bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aspects of the Chronology, Structure and Thermal History of the Kawerau Geothermal Field
Authors:   , Milicich Sarah Dawn 
Published: November 2021

<p>The development and management of high-temperature geothermal resources for electrical power generation requires accurate knowledge of the local geological conditions, particularly where they impact on the hydrology of the resource. This study is an integrated programme of work designed to develop new perspectives on the geological and structural framework of the Kawerau geothermal resource as a sound basis for field management. Although the geological approaches and techniques utilised in this study have previously been used, their application to an integrated study of a geothermal system in New Zealand has not been previously undertaken. Correlating volcanic and sedimentary stratigraphy in geothermal areas in New Zealand can be challenging due to similarities in lithology and the destruction of distinctive chemical, mineralogical and textural characteristic by hydrothermal alteration. A means to overcoming these issues is to utilise dating to correlate the stratigraphy. Zircons are resistant to the effects of typical hydrothermal conditions and were dated using SIMS techniques (SHRIMP-RG) to retrieve U–Pb ages on zircons. These age data were then used to correlate units across the field, in part aided by correlations to material that had previously been dated from fresh rock by ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar techniques, and used to redefine the stratigraphic framework for the area. [...] Although previously inferred to be a long–lived system, the modern Kawerau Geothermal Field is a Holocene entity reflecting the rejuvenation of magmatic heat flux associated with Putauaki volcano superimposed on an area of multiple reactivated fault structures, sporadic magmatism and variable rates of subsidence. This study documents past patterns of fluid flow, temperatures and chemistry, and inferred permeability within the field. Using textural relationships in selected samples, the relative timing and patterns of hydrothermal alteration, and fluid flows can be established. These textural relationships are then calibrated against fluid inclusion palaeotemperature measurements and isotope data and related to temperatures and compositions of past fluids. Short–lived heat sources beneath the field resulted from local magma intrusions, and are responsible for the 0.36 Ma and 0.138 Ma rhyolites and Holocene eruptive activity of Putauaki andesite–dacite volcano. The Putauaki activity is inferred to be responsible for the thermal and alteration characteristics of the modern system.</p>
Gender ratios in library management (‘directorship’) roles in New Zealand public and tertiary libraries
Authors:   , Shute Gareth 
Published: November 2021

<p>Research problem: This study looked at the percentage of female managers in charge of library systems within New Zealand between 1980 and 2013 to see if their gender balance matched the wider library workforce (which has upwards of 80% female staff). Methodology: Directories of public libraries were examined and the gender of each library manager was noted. Results: The overall figure for library managers was found to be around 80%, with a slight improvement over the period examined. However, when public libraries were divided by size, the results for the 1980s showed that large libraries had fewer female managers than the overall library workforce, while small libraries had a larger percentage. This difference was shown to decrease over the period studied, until both large and small libraries had around 80% female staff. A similar result was shown in preliminary data sourced from New South Wales (Australia), which suggested that this trend also occurs overseas. The New Zealand data also considered tertiary institutions. At the beginning of the study, only one out of six university library systems was managed by a woman, while in the most recent year seven out of ten managers were female. In contrast, there was found to be a high percentage of female managers in charge of polytechs over this same time. Implications: These results suggest that a gender bias existed within some sectors of librarianship (within large public libraries and university libraries) at the beginning of the study period, but that this bias has largely disappeared in recent years.</p>
Electronic records management at the coal face: Testing a behaviour search model for EDRMS
Authors:   , Mackay Heather 
Published: November 2021

<p>The main objective of this proposed research is to test the reliability and validity of the information search model presented by Joseph, Debowski & Goldschmidt (2013a) which relates to searching in EDRMS. In order to do this, the search behaviour of employees using the EDRMS eDOCS Hummingbird in a New Zealand local authority will be compared with the model. Another research objective is to gain information about current search behaviour in relationship to the design of the new EDRMS system Objective which will soon be installed in the test organisation. As the literature review shows, introducing an EDRMS to a workplace is difficult, requiring a major change to the way that employees have managed their information, (Maguire, 2005). The last objective is to gain insights from the search behaviour in regards to training for the new system.</p>
Applying Funds of Knowledge in a New Zealand High School: The Emergence of Team-based Collaboration as an Approach
Authors:   , Hogg Linda Mary 
Published: November 2021

<p>Underachievement by Māori and Pasifika students in New Zealand schools evidences the need for more effective teacher practices to support minoritized students‟ learning, in the interests of social justice. Learning about students' funds of knowledge (FoK) allows teachers to offer relevant learning experiences, achieving a fuller socio-constructivist approach to teaching and learning (González, Moll, & Amanti, 2005). This study explores the relevance of the FoK concept in the New Zealand context, and its application at high school level. For the purposes of this qualitative study, participants (n = 21) from a high school community were organized into five teams; three teams included a teacher, students, and their parents, and two included a teacher and students. Each team negotiated, implemented, and evaluated strategies for the teacher to learn about students' FoK. Findings highlight the dual layer of benefits arising from participation in collaborative teams and teacher inquiry into students' FoK. Each team formed a temporary system which transcended school norms and values, allowed members to interact in new ways, and provided a safe space for exploration of the application of FoK. A conceptual map outlining elements of the team-based collaboration (TBC) approach identifies factors related to purpose, participants, and process which generated each team's culture. Complex interplay of contextual elements influenced teams' milieu, decision-making, and valued outcomes. Valued outcomes included: identification of diverse FoK held by Māori and Pasifika students; development of closer teacher-student relationships and increased mutual commitment; greater evidence of effective learning behaviors in class; and pedagogical applications that were congruent with existing teaching programs. Barriers to valued outcomes suggest areas for participant training; these included the matching of strategy choice to participants to illuminate FoK, traditional teacher-student dynamics, and time and timing. Implications for teacher practice and future research are identified.</p>
An investigation of academics’ perception, uptake and use of ebooks at the University of Waikato
Authors:   , Lamb Alistair 
Published: November 2021

<p>Research problem The goal of this research was to determine the perception, uptake and use of ebooks by academic staff at the University of Waikato. The study discovers why, and to a certain degree how, academics are utilising, or not utilising, ebook resources available to them from the University‟s Library. The results inform library staff involved with the promotion, purchase and education of the use of ebooks. Methodology An online quantitative questionnaire survey was employed to gather the necessary data for analysis. This statistical approach enabled the survey to be delivered to a wider range of participants allowing for a broader coverage of responses. The population of this study was drawn exclusively from the employees of the University of Waikato and the particular sample chosen was confined to academics who are involved with teaching and/or research. Results The study shows that ebook awareness is strong with the academic community but generally, the full potential of ebooks has not been realised within their professional environment. There is clearly the need and desire for improvement of technologies, access and supply of ebooks. It is also apparent that there is a need for patron education by the Library to raise awareness about the ebooks they offer and the tools used to view and access them. Implications An increase An increase in support from Library staff through a variety of channels is required. Visibility and access to ebooks needs to be improved along with greater relevancy of available content. Education and instruction should serve as the primary tools to increase academic use and acceptance of ebooks. However not all these goals can be achieved by Library staff as many limitations are imposed by ebook vendors and publishers and therefore outside of the Library‟s control. Despite these limitations it is important for Library staff to assist ebook users to explore the advantageous aspects of the ebook environment.</p>
Exploring partnerships between nonprofit organisations in New Zealand
Authors:   , Sutton Nicola Joy 
Published: November 2021

<p>Nonprofit partnership with government and with business is well documented in the literature. However partnership between nonprofit organisations has largely been ignored. This research focuses on such New Zealand partnerships. It investigates three aspects of partnership: the reasons why organisations partner, the resources they allocate to those partnerships, and the competencies used by the people managing the partnerships. How these three partnership aspects influence each other and the effect of that on the partnerships is also explored. The study focuses on the ‘partnership’ rather than the ‘co-existence’ end of Craig and Courtney’s (2004) continuum where elements such as working from agreed values, sharing resources and decision making, and developing systems to support the partnership will be evident. Two partnerships were selected as case studies. Data came from semi-structured interviews with seven participants from five partner organisations. The literature provided a framework for analysing the interview data in relation to the three aspects of partnership. This framework led to the identification of four new motivational factors, two new resource allocations and two new competencies. The literature also provided six theories that help explain partnership motivations. In addition to the three aspects (motivation, resources, and competencies) of partnership, it became clear that these things made a difference: · the term used to describe what they were doing – collaboration or partnership, · the context, · the presence of trust and goodwill, · voluntary participation in partnership, and · the level of formality. The findings demonstrated that the motivation to partner at all was the most important of the three aspects of partnership. It influenced resource allocations and the competencies used by partnership managers. Resource allocations did not influence the motivation to partner but influenced the competencies used by the partnership managers. And the competencies used by the partnership managers influenced the resources allocated by organisations but generally did not influence the motivation to partner. The findings add to our knowledge about nonprofit-nonprofit partnership and will help people to plan partnerships. I also propose five areas for further research: · factors that influence formality, · factors that prevent nonprofit partnership, · role of competencies in motivating partnership, · quantity of resources and the impact on outcomes, and · ownership of intellectual property.</p>
Alexander Pope and the tracts advising women of the long eighteenth century
Authors:   , Williams Eve 
Published: November 2021

<p>This thesis contextualises the treatment of women in Alexander Pope's Epistle to a Lady (1743) against three conduct manuals from the eighteenth century. These three texts are The Whole Duty of a Woman by A Lady (1696), The Art of Knowing Women by Le Chevalier Plante-Amour (1732) and An Essay in Praise of Women (1733) by James Bland. The Art of Knowing Women has been paid only passing reference by feminist scholars. The Whole Duty of a Woman appears to be known solely for the compilation of recipes which forms its final section, and An Essay in Praise of Women is, as far as I have been able to discover, completely unknown. Despite the critical work on the supposed misogyny of Pope, virtually no attention has been paid to the context supplied by these advice manuals, symptoms of their age. In my reading, however, these manuals function both as sources for the Epistle to a Lady, and as subjects of Pope's imaginative satire. I begin by surveying the relevant aspects of Pope's personal history. Drawing on recent historical scholarship, I go on to outline something of the situation of women in the eighteenth century. My comparative study follows. I take each manual in turn, comparing its ideological content and rhetoric with those of Pope. By contrast with these tracts, Pope's poem emerges as far from misogynistic. Indeed, it conveys a nuanced, complex and sympathetic attitude towards women.</p>
Wandering wives or foreign fillies? The women of archaic Greek colonisation
Authors:   , Kerr Harriet 
Published: November 2021

<p>Greek colonisation in the archaic period encompassed an enormous geographical area. But for all its prevalence, the textual evidence is limited in both quantity and quality and the archaeological evidence goes only some way towards helping decipher social change and ethnicity. These issues become even more apparent when considering the position of women in the new city foundations. Did Greek colonists take their own wives with them to their new homes? Were Greek women sent out at a later date once the colony had become established? Did Greek colonists intermarry with indigenous women on arrival? Or did something else happen, including a mix of these options? The weight of scholarly opinion currently falls in favour of intermarriage, though frequently little evidence is proffered to support this view. This thesis focuses on this hypothesis and examines the evidence (or lack thereof) to support this conclusion. Chapter One examines the problems associated with archaic Greek colonisation generally, particularly those issues connected with the ‘language of colonisation’. The study of Greek colonisation has been complicated by imprecise and ambiguous terminology, which frequently draws comparison with more modern (although altogether different) instances of the phenomenon. A major repercussion of this is the tendency to overlook both women and any indigenous peoples. The opening chapter also examines the various reasons behind the foundation of colonies, as well as the different types of settlements, so that an assessment can be made as to whether Greek women might have been more likely to accompany colonising expeditions in some instances over others. Chapter Two looks at the concept of intermarriage more closely and assesses Greek attitudes towards foreign women. It also evaluates the evidence typically called upon by scholars to argue for and against intermarriage in Greek colonisation. Chapter Three assesses the evidence for the presence of women in ten different colonies. Presented roughly in chronological order, these colonies were selected for their geographical scope, covering different regions from the Western Mediterranean, Magna Graecia, North Africa, and the Black Sea. This discussion explores both the literary and archaeological evidence (where possible) for each of these colonies and assesses the potential for intermarriage. This thesis demonstrates that broad conclusions about intermarriage as a widespread practice are unsustainable and concludes that colonisation in the archaic period cannot be considered a uniform phenomenon.</p>
The Mummy's Complaint: An Object-Biography of the Egyptian Mummies in New Zealand Museums, 1885-1897
Authors:   , Brown-Haysom Ryan 
Published: November 2021

<p>Recent years have seen a revival of interest in material objects in the humanities generally, and in Museum Studies in particular. Although the influence of this 'material turn' is still in its early stages, one of the manifestations of the renewed interest in the 'life of things' has been the growth of interest in Actor-Network Theory, a branch of sociological analysis which attempts to reconstruct the networks of agency through which social existence is created and maintained. One of the more controversial aspects of Actor-Network Theory (or ANT) is its willingness to concede a level of agency to non-human and inanimate actors in these 'assemblages'. For Museum Studies, the relevance of this theoretical framework lies in the analysis of museums both as assemblages in their own right, and as actants in a network of other sites, institutions, technologies, ideologies, and objects. Museum objects, long viewed as inert, can be seen instead as participants in the 'shuffle of agency' that constitutes institutions and inducts them into wider patterns of social activity. This dissertation uses the case study of Egyptian mummies in New Zealand museums to gauge the usefulness of an ANT-based approach to writing the 'life-history of objects'. Borrowing the concept of the 'object biography' from Kopytoff and Appadurai, it attempts to construct such a history of the five complete Egyptian mummies in New Zealand’s public museums. Using the principles of Actor-Network Theory, it attempts to trace the ways in which mummies have been constituted as 'meaningful objects' through the examination of the ways in which they have moved through different assemblages, both globally and within New Zealand, during the twelve years from 1885 to 1897. This was the period during which all five Egyptian mummies entered New Zealand collections, traversing networks of imperialism, scientific knowledge, religious knowledge, and exchange. In the course of their movement through these diverse assemblages, the meaning of mummies – inside and outside the public museum – could be construed in radically different ways. This dissertation considers the usefulness of such a methodology for Museum Studies and Material Culture Studies, and considers the potential benefits and pitfalls of writing about assemblages for those who want to consider the life-history of objects.</p>
Speech Enhancement using Multiple Transducers
Authors:   , Anderson Craig 
Published: November 2021

<p>In this thesis, three methods of speech enhancement techniques are investigated with applications in extreme noise environments. Various beamforming techniques are evaluated for their performance characteristics in terms of signal to (distant) noise ratio and tolerance to design imperfections. Two suitable designs are identified with contrasting performance characteristics — the second order differential array, with excellent noise rejection but poor robustness; and a least squares design, with adequate noise rejection and good robustness. Adaptive filters are introduced in the context of a simple noise canceller and later a post-processor for a dual beamformer system. Modifications to the least mean squares (LMS) filter are introduced to tolerate cross-talk between microphones or beamformer outputs. An adaptive filter based post-processor beamforming system is designed and evaluated using a simulation involving speech in noisy environments. The beamforming methods developed are combined with the modified LMS adaptive filter to further reduce noise (if possible) based on correlations between noise signals in a beamformer directed to the talker and a complementary beamformer (nullformer) directed away from the talker. This system shows small, but not insignificant, improvements in noise reduction over purely beamforming based methods. Blind source separation is introduced briefly as a potential future method for enhancing speech in noisy environments. The FastICA algorithm is evaluated on existing data sets and found to perform similarly to the post-processing system developed in this thesis. Future avenues of research in this field are highlighted.</p>
Whāia Te Mauriora - In Pursuit of Healing: Theorising connections between soul healing, tribal self-determination and Māori suicide prevention in Aotearoa / New Zealand
Authors:   , Lawson-Te Aho Keri 
Published: November 2021

<p>Māori suicide is theorised as an outcome of the wounding of the indigenous spirit as a result of complex trauma birthed during colonisation. The spirit is theorised as the place where trauma and suffering take root in whakapapa (kinship). Whakapapa is theorised as the mechanism by which spiritual affliction is transferred inter-generationally manifesting in physical outcomes within and between generations. Māori suicide is interpreted as the physical manifestation of spiritual wounds and spiritual wounding requires responses that ameliorate and heal spiritual suffering at the source. Therapies for soul healing are framed in context of indigenous self determination. This creates space to privilege healing traditions housed within cultural worldviews, practices and knowledge(s). This assumes an ability to reclaim traditional healing knowledge that works at a spiritual level. Whakapapa is theorised as the pathway by which profound healing of the wounded spirit can be achieved. In this research, connection to whakapapa and a full consciousness of the divine (mauri) inside all indigenous peoples that connects us with each other provides a source of healing of the spirit through balancing the spiritual and physical elements of human existence. In order to test the relationship between historical trauma and the outcomes of spiritual suffering 182 years of history were researched in one discrete tribal group. Using whānau narratives three major trauma acts were identified. The whānau identified historical trauma as having contemporary outcomes and consequences for whakapapa/kinship relationships. They found the analysis of historical trauma to be empowering, bringing forth revelation knowledge and explaining inter-generational suffering. The explanatory power of historical trauma/soul and spiritual wounding made sense to them experientially, intuitively and intellectually. This PhD recommends healing methods (and pathways) for indigenous professionals and para-professionals working with extensive trauma in their communities. Trauma narratives are reframed as imperatives and opportunities for spiritual/soul healing.</p>