bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with the time to return negative RT-PCR from COVID-19 in paediatric patients: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Shao Jianbo , Xu Hong , Liu Zhixi , Ying Xiaohua , Xu Hua , Wang Xianfeng , Lu Jinmiao , Huang Yidie , Wang Guangfei , He Yanling , Chen Jie , Ma Shuli , Zou Shangrong , Cui Yuxia , Chen Ruijie , Lu Jin , Li Xuyuan , Li Zhiping , Huang Guoying , Wang Weibing 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveThis study aimed to describe the epidemiological and clinical features and potential factors related to the time to return negative reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR in discharged paediatric patients with COVID-19.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingUnscheduled admissions to 12 tertiary hospitals in China.ParticipantsTwo hundred and thirty-three clinical charts of paediatric patients with confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 admitted from 1 January 2020 to 17 April 2020.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrimary outcome measures: factors associated with the time to return negative RT-PCR from COVID-19 in paediatric patients. Secondary outcome measures: epidemiological and clinical features and laboratory results in paediatric patients.ResultsThe median age of patients in our cohort was 7.50 (IQR: 2.92–12.17) years, and 133 (57.1%) patients were male. 42 (18.0%) patients were evaluated as asymptomatic, while 162 (69.5%) and 25 (10.7%) patients were classified as mild or moderate, respectively. In Cox regression analysis, longer time to negative RT-PCR was associated with the presence of confirmed infection in family members (HR (95% CI): 0.56 (0.41 to 0.79)). Paediatric patients with emesis symptom had a longer time to return negative (HR (95% CI): 0.33 (0.14 to 0.78)). During hospitalisation, the use of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and antiviral drugs at the same time is less conducive to return negative than antiviral drugs alone (HR (95% CI): 0.85 (0.64 to 1.13)).ConclusionsThe mode of transmission might be a critical factor determining the disease severity of COVID-19. Patients with emesis symptom, complications or confirmed infection in family members may have longer healing time than others. However, there were no significant favourable effects from TCM when the patients have received antiviral treatment.
Factors affecting adherence to non-pharmaceutical interventions for COVID-19 infections in the first year of the pandemic in the UK
Authors: Ding Xuejie , Brazel David M , Mills Melinda C 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveNon-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), including wearing face covering/masks, social distancing and working from home, have been introduced to control SARS-CoV-2 infections. We provide individual-level empirical evidence of whether adherence reduces infections.Setting and participantsThe COVID-19 Infection Study (CIS) was used from 10 May 2020 to 2 February 2021 with 409 009 COVID-19 nose and throat swab tests nested in 72 866 households for 100 138 individuals in the labour force aged 18–64.AnalysisORs for a positive COVID-19 test were calculated using multilevel logistic regression models, stratified by sex and time, by an index of autonomy to abide by NPIs, adjusted for various socioeconomic and behavioural covariates.ResultsInability to comply with NPIs predicted higher infections when individuals reported not wearing a face covering outside. The main effect for inability to comply was OR 0.79 (95% CI 0.67 to 0.92), for wearing face covering/masks was OR 0.29 (95% CI 0.15 to 0.56) and the interaction term being OR 1.25 (95% CI 1.07 to 1.46). The youngest age groups had a significantly higher risk of infection (OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.28 to 1.82) as did women in larger households (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.06). Effects varied over time with autonomy to follow NPIs only significant in the pre-second lockdown May–November 2020 period. Wearing a face covering outside was a significant predictor of a lower chance of infection before mid-December 2020 when a stricter second lockdown was implemented (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.73).ConclusionThe protective effect of wearing a face covering/mask was the strongest for those who were the most unable to comply with NPIs. Higher infection rates were in younger groups and women in large households. Wearing a face covering or mask outside the home consistently and significantly predicted lower infection before the 2020 Christmas period and among women.
Disformal transformations and the motion of a particle in semi-classical gravity
Authors: Chowdhury Sandip , Pal Kunal , Pal Kuntal , Sarkar Tapobrata 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe approach to incorporate quantum effects in gravity by replacing free particle geodesics with Bohmian non-geodesic trajectories has an equivalent description in terms of a conformally related geometry, where the motion is force free, with the quantum effects inside the conformal factor, i.e., in the geometry itself. For more general disformal transformations relating gravitational and physical geometries, we show how to establish this equivalence by taking the quantum effects inside the disformal degrees of freedom. We also show how one can solve the usual problems associated with the conformal version, namely the wrong continuity equation, indefiniteness of the quantum mass, and wrong description of massless particles in the singularity resolution argument, by using appropriate disformal transformations.
Random resampling numerical simulations applied to a SEIR compartmental model
Authors: Morillas Francisco , Valero José 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we apply resampling techniques to a modified compartmental SEIR model which takes into account the existence of undetected infected people in an epidemic. In particular, we implement numerical simulations for the evolution of the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain in 2020. We show, by using suitable measures of goodness, that the point estimates obtained by the bootstrap samples improve the ones of the original data. For example, the relative error of detected currently infected people is equal to 0.061 for the initial estimates, while it is reduced to 0.0538 for the mean over all bootstrap estimated series.
Calorimetry at FCC-ee
Authors: Aleksa Martin , Bedeschi Franco , Ferrari Roberto , Sefkow Felix , Tully Christopher G. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWith centre-of-mass energies covering the Z pole, the WW threshold, the HZ production, and the top-pair threshold, the FCC-ee offers unprecedented possibilities to measure the properties of the four heaviest particles of the standard model (the Higgs, Z, and W bosons, and the top quark) and also those of the b and c quarks and of the $$\tau $$
τ
lepton. At these moderate energies, the role of the calorimeters is to complement the tracking systems in an optimal (a.k.a. particle-flow) event reconstruction. In this context, precision measurements and searches for new particles can fully profit from the improved electromagnetic and hadronic object reconstruction offered by new technologies, finer transverse and longitudinal segmentation, timing capabilities, multi-signal readout, modern computing techniques and algorithms. The corresponding requirements arise in particular from the resolution on reconstructed hadronic masses, energies, and momenta, for example, of H, W, Z, needed to reach the FCC-ee promised precision. Extreme electromagnetic energy resolutions are also instrumental for $$\pi ^0$$

π
0

identification, $$\tau $$
τ
exclusive decay reconstruction, and physics sensitivity to processes accessible via radiative return. We present state of the art, challenges and future developments on some of the currently most promising technologies: high-granularity silicon and scintillator readout, dual readout, noble-liquid and crystal calorimeters.
Obesity Impairs Enthesis Healing After Rotator Cuff Repair in a Rat Model
Authors: Bolam Scott M. , Park Young-Eun , Konar Subhajit , Callon Karen E. , Workman Josh , Monk A. Paul , Coleman Brendan , Cornish Jillian , Vickers Mark H. , Munro Jacob T. , Musson David S. 
Published: October 2021

Background: Being overweight or obese is associated with poor outcomes and an increased risk of failure after rotator cuff (RC) surgery. However, the effect of obesity on enthesis healing has not been well characterized. Hypotheses: Diet-induced obesity (DIO) would result in inferior enthesis healing in a rat model of RC repair, and a dietary intervention in the perioperative period would improve enthesis healing. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 weight-matched groups (n = 26 per group): control diet (CD), high-fat diet (HFD), or HFD until surgery and then CD thereafter (HF-CD). After 12 weeks, the left supraspinatus tendon was detached, followed by immediate repair. Animals were sacrificed, and RCs were harvested at 2 and 12 weeks after surgery for biomechanical and histological evaluations. Metabolic end points were assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and plasma analyses. Results: DIO was established in the HFD and HF-CD groups before surgery and subsequently reversed in the HF-CD group after surgery. At 12 weeks after surgery, the body fat percentage ( P = .0021) and plasma leptin concentration ( P = .0025) were higher in the HFD group compared with the CD group. Histologically, the appearance of the repaired entheses was poorer in both the HFD and HF-CD groups compared with the CD group at 12 weeks after surgery, with semiquantitative scores of 6.20 ( P = .0078), 4.98 ( P = .0003), and 8.68 of 15, respectively. The repaired entheses in the HF-CD group had a significantly lower load to failure ( P = .0278) at 12 weeks after surgery compared with the CD group, while the load to failure in the HFD group was low but not significantly different ( P = .0960). There were no differences in the biomechanical and histological results between the groups at 2 weeks after surgery. Body mass at the time of surgery, plasma leptin concentration, and body fat percentage were negatively correlated with histology scores and plasma leptin concentration was correlated with load to failure at 12 weeks after surgery. Conclusion: DIO impaired enthesis healing in this rat RC repair model, with inferior biomechanical and histological outcomes. Restoring a normal weight with dietary changes after surgery did not improve healing outcomes. Clinical Relevance: Obesity is a potentially modifiable factor that impairs RC healing and increases the risk of failure after surgery. Exploring interventions that improve the metabolic state of obese patients and counseling patients appropriately about their modest expectations after repair should be considered.
Choosing a health behaviour theory or model for related research projects: a narrative review
Authors: Beyera Getahun K , O’Brien Jane , Campbell Steven 
Published: October 2021

Background Theories are integral to a research project, providing the logic underlying what, how, and/or why a particular phenomenon happens. Alternatively, models are used to guide a research project by representing theories and visualising the structural framework of causal pathways by showing the different levels of analysis. With the rise in chronic and behaviour-related diseases, health behaviour theories and models have a particular importance in designing appropriate and research led behavioural intervention strategies. However, there is a dearth of papers that explain the role of behavioural theories and models in research projects. Aims The aim of this paper is to synthesise existing evidence on the relevance of health behaviour theories and models in research projects. Methods This paper reviews health behaviour theories and models commonly underpinning research projects in public health and clinical practices. The electronic databases, such as MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Scopus, as well as the search engines Google and Google Scholar were searched to identify health behaviour theories and models. Results Theories and models are essential in a research project. Theories provide the underlying reason for the occurrence of a phenomenon by explaining what the key drivers and outcomes of the target phenomenon are and why, and what underlying processes are responsible for causing that phenomenon. Models on the other hand provide guidance to a research project and assist in visualising the structural framework of causal pathways by showing the different levels of analysis. Health behaviour theories and models in particular offer valuable insights for designing effective and sustainable research projects for improved public health practice. Conclusions By employing appropriate health behaviour theory and/or model as a research framework, researchers will be able to identify relevant variables and translate these into clinical and public health practices.
Changes Over Time in COVID-19 Severity and Mortality in Patients Undergoing Cancer Treatment in the United States: Initial Report From the ASCO Registry
Authors: Mileham Kathryn F. , Bruinooge Suanna S. , Aggarwal Charu , Patrick Alicia L. , Davis Christiana , Mesenhowski Daniel J. , Spira Alexander , Clayton Eric J. , Waterhouse David , Moore Susan , Jazieh Abdul-Rahman , Chen Ronald C. , Kaltenbaugh Melinda , Williams Jen Hanley , Gralow Julie R. , Schilsky Richard L. , Garrett-Mayer Elizabeth 
Published: October 2021

PURPOSE:People with cancer are at increased risk for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. ASCO's COVID-19 registry promotes systematic data collection across US oncology practices.METHODS:Participating practices enter data on patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection in cancer treatment. In this analysis, we focus on all patients with hematologic or regional or metastatic solid tumor malignancies. Primary outcomes are 30- and 90-day mortality rates and change over time.RESULTS:Thirty-eight practices provided data for 453 patients from April to October 2020. Sixty-two percent had regional or metastatic solid tumors. Median age was 64 years. Forty-three percent were current or previous cigarette users. Patients with B-cell malignancies age 61-70 years had twice mortality risk (hazard ratio = 2.1 [95% CI, 1.3 to 3.3]) and those age > 70 years had 4.5 times mortality risk (95% CI, 1.8 to 11.1) compared with patients age ≤ 60 years. Association between survival and age was not significant in patients with metastatic solid tumors ( P = .12). Tobacco users had 30-day mortality estimate of 21% compared with 11% for never users (log-rank P = .005). Patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 before June 2020 had 30-day mortality rate of 20% (95% CI, 14% to 25%) compared with 13% (8% to 18%) for those diagnosed in or after June 2020 ( P = .08). The 90-day mortality rate for pre-June patients was 28% (21% to 34%) compared with 21% (13% to 28%; P = .20).CONCLUSION:Older patients with B-cell malignancies were at increased risk for death (unlike older patients with metastatic solid tumors), as were all patients with cancer who smoke tobacco. Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 later in 2020 was associated with more favorable 30- and 90-day mortality, likely related to more asymptomatic cases and improved clinical management.
Attitudes and habits regarding brain training applications and games among Japanese consumers: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Robb Nigel 
Published: October 2021

Background: While there is now a large amount of research investigating whether brain training applications and games are effective or not, there is less research on the expectations, attitudes, and habits of potential users of brain training programs. Previous research suggests that people generally have positive beliefs about the effectiveness of brain training which are not dependent on their level of experience of brain training. However, this research has primarily focused on western participants. Methods: In the present study, a questionnaire was used to investigate the attitudes and habits of Japanese consumers towards brain training. The final sample contained responses from 818 people. In addition to descriptive statistics, correlation coefficients were calculated to determine if there were relationships between variables relating to participants' beliefs about brain training and experience of using brain training. Results: Participants had positive beliefs about the effectiveness of brain training. However, these beliefs were negligibly or weakly correlated with their level of experience of using brain training, both in terms of the number programs used (Pearson's r = 0.163) and duration of use (Pearson's r = 0.237). The most widely used brain training program (used by 52.93% of participants) was made by Nintendo for the handheld Nintendo DS games console. Conclusions: The research presented here supports previous findings which suggest that people's beliefs about the effectiveness of brain training software are not strongly related to their experience of using such software.
Psychological impact of COVID-19 and contributing factors of students’ preventive behavior based on HBM in Gondar, Ethiopia
Authors: Tesema Ayenew Kassie , Shitu Kegnie , Adugna Asmamaw , Handebo Simegnew 
Published: October 2021

Background
The Ethiopian Federal government has locked down schools as one measure to contain Covid-19 pandemic. Psychological effect of COVID-19 on students is increased due to the reopening of schools. The psychological effect of the pandemic is increasing along with physical aspect of health. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the psychological impact of Covid-19 and its contributing factors of students’ behavior in Ethiopia.

Methods
A cross sectional design was conducted from November to December 2020. Data were collected using pre tested self- administered questionnaire from secondary school students in Gondar city North West Ethiopia. Stratified simple random sampling technique was used to select 403 secondary school students. Data were entered and cleaned with Epidata version 4.62 and exported for analysis STATA version 14. Multivariable logistic regression and multiple linear regression were used to show the association of dependent and independent variables. Independent variables in relation to dependent variable measured using odd ratios and B coefficient with 95% confidence interval for Covid-19 anxiety and preventive behavior of Covid-19 respectively were used.

Results
A total of 370 students were participated giving response rate of 92%. The prevalence of Covid-19 anxiety and obsession among secondary school students were 38.1% and 40.27% respectively. Being 11thgrade 54% (AOR = 0.46; 95%CI:0.22, 0.95) and increased knowledge16% (AOR = 0.84;95%CI: 0.77, 0.89) score associated with decreased COVID-19 anxiety while Covid-19 obsession, 14.51 times (AOR = 14.51;95%CI: 8.05, 26.17), and being female 1.6 times (AOR = 1.6; 95%CI: 1.01, 2.51) increased Covid-19 Anxiety. Furthermore, increased self-efficacy 0.5 times (B = 0.5; 95%CI: 0.28, 0.62), and increased cues to action 0.4 times (B = 0.4; 95% CI: 0.19, 0.69) increased preventive behavior of Covid-19 while perceived barrier 0.1 times (B = -0.1; 95%CI:-0.22, 0.01) decrease preventive behavior of Covid-19.

Conclusion
Almost two individuals of five participants developed COVID-19 anxiety and COVID-19 obsession. Being grade 11th and knowledge were negatively associated with anxiety while being female and being obsessed with COVID-19 were positively associated with anxiety. No variable was associated with obsession of Covid-19. Intervention is needed to reduce anxiety among females. Furthermore, perceived barrier, self-efficacy and cues to action were significant factors of preventive behaviour of Covid-19. Therefore, to increase preventive behaviour of Covid-19, information, education and communication and behavioural change communication should be targeted on reducing barriers and increasing motivations and confidences.
Drying of pineapple slices using combined low-pressure superheated steam and vacuum drying
Authors: Wang Jingcheng , Xu Qing , Liu Jianbo , Zheng Shuaishuai , Wang Ruifang , Li Zhanyong 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A method of combining low-pressure superheated steam drying (LPSSD) and vacuum drying (VD) was proposed to improve the dried pineapple quality and increase the drying rate. It was found that the inversion temperature in low-pressure superheated steam drying of pineapple was 85.75 °C in terms of the first falling rate period. The combining drying (LPSSD–VD) reduced the maximum material temperature by 9.5 °C and 0.35 °C, and shortened the drying time by 50 min and 90 min compared with LPSSD and VD at the same drying temperature of 90 °C. The vitamin C retention rate of dried pineapple by LPSSD–VD was 29.33% and 15.94% higher than that of LPSSD and VD, respectively. The color of dried pineapple was also improved. Moreover, the sugar content of dried pineapple can be well controlled to meet the health demand of low sugar and ensure the taste of dried pineapple during LPSSD–VD process.
Oblique penetration mechanism of hybrid composite laminates
Authors: Han Meng , Zhou Chuwei , Silberschmidt Vadim V. , Ma Xindong , Liu Mao , Jiang Wenan , Bi Qinsheng 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Hybrid fiber composites are widely used to improve the anti-penetration performance. Carbon/Kevlar hybrid composites are used in aircrafts and safety devices, thanks to the strong toughness of Kevlar fibers and high strength of carbon fibers. In the present work, the contact force of hybrid composites under oblique impact is derived. The viscoelastic constitutive model of Kevlar layer is investigated and the dissipation energies of composites for different high velocity oblique impacts are simulated. The results show that hybrid composites have good bullet-proof performance, the contact forces are fluctuant in short time and the frictional dissipation energy allows us to prevent penetration.
Lazius-kéziratok
Authors: Kasza Péter 
Published: October 2021

L’ouvrage historique monumental de Wolfgang Lazius (1514–1565), les Rerum Austriacarum Decades, négligé par la recherche autrichienne et hongroise, est resté en état de manuscrit. Pourtant, la Ve décade, la chronique de la décennie 1540–1556 de l’histoire hongroise, est un texte d’importance majeure. Il existe trois manuscrits de la décade en question, conservés à l’ÖNB de Vienne. Avant de mener à bien l’édition projeté, il convient de décider, par la voie d’analyses philologiques, laquelles des versions devra en servir de base.Dans la présente étude, nous nous sommes proposé de fournir une présentation interne et externe des trois manuscrits, de donner un rapide synthèse de l’histoire de la recherche à leur sujet, de déterminer avec précision le corpus et enfin de soutenir avec des arguments philologiques notre hypothèse sur l’ordre chronologique de la naissance des trois manuscrits.