bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Empowering clinicians in smaller sites’: A qualitative study of clinician's experiences with a rural Virtual Paediatric Feeding Clinic
Authors: Luscombe Georgina M. , Hawthorn Juliet , Wu Alison , Green Belinda , Munro Alice 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the experiences of ‘spoke site’ allied health and child and family health clinicians in the provision of care through a pilot ‘hub and spoke’ model Virtual Paediatric Feeding Clinic (VPFC) outreach service.DesignThe study was qualitative, with data from virtual interview transcripts analysed using thematic analysis.SettingOrange Health Service (‘hub site’) and seven community health centres within the Western NSW Local Health District (‘spoke sites’).ParticipantsNine ‘spoke site’ clinicians (from dietetics, speech pathology, occupational therapy and child and family health nursing), who had participated in the pilot clinic.InterventionsParticipants took part in a semi‐structured interview with a member of the research team.Main outcome measuresSpoke site clinicians experiences and perceptions of the VPFC.ResultsFour key themes emerged: (1) impact of the VPFC on ‘spoke site’ clinicians, (2) benefits for clients and families, (3) perceptions of the virtual model of care and (4) VPFC service challenges.ConclusionThe expansion of an existing interdisciplinary Paediatric Feeding Clinic into a virtual service demonstrates the use of technology to bridge a gap in healthcare. Clinicians reported benefits not only for families, but for their own knowledge and confidence in provision of care and reduced professional isolation through connection with discipline‐specific colleagues.
Multiple‐level copy number variations in cell‐free DNA for prognostic prediction of HCC with radical treatments
Authors: Wang Yang , Zhou Kaixiang , Wang Xiangxu , Liu Yang , Guo Dongnan , Bian Zhenyuan , Su Liping , Liu Kun , Gu Xiwen , Guo Xu , Wang Lin , Zhang Hongmei , Tao Kaishan , Xing Jinliang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCopy number variations (CNVs) in cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) are emerging as noninvasive biomarkers for various cancers. However, multiple‐level analysis of cfDNA CNVs for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with radical treatments remains uninvestigated. Here, CNVs at genome‐wide, chromosomal‐arm, and bin levels were analyzed in cfDNA from 117 HCC patients receiving radical treatments. Then, the relationship between cfDNA CNVs and clinical outcomes was explored. Our results showed that a concordant profile of CNVs was observed between cfDNA and tumor tissue DNA. Three genome‐wide CNV indicators including tumor fraction (TFx), prediction score (P‐score), and stability score (S‐score) were calculated and demonstrated to exhibit significant correlation with poorer overall survival (OS) and recurrence‐free survival (RFS). Furthermore, the high‐frequency cfDNA CNVs at chromosomal‐arm level including the loss of 4q, 17p, and 19p and the gain of 8q and 1q clearly predicted HCC prognosis. Finally, a bin‐level risk score was constructed to improve the ability of CNVs in predicting prognosis. Altogether, our study indicates that the multiple‐level cfDNA CNVs are significantly associated with OS and RFS in HCC patients with radical treatments, suggesting that cfDNA CNVs detected by low‐coverage whole‐genome sequencing (WGS) may be used as potential prognostic biomarkers of HCC patients.
Evaluating the impact of a community‐based livelihood intervention on child protection: A mixed method approach
Authors: Doh Daniel , Kamara Joseph , Galukande Moses , Renzaho Andre 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGlobally, children face an increasing risk of harm from abuse, violence and neglect. Progress towards securing a safe environment for them is slow and uneven. There is a growing need to understand how innovative community‐driven interventions could address sociocultural practices that harm children. In this paper, we evaluated the impact of the community‐driven urban programme on livelihood, income fortification and socio‐civic transformation intervention (UPLIFT) on child protection in Kampala, Uganda. We used a mixed‐method evaluation approach, which incorporated the difference‐in‐difference analysis and Kernel propensity score matching to estimate the programme's impact, and for the analysis of our qualitative data, we used the thematic approach. There were 663 pre‐intervention participants and 559 post‐intervention participants, aged between 13 and 17 years, in the study. Results showed improvements in various aspects of child protection; for example, there was strengthened community responsibility for child protection services and uptake of policy. However, we found undesirable impacts on situations presenting a serious risk of harm to children. We argue that protecting children against harm is a complex process, often rooted in the sociocultural and religious life of communities, and that child protection interventions must be deliberate about identifying and targeting ingrained sociocultural practices that sustain child abuse.
Accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging staging of tumour and nodal stage in rectal cancer treated by primary surgery: a population‐based study
Authors: Dahlbäck Cecilia , Korsbakke Kevin , Alshibiby Bergman Thule , Zaki Jörgen , Zackrisson Sophia , Buchwald Pamela 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimThe preoperative stage of rectal cancer is an important prognostic factor affecting treatment recommendations. Currently, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used for clinical staging to identify patients who should be recommended for neoadjuvant oncological treatment. The aim of this work was to investigate the accuracy of the preoperative T‐ and N‐stage and also involvement of the mesorectal fascia (MRF) as determined by MRI in a Swedish national cohort.MethodPatients who had undergone resectional surgery for rectal cancer without neoadjuvant treatment in Sweden in the period 2013–2017 were identified through the Swedish Colorectal Cancer Registry (n = 2062). The T‐ and N‐stage determined by preoperative MRI were compared with the histopathological results. The MRI‐assessed MRF status was compared with the circumferential resection margin.ResultsSensitivity for differentiating T1‐2 from T3‐4 was 69% and specificity 77%. Sensitivity to detect N1‐2 was 42% and specificity 81%. Sensitivity for MRF positivity was 50% and specificity 92%. Agreement analysed by weighted kappa analysis was 0.47 for T‐stage [confidence interval (CI) 0.44–0.51], 0.24 for N‐stage (CI 0.19–0.24) and 0.20 for MRF status (CI 0.12–0.29).ConclusionIn this study, accuracy of the preoperative MRI was lower than expected for rectal cancers. Overstaging might lead to potentially harmful neoadjuvant treatment and understaging can lead to a higher risk of tumour recurrence. The results of this study show that efforts should be made to increase the accuracy of the preoperative evaluation in order to optimize treatment recommendations.
Onset Neighborhood Density Slows Lexical Access in High Vocabulary 30‐Month Olds
Authors: Donnelly Seamus , Kidd Evan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThere is consensus that the adult lexicon exhibits lexical competition. In particular, substantial evidence demonstrates that words with more phonologically similar neighbors are recognized less efficiently than words with fewer neighbors. How and when these effects emerge in the child's lexicon is less clear. In the current paper, we build on previous research by testing whether phonological onset density slows lexical access in a large sample of 100 English‐acquiring 30‐month‐olds. The children participated in a visual world looking‐while‐listening task, in which their attention was directed to one of two objects on a computer screen while their eye movements were recorded. We found moderate evidence of inhibitory effects of onset neighborhood density on lexical access and clear evidence for an interaction between onset neighborhood density and vocabulary, with larger effects of onset neighborhood density for children with larger vocabularies. Results suggest the lexicons of 30‐month‐olds exhibit lexical‐level competition, with competition increasing with vocabulary size.
Conceptual Similarity and Communicative Need Shape Colexification: An Experimental Study
Authors: Karjus Andres , Blythe Richard A. , Kirby Simon , Wang Tianyu , Smith Kenny 
Published: September 2021

AbstractColexification refers to the phenomenon of multiple meanings sharing one word in a language. Cross‐linguistic lexification patterns have been shown to be largely predictable, as similar concepts are often colexified. We test a recent claim that, beyond this general tendency, communicative needs play an important role in shaping colexification patterns. We approach this question by means of a series of human experiments, using an artificial language communication game paradigm. Our results across four experiments match the previous cross‐linguistic findings: all other things being equal, speakers do prefer to colexify similar concepts. However, we also find evidence supporting the communicative need hypothesis: when faced with a frequent need to distinguish similar pairs of meanings, speakadjust their colexification preferences to maintain communicative efficiency and avoid colexifying those similar meanings which need to be distinguished in communication. This research provides further evidence to support the argument that languages are shaped by the needs and preferences of their speakers.
Presence of management, entrepreneurship, leadership and marketing topics in the dental school curriculum in Brazil
Authors: D’Assunção Fábio Luiz Cunha , Kalenderian Elsbeth , Carneiro Davi Clementino , Verçosa Maria Vitória Fragoso , dos Santos Jozemar Pereira , Yansane Alfa‐Ibrahim , D’Assunção Verônica Cabral dos Santos Cunha , Felinto Arturo Rodrigues 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionTo analyse the presence and characteristics of curricular components related to management, entrepreneurship, leadership and marketing as part of the structure and teaching methods of undergraduate courses in dentistry in Brazil.Materials and MethodsThis is an observational study that used the Ministry of Education's Undergraduate Course Accreditation Platform, which included 424 undergraduate courses in Dentistry on the last date of collection (August 31 2019). The following items were analysed as follows: the existence of curricular components in relation to the proposed themes, the most recurring denominations of curricular components, minimum and maximum workload, mandatory/optional classification, theoretical/practical teaching condition and in which year the curricular components were inserted.Results367/424 (86.6%) of dentistry courses in Brazil included at least one of the topics: management, entrepreneurship, leadership and marketing curricular components in their curriculum, whilst 57/424 (13.4%) did not have these curricular components in their curricular structure. The most frequent names were "Management" 99 (45.21%) and "Entrepreneurship" 80 (36.5%). There was a predominance of the “theoretical method” and the number of hours varied considerably, with the most common course hours between 40 and 60 h. The majority of curricular components were inserted in the third to fifth year and offered on a compulsory basis.ConclusionMost curricular matrices of dentistry courses in Brazil had components related to the topics studied. However, due to the variety of curricular components' names, hours, periods of courses and different teaching methodologies, there is a need to redesign the teaching and learning process, defining educational and evaluation models with common curricular components.
A simple method for estimating the optimum water content for tillage
Authors: Huo Jing , Song Xue , Chen Chong , Zhou Hu , Shang Jianying 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSimple and quick determination of the optimum water content for tillage (θOPT) is helpful to guide tillage operations. Based on the definition of θOPT that is the water content at the inflection point of the soil water retention curve, a simple method was established to estimate the θOPT from saturated water content (θs) (θOPT = 0.75θs). The validation results on 132 soils with varying texture showed that the root mean squared error and mean error were 0.021 and 0.009 g g−1, respectively. These results confirmed that the θs was valuable information for estimating θOPT and the proposed method could give a reasonable estimation for θOPT.
Rejuvenation of standing and gait balance in community‐dwelling older individuals: A comparative study between 2006 and 2019
Authors: Watanabe Miyoko , Ishizaka Masahiro , Yakabi Akihiro , Itokazu Masafumi , Kubo Akira , Urano Tomohiko 
Published: September 2021

AimThe present study investigated the rejuvenation of physical function in terms of walking speed and grip strength. Specifically, it examined the rejuvenation of physical functions in community‐dwelling older individuals between 2006 and 2019. The study is novel, because it analyzes this by focusing on gait balance.MethodsData were collected from 339 participants (52 men, 287 women) in 2006, and 382 participants (83 men, 299 women) in 2019. They were categorized according to age: early‐stage and late‐stage groups for men, and early‐stage, late‐stage and latest‐stage groups for women. These groups were analyzed by participants' walking speed, grip strength, Timed Up and Go test, Functional Reach test and One‐Leg Standing test. The results were compared based on two factors: time (2006 to 2019) and age group.ResultsThe scores for the Timed Up and Go and One‐Leg Standing tests were better in 2019 than in 2006 for all age groups in both older men and women. However, improvement in walking speed was observed only in women. Additionally, the decline in physical function with age was slower for walking speed among men, and Functional Reach and One‐Leg Standing tests among women.ConclusionsThe changes over this 13‐year period showed that the physical function of community‐dwelling older individuals was rejuvenated in terms of improved standing and walking balance. These rejuvenations will aid in preventing falls among community‐dwelling older individuals. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 975–980.
Coordinating physiotherapy care for persons with haemophilia
Authors: Timmer Merel A. , Blokzijl Johan , Schutgens Roger E. G. , Veenhof Cindy , Pisters Martijn F. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionPhysiotherapy is highly recommended for persons with haemophilia (PWH), to regain functioning after bleeding and to maintain functioning when dealing with haemophilic arthropathy. However, many PWH live too far from their Haemophilia Comprehensive Care Centre (HCCC) to receive regular treatment at their HCCC. Physiotherapists in primary care may have limited experience with a rare disease like haemophilia.AimTo explore experiences of stakeholders with primary care physiotherapy for PWH and develop recommendations to optimize physiotherapy care coordination.MethodsA RAND approach was used, consisting of a Delphi procedure with e‐mailed questionnaires and a consensus meeting. Included stakeholders were PWH, physiotherapists from HCCC's and primary care physiotherapists. HCCC physiotherapists approached patients from their centre and primary care physiotherapists from their network to fill in the questionnaires. Purposive sampling was used to select participants from the survey sample for the consensus meeting.ResultsNinety‐six primary care physiotherapists, 54 PWH and eight HCCC physiotherapists completed the questionnaire. Subsequently, four PWH, three primary care physiotherapists and four HCCC physiotherapists participated in the consensus meeting. The questionnaires yielded 33 recommendations, merged into a final list of 20 recommendations based on the consensus meeting. The final rank‐order consists of 13 recommendations prioritized by at least one stakeholder.ConclusionCommitment to a formal network is considered not feasible for a rare disease like haemophilia. Development of a practice guideline, easy‐accessible information and contact details, two‐way and open communication between HCCC and primary care and criteria to refer back to the HCCC are recommended.
Phenolic composition, antiproliferative and antiulcerogenic activities of a polyphenol‐rich purified extract from açai (Euterpe oleracea) fruits
Authors: de Oliveira Ana Caroline , Miyagawa Livia Midori , Monteiro Karin Maia , Dias Aécio L.S. , Longato Giovanna B. , Spindola Humberto , Vendramini‐Costa Débora B. , Quetin‐Leclercq Joëlle , Carvalho João E. , Rogez Hervé 
Published: September 2021

SummaryThe bioactivity and phytochemical composition of a partially purified extract of açai (PPEA), concentrated in phenolic compounds (PC) and without the presence of macronutrients, were investigated. The major PC quantified by UHPLC‐DAD‐LTQ‐Orbitrap MS‐MS/MS in the PPEA are anthocyanins. In vitro, PPEA showed a cytostatic effect on the K‐562 lymphoid leukaemia at a concentration of 40 μg PC mL−1, with a GI50 equal to 1.08 μg PC mL−1. In vivo, the extract did not promote acute toxicity in mice in any of the doses tested. The extract displayed gastroprotective activity in rats treated orally with 16, 48 and 160 mg PC kg−1, with a significant decrease in the ulcerative lesion index, compared with the negative control. The lack of toxicity and the bioactivity of the PPEA show that this extract is beneficial to health and useful as a commercial food additive containing natural violet colourant, with pharmaceutical and functional potentials.
Evaluating targeted heuristics for vulnerability assessment in flood impact model chains
Authors: Zischg Andreas Paul , Röthlisberger Veronika , Mosimann Markus , Profico‐Kaltenrieder Rahel , N. Bresch David , Fuchs Sven , Kauzlaric Martina , Keiler Margreth 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn flood risk management, the choice of vulnerability functions has a remarkable impact on the overall uncertainty of modelling flood damage. The spatial transferability of empirical vulnerability functions is limited, leading to the need for computation and validation of region‐specific vulnerability functions. In data‐scarce regions however, this option is not feasible. In contrast, the physical processes of flood impact model chains can be developed in these regions because of the availability of global datasets. Here we evaluated the implementation of a synthetic vulnerability function into a flood impact model. The function bases on expert heuristics on a targeted sample of representative buildings (targeted heuristics). We applied the vulnerability function in a meso‐scale river basin and evaluated the new function by comparing the resulting flood damage with the damage computed by other approaches, (1) an ensemble of vulnerability functions available from the literature, (2) an individual vulnerability function calibrated with region‐specific data, and (3) the vulnerability function used in flood risk management by the Swiss government. The results show that targeted heuristics can be a valuable alternative for developing flood impact models in regions without any data or only few data on flood damage.
Exchange Rate Sensitivity and the Net Foreign Asset Composition
Authors: GARDBERG MALIN 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMany currencies, especially from countries with negative net foreign assets, depreciate during financial turbulence. Using a panel of 26 currencies for the period April 2002 to December 2019, I show that the net foreign asset composition is related to the exchange rate sensitivity to global financial market uncertainty changes. Net foreign debt is associated with a higher sensitivity, whereas net equity and FDI are not. Ownership matters too, as this association is stronger for private net liabilities. In emerging markets, this vulnerability arises from net other investments, while G10 currencies are more sensitive the more private net portfolio debt the countries have.
Partner perceptions are associated with objective sensor‐measured adherence to oral appliance therapy in obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Gjerde Kjersti , Lehmann Sverre , Bjorvatn Bjørn , Berge Morten , Thuen Frode , Berge Thomas , Johansson Anders 
Published: September 2021

SummaryThe aims of the present prospective clinical study were to determine objective, sensor‐measured adherence to a mandibular advancement device (MAD) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and to identify partner‐specific adherence‐related factors. A total of 77 eligible participants with mild, moderate, or severe OSA and who were non‐adherent to continuous positive airway pressure (mean age 56.2 years) participated in the study (32.5% women). The mean (range) observation time between MAD delivery and final follow‐up was 8.3 (3.4–16.5) months. The mean apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) was 26.6 events/hr at baseline and 12.5 events/hr at the 8‐month follow‐up (both p < 0.001). The mean sensor‐measured adherence at the 8‐month follow‐up was 60.1% for ≥4 hr/night of appliance use for ≥5 days/week. Average usage was 6.4 hr/night, when worn. The mean reduction in the AHI was significantly greater in the “good adherence” (Δ 17.4) than the “poor adherence” group (Δ11.0; p < 0.05). From the partner’s perspective, the appliance had a positive effect on sharing a bedroom in the good‐ (55%) compared to the poor‐adherence group (25%; p < 0.05) and on their relationship (51.7% versus 17.9%, respectively; p < 0.05). Regression analyses identified the partner’s snoring and apneas to be the most significant factor predicting good adherence to MAD (odds ratio 4.4, 95% confidence interval 1.4–14.0). In conclusion, social factors, like partner perceptions, were positively associated with adherence, which indicate that partner’s attitudes and support may be a resource that can be utilised to improve adherence in oral appliance treatment of OSA.
Second Language Chinese Computer‐Based Writing by Learners With Alphabetic First Languages: Writing Behaviors, Second Language Proficiency, Genre, and Text Quality
Authors: Lu Xiaojun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study examined the relationship of L2 Chinese proficiency with writing behaviors in L2 Chinese and whether this relationship is mediated by genre. It additionally investigated how writing behaviors relate to L2 Chinese text quality. A sample of 32 L2 writers of Chinese performed two argumentative and two narrative tasks on a computer. Their keystrokes were logged. Participants’ L2 Chinese proficiency was estimated by a cloze test. Writing behaviors were operationalized as online measures of fluency, pausing, and revision. Text quality was assessed via holistic rating. Regression analyses revealed positive relationships of L2 proficiency to fluency, between‐word pause duration, between‐clause and between‐sentence pause frequency, and below‐clause revision frequency. L2 proficiency was also found to negatively correlate with within‐word and between‐word pause frequency and between‐sentence pause duration. Genre did not modulate the relationship of L2 proficiency to writing behaviors. More highly rated L2 Chinese texts were associated with fewer between‐word pauses.