bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do contemporary antiretrovirals increase the risk of end‐stage liver disease? Signals from patients starting therapy in the North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design
Authors: Young Jim , Lo Re Vincent , Kim H. Nina , Sterling Timothy R. , Althoff Keri N. , Gebo Kelly A. , Gill M. John , Horberg Michael A. , Mayor Angel M. , Moore Richard D. , Silverberg Michael J. , Klein Marina B. ,   the North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design (NA‐ACCORD) of IeDEA
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposeDespite effective antiretroviral therapy, rates of end‐stage liver disease (ESLD) remain high. It is not clear whether contemporary antiretrovirals contribute to the risk of ESLD.MethodsWe included patients from cohorts with validated ESLD data in the North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design. Patients had to initiate antiretroviral therapy after 1 January 2004 with a nucleos(t)ide backbone of either abacavir/lamivudine or tenofovir/emtricitabine and a contemporary third (anchor) drug. Patients were followed until a first ESLD event, death, end of a cohort's ESLD validation period, loss to follow‐up or 31 December 2015. We estimated associations between cumulative exposure to each drug and ESLD using a hierarchical Bayesian survival model with weakly informative prior distributions.ResultsAmong 10 564 patients included from 12 cohorts, 62 had an ESLD event. Of the nine anchor drugs, boosted protease inhibitors atazanavir and darunavir had the strongest signals for ESLD, with increasing hazard ratios (HR) and narrowing credible intervals (CrI), from a prior HR of 1.5 (95% CrI 0.32–7.1) per 5 year's exposure to posterior HRs respectively of 1.8 (95% CrI 0.82–3.9) and 2.0 (95% CrI 0.86–4.7). Both backbones and efavirenz showed no signal. Hepatitis C coinfection was the most important covariate risk factor (HR 4.4, 95% CrI 2.6–7.0).ConclusionsWhile contemporary antiretrovirals pose less risk for ESLD than hepatitis coinfection, atazanavir and darunavir had a toxicity signal. We show how hierarchical Bayesian modelling can be used to detect toxicity signals in cohort event monitoring data even with complex treatments and few events.
Lasers for compact & fast LIBS systems
Authors: Vasileva Elena , Gatty Mélina Gilbert 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLaser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is an atomic‐emission spectroscopy technique that enables rapid chemical analysis of a wide range of materials, including metals, semiconductors, glasses, biological tissues, plastics, soils, thin and paint coatings. The technique relies on focusing short high‐energy laser pulses onto the surface of a target sample, which in turn generates a plasma containing a small amount of the sample (typically, a few nanograms).
Tomography and lasers meet on a knife's edge
Authors: Aharon Oren 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMany new generation lasers, having a spectrum which is out of the sensitivity response of typical camera detectors require different technologies to be examined. Tomographic knife‐edge technology offers a feasible solution. Multiple knife‐edges scanning from different directions provide beam profiles dependent on scanning angle. By reconstruction techniques used in tomography, an image‐like profile can be reconstructed and analyzed. Various detectors are used to provide a wide spectral range measurement capability.
Laser processing: solutions for industry
Authors: Leyens Christoph , Standfuß Jens , Wetzig Andreas , Brückner Frank , Barbosa Maria , Hauptmann Jan , Lopez Elena , Seifert Marko , Dittrich Dirk , Herwig Patrick , Hillig Holger , Stepien Lukas , Gruber Samira 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOver at least the last four decades, laser‐based processes have matured from niche applications to widely accepted tools in industrial processing chains. Starting with CO2 lasers, the development of new laser sources such as fiber and disk lasers, either continuous‐wave or pulsed, have boosted the use of lasers for cutting, joining, surface modification and heat treatment, coating and – more recently – additive manufacturing, to name just a few applications.
Thin films deposition versus nanoparticles formation: How can the desired polymer coating be obtained?
Authors: Jebali Syrine , Carneiro de Oliveira Jamerson , Airoudj Aissam , Josien Ludovic , Fioux Philippe , Ferreira Isabelle , Roucoules Vincent , Bally‐Le Gall Florence 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe properties of the final product resulting from plasma polymerization strongly depend on the operating conditions and they impact the final application of the plasma polymer coating. Low‐pressure pulsed plasma polymerization of maleic anhydride was investigated at two different positions in relation to the glow discharge in a 1‐m‐long tubular reactor. Interestingly, competition was observed in the deposition of maleic anhydride plasma polymer in the form of a smooth thin film versus that in the form of nanoparticles. The possibility of a spatiotemporal control of plasma polymerization enabled the deposition of a plasma coating with tunable morphological properties depending on the sample position from the glow discharge and on the plasma pulse parameters (on‐timeandoff‐time).
Identification and functional verification of the target protein of pedunsaponin A in the gills of Pomacea canaliculata
Authors: Yang Chunping , Ma Yuqing , Wang Bin , Wang Yanmei , Liu Jingxiang , Jiang Chunxian , Zhang Min , Qiu Xiaoyan , Luo Liya , Chen Huabao 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDBased on previous research indicating that pedunsaponin A (PA) can destroy the gills of Pomacea canaliculata, we chose the gill as the main research object, and identified the target protein of PA in the gills of P. canaliculata through proteomics and RNA interference (RNAi).RESULTSProteomics showed that 180 proteins were downregulated after PA treatment in P. canaliculata. Among them, we chose advillin (PcAdv), receptor type tyrosine protein phosphatase (PcRT) and unconventional myosin heavy chain 6 (PcUM) as candidate target proteins through bioinformatics analysis. The small interfering RNA (siRNA) with the best interference effect was identified through further screening. Gene interference rates were 97%, 98% and 82% for PcAdv, PcRT and PcUM, respectively. The results showed that after RNAi treatment, the mortality of P. canaliculata treated with PcAdv (60.0%) was significantly lower than that for the control (93.3%); histological analysis showed that the structure of the gill was intact, cilia shedding was reduced, and the survival rate of hemocytes had increased.CONCLUSIONThese findings indicate that, when the protein was absent or suppressed, the channel for entry of PA into the hemocytes of P. canaliculata was blocked, which reduced PA binding to hemocytes, and that there is a close relationship between shedding of gill cilia and PA entry into hemocytes. PcAdv is thus the key protein in PA destruction of gill cilia. Locating the proteins in gills that interact with drugs and investigating their mode of action is of great importance in the development of new molluscicides to control P. canaliculata populations.
Immigrants' spatial concentration: Region or locality attractiveness?
Authors: Viñuela Ana 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe spatial concentration of immigrants across and within European countries is highly heterogeneous, tending to reinforce the internal spatial disparities within EU Member States and regions. Although European regional data show that the highest levels of foreign‐born population concentration correspond to those NUTS2 regions that contain a large city or metropolitan area, there are other place‐based determinants that might explain their attractiveness to immigrants. Using a comprehensive database at NUTS2 (regional) and LAU2 (local) levels for three large European countries in terms of immigrant population (Italy, Spain, and France), comparable results show how the relevance of these determinants depends on the country under analysis and the spatial unit chosen. This provides challenges for the design of a common future European policy addressing the unresolved demographic issues. Understanding the main regional and local factors of attraction to foreign‐born population within countries is crucial to explain the present spatial concentration patterns and anticipate future migration flows, especially in a context where immigrants are the fastest‐growing population group in those European countries. Nevertheless, there might be a trade‐off between the foreign‐born population alleviating the territorial ageing and depopulation issues and the search for spatial justice.
Unraveling pleiotropic effects of rifampicin by using physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling: Assessing the induction magnitude of P‐glycoprotein–cytochrome P450 3A4 dual substrates
Authors: Pan Xian , Yamazaki Shinji , Neuhoff Sibylle , Zhang Mian , Pilla Reddy Venkatesh 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRifampicin induces both P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) and cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) through regulating common nuclear receptors (e.g., pregnane X receptor). The interplay of P‐gp and CYP3A4 has emerged to be an important factor in clinical drug–drug interactions (DDIs) with P‐gp–CYP3A4 dual substrates and requires qualitative and quantitative understanding. Although physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling has become a widely accepted approach to assess DDIs and is able to reasonably predict DDIs caused by CYP3A4 induction and P‐gp induction individually, the predictability of PBPK models for the effect of simultaneous P‐gp and CYP3A4 induction on P‐gp‐CYP3A4 dual substrates remains to be systematically evaluated. In this study, we used a PBPK modeling approach for the assessment of DDIs between rifampicin and 12 drugs: three sensitive P‐gp substrates, seven P‐gp–CYP3A4 dual substrates, and two P‐gp–CYP3A4 dual substrates and inhibitors. A 3.5‐fold increase of intestinal P‐gp abundance was incorporated in the PBPK models to account for rifampicin‐mediated P‐gp induction at steady state. The simulation results showed that accounting for P‐gp induction in addition to CYP3A4 induction improved the prediction accuracy of the area under the concentration‐time curve and maximum (peak) plasma drug concentration ratios compared with considering CYP3A4 induction alone. Furthermore, the interplay of relevant drug‐specific parameters and its impact on the magnitude of DDIs were evaluated using sensitivity analysis. The PBPK approach described herein, in conjunction with robust in vitro and clinical data, can help in the prospective assessment of DDIs involving other P‐gp and CYP3A4 dual substrates. The database reported in the present study provides a valuable aid in understanding the combined effect of P‐gp and CYP3A4 induction during drug development.
A collocation study of atmospheric motion vectors (AMVs) compared to Aeolus wind profiles with a feature track correction (FTC) observation operator
Authors: Hoffman Ross N. , Lukens Katherine E. , Ide Kayo , Garrett Kevin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA method to apply an empirical feature track correction (FTC) in a new observation operator for atmospheric motion vectors (AMVs) is proposed. The FTC AMV observation operator determines the background estimate of the observed AMV vector wind, adjusting the background profile by determining an optimal height adjustment, averaging the profile over a layer of optimal thickness, and applying a linear correction to the averaged profile wind. The FTC observation operator is tested in the context of a collocation study between AMVs projected onto the collocated Aeolus horizontal line‐of‐sight (HLOS) and the Aeolus HLOS wind profiles. This study is a prototype for a variational FTC for numerical weather prediction data assimilation systems in which the Aeolus wind profiles take the place of the background in the FTC observation operator. Compared to a collocation where the Aeolus profile is interpolated linearly in height to the AMV height, a simple ad hoc averaging approach and the FTC approach reduce the mean square difference between the AMV observation and the Aeolus estimated AMV observation by 38% and 43%, respectively.
Fault‐tolerant control of an aerial manipulator with guaranteed tracking performance
Authors: Ding Yadong , Wang Yaoyao , Chen Bai 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this article, a fault‐tolerant control (FTC) scheme of an aerial manipulator is proposed, which can guarantee the transient and steady‐state tracking performance under actuator faults. A novel performance function (NPF) with simple form and explicit terminal time is designed to constrain the tracking errors. First, backstepping technique combined with the NPF is adopted as control framework to guarantee the asymptotic stability. Then, adaptive nonsingular terminal sliding mode with estimated actuator faults is used as the robust controller to deal with actuator fault. Finally, extended state observer is used to estimate and compensate complex coupling effects between the main‐body UAV and loading manipulator, and external disturbance. The stability of the aerial manipulator system with actuator faults and external disturbance is proved by Lyapunov analysis. Besides, the effect of the turbulent wind field on the body of the vehicle is analyzed. Several comparative simulations are carried out to show the effectiveness of the proposed FTC scheme.
Adaptive distributed observer for an uncertain leader over acyclic switching digraphs
Authors: He Changran , Huang Jie 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe existing results on the adaptive distributed observer for an uncertain leader system are restricted to connected static networks. In this article, we extend the existing results to acyclic every‐time connected switching networks. As an application of the adaptive distributed observer, we solve the leader‐following attitude consensus problem of multiple rigid body systems with an uncertain leader system over an acyclic every‐time connected switching network. A numerical example is provided to illustrate our design.
Critical and Dominant Language Learner Ideologies: A Case Study of Two Chinese Writers’ Experiences with a Critical Language Writing Pedagogy
Authors: Britton Emma R. , Austin Theresa Y. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAnglophone universities have increasingly become contact zones for the growing numbers of ethnolinguistically diverse students who use English as a lingua franca (Jenkins, 2014). Despite the sociolinguistic reality of English as contact language, monolingual and monoglossic ideologies often prevail not only at the macro institutional scale, but also at the individual learner scale. By idealizing native English speakers, regarding English as uniform, and viewing writing instruction as a means to reduce linguistic difference, ESL learners can perpetuate the sort of dominant ideologies that critical language pedagogies seek to disrupt. Building upon previous learner belief research, this practitioner‐led comparative case study explores the expressed language ideologies and language socialization experiences of two first‐year Chinese undergraduates who were participants in a developmental writing course in a Northeastern University in the US. Despite learning about critical language awareness (CLA) pedagogy (Fairclough, 1992), results show that the students expressed a range of dominant and critical language ideologies which were connected to a configuration of micro and macro contextual factors beyond the course. We conclude with implications of these results for critical language pedagogy within writing courses.
First detection and molecular characterisation of a pigeon aviadenovirus A and pigeon circovirus co‐infection associated with Young Pigeon Disease Syndrome (YPDS) in Turkish pigeons (Columba liviadomestica)
Authors: Sahindokuyucu Ismail , Turkmen Merve Biskin , Sumer Tugce , Elhag Ahmed Eisa , Alcigir Mehmet Eray , Yazici Zafer , Barry Gerald , Gulbahar Mustafa Yavuz , Kul Oguz 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPigeon aviadenovirus A and Pigeon circovirus are both DNA viruses, infect and cause severe clinical diseases in pigeons. These viruses are associated with an immunosuppression syndrome similar to ‘Young Pigeon Disease Syndrome’ (YPDS). This study reports the identification of a natural co‐infection, with severe clinical signs (crop vomiting, watery diarrhoea, anorexia and sudden death) of Pigeon aviadenovirus A and Pigeon circovirus in a breeding pigeon flock in Central Anatolia, Turkey. Both viruses were isolated from pigeons pooled internal organs using primary chicken embryo kidney cell cultures (CEKC) and specific pathogen‐free (SPF) embryonated chicken eggs. Also, both viruses were identified by PCR amplification followed by Sanger sequencing whereas histopathological examination showed degenerated hepatocytes with basophilic intranuclear viral inclusions. As known, both viruses typically have similar transmission characteristics and common clinical manifestations; however, co‐infection may exacerbate the disease with devastating outcomes. This is the first report of its kind in Turkey for those viruses and is essential for the protection against these kinds of infections in pigeons.
Epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli in broiler chickens, farmworkers, and farm sewage in Bangladesh
Authors: Mandal Amit Kumar , Talukder Sudipta , Hasan Md. Mehedi , Tasmim Syeda Tanjina , Parvin Mst. Sonia , Ali Md. Yamin , Islam Md. Taohidul 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become an emerging threat worldwide, and developing countries such as Bangladesh are considered to be at greater risk of disseminating the resistant bacteria between human–animal interfaces.ObjectivesThe present study was carried out to determine the prevalence and AMR profile of Escherichia coli isolated from broiler chickens, the environment, and farmworkers. This study also aimed to identify the risk factors associated with multidrug‐resistant (MDR) E. coli infection in broiler chickens. In addition, the presence of carbapenem resistance gene (NDM‐1) was assessed.MethodsA total of 114 E. coli isolates, recovered from 150 samples (cloacal swabs = 50, farm sewage = 50, and hand washed water of farmworkers = 50) collected from 50 broiler farms, were identified by biochemical examination and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed for 10 antibiotics by disk diffusion test. Carbapenem resistance gene (NDM‐1) was detected by PCR. Risk factors were identified through multivariable logistic regression.ResultsThe highest prevalence of E. coli was recorded in broiler chickens (86%) and the lowest in farmworkers (66%). For MDR E. coli infection, ‘winter season’, ‘absence of specific shoes for staff’, and ‘use of antibiotics without veterinarian's prescription’ were the significant risk factors. High resistance of the E. coli isolates was observed against levofloxacin (81.6%), doxycycline (78.1%), cefotaxime (78.1%), and ciprofloxacin (70.2%). About 76% of the isolates demonstrated MDR. None of the isolates were positive for the NDM‐1 gene.ConclusionsThe high level and similar pattern of antibiotic resistance in E. coli isolates from broiler chickens, farmworkers, and sewage in poultry farms indicates a good possibility of spreading the antibiotic‐resistant E. coli in such settings.
Liposomal nanoparticles based on steroids and isoprenoids for nonviral gene delivery
Authors: Maiti Bappa , Bhattacharya Santanu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNatural lipid molecules are an essential part of life as they constitute the membrane of cells and organelle. In most of these cases, the hydrophobicity of natural lipids is contributed by alkyl chains. Although natural lipids with a nonfatty acid hydrophobic backbone are quite rare, steroids and isoprenoids have been strong candidates as part of a lipid. Over the years, these natural molecules (steroid and isoprenoids) have been used to make either lipid‐based nanoparticle or functionalize in such a way that it could form nano assembly alone for therapeutic delivery. Here we mainly focus on the synthetic functionalized version of these natural molecules which forms cationic liposomal nanoparticles (LipoNPs). These cationic LipoNPs were further used to deliver various negatively charged genetic materials in the form of pDNA, siRNA, mRNA (nucleic acids), and so on.This article is categorized under:
Biology‐Inspired Nanomaterials > Lipid‐Based Structures
Innovation, Public Policy and Growth: What the Data Say
Authors: Akcigit Ufuk 
Published: November 2021

AbstractInnovation and technological progress are the key determinants of long-run economic growth and welfare. Therefore, an important question is, how can public policy encourage more innovation? In this chapter, I review some of the empirical findings from various recent studies on innovation and firm dynamics that can shed light on the design of innovation policy. The discussion in the chapter is divided into three categories: (i) firm studies, (ii) inventor studies, and (iii) idea (patent) studies.
The RHOMOLO Spatial CGE Model
Authors: Christensen Martin Aarøe 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis chapter provides a description of the RHOMOLO model, a Spatial CGE model, developed and used by the European Commission for the impact assessment of policies at the regional level. Special emphasis is put on the innovation mechanisms underlying the model. Moreover, it discusses the scenarios simulated and the findings from the economic impact assessment of the Horizon Europe Framework Program.
Other Innovation Policies and Alternative Modelling Approaches
Authors: Benedetti Fasil Cristiana , Impullitti Giammario , Sanchez-Martinez Miguel 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis chapter discusses the macroeconomic impact evaluation of other policies related to innovation. In particular, two examples are shown on the impact simulation of a reduction to firms’ entry barriers and an increase in R&D tax credits. Alternative ways of modelling these two types of policy shocks are also provided to illustrate how different modelling platforms featuring different economic mechanisms can complement each other and enrich the landscape of macroeconomic policy impact assessments.
Evaluation of Formative Measurement Models
Authors: Hair Joseph F. , Hult G. Tomas M. , Ringle Christian M. , Sarstedt Marko , Danks Nicholas P. , Ray Soumya 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPLS-SEM is the preferred approach when formatively specified constructs are included in the PLS path model. In this chapter, we discuss the key steps for evaluating formative measurement models. These include the assessment of (1) convergent validity, (2) indicator collinearity, and (3) statistical significance and relevance of the indicator weights. We introduce key criteria and their thresholds and illustrate their use with an extended version of the corporate reputation model estimated with SEMinR.
Selected Key Issues in World Protests
Authors: Ortiz Isabel , Burke Sara , Berrada Mohamed , Saenz Cortés Hernán 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis section of the book “World Protests: A Study of Key Protest Issues in the 21st-Century” analyzes: (i) trends such as the rise of populism and radical right protests; (ii) anti-corruption and women’s protests; (iii) the link between inequality and protests, as well as the link between protests and perceptions that governments serve only the few; (iv) the Arab and the Latin American Springs; and (v) the link between protestors’ policy demands, Human Rights and internationally agreed UN development goals, calling on governments to act on them.