bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and Evaluation of Homogeneously Mixed Dielectric Antireflection Coatings with ZEMAX
Authors: Rashid Hayfa G , Mishjil Khudheir A , Hassim Hussian T. , Algaffar Alaa N. Abd , Habubi Nadir F 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Mixed dielectric films of ZnS and MgF2 have been modeled in IR (3μm) band to reduce a reflectance from ZnS substrate which is around 14%. Reflectance value are enhanced starting from a mixed quarter single layer, double and triple layer as innermost and intermediate layers (quarter-quarter-quarter) and (quarter-half –quarter) ARC’s. The designed layers are optimized with Zemax-EE operand to reach the target by varying their thickness and refractive indices simultaneously . The analysis has shown that the proposed mixing multilayer construction are very effective in enhancing the transmittance for ZnS.
Solar PV Modelling and Parameter Extraction Using Iterative Algorithms
Authors: Rasheed Mohammed , Al-Darraji Mustafa Nuhad , Shihab Suha , Rashid Ahmed , Rashid Taha 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn the present work, improvement of Newton’s method with high order convergence has been suggested. This improvement is based on Two-Point Bracketing method. The proposed method Inverse Quadratic Interpolation method requires two steps per iteration. By means of the numerical equation of the one diode model of PV equivalent circuit, included five values of R from 1 to 5 ohms (load resistance of the circuit). The results obtained explain that the new suggested technique is easy to use, more accurate and efficient than other numerical methods are presented here.
Estimation of the annual effective doses from direct ingestion of 226Ra and 228Ra in the Disi groundwater for different age groups
Authors: Al-Bedri Mohammed B H 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The total annual effective doses (TAED) from ingestion of naturally occurring radionuclides (NOR) in Disi groundwater for infants, children, and adults have been calculated,The ranges of the estimated annual effective dose reported in this study from direct ingestion of radium (226Ra and 228Ra) were found to be from 0.085±0.021 to 0.532±0.205 mSv y–1, with a mean value of 0.322 ± 0.095 mSv y–1 for infants, from 0.144±0.011 to 0.828±0.203 mSv y–1, with a mean value of 0.519 ± 0.102 mSv y–1 for children and from 0.087±0.024 to 0.383±0.130 mSv y–1, with a mean value of 0.252 ± 0.067 mSv y–1 for adults. The present results of this study were compared with the minimum recommended limits (MRL) reported by the World Health Organization (WHO, 2008) and the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP, 2000), and the previously published data in different countries. The mean annual effective dose from direct consumption of Disi groundwater for infants and adults found to be about three times higher than the MRL of 0.1 mSv/y suggested by WHO, 2008. The average TAED for children found to be five times higher than that recommended limits by WHO, 2008.
Distributive Rings and Some Domains
Authors: Moteea Shahad Mohammed , Mahmood Muthana A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
: In this paper, we study many relationships about Distributive ring and other domain such as Dedekind domain and Noetherian domain. We prove if any divisible module over a ring T, then T is Distributive ring. Also we satisfy if T is invariant ring have multiplication ideal this imply T is a Distributive ring. Finally, we study strongly duo ring and related to Distributive ring.
Comparative Study of the Structural Properties for Thin and Thick ZnO Films Deposited on PPC Plastic Substrates
Authors: Jandow N. N. , Abbas A.A. , Mohammed Kh. G. , Habubi N. F. , Yam F.K. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
ZnO films with various thicknesses (0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1 and 1.3 μm) had been prepared on PPC plastic bases by using DC sputtering. XRD results showed that all the films displayed principally ZnO (002) peak at 2θ = 34.115°, 34.01, 34.16, 34.07 and 34.12° with FWHM of 0.41°, 0.34, 0.27, 0.21 and 0.368° respectively, which is coincide with wurtzite hexagonal phase, indicated that films were preferentially grown along c-axis. XRD results also showed that the lattice constant and the crystallite size for the deposited thin films became larger than those for the thick film 1.3 μm; while the stress and microstrain increased for the thick films.
Water Pollution Fiber Sensor Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance Technique; Implementation and Characterization
Authors: Ibrahim Maher Khaleel , Kadhim Shehab A. , Fawaz Nabeil Ibrahim 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this work, a single fiber optic fiber was developed as a water pollution sensor based on the Surface Plasmon Resonance Phenomenon based upon the Mach - Zehender Interferometry (MZI) technology. The sensor submitted was developed to detect water pollutants. The SPR sensors were prepared by coating a golden metallic film which thickness 42 nm on a chemically etched single-mode fiber with a thickness of 20 micrometers, which achieved the best results of sensitivity to water pollution, the results of the high sensitivity of the optical fiber sensor were obtained based on the surface plasmon resonance phenomenon. The experimental results showed high sensitivity, reaching 1315 pm/mol.l−1 for a salty solution with distilled water, 1705 pm/mol.l−1 for the salty solution with tap water, as well as 2222 pm/mol.l−1 for sugar solution with distilled water, and 1925 pm/mol.l−1 for sugar solution with tap water. This means that these sensors which are based on SPR could be very useful in the field of water pollution detection.
Some Classes Of Analytic Functions For The Third Hankel Determinant
Authors: Hameed Mustafa I. , Ali Muna H. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe investigated the Hankel determinantH3(1) for functionals in the analytic function class and obtained the sharp bound for the third Hankel determinant|e3e5−e42|for a subclass of analytic functions in this paper.
Study of the effect of Ultraviolet UV-induced oxidative stress in male white rats (Rattus rattus)
Authors: Al-khateeb Su’adod Osama , Khalil Omar Karim , Salam Marwan Ahmed Abdel , Razzaq Rehab Hatem Abdel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe present study was designed to investigate some of the physiological effects in the blood of white male rats exposed to oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide in drinking water at a concentration of 0.5% for a period of 50 days and to compare it with the group exposed to ultraviolet rays at a rate of 6 watts per candle for a period of 50 daysFirst:-The results showed a significant increase (P≤0.05)in the group of rats exposed to radiation in the group of ultraviolet rays (18 watts) UV3 and hydrogen peroxide both when compared with the control group. In radical Peroxy nitrite level and in total white blood cell count and for both Ly % and GR%. The results also showed a significant increase (P≤0.05) in the level of glucose.Second:-There was a significant decrease at a significant level (P≤0.05)in the level of glutathione in the group of rats exposed to UV3 radiation and the hydrogen peroxide group alike when compared with the control group, with a significant decrease at a significant level of (P≤0.05)in the activity of the enzyme glutathione. Glutathione peroxidase and a significant decrease (P≤0.05)in the volume of packed blood cells, the hemoglobin value, the red blood cell count, and the platelet value, with a significant decrease of MO..%Third:-The occurrence of signs of blurred vision in the eyes of the ultraviolet rays group with a strength (3 candles) in addition to the darkening of the tail in a clear and striking way and the lack of movement and activity compared to the hydrogen peroxide group and the rays group, the strength of one candle.
Using a New Modification of Trust Region Spectral (TRS) Approach to Solve Optimization Problems
Authors: Mueen Hussain Ali , Shiker Mushtak A.K. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A trust-region spectral (TRS) technique is important strategy to solve optimization problems. In this work, a new modification of (TRS) is introduced by using a new trust-region radius (TRR). We proved the global convergence of the new algorithm. The numerical experiment were made by comparing the proposed algorithm with famous algorithms depending on the number of iterations, time required to find the solution and functions evaluation. Based on these results, we can conclude that the proposed algorithm is better than the three algorithms that were compared with.
Neural Network Based Home Energy Management for Modelling and Controlling Home Appliances under Demand Response
Authors: Abdullah Afiaa Najm , Mutlag Ammar Hussein , Ahmed Maytham S 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Nowadays, the consumption of homes is around 40% of the total world consumption. Furthermore, 21% of the total greenhouse gas emissions are produced by homes. The emergence of smart grids has presented new opportunities for home energy management (HEM) systems for the purpose of reducing energy in the residential sector. Demand response (DR) tool that curtails and shifts demand to enhance the consumption of energy at home. It usually creates optimal schedules for energy consumption by considering load profiles, the cost of energy, level of comfort people, and environmental concerns. The deployment of smart meters, it is possible to control the load by using HEM system with demand response (DR) enabled appliances. Without a proper system, it is difficult to efficiently control the energy in houses. In this work, a Neural Network technique as a controller to control the energy in the building with DR strategy is developed to control and reduce peak demand load. Reduce the electricity cost and power consumption for the appliances while maintaining customer comfort is the motivation of this work. The electrical appliance such as air conditioning (AC), electric water heater (WH), washing machine (WM), and refrigerator (RF) were modeled using the Matlab program. The designed model can make an accurate decision in scheduling and shifting the operation of the electrical appliance at the peak time by scheduling the s domestic household at a specific time with no affecting the customer’s preference.
A New Technique for Finding the Optimal Solution to Assignment Problems with Maximization Objective Function
Authors: Kadhim Haleemah Jawad , Shiker Mushtak A. K. , Al-Dallal Hussein A H 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The assignment problems (AP) are an important part of linear programming problems (LPP) that deal with the allocation of different resources for different activities based on one to one. The assignment problem is established in a variety positions when decision makers need to determine the optimal allocation and this means assigning only one task to one person to achieve maximum profits or imports or achieve less time or less cost based on the type of problem. In this work, a new technique has been provided to find an optimal solution for the assignment problems of maximization objective function. Comparing the proposed technique results with the Hungarian method indicates that the new technique has easier and less steps to find the optimal solution and thus the time is reduced and the effort is largely reduced.
Text Steganography in Image depending on Radon _ Barker code Transforms
Authors: Jabbar Rafal Fadhil , Jumah Al-Thahab Osama Qassim 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
- With the widespread usage of the internet around the world, both public and private data are now widely disseminated on the internet. The security of these online records is a pressing issue that must be addressed immediately. Text watermarking is a technique for adding watermarks to text documents to help preserve their authenticity and credibility. For many years, text watermarking has been a hot topic of research. This paper describes a new method for embedding text in a picture that uses a radon transform-based Barker code to make the device more reliable and ensure that the text is returned without error. The main advantages of this research are the high security and the big capacity of data to be hiding since the use of radon transform is very helpful in extracting the data. All the image noise does not effect on the stego-image except the paper and salt noise effect on Root Mean Square (RMS) since its value is 0.274 and contract enhancement effect on RMS and Mean Square Error (MSE) by the values 0.586 and 0.343 respectively. Also the SSIM value is very acceptable since there is an obvious similarity between the original image and the stego-image (after stegonagraphy process).
The impact of deposition time on the morphological and structural characteristics of silver nanoparticles using the DC sputtering process
Authors: Awad Hind Dhari , Abd Algaffar Alaa Nazar , Khalaf Mohammed Khamas 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Silver nanoparticles were prepared on glass substrates at room temperature using four different deposition times (10, 15, 20, and 25 minutes). The dc magnetron sputtering technique is used to prepare the surface, with thicknesses of (30, 40, 50, and 60) nm, respectively. The effect of deposition times on the microstructure and morphology of the surface of deposited thin films was examined. Moreover, X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and atomic force microscopy were used to examine the structural properties and morphological characterization of sputtered films. Parameters such as crystallite size are also measured. The research indicates that the XRD pattern has a polycrystalline structure with a preference for orientation along the (111) axis. The AFM images confirmed that the thin films shaped uniformly distributed spherical particles (in terms of size). Finally, increasing the film thickness causes the average surface roughness of the films to increase between (2.6-11.6) nm.
Potential of Fuzzy Methodology for Investigation in Nanofluids Heat Transfer
Authors: Mutlag Sattar A. , Abed Kadhum A. , Abdllah Al-janabi Abdulsattar A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the Fuzzy Nanofluid Model (FNFM) used to develop a fuzzy analysis investigation on heat transfer optimal performance at different Nanofluids flow rate. The fuzzy Nanofluid model is applied to examine the effects of heat transfer parameters on heat transfer performance. Silicon Oxide SiO2 Nanofluid is used to explain their effects on heat transfer by two methods traditional and fuzzy (with two shapes of member ship function triangular and trapezoidal). This study evaluates the effects of nanoparticles SiO2 with different value of particle concentration PC (0.0-4.0%) using the water as a base fluid. This investigation covers a Reynolds number (Re) in the range of (100-500) as a flow rate (FR) for laminar flow. The main objective of present research, first one, compared a developed FNFM model with traditional model (TM) and determines how fuzzy model plays a significant role in prediction of Heat Transfer performance. Second one, to provide developed methodology for performance evaluation of heat transfer by connecting more than one parameter to a single output which is invaluable supplements relative to classical models. Third one, a developed FNFM can be used as a help tool for decision making to get the best judge (optimum) the performance of any system. The results of fuzzy model showed the heat transfer of SiO2/H2O Nanofluids significantly increased the PC compared with the increase in FR. However, however, using this method, there will be no need to resort to solving complex equations to arrive at a representation of the performance of any system. Finally, the study shows that fuzzy model plays significant role in prediction of heat transfer investigation without the complexity of mathematical tradition models. The correlations coefficients R2 between TM and FNFM models for heat transfer coefficient (0.97) and the average relative error (ε) is ((4.4%). FNFM models can predict heat transfer characteristics with higher accuracy than that of the traditional model.
Method for Analyzing the Problem of Determining the Dynamics of Changes in the Structures of Temporal Directed Tree
Authors: Ibrahim Ali Rashid 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Problem determining the dynamics of changes in the structures of temporal directed tree is one of the central problems of graph dynamics, i.e. the changes in the similarity of temporal directed tree structures, which is the subject of this research. Two types of problems associated with determining the distance or similarity index for a pair of structures of temporal directed tree are identified. A method for solving these problems is proposed, and example of solution is given.
Investigation of third order nonlinearity of Ethidium bromide doped deoxyribonucleic acid) DNA)
Authors: Fakher Alfahed R. K. , Badran Hussain Ali , Abbas Abu Talib Y. , Saleh Noor Al-Huda 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The concentrations-dependent refractive index n
2 and the nonlinear absorption coefficient β of Ethidium bromide dye-doped deoxyribonucleic acid (biological polymer DNA) solutions in the SDL regime at 532 nm are reported. The Z-scan technique was performed in two ways and two different wavelengths, 532nm and 473nm, the open aperture technique and the closed aperture technique. From open aperture Z-scan measurements it is found that the Ethidium bromide doped deoxyribonucleic acid films exhibited reverse saturable absorption. The coefficient of nonlinear refraction and nonlinear absorption coefficient at 473nm wavelength is greater than at 532nm.
Operations Research for Supply chain management – An Overview of Issue and Contributions
Authors: Amulu Priya S , Maheswari V , Balaji V. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The Logistics and Production Network Administration agrees that this is a mandatory research area, although there are some written reviews and examinations on this field. Operations research, which is also known as ‘Science of Better’ deals with mathematical models in order to take better decisions with better alternative options. A review of chronological progresses in Supply Chain Management (SCM)and SC modeling is offered to provide an insight into the development and possibilities of SCM modeling. This article is set out to suggest some serious issues in SCM research by means of several reviews related to the policy of Operations Administration. This paper focuses on the reviewing of various mathematical models proposed and suggested for SCM and SC operations. The article intends to study and analyze journals, books and articles published from the most known and comprehensive international journal on operations management and logistics. The purpose of this work is to identify trends in the literature and identify strategic results, financial strictures, limitations and related issues in strategic planning and model chain design. Finally, certain guidelines and recommendations are provided for supporting future work in this area.
A secure public key cryptosystem based medical records using non-commutative group
Authors: Ramamoorthy A , Jayagowri P 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Tolerant records, including specialists’ conclusions of illnesses, hint of medicines and patients’ conditions, nursing activities, and assessment results from united wellbeing calling offices, are the main clinical records of patients in clinical frameworks. With understanding records, clinical staff can comprehend the whole clinical data of a patient so that, as indicated by the patient’s conditions, more exact analyses and more fitting top to bottom medicines can be given. By and by, in such a cutting-edge society with blasting data advances, customary paper-based understanding records have confronted a great deal of issues, for example, absence of uniform organizations, low information versatility, slow information move, indecipherable penmanship styles, tremendous and inadequate capacity space, trouble of preservation, being handily harmed, and low adaptability. In this article we propose new public key cryptosystem for securing medical record based on non-commutative group. The securities of our key exchange protocol based on hybrid of group root extraction problem and Conjugacy Search Problem in non-commutative group implement our key exchange protocol in special matrix group.
Gini Index Test Metric Based Collaborative Sensing of Spectrum for Cognitive Networks
Authors: Bharathy G T , Rajendran V , Bhavanisankari S , Balaji V 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The key confront for a cognitive radio network is to identify the presence of primary users consistently so as to curtail the intrusion to license approved communications. Consequently, sensing of spectrum is a main significant requisite of a cognitive network. Nevertheless, because of the ambiguity in the channel, local interpretations don’t provide a trustworthy solution and therefore collaboration is needed between the users. Collaborative spectrum sensing is a competent scheme to enhance the spectrum utility in wireless networks, which utilizes cooperation between multiple nodes to prevail over the inadequacy of single-node to improve the performance of detection. In this paper, a detailed investigation, simulation and comparative analysis of collaborative scheme for sensing the spectrum of cognitive networks based on Gini Index test metrics is done and the results are compared with various other detecting schemes. The simulation is accomplished by means of Matlab R2014 software.
An Efficient Cryptosystem Using Playfair Cipher Together With Graph Labeling Techniques
Authors: Deepa B , Maheswari V , Balaji V 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Cryptography is the branch of Discrete Mathematics which deals with the transmission of secret communications between intended parties without the knowledge of third party. Graph theory is the enchanting field if Mathematics that designate integers to edges and vertices through some established functions. In current scenario security of communication plays a crucial role in any telecommunication or network applications. In this paper we have proposed an efficient cryptosystem using play fair cipher together with graph labeling to safeguard our secret text from unauthorised persons. Here we employ the substitution cipher namely Play fair cipher for plaintext encryption and ourencrypted text in the form of Cipher Graph is forwarded to the receiver which on application of graph labeling yields our plaintext. Thus a fusion of the techniques Cryptography with Graph labeling provides ultimate security for secure transmission of data or information at various levels.
A conceptual rainfall-runoff mathematical model to simulate runoff using daily amount of rainfall for arid and semi-arid region
Authors: Shende Sheetal 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The structure of water resources needed long-term runoff. Because of the huge operating and maintenance costs of sites collecting large quantities of data, it is always a problem for developing countries. Data collection apart from these estimates of runoff from the river basin, irrigation schedules, flood control and dam design and other engineering structures have been very important to plan and manage. In hydrology, various models are available for understanding and predicting the Runoff process. The tank model is often favored for its simplicity among several conceptual precipitation runoff models. However, due to the calibration of too many parameters of the model, it requires a lot of time and effort to get better results. In fact, the price has gone up for product calibration. In this case, a new mathematical model is being developed to analyze the amount of runoff, which is rainfall. The paper illustrates the application of Ordinary Differential Equation the field of Mathematics which helps to relate the value of function itself for an unknown function of one or several variables.
Intuitionistic fuzzy stability results of additive functional equation by two different approaches
Authors: Tamilvanan K , Deepa B , Muthu selvi S , Prakash R , Sathish Kumar R 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this current work, we examine the Hyers-Ulam(H-U) stability results for a finite variable additive functional equation (Ref.[6]) in Intuitionistic Fuzzy Normed space(IFN-space) is discussed by means of direct and fixed point methods.