bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Co‐Benefits of Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency Gains Through Combined Use of Controlled‐Release Urea and Conventional Urea in Rice
Authors: Yang Linsheng , Lakshmanan Prakash , Tu Debao , Sun Xueyuan , Zhou Yongjin , Xu Youzun , Li Zhong , Wu Wenge , Liu Xiaoyan , Luo Ting , Xi Min 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTCombined use of controlled‐release urea and conventional urea (CCU) is considered a practical strategy to simultaneously achieve the dual benefits of crop yield and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). However, the overall impact of CCU on rice production is not well understood. A meta‐analysis was conducted to determine the effect of CCU on rice yield and NUE in China. The results revealed that CCU increased rice yield by 6.22% and NUE by 16.5% compared with conventional urea. Significant yield and NUE gains from CCU were evident only when the ratio of controlled‐release urea to total nitrogen input reached 0.6 or above. Rice yield and NUE were increased simultaneously at nitrogen rates ranging from 150 to 225 kg ha−1, with no significant improvement in grain yield and NUE with nitrogen supply beyond 290 and 327 kg ha−1, respectively. In addition, rice yield and NUE were significantly greater with split rather than single application of CCU. Also, rice yield and NUE were increased when mean annual temperature (MAT), mean annual precipitation (MAP) and soil available nitrogen (AN) were more than 10°C, 800 mm, and 50 mg kg−1, respectively. Soil pH and organic matter content were significant determinants of rice yield and NUE gains with CCU. Our findings clearly demonstrate that the combined use of controlled‐release urea and conventional urea will deliver significant gains in rice yield and NUE and that it should be proposed as an effective measure for sustainable rice production.
Bayesian Effect Size Ranking to Prioritise Genetic Risk Variants in Common Diseases for Follow‐Up Studies
Authors: Crouch Daniel J. M. , Inshaw Jamie R. J. , Robertson Catherine C. , Ng Esther , Zhang Jia‐Yuan , Chen Wei‐Min , Onengut‐Gumuscu Suna , Cutler Antony J. , Sidore Carlo , Cucca Francesco , Pociot Flemming , Concannon Patrick , Rich Stephen S. , Todd John A. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBiological datasets often consist of thousands or millions of variables, e.g. genetic variants or biomarkers, and when sample sizes are large it is common to find many associated with an outcome of interest, for example, disease risk in a GWAS, at high levels of statistical significance, but with very small effects. The False Discovery Rate (FDR) is used to identify effects of interest based on ranking variables according to their statistical significance. Here, we develop a complementary measure to the FDR, the priorityFDR, that ranks variables by a combination of effect size and significance, allowing further prioritisation among a set of variables that pass a significance or FDR threshold. Applying to the largest GWAS of type 1 diabetes to date (15,573 cases and 158,408 controls), we identified 26 independent genetic associations, including two newly‐reported loci, with qualitatively lower priorityFDRs than the remaining 175 signals. We detected putatively causal type 1 diabetes risk genes using Mendelian Randomisation, and found that these were located disproportionately close to low priorityFDR signals (p = 0.005), as were genes in the IL‐2 pathway (p = 0.003). Selecting variables on both effect size and significance can lead to improved prioritisation for mechanistic follow‐up studies from genetic and other large biological datasets.
WTAP/IGF2BP3 Mediated m6A Modification of SOD2 mRNA Aggravates the Tumourigenesis of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Zhou Chengfu , Wang Meng , Du Xinming , Xue Lingkai , Zhu Xiangchao , Li Xiaomin , Zhao Qiang 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTWilms tumor 1‐associated protein (WTAP) has been validated to be a crucial regulator in the tumorigenesis and advancement of diverse malignancies. This study intended to probe the impacts of WTAP on colorectal cancer (CRC) progression from the perspective of N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) modification. The differential expression patterns of WTAP in clinical CRC samples and cultured cell lines were validated via qRT‐PCR and western blot. Cell function tests were conducted with colony formation, transwell, and CCK‐8. MeRIP‐qPCR was conducted to identify the WTAP‐mediated SOD2 (Superoxide dismutase 2) mRNA modification in CRC cells. Animal experiments were adopted to evaluate the function of WTAP in vivo. WTAP exhibited high expression pattern in CRC samples along with cells. Silencing of WTAP potently restrained the growth of CRC tumorigenesis in virto and in vivo. Mechanically, SOD2 was identified as an m6A target of WTAP. WTAP‐mediated m6A modification of SOD2 mRNA elevated its stability in an IGF2BP3‐dependent manner. Meanwhile, SOD2 overexpression could reverse the tumor suppressive effect induced by WTAP silencing. Molecular therapy targeting WTAP‐SOD2 may offer novel insights and perspectives for the treatment of CRC.
The Effect of Cryopreservation on T‐Cell Subsets by Flow Cytometry Automated Algorithmic Analysis and Conventional Analysis
Authors: Min Qian , Lv Qiao , Jiang Lu , Chen Qian , Peng Jin , Zhou Hongli , Zhou Ju , Dai Qian , Zhou Jianyun , Huang Qing 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundLow‐temperature cryopreservation is a common method for scientific research and clinical sample preservation when utilizing flow cytometry. In flow cytometry data analysis, traditional manual “gating” is susceptible to past experience and faces the challenge of manual subjective bias, time‐consuming, and multidimensional data analysis. With the development of algorithms, the advantages of dimensionality reduction and clustering in result analysis are gradually becoming more prominent.MethodsFlow cytometry was used to detect the effects of cryopreservation and freeze–thaw cycle on T‐cell subsets, and to analyze the data using automated algorithmic analysis and conventional manual “gating” methods.ResultsThe results showed that the number and viability of cells decreased slightly after one freeze–thaw within 2 weeks of cryopreservation, and there was no significant change in the subpopulation proportions and spatial locations by both analysis methods. The changes were significant with the increase of cryopreservation time and freeze–thaw cycle, which may be due to changes in the molecular conformation of the maker as a result of cryopreservation.ConclusionThe results indicate that both analysis methods have reached similar conclusions, but the repeatability and objectivity of automated algorithmic analysis have compensated for the uncertainty brought about by the subjective discretization of traditional manual “gating.” In addition, the automated algorithmic analysis more intuitively highlights the spatial positional variations in the relationships between cell populations.
Fabrication of thin‐film composite mixed matrix membrane with 2D magnesium oxide for gas separation application
Authors: Zainuddin Muhd Izzudin Fikry , Ahmad Abdul Latif , Adnan Mohamad Alif 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBACKGROUNDIncreased concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) emission leads to climate change. Hollow‐fibre membrane technology seems feasible due to its high packing density, facile processability and easily tuneable properties. A mixed matrix membrane is designed to overcome the balance of solution–dissolution phenomena. However, ensuring optimized dispersion of fillers at the outermost selective skin layer region appears to be challenging. In this study, a thin‐film composite mixed matrix membrane (TFCMMM) is fabricated with a facile dip‐coating method comprising a PES substrate, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) coating layer and magnesium oxide (MgO) nanosheet as the additive filler in the coating layer.RESULTSThe loading of the MgO nanosheet was varied from 0 to 10 wt% in the PDMS coating solution. Mixed gas performance showed a similar trend to the single gas permeation test, with lower gas permeance and selectivity due to the effect of competitive sorption between the binary gas mixtures. The permeance–selectivity trade‐off was absent until the MgO loading of 1.00 wt%, when CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 improved by 35.13% and 27.55%, respectively, over pristine TFCMMM. When the MgO loading was increased beyond 2.5 wt%, filler agglomeration and leaching caused the formation of non‐selective voids, reducing CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 selectivity. The improvement in selectivity observed in this study was due to an increased tortuous pathway of the gas penetrant due to the presence of a high‐aspect‐ratio MgO nanosheet, resulting in slower diffusion of gas through the PDMS selective layer of the TFCMMM.CONCLUSIONOur findings provide additional insights into the fabrication of TFCMMM using an MgO nanosheet as an additive filler in the coating layer, specifically for CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 separation. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
H19/miR‐484 axis serves as a candidate biomarker correlated with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Li Yancai , Liu Chunlong , Jin Qianqi , Yu Haizhen , Long Huaijin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) appears to be a common neurological developmental deficit disorder in pediatric patients, resulting in a tremendous burden on society.PurposeThe article aimed to explore early diagnostic markers for ASD.MethodsLevels of long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) H19 and microRNA‐484 (miR‐484) were detected using fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The Spearman method was applied for the correlation analysis with ASD severity. To evaluate the role of H19 and miR‐484 role in ASD diagnosis, the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted. Luciferase reporter assay was used to confirm the targeting relationship between H19 and miR‐484. The functions and pathways related to miR‐484 target genes were annotated by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis.ResultsElevated H19 levels were detected in ASD patients, which was positively correlated with disease severity. MiR‐484 showed a decreasing trend in ASD patients, while it was negatively related to disease severity. Both H19 and miR‐484 can distinguish ASD cases from controls with an AUC of 0.878 and 0.868, respectively. Luciferase reporter assay determined the target relationship between H19 and miR‐484., and their combination showed the highest diagnostic value for ASD (AUC = 0.906). GO and KEGG analysis demonstrated the targeted genes of miR‐484 were related to the development of ASD, and EIF4G2 and SMARCA2 were the main core genes.ConclusionH19 and miR‐484 were dysregulated in ASD patients and were both associated with disease severity. The combined H19 and miR‐484 represented a high diagnostic value for ASD.
AI‐Driven Microscopy: Cutting‐Edge Approach for Breast Tissue Prognosis Using Microscopic Images
Authors: Mahmood Tariq , Saba Tanzila , Al‐Otaibi Shaha , Ayesha Noor , Almasoud Ahmed S. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTMicroscopic imaging aids disease diagnosis by describing quantitative cell morphology and tissue size. However, the high spatial resolution of these images poses significant challenges for manual quantitative evaluation. This project proposes using computer‐aided analysis methods to address these challenges, enabling rapid and precise clinical diagnosis, course analysis, and prognostic prediction. This research introduces advanced deep learning frameworks such as squeeze‐and‐excitation and dilated dense convolution blocks to tackle the complexities of quantifying small and intricate breast cancer tissues and meeting the real‐time requirements of pathological image analysis. Our proposed framework integrates a dense convolutional network (DenseNet) with an attention mechanism, enhancing the capability for rapid and accurate clinical assessments. These multi‐classification models facilitate the precise prediction and segmentation of breast lesions in microscopic images by leveraging lightweight multi‐scale feature extraction, dynamic region attention, sub‐region classification, and regional regularization loss functions. This research will employ transfer learning paradigms and data enhancement methods to enhance the models' learning further and prevent overfitting. We propose the fine‐tuning employing pre‐trained architectures such as VGGNet‐19, ResNet152V2, EfficientNetV2‐B1, and DenseNet‐121, modifying the final pooling layer in each model's last block with an SPP layer and associated BN layer. The study uses labeled and unlabeled data for tissue microscopic image analysis, enhancing models' robust features and classification abilities. This method reduces the costs and time associated with traditional methods, alleviating the burden of data labeling in computational pathology. The goal is to provide a sophisticated, efficient quantitative pathological image analysis solution, improving clinical outcomes and advancing the computational field. The model, trained, validated, and tested on a microscope breast image dataset, achieved recognition accuracy of 99.6% for benign and malignant secondary classification and 99.4% for eight breast subtypes classification. Our proposed approach demonstrates substantial improvement compared to existing methods, which generally report lower accuracies for breast subtype classification ranging between 85% and 94%. This high level of accuracy underscores the potential of our approach to provide reliable diagnostic support, enhancing precision in clinical decision‐making.
Accelerometers can correctly count orthopaedic patients' early post‐operative steps while using walking aids
Authors: Tsamassiotis Spiros , Schwarze Michael , Gehring Philipp , Karkosch Roman F. , Tücking Lars‐René , Einfeldt Ann‐Kathrin , Jakubowitz Eike 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPurposeEffective rehabilitation after orthopaedic surgery is critical. The early post‐operative phase is increasingly managed in outpatient settings, necessitating objective measures such as step counts to monitor rehabilitation progress. However, it remains unclear if commercially available wearables or accelerometers using simple algorithms can accurately count steps in early post‐operative conditions. We hypothesised that only accelerometers could accurately determine the number of steps under these conditions.MethodsThis case series involved 20 healthy subjects, 7 female and 13 males, walking in a circle at varying speeds under partial loading with three different walking aids (forearm crutches, walking frame and rolling walker) and four wearables (Vivofit 4, Fenix 3HR, Fitbit Charge 3 and Omron HJ‐325) and one accelerometer (AX6) worn on the wrist, hip and ankle. The two‐point and modified three‐point gait patterns commonly used post‐operatively were simulated. The primary end point was the relative error (RE), defined as RE = (manual count − automated count)/manual count, of each wearable measurement compared to visual and video step counting, the gold standard.ResultsThe RE of AX6 and Fitbit was less than 0.1 for all walking aids except the rolling walker, with AX6 showing the lowest standard deviation (SD) compared to other wearables. Other wearables had significantly higher RE. Increased gait speed generally improved accuracy, reducing RE in most devices, except for the AX6, which showed the opposite trend. At 0.6 m/s, only AX6 achieved an RE below 0.1. The ankle was identified as the best measuring location.ConclusionDuring the early post‐operative period, commercial wearables can only accurately count steps under specific conditions and should be used cautiously for monitoring steps in the early post‐operative phase. However, accelerometers with appropriate coding appear suitable for this purpose.Level of EvidenceLevel III diagnostic study.
Synchrony dynamics of dissolved organic carbon in high‐mountain streams: Insights into scale‐dependent processes
Authors: Gómez‐Gener Lluís , Deluigi Nicola , Battin Tom J. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn high‐mountain landscapes, organic carbon (OC) is often limited and heterogeneously stored in poorly developed soils, snow, ground ice, and glaciers. Climate change influences the dynamics of OC mobilization to—and processing into—the recipient streams. Dynamics vary from seasonal (e.g., snow melt in spring) to daily (e.g., ice melt in summer) depending on the location of the streams within the catchment. Capturing the temporal richness of stream biogeochemical signals has become a reality with the advent of high‐resolution sensors. In this study, we applied wavelet analysis to high‐frequency discharge (Q) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) measurements from nine streams in the Swiss Alps to investigate the persistence of synchrony in Q (SQ) and DOC (SDOC) among streams, and their response to drainage network position, climate, and land cover gradients across different time scales. Our findings revealed that SQ and SDOC decayed non‐linearly over the first ~ 5 km and stabilized from this point onwards, indicating that localized controls influenced synchrony within single basins, but drivers operating at regional scale acted as synchrony stabilizers. We also showed that short‐term (0–10 d) SQ and SDOC were strongly influenced by the distance between streams and network connectivity. In contrast, catchment‐related properties (i.e., altitude or land cover) were more important drivers of SQ and SDOC dynamics at longer time scales (> 50 d). However, the degree to which local catchment properties controlled synchrony patterns at the longest timescales depended both on response variables (i.e., Q vs. DOC) and land cover (i.e., vegetation vs. glacier). Elucidating the most prominent timescales of SDOC is relevant given the hydrological alterations projected for high‐mountain regions. We show that glaciers impose a unique seasonal regime on DOC concentration, potentially overriding the effects of other local hydrological or biogeochemical processes during downstream transport. Consequently, SDOC dynamics in high‐mountain streams may change as glaciers shrink, thereby altering downstream opportunities for biogeochemical transformations.
Achieving over 500% Improvement in Optical Efficiency for VHOE‐Lightguide Near‐Eye Glasses with Exit Pupil Expansion
Authors: Yu Yeh‐Wei , Lin Chung‐Wei , Sun Chi , Lin Wen‐Kai , Su Wei‐Chia , Chang Chih‐Yao , Lai Wen‐Chin , Chen Ching‐Yuan , Lee Tsung‐Xian , Lin Shiuan‐Huei , Cheng Chih‐Yuan , Chen Chih‐Hung , Sun Wen‐Shing , Yang Tsung‐Hsun , Sun Ching‐Cherng 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis paper proposes an optimized spectrum distribution of the input image to significantly enhance the optical efficiency of volume holographic optical element (VHOE)‐based lightguides with exit pupil expansion (EPE). VHOEs‐based lightguides can suppress the eye‐glow effect and use multiplexing to expand field of view (FOV) with good color performance. Along with the demonstration of good image quality, it makes VHOEs one of the best choices for couplers of EPE lightguide. This method utilizes the Model named “Volume Hologram being an Integrator of the Lights Emitted from Elementary Light Sources (VOHIL)” to derive an analytical solution for the wavelength‐angular degeneracy properties of VHOEs, enabling the authors to calculate the peak wavelength distribution that passes through the lightguide. To prove the concept, by meticulously controlling the wavelength distribution and the full width at half maximum of the input light spectrum with a dispersion holographic optical element, a remarkable increase in efficiency is achieved. This approach yields an optical efficiency of 9% for the lightguide with a 30° FOV, representing a 5.63‐fold improvement over conventional VHOE‐based EPE lightguides. It is three times better than the best record of published efficiency in SRG‐based EPE lightguides. This breakthrough has significant potential for advancing the development of high‐performance, user‐friendly near‐eye glasses.
A Review on the Extraction, Structural Characterization, Function, and Applications of Peptidoglycan
Authors: Yao Xu , Yi Zhongkai , Xu Min , Han Ye 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPeptidoglycan (PGN) is the primary component of bacterial cell walls, consisting of linear glycan chains formed by alternating linkages of N‐acetylglucosamine (NAG) and N‐acetylmuramic acid (NAM) through glycosidic bonds. It exhibits biological activity in various aspects, making it a biologically significant macromolecule with extensive industrial application. This review aims to explore the latest research advancements in the extraction techniques, structural characterization, functions, and applications of PGN. The review compares the advantages and limitations of traditional chemical lysis methods with modern mechanical‐assisted and bio‐assisted extraction techniques, discusses chemical composition analysis techniques and structural characterization methods of PGN. The review emphasizes the potential of PGN in immune modulation, specific recognition, and adsorption functions. Furthermore, the review examines potential applications of PGN in vaccine development, the livestock industry, the removal of harmful substances, and protein bioprocessing. In the end, based on the current development trend, future research directions for PGN are proposed, including in‐depth studies on the mechanisms of PGN in different hosts and its immunomodulatory effects in various disease models. It is expected that a comprehensive reference framework for the research and application of PGN will be provided through this review, offering ideas and directions for further development and utilization.
An Oriented Interpenetrating Network Structure Multi‐Stimuli Responsive Hydrogel
Authors: Tong Hui , Pan Ziwei , Fu Xie , Zhou Yulong , Zhang Xia , Zhang Kun , Kang Shuai , Luo Jinling , Lu Wenqiang , Douadji Lyes 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAs a recent focal point of research, soft electronics encompass various factors that synergistically enhance their mechanical properties and ensure stable electrical performance. However, challenges such as immiscible conductive fillers, poor phase interfaces, and unstable conductive networks hinder the overall efficacy of these materials. To address these issues, a hydrogel featuring an oriented interpenetrating network structure (OIPN) is developed. The pyrrole monomer is in situ polymerized within the confined space of PVA macromolecular chains at low temperatures, resulting in a double network structure. Subsequently, the conductive hydrogel with an OIPN configuration is synthesized through directional freezing combined with salting out techniques. After doping phytic acid (IP6), non‐covalent bonds dynamically reinforce the dual network architecture and the pathways for conductivity transfer. Due to its distinctive OIPN structure, the hydrogel containing 50% PPy and 2.3% IP6 exhibits remarkable conductivity (75 µs mm−1), excellent stretchability (400%), optimal multi‐stimuli sensing responses (mechanical and gaseous stimuli), and outstanding device stability (over 2600 cycles at 40% strain). This multifunctional hydrogel presents a promising strategy for advancing applications in soft electronic materials.