bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of perceived discrimination, social support and ethnic identity on mental health of immigrant adolescents
Authors: Ergin Derya Atalan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background: The number of immigrants has been increasing. Immigrant adolescents experience an acculturation process that affects particularly their ethnic identity, perceived discrimination, and relationships with their peers, which would have significant impact on their mental health. The ethnic composition of social environments might affect this relationship.

Objective: The main purpose of the current research is to examine the effect of peer attachment, social support, ethnic identity, and perceived discrimination on immigrant adolescents’ mental health.

Method: The sample included 226 Syrian immigrants (X̄
age = 13.31, SD=1.67, 70.8 % girls). Adolescents live in a homogenous social environment where proportion of Syrian is higher. Two hierarchical regression models were used to predict depression and emotional problems. In both models, the predictive roles of social and psychological factors were examined in separate steps.

Results: The regression analysis results for depression emphasized peer attachment, social support, and ethnic identity did not affect the depression after controlling the effect of emotional problems. Similarly, regression analysis results for emotional problems showed that peer attachment, social support, and ethnic identity did not affect depression after controlling the effect of emotional problems. The results also revealed that perceived discrimination was a risk factor for both depression and emotional problems.

Conclusions: The results underlined the importance of psychological variables on immigrant adolescents’ depression. Past research emphasized that ethnic identity and peer support had a buffering effect on mental health. The current study participants were living in a different area where they attended schools for only immigrants. The social environment was totally different from the host culture. These reasons may account for why social support from ethnic peers and ethnic identity development did not emerge as a protective factor in the present study. The results will further be discussed in terms of the importance of interaction between ethnic and host culture.
Ultrafiltration fouling behavior of natural organic matter: a perspective of EEM and molecular weight distribution
Authors: Kuo Gao , Yuan Song 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
As natural organic matter (NOM) can cause serious ultrafiltration (UF) membrane fouling, most previous studies on UF fouling caused by NOM focused on the contribution of NOM characteristics. In this study, the correlation of molecular weight and fluorescence characteristics was examined and the fouling behavior of NOM was examined in a comprehensive manner through a lot of analysis including redundancy analysis (RDA), parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results showed that NOM from Tong Xin river was composed of humic acid (500 Da–8,000 Da), tryptophan-like substance, soluble microbial product (SMP) and aromatic protein (600,000 Da–2,000,000 Da). Notably, UF performance was significantly affected by the humic acid-like substance. Concurrently, the combined mechanism (CM) model was adopted to evaluate the fouling mechanism of NOM. The results indicated that the cake-intermediate model played an important part during membrane fouling and the cake layer fouling had a larger predominance over the intermediate blocking, which can be further proved in the membrane morphology detection.
Evaluation of DNA extraction methods for quantifying Helicobacter pylori in water with PCR inhibitors
Authors: Lee Eun-Sook , Cha So-Yang , Jung Jong-Soon 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
DNA extraction methods were evaluated to reduce PCR inhibitors and quantify Helicobacter pylori directly from water samples using real-time PCR. Three nucleic acid extraction methods were evaluated for different types of water samples. While the QIAamp DNA mini kit for tissue was suitable for DNA extraction from treated water, the QIAamp DNA stool mini kit was still efficient in analyzing samples from river water after heavy rain and with high concentration of PCR inhibitors. The FastDNA SPIN Kit for Soil could extract DNA effectively from microbes in river and stream waters without heavy rain. Immunomagnetic separation (IMS) was used prior to DNA extraction and was a useful tool for reducing PCR inhibitors in influent and stream samples. H. pylori in various waters could be quantified directly by real-time PCR while minimizing the effect of PCR inhibitors by an appropriate method through the evaluation of DNA extraction methods considering the characteristics of the matrix water. The findings of the present study suggest that the types or characteristics of water sample by source and precipitation are an important factor in detecting H. pylori and they can be applied when detecting and monitoring of other pathogens in water.
Parkinson’s Disease: A Current Perspectives on Parkinson’s Disease and
Key Bioactive Natural Compounds as Future Potential Drug Candidates
Authors: Ali Nabeel , Syeda Amna , Topgyal Tenzin , Gaur Naseem , Islam Asimul 
Published: June 2021

Abstract:
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common types of neurological disorder pre-vailing worldwide and is rapidly increasing in the elderly population across the globe. The cause of PD is still unknown, but a number of genetic as well as environmental factors contributing to the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease have been identified. The hallmark of PD includes dopamine deficiency (neurotransmitter imbalance) due to the gradual loss of dopaminergic nerves in the sub-stantia nigra in the midbrain. Studying the mutation of associated genes is particularly informative in understanding the fundamental molecular and pathogenic changes in PD. Intracellular accumulation of misfolded or degraded protein due to mutated genes leading to the manifestation of mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress followed by multifaceted patho-physiologic symptoms. Other studies include the appearance of both motor and non-motor responses like resting tremor, muscle stiffness, slow movement and anxiety, anaemia, constipation, rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder. Many bioactive natural compounds have shown positive pharmacological results in treating a number of extensive disease models of PD. Despite the availability of end number of potent medicinal plants around the world, limited research has been done associated with various neurological disorders, in-cluding PD. The currently available dopamine-based drug treatments have several side-effects, fur-ther, not effective enough to combat PD completely. Therefore, various plant-based compounds with medicinal benefits have grabbed lots of attention of researchers to deal with various life-threatening neurodegenerative disorders like PD. On the basis of literature available till date, here, we have dis-cussed and addressed the molecular basis, current scenario, and the best possible treatment of PD for the future with minimal or no side-effects using various key bioactive compounds from natural origin/medicinal plants.
The Feasibility of Low-dose Chest CT Acquisition Protocol for the Imaging of COVID-19 Pneumonia
Authors: Atlı Eray , Uyanık Sadık Ahmet , Öğüşlü Umut , Cenkeri Halime Çevik , Yılmaz Birnur , Gümüş Burçak 
Published: June 2021

Objective:
This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of low-dose chest CT acquisition
protocol for the imaging of COVID 19 disease or suspects of this disease in adults.

Method:
In this retrospective case-control study, the study group consisted of 141 patients who
were imaged with low dose chest CT acquisition protocol. The control group consisted of 92 patients
who were imaged with standard protocol. Anteroposterior and lateral diameters of chest, effective
diameter and scan length, qualitative and quantitative noise levels, volumetric CT dose index
(CTDIvol), dose length product (DLP), and size-specific dose estimations were compared between
groups.

Results:
Radiation dose reduction by nearly 90% (CTDIvol and DLP values 1.06 mGy and 40.3
mGy.cm vs. 8.07 mGy and 330 mGy.cm, respectively; p < 0.001) was achieved with the use of
low-dose acquisition chest CT protocol. Despite higher image noise with low-dose acquisition protocol,
no significant effect on diagnostic confidence was encountered. Cardiac and diaphragm
movement-related artifacts were similar in both groups (p=0.275). Interobserver agreement was
very good in terms of diagnostic confidence assessment.

Conclusion:
For the imaging of COVID-19 pneumonia or suspects of this disease in adults, lowdose
chest CT acquisition protocol provides remarkable radiation dose reduction without adversely
affecting image quality and diagnostic confidence.
Inferior Vena Cava Thrombus Secondary to Ureteropelvic Junction
Obstruction with Severe Hydronephrosis
Authors: Yeaman Clinton , Peruri Adithya , Rodriguez-Carpio Tania , Sharma Aditya , Ramcharitar Randy , Krupski Tracey , Khaja Minhaj 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Benign external compression of the inferior vena cava (IVC) with distal
thrombus formation is seldomly described in the medical literature.

Case Presentations:
We report a case of external IVC compression by a dilated right renal pelvis
and hydronephrotic kidney secondary to longstanding Ureteropelvic Junction (UPJ) obstruction
found in a 68-year-old male. Management included therapeutic anticoagulation, IVC filter placement,
attempted thrombectomy by interventional radiology, and interval repeats imaging. This patient
demonstrated complete resolution of the caval thrombus on repeat imaging 2 months following
discharge. This case highlights the importance of interdisciplinary team coordination, a crucial
component of patient’s management and eventual treatment plan. It is reasonable to manage patients
with IVC thrombus with anticoagulation alone.

Conclusion:
Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Triazolothiadiazoles Derived
from NSAIDs as Anticancer Agents
Authors: Aytaç Peri , Sahin Irem Durmaz , Atalay Rengül Çetin , Tozkoparan Birsen 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Although transplantation, surgical resection, and tumor ablation are treatment options available
following early diagnosis of HCC, poor prognosis and high recurrence rates restrict the efficacy of these approaches.
Hence, small molecules with high selectivity and bioactivity are urgently required.

Objective:
This study presents the synthesis of a series of new triazolothiadiazole derivatives (1a-3j) with NSAID
moieties and their cytotoxic bioactivities.

Methods:
The new synthetic derivatives (1-3; 1a-3j) and NSAIDs ibuprofen, naproxen, and flurbiprofen that commonly
used in clinics were screened against human liver (Huh7), breast (MCF7), and colon (HCT116) carcinoma cell lines
under in vitro conditions via NCI-sulforhodamine B assay.

Results:
The 4-methoxyphenyl substituted condensed derivatives 1h, 2h, and 3h were the most active compounds.
Based on its high potency, compound 3h was selected for the further biological evaluation of hepatocellular carcinoma
cell lines, and the mechanisms underlying cell death induced by 3h were determined. The results revealed that compound
3h induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in the sub G1 phase in human liver cancer cells.

Conclusion:
These new small molecules may be used for the development of new lead compounds.
Understanding People’s Use of and Perspectives on Mood-Tracking Apps: Interview Study
Authors: Schueller Stephen M , Neary Martha , Lai Jocelyn , Epstein Daniel A 
Published: June 2021

Background
Supporting mental health and wellness is of increasing interest due to a growing recognition of the prevalence and burden of mental health issues. Mood is a central aspect of mental health, and several technologies, especially mobile apps, have helped people track and understand it. However, despite formative work on and dissemination of mood-tracking apps, it is not well understood how mood-tracking apps used in real-world contexts might benefit people and what people hope to gain from them.

Objective
To address this gap, the purpose of this study was to understand motivations for and experiences in using mood-tracking apps from people who used them in real-world contexts.

Methods
We interviewed 22 participants who had used mood-tracking apps using a semistructured interview and card sorting task. The interview focused on their experiences using a mood-tracking app. We then conducted a card sorting task using screenshots of various data entry and data review features from mood-tracking apps. We used thematic analysis to identify themes around why people use mood-tracking apps, what they found useful about them, and where people felt these apps fell short.

Results
Users of mood-tracking apps were primarily motivated by negative life events or shifts in their own mental health that prompted them to engage in tracking and improve their situation. In general, participants felt that using a mood-tracking app facilitated self-awareness and helped them to look back on a previous emotion or mood experience to understand what was happening. Interestingly, some users reported less inclination to document their negative mood states and preferred to document their positive moods. There was a range of preferences for personalization and simplicity of tracking. Overall, users also liked features in which their previous tracked emotions and moods were visualized in figures or calendar form to understand trends. One gap in available mood-tracking apps was the lack of app-facilitated recommendations or suggestions for how to interpret their own data or improve their mood.

Conclusions
Although people find various features of mood-tracking apps helpful, the way people use mood-tracking apps, such as avoiding entering negative moods, tracking infrequently, or wanting support to understand or change their moods, demonstrate opportunities for improvement. Understanding why and how people are using current technologies can provide insights to guide future designs and implementations.
Indonesian learners in Australian education environment: perceptions, challenges, and resilience
Authors: Purwati Diana , Silvia Arnis 
Published: June 2021

With the economic development of Indonesia in the recent years, there has been a large number of Indonesian students continue their higher education in overseas countries, particularly Australia. Hence, examining their perceptions, challenges and experiences to adapt to the Australian English learning environment becomes an interesting attribute to explore. Drawing on this issue, the in-hand study explores how Indonesian learners dealt with challenges and difficulties in Australian education environment. Employing a qualitative research, this study involved eight Indonesian learners enrolled in English language programs in a number of Australian universities. Using interview as the instrument, the findings showed that the participants perceived a positive perception toward the communication activities during the teaching and learning practices; however, they encountered some difficulties related to grammar instruction within communicative practice. The results of interview further revealed that most of the learning difficulties they experienced were due to their prior exposure and habit to Indonesian teaching and learning styles. The participants further conveyed that enhancing English ability and building confidence were two most possible ways to deal with the difficulties. These results contribute as fruitful insights for teachers to be aware of different learners’ styles and needs, particularly those coming from various cultural backgrounds, so that they could engage in more interactive teaching and learning activities.
1000-P: Plasma Water T2 Monitors Cardiometabolic Health and Improves with Lifestyle Modification
Authors: CISTOLA DAVID P. , PATEL RINKAL , CAMPBELL ERIN , PATEL VIPULKUMAR , DWIVEDI ALOK K. 
Published: June 2021

Plasma water T2 is a screening tool for cardiometabolic health. It detects hidden insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and inflammation. To assess the response of T2 to lifestyle changes, we are conducting an ancillary study of PREMIER. The parent PREMIER trial evaluated the effect of lifestyle interventions on blood pressure. Many subjects had insulin resistance, prediabetes and/or metabolic syndrome. The interventions included physical activity, weight loss, ↓sodium and alcohol, and the DASH diet.
Hypothesis: Plasma water T2 increases (improves) with PREMIER interventions.
Methods: Subjects (n=810) were randomized into 3 arms: established, established+DASH and advice only. The subjects were 62% female, 34% black, age 50.0±8.9 years. Inclusion criteria were age ≥25, ↑BP and BMI 18.5-45.0 kg/m2. Exclusion criteria were diabetes, prior CV event, heart failure, cancer or psychiatric hospitalization within 2 yrs. In the ancillary study, mixed effects models were used to assess T2 values at 6- and 18-months post-intervention, after adjusting for baseline T2 and other co-variates. Multiple means comparisons used Dunnett’s test.
Results: Model 1 adjusted for baseline T2, BMI, visit and treatment group as fixed effects, with nested subject ID-recruitment site as random effects. All three arms showed progressive increases in T2 at 6 and 18 mo, but were significant at 18 mo. Mean T2 at 18 mo for the established+DASH and advice-only arms were 792.8 ms (95% CI: 782.7, 802.8; p=0.0027) and 794.4 ms (95% CI: 784.5, 804.3; p=0.0006), respectively, compared with 767.5 ms (95% CI: 757.9, 777.0) for baseline controls. Similar results were seen in Model 2, which adjusted for fitness level measured by treadmill.
Conclusion: Plasma water T2 values detected global improvement in cardiometabolic health after 18 months of PREMIER interventions, even after adjusting for BMI and fitness. Early T2 screening and monitoring, paired with a simple lifestyle change, is effective for improving cardiometabolic health.

Disclosure
D. P. Cistola: None. R. Patel: None. E. Campbell: None. V. Patel: None. A. K. Dwivedi: None.

Funding
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R21HL143030)
1004-P: The Influence of Body Mass Index in Mixed-Ancestry South Africans on the Ability of A1C and Glycated Albumin to Detect Dysglycemia
Authors: KENGNE ANDRE PASCAL , MATSHA TANDI E. , SACKS DAVID B. , ZEMLIN ANNALISE E. , ERASMUS RAJIV T. , SUMNER ANNE E. 
Published: June 2021

As A1C and glycated albumin (GA) correlate in opposite directions with body mass index (BMI), combining these two biomarkers has led to improved detection of dysglycemia. As this has not been studied in Africa, we assessed in 1274 mixed ancestry South Africans in Cape Town with no prior history of diabetes (male 26%; obese 40%; mean age 48±16y), the correlation of A1C and GA with BMI and the sensitivity of A1C and GA separately and jointly in detecting OGTT diagnosed dysglycemia. A1C and GA levels were obtained. OGTT performed. Dysglycemia was defined as either newly detected diabetes (FPG≥7.0 mmol/L and/or 2hPG≥11.1 mmol/L) or prediabetes (6.1≥FPG&lt;7.0 mmol/L and/or 7.8&lt;2hPG&lt;11.1 mmol/L). Dysglycemia occurred in 24% of participants (prediabetes: 17%, diabetes:7%). By robust analysis, the correlation between BMI and A1C was positive [r=0.34 [95%CI: 0.29-0.39)] and negative for BMI and GA [-0.08 (-0.13- -0.03)]. The C-statistic for A1C diagnosis of dysglycemia in the total cohort was 0.77 (95%CI: 0.73-0.80) and for GA was 0.67 (0.64-0.71). In the nonobese the C-statistic for A1C was 0.71 (0.65-0.76) and for GA was 0.68 (0.62-0.73). In the obese the C-statistic for A1C was 0.79 (0.74-0.83) and for GA was 0.69 (0.64-0.74). Optimal thresholds by Youden index for dysglycemia diagnosis by A1C was 6.0% (95%CI: 5.8-6.2) and for GA was 13.44% (12.72-14.71). At these thresholds, sensitivities for A1C-alone, GA-alone, and A1C+GA in the total cohort were 63% (95%CI: 57-68), 53% (47-59) and 76% (71-81); in the nonobese were 51% (42-60), 55% (46-63) and 69% (60-76); and in the obese 72% (65-78), 52% (44-59) and 82% (75-87), resp. In short, this is the first demonstration in Africa of the positive correlation between A1C and BMI and the negative correlation between GA and BMI. The inverse correlations of A1C and GA with BMI may explain why there is improved detection of dysglycemia in the nonobese when the two biomarkers were combined and has important implications for screening.

Disclosure
A. Kengne: None. T. E. Matsha: None. D. B. Sacks: Research Support; Self; Sebia, Trinity Biotech plc. A. E. Zemlin: None. R. T. Erasmus: None. A. E. Sumner: None.
1010-P: Prevalence of Acute Diabetes Complications following Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: VISKOCHIL RICHARD , PAULECK SVENJA , WINN MACI , FUNAI KATSU , LITCHMAN MICHELLE L. , AKERLEY WALLACE , COLMAN HOWARD , ULRICH CORNELIA M. , PLAYDON MARY C. , HARDIKAR SHEETAL 
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Multiple case studies have reported diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in recently-diagnosed cancer patients, especially those taking immune checkpoint inhibitors. The prevalence of DKA and other acute diabetes complications (ADC), including hypoglycemia and hyperosmolarity, and their relationship with the onset of systemic cancer therapy is unclear.
Methods: This study utilized data from n=9,588 cancer patients from the Huntsman Cancer Institute, UT. Data on clinicodemographic characteristics, biomarkers, and cancer diagnoses were extracted from electronic medical records (EMR) and tumor registry. Patients included in this analysis received an ICD diagnosis of hypoglycemia, hyperosmolarity with or without coma, and/or DKA with or without coma. Systemic therapy was defined as any chemotherapy, immunotherapy or hormone therapy resulting from a specific first primary cancer diagnosis.
Results: There were 243 instances of ADC within this cohort, occurring in 211 (2.2%) unique patients. Of these 211 unique patients with an ADC, 106 (50.0%) experienced their first ADC within one year after cancer diagnosis, with a median time to ADC diagnosis of 88 days. Forty-seven (44%) of these patients experienced the ADC following the onset of systemic therapy, with a median time from systemic therapy onset to ADC diagnosis of 120 days. In these 47 patients who received an ADC diagnosis following the onset of systemic therapy, 40 (85.1%) received chemotherapy (n=20 as monotherapy), 20 (42.6%) received immunotherapy (n=4 as monotherapy) and 12 (25.5%) received hormone therapy (n=2 as monotherapy). Only 54% of patients experiencing an ADC after cancer diagnosis had a history of diabetes prior to cancer, and on average their first diabetes diagnosis was 5.4 ± 4.4 years prior to their cancer diagnosis.
Discussion: ADCs may be common following a cancer diagnosis, however a substantial number occurred prior to the onset of systemic cancer therapy and in patients with no prior history of diabetes.

Disclosure
R. Viskochil: None. S. Hardikar: None. S. Pauleck: None. M. Winn: None. K. Funai: None. M. L. Litchman: Research Support; Self; Abbott Diabetes. W. Akerley: None. H. Colman: Advisory Panel; Self; Adastra Pharmaceuticals, Orbus Therapeutics, Consultant; Self; Best Doctors/Teladoc. C. M. Ulrich: None. M. C. Playdon: None.

Funding
University of Utah Health/Larry H. Miller Family Wellness Initiative