bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Critical review on the Solid-wastes issue: Generation, Composition, Disposal and their recycling potential for various applications
Authors: Sharma Shubham , Sudhakara  , Misra SK , Singh J 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In sixty-five years, merely nine percent of plastic waste was recycled and reused, twelve percent was incinerated, and the remaining seventy-nine percent has built up in landfills or ended up elsewhere in the environment. Statistically, the remaining seventy-nine percent of plastic wastes can be recycled in more than five-hundred years. Building and construction material is expensive due to the demand of the growing population with a low supply of the materials. To address this, the usage of solid-wastes for the manufacture of bricks and other building materials is an ideal-optimal approach towards tackling the challenges of handling waste-products as well as optimizing the production-cost of construction materials. Subsequently, plastic bottles, plastic containers, and plastic bags are flexible and possesses several characteristics includes good versatility, hardness, lightness, and resistance to chemicals and water and impact which can be heated and reshape to form a building material. Thus, this review briefly focusses on the possibility of utilizing non-hazardous wastes such as plastic wastes, glass bottles, and other solid-industrial wastes in making effective and quality and sand brick as substitute for expensive building material. This study is also aimed at educating the engineering public and professionals on the importance and necessity of waste management, reuse and recycling and also awareness on the benefits of conserving our environment through the reuse and utilization of waste within it. The review helps to identify the different types of wastes with potential of utilization towards construction and several key research factors and criteria which can provide focus and direction towards the choice of wastes-type to be used and ensuring that they have utilization potentials in the various value-addition applications. The piling of such wastes poses an environmental problem often on account of chemicals which the ecosystem has never been used to. These affect its proper functioning and in turn at the global level, are likely to affect even the stability of biosphere. The pool of information on Solid Wastes generation, disposal and management is increasing each year. A comprehensive review of available literature regarding Solid Wastes generation, disposal and management has been presented in this article.
Analysis of Triple Band Split Ring Resonator Based Microstrip Bandpass Filter
Authors: Vineetha K V , Siva Kumar M , Madhav B T P 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper presents the design, simulation and implementation of microstrip bandpass filter having SRR structures on radiating side which resonates at tri-frequencies (2.4,4.5 and 5.2 GHz) which are used for WLAN applications. Filter parameters like return loss, insertion loss, group delay, phase delay and bandwidth are improved by the implementation of SRR structures on the center of the transmission line. To optimize the dimension of the SRR unit cell and filter parametric analysis are performed with ANSYS HFSS. The proposed filter with 3 SRR unit cell having the minimum transmission coefficient of -0.7dB, -1.27dB, and -2.1dB across 2.4,4.5 and 5.2GHz, reflection coefficient of -22.7dB, -23dB, and -16.5dB across 2.4,4.5 and 5.2GHz, group delay value of 1.52ns,1.38ns and 0.58ns across 2.4,4.5 and 5.2GHz with minimum nonlinear phase response and the quality factor value of 14.1,18.7,13.7 across 2.4,4.5 and 5.2GHz. The proposed filter was designed with the order of 5 using Chebyshev type 1 approximation technique having a ripple factor value of 0.01dB. Surface current distributions of the proposed filter are also evaluated. Fabricated microstrip bandpass filter results are measured and validated using ANRITSU-MS2037C combinational analyser.
Low Power High Performance Current Mirror – A Review
Authors: Vidhate Ashok D. , Suman Shruti 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In VLSI technology the circuit has small size. The efficient size gained due to decreasing chip design to nano-scale. But as chip size becomes very less the factor which adversely affects the design is maintaining constant current in CMOS integrated circuit. Current mirror replicates input current at the output. There is need to design current mirror circuit such that it works efficiently with low power requirement. In this work the survey of different CM circuits analysed and studies. Each CM has its advantages, limitations and research gap which is noted and applicable for further development.
Design and Analysis of Plasmonic Antenna for Nanoscale Wireless Applications
Authors: Cheerla Sreevardhan , Subbareddy V , Sudha Harika T , Yalla Jahnavi , Pamulapati Puja 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The paper demonstrates design and analysis of plasmonic antenna for nanoscale wireless links. A surface plasmon polarities (SPP’s) based Hybrid Metal Insulator Metal (HMIM) based circular nano patch antenna for optical frequencies are designed and analysed using commercially available CST Microwave studio suite. The proposed circular patch antenna operated in the optical frequency band of 225 THz to 245 THz with a bandwidth of 20 THz. The overall size of the optical antenna is 1500 x 1000 nm2. The proposed antenna is very much useful in chip scale applications, interconnects and optical sensing applications.
Performance Analysis of Feature sets in Speaker Diarization techniques
Authors: Sailaja C , Maloji Suman , Manepalli Kasiprasad 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Speech is the most important communication among humans. Processing of speech signal has many strategies including speech coding, speaker recognition, speaker verification, etc. Speaker diarization is the pre-processing stage for many applications of speaker recognition systems. Speaker Diarization is the mission of determining “who Spoke when” for any audio recording that carries an unknown quantity of records and an unknown variety of audio systems. Speaker diarization has come to be achief era for many tasks like navigation, retrieval, or higher-level interference on audio data. It mainly performs three operations feature extraction, voice activity detection, and classification. In this paper, we’ve reviewed the few speaker diarization Techniques. The trendy speaker diarization structures finished nice outcomes. In this paper, few speaker diarization device performances are evaluated for Diarization mistakes, Tracking time, and False alarm.
Review of Current Reference Architectures
Authors: Parvin Kazi Nikhat , Phalguni Singh Ngangbam 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper an effort is made to bring the research work done and possible future research scope by finding the gaps in the current reference circuits. Over large range of temperatures circuit must be operating flawlessly, in order to ensure this, a robust current reference circuit is very important. Current reference circuit is an important block in almost all the analog circuits and also in the mixed-signal circuits. All these recent works is based on CMOS technology with various technology nodes namely 65 nm, 180nm and 350nm. Some papers have not discussed area and others number of samples, this leaves a possible scope to investigate current reference circuits thoroughly. The other parameters discussed are Output current (nA), Minimum supply voltage (V), Supply current (nA), Current TC(ppm/°c).
Design of AES based Chiper and Decipher Cryptography System using Verilog HDL
Authors: Noorbasha Fazal , Cheruvu Jitendra Hanuman , Boina Praveen , Battineni Sai Vamsi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The undisclosed word structure is the mainly usual process among existing techniques on the data communication process and is executed more simply and efficiently than remaining techniques. It is a susceptible method by protecting attacks such as replay or eavesdropping. To overcome this trouble, AES based cryptography system is used. In this paper we have proposed a process and module which is optimized and uses low-power cryptographic technique. Cryptography is the existing world serves significant function for data safety communications. The projected technique is OTP based AES 128-bit. This FPGA system is design by using Verilog HDL.
Optimal Technique of Tumor Detection and Prediction of Livestock by Deep Neural Network with TensorFlow and Keras
Authors: Kola Ratana Raj Kumar , Bojja Polaiah , Kumari Pamula Raja 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
–In this paper, we emphasis on the method by which a sick livestock can be diagnosed of the probable infections and predict the type of disease. Proposed an approach to distinguish whether an MRI picture of a brain contains a possible tumor of livestock. Designed a computer-aided detection approach to detect a brain tumor in its early stage by using deep neural network using Keras and Tensor flow. The main problem faced by a farmer/livestock owner is that ofthe geographical distances of the sick animal from the healthcenter or the doctors who can treat and suggest the possible cure. By leveraging the modern technology in application and developments in Machine Learning and IOT technology the above-mentioned problem can be addressed as of the optimal approach for the farmer. The Detection of tumor is first predicted by Convolution Neural Network based Deep neural network using Keras and Tensorflow, followed is by which the MRI image is pre-processed to isolate the noise and any artefacts. The results are carried out by proposed method which can communicate directly to the cattle farmer using IOT. However the resultant of the computer aided process will automate the detection of diseas by which the farmers can directly know whether the cattle got effected with tumor or not. Time complexity can be significantly reduced with the proposed method. Eventually, computer aided system will assist the radiologist and the doctor in concluding of any illness on the livestock.
Smart Glass Using IoT and Machine Learning Technologies to aid the blind, dumb and deaf
Authors: Salvi Siddhant , Pahar Sudipta , Kadale Yuvraj 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
One of the earliest written records of a sign language is from the fifth century BC, in Plato’s Cratylus, where Socrates says: “If we hadn’t a voice or a tongue, and wanted to express things to one another, wouldn’t we try to make signs by moving our hands, head, and the rest of our body, just as dumb people do at present?”[Source: Wikipedia]. Technology is far more developed(advanced) than time then. Now, we can detect what the deaf and mute person is saying just by recording the same and comparing it with predefined datasets, revealing what the individual is trying to accomplish. In this paper, we have proposed a solution by which we can help disabled people, people who are Deaf, Dumb, or Blind by providing them a new technological eye, ear, and brain. Machine learning algorithms are used for object detection to provide the eye for the blind. Speech to text conversion to aid the deaf and text to speech conversion to aid the dumb while communicating. The amalgamation of all these technologies with IOT technologies will help resolve the issues related to these differently abled people.
Frequency Reconfigurable elliptical microstrip patch antenna using resonator, partial removal in the ground, and PIN diode for L and C band applications
Authors: Amarnatha Sarma Ch. , Inthiyaz Syed , Madhav B T P , Sree Lakshmi P 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this proposal a frequency reconfigurable elliptical patch antenna is proposed for L and C and application. A PIN diode with resonator is used to get the frequency switching. It has its bandwidths of 2 GHz and 2.5 GHz respectively in L and C bands when diode is OFF and band width of 3.7GHz in C band when diode is ON. The proposed model is simulated using commercial RF tool-HFSS. The substrate used in simulation is economical FR4 with 4.2 dielectric constant value and 1.6mm height having dimensions 40mm X 42mm in which the patch is 20mm X 40mm. The return loss (S11), VSWR, radiation pattern, E and H plane field strengths are obtained and the constructive simulated results mentioned, which are show the switching in frequency operation.
A novel ultra-low power 7T full adder design using mixed logic
Authors: Siva Kumar M , Inthiyaz Syed , Muzammil Parvez M , Chaithanya Chowdary P , Bhanu Kiran M , khan Pathan Karim 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The key point is to design and implementation of the full adder which provides high-speed, Power efficiency and leas area with good voltage swing”.
Where the term ‘Novel’ indicates that If something is so new, genuine and original that it had never been seen, used or even thought of before, call it is considered as ‘novel’ and ‘Ultra low power’ indicates that with the minimal amount of system power is enough for performing the respective operation of its own. In this article, a new High Performance and low power full adder utilizing a distinctive design "Mixed Logic Design" is recommended in implementation. The mixed - logic design combines Modified Gate diffusion input (MGDI) Transmission Gate Logic (TGL), Static CMOS logic, Pass transistor logic(PTL )and various logics which requires the recommended circuit. Full adder is a digital circuit which performs the sum of bits. In many PC’s and various kinds of microprocessors, adders are utilized in the ALU. The traditional Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) Full adder consisting of 28-Transistors and is built on a traditional Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor structure. GDI technique is low power and high-speed design technique where it takes 10 T.
Gate Diffusion Input is one of the circuit design logics which occupies less area, simulates with high speed and power-efficient technique. It entails less count of transistors as correlated to traditional Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor technology. But the disadvantage with Gate Diffusion Input technique is that it provides an output having poor logic swing after simulation. The Modified-Gate diffusion input (MGDI ) technique rectifies this issue by implementing FA with 8T.
But we are implementing another alternative “Mixed logic design” (combining the GDI, CMOS, TGL, etc logics ) and designing the Circuit with least count of transistors and compare with other unique logics which helps them to simulate the circuit in a power-efficient way and time delay.
Concentric Ring Loaded Monopole Antenna with AMC Backed forWearable Applications
Authors: Madhav B T P , JayantthReddyK  , Vani J , Priyanka R R , Prudhvi Nadh B , Rao M C 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The design of wearable antenna on jeans cloth as a substrate material is used. The antenna consists of circular ring-shaped monopole with smaller circle inside the patch. The designed antenna having dimensions of 35 x 26 x 0.5 mm3. The normal microstrip line feeding is used in the design with patrial ground in the ground structure. The antenna covering the three operating frequency range of 2.6-2.8(LTE/LTE-D) GHz,5.3-5.6 GHz (WLAN) and 6.9-8.8 GHz(X-band). The proposed antenna having the stable radiation in E-plane and H-plane. The antenna provides the gain of 7.19 dBi at 2.75 GHz. The antenna with all this condition is make suitable for the wearable applications.
Design of 32-bit cell-based carry-save combinational multiplier with reduced area and propagation delay
Authors: Suman Shruti , Singh Ngangbam Phalguni , Selvakumar R , Saini Harshita 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In Very Large Scale Integrated (VLSI) and Digital Signal Processing (DSP) applications, a Conventional Combinational Multiplier uses a lot of hardware and propagation delay, and that is one of the main issues. The delay is determined by the ripple carries between the adders. Most techniques used in the combinational multiplier depend on the paper-and-pencil shift-and-add (PPSA) algorithm, which uses ripple carry adder architecture. This paper proposes an architecture called Cell-based Carry-Save Combinational Multiplier (CCCM) that focuses on the propagation delay and area. Each row represents a carry-save adder. The carry outputs are passed to the next row. For validating the proposed architecture, 16x16 multiplication is performed and the overall improvement in the delay is 73.32 % while there is a 3.31 % reduction in the area.
Characterization of Cu47Zr43Al6Y4 metallic glass
Authors: Salčinović Fetić A , Lozančić M , Hrvat K , Đekić M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper presents the research results of a melt-spun Cu47Zr43Al6Y4 metallic glass. Examinations of its surface, chemical composition and electric resistance had previously been performed and published. Characterization was continued by an x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and microhardness measurements. XRD analysis has unambiguously confirmed that the sample is completely amorphous. DSC measurements were performed with different heating rates which made it possible not only to calculate activation energies, but also to analyse the crystallization process itself. Microhardness measurements have been performed on both sides of the sample.
How far have we searched for a dark matter so far
Authors: Kafedžić-Briga A , Džaferović-Mašić E 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Dark matter as one of the cosmos’ ingredients or constituents has been searched for in various experiments. This review presents some of the searches for dark matter while focusing on the LHC mainly. In order to present various searches, it describes theoretical models followed by experimental verification. Since there are three types of searches, among which most significant are direct and indirect ones, we will give an overview and short comparison between the two, with an emphasis on the advantages and disadvantages of collider and non-collider searches. This review brings an argumentative approach for the collider’s point of view since searches for dark matter in colliders are veritably ambitious regarding direct and indirect Dark Matter detection methods. LHC starts its Run 3 in 2021, and here we present results from the ATLAS experiment from Run 2 and bring some theoretical expectations from LHC in Run 3.
Prospects for the development of the concept of a safe nuclear reactor BREST of maximum limiting power for nuclear energetics of the middle of the XXI century
Authors: Okunev V S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In Russia (JSC NIKIET) a project of a fast reactor BREST-1200 is being developed. The article analyzes the safety of the BREST reactor with maximum limiting power (BREST-2000, -2400). In BREST reactors with an electric power of 1200 MW and more, the void reactivity effect of can be positive. The most dangerous scenario is associated with the entrainment of bubbles into the central part of the core (with a volume fraction of bubbles of 50 … 60%). In this case, the magnitude of the void reactivity effect is several times higher than the effective fraction of delayed neutrons β. For the BREST-2400 reactor, the maximum void reactivity effect is about 7 β (for BREST-2000, about 6 β). When other ATWS are implemented against the background of erosion and corrosion of structural steel, the total introduced reactivity can also exceed β, which will lead to an accident. To ensure safety, it is necessary to adjust the design solutions. When used as a coolant, lead extracted from thorium ores (with a concentration of 208Pb isotope from 75 to 98%) and tungsten coatings of fuel claddings, the void reactivity effect is negative even in the BREST-2400 reactor, and when switching to a new cermet fuel (0.8 MN - 0.2 U) it is easy to ensure the safety of the reactor.
High-pressure cylinders of gas-fuel system made of composite materials
Authors: Markin V B , Myagkova N A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Use of gas fuel systems will allow to carry out the ecological tasks facing the Russian automotive industry, it is essential to cut down expenses of consumers on fuel and to increase an engine lifetime. As a basis of such modernization it is necessary to consider development, calculation, a design binding and technological security of production of cylinders of pressure as capacities for the compressed or liquefied natural gas. For the purpose of weight reduction of cylinders the preference is given to the polymeric composite materials using methods of winding of the rein.
Thread turn milling simulation
Authors: Malikov A A , Yamnikova O A , Yamnikov A S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The study shows that the high-performance thread turn-milling process with a synchronous rotation of the helical milling cutter and the workpiece is not widely adopted since there are no reliable methods to estimate the organic thread formation errors. The thread is machined as an envelope curve along the elementary surfaces of each cut shifted along the workpiece axis by a fraction of the thread pitch inversely proportional to the number of the cutter teeth. Domestic and international researchers tried to analytically estimate the thread formation errors at the part face. Such an approach failed to produce acceptable results since thread turn-milling is a three-dimensional process. We analyzed the thread formation errors in 3D using COMPAS 3D CAD system and developed a simulation model. We modelled a reference 3D thread machined on the workpiece; a 3D resulting thread; a single cutter tooth path in the plane perpendicular to the workpiece axis; 3D cut by a single cutter tooth. We also simulated the entire process and made a 3D model of the machining errors by subtracting the reference part geometry from the 3D thread model, and estimated the errors. The results were checked for consistency (max deviations) and acceptability for each dimension. The undercut dimensions were obtained by subtracting the 3D part model from the 3D reference model. Conversely, the overcut dimensions were obtained by subtracting the 3D reference model from the 3D part model.
General principles of studying regularities of biological populations’ dynamics for environmental protection and reclaim
Authors: Kiselev V V , Aleksandrova I N , Tikhonova I N 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Currently the ecological problems, including those arising in the process of environmental protection and sustainable use of resources, are solved within the paradigm of dynamic stability of biological communities in the natural environment. This paradigm is canonic in the ecology, it was formed during almost a century. Materials on the studies of various species populations and their generalizations are presented in books and monographs on the ecology of plants, animals, general ecology. It has almost become a rule in the scientific literature to include the discussion of mathematic modeling methods into the parts on dynamics of various organisms populations. On this way we can find a lot of monographs of domestic and foreign scientists. Populations of forest insects have become especially popular with the scientists completing their comprehensive research which includes building mathematical models and providing suggestions on various corporate actions aimed at environmental protection and reclaim. The forest insects are a rewarding object not only due to their numerosity which makes it possible to apply the apparatus of differential calculus to describe the population (density), discrete mathematics to study the structure of the populations (generations, age groups, sex dimorphism, etc). Different groups of xylophages and phytophagans demonstrate breeding grounds development, pandemic irruptions with unfailing regularity, allow the researcher making controlled experiments and assessing quantitative characteristics of the population and parameters of the animal units cooperation which are so necessary and indispensible for building the mathematical models.