bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Susceptibility testing of Prototheca bovis isolates from cases of bovine mastitis using the CLSI reference broth microdilution method and the Sensititre YeastOne colorimetric panel
Authors: Álvarez-Pérez Sergio , Anega Blanca , Díaz-de-Tuesta Juan A , González-Martín Juan V , Riesgo-Martínez Mercedes , García Marta E , Blanco José L 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

A total of 62 Prototheca bovis isolates from cases of bovine mastitis were tested for susceptibility to different antifungal compounds by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) reference microdilution method and a commercial colorimetric microdilution panel (Sensititre YeastOne). All isolates displayed low susceptibility to echinocandins (MICs &gt; 8 μg/ml for anidulafungin, caspofungin, and micafungin), flucytosine (MIC &gt; 64 μg/ml), and the azoles enilconazole and fluconazole (MICs &gt; 4 and &gt; 64 μg/ml, respectively). Moreover, 45.2, 32.3, and 1.6% of isolates had MICs &gt; 4 μg/ml for ketoconazole, terbinafine, and voriconazole, respectively, when tested by the CLSI method. In contrast, all isolates were more susceptible to the polyene compounds amphotericin B and nystatin, and itraconazole, posaconazole, and ravuconazole (MICs ≤ 2 μg/ml, in all cases). Comparison of the results obtained in the CLSI and Sensititre methods showed excellent essential agreement (EA) for azoles (98.4% for itraconazole and posaconazole, and 100% for voriconazole) and moderate EA for amphotericin B (72.6%), when MICs were read after 48 and 24 h of incubation, respectively. In contrast, much lower EA values were obtained in some cases when the MICs for both techniques were determined after 48 h of incubation (e.g., 9.7% for amphotericin B and 69.4% for posaconazole). Therefore, the CLSI broth microdilution method and the Sensititre YeastOne panel can be used indistinctly for susceptibility testing of P. bovis isolates against azoles but not against amphotericin B until further optimization of the test conditions.

Lay summary
The antifungal susceptibility of Prototheca bovis isolates was analyzed. All tested isolates displayed low susceptibility to echinocandins, flucytosine, and some azoles. Excellent agreement of the results of two different test methods was obtained for azoles, but not for the polyene amphotericin B.
The BAyesian STellar algorithm (BASTA): a fitting tool for stellar studies, asteroseismology, exoplanets, and Galactic archaeology
Authors: Aguirre Børsen-Koch V , Rørsted J L , Justesen A B , Stokholm A , Verma K , Winther M L , Knudstrup E , Nielsen K B , Sahlholdt C , Larsen J R , Cassisi S , Serenelli A M , Casagrande L , Christensen-Dalsgaard J , Davies G R , Ferguson J W , Lund M N , Weiss A , White T R 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
We introduce the public version of the BAyesian STellar Algorithm (BASTA), an open-source code written in Python to determine stellar properties based on a set of astrophysical observables. BASTA has been specifically designed to robustly combine large data sets that include asteroseismology, spectroscopy, photometry, and astrometry. We describe the large number of asteroseismic observations that can be fit by the code and how these can be combined with atmospheric properties (as well as parallaxes and apparent magnitudes), making it the most complete analysis pipeline available for oscillating main-sequence, subgiant, and red giant stars. BASTA relies on a set of pre-built stellar isochrones or a custom-designed library of stellar tracks, which can be further refined using our interpolation method (both along and across stellar tracks or isochrones). We perform recovery tests with simulated data that reveal levels of accuracy at the few percent level for radii, masses, and ages when individual oscillation frequencies are considered, and show that asteroseismic ages with statistical uncertainties below 10 per cent are within reach if our stellar models are reliable representations of stars. BASTAis extensively documented and includes a suite of examples to support easy adoption and further development by new users.
Polarization properties of FRB 20201124A from detections with the Effelsberg 100-m radio telescope
Authors: Hilmarsson G H , Spitler L G , Main R A , Li D Z 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
The repeating fast radio burst (FRB) source, FRB 20201124A, was found to be highly active in 2021 March and April. We observed the source with the Effelsberg 100-m radio telescope at 1.36 GHz on 2021 April 9 and detected 20 bursts. A downward drift in frequency over time is clearly seen from the majority of bursts in our sample. A structure-maximizing dispersion measure (DM) search on the multicomponent bursts in our sample yields a DM of 411.6 ± 0.6 pc cm−3. We find that the rotation measure (RM) of the bursts varies around their weighted mean value of −601 rad m−2 with a standard deviation of 11.1 rad m−2. This RM magnitude is 10 times larger than the expected Galactic contribution along this line of sight (LoS). We estimate an LoS magnetic field strength of 4–6 µG, assuming that the entire host galaxy DM contributes to the RM. Further polarization measurements will help determine FRB 20201124A’s RM stability. The bursts are highly linearly polarized, with some showing signs of circular polarization, the first for a repeating FRB. Their polarization position angles (PAs) are flat across the burst envelopes and vary between bursts. We argue that the varying polarization fractions and PAs of FRB 20201124A are similar to known magnetospheric emission from pulsars, while the observed circular polarization, combined with the RM variability, is hard to explain with Faraday conversion. The high linear polarization fractions, flat PAs, and downward drift from FRB 20201124A bursts are similar to previous repeating sources, while the observed circular polarization is a newly seen behaviour among repeaters.
Nanobase.org: a repository for DNA and RNA nanostructures
Authors: Poppleton Erik , Mallya Aatmik , Dey Swarup , Joseph Joel , Šulc Petr 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We introduce a new online database of nucleic acid nanostructures for the field of DNA and RNA nanotechnology. The database implements an upload interface, searching and database browsing. Each deposited nanostructures includes an image of the nanostructure, design file, an optional 3D view, and additional metadata such as experimental data, protocol or literature reference. The database accepts nanostructures in any preferred format used by the uploader for the nanostructure design. We further provide a set of conversion tools that encourage design file conversion into common formats (oxDNA and PDB) that can be used for setting up simulations, interactive editing or 3D visualization. The aim of the repository is to provide to the DNA/RNA nanotechnology community a resource for sharing their designs for further reuse in other systems and also to function as an archive of the designs that have been achieved in the field so far. Nanobase.org is available at https://nanobase.org/.
Effectiveness of Neural Mobilization Techniques in the Management of Musculoskeletal Neck Disorders with Nerve-Related Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis with a Mapping Report
Authors: Varangot-Reille Clovis , Cuenca-Martínez Ferran , Arribas-Romano Alberto , Bertoletti-Rodríguez Rodrigo , Gutiérrez-Martín Álvaro , Mateo-Perrino Fernando , Suso-Martí Luis , Blanco-Díaz María , Calatayud Joaquín , Casaña José 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objective
The objective was to assess the effectiveness of neural mobilization (NM) techniques in the management of musculoskeletal neck disorders with nerve-related symptoms (MND-NRS).

Methods
We conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis, using pain intensity, disability, perceived function, cervical range of motion, and mechanosensitivity as the main outcome measures.

Results
The systematic review included 22 studies (n = 978). More favorable outcomes were observed for NM on pain intensity compared with control interventions (standardized mean differences (SMDs) −0.92; 95% CI −1.66−0.18), but not compared with other treatments (OTs) (SMD 1.06; 95% CI −0.02 to 2.15). Regarding neck pain intensity, no significant differences were found in favor of NM compared with OTs (SMD 0.37; 95% CI −0.35 to 1.1). However, between-treatment differences were found in favor of OT on arm-pain intensity (SMD 0.57; 95% CI 0.08–1.05). In addition, the grouped MA did not show statistically significant differences between NM and OT outcomes on the cervical range of motion (SMD 0.16; 95% CI −0.06 to 0.38). However, compared with no intervention, NM was associated with significantly improved outcomes in cervical rotation (SMD 0.91; 95% CI 0.61–1.22). Similar results were found regarding disability (SMD −0.08; 95% CI −0.36−0.20, and SMD −1.44; 95% CI −2.28−0.6, respectively). Finally, NM was associated with more favorable outcomes on mechanosensitivity compared with OT (SMD 0.79; 95% CI 0.15–1.42) and greater improvements in function compared with no intervention (SMD 0.89; 95% CI 0.16–1.62).

Conclusions
NM appeared to be effective to improve overall pain intensity when embedded in a physiotherapy treatment in the management of MND-NRS. When compared with no intervention, it was effective to improve neck rotation, disability, and function. However, it was not superior to other types of treatments in improving overall pain intensity, neck pain intensity, arm pain intensity, cervical range of motion and disability, except for mechanosensitivity.
CXCL13 predicts long-term radiographic status in early rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Greisen Stinne R , Mikkelsen Clara , Hetland Merete L , Østergaard Mikkel , Hørslev-Petersen Kim , Junker Peter , Stengaard-Petersen Kristian , Deleuran Bent 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Identification of RA patients at a high risk of joint destruction remains challenging. The C-X-C motif chemokine 13 (CXCL13) has previously been suggested as a marker of disease activity in RA. Here, we investigate the potential of plasma CXCL13 as a marker of long-term radiographic status and progression.

Methods
CXCL13 was measured in plasma from treatment-naïve RA patients (n = 158) with an 11-year follow-up. At baseline, clinical and biochemical DASs were obtained; among these CRP, ESR, DAS in 28 joints with CRP (DAS28CRP), number of swollen joints (SJC28) and radiographic status, evaluated by total Sharp score (TSS). Age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HCs) were included.

Results
CXCL13 was significantly increased at baseline and decreased during treatment; however, it was not reduced to the level in HCs. At baseline, CXCL13 was associated with both CRP and ESR, but not with other markers of disease activity. Baseline CXCL13 was correlated with both TSS and radiographic progression (ΔTSS) at 11 years. With an 89% probability, levels of CXCL13 above 85 pg/ml predicted the risk of a TSS of 5 or above, after 11 years of treatment. Compared with CRP, DAS28CRP, SJC28 and ACPA status, CXCL13 was superior in predicting 11-year joint destruction.

Conclusion
In early RA, one single measurement of plasma CXCL13 at baseline is superior to currently used clinical and serological disease markers in the prediction of long-term radiographic status and progression.
Pressure Support versus Spontaneous Ventilation during Anesthetic Emergence—Effect on Postoperative Atelectasis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Jeong Heejoon , Tanatporn Pisitpitayasaree , Ahn Hyun Joo , Yang Mikyung , Kim Jie Ae , Yeo Hyean , Kim Woojin 
Published: October 2021

Background
Despite previous reports suggesting that pressure support ventilation facilitates weaning from mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit, few studies have assessed its effects on recovery from anesthesia. The authors hypothesized that pressure support ventilation during emergence from anesthesia reduces postoperative atelectasis in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery using the Trendelenburg position.

Methods
In this randomized controlled double-blinded trial, adult patients undergoing laparoscopic colectomy or robot-assisted prostatectomy were assigned to either the pressure support (n = 50) or the control group (n = 50). During emergence (from the end of surgery to extubation), pressure support ventilation was used in the pressure support group versus intermittent manual assistance in the control group. The primary outcome was the incidence of atelectasis diagnosed by lung ultrasonography at the postanesthesia care unit (PACU). The secondary outcomes were Pao
2 at PACU and oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximetry less than 92% during 48 h postoperatively.

Results
Ninety-seven patients were included in the analysis. The duration of emergence was 9 min and 8 min in the pressure support and control groups, respectively. The incidence of atelectasis at PACU was lower in the pressure support group compared to that in the control group (pressure support vs. control, 16 of 48 [33%] vs. 28 of 49 [57%]; risk ratio, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.35 to 0.91; P = 0.024). In the PACU, Pao
2 in the pressure support group was higher than that in the control group (92 ± 26 mmHg vs. 83 ± 13 mmHg; P = 0.034). The incidence of oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximetry less than 92% during 48 h postoperatively was not different between the groups (9 of 48 [19%] vs. 11 of 49 [22%]; P = 0.653). There were no adverse events related to the study protocol.

Conclusions
The incidence of postoperative atelectasis was lower in patients undergoing either laparoscopic colectomy or robot-assisted prostatectomy who received pressure support ventilation during emergence from general anesthesia compared to those receiving intermittent manual assistance.

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Multiple Cases of Auditory Neuropathy Illuminate the Importance of Subcortical Neural Synchrony for Speech-in-noise Recognition and the Frequency-following Response
Authors: White-Schwoch Travis , Anderson Samira , Krizman Jennifer , Bonacina Silvia , Nicol Trent , Bradlow Ann R. , Kraus Nina 
Published: October 2021

Objectives:
The role of subcortical synchrony in speech-in-noise (SIN) recognition and the frequency-following response (FFR) was examined in multiple listeners with auditory neuropathy. Although an absent FFR has been documented in one listener with idiopathic neuropathy who has severe difficulty recognizing SIN, several etiologies cause the neuropathy phenotype. Consequently, it is necessary to replicate absent FFRs and concomitant SIN difficulties in patients with multiple sources and clinical presentations of neuropathy to elucidate fully the importance of subcortical neural synchrony for the FFR and SIN recognition.

Design:
Case series. Three children with auditory neuropathy (two males with neuropathy attributed to hyperbilirubinemia, one female with a rare missense mutation in the OPA1 gene) were compared to age-matched controls with normal hearing (52 for electrophysiology and 48 for speech recognition testing). Tests included standard audiological evaluations, FFRs, and sentence recognition in noise. The three children with neuropathy had a range of clinical presentations, including moderate sensorineural hearing loss, use of a cochlear implant, and a rapid progressive hearing loss.

Results:
Children with neuropathy generally had good speech recognition in quiet but substantial difficulties in noise. These SIN difficulties were somewhat mitigated by a clear speaking style and presenting words in a high semantic context. In the children with neuropathy, FFRs were absent from all tested stimuli. In contrast, age-matched controls had reliable FFRs.

Conclusion:
Subcortical synchrony is subject to multiple forms of disruption but results in a consistent phenotype of an absent FFR and substantial difficulties recognizing SIN. These results support the hypothesis that subcortical synchrony is necessary for the FFR. Thus, in healthy listeners, the FFR may reflect subcortical neural processes important for SIN recognition.
Clamp Assisted Reduction of the Transverse Acetabular Fracture With Anterior Column Screw Fixation and Posterior Plating: A Technical Trick and Case Series
Authors: Mitchell Phillip M. , Shaath M. Kareem , Routt Milton “Chip” 
Published: October 2021

Summary:
Displaced transverse acetabular fractures are unstable injuries that frequently require repair. Although multiple approaches, techniques, and fixation constructs have been described to treat this pattern, achieving an anatomical reduction and applying fixation to maintain this until union remains the goal of treatment. We present a surgical technique for transverse or transverse/posterior wall acetabular fractures repaired using a clamp-assisted reduction through the sciatic notch, followed by anterior column screw fixation and subsequent posterior column plating through a Kocher–Langenbeck exposure. We review a case series of 55 patients treated with this technique and evaluate reduction quality using postoperative computed tomogram scans to assess for any residual step-off.
Anterior Intrapelvic Plating of the Sacroiliac Joint—A Cadaveric Quantification of Visualized Area with Case Series
Authors: Shofoluwe Ademola , Bruggers Jennifer , Becher Stephen 
Published: October 2021

Summary:
The objective of this study was to quantitatively describe the area available on the sacrum for reduction and plating using the Anterior Intrapelvic approach and describe its use clinically in a case series. The area available for plate and screw placement on 5 cadavers was on average 1007 ± 231 mm3. The cranial/caudal dimension at greatest length was 39.78 ± 6.91 mm, and the greatest length medial to the sacroiliac joint was 30.91 ± 3.43 mm. The major anatomic restraints to visualization were the S1 nerve root and the external and internal iliac vessels. Large fragment plates had an area overlying the sacrum of 360 mm3, and all sacrum had an area for at least two plates. The exposure was succesfully used for reduction, fixation and direct inspection of neural elements in 4 patients, demonstrating the anterior intrapelvic approach can be expanded to the lateral sacrum.
No Difference in the Rates of Unplanned Return to the Operating Room Between Magnetically Controlled Growing Rods and Traditional Growth Friendly Surgery for Children With Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Sun Margaret Man-Ger , Buckler Nicholas J. , Al Nouri Mason , Howard Jason J. , Vaughan Majella , St. Hilaire Tricia , Sponseller Paul D. , Smith John T. , Thompson George H. , El-Hawary Ron 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Early-onset scoliosis (EOS) is common in children with cerebral palsy (CP). The effectiveness of magnetically controlled growing rods (MCGR) and the risk for unplanned return to the operating room (UPROR) remain to be studied in this patient population. The primary outcome of this study was to examine the frequency of UPROR between MCGRs as compared with traditional growth friendly (TGF) surgeries for children with EOS secondary to CP.

Methods:
Patients with EOS secondary to CP were prospectively identified from an international database, with data retrospectively analyzed. Scoliosis, kyphosis, T1-S1, and T1-T12 height were measured preoperation, immediate postoperation, and at minimum 2-year follow-up. The risk and etiology of UPRORs were compared between MCGR and TGF.

Results:
Of the 120 patients that met inclusion criteria, 86 received TGF (age 7.5±0. 1.8 y; mean follow-up 7.0±2.9 y) and 34 received MCGR (age 7.1±2.2 y, mean follow-up 2.8±0.0.5 y). Compared with TGF, MCGR resulted in significant improvements in maintenance of scoliosis (P=0.007). At final follow-up, UPRORs were 8 of 34 patients (24%) for MCGR and 37 of 86 patients (43%) for TGF (P=0.05). To minimize the influence of follow-up period, UPRORs within the first 2 years postoperation were evaluated: MCGR (7 of 34 patients, 21%) versus TGF (20 of 86 patients, 23%; P=0.75). Within the first 2 years, etiology of UPROR as a percentage of all patients per group were deep infection (13% TGF, 6% MCGR), implant failure/migration (12% TGF, 9% MCGR), dehiscence (4% TGF, 3% MCGR), and superficial infection (4% TGF, 3% MCGR). The most common etiology of UPROR for TGF was deep infection and for MCGR was implant failure/migration.

Conclusion:
For patients with EOS secondary to CP, there was no difference in the risk of UPROR within the first 2 years postoperatively whether treated with TGF surgery or with MCGRs (23% TGF, 21% MCGR).

Level of Evidence:
Level III—retrospective cohort, therapeutic study.
Does the Choice of Spinal Interbody Fusion Approach Significantly Affect Adjacent Segment Mobility?
Authors: Wangsawatwong Piyanat , Sawa Anna G.U. , Pereira Bernardo de Andrada , Lehrman Jennifer N. , Turner Jay D. , Uribe Juan S. , Kelly Brian P. 
Published: October 2021

Study Design.
Biomechanical study of range of motion (ROM) at the vertebral levels adjacent to the construct of posterior pedicle screw-rod fixation with different types of lumbar interbody fusion techniques (LIF).

Objective.
To investigate the differences in adjacent segment mobility among three types of LIF: lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF), transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF), and posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF).

Summary of Background Data.
Previous studies have concluded that LLIF, TLIF, and PLIF with posterior pedicle screw-rod fixation (PSR) provide equivalent stability in cadaveric specimens and are comparable in fusion rate and functional outcome. However, long-term complications, such as adjacent segment degeneration associated with each type of interbody device, are currently unclear. Little is known about the biomechanical effects of interbody fusion technique on the mobility of adjacent segments.

Methods.
Normalized ROM data at the levels adjacent to L3–L4 PSR fixation with three different types of lumbar interbody fusion approaches (LLIF, TLIF, and PLIF) were analyzed. Intact (n = 21) and instrumented (n = 7 per group) L2–L5 cadaveric specimens were tested multidirectionally under pure moment loading (7.5 Nm). Analysis of variance of adjacent segment ROM among the groups was performed. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.

Results.
Normalized ROM was significantly greater with PLIF than with LLIF in all directions at both proximal and distal adjacent segments (P ≤ 0.02) except for axial rotation at the distal adjacent segment (P = 0.07). TLIF also had greater normalized ROM than LLIF during lateral bending at the proximal adjacent segment (P = 0.008) and during flexion, extension, and lateral bending at the distal adjacent segment (P ≤ 0.03). Normalized ROM was not significantly different between PLIF and TLIF.

Conclusion.
The choice of lumbar interbody fusion approach influences adjacent segment motion in a cadaveric model. LLIF had the least adjacent segment motion.

Level of Evidence: 3