bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE OPEN INNOVATION MODEL IN THE CONDITIONS OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE DIGITAL ECONOMY
Authors: Анастасія Ярмолюк  
Published: June 2021

The author emphasizes that the model of open innovation involves the search for creative innovative ideas, joint research and creation of innovations with partners and the strategic use of intellectualproperty rights. In this way, the potential of invention is used in solving the problems of innovation. The article notes that the model of open innovation involves increasing the return on their own research and development through the alienation of patents or the issuance of licenses for the use of intellectual property rights. However, the authoridentifies an important problem of information leakage, which is the object of intellectual property rights. Therefore, as noted in the article, an innovative enterprise must have control over intellectual property so that competitors do not profit from the use of innovative ideas of others. It is also necessary to form high-quality intellectual property support systems. In the article, the author details the role of intellectual property in promoting innovation within the concept of open innovation. Innovativetechnologies have been successfully commercialized with the strategic use of intellectual property rights. Intellectual property plays a key role in enhancing the competitiveness of innovative enterprises, preserving their innovative advantages and facilitating the process of bringing innovative technologies to market created within the framework of an open innovation model. Intellectual property also significantly helps external partners make informed decisions about the need to assist with technical knowledge and funding to overcome the innovative ideas of the Death Valley from the time of invention to the launch of a new product. So, the author emphasizes that intellectual property plays a significant role in facilitating access to early stage capital suppliers, including seed capital, business angels, venture capitalists, financial institutions that help the invention to enter the market. In the partnership of innovative businesses, patents become a reliable source of additional income for small and medium-sized businesses.
JUDICIAL CORPS FORMATION AS A FACTOR OF INFLUENCE ON THE GENESIS OF UKRAINIAN STATEHOOD IN THE ANCIET RUSSIAN ERA
Authors: Інна Коваленко  
Published: June 2021

In this article the effectiveness of the judiciary in the period of ancient statehood was analyzed. A study of society's perception of the word «court» in the considered period, taking into account the philologicaland legal approach to the mentioned phenomenon. The possibility and peculiarities of the existence of a court as an out state institution, as well as the peculiarities of such an institution of the state are analyzed. Thus, the article examines the pre-state (community), state and church stages of the formation of the judiciary.In particular, the pre-state stage outlines the features of certain categories of disputes, such as criminal or civil matters. In addition, the requirements for persons who had the right to administer justice in the East Slavic tribes were grouped and the following main features were identified: generic, psychological, unconditional. The dependenceof the judiciary formation on religious and political factors has also been established.At the same time, a characteristic feature of the period is the proximity ofthe judiciary to the people. A special focus in this article was given to the period of the emergence of the state. This stage radically changed the views on the effectiveness of the management method, which also influenced the change of views on the administration of justice.However, this period is characterized by the weakening of the judiciary as an independent branch of government, due to the concentration of managerial powers in the hands of the feudal lord, respectively, there was no clear list of requirements for the position of judge. The period under study is characterized by the following features of the procedure for the formation of the judiciary: the administration of justice wasstrictly dependent on the power that belonged to the prince; judging has become a privilege and sometimes a lucrative business; the formation of the judiciary depended significantly on the level of administration of justice, because the community courts for a long time operated in parallel with the princes.In addition, in this article the period after the baptism of Russia by St. Vladimir in 998 was analyzed and investigated. After this event in the territory of modern Ukraine, along with the princely court, the ecclesiastical court began to act at the same time.
EXTRAJUDICIAL REMEDIES FOR THE RIGHT TO A DOMAIN NAME
Authors: Ян Коваленко  
Published: June 2021

Today, each member of the business industry in one way or another presents his company, his product or services he provides on the World Wide Web. The main purpose of the company in the internet is to create and use its own website to provide information about their product and to find a potential buyer, as well as demonstrate their advantages and how they differ from their competitors. The main purpose of registeringa specific «domain name» is to create favorable (convenient) conditions for the buyer who wanted to get acquainted with the company or its range. After all, if a domain name is associatively similar to the name of an individual company, then it will be much easier for the buyer to find the website of such a company than through a search using search engines.Business representatives do not always succeed, especially if the name (trademark, brand) of the company is widely known, or if such a company has become a «victim» of unfair competition. This creates controversy over which parties are interested in resolving as quickly and cheaply as possible.This is greatly facilitated by the work of the World Intellectual Property Organization and a number of documents, among which the leading are «Principles for Dispute Resolution on Identical Domain Names» and «Principles of Uniform Rules for Dispute Resolution on Domain Names» (UDRP), adopted by ICANN. However, their analysis, as well as the analysis of law enforcement practice, allow us to speak not only about the effectiveness, but also about certain shortcomings of the proposed ICANN procedure for resolving disputes over domain names, which entail ambiguous dispute resolution practices.The analysis of the regulation of protection of rights to the domain name is carried out with the prescriptions of the «Principles for the resolution of disputes about the same domain names» and the «Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Rules» (UDRP) adopted by ICANN. An attempt is made to highlight the advantages and disadvantages of an out-of-court procedure for resolving disputes over domain names and suggested possible ways to improve such a system in Ukraine.
Change in Postprandial Level of Remnant Cholesterol After a Daily Breakfast in Chinese Patients With Hypertension
Authors: Xu Jin , Qu Peiliu , Du Xiao , Xiang Qunyan , Guo Liling , Zhu Liyuan , Tan Yangrong , Fu Yan , Wen Tie , Liu Ling 
Published: June 2021

Background: Hypertension (HBP) is usually accompanied by hypertriglyceridemia that represents the increased triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and cholesterol content in remnant lipoproteins [i.e., remnant cholesterol (RC)]. According to the European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS), high RC (HRC) is defined as fasting RC ≥0.8 mmol/L and/or postprandial RC ≥0.9 mmol/L. However, little is known about postprandial change in RC level after a daily meal in Chinese patients with HBP.Methods: One hundred thirty-five subjects, including 90 hypertensive patients (HBP group) and 45 non-HBP controls (CON group), were recruited in this study. Serum levels of blood lipids, including calculated RC, were explored at 0, 2, and 4 h after a daily breakfast. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine the cutoff point of postprandial HRC.Results: Fasting TG and RC levels were significantly higher in the HBP group (P &lt; 0.05), both of which increased significantly after a daily meal in the two groups (P &lt; 0.05). Moreover, postprandial RC level was significantly higher in the HBP group (P &lt; 0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the optimal cutoff point for RC after a daily meal to predict HRC corresponding to fasting RC of 0.8 mmol/L was 0.91 mmol/L, which was very close to that recommended by the EAS, i.e., 0.9 mmol/L. Fasting HRC was found in 31.1% of hypertensive patients but not in the controls. According to the postprandial cutoff point, postprandial HRC was found in approximately half of hypertensive patients and ~1-third of the controls.Conclusion: Postprandial RC level increased significantly after a daily meal, and hypertensive patients had higher percentage of HRC at both fasting and postprandial states. More importantly, the detection of postprandial lipids could be helpful to find HRC.
Comprehensive Data Integration Approach to Assess Immune Responses and Correlates of RTS,S/AS01-Mediated Protection From Malaria Infection in Controlled Human Malaria Infection Trials
Authors: Young William Chad , Carpp Lindsay N. , Chaudhury Sidhartha , Regules Jason A. , Bergmann-Leitner Elke S. , Ockenhouse Christian , Wille-Reece Ulrike , deCamp Allan C. , Hughes Ellis , Mahoney Celia , Pallikkuth Suresh , Pahwa Savita , Dennison S. Moses , Mudrak Sarah V. , Alam S. Munir , Seaton Kelly E. , Spreng Rachel L. , Fallon Jon , Michell Ashlin , Ulloa-Montoya Fernando , Coccia Margherita , Jongert Erik , Alter Galit , Tomaras Georgia D. , Gottardo Raphael 
Published: June 2021

RTS,S/AS01 (GSK) is the world’s first malaria vaccine. However, despite initial efficacy of almost 70% over the first 6 months of follow-up, efficacy waned over time. A deeper understanding of the immune features that contribute to RTS,S/AS01-mediated protection could be beneficial for further vaccine development. In two recent controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) trials of the RTS,S/AS01 vaccine in malaria-naïve adults, MAL068 and MAL071, vaccine efficacy against patent parasitemia ranged from 44% to 87% across studies and arms (each study included a standard RTS,S/AS01 arm with three vaccine doses delivered in four-week-intervals, as well as an alternative arm with a modified version of this regimen). In each trial, RTS,S/AS01 immunogenicity was interrogated using a broad range of immunological assays, assessing cellular and humoral immune parameters as well as gene expression. Here, we used a predictive modeling framework to identify immune biomarkers measured at day-of-challenge that could predict sterile protection against malaria infection. Using cross-validation on MAL068 data (either the standard RTS,S/AS01 arm alone, or across both the standard RTS,S/AS01 arm and the alternative arm), top-performing univariate models identified variables related to Fc effector functions and titer of antibodies that bind to the central repeat region (NANP6) of CSP as the most predictive variables; all NANP6-related variables consistently associated with protection. In cross-study prediction analyses of MAL071 outcomes (the standard RTS,S/AS01 arm), top-performing univariate models again identified variables related to Fc effector functions of NANP6-targeting antibodies as highly predictive. We found little benefit–with this dataset–in terms of improved prediction accuracy in bivariate models vs. univariate models. These findings await validation in children living in malaria-endemic regions, and in vaccinees administered a fourth RTS,S/AS01 dose. Our findings support a “quality as well as quantity” hypothesis for RTS,S/AS01-elicited antibodies against NANP6, implying that malaria vaccine clinical trials should assess both titer and Fc effector functions of anti-NANP6 antibodies.
A Multicenter Survey of Type I Diabetes Mellitus in Chinese Children
Authors: Hou Ling , Li Xiuzhen , Liu Li , Wei Hanyang , Xiong Feng , Du Hongwei , Yang Yu , Zhang Huifeng , Zhang Qin , Yao Hui , Fu Junfen , Yan Xiaoli , Cui Lanwei , Liu Geli , Li Tang , Chen Shaoke , Li Pin , Xin Ying , Liang Xiangrong , Yu Baosheng , Dong Zhiya , Chen Ruimin , Ma Huamei , Cheng Xinran , Luo Feihong , Gong Chunxiu , Song Wenhui , Chen Xiaobo , Zhang Zhixin , Peng Xiangyun , Li Guimei , Liang Liyang , Maimaiti Mireguli , Cheung Pik To , Luo Xiaoping 
Published: June 2021

PurposeTo investigate the features and treatment status of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in China.MethodsWe recruited patients &lt;14 years of age with T1DM from 33 medical centers in 25 major cities of China between January 2012 and March 2015. All patients completed a questionnaire that was conducted by their pediatric endocrinologists at all centers.ResultsA total of 1,603 children (755 males and 848 females) with T1DM participated in this survey. Of these, 834 (52.03%) of the patients exhibited diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at onset, while 769 patients (47.97%) did not exhibit DKA (non-DKA) at onset. There was a higher proportion of females (55.71%) in the cohort of patients exhibiting DKA at onset than in the non-DKA cohort (49.33%). The mean age of patients exhibiting DKA at presentation was 7.12 ± 0.14 years; this was significantly younger than that in non-DKA group (7.79 ± 0.15 years; P &lt; 0.005). The frequency of DKA in 3 years old, 3-7 years old, and 7 years old or more was 77.21%, 26.17%, and 37.62%, respectively. Upon initial diagnosis, 29.4%, 15.2% and 11.8% of patients showed positivity for glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody (GADA), Insulin autoantibodies (IAA), or islet cell antibody (ICA), respectively. During six months follow-up, 244 patients (15.21%) reported receiving insulin pump therapy, and more than 60% of patients monitored their blood glucose levels less than 35 times per week. Although the majority of patients had no problems with obtaining insulin, 4.74% of the children surveyed were not able to receive insulin due to financial reasons, a shortage of insulin preparations, or the failure of the parents or guardians to acquire the appropriate medicine.ConclusionDKA is more common in very young children. Treatment and follow-up of T1DM in China still face very serious challenges.
Surgical Extent of Central Lymph Node Dissection for Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Located in the Isthmus: A Propensity Scoring Matched Study
Authors: Shuai Yanjie , Yue Kai , Duan Yuansheng , Zhou Mengqian , Fang Yan , Liu Jin , Liu Dandan , Jing Chao , Wu Yansheng , Wang Xudong 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionTo assess the risk factor for the central lymph node (CLN) metastasis and investigated the surgery extent of lymph node dissection for patients with isthmic PTC (papillary thyroid carcinoma).Materials and MethodsA total of 669 patients with a single nodule of isthmic PTC were retrospectively reviewed. The propensity score matching was performed twice separately. 176 patients respectively from patients who underwent thyroidectomy plus bilateral central lymph node dissection (BCLND) and who underwent thyroidectomy plus unilateral central lymph node dissection (UCLND) were matched. 77 patients were respectively selected from patients who underwent thyroidectomy plus BCLND and who underwent thyroidectomy with no central lymph node dissection (NCLND) were matched.ResultsAmong all the patients who underwent BCLND, 81/177 (45.76%) was confirmed with histologically positive CLN metastasis, and the occult lymph node metastasis is 25.42%. A tumor size of 1.05 cm was calculated as the cutoff point for predicting CLN metastasis by ROC curve analysis with 177 patients who underwent BCLND. The 5-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) rates were 92.9% in the NCLND group and 100% in the BCLND group with P&lt;0.05, while there was no statistical difference in 5-year RFS between the BCLND group and UCLND group (P=0.11). The multivariate logistic regression analysis identified that age&lt;55, tumor size&gt;1cm, capsule invasion and lymphovascular invasion were significantly associated with CLN metastasis, while only age and lymphovascular invasion were proved to be independent risk factors related to contralateral CLN metastasis.ConclusionsThe thyroidectomy with NCLND could be insufficient for patients with isthmic PTC especially for those patients with high risk of central lymph node metastasis, considering that the rate of occult lymph node metastasis could not be ignored.
Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing Combined With Circulating-Free DNA Deciphers Spatial Heterogeneity of Resected Multifocal Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Lin Jianzhen , Zhao Songhui , Wang Dongxu , Song Yang , Che Yue , Yang Xu , Mao Jinzhu , Xie Fucun , Long Junyu , Bai Yi , Yang Xiaobo , Zhang Lei , Bian Jin , Lu Xin , Sang Xinting , Pan Jie , Wang Kai , Zhao Haitao 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a high risk of recurrence after surgical resection, particularly among patients with multifocal HCC. Genomic heterogeneity contributes to the early recurrence. Few studies focus on targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS) to depict mutational footprints of heterogeneous multifocal HCC.MethodsWe conducted tNGS with an ultra-deep depth on 31 spatially distinct regions from 11 resected multifocal HCC samples. Matched preoperative peripheral circulating-free DNA (cfDNA) were simultaneously collected. Genomic alterations were identified and compared to depict the heterogeneity of multifocal HCC.ResultsWidespread intertumoral heterogeneity of driver mutations was observed in different subfoci of multifocal HCC. The identified somatic mutations were defined as truncal drivers or branchy drivers according to the phylogenetic reconstruction. TP53 and TERT were the most commonly altered truncal drivers in multifocal HCC, while the most frequently mutated branchy driver was TSC2. HCC patients with a higher level of intertumoral heterogeneity, defined by the ratio of truncal drivers less than 50%, had a shorter RFS after surgical resection (HR=0.17, p=0.028). Genome profiling of cfDNA could effectively capture tumor-derived driver mutations, suggesting cfDNA was a non-invasive strategy to gain insights of genomic alterations in patients with resected multifocal HCC.ConclusionsTruncal mutations and the level of genomic heterogeneity could be identified by tNGS panel in patients with resected multifocal HCC. cfDNA could serve as a non-invasive and real-time auxiliary method to decipher the intertumoral heterogeneity and identify oncodrivers of multifocal HCC.
Mucosal Immunization Against Pertussis: Lessons From the Past and Perspectives
Authors: Dubois Violaine , Locht Camille 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundCurrent vaccination strategies against pertussis are sub-optimal. Optimal protection against Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of pertussis, likely requires mucosal immunity. Current pertussis vaccines consist of inactivated whole B. pertussis cells or purified antigens thereof, combined with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids. Although they are highly protective against severe pertussis disease, they fail to elicit mucosal immunity. Compared to natural infection, immune responses following immunization are short-lived and fail to prevent bacterial colonization of the upper respiratory tract. To overcome these shortcomings, efforts have been made for decades, and continue to be made, toward the development of mucosal vaccines against pertussis.ObjectivesIn this review we systematically analyzed published literature on protection conferred by mucosal immunization against pertussis. Immune responses mounted by these vaccines are summarized.MethodThe PubMed Library database was searched for published studies on mucosal pertussis vaccines. Eligibility criteria included mucosal administration and the evaluation of at least one outcome related to efficacy, immunogenicity and safety.ResultsWhile over 349 publications were identified by the search, only 63 studies met the eligibility criteria. All eligible studies are included here. Initial attempts of mucosal whole-cell vaccine administration in humans provided promising results, but were not followed up. More recently, diverse vaccination strategies have been tested, including non-replicating and replicating vaccine candidates given by three different mucosal routes: orally, nasally or rectally. Several adjuvants and particulate formulations were tested to enhance the efficacy of non-replicating vaccines administered mucosally. Most novel vaccine candidates were only tested in animal models, mainly mice. Only one novel mucosal vaccine candidate was tested in baboons and in human trials.ConclusionThree vaccination strategies drew our attention, as they provided protective and durable immunity in the respiratory tract, including the upper respiratory tract: acellular vaccines adjuvanted with lipopeptide LP1569 and c-di-GMP, outer membrane vesicles and the live attenuated BPZE1 vaccine. Among all experimental vaccines, BPZE1 is the only one that has advanced into clinical development.
Mediterranean Coral Provinces as a Sponge Diversity Reservoir: Is There a Mediterranean Cold-Water Coral Sponge Fauna?
Authors: Santín Andreu , Grinyó Jordi , Uriz Maria Jesús , Lo Iacono Claudio , Gili Josep Maria , Puig Pere 
Published: June 2021

Cold-water coral reefs (CWC) are known to be biodiversity hotspots, however, the sponge assemblages found to dwell within these habitats haven not been studied in depth to date in the Mediterranean Sea. The present article provides the first insight on the associated sponge fauna of the recently discovered CWC communities on the Catalan Margin and, to a lesser extent, the Cabliers Coral Mound Province, while also reviewing the current knowledge of the sponge fauna dwelling in all the Mediterranean CWC provinces. In regards to the studied areas, some rare species are cited for the first time in the Mediterranean or redescribed, while two of them, Hamacantha (Hamacantha) hortae sp. nov. and Spongosorites cabliersi sp. nov. are new to science. At a basin scale, Mediterranean CWC appear as poriferan biodiversity hotspots, yet current diversity values on each site rather represent a small fraction of its actual fauna. Additionally, the existence of an endemic sponge fauna exclusively dwelling on CWC is refuted. Nonetheless, the sponge fauna thriving in Mediterranean CWC appears to be unique, and different from that of other Atlantic regions. Finally, with the current knowledge, the sponge fauna from the Mediterranean CWC is grouped in three distinguishable clusters (Alboran Sea, Western and Eastern Mediterranean), which appears to be determined by the basins water circulation, specially the Levantine Intermediate Water and the Atlantic Water following a western-eastern pattern from the Strait of Gibraltar to the Adriatic Sea. Overall, sponge living in Mediterranean CWC are still poorly explored in most areas, yet they appear to be good candidates for biogeographical studies.Zoobank Registration: LSID urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:E58A3DFF-EDC5-44FC-A274-1C9508BF8D15.