bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low-rank density-matrix evolution for noisy quantum circuits
Authors: Chen Yi-Ting , Farquhar Collin , Parrish Robert M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this work, we present an efficient rank-compression approach for the classical simulation of Kraus decoherence channels in noisy quantum circuits. The approximation is achieved through iterative compression of the density matrix based on its leading eigenbasis during each simulation step without the need to store, manipulate, or diagonalize the full matrix. We implement this algorithm using an in-house simulator and show that the low-rank algorithm speeds up simulations by more than two orders of magnitude over existing implementations of full-rank simulators, and with negligible error in the noise effect and final observables. Finally, we demonstrate the utility of the low-rank method as applied to representative problems of interest by using the algorithm to speed up noisy simulations of Grover’s search algorithm and quantum chemistry solvers.
Relationship between retinal capillary vessel density of OCT angiography and intraocular pressure in pig
Authors: Choi Mihyun , Kim Seong-Woo , Ahn Somin , Vu Thi Que Anh , Yun Cheolmin , Kim Yong Yeon 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate density change in the retinal capillary plexus during intra ocular pressure (IOP) elevation in vitrectomized pigs’ eyes using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Eight eyes of eight micro pigs received vitrectomy and the IOP was controlled from 15 mmHg (baseline) to 105 mmHg in 15 mmHg increments using a vented-gas forced-infusion system, and then decreased back to normal IOP (recovery state). The spectral-domain OCTA device was set to scan an area of 8.8 × 4.4 mm (30° × 15°) above the optic nerve head for each IOP. The relative vessel density (rVAD) compared to baseline was determined for the total retinal blood flow (RBF) which included major retinal artery and venous vessels, radial peripapillary capillaries (RPCs), superficial (SVP), intermediate (IVP), and deep vascular plexus (DVP). The mean rVAD was 0.890 in RBF, 0.826 in RPCs, 0.817 in SVP, 0.819 in IVP, and 0.794 in DVP at 30 mmHg. While the rVAD of RBF and RPCs decreased to 0.504 and 0.541 at 45 mmHg, the SVP, IVP, and DVP decreased to 0.433, 0.359, and 0.345, respectively. When IOP was normalized, the rVAD was recovered in all layers and the VAD of RBF, IVP, and DVP were higher than baseline (P = 0.040, 0.019, and 0.019, respectively). Retinal capillary density deterioration in each layer was found from 30 mmHg using an OCTA system which showed excellent depth-resolved segmentation of retinal capillary layers even at higher IOPs. Reduction in VAD showed full recovery after IOP normalization.
Deep learning early stopping for non-degenerate ghost imaging
Authors: Moodley Chané , Sephton Bereneice , Rodríguez-Fajardo Valeria , Forbes Andrew 
Published: April 2021

AbstractQuantum ghost imaging offers many advantages over classical imaging, including the ability to probe an object with one wavelength and record the image with another (non-degenerate ghost imaging), but suffers from slow image reconstruction due to sparsity and probabilistic arrival positions of photons. Here, we propose a two-step deep learning approach to establish an optimal early stopping point based on object recognition, even for sparsely filled images. In step one we enhance the reconstructed image after every measurement by a deep convolutional auto-encoder, followed by step two in which a classifier is used to recognise the image. We test this approach on a non-degenerate ghost imaging setup while varying physical parameters such as the mask type and resolution. We achieved a fivefold decrease in image acquisition time at a recognition confidence of $$75\%$$

75
%

. The significant reduction in experimental running time is an important step towards real-time ghost imaging, as well as object recognition with few photons, e.g., in the detection of light sensitive structures.
Extreme-UV quiet Sun brightenings observed by the Solar Orbiter/EUI
Authors: Berghmans D. , Auchère F. , Long D. M. , Soubrié E. , Mierla M. , Zhukov A. N. , Schühle U. , Antolin P. , Harra L. , Parenti S. , Podladchikova O. , Aznar Cuadrado R. , Buchlin É. , Dolla L. , Verbeeck C. , Gissot S. , Teriaca L. , Haberreiter M. , Katsiyannis A. C. , Rodriguez L. , Kraaikamp E. , Smith P.J. , Stegen K. , Rochus P. , Halain J. P. , Jacques L. , Thompson W. T. , Inhester B. 
Published: April 2021

Context. The heating of the solar corona by small heating events requires an increasing number of such events at progressively smaller scales, with the bulk of the heating occurring at scales that are currently unresolved.
Aims. The goal of this work is to study the smallest brightening events observed in the extreme-UV quiet Sun.
Methods. We used commissioning data taken by the Extreme Ultraviolet Imager (EUI) on board the recently launched Solar Orbiter mission. On 30 May 2020, the EUI was situated at 0.556 AU from the Sun. Its High Resolution EUV telescope (HRIEUV, 17.4 nm passband) reached an exceptionally high two-pixel spatial resolution of 400 km. The size and duration of small-scale structures was determined by the HRIEUV data, while their height was estimated from triangulation with simultaneous images from the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory mission. This is the first stereoscopy of small-scale brightenings at high resolution.
Results. We observed small localised brightenings, also known as ‘campfires’, in a quiet Sun region with length scales between 400 km and 4000 km and durations between 10 s and 200 s. The smallest and weakest of these HRIEUV brightenings have not been previously observed. Simultaneous observations from the EUI High-resolution Lyman-α telescope (HRILya) do not show localised brightening events, but the locations of the HRIEUV events clearly correspond to the chromospheric network. Comparisons with simultaneous AIA images shows that most events can also be identified in the 17.1 nm, 19.3 nm, 21.1 nm, and 30.4 nm pass-bands of AIA, although they appear weaker and blurred. Our differential emission measure analysis indicated coronal temperatures peaking at log T ≈ 6.1 − 6.15. We determined the height for a few of these campfires to be between 1000 and 5000 km above the photosphere.
Conclusions. We find that ‘campfires’ are mostly coronal in nature and rooted in the magnetic flux concentrations of the chromospheric network. We interpret these events as a new extension to the flare-microflare-nanoflare family. Given their low height, the EUI ‘campfires’ could stand as a new element of the fine structure of the transition region-low corona, that is, as apexes of small-scale loops that undergo internal heating all the way up to coronal temperatures.
Star formation scaling relations at ∼100 pc from PHANGS: Impact of completeness and spatial scale
Authors: Pessa I. , Schinnerer E. , Belfiore F. , Emsellem E. , Leroy A. K. , Schruba A. , Kruijssen J. M. D. , Pan H.-A. , Blanc G. A. , Sanchez-Blazquez P. , Bigiel F. , Chevance M. , Congiu E. , Dale D. , Faesi C. M. , Glover S. C. O. , Grasha K. , Groves B. , Ho I. , Jiménez-Donaire M. , Klessen R. , Kreckel K. , Koch E. W. , Liu D. , Meidt S. , Pety J. , Querejeta M. , Rosolowsky E. , Saito T. , Santoro F. , Sun J. , Usero A. , Watkins E. J. , Williams T. G. 
Published: April 2021

Aims.The complexity of star formation at the physical scale of molecular clouds is not yet fully understood. We investigate the mechanisms regulating the formation of stars in different environments within nearby star-forming galaxies from the Physics at High Angular resolution in Nearby GalaxieS (PHANGS) sample.Methods.Integral field spectroscopic data and radio-interferometric observations of 18 galaxies were combined to explore the existence of the resolved star formation main sequence (Σstellarversus ΣSFR), resolved Kennicutt–Schmidt relation (Σmol. gasversus ΣSFR), and resolved molecular gas main sequence (Σstellarversus Σmol. gas), and we derived their slope and scatter at spatial resolutions from 100 pc to 1 kpc (under various assumptions).Results.All three relations were recovered at the highest spatial resolution (100 pc). Furthermore, significant variations in these scaling relations were observed across different galactic environments. The exclusion of non-detections has a systematic impact on the inferred slope as a function of the spatial scale. Finally, the scatter of the Σmol. gas + stellarversus ΣSFRcorrelation is smaller than that of the resolved star formation main sequence, but higher than that found for the resolved Kennicutt–Schmidt relation.Conclusions.The resolved molecular gas main sequence has the tightest relation at a spatial scale of 100 pc (scatter of 0.34 dex), followed by the resolved Kennicutt–Schmidt relation (0.41 dex) and then the resolved star formation main sequence (0.51 dex). This is consistent with expectations from the timescales involved in the evolutionary cycle of molecular clouds. Surprisingly, the resolved Kennicutt–Schmidt relation shows the least variation across galaxies and environments, suggesting a tight link between molecular gas and subsequent star formation. The scatter of the three relations decreases at lower spatial resolutions, with the resolved Kennicutt–Schmidt relation being the tightest (0.27 dex) at a spatial scale of 1 kpc. Variation in the slope of the resolved star formation main sequence among galaxies is partially due to different detection fractions of ΣSFRwith respect to Σstellar.
Differential Effects of Various Androgens on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: de Medeiros Sebastião Freitas , Barbosa Bruna Barcelo , de Medeiros Ana Karine Lin Winck Yamamoto , de Medeiros Matheus Antônio Souto , Yamamoto Márcia Marly Winck 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe hyperandrogenism in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with
the risk for the future development of the cardiovascular disease. The
objective of the study is to verify whether different androgens have the
same harmful effect. This cross-sectional study enrolled 823 women with
PCOS: 627 (76.2%) with biochemical hyperandrogenism and 196
(23.8%) with normal androgen levels. The role of individual androgen
was evaluated using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. In
normoandrogenemic PCOS (NA-PCOS), free androgen index (FAI) predicted
significant abnormality in visceral adipose index (VAI, OR=9.2,
p=0.002) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) predicted against
alteration in β-cell function (OR=0.5, p=0.007). In
hyperandrogenemic PCOS (HA-PCOS), FAI predicted derangements in waist
triglyceride index (WTI), VAI, and lipid accumulation product (LAP) (OR
ranging from 1.6 to 5.8, p<0.05). DHEA weakly predicted against VAI
(OR 0.7, p=0.018), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) tended to
predict against the conicity index (OR=0.7, p=0.037). After
multiple regression, FAI retained significant strength to predict various
anthropometric and metabolic abnormalities (OR ranging from 1.1 to 3.0,
p<0.01), DHEA was kept as a protector factor against WTI, LAP, and
VAI (OR ranging from 0.6 to 0.9; p<0.01) and DHEAS against the
conicity index (OR=0.5, p<0.001). In conclusion, the free
androgen index was the most powerful predictor of anthropometric and
metabolic abnormalities of polycystic ovary syndrome. Conversely, DHEA and
DHEAS demonstrated protective effects against disorders in some markers of
obesity and abnormal metabolism.
Improving Postpartum Attendance among Women with Gestational Diabetes Using the Medical Home Model of Care
Authors: Soffer Marti D. , Rekawek Patricia , Pan Stephanie , Overbey Jessica , Stone Joanne 
Published: April 2021

Objective Poor attendance at the 6-week postpartum (PP) visit has been well reported. Attendance at this visit is crucial to identify women who have persistent diabetes mellitus (DM) following pregnancies affected by gestational DM (GDM). The medical home model has eliminated barriers to care in various other settings. This study sought to improve PP attendance among women with GDM by jointly scheduling PP visits and the 2-month well infant visits.
Study Design All patients with a diagnosis of GDM who received care at a New York City–based publicly insured hospital clinic and delivered between October 2017 and June 2019 were eligible. Data were obtained via chart review. The primary outcome was attendance at the PP visit compared with previously published historical controls. Secondary outcomes were rates of PP glucose screening and well infant attendance.
Results Of the 74 patients enrolled, 41.9% were Hispanic and 17.6% were Black, mean age was 31.6 years, and 58.1% delivered vaginally. Attendance at the 6-week PP visit was 68.9%, and attendance at the infant visit was 55.1%. PP glucose testing was ordered for 76.5% of attendees at the PP visit, and of those ordered, 43.6% of attendees completed testing. All patients had joint visits requested, though only 70.3% of visits were scheduled jointly. Among those who were jointly scheduled, 71.2% of women attended, 57.7% of infants attended, and 7.7% of pairs attended on the same day. The PP visit attendance rate was not significantly different than the prior attendance rate (p = 0.84).
Conclusion This study was unable to improve PP visit attendance among women with GDM by jointly scheduling the 6-week PP visit and the 2-month well-infant visit. Future research could be directed toward a shared space where both women and children can be seen to attempt to increase PP visit attendance and monitoring for women with GDM.
Key Points
Interpregnancy Body Mass Index Change and Offspring Mortality Risk following the Second Pregnancy
Authors: Dude Annie M. , Smid Marcela C. , Branch D. Ware , West Jennifer , Meeks Huong , Yu Zhe , Fraser Alison , Smith Ken , Reddy Deepika 
Published: April 2021

Objective The aim of the study is to examine the impact of maternal interpregnancy body mass index (BMI) change on subsequent offspring mortality risk.
Study Design This is a retrospective cohort study of women who had two consecutive live singleton deliveries of at least 20 weeks' gestation from the Utah Population Database. Our exposure was defined as interpregnancy BMI change from the date of first delivery to the conception date of subsequent pregnancy. We categorized BMI change as: < − 1, −1 to 0, 0 to <1 (reference), 1 to 2, 2 to 4, ≥4 kg/m2. Our primary outcome was all-cause age-specific mortality during four time periods: neonatal (≤28 days), infant (29 days to <1 year old), childhood ((≥1 to <5 years old), and late childhood (5 to <18 years old). We also examined mortality specifically attributed to congenital anomalies. Analyses used Cox proportional hazard models stratified by full term (≥37 weeks) and preterm (<37 weeks) deliveries. All models were adjusted for relevant confounders.
Results Of 266,752 women, among full-term deliveries, women with a BMI increase of 4 kg/m2 or more had an increased risk of neonatal mortality in their subsequent pregnancy (hazard ratio or HR = 1.72, 95% confidence interval or CI: 1.23–2.41) Women who lost 1 kg/m2 or more between deliveries also had increased neonatal mortality (HR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.04–2.05). There were no differences in infant, early, or late childhood mortality by interpregnancy BMI change. Maternal interpregnancy interval weight loss of 1 kg/m2 or more and weight gain of ≥4 kg/m2 also had increased risk of mortality associated with congenital anomalies or conditions arising during the neonatal period following their subsequent delivery.
Conclusion Women with significant interpregnancy weight gain and modest weight loss have a significant increased risk of neonatal mortality following their subsequent pregnancy.
Key Points
Data analysis scheme for correcting general misalignments of an optics configuration for a voltage measurement system based on the Pockels electro-optic effect
Authors: Choi Seongmin , Lee Dong-Geun , Woo H. J. , Hong S. H. , Ham Seunggi , Ryu Jonghyeon , Chung Kyoung-Jae , Hwang Y. S. , Ghim Y.-c. 
Published: April 2021

Having a sub-ns response time and not requiring physical contacts to the measurement points, a voltage measurement system based on the Pockels electro-optic effect, referred to as a PE (Pockels effect)-based voltmeter, is widely used for pulsed high voltage devices such as accelerators and X-pinch systems. To correct for the misalignment of a Pockels cell and the transmittance ratio of a beam splitter, a polar-coordinate-based data analysis scheme has been proposed. This scheme also overcomes a limitation on the measurable range of a PE-based voltmeter without ambiguity and can measure the half-wave voltage of a Pockels cell. We present an improved polar-coordinate-based data analysis scheme using an ellipse fitting method, which can correct for misalignments of all the optics components of a PE-based voltmeter while keeping the advantages of the previous scheme. We show the results of the improved data analysis scheme for measuring a slowly modulated voltage up to approximately 5 kV in about 30 s and a pulsed high voltage up to 7 kV with a rise time of less than 20 ns.
Optical and magnetic properties of Sm-doped BiFeO3 nanoparticles around the morphotropic phase boundary region
Authors: Gu Yanhong , Zhou Yan , Zhang Weiying , Guo Chaoyang , Zhang Xianghui , Zhao Jianguo , Zhang Yaju , Zheng Haiwu 
Published: April 2021

The crystal structure, photocatalytic activity, and ferromagnetic properties of Sm-substituted (Bi1−xSmxFeO3, x = 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20) nanoparticles were systematically investigated within the entire Sm substitution region. The morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) consisting of a rhombohedral phase, orthorhombic interim phase (Pna21), and orthorhombic phase with 0.1 ≤ x ≤ 0.2 is constructed and confirmed by x-ray diffraction and Raman spectra with new vibration modes at ∼310 cm−1. The photocatalytic activity and ferromagnetism are improved around the MPB region (x = 0.10). Meanwhile, the wasp-waisted hysteresis loops are present around the MPB region. Wasp-waisted hysteresis loops have the features of low hysteresis loss in low magnetic fields and are helpful in designing some multiferroic devices.
Small noncoding RNA profiling across cellular and biofluid compartments and their implications for multiple sclerosis immunopathology
Authors: Zheleznyakova Galina Yurevna , Piket Eliane , Needhamsen Maria , Hagemann-Jensen Michael , Ekman Diana , Han Yanan , James Tojo , Khademi Mohsen , Al Nimer Faiez , Scicluna Patrick , Huang Jesse , Kockum Ingrid , Faridani Omid R. , Olsson Tomas , Piehl Fredrik , Jagodic Maja 
Published: April 2021

Significance
Dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs), a type of small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs), has frequently been associated with multiple sclerosis (MS). However, most studies have focused on peripheral blood, and few investigated other classes of sncRNAs. To address this, we analyzed all classes of sncRNAs in matching peripheral blood mononuclear cells, plasma, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cells, and cell-free CSF from MS patients and controls. We demonstrate widespread alterations of small nuclear (snRNA)–derived RNAs, small nucleolar-derived RNAs (sdRNAs), transfer RNA–derived fragments, and miRNAs, particularly in CSF cells. The striking contrast between the periphery and central nervous system and between relapse and remission phases of disease highlights the importance of sncRNA-mediated mechanisms in MS, in particular alternative splicing and mRNA translation.
Enhanced Ca2+signaling, mild primary aldosteronism, and hypertension in a familial hyperaldosteronism mouse model (Cacna1hM1560V/+)
Authors: Seidel Eric , Schewe Julia , Zhang Junhui , Dinh Hoang An , Forslund Sofia K. , Markó Lajos , Hellmig Nicole , Peters Jörg , Muller Dominik N. , Lifton Richard P. , Nottoli Timothy , Stölting Gabriel , Scholl Ute I. 
Published: April 2021

SignificancePrimary aldosteronism (increased production of the adrenal steroid hormone aldosterone) is the most common cause of secondary hypertension. We here generated a mouse model of familial hyperaldosteronism type IV with a heterozygous gain-of-function mutation in a calcium channel gene (Cacna1hM1560V/+).Cacna1hM1560V/+mice have about twofold elevated aldosterone:renin ratios (a screening parameter for primary aldosteronism) and elevated blood pressure, with an overall mild phenotype. Elevated adrenal aldosterone synthase expression inCacna1hM1560V/+mice is associated with increased intracellular calcium concentrations in glomerulosa cells. This model allows for the ex vivo analysis of calcium signaling in aldosterone-producing glomerulosa cells of the adrenal gland.Cacna1h−/−mice have normal aldosterone synthase expression, with implications for the evaluation of CACNA1H as a therapeutic target.
Optic atrophy–associated TMEM126A is an assembly factor for the ND4-module of mitochondrial complex I
Authors: Formosa Luke E. , Reljic Boris , Sharpe Alice J. , Hock Daniella H. , Muellner-Wong Linden , Stroud David A. , Ryan Michael T. 
Published: April 2021

Significance
Mitochondria are critical organelles that play a central role in energy conversion in cells. Mutations in genes encoding mitochondrial proteins can lead to disease. Here, we discover that the optic atrophy–associated mitochondrial disease gene TMEM126A plays a role in the assembly of the first enzyme of the respiratory chain, complex I. Critically, we show that TMEM126A interacts in a complex with newly synthesized ND4, a highly hydrophobic subunit of complex I that is encoded by mitochondrial DNA. Our findings expand the molecular machinery required to build complex I from its constituent subunits and elucidates the function of a gene mutated in mitochondrial disease.
A pocket-factor–triggered conformational switch in the hepatitis B virus capsid
Authors: Lecoq Lauriane , Wang Shishan , Dujardin Marie , Zimmermann Peter , Schuster Leonard , Fogeron Marie-Laure , Briday Mathilde , Schledorn Maarten , Wiegand Thomas , Cole Laura , Montserret Roland , Bressanelli Stéphane , Meier Beat H. , Nassal Michael , Böckmann Anja 
Published: April 2021

Significance
Viral hepatitis causes more deaths than tuberculosis and HIV-1 infection. Most cases are due to chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV), which afflicts >250 million people. Current therapies are rarely curative, and new approaches are needed. Here, we report the discovery (by nuclear magnetic resonance) of a small molecule binder in the hydrophobic pocket in the HBV capsid. This structural element is, in an unknown manner, central in capsid envelopment. Binding of the pocket factor induces a distinct, stable conformation in the capsid, as expected for a signaling switch. This brings not only a new molecular view on the mechanism underlying capsid envelopment, but it also opens a rationale for its inhibition.
Caveolar peroxynitrite formation impairs endothelial TRPV4 channels and elevates pulmonary arterial pressure in pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Daneva Zdravka , Marziano Corina , Ottolini Matteo , Chen Yen-Lin , Baker Thomas M. , Kuppusamy Maniselvan , Zhang Aimee , Ta Huy Q. , Reagan Claire E. , Mihalek Andrew D. , Kasetti Ramesh B. , Shen Yuanjun , Isakson Brant E. , Minshall Richard D. , Zode Gulab S. , Goncharova Elena A. , Laubach Victor E. , Sonkusare Swapnil K. 
Published: April 2021

SignificancePulmonary hypertension (PH) is a serious disorder with a mortality rate of 40% over 5 y after diagnosis. Endothelial dysfunction is a major contributor to increased pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) in PH. Here, we provide evidence that endothelial cell caveolin-1–TRPV4 channel signaling lowers resting PAP. Moreover, an impairment of endothelial caveolin-1–TRPV4 channel signaling elevates PAP in PH. In PH, there is an up-regulation of NOX1 and iNOS enzymes in endothelial cells, which increases peroxynitrite levels. Peroxynitrite, in turn, targets endothelial caveolin-1 and lowers endothelial caveolin-1–TRPV4 channel signaling. Finally, decreasing peroxynitrite levels rescues endothelial caveolin-1–TRPV4 channel signaling and lowers PAP in PH.