bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parietal epithelial cell dysfunction in crescentic glomerulonephritis
Authors: Wong Milagros N. , Tharaux Pierre-Louis , Grahammer Florian , Puelles Victor G. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCrescentic glomerulonephritis represents a group of kidney diseases characterized by rapid loss of kidney function and the formation of glomerular crescents. While the role of the immune system has been extensively studied in relation to the development of crescents, recent findings show that parietal epithelial cells play a key role in the pathophysiology of crescent formation, even in the absence of immune modulation. This review highlights our current understanding of parietal epithelial cell biology and the reported physiological and pathological roles that these cells play in glomerular lesion formation, especially in the context of crescentic glomerulonephritis.
Low-congestion shortcut and graph parameters
Authors: Kitamura Naoki , Kitagawa Hirotaka , Otachi Yota , Izumi Taisuke 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDistributed graph algorithms in the standard CONGEST model often exhibit the time-complexity lower bound of $${\tilde{\Omega }}(\sqrt{n} + D)$$

Ω
~

(

n

+
D
)

rounds for several global problems, where n denotes the number of nodes and D the diameter of the input graph. Because such a lower bound is derived from special “hard-core” instances, it does not necessarily apply to specific popular graph classes such as planar graphs. The concept of low-congestion shortcuts was initiated by Ghaffari and Haeupler [SODA2016] for addressing the design of CONGEST algorithms running fast in restricted network topologies. In particular, given a graph class $${\mathcal {C}}$$
C
, an f-round algorithm for constructing shortcuts of quality q for any instance in $${\mathcal {C}}$$
C
results in $${\tilde{O}}(q + f)$$

O
~

(
q
+
f
)

-round algorithms for solving several fundamental graph problems such as minimum spanning tree and minimum cut, for $${\mathcal {C}}$$
C
. The main interest on this line is to identify the graph classes allowing the shortcuts that are efficient in the sense of breaking $${\tilde{O}}(\sqrt{n}+D)$$

O
~

(

n

+
D
)

-round general lower bounds. In this study, we consider the relationship between the quality of low-congestion shortcuts and the following four major graph parameters: doubling dimension, chordality, diameter, and clique-width. The key ingredient of the upper-bound side is a novel shortcut construction technique known as short-hop extension, which might be of independent interest.
Runtime Analyses of the Population-Based Univariate Estimation of Distribution Algorithms on LeadingOnes
Authors: Lehre Per Kristian , Nguyen Phan Trung Hai 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe perform rigorous runtime analyses for the univariate marginal distribution algorithm (UMDA) and the population-based incremental learning (PBIL) Algorithm on LeadingOnes. For the UMDA, the currently known expected runtime on the function is $${\mathcal {O}}\left( n\lambda \log \lambda +n^2\right)$$

O

n
λ
log
λ
+

n
2

under an offspring population size $$\lambda =\Omega (\log n)$$

λ
=
Ω
(
log
n
)

and a parent population size $$\mu \le \lambda /(e(1+\delta ))$$

μ
≤
λ
/
(
e
(
1
+
δ
)
)

for any constant $$\delta >0$$

δ
>
0

(Dang and Lehre, GECCO 2015). There is no lower bound on the expected runtime under the same parameter settings. It also remains unknown whether the algorithm can still optimise the LeadingOnes function within a polynomial runtime when $$\mu \ge \lambda /(e(1+\delta ))$$

μ
≥
λ
/
(
e
(
1
+
δ
)
)

. In case of the PBIL, an expected runtime of $${\mathcal {O}}(n^{2+c})$$

O
(

n

2
+
c

)

holds for some constant $$c \in (0,1)$$

c
∈
(
0
,
1
)

(Wu, Kolonko and Möhring, IEEE TEVC 2017). Despite being a generalisation of the UMDA, this upper bound is significantly asymptotically looser than the upper bound of $${\mathcal {O}}\left( n^2\right)$$

O

n
2

of the UMDA for $$\lambda =\Omega (\log n)\cap {\mathcal {O}}\left( n/\log n\right)$$

λ
=
Ω

(
log
n
)

∩
O

n
/
log
n

. Furthermore, the required population size is very large, i.e., $$\lambda =\Omega (n^{1+c})$$

λ
=
Ω
(

n

1
+
c

)

. Our contributions are then threefold: (1) we show that the UMDA with $$\mu =\Omega (\log n)$$

μ
=
Ω
(
log
n
)

and $$\lambda \le \mu e^{1-\varepsilon }/(1+\delta )$$

λ
≤
μ

e

1
-
ε

/

(
1
+
δ
)

for any constants $$\varepsilon \in (0,1)$$

ε
∈
(
0
,
1
)

and $$0<\delta \le e^{1-\varepsilon }-1$$

0
<
δ
≤

e

1
-
ε

-
1

requires an expected runtime of $$e^{\Omega (\mu )}$$

e

Ω
(
μ
)

on LeadingOnes, (2) an upper bound of $${\mathcal {O}}\left( n\lambda \log \lambda +n^2\right)$$

O

n
λ
log
λ
+

n
2

is shown for the PBIL, which improves the current bound $${\mathcal {O}}\left( n^{2+c}\right)$$

O

n

2
+
c

by a significant factor of $$\Theta (n^{c})$$

Θ
(

n
c

)

, and (3) we for the first time consider the two algorithms on the LeadingOnes function in a noisy environment and obtain an expected runtime of $${\mathcal {O}}\left( n^2\right)$$

O

n
2

for appropriate parameter settings. Our results emphasise that despite the independence assumption in the probabilistic models, the UMDA and the PBIL with fine-tuned parameter choices can still cope very well with variable interactions.
Biliopancreatic Diversion (BPD), Long Common Limb Revisional Biliopancreatic Diversion (BPD + LCL–R), Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass [RYGB] and Sleeve Gastrectomy (SG) mediate differential quantitative changes in body weight and qualitative modifications in body composition: a 5-year study
Authors: Ceriani Valerio , Pinna Ferdinando , Galantino Antonio , Zakaria Ahmed S. , Manfrini Roberto , Pontiroli Antonio E. , Folli Franco 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Aims
Bariatric surgeries induce profound weight loss (decrease in body mass index, BMI), through a decrease in fat mass (FM) and to a much lesser degree of fat-free mass (FFM). Some reports indicate that the weight which is lost after gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) is at least partially regained 2 years after surgery. Here we compare changes in BMI and body composition induced by four bariatric procedures in a 5 years follow-up study.

Methods
We analyzed retrospectively modifications in BMI, FM and FFM obtained through Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), sleeve gastrectomy (SG), biliopancreatic diversion (BPD) and a long common limb revisional biliopancreatic diversion (reduction of the gastric pouch and long common limb; BPD + LCL−R). Patients were evaluated at baseline and yearly for 5 years. Of the whole cohort of 565 patients, a subset of 180 patients had all yearly evaluations, while the remaining had incomplete evaluations. Setting University Hospital.

Results
In a total of 180 patients evaluated yearly for 5 years, decrease in BMI and FM up to 2 years was more rapid with RYGB and SG than BPD and BPD + LCL−R; with RYGB and SG both BMI and FM slightly increased in the years 3–5. At 5 years, the differences were not significant. When analysing the differences between 2 and 5 years, BPD + LCL−R showed a somewhat greater effect on BMI and FM than RYGB, BPD and SG. Superimposable results were obtained when the whole cohort of 565 patients with incomplete evaluation was considered.

Conclusions
All surgeries were highly effective in reducing BMI and fat mass at around 2 years; with RYGB and SG both BMI and FM slightly increased in the years 3–5, while BPD and BPD + LCL−R showed a slight further decreases in the same time interval.
Detector-based component model abstraction for microservice-based systems
Authors: Ntentos Evangelos , Zdun Uwe , Plakidas Konstantinos , Genfer Patric , Geiger Sebastian , Meixner Sebastian , Hasselbring Wilhelm 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOne of the chief problems in software architecture is avoiding architecture model drift and erosion in all kinds of complex software systems. Microservice-based systems introduce new challenges in this context, as they often use a large variety of technologies in their latest iteration, and are changed and released very frequently. Existing solutions that can be used to reconstruct architecture models fall short in addressing these new challenges, as they cannot easily cope with continuous evolution, their accuracy is too low, and highly polyglot settings are not supported well. In this work, we report on a research study aiming to design a highly accurate architecture model abstraction approach for comprehending component architecture models of highly polyglot systems that can cope with continuous evolution. After analyzing the results of related studies, we found two possible architecture model abstraction approaches that meet the requirements of our study: an opportunistic, and a reusable semi-automatic detector-based approach. We have conducted an empirical case study for validation and comparison of the two approaches. We conclude that both detector approaches are feasible. In our case study, the reusable approach breaks even in terms of time and effort needed for establishing reuse, if modest reuse of detectors is possible, and is producing slightly more high quality and evolution-stable solutions than the opportunistic approach.
How music may support perinatal mental health: an overview
Authors: Sanfilippo Katie Rose M. , Stewart Lauren , Glover Vivette 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThere is strong evidence that engaging with music can improve our health and well-being. Music-based interventions, approaches and practices, such as group music-making (singing or playing musical instruments), listening to music and music therapy, have all been shown to reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety. Although the existing literature needs expanding, mounting evidence suggests that music-based interventions, approaches and practices may help support maternal mental health prenatally and postnatally. The purpose of this descriptive overview is to provide a broad view of this area by bringing together examples of research across different practices and research disciplines. Selected evidence is examined, showing how music-based interventions, approaches and practices can reduce labour anxiety and pain, anxiety symptoms in pregnancy, postnatal depression symptoms and support maternal-infant bonding. The examined research includes single studies and reviews that use both qualitative and quantitative methods. Drawing on animal and human models, the effect of music on foetal behaviour and various possible biological, psychological and social mechanisms are discussed. The potential preventive effect of music-based interventions, approaches and practices and their possible use across different cultures are also considered. Overall, we highlight how music, employed in a variety of ways, may support perinatal mental health with the aim of stimulating more interest and research in this area.
Leveraging range joins for the computation of overlap joins
Authors: Dignös Anton , Böhlen Michael H. , Gamper Johann , Jensen Christian S. , Moser Peter 
Published: August 2021

AbstractJoins are essential and potentially expensive operations in database management systems. When data is associated with time periods, joins commonly include predicates that require pairs of argument tuples to overlap in order to qualify for the result. Our goal is to enable built-in systems support for such joins. In particular, we present an approach where overlap joins are formulated as unions of range joins, which are more general purpose joins compared to overlap joins, i.e., are useful in their own right, and are supported well by B+-trees. The approach is sufficiently flexible that it also supports joins with additional equality predicates, as well as open, closed, and half-open time periods over discrete and continuous domains, thus offering both generality and simplicity, which is important in a system setting. We provide both a stand-alone solution that performs on par with the state-of-the-art and a DBMS embedded solution that is able to exploit standard indexing and clearly outperforms existing DBMS solutions that depend on specialized indexing techniques. We offer both analytical and empirical evaluations of the proposals. The empirical study includes comparisons with pertinent existing proposals and offers detailed insight into the performance characteristics of the proposals.
Influence of artificial aging: mechanical and physicochemical properties of dental composites under static and dynamic compression
Authors: Gornig D. C. , Maletz R. , Ottl P. , Warkentin M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Objective
The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of filler content, degradation media and time on the mechanical properties of different dental composites after in vitro aging.

Materials and Methods
Specimens (1 mm3) of three commercially available composites (GrandioSO®, Arabesk Top®, Arabesk Flow®) with respect to their filler content were stored in artificial aging media: artificial saliva, ethanol (60%), lactic acid (pH 5) and citric acid (pH 5). Parameters (Vickers microhardness, compressive strength, elastic modulus, water sorption and solubility) were determined in their initial state (control group, n = 3 for microhardness, n = 5 for the other parameters) and after 14, 30, 90 and 180 days (n = 3 for microhardness, n = 5 for the other parameters for each composite group, time point and media). Specimens were also characterized with dynamic-mechanical-thermal analysis (compression tests, F =  ± 7 N; f = 0.5 Hz, 1 Hz and 3.3 Hz; t = 0–170 °C).

Results
Incorporation of fillers with more than 80 w% leads to significantly better mechanical properties under static and dynamic compression tests and a better water sorption behavior, even after chemical degradation. The influence of degradation media and time is of subordinate importance for chemical degradation.

Conclusion
Although the investigated composites have a similar matrix, they showed different degradation behavior. Since dentine and enamel occur only in small layer thickness, a test specimen geometry with very small dimensions is recommended for direct comparison. Moreover, the use of compression tests to determine the mechanical parameters for the development of structure-compatible and functionally adapted composites makes sense as an additional standard.
Clinical relevance
Preferential use of highly filled composites for occlusal fillings is recommended.
The challenge of estimating wildlife populations at scale: the case of the European badger (Meles meles) in Ireland
Authors: Byrne Andrew W. , Parnell Andrew , O’Keeffe James , Madden Jamie M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEstimating population size in space and time is essential for applied ecology and wildlife management purposes; however, making accurate and precise estimates at large scales is highly challenging. An example is the European badger (Meles meles), a widespread and abundant mammal in Ireland. Due to their role in the epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis, the species has been culled in agriculturally dominant landscapes with the intention of reducing spillback infection to local cattle populations. Despite several studies using different approaches having estimated badger populations at different time points and scales, there remains considerable uncertainty regarding the current population and its future trajectory. To explore this uncertainty, we use published data and expert opinion to estimate a snapshot of probable badger population size using a Monte Carlo approach, incorporating variation in three key components: social group numbers, group size, and culling efficacy. Using this approach, we estimate what the badger population in Ireland would be with/without culling, assuming a steady-state population at carrying capacity, and discuss the limitations of our current understanding. The mean estimate for the badger population size was 63,188 (5–95th percentile, 48,037–79,315). Population estimates were sensitive to the assumption of mean group size across landscape type. Assuming a cessation of culling (in favour of vaccination, for example) in agricultural areas, the mean estimated population size was 92,096 (5–95th percentile, 67,188–118,881). Despite significant research being conducted on badgers, estimates on population size at a national level in Ireland are only approximate, which is reflected in the large uncertainty in the estimates from this study and inconsistencies between recording of data parameters in previous studies. Focusing on carefully estimating group size, factors impacting its variation, in addition to understanding the dynamics of repopulation post-culling, could be a fruitful component to concentrate on to improve the precision of future estimates.
Age, microfacies and depositional environment of the Middle to Late Paleocene shallow-marine carbonates in the Sirt Basin of Libya (Upper Sabil Formation): “Are Intisar domal structures pinnacle reefs?”
Authors: Vršič A. , Gawlick H.-J. , Schlagintweit F. , Machaniec E. , Gharsalla M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn the central-eastern Sirt Basin, enigmatic Intisar domal structures host significant hydrocarbon accumulations. These structures have been commonly interpreted as pinnacle reefs/bioherms occurring in the open-marine basinal environment. Generally, pinnacle reefs/bioherms are mainly characterized by in situ carbonates. The current study challenges the Intisar pinnacle reef/bioherm model by examining one of the domal structures in terms of biostratigraphy, microfacies and depositional environment. These structures were dated using larger benthic foraminifera, which yielded a Middle to Late Paleocene age (Selandian–Early Thanetian). Thirteen microfacies types representing different carbonate ramp environments ranging from outer ramp to inner ramp, were defined. Outer ramp deposits have been observed adjacent to the domal structure, represented mainly by wackestone with small benthic and planktonic foraminifera. The outer ramp deposits are most likely isochronous to the domal structures. The lower part of the domal structures is composed mainly of foraminiferal–algal–echinodermal packstones. The upper part is characterized by foraminiferal–algal–echinodermal packstones with intercalated microbialite–coral boundstones. The euphotic inner ramp deposits are preserved on the crest of the domal structure, consisting of grainstone and packstone rich inGlomalveolina. As a result of this study, the Intisar domal structures are seen as erosional relics of a carbonate ramp and no evidence for pinnacle reef/bioherm model was found.
A review of physical and engineering factors potentially affecting shear wave elastography
Authors: Nitta Naotaka , Yamakawa Makoto , Hachiya Hiroyuki , Shiina Tsuyoshi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIt has been recognized that tissue stiffness provides useful diagnostic information, as with palpation as a screening for diseases such as cancer. In recent years, shear wave elastography (SWE), a technique for evaluating and imaging tissue elasticity quantitatively and objectively in diagnostic imaging, has been put into practical use, and the amount of clinical knowledge about SWE has increased. In addition, some guidelines and review papers regarding technology and clinical applications have been published, and the status as a diagnostic technology is in the process of being established. However, there are still unclear points about the interpretation of shear wave speed (SWS) and converted elastic modulus in SWE. To clarify these, it is important to investigate the factors that affect the SWS and elastic modulus. Therefore, physical and engineering factors that potentially affect the SWS and elastic modulus are discussed in this review paper, based on the principles of SWE and a literature review. The physical factors include the propagation properties of shear waves, mechanical properties (viscoelasticity, nonlinearity, and anisotropy), and size and shape of target tissues. The engineering factors include the region of interest depth and signal processing. The aim of this review paper is not to provide an answer to the interpretation of SWS. It is to provide information for readers to formulate and verify the hypothesis for the interpretation. Therefore, methods to verify the hypothesis for the interpretation are also reviewed. Finally, studies on the safety of SWE are discussed.
The plasticity of pancreatic cancer stem cells: implications in therapeutic resistance
Authors: Patil Kalyani , Khan Farheen B. , Akhtar Sabah , Ahmad Aamir , Uddin Shahab 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe ever-growing perception of cancer stem cells (CSCs) as a plastic state rather than a hardwired defined entity has evolved our understanding of the functional and biological plasticity of these elusive components in malignancies. Pancreatic cancer (PC), based on its biological features and clinical evolution, is a prototypical example of a CSC-driven disease. Since the discovery of pancreatic CSCs (PCSCs) in 2007, evidence has unraveled their control over many facets of the natural history of PC, including primary tumor growth, metastatic progression, disease recurrence, and acquired drug resistance. Consequently, the current near-ubiquitous treatment regimens for PC using aggressive cytotoxic agents, aimed at ‘‘tumor debulking’’ rather than eradication of CSCs, have proven ineffective in providing clinically convincing improvements in patients with this dreadful disease. Herein, we review the key hallmarks as well as the intrinsic and extrinsic resistance mechanisms of CSCs that mediate treatment failure in PC and enlist the potential CSC-targeting ‘natural agents’ that are gaining popularity in recent years. A better understanding of the molecular and functional landscape of PCSC-intrinsic evasion of chemotherapeutic drugs offers a facile opportunity for treating PC, an intractable cancer with a grim prognosis and in dire need of effective therapeutic advances.
Suicide Ideation and Depression Quality of Life Ratings in a Reservation-Based Community of Native American Youths and Young Adults
Authors: Alfonso Y. N. , Bishai D. , Ivanich J. D. , O’Keefe V. M. , Usher J. , Aldridge L. R. , Haroz E. E. , Goklish N. , Barlow A. , Cwik M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSuicide among adolescents is a significant public health concern in the U.S., especially within American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) communities. Lack of quality of life (QoL) estimates for both suicide ideation and depression specific to the AIAN population hinders the ability to compare interventions in cost-effectiveness analysis. We surveyed 200 AI youth and young adults from the Fort Apache Indian Reservation to estimate utility weights for experiencing suicide ideation and depression. Our results indicate that, on a scale of 0–100, with higher scores indicating better health, the general community rates both suicide ideation and depression at 15.8 and 25.1, respectively. These weights are statistically significantly different and lower than for other cultures. Culturally specific QoL values will allow the comparison and identification of the most effective and feasible interventions to reduce the suicide burden among tribal communities.