bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Groundwater depth prediction using Shetran model in Citarum River basin
Authors: Suroso  , Rahmat F P , Ardiansyah  
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Drought is a natural disaster that lasts a long time and has an impact on various things that can seriously affect human life, economy, agricultural production, and also ecological environment. In Indonesia, floods and droughts become annual disasters that often occur and are difficult to avoid, even in big cities. Drought cannot be considered a trivial problem because its impact is very detrimental to every aspect of life. Drought can be seen from several indicators. The depth of groundwater can be an indicator of drought. The purpose of this study was to predict the depth of groundwater in the Citarum River Basin. This study uses a spatially distributed Shetran model. The Shetran model was developed by the School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences at Newcastle upon Tyne University. The hydro-climatological data from satellite measurements during 2001 to 2017 were used in Shetran model. Input data in this study consisted of digital elevation models, TRMM rainfall data, evaporation data, soil properties, and land-use change land cover change data. The results showed that within 17 years the land use types in the Citarum watershed had undergone significant changes. This land use change affects the depth of groundwater in the Citarum watershed.
Vegetation cover modelling for soil erosion control in agricultural watershed
Authors: Prasetyo A , Setyawan C , Ngadisih  , Tirtalistyani R 
Published: February 2021

AbstractVegetation has an important role in surface runoff and soil erosion control. Deforestation, especially in the upstream watersheds, has increased land degradation problems, mainly in the form of soil erosion. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of vegetation cover for soil erosion control in an agricultural watershed. Soil erosion calculation was performed using Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model. While spatial analysis tools of Arc GIS 10.3 were used for soil erosion-vegetation correlation modelling. Five parameters such as rainfall erosivity (R), soil erodibility (K), length-slope factor (LS), crop management factor (C) and conservation practices factor (P) used to assess soil erosion in the existing condition. Those parameters were presented in grids cell of land units with 30 meters resolution. Five scenarios of vegetation cover such as 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% were used for the modelling. The result showed the increase of vegetation cover from the existing condition from 4.8% to 30% can significantly reduce about 76% of soil erosion. Preservation of about 30% vegetation cover in the upstream area of the watershed, enables farming practices with a low risk of soil erosion. The findings of this study provide a fundamental base for conservative farming concept development.
Impact of Cocoa Butter Replacer (CBR) proportion on the physical characteristics of compound dark chocolate
Authors: Syafira N S , Saputro A D , Khasanah A N , Oetama T , Setiowati A D , Rahayoe S , Bintoro N 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Dark chocolate that is made from 100% cocoa has a melting point in the range of 33-34°C. Because of that, dark chocolate easily melts at room temperature. The melting point of dark chocolate can be increased by adding Cocoa Butter Replacer (CBR). The aim of this study was to examine the impact of CBR on the several characteristics of dark chocolate, including moisture content, particle size, density, color, hardness, and melting point. Proportion of CBR used on this research were 0%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, and 90%, while duration of crystal maturation applied was 12 day. The results showed that the higher amount of CBR added to chocolate was followed by the higher value of hardness, L*, a*, b*, and melting point.
Investigation on the application of subsoiler vibration to reduce the energy requirement
Authors: Al-Rajabo S , Hilal Y Y , Rajab R H 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The aims of this study were to investigate the input energy in vibrating and non-vibrating subsoiler wings based on field operations and to compare the field performance based on the energy use efficiency to determine the best between them. The study was carried out using vibrating and non-vibrating wings of the subsoiler and two rake angles in the soil (45° and 55°). Three tractor speeds (2.88, 4, and 5.6 km/h) were considered. The results showed that input energy in non-vibrating wings was higher than that in vibrating wings at all treatments. Analysis of the energy input showed the diesel fuel had the largest inputs form all input energy for both wings types. The treatment of 45° with 2.88 km/h had the largest share of input energy with 1528.95 MJ/ha in non-vibrating wings while the treatment of 55° with 2.88 km/h had the largest share 1239.86 MJ/ha in vibrating wings. Total volume of soil disturbance in vibrating wings and non-vibrating wings was 2704.185 and 3586.491 m3/ha, respectively. Accordingly, energy use efficiency for vibrating wings higher than non-vibrating wings. Finally, vibrating wings surpassed non-vibrating wings in field performance and it can produce higher cross-section soil with the least input energy consumed.
Nutritional value and color of se’i processed from cull cow meat from different body condition score and smoked at different smoke method
Authors: Malelak G E M , Benu I , Manu A E , Jelantik I G N 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Se’i (smoked meat) quality influenced by fresh meat quality and smoking method. Meat from culled cow at different body condition scores (BCS) and which are smoked using different method produce different quality of se’i. This research was aimed to study the effect of different smoking methods on nutritional value and color of se’i made from meat of Bali cattle cows with different BCS. The experimental design used was completely randomized design 3 × 4 with factorial patterns. The first factor was smoking method namely open, close and liquid smoke method. The second factor was BCS namely BCS 2, BCS 3 and BCS 4. The parameters measured were se’i nutritional value (water, protein and fat content) and color (L (lightness), a (redness) and b (yellowness). Data were analysed using ANOVA, followed by Least square means (LSM). Results showed that water and protein content was depend on BCS, as BCS increased, water content decreased and protein content increased (p<0.01). Se’i color also depend on BCS, as BCS increase, the value of a and b decrease while the L increases. In conclusion, BCS factor was influencing se’i quality rather than smoking method.
The effect of material amount in distillation tank to chemical composition of citronella oil (Cymbopogon
nardus L. Rendle)
Authors: Budaraga I K , Salihat R A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The need for essential oils such as citronella oil, has increased along with the development of modern industries such as perfume, cosmetics, food, aromatherapy, and medicine industries. In the recent year, the volume of essential oil export is decreased, this due to quality issues. The purpose of this study was to determine the chemical composition of citronella oil using GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy) method using different amount of material in the refining tank of distillation (A = 40 kg; B = 50 kg; C = 60 kg; D = 70 kg; and E = 80 kg). The results showed that the highest percentage of citronella oil was found in A method when compared to the other method. The oil resulted, contain three main components namely citronellal (41.97%), geraniol (18.89%), and citronellol (12.91%). This research concludes that the more the amount of raw material in the refining tank will decreases the percentage of three main components (citronellal, geraniol, and citronellol) of oil resulted.
Determination of production factors of dehydrated strawberries by using Taguchi method approach
Authors: Ardhani I C , Putri R M , Falah M A F , Widodo K H 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Dehydrated fruit is important as an alternative to increase shelf-life and the value of the fresh fruit. Hence, it is important to know approach for this processing. Objective of the study was to know the optimal combination for treatments of material and process for production of dehydrated strawberries by using Taguchi method. The treatments were the combinations from orthogonal array and signal to noise ratio from Taguchi method with several control variables of processing of timing and concentration during immerse in osmotic solution (30,45,60 minutes) and (30, 40,50 0Brix) and also drying temperature (50, 60, 70 °C) were applied in this processing. Several quality parameters of dehydrated fruits were determined such as color of skin fruit, texture, water content, vitamin C, total phenol, acidity, and total soluble solid were measured using standard method. Results showed that, optimum condition for drying temperature was 70°C, and concentration and timing during osmotic dehydration were 60 minutes and 50 0Brix, respectively. Drying temperature was highest factor that affected quality of the dehydrated fruit processing. Physical characterization of dehydrated strawberries were skin drying with softened flesh of fruit, darker red color, and chemical characterization sweet taste, low acidity, high vitamin C and total phenol.
Antioxidant and sensory properties of ready to drink coffee-ginger made from decaffeinated and non-decaffeinated robusta coffee beans
Authors: Kuswardhani N , Mukti N P , Sari P 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this research, Robusta coffee bean was used in the making of ready to drink coffee-ginger. This research was conducted to know the influence of different formulas on the content of total polyphenols, melanoidin brown pigments, antioxidant activity and sensory properties in decaffeinated and non-decaffeinated coffee-ginger drink. The coffee-ginger drinks were made with 50 ml and 40 ml of decaffeinated and non-decaffeinated Robusta coffee extracts, added with 20, 15 and 10ml ginger extract respectively. The results showed the formulation of coffee: ginger (50ml: 20ml) with non-decaffeinated coffee beans had total polyphenol (2.69 mg GAE/ml), melanoidin brown pigment (1.31 AU) and antioxidant activity (0.43 mmol TE/ml) contents; which is the highest compared to other formulations. The coffee-ginger drink that favored the most by panelists is the formulation of coffee: ginger (40ml : 10ml) with non-decaffeinated coffee bean. The decaffeinated coffee-ginger has a faded brown color and strong flavor, so it is less preferred. The high addition of ginger extract is also less preferred because it has a too strong flavor and pungent taste.
Shelf life prediction of carica seeds powder using accelerated method
Authors: Astuti S D , Lestari S , Erminawati  , Widarni S , Wijanarko G , Wibawa F N 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Carica fruit is a main commodity in Dieng plateau. Its seeds is one of the by-products in carica fruit cocktail processing. Carica seeds contain high antioxidants, so that it can be consumed as a functional beverage. The objectives of this study was to determine the shelf life of the product. The processes involved in carica seed powder production were: soaking with citric acid, boiling, fermentation with R. oligosporus inoculum, drying, roasting, and mixing the roasted seeds with dried jackfruit at ratio of 3: 1. The packaging used in this study were glass jar and aluminum foil. The products were stored at 35, 45, and 55°C and analyzed for its chemical and sensory characteristics at every 5 d for 20 d. The shelf life was examined by the acceleration method with Arrhenius equation using moisture content as the critical parameter. Results of the study showed that shelf-life of products packed with aluminum foil at room temperature (25°C) was 1 year and 1 month and at cold temperature (8°C) was 1 year 4 months. Meanwhile, the shelf life of products packed in glass bottles at room temperature (25°C) was 5 months and at cold temperatures (8°C) was 6 months.
The incorporation of lime and NPK fertilizer on shallot production in peat soil
Authors: Sopha G A , Effendi A M , Aprianto F , Firmansyah A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
High acidity level and low nutrient availability are the most challenging factors of shallot production in peat soils. The purpose of this study was to find out the best lime material and the level of NPK fertilizer on shallot production in peat soil in Central Borneo, Indonesia. The experiment used was a Split Plot Design with three replications. The main plot was three types of lime material: 3 t ha−1 dolomite, 3 t ha−1 agriculture limestone and 1.5 t ha−1 calcium hydroxide. The subplots were ten combinations of NPK fertilizers. The results showed that lime materials and doses of NPK fertilizer had a significant effect on shallot growth and yield. Hydrated lime doses 1.5 t ha−1 and NPK fertilizer dose 100 kg N ha−1, 100 kg P2O5 ha−1 and 100 kg K2O ha−1 gave the highest bulb yield (7 t ha−1) compared to other trials. However, this bulb yield was lower compared to different adaptive cultivars from previous studies. Further experiments using higher levels of lime and adapted varieties are necessary to get the optimum bulb yield.
Growth and yield of shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) on different types of media and nutrient solution on hydroponic wick system
Authors: Sugiyanta D A , Rokhminarsi E , Prakoso B 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Effect of planting media and nutrient solutions and their interaction on growth and yield of shallot on hydroponic wick system was studied. The study was conducted in a screen house. A two factor experiment with three replications, arranged in randomized completed block design, was carried out. First factor was types of planting media i.e. sand, sand+husk charcoal (1:1), and sand+sawdust (1:1). Second factor was types of nutrient solution i.e. AB Mix, fermented urine of rabbit, and fermented vermicompost. Observed variables were plant height, leaf, tiller, and bulb number, root volume, total root length, plant fresh weight, and bulb dry weight. Data were analysed by F test followed by DMRT at a 5% error level. Results showed that shallot grown on sand+sawdust was the lowest, but types of media did not have significant effect on the other variables; plants supplied with fermented vermicompost nutrient solution had the lowest values for all observed variables. It was concluded that 50% substitution of sand with husk charcoal or sawdust did not reduce yield of shallot; solution of fermented urine of rabbit could replace solution of AB Mix, but solution of fermented vermicompost could not replace AB Mix solution for growing shallot on wick system.
Net assimilation rate, growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L cv Inpago Unsoed 1) with the application of PGPR in different rate of nitrogen
Authors: Purwanto  , Widiatmoko T , Wijonarko B R 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe aims of this research was to study the net assimilation rate, growth and yield of rice with the application of PGPR in different rate of nitrogen fertilizer. The experimental was conducted in experimental farm of Agriculture Faculty of UNSOED Purwokerto. The research was arranged in Randomized Block Design with three replications. The first factor is PGPR consortium, and the second factor is dosage of nitrogen fertilizer. The observed variables were plant height, number of tillers, plant biomass, leaf greenness, plant biomass, net assimilation rate, relative growth rate and yield. Data were analyzed using ANOVA followed with DMRT test for mean comparison between group. The results showed that PGPR consortium inoculation and nitrogen fertilization have effect on root growth, leaf greenness, and plant biomass. The PGPR consortium R08 isolate + R11 isolate and nitrogen fertilizer at dose of 1.36 g plant−1gave highest net assimilation rate of 5.87 g dm−2week−1. The highest grain yield was achieved at nitrogen fertilizer dose of 2.72 g plant−1at 36.17 g per hill.
Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi (AMF) in the rhizosphere of sugarcane
Authors: Hartoyo B , Trisilawati O 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Exploration of AMF types in sugarcane cropping areas is an important and necessary initial study to be able to isolate and identify specific types of AMF that exist. Utilization of AMF is one alternative in overcoming problems in acid soils, because AMF can help plants absorb P elements and other nutrients from the soil. This study aims to identify the types of AMF in the rhizosphere of sugarcane. The research was conducted from June to October 2015, soil sampling was carried out in the community sugar cane garden in Ngemplak Plantation, district Pati (KP. Muktiharjo). While the isolation, identification and capture of spores is carried out in the Ecophysiology Laboratory and the greenhouse of the Indonesian Spices and Medicinal Crops Research Institute, Bogor. The identification results obtained 2 arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the sugarcane rhizosphere, namely Glomus sp, (3 species) and Acaulospora sp (1 species). The amount of initial spore density was 120-130 spores per 50 g of soil samples and after trapping, the number increased to 407 spores / 20 g soil samples or increased 6.8 times.
Effect of natural silica to alleviate salinity stress of tomatoes (Lycopersicum escullentum Mill.) on entisol
Authors: Kharisun  , Suparto S R , Noorhidayah R , Astuti C M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The aims of this research are to know the effect of silica fertilizer (Si), salt stress and their interactions on the agronomic characteristics of tomato plants on Entisol soil. The experiment employed factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 2 factors experiments i.e. level of conductivity, namely K0 = 0ds/m / pot, K1 = 1ds/m / pot, K2 = 2ds/m/pot, and K3 = 3ds/m/pot, and doses of Si fertilizer, namely S0 = 0g/pot, S1 = 5g/pot, S2 = 10g/pot, and S3 = 15 g/pot. There were 16 treatment combinations with 3 replications, in total 48 experimental unit were used. The variables observed were plant height, number of leaves, chlorophyll content, flowering age, number of flowers, number of fruits, fruit weight, and fruit volume. The application of Si fertilizer increased the number of tomato flowers. Salinity stress reduced plant height and weight of tomatoes. The interaction of silica fertilizer (Si) and salt stress influences the number of leaves and the number of flowers. The highest number of leaves was at the dose of KCl 1 ds/m/plant and silica fertilizer 5 g/plant, while the highest number of flowers was at the dose of KCl 3 ds/m/plant and silica fertilizer 10 g/plant.
The effect of organic fertilizer, biochar, and hormones on bulb splitting in the cultivation of true seed shallot
Authors: Firmansyah I , Nurlaily R , Sutoyo  , Hermawan A , Jatuningtyas R K , Kusumasari A C 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The study aimed to analyze the effect of organic fertilizer, biochar and hormone to the bulb splitting in cultivation of true shallot seed. The research was conducted in Grobogan Regency, in March-June 2019. The applied experimental design was Split-Split Plot with three replications. The main plot treated with organic fertilizer (P) consisted of P1=5 t/ha, P2=10 t/ha, and P3=20 t/ha, the subsidiary plot treated Biochar (B) marked B1=without Biochar and B2=Biochar 12.5 t/ha, and the sub-subsidiary plot was treated with Hormone (H); H1=without hormone, H2=with hormone; altogether were 12 treatment combinations and 36 experimental plots. Parameters observed were plant height, number of leaves, number of plants/clump, number of bulbs/clump, number of bulbs splitting, bulbs diameter, and dry weight of bulb/clump. Data were analyzed statistically using ANOVA, and if there was a significant difference between treatments, it was tested with the Duncan Multiple Range Test at a 5% level. The results showed that the provision of biochar as many as 12.5 tons/ha positively affected the growth components and the yield components of true shallot seed (number of plants/clump, number of bulbs/clump, number of bulbs splitting, bulbs diameter, and dry weight of bulb/clump).
Growth and production of seed bulbs from true seed shallot planted on dry low land in rainy season
Authors: Kusumasari A C , Pangestuti R , Sulistyaningsih E , Rosliani R 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Bulb propagated from true seed shallot (TSS) has a potency to become a good seed bulb. This study aimed to analyze the growth and production of seed bulbs from TSS planted on dry low land in rainy season. The study was conducted from November to December 2014 in Grobogan Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. A group of G0 bulbs, called Trisula and Tuk Tuk varieties, consisting of small bulbs (Ø 1-1.5 cm, weight 2-5 g) and large bulbs (Ø >1.6 cm, weight >7 g) were planted in a-2 factorial RBD with four replications. Variety and bulb size had a significant effect on all components of growth (plant height, number of tillers) and production (number of bulbs, fresh and dry weight of bulb, bulb diameter, and productivity). The small and large size of G0 Trisula seed bulbs have equal quality as seeds source in the lowland area during rainy season with productivity > 20 tons ha−1 and a small percentage of rejected bulbs ( <0.5 % (0.08 tons ha−1). Meanwhile, although having high productivity, Tuk Tuk variety had high percentage of rejected bulbs, 34.22% (9.79 tons ha−1); so it is unsuitable to be used as seed bulb in the rainy season.
The influence of cropping pattern of pepper with citronella and lemongrass to the insect diversity and insect pests population
Authors: Siswanto  , Trisawa I M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Lemongrass and Citronella contain essential oils which are repellent against insect pests. Research on the cropping pattern of pepper with lemongrass and citronella was conducted to determine the influence of two essential oil plants on the diversity and population of insect pests of pepper plants. The research was conducted at the Sukamulya Experimental Garden, from 2018 to 2020 on a 3000 m2 planting plot. The treatments of the cropping patterns tested included: 1) Climbing pepper, 2) Climbing pepper + Shrub pepper, 3) Climbing pepper + Citronella, 4) Climbing pepper + Lemongrass, 5) Climbing pepper + Shrub pepper + Citronella, 6) Climbing pepper + Shrub pepper + Lemongrass. Each treatment was repeated twice. Observation parameters were insect diversity and insect pests, the level of pest attack, and the number of plants attacked. The results obtained about 66 species of insects from 46 families and 9 orders. The insects associated with the pepper cropping pattern ecosystem were relatively evenly distributed in all treatments, except for treatment 3, where only 4 types of insect pests were found. Pests, especially Thrips sp., were distributed in all treatments, but in the combination treatment with citronella and lemongrass, the population of Thrips sp. relatively low.