bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wobbling double sine-Gordon kinks
Authors: Campos João G. F. , Mohammadi Azadeh 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We study the collision of a kink and an antikink in the double sine-Gordon model with and without the excited vibrational mode. In the latter case, we find that there is a limited range of the parameters where the resonance windows exist, despite the existence of a vibrational mode. Still, when the vibrational mode is initially excited, its energy can turn into translational energy after the collision. This creates one-bounce as well as a rich structure of higher-bounce resonance windows that depend on the wobbling phase being in or out of phase at the collision and the wobbling amplitude being sufficiently large. When the vibrational mode is excited, the modified structure of one-bounce windows is observed in the whole range of the model’s parameters, and the resonant interval with higher-bounce windows gradually increases with the wobbling amplitude. We estimated the center of the one-bounce windows using a simple analytical approximation for the wobbling evolution. The kinks’ final wobbling frequency is Lorentz contracted, which is simply derived from our equations. We also report that the maximum energy density value always has a smooth behavior in the resonance windows.
Dynamics of a lattice 2-group gauge theory model
Authors: Bochniak A. , Hadasz L. , Korcyl P. , Ruba B. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We study a simple lattice model with local symmetry, whose construction is based on a crossed module of finite groups. Its dynamical degrees of freedom are associated both to links and faces of a four-dimensional lattice. In special limits the discussed model reduces to certain known topological quantum field theories. In this work we focus on its dynamics, which we study both analytically and using Monte Carlo simulations. We prove a factorization theorem which reduces computation of correlation functions of local observables to known, simpler models. This, combined with standard Krammers-Wannier type dualities, allows us to propose a detailed phase diagram, which form is then confirmed in numerical simulations. We describe also topological charges present in the model, its symmetries and symmetry breaking patterns. The corresponding order parameters are the Polyakov loop and its generalization, which we call a Polyakov surface. The latter is particularly interesting, as it is beyond the scope of the factorization theorem. As shown by the numerical results, expectation value of Polyakov surface may serve to detects all phase transitions and is sensitive to a value of the topological charge.
Composite Higgs revealed in Higgs pair photo-production at future colliders
Authors: Bharucha A. , Cacciapaglia G. , Deandrea A. , Gaur N. , Harada D. , Mahmoudi F. , Sridhar K. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The next generation electron-positron colliders are designed for precision studies of the Standard Model and its extensions, in particular in the Higgs sector. We consider the potential for discovery of composite Higgs models in Higgs pair production through photon collisions. This process is loop-generated, thus it provides access to all Higgs couplings and can show new physics effects in polarized and unpolarized cross-sections starting at relatively low collider energies. It is, therefore, relevant for all electron-positron colliders planned or in preparation. Sizeable deviations from the Standard Model predictions are present in a general class of composite Higgs models, as couplings of one or more Higgs bosons to fermions, or fermionic and scalar resonances, modify the destructive interference present in the Standard Model. In particular, large effects are due to the new quartic coupling of the Higgs to tops and to the presence of a light scalar resonance.
Modeling chemical reactions in porous media: a review
Authors: Detmann Bettina 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFirst, different porous media theories are presented. Some approaches are based on the classical mixture theory for fluids introduced in the 1960s by Truesdell and Coworkers. One of the first researchers who extended the theory to porous media (thus mixtures containing at least one solid constituent) and also accounting for chemical reactions was Bowen. Another important branch of porous media theory goes back to Biot. In the beginning, he dealt with classical geotechnical problems and set up his model empirically. Mathematicians often use reaction–diffusion equations which are limited in comparison with continuum models by several restrictive assumptions and very often only applicable to special problems. In this paper, the focus lies on approaches based on the mixture theory which incorporate chemical reactions. Different strategies to describe the chemical potential for mixtures are presented, and different opinions about the exploitation of the second law of thermodynamics for mixtures are put forward. Finally, several works of different types including chemical reactions in porous media are summarized.
Less hip range of motion is associated with a greater alpha angle in people with longstanding hip and groin pain
Authors: Estberger August , Pålsson Anders , Kostogiannis Ioannis , Ageberg Eva 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurposeA higher alpha angle has been proposed to correlate with lower hip range of motion, but the association in people with longstanding hip and groin pain is currently unclear. The aims were to: (1) assess the association between range of motion and alpha angle in patients with longstanding hip and groin pain; (2) examine if a cut-off value in range of motion variables could identify patients with an alpha angle above or below 60°.MethodsSeventy-two participants were consecutively recruited from an orthopaedic department after referral for hip- and groin-related pain. Passive hip range of motion was measured in flexion, internal rotation with 90° hip flexion, internal rotation in neutral hip position, external rotation with 90° hip flexion, and abduction. The alpha angle was calculated from a frog-leg lateral radiograph. Linear regression examined the association between range of motion and alpha angle, and an ROC-curve analysis was performed to identify the sensitivity and specificity of range of motion cut-offs.ResultsLower range of motion in internal rotation in flexion, external rotation, and abduction were associated with higher alpha angle. Internal rotation of 27° or less displayed good sensitivity (81%) and specificity (85%) to detect an alpha angle above 60°, while a cut-off of 41° in external rotation and 27° in abduction showed a sensitivity of 72% and specificity of 50% and 60%, respectively.ConclusionLess internal rotation in flexion, external rotation, and abduction are associated with a greater alpha angle in a cohort of people with longstanding hip and groin pain. A cut-off of 27° in internal rotation has good sensitivity and specificity to identify people with an alpha angle above or below 60° and have the potential to be used in the clinical setting to identify patients that require further imaging, or that are unlikely to have cam morphology.Level of evidenceII.
Hierarchical correction of p-values via an ultrametric tree running Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process
Authors: Bichat Antoine , Ambroise Christophe , Mariadassou Mahendra 
Published: September 2021

AbstractStatistical testing is classically used as an exploratory tool to search for association between a phenotype and many possible explanatory variables. This approach often leads to multiple testing under dependence. We assume a hierarchical structure between tests via an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process on a tree. The process correlation structure is used for smoothing thep-values. We design a penalized estimation of the mean of the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process forp-value computation. The performances of the algorithm are assessed via simulations. Its ability to discover new associations is demonstrated on a metagenomic dataset. The corresponding R package is available fromhttps://github.com/abichat/zazou.
Improved models for operation modes of complex compressor stations
Authors: Hiller Benjamin , Saitenmacher René , Walther Tom 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe study combinatorial structures in large-scale mixed-integer (nonlinear) programming problems arising in gas network optimization. We propose a preprocessing strategy exploiting the observation that a large part of the combinatorial complexity arises in certain subnetworks. Our approach analyzes these subnetworks and the combinatorial structure of the flows within these subnetworks in order to provide alternative models with a stronger combinatorial structure that can be exploited by off-the-shelve solvers. In particular, we consider the modeling of operation modes for complex compressor stations (i.e., ones with several in- or outlets) in gas networks. We propose a refined model that allows to precompute tighter bounds for each operation mode and a number of model variants based on the refined model exploiting these tighter bounds. We provide a procedure to obtain the refined model from the input data for the original model. This procedure is based on a nontrivial reduction of the graph representing the gas flow through the compressor station in an operation mode. We evaluate our model variants on reference benchmark data, showing that they reduce the average running time between 10% for easy instances and 46% for hard instances. Moreover, for three of four considered networks, the average number of search tree nodes is at least halved, showing the effectivity of our model variants to guide the solver’s search.
Systems analysis of miRNA biomarkers to inform drug safety
Authors: Schofield Amy L. , Brown Joseph P. , Brown Jack , Wilczynska Ania , Bell Catherine , Glaab Warren E. , Hackl Matthias , Howell Lawrence , Lee Stephen , Dear James W. , Remes Mika , Reeves Paul , Zhang Eunice , Allmer Jens , Norris Alan , Falciani Francesco , Takeshita Louise Y. , Seyed Forootan Shiva , Sutton Robert , Park B. Kevin , Goldring Chris 
Published: September 2021

AbstractmicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are short non-coding RNA molecules which have been shown to be dysregulated and released into the extracellular milieu as a result of many drug and non-drug-induced pathologies in different organ systems. Consequently, circulating miRs have been proposed as useful biomarkers of many disease states, including drug-induced tissue injury. miRs have shown potential to support or even replace the existing traditional biomarkers of drug-induced toxicity in terms of sensitivity and specificity, and there is some evidence for their improved diagnostic and prognostic value. However, several pre-analytical and analytical challenges, mainly associated with assay standardization, require solutions before circulating miRs can be successfully translated into the clinic. This review will consider the value and potential for the use of circulating miRs in drug-safety assessment and describe a systems approach to the analysis of the miRNAome in the discovery setting, as well as highlighting standardization issues that at this stage prevent their clinical use as biomarkers. Highlighting these challenges will hopefully drive future research into finding appropriate solutions, and eventually circulating miRs may be translated to the clinic where their undoubted biomarker potential can be used to benefit patients in rapid, easy to use, point-of-care test systems.
Numerical approximation of control problems of non-monotone and non-coercive semilinear elliptic equations
Authors: Casas Eduardo , Mateos Mariano , Rösch Arnd 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe analyze the numerical approximation of a control problem governed by a non-monotone and non-coercive semilinear elliptic equation. The lack of monotonicity and coercivity is due to the presence of a convection term. First, we study the finite element approximation of the partial differential equation. While we can prove existence of a solution for the discrete equation when the discretization parameter is small enough, the uniqueness is an open problem for us if the nonlinearity is not globally Lipschitz. Nevertheless, we prove the existence and uniqueness of a sequence of solutions bounded in $$L^\infty (\varOmega )$$

L
∞

(
Ω
)

and converging to the solution of the continuous problem. Error estimates for these solutions are obtained. Next, we discretize the control problem. Existence of discrete optimal controls is proved, as well as their convergence to solutions of the continuous problem. The analysis of error estimates is quite involved due to the possible non-uniqueness of the discrete state for a given control. To overcome this difficulty we define an appropriate discrete control-to-state mapping in a neighbourhood of a strict solution of the continuous control problem. This allows us to introduce a reduced functional and obtain first order optimality conditions as well as error estimates. Some numerical experiments are included to illustrate the theoretical results.
Maximal spaces for approximation rates in $$\ell ^1$$-regularization
Authors: Miller Philip , Hohage Thorsten 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe study Tikhonov regularization for possibly nonlinear inverse problems with weighted $$\ell ^1$$

ℓ
1

-penalization. The forward operator, mapping from a sequence space to an arbitrary Banach space, typically an $$L^2$$

L
2

-space, is assumed to satisfy a two-sided Lipschitz condition with respect to a weighted $$\ell ^2$$

ℓ
2

-norm and the norm of the image space. We show that in this setting approximation rates of arbitrarily high Hölder-type order in the regularization parameter can be achieved, and we characterize maximal subspaces of sequences on which these rates are attained. On these subspaces the method also converges with optimal rates in terms of the noise level with the discrepancy principle as parameter choice rule. Our analysis includes the case that the penalty term is not finite at the exact solution (’oversmoothing’). As a standard example we discuss wavelet regularization in Besov spaces $$B^r_{1,1}$$

B

1
,
1

r

. In this setting we demonstrate in numerical simulations for a parameter identification problem in a differential equation that our theoretical results correctly predict improved rates of convergence for piecewise smooth unknown coefficients.
Genotype by environment interaction for physiological traits in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) parents and hybrids using additive main effects and multiplicative interaction model
Authors: Abbasi Zahra , Bocianowski Jan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe objective of this study was to assess genotype by environment interaction for 21 physiological traits in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) parents and hybrids grown in Rodasht Agricultural Research Station in Iran by the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction model. The study comprised of 51 sugar beet genotypes [10 multigerm pollen parents, four monogerm seed parents and 36 F1 hybrids], evaluated at four environments in a randomized complete block design, with three replicates. The additive main effects and multiplicative interaction analyses revealed significant environment main effects with respect to all observed traits, except extraction coefficient of sugar. The additive main effects and multiplicative interaction stability values ranged from 0.009 (G17 for leaf Ca2+) to 9.698 (G09 for extraction coefficient of sugar). The parental forms 2 7233-P.29 (G38) and C CMS (G49) as well as hybrids 2(6)*C (G27) and 5*C (G33) are recommended for further inclusion in the breeding programs because of their stability and good average values of observed traits.
First Clinical Results of the Merit WRAPSODY™ Cell-Impermeable Endoprosthesis for Treatment of Access Circuit Stenosis in Haemodialysis Patients
Authors: Gilbert James , Rai Jason , Kingsmore David , Skousen John , Ptohis Nikolaos 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose
This prospective, observational first in human study evaluated the safety and effectiveness of WRAPSODYTM Cell-impermeable Endoprosthesis (Merit Medical Systems, Inc.) in the treatment of arteriovenous fistula and arteriovenous graft access circuit stenosis.

Materials and Methods
Investigators conducted a prospective analysis of 46 patients with access circuit stenosis from three centres. Treatment sites included the peripheral outflow veins (e.g. cephalic arch, basilic vein swing point; 16 fistula and 10 graft patients); the graft-vein anastomosis (9 patients); and the central veins (up to, but not including the SVC; 11 patients). Primary outcome measures included 30-day freedom from access circuit-related safety events and 30-day target lesion primary patency. Secondary outcome measures included procedural success; device- and procedure-related adverse events; target lesion primary patency; access circuit primary patency; and secondary patency. In-person follow-up was scheduled at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. An independent data monitoring/clinical event committee adjudicated all reinterventions and device/procedure-relatedness for adverse events.

Results
All initial procedures were successful. All but one patient was free from safety events through the first 30 days (97.8% (45/46)). This event was not device-related. Over the remainder of the study, one adverse event was adjudicated as possibly device-related. Six- and 12-month target lesion primary patency rates were 97.7% (42/43) and 84.6.% (33/39), respectively. Six- and 12-month access circuit primary patency rates were 84.4% (38/45) and 65.9% (29/44), respectively.

Conclusion
Results suggest that the study device is safe and effective for treatment of stenoses in the peripheral and central veins of arteriovenous access circuits.

Level of Evidence
Level 2b, cohort study.
Spatial scale dependence of the relationship between turbulent surface heat flux and SST
Authors: Sun Xiaoshan , Wu Renguang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study investigates the spatial scale dependence of relationship between turbulent surface heat flux (SHF) and sea surface temperature (SST) variations in the mid-latitude frontal zones, subtropical gyres, and tropical Indo-western Pacific region in winter and summer with daily observational data. A comparison of the SHF and SST/SST tendency correlation between 1° and 4° spatial scale displays a decrease of the positive SHF–SST correlation and an increase of the negative SHF–SST tendency correlation as the spatial scale increases in all the above regions. The lead–lag SHF and SST/SST tendency correlation at different spatial scales illustrates an obvious transition from the oceanic forcing to the atmospheric forcing in the western boundary currents (WBCs) and the Agulhas Return Current (ARC) in both winter and summer. The transition length scale is smaller in summer than in winter, around 2.6°–4.5° in winter and around 0.8°–1.3° in summer based on the OAFlux data. In the subtropical gyres and tropical Indo-western Pacific region, atmospheric forcing dominates up to 10° spatial scale with the magnitude of forcing increasing with the spatial scale in both winter and summer except for the Arabian Sea in summer. The Arabian Sea distinguishes from the other tropical regions in that the SST forcing dominates up to more than 10° spatial scale in summer with the magnitude of forcing decreasing slowly with the spatial scale increase.
Pregnancy-related acute myocardial infarction: a review of the recent literature
Authors: Merlo Andrea Carlo , Rosa Gian Marco , Porto Italo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPregnancy-related acute myocardial infarction is a rare and potentially life-threatening cardiovascular event, the incidence of which is growing due to the heightened prevalence of several risk factors, including increased maternal age. Its main aetiology is spontaneous coronary artery dissection, which particularly occurs in pregnancy and may engender severe clinical scenarios. Therefore, despite frequently atypical and deceptive presentations, early recognition of such a dangerous complication of gestation is paramount. Notwithstanding diagnostic and therapeutic improvements, pregnancy-related acute myocardial infarction often carries unfavourable outcomes, as emergent management is difficult owing to significant limitations in the use of ionising radiation—e.g. during coronary angiography, potentially harmful to the foetus even at low doses. Notably, however, maternal mortality has steadily decreased in recent decades, indicating enhanced awareness and major medical advances in this field. In our paper, we review the recent literature on pregnancy-related acute myocardial infarction and highlight the key points in its management.
Effects of nanocrystalline calcium oxide particles on mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of EPDM rubber
Authors: Mahmood Nashwan Q. , Marossy Kálmán , Baumli Peter 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this research, the effect of calcium oxide (CaO) nanocrystalline particles filled ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber composites is investigated, at different weight percentages (1.0, 2.0, 4.0, and 8 wt%) of CaO nanocrystalline particles using two methods of mixing. In one case conventional mixing on twin roll-mill was used, in the other case ultrasonic mixing as a pre-mixing was applied. CaO particles are synthesized by the precipitation method. The average crystallite size of CaO is 100 ± 20 nm. Adding CaO nanocrystalline particles increases the thermal stability of EPDM and the glass transition temperature. The hardness of EPDM rubber gradually increases with increasing the amount of CaO particles, the maximum hardness 64.2 observed in 8 wt% of CaO particles for both cases almost 26% higher than neat EPDM. Tensile strength decreases, while the maximum % modulus of the ultrasonic mixed sample was 1.48 MPa which is 24% higher than EPDM.
The role of E-Cadherin expression in primary site of breast cancer
Authors: Karsten Nora , Kolben Thomas , Mahner Sven , Beyer Susanne , Meister Sarah , Kuhn Christina , Schmoeckel Elisa , Wuerstlein Rachel , Harbeck Nadia , Ditsch Nina , Jeschke Udo , Friese Klaus , Kolben Theresa Maria 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The tumour’s ability to metastasize is the major cause for fatal outcomes in cancer diseases. In breast cancer, aberrant E-Cadherin expression has been linked to invasiveness and poor prognosis.

Method
We assessed expression of E-Cadherin by immunohistochemistry in primary tumour tissue from 125 female breast cancer patients. Staining intensities were analysed using the immunoreactive score (IRS). We investigated E-Cadherin expression and its associations with clinicopathological parameters (age, tumour size, lymph node status, grade, hormone receptors, Her2 Status) as well as with recurrence and survival.

Results
Increased, rather than aberrant E-Cadherin expression was found and was associated with poor outcome (p = 0.046). Our data show an association between elevated E-Cadherin in primary tumour tissue and an unfavourable negative prognosis in patients.

Conclusion
This association was somehow unexpected as loss of E-Cadherin has long been regarded as a prerequisite for development of invasiveness and metastases. Our findings support the notion that E-Cadherin promotes, rather than suppresses, development of metastasis and invasiveness.