bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autonomic dysregulation and impairments in the recognition of facial emotional expressions in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain
Authors: Chaves Anna C. S. , Reis Felipe J. J. , Bandeira Pamela M. , Fernandes Orlando , Arruda Sanchez Tiago 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Emotions are involved in the identification of safety cues in the environment, and are also related to social interaction through recognition of emotional facial expressions. Heart rate variability (HRV) can be an indicator of the adaptive response of the autonomic nervous system to stressful conditions, including pain. This study aimed to investigate the emotional processing in a sample of patients with chronic musculoskeletal by measuring the resting-state HRV and the ability to recognize facial emotion expressions.

Methods
This cross-sectional study was composed of 40 participants with chronic musculoskeletal pain and 40 asymptomatic participants. Resting HRV was measured for 10 min. The facial emotion recognition task was presented in videos and included modification from a neutral expression to faces of fear, anger, sadness, happiness, and disgust. For the facial emotion recognition task, the hit rate (%) and response time for each emotional category were measured.

Results
The symptomatic group had a mean high frequency (HF) lower (mean = 34.14; SD = 16.95; p<0.001) than the asymptomatic group (mean = 51.11; SD = 13.01; p<0.001). The emotional facial expressions of disgust (H (1, 80)=7.82; p<0.01), anger (H (1, 80)=13.56; p<0.01), sadness (H (1, 80)=6.58; p=0.01), and happiness (H (1, 80)=12.68; p<0.01) were those for which volunteers from the symptomatic group had a lower hit rate of correct answers compared to the asymptomatic group. The response time to corrected answers showed a major group effect (F (1.77)=21.11; p<0.001) and emotional category (F (4.308)=174.21; p<0.001), without presenting any interaction between the factors (F (4.308)=0.446; p=0.775). The symptomatic group was slower to perform the task of identifying facial emotional expression (7.066 s; SD = 1.188) than the participants in the asymptomatic group (6.298 s; SD = 1.203) for all emotional categories.

Conclusions
Participants with chronic musculoskeletal pain presented a lower vagal activity evidenced by HRV. Participants in the symptomatic group showed lower ability to recognize faces of disgust, anger, and sadness when compared to asymptomatic participants. Considering that individuals with low resting HF-HRV have difficulties with regulating their emotions, the lower vagal activity and lower ability to recognize faces of emotional expressions observed in chronic musculoskeletal pain may suggest alterations in emotional processing. This study may shed light on changes in the emotional processing and in the autonomic nervous system in this population.
Health-related quality of life and pain interference in two patient cohorts with neuropathic pain: breast cancer survivors and HIV patients
Authors: Sipilä Reetta , Kemp Harriet , Harno Hanna , Rice Andrew S. C. , Kalso Eija 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Persistent pain is common in HIV patients and breast cancer (BC) survivors. The aim of this study was to compare two patient groups with neuropathic pain (NP) regarding several psychological variables and Health-related Quality of Life. Although, treatment of pain is always planned individually, the knowledge of the differences and similarities between the patient groups may help us to understand more precisely the targets of the interventions for pain.

Methods
Eighty nine BC and 73 HIV patients with symptoms of neuropathic pain (patients with ≥3/7 in the Douleur Neuropathique four interview part (DN4i)) participated in a cross-sectional study. Patients completed questionnaires about mood (HADS), symptoms of insomnia (ISI), pain catastrophizing (PCS), personality (TIPI), Mental and Physical Health-related Quality of Life (M/PHrQoL, RAND/SF-36), and pain intensity and interference (BPI). Analyses were applied by using t-tests and linear regression to assess associations between the studied factors.

Results
HIV patients reported higher anxiety (p<0.001), depressive symptoms (p<0.001), pain catastrophizing (p<0.001) and pain interference (p<0.001), poorer sleep (p<0.001), and lower HrQoL in all dimensions compared with BC survivors. There were significant differences in personality traits extraversion, emotional stability, and agreeableness between the two patient groups. In HIV patients, pain interference (β=−0.344, p<0.001) and mood (β=−0.580, p<0.001) and in the BC group, mood (β=−0.591, p<0.001), extraversion (β=0.229, p=0.005) and sleep (β=−0.154, p=0.042) associated with MHrQoL. Pain interference (HIV β=−0.645, p<0.001, BC β=−0.491, p<0.001) and age (HIV β=−0.016, p=0.042 and BC β=−0.018, p=0.019) associated with PHrQoL in both groups, and catastrophizing in the BC group (β=−0.303, p<0.001).

Conclusions
HIV patients and BC survivors with neuropathic pain, measured with DN4i, have significant differences in various health-related variables and Health-related Quality of Life with both patient groups reporting low HrQoL. The differences in low HrQoL may reflect the fundamental differences between these diseases, BC survivors in remission and HIV patients living with a chronic disease that is under control. This study brings information about the diversity of different patient populations with symptoms of neuropathic pain, and how neuropathic pain associates with wide range of health-related factors. Interventions to support better coping with the symptoms of neuropathic pain could be tailored more individually if the background disease is taken into account.
“No more little boxes” – Poetic Positionings in the Literary Field
Authors: Mueller Stefanie 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
My article’s title borrows a line from Thomas Sayers Ellis’s poem “Skin, Inc.” (2010), a poem which uses the metaphor of incorporation in terms of its economic and formal affordances: formally as signifying upon a container, a box, in which the poet/lyric persona finds himself trapped as he is trying to create and to write; and economically, as signifying upon the poet as entrepreneur, who has to sell a brand and a product in the literary marketplace. Based on Pierre Bourdieu’s work on the theory of the literary field, I think of the poem as a form of poetic position-taking in the literary field in the Unites States in 2010. In my reading, I explore the literary marketplace as presented in the poem, and I argue that we can use this image of the market to think about the role of race in the literary field in the US, in particular with regard to what has been called the “post-soul aesthetic.”
Representatives of neighbouring countries and their national character as reflected in the world outlook of the Lithuanian
Authors: Papaurėlytė-Klovienė Silvija 
Published: March 2021

The paper sets out to discuss character features attributed to Byelorussians, Latvians, Poles, Russians, Germans, i.e. representatives of neighbouring nations or those most prominent in the history of Lithuania as identified in the world outlook of the Lithuanian language. In other words, the paper aims at identifying ethnical stereotypes entrenched in the world outlook of the Lithuanian language. The data includes all collocations with all the words baltarusiškas (-a), latviškas (-a), lenkiškas (-a), rusiškas (-a), vokiškas (-a) in all their forms collected from the Corpus of Contemporary Lithuanian compiled at the Centre of Computer Linguistics of Vytautas Magnus University in Kaunas. The results of the analysis into actual usage have been supplemented by the results of the content analysis of international anecdotes. The methodology of research is based on conceptual analysis.The results of investigation have shown that the closest neighbours are unlikely to be the best known. Representatives of Latvia and Belarus, or countries bordering on Lithuania, have been only fragmentary reflected in the world outlook of the Lithuanian language. Poles, Russians or Germans, the latter are usually not treated as neighbours, are much better known. The language world outlook has identified Polish patriotism and sometimes self-esteem going to the extremes. Russians are thought of as open, ingenuous people whose patriotic feelings might overstep certain boundaries and pose danger. The dominant feature of German national character is their inclination to order, sometimes also rather extreme.Such features might be due to several causes. Russians and Poles make up a large part of the population of national minorities of Lithuania, which is why they are seen as slightly closer. On the other hand, Lithuania is historically related to Poland, Russia and Germany.The language world outlook tends to provide more details on negative features. The tendency also applies when discussing the national character of representatives of other nations. Most outstanding features are verbalised hyperbolically and ironically.
Expressing evidentiality in Lithuanian
Authors: Ruskan Anna 
Published: March 2021

Evidentiality in Lithuanian, like in some other European languages, can be expressed both grammatically and lexically; a large inventory of grammatical and lexical means make up a continuum, which is introduced and defined by B. Wiemer (2008). Constructions based on active and passive participles that function in the main clause as predicates are regarded as grammatical markers of evidentiality while parentheticals (e. g. matyt, girdi), particles (e. g. esą, neva, tarsi) and adverbs (e. g. akivaizdžiai, aiškiai) can be qualified as lexical. There are also evidential markers that take an intermediate position in the continuum of lexical and grammatical means. While the evidential constructions based on participial morphology have been thoroughly researched in Lithuanian linguistics, the exploration of lexical markers of evidentiality is fairly new and its inventory has not been fully identified and described yet. The main sources of lexical evidential markers are verbs, neuter adjectives, nouns, adverbs related to perception, cognition or communication. The integration of lexical markers into the study of evidentiality helps to see the coding of the source of information in language more holistically as well as to more precisely describe the structure of lexical and grammatical markers, shades of meaning and their development.
An uncommon formation type of adjectives that denote an incomplete degree of quality: ʿpãjuodis’ and ʿpasaũsis’
Authors: Tamulionienė Aurelija 
Published: March 2021

The article deals with adjectives that denote an incomplete degree of quality and that are made of a base adjective plus the prefix pa- plus an ending -is and that belong to the first and second accentual paradigms. The study focuses on the following aspects: geographical distribution, accentuation, word formation and semantics. In some cases of this formation type, the dominant intensifying prefix pa- acquires stress and maintains or intensifies the strength of the base stem, whereas in other cases it intensifies the base stem but remains unstressed. Despite the differences in accentuation the derivatives of this kind can be ascribed to the same word-formation type as their accentuation has most probably been affected by the geographical distribution. The study has shown that they are used in different regions that are remote from each other, i.e. in the sub-dialects of Northern Žemaitian kretingiškiai, Southern Žemaitian varniškiai and Eastern Aukštaitian panevėžiškiai. The same derivatives of the word-formation type of adjectives under investigation are also used in ancient writings. They usually have only one meaning. In the Lithuanian Language Dictionary their meaning is typically explained by providing synomyms, in less common cases – by giving reference to another word or by means of description. The majority of the adjectives under investigation retain the core meanings of the base.
Three questions regarding the prosodic system of the Lithuanian language
Authors: Kardelis Vytautas 
Published: March 2021

This article addresses more questions than suggested by its title (those mentioned in the title are the most relevant and common ones) and provides very few answers. However, the key aim of this article is exactly that – to shed some light to the aspects of Lithuanian prosody which have been at the periphery of linguistic research and which have only scarcely been discussed. There are three most significant questions and points of discussion, namely what constitutes the basis of a linguistic phenomenon known as Lithuanian pitch accent levelling and what difficulties occur in its linguistic analysis. Thus the study raises terminological questions, the relationship between different research paradigms (phonetic, phonological, perceptive) and the issue of the scope of empirical data. The second question addressed in the article is of a terminological nature, i.e. Lithuanian pitch accents or tones? On the basis of the typology of tonal languages, taking into consideration the state of the Lithuanian language, it is suggested that the term tone should be introduced to the terminology of Lithuanian linguistics. In addition, it is also proposed that some other terms should be introduced to refer to specific tones in Lithuanian traditionally referred to as the falling pitch accent (tvirtapradė priegaidė) and the rising pitch accent (tvirtagalė priegaidė). One of the suggestions is to use the terms acute and circumflex tones to refer to these Lithuanian prosodic phenomena. The third question is whether Lithuanian has pitch accents (or tones) in diphthongs. There is an established opinion that in standard Lithuanian pitch accents in diphthongal and mixed diphtongal syllables are clearly distinguished. This article provides phonological arguments which allow raising a working hypothesis that the status of the phonological prosody of diphthongs might be in need of reviewing. Alongside the conventional view that diphthongs feature a phonological contrast between the acute and circumflex, it is also possible to consider an alternative perspective which argues that the differential function in such cases is performed not by the prosodic element of pitch accent (priegaidė) but rather another prosodic element, i.e. stress. In principle, such an idea is neither original, nor is it new since it is based on the arguments of Jonas Kazlauskas which in this article are consolidated. This article does not draw any final conclusions but rather is an invitation to discuss these matters among the research community.
What are you, allusion?
Authors: Valotka Audrius 
Published: March 2021

The article deals with issues of allusion theory and provides “demarcation lines”, i.e. features that allow distinguishing allusion from other types of intertext. Allusion is commonly defined as an indirect, implied, or covert reference, but here it is defined as an element of text which has certain features. This is in line with conventional terminological practice which requires a proper definition to entail a hypernym superordinate by one or two levels. Allusion is intertext, therefore its definition must include the categories of “intertext” or “text”. The essential features of an allusion are the following: a) Allusion is made of two texts: the text in praesentia and the text in absentia. The text in absentia is widely perceived as a work of art, a historical fact, a person, etc. It is always prior, except for Jason Holt’s interpretation of ex ante allusions. b) The texts in absentia and in praesentia are bound by a covert, indirect reference the purpose of which is to link both texts and to establish allusive connection between them. The question whether meta-comments made by the author about the connection distort the allusion remains open. c) The connection between the text in praesentia and the text in absentia is enabled by the same or similar elements, i.e. representants. The elements of the text in praesentia which aggravate the recognition of the text in absentia are transformants. Context may also perform the function of transformants. d) When the text in absentia affects only part of the text in praesentia, such an allusion is referred to as a local allusion. If the internal links of the text in absentia affect the internal links of the text in praesentia, such an allusion is referred to as a structural allusion (extension, imitation, parody, plagiarism). e) From the structural perspective, parody, plagiarism, imitation, and extension are not independent intertexts since they differ from allusions only in their function (i.e. irony, secret copying and open mimicking, respectively), therefore they are considered variations of allusion. f) Allusion is an open, incomplete structure since its meanings are created not only by the author but also by the addressee. If the author and the addressee have common background knowledge, the addressee recognises the allusion and is able to interpret it in accordance with the author’s intention. If the background knowledge of the author and the addressee differ, the addressee does not notice the allusion or she/he interprets it in her/his own way.
LENKĖ in the corpus of the contemporary Lithuanian language
Authors: Čižik-Prokaševa Veslava 
Published: March 2021

The article examines the concept of a Polish woman in the Lithuanian language on the basis of nouns lenkė (Polish woman) and lenkaitė (young Polish woman). Based on the text from the Corpus of the contemporary Lithuanian language, it’s analyzed how the word lenkė is verbalized in the minds of Lithuanian language users, what kind of picture of a Polish woman consists of the selected material, what features characterizes her, how she differs from women of other nationalities.The article is based on an analysis of 158 sentences: 154 sentences are from the Corpus of the contemporary Lithuanian language and 4 sentences are from the Dictionary of the Lithuanian language. The majority of sentences shows, that people of Lithuania appreciate Polish women very well – 92 sentences; 40 sentences shows negative opinion, in 15 sentences are narrated about wrong, that Polish women suffer, and in 11 sentences Lithuanian and Polish women are appreciated as equivalent.In the Corpus of the contemporary Lithuanian language the basic features of a Polish woman are revealed in several crucial semantic aspects: mental, psychosocial, social, physical and domestic. The research showed that lenkė is a Polish nation woman, who is beautiful, educated, sporty, generous, deeply religious, talented, merciful, authoritative, and sometimes - when it’s talking about an older Polish woman - timid, angry, ugly and slovenly.
Quality estimation of stochastic control system using simulation methods
Authors: Aidokas Linas , Telksnys Laimutis Adolfas 
Published: March 2021

The stochastic control system is investigated. The article solves the problem of human-robot humanoid communication. The problem arises in the development of human behavior formation management systems. They describe human behavior in terms of probabilistic characteristics. Such control systems are stochastic. The management system of human behavior formation and its functioning is described quality assessment. The problem is solved by simulation modeling. The software implementing the method is described. The results of experimental research are presented.
Exploring the Dimensionality of Ground-Motion Data by Applying Autoencoder Techniques
Authors: Dokht Dolatabadi Esfahani Reza , Vogel Kristin , Cotton Fabrice , Ohrnberger Matthias , Scherbaum Frank , Kriegerowski Marius 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTIn this article, we address the question of how observed ground-motion data can most effectively be modeled for engineering seismological purposes. Toward this goal, we use a data-driven method, based on a deep-learning autoencoder with a variable number of nodes in the bottleneck layer, to determine how many parameters are needed to reconstruct synthetic and observed ground-motion data in terms of their median values and scatter. The reconstruction error as a function of the number of nodes in the bottleneck is used as an indicator of the underlying dimensionality of ground-motion data, that is, the minimum number of predictor variables needed in a ground-motion model. Two synthetic and one observed datasets are studied to prove the performance of the proposed method. We find that mapping ground-motion data to a 2D manifold primarily captures magnitude and distance information and is suited for an approximate data reconstruction. The data reconstruction improves with an increasing number of bottleneck nodes of up to three and four, but it saturates if more nodes are added to the bottleneck.
A Response Spectral Ratio Model to Account for Amplification and Attenuation Effects in the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain
Authors: Chapman Martin C. , Guo Zhen 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTWe used our previously published Lg-wave spectral ratio model to develop a model of pseudospectral acceleration (PSA) response ratios at sites in the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain, relative to a reference site condition defined as the mean response for site locations outside the Coastal Plain. The model is strongly dependent on sediment thickness. The results of this study can be used to predict PSA response, for linear behavior, at sites in the Atlantic or Gulf Coastal Plain with a known thickness of Coastal Plain sediment, given a ground-motion model for reference site conditions outside the Coastal Plain region of the central and eastern United States.