bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with differential community prevalence of hepatitis E in two sub-counties in Kitgum District in Northern Uganda: A comparative cross-sectional study
Authors: Aloyo Judith , Kiguli Juliet , Garimoi Christopher Orach , Ikoona Eric Nzirakaindi , Kitara David Lagoro 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Hepatitis E is one of the leading causes of acute viral hepatitis worldwide. During 2009, an epidemic of hepatitis E resulted in 10,437 infections and 167 deaths in Kitgum district.Objective: To investigate factors associated with the differential community prevalence of hepatitis E in two sub-counties in Kitgum District.Methods: We conducted a community survey during the 4th-31st of May 2012 in two Sub Counties in Kitgum District in Northern Uganda. A total of 474 heads of household were recruited using a probability proportional to size through multistage and random sampling methods. Two hundred thirty-four (49.26%) heads of household were from Mucwini, and 241 (50.74%) were from Kitgum Matidi Sub Counties. The questionnaire had an internal validity of Cronbach’s α=0.85. The study was approved by a local IRB. STATA version 10.0 was used for data analysis, and a p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant.Results: The prevalence of hepatitis E was significantly higher in Mucwini Subcountry 97 (41.99%) than in Kitgum Matidi 63 (26.47%); χ2=12.6; p=0.000. Factors associated with differential prevalence were hand washing after latrine use with Adjusted Odds Ratio (AoR)=0.23,95%CI:0.110-0.646; p=0.003; frequency of communal hand washing AoR=0.53,95%CI:0.330-0.860; p=0.01; patients’ handling by health workers AoR=1.91,95%CI:1.410-2.610; p<0.001; frequency of village health meetings held AoR=0.69,95%CI:0.56-0.85; p<0.001 and awareness of the cause of Hepatitis E AoR=1.42, 95%CI:0.710-1.880; p=0.015.Conclusions: Factors associated with the differential community prevalence of hepatitis E in the two communities were poor personal hygiene, poor community practices and a low level of community awareness about the virus. District and health authorities should put in place measures to improve personal and household hygiene and strengthen community health education on hepatitis E.
Numerical Investigation of the Combined Slot Effect on the Erosion Pattern Around a Combination of Spur Dikes in Series
Authors: Hosseini Khosrow , Nayyer Shahab , Kheirkhahan Mehran , Mousavi Sayed-Farhad 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Modifying the river course for flood control, prevention of bed erosion, bank protection, and the regulation of river width are among the goals of spur dikes incorporation. The common spur dikes have simple (I), L and T geometrical shapes. The present research has been conducted to reduce the scour depth in front of the spurs dikes and improve the sedimentation conditions for the LTT combination of spur dikes in series by investigating different combinations of slots in the body of the spur dike; using numerical methods. The slot dimension was taken equal to 10% of the effective area of the spur dike body. Finally, the (LS-W-Wi, TS-W, TS-W-Wi) combination contained the slots in the web and wing of the first and third spur dike also the slot at the web of the middle spur dike was found as the best combination of slots. This combination conducted to reduce the scour depth about 6.8% and increase the deposition about 52% comparing by the spurs dikes without slots. Reducing the scour depth and increasing the sedimentation rate of materials between the spurs dikes. Also, the maximum scour depth decreases up to 20%. The results revealed that the presence of slots in spur dike structures and their different positions have complicated and considerable influences on the form and morphology of the erodible bed which could be the topic for further researches.
Multi-Wavelength Analytical Ultracentrifugation of Biopolymer Mixtures and Interactions
Authors: Demeler Borries , Henrickson Amy , Gorbet Gary , Savelyev Alexey , Kim Minji , Ding Xiaozhe , Hargreaves Jason , Gradinaru Viviana , Schultz Sarah , Kothe Ute 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Multi-wavelength analytical ultracentrifugation (MW-AUC) is a recent development made possible by new analytical ultracentrifuge optical systems. MW-AUC is suitable for a wide range of applications and biopolymer systems and is poised to become an essential tool to characterize macromolecular interactions. It adds an orthogonal spectral dimension to the traditional hydrodynamic characterization by exploiting unique chromophores in analyte mixtures that may or may not interact. Here we illustrate the utility of MW-AUC for representative classes of challenging biopolymer systems, including interactions between mixtures of different sized proteins with small molecules, mixtures of loaded and empty viral AAV capsids contaminated with free DNA, and mixtures of different proteins, where some have identical hydrodynamic properties, all of which are difficult to resolve with traditional AUC methods. We explain the improvement in resolution and information content obtained by this technique compared to traditional single- or dual-wavelength approaches. We discuss experimental design considerations and limitations of the method, and address the advantages and disadvantages of the two MW optical systems available today, and the differences in data analysis strategies between the two systems.
Evaluation of an enhanced training package to support clinical trials training in low and middle income countries (LMICs): experiences from the Born Too Soon Optimising Nutrition study
Authors: Mitchell Eleanor Jane , Aluvaala Jalemba , Bradshaw Lucy , Daniels Jane P , Kumar Ashok , Opira Jacqueline , Oliver Mary , Pallotti Phoebe , Qureshi Zahida , Swinden Richard , Were Fredrick , Ojha Shalini 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background

Training is essential before working on a clinical trial, yet there is limited evidence on effective training methods. In low and middle income countries (LMICs), training of research staff was considered the second highest priority in a global health methodological research priority setting exercise.
Methods

We explored whether an enhanced training package in a neonatal feasibility study in Kenya and India, utilising elements of the train-the-trainer approach, altered clinicians and researchers’ clinical trials knowledge. A lead “trainer” was identified at each site who attended a UK-based introductory course on clinical trials. A two-day in-country training session was conducted at each hospital. Sessions included the study protocol, governance, data collection and ICH-Good Clinical Practice (GCP). To assess effectiveness of the training package, participants completed questionnaires at the start and end of the study period, including demographics, prior research experience, protocol-specific questions, informed consent and ICH-GCP.
Results

Thirty participants attended in-country training sessions and completed baseline questionnaires. Around three quarters had previously worked on a research study, yet only half had previously received training. Nineteen participants completed questionnaires at the end of the study period. Questionnaire scores were higher at the end of the study period, though not significantly so. Few participants ‘passed’ the informed consent and ICH-Good Clinical Practice (GCP) modules, using the Global Health Network Training Centre pass mark of ≥ 80%. Participants who reported having prior research experience scored higher in questionnaires before the start of the study period.
Conclusions

An enhanced training package can improve knowledge of research methods and governance though only small improvements in mean scores between questionnaires completed before and at the end of the study period were seen and were not statistically significant. This is the first report evaluating a clinical trial training package in a neonatal trial in LMICs. Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, research activity was paused and there was a significant time lapse between training and start of the study, which likely impacted upon the scores reported here. Given the burden of disease in LMICs, developing high-quality training materials which utilise a variety of approaches and build research capacity, is critical.
Statins’ safety and impact on the clinical outcomes in COVID-19 critically ill patients: A Multicenter, Cohort Study
Authors: Sulaiman Khalid Al , Aljuhani Ohoud , Korayem Ghazwa B. , Altebainawi Ali F. , Harbi Shmeylan Al , Shaya Abdulrahman Al , Badreldin Hisham A. , Kensara Raed , Harthi Abdullah Al , Alghamdi Jahad , Alawad Ahad , Alotaibi Rand , Kharbosh Abdullah , Muqati Hessa Al , Alhuwahmel Abdulmohsen , Almusallam Mohammed , Albarrak Ghada , Sulaihim Ibrahim Al , Alanazi Bader , Al-Dosari Bodoor S. , Vishwakarma Ramesh , Alsaeedi Alawi S. , Ghamdi Ghassan Al , Al-Dorzi Hasan M 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background The cardiovascular complications of Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) may be attributed to the hyperinflammatory state leading to increased mortality in patients with COVID-19. Statins are known to have pleiotropic and anti-inflammatory effects and may influence viral transmission along with their cholesterol-lowering activity. Thus, statin therapy is potentially a potent adjuvant therapy in COVID-19 infection. This study investigated the association of statin use on the outcome of critically ill patients with COVID-19. MethodsA multicenter, retrospective cohort study of all adult critically ill patients with confirmed COVID-19 admitted to Intensive Care Units (ICUs) between March 1, 2020, and March 31, 2021. Eligible patients were classified into two groups based on statin use during ICU stay and were matched with a propensity score based on patient’s age and admission APACHE II and SOFA scores. The primary endpoint was in-hospital mortality, while 30 days Ventilator-free days (VFDs) and ICU complications were secondary endpoints. ResultsA total of 1049 patients were eligible; 502 patients were included after propensity score matching (1:1 ratio). The 30-day (hazard ratio 0.75 (95% CI 0.58, 0.98), P=0.03) and in-hospital mortality (hazard ratio 0.69 (95% CI 0.54, 0.89), P=0.004) were significantly lower in patients who received statin therapy on multivariable cox proportional hazards regression analysis. Moreover, patients who received statin had a lower risk of hospital-acquired pneumonia (OR 0.48(95% CI 0.32, 0.69), P=<0.001), lower levels of markers of inflammation on follow up and no increased risk of liver injury. ConclusionThe use of statin during ICU stay in COVID-19 critically ill patients may have a beneficial role and survival benefits with a good safety profile.
Anti-endometriotic Effects of Ceratonia Siliqua L. Pod on Endometrial Mesenchymal Stromal/stem Cells Isolated from Women with Endometriosis-associated Infertility
Authors: Khodabandeh Zahra , Jahromi Bahia Namavar , Hashemi Atefe , Afshar Alireza , Baghban Neda , Hessami Kamran , Mohebbi Gholamhossein , Barmak Alireza , Jamhiri Iman , Zare Shahrokh , Badr Parmis , Iraji Ida , Poordast Tahere , Khoradmehr Arezoo , Tamadon Amin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Multiple Primary Cancer and Survival after Lumpectomy with or without Radiotherapy for Ductal Carcinoma in Situ: A Propensity- Score-Matching Study
Authors: Li Yitong , Ouyang Dengjie , Chen Qitong , Hong Tao , Yi Wenjun 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Radiotherapy combined with breast-conserving surgery is widely performed in patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). This research was conducted to evaluate the use of radiotherapy to reduce the risk of multiple primary cancer (MPC) and mortality in DCIS patients.Methods: 108,416 patients first diagnosed with DCIS between 1998 and 2015 who received lumpectomy in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 18 database were included. Age, race, year of diagnosis, laterality, pathologic grade, surgery, radiation, estrogen receptor status, progesterone receptor status, tumor size and vital status were extracted. A comparison of lumpectomy vs. lumpectomy plus radiotherapy was performed using 1:1 propensity score-based matching.Results: Of the 108,416 patients, 39,039 patients were treated with lumpectomy alone, and 69,377 were treated with lumpectomy and radiotherapy. The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for death was 0.801 and 0.7444 for occurrence of MPC in the lumpectomy and radiotherapy vs. lumpectomy alone groups, respectively. Conclusion: Lumpectomy plus radiotherapy is associated with a significant reduction in mortality and risk of MPC, mainly second primary BC. Younger patients, Black women with high-grade tumors were likely to benefit most. Radiotherapy reduced the risk of occurrence rather than the mortality of MPC patients to reduce the overall mortality.
Restrictive measures of a criminal law nature in the system of legal regulation of prevention and to combat domestic violence
Authors: Oliinychenko А. Ye. 
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the system of state measures applied to persons, who are suspected, accused of committing or having committed domestic violence, as well as determining the place of restrictive measures of a criminal law nature in the proposed system.
For this purpose, it is necessary to conduct an analysis of the legislative regulation of state measures applicable to persons suspected of committing or having committed domestic violence at all levels of №rmative legal regulation; to delimitate the terms “restrictive measure”, “precautionary measure”, “restrictive prescription” and “temporary prohibition injunction” and to analyse the expediency of the new term “security measures” proposed by the draft of the new Criminal Code of Ukraine.
The result of the conducted study is an analysis of the existing state measures to combat domestic violence in order to form a system of special measures to combat domestic violence, as well as examination of the issue concerning the place of restrictive measures of a criminal law nature applicable to persons having committed domestic violence. So, today, the system of special measures to combat domestic violence consists of types of measures to temporarily restrict the rights and obligations of the perpetrator who committed domestic violence, as well as to a person suspected, accused or committed a criminal offense related to domestic violence. The types of such measures are taking the offender into preventive registration and carrying out preventive work with him; referral of the offender to the offender program; a temporary injunction; a restrictive prescription of a civil nature a restrictive measure of a criminal procedure nature applicable to persons suspected or accused of committing domestic violence; and a restrictive measure of a criminal nature nature applicable to persons who have committed domestic violence having different preconditions, grounds , subjects and the term of appointment, but have the sole intention of protecting persons suffering from domestic violence.
Nanopolymers: Powerful Tools in Neuroprotection and Neuroregeneration
Authors: Pranke Patricia , dos Santos Marcelo Garrido , Prestes João Pedro 
Published: December 2021

:
Disorders of the central and peripheral nervous systems are still major human health issues.
Researchers have been seeking ways to boost neuroregeneration and neuroprotection since
ancient times in order to overcome the brain's, spinal cord's, and peripheral nerves' limited ability to
regenerate spontaneously. In this scenario, nanopolymers have shown great potential in terms of
drug delivery systems and scaffolds, diminishing the scale of tissue damage and promoting functional
recovery in both acute and chronic injuries. A diversity of natural and synthetic polymers has
been exploited due to the unique characteristics of these polymers regarding their mechanical and
biological properties. These properties dictate how the biomaterial interact with biological systems
and how they are distinct in each polymer. This makes them suitable for numerous applications that
range from the controlled release of an anti-inflammatory drug to axonal guidance. The versatility of
nanopolymers makes them a rich source for therapeutic approaches in the neuroscience field, especially
in neuroprotection and neuroregeneration.
Therapeutic Potential of Resveratrol in Diabetic Nephropathy According
to Molecular Signaling
Authors: Salami Marziyeh , Salami Raziyeh , Mafi Alireza , Aarabi Mohammad-Hossein , Vakili Omid , Asemi Zatollah 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Diabetic nephropathy (DN), as a severe complication of diabetes mellitus
(DM), is a crucial menace for human health and survival and remarkably elevates the healthcare
systems’ costs. Therefore, it is worth noting to identify novel preventive and therapeutic strategies
to alleviate the disease conditions. Resveratrol, as a well-defined anti-diabetic/ antioxidant agent
has capabilities to counteract diabetic complications. It has been predicted that resveratrol will be a
fantastic natural polyphenol for diabetes therapy in the next few years.

Objective:
Accordingly, the current review aims to depict the role of resveratrol in the regulation of
different signaling pathways that are involved in the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, inflammatory
processes, autophagy, and mitochondrial dysfunction, as critical contributors to DN
pathophysiology.

Results:
The pathogenesis of DN can be multifactorial; hyperglycemia is one of the prominent risk
factors of DN development that is closely related to oxidative stress. Resveratrol, as a well-defined
polyphenol, has various biological and medicinal properties, including anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory,
and anti-oxidative effects.

Conclusion:
Resveratrol prevents kidney damages that are caused by oxidative stress, enhances antioxidant
capacity, and attenuates the inflammatory and fibrotic responses. For this reason, resveratrol
is considered an interesting target in DN research due to its therapeutic possibilities during diabetic
disorders and renal protection.
Problems of quality of distance learning online
Authors: Muhammad Kuldashev , Ziyadullayevna Mukumova Muslima , Salijonovna Sadikova Yorkinoy , Jaxonovich Mirzayev Djasur , Qizi Mirzayeva Maftuna Hamidjon 
Published: December 2021

From this paperwork we see distance learning and its relationship to emerging computer technologies have together offered many promises to the field of education. In practice, however, the combination often falls short of what it attempts to accomplish. Some of the shortcomings are due to problems with the technology; others have more to do with administration, instructional methods, or students. Being positively motivated to take an online course of study, they, nevertheless, face a number of challenges while learning at a distance. These involve low self-organization, lack of control on the instructor’s side, lack of effective interaction, and a sense of isolation, which decrease their satisfaction with an online learning experience. These findings prove the thesis that to be highly successful and effective distance learning requires considerable attention and commitment on the part of faculty. The role of faculty is manifested in the way the instruction is designed and delivered as well as in the faculty's ability to incorporate relevant course content with the emphasis on student support, interaction and assessment techniques as these are the key issues in effective distance learning.
The Effect of Exercise on the Total Leukocyte, Absolute Neutrophil, Lymphocyte and Platelet Counts among Sudanese Football Players
Authors: Babiker Nihad Elsadig , Anwer Raheeg Mubark 
Published: December 2021

Background: Aerobic exercise induces physiological stress on the body and brings changes in hematological parameters. This study aimed to determine the effect of playing football as an exercise on the total white blood cell count, absolute Neutrophil, lymphocyte and Platelet counts among Sudanese football players.
Material and method: This was a descriptive case control study, done on a number of football players in Khartoum state, Sudan and conducted within the period from August 2021 to October 2021. Three ml of venous blood samples had been collected from every participant in the study, parameters had been measured and calculated using blood cells counter (Sysmex KX-21N).
Results: When compared the TWBCs, Absolute Neutrophil, Lymphocytes and platelet counts between cases and control there was a significant differences with (P ≤0.05). Also there was a significant difference in the case group before and after one hour of exercise with (P =0.00), and in significant differences between different age groups with (P ≥0.05).
Conclusion: Playing football for 1 hour cause a significant increase in the TWBCs, absolute Neutrophils, absolute Lymphocytes and Platelets counts. Age variation has no effect on the measured parameters
Keywords: Football, TWBCs, Neutrophils, Lymphocytes and Platelets.
Enhanced Antibacterial and Antioxidant Properties of Chitosan Films Blended with Gallic Acid and Incorporated with Thymol Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Lade Bipin , Kamdi Akash , Shanware Arti 
Published: December 2021

In the present study, an attempt has been made to build and evaluate Chitosan+Glycerol/Gallic acid/Thymol-silver nanoparticles or chitosan blended (C+G/GA/T-SNPs) film to significantly improve antioxidant and antibacterial activity for accelerated wound healing. Methanolic Gallic acid is used for the first time in antibacterial chitosan control (C+G) films. All developed films, compounds was Thymol and Gallic acid and their synthesized Thymol silver nanoparticles (T-SNPs) and Gallic acid silver nanoparticles (GA-SNPs) were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Zeta potential (ZP), Dynamic light scattering (DLS), and UV-Vis spectroscopy. T-SNPs and GA-SNPs are rod and spherical in shape and were sufficient to reduce, capped, and stabilize. T-SNPs and GA-SNPs were measured Dynamic Light scattering and found to be 123.2 nm and 121.1 nm with surface charges of -19.7 and -20.3 respectively. The incorporation of methanolic Gallic acid and T-SNPs into chitosan films, as predicted, effectively enhanced antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. The antimicrobial activity of Thymol, T-SNPs and C+G/GA/T-SNPs film showed more zone of inhibition than Gallic acid, GA-SNPs and C+G film. The elasticity, texture and folding endurance of the C+G film and C+G/GA/T-SNPs films have been substantially improved. The ecological quality of the generated C+G and C+G/GA/T-SNPs film was determined by the assessment of soil degradation and water degradation parameters. These findings lead to the conclusion that the C+G/GA/T-SNPs film produced with Gallic acid and T-SNPs can improve wound healing.
Keywords: Chitosan, Gallic Acid, Thymol Silver Nanoparticles, Antibacterial and Antioxidant Properties.