bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lithosphere–asthenosphere Boundary Beneath the Sea of Japan From Transdimensional Inversion of S Receiver Functions
Authors: Akuhara Takeshi , Nakahigashi Kazuo , Shinohara Masanao , Yamada Tomoaki , Shiobara Hajime , Yamashita Yusuke , Mochizuki Kimihiro , Uehira Kenji 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The evolution history of the Sea of Japan back-arc basin remains under debate, involving the opening of sub-basins such as the Japan and Yamato Basins. Detailed knowledge of the lithospheric structure will provide the key to understanding tectonic history. This study identifies the lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary (LAB) beneath the Sea of Japan back-arc basin using S-receiver functions (S-RFs). The study area, including the Japan and Yamato Basins, has been instrumented with broadband ocean-bottom seismometers (OBSs). S-RFs from these OBSs show negative Sp phases preceding the direct S arrivals, suggesting the LAB. The S-RFs also show abnormally reduced amplitudes. For further qualitative interpretation of these findings, we conduct transdimensional Bayesian inversion for S-wave velocity models. This less-subjective Bayesian approach clarifies that the low-velocity seafloor sediments and damped deconvolution contribute to the amplitude reduction, illuminating the necessity of such considerations for similar receiver function works. Inverted velocity structures show a sharp velocity decrease at the mantle depths, which we consider the LAB. The obtained LAB depths vary among sites: ~45 km beneath the Japan and Yamato Basins and ~70 km beneath the Yamato Rise, a bathymetric high between the two basins. The thick lithosphere beneath the Yamato Rise most likely reflects its continental origin. However, the thickness is still thin compared to that of eastern Asia, suggesting lithosphere extension by rifting. Notably, the Japan and Yamato Basins show a comparable lithospheric thickness, although the crustal thickness beneath the Yamato Basin is known to be anomalously thick. This consistency in the lithospheric thickness implies that both basins undergo similar back-arc opening processes.
Finite-time Projective Synchronization for Semi-markovian Neural Networks Systems via Event-triggered Sliding Mode Control
Authors: Ren Junchao , Li xuejiao 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper investigates the projection synchronization problem of stochastic neural networked systems based on event-triggered sliding mode control (SMC) covering a finite-time period. For improve transmission efficiency and save network resources, a related event-triggered scheme is proposed for the error system, which can identify whether the measurement error should be transmitted to the controller. For finite-time projective synchronization under given event-triggered mechanism, a semi-Markov jump system model is proposed. Secondly, by creating Lyapunov Krasovsky functional and using linear matrix inequality (LMI) technology, as well as considering a proper sliding surface, a sliding mode controller is designed to implement finite-time projection synchronization of different neural networks. Finally, numerical simulations are exploited to illustrate the effectiveness of the main results.
Nickel-catalyzed annulations of ortho-haloarylimines
Authors: Kolluru Srinivas , Singh Manvendra , Gaskins Bryce , Boskovic Zarko 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We report the discovery, development, and mechanism of a nickel-catalyzed annulation reaction between o-haloarylimines and electron-poor olefins. The reaction produces two adjacent anti stereocenters and a free secondary amine. Spirocycles are formed from cyclic imines. We characterized the key oxidative addition intermediate and identified a major path leading to competing homo-coupling products. The activation energy of oxidative addition, and the rate of oxidative addition complex isomerization were determined. Sensitivity of the reaction to reaction conditions was established in a quantitative manner and both the scope and limitations of the method are presented.
Efficient Data Undersampling for Rule-Based Retrosynthetic Planning
Authors: PARK MIN SIK , Lee Dongseon , Kwon Youngchun , Kim Eunji , Choi Youn-Suk 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Computer-aided retrosynthetic planning for organic molecules, which is based on a large synthetic database, is a significant part of the recent development of an autonomous robotic chemist. As in other AI fields, however, the class imbalance problem in the dataset affects the prediction performance of retrosynthetic paths. Here, we demonstrate that applying undersampling methods to the imbalanced reaction dataset can improve the prediction of retrosynthetic rules for target molecules. We report improvements in the top-1 and top-10 prediction accuracies by 13.8% (13.1, 5.4%) and 8.8% (6.9, 2.4%) for the undersampling based on the similarity (random, dissimilarity) clustering of molecular structures of products, respectively. These results demonstrate the importance of a deep understanding of the statistical distribution, internal structure, and sampling for the training dataset. For practical application, the target-oriented undersampling method is proposed and confirmed by the improved prediction performance of 9.3 and 4.2% for top-1 and top-10 accuracies, respectively.
One demonstration of the minimum entropy theorem ruling the fluid flow field.
Authors: Hotta Takashi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The minimum entropy theorem of the several fields is well known, but there is no clear review that it shows the possibility of minimum entropy theorem mainly rules the general viscous fluid flow field. In this article, I define appropriately total external energy function and is resolved by variational method, and shows that stationary condition always satisfies the continuity and general Navier-Stokes equations. So on that condition, the minimum entropy theorem could decide directly the general viscous fluid flow field.
The Prognostic Impact of Macroscopic Serosal Change on Resectable Advanced Gastric Cancer
Authors: Yura Masahiro , Yoshikawa Takaki , Wada Takeyuki , Otsuki Sho , Hayashi Tsutomu , Yamagata Yukinori , Katai Hitoshi , Nishida Toshirou 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Advanced gastric cancer sometimes causes macroscopic serosal change (MSC) due to direct invasion or inflammation. However, the prognostic significance of MSC remains unclear.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of 1410 patients who had been diagnosed with deeper-than-pathological-T2 gastric cancer and undergone R0 gastrectomy with lymph node dissection between January 2000 and December 2012 at the National Cancer Center Hospital, Japan. Results: MSC was not found in 108 of the 506 patients with pathological T4a (21.3%), whereas it was detected in 250 of the 904 patients with pathological T2-T3 (27.7%). The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for diagnosing pathological serosa exposed (SE) by MSC were 78.7%, 72.3% and 74.6%, respectively. The MSC-positive cases had a worse 5-year overall survival (OS) than the MSC-negative cases in pT3 (72.9% vs. 84.3%, p=0.001), pT4a (56.2% vs. 73.4%, p=0.001), pStageIIB (76.0% vs. 88.4%, p=0.005), pStageIIIA (63.4% vs. 75.6%, p=0.019), pStageIIIB (53.6% vs. 69.2%, p=0.029) and pStage IIIC (27.6% vs. 50.0%, p=0.062). A multivariate analysis showed that MSC was a significant independent predictor for the OS (hazard ratio [HR], 1.587) along with the tumor depth (HR, 7.742), nodal status (HR, 5.783) and age (HR, 2.382). Peritoneal recurrence rates were higher in the MSC-positive cases than in the MSC-negative cases at each pT stage.Conclusions: MSC was an important prognostic factor in patients with resectable locally advanced gastric cancer. MSC should be considered when predicting the patient prognosis.
Analysis of the Related Risk Factors of Inguinal Lymph Node Metastasis in Patients with Penile Cancer: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: jia yatao , Zhao Hongwei , Hao Yun , Zhu Jiang , Li Yingyi , Wang Yanbo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: To determine independent predictors of inguinal lymph node(ILN) metastasis in patients with penile-cancer.Patients and methods: We retrospectively analyzed all patients with penile-cancer undergoing surgery at our medical center in ten years(N=157). Using univariate and multivariate logistic-regression models, we assessed associations between the following factors: age, medical-history, phimosis, onset-time, number and maximum diameter of involved ILNs, pathological T stage, degree of tumor differentiation and/or cornification, lymphatic vascular infiltration(LVI), nerve infiltration, and ILN metastases. Interaction and stratified analyses were then used to assess age, phimosis, onset-time, number of ILNs, cornification, and nerve infiltration.Results: Ultimately, 110 patients were included. Multiple logistic-regression analysis showed that the following factors were significantly correlated with ILN metastasis: maximum diameter of enlarged ILNs, T stage, pathological differentiation, and LVI. Among patients with a maximum ILN diameter of ≥1.5 cm, 50%(19/38) had LNM(HR=2.3, 95%CI: 1.0–5.1), whereas only 30.6%(22/72) of patients with a maximum ILN diameter <1.5 cm showed LNM. Among 44 patients with stage Ta/T1, 10(22.7%) showed ILN metastases, while 31 of 66(47.0%) patients with stage T2 showed ILN metastases(HR=3.0, 95%CI: 1.3–7.1). Among 40 patients with highly differentiated penile-cancer, eight(20%) showed ILN metastasis, while 33 of 70(47.1%) patients with low-to-middle differentiation showed ILN metastases(HR=3.6, 95%CI: 1.4–8.8). In the LVI-free group, the rate of LNM was 33.3%(32/96), whereas it was 64.3%(9/14) in the LVI group(HR=3.6, 95%CI: 1.1–11.6). Conclusion: Our single-center results suggested that maximum ILN diameter, pathological T stage, pathological differentiation, and LVI were independent risk factors for ILN metastases.
Novel Meso-substituted Porphyrin Derivatives and its Potential use in Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer
Authors: Vallecorsa Pablo , Venosa Gabriela Di , Ballatore M. Belén , Ferreyra Dario , Mamone Leandro , Sáenz Daniel , Calvo Gustavo , Durantini Edgardo , Casas Adriana 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an anticancer treatment that utilizes the interaction of light and a photosensitiser (PS), promoting tumour cell death mediated by generation of reactive oxygen species. In this study, we evaluated the in vitro photoactivity of four meso-substituted porphyrins and a porphyrin coupled to a fullerene. Methods: The cell line employed was the LM3 mammary adenocarcinoma, and the PS with the best photokilling activity was administered to mice bearing the LM3 subcutaneously implanted adenocarcinoma. The TEMCP4+ porphyrin and its analogue TEMCC4+ chlorine contain four identical carbazoyl substituents at the meso positions of the tetrapyrrolic macrocycle and have A4 symmetry. The TAPP derivative also has A4 symmetry, and it is substituted at the meso positions by aminopropoxy groups. The DAPP molecule has ABAB symmetry with aminopropoxy and the trifluoromethyl substituents in trans positions. The TCP-C604+ dyad is formed by a porphyrin unit covalently attached to the fullerene C60.Results: The PSs are taken up by the cells with the following efficiency: TAPP> TEMCP4+= TEMCC4+> DAPP >TCP-C604+, and the amount of intracellular PS correlates fairly with the photodamage degree, but also the quantum yields of singlet oxygen influence the PDT outcome. TAPP, DAPP, TEMCC4+ and TEMCP4+ exhibit high photoactivity against LM3 mammary carcinoma cells, being TAPP the most active. After topical application of TAPP on the skin of mice bearing LM3 tumours, the molecule is localized mainly in the stratum corneum, and at a lower extent in hair follicles and sebaceous glands. Systemic administration of TAPP produces a tumour: normal skin ratio of 31.4, and high accumulation in intestine and lung.Conclusion: The results suggest a potential use of topical TAPP for the treatment of actinic keratosis and skin adnexal neoplasms. In addition, selectivity for tumour tissue after systemic administration highlights the selectivity of and potentiality of TAPP as a new PS.
Hydrochemical peculiarities and groundwater quality assessment of the Birimian and Tarkwaian aquifer systems in Bosome Freho District and Bekwai Municipality of the Ashanti Region, Ghana
Authors: Okofo Louis Boansi , Anderson Nana Akyerefi , Bedu-Addo Kenneth , Armoo Ekua Afrakoma 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Birimian and Tarkwaian aquifer systems are the main sources of water supply for the Bosome Freho District and Bekwai Municipality inhabitants in the Ashanti region of Ghana. A hydrogeochemical assessment was carried out to ascertain the natural baseline chemistry of the groundwaters and the factors influencing groundwater chemistry in these two areas. A multivariate statistical tool consisting of principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) together with hydrochemical graphical plots was applied on 64 groundwater samples. The Q–mode HCA results were used to explain the groundwater quality flow paths where three spatial groundwater zones and water types were delineated. The first type consists of Ca–Mg–HCO3 freshwater (recharge zone), which transitions into Ca–Na–HCO3 or Na–Ca–HCO3 mixed waters (intermediate zone) and finally evolve to the third type of Na–Ca–Mg–HCO3–Cl water (discharge zone). The study also reveals that the natural process influencing water chemistry is groundwater–rock interaction from carbonate and silicate weathering/dissolution, aided by carbonic acid from precipitation and releases concentration of Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and HCO3- into the groundwaters significantly. The chloro-alkaline indices also reveal cation exchange as the principal natural factors that control groundwater chemistry in the area. Anthropogenic activities have little influence on groundwater chemistry. The quality of groundwater in the Bosome Freho District and Bekwai Municipality are suitable for irrigational use and drinking water consumption. The results obtained so far will contribute to research paucity in the study area and serve as a guide for decision-makers for improved water resources management.
Inflammatory Signature in Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure Includes Increased Expression of Neutrophil Specific Genes ELANE, MPO and CD177 Running Title: Neutrophil Transcriptomics in ACLF
Authors: Acharya Pragyan , Saha Rohini , Shalimar  , Das Prasenjit , Mishra Priyanka , Singh Rohan , Pradhan Sai Sanwid , Sivaramakrishnan Venketesh 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background and Aims: Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure (ACLF) is associated with innate immune dysfunction and high short-term mortality. Neutrophils have been identified to influence prognosis in ACLF. Neutrophil biology is under-evaluated in ACLF. Therefore, we investigated neutrophil-specific genes and their association with ACLF outcomes.Methods: This is an observational study. Enriched polymorphonuclear cells, containing neutrophils, isolated from study participants in three groups- ACLF(n=10), chronic liver disease (CLD, n=5) and healthy controls (HC, n=4), were analysed by microarray. Differentially expressed genes were identified and validated by qRT-PCR in an independent cohort of ACLF, CLD and HC (n=30, 15 and 15 respectively). The association of confirmed overexpressed genes with ACLF 28-day non-survivors was investigated. The protein expression of selected neutrophil genes was confirmed using flow cytometry and IHC. Results: Differential gene expression analysis showed 1140 downregulated and 928 upregulated genes for ACLF vs CLD and 2086 downregulated and 1091 upregulated genes for ACLF vs HC. Significant upregulation of neutrophilic inflammatory signatures were found in ACLF compared to CLD and HC. Neutrophil-specific genes ELANE, MPO and CD177 were highly upregulated in ACLF and their expression was higher in ACLF 28-day non-survivors. Elevated expression of CD177 protein on neutrophil surface in ACLF was confirmed by flow cytometry. IHC analysis in archival post mortem liver biopsies showed the presence of CD177+ neutrophils in the liver tissue of ACLF patients. Conclusions: Neutrophil-specific genes ELANE, MPO and CD177 are highly overexpressed in ACLF neutrophils as compared to CLD or HC. Further, these genes are highly overexpressed in ACLF 28-day non-survivors.
Time Dilation and the Equivalence of Inertial Frames
Authors: Iyer Chandru , Prabhu G. M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
It is well known that simultaneity within an inertial frame is defined in relativity theory by a convention or definition. This definition leads to different simultaneities across inertial frames and the well-known principle of relativity of simultaneity. The lack of a universal present implies the existence of past, present and future as a collection of events on a four dimensional manifold or continuum wherein three dimensions are space like and one dimension is time like. However, such a continuum precludes the possibility of evolution of future from the present as all events exist ‘forever’ so to speak on the continuum with the tenses past, present and future merely being perceptions of different inertial frames. Such a far-reaching ontological concept, created by a mere convention, is yet to gain full acceptance. In this paper, we present arguments in favour of an absolute present, which means simultaneous events are simultaneous in all inertial frames, and subscribe to evolution of future from the present.
Evans syndrome in a pediatric liver transplant recipient with an autoantibody with apparent specificity for the KEL4 (Kpb) antigen
Authors: Koepsell S.A. , Burright-Hittner K. , Landmark J.D. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Although most warm red blood cell (RBC) autoantibodies react broadly with panel cells in addition to the patient’s own RBCs, occasionally an autoantibody with specificity for a specific blood group antigen is encountered. Rare cases of warm autoantibodies with specificity for the Kpb antigen of the Kell blood group system have been described. We report a pediatric transplant recipient with anemia, immune-mediated hemolysis, thrombocytopenia, and a warm autoantibody with apparent anti-Kpb specificity. The patient’s autoimmune anemia and thrombocytopenia responded well to discontinuing the immunosuppressant tacrolimus, transfusions with Kp(b–) RBCs, and intravenous immunoglobulin therapy, with disappearance of the pathologic antibody. During the autoimmune hemolysis, the patient’s RBCs did not react with antisera specific for Kpb. However, repeat testing of the patient’s RBCs with Kpb-specific antisera 15 months after the resolution of hemolysis showed reactivity, indicating that the RBC autoantibody was associated with a transient disappearance of the Kpb antigen.
Immunohematology

2014;30:14–17.
Demonstration of IgG subclass (IgG1 and IgG3) in patients with positive direct antiglobulin tests
Authors: Singh A. , Solanki A. , Chaudhary R. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Serologic characterization of autoantibodies helps in the management and monitoring of the course of autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA). The purpose of this study was to evaluate gel centrifugation test (GCT) cards for immunoglobulin G (IgG) titer and determination of IgG subclasses IgG1 and IgG3 and their influence on hemolysis. Eighty direct antiglobulin test (DAT)-positive patients were examined with the help of GCT cards for IgG titer and IgG subclasses. The results were correlated with the presence and absence of hemolysis. A statistically significant (p < 0.005) association of hemolysis with increasing anti-IgG titer was observed. When IgG titer was 30 or less, 28 (50.91%) patients had no hemolysis, whereas 15 (93.75%) patients had features of hemolysis when titer was at least 300. Statistically significant (p < 0.005) association of subclass of IgG (IgG1, IgG3) coating the red blood cells with intravascular hemolysis was also seen. Twenty-nine (80.56%) patients had evidence of hemolysis when IgG1 or IgG1-IgG3 both were present. Gel technology is helpful to demonstrate red blood cell–bound autoantibodies and their characterization with regard to class, subclass, and titer. This information is useful to identify patients with AIHA who are at risk of severe hemolysis with adverse prognosis.
Immunohematology

2014;30:24–27.
Diagnostic pitfalls of drug-induced immune hemolytic anemia
Authors: Salama A. , Mayer B. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Immune hemolytic anemia (IHA) is a rare complication of drug administration. However, its true incidence remains obscure, as there are a number of factors that may lead to misdiagnosis. The clinical and serologic pictures are variable, and there is a great deal of unawareness that certain drugs can cause IHA. Furthermore, serologic results can be easily misinterpreted, resulting in a wrong diagnosis.
Immunohematology

2014;30:80–84.
Cryopreservation of red blood cell units with a modified method of glycerolization and deglycerolization with the ACP 215 device complies with American and European requirements
Authors: List J. , Horvath M. , Weigel G. , Leitner G.C. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Current red blood cell (RBC) glycerolization with the ACP 215 device is followed by volume reduction of the glycerolized RBCs before freezing. We investigated a modified method of glycerolization and deglycerolization which eliminates the final centrifugation step that reduces glycerolized RBC supernatant. A total of 37 RBC units collected from healthy volunteers were analyzed. After removal of the supernatant, RBCs were glycerolized using the high glycerol method and stored at –80°C. After deglycerolization, RBCs were preserved with either SAG-M or AS3 and stored for at least 10 or 14 days, respectively. Quality of stored RBCs was assessed by measuring osmolarity, blood cell counts, free hemoglobin, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), hemolysis, and glucose. The overall RBC mass recovery after deglycerolization was 86 ± 7.6 percent, and the osmolarity was 336 ± 23 mOsml/kg H2O. The hemolysis for stored components at the end of their shelf life was 0.21 ± 0.08 percent for AS3-preserved RBCs and 0.25 ± 0.08 percent for RBCs preserved with SAG-M. On expiration, 32 percent of initial ATP values were measured in AS3-preserved RBCs vs. 62 percent in SAG-M–preserved RBCs. This modified method of glycerolization and deglycerolization meets the quality requirements of the European Council and the AABB standards. The prolonged storage of thawed RBCs enables optimized transfusion management for patients with rare blood groups.
Immunohematology

2012;28:67–73.
Blood group genotyping in a multitrauma patient: a case report
Authors: Curvers J. , Scharnhorst V. , de Haas M. , Warnier-Wandel L. , van de Kerkhof D. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Currently DNA-based analysis of blood groups is mainly used to improve transfusion safety by reducing alloantibody formation in multiply transfused patients and by monitoring pregnancies at risk for hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn. We present a case in which genotyping was performed after massive transfusion with unmatched group O, D– blood in a trauma setting. Our patient was genotyped as O1A1and predicted to be D–, and we therefore transfused group A, D– red blood cell concentrates. This case demonstrates how the use of blood group genotyping in an acute setting can lead to a decrease in the unnecessary use of group O, D– blood products.
Immunohematology

2012;28:85–7.