bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Statistical models of yield in on‐farm precision experimentation
Authors: Paccioretti P. , Bruno C. , Gianinni Kurina F. , Córdoba M. , Bullock D. S. , Balzarini M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOn‐farm precision experimentation (OFPE) is increasingly conducted using variable‐rate technology and precision agriculture (PA) equipment to measure the effect of changes in input application rates on yields and profits at specific fields. Classical linear regression models and new Bayesian and machine learning regressions for spatial data can be used to investigate site‐specific crop response from georeferenced data. The objective of this work was to compare statistical models that can be used by researchers analyzing OFPE data to estimate crop response and better describe its spatial within‐field variability. Three statistical models estimating the responses to N rates, seed rates, and site‐specific soil properties from eight OFPEs were compared: (a) linear regression (LR) for spatially correlated errors, (b) Bayesian regression (BR) with random site effects, and (c) random forest regression (RF) with kriged residuals. Models were adjusted to account for spatial variation in yield response, and with and without field characteristic covariates. Modeling spatial correlation and including plot covariates improved yield predictions. Differences among methods proved to be indistinguishable with respect to average explained variance, correlation between predicted and observed values, and mean square prediction errors (PEs). However, BR and RF outperformed LR in site‐specific prediction accuracy, with BR predictions having lower predictive uncertainty than RF predictions. The hierarchical Bayesian model for spatial data is a useful tool to process OFPE data, allowing direct derivation of linear coefficients and prediction uncertainty measures related to site‐specific yield responses.
Characterization of the human ABO genotypes and their association to common inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases in the UK Biobank
Authors: Höglund Julia , Karlsson Torgny , Johansson Therese , Ek Weronica E. , Johansson Åsa 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe ABO gene contains three major alleles that encodes different antigens; A, B, and O, which determine an individual's blood group. Previous studies have primarily focused on identifying associations between ABO blood groups and diseases risk. Here, we sought to test for association between ABO genotypes (OO, OA, AA; OB, BB, and AB) and a large set of common inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases in UK Biobank as well as disease‐related protein biomarkers in NSPHS. We first tested for association by conducting a likelihood ratio test, testing whether ABO contributed significantly to the risk for 24 diseases, and 438 plasma proteins. For phenotypes with FDR < 0.05, we tested for pair‐wise differences between genetically determined ABO genotypes using logistic or linear regression. Our study confirmed previous findings of a strong association between ABO and cardiovascular disease, identified associations for both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, and provide additional evidence of significant differences between heterozygous and homozygous allele carriers for pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis, but also for von Willebrand factor levels. Furthermore, the results indicated an additive effect between genotypes, even between the two most common A subgroups, A1 and A2. Additionally, we found that ABO contributed significantly to 39 plasma proteins, of which 23 have never been linked to the ABO locus before. These results show the need of incorporating ABO genotype information in the consultation and management of patients at risk, rather than classifying patients into blood groups.
Low‐level mosaicism in tuberous sclerosis complex in four unrelated patients: Comparison of clinical characteristics and diagnostic pathways
Authors: Manzanilla‐Romero Héctor Hugo , Weis Denisa , Schnaiter Simon , Rudnik‐Schöneborn Sabine 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant neurocutaneous syndrome caused by either TSC1 or TSC2 gene mutations. About 15% of TSC patients remain without genetic diagnosis by conventional analysis despite clinical evidence. It is important to identify somatic mosaics, as therapeutic options are now available in patients with TSC1 or TSC2 mutations. Here, we describe the clinical and genetic characteristics of four male TSC patients with low‐level mosaicism. Patients presented at ages between 9 months and 32 years. Clinical manifestations varied considerably and included brain lesions in all four patients, cardiac rhabdomyomas in two young patients, skin involvement in two patients, and retinal hamartomas and renal angiomyolipomas in three patients. One patient presented with epileptic seizures and psychomotor delay. Low levels of mosaicism for TSC1 or TSC2 mutation were found in different tissue samples employing next generation sequencing and multiple ligation‐dependent probe amplification. The five disease‐associated variants, including one second‐hit mutation, include three truncating mutations and one deletion in TSC2, and one truncating mutation in TSC1. Sanger sequencing, allele‐specific oligonucleotide PCR (ASO‐PCR), and droplet digital PCR were used to confirm and quantify the disclosed mutations. Genetic identification of low‐level mosaicism for TSC remains challenging but is important for optimal surveillance and management.
Interfacial Defect of Lithium Metal in Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Yang Menghao , Mo Yifei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAll‐solid‐state battery with Li metal anode is a promising rechargeable battery technology with high energy density and improved safety. Currently, the application of Li metal anode is plagued by the failure at the interfaces between lithium metal and solid electrolyte (SE). However, little is known about the defects at Li–SE interfaces and their effects on Li cycling, impeding further improvement of Li metal anodes. Herein, by performing large‐scale atomistic modeling of Li metal interfaces with common SEs, we discover that lithium metal forms an interfacial defect layer of nanometer‐thin disordered lithium at the Li–SE interfaces. This interfacial defect Li layer is highly detrimental, leading to interfacial failure such as pore formation and contact loss during Li stripping. By systematically studying and comparing incoherent, coherent, and semi‐coherent Li–SE interfaces, we find that the interface with good lattice coherence has reduced Li defects at the interface and has suppressed interfacial failure during Li cycling. Our finding discovered the critical roles of atomistic lithium defects at interfaces for the interfacial failure of Li metal anode, and motivates future atomistic‐level interfacial engineering for Li metal anode in solid‐state batteries.
Rapid and Direct Photocatalytic C(sp3)−H Acylation and Arylation in Flow
Authors: Mazzarella Daniele , Pulcinella Antonio , Bovy Loïc , Broersma Rémy , Noël Timothy 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHerein, we report a photocatalytic procedure that enables the acylation/arylation of unfunctionalized alkyl derivatives in flow. The method exploits the ability of the decatungstate anion to act as a hydrogen atom abstractor and produce nucleophilic carbon‐centered radicals that are intercepted by a nickel catalyst to ultimately forge C(sp3)−C(sp2) bonds. Owing to the intensified conditions in flow, the reaction time can be reduced from 12–48 hours to only 5–15 minutes. Finally, kinetic measurements highlight how the intensified conditions do not change the reaction mechanism but reliably speed up the overall process.
Revealing Ammonia Quantification Minefield in Photo/Electrocatalysis
Authors: Zhao Yunxuan , Wu Fan , Miao Yingxuan , Zhou Chao , Xu Ning , Shi Run , Wu Li‐Zhu , Tang Junwang , Zhang Tierui 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPhoto/electrocatalytic ammonia synthesis has recently developed fast while the ammonia yields over state‐of‐the‐art photo/electrocatalysts are still very moderate. Such low concentration of synthesized NH3 brings about a challenge to the reliable quantification of the product in photo/electrocatalysis. Notably, we found that the quantitative detection of ammonia concentration below 0.2 ppm is error‐prone, which is likely the case happening in the majority of photo/electrocatalytic NH3 synthesis, thus arising concerns about the rationality and accuracy for low‐concentration ammonia quantification in these processes. Herein, we discuss the methodology used and analyze the reliability of various detection methods for the detection of trace ammonia in aqueous media. The challenges facing the detection of low concentration of ammonia in photo/electrocatalysis can be overcome by integration with multiple detection methods. According to the data presented, we also propose an effective criterion for precise quantification of ammonia, avoiding the unreasonable comparisons in photo/electrocatalytic ammonia synthesis.
Influence of non‐metallic fraction of printed circuit boards waste on recycled polyvinyl chloride from waste wires
Authors: Grigorescu Ramona Marina , Ghioca Paul , Iancu Lorena , David Madalina Elena , Ion Rodica‐Mariana , Nicolae Cristian‐Andi , Gabor Raluca Augusta , Radu Elena Ruxandra , Ganciarov Mihaela , Spurcaciu Bogdan , Alexandrescu Elvira , Ciuprina Florin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRecycling of electric and electronic equipment is an emerging global issue in order to decrease the high amount of waste deposited on landfill or incinerated, and thus reducing the environmental pollution. Different strategies of eliminating this waste can be applied. In this paper, the non‐metallic fraction of printed circuit boards, due to the contained amount of glass fiber and rigid epoxy matrix, are considered suitable for valorization as reinforcing filler for polyvinyl chloride recovered from the insulation of equipment cables. The composites containing up to 30% filler are characterized in terms of structural, morphological, thermal, dielectric, mechanical and dynamic‐mechanical properties. Physical interactions are established between the components. Good homogeneity of composites at small dosages of filler is proven, and thus the mechanical and dynamic‐mechanical properties present increased or unchanged values compared with the polymeric matrix. At higher amounts of waste powder, some defects and agglomerates are observed and correlated with decreased values of the main tensile characteristics. Based on the physical‐mechanical and dielectric characterization, the paper shows that reinforced recycled polyvinyl chloride composites with 15%–20% non‐metallic fraction of printed circuit boards waste present suitable properties for reuse the polymer in different technical applications, mainly as insulating technical materials.
Parameterization of classical nonpolarizable force field for hydroxide toward the large‐scale molecular dynamics simulation of cellulose in pre‐cooled alkali/urea aqueous solution
Authors: Chen Yu , Fu Xiaotong , Yu Shuxian , Quan Kun , Zhao Changjun , Shao Ziqiang , Ye Dongdong , Qi Haisong , Chen Pan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe empirical force fields (FFs) based on molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studying the dissolution mechanism of cellulose in cold alkali solution suffers the lacking of reliable classical FFs for hydroxide. By a simple adjustment, we transferred one available polarizable force field (FF) of hydroxide into a nonpolarizable one and combined it with GORMOS FF. Simulation based on these parameters provided accurate hydration spheres and solution structure of hydroxide that is comparable to the polarizable one, providing an opportunity for the large‐scale MD simulation of the long cellulose chain in alkali/urea system for the study of dissolution and regeneration as well as mercerization process.
Bryde's whales in the North‐East Atlantic: New insights on site fidelity and connectivity between oceanic archipelagos
Authors: Ferreira Rita , Dinis Ana , Badenas Anja , Sambolino Annalisa , Marrero‐Pérez Jacobo , Crespo Ana , Alves Filipe 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

The conservation of marine megafauna presents numerous difficulties owing to their high mobility over difficult‐to‐access oceanic areas that impairs the collection of basic, but essential, biological information.
The Bryde's whale (Balaenoptera edeni) is one of the most elusive species of baleen whales, and although it is known to be a seasonal visitor to several archipelagos in Macaronesia (the Azores, Madeira, and Canaries), there are no studies regarding its occurrence or geographical connectivity in this area of the Atlantic.
A 14‐year photographic database was used to determine short‐term (intra‐seasonal) and long‐term (inter‐annual) Bryde's whale site fidelity and to estimate individual residency times in Madeira, whereas photographic catalogues from Madeira and the Canaries were compared in order to assess large‐scale movements (i.e. on the scale of hundreds of kilometres).
In Madeira, 59 individuals were identified, 27 (45.8%) of which were recaptured. Of these, 10 individuals (37.0%) presented short‐term site fidelity and 17 individuals (63.0%) presented long‐term site fidelity, with a maximum recapture interval of 12 years. Lagged identification rates showed that five individuals (SE = 2) remained in the area for 32 days (SE = 108 days) before leaving and not returning during the same year. Seven individuals were seen both in Madeira and the Canaries (catalogue comprising 51 individuals), three of which were identified multiple times in both archipelagos, with a minimum of 43 days between consecutive sightings.
This information combined with the fact that this species is commonly sighted accompanied by calves and feeding in both archipelagos highlights the ecological importance of this area for Bryde's whales. This should be taken into consideration by policymakers when implementing conservation measures, where coordination of effort among countries is needed. This study also reinforces the value of using data from platforms of opportunity and of making photographic data open access.
Labour‐saving construction of a target protein interaction network by selective culture and high‐throughput sequencing
Authors: Hu Yueheng , Yu Qi , Chen Yu , Zhang Luyao , Fu Xianrong , Ding Lian , Liu Ye , Guan Zhiyong , Fang Weimin , Chen Fadi , Song Aiping 
Published: July 2021

AbstractYeast two‐hybrid (Y2H) is a classic method of screening for protein‐protein interactions. However, the operation process is labor intensive and time consuming, and there is a high possibility of false positives and false negatives.Combined with wet lab operation and bioinformatics analysis, we developed a novel method of Y2H library screening using Chrysanthemum morifolium CmMPK3 as an example.The protocol can not only greatly simplify the steps of traditional Y2H library screening but also identify as many interacting proteins as possible. Furthermore, this protocol is applicable to any species, even if no genomic information is available yet.
Process Parameter Screening for the Microalga Chlamydomonas asymmetrica in Batch and Turbidostat Cultivations
Authors: Hahm Joachim , Bauer Andreas , Jung Sun‐Hwa , Zell Niklas , Boßle Fabian , Buchholz Rainer , Lindenberger Christoph 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAlgae offer tremendous potential for the production of various high‐value products (HVPs). Besides the light quantity and quality, factors such as temperature, medium composition, pH, and aeration are important algae‐specific process parameters that influence growth behavior and their chemical composition. Screenings for algae and their HVPs are ongoing, but the available data for their cultivability and suitability as production organisms are limited. Turbidostat processes enable a simple and fast screening for light‐specific influences, as constant biomass concentrations will result in constant self‐shading. Here, the microalgae Chlamydomonas asymmetrica was cultivated in cylindrical photobioreactor screening modules. A detailed characterization the light and temperature dependency of the organisms' HVPs is provided.
Special Mixing Behavior of Chelate‐based Ionic Liquid with Methanol
Authors: Zhang Songna , Wang Yongtao , Yao Jia , Li Haoran 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCompared to the general ionic liquids (ILs), a significant deviation of the binary mixtures of 1‐decyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tri(hexafluoroacetylaceto)‐copper(II) ([C10mim][Cu(hfacac)3]) with methanol was found, indicating the way methanol interacts with ILs might be governed by the special structure of the chelating anion. IR results showed that the
(C2‐H) of 1‐decyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluoroacetylacetonate ([C10mim][hfacac]) blue‐shifted more significantly than that of [C10mim][Cu(hfacac)3], meanwhile the
(C=O) red‐shifted in [C10mim][Cu(hfacac)3], which is contrast with that in [C10mim][hfacac]. Two‐dimensional correlation analysis of the FTIR spectra indicated that the chelating cavity has little effect on the sequence of the ILs sites that interact with methanol. Combined with small angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) results, the picture of mixing processes in these two systems were proposed. Methanol interacts directly with the anion followed by the cation in [C10mim][hfacac], while methanol preferentially enters the chelating cavity and enhances the packing effect in the [C10mim][Cu(hfacac)3] system.
3D Carbon Networks: Design and Applications in Sodium Ion Batteries
Authors: Yuan Guobao , Liu Dapeng , Feng Xilan , Zhang Yu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAs the key component of a new generation for low‐cost energy storage systems, sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) have attracted enormous attention and research due to its promising potentiality in large‐scale electrochemical energy storage. For practical application of SIBs, carbonaceous materials have been considered to be one of the best choices for electrodes in virtue of their abundant reserves, low cost, easy availability, and environmental friendliness. 3D carbon network (3D‐carbon) is of particular interests, which has displayed outstanding features, including abundant active sites, interconnected multi‐level pore structures, high electronic conductivity, and excellent mechanical stability. Herein, we review the structural advantages of 3D‐carbon and its preparation methods, and then discuss recent progress in 3D carbon materials and their composites for SIBs. The superior functionalities of 3D‐carbon are emphasized as support templates or encapsulation shell membranes. Finally, we summarize and outline the challenges and future prospects of 3D‐carbon in SIBs.
Progressive chronic SARS‐CoV‐2‐positive giant cell myoendocarditis with atrial standstill and sudden cardiac death
Authors: Blagova Olga , Ainetdinova Dilyara , Sedov Alexey , Lutokhina Yulia , Kogan Evgeniya , Kukleva Anna , Sedov Vsevolod , Zaitsev Alexander , Vasukov Sergey , Alexandrova Svetlana , Sarkisova Natalya 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGiant cell myocarditis (GCM) is a rare condition. Its association with SARS‐CoV‐2 has not been described before. The 46‐year‐old female patient was admitted to the clinic on September 2020. She had 7 year adrenal insufficiency history and infarct‐like debut of myocardial disease in November 2019. After COVID‐19 in April 2020, cardiac disease progressed. The examination showed low QRS voltage, QS complexes in V1–V5 leads, atrial standstill, left ventricular systolic and restrictive dysfunction, elevated anti‐heart antibodies, and subepicardial late gadolinium enhancement by magnetic resonance imaging. Endomyocardial biopsy and pacemaker implantation were performed, but the patient died suddenly due to ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation (the resuscitation was ineffective). The autopsy revealed GCM, SARS‐CoV‐2, and Parvovirus B19 were detected in the myocardium. The role of SARS‐CoV‐2 in the pathogenesis of autoimmune myocarditis is discussed.
The association between ivabradine and adverse cardiovascular events in acute decompensated HFrEF patients
Authors: Liao Chia‐Te , Huang Jin‐Long , Liang Huai‐Wen , Chung Fa‐Po , Lee Ying‐Hsiang , Lin Po‐Lin , Chiou Wei‐Ru , Lin Wen‐Yu , Hsu Chien‐Yi , Chang Hung‐Yu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimsIvabradine has been used in patients who have chronic heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and concomitant sinus heart rate ≥70 bpm. This administration for acute HFrEF remains a concern. This study used a real‐world multicentre database to investigate the effects of ivabradine among patients with acute decompensated HFrEF before discharge.Methods and resultsThis study retrospectively identified patients with acute decompensated HFrEF who were administered ivabradine at discharge from two multicentre HF databases. Propensity score matching was performed to adjust for confounders. Cardiovascular mortality, all‐cause mortality, and recurrent HF rehospitalization risks were then compared between those with and without ivabradine treatment. After 1:2 propensity score matching, 876 patients (age, 60.7 ± 14.6 years; female, 23.2%; left ventricular ejection fraction, 28.2% ± 7.8%; and heart rate at discharge, 84.3 ± 13.8 bpm) were included in the final analysis, including 292 and 584 patients with and without ivabradine treatment at discharge, respectively. No significant differences were observed in baseline characteristics between the two groups. At 1 year follow‐up, patients in the ivabradine group had significantly lower heart rates (77.6 ± 14.7 vs. 81.1 ± 16.3 bpm; P = 0.005) and lower HF severity symptoms (New York Heart Association Functional class, 2.1 ± 0.7 vs. 2.3 ± 0.9; P < 0.001) than those from the non‐ivabradine group. Ivabradine users had significantly lower risks of 1 year cardiovascular mortality (5.8 vs. 12.2 per 100‐person year; P = 0.003), all‐cause mortality (7.2 vs. 14.0 per 100‐person year; P = 0.003), and total HF rehospitalization (42.3 vs. 72.6 per 100‐person year; P < 0.001) than non‐ivabradine users. Following multivariate analysis, the predischarge prescription of ivabradine remained independently associated with lower 1 year all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio, 0.45; 95% confidence interval, 0.28–0.74; P = 0.002) and cardiovascular mortality (hazard ratio, 0.41; 95% confidence interval, 0.24–0.72; P = 0.002).ConclusionsThe current study findings suggest that ivabradine treatment is associated with reduced risks of cardiovascular mortality, all‐cause mortality, and HF rehospitalization within 1 year among patients with acute decompensated HFrEF in real‐world populations.
Framework for determining the suitability of blockchain: Criteria and issues to consider
Authors: Hassija Vikas , Zeadally Sherali , Jain Ishan , Tahiliani Aman , Chamola Vinay , Gupta Shashank 
Published: July 2021

AbstractVarious distributed ledger technologies (DLTs), such as blockchain, have evolved significantly in recent years. These technologies provide a robust and effective solution for providing confidentiality, integrity, nonrepudiation, authentication, and transparency. While blockchain has many advantages, it has various limitations as well, such as complexity, low throughput, privacy, and so on. We discuss the issues that must be considered when deciding whether to use these technologies in a given case or not. We describe the operation of blockchain, application areas where blockchain is suitable, and those where it is not. We also discuss the applicability of other emerging DLTs, apart from blockchain technology, such as Hashgraph, Zcash, Nano coin, and IOTA.