bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adjustment and extension of the Hansen and Rattray estuarine classification diagram
Authors: Dijkstra Yoeri M. , Schuttelaars Henk M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe classification diagram developed by Hansen and Rattray (1966, Limnol. Oceanogr.) is one of the classic papers on classification of estuarine salinity dynamics. However, we found several inconsistencies in both their stratification-circulation and estuarine classification diagrams. These findings considerably change the interpretation of their work. Furthermore, while their classification includes salt wedge estuaries, the model used to derive this is only applicable to well-mixed and partially mixed estuaries. Here, we identify and solve these inconsistencies, and we propose new adjusted and extended stratification-circulation and classification diagrams. To this end, we summarise the model of Hansen and Rattray and extend their work to find analytical model solutions and an adjusted stratification-circulation diagram. Using this new diagram, it is shown that Hansen and Rattray incorrectly discussed the behaviour of dispersion dominated estuaries and that several parts of the diagram correspond to physically unrealistic model solutions. This is then used to demonstrate that several estuarine classes identified by Hansen and Rattray correspond to physically unrealistic model solutions and can therefore not be interpreted. A new and extended classification is proposed by using a recently developed model that extends the work of Hansen and Rattray to salt wedge estuaries. This results in an extended estuarine classification including examples of the location of 12 estuaries in this new diagram.
A Delphi study to identify intervention priorities to prevent the occurrence and reduce the impact of adverse childhood experiences
Authors: Sahle Berhe W , Reavley Nicola J , Morgan Amy J , Yap Marie Bee Hui , Reupert Andrea , Jorm Anthony F 
Published: July 2021

Objective: There is a lack of a systematic, coordinated approach to reducing the occurrence and impact of adverse childhood experiences. Hence, identifying feasible intervention priorities in this field will help inform policy and reformation of ongoing service delivery. The objective of this study was to identify expert consensus-driven priority interventions for reducing the occurrence and impact of adverse childhood experiences in children under 8 years of age in the Australian context. Methods: A three-round online Delphi survey was conducted to establish consensus on 34 interventions for adverse childhood experiences identified through a literature search. Six were general categories of interventions, 6 were broad intervention programmes and 22 were specific interventions. Participants were 17 health practitioners, 15 researchers, 9 policy experts, 7 educators and 3 consumer advocates with expertise in adverse childhood experiences or child mental health. Consensus was defined as an intervention being rated as ‘very high priority’ or ‘high priority’ according to its importance and feasibility by ⩾75% of all experts. Results: Seven of the 34 interventions were endorsed as priority interventions for adverse childhood experiences. These included four general categories of intervention: community-wide interventions, parenting programmes, home-visiting programmes and psychological interventions. Two broad intervention programmes were also endorsed: school-based anti-bullying interventions and psychological therapies for children exposed to trauma. Positive Parenting Program was the only specific intervention that achieved consensus. Conclusion: This is the first study to identify stakeholder perspectives on intervention priorities to prevent the occurrence and impact of adverse childhood experiences. Prioritisation of effective, feasible and implementable intervention programmes is an important step towards better integration and coordination of ongoing service delivery to effectively prevent and respond to adverse childhood experiences.
Basket of options: Unpacking the concept
Authors: Ronner E , Sumberg J , Glover D , Descheemaeker KKE , Almekinders CJM , Haussmann BIG , Kuyper TW , Posthumus H , Ebanyat P , Giller KE 
Published: July 2021

How to stimulate technological change to enhance agricultural productivity and reduce poverty remains an area of vigorous debate. In the face of heterogeneity among farm households and rural areas, one proposition is to offer potential users a ‘basket of options’ – a range of agricultural technologies from which potential users may select the ones that are best suited to their specific circumstances. While the idea of a basket of options is now generally accepted, it has attracted little critical attention. In this paper, we reflect on outstanding questions: the appropriate dimensions of a basket, its contents and how they are identified, and how a basket might be presented. We conceive a basket of options in terms of its depth (number of options related to a problem or opportunity) and breadth (the number of different problems or opportunities addressed). The dimensions of a basket should reflect the framing of the problem or opportunity at hand and the objective in offering the basket. We recognise that increasing the number of options leads to a trade-off by decreasing the fraction of those options that are relevant to an individual user. Farmers might try out, adapt or use one or more of the options in a basket, possibly leading to a process of technological change. We emphasise that the selection (or not) of specific options from the basket, and potential adaptation of the options, provide important opportunities for learning. Baskets of options can therefore be understood as important boundary concepts that invite critical engagement, comparison and discussion. Significant knowledge gaps remain, however, about the best ways to present the basket and to guide potential users to select the options that are most relevant to them.
Developing and Implementing an Intervention Study: Strategies for Mentoring Students Throughout the Research Process
Authors: Butler Brenna M. , Morrow Jennifer A. 
Published: July 2021

Introduction Designing and conducting an intervention study is an arduous task for students that requires strong teaching and mentoring practices from psychology instructors. Statement of the Problem Most research methods textbooks simply describe how an intervention is incorporated into a research study design (Johnson & Christensen, 2016), but rarely discuss steps on how to plan and develop an intervention study, leaving instructors without a guide to mentor students throughout the process. Literature Review Some research methods education instructors incorporate teaching techniques such as problem-based learning, “learning by doing,” or by incorporating online modules into their research methods curricula (Gurung, R. A. R., & Stoa, R. (2020). A national survey of teaching and learning research methods: Important concepts and faculty and student perspectives. Teaching of Psychology, 47(2), 111-120.). Teaching Implications This article provides a summary of best practices from the literature and from our experiences in planning, developing, and implementing rigorous intervention studies utilizing a checklist teaching-tool intended for undergraduate- and graduate-level psychology instructors. Additionally, teaching tips on incorporating hands-on intervention activities and projects into coursework are provided (Butler, B. M., & Morrow, J. A. (2021). Developing and implementing an intervention study: Strategies for mentoring students throughout the research process supplementary material. Figshare). Conclusion This checklist can enhance the teaching and mentorship of students to ensure successful intervention studies of their own.
New Statistics, Old Schools: An Overview of Current Introductory Undergraduate and Graduate Statistics Pedagogy Practices
Authors: Sestir Marc A. , Kennedy Lindsay A. , Peszka Jennifer J. , Bartley Joanna G. 
Published: July 2021

Background A philosophical shift in statistics regarding emphasis on “New Statistics” (NS; Cumming, G. (2014). The new statistics: Why and how. Psychological Science, 25(1), 7-29.) over conventional null hypothesis significance testing (NHST) raises the question of appropriate material coverage in undergraduate statistics courses. Objective We examined current practices in statistics pedagogy at the graduate and undergraduate levels for both NS and NHST. Method Using an online survey of a nationwide sample of current graduate students ( n = 452) and graduate faculty ( n = 162), we examined statistics pedagogy and perceptions of best approaches for teaching undergraduate statistics. Results In undergraduate statistics courses, coverage of NS material involves modest instruction in effect sizes and confidence intervals, while NHST remains dominant. Graduate courses have more balanced coverage. Effect size estimation was regarded as the most important NS knowledge for success in graduate school and the topic most in need of increased undergraduate coverage. Conclusion Undergraduate statistics courses could increase NS coverage, particularly effect size estimation, to better align with and prepare students for graduate work. Teaching Implications This research summarizes graduate program expectations and graduate student experiences regarding undergraduate statistics that current instructors can use to shape the content of their classes.
Vision-Related Quality of Life and Its Sociodemographic Correlates Among Individuals With Visual Impairments
Authors: Panigrahi Ansuman , Nageswar Rao G. , Kumari Konar Amrita 
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Visual impairment is an important public health concern worldwide that negatively affects quality of life (QOL). We aimed to assess the vision-related QOL and determine its sociodemographic correlates among individuals with visual impairments. Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional study during the years 2016–2017 among 201 individuals with visual impairments aged ≥ 40 years. After obtaining informed consent, we collected relevant information regarding sociodemographic characteristics using a pretested questionnaire and assessed vision-related QOL using the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (VFQ-25). An ophthalmologist conducted comprehensive ophthalmic examinations of all the eligible study participants. Results: The mean VFQ-25 composite score was 52.91 + 7.61. The subscale score was highest for color vision (72.39 + 21.71) and worst in the dependency subscale (31.43 + 25.2). Multivariable ordinal regression revealed that variables such as gender, place of residence, household overcrowding, dietary habits, practicing exercise or yoga, and type of eye disorder were significantly ( p< .05) associated with the QOL of individuals with visual impairments. Discussion: The QOL among individuals with visual impairments was poor in our study. Further research is needed to establish associations of various factors with the QOL. Implications for practitioners: Incorporating these determinants of vision-related QOL in the existing strategies could be useful for health care providers and social service providers in promoting the well-being of individuals with visual impairments.
Impaired discrimination of a subanesthetic dose of ketamine in a maternal immune activation model of schizophrenia risk
Authors: Meighan Wayne , Elston Thomas W , Bilkey David , Ward Ryan D 
Published: July 2021

Background: Animal models of psychiatric diseases suffer from a lack of reliable methods for accurate assessment of subjective internal states in nonhumans. This gap makes translation of results from animal models to patients particularly challenging. Aims/methods: Here, we used the drug-discrimination paradigm to allow rats that model a risk factor for schizophrenia (maternal immune activation, MIA) to report on the subjective internal state produced by a subanesthetic dose of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist ketamine. Results/outcomes: The MIA rats’ discrimination of ketamine was impaired relative to controls, both in the total number of rats that acquired and the asymptotic level of discrimination accuracy. This deficit was not due to a general inability to learn to discriminate an internal drug cue or internal state generally, as MIA rats were unimpaired in the learning and acquisition of a morphine drug discrimination and were as sensitive to the internal state of satiety as controls. Furthermore, the deficit was not due to a decreased sensitivity to the physiological effects of ketamine, as MIA rats showed increased ketamine-induced locomotor activity. Finally, impaired discrimination of ketamine was only seen at subanesthetic doses which functionally correspond to psychotomimetic doses in humans. Conclusion: These data link changes in NMDA responses to the MIA model. Furthermore, they confirm the utility of the drug-discrimination paradigm for future inquiries into the subjective internal state produced in models of schizophrenia and other developmental diseases.
Preoperative planning of total knee arthroplasty: reliability of axial alignment using a three-dimensional planning approach
Authors: Tiefenboeck Stefan , Sesselmann Stefan , Taylor Dominic , Forst Raimund , Seehaus Frank 
Published: July 2021

Background Preoperative templating of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) can nowadays be performed three-dimensionally with software solutions using computed tomography (CT) datasets. Currently there is no consensus concerning the axial orientation of TKA components in three-dimensional (3D) planning. Purpose To assess intra-/inter-observer reliability of detection of different bony landmarks in planning axial component alignment using axial CT images and 3D reconstructions. Material and Methods Intra- and inter-observer reliability of determination of four predefined axial femoral and tibial axes was calculated using data from CT scans. Axes determination was performed on the axial slices and on the 3D reconstruction using preoperative planning software. In summary, 61 datasets were analyzed by one medical student (intra-observer reliability) and 15 datasets were analyzed by four different observers independently (inter-observer reliability). Results For the femur, clinical epicondylar axis and posterior condylar axis showed the best reliability with an inter-observer variability of 0.7° and 0.5°, respectively. For the tibia, posterior condylar axis provided best reliability (inter-observer variability: 1.7°). Overall variability was greater for tibial than for femoral axes. Reliability of axis determination was more accurate using axial CT slices rather than 3D reconstructions. Conclusion The femoral clinical epicondylar axis is highly reliable. Landmarks for the tibia are not as easily identifiable as for the femur. The tibial posterior condylar axis presents the axis with highest reliability. Based on these results, clinical epicondylar axis for orientation of the femoral TKA component and posterior condylar axis for the tibial implant, both defined on axial slices can be recommended.
Comparison of metal artifact reduction techniques in magnetic resonance imaging of carbon-reinforced PEEK and titanium spinal implants
Authors: Osterhoff Georg , Huber Florian A , Graf Laura C , Erdlen Ferdinand , Pape Hans-Christoph , Sprengel Kai , Guggenberger Roman 
Published: July 2021

Background Carbon-reinforced PEEK (C-FRP) implants are non-magnetic and have increasingly been used for the fixation of spinal instabilities. Purpose To compare the effect of different metal artifact reduction (MAR) techniques in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on titanium and C-FRP spinal implants. Material and Methods Rod-pedicle screw constructs were mounted on ovine cadaver spine specimens and instrumented with either eight titanium pedicle screws or pedicle screws made of C-FRP and marked with an ultrathin titanium shell. MR scans were performed of each configuration on a 3-T scanner. MR sequences included transaxial conventional T1-weighted turbo spin echo (TSE) sequences, T2-weighted TSE, and short-tau inversion recovery (STIR) sequences and two different MAR-techniques: high-bandwidth (HB) and view-angle-tilting (VAT) with slice encoding for metal artifact correction (SEMAC). Metal artifact degree was assessed by qualitative and quantitative measures. Results There was a much stronger effect on artifact reduction with using C-FRP implants compared to using specific MRI MAR-techniques (screw shank: P < 0.001; screw tulip: P < 0.001; rod: P < 0.001). VAT-SEMAC sequences were able to reduce screw-related signal loss artifacts in constructs with titanium screws to a certain degree. Constructs with C-FRP screws showed less artifact-related implant diameter amplification when compared to constructs with titanium screws ( P < 0.001). Conclusion Constructs with C-FRP screws are associated with significantly less artifacts compared to constructs with titanium screws including dedicated MAR techniques. Artifact-reducing sequences are able to reduce implant-related artifacts. This effect is stronger in constructs with titanium screws than in constructs with C-FRP screws.
Molecular mechanism of microRNA-26a regulation of phosphatase and tensin homolog gene in condyloma acuminatum and penile squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Hu Yayu , Hu Enping , Su Xiangchuan , Chen Xiangen , Tao Xiulin , Ren Xiaoli 
Published: July 2021

Objective To investigate the expression levels and mechanisms of microRNA (miRNA) 26a (miR-26a) and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) in patients with human papillomavirus (HPV)-induced condyloma acuminatum (CA) and penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC). Methods Thirty-one patients with HPV-positive CA and 28 with HPV-positive PSCC were included in this retrospective, cross-sectional study. PTEN mRNA and miR-26a levels in lesion tissues, blood, and urine were analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and PTEN protein was detected by western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cell proliferation was assessed by MTT assay. The interaction between miR-26a and PTEN was predicted by bioinformatics analysis and confirmed by dual luciferase reporter assay Results PTEN mRNA and protein levels were significantly lower and miR-26a levels were significantly higher in all samples from patients with PSCC compared with the CA group. Bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assay confirmed PTEN as a target gene of miR-26a. Up-regulation of miR-26a significantly increased the proliferation of Penl1 PSCC cells. Conclusions PTEN expression is down-regulated and miR-26a levels are up-regulated in PSCC compared with CA. PTEN is a direct target gene of miR-26a. These results suggest that miR-26a might regulate HPV-positive progression from CA to PSCC through modulating PTEN.
Threats to Narcotic Safety—A Narrative Review of Narcotic Incidents, Discrepancies and Near-Misses Within a Large Canadian Health System
Authors: Bailey Chantelle , Jeffs Lianne 
Published: July 2021

Background Canada is currently experiencing an opioid crisis. Purpose Nurses are the largest number of frontline healthcare professionals in Canada who administer narcotic pharmacotherapy, hence, they are ideally placed to improve narcotic stewardship in hospitals. Our study aims to understand the characteristics of narcotic incidents and hence recommend interventions for narcotic stewardship. Methods Our study was conducted within a 442-bed academic health sciences center in Ontario. We extracted anonymized narcotic incident reports which occurred over a 3-year period from the SAFER System. Descriptive statistics were utilized to analyze narcotic incidents and their contributory factors. Results 272 narcotic incident reports were submitted to SAFER within the study period. Most incidents (51%) involved hydromorphone and morphine and were primarily categorized as Level I (n = 154) and Level II (n = 60). Incorrect narcotic dosing (44%), and narcotic count discrepancies (27%) were most commonly reported with active failures being the most commonly reported contributory factors such as failure to review medication orders prior to narcotic administration. Conclusions Nurses have an important role in narcotic safety as an intermediary between narcotic administration and incident reporting. Further research is needed to understand the enablers, barriers and opportunities for nurses and other healthcare professionals to improve narcotic stewardship.
Regulation of serum microRNA expression by acupuncture in patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Guo Jing , Lu Gao , Chen Lu , Geng Hao , Wu Xiaoliang , Chen Hao , Li Yang , Yuan Mengqian , Sun Jianhua , Pei Lixia 
Published: July 2021

Objective: To screen for differentially expressed serum microRNAs (miRNAs) in patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) compared with healthy participants and explore the mechanism of acupuncture in the treatment of IBS-D based on miRNAs. Methods: IBS-D patients that met the Rome III diagnostic criteria and age- and sex-matched healthy participants were enrolled between April 2017 and December 2017. Serum miRNA levels were initially determined using a TaqMan low-density array (TLDA) in pooled samples. Markedly altered miRNAs in IBS-D patients were subsequently validated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) on individual samples. All IBS-D patients accepted the acupuncture therapy for 6 weeks. The disease severity was assessed using the IBS symptom severity scale (IBS-SSS) questionnaire before and after treatment. After acupuncture, the patients’ serum was re-analyzed for altered expression of the miRNAs by qRT-PCR. Results: TLDA and qRT-PCR analysis revealed six upregulated miRNAs (miR-1305, miR-575, miR-149-5p, miR-190a-5p, miR-135a-5p, and miR-148a-3p; P < 0.05) and two downregulated miRNAs (miR-194-5p, miR-127-5p; P < 0.05) in IBS-D patients compared with healthy controls. Post acupuncture treatment, total IBS-SSS scores, severity of abdominal pain, duration of abdominal pain, severity of abdominal distention, dissatisfaction with bowel habits and disruption in quality of life decreased significantly ( P < 0.001). Furthermore, the upregulated miR-148a-3p levels in IBS-D patients also decreased significantly after acupuncture ( P < 0.05). Conclusions: The over-expression or reduced expression of several miRNAs may contribute to IBS-D pathogenesis. Acupuncture might downregulate miR-148a-3p through multiple pathways to alleviate or relieve IBS-D symptoms. Trial registration number: ChiCTR-IOR-17010860 (Chinese Clinical Trials Registry)