bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INZ-701 Prevents Ectopic Tissue Calcification and Restores Bone Architecture and Growth in ENPP1-Deficient Mice
Authors: Cheng Zhiliang , O'Brien Kevin , Howe Jennifer , Sullivan Caitlin , Schrier Denis , Lynch Angela , Jungles Steven , Sabbagh Yves , Thompson David 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTEctonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) is the major enzyme that cleaves extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to generate pyrophosphate (PPi), an inorganic metabolite with potent anticalcification activity. Loss-of-function mutations cause hypopyrophosphatemia and lead to a state of ENPP1 deficiency, which has an acute infantile phase known as generalized arterial calcification of infancy (GACI) and a pediatric to adult phase known as autosomal-recessive hypophosphatemic rickets type 2 (ARHR2). ENPP1 deficiency manifests as ectopic calcification of multiple tissues, neointimal proliferation, premature mortality, impaired growth, and bone deformities. INZ-701, a human ENPP1-Fc protein, is in clinical development as an enzyme replacement therapy for the treatment of ENPP1 deficiency. The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile and therapeutic effect of INZ-701 were investigated in Enpp1asj/asj mice, a murine model of ENPP1 deficiency. Enpp1asj/asj mice have undetectable plasma PPi, lower plasma phosphate, and higher FGF23 levels compared with wild-type (WT) mice. Enpp1asj/asj mice on the acceleration diet, containing high phosphate and low magnesium, quickly develop clinical signs, including dehydration, rough hair coat, pinned ears, stiffed legs, and hunched back. Enpp1asj/asj mice treated with vehicle had aforementioned clinical signs plus severe ectopic calcification in multiple tissues and bone defects, characteristics of the clinical phenotype observed in GACI and ARHR2 patients. Our results showed a durable PPi response for more than 3 days after a single dose of INZ-701. Treatment of ENPP1-deficient mice every other day with INZ-701 for 8 weeks restored circulating levels of PPi, prevented pathological calcification in all the tested organs, restored growth parameters, corrected bone defects, improved clinical signs, and decreased mortality in Enpp1asj/asj mice, demonstrating the potential of INZ-701 to treat ENPP1 deficiency. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Editorial Peer Reviewers as Shepherds, Rather Than Gatekeepers
Authors: Boerckel Joel D , Plotkin Lilian I , Sims Natalie A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The journals of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (the Journal of Bone and Mineral Research [JBMR] and its sister journal JBMR Plus) recognize peer review, whether pre- or post-publication, as an essential guard of scientific integrity and rigor that shapes academic discourse in our field. In this Perspective, we present a vision and philosophy of peer review in a rapidly changing publishing landscape. We emphasize the importance of journal peer reviewers as active players in shaping collegial behavior in the musculoskeletal research community and provide information about benefits and resources available for reviewers and reviewers-in-training. Publishing is becoming increasingly transparent, bringing benefits to authors, to reviewers, and to the scientific community at large. We discuss new initiatives such as transparent peer review and preprint servers, the ways they are changing scientific publishing, and how JBMR is responding to broaden the impact of musculoskeletal research. We emphasize the need to change any perception of peer reviewers as gatekeepers to viewing them as shepherds, who partner with authors and editors in the publishing endeavor. Promoting access, transparency, and collegiality in the way we assess science in our community will elevate its quality, clarify its communication, and increase its societal impact. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Retracted: Two new Cd(II) complexes: Luminescent properties and treatment activity on infantile bronchial pneumonia by reducing the over releasing of the inflammatory cytokines
Authors: Chen Mei‐Ling , Wang Wang , Xu Ling , Zhu Jin‐Feng 
Published: April 2021

AbstractReactions of polycarboxylate ligand (2,2′‐H2bpdc or H3OABDC), N‐donor auxiliary ligand (4‐bpmh) with Cd(II) salts under solvothermal conditions resulted in two coordination polymers formulated as [Cd(2,2′‐bpdc)(4‐bpmh)(H2O)]n·n(H2O) (1) and [Cd3(OABDC)2(4‐bpmh)2(H2O)4]n·2n(H2O) (2) (2,2′‐H2bpdc = diphenic acid, H3OABDC = 5‐oxyacetate isophthalic acid, and 4‐bpmh is N,N‐bis‐pyridin‐4‐ylmethylene‐hydrazine). Meanwhile, the investigations of luminescent performances and thermal stabilities suggest that the two compounds are candidate materials for the fluorescent emitting material. The assessment of their application values on the infantile bronchial pneumonia was carried out and their specific mechanism was investigated in the meantime.
Survey of Dental Anesthesiology program directors’ preferences regarding the candidate application and interview process
Authors: Whitmer Thomas , Saraghi Mana , Badner Victor 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPurpose/ObjectivesDental Anesthesiology recently gained specialty recognition in 2019. Program directors’ preferences for candidates applying to this newly recognized specialty are not well known. This study sought to assess these preferences by surveying the program directors of advanced dental education programs in Dental Anesthesiology.Methods and materialsThe survey consisted of eleven questions on candidate qualities, academic application criteria, standardized examinations, shadowing, externships, sedation experience, and interview format.ResultsThe survey achieved a response rate of 100% with all nine program directors completing the survey. The study found that program directors tended to rank integrity, interpersonal/communication skills, assumes responsibility, team player, and reliability among the top five candidate qualities. Program directors tended to rank professional evaluations, institutional evaluations, externship, shadowing (a practicing anesthesiologist), and standardized tests among the top five academic application criteria. Program directors largely preferred differentiating candidates with a standardized examination, such as the Comprehensive Basic Science Examination (CBSE) or the creation of a new examination specific for Dental Anesthesiology application. Program directors largely recommended shadowing and externships but were largely indifferent to a candidate's experience or certification in sedation. All nine program directors opted for virtual interviews in 2020.ConclusionsThe findings of this descriptive, cross‐sectional study may have significant implications for the candidate application and interview process into the field of Dental Anesthesiology.
Challenging dogmas: How transgenerational epigenetics reshapes our views on life
Authors: Wang Harrison D. , Allard Patrick 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe emergence of the field of transgenerational epigenetics inheritance (TEI) has profoundly reshaped our understanding of the relationships between environment, soma, and germ cells as well as of heredity. TEI refers to the changes in chromatin state, gene expression, and/or phenotypes that are transmitted across several generations without involving changes to the DNA sequences. TEI has direct connections with, and feeds from, the fields of molecular biology, genetics, developmental biology, and reproductive biology, among others. However, the expansion of TEI‐related research, has profoundly reshaped boundaries within each field and often led to the erosion of theories and concepts considered as tenets of biology. We first explore how the molecularization of biology has shifted the definition of epigenetics to include the notion of heredity and how epigenetics has refined our understanding of the central dogma of biology. The demonstrated transfer of environmental information from soma to germ cell through extracellular vesicles and subsequent alteration of health outcomes in offspring has put a definite end to the long‐held principle of the Weismann barrier. TEI has also simultaneously led to the revival of the inheritance of acquired characteristics while further eroding the concept of an epigenetic “blank slate” in mammals. Using an historical framework, and via the exploration of central studies in the field, in this perspective article, we will draw a compelling argument for the revolutionary aspect of TEI in biology.
One‐pot rapid synthesis of 4H‐1‐benzopyran derivatives in a deep eutectic solvent
Authors: Xie Zongbo , Li Hongxia , Wang Bo , Wu Zhiwen , Le Zhanggao 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA method for introducing a biologically active heterocycle, 2‐methylquinoline into the 4‐position of a 2‐amino‐4H‐1‐benzopyran skeleton is described. Choline chloride/glucose (1:1 molar ratio) was used as both the solvent and catalyst in the reaction of a salicylaldehyde, methylquinoline, and cyanoacetate to obtain 2‐amino‐4H‐1‐benzopyran derivatives in 48%–80% yields after short reaction times. The effects of the deep eutectic solvent type, substrate molar ratio, cosolvent, temperature, and reaction time were examined. The method has the advantages of simple steps, environmental friendliness, mild conditions, and wide substrate applicability. This is the first attempt to synthesize methylquinoline derivatives of 4H‐1‐benzopyran.
Leptin Supplementation During Lactation Restores Key Liver Metabolite Levels Malprogrammed by Gestational Calorie Restriction
Authors: Yau‐Qiu Zhi Xin , Madrid‐Gambin Francisco , Brennan Lorraine , Palou Andreu , Rodríguez Ana María 
Published: April 2021

IntroductionPerinatal nutritional factors can program offspring metabolic phenotype and risk to obesity. This study investigates the potential role of leptin supplementation (during lactation) in ameliorating the malprogrammed effects caused by mild maternal calorie restriction during gestation, on young rat offspring liver metabolic response.Methods and ResultsUntargeted and targeted metabolomics studies on liver samples are performed by NMR and GC‐MS, respectively. Global DNA methylation and the expression by RT‐PCR of key genes involved in different pathways are also determined. By NMR, 15 liver metabolites are observed to be altered in the offspring of gestational calorie‐restricted dams (CR group), at days 25–27 of life. Physiological leptin supplementation during lactation partially reverted the effect of CR condition for most of these metabolites. Moreover, targeted fatty acid analysis by GC‐MS shows a significant decrease in the hepatic concentration of certain very long‐chain fatty acids (VLCFA) in CR offspring, partially or totally reverted by leptin supplementation. No remarkable changes are found in global DNA methylation or mRNA expression.ConclusionPhysiological leptin supplementation during lactation contributes to the reversion of changes caused by maternal mild calorie restriction on the liver metabolome. This agrees with a putative role of leptin supplementation preventing or reversing metabolic disturbances caused by gestational metabolic malprogramming.
Maternal and Paternal Distress in Early Childhood and Child Adiposity Trajectories: Evidence from the Millennium Cohort Study
Authors: Tommerup Kristiane , Lacey Rebecca E. 
Published: April 2021

ObjectiveThe current study investigated associations between mothers’ and fathers’ distress reported in early childhood (at ages 9 months and 3 years) and childhood adiposity trajectories from ages 5 to 14 years.MethodsLinear mixed‐effects models were undertaken in the Millennium Cohort Study. Self‐reported maternal and paternal distress was measured at ages 9 months and 3 years. BMI and fat mass index (FMI) were modeled from ages 5 to 14 years, adjusting for socioeconomic and child characteristics and stratifying by child sex.ResultsMaternal distress reported at 9 months was associated with steeper increases in BMI and FMI trajectories for girls (BMI: β = 0.06; 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.11; FMI: β = 0.04; 95% CI: 0.00 to 0.08). Paternal distress reported at 9 months was associated with steeper increases in BMI and FMI for both girls (BMI: β = 0.06; 95% CI: 0.00 to 0.12, FMI: β = 0.05; 95% CI: −0.02 to 0.10) and boys (BMI: β = 0.09; 95% CI:  0.03 to 0.15, FMI: β = 0.06; 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.10). Maternal “moderate” distress at 3 years was associated with steeper BMI and FMI trajectories for girls only (BMI: β = 0.08; 95% CI: 0.03 to 0.12, FMI; β = 0.06; 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.10).ConclusionsMaternal and paternal distress experienced in early childhood, particularly during infancy, was associated with steeper adiposity trajectories for children from ages 5 to 14 years.
Weight Can’t Wait: A Guide to Discussing Obesity and Organizing Treatment in the Primary Care Setting
Authors: Gallagher Christine , Corl Amelia , Dietz William H. 
Published: April 2021

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to develop a simple and practical guide for discussing and managing obesity in primary care settings.MethodsThis study convened representatives from 12 primary care and obesity specialty organizations for a series of roundtable meetings to discuss the key components of obesity treatment in primary care. Attendees identified the need for a guide for primary care providers that outlined the key steps for discussing obesity with patients and managing their care while recognizing the significant time constraints on such provider/patient encounters.ResultsPrevailing themes from the roundtable sessions suggested that the key components of addressing obesity in primary care settings are obtaining patient permission, addressing weight bias, providing a diagnosis, and emphasizing shared decision‐making. A modified "6A" framework with the steps “Ask,” “Assess,” “Advise,” “Agree,” “Assist,” and “Arrange” was deemed appropriate to organize the process of weight management in primary care. An algorithm was developed to provide a script for the patient/provider encounter.ConclusionsThe expert panel developed a short, accessible, practical, and informative guide for obesity management by primary care clinicians. Efforts are under way to disseminate the guide to primary care providers through the 11 participating organizations that have endorsed it.
A multi‐state k‐out‐of‐n:F balanced system with a rebalancing mechanism
Authors: Wang Siqi , Zhao Xian , Zuo Ming J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBalanced systems have extensive applications in engineering fields such as new energy storage and aeronautics. The reliability analysis of such systems has been reported in literature. However, most existing studies focus on the binary‐state situation, and research on multi‐state cases and the relevant rebalancing mechanism is still limited. To fill this gap, a multi‐state k‐out‐of‐n:F balanced system with a rebalancing mechanism is studied in this paper. Both components and the system have multiple states, and all the components are required to be working in similar states to ensure that the system operates in a balanced condition. It means that the difference between the maximum and minimum component states should not exceed a threshold. Otherwise, the system is out of balance and should be rebalanced by identifying the components whose states are too high and adjusting them into lower states. A continuous‐time Markov process is used to describe the component operation process and relevant reliability indices are derived accordingly. An age maintenance strategy is also proposed and an optimization model is constructed to obtain the optimal results. Finally, numerical examples based on a product line balancing problem are presented to demonstrate the application of the proposed model.
Deep Learning‐Enabled Label‐Free On‐Chip Detection and Selective Extraction of Cell Aggregate‐Laden Hydrogel Microcapsules
Authors: White Alisa M. , Zhang Yuntian , Shamul James G. , Xu Jiangsheng , Kwizera Elyahb A. , Jiang Bin , He Xiaoming 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMicrofluidic encapsulation of cells/tissues in hydrogel microcapsules has attracted tremendous attention in the burgeoning field of cell‐based medicine. However, when encapsulating rare cells and tissues (e.g., pancreatic islets and ovarian follicles), the majority of the resultant hydrogel microcapsules are empty and should be excluded from the sample. Furthermore, the cell‐laden hydrogel microcapsules are usually suspended in an oil phase after microfluidic generation, while the microencapsulated cells require an aqueous phase for further culture/transplantation and long‐term suspension in oil may compromise the cells/tissues. Thus, real‐time on‐chip selective extraction of cell‐laden hydrogel microcapsules from oil into aqueous phase is crucial to the further use of the microencapsulated cells/tissues. Contemporary extraction methods either require labeling of cells for their identification along with an expensive detection system or have a low extraction purity (<≈30%). Here, a deep learning‐enabled approach for label‐free detection and selective extraction of cell‐laden microcapsules with high efficiency of detection (≈100%) and extraction (≈97%), high purity of extraction (≈90%), and high cell viability (>95%) is reported. The utilization of deep learning to dynamically analyze images in real time for label‐free detection and on‐chip selective extraction of cell‐laden hydrogel microcapsules is unique and may be valuable to advance the emerging cell‐based medicine.
Scalable Manufacture of High‐Performance Battery Electrodes Enabled by a Template‐Free Method
Authors: Xiong Ruoyu , Zhang Yun , Wang Yunming , Song Lan , Li Maoyuan , Yang Hui , Huang Zhigao , Li Dequn , Zhou Huamin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIon transport kinetics is identified as the major challenge of thick electrode design for high‐energy‐density lithium‐ion batteries. The introduction of vertically‐oriented structure pores, which provide fast transport pathways for Li+, can maximize the rate‐performance of electrodes while holding a high energy density. To overcome the harsh manufacturing requirements of traditional template‐based methods for the oriented‐pore electrodes, a template‐free strategy is developed to meet the large‐scale fabrication demand, in which controllable oriented microchannels are facilely constructed by vertically aggregated bubbles generated from thermal decomposition. The proposed method is demonstrated to be applicable for different active materials and compatible with industrial roll‐to‐roll manufacturing. The oriented‐pore electrodes exhibit a seven times higher capacity at 5C rate and show double the power density relative to the state of the art while maintaining a high level of energy density. The balance between the ion transport kinetics through the channels and in the matrix manifests an optimal design of the electrode structures, enabling the desired superior performance of the electrodes toward practical applications.
Assessment of the potentially toxic element contamination in water of Şehriban Stream (Black Sea Region, Turkey) by using statistical and ecological indicators
Authors: Tokatli Cem , Mutlu Ekrem , Arslan Naime 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn the present study, the spatial–temporal variations of iron, lead, copper, cadmium, mercury, nickel, and zinc accumulations in the water of Şehriban Stream (northern Turkey) were investigated. Water Quality Index (WQI), Heavy Metal Evaluation Index (HEI), Pearson Correlation Index (PCI), and Factor Analysis (FA) were used in analyzing the water quality. Sampling was performed in 12 stations on monthly basis between February 2019 and January 2020 (a hydrological year). The data showed that the Şehriban Stream had significantly high water quality characteristics and the investigated toxicants were not found as dangerous for health. Although there was a slight decrease in the water quality from upstream to downstream, the stream was found to have 1st class water quality in general. As a result of WQI and HEI, although it was determined that the water quality decreased slightly in autumn, the stream was found to be “A Grade – Excellent (<50)” and “Low Contamination (<10),” respectively. As a result of PCI, strong positive correlations were found between almost all the toxicants investigated here (p < 0.01). As a result of FA, 2 factors (“Agriculture – Forestry” and “Rock Structure”) explained 86% of the total variance.
Finite element treatment for nanofluids flow within enclosures filled with hydrodynamically and thermally anisotropic porous media: Impacts of sinusoidal heating
Authors: Ahmed Sameh E. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe local thermal non‐equilibrium model (LTNEM) in case of a sinusoidal heating is applied to investigate the unsteady nanofluid flow and thermal fields inside an inclined enclosure filled with a thermally and hydrodynamically anisotropic porous medium. The Galerkin finite element method (GFEM) together with the Characteristic‐based Split (CBS) Scheme is used to solve the dimensionless governing equations. Impacts of the controlling parameters are studied in two cases, namely, non‐Darcy Regime in which values of the Darcy number and the Rayleigh number are, respectively, and the Darcy regime where . Parametric studies are performed for wide ranges of the permeability ratio , the Nield number , the inclination angle , the nanoparticles volume fraction , the inclination of the principal axes , the amplitude ratio and the phase deviation . The main outcomes revealed that the sinusoidal heating results in multicellular flow components inside the geometry. Also, the increase in the Nield number causes that the system converts from the LTNE state to local thermal equilibrium (LTE) state. For the non‐Darcy regime, the convective process and the rate of the heat transfer are augmented as the inclination of the principal axes is increased.
The asymptotic profile of solutions to damped Euler equations
Authors: Xu Dongsheng , Yang Xiongfeng 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the asymptotic behavior of solution to the damped Euler equation far away from vacuum. First of all, the global existence together with the decay rate of the solution and its derivatives are derived by the standard energy method. The decay rates of the solution operator are further improved by Green function method. Finally, the solution of damped Euler equation is confirmed to converge its best asymptotic profile when the initial data is in a certain weighted function space, which establishes the upper and lower bounds of the decay rate to the solution of the damped Euler equation. Here, we provide a new way to check the optimal decay rate of the solutions to the damped Euler equation when the initial data is set in L1, which also could be applied to some other diffusive evolution system.
Stability near equilibrium to the full compressible magnetohydrodynamic equations
Authors: Dan Yuanyuan , Zhai Xiaoping , Chen Fei , Li Yongsheng 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we consider the stability near equilibrium to the full compressible magnetohydrodynamic equations on the torus . We prove the global regular solutions converge to equilibrium with an exponential rate provided that the magnetic B is bounded, the density ρ and the temperature θ are bounded above and away from zero.