bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of a mycobacterial phage assay to detect viable Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis with standard diagnostic modalities in cattle with naturally infected Johne disease
Authors: Greenstein Robert J. , Su Liya , Grant Irene R. , Foddai Antonio C. G. , Turner Amy , Nagati Jason S. , Brown Sheldon T. , Stabel Judith R. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP), the cause of Johne disease, is a slow growing mycobacterium. Viable MAP detection is difficult, inconstant and time-consuming. The purpose of this study was to compare a rapid phage/qPCR assay performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with three standard methods of MAP detection: fecal MAP PCR; plasma antigen-specific IFN-γ & serum MAP ELISA hypothesizing that, if sensitive and specific, Johne animals would be positive and Control animals negative. We studied a well characterized herd of Holstein cattle that were naturally infected with MAP and their Controls.

Results
With phage/qPCR 72% (23/32) of Johne and 35% (6/17) of Controls were MAP positive. With fecal PCR 75% (24/32) of Johne and 0% (0/17) of Controls were MAP positive. With plasma antigen-specific IFN-γ 69% (22/32) of Johne and 12% (2/17) of Controls were MAP positive. With serum MAP ELISA, 31% (10/32) of Johne and 0% (0/17) of Controls were MAP positive. When phage / qPCR and fecal PCR results were combined, 100% (32/32) Johne and 35% (6/17) of Control animals were MAP positive. Younger Control animals (1–3 years) had significantly fewer plaques (25 ± 17 SEM) than older Controls (4–12 years) (309 ± 134 p = 0.04). The same trend was not observed in the Johne animals (p = 0.19).

Conclusions
In contrast to our hypothesis, using the phage/qPCR assay we find that viable circulating MAP can rapidly be detected from the blood of animals infected with, as well as those in the Control group evidently colonized by MAP. These data indicate that the presence of viable MAP in blood does not necessarily signify that an animal must of necessity be demonstrably ill or be MAP positive by standard diagnostic methods.
Association of 45-bp ins/del polymorphism of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) and susceptibility to nonalcoholic fatty liver and type 2 diabetes mellitus in North-west of Iran
Authors: rezapour Saleheh , khosroshahi Shiva Ahdi , Farajnia Hadi , Mohseni Fatemeh , Khoshbaten Manouchehr , Farajnia Safar 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objective
Uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) plays a crucial role in energy homeostasis via insulin secretion regulation, free fatty acid concentrations, and lipid metabolism. This study aimed to investigate the association of 45-bp ins/del polymorphism of UCP2 with susceptibility to NAFLD (Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease) and T2DM (Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus). DNA was extracted from the white blood cells of the subjects, and the gene polymorphism was determined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In this study, 72 patients with NAFLD, 71 healthy individuals as control, 80 patients with T2DM, and 77 healthy controls were enrolled in the study.

Results
A higher prevalence of insertion/insertion genotype was observed in T2DM patients compared to the controls (p- value˂ 0.05). There was no difference in genotype distribution between NAFLD patients and controls (p-value > 0.05). NAFLD patients with D/D, D/I genotype had higher triglyceride, ALT, and AST levels; however, their HDL levels were lower than healthy controls. Patients with T2DM with D/D or D/I genotype also had significantly higher fasting serum glucose (FSG). While we found an association between the 45 bp I/D polymorphism in 3ʹUTR of UCP2 and T2DM, no correlation between this polymorphism and NAFLD was identified.
Cardiac organoid — a promising perspective of preclinical model
Authors: Zhao Dandan , Lei Wei , Hu Shijun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHuman cardiac organoids (hCOs), three-dimensional (3D) cellular constructs similar to in vivo organ, are new-generation models. To a large extent, a hCO retains the biological characteristics and functions of cells in vivo more accurately than previous models. With the continuous development of biotechnology, the hCO model is becoming increasingly complex and mature. High-fidelity hCOs help us better explore the mysteries of human physiology and integrate phenotypes with living functions into models. Here, we discuss recent advances in the methods of constructing human cardiac organoids and introduce applications of hCOs, especially in modeling cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction, heart failure, genetic cardiac diseases, and arrhythmia. In addition, we propose the prospects for and the limitations of hCOs. In conclusion, a greater understanding of hCOs will provide ways to improve hCO construction and make these models useful for future preclinical studies.
Knowledge of prostate cancer presentation, etiology, and screening practices among women: a mixed-methods systematic review
Authors: Wiafe Ebenezer , Mensah Kofi Boamah , Mensah Adwoa Bemah Boamah , Bangalee Varsha , Oosthuizen Frasia 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
With the burden of prostate cancer, it has become imperative to exploit cost-effective ways to tackle this menace. Women have demonstrated their ability to recognize early cancer signs, and it is, therefore, relevant to include women in strategies to improve the early detection of prostate cancer. This systematic review seeks to gather evidence from studies that investigated women’s knowledge about (1) the signs and symptoms, (2) causes and risk factors, and (3) the screening modalities of prostate cancer. Findings from the review will better position women in the fight against the late detection of prostate cancer.

Methods
The convergent segregated approach to the conduct of mixed-methods systematic reviews was employed. Five databases, namely, MEDLINE (EBSCOhost), CINAHL (EBSCOhost), PsycINFO (EBSCOhost), Web of Science, and EMBASE (Ovid), were searched from January 1999 to December 2019 for studies conducted with a focus on the knowledge of women on the signs and symptoms, the causes and risk factors, and the screening modalities of prostate cancer.

Results
Of 2201 titles and abstracts screened, 22 full-text papers were retrieved and reviewed, and 7 were included: 3 quantitative, 1 qualitative, and 3 mixed-methods studies. Both quantitative and qualitative findings indicate that women have moderate knowledge of the signs and symptoms and the causes and risk factors of prostate cancer. However, women recorded poor knowledge about prostate cancer screening modalities or tools.

Conclusions
Moderate knowledge of women on the signs and symptoms and the causes and risk factors of prostate cancer was associated with education. These findings provide vital information for the prevention and control of prostate cancer and encourage policy-makers to incorporate health promotion and awareness campaigns in health policies to improve knowledge and awareness of prostate cancer globally.

Systematic review registration
Open Science Framework (OSF) registration DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/BR456
Evaluation of the effect of apixaban using a viscoelastic coagulation assay with Russell’s viper venom reagent
Authors: Suzuki Kaoru , Katori Nobuyuki , Kimura Yoshihiro , Terui Takako , Sunaga Hiroshi , Kobayashi Shunsuke , Uezono Shoichi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Conventional coagulation tests, such as prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time, are not sensitive to anticoagulation by apixaban. We evaluated the antithrombotic effect of apixaban using a Russell viper venom (RVV) test for a patient who underwent posterior spine fusion surgery.

Case presentation
An 84-year-old man was scheduled for percutaneous posterior spine fusion. He continued apixaban until the night before surgery and resumed it on the first day after surgery. We performed an RVV test as point-of-care coagulation monitoring in combination with chromogenic anti-activated factor X (anti-Xa) activity, prothrombin time, and activated partial thromboplastin time. Clotting time with the RVV test was prolonged according to the anti-Xa activity of apixaban, which was in the therapeutic range during surgery.

Conclusions
An RVV test might be useful as a point-of-care assay for estimation of the anti-Xa level induced by apixaban during the perioperative period.
The Predation Game: Does dividing attention affect patterns of human foraging?
Authors: Thornton Ian M. , Tagu Jérôme , Zdravković Sunčica , Kristjánsson Árni 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAttention is known to play an important role in shaping the behaviour of both human and animal foragers. Here, in three experiments, we built on previous interactive tasks to create an online foraging game for studying divided attention in human participants exposed to the (simulated) risk of predation. Participants used a “sheep” icon to collect items from different target categories randomly distributed across the display. Each trial also contained “wolf” objects, whose movement was inspired by classic studies of multiple object tracking. When participants needed to physically avoid the wolves, foraging patterns changed, with an increased tendency to switch between target categories and a decreased ability to prioritise high reward targets, relative to participants who could safely ignore them. However, when the wolves became dangerous by periodically changing form (briefly having big eyes) instead of by approaching the sheep, foraging patterns were unaffected. Spatial disruption caused by the need to rapidly shift position—rather the cost of reallocating attention—therefore appears to influence foraging in this context. These results thus confirm that participants can efficiently alternate between target selection and tracking moving objects, replicating earlier single-target search findings. Future studies may need to increase the perceived risk or potential costs associated with simulated danger, in order to elicit the extended run behaviour predicted by animal models of foraging, but absent in the current data.
Comparison of murine retroorbital plexus and facial vein blood collection to mitigate animal ethics issues
Authors: Jo Eun Jung , Bae Eunjin , Yoon Jeong-Hwan , Kim Ji Yeon , Han Jin Soo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Blood collection is an important procedure used in animal experiments. Blood collection methods that reduce pain, injury, and stress in experimental animals are important with regard to animal ethics. Various comparative studies of blood collection methods have been reported; however, there are no comparative studies on serial blood collection considering animal ethics. To suggest simple methods that minimize pain during serial blood collection, we compared the retroorbital plexus (RP) and facial vein (FV) blood collection methods performed by both experienced and novice groups. The experienced and novice groups collected up to 0.4 mL of blood via the RP and FV methods every second day for 2 weeks. After blood collection, all mice were evaluated by corticosterone concentrations for stress, hematological, immunological, and histological analyses.

Results
We found that the FV methods reduced the collection time, pain, distress, tissue damage and lasting harms without anesthesia. Corticosterone concentrations in the peripheral blood were decreased in mice subjected FV methods compare with those subjected to RP methods. The proportion of granulocytes and monocytes, such as macrophages in the peripheral blood and spleen, was decreased in mice subjected to FV methods compared with that in mice subjected to RP methods in both experienced and novice groups. White blood cells were infiltrated in RP areas with severe tissue damage and inflammation.

Conclusions
With respect to animal ethics, we suggest that the FV method, a simple and fast technique that can easily be performed by both experienced and novice researchers, is suitable for serial blood collection.
Cable force estimation of cables with small sag considering inclination angle effect
Authors: He Wen-Yu , Meng Fan-Cheng , Ren Wei-Xin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCable force estimation is essential for security assessment of cable-stayed bridges. Cable force estimation methods based on the relationship between cable force and frequency have been extensively studied and used during both construction phase and service phase. However, the effect induced by inclination angle of the cable is not included in the establishment of frequency-cable force relationship as horizontal cable model is normally employed. This study aims to investigate the influence of the inclination angle on vibration based cable force estimation and provide practical formulas accordingly. Firstly numerical examples of fixed-fixed and hinged-hinged cables are simulated to illustrate the necessity of considering the inclination angle effect on the modal parameters and cable force estimation for inclined cables with small sag. Then practical formulas considering the inclination angle effect to estimate the cable force of fixed-fixed and hinged-hinged cables via the fundamental frequency are established accordingly. For the inclined cables with unknown boundary conditions, the coefficients reflecting boundary condition are predicted via the practical formulas for fixed-fixed and hinged-hinged cables. And the cable force considering the influence of inclination angle and unknown boundary conditions is obtained by iteration method. Finally, numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Victimisation of individuals with serious mental illness living in sheltered housing: differential impact of risk factors related to clinical and demographic characteristics
Authors: Zarchev Milan , Mulder Cornelis L. , Henrichs Jens , Roeg Diana P. K. , Bogaerts Stefan , van Weeghel Jaap , Kamperman Astrid M. 
Published: May 2021

Background
Sheltered housing is associated with quality-of-life improvements for individuals with serious mental illness (SMI). However, there are equivocal findings around safety outcomes related to this type of living condition.

Aims
We aimed to investigate raw differences in prevalence and incidence of crime victimisation in sheltered housing compared with living alone or with family; and to identify groups at high risk for victimisation, using demographic and clinical factors. We do so by reporting estimated victimisation incidents for each risk group.

Method
A large, community-based, cross-sectional survey of 956 people with SMI completed the Dutch Crime and Victimisation Survey. Data was collected on victimisation prevalence and number of incidents in the past year.

Results
Victimisation prevalence was highest among residents in sheltered housing (50.8%) compared with persons living alone (43%) or with family (37.8%). We found that sheltered housing was associated with increased raw victimisation incidence (incidence rate ratio: 2.80, 95% CI 2.36–3.34 compared with living with family; 1.87, 95% CI 1.59–2.20 compared with living alone). Incidence was especially high for some high-risk groups, including men, people with comorbid post-traumatic stress disorder and those with high levels of education. However, women reported less victimisation in sheltered housing than living alone or with family, if they also reported drug or alcohol use.

Conclusions
The high prevalence and incidence of victimisation among residents in sheltered housing highlights the need for more awareness and surveillance of victimisation in this population group, to better facilitate a recovery-enabling environment for residents with SMI.
Novel Gene Mutations Regulating Immune Responses in Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome With an Atypical Course
Authors: Yukina Marina , Erofeeva Taisia , Nuralieva Nurana , Andreeva Tatiana , Savvateeva Elena , Dudko Natalia , Troshina Ekaterina , Rogaev Evgeny , Melnichenko Galina 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Context
Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome (APS) is a cluster of endocrine disorders arising from immune dysregulation, often combined with damage to nonendocrine organs. There are 2 types of APS: type 1 and type 2 (APS-1 and APS-2, respectively). In clinical practice, an atypical course of APS is often observed.

Objective
This work aims to find a novel genetic predictor of APS.

Methods
We performed exome sequencing in 2 patients with an atypical clinical APS picture and members of their families. Patient A presented with a manifestation of APS-2 in early childhood and patient B with a late manifestation of the main components of APS-1.

Results
In patient B, we identified inherited compound mutations as a novel combination of the c.769C &gt; T and c.821delG alleles of AIRE and genetic variation in the CIITA gene. No homozygous or compound mutations in AIRE were found in patient A, but we did reveal mutations in genes encoding regulatory proteins of innate and acquired immunity in this patient.

Conclusion
Our data revealed novel combination of mutations in the AIRE gene in atypical APS and imply that mutations in immune-related genes may modify the clinical manifestation of APS in AIRE-mutation carriers and contribute to the development of autoimmune pathology in non-AIRE carriers with atypical APS.
Extended detail contrasts for TO.10 use on flat panel detector fluoroscopy systems
Authors: McCarthy Dean , Kenny Patrick 
Published: May 2021

Objectives:
Leeds Test Object Ten (TO.10) is routinely used to subjectively estimate Threshold Contrast Detail Detectability (TCDD) as a measure of image quality in fluoroscopy. However, manufacturer guidance provides calibrated contrasts for only limited peak voltage and copper filtration thickness combinations. Prescribed testing conditions are often difficult to attain as modern flat panel fluoroscopic systems independently determine voltage and copper filtration thickness settings. This work aims to extend the range of TO.10 contrasts available for routine testing at peak voltage and copper thickness settings likely to be encountered.

Methods:
Two methods are described for generalising the calculation of target contrasts: a three-dimensional interpolation/extrapolation model in MATLAB®, and a multivariate log-polynomial function. Both methods utilise the available calibrated contrasts to estimate contrasts at voltage and copper thickness combinations routinely encountered.

Results:
Results are presented as Threshold Detection Index (HTA) curves fit by a second-order polynomial of log HTA to log A . Results are found to be more accurate at unprescribed conditions while also reproducible for relatively consistent input air kerma rate (IAKR) expected from automatic dose rate controls (ADRC).

Conclusions:
The calculation of TO.10 contrasts at non-standard conditions aids in the determination of an absolute estimate of image quality in fluoroscopy with greater accuracy, reproducibility and efficiency.

Advances in knowledge:
TO.10 detail contrasts for TCDD testing of fluoroscopy units have been significantly extended beyond those previously available. The described methods will aid the clinical physicist in absolute assessments of fluoroscopic image quality and facilitate inter system comparisons.
Factors related to loss of appetite in postoperative cardiac surgery patients: A systematic review
Authors: Prasankok Channarong , Banharak Samoraphop 
Published: May 2021

Background: Postoperative cardiac surgery patients often experience appetite loss. Although nutritional status is known to be associated with time of recovery, functional status, and length of stay, less is known about factors related to patient’s loss of appetite after cardiac surgery. This review aimed to identify and understand factors related to loss of appetite in postoperative cardiac surgery patients, systematic review with narrative summary design was applied. Data sources including CINAHL, SCOPUS, PubMed, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, ThaiLIS, ThaiJo, and E-Thesis were searched without restriction on publication year through August 2020. Methods: We conducted the review following the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology, using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) checklist to categorize methodological quality and the PRISMA flow diagram to record the studies’ factors. Results: Six studies reported one or more of 16 factors related to loss of appetite: older age, sex (female), illiteracy, history of chronic disease, not knowing someone in health field, pain score ≥ 7, pain medications containing codeine, constipation, depression, heart-lung machine ≥ 120 minutes, preoperative serum creatinine levels ≥ 179 µmol/L, emergency surgery, perfusion pressure ≤ 40 mmHg, low cardiac output syndrome, mechanical ventilation ≥ 96 hours, and a New York Heart Association class III and IV. Conclusion: The small number of publications restrict our conclusions. Future research should focus on multiple factors related to appetite loss in postoperative cardiac surgery patients. Additional research will provide a foundation for evidence-based interventions to reduce appetite loss and improve patient nutritional status after cardiac surgery. Nurses and other health professionals should assess postoperative cardiac surgery patients for the presence of the 16 significant factors. To promote patients’ nutritional status, there should be evidence-based practice guidelines on the management of postoperative symptoms such as pain management, treatment of constipation, and reduction of emotional stress and depression.
Sustainable Development and Landscape Protection in Low-Income Urban Coastal Areas: Empowerment Through Sovereignty and Deliberative Participation
Authors: Meilasari-Sugiana Astrid , Madonna Sandra , Putri Dianingtyas , Solikhah Solikhah 
Published: May 2021

Background: The Government of Indonesia is currently implementing its Coastal Community Economic Empowerment Program or Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Masyarakat Pesisir (PEMP) to numerous coastal communities in the island of Java, Sumatra, Sulawesi, Kalimantan and Nusa Tenggara. The program is geared to empower local coastal communities through its integrated, holistic vision, its local-based, participatory method, and its public-partnership approach. Locality is important since the program aims to induce local initiatives and retain social and economic progress within the area, taking into account its ecological carrying capacity. Method: The research is a qualitative inquiry using ethnomethodological tools and purposive, snowball sampling. The research was conducted in 2015-2016 in Cilacap, Central Java. Data analysis was conducted through tabulation, categorization, comparison, conceptualization and theorization. Results: Issues beset the government’s PEMP program, including its utilitarian framework to coastal resource governance, its adverse incorporation of small fishermen into the fishing industries, and its unsustainable public-private partnership to promote entrepreneurial growth. Attempts to resolve those issues include ensuring that funding for the PEMP program is incorporated within the yearly provincial and regency budgets and regulations, instilling consensus building over the program’s direction and activities with local communities and the private sector through the Provincial and Regency Level People’s Representative Council, and brokering with local communities and the private sector to achieve workable common ground should conflicts arise. Conclusion: Establishing sound intervention policies and programs require securing flexibility and adaptive management capacity through negotiations and brokering.