bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DESIGNING A DIGITAL TOOLCHAIN FOR PROSTHETICS: A RETROSPECTIVE
Authors: Ratto Matt 
Published: September 2021

From 2014 until 2020, I participated in the development of a novel CAD/CAM system for lower-limb prosthetic sockets for use in Lower and Middle Income Countries (LMIC) orthopaedic clinical settings. This article provides an overview of the value principles that guided that work and the ways in which we attempted to support the clinical needs of our prosthetists and others in the clinical contexts. It will highlight how the health economic framework that is key to this special issue well describes the design choices we made in order to attend to the multiple levels of concerns and stakeholders we identified as key to success.
Article PDF Link: https://jps.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/cpoj/article/view/36188/28345
How To Cite: Ratto M. Designing a digital toolchain for prosthetics: A retrospective. Canadian Prosthetics & Orthotics Journal. 2021; Volume 4, Issue 2, No.16. https://doi.org/10.33137/cpoj.v4i2.36188
Corresponding Author: Matt Ratto, PhDFaculty of Information, University of Toronto, Canada.E-Mail: matt.ratto@utoronto.caORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3554-4513
TRENDS AND OPPORTUNITIES IN HEALTH ECONOMIC EVALUATIONS OF PROSTHETIC CARE INNOVATIONS
Authors: Frossard Laurent 
Published: September 2021

Overcoming obstacles to prosthetic fittings requires frequent tryouts of sockets and components. Repetitions of interventions are upsetting for users and place substantial economic burden on healthcare systems. Encouraging prosthetic care innovations capable of alleviating clinical and financial shortcomings of socket-based solutions is essential. Nonetheless, evidence of socio-economic benefits of an innovation are required to facilitate access to markets. Unfortunately, complex decisions must be made when allocating resources toward the most relevant health economic evaluation (HEE) at a given stage of development of an innovation. This paper first, aimed to show the importance and challenges of HEEs of intervention facilitating prosthetic fittings. Next, the main trends in HEEs at various phases of product development and clinical acceptance of prosthetic care innovations were outlined. Then, opportunities for a basic framework of a preliminary cost-utility analysis (CUA) during the mid-stage of development of prosthetic care innovations were highlighted. To do this, fundamental and applied health economic literature and prosthetic-specific publications were reviewed to extract and analyse the trends in HEEs of new medical and prosthetic technologies, respectively. The findings show there is consensus around the weaknesses of full CUAs (e.g., lack of timeliness, resource-intensive) and strengths of preliminary CUAs (e.g., identify evidence gaps, educate design of full CUA, fast-track approval). However, several obstacles must be overcome before preliminary CUA of prosthetic care innovations will be routinely carried out. Disparities of methods and constructs of usual preliminary CUA are barriers that could be alleviated by a more standardized framework. The paper concludes by identifying that there are opportunities for the development of a basic framework of preliminary CUA of prosthetic care innovations. Ultimately, the collaborative design of a framework could simplify selection of the methods, standardise outcomes, ease comparisons between innovations and streamline pathways for adoption. This might facilitate access to economical solutions that could improve the life of individuals suffering from limb loss.
Article PDF Link: https://jps.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/cpoj/article/view/36364/28327
How To Cite: Frossard L. Trends and opportunities in health economic evaluations of prosthetic care innovations. Canadian Prosthetics & Orthotics Journal. 2021; Volume 4, Issue 2, No.9. https://doi.org/10.33137/cpoj.v4i2.36364
Corresponding Author: Laurent Frossard, PhD, Professor of BionicsYourResearchProject Pty Ltd, Brisbane, Australia.E-Mail: laurentfrossard@outlook.comORCID number: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0248-9589
A PRELIMINARY COST-UTILITY ANALYSIS OF THE PROSTHETIC CARE INNOVATIONS: CASE OF THE KEEP WALKING IMPLANT
Authors: Guirao Lluis , Samitier Beatriz , Frossard Laurent 
Published: September 2021

Several obstacles must be overcome before preliminary cost-utility analyses (CUA) of prosthetic care innovations can be routinely performed. The basic framework of preliminary CUAs and hands-on recommendations suggested previously might contribute to wider adoption. However, a practical application for an emerging intervention is needed to showcase the capacity of this proposed preliminary CUA framework. This study presented the outcomes of preliminary CUA of the distal weight bearing Keep Walking Implant (KWI), an emerging prosthetic care innovation that may reduce socket fittings for individuals with transfemoral amputation. The preliminary CUAs compared the provision of prosthetic care without (usual intervention) and with the KWI (new intervention) using a 15-step iterative process focused on feasibility, constructs, analysis, and interpretations of outcomes from an Australia government prosthetic care perspective over a six-year time horizon. Baseline and incremental costs were extracted from schedules of allowable expenses. Baseline utilities were extracted from a study and converted into quality-adjusted life-year (QALY). Incremental utilities were calculated based on sensible gains of QALY from baselines. The provision of the prosthetic care with the KWI could generate an indicative incremental cost-utility ratio (ICUR) of -$36,890 per QALY, which was $76,890 per QALY below willingness-to-pay threshold, provided that the KWI reduces costs by $17,910 while increasing utility by 0.485 QALY compared to usual interventions. This preliminary CUA provided administrators of healthcare organizations in Australia and elsewhere with prerequisite evidence justifying further access to market and clinical introduction of the KWI. Altogether, this work suggests that the basic framework of the preliminary CUA of a prosthetic care innovation proposed previously is feasible and informative when a series of assumptions are carefully considered. This study further confirms that preliminary CUAs prosthetic care interventions might be a relevant alternative to full CUA for other medical treatments.
Article PDF Link: https://jps.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/cpoj/article/view/36366/28329
How To Cite: Guirao L, Samitier B, Frossard L. A preliminary cost-utility analysis of the prosthetic care innovations: case of the keep walking implant. Canadian Prosthetics & Orthotics Journal. 2021; Volume 4, Issue 2, No.11. https://doi.org/10.33137/cpoj.v4i2.36366
Corresponding Author: Laurent Frossard (PhD), Professor of BionicsYourResearchProject Pty Ltd, Brisbane, Australia.E-Mail: laurentfrossard@outlook.comORCID number: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0248-9589
Cancer statistics for the US Hispanic/Latino population, 2021
Authors: Miller Kimberly D. , Ortiz Ana P. , Pinheiro Paulo S. , Bandi Priti , Minihan Adair , Fuchs Hannah E. , Martinez Tyson Dinorah , Tortolero‐Luna Guillermo , Fedewa Stacey A. , Jemal Ahmedin M. , Siegel Rebecca L. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe Hispanic/Latino population is the second largest racial/ethnic group in the continental United States and Hawaii, accounting for 18% (60.6 million) of the total population. An additional 3 million Hispanic Americans live in Puerto Rico. Every 3 years, the American Cancer Society reports on cancer occurrence, risk factors, and screening for Hispanic individuals in the United States using the most recent population‐based data. An estimated 176,600 new cancer cases and 46,500 cancer deaths will occur among Hispanic individuals in the continental United States and Hawaii in 2021. Compared to non‐Hispanic Whites (NHWs), Hispanic men and women had 25%‐30% lower incidence (2014‐2018) and mortality (2015‐2019) rates for all cancers combined and lower rates for the most common cancers, although this gap is diminishing. For example, the colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence rate ratio for Hispanic compared with NHW individuals narrowed from 0.75 (95% CI, 0.73‐0.78) in 1995 to 0.91 (95% CI, 0.89‐0.93) in 2018, reflecting delayed declines in CRC rates among Hispanic individuals in part because of slower uptake of screening. In contrast, Hispanic individuals have higher rates of infection‐related cancers, including approximately two‐fold higher incidence of liver and stomach cancer. Cervical cancer incidence is 32% higher among Hispanic women in the continental US and Hawaii and 78% higher among women in Puerto Rico compared to NHW women, yet is largely preventable through screening. Less access to care may be similarly reflected in the low prevalence of localized‐stage breast cancer among Hispanic women, 59% versus 67% among NHW women. Evidence‐based strategies for decreasing the cancer burden among the Hispanic population include the use of culturally appropriate lay health advisors and patient navigators and targeted, community‐based intervention programs to facilitate access to screening and promote healthy behaviors. In addition, the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on cancer trends and disparities in the Hispanic population should be closely monitored.
SISTEM PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN DALAM PEMILIHAN PENGEMBANGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN DENGAN METODE AHP
Authors: Azhar Zulfi , Wakhinuddin Wakhinuddin , Waskito Waskito 
Published: September 2021

Abstract: Education as an important aspect, in improving the quality of education needs to be done innovatively. Learning Models are examples of student learning patterns or structures that are designed, implemented, and systematically evaluated by teachers in order to achieve learning objectives. The Industrial Revolution 4.0 currently has an influence in various fields, one of which is the world of education, with IoT presenting an industrial revolution in the world of education in finding ways to implement learning systems so that they are not outdated. STMIK Royal is one of the computer high schools in Kisaran that wants to develop a better learning model for its students. In choosing the development of learning models requires a decision support system method in choosing the best using the AHP method. This method can analyze a number of criteria and alternatives in choosing the best learning model development which is determined through the calculation process. This model is easier and more effective to produce the best. The AHP method is able to produce the selection of learning model development with several selection criteria and influential alternative choices. The result of the highest ranking is a priority on criteria and alternatives in achieving the goal of choosing a learning model at STMIK Royal Kisaran. Keywords: alternative; analytical hierarchy process; criteria, development; learning models Abstrak: Pendidikan sebagai aspek penting, dalam peningkatan mutu pendidikan perlu dilakukan secara inovatif. Model Pembelajaran adalah contoh pola atau struktur belajar siswa yang dirancang, dilaksanakan, dan dievaluasi secara sistematis oleh guru dalam rangka mencapai tujuan pembelajaran. Revolusi Industri 4.0 saat ini telah memberikan pengaruh di berbagai bidang salah satunya dunia pendidikan, dengan IoT menghadirkan revolusi industri di dunia pendidikan dalam mencari jalan mengimplementasikan sistem pembelajaran agar tidak ketinggalan zaman. STMIK Royal merupakan salah satu sekolah tinggi komputer di Kisaran yang ingin mengembangkan model pembelajaran yang lebih baik bagi mahasiswanya. Dalam memilih pengembangan model pembelajaran memerlukan metode sistem pendukung keputusan dalam memilih yang terbaik menggunakan metode AHP. Metode ini dapat menganalisis sejumlah kriteria dan alternatif dalam memilih pengembangan model pembelajaran terbaik yang ditentukan melalui proses perhitungan. Model ini lebih mudah dan efektif untuk menghasilkan yang terbaik. Metode AHP mampu menghasilkan pemilihan pengembangan model pembelajaran dengan beberapa kriteria seleksi dan alternatif pilihan yang berpengaruh. Hasil perangkingan tertinggi merupakan prioritas pada kriteria dan alternatif dalam pencapaian tujuan memilih model pembelajaran di STMIK Royal Kisaran. Kata kunci: alternatif; analytical hierarchy process; kriteria; pengembangan; model pembelajaran
Expression of Biofilm-Degrading Enzymes in Plants and Automated High-Throughput Activity Screening Using Experimental Bacillus subtilis Biofilms
Authors: Opdensteinen P. , Dietz S. J. , Gengenbach B. B. , Buyel J. F. 
Published: September 2021

Biofilm-forming bacteria are sources of infections because they are often resistant to antibiotics and chemical removal. Recombinant biofilm-degrading enzymes have the potential to remove biofilms gently, but they can be toxic toward microbial hosts and are therefore difficult to produce in bacteria. Here, we investigated Nicotiana species for the production of such enzymes using the dispersin B-like enzyme Lysobacter gummosus glyco 2 (Lg2) as a model. We first optimized transient Lg2 expression in plant cell packs using different subcellular targeting methods. We found that expression levels were transferable to differentiated plants, facilitating the scale-up of production. Our process yielded 20 mg kg−1 Lg2 in extracts but 0.3 mg kg−1 after purification, limited by losses during depth filtration. Next, we established an experimental biofilm assay to screen enzymes for degrading activity using different Bacillus subtilis strains. We then tested complex and chemically defined growth media for reproducible biofilm formation before converting the assay to an automated high-throughput screening format. Finally, we quantified the biofilm-degrading activity of Lg2 in comparison with commercial enzymes against our experimental biofilms, indicating that crude extracts can be screened directly. This ability will allow us to combine high-throughput expression in plant cell packs with automated activity screening.
Microencapsulated Neural Stem Cells Inhibit Sciatic Nerve Injury-Induced Pain by Reducing P2 × 4 Receptor Expression
Authors: Zhang Wen-jun , Luo Chen , Huang Chao , Liu Si-cheng , Luo Hong-liang 
Published: September 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of transplantation of microencapsulated neural stem cells (MC-NSCs), which downregulate the P2 × 4 receptor (P2 × 4R) overexpression and relieve neuropathic pain (NPP).Methods: Neural stem cells (NSCs) and MC-NSCs were transplanted to the injured sciatic nerve. Transmission electron microscope and immunofluorescence were used to observe the changes of injured sciatic nerve. Behavioral methods were used to detect mechanical withdrawal thresholds (MWT) and thermal withdrawal latency (TWL) of rats. Expression levels of P2 × 4Rs and p-p65 in the spinal cord segment of rats were measured by using molecular biology methods. The concentrations of IL-1β and TNF-α were detected in serum of rats by ELISA.Results: After sciatic nerve injury, the sciatic nerve fibers had the myelinated lamina separated, and disintegrated fragments could be seen. The fluorescence intensity of myelin MBP was weakened. The MWT and TWL were significantly decreased, the expression of P2 × 4Rs and p-p65 were significantly increased, and the concentrations of IL-1β and TNF-α were increased. After NSC and MC-NSC transplantation, the myelin sheath of the sciatic nerve was relatively intact, some demyelination changes could be seen, and the injured sciatic nerve has been improved. The fluorescence intensity of myelin MBP was increased. The MWT and TWL were increased, expression levels of P2 × 4Rs and p-p65 were decreased, and the concentrations of IL-1β and TNF-α were significantly decreased. Compared with NSC transplantation, transplantation of MC-NSCs could better repair the damaged sciatic nerve, decrease the expression of P2 × 4Rs and p-p65, decrease the level of IL-1β and TNF-α, and relieve pain (all p-values &lt; 0.05).Conclusion: NSCs and MC-NSCs transplantation may alleviate pain by reducing the expression of P2 × 4Rs and inhibiting the activation of NF-KB signaling, while MC-NSCs transplantation has a better effect of suppressing pain. Our experimental results provide new data support for the treatment of NPP.
The Expression and Prognostic Value of SUMO1-Activating Enzyme Subunit 1 and Its Potential Mechanism in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Wang Qingshui , Zhong Wenting , Deng Lin , Lin Qili , Lin Youyu , Liu Hongxia , Xu Luyun , Lu Lingfang , Chen Yajuan , Huang Jianping , Jiang Meichen , Xiao Han , Zhang Jie , Li He , Lin Yuxiang , Song Chuangui , Lin Yao 
Published: September 2021

Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most invasive and metastatic subtype of breast cancer. SUMO1-activating enzyme subunit 1 (SAE1), an E1-activating enzyme, is indispensable for protein SUMOylation. SAE1 has been found to be a relevant biomarker for progression and prognosis in several tumor types. However, the role of SAE1 in TNBC remains to be elucidated.Methods: In the research, the mRNA expression of SAE1 was analyzed via the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) and gene expression omnibus (GEO) database. Cistrome DB Toolkit was used to predict which transcription factors (TFs) are most likely to increase SAE1 expression in TNBC. The correlation between the expression of SAE1 and the methylation of SAE1 or quantity of tumor-infiltrating immune cells was further invested. Single-cell analysis, using CancerSEA, was performed to query which functional states are associated with SAE1 in different cancers in breast cancer at the single-cell level. Next, weighted gene coexpression network (WGCNA) was applied to reveal the highly correlated genes and coexpression networks of SAE1 in TNBC patients, and a prognostic model containing SAE1 and correlated genes was constructed. Finally, we also examined SAE1 protein expression of 207 TNBC tissues using immunohistochemical (IHC) staining.Results: The mRNA and protein expression of SAE1 were increased in TNBC tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues, and the protein expression of SAE1 was significantly associated with overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Correlation analyses revealed that SAE1 expression was positively correlated with forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) TFs and negatively correlated with SAE1 methylation site (cg14042711) level. WGCNA indicated that the genes coexpressed with SAE1 belonged to the green module containing 1,176 genes. Through pathway enrichment analysis of the module, 1,176 genes were found enriched in cell cycle and DNA repair. Single-cell analysis indicated that SAE1 and its coexpression genes were associated with cell cycle, DNA damage, DNA repair, and cell proliferation. Using the LASSO COX regression, a prognostic model including SAE1 and polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) was built to accurately predict the likelihood of DFS in TNBC patients.Conclusion: In conclusion, we comprehensively analyzed the mRNA and protein expression, prognosis, and interaction genes of SAE1 in TNBC and constructed a prognostic model including SAE1 and PLK1. These results might be important for better understanding of the role of SAE1 in TNBC. In addition, DNA methyltransferase and TFs inhibitor treatments targeting SAE1 might improve the survival of TNBC patients.
Biofilm Formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a Novel Septic Arthritis Model
Authors: Li Dingbin , Zhang Li , Liang Jinhua , Deng Wusheng , Wei Qingjun , Wang Ke 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundBacterial biofilms generally contribute to chronic infections and complicate effective treatment outcomes. To date, there have been no reports describing biofilm formation in animal models of septic arthritis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa). P. aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogenic bacterium which can lead to septic arthritis. The purpose of this study was to establish a rabbit model of septic arthritis caused by P. aeruginosa to determine whether it leads to biofilm formation in the knee joint cavity. In addition, we explored the role of cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) concentrations in biofilm formation in rabbit models.MethodsTwenty rabbits were randomly assigned to five groups: PAO1 (n = 4), PAO1ΔwspF (n = 4), PAO1/plac-yhjH (n = 4) infection group, Luria–Bertani (LB) broth (n = 4), and magnesium tetrasilicate (talc) (n = 4) control groups. Inoculation in the rabbit knee of P. aeruginosa or with the same volume of sterile LB or talc in suspension (control group) was used to induce septic arthritis in the animal model. In the infection groups, septic arthritis was caused by PAO1, PAO1ΔwspF, and PAO1/plac-yhjH strains, respectively. Rabbits were euthanized after 7 days, and pathological examination of synovial membrane was performed. The biofilms on the surface of the synovial membrane were observed by scanning electron microscopy, while the biofilms’ fiber deposition was discriminated using peptide nucleic acid-fluorescence in situ hybridization (PNA-FISH).ResultsA rabbit model for knee septic arthritis induced by P. aeruginosa was successfully established. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that PAO1 strains were surrounded in a self-produced extracellular matrix on the surface of synovial membrane and showed biofilm structures. The biofilms in the fibrous deposition were also observed by PNA-FISH. The PNA-FISH assay revealed that the red fluorescence size in the PAO1ΔwspF group was greater than in PAO1 and PAO1/plac-yhjH groups.ConclusionsThis is the first study to provide evidence that P. aeruginosa forms biofilms in a rabbit model for septic knee arthritis. The rabbit model can be used to investigate new approaches to treatment of biofilms in septic arthritis. Furthermore, c-di-GMP is a key signaling molecule which impacts on biofilm formation in rabbit models of knee septic arthritis.