bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Child health, human capital, and adult financial behavior
Authors: Luik Marc‐André , Guha Thakurta Amelia , Wesselbaum Dennis 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper provides novel evidence that child health affects adult financial behavior, that is, risky asset market participation. We do so by using a longitudinal dataset with a rich set of covariates and exploit sibling fixed‐effects (FE) to control for invariant unobserved heterogeneity. We begin by proposing a new mechanism working via skill formation and portfolio choice. To be precise, we test two hypotheses. First, we expect a negative correlation between poor child health and risky asset market participation. Second, this correlation should be mostly explained by differences in skills. To test these hypotheses, we use data from the National Longitudinal Study of Youth 1979 (NLSY79). Our results show that poor child health is associated with an 11 pp decrease in adult risky market participation conditional on demographics and family background. Moreover, our results suggest that disruption in pre‐labor market skill formation is a main mediator of this relationship. These results are robust to a wide range of robustness checks. Our findings have implications for the design of health policies and policies intended to increase financial literacy and asset market participation.
Transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach: Experience from a multicenter national group with 412 patients
Authors: Lira Renan Bezerra , De Cicco Rafael , Rangel Leonardo Guimarães , Bertelli Antônio Augusto , Duque Silva Guilherme , de Medeiros Vanderlei Joao Paulo , Kowalski Luiz Paulo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundWell‐established conventional thyroidectomy has satisfactory outcomes; however, robotic and endoscopic thyroid surgery can avoid visible anterior neck scars. Transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOETVA) is the most recent of these techniques.MethodsThis was a retrospective review of 412 patients who underwent TOETVA from 2017 to 2020 in 13 Brazilian centers.ResultsThe study included 359 (87.1%) females and 53 (12.9%) males, with a mean age of 40 years. There were 231 (56.1%) total thyroidectomies. The conversion rate was 0.7%. The transient vocal cord palsy rate was 7.6% (30 patients). Temporary and persistent hypocalcemia rates were 4.0% and 0.8%, respectively. There were two cases of infection (0.5%).DiscussionThis is a large multi‐institute TOETVA study, with one of the largest cohorts published to date that; despite its retrospective nature and selection bias, reached outcomes comparable to previously reported series, this study reinforced safeness, feasibility, and nationwide reproducibility for this technique.
Addressing conflicts of interest of ethical reviewers of health planning, management, policy and systems research proposals
Authors: Manguele Alexandre , Sidat Mohsin , IJsselmuiden Carel , Ferrinho Paulo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSteering health systems towards universal health coverage requires research on themes that are of particular interest to health planning, management, policy and systems researchers. Some issues, such as strikes regarded as illegal and health sector corruption, because of their social and political sensitivity have, for too long, remained outside adequate research inquiry. Their emergence in the research agenda raises some challenges for Human Research Ethics Committees, particularly related to their conflicts of interests as reviewers, that need clarification.
Examining the implementation of the Linda Mama free maternity program in Kenya
Authors: Orangi Stacey , Kairu Angela , Ondera Joanne , Mbuthia Boniface , Koduah Augustina , Oyugi Boniface , Ravishankar Nirmala , Barasa Edwine 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn 2013, Kenya introduced a free maternity policy in all public healthcare facilities. In 2016, the Ministry of Health shifted responsibility for the program, now called Linda Mama, to the National Hospital Insurance Fund (NHIF) and expanded access beyond public sector. This study aimed to examine the implementation of the Linda Mama program.MethodsWe conducted a mixed‐methods cross‐sectional study at the national level and in 20 purposively sampled facilities across five counties in Kenya. We collected data using in‐depth interviews (n = 104), administered patient‐exit questionnaires (n = 108), and carried out document reviews. Qualitative data were analysed using a framework approach while quantitative data were analysed descriptively.ResultsLinda Mama was designed and resulted in improved accountability and expand benefits. In practice however, beneficiaries did not access some services that were part of the revised benefit package. Second, out of pocket payments were still being incurred by beneficiaries. Health facilities in most counties had lost financial autonomy and had no access to reimbursements from NHIF for services provided; but those with financial autonomy were able to boost facility revenue and enhance service delivery. Further, fund disbursements from NHIF were characterised by delays and unpredictability. Implementation experiences reveal that there was inadequate communication, claim processing challenges and reimbursement rates were deemed insufficient.ConclusionsOur findings show that there are challenges associated with the implementation of the Linda Mama program and highlights the need for process evaluations for programs to track implementation, ensure continuous learning, and provide opportunities for course correcting programs' implementation.
Association of metformin use on metabolic acidosis in diabetic patients with chronic hepatitis B‐related cirrhosis and renal impairment
Authors: Yip Terry Cheuk‐Fung , Chan Raymond Ngai Chiu , Wong Vincent Wai‐Sun , Tse Yee‐Kit , Liang Lilian Yan , Hui Vicki Wing‐Ki , Zhang Xinrong , Li Guan‐Lin , Chan Henry Lik‐Yuen , Wong Grace Lai‐Hung 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsMetformin is an oral anti‐hyperglycemic recommended by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) as a preferred initial pharmacologic agent for type 2 diabetes. Metabolic acidosis is a rare yet severe side effect of it. We examined the association of metformin use and dosage on the risk of metabolic acidosis in diabetic patients with different degrees of chronic hepatitis B (CHB)‐related cirrhosis and chronic kidney disease (CKD).MethodsMetabolic acidosis was defined by blood pH ≤7.35, together with lactate >5 mmol/L or arterial bicarbonate ≤18 mmol/L or venous bicarbonate ≤21 mmol/L, and/or diagnosis codes. Child‐Pugh class and CKD stage were included in the model as time‐dependent covariates. Age, gender, comorbidities, and use of relevant medications were adjusted as covariates. Maximum daily dose of metformin was classified into ≤1000 mg and >1000 mg.ResultsWe identified 4431 diabetic patients with CHB‐related cirrhosis between 2000 and 2017 from a territory‐wide database in Hong Kong. The risk of metabolic acidosis increased with Child‐Pugh class B and C cirrhosis regardless of CKD stage (adjusted subdistribution hazard ratio [aSHR] ranged from 3.50 to 86.16). Metformin use was associated with a higher risk in patients with Child‐Pugh class B or C cirrhosis and stage 3A CKD or above (aSHR ranged from 1.55 to 2.46). In stage 4/5 CKD, a daily dose of metformin ≤1000 mg was still associated with a higher risk of metabolic acidosis regardless of the severity of cirrhosis (aSHR ranged from 2.45 to 3.92).ConclusionIn conclusion, patients with Child‐Pugh class B cirrhosis or above were at a higher risk of metabolic acidosis. Metformin further increased the risk in patients with Child‐Pugh class B cirrhosis or above and stage 3A CKD or above. Dose adjustment in stage 4/5 CKD did not reduce the risk of metabolic acidosis.
Comparison of platelet‐rich fibrin with zinc oxide eugenol in the relief of pain in alveolar osteitis
Authors: Reeshma Satheesh , Dain Chacko Pearl 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground and aimsAlveolar osteitis (AO) is the most common painful post‐operative complication after tooth extraction. The common modalities used in the management of AO are lavage, placement of medicated dressings, analgesics, and antibiotics. The present study was undertaken to compare platelet‐rich fibrin (PRF) and zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE) for pain relief in AO.MethodsAll cases meeting the eligibility criteria received two different treatment modalities over a span of 18 months. At the analysis stage, the final sample size comprised 70 patients, with 35 patients appropriated in each group. Group A patients received ZOE and Group B received PRF. Pain scores were measured on “1st, 3rd, 5th, and 7th” days based on a visual analogue scale (VAS) and compared in both groups of patients. The collected data were analyzed using the chi‐square test, t test, and Mann‐Whitney U test.ResultsIn patients treated with ZOE dressing, the average VAS scores observed were 7.4 ± 1.5, 5.1 ± 1.1, 3.4 ± 0.9, and 2.1 ± 0.7, respectively, on the “1st, 3rd, 5th, and 7th” follow‐up days. In patients treated with PRF, the average VAS score observed were 4.1 ± 1.2, 2.6 ± 0.9, 1.7 ± 0.9, and 0.8 ± 0.8 respectively.ConclusionBoth ZOE and PRF were effective in pain control during the follow‐up period. However, the pain intensity measured as a pain score using VAS was, lower in the PRF group than in the ZOE group on all follow‐up days.
He Tapu Te Whare Tangata (sacred house of humanity): Under‐screened Māori women talk about HPV self‐testing cervical screening clinical pathways
Authors: Adcock Anna , Stevenson Kendall , Cram Fiona , MacDonald Evelyn Jane , Geller Stacie , Hermens Jordanna , Lawton Beverley 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo develop an in‐depth understanding of HPV self‐testing cervical screening clinical pathways for never‐/under‐screened Māori women.MethodsBased on a community‐based cluster randomized controlled trial in Aotearoa (New Zealand), a Kaupapa Māori (by Māori, for Māori) qualitative study enrolled Māori women who met the eligibility criteria of the HPV trial intervention (aged 25–69 years, no screen in >4 years). In total, 28 were recruited (22 had a negative test, six had a positive test and colposcopy). They were asked about their clinical pathway.ResultsThe HPV self‐test was seen as empowering and promoting bodily autonomy, although some women expressed fears or misconceptions about this new technology. While those with a negative test were relieved, for the six women who had a positive test, there were many fears, compounded by seeking out information on the Internet. When attending colposcopy, the importance of support and responsive care was emphasized.ConclusionHPV self‐testing has the potential to improve access to cervical screening and reduce inequities for Māori. Care must be taken in the delivery of screening and colposcopy results. Primary care and colposcopy services need to take special care with never‐/under‐screened Māori women to provide sensitive, responsive care, and mitigate trauma.
Acanthoscurria gomesiana spider‐derived synthetic mygalin in the dorsal raphe nucleus modulates acute and chronic pain
Authors: Medeiros Ana C. , Medeiros Priscila , de Freitas Renato L. , da Silva Júnior Pedro Ismael , Coimbra Norberto C. , dos Santos Wagner F. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMygalin, a diacylspermidine that is naturally found in the hemolymph of the spider Acanthoscurria gomesiana, is of interest for development as a potential analgesic. Previous studies have shown that acylpolyamines modulate glutamatergic receptors with the potential to alter pain pathways. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of mygalin on acute and chronic pain in rodents. For evaluation of acute pain, Wistar rats were subjected to tail‐flick and hot‐plate nociceptive tests. For the evaluation of chronic neuropathic pain, a partial ligation of the sciatic nerve was performed and, 21 days later, animals were examined in hot‐plate, tail‐flick, acetone, and von Frey tests. Either Mygalin or vehicle was microinjected in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) before the tests. Another group was pretreated with selective antagonists of glutamate receptors (LY 235959, MK‐801, CNQX, and NBQX). Mygalin decreases nociceptive thresholds on both acute and chronic neuropathic pain models in all the tests performed. The lowest dose of mygalin yielded the most effective nociception, showing an increase of 63% of the nociceptive threshold of animals with neuropathic chronic pain. In conclusion, mygalin microinjection in the DRN results in antinociceptive effect in models of neuropathic pain, suggesting that acylpolyamines and their derivatives, such as this diacylspermidine, could be pursued for the treatment of neuropathic pain and development of selective analgesics.
MiRNA‐Wnt signaling regulatory network in colorectal cancer
Authors: Jafarzadeh Meisam , Soltani Bahram M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the common malignancies worldwide and the Wnt signaling pathway is recognized as the main disrupted pathway in this malignancy. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are recognized to contribute to the pathogenesis of CRC by triggering or impeding the Wnt signaling pathway. In addition, transcriptional regulation of miRNAs by canonical Wnt signaling also participates in CRC cell progression. In this review, we present comprehensive literature of the existing data on the interaction of miRNAs and Wnt signaling that could be useful in future studies in the field of CRC management.
An improved Poisson‐Nernst‐Planck ion channel model and numerical studies on effects of boundary conditions, membrane charges, and bulk concentrations
Authors: Chao Zhen , Xie Dexuan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this paper, an improved Poisson‐Nernst‐Planck ion channel (PNPic) model is presented, along with its effective finite element solver and software package for an ion channel protein in a solution of multiple ionic species. Numerical studies are then done on the effects of boundary value conditions, membrane charges, and bulk concentrations on electrostatics and ionic concentrations for an ion channel protein, a gramicidin A (gA), and five different ionic solvents with up to four species. Numerical results indicate that the cation selectivity property of gA occurs within a central portion of ion channel pore, insensitively to any change of boundary value condition, membrane charge, or bulk concentration. Moreover, a numerical scheme for computing the electric currents induced by ion transports across membrane via an ion channel pore is presented and implemented as a part of the PNPic finite element package. It is then applied to the calculation of current–voltage curves, well validating the PNPic model and finite element package by electric current experimental data.
Quantifying the Pharmacodynamics of Morphine in the Treatment of Postoperative Pain in Preverbal Children
Authors: Goulooze Sebastiaan C. , de Kluis Tirsa , van Dijk Monique , Ceelie Ilse , de Wildt Saskia N. , Tibboel Dick , Krekels Elke H.J. , Knibbe Catherijne A.J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWhile the pharmacokinetics of morphine in children have been studied extensively, little is known about the pharmacodynamics of morphine in this population. Here, we quantified the concentration‐effect relationship of morphine for postoperative pain in preverbal children between 0 and 3 years of age. For this, we applied item response theory modeling in the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis of COMFORT‐Behavior (COMFORT‐B) scale data from 2 previous clinical studies. In the model, we identified a sigmoid maximal efficacy model for the effect of morphine and found that in 26% of children, increasing morphine concentrations were not associated with lower pain scores (nonresponders to morphine up‐titration). In responders to morphine up‐titration, the COMFORT‐B score slowly decreases with increasing morphine concentrations at morphine concentrations >20 ng/mL. In nonresponding children, no decrease in COMFORT‐B score is expected. In general, lower baseline COMFORT‐B scores (2.1 points on average) in younger children (postnatal age <10.3 days) were found. Based on the model, we conclude that the percentage of children at a desirable COMFORT‐B score is maximized at a morphine concentration between 5 and 30 ng/mL for children aged <10 days, and between 5 and 40 ng/mL for children >10 days. These findings support a dosing regimen previously suggested by Krekels et al, which would put >95% of patients within this morphine target concentration range at steady state. Our modeling approach provides a promising platform for pharmacodynamic research of analgesics and sedatives in children.
Teaching pediatric behavior management in student dentists with constructive video feedback from faculty
Authors: Hu Shijia , Mok Betty Yuen Yue , Tok Wee Wah , Wong Mun Loke , Hong Catherine Hsu Ling 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPurposeThe range of child behaviors encountered in real‐life situations far exceeds that of any classroom‐based simulated scenarios. For such reasons, clinical training with real‐time clinical supervisor's feedback is optimal for learner‐centricity. This study aimed to objectively evaluate the effect of video feedback on the student dentist's ability to manage behaviors in children.MethodsThird‐year dental student volunteers were randomly allocated to two groups: control and intervention. They were video recorded for three pediatric dental treatment sessions and received standard feedback for all sessions. Additionally, the intervention group received two constructive 1‐on‐1 feedback sessions after the first and second video sessions. Students’ application of behavior management techniques for all recorded treatment sessions was scored with a study‐specific objective scale (maximum score: 20; larger score indicating better performance) by two independent and blinded evaluators. A self‐administered student questionnaire elicited subjective feedback on the intervention.ResultsThere was a significant difference (p = 0.008) between behavior management scores when comparing all pre‐intervention sessions (10.74 ± 3.55) and all post‐intervention sessions (13.57 ± 2.96). The intervention significantly improved these techniques: 1. Providing specific feedback – positive reinforcement and descriptive praise (p = 0.006) and 2. Distraction – Using imagination with stories and singing (p = 0.035). The feedback sessions (4.29 ± 0.54) were perceived to be significantly (p = 0.032) more effective than having the students view the videos on their own (3.76 ± 0.87).ConclusionVideo feedback improved the behavior management scores of student dentists. The faculty feedback sessions were found by student dentists to improve confidence and the techniques for managing children.
Colossoma macropomum—A tropical fish model for biology and aquaculture
Authors: Val Adalberto L. , de Oliveira Alzira M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTambaqui, a species native to the Amazon and Orinoco Basins and their tributaries, has a history marked by biological resilience that makes this species a model for studies focused on ecology, physiology, and fish farming. In addition, it is of economic interest, due to its favorable characteristics for production in farms and its unique flavor. As the tambaqui responds in a unique way to several environmental disturbances of natural origin, the species is often used in environmental studies. Some of these studies have been revisited in this review. We revised aspects related to its natural history, habitats and geographic distribution, physiological and biochemical adaptations, and zootechnical performance. The extraordinary adaptation of the tambaqui is the fast expansion of its lower lip when exposed to low oxygen availability that is improved simultaneously with other adjustments. The resilience of this species to significant alterations in water pH is also surprising, and is incomparable with that of other species, as only when it is exposed to pH 3.5, does the tambaqui begin to present physiological‐biochemical disturbances. The analysis of the gene expression of tambaqui specimens under different experimental conditions has shed light on the adaptive mechanisms used by this unique Amazonian species. In this sense, this review sought to gather information regarding the tambaqui, and its many biological features employed to survive environmental challenges.
New practical scoring system to predict post‐endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis: Development and validation
Authors: Fujita Koichi , Yazumi Shujiro , Uza Norimitsu , Kurita Akira , Asada Masanori , Kodama Yuzo , Goto Masashi , Katayama Toshiro , Anami Takahiro , Watanabe Akihiko , Sugahara Atsushi , Mukai Hidekazu , Kawamura Takashi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground and AimPost‐endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis (PEP) is the most serious adverse event of ERCP. Therefore, it is important to identify high‐risk patients who require prophylactic measures. The aim of this study was to develop a practical prediction model for PEP that identifies high‐risk patients.MethodsPatients who underwent ERCP at three tertiary hospitals between April 2010 and September 2012 were enrolled. The dataset was divided into a training set (two centers) and validation set (one center). Using the training set, univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to identify predictive factors for PEP. We constructed a scoring system and evaluated reproducibility using the validation set.ResultsA total of 2719 ERCPs were analyzed. PEP developed in 133 cases (4.9%). Risk factors (adjusted odds ratios [OR]) in the training set were a history of PEP (OR: 4.2), intact papilla (OR: 2.4), difficult cannulation (OR: 1.9), pancreatic guidewire‐assisted biliary cannulation (OR: 2.2), pancreatic injection (OR: 2.1), pancreatic intraductal ultrasonography (IDUS)/sampling from the pancreatic duct (OR: 2.2), and biliary IDUS/sampling from the biliary tract (OR: 2.8). A scoring system was constructed using these seven clinical variables. The areas under the receiver‐operating characteristic curve of this model were 0.799 in the training set and 0.791 in the validation set. In the high‐risk group at a score of 3 or higher, the incidence of PEP was 13.4%, and all severe/fatal cases were in the high‐risk group.ConclusionsThis scoring system helps to predict each patient's risk and select preventive measures.
Biases in low‐information environments: Understanding for‐profit and non‐profit salary differentials in Haiti
Authors: DeMattee Anthony J. , Rutherford Alasdair C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe Global South contains low‐information environments that impose information search costs on organisations. We compare explanations for how employers make decisions in these environments. To do so, we analyse salaries collected from employers in Haiti, including local and international non‐profits and domestic and foreign businesses. Although preliminary findings suggest that international non‐governmental organisations pay above‐market salaries, accounting for alternative explanations from behavioural economics causes the organisational form's importance to dissipate. We find that anchoring and framing mechanisms separately influence decision‐making. These findings direct us to focus more on the actions and tools managers use to make decisions in low‐information environments.