bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Rest-frame Ultraviolet and Optical Emission-line Diagnostics in the Lensed Galaxy SDSS J1723+3411 at Redshift z = 1.3293
Authors: Rigby J. R. , Florian Michael , Acharyya A. , Bayliss Matthew , Gladders Michael D. , Sharon Keren , Brammer Gabriel , Momcheva Ivelina , LaMassa Stephanie , Bian Fuyan , Dahle Håkon , Johnson Traci , Kewley Lisa , Murray Katherine , Whitaker Katherine , Wuyts Eva 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
For the extremely bright lensed galaxy SDSS J1723+3411 at z = 1.3293, we analyze spatially integrated MMT, Keck, and Hubble Space Telescope spectra that fully cover the rest-frame wavelength range of 1400–7200 Å. We also analyze near-IR spectra from Gemini that cover Hα for a portion of the lensed arc. We report fluxes for 42 detected emission lines, and upper limits for an additional 22. This galaxy has extreme emission-line ratios and high equivalent widths that are characteristic of extreme emission-line galaxies. We compute strong emission-line diagnostics from both the rest-frame optical and rest-frame ultraviolet (UV), to constrain physical conditions and test the spectral diagnostics themselves. We tightly determine the nebular physical conditions using the most reliable diagnostics, and then compare to results from other diagnostics. We find disappointing performance from the UV-only diagnostics: they either are unable to measure the metallicity or dramatically underestimate it; they overestimate the pressure; and the UV diagnostic of ionization parameter has a strong metallicity dependence in this regime. Based on these results, we suggest that upcoming James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) spectroscopic surveys of galaxies in the reionization epoch should invest the additional integration time to capture the optical [O ii] and [O iii] emission lines, and not rely solely on the rest-frame UV emission lines. We make available the spectra; they represent one of the highest-quality emission-line spectral atlases of star-forming galaxies available beyond the local universe, and will aid the planning of observations with JWST.
The Fate of the Merger Remnant in GW170817 and Its Imprint on the Jet Structure
Authors: Murguia-Berthier Ariadna , Ramirez-Ruiz Enrico , Colle Fabio De , Janiuk Agnieszka , Rosswog Stephan , Lee William H. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The first neutron star binary merger detected in gravitational waves, GW170817, and the subsequent detection of its emission across the electromagnetic spectrum showed that these systems are viable progenitors of short γ-ray bursts (sGRB). The afterglow signal of GW170817 has been found to be consistent with a structured GRB jet seen off-axis, requiring significant amounts of relativistic material at large angles. This trait can be attributed to the interaction of the relativistic jet with the external wind medium. Here we perform numerical simulations of relativistic jets interacting with realistic wind environments in order to explore how the properties of the wind and central engine affect the structure of successful jets. We find that the angular energy distribution of the jet depends primarily on the ratio between the lifetime of the jet and the time it takes the merger remnant to collapse. We make use of these simulations to constrain the time it took for the merger remnant in GW170817 to collapse into a black hole based on the angular structure of the jet as inferred from afterglow observations. We conclude that the lifetime of the merger remnant in GW170817 was ≈1–1.7 s, which, after collapse, triggered the formation of the jet.
Kinetic Model of Large-amplitude Oscillations in Neutron Star Pair Cascades
Authors: Cruz Fábio , Grismayer Thomas , Silva Luis O. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Electron–positron pair cascades developed in the extreme electromagnetic fields of neutron star polar caps are considered a key source of magnetospheric plasma in these objects. We use a simplified model that maps the quantum electrodynamics processes governing pair cascades to analytically and numerically model these cascades, and show that large-amplitude oscillations of the electric field are inductively driven by the resulting plasma. A plasma instability arises in these oscillations, and particles accelerated in growing electric field perturbations can drive secondary pair bursts that damp the large-amplitude oscillations. An analytical model is proposed to describe this interplay between the pair production and kinetic collective plasma processes. All analytical results are shown to be in excellent agreement with particle-in-cell simulations.
Identifying and Repairing Catastrophic Errors in Galaxy Properties Using Dimensionality Reduction
Authors: Hovis-Afflerbach Beryl , Steinhardt Charles L. , Masters Daniel , Salvato Mara 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Our understanding of galaxy evolution is derived from large surveys designed to maximize efficiency by only observing the minimum amount needed to infer properties for a typical galaxy. However, for a few percent of galaxies in every survey, these observations are insufficient and derived properties can be catastrophically wrong. Further, it is currently difficult or impossible to determine which objects have failed, so that these contaminate every study of galaxy properties. We develop a novel method to identify these objects by combining the astronomical codes that infer galaxy properties with the dimensionality reduction algorithm t-SNE, which groups similar objects to determine which inferred properties are out of place. This method provides an improvement for the COSMOS catalog, which already uses existing techniques for catastrophic error removal, and therefore should improve the quality of large catalogs and any studies that are sensitive to large redshift errors.
The Young Supernova Experiment: Survey Goals, Overview, and Operations
Authors: Jones D. O. , Foley R. J. , Narayan G. , Hjorth J. , Huber M. E. , Aleo P. D. , Alexander K. D. , Angus C. R. , Auchettl K. , Baldassare V. F. , Bruun S. H. , Chambers K. C. , Chatterjee D. , Coppejans D. L. , Coulter D. A. , DeMarchi L. , Dimitriadis G. , Drout M. R. , Engel A. , French K. D. , Gagliano A. , Gall C. , Hung T. , Izzo L. , Jacobson-Galán W. V. , Kilpatrick C. D. , Korhonen H. , Margutti R. , Raimundo S. I. , Ramirez-Ruiz E. , Rest A. , Rojas-Bravo C. , Siebert M. R. , Smartt S. J. , Smith K. W. , Terreran G. , Wang Q. , Wojtak R. , Agnello A. , Ansari Z. , Arendse N. , Baldeschi A. , Blanchard P. K. , Brethauer D. , Bright J. S. , Brown J. S. , Boer T. J. L. de , Dodd S. A. , Fairlamb J. R. , Grillo C. , Hajela A. , Cold C. , Kolborg A. N. , Law-Smith J. A. P. , Lin C.-C. , Magnier E. A. , Malanchev K. , Matthews D. , Mockler B. , Muthukrishna D. , Pan Y.-C. , Pfister H. , Ramanah D. K. , Rest S. , Sarangi A. , Schrøder S. L. , Stauffer C. , Stroh M. C. , Taggart K. L. , Tinyanont S. , Wainscoat R. J. ,   (Young Supernova Experiment)
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Time-domain science has undergone a revolution over the past decade, with tens of thousands of new supernovae (SNe) discovered each year. However, several observational domains, including SNe within days or hours of explosion and faint, red transients, are just beginning to be explored. Here we present the Young Supernova Experiment (YSE), a novel optical time-domain survey on the Pan-STARRS telescopes. Our survey is designed to obtain well-sampled griz light curves for thousands of transient events up to z ≈ 0.2. This large sample of transients with four-band light curves will lay the foundation for the Vera C. Rubin Observatory and the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope, providing a critical training set in similar filters and a well-calibrated low-redshift anchor of cosmologically useful SNe Ia to benefit dark energy science. As the name suggests, YSE complements and extends other ongoing time-domain surveys by discovering fast-rising SNe within a few hours to days of explosion. YSE is the only current four-band time-domain survey and is able to discover transients as faint as ∼21.5 mag in gri and ∼20.5 mag in z, depths that allow us to probe the earliest epochs of stellar explosions. YSE is currently observing approximately 750 deg2 of sky every 3 days, and we plan to increase the area to 1500 deg2 in the near future. When operating at full capacity, survey simulations show that YSE will find ∼5000 new SNe per year and at least two SNe within 3 days of explosion per month. To date, YSE has discovered or observed 8.3% of the transient candidates reported to the International Astronomical Union in 2020. We present an overview of YSE, including science goals, survey characteristics, and a summary of our transient discoveries to date.
On the Synthesis of the Astronomically Elusive 1-Ethynyl-3-Silacyclopropenylidene (c-SiC4H2) Molecule in Circumstellar Envelopes of Carbon-rich Asymptotic Giant Branch Stars and Its Potential Role in the Formation of the Silicon Tetracarbide Chain (SiC4)
Authors: Yang Zhenghai , Doddipatla Srinivas , Kaiser Ralf I. , Nikolayev Anatoliy A. , Azyazov Valeriy N. , Mebel Alexander M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Organosilicon molecules such as silicon carbide (SiC), silicon dicarbide (c-SiC2), silicon tricarbide (c-SiC3), and silicon tetracarbide (SiC4) represent basic molecular building blocks connected to the growth of silicon-carbide dust grains in the outflow of circumstellar envelopes of carbon-rich asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars. Yet, the fundamental mechanisms of the formation of silicon carbides and of the early processes that initiate the coupling of silicon–carbon bonds in circumstellar envelopes have remained obscure. Here, we reveal in a crossed molecular beam experiment contemplated with ab initio electronic calculations that the astronomically elusive 1-ethynyl-3-silacyclopropenylidene molecule (c-SiC4H2, Cs, X1A′) can be synthesized via a single-collision event through the barrierless reaction of the silylidyne radical (SiH) with diacetylene (C4H2). This system represents a benchmark of a previously overlooked class of reactions, in which the silicon–carbon bond coupling can be initiated by a barrierless and overall exoergic reaction between the simplest silicon-bearing radical (silylidyne) and a highly hydrogen-deficient hydrocarbon (diacetylene) in the inner circumstellar envelopes of evolved carbon-rich stars such as IRC+10216. Considering that organosilicon molecules like 1-ethynyl-3-silacyclopropenylidene might be ultimately photolyzed to bare carbon–silicon clusters like the linear silicon tetracarbide (SiC4), hydrogenated silicon–carbon clusters might represent the missing link eventually connecting simple molecular precursors such as silane (SiH4) to the population of silicon-carbide based interstellar grains ejected from carbon-rich AGB stars into the interstellar medium.
Consistent Dynamical and Stellar Masses with Potential Light IMF in Massive Quiescent Galaxies at 3 < z < 4 Using Velocity Dispersions Measurements with MOSFIRE
Authors: Esdaile James , Glazebrook Karl , Labbé Ivo , Taylor Edward , Schreiber Corentin , Nanayakkara Themiya , Kacprzak Glenn G. , Oesch Pascal A. , Tran Kim-Vy H. , Papovich Casey , Spitler Lee , Straatman Caroline M. S. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We present the velocity dispersion measurements of four massive ∼1011
M
⊙ quiescent galaxies at 3.2 < z < 3.7 based on deep H and K-band spectra using the Keck/MOSFIRE near-infrared spectrograph. We find high velocity dispersions of order σ

e
∼250 km s−1 based on strong Balmer absorption lines, and we combine these with size measurements based on HST/WFC3 F160W imaging to infer dynamical masses. The velocity dispersions are broadly consistent with the high stellar masses and small sizes. Together with evidence for quiescent stellar populations, the spectra confirm the existence of a population of massive galaxies that formed rapidly and quenched in the early universe z > 4. Investigating the evolution at constant velocity dispersion between z ∼3.5 and z ∼2, we find a large increase in effective radius 0.35 ± 0.12 dex and in dynamical-to-stellar mass ratio

of 0.33 ± 0.08 dex, with low expected contribution from dark matter. The dynamical masses for our z ∼3.5 sample are consistent with the stellar masses for a Chabrier initial mass function (IMF), with the ratio

dex suggesting an IMF lighter than Salpeter may be common for massive quiescent galaxies at z > 3. This is surprising in light of the Salpeter or heavier IMFs found for high velocity dispersion galaxies at z ∼2 and cores of present-day ellipticals, which these galaxies are thought to evolve into. Future imaging and spectroscopic observations with resolved kinematics using the upcoming James Webb Space Telescope could rule out potential systematics from rotation and confirm these results.
Mobile Visualisation for On-Site Collaboration
Authors: Koseoglu Ozan , Bouchlaghem Dino 
Published: February 2021

There are various parties involved in construction projects. This multi-disciplinary environment makes it difficult to work collaboratively especially during design problem resolution and decision making on site. Better collaboration between design teams and construction sites may enable the construction industry to deliver projects on time and within budget. The latest mobile and visualisation technologies can support mobile visualisation applications and collaboration between distributed construction site and design teams. These applications and collaboration may improve the distribution and clarification of drawings, management of design changes, resolution of buildability problems, and the monitoring of construction progress, all in real time.
The paper provides an overview of design information communication and collaboration between the construction site and design teams. It then highlights the key results of a questionnaire survey on the needs & requirements from the construction industry and presents the implementation of mobile visualisation in construction. Further, the paper describes the results of the validation of scenarios illustrating the planning and implementation of mobile communication and visualisation technologies to support design teams and the construction site.
ERAPs Reduce In Vitro HIV Infection by Activating Innate Immune Response
Authors: Saulle Irma , Marventano Ivana , Saresella Marina , Vanetti Claudia , Garziano Micaela , Fenizia Claudio , Trabattoni Daria , Clerici Mario , Biasin Mara 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Recombinant human (rh) ERAP2-treated PBMCs are less susceptible to in vitro HIV-1 infection even when CD8+ T cells are depleted. We therefore investigated whether ERAP2 can trigger other immunocompetent cells, boosting their antiviral potential. To this end, human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) differentiated from PBMCs of 15 healthy donors were in vitro HIV-1 infected in the presence/absence of 100 ng/ml of rhERAP2, rhERAP1, or rhERAP1+rhERAP2. Notably, rhERAP2 treatment resulted in a 7-fold reduction of HIV-1 replication in MDMs (p &lt; 0.05). This antiviral activity was associated with an increased mRNA expression of CD80, IL-1β, IL-18, and TNF-α (p &lt; 0.01 for cytokine) in in vitro ERAP2-treated HIV-1–infected MDMs and a greater release of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 (p &lt; 0.01 for each cytokine). The rhERAPs addition also induced the functional inflammasome activation by ASC speck formation in monocytes (p &lt; 0.01) and in THP1-derived macrophages (p &lt; 0.01) as well as a rise in the percentage of activated classical (CD14+CD16−HLA-DRII+CCR7+) and intermediate (CD14++CD16+HLA-DRII+CCR7+) monocytes (p &lt; 0.02). Finally, THP-1–derived macrophages showed an increased phagocytosis following all ERAPs treatments. The discovery that ERAPs are able to trigger several antiviral mechanisms in monocyte/macrophages suggests that their anti-HIV potential is not limited to their canonical role in Ag presentation and CD8+ T cell activation. These findings pose the premise to further investigate the role of ERAPs in both innate and adaptive immunostimulatory pathways and suggest their potential use in novel preventive and therapeutic approaches against HIV-1 infection.
Perceptions of Factors Leading to Teenage Pregnancy in Lindi Region, Tanzania: A Grounded Theory Study
Authors: te Lindert Luka , van der Deijl Maarten , Elirehema Agripa , van Elteren-Jansen Marianne , Chitanda Raynald , van den Akker Thomas 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTHigh prevalence of teenage pregnancy in low-income countries impacts health, social, economic, and educational situations of teenage girls. To acquire better understanding of factors leading to high prevalence of teenage pregnancy in rural Lindi region, Tanzania, we explored perspectives of girls and key informants by conducting a facility-based explorative qualitative study according to the grounded theory approach. Participants were recruited from Mnero Diocesan Hospital using snowball sampling, between June and September 2018. Eleven pregnant teenagers, two girls without a teenage pregnancy, and eight other key informants were included. In-depth interviews (including photovoice) and field observations were conducted. Analysis of participant perspectives revealed five main themes: 1) lack of individual agency (peer pressure, limited decision-making power, and sexual coercion); 2) desire to earn money and get out of poverty; 3) dropping out of school contributing to becoming pregnant; 4) absence of financial, material, psychological, or emotional support from the environment; and 5) limited access to contraception. A majority of girls reported the pregnancy to be unplanned, whereas some girls purposely planned it. Our findings and the resulting conceptual framework contribute to a new social theory and may inform national and international policies to consider the needs and perspectives of teenagers in delaying pregnancy and promoting sexual and reproductive health in Tanzania and beyond.
From 18S to 28S rRNA Gene: An Improved Targeted Sarcocystidae PCR Amplification, Species Identification with Long DNA Sequences
Authors: Lee Florence C. H. , Muthu Vickneshwaran 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTSarcocystosis outbreaks in Tioman and Pangkor islands of Malaysia between 2011 and 2014 have raised the need to improve Sarcocystis species detection from environmental samples. In-house works found that published primers amplifying the 18S rRNA gene of Sarcocystis either could not produce the target from environmental samples or produced Sarcocystis DNA sequence that was insufficient for species identification. Using the primer pair of 18S S5 F (published) and 28S R6 R (new), this study improved the PCR amplification of Sarcocystidae to overcome these two difficulties. The PCR product spanned from the 18S to 28S rRNA genes, providing more information for species identification. The long DNA sequence allowed comparison between the “Ident” and “Query Cover” sorting in GenBank identity matching. This revealed the ambiguity in identity matching caused by different lengths of reference DNA sequences, which is seldom discussed in the literature. Using the disparity index test, a measurement of homogeneity in nucleotide substitution pattern, it is shown that the internal transcribed spacer (ITS)1-5.8S-ITS2 and 28S genes are better than the 18S gene in indicating nucleotide variations, implying better potentials for species identification. The example given by the handful of Sarcocystidae long DNA sequences reported herein calls for the need to report DNA sequence from the 18S to the 28S rRNA genes for species identification, especially among emerging pathogens. DNA sequence reporting should include the hypervariable 5.8S and ITS2 regions where applicable, and not be limited to single gene, per the current general trend.
Evaluating the Quality of Tuberculosis Contact Investigation in Cali, Colombia: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Diaz Gustavo , Victoria Angela María , Meyer Amanda J. , Niño Yessenia , Luna Lucy , Ferro Beatriz E. , Davis John Lucian 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTTuberculosis (TB) contact investigation facilitates earlier TB diagnosis and initiation of preventive therapy, but little data exist about the quality of its implementation. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to evaluate processes of TB contact investigation for index TB patients diagnosed in Cali, Colombia, in 2017, including dropout at each stage and overall yield. We constructed multivariable models to identify predictors of completing 1) the baseline household visit and 2) a follow-up clinic visit for TB evaluation among referred contacts. Sixty-eight percent (759/1,120) of registered TB patients were eligible for contact investigation; 77% (582/759) received a household visit. Odds of completing a household visit were significantly lower among men (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.6; 95% CI: 0.4–0.9; P = 0.009) and patients living in Cali’s western zone (aOR: 0.5; 95% CI: 0.3–0.8; P = 0.008). Among 1880 screened contacts, 31% (n = 582) met the criteria for clinic referral, 47% (n = 271) completed a clinic visit, and 85% (231/271) completed testing. After adjusting for clustering by index patient, odds of completing referral were higher among contacts with cough (aOR: 22; 95% CI: 7.1–66; P < 0.001) and contacts living in the western zone (aOR: 4.1; 95% CI: 1.2–15; P = 0.03). The cumulative probability of a symptomatic contact from an eligible household completing TB evaluation was only 28%. The yield of active TB patients among contacts was only 0.3% (5/1880). Only 16% (17/103) of children aged < 5 years and none of the eight persons living with HIV, reported preventive therapy initiation. Routine monitoring of process indicators may facilitate quality improvement to close gaps in contact tracing and increase yield.
Diagnostic Pathways and Delays in Initiation of Treatment among Newly Diagnosed Tuberculosis Patients in Ballabgarh, India
Authors: Chandra Ankit , Kumar Rakesh , Kant Shashi , Krishnan Anand 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTA delay in diagnosis and initiation of treatment in patients with tuberculosis (TB) can affect the period of communicability and cost of treatment. We aimed to describe the diagnostic pathways and delays in initiation of treatment among drug-sensitive newly diagnosed TB patients in Ballabgarh, India. In May 2019, we interviewed 110 TB patients who were put on treatment in the past 2 months. It was a cross-sectional study where data collection was conducted by a physician. We used a structured questionnaire to collect the information on care-seeking practices, delays, and patient’s cost. Descriptive analysis was carried out for the pathways, delays, and patient cost. The mean number of health facility contacted before the diagnosis of TB was 2.8 (SD: 1.3); 76% of patients first sought care at a private health facility. The median total delay was 34.5 (IQR: 21–60) days; median patient delay seven (IQR: 2–21) days, median health system delay 16 (IQR: 8–45) days, median diagnostic delay 32.5 (IQR: 18–57) days, and median treatment delay two (IQR: 1–3) days. Health system delay was 2.2 times longer than patient delay; the health system delay was primarily due to delay in diagnosis. Patients contacting private health facility first had 1.7 times total delay, 2.4 times longer health system delay, and 3.4 times of direct cost compared with patients contacting a public health facility first. Accelerated efforts are needed to achieve India’s target to eliminate TB by 2025.