bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiyear CO2 elevation improves PSII efficiency in a japonica rice cultivar
Authors: Lv Chunhua , Huang Yao , Yang Kai , Yang Jingrui , Cao Peipei , Hu Zhenghua , Sun Wenjuan , Yu Lingfei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractResponses of crop photosystem activity to the short‐term elevation of carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]) have been studied extensively. However, long‐term effects of elevated [CO2] (e[CO2]) over multiple cropping generations have received little attention. Using open‐top chambers (OTCs), we set up ambient [CO2] (CK) and two multigeneration e[CO2] treatments during rice (Oryza sativa L.) growing seasons in 2016–2019: a stepwise increase (SI) up to +160 μmol mol−1 in 2019 and a constant increase (CI) of +200 μmol mol−1 above CK over four generations. Beginning in 2017, grains harvested from the previous year in different [CO2] treatments were used as seeds. Seedlings derived from CK OTCs in 2018 were transplanted into both SI and CI OTCs in 2019 to simulate single‐generation abrupt elevation of [CO2]. We measured the diurnal changes in photosystem II (PSII) functionality of leaves in 2019. Single‐generation elevation of [CO2] had no effects on PSII efficiency. However, a stepwise increase of [CO2] over four generations significantly enhanced predawn maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm), the efficiency that trapped exciton moves an electron beyond QA− (ψo), and the quantum yield of electron transport (φEo) in PSII at jointing stage. The constant increase of [CO2] over four generations dramatically improved predawn Fv/Fm, ψo, φEo, perform index, and reaction center at grain‐filling stage. Moreover, the multigeneration elevation of [CO2] weakened the depression of Fv/Fm relative to single‐generation elevation at midday. All of these results indicated that e[CO2] had transgenerational effects on PSII functionality.
Energy optimization of internet of things in wireless sensor network models using type‐2 fuzzy neural systems
Authors: Rasi Durairajan , Deepa Subramaniam Nachimuthu 
Published: September 2021

SummaryIn this paper, type‐2 fuzzy logic design is employed to find the weight values of the radial basis function (RBF) neural network model, and thereby, the trained RBF neural network (RBFNN) model is intended to perform network energy optimization of the cloud‐assisted internet of things in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). RBF neural model comes under the class of feed forward neural network architecture and is a network with better generalization capability. RBFNN employs Gaussian activation function to determine the output of the network and the special feature of this activation function is that it follows a normal probability density function; hence it is a continuous activation function and provides better solutions than the other discrete activation functions. Due to which, in this work RBFNN is employed to determine network energy and to increase the life time of the network by selecting best cluster heads and also the network route. In RBFNN modelling, basically, the weights are initialized in a random manner, and this random initialization of weights at time results in the occurrences of global and local minima. The weights are tuned for their optimal values using type‐2 fuzzy model due to their capability of handling uncertainties, and since this problem of identifying optimal weight values of RBF neural model possesses highest level of uncertainties, type‐2 fuzzy system is applied here. Simulation process is done, and the results prove the effectiveness of the proposed approach in comparison with that of the existing approaches from previous literatures for the energy optimization problem.
Cognitive profiles of patients with mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's versus Parkinson's disease defined using a base rate approach: Implications for neuropsychological assessments
Authors: Ophey Anja , Wolfsgruber Steffen , Roeske Sandra , Polcher Alexandra , Spottke Annika , Frölich Lutz , Hüll Michael , Jessen Frank , Kornhuber Johannes , Maier Wolfgang , Peters Oliver , Ramirez Alfredo , Wiltfang Jens , Liepelt‐Scarfone Inga , Becker Sara , Berg Daniela , Schulz Jörg B. , Reetz Kathrin , Wojtala Jennifer , Kassubek Jan , Storch Alexander , Balzer‐Geldsetzer Monika , Hilker‐Roggendorf Rüdiger , Witt Karsten , Mollenhauer Brit , Trenkwalder Claudia , Wittchen Hans‐Ullrich , Riedel Oliver , Dodel Richard , Wagner Michael , Kalbe Elke 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionLarge studies on cognitive profiles of patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to Alzheimer's disease (AD‐MCI) compared to Parkinson's disease (PD‐MCI) are rare.MethodsData from two multicenter cohort studies in AD and PD were merged using a unified base rate approach for the MCI diagnosis. Cognitive profiles were compared using scores derived from the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease battery.ResultsPatients with AD‐MCI showed lower standardized scores on all memory test scores and a language test. Patients with PD‐MCI showed lower standardized scores in a set‐shifting measure as an executive task. A cross‐validated logistic regression with test scores as predictors was able to classify 72% of patients correctly to AD‐MCI versus PD‐MCI.DiscussionThe applied test battery successfully discriminated between AD‐MCI and PD‐MCI. Neuropsychological test batteries in clinical practice should always include a broad spectrum of cognitive domains to capture any cognitive changes.
The Cognitive Online Self‐Test Amsterdam (COST‐A): Establishing norm scores in a community‐dwelling population
Authors: Visser Leonie N.C. , Dubbelman Mark A. , Verrijp Merike , Wanders Lisa , Pelt Sophie , Zwan Marissa D. , Thijssen Dick H.J. , Wouters Hans , Sikkes Sietske A.M. , van Hout Hein P.J. , van der Flier Wiesje M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundHeightened public awareness about Alzheimer's disease and dementia increases the need for at‐home cognitive self‐testing. We offered Cognitive Online Self‐Test Amsterdam (COST‐A) to independent groups of cognitively normal adults and investigated the robustness of a norm‐score formula and cutoff.MethodsThree thousand eighty‐eight participants (mean age ± standard deviation = 61 ± 12 years, 70% female) completed COST‐A and evaluated it. Demographically adjusted norm scores were the difference between expected COST‐A scores, based on age, gender, and education, and actual scores. We applied the resulting norm‐score formula to two independent cohorts.ResultsParticipants evaluated COST‐A to be of adequate difficulty and duration. Our norm‐score formula was shown to be robust: ≈8% of participants in two cognitively normal cohorts had abnormal scores. A cutoff of ‐1.5 standard deviations proved optimal for distinguishing normal from impaired cognition.ConclusionWith robust norm scores, COST‐A is a promising new tool for research and clinical practice, providing low cost and minimally invasive remote assessment of cognitive functioning.
Infant physiological activity and the early emergence of social communication
Authors: Bradshaw Jessica , Abney Drew H. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEarly in life, social engagement is facilitated by effective regulation during times of rest and stress. Physiological regulation during social play and in response to sudden environmental changes or social stressors may play an important role in sustaining social engagement in infancy and facilitate the acquisition of early social‐communication skills. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of physiological activity during social play, including respiratory sinus arrhythsmia (RSA) and heart rate‐defined attention, in the early emergence of social‐communication skills. Using RSA as an index of vagal tone, we measured vagal tone, vagal suppression, and heart rate‐defined sustained attention during a social interaction with a caregiver (i.e., the Still‐Face procedure) in 21 infants aged 3–4 months. At 9 months, caregivers reported on their infant's early social‐communication skills. Results suggest that RSA, RSA suppression, and heart rate‐defined sustained attention to a caregiver are significantly associated with early‐emerging social‐communication skills at 9 months. In addition, RSA and heart rate‐defined sustained attention during social play were highly related. Suppression of RSA during the Still‐Face phase of the infant–caregiver interaction emerged as a particularly strong predictor of later‐developing social‐communication skills, including 9‐month‐olds’ ability to use eye gaze, facial expression, and gestures to communicate.
Practice and proficiency: Factors that facilitate infant walking skill
Authors: Hospodar Christina M. , Hoch Justine E. , Lee Do Kyeong , Shrout Patrick E. , Adolph Karen E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractInfant walking skill improves with practice—crudely estimated by elapsed time since walk onset. However, despite the robust relation between elapsed time (months walking) and skill, practice is likely constrained and facilitated by infants’ home environments, sociodemographic influences, and spontaneous activity. Individual pathways are tremendously diverse in the timing of walk onset and the trajectory of improvement, and presumably, in the amount and type of practice. So, what factors affect the development of walking skill? We examined the role of months walking, walk onset age, spontaneous locomotor activity, body dimensions, and environmental factors on the development of walking skill in two sociodemographically distinct samples (ns = 38 and 44) of 13‐, 15‐, and 19‐month‐old infants. Months walking best predicted how well infants walked, but environmental factors and spontaneous activity explained additional variance in walking skill. Specifically, less crowded homes, a larger percentage of time in spontaneous walking, and a smaller percentage of short walking bouts predicted more mature walking. Walk onset age differed by sample but did not affect walking skill. Findings indicate that elapsed time since walk onset remains a robust predictor of walking skill, but environmental factors and spontaneous activity also contribute to infants’ practice, thereby affecting walking skill.
Children's planning of efficient tool use in a social context
Authors: Jovanovic Bianca , Bezold Lukas , Schwarzer Gudrun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEfficient joint action requires that we anticipate situational demands both regarding our own and another person's perspective, and adapt our actions accordingly. Accordingly, when handing over a tool somebody else, it is advantageous to anticipate our future hand orientation (motor imagery), as well as the future orientation of the tool (mental rotation) relative to the other person, in order to make the transfer as smooth and efficient as possible. Furthermore, familiarity with specific tools might facilitate planning. We tested thirty‐two 5.5‐ to 7‐year‐old children on a tool transfer task, asking if they consider another person's comfort when handing over different tools, and whether tool familiarity, motor imagery, and mental rotation are related to their grip choices. We compared the children's performance to that of an adult control group. Besides a rather low performance on the transfer task, we found differences in children's consideration of another person's comfort related to the specific tools they interacted with. Specifically, the unfamiliar tool (a bar) was transferred more efficiently than the familiar tools (hammer/brush). In addition, the results suggest a relation between children's consideration of another person's comfort and their mental rotation score, but no relation with their motor imagery score.
Bridging the gap between commercial fisheries and survey data to model the spatiotemporal dynamics of marine species
Authors: Rufener Marie‐Christine , Kristensen Kasper , Nielsen J. Rasmus , Bastardie Francois 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMonitoring and assessment of natural resources often require inputs from multiple data sources. In fisheries science, for example, the inference of a species’ abundance distribution relies on two main data sources, namely commercial fisheries and scientific survey data. Despite efforts to combine these data into an integrated statistical model, their coupling is frequently hampered due to differences in their sampling designs, which imposes distinct bias sources in the estimator of the abundance distribution. We developed a flexible species distribution model (SDM) that can integrate both data sources while filtering out their relative bias contributions. We applied the model on three different age groups of the western Baltic cod stock. For each age group, we tested the model on (1) survey data and (2) integrated data (survey + commercial) as a means to compare their differences and investigate how the inclusion of commercial fisheries data improved the spatiotemporal abundance estimator and parameter estimates. Moreover, we proposed a novel validation approach to evaluate whether the inclusion of commercial fisheries data in the integrated model is not in direct contradiction with the survey data. Following our approach, the results indicated that the use of commercial fisheries data is suitable for the integrated model. Across all age groups, our results demonstrated how commercial fisheries supplied additional information on cod’s spatiotemporal abundance dynamics, highlighting sometimes abundance hot spots that were not detected by the survey model alone. Additionally, the integrated model provided a reduction of up to 20% and 10% in the uncertainty (SE) of the predicted abundance fields and fixed‐effect parameters, respectively. The proposed model represents thus a valuable benchmark for evaluating spatiotemporal dynamics of fish, and strengthens the science‐based advice for marine policymakers.
For flux's sake: General considerations for energy‐flux calculations in ecological communities
Authors: Jochum Malte , Barnes Andrew D. , Brose Ulrich , Gauzens Benoit , Sünnemann Marie , Amyntas Angelos , Eisenhauer Nico 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGlobal change alters ecological communities with consequences for ecosystem processes. Such processes and functions are a central aspect of ecological research and vital to understanding and mitigating the consequences of global change, but also those of other drivers of change in organism communities. In this context, the concept of energy flux through trophic networks integrates food‐web theory and biodiversity‐ecosystem functioning theory and connects biodiversity to multitrophic ecosystem functioning. As such, the energy‐flux approach is a strikingly effective tool to answer central questions in ecology and global‐change research. This might seem straight forward, given that the theoretical background and software to efficiently calculate energy flux are readily available. However, the implementation of such calculations is not always straight forward, especially for those who are new to the topic and not familiar with concepts central to this line of research, such as food‐web theory or metabolic theory. To facilitate wider use of energy flux in ecological research, we thus provide a guide to adopting energy‐flux calculations for people new to the method, struggling with its implementation, or simply looking for background reading, important resources, and standard solutions to the problems everyone faces when starting to quantify energy fluxes for their community data. First, we introduce energy flux and its use in community and ecosystem ecology. Then, we provide a comprehensive explanation of the single steps towards calculating energy flux for community data. Finally, we discuss remaining challenges and exciting research frontiers for future energy‐flux research.
In the eye of the beholder: Is color classification consistent among human observers?
Authors: Valenta Kim , Bornbusch Sally L. , Jacques Yan‐Daniel , Nevo Omer 
Published: September 2021

AbstractColorful displays have evolved in multiple plant and animal species as signals to mutualists, antagonists, competitors, mates, and other potential receivers. Studies of color have long relied on subjective classifications of color by human observers. However, humans have a limited ability to perceive color compared to other animals, and human biological, cultural, and environmental variables can influence color perception. Here, we test the consistency of human color classification using fruit color as a model system. We used reflectance data of 67 tropical fruits and surveyed 786 participants to assess the degree to which (a) participants of different cultural and linguistic backgrounds agree on color classification of fruits; and (b) human classification to a discrete set of commonly used colors (e.g., red, blue, green) corresponds to natural clusters based on light reflectance measures processed through visual systems of other animals. We find that individual humans tend to agree on the colors they attribute to fruits across language groups. However, these colors do not correspond to clearly discernible clusters in di‐ or tetrachromatic visual systems. These results indicate that subjective color categorizations tend to be consistent among observers and can be used for large synthetic studies, but also that they do not fully reflect natural categories that are relevant to animal observers.
Ornithogenic vegetation: How significant has the seabird influence been on the Aleutian Island vegetation during the Holocene?
Authors: Smyshlyaeva Olesya Igorevna , Severova Elena Erastovna , Krylovich Olga Aleksandrovna , Kuzmicheva Evgeniya Andreevna , Savinetsky Arkady Borisovich , Dixie West , Hatfield Virginia 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn the Aleutian Islands during the Holocene, terrestrial predators were actually absent; as a result, large seabird colonies thrived along the coasts or across entire islands. Bird guano enriches the soil with nitrogen, which can lead to the formation of highly modified ornithogenic (bird‐formed) ecosystems. For a more detailed investigation of avian influence, we reconstructed more than 10,000‐year‐old vegetation dynamics of the coast of Shemya Island (Near Islands) by pollen analysis. At the initial stages of vegetation development (10,000–4,600 cal year BP), sedge–heather tundra grew in the studied area. A seabird colony existed on Shemya from 4,600 to 2,400 cal year BP according to stable isotope analysis. During a period of at least 2,200 years, nitrogen enrichment led to the development of ornithogenic herb meadows with a high presence of Apiaceae. A long‐term increase in δ15N above 9–10‰ led to radical shifts in vegetation. Noticeable reduction of seabird colonies due to human hunting led to grass‐meadows spreading. After a prolonged decrease δ15N below 9–10‰ (2,400 cal year BP to present), there was a shift toward less productive sedge‐tundra communities. However, the significant enrichment of guano affected only the coastal vegetation and did not alter the inland Shemya Island.
HFA of the ESC Position paper on the management of LVAD supported patients for the non LVAD specialist healthcare provider Part 1: Introduction and at the non‐hospital settings in the community
Authors: Ben Avraham Binyamin , Crespo‐Leiro Marisa Generosa , Filippatos Gerasimos , Gotsman Israel , Seferovic Petar , Hasin Tal , Potena Luciano , Milicic Davor , Coats Andrew J.S. , Rosano Giuseppe , Ruschitzka Frank , Metra Marco , Anker Stefan , Altenberger Johann , Adamopoulos Stamatis , Barac Yaron D. , Chioncel Ovidiu , De Jonge Nicolaas , Elliston Jeremy , Frigeiro Maria , Goncalvesova Eva , Grupper Avishay , Hamdan Righab , Hammer Yoav , Hill Loreena , Itzhaki Ben Zadok Osnat , Abuhazira Miriam , Lavee Jacob , Mullens Wilfried , Nalbantgil Sanemn , Piepoli Massimo F. , Ponikowski Piotr , Ristic Arsen , Ruhparwar Arjang , Shaul Aviv , Tops Laurens F. , Tsui Steven , Winnik Stephan , Jaarsma Tiny , Gustafsson Finn , Ben Gal Tuvia 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe accepted use of left ventricular assist device (LVAD) technology as a good alternative for the treatment of patients with advanced heart failure together with the improved survival of the LVAD‐supported patients on the device and the scarcity of donor hearts has significantly increased the population of LVAD‐supported patients. The expected and non‐expected device‐related and patient–device interaction complications impose a significant burden on the medical system exceeding the capacity of the LVAD implanting centres. The ageing of the LVAD‐supported patients, mainly those supported with the ‘destination therapy’ indication, increases the risk for those patients to experience comorbidities common in the older population. The probability of an LVAD‐supported patient presenting with medical emergency to a local emergency department, internal, or surgical ward of a non‐LVAD implanting centre is increasing. The purpose of this trilogy is to supply the immediate tools needed by the non‐LVAD specialized physician: ambulance clinicians, emergency ward physicians, general cardiologists, internists, anaesthesiologists, and surgeons, to comply with the medical needs of this fast‐growing population of LVAD‐supported patients. The different issues discussed will follow the patient's pathway from the ambulance to the emergency department and from the emergency department to the internal or surgical wards and eventually to the discharge home from the hospital back to the general practitioner. In this first part of the trilogy on the management of LVAD‐supported patients for the non‐LVAD specialist healthcare provider, after the introduction on the assist devices technology in general, definitions and structured approach to the assessment of the LVAD‐supported patient in the ambulance and emergency department is presented including cardiopulmonary resuscitation for LVAD‐supported patients.
The Impact of Ceria Loading on the CuOx−CeO2 Interaction and Performance of AuCu/CeO2−SiO2 Catalysts in CO‐PROX Reaction
Authors: Rodrigues Fiuza Tanna Elyn , Santos Gonçalves Danielle , Zanchet Daniela 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe use of CeO2 as a promoter for non‐reducible supports, such as SiO2, enhances the catalytic activity by facilitating the activation of species such as O2 and H2O. However, in the case of the bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs), the presence of promoters may also influence the migration of the metallic species, dramatically impacting the stabilization of catalytic sites and as consequence, the overall catalytic performance. In the case of AuCu alloy supported catalysts, the reduced form, i. e., AuCu alloy, or the oxidized form, i. e., Au−CuOx species, present different activities/selectivities. Moreover, several parameters, such as reactional conditions, AuCu particle size, support nature, and pretreatments dictate which species are stabilized on the catalyst surface. The preferential oxidation of CO (CO‐PROX) reaction, that takes place under the H2‐rich stream, favors the stabilization of the reduced form of the AuCu catalysts. However, the Cu distribution in the crystal lattice and the final composition of the AuCu NPs are dependent on the mobility of the Cu species on the support. In this work, we show that the loading of the CeO2 as a promotor in AuCu/SiO2 catalysts impacts the CeOx species and the Cu reincorporation into the Au lattice and consequently, the activity and stability of the catalysts under CO‐PROX reaction.