bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Clinical, Radiologic, and Prognostic Differences Between Pediatric and Adult Patients With Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Encephalomyelitis
Authors: Xu Jie , Liu Lingjuan , Xiong Jie , Zhang Lu , Huang Peng , Tang Li , Xiao Yangyang , Li Xingfang , Li Jian , Luo Yingying , Li Huiling , Mao Dingan , Liu Liqun 
Published: May 2021

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical differences between pediatric and adult patients with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated encephalomyelitis (MOG-EM).Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical features of pediatric and adult patients with MOG-EM in our center between November 2015 and October 2020.Results: Twenty-eight pediatric patients and 25 adults were admitted to our study. Bilateral optic neuritis (BON) was the most common initial phenotype in the pediatric group but less common in the adult group (28.57 vs. 0%, p = 0.0119). Almost half of the adult patients presented with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disease (NMOSD), which was less prevalent among the pediatrics (48 vs. 21.43%, p = 0.0414). Visual impairment was the most common symptom in both groups during the initial attack (pediatric group, 39.29%; adult group, 64%) and throughout the full course (pediatric group, 57.14%; adult group, 72%). More pediatric patients suffered from fever than adult patients at onset (pediatric group, 28.57%; adult group, 4%; p = 0.0442) and throughout the full course (pediatric group, 39.29%; adult group, 12%; p = 0.0245). Multiple patchy lesions in subcortical white matter (pediatric group, 40.74%; adult group, 45%), periventricular (pediatric group, 25.93%; adult group, 35%), infratentorial (pediatric group, 18.52%; adult group, 30%) and deep gray matter (pediatric group, 25.93%; adult group, 20%) were frequent in all cases, no significant difference was found between the two groups, while bilateral optic nerve involvement was more frequent in pediatric group (61.54 vs. 14.29%, p = 0.0042) and unilateral optic nerve involvement was higher in adult group (64.29 vs. 15.38%, p = 0.0052). At the last follow-up, adult patients had a higher average EDSS score (median 1.0, range 0–3) than pediatrics (median 0.0, range 0–3), though not significant (p = 0.0752). Patients aged 0–9 years (61.54%) and 10–18 years (70%), and patients presenting with encephalitis/meningoencephalitis (100%) and ADEM (75%) were more likely to recover fully.Conclusions: Visual impairment was the dominant symptom in both pediatric and adult patients, while fever was more frequent in pediatric patients. Data suggested that BON and bilateral optic nerve involvement were more common in pediatric cases whereas NMOSD and unilateral optic nerve involvement were more prevalent in adults. The younger patients and patients presenting with encephalitis/meningoencephalitis and ADEM tended to recover better.
A Systematic Review of Glucose Transport Alterations in Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Kyrtata Natalia , Emsley Hedley C. A. , Sparasci Oli , Parkes Laura M. , Dickie Ben R. 
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by cerebral glucose hypometabolism. Hypometabolism may be partly due to reduced glucose transport at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and across astrocytic and neuronal cell membranes. Glucose transporters (GLUTs) are integral membrane proteins responsible for moving glucose from the bloodstream to parenchymal cells where it is metabolized, and evidence indicates vascular and non-vascular GLUTs are altered in AD brains, a process which could starve the brain of glucose and accelerate cognitive decline. Here we review the literature on glucose transport alterations in AD from human and rodent studies.Methods: Literature published between 1st January 1946 and 1st November 2020 within EMBASE and MEDLINE databases was searched for the terms “glucose transporters” AND “Alzheimer's disease”. Human and rodent studies were included while reviews, letters, and in-vitro studies were excluded.Results: Forty-three studies fitting the inclusion criteria were identified, covering human (23 studies) and rodent (20 studies). Post-mortem studies showed consistent reductions in GLUT1 and GLUT3 in the hippocampus and cortex of AD brains, areas of the brain closely associated with AD pathology. Tracer studies in rodent models of AD and human AD also exhibit reduced uptake of glucose and glucose-analogs into the brain, supporting these findings. Longitudinal rodent studies clearly indicate that changes in GLUT1 and GLUT3 only occur after amyloid-β pathology is present, and several studies indicate amyloid-β itself may be responsible for GLUT changes. Furthermore, evidence from human and rodent studies suggest GLUT depletion has severe effects on brain function. A small number of studies show GLUT2 and GLUT12 are increased in AD. Anti-diabetic medications improved glucose transport capacity in AD subjects.Conclusions: GLUT1 and GLUT3 are reduced in hippocampal and cortical regions in patients and rodent models of AD, and may be caused by high levels of amyloid-β in these regions. GLUT3 reductions appear to precede the onset of clinical symptoms. GLUT2 and GLUT12 appear to increase and may have a compensatory role. Repurposing anti-diabetic drugs to modify glucose transport shows promising results in human studies of AD.
ITGA3 Is Associated With Immune Cell Infiltration and Serves as a Favorable Prognostic Biomarker for Breast Cancer
Authors: Li Yue , Li Fan , Bai Xiaoyu , Li Yanlei , Ni Chunsheng , Zhao Xiulan , Zhang Danfang 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundITGA3 is a member of the integrin family, a cell surface adhesion molecule that can interact with extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. The purpose of this study was to explore the significance of ITGA3 expression in the prognosis and clinical diagnosis of breast cancer patients.MethodsOncomine, the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) and UALCAN were used to analyze the expression of ITGA3 in various cancers. PrognoScan, GEPIA, Kaplan–Meier plotter and Easysurv were utilized to analyze the prognosis of ITGA3 in certain cancers. Based on TCGA data, a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic performance of ITGA3 expression. cBio-Portal and MethSurv were used to evaluate the genomic mechanism. LinkedOmics, NetworkAnalyst and Metascape were used to build the signaling network. TIMER is a web server for comprehensive analysis of tumor infiltrating immune cells and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs).ResultsThe expression of ITGA3 in normal breast tissues was greater than that in breast cancer tissues at both the mRNA and protein levels. High expression of ITGA3 was associated with better prognosis of breast cancer patients. ROC analysis indicated that ITGA3 had significant diagnostic value. Genomic analysis revealed that promoter methylation of ITGA3 leads to transcriptional silencing, which may be one of the mechanisms underlying ITGA3 downregulation in BRCA. Immune infiltration analysis showed that ITGA3 may be involved in the recruitment of immune cells.ConclusionsThis study identified ITGA3 as a novel biomarker to estimate the diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancer. In addition, ITGA3 is involved in ECM regulation and immune cell infiltration.
Assessment of the Safety Signal for the Abuse Potential of Pregabalin and Gabapentin Using the FAERS Database and Big Data Search Analytics
Authors: Papazisis Georgios , Spachos Dimitrios , Siafis Spyridon , Pandria Niki , Deligianni Eleni , Tsakiridis Ioannis , Goulas Antonios 
Published: May 2021

Introduction: The latest decade, an emerging issue has been the abuse potential of the gabapentinoids pregabalin and gabapentin. The aim of our study was to assess this safety signal combining two different methods of surveillance: search analytics big data and the FDA spontaneous reporting system database.Methods: Analysis of big data and the FAERS was used to detect pregabalin's and gabapentin's abuse potential in comparison with two controls, clonazepam and levetiracetam, and further, the correlation between these domains was investigated. Data from the United States between 2007 and 2020Q2 were analyzed.Results: The FAERS analysis revealed the following pattern of signals: clonazepam &gt; pregabalin ≥ gabapentin &gt; levetiracetam, for both the primary term “drug abuse and dependence” and the secondary terms (withdrawal, tolerance, overdose). The Google domain pattern was slightly different: clonazepam ≥ gabapentin ≥ pregabalin≥ levetiracetam. A monotonic correlation was found between FAERS and Google searches for gabapentin (r = 0.558; p &lt; 0.001), pregabalin (r = 0.587; p &lt; 0.001), and clonazepam (r = 0.295; p = 0.030).Conclusion: Our results revealed that there is preliminary evidence of a safety signal for the abuse potential of pregabalin and gabapentin. Analysis of the FAERS database, supplemented by big data search analytics, suggests that there is potential of using these methods as a supplementary tool to detect drug abuse-related safety signals in pharmacovigilance.
Inter-class Concomitant Pharmacotherapy in Medicaid-Insured Youth Receiving Psychiatric Residential Treatment
Authors: Edelsohn Gail A. , Eren Kemal , Parthasarathy Meghna , Ryan Neal D. , Herschell Amy 
Published: May 2021

Background: Concomitant pharmacotherapy has become increasingly common in the treatment of youth, including in psychiatric residential treatment facilities (PRTF) despite limited efficacy and safety data. Research is reported on the prevalence of any class and interclass concomitant pharmacotherapy, specific class combinations of psychotropics, and changes in number of medications from admission to discharge for Medicaid insured youth treated in PRTFs in one mid—Atlantic state.Methods: Medicaid administrative claims data were examined for youth under age 18 years who were discharged from one of 21 PRTFs during calendar year 2019. Descriptive statistics were calculated to examine patterns of service utilization 90 days prior to admission. The rates of concomitant psychotropic use at admission were compared to the rates at discharge. Logistic regression models were used to examine covariates associated with discharging on 4 or more medications.Results: Fifty-four % of youth were admitted on either two or three psychotropics, while 25% were admitted on four or more psychotropics. The proportion of youth admitting and discharging on 2 or 3 medications was stable. There was a 27% increase in number of youth discharging on 4 medications with a 24% decrease in those on a 5- drug regimen. Only the number of medications prescribed at admission was found to be significant (p &lt; 0.001), with more medications at admission contributing to probability of discharging on 4 or more medications.Conclusions: Concomitant pharmacotherapy is common in PRTFs. These findings support the practice of deprescribing and underscore the need for further research.
Perioperative Exercise Intention and Influencing Factors: A Multi-Centered Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Lv Feng , Zhang Yuxi , Min Su , Li Ping , Peng Lihua , Ren Li , Yu Jian , Wang Bin , Shen Yiwei , Tong Shanshan , Jin Juying , Luo Xi , Chen Jing , Chen Yingrui , Li Yuanyuan , Chen Jin , Zeng Xing , Luo Fuquan , Xiong Qiuju , Zou Lei , Guo Yuanyuan , Cao Jun , Chen Qibin , Wu Bin , Chen Gang , Liu Xiaoli , Xie Boli 
Published: May 2021

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the level and factors affecting the perioperative exercise intention in China.Design: This study was a cross-sectional survey in Southwest China.Methods: Four hundred and ninety nine participants were randomly sampled in eight medical centers from November 23, 2020 to November 27, 2020. The survey included sociodemographic information and a 24-item modified questionnaire, which aimed to evaluate the attitude toward daily exercise, perception of perioperative exercise, social support and the perioperative exercise intention. A multivariable linear regression model was used to evaluate the effect of different items on the patients' intention for perioperative exercise.Results: A total of 523 responses (95.09%) were collected and 499 (95.41%) were analyzed. The level of exercise intention of the patients during the perioperative period was: 14.83% planned to exercise every day in the hospital, 21.04% planned to exercise every other day, and 35.87% planned to exercise every week. Intensity of daily exercise (P = 0.016), positive attitude of daily exercise (P &lt; 0.001), positive attitude of perioperative exercise (P &lt; 0.001) and social support (P &lt; 0.001) were positively associated with the intention for perioperative exercise. Female (P = 0.012), non-tertiary center (P = 0.011), and preoperative anxiety (P = 0.023) was negatively associated with it.Conclusions: The intention for perioperative exercise was low in Southwest China. The authors aimed to relieve preoperative anxiety, promote the education of perioperative exercise, design perioperative exercise programs, and provide more social support from medical staff and family for inpatients undergoing elective surgery.
Macrocirculatory Parameters and Oxygen Debt Indices in Pigs During Propofol Or Alfaxalone Anesthesia When Subjected to Experimental Stepwise Hemorrhage
Authors: Lervik Andreas , Forr Toverud Simen , Bohlin Jon , Haga Henning Andreas 
Published: May 2021

Background: Pigs are anesthetized when used for emergency procedures live tissue training (LTT) of civilian and military medical personnel or for experimental purposes, but there is a paucity in the literature regarding anesthesia of pigs for this purpose.Objective(s): The main goals of the study were to compare oxygen debt, macrocirculatory parameters, and time to cardiac arrest between pigs in hemorrhagic shock and anesthetized with propofol-ketamine-dexmedetomidine or alfaxalone-ketamine-dexmedetomidine.Design: A prospective, non-blinded randomized study design was used. Sixteen pigs were randomized in blocks of four to be anesthetized with either propofol-ketamine-dexmedetomidine (n = 8) or alfaxalone-ketamine-dexmedetomidine (n = 8) as a continuous infusion.Interventions: Premedication with ketamine 15 mg kg−1 and midazolam 1 mg kg−1 was given i.m. Anesthesia was maintained with propofol 8 mg kg−1 h−1 or alfaxalone 5 mg kg−1 h−1 combined with ketamine 5 mg kg−1 h−1 and dexmedetomidine 4 μg kg−1 h−1 i.v. A stepwise, volume-controlled model for hemorrhage was created by exsanguination.Main Outcome Measures: Indices of oxygen debt (lactate, base excess, and oxygen extraction), macrocirculatory (PR, SAP, DAP, MAP, and CI, SVI, and TPR) variables, and time to death was compared between groups.Results: Pigs in the alfaxalone group had significantly higher SAP than pigs given propofol. No difference in other macrocirculatory variables or indices of oxygen debt could be found. A blood loss of 50% of the total blood volume or more was possible in most pigs with both anesthetic regimes.Conclusions: Pigs anesthetized with propofol or alfaxalone combined with ketamine and dexmedetomidine tolerated substantial blood loss.
Dual-toroidal analog EIT with metamaterial
Authors: Lei Tao , Xiang Tianyu , Wang Jianwei , Zhou Ruishan , Zhu Xiaowei 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The dual-band analog electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) with intriguing toroidal has been presented at microwave frequency. The proposed construction is composed of the split resonant rings with different sizes in two layers to induce dual-toroidal resonance. By optimizing the structure, two transparency peaks derived from strengthened toroidal could attain to 0.97 at 5.36 GHz and 0.94 at 10.23 GHz, which could be certified by numerical simulation, near-field distribution and scattered power of far-field. The experiment and simulation are almost consistent, and the dual-toroidal analog-EIT could have potential applications in many fields, such as ultrasensitive sensing and secure data communication.
Respectful Maternity Care Interventions: A Systematic Literature Review.
Authors: Namusonge Lucy Natecho , Ngachra Jacob Odhiambo 
Published: May 2021

High maternal and new born mortality remains a pressing problem in developing settings. Poor treatment during childbirth contributes directly and indirectly to this problem at a rate of 82%. Many women experience disrespectful and abusive treatment during childbirth in facilities worldwide which violates their rights to respectful care and a threat to their right to life, health, bodily integrity and freedom from discrimination. Majority of women report to have experienced some form of disrespect and abuse during childbirth. This systematic literature review aimed at reviewing studies on Respectful Maternity Care interventions aimed at promoting Quality of Maternal and New born Care. Objectives were to assess literature on how mothers are treated during childbirth (experience of care/respectful maternity care), to find out the factors contributing to disrespect and abuse during childbirth, to identify strategies for addressing issues affecting respectful maternity care. The literature review employed a quality assessment tool ‘PRISMA’, by the WHO. Eligibility criteria was studies published between 1992 and 2020 in indexed national and international journals in English language focusing on Respectful Maternity Care interventions in promoting Quality of Maternal and New born Care. Literature was reviewed from academic databases, project reports and documents. Electronic searches included reference libraries: PubMed, Cochrane Reference Libraries, google scholar, Medline on Mega scope data bases, CINAHL, Embase data bases and grey literature. Studies meeting the following criteria were included in the review: 1) Respectful Maternity Care; 2) Facilitators to dignity and respect during childbirth; and 3) Quality of Maternal and New born Care (QMNC). Disrespect and abuse appear to be widespread and research and implementation efforts must continue, there is lack of standardized definitions, instruments hence affecting generalizability and comparability, there are no adequate available data to quantify the prevalence of these behaviours. No matter the conceptual framework used in future investigations, studies should seek to accomplish three objectives: (1) to measure the perceived and observed frequencies of mistreatment in maternal health settings, (2) to examine the macro and micro level factors that drive mistreatment, (3) to assess the impact of mistreatment on the health outcomes of women and their new borns, and 4) to employ mixed method design as an optimal strategy to evaluate mistreatment and include direct observations to bridge the gap between observed measures and participants’ self-reported experiences of mistreatment.
Analisis Kebutuhan Pengembangan Strategi Pembelajaran Fisika Berbasis STEM di Era Digital Mengakomodasi Ragam Gaya Belajar dan Pengetahuan Awal
Authors: Viyanti Viyanti , Suyatna Agus , Naj’iyah Ani Latifatun 
Published: May 2021

Strategi pembelajaran berbasis STEM merupakan sistematika pembelajaran dengan memanfaatkan prasarana pendukung digital mengakomodasi sains, teknologi, teknik dan matematika. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan analisis kebutuhan strategi pembelajaran fisika di era digital untuk memfasilitasi keterampilan Abad 21 mengakomodasi perbedaan gaya belajar dan pengetahuan awal. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah metode deskriptif. Adapun guru fisika, silabus dan materi pembelajaran fisika, serta siswa kelas XI sebagai objek penelitian. Instrumen pengumpulan data terdiri dari lembar pedoman wawancara, silabus fisika dan dokumen materi pembelajaran, dan lembar tes awal penalaran ilmiah dan performance berargumentasi. Data penelitian dianalisis dengan statistik deskriptif. Berdasarkan analisis data diperoleh: 1). pengetahuan guru terkait strategi pembelajaran fisika berbasis STEM di era digital yang memfasilitasi keterampilan Abad 21 mengakomodasi perbedaan gaya belajar dan pengetahuan awal masih rendah, 2) materi pembelajaran fisika pada buku teks fisika dan LKS fisika siswa kelas XI belum mengakomodasi ragam gaya belajar dan pengetahuan awal dalam kategori cukup, 3) rata-rata pencapaian penalaran ilmiah dan performance berargumentasi siswa pada pembelajaran fisika siswa tergolong dalam kategori rendah
On Being Serious
Authors: Wootten William 
Published: May 2021

This chapter analyzes the meaning of the phrase ‘new seriousness’ which has been used to characterize The New Poetry. Although the phrase may sound urgent and understandable at first reading, it is situated within a complex web of debts and implications. In the 1960s, the increased emphasis on one sort of seriousness, that of personal sincerity, became important at a time when seriousness as sanctioned by custom, tradition, social norm, oath and obligation became less binding. Marriage, for instance, may have been an exemplary form of an old seriousness, but it was being newly questioned in the lives of the poets. A. Alvarez defines seriousness as ‘the poet's ability and willingness to face the full range of his experience with his full intelligence; not to take the easy exits of either conventional response or choking incoherence’.
‘A Study of Suicide’
Authors: Wootten William 
Published: May 2021

This chapter presents a reading of A. Alvarez's The Savage God. The book is not chiefly a literary critical study, but is, in the words of its subtitle, ‘A Study of Suicide’. Moreover, while it contains considerable scholarship upon the subject of suicide, it is by no means an impersonal book. The portrait of Plath and her death at its beginning and the corresponding portrait of Alvarez and his own suicide attempt at its end would, with grim inappropriateness, these days be termed ‘life writing’. As Alvarez switches genres, biography becomes central and the poetry peripheral; Plath's significance to the book is as a case study of a suicide as much as a poet. The Savage God is then the decisive step towards the current position, where Plath criticism is overwhelmingly biographical criticism.
Between Aesthetic and Political Theory
Authors: Pollentier Caroline 
Published: May 2021

This chapter interrogates the utopian troping of Virginia Woolf's pacifism through a theoretical, historical, and rhetorical perspective. At a time when peace projects were condemned as utopian, Woolf’s choice to mobilize utopian tropes was not ideologically neutral. The chapter will first map out the utopia/reality divide that structured the interwar fields of international relations, focusing on the theoretical debate opposing Leonard Woolf to E. H. Carr. A similar unease around utopias became manifest in the interwar literary field, as the upsurge in peace utopias coincided with a growing critique of utopian fiction. This chapter argues that this aesthetic and political polemic between fact and fiction was at the core of Woolf’s writings on peace. Close readings of Three Guineas and "Thoughts on Peace in an Air Raid" will show how Virginia Woolf deconstructed the duality between "utopia and reality" that polarized pacifist discourses of the time. In a mock-utopian tone quite distinct from serious fictional peace projects, Woolf critiqued planned utopias of world peace, such as those devised by H. G. Wells, but also moved away from Leonard Woolf's political idealism. Beyond any fixed oppositions between idealism and realism, between "fact" and "dream," she renegotiated the materiality of hope by repurposing press cuttings and other "fragmentary notes" into archives of the future.