bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimized protocol for high‐titer lentivirus production and transduction of primary fibroblasts
Authors: He Xiaoying , He Qin , Yu Wangshu , Huang Jiani , Yang Ming , Chen Wei , Han Wei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe lentivirus–short hairpin RNA (shRNA) system is a widely used tool for RNA interference. Multiple factors may affect the RNA interference efficiency during lentivirus production and transduction procedures. Thus, an optimized protocol is required to achieve high‐titer lentivirus and efficient gene delivery. In the present study, lentivirus was produced by transfecting lentiviral transfer and packaging plasmids into HEK 293T cells. The factors affecting lentiviral titer were assessed, including lentiviral plasmid ratio, lentiviral transfer plasmid type, serum type for cell culture, transfection reagent–plasmid mixture incubation time, and the inoculation density of 293T cells for transfection. The high‐titer lentivirus was achieved when plasmids were transfected at a molar ratio of 1:1:1:2, and the transfection reagent–plasmid mixture was replaced 6–8 h after transfection. The pLVX‐shRNA2 lentiviral transfer plasmid was associated with the highest lentiviral titer, while both pLVX‐shRNA2 and psi‐LVRU6GP plasmids were associated with efficient RNA interference in target cells. The serum type for 293T cell culture affected the lentiviral titer significantly, while the inoculation density of 293T cells showed no influence on transfection efficiency or lentiviral titer. Moreover, the human primary fibroblasts infected with lentivirus, using the centrifugation method, achieved higher transduction efficiency than those infected with the non‐centrifugation method. In conclusion, this study helped optimize lentiviral production and transduction procedures for more efficient gene delivery.
Clinical impact of the biology of synchronous axillary lymph node metastases in primary breast cancer on preoperative treatment strategy
Authors: Nakamura Rikiya , Hayama Shouko , Sonoda Itaru , Miyaki Toshiko , Itami Makiko , Yamamoto Naohito 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground and objectivesThe purpose of this study was to assess the utility of determining the biological features of synchronous axillary lymph node (syLN) metastasis of breast cancer in evaluating the efficacy of preoperative systemic chemotherapy (PST).Materials and MethodsThe retrospective subjects initially comprised 59 patients (T1c‐4 N1‐3 M0) diagnosed with syLN metastasis via core needle biopsy who received PST. The hormone receptor (HR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status in each patient was assessed in primary breast tumor (pBT) and syLNs using immunohistochemistry, and the patients were classified into HR(+), HER2(+), and triple negative breast cancer (TN) subtypes.ResultsSubtype shift (SS) of pBT in syLNs was observed in 28% cases for HR(+), in 6% cases for the HER2(+), and in 16% cases for the TN. The pCR rate of the pBT and syLNs types were 45% and 36% in the HR(+), 45% and 39% in the TN, and 94% and 100% in the HER2(+), respectively. In SS cases, the pCR rate was significantly higher in 75% cases compared with 33% of the no‐SS cases.ConclusionA SS in syLNs was more frequent in HR(+) than in other types.
Association of preoperative and postoperative CA72‐4 with gastric cancer outcome
Authors: Wu Ting , Wang Chun‐Hua , Wang Wei , Liu Li‐Li , Yun Jing‐Ping , Zhou Zhi‐Wei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesCarbohydrate antigen 72‐4 (CA72‐4) is widely used and has been associated with poor prognosis in gastric cancer (GC), but the prognostic significance of elevated preoperative CA72‐4 that normalizes after resection remains unknown.MethodsThis retrospective cohort analysis was conducted at the Sun Yat‐Sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC). Consecutive patients (n = 1179) with GC who had undergone curative resection for stage Ⅰto Ⅲ gastric adenocarcinoma. The patients were grouped into three cohorts: normal preoperative CA72‐4 (C1), elevated preoperative but normalized postoperative CA72‐4 (C2), and elevated preoperative and postoperative CA72‐4 (C3).ResultsIn total, 1179 patients were identified. Kaplan‐Meier analysis showed that patients with normal preoperative CA72‐4 had a longer overall survival (OS) (p < .001) and recurrence‐free survival (RFS) (p < .001) than those with elevated preoperative CA72‐4. Patients with C1 had a longer OS and RFS than those with C2 or C3. Moreover, patients with C3 had the lowest OS, but had similar RFS to patients with C2. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that elevated pre‐ or postoperative CA72‐4 was independently associated with shorter OS (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.273; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.026–1.580; p = .029) and RFS (HR = 1.333; 95% CI, 1.064–1.668; p = .012).ConclusionsBoth elevated preoperative and postoperative CA72‐4 can well predict the poor prognosis of patients with GC. Therefore, routine measurement of both postoperative and preoperative CA72‐4 is warranted.
Informed consent and a risk‐based approach to oncologic surgery in a cancer center during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: de Cássio Zequi Stênio , Franca Silva Ivan Leonardo Avelino , Duprat João Pedreira , Coimbra Felipe José Fernandez , Gross Jefferson L. , Vartanian Jose Guilherme , Makdissi Fabiana Baroni Alves , Leite Fernanda Perez M. , Costa Walter Henriques da , Yazbek Guilherme , Joaquim Eduardo Henrique Giroud , Bussolotti Raquel Marcondes , Caruso Pedro , de Ávila Lima Marcon Censoni , Nakagawa Suely Akiko , Aguiar Samuel , Baiocchi Glauco , Lopes Ademar , Kowalski Luiz Paulo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundCancer patients configure a risk group for complications or death by COVID‐19. For many of them, postponing or replacing their surgical treatments is not recommended. During this pandemic, surgeons must discuss the risks and benefits of treatment, and patients should sign a specific comprehensive Informed consent (IC).ObjectivesTo report an IC and an algorithm developed for oncologic surgery during the COVID‐19 outbreak.MethodsWe developed an IC and a process flowchart containing a preoperative symptoms questionnaire and a PCR SARS‐CoV‐2 test and described all perioperative steps of this program.ResultsPatients with negative questionnaires and tests go to surgery, those with positive ones must wait 21 days and undergo a second test before surgery is scheduled. The IC focused both on risks and benefits inherent each surgery and on the risks of perioperative SARS‐CoV‐2 infections or related complications. Also, the IC discusses the possibility of sudden replacement of medical staff member(s) due to the pandemic; the possibility of unexpected complications demanding emergency procedures that cannot be specifically discussed in advance is addressed.ConclusionsDuring the pandemic, specific tools must be developed to ensure safe experiences for surgical patients and prevent them from having misunderstandings concerning their care.
Comparison of local therapy in patients with lung oligo‐recurrence of non‐small‐cell lung cancer
Authors: Sonoda Dai , Matsuura Yosuke , Kondo Yasuto , Ichinose Junji , Nakao Masayuki , Ninomiya Hironori , Nishio Makoto , Okumura Sakae , Satoh Yukitoshi , Mun Mingyon 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe effectiveness of local therapy has been reported in non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with oligo‐recurrence. However, there is still no clear consensus on the choice of local therapy. We aimed to examine the choice of local therapy in NSCLC patients with lung oligo‐recurrence.MethodsAmong 1760 consecutive NSCLC patients who underwent complete resection between 1990 and 2008, 535 patients developed recurrence. Lung oligo‐recurrence was defined as 1–5 metachronous recurrences limited to the lungs only; such recurrence was found in 97 patients. We examined the differences in the prognosis of each therapy for these patients.ResultsThe 5‐year postrecurrence survival (PRS) rates in patients who underwent local therapy (n = 54) and those who did not (n = 43) were 55.6% and 31.1%, respectively; it was significantly higher in patients who underwent local therapy (p = 0.004). Among 47 patients who underwent resection or radiation therapy, the 5‐year PRS rates were 61.5% and 47.6% (p = 0.258), and the 5‐year postrecurrence progression‐free survival rates were 30.3% and 24.7% (p = 0.665), respectively, without any significant difference.ConclusionsPatients with lung oligo‐recurrence should consider local therapy individually, depending on their general condition.
Thickness/morphology of functional material patterned by topographical discontinuous dewetting
Authors: Corletto Alexander , Shapter Joseph G. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTopographical discontinuous dewetting (TDD) patterning is a nascent 2D printing technique explored for high‐throughput nanoscale patterning of functional material inks. However, variables affecting the z thickness and morphology of the deposited functional materials inside the patterned microchannels remain unexplored. We developed a theoretical model that can determine the thickness of the deposited functional material layers using the TDD patterning technique. We then confirmed the model with experimental data by depositing colloidal dispersions into microchannels using TDD patterning to systematically study the effects of different processing variables. The contribution of evaporation‐driven flow to the deposited layer thickness was significant, with the relationship of thickness to inking speed different to that previously determined for thin film blade coating of colloidal dispersions in the evaporative regime. Additionally, a viscosity dampening effect was observed, unique to TDD of microchannels, which slowed the evaporation‐driven flow due to local viscosity increase in the microchannels. Channel dimensions and ink dispersion concentration affected thickness as hypothesized. Internal flows in the microchannels normal to the sidewalls and perpendicular to the microchannel length (“coffee ring” effect capillary flow/Marangoni flow) were found to contribute significantly to the final morphology/thickness of the deposited layers for the systems/dispersions experimentally measured.
Efficacy of a multimodal nursing intervention strategy in the process of becoming a mother: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Vargas‐Porras Carolina , Roa‐Díaz Zayne M. , Hernández‐Hincapié Hernán G. , Ferré‐Grau Carme , de Molina‐Fernández María I. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe lack of knowledge and skills for transitioning to motherhood places first‐time mothers at greater risk of depression and stress, may lower their perceived self‐efficacy and satisfaction with the maternal role, and potentially affects the mother–infant bond. The purpose of this study was to test the efficacy of a multimodal nursing intervention (AMACOMPRI), based on Mercer's Becoming a Mother Theory, in supporting the process of becoming a mother in first‐time mothers of term infants. This study was a parallel‐group, double‐blind, randomized, controlled trial with a 4‐month postpartum follow‐up. The outcome measures were the process of becoming a mother, functional social support, mother–infant bond, and perceived maternal self‐efficacy. Sixty‐six first‐time mothers completed the study: 33 in the intervention group and 33 in the control group. The intervention was effective in supporting the process of becoming a mother, with a large effect size (Cohen's d = 1.50) and higher scores on the Becoming‐a‐Mother Scale in the intervention group compared with the control group (intergroup difference 13.04 points; 95% confidence interval: 8.72–17.34). Participants in the intervention group demonstrated higher scores in functional social support, perceived maternal self‐efficacy, and mother–infant bond. This study provides evidence for the efficacy of an innovative nursing intervention that supports the process of becoming a mother. Further testing of the intervention is required in different settings and first‐time mothers of low and high risk newborns.
Diagnostic Performance of the 4-Item Geriatric Depression Scale for Depression Screening in Older Patients with Cancer: The ELCAPA Cohort Study
Authors: Lafont Charlotte , Chah Wakilian Anne , Lemogne Cédric , Gouraud Clément , Fossey-Diaz Virginie , Orvoen Galdric , Lhuillier Nathalie , Paillaud Elena , Bastuji-Garin Sylvie , Zebachi Sonia , Hanon Olivier , Goldwasser François , Boudou-Rouquette Pascaline , Canouï-Poitrine Florence 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn older patients with cancer, depression is difficult to assess because of its heterogeneous clinical expression. The 4-item version of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-4) is quick and easy to administer but has not been validated in this population. The present study was designed to test the diagnostic performance of the GDS-4 in a French cohort of older patients with cancer before treatment.Materials and MethodsOur cross-sectional analysis of data from the Elderly Cancer Patient cohort covered all patients with cancer aged ≥70 years and referred for geriatric assessment at two centers in France between 2007 and 2018. The GDS-4’s psychometric properties were evaluated against three different measures of depression: the geriatrician's clinical diagnosis (based on a semistructured interview), the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, and a cluster analysis. The scale's sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) were calculated.ResultsIn a sample of 2,293 patients (median age, 81 years; women, 46%), the GDS-4’s sensitivity and specificity for detecting physician-diagnosed depression were, respectively, 90% and 89%. The positive and negative likelihood ratios were 8.2 and 0.11, and the AUROC was 92%. When considering the subset of patients with data on all measures of depression, the sensitivity and specificity values were, respectively, ≥90% and ≥72%, the positive and negative likelihood ratios were, respectively, ≥3.4 and ≤ 0.11, and the AUROC was ≥91%.ConclusionThe GDS-4 appears to be a clinically relevant, easy-to-use tool for routine depression screening in older patients with cancer.Implications for PracticeConsidering the overlap between symptoms of cancer and symptoms of depression, depression is particularly difficult to assess in older geriatric oncology and is associated with poor outcomes; there is a need for a routine psychological screening. Self-report instruments like the 4-item version of the Geriatric Depression Scale appears to be a clinically relevant, easy-to-use tool for routine depression screening in older patients with cancer. Asking four questions might enable physicians to screen older patients with cancer for depression and then guide them toward further clinical evaluation and appropriate care if required.
Disparities in Cancer Care and the Asian American Population
Authors: Lee Richard J. , Madan Ravi A. , Kim Jayoung , Posadas Edwin M. , Yu Evan Y. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Asian Americans are the only racial/ethnic group in the U.S. for whom cancer is the leading cause of death in men and women, unlike heart disease for all other groups. Asian Americans face a confluence of cancer risks, with high rates of cancers endemic to their countries of origin due to infectious and cultural reasons, as well as increasing rates of “Western” cancers that are due in part to assimilation to the American diet and lifestyle. Despite the clear mortality risk, Asian Americans are screened for cancers at lower rates than the majority of Americans. Solutions to eliminate the disparity in cancer care are complicated by language and cultural concerns of this very heterogeneous group. This review addresses the disparities in cancer screening, the historical causes, the potential contribution of racism, the importance of cultural perceptions of health care, and potential strategies to address a very complicated problem. Noting that the health care disparities faced by Asian Americans may be less conspicuous than the structural racism that has inflicted significant damage to the health of Black Americans over more than four centuries, this review is meant to raise awareness and to compel the medical establishment to recognize the urgent need to eliminate health disparities for all.

Implications for Practice
Cancer is the leading cause of death in Asian Americans, who face cancers endemic to their native countries, perhaps because of infectious and cultural factors, as well as those faced by all Americans, perhaps because of “Westernization” in terms of diet and lifestyle. Despite the mortality rates, Asian Americans have less cancer screening than other Americans. This review highlights the need to educate Asian Americans to improve cancer literacy and health care providers to understand the important cancer risks of the fastest-growing racial/ethnic group in the U.S. Eliminating disparities is critical to achieving an equitable society for all Americans.
Lifestyle modification program, LIFE is LIGHT, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity: Results from a 48‐week, multicenter, non‐randomized, parallel‐group, open‐label study
Authors: Galstyan Gagik R. , Valeeva Farida V. , Motkova Svetlana I. , Surkova Elena V. , Savelyeva Larisa V. , Rudina Larisa M. , Ramanathan Krishnan , Sokareva Ekaterina , Bondareva Kristina , Shestakova Marina V. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundObesity is a potential risk factor for development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). To achieve long‐term weight reduction in patients with T2DM and obesity using comprehensive lifestyle management program (LMP).Materials and methodsThis 48‐week interventional, multicenter, parallel‐group, open‐label study included patients aged ≥18 years with T2DM and a body mass index (BMI) of 27–40 kg/m2. The primary objective was to demonstrate a clinically significant weight reduction (≥5%) from baseline in intensive lifestyle modification (ILM) and standard treatment (ST) groups.ResultsThe ILM group (N = 100) received recommendations for dietary and physical activity, and behavioral counseling. The ST group (N = 30) was managed in accordance with routine T2DM clinical practice. The patients in ST group were older (60.6 ± 8.9 vs. 54.6 ± 10.2 years in ILM group); overall more than 60% were women. At Week 48, the mean reduction in body weight was 5.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]: −6.9, −4.6) and 1.2% (95% CI: −2.6, 0.2) (p < 0.001) in the ILM and ST group, respectively. At Week 48, a weight loss of ≥5% was achieved by 50% of patients in the ILM group versus 13.3% in the ST group (p = 0.002). The decreases in BMI, waist‐to‐hip ratio and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was significantly greater in the ILM versus ST group with between‐group differences of −1.63 (p ≤ 0.001), −0.03 (р ≤ 0.001) and −0.69% (p = 0.002), respectively.ConclusionA clinically significant weight reduction (≥5%) was demonstrated in patients with obesity and T2DM with use of a comprehensive LMP, along with improvements in BMI, waist‐to‐hip ratio, and HbA1c.
Phase 1 study to access safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of kynurenine in healthy volunteers
Authors: Al‐Karagholi Mohammad Al‐Mahdi , Hansen Jakob Møller , Abou‐Kassem Dalia , Hansted Anna Koldbro , Ubhayasekera Kumari , Bergquist Jonas , Vécsei László , Jansen‐Olesen Inger , Ashina Messoud 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe kynurenine pathway (KP) is the main path for tryptophan metabolism, and it represents a multitude of potential sites for drug discovery in neuroscience, including pain, stroke, and epilepsy. L‐kynurenine (LKYN), the first active metabolite in the pathway, emerges to be a prodrug targeting glutamate receptors. The safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of LKYN in humans have not been previously investigated. In an open‐label, single ascending dose study, six participants received an intravenous infusion of 50, 100, and 150 µg/kg LKYN and new six participants received an intravenous infusion of 0.3, 0.5, 1, and 5 mg/kg LKYN. To compare the pharmacological effects between species, we investigated in vivo the vascular effects of LKYN in rats. In humans, LKYN was safe and well‐tolerated at all dose levels examined. After infusion, LKYN plasma concentration increased significantly over time 3.23 ± 1.12 µg/mL (after 50 µg/kg), 4.04 ± 1.1 µg/mL (after 100 µg/kg), and 5.25 ± 1.01 µg/mL (after 150 µg/kg) (p ≤ 0.001). We observed no vascular changes after infusion compared with baseline. In rats, LKYN had no effect on HR and MAP and caused no dilation of dural and pial arteries. This first‐in‐human study of LKYN showed that LKYN was safe and well‐tolerated after intravenous infusion up to 5 mg/kg over 20 minutes. The lack of change in LKYN metabolites in plasma suggests a relatively slow metabolism of LKYN and no or little feed‐back effect of LKYN on its synthesis. The therapeutic potential of LKYN in stroke and epilepsy should be explored in future studies in humans.
Efficient pesticide formulation and regulation mechanism for improving the deposition of droplets on the leaves of rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Zheng Li , Cao Chong , Chen Zhuo , Cao Lidong , Huang Qiliang , Song Baoan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe effective deposition of pesticide droplets on the target leaf surface is critical for improving the utilization of pesticides. We proposed a new way to enhance the droplet deposition on the target leaf surface by changing the properties of pesticide formulation, and this formulation can be sprayed directly or at a low dilution. In addition, it is a simple method to select a suitable concentration and formulation by evaluating the interfacial dilational rheological properties of pesticide droplets.RESULTSThe wetting behavior of two types of pesticide formulations prepared by oil‐based solvent on the rice leaf surface was investigated based on the surface free energy, surface tension, contact angle, adhesion tension, and adhesion work. The interfacial dilational rheological properties of different pesticide solutions were measured as a function of concentration. This study clearly demonstrates the fact that water‐in‐oil emulsion has a better wettability than oil‐in‐water emulsion, especially with the increase of the concentration of the solution, the droplets can be wetted and spread faster on the leaves. Compared with vegetable oil (methyl oleate), mineral oil (solvent oil No. 200) has smaller dilational modulus and surface tension, showing excellent wetting properties.CONCLUSIONThe water‐in‐oil emulsion prepared with solvent oil No. 200 has the smallest dilational modulus, and the spray droplets spread rapidly to the maximum wetting area on the rice leaves, which can be used in an ultra‐low volume spray. The results provide new insights into how to increase the deposition of droplets on superhydrophobic leaf surfaces by screening formulations and concentrations. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.