bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Raspberry Pi-Based Data Archival System for Electroencephalogram Signals From the SedLine Root Device
Authors: Suresha Pradyumna B. , Robichaux Chad J. , Cassim Tuan Z. , García Paul S. , Clifford Gari D. 
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND:
The retrospective analysis of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals acquired from patients under general anesthesia is crucial in understanding the patient’s unconscious brain’s state. However, the creation of such database is often tedious and cumbersome and involves human labor. Hence, we developed a Raspberry Pi-based system for archiving EEG signals recorded from patients under anesthesia in operating rooms (ORs) with minimal human involvement.

METHODS:
Using this system, we archived patient EEG signals from over 500 unique surgeries at the Emory University Orthopaedics and Spine Hospital, Atlanta, for about 18 months. For this, we developed a software package that runs on a Raspberry Pi and archives patient EEG signals from a SedLine Root EEG Monitor (Masimo) to a secure Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) compliant cloud storage. The OR number corresponding to each surgery was archived along with the EEG signal to facilitate retrospective EEG analysis. We retrospectively processed the archived EEG signals and performed signal quality checks. We also proposed a formula to compute the proportion of true EEG signal and calculated the corresponding statistics. Further, we curated and interleaved patient medical record information with the corresponding EEG signals.

RESULTS:
We retrospectively processed the EEG signals to demonstrate a statistically significant negative correlation between the relative alpha power (8–12 Hz) of the EEG signal captured under anesthesia and the patient’s age.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our system is a standalone EEG archiver developed using low cost and readily available hardware. We demonstrated that one could create a large-scale EEG database with minimal human involvement. Moreover, we showed that the captured EEG signal is of good quality for retrospective analysis and combined the EEG signal with the patient medical records. This project’s software has been released under an open-source license to enable others to use and contribute.
A Simple Risk Scoring System for Predicting the Occurrence of Aspiration Pneumonia After Gastric Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection
Authors: Park Kyemyung , Kim Na Young , Kim Ki Jun , Oh Chaerim , Chae Dongwoo , Kim So Yeon 
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND:
Aspiration pneumonia after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is rare, but can be fatal. We aimed to investigate risk factors and develop a simple risk scoring system for aspiration pneumonia.

METHODS:
We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 7833 patients who underwent gastric ESD for gastric neoplasm under anesthesiologist-directed sedation. Candidate risk factors were screened and assessed for significance using a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO)-based method. Top significant factors were incorporated into a multivariable logistic regression model, whose prediction performance was compared with those of other machine learning models. The final risk scoring system was created based on the estimated odds ratios of the logistic regression model.

RESULTS:
The incidence of aspiration pneumonia was 1.5%. The logistic regression model showed comparable performance to the best predictive model, extreme gradient boost (area under receiver operating characteristic curve [AUROC], 0.731 vs 0.740). The estimated odds ratios were subsequently used for the development of the clinical scoring system. The final scoring system exhibited an AUROC of 0.730 in the test dataset with risk factors: age (≥70 years, 4 points), male sex (8 points), body mass index (≥27 kg/m2, 4 points), procedure time (≥80 minutes, 5 points), lesion in the lower third of the stomach (5 points), tumor size (≥10 mm, 3 points), recovery time (≥35 minutes, 4 points), and desaturation during ESD (9 points). For patients with total scores ranging between 0 and 33 points, aspiration pneumonia probabilities spanned between 0.1% and 17.9%. External validation using an additional cohort of 827 patients yielded AUROCs of 0.698 for the logistic regression model and 0.680 for the scoring system.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our simple risk scoring system has 8 predictors incorporating patient-, procedure-, and sedation-related factors. This system may help clinicians to stratify patients at risk of aspiration pneumonia after ESD.
COVID-19 forecast for 13 Caribbean countries using ARIMA modeling for confirmed, death, and recovered cases
Authors: Talukdar Debjyoti , Tripathi Vrijesh 
Published: October 2021

Background: The rapid spread of the Covid-19 virus in the Caribbean region has led to increased surveillance with an increasing trend of confirmed cases of COVID-19 in 13 Caribbean countries. Our study aims to analyze the impact of Covid-19 (SARS nCoV-2) in 13 Caribbean countries in terms of the number of confirmed cases, deaths, and recovered cases. Methods: The study uses the ARIMA model based on the time series pattern according to data retrieved from John Hopkins University. The data were analyzed using Stata 14 SE software for the period January 22, 2020, and August 16, 2021, and forecasted till December 31, 2021. All chosen models were compared with other models in terms of various factors like AIC/BIC, log-likelihood, p-value significance, coefficient < 1, and 5% significance. The ACF and PACF graphs were plotted to reduce bias and select the best-fitting model. Results: The results show the predicted trend in terms of confirmed, death, and recovered cases of COVID-19 for 13 Caribbean countries. The projected ARIMA model forecast for the period December 16, 2021, to December 31, 2021, shows 2470272 (95% CI 2438965 - 2501579) confirmed cases, 27220 (95% CI 26886 - 27555) deaths, and 818105 (95% CI 818085 - 818125) recovered cases related to Covid-19. The final ARIMA model chosen for confirmed COVID-19 cases, several deaths, and recovered cases are ARIMA (9,2,4), ARIMA (1,2,1), and ARIMA (1,2,1), respectively. Conclusions As per the results of the forecasted COVID-19 models, there is a steady rise in confirmed, death, and recovered cases during the period June 1, 2020, until November 30, 2020, and April 1, 2021, until June 15, 2021. It shows an increasing trend for confirmed and recovered COVID-19 cases and a slowing of the number of deaths.
Information Inundation on Platforms and Implications
Authors: Allon Gad , Drakopoulos Kimon , Manshadi Vahideh 
Published: October 2021

Information Inundation and Polarization In the paper “Information Inundation on Platforms and Implications,” Gad Allon, Kimon Drakopoulos, and Vahideh Manshadi study the process of learning and opinion formation in the presence of platforms. The paper is motivated by the relatively recent changes in how people access and consume news. Specifically, more and more people access news through social platforms, such as Facebook, Reddit, or Twitter. The paper tries to answer a simple question: why is it that we become more polarized even though we have more information sources than ever? In this paper, the authors assume that people are almost rational and are not easily biased as a result of psychological biases. Yet the authors show that, even if people are good “statisticians” in the sense that they try to find the information that reduces their ignorance by the most significant amount, they choose to consume information that slows their ability to learn. In fact, the authors show that screening information sources results in polarization: everyone is sort of “stuck” in their side of the political map. We are essentially illustrating a mechanism that generates confirmation bias even for a seemingly rational reader.
Performance analysis of a photonic crystal fiber polarization filter
filled with different materials
Authors: Wu Junjun , Wang Chao , Hu Lichun , Dou Chao 
Published: October 2021

A compact square photonic crystal fiber
polarization filter with high performance is proposed. Two larger
holes filled with different metal and fluid are designed to break the
strict structure symmetry and forming high birefringence. Four small
pores are designed to provide a wider channel for the coupling between
defect mode and core mode. Its filtering and coupling characteristics
are analyzed by the full vector finite element method. In addition,
the properties of PCF filled with different materials are compared and
discussed. Different metal materials have different dielectric
constants, different optical damping, interband transitions, molecular
structure, and physicochemical properties, which make their
transmission modes and coupling strength different. The results show
that the performance of a PCF filter filled with gold and liquid is
the best, which is very suitable for an adjustable PCF polarization
filter. The calculation results show that the extinction ratio of the
designed filter can reach 5383 dB for a device length of 3 mm; the
unwanted fiber loss can reach 2073 dB/cm; and the applicable bandwidth
of 2000 nm covers almost the whole communication band. The proposed
polarization filter shows large unwanted loss, high extinction ratio,
wide bandwidth and coordination, which make it a good candidate for
excellent optical fiber filter devices.
Depth imaging through the anterior to posterior segment of the whole human eye based on optical coherence tomography in the spectral-domain
Authors: An Lin , Ye Chong , Wu Xiaocui , Lan Gongpu , Huang Yanping , Xu Jingjiang , Wei Xunbin , Qin Jia 
Published: October 2021

An optical coherence tomography system is proposed for synchronized zoom imaging of the cornea, retina, and the whole eye. The system was combined with an electrically tunable lens provided with 15 ms zoom response time and a customized optical delay line. A full-range technique was used to extend the depth of the B-scan cross sectional image. The anterior and posterior segments of the human eye were scanned by a coaxial rotating double galvanometer system. The transverse scanning ranges can reach up to 8 mm in whole eye scanning and 14 mm in fast single-frame scanning. The speed of image acquisition is over 4 Hz, and five B-scans were stitched to obtain a whole eye image. The system with electrically tunable lens and optical delay line achieved whole eye depth imaging in vivo.
Single-shot real-time compressed ultrahigh-speed imaging enabled by a snapshot-to-video autoencoder
Authors: Liu Xianglei , Monteiro João , Albuquerque Isabela , Lai Yingming , Jiang Cheng , Zhang Shian , Falk Tiago H. , Liang Jinyang 
Published: October 2021

Single-shot 2D optical imaging of transient scenes is indispensable for numerous areas of study. Among existing techniques, compressed optical-streaking ultrahigh-speed photography (COSUP) uses a cost-efficient design to endow ultrahigh frame rates with off-the-shelf CCD and CMOS cameras. Thus far, COSUP’s application scope is limited by the long processing time and unstable image quality in existing analytical-modeling-based video reconstruction. To overcome these problems, we have developed a snapshot-to-video autoencoder (S2V-AE)—which is a deep neural network that maps a compressively recorded 2D image to a movie. The S2V-AE preserves spatiotemporal coherence in reconstructed videos and presents a flexible structure to tolerate changes in input data. Implemented in compressed ultrahigh-speed imaging, the S2V-AE enables the development of single-shot machine-learning assisted real-time (SMART) COSUP, which features a reconstruction time of 60 ms and a large sequence depth of 100 frames. SMART-COSUP is applied to wide-field multiple-particle tracking at 20,000 frames per second. As a universal computational framework, the S2V-AE is readily adaptable to other modalities in high-dimensional compressed sensing. SMART-COSUP is also expected to find wide applications in applied and fundamental sciences.
Working in labor and delivery unit increases the odds of work place violence in Amhara region referral hospitals: Cross-sectional study
Authors: Dagnaw Eyaya Habtie , Bayabil Abrham Walelign , Yimer Tigist seid , Nigussie Tewodros Seyoum 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundWorkplace violence is any act of negative behavior that causes, physically and psychologically harm to health professionals face in the workplace. The prevalence of workplace violence becomes a challenging occupational issue with increasing nature worldwide. In spite of the seriousness and the impact of the problem, little is known about its magnitude and determinants in the study area and even in Ethiopia.ObjectiveThe study aimed to assess the magnitude of workplace violence and its associated factors among health care providers working for the last one year at Obstetrics and gynecology department in Amhara Regional State Referral Hospitals, Ethiopia 2019.MethodsInstitutional based cross-sectional study was conducted from October 1st to 30th, 2019. 503 study participants were incorporated in the study. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Data were entered into EPI info version 7.2.3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 23. Binary Logistic regression model was fitted to identify factors associated with workplace violence considering the association to be significant p- value <0.05.ResultThis study revealed that 44.5%of the health care providers had reported workplace violence (95% CI: 40.2–48.7). Of this majority of the Victims were experienced a verbal type of violence 200 (88.1%), followed by physical 14 (6.2%), sexual 11 (4.8%), and racial two (0.8%). Factors of workplace violence in this research with statically significant, were: working in labor ward (AOR = 7.4,95% CI: 2.9–18.7), Female sex of participant (AOR = 2.4, 95% CI:1.4–4), work experience less than 5 years(AOR 8.5, 95%CI:7.3–33.3) and numbers of staff less than5 in a shift (AOR = 5.3 95% CI:3.8–39.8) and 5–10 staff in a shift (AOR = 3.3, 95% CI:2.7–25).Conclusion and recommendationsThe prevalence of workplace violence among obstetrics and gynecology department health professionals in Amhara regional state referral hospitals was high. Developing an incident resolution protocol and legislations to encourage health professionals to prompt report violent acts and judicial punishment of perpetrators will be useful to combat workplace violence at obstetrics and gynecology department.
Beneficial effects of a plant-fish oil, slow carbohydrate diet on cardio-metabolic health exceed the correcting effects of metformin-pioglitazone in diabetic pigs fed a fast-food diet
Authors: Koopmans Sietse J. , van Beusekom Heleen M. M. , van der Staay F. Josef , Binnendijk Gisabeth , Hulst Marcel , Mroz Zlaw , Ackermans Mariette T. , Benthem Lambertus 
Published: October 2021

Background
Lifestyle influences endocrine, metabolic and cardiovascular homeostasis. This study investigated the impact of diet and oral anti-diabetic medication on cardio-metabolic health in human-sized diabetic pigs.

Methods
After a growing pre-phase from ~30 to ~69 kg during which domestic pigs were fed either a low fat, low sucrose diet (group A) or a fast food-type diet elevated in lard (15%) and sucrose (40%) (group B), the pigs were subdivided in 5 groups (n = 7–8 pigs per group). Group 1, normal pigs from group A on a low fat, low sugar (L) pig diet and group 2, normal pigs from group B on a high lard (25%), sucrose-fructose (40%), cholesterol (1%) fast food-type (F) diet. Diabetes (D) was induced in group B pigs by streptozotocin and group 3 received the F diet (DF), group 4 received the F diet with Anti-diabetic medication metformin (2 g.day-1)-pioglitazone (40 mg.day-1) (DFA) and group 5 switched to a Plant-Fish oil (25%), Slowly digestible starch (40%) diet (DPFS). The F and PFS diets were identical for fat, carbohydrate and protein content but only differed in fat and carbohydrate composition. The 5 pig groups were followed up for 7 weeks until reaching ~120 kg.

Results
In normal pigs, the F diet predisposed to several abnormalities related to metabolic syndrome. Diabetes amplified the inflammatory and cardiometabolic abnormalities of the F diet, but both oral FA medication and the PFS diet partially corrected these abnormalities (mean±SEM) as follows: Fasting plasma TNF-ɑ (pg.ml-1) and NEFA (mmol.l-1) concentrations were high (p<0.02) in DF (193±55 and 0.79±0.16), intermediate in DFA (136±40 and 0.57±012) and low in DPFS pigs (107±31 and 0.48±0.19). Meal intolerance (response over fasting) for glucose and triglycerides (area under the curve, mmol.h-1) and for lactate (3-h postprandial, mmol.l-1) was high (p<0.03) in DF (489±131, 8.6±4.8 and 2.2±0.6), intermediate in DFA (276±145, 1.4±1.1 and 1.6±0.4) and low in DPFS (184±62, 0.7±1.8 and 0.1±0.1). Insulin-mediated glucose disposal (mg.kg-1.min-1) showed a numerical trend (p = NS): low in DF (6.9±2.2), intermediate in DFA (8.2±1.3) and high in DPFS pigs (10.4±2.7). Liver weight (g.kg-1 body weight) and liver triglyceride concentration (g.kg-1 liver) were high (p<0.001) in DF (23.8±2.0 and 69±14), intermediate in DFA (21.1±2.0 and 49±15) and low in DPFS pigs (16.4±0.7 and 13±2.0). Aorta fatty streaks were high (p<0.01) in DF (16.4±5.7%), intermediate in DFA (7.4±4.5%) and low in DPFS pigs (0.05±0.02%).

Conclusion
This translational study using pigs with induced type 2 diabetes provides evidence that a change in nutritional life style from fast food to a plant-fish oil, slowly digestible starch diet can be more effective than sole anti-diabetic medication.
Language-agnostic integrated queries in a managed polyglot runtime
Authors: Schiavio Filippo , Bonetta Daniele , Binder Walter 
Published: October 2021

Language-integrated query (LINQ) frameworks offer a convenient programming abstraction for processing in-memory collections of data, allowing developers to concisely express declarative queries using general-purpose programming languages. Existing LINQ frameworks rely on the well-defined type system of statically-typed languages such as C#or Java to perform query compilation and execution. As a consequence of this design, they do not support dynamic languages such as Python, R, or JavaScript. Such languages are however very popular among data scientists, who would certainly benefit from LINQ frameworks in data analytics applications.In this work we bridge the gap between dynamic languages and LINQ frameworks. We introduce DynQ, a novel query engine designed for dynamic languages. DynQ is language-agnostic, since it is able to execute SQL queries in a polyglot language runtime. Moreover, DynQ can execute queries combining data from multiple sources, namely in-memory object collections as well as on-file data and external database systems. Our evaluation of DynQ shows performance comparable with equivalent hand-optimized code, and in line with common data-processing libraries and embedded databases, making DynQ an appealing query engine for standalone analytics applications and for data-intensive server-side workloads.
Modulus of continuity and convergence of subsequences of Vilenkin–Fejér means in martingale Hardy spaces
Authors: Tutberidze Giorgi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we find a necessary and sufficient condition for the modulus of continuity for which subsequences of Fejér means with respect to Vilenkin systems are bounded from the Hardy space

H
p

{H_{p}}

to the Lebesgue space

L
p

{L_{p}}

for all

0
<
p
<

1
2

{0<p<\frac{1}{2}}

.
Development of a Prototype Plant for the Heat Treatment of Workpieces with Preferably Bainitic Properties
Authors: Wagner S. , Streng T. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In vehicle construction, components with high tensile strengths are used, especially in the chassis area. At the same time, these components must have high toughness and be insensitive to cracking. For this purpose, hardened and tempered but also salt-bainitized components are used. The associated usual process chain after steel production consists of forming processes with subsequent cooling of the forging blanks and subsequent heat treatment with renewed heating to set the required material properties. From an energy point of view, heat treatment from the forging heat is desirable, which in addition to shortening the process chain is also associated with a reduction in CO2 emissions.
A prototype system for controlled bainitization has been developed, which implements the heat treatment immediately after hot forming by utilizing the still existing forming temperature. Here, a controlled spray field generates both a quenching and an isothermal holding phase. Various sensors generate input variables to cool the workpieces in a controlled manner. This paper gives an overview of the system technology, realized cooling curves and the resulting hardness.
Measurement Potential of the Barkhausen Effect for Obtaining Additional Information on the Component Condition in Manufacturing
Authors: Krause C. , Fehrenbach D. , Wolf L. , Kiesewetter M. T. , Radek C. , Schaudig M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe measurement of Barkhausen noise is one of the non-destructive testing methods which allows the use within the production line and within the cycle time at a high production volume. The aim of the present study was to answer the question, whether it is possible to extract the informations that the Barkhausen noise includes, concerning work-piece conditions, from the signal characteristic and more important assigning these findings. Therefore, soft machined and heat treated shaft components made of the ferromagnetic material Cf53 (1.1213) were analyzed to find characteristics in the Signal that allow to separate clearly an increase in temperature of the tested area from a change in the microstructure. For this purpose the shafts were analyzed at higher temperatures (up to 80 °C) and after an additional annealing process (to change the microstructure specifically). Both investigated situations (higher temperature and modified microstructure) showed different characteristic in the Barkhausen signal, thus an assigning is possible. Metallographic investigation and hardness measurements has been carried out to support the results.
Clinical profile and management challenges of disorders of sex development in Africa: a systematic review
Authors: Ekenze Sebastian O. , Chikani Ugo , Ezomike Uchechukwu O. , Adiri Charles O. , Onuh Augustine 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To review the published literature regarding disorders of sex development (DSD) in Africa which will highlight clinical characteristics, and challenges of evaluation and treatment of DSD.

Content
We performed systematic review of articles published on DSD in Africa between January 2001 and December 2020.

Summary
Eighteen studies involving 1980 patients from nine countries were analyzed. Overall mean age at presentation was 9.3 years (range 1 day–33 years) with 52.5 and 45.1% reared as females and males, respectively, prior to presentation. Following evaluation however, 64% were assigned female sex, 32.1% were assigned male sex, and 21.8% of the cases required sex reassignment. Only 7 (38.9%) of the publications reported medical treatment of DSD, 4 (22.2%) reported on psychosocial management and 5 (27.8%) documented multidisciplinary team management. Barring regional variations, the documented challenges of management include delayed presentation, loss to follow up, financial challenges, and lack of facilities for care of DSD. Comparison of the cases managed in the last decade (2011–2020) with those managed in the earlier decade (2001–2010) showed a trend towards earlier presentation and reduced rate of sex reassignment in the last decade. However, the challenges persisted.

Outlook
Barring regional differences, a high proportion of DSD in Africa may have delayed presentation with inappropriate sex of rearing, inadequate evaluation and need for sex reassignment. Specific efforts to improve time to diagnosis, patient evaluation, improvement of healthcare funding, and collaboration with more developed countries may improve the care of patients with DSD in Africa.