bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parallel and non-parallel divergence within polymorphic populations of brook stickleback,Culaea inconstans(Actinopterygii: Gasterosteidae)
Authors: Willerth Kaitlyn , Franks Emily , Mee Jonathan A 
Published: August 2021

AbstractStudying parallel evolution allows us to draw conclusions about the repeatability of adaptive evolution. Whereas populations likely experience similar selective pressures in similar environments, it is not clear if this will always result in parallel divergence of ecologically relevant traits. Our study investigates the extent of parallelism associated with the evolution of pelvic spine reduction in brook stickleback populations. We find that populations with parallel divergence in pelvic spine morphology do not exhibit parallel divergence in head and body morphology but do exhibit parallel divergence in diet. In addition, we compare these patterns associated with pelvic reduction in brook stickleback to well-studied patterns of divergence between spined and unspined threespine stickleback. Whereas spine reduction is associated with littoral habitats and a benthic diet in threespine stickleback, spine reduction in brook stickleback is associated with a planktonic diet. Hence, we find that pelvic spine divergence is associated with largely non-parallel ecological consequences across species.
A Paradigm Shift to Align Transmission Routes With Mechanisms
Authors: Marr Linsey C , Tang Julian W 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCurrent infection-control guidelines subscribe to a contact/droplet/airborne paradigm that is based on outdated understanding. Here, we propose to modify and align existing guidelines with a more accurate description of the different transmission routes. This will improve the effectiveness of control measures as more transmissible variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerge.
Community of Bark and Ambrosia Beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae) Infesting Brazilian Peppertree Treated With Herbicide and the Volatile Tree Response
Authors: Wheeler Gregory S , Kendra Paul E , David Aaron S , Lake Ellen C , Sigmon Joseph W , Palacios Jean , Donlan Ellen M 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBrazilian peppertree, Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi (Anacardiaceae), is one of the most invasive weeds of natural and agricultural areas of Florida, Hawaii, and Texas (USA). Herbicides are the main tool used to manage populations of this weed. Faunal inventories of the insects associated with invasive populations of the weed have mostly listed leaf-feeding phytophagous, pollinator, or predacious species. Among these, bark and ambrosia beetles were collected only once from S. terebinthifolia in the invaded range and there are no reports from the native range. A diverse assemblage of bark and ambrosia beetles, many well-known economic pests of ornamentals, was reared from S. terebinthifolia bolts collected at a restoration site in Florida that had been treated with herbicide (triclopyr ester). A similar collection of beetles was captured on ethanol-baited sticky traps. No beetles emerged from bolts of untreated trees, almost none emerged from those wounded with a machete (3.1% of total), whereas nearly all the beetles collected emerged from bolts that had been treated with herbicide (62.3%) or the combination wounded + herbicide (34.6%). Ethanol was detected from the herbicide and wound + herbicide-treated bolts suggesting this was the attractive kairomone. Abundant amounts of other volatiles were collected from all bolts, especially from the wounded treatment, but no association was detected between volatile emissions and beetle infestation. Further studies are needed to determine whether invasive populations of S. terebinthifolia treated with herbicides constitute reservoirs for pest bark and ambrosia beetles that may spill over onto neighboring ornamental hosts.
A case report of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related steroid-refractory myocarditis and myasthenia gravis-like myositis treated with abatacept and mycophenolate mofetil
Authors: Jespersen Mette Syberg , Fanø Søren , Stenør Christian , Møller Anne Kirstine 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-related myocarditis is an uncommon but potentially fatal immune-related adverse event. Corticoid-resistant myocarditis induced by ICI is an important therapeutic challenge.

Case summary
Here, we present a case of steroid-refractory ICI-related myocarditis and myositis treated with abatacept and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF). A 57-year-old male with metastatic renal cell carcinoma was diagnosed with immune-related myocarditis and myasthenia gravis-like myositis after first dose of combination ICIs with nivolumab (anti-programmed cell death-1) plus ipilimumab (anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4). Twelve days after ICI he was admitted to the hospital due to palpitations, headache, and pain in the extremities. Laboratory findings revealed elevated inflammatory markers and cardiac enzymes. Electrocardiogram showed first-degree atrioventricular (AV) block and right bundle branch block which developed into complete heart block within 48 h. Because of clinical and paraclinical deterioration despite immediate initiation of methylprednisolone abatacept and MMF was added. Following, gradual subjective improvement and termination of arrhythmia led to discharge of the patient from the hospital 6 weeks after the introduction of ICI.

Discussion
The key treatment of ICI-related myocarditis is glucocorticoid. For steroid-refractory myocarditis supplementary immune suppressive agents are recommended. Yet, data still relies on case reports and case series, due to lack of prospective studies. In this case, the use of abatacept and MMF led to resolution of steroid-resistant ICI-related myocarditis and myositis.
Preventing heart failure: a position paper of the Heart Failure Association in collaboration with the European Association of Preventive Cardiology
Authors: Piepoli Massimo F , Adamo Marianna , Barison Andrea , Bestetti Reinaldo B , Biegus Jan , Böhm Michael , Butler Javed , Carapetis Jonathan , Ceconi Claudio , Chioncel Ovidiu , Coats Andrew , Crespo-Leiro Maria G , de Simone Giovanni , Drexel Heinz , Emdin Michele , Farmakis Dimitros , Halle Martin , Heymans Stephane , Jaarsma Tiny , Jankowska Ewa , Lainscak Mitja , Lam Carolyn S P , Løchen Maja-Lisa , Lopatin Yuri , Maggioni Aldo , Matrone Benedetta , Metra Marco , Noonan Katharine , Pina Ileana , Prescott Eva , Rosano Giuseppe , Seferovic Petar M , Sliwa Karen , Stewart Simon , Uijl Alicia , Vaartjes Ilonca , Vermeulen Roel , Verschuren W M , Volterrani Maurizio , Von Haehling Stephan , Hoes Arno 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The heart failure epidemic is growing and its prevention, in order to reduce associated hospital readmission rates and its clinical and economic burden, is a key issue in modern cardiovascular medicine. The present consensus document aims to provide practical evidence-based information to support the implementation of effective preventive measures. After reviewing the most common risk factors, an overview of the population attributable risks in different continents is presented, to identify potentially effective opportunities for prevention and to inform preventive strategies. Finally, potential interventions that have been proposed and have been shown to be effective in preventing HF are listed.
Polysaccharide utilization by a marine heterotrophic bacterium from the SAR92 clade
Authors: Xue Cheng , Xie Zhang-Xian , Li Yuan-Yuan , Chen Xiao-Huang , Sun Geng , Lin Lin , Giovannoni Stephen J , Wang Da-Zhi 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
SAR92 is one of the few examples of a widely distributed, abundant oligotroph that can be cultivated to study pathways of carbon oxidation in ocean systems. Genomic evidence for SAR92 suggests that this gammaproteobacterium might be a primary consumer of polysaccharides in the epipelagic zone, its main habitat. Here, we investigated cell growth, polysaccharide utilization gene expression, and carbohydrate-active enzyme abundance of a culturable SAR92 strain, HTCC2207, grown with different polysaccharides. Xylan and laminarin, two polysaccharides mainly produced by phytoplankton, supported the growth of HTCC2207 better than other polysaccharides. HTCC2207 possessed polysaccharide utilization loci (PULs) consisting of TonB-dependent receptor (TBDR) and glycoside hydrolase (GH) family genes. GH genes such as GH17 and GH3 presented no substrate-specificity and were induced by different sugar substrates, while expressions of GH16, GH10 and GH30 were enhanced in the glucose-treatment but suppressed in the polysaccharide-treatment, indicating complex polysaccharide utilization by HTCC2207. Metabolic pathways for laminarin and xylan were re-constructed in HTCC2207 based on the PULs genes and other predicted carbohydrate-active enzymes. This study reveals features of the epipelagic niche of SAR92 and provide insight into the biogeochemical cycling of labile, high-molecular carbohydrate compounds in the surface ocean.
Weight Loss and Exercise Differentially Affect Insulin Sensitivity, Body Composition, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Muscle Strength in Older Adults With Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Brennan Andrea M , Standley Robert A , Anthony Steven J , Grench Kory E , Helbling Nicole L , DeLany James P , Cornnell Heather H , Yi Fanchao , Stefanovic-Racic Maja , Toledo Frederico G S , Coen Paul M , Carnero Elvis A , Goodpaster Bret H 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
Aging-related disease risk is exacerbated by obesity and physical inactivity. It is unclear how weight loss and increased activity improve risk in older adults. We aimed to determine the effects of diet-induced weight loss with and without exercise on insulin sensitivity, VO2peak, body composition, and physical function in older obese adults.

Methods
Physically inactive older (68.6 ± 4.5 years) obese (body mass index 37.4 ± 4.9 kg/m2) adults were randomized to health education control (HEC; n = 25); diet-induced weight loss (WL; n = 31); or weight loss and exercise (WLEX; n = 28) for 6 months. Insulin sensitivity was measured by hyperinsulinemic–euglycemic clamp, body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and MRI, strength by isokinetic dynamometry, and VO2peak by graded exercise test.

Results
WLEX improved (p &lt; .05) peripheral insulin sensitivity (+75 ± 103%) versus HEC (+12 ± 67%); WL (+36 ± 47%) versus HEC did not reach statistical significance. WLEX increased VO2peak (+7 ± 12%) versus WL (−2 ± 24%) and prevented reductions in strength and lean mass induced by WL (p &lt; .05). WLEX decreased abdominal adipose tissue (−16 ± 9%) versus HEC (−3 ± 8%) and intermuscular adipose tissue (−15 ± 13%) versus both HEC (+9 ± 15%) and WL (+2 ± 11%; p &lt; .01).

Conclusions
Exercise with weight loss improved insulin sensitivity and VO2peak, decreased ectopic fat, and preserved lean mass and strength. Weight loss alone decreased lean mass and strength. Older adults intending to lose weight should perform regular exercise to promote cardiometabolic and functional benefits, which may not occur with calorie restriction-induced weight loss alone.
Swapping Versus Dose Optimization in Patients Losing Response to Adalimumab With Adequate Drug Levels
Authors: Roblin Xavier , Genin Capucine , Nancey Stéphane , Williet Nicolas , Veyrard Pauline , Boschetti Gilles , Phelip Jean-Marc , Berger Anne-Emmanuelle , Killian Martin , Waeckel Louis , Flourie Bernard , Paul Stéphane 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
In cases of loss of response due to mechanistic failure under antitumor necrosis factor agents, it is recommended to switch to another class of biologics. Two different strategies were compared in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) who were treated with nonoptimized adalimumab (ADA) and experienced a loss of response despite therapeutic trough levels of adalimuma—either ADA dose optimization or switching to vedolizumab or ustekinumab.

Methods
Patients under maintenance therapy with ADA monotherapy (40 mg every 14 days) and who experienced a secondary loss of response with trough levels &gt; 4.9 μg/mL were included prospectively in this nonrandomized study. The primary end point was the survival rate without therapeutic discontinuation after ADA dose optimization or switching to another class of biologics.

Results
Adalimumab was optimized (n = 61 patients, 42 Crohn’s disease, 19 ulcerative colitis) or swapped for vedolizumab (n = 40, 20 ulcerative colitis) or ustekinumab (n = 30, 30 Crohn’s disease). At 24 months, 11 out of 70 patients (14.8%) in the swap group discontinued treatment compared with 36 out of 61 (59.6%) patients in the optimization group (P &lt; 0.001). The median time without therapeutic discontinuation was significantly longer in the swap group (&gt;24 months) than in the optimization group (13.3 months, P &lt; 0.001). In the optimization group, treatment discontinuation was positively associated with baseline fecal calprotectin &gt;500 μg/g (HR, 3.53; 95% CI, 1.16–10.72; P = 0.026) and inversely associated with variation of trough levels of adalimumab (&gt;2 µg/mL from baseline to week 8 after optimization; HR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.13–0.82; P = 0.03). In the swap group, no factor was associated with treatment discontinuation.

Conclusion
In IBD patients under ADA maintenance therapy who experience a secondary loss of response and in whom trough levels are &gt;4.9µg/mL, swapping to another class is better than optimizing ADA, which is, however, appropriate in a subgroup of patients.
Turing Universality of the Incompressible Euler Equations and a Conjecture of Moore
Authors: Cardona Robert , Miranda Eva , Peralta-Salas Daniel 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this article, we construct a compact Riemannian manifold of high dimension on which the time-dependent Euler equations are Turing complete. More precisely, the halting of any Turing machine with a given input is equivalent to a certain global solution of the Euler equations entering a certain open set in the space of divergence-free vector fields. In particular, this implies the undecidability of whether a solution to the Euler equations with an initial datum will reach a certain open set or not in the space of divergence-free fields. This result goes one step further in Tao’s programme to study the blow-up problem for the Euler and Navier–Stokes equations using fluid computers. As a remarkable spin-off, our method of proof allows us to give a counterexample to a conjecture of Moore dating back to 1998 on the non-existence of analytic maps on compact manifolds that are Turing complete.
Time and Temporality in HCI Research
Authors: Wiberg Mikael , Stolterman Erik 
Published: August 2021

Abstract‘Time’ and ‘temporality’ are increasingly addressed in human-computer interaction (HCI) research. From issues related to mapping and visualizing data along timelines via explorations of temporality as a design material to studies of lag and the rhythms of work, time is a recurring perspective in HCI research. In fact, time has been a recurring aspect in HCI research for the past 30 years. Based on this continuous and growing interest in HCI research, we find it to be a good time to explore if ‘time’ can be used as a way to structure and organize HCI research. In this paper, we make one such attempt based on a literature study in which we have focused on how time and temporality has been addressed in HCI research during the past 30 years. In our overview of the field, we explore how time and temporality has played out in HCI along the two dimensions of what and how it has been studied. Based on these two dimensions, we created a 4 × 4 matrix that allowed us to filter the material and categorize HCI research in relation to time and temporality. As a result of our explorations, we have identified a turn to temporality as a design material in HCI, an interest in methods for temporality studies in HCI and in temporality as a theoretical lens. We end with a discussion of some implications of our findings around the notions of (i) waves of time and temporality studies in HCI research, (ii) the potential use of the 4 × 4 matrix and (iii) the consequences of a more fundamental shift from things to events.
Prevalence of MDR bacteria in an acute trauma hospital in Port-au-Prince, Haiti: a retrospective analysis from 2012 to 2018
Authors: Açma Ayşe , Williams Anita , Repetto Ernestina , Cabral Sèrgio , Sunyoto Temmy , Woolley Sophie Cherestal , Mahama Gabane 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
Antibiotic resistance (ABR) is recognized as an increasing threat to global health. Haiti declared ABR an emerging public health threat in 2018, however, the current surveillance system is limited. We described the microbiological data from a Médecins Sans Frontières trauma hospital, to increase knowledge on ABR in Haiti for similar facilities.

Methods
A retrospective cross-sectional analysis of routine microbiological data of samples taken from patients admitted to the inpatient ward or followed up in the outpatient clinic of the trauma hospital from March 2012 to December 2018. Resistance trends were analysed per isolate and compared over the 7 year period.

Results
Among 1742 isolates, the most common samples were pus (53.4%), wound swabs (30.5%) and blood (6.9%). The most frequently detected bacteria from these sample types were Staphylococcus aureus (21.9%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (20.9%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (16.7%). MDR bacteria (32.0%), ESBL-producing bacteria (39.1%), MRSA (24.1%) and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) species (2.6%) were all detected. Between 2012 and 2018 the number of ESBL isolates significantly increased from 3.2% to 42.9% (P = 0.0001), and resistance to clindamycin in MSSA isolates rose from 3.7% to 29.6% (P = 0.003). Two critical WHO priority pathogens (ESBL-producing CRE and carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa) were also detected.

Conclusions
Over a 7 year period, a high prevalence of MDR bacteria was observed, while ESBL-producing bacteria showed a significantly increasing trend. ABR surveillance is important to inform clinical decisions, treatment guidelines and infection prevention and control practices.
Validation of a Flow Cytometry Live Cell-Based Assay to Detect Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibodies for Clinical Diagnostics
Authors: Lopez Joseph A , Houston Samuel D , Tea Fiona , Merheb Vera , Lee Fiona X Z , Smith Sandy , McDonald David , Zou Alicia , Liyanage Ganesha , Pilli Deepti , Denkova Martina , Lechner-Scott Jeannette , van der Walt Anneke , Barnett Michael H , Reddel Stephen W , Broadley Simon , Ramanathan Sudarshini , Dale Russell C , Brown David A , Brilot Fabienne 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundMyelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies (MOG Ab) are essential in the diagnosis of MOG Ab–associated disease (MOGAD). Live cell-based assays (CBAs) are the gold standard for MOG Ab detection with improved sensitivity and specificity over fixed CBAs. A number of testing centers have used flow cytometry for its high throughput and quantitative utility. Presently, there is increasing demand to translate these research-based methods into an accredited routine diagnostic setting.MethodsA flow cytometry live CBA was used to detect MOG Ab in patients with demyelination. Serostatuses were compared between a research-based assay and a streamlined diagnostic assay. Inter-laboratory validation of the streamlined assay was performed in an accredited diagnostic laboratory. Further streamlining was performed by introducing a borderline serostatus range and reducing the number of controls used to determine the positivity threshold.ResultsHigh serostatus agreement (98%–100%) was observed between streamlined and research-based assays. Intra- and inter-assay imprecision was improved in the streamlined assay (mean intra- and inter-assay CV = 7.3% and 27.8%, respectively) compared to the research-based assay (mean intra- and inter-assay CV = 11.8% and 33.6%, respectively). Borderline positive and clear positive serostatuses were associated with confirmed phenotypes typical of MOGAD. Compared to using 24 controls, robust serostatus classification was observed when using 13 controls without compromising analytical performance (93%–98.5% agreement).ConclusionsFlow cytometry live CBAs show robust utility in determining MOG Ab serostatus. Streamlining and standardizing use of this assay for diagnostics would improve the accuracy and reliability of routine testing to aid diagnosis and treatment of patients with demyelination.
Engaging Laboratory Staff in Stewardship: Barriers Experienced by Medical Laboratory Technologists in Canada
Authors: VanSpronsen Amanda D , Zychla Laura , Villatoro Valentin , Yuan Yan , Turley Elona , Ohinmaa Arto 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
Laboratory stewardship programs aim to improve the use of laboratory resources, including reducing inappropriate testing. These programs should engage all healthcare stakeholder groups, including all levels of laboratory staff. Medical laboratory technologists (MLTs) are highly skilled professionals and are well positioned to play a supportive role in stewardship but may be overlooked. The aim of this study is to identify the barriers to MLT participation in stewardship activities.

Methods
We developed and disseminated a self-administered survey to MLTs in Canada to assess their knowledge and attitudes toward inappropriate laboratory utilizatioz and explore perceived barriers to taking on an active role in stewardship initiatives. Themes were identified in open-ended responses and mapped to the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF).

Results
MLTs feel accountable for helping ensure appropriate resource use and recognize that it is an important issue to address. However, they experience significant barriers and have low intention to act. The self-reported barrier most frequently described was lack of time arising from excessive workloads, but other constraints exist. Themes mapped to the TDF most strongly in the domain of environmental context and resources, supporting evidence that workplace structure and culture play key roles in impacting this group.

Conclusions
To meaningfully engage MLTs in stewardship activities, these barriers should be addressed. Highlighting MLT expertise and creating communication structures and opportunities for their unique contributions may be fruitful.