bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased Costs and Complication Rates in Vestibular Schwannoma Resections for Neurofibromatosis Type 2
Authors: Fujiwara Rance J.T. , Shi Julia J. , Tan Donald , Sakano Hitomi , Kutz Joe Walter 
Published: February 2025

Objective
To characterize inpatient costs and complication rates in sporadic and neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) patients undergoing resection of vestibular schwannoma (VS).

Design
Cross-sectional analysis.

Setting
National Inpatient Sample, 1998–2021.

Participants
A total of 52,623 inpatient admissions after VS resection.

Interventions
Resection of VS.

Main Outcome(s) and Measure(s)
Patient- and hospital-level demographics of admissions following resection of VS, as well as the frequency of postoperative medical and surgical complications, were tabulated. We evaluated the average cost of admission and compared these outcomes between sporadic and NF2 patients. Multivariate analysis was performed to determine whether NF2 admissions had increased costs and lengths of stay.

Results
A total of 51,459 and 1,164 resections were recorded for sporadic and NF2 patients, respectively. Patients with NF2 were younger (mean age 35.3 vs. 51.1 years) and more likely insured by Medicaid (12.8% vs. 5.4%). The average cost for NF2 admissions was $49,141 (95% CI, 42,527–55,754), relative to sporadic tumors at $38,204 (95% CI, 36,408–40,000). NF2 patients had increased rates of surgical complications, including facial nerve dysfunction (31.7% vs. 17.3%), dysphagia (8.8% vs. 2.8%), aspiration pneumonia (3.4% vs. 0.6%), and sepsis (1.8% vs. 0.4%), which were associated with increased hospital costs. NF2 was not independently associated with increased inpatient hospital costs after controlling for patient factors and complications ($3,977 [95% CI, −$111 to 8,066], p = 0.06).

Conclusions
Relative to sporadic VS admissions, resections in NF2 patients are associated with significantly increased hospital costs, primarily due to increased rates of postoperative surgical, central nervous system–related, and medical complications.
Preventing Cisplatin-Induced Hearing Loss in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Briggs Erin E. , Kallenberger Ethan M. , Nguyen Shaun A. , Dixon Peter R. , Drawdy Allyson V. , Kejner Alexandra E. , Kaczmar John M. , Newman Jason G. , Albergotti W. Greer 
Published: February 2025

Objective
Ototoxicity is a known side effect of cisplatin chemotherapy. The efficacy of various medications used to prevent or reduce ototoxicity in adults receiving cisplatin has not been thoroughly described in the literature.

Data Sources
CINAHL, Cochrane Library, PubMed, and SCOPUS.

Review Methods
Literature was searched between 1990 and 2024. Studies evaluating interventions to prevent hearing loss in adults receiving cisplatin were included. Audiometric data including pure tone threshold, pure tone average, and incidence of hearing loss were extracted from included studies.

Results
Eight studies (N = 431 total patients) pertaining to cisplatin-induced hearing loss in adults were included. Of these studies, six were randomized control trials (N = 372 patients) and two were prospective cohort studies (N = 59 patients). The cytoprotective treatments included diethyldithiocarbamate (intravenously), dexamethasone (intratympanic), N-acetylcysteine (intratympanic), sodium thiosulfate (intravenously), calcium gluconate (intravenously), and aspirin (PO). The treatment group had an incidence in overall hearing loss of 63.3% compared to the 66.2% incidence in the control group ([95% CI, −6.2 to 11.9] p = 0.53). Patients treated with dexamethasone had lower degrees of hearing loss compared to those treated with N-acetylcysteine. However, neither of these interventions were superior to the control group.

Conclusions
These results show no difference in reducing the incidence nor severity of hearing loss between the treatment and control groups. Standardization of evaluated frequencies and ototoxicity grading scales will improve investigators’ ability to compare various treatments. Unfortunately, the power of this study is limited by the sample size.
Emerging agents targeting triglycerides
Authors: Prakash Yash , Bhatt Deepak L. , Malick Waqas A. 
Published: February 2025

Purpose of review
Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG), which arises from defects in triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRL) metabolism, is associated with increased morbidity and mortality from pancreatitis and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Traditional therapies, including fibrates and omega-3 fatty acids, have shown limited efficacy in controlling triglyceride (TG) levels and cardiovascular risk. This review explores the role of emerging therapies that target TG and TRL metabolism via novel biochemical pathways.

Recent findings
Apolipoprotein C-III inhibitors appear most effective for patients with variants of severe HTG, particularly multifactorial and familial chylomicronemia syndromes, by enhancing TRL metabolism through both lipoprotein lipase-dependent and independent mechanisms. Angiopoeitin-like proteins 3 and 4 inhibitors appear most useful for mixed hyperlipidemia, with favorable effects across the entire spectrum of apoB-containing atherogenic lipoproteins. For patients with HTG and concomitant complications of insulin resistance, including metabolic associated steatotic liver disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus, fibroblast growth factor-21 analogs may provide significant benefit.

Summary
HTG is a diverse condition. Apolipoprotein C-III inhibitors, angiopoeitin-like proteins 3 and 4 inhibitors, and fibroblast growth factor-21 analogs represent significant advancements in the treatment of HTG, offering new hope for effectively managing this condition across its full spectrum of disease.
Redefining prostate cancer care: innovations and future directions in active surveillance
Authors: Koett Magdalena , Melchior Felix , Artamonova Nastasiia , Bektic Jasmin , Heidegger Isabel 
Published: February 2025

Purpose of review
This review provides a critical analysis of recent advancements in active surveillance (AS), emphasizing updates from major international guidelines and their implications for clinical practice.

Recent findings
Recent revisions to international guidelines have broadened the eligibility criteria for AS to include selected patients with ISUP grade group 2 prostate cancer. This adjustment acknowledges that certain intermediate-risk cancers may be appropriate for AS, reflecting a heightened focus on achieving a balance between oncologic control and maintaining quality of life by minimizing the risk of overtreatment.

Summary
This review explores key innovations in AS for prostate cancer, including multi parametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI), genomic biomarkers, and risk calculators, which enhance patient selection and monitoring. While promising, their routine use remains debated due to guideline inconsistencies, cost, and accessibility. Special focus is given to biomarkers for identifying ISUP grade group 2 cancers suitable for AS. Additionally, the potential of artificial intelligence to improve diagnostic accuracy and risk stratification is examined. By integrating these advancements, this review provides a critical perspective on optimizing AS for more personalized and effective prostate cancer management.
The stroke seesaw: unveiling the enigma of stuttering acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Ekpendu Abuoma C. , Prakash Puneet , Brands Chad K. 
Published: February 2025

Introduction:
Beyond the familiar face of the acute ischemic stroke, lies the unexpected display of symptoms challenging our preconceptions and beckoning us to explore the intriguing nuances that lie beneath the surface.

Presentation of case:
We introduce an unusual case of an older adult who presented to our institution with repetitive focal neurologic deficits (FND). Initial investigation was negative for any brain hemorrhage or infarcts. Repeat investigation during readmission showed findings of brain infarct for which appropriate treatment was provided. The fluctuating pattern of FND is what we refer to as a stuttering presentation of stroke.

Discussion:
Our case brings attention to stuttering, an atypical presentation of ischemic stroke, not previously well described in medical literature. Our case demonstrates that stuttering stroke presentations may imitate more short-lived neurologic events such as transient ischemic attacks.

Conclusion:
All the patient events throughout the entirety of their time course should be thoroughly reviewed so that thrombolytics can then be considered in the earliest window of opportunity for patients with stuttering stroke presentations to prevent disability due to ischemic stroke.
Assessing the Effects of Yoga on Cognition and Immune Function in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Visovatti Moira A. , Jung Mi Sook , Von Ah Diane 
Published: February 2025

Background
Cancer-related cognitive impairment can interfere with daily functioning and negatively affect quality of life. To date, there are no validated treatments. Yoga may be a promising intervention that combines physical activity and meditation to improve cognition.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of a randomized controlled trial with yoga, physical activity, and waitlist control arms in colorectal cancer survivors, determine effect sizes, and explore differences among groups.

Methods
Interventions included 2 weekly 90-minute sessions over 12 weeks. Participants were assessed before, after, and 3 months after completion of the intervention. Measures included feasibility and acceptability, attention (Attentional Function Index, Attention Network Test, Digit Span, Digit Substitution Test, Trail Making Test), and circulating immune markers (interleukin [IL] 1β, tumor necrosis factor α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12p70, IL-1 receptor antagonist, tumor necrosis factor receptor II, C-reactive protein, and neopterin). Data analyses included descriptive statistics, comparative analyses, Cohen d statistics, and reliable improvement percentages.

Results
Enrollment, retention, and intervention fidelity rates were 39%, 74%, and >75%, respectively. Exploratory analyses showed the yoga group improved performance in alertness at 3 months postintervention at time 3, with 60% of the group demonstrating reliable improvement, and improved cognitive control at time 3, with 30% of the group demonstrating reliable improvement (P < .05).

Conclusion
Findings suggest that this randomized controlled trial study is feasible, and yoga may have a positive benefit on cognition.

Implication for Practice
Yoga is a possible intervention, but to optimize function in colorectal cancer survivors, further validation is needed.
Roles, Training, and Qualifications of Case Managers at Community Integrated Service Centers in Taiwan
Authors: Kuo Ya-Wen , Hou Wen-Li , Lee Jiann-Der , Chen Ching-Min 
Published: February 2025

Purpose of Study:
This study explored the roles, training, and qualifications of case managers in level A of Taiwan’s long-term care (LTC) system, established within the Ten-Year LTC Plan 2.0, to identify their challenges and provide recommendations for enhancing their performance.

Primary Practice Setting:
This study focuses on community integrated service centers in Taiwan, which serve as key hubs for delivering LTC services to Taiwan’s aging population.

Methodology and Sample:
A narrative review approach was implemented, with an extensive analysis of the literature in terms of the functions and training requirements of and the professional challenges faced by case managers in the LTC sector. This review included articles published between 2016 and 2024 in both English and Chinese.

Results:
Case managers play a key role in linking LTC resources and coordinating care for older clients. However, they often face major challenges, including a high caseload, inadequate training opportunities, and a desire to quit, which adversely affect service quality and outcomes.
Predictors of Adherence to a COVID-19 Serial Testing Program Among University Affiliates in the Deep South
Authors: Ratnayake Aneeka , Hassig Susan , He Hua , Lederer Alyssa , Kissinger Patricia J. 
Published: February 2025

Objective:
Serial testing programs were used at many US universities during the earlier stages of the COVID-19 pandemic to minimize the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission among affiliates, though the effectiveness of such programs was contingent on adherence. In this study, researchers sought to determine factors associated with testing adherence.

Design:
Cross-sectional analyses were done in Spring and Fall of 2021.

Setting:
This study took place at a medium size, private university in the Deep South.

Participants:
Participants included university affiliates, including faculty/staff and students.

Main Outcome Measures:
Adherence to a mandated but unenforced serial testing program was assessed. All variables were ascertained through university records. Logistic regression models were used to determine factors associated with testing during both semesters.

Results:
In the Spring 2021 semester, staff and faculty had 23% greater odds of being tested compared to students. Paradoxically, the odds of adherence to testing decreased by 4% per year of age. In the Fall 2021 semester, the odds of being tested was 82% greater for staff and faculty compared to students and 27% higher for those who had a previous positive test compared to those who did not. Men had a 13% lower odds of testing than women. In both semesters, those who were unvaccinated had a significantly lower odds of testing compared to those who were vaccinated (86% and 92%, respectively), P < .001.

Conclusions:
Testing adherence was associated with vaccination status, suggesting that offering serial testing for those who are not vaccinated may not be an effective strategy in mitigating infection, in the absence of any enforcement. Additional factors such as age, sex, and affiliation status and testing adherence changed over the course of the pandemic suggesting the complexity of testing behaviors.
Development of a Survival Predictive Model After Pediatric Liver Transplantation: A Single-center Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Liu Yuan , Pan Qi , Wang Bingran , Zhou Aiwei , Zhou Tao , Liu Yongbo , Luo Yi , Xia Qiang 
Published: February 2025

Background.
Current prognostic models for liver transplantation (LT) recipients are not applicable for long-term survival prediction, especially for pediatric living donor LT recipients. In this retrospective prognostic study, we aimed to develop and validate a survival predictive model for pediatric LT recipients, the Survival Predictive Model After Pediatric Liver Transplantation (SPPLT) model.

Methods.
A total of 2964 pediatric recipients from Renji Hospital were enrolled and randomly assigned to the training and validation cohort by a ratio of 1:1. Logistic analysis was performed to identify risk factors for posttransplant mortality and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox regression was used to establish the SPPLT model.

Results.
Univariate analysis identified 19 risk factors that were associated with post-LT mortality, including graft-recipient compatibility, pre-LT hepatorenal function, blood loss and transfusion during the operation, post-LT infection and surgical complications. Using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator multivariable Cox regression, we established the prognostic SPPLT model which included 7 clinical easily approached factors (pre-LT creatinine level, blood loss during operation, days of intensive care unit and hospital stay after transplantation, sputum culture positivity, post-LT abdominal hemorrhage, and intestinal perforation). The accuracy of predicting 1-, 3-, and 5-y post-LT survival rates in the training and validation cohort reached 0.802, 0.828, 0.811, and 0.803, 0.784, 0.778, respectively. Furthermore, the SPPLT model efficiently stratified all pediatric LT recipients into high-risk and low-risk groups, which were associated with totally different long-term outcomes (hazard ratio = 0.27, 95% confidence interval (0.120–0.620), P < 0.01).

Conclusions.
SPPLT is the first prognostic model to accurately predict long-term survival rate after pediatric LT. Recipients with high mortality risk should receive intense monitoring after transplantation.
Subclinical Epileptiform Discharge in Patients With Alzheimer Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Yeh Wei-Chih , Yang Yuan-Han , Li Ying-Sheng , Hsu Chung-Yao 
Published: February 2025

Purpose:
Patients with Alzheimer's dementia (AD) who do not have a history of epilepsy have a higher frequency of subclinical epileptiform discharge (SED) than healthy individuals. This meta-analysis aims to investigate the frequency of SED in patients with AD using different EEG protocols and to compare SED rates between early- and late-onset AD.

Methods:
This study adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis guidelines. We searched various databases until January 2024 for studies reporting the frequency of SED in patients with AD who did not have a history of epilepsy. A meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effects model.

Results:
Thirteen studies involving 1,373 patients with AD were analyzed. The patients had a mean age of 71.2 years, and 59.3% were women. The pooled SED rate was found to be 18.3%. The SED rate was higher with extended EEG protocols (26.7%) than with routine EEG protocols (12.1%). It was also observed that patients with early-onset AD had higher SED rates with routine EEG protocols (14.4%) and extended EEG protocols (43.9%) than those with late-onset AD (10.5 and 21.3%, respectively). Furthermore, patients with AD had a 3.55 relative risk (P < 0.001) of SED compared with healthy controls. Specifically, patients with early-onset AD showed a significantly higher risk of developing SED than those with late-onset AD (relative risk, 4.48; P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
Subclinical epileptiform discharge frequency was high in patients with AD, particularly in those with early onset AD.
Patient-Specific Pharmacogenomics unveils xCT as a Key Regulator for Druggable Metabolic and Proliferation Pathways in Colon Cancer
Authors: Strecker Marco , Zohar Keren , Böttcher Martin , Wartmann Thomas , Freudenstein Henry , Doelling Maximilian , Andric Mihailo , Shi Wenjie , Kakhlon Or , Hippe Katrin , Jahnke Beatrix , Mougiakakos Dimitrios , Baenke Franziska , Stange Daniel , Croner Roland S , Linial Michal , Kahlert Ulf D 
Published: February 2025

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) represents the third-leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Knowledge covering diverse cellular and molecular data from individual patients has become valuable for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment selection. Here, we present an in-depth comparative mRNA-seq and microRNA-seq analysis of tissue samples from 32 CRC, pairing tumors with adjacent healthy tissues. The differential expression gene (DEG) analysis revealed an interconnection between nutrients, metabolic programs, and cell cycle pathways. We focused on the impact of overexpressed SLC7A11 (xCT) and SLC3A2 genes which compose the cystine/glutamate transporter (Xc-) system. To assess the oncogenic potency of the Xc-system in a cellular setting, we applied a knowledge-based approach for analyzing gene perturbations from CRISPR screens across various cell types as well as using a variety of functional assays in five primary patient-derived organoid cell models to functionally verify our hypothesis. We identified a previously undescribed cell surface protein signature predicting chemotherapy resistance and further highlighted the causality and potential of pharmacological blockage of ferroptosis as promising avenue for cancer therapy. Biological processes such as redox homeostasis, ion/amino acid transporters and de novo nucleotide synthesis were associated with these co-dependent genes in patient specimens. This study highlighted a number of overlooked genes as potential clinical targets for CRC and promotes stem cell-based, patient-individualin vitromodel systems as a versatile partner platform to functionally validate in silico predictions, with focus on SLC7A11 and its associated genes in tumorigenesis.
DynamoSort: Using machine learning approaches for the automatic classification of seizure dynamotypes
Authors: Wooley Josh , Zachery-Savella Ashley , Le Michelle , Scofield Sally , Jay Kishore , Mosse-Robinson Josh , West Peter J. , Wilcox Karen S. , Anderson Daria Nesterovich 
Published: February 2025

AbstractObjectiveEpilepsy is characterised by unprovoked and recurring seizures, which can be electrically measured using electroencephalograms (EEG). To better understand the underlying mechanisms of seizures, researchers are exploring their temporal dynamics through the lens of dynamical systems modelling. Seizure initiation and termination patterns of spiking amplitude and frequency can be sorted into “dynamotypes”, which may be able to serve as biomarkers for intervention. However, manual classification of these dynamotypes requires trained raters and is prone to variability. To address this, we developed DynamoSort, a machine-learning algorithm for automatic seizure onset and offset classification.MethodsWe used approximately 2100 seizures from an intra-amygdala kainic acid (IAK) mouse model of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy, categorized by five trained raters. MATLAB’s classification learner application was used to create an ensemble model to score and label dynamotypes of individual seizures based on spiking and frequency features.ResultsDynamotype classification of real EEG data lacks a definitive ground truth, with mean inter-rater agreement at 73.4% for onset and 64.2% for offset types. Despite this, DynamoSort achieved a mean area under the curve (AUC) of 0.81 for onset and a mean AUC of 0.75 for offset types. Machine-human agreement was not significantly different from human-to-human agreement. To address the lack of ground truth in ratings, DynamoSort assigns probabilistic scores (-20 to 20), to indicate similarity to each seizure dynamotype based on spiking features, allowing for a characterization of seizure dynamics on a spectrum rather than the traditional qualitative taxonomy.SignificanceAutomating the classification of dynamotypes is a critical step for their inclusion as a biomarker in clinical and research applications. DynamoSort is a straightforward, open-access tool that uses automatic labelling and probabilistic scoring to quantify subtle changes in seizure onset and offset dynamics.Key PointsDynamotypes are a promising seizure categorization system, but is prone to interrater variability and lacks a ground truth.Machine learning can be used to automatically classify seizure onsets and offsets into appropriate dynamotypes based on spike features.Agreement between DynamoSort and human raters rivals typical agreement rates in trained human raters.DynamoSort uses probabilistic scoring to quantify subtle changes in seizure onset and offset, allowing for a quantitative characterisation.