bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TESTAMENTOS DE MUJERES GUANACASTECAS: UN APORTE A LA HISTORIA REGIONAL DE GUANACASTE, COSTA RICA. 1774-1826
Authors: Solano Muñoz Edgar 
Published: August 2021

Recibido: 29-05-2010Aprobado: 24-07-2020
El propósito del artículo es explicar las cualidades de los textos testamentarios a partir de una muestra de 18 testamentos de mujeres guanacastecas entre 1774-1826. Para ello, se utilizan protocolos coloniales que contienen la “última voluntad” de mujeres que llevaron sus vidas y su actividad productiva en el contexto de la hacienda ganadera. Se concluye que los manifestado en las clausulas testamentarias nos provee insumos para interpretar el imaginario religioso y la participación de las mujeres dentro de la actividad ganadera del norte de Costa Rica en el siglo XVIII.
HISTORIA Y NARRACIONES ARTÍSTICAS SOBRE NUESTRA SEÑORA DE UJARRÁS
Authors: Bonilla Soto Luis Carlos 
Published: August 2021

Recibido: 10-03-2010
Aprobado: 29-05-2020
Resumen
El arte sacro narra historias sobre las creencias de los pueblos y sobre la historia de los seres humanos alrededor del mundo. En Costa Rica, Nuestra Señora de Ujarrás ha sido venerada desde 1565. Primero en el Valle de Ujarrás y luego en Paraíso de Cartago. Esta advocación de Santa María Virgen ha sido representada mediante distintas formas en las artes, tales como esculturas, vitrales, pinturas de caballete y murales. De este modo, esta investigación presenta las obras de arte más importantes que se vinculan a su culto.
MANEJO DE LA FUERZA Y LA VELOCIDAD DEL AGUA: SECTOR ESTE DEL SISTEMA HIDRÁULICO DEL SITIO ARQUEOLÓGICO MONUMENTO NACIONAL GUAYABO DE TURRIALBA
Authors: Arroyo Wong María Gabriela 
Published: August 2021

Recibido: 04-07-2020
Aprobado: 24-07-2020
El sistema hidráulico del sitio arqueológico Monumento Nacional Guayabo se extiende más allá del núcleo arquitectónico donde se ubica el “sistema mayor”, posterior a su evacuación, el agua se dirige hacia el este por medio de canalizaciones abiertas, en las cuales es posible encontrar evidencia de estructuras diseñadas para el manejo de la fuerza y velocidad de la misma hasta desembocar en el río Lajitas.
MONSEÑOR THIEL Y LA NATURALEZA EN COSTA RICA
Authors: Hilje Quirós Luko 
Published: August 2021

Recibido: 02-03-2020
Aprobado: 27-03-2020
Durante su mandato como obispo de Costa Rica (1880-1901), el polifacético sacerdote alemán Bernardo Augusto Thiel no se limitó a sus exigentes funciones eclesiásticas, sino que incursionó en la etnografía, la lingüística, la antropología, la historia y la demografía. En el presente artículo se documenta una faceta más, referida a las ciencias biológicas. Ello se manifestó en numerosas anotaciones acerca de la flora y la fauna en sus crónicas de viaje, escritas durante sus jornadas de evangelización en territorios indígenas. Además, tuvo una colección de objetos arqueológicos y de aves, entre las que figuró Iridophanes pulcherrimus aureinucha, recolectada en Ecuador y después descrita como una subespecie nueva para la ciencia. Finalmente, impulsó acciones para el desarrollo de un medicamento antiofídico de origen vegetal, y expresó con vehemencia su preocupación por la deforestación que ya se percibía en el país.
LUGARES, IDENTIDAD Y CULTURA MATERIAL: EL USO DE PULPERÍAS Y SUPERMERCADOS COMO PUNTOS DE REFERENCIA
Authors: Bolaños Carpio Alexa 
Published: August 2021

Recibido: 04-01-2021.
Aprobado: 18-03-2021.
Este artículo examina las pulperías y los supermercados como puntos de referencia usados en las direcciones “a la tica” y pretende evidenciar su lazo identitario con las comunidades. Este estudio es cualitativo y los datos son llamadas telefónicas al Servicio de Emergencias 9-1-1 en Costa Rica. Los resultados arrojan que pulperías y supermercados son objetos de la cultura material y forman parte del entorno material cotidiano de los pueblos, pues evidencian aspectos identitarios de estos. Las pulperías evidencian la vida del barrio y las compras diarias y los supermercados muestran el cambio en los hábitos de consumo a gran escala en la comunidad y las diferentes interacciones con quienes trabajan allí. Se concluye que las pulperías se tornan puntos de referencia por procesos de significado cultural, frecuencia de encuentro y prominencia; mientras que los supermercados lo logran a partir de los procesos de grandes objetos inmóviles y frecuencia de encuentro.
EL CARIBE COLOMBIANO EN IMÁGENES: EXPEDICIONES EXTRANJERAS EN TORNO AL TERREMOTO EN PANAMÁ A FINALES DEL SIGLO XIX
Authors: Gómez Castaño Leguis Antonio 
Published: August 2021

Recibido: 24-01-2021.
Aprobado: 15-03-2021.
En 1882 la región de Panamá sufrió el que es tal vez el peor evento sísmico de su historia. Junto con la construcción del gran canal que se estaba construyendo, el terremoto despertó el interés de científicos extranjeros quienes viajaron al Caribe Colombiano a visitar la región. Como consecuencia de dichas visitas llevadas a cabo entre 1882 y 1886, se produjo un archivo fotográfico que este trabajo intenta rescatar.
MURALISMO MEXICANO: “MIGUEL HIDALGO ABOLIENDO LA ESCLAVITUD” DE JOSÉ CLEMENTE OROZCO
Authors: Vizconde Meneses Carlos 
Published: August 2021

Recibido: 24-02-2021.
Aprobado: 22-03-2021.
La época post revolucionaria en México se encuentra marcada por el ambiente político mundial y los intentos de generar una identidad nacional. Esta última fue creada con la necesidad de unificar y moldear un paradigma de temáticas en torno a México; presentando así una imagen de país con culturas ancestrales. La ideología política del siglo XX define dos puntos de vista y paradigmas con respecto al arte. La primera es el liberalismo económico de lado de las grandes potencias occidentales; el segundo pertenece al bloque socialista – comunista, protagonizado por la Unión Soviética. En México, las nuevas ideologías ampliaron las diversas perspectivas hacia el papel del arte: un enfoque utilitarista y político; contra un conceptualismo creciente, el cual dejaba de lado al objeto o la finalidad didáctica.Bajo las características propias de su tiempo, el artista José Clemente Orozco pinta una serie de murales en las escaleras del Palacio de Gobierno de Guadalajara. En el mural central de la obra, se observa un Miguel Hidalgo efectista: un brazo arriba y una antorcha en la otra. El padre de la patria mexicana es graficado de manera particular. Es así como el artista lo rodea de distintos elementos y conceptos. Orozco presenta una interpretación personal del cura de Dolores; la cual, a su vez, responde a las ideas propias del artista hacia el escenario político y social del México post revolucionario. ¿De qué manera es presentado Miguel Hidalgo bajo la perspectiva de José Clemente Orozco? Como hipótesis, señalo que la representación del muralista no es de carácter heroico o hierático; por el contrario, Hidalgo es representado como parte del paradigma político de la post revolución.
OBRAS ARTÍSTICAS DE LOS TALLERES STUFLESSER EN LAS IGLESIAS DE LA ARQUIDIÓCESIS DE SAN JOSÉ, COSTA RICA. UN ESTADO DE LA CUESTIÓN
Authors: Bonilla Soto Luis Carlos 
Published: August 2021

Recibido: 24-12-2020.
Aprobado: 05-04-2021.
En la Iglesia costarricense existe una tendencia marcada a exaltar las obras de arte sacro traídas al país desde los talleres del escultor Ferdinand Stuflesser y sus generaciones descendientes. Este artículo es un esfuerzo de síntesis, en el que se describe la ubicación, temáticas, estado de conservación y amenazas que sufren las distintas obras procedentes de tan aclamados talleres.
EL TAMAL Y LA TRADICIÓN TAMALERA EN COSTA RICA
Authors: Sedó Masís Patricia 
Published: August 2021

Recibido: 12-01-2021.
Aprobado: 25-03-2021.
Este trabajo presenta una descripción de aspectos socioculturales, gastronómicos y nutricionales del tamal en Costa Rica, a partir de una revisión documental y 50 entrevistas realizadas a personas portadoras de la tradición, durante el 2014 y 2019. La tradición tamalera reúne un conjunto de saberes y prácticas de alto valor cultural, socio productivo y nutricional. Hay diferencias según ingredientes, procedimientos, nombres dados en las localidades, así como en envolturas y acompañamientos en la mesa. Trasciende la necesidad de alimentarse, y otorga un sentido de pertenencia e identidad. La complejidad en su elaboración, la percepción negativa sobre su composición, la pérdida en la herencia familiar de las recetas, la mayor oferta comercial de tamales y el cambio alimentario con predilección por otros productos, figuran entre los aspectos que más afectan la tradición. No obstante, se valora como un alimento artesanal que conserva los sabores familiares e insustituibles. Este trabajo constituye un insumo para el desarrollo de estrategias integrales que contribuyan con la conservación y difusión del patrimonio alimentario del país.
Isolation and characterization of broad host-range of bacteriophages infecting Cronobacter sakazakii and its biocontrol potential in dairy products
Authors: Li Huaxiang , Yang Xiao-jun , Zhu Xiao-yan , Gao Lu , Rao Sheng-qi , Yuan Lei , Yang Zhen-quan 
Published: August 2021

Cronobacter sakazakii (C. sakazakii) is an important pathogen contaminating dairy products (e.g., milk pow-der) and causes high mortality in infants. Bacteriophage as a potential biocontrol agent is a good alternative method for the control of this pathogen in dairy production and its environment. Thus, it is important to complete the C. sakazakii phage library by isolating and characterizing the broad host range of bacteriophage against C. sakazakii for control use. In this study, C. sakazakii strains from different sources were used as hosts to isolate and purify phages from human stool and sewage samples by double-layer plates. The biological characteristics, antibacterial properties, and genomes of these phages were then studied. Finally, ten virulent phages (EspYZU01–EspYZU10) infecting C. sakazakii were isolated and identified as belonging to the Myoviridae, Podoviridae, Tectivirus, and Stylovinidae families. Phage EspYZU08 presented the broadest host range and could infect all the five host strains of C. sakazakii. All 10 phages retained their infectivity at 50°C and pH 5–9. Both genomes of EspYZU05 and EspYZU08 were double-stranded DNAs with sizes of 41723 bp and 145582 bp, G+C contents of 55.69% and 46.75%, and open reading frames of 47 and 103, respectively. No toxins and antibiotic resistance genes were detected in both EspYZU05 and EspYZU08. Phage EspYZU08 and phage cocktail-3 (EspYZU01 + EspYZU03 + EspYZU08 + EspYZU09 + EspYZU10) presented excellent antibacterial efficacy for C. sakazakii in liquid broth and milk at 4°C, 25°C, and 37°C, suggesting that the phages in this study have great potential for the development of biocontrol agents against C. sakazakii in dairy and its processing environment.
THE COVID-19 CONTAGION AND MENTAL HEALTH OF THE STUDENTS
Authors: Atta Malik Amer , Ullah Azmat , Salah-Ud-Din Bushra , Bibi Sadia 
Published: August 2021

Purpose of the study: The main purpose of the study was to find out “the effect of covid-19 contagion and mental health of the students at higher secondary schools in Dera Ismail Khan”.
Methodology: The descriptive method of research was used in this study. Convenient and snowball sampling techniques were used to get the required data. For data analysis mean, standard deviation, p-value, and t-distribution were used.
Main Findings: It was found that parents’ perceptions were very positive as 77.9 % of parents agreed with the 15 statements of the questionnaire. The difference between the perceptions of urban and rural parents remained insignificant and their perceptions were nearly similar about the topic under research. So, Pakistan should adopt all the necessary measures to restore the mental health of students through any means and at any cost.
Applications of this study: This current study is applicable in the mental health of high and higher secondary schools students of district Dera Ismail Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The results of this research imitate its innovation. This research targeted to find the effect of corona various on the mental health of the higher secondary school students. This research will provide us with complete awareness about covid-19 and its effect on the mental health of higher secondary school students. This research provides us with a strong root for covid-19 and its effect on students' mental health and also provides us psychological treatment as well.
​Investigations on Per se Performance, Genetic Variability and Correlations in Vegetable Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] Germplasm for Yield and Its Attributing Traits
Authors: Saidaiah P. , Pandravada S.R. , Geetha A. , Kamala V. 
Published: August 2021

Background: Cowpea is a multiple-purpose, drought-tolerant, climate-smart and leguminous pulse crop. Recent studies established this crop as a potential vegetable crop with nitrogen fixation ability and round the year cultivation unlike French bean. In several crops, exotic collections imported into India have positive impact in release of new varieties. Per se performance evaluation is the best option for identification of high yielding varieties. Genetic parameters controlling the expression of yield and its components are essential in determining the effect of such genetic parameters and association among the characters enhancing the green pod yield of vegetable cowpea. Methods: A set of eighty seven genotypes of vegetable cowpea including 59 exotic collections imported from International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Nigeria; 24 indigenous germplasm collected from different parts of India and four released commercial varieties were evaluated in a randomized block design during Kharif, 2019. The analysis of variance by Panse and Sukhatme (1985), genetic parameters by Burton and De Vane (1953) and heritability in a broad sense and genetic advance by methods given by Allard (1960) and Johnson et al., (1955) were carried out to validate the results. Result: The analysis of variance revealed that genotypes exhibited significant differences for all the characters. Based on per se performances, the exotic collections for flowering and maturity traits and check varieties followed by indigenous collections for yield and yield characters have exhibited superior performance. The highest range of variation was observed for green pod yield per plant. The highest variation was observed for pod yield per plant and number of pods per plant. The higher estimates of GCV and PCV ( greater than 20%) were registered by pod width, mature pod weight, number of pods per plant and pod yield per plant, which indicates partly the interaction of the genotypes with the environment influencing the expression of these characters. High heritability along with high genetic advance was observed for green pod yield per plant, pod length, pod width and number of pods per plant indicating that these traits were mainly governed by additive gene action and responsive for their further improvement. The maximum coefficient of variation was recorded for pod width followed by green pod yield per plant, pod weight and pod length. Green pod yield per plant has a positive and significant correlation with pod length, pod width, mature pod weight, number of pods per plant and number of seeds per pod. Hence, these characters should be considered, while selecting the genotypes for their further genetic improvement in vegetable cowpea.
​​Effect of Zinc Fertilization on Nutritional Quality of Cowpea Cultivars
Authors: . Manisha , Kumar Rakesh , Ram Hardev , Tyagi Nitin , Meena Rajesh Kumar , Kumar Dinesh , Kumar Rakesh , Singh Kuldeep , Min Doohong 
Published: August 2021

Background: The improvement in livestock productivity may be possible by availing better quality fodder in adequate quantity to the dairy farmers. Zinc deficiency might be a major factor for lower quality fodder of cowpea. Methods: The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design; comprised of three cowpea cultivars viz., C-152, MFC-08-14 and MFC-09-1 and five zinc management practices viz., control; 10 kg ZnSO4 as basal; 20 kg ZnSO4 as basal; 0.5% ZnSO4 as foliar spray at 20 DAS; 0.5% ZnSO4 as foliar spray at 20 and 40 DAS. Result: Results revealed that C-152 showed significantly better quality in terms of higher dry matter, crude protein and total ash; and lower acid insoluble ash, neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre and acid detergent lignin amongst all the three varieties. Though, remarkably higher ether extract was obtained with MFC-08-14. Among the zinc management practices, 20 kg ZnSO4 as basal (Zn3) and foliar application of 0.5% ZnSO4 at 20 and 40 DAS (Zn5) recorded significant improvement in fodder yield and quality traits of cowpea.
Evaluation of Soybean (Glycine max L.) Genotypes on the Basis of Biochemical Contents and Anti-oxidant Enzyme Activities
Authors: Sharma Akash , Tripathi M.K. , Tiwari Sushma , Gupta Neha , Tripathi Niraj , Mishra Nishi 
Published: August 2021

Background: Soybean is an important leguminous crop. Abnormal weather has played an enormous role in the strident decline in crop yields. Drought is considered as a significant abiotic factor responsible for yield reduction in soybean. Methods: The present work was carried out in order to screen soybean genotypes for their drought tolerance ability by means of different biochemical and antioxidant enzymatic activities responses. Conclusion: On the basis of biochemical parameters and anti-oxidant enzymatic activities, soybean genotype viz., RVS-211-77, RVS-211-75, NRC-7, SL-96, NRC-136, AMS100-39, SL-96, RVS-2012-01, RVS-211-73 and JS97-52 have been identified with better performance and can be used as parents for further crop improvement programme to breed drought tolerant variety.
Facebook as a learning platform in Algeria during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Ghounane Nadia 
Published: August 2021

With the dawn of high-tech phone applications and the constant spread of internet uses, social media networking sites have become a refuge for billions of users. Facebook is the leading social media tool and this research work aims to project light into the teaching/learning situation in the Algerian context, mainly the teaching of the English Language. A total of 80 Master’s students and 10 teachers from the Department of English Language and Literature at Saida were used as a case study. This is to provide an inkling on the most employed social platform in the teaching and learning process during the absence of face-to-face interaction. The research tools were mainly a questionnaire, an interview and a post-test assessment. From our results, Facebook was the second leading e-learning tool after Moodle platform during the pandemic. The paper recommends some strategies on how Facebook can be employed effectively in the teaching and learning process after the pandemic.

Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic, educational platforms, EFL learners, Facebook, higher education.
Portuguese as a foreign language textbooks: Framing the discourses on the teaching and learning of writing
Authors: Guerra Joaquim 
Published: August 2021

Textbooks are a resource that is widely used in language classes. For this reason, they are also one of the principal topics in research on the field of didactics. Several studies were conducted about Portuguese as mother tongue textbooks, but there is a lack of researches and information concerning the textbooks of Portuguese as a foreign language. In this study, the researcher analyses the discourse of the authors/editors in the ‘opening texts’ of textbooks for (European) Portuguese as a foreign language, for levels A1 and A2 of the Common European Framework of Reference. The study shows that writing competence is relatively neglected by the authors, and infers that might reflect the way that teaching and learning activities for writing are put into practice. Further research will allow to verify if there are indeed activities for learning to write and how they were thought out and organised.

Keywords: Language teaching, writing competencies, Portuguese, foreign language, textbooks, writing competencies.
Integrating culture in teaching literary texts and cultural taboos: Foreign language students’ perceptions and attitudes
Authors: Boubekeur Sihem 
Published: August 2021

Literature and culture intimately complement each other. Culture is a vehicle by which literary texts emanate values, social rules and beliefs. The connection between literature and culture must be tackled in foreign language classrooms for the ultimate objective of learning the target civilisation. The current research focuses primarily on the importance of bringing literature and culture into the classroom. The focal points of this paper are to shed lights on which cultures literature tutors ought to focus on, what kind of texts to expose students to, how best to lead teaching and which cultural themes need to be tackled. Classroom observational sessions are used for two academic years 2019–2020 and 2020–2021 with second-year students at Dr. Moulay Tahar University of Saida. The findings reveal that students do not favour texts that have cultural taboos. Thereby, using appropriate and interesting literature in the foreign language classroom would engage and motivate learners, as well as challenge their beliefs.

Keywords: Classroom, connection, culture, foreign language students, literature.
Watching English movies and proficiency development: Advanced learners’ perceptions and strategies
Authors: Daneshfard Farhang , Khosravian Elham , Alimorad Zahra , Honarparvaran Maryam , Tabe Bordbar Fatemeh 
Published: August 2021

Watching movies can help language learners improve their proficiency. However, important in this regard are what kinds of movies learners perceive as beneficial and how they benefit from watching movies. This study intended to discover advanced English learners’ perceptions and strategies regarding watching movies. To this aim, the researchers selected 34 advanced English learners in Iran. The participants completed a questionnaire and then the researchers interviewed them to find out their perceptions and strategies with regard to watching English movies. The findings suggested that the most favourite genres were comedy, documentary and animated movies, in the order given. Furthermore, the most common strategies used by the learners were writing down new vocabularies, reviewing them and using them in everyday situations. Moreover, advanced learners preferred to watch movies with English or no subtitles. The findings can aid English learners and teachers to become familiar with effective strategies regarding watching English movies.

Keywords: Advanced learners, English movies, learning strategies, learning perceptions, subtitles.