bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of COVID-19 lockdown in depression, anxiety and stress among students in polytechnic of Santarem and Leiria
Authors: Silva Mário , Gonzaga Luís , Figueiredo Maria do Carmo , Rosa Marta , Matos Rui , Amendoeira José 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
The context of coronavirus on higher education caused upsetting consequences on students’ lives. The restrictions on social mobility and the consequent reduction of interpersonal contacts brought them unprecedented stressful situations. The extent and quality of adaptation to these situations, due to the uniqueness of each person's resources, needs to be early known preventing eventual and serious psychological disorders. This study aimed to assess stress, anxiety, and depression among undergraduate students from both Santarém and Leiria Polytechnic Institutes.

Methods
A descriptive cross-sectional correlational study was performed in the period immediately after the first lockdown. Participants were 775 students (females = 73.5%), aged between 17 and 55 years. All of them completed measures of the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21; in the Portuguese version EADS, by Pais-Ribeiro, Honrado e Leal, 2004). Collected data were analyzed with IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows software, Version 27.0.

Results
According to DASS-21 scoring instructions (Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995), results showed that most participants had experienced a normal level of depression (72.5%), anxiety (79.7%) and stress (87.6%). However, about 4.7% and 1.8% of respondents, respectively, report a severe or extremely severe level of anxiety or depression. We also found significant differences for the three dimensions in terms of polytechnic institute attended, gender, age categories, and marital status.

Conclusions
The findings suggest that higher education institutions must understand this phenomenon experienced and develop strategies for improving students' mental health, especially in vulnerable groups. The importance of a transdisciplinary approach is emphasized and the involvement of all educational stakeholders is encouraged.
Illness and mental health: two sides of the same coin?
Authors: Pocinho Margarida , Matos Fatima Ney , Amaral Ana 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
Although we are sometimes unaware, mental illnesses are extremely common, and if they are not properly regulated they can affect all types of structures in a person's life

Methods
The study is qualitative, a word evocation test was used, began to be carried out in February 2019 and ended on May 27, 2019. The word recall test were: ‘If I tell you mental health, what are the first three words that come to mind?’ ‘If I tell you mental illness, what are the first three words that come to mind?’ To analyze and build the graphs for this investigation, the corpus was inserted in the IraMuteQ program.

Results
When analyzing the words we can see that the social representation of mental illness is very much associated with undesirable mental illnesses or conditions and seen as negative in society. Meanwhile, mental health is full of words that you would normally consider positive.

Conclusions
The social representations of health and mental illness are very clearly opposed, mental health is seen almost exclusively as something positive by society, not only has feelings like happiness, but also words like success and vitality, while mental illness is very much linked to the whole type of mental illness and conditions like stress, sadness, obsession.
Postural stability assessment in flatfoot subjects trough lyapunov exponent analysis
Authors: Marouvo Joel , Castro Maria António , Azevedo Nelson , Sousa Filipa , Fernandes Orlando 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
Flatfoot subjects presents an increase plantar foot area related to a plantar pressure feedback impairment. The Lyapunov Exponent is considered a nonlinear parameter used to characterize a signal chaotic behavior measuring the information rate loss from time series, i.e., for the Center of Pressure data. This exponent is used to quantify and measure the capability and resistance of subjects to several perturbations. The study purpose was to investigate the postural stability differences among foot posture condition through the Lyapunov Exponent analysis.

Methods
The sample of the observation descriptive study consisted of 31 participants (23.26 yo ± 4.43 SD) comprising a total of 62 feet, where 15 integrated into the experimental group with bilateral flatfoot condition and the remaining 16 in the control group with the bilateral neutral foot condition. Subjects were screened, before posture analysis, using the Navicular Drop Test and Resting Calcaneal Stance Position test, to characterize each group. All participants were subjected to a bipedal weight-bearing stance posture stability analysis a force platform, both in eyes-open and closed condition. The Lyapunov Exponent was calculated using the Matlab-R2020b (MathWorks Inc., USA) software.

Results
Regarding the Center of Pressure outcomes, only the Lyapunov Exponent value upon the Antero-Posterior component regarding groups in the eyes closed condition (diff = 3.09°, p = .016) presented a significant result.

Conclusion
Flatfoot subjects present a significant difference compared to neutral foot participants, in bipedal weight-bearing stance, in the eyes closed condition regarding the Lyapunov Exponent. This relates to increase variability and decrease stability regarding the Antero-Posterior component.
Ergonomic evaluation in community pharmacies
Authors: Ferreira Ana , Lança Ana , Figueiredo João Paulo , Loureiro António , Seco Silvia , Paixão Susana , Costa Lúcia Simões , Almeida Mónica 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
The risk of a health professional contracting work-related diseases is about 1.5 times greater than the risk of all other workers. For this reason, the present study focused on community pharmacies, aiming ergonomic risks, which allows a more personalized intervention individualized in an assessment and control of ergonomic risks.

Methods
We proposed as an objective of this study, to evaluate the ergonomic risks to which the workers of the community pharmacies are exposed.
This study was of the Descriptive-Correlational, Analytical type, and of a transversal nature where the working conditions in pharmacies of the municipality of Coimbra were evaluated. The sample being represented by 15 workers. A questionnaire was carried out and the KIM and RULA methodologies were applied for ergonomic evaluation. The results were evaluated using the IBM SPSS Statistics version 26.0 program using descriptive tests and inference tests.

Results
The ergonomic assessment indicated greater risk of exposure in the task of replacing goods, the perception of workers proved to be positive in relation to existing non-conformities. There were no statistically significant differences in psychosocial and ergonomic risks between men and women.

Conclusion
The ergonomic conditions of the workplace for the professionals in community pharmacies are unfavourable in some points. However, if they try to adapt the workplace to the worker considering ergonomic aspects, they will promote well-being and thus guarantee better performance for their professionals and consequent increase in productivity
A hypomorphic allele of telomerase uncovers the minimal functional length of telomeres in Arabidopsis
Authors: Watson J Matthew , Trieb Johanna , Troestl Martina , Renfrew Kyle , Mandakova Terezie , Fulnecek Jaroslav , Shippen Dorothy E , Riha Karel 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Despite the essential requirement of telomeric DNA for genome stability, the length of telomere tracts between species substantially differs, raising the question of the minimal length of telomeric DNA necessary for proper function. Here, we address this question using a hypomorphic allele of the telomerase catalytic subunit, TERT. We show that although this construct partially restored telomerase activity to a tert mutant, telomeres continued to shorten over several generations, ultimately stabilizing at a bimodal size distribution. Telomeres on two chromosome arms were maintained at a length of 1 kb, while the remaining telomeres were maintained at 400 bp. The longest telomeres identified in this background were also significantly longer in wild-type populations, suggesting cis-acting elements on these arms either promote telomerase processivity or recruitment. Genetically disrupting telomerase processivity in this background resulted in immediate lethality. Thus, telomeres of 400 bp are both necessary and sufficient for Arabidopsis viability. As this length is the estimated minimal length for t-loop formation, our data suggest that telomeres long enough to form a t-loop constitute the minimal functional length.
Cytoplasmic TDP-43 is involved in cell fate during stress recovery
Authors: Lee Youn-Bok , Scotter Emma L , Lee Do-Young , Troakes Claire , Mitchell Jacqueline , Rogelj Boris , Gallo Jean-Marc , Shaw Christopher E 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Transactive response DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43) is an RNA processing protein central to the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Nuclear TDP-43 mislocalizes in patients to the cytoplasm, where it forms ubiquitin-positive inclusions in affected neurons and glia. Physiologically, cytoplasmic TDP-43 is associated with stress granules (SGs). Here, we explored TDP-43 cytoplasmic accumulation and stress granule formation following osmotic and oxidative stress. We show that sorbitol drives TDP-43 redistribution to the cytoplasm, while arsenite induces the recruitment of cytoplasmic TDP-43 to TIA-1 positive SGs. We demonstrate that inducing acute oxidative stress after TDP-43 cytoplasmic relocalization by osmotic shock induces poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage, which triggers cellular toxicity. Recruitment of cytoplasmic TDP-43 to polyribosomes occurs in an SH-SY5Y cellular stress model and is observed in FTD brain lysate. Moreover, the processing body (P-body) marker DCP1a is detected in TDP-43 granules during recovery from stress. Overall, this study supports a central role for cytoplasmic TDP-43 in controlling protein translation in stressed cells.
Disproportionate Surveillance: Technology-Assisted and Automated Decisions in Asylum Applications in the EU?
Authors: Jasmontaite-Zaniewicz Lina , Zomignani Barboza Júlia 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Since the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001 in the United States, the association between migration and security has been continuously strengthened, with multiple States working to tighten their border controls. In the European Union (EU), this trend has been shown by the frequent overlap between asylum application and migration policies and the agenda concerning border control, security, and terrorism. This securitization of migration discourse is claimed to justify the use of controversial practices to examine asylum applications. Against this background, the article reflects on the use of technology-assisted and automated decisions in this area. In particular, it questions whether the existing safeguards provided in the EU data protection framework ensure asylum seekers’ rights to privacy and the protection of personal data. In doing so, the article seeks to offer a more nuanced understanding of European asylum policy and the potential flaws therein that allow individuals’ fundamental rights – enshrined in the EU Charter and the European Convention on Human Rights – to be infringed. In conclusion, the article engages with the debate relating to the use of automated decisions, in particular those based on artificial intelligence, and whether they should be excluded from certain policy areas, such as migration.
Characterizing phenotypic abnormalities associated with high-risk individuals developing lung cancer using electronic health records from the All of Us researcher workbench
Authors: Na Jie , Zong Nansu , Wang Chen , Midthun David E , Luo Yuan , Yang Ping , Jiang Guoqian 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
The study sought to test the feasibility of conducting a phenome-wide association study to characterize phenotypic abnormalities associated with individuals at high risk for lung cancer using electronic health records.

Materials and Methods
We used the beta release of the All of Us Researcher Workbench with clinical and survey data from a population of 225 000 subjects. We identified 3 cohorts of individuals at high risk to develop lung cancer based on (1) the 2013 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force criteria, (2) the long-term quitters of cigarette smoking criteria, and (3) the younger age of onset criteria. We applied the logistic regression analysis to identify the significant associations between individuals’ phenotypes and their risk categories. We validated our findings against a lung cancer cohort from the same population and conducted an expert review to understand whether these associations are known or potentially novel.

Results
We found a total of 214 statistically significant associations (P &lt; .05 with a Bonferroni correction and odds ratio &gt; 1.5) enriched in the high-risk individuals from 3 cohorts, and 15 enriched in the low-risk individuals. Forty significant associations enriched in the high-risk individuals and 13 enriched in the low-risk individuals were validated in the cancer cohort. Expert review identified 15 potentially new associations enriched in the high-risk individuals.

Conclusions
It is feasible to conduct a phenome-wide association study to characterize phenotypic abnormalities associated in high-risk individuals developing lung cancer using electronic health records. The All of Us Research Workbench is a promising resource for the research studies to evaluate and optimize lung cancer screening criteria.
Reconstructing the “Femme-Fleur”: Floral Modernism in the Work of Madeleine Vionnet and Jeanne Lanvin
Authors: Elenowitz-Hess Caroline 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The seeds of modernism had been planted before the First World War, but it was in the post-war period that there was a true blossoming of self-consciously “modern” aesthetics and the new, “modern” woman. Although modernism is often associated with the masculine, urban, and geometric—indeed, women’s fashion took a more androgynous turn—influential couturières Madeleine Vionnet and Jeanne Lanvin still drew upon traditionally feminine floral and pastoral themes to create their modern fashions.
Fashion designers were not alone in this use of the floral in a “modern” context. Writers, visual artists, architects, and garden designers of the period were also renegotiating ideas of the natural world and reinterpreting the pastoral in the context of the devastating effect of the First World War upon the people and the landscape of France. In particular, the legacy of the femme-fleur (“flower-woman”) in art, literature, and performance found new relevance in 1920s fashion, uniting ideas of modernity and renewal. For Vionnet and Lanvin, the use of floral motifs in conjunction with modernist fashions, signalled a desire to draw upon and reinterpret these long-held signals of femininity, allowing for a new understanding of womanhood while evoking the familiar, eternal and procreative elements of flowers.
Integrating Qualitative Methods and Open Science: Five Principles for More Trustworthy Research*
Authors: Humphreys Lee , Lewis Neil A , Sender Katherine , Won Andrea Stevenson 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRecent initiatives toward open science in communication have prompted vigorous debate. In this article, we draw on qualitative and interpretive research methods to expand the key priorities that the open science framework addresses, namely producing trustworthy and quality research. This article contributes to communication research by integrating qualitative methodological literature with open communication science research to identify five broader commitments for all communication research: validity, transparency, ethics, reflexivity, and collaboration. We identify key opportunities where qualitative and quantitative communication scholars can leverage the momentum of open science to critically reflect on and improve our knowledge production processes. We also examine competing values that incentivize dubious practices in communication research, and discuss several metascience initiatives to enhance diversity, equity, and inclusion in our field and value multiple ways of knowing.
Neutron contamination in radiotherapy processes: a review study
Authors: Banaee Nooshin , Goodarzi Kiarash , Nedaie Hassan Ali 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Using high-energy photon beams is one of the most practical methods in radiotherapy treatment of cases in deep site located tumors. In such treatments, neutron contamination induced through photoneutron interaction of high energy photons (&gt;8 MeV) with high Z materials of LINAC structures is the most crucial issue which should be considered. Generated neutrons will affect shielding calculations and cause extra doses to the patient and the probability of increase induced secondary cancer risks. In this study, different parameters of neutron production in radiotherapy processes will be reviewed.
Biogenic volatile organic compounds in the grapevine response to pathogens, beneficial microorganisms, resistance inducers, and abiotic factors
Authors: Lazazzara Valentina , Avesani Sara , Robatscher Peter , Oberhuber Michael , Pertot Ilaria , Schuhmacher Rainer , Perazzolli Michele 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe synthesis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in plants is triggered in response to external stimuli, and these compounds can migrate to distal tissues and neighbouring receivers. Although grapevine VOCs responsible for wine aroma and plant–insect communications are well characterized, functional properties of VOCs produced in response to phytopathogens, beneficial microorganisms, resistance inducers, and abiotic factors have been less studied. In this review, we focused on the emission patterns and potential biological functions of VOCs produced by grapevines in response to stimuli. Specific grapevine VOCs are emitted in response to the exogenous stimulus, suggesting their precise involvement in plant defence response. VOCs with inhibitory activities against pathogens and responsible for plant resistance induction are reported, and some of them can also be used as biomarkers of grapevine resistance. Likewise, VOCs produced in response to beneficial microorganisms and environmental factors are possible mediators of grapevine–microbe communications and abiotic stress tolerance. Although further functional studies may improve our knowledge, the existing literature suggests that VOCs have an underestimated potential application as pathogen inhibitors, resistance inducers against biotic or abiotic stresses, signalling molecules, membrane stabilizers, and modulators of reactive oxygen species. VOC patterns could also be used to screen for resistant traits or to monitor the plant physiological status.
Samantha Thimmaya v Lancashire NHS Foundation Trust v Mr Firas Jamil
Authors: Stanton Catherine 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In Samantha Thimmaya v Lancashire NHS Trust v Mr Firas Jamal (Thimmaya), Mr Jamil, an expert witness acting for the Claimant in a clinical negligence action, was ordered to pay part of the Defendant’s costs, amounting to over £88,000. The court determined that his conduct as an expert had been ‘improper, unreasonable, or negligent’, thus enabling the court to make a third-party costs order against him. Although the case must have raised alarm amongst medical experts, the facts of the case show that it concerned a very unusual set of circumstances. Additionally, the more recent case of Walker and Walker v Tui UK Ltd v Dr Timothy Leigh (Walker), also discussed below, suggests that the threshold to be applied in determining whether costs orders should be made against experts will be higher than that applied in Thimmaya. Both cases serve as a reminder of the duties owed by experts to the court.
Linear spectropolarimetric analysis of fairall 9 with VLT/FORS2
Authors: Jiang Bo-Wei , Marziani Paola , Savić Đorđe , Shablovinskaya Elena , Popović Luka Č , Afanasiev Victor L , Czerny Bożena , Wang Jian-Min , del Olmo Ascensión , D’Onofrio Mauro , Śniegowska Marzena , Mazzei Paola , Panda Swayamtrupta 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
The quasar main sequence appears to be an incredibly powerful tool to organize the diversity in large samples of type-1 quasars but the most important physical parameters governing it are still unclear. Here, we investigate the origin of the broadening and of a defining feature of Population B sources: a strong redward asymmetry of the Balmer emission lines. We focus on a prototypical source, Fairall 9. Spectropolarimetric data of the Fairall 9 broad H β and H α profiles allowed for a view of the geometric and dynamical complexity of the line emitting regions. Measurements (1) provided evidence of rotational motion; (2) were helpful to test the presence of polar and equatorial scatterers, and their association with non-virial motions. However, we suggest that the polarization properties appear to be more consistent with a warped disc geometry induced by Lense–Thirring precession.
The nucleation fraction of local volume galaxies
Authors: Hoyer Nils , Neumayer Nadine , Georgiev Iskren Y , Seth Anil C , Greene Jenny E 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
Nuclear star clusters (NSCs) are a common phenomenon in galaxy centres and are found in a vast majority of galaxies of intermediate stellar mass $\approx 10^9\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$. Recent investigations suggest that they are rarely found in the least and most massive galaxies and that the nucleation fraction increases in dense environments. It is unclear whether this trend holds true for field galaxies due to the limited data currently available. Here we present our results on the nucleation fraction for 601 galaxies in the Local Volume ($\lesssim {12}{\, \mathrm{Mpc}}$). Covering more than eight orders of magnitude in stellar mass, this is the largest sample of galaxies analysed in a low-density environment. Within the Local Volume sample we find a strong dependence of the nucleation fraction on galaxy stellar mass, in agreement with previous work. We also find that for galaxies with $M_{\star } \lt 10^{9}\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$, early-type galaxies have a higher nucleation fraction than late-types. The nucleation fraction in the Local Volume correlates independently with stellar mass, Hubble type, and local environmental density. We compare our data to those in galaxy cluster environments (Coma, Fornax, and Virgo) by compiling previous results and calculating stellar masses in a homogeneous way. We find significantly lower nucleation fractions (up to 40 per cent) in galaxies with $M_{\star } \lesssim 10^{9.5}\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$, in agreement with previous work. Our results reinforce the connection between globular clusters and NSCs, but it remains unclear if it can explain the observed trends with Hubble type and local environment. We speculate that correlation between the nucleation fraction and cluster environment weakens for the densest clusters like Coma and Virgo.