bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic variation at RAB3GAP2 and its role in exercise-related adaptation and recovery
Authors: Ström Kristoffer , Oskolkov Nikolay , Karaderi Tugce , Kalamajski Sebastian , Ekström Ola , Miyamoto-Mikami Eri , Ladenvall Claes , Kakulidis Ellen , Reid Steven , Andersson Anna-Maria Dutius , Kryvokhyzha Dmytro , Zhang Enming , Fadista João , Iemitsu Motoyuki , Mahajan Anubha , Ahlqvist Emma , Prasad Rashmi , Pruefer Kay , Sabater-Lleal Maria , Smith Nicholas , Dehghan Abbas Abbas , Lind Lars , McGawley Kerry , Morris Andrew , Lehtovirta Mikko , Szczerbiński Łukasz , Kretowski Adam , Wang Guan , Pitsiladis Yannis , Santos-Lozano Alejandro , Lucia Alejandro , Fuku Noriyuku , Holmberg Hans-Christer , Groop Leif , Gomez Maria , Eriksson Karl-Fredrik , Pietras Kristian , Lindgren Cecilia , Franks Paul , Hansson Ola 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Skeletal muscle fiber composition and capillary density influence physical performance and whole-body metabolic properties. ~45% of the variance in fiber type is heritable, which motivated us to perform a genome-wide association study of skeletal muscle histology from 656 Swedish men. Four independent variants were associated (p < 5x10− 8) with proportion of type IIx fibers or capillary-to-fiber ratio (C:F). The strongest signal localized to the rs115660502 variant, where the G-allele corresponded with increased C:F and reduced skeletal muscle expression of the proximal gene, RAB3 GTPase Activating Non-Catalytic Protein Subunit 2 (RAB3GAP2). The G-allele was less frequent in elite short-track sprinters and more frequent in endurance athletes than in matched non-athlete (population) controls; RAB3GAP2 expression was reduced by high-intensity intermittent training. RAB3GAP2 protein was not uniformly expressed in muscle tissue but localized to the endothelium and capillaries. Experimental reduction of RAB3GAP2 in human endothelial cells led to increased tube formation in vitro, to regulation of secreted factors promoting angiogenesis and T-cell activation, to reduced intracellular levels of von Willebrand factor (VWF) and, post-implantation, to increased endothelial cell density in vivo in mice. The amount of RAB3GAP2 in skeletal muscle was positively associated with exercise-induced release of VWF in vivo in humans. By regulating the release of protein factors (VWF, CD70, TNC, TNXB, MCP1, IGFBP3, COL1A1, TFPI2 and tPA), RAB3GAP2 influences fitness adaptation after exercise by improving muscle healing and promotion of capillary formation.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties Investigation of Ni35A-TiC Composite Coating Deposited on AISI 1045 Steel by Laser Cladding
Authors: Zhang Hao , Lian Guofu , Cao Qiang , Pan Yingjun , Zhang Yang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this research, the TiC-Ni35A composite coating was fabricated on the AISI 1045 steel substrate by laser cladding process. The cross-sectional morphology, microstructure, micro-hardness, and wear resistance of coatings obtained under different laser energy densities (E) and TiC powder ratios (PR) were analyzed. According to the results, all the coating had a reliable metallurgical bonding with the AISI 1045 steel substrate. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that the coating phases were Ni and TiC. The average microhardness of the Ni35A-80wt.% TiC coating reached up to 75.12 HRC. The minimum coefficient of friction of the composite coating was only about 30% of the AISI 1045 substrate. The wear form was mainly adhesive wear when altering the TiC powder ratios, while the wear form also contained abrasion wear under different energy densities. The ability of decomposition and re-nucleation of TiC was significantly improved with the increase of laser energy densities and the decrease of TiC powder ratios. The micro-hardness, wear resistance, and coefficient of friction of the composite coating were improved because of the TiC strengthening phase particles. Compared with the AISI 1045 steel substrate, the micro-hardness and wear resistance of the composite coating was increased by 5.29 times and 6.26 times, respectively.
Kinetic, Catalytic and Thermodynamic Properties of Immobilized Milk Clotting Enzyme on Activated Chitosan Polymer and its Application in Cheese Making
Authors: Ahmed Samia , Abdel-Naby Mohamed A. , Abdel-Fattah Ahmed F. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Milk clotting enzyme (MCE) from Bacillus circulans 25 was immobilized by covalent binding, ionic binding and entrapment methods using various carriers. MCE covalently immobilized on activated chitosan polymer with the bifunctional agent glutaraldehyde (Ch-MCE) exhibited highest immobilization yield (74.6 %). Comparing to the native MCE, Ch-MCE exhibited higher optimum pH, higher optimum reaction temperature, lower activation energy, higher half-life time, lower deactivation rate constant and higher energy for denaturation. After immobilization, maximum reaction rate, Michaelis-Menten constant, specificity constant, turnover number, and catalytic efficiency of the enzyme were significantly changed. Calculated thermodynamic parameters for denaturation (enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs free energy) confirmed that the catalytic properties of MCE were significantly improved after immobilization. Reusability tests showed that after 7 catalytic cycles, the Ch-MCE retained about 71 % of its activity confirming its suitability for industrial applications.
Internalization and Trafficking of CSPG-Bound Recombinant VAR2CSA Lectins in Cancer Cells
Authors: Wang Chris Kedong , Nelepcu Irina , Hui Desmond , Oo Htoo Zarni , Truong Sarah , Zhao Sarah , Esfandnia Shaghayegh , Ghaidi Fariba , Adomat Hans , Dagil Robert , Gustavsson Tobias , Choudhary Swati , Salanti Ali , Sorensen Poul , Al-Nakouzi Nader , Daugaard Mads 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Proteoglycans are proteins that are modified with glycosaminoglycan chains. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are currently being exploited as targets for drug-delivery in various cancer indications, however basic knowledge on how CSPGs are internalized in tumor cells is lacking. In this study we took advantage of a recombinant CSPG-binding lectin VAR2CSA (rVAR2) to track internalization and cell fate of CSPGs in tumor cells. We found that rVAR2 is internalized into cancer cells via multiple internalization mechanisms after initial docking on cell surface CSPGs. Regardless of the internalization pathway used, CSPG-bound rVAR2 was trafficked to the early endosomes in an energy-dependent manner but not further transported to the lysosomal compartment. Instead, internalized CSPG-bound rVAR2 proteins were secreted with exosomes to the extracellular environment in a strictly chondroitin sulfate-dependent manner. In summary, our work describes the cell fate of rVAR2 proteins in tumor cells after initial binding to CSPGs, which can be further used to inform development of rVAR2-drug conjugates and other therapeutics targeting CSPGs.
Comparison of Volcanic Explosions in Japan Using Impulsive Ionospheric Disturbances
Authors: Cahyadi Mokhamad Nur , Handoko Eko Yuli , Rahayu Ririn Wuri , Heki Kosuke 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Using the total ionospheric electron content (TEC) data from ground-based global satellite navigation system (GNSS) receivers in Japan, we compared ionospheric responses to five explosive volcanic eruptions 2004-2015 of the Asama, Shin-Moe, Sakurajima, and Kuchinoerabu-jima volcanoes. The TEC records show N-shaped disturbances with a period ~80 seconds propagating outward with the acoustic wave speed in the F region of the ionosphere. The amplitudes of these TEC disturbances are a few percent of the background absolute vertical TEC. We propose to use such relative amplitudes as a new index for the intensity of volcanic explosions.
‘Honeytrapping’ Pseudomonas From Water: A Sustainable Prototype For Water Disinfection
Authors: Ranade Hemangi , Paliwal Priya , Paul Debarati , Datta Manali 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This paper introduces a novel prototype for the removal of Pseudomonas from water samples. Bacterial cells have the tendency to get attracted towards specific chemicals (chemotaxis); a ‘honeytrap’ strip was conceptualized by integrating a combination of serine, pseudomonas specific chemo-attractant and honey to attract and inhibit the bacteria in situ. Honey, a natural antimicrobial agent, has garnered attention in its effective inhibitory role in Pseudomonal biofilms and wound infections. Dipping serine side of the strip attracted bacteria towards honeytrap, wherebythe porous nature of the strip facilitated the ‘trapping’ and subsequent diffusion of the bacterial cells towards honey-adsorbed end of the strip. This ‘honeytrap’ reportedly leads to the targeted elimination of Pseudomonas, hence facilitating its removal. The percentage efficacy of this ‘honeytrap’ device is 96% with a log reduction equivalent to 1.6 within a time frame of 2 hours. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, although, not a natural contaminant of potable water, enters circulation due to improperly maintained plumbing fixtures and storage facilities. Honeytrap strip is an easy to use, biodegradable and cost effective sustainable solution, and thus a scaled up version ofthis device may enablesubstantial improvement in quality of potable water.
Enhancing Hydrogen Productivity of Photosynthetic Bacteria from the Formulated Carbon Components of Lignocellulose
Authors: Zhang Chuan , Wang Guihong , Ma Shuaishuai , Huang Hao , Ma Yixiao , Li Zhaoran 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
To develop an efficient photofermentative process capable of higher rate biohydrogen production using carbon components of lignocellulosic hydrolysate, a desired carbon substrate by mixing xylose with glucose was formulated. Effects of crucial process parameters affecting cellular biochemical reaction of hydrogen by photosynthetic bacteria (PSB), i.e variation in initial concentration of total carbon, glucose content in initial carbon substrate, as well as light intensity were experimental investigated using response surface methodology (RSM) with a Box-Benhnken design (BBD). Hydrogen production rate (HPR) in the maximum value of 30.6 mL h− 1 L− 1 was attained under conditions of 39 mM initial concentration of total carbon, 59% (mol/mol) glucose content in initial carbon substrate and 12.6 W m− 2 light intensity at light wavelength of 590 nm. Synergic effects of metabolizing such a well formulated carbon substrate for sustaining the active microbial synthesis to sufficiently accumulate biomass in bioreactor, as well as stimulating enzyme activity of nitrogenase for the higher rate biohydrogen production were attributed to this carbon substrate can enable PSB to maintain the relatively consistent microenvironment in suitable culture pH condition during the optimized photofermentative process.
Changes in Microbial Community and Activities in Continuous Pepper Cropping Soil After a Trichoderma Hamatum MHT1134 Application
Authors: Mao Tingting , Jiang Xuanli 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
To clarify the control effects of strain MHT1134 on Fusarium wilt in continuous pepper cropping fields and its regulatory effects on soil microecology, the physical and chemical properties, enzyme activities, community structures of soil samples from five field types were analysed. Samples were taken from fields in their 1st, 5th and 9th planting years, and at 1 and 2 years after the application of strain MHT1134 in 9th planting year field. The MHT1134 control effects on pepper wilt after 1 and 2 years were 63.03% and 70.21%, respectively. 4 kinds of physical and chemical indexes and 6 kinds of enzyme activities in soil were increased. With the continuous cropping years increased, the microbial abundance and diversity decreasing significantly. The relative abundances of Fusarium, Gibberella increased along with the planting years, but decreased after the MHT11134 application. However, the relative abundances of Trichoderma and Chaetomium significantly increased. Additionally, as the cropping years increased, the soil abundance of Actinobacteria gradually decreased, but it significantly increased from 17.56% to 22.44% after the MHT1134 application. Thus, strain MHT1134 effectively improved the microbial community structure of the soil, and it also positively affected soil quality. A continuous application may improve the control effect.
Measurement of Calcaneal Angles and Its Clinical Significance in Han Chinese Adults in Northwest China
Authors: Dong Xianghui , Jin ZhanKui , Sun ZhengMing , Chen Jing , Chang YanHai , Ling Ming 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objective

We aimed to investigate differences in and trends of normal calcaneal angles among Han Chinese adults from different age groups to establish normal reference ranges of calcaneal angles in these age groups, thereby providing a theoretical basis and morphological reference for the treatment of calcaneal fractures.
Methods

We collected lateral plain radiographs (X-ray) of the normal ankle joints of 6,260 Han Chinese adults who visited the Radiology Department of Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital between November 2008 and December 2020 to measure the calcaneal angles, including the Böhler angle (BA), Gissane angle (GA), calcaneal pitch angle (CPA), posterior facet inclination angle (PFIA), and calcaneal-tibial angle (CTA). On this basis, we analyzed the calcaneal angles in different age groups to summarize the characteristics of normal calcaneal angles in Han Chinese adults.
Results

According to the lateral plain radiographs of the normal ankle joints of 6,260 (male: 3,380; female: 2,880) adults (mean age: 46.3 ± 18.2 ), the mean values of the BA, GA, CPA, PFIA, and CTA were 33.17° ± 6.08°, 114.99° ± 8.17°, 25.67° ± 4.72°, 64.35° ± 8.51°, and 91.59° ± 11.57°, respectively. Results of the Pearson correlation analysis suggested negative correlations between age and both BA and PFIA (P < 0.01, respectively) but a lack of correlation between age and the GA, CPA or CTA (P > 0.05, respectively). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the least significant difference (LSD) test showed that at above the age of 18, there were statistically significant differences both in the BA between different age groups and in the PFIA between different age groups above 41 years old.
Conclusion

In Han Chinese adults, there are significant differences in BA and PFIA between different age groups, with these calcaneal angles exhibiting a trend of decrease with age.
A Novel Error Compensation Method of Five-axis Flank Milling of Ruled Surface by Modifying Tool Path
Authors: He Gaiyun , Yao Chenglin , Sang Yicun , Yan Yichen 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Five-axis flank milling is widely used in the aerospace and automotive industry. However, diverse sources of errors prevent the improvement of machining accuracy. This paper proposes a novel error compensation method for five-axis flank milling of ruled surface by modifying the original tool path according to the error distribution model. The method contains three steps: First, the errors at the middle of the straight generatrix on the machined surface are calculated according to error distribution, and the corresponding normal vectors are obtained by geometric calculation. Second, multi-peaks Gaussian fitting method is utilized to make connections between parameters in the original tool path and error distribution. Finally, the new tool path is generated by adjusting original tool path. Machining experiments are performed to test the effectiveness of the proposed error compensation method. The error distribution after compensation shows that the average error decreases 74%, and the maximum error (contains overcutting and undercutting) decreases 26%. Results show that the proposed error compensation method is effective to improve the accuracy for five-axis flank milling.
Analysis of Vibration Reduction Mechanism for Variable-pitch End Mills in Hardened Steel
Authors: Nie Wanying , Zheng Minli , Yu Haibin , Xu Shicheng , Liu Yuexiu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The development of the machining technology is restricted by the problems of serious vibration and low system stability. The variable-pitch mill has certain vibration reduction property due to the unequal pitch angles. In this work, firstly, according to the features of the structure of the variable-pitch end mill, the cutting mechanism is analyzed, and a theoretical model of the dynamic cutting force is developed. Secondly, the cutting force coefficients of the model are determined based on the test of hardened steel for verifying the significance of the theoretical model. Then, the time-frequency characteristics and vibration reduction mechanism of variable-pitch mills are analyzed. The frequency characteristics of different types of pitch angle mills are also explored by the spectrum analysis. Finally, based on the energy and variance methods of the amplitude, the multi-objective optimization of the pitch angle is carried out, where the spectrum lines are found evenly distributed, and the optimal result is 80°-97°-100°-83°. For satisfying the machining requirements, the pitch angle of the variable-pitch end mill is reasonably selected to reduce the amplitude of the forced vibration, which can play an important role in reducing the vibration of the tool and improving its cutting stability.
Serosurvey of hepatitis A virus and E virus infection among municipal sweepers working in the largest city in the south of Iran
Authors: Sarvari Jamal , Hosseini Seyed Younes , Joharinia Negar , Hosseini Seyed Ali , Ghahestani Saeed Firoozi , Ghojoghi Rozita , Dorost Kourosh , Moghadami Mohsen , Gheshlaghi Abolfazl , Jaberi Omid , Khoshbakht Rohollah 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background

Given the importance of Hepatitis A (HAV) and Hepatitis E (HEV) infection in careers like street sweeping, this study was conducted to determine the exposure rate in urban solid waste collectors/sweepers in the south of Iran.
Materials and methods

In this cross-sectional study, the sera samples of 385 waste collectors/sweepers from all districts of Shiraz, southern Iran, were collected. A questionnaire was used to gather data on their demographic and occupational characteristics, as well as their awareness of viral hepatitis disease. The rate of HAV and HEV sero-prevalence was determined by commercial ELISA kits.
Results

All partisans were male with a mean age of 41 ± 8 years. ELISA assay showed that all of participants were positive for anti-HAV Ab. Moreover, 62out of 385 (16.1%) subjects were positive for anti-HEV IgG Ab. Also, statistical analysis showed that the frequency of IgG Ab against HEV among the age group of 20–30, 31–40, 41–50 and over 50 years old was 4.5%, 10.1%, 17.4%, and 36.7% that was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Based on the work experience, current and previous jobs, residency, personal hygiene and knowledge status of hepatitis disease and transmission, the results showed that there was no statistically significant difference between anti-HEV positive and negative sweepers (p˃0.05).
Conclusion

Our results indicated that the frequency of anti-HAV and HEV IgG among sweepers is slightly higher than the normal population; it does not seem that garbage collecting/sweeping career could be a significant risk factor for HAV and HEV infection.
Blockchain Based Intelligent Incentive Enabled Information Sharing Scheme in Future Generation IoV Networks
Authors: Alam Intyaz , Kumar Sushil , Kumar Manoj , Kashyap Pankaj Kumar 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
With the advancement of vehicle’s traffic information processing and communication capability in Internet of Vehicle (IoV) network widely used for the vehicle-to- infrastructure transportation communication. Firstly, the protection of the user’s (vehicles) privacy at the time of information sharing and secondly, users lack the motivation to share the traffic information with roadside units (RSUs) are two major concerns in the IoV networks. In this regard, we propose a novel adaptive neuro-fuzzy based payment using blockchain (ANFPB) transportation communication scheme that not only motivates users to take participate in the information sharing problems with the payment mechanism but also allows users to anonymously share the traffic information with RSU in the IoV network. Meanwhile, a smart contract is presented to generate pseudonyms to share the traffic information anonymously in a non-trustful IoV network. Also, an algorithm ANFPB is presented for the evaluation of payment based on location, timeline, and quality of information shared by the vehicles. Finally, the extensive simulation analysis shows that the proposed ANFPB is more efficient in terms of preserving privacy and computational costs as compared to state-of-the-art schemes.
Tauber antegrade sclerotherapy: the importance of phlebography in choosing the correct vein.
Authors: Guida Edoardo , Boscarelli Alessandro , Duci Miriam , Ceschiutti Giulia , Schleef Jurgen 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Tauber antegrade sclerotherapy can be considered an established procedure for the treatment of varicocele in pediatric age. Herein, we share our experience with this technique and its tricks. The choice of the spermatic vein should be very accurate during the Tauber procedure, and a correct intraoperative phlebography is mandatory to avoid complications.
Unrestricted Social Interaction: Underappreciated Cause of COVID 19 Surge
Authors: Patel Jayendrakumar , Parikh Shalin , Patel Rakesh , Patel Shwetaben , Patel Ronak , Patel Payalben , Patel Ankita 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
India had the worst conditions during the second wave, and yet, its cause for the enormous spike of COVID-19 cases in short time span remains unexplained. We retrospectively studied the comparative secondary attack rate, incidence proportion rate and extent of unrestricted social interactions’ contribution between the first and second wave of COVID-19 to decipher what caused the second wave's enormous spike in COVID-19 cases. We found that the unrestricted social interaction accounted equally, i.e., >42% of all COVID-19 cases in the both waves. Overall secondary attack rate rose 58% in the second wave's, among which, we find increment of 2.5-fold and 88% for the age group <10 years and >50years, respectively, while it remains stable in the age group 10-50years. We find significantly higher incidence proportion rate, ~39%, in household size of two- and three members in the second wave while it was significant in household size of four or more members in the first wave. We anticipated that changes in the pattern of unrestricted social interaction amongst household members escalated the secondary attack rate and higher incidence proportion rate even in two members family size could lead to the unprecedented surge of COVID-19 cases in the second wave.
Novel Universal Phenomena of Single Slit, Double Slit, Cross-double Slit and Triple Slit Experiments --- Curved Patterns and Orientation-Dependence of Patterns
Authors: peng hui 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Young’s double slit experiments express the mystery of quantum mechanics. To explore the mystery, varieties of the double slit and cross-double slit experiments were performed. In this article, we show novel universal phenomena: (1) the fringes of the interference patterns of the double slit/cross-double slit/triple slit experiments can be distributed along curves, and the curvatures depend on the orientations of the diaphragms; (2) the characteristics of the interference patterns of the double slit/cross-double slit/triple slit experiments depend on the orientation of the diaphragm, specifically, on which axis the diaphragm rotates around, the rotating angle and how to rotate, clockwise or counterclockwise; and (3) in the cross-double slit experiments, the interference patterns created by the tilt double slits tend to incline towards the axis that is perpendicular to the axis the diaphragm rotates around. The single slit experiments have the same phenomena that, due to the rotation of the diaphragm around different axis, either the patterns are curved or the patterns expanded. We show the novel universal phenomena of the single slit/double slit/cross-double slit/triple slit experiments, which may be utilized in the applications of, for example, the double slit.