bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in autism spectrum disorder: protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled clinical trial
Authors: Enticott Peter G , Barlow Karen , Guastella Adam J , Licari Melissa K , Rogasch Nigel C , Middeldorp Christel M , Clark Scott R , Vallence Ann-Maree , Boulton Kelsie A , Hickie Ian B , Whitehouse Andrew J O , Galletly Cherrie , Alvares Gail A , Fujiyama Hakuei , Heussler Helen , Craig Jeffrey M , Kirkovski Melissa , Mills Natalie T , Rinehart Nicole J , Donaldson Peter H , Ford Talitha C , Caeyenberghs Karen , Albein-Urios Natalia , Bekkali Soukayna , Fitzgerald Paul B 
Published: July 2021

IntroductionThere are no well-established biomedical treatments for the core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A small number of studies suggest that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), a non-invasive brain stimulation technique, may improve clinical and cognitive outcomes in ASD. We describe here the protocol for a funded multicentre randomised controlled clinical trial to investigate whether a course of rTMS to the right temporoparietal junction (rTPJ), which has demonstrated abnormal brain activation in ASD, can improve social communication in adolescents and young adults with ASD.Methods and analysisThis study will evaluate the safety and efficacy of a 4-week course of intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS, a variant of rTMS) in ASD. Participants meeting criteria for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition ASD (n=150, aged 14–40 years) will receive 20 sessions of either active iTBS (600 pulses) or sham iTBS (in which a sham coil mimics the sensation of iTBS, but no active stimulation is delivered) to the rTPJ. Participants will undergo a range of clinical, cognitive, epi/genetic, and neurophysiological assessments before and at multiple time points up to 6 months after iTBS. Safety will be assessed via a structured questionnaire and adverse event reporting. The study will be conducted from November 2020 to October 2024.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of Monash Health (Melbourne, Australia) under Australia’s National Mutual Acceptance scheme. The trial will be conducted according to Good Clinical Practice, and findings will be written up for scholarly publication.Trial registration numberAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12620000890932).
Is there a correlation between children’s outdoor active mobility behaviour and neighbourhood safety? A systematic review of the evidence
Authors: Zougheibe Roula , Jepson Beverly , Norman Richard , Gudes Ori , Dewan Ashraf 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveTo identify, summarise and evaluate evidence on the correlation between perceived and actual neighbourhood safety (personal and road danger) and diverse forms of outdoor active mobility behaviour (ie, active play, exercise, and travel) among primary-school-aged children.DesignA systematic review of evidence from observational studies exploring children’s active mobility behaviour and safety.Data sourcesSix electronic databases were searched: Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, ProQuest and Web of Science from study inception until July 2020.Data extraction and synthesisStudy selection and quality assessment were conducted independently by two reviewers. We expanded on a quality assessment tool and adopted a vote-counting technique to determine strength of evidence. The outcomes were categorised by individual, family and neighbourhood levels.ResultsA total of 29 studies were included, with a majority of cross-sectional design. Higher parental perceived personal safety correlated with increased children’s active mobility behaviour, but most commonly in active travel (eg, independent walking or cycling to a local destination). Increased concerns regarding road danger correlated with a decrease in each type of children’s active behaviour; active travel, play and exercise. However, these correlations were influenced by child’s sex/gender, age, car ownership, neighbourhood types, across time, and proximity to destination. Limited or inconclusive evidence was found on correlate of children’s outdoor active mobility behaviour to ‘stranger danger’, children’s perceived personal safety, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status or measured safety.ConclusionChildren are restricted by perception of safety. Encouraging children’s active travel may require future strategies to address characteristics relevant to types of the neighbourhood that promote a high sense of personal safety. Children and parents may embrace other types of active mobility behaviour if road danger is mitigated. Sex/gender and age-specific interventions and redesign of public places could lead to child-friendly cities. Future studies may benefit from adopting validated measurement methods and fill existing research gaps.
Evaluating the impact of a common elements-based intervention to improve maternal psychological well-being and mother–infant interaction in rural Pakistan: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Huma Zill-e- , Gillani Ayella , Shafique Fakhira , Rashid Alina , Mahjabeen Bushra , Javed Hashim , Wang Duolao , Rahman Atif , Hamdani Syed Usman 
Published: July 2021

IntroductionMillions of children in low resource settings are at high risk of poor development due to factors such as under nutrition, inadequate stimulation and maternal depression. Evidence-based interventions to address these risk factors exist, but often as a separate and overlapping package. The current study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a common elements-based intervention to improve mother–infant interaction at 12 months post-partum.Method and analysisA two-arm, single-blinded, individual randomised controlled trial is being carried out in the community settings of the rural subdistrict of Gujar Khan in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. 250 pregnant women in third trimester with distress (Self-Reporting Questionnaire, cut-off score >9) have been randomised on 1:1 allocation ratio into intervention (n=125) and treatment-as-usual arms (n=125). The participants in the intervention arm will receive 15 individual sessions of intervention on a monthly basis by non-specialist facilitators. The intervention involves components of early stimulation, learning through play, responsive feeding, guided discovery using pictures, behavioural activation and problem solving. The primary outcome is caregiver–infant interaction at 12 months postpartum. The secondary outcomes include maternal psychological well-being, quality of life, social support and empowerment. Infant secondary outcomes include growth, nutrition and development. The data will be collected at baseline, 6 and 12 months postpartum. A qualitative process evaluation will be conducted to inform the feasibility of intervention delivery.EthicsEthics approval for the present study was obtained from the Human Development Research Foundation Institutional Review Board, Islamabad Pakistan.DisseminationIf proven effective, the study will contribute to scale-up care for maternal and child mental health in low resource settings, globally. The findings of the present study will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at conferences and community forums.Trial registration numberNCT04252807.
Educational resource for antimicrobial resistance and stewardship for dentistry programmes: a research protocol
Authors: Ang Chuan Yok , Dhaliwal Jagjit Singh , Muharram Siti Hanna , Akkawi Muhammad Eid , Hussain Zahid , Rahman Hanif , Kok Yuh Yen , Dhaliwal Sachinjeet Kaur Sodhi , Ming Long Chiau 
Published: July 2021

IntroductionAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global public and patient safety issue. With the high AMR risk, ensuring that the next generation of dentists that have optimal knowledge and confidence in the area of AMR is crucial. A systematic approach is vital to design an AMR content that is comprehensive and clinically relevant. The primary objective of this research study will be to implement a consensus-based approach to elucidate AMR content and curriculum priorities for professional dentistry programmes. This research aims to establish consensus along with eliciting opinion on appropriate AMR topics to be covered in the Bachelor of Dental Surgery syllabus.Methods and analysisA three-phase approach to validate content for curriculum guidelines on AMR will be adopted. First, literature review and content analysis were conducted to find out the available pertinent literature in dentistry programmes. A total of 23 potential literature have been chosen for inclusion within this study following literature review and analysis in phase 1. The materials found will be used to draft curriculum on antimicrobials for dentistry programmes. The next phase involves the validation of the drafted curriculum content by recruiting local and foreign experts via a survey questionnaire. Finally, Delphi technique will be conducted to obtain consensus on the important or controversial modifications to the revised curriculum.Ethics and disseminationAn ethics application is currently under review with the Institute of Health Science Research Ethics Committee, Universiti Brunei Darussalam. All participants are required to provide a written consent form. Findings will be used to identify significant knowledge gaps on AMR aspect in a way that results in lasting change in clinical practice. Moreover, AMR content priorities related to dentistry clinical practice will be determined in order to develop need-based educational resource on microbes, hygiene and prudent antimicrobial use for dentistry programmes.
Examining the possible causal relationship between lung function, COPD and Alzheimer’s disease: a Mendelian randomisation study
Authors: Higbee Daniel , Granell Raquel , Walton Esther , Korologou-Linden Roxanna , Davey Smith George , Dodd James 
Published: July 2021

RationaleLarge retrospective case-control studies have reported an association between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), reduced lung function and an increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease. However, it remains unclear if these diseases are causally linked, or due to shared risk factors. Conventional observational epidemiology suffers from unmeasured confounding and reverse causation. Additional analyses addressing causality are required.ObjectivesTo examine a causal relationship between COPD, lung function and Alzheimer’s disease.MethodsUsing two-sample Mendelian randomisation, we used single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified in a genome wide association study (GWAS) for lung function as instrumental variables (exposure). Additionally, we used SNPs discovered in a GWAS for COPD in those with moderate to very severe obstruction. The effect of these SNPs on Alzheimer’s disease (outcome) was taken from a GWAS based on a sample of 24 807 patients and 55 058 controls.ResultsWe found minimal evidence for an effect of either lung function (OR: 1.02 per SD; 95% CI 0.91 to 1.13; p value 0.68) or liability for COPD on Alzheimer’s disease (OR: 0.97 per SD; 95% CI 0.92 to 1.03; p value 0.40).ConclusionNeither reduced lung function nor liability COPD are likely to be causally associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer’s, any observed association is likely due to unmeasured confounding. Scientific attention and health prevention policy may be better focused on overlapping risk factors, rather than attempts to reduce risk of Alzheimer’s disease by targeting impaired lung function or COPD directly.
Effect of oral and transdermal oestrogen therapy on bone mineral density in functional hypothalamic amenorrhoea: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Aalberg Karoline , Stavem Knut , Norheim Frode , Russell Michael Bjørn , Chaibi Aleksander 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundFemale athletes might develop reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and amenorrhoea due to low energy intake.ObjectiveTo systematically review the literature of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effect of oestrogen oral contraceptives (OCP), conjugated oestrogens (CE) and transdermal estradiol (TE) on BMD in premenopausal women with functional hypothalamic amenorrhoea (FHA) due to weight loss, vigorous exercise and/or stress.MethodsA comprehensive literature search in PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Ovid and CINAHL from inception to 1 October 2020.Data extraction and synthesisTwo authors independently extracted data. When possible, the data were pooled in a random-effects meta-analysis.Main outcomesDifference in BMD (g/cm2) at the lumbar spine.ResultsNine RCTs comprising 770 participants met the inclusion criteria; five studies applied OCP, two CE and two TE. Four RCTs (two OCP, two TE) found an increased BMD in premenopausal women with FHA, and five (three OCP, two CE) found a decreased BMD compared with controls. A meta-analysis showed no difference in BMD between the treatment and control groups, (standardised mean difference (SMD) 0.30, 95% CI −0.12 to 0.73). A secondary analysis for change scores from baseline to first assessment point, showed a similar overall result (SMD 0.17, 95% CI −0.16 to 0.51). No serious adverse events were reported.ConclusionThe literature suggests that TE might increase lumbar BMD in premenopausal women with FHA, but pooled results revealed no effect of the intervention. The findings do not support oestrogen therapy to improve BMD in these patient groups.
What do we know about patients’ perspectives and expectations relating to palliative and end-of-life care in advanced liver disease? A systematic review of qualitative literature using ENTREQ guidelines
Authors: Das Debasish , Ali Mafas , Hussain Ithsham Ali , Ingram Josh Thomas Nigel , Johnstone Rachel Sarah , Lopes Jade Jessica , Wadee Tasneem , Chakraborty Nandini 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundLiver disease, a major cause of death worldwide, affects younger people compared with other major causes of death. Palliative and end-of-life care for these patients are often overlooked. Guidelines are emerging on what good end-of-life care in liver disease should look like, but there is a dearth of research into patients’ perspectives even though they are most affected by these guidelines.AimTo explore current knowledge and understanding of patients’ lived experiences, perspectives and expectations in relation to palliative and end-of-life care in advanced liver disease.DesignSystematic review with thematic synthesis complying to the enhancing transparency in reporting the synthesis of qualitative research (ENTREQ) statement.Setting and participantsDatabase searches (Ovid Medline, 1946–2021 and Web of Science, 1970–2021) to identify qualitative studies exploring patients’ perspectives of palliative and end-of-life care in advanced liver disease.FindingsOnly eight articles met all criteria. Themes demonstrated repeated hospital admissions towards the end of life, lack of coordinated care in community and barriers in discussion about palliative care in end-stage liver disease due to lack of confidence among professionals and a negative view about palliative care among patients and carers. Emotional, financial and disability-related needs of patients and their carers are often neglected.ConclusionThere is a dearth of studies exploring patients’ perspectives about care in advanced liver disease relating to palliative and end-of-life care. Lack of coordinated community support and honest conversations around palliative care leads to reduced quality of life. More primary research from diverse population is needed to improve palliative care and end-of-life care in end-stage liver disease.
Control of the non-geometrically integral reductions
Authors: Liu Chunhui 
Published: July 2021

In this paper, for a geometrically integral projective scheme, we will give an upper bound of the product of the norms of its non-geometrically integral reductions over an arbitrary number field. For this aim, we take the adelic viewpoint on this subject.Résumé (Contrôle des réductions non-géométriquement intègres) Dans cet article, pour un schéma projectif géométriquement intègre, on donnera une majoration du produit des norms de ses réductions non-géométriquement intègre sur un corps de nombres arbitraire. Pour le but, on prend le point de vue adélique autour de ce sujet.
Landslide-tsunamis along the flanks of Mount Epomeo, Ischia: propagation patterns and coastal hazard for the Campania Coasts, Italy
Authors: Zaniboni Filippo , Pagnoni Gianluca , Gallotti Glauco , Tinti Stefano , Armigliato Alberto 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Ischia Island has been repeatedly affected by mass collapses, which are mainly caused by the steepness of the main peak (Mt Epomeo) and by phenomena related to its volcanic activity. The most relevant cases of mass failure studied in the literature and postulated to be tsunamigenic cover a wide spectrum of sizes, from sector collapse to small-volume mass transports. Tsunamis generated by landslides in Ischia may affect the coast of the Campania mainland, including the Gulf of Naples. The focus of this work is an evaluation of the pattern of the maximum tsunami energy. To this purpose, we perform a series of numerical simulations by moving the same landslide source in different hypothetical positions around the island. The landslide dynamics are computed through the code UBO-BLOCK, and the tsunami propagation by employing the code UBO-TSUFD, both developed in-house. The final goal is to characterize the coastal areas of the Campania mainland most exposed to tsunami attack from Ischia sources. It is found that the position of the landslide deeply influences the distribution of the tsunami elevation in the coastal stretch north of the Procida Mt, while, remarkably, it is irrelevant inside the Gulf of Naples where the bathymetric effect prevails.
Hydro-acoustic signals from the Panarea shallow hydrothermal field: new inferences of a direct link with Stromboli
Authors: Longo M. , Lazzaro G. , Caruso C. G. , Corbo A. , Sciré Scappuzzo S. , Italiano F. , Gattuso A. , Romano D. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

We present the results from a mid-term monitoring activity carried out at the submarine hydrothermal system located off Panarea Island (Aeolian Islands, Italy). The collected data concern multiparametric information from a self-operating seafloor station (acoustics and chemical–physical parameters) acquiring data at regular intervals and transmitting it twice a day in near real-time. The acoustic records were analysed with the principal aim of investigating bubbling variations related to gas flow rate. Several anomalies have been documented, in the bubbling activity detected at high frequencies (100–2000 Hz), as well as in very low acoustic frequencies, related to fluids dynamic along cracks. An astonishing correlation between soil CO
2
flux emissions recorded at Stromboli craters and the acoustic signals in the 1–30 Hz range has been identified, suggesting how this tectonic link could act as an escape route for fluids characterized by a shared source.
Anti-Asian American Racism: A Wake-Up Call for Population-Based Cancer Research
Authors: Dee Edward Christopher , Chen Sophia , Santos Patricia Mae Garcia , Wu Shirley Z. , Cheng Iona , Gomez Scarlett Lin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, Asian Americans have been subjected to rising overt discrimination and violent hate crimes, highlighting the health implications of racism toward Asian Americans. As Asian Americans are the only group for whom cancer is the leading cause of death, these manifestations of anti-Asian racism provoke the question of the impact of racism across the cancer continuum for Asian Americans. In this Commentary, we describe how the myth of the “model minority” overlooks the diversity of Asian Americans. Ignoring such diversity in sociocultural trends, immigration patterns, socioeconomic status, health behaviors, and barriers to care masks disparities in cancer risk, access to care, and outcomes across Asian American populations. We recommend cancer epidemiologists, population science researchers, and oncology providers direct attention toward: (i) studying the impacts of structural and personally mediated racism on cancer risk and outcomes; (ii) ensuring studies reflect the uniqueness of individual ethnic groups, including intersectionality, and uncover underlying disparities; and (iii) applying a critical race theory approach that considers the unique lived experiences of each group. A more nuanced understanding of cancer health disparities, and how drivers of these disparities are associated with race and differ across Asian American ethnicities, may elucidate means through which these disparities can be alleviated.
Rapid Serial Immunoprofiling of the Tumor Immune Microenvironment by Fine Needle Sampling
Authors: Oh Juhyun , Carlson Jonathan C.T. , Landeros Christian , Lee Hakho , Ferguson Scott , Faquin William C. , Clark John R. , Pittet Mikael J. , Pai Sara I. , Weissleder Ralph 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurpose:There is increasing effort to discover and integrate predictive and/or prognostic biomarkers into treatment algorithms. While tissue-based methods can reveal tumor–immune cell compositions at a single time point, we propose that single-cell sampling via fine needle aspiration (FNA) can facilitate serial assessment of the tumor immune microenvironment (TME) with a favorable risk–benefit profile.Experimental Design:Primary antibodies directed against 20 murine and 25 human markers of interest were chemically modified via a custom linker–bio-orthogonal quencher (FAST) probe. A FAST-FNA cyclic imaging and analysis pipeline were developed to derive quantitative response scores. Single cells were harvested via FNA and characterized phenotypically and functionally both in preclinical and human samples using the newly developed FAST-FNA assay.Results:FAST-FNA samples analyzed manually versus the newly developed deep learning–assisted pipeline gave highly concordant results. Subsequently, an agreement analysis showed that FAST and flow cytometry of surgically resected tumors were positively correlated with an R2 = 0.97 in preclinical samples and an R2 = 0.86 in human samples with the detection of the relevant tumor and immune biomarkers of interest. Finally, the feasibility of applying this minimally invasive approach to analyze the TME during immunotherapy was assessed in patients with cancer revealing local antitumor immune programs.Conclusions:The FAST-FNA is an innovative technology that combines bio-orthogonal chemistry coupled with a computational analysis pipeline for the comprehensive profiling of single cells obtained through FNA. This is the first demonstration that the complex and rapidly evolving TME during treatment can be accurately and serially measured by simple FNA.
Nearness to the Real
Authors: Schechter Arthur 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This article presents the theory of sainthood found in the writings of Dāwūd al-Qayṣarī (d. 751/1350), a major commentator on the Sufi thought of Ibn ʿArabī (d. 638/1240). Building on previous philosophical interpretations of Ibn ʿArabī’s thought to systematize the worldview now known as the “Oneness of Being” (waḥdat al-wujūd), Qayṣarī also developed a sophisticated theory of sainthood that not only described, but explained in detail what a saint was, how to become one, and what made the methods for doing so effective. After a historical introduction, I examine the principles of Qayṣarī’s hagiology in the broader context of his worldview, with special attention to his innovative use of philosophical language. Finally, my analysis of the spiritual path in Qayṣarī’s writings shows the consistency with which his account of Sufi wayfaring reflects these principles, according to which the acquisition of sainthood was a journey from the particular to the universal.