bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Access to 2‐Arylquinazolin‐4(3H)‐ones through Intramolecular Oxidative C(sp3)−H/N−H Cross‐Coupling Mediated by I2/DMSO
Authors: Wen Simiaomiao , Du Yifan , Liu Yiwen , Cui Xiaofeng , Liu Qixing , Zhou Haifeng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA novel approach for the synthesis of 2‐arylquinazolin‐4(3H)‐ones was developed. A series of title compounds were obtained with good functional group tolerance and good yields by I2/DMSO‐mediated intramolecular oxidative cross‐coupling of 2‐(benzylamino)benzamides to form C=N double bonds. This method was applicable for gram‐scale synthesis. A proposed reaction pathway based on some control experiments was also provided.
Expanding the clinicopathological spectrum of TGFBR3‐PLAG1 rearranged salivary gland neoplasms with myoepithelial differentiation including evidence of high‐grade transformation
Authors: Rupp Niels J. , Höller Sylvia , Brada Muriel , Vital Domenic , Morand Grégoire B. , Broglie Martina A. , Huellner Martin W. , Freiberger Sandra N. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPLAG1 rearrangements have been described as a molecular hallmark of salivary gland pleomorphic adenoma (PA), carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CEPA), and myoepithelial carcinoma (MECA). Several fusion partners have been described, however, commonly no further assignment to the aforementioned entities or a morphological prediction can be made based on the knowledge of the fusion partner alone. In contrast, TGFBR3‐PLAG1 fusion has been specifically described and characterized as an oncogenic driver in MECA, and less common in MECA ex PA. Here, we describe the clinicopathological features of three TGFBR3‐PLAG1 fusion‐positive salivary gland neoplasms, all of which arose in the deep lobe of the parotid gland. Histopathology showed high morphological similarities, encompassing encapsulation, a polylobular growth pattern, bland basaloid and oncocytoid cells with myoepithelial differentiation, and a distinct sclerotic background. All cases showed at least limited, unusual foci of minimal invasion into adjacent salivary gland tissue, including one case with ERBB2 (Her2/neu) amplified, TP53 mutated high‐grade transformation, and lymph node metastases. Of note, all cases illustrated focal ductal differentiation. Classification remains difficult, as morphological overlaps between myoepithelial‐rich cellular PA, myoepithelioma, and MECA were observed. However, evidence of minimal invasion advocates classification as low‐grade MECA. This case series further characterizes the spectrum of uncommon cellular myoepithelial neoplasms harboring TGFBR3‐PLAG1 fusion, which show recurrent minimal invasion of the adjacent salivary gland tissue, a predilection to the deep lobe of the parotid gland, and potential high‐grade transformation.
Health literacy: What lessons can be learned from the experiences and policies of different countries?
Authors: Adriaenssens Jef , Rondia Karin , Van den Broucke Stephan , Kohn Laurence 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundAdequate levels of health literacy (HL) are crucial to ensure good quality of health, social life and wellbeing. HL is a mediating factor in health disparities. Low HL hampers interaction with healthcare. HL is a shared responsibility of individuals and the healthcare system. Multi‐dimensional programs and policies should be set up.AimTo learn from current HL policies and action plans and to identify elements to consider for the development of national HL plans.MethodTransversal analysis of HL policies in six countries, based on a preliminary scoping review. A combination of document analysis and key informant approach. Local experts validated and completed information for their country. A transversal comparison was performed.ResultsSeveral approaches were identified, often influenced by contextual factors, healthcare reforms and existence of centers of expertise. Some governments developed full‐fledged, standalone plans, while others developed broader plans covering the entire health and care sector. Some took a conceptually driven, high level approach. Others took a pragmatic approach. And some did not have a governmental plan at all.ConclusionPolicy makers should analyse their state structure and health system, and search for local ‘pockets of excellence’, to develop a well‐planned, substantiated HL approach for their country.
Adalimumab and sulfasalazine in alleviating sacroiliac and aortic inflammation detected in PET/CT in patients with axial spondyloarthritis: PETSPA
Authors: Kaijasilta Juha‐Pekka , Kerola Anne M. , Tuompo Riitta , Relas Heikki , Loimaala Antti , Koivu Hannu , Schildt Jukka , Kerola Tuomas , Eklund Kari , Kauppi Markku J. , Nieminen Tuomo V. M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimInflammatory signals in the sacroiliac (SI) joints and the aorta of patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) were graded by positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging before and after treatment with sulfasalazine (SSZ) or adalimumab (ADA).MethodsPatients with axSpA, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) ≥ 4, were recruited. Disease‐modifying antirheumatic drug‐naïve patients started SSZ for 12 weeks, whereas those with prestudy treatment with or contraindication to SSZ commenced ADA for 16 weeks. In addition, those patients in the SSZ group with insufficient response commenced ADA for 16 weeks. 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT was performed after inclusion and after treatment with SSZ and ADA. Maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) was assessed for the aorta and the SI joints, and maximal target‐to‐blood‐pool ratio (TBRmax) only for the aorta.ResultsAmong five SSZ patients, mean ± SD BASDAI was 4.7 ± 1.6 before and 3.5 ± 1.4 after treatment (p = .101). In 13 ADA patients, the BASDAI decreased from 5.4 ± 1.6 to 2.8 ± 2.2 (p < .001). Among the SSZ patients, SUVmax in SI joints decreased from 2.35 ± 0.55 to 1.51 ± 0.22 (−35.8%, p = .029). Aortic TBRmax decreased from 1.59 ± 0.43 to 1.26 ± 0.26 (−33.2%, p = .087). In the ADA patients, SUVmax in the SI joints was 1.92 ± 0.65 before and 1.88 ± 0.54 after treatment (−1.8%, p = .808) and TBRmax in the aorta 1.50 ± 0.60 before and 1.40 ± 0.26 after treatment (−6.7%, p = .485).ConclusionsOur small open‐label study showed that SSZ may reduce PET‐CT‐detectable inflammation in the SI joints, with a trend towards a reduction in the aorta.
Antiviral drugs suppress infection of 2019‐nCoV spike pseudotyped virus by interacting with ACE2 protein
Authors: Wang Jue , Zhang Yongjing , Hu Shiling , Bai Haoyun , Xue Zhuoyin , Liu Yanhong , Ma Weina 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has induced a large number of deaths worldwide. Angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the entry receptor for the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019‐nCoV) to infect the host cells. Therefore, ACE2 may be an important target for the prevention and treatment of COVID‐19. The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibition effect of valaciclovir hydrochloride (VACV), zidovudine (ZDV), saquinavir (SQV), and efavirenz (EFV) on 2019‐nCoV infection. The results of molecule docking and surface plasmon resonance showed that VACV, ZDV, SQV, and EFV could bind to ACE2 protein, with the KD value of (4.33 ± 0.09) e−8, (6.29 ± 1.12) e−6, (2.37 ± 0.59) e−5, and (4.85 ± 1.57) e−5 M, respectively. But only ZDV and EFV prevent the 2019‐nCoV spike pseudotyped virus to enter ACE2‐HEK293T cells with an EC50 value of 4.30 ± 1.46 and 3.92 ± 1.36 μM, respectively. ZDV and EFV also have a synergistic effect on preventing entry of virus into cells. In conclusion, ZDV and EFV suppress 2019‐nCoV infection of ACE2‐HEK293T cells by interacting with ACE2.
Data on multiple regression analysis between boron, nickel, arsenic, antimony, and biological substrates in horses: The role of hematological biomarkers
Authors: Giannetto Claudia , Fazio Francesco , Nava Vincenzo , Arfuso Francesca , Piccione Giuseppe , Coelho Clarisse , Gugliandolo Enrico , Licata Patrizia 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the biomarkers of exposure to boron, nickel, arsenic, and antimony in an industrial region, evaluating the bioaccumulation in biological substrates and the correlation with biomarkers such as hematological parameters. Through indication of the accumulation of some minerals in the horse's biological substrates reflects environmental pollution. Moreover, an additional aim of the study was to show whether these contaminants have an influence on the hematological parameters in horses. Blood, serum, mane, and tail samples from 20 horses from an industrial area were analyzed to determine boron (B), nickel (Ni), arsenic (As), antimony (Sb) concentration. Hematological parameters (red blood cell [RBC], white blood cells [WBC], hemoglobin [Hb], hematocrit [Hct], mean corpuscular volume [MCV], mean corpuscular hemoglobin [MCH], mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration [MCHC], platelet [PLT]) as a biomarker of blood in relation to the bioaccumulation of these elements were analyzed also. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed and single regression analysis (Pearson) and multiple regression analysis (p < 0.05) between blood factors, As, B, Ni, and Sb concentrations, and for each mineral in different substrate, respectively. Results showed a significant correlation between tail and mane concentrations with serum and blood for boron concentration (r = −1 p < 0.05). No significant correlation between sample (feed, hay, mane, tail, and water) concentrations and As, Ni, and Sb were found. A significantly negative correlation with blood parameters (r = −1 p < 0.05) was observed in Boron concentration for mane and tail. This suggests that the mane and tail may be a potential means to investigate suspected exposure to excessive levels of trace minerals.
Activation of SGLT3a in endometrial epithelial cells induces paracrine stromal cell decidualization
Authors: Liu Min , Wang Yicheng , Ma Yongdan , Zhang Xueqin , Zhang Lixue , Nie Li , Guo Wenjing , Zhao Dan , Zhang Jinhu , Yuan Dongzhi , Yue Limin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEndometrial epithelial cells (EECs) and stromal cells (ESCs) have a close functional association. During the peri‐implantation period, EECs with enhanced functional activities secrete a variety of paracrine factors to promote the decidualization of ESCs. However, little is known about the specific process by which EECs secrete paracrine factors to induce the decidualization of ESCs. Some evidence suggests that the activation of sodium‐glucose cotransporter 3a (SGLT3a) induces the depolarization of ESCs to affect their function. Therefore, SGLT3a acts as a sensor molecule in certain cell types. In this study, the expression of SGLT3a was investigated in EECs to determine whether its levels increased during the peri‐implantation period in female mice. The activation of SGLT3a in mouse EECs induced Na+‐dependent depolarization of the cell membrane and an influx of extracellular Ca2+, which further promoted the expression and release of the paracrine factors prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and F2‐alpha (PGF2α) by upregulating the expression of cyclooxygenase‐2. In turn, PGE2 and PGF2α induced the decidualization of ESCs. Importantly, we identified SGLT3a as a key molecule involved in the cross‐talk between EECs and ESCs during the process of uterine decidualization.
Red meat consumption and risk of frailty in older women
Authors: Struijk Ellen A. , Fung Teresa T. , Sotos‐Prieto Mercedes , Rodriguez‐Artalejo Fernando , Willett Walter C. , Hu Frank B. , Lopez‐Garcia Esther 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundRed meat is a nutrient‐dense source of protein fundamental for older adults; however, red meat is also high in detrimental components, including saturated fat. It is unclear whether habitual red meat consumption is associated with risk of frailty. This study aimed to examine the prospective association between the consumption of total, unprocessed, and processed red meat and the risk of frailty in older adults.MethodsWe analysed data from 85 871 women aged ≥60 participating in the Nurses' Health Study. Consumption of total, unprocessed, and processed red meat was obtained from repeated food frequency questionnaires administered between 1980 and 2010. Frailty was defined as having at least three of the following five criteria from the FRAIL scale: fatigue, low strength, reduced aerobic capacity, having ≥5 chronic illnesses, and unintentional weight loss ≥5%. The occurrence of frailty was assessed every four years from 1992 to 2014.ResultsDuring 22 years of follow‐up (median follow‐up 14 years), we identified 13 279 incident cases of frailty. Women with a higher intake of red meat showed an increased risk of frailty after adjustment for lifestyle factors, medication use, and dietary factors. The relative risk (95% confidence interval) for one serving/day increment in consumption was 1.13 (1.08, 1.18) for total red meat, 1.08 (1.02, 1.15) for unprocessed red meat, and 1.26 (1.15, 1.39) for processed red meat. When each component of the frailty syndrome was individually examined, each of them was positively associated with total red meat consumption, except for the weight loss criterion. Replacing one serving/day of unprocessed red meat with other protein sources was associated with significantly lower risk of frailty; the risk reduction estimates were 22% for fish and 14% for nuts, while for replacement of processed red meat, the percentages were 33% for fish, 26% for nuts, 13% for legumes, and 16% for low‐fat dairy.ConclusionsHabitual consumption of unprocessed and processed red meat was associated with a higher risk of frailty. Replacement of red meat by other protein sources might reduce the risk of frailty. These findings are in line with dietary guidelines promoting diets that emphasize plant‐based sources of protein.
The importance of selection bias in prospective birth cohort studies
Authors: Larsson Henrik 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSophisticated statistical analyses of data from large‐scale prospective birth cohort studies combined with thoughtful study designs have advanced understanding about the causes, consequences and developmental course of child and adolescent mental health problems. Available large‐scale prospective cohort studies, such as ALSPAC, MoBA, and TEDS have many noteworthy strengths, but they all suffer from non‐random non‐participation and attrition over time. Recent findings have highlighted that prospective birth cohort studies need to carefully consider the importance of selection bias.
Effects of in utero exposure to monosodium glutamate on locomotion, anxiety, depression, memory and KCC2 expression in offspring
Authors: Biney Robert Peter , Djankpa Francis Tanam , Osei Silas Acheampong , Egbenya Daniel Lawer , Aboagye Benjamin , Karikari Akua Afriyie , Ussif Abdala , Wiafe Gideon Akuamoah , Nuertey David 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn pregnancy, there is a significant risk for developing embryos to be adversely affected by everyday chemicals such as food additives and environmental toxins. In recent times, several studies have documented the detrimental effect of exposure to such chemicals on the behaviour and neurodevelopment of the offspring. This study evaluated the influence of the food additive, monosodium glutamate (MSG), on behaviour and development in mice. Pregnant dams were exposed to MSG 2 or 4 g/kg or distilled water from gestation day 10–20. On delivery, postnatal day 1 (PN 1), 3 pups were sacrificed and whole brain samples assayed for KCC2 expression by western blot. The remaining pups were housed until PN 43 before commencing behavioural assessment. Their weights were measured at birth and at 3 days intervals until PN 42. The impact of prenatal exposure to MSG on baseline exploratory, anxiety and depression behaviours as well as spatial and working memory was assessed. In utero exposure to 4 g/kg MSG significantly reduced exploratory drive and increased depression‐like behaviours but did not exert any significant impact on anxiety‐like behaviours (p < 0.01). Additionally, there was a two‐fold increase in KCC2 expression in both 2 and 4 g/kg MSG‐exposed offspring.ConclusionThis study indicates that, in utero exposure to MSG increases the expression of KCC2 and causes significant effect on locomotion and depression‐like behaviours but only marginally affects memory function.
Coloring count cones of planar graphs
Authors: Dvořák Zdeněk , Lidický Bernard 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFor a plane near‐triangulation with the outer face bounded by a cycle , let denote the function that to each 4‐coloring of assigns the number of ways extends to a 4‐coloring of . The Block‐count reducibility argument (which has been developed in connection with attempted proofs of the Four Color Theorem) is equivalent to the statement that the function belongs to a certain cone in the space of all functions from 4‐colorings of to real numbers. We investigate the properties of this cone for , formulate a conjecture strengthening the Four Color Theorem, and present evidence supporting this conjecture.
Immune Response to Silk Sericin–Fibroin Composites: Potential Immunogenic Elements and Alternatives for Immunomodulation
Authors: Ode Boni Biaou Oscar , Bakadia Bianza Moïse , Osi Amarachi Rosemary , Shi Zhijun , Chen Hong , Gauthier Mario , Yang Guang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe unique properties of silk proteins (SPs), particularly silk sericin (SS) and silk fibroin (SF), have attracted attention in the design of scaffolds for tissue engineering over the past decades. Since SF has good mechanical properties, while SS displays bioactivity, scaffolds combining both proteins should exhibit complementary properties enhancing the potential of these materials. Unfortunately, SS–SF composites can generate chronic immune responses and their immunogenic element is not completely clear. The potential of SS–SF composites in tissue engineering, elements which may contribute to their immunogenicity, and alternatives for their preparation and design, to modulate the immune response and take advantage of their useful properties, are discussed in this review. It is known that SS can enhance β‐sheet formation in SF, which may act as hydrophobic regions with a strong affinity for adsorption proteins inducing the chronic recruitment of inflammatory cells. Therefore, tailoring the exposure of hydrophobic regions at the scaffold surface should represent a viable strategy to modulate the immune response. This can be achieved by coating SS–SF composites with SS or other hydrophilic polymers, to take advantage of their antibiofouling properties. Research is still needed to realize the full potential of these composites for tissue engineering.
Colorectal cancer risk susceptibility loci in a Swedish population
Authors: Liu Wen , Mahdessian Hovsep , Helgadottir Hafdis , Zhou Xingwu , Thutkawkorapin Jessada , Jiao Xiang ,   The Swedish Low‐risk Colorectal Cancer Study Group, Wolk Alicja , Lindblom Annika 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTo search for colorectal cancer (CRC) risk loci, Swedish samples were used for a genome‐wide haplotype analysis. A logistic regression model was employed in 2663 CRC cases and 1642 controls in the discovery analysis. Three analyses were done, on all, familial‐, and nonfamilial CRC samples and only results with odds ratio (OR) > 1 were analyzed. single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis did not generate any statistically significant results. Haplotype analysis suggested novel loci, on chromosome 2q36.1 (OR = 1.71, p value = 5.6924 × 10−8) in all CRC samples, chromosome 1q43 (OR = 4.04 p value = 3.24 × 10−8) in familial CRC samples, and two hits in nonfamilial CRC samples, chromosomes 2q36.1 (OR = 1.71 p value = 5.69 × 10−8) and 3p24.3 (OR = 1.62 p value = 6.21 × 10−9). Moreover, one locus on chromosome 20q13.33 was suggested in analyses of all samples, and five more novel loci were suggested on chromosomes 10q25.3, 15q,22.31, 17p11.2, 1p34.2, and 3q24. The haplotypes from the analysis of all samples were replicated in a second study of CRC cases and controls from the same part of Sweden. In summary, using haplotype analysis in Swedish CRC samples, the best hits were novel loci and the locus on chromosomes 2q36.1 and 20q13.33 suggested in the analysis of all samples were confirmed in a second cohort. The ORs were often higher than ORs from published genome‐wide association study (GWAS). The study suggested it was possible that a risk locus could involve more than one gene, and that haplotypes could give information on the gene or genes possibly involved in the risk at specific locus.
Rose petal effect: A subtle combination of nano‐scale roughness and chemical variability
Authors: Almonte Lisa , Pimentel Carlos , Rodríguez‐Cañas Enrique , Abad José , Fernández Victoria , Colchero Jaime 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRose petals may involve high water contact angles together with drop adhesion which are antagonistic wetting properties. Petal surfaces have a cuticle which is generally considered a continuous, hydrophobic lipid coating. The peculiar properties of rose petals are not fully understood and have been associated with high surface roughness at different scales. Here, the chemical and structural features of natural upper and lower petal surfaces are analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Both rose petal surfaces are statistically equivalent and have very high roughness at all scales from 5 nm to 10 μm. At the nanoscale, surfaces are fractal‐like with an extreme fractal dimension close to df = 2.5. A major nanoscale variability is also observed which leads to large (nanoscale) wettability changes. To model the effect of roughness and chemical variability on wetting properties, a single wetting parameter is introduced. This approach enables to explain the Rose petal effect using a conceptually simple scheme. The described fundamental mechanisms leading to high contact angles together with drop adhesion can be applied to any natural and synthetic surface. Apart from introducing a new approach for characterizing a biological surface, these results can trigger new developments on nanoscale wetting and bio‐inspired functional surfaces.
Study on Improving Low‐Temperature Mechanical Properties of Nitroguanidine Propellant by Triethanolamine
Authors: Xu Bin , Zhu Deng‐pan , Liu Zhi‐tao , Liao Xin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNitroguanidine (NQ) is one of the most popular ingredients in propellant formula, and always contributes a high weight content due to its outstanding capability in flame temperature controlling. But the mechanical properties of these NQ propellants are usually not good, especially at low temperatures. In order to improve the low‐temperature mechanical properties of the NQ propellant, triethanolamine (TEA) is used to coat NQ before propellant manufacturing. Infrared spectra show that TEA forms hydrogen bond with NQ, and the mechanical properties of the corresponding propellant at low temperatures are improved. Compared with the original NQ propellant, the anti‐impact strength, the compressive resistance and the extension strength of the modified propellant are raised by 44.6 %, 20.6 % and 7.1 % at −40°C, respectively. The low‐temperature maximum burning rate and maximum pressure of TEA‐coated NQ propellant obtained from closed bomb test are 29.6 % and 4.06 % lower than those of the original propellant, which can be attributed to the changes in the combustion process caused by TEA. No accidental combustion occurred during the entire combustion process, indicating that TEA can be considered to improve the low‐temperature mechanical properties of NQ propellant.