bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of growth hormone (GH|MspI,GHR|AluI, Pit1|HinfI) genes polymorphism and its association with body weight of Grati-Bali Cattle (Bos sondaicus)
Authors: Hartati  , Luthfi M , Ratnawati D , Soewandi B D P 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Bali cattle is the only native Indonesian cattle that still exist and well developed. Bali cattle are known to have adaptability and a higher percentage of carcasses than other local cattle. Molecular selection related to growth traits can be done by exploration of growth hormone genes in the population of Bali cattle. This study aims to detect the level of polymorphism of GH, GHR and Pit1 genes and their association with the body weight of Grati-Bali cattle as a first step to produce a MAS (marker assisted selection). A total of 171 DNA samples Grati-Bali cattle were collected from the Beef Cattle Research Station experiment cages and its body weight data of 2014-2018 include birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW) and yearling weight (YW). Blood samples were isolated using a zymo extraction kit. Detection of the diversity of growth hormone genes (GH, GHR and Pit1) using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method with MspI, AluI, HinfI restriction enzymes. Data analysis used Chi-Square test for genotype, allele frequencies and Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE). Association analysis used the GLM model. The results showed that the average BW, WW and YW of Grati- Bali cattle in the study were 13.3±0.3 kg, 73.7±2.4 kg and 121.3±4.2 kg, respectively and there was no statistical difference in body weight for male and female calves. The analysis showed that GH and Pit1 genes were detected by 1 genotypes respectively, each with an allele frequency > 99% and monomorphic. GHR gene was detected 3 genotypes namely AA, AG, GG, with allele frequencies A were 0.579 and G were 0.421. The GHR gene PIC value was in the moderate category. It was concluded that the GHR|AluI gene in Bali cattle is polymorphic but has not been significantly associated with the body weight of Grati-Bali cattle.
Cytochrome B (Cyt B) mtDNA genetic diversity of the second filial (F2) of Banteng Bali cross in UPT-PTHPT Pucak, South Sulawesi Indonesia
Authors: Rahim L , Bugiwati S R A , Adhianto A E , Dagong M I A , Saking N , Pasino S , Arifin M 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Bali cattle are native to Indonesia and are the result of domestication from Banteng, (Bos banteng). The cytochrome B gene is widely used in systematic studies to solve differences at many taxonomic levels and has been considered as one of the genes used in phylogenetic action. Cytochrome B is also very useful for comparing species in the same genus or the same family. Genetic characterization tests were carried out to identify the characteristics of mtDNA specific identifiers of Bali cattle with Banteng Bali cross (F2). The edited nucleotide sequences are then aligned using the Clustal W program contained in the MEGA 6 software. Construction of the phylogeny tree is carried out using the MEGA 6 program based on p-distance values. Phylogeny tree construction uses bootstrap UPGMA method with 1000 replication. Based on genetic distance analysis, it shows that Bali cattle and Banteng Bali cross (F2) with Bos javanicus have a genetic distance that is relatively the same as the genetic distance value (0.000–0.001) but has a great genetic distance with the Bos taurus, Bos indicus and Bubalus bubalis with genetic distance values ( 0.050–0.094). This shows that in cytochrome B, Bali cattle and Banteng Bali cross F2 have identical genetic distances. Based on the UPGMA tree phylogeny method, the results show that the kinship group 1 (Bali cattle (CBB3 and CBB7), Banteng Bali cross (F2) (CBC1, CBC7, CBC8, and CBC9) with Bos javanicus) and group 2 (Bali cattle (CBB2, CBB4, CBB8, CBB9) and Banteng Bali cross (F2) CBC10) are in the same branch showing that the results are relatively similar and have a close kinship. It can be concluded that the characteristics of mtDNA cytochrome B in Bali cattle and Banteng Bali cross F2 were relatively the same and both have a very close relationship.
Identification and association of polymorphism in THOC5 gene with fatty acid composition in Indonesian sheep
Authors: Listyarini K , Sumantri C , Rahayu S , Uddin M J , Gunawan A 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTHO Complex 5 (THOC5) gene involves in lipid and fatty acid metabolism. The aim of this study was to analyse polymorphism of THOC5 gene and its association with fatty acid composition in sheep. A total of 120 rams at the age 12 month with the average body weight of 25–30 kg was used for identification of gene polymorphism using Polymerase Chain Reaction- Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). 83 rams, representative from different genotypes of sheep were used for association study using a General Linear Model (GLM). The results identifed polymorphism in the THOC5 gene. The THOC5 gene showed two genotypes: CC and CT genotype. Association analysis revealed that THOC5 (g.68234589 C>T) was significantly (P<0.05) associated with fatty acid composition including unsaturated fatty acid: palmitoleic acid (C16:1), and saturated fatty acid: stearic acid (C18:0). The CC genotype was associated with higher level of unsaturated fatty acid and lower level of saturated fatty acid, while the CT genotype was vice versa. This result indicates that THOC5 gene (g.68234589 C>T) may contribute to fatty acid composition in sheep, as well as this polymorphism could be used as a candidate to select sheepmeat with high unsaturated fatty acid and low saturated fatty acid.
Characteristics of cattle production around teak forest in Bojonegoro, East Java
Authors: Komarudin  , Romjali E , Hadiatry MC , Nugroho E 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
East Java has a large number of cattle and also a wide area of teak forest. It is believed that the existence of teak forest influences cattle production by smallholders. The objective of the study was to get insight into characteristics of cattle production which are kept by smallholders who living near to teak forests. We interviewed 33 and 27 respondents in Napis and Windu hamlets, Bojonegoro Regency, East Java. The cattle production system was still traditional in the study area. The average herd size was 2.07±0.9 head per household with breeding as the most production type (80%). Peranakan Ongole (PO) cattle were the common cattle breed kept by respondents (90%) with about 86.7% of cattle were their ownership. Cut and carry system was the common feeding practice. Forest land is the major source of fodder. The teak forest also provided land for crop production for respondents. Artificial insemination was started used by cattle smallholders to mate their cattle since rarely bull kept by farmers. Saving was the common motivation of smallholders to keep cattle. Government programs to improve cattle reproduction performance are strongly needed.
Effects of saponin on enteric methane emission and nutrient digestibility of ruminants: An in vivo meta-analysis
Authors: Ridla M , Laconi E B , Nahrowi  , Jayanegara A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Although saponin originated from plants has been used to control methanogenesis performed by archaea methanogens in the rumen, its effect has been inconsistent. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary saponin on enteric methane emission and nutrient digestibility of ruminants across various studies by employing a meta-analysis method. A database was developed by integrating data from 17 studies that originated from 11 articles. Different ruminant species, i.e., both small and large ruminants were included in the database. Data on related in vitro studies were excluded. Papers should be based on in vivo studies only that simultaneously reported dietary saponin and methane emission. Treatments were divided into control (no saponin), low saponin (saponin level less than 0.5% DM) and high saponin (saponin level above 0.5% DM). The treatments were considered as fixed effects whereas various studies were considered as random effects in the statistical mixed model methodology. Results showed that dietary saponin decreased enteric methane emission of ruminants as compared to control (P<0.05), and this was true for both low and high levels of saponin. Interestingly, low level of dietary saponin increased dry matter digestibility, organic matter digestibility, neutral detergent fiber digestibility and acid detergent fiber digestibility in comparison to control (P<0.05). However, saponin at high administration level reduced these nutrient digestibility than that of control (P<0.05). In conclusion, saponin is effective to mitigate enteric methane emission from ruminants in vivo and enhances nutrient digestibility provided that the level use should not exceed 0.5% DM.
Effectiveness of using local ingredients ration to increase KUB chicken productivity in the grower period
Authors: Prasetyo A , Prabowo A , Sudrajad P , Hayati R N 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This study aims to determine the effect of feeding local ingredients to 315 Kampung Unggul Balitbangtan (KUB) chickens, to determine whether this method can increase feed efficiency and productivity. The study used an experimental method using a randomized block design (RBD) consisting of 3 treatments and 7 replications (breeders). Each breeder was assigned 45 chickens, which were maintained until the age of 10 weeks. The treatments tested were P1 = specific feed of breeder (breeder pattern); P2 = feed containing bran (23%), corn (10%), fish meal (11.5%), oil palm cake (24%), BR-1 concentrate (30%), moringa leaf powder (1%) and mineral mix (0.5%); P3 = feed containing bran (25%) and BR-1 concentrate (75%). The observed parameters were feed consumption, final weight, feed conversion ratio (FCR), feed efficiency and Income Over Feed Cost (IOFC). Statistical analysis was carried out on the results using an ANOVA test. When a significant difference was found, it was followed up by a TTukey test with a significant degree a = 0.05, which aimed to find out the difference in the mean between the treatment groups. The results showed that there was a significant difference in the weight gain of KUB chickens overtime during the 10 week study period. This was significantly affected (P<0.05) by feed treatment. The Feed Conversion Ratio was also significantly affected (P<0.05) by the feed treatment. Furthermore, there was significance in IOFC between feed treatments, P3 IOFC (IDR 31,261), P2 (IDR 27,068) and P1 (IDR 25,877). Lastly, there was no significance in FCR between treatments of P1 and P2, whereas there was significance between P3 when compared to P1 and P2.
Fermented palm kernel meal by different fungi in broiler diets
Authors: Sundu B , Adjis A , Sarjuni S , Mozin S , Hatta U 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The low quality of palm kernel meal (PKM) is due to the presence of high fibrous fraction. Fermentation of a low-quality feedstuff by using fungi could improve its quality. An experiment was done to determine the effect of fungi fermented palm kernel meal on the performance of broilers. Palm kernel meal was fermented by different fungi (Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma viride and Pleorotus ostreatus). The study used 200-day-old chicks and the chicks were randomly placed in brooder cages. The broilers were fed with starter and grower diets from days 1 to 21 and days 21 to 42 respectively. Feed and water were provided ad-libitum. The treatments diets were R1: basal diet (0% PKM), R2: (10% PKM), R3: 10% Aspergillus niger fermented PKM, R4: 10% Pleorotus ostreatus fermented PKM, R5: 10% Trichoderma viride fermented PKM, R6: 20% PKM, R7: 20% Aspergillus niger fermented PKM, R8: 20% Pleorotus ostreatus fermented PKM, R9: 20% Trichoderma viride fermented PKM. A completely randomized design was used in this study. Data were analyzed by the analysis of variance. The inclusion of 20% PKM in the diet decreased body weight gain and feed intake. Supplementation of the diets with 20% fungi fermented PKM could maintain body weight gain to the same level of those birds fed the basal diets. The percentage of gizzard weight was higher in birds fed the basal diet than the other treatment birds. In conclusion, fermentation of PKM with Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma viride and Pleorotus ostreatus could improve its quality. The performance of broilers fed the 20% PKM could be maintained provided.
Bauhinia purpurea L. leaves meal as goat feed
Authors: Tasse A M , Kurniawan W 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Legume tree forages are generally a source of better feed quality, as a supplement to increase the productivity of ruminant that fed low-quality feed, especially during the dry season. Butterfly leaves (Bauhinia purpurea L.) is a leguminous tree with potential as a fodder source in the dry season because its leaves contain more crude protein than white kabesak Acacia leucophoela Roxb. Legume trees may complement a grass-based diet by providing protein during the dry season. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of Bauhinia purpurea L. leaves meal in complete feed on daily dry matter intake, dry matter digestibility, and average daily body weight gain of goats. The experiment design was a completely randomized block design with 4-four treatments and 4-four groups, using 16 local male goats aged 1–1.5 years and weighed 12.5±0.8 kg. Treatments consisted of four complete feeds containing different levels of Bauhinia purpurea leaves meal (0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%, respectively) in concentrate. Feeds were set up to 9.90±0.5% CP and 69.76±0.5% TDN. Analysis of data utilizes an analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan Multiple Range Test. The results showed that 5– 10% Bauhinia purpurea L. leaves meal in concentrate has no significant effect on daily dry matter intake but significantly decreased dry matter digestibility and increased average daily body weight gain. It can be concluded that Bauhinia purpurea L. leaves meal has the potential to be goat feed.
Effect of a mix essential oil of Pinus merkusii (Jungh. and de Vriese) and Melaleuca leucadendra (L.) on ruminal nutrient digestibility
Authors: Cholisa I N , Kurniawati A , Muhlisin  
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This research was aimed to observe the effect of mix essential oil at different doses on nutrient digestibility in the in vitro rumen fermentation. Mix essential oil consisted of pine (Pinus merkusii (Jungh. and de Vriese)) and eucalyptus (Melaleuca leucadendra (L)) essential oil in ratio of 1:1. The doses of mix essential oils added were 0, 100 and 200 μL/L of fermentation media. Feed material included elephant grass, rice bran and pollard in ratio of 60:20:20 dry matter were used as fermentation substrate. Fermentation was conducted at 39°C for 24h. Data collected included dry matter (DMD), organic matter (OMD), crude protein (CPD) and crude fibre digestibility (CFD). Results showed that the addition of mix essential oil at the level of 100 μL/L increased DMD (P<0.05), without an effect on OMD, CPD, and CFD. Furthermore, the addition of mix essential oil at the level of 200 μL/L reduced OMD and CPD (P<0.05) and did not affect DMD and CFD. In conclusion, combination of pine (Pinus merkusii (Jungh. and de Vriese)) and eucalyptus (Melaleuca leucadendra (L)) essential oil in ratio of 1:1 improve the effect of both essential oils particularly at doses 100 μL/L hence this mix essential oil potential to be used as feed additive.
The feed consumption of Deer (Axis axis) fed three difference type of feedstuffs
Authors: Ismartoyo  , Asriany A , Syahriany  , Islamiyati R , Fitrawati  
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Spotted deer (Axis axis) is one of the animals that are currently being developed as source of animal protein for people in Indonesia. A spotted deer breeding center can be successfully developed by providing feed with a good quality and having enough nutrient. The main purpose of this study was to determine the feed organic matter consumption of a group of 36 deer fed carrot, feed concentrate, and elephant grass. Feeding of the three feedstuffs was carried out for three weeks with different feedstuffs each week. In the first week of experiment, a group of 36 deer was given carrot (Diet-1), the second week the deer was given feed concentrate (Diet-2), and the third week the deer was given elephant grass (Diet-3). Water was freely available to the deer every day. The consumption of feed organic matter and the feed palatability were measured 5 days each week, then the deer was given 2 days’ adaption period for new feed. Data of organic matter consumption of feed the analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance (Anova). The results showed that the organic matter feed consumption was significantly difference (p<0.05) between those of the three difference feedstuffs. Those 21 deer consumed organic matter of carrot 12kg/day, feed concentrate 13kg/day, and elephant grass 4kg/day, respectively. A similar trial was conducted to a group of 9 deer, and the results of this trial just confirmed the results of the previous experiment. It was concluded that the different of organic matter consumption of the three feedstuffs may be due to difference of the palatability of the feedstuffs.
The relative weight of internal organs and digestive tract in native chickens age 12 weeks that are given various levels of BSF larvae meal (Hermetia illucens L) in the ration
Authors: Auza F A , Purwanti S , Syamsu J A , Natsir A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The feed consumed is one factor that influences the development and anatomy of the internal organs and the digestive tract. This study was conducted to determine the effect of BSF larvae meal on the ratio of internal organ weight in native chickens. According to a completely randomized design, one hundred and forty one-day-old chicken (DOC) were randomly assigned to one of five treatments with four replications for each treatment. The treatment were: P0 = basal ration + 15% fish meal + 0% BSF larvae meal, P1 = basal ration + 11.25% fish meal + 3.75% BSF larvae meal , P2 = basal ration + fish meal 7.5 % + 7.5% BSF larvae meal , P3 = basal ration + 3.75% fish meal + 11.25% BSF larvae meal , P4 = basal ration + 0% fish meal + 15% BSF larvae meal . The results showed that P3 (3.75% fish meal + 11.25% BSF larvae) had a significant effect (P<0.05) on the percentage of heart weight and the percentage of the small intestine weight. Also, the treatment tends to increase the percentage of caecum weight. However, the treatment did not affect the liver, gizzard, pancreas, spleen, and colon weight. In conclusion, the use of BSF larvae meal does not negatively affect the internal organs and digestive tract of native chickens.
The effect of Curcuma zedoaria on feed efficiency of Kampung Super chicken
Authors: Widodo W , Rahayu I D , Sutanto A , Anggraini A D , Handayani T 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The purpose was to analyze the effect of curcuma zedoaria on feed efficiency of Kampung Super chicken and to explore the best level of curcuma zedoaria addition in the feed. This research was conducted for 57 days in UMM closed house with battery cage system. The material was 100 day old chick (DOC) of Kampung Super chicken. Experimental method was used in this research by completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments were (TO) feed control without Curcuma zedoaria, (T1): feed with 1% Curcuma zedoaria (T2): feed with 2% Curcuma zedoaria (T3): feed with 3% Curcuma zedoaria. Variables observed were feed efficiency, income over feed cost (IOFC), carcass and abdominal fat percentage. The data were analyzed by ANOVA. Conclusions from the results of the research were that Curcuma zedoaria had no significant effect on feed efficiency and percentage of carcass weight, but Curcuma zedoaria had a significant effect on IOFC and the percentage of abdominal fat weight in the Kampung Super chicken. The highest treatment was Curcuma zedoaria 0% for IOFC while treatment of Curcuma zedoaria 1% produces the lowest percentage of abdominal fat weight.
The effect of fish meal protein substitution with Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larva meal protein in quail feed on the chemical quality of eggs
Authors: Suparman  , Purwanti S , Nahariah N 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of fish meal protein substitution with BSF larvae meal protein on the chemical quality of quail eggs. This study used 120 female quails aged 6 weeks and maintained for 7 weeks. This research method uses an experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD). In this study using BSF larvae meal consisting of 4 different treatments with 5 replications in the treatment. namely P0: rations without the addition of BSF larvae meal; P1: 3.18% BSF larvae meal (1.70% crude protein BSF larvae meal); P2: 6.37% BSF larvae meal (3.41% crude protein BSF larvae meal); P3: 9.56% BSF larvae meal (5.12% crude protein BSF larvae meal). The variable observed was the chemical quality of quail eggs. The results of the study showed that the treatment was significantly different (P<0.05) on egg fat and cholesterol levels. However, the treatment was not significantly different (P>0.05) on egg protein content. Substitution of fish meal protein with BSF larvae protein meal at a level of 6.37% can reduce the percentage of total egg cholesterol content.
Length and weight of small intestine and digestion rate of quail, with the addition of beluntas leaf flour (Pluchea indica L.) to the ration
Authors: Nirwana  , Mujnisa A , Jamilah  
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Beluntas (Pluchea indica L) contains several active alkaloid compounds, essential oils and flavonoids. The flavonoid content in Beluntas leaves can improve the digestive tract so that it can function optimally. This study aims to determine the effect of adding Beluntas leaf meal to the rations on the length of the small intestine, the weight of the small intestine and the rate of quail digestion. The study used a completely randomized design which consisted of 4 treatments, and 4 replications. The treatment consisted of P0 (rations without Beluntas leaf flour as control), P1 (rations + Beluntas leaf flour 1%), P2 (rations + Beluntas leaf flour 2%), and P3 (rations + Beluntas leaf flour 3%). The results showed that the treatment had a significant effect (P <0.05) on the length of the duodenum and ileum, jejunum and ileum weight digest, as well as the digest rate but there, was no significant effect (P>0.05) on the length of the jejunum and duodenal weight. Based on the results it can be concluded that the addition of beluntas leaf flour with level 2% improved duodenum and ileum, the weight of jejunum and ileum and made longer digest rate compared to other treatments.