bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of Avian Influenza H9N2 Virus Isolated from Humans and its Seroprevalence Among Occupationally Exposed Populations in China
Authors: Dong Jie , Bo Hong , Dong Libo , Zhang Ye , Huang Weijuan , Zou Shumei , Li Xiyan , Yang Lei , Zeng Xiaoxu , Liu Jia , Chen Tao , Shu Yuelong , Wang Dayan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: The first human-infected H9N2 influenza case can be traced back to 1998. Although the H9N2 influenza virus has low pathogenicity in animals, it donated partial or whole cassettes of internal genes to reassort novel viruses, such as H7N9, H10N8 and H5N6 viruses, that caused human infections with high fatality. Since 2013, sporadic but increasingly frequent human cases caused by H9N2 influenza virus have been confirmed globally, and most of them were from China. Methods: Information on human infections with H9N2 influenza virus was collected. Viral molecular determinants were determined by deep sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis was performed using MEGA 6.06. Antigenic analysis was performed by a hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay. Receptor binding preference analysis was conducted based on a solid-phase binding assay with synthetic sialylglycopolymers. Antiviral susceptibility was determined by a fluorescence-based neuraminidase (NA) inhibition assay. Serological study of occupationally exposed populations was performed by HI assay screening and confirmed by microneutralization assay.Results: From 2013 to 2018, 33 human H9N2cases were reported in China, among them 75.7% were children under 10 years old .The 22 viruses were isolated and concentrated in the Y280/G9 lineage of the HA and NA genes. All human H9N2 viruses belonged to the Y280/G9 antigenic lineage, presented a human-like receptor binding preference and remained susceptible to NA inhibitors, but most demonstrated resistance to M2 inhibitors. The seroprevalence of occupationally exposed populations was 2.15%, 3.17%, 2.93% and 1.54% from 2015 to 2018, respectively. A significant difference in seroprevalence was shown between provinces with human cases (3.66%) and provinces without human cases (2.18%). Conclusions: The continuous antigenic drift and human-like receptor binding preference of the H9N2 virus enable it to have a high risk of causing human infections. The status of the seropositivity in occupationally exposed populations implies a substantial threat to public health. Research on human infection with H9N2 influenza virus should be strengthened to monitor the emergence of sustainable human-to-human transmission and the possibility of an endemic or a pandemic related to it.
Estimation of Rectal Temperature of Goats Based on Surface Temperature
Authors: Marques Jordânio Inácio , Leite Patrício Gomes , Neto José Pinheiro Lopes , Furtado Dermeval Araújo , Lopes Fernanda Fernandes de Melo , Borges Valéria Peixoto , de Medeiros Geovergue Rodrigues , Sousa Washington da Silva 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Infrared thermography (IR) is a non-invasive tool with potential to indicate changes in the animal's thermal conditions in response to the thermally stressful environment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the application of IR to estimate the rectal temperature of crossbred goats of the Boer breed. Six male crossbred goats of the Boer breed were distributed in a completely randomized design and submitted to temperatures of 26, 30 and 34 °C and 68% relative humidity. Rectal temperature (RT) and thermograms data were collected from animals at each air temperature (AT) evaluated. In the thermograms, the temperatures of the ocular globe (PT), head (HT), shoulder (ST), hindquarter (HQ) and maximum infrared (IRMax) temperatures of the animals' surfaces were collected. The correlation of PT, HT, ST, HQ and IRMax data with RT was evaluated through the Pearson coefficient analysis and the concordance using Bland-Altman diagrams. With the exception of the IRMax surface temperature, the others were adequate for the accurate estimation of RT, with PT standing out for presenting the highest correlation coefficient with RT (r = 0.951) and estimation errors varying in the range of ± 0.27 °C.
Runoff Forecast and Analysis of the Probability of Dry and Wet Transition in the Hanjiang River Basin
Authors: Jin Haoyu , Chen Xiaohong , Zhong Ruida 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Runoff prediction has an important guiding role in the planning and management of regional water resources, flood prevention and drought resistance, and can effectively predict the risk of changes in regional water resources. This study used 12 runoff prediction methods to predict the runoff of four hydrological stations in the Hanjiang River Basin (HRB). Through the MCMC method, the HRB runoff probability conversion model from low to high (high to low) is constructed. The study found that the runoff of the HRB had a decreasing trend. In the mid-1980s, the runoff had a significant decreasing trend. The smoother the runoff changes, the easier it is to make accurate prediction. On the whole, the QS-MFM, MFM, MA-MFM, CES and DNN methods have strong generalization ability and can more accurately predict the runoff of the HRB. The Logistic model can accurately simulate the change of runoff status in the HRB. Among them, the HLT station has the fastest conversion rate of drought and flood, and the flow that generates floods is 6 times that of drought. The smaller the basin area, the larger the gap between drought and flood discharge. Overall, this research provides important technical support for the prediction of change in water resources and the transition probability from drought to flood in the HRB.
Signatures of Genetic Variation in Human microRNAs Point to Processes of Positive Selection and Population-specific Disease Risks
Authors: Villegas-Mirón Pablo , Gallego Alcia , Bertranpetit Jaume , Laayouni Hafid , Parrilla Yolanda Espinosa 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The occurrence of natural variation in human microRNAs has been the focus of numerous studies during the last twenty years. Most of them have been centered on the role of specific mutations in disease, while a minor proportion seek to analyse microRNA diversity in the genomes of human populations. We investigate the latest human microRNA annotations in the light of the most updated catalog of genetic variation provided by the 1000 Genomes Project. By means of the in silico analysis of microRNA variants we show that the level of evolutionary constraint of these sequences is governed by the interplay of different factors, like their evolutionary age or genomic location. The role of mutations in the shaping of microRNA-driven regulatory interactions is emphasized with the acknowledgement that, while the whole microRNA sequence is highly conserved, the seed region shows a pattern of higher genetic diversity that appears to be caused by the dramatic frequency shifts of a fraction of human microRNAs. We highlight the participation of these microRNAs in population-specific processes by identifying that not only the seed, but also the loop, are particularly differentiated regions among human populations. The quantitative computational comparison of signatures of population differentiation showed that candidate microRNAs with the largest differences are enriched in variants related to gene expression levels (eQTLs), selective sweeps and pathological processes. We explore the implication of these evolutionary-driven microRNAs and their single nucleotide variants in human diseases, such as different types of cancer, and discuss their role in population-specific disease risk.
The Concordance between Preoperative Aspiration and Intraoperative Synovial Fluid Culture Results: Intraoperative Synovial Fluid Re-Cultures Are Necessary whether the Preoperative Aspiration Culture is Positive or Not.
Authors: Li Hao , Xu Chi , Hao Libo , Chai Wei , Fu Jun , Chen Jiying 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Aims: Preoperative aspiration culture and intraoperative cultures play pivotal roles in periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) diagnosis and pathogen identification. But the discordance between preoperative aspiration culture and intraoperative synovial fluid culture remains unknown. We aim to determine 1）the discordance between preoperative and intraoperative synovial fluid (SF) culture and. 2) compared to intraoperative synovial fluid cultures, the sensitivity of preoperative aspiration fluid culture. Then the following question is tried to be answered: Are intraoperative synovial fluid re-cultures necessary if the preoperative aspiration culture is positive?Materials and methods:Between 2015 and 2019, 187 PJI patients managed with surgeries were included in this study. Compared to intraoperative synovial fluid culture, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of preoperative aspiration culture were calculated. Then, the discordance between preoperative aspiration culture and intraoperative SF culture was analyzed. Results:The sensitivity of preoperative aspiration culture was 81.29% compared to intraoperative synovial fluid cultures. Concordance was identified in 147 PJI (78.61%) patients and culture discordance occurred in 40 patients (21.39%). In these discordant PJI patients, 24 patients (60%) were polymicrobial and no intraoperative synovial fluid culture growth was found in 16 PJI cases (40%). Preoperative monomicrobial staphylococcus results had a sensitivity of and a specificity of 80.43% and 83.16%, respectively. Preoperative polymicrobial results had the lowest sensitivity.Conclusions: The intraoperative synovial fluid re-cultures are necessary if the preoperative aspiration culture is positive and the discordance between preoperative aspiration culture and intraoperative synovial fluid culture should be noted especially when streptococcus spp. and more than one pathogen was revealed by preoperative aspiration culture.
Neoadjuvant EGFR-TKI Therapy for EGFR-Mutant NSCLC in Traditionally Unresectable Patients
Authors: Chen Ke-Cheng , Kuo Shuenn-Wen , Hsiao Chen-Hao , Chen Jing-Shing 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
IntroductionAdvanced stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients harboring epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations may have benefit from tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). However, the role of multidisciplinary management including neoadjuvant TKI therapy and thoracic surgery is uncertain. This study assessed the possible impact of neoadjuvant TKI therapy and thoracic surgery in selected advanced stage patients.MethodsAdvanced stage of IIIB and IVA NSCLC patients were retrospectively reviewed from 2010 to 2013. Patients with EGFR mutations who received neoadjuvant TKI followed by surgical resection were included. All patients were followed up for 5 years or until death.ResultsThere were total 15 advanced stage lung adenocarcinoma patients in the study. 8 patients were stage IIIB and 7 were stage IVA. All tumor sizes significantly decreased after neoadjuvant TKI therapy (p value = 0.0002). 11 patients received adjuvant TKI therapy after surgical resection and others received adjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Progression-free survival was superior in the group of adjuvant TKI therapy than in the group of adjuvant chemotherapy (median 14 months versus 5.9 months, p value = 0.016). Overall survival (OS) was not different between two groups (p value = 0.755). In the group of adjuvant TKI therapy, median OS in patients harboring exon 19 deletion and exon 21 L858R was 60 months and 44.9 months, respectively (p value = 0.078). ConclusionTKI may decrease the size of EGFR mutation lung adenocarcinoma. A multidisciplinary management including neoadjuvant TKI therapy and thoracic surgery may be discussed in selected advanced stage lung adenocarcinoma.
Impact of Modified Albumin–Bilirubin Grade on Survival in Patients With HCC Who Received Lenvatinib: An Analysis Using Time-Dependent ROC
Authors: Tada Toshifumi , Kumada Takashi , Hiraoka Atsushi , Atsukawa Masanori , Hirooka Masashi , Tsuji Kunihiko , Ishikawa Toru , Takaguchi Koichi , Kariyama Kazuya , Itobayashi Ei , Tajiri Kazuto , Shimada Noritomo , Shibata Hiroshi , Ochi Hironori , Yasuda Satoshi , Toyoda Hidenori , Fukunishi Shinya , Ohama Hideko , Kawata Kazuhito , Tani Joji , Nakamura Shinichiro , Nouso Kazuhiro , Tsutsui Akemi , Nagano Takuya , Takaaki Tanaka , Itokawa Norio , Okubo Tomomi , Arai Taeang , Imai Michitaka , Joko Kouji , Koizumi Yohei , Hiasa Yoichi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We investigated the impact on survival of modified albumin–bilirubin (mALBI) grade vs. Child–Pugh classification in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who received lenvatinib. A total of 524 patients with HCC who received lenvatinib were included. Univariate analysis showed that mALBI grade 2b/3 and Child–Pugh class B/C were significantly associated with survival (hazard ratio [HR], 2.471; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.944–3.141 and HR, 2.178; 95%CI, 1.591–2.982). In patients with a Child–Pugh score of 5, multivariate analysis showed that mALBI grade 2b/3 was independently associated with survival (HR, 1.814; 95%CI, 1.083–3.037). Conversely, among patients with mALBI grade 1/2a, there was no difference in survival between those with a Child–Pugh class of 5 or 6 (p = 0.735). Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that the ALBI score predicted survival better than the Child–Pugh score. The optimal cut-off value of the ALBI score for predicting survival was nearly the same as the value separating mALBI grades 2a and 2b. In conclusion, the mALBI grade was a better predictor of survival than the Child–Pugh classification in patients with unresectable HCC who received lenvatinib therapy.
Gastric Cancer-Induced Neutrophil Extracellular Traps: A Potent Mediator of Cancer Associated Thrombosis
Authors: Li Jiacheng , Zou Xiaoming , Yang Shifeng , Jin Jiaqi , Zhu Lei , Li Changjian , Yang Hao , Zhang Ange , Chen Chongyan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Development of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is associated with high mortalities among gastric cancer (GC) patients. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been reported to correlated to procoagulant and prothrombotic in some diseases. We aimed to clarify that NETs participates in the development of cancer-associated thrombosis in GC.Method: The level of NETs in blood and tissue samples of patients were analyzed by ELISA and flow cytometry. NETs generation in vitro were observed by immunofluorescence (IF). The NETs procoagulant activity (PCA) was performed by fibrin formation and thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT) assays. Hypercoagulation of platelets and endothelial cells (ECs) stimulated by NETs were measured by IF and flow cytometry. Thrombosis in vivo was measured in an established mice model of VTE induced by flow stenosis in the inferior vena cave (IVC).Result: NETs are likely to form in blood and tissue samples of GC patients compared with healthy individuals. In vitro studies that GC cells and their conditioned medium (CM), but not gastric mucosal epithelial cell can stimulate NETs releasing from neutrophils. In addition, NETs induced hypercoagulation of platelets by up-regulating the expression of phosphatidylserine (PS) and P-selectin on the cells. Furhter, NETs stimulate adhesion of normal platelets on glass surfaces. Similarly, NETs trigger the conversion of ECs to hypercoagulable phenotypes by down-regulating the expression of their intercellular tight junctions but up-regulating that of tissue factor (TF). Treatment of normal platelets or ECs with NETs augmented the level of plasma fibrin generation and TAT complex. Meanwhile, in the models of IVC stenosis, tumor-bearing mice demonstrate stronger ability to form thrombi and NETs were abundantly accumulated in the thrombi compared with control mice. Notably, combination of DNase-1, activated protein C (APC) and Sivelestat markedly abolished the PCA of NETs.Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that GC-induced NETs strongly increase the risks of VTE development both in vitro and in vivo. Given that inhibitors of NETs disrupt hypercoagulation, NETs are potential therapeutic target against VTE.
Pipe Internal Grooving Using Closed Magnetic Field System: A Novel Method
Authors: Muhamad Mohd Ridha , Rony Mehedy Hasan , Zubir Mohd Nashrul Mohd , Ibrahim Farah Arina , Halim Mohamed Moustafa Abdel 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The present work proposes an innovative method to form microgrooves on a tube internal surface through a new machining mechanism based on the principle of magnetic force for a greater flexibility and lower mechanical constraint. A newly designed machine equipped with a Magnetic Grooving Tool (MGT) was designed and fabricated for this purpose. The tool that consists of a pair of magnets is positioned in the pipe to be pulled by another pairing magnets set at the pipe external side. These four magnets are arranged in sequence of N-S-N-S direction so that it creates a closed magnetic field circuit which has a greater pulling force. By controlling the magnet pair at the pipe’s external side in the linear and rotational direction, the MGT is moved in both directions and simultaneously pulled towards the pipe surface to form the microgrooves. Experiment has been carried out by adjusting the internal and external magnets size combination and its distance to vary the magnetic strengths. The effect of magnetic pull force on the grooving dimension was examined by using an optical microscope and further analyzed using a 3D optical surface profile analyzer. The method was proven to capable of producing microgrooves on the internal surface of the copper pipe. The maximum groove depth of 75.55 μm was recorded by using the magnet size 10x10x40 mm and distance between magnet and workpiece of 2.5 mm.
Thermal Simulation of the Continuous Pulse Discharge for Electro-spark Deposition Diamond Wire Saw
Authors: Li Chengyun , Ge Peiqi , Bi Wenbo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Due to their excellent physical and mechanical properties, third-generation super-hard semiconductor materials (such as SiC, GaN) are widely used in the field of microelectronics. However, due to its ultra-high hardness, the machining is very difficult, which has become the bottleneck of its development. The electro-spark deposition (ESD) process can deposit electrode materials on the substrate under the condition of low heat input to achieve metallurgical bonding between metal materials. And it can improve the wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and repair the size of the workpiece. It has been widely used in the field of surface modification engineering. It can effectively improve the bonding strength of the abrasive grains, and the sawing ability of the wire saw to make the consolidated diamond wire saw by the ESD process. Due to its thin matrix and poor thermal properties, the saw wire is easy to burning or even breaking in the manufacturing process. At present, the selection of pulse interval time in the ESD process is generally determined by the duty factor. However, the pulse interval time selected according to duty factor is difficult to meet the heat dissipation requirements of electro-spark deposition diamond wire saw (ESDDWS). In this paper, two kinds of motion modes of ESDDWS manufacturing are put forward, according to the manufacturing characteristics of ESDDWS. The boundary conditions of the continuous pulse discharge of ESDDWS are established. The thermal simulations of continuous pulse discharge of ESDDWS under two motion modes are analyzed. According to the simulation results, the basis of the value of pulse interval in the ESDDWS process is put forward. The effect of pulse interval time on the mechanical performance of the wire saw is analyzed experimentally. The results show that the discharge interval time selected base on the simulation results can ensure the continuous production of the ESDDWS.
Laparoscopic Partial Gastrectomy for Large Gastric GISTs
Authors: Abouzid Amr , Setit Ahmed , Fathi Adel , Shetiwy Mosab 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are considered the most common mesenchymal tumors in the gastrointestinal tract and the stomach is the most frequently site affected (50–60%). The safety and feasibility of laparoscopic surgery for gastric GISTs of sizes larger than 5 cm remains unclear. It depends on the surgical skills, tumor location and the learning curve of the surgeons. Methods: Between December 2013 and January 2021, thirty patients diagnosed with gastric GISTs underwent laparoscopic partial gastrectomy. This is a retrospective study done in surgical oncology unit, Oncology Center, Mansoura University, Egypt. Results: The most common tumor location was in the greater curvature in (46.7%). The mean tumor size was 7.2 cm (the largest was 13 cm). All of the patients underwent laparoscopic partial gastrectomy. Splenectomy was done for one patient only. The mean operative time was 152.67 minutes and the estimated blood loss (EBL) was 139.33 ml. The mean hospital stay was 3.53 days. The mean follows up period was 32.4 months. Conclusion: Laparoscopic resection for gastric GISTs has become a feasible method. Patients with large tumors have the same favorable outcomes as small tumors. Large-sized GISTs may receive neoadjuvant therapy to downstage the disease and make it amenable for laparoscopic resection.
Molecular Cloning, Bioinformatics Analysis and Overexpression of the Tyrosine Aminotransferase Gene in Rehmannia Glutinosa
Authors: zhou yanqing , Zhu jialin , Zhang dandan , Guo mengmeng , Li huimin , Duan hongying 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Rehmannia glutinosa is an important medicinal plant producing many bioactive compounds such as catalpol, acteoside and so on. Tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) is the first key enzyme that catalyzes the reversible interconversion of tyrosine and 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate in the tyrosine-derived branch pathway of acteoside biosynthesis. To confirm its role for acteoside accumulation, we isolated a full-length cDNA from Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. Sequence analysis indicated that it contained a 1266 bp open reading frame, encoding a TAT of 421 amino acid residues. Multiple sequence alignment revealed that the homology of RgTAT amino acid sequence to that of Sesamum indicum(XP_011100354.1) was the highest (89.94%). Evolutionary tree showed that Sesamum indicum TAT and RgTAT were grouped together. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis indicated that the expression of RgTAT in leaves was much higher than in roots and stems,and that the expression levels of RgTAT in the tuberous roots, stems and leaves of high-acteoside cultivar BJ-3 were higher than in that of low-acteoside cultivar Wen85-5. A plant expression vector was constructed containing the RgTAT and hygromycin resistance gene (Hyg). Transgenic Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch overexpressing RgTAT was obtained via an Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation system, in which Hyg expression was confirmed by PCR. RgTAT expression in transgenic plantlets measured by real-time quantitative PCR was 7.72 ± 0.17 times greater than its expression in the untransformed plantlets. Moreover, HPLC analysis indicated that enhanced RgTAT expression corresponded to significantly increased acteoside for transgenic plantlets. Our results elucidate the role of RgTAT in the acteoside biosynthesis in Rehmannia glutinosa.