bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations between loneliness and acute hospitalisation outcomes among patients receiving mental healthcare in South London: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Parmar Mayur , Ma Ruimin , Attygalle Sumudu , Mueller Christoph , Stubbs Brendon , Stewart Robert , Perera Gayan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose
It is well known that loneliness can worsen physical and mental health outcomes, but there is a dearth of research on the impact of loneliness in populations receiving mental healthcare. This study aimed to investigate cross-sectional correlates of loneliness among such patients and longitudinal risk for acute general hospitalisations.

Method
A retrospective observational study was conducted on the data from patients aged 18 + receiving assessment/care at a large mental healthcare provider in South London. Recorded loneliness status was ascertained among active patients on the index date, 30th Jun 2012. Acute general hospitalisation (emergency/elective) outcomes were obtained until 31st Mar 2018. Length of stay was modelled using Poisson regression models and time-to hospitalisation and time-to mortality were modelled using Cox proportional hazards regression models.

Results
The data from 26,745 patients were analysed. The prevalence of patients with recorded loneliness was 16.4% at the index date. In the fully adjusted model, patients with recorded loneliness had higher hazards of emergency (HR 1.15, 95% CI 1.09–1.22) and elective (1.05, 1.01–1.12) hospitalisation than patients who were not recorded as lonely, and a longer duration of both emergency (IRR 1.06, 95% CI 1.05–1.07) and elective (1.02, 1.01–1.03) general hospitalisations. There was no association between loneliness and mortality. Correlates of loneliness included having an eating disorder (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.29–2.25) and serious mental illnesses (OR 1.44, 1.29–1.62).

Conclusion
Loneliness in patients receiving mental healthcare is associated with higher use of general hospital services. Increased attention to the physical healthcare of this patient group is therefore warranted.
Variation in rates of self-harm hospital admission and re-admission by ethnicity in London: a population cohort study
Authors: Polling C. , Bakolis I. , Hotopf M. , Hatch S. L. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To compare sex-specific rates of hospital admission and repeat admission following self-harm between ethnic groups in London and test whether differences persist after adjustment for socio-economic deprivation.

Methods
A population-based cohort of all individuals aged over 11 admitted to a general hospital for physical health treatment following self-harm between 2008 and 2018, using administrative Hospital Episode Statistics for all people living in Greater London.

Results
There were 59,510 individuals admitted to the hospital following self-harm in the 10 year study period, ethnicity data were available for 94% of individuals. The highest rates of self-harm admission and readmission were found in the White Irish group. Rates of admission and readmission were lower in Black and Asian people compared to White people for both sexes at all ages and in all more specific Black and Asian ethnic groups compared to White British. These differences increased with adjustment for socio-economic deprivation. People of Mixed ethnicity had higher rates of readmission. Rates were highest in the 25–49 age group for Black and Mixed ethnicity men, but in under-25 s for all other groups. There were substantial differences in rates within the broader ethnic categories, especially for the Black and White groups.

Conclusion
In contrast to earlier UK studies, self-harm rates were not higher in Black or South Asian women, with lower self-harm admission rates seen in almost all ethnic minority groups. Differences in rates by ethnicity were not explained by socio-economic deprivation. Aggregating ethnicity into broad categories masks important differences in self-harm rates between groups.
Diffusion-weighted imaging in differentiating mid-course responders to chemotherapy for long-bone osteosarcoma compared to the histologic response: an update
Authors: Habre Céline , Dabadie Alexia , Loundou Anderson D. , Banos Jean-Bruno , Desvignes Catherine , Pico Harmony , Aschero Audrey , Colavolpe Nathalie , Seiler Charlotte , Bouvier Corinne , Peltier Emilie , Gentet Jean-Claude , Baunin Christiane , Auquier Pascal , Petit Philippe 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) has been described to correlate with tumoural necrosis in response to preoperative chemotherapy for osteosarcoma.

Objective
To assess the accuracy of DWI in evaluating the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy at the mid-course treatment of long-bone osteosarcoma and in predicting survival.

Materials and methods
We conducted a prospective single-centre study over a continuous period of 11 years. Consecutive patients younger than 20 years treated with a neoadjuvant regimen for peripheral conventional osteosarcoma were eligible for inclusion. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with DWI was performed at diagnosis, and mid- and end-course chemotherapy with mean apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) calculated at each time point. A percentage less than or equal to 10% of the viable residual tissue at the histological analysis of the surgical specimen was defined as a good responder to chemotherapy. Survival comparisons were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Uni- and multivariate analyses with ADC change were performed by Cox modelling. This is an expansion and update of our previous work.

Results
Twenty-six patients between the ages of 4.8 and 19.6 years were included, of whom 14 were good responders. At mid-course chemotherapy, good responders had significantly higher mean ADC values (P=0.046) and a higher increase in ADC (P=0.015) than poor responders. The ADC change from diagnosis to mid-course MRI did not appear to be a prognosticator of survival and did not impact survival rates of both groups.

Conclusion
DWI at mid-course preoperative chemotherapy for osteosarcoma should be considered to evaluate the degree of histological necrosis and to predict survival. The anticipation of a response to neoadjuvant treatment by DWI may have potential implications on preoperative management.
Burkholderia thailandensis E264 as a promising safe rhamnolipids’ producer towards a sustainable valorization of grape marcs and olive mill pomace
Authors: Chebbi Alif , Tazzari Massimiliano , Rizzi Cristiana , Gomez Tovar Franco Hernan , Villa Sara , Sbaffoni Silvia , Vaccari Mentore , Franzetti Andrea 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Within the circular economy framework, our study aims to assess the rhamnolipid production from winery and olive oil residues as low-cost carbon sources by nonpathogenic strains. After evaluating various agricultural residues from those two sectors, Burkholderia thailandensis E264 was found to use the raw soluble fraction of nonfermented (white) grape marcs (NF), as the sole carbon and energy source, and simultaneously, reducing the surface tension to around 35 mN/m. Interestingly, this strain showed a rhamnolipid production up to 1070 mg/L (13.37 mg/g of NF), with a higher purity, on those grape marcs, predominately Rha-Rha C14-C14, in MSM medium. On olive oil residues, the rhamnolipid yield of using olive mill pomace (OMP) at 2% (w/v) was around 300 mg/L (15 mg/g of OMP) with a similar CMC of 500 mg/L. To the best of our knowledge, our study indicated for the first time that a nonpathogenic bacterium is able to produce long-chain rhamnolipids in MSM medium supplemented with winery residues, as sole carbon and energy source.

Key points
• Winery and olive oil residues are used for producing long-chain rhamnolipids (RLs).
• Both higher RL yields and purity were obtained on nonfermented grape marcs as substrates.
• Long-chain RLs revealed stabilities over a wide range of pH, temperatures, and salinities
Translational model of melphalan-induced gut toxicity reveals drug-host-microbe interactions that drive tissue injury and fever
Authors: Wardill H. R. , de Mooij C. E. M. , da Silva Ferreira A. R. , van de Peppel I. P. , Havinga R. , Harmsen H. J. M. , Tissing W. J. E. , Blijlevens N. M. A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Conditioning therapy with high-dose melphalan (HDM) is associated with a high risk of gut toxicity, fever and infections in haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients. However, validated preclinical models that adequately reflect clinical features of melphalan-induced toxicity are not available. We therefore aimed to develop a novel preclinical model of melphalan-induced toxicity that reflected well-defined clinical dynamics, as well as to identify targetable mechanisms that drive intestinal injury.

Methods
Male Wistar rats were treated with 4–8 mg/kg melphalan intravenously. The primary endpoint was plasma citrulline. Secondary endpoints included survival, weight loss, diarrhea, food/water intake, histopathology, body temperature, microbiota composition (16S sequencing) and bacterial translocation.

Results
Melphalan 5 mg/kg caused self-limiting intestinal injury, severe neutropenia and fever while impairing the microbial metabolome, prompting expansion of enteric pathogens. Intestinal inflammation was characterized by infiltration of polymorphic nuclear cells in the acute phases of mucosal injury, driving derangement of intestinal architecture. Ileal atrophy prevented bile acid reabsorption, exacerbating colonic injury via microbiota-dependent mechanisms.

Conclusion
We developed a novel translational model of melphalan-induced toxicity, which has excellent homology with the well-known clinical features of HDM transplantation. Application of this model will accelerate fundamental and translational study of melphalan-induced toxicity, with the clinical parallels of this model ensuring a greater likelihood of clinical success.

Graphic abstract
Anatomical versus non-anatomical configuration of double coraco-clavicular tunnel technique in acromioclavicular joint reconstruction
Authors: Schöbel Tobias , Theopold Jan , Fischer Jean-Pierre , Löffler Sabine , Schleifenbaum Stefan , Hepp Pierre 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Horizontal instability is a common problem after acromioclavicular joint injuries. The aim of this study was to evaluate if there is a difference regarding horizontal stability between an anatomical and a non-anatomical configuration of the double tunnel coraco-clavicular ligament reconstruction of the acromioclavicular joint.

Methods
Thirteen acromioclavicular joints of human cadaveric shoulders in ethanol-glycerin fixation were included in the study and underwent cyclic anterior and posterior translational testing at a load of 70 N using an electromechanical uniaxial testing machine. The shoulders were randomly assigned to the following groups: double coraco-clavicular tunnel technique in an anatomical configuration (DCTa) and double coraco-clavicular tunnel technique in an inverse configuration of the anatomical position (DCTb). The dislocation was recorded with a 3D optical measuring system.

Results
The total horizontal displacement (p10 = 0.0221; p5000 = 0.082) was significantly higher for the non-anatomical reconstruction (DCTb) compared to the anatomical reconstruction (DCTa) after every measured amount of cycles. The increase in displacement for DCTb group was overall higher than the increase in displacement for DCTa group but without significance.

Conclusion
Reconstruction of the CC ligaments in an anatomical configuration with two suture devices results in a significantly higher stability of the AC joint in the horizontal plane than reconstruction of the CC ligaments in a non-anatomical configuration. Based on the results of this biomechanical in vitro study, the use of a double coraco-clavicular reconstruction should focus on an anatomically correct position of the suture devices.
Disability pensions related to heavy physical workload: a cohort study of middle-aged and older workers in Sweden
Authors: Falkstedt Daniel , Hemmingsson Tomas , Albin Maria , Bodin Theo , Ahlbom Anders , Selander Jenny , Gustavsson Per , Andersson Tomas , Almroth Melody , Kjellberg Katarina 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objectives
The aim of the study was to examine the associations between heavy physical workload among middle-aged and older workers and disability pension due to any diagnosis, as well as musculoskeletal, psychiatric, cardiovascular or respiratory diagnoses. The population-based design made it possible to examine dose–response and potential gender differences in the associations.

Methods
About 1.8 million men and women aged 44–63 years and registered as living in Sweden in 2005 were followed regarding disability pension during 2006–2016, until ages 55–65 years. Mean values of physical workload and job control, estimated through gender-specific job-exposure matrices (JEMs), were assigned to individuals through their occupational titles in 2005. Exposure values were ranked separately for women and men and divided into quintiles. Associations were analyzed with Cox proportional-hazards regression.

Results
The analyses showed robust, dose–response associations between physical workload and disability pension with a musculoskeletal diagnosis in both genders: the adjusted hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval for those with the heaviest exposure was 2.58 (2.37–2.81) in women and 3.34 (2.83–3.94) in men. Dose–response associations were also seen in relation to disability pension with a cardiovascular or a respiratory diagnosis, though the hazard ratios were smaller. Physical workload was not associated with disability pension with a psychiatric diagnosis after adjustment for job control.

Conclusion
This study of the entire Swedish population of middle-aged and older workers suggests that higher degrees of physical workload may increase the risk of disability pension overall, and specifically with musculoskeletal, cardiovascular or respiratory diagnosis, in both women and men.
Optimal administration of bronchodilators with valved holding chambers in preschool children: a review of literature
Authors: Csonka Péter , Tapiainen Terhi , Mäkelä Mika J. , Lehtimäki Lauri 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOur aim was to synthesize the published literature on factors that potentially affect the delivery of bronchodilators using valved holding chambers (VHC) in preschool children. We also aimed to identify those attributes that are not yet incorporated or clearly stated in the guidelines and those topics that are still lacking sufficient data. There is strong evidence supporting several recommendations in current guidelines. Based on present knowledge, bronchodilators should be delivered by VHC administering each puff separately. Face mask should be omitted as soon as the child can hold the mouthpiece of the VHC tightly between the lips and teeth. Based on the review, we suggest adding a specific note to current guidelines about the effect of chamber volume and the impact of co-operation during drug administration. Calming the child and securing a tight face-to-mask seal is critical for successful drug delivery. There is not enough evidence to make specific recommendations on the most reliable VHC and face mask for children. There is an urgent need for studies that evaluate and compare the effectiveness of VHCs in various clinical settings in wide age-groups and respiratory patterns. In addition, there is insufficient data on ideal chamber volume, material, and effective antistatic treatment.

What is Known:• Valved holding chambers (VHC) should not be considered interchangeable when used with pressurized metered dose inhalers (pMDI).• Drug delivery is influenced by VHC volume, aerodynamic and electrostatic properties; mask fit; respiratory pattern and co-operation during inhalation; and the number of puffs actuated.What is New:• The impact of co-operation, VHC volume, and good mask-to-face fit during drug inhalation is not stressed enough in the guidelines.• Studies are urgently needed to evaluate the effectiveness of different VHCs in various clinical settings focusing on VHC electrostatic properties, respiratory patters, face masks, and ideal pMDI+VHC combinations.
The Direct Synthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide over AuPd Nanoparticles: An Investigation into Metal Loading
Authors: Brehm Joseph , Lewis Richard J. , Morgan David J. , Davies Thomas E. , Hutchings Graham J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe direct synthesis of H2O2 from molecular H2 and O2 over AuPd catalysts, supported on TiO2 and prepared via an excess chloride co-impregnation procedure is investigated. The role of Au:Pd ratio on the catalytic activity towards H2O2 formation and its subsequent degradation is evaluated under conditions that have previously been found to be optimal for the formation of H2O2. The combination of relatively small nanoparticles, of mixed Pd-oxidation state is shown to correlate with enhanced catalytic performance. Subsequently, a detailed study of catalytic activity towards H2O2 synthesis as a function of AuPd loading was conducted, with a direct correlation between catalytic activity and metal loading observed.
Graphic Abstract
List Price Collusion
Authors: Boshoff Willem H. , Paha Johannes 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFirms sometimes collude by agreeing on increases in list prices. Yet, the efficacy of such list price collusion is subject to discussion as colluding firms might, in principle, deviate secretly from the elevated prices by granting their customers discounts. This article reviews cases of list price collusion in the USA and Europe, and it presents a theory of harm suggesting that a combination of anchoring, orientation on reference points, and loss aversion may render list price collusion effective in raising transaction prices—even if firms set transaction prices in a non-coordinated fashion.
Fabrication and characterization of a novel photoactive-based (0–3) piezocomposite material with potential as a functional material for additive manufacturing of piezoelectric sensors
Authors: Omoniyi O. A. , Mansour R. , Cardona M. J. , Briuglia M. L. , O’Leary R. L. , Windmill J. F. C. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe development of 3D-printed sensors and actuators from piezocomposite materials has increased in recent years due to the ease of production, low-cost and improved functionality additive manufacturing provides. The piezocomposite material developed in this work has the potential to be used as a functional material in stereolithographic additive manufacturing by combining the optical, viscoelastic properties of NOA 65 and the piezoelectric properties of Barium Titanate. The new (0–3) piezocomposite material consists of Norland Optical Adhesive 65 (NOA 65) as the polymer matrix and Barium Titanate (BaTiO3) with particles sizes (100 nm, 200 nm and 500 nm) as the dielectric filler. We synthesized thin film samples of the (0–3) piezocomposite with 60% w/w BaTiO3 using solution mixing and spin coating method to produce samples with layer thickness of 100 µm. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques were used to analyze the microstructure of the piezocomposite to determine the effect of different particles sizes of BaTiO3 on the structural and mechanical properties of the composite. The longitudinal piezoelectric coefficient d33 was also measured using the laser vibrometer technique. Both single point scans and full surface scans were carried out to obtain the average piezoelectric coefficient d33 of the composite material. The results of the SEM confirmed the (0–3) structure of the piezocomposite material with isolated BaTiO3 nanoparticles. It further showed the uniform distribution of the BaTiO3 nanoparticles across each of the samples. FTIR analysis showed that the filler nanoparticles had no effect on the native structure of the polymer matrix. The longitudinal piezoelectric coefficient d33 of the piezocomposite material was observed to increase with increasing BaTiO3 particle sizes, while the indentation modulus of the composite investigated using the method of Oliver and Pharr was observed to decrease with an increase in particle size. Results from the single point scans showed the composite with BaTiO3 particle size 100 nm, 200 nm and 500 nm having an average d33 of 2.1 pm/V, 3.0 pm/V and 3.9 pm/V while the average d33 obtained from the full surface scan of 1430 scan points showed 1.4 pm/V, 6.1 pm/V, 7.2 pm/V.
What is educational entrepreneurship? Strategic action, temporality, and the expansion of US higher education
Authors: Kindel Alexander T. , Stevens Mitchell L. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe massive expansion of US higher education after World War II is a sociological puzzle: a spectacular feat of state capacity-building in a highly federated polity. Prior scholarship names academic leaders as key drivers of this expansion, yet the conditions for the possibility and fate of their activity remain under-specified. We fill this gap by theorizing what Randall Collins first callededucational entrepreneurshipas a special kind of strategic action in the US polity. We argue that the cultural authority and organizational centrality of universities in the US national context combine with historical contingency to episodically produce conditions under which academic credentials can be made viable solutions to social problems. We put our theorization to the test by revisiting and extending a paradigmatic case: the expansion of engineering education at Stanford University between 1945 and 1969. Invoking several contemporaneous and subsequent cases, we demonstrate the promise of theorizing educational expansion as an outcome of strategic action by specifically located actors over time.
Zwischen Normalisierung und Dekonstruktion
Authors: Höblich Davina , Goede Hannah 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungDie gesellschaftliche Matrix der Heteronormativität prägt unbewusst das professionelle Handeln von Fachkräften der Sozialen Arbeit. Dies ist kritisch zu bewerten, da Normalitätsvorstellungen als hegemoniale Grenzziehungen zum Ausschluss (vermeintlich) von der Norm abweichender Personen aus der Gesellschaft führen. Der Beitrag gibt Impulse für eine Soziale Arbeit als Grenzbearbeiterin, die sich neben der Wahrnehmung und Kritik von Grenzziehungen auch der eigenen „Denormalisierungsangst“ stellt. Im Spannungsfeld zwischen Affirmation und Dekonstruktion von Differenz werden Ansatzpunkte für eine Veränderung der hegemonialen Geschlechterordnung sichtbar.
3D investigations of microscale mixing in helically coiled capillaries
Authors: Schuler Julia , Herath Jakob , Kockmann Norbert 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn capillary reactors, improving radial mixing and narrowing the residence time distribution is of great importance for high selectivity and reaction performance. A well-known approach is inducing secondary flow patterns by coiling the capillary around a cylinder. To increase understanding of transport phenomena in helically coiled capillaries non-invasive 3D imaging approaches are required. In this perspective paper, we introduce X-ray-based micro-computed tomography for the investigation of dispersion of iodide in a helically coiled tube. The methodology presented here allows for the direct evaluation of radial concentration fields. By varying Dean number $$Dn$$
D
n
and modified torsion parameter $${T}^{*}$$

T

∗

, the effect of torsion and curvature on the radial concentration profile can be identified. Detailed knowledge of local radial mixing in helically coiled capillaries will help the precise prediction of reaction progress and selectivity.
Graphical abstract