bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Manufacturing flexibility: methods for measuring the impact of product variety on performance in process industries
Authors: Berry William L. , Cooper Martha C. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractProduct variety is often assumed to yield competitive advantage by offering products or services tailored to specific market segments. This strategy should result in more total sales volume or higher prices, and presumed profit, gained by meeting more specialized demands. However, achieving competitive advantage through increased product variety is heavily dependent on the proper alignment of the marketing and manufacturing strategies. This paper shows that adding product variety can have adverse cost and margin implications when marketing and manufacturing strategies are mis‐aligned. The critical strategic issues involve product pricing and manufacturing flexibility in product mix. We report methods that can be used to measure product mix flexibility and manufacturing performance in terms of costs and margins based on actual orders and production data. Such methods provide a means of empirically diagnosing the degree of strategic mis‐match using actual operating data. These methods are general in nature, and have been tested in field research on high volume batch processes that are representative of many firms in process industries. The results show that gaining competitive advantage through increased product variety requires a clear understanding of the process choice required to support the contemplated range of product volumes, and the cost and profitability trade‐offs involved.
Perceived curative factors and their relationship to outcome: a study of schizophrenic patients in a comprehensive treatment program based on cognitive therapy
Authors: Svensson B , Hansson L 
Published: July 2002

SummaryTwenty-eight schizophrenic and other long-term mentally ill patients who were given cognitive therapy sessions twice a week in the context of a comprehensive inpatient treatment program were assessed every 5 weeks regarding perceived curative factors. The assessments were made by a self-rating questionnaire (Curative Factors Questionnaire [CFQ]) and a qualitative assessment from the patients of what they perceived as helpful in treatment. The results showed that milieu therapeutic elements and therapy sessions were perceived as the most helpful throughout the treatment period. No correlations were found between patient characteristics and perceived curative factors. The factors “instillation of hope”, “problem solution” and “learning I’m not alone” as rated in the initial phase of treatment showed a positive relationship with a favourable outcome of treatment at discharge.
Healable and Recyclable Elastomers with Record‐High Mechanical Robustness, Unprecedented Crack Tolerance, and Superhigh Elastic Restorability
Authors: Li Zequan , Zhu You‐Liang , Niu Wenwen , Yang Xiao , Jiang Zhiyong , Lu Zhong‐Yuan , Liu Xiaokong , Sun Junqi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSpider silk is one of the most robust natural materials, which has extremely high strength in combination with great toughness and good elasticity. Inspired by spider silk but beyond it, a healable and recyclable supramolecular elastomer, possessing superhigh true stress at break (1.21 GPa) and ultrahigh toughness (390.2 MJ m−3), which are, respectively, comparable to and ≈2.4 times higher than those of typical spider silk, is developed. The elastomer has the highest tensile strength (ultimate engineering stress, 75.6 MPa) ever recorded for polymeric elastomers, rendering it the strongest and toughest healable elastomer thus far. The hyper‐robust elastomer exhibits superb crack tolerance with unprecedentedly high fracture energy (215.2 kJ m−2) that even exceeds that of metals and alloys, and superhigh elastic restorability allowing dimensional recovery from elongation over 12 times. These extraordinary mechanical performances mainly originate from the meticulously engineered hydrogen‐bonding segments, consisting of multiple acylsemicarbazide and urethane moieties linked with flexible alicyclic hexatomic spacers. Such hydrogen‐bonding segments, incorporated between extensible polymer chains, aggregate to form geometrically confined hydrogen‐bond arrays resembling those in spider silk. The hydrogen‐bond arrays act as firm but reversible crosslinks and sacrificial bonds for enormous energy dissipation, conferring exceptional mechanical robustness, healability, and recyclability on the elastomer.
Lessons learned from Ohio workers' compensation claims to mitigate hazards in the landscaping services industry
Authors: Alexander Barbara M. , Wurzelbacher Steven J. , Zeiler Rachel J. , Naber Steven J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe landscaping services industry is one of the more dangerous in the United States, with higher rates of both fatal and nonfatal injuries than the all‐industry average. This study uses claims from the Ohio Bureau of Workers' Compensation (OHBWC) database to identify high rates of occupational injuries and illnesses in this industry in Ohio. The causes of those illnesses and injuries are highlighted to identify common factors.MethodsThe OHBWC database includes injured‐worker industry identification, occupation, business size, demographics, diagnoses, and free‐text descriptions of injury circumstances. We identified landscaping service industry claims from 2001 to 2017, and describe annual claim counts and rates.ResultsOver the 17‐year period, 18,037 claims were accepted, with “Struck by object or equipment” and “Overexertion involving outside sources” being the most common events or exposures. Sprains and fractures were the most prevalent of the more serious lost‐time (LT) injuries. Free‐text descriptions of claims indicate that arborist work and loading/unloading of work vehicles and trailers are particularly hazardous. Younger and shorter‐tenured workers were injured most frequently, although the average workers' age was higher for LT claims. The total cost of claims to the OHBWC from the landscaping services industry for 2001–2017 was over $226,000,000. Almost $214,000,000, or 94.4%, was for LT injuries and illnesses, even though LT claims comprise only 18% of total claims.ConclusionsTargeted improvements in landscaper safety could come from controlling events leading to LT claims. Engineering controls and improved training are strongly recommended to reduce falls, overexertion, and struck‐by injuries.
A rare description of pure partial trisomy of 16q12.2q24.3 and review of the literature
Authors: Manor Joshua , Dinu Daniela , Azamian Mahshid S. , Bi Weimin , Darilek Sandra , Lalani Seema R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTrisomy 16 is the most common autosomal trisomy in humans, which is almost uniformly embryonic lethal. Partial trisomy 16 including a segment of the long arm of chromosome 16 is occasionally compatible with life and has been associated with severe congenital defects, growth retardation, and early lethality. Segmental trisomy of 16q is usually described concomitantly with partial monosomy of another chromosome, often resulting from a parental balanced translocation. Pure partial chromosome 16q trisomy is exceedingly rare. About nine children with 16q12→qter and 16q13→qter duplication have been reported in the literature, almost all described with monosomy of a second chromosome, and highlighting very few long‐term survivors. A single individual with pure partial distal 16q12.1q23.3 duplication has been reported in an infant, underscoring complexities of genetic counseling and management, especially in view of life‐limiting congenital anomalies in rare survivors. Here, we present a 12‐month‐old child with pure 16q12.2q24.3 trisomy, having continued morbidity related to pulmonary hypertension and chronic lung disease. The features of intrauterine growth retardation, facial dysmorphism, hypotonia, congenital heart defect, distal contractures, urogenital abnormalities, and hearing loss support the association with 16q partial trisomy, as in previous studies. This report expands our current understanding related to the survival of infants with large segmental aneusomy of the long arm of chromosome 16.
Recurrent KCNT2 missense variants affecting p.Arg190 result in a recognizable phenotype
Authors: Jackson Adam , Banka Siddharth , Stewart Helen ,   Genomics England Research Consortium, Robinson Hannah , Lovell Simon , Clayton‐Smith Jill 
Published: June 2021

AbstractKCNT2 variants resulting in substitutions affecting the Arg190 residue have been shown to cause epileptic encephalopathy and a recognizable facial gestalt. We report two additional individuals with intellectual disability, dysmorphic features, hypertrichosis, macrocephaly and the same de novo KCNT2 missense variants affecting the Arg190 residue as previously described. Notably, neither patient has epilepsy. Homology modeling of these missense variants revealed that they are likely to disrupt the stabilization of a closed channel conformation of KCNT2 resulting in a constitutively open state. This is the first report of pathogenic variants in KCNT2 causing a developmental phenotype without epilepsy.
Pyridine Ring Modification of Indane‐1,3‐dione Dimers for Control of their Crystal Structure
Authors: Yakiyama Yumi , Fujinaka Takahisa , Nishimura Mio , Seki Ryotaro , Sakurai Hidehiro 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFour 2,2′‐dipyridylindane‐1,3‐dione 2,2′‐dimers with various substituents and orientations of the pyridine rings were synthesized. Detailed analyses of their crystal structures revealed how the atomic geometry around the pyridine N‐atom affects the selective formation of a 1D‐channel‐containing open‐type structure, observed as a major packing structure of the previously reported 2,2′‐di(4‐pyridyl) analogue (4PID). DFT‐based QTAIM and noncovalent interaction index‐reduced density gradient analyses afforded qualitative information on the intra‐ and intermolecular interactions in the open‐type structure of 4PID and in a hypothetical open‐type structure of its 2‐pyridyl analogue that was not observed experimentally. They also indicated that interactions between the framework and channel‐incorporated solvents, rather than N‐atom‐related intermolecular interactions, make a significant contribution to stabilization of the open‐type structure.
Diversity‐Oriented Synthesis of Aliphatic Fluorides via Reductive C(sp3)−C(sp3) Cross‐Coupling Fluoroalkylation
Authors: Sheng Jie , Ni Hui‐Qi , Ni Shan‐Xiu , He Yan , Cui Ru , Liao Guang‐Xu , Bian Kang‐Jie , Wu Bing‐Bing , Wang Xi‐Sheng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMonofluorinated alkyl compounds are of great importance in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and materials. Herein, we describe a direct nickel‐catalyzed monofluoromethylation of unactivated alkyl halides using a low‐cost industrial raw material, bromofluoromethane, by demonstrating a general and efficient reductive cross‐coupling of two alkyl halides. Results with 1‐bromo‐1‐fluoroalkane also demonstrate the viability of monofluoroalkylation, which further established the first example of reductive C(sp3)‐C(sp3) cross‐coupling fluoroalkylation. These transformations demonstrate high efficiency, mild conditions, and excellent functional‐group compatibility, especially for a range of pharmaceuticals and biologically active compounds. Mechanistic studies support a radical pathway. Kinetic studies reveal that the reaction is first‐order dependent on catalyst and alkyl bromide whereas the generation of monofluoroalkyl radical is not involved in the rate‐determining step. This strategy provides a general and efficient method for the synthesis of aliphatic fluorides.
Heterogeneously Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation of Methane to a Methyl Derivative
Authors: Blankenship Andrea N. , Ravi Manoj , Newton Mark A. , van Bokhoven Jeroen A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA promising strategy to break through the selectivity‐conversion limit of direct methane conversion to achieve high yields is the protection of methanol via esterification to a more stable methyl ester. We present an aerobic methane‐to‐methyl‐ester approach that utilizes a highly dispersed, cobalt‐containing solid catalyst, along with significantly more favorable reaction conditions compared to existing homogeneously‐catalyzed approaches (e.g. diluted acid, O2 oxidant, moderate temperature and pressure). The trifluoroacetic acid medium is diluted (<25 wt %) with an inert fluorous co‐solvent that can be recovered after the separation of the methyl trifluoroacetate via liquid–liquid extraction at ambient conditions. Silica‐supported cobalt catalysts are highly active in this system, with competitive yields and turnovers in comparison to known aerobic transition metal‐based catalytic systems.
Tight Covalent Organic Framework Membranes for Efficient Anion Transport via Molecular Precursor Engineering
Authors: Kong Yan , He Xueyi , Wu Hong , Yang Yi , Cao Li , Li Runlai , Shi Benbing , He Guangwei , Liu Yiqin , Peng Quan , Fan Chunyang , Zhang Zhenjie , Jiang Zhongyi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFabricating covalent organic frameworks (COFs) membranes with tight structure, which can fully utilize well‐defined framework structure and thus achieve superior conduction performance, remains a grand challenge. Herein, through molecular precursor engineering of COFs, we reported the fabrication of tight COFs membrane with the ever‐reported highest hydroxide ion conductivity over 200 mS cm−1 at 80 °C, 100 % RH. Six quaternary ammonium‐functionalized COFs were synthesized by assembling functional hydrazides and different aldehyde precursors. In an organic‐aqueous reaction system, the impact of the aldehyde precursors with different size, electrophilicity and hydrophilicity on the reaction‐diffusion process for fabricating COFs membranes was elucidated. Particularly, more hydrophilic aldehydes were prone to push the reaction zone from the interface region to the aqueous phase of the reaction system, the tight membranes were thus fabricated via phase‐transfer polymerization process, conferring around 4–8 times the anion conductivity over the loose membranes via interfacial polymerization process.
N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Stabilized Ultrasmall Gold Nanoclusters in a Metal‐Organic Framework for Photocatalytic CO2Reduction
Authors: Jiang Yilin , Yu Yuan , Zhang Xu , Weinert Micha , Song Xueling , Ai Jing , Han Lu , Fei Honghan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractUltrafine gold nanoclusters (Au‐NCs) are susceptible to migrate and aggregate, even in the porosity of many crystalline solids. N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) are a class of structurally diverse ligands for the stabilization of Au‐NCs in homogeneous chemistry, showing catalytic reactivity in CO2activation. Herein, for the first time, we demonstrate a heterogeneous nucleation approach to stabilize ultrasmall and highly dispersed gold nanoclusters in an NHC‐functionalized porous matrix. The sizes of gold nanoclusters are tunable from 1.3 nm to 1.8 nm based on the interpenetration of the metal‐organic framework (MOF) topology. Control experiments using amine or imidazolium‐functionalized MOFs afforded the aggregation of Au species. The resultant Au‐NC@MOF composite exhibits a steady and excellent activity in photocatalytic CO2reduction, superior to control mixtures without NHC‐ligand stabilization. Mechanistic studies reveal the synergistic catalytic effect of MOFs and Au‐NCs through the MOF‐NHC‐Au covalent‐bonding bridges.
Ambient Hydrogenation and Deuteration of Alkenes Using a Nanostructured Ni‐Core–Shell Catalyst
Authors: Gao Jie , Ma Rui , Feng Lu , Liu Yuefeng , Jackstell Ralf , Jagadeesh Rajenahally V. , Beller Matthias 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA general protocol for the selective hydrogenation and deuteration of a variety of alkenes is presented. Key to success for these reactions is the use of a specific nickel‐graphitic shell‐based core–shell‐structured catalyst, which is conveniently prepared by impregnation and subsequent calcination of nickel nitrate on carbon at 450 °C under argon. Applying this nanostructured catalyst, both terminal and internal alkenes, which are of industrial and commercial importance, were selectively hydrogenated and deuterated at ambient conditions (room temperature, using 1 bar hydrogen or 1 bar deuterium), giving access to the corresponding alkanes and deuterium‐labeled alkanes in good to excellent yields. The synthetic utility and practicability of this Ni‐based hydrogenation protocol is demonstrated by gram‐scale reactions as well as efficient catalyst recycling experiments.
Surface Engineering and Controlled Ripening for Seed‐Mediated Growth of Au Islands on Au Nanocrystals
Authors: Feng Ji , Xu Dongdong , Yang Fan , Chen Jinxing , Wu Chaolumen , Yin Yadong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEngineering the nucleation and growth of plasmonic metals (Ag and Au) on their pre‐existing seeds is expected to produce nanostructures with unconventional morphologies and plasmonic properties that may find unique applications in sensing, catalysis, and broadband energy harvesting. Typical seed‐mediated growth processes take advantage of the perfect lattice match between the deposited metal and seeds to induce conformal coating, leading to either simple size increases (e.g., Au on Au) or the formation of core–shell structures (e.g., Ag on Au) with limited morphology change. In this work, we show that the introduction of a thin layer of metal with considerable lattice mismatch can effectively induce the nucleation of well‐defined Au islands on Au nanocrystal seeds. By controlling the interfacial energy between the seed and the deposited material, the oxidative ripening, and the surface diffusion of metal precursors, we can regulate the number of islands on the seeds and produce complex Au nanostructures with morphologies tunable from core‐satellites to tetramers, trimers, and dimers.
The effect of multiscale hybridization on the mechanical properties of natural fiber‐reinforced composites
Authors: Fernandes Medeiros de Queiroz Henrique , Banea Mariana Doina , Kioshi Kawasaki Cavalcanti Daniel , de Souza e Silva Neto Jorge 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe main objective of this work was to investigate the effect of reinforcements at different scales on the mechanical properties of natural fiber‐reinforced composites. Pure jute and interlaminar hybrid jute/glass fiber‐reinforced polymer composites were fabricated. Different types of fillers in two weight fractions (1 and 3 wt. %) were used as second reinforcements in the hybrid jute/glass composites. Tensile, flexural, and impact tests were performed. It was found that the macroscale inter‐play hybridization significantly improved the mechanical properties of the pure jute fiber based composites. When the fillers are used as second hybridization, the modified composites presented higher mechanical properties when compared to pure jute composites. However, the effect of fillers on the mechanical properties of the hybrid composites presented various trends due to the interaction between several factors (i.e., particle scale, content, and nature), which cannot always be separated. Increasing the synthetic filler content improved the tensile properties of the filled hybrid composites, while increasing the natural filler content worsen the tensile properties. The flexural strength of the multiscale hybrid composites was improved, while the impact properties were negatively affected.
A new score including CD43 and CD180: Increased diagnostic value for atypical chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Li Yi , Tong Xiwen , Huang Lifang , Li Li , Wang Chunyan , He Cheng , Liu Songya , Wang Zhiqiong , Xiao Min , Mao Xia , Zhang Donghua 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMoreau score has been used to differentiate chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) from other mature B‐cell neoplasms. However, it showed limitations in Asian patients. Therefore, we conducted a new score system replacing CD5 and CD23 with CD43 and CD180 to evaluate its diagnostic value of CLL. 237 untreated samples diagnosed with mature B‐cell neoplasms were collected and were randomly divided into an exploratory and a validation cohort by a 2:1 ratio. The expression of CD5, CD19, CD20, CD23, CD43, CD79b, CD180, CD200, FMC7, and surface immunoglobulin (SmIg) were analyzed among all the samples. A proposed score was developed based on the logistic regression model. The sensitivity and specificity of the proposed score were calculated by ROC curves. CD43/CD180, CD200, FMC7, and CD79b were included in our new CLL score, which showed a sensitivity of 91.8% and a specificity of 83.1%. These results were confirmed in a validation cohort with a sensitivity of 90.5% (p = 0.808) and a specificity of 79.5% (p = 0.639). In CD5 negative or CD23 negative CLL group, the new CLL score displayed improved sensitivity of 79.4% compared to Moreau score and CLLflow score (41.2% and 47.1%, respectively). In atypical CLL group, the new CLL score showed improved sensitivity of 84.2% compared to Moreau score and CLLflow score (61.4% and 64.9%, respectively). This proposed atypical CLL score helped to offer an accurate differentiation of CLL from non‐CLL together with morphological and molecular methods, particularly in Chinese patients with atypical immunophenotype.
Impact of high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin T on survival and rehospitalization after transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Schoechlin Simon , Schulz Undine , Ruile Philip , Hein Manuel , Eichenlaub Martin , Jander Nikolaus , Neumann Franz‐Josef , Valina Christian 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundConstant elevations of the serum concentration of cardiac troponin T (TnT) indicate a myocardial injury that may affect the long‐term outcome of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).ObjectivesWe sought to investigate the impact of pre‐TAVR TnT on outcomes after TAVR during long‐term follow‐up.MethodsIn a retrospective, observational study we compared long term outcomes after TAVR between tertiles of preinterventional high‐sensitivity TnT. Systematic follow‐up was performed annually for 5 years. The primary endpoint was a composite of all‐cause death and any rehospitalization.ResultsBetween 2010 and 2018, 2,129 patients with severe aortic valve stenosis underwent TAVR at our institution (mean age 82.6 years, 57.2% female, logistic EuroSCORE 20.5 ± 15.8). Boundaries for TnT tertiles were <21 ng/L and >42 ng/L. The median follow‐up was 895 days. Three‐year incidences for the primary endpoint were 70.9%, 76.6%, and 81.7% in the low, middle, and high tertile (log rank p < .001). Compared with the first tertile, the corresponding adjusted hazard ratios were 1.23 (95%‐CI 1.08–1.40, p < .001) and 1.50 (95%‐CI 1.32–1.70, p < .001) for the second and third tertile. We found consistent differences between TnT strata for all‐cause death (3‐year incidences 23.3%, 33.3%, and 47.1%; adjusted p < .001) and rehospitalization (3‐year incidences 64.7%, 68.7% and 72.0%; adjusted p < .001), including significant differences in deaths (p < .001). The association between TnT and outcome was independent of coronary artery disease or low aortic valve gradient.ConclusionsTnT before TAVR is strongly associated with all‐cause death and rehospitalization during 3‐year follow‐up.