bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electron generation in water induced by magnetic effect and its impact on dissolved oxygen concentration
Authors: Yap Augustine Chung Wei , Lee Hwang Sheng , Loo Joo Ling , Mohd Nuruol Syuhadaa 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
pH, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration are important parameters in water quality surveillance and treatment. The changes of these parameters are associated with electron density in water. Several techniques including electrolysis and catalysis which require redox reactions and electron exchange are employed to improve these parameters. In recent years, studies reported that magnetic effects can impart considerable changes on the pH, ORP and DO concentration of water. However, the correlation between electron density and magnetic effects on these parameters has yet to be disclosed despite the fact that increased electron density in water could improve water’s reductive properties, heat capacity and hydrogen bonding characteristics. In this study, the magnetic effects on pH, ORP and DO concentration were investigated using different magnets arrangements and water flow rates based on reversed electric motor principle. Results showed that the improvement of pH, ORP and DO concentration from 5.40–5.42 to 5.58–5.62 (+ 3.5%), 392 to 365 mV (-6.9%), and 7.30 to 7.71 mg L− 1 (+ 5.6%), respectively were achieved using combined variables of non-reversed polarity magnet arrangement (1000–1500 G magnetic strength) and water flow rate of 0.1–0.5 mL s− 1. Such decrement in ORP value also corresponded to 8.0 × 1013 number of electron generation in water. Furthermore, Raman analysis revealed that magnetic effect could strengthen the intermolecular hydrogen bonding of water molecules and favor formation of smaller water clusters. The findings of this study could contribute to potential applications in aquaculture, water quality control and treatment of cancer attributed to free radical induced-oxidative stress.
Breast Sarcomas: Rare but Challenging Entity for Diagnosis
Authors: Khemani Rashmi , Murthy Sudha S , K Naidu C , Fonseca Daphne , K Suseela , B Vishal Rao , Pasam Mohan Krishna , KVVN Raju , T Subramanyeshwar Rao , A Krishnam Raju 
Published: February 2021

Background: Breast sarcomas are extremely rare, can be primary or secondary, pose a high risk of recurrence with an overall poor prognosis. Primary breast sarcomas constitute < 1% of all primary breast malignancies and less than 5% of all sarcomas. Sarcomas arising in phyllodes tumors account for < 6 % of all phyllodes tumors. The most common subtype of both primary and secondary sarcoma is angiosarcoma.
Methods: This was a retrospective study of patients diagnosed as sarcoma of breast (excluding malignant phyllodes and metaplastic carcinoma) during the period from January 2016 to July 2019. The demographic and clinical features were noted from the medical records. The details of gross specimens (grossed in strict accordance with CAP protocols) were noted. The haematoxylin and eosin-stained slides along with immunohistochemistry (IHC) (pan cytokeratin, calponin, vimentin, SMA, CD117, Ki 67, desmin, CD10, CK5/6, EMA, p63, CD34, CD56, myogenin, CD99, p16, S100, BCL2, CD31, caldesmon and CD68) were reviewed and categorized according to WHO (2019) criteria.
Result: The median age of patients was fifty years. There were fourteen breast sarcomas including one arising in phyllodes tumor during the study period. These included undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (4), liposarcoma (2), myxofibrosarcoma (2), angiosarcoma (2), one each of leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, fibrosarcoma and stromal sarcoma. Despite using a wide panel of IHC markers, 4/14 (28.57%) sarcomas were classified as undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma.
Conclusion: Primary breast sarcomas are rare tumors and pose diagnostic challenge. It is important to categorize these entities in view of the differing biologic behavior and molecular profiles. Morphology along with IHC is important for diagnosis, treatment and prognosis.
Lean Management: Review of Lean Consciousness for the Clinical Laboratory
Authors: Prakash Praveen , Joshi Arpita , Jahan Aarzoo , Sharma Santosh Kumar , Yadav Shakti Kumar , Gupta Ruchika , Singh Harsh Vardhan , Sarin Namrata , Singh Sompal 
Published: February 2021

Lean management is a work philosophy of continuous improvement to achieve a smooth work flow by minimizing all kinds of waste including time, cost and manpower. The concept of lean management started as early as 1980’s and was soon adopted by production industry. However, incorporation of this concept in healthcare has been very gradual and hesitant, though lean heath care has immense potential to improve operational performance.
A clinical laboratory, which is essential in practice of evidence-based medicine, can be efficiently managed using lean management concept. Only a few publications in English literature have studied the effect of implementation of lean management in a clinical laboratory. There are certain challenges that a health care manager is likely to face in the implementation of lean management in clinical laboratory especially in developing nations. The present review discusses the implementation of lean management in a clinical laboratory with identification of various steps which require lean thinking.
INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF ANESTHESIA FOR LAPAROSCOPIC HYSTERECTOMY ON THE DYNAMICS OF STRESS HORMONES
Authors: Tkachenko Ruslan , Zaychenko Stanislav 
Published: February 2021

The aim of the study – to evaluate the influence of different variants of anesthesia, including low-opioid (LOA) and opioid-free anesthesia (OFA), on the dynamics of the stress response during laparoscopic hysterectomy.
Materials and methods: 102 patients were randomly allocated into 3 groups: 37 women assigned to receive a standard opioid-based anesthesia (OBA group), 33 women – LOA group and 32 patients OFA group.
Results: The patients of OFA group after induction and intubation of the trachea showed a significant (p<0.05) increase in cortisol level by 155.4 % and 160.9 % compared with the OBA group and LOA group. After completion of the hysterectomy, regardless of the variant of anesthesia, the level of cortisol exceeded the preoperative one (pOBA=0.116, pLOA=0.049, pOFA=0.043). Two hours after surgery with standard anesthesia (OBA group) there was a further increase in the concentration of cortisol in the blood, exceeding the initial values by 142.9 % (p=0.043). Patients in the LOA group and OFA group tended to decrease cortisolemia. The changes in adrenaline & glucose levels were somewhat similar.
Conclusion: Use of OFA is accompanied by an aggravation of the stress response at the stage of hysterectomy, which is manifested by an increase in the level of adrenaline and cortisol. The most adequate perioperative protection is inherent in low-opioid anesthesia, which is accompanied by a lower release of stress hormones during hysterectomy and in the postoperative period. Opioid-based anesthesia provides adequate intraoperative protection, but is accompanied by insufficient postoperative analgesia.
ADVERSE EFFECT OF INSOMNIA ON BLOOD LIPIDS IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSION
Authors: Isayeva Anna , Buriakovska Olena , Martynenko Oleksander , Ostropolets Sergiy 
Published: February 2021

Insomnia is a risk factor for the development of arterial hypertension, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiac rhythm disorders, and myocardial infarction. At the same time, insomnia is one of the most frequent non-cardiac complaints in patients with cardiovascular diseases.
The aim of the work was to study the presence of possible relationships between insomnia and the level of blood lipids.
Materials and methods. A cross-sectional study involving 118 patients was conducted. Criteria for inclusion in the study were age over 45 years, the presence of essential hypertension. All patients included the study underwent sampling of 7 ml of venous blood in the morning under fasting conditions. The content of total cholesterol (TCS), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL CS) was determined by enzymatic method on a biochemical analyser Humalyzer 2000. The patient was interviewed by a pre-trained study doctor.
Results. In the article a relationship between total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and the presence of insomnia has been established and proved by statistical model. The overall statistical model accuracy is 89.6 % and statistical significance p < 0.005. Accuracy of insomnia prediction is 85.7 % by level of total cholesterol (TCS) and patient interview data. Only one model with best accuracy exists and it was estimated at the article.
Conclusions. Relationship between total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and the presence of insomnia has been established and proved by statistical model. Accuracy of insomnia prediction is 85.7 % by level of total cholesterol (TCS) and patient interview data.
THE ROLE OF QUALITY OF LIFE IN MELATONIN CONTENT AS A REGULATOR OF DEFENSE AND AGGRESSION FACTORS IN GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE PATIENTS WITH SLEEP APNEA SYNDROME
Authors: Oparin Anatoliy , Oparin Aleksey , Murghuzov Murghuz 
Published: February 2021

The aim of the study: to study the effect of the quality of life on the melatonin content, and at the same time to assess the state of the factors of aggression and protection of the esophageal mucosa in patients with GERD without comorbidities and with concomitant obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS).
Methods. 45 patients were taken for the study. 23 of them had GERD concomitant COPD, 22 were with isolated GERD with a non-erosive form.
Melatonin levels were determined using the enzyme immunoassay method (ELIZA). Quality of life was assessed using the SF-36 questionnaire. Antioxidant protection of the mucous membrane (protection factor) – was assessed by the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD). SOD activity in blood serum was determined by calorimetric method. Determination of the DC level was carried out in the blood by the spectrofluorimetric method.
Results. The study showed that in patients with GERD with concomitant COPD, there is a significant decrease in the indicators of antioxidant activity and melatonin, both with indicators from the control group and with indicators of patients with GERD without comorbidity.
At the same time, in patients with GERD without comorbidities, an increase in the level of DC was observed in comparison with the control group and patients with GERD with concomitant pathology and acidity of gastric juice.
When analyzing the indicators of QOL in patients with GERD with concomitant pathology, there is a significantly more pronounced decrease in mental health, role emotional functioning and vitality.
Conclusions. It has been established that in patients with GERD in the stage of exacerbation of the disease, there is a statistically significant decrease in QOL indicators with a high degree of reliability, manifesting itself in patients without combined pathology in the spectrum of indicators of the physical component of health, and in patients with GERD with concomitant obstructive sleep syndrome – in the spectrum of the psychological component quality of life.
It has been shown that with a decrease in QOL in patients with GERD, the level of melatonin decreases, the decrease in which more clearly increases in patients with concomitant obstructive sleep apnea.
Simultaneously with a drop in the level of melatonin in patients with GERD without associated pathology, the aggression factor increases with a high degree of certainty - that is, a decrease in the pH of gastric juice and an increase in the content of DC, while in patients with GERD with concomitant sleep apnea syndrome, the factor decreases with a high degree of certainty. Protection of the esophageal mucosa – (that is, a decrease in SOD activity), which must be taken into account when treating this category of patients.
VULVOVAGINAL CANDIDIASIS IN COMBINATION WITH BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS IN WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE: FEATURES OF PATHOGENESIS AND TREATMENT
Authors: Pandei Svitlana , Ledin Dmytro , Lubkovska Oleksandra 
Published: February 2021

The aim. Reducing the recurrence of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) in combination with bacterial vaginosis (BV) in women of reproductive age by studying the pathogenesis and improving the algorithm of treatment and prevention measures.
Materials and methods. During the study, 150 women of reproductive age who had the same clinical manifestations of VVC and BV were selected and divided into 3 groups of 50 women: Group I was treated with an antimicrobial combination drug (miconazole with topical metronidazole), group II – the same drug in combination with probiotic (lactobacilli) in candles, group III – according to the algorithm improved by the authors. In addition, a control group was formed, which included healthy women of reproductive age.
To establish the pathogenesis of VVC in combination with BV in the studied women, the concentration of cytokines and adhesion molecules in the blood before and after treatment was determined and compared with the control group.
The clinical effect of different treatments was assessed at 3, 7, 10, 14 days, and the presence of relapses – 1, 3, 6 months after treatment.
Results. The occurrence of a combination of VVC and BV in women of reproductive age is accompanied by a significant increase in the level of intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecules (VCAM-1) along with a statistically significant increase in proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6) (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8)) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) - TNF-α. As a result of the application of the algorithm improved by the authors, higher clinical efficiency and the ability to avoid recurrence of VVC in combination with BV in women of reproductive age were obtained.
Conclusions. The authors' substantiated improvement of the algorithm of VVC treatment in combination with BV in women of reproductive age makes it possible to reduce the frequency of their recurrence and restore the biocenosis of the vagina to normal. In the case of this pathology there is an increase in the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8), TNF-α and ICAM-1 and VCAM-1.
PERSPECTIVES OF VEGETABLE PRESSED SKINS PROCESSING AND USE IN FOOD INDUSTRY
Authors: Cherevko Aleksandr , Mykhaylov Valeriy , Mayak Оlga , Shevchenko Andrey , Prasol Svitlana , Sardarov Aziz 
Published: February 2021

Vegetable concentrates contain in their composition dietary fibers, microelements, color-forming substances, allowing to use them as a replacer of a main substance in food products rather successfully. The authors propose a way of vegetables processing into vegetable semi-products. Vacuum drying of vegetable pressed skins using vibration is provided.
The method of vegetables processing into vegetable concentrates on an example of carrot provides raw material separation in juice and pressed skin with further separate processing of each component.
For realizing the proposed method, a technological production line of concentrates of vegetable raw materials, including developed and studied equipment: vacuum evaporating apparatus with a device for heating and mixing, vacuum vibration dryer has been developed.
Experimental studies of a swelling degree, solubility and reproduction of vegetable pressed skins have proved an advantage of drying raw materials under the influence of vibration that confirmed the choice of process parameters. Vegetable pressed skins at using vibration and vacuum have a swelling degree by 120…170 % more than at the convection drying regime
Improving grain size analysis using computer vision techniques and implications for grain growth kinetics
Authors: Ezad Isra S. , Einsle Joshua F. , Dobson David P. , Hunt Simon A. , Thomson Andrew R. , Brodholt John P. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Earth’s physical properties and mantle dynamics are strongly dependent on mantle grain size, shape, and orientation, but these characteristics are poorly constrained. Experimental studies provide an opportunity to simulate the grain growth kinetics of mantle aggregates. The experimentally determined grain sizes can be fit to the normal grain growth law (Gn – G0n) = k0t∙exp(–ΔH/RT) and then be used to determine grain size throughout the mantle and geological time. The grain growth dynamics of spinelorthopyroxene mixtures in the upper mantle are modeled here by experimentally producing small grain sizes in the range of 0.5 to 2 µm radius at pressures and temperatures equivalent to the spinel lherzolite stability field. To accurately measure the sizes of these small grains, we have developed a computer vision workflow; using a watershed transformation, which rapidly measures 68% more grains and produces a 20% improvement in the average grain size accuracy and repeatability when compared with manual methods. Using this automated approach, we have been able to identify a significant proportion of small grains, which have been overlooked when using manual methods. This additional population of grains, when fit to the normal grain growth law, highlights the influence of improved accuracy and sample size on the estimation of grain growth kinetic parameters. Our results demonstrate that automatic computer vision enables a systematic, fast, repeatable method of grain size analysis, across large data sets, improving the accuracy of experimentally determined grain growth kinetics.
Simultaneous Determination of Saponins and Lignans in Rat Plasma by UPLC- MS/MS and its Application to a Pharmacokinetic Study of Shenqi Jiangtang Granule
Authors: Zhang Hui , Chen Ruoyu , Xu Cong , Zhang Ya , Tian Qinghua , Wang Baoling , Zhang Guimin , Guan Yongxia , Yan Jizhong 
Published: February 2021

Background:Shenqi Jiangtang Granule (SJG), a classical prescription of traditional Chinese medicine, is widely used to treat diabetes and its complications. Although, the clinical efficacy of SJG, is sufficient, the pharmacokinetic behavior of various substances in the plasma of SJG is unknown.Objective:The aim of this study was to investigate the plasma pharmacokinetics during absorption of SJG after oral administration in rats.Methods:A rapid and accurate ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC- MS/MS) method was developed for the simultaneous determination of eight analytes in SJG, including gomisin D, schisandrin A, schisandrin B, schizandrol A, schizandrol B, ginsenoside Rd, ginsenoside Re and notoginsenoside Ft1. The analysis was carried out on a BEH C18 column (2.1 mm × 50 mm, 1.7 μm) with gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min in a mobile phase consisting of 0.1% formic acid water and acetonitrile. In addition, lignans and saponins were detected in positive ion mode and negative ion mode, respectively.Results:Eight analytes in SJG, including gomisin D, schisandrin A, schisandrin B, schizandrol A, schizandrol B, ginsenoside Rd, ginsenoside Re and notoginsenoside Ft1, showed good linearity (R2 in the range of 0.9955 ~ 0.9999). The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 5, 0.8, 0.8, 8, 0.8, 5, 0.6 and 10 ng/mL. The accuracy and precision of all analytes were at ±15%. Matrix effect and average extraction recovery were > 85%. All analytes performed well under four storage conditions.Conclusions:The results showed that in vivo absorption and exposure of gomisin D and ginsenoside Rd were better than other analytes, while schizandrol B and notoginsenoside Ft1 were poorly absorbed. This approach could be applied to study the pharmacokinetic characteristics of various analytes in plasma after oral administration of SJG in rats.
Withania somnifera in Neurological Disorders: Ethnopharmacological Evidence, Mechanism of Action and its Progress in Delivery Systems
Authors: Syed Anees A. , Reza Mohammad I. , Singh Pragati , Thombre Ganesh K. , Gayen Jiaur R. 
Published: February 2021

Background:
The underlying cause of major neurodegenerative disorders remains a healthcare mystery.
The thoroughly investigated causes include oxidative stress, inflammation, environmental factor, mitochondrial dysfunction,
and irregular neuronal protein aggregation. Withania somnifera has been used for more than 2500 years as a
useful medicinal plant to improve disease defense, prevent aging, rejuvenate the body in a vulnerable situation, and
generate a feeling of mental well-being. However, a persuasive paper emphasizing its neuroprotective nature is missing.

Objective:
In the current review, we have delineated the protective role of W. somnifera against various neurological
disorders and its progress in delivery systems.

Methods:
The database used in the retrieval of data were PubMed, Scopus, Science direct, and SciFinder. The keywords
used were W. somnifera, Ashwagandha, neuroprotective activities, etc. The principal source of the data retrieval
includes research articles, review papers, and short communications from reputed publishers, including the
New England Journal of Medicine, Elsevier, Nature, Springer, and Taylor & Francis.

Results:
After an extensive literature review, we found that W. somnifera mitigates various neurological disorders,
including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington disease, tardive dyskinesia, stroke, and anxiety. Furthermore,
natural compounds in nano sizes range possess better neuroprotective activity. Consequently, polymeric
nanomicelles, nanoparticles, and nanofibers of natural products are used in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

Conclusion:
The current review substantially deciphered the protective role of W. somnifera against various neurological
disorders. However, future studies are further required better to understand the molecular mechanisms behind
their neuroprotective nature.
Gamma Secretase Inhibitor: Therapeutic Target via NOTCH Signaling in T Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Kaushik Bhupendra , Pal Dilipkumar , Saha Supriyo 
Published: February 2021

Background:
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is a diseased condition of
bone marrow and lymphoblast, mainly expressed on T-cell immune phenotype. Diagnosis of TALL
patients shows the burden of a large tumour and leukemia cells in the peripheral blood vessel
which often infiltrates into the central nervous system.

Objective:
Chemotherapy is considered the primary mode of treatment for this disease, but recent
advancements in the molecular understanding of the disease, including NOTCH1 signaling, could
offer some alternatives. NOTCH signaling undergoes a non-regulated mutation at NOTCH1 in
most T-ALL. Gamma-secretase (GS) plays a key role in blocking of proteolytic activation of
NOTCH receptors, which could potentially be a new targeted therapy for this type of leukaemia.
This study mainly aims to outline the role of γ-secretase inhibitors via NOTCH signaling in TALL.

Results:
The role of GSI (γ-secretase inhibitor) in most T-ALL cell lines has been linked to the targeting
pathway of NOTCH signaling. Mutation at NOTCH1 has however not served as a predictor
of γ-secretase inhibitor sensitivity because of several factors, including gene expression of NOTCH
pathway activity. Therefore, despite the promising outcome of this approach in NOTCH-1 activated
T-ALL, not all patients with this condition are expected to respond.

Conclusion:
Long-term therapeutic success against cancerous cells is rarely achieved with
monotherapy, and even targeting investigational pathways such as NOTCH may require a combination
regimen. Ultimately, the optimised use of these new therapeutic agents may become the next
tool in our search for an effective ‘individualized medicine’.