bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trauma admissions among victims of domestic violence at a tertiary care hospital in north-western Tanzania: an urgent call to action
Authors: Chalya Phillipo L. , Massinde Anthony N. , Kihunrwa Albert , Kayange Neema M , Hauli Kiyeti A. , Kapesa Anthony , Ngallaba Sospatro E. , Mweteni Wemaeli , Gilyoma Japhet M. 
Published: June 2021

Background: Despite the growing recognition of domestic violence as a public health and human rights concern, it remains rampant in developing countries and has a negative impact on the victim’s health. This study describes the injury characteristics and treatment outcome of trauma associated with domestic violence in north-western Tanzania.Methods: This was a descriptive prospective study of patients who were managed for domestic violence related trauma at Bugando Medical Centre in Mwanza, Tanzania from April 2009 to March 2014.Results: A total of 324 patients (M: F = 1: 10.6) were studied. Majority of the patients were in the second and third decades of life. The perpetrators were mainly husbands and ex-partners (55.5%). Suspecting sexual partner being unfaithful was the most common reason given by victims for domestic violence in 63.4% of cases. Blunt and sharp objects (56.8%) were the most common weapons used. Gunshot injuries were recorded in 0.6% of cases. The head/neck was commonly affected in 68.5%. Soft tissue injuries (77.8%) were the most frequent type of injuries. The majority of patients (65.4%) sustained mild injuries. Twenty-three (7.1%) patients were HIV positive. Surgical treatment was performed in only 34.6% of cases. Complication rate was 26.8%. The median hospital stay was 12 days. Mortality rate was 6.5%. The main predictors of mortality were advanced age (> 60 years), late presentation, severity of injury, severe head injury, HIV seropositivity, low CD 4 count (<200 cells), surgical site infection (p<0.001). More than two-thirds of patients were lost to follow up.Conclusion: Domestic violence related trauma remains rampant in northwestern Tanzania and contributes significantly to high morbidity and mortality. Urgent preventive measures targeting at reducing the occurrence of domestic physical violence is necessary to reduce the morbidity and mortality resulting from these injuries.
Prevalence and intensity of Schistosoma mansoni and hookworm infections among pre-school and school-aged children in Ilemela District, north-western Tanzania
Authors: Ndokeji Samuel D. , Mazigo Humphrey D. , Temu Mansuet , Kishamawe Coleman , Malenganisho Wabyahe , Todd Jim , Changalucha John 
Published: June 2021

Background: World Health Organization have recently recommended the inclusion of pre-school children in the Mass Drug Administration (MDA) against schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminths in endemic areas. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and intensity of Schistosoma mansoni and hookworm infections among pre- and school going children in Ilemela District, north-western Tanzania.Methods: This cross-sectional study included pre- and school going children aged 4-14 years. A single stool sample was collected from each child and processed using Kato Katz thick smears and examined microscopically for presence of S. mansoni and hookworm eggs. A questionnaire was used to collect demographic information of the study participants.Results: Overall, prevalence of S. mansoni was 80.0%; with pre-school children aged 4-6 years having the point prevalence of 60.6%. The overall prevalence of hookworm infection was 18.7%; with age group 4-6 years having the prevalence of 14.1%. The intensity of hookworm infection was light in all age groups. The intensity of infection of S. mansoni increased with age. Using lake water for domestic purposes (OR=3.09, 95% CI: 1.93-4.95, p<0.001), for bathing (OR=2.65, 95% CI: 1.66-4.23, p<0.0001), and for washing purposes (OR=3.08, 95% CI: 1.90-4.97, p<0.0001) remained independently associated with S. mansoni infection. Children who reported to swim in the lake and involved in paddy farming had 1.84 and 1.95 times odds of being infected than those who did not, respectively.Conclusion: These findings indicate that S. mansoni and hookworm infections are common among pre-school children as well as in school going children. These findings call for the need to urgently include the pre-school age children the MDSA programme.
Knowledge and utilization of preventive measures in the control of neonatal malaria in south-eastern Nigeria
Authors: Chukwuocha Uchechukwu M. , Nwakwuo Geoffrey C. , Alinnor Lawrence O. 
Published: June 2021

Background: The burden of neonatal malaria remains a major public health problem in Nigeria receiving less attention. Knowledge and awareness of preventive measures of neonatal malaria is still very low. This study aimed at assessing the Knowledge and utilization of preventive measures in the control of neonatal malaria in South-eastern Nigeria.Methods: Structured pretested questionnaires were used to collect data from 230 consenting pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in the Federal Medical Centre, Owerri, Nigeria. These women were followed up until delivery and blood samples were taken from their new born for malaria parasite tests. Using SPSS, qualitative variables were summarized with proportions and chi-square test was used to investigate associations between qualitative variables.Results: There was high level of awareness on the use of malaria preventive measures by pregnant women in the control of neonatal malaria. A significant relationship between the use of malaria preventive measures and neonatal malaria was also shown. Over three-quarters (79.7%) of women had knowledge of malaria preventive measures during pregnancy. Use of anti-malarial prophylaxis (91.8%) followed by the use of insecticide treated nets (ITNs) (49.5%) were practiced. ITNs were less (19.6%) used during pregnancy. Most of them (57.8%) received single dose of intermittent preventive treatment (IPT) using sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine during pregnancy, while 37% received two doses of IPT.Conclusion: More effort need to be made and support provided to women during pregnancy to encourage usage of preventive measures. There is also need to develop a health promotion package to eliminate factors discouraging the use of specific preventive measures like IPTp and ITNs.
Infant and young child feeding practices on Unguja Island in Zanzibar, Tanzania: a ProPAN based analysis
Authors: Kinabo Joyce L. , Mwanri Akwilina W. , Mamiro Peter S. , Kulwa Kissa , Bundala Nyamizi H. , Picado Janeth , Msuya John , Ntwenya Julius , Nombo Aneth , Mzimbiri Rehema , Ally Fatma S. , Salmini Asha Hassan , Macha Elizabeth , Cheung Edith 
Published: June 2021

Background: Undernutrition in children has remained a challenge despite the success achieved in reduction of other childhood diseases in Zanzibar. Most empirical studies on infants and young child feeding (IYCF) have examined nutritional value of foods fed to the children in terms of energy and micronutrient content. Little is known on the role of culture, traditions and social norms in influencing IYCF practices. This study aimed at assessing the existing IYCF practices and socio-cultural factors influencing these practises using ProPAN tool to get an in-depth understanding of the mothers’ practices with respect to exclusive breastfeeding and infant and young child feeding.Methods: A cross sectional study involving mothers/caregivers was conducted using semi-structured interviews and opportunistic observations on Unguja Island, Zanzibar. A random selection of 36 Shehias and 213 households with children 0 – 23 months old was done proportional-to-size of Shehias and children. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected using the ProPAN tool and embedded software for analyses.Results: A total of 213 of mothers/caregivers were involved in the study. Almost all new-borns were fed colostrum (96%). Proportion of mothers who initiated breastfeeding within one hour after giving birth was 63%. About 24% of the women practiced exclusive breastfeeding and 21% of the children were given pre-lacteal feeds 2-3 days after birth. The mean age of introduction of complementary foods was four months. Responsive feeding was not practiced by some mothers as 31% of the children 12-23 months of age were left to eat alone without any support from caregivers. The common reasons for non-adherence to the recommended feeding practices were related to income and socio-cultural norms which are strong in the community and supported by other family members.Conclusion: Infant and young child feeding in Unguja was suboptimal. Inadequate care practices, use of pre-lacteals, early introduction of complementary foods, low rate of exclusive breastfeeding and low meal frequency were among the common practices. The main causes of the observed feeding practice were related to socio-cultural norms and beliefs. There is a need to strengthen IYCF education into the antenatal clinic regime.
Haematological profile of healthy adult blood donors in Mwanza, Tanzania
Authors: Faya Ally , Charles Mwesige , Sembajwe Larry Fred , Dika Haruna I. 
Published: June 2021

Background: While it is customary to apply the same haematological reference ranges, variations exist between populations. This study was conducted to determine hematologic profiles among a local population of north-western Tanzania.Methods: This was a cross sectional study, which enrolled healthy adult blood donors in Mwanza, Tanzania. Collected blood samples were put in EDTA-coated tubes and haematological indices were determined using Auto Hematology-Analyzer. Results are summarized in medians plus 95% interquartile ranges and compared using either Mann–Whitney U or Kruskal–Wallis tests depending on appropriateness.Results: A total of 163 (143 males and 20 females) adult healthy blood donors (median age= 31 years) were enrolled. We found a median haemoglobin level of 15.1 g/dL [10.5-23.8], erythrocytes of 5.3x106/µL [4.1-8.3 x106], haematocrit of 44.0 % [32.4-71.4], total leucocytes of 4300 cells/μL [1700-8500], lymphocytes 1700/μL [800-3000], neutrophils 2100/μL [300-5300]; mid-sized cells (monocytes, eosinophils and basophils) of 400/μL [100-1400] and platelets of 194x103/μL [55.2-379.0 x103]. We observed significantly higher haemoglobin level (P = 0.017) as well as erythrocytes (P = 0.012) and haematocrit (p = 0.006) among males than females. Conclusion: The percentile range (2.5%-97.5%) which can be used to determine the higher and lower values of haematological profile normal ranges for most indices differ from Western adopted reference values. Therefore, we recommend a large study to establish local normal hematologic reference values.
Post-HIV vaccine trials’ misperception and associated factors among participating communities in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Authors: Tarimo Edith Andrew Mroso , Moshiro Candida , Ambikile Joel , Munseri Patricia , Bakari Muhammad , Matola Ezekiel , Mangara Hamisa , Mbunda Theodora , Ngatoluwa Mary , Pallangyo Kisali 
Published: June 2021

Background: Despite the successful conduct of three Phase I/II HIV vaccine trials in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, misperception around the trials has been reported. In this study, misperception means incorrect understanding that in Phase I/II HIV vaccine trial, the researchers infected the volunteers with HIV. We describe the magnitude of misperception around HIV vaccine trials and associated factors among participating communities in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study that included 605 respondents aged ³18 years from the communities that participated in Phase I/II HIV vaccine trials. These communities comprised of youths, Police and Prison officers. Respondents were interviewed using a pre-tested questionnaire on socio-demographic characteristics, HIV knowledge, and responses to HIV vaccine trial related questions.
Results: Of the 605 respondents, 156 (26%) had misperception that the researchers infected the volunteers with HIV during the trials, while 58% weren’t sure whether the researchers infected the volunteers with the HIV or not. Awareness about progress in HIV vaccine development (adjusted risk ratio (RR)=1.50; 95% CI=1.11 – 2.04), participation in an HIV vaccine sensitization meeting (adjusted RR=1.50; 95% CI=1.14-1.97) and advanced secondary education (adjusted RR=1.92; 95% CI=1.19 – 3.09) were associated with an increased likelihood of having the misperception that researchers infected the volunteers. Nevertheless, the majority (94.5%) of respondents showed a willingness to know more about ongoing HIV vaccine studies while about 44.3% had reservations of taking part in HIV vaccine trials due to fear of getting HIV from the vaccine.
Conclusions: The misperception that researchers infected volunteers with HIV in Phase I/II trial is significant and was associated with respondents’ awareness about HIV vaccine development, participation in sensitization meetings and advanced education. Partial knowledge about HIV vaccine trials was of note. Future HIV vaccine trials should strive to address the knowledge gap.
Etiology, pattern and outcome of management of facial lacerations in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Authors: Sohal Karpal Singh , Moshy Jeremiah Robert 
Published: June 2021

Background: Facial laceration is amongst the commonly encountered soft tissue injury in the care of the traumatized patients, and its optimal treatment is important for minimizing subsequent complications. This study aimed at determining the etiology, pattern, and outcome of management of facial lacerations among patients attended at Muhimbili National Hospital, Tanzania.
Methods: This was a four months’ prospective study of all consecutive patients with facial lacerations who were attended in the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery of the Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH). The variables examined included socio-demographic characteristics, etiology of a facial laceration, prior management before referral to MNH, and the outcome of treatment. The data were analysed using IBM SPSS statistics for windows version 22 (Armonk, NY: IBM Corp) software.
Results: Seventy-six patients with facial lacerations were included in the study. The male to female ratio was 8:1. The age of the patients ranged from 16 to 57 years, with a mean age of 31.63 ± 10.02 years. Motor traffic crashes (51, 67.1%), violence (18, 23.7%) and falls (7, 9.2%) were the etiological factors. The commonest affected facial esthetic zones were forehead (25, 32.9%), and the upper lip (24, 31.6%). The majority (60%) of wounds that were sutured/repaired in other health facilities prior to referral to MNH had a poor approximation of wound edges. Scarring was the commonest complication.
Conclusion: Facial laceration affected males eight times more than females. Road traffic crash was the most common etiological factor. The forehead was the most frequently affected facial esthetic zone. The majority of patients treated in other health facilities prior to referral to a tertiary hospital had poorly approximated wound edges. Scarring was the most common complication of facial lacerations.
Contributions of the lay workers in providing home-based treatment adherence support to patients with advanced HIV/AIDS disease in low-income settings: Lessons learned from the field in Tanzania and Zambia
Authors: Kimaro Godfather Dickson , Bottomley Christian , Kahwa Amos , Guinness Lorna , Kivuyo Sokoine , Simms Victoria , Ngowi Bernard , Chanda Duncan , Jaffar Shabbar , Mfinanga Godfrey S. Mfinanga Sayoki 
Published: June 2021

Introduction: In 2018, there were appropriately 20.6 million [18.2 million–23.2 million] people living with HIV in Eastern and Southern Africa, and an estimated 67% of them were on antiretroviral therapy (ART). A major challenge in the scale-up of ART services in Sub-Saharan Africa is the severe shortage of clinical staff.
Methods: We conducted a randomised trial in Tanzania and Zambia to test an innovative intervention that involved the use of lay health workers and screening for cryptococcal meningitis and tuberculosis. Here we describe the model of care with a particular focus on the trained lay worker component. Lay workers carried out home visits to patients in the intervention arm to deliver antiretroviral drugs, provide adherence counselling, and conduct simple monitoring for treatment side effects and other medical conditions. Lay workers were responsible for referring patients with conditions that might require further medical attention as well as discouraging self-referral. A total of 1999 participants were enrolled in the trial. Lay workers were recruited through public advertisements.
Results: Six lay workers were recruited in each country and trained for two weeks. Each lay worker was paid a monthly salary of US$ 487.61 in Zambia and US$ 524.61in Tanzania. They were also paid communication and transport expenses for home visits. The median number of visits per patient was 3 for Tanzania and 4 for Zambia. On average a lay worker was responsible for 72.3 patients in Tanzania and 94.5 in Zambia for 1 year. Referrals were made in 9% of the home visits and self-referral was discouraged in 64% of visits.
Conclusion: The use of paid lay workers to provide HIV/AIDS services in urban settings where there is a shortage of clinical staff may help to identify ART related side effects/adverse reactions and prevent unnecessary referrals.
PENGARUH KADAR BESTMITTEL PADA ADUKAN BETON SERAT BENDERAT 2% TERHADAP PERCEPATAN KEKUATAN BETON NORMAL DENGAN FAS 0.4 %
Authors: Nurokhman Nurokhman 
Published: June 2021

Beton serat saat telah banyak dikembangakan dalam menunjang kinerja kekuatan beton untuk meningkatkan daktilitas . Bebrapa serat telah dilakukan penelitian, satah satunya serat bendrat. Dalam pelaksanaan pekerjaan upaya untuk mempercepat kekuatan adukan beton dilakukan penambahan additif.
Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan kadar additif bestmittle pada adukan beton serat 2% pada faktor air semen 0,4%.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penambahan kadar bestmettel pada beton serat 2% ada kecenderungan makin naik kuat tekannya dan maksimal dicapai pada kadar 3% sebesar 28,60 MPa atau lebih tinggi 108,497% dari beton normal pada umur 7 hari. Sedangkan pada umur 14 hari kuat tekan mencapai 33,06 MPa atau lebih tinggi 125,132% dari beton normal. Kuat lentur pada umur 7 hari mengalami kenaikan kuat lentur maksimal pada variasi benda uji 0,3% sebesar 5,664 MPa atau lebih tinggi 105,142% dari beton normal dan pada umur 14 hari mencapai 5,857 MPa atau lebih tinggi 105,798% dari beton normal. Kesetaraan kuat tekan pada umur 28 hari 0% sebesar 30,022 MPa dapat dicapai pada umur kurang dari 14 hari dengan penambahan variasi bestmittel 0,3% yaitu 33,06 MPa. Perlu dikaji lebih lanjut tentang beton dengan penambahanbahan kimia dengan jenis yang berbeda karena baru dikaji dari segi bestmittelnya.
PENGARUH SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA TERHADAP PENGENDALIAN MUTU JALAN (Studi kasus di Propinsi DIY)
Authors: Machfudiyanto Rossy 
Published: June 2021

Pengendalian mutu jalan dalam kaitannya dengan pengaruh sumber daya manusia yang ada, sangat membutuhkan perilaku manusia dalam kaitannya dengan berbagai situasi di lingkungan jalan. Variabel pengaruh dalam penelitian ini meliputi tingkat pendidikan, jenis kelamin, umur, tingkat pendidikan non formal, potensi, kompetensi, perilaku, latihan, kedisiplinan, kesehatan dan pengalaman kerja.
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bobot prioritas variabel-variabel pengaruh yang mempengaruhi sumber daya manusia dalam mengendalikan mutu jalan yang meliputi pembangunan, peningkatan dan pemeliharaan jalan. Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer yang diperoleh dari hasil survai. Survai dilakukan dengan metode kuesioner yang disebarkan oleh para ahli yang berkompeten di bidang pengendalian mutui jalan.
Penelitian ini menggunakan dua metode yaitu dengan metode Analisis Faktor dan metode AHP. Untuk metode Analisis Faktor bertujuan untuk mereduksi variabel pengaruh SDM yang terbentuk. Hasil penelitian diperoleh dari sebelas variabel pengaruh SDM yang terbentuk yang kemudian diseleksi menggunakan metode Analisis Faktor didapatkan sembilan variabel pengaruh SDM terseleksi yang telah dikelompokkan menjadi tiga faktor yaitu pendidikan formal, perilaku pengalaman kerja.
Hasil penelitian dengan metode AHP diperoleh bobot prioritas masing-masing kriteria terhadap tujuan SDM untuk mengendalikan mutu jalan yaitu Pendidikan formal = 32,9 %, Perilaku = 27,7 %, Pengalaman kerja = 39,4 %. Pembobotan alternatif dalam pengendalian mutu jalan yang meliputi pembangunan jalan, peningkatan jalan, pemeliharaan jalan ditinjau dari variabel pengaruh SDM yang terseleksi diperoleh hasil yang hampir sama akan tetapi bobot prioritas yang terbesar terdapat pada pembangunan jalan sebesar 34,5% diikuti dengan peningkatan jalan sebesar 33,3% dan pemeliharaan jalan sebesar 32,2%.
Bilimsel yayının hakem değerlendirme sürecinde karşılaşılan yeni bir etik ihlal örneği
Authors: AKYILDIZ Deniz 
Published: June 2021

Sayın editör,
çalışmam editöre mektup türünden olduğu için özet kısmını yazmadım.
Saygılarımla.
Serebral Palsili Çocuklarda Ortez Kullanımı ile İlgili Fonksiyonel Seviyenin İncelenmesi
Authors: DOĞAN Halis , ERODABAŞI Özlem 
Published: June 2021

Amaç: Serebral palsili (SP) çocuklarda ortez kullanımı hakkında bilgi edinmek ve ortez kullanımının motor fonksiyon düzeyleriyle ilişkisini değerlendirmekti.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya 2-18 yaş arası 86 SP’li çocuk dahil edildi. Çocukların spastisiteleri Modifiye Asworth Skalası (MAS) ile fonksiyonel seviyeleri Kaba Motor Fonksiyon Sınıflama Sistemi (KMFSS) ile değerlendirildi. Sosyo-demografik özellikleri ve ortez kullanımı sorgulandı.
Bulgular: 86 katılımcının 51’i (%59,30) ortez kullanmaktaydı. Ortez kullanan 51 katılımcıdan 50’sinin alt ekstremite ortezleri (%98) kullandığı, bunların 30’unun (%58,80) ayak-ayakbilek ortezi (AFO) kullandıkları tespit edildi. 26 katılımcının (% 51) mobilizasyona katkı için ortez kullandığı tespit edildi. KMFSS düzeyleri ve bedensel engel düzeylerinin, ortez kullanımı ve ortezin fonksiyonelliğe katkısı üzerinde; spastisite düzeylerinin ortez kullanımı üzerinde; SP’nin tutulum şeklinin ortezin fonksiyonelliğe katkısı üzerindeki etkisi istatistiksel olarak anlamlı tespit edildi (p
CINEMA E GEOGRAFIA: O FILME COMO INSTRUMENTO DIDÁTICO NO ENSINO DE GEOGRAFIA
Authors: Messias Renata Michele , Bezerra Josué Alencar 
Published: June 2021

Neste trabalho discutimos a relação entre cinema e Geografia e suas colaborações como instrumento didático-pedagógico no ensino da disciplina. Destacamos as principais contribuições e eventuais problemas a serem resolvidos na utilização de filmes em sala de aula. Cogitamos ser este um recurso didático-pedagógico com grandes potencialidades e contribuições para o processo de ensino-aprendizagem e de formação crítica dos sujeitos, mas que ainda encontra resistência para adentrar no ambiente escolar ocasionadas pelo seu mau uso. Autores como Duarte (2009), Holleben (2007), Napolitano (2015) e Barbosa (2004) foram fundamentais como aporte teórico para compreendermos a importância da relação entre o filme e o ensino de Geografia. Esta pesquisa seguiu os procedimentos com um estudo de caso nas turmas do 6° A e 9° ano da Escola Municipal Abraão Cavalcante Bessa, localizada no município de Taboleiro Grande (RN), para investigar se o filme é um instrumento usado na escola, na disciplina de Geografia, e quais os resultados alcançados com a sua utilização. O trabalho propõe a indicação de alguns filmes que possam ser trabalhados nas séries investigadas, utilizando os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais (PCN’s) de Geografia como referência para identificar os temas para o ensino desta disciplina no terceiro e quarto ciclos do Ensino Fundamental.