bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A pilot study of a yoga intervention for the treatment of anxiety in young people with early psychosis
Authors: McGuire Declan , Shannon Annabelle , Somaiya Janaki , Brown Ellie , O'Donoghue Brian 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundAnxiety is common in young people with early psychosis and treatment options for this co‐morbidity remain limited. Yoga is a promising adjunct intervention that has been shown to reduce anxiety for adults with schizophrenia, therefore this pilot study evaluated the acceptability and potential effectiveness of yoga for anxiety in early psychosis.MethodsA prospective single arm pilot study of a yoga intervention was conducted within an Early Intervention for psychosis service. Rates of attendance, as well as symptoms of anxiety pre and post yoga session were measured.ResultsA total of 14 young people participated in the study and over 70% attended half or more of the yoga sessions offered. Significant transient reduction in state anxiety after a single session of yoga was observed (p < 0.01).ConclusionsYoga was found to be an acceptable and potentially effective adjunctive treatment for anxiety in early psychosis and the results warrant further clinical trials.
Heat‐killed Helicobacter pylori upregulates NKG2D ligands expression on gastric adenocarcinoma cells via Toll‐like receptor 4
Authors: Hernández Carolina , Toledo‐Stuardo Karen , García‐González Paulina , Garrido‐Tapia Macarena , Kramm Karina , Rodríguez‐Siza José Alejandro , Hermoso Marcela , Ribeiro Carolina H. , Molina María Carmen 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundNatural killer (NK) cells are paramount for immunity against infectious agents and tumors. Their cytokine and cytolytic responses can be mediated by natural killer group 2, member D (NKG2D), an activating receptor whose ligands (NKG2DL) expression is induced in conditions of cell stress and malignant transformation. Since sustained expression of NKG2DL MICA is related to lower survival rates in gastric adenocarcinoma patients, and Helicobacter pylori infection contributes to tumorigenesis; we asked whether H. pylori stimulus could promote NKG2DL expression on human gastric adenocarcinoma cells.MethodsHeat‐killed H. pylori (HKHP) was used to stimulate MKN45 cells before analysis of NKG2DL and Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) protein levels by flow cytometry and transcripts by real‐time PCR. LPS from Rhodobacter sphaeroides and inhibitory peptide Pepinh MYD were used to inhibit TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway to assess its participation on NKG2DL expression. NK cell‐mediated cytotoxicity was measured by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and CD107a mobilization assays.ResultsStimulation of MKN45 cells with HKHP increased MICA, ULBP4 (another NKG2DL), and TLR4 at the protein and transcriptional levels. MICA, but not ULBP4 expression, was upregulated in a TLR4/MyD88‐dependent manner. Furthermore, the presence of NKG2DL on the surface of HKHP‐stimulated MKN45 cells enabled NK cell cytotoxic activation.ConclusionsOur data indicate that induction of NKG2DL expression on gastric adenocarcinoma cells by H. pylori promotes an immune response that may ultimately contribute to either gastric tissue damage, as a consequence of persistent activation of immunity, or tumor immune evasion due to chronic NKG2DL expression.
Influence of chronic stress on the mechanism of the cytotoxic system in common carp (Cyprinuscarpio)
Authors: Shimon‐Hophy Mazal , Avtalion Ramy R. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAquaculture conditions expose fish to internal and environmental stressors that increase their susceptibility to morbidity and mortality. The brain accumulates stress signals and processes them according to the intensity, frequency duration and type of stress, recruiting several brain functions to activate the autonomic or limbic system. Triggering the autonomic system causes the rapid release of catecholamines, such as adrenaline and noradrenaline, into circulation from chromaffin cells in the head kidney. Catecholamines trigger blood cells to release proinflammatory and regulatory cytokines to cope with acute stress. Activation of the limbic axis stimulates the dorsolateral and dorsomedial pallium to process emotions, memory, behaviour and the activation of preoptic nucleus‐pituitary gland‐interrenal cells in the head kidney, releasing glucocorticoids, such as cortisol to the bloodstream. Glucocorticoids cause downregulation of various immune system functions depending on the duration, intensity and type of chronic stress. As stress persists, most immune functions, with the exception of cytotoxic functions, overcome these effects and return to homeostasis. The deterioration of cytotoxic functions during chronic stress appears to be responsible for increased morbidity and mortality.
Dielectric resonator antenna with Y3Al5O12 transparent dielectric ceramics for 5G millimeter‐wave applications
Authors: Du Chao , Fu Mao‐Sen , Zhou Di , Guo Huan‐Huan , Chen He‐Tuo , Zhang Jian , Wang Jun‐Ping , Wang Shao‐Fei , Liu Hai‐Wen , Liu Wen‐Feng , Li Long , Xu Zhuo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMicrowave dielectric ceramics are considered to be one of the key materials for dielectric resonators (DR) and have very broad application prospects in the fifth generation (5G) mobile communication system. Here we have prepared high‐quality factor Y3Al5O12 (YAG) transparent dielectric ceramics using high‐purity α‐Al2O3 and Y2O3 powders by cold isostatic pressing of the vacuum sintered with tungsten meshes as the heating elements. Optimum relative permittivity () ~10.53, quality factor Q × f (Q = 1/dielectric loss, f = resonant frequency) ~95, 270 GHz (at =7.37 GHz), and temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (TCF) ~ −51.7 ppm °C−1 were obtained at a sintering temperature of 1780°C for 12 h. For the first time, YAG transparent ceramic dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) is designed as a dominant mode and a higher‐order mode using the aperture coupling feeding configuration excitation. The proposed transparent dielectric ceramic DRA can provide a broad impedance bandwidth of 4.193 GHz (ranging from 21.90 to 26.09 GHz) for S11 < −10 dB, radiation efficiency of 92.1%, and compact DR unit. The proposed DRA can be used potentially as a 5G millimeter (mm)‐wave multiple‐input‐multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna unit.
Mapping and ablation of post‐AF atrial tachycardias
Authors: Chugh Aman 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAtrial tachycardias are commonly encountered in patients undergoing catheter ablation of persistent atrial fibrillation (AF). Unlike typical atrial flutter that can be readily recognized and ablated, these post‐AF tachycardias can arise from a wide variety of locations and involve a multiplicity of mechanisms. Apart from diagnostic challenges, radiofrequency ablation to eliminate the tachycardias may require multiple approaches. In addition, specialized techniques such as epicardial and chemical ablation may be required for definitive treatment. This review describes the various mechanisms and approaches to mapping and ablation of these challenging tachycardias
Ablation outcomes for atypical atrial flutter versus recurrent atrial fibrillation following index pulmonary vein isolation
Authors: Akhtar Tauseef , Daimee Usama A. , Sivasambhu Bhradeev , Boyle Thomas A. , Arbab‐Zadeh Armin , Marine Joseph E. , Berger Ronald , Calkins Hugh , Spragg David 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundData related to electrophysiologic characteristics of atypical atrial flutter (AFL) following atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation and its prognostic value on repeat ablation success are limited.MethodsWe studied consecutive patients who underwent a repeat left atrial (LA) ablation procedure for either recurrent AF or atypical AFL, at least 3 months after index AF ablation, between January 2012 and July 2019. The demographics, clinical history, procedural data, complications, and 1‐year arrhythmia‐free survival rates were recorded for each subject after the first repeat ablation.ResultsA total of 336 patients were included in our study. Among these 336 patients, 102 underwent a repeat ablation procedure for atypical AFL and 234 underwent a repeat ablation procedure for recurrent AF. The mean age was 63.7 ± 10.7 years, and 72.6% of patients were men. The atypical AFL cohort had significantly higher LA diameters (4.6 vs. 4.4 cm, p = .04) and LA volume indices (LAVi; 85.1 vs. 75.4 ml/m2, p = .03) compared to AF patients at repeat ablation. Atypical AFL patients were more likely to have had index radiofrequency (RF) ablation (as opposed to cryoballoon) than recurrent AF patients (98% vs. 81%, p = .01). Atypical AFLs were roof‐dependent in 35.6% and peri‐mitral in 23.8% of cases. Major complications at repeat ablation occurred in 0.9% of the total cohort. Arrhythmia‐free survival at one year was significantly higher in the recurrent atypical AFL compared to the recurrent AF cohort (75.5 vs. 65.0%, p = .04).ConclusionIn our series, roof‐dependent flutter is the most common form of atypical atrial flutter post AF ablation. Patients developing atypical AFL after index AF ablation have greater LA dimensions than patients with recurrent AF. The success rate of first repeat ablation is significantly higher among patients with recurrent atypical AFL as compared to recurrent AF after index AF ablation.
Intrinsic cardiac autonomic nervous system: What do clinical electrophysiologists need to know about the “heart brain”?
Authors: Aksu Tolga , Gopinathannair Rakesh , Gupta Dhiraj , Pauza Dainius H. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIt is increasingly recognized that the autonomic nervous system (ANS) is a major contributor in many cardiac arrhythmias. Cardiac ANS can be divided into extrinsic and intrinsic parts according to the course of nerve fibers and localization of ganglia and neuron bodies. Although the role of the extrinsic part has historically gained more attention, the intrinsic cardiac ANS may affect cardiac function independently as well as influence the effects of the extrinsic nerves. Catheter‐based modulation of the intrinsic cardiac ANS is emerging as a novel therapy for the management of patients with brady and tachyarrhythmias resulting from hyperactive vagal activation. However, the distribution of intrinsic cardiac nerve plexus in the human heart and the functional properties of intrinsic cardiac neural elements remain insufficiently understood. The present review aims to bring the clinical and anatomical elements of the immune effector cell‐associated neurotoxicity together, by reviewing neuroanatomical terminologies and physiological functions, to guide the clinical electrophysiologist in the catheter lab and to serve as a reference for further research.
Predictors of inappropriate shock in Brugada syndrome patients with a subcutaneous implantable cardiac defibrillator
Authors: Casu Gavino , Silva Etelvino , Bisbal Felipe , Viola Graziana , Merella Pierluigi , Lorenzoni Giovanni , Motta Giovanni , Bandino Stefano , Berne Paola 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundSubcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillators (S‐ICDs) avoid complications secondary to transvenous leads, but inappropriate shocks (ISs) are frequent. Furthermore, IS data from patients with Brugada syndrome (BrS) with an S‐ICD are scarce.ObjectiveWe aimed to establish the frequency and predictors of IS in this population.MethodsWe analyzed the clinical and electrocardiographic characteristics, automated screening test data, device programming, and IS occurrence in adult patients with BrS with an S‐ICD.ResultsThirty‐nine patients were enrolled (69% male, mean age at diagnosis 46 ± 13 years, mean age at implantation 48 ± 13 years). During a mean follow‐up of 26 ± 21 months, 18% patients experienced IS. Patients with IS were younger at the time of diagnosis (36 ± 8 vs. 48 ± 13 years, p = .018) and S‐ICD implantation (38 ± 9 vs. 50 ± 23 years, p = .019) and presented with spontaneous type 1 Brugada electrocardiogram pattern more frequently at diagnosis or during follow‐up (71% vs. 25%, p = .018). During automated screening tests, patients with IS showed lower QRS voltage in the primary vector in the supine position (0.58 ± 0.26 vs. 1.10 ± 0.35 mV, p = .011) and lower defibrillator automated screening score in the primary vector in the supine (123 ± 165 vs. 554 ± 390 mV, p = .005) and standing (162 ± 179 vs. 486 ± 388 mV, p = .038) positions. Age at diagnosis was the only independent predictor of IS (hazard ratio = 0.873, 95% confidence interval: 0.767–0.992, p = .037).ConclusionIS was a frequent complication in patients with BrS with an S‐ICD. Younger age was independently associated with IS. A more thorough screening process might help prevent IS in this population.
Comparison of the lesion formation and safety in ex vivo porcine heart study: Using ThermoCool SmartTouch and ThermoCool SmartTouch‐SF catheters
Authors: Guo Min , Qu Lijuan , Zhang Nan , Yan Rui , Xue Zheng , Sun Meng , Wang Rui 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe study was performed to compare the efficacy and safety during radiofrequency ablation (RFA) using ThermoCool SmartTouch (ST) and ThermoCool SmartTouch‐SF (STSF) catheters in the porcine heart.Methods and ResultsRFA was performed on the porcine myocardium by using two irrigated ablation catheters. Three groups were divided based on the different contact forces (CFs): low contact force (LCF) (1–3 g), medium contact force (MCF) (5–10 g), and high contact force (HCF) (15–20 g). In each group, RFA was delivered at four power settings of 30, 40, 50, 60 W. At each power, RFA was applied to reach the target ablation index (AI) of 350, 450, and 500. Altogether, 360 RF lesions were created by using 72 ablation conditions. AI value was positively correlated with lesion size using ST and STSF catheters. At a fixed power, lesion dimensions significantly smaller in the LCF group, whereas did not differ between MCF and HCF groups. Furthermore, at a fixed CF, lesion dimensions increased with power set at 40 W compared with 30 W but decreased with high‐power RF energy (50 and 60 W). Although the average lesion surface diameter and the maximum diameter was increased using the STSF catheter, there were no significant differences in LV between the two catheters. The steam pop provoked more frequently using ST catheter and showed a negative correlation with CF and positive correlation with high‐power energy.ConclusionThe STSF catheter is safer and equally effective in lesion formation compared with the ST catheter. LV was increased along with the early increase of CF and power, whereas a further increase of CF and power significantly reduces the lesion size.
Cerebriform sebaceous nevus: a subtype of organoid nevus due to specific postzygotic FGFR2 mutations
Authors: Theiler M. , Weibel L. , Christen‐Zaech S. , Carmignac V. , Sorlin A. , Neuhaus K. , Chevarin M. , Thauvin‐Robinet C. , Philippe C. , Faivre L. , Vabres P. , Kuentz P. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundPostzygotic mutations in FGFR2 have been identified in mosaic forms of acne, keratinocytic epidermal nevi, nevoid acanthosis nigricans / rounded and velvety epidermal nevus and in two fetuses with papillomatous pedunculated sebaceous nevus (PPSN).ObjectivesTo determine the clinical and genetic characteristics of children with cerebriform, papillomatous and pedunculated variants of sebaceous nevi.MethodsInfants diagnosed with sebaceous nevi characterized by a cerebriform, papillomatous and/or pedunculated morphology over a 10‐year period (2010–2019) at three paediatric dermatology centres in Switzerland and France were included in this case series. Clinical and histological characteristics were assessed. Next‐generation sequencing was used to assess for FGFR2 mutations.ResultsAll nevi were located on the head, with a rounded or linear shape and a typical cerebriform, sometimes papillomatous and pedunculated, surface. No associated extracutaneous anomalies were found. Nevi harboured postzygotic mutations in the transmembrane domain of FGFR2 in 6/8 children (75%), either the known specific p.(Cys382Arg) mutation in 5 cases, or a novel mutation, p.(Val395Asp), in one.ConclusionsWe found an exquisite genotype–phenotype correlation in these rare nevi, with specific postzygotic mutations in the transmembrane domain of FGFR2. As not all lesions were truly papillomatous and pedunculated, the term cerebriform sebaceous nevus (CSN) appears more suitable than PPSN to describe this entity. The cerebriform pattern of CSN is reminiscent of cutis gyrata, as seen in Beare–Stevenson syndrome, which is caused by closely related germline FGFR2 mutations. While clinically impressive, CSN seem to carry a good prognosis and a low risk for extracutaneous associations.
Experimental study on drying kinetics of ivy gourd using solar dryer
Authors: Elangovan Elavarasan , Natarajan Sendhil Kumar 
Published: April 2021

AbstractVegetable preservation through drying technology is an effective method to minimize wastage while satisfying the essential nutrition requirements. It is necessary to expand the existing technologies to preserve seasonal and regional specific vegetables. The present study is intended to find suitable conditions to increase preservation capacity through solar drying. A single slope solar dryer (SSSD) is designed, fabricated and ivy gourd is taken as a vegetable sample. Experiments are carried out in the highest temperature region in South India at 10.925°N latitude, 79.838°E longitude. The safe moisture content of the passive and active mode solar dryer was attained in 9 and 7 hr whereas it took 11 hr in sun drying. During the dehydrating process, the temperature of the system varied from 35 to 71°C. Existing kinetics models are used to optimize the “goodness of fit” and proposed a novel model to suit India's environmental conditions. Exergy analysis and thin layer drying kinetic studies are performed and studied the influence of various parameters in the dehydrating of ivy gourd. The study revealed that the air temperature, RH, global radiation, and airspeed, significantly influence the drying kinetics. However, all the above four drying parameters are interconnected to enhance the drying process and which in turn enhance the drying kinetics process. Obtained results are explained with suitable discussions.Practical ApplicationAlmost 40–50% amount of food items annually are rotten all over the global due to deficiency of proper preservation methods. Solar drying is found as a sustainable approach for food preservation; however, the food items dehydrated under sun dehydrating lose their nutritional, medicinal properties due to slow and nonuniform dehydrating rate. In this article, the newly designed SSSD is developed and a thin‐layer dehydrating mathematical correlation for freshly harvested ivy gourd is conducted. The results showed that forced convection solar drying setup could enhance the product quality of ivy gourd and also decrease the dehydrating time.
Drying characteristics of fermented‐cooked cassava chips used in the production of complementary food: Mathematical and Gaussian process regression modeling approaches
Authors: Okonkwo Clinton E. , Olaniran Abiola F. , Adeyi Oladayo , Adeyi Abiola J. , Ojediran John O. , Adewumi Adejoke D. , Iranloye Yetunde M. , Erinle Oluwakemi C. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe hot air drying characteristics of fermented‐cooked (FC) cassava chips were investigated at a temperature of 50, 60, and 70°C and the fan speed of 0.5, 0.9, and 1.3 m/s. Proximate compositions, functional characteristics, and moisture diffusion parameters of the FC cassava chips were also studied. Furthermore, the applicability of mathematical (MM) and Gaussian process regression (GPR) – based modeling approaches for modeling drying kinetics of the chips was analyzed. Effective diffusivity (Deff) increased with an increase in temperature and fan speed and ranged between 1.1 × 108 and 6 × 108 m2/s. The activation energy (Ea) decreased with fan speed level up to 0.9 m/s and fluctuated between 0.9 and 1.3 m/s. Ea was from 46 to 57 KJ/mol. The drying rate decreased with an increase in temperature and fan speed. Process variables also showed a significant effect on the proximate compositions. FTIR result revealed that drying affected the functional characteristics of the chips. The GPR‐based model showed superiority and can therefore be used for optimization and control monitoring which are necessary for product standardization.Practical ApplicationsDrying of food materials happens to be a major unit operation in the most food process line, prompting the establishment of its drying conditions important. Drying kinetic modeling is very crucial for accurate control of the drying process in the industries. This study shows that GPR‐ based models performed better than mathematical models for modeling the drying curve of FC cassava chips. It also shows how some processing operation affects the functional properties of the chips. GPR‐models are useful in developing robust control systems for industrial drying processes.
Using machine‐learning algorithms to identify patients at high risk of upper gastrointestinal lesions for endoscopy
Authors: Liu Yongjia , Lin Da , Li Lan , Chen Yu , Wen Jiayao , Lin Yiguang , He Xingxiang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackground and AimEndoscopic screening for early detection of upper gastrointestinal (UGI) lesions is important. However, population‐based endoscopic screening is difficult to implement in populous countries. By identifying high‐risk individuals from the general population, the screening targets can be narrowed to individuals who are in most need of an endoscopy. This study was designed to develop an artificial intelligence (AI)‐based model to predict patient risk of UGI lesions to identify high‐risk individuals for endoscopy.MethodsA total of 620 patients (from 5300 participants) were equally allocated into 10 parts for 10‐fold cross validation experiments. The machine‐learning predictive models for UGI lesion risk were constructed using random forest, logistic regression, decision tree, and support vector machine (SVM) algorithms. A total of 48 variables covering lifestyles, social‐economic status, clinical symptoms, serological results, and pathological data were used in the model construction.ResultsThe accuracies of the four models were between 79.3% and 93.4% in the training set and between 77.2% and 91.2% in the testing dataset (logistics regression: 77.2%; decision tree: 87.3%; random forest: 88.2%; SVM: 91.2%;). The AUCs of four models showed impressive predictive ability. Comparing the four models with the different algorithms, the SVM model featured the best sensitivity and specificity in all datasets tested.ConclusionsMachine‐learning algorithms can accurately and reliably predict the risk of UGI lesions based on readily available parameters. The predictive models have the potential to be used clinically for identifying patients with high risk of UGI lesions and stratifying patients for necessary endoscopic screening.
Independent separate legal representation for rape complainants in adversarial systems: lessons from Northern Ireland
Authors: ILIADIS MARY , SMITH OLIVIA , DOAK JONATHAN 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn March 2018, Northern Ireland was divided by the acquittal of four men for rape, attempted rape, exposure, and perverting the court of justice in what became known as the ‘Belfast Rugby Rape Trial’. The case resulted in considerable debate about the ill‐treatment of rape complainants and prompted the Gillen Review into the Laws and Procedures in Serious Sexual Offences. Gillen proposed the introduction of separate legal representation (SLR) to safeguard complainants’ sexual history and medical records pre‐trial. Since the Review was published, however, scepticism about the applicability of complainant SLR within an adversarial context remains. We examine the arguments for and against SLR in adversarial systems and propose a ‘Gillen‐plus’ framework for SLR that would not interfere with the accused's rights or public interest and could provide the basis for reform across other adversarial jurisdictions. We question whether Northern Ireland's unique socio‐political context strengthens or weakens the justifications for introducing SLR.