bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Add the Finishing Touch: Molecular Engineering of Conjugated Small Molecule for High‐Performance AIE Luminogen in Multimodal Phototheranostics
Authors: Li Dan , Li Youmei , Wu Qian , Xiao Peihong , Wang Lei , Wang Dong , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPhototheranostics based on luminogens with aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) characteristics is captivating increasing research interest nowadays. However, AIE luminogens are inherently featured by inferior absorption coefficients (ε) resulting from the distorted molecular geometry. Besides, molecular innovation of long‐wavelength light‐excitable AIE luminogens with highly efficient phototheranostic outputs is an appealing yet significantly challenging task. Herein, on the basis of a fused‐ring electron acceptor–donator–acceptor (A–D–A) type molecule (IDT) with aggregation‐caused quenching (ACQ) properties, molecular engineering smoothly proceeds and successfully yields a novel AIE luminogen (IDT‐TPE) via simply modifying tetraphenylethene (TPE) moieties on the sides of IDT backbone. The AIE tendency endows IDT‐TPE nanoparticles with enhanced fluorescence brightness and far superior fluorescence imaging performance to IDT nanoparticles for mice tumors. Moreover, IDT‐TPE nanoparticles exhibit near‐infrared light‐excitable features with a high ε of 8.9 × 104 m−1 cm−1, which is roughly an order of magnitude higher than that of most previously reported AIE luminogens. Combining with their reactive oxygen species generation capability and extremely high photothermal conversion efficiency (59.7%), IDT‐TPE nanoparticles actualize unprecedented performance in multimodal phototheranostics. This study thus brings useful insights into the development of versatile phototheranostic materials with great potential for practical cancer theranostics.
Time to infer miRNA sponge modules
Authors: Zhang Junpeng , Liu Lin , Xu Taosheng , Zhang Wu , Li Jiuyong , Rao Nini , Le Thuc Duy 
Published: August 2021

AbstractInferring competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) or microRNA (miRNA) sponge modules is a challenging and meaningful task for revealing ceRNA regulation mechanism at the module level. Modules in this context refer to groups of miRNA sponges which have mutual competitions and act as functional units for achieving biological processes. The recent development of computational methods based on heterogeneous data provides a novel way to discern the competitive effects of miRNA sponges on human complex diseases. This article aims to provide a comprehensive perspective of miRNA sponge module discovery methods. We first review the publicly available databases of cancer‐related miRNA sponges, as the miRNA sponges involved in human cancers contribute to the discovery of cancer‐associated modules. Then we review the existing computational methods for inferring miRNA sponge modules. Furthermore, we conduct an assessment on the performance of the module discovery methods with the pan‐cancer dataset, and the comparison study indicates that it is useful to infer biologically meaningful miRNA sponge modules by directly mapping heterogeneous data to the competitive modules. Finally, we discuss the future directions and associated challenges in developing in silico methods to infer miRNA sponge modules.This article is categorized under:
RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Small Molecule‐RNA Interactions
Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Regulatory RNAs
Threat‐Based State and Transition Models Predict Sage‐Grouse Occurrence while Promoting Landscape Conservation
Authors: Doherty Kevin E. , Boyd Chad S. , Kerby Jay D. , Sitz Angela L. , Foster Lee J. , Cahill Matt C. , Johnson Dustin D. , Sparklin Bill D. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTA recent collaboration between federal, state and private partners in southeast Oregon developed mental models to distill complex plant‐based community ecology for management. The mental models were then turned into a simplified, habitat‐classification system that addressed landscape‐level threats to the sagebrush ecosystem. The simplified, habitat‐classification system formed the foundation of Threat‐based State and Transition Models (TBSTM). We quantitatively linked greater sage‐grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus, hereafter sage‐grouse) lek occurrence to a landscape‐level habitat classification based upon the TBSTM framework. We investigated whether TBSTM classifications were able to spatially predict locations of sage‐grouse breeding areas equivalently to landcover variables that have been studied for over a decade. We showed the TBSTM framework was able to predict the locations of sage‐grouse accurately (R2 = 0.70, AUC = 0.91, Correctly Classified = 83%). Model fit statistics were similar to the model built with traditional land cover variables (R2 = 0.65, AUC = 0.89, Correctly Classified = 80%). The high degree of model fit for the TBSTM framework allows conservation practitioners a direct, quantifiable, and biological link to understand outcomes of transitioning habitats from various threat states to sagebrush‐dominated landscapes with a perennial understory across large landscapes. Sage‐grouse are well known to respond to landscape‐level amounts of habitat and exhibit low tolerance to threats. We documented similar responses between threats such as the percentage of conifers within 560‐m and the conifer threat bin at the same spatial scale. Our work also quantified the importance of having a healthy perennial‐grass understory and perennial‐grass patches in conjunction with sagebrush cover across large landscapes. Our work suggests that understory grass communities at landscape scales may be limiting grouse occurrence in certain parts of Oregon. © 2021 The Authors. Wildlife Society Bulletin published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of The Wildlife Society.
‘Choice Is Yours’: Anatomy of a Lesson Plan from University V
Authors: Costello Eamon , Girme Prajakta 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis chapter aims to explore education as posthuman practice via the anatomy of a lesson plan. The lesson is narrated through the methodological device of speculative fiction. It is a fabulation set in the future but with roots that tangle with the past. Dark histories and futures are set to flicker here. Deception, de-identification and datafication lurk everywhere. If you are squeamish, you may wish to read no further. The datafication of people, their reduction to numbers, bytes and, most fatally of all, words, is laid out here in gory detail. If you do wish to read on, however, then you need nothing: just come as you are, and be assured as always that as the reader, choice is yours.
Historical Metamodels of Agency
Authors: Bryant Peter T. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEach major period of civilized humanity exhibits dominant metamodels of agentic form and function, which vary in terms of capability and supportive technology. The chapter identifies three such periods. The first is premodernity, which predates the European Enlightenment and industrialization. It was characterized by stable social systems, in which agentic form and functioning were replicative. Whereas in modernity, capabilities and technologies greatly advance, and the dominant agentic metamodel is one of adaptation and developmental learning. In the contemporary period, a new digitalized agentic metamodel is emerging, reflecting the close collaboration of human and artificial agents as augmented agents. It will be dynamic, generative, and transformative. It also poses new questions and problematics, especially about the supervision of digitalized capabilities and potentialities.
Problem-Solving
Authors: Bryant Peter T. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHuman and artificial agents are both intelligent problem solvers. Therefore, problem-solving will be central to their collaboration. Among notable developments in this domain is the capability for artificial agents to sample and search in a very farsighted fashion, or to be hyperopic, which is the technical term for farsighted vision, the opposite of myopia. This inverts the dominant concern of prior theory, which focuses on limited, bounded capabilities in problem-solving and decision-making. This shift poses significant opportunities and risks for augmented agents. Human processing will likely remain naturally myopic and limited, while artificial processing is increasingly hyperopic and powerful. Given these differences, digitally augmented problem-solving could be extremely divergent and dysfunctional, for example, by sampling and searching in a hyperopic fashion, while guided by persistent human myopia. Alternatively, one agent might dominate the other, leading to extreme convergence and possibly the digital domination of problem-solving.
Cognitive Empathy
Authors: Bryant Peter T. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHuman beings try to interpret and read other minds. This is the process of cognitive empathizing, which can be implicit and intuitive, or explicit and deliberate. The process also qualifies as a form of complex problem-solving, where the focal problem is another person’s mental states. Hence, cognitive empathizing by digitally augmented agents will exhibit the characteristics discussed in the preceding chapter, regarding digitalized problem-solving. It follows, therefore, that augmented agents might combine human myopia and bias, with overly farsighted, artificial sampling and search of other minds. Augmented agents will then misread other minds, often viewing them as unrealistic, irrational, or deviant. This chapter examines the origins and implications of these effects, especially for interpersonal trust and cooperation.
Self-Regulation
Authors: Bryant Peter T. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTo monitor and manage the dilemmas of digitalization, augmented agents must self-regulate in a collaborative fashion. Artificial agents are advancing rapidly in these respects and some are fully self-generative. They are increasingly capable of complex, fast, sensitive self-regulation. In consequence, augmented agents will have the potential for effective self-regulation and self-supervision. However, human self-regulation is often simplified and sluggish and lacks sensitivity. People rely on habit, routine, and docility, and often with good reasons. Yet, as noted, artificial agents are increasingly hyperactive and hypersensitive, compared to humans. When both agents combine, therefore, artificial self-regulatory functioning could be complex, fast, and precise, while human functioning is relatively simple, sluggish, and heuristic. The result could be self-regulatory divergence or convergence and possibly dysfunction. Further implications then follow for self-efficacy, task engagement, and motivational strength.
Self-Generation
Authors: Bryant Peter T. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAutonomous agents are self-generative, meaning they can manage their own development and reproduction without external direction. For artificial agents, self-generation entails the composition of algorithmic systems and metamodels. For humans, it involves the composition of life narratives and identities. That said, many people have few self-generative options because they lack the required resources, opportunities, and capabilities. Digitalization supports remedial efforts in this regard. Digital augmentation strengthens capabilities and expands potentialities. Many people already enjoy these benefits. Yet there is also evidence of the opposite. Some individuals and groups are excluded, while others resist digital augmentation or feel blocked and incapable of absorbing these opportunities. Instead, they either persist with singular, traditional life paths, or flounder in the face of complexity, or surrender choice and submit to digital determination. As this chapter explains, such responses erode self-generation and put human flourishing at risk.
Existence and orbital stability of standing waves to a nonlinear Schrödinger equation with inverse square potential on the half-line
Authors: Csobo Elek 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn our work, we establish the existence of standing waves to a nonlinear Schrödinger equation with inverse-square potential on the half-line. We apply a profile decomposition argument to overcome the difficulty arising from the non-compactness of the setting. We obtain convergent minimizing sequences by comparing the problem to the problem at “infinity” (i.e., the equation without inverse square potential). Finally, we establish orbital stability/instability of the standing wave solution for mass subcritical and supercritical nonlinearities respectively.
Standardized assessment of bone micromorphometry around teeth following orthodontic tooth movement
Authors: Trelenberg-Stoll Viktoria , Wolf Michael , Busch Caroline , Drescher Dieter , Becker Kathrin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Volumetric quantitative analyses of bone micromorphometry changes following orthodontic tooth movements are hardly standardizable. The present study aimed at validating and applying a novel microcomputed tomography (CT)-based approach that enables the segmentation of teeth and definition of a standardized volume of interest (VOI) around the roots to assess local bone micromorphometry.

Methods
The jaws of 3 untreated and 14 orthodontically treated mice (protraction of the upper right molar for 11 days with 0.5 N; untreated left upper molar) were scanned with a micro-CT. The first molars and the alveolar bone were segmented, and a standardized VOI was defined around the teeth. The bone volume per total volume (BV/TV) was assessed within the VOI, and BV/TV values were compared between contralateral sites in both untreated (method validation) and treated animals (method application).

Results
The intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.99 revealed high reliability of the method. In the untreated animals, Bland–Altman analysis confirmed comparable BV/TV fractions (mean difference: −1.93, critical difference: 1.91, Wilcoxon: p = 0.03). In the orthodontically treated animals, BV/TV values were significantly lower at the test compared to the control site (test: 33.23% ± 5.74%, control: 41.33% ± 4.91%, Wilcoxon: p < 0.001).

Conclusion
Within the limits of the study, the novel approach demonstrated the applicability to evaluate bone micromorphometry around teeth subjected to orthodontic treatment.
Epidemiology, classification and treatment of olecranon fractures in adults: an observational study on 2462 fractures from the Swedish Fracture Register
Authors: Brüggemann Anders , Mukka Sebastian , Wolf Olof 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose
This nationwide study aims to describe the epidemiology, fracture classification and current treatment regimens of olecranon fractures in adults.

Methods
We performed a descriptive study based on registered data from the Swedish Fracture Register (SFR). All non-pathological olecranon fractures reported between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2018 in patients aged ≥ 18 years were included. Data on age, sex, injury mechanism, fracture classification (according to the modified Mayo classification system), primary treatment and seasonal variation were analyzed. We compared patients < 65 with those > 65 years regarding injury mechanism, distribution of fracture types and subsequent treatment.

Results
In total, 2462 olecranon fractures were identified in the SFR. Median age was 66 years and 65% were women. Of all fractures, 303 (12%) were proximal avulsion, 1044 (42%) simple central, 717 (29%) comminuted central and 398 (16%) distal olecranon fractures. Nonoperative treatment was performed in 21% of the patients < 65 and 35% of the patients > 65 years. Tension band wiring was used for most simple central fractures. Plate fixation was used in almost half of the operatively treated fractures classified as unstable comminuted central and distal olecranon fractures. Men show a higher proportion of high-energy trauma than women in both age groups.

Conclusion
Isolated fractures of the olecranon occur after a low-energy trauma, especially in older women (> 65 years). Non-operative treatment is common in uncomplicated fractures and operative treatment in more complex fractures nationwide. A shift to plate fixation in the more unstable fracture patterns is observed. These results may help health care providers and clinicians gain a better understanding of isolated olecranon fractures.
An IBD-based mixed model approach for QTL mapping in multiparental populations
Authors: Li Wenhao , Boer Martin P. , Zheng Chaozhi , Joosen Ronny V. L. , van Eeuwijk Fred A. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Key message
The identity-by-descent (IBD)-based mixed model approach introduced in this study can detect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) referring to the parental origin and simultaneously account for multilevel relatedness of individuals within and across families. This unified approach is proved to be a powerful approach for all kinds of multiparental population (MPP) designs.

Abstract
Multiparental populations (MPPs) have become popular for quantitative trait loci (QTL) detection. Tools for QTL mapping in MPPs are mostly developed for specific MPPs and do not generalize well to other MPPs. We present an IBD-based mixed model approach for QTL mapping in all kinds of MPP designs, e.g., diallel, Nested Association Mapping (NAM), and Multiparental Advanced Generation Intercross (MAGIC) designs. The first step is to compute identity-by-descent (IBD) probabilities using a general Hidden Markov model framework, called reconstructing ancestry blocks bit by bit (RABBIT). Next, functions of IBD information are used as design matrices, or genetic predictors, in a mixed model approach to estimate variance components for multiallelic genetic effects associated with parents. Family-specific residual genetic effects are added, and a polygenic effect is structured by kinship relations between individuals. Case studies of simulated diallel, NAM, and MAGIC designs proved that the advanced IBD-based multi-QTL mixed model approach incorporating both kinship relations and family-specific residual variances (IBD.MQMkin_F) is robust across a variety of MPP designs and allele segregation patterns in comparison to a widely used benchmark association mapping method, and in most cases, outperformed or behaved at least as well as other tools developed for specific MPP designs in terms of mapping power and resolution. Successful analyses of real data cases confirmed the wide applicability of our IBD-based mixed model methodology.
The effect of drought stress of sorghum grains on the textural features evaluated using machine learning
Authors: Ropelewska Ewa , Nazari Leyla 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to determine the discriminatory power of textural features to differentiate the sorghum grains subjected to normal, mild deficit, and severe deficit irrigation. The studies were carried out with the use of image processing, discrimination analysis, analysis of variance and cluster analysis using the selected texture parameters calculate for images from individual color channels L, a, b, R, G, B, U, V, S, X, Y and Z. The results indicated that different levels of irrigation can discriminate the sorghum grain with an accuracy of up to about 100%. Most of the genotypes for each level of irrigation were different in the terms of values of textural features and formed separate homogeneous groups. Drought is one of the limiting factors contributing to a decrease in sorghum grain productivity and nutritional quality, especially when it is cultivated in a marginal area. Therefore, low-quality grains produced under water stress should be recognized before they enter into the food and feed chain. The application of image analysis based on textures of sorghum grain images proved to be useful for the discrimination of sorghum grains subjected to drought stress. The applied procedure provided the fast, objective results that may be applied in practice for screening distinguishing the sorghum grains with different irrigation levels.
The importance of Cu ×  Pb interactions to Lentinula edodes yield, major/trace elements accumulation and antioxidants
Authors: Gąsecka Monika , Siwulski Marek , Budzyńska Sylwia , Magdziak Zuzanna , Niedzielski Przemysław , Budka Anna , Kalač Pavel , Mleczek Mirosław 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDue to the use of various substrates
in the production of edible mushrooms which may contain metals, including Cu and Pb, it is important to understand the influence of mutual interactions between them in the process of their accumulation in fruit bodies. For this reason, the effects of Cu, Pb, and Cu × Pb on yield, accumulation of five major elements (Ca, K, Mg, Na and P), trace elements (Cu, Pb and Fe) and some bioactive compounds in Lentinula edodes fruit bodies were studied. Both the metals were added in doses of 0.1 and 0.5 mM (Cu0.1, Cu0.5, Pb0.1, Pb0.5 and their combinations). The addition of the metals resulted in a reduction in size, amount and finally yield of fruit bodies. Depending on the presence of Cu and or Pb and their concentration in the substrate, both antagonism and synergism may occur. The influence on the accumulation of other determining elements was also recorded. Among phenolic compounds, phenolic acids and flavonoids were detected. 2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid dominated in fruit bodies in the control variant, Pb0.1, Pb0.5 and all experimental variants enriched with Cu + Pb, while gallic acid was the major phenolic after Cu0.1 and Cu0.5 addition. Only protocatechuic acid content increased in all combinations. A significant decrease of all aliphatic acid contents in comparison to the control variant was observed in the Cu0.1 and Pb0.1 variants. Significant stimulation of aliphatic acid synthesis was recorded in Cu0.5 and Pb0.5 variants and in the mixture of both the metals. The additions pointed to the possible role of the determined molecules in detoxification mechanisms.
The relationship between acidification (pH) and meat quality traits of polish white breed pigs
Authors: Jankowiak Hanna , Cebulska Aleksandra , Bocian Maria 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe paper presents the results of a study on the relationship between acidification (pH) and standard quality characteristics of the meat of Polish Large White × Polish Landrace pig crossbreds. The meat for the study was obtained from 184 F1Polish Large White × Polish Landrace fatteners from a herd free of the stress-sensitivity gene. The obtained results were analysed in groups formed according to the meat’s measured pH45values (≤ 6.3; 6.3–6.7; > 6.7) and pHuvalues (≤ 5.3; 5.3–5.6; > 5.6). Increasing measured pH45values were paralleled by greater water-holding capacity and plasticity, lower drip loss, darker colour L* as assessed visually and with equipment, and greater content of muscle pigments (P < 0.01) of the evaluated meat. Higher pHuvalues had a more pronounced impact on WHC, free drip loss, tenderness, water content, and colour parameters: a*, b*, chroma C* (P < 0.01), and hue angle ho(P < 0.05). The obtained simple correlations between pH45and pHuacidity and meat-quality characteristics indicate that the measured pH45value was correlated more closely than ultimate acidification (P < 0.01) with visually assessed colour intensity, tactilely assessed meat hardness, colour lightness L* (P < 0.01), hue angle ho(P < 0.05), and muscle pigment content. On the other hand, pHuwas more strongly correlated with water-holding capacity, drip loss, meat tenderness as well as water and protein content (P < 0.01).
Superintegrable Systems on Moduli Spaces of Flat Connections
Authors: Arthamonov S. , Reshetikhin N. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe main result of this paper is the construction of a family of superintegrable Hamiltonian systems on moduli spaces of flat connections on a principalG-bundle on a surface. The moduli space is a Poisson variety with Atiyah–Bott Poisson structure. Among particular cases of such systems are spin generalizations of Ruijsenaars–Schneider models.