bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Logging While Drilling in Complex Lithology – Solution for a Glauconitic Sandstone Reservoir
Authors: Abouzaid Ahmed , Thern Holger , Said Mohamed , ElSaqqa Mohammad , Elbastawesy Mohamed , Ghozlan Sherin 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
The evaluation of logging data in shaly sand reservoirs can be a challenging task, particularly in the presence of accessory minerals such as glauconite. Accessory minerals affect the measurements of conventional logging tools, thus, introducing large uncertainties for estimated petrophysical properties and reservoir characterization. The application of traditional Gamma Ray and Density-Neutron crossover methods can become unreliable even for the simple objective of differentiating reservoir from non-reservoir zones.
This was the situation for many years in the glauconite-rich Upper Bahariya formation, Western Desert, Egypt. Formation evaluation was challenging and the results often questionable. Adding Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Logging While Drilling (LWD) data in three wells changed the situation radically. The NMR data unambiguously indicate pay zones and simplify the interpretation for accurate porosity and fluid saturation dramatically. Key to success is NMR total porosity being unaffected by the presence of accessory minerals. NMR moveable fluid directly points to the pay zones in the reservoir, while clay-bound and capillary-bound water volumes reflect variations in rock quality and lithology.
Although the NMR total porosity is lithology independent, the presence of glauconite affects the NMR T2 distribution by shifting the water T2 response to shorter T2 times. This requires an adjustment of the T2 cutoff position for separating bound water from movable hydrocarbons. A varying T2 cutoff was computed by comparing NMR bound water to resistivity-based water saturation. The calibrated T2 cutoff exhibits an increase with depth indicating a decreasing amount of glauconite with depth throughout the Upper Bahariya formation. Based on these volumetrics, an improved NMR permeability log was calculated, now accurately delineating variations in rock quality throughout the different pay zones. In addition, viscosity was estimated from the oil NMR signal. The estimated values match the expected values very well and illustrate the potential of NMR to indicate viscosity variations.
Many of these results are available today already in real-time by transmitting NMR T2 distributions to surface while drilling. Besides the application for formation evaluation, the data can be used to initiate optimized side-tracking and completion decisions directly after finishing the drilling operations.
New synthetic 1H-1,2,3-triazole derivatives of 3-O-acetyl-β-boswellic acid and 3-O-acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid from Boswellia sacra inhibits carbonic anhydrase II in vitro
Authors: Avula Satya Kumar , Rehman Najeeb , Khan Majid , Halim Sobia Ahsan , Khan Ajmal , Rafiq Kashif , Csuk Rene , Das Biswanath , Al-Harrasi Ahmed 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Boswellic acids are genus specific to Boswellia; they are the principal biologically active compounds holding exceptionally potent anti-inflammatory activity. A series of new 1H-1,2,3-triazole tethered of 3-O-acetyl-β-boswellic acid (ABA, 1) and 3-O-acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA, 2) derivatives (10a-d and 11a-d) were synthesized and their carbonic anhydrase II (CA II) inhibitory activity was evaluated in vitro. All compounds were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 2D NMR (HMBC, HSQC, COSY and NOESY) experiments, ESI-MS, and when applicable by 19F NMR spectroscopy (10b, 10c and 11b, 11c). This series has displayed a moderate to strong inhibition against CA II with IC50 values of 13.2–60.1 µM. All the active compounds were reported for the first time for their CA II inhibition potential. Kinetics studies on the most active inhibitors (5 and 10b) were carried out to investigate their mode of inhibition and to determine their inhibition constants Ki. Both compounds (5 and 10b) were found to be non-competitive inhibitors with Ki values of 10.40 ± 0.013 and 14.25 ± 0.017 µM, respectively. Molecular docking studies showed that all compounds were well accommodated in the allosteric site of CA II. The current study has demonstrated the usefulness of incorporating a 1H-1,2,3-triazole moiety into the boswellic acids skeleton.
Effects of high-flow oxygen therapy on patients with hypoxemia after extubation and predictors of reintubation: a retrospective study based on the MIMIC-IV database
Authors: Liu Taotao , Zhao Qinyu , Du Bin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the indications for high-flow nasal cannula oxygen (HFNC) therapy in patients with hypoxemia during ventilator weaning and to explore the predictors of reintubation when treatment fails.Methods: Adult patients with hypoxemia weaning from mechanical ventilation were identified from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV) database. The patients were assigned to the treatment group or control group according to whether they were receiving HFNC or non-invasive ventilation (NIV) after extubation. The 28-day mortality and 28-day reintubation rates were compared between the two groups after Propensity score matching (PSM). The predictor for reintubation was formulated according to the risk factors with the XGBoost algorithm. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was calculated for reintubation prediction according to values at 4 hours after extubation, which was compared with the ratio of SpO2/FiO2 to respiratory rate (ROX index).Results: A total of 524520 medical records were screened, and 801 patients with moderate or severe hypoxemia when undergoing mechanical ventilation weaning were included (100<PaO2/FiO2≤300 mmHg), including 358 patients who received HFNC therapy after extubation in the treatment group. There were 315 patients with severe hypoxemia (100<PaO2/FiO2≤200 mmHg) before extubation, and 190 patients remained in the treatment group with median oxygenation index 166[157,180] mmHg after PSM. There were no significant differences in the 28-day reintubation rate or 28-day mortality between the two groups with moderate or severe hypoxemia (all P>0.05). Then HR/SpO2 was formulated as a predictor for 48-hour reintubation according to the important features predicting weaning failure. According to values at 4 hours after extubation, the AUC of HR/SpO2 was 0.657, which was larger than that of ROX index (0.583). When the HR/SpO2 reached 1.2 at 4 hours after extubation, the specificity for 48-hour reintubation prediction was 93%. Conclusions: The treatment effect of HFNC therapy is not inferior to that of NIV, even on patients with oxygenation index from 160 to 180 mmHg when weaning from ventilator. HR/SpO2 is more early and accurate in predicting HFNC failure than ROX index.
Application of the urine-prostate-semen test in accurate diagnosing etiologically in the patients with chronic prostatitis-like symptoms
Authors: Wang Danni , Wang He 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: In diagnosis and differential diagnosis of chronic prostatitis-like symptoms, the prostatic secretion was considered to be the most important and even only specimen, little attention has been paid to other genital organ infections. This may be one of important factors affecting treatment effect of chronic prostatitis. Methods: We used a urine-prostate-semen test (U-EPS-S test) to collect the specimens of urine, prostatic secretion and semen from 200 patients with chronic prostatitis-like symptoms. The specimens were inoculated respectively into a suitable media culture for the bacteriological localization detection and observe the number and their distribution of colonies in each isolation culture. Results: All of the patients had an infection of the internal genital organs (infection rate = 100%). Of these, prostatic secretion positive isolation cultures were obtained in 66 cases (33%), semen positive isolation cultures were obtained in 34 cases (17%), and prostatic secretion and semen positive isolation cultures were obtained in 100 cases (50%).Conclusion: The U-EPS-S test is useful to identify the pathogens and contaminatives in isolation cultures, and accurate diagnose and differential diagnose the multiple microbial infection (MMI) and the multi-organ infection (MOI) in patients with chronic prostatitis-like symptoms.
Integration of Low-Grade Heat from Exhaust Gases into Energy System of the Enterprise
Authors: Kapustenko Petro , Arsenyeva Olga , Fedorenko Olena , Kusakov Sergiy 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In the paper is presented the way of Process Integration application for waste heat utilisation from exhaust gases streams with partial condensation. It is based on the construction of Hot Composite Curve representing the gaseous mixture cooling with accounting for the gas-liquid equilibrium of condensable vapour part. With Cold Composite Curve for streams requiring heating, the Pinch Point is determined. Then the structure of Heat Exchanger Network (HEN) for utilised Heat Integration into the energy system of the factory is developed accounting for the possible splitting of two-phase flow on gas and liquid streams and selection of plate heat exchanger (PHE) types for specific positions in HEN. The method is illustrated by a case study of heat utilisation from exhaust gases after superheated steam tobacco drying and flue gases from natural gas-fired boiler. The heat transfer areas of PHEs in HEN are optimised with the total annualised cost as an objective function. The payback period of the received solution is less than four months with a substantial saving of energy, reduction of greenhouse gases and other harmful emissions of combustion processes.
Magnitude, Pattern and Management Outcome of Intestinal Obstruction among Non-Traumatic Acute Abdomen Surgical Admissions in Arba Minch General Hospital, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Atalay Mulatie , Gebremickael Abinet , Demissie Solomon , Derso Yonas 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Intestinal obstruction is defined as a blockage or partial blockage of the passage of the intestinal contents. It is a potentially risky surgical emergency associated with high morbidity and mortality. Its pattern differs from country to country and even from place to place within a country. Therefore, this study aimed to find out the magnitude, pattern and management outcome of intestinal obstruction in Arba Minch General Hospital.Methods: A retrospective Cross-Sectional study was conducted in Arba Minch General hospital from January 09, 2015, to November 09, 2018. The data collection period was from December 15, 2018, to February 09, 2019. Simple random technique was applied to select 801 study participants. Then, the required data entered into Epi Info version 7.2.1.0 and exported to the statistical package for the social sciences software package version 20 for analysis. Result: This study revealed that the overall magnitude of intestinal obstruction was 40.60% with 95% CI (34.95 - 45.95). The magnitude of unfavorable management outcomes and deaths during the study period were 22.3% with 95% CI (18.00-27.00) and 7.1 % with 95% CI (4.00-10.00) respectively. Small bowel volvulus, sigmoid volvulus and adhesion (bands) accounted for 45.30%, 21.35% and 11.97% of all patterns of intestinal obstructions respectively. Dehydration (p<0.001), persistent tachycardia (p<0.001) and perforated bowl (p<0.001) were highly significantly associated with the management outcome of intestinal obstruction.Conclusion and recommendation: Intestinal obstruction was the most common among all acute abdomen cases and its management outcome highly associated with dehydration. Early resuscitation is recommended to decrease unfavorable management outcomes.
Fever without source as the first manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 infection in infants less than 90 days old.
Authors: Blázquez-Gamero Daniel , Epalza Cristina , Cadenas José Antonio Alonso , Gero Lourdes Calleja , Calvo Cristina , Molino Paula Rodríguez , Méndez María , Santos Mar , Fumadó Victoria , Guzmán María Fernanda , Soriano-Arandes Antoni , Jiménez Ana B. , Penin Maria , Cobo-Vazquez Elvira , León Marta Pareja , Lobato Zulema , Serna Miquel , Delgado Rafael , Moraleda Cinta , Tagarro Alfredo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Fever without source (FWS) in infants is a frequent cause of consultation at the emergency department and the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 could affect the approach to those infants. The aim of this study is to define the clinical characteristics and rates of bacterial coinfections of infants < 90 days with FWS as the first manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This is a cross-sectional study of infants under 90 days of age with FWS and positive SARS-CoV2 PCR in nasopharyngeal swab/aspirate, attended at the emergency departments of 49 Spanish hospitals (EPICO-AEP cohort) from March 1st to June 26th, 2020. Three hundred and thirty-three children with COVID-19 were included in EPICO-AEP. A total of 67/336 (20%) were infants less than 90 days old, and 27/67(40%) presented with FWS. Blood cultures were performed in 24/27(89%) and were negative in all but one (4%) who presented a Streptococcus mitis bacteremia. Urine culture was performed in 26/27(97%) children and was negative in all, except in two (7%) patients. Lumbar puncture was performed in 6/27(22%) cases, with no growth of bacteria. Two children had bacterial coinfections: 1 had UTI and bacteremia, and 1 had UTI. C-reactive was protein over 20 mg/L in two children (one with bacterial coinfection), and procalcitonin was normal in all. One child was admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit because of apnea episodes. No patients died. Conclusion: FWS was frequent in infants under 90 days of age with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Standardized markers to rule out bacterial infections remain useful in this population, and the outcome is generally good.
Treatment of tibia avulsion fracture of posterior cruciate ligament with total arthroscopic internal fixation with adjustable double loop plate: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Zhang Fan , Ye Yaping , Yu Wu , Yin Dan , Xu Kai 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background We aimed to evaluate the effect of a surgery technique-total arthroscopic internal fixation with adjustable double loop plate in treatment of patients with tibia avulsion fracture of posterior cruciate ligament (PCL). Methods From April 2018 to January 2020, 26 patients with tibia avulsion fracture of PCL treated in the joint surgery of our hospital were enrolled in this retrospective cohort study. According to the way of operation, the patients were divided into the experimental group (receiving total arthroscopic internal fixation with an adjustable double loop plate) and the control group (receiving traditional open surgery). The knee joint X-ray, CT or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were used to evaluate the injury or the fixation effect. Results There were no significant differences in baseline patient demographics between the two groups in terms of age, sex, the average time from injury to surgery, type of surgery, preoperative knee range of motion, Lysholm score, IKDC score and KT-1000 score (P>0.05). The average operation time in the experimental group (59.5 ± 10.6 minutes) was significantly shorter than that in the control group (96.8 ± 13.7 minutes) (P < 0.05). Postoperative re-examination of knee CT and X-ray showed that the fracture fragments were well fixed in all patients. The fracture was all healed 2 months after the operation. Post-operative posterior drawer tests were negative in all patients at final follow-up. All patients regained a satisfactory knee range of motion and the flexion and extension function and were satisfied with the results of surgery and rehabilitation. There was significant difference (P < 0.05) in the Lysholm scores, the IKDC scores, the KT1000 scores, and the ROM between preoperative and postoperative values in the control group and the experimental group. However, there were no significant differences in these values between the two groups (p>0.05).Conclusions Total arthroscopic internal fixation with adjustable double loop plate is relatively simple, safe, minimally invasive, and reliable. After taking this operation and rehabilitation training, patients with tibia avulsion fracture of PCL can regain a satisfactory knee range of motion and the flexion and extension function.
More Accurate Estimates of the Accuracy of RT-PCR and Chest CT Tests for COVID-19
Authors: Wang Lu , Liu Xueqing , Xia Chen , Liu Jun , Zhou Xiao-Hua 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this article, we propose a novel statistical method for estimating the accuracy of chest computed tomography (CT) and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests in the diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), with a correction for imperfect gold standard and verification bias simultaneously. These two types of bias are often involved in estimating the diagnostic accuracy of COVID-19 tests. Imperfect gold standard bias arises when estimating accuracy measures of chest CT while using the RT-PCR test as a gold standard, despite its tendency to produce false negative results. Meanwhile, verification bias occurs in some studies where the results from chest CT are verified by RT-PCR test in a subsample of suspected cases that is not representative of the original population. Consequently, the accuracy estimates of chest CT and RT-PCR tests could be seriously biased and lead to invalid inference. Our proposed method is able to correct these two types of bias in providing unbiased and more accurate estimates of sensitivity and specificity of the two tests. Our results suggest that chest CT has higher sensitivity and lower specificity than RT-PCR, and the accuracy estimates can serve as an important reference for assessing and comparing the performance of these two tests in the diagnosis of COVID-19, and could guide policy recommendations for the implementation of these tests.
A novel recombinant protein vaccine containing the different E7 proteins of the HPV16, 18, 6, 11 E7 linked to the HIV-1 Tat (47-57) improve cytotoxic immune responses
Authors: Mousavi Tahoora , Valadan Reza , Rafiei Alireza , Abbasi Ali , Haghshenas Mohammad Reza 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Objectives

Human papillomavirus infection (HPV) is the most common viral infection which is causes of cervical, penal, vulvar, anal and, oropharyngeal cancer. E7 protein of HPV is a suitable target for induction of T cell responses and controlling HPV-related cancer. The aim of the current study was to designed and evaluated a novel fusion protein containing the different E7 proteins of the HPV 16, 18, 6 and 11, linked to the cell-penetrating peptide HIV-1 Tat 49-57, in order to improve cytotoxic immune responses in in-vitro and in-vivo.

Results

In this study whole sequence of HPV16,18,6,11 E7-Tat (47-57) and HPV16,18,6,11 E7 cloned into the vector and expressed in E.coli (BL21). The purified protein was confirmed by SDS page and western blotting and then injected into the C57BL/6 mice. The efficiency of the fusion protein vaccine was assessed by antibody response assay, cytokine assay (IL-4 and IFN-γ), CD+8 cytotoxicity assay and tumor challenge experiment. Result showed that fusion proteins containing Adjuvant (IFA,CFA) could express higher titer of antibody. Also, we showed that vaccination with E7-Tat and, E7-Tat-ADJ induced high frequencies of E7-specific CD8+ T cells and CD107a expression as well as IFN-γ level and enhanced long-term survival in the therapeutic animal models.

Conclusion

Our finding suggested that this novel fusion protein vaccine was able to induce therapeutic efficacy and immunogenicity by improving CD8+ T cell in TC-1 tumor bearing mice; so this vaccine may be appreciated for research against HPV and tumor immunotherapies.
Opioid Use in Medical Cannabis Authorization Adult Patients from 2013-2018: Alberta, Canada
Authors: Lee Cerina , Lin Mu , Martins Karen J.B. , Dyck Jason R.B. , Klarenbach Scott , Richer Lawrence , Jess Ed , Hanlon John G. , Hyshka Elaine , Eurich Dean T. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: The opioid overdose epidemic in Canada and the United States has become a public health crisis - with exponential increases in opioid-related morbidity and mortality. Recently, there has been an increasing body of evidence focusing on the opioid-sparing effects of medical cannabis use (reduction of opioid use and reliance), and medical cannabis as a potential alternative treatment for chronic pain. The objective of this study is to assess the effect of medical cannabis authorization on opioid use (oral morphine equivalent; OME) between 2013-2018 in Alberta, Canada.Methods: All adult patients defined as chronic opioid users who received medical cannabis authorization in the province of Alberta from 2013-2018 were propensity score matched to non-authorized chronic opioid using controls. 5373 medical cannabis patients were matched to controls, who were all chronic opioid users. The change in the weekly average OME of opioid drugs for medical cannabis patients relative to controls was measured. Interrupted time series (ITS) analyses was used to assess the trend change in OME during the 26 weeks (6 months) before and 52 weeks (1 year) after the authorization of medical cannabis among adult chronic opioid users.Results: Average age was 52 years and 54% were female. Patients on low dose opioids (<50 OME) had a slightly increase in their weekly OME per week (absolute increase of 112.1 OME, 95% CI: 104.1 to 120.3); whereas higher dose users (OME >100), showed a significant decrease over 6 months (-435.5, 95% CI: -596.8 to -274.2) compared to controls. Conclusions: This short-term study found that medical cannabis authorization showed intermediate effects on opioid utilization, which was dependent on initial opioid use. Greater observations of changes in OME appear to be in those patients who were on a high dosage of opioids (OME>100); however, continued surveillance of patients utilizing both opioids and medical cannabis – is warranted by clinicians to understand the long-term potential benefits and any harms of ongoing use.
Hydrogen Peroxide Gas and Ozone Gas Synergistically Inactivate Prion Infectivity on Stainless Steel Wire
Authors: Hara Hideyuki , Chida Junji , Pasiana Agriani Dini , Uchiyama Keiji , Kikuchi Yutaka , Naito Tomoko , Takahashi Yuichi , Yamamura Junji , Kuromatsu Hisashi , Sakaguchi Suehiro 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Prions are infectious agents causing prion diseases, which include Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease (CJD) in humans. Several cases have been reported to be transmitted through medical instruments that were used for preclinical CJD patients, raising public health concerns on iatrogenic transmissions of the disease. Since preclinical CJD patients are currently difficult to identify, medical instruments need to be adequately sterilized not to transmit the disease. In this study, we investigated the sterilizing activity of two oxidizing gases, ozone gas and hydrogen peroxide gas, against prions fixed on stainless steel wires using a mouse bioassay. Mice intracerebrally implanted with prion-contaminated stainless steel wires treated with ozone gas or hydrogen peroxide gas developed prion disease later than those implanted with control prion-contaminated stainless steel wires, indicating that ozone gas and hydrogen peroxide gas could reduce prion infectivity on wires. Incubation times were further elongated in mice implanted with prion-contaminated stainless steel wires treated with ozone and hydrogen peroxide-mixed gas, indicating that ozone-mixed hydrogen peroxide gas inactivates prions on these wires more potently than ozone gas or hydrogen peroxide gas. Taken together, these results suggest that ozone-mixed hydrogen peroxide gas may be useful for prion sterilization of medical instruments.