bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of Small‐Scale Monitoring and Modeling Strategies for Safe Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Yawen , Chen Peng , Wang Tianyi , Su Dawei , Wang Chengyin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) have the advantages of high energy density, stable working voltage, long cycling life, and no memory effect. They have been widely used as power sources for electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). However, during periods of usage or storage, some unfavorable factors such as thermal runaway, volumetric expansion, and growth of lithium dendrites can severely reduce the reliability and safety of LIBs. Therefore, an accurate health estimation system and a reliable life expectancy strategy toward LIBs have been proved significantly important. However, due to the large volume and high price, most characterization methods in the laboratory cannot be applied directly to commercial electric devices. Therefore, small portable monitor methods are more practical. In this review, we first systematically reviewed the recent progress of modeling methods towards LIBs. Some typical modeling strategies (e. g., thermal models, electrical models and aging models) and advanced sensors which can be imbedded in LIBs are emphatically introduced and compared. At last, some promising directions of development on portable in‐situ monitor strategies are also predicted and supposed.
Effectiveness of convolutional neural networks in the interpretation of pulmonary cytologic images in endobronchial ultrasound procedures
Authors: Lin Ching‐Kai , Chang Jerry , Huang Ching‐Chun , Wen Yueh‐Feng , Ho Chao‐Chi , Cheng Yun‐Chien 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundRapid on‐site cytologic evaluation (ROSE) helps to improve the diagnostic accuracy in endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) procedures. However, cytologists are seldom available to perform ROSE in many institutions. Recent studies have investigated the application of deep learning in cytologic image analysis. As such, the present study analyzed lung cytologic images obtained by EBUS procedures, and employed deep‐learning methods to distinguish between benign and malignant cells and to semantically segment malignant cells.MethodsNinety‐seven patients who underwent 104 EBUS procedures were enrolled. Four hundred and ninety‐nine lung cytologic images obtained via ROSE, including 425 malignant and 74 benign, and most malignant were lung adenocarcinoma (64.3%). All the images were used to train a residual network model with 101 layers (ResNet101), with suitable hyperparameters selected to classify benign and malignant lung cytologic images. An HRNet model was also employed to mark the area of malignant cells. Automatic patch‐cropping was adopted to facilitate dataset preparation.ResultsMalignant cells were successfully classified by ResNet101 with 98.8% classification accuracy, 98.8% sensitivity, and 98.8% specificity in patch‐based classification; 95.5% classification accuracy in image‐based classification; and 92.9% classification accuracy in patient‐based classification. Malignant cell area was successfully marked by HRNet with a mean intersection over union of 89.2%. The automatic cropping method enabled the system to complete diagnosis within 1 s.ConclusionsThis is the first study to combine lung cytologic image deep‐learning classification with semantic segmentation. The model was optimized for high accuracy and the automatic cropping facilitates the clinical application of our model. The success in both lung cytologic images classification and semantic segmentation on our dataset shows a promising result for clinical application in the future.
New Trends and Future Opportunities in the Enzymatic Formation of C−C, C−N, and C−O bonds
Authors: Sangster Jack J. , Marshall James R. , Turner Nicholas J. , Mangas‐Sanchez Juan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOrganic chemistry provides society with fundamental products we use daily. Concerns about the impact that the chemical industry has over the environment is propelling major changes in the way we manufacture chemicals. Biocatalysis offers an alternative to other synthetic approaches as it employs enzymes, Nature's catalysts, to carry out chemical transformations. Enzymes are biodegradable, come from renewable sources, operate under mild reaction conditions, and display high selectivities in the processes they catalyse. As a highly multidisciplinary field, biocatalysis benefits from advances in different areas, and developments in the fields of molecular biology, bioinformatics, and chemical engineering have accelerated the extension of the range of available transformations (E. L. Bell et al., Nat. Rev. Meth. Prim. 2021, 1, 1–21). Recently, we surveyed advances in the expansion of the scope of biocatalysis via enzyme discovery and protein engineering (J. R. Marshall et al., Tetrahedron 2021, 82, 131926). Herein, we focus on novel enzymes currently available to the broad synthetic community for the construction of new C−C, C−N and C−O bonds, with the purpose of providing the non‐specialist with new and alternative tools for chiral and sustainable chemical synthesis.
A Combinatorial Electrode for High‐Throughput, High‐Entropy Alloy Screening
Authors: Huang Jian , Shi Hao , Ma Yongsong , Yin Huayi , Wang Dihua 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHigh‐entropy alloys (HEAs) have emerged as a promising material category with at least four primary metal ingredients. There are more than 90 types of metals in the periodic table, and thus the number of HEAs is huge if these elements are randomly grouped. In this regard, screening HEAs in an efficient way remains a challenge. Herein, we designed a combinatorial electrode that contains 8 or 28 sample holders in one electrode. In other words, we can prepare 8 or 28 different HEAs under the same conditions in one batch of electrolysis. The interaction between the electrode arrays was investigated. Simulations and inductively coupled plasma (ICP) results show that the composition of the electrolytic HEAs at every sample holder can be accurately controlled, because the oxide precursors and electrolytic products are insoluble in the molten salt. Therefore, a combinatorial electrode enables a high‐throughput way to prepare HEAs, which speeds up materials screening.
The Appeal of Small Molecules for Practical Nonlinear Optics
Authors: Biaggio Ivan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSmall organic molecules with a π‐conjugated system that consists of only a few double or triple bonds can have significantly smaller optical excitation energies when equipped with donor and acceptor groups, which raises the quantum limits to the molecular polarizabilities. As a consequence, third‐order nonlinear optical polarizabilities become orders of magnitude larger than those of molecules of similar size without donor‐acceptor substitution. This enables strong third‐order nonlinear optical effects (as high as 1000 times those of silica glass) in dense, amorphous monolithic assemblies. These properties, accompanied by the possibility of deposition from the vapor phase and of electric‐field poling at higher temperatures, make the resulting materials competitive towards adding an active nonlinear optical or electro‐optic functionality to state‐of‐the‐art integrated photonics platforms.
Pd‐Catalyzed Heck‐Type Reactions of Allenes for Stereoselective Syntheses of Substituted 1,3‐Dienes
Authors: Vine Logan E. , Schomaker Jennifer M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA highly stereoselective Pd‐catalyzed Heck‐type reaction of allenes in which the stereochemistry of both olefins is set simultaneously was developed. The ligand CyJohnPhos was crucial to achieving stereoselectivity, while minimizing isomerization of the starting material through hydropalladation. The stereodetermining factors were proposed to be A1,3 strain between the catalyst and allene substituent, which influences the σ‐π‐σ equilibrium of the coupled allene intermediate, as well as eclipsing interactions of R groups in the β‐hydride elimination. Good functional group tolerance and stereoselectivities for formation of the Z,E isomer were demonstrated. The methodology was further expanded to include the regioselective formation of 2,4‐dienoates and 2,4‐dienamides with a variety of substitution patterns, albeit in reduced stereoselectivities favoring the E,E isomer. A plausible mechanism is proposed to account for the observed selectivities and substituent effects.
Chiral symmetry conservation principle
Authors: López‐Castillo Alejandro 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe show a chiral symmetry conservation principle based on chemical kinetics using stochastic results. Suppose the chiral symmetry conservation is evoked, and our universe can be considered globally asymmetric. In that case, there are at least two mirrored asymmetric universes if all the chiral properties are strongly correlated. However, if the chiral correlations are weak or nonexistent, there are possibly Many‐(Chiral‐Symmetry)‐Worlds. Alternatively, if our universe is only locally asymmetric, there could be a single universe with segregated chiral regions. The possible mechanisms of the primordial chiral symmetry breaking can only be found if the chiral symmetry is not truly conserved by assuming the initial racemic conditions. In that case, our universe is asymmetric and could be alone. On the other hand, if the chiral symmetry is conserved, there is no chance of finding the primordial chiral symmetry breaking. Based on this conservation (or not), it is possible to infer two opposite hypotheses, where two general scenarios about the chiral universes are possible.
Tolerability of bevacizumab and chemotherapy in a phase 3 clinical trial with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative breast cancer: A trajectory analysis of adverse events
Authors: Ip Edward H. , Saldana Santiago , Miller Kathy D. , Carlos Ruth C. , Gareen Ilana F. , Sparano Joseph A. , Graham Noah , Zhao Fengmin , Lee Ju‐Whei , O’Connell Nathaniel S. , Cella David , Peipert John D. , Gray Robert J. , Wagner Lynne I. 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundE5103 was a study designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of bevacizumab. It was a negative trial for the end points of invasive disease–free survival and overall survival. The current work examines the tolerability of bevacizumab and other medication exposures with respect to clinical outcomes and patient‐reported outcomes (PROs).MethodsAdverse events (AEs) collected from the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events were summarized to form an AE profile at each treatment cycle. All‐grade and high‐grade events were separately analyzed. The change in the AE profile over the treatment cycle was delineated as distinct AE trajectory clusters. AE‐related and any‐reason early treatment discontinuations were treated as clinical outcome measures. PROs were measured with the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–Breast + Lymphedema. The relationships between the AE trajectory and early treatment discontinuation as well as PROs were analyzed.ResultsMore than half of all AEs (57.5%) were low‐grade. A cluster of patients with broad and mixed AE (all‐grade) trajectory grades was significantly associated with any‐reason early treatment discontinuation (odds ratio [OR], 2.87; P = .01) as well as AE‐related discontinuation (OR, 4.14; P = .001). This cluster had the highest count of all‐grade AEs per cycle in comparison with other clusters. Another cluster of patients with primary neuropathic AEs in their trajectories had poorer physical well‐being in comparison with a trajectory of no or few AEs (P < .01). A high‐grade AE trajectory did not predict discontinuations.ConclusionsA sustained and cumulative burden of across‐the‐board toxicities, which were not necessarily all recognized as high‐grade AEs, contributed to early treatment discontinuation. Patients with neuropathic all‐grade AEs may require additional attention for preventing deterioration in their physical well‐being.
Increased health‐related quality of life impairments of male and female survivors of childhood cancer: DCCSS LATER 2 psycho‐oncology study
Authors: van Gorp Marloes , van Erp Loes M. E. , Maas Anne , Kremer Leontien C. M. , van Dulmen‐den Broeder Eline , Tissing Wim J. E. , Loonen Jacqueline J. , van der Pal Helena J. H. , de Vries Andrica C. H. , van den Heuvel‐Eibrink Marry M. , Ronckers Cécile M. , Bresters Dorine , Louwerens Marloes , van der Heiden‐van der Loo Margriet , Huizinga Gea A. , Maurice‐Stam Heleen , Grootenhuis Martha A. ,   for the Dutch LATER Study Group
Published: November 2021

BackgroundThe objective of this study was to compare the health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) of Dutch adult male and female childhood cancer survivors (CCSs) to general population references and to study medical determinants.MethodsCCSs from the Dutch Childhood Cancer Survivor Study LATER cohort (1963‐2001) part 2, who were 18 years old or older (time since diagnosis ≥ 5 years), were invited to complete the TNO‐AZL Questionnaire for Adult Health‐Related Quality of Life. Domain scores and proportions of CCSs with impaired HRQOL (score < 25th percentile of the reference scores) were compared with references via Mann‐Whitney U tests and logistic regression analyses corrected for age and sex (P < .004). Interactions of group with sex were included if they were significant (P < .05). Moreover, medical determinants were analyzed with multivariable logistic regression analyses.ResultsHRQOL scores for 1766 CCSs (mean age, 35.9 years [standard deviation, 9.4 years]; male, 51%; response rate, 71%) differed from references on most domains with small effect sizes. Both male and female CCSs were more often impaired in gross and fine motor functioning, cognitive functioning, sleep, and vitality with odds ratios (ORs) > 1.4. In addition, female CCSs were more often impaired in daily activities, pain, and sexuality (ORs, 1.4‐1.9) and were less often aggressive (OR, 0.6). CCCs of central nervous system (CNS) tumors, bone tumors, and retinoblastoma and those with cranial, abdominopelvic, or lower extremity radiotherapy were at increased risk of impairment in 1 or more domains.ConclusionsDutch adult CCSs, especially females, have impaired HRQOL in several domains; this is most pronounced in cognitive functioning. The vulnerabilities of subgroups at risk, such as CCSs of CNS tumors, were confirmed. Surveillance of HRQOL and multidisciplinary survivor care are recommended.Lay Summary

The health‐related quality of life in a Dutch nationwide cohort of 1766 survivors of childhood cancer was studied.

Survivors of childhood cancer were found to have lower health‐related quality of life in several domains (eg, motor functioning and vitality) in comparison with the general population.

They most often reported low cognitive functioning (eg, memory and attention).

Females had low health‐related quality of life in more domains than males.

Survivors of brain tumors had low health‐related quality of life in most domains.

Monitoring health‐related quality of life regularly and collaborating between disciplines in survivor care is recommended.
EPR Characterisation of Phthalocyanine Radical Anions in Near‐Infrared Photocleavage of the Hydrophilic Axial Ligand of a Photoimmunotherapeutic Reagent, IR700
Authors: Inanami Osamu , Hiraoka Wakako , Goto Yuto , Takakura Hideo , Ogawa Mikako 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPhotoimmunotherapy (PIT) is a novel cancer therapy that utilises tumour‐specific monoclonal antibodies coupled with a silicon phthalocyanine derivative with biaxial ligands (IR700). Near‐infrared (NIR)‐induced cleavage of these axial ligands induces the aggregation of IR700 on the cell membrane, resulting in cell death. Using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and computer spectral simulation, NIR irradiation of the IR700 aqueous solution under hypoxia revealed induced IR700 anion radicals in the presence of an electron donor. Two types of IR700 anion radicals with different anisotropies were identified as the precursors of the two‐step NIR‐induced cleavage reaction of the axial ligand of IR700. Under aerobic conditions, NIR irradiation of IR700 aqueous solution with and without the electron donor produced 1O2 and O2.−, respectively. These results suggest that NIR‐induced IR700 anion radicals are important for inducing the aggregation of IR700 and O2.−.
Tapped inductor based switched boost inverter: Analysis and implementation
Authors: Davaranhagh Elshan , Babaei Ebrahim , Sabahi Mehran , Shahmohamadi Sima 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn a Z‐source inverter, an inductor‐capacitor (LC) impedance network is used between the inverter bridge and the power source. These inverters can be used in boost and buck modes. Other advantages of this structure include resistance to electromagnetic interference (EMI) disturbances compared with conventional voltage source inverter (VSI). However, the LC impedance network significantly increases the size and cost of the power converter. Therefore, these converters are not suitable for low power applications. In this paper, a switched Z‐source inverter with the capability of high voltage gain by using coupling inductors is proposed. One of the main features of this structure is improving the boost factor and improving the inverter voltage gain without changing the duty cycle. A complete analysis of the inverter performance and a comprehensive comparison of its features concerning different structures are provided. Finally, in order to confirm the accuracy of the inverter operation, its laboratory results are presented.
Microparticle‐initiated electron emission and subsequent gas breakdown
Authors: Zhong Wei , Xu Ao , Shi Yuanjie , Jin Dazhi , Chen Lei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMicroparticle‐initiated breakdown phenomena in gas gap have obtained extensive research interest and micro‐gap discharge is convinced to play a key role. To illustrate this, this paper focused on microparticle‐initiated electron emission and subsequent gas breakdown process in a nitrogen gap. Analytic results of the electric field distribution between the charged microparticle and electrode surface are obtained by using the image method first. Results indicate that for the typical microparticles (R < 20 μm) from electrode erosion, when the micro‐gap distance h is lower than 2 μm, the maximum enhanced field strength could exceed 3 × 107 V/m. Based on this, a two‐dimensional axis‐symmetry numerical model is calculated by using the particle‐in‐cell coupling with Monte Carlo method and the charged microparticle is positioned near anode and cathode separately. In both cases, the local enhanced electron emission between microparticle and electrode surface is the key to initiate the final gas breakdown. The breakdown near cathode is electron‐dominated, which could accomplish in several nanoseconds. The breakdown near anode is ion‐dominated, which needs stronger field enhancement factor or longer breakdown time and would be harder to occur in reality.
Optimal DBN‐based distributed attack detection model for Internet of Things
Authors: Ramesh Babu Meenigi , Veena Kalludi Narasimhaiah 
Published: November 2021

SummaryThis paper introduces a new detection mechanism for defending the cyberspace with a new logic that aiding the concept of deep learning. The process involves two phases, namely, feature extraction and classification. The initial phase is the feature extraction, in which the features are extracted from the given input data by the renowned principal component analysis (PCA). Subsequently, the extracted features are subjected to the classification phase, where the deep belief network (DBN) model is used. The DBN model classifies the presence of attacks like denial of service (DoS), probe, R2L, and U2R. In order to make the performance more excellent, this paper diverts the strategy to a new concept termed “Optimization Concept.” Here, the hidden neuron of DBN is optimally selected by a new algorithm termed novel mutation rate‐based lion algorithm (NMR‐LA), which is the modified model of lion algorithm (LA). The performance of proposed algorithm NMR‐LA is compared over the conventional models in terms of both positive and negative measures like accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, precision, negative predictive value (NPV), F1 score and Mathews correlation coefficient (MCC), false‐positive rate (FPR), false‐negative rate (FNR), and false‐discovery rate (FDR) and proves the betterments of proposed work.
Hierarchical and Hybrid Cell Load Balancing in 5G Heterogeneous Mobile Networks
Authors: Aruna Kumari P. , Santi Prabha I. 
Published: November 2021

SummaryIn Fifth Generation (5G) Heterogeneous Mobile Networks (HetNets), deploying dense small cell networks makes user association more challenging. The process of collecting cell load information from the User Equipments (UEs) and broadcasting the feedback message involves significant overhead and time complexity. Moreover, the UEs may not know the optimum cell to reselect, satisfying its data rate requirements. In order to overcome these drawbacks, in this paper, we propose to design an Hierarchical and Hybrid Cell Load Balancing (HHCLB) technique using Selective Handoff. In this technique, the UEs of each cell are grouped into clusters depending on their proximity distance. Each cluster contains a cluster controller (CC) which is in charge of determining the intra‐cell load and redirecting the cell‐reselection request of a UE. If the data rate of any UE in a cluster becomes less than its required rate, then the cell reselection process is performed. By simulation results, it is shown that load balancing can be done proactively (implicitly) by the CCs when the load is unbalanced or can be done on demand (explicitly) when a UE send a request for cell reselection. In the case of Macro cells, HHCLB attains 71% higher throughput for low load scenario and 59% higher throughput for high load scenario. Similarly, in the case of Femto cells, HHCLB attains 19% higher throughput for low load scenario and 27% higher throughput for high load scenario.
Achalasia with esophageal intramural hematoma treated by per‐oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM)
Authors: Fujiyoshi Yusuke , Fujiyoshi Mary Raina Angeli , Kimura Ryusuke , Shinohara Hiroki , Nishikawa Yohei , Shimamura Yuto , Ikeda Haruo , Onimaru Manabu , Inoue Haruhiro 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEsophageal intramural hematoma (EIH) is a condition which occurs as a result of hemorrhage within the esophageal wall including the submucosal layer. However, reports of EIH on achalasia patients are quite limited and per‐oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) for achalasia with EIH has not been reported. This is the first case report that demonstrated a successful treatment of achalasia with EIH by POEM. In achalasia, since there is absence of lower esophageal sphincter relaxation, as barotraumatic pathogenesis, an increase in the intraesophageal pressure may cause EIH. As direct traumatic pathogenesis, the stasis of food may directly injure the esophageal wall resulting in EIH. After confirming the hematoma healed until it became an ulcer, POEM was performed on the posterior axis since the intramural hematoma was located anteriorly. The procedure was completed successfully without any occurrence of adverse events. On 2‐months follow‐up, improvement in dysphagia was noted, and complete epithelialization of the intramural hematoma region was seen on endoscopic examination. On 1‐year follow‐up, patient did not have recurrence of dysphagia and intramural hematoma. In summary, we reported a case of achalasia with EIH, which was treated by POEM. POEM procedure may be effective not only for the improvement of dysphagia but also for a better ulcer healing and prevention of intramural hematoma recurrence.