bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digital technology and disease surveillance in the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Donelle Lorie , Hall Jodi , Hiebert Brad , Shelley Jacob J , Smith Maxwell J , Gilliland Jason , Stranges Saverio , Kothari Anita , Burkell Jacquelyn , Cooke Tommy , Long Jed , Shelley James M , Befus Deanna , Comer Leigha , Ngole Marionette , Stanley Meagan 
Published: October 2021

IntroductionInfectious diseases pose a risk to public health, requiring efficient strategies for disease prevention. Digital health surveillance technologies provide new opportunities to enhance disease prevention, detection, tracking, reporting and analysis. However, in addition to concerns regarding the effectiveness of these technologies in meeting public health goals, there are also concerns regarding the ethics, legality, safety and sustainability of digital surveillance technologies. This scoping review examines the literature on digital surveillance for public health purposes during the COVID-19 pandemic to identify health-related applications of digital surveillance technologies, and to highlight discussions of the implications of these technologies.Methods and analysisThe scoping review will be guided by the framework proposed by Arksey and O’Malley and the guidelines outlined by Colquhounet aland Levacet al. We will search Medline (Ovid), PsycInfo, PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL (EBSCOhost), ACM Digital Library, Google Scholar and IEEE Explore for relevant studies published between December 2019 and December 2020. The review will also include grey literature. Data will be managed and analysed through an extraction table and thematic analysis.Ethics and disseminationFindings will be disseminated through traditional academic channels, as well as social media channels and research briefs and infographics. We will target our dissemination to provincial and federal public health organisations, as well as technology companies and community-based organisations managing the public response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Labour after caesarean counselling documentation: a quality improvement intervention on labour and delivery
Authors: Hill Elena , Chinkam Somphit , Cardenas Lilia , Iverson Ronald Edward 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundMost women who have had previous caesareans are eligible to have labour after caesarean (LAC), but only 11.9% do so. Studies show the majority of women have already decided about future mode of birth (FMOB) before a subsequent pregnancy. Hence, providing women with LAC counselling soon after birth may help women plan for future pregnancies. Prior to our intervention, our hospital had no method of ensuring that women received LAC counselling after caesarean section. The purpose of this QI initiative was to assess whether formal LAC documentation on labour and delivery (L&D) improves rates of LAC counselling post partum.MethodsOur three-part intervention included: (1) surgeon’s assessment of LAC feasibility in the operative note, (2) written LAC education for women in discharge paperwork and (3) documentation of LAC counselling in the discharge summary. We implemented these changes on L&D in January 2019. We conducted phone surveys of 40 women after caesarean preintervention and postintervention. Surveys included questions regarding three primary outcomes: whether or not they had received LAC counselling either in the hospital or at a postpartum visit, and whether or not they would pursue LAC as FMOB. Surveys also assessed two secondary outcomes: (1) women’s understanding of the indications for surgery and (2) their involvement in the decision process. We used a χ2analysis to assess primary outcomes and a Fisher’s exact test to assess secondary outcomes. We also surveyed providers about the culture of LAC counselling at our hospital.ResultsAfter our intervention, there was a significant difference between the number of women reporting LAC postpartum counselling (30.77% vs 53.8%, p=0.04). There was also a significant difference in the number of women feeling involved in the decision-making process (68% vs 95%, p=0.03). Providers reported improved knowledge/confidence around LAC counselling (58%–100%). Providers universally stated that LAC counselling has become more ingrained in the culture on L&D.ConclusionsDocumentation of LAC counselling improved the consistency with which providers incorporated LAC counselling into postpartum care. Addressing FMOB at the time of pLTCS and documenting that counselling may be an effective first step in empowering women to pursue LAC in future pregnancies.
Machine learning-derived electrocardiographic algorithm for the detection of cardiac amyloidosis
Authors: Schrutka Lore , Anner Philip , Agibetov Asan , Seirer Benjamin , Dusik Fabian , Rettl René , Duca Franz , Dalos Daniel , Dachs Theresa-Marie , Binder Christina , Badr-Eslam Roza , Kastner Johannes , Beitzke Dietrich , Loewe Christian , Hengstenberg Christian , Laufer Günther , Stix Guenter , Dorffner Georg , Bonderman Diana 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundDiagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis (CA) requires advanced imaging techniques. Typical surface ECG patterns have been described, but their diagnostic abilities are limited.ObjectiveThe aim was to perform a thorough electrophysiological characterisation of patients with CA and derive an easy-to-use tool for diagnosis.MethodsWe applied electrocardiographic imaging (ECGI) to acquire electroanatomical maps in patients with CA and controls. A machine learning approach was then used to decipher the complex data sets obtained and generate a surface ECG-based diagnostic tool.FindingsAreas of low voltage were localised in the basal inferior regions of both ventricles and the remaining right ventricular segments in CA. The earliest epicardial breakthrough of myocardial activation was visualised on the right ventricle. Potential maps revealed an accelerated and diffuse propagation pattern. We correlated the results from ECGI with 12-lead ECG recordings. Ventricular activation correlated best with R-peak timing in leads V1–V3. Epicardial voltage showed a strong positive correlation with R-peak amplitude in the inferior leads II, III and aVF. Respective surface ECG leads showed two characteristic patterns. Ten blinded cardiologists were asked to identify patients with CA by analysing 12-lead ECGs before and after training on the defined ECG patterns. Training led to significant improvements in the detection rate of CA, with an area under the curve of 0.69 before and 0.97 after training.InterpretationUsing a machine learning approach, an ECG-based tool was developed from detailed electroanatomical mapping of patients with CA. The ECG algorithm is simple and has proven helpful to suspect CA without the aid of advanced imaging modalities.
Quantifying heterogeneity in sexual behaviour and distribution of STIs before and after pre-exposure prophylaxis among men who have sex with men
Authors: van Wees Daphne Amanda , Diexer Sophie , Rozhnova Ganna , Matser Amy , den Daas Chantal , Heijne Janneke , Kretzschmar Mirjam 
Published: October 2021

Objectives: Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use may influence sexual behaviour and transmission of STIs among men who have sex with men (MSM). We aimed to quantify the distribution of STI diagnoses among MSM in the Netherlands based on their sexual behaviour before and after the introduction of PrEP.Methods: HIV-negative MSM participating in a prospective cohort study (Amsterdam Cohort Studies) completed questionnaires about sexual behaviour and were tested for STI/HIV during biannual visits (2009–2019). We developed a sexual behaviour risk score predictive of STI diagnosis and used it to calculate Gini coefficients for gonorrhoea, chlamydia and syphilis diagnoses in the period before (2009 to mid-2015) and after PrEP (mid-2015 to 2019). Gini coefficients close to zero indicate that STI diagnoses are homogeneously distributed over the population, and close to one indicate that STI diagnoses are concentrated in individuals with a higher risk score.Results: The sexual behaviour risk score (n=630, n visits=10 677) ranged between 0.00 (low risk) and 3.61 (high risk), and the mean risk score increased from 0.70 (SD=0.66) before to 0.93 (SD=0.80) after PrEP. Positivity rates for chlamydia (4%) and syphilis (1%) remained relatively stable, but the positivity rate for gonorrhoea increased from 4% before to 6% after PrEP. Gini coefficients increased from 0.37 (95% CI 0.30 to 0.43) to 0.43 (95% CI 0.36 to 0.49) for chlamydia, and from 0.37 (95% CI 0.19 to 0.52) to 0.50 (95% CI 0.32 to 0.66) for syphilis comparing before to after PrEP. The Gini coefficient for gonorrhoea remained stable at 0.46 (95% CI 0.40 to 0.52) before and after PrEP.Conclusions: MSM engaged in more high-risk sexual behaviour and gonorrhoea diagnoses increased after PrEP was introduced. Chlamydia and syphilis diagnoses have become more concentrated in a high-risk subgroup. Monitoring the impact of increasing PrEP coverage on sexual behaviour and STI incidence is important. Improved STI prevention is needed, especially for high-risk MSM.
Shear strength and stiffness behavior of fine-grained soils at different surface hydration conditions
Authors: Lee Jeongki , Fratta Dante , Akin Idil 
Published: October 2021

We developed an experimental program to monitor how interparticle forces control the mechanical behavior of fine-grained soils when saturation changes from the tightly adsorbed regime to saturation. The testing program uses stiffness (i.e., S-wave velocity) and strength (i.e., Brazilian tensile strength) tests on kaolinite, silica flour, and diatomaceous earth soil samples at very low confining stresses (<5 kPa). Three fine-grained soils yield a range of different properties, including particle size, specific surface area, negative charge density, and internal or external particle porosity. Results show that shear stiffness and tensile strength follow similar trends, emphasizing that the same interparticle forces control the mechanical responses. In particular, the interpretation of S-wave velocity measurements shows three different behavior ranges: a van der Waals attraction range, a capillary-dominated interparticle forces range, and the continuous decrease in the capillary forces from the saturation at the air-entry pressure until full saturation. We show that the interparticle forces respond to a complex function of water content, particle size, particle separations, surface charge density, and the presence of internal particle porosity.
Sensitivity of future linear $$\hbox {e}^+\hbox {e}^-$$ colliders to processes of dark matter production with light mediator exchange
Authors: Kalinowski Jan , Kotlarski Wojciech , Mȩkała Krzysztof , Sopicki Paweł , Żarnecki Aleksander Filip 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAs any $$e^+e^-$$

e
+

e
-

scattering process can be accompanied by a hard photon emission from the initial state radiation, the analysis of the energy spectrum and angular distributions of those photons can be used to search for hard processes with an invisible final state. Thus high energy $$e^+e^-$$

e
+

e
-

colliders offer a unique possibility for the most general search of dark matter (DM) based on the mono-photon signature. We consider production of DM particles at the International Linear Collider (ILC) and Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) experiments via a light mediator exchange. Detector effects are taken into account within the Delphes fast simulation framework. Limits on the light DM production in a simplified model are set as a function of the mediator mass and width based on the expected two-dimensional distributions of the reconstructed mono-photon events. The experimental sensitivity is extracted in terms of the DM production cross section. Limits on the mediator couplings are then presented for a wide range of mediator masses and widths. For light mediators, for masses up to the centre-of-mass energy of the collider, coupling limits derived from the mono-photon analysis are more stringent than those expected from direct resonance searches in decay channels to SM particles.
Fueling T-cell Antitumor Immunity: Amino Acid Metabolism Revisited
Authors: Han Chenfeng , Ge Minmin , Ho Ping-Chih , Zhang Lianjun 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
T cells are the key players in eliminating malignant tumors. Adoptive transfer of tumor antigen-specific T cells and immune checkpoint blockade has yielded durable antitumor responses in the clinic, but not all patients respond initially and some that do respond eventually have tumor progression. Thus, new approaches to enhance the utility of immunotherapy are needed. T-cell activation and differentiation status are tightly controlled at the transcriptional, epigenetic, and metabolic levels. Amino acids are involved in multiple steps of T-cell antitumor immunity, including T-cell activation, proliferation, effector function, memory formation as well as functional exhaustion. In this review, we briefly discuss how amino acid metabolism is linked to T-cell fate decisions and summarize how amino acid deprivation or accumulation of certain amino acid metabolites within the tumor microenvironment diminishes T-cell functionality. Furthermore, we discuss potential strategies for immunotherapy via modulating amino acid metabolism either in T cells intrinsically or extrinsically to achieve therapeutic efficacy.
Lifetime Risk of Heart Failure and Trends in Incidence Rates Among Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes Between 1995 and 2018
Authors: Schwartz Brian , Pierce Colin , Vasan Ramachandran S. , Schou Morten , Ibrahim Michel , Monahan Kevin , Lyass Asya , Malmborg Morten , Gislason Gunnar H. , Køber Lars , Torp‐Pedersen Christian , Andersson Charlotte 
Published: October 2021

Background
There are limited data on the lifetime risk of heart failure (HF) in people with type 2 diabetes and how incidence has changed over time. We estimated the cumulative incidence and incidence rates of HF among Danish adults with type 2 diabetes between 1995 and 2018 using nationwide data.

Methods and Results

In total, 398 422 patients (49% women) with type 2 diabetes were identified. During follow‐up, 36 400 (9%) were diagnosed with HF and 121 459 (30%) were censored due to death. Using the Aalen‐Johansen estimators, accounting for the risk of death, the estimated residual lifetime risk of HF at age 50 years was calculated as 24% (95% CI 22%–27%) in women and 27% (25%–28%) in men. During the observational period, the proportion of patients treated with statins, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers, and metformin increased from <30% to >60%. Similarly, the annual incidence rates of HF decreased significantly, with declines being greater in older versus younger individuals (5% versus 2% in age >50 versus ≤50 years, respectively;
P
<0.0001) and in women versus men (5% versus 4%,
P
=0.02), but similar in patients with and without IHD (4% versus 4%,
P
=0.53).

Conclusions
The current lifetime risk of HF in type 2 diabetes approximates 1 in 4 for men and women. Paralleled by an increase in use of evidence‐based pharmacotherapy over the past decades, the risk of developing HF has declined across several subgroups and regardless of underlying IHD, suggesting that optimal diabetes treatment can mitigate HF risk.
Ethics, Subjectivity, and Alterity in King Lear
Authors: Bidgoli Mehrdad 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Cordelia’s defiance during the first scene of King Lear is among the thorniest issues in Lear criticism. There are also questions about her defiance in the first act and her sacrificial return in the fourth. Generally, critics either interpret her defiance negatively and condemn her (the question of her sacrifice remains equivocal), or they lay the blame on Lear’s absurdity and justify Cordelia’s silence (thus somehow explaining her sacrificial return). I will turn to the recent ethical approach to Lear in which critics usually treat Cordelia as an excess that both foregrounds the ethical themes of the play and resists our understanding. She is said to be like a trace, an evasive Other who can hardly be grasped or explicated. Her defiance and sacrifice thus mark her incomprehensibility and divinity. There are, however, problems and shortcomings with this view that I will enumerate and try to resolve here. I will mainly study Cordelia’s role and discuss her subjectivity with a closer attention. Drawing upon Emmanuel Levinas’s philosophy, I suggest that Cordelia’s defiance/sacrifice is not simply a choice; she (dis)embodies a logic of heteronomy and absolute openness to and receptivity of the other, a passivity which is beyond any onto-political sense of passivity and activity. Her silence and sacrifice can be discussed as pre-voluntary, nonintentional sensibility. We can connect the dots to explain her defiant behavior in the first act and her sacrificial return in the last acts. Her uncanny ethicality will finally bridge the current gap and explain her alterity as the other as well. Hence she is both a responsive self and an uncanny other in a peculiar combination of qualities.
Companions in the Study
Authors: Gibson Richard Hughes , Beitler James Edward 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This essay considers John Ruskin’s “reading” of the stonework of fifteenth-century Venice for its lesson in virtues and then adapts his technique for reflection on scenes of St. Jerome in his study. The authors argue that these artifacts have more than art historical interest. They have spiritual interest. By looking backward to previous generations’ ways of imagining scholarship, we can gain a fresh view of our own scenes of reading and writing, not just for the objects strewn about within in them but also for their animating spirits.
Minority Cultural Rights and Bullfighting in a Portuguese Context
Authors: Cordeiro-Rodrigues Luis 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A topic in contemporary political philosophy that has received substantial attention recently is whether minorities have the right to mistreat nonhuman animals. Mostly the debate is focused on minority practices in the West, such as Muslim religious slaughtering. However, other minority contexts, especially Iberian ones, have been largely ignored. In this article, I place the Portuguese case study at the center of political philosophy debates and assess whether this cultural practice ought to be banned. I do this by looking at four arguments routinely used in these debates. These arguments are that Portuguese bullfighting ought to be allowed because it has an economic role in the community, it helps address social prejudice, it promotes friendship and, and allowing it is a way to be legally consistent. I reject the four arguments and defend that bullfighting, in the Portuguese case, should be banned.
Keepers Report Application of Delayed and Not Necessarily Effective Corrections to Undesired Behaviors of Dogs
Authors: Rossi Alexandre P. , Maia Caroline M. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This study investigated how keepers report correcting their dogs’ undesired behaviors by using what they consider to be aversive to them. Over 60,000 dog keepers responded to an online questionnaire addressing this issue. The questionnaire included the frequencies of delayed corrections of perceived signs of previously occurring undesired behaviors, the type of aversive actions applied (independently of correction timing), and the frequencies of specific canine behaviors that the keepers sought to correct. Based on results, correcting undesired behaviors of dogs that occurred some time ago is frequently reported, and the most common corrections are not necessarily effective in reducing these undesired behaviors. Moreover, keepers commonly use aversive actions to correct dogs’ urination/defecation in inappropriate places or destruction of objects, but they do not commonly do so for excessive barking or incorrectly responding to a cue.
Must Animals Die? Genesis 3:21, Enūma Eliš IV, and the Power of Divine Creation
Authors: Strawn Brent A. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Yhwh-God’s provision of clothing for the first humans in Gen 3:21 is often understood as a gracious act that nevertheless involves animal slaughter so as to produce the “garments of skin.” The present essay uncouples these two elements—the beneficence of the divine provision of clothing and the possible death of animals that may be implied—reexamining the latter in light of a neglected parallel found in Enūma Eliš, which demonstrates (perhaps with a cognate to the Hebrew verb used in Genesis) that the gods can summon things into existence, especially by speech. The power of divine creation, especially through utterance, is well attested in other ancient Near Eastern texts and so Yhwh-God’s making (עשׂה) clothes need not indicate the destruction of animals. In the end, therefore, if Gen 3:21 is used in wider theological-ethical discussions, its significance lies with a theology of creation not one of sacrifice or atonement.
A Macedonian in the Persian Court: Addition E of Esther and the Vetus Latina
Authors: Thambyrajah Jonathan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This paper proposes that the identification of Haman as Macedonian can best be explained as originating in the Greek Vorlage to the Vetus Latina. It has been previously suggested, although it is a matter of controversy, that the non-canonical sections of Esther derive from the Greek Vorlage to the Vetus Latina. This article offers additional evidence in favour of this proposal.
Genesis 49:4—The Route of Facile Textual Emendation vs. Appreciation for Literary Brilliance
Authors: Rendsburg Gary A. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This article responds to M. J. Albanese, “What the Holy Seed Defiled: The Textual Problem of Genesis 49:4,” VT 69 (2019): 1‒18. Instead of proposing textual emendation to solve the so-called “problem” in Gen 49:4, the present article uses a literary-stylistic approach to argue in favour of the Masoretic Text (MT).
Nebuchadnezzar and Narrative Repair in the Court Tales of Daniel
Authors: Chike Julian C. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
During the second half of the first millennium BCE, innovative portrayals of Nebuchadnezzar began to emerge within Jewish circles that reshaped and reimagined his role in their history. Such reconstruals were part and parcel of the lively negotiations among Babylonian and Hellenistic scribes over the representation of bygone Mesopotamian monarchs. In this essay, I examine the reimagination of Nebuchadnezzar in the court tales of Dan 2–6 as a unique example of how scribes sought to reshape the haunting memory of Nebuchadnezzar. By comparing Nebuchadnezzar’s narrative portrait with various texts from Jewish prophetic traditions, I argue that the redactor of the court tales constructed a counter-memory of Nebuchadnezzar in which the traumatic experience of Judah’s humiliation, deportation, and restoration was creatively mapped onto Nebuchadnezzar. In order to construct this counter-memory, the redactor drew upon and repurposed specific language, imagery, and motifs borrowed from these textual traditions.
Folk Beliefs about Soul and Mind: Cross-Cultural Comparison of Folk Intuitions about the Ontology of the Person
Authors: Gut Arkadiusz , Lambert Andrew , Gorbaniuk Oleg , Mirski Robert 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The present study addressed two related problems: The status of the concept of the soul in folk psychological conceptualizations across cultures, and the nature of mind-body dualism within Chinese folk psychology. We compared folk intuitions about three concepts – mind, body, and soul – among adults from China (N=257) and Poland (N=225). The questionnaire study comprised of questions about the functional and ontological nature of the three entities. The results show that the mind and soul are conceptualized differently in the two countries: The Chinese appear to think of the soul similarly to how they view the mind (importantly, they still seem to see it as separate from the body), while Poles differentiate it both in ontological and functional respects. The study provides important insights into cross-cultural differences in conceptualizing the soul as well as into the nature of Chinese mind-body dualism.