bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The ECtHR’s Ilias and Ahmed and the CJEU’s FMS-case: a difficult reconciliation?
Authors: Bombay Anne , Heynen Pieterjan 
Published: July 2021

Recently, two important judgments concerning detention in European Asylum law were issued: the Ilias and Ahmed case of the ECtHR and the FMS-case of the CJEU. Both Courts had to decide on the question whether the situation of asylum seekers in the Hungarian Röszke transit zone amounted to detention. Notwithstanding the similar facts of the cases, no violation of Article 5 ECHR was found by the ECtHR, whereas the CJEU clearly condemned Hungary for its violation of EU Asylum Law. This raises questions concerning the reconcilability and long-term effects of the two judgments.
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Kürzlich sind zwei wichtige Urteile zu Freiheitsentzug im europäischen Asylrecht ergangen: Ilias und Ahmed gegen Ungarn des EGMR und der FMS-Fall des EuGH. Beide Gerichte hatten zu entscheiden, ob die Situation von Asylsuchenden in der ungarischen Transitzone Röszke einer Freiheitsentziehung entsprach. Obwohl den Urteilen vergleichbare Sachverhalte zugrunde lagen, stellte der EGMR keine Verletzung von Artikel 5 EMRK fest, während der EUGH Ungarn für die Verletzung des EU-Asylrechts verurteilte. Dies wirft Fragen nach der Vereinbarkeit und den langfristigen Auswirkungen der beiden Urteile auf.
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Récemment, deux arrêts importants relatifs de la privation de liberté en droit d'asile européen ont été rendus : Ilias et Ahmed c. Hongrie de la Cour européenne des droits de l'homme, et l'affaire FMS de la CJUE. Les deux tribunaux devaient décider si la situation des demandeurs d'asile dans la zone de transit hongroise de Röszke constituait une privation de liberté. Bien que ces arrêts soient fondés sur des faits comparables, la Cour européenne des droits de l'homme n'a constaté aucune violation de l'article 5 de la CEDH, tandis que la CJUE a estimé que la Hongrie avait clairement violé la législation européenne en matière d'asile. Cela soulève des questions concernant la conciliation et les effets à long terme de ces deux décisions.
Diagnostic efficiency of myocardial perfusion computed tomography with transesophageal pacing in patients with an initial diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Omarov Yu. A. , Veselova T. N. , Shakhnovich R. M. , Sukhinina T. S. , Zhukova N. S. , Merkulova I. N. , Barysheva N. A. , Pevzner D. V. , Shitov V. N. , Atabaeva L. S. , Khangoev R. O. , Arutyunyan G. K. , Mironov V. M. , Merkulov E. V. , Staroverov I. I. , Ternovoy S. K. 
Published: July 2021

Introduction. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) is widely used to detect atherosclerotic changes in coronary arteries (CA). However, the method is limited by the impossibility to perform functional assessment of detected stenoses. Perfusion computed tomography of the myocardium (PCT) can be used for this purpose.Aim of the study. To assess diagnostic accuracy of PCT of the myocardium with transesophageal electrocardiostimulation (TEES) and stress-echocardiography (stress-echoCG) with veloergometry (VEM) in detection of transient ischemia in patients with initial diagnosis of “acute coronary syndrome” (ACS) with borderline stenoses (50–75%) in CA in relation to measurements of fractional flow reserve (FFR).Materials and Methods. The study included 30 patients with the initial diagnosis of ACS with borderline (50–75%) stenoses in CA according to CTA or coronary angiography (CAG). Subsequently, they underwent myocardial PCT with 320-row detector with TEES, as well as stress-echoCG with VEM. Invasive FFR measurement was used as a reference method. FFR value < 0.8 indicated hemodynamic significance of stenosis. Myocardial perfusion was assessed visually. Regional myocardial contractility of the left ventricle was assessed by stress-echoCG.Results. All patients were examined according to the stated protocol. PCT with TEES revealed FFR-significant stenoses with sensitivity, specificity, prognostic value of positive result and prognostic value of negative result 56, 93, 90, 65% respectively, stress-echoCG with VEM 62, 93, 91, 68% respectively.Conclusion. Myocardial PCT with TEES enables to detect perfusion defects associated with transient ischemia, and the diagnostic accuracy of the method in comparison with FFR is comparable with the already well-proven stress-echoCG. The use of PCT with TEES in combination with CTA can be considered as a promising diagnostic tool in patients without known coronary anatomy and with suspected ACS.
Evaluating the influence of hydrological condition on the phosphorus loads in an agricultural river basin using the SWAT model
Authors: Cui Jian , Zhao Yue , Sun Wenchao , Chen Yan , Wu Bo , Xue Baolin , Chen Haiyang , Li Zhanjie , Tian Zaifeng 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Excessive phosphorus is an important cause of eutrophication. For river basin management, source identification and control of nonpoint source (NPS) pollution are difficult. In this study, to explore influences of hydrological conditions on phosphorus, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model is applied to the Luanhe River basin in North China. Moreover, influences of the spatial scale of the livestock and poultry amount data on estimations of phosphorus loads are also discussed. The results show that applying town-level livestock and poultry amount data allows the model to perform better when estimating phosphorus loads, indicating that using data at a finer administrative level is necessary. For the typical wet year, the estimated annual phosphorus load was 2.6 times that in the typical dry year. Meanwhile, the contribution of pollution in summer to the annual load is greater in the wet year than that in the dry year. The spatial distributions of subbasins with high unit loads of phosphorus differ under different hydrological conditions, meaning that critical areas for pollution control vary with the wetness of each year. All these findings indicate that for pollution control at basin scale, considering the seasonal and interannual variabilities in hydrological conditions is highly demanded.
Polyaluminium chloride dosing effects on coagulation performance: case study, Barekese, Ghana
Authors: Nti Samuel Owusu , Buamah Richard , Atebiya Janet 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Alum, the predominant coagulant in conventional drinking water treatment schemes, has various disadvantages including the production of large volumes of sludge, lowering water pH (requiring pH adjustment using lime), limited coagulation pH range of 6.5 to 8.0, etc. At the Barekese Water Treatment Plant in Ghana, an alternative, the polyelectrolyte – polyaluminium chloride (PAC) is also used in coagulation but limited information is available on the operating conditions required to achieve better performance than alum-based coagulation. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal coagulant dose, mixing speed and operating pH for enhanced performance in water treatment. The effects on the treatment process of three different sets of mixing speed pairs – 180/40, 180/25 and 150/25 revolutions per minute (fast/slow) – in a pH range of 6.5 to 8.0 were investigated. The mixing speed and PAC dose yielding the best coagulation were 150/25 rpm and 15 mg/L respectively. The optimal pH range for PAC coagulation performance was 7.5 to 8.0.
Heavy metal inhibition on an alternating activated sludge system and its comparison to conventional methods: case study of Cu2+
Authors: Buaisha Magdi , Balku Saziye , Özalp-Yaman Şeniz 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In order to understand the behaviour of wastewater treatment plants with heavy metal presence, this study evaluates the treatment process in the presence of heavy metals (Cu2+ as a case study) and compares it with the absence of heavy metals. An activated sludge model is improved by means of incorporating other novel inhibitory kinetic and settler models for this evaluation. To achieve this goal, a simulation algorithm is developed using the MATLAB code to detect any heavy metal influence on the aerobic and anoxic growth of heterotrophic and autotrophic biomass. The code also allows for a comparison of treatment plant performance with and without Cu2+ in both conventional and alternating systems. The results reveal that the presence of heavy metals, in this study for Cu2+ at 0.5 mg/L, in a biological treatment system, has an inhibitory effect on the heterotrophic bacteria but more so on the autotrophic bacteria growth and it prevents nitrification and denitrification, thus having a negative effect on the nitrogen removal in the alternating systems.
POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS DE EDUCAÇÃO NO CONTEXTO NEOLIBERAL: UM BREVE BALANÇO
Authors: Melo de Morais Erivania , Rodrigues dos Santos Camila , Alves de Paiva Irene 
Published: July 2021

Este artigo busca refletir acerca das políticas educacionais em contexto neoliberal que demarcou o cenário político brasileiro desde os anos 1990 e tem sido acentuado a partir de 2016 após o impeachment da Presidenta Dilma Rousseff, o que fomentou uma agenda de cortes e asfixiamento nas políticas sociais e na educação. Assim, elencamos como objetivos: contextualizar as políticas educacionais em seu processo de renovação e conservação da lógica neoliberal; e apontar as mudanças neoconservadoras em relação à política educacional a partir do governo Temer e Bolsonaro. Esta é uma pesquisa de caráter bibliográfico e documental em que buscamos problematizar criticamente as políticas educacionais. Nesse sentido, evidencia-se que ao longo desses 30 anos o ajustamento das políticas educacionais as condicionalidades dos organismos internacionais vêm se consolidando e apesar do processo de renovação política, manteve-se o afinamento com as concepções das agências multilaterais, que a partir dessa ascensão recente das perspectivas conservadoras através do processo de conservação dos ideais hegemônicos elitista, que as políticas educacionais têm passado por um árduo decurso de ataques, seja em suas estruturas ou na produção e reprodução de representações, ideias, narrativas de eficácia, eficiência, produtivismo da educação numa perspectiva de resultados, afastando-se dos processos de conscientização e formação humanizada.
Targeting Ovarian Solid Tumors by Elastin-Like Polypeptide Drug Conjugates: Current Trends and Future Prospectives
Authors: Ramamurthi Deepthi , Nanjan Chandrasekar Moola J. , Santhosh Shanthi B. , Patnaik Sunil K. 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Ovarian cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Polymers
have low cytotoxicity and high functionalizability and are hence used for drug delivery systems,
tissue engineering, and polymer therapeutics. In drug delivery systems, polymer-drug conjugates
have shown considerable promise, especially in anticancer chemotherapy.

Objective:
Anticancer Drug Delivery Systems (DDS) deliver drugs to the tumor site leading to reduced
exposure of the drugs to healthy cells and hence reduced side effects. Efforts have been made
in the past to develop effective DDS using stimuli-responsive polymers like thermosensitive and
pH-sensitive polymers.

Conclusion:
Elastin-like Polypeptides (ELP), one of the thermoresponsive polymers, have been
identified as drug carriers in anticancer therapy. ELP-drug conjugates have the potential and can be
used effectively in combination with hyperthermia for targeting drugs to solid tumors. This review
reports on the use of ELPs in cancer therapy, its biomedical applications, and recent developments
to target drugs to ovarian solid tumors.
Pathophysiology and Biomarkers for Breast Cancer: Management Using Herbal Medicines
Authors: Sharma Disha , Mishra Sudhanshu , Rajput Aishwarya , Raj Khushboo , Malviya Rishabha 
Published: July 2021

Aims:
The objective of the current manuscript is to discuss various types of cancers of
breast, pathophysiology, and biomarkers used for breast cancer and potential applications of herbal
remedies as a treatment tool.

Methods:
A literature survey was carried out using various online search engines like google scholar,
ScienceDirect, Springer, Scopus, PubMed, etc. Offline libraries were also used for the compilation of
data.

Results and Discussion:
The second ground for disease casualties in females is breast cancer. The
complexity of this disorder resembles a complicated environment containing varying layers of internal
and external influences that are cleverly engineered for interaction to create a pliable background
for the clonal progress of breast cancer cells. Biomarkers which can identify the most successful
treatments or assess the reaction to therapy early in the process of treatment are useful. The possible
benefits of imaging biomarkers are evident and initial clinical results have been positive. Herbal
medicines must be established to be successful against this disease.

Conclusion:
It can be established from the complete study that breast cancer is mainly universal and
lethal cancer of females. Herbal medicines are widely distributed, biocompatible, biodegradable, and
have the potential to treat breast cancer. Furthermore, multicenter clinical trials are still needed for
evidence of the clinical usefulness of herbal medicines.
A Case Report of Latent Autoimmune Diabetes Arising After Isotretinoin Treatment: Real Association or Coincidence? A Hypothesis on Pathophysiology
Authors: Bozkuş Yusuf 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) is the most common form
of adult-onset autoimmune diabetes. Isotretinoin is a very effective treatment for severe acne.
There are various reports on the effect of isotretinoin on autoimmunity. We present a case of LADA,
probably related to isotretinoin treatment. To the best of our knowledge, this case was the second
case of LADA that occurred after isotretinoin treatment. Here we discuss a hypothesis on the
pathophysiology of how isotretinoin can induce LADA.

Case Presentation:
A 55-year-old female was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)
one month after the end of a nine-month isotretinoin treatment period. At the time of diagnosis, the
patient’s fasting blood glucose level was 257 mg/dL and HbA1c level was 10.3%. Then, she was
followed-up for T2DM for two years. Since the patient did not comply with classical T2DM characteristics
and C-peptide level was 0.4 ng/ml (0.78-5.18), autoantibody test was performed. The patient
was found positive for anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody (>2000 IU/mL). Her oral antidiabetic
drug treatment was discontinued and insulin degludec and insulin aspart therapy was
started. Three months after this adjustment, HbA1c level decreased to 7.2%. Except 25-hydroxycholecalciferol
which was low (10.9 ng/mL), all other laboratory parameters were within normal
range.

Conclusion:
Isotretinoin is known to have some immunomodulating effects. There are some case
reports on the relationship between isotretinoin and autoimmune diseases. The negative immune environment
that developed due to the long-standing moderate-severe VitD deficiency may have taken
a turn toward autoimmunity upon isotretinoin treatment. This hypothesis on how isotretinoin
can cause autoimmune diabetes needs to be validated.
Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Existing Italian Hospitals: The Case Study of the National Cancer Institute “G. Pascale Foundation” of Naples
Authors: Zizi Mattia , Bencivenga Pasquale , Di Lauro Gennaro , Laezza Gianfranco , Crisci Pasquale , Frattolillo Ciro , De Matteis Gianfranco 
Published: July 2021

Introduction:
A large portion of the Italian built heritage is characterized by a significant seismic vulnerability since many structures were designed with outdated criteria, i.e., without accounting for seismic actions. This aspect is particularly relevant for strategic structures and infrastructures, whose functionalities are crucial in case of seismic events.

Objective:
The main aim of the present paper is to share the key findings related to the seismic vulnerability assessment of the National Institute for the Study and Treatment of Cancer (IRCCS) “Giovanni Pascale Foundation” in Naples. In particular, the main evidences could be easily extended to existing hospitals realized in the last century, with the main reference to: construction techniques, quality of constructional material, overt and convert seismic vulnerabilities and possible intervention strategies for risk mitigation.

Methods:
In the present paper, the assessment methodologies adopted for such a strategic hospital complex are provided, focusing in particular on: i. preliminary research of original design documents and on-site investigation for determining constructional details; ii. material tests on structural elements; iii. vulnerability seismic assessment by means of non-linear FE analyses (push-over and capacity spectrum method); iv. recommendations on retrofitting measures and cost estimations.

Results:
The conducted study puts into clear evidence the inadequacy of the investigated buildings to face the design seismic actions provided by the current Italian code and thus showed the significant seismic vulnerabilities affecting the Institute “G. Pascale Foundation” of Naples. Among these, particular attention has also been focused on the so-called intrinsic vulnerabilities, namely the ones not measurable explicitly and interesting non-structural elements (e.g., connection of shelves, stained glass windows, facilities, etc.).

Conclusion:
The presented case study highlights the strong seismic vulnerability affecting structures realized in the past century, despite their strategic functions. On the whole, the examined structures can be considered as representative of this building typology, and the adopted calculation criteria, as well as the assumptions of the assessment process, could be easily extended to similar case studies.
Seismic Retrofit of an Existing Reinforced Concrete Building with Buckling-restrained Braces
Authors: Ferraioli Massimiliano , Lavino Angelo , Molitierno Carmine , Di Lauro Gennaro 
Published: July 2021

Background:
The seismic retrofitting of frame structures using hysteretic dampers is a very effective strategy to mitigate earthquake-induced risks. However, its application in current practice is rather limited since simple and efficient design methods are still lacking, and the more accurate time-history analysis is time-consuming and computationally demanding.

Aims:
This paper develops and applies a seismic retrofit design method to a complex real case study: An eight-story reinforced concrete residential building equipped with buckling-restrained braces.

Methods:
The design method permits the peak seismic response to be predicted, as well as the dampers to be added in the structure to obtain a uniform distribution of the ductility demand. For that purpose, a pushover analysis with the first mode load pattern is carried out. The corresponding story pushover curves are first idealized using a degrading trilinear model and then used to define the SDOF (Single Degree-of-Freedom) system equivalent to the RC frame. The SDOF system, equivalent to the damped braces, is designed to meet performance criteria based on a target drift angle. An optimal damper distribution rule is used to distribute the damped braces along the elevation to maximize the use of all dampers and obtain a uniform distribution of the ductility demand.

Results:
The effectiveness of the seismic retrofit is finally demonstrated by non-linear time-history analysis using a set of earthquake ground motions with various hazard levels.

Conclusion:
The results proved the design procedure is feasible and effective since it achieves the performance objectives of damage control in structural members and uniform ductility demand in dampers.
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Perfusion Treatment via Cutaneous Ureterostomy for Carcinoma in Situ of the Upper Urinary Tract
Authors: Umemoto Tatsuya , Oda Kazuya , Kano Tatsuo , Kim Hakushi , Zakoji Hidenori , Miyajima Akira 
Published: July 2021

Introduction:
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin instillation is an established therapy for the treatment of carcinoma in situ of the upper urinary tract.

Case Presentation:
A 72-year-old woman underwent radical cystectomy with cutaneous ureterostomy for invasive bladder cancer with carcinoma in situ of both ureters. For the treatment of upper urinary tract carcinoma in situ, an infusion of 40 mg bacillus Calmette-Guérin through each ureterostomy was performed once weekly for 5 times. Urine cytology of the left upper urinary tract became negative, with a recurrence-free survival of 4 months. On the other hand, the right upper urinary tract became temporarily negative but turned positive after 3 months.

Conclusion:
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin perfusion therapy via cutaneous ureterostomy is considered as one of the useful therapies for carcinoma in situ of the upper urinary tract. Furthermore, there are several factors to be discussed, including the treatment duration, dosage and secondary therapeutic options.
Cost-Effectiveness of Bedaquiline in Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis: A Review
Authors: Sari Evita , Zakiyah Neily , Santoso Prayudi , Barliana Melisa I. 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) remains a burden on the healthcare system and public health. Evidence on cost and cost-effectiveness of MDR-TB treatment option is necessary in order to provide evidence-based recommendation for policymakers. The main therapy for MDR-TB consists of a combination of at least five types of anti-tuberculosis drugs, including second-line injections that have proven to be effective. Bedaquiline is a relatively new drug recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) and European Medicines Agency (EMA) for the treatment of MDR-TB.

Aims and Objectives:
This study examines the cost-effectiveness of using regimens containing bedaquiline compared to those containing second-line injections.

Methods:
The design of this study is a literature review study. The following keywords used for the search were: “MDR-TB,” “cost effectiveness analysis of MDR-TB,” “cost effectiveness analysis of MDR-TB patients,” “WHO guideline for MDR-TB,” “Bedaquiline cost effectiveness,” and “kanamycin cost effectiveness.” The relevant references were derived from several databases, including PubMed, NCBI, and the Journal of Indonesian Health Economics. A total of 170 articles were obtained during the initial search, then extracted with inclusion criteria, namely articles assessing cost effectiveness, QALY, DALY, articles in English and Indonesian, and publications within the last 10 years.

Results:
The addition of bedaquiline in standard therapy showed favourable effect and safety due to faster culture conversion time and less incidence of side effects, based on the results of studies. The faster the culture conversion occurs and the less patients experiencing side effects, the faster their health improvement, which prospectively will reduce treatment costs and productivity loss.

Conclusion:
This is demonstrated by the results of cost-effectiveness analysis which shows that the replacement of the second-line injection regimen to bedaquiline, and the addition of bedaquiline to the standard regimen of therapy was assessed to be a more cost-effective option.