bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evapotranspiration trends and variability in southeastern South America: The roles of land‐cover change and precipitation variability
Authors: Ruscica Romina C. , Sörensson Anna A. , Diaz Leandro B. , Vera Carolina , Castro Aline , Papastefanou Phillip , Rammig Anja , Rezende Luiz F. C. , Sakschewski Boris , Thonicke Kirsten , Viovy Nicolas , von Randow Celso 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSoutheastern South America is subject to considerable precipitation variability on seasonal to decadal timescales and has undergone very heavy land‐cover changes (LCCs) since the middle of the past century. The influence of local LCC and precipitation as drivers of regional evapotranspiration (ET) long‐term trends and variability remains largely unknown in the region. Here, ensembles of stand‐alone dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) with different atmospheric forcings are used to disentangle the influence of those two drivers on austral summer ET from 1950 to 2010. This paper examines the influence of both the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the dipole‐like first‐mode of southeastern South American precipitation variability (EOF1) on regional ET. We found that in the lower La Plata Basin, ET was driven by precipitation variability and showed a positive summer trend. Moreover, the region showed marked seasonal anomalies during El Niño and La Niña summers but mainly during EOF1 phases. On the contrary, in the upper La Plata Basin, LCCs forced the negative summer ET trend and particularly reduced the summer anomalies of the late 1990s, a period of ENSO and EOF1‐positive phases. In the South Atlantic Convergence Zone region, the high ET uncertainty across ensemble members impeded finding robust results, which highlights the importance of using multiple DGVMs and atmospheric forcings instead of relying on single model/forcing results.
Why Do Political Elites Fracture? The Unusual Case of the Yugoslav Communist Elite
Authors: Flere Sergej , Rutar Tibor 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAfter World War II, Yugoslavia as a state was reconstituted by a small communist elite. Since this was an ideocratic rule, ideology was taken seriously by the elite and treated enthusiastically. One of the elite’s initial goals was to speedily develop Yugoslavia, so that a Western level of economic development be achieved. Economic disparities among regions were also to have been overcome. For various reasons, this objective was never close to being achieved, although in certain periods economic development was strong. The elite tried to speed up growth by various incentives, including worker self‐management. Failure to achieve this goal and various economic troubles first precipitated mutual acrimony within the elite along national lines, while at the next stage, it brought about ethnic segmentation of the elite itself. By 1972, the elite had dissolved into national, although still communist, elites. The major reasons for this process are found in the very failure to achieve the developmental goal, in the consociational nature of the political system, and in the nature of the political elites, which were national ones. Elite segmentation sheds important light on the dissolution of the Yugoslav state.
“Palestine’s Robin Hood”: Abu‐Jildeh and the Making of a Social Bandit
Authors: Chetrit Shlomi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study explores the history of Palestinian Arab outlaw Abu‐Jildeh (∼1900–1934), as a case study for constructing a social bandit image. Between May 1933 and April 1934, following several robberies and murders, Abu‐Jildeh was Palestine’s most wanted criminal. The British‐led Palestine Police Force’s failure to arrest the bandit, despite significant efforts, further enhanced Abu‐Jildeh’s public image, making him an Arab folk hero and symbol of resistance to the British Mandate government. The research used British archival sources, Palestinian Arab and Jewish press articles, memoirs, and oral history to propose a valid historical narrative and uncover the facts behind a typical social bandit myth. These enable retracing the actions of the three main actors in Abu‐Jildeh’s saga: the outlaw himself, the police hunting him, and the local Arab press, who glorified him. Seen in the context of contemporary Arab political and national climate in Palestine, the interplay between bandit, police, and press shows how an ordinary, “opportunistic,” criminal transformed into a national hero, regardless of his actions.
Eustace the Monk: Banditry, Piracy and the Limits of State Authority in the High Middle Ages
Authors: Lehr Peter 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBandits have been popular ‘heroic’ individuals throughout history. Many of them also proved to be quite useful figures, allowing interested parties to fill in gaps in their capacities on the quick by way of co‐opting them. Such ‘interested parties’ even included kings, whose authority still was a rather limited one. A particularly glaring gap in their authority existed at sea: keeping a fleet at the ready was quite expensive, and affordable only for a few rich exceptions. Everyone else had to make use of naval mercenaries–pirates with a license. One of the most illustrious medieval examples of such maritime entrepreneurs is Eustace the Monk. His colourful life includes being a monk, the seneschal of the Count of Boulogne, a bandit and pirate after he fell out with the count, and finally naval mercenary first for King John of England, then for King Philip Augustus of France. This contribution focuses on Eustace the Monk's maritime career. It will do so by assessing the political constellation and culture of his days which made it possible in the first place.
Progression of muscle loss and fat accumulation in a rabbit model of rotator cuff tear
Authors: Vargas‐Vila Mario A. , Gibbons Michael C. , Wu Isabella T. , Esparza Mary C. , Kato Kenji , Johnson Seth D. , Masuda Koichi , Ward Samuel R. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRotator cuff (RC) tears present a treatment challenge due to muscle atrophy and degeneration, fatty infiltration, and fibrosis. The purpose of this study was to generate a high time‐resolution model of RC tear in rabbits and to characterize the progression of architectural and histological changes. Thirty‐five female New Zealand White rabbits (age: 6 months) underwent left supraspinatus tenotomy. Five rabbits were used to evaluate immediate muscle architectural changes. The remaining 30 rabbits underwent right shoulder sham surgery and sacrifice at 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 weeks. Histology was used to quantify muscle fiber cross‐sectional area (CSA), muscle degeneration and regeneration, and fat localized to inter‐ versus intrafascicular regions. Muscle fiber CSA decreased by 26.5% compared to sham at 16 weeks (effect of treatment, p < 0.0001). Muscle degeneration increased after tenotomy (effect of treatment, p = 0.0006) without any change in regeneration. Collagen and fat content increased by 4 weeks and persisted through 16 weeks. Interfascicular fat was increased at all time points, but intrafascicular fat was increased only at 1, 4, and 16 weeks posttenotomy. Intrafascicular fat adjacent to degenerating muscle fibers increased as well (effect of treatment, p < 0.0001; effect of time, p = 0.0102). Statement of clinical relevance: Rabbit supraspinatus tenotomy recapitulates key features of the pathophysiology of human RC tears, including muscle atrophy and degeneration, lack of regeneration, fat accumulation, and fibrosis.
Ultraviolet resonance Raman spectroscopy of anthracene: Experiment and theory
Authors: Holtum Tim , Bloino Julien , Pappas Christos , Kumar Vikas , Barone Vincenzo , Schlücker Sebastian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractUltraviolet resonance Raman (UVRR) scattering is a highly sensitive and selective vibrational spectroscopic technique with a broad range of applications from polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to biomolecular systems (peptides/proteins and nucleic acids) and catalysts. The interpretation of experimental UVRR spectra is not as straightforward as in purely vibrational Raman scattering (Placzek approximation) due to the involvement of higher lying electronic states and vibronic coupling. This necessitates the comparison with theoretical UVRR spectra computed by electronic structure calculations. Anthracene is an ideal model system for such a comparison between experiment and theory because it is rigid, symmetric, and of moderate size. By taking into account Herzberg–Teller contributions including Duschinsky effects, bulk solvent effects, and anharmonic contributions, a good qualitative agreement close to the resonance condition is achieved. The present study shows that within the framework of time‐dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT), a general and robust approach for the analysis and interpretation of resonance Raman spectra of medium‐ to large‐size molecules is available.
Rapid identification of chemical constituents of Rhodiola crenulata using liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry pseudotargeted analysis
Authors: Chen Kuikui , Liu Jie , Ma Zhaochen , Duan Feipeng , Guo Zhonghui , Xiao Hongbin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRhodiola crenulata (R. crenulata), is a famous traditional Chinese medicine, with observable effects such as anti‐high‐altitude illness and fatigue resistance. Nevertheless, comprehensive and systematic structural identification of its components remains a challenge. In this study, a pseudotargeted analytical method, involving key fragment filtering by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry and ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography‐linear ion trap‐Orbitrap mass spectrometry, was developed for rapid detection and identification of the chemical constituents of R. crenulata. The process consists of three steps: (i) acquiring sufficient mass spectral data, (ii) constructing a key fragments schedule and discovering the substructures rapidly by pseudotargeted key fragment filtering, and (iii) further identification of the compound structures based on accurate masses, fragment ions, related literatures, and authentic standards. As a result, 104 compounds were identified and divided into five categories, among which three potentially new and 59 ones were reported for the first time in R. crenulata. These results indicated that the major types of components are flavanols and gallic acid derivatives, organic acids, alcohols and their glycosides, flavonoids and their glycosides. This study enhances the understanding of R. crenulata and provides a reference for rapid and comprehensive identification of constituents in other herbal medicines.
Measurement of Pubofemoral Distance in the Diagnosis of Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip: Sensitivity and Specificity
Authors: Motta Giovanna Galvão Braga , Chiovatto Alessandra Rodrigues Silva , Chiovatto Eduardo Davino , Duarte Marcio Luís , de Lourenço Alexandre Francisco , Takahashi Marcelo Straus , Rodrigues Natasha Vogel Majewski , Iared Wagner 
Published: August 2021

ObjectivesTo evaluate the accuracy of measurement of the pubofemoral distance (PFD) for the diagnosis of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), using the Graf method as the reference standard.MethodsThis was a prospective diagnostic accuracy study evaluating 1980 hips in at‐risk neonates. The PFD measurement and the Graf method were performed at the same opportunity, with the hips in the same position (slightly flexed, adducted, and medially rotated).ResultsIn our sample, the prevalence of DDH, defined as Graf type IIb or higher, was 15.6%. The mean PFD for dysplastic hips was 3.5 mm (median, 3.3 mm), whereas it was 3.0 mm (median, 2.9 mm) for nondysplastic hips. In both groups, there was a significant overlap between the PFD measurements and the Graf classifications. The PFD cutoff with the largest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 3.0 mm, which was found to have a sensitivity and specificity of 63.6 and 62.2%, respectively, with positive and negative predictive values of 31.2 and 71.4%, respectively, for the diagnosis of DDH.ConclusionMeasurement of the PFD shows good overall accuracy for the diagnosis of DDH. However, given its low‐positive predictive value, it should not be considered to be a replacement for the Graf method.
Otolaryngologist Characteristics and Outlier Use of Balloon Sinuplasty in the Medicare Population
Authors: Exilus Smirnov D. , Haut Elliot R. , Canner Joe , Boss Emily F. , Rowan Nicholas R. 
Published: August 2021

ObjectiveBalloon sinuplasty (BSP) is associated with varied practice patterns. This study sought to identify otolaryngologist characteristics associated with BSP utilization.Study DesignRetrospective analysis of Medicare claims data and the National Physician Compare database.MethodsOutlier otolaryngologists were compared to non‐outliers. Otolaryngologist characteristics included sex, practice size, geographic setting, years of experience, procedure setting, 10 or fewer endoscopic sinus surgeries per year for 3 or more years, and high number of services per unique Medicare beneficiary. Outlier status was defined as performing an annual total of balloon procedures of 2 standard deviations (SDs) above the mean for all otolaryngologists in the same year.ResultsBetween January 2012 and December 2017, 1,408 otolaryngologists performed 101,662 endoscopic sinus surgeries and 97,680 BSP procedures. Sixty‐six outlier otolaryngologists (4.7%) accounted for 44.3% of all BSP procedures. Outlier status was associated with practice size of 10 or fewer individual providers (OR, 5.15; 95% CI, 2.73–9.74; P < .001), performance of 10 or fewer total endoscopic sinus surgeries per year for 3 or more years (OR, 3.90; 95% CI, 1.59–9.57; P = .003), and high number of overall services per beneficiary (OR 6.70; 95% CI, 1.19–37.84; P = .031). Provider sex, years of experience, and geographic setting were not associated with outlier status.ConclusionOutlier BSP patterns are associated with a few otolaryngologists who are more likely to be identified in small practices and record low numbers of endoscopic surgeries. Although BSP is an appropriate and effective tool, identification of outlier patterns may help to facilitate peer‐to‐peer counsel.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 132:1340–1345, 2022
The contribution of ecosystem restoration to sustainable development goals in Asian drylands: A literature review
Authors: Yao Ying , Fu Bojie , Liu Yanxu , Wang Yijia , Song Shuang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe multiple effects of ecosystem restoration programmes deserve attention. After reviewing the social‐ecological effects of 23 ecosystem restoration programs in Asia's drylands, we find that these programmes mainly contribute to sustainable development goals (SDGs) synergistically, but the trade‐offs between social‐ecological effects still exist. Among the five goals of SDG15 (Life on Land), SDG13 (Climate Action), SDG6 (Clean Water and Sanitation), SDG1 (No poverty), and SDG2 (Zero Hunger), 11 programs can synergistically achieve no less than three goals, especially grassland restoration and water diversion in China, as well as water management programmes in Israel. However, the contribution of ecosystem restoration programs to SDG15 easily weakens SDG6, SDG1, and SDG2, indicating the competition of land and water between ecosystem restoration and agriculture. To reduce the trade‐offs among SGDs caused by ecosystem restoration, we propose the social‐ecological system research framework of 'Dryland Boundary – Water, Food, Energy and Ecosystem Nexus – Meta‐coupling – Nature‐based Solutions' to guide the implementation of ecosystem restoration programmes from four aspects: supply–demand matching, element matching, regional matching, and local adaptation.
A virtual sub‐internship for otolaryngology‐head and neck surgery
Authors: Bernstein Jeffrey D. , Ball Laurel L. , Nardone Zachary B. , Watson Deborah 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic, away rotations were suspended for safety purposes. This led to the development of online interactive learning modules for students, now known as virtual sub‐internships (VSIs). To date, VSIs within otolaryngology‐head and neck surgery (OHNS) have been limited in their description and design.Study designCross‐sectional survey.SettingACGME‐accredited OHNS residency program.MethodsOur curriculum for an OHNS VSI is presented. Based on the model used by our OHNS residency program, the VSI consisted of a 2‐week block of activities and interactive small‐group discussions. A post‐VSI feedback survey was distributed to participants; results are reported.ResultsSix 2‐week VSI sessions were administered. Twenty‐one individuals participated from all US regions, median 4 individuals per session. Fifteen participants (71.4%) completed the feedback survey. Of survey respondents, 20% lacked a home OHNS residency program, and no respondents' home‐programs featured a VSI. All respondents were satisfied with the schedule and organization of the VSI, and 73.3% (11 of 15) felt it was of appropriate duration. All respondents reported a high degree of familiarity with the program, with a greater (86.7%) or equal (13.3%) level of interest in applying to the residency program as a result of participating in the VSI.ConclusionThis VSI curriculum offers a well‐received virtual learning experience for medical students applying to OHNS residency. It provides an opportunity for programs to expand their appeal to potential applicants who may otherwise be restricted in their ability to travel.
Antimicrobial Peptides: The Promising Therapeutics for Cutaneous Wound Healing
Authors: Miao Fengze , Li Ying , Tai Zongguang , Zhang Yong , Gao Yue , Hu Menghong , Zhu Quangang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractChronic wound infections have caused an increasing number of deaths and economic burden, which necessitates wound treatment options. Hitherto, the development of functional wound dressings has achieved reasonable progress. Antibacterial agents, growth factors, and miRNAs are incorporated in different wound dressings to treat various types of wounds. As an effective antimicrobial agent and emerging wound healing therapeutic, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have attracted significant attention. The present study focuses on the application of AMPs in wound healing and discusses the types, properties and formulation strategies of AMPs used for wound healing. In addition, the clinical trial and the current status of studies on “antimicrobial peptides and wound healing” are elaborated through bibliometrics. Also, the challenges and opportunities for further development and utilization of AMP formulations in wound healing are discussed.
Energetics and mechanisms for decomposition of cationized amino acids and peptides explored using guided ion beam tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Armentrout P. B. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFragmentation studies of cationized amino acids and small peptides as studied using guided ion beam tandem mass spectrometry (GIBMS) are reviewed. After a brief examination of the key attributes of the GIBMS approach, results for a variety of systems are examined, compared, and contrasted. Cationization of amino acids, diglycine, and triglycine with alkali cations generally leads to dissociations in which the intact biomolecule is lost. Exceptions include most lithiated species as well as a few examples for sodiated and one example for potassiated species. Like the lithiated species, cationization by protons leads to numerous dissociation channels. Results for protonated glycine, cysteine, asparagine, diglycine, and a series of tripeptides are reviewed, along with the thermodynamic consequences that can be gleaned. Finally, the important physiological process of the deamidation of asparagine (Asn) residues is explored by the comparison of five dipeptides in which the C‐terminal partner (AsnXxx) is altered. The GIBMS thermochemistry is shown to correlate well with kinetic results from solution phase studies.
Applications and continued evolution of glycan imaging mass spectrometry
Authors: McDowell Colin T. , Lu Xiaowei , Mehta Anand S. , Angel Peggi M. , Drake Richard R. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGlycosylation is an important posttranslational modifier of proteins and lipid conjugates critical for the stability and function of these macromolecules. Particularly important are N‐linked glycans attached to asparagine residues in proteins. N‐glycans have well‐defined roles in protein folding, cellular trafficking and signal transduction, and alterations to them are implicated in a variety of diseases. However, the non‐template driven biosynthesis of these N‐glycans leads to significant structural diversity, making it challenging to identify the most biologically and clinically relevant species using conventional analyses. Advances in mass spectrometry instrumentation and data acquisition, as well as in enzymatic and chemical sample preparation strategies, have positioned mass spectrometry approaches as powerful analytical tools for the characterization of glycosylation in health and disease. Imaging mass spectrometry expands upon these strategies by capturing the spatial component of a glycan's distribution in‐situ, lending additional insight into the organization and function of these molecules. Herein we review the ongoing evolution of glycan imaging mass spectrometry beginning with widely adopted tissue imaging approaches and expanding to other matrices and sample types with potential research and clinical implications. Adaptations of these techniques, along with their applications to various states of disease, are discussed. Collectively, glycan imaging mass spectrometry analyses broaden our understanding of the biological and clinical relevance of N‐glycosylation to human disease.
UV‐vis spectroscopy of gas‐phase ions
Authors: Tureček František 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPhotodissociation action spectroscopy has made a great progress in expanding investigations of gas‐phase ion structures. This review deals with aspects of gas‐phase ion electronic excitations that result in wavelength‐dependent dissociation and light emission via fluorescence, chiefly covering the ultraviolet and visible regions of the spectrum. The principles are briefly outlined and a few examples of instrumentation are presented. The main thrust of the review is to collect and selectively present applications of UV‐vis action spectroscopy to studies of stable gas‐phase ion structures and combinations of spectroscopy with ion mobility, collision‐induced dissociation, and ion–ion reactions leading to the generation of reactive intermediates and electronic energy transfer.
Usher syndrome type 2A complicated with glycogen storage disease type 3 due to paternal uniparental isodisomy of chromosome 1 in a sporadic patient
Authors: Wang Hua , Huo Liang , Wang Yajian , Sun Weiwei , Gu Weiyue 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe condition of uniparental disomy (UPD) occurs when an individual inherits two copies of a chromosome, or part of a chromosome, from one parent. Most cases of uniparental heterodisomy (UPhD) do not cause diseases, whereas cases of uniparental isodisomy (UPiD), while rare, may be pathogenic. Theoretically, UPiD may cause rare genetic diseases in a homozygous recessive manner.MethodsA 4‐year‐old girl presented with congenital hearing loss, developmental delay, hepatomegaly, and other clinical features. She and her parents were genetically tested using trio whole exome sequencing (Trio‐WES) and copy number variation sequencing (CNV‐seq). In addition, we built a structural model to further examine the pathogenicity of the UPiD variants.ResultsTrio‐WES identified a paternal UPiD in chromosome 1, and two homozygous pathogenic variants AGL c.4284T>G/p.Tyr1428* and USH2A c.6528T>A/p.Tyr2176* in the UPiD region. We further analyzed the pathogenicity of these two variations. The patient was diagnosed with Usher syndrome type 2A (USH2A) and glycogen storage disease type III (GSD3).ConclusionsOur study reports a rare case of a patient carrying two pathogenic variants of different genes caused by paternal UPiD, supporting the potential application of Trio‐WES in detecting and facilitating the diagnosis of UPD.