bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Embryogenesis and Organogenesis in the Annelid Owenia Fusiformis
Authors: Carrillo-Baltodano Allan Martín , Seudre Océane , Guynes Kero , Martin-Duran Jose M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background : Annelids are a diverse group of segmented worms within Spiralia, whose embryos exhibit spiral cleavage and a variety of larval forms. While most modern embryological studies focus on species with unequal spiral cleavage nested in Pleistoannelida (Sedentaria + Errantia), a few recent studies looked into Owenia fusiformis , a member of the sister group to all remaining annelids and thus a key lineage to understand annelid and spiralian evolution and development. However, the timing of early cleavage and detailed morphogenetic events leading to the formation of the idiosyncratic mitraria larva of O. fusiformis remain largely unexplored.Results : O. fusiformis undergoes equal spiral cleavage where the first quartet of animal micromeres are slightly larger than the vegetal macromeres. Cleavage results in a coeloblastula approximately five hours post fertilization (hpf) at 19 ºC. Gastrulation occurs via invagination and completes four hours later, with putative mesodermal precursors and the chaetoblasts appearing 10 hpf at the dorsoposterior side. Soon after, at 11 hpf, the apical tuft emerges, followed by the first neurons (as revealed by the expression of elav1 and synaptotagmin1 ) in the apical organ and the prototroch by 13 hpf. Muscles connecting the chaetal sac to various larval tissues develop around 18 hpf and by the time the mitraria is fully formed at 22 hpf, there are FMRFamide + neurons in the apical organ and prototroch, the latter forming a prototrochal ring. As the mitraria feeds, it grows in size and the prototroch expands through active proliferation. The larva becomes competent after ~3 weeks post fertilization at 15 ºC, when a conspicuous juvenile rudiment has formed ventrally.Conclusions : O. fusiformis embryogenesis is similar to that of other equal spiral cleaving annelids, supporting that equal cleavage is associated with the formation of a coeloblastula, gastrulation via invagination, and a feeding trochophore-like larva in Annelida. The nervous system of the mitraria larva forms earlier and is more complex than previously recognized and develops from anterior to posterior, which is likely an ancestral condition to Annelida. Altogether, our study identifies the major developmental events during O. fusiformis ontogeny, defining a conceptual framework for future investigations.
Evaluation of Selected IL6/STAT3 Pathway Molecules and miRNA Expression in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease - the Search for New Diagnostic Markers
Authors: Kiszałkiewicz Justyna , Majewski Sebastian , Piotrowski Wojciech J. , Górski Paweł , Pastuszak-Lewandoska Dorota , Migdalska-Sęk Monika , Brzeziańska-Lasota Ewa 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background COPD has been regarded as a global epidemic due to an increase in pollution and tobacco exposure. Therefore, the study of molecular mechanism as the basis for modern therapy is important. Objective The aim of the study was the assessment of gene expression levels, IL-6, IL-6ST, PIAS3, STAT3, and miRNAs, miR-1, miR-106b, miR-155, in patients with COPD. Methods Induced sputum as well as PBMC were collected from 40 patients clinically verified according to the GOLD 2017 (A-D) classification and from the control group (n = 20). The levels of gene and miRNA expression were analysed by qPCR. Results Statistically significant differences between the study group vs. control group were observed for IL-6 (P = 0.008, Mann-Whitney U test), and miR-155 (P = 0.03, Mann-Whitney U test). There were statistically significant differences between patients: current smokers vs. ex- smokers for STAT3, (P = 0.04, Mann-Whitney U test) and miR-155 (P = 0.03, Mann-Whitney U test) with a higher expression in current smokers. Conclusions Differences in gene expression levels of the IL-6 / gp130 / STAT3 pathway and miRNA depending on the smoking status and classification of patients according to GOLD suggest the importance of these genes in the pathogenesis of COPD and may indicate their potential utility in monitoring the course of the disease.
Multiple huge abscesses of sacroiliac joint and hip: tuberculosis or pyogenic infection? Treatment and literature review
Authors: Li Yujia , Xiong Jiepeng , Gu Yun , Yu Min , Chou Ke 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Sacroiliac joint infection is uncommon in clinical. It's initial symptoms are usually nonspecific, often confused with tuberculosis, septic arthritis of the hip, osteitis of the ilium and lumbar disc herniation which make it difficult to early diagnosis. There is few report about the sacroiliac joint infection, especially with multiple huge abscesses.Case presentation: A 29 years old male who developed pain of the right buttock, and firstly was diagnosed as lumbar disc herniation, then sacroiliac joint tuberculosis. The therapeutic effect was not satisfactory. We performed surgical debridement for him and get the clear diagnosis which is staphylococcus aureus infection of sacroiliac joint. After thoroughly debrided, the symptoms disappeared with adequate and regular antibiotic therapy.Conclusions: For sacroiliac joint infection, clinical suspicion is low, the condition is uncommon, and the general incidence is unknown. It's presentation is diverse. So when encountered similar situations, the sacroiliac joint infection should be considered, and the pathogen should be identified, in order to treat it correctly as soon as possible.
Carbonic anhydrase 2 is a promising predictive factor in cholangiocarcinoma and potential mediator in Metformin treatment
Authors: Li Chaofu , Qin Li , Huang Jian , Zhan Yu , Yu Guanzhen , Huang Haixin , Huang Dongning 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a rare tumor with an aggressive behavior, early diagnosis is impossible as symptoms emerge only in advanced stages. The discovery of a promising biomarker is urgently needed. Carbonic anhydrase 2 (CA2) was found to be dysregulated in diverse cancers, however limited knowledge of CA2 in CCA development was known.
Materials and methods

CA2 expression was detected both in human and rat thioacetamide (TAA)-induced CCA model by RT-PCR and IHC staining. The relationship of CA2 expression with clinical outcomes was evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses. CA2 expression changes were also detected both in vivo and in vitro by a potential CA2 inhibitor, Metformin (Met), which was used to inhibit CCA development.
Results

The level of CA2 expression was increased in biliary lesions with continuous administration of TAA. CA2 was overexpressed in CCA compared with normal tissue samples in rat model and human samples, and correlated significantly with disease progression. Patients with high CA2 expression had a poorer outcome than those without CA2 expression. Met alleviated TAA-induced CCA lesions, and significantly decreased CA2 expression. Colony formation assay showed Met inhibition in CCA cell abilities to form colonies and CA2 expression. CA2 expression was downregulated by Met in a dose- and time-dependent manner in vitro.
Conclusions

These findings indicate that CA2 is a promising predictive and prognostic factor, and might serve as a potentially novel therapeutic target for human CCA.
The Heterogeneity of National Responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic: a Mixed-method Study
Authors: Chen Yi-Ying , Assefa Yibeltal 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: COVID-19 has quickly spread to all corners of the world since its emergence in Wuhan, China in December of 2019. The disease burden has been heterogeneous across regions of the world, with Americas leading in cumulative cases and deaths, followed by Europe, Southeast Asia, Eastern Mediterranean, Africa and Western Pacific. Initial responses to COVID-19 also varied between governments, ranging from proactive containment to delayed intervention. Understanding these variabilities allow high burden countries to learn from low burden countries on ways to create more sustainable response plans in the future.Methods: This study used a mixed-method approach to perform cross-country comparisons of pandemic responses. The chosen countries for this study were the US, Brazil, Germany, Australia, South Korea and Thailand; they were selected based on their income level, relative COVID-19 burden and geographic location. To rationalize the clinical variability between these six countries, a list of 14 indicators was established to systematically assess the countries’ preparedness, actual response, and overall socioeconomic and demographic profile in the context of COVID-19.Results: As of December 1st , 2020, the US had the highest cases per million, followed by Brazil, Germany, Australia, South Korea and Thailand. The same ranking was observed for the countries’ deaths per million statistics. Cross-national comparison suggests that there were nine indicators to explain epidemiological differences between the countries, and they were 1) leadership, governance and coordination of response, 2) communication, 3) community engagement, 4) multisectoral actions, 5) public health capacity, 6) universal health coverage, 7) medical services and hospital capacity, 8) demography and 9) burden of non-communicable diseases.Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic manifests varied outcomes due to differences in countries’ vulnerability, preparedness and response. Our study rationalizes why South Korea, Thailand, Australia and Germany performed better than the US and Brazil. By identifying the strengths of low burden countries and weaknesses of hotspot countries, we elucidate specific factors constituting an effective pandemic response that can be adopted by leaders in preparation for re-emerging public health threats.
The effect on lower limbs of wearing ankle weights in people under/over 70 years old: single comparison after intervention
Authors: Akatsu Hiroyasu , Manabe Toshie , Kawade Yoshihiro , Masaki Yoshiyuki , Hoshino Shigeru , Jo Takashi , Kobayashi Shinya , Hayakawa Tomihiro , Ohara Hirotaka 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background

Since the emergence of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), safety management in gymnastics classrooms has been difficult. As a result, healthy older adults are more likely to voluntarily refrain from attending because of fear of contracting COVID-19, and thus engage in less exercise. In this context, it is important to develop methods for self-prevention of frailty that can be conducted safely and easily at home. We examined the effectiveness of providing ankle weights to older adults as a frailty prevention device.
Methods

All participants were 50–90 years old
and were screened for falls using the Motor Fitness Scale
(MFS).

Participants were divided into two groups (≤ 70 and ≥ 71 years old) and analyzed. We rented ankle weights for 3 months to older adults in the community and evaluated changes in physical and motor function before and after wearing them.
A total of 75 people who responded to
the call for participants used ankle weights for 3 months, and
underwent various measures of physical condition, cognitive
condition, and performance (body composition, grip strength,
standing on one leg with eyes open, 30-second chair stand test
[CS-30], timed up-and-go test [TUG], walking speed, body sway
measurement, and the Japanese version of Montreal Cognitive
Assessment [MOCA-J]) before and 3 months after wearing ankle
weights.
Results

CS-30 performance improved in both
younger and older participants.
Conclusions

CS-30 reflects lower limb/trunk muscle strength and can be used as an index of fall risk. Our results suggest that wearing ankle weights can be recommended as a fall-prevention measure.
Trial registration:

University hospital Medical Information Network ID 000038073) and registration date at April 14th 2020
Clinical and Functional Outcomes of Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty in the Elderly: A retrospective, Single Center, Real-World Study
Authors: Jiang Nan , Zhang Xiaoyan , Wu Yipeng , Wang Yi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: The current study aimed to identify the effectiveness of TKA in improving functional outcomes in a predominantly elderly patient cohort.Methods: Data were collected retrospectively from the patients admitted to a specialist orthopedic center from January 2018 to December 2019. a. Demographic and clinicopathological data and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scores at admission were acquired and entered as continuous variables to assess the outcomes in regression models values lesser than 0.05 was considered significant. Data analysis by univariate regression and Wilcoxon signed-rank test was implemented by R software (ver. 3.6.3)Results: Mean duration of operation was 90.3±29.08 minutes. Intraoperative blood loss was 91.9±26.5 ml for females and 88.6±19.1 ml for males. Mean duration of surgery was 90.3± 29.08 minutes (90.19±23.19 in patients aged ≥65 years). The mean blood loss was 334.55±114.28 mL (349.26±107.43 mL in patients aged ≥65 years). Pain, function and stiffness outcome scores decreased significantly after TKA. Post-surgery, inpatient rehabilitation was attempted by 13.89%, whilst 88.88% of individuals attempted recuperation at home. Preexisting comorbidities like diabetes mellitus was present in 11.11% individuals whilst hypertension was present in 16.67% patients. Radiographic grading revealed 5% of patients with Grade 1 Kellgren Lawrence (K-L) classification, whilst 95% of patients demonstrated Grade 4 classification.Conclusion: Understanding the underlying factors that govern TKA patients' functional restoration of mobility may reduce the length of stay. In this aspect, TKA is a viable option for improving functional outcomes even in elderly patients.
Queens, but not their stored sperm, are resilient to temperature stress
Authors: McAfee Alison , Tarpy David R , Foster Leonard J 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Abiotic stressors such as extreme temperatures can reduce stored sperm viability within queen honey bees. However, little is known about how thermal stress may directly impact queen performance or other maternal quality metrics, such as queen mass, egg laying rate, and development of embryos within eggs. Here, in a blind field trial, we recorded laying pattern, queen mass, and average callow worker mass before and after exposing queens to a cold temperature (4°C, 2 h), hot temperature (42°C, 2 h), and hive temperature (33°C) to serve as a handling control. We then used proteomics to investigate potential vertical effects of maternal temperature stress on embryos, as well as to measure the abundance of previously determined protein markers for temperature stress in the spermathecal fluid. We found no significant effect of abiotic stress on any of the metrics we recorded. These data suggest that there are likely no lasting maternal effects of temperature stress on honey bee queens, and that the queens themselves are highly stress tolerant, but not their stored sperm.
Remote sensing of environmental risk factors for malaria in different geographic contexts
Authors: McMahon Andrea , Mihretie Abere , Ahmed Adem Agmas , Lake Mastewal , Awoke Worku , Wimberly Michael 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background

Despite global intervention efforts, malaria remains a major public health concern in many parts of the world. Understanding geographic variation in malaria patterns and their environmental determinants can support targeting of malaria control and development of elimination strategies. We used multiple sources of remotely-sensed environmental data to analyze the influences of environmental risk factors on malaria cases caused by Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax in two geographic settings in Ethiopia.
Results

We found considerable spatial variation in malaria proportion and the distribution of malaria hot spots. Spectral indices were related to land cover greenness (NDVI) and moisture (NDWI) showed an association between malaria and dry landscapes. Climatic factors, including precipitation and land surface temperature, had positive associations with malaria occurrence. Settlement structure also played an important role, with opposing relationships between settlement density and malaria for the two study areas. Variables related to land surface water, such as irrigated agriculture, wetlands, seasonally flooded waterbodies and height above nearest drainage did not influence malaria proportion.
Conclusion

We found different relationships between malaria and environmental conditions in two geographically distinctive areas. These results emphasize that studies of malaria-environmental relationships and predictive models of malaria occurence should be context specific to account for such differences.
Pivoting in the pandemic: a qualitative study of child and adolescent psychiatrists in the times of COVID-19
Authors: DiGiovanni Madeline , Weller Indigo , Martin Andres 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objectives

We examined the personal and professional impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the development, practice, and shifting values of child and adolescent psychiatrists (CAP), in order to inform how the field may move forward post-pandemic.
Methods

We conducted individual semi-structured interviews of child and adolescent psychiatrists (n = 24) practicing in the US. Participants were selected as a diverse purposive sample of active members of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP). We analyzed anonymized transcripts through iterative coding using thematic analysis aided by NVivo software.
Results

We identified three main thematic domains within participants’ response to the pandemic, which have engendered a reevaluation of and a recommitment to the aims of each clinician and the field of CAP more broadly. These domains, paired with representative questions, include: 1) Unsettling, or “who have we been?” (identifying discontents such as daily inefficiencies and intraprofessional loss of trust); 2) Adaptation, or “who are we now?” (exploring affordances and limitations of virtual work, and the evolution of personal and professional identity); and 3) Reimagination, or “who will we become?” (renewing a commitment to psychiatry as advocacy). Even as we identified a collective agreement toward the need for implementing change, just what needs to change, and how that change will be realized, remain contested.
Conclusion

These three thematic domains, augmented by a national confrontation with race and equity, have engendered a field-wide reckoning with known inequities. They have reinvigorated collective responses and calls to action. The divergent mindsets to change and leadership have provided an aperture for what values and practices the field might instill in its next generation of practitioners.
ADAPTASI SPASIAL PADA RUMAH DOME NGELEPEN SUMBERHARJO, PRAMBANAN, SLEMAN
Authors: Putra Marindrha Priasmara 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTThe aim of this research is to know spatial adaptation of dome house of Ngelepen, Prambanan, Sleman, Yogyakarta which originally lived in Java traditional house, then moved to dome house which has different building characteristic in Java. The addition of outdoor space that occurred in Ngelepen dome provides an indication of the existence of the spatial adaptation of the living environment and human life. This research uses qualitative-rationalistic method approach. The results of this study led to the formation of spatial adaptation that occurred in the dome house Ngelepen is a functional adaptation to the needs of existing space. The adoption of functional adaptation by residents is the addition of outdoor space which includes the addition of new functions, the direction of adding new space, and the extent of the addition of function space. The social and economic aspects are the factors that influence the increase of space outside the dome house because of the change of status from the agrarian environment into the dome tourist village causing the increasing economic and social needs of the inhabitants. Keywords: Functional, Ngelepen dome, Spatial adaptation, Space addition. ABSTRAKTujuan Kajian ini adalah untuk mengetahui adaptasi spasial rumah dome Ngelepen, Prambanan, Sleman, Yogyakarta yang semula tinggal di rumah adat Jawa, kemudian pindah ke rumah kubah yang memiliki karakteristik bangunan berbeda di pulau Jawa. Penambahan ruang luar yang terjadi di Ngelepen dome memberikan indikasi adaptasi spasial lingkungan dan kehidupan manusia. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan metode kualitatif-rasionalistik. Hasil Kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa bentuk adaptasi spasial yang terjadi di rumah dome Ngelepen merupakan adaptasi fungsional terhadap kebutuhan ruang yang ada. Penerapan adaptasi fungsional oleh penghuni adalah penambahan ruang di luar rumah yang meliputi penambahan fungsi baru, arah penambahan ruang baru, dan luasan penambahan fungsi ruang. Aspek sosial dan ekonomi adalah faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pertambahan ruang di luar rumah dome karena perubahan status dari lingkungan agraris ke desa wisata dome yang menyebabkan meningkatnya kebutuhan ekonomi dan sosial penghuni.Kata kunci: Fungsional, Dome Ngelepen, Adaptasi spasial, Penambahan ruang.
UJI TITIK NYALA DAN TITIK BAKAR SEMARBUT ASPAL TIPE 4 BERDASARKAN SNI 2433:2011
Authors: Nur Indriatno Putra Pratama Galeh , Muhammad Yusuf Arif 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTAsphalt is a filtering material of crude oil used as a pavement material. Asphalt quality becomes a very important and must be considered for pavement material, especially in its nature that can be burning and burning. Flash point and asphalt burn point is very important to know as planning of pavement material so that at certain condition of asphalt does not burn. This test aims to determine the point of flame and asphalt burn point. The asphalt samples were taken from asphalt inventory in the laboratory of pavement material of Department of Civil Engineering Education and Planning of FT UNY. The method used is to compare the result of flash point test and burn the emulsion asbuton extract using a modified solar refinery with penetration asphalt 60/70 (asphalt semarbut type 4) with flame point test and asphalt burn 60/70 regular penetration without modification with cleveland cup with regulation of SNI 2433: 2011. Data processing and graphics program used MS Exel 2010 application. Based on the test results concluded that the testing point and point of burning asphalt has been done obtained average flame point value at 250 ° C in an average time of 1.193 minutes, while the value of fuel point occurs when the asphalt temperature is 280 ° C in an average time of 3.48 minutes.Keywords: asphalt, flash point, fuel point ABSTRAK Aspal merupakan material hasil penyaringan minyak mentah yang digunakan sebagai bahan perkerasan jalan. Kualitas aspal menjadi suatu yang sangat penting dan harus diperhatikan untuk bahan perkerasan, terutama dalam sifatnya yang bisa menyala dan terbakar. Titik nyala dan titik bakar aspal sangat penting diketahui sebagai perencanaan bahan perkerasan jalan agar pada saat kondisi tertentu aspal tidak terbakar. Pengujian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui titik nyala dan titik bakar aspal. Sampel aspal diambil dari aspal persediaan di laboratorium bahan perkerasan jalan Jurusan Pendidikan Teknik Sipil dan Perencanaan FT UNY. Metode yang digunakan adalah membandingkan hasil pengujian titik nyala dan bakar ekstrak asbuton emulsi menggunakan peremaja solar yang dimodifikasi dengan aspal penetrasi 60/70 (semarbut aspal tipe 4) dengan pengujian titik nyala dan bakar aspal penetrasi 60/70 biasa tanpa modifikasi dengan alat cleveland cup sesuai dengan peraturan SNI 2433:2011. Pengolahan data dan grafik digunakan program aplikasi MS Exel 2010. Berdasar hasil pengujian disimpulkan bahwa pada pengujian titik nyala dan titik bakar aspal yang telah dilakukan diperoleh rata-rata nilai titik nyala pada suhu 250°C dalam waktu rata rata 1,193 menit, sedangkan nilai titik bakar terjadi ketika suhu aspal 280°C dalam waktu rata rata 3,48 menit. Kata kunci: aspal, titik nyala, titik bakar