bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PhiΦBreast &amp; Theory of Spiral Cancer - New Diagnostic Techniques Breast Cancer Detection
Authors: Trapanese Ersilio , Tarro Giulio 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background Breast cancer today is one of the most aggressive in women and new cases continue to increase worldwide. The incidence of this tumor is kept under control especially by surgery and to reduce mortality we need detect life threatening disease at an earlier stage. We conducted two years a study for the identification and characterization of suspicious breast lesions using a new diagnostic technique applied to ultrasonography and mammography called “PhiΦBreast.” Methods Identification and characterization of category C4-C5 lesions of the breast with high Predictive Positive PPV value, by means of a new innovative method called “PhiΦBreast” using the Golden Ratio (Phi, or Φ 1.618...) Fibonacci sequence and a Predictive Algorithm, applied to the ultrasonography and mammography with subsequent deepening with cytological examination using fine needle aspiration (FNAC), according to evaluation criteria of the Breast Imaging Report Data System (BI-RADS) and the American College of Radiology (ACR). Usefulness of this research is to detect the breast cancer early on with this new diagnostic technique, in addition to develop a classification model of the histological type identified in the section areas and the percentage of probability in relation between the golden spiral and Fibonacci sequence. This amazing intuition gave rise Theory of Spiral Cancer. Results Using Golden Ratio and Fibonacci sequence, applied to ultrasonography and mammography, we have experimented and developed a diagnostic map with characteristics of high probability of identifying suspicious lesions at an early stage. We examined 987 women, 55 lesions detected with PhiΦBreast pattern were classified according to BI-RADS descriptors for US-imaging, including morphologic features that had a high predictive value for the malignancy (p <0.001). This innovative diagnostic tecnique has shown a sensitivity 95%, a specificity 97%, a positive predictive value 97%, a negative predictive value 96%. The discriminating capacity of PhiΦBreast was significantly better than normal ultrasonography (P < 0,05). Furthermore with a predictive algorithm associated with malignant cytology after FNAC, we have classified different types of cancer potentially life threatening for patients. Conclusion PhiΦBreast could be an important new model diagnostic technique to be applied ultrasound and mammography for detection malignant lesions of category C4-C5.
Coal pit lakes in abandoned mining areas in León (NW Spain): characteristics and geoecological significance
Authors: Redondo-Vega José María , Melón-Nava Adrián , Peña-Pérez Sergio Alberto , Santos-González Javier , Gómez-Villar Amelia , González-Gutiérrez Rosa Blanca 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Mining activity introduces severe changes in landscapes and, subsequently, in land uses. One of the most singular changes is the existence of pit lakes, which occur in active and, more frequently, abandoned mines. Pit lakes are produced by water table interception when open-pit mines deepen. Their characteristics are highly variable, depending on the type of mine, the environment or the climate. In León province there is a long tradition of coal mining that dates back to the 19th century, and hundreds of open pits from the 1970s to 2018 have been opened, producing permanent landscape changes. This work analyses the main parameters, including morphological measurements, depth and pH values obtained from aerial photos and field work, of 76 coal pit lakes more than 30 m in length. The vast majority of these pit lakes were unknown until now and were not included in inventories or maps. The data obtained provide baseline knowledge that will allow, in the future, potential uses (storage of water for various uses, recreational use, wildlife habitat, and geological heritage sites) for these pit lakes and establish their importance as a new geoecological environment.
First-Line Pembrolizumab Plus Chemotherapy for Extensive-Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
Authors: Zhu Youwen , Hu Huabin , Ding Dong , Li Shuosha , Liao Mengting , Shi Yin , Huang Jin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background：The phase III clinical trial Keynote-604 indicated that pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy could generate clinical benefits in Extensive-Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer (ES-SCLC). We aim to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy as the first-line treatment of ES-SCLC from the United States (US) payers’ perspective.Methods: A synthetical Markov model was used to evaluate cost and effectiveness of pembrolizumab plus platinum-etoposide (EP) versus EP in first-line therapy for ES-SCLC from the data of Keynote-604. Lifetime costs life-years (LYs), quality adjusted LYs (QALYs), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were estimated. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed. In addition, We also considered subgroup cost-effectiveness.Results: Pembrolizumab plus EP resulted in additional 0.18 QALYs (0.32 LYs) and corresponding incremental costs $113,625, resulting an ICER of $647,509 per QALY versus EP. The most influential factor in this model was the cost of pembrolizumab. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis showed there was 0% probability that pembrolizumab combination chemotherapy was cost-effective at willingness-to-pay (WTP) values of $150,000 per QALY in the US. The results of subgroup probabilistic sensitivity analyses suggested that all subgroups were not cost-effective.Conclusion: From the perspective of the US payer, pembrolizumab plus EP is not a cost-effective option as first-line treatment for patients with ES-SCLC at a WTP threshold of $150,000 per QALY.
Multimodal Management of Traumatic Faecal Incontinence Focused on Sphincteroplasty: Long-term Outcomes From a Single Center Case Series
Authors: Cerdán Carlos , Cerdán-Santacruz Débora , Milla-Collado Lucía , de León Antonio Ruiz , Miguel Javier Cerdán 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: The management of patients with fecal incontinence and an external anal sphincter (EAS) defect remains controversial.Methods: We present a retrospective series of overlapping anal sphincteroplasties performed between 1985-2013 by a single surgeon supplemented by selective puborectalis plication and internal anal sphincter repair. Patients were clinically followed along with anorectal manometry, continence scoring (Cleveland Clinic Incontinence Score - CCS) and patient satisfaction scales. Patients with a suboptimal outcome were managed with combinations of biofeedback therapy, (BFT) peripheral tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS), sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) or repeat sphincteroplasty.Results: There were 120 anterior sphincter repairs with 90 (75%) levatorplasties and 84 (70%) IAS repairs. Over a median follow-up of 120 months (range 60-173.7 months) there were significant improvements in the recorded CCIS values (90.8% with a preoperative CCIS > 15 vs. 2.5% postoperatively; P < 0.001). There were 42 patients who required ancillary treatment with 4 repeat sphincteroplasties, 35 patients undergoing biofeedback therapy, 10 patients treated with PTNS and 3 managed with SNS implants with an ultimate good functional outcome in 92.9% of cases. No difference was noted in ultimate functional outcome between those treated with sphincteroplasty alone compared with those who needed ancillary treatments (97.1% vs. 85.7%, respectively). Overall, 93.3% considered the outcome as either good or excellent.Conclusions: Long-term functional outcomes of an overlapping sphincteroplasty are good. If the initial outcome is suboptimal, response to ancillary treatments remains good and patients are not compromised by a first-up uncomplicated sphincter repair.
ZCCHC24 is a Prognostic-related Biomarker and Correlated with Immune Infiltrates in Gastric Cancer and Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Huang Jiahuang , Zhang Qinhui , Li Wei , Shu Jianchang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: ZCCHC24 is one of alternative splicing factors which affect immune cell infiltration, but the mechanisms whereby it drives immune infiltration in cancer remain uncertain. Methods: ZCCHC24 expression was analyzed via the Oncomine database and Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) site. We evaluated the influence of ZCCHC24 on clinical prognosis using Kaplan-Meier plotter, the PrognoScan database and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA). The correlations between ZCCHC24 and cancer immune infiltrates was investigated via TIMER. In addition, correlations between ZCCHC24 expression and gene marker sets of immune infiltrates were analyzed by TIMER and GEPIA.Results: ZCCHC24 significantly impacts the prognosis of diverse cancers via The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). elevated ZCCHC24 expression was significantly correlated with poor OS and progression-free survival (PFS) in gastric cancers (OS HR = 2.11, P = 6.3e-12; PFS HR = 2.03, P = 3.1e-11). Moreover, ZCCHC24 significantly impacts the prognosis of diverse cancers via The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Specifically, high ZCCHC24 expression was correlated with worse OS and PFS in Stage, T stage, N stage, M stage, Lauren classification and differentiation of gastric cancer patients. ZCCHC24 expression was positively correlated with infiltrating levels of CD4+ T，CD8+ T cells, Macrophages, Neutrophils and dendritic cells (DCs) in stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). ZCCHC24 expression showed strong correlations with diverse immune marker sets in STAD and LUSC.Conclusions: These findings suggest that ZCCHC24 is a key factor which governs immune cell recruitment to gastric cancer and lung squamous cell carcinoma, potentially playing a vital role in governing immune cell infiltration and thus representing a valuable prognostic biomarker in gastric cancer and lung squamous cell carcinoma patients.
COVID-19 Preventive Behaviors in Pre-hospital Emergency Personnel: Application of Protection Motivation Theory
Authors: Jeihooni Ali Khani , Esmaeilifar Zeinab , Badehian Ziad , Khaleghi Ali Asghar , ziapour arash , Yari Asiyeh 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Pre-hospital emergency personnel plays a critical role in providing communities with essential medical care during the corona pandemic. Emergency medical services (EMS) are at the forefront of the health care system, and they are the first treatment group associated with COVID-19 patients to transfer suspected and known COVID-19 patients to medical centers. This study aims to investigate the factors affecting COVID-19 preventive behaviors in pre-hospital emergency personnel in Fars province, Iran based on protection motivation theory.Methods: This cross-sectional, web-based survey was conducted on 650 pre-hospital emergency personnel in Fars province in 2020. Data were collected by a questionnaire consisting of demographic information, protection motivation theory, and COVID-19 preventive behaviors.Results: 650 employees of Fars pre-hospital emergency and emergency bases participated in the study. The average age of participants in the study 45.14±10.37 years. There was a positive and significant correlation between preventive behaviors and constructs of the PMT model, including perceived susceptibility, severity, response efficacy, self-efficacy, response cost, and protection motivation. The response cost and protection motivation (behavioral intention) had the lowest and highest percentage of the mean from the maximum obtainable score among structures of the model, respectively. Perceived vulnerability, perceived severity, self-efficacy, and protection motivation (behavioral intention) are the strongest predictor of behavior. The variables predicted 61.3% of the variance of coronavirus preventive behaviors.Conclusion: The results of this study confirm the role of protection motivation theory in adopting preventive behavior of pre-hospital emergency personnel, it is suggested that interventional training be held with this theory, and facilitating protective behaviors as a principle in education should be considered.
Protocatechuic Acid Abrogates Oxidative Insults, Inflammation and Apoptosis in Liver and Kidney Associated With Monosodium Glutamate Intoxication in Rats
Authors: Kassab Rami B. , Theyab Abdulrahman , Al-Ghamdy Ali O. , Algahtani Mohammad , Mufti Ahmad H. , Alsharif Khalaf F. , Abdella Ehab M. , Habotta Ola A. , Omran Mohamed M. , Lokman Maha S. , Bauomy Amira A. , Albrakati Ashraf , Baty Roua S. , Hassan Khalid E. , Alshiekheid Maha A. , Moneim Ahmed E. Abdel , Masry Heba A. El 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Monosodium glutamate (MSG), a commonly used flavor enhancer, has been reported to induce hepatic and renal dysfunctions. In this study, the palliative role of protocatechuic acid (PCA) in MSG-administered rats was elucidated. Adult male rats were assigned to four groups, namely control, MSG (4 mg/kg), PCA (100 mg/kg), and the last group was co-administered MSG and PCA at aforementioned doses for seven days. Results showed that MSG augmented the hepatic (AST and ALT) and renal (urea and creatinine) functions markers as well as glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol and LDL levels. Moreover, marked increases in MDA levels accompanied by declines in GSH levels and notable decreases in the activities of SOD, CAT, GPx, and GR were observed in MSG-treated group. The MSG-mediated oxidative stress was further confirmed by down-regulation of Nfe2l2 gene expression levels in both tissues. In addition, MSG enhanced the hepatorenal inflammatory response as witnessed by increased inflammatory cytokines (IL-1b and TNF-α) and elevated NF-κB levels in both tissues. Further, significant increases in Bax (pro-apoptotic biomarker) levels together with decreases in Bcl-2 (anti-apoptotic marker) levels were observed in MSG administration. Hepatic and renal histopathological screening supported the biochemical and molecular findings. On the contrary, co-treatment of rats with PCA resulted in remarkable enhancement of the antioxidant cellular capacity, suppression of inflammatory mediators and apoptosis. These effects are possibly endorsed for activation of Nrf-2 and suppression of NF-kB signaling pathways. Collectively, addition of PCA counteracted MSG-induced hepatic and renal injurious effects through modulation of oxidative, inflammatory and apoptotic alterations.
Knowledge and Readiness of Community Health Volunteers to Lead Sensitization of Communities on COVID-19 Vaccination in Kenya: A Crosssectional Study
Authors: Osur Joachim O. , Muinga Evelyne OF , Ireri Edward , Carter Jane , Kuria Shiphrah , Hussein Salim 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
BackgroundVaccination is anticipated to bring the COVID-19 pandemic to an ultimate end. Community health volunteers (CHVs) are the link between communities and the formal health system and are therefore a vital factor in successful vaccine rollout in Kenya. However, the ability of CHVs to lead community sensitization on COVID-19 vaccination was uncertain. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge of CHVs on COVID-19 vaccination, and determine if their knowledge is adequate to lead sensitization of communities in the national COVID-19 vaccination programme.MethodsThis was a mixed methods study comprising a cross-sectional survey and key informant interviews. Quantitative data were collected from 413 CHVs in four counties of Kenya through telephone interviews; 12 key informants were also interviewed through telephone interviews. SPSS version 25.0 and R script programming were utilised to analyse quantitative data. Qualitative data were analyzed using MAXQDA software.ResultsOf 413 CHVs surveyed, 82.3% felt inadequately informed to engage with communities on COVID-19 vaccination. There was a significant difference in the level of knowledge between CHVs in urban compared to rural counties (P=0.0005). The level of knowledge was also higher among more educated CHVs compared to less educated CHVs (OR=3.04, 95% CI: 2.47-3.61; p < 0.001). Knowledge on COVID-19 vaccine was higher in CHVs who had previously received accredited training on COVID-19 (OR=1.86, 95% CI: 1.28-2.45; p < 0.001) and this had a significant influence on CHV’s willingness to be vaccinated. CHVs with higher levels of knowledge were more likely to express readiness to engage with communities on COVID-19 vaccination than those with lesser knowledge (P=0.0001). ConclusionCHVs in four counties of Kenya did not have adequate knowledge on COVID-19 vaccination which is a major constraint to their work of mobilising communities to accept COVID-19 vaccination.
Stability Analysis of Nonlinear Glue Flow Control System With Delay
Authors: Ding Yuting , Zheng Liyuan , Guo Jining 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we improve a new mathematical model associated with glue flow control system for glue applying of particleboard. Firstly, we study the existence and stability of the equilibria and the existence of fold, Hopf and Bogdanov-Takens bifurcations in above system. Next, the normal forms of Hopf bifurcation and Bogdanov-Takens bifurcation are derived, and the classifications of local dynamics near above bifurcation critical values are analyzed. Then, numerical simulation results show that the flow control system associated with glue applying of particleborad exists stable equilibrium, stable periodic-1, periodic-2, and periodic-4 solutions, and chaotic attractor phenomenon from a sequence of period-doubling bifurcations. Finally, we compare the dynamical phenomena of flow control system with and without cubic terms, showing that cubic terms can effect the dynamical behaviors of flow control system.
Non-S-Wave Pairing Symmetries in Superconducting in and Sn Nanoparticles
Authors: Ma Ma-Hsuan , Batsaikhan Erdembayalag , Chen Huang-Nan , Chen Ting-Yang , Lee Chi-Hung , Li Wen-Hsien , Wu Chun-Ming , Wang Chin-Wei 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We report on experimental evidence of non-s-wave pairing in In and Sn nanoparticle assemblies. Spontaneous magnetizations are observed, through extremely weak-field magnetization and neutron-diffraction measurements, to develop when the nanoparticles enter the superconducting state. The superconducting transition temperature TC shifts to a noticeably higher temperature when an external magnetic field or magnetic Ni nanoparticles are introduced into the vicinity of the superconducting In or Sn nanoparticles. There is a critical magnetic field and a critical Ni composition that must be reached before the magnetic environment will suppress the superconductivity. Development of spin-parallel superconducting pairs on the surfaces and spin-antiparallel superconducting pairs in the core of the nanoparticles is used to understand the observations.
Evaluation of Sedentary Behavior and Physical Activity Levels Using Different Accelerometry Protocols in Children from the GENOBOX study
Authors: Llorente-Cantarero Francisco Jesus , Jurado-Castro Jose Manuel , Leis Rosaura , Vázquez-Cobela Rocío , González-Gil Esther M , Aguilera Concepción María , Bueno Gloria , Moreno Luis A. , Gil Angel , Gil-Campos Mercedes 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Objectives. The present study aimed to examine the sedentary behavior (SB) and physical activity (PA) levels in children using six selected accelerometry protocols based on diverse cut-off points.Methods. Clinical examination, anthropometric measurements, and PA evaluation by accelerometry were assessed in 543 selected children (10±2.4 years old) from the Spanish GENOBOX study. The ActiLife data scoring program was used to determine daily min spent in SB, and light, moderate, vigorous and moderate-vigorous PA using six validated accelerometry protocols differing in their cutt-off points.Results. Very different estimations for SB and PA intensity levels were found in children, independently of the non-wear-time algorithm selected, and considering puberty stages, age and body mass index. The time spent in daily SB varied from 471 to 663.7 min, PA ranged from 141 to 301.6 min, and the moderate-vigorous PA was reported between 20.7 and 180.2 min.Conclusion. The choice of a particular accelerometry protocol considering these factors is important to evaluate SB or PA intensities to suit the characteristics of the sample researched. It seems necessary to establish future lines of research that include different analytical approaches to measure SB and PA by accelerometry based on standardized and validated methodology.
Backstepping Global and Structural Stabilization of DC/DC Boost Converter
Authors: MADNI Zineb , GUESMI kamel , BENALIA Atallah 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This paper deals with the stabilization of DC/DC boost converter and the nonlinear phenomena elimination using a constrained Backstepping technique. Based on the converter averaged model, the pro- posed control approach is designed and the input to state stability concept is used to proof the system global stability. Furthermore, the structural stability is proven to show the eﬃciency of the proposed approach to suppress the nonlinear phenomena exhibited by the converter. The simulation results illustrate the diﬀerent regions of stability of the system and the bifurcation diagrams are given to show the eﬀectiveness of the proposed approach in terms of nonlinear phenomena suppression.
Changes in Smoking Habits in Pregnant Women During COVID-19 Pandemic. A Comparison of Two Cohorts
Authors: Llorca Javier , Lechosa-Muñiz Carolina , Vejo-Iandalia Veronica , Vilanova-Fernández Sonia , Dierssen-Sotos Trinidad , Paz-Zulueta Maria , Cabero-Perez Maria J 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Although smoking in pregnancy has well known deleterious effects, about 50% women who smoked out of the pregnancy continue to smoke while pregnant. The main is to study changes in smoking in pregnancy during covid-19 pandemic.Methods: We compare two cohorts of pregnant women: one recruited in 2018 (pre-pandemic cohort) and one recruited from March 2020 on (pandemic cohort).Results: The percentage of women who smoked decreased from 13% in the pre-pandemic cohort to 8% in the pandemic cohort (p<0.001). This step-down was similar in all age groups and both employed and unemployed/no active women. Among women in the pandemic cohort, those whose pregnancy began after March-2020 (when the pandemic was declared) reported 1% smoking prevalence, which is much lower than smoking prevalence in women whose pregnancy began before the pandemic was declared.Conclusion: Smoking was less frequent in pregnancies during the covid-19 pandemic and even less frequent in women whose pregnancy began after the pandemic was declared. The effect that lockdown, stay-at-home orders or healthier behaviour habits could have had on smoking in pregnancy would require further research.Trial registration: The study was approved by the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of Cantabria (reference: 2020.174).