bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enterprise Modeling: Practices and Perspectives
Authors: Christensen Lars C. , Johansen Brage W. , Midjo Nils , Onarheim Jan , Syvertsen Tor G. , Totland Terje 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper presents an overview of various approaches to enterprise modeling, illustrated by present and future applications of enterprise modeling technology. A taxonomy derived from different objectives of enterprise modeling is proposed.
Preliminary experiences from a large-scale enterprise modeling and organizational restructuring project are reported. The project was conducted at a natural gas process plant operated by the Norwegian oil company Statoil.
We argue that the potential of enterprise modeling in business process improvements only can be utilized when the methodology is brought to the heads and hands of the inhabitants of the enterprise.
Finally, a coordination environment denoted “the control room metaphor” is presented as a futuristic view of enterprise model development and application.
Constrained Structural Design Databases
Authors: Xirouchakis Paul C. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The technology of constrained databases (CDBs) is employed in the design of structural design databases. To illustrate the application of CDBs in structural design, the following example is considered in some detail: the design of a database for combined stiffener-plate sectional properties.
A major drawback of relational database technology (RDBs) for engineering applications is that constraints cannot be processed within the data model. Another major drawback of the relational data model for engineering applications is that it only can incorporate attributes with discrete value set i.e. it cannot represent effectively variables with a continuous range.
To remedy this situation, we propose the use of CDBs which are extended RDBs (so that they retain the advantages of RDBs) that can process arithmetic constraints in both relations and queries. CDBs can represent infinite point sets through the respective constraints on variables with a continuous range.
We provide the database schema specification and specification for a number of typical queries for the example problem of combined stiffener-plate sectional properties database. We also specify constraints in the data models that model structural stability and manufacturing constraints.
Performance Analysis in Football-Specific Tests by Para-Footballers With Cerebral Palsy: Implications for Evidence-Based Classification
Authors: Yanci Javier , Castillo Daniel , Iturricastillo Aitor , Aracama Astrid , Roldan Alba , Reina Raúl 
Published: March 2021

Purpose: The objectives of this study were to analyze whether there were differences among para-footballers with different types and degrees of brain impairment (ie, bilateral spasticity, athetosis/ataxia, unilateral spasticity, minimum impairment criteria, or no impairment) in performing 3 football-specific tests requiring ball dribbling, to analyze whether there was an association among the results obtained in the 3 tests, and to determine whether the performance in the tests was associated with competitive level, level of training, or years’ experience in para-footballers with cerebral palsy (CP). Methods: A total of 123 footballers took part in the study, 87 of whom were footballers with CP and 36 who were without impairment. Both groups were assessed in 3 football-specific tests (Stop and Go, Turning and Dribbling, and the Illinois Agility Test). Results: The results showed that the footballers without impairment recorded a better performance in all tests (P < .01) in comparison with the CP players. No significant differences in test performance were observed among the CP players from different competitive levels. However, significant differences (P < .01) were observed between players with diplegia or athetosis/ataxia compared with players with hemiplegia or minimum impairment level. Performance in the tests did not correlate with years of football experience, weekly strength training sessions, or specific football training in the footballers with CP (P = .12–.95). Conclusions: These findings suggest the possible inclusion of these tests in the classification process for footballers with CP because they discriminate among functional classes and are resistant to training and competitive level.
Not All About the Effort? A Comparison of Playing Intensities During Winning and Losing Game Quarters in Basketball
Authors: Fox Jordan L. , Green Jesse , Scanlan Aaron T. 
Published: March 2021

Purpose: To compare peak and average intensities encountered during winning and losing game quarters in basketball players. Methods: Eight semiprofessional male basketball players (age = 23.1 [3.8] y) were monitored during all games (N = 18) over 1 competitive season. The average intensities attained in each quarter were determined using microsensors and heart-rate monitors to derive relative values (per minute) for the following variables: PlayerLoad, frequency of high-intensity and total accelerations, decelerations, changes of direction, jumps, and total inertial movement analysis events combined, as well as modified summated-heart-rate-zones workload. The peak intensities reached in each quarter were determined using microsensors and reported as PlayerLoad per minute over 15-second, 30-second, 1-minute, 2-minute, 3-minute, 4-minute, and 5-minute sample durations. Linear mixed models and effect sizes were used to compare intensity variables between winning and losing game quarters. Results: Nonsignificant (P > .05), unclear–small differences were evident between winning and losing game quarters in all variables. Conclusions: During winning and losing game quarters, peak and average intensities were similar. Consequently, factors other than the intensity of effort applied during games may underpin team success in individual game quarters and therefore warrant further investigation.
Volcanic carbon cycling in East Lake, Newberry Volcano, Oregon, USA
Authors: Brumberg H.D. , Capece L. , Cauley C.N. , Tartell P. , Smith C. , Wagner M.S. , Varekamp J.C. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The carbon cycle in East Lake (Newberry Volcano, Oregon, USA) is fueled by volcanic CO2 inputs with traces of Hg and H2S. The CO2 dissolves in deep lake waters and is removed in shallow waters through largely diffusive surface degassing and photosynthesis. Escaping gas and photosynthate have low δ13C values, leading to δ13C(DIC) (DIC—dissolved inorganic carbon) as high as +5.7‰ in surface waters, well above the common global lake range. A steep δ13C depth gradient is further established by respiration and absorption of light volcanic CO2 in bottom waters. The seasonal CO2 degassing starts at &gt;100 t CO2/day after ice melting in the spring and declines to ∼40 t/day in late summer, degassing ∼11,700 t CO2/yr. Thus, volcano monitoring through gas fluxes from crater lakes should consider lacustrine processes that modulate the volcanic gas output over time. The flux contribution of a bubbling CO2 “hotspot” increased from 20% to &gt;90% of the lake-wide CO2 flux from 2015 to 2019 CE, followed by a “toxic gas alert” in July 2020. East Lake is an active volcanic lake with a “geogenic” ecosystem driven primarily by hydrothermal inputs.
Association of Epicardial Fat Volume With Increased Risk of Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease in Chinese Patients With Suspected Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Yu Wenji , Liu Bao , Zhang Feifei , Wang Jianfeng , Shao Xiaoliang , Yang Xiaoyu , Shi Yunmei , Wang Bing , Xu Yiduo , Wang Yuetao 
Published: March 2021

Background
Epicardial adipose tissue may be associated with the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD), but its effect on obstructive CAD risk is uncertain. Therefore, we aimed to examine the relationship between epicardial adipose tissue and obstructive CAD in Chinese patients with suspected CAD.

Methods and Results

The present study enrolled 194 consecutive inpatients with suspected CAD who underwent both noncontrast computed tomography and coronary angiography. We measured epicardial fat volume (EFV) and evaluated its association with obstructive CAD, which was defined as coronary stenosis severity ≥70%. Overall, 44.3% patients had obstructive CAD and tend to have higher EFV. Age, body mass index, triglycerides, incidence of hypertension, and hyperlipidemia were higher across tertiles of EFV (
P
for trend <0.05). In univariate regression analysis, a per‐SD increase in EFV was independently associated with obstructive CAD (odds ratio [OR], 2.31; 95% CI, 1.61–3.32;
P
<0.001). Consistent with these findings, EFV was still significantly related to obstructive CAD as continuous variable after adjustment for all traditional risk factors and coronary artery calcium (OR per SD, 2.82; 95% CI, 1.68–4.74;
P
<0.001). Generalized additive model indicated that EFV was linearly associated with risk of obstructive CAD.
E
‐value analysis suggested robustness to unmeasured confounding.

Conclusions
Our results suggested that in Chinese patients with suspected CAD, EFV was significantly and positively associated with the risk of obstructive CAD, independent of traditional risk factors and coronary artery calcium.
Novel Acoustic Biomarker of Quality of Life in Left Ventricular Assist Device Recipients
Authors: Mainsah Boyla O. , Patel Priyesh A. , Chen Xinlin J. , Olsen Cameron , Collins Leslie M. , Karra Ravi 
Published: March 2021

Background
Although technological advances to pump design have improved survival, left ventricular assist device (LVAD) recipients experience variable improvements in quality of life. Methods for optimizing LVAD support to improve quality of life are needed. We investigated whether acoustic signatures obtained from digital stethoscopes can predict patient‐centered outcomes in LVAD recipients.

Methods and Results

We followed precordial sounds over 6 months in 24 LVAD recipients (8 HeartWare HVAD™, 16 HeartMate 3 [HM3]). Subjects recorded their precordial sounds with a digital stethoscope and completed a Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire weekly. We developed a novel algorithm to filter LVAD sounds from recordings. Unsupervised clustering of LVAD‐mitigated sounds revealed distinct groups of acoustic features. Of 16 HM3 recipients, 6 (38%) had a unique acoustic feature that we have termed the pulse synchronized sound based on its temporal association with the artificial pulse of the HM3. HM3 recipients with the pulse synchronized sound had significantly better Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire scores at baseline (median, 89.1 [interquartile range, 86.2–90.4] versus 66.1 [interquartile range, 31.1–73.7];
P
=0.03) and over the 6‐month study period (marginal mean, 77.6 [95% CI, 66.3–88.9] versus 59.9 [95% CI, 47.9–70.0];
P
<0.001). Mechanistically, the pulse synchronized sound shares acoustic features with patient‐derived intrinsic sounds. Finally, we developed a machine learning algorithm to automatically detect the pulse synchronized sound within precordial sounds (area under the curve, 0.95, leave‐one‐subject‐out cross‐validation).

Conclusions
We have identified a novel acoustic biomarker associated with better quality of life in HM3 LVAD recipients, which may provide a method for assaying optimized LVAD support.
Cardiotoxic Effect of Modern Anthracycline Dosing on Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Placebo Arms From Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Jeyaprakash Prajith , Sangha Sukhmandeep , Ellenberger Katherine , Sivapathan Shanthosh , Pathan Faraz , Negishi Kazuaki 
Published: March 2021

Background
Anthracyclines are a key chemotherapeutic agent used against hematological and solid organ malignancies. However, their benefits in cancer survival are limited by cumulative, dose‐related cardiotoxicity. The impact of anthracyclines on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), in the era of modern chemotherapy regimens, remains unclear.

Methods and Results

Three databases (CENTRAL, MEDLINE, and SCOPUS) were systematically searched for randomized trials evaluating cardioprotective agents against placebo, in preventing cardiotoxicity. Echocardiography or magnetic resonance measured LVEF pre‐ and post‐anthracycline‐based chemotherapy was abstracted from placebo trial arms. The key terms included “anthracycline,” “cardiotoxicity” and “randomized.” A doxorubicin equivalent anthracycline dose metric was calculated to compare different anthracyclines. A random‐effects model was used to pool mean difference in LVEF after anthracycline. Meta‐regressions were calculated to identify variation sources. We included 660 patients from 19 trials. The weighted mean baseline LVEF across studies was 62.6%, and follow‐up LVEF assessment was performed at 6 months. The pooled mean decline in LVEF among placebo arms was 5.4% (95% CI, 3.5%–7.3%) with a doxorubicin equivalent anthracycline dose of 385 mg/m
2
. Meta‐regression analysis showed no significant difference in LVEF against doxorubicin equivalent anthracycline dose as continuous (
P
=0.29) or against published cut‐offs for cardiotoxicity (250 mg/m
2
,
P
=0.21; 360 mg/m
2
,
P
=0.40; and 400 mg/m
2
,
P
=0.66). The differences in mean LVEF were not associated with sex, adjunct chemotherapy, or cancer type.

Conclusions
The magnitude of LVEF impairment post‐anthracycline therapy appears less than previously described with modern dosing regimens. This may improve the accuracy of power calculation for future clinical trials assessing the role of cardioprotective therapy.
Distinct Hippocampal Subfields Atrophy in Older People With Vascular Brain Injuries
Authors: Pin Grégoire , Coupé Pierrick , Nadal Louis , Manjon Jose V. , Helmer Catherine , Amieva Hélène , Mazoyer Bernard , Dartigues Jean-François , Catheline Gwénaëlle , Planche Vincent 
Published: March 2021

Background and Purpose:
Many neurological or psychiatric diseases affect the hippocampus during aging. The study of hippocampal regional vulnerability may provide important insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these processes; however, little is known about the specific impact of vascular brain damage on hippocampal subfields atrophy.

Methods:
To analyze the effect of vascular injuries independently of other pathological conditions, we studied a population-based cohort of nondemented older adults, after the exclusion of people who were diagnosed with neurodegenerative diseases during the 14-year clinical follow-up period. Using an automated segmentation pipeline, 1.5T-magnetic resonance imaging at inclusion and 4 years later were assessed to measure both white matter hyperintensities and hippocampal subfields volume. Annualized rates of white matter hyperintensity progression and annualized rates of hippocampal subfields atrophy were then estimated in each participant.

Results:

We included 249 participants in our analyses (58% women, mean age 71.8, median Mini-Mental State Evaluation 29). The volume of the subiculum at baseline was the only hippocampal subfield volume associated with total, deep/subcortical, and periventricular white matter hyperintensity volumes, independently of demographic variables and vascular risk factors (β=−0.17,
P
=0.011; β=−0.25,
P
=0.020 and β=−0.14,
P
=0.029, respectively). In longitudinal measures, the annualized rate of subiculum atrophy was significantly higher in people with the highest rate of deep/subcortical white matter hyperintensity progression, independently of confounding factors (β=−0.32,
P
=0.014).

Conclusions:
These cross-sectional and longitudinal findings highlight the links between vascular brain injuries and a differential vulnerability of the subiculum within the hippocampal loop, unbiased of the effect of neurodegenerative diseases, and particularly when vascular injuries affect deep/subcortical structures.
Laryngeal Manifestations of Crohn’s Disease in a Toddler with Very Early Onset-IBD
Authors: Schonman Ian A. , Sehgal Sona , Javia Luv R. , Bauman Nancy M. 
Published: March 2021

Objectives: We report obstructing laryngeal manifestations of Crohn’s disease in a toddler with very early onset-IBD (VEO-IBD) who required tracheotomy tube placement at 27 months of age for relief of recalcitrant airway obstruction unresponsive to maximal medical therapy. We review the literature for the frequency of extra-intestinal laryngeal manifestations of Crohn’s disease in adults and children. Methods: Case report and literature review of laryngeal manifestations of Crohn’s disease. Results: Laryngeal involvement of Crohn’s disease is very rare with only 14 other cases reported. Most cases appear in adults, with the supraglottis most commonly affected. This case marks the youngest report and only the second report of a patient requiring a tracheotomy for supraglottic obstruction when intensive medical management, including use of steroids and biologics, failed to relieve obstructing laryngeal inflammation. Despite ongoing Crohn’s disease, laryngeal manifestations improved permitting decannulation the following year. Conclusions: Laryngeal manifestations of Crohn’s disease are rare and usually affect adults. Most cases are managed with medical therapy, however surgical excision of obstructing lesions or tracheotomy placement is sometimes required for temporary relief of airway obstruction.
Evaluating Effective Connectivity of Trust in Human–Automation Interaction: A Dynamic Causal Modeling (DCM) Study
Authors: Huang Jiali , Choo Sanghyun , Pugh Zachary H. , Nam Chang S. 
Published: March 2021

Objective Using dynamic causal modeling (DCM), we examined how credibility and reliability affected the way brain regions exert causal influence over each other—effective connectivity (EC)—in the context of trust in automation. Background Multiple brain regions of the central executive network (CEN) and default mode network (DMN) have been implicated in trust judgment. However, the neural correlates of trust judgment are still relatively unexplored in terms of the directed information flow between brain regions. Method Sixteen participants observed the performance of four computer algorithms, which differed in credibility and reliability, of the system monitoring subtask of the Air Force Multi-Attribute Task Battery (AF-MATB). Using six brain regions of the CEN and DMN commonly identified to be activated in human trust, a total of 30 (forward, backward, and lateral) connection models were developed. Bayesian model averaging (BMA) was used to quantify the connectivity strength among the brain regions. Results Relative to the high trust condition, low trust showed unique presence of specific connections, greater connectivity strengths from the prefrontal cortex, and greater network complexity. High trust condition showed no backward connections. Conclusion Results indicated that trust and distrust can be two distinctive neural processes in human–automation interaction—distrust being a more complex network than trust, possibly due to the increased cognitive load. Application The causal architecture of distributed brain regions inferred using DCM can help not only in the design of a balanced human–automation interface design but also in the proper use of automation in real-life situations.
Exploration of the technocratic mentality among European civil servants
Authors: Raudla Ringa , Douglas James W. , Mohr Zachary 
Published: March 2021

Civil servants vary in the degree to which they hold technocratic attitudes. We explore whether bureaucrats’ exposure to politics and politicians is associated with the depoliticization dimension of the technocratic mentality. We use survey data of high-level executives in 19 European countries to explore factors that are associated with executives’ perceptions that removing issues and activities from the realms of politics leads to more farsighted policies. We find that respondents’ level of exposure to politics and politicians is indeed negatively associated with technocratic mentality. Bureaucrats have studied political science or public administration, work closer to politicians (in terms of type of organization), interact with them more frequently, and have more positive perceptions of these interactions tend to have lower levels of technocratic attitudes. Points for practitioners Beliefs affect behaviors and behaviors affect outcomes. Technocratic attitudes may limit the ability of civil servants to work effectively with politicians. We show that educational degrees that promote democratic values and exposure to politicians (particularly positive interactions) are associated with lower levels of technocratic attitudes. Given that a proper balance between political and technical knowledge can enhance organizational performance (Krause et al., 2006), these findings should be taken into account when staffing and structuring public organizations.
Modifiable Risk Factors and Change in Cognition of Māori and Non-Māori in Advanced Age: LiLACS NZ
Authors: Zawaly Kristina , Moyes Simon A. , Buetow Stephen , Tippett Lynette , Kerse Ngaire 
Published: March 2021

Objective: This study investigated whether previously identified modifiable risk factors for dementia were associated with cognitive change in Māori (indigenous people of New Zealand) and non-Māori octogenarians of LiLACS NZ (Life and Living in Advanced Age; a Cohort Study in New Zealand), a longitudinal study. Method: Multivariable repeated-measure mixed effect regression models were used to assess the association between modifiable risk factors and sociodemographic variables at baseline, and cognitive change over 6 years, with p values of <.05 regarded as statistically significant. Results: Modifiable factors associated with cognitive change differed between ethnic groups. Depression was a negative factor in Māori only, secondary education in non-Māori was protective, and obesity predicted better cognition over time for Māori. Diabetes was associated with decreased cognition for both Māori and non-Māori. Conclusion: Our results begin to address gaps in the literature and increase understanding of disparities in dementia risk by ethnicity. These findings have implications for evaluating the type and application of culturally appropriate methods to improve cognition.
Effectiveness of Lifestyle Interventions in an Active Duty Air Force Population
Authors: Armitage Nicole H. , Kramer M. Kaye , Nelson Mary S. , Hopkins DawnKimberly , Langeslay Ruby , Thornton Jennifer A. 
Published: March 2021

Purpose: To examine the effectiveness of 3 lifestyle intervention programs in an active duty military population. Design: Experimental design with stratified random assignment to 1 of 3 intervention groups. Measures were taken at baseline, 3 months and 6 months. Setting: A Military Treatment Facility in the western U.S. Subjects/Intervention: 122 active duty service members were enrolled and randomly assigned to 1 of 3 lifestyle intervention programs: the Diabetes Prevention Program-Group Lifestyle Balance (DPP-GLB), the Better Body Better Life (BBBL) program or the Fitness Improvement Program (FIP). Measures: weight, abdominal circumference, lipid and HbA1c levels, physical activity, and well-being as measured by the RAND SF-36 questionnaire. Analysis: Statistical analyses were performed to assess changes over time. Results: 83 participants completed the study (BBBL N = 23, FIP N = 30, DPP-GLB N = 30). The DPP-GLB participants had statistically significant decreases in weight (-3.1 pounds, p = .01) and abdominal circumference (-0.9 inches; p = .01) over time. HbA1c was also significantly lower in this group at 6 months compared to baseline ( p = .036). There were no statistically significant changes in weight, abdominal circumference, or HbA1c in the FIP or BBBL groups. No significant changes were observed in lipids in any of the groups. Conclusion: Results from this study indicate that the DPP-GLB program may be effective in reducing weight, abdominal circumference, and HbA1c in an active duty U.S. military population.