bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Specialization directs habitat selection responses to a top predator in semiaquatic but not aquatic taxa
Authors: Šigutová Hana , Harabiš Filip , Šigut Martin , Vojar Jiří , Choleva Lukáš , Dolný Aleš 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHabitat selectivity has become an increasingly acknowledged mechanism shaping the structure of freshwater communities; however, most studies have focused on the effect of predators and competitors, neglecting habitat complexity and specialization. In this study, we examined the habitat selection of semiaquatic (amphibians: Bufonidae; odonates: Libellulidae) and aquatic organisms (true bugs: Notonectidae; diving beetles: Dytiscidae). From each family, we selected one habitat generalist species able to coexist with fish (Bufo bufo,Sympetrum sanguineum,Notonecta glauca,Dytiscus marginalis) and one species specialized in fishless habitats (Bufotes viridis,Sympetrum danae,Notonecta obliqua,Acilius sulcatus). In a mesocosm experiment, we quantified habitat selection decisions in response to the non-consumptive presence of fish (Carassius auratus) and vegetation structure mimicking different successional stages of aquatic habitats (no macrophytes; submerged and floating macrophytes; submerged, floating, and littoral-emergent macrophytes). No congruence between habitat specialists and generalists was observed, but a similar response to fish and vegetation structure defined both semiaquatic and aquatic organisms. While semiaquatic generalists did not distinguish between fish and fishless pools, specialists avoided fish-occupied pools and had a preferred vegetation structure. In aquatic taxa, predator presence affected habitat selection only in combination with vegetation structure, and all species preferred fishless pools with floating and submerged macrophytes. Fish presence triggered avoidance only in the generalist bugN. glauca. Our results highlight the significance of habitat selectivity for structuring freshwater ecosystems and illustrate how habitat selection responses to a top predator are dictated by specialization and life history.
On-target IgG hexamerisation driven by a C-terminal IgM tail-piece fusion variant confers augmented complement activation
Authors: Sopp Joshua M. , Peters Shirley J. , Rowley Tania F. , Oldham Robert J. , James Sonya , Mockridge Ian , French Ruth R. , Turner Alison , Beers Stephen A. , Humphreys David P. , Cragg Mark S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe majority of depleting monoclonal antibody (mAb) drugs elicit responses via Fc-FcγR and Fc-C1q interactions. Optimal C1q interaction is achieved through hexameric Fc:Fc interactions at the target cell surface. Herein is described an approach to exploit the tailpiece of the naturally multimeric IgM to augment hexamerisation of IgG. Fusion of the C-terminal tailpiece of IgM promoted spontaneous hIgG hexamer formation, resulting in enhanced C1q recruitment and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) but with off-target complement activation and reduced in-vivo efficacy. Mutation of the penultimate tailpiece cysteine to serine (C575S) ablated spontaneous hexamer formation, but facilitated reversible hexamer formation after concentration in solution. C575S mutant tailpiece antibodies displayed increased complement activity only after target binding, in-line with the concept of ‘on-target hexamerisation’, whilst retaining efficient in-vivo efficacy and augmented target cell killing in the lymph node. Hence, C575S-tailpiece technology represents an alternative format for promoting on-target hexamerisation and enhanced CDC.
Through-container quantitative analysis of hand sanitizers using spatially offset Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Gupta Nirzari , Rodriguez Jason D. , Yilmaz Huzeyfe 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic created an increased demand for hygiene supplies such as hand sanitizers. In response, a large number of new domestic or imported hand sanitizer products entered the US market. Some of these products were later found to be out of specification. Here, to quickly assess the quality of the hand sanitizer products, a quantitative, through-container screening method was developed for rapid and non-destructive screening. Using spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS) and support vector regression (SVR), active ingredients (e.g., type of alcohol) of 173 commercial and in-house products were identified and quantified regardless of the container material or opacity. Alcohol content in hand sanitizer formulations were predicted with high accuracy $$(R^2\, > \,0.98)$$

(

R

2

>

0.98

)

using SVR and $$94\%$$
94
%
of the substandard test samples were identified. In sum, a SORS-SVR method was developed and used for testing medical countermeasures used against COVID-19, demonstrating a potential for high-volume testing during public health threats.
Moisture tolerant solar cells by encapsulating 3D perovskite with long-chain alkylammonium cation-based 2D perovskite
Authors: Kore Bhushan P. , Zhang Wei , Hoogendoorn Billy W. , Safdari Majid , Gardner James M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLong-term stability is an essential requirement for perovskite solar cells to be commercially viable. Encapsulating 3D perovskites with 2D perovskite structures is an effective strategy for improving resistance to moisture. However, long-chain alkylammonium cation-based 2D perovskites have been rarely studied in solar cells. Here, we study three different alkyl chain length organic cation-based 2D perovskite coatings for 3D perovskites. The 2D perovskite incorporated solar cells show significant improvement in solar cell stability with limited compromise in solar cell efficiency, with the longest alkyl chain length sample showing only a 20% drop in power conversion efficiency after 6 months at a relative humidity of 25-80%, and could be completely immersed in water for a few minutes before degradation started. The 2D perovskite coating also mitigated non-radiative recombination in the light-absorbing 3D perovskite, leading to an enhancement in the open circuit voltage. These findings suggest that long-chain alkylammonium cation based 2D perovskites can improve the environmental stability of 3D based perovskites without significant losses to device performance.
A Systematic Review of Interventions for Multilingual Preschoolers With Speech and Language Difficulties
Authors: Crowe Kathryn , Cuervo Sisan , Guiberson Mark , Washington Karla N. 
Published: September 2021

PurposeThere is a shortage of information on evidence-based interventions for supporting young multilingual children. The purpose of this review was to identify interventions that have been evaluated with preschool-age multilingual children with a speech and/or language disorder or who are at risk of poor speech, language, literacy, and/or educational outcomes.MethodThis review considered speech, language, and early literacy interventions evaluated with preschool-age multilingual children with a speech and/or language disorder or who have been identified as being at risk of language difficulties (PROSPERO ID: 165892). The following electronic databases were searched: EBSCO (CINAHL Plus, ERIC, PsycINFO, Medline, Education) and Linguistics, Language, and Behavior Abstracts. Data were extracted describing article, participant, methodological, and intervention variables, and effect sizes. The Council for Exceptional Children's (CEC) standards for evidence-based practice were used to examine the quality of studies.ResultsFifty-six relevant studies were identified in 52 articles and these studies described 4,551 participants who had speech sound disorder (six articles), developmental language disorder (11 articles), or were considered to be at risk (36 articles). The interventions targeted speech production (seven studies), language (45 studies), and early literacy (11 studies) skills. Most studies reported positive effects. Only 15 studies met all quality indicators specified by the CEC (2014) and these described 18 interventions targeting language and literacy skills. The only intervention with sufficient evidence to be considered an evidence-based practice was Nuestros Niños [Our Children] for children's early literacy and phonological awareness skills.ConclusionsA number of high-quality studies exist that describe speech, language and/or literacy interventions for preschool-age multilingual children with a speech and/or language disorder, or who have been identified as being at risk of language difficulties. However, there remains limited evidence for specific interventions as to their ability to inform evidence-based practices.Supplemental Materialhttps://doi.org/10.23641/asha.16632649
Emergency reserve constrained optimal allocation of energy storage in a novel honeycomb‐like microgrid cluster with volatile renewable energy resources
Authors: Zhu Naixuan , Hu Pengfei , Liu Siqi , Jiang Daozhuo , Liang Yiqiao , Li Zhiyi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWith the increasing penetration of large‐scale distributed renewable energies, the electricity distribution network is growing more complex with challenges brought by the intermittency and uncertainty of renewable energies. Microgrid (MG), one of feasible solutions to integrating renewable energies, has shortages because of limited capacity. Therefore, MG cluster (MGC) was proposed as an improved solution. To efficiently and friendly integrate renewable energies, a novel honeycomb‐like MG cluster (H‐MGC) is proposed in this paper. Considering the uncertainty of renewable energies, a robust optimisation method of the siting and sizing of energy storage system (ESS) constrained by emergency reserve is proposed. Combining the column‐and‐constraint generation algorithm and big‐M method, the proposed optimisation model is decomposed into mixed integer second‐order cone programming master problem and sub‐problems, which are alternately solved. Based on the optimal results of study case, the siting and sizing results of ESS are analysed, as well as the operating characteristics of H‐MGC. Compared to existing MGC system, the proposed H‐MGC has a more flexible operation mode. The related costs of ESS are reduced, and the operational life is relatively extended, under the condition that the emergency reserve of system is satisfied.
Pressure control for pneumatic electric braking system of commercial vehicle based on model predictive control
Authors: Zhao Yongtao , Yang Yiyong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPrecise braking pressure control of a pneumatic electric braking system (PEBS) poses challenging non‐linear control problems, since it can operate in several distinct discrete processes (the pressure increasing, holding and decreasing) by switching the on‐off solenoid valves and the piston of relay valve moves irregularly. This article describes the development and experimental validation of a viable controller for an electronically controlled braking pressure based on the theory of model predictive control (MPC). The controller design consists of two parts. The non‐linear characteristic is first studied to ensure the pressure response of PEBS when the opening time is 4–10 ms in a fixed period, followed by calculation and prediction of the optimal on‐off time of inlet valve and release valve based on the current braking pressure to realize steady state. A logic rule is designed to ensure that the MPC controller and feedback control work coordinate to guarantee engineering reliability. A comprehensive system model is derived to help characterize system non‐linearities and design the MPC predictive model. Simulations and experimental results are presented finally to show how the MPC and feedback control strategy can be successfully applied to solve the braking pressure control of a PEBS in a systematic way.
A hybrid methodology for distribution level photovoltaic power production forecasting verified at the distribution system of Cyprus
Authors: Theocharides Spyros , Spanias Chrysovalantis , Papageorgiou Ioannis , Makrides George , Stavrinos Stavros , Efthymiou Venizelos , Georghiou George E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAccurate photovoltaic (PV) power forecasting is an essential tool that enables the efficient integration of solar electricity and energy trading. This work proposes a novel methodology for the implementation of a forecasting tool that provides aggregated PV production day‐ahead forecasts for the PV systems installed at a distribution level. Specifically, the tool is a cloud‐based platform, comprising of a data quality block, a weather forecasting model, a machine learning power prediction step and an up‐scaling aggregation stage. In this context and in the absence of a fully observable distribution system, the aggregated PV generation was estimated using a clustering approach and up‐scaling the measured generation of reference systems to the aggregated installed capacity. The results demonstrated that the implemented tool exhibited high forecasting accuracies, lower than 10% given by the mean absolute percentage error when applied to the distribution system of Cyprus. Furthermore, the comparative benchmarking of the up‐scaling techniques against the estimated aggregated PV generation demonstrated that the best‐performing approach was the hybrid model, which provided a normalised root mean square error of 10.29% and mean absolute percentage error of 9.11%. Finally, useful information is provided for establishing a robust day‐ahead forecasting methodology that is based on an optimal supervised learning and hybrid up‐scaling approach.
Image semantic segmentation method based on GAN network and FCN model
Authors: Zhao Lixin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn order to improve the accuracy of image semantic segmentation, an image semantic segmentation method based on generative adversarial network (GAN) and fully convolutional network (FCN) model is proposed. First of all, the network structure of the generator is improved. Introducing the residual module in the convolutional layer for difference learning makes the network structure sensitive to changes in the output, so as to better adjust the weight of the generator. Second in order to reduce the number of parameters and calculations, a small convolution kernel is used to halve the number of channels of the input feature map before using the large convolution kernel. Finally, the output of the convolutional layer and the output of the deconvolutional layer are connected by using the idea of a U‐shaped network to avoid low‐level information sharing. The proposed method was experimentally demonstrated on the PASCAL VOC 2012 and CamVid datasets. Experimental results show that the proposed method effectively improves the accuracy of image segmentation, and avoids inaccurate detection caused by insufficient image pixel information and noise interference. Its mean pixel accuracy (MPA) and mean intersection over union (MIOU) are higher than other comparison methods.
Adaptive restoration of pedestrian appearance in the spatiotemporal domain
Authors: Zhang Yunzuo , Guo Yaning , Zhang Jiayu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractVideo synopsis based on visual rhythm has a small amount of calculation and strong representativeness, but the drawback is that the spatiotemporal pedestrians are distorted and illegible due to the loss of their own unique spatial morphology information, which leads to poor performance of video synopsis. To solve this problem, this letter proposed an adaptive restoration method of pedestrian appearance in the spatiotemporal domain. First, a single‐pixel row is taken as the sampling unit to complete the horizontal visual rhythm stitching; second, the relationship between the pedestrian spatiotemporal trajectory slope in the horizontal visual rhythm and the pedestrian movement speed is deduced; finally, the spatiotemporal trajectory slope is used as the basis for the vertical visual rhythm sampling width, and the adaptive restoration of pedestrian appearance in the spatiotemporal domain is completed. Experimental results show that the contour fluency and visual perception effect of pedestrian appearance restored by the proposed method are better, and the difference ratio of the proposed method is 0.08566, and the average running time is 421.0760 s, which has obvious advantages over the comparison method.
Beyond the dips of V807 Tau, a spectropolarimetric study of a dipper’s magnetosphere
Authors: Pouilly K. , Bouvier J. , Alecian E. , Alencar S. H. P. , Cody A.-M. , Donati J.-F. , Grankin K. , Rebull L. , Folsom C. P. 
Published: September 2021

Context. The so-called dippers are pre-main-sequence objects that accrete material from their circumstellar disks through the stellar magnetosphere. Their unique type of variability allows us to probe the magnetic star-disk interaction processes in young stellar objects.
Aims. We aim to characterize the magnetospheric accretion process in the young stellar object V807 Tau, one of the most stable dippers revealed by K2 in the Taurus star forming region.
Methods. We performed photometric and spectropolarimetric follow-up observations of this system with CFHT/ESPaDOnS in order to investigate the variability of the system over several rotational periods.
Results. We derive a 4.38 day period from the K2 dipper light curve. This period is also seen in the radial velocity variations, which we ascribe to spot modulation. The slightly redshifted narrow component of the He I 5876 Å line as well as the high velocity red wing of the Hβ and Hγ emission line profiles also vary in intensity with the same periodicity. The former traces the accretion shock at the stellar surface, and the latter is a signature of an accretion funnel flow crossing the line of sight. We derive a surface brightness map and the topology of the surface magnetic field from the modeling of Stokes I and V profiles, respectively, for photospheric lines and for the He I emission line. The latter reveals a bright spot at the stellar surface, located at a latitude of 60°, and a maximum field strength of ∼2 kG at this location. The topology of the magnetic field at the stellar surface is dominated by a dipolar component inclined by about 40° onto the spin axis. Variable blueshifted absorption components seen in the Balmer line profiles suggest episodic outflows. Despite of its clear and stable dipper behavior, we derive a relatively low inclination of 40° to 50° for this system, which calls question the origin of the dips. The low inclination we infer is also consistent with the absence of deep inverse P Cygni components in the line profiles.
Conclusions. We conclude that magnetospheric accretion is ongoing in V807 Tau, taking place through non-axisymmetric accretion funnel flows controlled by a strong, tilted, and mainly dipolar magnetic topology. Whether an inner disk warp resulting from this process can account for the dipper character of this source remains to be seen, given the low inclination of the system.
Speech Characteristics of Patients with Parkinson's Disease—Does Dopaminergic Medications Have a Role?
Authors: Vandana Valiyaparambath Purushothaman , Darshini Jeevendra Kumar , Vikram Venkappayah Holla , Nitish Kamble , Pal Pramod Kumar , Ravi Yadav 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objective The present study aimed to investigate the effects of dopaminergic medication on voice, speech motor functions, and motor impairment in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD).

Materials and Methods Twenty-five individuals (16 males and 9 females) with PD underwent comprehensive assessment of voice, speech, and motor functions in levodopa medication ON and medication OFF conditions. Age- and gender-matched healthy controls were recruited to compare speech and acoustic parameters. Multi-Dimensional Voice Program (MDVP) from Computerized Speech Laboratory (Model: 4500) was utilized for acoustic analysis of voice and the Voice Handicap Index (VHI) for the self-assessment of vocal function. Frenchay Dysarthria Assessment (FDA-2) and Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale-III (UPDRS III) were used to evaluate speech motor and motor functions, respectively.

Statistical Analysis The mean and standard deviation were used as descriptive statistics measures. Raw scores were obtained for FDA-2, DRS, VHI, MDVP parameters, and UPDRS-III in either medication condition. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was performed to determine the statistical significance of the above measures in both genders across the medication conditions. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was used to determine the relationship between motor speech function and motor impairment and between VHI and MDVP parameters across both medication conditions. The interrater reliability rating was established using Cohen's kappa.

Results An improvement in lip and laryngeal functioning was found in the medication ON over medication OFF state in both males and females with PD. A few frequency and amplitude-related measures improved in the medication-ON state over the medication-OFF state. UPDRS-III scores reduced from the OFF state to the ON state, and no change in dysarthria severity or VHI was found in either gender or medication condition. No correlation was found between speech motor function and motor function or between VHI and acoustic parameters of voice in either medication condition.

Conclusions Improvement in motor symptoms with levodopa was predominantly observed when compared with the minor improvements in a few aspects of speech motor function and vocal parameters. The results of this study suggest the need for speech therapy as a nonpharmacological treatment method for speech impairments in PD.
Impact of Stroke on Quality of Life of Stroke Survivors and Their Caregivers: A Qualitative Study from India
Authors: Tiwari Sharad , Joshi Ankur , Rai Nirendra , Satpathy Parmeshwar 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectives Stroke is a significant global public health challenge attributable to an array of disabilities it causes alongside an impairment in cognition. The monetary impact of stroke care includes acute treatment expenses as well as outrageous expenses of postdischarge chronic hospital care and rehabilitation services. The current study aimed to study the perceptions along with experiences of stroke survivors and caregivers.Materials and Methods In-depth interviews (IDIs) of stroke survivors and their primary caregivers were conducted at their home 2 months after their discharge from the hospital in Bhopal, India. These IDIs were later analyzed.Results The following eight themes emerged: pervasive and irreversible, multifunction loss and dependency, holistic impact on the health of person and family, money and matter, nonaccommodative cost and baffled belief, professional paralysis, social crisis, and slow and obscured progress. The added obligation of taking care of a disabled stroke survivor along with adjusting their own lifestyle with financial apprehensions, worry about future, prolonged hours of care, and stress are major factors that increase the burden of the caregivers.Conclusion Caregivers should be sensitized with proper counseling and training through health care institutions to ensure appropriate care and management of stroke survivors at home, as it will also help in addressing their psychosocial needs, and minimizing the knowledge gap, doubts and uncertainties about the disease and its aftereffects.