bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
InDrone: a 2D-based drone flight behavior visualization platform for indoor building inspection
Authors: Eiris Ricardo , Albeaino Gilles , Gheisari Masoud , Benda William , Faris Randi 
Published: April 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to explore how to visually represent human decision-making processes during the performance of indoor building inspection flight operations using drones.Design/methodology/approachData from expert pilots were collected using a virtual reality drone flight simulator. The expert pilot data were studied to inform the development of an interactive 2D representation of drone flight spatial and temporal data – InDrone. Within the InDrone platform, expert pilot data were visually encoded to characterize key pilot behaviors in terms of pilots' approaches to view and difficulties encountered while detecting the inspection markers. The InDrone platform was evaluated using a user-center experimental methodology focusing on two metrics: (1) how novice pilots understood the flight approaches and difficulties contained within InDrone and (2) the perceived usability of the InDrone platform.FindingsThe results of the study indicated that novice pilots recognized inspection markers and difficult-to-inspect building areas in 63% (STD = 48%) and 75% (STD = 35%) of the time on average, respectively. Overall, the usability of InDrone presented high scores as demonstrated by the novice pilots during the flight pattern recognition tasks with a mean score of 77% (STD = 15%).Originality/valueThis research contributes to the definition of visual affordances that support the communication of human decision-making during drone indoor building inspection flight operations. The developed InDrone platform highlights the necessity of defining visual affordances to explore drone flight spatial and temporal data for indoor building inspections.
Prospects, determinants and profitability of aquaculture insurance among fish farmers in the Eastern Region of Ghana
Authors: Mensah Nicholas Oppong , Amrago Ernest Christlieb , Mensah Emmanuel T.D. , Asare Jeffery Kofi , Anang Samuel Afotey 
Published: April 2021

PurposeAquaculture insurance has the potential of redressing climate-change because it serves as an alternative source of finance in the event of unforeseen circumstances. To this end, the authors examine the prospects, determinants and profitability of aquaculture insurance among fish farmers in the Eastern region of Ghana.Design/methodology/approachA total of 140 fish farmers were sampled for the study. Thematic analysis was used to determine perceived aquaculture insurance prospects. The Heckman's two-stage model, profitability index (PI) and return on investment (ROI) was employed to respectively determine the factors influencing aquaculture insurance participation and amount intensity and the profitability of aquaculture.FindingsThe thematic analysis revealed three themes on the perception of aquaculture insurance prospects: loss recovery, farm renovation and promotes agriculture. Different sets of demographic and institutional factors have varying influences on aquaculture insurance participation and amount intensity. Profitability index (PI) and return on investment (ROI) were respectively 2.07 and 3.2%.Originality/valueThe research provides relevant information on perceived aquaculture insurance prospects, aquaculture insurance participation, and amount intensity and profitability of aquaculture which can contribute to enhancing aquaculture insurance and the aquaculture industry in Ghana.
A novel methoxydotrophic metabolism discovered in the hyperthermophilic archaeon Archaeoglobus fulgidus
Authors: Welte Cornelia U. , de Graaf Rob , Dalcin Martins Paula , Jansen Robert S. , Jetten Mike S. M. , Kurth Julia M. 
Published: April 2021

SummaryMethoxylated aromatic compounds (MACs) are important components of lignin found in significant amounts in the subsurface. Recently, the methanogenic archaeon Methermicoccus shengliensis was shown to be able to use a variety of MACs during methoxydotrophic growth. After a molecular survey, we found that the hyperthermophilic non‐methanogenic archaeon Archaeoglobus fulgidus also encodes genes for a bacterial‐like demethoxylation system. In this study, we performed growth and metabolite analysis, and used transcriptomics to investigate the response of A. fulgidus during growth on MACs in comparison to growth on lactate. We observed that A. fulgidus converts MACs to their hydroxylated derivatives with CO2 as the main product and sulfate as electron acceptor. Furthermore, we could show that MACs improve the growth of A. fulgidus in the presence of organic substrates such as lactate. We also found evidence that other archaea such as Bathyarchaeota, Lokiarchaeota, Verstraetearchaeota, Korarchaeota, Helarchaeota and Nezhaarchaeota encode a demethoxylation system. In summary, we here describe the first non‐methanogenic archaeon with the ability to grow on MACs indicating that methoxydotrophic archaea might play a so far underestimated role in the global carbon cycle.
Mortality Inequality in England over the Past 20 Years*
Authors: Banks James , Cattan Sarah , Kraftman Lucy , Krutikova Sonya 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we study the evolution of age‐group‐ and gender‐specific mortality and mortality inequality in England between 2003 and 2016, by comparing small geographic areas ranked by deprivation and grouped into bins of similar population size. We show that across all age groups, but especially in the older age groups (65+), there has been a clear and significant reduction in rates of mortality since 2003. In spite of these improvements, we continue to see significant inequalities in mortality across most age groups in 2016 and evidence of rising inequalities among women in the 65+ and men in the 80+ age groups. Furthermore, we see a striking stalling of the downwards trend in mortality and mortality inequality observed between 2003 and 2010 during the years of economic austerity in the aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis in England between 2010 and 2016. Analysis of specific causes of death among adults aged 20–79 allows us to examine the drivers and dynamics of these trends in more depth, as well as to consider scope for, and types of, interventions that would be appropriate at different ages.
Agri‐ food Exports from Central‐ and Eastern‐European Member States of the European Union are Catching Up
Authors: Bojnec Štefan , Čechura Lukáš , Fałkowski Jan , Fertő Imre 
Published: April 2021

SummaryCountries from Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) that joined the European Union (EU) since May 2004 have recorded rapid increases in their agri‐food exports. While this increase in participation in international trade has been global, the CEE‐11 countries have mainly targeted the EU market. Poland, Hungary, Czechia and Romania are among those countries that have increased their agri‐food exports the most. We find that many CEE‐11 countries, especially Czechia and the Slovak Republic, Estonia, Hungary and Poland, have achieved their export expansion along the intensive margin, i.e. the expansion of average exports per existing product with existing trade partners. The extensive margin, i.e. an increase in the number of exported products with existing and new trade partners, along with a degree of product diversification in established markets was important for Lithuania, Romania and Estonia. We also note that in order to further benefit from an increased participation in trade, CEE countries need to switch from predominantly exporting traditional products towards penetrating more innovative product segments, along with new varieties of established products; and thus base their export expansion to a larger extent on the extensive margin.
Does drinking modify the relationship between men's gender‐inequitable attitudes and their perpetration of intimate partner violence? A meta‐analysis of surveys of men from seven countries in the Asia Pacific region
Authors: Laslett Anne‐Marie , Graham Kathryn , Wilson Ingrid M. , Kuntsche Sandra , Fulu Emma , Jewkes Rachel , Taft Angela 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackground and aimsAlthough men's alcohol misuse and less gender‐equitable attitudes have been identified as risks for perpetration of intimate partner violence (IPV), less is known about how men's gender‐equitable attitudes and drinking act together to increase risk of IPV. This study aimed to assess the independent relationships of lower gender‐equitable attitudes and drinking to perpetration of IPV and their interaction among men in seven countries.DesignSecondary analysis of the United Nations Multi‐Country Study on Men and Violence (UNMCS) and Nabilan Study databases consisting of (1) unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression to measure the association of perpetration of IPV with gender‐equitable men (GEM) scale score and regular heavy episodic drinking (RHED) and (2) meta‐analyses of prevalence and effect estimates adjusted for country‐level sites and countries.Setting and participantsA total of 9148 ever‐partnered 18–49‐year‐old men surveyed in 2011–15 from 18 sites in Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Sri Lanka and Timor Leste.MeasurementsThe outcome variable is reported perpetration of physical or sexual IPV in the previous year. Independent variables: GEM scale scores; RHED, defined as six or more drinks in one session at least monthly (compared with other drinkers and abstainers).FindingsPooled past‐year prevalence of perpetration of IPV was 13% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 9–16%]. GEM scores and RHED were independently associated with perpetration of IPV overall and in most sites. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) for perpetration of IPV with less equitable GEM scores were 1.07 (95% CI = 1.04, 1.09) and with RHED were 3.42 (95% CI = 2.43, 4.81). A significant interaction between GEM score and RHED (P = 0.001) indicated that RHED increased the relationship of less gender‐equitable attitudes and perpetration of IPV.ConclusionBoth gender‐inequitable attitudes and drinking appear to be associated with perpetration of intimate partner violence by men, with regular heavy episodic drinking increasing the likelihood of intimate partner violence among men with less equitable gender attitudes.
Is ethnic representation in an industrial cluster related to earnings of co‐ethnic employers and employees?
Authors: Fong Eric , Shu Binbin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOur study expands understanding of the ways in which ethnic embeddedness is related to the earnings of co‐ethnic members by exploring the relationship between ethnic representation in an industry cluster and the earnings of co‐ethnic employers and employees working there. Drawing from the 2011 Canadian Household Survey, our findings confirm the relationship. However, the relationship is different for employers and employees, and sometimes opposite. Specifically, a larger portion of Chinese ethnic economies in an industry cluster is negatively related to the earnings of Chinese employers, but is not related to the earnings of Chinese employees. A larger portion of employment niches in an industry cluster is negatively related to the earnings of Chinese employers, but positively related to the earnings of Chinese employees.
Distribution patterns of intramyocellular and extramyocellular fat by magnetic resonance imaging in subjects with diabetes, prediabetes and normoglycaemic controls
Authors: Kiefer Lena S. , Fabian Jana , Rospleszcz Susanne , Lorbeer Roberto , Machann Jürgen , Kraus Mareen S. , Roemer Frank , Rathmann Wolfgang , Meisinger Christa , Heier Margit , Nikolaou Konstantin , Peters Annette , Storz Corinna , Diallo Thierno D. , Schlett Christopher L. , Bamberg Fabian 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimTo evaluate the distribution of intramyocellular lipids (IMCLs) and extramyocellular lipids (EMCLs) as well as total fat content in abdominal skeletal muscle by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using a dedicated segmentation algorithm in subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D), prediabetes and normoglycaemic controls.Materials and MethodsSubjects from a population‐based cohort were classified with T2D, prediabetes or as normoglycaemic controls. Total myosteatosis, IMCLs and EMCLs were quantified by multiecho Dixon MRI as proton‐density fat‐fraction (in %) in abdominal skeletal muscle.ResultsAmong 337 included subjects (median age 56.0 [IQR: 49.0‐64.0] years, 56.4% males, median body mass index [BMI]: 27.2 kg/m2), 129 (38.3%) were classified with an impaired glucose metabolism (T2D: 49 [14.5%]; prediabetes: 80 [23.7%]). IMCLs were significantly higher than EMCLs in subjects without obesity (5.7% [IQR: 4.8%‐7.0%] vs. 4.1% [IQR: 2.7%‐5.8%], P < .001), whereas the amounts of IMCLs and EMCLs were shown to be equal and significantly higher in subjects with obesity (both 6.7%, P < .001). Subjects with prediabetes and T2D had significantly higher amounts of IMCLs and EMCLs compared with normoglycaemic controls (P < .001). In univariable analysis, prediabetes and T2D were significantly associated with both IMCLs (prediabetes: β: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.28‐1.24, P = .002; T2D: β: 1.56, 95% CI: 0.66‐2.47, P < .001) and EMCLs (prediabetes: β: 1.54, 95% CI: 0.56‐2.51, P = .002; T2D: β: 2.15, 95% CI: 1.33‐2.96, P < .001). After adjustment for age and gender, the association of IMCLs with prediabetes attenuated (P = 0.06), whereas for T2D, both IMCLs and EMCLs remained significantly and positively associated (P < .02).ConclusionThere are significant differences in the amount and distribution ratio of IMCLs and EMCLs between subjects with T2D, prediabetes and normoglycaemic controls. Therefore, these patterns of intramuscular fat distribution by MRI might serve as imaging biomarkers in both normal and impaired glucose metabolism.
Microbe‐mediated adaptation in plants
Authors: Petipas Renee H. , Geber Monica A. , Lau Jennifer A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractInteractions with microbial symbionts have yielded great macroevolutionary innovations across the tree of life, like the origins of chloroplasts and the mitochondrial powerhouses of eukaryotic cells. There is also increasing evidence that host‐associated microbiomes influence patterns of microevolutionary adaptation in plants and animals. Here we describe how microbes can facilitate adaptation in plants and how to test for and differentiate between the two main mechanisms by which microbes can produce adaptive responses in higher organisms: microbe‐mediated local adaptation and microbe‐mediated adaptive plasticity. Microbe‐mediated local adaptation is when local plant genotypes have higher fitness than foreign genotypes because of a genotype‐specific affiliation with locally beneficial microbes. Microbe‐mediated adaptive plasticity occurs when local plant phenotypes, elicited by either the microbial community or the non‐microbial environment, have higher fitness than foreign phenotypes as a result of interactions with locally beneficial microbes. These microbial effects on adaptation can be difficult to differentiate from traditional modes of adaptation but may be prevalent. Ignoring microbial effects may lead to erroneous conclusions about the traits and mechanisms underlying adaptation, hindering management decisions in conservation, restoration, and agriculture.
Net asset value discounts and premiums in the maritime shipping industry
Authors: Andrikopoulos Andreas , Merika Anna , Sigalas Christos 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper examines net asset value (NAV) discounts and premiums in the setting of the maritime shipping industry. We employ a qualitative study with equity analysts as well as a quantitative study with a unique panel data, to explore and empirically investigate, respectively, the reasons underpinning NAV discounts and premiums. Our findings suggest that deviations of market capitalisation from NAV are associated with firm‐specific factors, such as public maritime shipping companies’ capital structure, stock liquidity, fleet acquisition cost, operating performance, institutional ownership, cost of capital, corporate governance, dividend policy, and related party transactions.
Validation of questionnaire algorithm based on repeated open application testing with the constituents of fragrance mix II: the EDEN Fragrance Study
Authors: Bruze M. , Engfeldt M. , Elsner P. , Gonçalo M. , Naldi L. , Schuttelaar M.L.A. , Svedman C. , Svensson Å. , Ofenloch R. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn a European study on contact allergy in the general population, it has been hypothesized that the combination of contact allergy to a fragrance together with a history indicating dermatitis at exposure and thereafter subsequent avoidance of scented products implied a diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis.ObjectivesThe primary aim of this study was to validate this hypothesis/algorithm. The secondary aim was to investigate whether there was any association between the outcome of the recent repeated open application test (ROAT) and the patch test reactivity.MethodsOne hundred nine subjects with and without contact allergy to fragrance mix II (FM II) were recruited. Volunteers from six European dermatology clinics participated in the study including a patch test and a ROAT.ResultsTwenty‐four positive ROAT reactions were noted in total including 20 of those 32 with contact allergy to FM II. None of the volunteers reacted to the vehicle (P < 0.001). More individuals with a positive algorithm had positive ROATs when compared with those with a negative algorithm. However, the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.12). The lower the patch test concentration eliciting a positive test reaction, the more likely was a positive ROAT and the more likely that the positive ROAT appeared early during the investigative period.ConclusionsThe algorithm used in this study was not validated but it was indicated in this ROAT setup. The stronger the patch test reactivity the more likely was a positive ROAT and the more likely it was that the positive ROAT appeared early during the application period.
Current practices in nutrition management and disease incidence of common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)
Authors: Goodroe Anna , Wachtman Lynn , Benedict William , Allen‐Worthington Krystal , Bakker Jaco , Burns Monika , Diaz Leslie Lynn , Dick Edward , Dickerson Mary , Eliades Steven J. , Gonzalez Olga , Graf Dina‐Jo , Haroush Keren , Inoue Takashi , Izzi Jessica , Laudano Allison , Layne‐Colon Donna , Leblanc Mathias , Ludwig Brian , Mejia Andres , Miller Cory , Sarfaty Anna , Sosa Megan , Vallender Eric , Brown Celeste , Forney Larry , Schultz‐Darken Nancy , Colman Ricki , Power Michael , Capuano Saverio , Ross Corinna , Tardif Suzette 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundA survey was developed to characterize disease incidence, common pathology lesions, environmental characteristics, and nutrition programs within captive research marmoset colonies.MethodsSeventeen research facilities completed the electronic survey.ResultsNutritional management programs varied amongst research institutions housing marmosets; eight primary base diets were reported. The most common clinical syndromes reported were gastrointestinal disease (i.e. inflammatory bowel disease like disease, chronic lymphocytic enteritis, chronic malabsorption, chronic diarrhea), metabolic bone disease or fracture, infectious diarrhea, and oral disease (tooth root abscesses, gingivitis, tooth root resorption). The five most common pathology morphologic diagnoses were colitis, nephropathy/nephritis, enteritis, chronic lymphoplasmacytic enteritis, and cholecystitis. Obesity was more common (average 20% of a reporting institution's population) than thin body condition (average 5%).ConclusionsThrough review of current practices, we aim to inspire development of evidence‐based practices to standardize husbandry and nutrition practices for marmoset research colonies.
CRRT prescription and delivery of dose
Authors: Neyra Javier A. , Tolwani Ashita 
Published: April 2021

AbstractContinuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is the preferred modality of extracorporeal renal support for critically ill patients with acute kidney injury (AKI). The dose of CRRT is reported as effluent flow in ml/kg body weight per hour (ml/kg/h). Solid evidence supports that the delivered CRRT effluent dose for critically ill patients with AKI should be 20–25 ml/kg/h on average. To account for treatment interruptions and the natural decline in filter efficiency over time, it is recommended to prescribe 25–30 ml/kg/h of effluent dose. However, transient higher doses of CRRT in specific clinical scenarios may be needed to accommodate specific solute control needs of a particular patient at a given time. Consequently, there should be consideration of the potential adverse consequences of non‐selective clearance such as undesired antimicrobials and nutrients removal. In this manuscript, we provide a summary of evidence related to CRRT dose, practical aspects for its calculation at the time of prescribing CRRT, and considerations for addressing the expected gap between prescribed and delivered CRRT dose. We also provide a framework for monitoring and implementation of CRRT dose as a quality indicator of CRRT delivery.
Reason, Revelation, and Sceptical Argumentation in 12th‐ to 14th‐Century Byzantium
Authors: Greig Jonathan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn middle to late Byzantium, one finds dogmatic‐style sceptical arguments employed against human reason in relation to divine revelation, where revelation becomes the sole criterion of certain truth in contrast to reason. This argumentative strategy originates in early Christian authors, especially Clement of Alexandria (c. 150–215 CE) and Gregory Nazianzen (c. 329–390 CE), who maintain that revelation is the only domain of knowledge where certainty is possible. Given this, one finds two striking variations of this sceptical approach: a “mild” variant (represented by Clement), where knowledge derived from human reason admits partial access to truths manifested in revelation, if imperfect; and a “strict” variant (represented by Gregory), where knowledge derived from human reason does not admit any access to truths in revelation. This paper analyzes the three Byzantines, Nicholas of Methone (d. 1160/66 CE), Theodore Metochites (1270–1320 CE), and Gregory Palamas (1296–1357/59 CE), who each display certain tendencies toward these two “poles” in their respective epistemological positions on knowledge through reason and faith.