bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Foot Orthoses on Running Economy and Foot Longitudinal Arch Motion in Runners With Flat-Arched Feet
Authors: Crago Daniel , Arnold John B. , Bishop Christopher 
Published: March 2021

Purpose: To determine the effect of manipulating foot longitudinal arch motion with different-stiffness foot orthoses on running economy (RE) in runners with flat-arched feet and if changes in arch deformation and recoil were associated with changes in RE. Methods: Twenty-three recreational distance runners performed 5-minute submaximal treadmill runs at 12 km·h−1, in the following 3 conditions in a randomized order: (1) footwear only, (2) flexible orthoses (reduced arch thickness), and (3) standard orthoses. The RE (submaximal steady-state oxygen consumption [VO2submax]) and sagittal arch range of motion were compared among conditions using a repeated-measures analysis of variance and effect sizes (Cohen d). Pearson correlation coefficients were used to determine the association between the change in the sagittal arch range of motion and VO2submax. Results: Compared with standard orthoses, the mean VO2submax was significantly lower in both the flexible orthoses (−0.8 mL·kg−1·min−1, P < .001, d = 0.35) and footwear-only conditions (−1.2 mL·kg−1·min−1, P < .001, d = 0.49). The change in VO2submax between the flexible orthoses and footwear-only conditions was significantly positively correlated with the change in sagittal arch range of motion (r = .591, P = .005). Conclusion: Conventional foot orthoses were associated with poorer RE compared with flexible orthoses and footwear alone. Changes in arch deformation were positively correlated to changes in oxygen consumption, indicating that foot orthoses that limit arch deformation and recoil degrade RE. Foot orthoses that facilitate energy storage and release in the foot longitudinal arch may be advisable for athletes prescribed these devices for clinical purposes to maintain optimal running performance.
Immortalization of Human Keratinocytes Using the Catalytic Subunit of Telomerase
Authors: Beilin A. K. , Gurskaya N. G. , Evtushenko N. A. , Alpeeva E. V. , Kosykh A. V. , Terskikh V. V. , Vasiliev A. V. , Vorotelyak E. A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A new stable line of human keratinocytes was obtained. The cells have altered morphology, both abnormal chromosomal composition and expression of keratinocyte markers, do not show contact inhibition, could be cultured in various media and have limited stratification ability in vitro. Upon transplantation into nude mice the cells have tumorigenic properties.
GSK3 Kinase Inhibitor, CHIR, Suppress Transcription of Tissue Specific POU2F1 Isoform in Burkitt Namalwa Lymphoma Cells
Authors: Pankratova E. V. , Portseva T. N. , Makarova A. A. , Ilyin Yu. V. , Stepchenko A. G. , Georgieva S. G. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
POU2F1 (Oct-1) is a transcription factor, the overexpression of which is found in many human malignant tumors; a significant increase in its level in cells determines the malignant potential of the tumor. POU2F1 is represented in cells by several isoforms that are transcribed from alternative promoters. In Burkitt’s B-cell lymphoma Namalwa, the concentration of tissue-specific isoform Oct-1L is several times higher than in normal B cells. We tested the potential to inhibit the transcription of individual Oct-1 isoforms using the GSK3 kinase inhibitor CHIR, an aminopyrimidine derivative. We have shown that CHIR specifically affects the expression of the tissue-specific isoform Oct-1L, significantly reducing the level of mRNA and Oct-1L protein. However, CHIR does not change the amount of mRNA and protein of the ubiquitous isoform Oct-1A in Namalwa tumor cells. The results obtained show that it is possible to develop a system for selective inhibition of Oct-1 transcription factor isoforms in human cells to suppress drug resistance of tumor cells with a high POU2F1 content.
Risk of mortality in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern 202012/1: matched cohort study
Authors: Challen Robert , Brooks-Pollock Ellen , Read Jonathan M , Dyson Louise , Tsaneva-Atanasova Krasimira , Danon Leon 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objective
To establish whether there is any change in mortality from infection with a new variant of SARS-CoV-2, designated a variant of concern (VOC-202012/1) in December 2020, compared with circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Design
Matched cohort study.

Setting
Community based (pillar 2) covid-19 testing centres in the UK using the TaqPath assay (a proxy measure of VOC-202012/1 infection).

Participants
54 906 matched pairs of participants who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 in pillar 2 between 1 October 2020 and 29 January 2021, followed-up until 12 February 2021. Participants were matched on age, sex, ethnicity, index of multiple deprivation, lower tier local authority region, and sample date of positive specimens, and differed only by detectability of the spike protein gene using the TaqPath assay.

Main outcome measure
Death within 28 days of the first positive SARS-CoV-2 test result.

Results
The mortality hazard ratio associated with infection with VOC-202012/1 compared with infection with previously circulating variants was 1.64 (95% confidence interval 1.32 to 2.04) in patients who tested positive for covid-19 in the community. In this comparatively low risk group, this represents an increase in deaths from 2.5 to 4.1 per 1000 detected cases.

Conclusions
The probability that the risk of mortality is increased by infection with VOC-202012/01 is high. If this finding is generalisable to other populations, infection with VOC-202012/1 has the potential to cause substantial additional mortality compared with previously circulating variants. Healthcare capacity planning and national and international control policies are all impacted by this finding, with increased mortality lending weight to the argument that further coordinated and stringent measures are justified to reduce deaths from SARS-CoV-2.
Severe malnutrition or famine exposure in childhood and cardiometabolic non-communicable disease later in life: a systematic review
Authors: Grey Kelsey , Gonzales Gerard Bryan , Abera Mubarek , Lelijveld Natasha , Thompson Debbie , Berhane Melkamu , Abdissa Alemseged , Girma Tsinuel , Kerac Marko 
Published: March 2021

IntroductionChild malnutrition (undernutrition) and adult non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are major global public health problems. While convincing evidence links prenatal malnutrition with increased risk of NCDs, less is known about the long-term sequelae of malnutrition in childhood. We therefore examined evidence of associations between postnatal malnutrition, encompassing documented severe childhood malnutrition in low/middle-income countries (LMICs) or famine exposure, and later-life cardiometabolic NCDs.MethodsOur peer-reviewed search strategy focused on ‘severe childhood malnutrition’, ‘LMICs’, ‘famine’, and ‘cardiometabolic NCDs’ to identify studies in Medline, Embase, Global Health, and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) databases. We synthesised results narratively and assessed study quality with the UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence checklist.ResultsWe identified 57 studies of cardiometabolic NCD outcomes in survivors of documented severe childhood malnutrition in LMICs (n=14) and historical famines (n=43). Exposure to severe malnutrition or famine in childhood was consistently associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (7/8 studies), hypertension (8/11), impaired glucose metabolism (15/24) and metabolic syndrome (6/6) in later life. Evidence for effects on lipid metabolism (6/11 null, 5/11 mixed findings), obesity (3/13 null, 5/13 increased risk, 5/13 decreased risk) and other outcomes was less consistent. Sex-specific differences were observed in some cohorts, with women consistently at higher risk of glucose metabolism disorders and metabolic syndrome.ConclusionSevere malnutrition or famine during childhood is associated with increased risk of cardiometabolic NCDs, suggesting that developmental plasticity extends beyond prenatal life. Severe malnutrition in childhood thus has serious implications not only for acute morbidity and mortality but also for survivors’ long-term health. Heterogeneity across studies, confounding by prenatal malnutrition, and age effects in famine studies preclude firm conclusions on causality. Research to improve understanding of mechanisms linking postnatal malnutrition and NCDs is needed to inform policy and programming to improve the lifelong health of severe malnutrition survivors.
Establishing and augmenting views on the acceptability of a paediatric critical care randomised controlled trial (the FEVER trial): a mixed methods study
Authors: Deja Elizabeth , Peters Mark J , Khan Imran , Mouncey Paul R , Agbeko Rachel , Fenn Blaise , Watkins Jason , Ramnarayan Padmanabhan , Tibby Shane M , Thorburn Kentigern , Tume Lyvonne N , Rowan Kathryn M , Woolfall Kerry 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveTo explore parent and staff views on the acceptability of a randomised controlled trial investigating temperature thresholds for antipyretic intervention in critically ill children with fever and infection (the FEVER trial) during a multi-phase pilot study.DesignMixed methods study with data collected at three time points: (1) before, (2) during and (3) after a pilot trial.SettingEnglish, Paediatric Intensive Care Units (PICUs).Participants(1) Pre-pilot trial focus groups with pilot site staff (n=56) and interviews with parents (n=25) whose child had been admitted to PICU in the last 3 years with a fever and suspected infection, (2) Questionnaires with parents of randomised children following pilot trial recruitment (n=48 from 47 families) and (3) post-pilot trial interviews with parents (n=19), focus groups (n=50) and a survey (n=48) with site staff. Analysis drew on Sekhon et al’s theoretical framework of acceptability.ResultsThere was initial support for the trial, yet some held concerns regarding the proposed temperature thresholds and not using paracetamol for pain or discomfort. Pre-trial findings informed protocol changes and training, which influenced views on trial acceptability. Staff trained by the FEVER team found the trial more acceptable than those trained by colleagues. Parents and staff found the trial acceptable. Some concerns about pain or discomfort during weaning from ventilation remained.ConclusionsPre-trial findings and pilot trial experience influenced acceptability, providing insight into how challenges may be overcome. We present an adapted theoretical framework of acceptability to inform future trial feasibility studies.Trial registration numbersISRCTN16022198 and NCT03028818.
The socialisation of the adolescent who carries out team sports: a transversal study of centrality with a social network analysis
Authors: Marqués-Sánchez Pilar , Benítez-Andrades José Alberto , Calvo Sánchez María Dolores , Arias Natalia 
Published: March 2021

ObjectivesTo analyse the physical activity carried out by the adolescents in the study, its relationship to being overweight (overweight+obese) and to analyse the structure of the social network of friendship established in adolescents doing group sports, using different parameters indicative of centrality.SettingIt was carried out in an educational environment, in 11 classrooms belonging to 5 Schools in Ponferrada (Spain).Participants235 adolescents were included in the study (49.4% female), who were classified as normal weight or overweight.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPhysical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PAQ-A) was used to study the level of physical activity. A social network analysis was carried out to analyse structural variables of centrality in different degrees of contact.Results30.2% of the participants in our study were overweight. Relative to female participants in this study, males obtained significantly higher scores in the PAQ-A (OR: 2.11; 95% CI: 1.04 to 4.25; p value: 0.036) and were more likely to participate in group sport (OR: 4.59; 95% CI: 2.28 to 9.22; p value: 0.000). We found no significant relationship between physical activity and the weight status in the total sample, but among female participants, those with overweight status had higher odds of reporting high levels of physical exercise (OR: 4.50; 95% CI: 1.21 to 16.74; p value: 0.025). In terms of centrality, differentiating by gender, women who participated in group sports were more likely to be classified as having low values of centrality, while the opposite effect occurred for men, more likely to be classified as having high values of centrality.ConclusionsOur findings, with limitations, underline the importance of two fundamental aspects to be taken into account in the design of future strategies: gender and the centrality within the social network depending on the intensity of contact they have with their peers.
Is there a role for physical activity interventions in the treatment pathway of bladder cancer? A scoping review of the literature
Authors: Bessa Agustina , Bosco Cecilia , Mehrotra Sneha , Rowland Megan , Zhang Hanyu , Russell Beth , Fox Louis , Beyer Katharina , Rammant Elke , Amery Suzanne , Chatterton Kathryn , Peat Nicola , Haggstrom Christel , Van Hemelrijck Mieke 
Published: March 2021

IntroductionPhysical activity (PA) interventions have been introduced in patients with cancer as they may contribute to better treatment outcomes and quality of life (QoL). However, little is known about the impact of PA on patients with bladder cancer (BC). This scoping review aimed to explore efficacy and feasibility of existing PA interventions in the BC care pathway.Methods and analysisPreferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Scoping Review guidelines and the Levac methodology framework were used; electronic databases were searched. Two independent reviewers screened all titles, abstracts and full-text publications for inclusion. The feasibility of integrating a PA intervention in the BC treatment pathway was discussed in a consultation phase with healthcare professionals and patient and public representatives.ResultsA total of 675 records were identified through database searching of which 14 studies were included in our scoping review. An additional 17 clinical trials were identified of which 12 were included for which no results have been published yet. The included studies looked at the feasibility of a PA intervention programme, the associations between PA, obesity and BC, but also the determinants of PA engagement for BC patients and the assessment of QoL.ConclusionThis scoping review highlights that despite the general recognition on the role of PA in the BC treatment pathway, there is a gap regarding the understanding of the impact of PA interventions in BC care pathways as well as the limited understanding of factors underlying possible benefits of PA. No clear conclusions could be made regarding structure and processes of PA interventions that may lead to better outcomes. Further PA studies for patients with BC are needed to understand how to incorporate exercise guidelines recommendations.
N-cadherin inhibitor creates a microenvironment that protect TILs from immune checkpoints and Treg cells
Authors: Sun Yi , Jing Jun , Xu Huan , Xu Lingfan , Hu Hailiang , Tang Cai , Liu Shengzhuo , Wei Qiang , Duan Ruiqi , Guo Ju , Yang Lu 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundFew patients with prostate cancer benefit from current immunotherapies. Therefore, we aimed to explore new strategies to change this paradigm.MethodsHuman tissues, cell lines and in vivo experiments were used to determine whether and how N-cadherin impacts the production of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) and indole amine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO-1) and whether N-cadherin can increase the production of effector (e)Treg cells. Then, we used PC3-bearing humanized non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency IL2Rγnull (hNSG) mice with an intravenous injection of human CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells into the tail vein to evaluate whether the N-cadherin antagonist N-Ac-CHAVC-NH2 (designated ADH-1) could improve the therapeutic effect of tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL)-related treatment.ResultsN-cadherin dramatically upregulated the expression of PD-L1 and IDO-1 through IFN-γ (interferongamma) signaling and increasing the production of free fatty acids that could promote the generation of eTreg cells. In preclinical experiments, immune reconstitution mediated by TILs slowed tumor growth and extended the survival time; however, this effect disappeared after immune system suppression by PD-L1, IDO-1 and eTreg cells. Furthermore, ADH-1 effectively reduced immunosuppression and enhanced TIL-related therapy.ConclusionsThese data show that the N-cadherin antagonist ADH-1 promotes TIL antitumor responses. This important hurdle must be overcome for tumors to respond to immunotherapy.
General features of the linear crystalline morphology of accretion disks
Authors: Montani Giovanni , Tirozzi Brunello , Carlevaro Nakia 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we analyze the so-called Master Equation of the linear backreaction of a plasma disk in the central object magnetic field, when small scale ripples are considered. This study allows to single out two relevant physical properties of the linear disk backreaction: (i) the appearance of a vertical growth of the magnetic flux perturbations; (ii) the emergence of sequence of magnetic field O-points, crucial for the triggering of local plasma instabilities. We first analyze a general Fourier approach to the solution of the addressed linear partial differential problem. This technique allows to show how the vertical gradient of the backreaction is, in general, inverted with respect to the background one. Instead, the fundamental harmonic solution constitutes a specific exception for which the background and the perturbed profiles are both decaying. Then, we study the linear partial differential system from the point of view of a general variable separation method. The obtained profile describes the crystalline behavior of the disk. Using a simple rescaling, the governing equation is reduced to the second-order differential Whittaker equation. The zeros of the radial magnetic field are found by using the solution written in terms Kummer functions. The possible implications of the obtained morphology of the disk magnetic profile are then discussed in view of the jet formation.

GraphicAbstract
ВПЛИВ ВАЗОВАГАЛЬНИХ СИНКОПЕ ДИТЯЧОГО ВІКУ НА ПОКАЗНИКИ ЯКОСТІ ЖИТТЯ, ПОВ’ЯЗАНОЇ ЗІ ЗДОРОВ’ЯМ
Authors: Kovalchuk T. A. , Boyarchuk O. R. 
Published: March 2021

Мета дослідження – вивчити вплив особливостей клінічного перебігу вазовагальних синкопе у дітей та підлітків на показники якості життя, пов’язаної зі здоров’ям.
Матеріали та методи. Було обстежено 81 дитину віком 8–17 років із діагнозом вазовагального синкопе. Контрольну групу склала 41 практично здорова дитина аналогічного віку. Оцінку якості життя здійснювали за допомогою української версії опитувальника PedsQL™ 4.0, яку самостійно заповнювали діти та їх батьки. Злагодженість батьківсько-дитячої оцінки якості життя визначали за допомогою коефіцієнта внутрішньокласової кореляції.
Результати дослідження та їх обговорення. За даними самозвіту дітей, у групі вазовагальних синкопе було встановлено нижчі показники фізичного здоров’я, психосоціального здоров’я та загального показника якості життя. У порівнянні з дитячим самозвітом, батьки дітей із вазовагальними синкопе відмітили лише погіршення їх фізичного функціонування, тоді як проблеми емоційного функціонування та функціонування у школі залишалися поза їхньою увагою. На показники якості життя впливають стать, тривалість хвороби з моменту першого синкопе, тригерні фактори (емоційна напруга), методи попередження повторних синкопе (необхідність переходу у горизонтальне положення, приймання їжі і/або води), особливості пресинкопального періоду (головокружіння, біль у животі, серцебиття і/або перебої в серці, відчуття нестачі повітря), тривалість постсинкопального періоду та його клінічні прояви (сонливість, головний біль, головокружіння, серцебиття і/або перебої в серці).
Висновки. Вазовагальні синкопе характеризуються зниженням якості життя у сферах фізичного функціонування, емоційного функціонування та функціонування у школі. За даними самозвіту дітей, порушення психосоціального здоров’я виступає на перший план порівняно з фізичним здоров’ям та адекватно не відображається у батьківських проксі-звітах. Усі шкали опитувальника PedsQL™ 4.0 характеризуються доброю злагодженістю батьківсько-дитячої оцінки, а тому рекомендованим є комбіноване використання самозвіту дітей та проксі-звіту батьків для оцінки якості життя серед пацієнтів із вазовагальними синкопе.
ПАТОГЕНЕТИЧНІ АСПЕКТИ ФОРМУВАННЯ АКУШЕРСЬКИХ УСКЛАДНЕНЬ У ВАГІТНИХ ІЗ НЕАЛКОГОЛЬНОЮ ЖИРОВОЮ ХВОРОБОЮ ПЕЧІНКИ ПРИ НАДЛИШКОВІЙ МАСІ ТІЛА (ОГЛЯД ЛІТЕРАТУРИ)
Authors: Bahnii L. V. , Heryak S. M. , Bahnii N. I. 
Published: March 2021

Серед патологічних станів, які є факторами загрозливого перебігу вагітності, особливе місце посідають порушення ліпідного обміну, які на сьогодні прогресивно зростають. За даними ВООЗ, у 90 % жінок із надлишковою масою тіла вже у віці 20–25 років виявляють ранні прояви стеатозу печінки, який впродовж наступних п᾽яти років життя приводить до неалкогольного стеатогепатиту. Тому жінки із надлишковою масою тіла мають загрозу щодо розвитку акушерських та перинатальних ускладнень, у генезі яких значна роль належить метаболічним порушенням у печінці.
Мета дослідження – проаналізувати дані сучасної літератури щодо показників ліпідного профілю, функції ендотелію, біохімічних маркерів, ролі печінки у регуляції ліпідного обміну та ключові фактори ризику розвитку стеатозу в молодому віці, які можуть погіршити перебіг вагітності й пологів у вагітних із неалкогольною жировою хворобою печінки (НАЖХП) та ожирінням. Визначити оптимальні методи діагностики, профілактики та лікування акушерських та перинатальних ускладнень у вагітних із надлишковою масою тіла при НАЖХП.
Висновок. Поєднання НАЖХП та ожиріння має вагомий вплив на розвиток акушерських та перинатальних ускладнень.