bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcavernous Approach to the Anteromedial Triangle for Residual Functional Pituitary Adenoma
Authors: Starnoni Daniele , Cossu Giulia , Messerer Mahmoud , Daniel Roy Thomas 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSurgical treatment of functional pituitary adenomas is as rule performed by transsphenoidal approach. However, when then lesion invades the parasellar structures and the cavernous sinus, the transsphenoidal removal of these adenomas is usually incomplete. In this video, we present the technical nuances of a transcavernous approach to the anterio-medial triangle for the resection of a residual functional pituitary adenoma. The patient is a 40-year-old male who was diagnosed with growth hormone secreting pituitary macroadenoma. He underwent two transsphenoidal resections in 2013 and 2016 with a small residue in the left cavernous sinus. Subsequently, due to a failure of biochemical remission despite medical management, a transcranial transcavernous surgery was performed. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed a mass in the roof of the left cavernous sinus, located at the level of the anteromedial triangle, adherent to the clinoidal segment of the internal carotid artery (ICA). The computed tomographic scan showed an osteolysis of the inferior surface of the anterior clinoidal process. After performing an extended pterional craniotomy and an extradural clinoidectomy, the cleavage plane is extended between the temporal dura and the inner layer of the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus. Intraoperative Doppler and stimulation are used to localize the clinoidal segment of the ICA and the third cranial nerve, delimiting the anteromedial triangle. The lesion is progressively dissected and removed. An optic neuropexy with the previously harvested fat is performed in case of a complementary radio surgical treatment. The patient had an uneventful postoperative course and showed a biochemical remission at the 3-month follow-up.The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/oHfugVtU-Nc.
Transcavernous Approach for Microsurgical Clipping of Ruptured Right Superior Cerebellar Artery Aneurysm with Cadaveric Stepwise Video Illustration
Authors: Najera Edinson , Muhsen Baha'eddin A. , Borghei-Razavi Hamid , obrzut Michal , Adada Badih 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSuperior cerebellar artery (SCA) aneurysms are rare. The management options are not well defined. There is increasing role of endovascular treatment for all aneurysms, especially for aneurysms of the posterior circulation. However in some situations (wide base, dysmorphic features) coiling is not feasible. The surgical management of these aneurysms has its own distinct complexity and requires careful planning. The classic pterional or subtemporal approaches had its own limitation in proper visualization of the neurovascular anatomy.In this video, we describe the technical nuances of transcavernous sinus approach for microsurgical clipping SCA and A-comm aneurysms. We present the case of a 67-year-old RHF who presented with ruptured right-sided SCA aneurysm. She complained of Headache, confusion, and double vision. On physical examination, she had no focal deficits and was Hunt and Hess grade 3. A brain computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a subarachnoid hemorrhage Fisher's grade 4. A brain CT angiography (CTA) demonstrated an aneurysm at the origin of right SCA. The patient had failed attempt of endovascular coiling and she underwent microsurgical clipping.Stepwise demonstration of the approach with cadaveric anatomical dissection is illustrated. The technique presented here allows for safe clipping of the aneurysm through the cavernous sinus. The approach allows for good exposure of the aneurysm and the surrounding structures. Care is taken to visualize the perforators to avoid any devastating brain stem infarction during the clipping.The transcavernous sinus is a robust approach with good visualization of the neurovascular structures allowing safe aneurysm clipping in this location.The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/oE-HyDASiKM.
Leveraging Artificial Intelligence to Improve Chronic Disease Care: Methods and Application to Pharmacotherapy Decision Support for Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Tarumi Shinji , Takeuchi Wataru , Chalkidis George , Rodriguez-Loya Salvador , Kuwata Junichi , Flynn Michael , Turner Kyle M. , Sakaguchi Farrant H. , Weir Charlene , Kramer Heidi , Shields David E. , Warner Phillip B. , Kukhareva Polina , Ban Hideyuki , Kawamoto Kensaku 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectives Artificial intelligence (AI), including predictive analytics, has great potential to improve the care of common chronic conditions with high morbidity and mortality. However, there are still many challenges to achieving this vision. The goal of this project was to develop and apply methods for enhancing chronic disease care using AI.Methods Using a dataset of 27,904 patients with diabetes, an analytical method was developed and validated for generating a treatment pathway graph which consists of models that predict the likelihood of alternate treatment strategies achieving care goals. An AI-driven clinical decision support system (CDSS) integrated with the electronic health record (EHR) was developed by encapsulating the prediction models in an OpenCDS Web service module and delivering the model outputs through a SMART on FHIR (Substitutable Medical Applications and Reusable Technologies on Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources) web-based dashboard. This CDSS enables clinicians and patients to review relevant patient parameters, select treatment goals, and review alternate treatment strategies based on prediction results.Results The proposed analytical method outperformed previous machine-learning algorithms on prediction accuracy. The CDSS was successfully integrated with the Epic EHR at the University of Utah.Conclusion A predictive analytics-based CDSS was developed and successfully integrated with the EHR through standards-based interoperability frameworks. The approach used could potentially be applied to many other chronic conditions to bring AI-driven CDSS to the point of care.
Pulmonary Support of Infants with Tracheotomies in a Regional Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Attar Mohammad A. , Pace Rachael A. , Schumacher Robert E. 
Published: May 2021

Objective We evaluate patient characteristics, hospital course, and outcome by type discharge pulmonary support; mechanical ventilation (MV) or with tracheotomy masks (TM).
Study Design We reviewed records of infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) that underwent tracheotomy within their first year of life between 2006 and 2017. We evaluated patient characteristics, referral pattern, destination of discharge, and outcome by type of pulmonary support at discharge (MV vs. TM).
Results Of the 168 patients, 63 (38%) were inborn, 91 (54%) transferred to our NICU, and 5 (3%) were readmitted after being home. Median gestational age at birth was 34 weeks. Twenty-three (14%) infants were transferred to hospitals closer to their homes (13 with MV and 10 with TM), and 125 (74%) were discharged home (75 on MV and 50 on TM). Twenty patients (12%) died in the regional center (RC). Among those discharged home from our RC, infants on MV were of lower birth weight and younger gestational age, had tracheostomies later in life, had longer duration between tracheostomy to discharge to home, and had longer total duration of hospitalization at the RC. In addition, infants in the MV group were more frequently dependent on MV at time of placement of tracheostomies, less frequently had congenital airway anomalies and more frequently having possibly acquired airway anomalies and more frequently having major congenital anomalies, more frequently treated with diuretics, inhaled medications and medications for pulmonary hypertension, and more frequently had gastrostomies for feeding compared with the TM group.
Conclusion Patients with tracheostomies in the NICU and discharged from RC on MV or TM vary by patient characteristic, timing of tracheostomy placement, timing of discharge from RC, type of upper airway anomalies, duration of stay in the hospital, and complexity of medical condition at discharge.
Key Points
Clinicoradiological Features and Treatment Outcome of Supratentorial Intraparenchymal Epidermoid Cyst: A Report of Five Cases and Literature Review
Authors: Kumar Ashutosh , Maurya Ved Prakash , Kanjilal Soumen , Bhaisora Kamlesh Singh , Sardhara Jayesh , Das Kuntal Kanti , Mehrotra Anant , Srivastava Arun Kumar , Jaiswal Awadhesh Kumar , Behari Sanjay 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectives Intraparenchymal epidermoid cysts (IECs) are rare lesions. They represent less than 1% of the intracranial epidermoid cysts. The supratentorial IEC is a clinically and prognostically distinct subset. Given the rarity, most of the articles are case reports. We present a series of five cases of supratentorial IEC to characterize their clinical presentation and outcome, with emphasis on the surgical features.Materials and Methods We searched our database for all cases of intracranial epidermoid cysts operated between January 2005 and January 2020. Five patients were identified having IEC from the hospital information system and the neurosurgical operation record book. Standard craniotomy and decompression of the lesion were performed in all these patients. Standard postoperative care includes computed tomography scan of head on the day of surgery and magnetic resonance imaging of brain after 6 weeks to look for the residual lesion, if any. Subsequent follow-up visits in outpatient department to look for resolution of the presurgical symptoms.Results The mean age of the patients in our series was 28.8 years (range: 28–40 years.). All the five patients were male. Four patients had IEC involving frontal lobe and one in parietal lobe with a small occipital lobe extension. Seizure was the most common presenting complaint followed by headache. Complete excision was achieved in all the cases. All the three patients with seizure attained seizure freedom postlesionectomy. Focal neurological deficits resolved gradually in postoperative period. There was no recurrence of lesion during follow-up.Conclusion Supratentorial IEC most commonly affects young males, involve frontal lobe and present clinically with seizure. Complete surgical excision offers best outcome in the form of remission of seizure disorder.
Long duration x-ray source development for x-ray diffraction at the National Ignition Facility
Authors: Werellapatha K. , Hall G. N. , Coppari F. , Kemp G. E. , Palmer N. E. , Krauland C. , Khan S. F. , Lazicki A. , Gorman M. G. , Nagel S. R. , Heinbockel C. , Bhandarkar N. , Masters N. , Bradley D. K. , Eggert J. H. , Benedetti L. R. 
Published: May 2021

We present the results of experiments to produce a 10 ns-long, quasi-monochromatic x-ray source. This effort is needed to support time-resolved x-ray diffraction (XRDt) measurements of phase transitions during laser-driven dynamic compression experiments at the National Ignition Facility. To record XRDt of phase transitions as they occur, we use high-speed (∼1 ns) gated hybrid CMOS detectors, which record multiple frames of data over a timescale of a few to tens of ns. Consequently, to make effective use of these imagers, XRDt needs the x-ray source to be narrow in energy and uniform in time as long as the sensors are active. The x-ray source is produced by a laser irradiated Ge foil. Our results indicate that the x-ray source lasts during the whole duration of the main laser pulse. Both time-resolved and time-integrated spectral data indicate that the line emission is dominated by the He-α complex over higher energy emission lines. Time-integrated spectra agree well with a one-dimensional Cartesian simulation using HYDRA that predicts a conversion efficiency of 0.56% when the incident intensity is 2 × 1015 W/cm2 on a Ge backlighter.
First spatially resolved measurements of the D–3He α-particle source with the upgraded JET gamma-ray camera
Authors: Panontin E. , Rigamonti D. , Nocente M. , Dal Molin A. , Broslawski A. , Craciunescu T. , Croci G. , Cruz N. , Figueiredo J. , Giacomelli L. , Gorini G. , Gosk M. , Kaveney G. , Kazakov Ye. O. , Kiptily V. , Korolczuk S. , Marcer G. , Murari A. , Perelli Cippo E. , Salewski M. , Urban A. , Zychor I. , Tardocchi M. ,   JET Contributors
Published: May 2021

The Joint European Torus (JET) gamma-ray camera has been recently upgraded with the installation of new gamma-ray detectors, based on LaBr3(Ce) scintillation crystals, which add spectroscopic capability to the existing system allowing measurements with good energy resolution (5% at 0.622 MeV), a dynamic range from hundreds of keV up to about 30 MeV, and high counting rate capabilities of MCps. First gamma-ray measurements during the C38 campaign of the JET have been successfully carried out, in particular, in D–3He plasmas from three-ion ion cyclotron resonance heating experiments, where the detection of 16.4 MeV γ-rays from D + 3He → γ + 5Li reactions with the gamma-ray camera upgrade allowed determining the spatial profile of alpha particles born in D + 3He fusion reactions.
Development of an ultrafast charge exchange spectroscopy system on the KSTAR tokamak
Authors: Jang Jae Young , Ko Won-Ha , Li Yingying , von Hellermann Manfred , Shi Yuejiang , Hwang Y. S. 
Published: May 2021

An ultrafast charge exchange spectroscopy (UFCES) system has been designed for measuring fluctuations in ion temperature and toroidal rotation velocity. The UFCES on the KSTAR tokamak is a powerful tool for investigating plasma instabilities and long-wavelength turbulence related to ion temperature gradient and flow. The UFCES system is designed to measure the C VI line (n = 8 → 7, λ0 = 529.05 nm) from the charge exchange reaction between a deuterium-heating neutral beam and the intrinsic carbon impurity in KSTAR. The ion temperature and toroidal rotation velocity at two radial positions will be observed simultaneously with UFCES. The key difference between the UFCES system and conventional charge exchange spectrometers is the application of high-throughput collection optics, a high-efficiency transmission grating combined with prisms, and a high-speed detector. We use a comprehensive spectrum simulation code with input parameters of KSTAR’s plasmas and a neutral beam injection system to estimate the performance of the designed UFCES system. The results simulated with the code show that the diagnostic achieves a turbulence-relevant time resolution of 10 µs with a high enough signal-to-noise ratio. Furthermore, a preliminary test is performed using a complementary metal–oxide semiconductor camera and Ne spectral lamp to confirm the linear dispersion and curvature radius.
A durable microsecond solid-state pulsed power system
Authors: Chen Rong , Qian Baoliang , Yang Jianhua , Cheng Xinbing , Geng Jiuyuan 
Published: May 2021

An all-solid-state microsecond pulsed power system has been tested in this paper. It can produce larger than 50 kV and microsecond-range pulses continuously for more than 9 × 104 shots into a resistive load at a repetition rate of 10 pps. The whole device has accumulatively operated more than 15 000 pulses at 100 Hz and 3 × 105 pulses at 10 Hz. This all-solid-state pulsed power system consists of a repetitive power supply, a four-stage Marx generator, a pulse forming network, and a resistive load. The repetitive power supply of the pulsed power system is calculated and analyzed first, followed by the introduction of the Marx generator and the three-section anti-resonance network. A polymer box of sodium chloride solution is applied as a resistive load with an impedance of 200 Ω. Repetitive experiments showed that this system is able to operate stably at 100 Hz repetition rate without failure.
Discovering unknown human and mouse transcription factor binding sites and their characteristics from ChIP-seq data
Authors: Yu Chun-Ping , Kuo Chen-Hao , Nelson Chase W. , Chen Chi-An , Soh Zhi Thong , Lin Jinn-Jy , Hsiao Ru-Xiu , Chang Chih-Yao , Li Wen-Hsiung 
Published: May 2021

Significance
Transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) are essential for gene regulation, but the majority of TFBSs remain unknown. To discover new TFBSs, we developed a computational pipeline to analyze human and mouse ChIP-seq (chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing) data. We found that the number of motif occurrences in ChIP-seq peaks is a highly effective quality-control criterion. Analyzing 1,089 human (101 mouse) TF experiments, we inferred 2,058 (163) motifs, including 487 previously unreported motifs, revealing predicted TFBS enrichment in promoters, particularly near transcription start sites. However, some TFs have TFBSs enriched in intergenic regions, including enhancers. We found frequent interactions between TFs, with a higher frequency of tethered binding than cobinding. This study provides many previously unreported TFBSs and describes their biological features.
Structure elucidation of the elusive Enzyme I monomer reveals the molecular mechanisms linking oligomerization and enzymatic activity
Authors: Nguyen Trang T. , Ghirlando Rodolfo , Roche Julien , Venditti Vincenzo 
Published: May 2021

Significance
Enzyme I (EI) is a central player in bacterial metabolism that controls carbon uptake, virulence, and biofilm formation of bacterial cells. Conserved in gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria but absent in eukaryotes, EI is a promising target for antimicrobial design. EI’s monomer–dimer equilibrium plays a crucial role in regulating enzymatic activity, yet very little is known about the changes in structure, dynamics, and substrate-binding properties undergone upon dimerization. Using a combination of protein engineering and pressure perturbation, we isolated EI’s monomeric state and characterized its structure in solution by NMR spectroscopy. Our study provides an atomic-level description of the structural changes accompanying EI dimerization and opens perspectives for the design of allosteric inhibitors.
Colloidal transport and flocculation are the cause of the hyperenrichment of gold in nature
Authors: McLeish Duncan F. , Williams-Jones Anthony E. , Vasyukova Olga V. , Clark James R. , Board Warwick S. 
Published: May 2021

Significance
Hydrothermal veins supply much of the Earth’s gold. Their propensity to contain “bonanza” occurrences of gold that have concentrations millions of times greater than the concentration of gold in Earth’s crust makes them important targets for exploration and resource development. The mechanisms by which such hyperenrichment occurs are enigmatic. The accepted wisdom is that this enrichment reflects the saturation and precipitation of gold from hydrothermal fluids. Laboratory experiments and measurements of active hydrothermal systems, however, have shown that the solubility of this noble metal is exceptionally low. Here, we demonstrate that this issue is resolved by the physical transport of gold in the solid state as nanoparticles and their flocculated aggregates, thereby explaining the paradox of bonanza gold ore formation.
Atomic-scale insights into quantum-order parameters in bismuth-doped iron garnet
Authors: Xu Kun , Zhang Luo , Godfrey Andy , Song Dongsheng , Si Wenlong , Zhao Yawen , Liu Yi , Rao Yiheng , Zhang Huaiwu , Zhou Heng-An , Jiang Wanjun , Wang Wenbin , Cheng Zhiying , Zhu Jing 
Published: May 2021

Significance
Substituted iron garnets, with a complex and diverse range of substitutional lattice sites, are widely used in magneto-optical devices. Atomic-scale investigations of local variations due to such substituents can give insights into the specific effects of elemental substitution, thereby helping to improve the functionality of magneto-optical materials. Here, via advanced electron microscopy techniques and theoretical calculations, we reveal how variations in the microstructure of Bi-substituted lutetium iron garnet are coupled to modulations in the lattice, electron, and spin structure. Our comprehensive approach provides a template for further improvement of materials through compositional design and shows how cooperative measurement of correlation characteristics between multiple quantum order parameters at the atomic scale can be beneficial for a wide range of functional materials.
Evolution of mechanical cooperativity among myosin II motors
Authors: Wagoner Jason A. , Dill Ken A. 
Published: May 2021

Significance
Myosin II is a molecular motor that generates force and motion in muscle cells. During muscle contraction, many myosin II motors bind to the same actin filament, like people pulling on a rope in a tug-of-war. We study how myosin II motors have evolved to coordinate their actions. We find that a key property of muscle performance is how far a filament slides backward when a motor at the end of its cycle releases. This backsliding is not a property of an individual motor; it depends on the entire multimotor system. We find evidence that myosin II has evolved to minimize this backsliding. These evolutionary trends also explain differences in speed and efficiency observed in muscle tissues across different species.
A review on nanostructured thin films on flexible substrates: links between strains and magnetic properties
Authors: Zighem F , Faurie D 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper provides a topical review of work on systems based on magnetic nanostructured thin films on polymer substrates. This topic has indeed experienced a significant growth in the last ten years. Several studies show a strong potential of these systems for a number of applications requiring functionalities on non-planar surfaces. However, the deformations necessary for this type of applications are likely to modify their magnetic properties, and the relationships between strain fields, potential damages and functional properties must be well understood. This review focuses both on the development of techniques dedicated to this research, on the synthesis of the experimental results obtained over the last ten years and on the perspectives related to stretchable or flexible magnetoelectric systems. In particular, the article focuses on the links between magnetic behavior and the strain field developing during the whole history of these systems (elaboration, reversible and irreversible loading).
Bearing fault diagnosis based on optimized variational mode decomposition and 1D convolutional neural networks
Authors: Wang Qinghua , Yang Chenguang , Wan Hongqiang , Deng Donghua , Nandi Asoke K 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Due to the fact that measured vibration signals from a bearing are complex and non-stationary in nature, and that impulse characteristics are always immersed in stochastic noise, it is usually difficult to diagnose fault symptoms manually. A novel hybrid fault diagnosis approach is developed for denoising signals and fault classification in this work, which combines successfully variational mode decomposition (VMD) and a one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D CNN). VMD is utilized to remove stochastic noise in the raw signal and to enhance the corresponding characteristics. Since the modal number and penalty parameter are very important in VMD, a particle swarm mutation optimization as a novel optimization method and the weighted signal difference average as a new fitness function are proposed to optimize the parameters of VMD. The reconstructed signals of mode components decomposed by optimized VMD are used as the input of the 1D CNN to obtain fault diagnosis models. The performance of the proposed hybrid approach has been evaluated using sets of experimental data on rolling bearings. The experimental results demonstrate that the VMD can eliminate signal noise and strengthen status characteristics, and the proposed hybrid approach has a superior capability for fault diagnosis from vibration signals of bearings.