bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple clinical risks for cannabis users during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Borgonhi Ellen Mello , Volpatto Vanessa Loss , Ornell Felipe , Rabelo-da-Ponte Francisco Diego , Kessler Felix Henrique Paim 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe pandemic caused by Sars-CoV-2 (COVID-19) has been a great concern for public and mental health systems worldwide. The identification of risk groups is essential for the establishment of preventive and therapeutic strategies, as for substance users. During COVID-19 pandemic, there was an increase in the use of psychoactive substances during the lockdown, including cannabis. This commentary reviews relevant findings and discusses scientific evidence on the risks of worse clinical and psychiatric complications due to coronavirus disease COVID-19 in subjects who use cannabis. Although they are not included as a risk group in the health recommendations for that disease, they may have a more vulnerable respiratory system to viral diseases. There are certain similarities between the harmful cardiovascular and respiratory effects of cannabis use and those of smoking. Due to the different modes of smoking, cannabis chemicals are retained in the body for longe and may also contain other toxic substances such as tar, a substance found in tobacco and which has been associated with the development of lung cancer, bronchitis and pulmonary emphysema. Therefore, we discuss if individuals who use cannabis regularly might be more vulnerable to COVID-19 infection. This population deserves more clinical attention worldwide and this manuscript can help clinicians become more aware of cannabis risks during pandemics and develop specific intervention strategies.
COVID-19, anorexia nervosa and obese patients with an eating disorder - some considerations for practitioners and researchers
Authors: Simeunovic Ostojic Mladena , Maas Joyce , Bodde Nynke M. G. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSince COVID-19 is a global health emergency, there is an urgent need to share experiences on decision-making with regard to safety recommendations and for hypotheses that can inform a more focused prevention and treatment. Moreover, combining research into eating disorders and obesity with research into COVID-19 may provide a unique opportunity to shed light on the susceptibility to COVID-19.
Semi-analytical solutions of seismo-electromagnetic signals arising from the motional induction in 3-D multi-layered media: part I—theoretical formulations
Authors: Sun Yao-Chong , Ren Hengxin , Yamazaki Ken’ichi , Zeng Ling , Huang Qinghua , Chen Xiaofei 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTaking into account the motional induction effect, in which the Earth crust that has finite electrical conductivity vibrates in the ambient geomagnetic field resulting in motionally induced electric current, we derive semi-analytical solutions of seismo-electromagnetic signals generated by an earthquake source in 3-D multi-layered media, which consists of an air half-space and multiple solid layers. First, both the elastic and electromagnetic (EM) wave-fields involved in the governing equations, which have the form of Maxwell’s equations coupled with elastodynamic equations, are expanded by a set of vector basis functions in cylindrical coordinate system. Then, we reorganize the transformed governing equations expressed by expansion coefficients and obtain corresponding first-order ordinary differential equations for the wave-fields in air and solid media. The expansion of the motionally induced electric current and the reorganization of Maxwell’s equations are the most important part, and also the most complicated and tedious part of this work. Thereafter, we solve the first-order ordinary differential equations through the Luco–Apsel–Chen generalized reflection and transmission method gaining solutions of the expansion coefficients. Finally, we obtain the frequency–space-domain semi-analytical solutions written as integrations of corresponding expansion coefficients over wavenumber domain, which can be numerically calculated by the discrete wavenumber method. The time-domain solutions can be achieved by further applying the discrete inverse Fourier transform. To have a numerical stability at any high frequency, we adopt the analytical regularization approach in the derivation process by introducing two artificial interfaces with infinitely small distance from the source. On the basis of the semi-analytical solutions, we can tell that only EM fields of TM mode (in which magnetic fields are transversely polarized) will be induced by SH waves, whereas EM fields of both TE mode (in which magnetic fields are transversely polarized) and TM mode will be induced by P and SV waves. The derived semi-analytical solutions can be used to calculate seismo-electromagnetic signals either below or above the free surface.
Alignment determination of the Hayabusa2 laser altimeter (LIDAR)
Authors: Noda Hirotomo , Senshu Hiroki , Matsumoto Koji , Namiki Noriyuki , Mizuno Takahide , Sugita Seiji , Abe Shinsuke , Araki Hiroshi , Asari Kazuyoshi , Cho Yuichiro , Fujii Atsushi , Hayakawa Masahiko , Higuchi Arika , Hirata Naoyuki , Hirata Naru , Honda Chikatoshi , Honda Rie , Ishihara Yoshiaki , Kameda Shingo , Kikuchi Shota , Kouyama Toru , Matsuoka Moe , Mimasu Yuya , Morota Tomokatsu , Nakazawa Satoru , Ogawa Kazunori , Ogawa Naoko , Ono Go , Oshigami Shoko , Saiki Takanao , Sakatani Naoya , Sasaki Sho , Sawada Hirotaka , Shizugami Makoto , Suzuki Hidehiko , Takahashi Tadateru , Takei Yuto , Tanaka Satoshi , Tatsumi Eri , Terui Fuyuto , Tsuda Yuichi , Tsuruta Seiitsu , Watanabe Sei-ichiro , Yamada Manabu , Yamada Ryuhei , Yamaguchi Tomohiro , Yamamoto Keiko , Yokota Yasuhiro , Yoshida Fumi , Yoshikawa Kent , Yoshikawa Makoto , Yoshioka Kazuo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this study, we determined the alignment of the laser altimeter aboard Hayabusa2 with respect to the spacecraft using in-flight data. Since the laser altimeter data were used to estimate the trajectory of the Hayabusa2 spacecraft, the pointing direction of the altimeter needed to be accurately determined. The boresight direction of the receiving telescope was estimated by comparing elevations of the laser altimeter data and camera images, and was confirmed by identifying prominent terrains of other datasets. The estimated boresight direction obtained by the laser link experiment in the winter of 2015, during the Earth’s gravity assist operation period, differed from the direction estimated in this study, which fell on another part of the candidate direction; this was not selected in a previous study. Assuming that the uncertainty of alignment determination of the laser altimeter boresight was 4.6 pixels in the camera image, the trajectory error of the spacecraft in the cross- and/or along-track directions was determined to be 0.4, 2.1, or 8.6 m for altitudes of 1, 5, or 20 km, respectively.
Co-estimating geomagnetic field and calibration parameters: modeling Earth’s magnetic field with platform magnetometer data
Authors: Kloss Clemens , Finlay Christopher C. , Olsen Nils 
Published: January 2021

AbstractModels of the geomagnetic field rely on magnetic data of high spatial and temporal resolution to give an accurate picture of the Earth’s internal magnetic field and its time-dependence. The magnetic data from low-Earth orbit satellites of dedicated magnetic survey missions such as CHAMP andSwarmplay a key role in the construction of such models. Unfortunately, there are no magnetic data available from such satellites after the end of the CHAMP mission in 2010 and before the launch of theSwarmmission in late 2013. This limits our ability to recover signals on timescales of 3 years and less during this gap period. The magnetic data from platform magnetometers carried by satellites for navigational purposes may help address this data gap provided that they are carefully calibrated. Earlier studies have demonstrated that platform magnetometer data can be calibrated using a fixed geomagnetic field model as reference. However, this approach can lead to biased calibration parameters. An alternative approach has been developed in the form of a co-estimation scheme which consists of simultaneously estimating both the calibration parameters and a model of the internal part of the geomagnetic field. Here, we go further and develop a scheme, based on the CHAOS field modeling framework, that involves co-estimation of both internal and external geomagnetic field models along with calibration parameters of platform magnetometer data. Using our implementation, we are able to derive a geomagnetic field model spanning 2008 to 2018 with satellite magnetic data from CHAMP,Swarm, secular variation data from ground observatories, and platform magnetometer data from CryoSat-2 and the GRACE satellite pair. Through a number of experiments, we explore correlations between the estimates of the geomagnetic field and the calibration parameters, and suggest how these may be avoided. We find evidence that platform magnetometer data provide additional information on the secular acceleration, especially in the Pacific during the gap between CHAMP andSwarm. This study adds to the evidence that it is beneficial to use platform magnetometer data in geomagnetic field modeling.
Solar activity dependence of medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances using GPS receivers in Japan
Authors: Otsuka Yuichi , Shinbori Atsuki , Tsugawa Takuya , Nishioka Michi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn order to reveal solar activity dependence of the medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) at midlatitudes, total electron content (TEC) data obtained from a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver network in Japan during 22 years from 1998 to 2019 were analyzed. We have calculated the detrended TEC by subtracting the 1-h running average from the original TEC data for each satellite and receiver pair, and made two-dimensional TEC maps of the detrended TEC with a spatial resolution of 0.15° × 0.15° in longitude and latitude. We have investigated MSTID activity, defined as $$\delta I/\overline{I}$$

δ
I
/

I
¯

, where $$\delta I$$

δ
I

and $$\overline{I}$$

I
¯

are standard deviation of the detrended TEC and the average vertical TEC within the area of 133.0°–137.0° E and 33.0°–37.0° N for 1 h, respectively. From each 2-h time series of the detrended TEC data within the same area as the MSTID activity, auto-correlation functions (ACFs) of the detrended TEC were calculated to estimate the horizontal propagation velocity and direction of the MSTIDs. Statistical results of the MSTID activity and propagation direction of MSTIDs were consistent with previous studies and support the idea that daytime MSTIDs could be caused by atmospheric gravity waves, and that nighttime MSTIDs were caused by electro-dynamical forces, such as the Perkins instability. From the current long-term observations, we have found that the nighttime MSTID activity and occurrence rate increased with decreasing solar activity. For the daytime MSTID, the occurrence rate increased with decreasing solar activity, whereas the MSTID activity did not show distinct solar activity dependence. These results suggest that the secondary gravity waves generated by dissipation of the primary gravity waves propagating from below increase under low solar activity conditions. The mean horizontal phase velocity of the MSTIDs during nighttime did not show a distinct solar activity dependence, whereas that during daytime showed an anticorrelation with solar activity. The horizontal phase velocity of the daytime MSTIDs was widely distributed from 40 to 180 m/s under high solar activity conditions, whereas it ranged between 80 and 200 m/s, with a maximum occurrence at 130 m/s under low solar activity conditions, suggesting that gravity waves with low phase velocity could be dissipated by high viscosity in the thermosphere under low solar activity conditions.
A case study of the first pregnant woman with COVID-19 in Bukavu, eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: Birindwa Etienne Kajibwami , Mulumeoderhwa Guy Mulinganya , Nyakio Olivier , Mbale Guy-Quesney Mateso , Mushamuka Serge Zigabe , Materanya Jeanne Maningo , Kahasha Pierrot Mulumeoderhwa , Bisimwa Yvette Kujirakwinja , Kampara Freddy Mirindi , Irenge Jules Mongane , Kibalama Isaac Barhishindi , Luzadi Pierre Kabuya , Malembaka Espoir Bwenge , Mayeri Daniel Garhalangwa-Na-Muntu , Baguma Marius , Balaluka Ghislain Bisimwa 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Vertical transmission of covid-19 is possible; its risk factors are worth researching. The placental changes found in pregnant women have a definite impact on the foetus.

Case presentation
We report a case of a 25-year-old woman, gravida 3, para 2 (2 alive children), with a history of two caesarean deliveries, who was infected by the SARS-CoV-2 during the last term of her pregnancy. She gave birth by caesarean at 34 weeks of gestation to a newborn baby also infected with SARS-CoV-2. The peri-operative observations noted several eruptive lesions in the pelvis, bleeding on contact. Microscopic examination of the foetal appendages revealed thrombotic vasculopathy in the placenta and in the umbilical cord vessels.

Conclusion
This case is one of the first documented cases of COVID-19 in pregnancy in sub-Saharan Africa. We strongly suggest obstetricians to carefully examine the aspect of the peritoneum, viscera and foetal appendages in affected pregnant women.
Lethal multiple colon necrosis and perforation due to fulminant amoebic colitis: a surgical case report and literature review
Authors: Tomino Takahiro , Ninomiya Mizuki , Minagawa Ryosuke , Matono Rumi , Yumi Oshiro  , Kitahara Daichi , Izumi Takuma , Taniguchi Daisuke , Hirose Kosuke , Kajiwara Yuichiro , Minami Kazuhito , Nishizaki Takashi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Amoebiasis caused by the protozoan species Entamoeba histolytica rarely develops into fulminant amoebic colitis (FAC), but when it does, it shows an aggressive clinical course including colonic perforation, necrotizing colitis, and high mortality. Surgical treatment for FAC patients should be carried out urgently. However, even after surgery, the mortality rate can be 40–50%. Although FAC is one of the most unfavorable surgical diseases with a poor prognosis, there are a few reports on the perioperative diagnosis and management of FAC based on autopsy findings. We herein report the surgical case of a 64-year-old man who developed multiple colon necrosis and perforation due to FAC. A detailed autopsy revealed FAC as the cause of death. Additionally, we reviewed the existing literature on FAC patients who underwent surgery and followed their perioperative diagnosis and management.

Case presentation
A 64-year-old man presented with anorexia, diarrhea, and altered consciousness on arrival to our hospital. Computed tomography revealed a large mass in the upper right lobe of his lung, and the patient was admitted for close investigation. Bloody diarrhea, lower abdominal pain, and hypotension were observed soon after admission. Urgent abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan revealed extensive intestinal ischemia, intestinal pneumatosis, and free intra-abdominal gas. The preoperative diagnosis was bowel necrosis and perforation with intussusception of the small intestinal tumor. Emergency subtotal colectomy and enterectomy were performed soon after the contrast-enhanced computed tomography. He was taken to an intensive care unit after surgery. However, he could not recover from sepsis and died with disseminated intravascular coagulation and multiple organ failure on the 10th-day post-surgery. A histopathological examination of the resected colon showed transmural necrosis and massive amoebae invasion. He was diagnosed with FAC. An autopsy revealed that he had developed pulmonary large cell carcinoma with small intestinal metastasis. The death was caused by intestinal ischemia, necrosis and the perforation of the residual bowel caused by amoebae invasion.

Conclusions
Since FAC is a lethal disease with a high mortality rate and antibiotic therapies except metronidazole are ineffective, preoperative serological testing and perioperative metronidazole therapy in FAC patients can dramatically improve their survival rates.
Management practices related to the control of gastrointestinal parasites on Swedish pig farms
Authors: Pettersson Emelie , Sjölund Marie , Wallgren Torun , Lind Eva Osterman , Höglund Johan , Wallgren Per 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Internal parasites are common in pigs worldwide and may induce clinical disease or subclinical infections with negative effects such as poor weight gain and reduced welfare, which in turn affect productivity. Effective parasite control to reduce the negative impact of parasitic infections demands a combination of antiparasitic drugs as well as various hygiene and biosecurity practices. The aim of this study was to obtain information on current management practices and parasite control routines used on Swedish pig farms using an online questionnaire.

Results
Antiparasitic drugs were used on 69% of the farms routinely and were mainly administered to sows just prior to farrowing. Less than 5% of the herds conducted faecal analysis for parasites. Batchwise, age segregated rearing was common and overall, it was practiced for piglets, growers, and fatteners on 88, 80 and 75% of the farms, respectively. Large and medium sized farms appeared to apply stricter hygiene and biosecurity measures to the growing pigs compared to small farms. Dry sows were mainly housed in groups on deep litter straw beds and cleaning, as well as disinfection, between each group was less common compared to what was practiced for growing pigs. Outdoor access was rare and only occurred on organic and small farms. Most of the farms, 54, 74 and 82% of small, medium, and large sized herds respectively, reported to have less than 5% white spot lesions, caused by migrating A. suum larvae, registered at slaughter.

Conclusion
Several risk factors for parasite infections, such as bedding material, group housing and solid floors, are mandatory requirements by national law. However, it was evident from this study that although strategic hygiene and biosecurity practices appeared common, they were not practiced in all herds and less so for dry sows. Antiparasitic drugs were used frequently and mainly through routine prophylactic treatments without prior testing for parasites. A holistic approach is necessary when designing efficient parasite control programs, and it is essential that management factors and routine monitoring of parasites are given attention. This to achieve efficient parasite control and reduce the risk of unnecessary use of antiparasitic drugs.
Vocational rehabilitation to enhance return to work after trauma (ROWTATE): protocol for a non-randomised single-arm mixed-methods feasibility study
Authors:   On behalf of the ROWTATE study team, Kendrick Denise , das Nair Roshan , Kellezi Blerina , Morriss Richard , Kettlewell Jade , Holmes Jain , Timmons Stephen , Bridger Kay , Patel Priya , Brooks Adam , Hoffman Karen , Radford Kathryn 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Traumatic injuries are common amongst working-age adults. Survivors often experience physical and psychological problems, reduced quality of life and difficulty returning to work. Vocational rehabilitation improves work outcomes for a range of conditions but evidence of effectiveness for those with traumatic injuries is lacking. This study assesses feasibility of delivering a vocational rehabilitation intervention to enhance return to work and improve quality of life and wellbeing in people with at least moderate trauma to inform design of a definitive randomised controlled trial (RCT).

Methods
Non-randomised, single-arm, multi-centre mixed-methods feasibility study with nested case studies and qualitative study. The case studies comprise interviews, observations of clinical contacts and review of clinical records. The qualitative study comprises interviews and/or focus groups. Participants will be recruited from two UK major trauma centres. Participants will comprise 40 patients aged 16–69 with an injury severity score of > 8 who will receive the intervention and complete questionnaires. Interviews will be conducted with 10 patients and their occupational therapists (OTs), clinical psychologists (CPs), employers and commissioners of rehabilitation services. Fidelity will be assessed in up to six patients by observations of OT and CP—patient contacts, review of patient records and intervention case report forms. OT and CP training will be evaluated using questionnaires and competence to deliver the intervention assessed using a team objective structured clinical examination and written task. Patients participating in and those declining participation in the study will be invited to take part in interviews/focus groups to explore barriers and facilitators to recruitment and retention. Outcomes include recruitment and retention rates, intervention fidelity, OT and CP competence to deliver the intervention, experiences of delivering or receiving the intervention and factors likely to influence definitive trial delivery.

Discussion
Effective vocational rehabilitation interventions to enhance return to work amongst trauma patients are urgently needed because return to work is often delayed, with detrimental effects on health, financial stability, healthcare resource use and wider society. This protocol describes a feasibility study delivering a complex intervention to enhance return to work in those with at least moderate trauma.

Trial registration
ISRCTN: 74668529. Prospectively registered on 23 January 20
Efficacy of an herbal preparation based on lovage, rosemary, and centaury on patients after extracorporal shockwave lithotripsy
Authors: Vitkovskyy Volodymyr Frankovych 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Study objective
To study the effect of a herbal preparation containing a standardised BNO 1040 extract* (based on lovage root, rosemary leaves and aerial parts of centaury) on the extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) results in patients with urolithiasis (UL).

Methodology
150 patients with UL (aged 18–65 years) treated with ESWL method were divided into 2 equal groups. The main group (n = 75) received standard recommendations and herbal preparation (12 months). The control group (n = 75) received standard recommendations only. The following was evaluated: time and degree of elimination of fragments; the presence of pain and leukocyturia; recurrent stone formation.

Results
The elimination of fragments was observed up to 14 days in 94.7% of patients in the main group versus 76% of patients in the control group. Renal colic was observed in 6.7% of patients in the main group versus 10.7% of patients in the control group; cases of leukocyturia were observed within 14 days in 10.7% versus 22.7%, respectively. During the year, a recurrent lithiasis was diagnosed in 6.7% of patients in the main group and in 16% of patients in the control group.

Conclusion
The use of BNO 1040 extract in combination with ESWL: contributes to more rapid and safe elimination of fragments of the calculi and reduces the risk of recurrent stone formation.

Trial registration
DRKS ID 00021200. Registered retrospectively in German Clinical Trial Register 27.03.2020. https://www.drks.de/