bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybrid recommender system based on fuzzy neural algorithm
Authors: Dashti Seyed Ebrahim , Sarafraz Maryam 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe internet has provided much information to the users, and the huge amount of information has caused the overhead information problem so that recommender systems, as a solution by recommending related items, try to find the users favorite items. Most recommender systems recommend specific items based on user profile settings and past privileges. Various approaches, such as collaborative refinement and content‐based refinement, are used to build the recommender system. The proposed framework utilizes popular and unpopular user‐specific items and is built on the integration of the fuzzy neural network associative exploration approach (Anfis) with a collaborative refinement approach. This study proposes a hybrid recommender system that provides two‐dimensional space (user * Item) ancillary information to reflect users' preferences and items. Experimental results from experiments on the actual Movielens 1 m 6040 dataset and 3952 videos show that the mean error (MAE) of 2.79 compared to other low‐resolution methods also predicts a correct percentage of 21.75 to other windshields. Besides, experimental results show higher precision of the proposed system comparing to the former recommender systems.
Privacy‐preserving mechanism for mixed data clustering with local differential privacy
Authors: Yuan Liujie , Zhang Shaobo , Zhu Gengming , Alinani Karim 
Published: July 2021

SummaryIn big data mining, the K‐prototypes has become a popular clustering method for mixed data owing to its simplicity and efficiency. However, the data clustering process of the K‐prototypes method will cause the risk of user privacy leakage because user data usually contain sensitive information. To address this issue, general solutions introduce a trusted third‐party model for privacy protection in clustering analysis, but it is difficult to find a fully trusted entity in reality. In this article, we propose a local differential privacy K‐prototypes (LDPK) mechanism, which does not require any trusted third party to perform privacy preprocessing on user data. Our mechanism first uses local differential privacy to disturb user data, then completes the clustering through the interaction between server and user. Furthermore, we propose a privacy protection enhancement mechanism (ELDPK) by extending the LDPK mechanism, which disturbs the user's clustering information in each iteration to protect user privacy further. Theoretical analysis proves the privacy and feasibility of our proposed scheme, and the experimental results prove that our proposed scheme can guarantee the quality of the clustering results under the premise of satisfying the local differential privacy.
Identification of resistance loci toward Phytophthora sojae in South Korean soybean plant introductions 407974B and 424487B
Authors: Bolaños‐Carriel Carlos , Batnini Amine , McHale Leah K. , Dorrance Anne E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPhytophthora root and stem rot is a major constraint to soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production worldwide. Deployment of single dominant Resistance to Phytophthora sojae (Rps) genes are an effective management strategy for this disease. However, due to increasing diversity in P. sojae populations for pathotype, new effective Rps genes are needed. Two recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations, each derived from a cross with Williams (susceptible) and resistant accessions PI 407974B and PI 424487B, were evaluated for resistance with one or more P. sojae pathotypes: OH1 (vir 7), OH4 (vir 1a, 1c, 7), OH7 (vir 1a, 3a, 3c, 4, 5, 6, 7), OH25 (vir 1a, 1b, 1c, 1k, 7), and 1.S.1.1 (1a, 1b, 1k, 2, 3a, 3c, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8). Molecular maps were assembled with BARCSoySNP6K BeadChip, simple‐sequence repeat, and Kompetitive Allele Specific polymerase chain reaction markers. A total of three Rps loci were mapped, one near Rps1 on Chromosome 3 and two near Rps4/6 on chromosome 18. Quantitative trait loci and straight linkage maps confirmed the loci. Resistance to P. sojae pathotypes 1.S.1.1 and/or OH7 was mapped to Chromosome 3 in the PI 407974B RIL population. PI 407974B and PI 424487B RIL populations have Rps loci on chromosome 18 toward OH4 and OH25, respectively, which are near the Rps4/6 region. Although these PIs may have novel Rps genes/alleles and could assist in the deployment and pyramiding of resistance against P. sojae, care should be taken because these may condition defense reactions to some P. sojae pathotypes but not to all.
Circular Aqueous Fmoc/t‐Bu Solid‐Phase Peptide Synthesis
Authors: Pawlas Jan , Rasmussen Jon H. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCircular economy and aqueous synthesis are attractive concepts for sustainable chemistry. Here it is reported that the two can be combined in the universal method for peptide chemistry, fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl(Fmoc)/t‐Bu solid‐phase peptide synthesis (SPPS). It was demonstrated that Fmoc/t‐Bu SPPS could be performed under aqueous conditions using standard Fmoc amino acids (AAs) employing TentaGel S as resin and 4 : 1 mixture of water with inexpensive green solvent PolarClean. This resin/solvent combination played a crucial dual role by virtue of improving resin swelling and solubility of starting materials. In a model coupling, TCFH and 2,4,6‐collidine afforded a full conversion at only 1.3 equiv. AA, and these conditions were used in SPPS of Leu enkephaline amide affording the model peptide in 85 % yield and 86 % purity. A method to recycle the waste by filtration through a mixed ion exchange resin was developed, allowing reusing the waste without affecting quality of the peptide. The method herein obviates the use of unconventional or processed AAs in aqueous SPPS while using lower amounts of starting materials. By recycling/reusing SPPS waste the hazardous dipolar aprotic solvents used in SPPS were not only replaced with an aqueous medium, solvent use was also significantly reduced. This opens up a new direction in aqueous peptide chemistry in which efficient use of inexpensive starting materials and waste minimization is coupled with the universal Fmoc/t‐Bu SPPS.
Nahdlatul Ulama's “Funny Brigade”: Piety, Satire, and Indonesian Online Divides
Authors: Hoesterey James Bourk 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIndonesia's largest Muslim organization, Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), arrived relatively late on the Islamic social media scene. By the time Nahdlatul Ulama leadership recognized and commissioned the need for online advocacy, a generation of young media‐savvy preachers had already stoked the embers of sectarian divides and cast suspicion on those deemed secular or liberal. Even within Nahdlatul Ulama, a sprawling network of religious leaders and Islamic schools mostly in Central and East Java, the rise of social media revealed internal schisms about the meaning of Islam and the future politics of NU. By 2015, some Nahdlatul Ulama members began to speak in the name of an NU Straight Brigade (NU Garis Lurus) that proclaimed to return Nahdlatul Ulama to its original roots purportedly betrayed by current NU leadership. In response, a diverse group of NU youth – notorious for a love of humor – formed the NU Funny Brigade (NU Garis Lucu), a social media community that used satire and humor to temper the accusations of NU Garis Lurus and to mobilize social media as a uniting force within Nahdlatul Ulama and Indonesia more broadly. In this article, I examine the interplay between these two Nahdlatul Ulama communities, paying special attention to how social media reveals fragments and fault lines, while also providing online space to bridge doubts and divides.
Crk adaptor proteins are necessary for the development of the zebrafish retina
Authors: Stergas Helaina R. , Kalbag Zoë , St. Clair Riley M. , Talbot Jared C. , Ballif Bryan A. , Ebert Alicia M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe development of the central nervous system (CNS) requires critical cell signaling molecules to coordinate cell proliferation and migration in order to structure the adult tissue. Chicken tumor virus #10 Regulator of Kinase (CRK) and CRK‐like (CRKL) are adaptor proteins with pre‐metazoan ancestry and are known to be required for patterning laminated structures downstream of Reelin (RELN), such as the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and hippocampus. CRK and CRKL also play crucial roles in a variety of other growth factor and extracellular matrix signaling cascades. The neuronal retina is another highly laminated structure within the CNS that is dependent on migration for proper development, but the cell signaling mechanisms behind neuronal positioning in the retina are only partly understood.ResultsWe find that crk and crkl have largely overlapping expression within the developing zebrafish nervous system. We find that their disruption results in smaller eye size and loss of retinal lamination.ConclusionsOur data indicate that Crk adaptors are critical for proper development of the zebrafish neural retina in a crk/crkl dose‐dependent manner.
Comparing fine‐scale structural and hydrologic connectivity within unimproved and improved grassland
Authors: Ellis Nicola , Brazier Richard , Anderson Karen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGrasslands vary with diverse forms and functions ranging from monocultures of perennial rye grass to more biodiverse unimproved grasslands which cover around 5% of Europe. Despite the broad diversity of grassland types, within environmental and flood risk models grasslands are frequently represented by a singular set of hydrological and structural parameters which belies their diversity and complexity. This study aimed to determine empirically the extent to which improved versus unimproved grasslands exhibit different hydrological connectivity. Working in SW England at neighbouring field sites with comparable slopes and rainfall regimes, we used unpiloted aerial vehicles to survey a tussocky Molinia caerulea dominated unimproved grassland field (MCUG) field and a Lolium perenne dominated improved grassland (LPIG) field. Using digital photogrammetry workflows applied to the overlapping aerial images, we produced a digital surface model (DSM) at 0.03‐m resolution from which flow pathways were modelled using GIS and compared with 1‐m LiDAR and DSM produced by a global navigation satellite system (GNSS). MCUG had longer, tortuous pathways through the dense tussock network with a drainage density of 2.54 m m−2. This was significantly greater than drainage density in the LPIG (1.82 m m−2). As a result of this study, we rescaled the Manning's n value for MCUG according to photogrammetrically‐derived roughness values. We suggest it should lie between 0.075 and 0.09. Our data shows that MCUG can play an important role in reducing overland flow impacts when compared to LPIG through lower connectivity which can delay run‐off to rivers.
Dissimilarity of species interaction networks: how to partition rewiring and species turnover components
Authors: Fründ Jochen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDescribing variation of species interaction networks across space and time promises a better understanding of how species communities respond to global change. To understand this variation, it has been suggested to partition network dissimilarity into one component driven by species turnover, that is, changes in community composition, and another component reflecting rewiring, that is, flexibility of interactions among shared species. The latter makes a strong case for investing the enormous effort in empirically recording interactions, instead of simply building networks based on community data. Here, I present a flexible R function (available in the R package bipartite) to calculate network dissimilarity and its components, with binary and quantitative networks. With this new tool, I compare two published methods for partitioning network dissimilarity, using conceptual examples, published plant–pollinator networks, and a set of simulations. This comparison highlights that the method that has received most attention overestimates the importance of rewiring for total network dissimilarity. In contrast, an earlier‐proposed method is derived from additive partitioning of the sets of interactions and thus accurately represents the two dissimilarity components. Furthermore, I argue that the term rewiring is not well defined in network ecology and that there are reasons why both methods overestimate the importance of rewiring, in particular with quantitative networks. The availability of a unified function to calculate multiple aspects of network dissimilarity will foster its critical application to characterize network dynamics and to identify underlying drivers. Studies on network dissimilarity and rewiring will have to be more careful in the choice of method and its interpretation.
Brain‐responsive corticothalamic stimulation in the pulvinar nucleus for the treatment of regional neocortical epilepsy: A case series
Authors: Burdette David , Mirro Emily A. , Lawrence Michael , Patra Sanjay E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDrug‐resistant focal epilepsy with regional neocortical seizure onsets originating from the posterior quadrant can be particularly difficult to treat with resective surgery due to the overlap with eloquent cortex. Published reports indicate that corticothalamic treatment targeting the anterior or centromedian nucleus of the thalamus with direct brain‐responsive stimulation may be an effective approach to treat regional neocortical epilepsy. The pulvinar has remained largely unstudied as a neurostimulation target to treat refractory epilepsy. Because the pulvinar has connections with the posterior quadrant, neurostimulation may be effective if applied to seizures originating in this area. We performed a retrospective chart review of patients with regional neocortical seizure onsets in the posterior quadrant treated with the RNS System. Demographics, epilepsy history, clinical seizure frequencies, and neuropsychological testing results were obtained from the chart. Electrocorticogram (ECoG) records stored by the RNS System were reviewed to evaluate electrographic seizure onset patterns. Our patients were followed for 10, 12.5, and 15 months. All patients were responders (≥50% seizure reduction), and two of the three patients experienced a ≥90% reduction in seizures at the last follow‐up. Pre‐ and postsurgical neuropsychological evaluations were compared for two of the patients, and there was no evidence of cognitive decline found in either patient. Interestingly, mild cognitive improvements were reported. The third patient had only postimplant neuropsychological testing data available. Findings for this patient suggested executive dysfunction that was present prior to the RNS System which did not worsen with surgery. A visual inspection of ECoGs revealed near‐simultaneous seizure onsets in neocortical and pulvinar leads in two patients. Seizure onsets in the third patient were more variable. This is the first published report of brain‐responsive neurostimulation targeting the pulvinar to treat refractory regional onset epilepsy of posterior quadrant origin.
Reassessment of the Hispanic Disparity: Hepatic Steatosis Is More Prevalent in Mexican Americans Than Other Hispanics
Authors: Shaheen Magda , Pan Deyu , Schrode Katrina M. , Kermah Dulcie , Puri Vishwajeet , Zarrinpar Ali , Elisha David , Najjar Sonia M. , Friedman Theodore C. 
Published: July 2021

Hepatic steatosis (HS) is a growing problem in adults worldwide, with racial/ethnic disparity in the prevalence of the disease. The purpose of this study was to characterize the racial/ethnic prevalence of the stages (normal/mild [S0/S1], moderate [S2], and severe [S3]) of HS in Mexican Americans and other Hispanics compared to other racial/ethnic groups. We analyzed data for 5,492 individuals 12 years and older from the newly released National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017‐2018, which is a representative sample of the US adult population. HS was diagnosed by FibroScan using controlled attenuation parameter values: S0, <238; S1, 238‐259; S2, 260‐290; S3, >290. We analyzed the data using the bivariate chi‐squared test and multinomial regression. The prevalence of HS overall was 46.9% (S2,16.6%; S3, 30.3%). The prevalence of S3 was highest among Mexican Americans (42.8%), lowest among Blacks (21.6%), 27.6% in other Hispanics, and 30.6% in Whites (P < 0.05). Mexican Americans were about 2 times more likely than Whites to have S2 and S3, while other Hispanics showed no difference from Whites. In an adjusted model, the common risk factors of S2 and S3 were male sex, older ages, high waist‐to‐hip ratio, body mass index ≥25, and high triglycerides (P < 0.05). Other risk factors for S3 were hemoglobin A1c ≥5.7 and highly sensitive C‐reactive protein ≥10 mg/dL (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Our study challenges the paradigm that HS is higher in Hispanics overall; rather, our data show that HS is higher in Mexican Americans and not non‐Mexican American Hispanics.
Flow directions of stream‐groundwater exchange in a headwater catchment during the hydrologic year
Authors: Bonanno Enrico , Blöschl Günter , Klaus Julian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUnderstanding near‐stream groundwater dynamics and flow directions is important for predicting hillslope‐stream connectivity, streamflow generation, and hydrologic controls of streamwater quality. To determine the drivers of groundwater flow in the stream corridor (i.e., the stream channel and the adjacent groundwater in footslopes and riparian areas), we observed the water levels of 36 wells and 7 piezometers along a headwater stream section over a period of 18 months. Groundwater dynamics during events were controlled by the initial position of the groundwater table relative to the subsurface structure. The near‐stream groundwater table displayed a fast and pronounced response to precipitation events when lying in fractured bedrock with low storage capacity, and responded less frequently and in a less pronounced way when lying in upper layers with high storage capacity. Precipitation depth, intensity, regolith thickness above the fractured bedrock, and proximity to and elevation above the stream channel also had an effect on the groundwater dynamics, which varied with hydrologic conditions. Our high‐frequency and spatially dense measurements highlight the competing influence of groundwater inflow from upslope locations, streamwater level and bedrock properties on the spatiotemporal dynamics of flowpaths in the stream corridor. Near‐stream groundwater pointed uniformly towards the stream channel when the stream corridor was hydrologically connected to upslope groundwater. However, local interruptions of the water inflow from upslope locations caused flow reversals towards the footslopes. The direction of near‐stream groundwater followed the local fractured bedrock topography during dry hydrologic conditions on a few occasions after events. The outcomes of this research contribute to a better understanding of the drivers controlling spatiotemporal changes in near‐stream groundwater dynamics and flow directions in multiple wetness states of the stream corridor.
Spontaneous versus morcellator‐related benign metastasizing leiomyoma—A retrospective study
Authors: Perri Tamar , Komem Daphna Amitai , Apter Sara , Inbar Yael , Dick‐Necula Daniela , Levin Gabriel , Korach Jacob 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo compare characteristics, disease course, and prognosis of spontaneous versus iatrogenic benign metastasizing leiomyoma (BML).MethodsA retrospective cohort study comparing iatrogenic and spontaneous BML.ResultsTwenty cases were included, 12 (60%) spontaneous and 8 (40.0%) iatrogenic with a median follow up of 3.4 years. The rate of asymptomatic presentation did not differ between study groups (P = 0.157). When symptoms occurred, dyspnea was more common in the spontaneous group (66.6% vs 0%, P = 0.023) and self‐palpation was more common in the iatrogenic group (57.1% vs 0%, P = 0.023). Intravascular masses were more common in the spontaneous group (66.6% vs 0%, P = 0.029). Rate of BML located in abdominal/pelvic cavity was higher in the iatrogenic group (100.0% vs 41.6%, P = 0.014). Of the 12 women in the spontaneous group, 50% had recurrent disease following surgical resection or unresectable lesions surgical resection was successfully attempted in seven of the eight (87.5%) women in the iatrogenic group, with no residual/recurrent disease. None of the patients died of her disease.ConclusionSpontaneous and iatrogenic BML can probably be regarded as two separate etiologies of the same pathologic phenomenon, usually with favorable prognosis. However, spontaneous BML may have a less favorable course.
Interference of quorum sensing regulated bacterial virulence factors and biofilms by Plumbago zeylanica extract
Authors: Qais Faizan Abul , Ahmad Iqbal , Husain Fohad Mabood , Alomar Suliman Y. , Ahmad Naushad , Albalawi Fadwa , Alam Pravej , Albalawi Thamer 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThere has been tremendous spread of antimicrobial resistance globally, mainly due to the excessive and unnecessary use of antibiotics, making the situation alarming. This has created a need for the development of alternative strategies to selectively target the bacterial pathogenicity without exerting selection pressure for the development of antimicrobial resistance. Targeting quorum sensing (QS)‐mediated virulence and biofilms by nontoxic natural products is gaining importance as new control strategy to combat the virulence and biofilms of pathogenic bacteria. In this study, the crude extract of Plumbago zeylanica was fractioned in different solvents using liquid–liquid partitioning to obtain the most bioactive fraction. The inhibitory effect of the bioactive extract of P. zeylanica on QS at sub‐minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) was studied against Chromobacterium violaceum 12472, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, and Serratia marcescens MTCC 97. Biofilm inhibition was studied using microtiter plate assay, scanning electron microscopy, and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Major phytocompounds detected were cinnamaldehyde dimethyl acetal, plumbagin, asarone, 4‐chromanol, phthalic acid, palmitic acid, ergost‐5‐en‐3‐ol, stigmasterol, and β‐sitosterol. The violacein production in C. violaceum 12472 was reduced by >80% in the presence of P. zeylanica hexane fraction (PZHF; 200 μg/ml). The most active PZHF inhibited QS‐mediated virulence factors of P. aeruginosa PAO1 such as pyocyanin, pyoverdin, rhamnolipid production, motility, etc., significantly at sub‐MICs. Similarly, PZHF showed 59 to 76% inhibition of biofilm formation of above test pathogens. The findings revealed that active fraction of P. zeylanica was effective against the QS‐regulated functions and biofilms development of Gram ‐ve pathogenic bacteria.
Get ready for the CRISPR/Cas system: A beginner's guide to the engineering and design of guide RNAs
Authors: Ma Shufeng , Lv Jie , Feng Zinan , Rong Zhili , Lin Ying 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) system is a state‐of‐the‐art tool for versatile genome editing that has advanced basic research dramatically, with great potential for clinic applications. The system consists of two key molecules: a CRISPR‐associated (Cas) effector nuclease and a single guide RNA. The simplicity of the system has enabled the development of a wide spectrum of derivative methods. Almost any laboratory can utilize these methods, although new users may initially be confused when faced with the potentially overwhelming abundance of choices. Cas nucleases and their engineering have been systematically reviewed previously. In the present review, we discuss single guide RNA engineering and design strategies that facilitate more efficient, more specific and safer gene editing.