bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microalbuminuria on admission for acute exacerbation of COPD as a predictor of all-cause mortality and future exacerbations
Authors: Bartziokas Konstantinos , Kyriakopoulos Christos , Dounousi Evangelia , Kostikas Konstantinos 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Microalbuminuria (MAB) is a sensitive biomarker of cardiovascular risk that is directly associated with cardiovascular events and mortality. Recent studies have evaluated the presence of MAB in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or hospitalised for acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD).

Methods
We evaluated 320 patients admitted for AECOPD in respiratory medicine departments of two tertiary hospitals. On admission, demographic, clinical and laboratory values and COPD severity were assessed. Patients were evaluated monthly for 1 year, recording new AECOPD and death from any cause.

Results
Patients with documented MAB (urinary albumin excretion of 30–300 mg/24 hours) on admission had worse lung function (forced expiratory volume in 1 s, %) (mean (SD) 34.2 (13.6)% vs 61.5 (16.7)%), higher modified Medical Research Council (3.6 (1.2) vs 2.1 (0.8)), lower 6 min walk test (171 (63) vs 366 (104)) and more hospitalisation days (9 (2.8) vs 4.7 (1.9)) (p &lt; 0.001 for all comparisons). MAB was also correlated with Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease 2020 COPD stages (p &lt; 0.001). In multivariate regression analysis, MAB was a significant predictor of longer hospitalisation duration (OR 6.847, 95% CI 3.050 to 15.370, p &lt; 0.0001). Twelve-month follow-up revealed that patients with MAB experienced more AECOPDs (4.6 (3.6) vs 2.2 (3.5), p &lt; 0.0001) and deaths, n (%) (52 (36.6) vs 14 (7.8), p &lt; 0.001). Kaplan-Meier survival curves demonstrated that patients with MAB presented with increased mortality, AECOPD and hospitalisation for AECOPD risk at 1 year (p &lt; 0.001 for all comparisons).

Conclusions
The presence of MAB on admission for AECOPD was associated with more severe COPD and prolonged hospitalisation, as well as with higher rates of AECOPD and mortality risk at 1-year follow-up.
Sex-associated and gender-associated differences in the diagnosis and management of axial spondyloarthritis: addressing the unmet needs of female patients
Authors: Chimenti Maria-Sole , Alten Rieke , D'Agostino Maria-Antonieta , Gremese Elisa , Kiltz Uta , Lubrano Ennio , Moreno Mireia , Pham Thao , Ramonda Roberta , Spinelli Francesca-Romana , Perella Chiara , Andreoli Laura 
Published: December 2021

Emerging evidence suggests that axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) should not be seen as a predominantly male disease, as the non-radiographic form occurs with roughly equal frequency in women and men. However, men and women experience this disease differently. The purpose of this review is to highlight sex-associated and gender-associated differences in the patient’s journey through the diagnosis and management of axSpA, in order to increase the awareness about the unmet needs of female axSpA patients.Female patients experience a longer diagnostic delay compared with men, possibly due to the different pattern of clinical presentations across genders. Therefore, it is crucial to sensitise physicians to pay attention and identify the red flags of axSpA in women and promote early referral to a rheumatologist. Women with a diagnosis of axSpA experience greater limitations in physical function, although they have less structural spinal damage compared with men. Women tend to have less adherence and a lower response to treatment, so more gender-oriented data are needed about drugs used for axSpA, especially biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs.Lifestyle factors have a strong impact on the disease course. Interventions regarding physical activity, smoking cessation and diet should be communicated to the patients, with particular attention to the gender-related cultural background.Patients of childbearing age living with axSpA should be engaged in a discussion about reproductive health, in terms of preservation of fertility, management of pregnancy and delivery and use of biologic drugs during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
Flipped $$\mathbf {g_\mu - 2}$$
Authors: Ellis John , Evans Jason L. , Nagata Natsumi , Nanopoulos Dimitri V. , Olive Keith A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe analyze the possible magnitude of the supersymmetric contribution to $$g_\mu - 2$$

g
μ

-
2

in a flipped SU(5) GUT model. Unlike other GUT models which are severely constrained by universality relations, in flipped SU(5) the U(1) gaugino mass and the soft supersymmetry-breaking masses of right-handed sleptons are unrelated to the other gaugino, slepton and squark masses. Consequently, the lightest neutralino and the right-handed smuon may be light enough to mitigate the discrepancy between the experimental measurement of $$g_\mu - 2$$

g
μ

-
2

and the Standard Model calculation, in which case they may be detectable at the LHC and/or a 250 GeV $$e^+ e^-$$

e
+

e
-

collider, whereas the other gauginos and sfermions are heavy enough to escape detection at the LHC.
A model-independent analysis of $$b{\rightarrow }s\mu ^{+}\mu ^{-}$$transitions with GAMBIT ’s FlavBit
Authors: Bhom Jihyun , Chrzaszcz Marcin , Mahmoudi Farvah , Prim Markus T. , Scott Pat , White Martin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe search for flavour-changing neutral current effects in B-meson decays is a powerful probe of physics beyond the Standard Model. Deviations from SM behaviour are often quantified by extracting the preferred values of the Wilson coefficients of an operator product expansion. We use the module of the package to perform a simultaneous global fit of the Wilson coefficients $$C_7$$

C
7

, $$C_9$$

C
9

, and $$C_{10}$$

C
10

using a combination of all current data on $$b{\rightarrow }s\mu ^{+}\mu ^{-}$$

b
→
s

μ
+

μ
-

transitions. We further extend previous analyses by accounting for the correlated theoretical uncertainties at each point in the Wilson coefficient parameter space, rather than deriving the uncertainties from a Standard Model calculation. We find that the best fit deviates from the SM value with a significance of 6.6$$\sigma $$
σ
. The largest deviation is associated with a vector coupling of muons to b and s quarks.
Imagine a Walkable City: Physical activity and urban imageability across 19 major cities
Authors: Constantinides Marios , Joglekar Sagar , Šćepanović Sanja , Quercia Daniele 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCan the shape of a city promote physical activity? The question of why individuals engage in physical activity has been widely researched, but that research has predominantly focused on socio-demographic characteristics (e.g., age, gender, economic status) and coarse-grained spatial characteristics (e.g., population density), overlooking key urban characteristics of, say, whether a city is navigable or, as urban theorist Kevin Lynch put it, whether it is ‘imageable’ (whether its spatial configuration is economic of mental effort). That is mainly because, at scale, it is neither easy to model imageability nor feasible to measure physical activity. We modeled urban imageability with a single scalable metric of entropy, and then measured physical activity from 233K wearable devices over three years, and did so across 19 major cities in the developed world. We found that, after controlling for greenery, wealth, walkability, presence of landmarks, and weather conditions, the legibility hypothesis still holds: the more imageable a city, the more its dwellers engage in physical activity. Interestingly, wealth (GDP per capita) has a positive association with physical activity only in cities with inclement climate, effectively acting as a compensation mechanism for bad weather.
Activity-induced instabilities of brain organoids
Authors: Thijssen Kristian , Kusters Guido L. A. , Doostmohammadi Amin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe present an analytical and numerical investigation of the activity-induced hydrodynamic instabilities in model brain organoids. While several mechanisms have been introduced to explain the experimental observation of surface instabilities in brain organoids, the role of activity has been largely overlooked. Our results show that the active stress generated by the cells can be a, previously overlooked, contributor to the emergence of surface deformations in brain organoids.
Quantum anonymous collision detection for quantum networks
Authors: Khan Awais , Khalid Uman , ur Rehman Junaid , Lee Kyesan , Shin Hyundong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractQuantum mechanics offers new opportunities for diverse information processing tasks in communication and computational networks. In the last two decades, the notion of quantum anonymity has been introduced in several networking tasks that provide an unconditional secrecy of identity for the communicating parties. In this article, we propose a quantum anonymous collision detection (QACD) protocol which detects not only the collision but also guarantees the anonymity in the case of multiple senders. We show that the QACD protocol serves as an important primitive for a quantum anonymous network that features tracelessness and resource efficiency. Furthermore, the security analysis shows that this protocol is robust against the adversary and malicious participants.
Geomorphology and Earth system science
Authors: Dadson Simon J. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This chapter surveys the history of geomorphology and Earth system science from 1965 to 2000. With roots in Enlightenment thought from Hutton, Somerville, Humboldt and Darwin, we see a preoccupation with a holistic form of Earth system science develop through the reductionist, mechanistic ideas of the nineteenth and twentieth century to be reawoken in the 1960s and 1970s environmental movements and the space age, culminating in the major research programmes set by NASA and others subsequently. At the same time the chapter charts the evolution in geomorphology to consider plate tectonics and the origins of mountain ranges, geochemistry and its links between surfaces systems and the atmosphere, to later ideas emphasizing the interplay between landforms and life. This chapter surveys changing interconnected ideas within this field and draws parallels and contrasts between the holistic depictions of Earth system science in the early part of the subject's history and the fundamental challenges facing us today as we grapple to find science-led solutions to global environmental change.
Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of Low-Carbohydrate Diets with Low-Fat Diets for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: Li Shunhua , Ding Lu , Xiao Xinhua 
Published: December 2021

Introduction. To compare the efficacy of low-carbohydrate diets (LCDs) with low-fat diets (LFDs) in body weight and glycemic control for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, and their cardiovascular and renal safety. Methods. We searched PubMed, Ovid, Embase databases, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception to April, 2021. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which lasted more than 3 months were included. The primary outcomes are the mean change from baseline in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and body weight loss. Secondary outcomes included mean difference in lipid parameters, blood pressures, and serum creatinine. Results. Totally, 12 RCTs met inclusion criteria representing 761 patients. Compared with LFDs, treatment with LCDs achieved significant reduced HbA1c by 0.35% (95% CI: −0.45, −0.24;

P

< 0.00001). LCDs appeared to be more beneficial in decreasing body weight than LFDs (WMD = −2.99 kg; 95% CI: −4.36, −1.63;

P

< 0.0001), especially in the subgroup that used VLCDs (WMD = −9.49 kg; 95% CI: −12.88, −6.09,

P

< 0.00001). For cardiovascular risk factors, the LCD interventions significantly reduced TG concentration (WMD: −0.20 mmol/l; 95% CI: −0.31, −0.10;

P

= 0.0001) and increased HDL-C concentration (WMD: 0.09 mmol/l; 95% CI: 0.05,0.13;

P

< 0.00001). Subgroup analyses demonstrated that the difference in HbA1c, TG, and HDL-C between two dietary restrictions respectively lasted up to 1.5 and 2 years, whereas the beneficial effects of body weight loss diminished over time and disappeared after 2 years. LCDs were not associated with decreased level of TC or LDL-C, neither SBP nor DBP in comparison with LFDs. Moreover, no significant difference in serum creatinine could be found among such two diet interventions. Conclusions. LCDs are superior to LFDs for T2DM patients in improving HbA1c and reducing body weight, with a rewarding effect of some cardiovascular risk factors in a longer-term diabetes management. However, available data are insufficient to evaluate the association between diet interventions and renal safety. Future larger longer-term follow-up clinical trials are needed to provide more evidence about the sustainable effects and safety of LCDs compared with LFDs.
Syntaxin4-Munc18c Interaction Promotes Breast Tumor Invasion and Metastasis by Regulating MT1-MMP Trafficking
Authors: Brasher Megan I. , Chafe Shawn C. , McDonald Paul C. , Nemirovsky Oksana , Gorshtein Genya , Gerbec Zachary J. , Brown Wells S. , Grafinger Olivia R. , Marchment Matthew , Matus Esther , Dedhar Shoukat , Coppolino Marc G. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Invasion of neighboring extracellular matrix (ECM) by malignant tumor cells is a hallmark of metastatic progression. This invasion can be mediated by subcellular structures known as invadopodia, the function of which depends upon soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor-activating protein receptor (SNARE)-mediated vesicular transport of cellular cargo. Recently, it has been shown the SNARE Syntaxin4 (Stx4) mediates trafficking of membrane type 1–matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) to invadopodia, and that Stx4 is regulated by Munc18c in this context. Here, it is observed that expression of a construct derived from the N-terminus of Stx4, which interferes with Stx4-Munc18c interaction, leads to perturbed trafficking of MT1-MMP, and reduced invadopodium-based invasion in vitro, in models of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Expression of Stx4 N-terminus also led to increased survival and markedly reduced metastatic burden in multiple TNBC models in vivo. The findings are the first demonstration that disrupting Stx4-Munc18c interaction can dramatically alter metastatic progression in vivo, and suggest that this interaction warrants further investigation as a potential therapeutic target.

Implications:
Disrupting the interaction of Syntaxin4 and Munc18c may be a useful approach to perturb trafficking of MT1-MMP and reduce metastatic potential of breast cancers.
Mitral Valve Prolapse Induces Regionalized Myocardial Fibrosis
Authors: Morningstar Jordan E. , Gensemer Cortney , Moore Reece , Fulmer Diana , Beck Tyler C. , Wang Christina , Moore Kelsey , Guo Lilong , Sieg Franz , Nagata Yasufumi , Bertrand Philippe , Spampinato Ricardo A. , Glover Janiece , Poelzing Stephen , Gourdie Robert G. , Watts Kelsey , Richardson William J. , Levine Robert A. , Borger Michael A. , Norris Russell A. 
Published: December 2021

Background
Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is one of the most common forms of cardiac valve disease and affects 2% to 3% of the population. Previous imaging reports have indicated that myocardial fibrosis is common in MVP and described its association with sudden cardiac death. These data combined with evidence for postrepair ventricular dysfunction in surgical patients with MVP support a link between fibrosis and MVP.

Methods and Results

We performed histopathologic analysis of left ventricular (LV) biopsies from peripapillary regions, inferobasal LV wall and apex on surgical patients with MVP, as well as in a mouse model of human MVP (

Dzip1
S14R

/+

). Tension‐dependent molecular pathways were subsequently assessed using both computational modeling and cyclical stretch of primary human cardiac fibroblasts in vitro. Histopathology of LV biopsies revealed regionalized fibrosis in the peripapillary myocardium that correlated with increased macrophages and myofibroblasts. The MVP mouse model exhibited similar regional increases in collagen deposition that progress over time. As observed in the patient biopsies, increased macrophages and myofibroblasts were observed in fibrotic areas within the murine heart. Computational modeling revealed tension‐dependent profibrotic cellular and molecular responses consistent with fibrosis locations related to valve‐induced stress. These simulations also identified mechanosensing primary cilia as involved in profibrotic pathways, which was validated in vitro and in human biopsies. Finally, in vitro stretching of primary human cardiac fibroblasts showed that stretch directly activates profibrotic pathways and increases extracellular matrix protein production.

Conclusions
The presence of prominent regional LV fibrosis in patients and mice with MVP supports a relationship between MVP and progressive damaging effects on LV structure before overt alterations in cardiac function. The regionalized molecular and cellular changes suggest a reactive response of the papillary and inferobasal myocardium to increased chordal tension from a prolapsing valve. These studies raise the question whether surgical intervention on patients with MVP should occur earlier than indicated by current guidelines to prevent advanced LV fibrosis and potentially reduce residual risk of LV dysfunction and sudden cardiac death.
Tricuspid Valve Intervention at the Time of Pulmonary Valve Replacement in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Van den Eynde Jef , Callahan Connor P. , Lo Rito Mauro , Hussein Nabil , Carvajal Horacio , Guariento Alvise , Ruhparwar Arjang , Weymann Alexander , Budts Werner , Gewillig Marc , Sá Michel Pompeu , Kutty Shelby 
Published: December 2021

Background
Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is a common finding in adults with congenital heart disease referred for pulmonary valve replacement (PVR). However, indications for combined valve surgery remain controversial. This study aimed to evaluate early results of concomitant tricuspid valve intervention (TVI) at the time of PVR.

Methods and Results

Observational studies comparing TVI+PVR and isolated PVR were identified by a systematic search of published research. Random‐effects meta‐analysis was performed, comparing outcomes between the 2 groups. Six studies involving 749 patients (TVI+PVR, 278 patients; PVR, 471 patients) met the eligibility criteria. In the pooled analysis, both TVI+PVR and PVR reduced TR grade, pulmonary regurgitation grade, right ventricular end‐diastolic volume, and right ventricular end‐systolic volumes. TVI+PVR, but not PVR, was associated with a decrease in tricuspid valve annulus size (mean difference, −6.43 mm, 95% CI, −10.59 to −2.27;
P
=0.010). Furthermore, TVI+PVR was associated with a larger reduction in TR grade compared with PVR (mean difference, −0.40; 95% CI, −0.75 to −0.05;
P
=0.031). No evidence could be established for an effect of either treatment on right ventricular ejection fraction or echocardiographic assessment of right ventricular dilatation and dysfunction. There was no evidence for a difference in hospital mortality or reoperation for TR.

Conclusions
While both strategies are effective in reducing TR and right ventricular volumes, routine TVI+PVR can reduce TR grade to a larger extent than isolated PVR. Further studies are needed to identify the subgroups of patients who might benefit most from combined valve surgery.
Transcribing Lead Sheet-Like Chord Progressions of Jazz Recordings
Authors: Durán Gabriel , de la Cuadra Patricio 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe vast majority of research on automatic chord transcription has been developed and tested on databases mainly focused on genres like pop and rock. Jazz is strongly based on improvisation, however, and the way harmony is interpreted is different from many other genres, causing state-of-the-art chord transcription systems to achieve poor performance.This article presents a computational system that transcribes chords from jazz recordings, addressing the specific challenges they present and considering their inherent musical aspects. Taking the raw audio and minor manually obtained inputs from the user, the system can jointly transcribe chords and detect the beat of a recording, allowing a lead sheet–like rendering as output.The analysis is implemented in two parts. First, all segments with a repeating chord progression (the chorus) are aligned based on their musical content using dynamic time warping. Second, the aligned segments are mixed and a convolutional recurrent neural network is used to simultaneously detect beats and transcribe chords.This automatic chord transcription system is trained and tested on jazz recordings only, and achieves better performance than other systems trained on larger databases that are not jazz specific. Additionally, it combines the beat-detection and chord transcription tasks, allowing the creation of a lead sheet–like representation that is easy to interpret by both researchers and musicians.
Sonification of a 3-D Spider Web and Reconstitution for Musical Composition Using Granular Synthesis
Authors: Su Isabelle , Qin Zhao , Saraceno Tomás , Bisshop Ally , Mühlethaler Roland , Ziporyn Evan , Buehler Markus J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThree-dimensional spider webs feature highly intricate fiber architectures, which can be represented via 3-D scanning and modeling. To allow novel interpretations of the key features of a 3-D Cyrtophora citricola spider web, we translate complex 3-D data from the original web model into music, using data sonification. We map the spider web data to audio parameters such as pitch, amplitude, and envelope. Paired with a visual representation, the resulting audio allows a unique and holistic immersion into the web that can describe features of the 3-D architecture (fiber distance, lengths, connectivity, and overall porosity of the structure) as a function of spatial location in the web. Using granular synthesis, we further develop a method to extract musical building blocks from the sonified web, transforming the original representation of the web data into new musical compositions. We build a new virtual, interactive musical instrument in which the physical 3-D web data are used to generate new variations in sound through exploration of different spatial locations and grain-processing parameters. The transformation of sound from grains to musical arrangements (variations of melody, rhythm, harmony, chords, etc.) is analogous to the natural bottom–up processing of proteins, resembling the design of sequence and higher-level hierarchical protein material organization from elementary chemical building blocks. The tools documented here open possibilities for creating virtual instruments based on spider webs for live performances and art installations, suggesting new possibilities for immersion into spider web data, and for exploring similarities between protein folding, on the one hand, and assembly and musical expression, on the other.