bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating Composting as a Mitigation Strategy for Climate Change Using a Modelling Approach
Authors: Ramasamy Coolen Preeya Vijayalakshmee , Makoondlall-Chadee Toshima , Bokhoree Chandradeo , Foogooa Ravi 
Published: October 2021

The waste management sector accounts for 19% of greenhouse gases produced by the island of Mauritius, and is second to the energy sector which contributes about 77% of total emissions. Significant mitigating measures are being sought to reduce the impact of the waste sector. The main greenhouse gas produced from waste in Mauritius is methane from landfill disposal. Among the different alternate waste management scenarios proposed, home composting is one strategy to achieve carbon reductions in the sector. However, this target can only be achieved if the composting process is properly controlled. Objectively, a lumped parameter model was used to analyse the set of variation parameters to achieve greatest reduction in methane through optimal composting. The composting matrix was modelled as a point source. Mass balance equations were coupled with heat transport equations and reaction kinetics equations to determine the optimal set of parameters for efficient composting of yard waste and kitchen waste. The simulations demonstrated that bulking of vegetable waste prior to composting is required to prevent production of methane.
A Case of Multiple Perineuriomas in the Colon With Underlying Neurofibromatosis Type I
Authors: Tsuchiya Tomoaki , Iwaya Yugo , Iwaya Mai , Okamura Takuma , Nagaya Tadanobu , Umemura Takeji 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
A 45-year-old woman was referred to us after a positive fecal occult blood test. Colonoscopy revealed a 20-mm polyp in the transverse colon and a 10-mm polyp in the sigmoid colon. Endoscopic mucosal resection was performed as a diagnostic treatment. Both resected polyps were histologically diagnosed as perineuriomas. She was later found to exhibit multiple café-au-lait spots on the skin and subsequently diagnosed as having neurofibromatosis type I (NF-1). Perineuriomas are rare benign peripheral nerve sheath tumors, with no reports of multiple colonic lesions in a patient with NF-1 to date. NF-1 might be associated with the onset of multiple perineuriomas.
Extralaryngeal branching of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. Autopsy case series
Authors: Kuprin Aleksandr A. , Malyuga Viktor Y. , Britvin Timur A. , Abuladze Ivan O. 
Published: October 2021

Background. The thesis «thyroid surgery is the surgery of the recurrent laryngeal nerve», which was defined in the XX ­century, remains relevant to this day. Thus, despite the use of modern scientific and technological achievements, vocal cord paresis is diagnosed on average in 9.8% patients after thyroid and parathyroid surgery.According to many authors, the main problem which a surgeon encounters is a difficult and sometimes individual anatomy of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. For example, in one study authors identified 28 variants of relationships between the ­recurrent laryngeal nerve and the inferior thyroid artery. In a recent meta-analysis, it was noted that the frequency of extralaryngeal branching remains underestimated and reaches 73% of cases. Anatomical variants of the recurrent laryngeal nerve or its thin branches, which have not been noticed in time, can lead to inevitable consequences — to nerve injury and a laryngeal dysfunctions, and if anatomical features are not detected on both sides — to a tragedy.Aim. The aim of this study is to determine anatomical variants of the extralaryngeal branches of the recurrent laryngeal nerve and their frequency in autopsy case series.Materials and methods. 46 (100%) recurrent laryngeal nerves were dissected in 23 cadavers. Their path was traced, their relationships with the inferior thyroid artery were determined, and the extralaryngeal branches of the recurrent laryngeal nerve were identified.Results. Few extralaryngeal branches of the recurrent laryngeal nerve were identified during dissection: tracheoesophageal branches, laryngeal branches, aberrant branches. Tracheoesophageal branches were determined in all cadavers. In 37 (80.4%) cases the recurrent laryngeal nerve had got two or more extralaryngeal laryngeal branches. In 6 (13.0%) cases aberrant branches were presented.The inferior thyroid artery was detected in 42 (91.3%) cases. The vessel was in close location with the recurrent laryngeal nerve, forming a neuro-arterial chiasm. In 39.1% of cases the recurrent laryngeal nerve was located between the branches of the inferior thyroid artery, in 39.1% of cases — deeper than the artery, and in 10.9% of cases — more superficial than the artery.Conclusion. The variable anatomical configuration of the recurrent laryngeal nerve inevitably causes difficulties during intraoperative nerve dissection. Tardy identification of these anatomical features can lead to the injury of nerves or its branches, which determines the amount of postoperative vocal cord paresis.
THE EFFECT OF FINANCIAL DISTRESS, COMPANY SIZE, AND PREVIOUS YEAR’S AUDIT OPINION ON GOING CONCERN AUDIT OPINION OF TEXTILE AND GARMENT SUB SECTOR COMPANIES
Authors: Setyawati Dyah Mieta 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
Going concern audit opinion is an audit opinion that given by the auditors when they have doubts about the company's ability to sustain its business. The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of financial distress, company size, and the previous year’s audit opinion on going concern audit opinion. The data used is secondary data of textile and garment sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The sampling method used was purposive sampling method. The samples used were 15 companies in the textile and garment sub-sector with the 2016-2019 research period. The analysis technique used was the modified Altman method and logistic regression analysis with the help of SPSS version 26. The results of the analysis show that financial distress and the previous year's audit opinion have an effect on going-concern audit opinion. Meanwhile, company size has no effect on going concern audit opinion. And the overall results show that financial distress, company size, and previous year's affect on going concern audit opinion.
Asia’s Chemical Distribution Market: The final Frontier for Mergers and Acquisitions!
Authors: Bee Tay Kin 
Published: October 2021

The chemical distribution business had undergone huge transformational changes globally, through mergers and acquisitions, by both strategic buyers and private equity firms. The industry consolidation process in Europe and North America which started many years ago is now being shifted to Asia. There is very little research being done on Asia’s chemical distribution market size and the major chemical distributors. Asia’s chemical industry enjoyed tremendously high growth in the past years, and coupled with the highly fragmented chemical marketplace, it offers huge scope for consolidation. The lack of information and clarity in Asia’s chemical distribution sector has somewhat impeded the pace of the consolidation process. A clearer knowledge of the chemical distribution market size, and the key players in the market, itself would help potential investors enormously in their decision making to expedite the mergers and acquisitions process.
The research findings can serve as a compass for potential investors to navigate through Asia when searching out for potential targets and would offer investors a much-needed informational tool to know where to look to invest in. Literature review on existing publications, chemical industry trade publications, and chemical distribution associations will provide the background information for this research.
Auf der Suche nach der Zeit als narratologische Analysekategorie. Mit Beispielen aus der setsuwa-Literatur
Authors: Balmes Sebastian 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
There are three levels on which time is constitutive for narrative discourse: a) without time events as well as the story world cannot be conceived; b) time is needed to tell a story; c) the recipient of a narrative text makes temporal connections by recalling something that happened earlier in the story or the way in which something has been told, or by wondering how the narrative will continue. An examination of these levels shows, however, that the underlying time concepts or temporalities differ significantly. In most narratological studies, the focus lies on the relationship between ‘narrated time’ and ‘narrating time’ (Günther Müller, “Die Bedeutung der Zeit in der Erzählkunst,” 1947), pertaining to what Gérard Genette (“Discours du récit,” 1972) has systematized under the categories of ‘order,’ ‘duration,’ and ‘frequency.’ While a textual analysis based on these concepts may lead to promising results, there are also limitations to this approach. Using examples from Japanese twelfth- to thirteenth-century setsuwa literature, I demonstrate that Meir Sternberg’s (“Telling in Time (II): Chronology, Teleology, Narrativity,” 1992) cognitive theory based on reception and centered around the temporal dynamics of suspense, curiosity, and surprise provides a useful toolkit to make sense of narratives where ‘classical’ theory fails. The application on a tale from Konjaku monogatari shū (24:11) has implications for our understanding of the transmission of the story and allows us to reject one existing theory of the historical development of the tale.
A corpus-driven description of when-adverbial in Nigerian and British Englishes
Authors: Akinlotan Mayowa 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Syntactic alternation allows us to understand how structural variation, including crucial factors relevant to their meaning and interpretation, operates linguistic varieties. Empirical evidence from such syntactic alternation study can provide insights into how new varieties differ from the established ones. The present study aims at increasing contributions that show the nature of syntactic alternation from new Englishes such as Nigerian English, and how they differ from established varieties such as British English. Taking when adverbial construction in Nigerian English as a reference point (When Trump realised his reelection loss, he changed his political expectations versus Trump changed his political expectations when he realised his reelection loss), the study shows the extent to which previously tested factors influence the ordering of the construction and how they differ from findings reported in British English. Relying on corpus data, together with descriptive distributional analysis, the study shows that, unlike British English in which functional and cognitive factors strongly influence structural patterning, functional factors outweigh cognitive factors in Nigerian English.
Women’s letters from the Chilean Nitrate Era: address choice, emotions and patriarchal reciprocity
Authors: Avilés Tania 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article explores how women from the lower ranks of Chilean society mobilized a dynamic address system through affective letter-writing to negotiate their familial position and identity at the end of Chile’s Nitrate Era. Inspired by the third wave in historical sociolinguistics and in dialogue with the glottopolitical perspective, the study foregrounds the interactive nature of ego-documents by analyzing indexical connections between address choice, emotions and unequal gendered relationships between partners. The pragmatic analysis of a set of letters written by women between 1913 and 1928 shows insightful connections between address choice, speech acts, emotions and politeness strategies. By linking textual evidence to the material conditions in which letter-writing is embedded, the article illustrates how women writers negotiated their position and personae within the family structure by inscribing letter-writing in a system of patriarchal reciprocity. This suggests that address choices and the expression of emotions are an index of gendered reciprocal practices that allowed women to preserve their familial structure in the context of industrialization and labor migration.
Locating stylistics in the discipline of English studies: a case study analysis of A.E. Housman’s ‘From Far, from Eve and Morning’
Authors: Goatly Andrew 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Literary stylistics, whose subject matter is literary language, straddles the disciplines of literary criticism and linguistics, as Henry Widdowson pointed out 45 years ago. Since then, developments in discourse analysis and multimodal studies have had the potential to expand the map of the interactions between different disciplines. This case study performs a traditional stylistic analysis of the poem ‘From Far, from Eve and Morning’ from A E Housman’s A Shropshire Lad but also demonstrates the potential for a multimodal perspective on stylistics by relating it to a musical analysis of Vaughan-Williams’ setting of the poem. It begins with a linguistic analysis of phonology, graphology and punctuation, lexis, phrase structure, clause structure and clausal semantics. It proceeds to a discourse analysis of pragmatics and discourse structure. And it ends by relating the linguistic and discoursal analysis to the music through music criticism. By way of conclusion, it suggests that both linguistic analysis and appreciation of musical structure and mood are useful ways into Spitzer’s philological circle, by which linguistic analysis and musical appreciation can pave the way for literary appreciation.
Individual Differences in Frustrative Nonreward Behavior for Sucrose in Rats Predict Motivation for Fentanyl under Progressive Ratio
Authors: Vasquez Tileena E. S. , Shah Poonam , Re Jessica Di , Laezza Fernanda , Green Thomas A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFrustrative nonreward (FN) is a construct in the Negative Valence Systems domain of the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) from the National Institute of Mental Health. An organism’s response to frustrating situations (e.g., inability to obtain an expected reward) has broad implications for a variety of neuropsychiatric conditions, including substance use disorders. The current project developed a first of its kind rat operant behavioral model of FN based loosely on the human Point Subtraction Aggression Paradigm (PSAP). The current study shows that individual differences in FN for sucrose pellets are consistent across sessions at baseline and that the task is sensitive to reward size in male rats. More importantly, high FN behavior for sucrose predicts early “breaking” for intravenous fentanyl self-administration under a progressive ratio (PR) schedule. These results solidify frustration/ FN as an important factor for substance use disorders in addition to craving, impulsivity, and habit.
reliability of the scapular posture and scapular dyskinesis tests in rugby union players
Authors: Singh Vincent , Stokes Keith , Trewartha Grant , McKay Carly 
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVES: To determine the reliability of static scapular posture (SP), clavicular tilt angle (CTA) and the scapular dyskinesis (SD) assessments by expert and student therapists.
DESIGN: inter-rater and intra-rater reliability study.
SETTING: University level male rugby union club
PARTICIPANTS: Four sport rehabilitation students and one experienced physiotherapist evaluated the position of the scapular and clavicle of male university-level rugby union players (inter-rater participants: session 1: n=17, session 2: n=12 and session 3: n=16; intra–rater participants: n = 12).
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURESː Participants attended 3 testing sessions, each 1 week apart. Scapular orientation and motion were assessed in five planes of movement and using the Scapular Dyskinesis Test (SDT) respectively.
RESULTSː Kappa coefficient values and percentage agreement ratings for students compared to the experienced therapist were: SP=poor to fair (-0.01-0.33), (27% - 94%); SDT=slight (0.16) (41%); CTA=fair (0.21) (59%). Test-retest (intra-rater) agreement was fair to moderate (0.22 – 0.44) (69% -95%), slight (0.12) (47%), and fair (0.39) (77%) for the SP, SDT, and CTA, respectively.
CONCLUSIONSː Static and dynamic evaluation of the shoulder by students and an experienced therapist has poor to moderate reliability and should not be used to make clinical decisions based on observation alone.
Legal Personality of an Interpreter in Criminal Proceedings in the Age of Digitalization
Authors: Antonovich E. K. 
Published: October 2021

The importance of digitalization in all industries is increasing, especially since the possibilities of information technologies are obvious. Criminal proceedings are no exception. In criminal proceedings, information technologies are generally used in the production of an investigative action or with the transition of the entire criminal proceedings to an electronic format. Digitalization in criminal proceedings can be caused by the search for the optimal way to increase the efficiency of criminal proceedings and create reliable guarantees for the protection of the rights and freedoms of persons involved in the criminal proceedings, the use of information technologies on a single digital platform in the paradigm of decisions and evidence. Therefore, digitalization can play a certain role in making decisions about the participation of a person in criminal proceedings.The concept of "artificial intelligence (AI)" appeared in the middle of the last century, but it is only now that AI itself and its capabilities became of interest to society. Modern electronic dictionaries and built-in translators have become popular. It seems important to take into account the very nature of digital technologies.The paper is devoted to clarifying the question of whether multi-vector and multi-valued information technologies can replace any participants in criminal proceedings or become one of the conditions for creating a basis for such a participant as a translator to enter the sphere of criminal proceedings. We will analyze not only the legislation and law enforcement practice of the Russian Federation, but also the positive experience of legislation and law enforcement practice of some foreign countries.
The Prevalence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Pregnant Women Referred to Amir al-Mu'minin Hospital of Gerash City, Fars Province, Iran
Authors: Rezaee Elham , Mohammadi Fariba , Boozhmehrani Mohammad Javad , Bagheri Parisa 
Published: October 2021

Background and Aims: The increasing number of pregnant women being diagnosed as having gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and lead health care providers to develop reliable screening protocols and know the exact worldwide epidemiology of the disease. This study seeks to obtain data that will help to improve the epidemiologic knowledge about this disease.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 953 pregnant women seeking routine prenatal screening tests. Participants participate with using Carpenter-Coustan criteria in the study. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software.
Results and Conclusions: Among 953 pregnant women , 38 participants (4%) were detected to have GDM . Fifty percent of patients in the study were overweight .The data showed a significant difference in the mean age between the diabetic and non-diabetic groups. The high prevalence of GDM in young Iranian pregnant women may emphasize the need for early diagnosis and treatment to avoid adverse outcomes associated with GDM.
Effect of Thymol on the Level of Bcl-2 Family Transcript in the Hypertrophied Heart of Rats
Authors: Safari Fatemeh , Atarodi Reza , Jamshidi Hamid Reza 
Published: October 2021

Background and Aims: Long-term surge of heart loads causes cell hypertrophy. Left ventricular hypertrophy is an adaptive response of the heart to pathological stimuli such as hypertension. B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family members play an essential role in this process regulation. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of thymol on the transcription level of Bcl-2 family factors in the rat model of left ventricular hypertrophy.
Materials and Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: 1- Control 2-Untreated hypertrophy (H), 3 and 4 groups which received 25 and 50 mg/kg/day of thymol (H + Tym25 and H + Tym50 groups, respectively). Hypertrophy was induced by abdominal aortic banding, and the real time polymerase chain reaction technique was used for gene expression.
Results: Data showed that in the H group, the mRNA level of the BAD was increased significantly (p ˂ 0.001). However, the transcription level of BAX was increased in the H and H+Tym25 compared with the control group. In the H + Tym50 group, BAX mRNA level decreased significantly compared to the H group (p ˂ 0.05).
Conclusions: Our findings demonstrated that the expression rates of the antiapoptotic factor, Bcl-2, was significantly increased in the H group (p < 0.01) and thymol-treated hypertrophy groups (p < 0.001). Interestingly, the upregulation of Bcl-2 mRNA was statistically significant in the H+Tym50 group compared with H and H + Tym25 groups (p < 0.01). The results showed that thymol could protect heart hypertrophied by increasing the expression of anti-apoptotic factors.
Analysis of Policies for Organizing and Managing Informal Settlements in Iran: A Content Analysis Method
Authors: Poortaheri Naeimeh , Alimohammadzadeh Khalil , Hosseini Seyed Mojtaba , Maher Ali , Bahadori Mohammadkarim 
Published: October 2021

Background: Due to the increasing growth of informal and marginal settlements in Iran, the present study was conducted to analyze the contents of upstream national documents regarding city slum in Iran.
Methods: This qualitative study with content analysis approach was done in 2020. MAXQDA version 12 software and conventional content analysis method was used to analyze the data.
Results: The findings of this study could be classified in two main categories and 11 subcategories. The main categories included the policies related to preventing the creation of slum areas, and policies related to providing service and rehabilitation of slum areas. The 11 subcategories included preventing migration from inner cities to slum areas, poverty alleviation, preserving the rural fabric through the village guide plan, balanced distribution of population with landscaping and land development approach, creating green belts around cities, forced confrontation with illegal constructions in slum areas, impulsive phenomenon of social harms, allocation of state financial facilities to organize informal settlements, renovation of informal settlements, creating satellite towns, and providing primary health care services in the form of health care network system.
Conclusion: Although providing service and rehabilitation of slum areas can play an important role in reducing harm in these areas, policymakers in Iran should be aware of a moral dilemma; since these policies can also encourage the phenomenon of city slum.