bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The implementation and impact of a pilot hydrocele surgery camp for LF-endemic communities in Ethiopia
Authors: Beyene Andualem Deneke , Kebede Fikreab , Mammo Belete Mengistu , Negash Biruck Kebede , Mihret Addisalem , Abetew Solomon , Oucha Asfaw Kejella , Alene Shigute , Backers Sharone , Mante Sunny , Sifri Zeina , Brady Molly , McPherson Scott 
Published: October 2021

Background
Ethiopia aims to eliminate lymphatic filariasis by 2020, through a dual approach of mass drug administration to interrupt transmission and morbidity control which includes making hydrocele surgery available in all endemic areas. Locating patients requiring surgery, providing high quality surgeries, and following up patients are all formidable challenges for many resource-challenged or difficult-to-reach communities. To date, hydrocele surgery in Ethiopia has only occurred when a patient has the knowledge, time and resources to travel to regional hospitals. Ethiopia tested the novel approach of using a surgical camp, defined as mobilizing, transporting, providing surgery at a static site, and following up of a large cohort of hydrocele patients within a hospital’s catchment area, to address delays in seeking and receiving care.

Methodology and results
Health extension workers mobilized 252 patients with scrotal swelling from a list of 385 suspected hydrocele cases from seven endemic districts in the region of Beneshangul-Gumuz. Clinical health workers and surgeons confirmed 119 as eligible for surgery. Of 70 additional patients who self-referred, 56 were eligible for surgery. Over a two-week period at a regional hospital, 175 hydrocele excision surgeries were conducted. After discharge three days after surgery, trained clinical health workers followed up with the patients on Day 5, Day 8, Day 14 and 1st-month benchmarks with a randomized follow-up of a selection of patients conducted at 9–12 months. There were no post-operative complications upon discharge at Day 3 and 22, while minor complications occurred (12.6%) between Day 3 and one month. The 9–12 month follow-up found patients self-reported an improvement in quality of life, health and economic status.

Conclusion
A hydrocele surgery camp was effective at providing a large number of quality surgeries in a short time. Using peripheral health workers to mobilize and follow up patients helped address delays in seeking and receiving quality care. Mainstreaming patient mobilization and follow-up into a community health system could be effective in other countries. The camp’s results also influenced two regions in Ethiopia to change their policies in order to offer free hydrocele surgery (including patient transport, consultation, surgery, diagnostic tests and necessary medications).
High-rate laser processing with ultrashort laser pulses by combination of diffractive elements with synchronized galvo scanning
Authors: Gafner Markus , Remund Stefan M. , Chaja Michalina W. , Neuenschwander Beat 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe combination of diffractive optical elements or spatial light modulators with fully synchronized galvo scanners offers a possibility to scale up machining processes with ultra-short pulses to several 100 W of average power with minimal thermal impact. This will be demonstrated with the high-rate applications multi-pulse drilling on the fly and material removal with special intensity distributions up to an average power of 162 W and a removal rate of 16.5 mm3/min. Based on the experimental results strategies to achieve drilling rates of several 10,000 holes/s or removal rates of multiple 10 mm3/min will be discussed.
Labor Analgesia reduces the risk of postpartum depression: A cohort study
Authors: Ren Li , Chen Qibin , Min Su , Peng Fangliang , Wang Bin , Yu Jian , Zhang Yuxi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Postpartum depression (PPD) is a frequent mental disorder after delivery. In China, most parturients give birth with the assistance of labor analgesia (LA) or by cesarean section (CS); however, it is still unclear whether these two approaches reveal different effects on PPD.

Methods
One hundred and ninety-eight patients with single pregnancy at full term were allocated to receive either group LA or group CS. Maternal and neonatal variables in the perinatal period were recorded. Multivariate logistical regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the associated factors of PPD.

Results
The incidence of PPD in group LA was lower than in group CS. Besides, eight factors were found to be potential predictors of PPD. Multivariate logistic model showed that LA was a protective factor against PPD. However, high family income and Edinburgh postnatal depression scale (EPDS) scores at 3 days postpartum were associated with an increased risk of PPD.

Conclusion
LA could reduce the incidence of PPD in women with single pregnancy at full term. Family income and EPDS scores in the early postpartum period were also related with PPD. Large sample size studies are needed to verify the impact of LA on the psychological states of postpartum women.
The Usage of 'Otsukare' among Japanese Students
Authors: Santiar Lea , Dewangga Jascha 
Published: October 2021

Greetings are one of the keys to strike a conversation. The relationship between the speakers could be measured through the greetings used. Therefore understanding greeting usage is necessary for maintaining an interpersonal relationship. Nevertheless, there seems to be a difference between greetings thought within Japanese textbooks and greetings in daily usage. Thus, this study will discuss the usage of ‘otsukare’ in Japan, especially amongst Japanese university students. The textbook "Minna no Nihongo" will be used to comprehend how aisatsu is taught to Japanese language learners. In this research, Japanese university students will answer a questioner regarding the usage of ‘otsukare’. A questionnaire was designed based on sociolinguistics concepts to discover how Japanese university students use ‘otsukare’, such as when to whom, and in what manner. 40 university students of native Japanese participated and as the result, four points were discovered regarding the usage of ‘otsukare’ First, ‘otsukare’ is used to greet seniors, juniors, and friends. Second, native Japanese speakers prefer to use ‘otsukare’ on departing. Third, nevertheless, some people also use ‘otsukare’ to greet people as an opening greeting. Native Japanese speakers consider the usage of ‘otsukare’ in the morning as opening greetings is not against the rule of greetings. Finally, the gap between Japanese teaching abroad is that ‘otsukare’ is not proper to be used as an opening greeting.
Operando bulk and interfacial characterization for electrochemical energy storage: Case study employing isothermal microcalorimetry and X-ray absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Li Wenzao , Vila Mallory N. , Housel Lisa M. , Sadique Nahian , Renderos Genesis D. , Ehrlich Steve , Bock David C. , Wang Lei , Takeuchi Kenneth J. , Takeuchi Esther S. , Marschilok Amy C. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The global shift to electricity as the main energy carrier will require innovation in electrochemical energy storage (EES). EES systems are the key to the “electron energy economy,” minimizing losses and increasing reliability between energy supply and demand. However, steep challenges such as cost, cycle/calendar life, energy density, material availability, and safety limit widespread adoption of batteries for large-scale grid and vehicle applications. Battery innovation that meets today’s challenges will require new chemistries, which can originate from understanding charge transport phenomena at multiple time and length scales. The advancement of operando characterization can expedite this progress as changes can be observed during battery function. This article highlights progress in bulk and interfacial operando characterization of batteries. Specifically, a case study involving Fe3O4 is provided demonstrating that combining X-ray absorption spectroscopy and isothermal microcalorimetry can provide real-time characterization of productive faradaic redox processes and parasitic interfacial reactions during (de)lithiation.

Graphic abstract
Encouraging a Crime in Criminal Law: Historical Analysis and Foreign Experience
Authors: Titova A. S. 
Published: October 2021

The paper examines the institution of encouraging a crime in a criminal legal aspect. The absence in criminal law of a comprehensive unified understanding of the encouraging a crime, reflecting its key characteristics and features, causes difficulties in law enforcement practice. The author notes that in order to form a unified understanding of this legal phenomenon, a retrospective analysis of the institution of encouraging a crime in Russian criminal law, a study of the foreign legislation of some European countries, the United States of America, as well as the states of the post-Soviet space on the issue of criminalization of encouraging activities is necessary. The paper provides an analysis of the international practice of the European Court of Human Rights on the issue of understanding encouraging to commit a crime and its permissible limits. A study of the decisions of an international judicial body showed that the concept of encouraging a crime the way a court understands it is based on procedural and substantive criteria that reflect the specifics of encouraging a crime. However, the legal position of the European Court of Human Rights, which equates encouraging a crime with “incitement”, which is the basis for the normative regulation of investigative activities, paved the way for correlating encouraging a crime with the institution of complicity in criminal law. Thus, a historical analysis of the institution of encouraging a crime, a study of foreign regulatory legal acts establishing criminal liability for encouraging a crime, as well as a study of the practice of the European Court of Human Rights will allow a detailed and comprehensive consideration of the investigated legal phenomenon for the development and formation of a single criminal law concept of encouraging crimes. Based on the research results, the author proposes a definition of encouraging a crime.
Os embolamentos do tráfico de drogas em Porto Alegre pela ótica do interacionismo radical |Gangs of drug traffic in Porto Alegre from a radically-interctionist point of view
Authors: Warmling Barros Betina 
Published: October 2021

O trabalho busca compreender as possibilidades de utilizar a abordagem teórica do “interacionismo radical”para o estudo da temática dos chamados coletivos criminais do tráfico de drogas do Brasil. Assim, retoma-se a constituição do interacionismo simbólico, traçam-se as principais distinções da sua versão radical e articula-se a produção sociológica sobre os coletivos criminais do tráfico de drogas no Brasil contemporâneo. Após, utiliza-se de produção empírica sobre a temática do tráfico de drogas realizada com adolescentes internados, para propor a possibilidade de utilização do interacionismo radical na abordagem do tema, o que pode se constituir: a) pelos processos de dominação dos agentes mais velhos que fazem parte do tráfico; b) pela observação das operações veladas de dominação; c) pela centralidade que o status social adquire na constituição do fenômeno da violência.
Influence of Microcracks on Stress Sensitivity in Tight Sandstone
Authors: Wu Zhenkai , Zhang Jie , Li Xizhe , Xiao Hanmin , Liu Xuewei , Rao Yuan , Li Yang , Luo Yongcheng , Ma Longfei 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Stress sensitivity occurs throughout the reservoir development process, especially in the study of low permeability tight reservoir, considering the influence of stress sensitivity is particularly important. When studying stress sensitivity, the current main experimental methods are variable confining pressure and variable fluid pressure methods, but they cannot simulate the stress sensitivity during water injection development. Therefore, in this paper, an experimental stress sensitivity method that can be used to study the depletion mining and water injection development processes is established. In addition, the influence of different degrees of microcrack development on the stress sensitivity of the reservoir is investigated. The results of this study show that under the experimental conditions described in this article, the loading of axial compression plays a role of preloading stress and realizes the whole process of stress sensitivity under the condition that the fluid pressure is lower than the confining pressure. In the experiment, the permeability growth rate of matrix cores does not exceed 20%. For cores containing microcracks, when the axial pressure was less than 30 MPa, the permeability slowly increased with increasing fluid pressure. When the axial pressure was 30 MPa, the permeability changes are mainly divided into two stages. In the first stage, the microcracks are closed under compressive stress. At this time, the microcracks have a limited impact on the seepage capacity. The permeability increases slowly with increasing fluid pressure. In the second stage, the permeability rapidly increases after the microcracks open. These two stages can be described by two straight lines. The slope of the first line has nothing to do with the development of microcracks; the higher the degree of microcrack development, the greater the slope of the straight line of the second stage. For all of the cores, the permeability decreases as the axial pressure increases.
Synbiotic Supplementation And Oxalate Homeostasis In Rats: Focus On Microbiota Oxalate-Degrading Activity
Authors: Stepanova Natalia , Akulenko Iryna , Serhiichuk Tetyana , Dovbynchuk Taisa , Savchenko Svitlana , Tolstanova Ganna 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background The present study aimed (i) to evaluate whether ceftriaxone treatment could affect not only intestinal oxalate-degrading bacteria number but their total activity to degrade oxalate and influence oxalate homeostasis in rats, (ii) to test the effect of commercially available probiotics and a synbiotic on total fecal oxalate-degrading activity, (iii) and to estimate the ability of synbiotic to restore fecal oxalate-degrading activity and ceftriaxone-induced disruption of oxalate homeostasis in rats. Methods Twenty-eight female Wistar rats (200-300 g) were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 7). Group 1 was treated with vehicle sterile water (0.1 ml, i.m., 14 days); Group 2 received synbiotic (30 mg/kg, per os, 14 days); Group 3 was treated with ceftriaxone (300 mg/kg, i.m., 7 days); Group 4 was supplemented with ceftriaxone and synbiotic. Oxalate-degrading bacteria number and their total activity, urinary and plasma oxalate concentrations were measured on days 1 and 57 after the treatment withdrawal. Results Ceftriaxone treatment reduced total fecal oxalate-degrading activity independently on oxalate-degrading bacteria number and increased urinary and plasma oxalate concentrations. The synbiotic had a high oxalate-degrading activity vs probiotics and was able to restore fecal oxalate-degrading activity and significantly decrease urinary oxalate excretion in antibiotic-treated rats. Conclusion Total fecal oxalate-degrading activity but not oxalate-degrading bacteria number should be thoroughly examined in the future to develop predictive diagnostics methods, targeted prevention and personalized treatment in kidney stone disease. Synbiotic supplementation had a beneficial effect on the total oxalate-degrading activity of gut microbiota, which resulted in decreased UOx excretion in rats.
Durable antimicrobial adhesion cotton textiles based on borneol-based anti-MRSA finishing agent
Authors: Xu Jiangqi , Li Xia , Yu Wenjing , Wang Xing , Ma Jianzhong 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
There is an urgent need to develop novel antimicrobial cotton textiles (CT) because microbial contamination is one of the greatest threats to public health due to the emerging of infectious diseases and drug-resistant pathogens. In this work, an isocyanate group containing borneol-based antimicrobial finishing agent (NCO-B) was developed which can be covalently grafted to the surface of cotton textiles by a simple one-step method. The obtained NCO-B-finished CT (NCO-B-CT) exhibited broad-spectrum antimicrobial adhesion properties against bacteria (E. coli), including superbugs (MRSA), and fungi (A. niger). Due to its unique antimicrobial mechanism of borneol stereochemistry, the obtained NCO-B-CT is a non-releasing antimicrobial material which causes no skin sensitization and has no cytotoxicity. The mechanical properties of the CT were also improved after this finishing process. Additionally, it displayed durable washing fastness and antimicrobial properties by bearing 50 times laundering cycles. Therefore, this material may have great potential for application in multifunctional textiles, flexible skin electronics and medical protection.
Evolutionary trajectory of SARS-CoV-2 genome
Authors: Wang Anyou 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Traditionally alignment-based phylogenetics faces challenges to uncover the evolutionary trajectory of SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2). This study develops a novel alignment-free system and reveals the evolutionary trajectory of SARS-CoV-2 from more than one million of genome sequences. This new system contains Fréchet distance(Fr) and artificial recurrent neural network. Fr computes the distance between variant and reference genome, which is decomposed into 84 features (4 single nucleotides, 16 dinucleotides and 64 codons). Recurrent neural network predicts and forecasts time-series Fr trajectory, inferring SARS-CoV-2 evolutionary trajectory. Generally SARS-CoV-2 genome mutates rapidly via deletion during COVID-19 pandemic. Among single nucleotides, C mutates fast but T changes slowly. C-prefix dinucleotide (e.g. CG and CT) also loses dramatically during evolution. Similarly, the virus genome also deletes several codons prefixed by C (e.g. CCT) but gains several T and A prefix codons (e.g.TTA and ATT) during its evolution. Interestingly, codon CCT and CT centrally control the entire SARS-CoV-2 genome, and their evolutionary trajectories fit COVID-19 cases spike. Therefore C-prefix feature trajectory marks SARS-CoV-2 evolution.
Caregivers Perspective Towards Use of Enteral Lactoferrin Supplementation In Newborn Infants; Formative Research Findings
Authors: Ariff Shabina , Soofi Sajid , Aamir Almas , Khowaja Saleema , Khalid Javairia , Hussain Imtiaz , Memon Zahid , D'Almeida Michelle , Alam Neeloy , Dibley Michael J 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Infection is the second most leading cause of neonatal deaths in Pakistan. Lactoferrin is a naturally occurring protein found in human milk which can prevent neonatal infections and improve the survival of high-risk, low birth weight newborns. Bovine lactoferrin (bLF) has been recognized as a safe nutrient with no adverse effects. The aim of this study was to explore routine newborn care practices, care seeking attitudes, and assess the acceptability and the optimal method of administering bLF at the household level.Method: Exploratory qualitative research design was adopted. Thirty in-depth interviews with mothers, grandmothers and fathers of low birthweight (LBW) infants were conducted at postnatal wards and the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of the Aga Khan University Hospital. Eleven of these families were also recruited for a trial of improved practices (TIPs) to assess the feasibility and the method of administration of bLF prior to the main trial. Interviews were recorded and analyzed using thematic analysis.Result: Most study participants consider birthweight as a predictor of neonatal health outcomes. Caring of LBW newborns was identified as a physically and emotionally overwhelming experience. Majority of mothers believed that LBW babies are prone to infections, gastrointestinal, respiratory and developmental problems. Fathers and grandmothers were major decision makers in the family and supported the use of bLF in LBW newborns. Parents, who used bLF were satisfied with feeding method and frequency of bLF. Conclusion: Our formative study found that participants were willing to use bLF for feeding LBW babies. However, educating mothers, fathers and grandmothers is crucial for successful uptake of the intervention. Bovine lactoferrin is a safe and easy to administer according caregivers of LBWs babies. It also has potential to be translated into a safe and effective intervention for LBW babies to prevent sepsis.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03431558.
Downbeat delays are a key component of the swing feel in jazz
Authors: Nelias Corentin , Sturm Eva Marit , Albrecht Thorsten , Hagmayer York , Geisel Theo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The swing feel is a salient feature of jazz music, yet its main psychoacoustical and musical constituents have remained elusive - save the obvious long-short subdivision of quarter notes. In particular, the possible role of microtiming deviations for the swing feel has been a subject of long-standing controversy. Adopting an operational definition of swing we present a study which ultimately demonstrates a positive effect of certain microtiming deviations on the swing feel. We manipulate the timing of original piano recordings to carry out an experiment with expert jazz musicians measuring the swing feel of different timing conditions. Thereby we prove that slightly delayed downbeats and synchronized offbeats of a soloist with respect to a rhythm section enhance the swing feel. Analyzing a set of 456 full solo performances we find that many jazz musicians do use minute downbeat delays and we characterize the dependence of the average downbeat delay on tempo and swing ratio. These results show that systematic microtiming deviations in the form of downbeat delays are a key component of the swing feel in jazz.
Calibration of a Distributed Hydrological Model (VIC-3L) Based On Global Water Resources Reanalysis Dataset
Authors: Koohi Sakineh , Azizian Asghar , Brocca Luca 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The lack of observed flow datasets for calibration of rainfall-runoﬀ models imposes fundamental problems for the applicability of them in most catchments, especially in poorly gauged or ungauged river basins. By developing satellite technologies over the past decades, several water balance components globally databases by remote sensing and data assimilation techniques have been developed and provided to researchers. This study performs various products of surface soil moisture (ASCAT, HTESSEL, HBV, and LISFLOOD), evapotranspiration (W3RA, GLEAM, HBV and Ensemble), and surface runoff (SURFEX-TRIP and Ensemble) to the calibration of the macro-scale hydrological model (VIC-3L) over the SefidRood basin (SRB) in Iran. Results show that using the distributional approach and applying LISFLOOD lead to an acceptable performance in the flow hydrograph simulation than others with Nash-Sutcliffe (NS) values of 0.68 and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) values of 64.84 m3/s. Among the studied evapotranspiration sources, the GLEAM daily and monthly time scales with NS values of 0.59 and 0.51, respectively, have better performance than other products in the simulation of flow hydrograph. Based on the results, the application of evapotranspiration has been better than soil moisture and surface runoff in estimating low-flows. Finally, results indicated that the multi-objective approach (GLEAM and ASCAT) had better performance than single-objective calibration to estimate runoff volume with Relative Error = 9.1 %. This study encourages applying the re-analysis database to hydrological models' calibration process to estimate discharge in data-limited areas.