bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A millennium-long climate history of erosive storms across the Tiber River Basin, Italy, from 725 to 2019 CE
Authors: Diodato Nazzareno , Ljungqvist Fredrik Charpentier , Bellocchi Gianni 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRainfall erosivity drives damaging hydrological events with significant environmental and socio-economic impacts. This study presents the world’s hitherto longest time-series of annual rainfall erosivity (725–2019 CE), one from the Tiber River Basin (TRB), a fluvial valley in central Italy in which the city of Rome is located. A historical perspective of erosive floods in the TRB is provided employing a rainfall erosivity model based on documentary data, calibrated against a sample (1923–1964) of actual measurement data. Estimates show a notable rainfall erosivity, and increasing variability, during the Little Ice Age (here, ~ 1250–1849), especially afterc. 1495. During the sixteenth century, erosive forcing peaked at > 3500 MJ mm hm–2 h–1 yr–1in 1590, with values > 2500 MJ mm hm–2 h–1 yr–1in 1519 and 1566. Rainfall erosivity continued into the Current Warm Period (since ~ 1850), reaching a maximum of ~ 3000 MJ mm hm–2 h–1 yr–1in the 1940s. More recently, erosive forcing has attenuated, though remains critically high (e.g., 2087 and 2008 MJ mm hm–2 h–1 yr–1in 1992 and 2005, respectively). Comparison of the results with sediment production (1934–1973) confirms the model’s ability to predict geomorphological effects in the TRB, and reflects the role of North Atlantic circulation dynamics in central Italian river basins.
The gut microbiota and microbial metabolites are associated with tail biting in pigs
Authors: Verbeek Else , Keeling Linda , Landberg Rikard , Lindberg Jan Erik , Dicksved Johan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTail biting is an abnormal behaviour that causes stress, injury and pain. Given the critical role of the gut-microbiota in the development of behavioural problems in humans and animals, the aim of this study was to determine whether pigs that are biters, victims of tail biting or controls (nine matched sets of pigs) have a different microbiota composition, diversity and microbial metabolite profile. We collected faecal and blood samples from each individual for analysis. The gut microbiota composition was most different between the biter and the control pigs, with a higher relative abundance of Firmicutes in tail biter pigs than the controls. Furthermore, we detected differences in faecal and plasma short chain fatty acids (SCFA) profiles between the biter and victim pigs, suggesting physiological differences even though they are kept in the same pen. Thus, in addition to supporting an association between the gut microbiota and tail biting in pigs, this study also provides the first evidence of an association between tail biting and SCFA. Therefore, further research is needed to confirm these associations, to determine causality and to study how the SCFA profiles of an individual play a role in the development of tail biting behaviour.
Effects of an electric field on sleep quality and life span mediated by ultraviolet (UV)-A/blue light photoreceptor CRYPTOCHROME in Drosophila
Authors: Kawasaki Haruhisa , Okano Hideyuki , Nedachi Takaki , Nakagawa-Yagi Yuzo , Hara Akikuni , Ishida Norio 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAlthough electric fields (EF) exert beneficial effects on animal wound healing, differentiation, cancers and rheumatoid arthritis, the molecular mechanisms of these effects have remained unclear about a half century. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying EF effects in Drosophila melanogaster as a genetic animal model. Here we show that the sleep quality of wild type (WT) flies was improved by exposure to a 50-Hz (35 kV/m) constant electric field during the day time, but not during the night time. The effect was undetectable in cryptochrome mutant (cryb) flies. Exposure to a 50-Hz electric field under low nutrient conditions elongated the lifespan of male and female WT flies by ~ 18%, but not of several cry mutants and cry RNAi strains. Metabolome analysis indicated that the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content was higher in intact WT than cry gene mutant strains exposed to an electric field. A putative magnetoreceptor protein and UV-A/blue light photoreceptor, CRYPTOCHROME (CRY) is involved in electric field (EF) receptors in animals. The present findings constitute hitherto unknown genetic evidence of a CRY-based system that is electric field sensitive in animals.
Soil organic matter and clay zeta potential influence aggregation of a clayey red soil (Ultisol) under long-term fertilization
Authors: He Yangbo , Yang Mingxuan , Huang Rui , Wang Yao , Ali Waqar 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe effect of soil organic matter (SOM) on aggregation of variably-charged red soils (Ultisol) through clay zeta potential is not fully understood. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to investigate the SOM effect on the clay zeta potential and soil aggregation after fertilization. Soils under 17 years of fertilization (manure, NPK + straw, NPK, and control (CK) were adjusted by KCl solution to reach varying soil pH and concentration in order to determine clay zeta potential, cations, and aggregate size distribution. The SOM content and C-functional groups by13C-NMR analysis were also determined. Results showed that the negative zeta potential displayed a bell-shaped pattern with increasing concentration of KCl, but displayed different amplitude of variation among treatments. Manure had the highest zeta potential value and its degree of variation in relative to the value at KCl concentration of 0.1 mol L−1(19%), NPK + straw and NPK treatments were similar, and CK was the least. Greater negative zeta potential for manure treatment was attributed to higher SOM content, aromatic-C functional groups, and their greater concentrations of Ca2+and Mg2+than did the CK. As a result, higher SOM and clay zeta potential yielded in less release of amount of soil particles (< 10 μm) (r = − 0.46*) and enhanced water stable macroaggregates for manure instead of NPK + straw. Long-term manure fertilization would be suggested as a conservation practice for red soil due to its increase in soil aggregate stability and negative zeta potential in subtropical climate.
Periodic repolarization dynamics as predictor of risk for sudden cardiac death in chronic heart failure patients
Authors: Palacios Saúl , Cygankiewicz Iwona , Bayés de Luna Antoni , Pueyo Esther , Martínez Juan Pablo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe two most common modes of death among chronic heart failure (CHF) patients are sudden cardiac death (SCD) and pump failure death (PFD). Periodic repolarization dynamics (PRD) quantifies low-frequency oscillations in the T wave vector of the electrocardiogram (ECG) and has been postulated to reflect sympathetic modulation of ventricular repolarization. This study aims to evaluate the prognostic value of PRD to predict SCD and PFD in a population of CHF patients. 20-min high-resolution (1000 Hz) ECG recordings from 569 CHF patients were analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups, $$\hbox {PRD}^+$$

PRD
+

and $$\hbox {PRD}^-$$

PRD
-

, corresponding to PRD values above and below the optimum cutoff point of PRD in the study population. Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that SCD risk in the $$\hbox {PRD}^+$$

PRD
+

group was double the risk in the $$\hbox {PRD}^-$$

PRD
-

group [hazard ratio (95% CI) 2.001 (1.127–3.554), $$\hbox {p}<0.05$$

p
<
0.05

]. The combination of PRD with other Holter-based ECG indices, such as turbulence slope (TS) and index of average alternans (IAA), improved SCD prediction by identifying groups of patients at high SCD risk. PFD could be predicted by PRD only when combined with TS [hazard ratio 2.758 (1.572–4.838), $$\hbox {p}<0.001$$

p
<
0.001

]. In conclusion, the combination of PRD with IAA and TS can be used to stratify the risk for SCD and PFD, respectively, in CHF patients.
A benchmarking of human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup classifiers from whole-genome and whole-exome sequence data
Authors: García-Olivares Víctor , Muñoz-Barrera Adrián , Lorenzo-Salazar José M. , Zaragoza-Trello Carlos , Rubio-Rodríguez Luis A. , Díaz-de Usera Ana , Jáspez David , Iñigo-Campos Antonio , González-Montelongo Rafaela , Flores Carlos 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) is of interest for a range of fields including evolutionary, forensic, and medical genetics. Human mitogenomes can be classified into evolutionary related haplogroups that provide ancestral information and pedigree relationships. Because of this and the advent of high-throughput sequencing (HTS) technology, there is a diversity of bioinformatic tools for haplogroup classification. We present a benchmarking of the 11 most salient tools for human mtDNA classification using empirical whole-genome (WGS) and whole-exome (WES) short-read sequencing data from 36 unrelated donors. We also assessed the best performing tool in third-generation long noisy read WGS data obtained with nanopore technology for a subset of the donors. We found that, for short-read WGS, most of the tools exhibit high accuracy for haplogroup classification irrespective of the input file used for the analysis. However, for short-read WES, Haplocheck and MixEmt were the most accurate tools. Based on the performance shown for WGS and WES, and the accompanying qualitative assessment, Haplocheck stands out as the most complete tool. For third-generation HTS data, we also showed that Haplocheck was able to accurately retrieve mtDNA haplogroups for all samples assessed, although only after following assembly-based approaches (either based on a referenced-based assembly or a hybrid de novo assembly). Taken together, our results provide guidance for researchers to select the most suitable tool to conduct the mtDNA analyses from HTS data.
Dried blood sample analysis by antibody array across the total testing process
Authors: Whittaker Kelly , Mao Ying-Qing , Lin Yongping , Zhang Huihua , Zhu Siwei , Peck Hannah , Huang Ruo-Pan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDried blood samples (DBSs) have many advantages; yet, impediments have limited the clinical utilization of DBSs. We developed a novel volumetric sampling device that collects a precise volume of blood, which overcomes the heterogeneity and hematocrit issues commonly encountered in a traditional DBS card collection as well as allowing for more efficient extraction and processing procedures and thus, more efficient quantitation, by using the entire sample. We also provided a thorough procedure validation using this volumetric DBS collection device with an established quantitative proteomics analysis method, and then analyzed 1000 proteins using this approach in DBSs concomitantly with serum for future consideration of utility in clinical applications. Our data provide a first step in the establishment of a DBS database for the broad application of this sample type for widespread use in clinical proteomic and other analyses applications.
The inheritance of anthracnose (Colletotrichum sublineola) resistance in sorghum differential lines QL3 and IS18760
Authors: Cuevas Hugo E. , Cruet-Burgos Clara M. , Prom Louis K. , Knoll Joseph E. , Stutts Lauren R. , Vermerris Wilfred 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAnthracnose caused by the fungal pathogenC. sublineolais an economically important constraint on worldwide sorghum production. The most effective strategy to safeguard yield is through the introgression of resistance alleles. This requires elucidation of the genetic basis of the different resistance sources that have been identified. In this study, 223 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from crossing anthracnose-differentials QL3 (96 RILs) and IS18760 (127 RILs) with the common susceptible parent PI609251 were evaluated at four field locations in the United States (Florida, Georgia, Texas, and Puerto Rico) for their anthracnose resistance response. Both RIL populations were highly susceptible to anthracnose in Florida and Georgia, while in Puerto Rico and Texas they were segregating for anthracnose resistance response. A genome scan using a composite linkage map of 982 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) detected two genomic regions of 4.31 and 0.85 Mb on chromosomes 4 and 8, respectively, that explained 10–27% of the phenotypic variation in Texas and Puerto Rico. In parallel, a subset of 43 RILs that contained 67% of the recombination events were evaluated against anthracnose pathotypes from Arkansas (2), Puerto Rico (2) and Texas (4) in the greenhouse. A genome scan showed that the 7.57 Mb region at the distal end of the short arm of chromosome 5 is associated with the resistance response against the pathotype AMP-048 from Arkansas. Comparative analysis identified the genomic region on chromosome 4 overlaps with an anthracnose resistance locus identified in another anthracnose-differential line, SC414-12E, indicating this genomic region is of interest for introgression in susceptible sorghum germplasm. Candidate gene analysis for the resistance locus on chromosome 5 identified anR-gene cluster that has high similarity to anotherR-gene cluster associated with anthracnose resistance on chromosome 9.
Optimal sampling policy of multi‐dimensional wiener processes with random delivery time
Authors: Peng Fuzhou , Chen Xiang , Gong Jie 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA sampling problem for remote monitoring and estimation of the multi‐dimensional Wiener process through a channel with random delivery time under the constraint of maximum sampling frequency is considered. The authors study the optimal sampling policy that minimizes the mean square error. It is showed that the threshold policy is optimal and the near closed‐form expressions of the optimal threshold and the corresponding mean square error are given. A bisection method is proposed to search the numerical solutions. The results provide a general framework for remote estimation and sampling, including the special cases that the dimension of Wiener source is one and that the delivery time of the channel tends to zero. Simulation results show that even though there is no constraint on the maximum sampling frequency, age‐optimal policy, periodic sampling policy and zero‐wait policy are far from optimal.
An enhanced predictive hierarchical power management framework for islanded microgrids
Authors: Zhang Jimiao , Li Jie , Wang Ning , Wu Ben 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper proposes an enhanced three‐layer predictive hierarchical power management framework for secure and economic operation of islanded microgrids. The tertiary control, guaranteeing the microgrid economic operation, is built upon the semi‐definite programming‐based AC optimal power flow model, which periodically sends power references to secondary control. To mitigate uncertainties arising from renewable generations and loads, a centralized linear model predictive control (MPC) controller is proposed and implemented for secondary control. The MPC controller can effectively regulate the microgrid system frequency by closely tracking reference signals from the tertiary controller with low computational complexity. Droop‐based primary controllers are implemented to coordinate with the secondary MPC controller to balance the system in real time. Both synchronous generators (SGs) and solar photovoltaics (PVs) are simulated in the microgrid power management framework. A unified linear input‐state estimator (ULISE) is proposed for SG state variable estimation and control anomaly detection due to compromised cyber‐physical system components, etc. Simulation results demonstrated that SG states can be accurately estimated, while inconsistency in control signals can be effectively detected for an enhanced MPC. Furthermore, comparing with conventional proportional‐integral (PI) control, the proposed hierarchical power management scheme exhibits superior frequency regulation capability whilst maintaining lower system operating costs.
A single‐microstrip‐fed S‐shaped magneto‐electric dipole array with broadband circular polarisation for MMW applications
Authors: Zhang Changhong , Li Longye , Zhang Rui , Shao Yu , Lin Feng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this study, a single‐microstrip‐fed S‐shaped magneto‐electric (ME) dipole array with broadband circular polarisation is presented for millimetre wave (MMW) applications. The ME dipole is composed of four S‐shaped patches and metalised via holes. The patches are sequentially fed by a single microstrip ring with four impedance matching sections underneath the patches through four via holes. The proposed antenna achieves a 32.7% impedance bandwidth (IBW), 25.7% axial‐ratio bandwidth (ARBW), maximum gain of 8 dBic and low profile of 0.1 λ0 (λ0 is the free space wavelength referring to 28 GHz), which decreases to 40% of general ones with a profile of 0.25 λ0. To confirm the superiority of the antenna, a compact 2 × 8 array with the dimension of 7.8 λ0 × 3 λ0 × 0.1 λ0 is fabricated on two substrate layers. Experimental results show that the IBW is 37% covering 22–32 GHz, ARBW for axial ratio (AR) smaller than 3.4 dB is 26.9% covering 22.5–29.5 GHz, maximum gain is 18.5 dBic, and aperture radiation efficiency (ARE) is better than 70%. In addition, the basic element with excellent performance is single‐microstrip‐fed and easily expandable to any size, which makes it a promising candidate that can be adopted in MMW bands.
First models of the s process in AGB stars of solar metallicity for the stellar evolutionary code ATON with a novel stable explicit numerical solver
Authors: Yagüe López A. , García-Hernández D. A. , Ventura P. , Doherty C. L. , den Hartogh J. W. , Jones S. W. , Lugaro M. 
Published: October 2021

Aims. We describe the first s-process post-processing models for asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars of masses 3, 4, and 5 M⊙ at solar metallicity (Z = 0.018) computed using the input from the stellar evolutionary code ATON.
Methods. The models are computed with the new code SNUPPAT (S-process NUcleosynthesis Post-Processing code for ATON), which includes an advective scheme for the convective overshoot that leads to the formation of the main neutron source, 13C. Each model is post-processed with three different values of the free overshoot parameter. Included in the code SNUPPAT is the novel Patankar-Euler-Deflhard explicit numerical solver, which we use to solve the nuclear network system of differential equations.
Results. The results are compared to those from other s-process nucleosynthesis codes (Monash, FRUITY, and NuGrid), as well as observations of s-process enhancement in AGB stars, planetary nebulae, and barium stars. This comparison shows that the relatively high abundance of 12C in the He-rich intershell in ATON results in an s-process abundance pattern that favours the second over the first s-process peak for all the masses explored. Also, our choice of an advective as opposed to a diffusive numerical scheme for the convective overshoot results in significant s-process nucleosynthesis for the 5 M⊙ models as well, which may be in contradiction with observations.
The 12CO/13CO isotopologue ratio of a young, isolated brown dwarf
Authors: Zhang Yapeng , Snellen Ignas A. G. , Mollière Paul 
Published: October 2021

Context. Linking atmospheric characteristics of planets to their formation pathways is a central theme in the study of extrasolar planets. Although the 12C/13C isotope ratio shows little variation in the Solar System, the atmosphere of a super-Jupiter was recently shown to be rich in 13CO, possibly as a result of dominant ice accretion beyond the CO snow line during its formation. Carbon isotope ratios are therefore suggested to be a potential tracer of formation pathways of planets.
Aims. In this work, we aim to measure the 12CO/13CO isotopologue ratio of a young, isolated brown dwarf. While the general atmospheric characteristics of young, low-mass brown dwarfs are expected to be very similar to those of super-Jupiters, their formation pathways may be different, leading to distinct isotopologue ratios. In addition, such objects allow high-dispersion spectroscopy at high signal-to-noise ratios.
Methods. We analysed archival K-band spectra of the L dwarf 2MASS J03552337+1133437 taken with NIRSPEC at the Keck telescope. A free retrieval analysis was applied to the data using the radiative transfer code petitRADTRANS coupled with the nested sampling tool PyMultiNest to determine the isotopologue ratio 12CO/13CO in its atmosphere.
Results. The isotopologue 13CO is detected in the atmosphere through the cross-correlation method at a signal-to-noise of ~8.4. The detection significance is determined to be ~9.5σ using a Bayesian model comparison between two retrieval models (including or excluding 13CO). We retrieve an isotopologue 12CO/13CO ratio of 97−18+25 (90% uncertainty), marginally higher than the local interstellar standard. Its C/O ratio of ~0.56 is consistent with the solar value.
Conclusions. Although only one super-Jupiter and one brown dwarf now have a measured 12CO/13CO ratio, it is intriguing that they are different, possibly hinting to distinct formation pathways. Regardless of spectroscopic similarities, isolated brown dwarfs may experience a top-down formation via gravitational collapse, which resembles star formation, while giant exoplanets favourably form through core accretion, which potentially alters isotopologue ratios in their atmospheres depending on the material they accrete from protoplanetary disks. This further emphasises atmospheric carbon isotopologue ratio as a tracer of the formation history of exoplanets. In the future, analyses such as those presented here should be conducted on a wide range of exoplanets using medium-to-high-resolution spectroscopy to further assess planet formation processes.
Properties of the ionisation glitch
Authors: Houdayer Pierre S. , Reese Daniel R. , Goupil Marie-Jo , Lebreton Yveline 
Published: October 2021

Context. Determining the properties of solar-like oscillating stars can be subject to many biases. A particularly important example is the helium-mass degeneracy, where the uncertainties regarding the internal physics can cause a poor determination of both the mass and surface helium content. Accordingly, an independent helium estimate is needed to overcome this degeneracy. A promising way to obtain such an estimate is to exploit the so-called ionisation glitch, that is, the deviation from the asymptotic oscillation frequency pattern caused by the rapid structural variation in the He ionisation zones.
Aims. Although it is progressively becoming more sophisticated, the glitch-based approach faces problems inherent to its current modelling such as the need for calibration using realistic stellar models. This requires a physical model of the ionisation region that explicitly involves the parameters of interest, such as the surface helium abundance, Ys.
Methods. Through a thermodynamic treatment of the ionisation region, an analytical approximation for the first adiabatic exponent Γ1 is presented.
Results. The induced stellar structure is found to depend on only three parameters, including the surface helium abundance Ys and the electron degeneracy ψCZ in the convective region. The model thus defined allows a wide variety of structures to be described, and it is in particular able to approximate a realistic model in the ionisation region. The modelling work we conducted enables us to study the structural perturbations causing the glitch. More elaborate forms of perturbations than those that are usually assumed are found. It is also suggested that there might be a stronger dependence of the structure on the electron degeneracy in the convection zone and on the position of the ionisation region rather than on the amount of helium itself.
Conclusions. When analysing the ionisation glitch signature, we emphasise the importance of having a relation that can take these additional dependences into account.