bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface slip variability on strike‐slip faults
Authors: Reitman Nadine G. , Mueller Karl J. , Tucker Gregory E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSlip in strike‐slip earthquakes is spatially variable along a fault, but the degree to which variability over short length scales is inherent to the rupture process or introduced by interpretation and measurement has not been quantified. In this study, we examine the effects of interpretation error on apparent short‐wavelength variability in surface slip distributions by comparing numerical landscape evolution models and recent ruptures on strike‐slip faults measured by hand and with image correlation. Surface slip distributions measured by hand from 63 strike‐slip earthquakes have average spatial variability (CVslip‐spatial = standard deviation/mean) of 0.43–0.52, and a total range of 0.14–1.14. Displacement measurements of offset geomorphic markers from numerical models that simulate constant slip along a fault have average spatial variability of ~0.25–0.40 when measured by hand and no spatial variability when measured by image correlation. Slip distributions from seven recent ruptures measured by image correlation have short‐wavelength variability of 0.09–0.29, which is considered inherent to how rupture propagates to the surface. Our results demonstrate that variability innate to the rupture process and introduced by interpretation both contribute substantially to the observed variability in slip distributions measured by hand. Resolving the extent to which short‐wavelength variability is inherent to rupture propagation through near‐surface material versus an artifact of interpretation furthers understanding of the relationship between surface rupture and fault mechanics and informs interpretation of slip distribution and slip‐per‐event in past earthquakes.
Photon to plate: A holistic view of photosynthetic and anthropogenic energy fluxes
Authors: Roney Heather E. , Walker Berkley J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractModern agriculture couples photosynthetic energy with human‐applied energy supplements (e.g., fertilizers, labor, cultivation) to feed a growing population. These energy supplements usually come from fossil fuels, presenting an opportunity to decrease fossil fuel required per calorie by improving photosynthetic efficiency. To quantify how improving photosynthetic efficiency would decrease the supplemental energy needed per calorie, we present a “photon to plate” life cycle analysis of energy flows (photosynthetic and human‐applied) needed to produce fresh‐cut fries. Our results show that photosynthetic inefficiencies require ~80 times the energy used to cultivate, harvest, transport and prepare fries for consumption and that improvements to photosynthesis could reduce the energy applied by humans per calorie by almost 40%. This study highlights the magnitude of energy used during photosynthesis and the potential for photosynthetic improvements to increase agricultural sustainability.
Evaluation for hierarchical diagnosis and treatment policy proposals in China: A novel multi‐attribute group decision‐making method with multi‐parametric distance measures
Authors: Xing Yuping , Wang Lin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe policy ‘hierarchical medical treatment system’ promulgated by the State Council of China is an effective way to solve the problem of insufficient and unbalanced medical resources. In response, governments in different provinces explore a variety of different strategies to promote this policy, producing different results. To better strengthen the policy development, it is worthy to help policy‐makers make decisions to elect the best one from different proposals. Thus, the aim of this paper is to develop a multi‐attribute group decision‐making (MAGDM) framework to better assist government select the optimal proposal. This study proposes a MAGDM method based on a family of q‐rung orthopair fuzzy interaction power point Hamy mean operators to solve the above problem. To this end, new multi‐parametric distance measures based on point operators in the framework of q‐rung orthopair fuzzy set are proposed. With the help of the point distance measures, new power point operators average operator is also proposed. The results show that the proposed MAGDM method in this paper outperforms some existing methods and provides promising results for policy‐makers seeking to identify the optimal hierarchical diagnosis and treatment policy (HDTP) proposal. Specifically, the results also revealed the best proposal for developing the HDTP proposals is Xiamen mode.
Work determinants of health: New directions for research and practice in human resource development
Authors: Shuck Brad , Hart Joy , Walker Kandi , Keith Rachel 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHealth is complex and involves an interplay of factors. Connected to the complexities of health are those social conditions in which people live. Such conditions are defined as social determinants of health (SDOH). Little research in the areas of SDOH has connected, under a guiding framework, how work and/or working conditions influence employee health. The purpose of our work was to introduce a new term – work determinants of health — and a potentially new line of research within HRD. Work determinants of health (WDOH) were defined as the organizationally attributable employment‐related conditions that influence individual and group differences in health risk and health status. Through our review of the HRD literature and neighboring disciplines, we proposed a work experience‐based organizing framework of four thematic areas as a starting point and potential structure for understanding WDOH. Those four areas were stress, capacity, the physical and social environment, and meaning in work. Specific implications for HRD including a call for transdisciplinary research and exploring funding opportunities are presented.
Long‐term disease control after upfront chemotherapy and surgery in a patient with primary prostate leiomyosarcoma
Authors: Kawaguchi Toshiaki , Tanaka Toshikazu , Ogasawara Masaru , Ikuya Iwabuchi 
Published: December 2021

IntroductionProstate leiomyosarcoma is a rare, aggressive neoplasm.Case PresentationA 52‐year‐old man presented with worsening frequent micturition and painful urination. Rectal examination revealed a significantly enlarged prostate. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a large prostate tumor with urinary bladder and bilateral seminal vesicle invasion. A prostate biopsy revealed diffuse proliferation of pleomorphic atypical cells. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis of prostrate leiomyosarcoma. The patient received three cycles of the mesna, doxorubicin, ifosfamide, and dacarbazine regime (mesna 6000 mg/m2, doxorubicin 60 mg/m2, ifosfamide 7500 mg/m2, and dacarbazine 900 mg/m2) at 4‐week intervals. The tumor shrank by 28% and exhibited necrotic changes. He underwent total pelvic exenteration with en bloc resection of the prostate, bladder, rectum, and anus. Pathological surgical margin was negative. The patient is alive with no disease at 5 years postoperatively.ConclusionNeoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgical resection are essential to achieve a long‐term survival of patients with localized prostate leiomyosarcoma.
A pre‐experimental evaluation of treatment gains associated with a DBT‐A partial hospitalization program
Authors: Lenz A. Stephen , Conte Garry Del , Douglas Cameron , Crenshaw Ayanna , Dobbs Christin , Stogner Emily , Williford Victoria 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis pre‐experimental evaluation of a dialectical behavior therapy for adolescents (DBT‐A) partial hospital program (PHP) explored intervention effects, proportions of clinical significance, and the degree that participant characteristics and DBT‐A treatment components predicted variance in outcomes. Participants were 74 adolescents who were receiving treatment for internalizing disorders (n = 62) and externalizing disorders (n = 12). All participants completed a 6‐week DBT‐A application. Data analyses indicated a statistically significant improvement in global symptoms indicative of treatment effects within the large to medium range. About half (n = 38, 51%) of the participants reported clinically significant treatment gains with another 23% signaling symptom reductions that represented improvement but were not clinically significant. Predictive analyses indicated equivalence of PHP response across age, gender, and ethnicity with the greatest proportions of variance among treatment gains accounted for by improvements in DBT‐A doing skills (emotion regulation, interpersonal effectiveness). Implications for DBT‐A practice are provided.
Assessing the utility of the XpertMycobacterium tuberculosis/rifampin assay for analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in patients with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Bai Wenjing , Liu Lingling , Wu Lianpeng , Chen Shanshan , Wu Shuangliao , Wang Zhihui , Xu Ke , Chi Qiong , Pan Yong , Xu Xueqin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is limited research assessing the utility of the XpertMycobacterium tuberculosis/rifampin (MTB/RIF) assay for the analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in Chinese patients with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). Thus, our objective was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay and evaluate its utility for the determination of rifampicin resistance.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed BALF from 214 patients with suspected PTB between January 2018 and March 2019. Using mycobacterial culture or final clinical diagnosis as the reference standard, the diagnostic accuracy of the smear microscopy (SM), tuberculosis bacillus DNA (TB‐DNA), Xpert MTB/RIF assay, and the determination of rifampicin resistance based on the Xpert MTB/RIF assay were compared.ResultsAs compared to mycobacterial culture, the sensitivity of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay, SM, and TB‐DNA were 85.5% (74.2%–93.1%), 38.7% (26.6%–51.9%), and 67.7% (54.7%–79.1%), respectively. As compared to the final diagnosis, the specificity of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay, SM, and TB‐DNA were 100.0% (95.9%–100.0%), 94.3% (87.1%–98.1%), and 98.9% (93.8%–100.0%), respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the rifampicin resistance detection using the Xpert MTB/RIF assay were 100% and 98.0%, respectively, with liquid culture as the reference.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that the analysis of BALF with the Xpert MTB/RIF assay provides a rapid and accurate tool for the early diagnosis of PTB. The accuracy of diagnosis was superior compared with the SM and TB‐DNA. Moreover, Xpert is a quick and accurate method for the diagnosis of rifampicin‐resistant tuberculosis and can also provide more effective guidance for the treatment of PTB or multidrug‐resistant tuberculosis (MDR‐TB).
Microproteins in skeletal muscle: hidden keys in muscle physiology
Authors: Bonilauri Bernardo , Dallagiovanna Bruno 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRecent advances in the transcriptomics, translatomics, and proteomics have led us to the exciting new world of functional endogenous microproteins. These microproteins have a small size and are derived from small open reading frames (smORFs) of RNAs previously annotated as non‐coding (e.g. lncRNAs and circRNAs) as well as from untranslated regions and canonical mRNAs. The presence of these microproteins reveals a much larger translatable portion of the genome, shifting previously defined dogmas and paradigms. These findings affect our view of organisms as a whole, including skeletal muscle tissue. Emerging evidence demonstrates that several smORF‐derived microproteins play crucial roles during muscle development (myogenesis), maintenance, and regeneration, as well as lipid and glucose metabolism and skeletal muscle bioenergetics. These microproteins are also involved in processes including physical activity capacity, cellular stress, and muscular‐related diseases (i.e. myopathy, cachexia, atrophy, and muscle wasting). Given the role of these small proteins as important key regulators of several skeletal muscle processes, there are rich prospects for the discovery of new microproteins and possible therapies using synthetic microproteins.
Effect of pulmonary training for community‐dwelling frail older adults with chronic stroke: A randomized controlled pilot trial
Authors: Maki Naoki , Sakamoto Harumi , Takata Yu , Taniguchi Keisuke , Wijesinghe Ashoka , Okamura Junko , Kawamura Tomoyuki , Yanagihara Takahiro , Saeki Yusuke , Kitazawa Shinsuke , Kobayashi Naohiro , Kikuchi Shinji , Goto Yukinobu , Ichimura Hideo , Sato Yukio , Yanagi Hisako 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundDecreased pulmonary function and poor deglutition are a major risk factor for poststroke aspiration pneumonia. We analyzed the benefits of pulmonary training on pulmonary function, deglutition, and quality of life (QOL) in community‐dwelling, frail elderly people with chronic stroke.MethodThis study was designed as an open, randomized, controlled pilot trial. The participants, who were frail older adults with a history of stroke, were randomized to 2 rehabilitation groups: intervention group (n = 15) and control (n = 15). All participants (65–94 years) attended twelve 20‐min sessions twice a week for 6 weeks of either standard rehabilitation (control group) or standard rehabilitation with pulmonary training including home pulmonary exercise (intervention group). The main outcome measures were pulmonary function (%MIP), deglutition (DRACE), and QOL (SF8･PCS), while secondary outcomes were muscle strength (grip and abdominal), thorax flexibility, 6‐min walk distance, and activities in daily living. All outcomes were measured both prior to training and after the 12 sessions.ResultsThe intervention group showed significant improvement in %MIP (95% CI, 2.9–31.6; p < 0.01), DRACE (95% CI, −4.1–0.1; p < 0.01), and SF8･PCS (95% CI, 2.5–7.2; p < 0.01) compared with controls. There were no cognitive function decline and higher brain dysfunction.ConclusionsThese results suggest that the addition of pulmonary training including home pulmonary exercise to a standard rehabilitation program could improve pulmonary function, deglutition, and QOL in frail elderly people with chronic stroke.
Healthcare use and RT‐PCR testing during the first wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic in Japan
Authors: Kurihara Masaru , Kamata Kazuhiro , Nakahara Shun , Kitazawa Kyoko , Koizumi Shunzo , Tokuda Yasuharu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundRapid testing, tracing, and isolation among symptomatic patients are the standard for controlling the COVID‐19. However, during spring 2020, Japan employed a RT‐PCR test policy by using a guideline, which was used for the public to visit hospitals or clinics when they had mild symptoms for 4 days or longer (“4‐day rule”) among low‐risk patients. It is unknown of patients’ experience of healthcare use and testing during the period under the guideline. Thus, we investigated the healthcare visiting and testing among patients who developed cold‐like symptoms during the period.MethodsOur survey was conducted online in September 2020 to a nationally representative sample of adults throughout Japan. We investigated the public's understanding of the guideline. In addition, we asked their experience with healthcare use and testing if they had noticed new‐onset cold‐like symptoms.ResultsOf 2,137 people surveyed, 1,698 (79.5%) recognized the guidelines, but 422 people (19.7%) misunderstood. There were 144 (6.7% of 2,137 people) who developed cold‐like symptoms, and many of them experienced difficulties in getting through telephone calls to a public health center, and 25 (17% of 144 people) visited healthcare institutions. Of these 25 symptomatic patients, 15 (60%) could not receive testing because of decisions by physicians (14 patients) or a local public health center (1 patient).ConclusionThere was a low use of healthcare and testing among symptomatic patients during the first wave of the pandemic in Japan. Testing capacity should be increased to provide effective care for patients with suspected COVID‐19 in Japan.
Sex and estrous‐phase dependent alterations in depression‐like behavior following mild traumatic brain injury in adolescent rats
Authors: Giacometti Laura L. , Huh Jimmy W. , Raghupathi Ramesh 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFollowing mild traumatic brain injury (TBI), high school and collegiate‐aged females tend to report more emotional symptoms than males. Adolescent male and female rats (35 days old) were subjected to mild TBI and evaluated for anxiety‐ and depression‐like behaviors using the elevated plus maze and forced swim test (FST), respectively, and cellular alterations. Injured brains did not exhibit an overt lesion, atrophy of tissue or astrocytic reactivity underneath the impact site at 6‐week post‐injury, suggestive of the mild nature of trauma. Neither male nor female brain‐injured rats exhibited anxiety‐like behavior at 2 or 6 weeks, regardless of estrous phase at the time of behavior testing. Brain‐injured male rats did not exhibit any alterations in immobility, swimming and climbing times in the FST compared to sham‐injured rats at either 2‐ or 6‐week post‐injury. Brain‐injured female rats did, however, exhibit an increase in immobility (in the absence of changes in swimming and climbing times) in the FST at 6 weeks post‐injury only during the estrus phase of the estrous cycle, suggestive of a depression‐like phenotype. Combined administration of the estrogen receptor antagonist, tamoxifen, and the progesterone receptor antagonist, mifepristone, during proestrus was able to prevent the depression‐like phenotype observed during estrus. Taken together, these data suggest that female rats may be more vulnerable to exhibiting behavioral deficits following mild TBI and that estrous phase may play a role in depression‐like behavior.
Input and output organization of the mesodiencephalic junction for cerebro‐cerebellar communication
Authors: Wang Xiaolu , Novello Manuele , Gao Zhenyu , Ruigrok Tom J. H. , De Zeeuw Chris I. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMost studies investigating the impact of the cerebral cortex (CC) onto the cerebellum highlight the role of the pons, which provides the mossy fibers to the cerebellum. However, cerebro‐cerebellar communication may also be mediated by the nuclei of the mesodiencephalic junction (MDJ) that project to the inferior olive (IO), which in turn provides the climbing fibers to the molecular layer. Here, we uncover the precise topographic relations of the inputs and outputs of the MDJ using multiple, classical, and transneuronal tracing methods as well as analyses of mesoscale cortical injections from Allen Mouse Brain. We show that the caudal parts of the CC predominantly project to the principal olive via the rostral MDJ and that the rostral parts of the CC predominantly project to the rostral medial accessory olive via the caudal MDJ. Moreover, using triple viral tracing technology, we show that the cerebellar nuclei directly innervate the neurons in the MDJ that receive input from CC and project to the IO. By unraveling these topographic and prominent, mono‐ and disynaptic projections through the MDJ, this work establishes that cerebro‐cerebellar communication is not only mediated by the pontine mossy fiber system, but also by the climbing fiber system.
Intraseasonal and synoptic climate variability of surface solar radiation over South‐West Indian Ocean: Regional climate modelling
Authors: Li Peng , Li Qi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe abundant surface solar radiation (SSR) over South‐West Indian Ocean (SWIO) presents significant temporal variability. To characterize this temporal variability is important for the application of solar energy, such as photovoltaic industry. This article studied the intraseasonal and synoptic climate variability of SSR by regional climate modelling over SWIO region. The regional climate model, RegCM4's skill is first evaluated through analysing the seasonal mean SSR with the precipitation, near surface temperature and total cloud cover in austral summer and winter. The basic validation of those simulated parameters with the reference data showed model's performance on SSR. The austral summer (November–February) 1999–2008 was chosen to search the Madden–Julian Oscillation patterns and tropical temperate troughs which are the major expression of intraseasonal and synoptic climate variability. The circulation, moisture fluxes, and radiation fluxes have been checked at the beginning for RegCM4's input dataset (ERA‐Interim) to find the signals. Then, the output simulation results were taking into account to see if the model can reproduce the intraseasonal and synoptic climate variability or not. SSR from SARAH‐E (CM SAF@5 km) as the reference dataset in the end has been used to validate the simulated patterns, which showed that the eastward SSR anomalies propagation and negative SSR anomalies bands can be observed in RegCM4 and the according satellite dataset. These results identified and explained SSR's intraseasonal and synoptic climate variability over SWIO region, which provide a way through RegCM to perform SSR's evaluation and prediction.
Estimating Clinically Meaningful Change of Efficacy Outcomes in Inadequately Controlled Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyposis
Authors: Han Joseph K. , Bachert Claus , Lee Stella E. , Hopkins Claire , Heffler Enrico , Hellings Peter W. , Peters Anju T. , Kamat Siddhesh , Whalley Diane , Qin Shanshan , Nelson Lauren , Siddiqui Shahid , Khan Asif H. , Li Yongtao , Mannent Leda P. , Guillemin Isabelle , Chuang Chien‐Chia 
Published: December 2021

Objectives/HypothesisClinical trials of biologics to treat chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) have evaluated objective outcomes (e.g., University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test [UPSIT], nasal polyps score [NPS], and computed tomography Lund‐Mackay score [CT‐LMK]) and patient‐reported symptoms (e.g., nasal congestion/obstruction [NC], loss of smell [LoS], and total symptom score [TSS]). We estimated anchor‐based thresholds for clinically meaningful change in objective and patient‐reported outcomes in patients with CRSwNP using data from LIBERTY NP SINUS‐24 and SINUS‐52 trials (NCT02912468; NCT02898454).MethodsTarget patient‐reported outcomes were NC, LoS, and TSS; target objective outcomes were UPSIT, NPS, and CT‐LMK. Anchor measures were the 22‐item sinonasal outcome test (SNOT‐22) rhinologic symptoms domain and total score and rhinosinusitis visual analog scale (VAS). The appropriateness of each anchor measure was evaluated by reviewing correlations between change in anchor measures and target outcomes and descriptive scores on target outcomes by levels of change in the anchor measure. Established thresholds for anchor measures (3.8 points for SNOT‐22 rhinologic symptoms, 8.9 points for SNOT‐22 total, 1‐category improvement for rhinosinusitis VAS) were used to estimate clinically meaningful score changes for each target outcome.ResultsBased on correlations between change in anchor measures and target outcomes, SNOT‐22 rhinologic symptoms domain was deemed the most appropriate anchor measure. Using this anchor measure, thresholds for clinically meaningful within‐patient change were NC: 1 point; LoS: 1 point; TSS: 3 points; UPSIT: 8 points; NPS: 1 point; and CT‐LMK: 5 points.ConclusionThese thresholds support interpretation of efficacy results for target outcomes in CRSwNP trials.Level of Evidence2 Laryngoscope, 132:265–271, 2022