bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on Nonlinear Dynamic Behavior and Stability of Aviation Pressure Servo Valve-controlled Cylinder System
Authors: Song Yan-he , Ba Kaixian , Wang Yuan , Zhang Jun-xiao , Yu Bin , Zhang Qi-wei , Kong Xiang-dong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this paper, for the phenomenon of self-excited oscillation caused by nonlinear factors in a large aircraft wheel brake control system, the nonlinear dynamic behavior of the pressure servo valve-controlled cylinder system (PSVCS) is studied,and the influence law of the key parameters on the nonlinear self-excitation behavior is obtained. On this basis, the stability of the PSVCS is analyzed both in time domain and frequency domain, and it is proved in principle that the PSVCS is a stable self-closed loop control system. Firstly, the nonlinear dynamics model of the PSVCS is established in this paper. Secondly, using the method of phase plane analysis, the nonlinear dynamic behavior of the PSVCS and the influence law of key parameters on the system are studied. Thirdly, the nonlinear system of the PSVCS is transformed into a segmented local linear system, and the stability of the prestage and the power stage are analyzed and studied respectively. Finally, through a performance test platform, which is used to simulate the load of PSVCS, the theoretical analysis results of this paper are verified experimentally under a variety of working conditions. The final experimental results show that both the nonlinear dynamic model established in this paper and the influence law of the key parameters obtained by the phase plane analysis on the nonlinear self-excited oscillation behavior are correct, and the relevant conclusions can provide a reference for the design of the braking system control system.
Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access with applications :A Survey
Authors: Sharma Vallari , Kumar Divya 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This review presents the different access technologies in 5G in various environments. The paper gives deep in sight to the researcher about the comparison made for orthogonal and non orthogonal behavior of the system. It also categorizes the differential coders for MAC based systems, it also provides the interference cancellation scheme. The paper provides an explanation for the STBC for differential and non differential nature for MIMO and wireless communication, and categorizes the Alamouti codes’ performance in terms of efficiency, equalization for STBC, Orthogonal-STBC. Mainly it focuses on Non- Orthogonal Multiple Access with adaptive detector for SU-MIMO and limited feedback for Massive MIMO along with a generalized concept of Cooperative relaying using NOMA and Cooperative NOMA selection with dual relay is explained. This paper presents the different approaches in channels like Rayleigh, Ricean and Nakagami-m fading channel. Results indicate that there are some proposed schemes on the already present dedicated schemes which shows improvement in the performance while considering different paramenters.
Lung Ultrasound (LUS) in Pulmonary Tuberculosis: Correlation with Chest CT and X-Ray Findings.
Authors: Giannelli Federico , Cozzi Diletta , Cavigli Edoardo , Campolmi Irene , Rinaldi Francesca , Giachè Susanna , Rogasi Pier Giorgio , Miele Vittorio , Bartolucci Maurizio 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background The aim is to describe lung ultrasound (LUS) findings in a cohort of patients with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and compare them with computed tomography (CT) and chest x-ray (CXR) findings in order to evaluate the potentiality of LUS in TB diagnosis. Methods In this prospective study, 82 subjects with suspected TB were enrolled after being evaluated with CXR and chest CT. LUS was performed by blinded radiologists within 3 days after admission. A semiquantitative index was used: score 1 (lesions that extend for about 1 - 15% of the affected zone), score 2 (15 - 40%) and score 3 (40-100%).Results Microbiological analysis confirmed TB diagnosis in 58/82 (70.7%). CT was positive in all patients, LUS in 79/82 (96,3%) CXR in 78/82 (95,1%) and adding LUS and CXR in 100%. In PTB patients we found a great number of lungs zones with micronodules and with total findings than non-TPB patients (p<0,05). Overall LUS sensitivity was 80%, greater for micronodules (82%) and nodules (95%), lower for consolidation with air bronchogram (72%) and cavitations (33%). We reported 5 complicated pleural effusion at LUS, only 1 in CT. CXR overall sensitivity was 81%. Adding CXR and LUS findings we reported a sensitivity of 90%. Conclusion LUS could be considered a valid, non-invasive and cost-effective diagnostic tool especially in world regions where CT were not available, also in addiction with CXR. Trial Registration This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of our University Hospital (rif. CEAVC 14816).
Factors Affecting Inter-individual Variability in Endoxifen Concentrations in Patients: Results From the Prospective TOTAM Trial
Authors: Braal C. Louwrens , Westenberg Justin D. , Buijs Sanne M. , Abrams Steven , Mulder Tessa , Schaik Ron van , Koolen Stijn , Jager Agnes , Mathijssen Ron 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Endoxifen – the principal metabolite of tamoxifen – is subject to a high inter-individual variability in serum concentration. Numerous attempts have been made to explain this, but thus far only with limited success. By applying predictive modelling, we aimed to identify factors that determine the inter-individual variability. Aim is to develop a prediction model for endoxifen concentrations, as a strategy to individualize tamoxifen treatment by model-informed dosing in order to prevent subtherapeutic exposure and thus potential failure of therapy. Methods: Tamoxifen pharmacokinetics with demographic and pharmacogenetic data of 303 participants of the prospective TOTAM study were used. The inter-individual variability in endoxifen was analyzed according to multiple regression techniques in combination with multiple imputations to adjust for missing data and bootstrapping to adjust for the over-optimism of parameter estimates used for internal model validation. Results: Key predictors of endoxifen concentration were CYP2D6 genotype, age and weight, explaining altogether an average-based optimism corrected 57% (95% CI: 0.49-0.64) of the inter-individual variability. CYP2D6 genotype explained 54% of the variability. The remaining 3% could be explained by age and weight. Predictors of risk for subtherapeutic endoxifen were CYP2D6 genotype and age. The model showed an optimism-corrected discrimination of 90% (95% CI: 0.86-0.95) and sensitivity and specificity of 66% and 98%, respectively. Consecutively, there is a high probability of misclassifying patients with subtherapeutic endoxifen concentrations based on the prediction rule. Conclusion: The inter-individual variability of endoxifen concentration could largely be explained by CYP2D6 genotype and for a small proportion by age and weight. However, the remaining unexplained inter-individual variability is still high and therefore model-informed tamoxifen dosing should be accompanied by therapeutic drug monitoring.
Social Isolation Stress Provokes Atherosclerosis Through HPA-axis Over-Activation, Toll- Like Receptors, and Macrophage Polarization
Authors: Haj-Mirzaian Arvin , Ramezanzadeh Kiana , Tafazolimoghadam Armin , Radmard Mahla , Rahbar Alireza , Pirri Fardad , Khosravi Ayda , Shababi Niloufar , Dehpour Ahmad Reza , Shariatzadeh Siavash , Tajik Michael , Khalafi Farima , Kazemi Kiarash 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: It has been well documented that social isolation stress (SIS) can accelerate the formation of atherosclerotic plaque through inflammation. In this regard, this study aimed to elucidate the relation between HPA-axis, toll-like receptors (TLRs), as well as M1/M2 macrophage ratio and atherosclerosis in socially isolated (SI) animals.Methods: We used small interfering RNA (siRNA) against the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) to evaluate the relation between HPA-axis and TLRs. RT-PCR, ELISA, flow cytometry, and immunohistochemistry were used to assess any relation between atherosclerosis and TLRs, M1/M2 ratio, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and cell adhesion molecules in aortic tissue. Finally, we used TAK-242 (0.3 mg/kg, intraperitoneally), a selective antagonist of TLR4, as a possible prophylactic agent in formation of atherosclerotic plaque in-vivo.Results: We observed that SI animals had higher serum concentration of corticosterone and higher body weight in comparison to normal animals. In SI animals, results of in-vitro study showed that knocking-down of the GR in bone marrow–derived monocytes significantly decreased the expression of TLR4. In-vivo study suggested higher expression of TLR4 on circulating monocytes and higher M1/M2 ratio in aortic samples. Pathological study showed a mild formation of pre-atherosclerotic changes in SI animals. Finally, we observed that treating animals with TAK-242 could significantly inhibit the formation of pre-atherosclerotic changes.Conclusion: SIS can possibly increase the risk of atherosclerosis through over-activating HPA-axis and subsequently led to TLR4 up-regulation, tissue inflammation, high M1/M2 ratio in endothelium. Thus, TLR4 inhibitors might be a novel treatment to reduce the risk of atherosclerosis-induced by chronic stress.
ICD2Vec: Mathematical representation of diseases
Authors: Lee Yeong Chan , Jung Sang-Hyuk , Kumar Aman , Shim Injeong , Song Minku , Kim Min Seo , Kim Kyunga , Myung Woojae , Park Woong-Yang , Won Hong-Hee 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes represent the global standard for reporting disease conditions. The current ICD codes are hierarchically structured and only connote partial relationships among diseases. Therefore, it is important to represent the ICD codes as mathematical vectors to indicate the complex relationships across diseases. Here, we proposed a framework denoted "ICD2Vec" for providing mathematical representations of diseases by encoding corresponding information. First, we presented the arithmetic and semantic relationships between diseases by mapping composite vectors for symptoms or diseases to the most similar ICD codes. Second, we confirmed the validity of ICD2Vec by comparing the biological relationships and cosine similarities among the vectorized ICD codes. Third, we proposed a new risk score derived from ICD2Vec, and demonstrated its potential clinical utility for coronary artery disease, type 2 diabetes, dementia, and liver cancer, based on a large prospective cohort from the UK and large electronic medical records from a medical center in South Korea. In summary, ICD2Vec is applicable for diverse quantitative analyses using ICD codes in biomedical research.
Diagnostic Value of Global and Regional Myocardial Work in Coronary Artery Disease with Normal Ejection Fraction and Wall Motion
Authors: Guo Ying , Zhang Ruisheng , Zhu Huolan , Yang Chenguang , Pei Zuowei , Li Yi , Zhou Ziyu , Lang Xiaotong , Dong Min , Wang Fang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: The potential of global and regional myocardial work (MW) parameters for detecting moderate, clinically unapparent coronary artery disease (CAD) remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic power of global and regional MW to detect CAD in patients with normal left ventricular ejection fraction and wall motion. Methods: One hundred and seventy-six consecutive patients with clinically suspected CAD were prospectively included. All subjects underwent comprehensive echocardiographic evaluation and coronary angiography. Noninvasive MW indices include global work index (GWI), global work efficiency (GWE), global constructive work (GCW), global wasted work (GWW) and regional MW parameters. Results: GWI, GWE and GCW were significantly impaired in patients with CAD (stenosis ≥50%) compared with patients without CAD (all P＜0.01). An optimal GWI cutoff value of 1855.5 mmHg % (sensitivity, 71.7%; specificity, 78.0%) has been defined for predicting CAD [area under the curve (AUC) value, 0.76; P = 0.000]. GWI provided incremental value over all other echocardiographic parameters in detecting CAD, including global longitudinal strain (GLS) (P＜0.05). MW parameters in left anterior descending (LAD) segments had higher diagnostic value (AUC = 0.67-0.74, all P = 0.000) than parameters in left circumflex (LCX) (AUC = 0.64, P＜0.01) or right coronary artery (RCA) territories (AUC = 0.65-0.71, all P＜0.01).Conclusions: Global and regional MW parameters assessed at rest are of good diagnostic value for detecting CAD. GWI provides incremental value over all other echocardiographic parameters in predicting CAD, including GLS. Besides, regional MW may be a useful tool to localize and detect relevant coronary artery stenosis.
Abnormal Activity Detection for the Elderly People using ConvLSTM Autoencoder
Authors: Nazerfard Ehsan , Atashgahy Zahra , Nadali Alireza 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Independent living for elderly people is often viewed as an impossible task, due to the great many perils and difficulties. With advancements of Ambient Intelligence, this scenario is no longer out of reach and smart homes offer a computationally inexpensive solution to this problem. In this paper we address these difficulties and propose a novel method for Anomaly Detection in elderly’s daily routine and behavior. Our proposed model is a ConvLSTM Autoencoder for processing spatiotemporal data, given the fact that these type of behavior and anomalies are sparse and rare, it is safe to presume anomalies are harder to recreate in Autoencoder and have a much higher reproduction error compared to normal behavior. We utilized two datasets from the WSU CASAS smart home project to validate our proposed method by comparing it to the other state-of-the-art approaches.
Comparative Physiological and Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal Ascorbate and Glutathione Coregulation of Cadmium Toxicity Resistance in Wheat Genotypes
Authors: Zhang Tao , Xiao Jingui , Zhao Yongsheng , Zhang Yifan , Jie Yaqi , Shen Dandan , Yue Caipeng , Huang Jinyong , Hua Yingpeng , Zhou Ting 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Understanding the cadmium (Cd) resistance mechanism is crucial for combating the phytotoxicity of Cd and meeting the increasing food demand daily. A classic symptom of Cd toxicity is root growth inhibition. Results: Using two wheat genotypes (Cd tolerant genotype T207 and Cd sensitive genotype S276) with differing root growths in response to Cd, we conducted comparative physiological and transcriptomic analyses and exogenous application tests to interpret Cd detoxification mechanisms. S276 accumulated more H2O2, O2-, and malonaldehyde than T207. Catalase activity and levels of ascorbic acid (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) were higher, whereas superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities were lower in T207 than in S276. Transcriptome analysis showed that the expression of RBOHA, RBOHC, and RBOHE significantly increased, whereas that of RBOHB markedly decreased by Cd treatment. The transcriptional levels of 22 genes encoding RBOH were higher, and that of 11 genes were lower in T207 than in S276. The transcription of genes involved in the AsA-GSH cycle was profoundly reshaped by Cd treatment; 124 genes were higher and 43 genes were lower in T207 than in S276. Exogenous combined application of AsA and GSH alleviated Cd toxicity by scavenging excess ROS and coordinately modulating root length and branching, especially in S276.Conclusions: These results indicate that the AsA-GSH cycle fundamentally and vigorously influences plant defense against Cd toxicity, which provides valuable information for further clarification of the mechanisms underlying Cd detoxification.
Human Health Risk Assessment of The Levels of Dioxin-Like Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) in Soils From Mechanic Workshops Within Nekede Mechanic Village, Imo State, Nigeria
Authors: Eze Victor Chukwuemeka , Nwabudike Azuka , Duru Chidi , Isiuku Beniah , Ibe Francis , Ogbuagu Josephat , Enyoh Christian , Muogbo Miracle 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs) are a class of persistent toxic substances with a high potential to accumulate in the soil as an organic pollutant and bioaccumulate in humans. The study determined the level and human health risk of twelve (12) DL-PCBs in soils from mechanic workshops within Nekede mechanic village (NMV), Imo State. In this study, soil samples (0–15 cm depth) were collected at four different sampling points within Nekede mechanic village. At each sampling point, composite samples consisting of 10 sub-samples were collected with pre-cleaned pet bottles using soil auger and were labeled SA, SB, SC, SD. Control sample was taken 500 metres away from the mechanic village where there was no form of auto-mechanic activities. Sample analysis was conducted using Agilent GC 6890N coupled with Agilent MS 5970B to determine the levels of DL-PCBs. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 23. The results revealed that the mean concentration of 12 DL-PCB congeners (Σ12PCBs) in soil ranged from 0.31–16.31 µg kg− 1, which was much higher than that in the control sample (0.006–0.087 µg kg− 1). PCB-126 was the major contributor (58.99%) while the least contributor was PCB-157 (0.0040%) of the Σ12 DL-PCBs TEQ. The estimated LCR (adults 1.29×101, children 4.42×101) and HQs (adults 6.68×102, children 2.29×103) were above the acceptable risk limit (LCR = 10− 4, HQ = 1); indicating a very high adverse effect of DL-PCBs on humans especially children.
Topography Modulates Effects of Nitrogen Deposition on Microbial Resource Limitation in a Nitrogen-Saturated Subtropical Forest
Authors: Chen Hao , Tang Junjie , Sun Xibin , Ma Kayan , Chen Huaihai , Li Dejun 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background

Nitrogen (N) saturation theory proposes that an ecosystem might switch from N limitation to carbon (C), phosphorus (P), or other nutrient limitations if it receives continuous N input. Yet, after N limitation is removed, which nutrient is the most limited and whether topography modulates such change is rarely tested at a microbial level. Here, we conducted a two-year N addition experiment under two different topography positions (i.e. a slope and a valley) in a N-saturated subtropical forest. Soil enzyme activity was measured, and ecoenzymatic stoichiometry indexes were calculated as indicators of microbial resource limitation.
Results

In the valley, two-year N addition changed the activity of all studied enzymes to various degrees. As a result, microbial C limitation was aggravated in the valley, and consequently microbial decomposition of soil labile organic C increased, but microbial P limitation was alleviated due to the stoichiometry balance. On the slope, however, N addition did not significantly change the activity of the studied enzymes, and did not alter the status of microbial resource limitation.
Conclusions

These results indicate that C is a more limited element for microbial growth than P after removing N limitation, but we also highlight that topography can regulate the effect of N deposition on soil microbial resource limitation in subtropical forests. These findings provide useful supplements to the N saturation theory.
Appropriate Selection of materials for making durable Self Compacting Concrete And application in Underground Structures
Authors: Sonule Sandip , H.Jayarama  , Ojha Partha Sarath , Jadhav C.M 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Appropriate selection of materials plays an important role in concrete mix design for achieving the requirement of self-compacting concrete and ensuring a balance between deformability and stability. The type of selected materials and the ratios of concrete ingredients can be affected by the fresh and harden properties of the concrete. In the contract agreement of the Mumbai metro underground project, the technical specifications clearly state the values of limits set for achieving the durability parameters for the life of 120 years of the structure. According to the requirement of the site conditions Self-compacting concrete was designed with easily available material, special material like Ultra GGBS- Alcofine 1203 and crystalline waterproofing admixture. Self-compacting concrete is superior concrete than the traditional concrete with high workability, no segregation, no bleeding, and it is also suitable for use in structures with long-distance pumping i.e., more than 120-meter length, for For example, in Underground NATM tunnels, cross-passages, and the concrete structure of the underground metro station box. The paper presents a comparison between concrete mix designs and their achieved test parameters suitable for the contract agreement of the Mumbai metro underground project. The best concrete mix design for Self-compacting concrete was finalized based on flowability, passing ability, segregation resistance, and durability parameters of concrete mix and the same mix is implemented at the site for working structures.
CEBM: Collaborative Ensemble Blockchain Model for Intrusion Detection in IoT Environment
Authors: Shende Omkar , Pateriya R. K. , Verma Priyanka , Jain Anupama 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In recent years, the IoT environment devices have increased drastically, including smart home devices, ad- hoc networks for the automotive industry ( VANET ), healthcare , smart cities, and apparel. In today’s IoT environment, security is a critical topic due to the type of devices, the nature of the architecture, different communication techniques (primarily wireless), and amount of information shared over the network. Unfortunately, due to this diverse nature of IoT devices it is very difficult to analyze the behavior of intrusion traffic, as it suffers from ability of recognizing new attacks. Another issue is that the poisoning attack during training of model as intruder may inject malicious data as benign during training of model to create a backdoor for intrusion. Moreover, it is very difficult to create a good intrusion detection dataset which contains all kind of traces. Therefore, to protect the network including IoT , from various threats and attacks, Intrusion Detection Systems ( IDSs ) are among the best security methods that can be used. However, an isolated IDS node cannot overcome the problems. Therefore, different IDS need to collaborate in order to improve their performance. Thus, in this paper we propose a generic framework of collaborative ensemble blockchain model ( CEBM ) for intrusion detection in IoT environment. The proposed framework enables the IDS modules to securely share information and build an ensemble detection model by combining the different machine learning models with the best performance using blockchain in a confirmable approach in the absence of a trusted intermediary. UNSW _NB15 dataset is used to evaluate the proposed framework, and five different IDS modules are trained. The performance achieved by the collaborative ensemble model is presented in the form of accuracy, recall, precision, and F-score given as 99.113 %, 99.177 %, 99.559 %, and 0.9942, respectively.