bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial resistance among uropathogens in the Asia-Pacific region: a systematic review
Authors: Sugianli Adhi Kristianto , Ginting Franciscus , Parwati Ida , de Jong Menno D , van Leth Frank , Schultsz Constance 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in urinary tract infections (UTI) is a global public health problem. However, estimates of the prevalence of AMR, required for empirical treatment guidelines, are lacking for many regions.

Objectives
To perform a systematic review and summarize the available information about AMR prevalence among urinary Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, the two priority uropathogens, in the Asia-Pacific region (APAC).

Methods
PubMed, EBSCO and Web of Science databases were searched for articles (2008–20), following PRISMA guidelines. The prevalence of resistance was calculated and reported as point estimate with 95% CI for antimicrobial drugs recommended in WHO treatment guidelines. Data were stratified by country and surveillance approach (laboratory- or population-based surveillance). The quality of included articles was assessed using a modified Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale.

Results
Out of 2400 identified articles, 24 studies, reporting on 11 (26.8%) of the 41 APAC countries, met the inclusion criteria. Prevalence of resistance against trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, and ceftriaxone ranged between 33% and 90%, with highest prevalence reported from Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka and Indonesia. Resistance against nitrofurantoin ranged between 2.7% and 31.4%. Two studies reported data on fosfomycin resistance (1.8% and 1.7%). Quality of reporting was moderate.

Conclusions
We show very high prevalence estimates of AMR against antibiotics commonly used for the empirical treatment of UTI, in the limited number of countries in the APAC for which data are available. Novel feasible and affordable approaches that facilitate population-based AMR surveillance are needed to increase knowledge on AMR prevalence across the region.
Serum Albumin Concentration on Admission as a Predictor of Morbidity and Mortality in Patients With Burn Injuries
Authors: Bandeira Nilmar G , Barroso Marcus Vinícius V S , Matos Marcos Antônio A , Filho Alexandre L M , Figueredo Adson A , Gravina Paula R , Klein Sibele O T 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Efforts have been made to determine new predictors of morbidity and mortality in patients with severe burn injuries. This prospective cohort study aimed to determine the association of serum albumin concentration on admission and renal failure, pulmonary infection, sepsis, and death in patients with burn injuries. We included 141 patients, aged &gt;18 years, who were admitted to our institution between April and August 2018. Among them, 59.1% were male and 83.8% had burns covering &lt;20% of the body surface area. Scalds were the most common cause of burns (34.8%). Twelve patients died, of whom eight (66.6%) had an Abbreviated Burn Severity Index (ABSI) ≥8. Patients with serum albumin ≤2.2 g/dL had a higher mortality rate than those with &gt;2.2 g/dL (odds ratios [OR]: 18.7; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.9 to 70.8). Serum albumin ≤2.2 g/dL was also significantly associated with pulmonary infection (OR: 13.1, 95% CI: 3.8 to 45.7), renal failure (OR: 30.2, 95% CI: 7.4 to 122.3), and sepsis (OR: 16.9, 95% CI: 4.9 to 58.3). Serum albumin concentration cut-points and ABSIs were determined to be death predictors using areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs). The AUCs with albumin or ABSI alone were 0.89 (95% CI: 0.79 to 0.98) and 0.92 (95% CI: 0.87 to 0.96), respectively. The AUC including both albumin and ABSI was 0.96 (95% CI: 0.90 to 0.98), indicating that the combination is a better death predictor than either measure alone. We confirmed that burn patients with a serum albumin concentration ≤2.2 g/dL on admission have substantially increased morbidity and mortality.
Short-Time Work and Unemployment in and after the Great Recession
Authors: Kopp Daniel , Siegenthaler Michael 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe study whether the Swiss short-time work (STW) program reduced unemployment in and after the Great Recession using quarterly establishment-level panel data linking administrative data sources. We compare changes in layoffs into unemployment, employment, and establishment survival between establishments that applied successfully and establishments that applied unsuccessfully for STW at cantonal employment agencies. The unsuccessful establishments provide a valid counterfactual for the successful ones because cantonal approval practices are partly idiosyncratic. We find that STW increases establishment survival and prevents rather than postpones dismissals. The 7,857 establishments treated in 2009 would have dismissed 20,600 additional workers into unemployment (0.47% of the labor force) until 2012. Most workers would have been dismissed in the quarters immediately following the application, and more than a third would have become long-term unemployed. The savings on unemployment benefits may have compensated for the spending on STW benefits.
A One-class Classifier Based on a Hybrid Topology to Detect Faults in Power Cells
Authors: Jove Esteban , Casteleiro-Roca José-Luis , Quintián Héctor , Zayas-Gato Francisco , Vercelli Gianni , Calvo-Rolle José Luis 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The use of batteries became essential in our daily life in electronic devices, electric vehicles and energy storage systems in general terms. As they play a key role in many devices, their design and implementation must follow a thorough test process to check their features at different operating points. In this circumstance, the appearance of any kind of deviation from the expected operation must be detected. This research deals with real data registered during the testing phase of a lithium iron phosphate—LiFePO4—battery. The process is divided into four different working points, alternating charging, discharging and resting periods. This work proposes a hybrid classifier, based on one-class techniques, whose aim is to detect anomalous situations during the battery test. The faults are created by modifying the measured cell temperature a slight ratio from their real value. A detailed analysis of each technique performance is presented. The average performance of the chosen classifier presents successful results.
Performance of a Rapid Diagnostic Test for Influenza in a Tertiary Military Hospital, Philippines
Authors: Velasco John Mark , Valderama Maria Theresa , Diones Paula Corazon , Navarro Fatima Claire , Develos Maribel , Lopez Ma. Nila , Liao Cynthia , Chua Domingo , Macareo Louis , Fernandez Stefan 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction
It is important to evaluate the performance of existing rapid influenza diagnostic tests (RIDTs) and the factors that can affect performance especially when the circulation dynamics of influenza strains change such as the displacement and replacement of the circulating seasonal influenza strains.

Materials and Methods
Nasal swabs were collected from patients presenting at V Luna Medical Center, Armed Forces of the Philippines Health Service Command, with influenza-like illness (ILI) with one swab tested using Quickvue (QV) influenza A+B RIDT (Quidel) and the other swab tested using the ABI 7500 (Applied Biosystems) real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were estimated. We identified clinical symptoms predictive of influenza subtype and evaluated the independence of QV sensitivity on (1) Cycle threshold (Ct) value, controlling for timing of collection; (2) timing of collection, controlling for Ct value; and (3) Ct value and timing of collection taken together.

Results
Between August 2011 and October 2016, patients presenting with ILI (n = 2333) underwent testing. Quickvue sensitivity across all subtypes was significantly correlated with lower Ct values (higher virus titers) (P &lt;.001) and, except for flu A/H3 (P = .974), was also significantly associated with timing of specimen collection (P &lt;.05). No statistically significant difference was noted in QV sensitivity for Flu A/H3 (P = .130), pandemic H1/N1 (P = .207), Flu A/H3 + pandemic H1/N1 (P = .341), and Flu B (P = .103) across different age groups but sensitivity of QV significantly differed (P &lt;.001) across the different influenza subtypes.

Conclusion
Overall specificity of QV was high across all flu subtypes, but overall sensitivity was low (Flu A/pdm H1) to moderate (Flu A/H3 and Flu B). The findings highlight the need to develop more sensitive influenza RDTs to detect circulating influenza strains and the use of the quadrivalent flu vaccine during the annual influenza vaccination.
Exploring the diversity of double-detonation explosions for Type Ia supernovae: effects of the post-explosion helium shell composition
Authors: Magee M R , Maguire K , Kotak R , Sim S A 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
The detonation of a helium shell on top of a carbon–oxygen white dwarf has been argued as a potential explosion mechanism for Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia). The ash produced during helium shell burning can lead to light curves and spectra that are inconsistent with normal SNe Ia, but may be viable for some objects showing a light-curve bump within the days following explosion. We present a series of radiative transfer models designed to mimic predictions from double-detonation explosion models. We consider a range of core and shell masses, and systematically explore multiple post-explosion compositions for the helium shell. We find that a variety of luminosities and time-scales for early light-curve bumps result from those models with shells containing 56Ni, 52Fe, or 48Cr. Comparing our models to SNe Ia with light-curve bumps, we find that these models can reproduce the shapes of almost all of the bumps observed, but only those objects with red colours around maximum light (B − V ≳ 1) are well matched throughout their evolution. Consistent with previous works, we also show that those models in which the shell does not contain iron-group elements provide good agreement with normal SNe Ia of different luminosities from shortly after explosion up to maximum light. While our models do not amount to positive evidence in favour of the double-detonation scenario, we show that provided the helium shell ash does not contain iron-group elements, it may be viable for a wide range of normal SNe Ia.
Anatomy of noncovalent interactions between the nucleobases or ribose and π-containing amino acids in RNA–protein complexes
Authors: Wilson Katie A , Kung Ryan W , D’souza Simmone , Wetmore Stacey D 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA set of &gt;300 nonredundant high-resolution RNA–protein complexes were rigorously searched for π-contacts between an amino acid side chain (W, H, F, Y, R, E and D) and an RNA nucleobase (denoted π–π interaction) or ribose moiety (denoted sugar–π). The resulting dataset of &gt;1500 RNA–protein π-contacts were visually inspected and classified based on the interaction type, and amino acids and RNA components involved. More than 80% of structures searched contained at least one RNA–protein π-interaction, with π–π contacts making up 59% of the identified interactions. RNA–protein π–π and sugar–π contacts exhibit a range in the RNA and protein components involved, relative monomer orientations and quantum mechanically predicted binding energies. Interestingly, π–π and sugar–π interactions occur more frequently with RNA (4.8 contacts/structure) than DNA (2.6). Moreover, the maximum stability is greater for RNA–protein contacts than DNA–protein interactions. In addition to highlighting distinct differences between RNA and DNA–protein binding, this work has generated the largest dataset of RNA–protein π-interactions to date, thereby underscoring that RNA–protein π-contacts are ubiquitous in nature, and key to the stability and function of RNA–protein complexes.
Neurocognitive impairment, employment, and social status in radiotherapy-treated adult survivors of childhood brain tumors
Authors: Remes Tiina M , Hovén Emma , Ritari Niina , Pohjasniemi Heli , Puosi Riina , Arikoski Pekka M , Arola Mikko O , Lähteenmäki Päivi M , Lönnqvist Tuula R I , Ojaniemi Marja K , Riikonen V Pekka , Sirkiä Kirsti H , Winqvist Satu , Rantala Heikki M J , Harila Marika , Harila-Saari Arja H 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
Little is known of the cognitive functions, employment, and social status in adult survivors of childhood brain tumor (BT). We aimed to determine the long-term neurocognitive profile of radiotherapy-treated adult survivors of childhood BT and the relationship between cognitive functions and employment and social status.

Methods
Neurocognitive profiles of survivors were assessed in a Finnish national cohort of 71 radiotherapy-treated survivors of childhood BT (median follow-up time: 21 years [range: 5-33 years]) using a cross-sectional design. Neurocognitive outcomes were compared to control (n = 45) and normative values. Tumor- and treatment-related data were collected from the patient files. Information on employment and social status was gathered.

Results
Survivors’ (median age: 27 years [range: 16-43 years]) median verbal and performance intelligence quotient (IQ) was 90 (range: 49-121) and 87 (range: 43-119), respectively. The cognitive domains with the greatest impairment were executive functions (median z score, −3.5 SD [range: −25.0 to 1.3 SD]), and processing speed and attention (median z score, −2.5 SD [range: −24.9 to 0.5 SD]). Executive functions were associated with employment, educational level, living independently, having an intimate relationship, and having a driving license. Processing speed and attention were related to educational level, living independently, having an intimate relationship, and having a driving license. Performance IQ was associated with educational level and employment status. Working memory was associated with educational level and living independently.

Conclusions
Radiotherapy-treated adult survivors of childhood BT experience significant neurocognitive impairment, which is associated with difficulties related to employment and social status.
Radiofrequency Ablation for Chronic Posterior Sacroiliac Joint Complex Pain: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Yang Aaron J , Wagner Graham , Burnham Taylor , McCormick Zachary L , Schneider Byron J 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Radiofrequency ablation of the sacral lateral branches targets the innervation of the posterior sacroiliac ligaments and posterior portion of the sacroiliac joint. These structures are also collectively referred to as the posterior sacroiliac joint complex. This review will discuss current diagnostic block paradigms and selection criteria for sacral lateral branch radiofrequency ablation, varying techniques and technologies utilized for sacral lateral branch radiofrequency ablation, and updates on the clinical outcome literature. The current evidence suggests that sacral lateral branch radiofrequency ablation can provide relief for posterior sacroiliac joint complex pain, but the literature is limited by variability in selection criteria, the specific nerves targeted by radiofrequency ablation, and the types of radiofrequency ablation technology and techniques utilized in clinical outcome studies.
Happiness, quality of life and their determinants among people with systemic sclerosis: a structural equation modelling approach
Authors: Santiago Tânia , Santos Eduardo , Duarte Ana Catarina , Martins Patrícia , Sousa Marlene , Guimarães Francisca , Azevedo Soraia , Ferreira Raquel Miriam , Guerra Miguel , Cordeiro Ana , Cordeiro Inês , Pimenta Sofia , Pinto Patrícia , Pinto Ana Margarida , Salvador Maria João , Silva José António P da 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatients’ objectives and experiences must be core to the study and management of chronic diseases, such as SSc. Although patient-reported outcomes are attracting increasing attention, evaluation of the impact of disease on the overall subjective well-being, equivalent to ‘happiness’, is remarkably lacking.ObjectivesTo examine the determinants of happiness and quality of life in patients with SSc, with emphasis on disease features and personality traits.MethodsObservational, cross-sectional multicentre study, including 142 patients, with complete data regarding disease activity, disease impact, personality, health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) and happiness. Structural equation modelling was used to evaluate the association between the variables.ResultsThe results indicated an acceptable fit of the model to the data. Perceived disease impact had a significant negative direct relation with HR-QoL (β = −0.79, P &lt; 0.001) and with happiness (β = −0.52, P &lt; 0.001). Positive personality traits had a positive relation with happiness (β = 0.36, P = 0.002) and an important indirect association upon QoL (β = 0.43) and happiness (β = 0.23). Perceived disease impact is influenced by body image, fatigue and SSc-related disability to a higher degree (β = 0.6–0.7) than by disease activity (β = 0.28) or form (β = 0.17). Impact of disease had a much stronger relation with HR-QoL than with happiness.ConclusionsThe results suggest that treatment strategies targeting not only disease control but also the mitigation of relevant domains of disease impact (body image, fatigue, global disability) may be important to improve patients’ experience of the disease. The reinforcement of resilience factors, such as positive psychological traits, may also play a contributory role towards better patient outcomes.
Toxicological evaluation of aqueous extract of the traditional Chinese formula Qing Hao Gan Cao
Authors: Li Yongchun , Zhang Hui , Chen Shanshan , Zhao Liutao , Wu Jie , Li Pan , Wu Guanlian , Wang Qing , Wu Chunli , Xu Hongde 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Qing Hao Gan Cao (QHGC), a Chinese medicinal formula containing Artemisia annua and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, has been used to treat sunstroke and as an antiviral agent for more than 800 years. It has not previously been subject to a toxicological safety evaluation in acute and subacute (28 days) studies. Therefore, the acute and subacute toxicity of an aqueous extract of QHGC were evaluated in vivo. For the QHGC preparation, the botanical raw materials were crushed into pieces and mixed in the ratio of 10:1 in distilled water for 12 h, then boiling three times for 2 h each time. The three decoctions were mixed and filtered, then spray-dried with hot air at 160°C for 30 min, and stored at room temperature. For the acute toxicity test, 72.0 g/kg of QHGC extract was administered by gavage to male and female mice. Body weight, general observations, and autopsy results were recorded. No mortality or toxicity signs were observed during the studies. For the subacute toxicity test, 4.0, 8.0, or 16.0 g/kg/day of QHGC extract was administered to rats for 28 days. General observations and mortality, body weight, biochemical and hematological parameters, organ weight, and pathological morphology were analyzed. The acute and subacute toxicity studies did not show significant changes in body weight, general observations, hematology and biochemical parameters, organ weight, and liver, spleen, stomach, duodenum, testis, ovary, lung, heart, and kidney histopathological analyses. The consumption of QHGC aqueous extract can be considered safe within the conditions of this study.
Ear and Hearing Care Workforce: Current Status and its Implications
Authors: Kamenov Kaloyan , Martinez Ricardo , Kunjumen Teena , Chadha Shelly 
Published: January 2021

Objective:
This study aimed to provide comprehensive global evidence on the availability of ear and hearing care (EHC) professionals and real-life examples that showcase the impact of workforce shortages on the workload faced by existing professionals.

Methods:
Six sources of data were used to estimate availability of EHC workforce: a scoping literature review, World Health Organization (WHO) National Health Workforce Accounts platform, WHO Member States survey and regional consultations, hearing care organizations survey, and official government statistics. EHC professionals’ workload undertaking common interventions was estimated through the WHO workload indicators of staffing need human resource management tool.

Results:
With data on otolaryngologists from 138, audiologists from 102, speech and language therapists from 124, and teachers of the deaf from 86 countries, this study revealed large gaps in availability of EHC cadres. The majority of countries in the African region had less than one professional in each cadre per million in comparison with most European countries having up to 50 times higher densities. Workload indicators of staffing need calculations revealed the challenging workload faced by existing EHC professionals, with ratios between existing and required staff of 0.01–0.86.

Conclusion:
There is an enormous shortage of EHC professionals and urgent actions are needed to ensure sufficient and equitable access to services. Task sharing, a novel approach for improving access to hearing care alongside the development of new cadres, can be a vital strategy in overcoming the shortage of highly qualified providers in many settings, even in well-resourced health systems, to facilitate equitable access to required EHC services.
Difference in Pain, Complication Rates, and Clinical Outcomes After Suprapatellar Versus Infrapatellar Nailing for Tibia Fractures? A Systematic Review of 1447 Patients
Authors: Bleeker Nils Jan , Reininga Inge H. F. , van de Wall Bryan J. M. , Hendrickx Laurent A. M. , Beeres Frank J. P. , Duis Kaj ten , Doornberg Job N. , Jaarsma Ruurd L. , Kerkhoffs Gino M. M. J. , IJpma Frank F. A. 
Published: January 2021

Objectives:
To assess the effectiveness of suprapatellar (SP)-nailing versus infrapatellar (IP)-nailing of tibia fractures in anterior knee pain, complications (retropatellar chondropathy, infection, and malalignment) and physical functioning and quality of life. A clinical question-driven and thorough systematic review of current literature is provided.

Data source:
PubMed and Embase databases were searched for studies published between 2010 and 2020 relating to SP and IP-nailing of tibia fractures. The study is performed in concordance with PRISMA-guidelines.

Study selection:
Studies eligible for inclusion were randomized controlled trials, prospective and retrospective observational studies reporting on outcomes of interest.

Data extraction:
Data extraction was performed independently by 2 assessors. Methodological quality and risk of bias was assessed according to the guidelines of the McMaster Critical Appraisal.

Data synthesis:
Continuous variables are presented as means with SD and dichotomous variables as frequency and percentages. The weighted mean, standardized weighted mean differences, and 95% confidence interval were calculated. A pooled analysis could not be performed because of differences in outcome measures, time-points, and heterogeneity.

Results:
Fourteen studies with 1447 patients were analyzed. The weighted incidence of anterior knee pain was 29% after SP-nailing and 39% after IP-nailing, without reported significance. There was a significant lower rate of malalignment after the SP-approach (4% vs. 26%) with small absolute differences in all planes. No substantial differences were observed in retropatellar chondropathy, infection, physical functioning, and quality of life.

Conclusions:
This systematic review does not reveal superiority of either technique in any of the respective outcomes of interest. Definitive choice should depend on the surgeon's experience and available resources.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.