bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
VIRDOCD: A VIRtual DOCtor to predict dengue fatality
Authors: Chattopadhyay Amit K , Chattopadhyay Subhagata 
Published: September 2021

AbstractClinicians make routine diagnosis by scrutinizing patients' medical signs and symptoms, a skill popularly referred to as ‘Clinical Eye’. This skill evolves through trial‐and‐error and improves with time. The success of the therapeutic regime relies largely on the accuracy of interpretation of such sign‐symptoms, analysing which a clinician assesses the severity of the illness. The present study is an attempt to propose a complementary medical front by mathematically modelling the ‘Clinical Eye’ of a VIRtual DOCtor, using statistical and machine intelligence tools (SMI), to analyse Dengue epidemic infected patients (100 case studies with 11 weighted sign‐symptoms). The SMI in VIRDOCD reads medical data and translates these into a vector comprising multiple linear regression (MLR) coefficients to predict infection severity grades of dengue patients that clone the clinician's experience‐based assessment. Risk managed through ANOVA, the dengue severity grade prediction accuracy from VIRDOCD is found higher (ca 75%) than conventional clinical practice (ca 71.4%, mean accuracy profile assessed by a team of 10 senior consultants). Free of human errors and capable of deciphering even minute differences from almost identical symptoms (to the Clinical eye), VIRDOCD is uniquely individualized in its decision‐making ability. The algorithm has been validated against Random Forest classification (RF, ca 63%), another regression‐based classifier similar to MLR that can be trained through supervised learning. We find that MLR‐based VIRDOCD is superior to RF in predicting the grade of Dengue morbidity. VIRDOCD can be further extended to analyse other epidemic infections, such as COVID‐19.
Carbon reservoir perturbations induced by Deccan volcanism: Stable isotope and biomolecular perspectives from shallow marine environment in Eastern India
Authors: Roy Sohom , Ghosh Sambit , Sanyal Prasanta 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe Deccan Traps in Western India is hypothesized to have caused significant fluctuations in climatic condition and organic matter (OM) productivity across the Cretaceous‐Paleogene Boundary (K/PgB). The periodic release of large amounts of volatiles into the atmosphere is thought to drive these changes. Yet, direct impact of volcanism on the carbon cycle and ecosystem remains relatively unconstrained. For the first time, we attempt to trace changes in both marine and terrestrial carbon reservoirs from pre‐ and intervolcanic sedimentary units (infra‐ and inter‐trappeans respectively) from Rajahmundry, ~1500 km SE of main eruption sites in Western India. Molecular level characterization of OM and stable isotope composition of carbonates (δ13Ccarb), bulk OM (δ13Corg), and n‐alkane (δ13Calk and δDalk) have been analysed to provide a chemo‐stratigraphic framework. In Rajahmundry, high CO2 concentration estimated from infra‐trappean carbonate nodule is synchronous with the onset of the Deccan Traps and the Late Maastrichtian warming episode. Impact of the warming event is reflected in Rajahmundry from a major shift in the terrestrial ecosystem. Marine OM production also seems to have been low throughout the infra‐trappean. A steady decrease in δ13Ccarb values, increase in mortality rates and dwarfism in invertebrates immediately below the first volcanic units in Rajahmundry suggest stressed conditions from eruption in the western part of India ~40–60 kyrs prior to K/PgB. A significant increase in heterotrophic activity is observed after the volcanic deposits in Rajahmundry that seems to have controlled the marine carbon reservoir for a maximum of ~200 kyrs after the boundary. Advent of pteridophytes, increase in carbon content and positive shifts in δ13Ccarb and δ13Calk values in the upper inter‐trappean units mark the onset of recovery in terrestrial and marine environments. Overall, our results suggest significant perturbations in the carbon reservoir as a consequence of the Deccan eruption.
Importin α2 association with chromatin: Direct DNA binding via a novel DNA‐binding domain
Authors: Jibiki Kazuya , Kodama Takashi S. , Suenaga Atsushi , Kawase Yota , Shibazaki Noriko , Nomoto Shin , Nagasawa Seiya , Nagashima Misaki , Shimodan Shieri , Kikuchi Renan , Okayasu Mina , Takashita Ruka , Mehmood Rashid , Saitoh Noriko , Yoneda Yoshihiro , Akagi Ken‐ichi , Yasuhara Noriko 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe nuclear transport of proteins is important for facilitating appropriate nuclear functions. The importin α family proteins play key roles in nuclear transport as transport receptors for copious nuclear proteins. Additionally, these proteins possess other functions, including chromatin association and gene regulation. However, these nontransport functions of importin α are not yet fully understood, especially their molecular‐level mechanisms and consequences for functioning with chromatin. Here, we report the novel molecular characteristics of importin α binding to diverse DNA sequences in chromatin. We newly identified and characterized a DNA‐binding domain—the Nucleic Acid Associating Trolley pole domain (NAAT domain)—in the N‐terminal region of importin α within the conventional importin β binding (IBB) domain that is necessary for nuclear transport of cargo proteins. Furthermore, we found that the DNA binding of importin α synergistically coupled the recruitment of its cargo protein to DNA. This is the first study to delineate the interaction between importin α and chromatin DNA via the NAAT domain, indicating the bifunctionality of the importin α N‐terminal region for nuclear transport and chromatin association.
Primary cutaneous adenoid cystic carcinoma: a clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and fluorescence in‐situ hybridisation study of 13 cases
Authors: Lv Jiao‐Jie , Ren Min , Cai Xu , Hu Jue , Kong Jin‐Cheng , Kong Yun‐Yi 
Published: September 2021

AimsThis study aimed to investigate the clinical, histological, immunohistochemical and chromosomal features of primary cutaneous adenoid cystic carcinoma (PCACC).Methods and resultsWe retrospectively analysed 13 cases identified on their clinicopathological features and performed fluorescence in‐situ hybridisation (FISH) on six available cases. Head and neck (46.2%) were most commonly involved. The median age was 53 years, with a male predilection. Histologically, tumours were classified as grades 1 (eight), 2 (four) and 3 with high‐grade transformation (HGT) (one). The HGT component was demonstrated as poorly differentiated carcinoma with multifocal necrosis and myoepithelial differentiation. Patients with one of the following factors: longest diameter of the lesion (≥ 1 cm), involvement of subcutaneous fat tissue and widely infiltrative border had a relatively higher rate of local recurrence, distant metastasis and death. Five of six cases were confirmed to have MYB translocation, while nuclear staining for MYB proto‐oncogene, transcription factor (MYB) protein was found in four cases. During the follow‐up (median = 64 months), two patients experienced local recurrences. One patient, who was classified as grade III PCACC with HGT, developed multiple metastases and died of disease. Another patient was alive with multiple metastases.ConclusionsThis is the largest single‐institution study, to our knowledge, of PCACC in an Asian population. We describe the first case of scalp PCACC with HGT, which is the only death case in our series. PCACC tends to recur locally and has metastatic potential. PCACC with HGT has a poor prognosis.
Measuring depth of invasion of submucosa – invasive adenocarcinoma in oesophageal endoscopic specimens: how good are we?☆
Authors: Karamchandani Dipti M , Gonzalez Raul S , Westerhoff Maria , Westbrook Lindsey M , Panarelli Nicole C , Al‐Nuaimi Mayyadah , King Tonya , Arnold Christina A 
Published: September 2021

AimsEmerging data support that submucosa‐invasive (pT1b) esophageal adenocarcinomas are cured via endoscopic resection, provided that invasion measures ≤500 μm, they lack other histological features predictive of nodal metastasis and have negative margins. Hence, pathologists’ measurement of the depth of submucosal invasion in endoscopic resections may dictate further management (i.e. endoscopic follow‐up versus oesophagectomy). In this study, we assessed the interobserver agreement in measuring the depth of submucosal invasion in oesophageal endoscopic resections.Methods and resultsSix subspecialised gastrointestinal (GI) pathologists from five academic centres independently measured the depth of submucosal invasion in μm from the deepest muscularis mucosae on 37 oesophageal endoscopic resection slides (round 1 scoring). A consensus meeting with a systematic approach for measuring and discussion of pitfalls was undertaken and remeasuring (round 2 scoring) was conducted. Interobserver agreement was assessed by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Cohen’s kappa statistics. A lack of agreement was seen among the six reviewers with a poor ICC for both rounds: 1 [0.40, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.26–0.56] and 2 (0.49, 95% CI = 0.34–0.63). When measurements were categorised as < or >500 μm, the overall agreement among the six reviewers was only fair for both rounds: 1 (kappa = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.22–0.53) and 2 (kappa = 0.29, 95% CI = 0.12–0.46).ConclusionsOur study shows a lack of agreement among gastrointestinal pathologists in measuring the depth of submucosal invasion in oesophageal endoscopic resections despite formulating a consensus approach for scoring. If important management decisions continue to be based upon this parameter, more reproducible and concrete guidelines are needed.
Silicon nitride–silicon carbide micro/nanocomposites: A review
Authors: Hampshire Stuart , Kennedy Tríona 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper reviews investigations of silicon nitride–silicon carbide micro–nanocomposites from the original work of Niihara, who proposed the concept of structural ceramic nanocomposites, to more recent work on strength and creep resistance of these unique materials. Various different raw materials are described that lead to the formation of nanosized SiC within the Si3N4 grains (intragranular) and at grain boundaries (intergranular). The latter exert a pinning effect on the amorphous grain boundary phases in the silicon nitride and also act as nucleation sites for β‐Si3N4, which limits grain growth during sintering. This finer microstructure results in strengths higher than for the monolithic silicon nitride. Intragranular SiC particles enhance strength and fracture toughness as a result of residual compressive thermal stresses within the nanocomposites. High temperature strength and creep resistance are also much higher than for monolithic silicon nitride and a few investigations of these topics are briefly reviewed and the proposed mechanisms are described. Within the context of other studies cited, work on Si3N4–SiC micro–nanocomposites by the current authors describes an aqueous processing route for better dispersion of commercial powders prior to sintering.
Effects of NaCl and soy protein isolate on the physicochemical, water distribution, and mobility in frankfurters
Authors: Kang Zhuang‐Li , Zou Xiao‐Li , Meng Lin , Li Yan‐ping 
Published: September 2021

SummaryIn this study, we investigated the effect of gel and rheological properties, microstructure, and water distribution of frankfurters with various amounts of NaCl (1 and 2%) and soy protein isolate (SPI, 3 and 6%). The frankfurter cooking yield, a*value, and hardness significantly increased with the increasing NaCl and SPI content. However, the frankfurter springiness and cohesiveness were lower in the case of 6% SPI and 2% NaCl content than in the case of 3% SPI and 2% NaCl content. The thermal stability of myosin improved with the increasing NaCl and SPI, resulting in more compact and continuous structures. Meanwhile, the initial T2b, T21, and T22 relaxation times were significantly shorter, and the P21 and P22 peak ratios increased and decreased significantly, respectively, implying the increase of the immobile water content. Overall, the SPI use allowed the production of reduced‐salt frankfurter with desirable quality.
Growth mindset of intelligence reduces counterproductive workplace behavior: A mediation analysis of occupational stress
Authors: Li Mengting , Fan Weiqiao , Leong Frederick T. L. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study examined (1) whether a growth mindset of intelligence (GMI) could reduce counterproductive workplace behavior (CWB) and (2) the mediating role of occupational stress. At Time 1 (the initial time point), the growth‐mindset levels of 450 employees were measured. At Time 2, 352 participants (Mage = 34.52, SDage = 9.53) completed a set of questionnaires about occupational stress that inquired into job pressure and extent of organizational support and both interpersonal and organizational CWB. The results indicated that GMI is negatively related to organizational CWB, and this relationship is significantly mediated by job pressure. This study highlighted the value of improving employees' GMI to reduce CWB.
Lower cognitive scores among toddlers in birth cohorts with acute respiratory illnesses, fevers, and laboratory‐confirmed influenza
Authors: Azziz‐Baumgartner Eduardo , Gonzalez Rosalba , Davis William , Calvo Arlene , Olson Natalie , Grant Lauren , Hess‐Holtz Morgan , Veguilla Vic , Rauda Rafael , Kaydos‐Daniels Susan Cornelia , Sosa Nestor , Aedo Ruíz Evelina I. , Armero Guardado Julio , Porter Rachael , Franco Danilo , Pascale Juan Miguel , Peacock Georgina 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundWe established cohorts to assess associations between viral influenza and cognitive development to inform the value proposition of vaccination.MethodsFrom 2014 through 2017, we called women seeking care at four prenatal clinics in Panama and El Salvador to identify acute respiratory illnesses (ARIs). Within 2 weeks of childbirth, mothers were asked to enroll their neonates in the cognitive development study. Staff obtained nasopharyngeal swabs from children with febrile ARIs for real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rtPCR) detection of viral RNA. Toddlers were administered Bayley developmental tests at ages 12 and 18–24 months. We used multilevel linear regression to explore associations between Bayley scores, ARIs, fever, and laboratory‐confirmed influenza, controlling for maternal respiratory or Zika illnesses, infant influenza vaccination, birth during influenza epidemics, and the number of children in households.ResultsWe enrolled 1567 neonates of which 68% (n = 1062) underwent developmental testing once and 40% (n = 623) twice. Children with previous ARIs scored an average of 3 points lower on their cognitive scores than children without ARIs (p = 0.001). Children with previous fevers scored an average of 2.1 points lower on their cognitive scores than afebrile children (p = 0.02). In the second year, children with previous laboratory‐confirmed influenza scored 4 points lower on their cognitive scores than children without influenza (p = 0.04, after controlling for first Bayley cognitive scores).ConclusionsARIs and fever during infancy were associated with lower Bayley scores at 12 months, and laboratory‐confirmed influenza was associated with lower cognitive scores at 24 months suggesting the potential value of vaccination to prevent non‐respiratory complications of influenza.
Lead silicate glass structure: New insights from diffraction and modeling of probable lone pair locations
Authors: Alderman Oliver L. G. , Hannon Alex C. , Holland Diane , Dupree Ray , Lehr Gloria , Vitale Adam , Feller Steve 
Published: September 2021

AbstractStructures of binary PbO‐SiO2 glasses have been studied in detail over the compositional range 35 to 80 mol% PbO using high‐resolution neutron diffraction, high‐energy X‐ray diffraction, static 207Pb NMR, and structural modeling. The changes in the local environment of Pb(II) are subtle; it has a low coordination to oxygen (∼3 to 4) plus a stereochemically active electron lone pair and, thus, behaves as a glass network forming (or intermediate) cation over the entire composition range. This conclusion contradicts previous reports that Pb(II) is a network modifier at low concentrations, and is supported by an analysis of lead and alkaline earth silicate glass molar volumes. The Pb‐O peak bond length shortens by 0.04 Å with increasing PbO content, indicating stronger, more covalent bonding, and consistent with an increase in the number of short (≤ 2.70 Å) Pb‐O bonds, from 3.3 to 3.6. This is accompanied by increased axial symmetry of the Pb(II) sites, and is interpreted as a gradual transition toward square pyramidal [PbO4] sites such as those found in crystalline PbO polymorphs. An attendant decrease in the periodicity associated with the first sharp diffraction peak (FSDP) toward that of β‐PbO, accompanied by increases in the correlation lengths associated with the plumbite network (FSDP) and silicate anions (neutron prepeak), provides evidence of increased intermediate‐range order and has implications for the glass forming limit imposed by crystallization. Pb(II) electron lone pairs occupy the natural voids within the silicate network at low PbO contents, while at high PbO contents they aggregate to create voids that form part of the plumbite network, analogous to the open channels in Pb11Si3O17 and the layered structures of α‐ and β‐PbO. Si‐O and Pb‐O bond lengths have been correlated with 29Si and 207Pb NMR chemical shifts, respectively. This is the first time that such correlations have been demonstrated for glasses and attests to the accuracy with which pulsed neutron total scattering can measure average bond lengths.
Tensile ductility and necking in consolidated amorphous alumina
Authors: Zhang Yanming , Liu Haidong , Sundararaman Siddharth , Huang Liping , Shi Yunfeng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOxide glass, one of the most transformative materials in the modern world, breaks easily under load due to its brittleness. Using classical molecular dynamics simulations, we prepared amorphous alumina by consolidating glass nanoparticles at room temperature. We showed that consolidated amorphous alumina exhibits work hardening ability, hence deforms homogeneously and fractures via necking under tension, while amorphous alumina obtained from the traditional melt‐quench process fractures catastrophically due to severe shear banding. This finding suggests that if processed properly, amorphous oxides could deform and fracture like ductile metals, which will significantly expand the applications of oxide glasses into new areas where load bearing or mechanical reliability is necessary.
A new candiru of the genus Paracanthopoma (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from the Araguaia River basin, central Brazil
Authors: Henschel Elisabeth , Katz Axel M. , Costa Wilson J. E. M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA new species of the candiru genus Paracanthopoma is described from the floodplains of the Bananal Island, a transition area between the Cerrado and Amazon, in the Araguaia River basin, central Brazil. Paracanthopoma cangussu sp. nov. is distinguished from its congeners, Paracanthopoma parva and Paracanthopoma saci, by the presence of seven opercular odontodes, five dentary teeth, five median premaxillary teeth, and first dorsal‐fin pterygiophore in a vertical through the centrum of the 23th or 24th vertebra. It is further distinguished from each congener by an exclusive combination of character states, comprising the number of vertebrae, number of precaudal vertebrae, number of dorsal procurrent caudal‐fin rays, number of ventral procurrent caudal‐fin rays, number of dorsal‐fin rays, disposition of pores on the cephalic portion of the latero‐sensory system, absence of an anterior process on the anterior margin of parieto‐supraoccipital, number of dorsal‐fin pteryigiophores and number of interopercular odontodes. Although vandelliines are known for being exclusively hematophagous, with guts gorged with blood, two cleared and stained specimens of P. cangussu sp. nov. had Chironomidae larvae (Insecta) on their guts. Because most specimens of P. cangussu sp. nov. were collected with stomachs filled with blood, it was hypothesized that the species feeds accidentally or occasionally on insects.
Changes in marine turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) epidermis and skin mucus composition during development from bilateral larvae to juvenile flat fish
Authors: Landeira‐Dabarca Andrea , Abreu Cristina S. R. , Álvarez Maruxa , Molist Pilar 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAlike other flat fish, marine turbot has the particularity that changes from larvae with bilateral symmetry to adult with asymmetry, in terms of the position of the eyes. As expected, the skin configuration of this species is also affected by the development and transformation suffered by fish during metamorphosis. In this context, changes in the epidermis of marine turbot were studied using conventional staining and histochemical techniques using six lectins (UEA‐I, PNA, RCA‐I, WGA, Con A and SBA). During development from larvae to juvenile (3–300 days post‐hatching), the epidermis increased in both thickness and the number of cell layers. In fact, the simple cuboidal epithelium observed in larvae at day 3 already became stratified at days 10–12, which sequentially increase in thickness with fish development. Turbot epidermis is composed basically of four cell types: epithelial and mucous or secretory cells that are present through the development, and pigmented cells and a type that the authors described as club‐like cells that appear during and post‐metamorphosis. The Alcian blue‐periodic acid Schiff (AB‐PAS) histochemical method revealed the presence of neutral glycoconjugates in mucous and club‐like cells at post‐metamorphic stages of fish. Accordingly, lectin analysis showed mucous cells containing glycoproteins rich in fucose (UEA‐I labelling) and glycoconjugates rich in the sequence galactose‐N‐acetyl galactosamine (PNA and RCA‐I labelling) when this cell type appears. Interestingly, melanophores were observed in the dorsal epidermis of post‐metamorphic juveniles. This type of cell contains a black‐to‐brown pigment that provides the skin the typical colour of this fish species. Changes in mucous coat composition were observed during fish development, which was attributed to different roles of the glycoconjugates.
An analysis of the relationship between risk perceptions and willingness‐to‐pay for commodities during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Li Ou , Qian Da 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe novel coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID‐19) has had a significant impact on the global retail market. Nonetheless, consumers will eventually return to the market once the pandemic is effectively controlled. Therefore, it is critical to consider which features closely linked to COVID‐19 may affect consumer behavior. The present study thus addresses this gap by investigating the relationship of risk perceptions regarding COVID‐19 with an important component of consumer behavior—namely, willingness‐to‐pay (WTP)—and further explores the underlying mechanisms behind this relationship. Data collected from 480 Chinese participants were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Results showed that those with a greater risk perception regarding COVID‐19 were more likely to exhibit a higher WTP for various commodities, which can be driven by awe and perceived loss of control induced by COVID‐19. The present study delineates the effect that public health emergencies have on the consumption intentions of the general public.