bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Mpox in Jakarta, Indonesia During October 2023 to February 2024
Authors: Purnama Tri Bayu , Wagatsuma Keita , Supriadi Supriadi , Salamah Qonita Nur , Tang Julian W. , Saito Reiko 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective
Mpox, a zoonotic disease, has emerged as a significant international public health concern due to an increase in the number of cases diagnosed in non-endemic countries. To support public health response efforts to interrupt Mpox transmission in the community, this study aims to identify epidemiological and clinical aspects of Mpox in Jakarta, Indonesia.

Methods
The study collected Mpox data from the Provincial Health Department in Jakarta, Indonesia, from October 2023 to February 2024. This included the symptom characteristics and demographics of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed and PCR-negative Mpox cases, which were then compared using the χ2 test.

Results
Of the PCR-confirmed total of 58 Mpox cases, most were males (96.6%, 56/58). Of these, 67.2% (39/58) reported recent sexual activity within the 21 days prior to the disease onset date, with 41.4% (24/58) reporting only 1 sexual partner during that period. Among PCR-confirmed Mpox cases, common symptoms included fever (81.1%, 47/58), rash (63.8%, 37/58), and lesions (93.1%, 54/58).

Conclusions
The predominance of male Mpox cases indicates transmission within men who have sex with men (MSM) networks, while higher prevalence among individuals with HIV or syphilis is due to shared behaviors, highlighting the need for surveillance, contact tracing, and targeted public health interventions.
Experiences and needs of unaccompanied irregular migrant minors who arrive in Spain on small boats: A qualitative study
Authors: Berthe-Kone Ousmane , Granero Molina José , Fernández-Sola Cayetano , Jiménez-Lasserrotte María del Mar , Robles-Bello Maria Auxiliadora 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The European Union receives thousands of unaccompanied irregular migrant minors every year, but little is known about their life experiences during the migration process. The aim of this study is to describe their experiences as minors when they arrived in Spain in small boats, which will help to understand their psychosocial and health needs. A descriptive qualitative study was undertaken. In-depth interviews were conducted with 18 unaccompanied irregular migrants (15 men and 3 women) from different African countries with a mean age of 20.05 years (SD = 2.77). Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. Three main themes emerged such as (1) unaccompanied irregular migrant minors: risking it all for a better life; (2) redefining your identity as a means of adaptation and (3) obtaining legal status to avoid deportation. Unaccompanied migrant minors risk their lives on the migration journey, but do not always find better conditions in the destination country. The unaccompanied irregular migrant minors are forced to rebuild their lives at a high cost; they experience rejection from the host society and their culture of origin, which has a negative impact on their physical and psychological health over time.
Impacts of herbicides used for control of invasive Pinus contorta on the potential for reinvasion and germination of restoration species
Authors: Rolando Carol A. , Fields Fiona , Scott Matthew B. , Sapsford Sarah , Paul Thomas S. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractHerbicides that persist in the forest litter and soil following their use for managing invasive plant species may negatively affect restoration efforts as well as minimize reinvasion via their residual phytotoxic activity. This study determined the impact of an herbicide mixture comprising triclopyr, dicamba, picloram, and aminopyralid (TDPA) for the control of dense infestations of a woody invader, Pinus contorta Douglas ex Loudon, on the germination of reinvading P. contorta and three New Zealand native species (Chionochloa rubra Zotov, Nothofagus cliffortiodes (Hook. f.) Oerst., and Leptospermum scoparium J.R. Forst. & G. Forst.) used in restoration. Given the essential role of ectomycorrhizal fungi in facilitating conifer reinvasion, the impact of residual herbicides present in mineral soil on the ectomycorrhizal infection of P. contorta seedling roots was also examined. Germination trials were conducted using intact forest litter–soil cores collected at 27, 112 and 480 d (after herbicide spraying) from sprayed and adjacent unsprayed dense P. contorta infestations. At the same time, mineral soil was also collected for the ectomycorrhizal infection study. Post-spray herbicide residue bound in the litter significantly decreased survival, germination rate, root and shoot growth, and also caused malformation of P. contorta seedlings. Similar results were recorded for native species’ germination; however, overall viability of native seed was poor, resulting in low germination rates. There was no difference in levels of ectomycorrhizal infection rates of P. contorta between treatments. Results indicate residual levels of TDPA herbicide in forest floor litter negatively affect P. contorta reinvasion, native recruitment, and active restoration management. Ectomycorrhizal fungi, however, are unaffected by this herbicide mixture and therefore remain a risk to facilitating reinvasion as residual herbicide declines.
Robust Inference for Generalized Linear Mixed Models: A “Two-Stage Summary Statistics” Approach Based on Score Sign Flipping
Authors: Andreella Angela , Goeman Jelle , Hemerik Jesse , Finos Livio 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Despite the versatility of generalized linear mixed models in handling complex experimental designs, they often suffer from misspecification and convergence problems. This makes inference on the values of coefficients problematic. In addition, the researcher’s choice of random and fixed effects directly affects statistical inference correctness. To address these challenges, we propose a robust extension of the “two-stage summary statistics” approach using sign-flipping transformations of the score statistic in the second stage. Our approach efficiently handles within-variance structure and heteroscedasticity, ensuring accurate regression coefficient testing for 2-level hierarchical data structures. The approach is illustrated by analyzing the reduction of health issues over time for newly adopted children. The model is characterized by a binomial response with unbalanced frequencies and several categorical and continuous predictors. The proposed approach efficiently deals with critical problems related to longitudinal nonlinear models, surpassing common statistical approaches such as generalized estimating equations and generalized linear mixed models.
From high to low: Simulating nondeterminism and state with state
Authors: TANG WENHAO , SCHRIJVERS TOM 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Some effects are considered to be higher level than others. High-level effects provide expressive and succinct abstraction of programming concepts, while low-level effects allow more fine-grained control over program execution and resources. Yet, often it is desirable to write programs using the convenient abstraction offered by high-level effects, and meanwhile still benefit from the optimizations enabled by low-level effects. One solution is to translate high-level effects to low-level ones.
This paper studies how algebraic effects and handlers allow us to simulate high-level effects in terms of low-level effects. In particular, we focus on the interaction between state and nondeterminism known as the local state, as provided by Prolog. We map this high-level semantics in successive steps onto a low-level composite state effect, similar to that managed by Prolog’s Warren Abstract Machine. We first give a translation from the high-level local-state semantics to the low-level global-state semantics, by explicitly restoring state updates on backtracking. Next, we eliminate nondeterminism altogether in favour of a lower-level state containing a choicepoint stack. Then we avoid copying the state by restricting ourselves to incremental, reversible state updates. We show how these updates can be stored on a trail stack with another state effect. We prove the correctness of all our steps using program calculation where the fusion laws of effect handlers play a central role.
Integrated Analysis of Seismic Sources and Structures: Understanding Earthquake Clustering During Hydraulic Fracturing
Authors: Zhang Fangxue , Chen Yunfeng , Wang Ruijia , Yu Hongyu , Chen Hanlin , Liu Fushen , Shi Xuhua 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe distribution of hydraulic‐fracturing‐related seismicity is largely controlled by subsurface structures, yet the physical process that governs the redistribution of injected fluids and stress heterogeneity remains underexplored due to a lack of observational constraints. In this study, we monitored an active hydraulic fracturing (HF) well for two months with a surface nodal array of 60 three‐component stations. We built a high‐resolution catalog comprised of 1369 events (; Mc = −0.2). Their associated seismogenic structures are resolved by seismic reflection data and a 3D velocity model obtained from ambient noise imaging. Earthquakes concentrate near the transition zone between high and low‐velocity structures, with the majority occurring on the high‐velocity side, accompanied by abrupt variations in seismic attributes from reflection data. Particularly, relatively large ( 1.0) earthquakes terminate near the edge of the high‐velocity zone. This distinct interface may represent a geological boundary or strong material property contrast that acts as a physical barrier to rupture propagation and migration of seismic sequence. Locally, two key nearby clusters exhibit distinct characteristics in spatial concentration, focal mechanisms and statistical features. We suggest that variations of structural dimension (i.e., fractures vs. faults) within a complex fault system can dominate the clustering behaviors. Overall, our integrated analysis provides new constraints on mechanical interactions among seismicity, local geological structure, and fluid migration during HF operations.
Impact of Solar Wind Density and Velocity Variations on the Martian Magnetosphere and Ion Escape Process
Authors: Song Yihui , Lu Haoyu , Cao Jinbin , Li Shibang , Wu Xiaoshu , Wang Jianxuan , Chen Nihan , Zhang Xiaoxin , Cao Yuchen , Zhao Jianing 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe dynamic pressure of solar wind, which is determined by both solar wind density and velocity, is a crucial factor influencing the Martian plasma environment. In this study, we employ a multifluid magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model to investigate the distinct effects of variations in solar wind velocity and density on boundary layers and the ion escape process. The simulation results indicate that, when the solar wind dynamic pressure is held constant, an increase in solar wind density leads to a significant expansion of the bow shock (BS) and a slight contraction of the magnetic pile‐up boundary. Under conditions of elevated solar wind density, the electric fields that typically inhibit solar wind penetration weaken, allowing a greater number of solar wind protons to traverse the BS. This results in enhanced energy inputs, leading to increased thermal and magnetic pressures. Consequently, the tailward ion escape flux rises substantially due to the increased planetary ion density associated with the higher solar wind proton density. Furthermore, under these conditions, the magnetic field lines exhibit greater piling‐up, with the interplanetary magnetic field penetrating to lower altitudes within the ionosphere, thereby creating additional tailward transport channels for planetary ions. Additionally, as solar wind density increases, the current sheet shifts toward the dawn side, resulting in a more pronounced asymmetry structure.
The Friction Behavior of Rock‐Ice Avalanches in Relation to Rock‐Ice Segregation: Insights From Flume Physical Experiments
Authors: Fan Xuanmei , Feng Zetao , Ni Tao , Deng Yu , Zhang Jing , Dai Lanxin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractRock‐ice avalanches in cold‐high mountainous regions exhibit remarkably high mobility, frequently resulting in catastrophic consequences. However, the systematic influence of ice on the mobility of rock‐ice avalanches remains poorly understood. This paper addresses this gap by conducting a comprehensive flume experiment in a temperature‐controlled room at −10°C, simulating rock‐ice avalanches and considering variations in rock‐ice particle size ratios and ice contents. Overall mobility and segregation patterns are quantified by analyzing deposition characteristics, while high‐speed cameras capture velocity and segregation features during motion. Our investigation reveals a notable rock‐ice segregation phenomenon that significantly impacts the mobility of the mixture. Building on insights from prior numerical experiments conducted under nearly‐no‐base‐slip conditions (Feng et al., 2023, https://doi.org/10.1029/2023jf007115), our results underscore that the particle segregation simultaneously inﬂuences both internal (bulk) and basal frictions, thereby producing diﬀerent nonlinear impacts on the mobility of the rock‐ice flow. Additionally, an empirical formula is proposed to describe the evolution of the friction coefficient in cases with different rock‐ice particle size ratios and ice contents. These findings have significant implications for predicting runout and assessing the risk of rock‐ice avalanches.
From light sensing to adaptive learning: hafnium diselenide reconfigurable memcapacitive devices in neuromorphic computing
Authors: Alqahtani Bashayr , Li Hanrui , Syed Abdul Momin , El-Atab Nazek 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAdvancements in neuromorphic computing have given an impetus to the development of systems with adaptive behavior, dynamic responses, and energy efficiency characteristics. Although charge-based or emerging memory technologies such as memristors have been developed to emulate synaptic plasticity, replicating the key functionality of neurons—integrating diverse presynaptic inputs to fire electrical impulses—has remained challenging. In this study, we developed reconfigurable metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors (MOSCaps) based on hafnium diselenide (HfSe2). The proposed devices exhibit (1) optoelectronic synaptic features and perform separate stimulus-associated learning, indicating considerable adaptive neuron emulation, (2) dual light-enabled charge-trapping and memcapacitive behavior within the same MOSCap device, whose threshold voltage and capacitance vary based on the light intensity across the visible spectrum, (3) memcapacitor volatility tuning based on the biasing conditions, enabling the transition from volatile light sensing to non-volatile optical data retention. The reconfigurability and multifunctionality of MOSCap were used to integrate the device into a leaky integrate-and-fire neuron model within a spiking neural network to dynamically adjust firing patterns based on light stimuli and detect exoplanets through variations in light intensity.
Impact of lymph node metastasis on immune microenvironment and prognosis in colorectal cancer liver metastasis: insights from multiomics profiling
Authors: Zhang Yueyang , Wu Deng , Zhang Zhen , Ma Jian , Jiao Shuai , Ma Xiaolong , Li Jiangtao , Meng Yongsheng , Zhao Zhixun , Chen Haipeng , Jiang Zheng , Wang Guiyu , Liu Haiyi , Xi Yanfeng , Zhou Haitao , Wang Xishan , Guan Xu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
This study aimed to investigate the prognostic impact of lymph node metastasis (LNM) on patients with colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRLM) and elucidate the underlying immune mechanisms using multiomics profiling.

Methods
We enrolled patients with CRLM from the US Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) cohort and a multicenter Chinese cohort, integrating bulk RNA sequencing, single-cell RNA sequencing and proteomics data. The cancer-specific survival (CSS) and immune profiles of the tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs), primary tumors and liver metastasis were compared between patients with and without LNM. Pathological evaluations were used to assess immune cell infiltration and histological features.

Results
The CRLM patients with LNM had significantly shorter CSS than patients without LNM in two large cohorts. Our results showed that nonmetastatic TDLNs exhibited a greater abundance of immune cells, including CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and CD19+ B cells, whereas metastatic TDLNs were enriched with fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and macrophages. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed elevated levels of CD3+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and CD19+ B cells in nonmetastatic TDLNs. The presence of nonmetastatic TDLNs was associated with enhanced antitumor immune responses in primary tumors, characterized by a higher Klintrup–Makinen (KM) grade and the presence of tertiary lymphoid structures. Furthermore, liver metastasis in patients with nonmetastatic TDLNs were predominantly of the desmoplastic growth pattern (dHGP), while those with metastatic TDLNs were predominantly of the replacement growth pattern (rHGP).

Conclusions
This research highlights the adverse prognostic impact of LNM on patients with CRLM and reveals potential related mechanisms through multiomics analysis. Our research paves the way for further refinement of the AJCC TNM staging system for CRLM in clinical practice.
Endothelial-Ercc1 DNA repair deficiency provokes blood-brain barrier dysfunction
Authors: Hansen Cathrin E. , Vacondio Davide , van der Molen Lennart , Jüttner Annika A. , Fung Wing Ka , Karsten Manon , van het Hof Bert , Fontijn Ruud D. , Kooij Gijs , Witte Maarten E. , Roks Anton J. M. , de Vries Helga E. , Mulder Inge , de Wit Nienke M. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAging of the brain vasculature plays a key role in the development of neurovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, thereby contributing to cognitive impairment. Among other factors, DNA damage strongly promotes cellular aging, however, the role of genomic instability in brain endothelial cells (EC) and its potential effect on brain homeostasis is still largely unclear. We here investigated how endothelial aging impacts blood-brain barrier (BBB) function by using excision repair cross complementation group 1 (ERCC1)-deficient human brain ECs and an EC-specific Ercc1 knock out (EC-KO) mouse model. In vitro, ERCC1-deficient brain ECs displayed increased senescence-associated secretory phenotype expression, reduced BBB integrity, and higher sprouting capacities due to an underlying dysregulation of the Dll4-Notch pathway. In line, EC-KO mice showed more P21+ cells, augmented expression of angiogenic markers, and a concomitant increase in the number of brain ECs and pericytes. Moreover, EC-KO mice displayed BBB leakage and enhanced cell adhesion molecule expression accompanied by peripheral immune cell infiltration into the brain. These findings were confined to the white matter, suggesting a regional susceptibility. Collectively, our results underline the role of endothelial aging as a driver of impaired BBB function, endothelial sprouting, and increased immune cell migration into the brain, thereby contributing to impaired brain homeostasis as observed during the aging process.
Neurotensin-neurotensin receptor 2 signaling in adipocytes suppresses food intake through regulating ceramide metabolism
Authors: Fu Wei , Lai Yuanting , Li Kexin , Yang Yue , Guo Xiao , Gong Qifan , Zhou Xiaofeng , Zhou Liying , Liu Cenxi , Zhang Zhi , So Jisun , Zhang Yufeng , Huang Lin , Lu Guangxing , Yi Chuanyou , Wang Qichu , Fan Chenyu , Liu Chao , Wang Jiaxing , Yu Haiyi , Zhao Yimin , Huang Tao , Roh Hyun Cheol , Liu Tiemin , Tang Huiru , Qi Jianping , Xu Ming , Zheng Yan , Huang He , Li Jin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Neurotensin (NTS) is a secretory peptide produced by lymphatic endothelial cells. Our previous study revealed that NTS suppressed the activity of brown adipose tissue via interactions with NTSR2. In the current study, we found that the depletion of Ntsr2 in white adipocytes upregulated food intake, while the local treatment of NTS suppressed food intake. Our mechanistic study revealed that suppression of NTS-NTSR2 signaling enhanced the phosphorylation of ceramide synthetase 2, increased the abundance of its products ceramides C20–C24, and downregulated the production of GDF15 in white adipose tissues, which was responsible for the elevation of food intake. We discovered a potential causal and positive correlation between serum C20–C24 ceramide levels and human food intake in four populations with different ages and ethnic backgrounds. Together, our study shows that NTS-NTSR2 signaling in white adipocytes can regulate food intake via its direct control of lipid metabolism and production of GDF15. The ceramides C20–C24 are key factors regulating food intake in mammals.
Modern biology of extrachromosomal DNA: A decade-long voyage of discovery
Authors: Yang Qing-Lin , Xie Yipeng , Qiao Kailiang , Lim Jun Yi Stanley , Wu Sihan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractGenomic instability is a hallmark of cancer and is a major driving force of tumorigenesis. A key manifestation of genomic instability is the formation of extrachromosomal DNAs (ecDNAs) — acentric, circular DNA molecules ranging from 50 kb to 5 Mb in size, distinct from chromosomes. Ontological studies have revealed that ecDNA serves as a carrier of oncogenes, immunoregulatory genes, and enhancers, capable of driving elevated transcription of its cargo genes and cancer heterogeneity, leading to rapid tumor evolution and therapy resistance. Although ecDNA was documented over half a century ago, the past decade has witnessed a surge in breakthrough discoveries about its biological functions. Here, we systematically review the modern biology of ecDNA uncovered over the last ten years, focusing on how discoveries during this pioneering stage have illuminated our understanding of ecDNA-driven transcription, heterogeneity, and cancer progression. Furthermore, we discuss ongoing efforts to target ecDNA as a novel approach to cancer therapy. This burgeoning field is entering a new phase, poised to reshape our knowledge of cancer biology and therapeutic strategies.
Globally scalable glacier mapping by deep learning matches expert delineation accuracy
Authors: Maslov Konstantin A. , Persello Claudio , Schellenberger Thomas , Stein Alfred 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAccurate global glacier mapping is critical for understanding climate change impacts. Despite its importance, automated glacier mapping at a global scale remains largely unexplored. Here we address this gap and propose Glacier-VisionTransformer-U-Net (GlaViTU), a convolutional-transformer deep learning model, and five strategies for multitemporal global-scale glacier mapping using open satellite imagery. Assessing the spatial, temporal and cross-sensor generalisation shows that our best strategy achieves intersection over union >0.85 on previously unobserved images in most cases, which drops to >0.75 for debris-rich areas such as High-Mountain Asia and increases to >0.90 for regions dominated by clean ice. A comparative validation against human expert uncertainties in terms of area and distance deviations underscores GlaViTU performance, approaching or matching expert-level delineation. Adding synthetic aperture radar data, namely, backscatter and interferometric coherence, increases the accuracy in all regions where available. The calibrated confidence for glacier extents is reported making the predictions more reliable and interpretable. We also release a benchmark dataset that covers 9% of glaciers worldwide. Our results support efforts towards automated multitemporal and global glacier mapping.