bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of a protein‐restricted diet on body weight and serum tyrosine concentrations in patients with alkaptonuria
Authors: Olsson Birgitta , Ranganath Lakshminarayan , Arnoux Jean‐Baptiste , Imrich Richard , Milan Anna , Rudebeck Mattias 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn an open‐label, controlled study of nitisinone in alkaptonuria (SONIA 2), patients were advised to lower dietary protein intake to reduce serum tyrosine (s‐Tyr) levels and the risk of keratopathy. A body weight increase was observed in the nitisinone‐treated patients but not in the control group. To investigate the effectiveness and consequence of protein restriction in patients with alkaptonuria, a post‐hoc analysis of SONIA 2 was performed. One hundred and thirty‐eight patients were randomised (nitisinone: n = 69, controls: n = 69). Comparison of baseline and Month 12 data on 24‐h urinary excretion of HGA (u‐HGA24) and urea (u‐urea24, used as an approximate protein intake measure), tyrosine and body weight were performed using paired t tests. Comparisons of data between groups were made using 2‐sample t tests. We found that u‐urea24 decreased more in nitisinone‐treated than controls. The study centre with lowest average s‐Tyr and u‐urea24 (nitisinone arm) at Month 12 also had lowest keratopathy incidence (3.1%), while the centre with highest values showed the highest (14.6%). S‐Tyr was generally high in those with keratopathy, but those without keratopathy had similar elevated values. A similar pattern across centres was seen for body weight changes, with a statistically significant weight increase in nitisinone‐treated patients at centres with lower u‐urea24 values. Therefore, in nitisinone‐treated patients, protein restriction led to increased body weight but may also have lowered the risk of developing keratopathies. If introduced, a protein‐restricted diet should be supervised by a dietician and, when appropriate, include amino acid supplements deficient in tyrosine and phenylalanine, to avoid malnutrition and undesired weight increase.
Changing predominant SARS‐CoV‐2 lineages drives successive COVID‐19 waves in Malaysia, February 2020 to March 2021
Authors: Sam I‐Ching , Chong Yoong Min , Abdullah Azwani , Fu Jolene Yin Ling , Hasan M. Shahnaz , Jamaluddin Fadhil Hadi , Kamarulzaman Adeeba , Lim Koo Koon , Mohd Nor Mohd Afiq , Pang Yong Kek , Ponnampalavanar Sasheela , Shahib Muhammad Fadzil , Syed Omar Sharifah Faridah , Chan Jonathan Chia Jui , Perera David , Chan Yoke Fun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMalaysia has experienced three waves of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) as of March 31, 2021. We studied the associated molecular epidemiology and SARS‐CoV‐2 seroprevalence during the third wave. We obtained 60 whole‐genome SARS‐CoV‐2 sequences between October 2020 and January 2021 in Kuala Lumpur/Selangor and analyzed 989 available Malaysian sequences. We tested 653 residual serum samples collected between December 2020 to April 2021 for anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 total antibodies, as a proxy for population immunity. The first wave (January 2020) comprised sporadic imported cases from China of early Pango lineages A and B. The second wave (March–June 2020) was associated with lineage B.6. The ongoing third wave (from September 2020) was propagated by a state election in Sabah. It is due to lineage B.1.524 viruses containing spike mutations D614G and A701V. Lineages B.1.459, B.1.470, and B.1.466.2 were likely imported from the region and confined to Sarawak state. Direct age‐standardized seroprevalence in Kuala Lumpur/Selangor was 3.0%. The second and third waves were driven by super‐spreading events and different circulating lineages. Malaysia is highly susceptible to further waves, especially as alpha (B.1.1.7) and beta (B.1.351) variants of concern were first detected in December 2020/January 2021. Increased genomic surveillance is critical.
At the mercy of the winds: The seasonal dynamics of floating and stranded seaweeds at mid‐latitudes
Authors: Rothäusler Eva , Hinojosa Iván A. , Moraga Julio , Pizarro‐Koch Matias , Ramos Marcel , Thiel Martin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMany seaweed species are particularly important for passive marine dispersal, yet relatively little is known about their floating and stranding dynamics. Here, we studied these dynamics for two kelp species over four consecutive years at mid‐latitudes (30°S). Floating kelps were found during all seasons, but Macrocystis pyrifera was always more abundant than Durvillaea incurvata. Highest floating biomasses were reached during summer and fall, whereas considerable stranded biomasses on nearby shores were only observed during summer. The proportion of fragments among the floating kelps was high throughout the entire study period and highest for M. pyrifera during summer. At the same time, blades of M. pyrifera that floated in nearshore waters in summer had a high blade index and thus were intact (i.e., not yet compromised by unfavorable environmental conditions). These results suggest that during summer, floating kelps become quickly resupplied from benthic sources, which compensates their frequent losses due to degradation and stranding. During fall, biomasses of floating kelps remain high because of reduced losses. Interestingly, increased wind speed was a good predictor for the biomass accumulations of the two kelp species, although the floating biomass of M. pyrifera was additionally influenced by oceanographic fronts. Our findings suggest that at mid‐latitudes the dynamics of floating seaweed stocks are dependent on the availability of benthic source populations (continuous throughout the year) and export due to degradation (high in summer/fall) and stranding (high in summer).
Influence of satiation on consumer behavior in hospitality
Authors: Becerril‐Castrillejo Ismael , Muñoz‐Gallego Pablo Antonio 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study aims to contrast the nonlinear moderating effect of satiation—an emotional variable with proven influence over different consumer behaviors—on consumers' willingness to pay (WTP). With a longitudinal survey, the authors measured WTP across two stays for the same type and category of tourist accommodation. The results indicate that satiation exerts a U‐shaped moderating effect on the relationship between WTP across two repeat purchases of hedonic use service. Further, satiated customers are willing to pay up to 11.2% less than their previous stay, which contributes to satiation, hospitality, and hotel pricing literature.
Mainstreaming the Environment: Exploring pathways and narratives to improve policy and decision‐making
Authors: Scott Alister , Holtby Rachel , East Holly , Lannin Aisling 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMainstreaming is an interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary endeavour of normalising an idea from one policy domain into the decision‐making and routine activities of other policy domains necessary for effective delivery over the long term.The desire to mainstream springs from an increasing acceptance of the need for interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary approaches to tackle key societal challenges such as climate change and biodiversity decline. Here, traditional policy and disciplinary silos are broken down to pursue and deliver more holistic interventions.This paper offers an additionality perspective to mainstreaming based on four questions. What is mainstreaming and what additionality does it offer for environmental policy and practice? What theoretical insights emerge from the mainstreaming and associated literatures? How can mainstreaming processes and outcomes be conceptualised and assessed? How can we improve future environmental mainstreaming pathways?Building from literatures focussed on mainstreaming and policy integration, we construct a framework and supporting narrative focussing on the lifecycle dynamics of mainstreaming pathways; a significant research gap. Their nonlinear progress is captured using theoretical adaptations of diffusion of innovation and sustainability, moving from initial innovation through to persuasion and to acceptance pathways, with progress dependent on the interplay and impacts of hooks and barriers and the degree of collaboration and system change pursued.Our narrative is further illuminated using natural capital and ecosystem services which reveal that while some progress has been made primarily through weaker mainstreaming pathways, current efforts are still focussed on ‘persuading’ stakeholders of the environment's value, rather than on initial framing and governance arrangements to maximise future impact.We conclude that the framing and development of natural capital and ecosystem services primarily in the environment and economic sectors has limited mainstreaming activity to wider audiences due to the lack of interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary approaches being pursued from the outset, including a more publicly and professionally accessible vocabulary and collaborative governance and decision‐making structures.We contend that our lifecycle narrative, with a focus on multiple pathways, hooks, barriers and collaboration makes a useful contribution to understanding mainstreaming dynamics and characteristics from which improved interventions can be developed.
Redefining climate change maladaptation using a values‐based approach in forests
Authors: Findlater Kieran , Hagerman Shannon , Kozak Robert , Gukova Veronika 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Climate change adaptation can have unexpected and detrimental effects, typically conceptualized as maladaptation and narrowly defined in relation to climatic hazards and climate vulnerability. We revisit this narrow framing of maladaptation using a deliberative risk analysis method in 16 focus groups across British Columbia, Canada, where forests are crucial to social, economic and environmental well‐being.

By analysing emergent logics of support and opposition around genomics‐based assisted migration as an adaptation strategy in forests, we identify four sources of potential maladaptation in this context: technical failure, opportunity cost, path dependence and the too‐narrow framing of adaptation.

Combined, these suggest that maladaptation is also too narrowly conceptualized, reflecting an obsolete definition of adaptation as rational adjustment to climatic hazards. Rather than being a failure of adaptation, per se, we argue that maladaptation comprises climate‐adaptive policies or actions that, in a broader frame, threaten the very values that decision‐makers ostensibly seek to protect and enhance.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Evaluation of the inhibition effect of novel cyclohepta[b]pyridine derivatives for copper corrosion and theoretical calculations
Authors: Fathi Ahlam M. , Anouar El Hassane , Soliman Hanan A. , Shamroukh Ahmed H. , Kotb Eman R. , Hegab Mohamed I. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe inhibiting effect of three prepared derivatives of 4‐(4‐Hydroxy‐3‐methoxyphenyl)‐6,7,8,9‐tetrahydro‐5H‐cyclohepta[b]pyridine on the corrosion of copper in 0.6 M NaCl (3.5%) were investigated by different electrochemical techniques and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The electrochemical results indicated that the inhibition efficiency increased with the increase of the inhibitors concentrations till a certain concentration then nearly became constant. 4‐(4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxyphenyl)‐2‐mercapto‐6,7,8,9‐tetrahydro‐5H‐cyclohepta[b]pyridine‐3‐carbonitrile (C2) represented the best inhibition efficiency of 98.4% at 50 ppm. The polarization measurements revealed that the studied compounds C1‐C3 acted as mixed inhibitors. The adsorption of 2‐hydroxy‐4‐(4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxyphenyl)‐6,7,8,9‐tetrahydro‐5H‐cyclohepta[b]pyridine‐3‐carbonitrile (C1) on the copper surface obeyed Freundlich isotherm while the other two inhibitors obeyed Langmuir isotherm. Relatively, a good correlation was obtained between the observed inhibition efficiencies from one side, and the electronic and molecular descriptors from another side.
ELF3 Mediates IL-1α Induced Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Inflammatory iCAFs
Authors: Tran Linda L. , Dang Truong , Thomas Rintu , Rowley David R. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment regulate the immune landscape and tumor progression. Yet, the ontogeny and heterogeneity of reactive stromal cells within tumors is not well understood. Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts exhibiting an inflammatory phenotype (iCAFs) have been identified within multiple cancers; however, mechanisms that lead to their recruitment and differentiation also remain undefined. Targeting these mechanisms therapeutically may be important in managing cancer progression. Here, we identify the ELF3 transcription factor as the canonical mediator of IL-1α-induced differentiation of prostate mesenchymal stem cells to an iCAF phenotype, typical of the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, IL-1α-induced iCAFs were subsequently refractive to TGF-β1 induced trans-differentiation to a myofibroblast phenotype (myCAF), another key carcinoma-associated fibroblast subtype typical of reactive stroma in cancer. Restricted trans-differentiation was associated with phosphorylation of the YAP protein, indicating that interplay between ELF3 action and activation of the Hippo pathway are critical for restricting trans-differentiation of iCAFs. Together, these data show that the IL-1α/ELF3/YAP pathways are coordinate for regulating inflammatory carcinoma-associated fibroblast differentiation.
A comparative study on the differential axial shortening in high‐rise buildings
Authors: Ruiz Rafael , Todisco Leonardo , Pazos Alfredo , Corres Hugo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDifferential axial shortening (DAS) between columns and core, due to time‐dependent phenomena and elastic deformation, is a very important aspect to be considered in the design of concrete high‐rise buildings. This research compares the DAS of 250‐ and 500‐m‐tall buildings considering different materials for the columns and core. In fact, a parametric study is performed to evaluate the effects on DAS when using composite, reinforced concrete (RC), or high‐performance concrete (HPC) columns, such as an RC or lightweight aggregate RC (LWARC) core. A finite element commercial software has been validated and then employed to estimate the DAS. All studied cases are defined on the basis of the Cristal Tower, located in Madrid, to provide reliable estimates of DAS. Results illustrate that columns made of HPC present lower DAS at infinite time and required diameters similar to the composite solution. Furthermore, an LWARC core shows higher axial shortenings compared to the RC alternative. For these reasons, the combination of HPC columns with the LWARC core is presented as a promising solution to reduce the effects of DAS in tall buildings.
Lipin-1-derived diacylglycerol activates intracellular TRPC3 which is critical for inflammatory signaling
Authors: Casas Javier , Meana Clara , López-López José Ramón , Balsinde Jesús , Balboa María A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractExposure to Gram-negative bacterial LPS exacerbates host immune responses and may lead to sepsis, a life-threatening condition. Despite its high mortality and morbidity, no drugs specifically directed to treating sepsis are currently available. Using human cell genetic depletion, pharmacological inhibition, live-cell microscopy and organelle-targeted molecular sensors we present evidence that the channel TRPC3 is activated intracellularly during macrophage exposure to LPS and is essential for Ca2+ release from internal stores. In this manner, TRPC3 participates in cytosolic Ca2+ elevations, activation of the transcription factor NF-κB and cytokine upregulation. We also report that TRPC3 is activated by diacylglycerol generated by the phosphatidic acid phosphatase lipin-1. In accord with this, lipin-1-deficient cells exhibit reduced Ca2+ responses to LPS challenge. Finally, pharmacological inhibition of TRPC3 reduces systemic inflammation induced by LPS in mice. Collectively, our study unveils a central component of LPS-triggered Ca2+ signaling that involves intracellular sensing of lipin-1-derived DAG by TRPC3, and opens new opportunities for the development of strategies to treat LPS-driven inflammation.
Recurrent Colorectal Liver Metastases in the Liver Remnant After Major Liver Surgery—IRE as a Salvage Local Treatment When Resection and Thermal Ablation are Unsuitable
Authors: Hitpass Lea , Distelmaier Martina , Neumann Ulf P. , Schöning Wenzel , Isfort Peter , Keil Sebastian , Kuhl Christiane K. , Bruners Philipp , Barabasch Alexandra 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To examine the safety and short-term oncologic outcomes of computer-tomography-guided (CT-guided) irreversible electroporation (IRE) of recurrent, irresectable colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) after major hepatectomy deemed unsuitable for thermal ablation.

Patients and Methods
Twenty-three patients undergoing CT-guided IRE of recurrent CRLM after major hepatectomy were included in this study. All tumors were located adjacent to sole remaining intrahepatic blood vessels and bile ducts, precluding thermal ablation. Patients underwent systematic clinical and imaging follow-up, including magnetic resonance imaging of the liver at 1-month and 3-month intervals thereafter. Time to local and intrahepatic tumor progression within 12 and 36 months and associated risk factors were assessed using Kaplan Meier and Cox regression analysis, respectively.

Results
Complete ablation with a safety margin of at least 0.5 cm was achieved in 22/23 (95.6%) patients. No vessel injury or thrombosis occurred. Five patients developed moderate biliary stenosis after a median of 4 weeks, without requiring treatment. Local tumor-progression-free rates within 12/36 months were 64%/57.4%, respectively. Intrahepatic-progression-free rate within 12/36 months was 36.4%/19.5%, respectively. Five (23%) patients were tumor-free at the end of follow-up. Multivariate Cox regression analysis did not show any association between local tumor-progression-free rates and patient age, target tumor size, primary tumor side or synchronicity of liver metastases.

Conclusion
In this highly selected patient population with local recurrences of CRLM after major surgery, IRE was shown to be a safe salvage treatment option when thermal ablation is unsuitable.
Association of monocyte HLA-DR expression over time with secondary infection in critically ill children: a prospective observational study
Authors: Hagedoorn Nienke N. , Kolukirik Pinar , Nagtzaam Nicole M. A. , Nieboer Daan , Verbruggen Sascha , Joosten Koen F. , Moll Henriette , Driessen Gertjan , Dik Willem A. , Vermont Clementien 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAn impaired immune response could play a role in the acquisition of secondary infections in critically ill children. Human leukocyte antigen-DR expression on monocytes (mHLA-DR) has been proposed as marker to detect immunosuppression, but its potential to predict secondary infections in critically ill children is unclear. We aimed to assess the association between mHLA-DR expression at several timepoints and the change of mHLA-DR expression over time with the acquisition of secondary infections in critically ill children. In this prospective observational study, children < 18 years with fever and/or suspected infection (community-acquired or hospital-acquired) were included at a paediatric intensive care unit in the Netherlands. mHLA-DR expression was determined by flow cytometry on day 1, day 2–3 and day 4–7. The association between delta-mHLA-DR expression (difference between last and first measurement) and secondary infection was assessed by multivariable regression analysis, adjusted for age and Paediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction-2 score. We included 104 patients at the PICU (median age 1.2 years [IQR 0.3–4.2]), of whom 28 patients (27%) developed a secondary infection. Compared to 93 healthy controls, mHLA-DR expression of critically ill children was significantly lower at all timepoints. mHLA-DR expression did not differ at any of the time points between patients with and without secondary infection. In addition, delta-mHLA-DR expression was not associated with secondary infection (aOR 1.00 [95% CI 0.96–1.04]).Conclusions: Our results confirm that infectious critically ill children have significantly lower mHLA-DR expression than controls. mHLA-DR expression was not associated with the acquisition of secondary infections.

What is Known:• An impaired immune response, estimated by mHLA-DR expression, could play an essential role in the acquisition of secondary infections in critically ill children.• In critically ill children, large studies on the association of mHLA-DR expression with secondary infections are scarce.

What is New:• Our study confirms that critically ill children have lower mHLA-DR expression than healthy controls.• mHLA-DR expression and change in mHLA-DR was not associated with the acquisition of secondary infection.
The sympathies of the body: functional organization and neuronal differentiation in the peripheral sympathetic nervous system
Authors: Ernsberger Uwe , Deller Thomas , Rohrer Hermann 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDuring the last 30 years, our understanding of the development and diversification of postganglionic sympathetic neurons has dramatically increased. In parallel, the list of target structures has been critically extended from the cardiovascular system and selected glandular structures to metabolically relevant tissues such as white and brown adipose tissue, lymphoid tissues, bone, and bone marrow. A critical question now emerges for the integration of the diverse sympathetic neuron classes into neural circuits specific for these different target tissues to achieve the homeostatic regulation of the physiological ends affected.
Effects of individualized positive end-expiratory pressure combined with recruitment maneuver on intraoperative ventilation during abdominal surgery: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Li Xiang , Ni Zhi-Lin , Wang Jun , Liu Xiu-Cheng , Guan Hui-Lian , Dai Ming-Sheng , Gao Xing , Zhou Yang , Hu Xiao-Yi , Sun Xun , Zhou Jian , Zhao Qiu , Zhang Qian-Qian , Liu He , Han Yuan , Cao Jun-Li 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLow tidal volume ventilation strategy may lead to atelectasis without proper positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) and recruitment maneuver (RM) settings. RM followed by individualized PEEP was a new method to optimize the intraoperative pulmonary function. We conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials to compare the effects of individualized PEEP + RM on intraoperative pulmonary function and hemodynamic with other PEEP and RM settings. The primary outcomes were intraoperative oxygenation index and dynamic compliance, while the secondary outcomes were intraoperative heart rate and mean arterial pressure. In total, we identified 15 clinical trials containing 36 randomized groups with 3634 participants. Ventilation strategies were divided into eight groups by four PEEP (L: low, M: moderate, H: high, and I: individualized) and two RM (yes or no) settings. The main results showed that IPEEP + RM group was superior to all other groups regarding to both oxygenation index and dynamic compliance. LPEEP group was inferior to LPEEP + RM, MPEEP, MPEEP + RM, and IPEEP + RM in terms of oxygenation index and LPEEP + RM, MPEEP, MPEEP + RM, HPEEP + RM, IPEEP, and IPEEP + RM in terms of dynamic compliance. All comparisons were similar for secondary outcomes. Our analysis suggested that individualized PEEP and RM may be the optimal low tidal volume ventilation strategy at present, while low PEEP without RM is not suggested.