bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrate Exploration to Identify Radiosensitive Biomarkers in Genes in PD-L1 Expression and PD-1 Check Point Pathway in Cancer
Authors: Shen Junjie , Liu Jingfang , Li Huijun , Bai Lu , Geng Ruirui , Cao Jianping , Sun Peng , tang zaixiang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose

Exploration to identify radiosensitive biomarkers in genes in PD-L1 expression and PD-1 check point pathway in cancer.
Methods and Materials:

Gene expression datasets and information were downloaded from TCGA. Stepwise multivariate Cox regression based on AIC was performed using stacking multiple interpolation data to identify radiosensitive (RS) genes.
Results

Among the 74 PD-1/PD-L1 pathway genes, we identified 10 RS genes in BRCA dataset, 11 RS genes in STAD dataset and 13 RS genes in HNSC dataset. These genes can be thought as independent factors to identify the sensitivity of cancer patients to radiotherapy. Gene CD274 was the common gene in the three tumor datasets. And gene ZAP70 was verified as a RS gene in the external validation. There were moderate co-expression relationships and interactions in these genes. Functional enrichment analysis showed that most of these genes were related to T cells.
Conclusions

Our study identified potential radiosensitive biomarkers of several main cancer types in an important tumor immune checkpoint pathway. New types of RS genes were identified based on expanded definition to radiosensitive genes. Different types of tumors may share some common carcinogenic mechanisms and may have same RS genes.
A Generic FPGA Implementation of the Fractional-Order Derivative and Its Application
Authors: Daixin Peng , Liangyu Peng , Xuefeng Zhang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a generic FPGA implementation of the Grunwald-Letnikov definition of fractional-order derivative is presented, where the parameters are adjustable without changing the Verilog HDL code. Besides, there is no strict limit on the range of parameters and no need to pre-store coefficients to approximate the binomial coefficients. The memory length changes dynamically to reduce the number of calculation times. When the memory length becomes large, the advantages of this method will be more noticeable. Theoretically, it is a more generic FPGA algorithm not only suitable for the short memory principle, but also for the general Grunwald-Letnikov definition. In addition, a multi-scroll fractional-order NEW-SPROTT-41 system is designed by using a square family function. Its stability is simply analyzed, and the proposed FPGA implementation is applied to the proposed system. What’s more, the integrated logic analyzer(ILA) is used to capture internal signals of the FPGA without an oscilloscope. The experimental results are consistent with the numeric simulation results very well.
Blocking A1 astrocyte conversion with semaglutide attenuates blood-brain barrier disruption in mice after middle cerebral artery occlusion
Authors: Zhang Qi , Liu Chang , Shi Rubing , Shan Huimin , Deng Lidong , Chen Tingting , Zhang Zhijun , Yang Guo-Yuan , Wang Yongting , Tang Yaohui 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background

Astrocytes play an essential role in the modulation of blood-brain barrier function. Neurological diseases induce astrocytes to transform into a neurotoxic A1 phenotype, thus exacerbating brain injury. However, the effect of A1 astrocyte on the function of BBB after stroke is unknown.
Method:

Adult male ICR mice (n = 78) were subjected to 90-minute transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. Immunohistochemical staining of A1 (C3d) and A2 (S100A10) was performed to characterize phenotypic changes of astrocytes overtime after stroke. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist semaglutide was intraperitoneally injected into the mice to inhibit A1 astrocyte. Infarct volume, atrophy volume, neurobehavioral outcomes, and BBB permeability were examined. RNA-seq was adopted to explore the potential targets and signaling pathways of A1 astrocytes induced BBB dysfunction.
Results

Astrocytes assumed the A2 phenotype at the early stage of ischemic stroke but gradually transformed to the A1 phenotype. Semaglutide treatment reduced M1 microglia polarization and A1 astrocytes conversion after ischemic stroke (p < 0.05). Ischemia induced brain infarct volume, atrophy volume and neuroinflammation were reduced in the semaglutide treated mice. Neurobehavioral outcomes were improved compared to the control mice (p < 0.05). Further study demonstrated that semaglutide treatment reduced the gap formation of tight junction proteins ZO-1, claudin-5 and occludin, as well as IgG leakage following three days of ischemic stroke (p < 0.05). In vitro experiments revealed that A1 astrocyte-conditioned medium disrupted BBB integrity. RNA-seq further showed that A1 astrocytes were enriched in inflammatory factors and chemokines, as well as significantly modulating TNF and chemokine signaling pathways, which are closely related to barrier damage.
Conclusion

We concluded that astrocytes undergo a conversion from A2 phenotype to A1 phenotype overtime after ischemic stroke. A1 astrocytes aggravated BBB disruption, suggesting that block of A1 astrocytes conversion provides a novel strategy for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
Continental basalts track secular cooling of the mantle and the onset of modern plate tectonics
Authors: Chen Qian , Liu He , Johnson Tim , Hartnady Michael , Kirkland Christopher , Lu Yongjun , Sun Wei-Dong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The temperature of the convecting mantle exerts a first-order control on the tectonic behaviour of Earth’s lithosphere. Although the mantle has likely been cooling since the Archaean eon (4.0–2.5 billion years ago), how mantle temperature evolved thereafter is poorly understood. Here, we apply a statistical analysis to secular changes in the alkali index (A.I. = whole-rock (Na2O + K2O)2/(SiO2 – 38) as weight%) of intracontinental basalts globally to constrain the evolution of mantle potential temperature (Tp) over the past billion years. During the early Neoproterozoic, Tp remained relatively constant at ~1450 °C until the Cryogenian (720 to 635 million years ago), when mantle temperature dropped by ~50 °C over <180 million years. This remarkable episode of cooling records the onset of modern-style plate tectonics, which has been suggested to have been triggered by a dramatic increase in the supply of sediments to lubricate trenches during the thawing of the Snowball Earth.
Predicting the success rate of elective percutaneous coronary intervention for prior failure chronic total occlusion: a novel scoring
Authors: Li Wenzheng , Wu Zheng , Peng Hongyu , Zhao Donghui , Zhao Yejing , Zheng Ze , Tian Bing , Li Shiying , Cheng Shujuan , Liu Jinghua 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: There is limited data on percutaneous coronary intervention for chronic total occlusion (CTO) with previous failed attempt. The objective of this study is to investigate a risk score for prediction of successful percutaneous coronary intervention for prior failure CTO. Methods: Patients with previous attempt were enrolled in our study retrospectively from Jan. of 2016 to Dec. of 2019. All clinical and procedural data was collected and analyzed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was performed to investigate the predictors of technical success. Results: A total of 194 patients/CTO lesions were studied. The technical success rate was 66.0%. The multivariate logistic regression showed that occlusion length <20mm (OR= 2.94, 95% CI= 1.36±6.37, score= 1), non-calcification (OR= 2.93, 95% CI= 1.36±6.30, score=1), adequate distal landing zone (OR= 4.46, 95% CI= 2.06±9.66, score=1), Rentrop grade ≥2 (OR= 5.98, CI= 2.46±14.51, score =1), and retrograde approach as initial strategy (OR= 10.28, 95% CI= 3.58±29.50, score =2) was the predictor of re-attempt success of PCI. The technical success rate for a score from 0 to ≥4 was 0%, 17.9%, 46.2%, 77.8%, 93.3% respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the five predictors and integers was 0.837 and 0.832 respectively. Conclusions: The technical success rate for CTO PCI with previous failure was acceptable. Our score system can be used to predict the success rate of re-attempt CTO PCI.
RNA Binding Protein TAF15 Suppresses Toxicity in a Yeast Model of FUS Proteinopathy
Authors: Hayden Elliott , Kebe Aicha , Chen Shuzhen , Chumley Abagail , Xia Chenyi , Zhong Quan , Ju Shulin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Mutations in Fused in Sarcoma (FUS), an RNA binding protein that functions in multiple steps in gene expression regulation and RNA processing, are known to cause familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Since this discovery, mutations in several other RNA binding proteins (RBPs) have also been linked to ALS. Some of these ALS-associated RBPs have been shown to colocalize with ribonucleoprotein (RNP) granules such as stress granules and processing bodies (p-bodies). Characterization of ALS-associated proteins, their mis-localization, aggregation and toxicity in cellular and animal models have provided critical insights in disease. More and more evidence has emerged supporting a hypothesis that impaired clearance, inappropriate assembly, and dysregulation of RNP granules play a role in ALS. Through genome-scale overexpression screening of a yeast model of FUS toxicity, we found that TAF15, a human RBP with a similar protein domain structure and belonging to the same FET protein family as FUS, suppresses FUS toxicity. The suppressor effect of TAF15 is specific to FUS and not found in other yeast models of neurodegenerative disease-associated proteins. We showed that the RNA recognition motif (RRM) of TAF15 is required for its rescue of FUS toxicity. Furthermore, FUS and TAF15 physically interact, and the C-terminus of TAF15 is required for both the physical protein-protein interaction and its protection against FUS toxicity. Finally, while FUS induces and colocalizes with both stress granules and p-bodies, TAF15 only induces and colocalizes with p-bodies. Importantly, co-expression of FUS and TAF15 induces more p-bodies than individually expressing each gene alone, and FUS toxicity is exacerbated in yeast that is deficient in p-body formation. Overall, our findings suggest a role of p-body formation in the suppression of FUS toxicity by TAF15.
The Origin and Maintenance of Tuberculosis is Explained by Its Subclinical Course, the Neolithic Revolution Being the Trigger for Its Devastating Deadly Drift
Authors: Cardona Pere-Joan , Català Martí , Prats Clara 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The origin of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection has recently been dated to the Middle Paleolithic; around 70,000 years before the common era (BCE). At that time Homo sapiens was just another primate living in reduced groups in balance with nature, with discrete growth and a very low-density geographic occupation. Therefore, it is difficult to understand the origin of a highly virulent obligate human pathogen. We have designed a new SEIR model (TBSpectr) that considers tuberculosis (TB) clinical spectrum, by including a protection factor (p). The model fits current accepted growth rates for Middle Paleolithic (0.003%/year) and Neolithic (0,1%/year). The data obtained links the origin of M. tuberculosis ancient lineages in the Middle Paleolithic to the induction of mild TB forms (Sputum negative), thanks to a high p factor that was further enhanced by evolution towards modern lineages. The poor health status linked to the unequal society existing after the Neolithic revolution increased the incidence of more severe forms of TB (Sputum positive). This data supports the origin of TB as a well-tolerated highly persistent infection which could coevolve towards mutualism, shows the difficulty of eradicating it and highlights the imperative of providing better health conditions to humans to avoid its severity.
Schizophrenia Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotic Initiation Index: A Clinician Rated Instrument for Improving Treatment in Schizophrenia
Authors: Ifteni Petru , Teodorescu Andreea 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric condition with devastating consequences for the individual's functionality and leading to severe disability. Lack of insight and non-adherence to treatment remain the most important factors in the progression of the disease to chronicity.Despite their proven effectiveness in preventing relapses, reducing morbidity and mortality, long acting injectable antipsychotics (LAIs) are still underused. One of the causes invoked is the lack of guidelines or protocols for initiating LAIs.Objective: The aim of this article is to present Schizophrenia long-acting injectable antipsychotic initiation index (SLAII), a clinician-rated index that rates the important factors of the disorder across seven items: age, duration of illness, relapses, antipsychotic treatment response, family support, antipsychotic existing formulation and adherence.Method: A retrospective study in which all patients with schizophrenia discharged on oral antipsychotics without LAIs treatment lifetime were evaluated with SLAII for opportunity for LAIs initiation.Results: Of 225 consecutive patients, 144 patients (64%) had a strong indication for initiating LAI and 76 (34%) had moderate indication. 203 patients (90.2 %) had more than 2 relapses. The results of our research showed that 177 patients (78.7%) received at discharge an oral antipsychotic that also had a long-acting formula.Conclusion: This paper proposed an instrument designed to improve treatment in schizophrenia using a simple conceptual model which integrates important predictors of good or poor outcomes.
Design And Implementation of An Ultra-Low Power Bose Chaudhuri Hocquenghem Encoding Based Body Channel Communication For Medical Applications
Authors: Sankaran Vijayalakshmi , Alagumariappan Paramasivam , V Nagarajan , E Sankaran 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper proposes the Bose–Chaudhuri–Hocquenghem (BCH) encoding based Body Channel Communication (BCC) for medical applications by ultra-low power consumption. The transmitter uses channel of 1-100 MHz frequency to enhance the transmitter frequency and time domain properties. The BCH based BCC transmitter uses two stage low power analog processing circuit and digital information restoration circuit. The analog processing circuit consists of capacitor coupled adjustable preamplifier. In addition to that a body channel communication (BCC) transceiver with BCH codes modulation is proposed. In the BCC transceiver side, sensed data are encoded into BCH code format, and then the chosen BCH codes restrict the maximum consecutive identical digit (CID) to rise the data transmission rate. In the BCC receiver side, we use an analog front-end (AFE) circuit board to amplify the attenuated signal from the transmitter and restore the signal to the digital waveform. After the 8x oversampling sampler and vote integrator recovery the clock and data, the BCH code demodulator demodulates the original data. The proposed BCC transceiver has higher data reliability because of the orthogonal characteristic of BCH codes. Moreover, the proposed BCH code concatenated method strengthens the jitter tolerance and improve the code rate. The proposed BCC transceiver was verified on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) board. The Proposed Data transceiver achieves data rate of 100 Mbps, Also, the BER value is < 10− 6 and < 10− 5 at 60 Mbps and 100 Mbps, respectively.
An Experimental Murine Model to Study Acquisition Dynamics of Tick-Borne Langat Virus in Ixodes Scapularis
Authors: Rajendran Kundave V. , Ahmed Waqas , Roozitalab Ashkan , Neelakanta Girish , Sultana Hameeda 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Ixodes scapularis ticks acquire several pathogens from reservoir animals and transmit them to humans. Development of an animal model to study acquisition and transmission dynamics of these pathogens into and from ticks, respectively, is challenging due to the fact that in nature ticks feed for a longer duration and on multiple vertebrate hosts. To understand the complex nature of pathogen acquisition/transmission, it is essential to set up a successful tick blood feeding method on a suitable vertebrate host. In this study, we provide an evidence that murine model can be successfully used to study acquisition dynamics of Langat virus (LGTV), a member of tick-borne flaviviruses. Mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with LGTV that showed detectable viral loads in murine blood, skin and other tissues including brain. Both larval and nymphal ticks that were allowed to feed on murine host successfully acquired LGTV loads. Also, we found that after molting LGTV was transstadially transmitted from larval to nymphal stage. In addition, we noted that, LGTV down-regulated IsSMase expression in all group of ticks possibly for its survival in its vector host. Taken together, we provide an evidence on the use of murine model to not only study acquisition dynamics of LGTV but also to study changes in tick gene expression during acquisition of arboviruses into ticks.
Value of Intrarenal Artery Resistive Index for Detecting Diabetic Kidney Disease: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Getaneh Ferehiwot Bekele , Mengistu Yewondwossen Tadesse , Knicely Daphne H. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: The typical pattern of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) which follows glomerular hyperfiltration progressing to persistent albuminuria associated with hypertension and declining glomerular filtration rate (GFR) has changed over the years. The aim of the study is to examine the potential role of Doppler ultrasound in early identification of DKD. Methods: A 137 patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients in Ethiopia participated in the study. We analyzed the correlation between resistive index (RI) of intrarenal arteries and clinical characteristics, eGFR and 24-hr urine. We evaluated the linear relationship of RI with multiple variables using multiple regression analysis. Sensitivity, specificity and area under curve (AUC) of the receiver operating curve (ROC) were assessed.Results: Among the 137 participants, 48.9% were patients with type 1 DM and 51.1% with type 2 DM. Mean age ± SD was 42±15 years. The median 24-hr urine protein was 156 (IQR=149.5) mg/24hr. Mean eGFR was 104.26±17.25 (mL/min/1.73 m2). The mean RI was 0.7±0.06. The mean RI was significantly correlated with age and eGFR (r=0.64 & -0.56, P<0.001 respectively). Our multiple regression model relating mean RI to age, eGFR, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), duration of diabetes and body mass index (BMI) was significant (overall F-test P-value<0.001). The AUC of the ROC curve of mean RI to identify a low eGFR was 0.82 (95% CI, 0.6 to 1). Sensitivity and specificity of 80% and 53% was calculated respectively.Conclusion: A significant linear relationship has been observed between RI and eGFR. This indicates RI values can determine the level of renal function loss with high accuracy.
The Fatty Degeneration of the Lumbar Erector Spinae Muscles Affects Dynamic Spinal Compensation Ability During Gait in Adult Spinal Deformity
Authors: Miura Kousei , Kadone Hideki , Asada Tomoyuki , Koda Masao , Funayama Toru , Takahashi Hiroshi , Noguchi Hiroshi , Mataki Kentaro , Shibao Yosuke , Sato Kosuke , Eto Fumihiko , Kono Mamoru , Suzuki Kenji , Yamazaki Masashi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether fat infiltration in lumbar back muscles assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could be related to dynamic sagittal spino-pelvic balance during gait in adult spinal deformity (ASD). This is a retrospective analysis of 28 patients with ASD. The fat infiltration rate of lumbar erector spinae muscles and multifidus muscles was measured by T2 weighted axial MRI at L1-2 and L4-5. Dynamic sagittal spinal and pelvic angles during gait were evaluated using 3D motion analysis. The correlation between fat infiltration rate of those muscles with variations in dynamic kinematic variables while walking and static radiological parameters was analyzed. Spinal kyphosis and pelvic anteversion significantly increased during gait. Fat infiltration rate of erector spinae muscles at L1-2 was positively correlated with thoracic kyphosis (r=0.392, p=0.039) and pelvic tilt (r=0.415, p=0.028). Increase of spinal kyphosis during walking was positively correlated with fat infiltration rate of erector spinae muscles both at L1-2 (r=0.394, p=0.038) and L4-5 (r=0.428, p=0.023). Qualitative evaluation of lumbar erector spinae muscles assessed by fat infiltration rate has the potential to reflect dynamic spino-pelvic balance during gait.
A New Approach to Establish Safe Levels of Available Metals in Soil With Respect to Potential Health Hazard of Human
Authors: Golui Debasis , Datta Siba Prasad , Dwivedi B.S. , Meena M.C. , Ray P. , Trivedi V.K. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Safe levels of extractable pollutant elements in soil have not been universally established. Prediction of metal solubility in polluted soils and the subsequent transfer of these metals from soil pore water to the human food supply via crops are required for effective risk assessment from polluted soils. Thus an attempt has been made to develop a novel approach to protect human health from exposure to toxic metals through assessing risk from metal polluted soils utilised for agriculture. In this study, we assess the relative efficacy of various forms of ‘free ion activity model’ (FIAM) for predicting the concentration of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) in spinach and wheat as example crops, thereby providing an assessment of risk to human health from consumption of these crops. Free metal ion activity in soil solution was estimated using the Windermere Humic Aqueous Model VII (WHAM-VII) and the Baker soil test. Approximately 91, 81, 75, 94 and 70% of the variability in Cd, Pb, Ni, Zn and Cu content, respectively, of spinach could be described by a FIAM using an estimate of the free ion activity of the metals provided by WHAM-VII. Higher prediction coefficients were obtained using EDTA, rather than DTPA, as the metal extractant in an integrated solubility-FIAM model. Out of three formulations, the FIAM, based on free ion activity of metals in soil pore water, determined from solution extracted with Rhizon samplers, was distinctly superior to the other formulations in predicting metal uptake by spinach and wheat. A safe level of extractable metal in soil was prescribed using a hazard quotient derived from predicted plant metal content and estimated dietary intake of wheat and spinach by a human population.
Dynamic Evolution Law and Width Determination of Section Coal Pillars in Deep Mining Height Working Face
Authors: Zhaoyuan Lei , Feng Cui , Jianwei Liu , Xingping Lai , Ruiqiang Yi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The coal column undergoes three types of force evolution from the formation to the end of mining. This paper takes large mining height working face at No.2 Coal Mine as example to study the ways to avoid dynamic instability of the coal column triggered by the deep mining. By means of geological survey, theoretical analysis, numerical calculation and field verification, the load processes under the three stress stage are proposed, and the evolution law of the coal column is analyzed. The study shows that the depth, large mining height working face, coal pillar force and size altogether determine the damage characteristics of the coal pillar. With the combination of Flac3D and 3DEC, it can be analyzed that the plastic failure and displacement characteristics of the 35m coal column under the action of secondary dynamic load coincide. The perturbation stress distribution is stable, which finally determines the reasonable width of the 35m coal column. Field measurements show that the top and gang of the 35m coal column undergo three kinds of displacement characteristics. The lower part is more stable. The top plate of the upper and lower corner completely collapsed in the emptying area, which can play a good supporting role.