bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pustular psoriasis flare‐up in a patient with COVID‐19
Authors: Miladi Ronak , Janbakhsh Alireza , Babazadeh Arefeh , Aryanian Zeinab , Ebrahimpour Soheil , Barary Mohammad , Sio Terence T. , Wollina Uwe , Goldust Mohamad , Mohseni Afshar Zeinab 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe various cutaneous manifestations have lately appeared in the setting of COVID‐19. Psoriasis flare‐ups have been reported during a COVID‐19 infection.Case presentationWe present a case of a 32‐year‐old woman with COVID‐19 who presented with generalized pustular psoriasis. She received oral prednisolone, hydroxyzine, and topical clobetasol. The patient received follow‐up two weeks later and found that her lesions were favorably desquamating.MethodsThe PubMed, SCOPUS, and ISI Web of Science databases were thoroughly searched for English studies reporting psoriasis flare‐ups following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Ten case reports/series were included after screening.ConclusionsOur case report brings awareness to clinicians for the possible cutaneous manifestation of COVID‐19, which should be considered part of the differential diagnoses.
The efficacy and safety of 20% urea cream and 10% urea cream in the treatment of acanthosis nigricans in adolescents, a randomized comparative double‐blind study
Authors: Treesirichod Arucha , Chuenboonngarm Sorrawis , Kritsanaviparkporn Chawan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundAcanthosis nigricans is commonly associated with obesity. It is characterized by brown‐black skin thickening on the neck and the flexural areas. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of topical 20% urea cream compared to 10% urea cream in the treatment of acanthosis nigricans in adolescents.Material and MethodsA randomized comparative, double‐blind study was conducted on participants aged 12–18 years with acanthosis nigricans of the neck. Treatment efficacy was assessed via narrowband reflectance spectrophotometer, while the overall success rates at weeks 2, 4, and 8 were evaluated by the investigator‐ and participant‐assessed global evaluation scales.ResultsA total of 40 participants with acanthosis nigricans were enrolled and completed the study. Throughout the period of 8 weeks of treatment, 20% urea showed greater improvement of hyperpigmentation compared to 10% urea (p = 0.001), with 22.5 ± 11.9% and 10.7 ± 8.1% improvements, respectively. Findings from the overall global evaluation scales were consistent with the results from the narrowband reflectance spectrophotometer. Treatment with 10% urea and 20% urea was well‐tolerated without any local serious adverse reactions.ConclusionUrea cream improves neck hyperpigmentation associated with acanthosis nigricans in adolescents, in which the 20% concentration shows superior efficacy to the 10% concentration.
Survey of Australian general paediatricians regarding insulin initiation practices in children with new onset of type 1 diabetes
Authors: Coppin Brian , Hamood Nicola , Tan Felix , Scholar Matthew , Goss Peter 
Published: October 2021

AimAustralian and New Zealand (NZ) paediatric endocrinologists' and NZ general paediatricians' insulin initiation strategies for children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) was recently described. The aim of this study was to document the insulin initiation practices of Australian general paediatricians in newly diagnosed children with T1D.MethodsAn online survey was sent to Australian general paediatricians identified through the Australian Paediatric Society diabetes database.ResultsTwenty four general paediatricians participated on behalf of their Australian regional and metropolitan diabetes units managing 2059 patients. The diabetes units averaged 86 patients and all practices were multidisciplinary models of care. Intensive insulin therapy regimens were initiated at diagnosis for children age 2–10 years by 93% respondents compared with 73% Australian endocrinologists, 17% NZ endocrinologists and 36% NZ general paediatricians. Carbohydrate counting as part of flexible bolus dosing was usual practice for 83% of respondents, which was substantially more than Australian endocrinologists (63%), NZ endocrinologists (64%) and NZ general paediatricians (33%).ConclusionAlmost all Australian general paediatricians who completed the survey initiate intensive insulin therapy regimes with carbohydrate counting in newly diagnosed children with T1D, consistent with the 2018 evidence‐based recommendations of the International Society of Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes. A substantial proportion of children with T1D within Australia are managed by general paediatricians who tend to align with international peak body guidelines.
Chicken or egg: A dual diagnosis narrative
Authors: Cullen Oliver John , Norton Michael John 
Published: October 2021

Accessible SummaryWhat is known on the subject?

Dual diagnosis is a term used to describe persons who have a co‐occurring mental health and substance misuse disorders.

It is the cause of significant economic burden to health care, justice and educational systems.

It is well reported that to date dual diagnosis is under‐diagnosed and poorly treated within the confines of mental health services

What the paper adds to existing knowledge?

It demonstrates that the need for service reform where all services are equipped with the necessary tools required to adequately support a person with dual diagnosis.

What are the implications for mental health nursing?

The narrative provides a real‐life, candid description of how trauma in early childhood can cause significant challenges when one becomes older.

The narrative identifies the dangers of not diagnosing a dual diagnosis early, resulting in only treating half the presenting issues.

This narrative also offers hope to individuals in current distress, as well as for those supporting such individuals, as it clearly demonstrates that with the right supports and encouragement, recovery is possible.

AbstractIntroductionDual diagnosis describes when a person has two co‐occurring disorders. It is often difficult to diagnose and this can lead to prolonged suffering on behalf of the individual.AimTo provide a lived experience narrative of the early recovery journey of a person with a dual diagnosis.MethodThis aim was achieved through the use of a narrative based methodology.ResultsThe journey of life leading to a dual diagnosis and beyond is described under the following headings: Formative Years, Substance Misuse, When Life gives you Lemons, They Say Nothing lasts Forever, From the Ashes, Early Recovery and Luck or Fate?DiscussionThe narrative presented describes a first hand experience of the struggles leading to a dual diagnosis and how receiving the diagnosis has supported the recovery journey of the first author.
Multidimensional sleep health is associated with mental well‐being in Australian adults
Authors: Appleton Sarah L. , Melaku Yohannes Adama , Reynolds Amy C. , Gill Tiffany K. , de Batlle Jordi , Adams Robert J. 
Published: October 2021

SummaryThe few studies assessing the relationship between mental health and a multidimensional measure of sleep have been conducted in samples of almost exclusively women. In the present study, we therefore assessed associations of multidimensional sleep health with mental well‐being in Australian adults. A cross‐sectional, national online survey of sleep health was conducted in 2019 in 2,044 community dwelling adults aged 18–90 years. Composite scores of self‐reported healthy sleep were based on Ru‐SATED (R‐SATED) dimensions of satisfaction, alertness, timing, efficiency and duration scored 0 (never/rarely), 1 (sometimes) or 2 (usually/always), and regularity (social jet lag) was scored 0 (≥1 hr) or 1 (<1 hr). Mental well‐being was identified by a report of no problem on the EuroQol (European quality of life) five dimension five level scale (EQ‐5D‐5L) anxiety/depression scale, as well as absence of six chronic depressive symptoms. Ordinal logistic regression analyses determined associations of mental well‐being with sleep dimensions, and total R‐SATED (range 0–11) and SATED scores (0–10), adjusted for sociodemographic and health factors. In males and females, healthy categories of SATED dimensions (but not regularity) were associated with mental well‐being. A 1 unit increase in the total SATED score (mean [SD] 6.6 [2.1]) was associated with less problems on the EQ‐5D‐5L (odds ratio [OR] 1.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08–1.14) and fewer chronic depressive symptoms (OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.17–1.23). These estimates did not differ when the total R‐SATED score was considered. Sleep health promotion focussing solely on traditional messaging around healthy sleep duration may limit mental health gains. Rather, a more holistic approach to public health messaging to improve sleep health literacy may be beneficial for mental well‐being.
Understanding the association between sleep, shift work and COVID‐19 vaccine immune response efficacy: Protocol of the S‐CORE study
Authors: Lammers‐van der Holst Heidi M. , Lammers Gert Jan , van der Horst Gijsbertus T. J. , Chaves Inês , de Vries Rory D. , GeurtsvanKessel Corine H. , Koch Birgit , van der Kuy Hugo M. 
Published: October 2021

SummaryThis protocol describes an innovative study to investigate the relationship between sleep, shift work and the immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2; coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID‐19]) vaccination. As the COVID‐19 pandemic is a global crisis with devastating health, social and economic impacts, there is a pressing need for effective vaccination programmes. Previous influenza and hepatitis vaccination studies suggest that lack of sleep can negatively alter immune responsiveness, while circadian misalignment most likely may also play an important role in the immune response to vaccination. Our present study will be the first to address this question in actual shift workers and in relation to COVID‐19 vaccination. We hypothesise that the occurrence of recent night shifts and diminished sleep will negatively alter the immune response to vaccination in shift workers compared to dayworkers. We aim to recruit 50 shift workers and 50 dayworkers. Participants will receive an mRNA‐based vaccination, through the Dutch vaccination programme. To assess immune responsiveness, blood will be drawn at baseline (before first vaccination), 10 days after first vaccination, the day prior to the second vaccination; and 28 days, 6 and 12 months after the second vaccination. Actigraphy and daily sleep e‐diaries will be implemented for 7 days around each vaccination to assess sleep. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index will be used to monitor sleep in the long term. Optimising the efficacy of the COVID‐19 vaccines is of outmost importance and results of this study could provide insights to develop sleep and circadian‐based interventions to enhance vaccination immunity, and thereby improve global health.
Maternal and fetal outcomes of pregnancies complicated by acute hepatitis E and the impact of HIV status: A cross‐sectional study in Namibia
Authors: Heemelaar Steffie , Hangula Anna L. , Chipeio Melody L. , Josef Mirjam , Stekelenburg Jelle , van den Akker Thomas H. , Pischke Sven , Mackenzie Shonag B. P. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground & AimsNamibia has been suffering from an outbreak of hepatitis E genotype 2 since 2017. As nearly half of hepatitis E‐related deaths were among pregnant and postpartum women, we analysed maternal and fetal outcomes of pregnancies complicated by acute hepatitis E and assessed whether HIV‐status impacted on outcome.MethodsA retrospective cross‐sectional study was performed at Windhoek Hospital Complex. Pregnant and postpartum women, admitted between 13 October 2017 and 31 May 2019 with reactive IgM for Hepatitis E, were included. Outcomes were acute liver failure (ALF), maternal death, miscarriage, intra‐uterine fetal death and neonatal death. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated.ResultsSeventy women were included. ALF occurred in 28 (40.0%) of whom 13 died amounting to a case fatality rate of 18.6%. Sixteen women (22.9%) were HIV infected, compared to 16.8% among the general pregnant population (OR 1.47, 95% CI 0.84‐2.57, P = .17). ALF occurred in 4/5 (80%) HIV infected women not adherent to antiretroviral therapy compared to 1/8 (12.5%) women adherent to antiretroviral therapy (OR 28.0, 95% CI 1.4‐580.6). There were 10 miscarriages (14.3%), five intra‐uterine fetal deaths (7.1%) and four neonatal deaths (5.7%).ConclusionsOne in five pregnant women with Hepatitis E genotype 2 died, which is comparable to genotype 1 outbreaks. Despite small numbers, HIV infected women receiving antiretroviral therapy appear to be less likely to develop ALF in contrast with HIV infected women not on treatment. As there is currently no curative treatment, this phenomenon needs to be assessed in larger cohorts.
Little evidence for genetic variation associated with susceptibility to sea star wasting syndrome in the keystone species Pisaster ochraceus
Authors: Burton Andrea R. , Gravem Sarah A. , Barreto Felipe S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe keystone species Pisaster ochraceus suffered mass mortalities along the northeast Pacific Ocean from Sea Star Wasting Syndrome (SSWS) outbreaks in 2013–2016. SSWS causation remains of debate, leading to concerns as to whether outbreaks will continue to impact this species. Considering the apparent link between ocean temperature and SSWS, the future of this species and intertidal communities remains uncertain. Surveys of co‐occurring apparently normal and wasting P. ochraceus along the central Oregon coast in 2016 allowed us to address whether variation in disease status showed genetic variation that may be associated with differences in susceptibility to SSWS. We performed restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing (2bRAD‐seq) to genotype ~72,000 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci across apparently normal and wasting sea stars. Locus‐specific analyses of differentiation (FST) between disease‐status groups revealed no signal of genetic differences separating the two groups. Using a multivariate approach, we observed weak separation between the groups, but identified 18 SNP loci showing highest discriminatory power between the groups and scanned the genome annotation for linked genes. A total of 34 protein‐coding genes were found to be located within 15 kb (measured by linkage disequilibrium decay) of at least one of the 18 SNPs, and 30 of these genes had homologies to annotated protein databases. Our results suggest that the likelihood of developing SSWS symptoms does not have a strong genetic basis. The few genomic regions highlighted had only modest levels of differentiation, but the genes associated with these regions may form the basis for functional studies aiming to understand disease progression.
Microbial generalist or specialist: Intraspecific variation and dormancy potential matter
Authors: Xu Qicheng , Luo Gongwen , Guo Junjie , Xiao Yan , Zhang Fengge , Guo Shiwei , Ling Ning , Shen Qirong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMicrobial generalists and specialists coexist in the soil environment while having distinctive impacts on microbial community dynamics. In microbial ecology, the underlying mechanisms as to why a species is a generalist or a specialist remain ambiguous. Herein, we collected soils across a national scale and identified bacterial generalists and specialists according to niche breadth at the species level (OTU level), and the single‐nucleotide differences in each species were measured to investigate intraspecific variation (at zero‐radius OTU level). Compared with that of the specialists, the intraspecific variation of the generalists was much higher, which ensured their wider niche breadth and lower variability. The higher asynchrony and different niche preferences of conspecific individuals and the higher dormancy potential within the generalists further contributed to their stability in varying environments. Besides, generalists were less controlled by environmental filtering, which was indicated by the stronger signature of stochastic processes in their assembly, and had higher diversification and transition rates that allowed them to adapt to environmental changes to a greater extent than specialists. Overall, this study provides a new comprehensive understanding of the rules of assembly and the evolutionary roles of bacterial generalists and specialists. It also highlights the importance of intraspecific variation and the dormancy potential in the stability of species.
ZmMPK5 phosphorylates ZmNAC49 to enhance oxidative stress tolerance in maize
Authors: Xiang Yang , Bian Xiangli , Wei Tianhui , Yan Jingwei , Sun Xiujuan , Han Tong , Dong Baicheng , Zhang Gaofeng , Li Jing , Zhang Aying 
Published: October 2021

Summary

Mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MPK) is a critical regulator of the antioxidant defence system in response to various stimuli. However, how MPK directly and exactly regulates antioxidant enzyme activities is still unclear. Here, we demonstrated that a NAC transcription factor ZmNAC49 mediated the regulation of antioxidant enzyme activities by ZmMPK5.

ZmNAC49 expression is induced by oxidative stress. ZmNAC49 enhances oxidative stress tolerance in maize, and it also reduces superoxide anion generation and increases superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. A detailed study showed that ZmMPK5 directly interacts with and phosphorylates ZmNAC49 in vitro and in vivo. ZmMPK5 directly phosphorylates Thr‐26 in NAC subdomain A of ZmNAC49. Mutation at Thr‐26 of ZmNAC49 does not affect the interaction with ZmMPK5 and its subcellular localisation.

Further analysis found that ZmNAC49 activates the ZmSOD3 expression by directly binding to its promoter. ZmMPK5‐mediated ZmNAC49 phosphorylation improves its ability to bind to the ZmSOD3 promoter. Thr‐26 of ZmNAC49 is essential for its transcriptional activity. In addition, ZmSOD3 enhances oxidative stress tolerance in maize.

Our results show that phosphorylation of Thr‐26 in ZmNAC49 by ZmMPK5 increased its DNA‐binding activity to the ZmSOD3 promoter, enhanced SOD activity and thereby improved oxidative stress tolerance in maize.
Agricultural land‐use favours Mucoromycotinian, but not Glomeromycotinian, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi across ten biomes
Authors: Albornoz Felipe E. , Ryan Megan H. , Bending Gary D. , Hilton Sally , Dickie Ian A. , Gleeson Deirdre B. , Standish Rachel J. 
Published: October 2021

Summary

Globally, agricultural land‐use negatively affects soil biota that contribute to ecosystem functions such as nutrient cycling, yet arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are promoted as essential components of agroecosystems. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi include Glomeromycotinian AMF (G‐AMF) and the arbuscule‐producing fine root endophytes, recently re‐classified into the Endogonales order within Mucoromycotina. The correct classification of Mucoromycotinian AMF (M‐AMF) and the availability of new molecular tools can guide research to better the understanding of their diversity and ecology.

To investigate the impact on G‐AMF and M‐AMF of agricultural land‐use at a continental scale, we sampled DNA from paired farm and native sites across 10 Australian biomes.

Glomeromycotinian AMF were present in both native and farm sites in all biomes. Putative M‐AMF were favoured by farm sites, rare or absent in native sites, and almost entirely absent in tropical biomes. Temperature, rainfall, and soil pH were strong drivers of richness and community composition of both groups, and plant richness was an important mediator.

Both fungal groups occupy different, but overlapping, ecological niches, with M‐AMF thriving in temperate agricultural landscapes. Our findings invite exploration of the origin and spread of M‐AMF and continued efforts to resolve the phylogeny of this newly reclassified group of AMF.
Assemblages of excess and pleasures: The sociosexual uses of online and chemical technologies among men who have sex with men
Authors: Numer Matthew , Holmes Dave , Hammond Chad , Joy Phillip , Sinno Jad 
Published: October 2021

AbstractChemicals have penetrated everyday lives of men who have sex with men as never before, along with new online and mobile technologies used to seek pleasures and connections. Poststructuralist (including queer) explorations of these new intensities show how bodies exist in the form of (political) surfaces able to connect with other bodies and with other objects where they may find/create a function (e.g., reproduce or disrupt hegemonies). This federally funded netnographic study explored how a variety of chemicals such as recreational drugs, pharmaceuticals and steroids are contributing to the construction of gay, bisexual and other men having sex with men (GBMSM) communities and their interactions with idealized masculinities in the age of increasing technology. Five major thematic categories emerged from our analysis: (1) assembling bodies and technologies, (2) becoming orgiastic, (3) experiencing stigma, (4) becoming machinic and (5) negotiating practices. Our analysis explores how and why GBMSM pursue excesses of pleasure and connection through the assemblages they make with sexualized drug use, online platforms and other men.
The evidential value of research on cognitive training to change food‐related biases and unhealthy eating behavior: A systematic review and p‐curve analysis
Authors: Navas Juan F. , Verdejo‐García Antonio , Vadillo Miguel A. 
Published: October 2021

SummaryCognitive bias modification (CBM), which retrains implicit biases towards unhealthy foods, has been proposed as a promising adjunct to improve the efficacy of weight loss interventions. We conducted a systematic review of research on three CBM approaches (i.e., cue‐specific inhibitory control, approach bias modification, and attentional bias modification) for reducing unhealthy eating biases and behavior. We performed a p‐curve analysis to determine the evidential value of this research; this method is optimally suited to clarify whether published results reflect true effects or false positives due to publication and reporting biases. When considering all CBM approaches, our results suggested that the findings of CBM trials targeting unhealthy eating are unlikely to be false positives. However, only research on attentional bias modification reached acceptable levels of power. These results suggest that CBM interventions may be an effective strategy to enhance the efficacy of weight loss interventions. However, there is room for improvement in the methodological standards of this area of research, especially increasing the statistical power can help to fully clarify the clinical potential of CBM, and determine the role of potential moderators.
Interventions to support women with overweight or obesity or gestational diabetes mellitus to initiate and continue breastfeeding: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Reichental Zoe L. , O'Brien Victoria M. , O'Reilly Sharleen L. 
Published: October 2021

SummaryExclusive breastfeeding is recommended for the first 6 months of life and benefits both mother and child. Women with overweight/obesity or gestational diabetes are at risk for poor breastfeeding outcomes. This review evaluates the efficacy of breastfeeding interventions in these at‐risk populations. The review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses statement. Five databases were searched for interventions from inception to May 2020. Nineteen trials including 2,740 participants, 226 of which were dyads, were included. Intervention increased any breastfeeding at ≥6 months (OR 1.43, 95% CI [1.05–1.95]), and women in the intervention group were 90% more likely to exclusively breastfeed at 1–2 weeks (OR 1.9, 95% CI [1.17–3.09]) and more than twice as likely to exclusively breastfeed at 4–6 weeks (OR 2.23, 95% CI [1.27–3.90]) within the sensitivity analysis. These findings support breastfeeding interventions improving exclusive early postpartum breastfeeding and any breastfeeding from 6 months in women with gestational diabetes or obesity/overweight. Further randomized controlled trials with harmonized breastfeeding outcome reporting are needed to confirm efficacy.