bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Acids on Alkaloid Yield in Pressurized Water Extraction of Narcissus Pseudonarcissus
Authors: Rachmaniah Orchidea , Van Spronsen Jaap , Verpoorte Robert , Witkamp Geert Jan 
Published: December 2021

Pressurized water (PW) extraction of galanthamine from Narcissus pseudonarcissus bulbs was performed. The obtained yield was compared with the yield from conventional acidified water extraction and methanolic Soxhlet extraction. Both PW and conventional acidified water extraction were followed by a subsequent purification step for the alkaloids. The PW extraction (70 °C, 150 bar, 45 min) yielded as much galanthamine as methanolic-Soxhlet extraction (ca. 3.50 mg/g). Meanwhile, acid-base extraction with 1% of HBr (v/v) at 65 °C for 3 h gave a lower yield (ca. 2.65 mg/g). A higher PW temperature did not significantly increase the galanthamine yield. Pressure increase is not necessary since more water-soluble compounds such as proteins and polysaccharides are co-extracted, resulting in high viscosity of the water extract solution, which hampers the filtration process. Hence, the acidity of the solution is highly important both in the case of PW extraction and acidified water extraction. Besides galanthamine, the total alkaloid profile following Narcissus alkaloids was also obtained. Lycoramine, O-methyloduline, norgalanthamine, epi-norgalanthamine, narwedine, oduline, haemanthamine, O-methyllycorenine, and a haemanthamine derivate were identified. Although a high yield was obtained from PW extraction, the further purification needs to be improved to obtain an economically feasible industrial extraction process.
Interpunkcja w tłumaczeniu
Authors: Foremniak Katarzyna 
Published: December 2021

Przekład interpunkcji jako osobne i wymagające zadanie tłumacza jest kwestią niedocenianą zarówno przez nauczających warsztatu, jak i przez badaczy. Celem artykułu jest zwrócenie uwagi na istotę problemu, a także wskazanie i opisanie technik stosowanych w tłumaczeniu na język włoski polskich kontekstów wymagających użycia myślnika (wł. lineetta). Jako znak, którego zastosowania znacząco różnią się w obu badanych językach, myślnik pozwala dostrzec konteksty wymagające kontrastywnego zestawienia dwóch norm przestankowania. Materiał językowy poddany analizie obejmował zbiór reportaży Mariusza Szczygła Nie ma opublikowany w 2018 przez wydawnictwo Dowody na Istnienie oraz włoskie wydanie tomu w przekładzie Marzeny Borejczuk – Quello che non c’è (Nottetempo, 2021). Analiza ilościowa przykładów wyekscerpowanych z polsko-włoskiego korpusu wykazała znaczną przewagę użyć myślnika w języku polskim (znak pojawił się ponad dziesięciokrotnie częściej w polskiej części materiału). Analiza jakościowa pozwoliła wyodrębnić zastosowane w przekładzie techniki: rozwiązania polegające na odwołaniu się do innych znaków interpunkcyjnych (przecinka, dwukropka i wielokropka), modyfikacje na poziomie leksyki (uzupełnienie tekstu o informacje, których nośnikiem jest w polszczyźnie myślnik) i składni (wprowadzenie dodatkowych podziałów syntaktycznych, zmiana szyku zdania). Przeprowadzona analiza i płynące z niej wnioski mogą być podstawą do dalszych badań kontrastywnych nad interpunkcją, a także przyczynkiem do uzupełnienia dydaktyki języków obcych o zagadnienia związane z przestankowaniem.
Water–Solid Interface Engineering Stabilizes K‐Birnessite Cathode
Authors: Gao Ang , Xia Jiannian , Li Min , Lu Xia , Wang Feng , Yang Ru 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCrystal water mediated ion hydration and transport is a fundamental physicochemical process in a wide range of applications and natural processes, such as crystal water containing battery materials. In this context, K‐Birnessite with interlaminar H2O (K0.21MnO2⋅0.31H2O) is reported for nonaqueous potassium‐ion storage with enhanced capacity and rate performance. It is clarified that the water–solid interface plays an important role in building and stabilizing the K‐Birnessite layered structure and facilitating the K+ diffusion for the K‐ion battery system. In addition to the enlarged ionic channel dimensions and effective shielding of the electrostatic interaction with K+, the concerted diffusion of K+/H2O with the rotation of H2O molecules is further revealed to account for the quite low activation energies by first‐principles simulations. Moreover, the interlayer H2O exerts on the electronic structures, and thus on the electrochemical voltage to result in the competition between the split of crystal field (“∇JT”) and the electronic superexchange interaction (“Ow‐K‐O”) in the K‐Birnessite structure. The results provide new insights into hydrated ion kinetics and open an exciting direction for battery material design.
Tough Hydrogel Bioadhesives for Sutureless Wound Sealing, Hemostasis and Biointerfaces
Authors: Zhang Kuan , Chen Xingmei , Xue Yu , Lin Jingsen , Liang Xiangyu , Zhang Jiajun , Zhang Jun , Chen Guangda , Cai Chengcheng , Liu Ji 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHydrogel bioadhesion technology has offered unprecedented opportunities in minimally‐invasive surgeries, which are routinely performed to reduce postoperative complication, recovery time, and patient discomfort. Existing hydrogel‐based adhesives are challenged either by their inherent weak adhesion under wet and dynamic conditions, or potential immunological side‐effects, especially for synthetic hydrogel bioadhesives. Here, a kind of synthetic hydrogel bioadhesives from a variety of polymer precursors are reported, featuring instant formation of tough biointerface, allowing for wet and robust adhesion with highly dynamic biological tissues. Moreover, by getting rid of monomers during the hydrogel fabrication, these hydrogel adhesives do not cause any inflammatory response during the in vivo wound sealing, promising for immediate vascular defects repairing and surgical hemostasis. Additionally, they could also serve as human–electronics interfacing materials, enabling bioelectronics implantation for real‐time physiological and clinical monitoring.
Double‐Network Hydrogel Armored Decellularized Porcine Pericardium as Durable Bioprosthetic Heart Valves
Authors: Cheng Si , Liu Xianbao , Qian Yi , Maitusong Miribani , Yu Kaixiang , Cao Naifang , Fang Juan , Liu Feng , Chen Jinyong , Xu Dilin , Zhu Gangjie , Ren Tanchen , Wang Jian'an 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHeart valves have extraordinary fatigue resistance which beat ≈3 billion times in a lifetime. Bioprosthetic heart valves (BHVs) made from fixed heteroplasm that are incrementally used in heart valve replacement fail to sustain the expected durability due to thrombosis, poor endothelialization, inflammation, calcification, and especially mechanical damage induced biocompatibility change. No effective strategy has been reported to conserve the biological properties of BHV after long‐term fatigue test. Here, a double‐network tough hydrogel is introduced, which interpenetrate and anchor into the matrix of decellularized porcine pericardium (dCell‐PP) to form robust and stable conformal coatings and reduce immunogenicity. The ionic crosslinked hyaluronic acid (HA) network mimics the glycocalyx on endothelium which improves antithrombosis and accelerates endothelialization; the chemical crosslinked hydrophilic polyacrylamide (PAAm) network further enhances antifouling properties and strengthens the shielding hydrogels and their interaction with dCell‐PP. In vitro and rabbit ex vivo shunt assay demonstrate great hemocompatibility of polyacrylamide/HA hydrogel hybrid PP (P/H‐PP). Cell experiments and rat subcutaneous implantation confirm satisfactory endothelialization, biocompatibility, and anticalcification properties. For hydrodynamic experiment, P/H‐PP gains full mark at different flow conditions and sustains excellent biomechanical and biological properties after 200 000 000 cycles. P/H double‐network hydrogel armoring dCell‐PP is a promising progress to extend BHV durability for clinical implantation therapy.
Mapping Macrophage Polarization and Origin during the Progression of the Foreign Body Response to a Poly(ethylene glycol) Hydrogel Implant
Authors: Saleh Leila S. , Amer Luke D. , Thompson Brittany J. , Danhorn Thomas , Knapp Jennifer R. , Gibbings Sophie L. , Thomas Stacey , Barthel Lea , O'Connor Brian P. , Janssen William J. , Alper Scott , Bryant Stephanie J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPoly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels hold promise for in vivo applications but induce a foreign body response (FBR). While macrophages are key in the FBR, many questions remain. This study investigates temporal changes in the transcriptome of implant‐associated monocytes and macrophages. Proinflammatory pathways are upregulated in monocytes compared to control monocytes but subside by day 28. Macrophages are initially proinflammatory but shift to a profibrotic state by day 14, coinciding with fibrous capsule emergence. Next, this study assesses the origin of macrophages responsible for fibrous encapsulation using wildtype, C‐C Motif Chemokine Receptor 2 (CCR2)–/– mice that lack recruited macrophages, and Macrophage Fas‐Induced Apoptosis (MaFIA) mice that enable macrophage ablation. Subpopulations of recruited and tissue‐resident macrophages are identified. Fibrous encapsulation proceeds in CCR2–/– mice similar to wildtype mice. However, studies in MaFIA mice indicate that macrophages are necessary for fibrous capsule formation. These findings suggest that macrophage origin impacts the FBR progression and provides evidence that tissue‐resident macrophages and not the recruited macrophages may drive fibrosis in the FBR to PEG hydrogels. This study demonstrates that implant‐associated monocytes and macrophages have temporally distinct transcriptomes in the FBR and that profibrotic pathways associated with macrophages may be enriched in tissue‐resident macrophages.
Modulating Tumor Extracellular Matrix by Simultaneous Inhibition of Two Cancer Cell Receptors
Authors: Chen Weizhi , Yuan Yang , Li Cheng , Mao Hui , Liu Baorui , Jiang Xiqun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe extracellular matrix (ECM) is involved in fundamental cellular processes and pathological progression of many diseases. While most research and current knowledge focuses on the processes of biological and mechanical changes in ECM signaling residing cancer cells to respond, little is known of the converse–of how cancer cells initiate the changes of ECM properties. Here, it is reported that blocking the cancer cell signaling leads to disruption of tumor ECM. Using recombinant proteins (RPs) and recombinant protein‐drug conjugates (RPDCs) that simultaneously target both epidermal growth factor receptor and integrin, it is demonstrated that multireceptor‐mediated active modulation of tumor ECM can inhibit and even reverse tumor remodeling of the physiological and structural microenvironment. These results not only provide insights into the regulatory roles of cancer cells in developing a protumoral microenvironment, but also introduce a new therapeutic platform or strategy to treat cancers.
Detection of H2O2 with Hygroscopic Insulator Organic Thin Film Transistor
Authors: Arthur Joshua N. , Yambem Soniya D. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHygroscopic insulator field effect transistors (HIFETs) are a class of solid‐state, low‐voltage organic thin film transistors with promising sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). While work has progressed on the development and understanding of HIFET‐based sensors, important questions regarding the fundamental H2O2 sensing mechanisms need to be fully investigated. In this work, a detailed study of the effects of H2O2 on the transient drain currents and transfer characteristics of HIFETs, while varying analyte concentrations and device voltages, is presented. The sensing mechanism is found to be consistent with the direct oxidation of the organic semiconductor channel, poly(3‐hexylthiophene‐2,5‐diyl), by H2O2 diffused into the device through the permeable top gate electrode and hygroscopic insulator. Further, the importance of having a transistor structure in sensing H2O2, as compared to a two‐terminal device, is demonstrated. These results represent important progress in the understanding of HIFET‐based sensors, revealing paths for future applications and optimization.
Micro‐Light‐Emitting Diodes Based on InGaN Materials with Quantum Dots
Authors: Liu Zhaojun , Hyun Byung‐Ryool , Sheng Yujia , Lin Chun‐Jung , Changhu Mengyuan , Lin Yonghong , Ho Chih‐Hsiang , He Jr‐Hau , Kuo Hao‐Chung 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMicro‐light‐emitting diodes (Micro‐LEDs) based on gallium nitride (GaN) materials offer versatile platforms for various applications, including displays, data communication tools, photodetectors, and sensors. In particular, the introduction of Micro‐LEDs in the optoelectronic industry enables the development of novel short‐distance wireless communication applications for the Internet of Things as well as near‐to‐eye displays for virtual reality and augmented reality. Micro‐LEDs used in conjunction with colloidal quantum dots (QDs) as color‐conversion layers provide efficient full‐color displays as well as white LEDs for high‐speed visible light communications (VLCs). Here, the latest progress on full‐color Micro‐LED displays with a printed QD color conversion layer, GaN material‐based Micro‐LEDs for VLC systems, and the photostability of novel QD materials for Micro‐LEDs is comprehensively reviewed. Outlooks on the efficiency of Micro‐LEDs with sizes ≤10 µm, QD stability issues, and flexible Micro‐LED displays are also provided.
Bright Stretchable White Alternating‐Current Electroluminescent Devices Enabled by Photoluminescent Phosphor
Authors: Zhao Changbin , Yang Biao , Ali Muhammad Umair , Zhao Yiqian , Zhang Chaohong , Yin Yongming , Liu Ming , Yan Chaoyi , Meng Hong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAlternating current‐driven electroluminescent (ACEL) devices have recently emerged as a potential candidate for next‐generation smart lighting, stretchable displays, and wearable electronics. Herein, a simple and efficient method is developed to fabricate high brightness, chromatic‐stable, and stretchable white ACEL devices through doping wide‐spectrum yellow photoluminescent phosphor into blue electroluminescent emissive layer. By tuning the ratio of electroluminescent to photoluminescent phosphors in the emissive layer, the optimized device achieved a maximum brightness of 3150 cd m−2 for white emission with Commison Internationale de L'Eclairage coordinates of (0.28, 0.34), and manifested a more stable chromaticity than traditional ACEL devices. Moreover, a digital display and stretchable white ACEL device (with a tensile strain of 150%) are demonstrated to show the generality of this approach. The high brightness white ACEL devices proposed in this work offer a simplified architecture with facile fabrication process and large‐area compatibility, which may find broad range of applications in wearable optoelectronics.
Transparent and High‐Absolute‐Effectiveness Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Film Based on Single‐Crystal Graphene
Authors: Yang Huihui , Wang Lili , Wang Heyan , Zhang Yilei , Su Zhen , Su Ziyi , Zhang Jia , Lu Zhengang , Jia Dechang , Hu PingAn 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWith the rapid development of wireless electronic facilities, the demand for high‐performance electromagnetic shielding films has swiftly increased. Graphene is a desirable electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding material due to its excellent electrical conductivity and light transmittance. Previous studies mostly focus on polycrystalline graphene sheets and the performances are far below the theoretical value due to poor crystal quality. In this paper, the authors demonstrate a flexible ultrathin transparent EMI film based on large‐area single crystal graphene (SCG), which is grown on single crystalline Cu substrates by chemical vapor deposition. Their flexible transparent EMI films show ultrahigh electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (SE). This can be attributed to the high crystalline quality and outstanding electronic conductivity of the as‐used graphene film. The electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of the SCG/MgF/SCG sandwiched structure can reach over 8.10 dB, and the normalized electromagnetic SE is up to 5.5 × 107 dB cm2 g−1, much higher than the recorded materials. Moreover, their large area single‐crystal graphene EMI films exhibit a high and broad wavelength transmittance from visible to infrared range (e.g., infrared transmittance of 94% at 5000 nm). A flexible EMI lid of SCG has been investigated for effectively blocking WIFI signals and phone radiation.
Core–Shell Nanostructured Hybrid of Nickel Hydroxide Supported on Copper Hydroxide Nanorod Arrays Used as Advanced Supercapacitors with High Efficiency and Ultraperformance
Authors: Tian Miao , Zhong Yuxue , Fu Donglei , Liu Zhiqiang , Cui Liang , Liu Jingquan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe fascinating search for ultraefficient and high‐powered supercapacitors has stimulated continuous exploration of diverse energy storage materials like transition metal hydroxides with core–shell structure. Thus in this paper, a novel core–shell hybrid electrode material of nickel hydroxide (Ni(OH)2) supported on copper hydroxide nanorod arrays (Cu(OH)2 NAs), which is constructed on copper foam as the substrate by an in situ chemical oxidation reaction accompanied by chemical bath deposition, is reported. As a result, it is found that the pre‐fabricated Cu(OH)2@Ni(OH)2 electrode has a remarkable areal capacitance of 9.27 F cm−2 and good cycling performance (retains 92.38% after 6000 cycles) compared to its counterpart Cu(OH)2 nanorods (88.57%). Additionally, the Cu(OH)2@Ni(OH)2 material, as a positive electrode, can also be used to assemble a hybrid supercapacitor (HSC) while activated carbon is chosen as the negative electrode. As a result, the constructed HSC device with the desired working voltage of 0–1.5 V can light up the light‐emitting diode indicator, proving the potential practicability of the pre‐fabricated HSC device.
Predesigned Covalent Organic Frameworks as Effective Platforms for Pd(II) Coordination Enabling Cross‐Coupling Reactions under Sustainable Conditions
Authors: López‐Magano Alberto , Mas‐Ballesté Rubén , Alemán José 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe phenanthroline unit in an imine‐based covalent organic framework (Phen‐COF) offers a robust coordination site for Pd(OAc)2 centers. Coordination of palladium centers is demonstrated by a variety of techniques, including X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and total X‐ray fluorescence. The stable phenanthroline‐Pd(II) coordination avoids leaching of metal centers to the reaction medium, where deactivation processes through nanoparticle formation limits the catalytic activities observed for homogeneous systems. Thus, because of isolation and immobilization of catalytic sites in the Pd@Phen‐COF the performance of material, the catalytic outputs are dramatically increased with respect to the performance observed for analogous molecular catalysts. This concept is applied in this work to CC cross‐coupling reactions under mild and environmentally benign conditions. The activities found for Suzuki‐Miyaura and Mizoroki‐Heck reactions allow thousands of turnover numbers in the transformation of a wide scope of precursors with a high degree of recyclability. The results reported in this work contribute to the design of greener protocols for transformations that have a crucial role in the industrial synthesis of high‐added value fine chemicals.
Hybrid Improper Ferroelectricity in Highly Cleavable Single Crystals of Dion‐Jacobson‐Compound CsBiNb2O7
Authors: Fang Xiaochen , Hu Rongwei , Wang Yazhong , Huang Fei‐Ting , Cheong Sang‐Wook 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDion‐Jacobson compound CsBiNb2O7 exhibits supposedly hybrid improper ferroelectricity (HIF), resulting from two different structural distortions. The highly‐cleavable single crystal of CsBiNb2O7 has been successfully grown and found large ferroelectric polarization as large as 30 μC cm‐2 with the coercivity of 310 kV cm‐1 from polarization‐electric field measurements on the crystals. Using piezoelectric force microscopy, a systematic study is on the ferroelectric domain structure and dynamics of CsBiNb2O7, unveiling the rich nature of its domain/domain wall evolution upon poling. The record large switchable polarization in CsBiNb2O7 among HIF compounds brings HIF closer to the real Pb‐free ferroelectric applications and the high cleavability of CsBiNb2O7 crystals provides a unique opportunity to explore ultrathin ferroelectrics with in‐plane polarization.
Flexible Diodes with Low Breakdown Voltage for Steep Slope Transistors and One Diode‐One Resistor Applications
Authors: Aziz Jamal , Kim Honggyun , Rehman Shania , Khan Muhammad Farooq , Kadam Kalyani D. , Patil Harshada , Aftab Sikandar , Dastgeer Ghulam , Kim Deok‐kee 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTransparent and flexible diodes could be useful for future transparent electronics. Here such diodes are discussed with electrical breakdown (EBR) comprises of W/ZnO/ITO structure on the polyethylene terephthalate substrates. The three‐layered structure shows rectifying characteristics with low breakdown voltage originated from the Schottky barrier at the W/ZnO (0.8 eV) and the ZnO/ITO (0.1 eV) interfaces. Mechanical endurance is retained after different bending strengths and the rectification ratio is showed stability for 104 cycles without any significant degradation. Steep slope transistors are designed by implementing such diodes in series with the conventional field effect transistors. Such diode plus transistor stack enables field effect transistors with steep subthreshold swing of < 5.2 mV dec−1 and an internal current amplification due to negative differential resistance induces across the Schottky diodes during the EBR. Also, one diode‐one resistor structure is successfully demonstrated by connecting the flexible diodes and resistive memory in series for applications in high density integrated non‐volatile memory applications.
Effects of deep eutectic solvents on H2SO4‐catalyzed alkylation: Combining experiment and molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Ma Zhihong , Sha Jialei , Zheng Weizhong , Sun Weizhen , Zhao Ling 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTo enhance the catalytic performance of H2SO4‐catalyzed alkylation, various catalytic additives have drawn considerable attentions. Herein, the effects of deep eutectic solvent (DES) additives on catalytic performance and the interfacial properties of H2SO4 alkylation were systematically investigated using experimental methods and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Experimental results indicate that DESs with the optimal concentration about 1.0 wt% can efficiently improve C8 selectivity and research octane number of alkylate, especially at low temperature, but contribute less to the lifetime of H2SO4. MD results reveal that the phenyl molecules of DESs additives play a major role in enhancing interfacial properties of H2SO4 alkylation, including enlargement of interfacial thickness, promotion of isobutane relative solubility and diffusion to butene, which is probably the main reason for the better quality of alkylate. This work gives a good guideline for the design of novel DESs for H2SO4 alkylation.