bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimated Date of Delivery With Electronic Medical Records By A Hybrid GBDT-GRU Model
Authors: Wu Yina , Zhang Yichao , Zou Xu , Yuan Zhenming , Hu Wensheng , Lu Sha , Sun Xiaoyan , Wu Yingfei 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
An accurate estimated date of delivery (EDD) helps pregnant women make adequate preparations before delivery and avoid the panic of parturition. EDD is normally derived from some formulates or estimated by doctors based on last menstruation period and ultrasound examinations. The main aim of this study was to develop a hybrid model to improve the accuracy of EDD and promote the health and safety of pregnant women and fetuses. This study attempted to combine antenatal examinations and electronic medical records to develop a hybrid model based on Gradient Boosting Decision Tree and Gated Recurrent Unit (GBDT-GRU). Besides exploring the features that affect the EDD, GBDT-GRU model obtained the results by dynamic prediction of different stages. The mean square error (MSE) and coefficient of determination (R2) were used to compare the performance among the different prediction methods. In addition, we evaluated predictive performances of different prediction models by comparing the proportion of pregnant women under the error of different days. The clinical data were collected with 33,222 pregnancy examination records from 5537 Chinese pregnant women who have given birth. Experimental results showed that the hybrid GBDT-GRU model outperformed other prediction methods with coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.84, mean square error (MSE) of 41.73. We also found that the GBDT-GRU model had a smaller deviation by comparing the bias between the actual delivery date and the EDD under different methods. In comparison with other prediction methods, the GBDT-GRU model provided better performance results. The results of this study are helpful for the development of guidelines for clinical delivery treatments, as it can assist clinicians in making correct decisions during obstetric examinations.
Performance Determinants of Unsupervised Clustering Methods for Microbiome Data
Authors: Shi Yushu , Zhang Liangliang , Peterson Christine , Do Kim-Anh , Jenq Robert 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: In microbiome data analysis, unsupervised clustering is often used to identify naturally occurring clusters, which can then be assessed for associations with characteristics of interest. In this work, we systematically compared beta diversity and clustering methods commonly used in microbiome analyses. We applied these to four published datasets where highly distinct microbiome profiles could be seen between sample groups, as well a clinical dataset with less clear separation between groups. Results: Although no single method outperformed the others consistently, we did identify key scenarios where certain methods can underperform. Specifically, the Bray Curtis (BC) metric resulted in poor clustering in a dataset where high-abundance OTUs were relatively rare. In contrast, the unweighted UniFrac (UU) metric clustered poorly on dataset with a high prevalence of low-abundance OTUs. To explore these hypotheses about BC and UU, we systematically modified properties of the poorly performing datasets and found that this approach resulted in improved BC and UU performance. Based on these observations, we rationally combined BC and UU to generate a novel metric. We tested its performance while varying the relative contributions of each metric and also compared it with another combined metric, the generalized UniFrac distance. The proposed metric showed high performance across all datasets. Conclusions Our systematic evaluation of clustering performance in these five datasets demonstrates that there is no existing clustering method that universally performs best across all datasets. We propose a combined metric of BC and UU that capitalizes on the complementary strengths of the two metrics.
Automated Feature Selection and Classification for High-Dimensional Biomedical Data
Authors: Beishuizen Tammo P.A. , Vanschoren Joaquin , Hilbers Peter A.J. , Bošnački Dragan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Automated machine learning aims to automate the building of accurate predictive models, including the creation of complex data preprocessing pipelines. Although successful in many fields, they struggle to produce good results on biomedical datasets, especially given the high dimensionality of the data. Result: In this paper, we explore the automation of feature selection in these scenarios. We analyze which feature selection techniques are ideally included in an automated system, determine how to efficiently find the ones that best fit a given dataset, integrate this into an existing AutoML tool (TPOT), and evaluate it on four very different yet representative types of biomedical data: microarray, mass spectrometry, clinical and survey datasets. We focus on feature selection rather than latent feature generation since we often want to explain the model predictions in terms of the intrinsic features of the data. Conclusion: Our experiments show that for none of these datasets we need more than 200 features to accurately explain the output. Additional features did not increase the quality significantly. We also find that the automated machine learning results are significantly improved after adding additional feature selection methods and prior knowledge on how to select and tune them.
Increased NOX1 and DOUX2 Expression in the Colonic Mucosa of Patients with Chronic Functional Constipation
Authors: Wei Xiuqin , Kang Chunbo , Gao Lei , Zhang Mengqiao , Xue Mei , Ma Chao , Zheng Yufeng , Cao Lei , Chen Pan , Jiang Shujing , Chu Fong-Fong , Gao Qiang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Aim
To determine whether oxidative stress and inflammation are associated with constipation by examining the expression of the main producers of reactive oxygen species, NADPH oxidases, and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the colon of patients with chronic functional constipation.
Methods
The colonic biopsies were collected from 32 patients with chronic functional constipation and 30 healthy subjects who underwent colonoscopy. Colonic mucosal histology was observed. IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 mRNA, and four members of NADPH oxidase (NOX1, NOX2, DOUX2 and NOX4) protein and mRNA were assessed by immunohistochemistry, western blotting and RT-PCR.
Results
The tissues from both patients and healthy subjects showed normal histological structure without increase of inflammatory cells. NOX1 protein and mRNA levels were significantly increased compared to controls (P<0.05). DOUX2 protein, but not mRNA, was increased by twofold compared to controls (P<0.05). The levels of NOX2 and NOX4 protein and mRNA demonstrated no significant difference between patients and control subjects. The levels of IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA were significantly higher in constipation patients (P<0.05), while IL-8 mRNA level was no different between the two groups.
Conclusion
NADPH oxidase and pro-inflammatory cytokine might be involved in the pathogeneses of chronic functional constipation.
Effect of Mechanical Ventilation Mode Type on Prioperative Blood Loss in Patients Undergoing Posterior Lumbar Inter body Fusion Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Salimian Manoochehr , Hajijafari Mohammad , Fakharian Esmaeil , Rahati Meghdad 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background

this study has examined modes of mechanical ventilation, pressure or volume-controlled ventilation (PCV or VCV) on intra- and post-operative surgical bleeding in posterior lumbar inter body fusion (PLIF) surgery
Methods

This research was a randomized, single-blinded, and parallel study, that 78 patients were selected. They mechanically ventilated using either PCV or VCV in PLIF surgery. In this regard, a permuted block randomization was used with a computer-generated list. After induction of anesthesia in supine position, the hemodynamic and respiratory parameters were measured
Results

The mean bleeding was 431.281 ± 361.04cc in the PCV group and 465.26 ± 338.16 cc in the VCV group (p = 0.669). Moreover, blood transfusion rates in the PCV and VCV groups were 0.40 ± 0.74 and 0.43±78 0.78 pack cell (p = 0.836), respectively. Notably, surgeon satisfaction was more observed in the PCV group (82.1% vs. 74.4%, p = 0.548). In addition, the other variables were similar in these two groups.
Conclusions

The mean bleeding volume was higher in the VCV group compared to the PCV group; however, no significant difference was observed between these two groups. Hemoglobin levels in the patients included before and after surgery showed that the two groups were in a similar condition.
Evaluation of Pore Volume, Connectivity and Clogging of Previous Concrete Reactive Barrier in Treatment of Acid Mine Drainage
Authors: Ekolu Stephen O. , Solomon Fitsum , de Beer Frikkie , Bitandi Louisette , Kilula Rais N. , Maseko Khaya T. , Mahlangu Fatty G. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
It has recently been shown that pervious concrete is a promising, effective technology as permeable reactive barrier for treatment of acid mine drainage (AMD). However, pore clogging also occurs simultaneously during AMD treatment. In the present study, mixtures of pervious concrete were made and used in a column experiment during which pore clogging occurred in the samples. Pore volume, connectivity and other parameters of pervious concrete were evaluated using five (5) different methods comprising the volumetric method (VM), linear – traverse method (LTM), image analysis (IA), falling head permeability test and X - ray micro - computed tomography. It was found that pervious concrete effectively removed from AMD, about 90 to 99% of various heavy metals including Al, Fe, Zn, Mn and Mg. Cr concentration significantly increased in the treated effluent, owing to leaching from cementitious materials used in mixtures. The VM and LTM gave statistically similar pore volume results, while IA’s values were 20 to 30% higher than those of the conventional methods. The falling head permeability test and IA were found to be effective in quantifying pore clogging effects. Pervious concrete exhibited high pore connectivity of 95.0 to 99.7%, which underlies its efficacious hydraulic conductivity.
Phthalate Exposure and Liver Function in US Adolescents: Analyses of NHANES 2007-2016
Authors: Xiang Shiting , Dong Jie , Li Xun , Li Liping , Li Chao 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Phthalates are non-persistent chemicals with endocrine-disrupting abilities widely used in a variety of consumer products. Evidence for the effects of phthalate exposure on liver function in adolescents is lacking. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between phthalate exposure and changes in liver function indicators.Methods: Data were analyzed from the combined 2007-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Weighted linear regressions were used to explore the association between urinary phthalate metabolites and indicators of liver function. Bayesian kernel machine regressions (BKMR) were used to evaluate the joint effects of phthalate metabolite mixtures on indicators of liver function.Results: Weighted Linear regression models showed that MCOP and MiBP were negatively associated with TBIL (all P FDR < 0.05), MCPP was positively correlated with TBIL (P FDR < 0.05), ΣDEHP, MCOP, and MEP (all P FDR < 0.05) were negatively correlated with ALB, while MCPP was positively correlated with ALB (P FDR < 0.05), and MCOP was negatively correlated with TP (P FDR < 0.05). BKMR analysis showed phthalate metabolite mixtures had significant positive dose response relationships with ALT, AST, GGT, ALP and TBIL, and significant negative dose response relationships with ALB and TP.Conclusions: The implications of these results demonstrate that phthalate exposure may contribute to adverse effects on liver function indicators among U.S. adolescents.
Application of an Optimization/Simulation Model for the Real-time Flood Operation of River-Reservoir Systems with One and Two-Dimensional Unsteady Flow Modeling
Authors: Salih Hasan Albo , Mays Larry W. , Che Daniel 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
An application is presented of a new methodology for the real-time operation of flood control reservoir gate control operations of river-reservoir systems to minimize flooding. The methodology is based upon an optimization/simulation modeling approach that interfaces optimization with a one and/or two-dimensional unsteady flow simulation model (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers HEC-RAS). The approach also includes a model for short-term rainfall forecasting and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers HEC-HMS model for rainfall-runoff modeling. Both short term forecasted rainfall in addition to gaged streamflow data and/or NEXRAD (Next-Generation Radar) can be implemented in the modeling approach. The optimization solution methodology is based upon a genetic algorithm implemented through MATLAB. The application is based upon the May 2010 flood event on the Cumberland River system in the USA, during which releases from Old Hickory dam caused major flooding downstream area of Nashville, Tennessee area. One of the major features of the modeling effort and the application presented was to investigate the use of different unsteady flow modeling approaches available in the HEC-RAS) including one-dimensional (1D), two-dimensional (2D), and the combined (1D/2D) approach. One of the major results of the application was to investigate the use the different unsteady flow approaches in the modeling approach. The 2D unsteady flow modeling is based upon the diffusion wave approach was found to be superior for the application to the Cumberland River system
Association of Blood Lipids With Coronary Artery Plaque Among Saudi Patients Referred to Computed Tomography
Authors: Helali Sumaya Al , Hanif Muhammad , AlMajed Ahmad , AlShugair Nura , Belfageih Abdullah , Qahtani Hamad Al , Dulikan Sameer Al 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Blood lipids are strong risk factor for the progression of atherosclerotic plaques. However, data on gender-specific associations are limited OBJECTIVES: To examine gender-specific associations of blood lipids with coronary plaque among in a large sample of asymptomatic Saudi patients. METHODS: Retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among adult patients referred to (64 multidetector spiral) computed tomography (CT) for standard indications at the Prince Sultan Cardiac Centre (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia) between July 2007 and December 2017. Those with pre-existing CAD were excluded. Plaques were determined based on post-test CT angiography and coronary calcification. RESULTS: A total 2421 patients (1498 males and 923 females) were included. The prevalence of any plaque was 36.6% with higher burden in males than females (41.3% versus 28.9%, p<0.001). Approximately 78.9% of all plaques were calcified. Blood lipids (mmol/L) were 4.75±1.14 for total cholesterol, 2.90±0.96 for LDL cholesterol, 1.20±0.36 for HDL cholesterol, and 1.64±1.09 for triglycerides. Males had significantly higher triglycerides and lower HDL cholesterol compared with females. In adjusted models in males and all patients, soft and/or calcified plaques were significantly associated with lower HDL cholesterol and higher triglycerides. In females, the only significant association was between soft plaques and higher triglycerides.CONCLUSIONS: Middle-aged patients without clinical CAD in Saudi Arabia have a high burden of plaques, specially calcified ones. The findings may impact the use of lipid lowering mediations, by underscoring the importance of assessing the risk of CAD in asymptomatic patients without clinical CAD even in case of lack of coronary calcification.
Mitotane Treatment Combined With Unilateral Adrenalectomy in a Patient With Primary Pigmented Nodular Adrenocortical Disease Caused by a Start Codon Mutation of PRKAR1A Gene
Authors: Liu Xuemeng , Guo Minghao , Han Bing , Xu Yue , Zhao Shuangxia , Xu Bin , Song Huaidong , Qiao Jie 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (PPNAD) is a rare cause of Cushing’s syndrome (CS). This study aimed to explore molecular basis and treatment strategy in a patient with PPNAD.Methods: Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was used to reveal the mutation of PRKAR1A gene, with immunohistochemistry (IHC) to observe the expression of mutant PRKAR1A. Low-dose Mitotane followed by unilateral adrenalectomy were performed to control hypercortisolism. Results: A case of 45-year-old female present with classical hypercortisolism as excessive weight gain, central obesity, and intractable hypertension. She experienced adrenal adenoma surgery 10 years ago with no improvement. Low dosage of Mitotane was used for 7 months to control the severe hypercortisolism. Then laparoscopic unilateral adrenalectomy was performed and pathological features supporting PPNAD. The germline mutation (c.1A>G) in the start codon of PRKAR1A (Protein Kinase cAMP-Dependent Type I Regulatory Subunit Alpha) gene was identified. Notably, the body weight and hypertension were improved obviously one year later even if she discontinued with the Mitotane treatment.Conclusion: Low-dose Mitotane followed by unilateral adrenalectomy showed satisfied treatment effect in this patient, which may be an alternative treatment for PPNAD patient instead of bilateral adrenalectomy.
Diagnostic Value of Bone Marrow Cell Morphology in Visceral Leishmaniasis-Associated Hemophagocytic Syndrome of Two Cases
Authors: SHI SHULAN , ZHAO HENG , MA MINGBIAO , LI XIAOJUAN , XU JI , ZHOU BENGJIANG , JIANG HONGCHAO 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Visceral leishmaniasis related-hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (VL-HLH) is a hemophagocytic syndrome caused by Leishmania infection. VL-HLH is rare, especially in nonendemic areas where the disease is severe, and mortality rates are high. The key to diagnosing VL-HLH is to find the pathogen; therefore, the Leishmania must be accurately identified for timely clinical treatment.Case presentationWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical data, laboratory examination results and bone marrow cell morphology of two children with VL-HLH diagnosed via bone marrow cell morphology between July 2017 and January 2021 at Kunming Children’s Hospital of Yunnan, China.Two cases suspected of having malignant tumors at other hospitals and who had undergone ineffective long-term treatment were transferred to Kunming Children’s Hospital. They had repeated fevers, pancytopenia, hepatosplenomegaly, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypofibrinogenemia over a long period and met the HLH-2004 standard. Their HLH genetic test results were negative, and primary HLH was excluded. Both children underwent chemotherapy as per the HLH-2004 chemotherapy regimen , but it was ineffective and accompanied by serious infections. We found Leishmania amastigotes in their bone marrow via morphological examination of their bone marrow cells, which showed hemophagocytic cells; thus, the children were diagnosed with VL-HLH. After being transferred to a specialty hospital for treatment, the condition was well-controlled. Conclusion: Morphological examination of the bone marrow cells played an important role in diagnosing VL-HLH. When clinically diagnosing secondary HLH, VL-HLH should be considered in addition to common pathogens, especially in patients for whom HLH-2004 chemotherapy regimens are ineffective. For infants and young children, bone marrow cytology examinations should be performed several times and as early as possible to find the pathogens to reduce potential misdiagnoses.
Special Genotypes of ABA Key Functional Genes NCEDs Members in the Glycyrrhizic Acid Synthesis Regulatory Network Promote Glycyrrhizic Acid Synthesis in Licorice
Authors: Li Ting , Xuan Feiyang , Shen Xiaoying , Jiang Dan , Ren Guangxi , Liu Chunsheng 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe glycyrrhizic acid biosynthesis pathway does not exist in isolation, but is connected with the biosynthesis pathways of other secondary metabolites in licorice and finally forms a network. Our previous study found that exogenous spraying of appropriate concentration of abscisic acid (ABA) could increase the content of glycyrrhizic acid (GA) in licorice. However, the mechanism of action remains unknown. We aim to understand the molecular mechanism of ABA promoting the synthesis of GA in licorice and find the molecular marker for the high content of GA germplasm material.MethodsWe analyzed the expression of the key gene of β-AS for GA synthesis after applying ABA, the key functional genes NCED1, NCED3 and NCED4 in the process of ABA synthesis were overexpression, and analyzed the relationship between the SNP polymorphism of the NCED1, NCED3, NCED4 and the content of the GA and ABA in 13 different provenances of licorice with the grey correlation analysis. ResultsThe appropriate concentration of ABA treatment could increase the content of the GA through improving the expression of β-AS. There were significant differences in the content of ABA and GA among the 13 provenances, and the 3 members of the NCEDs family of different provenances had abundant SNP variation sites. Grey correlation and overexpression of NCEDs function both showed that the effect of promoting the synthesis of ABA and GA: NCED1 437 bp G type > NCED3 966 bp G type > NCED4 845 bp A type. All of the above indicated that NCEDs gene variation was the reason for the diversity of GA and ABA content. When selecting high GA germplasm, more priority should be given to NCED1 gene 437 bp G type, NCED3 gene 966 bp G type and NCED4 gene 845 bp A type. ConclusionThis study provides a basis for the selection of excellent GA content germplasm of licorice, and provide some reference for producing a high quality cultivated licorice.