bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
After Strict Comparison, the Conclusion of Double Slit Test Is in Conflict With the Mathematical Model
Authors: Ruhuai Xia 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The double slit test, as it is known, results in a series of alternating streaks of light and dark, presumed to be caused by interfering light waves. Careful comparison of experimental results and mathematical models reveals that the plausible theory of light-wave interference contains many fatal flaws. For example, the mathematical model does not have a mechanism for regularly producing multiple dark streaks. In practice, the spot where the dark streaks should appear is the brightest spot. Since only the electron radiates photons outward as it lowers its energy and returns to its ground state, the photon waves generated in the slit (possibly a vacuum) are of unknown origin. When light waves interfere with each other, photons can be infinitely subdivided and multiplied; After the head of the photon reaches the screen, the rest of the photon can still participate in interference; The effects of reflected light waves that most satisfy the interference conditions are not shown in the fringe. The important influence of polarization direction is not considered in the interference condition. In the causality test, the photon that has collapsed into a particle should be retested with a double slit test. In the causality test, the photon that has collapsed into a particle should be retested with a double slit test. The phenomenon of "observation determines outcome" has also been observed. When the phase is shifted π or the signal is reversed, it becomes a negative wave that cancels itself out. The transmittance of light waves through a double-slit device should not be so weak. As a fundamental physical property, waves must have bandwidth, but light and quantum only have a single frequency, which does not conform to the Fourier transform principle that waves must follow. Light waves in optical fiber communication must produce modulation effect, which has not been shown in reality. If the light waves from different slits interfere with each other, a mask similar to a two-slit device will not allow the lithographer to work properly. A photon whose size is much smaller than the wave length does not represent the whole wave but only represents a sample of the wave, but the corresponding physical properties are not shown. A pair of stars orbiting each other without changing color only proves that redshift is impossible but not that the speed of light is constant. Due to the late birth of radio technology, many physical properties of electromagnetic waves were not included in the light and matter waves proposed earlier. The results of the double slit test only prove that the simple quantum particle model is incorrect but do not provide evidence that the wave model is correct.
Trauma Exposure and Depression among Frontline Health Professionals During COVID-19 Outbreak in China: The Role of Intrusive Rumination and Organizational Silence
Authors: Li Chaofan , Wu Qiaobing , Gu Debin , Ni Shiguang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Healthcare professionals are a population exposed to especially high riskand stress during the COVID-19 outbreak. Several studies have demonstrated that healthcare professionals exposed to COVID-19 reported various affective disorders such as depressive symptoms, anxiety, insomnia, and distress. However, the mechanism underlying the association between trauma exposure and depressive symptom among frontline hospital staff has yet to be investigated. This study aims to assess the prevalence of depressive symptoms among frontline healthcare professionals in Shenzhen, China, particularly examining its association with trauma exposure, intrusive rumination and organizational silence.Methods: Data of the study came from a time-lagged panel questionnaire survey with three waves of measurement from February, 2020 to May, 2020 at an infectious diseases hospital of Shenzhen which accommodated all the confirmed cases of COVID-19 patients. Using clustersampling design, a total of 134 frontline healthcare professionals directly involved inproviding diagnosis, treatment and nursing services for COVID-19 patients completed three wave web survey. A moderated mediation model was performed to examine the complex interplay among the major study variables.Results: Trauma exposure was significantly related with depression of frontline healthcare professionals. Intrusive rumination mediated the effect of trauma exposure on depressive symptom, and organization silence moderated the relationship between intrusive rumination and depressive symptoms. Intrusive rumination showed stronger effect on depressive while organization silences was at a lower level.Conclusions: This research demonstrates the pivotal role that intrusive rumination and organizational silence play in predicting the depressive symptoms among the frontline healthcare professionals coping with COVID-19.
The viral distribution and pathological characteristics of BALB/c mice infected with highly pathogenic Influenza H7N9 virus
Authors: Wu Xiao-Xin , Tang Song-Jia , Yao Shu-Hao , Zhou Yu-Qin , Xiao Lan-Lan , Cheng Lin-Fang , Liu Fu-Ming , Wu Nan-Ping , Yao Hang-Ping , Li Lan-Juan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
The highly pathogenic Influenza H7N9 virus is believed to cause multiple organ infections. However, there have been few systematic animal experiments demonstrating the virus distribution after H7N9 virus infection. The present study was carried out to investigate the viral distribution and pathological changes in the main organs of mice after experimental infection with highly pathogenic H7N9 virus.
Methods
Infection of mice with A/Guangdong/GZ8H002/2017(H7N9) virus was achieved via nasal inoculation. Mice were killed at 2, 3, and 7 days post infection. The other mice were used to observe their illness status and weight changes. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and viral isolation were used to analyse the characteristics of viral invasion. The pathological changes of the main organs were observed using haematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry.
Results
The weight of H7N9 virus-infected mice increased slightly in the first two days. However, the weight of the mice decreased sharply in the following days, by up to 20%. All the mice had died by the 8th day post infection and showed multiple organ injury. The emergence of viremia in mice was synchronous with lung infection. On the third day post infection, except in the brain, the virus could be isolated from all organs (lung, heart, kidney, liver, and spleen). On the seventh day post infection, the virus could be detected in all six organs. Brain infection was detected in all mice, and the viral titre in the heart, kidney, and spleen infection was high.
Conclusion
Acute diffuse lung injury was the initial pathogenesis in highly pathogenic H7N9 virus infection. In addition to lung infection and viremia, the highly pathogenic H7N9 virus could cause multiple organ infection and injury.
What is the Impact of Ante Natal Care (ANC) Attendance on the Subsequent Maternal Health Care Services Utilization in Conflict Affected Area
Authors: Bocher Temesgen , Abdulkadir Adam A , Lewela Mashaka , Korir Judy , Magan Ali Mohamed 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Somalia has registered 732 maternal mortality every 100,000 live birth; the uptake of maternal health care service is lowest in the world. The purpose of study is to understand social and economic factors that hinder or facilitate the uptake of maternal health care service during the pregnancy in Somalia. Methods: Cross-sectional data was collected from 642 mothers of reproductive age in Mogadishu town through a community survey in November 2020. Descriptive data analysis and propensity score matching models were employed to measure association between the determinants of the uptake of required ANC, Skilled birth attendance and confounding factors. In addition, the impact of minimum ANC attendance on the uptake of mother health care services was evaluated Results: The study indicated that ANC is at its lowest level, only 10% women reported attending 4-ANC[1], 23% didn’t attend any ANC, and 61% attending 1 to 3 ANC; moreover, skilled birth attendance is low rate at 30%, against 67% average in Africa; 78% of women are unable to make decision to visit health clinic or hospital autonomously, rather the decision is made by other people, 44% decision is made by the husband and only 30% jointly by the woman and her husband. Contrary to the data on attendance, about 70% of the surveyed women were aware of health benefits of attending ANC. The cost associated with accessing health service at 31%, distance to health centers, 12%, and perception (ANC is not needed), 23% were the major reasons of not delivering at health institutions.Conclusions: Thus, the number of ANC visits has an incremental positive effect on the probability utilization of skilled birth attendance and delivery at health facility. Access related factors are the most hindering barriers for the poor utilization of health care service as evidently indicated by the negative correlation of distance from health center. Improving access to health education, interventions targeting improved income and women empowerment lead to better maternal health outcome.
Nutritional Vulnerability And Associated Risk Factors of Bangladeshi Wetland Community People Aged 50 Years And Older
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Meshbahur , Farhana Zaki , Uddin Md Taj , Islam Md. Ziaul , Hamiduzzaman Mohammad 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Introduction: People aged 50 years and over often show nutritional vulnerability in South-Asia including Bangladesh. Consequently, they present physical weakness and illness that escalate overtime. In Bangladesh, community-focused investigations have potentials to inform healthcare interventions, but current studies examine older adults’ nutrition status which are not all-encompassing [e.g., wetland communities]. We, therefore, assessed the malnutrition status among wetland community-dwelling older adults aged ≥50 years in Bangladesh. Methods: A cross-sectional survey with 400 older adults was conducted in the north-eastern wetland community of Bangladesh through simple random sampling. Demographic and health information were collected using a structure questionnaire and the Nestle Mini Nutrition Assessment-Short Form criteria was used to assess the nutrition status. Respondent’s socio-demographic and health profiles were assessed, and the Pearson’s Chi-square association test was performed to identify the associated socio-demographic and health factors of older adult’s malnutrition.Results: The prevalence of malnutrition and risk of malnutrition were 59.75 and 39.75 percent respectively. Malnutrition prevalence rate was higher with increasing of age and female were more malnourished than male. The age, gender, educational status, occupation and income were significantly associated with older adults’ malnutrition. The wetland community-dwelling people who are suffering sleeping disorders and poor self-rating health condition were found to be more malnourished.Conclusion: The findings confirm that the prevalence of malnutrition and risk of malnutrition are high among community-dwelling people aged ≥50 years in wetland communities. Our findings suggest the health professionals to implement public health and clinical interventions simultaneously to improve nutritional status of this cohort.
Ecogenomics Sheds Light On Diverse Lifestyle Strategies In Freshwater CPR
Authors: Chiriac Maria-Cecilia , Bulzu Paul-Adrian , Andrei Adrian-Stefan , Okazaki Yusuke , Nakano Shinichi , Haber Markus , Kavagutti Vinicius Silva , Layoun Paul , Ghai Rohit , Salcher Michaela M. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background. The increased use of metagenomics and single-cell genomics led to the discovery of organisms from phyla with no cultivated representatives and proposed new microbial lineages such as the candidate phyla radiation (CPR, or Patescibacteria). These bacteria have peculiar ribosomal structures, reduced metabolic capacities, small genome and cell sizes, and a general host-associated lifestyle was proposed for the radiation. So far, most CPR genomes were obtained from groundwaters, however, their diversity, abundance, and role in surface waters is largely unexplored. Here we attempt to close these knowledge gaps by deep metagenomic sequencing of 119 samples of 17 different freshwater lakes located in Europe and Asia. Moreover, we applied Fluorescence in situ Hybridization followed by Catalyzed Reporter Deposition (CARD-FISH) for a first visualization of distinct CPR lineages and to pinpoint their lifestyle (free-living vs. host-associated) in freshwater samples.Results. A total of 282 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) of diverse CPR lineages were recovered from the investigated lakes, with a higher prevalence from hypolimnion samples (263 MAGs). They have reduced genomes (median size 1 Mbp) and were generally found in low abundances (0.02 – 14.36 coverage/Gb) and with estimated slow replication rates. The analysis of genomic traits and CARD-FISH results showed that the radiation is an eclectic group in terms of metabolic capabilities and lifestyles, ranging from free-living to host- or particle-associated. Although some complexes of the electron transport chain were present in the CPRs MAGs, together with ion-pumping rhodopsins and heliorhodopsins, we believe that they most probably adopt a fermentative metabolism. Terminal oxidases might function in O2 scavenging, while heliorhodopsins could be involved in mitigation against oxidative stress. Conclusions. A high diversity of CPR MAGs was recovered, and distinct CPR lineages did not seem to be limited to lakes with specific trophic states. Their reduced metabolic capacities resemble the ones described for genomes in groundwater and animal-associated samples, apart from Gracilibacteria that possesses more complete metabolic pathways. Even though this radiation was assumed to be mostly host-associated, we also found organisms from different clades (ABY1, Paceibacteria, Saccharimonadia) that appear to be free-living or associated with ‘lake snow’ particles (ABY1, Gracilibacteria), extending the knowledge regarding their lifestyle.
The Effect of Replacing Dried Meal Worm with Soybean Meal on Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Broiler Chickens
Authors: Boroojerdi Navid Naderi , Rajabzadeh Mostafa 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
An experiment was conducted on 240 one-day old male (Ross308) chicken to the effect of substitution of dried mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) with soybean meal on growth performance and carcass characteristics broiler chicks. Chicks fed in a completely randomized design with 4 replicate cages (12 birds per cage). Five dietary treatments used: 1- Control treatment: Basal diet based on corn-soybean meal without adding dried mealworm, 2- Replacement of 5% dried mealworm with soybean meal in the base diet, 3- Replacement of 10% dried mealworm with soybean meal in the base diet, 4- Replacement of 15% dried mealworm with soybean meal in the base diet and 5- Replacement of 20% dried mealworm with soybean meal in the base diet. The results of the experiment showed that 3rd and 4th treatments with a substitution of 10 and 15 percent showed a higher mean weight gain and a daily gain, but their feed intake was lower comparing other treatments, and finally, the feed conversion ratio showed a significant decrease with respect to control treatment using these replacement levels. At 21 and 42 days of age, carcass yield and relative weight of the breasts showed significant increases in treatments 3 and 4, and other characteristics of chicken carcasses were not affected by the test treatments. The experiment showed that replacing soybean meal with 10% and 15% worm powder significantly improved the performance of broiler chickens, but no significant difference was found between the two levels.
Carotid Artery Elasticity Variables as Predictors for the Risk of Coronary Arterial Lesions in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Cai Wen-Bin , Wang Yi , Wang Jia , Yuan Li-Jun , Duan Yun-You , Zhang Li 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Carotid artery can be considered as the window to reflect systemic artery atherosclerosis. Nowadays, the evaluation of carotid artery lesions both from the structural and functional aspects in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) by ultrasonographic imaging is one of the preferable tools. Materials and Methods: Patients with suspected CAD underwent coronary angiography and were assigned to one of four groups (non-CALs, atherosclerosis, single-lesion and multi-lesion) based on the results. Carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) and arterial stiffness were investigated by quality intima-media thickness (QIMT) and quality arterial stiffness (QAS) techniques. Univariable and multivariable modeling were used to investigate arterial elasticity predictors of CALs. Area under the receive operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to evaluate diagnostic accuracy.Results: Carotid IMT and stiffness variables pulse wave velocity (PWV), α, β and compliance coefficient (CC) were statistically different between every two-group comparisons. Multivariable logistic regression analyses demonstrated that the odd ratio (OR) for patients with CALs were 1.73, 1.67, 1.19, 1.23 and 0.56 accordingly as IMT, PWV, α, β and CC were concerned. The OR values were similar with or without. The AUC of IMT, PWV, α, β and CC were 0.9257, 0.8910, 0.8016, 0.9383, 0.8581 with correctly classified rate of 88.16%, 83.77%, 78.07%, 86.84%, and 81.58%, respectively. Conclusions: The ultrasnongraphic variables derived from QIMT and QAS analysis present favorable diagnostic values for patients with CALs. The vascular stiffness changes predicted by QAS variables highlighted the hypothesis that functional impairment might predate structural damages as we can detect.
Hydrogen rich product gas from air-steam gasification of Indian biomasses with waste engine oil as binder
Authors: Sharma Prashant , Gupta Bhupendra , Pandey Mukesh 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Present study concerns with the production of H2 rich product gas by thermochemical energy conversion having biomass gasification as a route for the four biomasses i.e., Kasai Saw Dust, Lemon Grass, Wheat Straw and Pigeon Pea Seed Coat. The biomasses are from the family of woody biomass, grasses, agricultural waste and food process industry wastes. Waste engine oil as an additive is used, which also acts as a binder. Air gasification and Air-steam gasification is applied and compared for product gas composition, hydrogen yield and other performance parameters like lower heating value, energy yield. Product gas constituents, hydrogen production is examined with different steam to biomass ratio (S/B ratio) and equivalence ratio. The equivalence ratio varies from 0.20–0.40 and the steam to biomass ratio varies between 0–4. The waster engine oil is mixed with the biomasses with different percentage of 5 and 10 wt%. For enhancement of feedstock quality palletization process is applied. The H2 yield is greatly affected by the equivalence ratio. Results show maximum H2 production and higher calorific value of product gas at an air to fuel of 0.26 for all the biomass pallets. Also, the S/B ratio observed as important aspect for hydrogen enrichment. Hydrogen yield is maximum at 2.4 steam to biomass ratio. This study considers the rarely studied Indian biomasses with waste engine oil as an additive for hydrogen-rich product gas production and will be beneficial for small scale hydrogen-rich syngas production considering the central Indian region originated biomasses. Statement of Novelty (SON): Research work belongs to eco-friendly use of rarely studied Indian biomass pallets. Equivalence air to fuel ratio (E/R ratio), steam to biomass ratio (S/B ratio) and waste engine oil as additive have been considered to upgrade H2 content and Calorific Value (CV) of the product gas. Novelty of work include use of waste engine oil as additive to make biomass pallets.
The Leaf Microbiota of Arabidopsis Displays Reproducible Dynamics And Patterns Throughout The Growing Season
Authors: Almario Juliana , Mahmudi Maryam , Kroll Samuel , Agler Mathew , Placzek Aleksandra , Mari Alfredo , Kemen Eric 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Leaves are primarily responsible for the plant's photosynthetic activity. Thus, changes in the leaf microbiota, which includes deleterious and beneficial microbes, can have far reaching effects on plant fitness and productivity. Identifying the processes and microorganisms that drive these changes over a plant’s lifetime is, therefore, crucial. In this study we analyzed the temporal dynamics in the leaf microbiota of Arabidopsis thaliana, integrating changes in both, composition and microbe-microbe interactions via the study of microbial networks.Results: Field-grown Arabidopsis were used to monitor leaf bacterial, fungal and oomycete communities throughout the plant’s growing season (extending from November to March) over three consecutive years. Our results revealed the existence of conserved temporal patterns, with microbial communities and networks going through a stabilization phase of decreased diversity and variability at the beginning of the plant’s growing season. Despite a high turnover in these communities, we identified 19 'core' taxa persisting on Arabidopsis leaves across time and plant generations. With the hypothesis these microbes could be playing key roles in the structuring of leaf microbial communities, we conducted a time-informed microbial network analysis which showed core taxa are not necessarily highly connected network 'hubs' and 'hubs' alternate with time. Conclusions: Our study shows that leaf microbial communities exhibit reproducible dynamics and patterns, suggesting the possibility of predicting those patterns to drive microbial communities towards desired states.