bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rats, Rooms and Riots: Usage of Space by Immigrants in the Dutch Town Utrecht 1945–1970
Authors: Schrover Marlou 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Immigrant access to space depended on the activities of local authorities, claim makers, journalists and firms. Together they shaped policies regarding immigrant housing, and more indirectly community formation. Local actors played a key role in migration governance, although they mostly did not work together. This article focusses on the Dutch town Utrecht, where housing was a major issue and immigrant housing was considered to be the worst in the Netherlands. When the number of immigrants was low, when employers arranged housing, and when the immigrants could be presented as much-needed workers, there were fewer protests. This article shows that immigrants lived where they were housed, where they could afford to, or were allowed to live, and only partly where they chose to live. Authorities attached value to the input of immigrant organisation, but most initiatives were for immigrants, rather than by immigrants.
Observed Processes Underlying the Favorable Vortex Repositioning Early in the Development of Hurricane Dorian (2019)
Authors: Alvey George R. , Fischer Michael , Reasor Paul , Zawislak Jonathan , Rogers Robert 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Dorian’s evolution from a weak, disorganized tropical storm to a rapidly intensifying hurricane is documented through a unique multiplatform synthesis of NOAA’s P-3 tail-Doppler radar, airborne in situ data, and Météo-France’s Martinique and Guadeloupe ground radar network. Dorian initially struggled to intensify with a misaligned vortex in moderate midtropospheric vertical wind shear that also allowed detrimental impacts from dry air near the inner core. Despite vertical wind shear eventually decreasing to less than 5 m s−1 and an increasingly symmetric distribution of stratiform precipitation, the vortex maintained its misalignment with asymmetric convection for 12 h. Then, as the low-level circulation (LLC) approached St. Lucia, deep convection near the LLC center dissipated, the LLC broadened, and precipitation expanded radially outward from the center temporally coinciding with the diurnal cycle. Convection then developed farther downtilt within a more favorable, humid environment and deepened appreciably at least partially due to interaction with Martinique. A distinct repositioning of the LLC toward Martinique was induced by a spinup of a mesovortex into a small, compact LLC. It is hypothesized that this somewhat atypical reformation event and the repositioning of the vortex into a more favorable environment, farther from detrimental dry midtropospheric air, increased its favorability for the rapid intensification that subsequently ensued. Although the repositioning resulted in tilt reducing to less than the scale of the vortex itself, the preexisting broad mid- to upper-level cyclonic envelope remained intact with continued misalignment observed between the midlevel center and repositioned LLC even during the early stages of rapid intensification.
Relationships Are Built on Sunny Days: Uncovering Quiet Weather Communication Strategies
Authors: Liu Brooke Fisher , Seate Anita Atwell , Kim Ji Youn , Hawblitzel Daniel , Lee Saymin , Ma Xin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study proposes the concept of quiet weather communication and offers the first framework of quiet weather communication strategies tied to specific public outcomes (e.g., build and maintain organization–public relationships). Most of the risk communication literature focuses on severe weather communication. We posit that through defining and examining quiet weather strategic communication we can better understand how the weather enterprise can prepare communities for future severe weather. Through four virtual focus groups with 28 NWS and broadcast meteorologists, we operationalize quiet weather communication strategies (humanize the organization, provide weather education, share the love of blue skies, and showcase quiet weather trends). We then report meteorologists’ perceptions of the strengths and weaknesses of each strategy and propose future directions for research on quiet weather communication.
Radial Width of the Lateral Meniscus at the Popliteal Hiatus: Relevance to Saucerization of Discoid Lateral Menisci
Authors: Gamble Jamison G. , Abdalla Abdalla B. , Meadows Molly G. , Rauer Thomas , Chan Charles M. , Ganley Theodore J. , Tompkins Marc , Shea Kevin G. , Gamble James G. 
Published: November 2021

Background: A discoid lateral meniscus (DLM) is a congenital anomaly of the knee in which the lateral meniscus has an “O” shape and contains irregular, abnormal collagenous tissue. A DLM can cause mechanical symptoms and pain. Treatment of a symptomatic DLM is arthroscopic saucerization to reshape the meniscus to a more normal contour. Enough tissue must be removed to eliminate mechanical symptoms but not too much to create instability. The residual width of the meniscus is crucial at the popliteus hiatus because here the peripheral rim is unattached at the capsule. Reports in the literature recommend a residual width of 6 to 8 mm. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this research was to determine the width of the lateral meniscus at the popliteal hiatus in normal specimens. Our null hypothesis was that a residual width of 6 to 8 mm will be sufficient to approximate normal anatomy. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: We made direct measurements of the radial width of the lateral meniscus from the outer rim at the popliteal hiatus to the inner edge in 19 specimens (age, 2-120 months.) We measured one 4-year-old specimen with a bilateral complete DLM. We also measured 39 digital images of specimens (age, 1-132 months) using ImageJ. Finally, we made direct arthroscopic measurements of 8 skeletally mature specimens. Results: The average width of specimens <3 years old was 5.5 mm. The average width of the 10-year-old specimens was 12 mm. The average width of the skeletally mature specimens was 16 mm. A 4-year-old DLM specimen measured 19 mm. Conclusion: We rejected our null hypothesis. Direct measurements suggest that a residual width of 6 to 8 mm is insufficient for children ≥8 years old. A width of at least a full centimeter approximates the normal for 8-year-olds and at least 15 mm for adolescents.
GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphism among North Indian lung cancer patients treated using monotherapy and poly-pharmacy
Authors: Walia Harleen Kaur , Singh Navneet , Sharma Siddharth 
Published: November 2021

Background Genetic polymorphism within the P1 isoenzyme of the Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST) family is found to modulate and alter the enzyme activity of GSTP1 protein and thus may result in a change of sensitivity to platinum-based chemotherapy. We investigated the relationship between GSTP1 Ile 105 Val polymorphisms and overall survival, treatment response, and for both hematological and non-hematological toxicity of advanced North Indian lung cancer patients undergoing platinum-based double chemotherapy. Methods The polymorphism of GSTP1 Ile 105 Val in North Indian lung cancer patients was assessed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. A total of 682 lung cancer patients were enrolled in the study, and it was observed that patients who were carrying both the mutant alleles ( Val/Val) for the GSTP1 polymorphism showed a higher trend of median survival time (MST) as compared to the patients bearing the wild type of genotype (Ile/Ile) (MST = 8.30 vs. 7.47, p = 0.56). Based on toxicity profiling, we observed that lung cancer patients with the mutant genotype of GSTP1 (Val/Val) had an increased risk of leukopenia (OR = 2.41; 95% CI = 1.39-4.18, p = 0.001) as compared to subjects carrying both copies of the wild alleles (Ile/Ile). Our data suggested that patients with heterozygous genotype (Ile/Val) had a 2.14-fold increased risk of developing severe anemia (OR = 2.14, 95% CI = 0.97-4.62, p = 0.03). Our data also showed that in small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) patients' polymorphism of GSTP1 was associated with thrombocytopenia (χ2 test = 7.32, p = 0.02). Conclusions Our results suggest that GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphism could be a predictive biomarker for hematological toxicity, like leukopenia and anemia, but not thrombocytopenia or neutropenia
Factors of Small Business Mentoring and Practices
Authors: Kar Brajaballav , Sarangi Subrat 
Published: November 2021

Mentoring is essential when we consider the socio-economic profile of small business owners and the considerable rate of business failure. Entrepreneurs are independent as well as innovative by nature, and they may not like to discuss their confidential business issues with a third party. On the other hand, a mentor has to understand, help, support and improve overall aspects of the mentee’s business. Thus, mentoring entrepreneurs seems to be inherently contradictory. The function of the mentor and the mentoring process outcomes are not precisely understood. The argument ‘Mentoring is what a mentor does’ indicates the lack of clarity. This research uses a semi-structured interview and survey method to understand the mentoring process in practice. The perceptions and expectations of mentors and small business owners are analysed. Findings indicate that mentors are more likely to underestimate the outcomes of the mentoring process compared to mentees. The appropriate experience and expertise of the mentor are considered more important in the mentoring process. There are no significant differences in the perceptions between mentors and business owners regarding mentoring contribution to marketing, finance and people management skills. Factor analysis for the 15 variables used in the scale suggests 6 factors such as capacity building, connect, chronemics, collaboration, concreteness and trust (5Cs and 1T) to be critical mentoring outcomes. The article contributes to small business owners, mentoring practitioners and funding agencies by clarifying the relationship among various factors involved in mentoring. The article also discusses the future agenda for research on small business mentoring.
Vitreoschisis and retinal detachment: New insight in proliferative vitreoretinopathy
Authors: Rizzo Stanislao , de Angelis Lorenzo , Barca Francesco , Bacherini Daniela , Vannozzi Lorenzo , Giansanti Fabrizio , Faraldi Francesco , Caporossi Tomaso 
Published: November 2021

Purpose To assess the occurrence of peripheral vitreoschisis-induced vitreous cortex remnants (p-VCRs) in primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RD) and investigate whether the presence of p-VCRs results in a greater risk of RD recurrence, secondary to Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy (PVR) development after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV). Methods Patients who underwent PPV for primary rhegmatogenous RD between January 2016 and December 2018 were included. The presence of residual p-VCRs was confirmed intraoperatively using triamcinolone acetonide (TA). Patients with p-VCRs were divided into two groups: Group A comprised of patients who underwent PPV without p-VCR removal, while Group B included patients who underwent PPV with p-VCR removal. Results Four hundred-thirteen eyes with evidence of p-VCR were analyzed. Two-hundred-twenty-three eyes underwent PPV without VCR removal (Group A), while 190 eyes underwent PPV with p-VCR removal (Group B). Primary anatomical success was 91.5% in the Group A and 95.4% in the group B. Retinal re-detachment due to PVR occurred in 17 (7.6%) eyes in Group A and in four (2.1%) eyes in Group B within the first 3 months (p  =  0.01). Among group A, in 11 eyes, there was a diffuse posterior PVR grade C, while six eyes were focal PVR grade C. In Group B, we observed four retinal re-detachment due to focal PVR grade C. Conclusion The presence of p-VCRs seems to be associated with a higher incidence of PVR development and might also result in more complex RD recurrence, this suggests the need for more aggressive VCRs removal during the first surgery.
Association Between Musculoskeletal Pain and Psychological Stress Responses in High School Baseball Players: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Kato Kinshi , Otoshi Kenichi , Tominaga Ryoji , Kaga Takahiro , Igari Takahiro , Sato Ryohei , Kurita Noriaki , Konno Shin-ichi 
Published: November 2021

Background: Musculoskeletal pain could represent a psychological stressor in adolescent athletes. However, few epidemiological studies have investigated this association. Purpose: To assess the relationship between musculoskeletal pain (shoulder, elbow, wrist, and low back) and psychological stress responses in high school baseball players. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Participants comprised male Japanese high school baseball players who had completed a questionnaire as part of their annual medical evaluation in 2016. Experiences of shoulder, elbow, wrist, and low back pain during the previous season were investigated. Pain severity was graded as 1 (mild, playing without interference), 2 (moderate, playing with interference), or 3 (severe, could not play because of pain). The Stress Response Scale–18 was used to measure stress response: low, medium, rather high, and high. Prevalence rates of shoulder, elbow, wrist, and low back pain and their association with psychological stress responses were investigated using univariate and multivariable analyses. Results: A total of 944 players (223 pitchers and 721 fielders) were included in this study. Their mean age was 16.1 ± 0.6 years, and 66% were high school juniors, while 33.6% were seniors. In pitchers, the prevalence rates during the previous year of severe (grade 3) interference with playing because of elbow, shoulder, wrist, and low back pain were 21.5% (n = 48), 19.3% (n = 43), 3.6% (n = 8), and 18.4% (n = 41), respectively, whereas in fielders, the respective prevalence rates were 17.1% (n = 123), 17.9% (n = 129), 6.7% (n = 48), and 19.3% (n = 139). After adjusting for confounding factors (playing on a top-performing team, high school grade level, and all other sites of musculoskeletal pain), the authors found significant associations in pitchers between severe experiences of elbow pain and low back pain and medium to high psychological stress responses (odds ratio, 2.64 [95% CI, 1.32-5.39], P = .006 and odds ratio, 2.32 [95% CI, 1.12-4.89], P = .024, respectively). No significant associations were seen between musculoskeletal pain and psychological stress responses in fielders. Conclusion: In the current study, elbow and low back pain were associated with stronger psychological stress responses compared with other musculoskeletal pain in high school baseball pitchers.
Real-world effectiveness of second-line Afatinib versus chemotherapy for the treatment of advanced lung squamous cell carcinoma in immunotherapy-naïve patients
Authors: Chen You-Yi , Chang Shih-Chieh , Chang Cheng-Yu , Chang Chun-Fu , Lai Yi-Chun , Wei Yu-Feng , Chen Chung-Yu 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Limited treatment options exist for relapsed advanced lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), leading to poor outcomes compared with adenocarcinoma. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of second-line afatinib versus chemotherapy in patients with advanced lung SCC who progressed after first-line chemotherapy.

Methods
In this retrospective, multisite cohort study, we recruited patients with initial locally advanced or metastatic lung SCC from four institutes in Taiwan between June 2014 and October 2020. The primary endpoint of this study was progression-free survival (PFS), and the secondary endpoints were the objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and overall survival (OS).

Results
The present study enrolled 108 patients: 19 received second-line afatinib, and 89 received second-line chemotherapy. The median ages were 71 and 67 years, respectively. PFS was significantly longer among patients who received afatinib than among those who received chemotherapy (median 4.7 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.1–7.5] vs. 2.6 months [95% CI, 0.9–6.7]; hazard ratio (HR) 0.53 [95% CI 0.32–0.88], p = 0.013). Compared with the chemotherapy group, OS was longer in the afatinib group but did not reach significance (median 16.0 months [95% CI, 6.1–22.0] vs. 12.3 months [6.2–33.9]; HR 0.65 [95% CI 0.38–1.11], p = 0.112).

Conclusions
Afatinib offered a longer PFS and comparable OS to chemotherapy in advanced lung SCC patients in a real-world setting, it may be considered as a 2nd line alternative treatment choice for immunotherapy unfit advanced lung SCC patients.
Clinical and radiological outcomes in patients who underwent posterior lumbar interbody fusion: comparisons between unilateral and bilateral cage insertion
Authors: Cho Jae Hwan , Hwang Chang Ju , Lee Dong-Ho , Lee Choon Sung 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Although the original technique involves inserting two cages bilaterally, there could be situations that only allow for insertion of one cage unilaterally. However, only a few studies have compared the outcomes between unilateral and bilateral cage insertion. The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical and radiological outcomes in patients who underwent posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) between unilaterally and bilaterally inserted cages.

Methods
Among 206 eligible patients who underwent 1- or 2-level PLIF, 78 patients were 1:3 cohort-matched by age, sex, and operation level (group U, 19 patients with unilateral cages; and group B, 57 patients with bilateral cages). Fusion status was evaluated by computed tomography (CT) scans at postoperative 1 year. Clinical outcomes were measured by visual analog scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and EQ-5D. Radiological and clinical parameters were compared between the two groups. Risk factors for pseudarthrosis were also analyzed by multivariate analysis.

Results
The demographic data were not significantly different between the two groups. However, previous laminectomy, asymmetric disc collapse, and fusion at L5-S1 level were more frequently found in group U (P = 0.003, P = 0.014, and P = 0.014, respectively). Furthermore, pseudarthrosis was more frequently observed in group U (36.8%) than in group B (7.0%) (P = 0.004). Back pain VAS was higher in group U at postoperative 1 year (P = 0.033). Lower general activity function of EQ-5D was observed in group U at postoperative 1 year (P = 0.035). Older age (P = 0.028), unilateral cage (P = 0.007), and higher bone mineral density (P = 0.033) were positively correlated with pseudarthrosis.

Conclusions
Unilaterally inserted cage might be a possible risk factor for pseudarthrosis when performing PLIF, which could be related with the difficult working conditions such as scars due to previous laminectomy or asymmetric disc collapse. Furthermore, suboptimal clinical outcomes are expected following PLIF with unilateral cage insertion at postoperative 1 year regardless of similar clinical outcomes at postoperative 2 year. Therefore, caution is advised when inserting cages unilaterally, especially under above-mentioned conditions in terms of its possible relationship with symptomatic pseudarthrosis.
Knockdown of long noncoding RNA GAS5 reduces vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis by inactivating EZH2-mediated RIG-I signaling pathway in abdominal aortic aneurysm
Authors: Le Tianming , He Xin , Huang Jianhua , Liu Shuai , Bai Yang , Wu Kemin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundAbdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), an irreversible cardiovascular disease prevalent in the artery, causes the increase of the aneurysm diameter over time, and is a fatal phenomenon inducing sidewall rupture. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) serve as promising biomarkers for AAA. In the present study, we sought to define the role of lncRNA growth-arrest-specific transcript 5 (GAS5) in growth of smooth muscle cells (SMC) and progression of AAA.MethodsInitially, we established angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced AAA mouse models and Ang II-treated vascular SMC model. RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis were adopted to determine expression of GAS5 and zeste homolog 2 (EZH2). After ectopic expression and depletion experiments in Ang II-treated mice and vascular SMCs, cell apoptosis was detected in SMCs using flow cytometry and in mice using TUNEL staining. The binding of GAS5 and EZH2 was evaluated using RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) and Co-IP assays.ResultsIncreased GAS5 and RIG-I but decreased EZH2 were found in aortic tissues of AAA mice. EZH2 overexpression inhibited AAA formation and suppressed SMC apoptosis. Functionally, EZH2 blocked the RIG-I signaling pathway and consequently inhibited SMC apoptosis. GAS5 regulated EZH2 transcription in a negative manner in SMCs. Knockdown of GAS5 attenuated SMC apoptosis, which was reversed by EZH2 inhibition or RIG-I overexpression.ConclusionsThe current study demonstrated that GAS5 induced SMC apoptosis and subsequent AAA onset by activating EZH2-mediated RIG-I signaling pathway, highlighting GAS5 as a novel biomarker for AAA.
Guillain–Barré syndrome with bilateral facial diplegia secondary to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection: a case report
Authors: Ramirez Natalia , Ujueta David , Diaz Luis Felipe , Folleco Lucila Emilse , Rodríguez Andrea , Gaona Ivan , Nava-Mesa Mauricio O. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
The new coronavirus, known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) owing to its similarity to the previous severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), is characterized by causing, in most patients, nonspecific symptoms similar to those of the common flu. It has been reported that many coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients presented neurological symptoms that involve the central and peripheral nervous systems. In addition, there have been several reports of patients who presented Guillain–Barré syndrome related to COVID-19 , with sensory and motor compromise in the extremities.

Case presentation
In this report, we describe a rare case of Guillain–Barré syndrome in a 50-year-old Hispanic male with bilateral facial palsy as the only neurological manifestation, following SARS-CoV-2 infection. A complete neurophysiological study showed severe axonal neuropathy of the right and left facial nerves.

Conclusion
Regardless of severity, clinicians must to be aware of any neurological manifestation generated by COVID-19 and start performing more neurophysiological tests to determine if the infection induces an axonal, myelin, or mixed involvement of the peripheral nervous system.