bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intelligent buildings for energy consumption management
Authors: Bucur I , Axinte P , Pleşcan C , Şerban A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The main concern of the paper is the energy consumption management, in relation to the advantages and disadvantages of an intelligent building. The building sector consumes about one third of primary energy. An intelligent use of energy could have an impact on the energy consumption and cost. Energy management is the process of controlling, conserving and monitoring the energy in a building or recently in a home. With the use of sensors, all systems are connected and useful data is gathered to improve the building’s efficiency. Intelligent building design is the future of building and building services sector. Enhancing energy preservation strategies and using sustainable design approaches are necessary in developing intelligent buildings. This implies a more effective approach to reaching the green goals, and it also implies financial savings. Building an intelligent building involves a larger investment, but in the long run the usual expenses will decrease. National grid energy consumption will decrease with the use of renewable energy sources, such as solar or wind energy, if the energy is produced on site. In order to make a difference in the climate change, intelligent buildings depend on the non-fossil sources, which will affect the energy usage. Furthermore, an intelligent building will increase the comfort and productivity of its occupants, for either a workspace or a home.
Renewable energy sources potential evaluation in Romania
Authors: Bucur I , Axinte P , Plescan C , Şerban A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Renewable energy sources (wind energy, solar energy, energy hydropower, ocean energy, geothermal energy, biomass and biofuels) are alternatives to conventional fuels in the greenhouse gases emissions reduction process. Because of the EU legislation support, the renewable energy sources have evolved significantly in recent years and in 2009 EU set a target of 20% energy consumption comes from renewable energy sources by 2020. In 2018, the target has been set for 32% of energy consumption from renewable energy sources by 2030. There is currently a debate on the policy framework future for the period after 2030. Greenhouse gas emissions is considered a serious threat regarding climate change, with potentially disastrous effects on humanity. The use renewable energy sources (RES), together with improved energy efficiency, can contribute to the reduction of energy consumption, the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and, consequently, to prevent dangerous climate change. The potential of biomass, solar, hydro, wind and geothermal energy is very important, especially in recent years, due to financial support mechanisms such as green certificates, which in many European countries helped this sector to developed progressively.
Investigation of HGHE near building basement – a case study
Authors: Bulmez A M , Ciofoaia V , Boian I 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Ground heat exchangers represent the barrier between installing a ground source heat pump (GSHP) or a heat pump that use another source as water or air. While the vertical ground heat exchangers (VGHE) yield better results than horizontal ground heat exchangers (HGHE), the installation cost is higher than HGHE. Although, HGHE installation cost is a lot more affordable for residential use, it has the disadvantage of requiring a large installation area and lower efficiency than VGHE due to the temperature variation at the surface of the ground throughout the year. This study focuses on investigating possible use of the energy that is lost through the ground from basements in general, to help the heat pump when the HGHE is installed in the proximity of the basement. In order to achieve concluding results, an experiment was conducted at the University of Transilvania from Braşov, at the Faculty of Civil Engineering. In the experiment the HGHE was installed next to the basement exterior wall. In addition, a CFD numerical study was conducted. Firstly, to verify the experimental measurements and secondly, to obtain results with different working parameters. The results indicate that the thermal insulation degree of the basement wall and floor is an important parameter when considering heat loss into the ground. Likewise, the thermal state of the basement, heated or unheated, contributes considerably to the final results. Consequently, positioning the HGHE in the proximity of basements can represent an energetic optimization, especially when the basement is heated and it isn’t thermal insulated, as can be the case for an existing building.
Flood frequency analysis of Casimcea river
Authors: Cerneagă C , Maftei C 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Flood frequency analysis is the most important statistical technique in understanding the nature and magnitude of high discharge in a river. This technique is used for establishing a relationship between flood magnitude and frequency of occurrence (return period). This study performs the flood frequency analysis of Casimcea river. The Casimcea catchment is located in the Dobrogea-Littoral basin of south-eastern Romania, and covers parts of two counties, Tulcea and Constanta. The main river of Casimcea catchment flows into the Tasaul lake and has two main tributaries (Ramnic and Cartal). In this study, Log-Normal, Log-Pearson Type III and Gumbel probability distributions have been applied on maximum discharge time series data of four hydrological stations, Casimcea and Cheia on Casimcea River and Pantelimonu on its main tributaries Ramnic and Cartal. For this study have been used the annual maximum series data spreading from 29 to 52 years. The frequency analysis will be performed with Hydrognomon. open-source software for the analysis of hydrological data. Hydrognomon is free software licensed under the General Public License (GPLv3).
The influence of materials on the behaviour of joints with multiple bar connections
Authors: Heinemann P , Isopescu D N , Maxineasa S G 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Joints made out of tubular steel members are often used in industrial constructions, like offshore, trusses or tree-shaped columns. The joint area is the weakest point in a truss structure. Beside the normal static behaviour many non-linearities due to the geometry or to the welding process have to be taken into account. Steel hollow sections are often used. Much research was made on welded nodes so far. To increase the resistance of a joint it is an option to vary the material choice. Many variations were tested in the past. It is possible to change the overall material of a joint or using composite structures, like a concrete filled column. Or the steel of the welding line can get an additional material component. Another aspect is to reinforce the joint for example by a stiffened ring. In this paper a state-of-the-art review of the influence of different materials to the resistance of welded nodes is given.
Thermo-energetic assessment of industrial buildings
Authors: Iancu I E , Moga L 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The present paper is focused on the assessment of industrial buildings from their thermal and energy performance perspective, driven by the need to reduce energy consumption and CO2 emissions on a worldwide level. A state of the art will be elaborated regarding the environmental impact of buildings that led to an increased pressure on a more energy efficient design. The focus will afterwards turn on the constructive solutions of industrial buildings for a better understanding of their elements and materials used. Aspects regarding the national and international stock of industrial and logistics spaces, demand, price range and future evolution of this sector, are also presented. Description and comparison is conducted on the building envelope thermal performance and its impact on the energy performance of buildings. Several conclusions will be drawn based on the obtained energy indexes and future research paths will be suggested.
Spalling of high strength concrete in fire
Authors: Lalu O , Darmon R , Lennon T 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper reviews a series of experimental tests programmes undertaken at BRE in the UK on the performance in fire of high strength concrete with a particular focus on mix design to assess the effects of spalling. The experiments include a series of fire tests on reinforced and unreinforced concrete columns and tunnel linings. The paper will provide information on the parameters that lead to explosive spalling of tunnel linings in a fire situation and on the measures available to mitigate this hazard.
Static and dynamic plate loading tests of stabilized soil samples used for riverbank consolidation
Authors: Nagy A-Cs , Ilieş N M , Cîrcu A-P , Ciubotaru V-C , Crăciunescu B M 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Building of an experimental slope protection system on Căpuş river, near Cluj presented the opportunity of in situ testing of stabilized soils. Different hydraulic binder was used on each side of the river, so this testing series provided valuable data about deformability properties of the encountered soil types. There are some deformability parameters used in Romania which were “imported” at the specific request of foreign investors. The strain modulus, Ev, is a parameter expressing the deformation characteristics of a soil and is calculated taking values from the load-settlement curve obtained from the first and second loading cycle, on a static plate load test. In earthworks, the dynamic plate load test using the Light Falling Weight Deflectometer may be used for testing load-bearing capacity as an alternative to the static plate load test which provides the strain modulus, Ev parameter. Dynamic modulus of deformation Evd is a parameter for the deformability of soil under a defined, vertical impact load with the impact duration. Its value is being calculated with the maximum settlement of the load plate. None of these methods made way into official Romanian standardisation, the Evd is subject of a technical agreement, which also contains the correlation of it with Ev. Conducting both static and dynamic loading tests enabled the verification of validity of relation between strain modulus and dynamic modulus.
Reinforcement methods designed to increase the residual life expectation of rigid pavements
Authors: Zghibarcea S , Taranu N , Ungureanu D , Boboc A , Boboc V 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The lifespan of a road structure can be evaluated only based on a traffic forecast. After a road is open to traffic, degradations are starting to developed, even at light and moderate traffic levels. Thus, at a specific time moment during the structure’s lifespan, the residual life expectation of a road can be determined as a function of the degradation state and the forecasted traffic. The degradation state can be evaluated either by using the approximated characteristics of the road construction materials or, based on the real material properties that are experimentally determined on core samples. If the residual life is estimated based on up-to-date traffic forecasts and real road materials properties, the common reinforcement methods used to prologue the lifespan of the structure can be optimized and adapted to the specific conditions of each type of pavement.
Activated carbon and halloysite nanotubes membrane for CO2 and CH4 separation
Authors: Gunasakaran A , Jafa J , Saalah S , Sipaut C S , Yusof N , Aziz F , Ismail A F , Bilad M R , Yahya N Y , Ismail N M 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this study, mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) were prepared where activated carbon and halloysite nanotubes with a loading of 1 wt% is incorporated into the polysulfone membrane, and the performance of each membrane was investigated. The morphological properties, mechanical strength and their correlations with the gas separation performance for CO2 and CH4 for halloysite-mixed matrix membrane (MMMs-HNT) and activated carbon-mixed matrix membrane (MMMs-AC) was studied by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM-EDX), tensile test and gas permeation test. From the characterization of MMMs, SEM shows an increase of 30.77% on the thickness of the dense layer of MMMs-HNTs compared to neat membrane and MMMs-AC. The EDX results also showed that HNTs evenly distributed in the polymeric matrix without any sign of agglomeration. Elongation at the break for MMMs-HNTs also decreases to 11.38%. The gas separation performance for MMMs-HNTs increased by about 55.43% compared to MMMs-AC at 2 bar. Furthermore, MMMs-HNTs also showed in increase in the selectivity of membrane towards CO2 and CH4 from 0.82 to 15.83 at 2 bar. In conclusion, the addition of 1 wt% of HNTs into PSF polymeric matrix showed a better permeance of CO2 and a greater selectivity compared to the neat membrane and the MMMs-AC and thus is the optimum inorganic filler for the mixed matrix membrane.
Retraction: LCA-SEM Energy Petrochemical Product Structure: A Research on Optimization Model of Low Carbon Economy Urban Agglomeration Supply Chain (IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.
439 052041)
Authors: Yucong You , Luxia Yi 
Published: April 2021

IOP Publishing Limited ("IOPP") is retracting this paper following an investigation which revealed that sections of the manuscript are computer generated. IOP Publishing is investigating why this was not identified during the submission and peer review process by the conference. As a member of the Committee for Publication Ethics (COPE) this has been investigated in accordance with COPE guidelines and it was agreed the article should be retracted.
IOPP expresses its thanks to the independent advisors who have shared their thoughts regarding this paper during the course of the investigation.
Retraction published: 28 April 2021
Beam collapse and refractive index changes inside fused silica induced by loosely focused femtosecond laser
Authors: Zhang Lin , Liu Jiamin , Zhong Zhicheng , Jiang Hao , Gu Honggang , Chen Xiuguo , Liu Shiyuan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Femtosecond laser-induced optical and structural changes inside transparent materials are crucial to ultrafast laser micromachining. In this work, on-axis beam collapse has been predicted by theoretical simulations and further demonstrated by the experimental results where a femtosecond pulse was loosely focused into a fused silica with the energy far above the self-focusing threshold. A detailed discussion of the energy thresholds and the starting locations on the optical axis of beam collapse for different beam waist radiuses is given. In addition, the spatial distribution of the refractive index has been determined using a spectroscopic ellipsometer and a roughly uniform decrease of 0.1 has been observed in the laser-modified region. Further, the relationship between the spatial distribution of the refractive index and the pulse energy density has been discussed quantitatively. The observed modulation of the beam collapse and the refractive index distribution can be expected to be a useful tool for femtosecond laser micromachining.
Influence of heat treatment on creep behavior of IN625 coating on a Ni3Al-base superalloy
Authors: Taheri Morteza , Rasoulpouraghdam Arash , Lohrasbi-Nejad Azadeh , Kashani-Bozorg Seyed Farshid , Panahi Liavoli Rohallah 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
IN625 coatings applied by selective laser melting show high resistance at high temperatures but the creep behavior of such coatings is not well understood. In this paper, the microstructure and creep behavior of this coating applied to Rene80 alloy under different heat treatment conditions, were investigated by a small punch creep test. The results show that coating application in the form of solution heat treatment + coating + aging heat treatment leads the maximum creep life of about 135 h. In cast-coated specimens, liquation cracks due to incomplete solution of γ-γ′ eutectic, γ′ phase, Cr-Mo boride, and MC carbide in heat affected zone reduced the creep life by about 63 h. In these samples, unlike the heat treatment sample, which experienced inter-granular creep failure, the failure occurred exactly from the coating-substrate interface.
Anti-condensation behavior of bamboo leaf surface (backside) and its bionic preparation
Authors: Wan Yanling , Zhang Caiyun , Zhang Meng , Xu Jinkai 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Condensation often leads to a decrease in the efficiency of engineering equipment and an increase in energy consumption. Therefore, preventing or delaying condensation on the metal surface is of great significance for practical applications. Here, we report that the main microstructures on the bamboo leaves(backside) are microgrooves, pores and nano needle-like waxy layers, which have good hydrophobicity and anti-condensation performance. Combined experiments and theoretical analyses reveal that, the hydrophobic surface increases the thermodynamic barrier during the condensation process, which makes the liquid droplets appear in a dropwise condensation mode on the surface, thereby increasing the heat transfer coefficient. In addition, when the condensed droplets merge, their low surface energy and nano-needle structure drive their spontaneous bounce. Here, imitated the backside surface of bamboo leaf, an anti-condensation on the aluminum alloy surface is achieved by laser processing and sol-gel method-hydrothermal method.
Recent progress of triboelectrification-induced electroluminescence: from fundaments to applications
Authors: Su Li , Wang Haojie , Zi Yunlong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Luminescence is the premise for humans and even all creatures in the world to survive, as well as a crucial means for humans to interact with the environment. Recently, triboelectrification-induced electroluminescence (TIEL) has been applied in anti-counterfeiting, real-time vision sensor, human/machine interactive system, as well as self-powered illumination and display, thus attracting significant attention. It can convert kinetic energy into light through the coupling effects of triboelectrification and electroluminescence. In this review, we focus on the latest advancements of TIEL, including its fundaments, novel applications, and outlook. It is predicted that TIEL will be widely applied in daily activities and industrial productions, so as to achieve self-powered smart systems.
Advances on gradient scaffolds for osteochondral tissue engineering
Authors: Oliveira Joaquim M , Ribeiro Viviana P , Reis Rui L 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The osteochondral (OC) tissue is one of the most hierarchical and complex structures known and it is composed by two main compartments of hyaline articular cartilage and subchondral bone. It exhibits unique cellular and molecular transitions from the cartilage to the bone layers. OC diseases such as osteoarthritis and traumatic lesions may affect the articular cartilage, calcified cartilage (interface region) and subchondral bone, thus posing great regenerative challenges. Tissue engineering (TE) principles can offer novel technologies and combinatorial approaches that can better recapitulate the biological OC challenges and complexity in terms of biochemical, mechanical, structural and metabolic gradients, and ultimately can provide biofunctional 3D scaffolds with high reproducibility, versatility and adaptability to each patient’s needs, as it occurs in OC tissue defects. The recent reports and future directions dealing with gradient scaffolds for OCTE strategies are overviewed herein. A special focus on clinical translation/regulatory approval is given.
Novel simple topology coreless TMR array current sensor
Authors: Xu X P , Liu T Z , Zhu M , Wangs J G 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Traditional coreless current sensors have multiple magnetic sensors, the same number of operational amplifier and analog-to-digital converter (ADC). This requires more components and basically cannot meet the practical use because of area-effective and cost-effective requirements. In this paper a novel coreless tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) array current sensor has the characteristics of simple N-1-1 topology, light weight, and low power consumption. Three TMRs are directly connected in parallel and unified only by one programmable amplifier to directly output to meet the current measurement. A relatively simple circuit structure is adopted and a good result is obtained. Finally, the applicability of the scheme is verified by theoretical analysis and actual measurement.
Characterization and comparison of gene-centered human interactomes
Authors: Mosca Ettore , Bersanelli Matteo , Matteuzzi Tommaso , Di Nanni Noemi , Castellani Gastone , Milanesi Luciano , Remondini Daniel 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe complex web of macromolecular interactions occurring within cells—the interactome—is the backbone of an increasing number of studies, but a clear consensus on the exact structure of this network is still lacking. Different genome-scale maps of human interactome have been obtained through several experimental techniques and functional analyses. Moreover, these maps can be enriched through literature-mining approaches, and different combinations of various ‘source’ databases have been used in the literature. It is therefore unclear to which extent the various interactomes yield similar results when used in the context of interactome-based approaches in network biology. We compared a comprehensive list of human interactomes on the basis of topology, protein complexes, molecular pathways, pathway cross-talk and disease gene prediction. In a general context of relevant heterogeneity, our study provides a series of qualitative and quantitative parameters that describe the state of the art of human interactomes and guidelines for selecting interactomes in future applications.
Attentional Modulation of Hierarchical Speech Representations in a Multitalker Environment
Authors: Kiremitçi Ibrahim , Yilmaz Özgür , Çelik Emin , Shahdloo Mo , Huth Alexander G , Çukur Tolga 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHumans are remarkably adept in listening to a desired speaker in a crowded environment, while filtering out nontarget speakers in the background. Attention is key to solving this difficult cocktail-party task, yet a detailed characterization of attentional effects on speech representations is lacking. It remains unclear across what levels of speech features and how much attentional modulation occurs in each brain area during the cocktail-party task. To address these questions, we recorded whole-brain blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) responses while subjects either passively listened to single-speaker stories, or selectively attended to a male or a female speaker in temporally overlaid stories in separate experiments. Spectral, articulatory, and semantic models of the natural stories were constructed. Intrinsic selectivity profiles were identified via voxelwise models fit to passive listening responses. Attentional modulations were then quantified based on model predictions for attended and unattended stories in the cocktail-party task. We find that attention causes broad modulations at multiple levels of speech representations while growing stronger toward later stages of processing, and that unattended speech is represented up to the semantic level in parabelt auditory cortex. These results provide insights on attentional mechanisms that underlie the ability to selectively listen to a desired speaker in noisy multispeaker environments.