bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contribution of TREM2 Signaling to the Development of Painful Diabetic Neuropathy by Mediating Microglial Polarization in Mice
Authors: chen xin , Le Yue , Tang Si-qi , He Wan-you , He Jian , Wang Yun-hua , Wang Hanbing 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) is a common and intractable complication of diabetes mellitus, with little effective treatment. PDN has been associated with spinal neuroinflammation characterized by microglial activation. Recently, the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), specifically localized on microglia, has been identified as a vital factor in modulating neuroinflammation and microglial phenotypes in neural diseases. Therefore, we hypothesized that spinal TREM2 might contribute to PDN and neuroinflammation by regulating microglial activity and phenotypes.Methods：Type I diabetes mellitus was elicited by a single intraperitoneal administration of streptozotocin (STZ) in mice. The pain behaviors were reflected by paw mechanical withdrawal thresholds (PMWT) and thermal withdrawal latency (PTWL). Results：We demonstrated that up-regulation of microglial TREM2 and amplification of both microglial M1 and M2 response was along with the presence of diabetes-related mechanical allodynia and thermal hypersensitivity. Moreover, we found that overexpression of TREM2 in microglia aggravated the symptom of PDN, amplified microglia M1 response, and suppressed microglia M2 polarization in the lumbar spinal cord of diabetic mice. However, inhibition of TREM2 with anti-TREM2 neutralizing antibodies attenuated mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in diabetic mice. Besides, we identified Galectin-3 (GLT-3) as the potential ligand of the TREM2 receptor in facilitating the progression of PDN.Conclusions: TREM2 could be a critical microglial membrane molecule that modulates microglial phenotypes pain hypersensitivity in PDN. GLT-3 might act as a specific ligand to trigger TREM2 signaling in PDN or other neuropathic pain.
Research of Assessment Model Framework of Rainwater Resource Utilization and Driving Force in Arid and Semi-Arid Areas
Authors: Zhang Xingyuan , Li Fawen , Yuan Ximin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The arid and semi-arid areas generally face the degradation of natural resources, poor vegetation conditions, and serious soil erosion. In this paper, a spatio-temporal assessment model for the rainwater resources utilization and its driving forces is studied and constructed, and a typical watershed is selected for application and verification. The model is based on SWAT (Soil & Water Assessment Tool) and GTWR (Geographically Temporal Weighted Regression) for secondary development. Two indicators are proposed to characterize the utilization of rainwater: rainwater resources utilization quantity (RRU) and rainwater resources utilization rate (RRUR). To further verify the performance of the model, the scenarios of different watershed management measures were simulated and evaluated. The results show that the model can accurately evaluate the RRU, RRUR, and driving force. The annual average value of the RRUR in the typical watershed is 0.44, and the utilization rate of the middle reaches is higher than that of the upper and lower reaches. Meanwhile, the model can evaluate the RRUR and driving force of different land management scenarios. The driving effects of meteorological, topographical, vegetation, and other factors on the regional RRUR exhibits certain spatiotemporal differences, among which the leaf area index (LAI) is the key driving factor. The framework can provide scientific guidance for improving the rainwater resources utilization rate (RRUR) and alleviating ecological problems.
Chemerin Promotes The Proliferation And Migration of Breast Cancer Cells Through JNK And ERK1/2 Signaling pathways
Authors: Zeng Fanyu , Zhang Jie , Liu Qianqian , Yang Shuya , Zhou Xueqing , Luo Naixiang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common invasive malignancy. In 2020, the number of new cases of breast cancer worldwide has replaced lung cancer as the No.1 cancer in the global. Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. Mammary tumorigenesis is severely linked to obesity, one potential connection is chemerin. Chemerin is a chemoattractant protein secreted by adipocytes, which contributes to the progression of breast cancer. Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion are cellular processes associated with various stages of metastasis. These processes are associated with mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. In this study, human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231were utilized to determine the effect of chemerin on cell proliferation, migration, and key proteins of MAPK signaling pathway. We found that chemerin promoted cell proliferation and migration in a concentration-dependent manner. Interestingly, these effects of chemerin were through promoting the proteins phosphorylation of ATF2 and ERK1/2 but not p38, in MAPK signaling pathway. Specific inhibitors of JNK and ERK1/2 pathway showed that the effect exerted by chemerin in cell proliferation and migration in breast cancer cells was dependent on these proteins. Our findings suggest that chemerin promotes the development of mammary cancer cells through JNK and ERK signaling pathways.
COVID-19 and Neurosurgery: A Comprehensive Review of Literature
Authors: Albastaki Aysha , Aljawder Abdulaziz Isa 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The 2019 Coronavirus Infection (COVID-19) first appeared in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, in December 2019 and has disseminated rapidly to almost every region of the world to become a pandemic. COVID-19 is initiated by severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV-2. The principal signs and symptoms are related to the respiratory and cardiovascular systems; however, the nervous system is another primary target of this devastating disease, according to numerous case reports and some reviews that have been published. Moreover, neurosurgical issues have also been dramatically affected. This comprehensive review aims to summarize the impact of COVID-19 on neurosurgical issues. In addition, we aim to serve as a reference for neurosurgeons dealing with neurosurgical cases of the disease. The article emphasized neurological display of COVID-19, neurosurgical practice, contagion control and precautions, residency, and education in neurosurgery, neurosurgeons' mental health. In addition to that, the article also provides some recommendations.
Prenatal Diagnosis on Ultrasound, Management and Prognosis of Umbilical Artery Thrombosis: A Retrospective Study of 11 Cases
Authors: Wu Suqing , Chen Hui , Wang Yin , Hong Tingting , Luo Siwei , Liu Yanying , Huang Chunwang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background Umbilical artery thrombosis (UAT) is a rare occurrence during pregnancy and is responsible for most of the fetal demises. It is usually difficult to diagnose and easy to be missed or misdiagnosed. The purpose of this study is to investigate the prenatal ultrasonographic and clinical features of UAT.Methods The UAT cases from January 2015 to June 2021 in Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital were collected, and their ultrasonographic and clinical data were analyzed retrospectively.Results 11 cases were diagnosed as UAT by intrapartum and postpartum findings. 8 cases (Case 1-8) were diagnosed as UAT by prenatal ultrasound, in which one umbilical vein (UV) and two umbilical arteries (UAs) were detected in the cross and longitudinal sections of the umbilical cord (UC) and thrombi were found in one UA with the obstructed blood flow in the third trimester; however, two UAs with normal blood flow on both sides of fetal bladder were detected during the second trimester. UC punctures were performed before thrombi appeared in 2 cases (Case 7-8). 3 cases (Case 9-11) were misdiagnosed as single umbilical artery (SUA) until delivery. When UAT was diagnosed, the systolic to diastolic ratio (S/D) values of UA were < the 25th percentile and the pulsatility index (PI) values of UA were < the 5th percentile in all cases. Doppler measurements of middle cerebral artery (MCA) were measured in 3 cases. Among them, PI values of MCA of 2 cases were < the 5th percentile, and the cerebroplacental ratios of all 3 cases were > the 25th percentile. 8 pregnancies were terminated by cesarean section. 2 women gave birth spontaneously. 1 woman underwent vaginal forceps delivery. 8 neonates were transferred to neonatal intensive care unit. All the newborns had good prognosis.Conclusions When the ultrasound shows only one UA in the level of fetal bladder for the first time in the third trimester, both sonologists and obstetricians should be highly alert to UAT. Thorough confirm of the previous examination results is necessary to exclude SUA. Intensive fetal monitoring and emergency cesarean section are necessary to avoid adverse perinatal outcomes.
High Disease Activity Influences the Presence of Vertebral Fractures in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Sakane Hideo , Okamura Koichi , Iizuka Yoichi , Honda Akira , Takasawa Eiji , Mieda Tokue , Ishiwata Sho , Ito Syunsuke , Inomata Kazuhiro , Yonemoto Yukio , Suto Takahito , Kaneko Tetsuya , Chikuda Hirotaka 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: To investigate the prevalence and risk factors for vertebral fractures in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) during an era of tight management.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 426 RA patients who had visited our outpatient RA clinic between July 2017 and June 2020. Among them, we included 107 patients (19 males and 88 females) who had undergone lateral X-ray of the thoracolumbar spine and dual-energy X-ray absorption spectroscopy for the assessment of osteoporosis. We assessed the disease activity score for 28 joints (DAS28), the history of medication for RA and osteoporosis, the number and location of vertebral fractures, and the bone mineral density (BMD). Two board-certified specialists determined osteoporotic vertebral fractures on a lateral X-ray of the thoracolumbar spine.Results: The mean age, average disease duration, and average DAS28 of the analyzed patients were 67.9 years, 14.9 years, and 2.8, respectively. Vertebral fractures were found in 33 patients (30.8%). In this population, 84.8% of patients with vertebral fractures and 59.5% of those without vertebral fractures were treated for osteoporosis with active vitamin D3, bisphosphonate, and/or denosumab. RA patients with vertebral fractures had significantly higher DAS28 values, a higher rate of patients with a history of glucocorticoid use, and lower BMD in comparison to those than without vertebral fractures (p = 0.009, p = 0.004, and p = 0.01, respectively). Logistic regression analysis showed DAS28 (p = 0.038) and BMD (p = 0.004) were independent factors associated with the presence of vertebral fractures. The ordered logistic regression analysis also showed DAS28 (p = 0.043) and BMD (p = 0.024) were independent factors that explained the number of vertebral fractures.Conclusions: Vertebral fractures were frequently observed in RA patients, even when patients were treated the recommended anti-osteoporotic agents. A high disease activity score and low BMD were associated with the presence and number of vertebral fractures in patients with RA.
Effect of Copper On Bioconcentration of Benzotriazole Ultraviolet Stabilizers (BUVSs) in Common Carp (Cyprinus Carpio)
Authors: Zhao Dandan , Bekele Tadiyose Girma , Zhao Hongxia 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Benzotriazole ultraviolet stabilizers (BUVSs) have received increasing attention due to their widespread usage, ubiquitous detection and their adverse ecological effect. However, information about the bioaccumulation potential of BUVSs and their joint exposure with heavy metals remains scarce. In this study, we investigated the bioaccumulation kinetics of 6 frequently reported BUVSs in common carp under different Cu concentration for 48 d, and their tissue-specific distribution patterns (liver, kidney, gill, and muscle tissues) were also evaluated. The bioconcentration factors (BCFs) and half-lives (t1/2) in the tissues ranged from 5.73 (UV-PS) to 1076 (UV-327), and 2.19 (UV-PS) to 31.5 (UV-320) days, respectively. The tissue-specific concentration and BCF values followed the order of liver > kidney > gill > muscle with or without Cu exposure. An increase in BCF with rising Cu concentration was observed, which is caused by the decreased depuration rate (k2) in more than half of treatment groups. These results indicated that BUVSs accumulated in fish and provides important insight into the risk assessment of this group of chemicals.
Low-dose Dexamethasone in the Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting After Total Joint Arthroplasty: a Retrospective Study
Authors: Mao Quan , Wu Yongcheng , Chen Bin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of prophylactic low-dose dexamethasone for postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) after total joint arthroplasty. Methods a total of 100 patients who underwent primary total knee or hip arthroplasty were enrolled. Patients were divided into placebo group (received 1 ml normal saline), and Dexa group (received 5 mg dexamethasone). The incidence of PONV was recorded and divided into 4 levels for statistical comparison. The occurrences of postoperative complications, the numerical rating scales for pain, the consumption of analgesic and antiemetic rescue, and the patient satisfaction rate were counted and compared. Results In the Dexa group, patients had a lower incidence of level Ⅲ or higher PONV than those in the placebo group (p<0.05), as well as the amount of additional antiemetic drugs. The pain level and consumption of analgesics were similar in the two groups. No delayed wound healing or gastrointestinal hemorrhage was observed in either group. One patient in the placebo group got early surgical site infection occurred with no statistical significance. Patients in Dexa group had a higher subjective satisfaction rate.Conclusion The prophylactic application of 5 mg dexamethasone during induction of anesthesia can effectively reduce the incidence of severe PONV after the initial total joint replacement and the consumption of antiemetic drugs, improve the patient's care experience, and will not bring significant clinical harm.
Breeding Stage and Tissue Isotopic Consistency Suggests Colony-Level Flexibility in Niche Breadth of An Arctic Marine Bird
Authors: Parkinson Kyle J.L. , Hennin Holly L. , Gilchrist H. Grant , Hobson Keith A. , Hussey Nigel E. , Love Oliver P. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Organisms must overcome environmental limitations to optimize their investment in life history stages to maximize fitness. Human-induced climate change is generating increasingly variable environmental conditions, impacting the demography of prey items and therefore the ability of consumers to successfully access resources to fuel reproduction. While climate change effects are especially pronounced in the Arctic, it is unknown whether organisms can adjust foraging decisions to match such changes. We used a 9-year blood plasma δ13 C and δ15 N dataset from over 700 pre-breeding Arctic common eiders (Somateria mollissima) to assess breeding-stage and inter-annual variation in isotopic niche, and whether inferred trophic flexibility was related to colony-level breeding parameters and environmental variation. Eider blood isotope values varied both across years and breeding stages, and combined with only weak relationships between isotopic metrics and environmental conditions suggests that pre-breeding eiders can make flexible foraging decisions to overcome constraints imposed by local abiotic conditions. From an investment perspective, an inshore, smaller isotopic niche predicted a greater probability to invest in reproduction, but was not related to laying phenology. Proximately, our results provide evidence that eiders breeding in the Arctic can alter their diet at the onset of reproductive investment to overcome increases in the energetic demand of egg production. Ultimately, Arctic pre-breeding common eiders may have the stage- and year-related foraging flexibility to respond to abiotic variation to reproduce successfully.
Environmental Quality Assessment of The Agricultural Production Area Based on Heavy Metal Risk Analysis In Soils and Crops From a Typical Economic Region, Southeastern China
Authors: Mao Xinyu , Jiang Xiaosan , Yu Huaizhi , Zhai Senmao 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BackgroundHeavy metal pollution in soil-crop system attracted great attention globally with rapid urbanization and intensive industrialization. Due to their accumulation and enrichment effects may pose a serious threat to food safety and human health, it is significant to assess environmental quality assessment of the agricultural production area before plantation. Numerous previous studies have been conducted to identify the total amount, distribution patterns and contamination levels of specific heavy metals in agricultural environment, while haven’t taken them in both soil and crop into account. Therefore, it is necessary to establish an evaluation approach to indicate the relationship between agricultural resources and farm produce, which considering the soil-crop system quality in relation to multiple heavy metals.MethodsThe soil and crop samples were collected from 370 sampling points in Taizhou City, which is a typical agricultural region located in the central of Jiangsu Province, China. After determination of heavy metals contents, the pollution status and risks of multiple heavy metals were analyzed through both single factor pollution index and Nemero comprehensive pollution index method. Subsequently, the spatial distribution and relevant risk potentials of heavy metals in both soils and crops were illustrated by using ArcGIS 10.3. The K-means clustering algorithm was then applied to quantitatively classify the environment partition with consideration of above results as main indicators. ResultsThe mean values of soil Cr, Pb, Cd, As and Hg were 66.78, 32.88, 0.23, 8.16 and 0.16 mg/kg which were much higher than their background values. Affecting by the anthropogenic activities, the average contents of soil Cd and Hg exceeded the risk screening value at a rate of 11.70% and 5.96%, respectively. The heavy metal pollution in soil and crop were inconsistent as more than 97% of the study soils were not polluted with toxic metals while 11-23% of the crop possessed safety risk with Cd and Pb. Based on the pollution assessment, approximately 83% of the study area possessed medium or higher environmental quality, which were preferable for agricultural production.ConclusionsOur results revealed that, the spatial distribution, pollution level of the heavy metals in soil-crop system were significantly influenced by industrial activities, followed by agricultural sources and transportation emissions etc. Therefore, continuous monitoring and source control for heavy metals, especially for Cd, should be conducted to ensure the environmental quality and food security.
Occupational Noise Exposure and Diabetes Mellitus: A 3-year Retrospective Multicenter Cohort Study
Authors: Yun Byung-Yoon , Sim Juho , Kim Changyoung , Lee Seunghyun , Oh Yeon Suh , Kim Seunghan , Cho Ara , Oh Juyeon , Lee Jiho , Yoon Jin-Ha 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The global prevalence of diabetes has been increasing. However, occupational environmental factors influencing it have been poorly studied. The effect of occupational noise exposure on diabetes is somewhat controversial. Thus, this study examines the relationship between occupational noise exposure (≥85 dBA) and diabetes incidence. Participants (n = 58,284) were recruited from a Common Data Model cohort of two hospitals from 2013 or 2014 and were annually followed up for three years. Drug history, clinical history of diabetes, and/or fasting glucose of 126 mg/dL or more were defined as new-onset diabetes. Multivariable time-dependent Cox proportional hazard models and Landmark analysis were implemented to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Pooled HRs and 95% CIs were calculated using the weight obtained through standard error. Of the participants, 4.65% developed diabetes during the follow-up. The final adjusted pooled HR of Cox models indicated a significant relationship between occupational noise exposure and increased risk of diabetes (Time-dependent Cox: HR 1.35 [95% CI 1.17–1.57]; Landmark: HR 1.22 [95% CI 1.10–1.35]). There is a significant relationship between occupational noise exposure and incidence of diabetes. Screening for diabetes, active management, and prevention may be necessary to improve the health of individuals exposed to occupational noise.
Prevalence of Neuropathic Pain Varies in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis in Different Treatment Stages
Authors: Li Li , Zeng Zhaohui , Zhang Hanle , Lin Yuanyuan , Xu Linghui , Zhang Yu , Deng Ming , Fan Pei 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Pain is the main symptom of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and can be classified as nociceptive pain and neuropathic pain (NP). However, the prevalence and risk factors of NP in patients with KOA at different treatment stages vary in countries and are still unclear in China.Methods: Patients in this retrospective study were divided into three groups according to treatment stage, including outpatient stage, preoperative total knee arthroplasty (pre-TKA) stage and postoperative TKA stage (post-TKA). A numeric rating scale (NRS) and PainDETECT questionnaire were used to evaluate nociceptive pain and NP. Patient demographics, radiological assessments using Kellgren-Lawrence (K-L) grades, and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scores were analyzed.Results: Of the 921 patients, the prevalence of possible and likely NP was 17.5% (56/320) and 2.5% (8/320) in the pre-TKA group compared with 3.4% (8/233) and 0.4% (1/233) in the outpatient group and 1.4% (5/368) and 0.5% (2/368) in the post-TKA group, respectively. In the pre-TKA group, higher NRS (NRS>3; OR=10.65, 95% CI: 3.25-34.92, p<0.001) and WOMAC pain (WOMAC>10; OR=4.88, 95% CI: 2.38-10.01, p<0.001) scores conferred an increased risk of unclear pain. Age, gender, BMI and K-L grade showed no significant differences among the unlikely, possible and likely NP groups.Discussion: Different prevalence of NP occur in KOA patients at different treatment stages. Due to the low prevalence of NP in the outpatient and post-TKA groups, we suggest not regularly screening for NP in these patients, while it may be essential to screen for NP in patients waiting for TKA. In the latter group, higher NRS and WOMAC pain scores are important risk factors of NP.