bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical epidemiology of individuals with Sickle cell anemia using Hydroxyurea at Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
Authors: Osati Elisha , Kija Edward , Urio Florence , Lyimo Magdalena , Nkya Siana , Mmbando Bruno , Sangeda Raphael , Mariki Harvest , Msaki Evarist , Mgaya Josephine , Soka Deogratias , Tluway Furahini , Rwezaura Stella , Kindole Christina , Makongoro Musa , Makubi Abel , Makani Julie 
Published: June 2021

Background: The pathophysiology of sickle cell disease (SCD) is complex and involves nitric oxide depletion, increased inflammation/adhesion molecules and vaso-occlusion in addition to the chronic hemolytic anemia. This pathophysiology results in systemic clinical complications including recurrent episodes of severe pain, stroke, acute chest syndrome (ACS) and an increased susceptibility to infection. SCD severity varies among individuals and fetal hemoglobin (HbF) is known as a major modulator of the disease. To date, hydroxyurea (HU) is a known intervention that acts by increasing HbF in individuals with SCD. The increase in HbF reduces the risk of ‘sickling’ events and improves clinical outcomes. This is the first study on the use of HU in individuals with SCA in Tanzania.Methods: A case-control study to determine the proportion, indications, clinical and laboratory outcomes of SCD patients with HU use was conducted at Muhimbili National Hospital in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania.Results: Forty-two patients with Sickle cell anemia (SCA) on HU treatment and 32 patients with SCA not on HU treatment were enrolled. The proportion of HU use by individuals with SCA at Muhimbili National Hospital was 10 per 1000. The mean HbF % was 9.8 ± 2.4 vs 6.2 ±1.4 for controls (P <0.001). Thirty (71.4%) were enrolled for HU treatment due to central nervous system (CNS) events, frequent painful crises 11(26.2%) and recurrent anemia 1(2.4%). Thirty-two SCA patients (76.2%) reported improvements after being on HU for at least six months. Of these, 91% reported no history of severe pain that required hospitalizations since they started HU. Twenty patients (66.7%) out of those with CNS events reported not to have experienced convulsions after HU initiation.Conclusions: HbF was higher in patients who were on HU and had positive correlation with clinical outcomes. Further clinical trials are required to evaluate more effects of HU use among SCA individuals in Tanzania.
Keywords: Sickle cell anemia, HU, Fetal hemoglobin, Tanzania.
Exodus of Clinicians from Public Sector to Non-Clinical Practice in Private Sector in Dar es Salaam Tanzania; Exploring the Drivers
Authors: Temu Elice , Frumence Gasto , Sirili Nathanael 
Published: June 2021

Background: Globally, shortage of clinicians health workforce is among the major challenges facing the health systems of many countries including Tanzania. Migration of medical doctors from clinical practice to non-clinical practice partly contributes to this challenge. This study aimed to explore factors influencing Medical Doctors’ decision to migrate from clinical practice in the public sector to non-clinical practice in the private sector in Dar es Salaam Tanzania.Methods: An exploratory qualitative study was conducted using 12 in-depth interviews with medical doctors working in the private sector but formerly worked in the public health sector. Interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim and thematically analyzed.Results: Three main themes emerged; health system-level drivers that has three sub-themes, namely poor work environment, heavy workload due to shortage of clinicians and underfunded public health sector; individual-level drivers, which include four sub-themes: Age, area of specialization, marital status and empathy to patients; and external environment drivers consisting of two sub-themes: peer pressure and community culture.Conclusion: Improving the work environment through increased funding will partly address the main health system drivers underlying migration from the clinical practice. Furthermore, nurturing junior doctors to be enthusiastic and adapting to cultural shocks can partly help to address the individual and external drivers.
Keywords: Shortage, Medical Doctors, Clinicians, Physicians, migration, health workforce, Tanzania Clinical Practice, Non-Clinical Practice.
Reincarnation, Predestination and Moral Responsibility: Critical Issues in Akan Philosophy
Authors: Majeed H M 
Published: June 2021

African scholars such as Bolaji Idowu and John Mbiti have argued that belief in reincarnation is alien to African thought. However, this article argues that an adequate understanding of the Ghanaian Akan culture points to the presence of reincarnation in Akan, and for that matter African, philosophy. Nevertheless, unlike in Indian philosophy, for instance, where reincarnation depends on the quality of an individual’s moral life and is a means of ensuring moral responsibility, in Akan philosophy reincarnation is not dependent on moral considerations. Yet there is the idea of moral responsibility in Akan philosophy. The article interrogates how moral responsibility, an idea which is ordinarily regarded as reasonable in the presence of free will, is in the case of the Akan held alongside predestination. The article also reveals some serious philosophical difficulties which this Akan conception of moral responsibility generates in respect of the ‘reincarnated’ person. KeywordsReincarnation, predestination, moral responsibility, Akan philosophy, immortality, dualism, life and death
Responsabilidad social de la empresa Herdez como parte de su planeación estratégica
Authors: Jiménez Fernández Elsa 
Published: June 2021

Uno de los eventos importantes en la historia de la responsabilidad social de las empresas fue la Revolución Industrial, donde la responsabilidad empresarial no incluía el término social, sin embargo, este tema no es actual ya que desde el siglo XVIII fue considerada por los economistas clásicos como Smith, Marx, Owen entre otros y ha evolucionado por la situación ambiental social global, presión por los grupos de interés y la filantropía empresarial. En México los orígenes de la Responsabilidad Social se ubican hacia mediados del Siglo XX a insistencia de la COPARMEX y AC (USEM), además, es una nueva forma de hacer negocios que genera valor y prestigio a las empresas.
Algunos de los proyectos que desarrolla Herdez como empresa socialmente responsable son: generación de energía eólica para sus procesos, manejo de residuos, ahorro de agua, instalaciones economizadoras de combustible en calderas para evitar la generación de CO2, uso de gas natural. Otras actividades son uso de tecnologías limpias para evitar el daño al medio ambiente.
Además de lo anterior, tiene programas sociales en beneficio de las habitantes de la región donde esta instalada, como los programas de educación nutrimental, compite, entre otros.
Bacanora: Una bebida regional con denominación de origen que impulsa el turismo de reuniones
Authors: CLARK-MENDIVIL YESENIA , Esparza García Irma , Rodríguez García Martha 
Published: June 2021

México tiene 17 denominación de origen regulados por el instituto mexicano de la propiedad industrial ([IMPI]), mismos que se encuentran distribuidos a lo largo y ancho de todo el territorio mexicano: El estado de Sonora tiene una denominación de origen el “Bacanora” que es una bebida alcohólica regional que se produce a partir de la destilación del agave angustifolia haw por su nombre científico.

La oferta de productos y servicios en la industria del turismo del sur de Sonora es escasa, la necesidad de investigación, de formación, de mercadeo, de intercambio de ideas entre especialistas sobre el tema del turismo y considerando la oportunidad que el bacanora representa para el desarrollo de esta como la única bebida emblemática y con denominación de origen es una de las problemáticas a abordar en esta investigación.

La metodología empleada tiene un enfoque mixto con alcance exploratorio y descriptivo del fenómeno de la industria del Bacanora y del turismo de reuniones específicamente en eventos especializados como ferias y exposiciones de productos o servicios relacionados al tema del Bacanora que concurren en un área específica con el objetivo de promover negocios.
Los resultados que se presentan muestran de 410 sujetos participantes como asistentes al evento de Bacanora fest, destacando en su mayoría la presencia local, ya que se busca conocer las características de la población que asiste; el hallazgo encontrado muestra evidencia que las actividades de negocio, culturales, espectáculos y académicos fueron los más valorados por los asistentes, así como el impacto económico en la derrama económica que genera el desarrollo de estos festivales.
CUESTIONES CRUCIALES EN TORNO A UN CURRÍCULUM COMPLEJO
Authors: Avendaño Fernando , Ceretto Josefa García de Ceretto 
Published: June 2021

Comprender el curriculum en su propio estatuto complejo, en el laberinto de una educación en contextos de creciente complejidad, nos enfrenta a co-construirlo en su auto-eco organización para este cambio de época signado por la incertidumbre, por lo desconocido, por la increíble aventura de la humana condición, por las nuevas demandas de la educación y por el desafío epistemológico de la interdisciplinariedad y la transdisciplinariedad. Procuramos en este artículo cartografiar un caminar que transita marcos teóricos, metodológicos, y epistemológicos para pensar desde dónde elaborar una propuesta curricular para una cultura escolar de la conciliación, la participación, el compromiso, la comprensión, la afectividad, la vida. Nos planteamos el desafío de gestar y validar un curriculum para la era planetaria. Focalizamos el contenido de este texto en conocimientos atravesados por la humana condición, la dignidad humana, la vida ciudadana y la conciencia ética que demandan acciones facilitadoras de posibilidades y oportunidades para el cambio, la creación y la innovación.
Undivided heritage of the Ancient Rus (on the Celebration of the 1150th Anniversary of Russian Statehood)
Authors: Tkachenko V. 
Published: June 2021

The article reveals the policy of “privatization” of the history of ancient by today's leaders of the Russian Federation in the context of the celebration of their anniversary 1150th anniversary of Russian statehood. Instead of it an alternative version of the origin of Russia at an angle of world-systems analysis is proposed. The history of a society is an open system, and its development is not fatally doomed - there is always an alternative, not to mention the case of the game. This statement is particularly important now, when we are in the state of choice which depends on each of us.
It is noted that the history of Ukraine is a kind of illustration of the complexity and ambiguity of the main socio-cultural manifestations of the law - to determine the degree of civilization in the process of combining the specificity of cultural and social practices. The main dialectical contradiction, which was inherent in the gene pool of the Ukrainian people, which was formed after the collapse of Russia, was the fact that inherited mostly eastern, Greek-Byzantine religious and cultural traditions, through the influence of historical circumstances, should find an adequate response to the challenge from the public the political system of the West.
The Cultural and Educational Group of Ukrainian Officers Held as Prisoners of War in Josefstadt Camp in Austria (August 1917 – February 1918)
Authors: Sribnyak I. 
Published: June 2021

The article examines some aspects of organizational and national-patriotic activities of Ukrainian officers – members of cultural and educational circle created in the camp for prisoners of war Josefstadt (Austria-Hungary) in the second half of 1917 – early 1918. It became possible after Ukrainization of the camp and transfer to it of those Ukrainian officers who have expressed their consent in their reports to the Austrian camp commandant. Removal from Josefstadt of Russian reactionary elements created an opportunity to intensify the national-patriotic work among prisoners of war and promote the Ukrainian statehood ideology among officers.The creation of the organization of Ukrainian officers held in the camp was made possible thanks to the arrival to the camp library of Ukrainian books and journals, creation of various educational courses, delivering of lectures, the work of amateur theater and national-patriotic actions.
Issues of Formation of the Azerbaijan People, its Language and Culture in Iranian Historiography
Authors: Madatli E. 
Published: June 2021

The article states that almost half of the population of modern Iran are native speakers of the Turkic language or know the language because the Azerbaijani Turkic language is the means of communication understood by entire population of the historical Azerbaijan territories. It is noted that the Azerbaijan Turkic language is a communication tool for millions of people not only in the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Republic of Turkey but also in many countries around the world, where this language has been developed and enriched unlike Iran, where Azerbaijanians, who for centuries have been living in this country and make up more than a third of the population, are deprived of such opportunities. Instead of development and enrichment of the Azerbaijani language, its assimilation takes place in Iran and historians, linguists, representatives of the intelligentsia bear a certain responsibility for this unnatural process.
Impact of the Imperial State Tradition on Modernization in Contemporary Russia
Authors: Bulvinskiy A. 
Published: June 2021

The article explains the influence of imperial state tradition on the substance, direction and purpose of the modernization in contemporary Russia. One of the key factors of the imperial nature of the Russian statehood is the historically formed imperial consciousness of Russian elites and Russians as the dominant ethnic group, which is being constantly reproduced. Contemporary Russia pursues a strategy of defensive modernization that aims at overcoming the military-technical gap between Russia and the advanced Western countries. The Russian leadership has neither conducted nor planned modernization of the Russian state and political system on the basis of the principles of the real non-controllable democracy. It is shown that successful technological, economic, and especially political modernization is impossible without changing the socio-political model established in modern Russia.
European Political and Diplomatic Dialogue in the Institutional Space of International Relations of Early New Age (XVI-XVIII centuries)
Authors: Tsivatyi V. 
Published: June 2021

The article deals with the analysis of the foreign policy and diplomacy of the European states of the early Modern period (XVI-XVIII centuries). Particular attention is given to the institutional development of public and political opinion as well as to the institutional and diplomatic practices in Western and Central Europe. The author defines the directions of the theoretical and practical development of diplomacy and foreign policy in Europe of the early Modern period (XVI-XVIII centuries) as well as their formation peculiarities in the leading countries of Europe.
The Congress of Vienna (1814-1815) as an important historical event for political, diplomatic and institutional development of Europe is analyzed. The attention is paid to the diplomatic tools, national peculiarities of negotiations at the Congress. The results of the Congress of Vienna served as an important stimulus for the further socio-economic, political and diplomatic development of Europe. Practical achievements of the Congress of Vienna and the experience gained by the European diplomacy of the late XVIII – early XIX century determined the future institutional development of world diplomacy and international law, having its relevance for today.
PECULIARITIES OF THE US-EU RELATIONS: EVOLUTION AND PROSPECTS
Authors: Lakishyk D. 
Published: June 2021

It is argued that the US-European relations, regardless of the position of the US as a single global state, are based on the principles of interdependence. Conflicts that arise on specific issues are not of strategic and decisive character. They cannot provoke fundamental conflict, primarily because of similar values and targets in the conduct of foreign policy.
Changing the status of the EU “traditional ally” into the status of “essential partner” is caused by the need to clearly define European interests in transatlantic cooperation. Relations between the EU and the US are based on protecting the interests and priorities of each party, in addition to the policy of compromise. Now the format of transatlantic cooperation is multilateral, negotiation basis of US foreign practices is combined with cooperation with the EU, confirming the practical transition of Washington to renovation of collective action. Filling the US-European relations with “global context” changes transatlantic partnership both in content and in form. The US and EU continue to be among the leaders in world politics that get additional opportunities for development and implementation of a common position on many global issues thanks to strategic partnership.
Declassified Archives of the Auction House “Adolf Weinmüller”
Authors: Soloshenko V. 
Published: June 2021

The focus of the article is given to the role and place of the auction house “Adolf Weinmüller” in Nazi art trade. Found that this famous art auction house in Munich laid background Modern Art in Munich and the auction house “Neumeister”. The owner of the auction house – “Neumeister” K. Stoll encouraged researching the history of Nazism by studying the case of Adolf Weinmüller’s archival documents. Emphasized that opening access to private archives of the auction house “Neumeister” – successor house of “Adolf Weinmüller”, which was not only to cause a breakthrough in solving crimes of the National Socialists but an important step in overcoming the consequences of totalitarianism in Germany. It is important to note that such explicit steps still do not dare any auction house in Germany. Thus was laid the scientific for a number of projects to find and declassification of archival documents.
Russian State Mind from the Point of View of the Osman-Russian Imperial Comparative Studies
Authors: Makarenko V. 
Published: June 2021

To adequately formulate the problem of the empire in history and in modern Russia, a distance is required in relation to concepts that are developed by representatives of official science and propaganda within Russia and by Russian scientists outside the country. The concept of distance allows to master the theoretical space of the solid work of Dominic Lieven in the context of modern Russian transformations with simultaneous distancing from political conjuncture and intellectual and political fashions. These refinements make it possible to introduce the necessary concretization into the concept of D. Lieven and to determine the agenda of the discussion on the problem of Russian state mind in the context of the Ottoman-Russian comparative studies. The article systemizes the general problems of the Russian Empire until 1917 and poses the problem of their reproduction in modern Russia.
The Interned Soldiers of UРR Army at the Camp Stshalkovo in Poland (the Second Half of 1921 – the Beginning of 1922): the Moral and Life Conditions
Authors: Sribnyak I. 
Published: June 2021

The article analyzes the moral condition and conditions of staying of interned Ukrainian soldiers in the camp of Stshalkovo (Poland) in the second half of 1921 – early 1922. Based on the use of a wide range of archival sources, the author concludes that the camp everyday life of the wartime period was marked by significant difficulties due to its extraordinary crowding and presence in the camp of interned and captured soldiers of other formations (Balahovtsy and Red Army soldiers). The lack of any material resources, the lack of adequate and high-quality food, the lack of fuel for heating booths, anti-Ukrainian agitation, led to the fact that a part of Ukrainian soldiers lost national moral values.
In order to prevent the demoralization of Ukrainian warfare, the command of the group tried to intensify cultural and educational work in the camp, but due to lack of premises and lack of resources, it slowly collapsed. Some of the interned ones did not withstand the burden of hopeless and burdensome camping munitions, and left the camp in search of better living conditions. Obviously, this was a dangerous trend, and the command of the interned troops in various ways tried to prevent it from further spreading. The leader of the group A. Pиzitsky was particularly opposed to the destructive processes in the camp. His measures were fully understood and supported by the higher military leadership of the Armed Forces and the Government of the UPR.
The European Model of Diplomacy and National Features of the Foreign Service of Spain, Italy and France Concerning the Early Time of Modern Period (XVI-XVIII centuries)
Authors: Tsivatyi V. 
Published: June 2021

The basic directions of foreign policy and diplomacy features of formation models in France, Italy and Spain in the early Modern period (XVI-XVIII century) are analyzed in the article. Particular attention is given to institutional development, achievements, problems and prospects of French, Italian and Spanish diplomatic services in the context of European development of the studying period. Attention is paid to the peculiarities of national diplomacy and foreign policy of Spain, Italy and France, which have centuries-old historical traditions and stages of institutional development. In the history of the diplomatic services of these States and institutional development in the history of their external relations diplomacy has always been regarded as part of the political culture, as one of the most important means of protecting the state’s interests in the process of state building and socio-cultural development of societies.
Slavic Federation and “Free Union”, or Ukrainian Debates on Federalism in the “Long XIX Century”
Authors: Korolyov G. 
Published: June 2021

The article describes the development and perception of federalism by Ukrainian intellectuals in the “long XIX century”. The genesis of federalist ideas in East Central Europe is highlighted under the influence of the Great French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars. Federalist projects of Masonic and Decembrist organizations were analyzed, which had a decisive influence on the Ukrainian debate on federalism; considered the interpretation of federalist utopias of the Cyril and Methodius’ Brotherhood, particularly his ideologist M. Kostomarov. The thesis on the intellectual interactions between various federalist ideas of Ukrainian intellectuals was proved. The federalist views of M. Dragomanov, who became one of the most outstanding federalist speakers in Europe, are highlighted in the context of nation-building. His project “Vilna Spilka-Volny Soyuz” (“Free Union”) is regarded as a classical federalist utopia.