bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MP‐NeRF: A massively parallel method for accelerating protein structure reconstruction from internal coordinates
Authors: Alcaide Eric , Biderman Stella , Telenti Amalio , Maher M. Cyrus 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe conversion of proteins between internal and cartesian coordinates is a limiting step in many pipelines, such as molecular dynamics simulations and machine learning models. This conversion is typically carried out by sequential or parallel applications of the Natural extension of Reference Frame (NeRF) algorithm. This work proposes a massively parallel NeRF implementation which, depending on the polymer length, achieves speedups between 400 and 1200× over the previous state‐of‐the‐art. It accomplishes this by dividing the conversion into three main phases: parallel composition of the monomer backbone, assembly of backbone subunits, and parallel elongation of sidechains; and by batching these computations into a minimal number of efficient matrix operations. Special emphasis is placed on reusability and ease of use. We open source the code (available at https://github.com/EleutherAI/mp_nerf) and provide a corresponding python package.
Serum concentrations of small dense low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and lipoprotein(a) are related to coronary arteriostenosis in Takayasu arteritis
Authors: Chen Si , Luan Haixia , He Jianxun , Wang Yan , Liu Shuang , Li Yongzhe , Zeng Xiaoli , Yuan Hui 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundSerum small dense low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (sdLDL‐C) and lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] levels are related to coronary disease, but their specific associations with coronary arteriostenosis in Takayasu arteritis (TA) have not been ascertained. This study explored the correlations between serum sdLDL‐C and Lp(a) levels and coronary arteriostenosis in TA patients as well as the degree of artery stenosis.MethodsThis retrospective study included 190 TA patients and 154 healthy subjects. TA patients were divided into three categories based on the degree of coronary stenosis: Group I, stenosis >50%; Group II, stenosis 1%–50%; and Group III, stenosis 0%. Independent risk factors for coronary arteriostenosis in TA were identified by logistic regression, followed by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis to determine the specificity and sensitivity of risk factors and Youden's Index score calculation to determine the cutoff points.ResultsTakayasu arteritis patients had significantly higher serum levels of sdLDL‐C and Lp(a) than healthy controls (p < 0.0001). The total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL‐C, sdLDL‐C, and Lp(a) levels and the sdLDL‐C/LDL‐C ratio in Group I were significantly higher than those in Groups II and III (p < 0.05). An elevated serum sdLDL‐C level elevated the risk of coronary arteriostenosis by 5‐fold (cutoff value, 0.605 mmol/l). An increased serum Lp(a) level increased the risk of coronary arteriostenosis by 3.9‐fold (cutoff value, 0.045 g/l). An elevated sdLDL‐C/LDL‐C ratio increased the risk of coronary arteriostenosis by 2.1‐fold (cutoff value, 0.258).ConclusionsSerum sdLDL‐C and Lp(a) levels and sdLDL‐C/LDL‐C ratio may be used as diagnostic factors for coronary arteriostenosis in TA patients.
Intramuscular tetanus neurotoxin reverses muscle atrophy: a randomized controlled trial in dogs with spinal cord injury
Authors: Kutschenko Anna , Manig Anja , Mönnich Angelika , Bryl Beatrice , Alexander Cécile‐Simone , Deutschland Martin , Hesse Stefan , Liebetanz David 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundMotor symptoms of spinal cord injury (SCI) considerably impair quality of life and are associated with a high risk of secondary diseases. So far, no pharmacological treatment is available for these symptoms. Therefore, we conducted a randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled study in dogs with spontaneous SCI due to disc herniation to test whether a reduction of spinal inhibitory activity by intramuscular injections of tetanus neurotoxin (TeNT) alleviates motor symptoms such as muscle atrophy or gait function.MethodsTo this end, 25 dogs were treated with injections of either TeNT or placebo into their paretic hindlimb muscles. Effects of TeNT on muscle thickness were assessed by ultrasound, while effects on gait function were measured using the modified functional scoring system in dogs.ResultsFour weeks after the TeNT injections, muscle thickness of the gluteus medius muscle (before median 1.56 cm [inter‐quartile range {IQR} 1.34–1.71 cm] and after median 1.56 cm [IQR 1.37–1.85 cm], P‐value 0.0133) as well as of the rectus femoris muscle (before median 0.76 cm [IQR 0.60–0.98 cm] and after median 0.93 cm [IQR 0.65–1.05 cm], P‐value 0.0033) significantly increased in the TeNT group. However, there was no difference in gait function between the TeNT and placebo groups. The treatment was well tolerated by all dogs without any signs of generalized tetanus symptoms or any spreading of effects beyond the lumbar level of the injected hindlimbs.ConclusionsWith regard to the beneficial effects on muscle thickness, intramuscular injections of TeNT represent the first pharmacological approach that focally reverses muscle atrophy in SCI. Moreover, the study data support the safety of this treatment when TeNT is used at low dose.
Right ventricle early inflow‐outflow index may inform about the severity of pneumonia in patients with COVID‐19
Authors: Kahyaoglu Muzaffer , Guney MuratCan , Deniz Derya , Kilic Ertugrul 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundEchocardiography is generally used in our daily practice to detect cardiovascular complications in COVID‐19 patients and for etiological research in the case of worsened clinical status. Many echocardiographic parameters have been the subject of investigation in previous studies on COVID‐19. Recently, the right ventricle early inflow‐outflow (RVEIO) index has been identified as a possible and indirect marker of the severity of tricuspid regurgitation and right ventricular dysfunction in pulmonary embolism. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between the severity of pneumonia in COVID‐19 patients and the RVEIO index.MethodsA total of 54 patients diagnosed with COVID‐19 pneumonia were enrolled in this study. Our study population was separated into two groups as severe pneumonia and nonsevere pneumonia based on computed tomography imaging.ResultsSaturation O2, C‐reactive protein, D‐dimer, deceleration time, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, tricuspid lateral annular systolic velocity, and RVEIO index values were found to be significantly different between severe and nonsevere pneumonia groups. The result of the multivariate logistic regression test revealed that saturation O2, D‐dimer, Sm, and RVEIO index were the independent predictive parameters for severe pneumonia. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that RVEIO index >4.2 predicted severe pneumonia with 77% sensitivity and 79% specificity.ConclusionThe RVEIO index can be used as a bedside, noninvasive, easily accessible, and useful marker to identify the COVID‐19 patient group with widespread pneumonia and, therefore high risk of complications, morbidity, and mortality.
Novel truncating variant of MN1 penultimate exon identified in a Chinese patient with newly recognized MN1 C‐terminal truncation syndrome: Case report and literature review
Authors: Zhao Arman , Shu Dandan , Zhang Daxue , Yang Bin , Hong Liyi , Wang Andi , Yao Ruen , Wang Jian , Lv Haitao , Wang Jian , Shen Yiping , Wang Hongying , Gu Qin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMN1 C‐terminal truncation (MCTT) syndrome is a newly recognized neurodevelopmental disorder due to heterozygous gain‐of‐function C‐terminal truncating mutations clustering in the last or penultimate exon of MN1 gene (MIM: 156100). Up to date, only 25 affected patients have been reported. Here, we report a 2‐year‐old Chinese girl with MCTT syndrome. The girl presented with the characteristic features of the syndrome, including global developmental delay (GDD), facial dysmorphism and hearing impairment. Notably, the patient did not have other frequently observed symptoms such as hypotonia, cranial or brain abnormalities, indicating variability of the phenotype of patients with MN1 C‐terminal truncating mutations. Trio whole‐exome sequencing revealed a novel de novo heterozygous nonsense variant in the extreme 3′ region of penultimate exon of MN1 (NM_002430.3: c.3743G > A, p.Trp1248*). This rare truncating variant was classified as pathogenic due to its predicted gain‐of‐function effect, given that the gain‐of‐function MN1 truncating variants producing C‐terminally truncated proteins have been confirmed to cause the recognizable syndrome. Additionally, a systematic review of previously reported MN1 variants including C‐terminal truncating variants and N‐terminal truncating variants shows that different location of MN1 truncating variants causes two distinct clinical subtypes. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of MCTT syndrome caused by a novel MN1 C‐terminal truncating variant in a Chinese population, which enriched the mutation spectrum of MN1 gene and further supporting the association of the novel MCTT syndrome with MN1 C‐terminal truncating variants.
Identity‐based hate and violence as trauma: Current research, clinical implications, and advocacy in a globally connected world
Authors: Allwood Maureen , Ghafoori Bita , Salgado Carolina , Slobodin Ortal , Kreither Johanna , Waelde Lynn C. , Larrondo Paulina , Ramos Nadia 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHate‐based violence is increasingly recognized as an urgent social justice and human rights issue that is pervasive across geographical and socioeconomic boundaries. There is a growing body of research that demonstrates the traumatic impact of hate‐based violence on the victim's mental and physical health. This review focuses on examining scientific knowledge and prevalence data on identity‐based hate and violence exposure. A framework for conceptualizing hate‐based violence as a traumatic event or series of traumatic events is offered as a means to understand research findings and intervention approaches. The importance of research, advocacy, and human rights training is highlighted in the efforts to address the traumatic impact of identity‐based hate and violence.
Maternal support and caregiver–child symptom concordance among sexually abused children
Authors: Wamser‐Nanney Rachel , Campbell Claudia L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCaregivers and children often diverge in their reports of children's trauma‐related symptoms, and this discordance has been linked with children's behavioral difficulties and poorer treatment outcomes. Knowledge regarding what factors may be related to discordance is limited, and maternal support in relation to trauma‐related symptom agreement has yet to be investigated. The aim of the present study was to examine the associations between discordance and both maternal emotional support and blame/doubt in caregivers’ and children's reports of trauma‐related symptoms in sexually abused children. Participants were treatment‐seeking, sexually abused children (N = 122) aged 8–12 years (M = 9.45 years, SD = 1.09; 70.5% female, 57.4% White) and their nonoffending caregivers. Low intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) indicated the presence of significant discordance across symptom types, with caregivers reporting higher levels of trauma‐related difficulties, ICCs = −.21–.22. Older children were more likely to disclose higher levels of anger and sexual concerns than younger children, βs = .18–.33. Children's gender, race, and relationship to their caregiver were not related to symptom discordance. Further, maternal emotional support and blame/doubt were not associated with caregiver–child concordance for any examined difficulties. Assessment of both caregivers’ and children's perceptions of trauma‐related symptoms is vital given the likelihood of discordance in child and caregiver reports of symptom levels. Although maternal emotional support and blame/doubt may not be linked to concordance with regard to trauma‐related difficulties, child age should further be considered as a potentially important factor in understanding caregiver–child symptom concordance.
Bladder cancer‐associated transcript 1 promotes melanoma cell proliferation and invasion via the miR‐374b‐5p/U2‐associated factor homology motif kinase 1 axis
Authors: Wu Zong‐Zhou , Xu Qing 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMelanoma is a malignancy derived from melanocytes and is associated with high mortality rates worldwide. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been confirmed to be pivotal regulators in multiple types of cancer. Many lncRNAs are aberrantly expressed in tumors and perform vital functions in cancer progression. Nevertheless, the biological role of lncRNA bladder cancer‐associated transcript 1 (BLACAT1) in melanoma progression remains unexplored. In this study, the collected data showed that BLACAT1 was highly expressed in melanoma. Mechanistically, miR‐374b‐5p bound to BLACAT1, and U2‐associated factor homology motif kinase 1 (UHMK1) was a downstream target of miR‐374b‐5p. BLACAT1 upregulated UHMK1 expression by acting as a competing endogenous RNA for miR‐374‐5b. BLACAT1 deficiency resulted in the upregulation of miR‐374b‐5p expression and the downregulation of UHMK1 expression in melanoma cells. Moreover, BLACAT1 activated PI3K and AKT signaling by upregulating UHMK1 expression, as shown by western blotting analyses. Functionally, UHMK1 overexpression or miR‐374b‐5p knockdown reversed the suppressive effect of BLACAT1 depletion on melanoma cell proliferation and invasion. In conclusion, BLACAT1 promotes melanoma cell proliferation and invasion by upregulating UHMK1 expression via miR‐374b‐5p to activate the PI3K/AKT pathway. These results might provide promising insight into the investigation of prognostic biomarkers of melanoma.
Roles of skull base surgery and particle radiotherapy for orbital malignant tumors involving the skull base
Authors: Teshima Masanori , Shinomiya Hirotaka , Kimura Hidehito , Hashikawa Kazunobu , Kiyota Naomi , Miyawaki Daisuke , Sasaki Ryohei , Kohmura Eiji , Nibu Ken‐ichi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the oncological outcomes of orbital malignant tumors invading the skull base.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on 16 patients with orbital malignant tumors invading the skull base. Eleven patients were treated with skull base surgery, four patients were treated with particle therapies, and one patient was treated with chemoradiotherapy (CRT) as initial treatment.ResultsThe most frequent histological type was adenoid cystic carcinoma in seven patients, followed by squamous cell carcinoma in two patients. Local recurrence occurred in two of the six surgically treated patients who did not receive postoperative radiotherapy (RT) or CRT. One of them was successfully salvaged by RT, and the other died of disease. With a median follow‐up of 24 months, the 2‐year overall, local control, and disease‐free survival rates of all patients were 82.5%, 87.5%, and 59%, respectively.ConclusionsPatients with positive surgical margins were at risk of local recurrence. Postoperative RT should be considered for all surgically treated patients.Level of Evidence: 4.
Eutrophication and predation mediate zooplankton diversity and network structure
Authors: Li Yun , Wang Rong , Su Haojie , Wang Jianjun , Xie Ping , Chen Feizhou 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAnthropogenic activities such as eutrophication and fishing have prominent effects on freshwater ecosystems. However, the ways in which ecosystem function and biodiversity respond to multiple drivers from eutrophication and top‐down predation remains inconclusive. We studied zooplankton communities in 102 subtropical shallow lakes in the eastern plain of China and further examined the joint effects of nutrient enrichment and predation on biodiversity and ecological networks. We found that alpha diversity was negatively influenced by nutrient conditions (such as total phosphorus and total nitrogen [TN]), whereas beta diversity (β‐diversity) was positively related to nutrients and was also structured by omnivorous fish showing a unimodal pattern. Furthermore, the network skewness of zooplankton increased with nutrient enrichment, especially TN, and was negatively related to omnivorous fish. This skewness is more sensitive than β‐diversity, whereas negative skew is primarily caused by omnivorous fish. Our results demonstrated that top‐down effects were dominant for zooplankton communities and resulted in structural adjustment of zooplankton communities, mainly with an increase in fish predation. A negative skewed network indicates the presence of more generalist species and stronger connections among the zooplankton assemblages, as well as decreased β‐diversity.
Fluorine‐Free Bio‐Based Multifunctional Superhydrophobic Hyperbranched Self‐Cleaning Coating for Oil‐Water Separation
Authors: Cao Yang , Zhou Meng , Fu Heqing 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this paper, first, UV‐curable vinyl‐terminated hyperbranched polyester (VTDP) is synthetized via a two‐step reaction. Then, mono‐sulfhydryl terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS‐SH) is prepared via esterification reaction. Finally, cotton fabrics are immersed in mixtures of PDMS‐SH, double‐sulfhydryl terminated polydimethylsiloxane (HS‐PDMS‐SH), VTDP and hydrophobic fumed silica (HFS), and cross‐linking polydimethylsiloxane with hydrophobic fumed silica (HCPDMS@HFS) fabrics are prepared by 35 s of UV irradiation. When the content of HFS is 2.0 wt%, the superhydrophobic HCPDMS@HFS fabrics with high water contact angle (158.5) as well as low sliding angle (6.8) are obtained. At the same time, HCPDMS@HFS fabrics can withstand sandpaper abrasion for 30 cycles and tape‐peeling repetition for 100 times. They also exhibit excellent self‐cleaning ability, chemical durability, thermal stability, and good recyclability.
Replacing Saturated Fat with Polyunsaturated Fat Modulates Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Gene Expression and Pathways Related to Cardiovascular Disease Risk Using a Whole Transcriptome Approach
Authors: Larsen Sunniva V. , Holven Kirsten B. , Christensen Jacob J. , Flatberg Arnar , Rundblad Amanda , Leder Lena , Blomhoff Rune , Telle‐Hansen Vibeke , Kolehmainen Marjukka , Carlberg Carsten , Myhrstad Mari C. , Thoresen Magne , Ulven Stine M. 
Published: October 2021

ScopeThe aim of this study is to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of replacing dietary saturated fat (SFA) with polyunsaturated fat (PUFA) on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk using a whole transcriptome approach.Methods and ResultsHealthy subjects with moderate hypercholesterolemia (n = 115) are randomly assigned to a control diet (C‐diet) group or an experimental diet (Ex‐diet) group receiving comparable food items with different fatty acid composition for 8 weeks. RNA isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) at baseline and after 8 weeks of intervention is analyzed by microarray technology (n = 95). By use of a linear regression model (n = 92), 14 gene transcripts are differentially altered in the Ex‐diet group compared to the C‐diet group. These include transcripts related to vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, low‐density lipoprotein receptor folding, and regulation of blood pressure. Furthermore, pathways mainly related to immune response and inflammation, signal transduction, development, and cytoskeleton remodeling, gene expression and protein function, are differentially enriched between the groups.ConclusionReplacing dietary SFA with PUFA for 8 weeks modulates PBMC gene expression and pathways related to CVD risk in healthy subjects with moderate hypercholesterolemia.
Patient satisfaction with the first contact physiotherapy service: Results from the national evaluation survey
Authors: Wood Lianne , Bishop Annette , Goodwin Rob , Stynes Siobhan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundMusculoskeletal (MSK) First Contact Physiotherapists (FCPs) are diagnostic clinicians able to assess and manage undifferentiated and undiagnosed MSK presentations. The FCP role in primary care has been introduced to allow patients with MSK pain to see a FCP directly rather than wait to see a General Practitioner (GP) first, which improves capacity within primary care. A national evaluation was undertaken of the FCP model. This article reports the thematic analysis of the free‐text responses of patients who participated in the national evaluation.MethodsAn online platform collected patient‐reported experience and outcomes following the FCP consultation and at 1, 2 and 3 months follow‐up. Free‐text responses to the Friends and Family test, reasons for consulting another health care professional (HCP) and general comments were thematically analysed and grouped according to their responses.ResultsOver 13 months, 680 of 2825 registered patients (24%) completed the initial questionnaire and 54% (n = 370) completed the 3‐month follow‐up. During the course of the evaluation, 785 participants provided free‐text responses. Themes identified from free‐text responses were: communication and knowledge, clinicians’ characteristics, efficiency, treatment provided, assessment skills and service provided in comparison to GP care. Complaints represented 4% (n = 26 comments) of total feedback. The main reasons for consulting other HCPs after seeing a FCP were persistent pain, delays in referrals or already attending NHS physiotherapy.ConclusionThematic analysis of free‐text responses in the national FCP evaluation provides context and detail to the positive outcomes reported by patients after consulting a FCP in primary care.
Online and hard constrained adaptive dynamic programming algorithm for energy storage control in smart buildings
Authors: Chen Zitao , Chen Si‐zhe , Zhang Yun , Deng Quanbin , Zeng Xianxian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe high computational complexity caused by static optimization is the key factor to hinder the development of energy management systems. Adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) is an effective dynamic optimization method to break through the bottleneck. However, the hard constraints of energy system have not been fully considered due to the non‐convexity and nonlinearity of the value function, which makes the theoretical analysis complicated and brings safe security problems in battery systems. In this article, a systematic online ADP control framework is proposed for smart buildings control to ensure hard constraints to be satisfied. The second‐order local expansion at the current state is used to replace the nonlinear value function to simplify the theoretical analysis with the error of the reminder term. Based on the local property of value function, a method for the determination of adaptive parameters is first designed. It is proven that the solution of adaptive parameters not only prevents over‐charged and over‐discharged of the battery but also limits the charging and discharging power of the battery to be less than the rated power. In addition, long‐short term memory (LSTM) neural networks, a type dynamic network with memory characteristics, are used for the implementation of the present algorithm instead of the static networks to help realize the algorithm online. Due to the hidden state of LSTM, the performance of the online algorithm is improved after running the energy system. Numerical results verify the effectiveness of the proposed online control algorithm.
Discrete‐time approximation for stochastic optimal control problems under the G‐expectation framework
Authors: Jiang Lianzi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this article, we propose a class of discrete‐time approximation schemes for stochastic optimal control problems under the G‐expectation framework. The proposed schemes are constructed recursively based on piecewise constant policy. We prove the convergence of the discrete schemes and determine the convergence rates. Several numerical examples are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the obtained results.