bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combined loss of expression of involucrin and cytokeratin 13 is associated with poor prognosis in squamous cell carcinoma of mobile tongue
Authors: Pandey Sushma , Søland Tine Merete , Bjerkli Inger Heidi , Sand Lars Peter , Petersen Fernanda Cristina , Costea Daniela Elena , Senguven Burcu , Sapkota Dipak 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of expression levels of involucrin (IVL), cytokeratin (CK)‐10 and ‐13 at different intratumor sites (tumor center and invading area) of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC).MethodsIVL, CK13 and CK10 expression levels were examined in a multicenter cohort of 146 OTSCCs using immunohistochemistry. External mRNA datasets were used for expression analysis and/or to validate survival associations.ResultsExternal transcriptomic datasets showed downregulation of IVL and KRT13 in oral malignancies including OTSCC as compared to normal controls. The combined loss of IVL and CK13 expression at the invading core but not at the center core was significantly associated with poor differentiation and reduced 5‐year overall survival. Multivariate Cox analysis confirmed the loss of CK13 and IVL expression to be an independent prognostic factor. Transcriptomic dataset corroborated immunohistochemistry results.ConclusionsCombined expression levlels of IVL and CK13 might be useful as prognostic biomarkers in OTSCC.
Why do road traffic collision types repeat themselves? Look back before moving forward
Authors: Das Ripon C. , Shafie Imrul K. , Hamim Omar F. , Hoque Md. Shamsul , McIlroy Rich C. , Plant Katherine L. , Stanton Neville A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFatalities due to road crashes are rising globally, with the situation being particularly severe in low‐income countries. Traditional investigation methods have reached a ceiling in terms of reducing road traffic fatalities, hence safety researchers have begun to explore systems‐based approaches. In this study, two bus‐pedestrian collisions occurring in Bangladesh and separated by a time span of 13 years have been analyzed using the Accimap methodology. Building on and going further than the Accimaps of the two collisions, the recommendations that have been proposed to reduce the recurrence of such collision types have been graphically represented in a combined Preventimap. This graphically displays the inter‐connectedness of the countermeasures. Further, the countermeasures have been mapped against six road safety E's, namely engineering, education, enforcement, economics, emergency response, and enablement. Comparing the countermeasures arising from each of the two collisions showed that some preventive strategies are unique to one collision while others are common to both collisions. With a significant proportion of the proposed recommendations being of similar types, we discuss the idea that had prompt and appropriate intervention measures been implemented at different levels of the system after the first collision, the probability of the occurrence of the second collision would have been significantly less. The same would apply to similar collisions in the future. We also discuss the benefits of the Preventimap representation and its potential uses in road safety policy and practice.
MHD Williamson nanofluid across a permeable medium past an extended sheet with constant and irregular thickness
Authors: Sridhar Wuriti , Vijaya Lakshmi Garishe , Al‐Farhany Khaled , Ganesh Ganugapati Raghavendra 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe main resource of this paper is to establish over fluid flows sheet using mathematical modeling for constant and variable thickness by including magnetic fields, electric fields, porous medium, heat propagation/immersion, and radiative heat relocation. The Implicit Finite Difference Method (IFDM) is applied to simplify using similarity conversions to implicate partial differential equations to convert into ordinary differential equations. IFDM has been implemented in MATLAB to tabulate numerical observations of the local parameters. Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are analyzed and measured for different parameters in different constant and variable thickness conditions of fluid properties. The influence of various parameters is explained through temperature, velocity, concentration, and nanoparticle volume fraction graphical representations. The coefficient of the skin friction for irregular fluid properties is shown to have a greater influence than that compared for constant fluid properties. Nevertheless, there is a reverse case in the local Nusselt number that is lower for the fluctuating fluid properties than with constant fluid properties. The results showed high‐exactness computational outcomes are attained from the IFDM.
The European Restructuring Directive and stays on creditor enforcement actions
Authors: McCormack Gerard 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe European Restructuring Directive is Europe's answer to Chapter 11 of the US Bankruptcy Code. Under the Directive, debtors will have access to early warning tools that enable them to detect a deteriorating business and this should lead to more restructurings at an early stage. The debtor will benefit from a time‐limited ‘breathing space’ from enforcement action in order to facilitate negotiations on a restructuring plan. This article analyses in critical detail the stay or moratorium on actions against the debtor during the restructuring process. The stay is a fundamental part of the Directive. The paper highlights the importance of the stay and locates the stay in the context of the Directive and also in the light of the international parallels found in the US Bankruptcy Code and the UNCITRAL Legislative Guide on Insolvency Law.
Morphological switch is associated with increase in cell–cell contacts, ALP, and confluence above a minimum island area to perimeter ratio
Authors: Berent Zachary T. , Wagoner Johnson Amy J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDuring osteogenic differentiation in vitro, stem‐like cells seeded at a low‐density spread and are isolated. As the cells proliferate and mature, they become more cuboidal in shape with more cell–cell contacts. However, the coordination of this switch in cell morphology from elongated to cuboidal, cell–cell contacts, and differentiation is not known. In this work, we present results from experiments and a simulation of cell proliferation on protein‐micropatterned islands that, independent of island size (25–1,000 μm) or shape (circles, squares, and hollow squares), shows a distinct morphological switch that is better described as a function of island confluence than time in culture, the standard measure in cell culture experiments. The simulation and experiments show cell morphology and island cell density versus confluence collapse to a single curve for all islands if the island area to perimeter ratio is ≥25 μm. Cell–cell contacts in the simulation and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression in experiments, a common marker for osteogenic differentiation, show exponential growth with confluence, rapidly increasing after the switch at ≈0.5 confluence. Furthermore, cell morphology, density, contacts, and ALP are better predicted by confluence than time in culture. The variability with time in culture leads to challenges in not only interpreting data but also in comparing data across research laboratories. This simulation can be used to predict cell behavior on different size and shape islands and to plan and optimize experiments that explore cell behavior as a function of a wide range of island geometries.
Lung‐derived exosomes regulate the function of mesenchymal stem cells and alleviate phosgene‐induced lung injury via miR‐34c‐3p
Authors: Jiang Zhi‐Feng , Shao Yiru , Zhang Lin , Shen Jie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPhosgene may induce acute lung injury (ALI) when a person is exposed to it. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were affirmed to have therapeutic effects on phosgene‐induced ALI. In a previous study, ALI exosomes have been confirmed to promote the proliferation and migration of MSCs. However, the mechanism of this phenomenon is still unclear. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are essential in the physiological process of cells. In this study, lung‐derived exosomes were isolated from phosgene‐exposed and normal rats, respectively, through ultracentrifugation and cultured MSCs with these exosomes. We found that rno‐miR‐34c‐3p was downregulated in MSCs cocultured with ALI exosomes. MiR‐34c‐3p inhibitor promoted the proliferation and migration of MSCs. Moreover, the dual‐luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that miR‐34c‐3p regulated Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) expression. The miR‐34c‐3p inhibitor also significantly activated the JAK1/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway. In conclusion, ALI exosomes decrease the miR‐34c‐3p expression levels, influencing MSCs via the JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway.
How to improve clotting factors depletion in double‐filtration plasmapheresis
Authors: Naciri Bennani Hamza , Marlu Raphael , Terrec Florian , Motte Lionel , Seyve Landry , Chevallier Eloi , Malvezzi Paolo , Jouve Thomas , Rostaing Lionel , Noble Johan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundDouble‐filtration plasmapheresis (DFPP), a selective therapeutic apheresis, can deplete pathogenic antibodies/substances, but also important coagulation factors.AimTo determine if the use of a separator filter with different characteristics (CascadefloEC‐50 W) as compared to the reference filter (PlasmafloOP‐08 W) is as efficient in terms of immunoglobulin loss, but can reduce coagulation factor losses and have similar tolerability.Patients/MethodsThis is a single‐center prospective study including 14 patients divided into two groups (7 each): that is, group1 = CascadefloEC‐50 W and group2 = PlasmafloOP‐08 W. We measured immunoglobulins, lipid profiles, blood‐cell counts, hemostasis (prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time), coagulation factors, and natural anticoagulants at before and after the first DFPP‐session.ResultsIn group 1, the loss of coagulation factors was significantly reduced as compared to group 2 for proteins with a molecular weight of >150 kDa: there was, respectively, an average decrease of 70% vs 31% for fibrinogen (P = 0.004), 66% vs 21% for factor V (P = 2.16e−07), 60% vs 32% for factor XI (P = 6.96e−06), 75% vs 17% for XIII‐antigen (P = 0.0002), and 47% vs 0% for VWF‐antigen(P = 0.02). The decrease in post‐session IgG was, on average, 45% in group 1 and 50% in group 2 (P = 0.13). Those results remained significant even when adjusted to the treated‐plasma volume and the pre‐DFPP factor values.ConclusionDFPP, using a CascadefloEC‐50W as a first‐filter, reduces efficiently IgGs similarly to PlasmafloOP‐08W but spares clotting factors.
Effects of 3‐nitrooxypropanol manure fertilizer on soil health and hydraulic properties
Authors: Owens Jennifer , Hao Xiying , Thomas Ben W. , Stoeckli Jessica , Soden Courtney , Acharya Surya , Lupwayi Newton 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSupplementing beef cattle with 3‐nitrooxypropanol (3‐NOP) decreases enteric methane production, but it is unknown if fertilizing soil with 3‐NOP manure influences soil health. We measured soil health indicators 2 yr after manure application to a bromegrass (Bromus L.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) mixed crop. Treatments were: composted conventional manure (without supplements); stockpiled conventional manure; composted manure from cattle supplemented with 3‐NOP; stockpiled 3‐NOP manure; composted manure from cattle supplemented with 3‐NOP and monensin (3‐NOP+Mon), a supplement that improves digestion; stockpiled 3‐NOP+Mon manure; inorganic fertilizer (150 kg N ha–1 and 50 kg P ha–1); and an unamended control. Select chemical (K+, Mg2+, Mn+, Zn+, pH, and Olsen‐P), biological (soil organic matter, active C, respiration, and extractable protein), physical (wet aggregate stability, bulk density, total porosity, and macro‐, meso‐, and micro‐porosity), and hydraulic (saturation, field capacity, wilting point, water holding capacity, and hydraulic conductivity) variables were measured. The inclusion of monensin decreased soil Zn+ concentrations by 70% in stockpiled 3‐NOP+Mon compared with stockpiled conventional manure. Active C and protein in composted conventional manure were 37 and 92% higher compared with stockpiled manure, respectively, but did not vary between 3‐NOP treatments. 3‐Nitrooxypropanol did not significantly alter other soil health indicators. Our results suggest that composted and stockpiled 3‐NOP manure can be used as a nutrient source for forage crops without requiring changes to current manure management because it has minimal influence on soil health.
Ecological adaptations of Amazonian fishes acquired during evolution under environmental variations in dissolved oxygen: A review of responses to hypoxia in fishes, featuring the hypoxia‐tolerantAstronotusspp.
Authors: Braz‐Mota Susana , Almeida‐Val Vera M. F. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe Amazon Basin presents a dynamic regime of dissolved oxygen (DO) oscillations, which varies among habitats within the basin, including spatially, daily, and seasonally. Fish species inhabiting these environments have developed many physiological adaptations to deal with the frequent and periodic events of low (hypoxia), or no (anoxia) DO in the water. Cichlid fishes, especially the genusAstronotus(A. ocellatusandA. crassipinnis), are hypoxic‐tolerant species that can survive in very low DO levels for long periods, while adults often inhabit places where DO is close to zero. The present review will focus on some metabolic adjustments that Amazonian fish use in response to hypoxic conditions, which include many strategies from behavioral, morphological, physiological, and biochemical strategies. These strategies include ASR (aerial surface respiration), lip expansion, branchial tissue remodeling, increases in glycolytic metabolism with the increase of blood glucose levels, and increases in anaerobic metabolism with increases of plasma lactate levels. Other groups over evolutionary time developed obligate aerial respiration with changes in pharyngeal and swim bladder vascularization as well as the development of a true lung. However, most species are water‐breathing species, such asA. ocellatusandA. crassipinnis, which are detailed in this study because they are used as hypoxia‐tolerant model fish. Herein, we draw together the literature data of the physiological mechanisms by which these species decrease aerobic metabolism and increase anaerobic metabolism to survive hypoxia. This is the first attempt to synthesize the physiological mechanisms of the hypoxia‐tolerantAstronotusspecies.
Sources of anxiety in young rural physicians working alone on remote islands: A qualitative study
Authors: Kuroda Kaku , Kuroda Moe , Ohta Ryuichi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to examine the sources of anxiety for young rural physicians working alone on remote islands.MethodsSemistructured interviews were conducted on six physicians who worked on remote islands. The Steps for Coding and Theorization method was used to analyze the content of the interviews.ResultsTwelve concepts were generated and categorized into four themes: solo practice, the tight‐knit community, limited human and medical resources, and future career.ConclusionYoung rural physicians' anxieties in solo practice on a remote island are complicated and include multiple dilemmas. Recognizing these anxieties helps with metacognition and professional development in these individuals.
Individual health behaviours to combat the COVID‐19 pandemic: lessons from HIV socio‐behavioural science
Authors: Haberer Jessica E , van der Straten Ariane , Safren Steven A , Johnson Mallory O , Amico K Rivet , del Rio Carlos , Andrasik Michele , Wilson Ira B , Simoni Jane M 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionCOVID‐19 parallels HIV in many ways. Socio‐behavioural science has been critical in elucidating the context and factors surrounding individual levels of engagement with known effective prevention and treatment tools for HIV, thus offering important lessons for ongoing efforts to combat the COVID‐19 pandemic.DiscussionNon‐adherence to effective disease mitigation strategies (e.g. condoms for HIV and masks for COVID‐19) can be attributed in part to prioritizing comfort, convenience and individual autonomy over public health. Importantly, misinformation can fuel denialism and conspiracies that discredit scientific knowledge and motivate nonadherence. These preferences and the extent to which individuals can act on their preferences may be constrained by the structures and culture in which they live. Both HIV and COVID‐19 have been politicized and influenced by evolving recommendations from scientists, clinicians, policymakers and politically motivated organizations. While vaccines are vital for ending both pandemics, their impact will depend on availability and uptake. Four decades of experience with the HIV epidemic have shown that information alone is insufficient to overcome these challenges; interventions must address the underlying, often complex factors that influence human behaviour. This article builds from socio‐behavioural science theory and describes practical and successful approaches to enable and support adherence to prevention and treatment strategies, including vaccine adoption. Key methods include reframing tools to enhance motivation, promoting centralized sources of trusted information, strategic development and messaging with and within key populations (e.g. through social media) and appealing to self‐empowerment, altruism and informed decision making. Orchestrated evidence‐based activism is needed to overcome manipulative politicization, while consistent transparent messaging around scientific discoveries and clinical recommendations are critical for public acceptance and support. Ultimately, the effectiveness of COVID‐19 vaccines will depend on our ability to engender trust in the communities most affected.ConclusionsMany lessons learned from socio‐behavioural science in the HIV pandemic are applicable to the COVID‐19 pandemic. Individual behaviour must be understood within its interpersonal and societal context to address the current barriers to adherence to disease‐mitigating strategies and promote an effective response to the COVID‐19 pandemic, which is likely to be endured for the foreseeable future.
Three‐Dimensional (3D) Breath‐Hold Zoomed MR Cholangiopancreatography (MRCP): Evaluation of Additive Value to Conventional 3D Navigator Triggering MRCP in Patients With Branch Duct Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms
Authors: Tanabe Masahiro , Onoda Hideko , Higashi Mayumi , Morooka Ryoko , Ihara Kenichiro , Tanabe Masaya , Matsukuma Miwa , Iida Etsushi , Furukawa Matakazu , Ito Katsuyoshi 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundTo resolve drawbacks of navigator triggering (NT) three‐dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP), several approaches were proposed to obtain 3D MRCP within a single breath‐hold (BH). However, reduced field‐of‐view technique in the phase‐encoding direction combined with two‐dimensional spatially selective radiofrequency excitation pulses has not yet been applied to 3D BH MRCP.PurposeTo investigate the feasibility and the complementary value of 3D BH zoomed MRCP to conventional 3D NT MRCP in patients with branch duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (BD‐IPMNs) of the pancreas.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationA total of 221 patients (116 male and 105 female, median age 73 years) with BD‐IPMNs.Field Strength/Sequence3.0 T/3D turbo spin echoAssessmentMR images were analyzed by three radiologists (R.M., H.O., M.T., with 1, 13, and 17 years of experience) to compare blurring and motion artifacts, background suppression, visualization of main pancreatic duct (MPD), conspicuity of BD‐IPMN, and overall image quality.Statistical TestsWilcoxon‐signed rank, Mann–Whitney U, chi‐squared or Fisher's exact tests (P < 0.05).ResultsImage quality was significantly higher on 3D NT MRCP images than on 3D BH zoomed MRCP (median (interquartile range); background suppression, 4 (4–4) vs. 3 (3–4); visualization of MPD, 4 (3–4) vs. 4 (3–4), conspicuity of BD‐IPMN, 4 (3–4) vs. 3 (3–4); and overall image quality, 3 (3–4) vs. 3 (3‐3)). However, in 32 (14%) patients, 3D NT MRCP showed a score of 1 or 2 in overall image quality. Regarding the conspicuity of BD‐IPMN, a conspicuity score of 1 or 2 was rendered in 31 (14%) patients in 3D NT MRCP group. Conversely, 3D BH zoomed MRCP showed a score of 3 or 4 in 29 (94%) of these 31 patients.Data Conclusion3D BH zoomed MRCP plays a complementary role to 3D NT MRCP, and may improve the conspicuity of BD‐IPMNs in patients with irregular breathing pattern.Level of Evidence4Technical EfficacyStage 2
Development and validation of a simplified risk score for the prediction of critical COVID‐19 illness in newly diagnosed patients
Authors: Werfel Stanislas , Jakob Carolin E. M. , Borgmann Stefan , Schneider Jochen , Spinner Christoph , Schons Maximilian , Hower Martin , Wille Kai , Haselberger Martina , Heuzeroth Hanno , Rüthrich Maria M. , Dolff Sebastian , Kessel Johanna , Heemann Uwe , Vehreschild Jörg J. , Rieg Siegbert , Schmaderer Christoph ,   the LEOSS study group
Published: July 2021

AbstractScores to identify patients at high risk of progression of coronavirus disease (COVID‐19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), may become instrumental for clinical decision‐making and patient management. We used patient data from the multicentre Lean European Open Survey on SARS‐CoV‐2‐Infected Patients (LEOSS) and applied variable selection to develop a simplified scoring system to identify patients at increased risk of critical illness or death. A total of 1946 patients who tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 were included in the initial analysis and assigned to derivation and validation cohorts (n = 1297 and n = 649, respectively). Stability selection from over 100 baseline predictors for the combined endpoint of progression to the critical phase or COVID‐19‐related death enabled the development of a simplified score consisting of five predictors: C‐reactive protein (CRP), age, clinical disease phase (uncomplicated vs. complicated), serum urea, and D‐dimer (abbreviated as CAPS‐D score). This score yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.81 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.77–0.85) in the validation cohort for predicting the combined endpoint within 7 days of diagnosis and 0.81 (95% CI: 0.77–0.85) during full follow‐up. We used an additional prospective cohort of 682 patients, diagnosed largely after the “first wave” of the pandemic to validate the predictive accuracy of the score and observed similar results (AUC for the event within 7 days: 0.83 [95% CI: 0.78–0.87]; for full follow‐up: 0.82 [95% CI: 0.78–0.86]). An easily applicable score to calculate the risk of COVID‐19 progression to critical illness or death was thus established and validated.