bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perfluoroperhydrophenanthrene (Vitreon) in the Management of Giant Retinal Tears: Results of a Collaborative Study*
Authors: Millsap C Mark , Peyman Gholam A , Mehta Nalin J , Greve Mark D J , Lee Kwang J , Ma Patrick E , Dunlap Weldon A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Fifty cases of retinal detachment with a giant retinal tear were managed using perfluoroperhydrophenanthrene (Vitreon) as an intraoperative and postoperative tool. The giant tear was less than 180° in 76% of the eyes, greater than 180° in 22%, and greater than 270° in 2%. Proliferative vitreoretinopathy was present in 40%. Vitreon was used only intraoperatively in 84% of the eyes, and was left in 16% for up to 4 weeks. Intraoperative retinal reattachment was achieved in 98%. Retinal attachment was maintained in 88%, with a mean follow up of 8.6 months. Postoperative visual acuity was better than 20/400 in 52%. Postoperative complications included cataract in 23%, choroidal effusion in 2%, hypotony in 4%, and recurrent retinal detachment with proliferative vitreoretinopathy in 26%.
Subconjunctival Dislocation of Posterior Chamber Intraocular Lens
Authors: Sandramouli S , Kumar Atul , Rao Venkateshwar , Khosla Amit 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A posterior chamber intraocular lens (PC-IOL) dislocated into the subconjunctival space following a concussion injury in a 24-year-old man who had gained good visual acuity following extracapsular cataract extraction and PC-IOL implantation for a steroid-induced cataract. Except for long-term use of topical steroid therapy for vernal catarrh, the patient had no systemic or ocular predisposing factors for wound dehiscence. Given the risk of endophthalmitis, the PC-IOL was removed and anterior vitrectomy was performed on an emergency basis. To our knowledge, this is the second documented case of a subconjunctivally dislocated PC-IOL.
THC:YAG Nasolacrimal Duct Recanalization
Authors: Silkiss Rona Z 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
In an early exploration of a new technique for creating a patent nasolacrimal duct system, a chromium-sensitized and thulium- and holmium-doped YAG laser was used to canalize the nasolacrimal duct of a fresh-frozen bisected human cadaver head. The laser-long-pulsed (300 milliseconds), compact, self-contained, and solid-state-operates in the near infrared range (2.1 µm). The technique involved passing a 550-micrometer quartz fiberoptic through the dilated superior punctum and canalicular system, down through the nasolacrimal duct. The quartz fiberoptic was then withdrawn into the area of the lacrimal sac. Pulse energies of 500 mJ were used at a repetition rate of five pulses per second to ablate the duct lining. The nasolacrimal duct was then unroofed and the epithelial lining of the duct histopathologically evaluated.
Total Choroidal Detachment Complicating Dural Arteriovenous Sinus Fistula
Authors: Wang Michael L , Seiff Stuart R , Halbach Van V , Christenbury Jonathan D , Jaben Scott L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We present the first (to our knowledge) angiographically documented case of total lobular choroidal detachment as a complication of a dural arteriovenous fistula, in which sequential management led to improved vision.
Diode Laser-Pumped, Frequency-Doubled Neodymium:YAG Laser Peripheral Iridotomy
Authors: Abreu Mario Marc , Siera Rafael A , Netland Peter A 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The solid state, continuous-wave, frequency-doubled neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser pumped by a diode laser has several advantages, including air cooling, higher electrical to optical efficiency ratios, portability, and the use of standard 110-V AC electrical service. The authors wanted to evaluate the use of the frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser for peripheral iridotomy and to compare the tissue interactions of this laser with those of the argon laser.
* MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors developed a diode laser-pumped, solid-state, and portable frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser with a wavelength of 532 nm. The effects of peripheral iridotomy with the frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser and the argon laser were evaluated in pig eyes in vitro and in rabbit eyes in vivo. Specimens were prepared for light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.
* RESULTS: The frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser successfully created patent iridotomies in all animal eyes treated. The following parameters were used to create penetrating burns: duration of 0.1 second, spot size of 100 um, and power of 500 mW. In rabbit eyes, the mean number of pulses (P= .16) and die total energy required [P= .21) for iridotomy were not significandy different for the argon laser compared with the frequency-doubled Nd: YAG laser. Gross and histologic evaluation showed similar thermal effects in iris tissues for both the frequency-doubled Nd: YAG laser and the argon laser. The mean zone of thermal damage was 178 ± 19 urn for the frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser and 163 ± 24 pm for tlie argon laser (P = .14). Scanning electron microscopy showed less disruption of tJhe surface of the lesion for the frequency-doubled Nd: YAG laser compared with the argon laser.
* CONCLUSIONS: Successful peripheral iridotomy can be performed with the frequency-doubled Nd: YAG laser. Coagulative effects with the frequency-doubled Nd: YAG were similar to those with the argon laser, and the thermal damage zones were comparable in size.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:305-310.]
Intraoperative Mitomycin-C for Glaucoma Associated With Ocular Inflammation
Authors: Wright Martha M , McGehee Read F , Pederson Jonathan E 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The authors studied the efficacy and complications of intraoperative mitomycin-C in glaucoma associated with ocular inflammation.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: The authors retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 24 consecutive patients (24 eyes) with glaucoma and ocular inflammation who had been treated with trabeculectomy and intraoperative mitomycin-C. Patient ages ranged from 10 to 83 years (mean 43 years). All patients were observed for at least 6 months.
* RESULTS: With a mean follow-up time of 14.6 months, 18 of the 24 patients (75%) retained vision and had an intraocular pressure of 21 mm Hg or lower with or without medications (range 4 to 21 mm Hg; mean 13.4 mm Hg). Fifteen of 24 patients (62%) had an intraocular pressure of 21 mm Hg or lower with no medications. Three patients required tube shunt implants. One patient had a retinal detachment and lost light perception. One patient had endophthalmitis 14 months after surgery. Seven of 24 patients lost two or more lines of Snellen acuity.
* CONCLUSION: Trabeculectomy with mitomycin-C can control intraocular pressure in glaucoma associated with ocular inflammation, but complications are frequent.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:370-376.]
Photodynamic Therapy for Choriocapillaris Using Tin Ethyl Etiopurpurin (SnET2)
Authors: Peyman Gholam A , Moshfeghi Darius M , Moshfeghi Andrew , Khoobehi Bahram , Doiron Daniel R , Primbs George B , Crean David H 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To investigate the use of photodynamic therapy (PDT) using tin ethyl etiopurpurin (SnET2) for occluding the choriocapillaris in the eyes of pigmented rabbits.

* MATERIALS AND METHODS: Following intravenous injection of SnET2 (0.5 and 1 mg/kg) or lipid emulsion alone, the fundus of pigmented rabbits (n = 21) was irradiated starting 15 to 45 minutes after photosensitizer injection using 664-nm light at a fluence of 300 mW/cm
p 2
and light doses of 5 to 20 J/cm
p 2
. Funduscopy, fluorescein angiography, and light and electron microscopy were performed at 1, 14, and 28 days after PDT.

* RESULTS: Following SnET2 and PDT, closure of the choriocapillaris was achieved with light doses as low as 5 J/cm
p 2
(17 seconds) and a drug dose of 0.5 mg/kg of SnET2. Vascular occlusion was documented by fluorescein angiography and histology. Photodynamic damage was noted in the choriocapillary endothelial cells. Retinal pigment epithelial damage and outer retinal damage were also observed. No funduscopic, angiographic, or histologic findings were present in the eyes of pigmented control rabbits.

* CONCLUSIONS: PDT with SnET2 was effective in this animal model, using low levels of activating light for the occlusion of the choriocapillaris. This has clinical implications for the treatment of choroidal neovascularization and could be a more selective therapy than thermal laser photocoagulation.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:409-417.]
Silicone Oil Removal Using a Self-Sealing Corneal Incision Under Topical Anesthesia
Authors: Yildirim Rengin , Aras Cengiz , Ozdamar Akif , Bahcecioglu Halil 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To report the results of silicone oil removal from aphakic eyes using a self-sealing clear corneal incision under topical anesthesia.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-two eyes of 22 patients who had pars plana vitrectomy combined with silicone oil injection underwent silicone oil removal under topical anesthesia using a self-sealing clear corneal incision. Mean time between silicone oil injection and removal was 3.1 ± 1.42 months. Fourteen eyes were filled with 1300 cs of silicone oil and 8 eyes were filled with 5700 cs of silicone oil. The removal was performed with passive washout in the eyes filled with 1300 cs of silicone oil and with active aspiration in the eyes filled with 5700 cs of silicone oil.
* RESULTS: All of the 22 silicone oil removal procedures performed under topical anesthesia had clear corneal incisions that did not require suturing at the end of surgery. Three cases that had 1300 cs of silicone oil required aspiration because of residual silicone oil bubbles.
* CONCLUSION: Silicone oil can be removed from the aphakic eye Using a self-sealing corneal tunnel incision under topical anesthesia.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1999; 30: 24-26.]
Fluorescent Labeling of Blood Cells for Evaluation of Retinal and Choroidal Circulation
Authors: Khoobehi Bahram , Peyman Gholam A 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To develop a method of staining and tracking cells in vivo with a scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO) to evaluate the retinal and choroidal circulations.
* MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve pigmented male rats were used.
Staining of leukocytes. Two commercially available nucleic acid stains SYTO 16 and SYTO 59 (Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR) were used to stain leukocytes. Blood (0.5 mL) was withdrawn from the subject animal and placed in a heparinized tube to which phosphate buffered solution was added (1.0 mL buffer/0.5 mL blood). Ten microliters of solution of SYTO 16 or SYTO 59 in alcohol (5 mM) was added.
Staining of Erythrocytes. The lipophilic carbocyanine dye indocarbocyanine (D-307, Molecular Probes) was used to stain erythrocytes. Blood (0.1 mL) was withdrawn from the subject and handled as above; plasma and leukocytes were removed with a pipette. HEPES buffer was added to the remaining erythrocytes (1.4 mL buffer added to 0.1 mL blood). Ten microliters of D-307 in alcohol (5 mM) was added to the 1.5 mL buffered blood. The final concentration of dyes in the buffered blood mixtures was 0.03 mM. The stained cells were injected intravenously in the subject animal. The eyes were observed with SLO; the resident helium-neon laser was used to excite the SYTO 59 and the resident argon laser for SYTO 16. The He-Ne laser was used to excite the D-307-stained erythrocytes.
* RESULTS: The movement of the leukocytes and erythrocytes in the retinal and choroidal vessels was clearly distinguishable from the surrounding tissue.
* CONCLUSION: By selecting different dyes for staining leukocytes or erythrocytes and choosing appropriate laser wavelengths, the hemodynamics of blood cells can be observed and evaluated in the retina and choroid.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1999:30:140-145.]
Evaluation of Cataract Surgery in Intermediate Uveitis
Authors: Fogla Rajesk , Biswas Jyotirmay , Ganesh Sudha K , Ravishankar K 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The authors analyzed the results of cataract surgery performed on patients with intermediate uveitis from January 1990 through January 1997.
* MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-two eyes of 44 patients with intermediate uveitis underwent cataract surgery during this period. These patients were evaluated with respect to duration of intermediate uveitis, treatment regimen, intraoperative complications and final visual results.
* RESULTS: Visual acuity improved following surgery in 94.2% eyes and 71.2% eyes achieved a final visual acuity better than or equal to 20/60. Intraocular lens implantation accompanied the surgery in 24 eyes. Regional and systemic steroids were required for control of inflammation. The factors that limited visual recovery were severe cystoid macular edema, epiretinal membrane formation, and secondary retinal detachment. Recurrence of uveitis was noted in 6 cases.
* CONCLUSION: Absolute control of inflammation, atraumatic surgery, and regular postoperative follow-up can improve the results of cataract extraction. Intraocular lens implantation in selected cases is well tolerated with good visual results.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 199930:191-198.]
The Photic Sneeze Reflex and Ocular Anesthesia
Authors: Wessels Izak F , Wessels Delia A , Zimmerman Grenith J 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Intravenous sedation to minimize discomfort from local anesthetic injection has many potential complications including severe involuntary sneezing (IS). This prospective study evaluates the occurrence of IS and a history of photic sneezing (PS).
* METHODS AND MATERIALS: All patients receiving local anesthesia (retrobulbar or periocular injections) after intravenous thiopentone for eye surgery during eight months were asked about PS and observed for IS.
* RESULTS: The 557 patients (40% males) had a mean age of 69.9 years and 14% recalled PS (29.5% males). IS developed in 5.2% of the 557- Only 7.6% of those with PS developed IS. After periocular injections 23-8% developed as compared to 4.5% after retrobulbar injections. (P<0.001). There was no relationship between PS and IS (p=0.43)
* CONCLUSION: IS is not linked to PS, with males and females at equal risk for either. IS is more common after periocular injections.
[Ophthalmic Surg and Lasers 1999;30:208-21 1.]
The Effect of Mitomycin-C on the Healing Process in Rabbit Extraocular Muscle Surgery
Authors: Oh Sei Yeul , Park Dong-Woo , Chang Bong Leen 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: One of the most serious complications following extraocular muscle surgery is formation of postoperative adhesions that may result in restrictive ocular motility dysfunction. The effect of mitomycin-C (MMC) on postoperative wound healing in extraocular muscle surgery was investigated.
* MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixteen albino rabbits (24 eyes) were used and anesthetized with ketamine and xylazine. These rabbits were divided into 3 groups; (1) control group (balanced salt solution (BSS) exposure for 5 minutes), (2) Group 1 (0.5 mg/ml MMC exposure for 1 minute) and (3) Group 2 (0.5 mg/ml MMC exposure for 5 minutes). After 3 mm recession of superior rectus muscle, MMC or BSS was applied using Weck-Cel sponge (Solan, Jacksonville, FL). The reduction of fibroblast and collagen fiber proliferation were evaluated histopathologically with light microscope at 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks after operation. We also evaluated the amount of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) by immunohistochemical study at the same time.
* RESULTS: Histopathologically, there was a more significant reduction of fibroblast and collagen fiber proliferation in Group 1 and 2 than the control group. Immunohistochemically, Group 1 and 2 showed lesser expression of bFGF than the control group. But, there was no difference between Group 1 and 2.
* CONCLUSIONS: Topical intraoperative application of mitomycin C in extraocular muscle surgery may reduce postoperative adhesions.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1999;30:305-309.]
Comparison of Phacotrabeculectomy With 5-Fluorouracil, Mitomycin-C, and Without Antifibrotic Agents
Authors: Budenz Donald L , Pyfer Mark , Singh Kuldev , Gordon Jeffrey , Piltz-Seymour Jody , Keates Edwin U 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the potential benefits, complications, and prognostic risk factors for failure of phacotrabeculectomy performed with or without 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and mitomycin-C (MMC).
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective chart review of 78 patients who underwent phacotrabeculectomy during a 2-year period. Patients were divided into 3 groups, those who received 5-FU (N=28), MMC (N=29), or no antifibrotic agent (N=21).
* RESULTS: All 3 groups had statistically significant lower intraocular pressures (IOP) on fewer antiglaucomatous medications at 6-month, 12-month, and last follow-up compared to preoperative levels (P<.05). Intraocular pressures were lower in the group that received MMC compared to the 5-FU group, but not in the group that did not receive antimetabolites, at all time intervals measured (P<.05). Black race was a strong predictor of failure of trabeculectomy (P=009). No differences in final visual acuity or complications were found between groups.
* CONCLUSIONS: Phacotrabeculectomy is effective regardless of antimetabolite use. Race is a strong predictor of failure.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1999;30:367-374.]
Combined Lensectomy, Vitrectomy and Scleral Fixation of Intraocular Lens Implant After Closed-globe Injury
Authors: Chaudhry Nauman A , Belfort Armando , Flynn Harry W , Tabandeh Homayoun , Smiddy William E , Murray Timothy G 
Published: April 2021

* PURPOSE: To describe our experience in the surgical management of cataracts in patients with complications of closed-globe injury using pars plana lensectomy (PPL), pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), and scleral fixation of posterior chamber intraocular lens (PCIOL).
* METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed charts of all patients with closed-globe injury who underwent PPL, PPV and scleral fixation of PCIOL at our institution between January 1991 and July 1997. We identified 28 eyes; because of less than 2 weeks follow-up, 4 eyes were excluded from the current study. All eyes had lens subluxation/dislocation and visually significant cataract. Additional indications for surgery included secondary glaucoma (10 eyes), vitreous hemorrhage (3 eyes) and retinal detachment (1 eye).
* RESULTS: The postoperative follow-up interval ranged from 6 to 61 months (mean 18.5 months). Preoperative visual acuity (VA) ranged from 20/60 to hand motion and was 20/100 or better in 6 eyes (25%). Postoperatively, 19 eyes (79%) improved to 20/100 or better. Five eyes had subsequent surgery for the following indications: retinal detachment (2 eyes), poorly controlled glaucoma (2 eyes), and epiretinal membrane formation (1 eye).
* CONCLUSIONS: In patients undergoing PPL, PPV and scleral fixation of PCIOL for cataract after a closed-globe injury, a substantial visual improvement occurred in a majority of the involved eyes.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1999;30:375-381.]
Effect of Diclofenac Sodium and Dexamethasone on Cultured Human Tenon's Capsule Fibroblasts
Authors: Sun Ran , Gimbel Howard V , Liu Sue , Guo Dianlin , Hollenberg Morley D 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of diclofenac sodium and dexamethasone on cultured human Tenon's capsule fibroblasts.
* MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, fibroblasts were treated with either diclofenac sodium or dexamethasone at different concentrations, and the cell growth was quantified by using Coulter counter and hexosaminidase methods at 1, 3, 5, and 7 days after adding the drugs. In the second experiment, the cells were treated with each drug for 24 hours and then the cultures were switched to a drug-free medium. The cell growth was quantified at day 7 after removing the drugs from the medium.
* RESULTS: In the first experiment, inhibition of fibroblast growth in a dose-dependent manner was observed from days 1 to 7 in the cultures treated with each drug. The inhibitory was more pronounced in the diclofenac treated cultures. The typical spindle-shaped fibroblasts treated with higher concentrations of the drugs became spherical cells. In the second experiment, inhibition was not observed when the cultures were switched to a drug-free medium. The spherical cells recovered to spindle-shaped cells and proliferated as normal cells.
* CONCLUSION: Our results have shown that diclofenac sodium and dexamethasone can significantly inhibit human Tenon's capsule fibroblast growth in a cell culture model. The inhibitory effect was not observed when the cultures were switched after 24 hours to a drug-free culture medium.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1999;30:382-388.]
Microbial Keratitis Following Penetrating Keratoplasty
Authors: Akova Yonca A , Onat Mustafa , Koc Figen , Nurozler Ayse , Duman Sunay 
Published: April 2021

* PURPOSE: To investigate the prevalence of microbial keratitis, predisposing risk factors and treatment modalities in patients who developed keratitis following penetrating keratoplasty (PK).
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: The records of 285 patients who had undergone PK between January 1991 and December 1995 in a tertiary care center were reviewed. Patients who developed postoperative microbial keratitis were evaluated for predisposing risk factors, microbiological etiology, response to broad spectrum antibiotic therapy and subsequent PK. Patients were mainly treated with fortified topical antibiotics with or without repeat PK.
* RESULTS: Of the 285 patient records reviewed, microbial keratitis developed in 21 eyes of 21 patients (7.4%). Seventy-one percent of infections occurred within 6 months after grafting. Keratitis initially began from the donor-recipient border in 16 cases (76.2%) and were central or paracentral in 5 patients. Predisposing risk factors included loose or exposed suture (9), suture removal (1), persistent epithelial defect (3), graft failure (3), contact lens wear (1), Stevens-Johnson syndrome (1). Fifteen (71.4%) patients were culture-positive consisting of Streptococcus pneumoniae (7), Staphylococcus aureus (5), Pseudomonas aureginosa (2), and Hemophilus influenzae (1). Forty-three percent of patients were successfully treated with medical therapy only. Seven patients underwent second PK for visual rehabilitation and 4 for tectonic purposes. After medical and surgical therapy, graft clarity was achieved in 17 (81%) of patients.
* CONCLUSIONS: The microbial keratitis following PK is a major postoperative problem affecting the long term prognosis. Careful selection of patients, and preoperative and postoperative control of risk factors, may decrease the frequency of this complication. Several factors, including loose or exposed sutures, epithelial defects, ocular surface disorders, and graft failure, may predispose patients to develop microbial keratitis following PK.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1999;30:449-455.]
An Unusual Complication of Retinal Reattachment Surgery
Authors: Özertürk Yusuf , Bardak Yavuz , Durmus Mustafa 
Published: April 2021

Abstract. The authors report a case with an unusual late extraocular complication of scleral buckling and local silicone sponge implant. Four years after the reattachment surgery, a ptotic upper eyelid perforated by local silicone sponge implant and fistula between upper eyelid and sclera were detected. Primary repair of upper eyelid and removal of silicone sponge were performed. One year later, the retina was attached and there was no problem with the upper eyelid.
Cryotherapy, episcleral expiant (scleral buckling), and local implant (sponge) are frequently used and effective methods for retinal reattachment surgery.1,2 Postoperative early and late complications have been reported.3"8 To our knowledge, there is no report of upper eyelid perforation, ptosis and fistula formation caused by silicone sponge implant rejection. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1999;30:483-484.]