bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tailoring effective requirement's specification for ingenuity in Software Development Life Cycle.
Authors: Et.al Naveen N Kulkarni 
Published: April 2021

Software Requirements Engineering (SRE) process define software manuscripts with sustaining Software Requirement Specification (SRS) and its activities. SRE comprises many tasks requirement analysis, elicitation, documentation, conciliation and validation. Natural language is most popular and commonly used to form the SRS document. However, natural language has its own limitations wrt quality approach for SRS. The constraints include incomplete, incorrect, ambiguous, and inconsistency. In software engineering, most applications are object-oriented. So requirements are unlike problem domain need to be developed. So software documentation is completed in such a way that, all authorized users like clients, analysts, managers, and developers can understand it. These are the basis for success of any planned project. Most of the work is still dependent on intensive human (domain expert) work. consequences of the project success still depend on timeliness with tending errors. The fundamental quality intended for each activity is specified during the software development process. This paper concludes critically with best practices in writing SRS. This approach helps to mitigate SRS limitation up to some extent. An initial review highlights capable results for the proposed practices
A Theoretical review on the importance of Threat Intelligence Sharing & The challenges intricated
Authors: Et.al Sandhya Sukhabogi 
Published: April 2021

Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) is the emerging strategy of cyber defense which helps organizations to combat the latest and more sophisticated cyber threats. Gathering this threat information, analyzing and communicating it between the security teams is very difficult and challenging because of the heterogeneous aspects involved. The necessity of sharing the intelligence related data collected by organizations is increasing day by day to counter the ever changing and highly dynamic threat landscape. In this paper an attempt is made to understand CTI concept and how it is collected and analyzed to form useful actionable intelligence are observed. The importance of Threat intelligence sharing, and various standards working in the area of TIS are also mentioned. Finally the primary challenges in TIS are given a light in a broad view
Pensando o recolonial nos estudos da Comunicação: reflexões a partir da América Latina
Authors: De Albuquerque Afonso , De Oliveira Thaiane 
Published: April 2021

A despeito do seu pioneirismo, a tradição de pensamento crítico latino-americano praticamente desapareceu do cenário da pesquisa internacional de referência, a partir da instauração de circuito anglófono, na década de 1990, centrado nos Estados Unidos. Este ensaio tem como objetivo discutir esse fenômeno no contexto de um processo mais amplo de recolonização, conduzido no âmbito da globalização neoliberal e capitalismo acadêmico, com foco na pesquisa latino-americana nos estudos da Comunicação e nos circuitos de Comunicação Científica. Nesse contexto desfavorável, a América Latina soube preservar um circuito vigoroso de intercâmbio acadêmico, pautado no acesso aberto à produção intelectual. Sustenta-se que esse circuito pode servir de base para a construção de um espaço de circulação acadêmico global mais diversificado, alternativo ao atualmente existente.
Immigration Detention in the United States: Identifying Alternatives That Comply With Human Rights and Advance Public Health
Authors: Ly Alison , Sprague Aleta , Pierce Brianna , Post Corina , Heymann Jody 
Published: April 2021

Under international law, the United States is obligated to uphold noncitizens’ fundamental rights, including their rights to health. However, current US immigration laws—and their enforcement—not only fail to fulfill migrants’ health rights but actively undermine their realization and worsen the pandemic’s spread. Specifically, the US immigration system’s reliance on detention, which precludes effective social distancing, increases risks of exposure and infection for detainees, staff, and their broader communities. International agreements clearly state that the prolonged, mandatory, or automatic detention of people solely because of their migration status is a human rights violation on its own. But in the context of COVID-19, the consequences for migrants’ right to health are particularly acute. Effective alternatives exist: other countries demonstrate the feasibility of adopting and implementing immigration laws that establish far less restrictive, social services–based approaches to enforcement that respect human rights. To protect public health and realize its global commitments, the United States must shift away from detaining migrants as standard practice and adopt effective, humane alternatives—both amid COVID-19 and permanently.
Stroboscopic operando spectroscopy of the dynamics in heterogeneous catalysis by event-averaging
Authors: Knudsen Jan , Gallo Tamires , Boix Virgínia , Strømsheim Marie , D'Acunto Giulio , Goodwin Christopher , Wallander Harald , Zhu Suyun , Soldemo Markus , Lömker Patrick , Cavalca Filippo , Scardamaglia Mattia , Degerman David , Nilsson Anders , Amann Peter , Shavorskiy Andrey , Schnadt Joachim 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Heterogeneous catalyst surfaces are highly dynamic entities that respond rapidly to changes in their local gas environment, and the dynamics of the response is a decisive factor for the catalysts’ action and activity. Few probes are able to map catalyst structure and local gas environment simultaneously under reaction conditions at the time scales of the dynamic changes. Here we use the CO oxidation reaction over a Pd(100) surface exposed to pressures of 3 and 100 mbar of a CO + O2 gas mixture to demonstrate how such studies can be performed by time-resolved ambient pressure photoelectron spectroscopy. Central elements of the method are cyclic gas pulsing and software-based event-averaging by image recognition of spectral features. For the CO oxidation reaction over Pd(100) our main finding is that that all surface phases – the CO-covered Pd surface, a surface oxide and a thick PdOx phase – catalyse the CO oxidation reaction, in dependence on the supply of gas phase reactants.
Expressway Traffic Accidents Involving Human Injuries and Fatalities in Ethiopia: Negative Binomial Regression Model
Authors: Mustefa Yesuf Abdela , Belayhun Addis 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Road traffic accident is a major public health as well as economic challenge that rated the eighth leading cause of death. The severity became higher in developing countries. Ethiopian is among the most confronted countries in the world. We utilized the Ethiopian Toll Roads Enterprise data to provide insights and model significant determinants of accidents involving injuries and fatalities. Besides utilizing recent dataset, we applied the most appropriate but forwent statistical model. Moreover, we examined the significance of the effects of drivers’ age and gender that have not been the cases in the literatures.Methods: We made descriptive insights available on the basis of graphs from integrated traffic accident and flow datasets. We tested for the presence of over-dispersion in a total of 1824 observations of accident data recorded from September, 2014 to December, 2019 for inferential analysis. Finally, we modeled the effects of significant variables on the number of injuries using the negative binomial regression model. Results: we found that the number of injuries in accidents were significantly determined by type of vehicles, ownership status of vehicles, accident time weather condition, driver-vehicle relationship, drivers’ level of education, and drivers’ age.Conclusions: Heavy trucks were more likely to cause more number of injuries than medium or small vehicles. Hot and windy weather conditions were associated with higher probability of the number of injuries. The likelihood of the number of injuries were lower when drivers are owner of the vehicle; drivers level of education is above secondary school; and the age of the driver is between 18 and 23 years old. Moreover, due concern needs to be given for traffic road rules.
Automated slice sensitivity profile measurement of the CT image of the AAPM CT performance phantom: Which stair object should be used?
Authors: Lasiyah Nani , Anam Choirul , Hidayanto Eko , Dougherty Geoff 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose: We used an improved algorithm to automatically measure the slice sensitivity profile (SSP) and its full-width at half maximum (FWHM) from all three stair objects within an image of the AAPM CT performance phantom.Methods: The phantom was scanned with a Philips Ingenuity 128-slice CT scanner using slice thicknesses of 1 mm and 5 mm. The three stair objects were named top #1, middle #2, and bottom #3. The software was able to measure the SSP and its FWHM form object #1, #2, #3, and all objects. The SSPs and FWHMs from each stair object were compared with manual measurements. Results: The FWHM values for a slice thickness of 1 mm were 1.3 ± 0.1 mm for all the stair objects. The FWHM values for a slice thickness of 5 mm were 5.2 ± 0.1 mm, 5.1 ± 0.3 mm, 5.2 ± 0.1 mm for the top, bottom, and middle stair objects, respectively. The results of manual measurements had the same trend as those of the automated measurements.Conclusion: The improved algorithm for measuring SSP and its FWHM from any stair object within the AAPM performance phantom was successfully developed. The SSPs and their FWHM values measured from every stair object were similar (p > 0.05).
Artificial Intelligence helps triage and monitoring of COVID-19 Intensive Care patients
Authors: Boussen Salah , Cordier Pierre-Yves , Malet Arthur , Simeone Pierre , Cataldi Sophie , Vaisse Camille , Roche Xavier , Castelli Alexandre , Assal Mehdi , Pépin Guillaume , Cot Kevin , Denis Jean-Baptiste , Morales Timothée , Velly Lionel , Bruder Nicolas 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe rapid spread of coronavirus disease COVID 19 calls for early screening and monitoring of these patients to distinguish those that are likely to worsen from stable patients that may be directed to intermediate care facilities. We designed a score for COVID-19 patients severity assessment, dynamic intubation and prolonged stay prediction using the Breathing Frequency (BF) and oxygen saturation (SPO2) signals.MethodsWe recorded BF, and SPO2 signals of confirmed COVID-19 patients admitted during the first and second outbreak of the pandemic in France (March to May 2020 and September 2020 to February 2021) in an ICU of a teaching hospital. We extracted four features from the signals that represent the four last hours before intubation for intubated patients and the mean of the four hours before the median intubation time for non-intubated patients. These data were used to train AI algorithms for intubation recognition. Algorithm robustness was checked on a validation set of patients. We selected the best algorithm that was applied every hour to predict intubation, thus a severity evaluation. We performed a 24h moving average of these predictions giving a S24 severity score that represent the patient's severity during the last 24 h. MS24, the maximum of S24 was confronted with the risk of intubation and prolonged ICU stay (>5 days).ResultsWe included 177 patients. Among the tested algorithms, the Logistic regression classifier had the best performance. The model had an accuracy of 88.9 % for intubation recognition (AUC=0.92). The accuracy on the validation set was 92.6 %. The S24 score of intubated patients was significantly higher than non-intubated patients 48h before intubation and increased 24 hours before intubation. MS24 score allows distinguishing three severity situations with an increased risk of intubation: green (3%), orange (30%) and red (76%). A MS24 score superior to 20 was highly predictive of an ICU stay greater than 5 day with an accuracy of 88.8% (AUC=0.95).ConclusionsThe score we designed uses simple signals and seems to be efficient to visualize the patient's respiratory situation and may help in decision-making. Real-time computation is easy to implement.
Structural emission reduction of China's industrial system and energy system: An input-output analysis
Authors: Yang Jun , Dong Hanghang , Jiang Tangyang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The global greenhouse effect caused by excessive energy CO 2 emissions has seriously affected the sustainable development of the society, and energy consumption and production mainly come from industrial system and energy system. This paper used the structural decomposition analysis (SDA) and the input-output analysis to study the structural emission reduction of China's industrial and energy systems in 2007-2015. The results showed that: (1) From the analysis of structural factors, the final demand effect was the main factor to promote the growth of energy CO 2 emissions, and the energy intensity effect played a weak role in promoting the growth of energy CO 2 emissions. (2) From the perspective of energy systems, the emission reduction effect of blast furnace gas, raw coal, refinery dry gas and natural gas is obvious, while that of crude oil, gasoline, fuel oil and kerosene is not obvious. (3) From the perspective of China's industrial systems, the tertiary industry played a major role in the final demand effect, followed by secondary industries and the primary industry in turn. Finally, this paper provided a theoretical basis and realistic guiding route for the accurate and efficient emissions reduction of energy system and China's industrial system.
Temporal trends, tumor characteristics and stage-specific survival in penile non-squamous cell carcinoma vs. squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Wenzel Mike , Siron Nicolas , Ruvolo Claudia Collà , Nocera Luigi , Würnschimmel Christoph , Tian Zhe , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Saad Fred , Briganti Alberto , Tilki Derya , Banek Severine , Kluth Luis A. , Roos Frederik C. , Chun Felix K.H. , Karakiewicz Pierre I. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose:To test the effect of variant histology (non-SCC) cancer-specific mortality (CSM), relative to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in penile cancer patients. Methods:Within the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database (2004–2016), penile cancer patients of all stages were identified. Temporal trend analyses, cumulative incidence and Kaplan-Meier plots and multivariable competing-risks regression analyses tested for CSM differences between non-SCC vs. SCC penile cancer patients.Results:Of 4,120 eligible penile cancer patients, 123 (3%) harbored non-SCC vs. 4,027 (97%) SCC. Of all non-SCC patients, 51 (41%) harbored melanomas vs. 42 (34%) basal cell carcinomas vs. 10 (8%) adenocarcinomas vs. eight (6.5%) skin appendage malignancies vs. six (5%) epithelial cell neoplasms vs. two (1.5%) neuroendocrine tumors vs. two (1.5%) lymphomas, vs. two (1.5%) sarcomas. In temporal trend analyses, non-SCC diagnoses neither decreased nor increased over time (p>0.05). After stratification according to localized, locally advanced, and metastatic stage, no CSM differences were observed between non-SCC vs. SCC, with 5-year survival rates of 11 vs 11% (p=0.9) for localized, 33 vs 37% (p=0.4) for locally advanced, and 1-year survival rates of 37 vs 53% (p=0.9) for metastatic penile cancer, respectively. After propensity score matching for patient and tumor characteristics and additional multivariable adjustment, no CSM differences between non-SCC vs. SCC were observed. Conclusion:Non-SCC penile cancer is rare. Although exceptions exist, on average, non-SCC penile cancer has comparable CSM as SCC penile cancer patients, after stratification for localized, locally invasive, and metastatic disease.
Importance of Regional Rainfall Data in Homogeneous Clustering of Data Sparse Areas: A Study in the Upper Brahmaputra Valley Region
Authors: Hazarika Jayshree , Sarma Arup Kumar 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Delineation of homogeneous regions has found its way into many hydrological applications as it helps in addressing the challenges in understanding the behavior of rainfall distribution and its variability at a local scale. In the present study, rainfall data recoded by 83 tea gardens in the upper Brahmaputra valley region of Assam have been used to identify homogeneous rainfall regions by using fuzzy clustering analysis. Further, seven different cluster validity indices (CVs) were utilized to find out the optimum clustering in the fuzzy c-means (FCM) algorithm. The clusters thus formed were assessed for statistical homogeneity by performing homogeneity tests based on L-moment. Three different combinations of feature vectors were employed in FCM algorithm and the outputs were compared for attaining best solutions to regionalization. The results were further compared with previous regionalization studies. The analysis and comparison conclude that if regionalization needs to be done at a local scale, further sub-clustering of a larger clustered region to smaller regions may be required. Local rainfall data can be used for the purpose provided a good dataset with large number of station points are available within the region. Along with rainfall data, geographical location parameters (latitude, longitude and elevation) need to be taken into account for getting a definite conclusion.
Selective catalytic oxidation of ammonia to nitric oxide via chemical looping
Authors: Ruan Chongyan , Wang Xijun , Wang Chaojie , Li Lin , Lin Jian , Liu Xiao Yan , Li Fanxing , Wang Xiaodong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Selective oxidation of ammonia to nitric oxide (NO) over platinum-group metal alloy gauzes is the crucial step for nitric acid production, a century-old yet greenhouse gas and capital intensive process in chemical industry. Therefore, developing alternative ammonia oxidation technologies with low environmental impacts and reduced catalyst cost are of significant importance. Herein, we proposed and demonstrated, for the first time, a novel chemical looping ammonia oxidation (CLAO) catalyst and process to replace the costly noble metal catalysts and to reduce greenhouse gas emission. The proposed CLAO process exhibited near complete NH3 conversion and exceptional NO selectivity (99.8%) with negligible N2O production, using nonprecious V2O5 redox catalyst at a temperature up to 300 °C lower than the existing approach. Operando spectroscopy techniques complemented with density functional theory calculations point towards a modified, temporally separated Mars-van Krevelen mechanism featuring a reversible V5+/V4+ redox cycle. The V=O sites are suggested to be the catalytically active center leading to the formation of the oxidation products. Meanwhile, both V=O and doubly coordinated oxygen (V-OII-V) participate in the hydrogen transfer process. The outstanding performance is attributed to the low activation energies for the successive hydrogen abstraction (1.06 eV), facile NO formation (0.03 eV) as well as the easy regeneration of V=O species. Our results highlight a transformational CLAO process in extending the chemical looping strategy to producing base chemicals in a sustainable and cost-effective manner.
Prognostic Value of Serum Soluble ST2&nbsp;in Stable Coronary Artery Disease: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Kim Hack-Lyoung , Lee Jung Pyo , Wong Nathan , Lim Woo-Hyun , Seo Jae-Bin , Zo Joo-Hee , Kim Myung-A , Kim Sang-Hyun 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The role of ST2 in stable coronary artery disease (CAD) has not yet been well defined. This study was performed to investigate baseline serum soluble ST2 (sST2) level can predict clinical outcomes in patients with stable CAD. A total of 388 consecutive patients with suspected CAD (65 years and 63.7% male) in stable condition referred for elective invasive coronary angiography (ICA) was prospectively recruited. Major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE), including cardiac death, non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI), coronary revascularization (90 days after ICA), and ischemic stroke during clinical follow-up was assessed. Most of the patients (88.0%) had significant CAD (stenosis ≥50%). During median follow-up of 834 days, there was 29 case of MACE (7.5%). The serum sST2 level was significantly higher in patients with MACE than those without (47.3 versus 30.6 ng/ml, P <0.001). In multiple Cox regression model, higher sST2 level (≥26.8 ng/ml) was an independent predictor of MACE even after controlling potential confounders (hazard ratio, 12.5; 95% confidence interval 1.64-95.0; P = 0.015). The elevated level of baseline sST2 is associated with an increased risk of adverse clinical events in stable CAD patients. Studies with larger sample size are needed to confirm our findings.
Study on Failure Characteristics and Acoustic Emission Characteristics of Sandstone Under Variable Angle Shear
Authors: Luo Feng , Xu Peidong , Guo Yijun , Diao Yanglong , Li Meng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
To study the shear damage and failure characteristics of red sandstone under different normal stress conditions, the failure process of sandstone under three different shear angles (50°, 55°, 60°) were studied by using variable angle shear test device. The shear stress-deformation curves and failure characteristics of sandstone were obtained, and the relationships between shear cracks and acoustic emission impact times, amplitude, peak frequency were established. With the increase of shear angle, the normal stress, shear stress and peak shear stress decrease gradually. The development of micro-cracks in the shear plane appear more earlier. The high frequency signal decreases significantly, which may have a significant corresponding relationship with the rock friction and shear effect. The failure mode of rock changes from plasticity to brittleness. The amplitude changes are concave, and more acoustic emission energy is released at compaction stage and plastic(failure) stage. The rock spalling mainly occur in the penetrating area of main and secondary cracks surrounding the two ends of specimen. The spalling degree was obviously weakened with the increase of shear angle. The results have important guiding value for judging and predicting the instability mechanism of rock engineering.