bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Many Classes, Restricted Measurement (MACREM) Models for Improved Measurement of Activities of Daily Living
Authors: Flaherty Brian P , Shono Yusuke 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Scientists use latent class (LC) models to identify subgroups in heterogeneous data. LC models reduce an item set to a latent variable and estimate measurement error. Researchers typically use unrestricted LC models, which have many measurement estimates, yet scientific interest primarily concerns the classes. We present highly restricted LC measurement models as an alternate method of operationalization. MACREM (Many Classes, Restricted Measurement) models have a larger number of LCs than a typical unrestricted model, but many fewer measurement estimates. Goals of this approach include producing more interpretable classes and better measurement error estimates. Parameter constraints accomplish this structuring. We present unrestricted and MACREM model results using data on activities of daily living (ADLs) from a national survey (N = 3,485). We compare a four-class unrestricted model with a fourteen-class MACREM model. The four-class unrestricted model approximates a dimension of functional limitation. The fourteen-class model includes unordered classes at lower levels of limitation, but ordered classes at higher levels of limitation. In contrast to the four-class model, all measurement error rates are reasonably small in the fourteen-class model. The four-class model fits the data better, but the fourteen-class model is more parsimonious (forty-three versus twenty-five parameters). Three covariates reveal specific associations with MACREM classes. In multinomial logistic regression models with a no limitation class as the reference class, past 12-month diabetes only distinguishes low limitation classes that include cutting one’s own toenails as a limitation. It does not distinguish low limitation classes characterized by other common limitations. Past 12-month asthma and current disability status perform similarly, but for heavy housework and walking limitation classes, respectively. These limitation-specific covariate associations are not apparent in the unrestricted model analyses. Identifying such connections could provide useful information to advance theory and intervention efforts.
Gradient flow exact renormalization group
Authors: Sonoda Hidenori , Suzuki Hiroshi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The gradient flow bears a close resemblance to the coarse graining, the guiding principle of the renormalization group (RG). In the case of scalar field theory, a precise connection has been made between the gradient flow and the RG flow of the Wilson action in the exact renormalization group (ERG) formalism. By imitating the structure of this connection, we propose an ERG differential equation that preserves manifest gauge invariance in Yang–Mills theory. Our construction in continuum theory can be extended to lattice gauge theory.
J-GEM optical and near-infrared follow-up of gravitational wave events during LIGO’s and Virgo’s third observing run
Authors: Sasada Mahito , Utsumi Yousuke , Itoh Ryosuke , Tominaga Nozomu , Tanaka Masaomi , Morokuma Tomoki , Yanagisawa Kenshi , Kawabata Koji S , Ohgami Takayuki , Yoshida Michitoshi , Abe Fumio , Adachi Ryo , Akitaya Hiroshi , Chong Yang , Daikuhara Kazuki , Hamasaki Ryo , Honda Satoshi , Hosokawa Ryohei , Iida Kota , Imazato Fumiya , Ishioka Chihiro , Iwasaki Takumi , Jian Mingjie , Kamei Yuhei , Kanai Takahiro , Kaneda Hidehiro , Kaneko Ayane , Katoh Noriyuki , Kawai Nobuyuki , Kubota Keiichiro , Kubota Yuma , Mamiya Hideo , Matsubayashi Kazuya , Morihana Kumiko , Murata Katsuhiro L , Nagayama Takahiro , Nakamura Noriatsu , Nakaoka Tatsuya , Niino Yuu , Nishinaka Yuki , Niwano Masafumi , Nogami Daisaku , Oasa Yumiko , Oeda Miki , Ogawa Futa , Ohsawa Ryou , Ohta Kouji , Oide Kohei , Onozato Hiroki , Sako Shigeyuki , Saito Tomoki , Sekiguchi Yuichiro , Shigeyama Toshikazu , Shigeyoshi Takumi , Shikauchi Minori , Shiraishi Kazuki , Suzuki Daisuke , Takagi Kengo , Takahashi Jun , Takarada Takuya , Takayama Masaki , Takeuchi Himeka , Tamura Yasuki , Tanaka Ryoya , Toma Sayaka , Tozuka Miyako , Uchida Nagomi , Uzawa Yoshinori , Yamanaka Masayuki , Yasuda Moeno , Yatsu Yoichi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory Scientific Collaboration and Virgo Collaboration (LVC) sent out 56 gravitational-wave (GW) notices during the third observing run (O3). The Japanese Collaboration for Gravitational wave ElectroMagnetic follow-up (J-GEM) performed optical and near-infrared observations to identify and observe an electromagnetic (EM) counterpart. We constructed a web-based system that enabled us to obtain and share information on candidate host galaxies for the counterpart, and the status of our observations. Candidate host galaxies were selected from the GLADE catalog with a weight based on the 3D GW localization map provided by LVC. We conducted galaxy-targeted and wide-field blind surveys, real-time data analysis, and visual inspection of observed galaxies. We performed galaxy-targeted follow-ups to 23 GW events during O3, and the maximum probability covered by our observations reached 9.8$\%$. Among these, we successfully started observations for 10 GW events within 0.5 days after the detection. This result demonstrates that our follow-up observation has the potential to constrain EM radiation models for a merger of binary neutron stars at a distance of up to $\sim$100 Mpc with a probability area of $\leq$ 500 deg$^2$.
Dividends versus Stock Repurchases and Long-Run Stock Returns under Heterogeneous Beliefs
Authors: Bayar Onur , Chemmanur Thomas J , Liu Mark H 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We analyze a firm’s choice between dividends and stock repurchases under heterogeneous beliefs. Firm insiders, owning a certain fraction of equity, choose between paying out cash available through a dividend payment or a stock repurchase, and simultaneously choose the scale of the firm’s project. Outsiders have heterogeneous beliefs about project success and may disagree with insiders. In equilibrium, the firm distributes value through dividends alone, through a repurchase alone, or through a combination of both. In some situations, the firm may raise external financing to fund its payout. We also develop results for long-run stock returns following dividends and repurchases. (JEL G32, G35)
Received June 2, 2020; editorial decision November 3, 2020 by Editor Andrew Ellul. Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
The history of the neglected tropical disease movement
Authors: Molyneux David H , Asamoa-Bah Anarfi , Fenwick Alan , Savioli Lorenzo , Hotez Peter 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe history of the neglected tropical disease movement is seen through the lens of authors who worked during the last 4 decades in different roles and in different settings, from Western-based laboratories to clinical roles in endemic countries and in critical policy roles in the World Health Organization (WHO). The authors seek to identify key players from the introduction of the word ‘neglected’ by the late Kenneth Warren in his Rockefeller Foundation–supported Great Neglected Diseases of Mankind movement through to the more recent developments after the London Declaration of 2012. The role of the various actors—endemic countries, major pharmaceutical companies, the WHO, non-government development organizations, bilateral donors and academia—are discussed. The critical events and decisions are highlighted that were essential enabling factors in creating a viable and successful movement and with a resultant massive global public health and antipoverty impact. The importance of advocacy is emphasized in creating the momentum to establish a globally recognized public health ‘brand’ as a target in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.
Minced Skin Grafting: A Minimally Invasive and Low-Cost Procedure to Treat Pyoderma Gangrenosum
Authors: Cammarata Edoardo , Giorgione Roberto , Esposto Elia , Mazzoletti Vanessa , Boggio Paolo , Savoia Paola 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare neutrophilic dermatosis that usually presents as a painful ulcer with erythematous and undermined borders and is often characterized by pathergy. Although this condition precludes a surgical approach, in cases resistant to treatment with immunosuppressive agents, skin grafts and amputation are considered last resorts. Both expose the patient to the risk of developing new lesions. A minimally invasive autologous graft, “minced micrografts,” is a possible alternative to speed up the healing process, reducing the risk of pathergy.
This procedure was implemented in a 28-year-old man with PG who was prescribed prednisone and dapsone and who had a large ulcer on the arm and armpit that had persisted for 4 months and was undergoing slow re-epithelialization. A sample of finely minced skin previously taken from the clavicular region suspended in a hydrogel was spread on the wound bed in a proportion of less than 1:6 with respect to the receiving site. Seven days later, initial signs of re-epithelialization appeared, and the wound healed in 3 months.
In patients with PG, the minced micrograft method could facilitate ulcer healing by releasing cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors, thus promoting granulation tissue formation, neoangiogenesis. Because this method does not require special equipment or complex surgical techniques and is very low cost, it should be an integral part of the arsenal of procedures aimed at improving the quality of life of patients with PG.
Smart Dressings for Wound Healing: A Review
Authors: Barros Almeida Isabella , Garcez Barretto Teixeira Luciana , Oliveira de Carvalho Fernanda , Ramos Silva Érika , Santos Nunes Paula , Viana dos Santos Márcio Roberto , Antunes de Souza Araújo Adriano 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
To provide an overview of sensors incorporated into wound dressings that can be used to assess and manage healing parameters.

DATA SOURCES
Authors conducted an extensive literature search of the Science Direct, Scopus, MEDLINE-PubMed, and Web of Science databases.

STUDY SELECTION
A total of 587 studies that evaluated dressings used to manage wound healing parameters were identified in the search, but only 16 met all of the review criteria and were included in the final analysis.

DATA EXTRACTION
Chronic wounds were the most common type of injury among studies. Six articles involved a wireless transmission system.

DATA SYNTHESIS
All studies evaluated the physical and chemical characteristics of the dressings.

CONCLUSIONS
This review demonstrates the lack of studies examining wound dressing sensors. New studies are required to assess sensors that allow not only wound monitoring, but also the application of drugs in a single dressing, providing a better and more cost-effective treatment for wounds.
Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes of Expectant Management of Full-Term, Low-Risk, Nulliparous Patients
Authors: Tita Alan T.N. , Doherty Lindsay , Grobman William A. , Reddy Uma M. , Silver Robert M. , Mallett Gail , Rice Madeline Murguia , El-Sayed Yasser Y. , Wapner Ronald J. , Rouse Dwight J. , Saade George R. , Thorp John M. , Chauhan Suneet P. , Costantine Maged M. , Chien Edward K. , Casey Brian M. , Srinivas Sindhu K. , Swamy Geeta K. , Simhan Hyagriv N. , Macones George A. ,   for the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units (MFMU) Network
Published: January 2021

OBJECTIVE:To compare risks of maternal and perinatal outcomes by completed week of gestation from 39 weeks in low-risk nulliparous patients undergoing expectant management.METHODS:We conducted a secondary analysis of a multicenter randomized trial of elective induction of labor at 39 weeks of gestation compared with expectant management in low-risk nulliparous patients. Participants with nonanomalous neonates, who were randomized to and underwent expectant management and attained 39 0/7 weeks of gestation, were included. Delivery gestation was categorized by completed week: 39 0/7–39 6/7 (39 weeks), 40 0/7–40 6/7 (40 weeks), and 41 0/7–42 2/7 (41–42 weeks) (none delivered after 42 2/7). The coprimary outcomes were cesarean delivery and a perinatal composite (death, respiratory support, 5-minute Apgar score 3 or less, hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, seizure, sepsis, meconium aspiration syndrome, birth trauma, intracranial or subgaleal hemorrhage, or hypotension requiring vasopressor support). Other outcomes included a maternal composite (blood transfusion, surgical intervention for postpartum hemorrhage, or intensive care unit admission), hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, peripartum infection, and neonatal intermediate or intensive care unit admission. For multivariable analysis,P<.0125 was considered to indicate statistical significance for the coprimary outcomes.RESULTS:Of 2,502 participants who underwent expectant management, 964 (38.5%) delivered at 39 weeks of gestation, 1,111 (44.4%) at 40 weeks, and 427 (17.1%) at 41–42 weeks. The prevalence of medically indicated delivery was 37.9% overall and increased from 23.8% at 39 weeks of gestation to 80.3% at 41–42 weeks. The frequency of cesarean delivery (17.3%, 22.0%, 37.5%;P<.001) and the perinatal composite (5.1%, 5.9%, 8.2%;P=.03) increased with 39, 40, and 41–42 weeks of gestation, respectively, and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy decreased (16.4%, 12.1%, 10.8%,P=.001). The adjusted relative risk, 95% CI (39 weeks as referent) was significant for cesarean delivery at 41–42 weeks of gestation (1.93, 1.61–2.32) and for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy at 40 weeks (0.71, 0.58–0.88) and 41–42 weeks (0.61, 0.45–0.82). None of the other outcomes were significant.CONCLUSION:In expectantly managed low-risk nulliparous participants, the frequency of medically indicated induction of labor, and the risks of cesarean delivery but not the perinatal composite outcome, increased significantly from 39 to 42 weeks of gestation.
The Effects of ICU Crisis Reorganization on Outcomes in Patients Not Infected With Coronavirus Disease 2019 During the Initial Surge of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic
Authors: Rana Sameer , Hughes Laura A. , Rana Siddharth , Adam Laura A. 
Published: January 2021

Objectives:
To determine if ICU reorganization due to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic affected outcomes in critically ill patients who were not infected with coronavirus disease 2019.

Design:
This was a Before-After study, with coronavirus disease 2019-induced ICU reorganization as the intervention. A retrospective chart review of adult patients admitted to a reorganized ICU during the coronavirus disease 2019 surge (from March 23, 2020, to May 06, 2020: intervention group) was compared with patients admitted to the ICU prior to coronavirus disease 2019 surge (from January 10, 2020, to February 23, 2020: before group).

Setting:
High-intensity cardiac, medical, and surgical ICUs of a community hospital in metropolitan Missouri.

PATIENTS:
All patients admitted to the ICU during the before and intervention period were included. Patients younger than 18 years old and those admitted after an elective procedure or surgery were excluded. Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 were excluded.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
We identified a total of 524 eligible patients: 342 patients in the before group and 182 in the intervention group. The 28-day mortality was 25.1% (86/342) and 28.6% (52/182), respectively (p = 0.40). The ICU length of stay, ventilator length of stay, and ventilator-free days were similar in both groups. Rates of patient adverse events including falls, inadvertent endotracheal tube removal, reintubation within 48 hours of extubation, and hospital acquired pressure ulcers occurred more frequently in the study group (20 events, 11%) versus control group (12 events, 3.5%) (p = 0.001).

Conclusions:
Twenty-eight-day mortality, in patients who required ICU care and were not infected with coronavirus disease 2019, was not significantly affected by ICU reorganization during a pandemic.
Role of PVT1 polymorphisms in the glioma susceptibility and prognosis
Authors: Ding Xiaoying , Zhao Yaqin , Yuan Haozheng , Zhang Yong , Gao Ya 
Published: January 2021

Background
Genetic factors play a crucial role in the glioma risk and prognosis of glioma patients. To explore the role of plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) polymorphism in the susceptibility and survival of glioma in the Chinese Han population, we conducted a case-control study.

Methods
The three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in PVT1 were genotyped using Agena MassARRAY from 575 patients with glioma and 500 healthy controls. We used the χ2 test to analyze the differences in distribution of allele and genotype between the cases and controls. Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated by logistic regression analysis to evaluate the association SNPs with glioma risk. The effects of polymorphisms and clinical features on survival of glioma patients were evaluated using the log-rank test, Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analysis.

Results
We found that rs13255292 was associated with a decreased risk of glioma in the recessive model in overall or male; and rs4410871 was significantly associated with an increased the risk of glioma in age ≤40 years old or female. Moreover, the extent of resection and chemotherapy were found to be key prognostic factors in survival of glioma patients. However, the gender, age, tumor grade, radiotherapy and PVT1 polymorphisms have no effect on prognosis of glioma patients.

Conclusions
Our results indicated that PVT1 polymorphisms (rs13255292 and rs4410871) were associated with glioma susceptibility, but have no effect on prognosis of glioma patients. Further studies with large samples are required to confirm the results.
A 14-year multi-institutional collaborative study of Chinese pelvic floor surgical procedures related to pelvic organ prolapse
Authors: Sun Zhi-Jing , Wang Xiu-Qi , Lang Jing-He , Xu Tao , Lu Yong-Xian , Hua Ke-Qin , Han Jin-Song , Li Huai-Fang , Tong Xiao-Wen , Wang Ping , Wang Jian-Liu , Yang Xin , Huang Xiang-Hua , Liu Pei-Shu , Song Yan-Feng , Jin Hang-Mei , Xie Jing-Yan , Wang Lu-Wen , Wu Qing-Kai , Gong Jian , Wang Yan , Wang Li-Qun , Li Zhao-Ai , Xu Hui-Cheng , Xia Zhi-Jun , Gu Li-Na , Liu Qing , Zhu Lan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background:
It has been a global trend that increasing complications related to pelvic floor surgeries have been reported over time. The current study aimed to outline the development of Chinese pelvic floor surgeries related to pelvic organ prolapse (POP) over the past 14 years and investigate the potential influence of enhanced monitoring conducted by the Chinese Association of Urogynecology since 2011.

Methods:
A total of 44,594 women with POP who underwent pelvic floor surgeries between October 1, 2004 and September 30, 2018 were included from 22 tertiary academic medical centers. The data were reported voluntarily and obtained from a database. We compared the proportion of each procedure in the 7 years before and 7 years after September 30, 2011. The data were analyzed by performing Z test (one-sided).

Results:
The number of different procedures during October 1, 2011−September 30, 2018 was more than twice that during October 1, 2004−September 30, 2011. Regarding pelvic floor surgeries related to POP, the rate of synthetic mesh procedures increased from 38.1% (5298/13,906) during October 1, 2004–September 30, 2011 to 46.0% (14,107/30,688) during October 1, 2011–September 30, 2018, whereas the rate of non-mesh procedures decreased from 61.9% (8608/13,906) to 54.0% (16,581/30,688) (Z = 15.53, P < 0.001). Regarding synthetic mesh surgeries related to POP, the rates of transvaginal placement of surgical mesh (TVM) procedures decreased from 94.1% (4983/5298) to 82.2% (11,603/14,107) (Z = 20.79, P < 0.001), but the rate of laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy (LSC) procedures increased from 5.9% (315/5298) to 17.8% (2504/14,107).

Conclusions:
The rate of synthetic mesh procedures increased while that of non-mesh procedures decreased significantly. The rate of TVM procedures decreased while the rate of LSC procedures increased significantly.

Trial registration number:
NCT03620565, https://register.clinicaltrials.gov.
Shared Decision-Making During Initial Diagnostic and Treatment Planning Visits for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Mulé Christina M. , Lavelle Tara A. , Sliwinski Samantha K. , Wong John B. 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
Although shared decision-making (SDM) can improve patient engagement, adherence, and outcomes, evidence on the use of SDM within the context of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) initial diagnosis and treatment planning remains limited. The goal of this study was to objectively assess the occurrence of SDM in these visits and to compare this assessment with parent and provider perceptions of SDM in the same encounter.

Methods:
After audio-recording and transcribing initial clinical visits between parents (n = 22) and developmental behavioral pediatricians (n = 6) discussing the diagnosis of ASD and treatment options, we used the OPTION5 Item scale to assess the occurrence of SDM. Afterward, parents and providers completed the OPTION5 Item, and parents also participated in a semistructured qualitative interview. Analysis consisted of descriptive statistics for OPTION5 Item scores and a modified grounded theory framework for interviews.

Results:
Low levels of SDM were observed, with 41% of visits having no elements of SDM. On average, visits scored 1.1 of a possible 20 points on the OPTION5 Item scale for SDM. By contrast, parents and providers indicated on the OPTION5 Item scale that providers made a “moderate” to “skilled” effort to engage parents in SDM. Qualitative interviews with parents were consistent with their OPTION5 Item ratings.

Conclusion:
The level of SDM determined by parent and provider reports was higher than the level of SDM determined by objective observation using a standard validated rating method. The findings reinforce the need for further research into barriers and facilitators of SDM methods and outcomes within ASD.
The Relationship Between GSTT1, GSTM1, GSTO1, GSTP1 and MTHFR Gene Polymorphisms and DNA Damage of BRCA1 and BRCA2 Genes in Arsenic-Exposed Workers
Authors: Qian Shuran , Tan Jingwen , Zhou Qian , Yin Jinyao , Li Hui , He Yuefeng 
Published: January 2021

Objective:
To investigate the associations between genetic polymorphisms of GSTT1, GSTM1, GSTO1, GSTP1 and MTHFR genes and the DNA damage levels of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes.

Methods:
Peripheral blood samples were used to measure DNA damage levels and genetic polymorphisms, and urine samples were collected to analyze arsenic metabolites in 79 arsenic-exposed workers and 24 non–arsenic-exposed workers.

Results:
The BRCA1 and BRCA2 damage levels in exposure group were significantly higher than that in control group. Significant associations were detected between GSTT1 and GSTO1 polymorphisms and DNA damage levels of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes in subjects (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
Our findings suggest that the DNA damage levels of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes may modulate by genetic variations of GSTT1 and GSTO1 when individuals are exposed to carcinogens, such as arsenic.