈40% to 50% among patients in heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction and is associated with worse prognosis. Several trials demonstrated that intravenous ferric carboxymaltose leads to early and sustained improvement in patient-reported outcomes and functional capacity in patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction with ID, yet morbidity and mortality data are limited.

Methods:
The objective of the HEART-FID trial (Ferric Carboxymaltose in Heart Failure With Iron Deficiency) is to assess efficacy and safety of ferric carboxymaltose compared with placebo as treatment for symptomatic HF with reduced ejection fraction with ID. HEART-FID is a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial enrolling ≈3014 patients at ≈300 international centers. Eligible patients are aged ≥18 years in stable chronic HF with New York Heart Association functional class II to IV symptoms, ejection fraction ≤40%, ID (ferritin <100 ng/mL or ferritin 100–300 ng/mL with a transferrin saturation <20%), and documented HF hospitalization or elevated N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide. Consented patients are assigned to ferric carboxymaltose or placebo at baseline, with repeated visits/assessments every 6 months for additional study drug based on hemoglobin and iron indices for the trial duration. The primary end point is a hierarchical composite of death and HF hospitalization at 12 months and change from baseline to 6 months in the 6-minute walk test distance.

Conclusions:
The HEART-FID trial will inform clinical practice by clarifying the role of long-term treatment with intravenous ferric carboxymaltose, added to usual care, in ambulatory patients with symptomatic HF with reduced ejection fraction with ID.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03037931.
Detrimental Immediate- and Medium-Term Clinical Effects of Right Ventricular Pacing in Patients With Myocardial Fibrosis
Authors: Saunderson Christopher E.D. , Paton Maria F. , Brown Louise A.E. , Gierula John , Chew Pei G. , Das Arka , Sengupta Anshuman , Craven Thomas P. , Chowdhary Amrit , Koshy Aaron , White Hazel , Levelt Eylem , Dall’Armellina Erica , Garg Pankaj , Witte Klaus K. , Greenwood John P. , Plein Sven , Swoboda Peter P. 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Long-term right ventricular (RV) pacing leads to heart failure or a decline in left ventricular (LV) function in up to a fifth of patients. We aimed to establish whether patients with focal fibrosis detected on late gadolinium enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) have deterioration in LV function after RV pacing.

Methods:
We recruited 84 patients with LV ejection fraction ≥40% into 2 observational CMR studies. Patients (n=34) with a dual-chamber device and preserved atrioventricular conduction underwent CMR in 2 asynchronous pacing modes (atrial asynchronous and dual-chamber asynchronous) to compare intrinsic atrioventricular conduction with forced RV pacing. Patients (n=50) with high-grade atrioventricular block underwent CMR before and 6 months after pacemaker implantation to investigate the medium-term effects of RV pacing.

Results:

The key findings were (1) initiation of RV pacing in patients with fibrosis, compared with those without, was associated with greater immediate changes in both LV end-systolic volume index (5.3±3.5 versus 2.1±2.4 mL/m
2
;
P
<0.01) and LV ejection fraction (−5.7±3.4% versus −3.2±2.6%;
P
=0.02); (2) medium-term RV pacing in patients with fibrosis, compared with those without, was associated with greater changes in LV end-systolic volume index (8.0±10.4 versus −0.6±7.3 mL/m
2
;
P
=0.008) and LV ejection fraction (−12.3±7.9% versus −6.7±6.2%;
P
=0.012); (3) patients with fibrosis did not experience an improvement in quality of life, biomarkers, or functional class after pacemaker implantation; (4) after 6 months of RV pacing, 10 of 50 (20%) patients developed LV ejection fraction <35% and were eligible for upgrade to cardiac resynchronization according to current guidelines. All 10 patients had fibrosis on their preimplant baseline scan and were identified by >1.1 g of fibrosis with 90% sensitivity and 70% specificity.

Conclusions:
Fibrosis detected on CMR is associated with immediate- and medium-term deterioration in LV function following RV pacing and could be used to identify those at risk of heart failure before pacemaker implantation.
Aspirin Versus Clopidogrel as Single Antithrombotic Therapy After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: Insight From the OCEAN-TAVI Registry
Authors: Kobari Yusuke , Inohara Taku , Saito Tetsuya , Yoshijima Nobuhiro , Tanaka Makoto , Tsuruta Hikaru , Yashima Fumiaki , Shimizu Hideyuki , Fukuda Keiichi , Naganuma Toru , Mizutani Kazuki , Yamawaki Masahiro , Tada Norio , Yamanaka Futoshi , Shirai Shinichi , Tabata Minoru , Ueno Hiroshi , Takagi Kensuke , Watanabe Yusuke , Yamamoto Masanori , Hayashida Kentaro 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Current guidelines recommend dual antiplatelet therapy for the first 1 to 6 months after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR); however, recent studies have reported better outcomes with single antiplatelet therapy than with dual antiplatelet therapy in the occurrence of bleeding events, while not increasing thrombotic events. However, no data exist about optimal single antiplatelet therapy following TAVR.

Methods:
Patients who underwent TAVR between October 2013 and May 2017 were enrolled from the OCEAN-TAVI Japanese multicenter registry (Optimized Transcatheter Valvular Intervention). After excluding 1759 patients, 829 who received aspirin (100 mg/d) or clopidogrel (75 mg/d) after TAVR were identified and stratified according to the presence or absence of anticoagulation. Propensity score matching was performed to adjust the baseline characteristics between the aspirin and clopidogrel groups. Outcomes of interest were all-cause and cardiovascular deaths, stroke, and life-threatening or major bleeding within 2 years following TAVR.

Results:

After propensity score matching, 98 and 157 pairs of patients without and with anticoagulation, respectively, were identified. Falsification end points of pneumonia, urinary tract infection, and hip fracture were evaluated, and their rates were not different between groups. All-cause deaths were not statistically different between the groups in patients with (aspirin, 17.5%; clopidogrel, 11.1%; log-rank
P
=0.07) and without (aspirin, 29.6%; clopidogrel, 20.1%; log-rank
P
=0.15) anticoagulation at 2 years post-TAVR, whereas clopidogrel was associated with a lower cardiovascular mortality at 2 years in patients with (aspirin, 8.5%; clopidogrel, 2.7%; log-rank
P
=0.03) and without (aspirin, 18.0%; clopidogrel, 5.2%; log-rank
P
=0.02) anticoagulation.

Conclusions:
We demonstrated that clopidogrel monotherapy was associated with a lower incidence of cardiovascular death compared with aspirin monotherapy during the 2-year follow-up after TAVR regardless of anticoagulation use.

Registration:

URL:
https://upload.umin.ac.jp
; Unique identifier: UMIN000020423.
Device-Related Thrombus After Left Atrial Appendage Closure: Data on Thrombus Characteristics, Treatment Strategies, and Clinical Outcomes From the EUROC-DRT-Registry
Authors: Sedaghat Alexander , Vij Vivian , Al-Kassou Baravan , Gloekler Steffen , Galea Roberto , Fürholz Monika , Meier Bernhard , Valgimigli Marco , O’Hara Gilles , Arzamendi Dabit , Agudelo Victor , Asmarats Lluis , Freixa Xavier , Flores-Umanzor Eduardo , De Backer Ole , Søndergaard Lars , Nombela-Franco Luis , McInerney Angela , Korsholm Kaspar , Nielsen-Kudsk Jens Erik , Afzal Shazia , Zeus Tobias , Operhalski Felix , Schmidt Boris , Montalescot Gilles , Guedeney Paul , Iriart Xavier , Miton Noelie , Saw Jacqueline , Gilhofer Thomas , Fauchier Laurent , Veliqi Egzon , Meincke Felix , Petri Nils , Nordbeck Peter , Rycerz Szymon , Ognerubov Dmitrii , Merkulov Evgeny , Cruz-González Ignacio , Gonzalez-Ferreiro Rocio , Bhatt Deepak L. , Laricchia Alessandra , Mangieri Antonio , Omran Heyder , Schrickel Jan Wilko , Rodes-Cabau Josep , Nickenig Georg 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Left atrial appendage closure is an established therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation. Although device-related thrombosis (DRT) is relatively rare, it is potentially linked to adverse events. As data on DRT characteristics, outcome, and treatment regimen are scarce, we aimed to assess these questions in a multicenter approach.

Methods:
One hundred fifty-six patients with the diagnosis of DRT after left atrial appendage closure were included in the multinational EUROC-DRT registry. Baseline characteristics included clinical and echocardiographic data. After inclusion, all patients underwent further clinical and echocardiographic follow-up to assess DRT dynamics, treatment success, and outcome.

Results:

DRT was detected after a median of 93 days (interquartile range, 54–161 days) with 17.9% being detected >6 months after left atrial appendage closure. Patients with DRT were at high ischemic and bleeding risk (CHA
2
DS
2
-VASc 4.5±1.7, HAS-BLED 3.3±1.2) and had nonparoxysmal atrial fibrillation (67.3%), previous stroke (53.8%), and spontaneous echo contrast (50.6%). The initial treatment regimens showed comparable resolution rates (antiplatelet monotherapy: 57.1%, dual antiplatelet therapy: 85.7%, vitamin K antagonists: 80.0%, novel oral anticoagulants: 75.0%, and heparin: 68.6%). After intensification or switch of treatment, complete DRT resolution was achieved in 79.5% of patients. Two-year follow-up revealed a high risk of mortality (20.0%) and ischemic stroke (13.8%) in patients with DRT. Patients with incomplete DRT resolution showed numerically higher stroke rates and increased mortality rates (stroke: 17.6% versus 12.3%,
P
=0.29; mortality: 31.3% versus 13.1%,
P
=0.05).

Conclusions:
A substantial proportion of DRT is detected >6 months after left atrial appendage closure, highlighting the need for imaging follow-up. Patients with DRT appear to be at a high risk for stroke and mortality. While DRT resolution was achieved in most patients, incomplete DRT resolution appeared to identify patients at even higher risk. Optimal DRT diagnostic criteria and treatment regimens are warranted.
Intravascular Ultrasound Versus Angiography-Guided Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation: A Health Economic Analysis
Authors: Zhou Jennifer , Liew Danny , Duffy Stephen J. , Shaw James , Walton Antony , Chan William , Gerber Robert , Stub Dion 
Published: May 2021

Background:
There is increasing evidence that use of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) guidance during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is associated with improved clinical outcomes compared with angiography guidance alone. However, concern regarding the cost-effectiveness of IVUS has limited use of this technology worldwide. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of IVUS-guided PCI compared with angiography-guided PCI in patients undergoing drug-eluting stent implantation.

Methods:
A decision-analytic Markov model was constructed to compare the cost-effectiveness of IVUS to angiography guidance from the Australian healthcare system perspective. Procedure-related morbidity and mortality were estimated from the literature. Costs were obtained from Australian sources. The population of interest was all-comers undergoing PCI with drug-eluting stent. Outcomes of interest included costs, life-expectancy, and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) for both treatment groups.

Results:
In the base case, IVUS guidance was cost-effective compared with angiography guidance alone. With 5% annual discounting, IVUS was associated with increased lifetime costs of Australian dollars (AUD) $823 (USD $597) per person and benefits of 0.04 life years and 0.05 QALYs compared with angiography, yielding an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of AUD $17 539 (USD $12 730) per QALY gained. Results were robust to sensitivity analyses, with IVUS being cost-effective in 99% of 10 000 Monte Carlo iterations assuming a willingness-to-pay threshold of AUD $50 000 per QALY gained. In a worst-case scenario analysis, IVUS remained the cost-effective option, with an ICER of AUD $36 651 (USD $26 601) per QALY gained. Exploratory subgroup analysis revealed that cost-effectiveness may be greatest among patients with left main and complex coronary lesions.

Conclusions:
Use of IVUS guidance during PCI is likely to be cost-effective compared with angiography guidance alone among patients undergoing drug-eluting stent implantation.
The Expected Number of Viable Autocatalytic Sets in Chemical Reaction Systems
Authors: Kauffman Stuart , Steel Mike 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe emergence of self-sustaining autocatalytic networks in chemical reaction systems has been studied as a possible mechanism for modeling how living systems first arose. It has been known for several decades that such networks will form within systems of polymers (under cleavage and ligation reactions) under a simple process of random catalysis, and this process has since been mathematically analyzed. In this paper, we provide an exact expression for the expected number of self-sustaining autocatalytic networks that will form in a general chemical reaction system, and the expected number of these networks that will also be uninhibited (by some molecule produced by the system). Using these equations, we are able to describe the patterns of catalysis and inhibition that maximize or minimize the expected number of such networks. We apply our results to derive a general theorem concerning the trade-off between catalysis and inhibition, and to provide some insight into the extent to which the expected number of self-sustaining autocatalytic networks coincides with the probability that at least one such system is present.
Biological requirements or social expectations? Entanglements of sex and gender in nutrition policies in Ontario secondary schools
Authors: Gray Sarah 
Published: May 2021

Objectives: An increasing number of nutrition policies have been implemented in Ontario schools as part of a concerted effort to address students’ well-being. This article explores understandings of biological differences in nutrition requirements between young men and women and the extent to which these differences are (re)produced in social eating behaviours and food pedagogies. Setting: A suburban school (grades 9–12) located in the Greater Toronto-Hamilton Area in Ontario, Canada. Method: Critical policy analysis combined with 13 focus groups of students (13–18 years old) in one Ontario school. A biopedagogical lens was used to analyse how young people develop and deploy their own reasoning and question the messages they receive about expected behaviour. Results: Focus group discussions suggest that dominant discourses and constructions about sex/gender are reproduced within the school environment, which has implications for the effectiveness of nutrition policies in schools. Furthermore, differences between young men and women’s eating behaviours were found to be contradictory to biopedagogical instructions from educational institutions and governmental agencies. For some young people, the pedagogical messages received are limited in their effectiveness because young people have not been convinced that it is worth risking their social status or because their content is contrary to messages received from media or their peers. Conclusion: Incorporating student voice in the creation of educational policy will assist health educators and school officials to understand sex/gender influences on the behaviour of students in terms of financial considerations, peer influence and social image. Optimising student voice to understand how they themselves may contribute to the implementation of policies will in turn increase the policies’ effectiveness.
The epidemiology of acute kidney injury in critically ill patients in the Gansu Province: The EACG study
Authors: Chen Yu , Feng Fang , Chang Xue-ni , Liu Dong , Yuan Yuan , Li Min , Mu Chenghua 
Published: May 2021

To investigate the epidemiology of acute kidney injury and to clarify the risk factors associated with the prognosis of acute kidney injury in critically ill patients in the Gansu Province. This was a multicenter, retrospective study. The clinical data of all patients from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2019, in the intensive care unit of the selected hospitals were screened. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed first, and then the patients were divided into a survival group and a nonsurvival group based on survival status at discharge. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine the risk factors for in-hospital mortality in patients with acute kidney injury. (1) Among the 8106 patients admitted, a total of 3019 patients were excluded according to the exclusion criteria. Among the included patients, 890 patients met the diagnostic criteria for AKI, with an incidence of 17.5% and mortality of 41.3%. (2) Logistic regression analysis showed that sex, age, AKI stage, infection, cardio-pulmonary resuscitation, cardiac output, mechanical ventilation, diuretics, white blood cells, platelets, blood urea nitrogen, prothrombin time, and activated partial thromboplastin time were significantly associated with the prognosis of acute kidney injury ( p < 0.05). Large-scale epidemiological data from several representative general hospitals in the Gansu Province showed that the incidence and mortality of acute kidney injury in intensive care units were still very high. Trial registration: the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry number is ChiCTR1800016945. Date of registration: 4 July 2018.