bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crude Contempt: Examining Local Pushback to Oil and Gas Development in California
Authors: Mahafza Zachary , Fisk Jonathan M. , Adams David P. 
Published: March 2021

Investigating voter preferences has been a challenge for those studying the politics of fracking. Recent scholarship has assessed local fracking bans in Texas, Ohio, Colorado, and Pennsylvania. These findings suggest the importance of political ideology and voters' experience. This project continues to develop an understanding of local defiance and “fracking” attitudes, by extending this inquiry to California. Utilizing a novel dataset of over 400 voting precincts across three California counties, we find that political ideology, the presence of nearby spills, and education shape voters support for local bans on fracking.Related ArticlesAsh, John S. 2011. “Radiation or Riots: Risk Perception in Nuclear Power Decision Making and Deliberative Approaches to Resolving Stakeholder Conflict.” Politics & Policy 39 (2): 317‐344. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2010.00237.xFisk, Jonathan M., Charles Davis, and Benjamin Cole. 2017. “‘Who Is at Fault?’ The Media and the Stories of Induced Seismicity.” Politics & Policy 45 (1): 31‐50. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12193Neill, Katharine A., and John C. Morris. 2012. “A Tangled web of Principals and Agents: Examining the Deepwater Horizon oil Spill through a Principal‐Agent Lens.” Politics & Policy 40 (4): 629‐656. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2012.00371.x
American Global Supremacy Under Threat? The Chinese Factor
Authors: Zaidi Syed Muhammad Saad 
Published: March 2021

In contemporary times, the widely debated topic in international politics is the future of the United States as the sole superpower of the world. Many political analysts see the “unipolar moment” to be in grave danger, especially by a rapidly rising China. The advocates of China as the next superpower term the economic crisis of 2008 to be a watershed moment. Since the financial meltdown post‐2008, China began to unfold its geoeconomic might to the world, which in turn gave it great geopolitical capital to challenge—to an extent—the U.S. hegemonic status. However, when a purely empirical analysis is conducted between the power and capabilities of the United States and China, a totally contrasting picture is painted. This article critically analyzes the political, military, economic, and soft power—key essentials to assess “national power”—capabilities of the United States in comparison to China and other second‐tier powers to assess the future of the unipolar world order.Related ArticlesLasher, Kevin J., and Christine Sixta Rinehart. 2016. “The Shadowboxer: The Obama Administration and Foreign Policy Grand Strategy.” Politics & Policy 44 (5): 850‐888. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12175Quinn, Adam. 2007. “The Great Illusion: Chimeras of Isolationism and Realism in Post‐Iraq U.S. Foreign Policy.” Politics & Policy 35 (3): 522‐547. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2007.00071.xZhao, Kejin. 2017. “China's Public Diplomacy for International Public Goods.” Politics & Policy 45 (5): 706‐732. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12223
Substrate membrane bearing close‐packed array of micron‐level pillars incrassates air‐exposed three‐dimensional epidermal equivalent model
Authors: Kumamoto Junichi , Fujimoto Koji , Kobayashi Yasuaki , Ohno Kota , Nagayama Masaharu , Denda Mitsuhiro 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundWe showed previously that a thick three‐dimensional epidermal equivalent can be constructed with passaged keratinocytes on a patterned surface.Material and MethodsWe first carried out computer simulations of a three‐dimensional epidermal equivalent model built on close‐packed arrays of 10 µm, 15 µm, 20 µm, 30 µm, and 60 µm diameter pillars. Based on these predictions, we evaluated epidermal equivalents built on a series of porous plastic membranes bearing arrays of pillars 15 µm, 20 µm, 25 µm, 30 µm, and 50 µm in diameter.ResultsThe simulations predicted that a model having near‐physiological thickness would be formed on 15 ~ 30 µm pillars. In the results of in vitro study, the thickest epidermal equivalent was obtained on the 20 µm pillars. Epidermal differentiation markers, filaggrin and loricrin, were expressed at the upper layer of the epidermal equivalent model, and tight‐junction proteins, claudin‐1 and ZO‐1, were expressed on the cell membranes. BrdU‐positive cells were observed at the base and also at the top of the pillars.ConclusionThe results of the study suggested that mathematical modeling might be a useful tool to guide biological studies.
Red blood cell storage duration and peri‐operative outcomes in paediatric cardiac surgery
Authors: Padiyath Asif , Lo Brian D. , Ong Chin Siang , Goswami Dheeraj , Steppan Diana A. , Frank Steven M. , Steppan Jochen 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundPrior research on red blood cell (RBC) storage duration and clinical outcomes in paediatric cardiac surgery has shown conflicting results. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether blood stored for a longer duration is harmful in these patients.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study of paediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery at our institution between January 2011 and June 2015. Patients were stratified based on whether they were transfused RBCs stored for ≤15 days (fresher blood) or >15 days (older blood). The primary outcome was composite morbidity, with prolonged length of stay (LOS) as a secondary outcome. Subgroup analyses were performed after stratification by RBC transfusion volume (≤2 vs. >2 RBC units). Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the impact of RBC storage duration on composite morbidity and prolonged LOS.ResultsOf 461 patients, 122 (26·5%) received fresher blood and 339 (73·5%) received older blood. The overall rate of composite morbidity was 18·0% (n = 22) for patients receiving fresher blood and 13·6% (n = 46) for patients receiving older blood (P = 0·24). In the risk‐adjusted model, patients receiving older blood did not exhibit an increased risk of composite morbidity (OR: 0·74, 95% CI: 0·37–1·47, P = 0·40) or prolonged LOS (OR: 0·72, 95% CI: 0·38–1·35, P = 0·30) compared to patients receiving fresher blood. Similar results were seen after stratification by RBC transfusion volume.ConclusionsTransfusing RBCs stored for a longer duration was not associated with an increased risk of morbidity or prolonged LOS in paediatric cardiac surgery patients.
Analysis of factors affecting return of first‐time blood donors in Japan: The role of small volume whole blood collection
Authors: Odajima Takeshi , Takanashi Minoko , Sugimori Hiroki , Sato Junichi , Kano Chiharu , Matsuda Yoshihiro , Tsuno Nelson Hirokazu , Muroi Kazuo 
Published: March 2021

Acquiring and maintaining a repeat donor population is essential to keep a sufficient blood supply in Japan. To understand the factors associated with the return of first‐time blood donors, we conducted a retrospective analysis of first‐time blood donors who donated blood to the Japanese Red Cross Blood Services in the year 2017, by following them up for 2 years and then statistically analysing the returning donors in comparison with the non‐returning donors. The blood donors’ features were obtained from the Donor Management System and statistically analysed according to whether they returned or not to make another blood donation during the 2‐year period. Data from 421 415 first‐time donors were analysed, and the return rate was 39·6%. In a univariate analysis including all donors, the factors significantly associated with return donation were male gender, younger age, higher BW, 200 ml whole blood collection (200 WB) and higher Hb. In the subgroup analysis, we analysed student donors aged less than 23 years (157 847 donors) and found younger age, higher BW, 200 WB and female gender as factors significantly associated with returning. Among non‐students in the same age group (n = 42 623), younger age, higher BW, 400 WB and male gender were the factors associated with higher returning. The median age and BW of the non‐student group were higher compared with the students. Although 200 WB donation is not cost‐effective, from our results it seems to play a role in the acquisition of donors who are potential repeat blood donors, essential for maintaining the blood supply in Japan.
Low‐volume high‐intensity interval training for cardiometabolic health
Authors: Sabag Angelo , Little Jonathan P. , Johnson Nathan A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHigh‐intensity interval training (HIIT) is characterised by short bouts of high‐intensity submaximal exercise interspersed with rest periods. Low‐volume HIIT, typically involving less than 15 min of high‐intensity exercise per session, is being increasingly investigated in healthy and clinical populations due to its time‐efficient nature and purported health benefits. The findings from recent trials suggest that low‐volume HIIT can induce similar, and at times greater, improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness, glucose control, blood pressure, and cardiac function when compared to more traditional forms of aerobic exercise training including high‐volume HIIT and moderate intensity continuous training, despite requiring less time commitment and lower energy expenditure. Although further studies are required to elucidate the precise mechanisms of action, metabolic improvements appear to be driven, in part, by enhanced mitochondrial function and insulin sensitivity, whereas certain cardiovascular improvements are linked to increased left ventricular function as well as greater central and peripheral arterial compliance. Beyond the purported health benefits, low‐volume HIIT appears to be safe and well‐tolerated in adults, with high rates of reported exercise adherence and low adverse effects.
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Management of colonic diverticulitis
Authors: Peery Anne F 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTLeft sided colonic diverticulitis is a common and costly gastrointestinal disease in Western countries, characterized by acute onset of often severe abdominal pain. Imaging is necessary to make an initial diagnosis and determine disease severity. Colonoscopy should be done six to eight weeks after diagnosis to rule out a missed colon malignancy. Antibiotic treatment is used selectively in immunocompetent patients with mild acute uncomplicated diverticulitis. The clinical course of diverticulitis commonly includes unpredictable recurrences and chronic gastrointestinal symptoms, which are a detriment to quality of life. A better understanding of prognosis has prompted a shift toward non-operative approaches. The decision to undergo prophylactic colon resection should be individualized to consider the severity of diverticulitis, the patient’s health and immune status, and the patient’s preferences and values, as well as benefits and risks. Because only a section of colon is removed, recurrent diverticulitis remains a risk. Acute diverticulitis with an abscess is treated with antibiotics that cover Gram negative and anaerobic bacteria, with or without percutaneous drainage. Acute diverticulitis with purulent or feculent contamination of the peritoneal cavity is managed with surgery; primary resection and anastomosis is the procedure of choice in stable patients.
Sex-based differences in and risk factors for metabolic syndrome in adults aged 40 years and above in Northeast China: Results from the cross-sectional China national stroke screening survey
Authors: Li Feng-E , Zhang Fu-Liang , Zhang Peng , Liu Dong , Liu Hao-Yuan , Guo Zhen-Ni , Yang Yi 
Published: March 2021

ObjectivesLow levels of income and education are risk factors for metabolic syndrome in the population of Northeast China, which has a high incidence of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to determine sex-based differences associated with the prevalence of and risk factors for metabolic syndrome among people older than 40 years in Northeast China; this has not been previously investigated.DesignThis study analysed a portion of the large sample data of the national cross-sectional screening of China from 2016. Metabolic syndrome was defined as the presence of any three of the following five risk factors: abnormal waist circumference; high levels of triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol or fasting plasma glucose; and elevated blood pressure. Multiple regression analysis was used to investigate sex-based differences in the prevalence of, and risk factors for metabolic syndrome.SettingThe study was conducted in Dehui City, Jilin Province, China.ParticipantsA total of 4052 participants with complete questionnaire information and laboratory examination results were included.ResultsThe prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 50.1% overall (38.4% in men and 57.9% in women; p<0.001). High body mass index and hip circumference were associated with metabolic syndrome in both sexes. In addition, physical inactivity (OR and 95% CI 1.44 (1.06 to 1.97); p=0.022) in men and advanced age (OR and 95% CI 1.54 (1.15 to 2.04); p=0.003) in women were factors associated with metabolic syndrome. Women with junior high school education or above and living in rural areas were less likely to have metabolic syndrome. For men, education and rural or urban living had no association with metabolic syndrome.ConclusionsThe risk factors for metabolic syndrome have similarities and differences in different sexes; thus, the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome should be based on these sex differences.
Clinical outcomes of patients undergoing percutaneous left atrial
appendage occlusion in general anaesthesia or conscious sedation: data from
the prospective global Amplatzer Amulet Occluder Observational Study
Authors: Piayda Kerstin , Hellhammer Katharina , Nielsen-Kudsk Jens Erik , Schmidt Boris , Mazzone Patrizio , Berti Sergio , Fischer Sven , Lund Juha , Montorfano Matteo , Della Bella Paolo , Gage Ryan , Zeus Tobias 
Published: March 2021

Objective
To evaluate the safety and efficacy of percutaneous left atrial
appendage occlusion (LAAO) using conscious sedation (CS).

Background
Several percutaneous structural heart disease interventions are
safely and efficiently performed using CS instead of general anaesthesia
(GA). This concept has not been evaluated in a large multicenter cohort
of patients undergoing LAAO.

Methods
Patients from the prospective, global Amplatzer Amulet Occluder
Observational Study were divided into two groups (GA vs CS). Baseline
information, periprocedural and postprocedural efficacy and
complications, as well as outcomes through 7 days post implant were
compared.

Results
Patients undergoing transesophageal-guided implants were categorised
by GA (n=607, 64%) or CS (n=342, 36%) usage. Mean age was 75 years in
both groups. LAAO technical success was achieved in 99% of both groups.
The procedure duration (GA: 35±22 min vs CS: 27±19 min, p<0.001),
total amount of contrast medium (GA: 105±81 mL vs CS: 86±66 mL,
p<0.001) and fluoroscopic time (GA: 13±9 min vs CS: 12±13 min,
p<0.001) were less in CS cases. Procedure-related or device-related
serious adverse events during the first 7 days were numerically higher
in the CS group (GA: 4.9% vs CS: 7.6%, p=0.114). Peridevice residual
flow was absent or ≤5 mm 1–3 months after the procedure in 99.7% of the
GA and in 100% of the CS group (p=1.000).

Conclusions
In a large global study, LAAO with the Amplatzer Amulet occluder is
safe and feasible using CS. Procedure duration and total amount of
contrast were less with CS than GA cases.

Trial registration number
NCT02447081; Results.
Impact of sensory interventions on the quality of life of long-term care residents: a scoping review
Authors: Backman Chantal , Demery-Varin Melissa , Cho-Young Danielle , Crick Michelle , Squires Janet 
Published: March 2021

Introduction and purposeResidents in long-term care exhibit diminishing senses (hearing, sight, taste, smell or touch). The purpose of this study was to examine the available literature on the impact of sensory interventions on the quality of life of residents living in long-term care settings.MethodsWe conducted a mixed-methods scoping review using Arksey and O’Malley’s framework. Seven databases (Medline (Ovid), PubMed (non-Medline-Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCO), Embase (Ovid), Ageline, PsycINFO (Ovid), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials until 1 December 2020) were searched. Two reviewers independently screened the studies for sensory interventions using a two-step process. Eligible studies underwent data extraction and results were synthesised descriptively.ResultsWe screened 5551 titles and abstracts. A total of 52 articles met our inclusion criteria. Some interventions involved only one sense: hearing (n=3), sight (n=12), smell (n=4) and touch (n=15). Other interventions involved multiple senses (n=18). We grouped the interventions into 16 categories (music programmes, environmental white noise, bright light interventions, visual stimulations, olfactory stimulations, massages, therapeutic touch, tactile stimulations, physical activity plus night-time programmes, pet therapies, various stimuli interventions, Snoezelen rooms, motor and multisensory based strategies, Namaste care, environmental modifications and expressive touch activities).ConclusionThis preliminary review summarised some of the available sensory interventions that will help inform a series of future systematic reviews on each of the specific interventions. The evidence-based knowledge for sensory interventions will also inform a future audit programme for assessing the presence of sensory interventions in long-term care.
Scoping review protocol of service delivery-related interventions to improve maternal and newborn health in low-income and middle-income countries
Authors: Mianda Solange , Todowede Olamide O , Schneider Helen 
Published: March 2021

IntroductionThis review will explore the characteristics of service delivery-related interventions to improve maternal and newborn health in low-income and middle-income countries, comparing three common framing approaches of these interventions (referred to as archetypes), namely, quality improvement (QI), health system strengthening (HSS) and implementation science (IS), over the last 20 years.Methods and analysisThis study will review the literature on health service interventions from 2000 to 2020. This will be achieved by searching for English peer-reviewed articles in the following electronic databases EBSCOhost, PubMed, Web of Science, MASCOT/Wotro Map of Maternal Health Research and Google scholar. We will develop a systematic search strategy using a combination of keywords and Boolean operators AND/OR. Eligibility screening and data extraction will be conducted by two independent reviewers, and disagreements resolved by a third independent reviewer. Analyses will be conducted in two steps, a quantitative and a qualitative phase. The quantitative phase will provide a descriptive profile of papers, including the category (QI, HSS, IS, mixed or other) of papers. In the follow-up qualitative phase, all three reviewers will independently code for key concepts in a subset of papers, jointly selected as representing each archetype, and analysed in batches until concept saturation is achieved.Ethics and disseminationThis review does not require ethical approval. The results will be published as an article in a peer-reviewed journal and presented to stakeholders involved in implementing health system interventions in maternal and newborn.
Helpful explanatory models for somatoform symptoms (HERMES): study protocol of a randomised mixed-methods pilot trial
Authors: Hüsing Paul , Löwe Bernd , Olde Hartman Tim C , Frostholm Lisbeth , Weigel Angelika 
Published: March 2021

IntroductionPersistent somatic symptoms (PSS) are common both in the general population and primary care. They are bothersome in terms of psychological and somatic symptom burden. Health professionals often struggle with communication, as there is a lack of scientifically supported explanatory models for PSS or a focus merely on somatic aspects of the complaints, which both frustrate patients’ needs. The objective of the present study is therefore to develop a psychoeducational intervention based on a current evidence-based explanatory model, to examine its feasibility and form the basis for a large-scale randomised controlled trial.Methods and analysisIn a randomised controlled mixed-methods pilot trial, 75 adult psychosomatic outpatients with PSS (duration of symptoms ≥6 months) and accompanying psychological (Somatic Symptom B-Criteria Scale total score ≥18) and somatic symptom burden (Patient Health Questionnaire-15 score >10) and no prior psychosomatic treatment will be eligible. Participants will be presented with either the explanatory model without (intervention group 1, n=25) or with elements of personalisation (intervention group 2, n=25). Participants in the control group (n=25) will receive information on current PSS guidelines. Participants will be blinded to group assignment and interventions will be shown on tablet computers at the outpatient clinic. After 1 month, qualitative follow-up telephone interviews will be conducted. As primary outcomes, mean changes in psychological and somatic symptom burden will quantitatively be compared between groups, respectively. Behavioural change mechanisms and feasibility of the three interventions will be evaluated using quantitative and qualitative measures.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval has been granted by the medical ethics board of the Hamburg Medical Chamber (PV5653). Results from this study will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at national and international conferences.Trial registration numberDRKS00018803.
Prevalence of liver fibrosis and associated risk factors in the Korean general population: a retrospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Nah Eun-Hee , Cho Seon , Kim Suyoung , Chu Jieun , Kwon Eunjoo , Cho Han-Ik 
Published: March 2021

ObjectivesThe health burden of chronic liver disease is increasing worldwide. Its main histological consequence is liver fibrosis, and eventually cirrhosis. This process is rarely diagnosed at the pre-cirrhotic stage due to it being asymptomatic. Little is known about the prevalence of liver fibrosis and associated risk factors in the general population. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence and distribution of liver fibrosis using magnetic resonance elastography (MRE), as well as the risk factors associated with liver fibrosis in the asymptomatic general population.Design, setting and participantsThis cross-sectional retrospective study consecutively selected subjects who underwent health check-ups including MRE at 13 health promotion centres in Korea between 2018 and 2020. Liver fibrosis was estimated using MRE with cut-off values for significant and advanced liver fibrosis of 2.90 and 3.60 kPa, respectively.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe Χ2 test was used to compare the prevalence of liver fibrosis according to sex and age groups. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the factors for significant and advanced liver fibrosis.ResultsAmong the 8183 subjects, 778 (9.5%) had ≥significant fibrosis (≥2.9 kPa), which included 214 (2.6%) subjects with ≥advanced fibrosis (≥3.6 kPa). Multivariable analysis revealed that liver fibrosis was associated with age (OR=1.34, 95% CI=1.18 to 1.51), male sex (OR=3.18, 95% CI=1.97 to 5.13), diabetes (OR=2.43, 95% CI=1.8 to 3.28), HBsAg positivity (OR=3.49, 95% CI=2.55 to 4.79), abnormal liver function test (OR=1.9, 95% CI=1.49 to 2.42) and obesity (OR=1.77, 95% CI=1.35 to 2.32) (all p<0.001), as well as metabolic syndrome (OR=1.4, 95% CI=1.05 to 1.87) (p=0.024).ConclusionsThe prevalence of significant or more liver fibrosis was high in the Korean general population and much higher among individuals with risk factors. This suggests that screening of liver fibrosis should be considered in general population, especially among high-risk groups.