bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Excellent performance of a cryogenic Nd:YAlO3 laser with low wavefront distortion based on zero thermal expansion
Authors: Song Yan-Jie , Xu Yuan-Zhai , Meng Shuai , Jiang Xing-Xing , Shao Chong-Feng , Song Ze-Xin , Zong Nan , Wang Zhi-Min , Bo Yong , Wang Xiao-Jun , Lin Zhe-Shuai , Peng Qin-Jun 
Published: April 2021

High-power solid-state lasers with good beam quality are attracting great attention on account of their important applications in industry and military. However, the thermal effects generated in the laser host materials seriously limit power scaling and degrade the beam quality. Thermal lensing and thermally induced wavefront deformation are the main causes of the beam quality deterioration. Here we investigate the performance of a zero thermal expansion (ZTE) solid-state laser gain material. In a proof-of-principle experiment, an

a

-cut rod

N
d

:

Y
A
l
O

3

(Nd:YAP) perovskite crystal is chosen to be the gain medium for ZTE around 180 K. The laser performance spanning the temperature range from 80 to 290 K is studied. The maximum output power and minimum threshold pump power were obtained at a temperature of 180 K. Moreover, the measured thermal focal power and peak-to-valley value of the wavefront distortion also reach a minimum at this temperature, an additional benefit from the crystal’s ZTE coefficient. We envisage that these results will open a new route towards the development of high-power and high-beam-quality lasers through the use of ZTE gain materials.
Long-term treatment with transcranial pulsed electromagnetic fields improves movement speed and elevates cerebrospinal erythropoietin in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Jensen Bente Rona , Malling Anne Sofie Bøgh , Schmidt Sissel Ida , Meyer Morten , Morberg Bo Mohr , Wermuth Lene 
Published: April 2021

Background
Parkinson’s disease is characterized by motor dysfunctions including bradykinesia. In a recent study, eight weeks of daily transcranial stimulation with bipolar pulsed electromagnetic fields improved functional rate of force development and decreased inter-hand tremor coherence in patients with mild Parkinson’s disease.

Objective
To investigate the effect of long-term treatment with transcranial bipolar pulsed electromagnetic fields on motor performance in terms of movement speed and on neurotrophic and angiogenic factors.

Methods
Patients diagnosed with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease had either daily 30-min treatment with bipolar (±50 V) transcranial pulsed electromagnetic stimulation (squared pulses, 3ms duration) for three eight-week periods separated by one-week pauses (T-PEMF group) (n = 16) or were included in a PD-control group (n = 8). Movement speed was assessed in a six-cycle sit-to-stand task performed on a force plate. Cerebrospinal fluid and venous blood were collected and analyzed for erythropoietin and vascular endothelial growth factor.

Results
Major significant improvement of movement speed compared to the natural development of the disease was found (p = 0.001). Thus, task completion time decreased gradually during the treatment period from 10.10s to 8.23s (p<0.001). The untreated PD-control group did not change (p = 0.458). The treated group did not differ statistically from that of a healthy age matched reference group at completion of treatment. Erythropoietin concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid also increased significantly in the treated group (p = 0.012).

Conclusion
Long-term treatment with transcranial bipolar pulsed electromagnetic fields increased movement speed markedly and elevated erythropoietin levels. We hypothesize that treatment with transcranial bipolar pulsed electromagnetic fields improved functional performance by increasing dopamine levels in the brain, possibly through erythropoietin induced neural repair and/or protection of dopaminergic neurons.
Social dominance and multiple dimensions of psychopathology: An experimental test of reactivity to leadership and subordinate roles
Authors: Johnson Sheri L. , Swerdlow Benjamin , Tharp Jordan A. , Chen Serena , Tackett Jennifer , Zeitzer Jamie 
Published: April 2021

Background
Theory and research suggest that social dominance is important for multiple forms of psychopathology, and yet few studies have considered multiple dimensions of psychopathology simultaneously, and relatively few have used well-validated behavioral indices.

Method
Among 81 undergraduates, we used a well-validated experimental approach of assigning participants to a leadership or subordinate position, and we examined how self-rated severity of depression, social anxiety, manic tendencies, and psychopathy relate to psychophysiological and affective reactivity to this role.

Results
Consistent with hypotheses, manic symptoms related to more discomfort in the subordinate role compared to the leadership role, as evidenced by more decline in positive affect, more discomfort, and a larger RSA decline, while depression symptoms related to a more positive response to the subordinate role than the leadership role, including more positive affect and more comfort in the assigned role. Social anxiety was related to discomfort regardless of the assigned role, and those with higher psychopathy symptoms did not show differential response to assigned roles.

Limitations
Findings are limited by the mild symptom levels and absence of hormonal data.

Conclusions
Findings provide novel transdiagnostic evidence for the importance of social dominance to differentiate diverse forms of psychopathology.
Combination of strontium chloride and photobiomodulation in the control of tooth sensitivity post-bleaching: A split-mouth randomized clinical trial
Authors: Pompeu Danielle da Silva , de Paula Brennda Lucy Freitas , Barros Antônia Patricia Oliveira , Nunes Samir Costa , Carneiro Alexandra Melo Pingarilho , Araújo Jesuína Lamartine Nogueira , Silva Cecy Martins 
Published: April 2021

Objective
This split-mouth randomized controlled clinical trial assessed the effect of 10% strontium chloride in combination with photobiomodulation (PBM) for the control of tooth sensitivity (TS) post-bleaching.

Methods
The upper/lower, right and left quadrants of fifty volunteers were randomized and allocated to four groups (n = 25): PLACEBO—placebo gel + simulation of PBM; Placebo + PBM; STRONTIUM—10% strontium chloride + simulation of PBM; and PBM + STRONTIUM—10% strontium chloride + PBM. All groups received tooth bleaching treatment with 35% hydrogen peroxide. For the PBM treatment, the laser tip was positioned in the apical and cervical regions of the teeth bleached in the respective hemi-arch. The laser system was operated in continuous mode, using 1.7 J of energy. A dose of 60 J/cm2 was applied to each point for 16 seconds under 808 nm near-infrared light (100mW of power), with a point area of 0.028 cm2. TS was assessed during a 21-day follow-up, using the modified visual analogue scale.

Results
In the intragroup assessment, the Friedman test indicated that PBM + STRONTIUM promoted the greatest reduction in TS after the second week of treatment (p ≤ 0.05). The Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test indicated that the groups Placebo + PBM, STRONTIUM, and STRONTIUM + PBM did not differ statistically (p ≥ 0.05) in the first and third weeks of treatment The group PLACEBO exhibited the greatest TS in the first three days after each bleaching session.

Conclusion
The combination of 10% strontium chloride with PBM was effective in reducing post-bleaching TS; however, the combination of 10% strontium chloride with PBM was effective in reducing post-bleaching TS; however, it did not differ from the individual use of Placebo + PBM or STRONTIUM groups assessed after 21 days of follow-up.
Hypertension as a sequela in patients of SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Chen Ganxiao , Li Xun , Gong Zuojiong , Xia Hao , Wang Yao , Wang Xuefen , Huang Yan , Barajas-Martinez Hector , Hu Dan 
Published: April 2021

Background
COVID-19 is a respiratory infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, and cardiovascular damage is commonly observed in affected patients. We sought to investigate the effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on cardiac injury and hypertension during the current coronavirus pandemic.

Study design and methods
The clinical data of 366 hospitalized COVID-19-confirmed patients were analyzed. The clinical signs and laboratory findings were extracted from electronic medical records. Two independent, experienced clinicians reviewed and analyzed the data.

Results
Cardiac injury was found in 11.19% (30/268) of enrolled patients. 93.33% (28/30) of cardiac injury cases were in the severe group. The laboratory findings indicated that white blood cells, neutrophils, procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, lactate, and lactic dehydrogenase were positively associated with cardiac injury marker. Compared with healthy controls, the 190 patients without prior hypertension have higher AngⅡ level, of which 16 (8.42%) patients had a rise in blood pressure to the diagnostic criteria of hypertension during hospitalization, with a significantly increased level of the cTnI, procalcitonin, angiotensin-II (AngⅡ) than those normal blood pressure ones. Multivariate analysis indicated that elevated age, cTnI, the history of hypertension, and diabetes were independent predictors for illness severity. The predictive model, based on the four parameters and gender, has a good ability to identify the clinical severity of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients (area under the curve: 0.932, sensitivity: 98.67%, specificity: 75.68%).

Conclusion
Hypertension, sometimes accompanied by elevated cTnI, may occur in COVID-19 patients and become a sequela. Enhancing Ang II signaling, driven by SARS-CoV-2 infection, might play an important role in the renin-angiotensin system, and consequently lead to the development of hypertension in COVID-19.
Kategorisasi Karakteristik Ruang Terbuka Hijau Publik untuk Menunjang Kenyamanan Kota Yogyakarta
Authors: Kurniati Ayu Candra , Zamroni Akhmad 
Published: April 2021

Pentingnya ketersediaan RTH bukan hanya secara kualitatif namun juga kualitas bagi sebuah Kota diharapkan mampu untuk menunjang tingkat kenyamanan Kota. Kondisi lingkungan yang buruk dapat meningkatkan stres masyarakat karena terbatasnya ketersediaan ruang terbuka untuk berinteraksi sosial. Kenyamanan Kota Yogyakarta memiliki nilai terendah pada ketersediaan fasilitas ruang terbuka hijau. Terdapat beberapa RTHP di Kota Yogyakarta yang kurang ramah terhadap lansia, anak dan disabiltas karena kurangnya fasilitas dan kontur tanah lokasi RTHP yang dekat dengan sungai. Selain itu, terdapat 14 RTHP atau sebesar 29,79% yang memiliki kualitas kenyamanan tertinggi/sangat nyaman, 26 RTHP atau sebesar 55,32% yang memiliki kualitas kenyamanan sedang/nyaman dan 7 RTHP atau sebesar 14,89% yang memiliki kualitas kurang nyaman di Kota Yogyakarta. Berangkat dari pemikiran-pemikiran tersebut tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi karakteristik RTHP dalam menunjang kenyamanan Kota Yogyakarta. Hasil perbedaan karakteristik RTHP akan diklasifikasikan berdasarkan tujuh variabel kenyamanan Kota, yaitu variabel sirkulasi, kebersihan, keamanan, keindahan, bentuk, kebisingan dan penerangan. Metode yang dipergunakan adalah analisis deskriptif kualitatif yang digambarkan dengan peta kategori RTHP masing-masing variabel. Kategori yang memiliki nilai kesamaan karakteristik dominan adalah kategori yang hanya terdiri dari dua-tiga kode kategori, seperti pada variabel keamanan, penerangan dan sirkulasi. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pada ketiga variabel tersebut pemerintah memiliki konsep yang matang dan pemahaman mengenai kenyamanan RTHP. Kategori yang memiliki variasi karakteristik yang cukup luas (banyak memiliki perbedaan karakteristik) yaitu pada variabel keindahan dengan 12 kode kategori. Selanjutnya, kategori prioritas untuk meningkatkan kenyamanan pada variabel sirkulasi adalah kategori A, variabel kebersihan adalah kategori G, variabel keamanan adalah kategori A, variabel keindahan adalah kategori D, variabel bentuk adalah kategori E, kebisingan adalah kategori D dan penerangan adalah kategori A. Untuk perencanaan dan pembangunan RTHP selanjutnya, diharapkan pemerintah memiliki standar dalam mengidentifikasi variabel kenyamanan, sehiggga baik pengunjung maupun masyarakat sekitar dapat lebih nyaman beraktivitas di RTHP yang juga dapat menunjang kenyamanan Kota Yogyakarta.
Analytical validation of an automated assay for the measurement of adenosine deaminase (ADA) and its isoenzymes in saliva and a pilot evaluation of their changes in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Franco-Martínez Lorena , Tecles Fernando , Torres-Cantero Alberto , Bernal Enrique , San Lázaro Indra , Alcaraz María José , Vicente-Romero María R. , Lamy Elsa , Sánchez-Resalt Cristina , Rubio Camila P. , Tvarijonaviciute Asta , Martínez-Subiela Silvia , Cerón José J. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of the present study was to validate a commercially available automated assay for the measurement of total adenosine deaminase (tADA) and its isoenzymes (ADA1 and ADA2) in saliva in a fast and accurate way, and evaluate the possible changes of these analytes in individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Methods
The validation, in addition to the evaluation of precision and accuracy, included the analysis of the effects of the main procedures that are currently being used for SARS-CoV-2 inactivation in saliva and a pilot study to evaluate the possible changes in salivary tADA and isoenzymes in individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2.

Results
The automated assay proved to be accurate and precise, with intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation below 8.2%, linearity under dilution linear regression with R2 close to 1, and recovery percentage between 80 and 120% in all cases. This assay was affected when the sample is treated with heat or SDS for virus inactivation but tolerated Triton X-100 and NP-40. Individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection (n=71) and who recovered from infection (n=11) had higher mean values of activity of tADA and its isoenzymes than healthy individuals (n=35).

Conclusions
tADA and its isoenzymes ADA1 and ADA2 can be measured accurately and precisely in saliva samples in a rapid, economical, and reproducible way and can be analyzed after chemical inactivation with Triton X-100 and NP-40. Besides, the changes observed in tADA and isoenzymes in individuals with COVID-19 open the possibility of their potential use as non-invasive biomarkers in this disease.
Effect of different drilling techniques on high-cycle fatigue behavior of nickel-based single-crystal superalloy with film cooling hole
Authors: Zhang Zhijin , Zhang Mingqi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The flat plate specimens of nickel-based single-crystal superalloy with 14 film cooling holes, which made by different drilling techniques, were used to study the high-cycle fatigue (HCF) properties at 980°C in an ambient atmosphere. At the same time, the electrical discharge machining (EDM) specimens with a single hole were also used to study the HCF properties under different temperatures. The hole and fracture micrographs were analyzed by scanning electron microscope. The results indicated that different drilling techniques have a great influence on HCF life. The fatigue limit of the millisecond laser drilling is 353 MPa, while the EDM is 359 MPa and the electro-stream machining (ESM) is 378 MPa. The fatigue life decreases gradually with the temperature increasing. The fatigue limit of EDM specimens with a single hole at 900°C, 980°C, and 1,050°C are 472, 430, and 293 MPa, respectively. The destruction of the specimens is a typical multisource rupture, and the fracture morphology includes three parts: the cracks sources around the film cooling hole, the propagation zone along the {001} planes, and instant rupture zone along the {111} planes.
Allocation of active power losses to generators in electric power networks
Authors: Yusuff Adedayo A. , Mosetlhe Thapelo C. , Ayodele Temitope Raphael 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a method for allocating active power losses in electric power networks to generators. A technique that uses current distribution factor is used to allocate losses to generator nodes. The core of the allocation scheme is based on graph theory and flows distribution in a network. Losses are only allocated based on the segment of a network that is used for power evacuation. Models of IEEE 14, 39, 57 and 118 test systems in PYPOWER 5.12 were used to test the scheme. It was observed that although the total network losses is minimised when optimal power flow is used for scheduling generation, however that does not translate to minimisation of loss allocation to some generators. The results obtained show that, the scheme can be used to allocate transmission network losses to generation nodes in electric power networks in a fair manner.
Mechanical properties of Al-Cu/B4C and Al-Mg/B4C metal matrix composites
Authors: Ayvaz Mehmet , Cetinel Hakan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
To be able to successfully produce ceramic-reinforced aluminum matrix composites by using the powder metallurgy method, the wetting of ceramic reinforcements should be increased. In addition, the negative effects of the oxide layer of the aluminum matrix on sinterability should be minimized. In order to break the oxide layer, the deoxidation property of Mg can be used. Furthermore, by creating a liquid phase, both wettability and sinterability can be improved. In this study, the effects of Mg and Cu alloy elements and sintering phase on the wettability, sinterability, and mechanical properties of Al/B4C composites were investigated. For this purpose, various amounts (5, 10, 20, and 30 wt.-%) of B4C reinforced Al5Cu and Al5Mg matrix composites were produced by the powder metallurgy method. After pressing under 400 MPa pressure, composite samples were sintered for 4 hours. The sintering was carried out in two different groups as solid phase sintering at 560 °C and liquid phase sintering at 610 °C. Despite the deoxidation effect of Mg in Al5Mg matrix composites, higher mechanical properties were determined in Al5Cu composites which were sintered in liquid phase because wettability increased. The highest mechanical properties were obtained in the 20 wt.-% B4C reinforced Al5Cu sample sintered in liquid phase.
Comparison of ANN and RSM modeling approaches for WEDM process optimization
Authors: Sagbas Aysun , Gürtuna Filiz , Polat Ulviye 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this paper, an effective process optimization approach based on artificial neural networks with a back propagation algorithm and response surface methodology including central composite design is presented for the modeling and prediction of surface roughness in the wire electrical discharge machining process. In the development of predictive models, cutting parameters of pulse duration, open circuit voltage, wire speed and dielectric flushing are considered as model variables. After experiments are carried out, the analysis of variance is implemented to identify the contribution of uncontrollable process parameters effecting surface roughness. Then, a comparative analysis of the proposed approaches is carried out to determine the most efficient one. The performance of the developed artificial neural networks and response surface methodology predictive models is tested for prediction accuracy in terms of the coefficient of determination and root mean square error metrics. The results indicate that an artificial neural networks model provides more accurate prediction than the response surface methodology model.
Hydrocortisone dosing in children with classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia: results of the German/Austrian registry
Authors: Hoyer-Kuhn Heike , Huebner Angela , Richter-Unruh Anette , Bettendorf Markus , Rohrer Tilman , Kapelari Klaus , Riedl Stefan , Mohnike Klaus , Dörr Helmuth-Günther , Roehl Friedrich-Wilhelm , Fink Katharina , Holl Reinhard W , Woelfle Joachim 
Published: April 2021

Objective
Treatment of classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is necessary to compensate for glucocorticoid/mineralocorticoid deficiencies and to suppress androgen excess. Hydrocortisone (HC) is preferred in growing children with classic CAH but recommendations regarding dosage/administration are inconsistent. The aim of this study was to evaluate HC dosing in children with CAH in relation to chronological age, sex, and phenotype based on a multicenter CAH registry.

Design
The CAH registry was initiated in 1997 by the AQUAPE in Germany. On December 31st 2018, data from 1571 patients were included.

Methods
A custom-made electronic health record software is used at the participating centers. Pseudonymized data are transferred for central analysis. Parameters were selected based on current guidelines. Descriptive analyses and linear regression models were implemented with SAS 9.4.

Results
We identified 1288 patients on exclusive treatment with hydrocortisone three times daily (604 boys; median age 7.2 years; 817 salt-wasting phenotype, 471 simple-virilizing phenotype). The mean (lower-upper quartiles) daily HC dose (mg/m² body surface area) was 19.4 (18.9–19.8) for patients <3 months (n = 329), 15.0 (14.6–15.3) for age ≥3–12 months (n = 463), 14.0 (13.7–14.3) for age 1–5.9 years (n = 745), 14.2 (14.0–14.5) for age 6 years to puberty entry (n = 669), and 14.9 (14.6–15.2) during puberty to 18 years (n = 801). Fludrocortisone was administered in 74.1% of patients with a median daily dosage of 88.8 µg.

Conclusion
Our analyses showed that still a high proportion of children are treated with HC doses higher than recommended. This evaluation provides comprehensive information on nationwide hydrocortisone substitution dosages in children with CAH underlining the benefit of systematic data within a registry to assess daily practice.
Clinical features and outcomes of adrenal schwannoma: a study of 13 cases from a single centre
Authors: Huang Henghai , Ding Qijian , Lin Xiaocao , Li Delin , Zeng Jingjing , Fu Weijin 
Published: April 2021

Background
Adrenal schwannomas (AS) are extremely rare neoplasms. This study shares our experience regarding the diagnosis and operative management of AS.

Methods
Clinical details, radiologic, laboratory, and pathologic findings as well as follow-up data were analysed retrospectively for 13 AS patients who accepted surgery at a tertiary referral hospital in China between 1 January 1996, and 31 December 2017.

Results
The mean age of the patients at diagnosis was 44.7 ± 13.7 years (range 19–62 years; male: female ratio, 1:1.16), of whom seven patients had unilateral AS on the right side, and the remaining six on the left side. None of the cases were hormonally active. None of the 13 cases were diagnosed as AS by CT imaging before the operation. Among the patients, ten were asymptomatic. The mean preoperative size was 7.1 ± 3.2 cm (range 1.6–12.6 cm). All patients underwent surgery, with open adrenalectomy in five patients and laparoscopy in eight patients. The mean tumor size on pathologic examination was 6.8 ± 3.0 cm (range 3.0–11.7 cm). The surgical specimens were confirmed by pathological examination. During a median follow-up of 60.8 ± 17.7 months, no patients showed recurrence or metastasis.

Conclusion
The preoperative diagnosis of AS remains difficult despite the advances in imaging examinations. After complete resection, the prognosis of AS is excellent.