bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Scientometric Measurement of Interdisciplinarity and Diversity in the Research Portfolios of Chinese Universities
Authors: Zhang Lin , Leydesdorff Loet 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPurposeInterdisciplinarity is a hot topic in science and technology policy. However, the concept of interdisciplinarity is both abstract and complex, and therefore difficult to measure using a single indicator. A variety of metrics for measuring the diversity and interdisciplinarity of articles, journals, and fields have been proposed in the literature. In this article, we ask whether institutions can be ranked in terms of their (inter-)disciplinary diversity.Design/methodology/approachWe developed a software application (interd_vb.exe) that outputs the values of relevant diversity indicators for any document set or network structure. The software is made available, free to the public, online. The indicators it considers include the advanced diversity indicators Rao-Stirling (RS) diversity andDIV*, as well as standard measures of diversity, such as the Gini coefficient, Shannon entropy, and the Simpson Index. As an empirical demonstration of how the application works, we compared the research portfolios of 42 “Double First-Class” Chinese universities across Web of Science Subject Categories (WCs).FindingsThe empirical results suggest thatDIV*provides results that are more in line with one's intuitive impressions thanRS, particularly when the results are based on sample-dependent disparity measures. Furthermore, the scores for diversity are more consistent when based on a global disparity matrix than on a local map.Research limitations“Interdisciplinarity” can be operationalized as bibliographic coupling among (sets of) documents with references to disciplines. At the institutional level, however, diversity may also indicate comprehensiveness. Unlike impact (e.g. citation), diversity and interdisciplinarity are context-specific and therefore provide a second dimension to the evaluation.Policy or practical implicationsOperationalization and quantification make it necessary for analysts to make their choices and options clear. Although the equations used to calculate diversity are often mathematically transparent, the specification in terms of computer code helps the analyst to further precision in decisions. Although diversity is not necessarily a goal of universities, a high diversity score may inform potential policies concerning interdisciplinarity at the university level.Originality/valueThis article introduces a non-commercial online application to the public domain that allows researchers and policy analysts to measure “diversity” and “interdisciplinarity” using the various indicators as encompassing as possible for any document set or network structure (e.g. a network of co-authors). Insofar as we know, such a professional computing tool for evaluating data sets using diversity indicators has not yet been made available online.
Power Plant Cooperation In District Heating Considering Open Electricity Market
Authors: Oleksijs R. , Sauhats A. , Olekshii B. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The paper analyses the possibilities to form a coalition of several heat energy providers in order to participate in the district heating market considering the open electricity market. Cooperation would allow the participants to better dispatch the existing energy sources and would ensure higher total profit for the participants. The objective function for such a cooperation is provided. To optimise the operation of the coalition, mixed integer linear programming is used, considering constraints of different heating energy market participants and the need to fulfil heating energy balance. If any additional profit is made, it is shared between coalition participants according to the Shapley value, which grants interest for market participants to form the coalition. Case study based on historical hourly data is provided and numerical results are presented in the paper.
The Natural Gas as a Sustainable Fuel Atlernative in Latvia
Authors: Savickis J. , Ansone A. , Zemite L. , Bode I. , Jansons L. , Zeltins N. , Koposovs A. , Vempere L. , Dzelzitis E. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Despite various benefits that the natural gas mobility can provide, CNG (hereinafter – compressed natural gas) and LNG (hereinafter – liquified natural gas) filling infrastructure both in Latvia and the Baltic States as a whole is still at the stage of active development. As a result, the natural gas fuelled vehicle fleet comprises less than 1 % of all registered road vehicles in the Baltics, but, with regards to transport and climate policies of the European Union (hereinafter – the EU), it has a significant potential for further growth.
In order to estimate the perspectives of mobility of natural gas, including bioCNG and liquified biomethane (hereinafter – LBM), CNG has been chosen and analysed as a possible alternative fuel in Latvia with its environmental and economic benefits and payback distance for CNG vehicles compared to petrol and diesel cars. The review of various types of CNG filling stations is also presented, along with information on operating tax rates and currently registered vehicles divided by types of fuel in Latvia.
It was established that with the Latvian fuel price reference of the late 2020, exploitation of CNG-powered vehicle was by 24 % cheaper per kilometre in comparison with diesel and by 66 % cheaper in comparison with petrol vehicles. CNG vehicles have smaller operational taxes, since they are based on carbon dioxide (hereinafter – CO) emissions, which are lower for CNG-powered vehicles. Calculation results also indicate that CNG vehicle payback time may fall within the warrant period, if at least 57650 kilometres as an alternative to a petrol vehicle or 71 531 kilometres as an alternative to a diesel vehicle are driven by it.
The Natural Gas Supply of the Latvian Municipality during the Local Energy Crisis
Authors: Zemite L. , Nevercika E. , Jansons L. , Bode I. , Koposovs A. , Kondrahins N. , Jasevics A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Natural gas is an essential element of the Latvian and the Baltic energy portfolio, so its supply disruption can seriously affect the national economy and energy security of our country.
The article focuses on a basic case study of the natural gas supply to one of the Latvian municipalities, when the energy crisis is announced. It also marks potential vulnerabilities factors that may cause the natural gas supply shortages or disruption periods of different length for a wide spectrum of the Latvian natural gas consumers – starting with households and finishing with large industrial consumers and energy producers.
A legal framework analysis along with an emergency natural gas supply review has been proposed as well, taking into account the actual distribution of the natural gas consumption among the urban energy users, which can be compared with references included into the Cabinet of Ministers Regulation No. 312 “Procedures for the Supply of Energy Users and Sale of Heating Fuel during Declared Energy Crisis and in Case of Endangerment to the State” (hereinafter – Regulation 312).
The Creation of the Integrated Natural Gas Market in the Baltic Region and its Legal Implications
Authors: Zemite L. , Ansone A. , Jansons L. , Bode I. , Dzelzitis E. , Selickis A. , Romanovs A. , Vempere L. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A common natural gas market in the Baltic region, which is in operation since 1 January 2020, means a single entry–exit tariff system for the natural gas transmission among Finland, Estonia, Latvia, and a common Latvian–Estonian balancing zone. Finland joined the market with a separate balancing zone, certain rules, contracts, invoices and billing, with a decision for full integration to be taken not earlier than in 2022. Lithuania is not currently the common market participant, because it is not ready to join it with such revenue splitting conditions as Finland, Estonia and Latvia. But still common entry–exit tariff zone countries are actively working to find a viable solution for market expansion. Lithuania and other neighbouring Member States of the European Union (hereinafter – the EU), first and foremost, Poland, are welcome to join.
The creation of an integrated regional natural gas market in the Baltics in the long term will stimulate the interest of traders in the region, strengthen security of supply and improve market liquidity. Increased market competition, predictable prices in the long term, transparent tariffs, digital communication and customer-oriented business strategies are just a small part of benefits that will inevitably develop with time.
Analysis of the Role of the Latvian Natural Gas Network for the use of Future Energy Systems: Hydrogen from Res
Authors: Kleperis J. , Boss D. , Mezulis A. , Zemite L. , Lesnicenoks P. , Knoks A. , Dimanta I. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
As EU is steadily moving in the direction of emission reduction, each country must develop plans to decarbonise the transport and energy sectors. In Latvia, transport sector is one of the biggest emission sources. The heating applications come next. Both require carbon containing fuels and a transfer to carbon neutral fuel is necessary; therefore, hydrogen may be the answer to achieve the overall EU targets. As Latvia has renewable energy sources, some production, storage and use of hydrogen are possible. Currently clear guidelines for Latvia have been investigated. The existing natural gas network may be used for two tasks: large-scale hydrogen transportation and decarbonisation of natural gas network. To open the natural gas networks for hydrogen, the first evaluations are made and a possible scenario for hydrogen implementation in network supplying consumers in the household sector is analysed to evaluate decarbonisation with an overarching goal of carbon neutrality.
Occupational Risk Management at Production Plants in Poland during the Covid-19 Epidemic
Authors: Nowacki Krzysztof , Grabowska Sandra , Łakomy Karolina , Ocieczek Wioletta 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The epidemic is affecting the global economy, plunging many industries. The global scale of the epidemic and government controls, restrictions and constraints have led to imbalances in world trade and have put many companies under pressure. The epidemic is a test of individual companies’ ability to operate effectively under new conditions, including occupational risk management. The research was conducted using a questionnaire method, the study was attended by 199 respondents. The research is burdened with an error in the selection of statistical sample units, which resulted from the respondents’ involvement and their truthfulness. The research was burdened with an estimation error of 0.07. The research was divided into two parts related to freezing the economy and social life and their defrosting. The aim of the article is to assess the occupational risk management activities that determine the prevention of OSH in an extreme situation, which was the immediate freezing of the economy and social activity in connection with the epidemic and then their gradual unfreezing. The conducted research allowed confirming the accepted hypothesis that the effectiveness of actions protecting the health of employees, and thus the production capacity of enterprises in a crisis situation, is related to the size of the plant, and this may be indirectly related to the system of organization of occupational health and safety services in the country.
4. Exercises for Piano and their Role in the Pedagogical Activity of Vitalii Sechkin
Authors: Hatipova Inna 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In the article, the author analyses the role of technical exercises used in his pedagogical activity by Vitaly Sechkin, remarkable pianist and professor, Honoured Artist of Ukraine. He paid particular attention to the development of the technical skills of his students, for which he used various exercises and virtuoso etudes. A detailed characteristic is made of the particularities of C.-L. Hanon’s and J. Brahms’s sets of exercises, which pursue similar objectives - the development of finger speed, the freedom to execute different kinds of texture, assimilation of tonalities. The professor’s favourite exercises and his methodical recommendations are mentioned as well.
12. Managing the Changes in the 21st Century Performing Art. Methods of Eliminating Social Barriers in the Consumption of Classical Music Performances
Authors: Budoiu Oana Bălan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In the unfortunate circumstances of the current declining consume of classical music, the intention to facilitate the access of the young, uneducated audience to classical music is becoming increasingly visible in the practices of the local, national and international cultural operators. Identifying the optimal methods around which unconventional, innovating artistic events can develop is essential in order to shape the audience of the future. The consumer needs to be educated progressively in order to accept what some call “elite art”. The mediation of the education process must be initiated from a point that places the audience in a comfortable position, even though this may, on the other hand, represent a compromise for the artists. From this perspective, the classical artistic product must become flexible, must outgrow patterns as well as traditional social constraints and adapt in order to be closer to the community. The research relies on a survey involving a sample group of 571 people, study aimed to measure the individuals’ propensity to consume symphonic music, opera and classical ballet. The mission consisted in highlighting the reasons that cause consumers to move away from classical music as well as searching for solutions to lure them and win their loyalty, in order to be transformed into an educated audience capable of understanding and processing artistic emotions.
14. The Violin in L’histoire Du Soldat – A Metaphor of the Soul
Authors: Vișenescu Oana Iuliana 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
From 1909, Stravinsky manifested a keen interest in composing theatre music, as proves the many and various dedicated scores. Almost all of his large works, from the ballet The Firebird (1909-10) to the one-act opera buffa Mavra (1921-22), are written for the stage. Stravinsky thus worked most of the time with scenic presentations, with questions on movement, dance, gestures or scenic tableaus. He develops a particular theatrical instinct: his works have a good scenic orientation, and the correlation with modernism and the new currents in theatre aesthetics is more than obvious. Critics have already analysed and discussed the parallels with such contemporary theatrical concepts as by Bertold Brecht (1898-1956) or Vsevolod Meyerhold (1874-1940). After three great ballets, whose new conception by Stravinsky and Sergei Diaghilev (1872-1929) brought about a fundamental revolution in dance aesthetics, the composer crystallises his notion of incidental music. The aesthetics of L’Histoire du soldat, a work “to be read, played and danced”, is opposed to that of Richard Wagner (1813-83) and his Gesamtkunstwerk (a work blending various arts, a total work of art): a new artistic idea, frozen in gesture and movement, compressed, finding its concentrated expression. Stravinsky establishes a brilliant draft of the issues of Opera, to which he would from now on dedicate himself. Stravinsky’s theatre music reveals a tendency to introduce new concepts in the works written between Sacre du printemps and Pulcinella. A quick look at his stage works before and after L’histoire is necessary in order to fit it in his artistic view.
The Second Sonata for Piano and Violin, Ópus 6 by George Enescu
Authors: Ioniță Raluca Dobre 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The second Sonata for Piano and Violin, op. 6 by George Enescu marks the beginning of a long road of assimilation and synthesis of the Romanian folklore elements and of the way of expression“in Romanian popular character”, transposed on the characteristics of the universal language. Without knowing the authentic folk art from a scientific point of view, Enescu was deeply influenced, shaping his entire artistic personality. He consciously assimilated popular music by generalizing some essential folkloric principles, which he later organized in a personal vision. The innovative elements of the Enescian musical language are transposed in the free rhythm, the heterophonic construction, the complexity and subtleties of dynamics and agogics, the timbre color, as well as in the synthesis between freedom and rigor in the creative and interpretive act.
Theoretical Considerations on Skills for Fine Arts
Authors: Aprotosoaie-Iftimi Ana-Maria 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Every person has many qualities that help him/her to obtain more or less good results in different fields of activity. Some easily get good results in drawing or gymnastics, others easily learn math or languages. Generally, when a child achieves high performance in a field he/she is said to have skills. Knowing the skills specific to the field, identifying them in the process of guiding the child, their development and refinement are evolutionary aspects to be neglected in educational practice.
Use of Standard/Simplified Graphic Language for Development: A Communication Challenge
Authors: Ebigbagha Sylvester Zifegha 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The decision to use standard, or simplified graphic language for development communication is usually problematic as a result of target audience conditions in developing countries that make presentation of a full range of development messages with uniformity across cultural delineations difficult. A rash decision often result in production of ineffective media with grave consequences for structural and human growth. Therefore, this paper focused on the communication challenge of utilizing standard/simplified graphic language for advancement. It employed a triangulation of the Critical-Historical-Analytic examination, and Content analysis methods. The paper started with the need to make informed decision on the use standard/simplified graphic language appropriate for receivers. Furthermore, it examined the role/activities of communication actors in campaign situation using the Shuttle models. Moreover, it considered target audience conditions with particular attention to illiteracy, and visual perception across cultural boundaries. And it evidenced the deployment of standard/simplified graphic language for campaigns in Africa. The paper found that target audience pretest is the panacea for decisive use of standard/simplified graphic language appropriate for target audience; and ended with the need to adopt participatory communication practices that afford its realization.
Current Situation in the Dynamics of General Education in the Republic of Moldova
Authors: Crișciuc Viorica 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Currently, the education system in the Republic of Moldova is in a specific political, economic, value, demographic context and is periodically influenced by external factors: globalization, internationalization, computerization, etc. At the same time, there are continuous changes in the education system at the level of educational policies, in accordance with the political system of the Republic of Moldova: decentralization of managerial functions, financing the system per student, reconstruction of networks of educational institutions, resizing continuous training of managers and teachers. Through the reforms launched during 2009-2020 by the Ministry of Education, Culture and Research of the Republic of Moldova, in cooperation with development partners, they changed their emphasis in education in favor of quality and, respectively, the process of evaluating student results. Updating the National Curriculum made in accordance with the fundamental support Reference framework of the National Curriculum, Basic Curriculum: competency system for general education, analytical support School curriculum evaluation report, etc. and the managerial support provided by the Ministry of Education, Culture and Research of the Republic of Moldova, favored a modern educational system with obvious results in national evaluations.
Extracurricular Education And Education In The Republic Of Moldova. Context: Social, Political, Economic, Educational
Authors: Cosumov Marina 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Education in contemporary society is a strategic resource for sustainable human development, in a space and time determined from a historical, political, cultural, socioeconomic point of view, etc. Lifelong learning has become a fundamental requirement of society under these conditions. Learning to learn and wanting to continually improve are requirements of lifelong learning; responding to them, man learns to be receptive to change, able to anticipate and adapt to them, offering himself as a participant in the process of social evolution due to his intellectual and moral autonomy. The design, organization, functioning and development of the education system in the Republic of Moldova aims at the complementary quality of extracurricular education that takes place in educational institutions and aims to develop the cognitive, affective and action potential of children and young people, to respond to their interests and options for free and its ability to provide additional opportunities for information, documentation, communication, development, social inclusion and self-realization.
PENGEMBANGAN USAHA KECIL DI KABUPATEN SUMENEP MELALUI KOPERASI SIMPAN PINJAM
Authors: Anwar Moh. 
Published: June 2021

Secara umum, setiap kegiatan usaha ekonomi, koperasi atau bukan koperasi,memiliki misi untuk melayani masyarakat (konsumen) dan berupaya mencapai kemakmuran. Namun dalam berbagai hal terdapat perbedaan yang mendasar. Usaha koperasi senantiasa bertolak pada mulanya untuk memenuhi kebutuhan ekonomi tertentu para anggotanya. Sedang usaha bukan koperasi (Perorangan, CV, Firma, PT, persero, dan lainnya) berorientasi pada pasaran umum atau konsumen umum. Karena perbedaan titik tolak ini, maka motifnya berbeda. Ini berkaitan dengan penerapan salah satu prinsip ekonomi seperti efisiensi. Efisiensi usaha bukan koperasi adalah, kalau laba dapat diperoleh setinggi-tingginya. Usaha koperasi efisiensi kalau pelayanan kepada anggota dapat dilakukan sebaik-baiknya. Keduanya memerlukan modal, biaya, namun tujuannya berbeda.
Pemerintah Indonesia sangat berkepentingan dengan Koperasi, karena Koperasi di dalam sistem perekonomian merupakan soko guru. Koperasi di Indonesia belum memiliki kemampuan untuk menjalankan peranannya secara efektif dan kuat. Hal ini disebabkan Koperasi masih menghadapai hambatan struktural dalam penguasaan faktor produksi khususnya permodalan. Dengan demikian masih perlu perhatian yang lebih luas lagi oleh pemerintah agar keberadaan Koperasi yang ada di Indonesia bisa benar-benar sebagai soko guru perekonomian Indonesia yang merupakan sistem perekonomian yang yang dituangkan dalam Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 .
Cita-cita Koperasi memang sesuai dengan susunan kehidupan rakyat Indonesia. Meski selalu mendapat rintangan, namun Koperasi tetap berkembang. Seiring dengan perkembangan masyarakat, berkembang pula perundang-undangan yang digunakan. Perkembangan dan perubahan perundang-undangan tersebut dimaksudkan agar dapat selalu mengikuti perkembangan jaman