bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Persistent fibrosis and decreased cardiac function following cardiac injury in the Ctenopharyngodon idella (grass carp)
Authors: Long Daniel W , Webb Charles H , Wang Yadong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFollowing the discovery of heart regeneration in zebrafish, several more species within the Cyprinidae family have been found to have the same capability, suggesting heart regeneration may be conserved within this family. Although gonad regeneration has been observed in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), one of the largest cyprinid fish, the species' response to cardiac injury has not been characterized. Surprisingly, we found cardiomyocytes do not repopulate the injured region following cryoinjury to the ventricle, instead exhibiting unresolved fibrosis and decreased cardiac function that persists for the 8‐week duration of this study. Additionally, fibroblasts are likely depleted following injury, a phenomenon not previously described in any cardiac model. The data collected in this study indicate that heart regeneration is unlikely in grass carp (C. idella). It is possible that not all members of the Cyprinidae family possesses regenerative capability observed in zebrafish. Further study of these phenomenon may reveal the underlying differences between regeneration versus unresolved fibrosis in heart disease.
Temporal preparation in adults with autistic spectrum disorder: The variable foreperiod effect
Authors: Girardi Giovanna , Fernandez Laura Gabriela , Leboyer Marion , Latimier Alice , Chokron Sylvie , Zalla Tiziana 
Published: July 2021

AbstractResearch suggested the possibility that temporal cognition may be different in autistic spectrum disorder (ASD). Although there are some empirical studies examining timing ability in these individuals, to our knowledge, no one directly assessed the ability to predict when an event will occur. Here, we report a study on implicit temporal preparation in individuals with ASD as indexed by the variable foreperiod (FP) effect. We compared a group of adult ASD participants to a group of typically‐developed (TD) controls, for their respective abilities to utilize implicit temporal information in a simple detection task with three different preparatory intervals (FP, short, middle and long). Participants were given a warning tone to signal an imminent stimulus, and asked to press a key as quickly as they could upon detection of the stimulus. Both groups were able to use implicit temporal information, as revealed by both the variable‐FP effect (i.e., faster response for targets appearing after a long FP) and asymmetric sequential effects (i.e., slower response in short‐FP trials following a previous long‐FP trial). The TD group exhibited a faster response in a long‐FP trial that was preceded by short‐FP one, whereas the ASD group did not, as reflected in their higher percentage of response omissions for a target that appeared later than in the previous trial. The reduced ability of ASD participants to modulate their responses under these conditions might reflect a difficulty in time‐based monitoring of stimulus occurrence.Lay SummaryTime‐processing may be different in autistic spectrum disorder (ASD). This study addressed the ability to anticipate a relevant stimulus's onset according to predictable interstimulus intervals comparing adults with ASD and typically developed controls. We found that ASD participants did not benefit from temporal preparation when stimulus appeared later than previously attended. This suggests a reduced ability in detecting implicit temporal regularities between events.
Impact of age, hypercholesterolemia, and the vitamin D receptor on brain endogenous β‐amyloid peptide accumulation in mice
Authors: Peng H. Benson , Bukuroshi Paola , Durk Matthew R. , Grootendorst Paul , Yan Xiaoyu , Pan Sophie R. , de Lannoy Ines A. M. , Pang K. Sandy 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAge, hypercholesterolemia, and vitamin D deficiency are risk factors that increase the brain accumulation of pathogenic β‐amyloid peptides (40 and 42), precursors leading to Alzheimer's disease (AD) in humans. The relative changes accompanying aging, high cholesterol, and/or treatment of calcitriol, active vitamin D receptor (VDR) ligand, under normal physiology are unknown. We examined these relative changes in C57BL/6 mice of ages 2, 4–8, and more than 10 months old, which were fed a normal or high fat / high cholesterol diet and treated with calcitriol, active ligand of the vitamin D receptor (0 or 2.5 μg/kg ×4, intraperitoneally, every other day to elicit cholesterol lowering in liver). Aβ40 but not Aβ42 accumulation in brain and lower P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) and neprilysin protein expressions for Aβ efflux and degradation, respectively, were found to be associated with aging. But there was no trend for BACE1 (β‐secretase 1, a cholesterol‐sensitive enzyme) toward Aβ synthesis with age. In response to calcitriol treatment, P‐gp was elevated, mitigating partially the age‐related changes. Although age‐dependent decreasing trends in mRNA expression levels existed for Cyp46a1, the brain cholesterol processing enzyme, whose inhibition increases BACE1 and ApoE to facilitate microglia Aβ degradation, mRNA changes for other cholesterol transporters: Acat1 and Abca1, and brain cholesterol levels remained unchanged. There was no observable change in the mRNA expression of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and the influx (RAGE) and efflux (LRP1) transporters with respect to age, diet, or calcitriol treatment. Overall, aging poses as a risk factor contributing to Aβ accumulation in brain, and VDR‐mediated P‐gp activation partially alleviates the outcome.
The synergistic effect of coronary artery bifurcations and calcifications on the adverse outcomes after PCI: Is 1+1>1?
Authors: Dai Yuxiang , Ge Junbo 
Published: July 2021

Key Points
A prospective registry data from 21,165 patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with DES showed that the combined presence of bifurcation and moderate to severe calcification was uncommon, with a rate of approximately 5% in this cohort.
The presence of combined bifurcating target vessel with moderate/severe calcification is associated with a higher risk of adverse outcomes than either attribute alone.
Further study is needed to identify new approaches and new treatment to reduce ischemic risk in this subset of patients at particularly high risk.
Evaluation of 4‐(4‐Fluorobenzyl)piperazin‐1‐yl]‐Based Compounds as Competitive Tyrosinase Inhibitors Endowed with Antimelanogenic Effects
Authors: Mirabile Salvatore , Vittorio Serena , Paola Germanò Maria , Adornato Ilenia , Ielo Laura , Rapisarda Antonio , Gitto Rosaria , Pintus Francesca , Fais Antonella , De Luca Laura 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThere is a considerable attention for the development of inhibitors of tyrosinase (TYR) as therapeutic strategy for the treatment of hyperpigmentation disorders in humans. Continuing in our efforts to identify TYR inhibitors, we describe the design, synthesis and pharmacophore exploration of new small molecules structurally characterized by the presence of the 4‐fluorobenzylpiperazine moiety as key pharmacophoric feature for the inhibition of TYR from Agaricus bisporus (AbTYR). Our investigations resulted in the discovery of the competitive inhibitor [4‐(4‐fluorobenzyl)piperazin‐1‐yl]‐(3‐chloro‐2‐nitro‐phenyl)methanone 26 (IC50=0.18 μM) that proved to be ∼100‐fold more active than reference compound kojic acid (IC50=17.76 μM). Notably, compound 26 exerted antimelanogenic effect on B16F10 cells in absence of cytotoxicity. Docking analysis suggested its binding mode into AbTYR and into modelled human TYR.
A personalized self‐learning system based on knowledge graph and differential evolution algorithm
Authors: Wang Feng , Zhang Lingling , Chen Xingchen , Wang Ziming , Xu Xin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDiscovering the most adaptive learning path and content is an urgent issue for nowadays e‐learning environment, for achieving learning goals efficiently and effectively. The main challenge of building this system is to provide appropriate educational guide and resource for different learners with respective interests and knowledge base. In order to reduce people's cognitive overload and fulfill their self‐learning requirements, this article proposes a framework for a self‐learning system. The system is design to be closed and updated automatically, in which learning path is discovered based on differential evolution (DE) algorithm and knowledge graph. The output of the system includes: (1) the personalized learning path adapted to learner's specific needs; (2) learning resource recommendation matching the learning path; (3) test results of learners' learning effect after following the learning path and resources recommendation; (4) revised learning path and resources recommendation according to learner's evaluation. Experimental results show that the system based on DE algorithm and disciplinary knowledge graph is feasible in optimal learning path discovery and further learning resources recommendation.
Self‐adaptation and distributed knowledge‐based service ecosystem evolution
Authors: Wang Xianghui , Feng Zhiyong , Huang Keman , Chen Shizhan 
Published: July 2021

SummaryWeb services (or Web APIs) on the Internet tends to encounter various unexpected runtime failures because of their dynamicity and distribution. Self‐adaptation technologies for the service‐based business process can effectively repair runtime failures and improve its success rate. However, the same failures may occur on subsequent invocations because relevant processes do not evolve after failures. This makes the response time of the business processes too long. We proposed a self‐adaptation and distributed knowledge‐based evolution model (SDKEM) to guarantee business processes' stabilities, that is, low failure rates and stable response time. SDKEM adopts a service knowledge base (SKB) to organize services from a provider and uses bridge rules to eliminate semantic conflicts among multiple distributed SKBs. It can automatically trigger the evolution of a service ecosystem through the designed self‐adaptation mechanism. We adopt the “survival of the fittest” principle for crucial elements in the ecosystem during evolution so that ultimately, service‐based processes and services with high stability remain. Experiments show that, with the developed evolution mechanism, runtime failures of business processes significantly reduce. In most cases, their response time and success rates are comparable to those under the running situation where no runtime failure occurs, meaning the runtime failures within a service‐based process are automatically repaired.
Grain yield performance and stability of winter wheat and triticale cultivars in a temperate climate
Authors: Derejko Adriana , Studnicki Marcin , Wójcik‐Gront Elżbieta 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe productivity of modern triticale (× Triticosecale Wittm. ex A. Camus) cultivars makes them more viable as an alternative to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grains in many environments. We tested 51 winter wheat and 18 winter triticale cultivars in 52 locations nested in six regions in Poland. The aim of the study was to check whether the yield of triticale is comparable with the yield of wheat, especially under unfavorable soil and climatic conditions. The grain yield of winter wheat ranged from 9.22 to 15.72 t ha–1 depending on the region, and the yield of triticale ranged from 9.24 to 14.82 t ha–1. The analysis showed that triticale is well adapted to the temperate environment, and its yield is more stable and less dependent on the weather conditions of the year than that of winter wheat. The results indicated that triticale and wheat grown in lower quality soils will obtain a very similar yield. We also recommend that triticale cultivar selection should be based on specific end use requirements. So far, a similar comparison has been made for Mediterranean and temperate climates, but this is the first work for a transitional temperate climate.
In vitro metabolism of the REV‐ERB agonist SR‐9009 and subsequent detection of metabolites in associated routine equine plasma and urine doping control samples
Authors: Cutler Charlotte , White Daniel Leigh , Viljanto Marjaana 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSR‐9009 is a synthetic compound widely available to purchase online as ‘supplement’ products due to its potential performance‐enhancing effects, presenting a significant threat with regard to doping control in sport. In vitro metabolism with equine liver microsomes was performed to identify potential targets for detection of SR‐9009. Six metabolites were identified, with the most abundant consisting of N‐dealkylated metabolites (M1–M3). The addition of the identified metabolites to high‐resolution accurate mass databases resulted in a positive finding for the N‐dealkylated metabolite M1 of SR‐9009 in an associated plasma and urine doping sample. Liquid chromatography–high‐resolution mass spectrometry was used to verify the presence of the N‐dealkylated metabolite (M1) in both matrices, with a low concentration of the parent compound and additional N‐desalkyl metabolites (M2 and M3) detected in the plasma sample as supporting evidence of administration. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of an adverse analytical finding in an equine sample for SR‐9009 or its metabolites in equine doping control.
Phylogenetic restriction of plant invasion in drought‐stressed environments: Implications for insect‐pollinated plant communities in water‐limited ecosystems
Authors: Simon Andrew D. F. , Marx Hannah E. , Starzomski Brian M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundPlant–pollinator community diversity has been found to decrease under conditions of drought stress; however, research into the temporal dimensions of this phenomenon remains limited. In this study, we investigated the effect of seasonal drought on the temporal niche dynamics of entomophilous flowering plants in a water‐limited ecosystem. We hypothesized that closely related native and exotic plants would tend to share similar life history and that peak flowering events would therefore coincide with phylogenetic clustering in plant communities based on expected phenological responses of plant functional types to limitations in soil moisture availability.LocationGaliano Island, British Columbia, Canada.MethodsCombining methods from pollinator research and phylogenetic community ecology, we tested the influence of environmental filtering over plant community phenology across gradients of landscape disturbance and soil moisture. Floral resource availability and community structure were quantified by counts of flowering shoots. We constructed a robust phylogeny to analyze spatial and temporal variation in phylogenetic patterns across the landscape, testing the significance of the observed patterns against a randomly generated community phylogeny. Phylogenetic metrics were then regressed against factors of disturbance and soil moisture availability.ResultsCritical seasonal fluctuations in floral resources coincided with significant phylogenetic clustering in plant communities, with decreasing plant diversity observed under conditions of increasing drought stress. Exotic plant species in the Asteraceae became increasingly pervasive across the landscape, occupying a late season temporal niche in drought‐stressed environments.Main conclusionResults suggest that environmental filtering is the dominant assembly process structuring the temporal niche of plant communities in this water‐limited ecosystem. Based on these results, and trends seen elsewhere, the overall diversity of plant–pollinator communities may be expected to decline with the increasing drought stress predicted under future climate scenarios.
Wolbachiain the spittlebugProsapia ignipectus: Variable infection frequencies, but no apparent effect on host reproductive isolation
Authors: Wheeler Timothy B. , Thompson Vinton , Conner William R. , Cooper Brandon S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAnimals serve as hosts for complex communities of microorganisms, including endosymbionts that live inside their cells.Wolbachiabacteria are perhaps the most common endosymbionts, manipulating host reproduction to propagate. ManyWolbachiacause cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI), which results in reduced egg hatch when uninfected females mate with infected males.Wolbachiathat cause intense CI spread to high and relatively stable frequencies, while strains that cause weak or no CI tend to persist at intermediate, often variable, frequencies.Wolbachiacould also contribute to host reproductive isolation (RI), although current support for such contributions is limited to a few systems. To test forWolbachiafrequency variation and effects on host RI, we sampled several localProsapia ignipectus(Fitch) (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) spittlebug populations in the northeastern United States over two years, including closely juxtaposed Maine populations with different monomorphic color forms, “black” and “lined.” We discovered a group‐BWolbachia(wPig) infectingP. ignipectusthat diverged from group‐AWolbachia—like modelwMel andwRi strains inDrosophila—6 to 46 MYA. Populations of the sister speciesProsapia bicincta(Say) from Hawaii and Florida are uninfected, suggesting thatP. ignipectusacquiredwPig after their initial divergence.wPig frequencies were generally high and variable among sites and between years. While phenotypingwPig effects on host reproduction is not currently feasible, thewPig genome contains three divergent sets of CI loci, consistent with highwPig frequencies. Finally, Maine monomorphic black and monomorphic lined populations ofP. ignipectusshare bothwPig and mtDNA haplotypes, implying no apparent effect ofwPig on the maintenance of this morphological contact zone. We hypothesizeP. ignipectusacquiredwPig horizontally as observed for manyDrosophilaspecies, and that significant CI and variable transmission produce high but variablewPig frequencies.
Sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor effects on heart failure hospitalization and cardiac function: systematic review
Authors: Rasalam Roy , Atherton John J. , Deed Gary , Molloy‐Bland Michael , Cohen Neale , Sindone Andrew 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimsTo systematically review randomized controlled trials assessing effects of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) on hospitalization for heart failure (HHF) and cardiac structure/function and explore randomized controlled trial (RCT)‐derived evidence for SGLT2i efficacy mechanisms in heart failure (HF).Methods and resultsSystematic searches of Medline and Embase were performed. In seven trials [3730–17 160 patients; low risk of bias (RoB)], SGLT2is significantly reduced the relative risk of HHF by 27–39% vs. placebo, including in two studies in patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction with or without type‐2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Improvements in conventional cardiovascular risk factors, including glycaemic levels, cannot account for these effects. Five trials (56–105 patients; low RoB) assessed the effects of 6–12 months of SGLT2i treatment on left ventricular structure/function; four reported significant improvements vs. placebo, and one did not. Five trials (low RoB) assessed SGLT2i treatment effects on serum N‐terminal pro B‐type natriuretic peptide levels; significant reductions vs. placebo were reported after 8–12 months (two studies; 3730–4744 patients) but not ≤12 weeks (three studies; 80–263 patients). Limited available RCT‐derived evidence suggests various possible cardioprotective SGLT2i mechanisms, including improved haemodynamics (natriuresis and reduced interstitial fluid without blood volume contraction/neurohormonal activation) and vascular function, enhanced erythropoiesis, reduced tissue sodium and epicardial fat/inflammation, decreased sympathetic tone, and beneficial changes in cellular energetics.ConclusionsSodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors reduce HHF regardless of T2DM status, and reversal of adverse left ventricular remodelling likely contributes to this efficacy. Hypothesis‐driven mechanistic trials remain sparse, although numerous trials are planned or ongoing.
Evolved to protect, designed to destroy: IL‐17‐producing γδ T cells in infection, inflammation, and cancer
Authors: Agerholm Rasmus , Bekiaris Vasileios 
Published: July 2021

AbstractT cells of the gamma delta (γδ) lineage are evolutionary conserved from jawless to cartilaginous and bony fish to mammals and represent the “swiss army knife” of the immune system capable of antigen‐dependent or independent responses, memory, antigen presentation, regulation of other lymphocytes, tissue homeostasis, and mucosal barrier maintenance, to list a few. Over the last 10 years, γδ T cells that produce the cytokine IL‐17 (γδT17) have taken a leading position in our understanding of how our immune system battles infection, inflicts tissue damage during inflammation, and gets rewired by the tumor microenvironment. A lot of what we know about γδT17 cells stems from mouse models, however, increasing evidence implicates these cells in numerous human diseases. Herein, we aim to give an overview of the most common mouse models that have been used to study the role of γδT17 cells in infection, inflammation, and cancer, while at the same time we will evaluate evidence for their importance in humans. We hope and believe that in the next 10 years, means to take advantage of the protective and destructive properties of γδ T and in particular γδT17 cells will be part of our standard immunotherapy toolkit.
Wind quality designation concept and application
Authors: Şen Zekâi , Serencam Uğur 
Published: July 2021

SummaryGenerally, wind energy production is based on the average wind speed without any classification. This article proposes a classification system on the basis of wind speed durations greater than a given threshold value. For this purpose, the wind quality designation (WQD) concept is defined based on the wind potential duration, amount, and intensity on a threshold level. Its classifications are depicted on five risk percentage classes as “excellent,” “very good,” “good,” “fair,” and “weak. Apart from the classification, the change of WQD with wind speed threshold provides qualitative and quantitative wind speed energy production assessment. The specific objective of the article is to present theoretical WQD explanations on the basis of the most frequently employed two‐parameter Weibull probability distribution function (PDF). The application is provided for Adiyaman City, Kahta meteorology station wind speed records from the Southeastern province of Turkey. It is noticed that there is no “Weak” category at this station and the most effective quality class is “Excellent” from 14 m/s to almost 27 m/s wind speeds. The average wind speed corresponds to about 62% WQD. Finally, the wind speed potential durations PDF abides by the logarithmic‐normal PDF, whereas amount and intensity accord with the Weibull PDFs.