bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Helfen, weil es glücklich macht?
Authors: Klöcker Katharina 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The author turns to the question of the significance of motivation for action. She explains how, from the perspective of Christian ethics, this basic moral philosophical problem is further exacerbated by a thought of God that is aimed at practical action. Since Christian faith can motivate to social action, but not justify morality, the question of the religious motives of helping and the experiences associated with them becomes virulent in the present context. If Christianity wants to develop a motivating force for solidarity in post-secular societies, Christian ethics cannot avoid critically reflecting on Christian motives in terms of structures that promote asymmetries and dependencies. At the same time, it must extrapolate alternative religious interpretations of helping that can develop plausibility potential in society and become morally effective.
The Correlations between Cord Blood Leptin and Leptin Level at Six Months with Infant Growth
Authors: Rosita Ika Rara , Utari Agustini , Mexitalia Maria 
Published: December 2021

Background: Leptin plays an important role in regulating body weight, metabolism, and reproductive functions. Leptin affects metabolism by reducing nutrient intake and increasing energy expenditure which eventually also plays a role in infant growth.Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship between leptin levels and infant growth age 0-6 months.Methods: A prospective cohort study was done for six months on 38 infants, age 0-6 months, from breastfeeding mothers with normal pregnancies. The samples were taken twice, firstly when the infant was born using an umbilical cord blood sample, and secondly at the age of six months, using a vein blood sample. Serum leptin levels were measured using the ELISA method. Infant growth was assessed using WHO 2005’s z-scores.Results: A total of 50 babies were included in the study, 38 of them had been studied completely. Significant correlations were found between the mean of the umbilical cord and six months of age leptin levels (p <0.001), between delta leptin with WHZ and delta leptin with WAZ at six months of age (p = 0.002 and p = 0.003, respectively), and between leptin levels with WHZ (p<0.001) and leptin levels with WAZ (p = 0.004) at six months of age. Leptin levels at the age of six months are lower than umbilical cord blood leptin. Conclusion: The greater decrease of leptin level in the first six months is associated with better infant growth.
Fenomenologiczny paradygmat psychoterapii Gestalt
Authors: JAWOR MAREK 
Published: December 2021

This article examines the influence of the assumptions of the phenomenological method on the shape of Gestalt psychotherapy. Therefore, a comparative analysis of the main ideas of Edmund Husserl’s philosophy and the basic assumptions of Gestalt psychotherapy was performer. The strenght and importance of the underlying connections are indicated by both research methods used in Gestalt therapy: the directness of experiencem „suspedding” one’s own beliefs, horizontal description, and categories related to awareness: contact intentionality and „here and now” experience.
Expert interpretation of genes and variants in hereditary hearing loss
Authors: DiStefano Marina T. , Hughes Madeline Y. , Patel Mayher J. , Wilcox Emma H. , Oza Andrea M. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background:
Hearing loss (HL) is the most common sensory deficit from birth, with at least 50 % due to an underlying genetic etiology. A genetic evaluation is a recommended component to the medical workup for HL, and a genetic diagnosis can impact medical management and provide prognostic and recurrence risk information. The accuracy of a genetic diagnosis relies on the evidence supporting the gene–disease relationship, as well as the evidence supporting individual variant classifications. As such, the ClinGen Hearing Loss Working Group was formed and tasked with curating genes associated with genetic hearing loss and developing specifications of the ACMG/AMP variant interpretation guidelines with the goal of improving the genetic diagnosis of patients with HL.

Objectives:
To describe the prioritization and expert curation of genes and variants associated with HL performed under the purview of the ClinGen Hearing Loss Gene and Variant Expert Panels (HL GCEP and VCEP).

Materials and methods:
HL genes were taken from clinical testing panels in the Genetic Testing Registry and prioritized based on a nonsyndromic presentation. Variants were taken from ClinVar and those with diverse data types and medically significant conflicts were prioritized to test the specified variant interpretation guidelines and to resolve classification discrepancies, respectively.

Conclusions:
The ClinGen HL GCEP has curated 174 gene–disease pairs. The HL VCEP has submitted 77 variants, including the previously controversial p.Met34Thr and p.Val37Ile variants in GJB2, into ClinVar, as an FDA-recognized database. Collaboration across clinics and laboratories were crucial to these curations and highlight the impact that data sharing can have on patient care.
Gene therapy as a possible option to treat hereditary hearing loss
Authors: Morgan Michael , Schott Juliane W. , Rossi Axel , Landgraf Christian , Warnecke Athanasia , Staecker Hinrich , Lesinski-Schiedat Anke , Schlegelberger Brigitte , Büning Hildegard , Auber Bernd , Schambach Axel 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The process of hearing involves a series of events. The energy of sound is captured by the outer ear and further transferred through the external auditory canal to the middle ear. In the middle ear, sound waves are converted into movements of the tympanic membrane and the ossicles, thereby amplifying the pressure so that it is sufficient to cause movement of the cochlear fluid. The traveling wave within the cochlea leads to depolarization of the inner ear hair cells that, in turn, release the neurotransmitter glutamate. Thereby, the spiral ganglion neurons are activated to transfer the signals via the auditory pathway to the primary auditory cortex. This complex combination of mechanosensory and physiological mechanisms involves many distinct types of cells, the function of which are impacted by numerous proteins, including those involved in ion channel activity, signal transduction and transcription. In the last 30 years, pathogenic variants in over 150 genes were found to be linked to hearing loss. Hearing loss affects over 460 million people world-wide, and current treatment approaches, such as hearing aids and cochlear implants, serve to improve hearing capacity but do not address the underlying genetic cause of hearing loss. Therefore, therapeutic strategies designed to correct the genetic defects causative for hearing loss offer the possibility to treat these patients. In this review, we will discuss genetic causes of hearing loss, novel gene therapeutic strategies to correct hearing loss due to gene defects and some of the preclinical studies in hearing loss animal models as well as the clinical translation of gene therapy approaches to treat hearing loss patients.
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and hereditary motor neuropathies – Update 2020
Authors: Rudnik-Schöneborn Sabine , Auer-Grumbach Michaela , Senderek Jan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Inherited peripheral neuropathy is the most common hereditary neuromuscular disease with a prevalence of about 1:2,500. The most frequent form is Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT, or hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy [HMSN]). Other clinical entities are hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies (HNPP), distal hereditary motor neuropathies (dHMN), and hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathies (HSAN). With the exception of HNPP, which is almost always caused by defects of the PMP22 gene, all other forms show genetic heterogeneity with altogether more than 100 genes involved. Mutation detection rates vary considerably, reaching up to 80 % in demyelinating CMT (CMT1) but are still as low as 10–30 % in axonal CMT (CMT2), dHMN, and HSAN. Based on current information, analysis of only four genes (PMP22, GJB1, MPZ, MFN2) identifies 80–90 % of CMT-causing mutations that can be detected in all known disease genes. For the remaining patients, parallel analysis of multiple neuropathy genes using next-generation sequencing is now replacing phenotype-oriented multistep gene-by-gene sequencing. Such approaches tend to generate a wealth of genetic information that requires comprehensive evaluation of the pathogenic relevance of identified variants. In this review, we present current classification systems, specific phenotypic clues, and diagnostic yields in the different subgroups of hereditary CMT and motor neuropathies.
Genetic counseling and diagnostic guidelines for couples with infertility and/or recurrent miscarriage
Authors: Wyrwoll Margot J. , Rudnik-Schöneborn Sabine , Tüttelmann Frank 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Around 10–15 % of all couples are infertile, rendering infertility a widespread disease. Male and female causes contribute equally to infertility, and, depending on the definition, roughly 1 % to 5 % of all couples experience recurrent miscarriages. In German-speaking countries, recommendations for infertile couples and couples with recurrent miscarriages are published as consensus-based (S2k) Guidelines by the “Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften” (AWMF). This article summarizes the current recommendations with regard to genetic counseling and diagnostics.
Prior to genetic counseling, the infertile couple must undergo a gynecological/andrological examination, which includes anamnesis, hormonal profiling, physical examination and genital ultrasound. Women should be examined for the presence of hyperandrogenemia. Men must further undergo a semen analysis. Based on the overall results, hyper- or hypogonadotropic hypogonadism can be diagnosed in both sexes.
Female genetic diagnostics for infertility comprise karyotyping, analysis of the FMR1 premutation and a gene panel including genes associated with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) or congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Male genetic diagnostics for infertility comprise karyotyping, screening for AZF microdeletions, CFTR analysis and a gene panel including genes associated with CHH. Also, gene panels are increasingly being used to causally clarify specific phenotypes such as defective sperm morphology/motility or azoospermia. As infertile couples have an increased risk for chromosomal aberrations, a chromosomal analysis should also be offered to both partners prior to undergoing assisted reproductive technology. In couples with recurrent miscarriages, karyotyping is recommended to detect balanced structural chromosomal aberrations.
Looking back, looking forward
Authors: Barndt Deborah 
Published: December 2021

The Earth to Tables Legacies Project emerged in 2015, growing out of personal relationships, but also built on a long trajectory of participatory research, multimedia arts production and popular education. We created an intergenerational and intercultural exchange of food activists working for food justice and food sovereignty with the initial goal of producing a feature length documentary. However, the project evolved over five years to culminate in a multimedia educational package with 10 short videos and 11 photo essays, all accompanied by facilitator’s guides. A web series on the pandemic is in production and a forthcoming book is to be published in 2021.

The intergenerational production team included Deborah Barndt (co-director and co-editor), Lauren Baker (co-editor) and Alexandra Gelis (co-director). In this ‘report from the field,’ the two co-directors Alexandra and Deborah look back on the process of co-producing the visual materials for the interactive website and look forward to its potential use in university classes, schools, and social and environmental justice organizations. Parts of the essay include our zoom dialogue as we revisit our process over the past five years and try to elucidate our way of working, while reflecting on the challenges of the collaborative production and use of multimedia educational tools.

Note that this essay utilizes the same kind of text with hyperlinks that are featured in our website and book. The reader is encouraged to click on the links to learn more about the people and their practices as well as the concept of a non-linear multimedia educational tool and process.
ADHD and DIRAS Single Nucleotide Polymorphism as an Indicator of Prolonged Concussion Recovery
Authors: Kenney Taziah , McDevitt Jane 
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the association between the presence of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP; rs1412005) within DIRAS2 (i.e., a gene associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and prolonged recovery following a sport-related concussion. A case-control study design was implemented, where cases and controls were selected from a cohort of 117 deidentified concussed athletes. Eleven samples from this patient cohort self-reported ADHD diagnosis and were age and sex-matched to 22 participants with no self-reported ADHD diagnoses. The average recovery times were 21.50 + 13.96 days and 15.66 + 8.50 days for the case and control groups, respectively. The authors found that only 13.6% of the individuals without an ADHD diagnosis recovered in > 30 days (p = 0.044). Also, the authors found that 72.7% of the carriers of the T allele (i.e., minor allele) recovered in greater than 30 days (p = 0.213). Researchers concluded that individuals with ADHD had a higher risk of prolonged concussion recovery lasting greater than 30 days. Also, carrying the rare allele was associated with prolonged recovery, which suggests this SNP could be a potential genetic marker for both prolonged concussion recovery and the presence of ADHD.
Social media use and physical activity participation in college students: An exploratory analysis
Authors: Amanda Folk  , Sara Kovacs  
Published: December 2021

Social media has become a part of a college student’s environment, highlighting the importance of investigating the role that social media may play in PA participation and other health behaviors.
Purpose: To describe social media use and physical activity (PA) participation in a sample of college students and explore relationships between social media and PA, including health and fitness social media.
Methods: College students (age 18-29 years) enrolled at a four-year university completed an online questionnaire regarding self-reported social media use and PA participation. Independent sample t-tests were used to compare PA outcomes between those that follow health and fitness accounts and those who do not. A multiple linear regression model was used to examine associations between social media use and PA.
Results: Two hundred and ninety-two students completed the questionnaire (63.72% female, 63.61% white, BMI 24.14±4.25 kg/m2). There was no difference in PA participation between those that do and do not follow health and fitness social media in moderate (p=0.17) or vigorous intensity PA (p=1.0) when controlling for confounding variables. Spending 1-2 hours/day (p=0.02) or 3-4 hours/day (p=0.01) on social media compared to <1 hour/day and accessing social media in the evening (p=0.04) are associated with lower moderate PA.
Conclusions: Following health and fitness social media may not have the intended impact on college student PA. Further research needs to be done to assess the most effective and impactful strategies for content delivery via social media to increase PA behavior.
Das (neue) Bilanzrecht der Wertpapierinstitute
Authors: Gaber Christian 
Published: December 2021

Zusammenfassung
Zur Umsetzung europäischer Vorgaben klassifiziert der deutsche Gesetzgeber bestimmte Finanzdienstleister seit Inkrafttreten des „Gesetzes zur Umsetzung der Richtlinie (EU) 2019/2034 über die Beaufsichtigung der Wertpapierinstitute“ nunmehr als Wertpapierinstitute. Diese haben – wie bereits nach alter Rechtslage – das für Kredit- und Finanzdienstleistungsinstitute geltende Bilanzrecht zu beachten. Ein näherer Blick offenbar gesetzgeberische Umsetzungsschwächen. Der Beitrag zeigt Publizitätslücken im Bilanzrecht von Zweigniederlassungen sowie eine inkonsistente Umsetzung des Gebots zur Saldierung des Eigenhandelserfolgs auf. Zudem zeigen sich Schwächen im Prüfungsrecht der Wertpapierinstitute. Anders als bei Kredit- und Finanzdienstleistungsinstituten kann die Finanzaufsicht bei bestimmten Wertpapierinstituten eine Rotation des Abschlussprüfers nach 10 Jahren nicht verlangen.
Bloodstream Infections in Children With Sickle Cell Disease: 2010–2019
Authors: Yee Marianne E. , Lai Kristina W. , Bakshi Nitya , Grossman Joanna K. , Jaggi Preeti , Mallis Alexander , Wang Yun F. , Jerris Robert C. , Lane Peter A. , Yildirim Inci 
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND
Children with sickle cell disease (SCD) are at increased risk for bloodstream infections (BSIs), mainly because of functional asplenia. Immunizations and antibiotic prophylaxis have reduced the prevalence of invasive bacterial infections, but contemporary analysis of BSI in children with SCD is limited.

METHODS
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of children aged &lt;18 years with SCD who had blood cultures collected at our institution from 2010 to 2019 to identify BSI. Probable contaminant organisms were identified and not included as BSI. We calculated the annual incidence of BSI at our institution with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and used multivariate logistic regression to evaluate associations.

RESULTS
There were 2694 eligible patients with 19 902 blood cultures. Excluding repeated cultures and contaminant cultures, there were 156 BSI episodes in 144 patients. The median age at BSI was 7.5 years. The average incidence rate of BSI was 0.89 per 100 person-years (95% CI 0.45–1.32). The most common pathogens were Streptococcus pneumoniae (16.0%), Streptococcus viridans group (9.0%), Escherichia coli (9.0%), Staphylococcus aureus (7.7%), Bordetella holmesii (7.7%), Haemophilus influenzae (7.1%), and Salmonella species (6.4%). Odds of BSI were higher with sickle cell anemia genotypes (odds ratio [OR] 1.88; 95% CI 1.20–2.94) and chronic transfusions (OR 2.66; 95% CI 1.51–4.69) and lower with hydroxyurea (OR 0.57; 95% CI 0.39–0.84).

CONCLUSIONS
BSI remains a risk for children with SCD. Overall incidence, risk factors, and spectrum of pathogens are important considerations to guide prevention and empirical treatment of suspected infection in SCD.
An Empirical Study on Determining the Communication and Empathy Skill Levels of Healthcare Professionals
Authors: ÖĞÜT Nesrin , KARAKOÇ Enderhan , GHİASEE Atikullah 
Published: December 2021

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the communication skills and empathy levels of healthcare professionals working in a public hospital in Ankara and to determine the relationship between them.
Methods: This study, which is based on the field research method, is carried out in order to determine the communication skills and empathy levels of healthcare professionals working in a public hospital in Ankara, and to reveal the relationship between communication skills and empathy level. The data in the study, which was designed as a descriptive field study, was collected by face-to-face questionnaire technique from 385 healthcare workers in Ankara city center between February and March 2021.
Results: Research findings show that the participants have moderate communication skills and empathy. Communication skills and empathy levels of healthcare professionals do not differ according to their gender. As the weekly working time increases, communication skills and empathy levels decrease. There is a positive and significant relationship between communication skill level and empathy.
Conclusions: The results of the research indicate that the level of empathy is a positive determinant of communication skills, in other words, as the empathy level increases, the communication skill level increases.
The Effect of Papaya (Carica papaya) Juice on Body Weights of The Municipal Police Officers in Ternate (Polres Ternate)
Authors: Amra Nizmawaty , Juhartini  
Published: December 2021

Background: Overweight and obesity issue occur in Municipal Police Officers in Ternate (Polres Ternate). A pilot study has been done in Polres Ternate and found that there were 70 cases of overweight Police Officers. According to the attending health care profession, the treatment of those overweight cases had been done through exercise but without diet management.
This is an experimental study with pre- and post-test in both control and intervention group. Population in this study was 70 Overweight Municipal Police Officers in Ternate (Polres Ternate). The sample size in this study was 30 respondents which were were randomly selected and divided into 15 in each of intervention and control group. Intervention group was given papaya juice while control group was given placebo for 60 days.
The results show that there was significant different body weight between before and after intervention in intervention group but there was non-significant different body weight between before and after intervention in control group. There was non-significant different body weight between intervention group and control group after intervention.
Body weight loss happened in intervention group which caused by papaya juice administration together with the education and motivation of the respondents. Nevertheless, there was no significant different between intervention group and control group after intervention.
TÜRK İDARİ YARGISINDA İÇTİHAT AYKIRILIĞININ ÖNLENMESİ VE GİDERİLMESİNE YÖNELİK ÇÖZÜM ÖNERİLERİ
Authors: UYSAL Zeki 
Published: December 2021

Ülkemiz gibi yargı ayrılığını benimsemiş olan ülkelerde içtihat
aykırılığının ortaya çıkması doğal karşılansa da aykırı içtihatlar nedeniyle
oluşan hukuki belirsizliğin sürüp gitmesi, sonuçta yargıya güveni
zedeleyeceğinden kabul edilemez. Bu durum, içtihadî nitelik taşıyan
idari yargı açısından, dramatik sonuçlara yol açacak niteliktedir. İdari
yargı sistemimizde içtihat aykırılıklarını giderici bir mekanizma olarak
içtihatların birleştirilmesi müessesesine Danıştay dava daireleri ile kurul
kararları yönünden 90 yıldır başvurulmaktadır. Temmuz/2016’da istinaf
sisteminin faaliyete geçirilmesiyle idari yargı uyuşmazlıklarının büyük
kısmının bölge idare mahkemelerinin verdiği kararlarla kesinleştiği
düşünüldüğünde, aynı/benzer uyuşmazlıklar açısından Danıştay ve
istinaf kararları arasında aykırılığın oluşması kaçınılmazdır. Bölge idare
mahkemesi kararları arasındaki içtihat aykırılığının giderilmesi amacıyla
yürürlüğe konulan mekanizma da sadece giderici yönüyle devrededir.
İçtihat aykırılığını önleyici mekanizmalar henüz aykırılığın doğmadığı bir
aşamada sorunu kaynağında çözme yetisine sahip olduğundan, giderici
mekanizmalara kıyasla içtihat aykırılığından doğan hukuki sorunların
çözümünde daha etkindirler. Bu itibarla, iyi uygulama örnekleri göz
önünde bulundurularak öncelikle içtihat aykırılığını önleyecek etkin
mekanizmaların idari yargı düzenimize kazandırılması, üzerine kafa
yorulan bir meseledir. Bu mekanizmaların entegrasyonu ve iyi uygulama
örnekleri, bundan sonraki süreçte meselenin hukuk sistemimizde işgal
edeceği yer ve boyutla doğrudan ilgilidir. Ayrıca, yalnızca aykırılıkları
giderici yönüyle uygulamadaki her iki sistemin daha etkin bir çözüm mekanizmasına büründürülmesi için mevzuat değişikliği yapılması da
elzemdir.