bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physicomechanical and design characteristics of surface high-entropy alloys
Authors: Rusinov Peter , Blednova Zhesfina 
Published: March 2021

We investigated the phase composition of high-entropy shape memory alloys CoCuTiZrHf, NiCoTiZrHf, NiCuTiZrHf, ZrCuNiCoTi, TiNiZrHfCoCu after HVOF, thermomechanical treatment and thermal cycling. We have also developed criteria for calculating the energy capacity, enthalpy, entropy, theoretical strength of high-entropy alloys, taking into account the chemical composition and structural-phase state according to the results of X-ray phase analysis. We proposed a criterion for assessing the damageability of high-entropy alloys. The article describes calculations of energy consumption, entropy, enthalpy, theoretical strength of high-entropy alloys CoCuTiZrHf, NiCoTiZrHf, NiCuTiZrHf, ZrCuNiCoTi, TiNiZrHfCoCu both after HVOF and after thermomechanical treatment. After full-scale mechanical tests of surface-modified layers of high-entropy materials for bending with rotation, we obtained experimental values of cyclic durability and plotted fatigue curves. The calculated assessment of the cyclic durability was carried out according to the developed mathematical criteria. We calculated the damageability of high-entropy alloys and constructed the graphical curves of the dependence of the damageability on the cyclic life.
Implant-related complications in patients with opioid use disorder undergoing primary shoulder arthroplasties: a matched-controlled analysis
Authors: Swiggett Samuel J , Ciminero Matthew L , Weisberg Miriam D , Vakharia Rushabh M , Sadeghpour Ramin , Choueka Jack 
Published: March 2021

Background The purpose of this study was to investigate whether patients undergoing primary shoulder arthroplasty with opioid use disorder have higher rates of (1) implant-related complications; (2) in-hospital lengths of stay; (3) readmission rates; and (4) costs of care. Methods Opioid use disorder patients undergoing primary shoulder arthroplasty were queried and matched in a 1:5 ratio to controls by age, sex, and medical comorbidities within the Medicare database. The query yielded 25,489 patients with ( n = 4253) and without ( n = 21,236) opioid use disorder. Primary outcomes analyzed included: 2-year implant related complications, in-hospital lengths of stay, 90-day readmission rates, and 90-day costs of care. A p value less than 0.01 was considered statistically significant. Results Opioid use disorder patients had significantly longer in-hospital lengths of stay (3 days vs. 2 days; p < 0.0001) compared to matched controls. Opioid use disorder patients were also found to have higher incidence and odds (OR) of readmission rates (12.84 vs. 7.45%; OR: 1.16, p < 0.0001) and implant-related complications (20.03 vs. 7.95%; OR: 1.82, p < 0.0001). Study group patients also incurred significantly higher 90-day costs of care ($16,918.85 vs. $15,195.37, p < 0.0001). Discussion This study can be used to help further augment efforts to reduce opioid prescriptions from healthcare providers in shoulder arthroplasty settings.
Complications and mortality associated with olecranon fractures in the elderly: a retrospective cohort comparison from a large level one trauma centre
Authors: Parkes J , Limb R , Quadri ST , Lamb JN , Mohrir G , Yousef A , West RM , Cowling P 
Published: March 2021

Background Olecranon fractures in the elderly have an increasing incidence. This retrospective study aims to identify the complications and survivorship of these patients. Methods All patients >70 years old treated for an olecranon fracture at our institution were identified between 2007 and 2019. Loss of reduction and/or metalwork loosening was recorded. Also noted were wound healing problems, deep/superficial infections, and any subsequent treatment including return to surgery and/or removal of metalwork. Results From a total of 177 cases, 28 presented with concomitant fractures (16%), half of which were hip fractures. The largest treatment group underwent tension band wiring ( n = 82, 46%, mean age 80.8 yrs). Twenty-one of these suffered failure of fixation (26%), all requiring return to surgery. The second largest treatment group underwent plating ( n = 50 28%, mean age 80.1 yrs). Four of these suffered failure of fixation (8%), all requiring return to surgery. Forty-four patients were treated non-operatively (25%, mean age 83.8 yrs). Two patients suffered other complications (4.5%). Overall 1 year survivorship was 0.82. Discussion Olecranon fractures in the elderly have higher than expected 1 year mortality rates. Operative management results in high complication rates, often requiring return to surgery for metalwork problems. Significant consideration of treatment options is required in this cohort.
The Association of Helmet Use with the Occurrence of Maxillofacial Injuries Following Bicycle or Scooter Accidents: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Al Saffar M. M. A. , Verdonschot R. J. C. G. , Stassen H. S. , Wolvius E. B. , Rozeboom A. V. J. 
Published: March 2021

Study Design: Retrospective Cohort Study. Objective: Yearly, bicycle and scooter accidents in the Netherlands amount to 90 thousand emergency department visits. Maxillofacial injuries are common after cycling or scooter accidents. To prevent these injuries, helmet use might be beneficial. However, the effect of helmet use on maxillofacial injuries remains unclear. The aim of this retrospective study is to assess the effect of helmet use on maxillofacial injuries in patients who had a bicycle or scooter accident. Methods: We collected data from the emergency department of the Erasmus Medical Center in the period from October 2017 to October 2019. Patients that were involved in a bicycle or scooter accident and subsequently received a CT scan of the head were included. We compared the incidence of maxillofacial injuries in helmeted cyclists and scooter users to non-helmeted users. Descriptive and analytic statistics were computed. Level of statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: Helmet use among scooter users was associated with a significant reduction in maxillofacial fractures (p < 0.001) and soft tissue injuries (p < 0.001). Helmet use among cyclists was not associated with a reduction in maxillofacial fractures (p = 0.17) or soft tissue injuries (p = 0.30). Helmet use was not associated with a reduction in soft tissue injuries of the lower face in both cyclists (p = 0.47) and scooter users (p = 0.24) Conclusions: Helmet use should be considered among cyclists and scooter users to prevent maxillofacial injuries. Especially unhelmeted scooter users might benefit from helmet use as this is associated with a lower incidence of maxillofacial injuries.
Barriers to Accessing Kidney Transplantation Among Populations Marginalized by Race and Ethnicity in Canada: A Scoping Review Part 1—Indigenous Communities in Canada
Authors: El-Dassouki Noor , Wong Dorothy , Toews Deanna M. , Gill Jagbir , Edwards Beth , Orchanian-Cheff Ani , Smith Mary , Neves Paula , Marshall Lydia-Joi , Mucsi Istvan 
Published: March 2021

Background: Kidney transplantation (KT), a treatment option for end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), is associated with longer survival and improved quality of life compared with dialysis. Inequities in access to KT, and specifically, living donor kidney transplantation (LDKT), have been documented in Canada along various demographic dimensions. In this article, we review existing evidence about inequitable access and barriers to KT and LDKT for patients from Indigenous communities in Canada. Objective: To characterize the current state of literature on access to KT and LDKT among Indigenous communities in Canada and to answer the research question, “what factors may influence inequitable access to KT among Indigenous communities in Canada.” Eligibility criteria: Databases and gray literature were searched in June and November 2020 for full-text original research articles or gray literature resources addressing KT access or barriers in Indigenous communities in Canada. A total of 26 articles were analyzed thematically. Sources of evidence: Gray literature and CINAHL, OVID Medline, OVID Embase, and Cochrane databases. Charting methods: Literature characteristics were recorded and findings which described rates of and factors that influence access to KT were summarized in a narrative account. Key themes were subsequently identified and synthesized thematically in the review. Results: Indigenous communities in Canada experience various barriers in accessing culturally safe medical information and care, resulting in inequitable access to KT. Barriers include insufficient incorporation of Indigenous ways of knowing and being in information dissemination and care for ESKD and KT, spiritual concerns, health beliefs, logistical hurdles to accessing care, and systemic mistrust resulting from colonialism and systemic racism. Limitations: This review included studies that used various methodologies and did not assess study quality. Data on Indigenous status were not reported or defined in a standardized manner. Indigenous communities are not homogeneous and views on organ donation and KT vary by individual. Conclusions: Our scoping review has identified potential barriers that Indigenous communities may face in accessing KT and LDKT. Further research is urgently needed to better understand barriers and support needs and to develop strategies to improve equitable access to KT and LDKT for Indigenous populations in Canada.
How Are Orthopaedic Sports Medicine Physicians Triaging Cases and Using Telehealth in Response to COVID-19? A Survey of AOSSM Membership
Authors: Lau Brian C. , Wittstein Jocelyn R. , Anakwenze Oke A. 
Published: March 2021

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the practice of orthopaedic sports medicine. The threat of COVID-19 persists, and future restrictions to elective procedures are possible. It is important to understand how sports surgeons are prioritizing surgical cases during elective case restrictions and how telehealth is being incorporated into practice. Purpose: To understand how orthopaedic sports surgeons have triaged surgical sports cases and how telehealth is being utilized in response to COVID-19. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: A survey was presented to participants of the American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine (AOSSM) webinar “Handling Sports and COVID-19” and distributed through email to all members of the AOSSM. The survey consisted of 25 questions with 3 sections: demographics, clinical practice, and telehealth. Descriptive statistics were performed. Results: Overall, 104 respondents participated. Respondents varied with respect to their location, type of clinical practice, and years in practice. The cases with the highest priority during triage included infections, fractures, and traumatic tendon ruptures (eg, quadriceps tendon). Before COVID-19, <14.0% of surgeons used telehealth, and 76.7% had never used telehealth. Now, however, 81.4% of respondents plan to use telehealth at least once a week in their practice. Respondents indicated postoperative visits and return patients as the most appropriate for telehealth. The majority felt that telehealth was not appropriate for new shoulder (65.9%) or knee (55.6%) evaluation. The leading barriers to telehealth use that were identified included, in decreasing order, concerns about clinical appropriateness, accuracy of physical examination, billing/reimbursement, and medicolegal concerns. Conclusion: Telehealth has seen rapid adoption during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the majority of respondents plan to continue using it. It is being used more for established patients rather than new patient visits. For surgical cases, there was a clear triage priority of sports medicine cases, including infections, fractures, and traumatic tendon ruptures. Lower extremity cases had higher priority than upper extremity.
Evolutionary insights into coagulation factor IX Padua and other high-specific-activity variants
Authors: Samelson-Jones Benjamin J. , Finn Jonathan D. , Raffini Leslie J. , Merricks Elizabeth P. , Camire Rodney M. , Nichols Timothy C. , Arruda Valder R. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The high-specific-activity factor IX (FIX) variant Padua (R338L) is the most promising transgene for hemophilia B (HB) gene therapy. Although R338 is strongly conserved in mammalian evolution, amino acid substitutions at this position are underrepresented in HB databases. We therefore undertook a complete 20 amino acid scan and determined the specific activity of human (h) and canine (c) FIX variants with every amino acid substituted at position 338. Notably, we observe that hFIX-R338L is the most active variant and cFIX-R338L is sevenfold higher than wild-type (WT) cFIX. This is consistent with the previous identification of hFIX-R338L as a cause of a rare X-linked thrombophilia risk factor. Moreover, WT hFIX and cFIX are some of the least active variants. We confirmed the increased specific activity relative to FIX-WT in vivo of a new variant, cFIX-R338I, after gene therapy in an HB dog. Last, we screened 232 pediatric subjects with thromboembolic disease without identifying F9 R338 variants. Together these observations suggest a surprising evolutionary pressure to limit FIX activity with WT FIX rather than maximize FIX activity.
Primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the kidney: a rare case
Authors: Pandey R. , Batra R. , Dhaigude P. , Gupta D. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Primitive neuroectodermal tumor commonly occurs in bones and is equivalent to Ewing’s sarcoma. Very few cases have been reported in the literature and they had a very different presentation and very aggressive behavior.

Case presentation
We present a case of a young 23-year-old male who presented with complaints of pain in left lumbar region of abdomen since 8 months and hematuria off and on. CT scan of the abdomen was done which revealed a large heterogeneously enhancing mass lesion in the left lumbar region arising from the superior and mid-pole of left kidney showing multiple non-enhancing necrotic areas. A diagnosis of left renal cell carcinoma was kept. Through the transperitoneal approach, the left kidney was approached and a left radical nephrectomy was done. The histopathology report revealed the tumor cells to be positive for CD99 and focally positive for Vimentin and negative for cytokeratin thereby making a diagnosis of primary neuroectodermal tumor (PNET).

Conclusions
Renal PNET is a rare renal malignancy that should be kept in the differential diagnosis of a renal SOL especially when it is a presenting feature in adolescent and young adult. It has a very aggressive course and multimodal therapy has to be considered in its treatment
How do you manage ANTICOagulant therapy in neurosurgery? The ANTICO survey of the Italian Society of Neurosurgery (SINCH)
Authors: Prior Alessandro , Fiaschi Pietro , Iaccarino Corrado , Stefini Roberto , Battaglini Denise , Balestrino Alberto , Anania Pasquale , Prior Enrico , Zona Gianluigi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundAnticoagulant assumption is a concern in neurosurgical patient that implies a delicate balance between the risk of thromboembolism versus the risk of peri- and postoperative hemorrhage.MethodsWe performed a survey among 129 different neurosurgical departments in Italy to evaluate practice patterns regarding the management of neurosurgical patients taking anticoagulant drugs. Furthermore, we reviewed the available literature, with the aim of providing a comprehensive but practical summary of current recommendations.ResultsOur survey revealed that there is a lack of knowledge, mostly regarding the indication and the strategies of anticoagulant reversal in neurosurgical clinical practice. This may be due a lack of national and international guidelines for the care of anticoagulated neurosurgical patients, along with the fact that coagulation and hemostasis are not simple topics for a neurosurgeon.ConclusionsTo overcome this issue, establishment of hospital-wide policy concerning management of anticoagulated patients and developed in an interdisciplinary manner are strongly recommended.
Kaposiform haemangioendothelioma: magnetic resonance imaging features in 64 cases
Authors: Peng Suhua , Xia Chunchao , Yang Kaiying , Chen Siyuan , Ji Yi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Kaposiform haemangioendothelioma (KHE) is a rare, locally aggressive disorder. The presenting and imaging features of KHE can overlap with other vascular anomalies and tumours. We aimed to analyse the imaging findings of KHE disorder and highlight features most suggestive of this diagnosis.

Methods
The clinical features and imaging findings were retrospectively reviewed in 64 patients with pathological diagnosis of KHE.

Results
Of the 64 patients diagnosed with KHE, 36 patients were < 6 months and 28 patients were ≥ 6 months. The most common presenting features were Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon (KMP, 42.2 %), visible cutaneous lesions (90.6 %), oedema or swelling (43.8 %) and destructive changes or remodelling of adjacent bone (42.2 %). Compared with patients in the group ≥ 6 months, patients in the group < 6 months have higher odds of KMP (P = 0.000), infiltrative lesion with ill-defined borders (P = 0.044). The group ≥ 6 months have higher odds of destructive changes or remodelling of adjacent bone (P = 0.002). In all patients, the lesions in all of the 64 patients were hypointense or isointense compared with muscle on T1-weighted sequences, and hyperintense on T2-weighted or inversion-recovery sequences, nine patients (14.1 %) showed vascularity. There were 28 patients (43.8 %) with characteristic enhancing and infiltrative soft-tissue thickening.

Conclusions
Presence of visible cutaneous lesions with ill-defined borders, destructive changes or remodelling of adjacent bone, severe thrombocytopenia and consumptive coagulopathy should favour the diagnosis of KHE.
Nanotechnology against human cytomegalovirus in vitro: polyanionic carbosilane dendrimers as antiviral agents
Authors: Relaño-Rodríguez I. , Espinar-Buitrago M. S. , Martín-Cañadilla V. , Gómez-Ramirez R. , Jiménez J. L. , Muñoz-Fernández M. A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a worldwide infection, causing different troublesome in immunosupressed patients and very related to Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 (HIV-1) infection, mainly in developing countries, with a co-infection rate of 80% in Africa. The high cost of present treatments and the lack of routinely tests in these countries urge the necessity to develop new molecules or strategies against HCMV. The new treatments should be low-cost and capable of avoiding the emerging problem of resistant virus. Nanoparticles play an important role in several viral infections. Our main focus is to study the potential activity of polyanionic carbosilane dendrimers (PDC), which are hyperbranched molecules with several sulfonate or sulfate groups in their periphery, against different viruses.

Results
We studied the activity of G1-S4, G2-S16 and G2-S24P PDCs in MRC-5 cell line against HCMV infection by several plaque reduction assays. Our results show that dendrimers present good biocompatibility at the concentrations tested (1–50 µM) for 6 days in cell culture. Interestingly, both G2-S16 and G2-S24P showed a remarked inhibition at 10 µM against HCMV infection. Results on attachment and virucidal assays indicated that the inhibition was not directed to the virus or the virus-cell attachment. However, results of time of addition, showed a longer lasting activity of these dendrimers in comparison to ganciclovir, and the combination of G2-S16 or G2-S24P with ganciclovir increases the HCMV inhibition around 90 %.

Conclusions
Nanotechnology, in particular polyanionic carbosilane dendrimers, have proved their potential application against HCMV, being capable of inhibiting the infection by themselves or enhancing the activity of ganciclovir, the actual treatment. These compounds represent a low-cost approach to fight HCMV infections.
High rate of bleeding and arterial thrombosis in COVID-19: Saudi multicenter study
Authors: Al Raizah Abdulrahman , Al Askar Ahmed , Shaheen Naila , Aldosari Khalid , Alnahdi Mohamed , Luhanga Musumadi , Alshuaibi Turki , Bajhmoum Wail , Alharbi Khaled , Alsahari Ghaida , Algahtani Hadeel , Alrayes Eunice , Basendwah Abdulrahim , Abotaleb Alia , Almegren Mosaad 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Several observational studies have reported the rate of venous and arterial thrombotic events in patients infected with COVID-19, with conflicting results. The aim of this study was to estimate the rate of thrombotic and bleeding events in hospitalized patients diagnosed with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Methods
This was a multicenter study of 636 patients admitted between 20 March 2020 and 31 May 2020 with confirmed COVID-19 in four hospitals.

Results
Over a median length of stay in the non-ICU group of 7 days and of 19 days in the ICU group, twelve patients were diagnosed with Venous thromboembolism (VTE) (1.8 %) (95 % CI, 1.1–3). The rate in the non-ICU group was 0.19 % (95 % CI, 0.04–0.84), and that in the ICU group was 10.3 % (95 % CI, 6.4–16.2). The overall rate of arterial event is 2.2 % (95 % CI, 1.4–3.3). The rates in the non-ICU and ICU groups were 0.94 % (95 % CI, 0.46–0.1.9) and 8.4 % (95 % CI, 5.0–14.0). The overall composite event rate was 2.9 % (95 % CI, 2.0–4.3). The composite event rates in the non-ICU and ICU groups were 0.94 % (95 % CI, 0.46–0.1.9) and 13.2 % (95 % CI, 8.7–19.5). The overall rate of bleeding is 1.7 % (95 % CI, 1.0–2.8). The bleeding rate in the non-ICU group was 0.19 % (95 % CI, 0.04–0.84), and that in the ICU group was 9.4 % (95 % CI, 5.7–15.1). The baseline D-dimer level was a significant risk factor for developing VTE (OR 1.31, 95 % CI, 1.08–1.57, p = 0.005) and composite events (OR 1.32, 95 % CI, 1.12–1.55, p = 0.0007).

Conclusions
In this study, we found that the VTE rates in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 might not be higher than expected. In contrast to the risk of VTE, we found a high rate of arterial and bleeding complications in patients admitted to the ICU. An elevated D-dimer level at baseline could predict thrombotic complications in COVID-19 patients and may assist in the identification of these patients. Given the high rate of bleeding, the current study suggests that the intensification of anticoagulation therapy in COVID-19 patients beyond the standard of care be pursued with caution and would best be evaluated in a randomized controlled study.