bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Italian survey on the use of T-tube in liver transplantation: old habits die hard!
Authors: Pravisani Riccardo , De Simone Paolo , Patrono Damiano , Lauterio Andrea , Cescon Matteo , Gringeri Enrico , Colledan Michele , Di Benedetto Fabrizio , di Francesco Fabrizio , Antonelli Barbara , Manzia Tommaso Maria , Carraro Amedeo , Vivarelli Marco , Regalia Enrico , Vennarecci Giovanni , Guglielmo Nicola , Cesaretti Manuela , Avolio Alfonso Wolfango , Valentini Maria Filippa , Lai Quirino , Baccarani Umberto 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThere is enough clinical evidence that a T-tube use in biliary reconstruction at adult liver transplantation (LT) does not significantly modify the risk of biliary stricture/leak, and it may even sustain infective and metabolic complications. Thus, the policy on T-tube use has been globally changing, with progressive application of more restrictive selection criteria. However, there are no currently standardized indications in such change, and many LT Centers rely only on own experience and routine. A nation-wide survey was conducted among all the 20 Italian adult LT Centers to investigate the current policy on T-tube use. It was found that 20% of Centers completely discontinued the T-tube use, while 25% Centers used it routinely in all LT cases. The remaining 55% of Centers applied a selective policy, based on criteria of technical complexity of biliary reconstruction (72.7%), followed by low-quality graft (63.6%) and high-risk recipient (36.4%). A T-tube use > 50% of annual caseload was not associated with high-volume Center status (> 70 LT per year), an active pediatric or living-donor transplant program, or use of DCD grafts. Only 10/20 (50%) Centers identified T-tube as a potential risk factor for complications other than biliary stricture/leak. In these cases, the suspected pathogenic mechanism comprised bacterial colonization (70%), malabsorption (70%), interruption of the entero-hepatic bile-acid cycle (50%), biliary inflammation due to an indwelling catheter (40%) and gut microbiota changes (40%). In conclusion, the prevalence of T-tube use among the Italian LT Centers is still relatively high, compared to the European trend (33%), and the potential detrimental effect of T-tube, beyond biliary stricture/leak, seems to be somehow underestimated.
Comparison of aspiration with sclerotherapy and laparoscopic deroofing for the treatment of symptomatic simple renal cysts: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Maugeri Andrea , Fanciulli Gabriele , Barchitta Martina , Agodi Antonella , Basile Guido 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThere are currently several strategies for the treatment of symptomatic simple renal cysts, such as aspiration with sclerosants and laparoscopic deroofing. However, no clear indication exists for choosing between them. Here, we carried out a systematic review and a meta-analysis of studies, which compared symptomatic and radiological success between aspiration with sclerotherapy and laparoscopic deroofing. Results were reported as relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) using laparoscopic deroofing as control group. The symptomatic and radiological successes were evaluated by 6 and 3 studies, respectively. Notably, aspiration with sclerotherapy was associated with higher risk of failure than laparoscopic deroofing (RR = 2.82; 95% CI = 1.84–4.31 for symptomatic failure; RR = 8.31; 95% CI = 4.22–16.38 for radiological failure). On the other hand, however, aspiration with sclerotherapy was associated with less frequent complications, shorter treatment duration and post-treatment hospital stay, and lower costs. Thus, our work underlines benefits and drawbacks of each intervention, raising the need for further studies to design guidelines for the management of simple renal cysts.
Analytical studies on deposition and entrainment present in the Venturi nozzle two-phase flow
Authors: Dolna Oktawia , Mikielewicz Jarosław , Rolka Paulina 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe syngas purification is a basic problem in the gas production process through the biomass gasification. This issue is important due to the use of the Venturi scrubbers in the syngas cleaning process. As it is commonly known, syngas is an alternative for the coal and using syngas instead of the coal leads to ‘clean energy’ generation. The paper concerns the analytical research studies on two-phase fluid flow pattern in Venturi’s throat. The uniform coverage of Venturi’s cross-section with small droplets plays a significant role in the dust particles collection and chemicals removal as Venturi’s cleaning efficiency mostly depends on this operation parameter. Therefore, the analysis of the two-phase fluid flow with respect to a droplet deposition and entrainment was carried out. Based on these research studies, it is possible to determine the variation of the liquid superficial velocity in the core of the flow and within the liquid wall film, the length at which the droplet entrainment starts to occur, the liquid fraction variation with Venturi’s throat length and diameter. The obtained analytical model, which is introduced in the paper, was validated with the use of the experimental data available in the literature.
Investigating the effect of materials and structures for negative pressure ventilators suitable for pandemic situation
Authors: Abughanam Nada , Gaben Shahd Sameer Mohammed , Chowdhury Muhammad E. H. , Khandakar Amith 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe onset of the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused shortages in mechanical ventilators (MVs) essential for the intensive care unit (ICU) in the hospitals. The increasing crisis prompted the investigation of ventilators which is low cost and offers lower health complications. Many researchers are revisiting the use of negative pressure ventilators (NPVs), due to the cost and complications of positive pressure ventilators (PPVs). This paper summarizes the evolution of the MVs, highlighting the limitations of popular positive and negative pressure ventilators and how NPV can be a cost-effective and lower health complication solution. This paper also provides a detailed investigation of the structure and material for the patient enclosure that can be used for a cost-effective NPV system using ANSYS simulations. The simulation results can confirm the selection and also help in developing a low cost while based on readily available materials. This can help the manufacturer to develop low-cost NPV and reduce the pressure on the healthcare system for any pandemic situation similar to COVID-19.
Optimization of pulp and acid leaching operations in zinc ingot production process with the data mining approach
Authors: Bamdad Shahrooz 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study presents a data mining approach to optimize the chemical processes. Typically, these processes are affected by a variety of interactive variables. So, their quality monitoring and detection usually emphasize changing main variables and their interaction effects. Sometimes, the input to the chemical processes lacks access to the raw materials, which causes the manufacturers to use residue instead of high-quality materials. The use of residue has flaws, most notably the low quality of the process output. In this paper, calculating the optimum points of process variables using residue with the data mining approach is suggested. As a real case, one of the operations of the zinc ingot production process, i.e., pulp and acid leaching operations, are studied. In this way, first, by studying the operation in detail, the required data are collected, and key input and output variables are distinguished. Then, by data pre-processing, the optimum points of the process are determined using data mining algorithms. Therefore, the input variable settings of the operation are extracted to optimize the output variables. To validate the results, a set of test data are used to examine the two periods before and after the variable settings. The results show that the operation output is improved significantly. According to the robustness of the proposed method, it can be used as a benchmark for other chemical processes.
Flexible welding of SiOx nanowire to macroporous carbon film and underlying new insights
Authors: Su Jiangbin , Wang Zhiwei , Ma Ji , He Zuming , Tang Bin , Jiang Meiping , Zhu Xianfang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWith the continuous decreasing in sizes of functional materials and devices, people are being asked to perform a flexible, accurate, in-situ and non-thermal welding of nanowires at the nanoscale. In this work, a well deliberated procedure including three typical stages: sharpening, hooking and welding, was carried out in sequence by in-situ TEM to realize the high demand welding of SiOx nanowire to macroporous carbon film. It was found that the brittle SiOx nanowire was non-thermally softened under energetic e-beam irradiation, and the flexibility and accuracy of welding could be achieved by adjusting the beam spot size, irradiation location and irradiation time. It was demonstrated that the nanocurvature effect of SiOx nanowire and the ultra-fast energy deposition effect induced by energetic e-beam irradiation dominated the diffusion, evaporation and plastic flow of atoms and the resulting nanowire re-shaping and nanowelding processes. In contrast, the traditional knock-on mechanism and e-beam heating effect are inadequate to explain these phenomena. Therefore, such a study is crucial not only to the flexible technical controlling but also to the profound fundamental understanding of energetic e-beam-induced nanowire re-shaping and nanowelding.
Paleowind directions from the magnetic fabric of loess deposits in the western Chinese Loess Plateau and implications for dust provenance
Authors: Gao Xinbo , Hao Qingzhen , Ge Junyi , Han Long , Fu Yu , Wu Xuechao , Deng Chenglong , Marković Slobodan B. , Guo Zhengtang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe aeolian loess-paleosol sequences in the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) are an excellent archive of variations in atmospheric circulation in the geological past. However, there is no consensus regarding the roles of the East Asian winter monsoon and westerly winds in transporting the dust responsible for loess deposition during glacial and interstadial periods. We conducted detailed measurements of the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) on two parallel loess profiles covering the most recent 130 ka in the western CLP to determine paleowind directions. Results show that the magnetic lineations of the loess and paleosol units in both sections are significantly clustered along the northwest to southeast direction. These observations demonstrate that the prevailing wind system responsible for dust transport in the western CLP was the northwesterly winter monsoon, rather than the westerly winds. The AMS-derived dust-bearing wind direction was relatively stable during the last glacial and interglacial cycle in the western CLP, consistent with sedimentary and AMS evidence from the eastern CLP. Accordingly, it is reasonable to conclude that large areas of deserts and Gobi deserts areas located in the upwind direction were the dominant sources for the aeolian deposits of the Loess Plateau.
Establishing a New Role for Antidumping Policy: Protection of an Unestablished Industry (Morocco–Hot-Rolled Steel (Turkey))
Authors: Crowley Meredith A. , Ortino Federico 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article analyses economic and legal issues in the WTO dispute between Morocco and Turkey over hot-rolled steel. Over 2013–2014, the Moroccan government conducted an antidumping investigation against two Turkish steel producers. Morocco's investigation concluded that Turkish dumping was retarding the establishment of a new domestic industry; antidumping duties were imposed against both Turkish producers. Turkey filed a complaint at the WTO in 2016, asserting procedural and substantive violations. The Panel found that Morocco had acted inconsistently with a number of WTO obligations, including those regarding its injury investigation. Although Morocco initially appealed the Panel's decision, it withdrew its appeal after the antidumping duties expired in September 2019. This case is unusual and important in that it was the first antidumping case in which a country sought to use antidumping duties to protect a newly developing industry. The Panel may have missed an opportunity to explore the definition of an ‘unestablished’ industry for purposes of determining injury in an antidumping investigation.
Precipitation Type Distribution and Microphysical Processes During the 1998 Ice Storm Simulated Under Pseudo‐Warmer Conditions
Authors: Cholette Mélissa , Thériault Julie Mireille 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn the future, the intensity, phases, and frequency of precipitation are expected to change due to global warming, in particular during colder seasons when temperatures are near 0°C. To investigate the impacts of warmer atmospheric conditions on the microphysical processes that lead to several precipitation types, the extreme 1998 Ice Storm was simulated using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, with and without a pseudo‐global warming. The pseudo‐global warming approach simulates similar large‐scale conditions but in warmer conditions, which allows for the assessment of thermodynamic feedback from cloud and precipitation microphysics. For both simulations, WRF was coupled with the Predicted Particle Properties (P3) bulk microphysics scheme that predicts the liquid fraction of mixed‐phase particles. Results of the pseudo‐global warming simulation show an increase of ∼828 m in the upper 0°C level and a northeastward migration (∼60 km) of the rain‐snow transition region. The results also show a 20% decrease in domain‐averaged freezing rain amounts, but with an increased maximum amount of 50%. The horizontal distance associated with a melting aloft and a refreezing layer near the surface is 105 km longer in southern Quebec due to the combined effects of the pseudo‐warming and the presence of the Appalachian Mountains. The microphysical processes that lead to precipitation are impacted as well; the increased ice mass and riming conditions aloft in warmer temperatures result in higher liquid precipitation rates. This study contributes to our understanding of the changes in the fine‐scale processes of an extreme storm, simulated with pseudo‐global warming conditions.
A Large Impact of Cooking Organic Aerosol (COA) on Particle Hygroscopicity and CCN Activity in Urban Atmosphere
Authors: Liu Jieyao , Zhang Fang , Xu Weiqi , Chen Lu , Ren Jingye , Jiang Sihui , Sun Yele , Li Zhanqing 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCooking organic aerosol (COA) constitutes a considerable proportion of fine particles in populated area, while there is a lack of understanding on its impact on climate. Using a data set from field observations in Beijing, we characterize the variations of COA in fine particulate matter (PM) and its effect on aerosols hygroscopicity and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity. The observed mass concentrations of COA from two campaigns of winter 2016 and summer 2017 were 5.5 ± 5.6 µg m−3 and 1.9 ± 2.1 µg m−3, respectively, corresponding to mass fraction of COA to PM1 and total OA of 8% ± 9% and 17% ± 13% in winter, 10% ± 9% and 19% ± 13% in summer. The strong COA sources are evidenced by apparent peak values in mass concentrations at lunch and dinner times. With increase of volume fraction of COA from ∼10% during noncooking time to ∼40% during dinner time, hygroscopic parameter of OA (κorg) is decreased from ∼0.21 to ∼0.06 (corresponding to a decrease of overall hygroscopic parameter of aerosols, κ, from ∼0.25 to ∼0.20), showing a critical role of COA in altering aerosols hygroscopicity. Further evaluation shows that the decrease in aerosols hygroscopicity caused by COA will reduce its CCN activity significantly (characterized by critical supersaturation, Sc, increasing from ∼0.25%–0.5% to ∼0.4%–0.7%). The current circumstance, which presents no apparent downward trends of COA in Beijing during last decades but much greater levels of COA in China than those in other regions around the world, suggests the great significance to account for the effect of COA on regional climate in models.
CD8+ T cells inhibit metastasis and CXCL4 regulates its function
Authors: Joseph Robiya , Soundararajan Rama , Vasaikar Suhas , Yang Fei , Allton Kendra L. , Tian Lin , den Hollander Petra , Isgandarova Sevinj , Haemmerle Monika , Mino Barbara , Zhou Tieling , Shin Crystal , Martinez-Paniagua Melisa , Sahin Aysegul A. , Rodriguez-Canales Jaime , Gelovani Juri , Chang Jeffrey T. , Acharya Ghanashyam , Sood Anil K. , Wistuba Ignacio I. , Gibbons Don L. , Solis Luisa M. , Barton Michelle C. , Varadarajan Navin , Rosen Jeffrey M. , Zhang Xiang H. , Mani Sendurai A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
The mechanism by which immune cells regulate metastasis is unclear. Understanding the role of immune cells in metastasis will guide the development of treatments improving patient survival.

Methods
We used syngeneic orthotopic mouse tumour models (wild-type, NOD/scid and Nude), employed knockout (CD8 and CD4) models and administered CXCL4. Tumours and lungs were analysed for cancer cells by bioluminescence, and circulating tumour cells were isolated from blood. Immunohistochemistry on the mouse tumours was performed to confirm cell type, and on a tissue microarray with 180 TNBCs for human relevance. TCGA data from over 10,000 patients were analysed as well.

Results
We reveal that intratumoral immune infiltration differs between metastatic and non-metastatic tumours. The non-metastatic tumours harbour high levels of CD8+ T cells and low levels of platelets, which is reverse in metastatic tumours. During tumour progression, platelets and CXCL4 induce differentiation of monocytes into myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), which inhibit CD8+ T-cell function. TCGA pan-cancer data confirmed that CD8lowPlatelethigh patients have a significantly lower survival probability compared to CD8highPlateletlow.

Conclusions
CD8+ T cells inhibit metastasis. When the balance between CD8+ T cells and platelets is disrupted, platelets produce CXCL4, which induces MDSCs thereby inhibiting the CD8+ T-cell function.
Regulated cell death pathways in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity
Authors: Christidi Effimia , Brunham Liam R. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDoxorubicin is a chemotherapeutic drug used for the treatment of various malignancies; however, patients can experience cardiotoxic effects and this has limited the use of this potent drug. The mechanisms by which doxorubicin kills cardiomyocytes has been elusive and despite extensive research the exact mechanisms remain unknown. This review focuses on recent advances in our understanding of doxorubicin induced regulated cardiomyocyte death pathways including autophagy, ferroptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis and apoptosis. Understanding the mechanisms by which doxorubicin leads to cardiomyocyte death may help identify novel therapeutic agents and lead to more targeted approaches to cardiotoxicity testing.
Linking the YTH domain to cancer: the importance of YTH family proteins in epigenetics
Authors: Shi Rongkai , Ying Shilong , Li Yadan , Zhu Liyuan , Wang Xian , Jin Hongchuan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractN6-methyladenosine (m6A), the most prevalent and reversible modification of mRNA in mammalian cells, has recently been extensively studied in epigenetic regulation. YTH family proteins, whose YTH domain can recognize and bind m6A-containing RNA, are the main “readers” of m6A modification. YTH family proteins perform different functions to determine the metabolic fate of m6A-modified RNA. The crystal structure of the YTH domain has been completely resolved, highlighting the important roles of several conserved residues of the YTH domain in the specific recognition of m6A-modified RNAs. Upstream and downstream targets have been successively revealed in different cancer types and the role of YTH family proteins has been emphasized in m6A research. This review describes the regulation of RNAs by YTH family proteins, the structural features of the YTH domain, and the connections of YTH family proteins with human cancers.
TFEB regulates pluripotency transcriptional network in mouse embryonic stem cells independent of autophagy–lysosomal biogenesis
Authors: Tan Anderson , Prasad Renuka , Jho Eek-hoon 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTranscription factor EB (TFEB), a well-known master regulator of autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis, is a member of the microphthalmia family of transcription factors (MiT family). Over the years, TFEB has been shown to have diverse roles in various physiological processes such as clearance for intracellular pathogenic factors and having developmental functions such as dendritic maturation, as well as osteoclast, and endoderm differentiation. However, in the present study, we propose a novel mechanism for TFEB governing pluripotency of mouse ESCs (mESCs) by regulating the pluripotency transcriptional network (PTN) in these cells. We observed high levels of TFEB mRNA and protein levels in undifferentiated mESCs. Interestingly, we found a reduction of Nanog and Sox2 levels in TFEB knockout (KO) mESCs while pluripotency was maintained as there was an upregulation of TFE3, a potent stem cell maintenance factor. In consistent, double knockout of TFEB/TFE3 (TFEB/3 DKO) reduced mESC pluripotency, as indicated by the loss of ESC morphology, reduction of ESC markers, and the emergence of differentiation markers. We further discovered that Nanog was a TFEB target gene in undifferentiated mESCs. TFEB also promoted sex-determining region Y-box2 (Sox2) transcription by forming a heterodimer with Sox2 in mESCs. Notably, Sox2, Oct4, and Nanog were also binding to the TFEB promoter and thus generating a feed-forward loop in relation to TFEB. Although high levels of nuclear TFEB are expected to enhance autophagy–lysosomal activity, undifferentiated mESC remarkably displayed low basal autophagy–lysosomal activity. Overexpression or knockout of TFEB did not affect the expression of TFEB lysosomal–autophagy target genes and TFEB also had a lesser binding affinity to its own lysosomal promoter-target genes in mESCs compared to differentiated cells. Collectively, these findings define a newly incorporative, moonlighting function for TFEB in regulating PTN, independent of its autophagy–lysosomal biogenesis roles.