bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-Intensity Exercise Training Protects the Brain Against Autoimmune Neuroinflammation: Regulation of Microglial Redox and Pro-inflammatory Functions
Authors: Zaychik Yifat , Fainstein Nina , Touloumi Olga , Goldberg Yehuda , Hamdi Liel , Segal Shir , Nabat Hanan , Zoidou Sofia , Grigoriadis Nikolaos , Katz Abram , Ben-Hur Tamir , Einstein Ofira 
Published: February 2021

Background: Exercise training induces beneficial effects on neurodegenerative diseases, and specifically on multiple sclerosis (MS) and it’s model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). However, it is unclear whether exercise training exerts direct protective effects on the central nervous system (CNS), nor are the mechanisms of neuroprotection fully understood. In this study, we investigated the direct neuroprotective effects of high-intensity continuous training (HICT) against the development of autoimmune neuroinflammation and the role of resident microglia.Methods: We used the transfer EAE model to examine the direct effects of training on the CNS. Healthy mice performed HICT by treadmill running, followed by injection of encephalitogenic proteolipid (PLP)-reactive T-cells to induce EAE. EAE severity was assessed clinically and pathologically. Brain microglia from sedentary (SED) and HICT healthy mice, as well as 5-days post EAE induction (before the onset of disease), were analyzedex vivofor reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) formation, mRNA expression of M1/M2 markers and neurotrophic factors, and secretion of cytokines and chemokines.Results: Transfer of encephalitogenic T-cells into HICT mice resulted in milder EAE, compared to sedentary mice, as indicated by reduced clinical severity, attenuated T-cell, and neurotoxic macrophage/microglial infiltration, and reduced loss of myelin and axons. In healthy mice, HICT reduced the number of resident microglia without affecting their profile. Isolated microglia from HICT mice after transfer of encephalitogenic T-cells exhibited reduced ROS formation and released less IL-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP) in response to PLP-stimulation.Conclusions: These findings point to the critical role of training intensity in neuroprotection. HICT protects the CNS against autoimmune neuroinflammation by reducing microglial-derived ROS formation, neurotoxicity, and pro-inflammatory responses involved in the propagation of autoimmune neuroinflammation.
Stigmasterol Simultaneously Induces Apoptosis and Protective Autophagy by Inhibiting Akt/mTOR Pathway in Gastric Cancer Cells
Authors: Zhao Huange , Zhang Xian , Wang Min , Lin Yingying , Zhou Songlin 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundStigmasterol (SS) has been proven to possess potential anticancer activities in several cancer cell lines, but its molecular mechanism is still unknown. Thus, we investigated whether SS has the capabilities of inducing autophagy and its molecular mechanisms in gastric cancer cells.MethodsWe used CCK8 assay, clone formation assay, and EdU proliferation assay to assess the effects of SS on cell proliferation in SGC-7901 and MGC-803 cells in vitro, and its inhibition on the tumor growth of gastric cancer was observed in vivo. Apoptosis induced by SS was demonstrated using Hoechst and TUNEL staining, annexin V-FITC/PI assay. Immunofluorescence staining is used to detect the formation of autophagosomes triggered by SS. Apoptosis and autophagy related proteins were analyzed by western blot.ResultsThe results indicated that SS treatment inhibited cell proliferation in SGC-7901 and MGC-803 cells. Furthermore, SS treatment induced apoptosis and autophagy by blocking Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. The pretreatment with the Akt inhibitor MK-2206 could promote apoptosis and autophagy induced by SS, predicting that Akt/mTOR pathway is involved in SS-induced apoptosis and autophagy. In addition, blockade of autophagy with 3-MA (an inhibitor of autophagy) enhanced SS-induced apoptosis in SGC-7901 and MGC-803 cells, implying that autophagy mediated by SS plays a cytoprotective role against apoptosis. Finally, an in vivo study demonstrated that tumor growth of gastric cancer was suppressed by SS in a xenograft model.ConclusionOur findings illustrate for the first time that SS simultaneously induces apoptosis and protective autophagy by inhibiting Akt/mTOR pathway in gastric cancer cells, and SS may become a potential anticancer drug in treating gastric cancer in the future.
The Predictive and Guidance Value of Signet Ring Cell Histology for Stage II/III Colon Cancer Response to Chemotherapy
Authors: Jiang Huici , Shao Dongxuan , Zhao Peiyu , Wu Yupeng 
Published: February 2021

PurposeTo evaluate the predictive and guidance value of signet-ring cell carcinoma for chemotherapy response in stage II/III colon cancer.MethodsEligible patients were recruited from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. The differences between adenocarcinoma (AD) and SRCC groups in the incidence of patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics were analyzed by Pearson’s chi-squared (×2) test. Survival was analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method, and the differences were determined by the log-rank test. Some Cox regression models were built to assess hazard ratios (HRs) of different variables with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).ResultsIn stage II AD, it was found that the receipt of chemotherapy had significantly 12.6% decreased risk of cancer-specific mortality (HR = 0.874, 95% CI = 0.825–0.927, P &lt; 0.001). In stage II SRCC, however, the receipt of chemotherapy had significantly 70.00% increased risk of cancer-specific mortality (HR = 1.700, 95% CI = 1.032–2.801, P = 0.037). In stage III AD, it was found that the receipt of chemotherapy had significantly 45.3% decreased risk of cancer-specific mortality (HR = 0.547, 95% CI = 0.530–0.564, P &lt; 0.001). In stage III SRCC, the receipt of chemotherapy had significantly 24.6% decreased risk of cancer-specific mortality (HR = 0.754, 95% CI = 0.632–0.900, P = 0.002).ConclusionsThe cancer-specific survival (CSS) difference between AD and SRCC was not statistically significant in stage II colon cancer. We provided the first compelling evidence that chemotherapy should not be treated in stage II SRCC, while stage III SRCC should be treated with chemotherapy.
A Bio-Psycho-Social Co-created Intervention for Young Adults With Multiple Sclerosis (ESPRIMO): Rationale and Study Protocol for a Feasibility Study
Authors: Donisi Valeria , Gajofatto Alberto , Mazzi Maria Angela , Gobbin Francesca , Busch Isolde Martina , Ghellere Annamaria , Klonova Alina , Rudi Doriana , Vitali Francesca , Schena Federico , Del Piccolo Lidia , Rimondini Michela 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundMultiple sclerosis (MS), the most common neurological disease that causes disability in youth, does not only affect physical functions but is also associated with cognitive impairment, fatigue, depression, and anxiety and can significantly impact health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Since MS is generally diagnosed at a young age—a period of great significance for personal, relational, and professional development—adaptation can become highly challenging. Therefore, enhancing the competence of young people to adaptively cope with these potential challenges is of utmost importance in order to promote their potentialities and talents. It has been shown that psychological interventions targeting MS patients can enhance resilience and HRQoL and that regular physical activity (PA) and social engagement can improve psychological well-being. However, literature on the development of global interventions based on the bio-psycho-social model of the disease is missing. Even less attention has been paid to interventions dedicated to young adults with MS (YawMS) and to the involvement of patients in the development of such programs.AimsIn collaboration with MS patients, this study aims to develop a bio-psycho-social intervention (ESPRIMO) for YawMS, aiming to improve their HRQoL and to explore its feasibility, acceptability, and effects.MethodsTo tailor the intervention to the specific needs of YawMS, “patient engagement principles” will be adopted in the co-creation phase, performing a web survey and focus groups with patients and healthcare professionals. In the intervention phase, a pilot sample of 60 young adults with MS will be enrolled. The co-created intervention, composed of group sessions over a 12-week period, will cover psycho-social strategies and include physical activities. Adopting a longitudinal, pre–post evaluation design, self-report questionnaires measuring HRQoL and other bio-psycho-social features (e.g., resilience, well-being, mindfulness traits, self-efficacy, perceived social support, psychological symptoms, illness perception, committed action, fatigue, attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, motivation, perception of autonomy support for PA, barriers and intentions to PA) will be administered, the quantity and quality of PA will be measured, and a questionnaire developed by the authors will be used to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of the ESPRIMO intervention.
Personal Recovery in People With a Psychotic Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Associated Factors
Authors: Leendertse J. C. P. , Wierdsma A. I. , van den Berg D. , Ruissen A. M. , Slade M. , Castelein S. , Mulder C. L. 
Published: February 2021

Background: Personal recovery (PR) is a subjective, multidimensional concept, and quantitative research using PR as an outcome is rapidly increasing. This systematic review is intended to support the design of interventions that contribute to PR in psychotic disorders, by providing an overview of associated factors and their weighted importance to PR: clinical factors, social factors, and socio-demographic characteristics are included, and factors related to the concept of PR (organized into CHIME dimensions).Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted from inception to March 2020. Quantitative studies that had used a validated questionnaire assessing the concept of PR were included. Mean effect sizes for the relationship between PR-scale total scores and related factors were calculated using meta-analyses. Sources of heterogeneity were examined using meta-regression tests.Results: Forty-six studies, that used (a total of) eight PR measures, showed that in clinical factors, affective symptoms had a medium negative association with PR-scale total scores (r = −0.44, 95%CI −0.50 to −0.37), while positive, negative and general symptoms had small negative correlations. No association was found with neuro-cognition. Social factors (support, work and housing, and functioning) showed small positive correlations. Gender and age differences had barely been researched. Large associations were found for PR-scale total scores with the CHIME dimensions hope (r = 0.56, 95%CI 0.48–0.63), meaning in life (r = 0.48, 95%CI 0.38–0.58) and empowerment (r = 0.53, 95%CI 0.42–0.63); while medium associations were found with connectedness (r = 0.34, 95%CI 0.43–0.65) and identity (r = 0.43, 95%CI 0.35–0.50). Levels of heterogeneity were high, sources included: the variety of PR measures, variations in sample characteristics, publication bias, variations in outcome measures, and cultural differences.Discussion: Most interventions in mental healthcare aim to reduce symptoms and improve functioning. With regard to stimulating PR, these interventions may benefit from also focusing on enhancing hope, empowerment, and meaning in life. The strength of these findings is limited by the challenges of comparing separate CHIME dimensions with questionnaires assessing the concept of PR, and by the high levels of heterogeneity observed. Future research should focus on the interaction between elements of PR and clinical and social factors over time.
Secondary Outcomes of Implemented Depression Prevention in Adolescents: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: de Jonge-Heesen Karlijn W. J. , Rasing Sanne P. A. , Vermulst Ad A. , Scholte Ron H. J. , van Ettekoven Kim M. , Engels Rutger C. M. E. , Creemers Daan H. M. 
Published: February 2021

Our most recent RCT provides evidence that indicated depression prevention is effective in reducing depressive symptoms in adolescents when implemented in the school community. In the present study we further test the potential effects of this prevention approach on symptoms related to depression: anxiety, suicidality, somatic symptoms, and perfectionism. We conducted exploratory analyses in 130 adolescents with elevated depressive symptoms aged between 12 and 16 years old (M= 13.59;SD= 0.68; 63.8% girls) who were randomly assigned to the experimental (OVK 2.0) or active control condition (psycho-education). Self-reported anxiety, suicidality, somatic symptoms, and perfectionism were assessed at pretest, post intervention, as well as 6- and 12-months follow-up. Latent growth curve analyses revealed that there was a significant decrease in anxiety in both conditions and that this decrease was significantly larger in the intervention condition than in the control condition. Somatic symptoms and socially prescribed perfectionism decreased significantly in the intervention condition and suicidality decreased significantly in the control condition. Yet there was no difference in decrease in suicidality, somatic symptoms, and perfectionism between the two conditions. This study suggest that screening on depressive symptoms and providing a CBT depression prevention program for adolescents with elevated depressive symptoms, can decrease comorbid symptoms of anxiety and therefore ensure better outcomes. We discuss the clinical implications as well suggestions for future research.Clinical Trial Registration:The study is registered in the Dutch Trial Register for RCTs (NTR5725). Date registered: 11th of March 2016.
Design and Fabrication of Fixed Bed Reactor
Authors: K.P Shankar , G Mouli , R Muthukumar , D Poovarasan , M Prakash 
Published: February 2021

There are many bio waste available in our day to day life , instead of dumping them, we can make use of that waste matter by extracting oil from such bio wastes by using a setup called “fixed bed reactor” so many research has been made in past on this fixed bed reactor, in which we are conducting experiments on different bio wastes and going to extract oil on that corresponding wastes(dry seeds) with a heating element of 0 to 300?C, here we changed the cooling system and in that oil will be collected from the overflow of the condenser bath.
Integrated Dual Output Converter with Low Electric Stress on Components
Authors: R Priyanka , R Shanmugalakshmi 
Published: February 2021

In recent days there is a vast development in the field of power electronic converters. Necessity of multiple level of voltage demand is raised for single supply system. To meet different level of load demand single input and multiple output topologies (SIMO) are created. There are many such converters fall under SIMO converters. The Integrated Dual Output Converter (IDOC) is one among them. The IDOC is a DC-DC converter that performs boost and buck operations simultaneously with a single input. It is basically evolved from boost converter, replacing a single switch by couple of switches. Both the switches are connected in series not only to perform both buck and boost operation but also to provide continuous input current. Main advantage of IDOC over conventional boost and buck converter is the reduced number of switches. Comparisons among another six buck-boost converters and the proposed IDOC converter are presented. It is found that the proposed converter’s voltage gain is smaller than the other converters’ in step-down mode. Also, based upon the comparisons among the same kind and same number of components, the voltage and current stresses on the power switch of the proposed IDOC converter are less than or equal to those of the comparative converters, and the voltage stress on the charge pump capacitor and the switching device power rating of the proposed IDOC converter are always lower than those of other comparative converters. These advantages make component selection for the proposed converter much easier, and it can be used for industrial application. In order to check the behavior of the converter simulation is carried out in a MATLAB/SIMULINK. The simulation results validated the operation of the converter.
Structural Health Monitoring Using Iot
Authors: M.P Sureshkumar , G. Vennila 
Published: February 2021

In construction industry maintenance should be given utmost importance and focus. For continuous monitoring of maintenance Internet of Things (IoT) can be used. IoT can be used to monitor the structure from anywhere. Structural health monitoring using IoT is the latest technique employed all over the world, especially the buildings exposed to harsh environments. Sensors were used to collect the data from the structure from which we can identify the deterioration and the method to rectify. Cloud computing technique was also employed. A simple signal processing technique helps us to interact with buildings, which was the blessing of IoT. This paper presents the state of art survey about current research and implementations put into practice.
Accident Analysis and Safety Measures at Erode City
Authors: G Poovizhi , S Dhinu priya , D Ambika , S Manoj , V Gowrishankar 
Published: February 2021

Indian roads have a sizeable amount of accidents happening in them. The transportation problems faced by various nations across the world have increased manifold, necessitating search for methods or alternatives that ensure efficient, safe, feasible and faster means of transport. Government of India is taking many efforts to minimize the road accidents. Amongst all traffic accident, road traffic accident bears largest number of human life and tends to be most serious problem world over. Road accidents are largely predictable and preventable, provided rational analysis and counter measures. The number of accidents in India is increasing rapidly every year due to addition of more number of vehicles on the streets. This project is to look for few accidental prone spots in our locality and analyze the causes of accidents and try to provide viable solutions for improving the safety in the accidental zones. In this study, the accident zones were taken and a particular spot was selected and suitable measures to control the accidents were suggested.
Smart Water Quality Evaluation System
Authors: S Arun prakash , M Gokul Divya , N.R Bharath kumar , K Poomani 
Published: February 2021

In today’s world, Internet of Things (IoT) and Remote Sensing (RS) techniques are vastly implemented in various sectors of research for analysis and monitoring of data from remote locations. As a result of the tremendous increase in global industrialisation and its output, rural to urban drift and the extended usage of land and water resources, the quality of water reaching people has been greatly decreased. In addition to this, the extended fertilizer usage, especially chemical fertilizers in farms and also in other chemical sectors such as mining and construction have led to the overall deterioration of the quality of water all around the world. Humans need water for their survival and therefore a high level water quality system which quality checks the water that is supplied to towns and cities is essential it should also be able to work the water in the rivers, ponds etc. All the water sources should be enabled with this facility. Quality water availability plays a paramount role in preventing major disease out breaks and improves the overall quality of life. In this paper we present a design and development of a low cost water management system for real time monitoring of the water quality using IOT(internet of things). Several sensors are implemented in this project for measuring various physical and chemical parameters of the water. The parameters such as temperature, PH, turbidity, flow of the water can be measured. The measured values from the sensors can be processed by the core controller. The Arduino model can be used as the core micro controller. Finally, the sensor data is received and stored in the cloud and in case of any changes in the quality of the water, the system will intimate the organization via GSM module.
Quantitative Morphological Changes of the Choroidal Vasculature in Normal Aged and Diseased Human Donor eyes
Authors: Kanduri Swathi 
Published: February 2021

Introduction: To analyze whether the choriocapillaries undergo degenerative changes with age and disease. Corrosion casts of choroidal vessels in human donors were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to understand the vasculature changes with age.Method: The patterns of blood vessels, vortex veins, ciliary arteries placements, capillaries placement from centre to periphery in different quadrants and regions of choroid were evaluated in twenty donor normal tissues aged from 20-90 years. Nine donors had diabetic donor tissues were evaluated in which different quadrants with laser marks and loss of blood vessels were quantified along with, six donors with signs of age-related macular degeneration were evaluated using a light stereoscopic dissection microscope. Six human donors were investigated by SEM of which two tissues were normal, two had diabetic retinopathy and two presented with age related macular degeneration changes.
Result: The quantitative evaluation revealed that in normal to diseased there is a decrease of the blood vessel density in comparison to the total area of the choroid. There was also slight decrease from to centre to periphery in the % area of the blood vessel placement. Morphological identification noted was a greater number of vortex veins were noted in inferior end than the superior end. There was prominent loss of blood vessel bed was noted beneath the lasered areas in diabetic retinopathy tissues.
Conclusion: Loss of % area of blood vessel density was directly correlating with the progression of age and in diabetic retinopathy diseased tissues we noted prominent loss of blood vessels underneath the laser treated areas. In age related macular degeneration, loss of blood vessels was prominent in different quadrants with age too.