bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the effects of Operational Excellence implementation on Inspection Outcomes in the Pharmaceutical Industry: An Empirical Study
Authors: Eich Steffen , Friedli Thomas 
Published: April 2021

Goal: The goal of this paper is to test the possible connection between pharmaceutical manufacturing plants’ Operational Excellence implementation and regulatory inspection outcomes.
Methodology: This paper uses logistic regression models on a unique dataset compiled from proprietary operations datasets and published FDA inspection outcomes.
Results: The findings show that sites with advanced Operational Excellence implementation are more likely to receive favorable inspection outcomes and more so when specifically focusing on Total Quality Management implementation as a subset. A similar trend exists for the Quality Control laboratories and their compliance deficiencies when analyzed separately.
Limitations of the investigation: The limitations of this research mainly lie in the limited size and composition of the available dataset. European manufacturing sites and quality control labs are overrepresented and the sample size for quality control labs is rather small.
Practical Implication: This paper can help industrial managers and regulatory officials to better direct their resources to manufacturing sites and QC laboratories that are at a higher risk of quality non-compliance.
Originality/value: It is a long-standing maxim in literature and practice that manufacturing sites shall build improvement capabilities to reach Operational Excellence which includes superior product quality. Quality Management is particularly important in the pharmaceutical industry and often evolves on its own in the organizations. Pharmaceutical production plants are inspected regarding their quality processes and systems by regulatory authorities. However, there is lacking published evidence of the interplay of Operational Excellence practices and regulatory inspection outcomes.
Faktor – Faktor yang Berpengaruh Terhadap Praktik Perawat dalam Pelaksanaan Universal Precaution di RSUD Brebes
Authors: Basuni Haris , Suryawati Chriswardani , Nugraheni Sri Achadi 
Published: April 2021

Healthcare Associated Infections/HAIs merupakan persoalan serius di fasilitas kesehatan yang bisa menjadi penyebab kematian pasien dan bertambahnya hari rawat. Universal precaution dirancang di rumah sakit sebagai langkah awal untuk tindakan pencegahan HAIs. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi Praktik Perawat dalam pelaksanaan unversal precaution pencegahan infeksi di RSUD Brebes.Jenis penelitian observasional kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Jumlah sampel 130 perawat, teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan non probability sampling dengan prosedur convenient/judgement sampling. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dan lembar observasi. Analisis data dengan program SPSS menggunakan korelasi rank spearman dan regresi logistik metode enter.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pengetahuan perawat sebagian besar baik 70,8%, sikap perawat sebagian besar baik 58,5%, praktik perawat sebagian besar baik 50,8%. Uji hubungan rank spearman menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara pengetahuan dan sikap dengan praktik perawat dalam pelaksanaan universal precaution dengan nilai p-value < 0,05. Analisis multivariat regresi logistik menunjukkan pengetahuan dengan nilai rho 5,351 dan sikap dengan nilai rho 6,835 secara bersama-sama berpengaruh terhadap Praktik Perawat dalam pelaksanaan universal precaution. Saran untuk meningkatkan praktik perawat dalam pelaksanaan universal precaution perlu dilakukan usaha untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan sikap perawat dengan cara mengadakan pelatihan .
Analisis Indeks Keluarga Sehat untuk Mendukung Program Promosi Kesehatan
Authors: Murnita Reni , Prasetyowati Asih 
Published: April 2021

Health development starts from the smallest unit of society, namely the family. The Ministry of Health establishes an operational strategy for health development through the Healthy Indonesia Program with a Family Approach (PIS-PK). Data collection activities carried out in the PIS-PK aim to obtain health data for each family member by the Puskesmas. This study aims to determine the description of the index of healthy families in the working area of Puskesmas Batang I by using 12 indicators of healthy families related to the Health Promotion Program. This research is a quantitative study carried out in a descriptive observative manner, namely by analyzing the data narrative. Desa Kecapak has an index value of 0.08 (Unhealthy Family), Kelurahan Sambong has an index of 0.2 (Unhealthy Family), Kelurahan Proyonanggan Utara has an index 0.13 (Unhealthy Family), and Kelurahan Proyonanggan Tengah has an index 0 , 21 (Unhealthy Family). Puskesmas Batang I work area has an index of 0.18 and is in the Unhealthy Family category. The families that were recorded had not had total coverage, which was still 54.2%. The health promotion program of the Batang I Puskesmas includes data collection on Clean dan Healthy Behavior/Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS), training for posyandu cadres, self-awareness surveys/Survey Mawas Diri (SMD), and guidance for Alert Village/Desa Siaga.. The Health Promotion Program can refer to data on the healthy family index and PHBS by looking at the low indicator coverage of healthy families. Puskesmas can cooperate with educational institutions so that the number of families being recorded is maximized. Based on the healthy family index coverage figures, the health promotion program must synergize with the Disease Eradication Program, especially pulmonary TB disease, hypertension, and mental disorders. It is hoped that the development of posyandu and posbindu cadres can increase the coverage of the healthy family index, especially in increasing family knowledge about infectious and non-communicable diseases
On the extreme values of M/M/m queueing systems
Authors: Matsak Ivan K. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The asymptotic behavior of extreme
values of queueing systems is studied. For a system

M
/
M
/
m

{{M/M/m}}

,

1
≤
m
<
∞

{1\leq m<\infty}

, the weak convergence of extreme
values of an actual waiting time and a statement of the type of the
law of the iterated logarithm are established.
Management of Soil Fertility and Agricultural Intensification in NW Iberia, 1750–1900
Authors: Corbacho González Beatriz , Padró Caminal Roc , Soto Fernández David , Fernández Prieto Lourenzo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This article describes agricultural practices of fertilization in the NW of the Iberian Peninsula between 1750 and 1900, where a leguminous plant called gorse (Ulex Europaeus) was used as bedding for livestock in order to produce manure. During the period examined, this whole region experienced a process of agricultural intensification which resulted in a net loss of nutrients in the soil. Peasants dealt with the increasing nutrient requirements by adapting land and livestock management in order to produce more manure during the second half of the 20th century. However, this was done at the expense of nutrient reserves in extensively managed areas, all of which resulted in an unsustainable agricultural pattern. Our data also suggest that the context of nutrient scarcity could be related to changes in the migration pattern, which started to be more intense after 1850 and preferred distant destinations (America), thus switching from seasonal to permanent stays.
Nitrogenous Fertilisers in Germany – Paths of Distribution from Chile Saltpetre to Haber-Bosch-Ammonia and Cyanamide (ca 1914–1930)
Authors: Strotmann Christine 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper focusses on nitrogenous fertilisers in Germany and how they were distributed from the First World War into the 1930s. Since the availability of the fertilisers kept changing at a fast pace in the period under discussion here, the focus lies on policies concerning the production of nitrogen and the markets for nitrogenous fertilisers. The paper discusses the impact of the development of a (nearly) entirely new domestic nitrogen industry during the First World War on the market for nitrogenous fertilisers during the war and interwar period, up until the foundation of an international nitrogen cartel in 1930.
The French Nitrogen Industry during the Interwar Period: The Ambiguous Relationship between the State and Manufacturers
Authors: Llopart Michael 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
At the end of the First World War, the French government seized the opportunity to acquire the chemical processes of the German firm BASF, including the Haber-Bosch process. This patent made it possible to synthesize nitrogen from the air and thus produce nitrogen fertilizers in large quantities. French industrialists, however, refused to acquire these patents, and to make up for this lack of private sector involvement, the French Parliament decided in 1924 to create a national plant (ONIA), which became the first state-owned plant to be exposed to market competition. The intention was for the ONIA to supply the army with nitric acid in times of war, and, in peacetime, to sell fertilizers at the lowest possible prices in order to curb the monopoly of the private industry cartel. The purpose of this article is therefore to study the establishment and organisation of the French market for nitrogen fertilisers during the inter-war period by raising a number of questions about the ambiguous and complex relations between the state and private industry in this strategic sector. Why was the state policy initiated with the ONIA not successful at first? From 1927-1928, once the ONIA was operational, why and how did the public and private players jointly organise the marketing of fertilisers even though their interests were partially divergent? From the economic crisis of the 1930s onwards, how did the regulation of this mixed market evolve and how were public/private tensions overcome? In the French case, why did French producers leave the international cartel very early on in favour of state protectionism? And finally, to what extent can it be said that this “managed economy” framework succeeded in satisfying all the players in the French nitrogen industry?
Zur Problematik der Schuldfähigkeitsbeurteilung von intelligenzgeminderten Rechtsbrechern«
Authors: Seifert Dieter , Neuschmelting Tina 
Published: April 2021

Zusammenfassung
Patienten mit der Hauptdiagnose einer Intelligenzminderung führen ein Schattendasein im deutschen Maßregelvollzug nach § 63 StGB. Zahlenmäßig stellen sie eine Minderheit dar, weisen jedoch im Vergleich zu anderen Diagnosegruppen eine überlange Verweildauer auf. Der bis dato persistierende Umstand mangelnder wissenschaftlicher Grundlagenkenntnisse über diese Patientengruppe hält deren Abseitsposition aufrecht. Dadurch werden Unsicherheiten bei der Diagnostik sowie Beurteilung der strafrechtlichen Verantwortlichkeit und Legalprognose sowohl auf Seiten der Juristen als auch der Sachverständigen und Therapeuten geschürt. Das dritte Eingangsmerkmal des § 20 StGB, unter das Patienten mit einer angeborenen Intelligenzschwäche ohne nachweisbare Ursache subsumiert werden, ist gleichsam ein Abbild dieses Daseins. Abgesehen von der noch bis Ende 2020 despektierlichen und antiquierten Bezeichnung (Schwachsinn), birgt dieser Rechtsbegriff Unklarheiten und erschwert ein sicheres, transparentes Vorgehen in der forensischen Beurteilung. Dabei sind gerade diese Patienten, allein aufgrund ihrer mangelnden intellektuellen Fertigkeiten, auf die Expertise und auch Fürsorge Anderer (Sachverständiger/Juristen) angewiesen. Anhand der Ergebnisse einer aktuellen empirischen Untersuchung über 102 im Maßregelvollzug des Landes NRW (gemäß § 63 StGB) untergebrachten intelligenzgeminderten Patienten soll versucht werden, einige der offenkundig gewordenen wissenschaftlichen Lücken zu schließen, um ein höheres Maß an Sicherheit im Umgang mit dieser Patienten- und Straftätergruppe zu erreichen. Im Besonderen ist darauf hinzuweisen, dass bei mehr als jedem fünften Urteil (21,5 %) erhebliche Defizite festzustellen waren, die beide Stufen der Schuldfähigkeitsbeurteilung betrafen. So ließ sich in den Urteilen bei 13 % keine Angabe zu einem Eingangsmerkmal des § 20 StGB entnehmen; in den restlichen Fällen fehlten konkrete Ausführungen zur Einsichts- und/oder Steuerungsfähigkeit. Bei kritischer Analyse der Einweisungsgutachten lag der Anteil an fehlerhaften Ausführungen zur Schuldfähigkeit noch etwas höher (27 %).
Sich treu geblieben? Symbolische Grenzziehungen in inner-ostdeutschen Sozialgefügen vor dem Hintergrund des Nachwendeschocks
Authors: Hilmar Till 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungDer vorliegende Beitrag präsentiert Ergebnisse eines Forschungsprojekts zur Nachwendezeit in Ostdeutschland, das mit 41 Personen, die den Umbruch von 1989 als junge Erwachsene erlebt haben, durchgeführt wurde. Auf Basis von semi-strukturierten Interviews diskutiert der Beitrag symbolische Grenzziehungen, die Gesprächspartner/innen in Bezug auf die Erfahrungen dritter Personen nach 1989 artikulieren, und mit denen sie ein legitimes „Wir“ nach 1989 konstruieren. Es zeigen sich zwei Muster symbolischer Grenzziehungen: erstens die Abgrenzung zu politisch Begünstigten nach 1989 („Wendehals“); zweitens die Abgrenzung zu Personen, die sich nach der Wende aufgrund von sozialer Auf- oder Abwärtsmobilität negativ im Charakter verändert hätten. In Bezug auf den zweiten Typus wird das Phänomen der Brüche in ehemaligen Nahbeziehungen (vor allem Freundschaftsbeziehungen) nach 1989 als eine wichtige Form der symbolischen Grenzziehung analysiert. Der Beitrag stellt insgesamt die Bedeutung einer Ethik desSich-treu-Bleibensvor dem Hintergrund der kollektiven Krisenerfahrung nach 1989 heraus, die auf eine Verschränkung sozioökonomischer und moralischer Grenzziehungen verweist.
Water quality control for the Argonauta reactor in Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Carvalheira Luciana , Ramos Leticia Lins , Nunes Rogerio Chaffin , Domingues Alessandro Mariano , Ferreira Francisco Jose de Oliveira 
Published: April 2021

Different parameters should be monitored at a nuclear facility. Among them, water used in a nuclear reactor must meet strict specifications. The research reactor Argonauta, located in Rio de Janeiro, uses light water as both moderator and coolant. Quality control is the set of measurements to ensure, at any time, products that meet the parameters and standards in force. Then, the quality control of Argonauta’s water encompasses physical-chemical and radiological tests that are performed periodically to monitor deviations in the water parameters specification. These tests include the measurement of pH, conductivity, and gamma spectroscopy. By means of these tests, it is possible to evaluate if the quality parameters of this water meet the requirements defined by the reactor manufacturer and the Radiation Protection standards. In this way, the safe operation of the Argonauta is guaranteed, besides avoiding unwanted exposures of operators and the environment to the ionizing radiation. This work presents the detailed assays performed in the water quality control. In addition, the obtained results in the last year measurements and highlights of the improvements to be done are also addressed. Moreover, a comparison among other research reactors in Brazil concerning this monitoring is presented. The obtained results indicate that pH, conductivity, and radiological parameters meet the established limits.
Immobilization of Liquid Radioactive Waste In Cement
Authors: Santana França Andreza Augusta 
Published: April 2021

Immobilization of radioactive waste is required to comply with nuclear regulations and waste acceptance criteria in a repository, which require the waste to be solid or immobilized in solid form within a durable and resistant matrix . Cement is the most frequently used material for the immobilization of liquid, low-level waste, since it has many advantages, such as the ease of preparation at room temperature and the low cost. In this paper, we describe the characteristics of cement-water mixtures, homogenized in a drum using a vibration table as the mixing device. Common Portland cement was used as the immobilization matrix. The homogeneity of the mixtures is evaluated using cement dye in appropriate amounts. Initially, the distribution of the mineral dye was made by visual inspection. The batches were carried out with three different ways of feeding the components. Different results were obtained depending on the feeding methods employed.
Toxicity and color reduction of reactive dyestuff RB21 and surfactant submitted to electron beam irradiation
Authors: Melo Camila Gomes , Rosa Jorge Marcos , Garcia Vanessa Silva Granadeiro , Borrely Sueli Ivone , Pereira Maria Conceição Costa 
Published: April 2021

There is an unwelcome reaction between the coloring and the water during the dyeing procedure, a portion of the coloring agent is lost in the bathing and it will compose the final whole effluent. The high absorbance index is related to lost dyes and they also contribute with the toxic effects to the aquatic biota. In addition, these effluents contain large quantity of surfactants applied during dyeing baths, which also contribute to the high toxicity in these samples. The objective of this study was to evaluate electron beam irradiation technology, applied in samples of the Color Index Reactive Blue 21 (RB21) dye and in samples of surfactant nonionic and in order to reduce toxicity for both and for RB21, color reduction. Among the objectives of the study there are the dye exhaustion degree, and some physic-chemical parameters. The acute toxicity assays were carried with Daphnia similis microcrustacean and the results for of dyestuff solution were: the irradiated samples with concentration of 0.61g.L-1 did not present significant results, the EC 50(%) value was to 58.26 for irradiated sample with 2.5kGy and EC 50(%) 63.59 for sample irradiated with 5kGy. The surfactant was more toxic than RB 21, with EC 50(%) value at 0.42. The color reduction reached 63.30% for the sample of the lowest concentration of effluent. There was a reduction of pH during irradiation.
Application of semi-empirical model for the evaluation of radium activity in phosphogypsum used as component of clinker
Authors: Geraldo Ricardo Rossasi , Paschuk Sergei Anatolyevich , Barreto Rafael Carvalho , Corrêa Janine Nicolosi , Zahn Guilherme Soares , Cardoso da Silva Paulo Sergio , Malagi da Silva Amanda Claudia , Narloch Danielle Cristine , Araujo Isabelle Cabello 
Published: April 2021

Phosphogypsum is a residue that has been used by the cement industry as a substitute for the natural gypsum, used as a clinker additive during the production of Portland cement. There is a potential increase in this residue use since the large amount of phosphogypsum is generated as outcome of the phosphate fertilizer industries. However, phosphogypsum can be considered a source of radioactive contamination since it has 226Ra in its composition. Depending on the concentration of 226Ra, from the radiological protection point of view, this may cause a problem because this radionuclide and its direct decay product 222Rn along with other decay products, represent the largest fraction of radiation internal dose received by people. In order to evaluate the level of radiological risk that may be associated with the use of phosphogypsum, it is necessary to identify the concentration of 226Ra in building material. The aim of this research is to analyze the samples of phosphogypsum in relation to the concentrations of 226Ra, determined indirectly through 222Rn activity measurements. This measurement process has the advantage of being fast, convenient and relatively inexpensive when compared to traditional 226Ra concentration in samples measurement methods. Proposed physical-mathematical model was used to establish radium concentration from radon exhalation rate from cement mortar samples. The 222Rn activity measurements were performed with a portable detector with cubic phosphate samples with 50 mm edges each placed in a closed atmosphere of the sampling chamber until secular equilibrium is achieved. Obtained concentrations of radium activity in studied samples of phosphogypsum and cement mortars were found below the limits recommended by CNEN and international regulation.
In vivo genotoxicity of 2-alkylcyclobutanones in liver cells from rats fed with irradiated cocoa butter using flow citometry.
Authors: Martins Regiane , Perez Vieira Daniel , Ramirez de Carvalho Luma , Bueno Barbezan Angélica , Villavicencio Anna Lucia Casañas Haasis 
Published: April 2021

Food irradiation proves to be an effective technique of eliminating some pathogens from food and this has gained significant attention to its potential for food safety. Since 1990, studies on the toxicological safety of 2-Alkylcyclobutanones have been conducted extensively. 2-Alkylcyclobutanones are unique radiolytic products generated by the radiation-induced breakage of triglycerides in food, 2-dodecylcyclobutanone (2-dDCB) and 2-tetradecylcyclobutanone (2-tDCB) are the predominant compounds detected . Despite studies showing non-genotoxicity of 2-ACBs (2-Alkylcyclobutanones), the results are conflicting and therefore we continue the studies in order to confirm the compounds are safety for human health. In vivo micronucleus test were performed to verify the 2-ACBs genotoxic effects in hepatic cells using flow citometry. We used cocoa butter irradiated with 20 kGy. A group with animals was treated with daily intake of irradiated cocoa butter, synthesized 2-dDCB and 2-tDCB for one month. Hepatic cells were selected for genotoxicity analysis due to the liver importance in the compounds metabolization. The improvement of the analytical techniques is important for the research future since the irradiation process is already consolidated. The results confirmed the safety of the food irradiation process, as they did not indicate the genotoxic potential of the samples. Keywords: 2- Alkylcyclobutanones, Micronucleous test, liver.
Development and characterization of CsI(Tl) crystal for use as a radiation detector
Authors: Suzart Karoline Feitoza , Mesquita Carlos Henrique , Pereira Maria Conceição Costa , Hamada Margarida Mizue , França Alexandre 
Published: April 2021

Cesium iodide crystal activated with thallium (CsI(Tl)) is used as radiation sensor because of its favorable characteristics as scintillator, when excited by gamma radiation. This crystal has good mechanical strength and it is relatively little hygroscopic. In the present work, the CsI(Tl) crystal was grown in the Nuclear Energy Research Institute (IPEN/CNEN/SP) by Brigdman technique, in two different formats: (a) cylindric (∅ 20.1 mm x ­ 11.9 mm) and (b) parallelepiped ( c 12.3 mm x ­ 19.5 mm). The scintillator response was studied through five gamma radiation sources: 99mTc (140 keV), 137Cs (662 keV), 60Co (1173 keV, 1333 keV) and 22Na (511 keV, 1275keV). The crystals were coupled to a photomultiplier tube using 0.5 McStokes viscosity silicone grease as the optical interface. All electronics for signal measurements were developed at IPEN. Luminescence property of the CsI(Tl) crystal was excited by the radiation from a 99mTc source. The energy resolution of the crystalline detector was determined by the FWHM parameter, corresponding to the photopeak width at half of its height. Gamma radiation was spectrometry performed with the following sources: 99mTc, 241Ba, 137Cs, 60Co and 22Na.