bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circular RNA circ_0128846 promotes the progression of osteoarthritis by regulating miR-127-5p/NAMPT axis
Authors: Liu Chao , Cheng Ping , Liang Jianjun , Zhao Xiaoming , Du Wei 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Mounting evidence indicates that circular RNAs (circRNAs) participate in the occurrence and development of various diseases, including osteoarthritis (OA). However, the effects and molecular mechanism of circ_0128846 in OA have not been reported.

Methods
The expression levels of circ_0128846, microRNA-127-5p (miR-127-5p), and nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) or western blot assay. Cell viability was determined by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Cell apoptosis was examined by flow cytometry and western blot assay. Inflammatory response and cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation were evaluated by western blot assay. The relationship between miR-127-5p and circ_0128846 or NAMPT was predicted by bioinformatics tools and verified by dual-luciferase reporter and RNA Immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays.

Results
Circ_0128846 and NAMPT were upregulated and miR-127-5p was downregulated in OA cartilage tissues. Knockdown of circ_0128846 increased cell viability and inhibited apoptosis, inflammation and ECM degradation in OA chondrocytes, while these effects were reversed by downregulating miR-127-5p. Moreover, circ_0128846 positively regulated NAMPT expression by sponging miR-127-5p. Furthermore, miR-127-5p promoted cell viability and suppressed apoptosis, inflammation, and ECM degradation in OA chondrocytes by directly targeting NAMPT.

Conclusion
Circ_0128846 knockdown might inhibit the progression of OA by upregulating miR-127-5p and downregulating NAMPT, offering a new insight into the potential application of circ_0128846 in OA treatment.
Visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) positivity among female sex workers: a cross-sectional study highlighting one-year experiences in early detection of pre-cancerous and cancerous cervical lesions in Kampala, Uganda
Authors: Namale Gertrude , Mayanja Yunia , Kamacooko Onesmus , Bagiire Daniel , Ssali Agnes , Seeley Janet , Newton Robert , Kamali Anatoli 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Although cervical cancer is preventable, most women in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) do not receive routine screening and few treatment options exist. Female Sex Workers (FSWs) are among the Ugandan female population at highest risk of acquiring sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including HIV and human papilloma viruses (HPV), the cause of cervical cancer. We report one-year experiences of visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) positivity among FSWs in the early detection of pre-cancerous and cancerous cervical lesions in Kampala, Uganda.

Methods
Between June 2014 and July 2015, we enrolled FSWs into a cross-sectional study at a research clinic. The women were screened using the VIA method (application of 3–5 % acetic acid to the cervix). All VIA positive women were referred to a tertiary hospital for colposcopy, biopsy, and immediate treatment (if indicated) at the same visit according to national guidelines. Data on socio-demographic, sexual behaviour, sexual reproductive health and clinical characteristics were collected. We used logistic regression to identify factors associated with VIA positivity.

Results
Of 842 women assessed for eligibility, 719 (85 %) of median age 30 (IQR 26, 35) were screened, and 40 (6 %) women were VIA positive. Of the 24 histology specimens analysed, 6 showed inflammation, only 1 showed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 1, 13 women showed CIN2/3, while 4 women already had invasive cervical cancer. The overall prevalence of HIV was 43 %, of whom only 35 % were receiving ART. In the age-adjusted analysis, VIA positivity was more likely among women who reported having > 100 life-time partners (aOR = 3.34, 95 %CI: 1.38–8.12), and HIV positive women (aOR = 4.55; 95 %CI: 2.12–9.84).

Conclusions
We found a relatively low proportion of VIA positivity in this population. The experience from our program implies that the VIA results are poorly reproducible even among a category of trained professional health workers. VIA positivity was more likely among women with a high number of sexual partners and HIV infection. Interventions for improving cervical cancer screening should be recommended as part of HIV care for FSWs to reduce the disease burden in this population.
Tranexamic acid lowers transfusion requirements and hospital length of stay following revision total hip or knee arthroplasty
Authors: Gianakos Arianna L. , Saad Bishoy N. , Haring Richard , Menken Luke G. , Elkattaway Sherif , Liporace Frank A. , Yoon Richard S. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Backgroud
Intravenous tranexamic acid (TXA) has been shown to reduce blood loss in patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty without systemic complications. There is limited evidence of its effectiveness in revision procedures. This study evaluated intravenous TXA effect on blood loss, transfusion rates, and length of hospital stay in revision joint replacement.

Methods
One-hundred revision total joint arthroplasty patients were retrospectively reviewed [44 revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) and 54 revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA)] who underwent surgery from 2013 to 2016. Fifty-four revision joint patients (23 THA and 31 TKA) received intravenous TXA intra-operatively, while 46 revision joint patients (23 THA/TKA) did not. Primary outcome measures were blood loss, transfusion rates, and length of hospital stay.

Results
The mean blood loss difference between revision THA patients who received TXA vs. not receiving TXA was 180ml in revision THA patients (p < .005). Mean length of hospital stay was 6 days in non-TXA vs. 3 days in TXA patients (p < .001). Eighteen patients received transfusions in the non-TXA revision TKA group compared to nine patients in the TXA revision TKA group (p < .001). Average length of hospital stay was 5 days in the non-TXA revision TKA group compared to 3 days in the TXA revision TKA group (p < .003). There was no increased risk of thromboembolic complications in TXA groups for either procedure.

Conclusions
Intravenous TXA reduced length of hospital stay in both revision cohorts, decreased blood loss in revision THA and decreased the rate of transfusion in revision TKA without an increase in thromboembolic complications.

Level of Evidence
Level III (Case-control study)
Characteristics of inflammatory phenotypes among patients with asthma: relationships of blood count parameters with sputum cellular phenotypes
Authors: Shi Bingqing , Li Wei , Hao Yuqiu , Dong Hongna , Cao Wenjing , Guo Jie , Gao Peng 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
There is a need to identify the asthma inflammatory phenotypes of patients to facilitate personalized asthma treatment. Sputum induction is time-consuming and requires expert clinical technique. This study aimed to assess the distribution and characteristics of asthma inflammatory phenotypes in Jilin Province, China; it also aimed to identify an easier method for characterization of an asthma phenotype, rather than sputum cellular analysis.

Methods
In this study, 232 asthma patients underwent sputum induction following clinical assessment and blood collection. Inflammatory cell counts in sputum were used to classify asthma inflammatory phenotypes. Receiver operating characteristic curve and Spearman correlation coefficient analyses were used to identify correlations between clinical parameters.

Results
Among the included patients, there had 52.1% paucigranulocytic, 38.4% eosinophilic, 4.3% neutrophilic, and 5.2% mixed granulocytic asthma phenotypes, respectively. In total, 129 (55.6%) patients had asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) overlap (ACO); these patients had higher proportion of smokers, higher sputum neutrophil count, worse lung function, and worse asthma control, compared with patients who had asthma alone (p < 0.05). Sputum eosinophil/neutrophil counts were positively correlated with blood eosinophil/neutrophil counts (p < 0.01). To identify the presence of sputum eosinophil proportion ≥ 3%, optimal cut-off values for blood eosinophil count and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) were 0.2 × 109/L and 30.25 ppd (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.744; AUC = 0.653, p < 0.001). AUCs did not significantly differ between FeNO and blood eosinophil count (p = 0.162), but both exhibited poor specificity (57% and 49%, respectively). To identify the presence of sputum neutrophil proportion ≥ 61%, the optimal cut-off value for blood neutrophil proportion was 69.3% (AUC = 0.691, p = 0.0003); however, this exhibited poor sensitivity (50%).

Conclusions
Paucigranulocytic asthma was the most common phenotype, followed by eosinophilic asthma. Higher proportion of smokers, poor patient compliance, insufficient treatment, and poor asthma control may have been the main causes of high ACO proportion among patients in this study. Blood eosinophil/neutrophil counts exhibited poor specificity and sensitivity for prediction of airway eosinophilic/neutrophilic inflammation.
Esophageal metastases from primary lung cancer: a case report
Authors: Wang Chang-Yong , Xu Gang , Gao Chuan , Wang Dong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Primary lung cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers. The common metastatic sites are the liver, bones, brain, adrenal glands and central nervous system. However, gastrointestinal metastases, particularly esophageal metastases, from lung cancer are rare. There are no cases of esophageal metastases from lung cancer which refer to its particular treatment.

Case presentation
We report a case of esophageal metastases from lung cancer. The patient was a 55-year-old Han Chinese man who first attended our hospital due to dry cough and was diagnosed with late-stage lung cancer. Three months later, the patient complained of dysphagia. Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) and pathological examination of the biopsy specimen was performed to confirm the lesion was metastases from lung cancer. Thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1), cytokeratin 7 (CK-7) and napsin A were positive by immunohistochemistry examination. These results reconfirmed the diagnosis of esophageal metastases from lung cancer.

Conclusions
Esophageal metastasis from lung cancer is very rare. It may be alleviated with personalized chemotherapy. In addition, molecular targeted therapy for patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations may be reasonable.
Slit diaphragm maintenance requires dynamic clathrin-mediated endocytosis facilitated by AP-2, Lap, Aux and Hsc70-4 in nephrocytes
Authors: Wang Luyao , Wen Pei , van de Leemput Joyce , Zhao Zhanzheng , Han Zhe 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
The Slit diaphragm (SD) is the key filtration structure in human glomerular kidney that is affected in many types of renal diseases. SD proteins are known to undergo endocytosis and recycling to maintain the integrity of the filtration structure. However, the key components of this pathway remain unclear.

Methods
Using the Drosophila nephrocyte as a genetic screen platform, we screened most genes involved in endocytosis and cell trafficking, and identified the key components of the cell trafficking pathway required for SD protein endocytosis and recycling.

Results
We discovered that the SD protein endocytosis and recycling pathway contains clathrin, dynamin, AP-2 complex, like-AP180 (Lap), auxilin and Hsc70-4 (the endocytosis part) followed by Rab11 and the exocyst complex (the recycling part). Disrupting any component in this pathway led to disrupted SD on the cell surface and intracellular accumulation of mislocalized SD proteins. We also showed the first in vivo evidence of trapped SD proteins in clathrin-coated pits at the plasma membrane when this pathway is disrupted.

Conclusions
All genes in this SD protein endocytosis and recycling pathway, as well as SD proteins themselves, are highly conserved from flies to humans. Thus, our results suggest that the SD proteins in human kidney undergo the same endocytosis and recycling pathway to maintain the filtration structure, and mutations in any genes in this pathway could lead to abnormal SD and renal diseases.
The effectiveness of an online interdisciplinary intervention for mental health promotion: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Przybylko Geraldine , Morton Darren , Kent Lillian , Morton Jason , Hinze Jason , Beamish Peter , Renfrew Mel 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
There is an urgent need for efficacious interventions to combat the global mental health crisis, and mental health promotion and primary prevention approaches are paramount. The aim of this study is to examine whether an online interdisciplinary intervention that incorporates evidence-based strategies from the disciplines of Lifestyle Medicine and Positive Psychology improves measures of mental health and emotional wellness.

Methods
A randomized controlled trial with a wait-list control (N = 425, aged 46.97 ± 14.5, 69.9% females) was conducted in Australia and New Zealand. The intervention group participated in a 10-week online interdisciplinary intervention. Primary outcome measures of mental health and emotional wellness were taken at baseline (Week 1), post-intervention (Week 12), and 12 weeks post-intervention (Week 24). The wait-list control completed the same assessments.

Results
General Linear Modelling analyses indicated that the intervention group experienced significantly greater improvements than the wait-list control group over time in all outcome measures: mental health (F(319) = 7.326, p = 0.007) and vitality (F(319) = 9.445, p = 0.002) subscales of the Short Form Survey (SF-36); depression (F(319) = 7.841, p = 0.005), anxiety (F(319) = 4.440, p = 0.36) and stress (F(319) = 12.494, p < 0.001) scales of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21); and life satisfaction (F(319) = 8.731, p = 0.003) as measured by the Satisfaction With Life Scale. Within the intervention group, significant improvements were observed from Week 1 to 12 in all outcome measures: mental health (10%, t(167) = − 6.423), p < 0.001, dz = 0.50), vitality (22%, t(167) = − 7.043, p < 0.001, dz = 0.54), depression (− 41%, t(167) = 6.189, p < 0.001, dz = 0.48), anxiety (− 38%, t(167) = 5.030, p < 0.001, dz = 0.39), stress (− 31%, t(167) = 6.702, p < 0.001, dz = 0.52) and life satisfaction (8%, t(167) = − 6.199, p < 0.001, dz = 0.48). Improvements in the outcome measures remained significant in the intervention group at 12 weeks post-intervention.

Conclusion
The online interdisciplinary intervention improved measures of mental health and emotional wellness suggesting that such interventions may be useful for mental health promotion and prevention.
Trial registration The Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry. ACTRN12619000993190. Registered on 12 July 2019 (Retrospectively registered). The ANZCTRN is part of the WHO Primary Registries.
Ectopic decidua of the appendix: a case report
Authors: Kaneko Manabu , Nozawa Hiroaki , Rokutan Hirofumi , Murono Koji , Ushiku Tetsuo , Ishihara Soichiro 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Ectopic decidua is the presence of decidual tissue outside the uterus. Ectopic decidua of the appendix is a rare entity that can present with abdominal symptoms mimicking appendicitis. We report a case of a 39-year-old female patient at 27 weeks gestational age with a 2-day history of right lower quadrant abdominal pain.

Case presentation
The patient was referred to our hospital with suspicion of either acute appendicitis or threatened rupture of the uterus, the latter of which was considered unlikely following close examination. Therefore, she underwent emergency appendectomy via laparotomy. Microscopic examination revealed decidual tissue with myxoid degeneration in the subserosal layer of the tip side of the appendix, without endometriosis, which was compatible with ectopic decidua (deciduosis).

Conclusions
Because it is extremely difficult to distinguish ectopic decidua of the appendix from acute appendicitis, even with various imaging modalities, we should be aware that ectopic decidua of the appendix is a differential diagnosis for acute appendicitis in pregnant women.
Structure of a hinge joint with textured sliding surfaces in terrestrial isopods (Crustacea: Isopoda: Oniscidea)
Authors: Vittori Miloš 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
The study of joints in terrestrial arthropods can provide insights into the evolutionary optimization of contacting surfaces that slide without lubrication. This work reports on the structure of the joint between the propodus and the dactylus in terrestrial isopods, the most successful group of crustaceans on land, focusing on the woodlouse Porcellio scaber.

Methods
The joints were studied using fluorescence microscopy, 3D reconstruction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The obtained results were functionally interpreted using high-speed video recordings by analyzing the use of the joint during locomotion.

Results
In the joint, which allows the dactylus to move in a single plain, a semicircular process on the propodus fits into a groove on the dactylus and guides its movement. The sliding surfaces of the propodal process are textured in the form of parallel epicuticular ridges a few hundred nanometers thick. This texturing is selective: while the less heavily loaded surfaces are textured, the surfaces that support the isopod during standing and walking are smooth. In contrast, the groove on the dactylus is completely smooth. We found a similar surface texture in several other species of terrestrial isopods and one aquatic isopod.

Conclusions
The selective texturing of the joint may reduce wear by eliminating small particles. This effect of the ridges was confirmed using electron microscopy. The absence of ridges on heavily loaded surfaces may enhance the dissipation of forces in these regions.
CBR3 V244M is associated with LVEF reduction in breast cancer patients treated with doxorubicin
Authors: Lang Jennifer K. , Karthikeyan Badri , Quiñones-Lombraña Adolfo , Blair Rachael Hageman , Early Amy P. , Levine Ellis G. , Sharma Umesh C. , Blanco Javier G. , O’Connor Tracey 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
The CBR3 V244M single nucleotide polymorphism has been linked to the risk of anthracycline-related cardiomyopathy in survivors of childhood cancer. There have been limited prospective studies examining the impact of CBR3 V244M on the risk for anthracycline-related cardiotoxicity in adult cohorts.

Objectives
This study evaluated the presence of associations between CBR3 V244M genotype status and changes in echocardiographic parameters in breast cancer patients undergoing doxorubicin treatment.

Methods
We recruited 155 patients with breast cancer receiving treatment with doxorubicin (DOX) at Roswell Park Comprehensive Care Center (Buffalo, NY) to a prospective single arm observational pharmacogenetic study. Patients were genotyped for the CBR3 V244M variant. 92 patients received an echocardiogram at baseline (t0 month) and at 6 months (t6 months) of follow up after DOX treatment. Apical two-chamber and four-chamber echocardiographic images were used to calculate volumes and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) using Simpson’s biplane rule by investigators blinded to all patient data. Volumetric indices were evaluated by normalizing the cardiac volumes to the body surface area (BSA).

Results
Breast cancer patients with CBR3 GG and AG genotypes both experienced a statistically significant reduction in LVEF at 6 months following initiation of DOX treatment for breast cancer compared with their pre-DOX baseline study. Patients homozygous for the CBR3 V244M G allele (CBR3 V244) exhibited a further statistically significant decrease in LVEF at 6 months following DOX therapy in comparison with patients with heterozygous AG genotype. We found no differences in age, pre-existing cardiac diseases associated with myocardial injury, cumulative DOX dose, or concurrent use of cardioprotective medication between CBR3 genotype groups.

Conclusions
CBR3 V244M genotype status is associated with changes in echocardiographic parameters suggestive of early anthracycline-related cardiomyopathy in subjects undergoing chemotherapy for breast cancer.
Aggression in ADHD: relation to salivary cortisol
Authors: El Ghamry Reem H. , Mohamed Mona M. , Azzam Hanan M. , Elhabiby Mahmoud M. , Hasan Haytham M. , Hashish Adel F. , Elhamshary Mohammed M. , Barakat Doaa M. H. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Study of cortisol levels in patients with ADHD in correlation with aggressive behaviors associated with ADHD has received limited research attention. This factor is essential for comprehending the psychopathophysiology of ADHD and its comorbidities. The present study aimed to investigate the cortisol level in ADHD children and its relation to severity of symptoms and associated aggressive behavior in those children. The sample consisted of 129 patients and 80 healthy controls evaluated by administering the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children, The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Conners’ parent rating scale, problem scale of C.B.C.L., and Socioeconomic Status Scale. Salivary cortisol was measured using radio-immune assay.

Results
Salivary cortisol level in our ADHD subjects was significantly lower (11.826 ng/ml) than in the control group (19.619 ng/ml with P-value 0.001). Our results failed to find any correlation between ADHD symptoms severity and salivary cortisol levels. Severity of delinquent, aggressive, and externalizing behaviors of ADHD children positively correlated with cortisol salivary levels.

Conclusion
Salivary cortisol levels are lower in children with ADHD relative to age- and sex-matched healthy controls. In addition, there is no obvious correlation between severity of ADHD symptoms and basal salivary cortisol levels. We also concluded that there is positive correlation between delinquent, aggressive, and externalizing behaviors in children with ADHD and their basal salivary cortisol levels.
Neglected reactive arthritis complicated by bilateral hip and temporomandibular joints ankylosis after a suspected tetanus infection: a case report
Authors: Mahran Mohamed A. , Khalifa Ahmed A. , Elsherif Mohamed Eslam , Refai Omar 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Reactive arthritis had been reported to occur after various vaccinations, including the tetanus toxoid vaccine; here, we report a case of ankylosing arthropathy suggested to be a complication of missed neglected reactive arthritis after tetanus infection.

Case presentation
A healthy 20-year-old woman presented with subtrochanteric right femoral fracture; imaging studies showed bilateral ankylosed hip, kyphoscoliosis, bilateral fused temporomandibular joints, and normal sacroiliac joints bilaterally. Laboratory investigations for a rheumatic or autoimmune disease were all within normal ranges. Detailed history revealed admission of the patient to an ICU unit (1 year before the trauma) for a month as she was diagnosed as having tetanus infection, after which she was unable to walk or feed herself. At the final follow-up, the patient started walking with a moderate limb after having a series of surgeries including femoral fracture fixation, temporomandibular joint excision arthroplasty, and bilateral total hip arthroplasty.

Conclusion
Unusual complications after tetanus infection can occur in the form of joint ankylosis, which could be presented after prolonged immobilization possibly due to improper management of reactive arthritis.