bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Women and #MeToo in Italy: Internalized sexualization is associated with tolerance of sexual harassment and negative views of the #MeToo movement
Authors: Moscatelli Silvia , Golfieri Francesca , Tomasetto Carlo , Bigler Rebecca S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAs a consequence of exposure to sexualized messages, girls and women may internalize the belief that sexual attractiveness to men is an important aspect of their identity. Whereas research on internalized sexualization has mainly focused on its consequences for girls’ well-being and academic outcomes, the present study (N = 222, women, aged 20 to 29) examined whether internalized sexualization is related to sexist attitudes and tolerance of sexual harassment among young women. It also analyzed internalized sexualization’ links to women’s views of notorious sexual abuse allegations in the so-called Weinstein scandal and attitudes towards the #MeToo movement, a campaign aimed at combatting sexual harassment and sexual assault. The study was conducted in Italy, a context characterized by pervasive sexualized messages and diffuse criticism against the #MeToo movement. The findings showed that internalized sexualization was associated with stronger endorsement of sexist attitudes and higher acceptance of sexual harassment myths, which worked as sequential mediators of skepticism towards sexual abuse allegations in the Weinstein scandals. Endorsement of sexist attitudes mediated the relation between internalized sexualization and negative attitudes towards the #MeToo movement. This study extends the knowledge on the correlates of sexualization, suggesting that women’s internalization of the belief that they should be sexually attractive to men might contribute to reinforce ideologies and attitudes that perpetrate women’s mistreatment while diminishing support for social activism on women’s behalf.
Single and Cross-Disorder Detection for Autism and Schizophrenia
Authors: Wawer Aleksander , Chojnicka Izabela , Okruszek Lukasz , Sarzynska-Wawer Justyna 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDetection of mental disorders from textual input is an emerging field for applied machine and deep learning methods. Here, we explore the limits of automated detection of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia (SCZ). We compared the performance of: (1) dedicated diagnostic tools that involve collecting textual data, (2) automated methods applied to the data gathered by these tools, and (3) psychiatrists. Our article tests the effectiveness of several baseline approaches, such as bag of words and dictionary-based vectors, followed by a machine learning model. We employed two more refined Sentic text representations using affective features and concept-level analysis on texts. Further, we applied selected state-of-the-art deep learning methods for text representation and inference, as well as experimented with transfer and zero-shot learning. Finally, we also explored few-shot methods dedicated to low data size scenarios, which is a typical problem for the clinical setting. The best breed of automated methods outperformed human raters (psychiatrists). Cross-dataset approaches turned out to be useful (only from SCZ to ASD) despite different data types. The few-shot learning methods revealed promising results on the SCZ dataset. However, more effort is needed to explore the approaches to efficiently training models, given the very limited amounts of labeled clinical data. Psychiatry is one of the few medical fields in which the diagnosis of most disorders is based on the subjective assessment of a psychiatrist. Therefore, the introduction of objective tools supporting diagnostics seems to be pivotal. This paper is a step in this direction.
Prediction Error-Driven Memory Consolidation for Continual Learning: On the Case of Adaptive Greenhouse Models
Authors: Schillaci Guido , Schmidt Uwe , Miranda Luis 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis work presents an adaptive architecture that performs online learning and faces catastrophic forgetting issues by means of an episodic memory system and of prediction-error driven memory consolidation. In line with evidence from brain sciences, memories are retained depending on their congruence with the prior knowledge stored in the system. In this work, congruence is estimated in terms of prediction error resulting from a deep neural model. The proposed AI system is transferred onto an innovative application in the horticulture industry: the learning and transfer of greenhouse models. This work presents models trained on data recorded from research facilities and transferred to a production greenhouse.
Delay compensation based controller for rotary electrohydraulic servo system
Authors: Omar Zakarya , Wang Xingsong , Hussain Khalid , Yang Mingxing 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe typical power-assisted hip exoskeleton utilizes rotary electrohydraulic actuator to carry out strength augmentation required by many tasks such as running, lifting loads and climbing up. Nevertheless, it is difficult to precisely control it due to the inherent nonlinearity and the large dead time occurring in the output. The presence of large dead time fires undesired fluctuation in the system output. Furthermore, the risk of damaging the mechanical parts of the actuator increases as these high-frequency underdamped oscillations surpass the natural frequency of the system. In addition, system closed-loop performance is degraded and the stability of the system is unenviably affected. In this work, a Sliding Mode Controller enhanced by a Smith predictor (SMC-SP) scheme that counts for the output delay and the inherent parameter nonlinearities is presented. SMC is utilized for its robustness against the uncertainty and nonlinearity of the servo system parameters whereas the Smith predictor alleviates the dead time of the system’s states. Experimental results show smoother response of the proposed scheme regardless of the amount of the existing dead time. The response trajectories of the proposed SMC-SP versus other control methods were compared for a different predefined dead time.
Method for evaluation of the cleanliness grade of coal resources in the Huainan Coalfield, Anhui, China: a case study
Authors: Hu Guangqing , Liu Guijian , Wu Dun , Zhang Wenyong , Fu Biao 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBased on analysis of a large data set and supplementary sampling and analysis for hazardous trace elements in coal samples from the Huainan Coalfield, a generalized contrast-weighted scale index method was used to establish a model to evaluate the grade of coal cleanliness and its regional distribution in the main coal seam (No. 13-1) The results showed that: (1) The contents of Cr, Mn and Ni in the coal seam are relatively high and the average values are greater than 20 μg/g. The contents of Se and Hg are at a high level while most other trace elements are at normal levels. (2) The cleanliness grade of the coal seam is mainly grade III–IV, which corresponds to a relatively good-medium coal cleanliness grade. However, some parts of the seam are at grade V (relatively poor coal cleanliness). (3) Coal of relatively good cleanliness grade (grade III) is distributed mainly in the regions corresponding to the Zhuji-Dingji-Gubei coal mines and in the eastern periphery of the Panji coal mine. Coal of medium cleanliness (grade IV) is distributed mainly in the regions of the Panji-Xiejiaji and Kouzidong coalmines. Relatively poor grade coal (grade V) is distributed in the southwest regions of the coalfield and the contents of Cr, As and Hg in coal collected from the relatively poor coal cleanliness regions often exceed the regulatory standards for the maximum concentration limits.
Examining the Trainability and Transferability of Working-Memory Gating Policies
Authors: Sabah Katrina , Meiran Nachshon , Dreisbach Gesine 
Published: January 2021

AbstractInternal working memory (WM) gating control policies have been suggested to constitute a critical component of task-sets that can be learned and transferred to very similar task contexts (Bhandari and Badre (Cognition, 172, 33–43, 2018). Here, we attempt to expand these findings, examining whether such control policies can be also trained and transferred to other untrained cognitive control tasks, namely to task switching and AX-CPT. To this end, a context-processing WM task was used for training, allowing to manipulate either input (i.e., top-down selective entry of information into WM) or output (i.e., bottom-up selective retrieval of WM) gating control policies by employing either a context-first (CF) or context-last (CL) task structure, respectively. In this task, two contextual cues were each associated with two different stimuli. In CF condition, each trial began with a contextual cue, determining which of the two subsequent stimuli is target relevant. In contrast, in the CL condition the contextual cue appeared last, preceded by a target and non-target stimulus successively. Participants completed a task switching baseline assessment, followed by one practice and six training blocks with the WM context-processing training task. After completing training, task-switching and AX-CPT transfer blocks were administrated, respectively. As hypothesized, compared to CL training condition, CF training led to improved task-switching performance. However, contrary to our predictions, training type did not influence AX-CPT performance. Taken together, the current results provide further evidence that internal control policies are (1) inherent element of task-sets, also in task switching and (2) independent of S-R mappings. However, these results need to be cautiously interpreted due to baseline differences in task-switching performance between the conditions (overall slower RTs in the CF condition). Importantly though, our results open a new venue for the realm of cognitive enhancement, pointing here for the first time to the potential of control policies training in promoting wider transfer effects.
Impending Blindness by Obstructive Hydrocephalus Intractable to Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy: Case Report
Authors: Shirasaka Nobuo , Yasuda Muneyoshi , Takeuchi Kazuhito , Ito Keisuke , Funai Mikiko , Maruga Yohei , Totsuka Takeaki , Hasegawa Yoshihito , Miyasaki Akihiro , Negoro Makoto 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEndoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) has been accepted for obstructive hydrocephalus (OH). We herein present a case of OH and optic nerve sheath edema (ONSE). Although ETV was successful, ONSE worsened. Discussion is focused on the relationship among intracranial hypertension (IH), ETV, and ONSE. The patient was a 19-year-old woman with complaints of headache and emesis. Papilledema was prominent. Radiological examination showed OH as an aqueductal tumor. Endoscopic tumorectomy and ETV were accomplished. Although headache and emesis disappeared, papilledema persisted. On the 4th day, the patient lost light perception. On magnetic resonance imaging, the third ventricular stroma and aqueduct were patent. Nevertheless, ONSE was prominent. After lumbar drainage, her vision was restored. Finally, ventriculoperitoneal shunting was performed, following which ONSE disappeared. IH is not always accompanied by ONSE. However, once it occurs, it may act separately from IH, and ETV may even exacerbate ONSE due to alteration of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow into the chiasmatic cistern. In the optic nerve sheath, CSF pressure is not easily transmitted across different areas; this should explain the dissociation between ONSE and other symptoms of IH. Furthermore, we suggest that ONSE and acute optic dysfunction should be considered an independent crisis as “hydronervus opticus.”
Influence of slide burnishing process on the surface characteristics of precipitation hardenable steel
Authors: Sachin B. , Rao Charitha M. , Naik Gajanan M. , Puneet N. P. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe surface integrity of the material is the predominant necessity of a component to perform efficiently in varying working conditions. To improve the surface integrity of the workpiece secondary finishing processes are being performed. This work attempts to propose a realistic cryogenic slide burnishing condition for improvement of the surface integrity. The slide burnishing was performed by a novel slide burnishing tool on 17–4 precipitation hardenable stainless steel. The experiment was designed based on a central composite design. Initially, the effect of control parameters on the output response was examined by experimental analysis based on the design of experiment. Analysis of variance was used to analyze the influence of the variables on the performance indices. The regression technique was used to develop an empirical model. Optimization of process parameters for finding minimum surface roughness and maximum surface hardness was achieved by a multi-objective genetic algorithm. The optimized solutions were validated by performing confirmation experiments.
Historical Legacies of Communism
Authors: Libman Alexander , Obydenkova Anastassia V. 
Published: January 2021

Libman and Obydenkova reveal how legacies of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) have survived in the politics, economic development, culture, and society of post-Communist regions in the 21st Century. The authors show how this impact is not driven by Communist ideology but by the clientelistic practices, opportunism and cynicism prevalent in the CPSU. Their study is built on a novel dataset of the CPSU membership rates in Russian regions in the 1950s-1980s, alongside case studies, interviews and an analysis of mass media previously only available in Russian and discussed here in English for the first time. It will appeal to students and scholars of Russian and Eastern European politics and history, and anyone who wants to better understand countries which live or have lived through Communism: from Eastern Europe to China and East Asian Communist states.
The Impact on National Sovereignty of Mutual Recognition in the AFSJ. Case-Study of the European Arrest Warrant
Authors: Bloks Suzanne Andrea , van den Brink Ton 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNational sovereignty has been the key consideration for basing judicial cooperation in the European Union on mutual recognition. More than one decade after the creation of the Area of Freedom Security and Justice (AFSJ), this contribution assesses whether mutual recognition-based EU legislation in civil and criminal law indeed respects national sovereignty. To this end, it studies the Framework decision on the European Arrest Warrant (EAW), the EU’s flagship instrument in the AFSJ. We distinguish two elements of national sovereignty: (a) the protection of the State and its basic structures (its statehood); (b) the State’s values, principles and fundamental rights (its statehood principles), and assess the EAW from a dynamic perspective: from its initial inception, in which mutual trust primarily implied little interferences with the laws and practices of issuing states, to the current state of affairs which is marked by what could be called a ‘mutual trust supported by harmonization’- approach. Especially in the judge-driven harmonization of the EAW and the dialogue between judicial authorities we witness important (and oftentimes overlooked) elements that impact national sovereignty. At the end, the findings of the article are put in the context of the current rule of law crisis in the EU.
Applying meta-analysis to research on bilingualism: An introduction
Authors: Plonsky Luke , Sudina Ekaterina , Hu Yuhang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMeta-analysis overcomes a number of the limitations of traditional literature reviews (Norris & Ortega, 2006). Consequently, the use of meta-analysis as a synthetic technique has been applied across a range of scientific disciplines in recent decades. This paper seeks to formally introduce the potential of meta-analysis to the field of bilingualism. In doing so, we first describe a number of advantages to the meta-analytic approach such as greater systematicity, objectivity, and transparency relative to narrative reviews. We also outline the major stages in conducting a meta-analysis, highlighting critical considerations encountered at each stage. These include (a) domain definition, (b) coding scheme development and implementation, (c) analysis, and (d) interpretation. The focus, however, is on providing a conceptual introduction rather than a full-length tutorial. Meta-analyses in bilingualism and nearby fields are referred to throughout in order to illustrate the points being made.
Predictors of households at risk for food insecurity in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Lauren Brianna N , Silver Elisabeth R , Faye Adam S , Rogers Alexandra M , Woo-Baidal Jennifer A , Ozanne Elissa M , Hur Chin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjective:To examine associations between sociodemographic and mental health characteristics with household risk for food insecurity during the COVID-19 outbreak.Design:Cross-sectional online survey analysed using univariable tests and a multivariable logistic regression model.Setting:The United States during the week of 30 March 2020.Participants:A convenience sample of 1965 American adults using Amazon’s Mechanical Turk platform. Participants reporting household food insecurity prior to the pandemic were excluded from analyses.Results:One thousand two hundred and fifty participants reported household food security before the COVID-19 outbreak. Among this subset, 41 % were identified as at risk for food insecurity after COVID-19, 55 % were women and 73 % were white. On a multivariable analysis, race, income, relationship status, living situation, anxiety and depression were significantly associated with an incident risk for food insecurity. Black, Asian and Hispanic/Latino respondents, respondents with an annual income <$100 000 and those living with children or others were significantly more likely to be newly at risk for food insecurity. Individuals at risk for food insecurity were 2·60 (95 % CI 1·91, 3·55) times more likely to screen positively for anxiety and 1·71 (95 % CI 1·21, 2·42) times more likely to screen positively for depression.Conclusions:An increased risk for food insecurity during the COVID-19 pandemic is common, and certain populations are particularly vulnerable. There are strong associations between being at risk for food insecurity and anxiety/depression. Interventions to increase access to healthful foods, especially among minority and low-income individuals, and ease the socioemotional effects of the outbreak are crucial to relieving the economic stress of this pandemic.
Socio-economic and racial/ethnic disparities in the nutritional quality of packaged food purchases in the USA, 2008–2018
Authors: Lacko Allison M , Maselko Joanna , Popkin Barry , Ng Shu Wen 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjective:To determine whether disparities exist in the nutritional quality of packaged foods and beverage purchases by household income, education and race/ethnicity and if they changed over time.Design:We used Nielsen Homescan, a nationally representative household panel, from 2008 to 2018 (n= 672 821 household-year observations). Multivariate, multilevel regressions were used to model the association between sociodemographic groups and a set of nutritional outcomes of public health interest, including nutrients of concern (sugar, saturated fat and Na) and calories from specific food groups (fruits, non-starchy vegetables, processed meats, sugar-sweetened beverages and junk foods).Setting:Household panel survey.Participants:Approximately 60 000 households each year from the USA.Results:Disparities were found by income and education for most outcomes and widened for purchases of fruits, vegetables and the percentage of calories from sugar between 2008 and 2018. The magnitude of disparities was largest by education. Disparities between Black and White households include the consumption of processed meats and the percentage of calories from sugar, while no disparities were found between White and Hispanic households. Disparities have been largely persistent, as any significant changes over time have been substantively small.Conclusions:Policies to improve the healthfulness of packaged foods must be expanded beyond SSB taxes, and future research should focus on what mediates the relationship between education and diet so as not to exacerbate disparities.
Factors associated with the consumption of table salt with inadequate iodine concentrations: a population analysis at a Peruvian household level
Authors: Hernández-Vásquez Akram , Vargas-Fernández Rodrigo , Azañedo Diego 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjective:Iodine deficiency is a public health problem, especially in Peru, where it affects women of childbearing age and school-age children. The objective of the study was to conduct a household-level analysis of the factors associated with the consumption of table salt with inadequate amounts of iodine in Peru.Design:Analytical cross-sectional study using Peruvian household-level data from the Demographic and Family Health Survey. Table salt iodine concentrations were considered as the dependent variable (‘inadequate’ with iodine levels <30 PPM and ‘adequate’ with levels ≥30 PPM). The association between iodine concentrations in salt and independent variables was evaluated using crude and adjusted log-binomial regression models.Setting:Peru.Participants:A total of 25 007 households were included.Results:In Peru, 21·8 % households had inadequate table salt iodine concentrations. Belonging to the poorer and poorest wealth index, living in the Highlands natural region, and living with women of childbearing age with native mother tongue were identified as factors associated with inadequate iodine concentrations in table salt.Conclusions:There is an urgent need to ensure that table salt with adequate iodine concentrations is available for poor populations, residents of the Highlands and households with ethnic presence. Likewise, it is necessary to promote good storage practices, greater regulation/law enforcement and better monitoring of the companies that manufacture or sell this product. Furthermore, the population needs to be informed of the disorders associated with iodine deficiency.