bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variation in the Methylation of Caffeoylquinic Acids and Urinary Excretion of 3′‐methoxycinnamic acid‐4′‐Sulfate After Apple Consumption by Volunteers
Authors: Rubió Laura , Romero Maria Paz , Solà Rosa , Motilva Maria José , Clifford Michael N. , Macià Alba 
Published: July 2021

IntroductionIt has been reported that the phenolic metabolite 3′‐methoxycinnamic acid‐4′‐sulfate generated from 5‐O‐caffeoylquinic acid may have potential benefits in human health. However, the variation in 3′‐ and 4′‐methylation of 3′,4′‐dihydroxycinnamic acid and its impact on the yield of this sulfate metabolite is unclear and has been poorly studied.Methods and ResultsTo address this aim, the excreted 3′‐methoxy and 4′‐methoxy metabolites in urine samples (24‐h) are determined in 14 volunteers after an acute intake of 80 g of red‐fleshed apple (RFA) or white‐fleshed apple (WFA). These methoxy metabolites are also determined in the same volunteers in a second acute intake after a 6‐week sustained consumption of the same products.ConclusionSeven 3′‐methoxy and seven 4′‐methoxy metabolites are determined, i.e., the free cinnamic and corresponding phenylpropanoic acid, plus their sulfate, glucuronide, and glycine conjugates. In only six volunteers, five females and one male, is 4′‐methylation preferred over 3′‐methylation, but it is observed that an individual′s 3′‐ : 4′‐methylation ratio can change over time, and that the yield of 3′‐methoxycinnamic acid‐4′‐sulfate is extremely variable, ranging from undetectable to 71% of the total C6‐C3 metabolites excreted, and any benefit accruing from this metabolite will not necessarily be available to all consumers.
Absolute Abundance Estimates for Red Snapper, Greater Amberjack, and Other Federally Managed Fish on Offshore Petroleum Platforms in the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Gallaway Benny J. , Raborn Scott W. , McCain Kyle A. , Beyea R. Taylor , Dufault Susan , Heyman Will , Putman Nathan F. , Egerton Jack 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Offshore petroleum platforms provide habitat utilized by an array of reef fish that are valuable to both commercial and recreational fishers. However, thousands of offshore platforms have been decommissioned in the Gulf of Mexico over the past decade, with many of the removals being accomplished using explosive severance methods. Here, we estimate the impact of platform removal in the Gulf of Mexico on five stocks of federally managed reef fish based on the percentage of each stock that is resident on platforms. We conclude that the gulfwide impact of removal will be relatively minor (1% to 8% of the estimated stock abundance) for four species, Red Snapper Lutjanus campechanus, Gray Triggerfish Balistes capriscus, Vermilion Snapper Rhomboplites aurorubens, and Cobia Rachycentron canadum. In contrast, losses for the Greater Amberjack Seriola dumerili stock would potentially represent 45% of the known stock. An alternative explanation is that the actual abundance of Greater Amberjack is much larger than the most recent stock size estimate; in either case, we suggest this issue needs further examination. Removal impacts could also be significant for reef-fish fisheries (especially the Red Snapper fishery) in areas where platforms are presently abundant but other high-relief natural or artificial reefs are not present. Removal of the platforms from these areas will greatly impact the local fisheries.
Using Otolith Chemistry to Determine Early Life Environments and Movement of the Emerging Bigheaded Carp Population in Pools 16–19 of the Upper Mississippi River
Authors: Anderson Charmayne L. , Whitledge Gregory W. , Rude Neil P. , Lamer James T. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Bigheaded carp (Bighead Carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis and Silver Carp H. molitrix) are invasive species in the USA and have spread throughout much of the Mississippi River basin. Population abundance upstream of Lock and Dam (LD) 19 (LD19) on the upper Mississippi River (UMR) has likely been limited by the high-head dam at this location, which restricts all upstream fish passage to the lock chamber. We measured otolith (lapillus) stable isotope composition and elemental microchemistry of 146 Silver Carp (n = 77 females, 69 males) and 141 Bighead Carp (n = 76 females, 65 males) to determine early life environments (ELEs) of adult bigheaded carp captured upstream of LD19 at the invasion front, in an area of intense management (Pools 16–19). Otolith oxygen isotope ratios (δ18O) and elemental ratios (Sr:Ca and Ba:Ca) were compared to values of isotope and elemental ratios in water from putative ELEs to assign the ELE for each fish. Most Bighead Carp (68.8%) and Silver Carp (54.1%) collected upstream of LD19 had otolith core signatures consistent with ELEs downstream of LD19. Nineteen percent of Bighead Carp and 34% of Silver Carp could not be classified. The sex ratios of bigheaded carp (Pools 17–19 combined) with otolith core signatures downstream of LD19 did not differ from 1:1. Our results, when compared to those of Whitledge et al. (2019), suggest low but stable recruitment above this population pinch-point dam in the UMR and suggest that targeting removal of bigheaded carp downstream of LD19 or inhibiting their movement upstream through the lock there might be effective as part of integrated control efforts.
Clinical Outcomes, Treatment Toxicity, and Health Care Utilization in Older Adults with Aggressive Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Johnson P. Connor , Yi Alisha , Horick Nora , Amonoo Hermioni L. , Newcomb Richard A. , Lavoie Mitchell W. , Rice Julia , Reynolds Matthew J. , Ritchie Christine S. , Nipp Ryan D. , El-Jawahri Areej 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
Although balancing treatment efficacy with risks of complications is critical for older adults with aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), few studies have described these patients’ clinical outcomes, rates of toxicities, and health care utilization.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective analysis of adults ≥65 years diagnosed with aggressive NHL and receiving systemic therapy at Massachusetts General Hospital from April 2000 to July 2020. We abstracted patient characteristics, clinical outcomes, treatment toxicity, unplanned hospitalizations, and intensive care unit (ICU) admissions within 6 months of treatment initiation from the medical record. Using multivariable logistic regression, we examined factors associated with rates of grade 3+ nonhematologic toxicity and unplanned hospitalization.

Results
Among 295 patients (median age, 73 years; 39.0% female), 5-year overall survival (OS) was 74.2%. Five-year OS by age group (65–69, 70–74, 75–79, and 80+ years) was 82.2%, 72.0%, 73.6%, and 66.4%, respectively. Overall, 42.4% experienced grade 3+ toxicity, with 8.1% experiencing grades 4–5. The rates of unplanned hospitalization and ICU admission were 41.0% and 6.1%, respectively. In multivariable analysis, hypoalbuminemia (odds ratio [OR], 4.29; p &lt; .001) and high comorbidity score (OR, 4.22; p &lt; .001) were associated with likelihood of grade 3+ toxicity. Hypoalbuminemia (OR, 2.83; p = .003), high comorbidity score (OR, 3.93; p = .001), and receipt of EPOCH (etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin; OR, 5.45; p = .012) were associated with likelihood of unplanned hospitalization.

Conclusions
The majority of older adults receiving upfront therapy for aggressive NHL survive beyond 5 years, yet nearly half experience substantial treatment toxicities and unplanned hospitalizations. Our findings underscore the need for supportive care interventions to enhance the care experience of this population.

Implications for Practice
The results of this study highlight the potential benefits of intensive chemoimmunotherapy for the majority of older adults with aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma, even at advanced ages. Nearly half of older adults experienced substantial treatment toxicities and unplanned hospitalizations, emphasizing the unmet need for supportive care interventions in this population. The present study also identified hypoalbuminemia and patient comorbidity score as factors associated with grade 3+ nonhematologic toxicity and unplanned hospitalization. These findings may guide the development and implementation of targeted supportive care interventions in high-risk older adults with aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
Bamlanivimab use in mild‐to‐moderate COVID‐19 disease: A matched cohort design
Authors: Destache Christopher J. , Aurit Sarah J. , Schmidt David , Peet Erkes Laura , Tierney Maureen , Vivekanandan Renuga 
Published: July 2021

AbstractStudy ObjectiveOur objective was to determine if bamlanivimab (LY‐CoV555; BAM), a monoclonal antibody for mild‐to‐moderate Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS‐Co‐V‐2, prevented emergency department (ED) visits, hospitalizations for SARS‐CoV‐2, or death within 60 days of a positive SARS‐CoV‐2 viral test.DesignPatient propensity matching was performed for BAM administration to get two discrete groups of patients; those who received BAM (N = 117) and those who did not (N = 117).SettingOutpatients (N = 2107) eligible to receive BAM from November 1 to December 31, 2020, were identified.PatientsA total of 144 of 2107 patients with mild‐to‐moderate SARS‐CoV‐2 received BAMInterventionEligible patients had mild‐to‐moderate SARS‐CoV‐2 disease, a positive SARS‐CoV‐2 test, and risk factor(s) for progression to severe SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. All patients were reviewed for subsequent ED visits, subsequent hospitalization, and death.Measurements and Main ResultsPatients (N = 234) were matched, 117 in each group. Median (interquartile range) age was 72 (65–80) years. Forty‐seven percent of patients were male. Twenty‐one patients who received BAM were subsequently seen in the ED compared to 34 untreated patients (18.0% vs. 29.1%; p = 0.045). Fourteen BAM‐treated patients were subsequently hospitalized post‐BAM infusion compared to 27 untreated patients (12.0% vs. 23.1%; p = 0.025). Finally, there were no mortalities in the BAM group, however, eleven patients in the untreated group died (0.0% vs. 9.4%; p < 0.001). The number needed to treat (NNT) is 11 patients to prevent one mortality event.ConclusionsBAM infusion for mild‐to‐moderate SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in outpatients significantly prevented subsequent ED visits, hospitalizations, and death from SARS‐CoV‐2.
Insight into the genetic contribution of maximum yield potential, spikelet development and abortion in barley
Authors: Alqudah Ahmad M. , Sharma Rajiv , Börner Andreas 
Published: July 2021

Societal Impact StatementTo feed the world's ever‐increasing population, new genetic approaches are required. Increasing the number of living spikelets is one promising way to improve grain yield. This, in turn, increases the number of spikelets per plant, thereby increasing the total yield. We present the first evidence for genetic control of alive spikelets in barley. Discovering natural variation as well as genomic regions associated with these traits will serve as a benchmark in future breeding for improving grain yield.Summary

The primary goal of most breeding programmes is to increase grain yield. However, one of the many methods for raising yield that is yet to be fully investigated is increasing the number of spikelets by minimising spikelet abortion. Spikelet abortion dramatically increases during the late reproductive phase, but the molecular and genetic mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we employed a phenotyping approach in which developed and undeveloped spikelets were detected and counted during spike development and their maximum yield potential (MYP) was investigated.
We studied 20 agronomic and spikelet‐related traits using a set of 184 diverse spring barley accessions under field conditions. By employing a set of >125K SNPs, GWAS was conducted.
Our analysis revealed 26 genetic clusters associated with MYP and the number of developed and undeveloped spikelets. Most of the significant associated genomic regions were co‐located near the candidate genes of phytohormones such as ABA, auxin, and cytokinin suggesting the importance of phytohormones in keeping spikelets alive, their development, and MYP.
Our findings point to a potential link between jasmonic acid and the MYP, development and abortion of spikelets. We further provide genetic evidence that sugar‐related genes and sucrose have the potential to regulate MYP, spikelet development and spikelet survival. Our findings can be used for marker‐assisted breeding and as a resource for future molecular and genetic validation. Collectively, we propose a new genetic network linking spikelet‐related traits to grain yield determinants.
Human‐induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes: Cardiovascular properties and metabolism and pharmacokinetics of deuterated mexiletine analogs
Authors: Gomez‐Galeno Jorge , Okolotowicz Karl , Johnson Mark , McKeithan Wesley L. , Mercola Mark , Cashman John R. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractProlongation of the cardiac action potential (AP) and early after depolarizations (EADs) are electrical anomalies of cardiomyocytes that can lead to lethal arrhythmias and are potential liabilities for existing drugs and drug candidates in development. For example, long QT syndrome‐3 (LQTS3) is caused by mutations in the Nav1.5 sodium channel that debilitate channel inactivation and cause arrhythmias. We tested the hypothesis that a useful drug (i.e., mexiletine) with potential liabilities (i.e., potassium channel inhibition and adverse reactions) could be re‐engineered by dynamic medicinal chemistry to afford a new drug candidate with greater efficacy and less toxicity. Human cardiomyocytes were generated from LQTS3 patient‐derived induced pluripotent stem cells (hIPSCs) and normal hIPSCs to determine beneficial (on‐target) and detrimental effects (off‐target) of mexiletine and synthetic analogs, respectively. The approach combined “drug discovery” and "hit to lead” refinement and showed that iterations of medicinal chemistry and physiological testing afforded optimized compound 22. Compared to mexiletine, compound 22 showed a 1.85‐fold greater AUC and no detectable CNS toxicity at 100 mg/kg. In vitro hepatic metabolism studies showed that 22 was metabolized via cytochrome P‐450, as previously shown, and by the flavin‐containing monooxygenase (FMO). Deuterated‐22 showed decreased metabolism and showed acceptable cardiovascular and physicochemical properties.
Robust adaptive control of uncertain nonlinear systems with unmodeled dynamics using command filter
Authors: Yang Yongliang , Tang Liqiang , Zou Wencheng , Ding Da‐Wei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article proposes a robust adaptive controller design method for strict feedback nonlinear systems with unmodeled dynamics and input saturation. By using command filters, the explosion of complexity is obviated. The influence of filter errors bought in by command filters is eliminated by introducing compensating signals. Moreover, by skillfully constructing annth‐order auxiliary dynamic system, the effect of input saturation is avoided, where the disadvantages of conventional methods based on the hyperbolic tangent function are overcome. To tackle the effect of unmodeled dynamics which can destroy the performance and even destabilize the system, based on input‐to‐state stability theory, a dynamic signal is designed. Finally, the Lyapunov theory‐based stability analysis proves that all the closed‐loop signals are uniformly ultimately bounded. The effectiveness of the proposed controller design scheme is verified in simulation experiments.
A novel lysosome‐localized fluorescent probe with aggregation‐induced emission without alkalinizing effect
Authors: Zhang Jingran , Jia Yan , Xing Xinyi , Qin Mengmei , Wu Zibo , Zhong Yingqian , Liu Lele , Sun Shuqing , Li Peng , Wang Haiyuan , Zhao Guangjiu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHerein, a novel small molecule probe, tetraphenylethylene‐cystein (TPE‐Cys), was rationally designed and developed for the intracellular lysosome localization. The combination of tetraphenylethylene and cysteine serve as a novel strategy for lysosome‐targeting, with significant aggregation‐induced emission increases with the proportion of water by as high as 25‐folds. Biofluorescence imaging experiments show that the probe TPE‐Cys has a good colocalization effect with the commercially available lysotracker red, with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.91. In addition, we also demonstrate that TPE‐Cys has good light stability. TPE‐Cys, as a neutral compound, is free of alkalinizing effect when applied in lysosome localization. Moreover, molecular dynamics simulations and density function theories are employed to explore the detailed aggregation process and the mechanism of TPE‐Cys aggregation in water solution. The mechanism of lysosome localization of probe TPE‐Cys was explained by cellular endocytosis process and the formation of larger particle in the more acidic environment of lysosomes. This work not only demonstrates an efficient strategy for the construction of fluorescent probes for lysosome localization, but also indicates that they are promising as live cell imaging tools.
On the dependence of concrete edge breakout on concrete age and coarse aggregate type
Authors: Ninčević Krešimir , Wan‐Wendner Roman 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA large experimental campaign and its analysis are presented with the main goal to experimentally investigate possibly significant influence factors on concrete edge breakout, tested on bonded anchors that are loaded in shear towards a free edge. The main investigated influence factors are (i) the used coarse aggregate type, and (ii) the concrete age. Three normal strength concretes with different coarse aggregate type (quartz, limestone, and basalt) were cast and tested at two different ages—28 and 70 days. The experimental investigation comprised material characterization tests performed on aggregates and concretes, and structural tests, that is, quasi‐static shear tests on installed anchors for three edge distances. The concrete failure surfaces were measured by means of photogrammetry in order to detect variations in cone size and shape dependent on coarse aggregate type and concrete age. The analysis based on the available data, normalizing with compressive strength obtained at the age of the anchor tests, reveals only a minor aggregate effect for the two larger investigated edge distances. Additionally, present differences between concretes are found to be smaller than those between different ages of the same concrete.
Ecological risk and sources of metals in open‐burned grasses in Guinea Savanna of Nigeria
Authors: Abdulraheem Khadijat Abdulkareem , Aremu Adeniyi Saheed , Adeniran Jamiu Adetayo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHeavy metals in particulate emissions released into the atmosphere from open burning of grasses pose considerable danger to human health and environment. This study investigated the ecological risks and sources of heavy metals from burned grass emissions. Particulates resulting from laboratory‐simulated open burning of 40 species of grasses common in Nigeria were analyzed for heavy metals using energy‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (EDXRF). Highest metal concentrations were observed in Digitaria nuda for Cr, Cu, Rb, Zr, and Ni at 105, 35, 95, 70, and 40 mg/kg dry weight, respectively. The pollution assessment with enrichment factor, geo‐accumulation index, and contamination factor showed that Panicum repens and Sorghum bicolor were heavily contaminated with Pb. Pearson correlation analysis indicated strong positive relationship between Cu, Ni, Rb, Cr, and Zr, implying a same pollution source. Principal component analysis was used to identify possible pollutant sources, and 36.29% of the total variance was observed in factor 1. High loading of Cu (0.987), Ni (0.987), Rb (0.986), Cr (0.984), and Zr (0.839) were contributed by metal industries and crustal origin. This study revealed the extent of environmental pollution by heavy metals during open burning of grasses particularly from anthropogenic sources.
The RNA regulatory programs that govern lymphocyte development and function
Authors: Diaz‐Muñoz Manuel D. , Osma‐Garcia Ines C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLymphocytes require of constant and dynamic changes in their transcriptome for timely activation and production of effector molecules to combat external pathogens. Synthesis and translation of messenger (m)RNAs into these effector proteins is controlled both quantitatively and qualitatively by RNA binding proteins (RBPs). RBP‐dependent regulation of RNA editing, subcellular location, stability, and translation shapes immune cell development and immunity. Extensive evidences have now been gathered from few model RBPs, HuR, PTBP1, ZFP36, and Roquin. However, recently developed methodologies for global characterization of protein:RNA interactions suggest the existence of complex RNA regulatory networks in which RBPs co‐ordinately regulate the fate of sets of RNAs controlling cellular pathways and functions. In turn, RNA can also act as scaffolding of functionally related proteins modulating their activation and function. Here we review current knowledge about how RBP‐dependent regulation of RNA shapes our immune system and discuss about the existence of a hidden immune cell epitranscriptome.This article is categorized under:
RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein‐RNA Interactions: Functional Implications
CRISPR-Cas9-Mediated Gene Editing in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: in ’t Groen Stijn L. M. , Broeders Mike , Pijnappel W. W. M. Pim 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHuman induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSCs) and gene editing technologies have become broadly accessible in the last few years and are no longer confined to specialized laboratories. As a result of these developments, both techniques are becoming increasingly prominent in many fields of biomedical research. The use of the CRISPR-Cas9 platform has proven much less labor-intensive compared to alternative platforms for gene editing such as TALENs or ZFNs. However, application of CRISPR-Cas9 in hiPSCs can be cumbersome due to the relatively low efficiency of gene editing in these cells, combined with the requirement of advanced techniques for culturing human iPSCs. Here, we provide protocols for CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene editing in hiPSCs for the generation of gene knockouts, large deletions, and the introduction of a donor template in a safe harbor.
Teil III: Das Projekt UnVergessen
Authors: Karl Katrin Bente 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Teil des Buches steht eine genaue Schilderung des Projektes UnVergessen im Fokus. Die Darstellung beginnt bei der Entstehung der Projektidee, führt weiter zur Entwicklung des Projektes und einer detaillierten Beschreibung des Projektablaufes inkl. seiner curricularen Anbindung. Dem schließt sich die Weiterentwicklung und Ausrichtung auf das Forschende Lernen an. Somit wird hier der hochschuldidaktische Blick eingenommen. Ein eigener Abschnitt widmet sich den besonderen Herausforderungen, vor denen UnVergessen im Frühjahr 2020 durch die Corona-Pandemie stand und schildert die daraus hervorgegangenen neuen Aktivitäten und gestärkten Kontakte.
Teil VI: Berufliche Perspektive: UnVergessen als Türöffner
Authors: Karl und Studierende Katrin Bente 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungDen abschließenden Teil bildet eine Darstellung dessen, inwiefern die Teilnahme am Projekt für zwei Studentinnen der Wegbereiter für ihren beruflichen Werdegang war. Hier berichtet zunächst Yvonne Behrens von den tiefgreifenden Erfahrungen, die sie dazu bewegt haben, das Themengebiet zu ihrem Dissertationsthema zu machen. Im zweiten Abschnitt führt eine weitere ehemalige Teilnehmerin, Dorothea Laszczak, aus, an welchen Punkten ihres Lebens Querverweise zur Pflege zu finden sind und wie sie diese auf ihrem Weg in die berufliche Welt geprägt haben.