bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Titanium Mesh versus Medpor Implant in Orbital Floor Reconstructions: A Comparative Study
Authors: Marella Vishnu Gowtham , Rohit  , Khetrapal Prateek , Gangasani Alankrutha , Bhanot Rishabh , Uppal Ashish 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Treating orbital injuries is interesting and difficult in the facial trauma. The balance in facial proportions and also the facial esthetics are required to achieve an anatomical harmony.

Objective:
To compare the functional results of individual reconstruction of orbital floor using either titanium mesh or Medpor in terms of various factors.

Materials and Methods:
There were two study groups including eight subjects with orbital floor fracture, namely A (Medpor) and B (titanium mesh). Various parameters were analyzed postoperatively at intervals of 1 week, 3 week, 6th week, and 3 months after the surgery.

Statistical Analysis:
Comparison of the different time points with respect to pain scores in the two study groups by Wilcoxon matched pairs test was done. P value was significant in the study Group A with P = 0.0431* and was insignificant in the study Group B with P = 0.1088.

Results:
All three cases of titanium mesh in orbital floor reconstruction had signs of infection, tenderness, and radiographic proof after 1 week in two subjects and 3 weeks in one patient. Pain was seen in all eight patients 1 week postoperatively.

Conclusion:
Although orbital reconstruction is a technique sensitive procedure both Medpore and Titanium mesh functions.
Evaluating the Need of Continuing the Antiplatelet Drug Therapy in Patients Undergoing Minor Oral Surgical Procedures
Authors: Kumar Abhinav , Rao Amit , Nimkar Amit , Mahajani Monica , Suvvari Rama Krishna , Bhanot Rishabh 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Dental treatment in patients on antiplatelet drug therapy is a long standing debate. Discontinuation of medication increases the risk of thrombotic complications, whereas continuation leads to increased postoperative bleeding.

Aim:
We conducted this prospective cross-sectional study to assess risk of bleeding in patients continuing antiplatelet medication while performing minor oral surgical procedures such as single or multiple teeth extraction, transalveolar extraction of third molar, biopsy, and alveoloplasty.

Materials and Methods:
We calibrated the steps taken to achieve hemostasis, time taken to arrest bleeding, and correlated time taken to achieve hemostasis in patients under antiplatelet drug therapy (Group A [n = 64] - aspirin, Group B [n = 36] - aspirin and clopidogrel) and in patients without any drug therapy (Group C [n = 100] healthy patients).

Results:
Out of 200 patients, Level 1 hemostatic measures were required for 129 (64.5%) patients, Level 2 hemostatic measures were taken for 68 (34.0%) patients, and Level 3 hemostatic measures were taken for 3 (1.5%) patients. Chi-square test conducted to compare the local hemostatic measures taken for minor oral surgical procedure for all groups was statistically significant (P ≤ 0.001).

Conclusion:
Overall, there was no postoperative bleeding within 24 h of extraction in any patient group. In conclusion, surgical procedures can be safely accomplished in patients receiving single or dual antiplatelet therapy when appropriate local hemostatic measures are taken.
The Effects of Various Final Irrigants on the Bond Strength of Root Dentin Exposed to Chloroform: An In vitro Study
Authors: Kuriakose Feby , Joy Basil , Mathew Joy , Karathodiyil Ranjith , R Hariprasad , Philip Teenu 
Published: June 2021

Aim:
The aim of the study was to assess the reaction of different final irrigants to the bond strength of root dentin exposed to chloroform.

Materials and Methods:
Fifty extracted maxillary central incisors were selected. Working length was determined, and canal was instrumented with ProTaper rotary system (Dentsply Maillefer) till F4 file. The specimens were then divided into five groups (n = 10). Group 1: not disclosed to any root canal solvent, Group 2: disclosed to chloroform for 5 min, Group 3: chloroform for 5 min followed by absolute alcohol, Group 4: chloroform for 5 min followed by chlorhexidine (CHX), And Group 5 – chloroform for 5 min followed by saline. The canals were obturated with F4 gutta-percha cones with AH Plus sealer. The samples will be sectioned horizontally into 1 ± 0.1 mm thick slices. The push-out bond strength was performed in a universal testing machine. Results were statistically analyzed by one-way analysis of variance.

Results:
There existed a significant difference between the mean push-out bond strength of different groups. Irrigation with chloroform negatively affected the bonding between root canal sealer and root dentine. Absolute alcohol significantly improved the bond strength values.

Conclusion:
Exposure with chloroform during the retreatment will decrease the bonding between sealer (AH Plus) and root dentine. The use of absolute alcohol as a final irrigant improved the bonding between sealer and dentin. CHX and saline showed no improvement in bond strength.
Assessment of Salivary Cortisol Concentrations as a Level of Stress Indicator among Individuals Undergoing Dental Extraction Procedure
Authors: Thayumanavan Balakrishnan , Krithika C. , Mohideen Khadijah , R. Ranjalitha A.V. , Sacred Twinkle C.M. , Pravda C. , Prabhu Swetha 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Anxious patients tend to exaggerate the aversive events before the actual dental therapy. The anxiety and fear are the major factors that regulate cortisol levels.

Aim:
Our study aims to estimate the salivary cortisol among patients subjected to dental extraction and correlate any existence between pre- and post-extraction cortisol levels and vital parameters compared to the control group.

Methodology:
The study sample included sixty individuals, thirty patients indicated for a dental extraction, and thirty healthy patients between the ages of 18 and 60 years. We collected saliva samples from the control group and pre- and post-extraction samples from the study group participants and vital parameters. We used quantitative ELISA Kit, Diagnostics Biochem Canada Inc. (DBC), to estimate the salivary cortisol level. We evaluated the values using the Chi-square test, Pearson correlation test, and paired t-test using the JMP 15; JMP Pro, Version 15 (SAS) Microsoft® Windows® for × 64.

Results:
The mean value of cortisol concentration of saliva was significantly greater in the preextraction group (6.13 ± 0.53 μg/dl) than after extraction group (3.17 ± 0.14 μg/dl) (P < 0.001). There were no significant associations between hemodynamic parameters and salivary cortisol concentration except for the postextraction systolic blood pressure (BP). A comparison of hemodynamic parameters between the study and control group revealed substantial differences in systolic BP.

Conclusion:
The patient's anticipation and anxiety toward dental therapy elevate the cortisol level. Dental surgeons should treat the patients more conveniently and effectively without any strains and provide a comfortable atmosphere to avoid stress-related consequences.
Effect of Different Bonding Techniques on Marginal Adaptation of Harmonize Composite Resin at Different Storage Times
Authors: Alagha Ebaa Ibrahim 
Published: June 2021

Aim:
The aim of this study is to evaluate the outcome of diverse bonding methods on marginal adaptation of harmonize composite at altered times of storage.

Materials and Methods:
The study was done on 120 upper premolars with two adhesive systems (n = 60), self-etch, and total-etch type. Sixty teeth of each method were stored at three different times (n = 20) 1 day, 3, and 6 months. Class II cavities were made in all teeth restored with Harmonize composite incrementally. Then, each tooth was sectioned into two halves in buccolingual direction and observed with stereomicroscope for detecting any gaps and scanning electron microscope to assess resin-dentin junction.

Results:
Mean gap area was more in the self-etch group at the cervical and occlusal margins. Storage period of 6 months revealed significantly highest mean gap area.

Conclusions:
Total-etch system showed better marginal adaptation than the self-etch system and storage of resin in water has unfavorable marginal adaptation.
Evaluation of Central Obesity, Increased Body Mass Index, and its Relation to Oropharyngeal Airway Space Using Lateral Cephalogram in Risk Prediction of Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: KavithaGiri Nanitha Lakshmi , Mani M. Sudhaa , Ahamed S. Yasmeen , Sivaraman G. 
Published: June 2021

Introduction:
Maxillofacial radiologists play a significant role in detecting airway changes using radiographic tools. Clinical examination parameters and lateral cephalogram parameters play a vital role in diagnosing obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and dreadful consequences.

Aim and Objectives:
This study aims to evaluate central obesity, increased body mass index (BMI), and its relation to oropharyngeal airway space using lateral cephalogram in risk prediction of OSA. Objectives are to measure central obesity and BMI.

Methodology:
BMI is measured using World Health Organization guidelines to measure oropharyngeal airway space and the tongue and soft palate area using lateral cephalogram to predict OSA's risk using Berlin's questionnaire. Age group between 18 and 60 years with 20 individuals in each group will be present in the study.

Conclusion:
Cephalometric upper airway space and soft-tissue variables in different BMI groups were compared, and it was found that there was a decrease in SPAS, MAS with an increase in BMI, and in patients with BMI <24, there was narrower nasopharynx and oropharynx.
Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Assessment of Canal-Centering Ability for Traditionally Used Nickel Titanium and Nickel Titanium Files with Reciprocating Hand Piece and Wave-One Files
Authors: Shaik Rubeena Tabasum , Uppalapati Satyanarayana V. V. , Uppu Lavanya Neelima , Sudhamsetty Sriramarao , Kumar D. Praneeth , Kumpatla Maheswari 
Published: June 2021

Aim of the Study:
Need for our study was to evaluate a comparison between canal preparation ability of nickel–titanium (NiTi) hand files with step-back manual technique, of NiTi files installed on a reciprocating hand piece and of Wave-One files utilizing noninvasive cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) technique.

Materials and Methods:
Thirty extracted intact single-rooted human mandibular premolars were used in the study, segregated in three sets of 10 specimens each, where canal instrumentation was done by different methods using NiTi in step-back technique, using reciprocating hand piece with NiTi files and using primary file with the use of Wave-One reciprocating system. Later, evaluation of centering ability was conducted using the references through CBCT images.

Results:
Hand NiTi files showed even less canal centering ability as compared to other two sets. Mesiodistal diameter at 9 mm length of the prepared canal was 1.06 and later was 0.98, which shows excessive preparation in case of Set I versus Set II. In case of comparison between Set III and Set I, mesiodistal diameter at 9 mm length of the prepared canal was 0.99, and later was 1.06, depicting better canal shaping ability with Wave-One file.

Conclusion:
The use of hand NiTi files installed on a reciprocating hand piece would be economically beneficial producing the similar results as that of wave one without any deviation from the original canal anatomy.
Assessment of Fracture Resistances of Endodontically Treated Teeth Filled with Different Root Canal Filling Systems
Authors: Chandra Padma , Singh Vishal , Singh Shelly , Agrawal Govind Nandkumar , Heda Amit , Patel Nikita Sureshkumar 
Published: June 2021

Background:
The motive of endodontic therapy is cleaning, shaping, and subsequently obturation. This study assessed different root canal filling systems in terms of fracture resistances of endodontically treated teeth.

Methodology:
This study was conducted on eighty single-rooted permanent mandibular incisor teeth which were divided into five groups: Group I was negative control; Group II was positive control; Group III comprised of gutta-percha/AH Plus; Group IV comprised of Thermafil/AH Plus; and Group V Resilon/Epiphany SE. Universal testing machine measured fracture resistance.

Results:
The mean fracture resistance in Group I was 458.6 ± 112.4 N, in Group II was 214.8 ± 104.6 N, in Group III was 428.6 ± 108.2 N, in Group IV was 388.2 ± 126.2 N, and in Group V was 334.8 ± 102.7 N. The difference found to be statistically significant (P < 0.05). Intergroup comparison showed a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) between Groups I-II, I-V, II-III, and II-IV.

Conclusion:
The authors found that lateral condensation performed with AH Plus sealer and gutta-percha and the Thermafil technique were the highest among all other methods.
Mandibular Ramus as a Strong Expressor of Sex Determinations: A Digital Radiographic Study
Authors: Kaur Ramneet , Pallagatti Shambulingappa , Aggarwal Amit , Mittal Preeti Garg , Singh Mandeep , Patel Mili Lalitkumar 
Published: June 2021

Background:
This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of mandibular ramus in gender identification in Haryana population.

Materials and Methods:
One hundred patients were assessed. Panoramic radiological examination was done. Following parameters were recorded: MAX. RM. WDTH (Maximum ramus breadth), MIN. RM. WDTH (Minimum ramus breadth), CND. HGT. RM (Condylar height), PRJ. HGT. RM (Projective height of the ramus), and CRND. HGT. RM (Coronoid height). All the results were recorded in Microsoft excel sheet and were analyzed by SPSS software version 16.0.

Results:
There is significant difference found in males and females in maximum ramus width, minimum ramus width, condylar height, and coronoid height and between male and females in condylar height and coronoid height. Furthermore, there was statistical significant difference between male and females in coronoid height.

Conclusion:
Mandibular ramus can be used for gender assessment as a part of forensic investigation.
Assessment of Prevalence of Dental Caries among School-going Children: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Singh Iqbal , Kaur Kanwalpreet , Narang Samisha , Yadav Saurabh , Kaur Sukhpreet , Singh Neha Verma 
Published: June 2021

Background:
The background of the study was to assess the prevalence of dental caries among school-going children.

Materials and Methods:
Six thousand eight hundred and ninety school-going children was enrolled. General clinical examination was carried out. Mouth mirror, probe, and explorer were used for carrying out the clinical examination. Over a time span of 6 months, the entire study was completed. All the examiners who performed clinical examination underwent a single-day training program for detecting dental caries. All the participants were seated on straight wooden chairs and were examined clinically. The prevalence of caries was recorded.

Results:
The prevalence was 26.02%. Among these children with dental caries, 50.25% of the children belonged to the age group of 13–15 years, while the remaining 49.75% of the children belonged to the age group of 9–12 years. Prevalence of dental caries was significantly higher in females (71.11%) in comparison to males. Furthermore, dental caries was significantly more prevalent among participants with toothbrushing frequency of less than once a day (51.20%).

Conclusion:
There is an imperative need for intimating health check-up camps among school-going children.
Oral Sensations among Individuals with Illicit Drug Dependence in Rehabilitation Centers: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Bhuyan Lipsa , Nishat Roquaiya , Goutham Balasubramanya , Dash Kailash Chandra , Mishra Pallavi , Mahapatra Niva 
Published: June 2021

Background:
In developing countries like India, irrespective of the various government laws and actions, substance abuse is a growing problem. Individuals with illicit drug dependence face social and psychological stigma with considerable health problems. Negligence to oral hygiene and lack of oral health treatments intensifies the sensations experienced by the subjects.

Aim:
The aim is to determine the patterns of substance abuse and oral health sensations among individuals with illicit drug dependence.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted wherein 213 male individuals with illicit drug dependence history, admitted in rehabilitation centers of Bhubaneswar, formed the study population. Information pertaining to the type and duration of drug dependence along with oral sensations experienced by the individuals during a period of 3 months was obtained by interviewing by the subjects. Chi-square test was done to identify variations in oral sensations produced by different illicit drugs and its relationship with their usage pattern.

Results:
About 40.8% of dependents reported cannabis intake, thus making it the most commonly consumed drug. About 80.8% of all the subjects reported dryness of the mouth, 47.9% reported sensitivity of teeth and 28.2% suffered from the numbness of their mouth. About 19.7% of the individuals felt like chewing on something, 23% inclined toward grinding, whereas 11.7% experienced pain in the jaw muscles and joint. Sixty percent of substance dependents who smoked drugs had sensitive teeth (P ≤ 0.05). All the oral sensations experienced were significantly more among drug dependents with a history of illicit drug usage for >5years in comparison to others.

Conclusion:
Substance abuse results in a range of oral sensations. De-addiction programs in India lack oral health-care components. Studies on oral complications related to addiction stresses on the need of oral healthcare at various levels, including education, prevention, and treatment. All these components should be amalgamated into general care services for addicts.
Scanning Electron Microscopic and Dye Penetration Evaluation of Hand Instrumentation Techniques on Formation of Smear Layer in Root Canal Preparation: An In vitro Study
Authors: Galhotra Vineet , Chauhan Ankur , Mohkar Sagar H. , Heda Amit , Agrawal Govind Nandkumar , Chavan Aniket 
Published: June 2021

Aims and Objectives:
The present study was undertaken for evaluating various hand instrumentation techniques with different instruments in the formation of smear layer.

Materials and Methods:
One hundred and seventy-five extracted mandibular molars were collected and were cut at cementoenamel junction. Afterward, the distal roots were separated. Working length was determined, and roots were divided into five equal groups with 35 roots in each group as follows: Group A: K-type files with conventional step-back technique, Group B: Canal Master U instrument with clockwise–counterclockwise rotation, Group C: Flex-R® files with clockwise–counterclockwise rotation, Group D: FlexoFiles® with conventional step-back technique, and Group E: Nickel titanium files with conventional step-back technique. Biomechanical preparation was done according to their respective groups. The teeth in various groups were scanned under scanning electron microscope and scoring was done. All the results were analyzed by SPSS software version 17.0.

Results:
Scanning electron microscopic results indicated that apparently there seems to be a significant difference in the scoring of the smear layer between each group at all the three levels, but the difference was statistically nonsignificant. Microleakage was present in all the samples. Nonsignificant results were obtained while comparing the microleakage in between different the groups. However, microleakage was highest in Group D.

Conclusion:
The amount of smear layer is maximum at the apical third and lesser in the middle third followed by the coronal third in all the groups. All the samples showed microleakage to a varying extent.
Assessment of Prevalence of Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis in the North Indian Population: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Kaur Ramneet , Behl Ashima Bali , Punia Ramandeep Singh , Nirav Kumar , Singh Khundongbam Bikramjit , Kaur Sukhpreet 
Published: June 2021

Aim and Objective:
The present study was undertaken for assessing the prevalence of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) in the North Indian population.

Materials and Methods:
Assessment of a total of 4255 patients was done over a period of 2 years, who came for a routine dental checkup. Recording of the complete demographic and clinical details of all the patients was done. The prevalence of RAS was assessed. Profile of patients with RAS was assessed separately. A pro forma was made and the type of treatment protocol followed by patients with RAS was also recorded. All the results were recorded in a Microsoft Excel sheet and were analyzed using SPSS software.

Results:
Analysis of a total of 4255 patients was done. RAS was found to be present in 800 patients. The overall prevalence of RAS was found to be 18.93%. Significant results were obtained when analyzing age, gender, and occupation as risk factors for RAS. Labial/buccal mucosa involvement occurred in 51.875% of the cases. In 44% of the cases, the size of the RAS was between 1 cm and 3 cm. Home remedy was followed in 17.875% of the cases.

Conclusion:
A significant proportion of patients in the North Indian population is affected by RAS. In comparison to males, females are more commonly affected.
Assessment of the Effect of Complete Dentures on Respiratory Performance: A Spirometric Analysis
Authors: Shah Bukhari Jawaz Ahmad , Sudan Sidhant , Bangar Bhushan , Kumar Neeraj , Bhatia Prateek , Duggal Rohit 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Among the vital functions, respiration can be claimed to be one of the most important. A thorough understanding of the patient should be an important aspect a prosthodontist should dwell into so as to predispose patients to acknowledge the kind of prosthesis they require. Hence, the present study was conducted for assessing the effect of complete dentures on respiratory performance.

Materials and Methods:
Fifty patients with the presence of complete edentulous arch and who had a history of complete denture usage for at least 5 years were enrolled. All the spirometric procedures were performed by trained technicians. A diagnostic spirometer was employed for performing the spirometric test. Testing was carried out in the following steps: Stage 1: testing in the absence of denture, Stage 2: testing in the presence of both dentures, Stage 3: testing in the presence of maxillary denture only, and Stage 4: testing in the presence of mandibular dentures only. Forced vital capacity (FVC) value, peak expiratory flow (PEF) value, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) value, and forced expiratory flow 25%–75% (FEF25–75) value were recorded with the spirometric test. Analysis of all the results was done by SPSS software.

Results:
The spirometric value of FVC, PEF, FEV1, and FEF25–75 in the absence of both maxillary and mandibular dentures (Stage 1) was found to be 3.18, 5.83, 2.44, and 2.80, respectively. The spirometric value of FVC, PEF, FEV1, and FEF25–75 in the presence of both maxillary and mandibular dentures (Stage 2) was found to be 3.09, 5.67, 2.41, and 2.67, respectively. While analyzing statistically, it was seen that there was a significant decrease in the value of spirometric variables in the presence of dentures.

Conclusion:
Chronic denture wearer edentulous patients are subjected to the risk of development of spirometric alterations. Hence, these patients should be given timely instructions about the various respiratory exercise protocols.