bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validity and reliability of the EULAR instrument RAID.7 as a tool to assess individual domains of impact of disease in rheumatoid arthritis: a cross-sectional study of 671 patients
Authors: Duarte Catia , Santos Eduardo José Ferreira , Ferreira Ricardo J O , Kvien Tore K , Dougados Maxime , de Wit Maarten , da Silva Jose Antonio Pereira , Gossec Laure 
Published: February 2021

ObjectiveThe rheumatoid arthritis impact of disease (RAID) questionnaire comprises seven patient-important domains of disease impact (pain, function, fatigue, sleep disturbance, emotional well-being, physical well-being, coping). RAID was validated as a pooled-weighted score. Its seven individual items separately could provide a valuable tool in clinical practice to guide interventions targeting the patient’s experience of the disease. The aim was to separately assess the psychometric properties of each of the seven numeric rating scale (NRS) of the RAID (RAID.7).Material and methodsPost hoc analyses of data from the cross-sectional RAID study and from the Rainbow study, an open-label 12-week trial of etanercept in patients with RA. Construct validity of each NRS was assessed cross-sectionally in the RAID data set by Spearman’s correlation with the respective external instrument of reference. Using the rainbow data set, we assessed reliability through intraclass correlation coefficient between the screening and the baseline visits and responsiveness (sensitivity to change) by standardised response mean between baseline and 12 weeks.ResultsA total of 671 patients with RA with features of established disease were analysed, 563 and 108 from RAID and Rainbow, respectively. The NRS correlated moderately to strongly with the respective external instrument of reference (r=0.62–0.81). Reliability ranged from 0.64 (0.51–0.74) (pain) to 0.83 (0.76–0.88) (sleep disturbance) and responsiveness from 0.93 (0.73–1.13) (sleep disturbance) to 1.34 (1.01–1.64) (pain).ConclusionThe separate use of the individual NRS of RAID (RAID.7) is valid, feasible, reliable and sensitive to change, representing an opportunity to improve the assessment and treatment of disease impact with minimal questionnaire burden.Trial registration numberNCT00768053.
Recurrent TB: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the incidence rates and the proportions of relapses and reinfections
Authors: Vega Victor , Rodríguez Sharon , Van der Stuyft Patrick , Seas Carlos , Otero Larissa 
Published: February 2021

Background
A recurrent tuberculosis (TB) episode results from exogenous reinfection or relapse after cure. The use of genotyping allows the distinction between both.

Methods
We did a systematic review and meta-analysis, using four databases to search for studies in English, French and Spanish published between 1 January 1980 and 30 September 2020 that assessed recurrences after TB treatment success and/or differentiated relapses from reinfections using genotyping. We calculated person years of follow-up and performed random-effects model meta-analysis for estimating pooled recurrent TB incidence rates and proportions of relapses and reinfections. We performed subgroup analyses by clinical–epidemiological factors and by methodological study characteristics.

Findings

The pooled recurrent TB incidence rate was 2.26 per 100 person years at risk (95% CI 1.87 to 2.73; 145 studies). Heterogeneity was high (I
2
=98%). Stratified pooled recurrence rates increased from 1.47 (95% CI 0.87 to 2.46) to 4.10 (95% CI 2.67 to 6.28) per 100 person years for studies conducted in low versus high TB incidence settings. Background HIV prevalence, treatment drug regimen, sample size and duration of follow-up contributed too. The pooled proportion of relapses was 70% (95% CI 63% to 77%; I²=85%; 48 studies). Heterogeneity was determined by background TB incidence, as demonstrated by pooled proportions of 83% (95% CI 75% to 89%) versus 59% (95% CI 42% to 74%) relapse for studies from settings with low versus high TB incidence, respectively.

Interpretation
The risk of recurrent TB is substantial and relapse is consistently the most frequent form of recurrence. Notwithstanding, with increasing background TB incidence the proportion of reinfections increases and the predominance of relapses among recurrences decreases.

PROSPERO registration number
CRD42018077867
Spectrum of theq-Schrödinger equation by means of the variational method based on the discreteq-Hermite I polynomials
Authors: Turan Mehmet , Adıgüzel Rezan Sevinik , Çalışır Ayşe Doğan 
Published: February 2021

In this work, the [Formula: see text]-Schrödinger equations with symmetric polynomial potentials are considered. The spectrum of the model is obtained for several values of [Formula: see text], and the limiting case as [Formula: see text] is considered. The Rayleigh–Ritz variational method is adopted to the system. The discrete [Formula: see text]-Hermite I polynomials are handled as basis in this method. Furthermore, the following potentials with numerous results are presented as applications: [Formula: see text]-harmonic, purely [Formula: see text]-quartic and [Formula: see text]-quartic oscillators. It is also shown that the obtained results confirm the ones that exist in the literature for the continuous case.
A note on the degree conjecture for separability of multipartite quantum states
Authors: Wang Zhen , Zhao Ming-Jing , Wang Zhi-Xi 
Published: February 2021

The degree conjecture for bipartite quantum states which are normalized graph Laplacians was first put forward by Braunstein et al. [Phys. Rev. A 73 (2006) 012320]. The degree criterion, which is equivalent to PPT criterion, is simpler and more efficient to detect the separability of quantum states associated with graphs. Hassan et al. settled the degree conjecture for the separability of multipartite quantum states in [J. Math. Phys. 49 (2008) 0121105]. It is proved that the conjecture is true for pure multipartite quantum states. However, the degree condition is only necessary for separability of a class of quantum mixed states. It does not apply to all mixed states. In this paper, we show that the degree conjecture holds for the mixed quantum states of nearest point graph. As a byproduct, the degree criterion is necessary and sufficient for multipartite separability of [Formula: see text]-qubit quantum states associated with graphs.
Ablation Versus Drug Therapy for Atrial Fibrillation in Heart Failure
Authors: Packer Douglas L. , Piccini Jonathan P. , Monahan Kristi H. , Al-Khalidi Hussein R. , Silverstein Adam P. , Noseworthy Peter A. , Poole Jeanne E. , Bahnson Tristram D. , Lee Kerry L. , Mark Daniel B. ,   For the CABANA Investigators
Published: February 2021

Background:
In patients with heart failure and atrial fibrillation (AF), several clinical trials have reported improved outcomes, including freedom from AF recurrence, quality of life, and survival, with catheter ablation. This article describes the treatment-related outcomes of the AF patients with heart failure enrolled in the CABANA trial (Catheter Ablation Versus Antiarrhythmic Drug Therapy for Atrial Fibrillation).

Methods:
The CABANA trial randomized 2204 patients with AF who were ≥65 years old or <65 years old with ≥1 risk factor for stroke at 126 sites to ablation with pulmonary vein isolation or drug therapy including rate or rhythm control drugs. Of these, 778 (35%) had New York Heart Association class >II at baseline and form the subject of this article. The CABANA trial’s primary end point was a composite of death, disabling stroke, serious bleeding, or cardiac arrest.

Results:
Of the 778 patients with heart failure enrolled in CABANA, 378 were assigned to ablation and 400 to drug therapy. Ejection fraction at baseline was available for 571 patients (73.0%), and 9.3% of these had an ejection fraction <40%, whereas 11.7% had ejection fractions between 40% and 50%. In the intention-to-treat analysis, the ablation arm had a 36% relative reduction in the primary composite end point (hazard ratio, 0.64 [95% CI, 0.41–0.99]) and a 43% relative reduction in all-cause mortality (hazard ratio, 0.57 [95% CI, 0.33–0.96]) compared with drug therapy alone over a median follow-up of 48.5 months. AF recurrence was decreased with ablation (hazard ratio, 0.56 [95% CI, 0.42–0.74]). The adjusted mean difference for the AFEQT (Atrial Fibrillation Effect on Quality of Life) summary score averaged over the entire 60-month follow-up was 5.0 points, favoring the ablation arm (95% CI, 2.5–7.4 points), and the MAFSI (Mayo Atrial Fibrillation-Specific Symptom Inventory) frequency score difference was –2.0 points, favoring ablation (95% CI, –2.9 to –1.2).

Conclusions:
In patients with AF enrolled in the CABANA trial who had clinically diagnosed stable heart failure at trial entry, catheter ablation produced clinically important improvements in survival, freedom from AF recurrence, and quality of life relative to drug therapy. These results, obtained in a cohort most of whom had preserved left ventricular function, require independent trial verification.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00911508
; Unique identifier: NCT0091150.
A Frontal Account of False Alarms
Authors: Festini Sara B. , Katz Benjamin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPrior research has demonstrated that the frontal lobes play a critical role in the top–down control of behavior, and damage to the frontal cortex impairs performance on tasks that require executive control [Burgess, P. W., & Stuss, D. T. Fifty years of prefrontal cortex research: Impact on assessment. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 23, 755–767, 2017; Stuss, D. T., & Levine, B. Adult clinical neuropsychology: Lessons from studies of the frontal lobes. Annual Review of Psychology, 53, 401–433, 2002]. Across executive functioning tasks, performance deficits are often quantified as the number of false alarms per total number of nontarget trials. However, most studies of frontal lobe function focus on individual task performance and do not discuss commonalities of errors committed across different tasks. Here, we describe a neurocognitive account that explores the link between deficient frontal lobe function and increased false alarms across an array of experimental tasks from a variety of task domains. We review evidence for heightened false alarms following frontal deficits in episodic long-term memory tests, working memory tasks (e.g., n-back), attentional tasks (e.g., continuous performance tasks), interference control tasks (e.g., recent probes), and inhibitory control tasks (e.g., go/no-go). We examine this relationship via neuroimaging studies, lesion studies, and across age groups and pathologies that impact the pFC, and we propose 11 issues in cognitive processing that can result in false alarms. In our review, some overlapping neural regions were implicated in the regulation of false alarms. Ultimately, however, we find evidence for the fractionation and localization of certain frontal processes related to the commission of specific types of false alarms. We outline avenues for additional research that will enable further delineation of the fractionation of the frontal lobes' regulation of false alarms.
Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal Axis Activity in Childhood Predicts Emotional Memory Effects and Related Neural Circuitry in Adolescent Girls
Authors: Shields Grant S. , Hostinar Camelia E. , Vilgis Veronika , Forbes Erika E. , Hipwell Alison E. , Keenan Kate , Guyer Amanda E. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Negative emotional experiences can be more difficult to forget than neutral ones, a phenomenon termed the “emotional memory effect.” Individual differences in the strength of the emotional memory effect are associated with emotional health. Thus, understanding the neurobiological underpinnings of the emotional memory effect has important implications, especially for individuals at risk for emotional health problems. Although the neural basis of emotional memory effects has been relatively well defined, less is known about how hormonal factors that can modulate emotional memory, such as glucocorticoids, relate to that neural basis. Importantly, probing the role of glucocorticoids in the stress- and emotion-sensitive period of late childhood to adolescence could provide actionable points of intervention. We addressed this gap by testing whether hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis activity during a parent–child conflict task at 11 years of age predicted emotional memory and its primary neural circuitry (i.e., amygdala–hippocampus functional connectivity) at 16 years of age in a longitudinal study of 147 girls (104 with complete data). Results showed that lower HPA axis activity predicted stronger emotional memory effects, r(124) = −.236, p &lt; .01, and higher emotional memory-related functional connectivity between the right hippocampus and the right amygdala, β = −.385, p &lt; .001. These findings suggest that late childhood HPA axis activity may modulate the neural circuitry of emotional memory effects in adolescence, which may confer a potential risk trajectory for emotional health among girls.
Coordination of Pupil and Saccade Responses by the Superior Colliculus
Authors: Wang Chin-An , Munoz Douglas P. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The appearance of a salient stimulus evokes saccadic eye movements and pupil dilation as part of the orienting response. Although the role of the superior colliculus (SC) in saccade and pupil dilation has been established separately, whether and how these responses are coordinated remains unknown. The SC also receives global luminance signals from the retina, but whether global luminance modulates saccade and pupil responses coordinated by the SC remains unknown. Here, we used microstimulation to causally determine how the SC coordinates saccade and pupil responses and whether global luminance modulates these responses by varying stimulation frequency and global luminance in male monkeys. Stimulation frequency modulated saccade and pupil responses, with trial-by-trial correlations between the two responses. Global luminance only modulated pupil, but not saccade, responses. Our results demonstrate an integrated role of the SC on coordinating saccade and pupil responses, characterizing luminance independent modulation in the SC, together elucidating the differentiated pathways underlying this behavior.
The Effects of Food-Simulating Liquids on Surface Roughness, Surface Hardness, and Solubility of Bulk-Fill Composites
Authors: Cabadag˘ Özge Gizem , Gönülol Nihan 
Published: February 2021

Aim: To investigate the surface roughness, surface hardness, and solubility of bulk-fill composites after exposure to food-simulating liquids (FSLs). Materials and Methods: A total of 200 disc-shaped samples (8 mm diameter × 4 mm depth) were prepared using four bulk-fill composites (SonicFillTM, Tetric® EvoCeram Bulk Fill, Beautifil-Bulk Restorative, FiltekTM Bulk Fill Posterior Restorative) and a microhybrid composite (FiltekTM Z250) ( n = 40). Following the measurement of initial weights of the samples ( m1), the surface roughness measurements were gauged using a contact-profilometer. The samples were stored in four different FSLs for 7 days, and then the second surface roughness values were recorded. The samples were stored in a desiccator to reach the constant mass and the values were recorded as m2, then the solubility levels were calculated. The Vickers microhardness values of the samples were determined. A total of 20 specimens were evaluated in terms of surface morphology with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Data were statistically analyzed with the two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni tests ( P < .05). Results: Beautifil-Bulk Restorative was affected at most in terms of surface roughness after storage in FSLs and citric acid caused the highest values in this group ( P < .005). Beautifil-Bulk Restorative and Filtek Z250 showed the highest surface hardness values, while the Tetric EvoCeram group had the lowest. The highest solubility values were found in Beautifil-Bulk Restorative, and citric acid and ethanol yielded the highest solubility values for all of the composites. Conclusion: Beautifil-Bulk Restorative is the most affected group in all parameters evaluated and also affected overly by citric acid among the FSLs in consequence of its prereacted glass ionomer fillers.
A 10-Years Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Among HIV-Positive Individuals Using BMI-Based Framingham Risk Score in Indonesia
Authors: Lindayani Linlin , purnama Heni , Nurhayati Nunung , Sudrajat Diwa Agus , Taryudi Taryudi 
Published: February 2021

Introduction Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the primary cause of death in HIV patients. The number of HIV patients suffering from cardiovascular disease is almost twice as high as that of patients who are not HIV-positive. Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate risk of cardiovascular disease among HIV-positive persons. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study with HIV positive individuals at public health center and non-AIDS govermental organization. We enrolled people diagnosed with HIV, age over 30 years old, and on CVD medications. We collected data of demographic, anthropometric and clinical information, smoking history, and non-fasting cholesterol and blood glucose. Estimation of 10-years CVD risk was calculated using the BMI-based Framingham Risk Score. Results Of 150 participants enrolled, 66.7% were male and mean age was 38.09 (SD = 7.99) years. The mean current CD4 counts was 493.3 (SD = 139.8) cells/mm3. Female were younger, had a shorter duration living with HIV and a shorted duration of receiving ART than males. About 8.7% of respondents had a high risk of developing a CVD event in the next 10 years, and higher among females than males. The most common CVD risk factors were smoking, high blood pressure, and hypercholestrolemia. Conclusion Our study demonstrates that HIV positive persons who are at risk for developing CVD in the next 10-years. There is an increasing need for educational programs on CVD prevention for the HIV-positive person and to further facilitate the identification of persons at elevated risk in routine practice.
Highly-Sensitive DNA Hydroxymethylation Analysis in Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)
Authors: Li Jia , Wei Yue , Lee Minjung , Yang Hui , Class Caleb , Siwko Stefan , Zhou Yubin , Sun Deqiang , Garcia-Manero Guillermo , Huang Yun 
Published: February 2021

Aberrant DNA hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) levels have been reported in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). The dysregulation of 5hmC is not only observed in patients with TET2 mutations, but also those bearing other genetic defects, suggesting that 5hmC might act as a valuable epigenetic mark to reflect the status of MDS. We report herein a highly-sensitive 5hmC analysis method using low input DNA (10 ng), which was used to obtain a comprehensive atlas of the DNA hydroxymethylome in MDS patients. Our systematic bioinformatic analysis unveiled that 5hmC signatures could be used to separate patients with good and poor clinical outcomes. At the molecular level, we observed dynamic changes of 5hmC within several key transcription factor binding motifs that are essential for hematopoiesis and myeloid lineage specification, which might result in impaired transcriptional outputs during leukemogenesis. Interestingly, we also observed massive changes in 5hmC and transcriptomes in patient showing response to hypomethylating agent (HMA) treatment, suggesting the prognostic value of 5hmC in evaluating epigenetic therapy. Overall, our highly-sensitive 5hmC analysis method provides a useful means to potentially facilitate the clinical evaluation of MDS patients.

Disclosures
Garcia-Manero: AbbVie: Honoraria, Research Funding; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Onconova: Research Funding; Amphivena Therapeutics: Research Funding; Astex Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Merck: Research Funding; Genentech: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding; Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy; Acceleron Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy, Honoraria; H3 Biomedicine: Research Funding; Helsinn Therapeutics: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Research Funding.
Potent Interaction between CMV Reactivation and Gvhd: Immunologic Evidence for Blunting of CMV-Driven Immune Reconstitution in the Setting of Gvhd
Authors: Suessmuth Yvonne , Betz Kayla , Yu Alison , Bratrude Brandi , Watkins Benjamin , Qayed Muna , Horan John T. , Kean Leslie , Langston Amelia 
Published: February 2021

Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) may be curative for patients with marrow and immune disorders, but graft-vs-host-disease (aGVHD) and infections cause significant morbidity and non-relapse mortality. We have conducted a multicenter, double blind, placebo-controlled phase II trial of costimulation blockade with abatacept (Aba) combined with standard GVHD prophylaxis with a calcineurin inhibitor and methotrexate (CNI + MTX) following HLA matched unrelated donor transplant (n=142).
In order to assess the effects of Aba on immune reconstitution, and to assess whether this reconstitution is influenced during CMV reactivation, we longitudinally evaluated post-transplant whole blood samples with multiparameter flow cytometry using markers for CD3, CD4, CD8, CD197 and CD45RA to measure reconstitution of CD4 and CD8 T cell populations and their respective memory subsets over time.
Results: We observe that post-transplant CMV reactivation induces a marked expansion of CD8 effector memory (EM) cells, which is similar in magnitude for Aba vs placebo patients. We found that development of moderate (gr 2-4) or severe (gr 3-4) GVHD was not associated with an increased frequency of CMV reactivation, but patients with moderate GVHD showed a blunted expansion of CD8 EM cells compared to those without GVHD, and CD8 EM expansion was essentially absent among CMV reactivating patients with severe aGVHD. Clinical correlates will be presented.
Conclusions: Our results suggest that adding abatacept to CNI/MTX does not materially affect reconstitution of T cell immunity in the presence or absence of CMV reactivation, but aGVHD remains a major driver of compromised immune recovery after HCT.

Disclosures
Watkins: Bristol Myers Squibb: Research Funding. Qayed:Mesoblast: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy. Horan:Bristol Myers Squib: Honoraria, Research Funding. Kean:gilead: Research Funding; bluebird bio: Research Funding; fortyseven: Consultancy; magenta: Research Funding; regeneron: Research Funding; hifibio: Consultancy; kymab: Consultancy; Bristol Meyers Squibb: Research Funding; novartis: Consultancy. Langston:Kadmon Corporation: Research Funding; Bristol Myers Squib: Research Funding; Incyte: Research Funding; Chimerix: Research Funding; Takeda: Research Funding; Astellas Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding; Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding.