DISEASES OF THE ORAL MAXILLOFACIAL REGION OF REPRESENTATIVES OF UKRAINE OF GOLDEN HORDE TIME
Authors: Kaskova L.F. , Morgun N.A. , Kulay O.A. , Vashchenko I.Yu. , Artemiev A.V. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract. The study of dental diseases defines the most actual manifestation of their processes and it also determines etiological and pathogenic factors.
The aim of the research. The aim of the research was to examine the hard tissues of the oral maxillofacial region of ​​the Golden Horde population, which is considered to be Polovtsian.
Hard tissues and oral maxillofacial areas study of Polovtsian population presents the main topicality of the given research. These investigations have been carried out for the first time.
The aim of the study was to identify the person against the background of the analysis of skeletal remains, to establish their affiliation to one or more individuals, to determine the probable age and sex, to diagnose and interpret pathologies found in human hard tissues.
Object and methods of research. The study of the material was carried out by the method of skeletal tissue analysis of ancient people, developed by the authors of this paper on the basis of the Laboratory of Medical and Historical Anthropology of the Municipal Institution “Center for Protection and Research of Archaeological Monuments” Poltava Regional Administration and the Department of Pediatric Therapeutic Dentistry, UMSA.
Results and discussion. 22 representatives of Polovtsian population of the Golden Horde time were studied (12 men and 10 women).
The obtained results were compared with previously statistically processed results on the basis of the studied 157 representatives of the Middle Ages who lived on the territory of modern Ukraine and belonged to other communities of the Middle Ages.
The total intensity of caries in the study group was 1.6 (according to modern indices - low). The intensity of caries in the group of women was 0.4 (according to modern indices - very low). In the group of men, the figure was 2.8 (according to modern indices - low).
Dental mineralized deposits were found in 10 group members (six men, four women). Three women had deposits like “thin line” shape and one had shape so-called “hanging lump”.
Three men had deposits as a “thin line” shape and three another ones had shape as an “hanging lump”. Other forms have not been identified.
Torus was identified in one man.
Conclusions. Data on the disease and features of the development of the oral maxillary area, which were compared with previously obtained results on the pathology of other communities of medieval times. No significant differences were found.
The obtained indicators, concerning the peculiarities of development and pathology of hard tissues of teeth, the course of periodontal diseases in this group of Polovtsian population, completely coincide with previously published data on groups of the medieval population in the number of 157 skeletons found in modern Ukraine. This indicates the similarity of material and living conditions and the psycho-emotional state of the population at that time.
Pathologies of the dental-maxillary region in representatives of different communities of the Middle Ages who lived in modern Ukraine are similar.