bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring predoctoral dental student use of YouTube as a learning tool for clinical endodontic procedures
Authors: Fu Min‐Wen , Kalaichelvan Anusha , Liebman Lauren S. , Burns Lorel E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPurpose/objectivesThe goal of the present study was to examine perceived barriers to achieving clinical competence in endodontics and explain how YouTube is used to supplement formal education in this discipline.MethodsPostgraduate endodontic students conducted focus groups with fourth‐year dental students at NYU College of Dentistry. The discussion was facilitated by a semistructured interview guide. Open‐ended questions about participants’ perceived barriers to clinical competency in endodontics, experiences using YouTube to learn about clinical endodontics, and preferences for video format learning were asked. Demographic information was gathered. Thematic analysis of data was conducted and data collection was terminated once saturation was achieved.ResultsThirty fourth‐year dental students were enrolled in the study. The majority, 96.7%, reported using YouTube as a learning tool for dental procedures and 83.3% to learn about endodontics, specifically. The following domains were explored during data analysis: barriers to clinical competency, YouTube uses/experiences, and content preferences. The following themes within barriers to clinical competency were identified: psychological, educational, and clinical. Within the YouTube domain, the following themes were examined: goals of use, timing and frequency of use, search strategies, benefit/ shortcomings of YouTube, and validity of content. Students primarily used YouTube to enhance confidence and understand procedural flow.ConclusionYouTube videos were primarily used to help students overcome perceived educational and psychological barriers that resulted in gaps in confidence and knowledge of performing endodontic procedures. Dental students placed high value on easily accessible video content of limited duration, where clinical procedures were performed on live patients.
Scoping review of artificial intelligence and immersive digital tools in dental education
Authors: Saghiri Mohammad Ali , Vakhnovetsky Julia , Nadershahi Nader 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this scoping review is to examine artificial intelligence (AI) and virtual teaching models within the context of dental education, establish methods to address the resources being investigated, and ultimately augment this approach for future scientific research.MethodsTo evaluate the applications of AI and immersive technology, a scoping literature review was conducted using the Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library database from the years 2018 to May 19, 2021. Additionally, a manual search was completed. The search strategy was formulated according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA‐ScR) guidelines. Studies that addressed the current uses of virtual devices and their revolutionary potential in dental education were categorized separately for further evaluation.Results Of the 2500 articles found in our initial search results, 31 articles met the inclusion criteria set for this review. The selected studies were directly related to AI and immersive tools in dental education.ConclusionTo our knowledge, there are very few comprehensive literature reviews identifying the applications and efficacy of virtual and AI‐driven tools in dental education. With limited verifiable evidence, an improved understanding of virtual and AI domains is needed to enable dental students to adapt to changes within and beyond their dental training education. To increase the scientific value of digital‐related research, the scientific community must quickly define guidelines to enhance methodological approaches in order to effectively digitalize dentistry.
Prenatal exposure to α‐pinine improves reflexive motor behaviours in mice offspring
Authors: Elahinia Ali , Hassanpour Shahin , Asghari Ahmad , Khaksar Ehssan 
Published: December 2021

Abstractα‐pinene is a well‐known compound representative of the monoterpenes group with a wide range of pharmacological activities. This article aims to determine effects of the prenatal exposure to α‐pinene on reflexive motor behaviours in mice offspring. Forty pregnant female NMRI mice (8–10 weeks old) were allocated into four groups. Group 1 served as control and groups 2–4 were intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected α‐pinene (0.1, 0.5 and 1 mg/kg) on 5, 8, 11, 14 and 17 days of gestation (GD). The control group was injected with saline at the same days. Following delivery, 20 pups from each litter were selected and reflexive motor behaviours determined using ambulation, hindlimb foot angle, surface righting, hindlimb strength, grip strength, front‐limb suspension and negative geotaxis tests. Based on the findings of the present study, maternal exposure to α‐pinene increased ambulation score, hind‐limb suspension score, grip strength, front‐limb suspension compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Also, prenatal exposure to α‐pinene decreased surface righting, hind‐limb foot angle and negative geotaxis in mice offspring compared with the control group (P < 0.05). α‐pinene (0.1, 0.5 and 1 mg/kg) decreased blood MDA and increased SOD and GPx levels in mice offspring (P < 0.05). These results suggested α‐pinene exposure during pregnancy has positive effect on reflexive motor behaviours in mice offspring possibly due to its antioxidant properties.
In Vivo Absolute Metabolite Quantification Using a Multiplexed ERETIC‐RX Array Coil for Whole‐Brain MR Spectroscopic Imaging
Authors: Thapa Bijaya , Mareyam Azma , Stockmann Jason , Strasser Bernhard , Keil Boris , Hoecht Philipp , Carp Stefan A. , Li Xianqi , Wang Zhe , Chang Yulin V. , Dietrich Jorg , Uhlmann Erik , Cahill Daniel P. , Batchelor Tracy , Wald Lawrence , Andronesi Ovidiu C. 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundAbsolute quantification of metabolites in MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) requires a stable reference signal of known concentration. The Electronic REference To access In vivo Concentrations (ERETIC) has shown great promise but has not been applied in patients and 3D MRSI. ERETIC hardware has not been integrated with receive arrays due to technical challenges, such as coil combination and unwanted coupling between multiple ERETIC and receive channels, for which we developed mitigation strategies.PurposeTo develop absolute quantification for whole‐brain MRSI in glioma patients.Study TypeProspective.PopulationFive healthy volunteers and three patients with isocitrate dehydrogenase mutant glioma (27% female). Calibration and coil loading phantoms.Field Strength/SequenceA 3 T; Adiabatic spin‐echo spiral 3D MRSI with real‐time motion correction, Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery (FLAIR), Gradient Recalled Echo (GRE), Multi‐echo Magnetization Prepared Rapid Acquisition of Gradient Echo (MEMPRAGE).AssessmentAbsolute quantification was performed for five brain metabolites (total N‐acetyl‐aspartate [NAA]/creatine/choline, glutamine + glutamate, myo‐inositol) and the oncometabolite 2‐hydroxyglutarate using a custom‐built 4x‐ERETIC/8x‐receive array coil. Metabolite quantification was performed with both EREIC and internal water reference methods. ERETIC signal was transmitted via optical link and used to correct coil loading. Inductive and radiative coupling between ERETIC and receive channels were measured.Statistical TestsERETIC and internal water methods for metabolite quantification were compared using Bland–Altman (BA) analysis and the nonparametric Mann–Whitney test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsERETIC could be integrated in receive arrays and inductive coupling dominated (5–886 times) radiative coupling. Phantoms show proportional scaling of the ERETIC signal with coil loading. The BA analysis demonstrated very good agreement (3.3% ± 1.6%) in healthy volunteers, while there was a large difference (36.1% ± 3.8%) in glioma tumors between metabolite concentrations by ERETIC and internal water quantification.ConclusionOur results indicate that ERETIC integrated with receive arrays and whole‐brain MRSI is feasible for brain metabolites quantification. Further validation is required to probe that ERETIC provides more accurate metabolite concentration in glioma patients.Evidence Level2Technical EfficacyStage 1
High neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio at intensive care unit admission is associated with nutrition risk in patients with COVID‐19
Authors: Martins Paula M. , Gomes Tatyanne L. N. , Franco Emanoelly P. , Vieira Liana L. , Pimentel Gustavo D. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundInflammation plays a crucial role in nutrition status and can be useful in early nutrition risk screening of patients during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. Thus, this study aimed to assess the association between systemic inflammatory markers and nutrition risk tools in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with COVID‐19.MethodsPatients with confirmed COVID‐19 and ICU admission were enrolled in a retrospective, observational, cross‐sectional study. The medians of C‐reactive protein (CRP; ≥13.8 mg/dl) and the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR; ≥12.6) upon admission were used to dichotomize patients.ResultsOf the 73 patients, 63% were men; the average age was 56 years, and the median length of hospital stay was 10 (25th: 4; 75th: 17) days. When nutrition risk screening tools were used, 85% were at risk according to Nutritional Risk Screening (≥3 points), whereas 42% had high risk according to the Modified Nutrition Risk in the Critically Ill (mNUTRIC; ≥5 points), and 57% were moderately or severely malnourished according to the Subjective Global Assessment (B or C). Mortality was higher in the group with NLR ≥12.6 than in the group with NLR <12.6, with no difference between CRP groups. A significant association was found only between NLR and mNUTRIC, even when adjusted by sex, age, and body mass index (odds ratio, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.06–1.76; P = 0.016), but not between CRP and nutrition risk.ConclusionAlthough the inflammatory marker CRP is the most used in hospital clinical practice, we found that only NLR was associated with nutrition risk (NUTRIC score).
Prevalence, extent, and severity of periodontitis among Australian older adults: Comparison of two generations
Authors: Ju Xiangqun , Harford Jane , Luzzi Liana , Jamieson Lisa M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundChronic periodontitis is highly prevalent among older adults. The study aimed to compare periodontal disease among Australian older adults in two generations. We hypothesized that the prevalence and severity of periodontitis would decrease from the previous generation to the recent generation.MethodsData were obtained from the South Australian Dental Longitudinal Study (SADLS) in 1991 to 1992 (SADLS I) and 2013 to 2014 (SADLS II); population‐based longitudinal surveys of Australian older adults aged ≥60 years. American Academy of Periodontology, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (AAP/CDC), and the 2018 European Federation of Periodontology (EFP/AAP) classification case definitions were used to define and calculate prevalence of chronic periodontitis. Multivariable log‐Poisson regression models were used to identify risk indicators for severe periodontitis after adjusting for other covariates.ResultsThere were a total of 801 and 355 participants that underwent a periodontal exam in SADLS I and II, respectively. The prevalence of severe periodontitis was higher in the recent generation (88% and 56%) than the previous generation (75% and 46.7%) under the CDC/AAP and EFP/AAP case definitions, respectively. The mean number of missing teeth was lower in the recent generation (6) than the previous generation (13). The prevalence ratio of severe periodontitis was around two times higher in the younger age group, men, those not born in Australia, and current smokers across both generations.ConclusionsOur findings indicated that the recent generation of older adults has higher prevalence and severity of chronic periodontitis than the previous generation. Our findings indicated that aging, being male, born overseas, low household income, no dental insurance, and being a current smoker are significant risk factors associated with severe periodontitis among older Australians.
Comparative analysis in different organs and tissue‐specific metabolite profiling of Atractylodes lancea from four regions by GC–MS and laser microdissection
Authors: Xu Rui , Lu Jimei , Wu Junxian , Yu Daqing , Chu Shanshan , Guan Fengya , Liu Weiwei , Hu Jianpeng , Peng Huasheng , Zha Liangping 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTraditional Chinese medicine is made from the rhizome of Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC. (Compositae), known as Cangzhu. In this study, gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry was used to identify and quantify the volatile oils of different organs of A. lancea from four regions of China: Jiangsu, Anhui, Henan, and Hubei provinces. The volatile oils of A. lancea were qualitatively and quantitatively characterized using gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry combined with laser microdissection. The results identified 21 components in A. lancea, the majority of the components were found in the rhizomes, followed by the fibrous roots, flowers, leaves, and stems. According to the contents of volatile oils in A. lancea, it was divided into Dabieshan (mainly includes hinesol and β‐eudesmol) and Maoshan types (mainly includes atractylon and atractylodin), and the ratios of hinesol:β‐eudesmol:atractylon:atractylodin were 17.06:4.55:0:1, 12.66:11.71:0.99:1, 7.43:6.23:0:1, and 0.13:0.16:1.52:1 in A. lancea from AH, HN, HB, and JS, respectively. Tissue‐specific study indicated that Dabieshan type mainly includes elemol, hinesol, and β‐eudesmol in the periderm and secretory cavities of A. lancea, whereas Maoshan type mainly includes atractylon, atractylodin, little hinesol, and β‐eudesmol in the secretory cavities. Conversely, no volatile oils were detected in the cortex, phloem, xylem, vascular ray, or pith. This study provides a foundation for further evaluation and utilization of A. lancea.
Quantifying the errors in animal contacts recorded by proximity loggers
Authors: Ossi Federico , Focardi Stefano , Tolhurst Bryony A. , Picco Gian Pietro , Murphy Amy L. , Molteni Davide , Giannini Noemi , Gaillard Jean‐Michel , Cagnacci Francesca 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAutomated contact detection by means of proximity loggers permits the measurement of encounters between individuals (animal‐animal contacts) and the time spent by individuals in the proximity of a focal resource of interest (animal‐fixed logger contacts). The ecological inference derived from contact detection is intrinsically associated with the distance at which the contact occurred. But no proximity loggers currently exist that record this distance and therefore all distance estimations are associated with error. Here we applied a probabilistic approach to model the relationship between contact detection and inter‐logger distance, and quantify the associated error, on free‐ranging animals in semi‐controlled settings. The probability of recording a contact declined with the distance between loggers, and this decline was steeper for weaker radio transmission powers. Even when proximity loggers were adjacent, contact detection was not guaranteed, irrespective of the radio transmission power. Accordingly, the precision and sensitivity of the system varied as a function of inter‐logger distance, radio transmission power, and experimental setting (e.g., depending on animal body mass and fine‐scale movements). By accounting for these relationships, we were able to estimate the probability that a detected contact occurred at a certain distance, and the probability that contacts were missed (i.e., false negatives). These calibration exercises have the potential to improve the predictability of the study and enhance the applicability of proximity loggers to key wildlife management issues such as disease transmission rates or wildlife use of landscape features and resources.
Gingerol ameliorates neuronal damage induced by hypoxia‐reoxygenation via the miR‐210/brain‐derived neurotrophic factor axis
Authors: Zhai Yang , Liu Bu‐Gu , Mo Xue‐Ni , Zou Min , Mei Xiao‐Ping , Chen Wei , Huang Guo‐Dong , Wu Lin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe specific mechanism of gingerol in cerebral ischemia remains unknown. A neuroprotective function for miR‐210 in cerebral ischemia has been identified. The brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)‐mediated signaling pathway protects against cerebral ischemic injury. This investigation aimed to determine whether gingerol plays a neuroprotective role in cerebral ischemia via the miR‐210/BDNF axis. N2a cells subjected to 10 h of hypoxia and 4 h of reoxygenation were treated with 5, 10, or 20 μmol/L gingerol. The levels of viability, apoptosis, and proteins in N2a cells were determined using MTT assays, flow cytometry, and western blotting, respectively. The binding relationship between BDNF and miR‐210 was studied using a dual luciferase reporter assay. The expression levels of miR‐210 and BDNF were determined using qPCR. Gingerol repressed the increase in apoptosis and decrease in viability observed in response to hypoxia/reoxygenation. Gingerol increased Bcl‐2, BDNF, and TrkB levels and reduced Bax and cleaved caspase 3 levels after hypoxia/reoxygenation. Gingerol evoked decreased expression of miR‐210. Inhibition of miR‐210 resulted in increased viability and reduced apoptosis along with increased levels of Bcl‐2, BDNF, and TrkB and reduced levels of Bax and cleaved caspase 3 after hypoxia/reoxygenation. Additionally, the miR‐210 mimic reversed changes induced by gingerol. The cotransfection of the miR‐210 mimic and wild type BDNF led to decreased luciferase activity. BDNF was negatively regulated by miR‐210. BDNF siRNA reversed these changes evoked by miR‐210 inhibition. Gingerol ameliorated hypoxia/reoxygenation‐stimulated neuronal damage by regulating the miR‐210/BDNF axis, indicating that gingerol is worthy of further application in cerebral ischemia therapy.
Introduction of a novel telescopic pathway to streamline 2‐week‐wait suspected head and neck cancer referrals and improve efficiency: A prospective service evaluation
Authors: Metcalfe Christopher , Dogan Mehmet , Glazzard Nina , Ross Elizabeth , George Ajith 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis study summarizes the introduction of a novel telescopic pathway, which streamlines 2‐week‐wait suspected head and neck cancer referrals to our unit, describes the logistics of the pathway, and analyzes referral numbers and outcomes. We also discuss wider issues surrounding remote assessment in head and neck cancer.MethodsData were collected prospectively between January and May 2021, capturing all 2‐week‐wait referrals to our unit following the introduction of a telescopic pathway which utilized a nurse‐led clinic for nasendoscopic examination of selected patients and consultant‐led remote assessment using store and forward technology. Information on referral numbers, waiting times and outcomes was recorded.ResultsThree hundred and forty (185 high risk, 155 low risk) patients entered the telescopic pathway with the remaining 74 patients seen on the conventional standard of care pathway. Cancer conversion rates were 17%, <1%, and 5.4% for the high‐risk telescopic, low‐risk telescopic and standard of care pathways respectively. No patients discharged from the telescopic pathway were re‐referred within 3 months. Review capacity for endoscopic examination was higher per consultant on the telescopic pathway versus the standard of care (p = .01).ConclusionA combination of risk stratification and asynchronous telescopic assessment shows promise for the management of suspected head and neck cancer referrals. Potential benefits include consultant‐led care for all patients and enhanced documentation. Digital communication with patients may also assist with adherence to the new NHS 28‐day diagnostic standard for cancer referrals. Ongoing data collection is required to assess how the pathway functions over a longer period.Level of Evidence2c
On regularity of weak solutions for the Navier–Stokes equations in general domains
Authors: Duong V. T. T. , Khai D. Q. , Tri N. M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLet u be a weak solution of the instationary Navier–Stokes equations in a completely general domain which additionally satisfies the strong energy inequality. Firstly, we prove that u is regular if the kinetic energy is left‐side Hölder continuous with Hölder exponent and with a sufficiently small Hölder seminorm. This result extends the previous ones by several authors [5, 6, 7, 8] in which the domain Ω is additionally supposed to be bounded or have the uniform C2‐boundary . Secondly, we show that if and for all with a sufficiently small positive constant C then u is regular in [0, T). Our proofs use the theory about the existence of local strong solutions and uniqueness arguments in the general domain.
Classical solutions to a Hartree type system
Authors: Le Phuong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper is concerned with positive classical solutions to the nonlocal system of Hartree type
where and . We prove that the system has no positive solution if , and . We also classify all positive solutions to the system in the critical case . The main tool we use is the method of moving spheres in integral forms. Our results can be seen as the Hartree type counterpart of the classical work “D. G. de Figueiredo and P. L. Felmer, A Liouville‐type theorem for elliptic systems, Ann. Scuola Norm. Sup. Pisa Cl. Sci. (4) 21 (1994), 387–397”.
Thermoactive Smart Electrospun Nanofibers
Authors: Liguori Anna , Pandini Stefano , Rinoldi Chiara , Zaccheroni Nelsi , Pierini Filippo , Focarete Maria Letizia , Gualandi Chiara 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe recent burst of research on smart materials is a clear evidence of the growing interest of the scientific community, industry, and society in the field. The exploitation of the great potential of stimuli‐responsive materials for sensing, actuation, logic, and control applications is favored and supported by new manufacturing technologies, such as electrospinning, that allows to endow smart materials with micro‐ and nanostructuration, thus opening up additional and unprecedented prospects. In this wide and lively scenario, this article systematically reviews the current advances in the development of thermoactive electrospun fibers and textiles, sorting them, according to their response to the thermal stimulus. Hence, several platforms including thermoresponsive systems, shape memory polymers, thermo‐optically responsive systems, phase change materials, thermoelectric materials, and pyroelectric materials, are described and critically discussed. The difference in active species and outputs of the aforementioned categories is highlighted, evidencing the transversal nature of temperature stimulus. Moreover, the potential of novel thermoactive materials are pointed out, revealing how their development could take to utmost interesting achievements.