bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emotionen im Rettungsdienst
Authors: Völker Juliane , Flohr-Devaud Mira E. F. 
Published: August 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Rettungskräfte müssen im Notfalleinsatz häufig mit emotional belastenden Situationen und ihren eigenen Reaktionen auf menschliches Leid umgehen. Wir untersuchten Rettungskräfte hinsichtlich ihrer Empathie und emotionalen Reaktivität sowie Strategien zur Emotionsregulation und Bewältigung schwieriger Situationen und stellten Zusammenhänge zum chronischen Stresserleben her. Zum Vergleich diente eine studentische Vergleichsstichprobe, welche keine medizinischen Berufserfahrungen vorwies.

Methode
Stress, Empathie, Emotionsregulation und Bewältigungsstrategien wurden mittels einer Fragebogenbatterie erfasst. Emotionale Reaktivität wurde experimentell mit normiertem Bildmaterial zur Erzeugung von Ekel, Trauer, Angst und Freude untersucht, welches auf einer mehrstufigen Skala von angenehm bis unangenehm beurteilt wurde.

Ergebnisse
Rettungskräfte (n = 161) erlebten weniger Stress, waren weniger empathisch und machten seltener oder ähnlichen Gebrauch von Strategien zur Emotionsregulation und Bewältigung wie Studierende (n = 56). Sie empfanden zudem ekel- und trauerauslösende Bilder weniger unangenehm. Mehr Reaktivität auf Ekelbilder, mehr Empathie, Emotionsunterdrückung und vermeidende Bewältigungsstrategien waren mit mehr Stress assoziiert.

Konklusion
Eine verminderte, jedoch nicht niedrige Empathie könnte im Einsatz hilfreich zur emotionalen Abschirmung sein, während nach dem Einsatz eine aktive Auseinandersetzung mit eigenen Emotionen und erlebten kritischen Situationen adaptiv zum Schutz vor Stress erscheint.
Digital and competing information sources: Impact on environmental concern and prospects for international policy cooperation
Authors: Udalov Vladimir , Welfens Paul J. J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe environmental concern of people in industrialized and developing countries is analyzed. Using the 2010–2014 wave of the World Value Survey (WVS), the main purpose of our analysis is to investigate the effect of different information sources on the affective, conative and behavioral components of the environmental concern of people in the developed and developing countries. As independent variables, we use a set of economic data as well as information-related variables, including the internet, mobile phones, TV, radio and newspapers. The digital variables of the internet and mobile phones turn out to have a highly significant impact on environmental concern so that digital modernization of countries should have pro-environmental impacts as a side effect of internet and mobile phone services expansion. With the developing countries catching-up vis-à-vis the OECD countries in the field of mobile phone density and internet density, respectively, one may expect better prospects for cooperation between developed and developing countries since attitudes/the environmental concern of people in developed and developing countries will become more similar. For international green cooperation and climate change policy progress, the new findings presented herein are crucial.
Prescription patterns of direct oral anticoagulants and concomitant use of interacting medications in the Netherlands
Authors: Harskamp R. E. , Himmelreich J. C. L. , Wong G. W. M. , Teichert M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Objectives
To describe the prevalence, temporal and regional trends in prescribing direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in conjunction with interacting medications.

Methods
We performed a cross-sectional study of pharmacy dispensing data in the Foundation for Pharmaceutical Statistics (SFK) registry on patients who have had a prescription for a DOAC filled at one of 831 randomly selected pharmacies in the Netherlands between Jan 2014–Jan 2019.

Results
We identified 99,211 patients who had a first DOAC prescription filled. Mean age was 71.6 ± 10.9 years, 58% were male. In 2014, 8,293 patients were treated with DOACs, in 2018, 35,415 were newly started on a DOAC. In 2018, the use of apixaban was most common (52%) in the Eastern region, whereas rivaroxaban was most frequently prescribed (32–48%) in the other regions. At time of first prescription, the vast majority (99.3%) used ≥ 1 concomitant interacting drug, and 3.2% used ≥ 3 interacting medications. Most common were digoxin (37.8%), atorvastatin (31.5%), verapamil (13.7%) and amiodarone (9.7%). While the number of interacting medications remained unchanged over time (median 1, interquartile range 1–1), there was a notable decrease in antiarrhythmic medications and an increase in non-cardiovascular interacting medications (e.g. dexamethasone from 0.9% to 7.1%, antiepileptic drugs from 2.5% to 3.8%, and haloperidol from 0.5% to 2.2% in 2014 and 2018, respectively).

Conclusion
DOAC use has quadrupled in Dutch clinical practice over the 5‑year period from 2014 to 2018. While the number of patients who take interacting medications remained stable, the profile of interacting medications has changed over time from cardiovascular to medications affecting other organ systems.
Experimental noise source identification in a fuselage test environment based on nearfield acoustical holography
Authors: Ungnad S. , Sachau D. , Wandel M. , Thomas C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA major challenge in the subject of noise exposure in airplanes is to achieve a desired transmission loss of lightweight structures in the low-frequency range. To make use of appropriate noise reduction methods, identification of dominant acoustic sources is required. It is possible to determine noise sources by measuring the sound field quantity, sound pressure, as well as its gradient and calculating sound intensity by post-processing. Since such a measurement procedure entails a large amount of resources, alternatives need to be established. With nearfield acoustical holography in the 1980s, a method came into play which enabled engineers to inversely determine sources of sound by just measuring sound pressures at easily accessible locations in the hydrodynamic nearfield of sound-emitting structures. This article presents an application of nearfield acoustical holography in the aircraft fuselage model Acoustic Flight-Lab at the Center of Applied Aeronautical Research in Hamburg, Germany. The necessary sound pressure measurement takes one hour approximately and is carried out by a self-moving microphone frame. In result, one gets a complete picture of active sound intensity at cavity boundaries up to a frequency of 300 Hz. Results are compared to measurement data.
Traffic Impact Assessment for the Stadiums Hosting FIFA 2022 World Cup in Qatar: A Case Study
Authors: Tahmasseby Shahram , Reddipalayam Palaniappan Subramania Padmanaban 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe State of Qatar has made extensive preparation to successfully host the upcoming FIFA 2022 World Cup, a tournament that will be held for the first time in the Middle East and the North Africa region. In preparation for this tournament, a wide-ranging operational strategy is being developed for each of the stadiums separately. This paper looks into the preparation stages of master planning and transport strategy for one of the hosting venues, which is located in Al Rayyan, Qatar. An overview of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) tournament, its assumptions, spatial planning, traffic modeling, Temporary Traffic Management, and the required mitigations from the transport operations perspective alongside the lessons learned are discussed in the paper.
Development and Implementation of a Rotating Nanoimprint Lithography Tool for Orthogonal Imprinting on Edges of Curved Surfaces
Authors: Supreeti Shraddha , Schienbein Ralf , Feßer Patrick , Fern Florian , Hoffmann Martin , Sinzinger Stefan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractUniform molding and demolding of structures on highly curved surfaces through conformal contact is a crucial yet often-overlooked aspect of nanoimprint lithography (NIL). This study describes the development of a NIL tool and its integration into a nanopositioning and nanomeasuring machine to achieve high-precision orthogonal molding and demolding for soft ultraviolet-assisted NIL (soft UV-NIL). The process was implemented primarily on the edges of highly curved plano-convex substrates to demonstrate structure uniformity on the edges. High-resolution nanostructures of sub-200-nm lateral dimension and microstructures in the range of tens of microns were imprinted. However, the nanostructures on the edges of the large, curved substrates were difficult to characterize precisely. Therefore, microstructures were used to measure the structure fidelity and were characterized using profilometry, white light interferometry, and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Regardless of the restricted imaging capabilities at high inclinations for high-resolution nanostructures, the scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging of the structures on top of the lens substrate and at an inclination of 45° was performed. The micro and nanostructures were successfully imprinted on the edges of the plano-convex lens at angles of 45°, 60°,and 90° from the center of rotation of the rotating NIL tool. The method enables precise imprinting at high inclinations, thereby presenting a different approach to soft UV-NIL on curved surfaces.
Modelling evaporation in electron-beam physical vapour deposition of thermal barrier coatings
Authors: Chevallier Julie , Isern Luis , Almandoz Forcen Koldo , Chalk Christine , Nicholls John R. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis work presents computational models of ingot evaporation for electron-beam physical vapour deposition (EB-PVD) that can be applied to the deposition and development of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs). TBCs are insulating coatings that protect aero-engine components from high temperatures, which can be above the component’s melting point. The development of advanced TBCs is fuelled by the need to improve engine efficiency by increasing the engine operating temperature. Rare-earth zirconates (REZ) have been proposed as the next-generation TBCs due to their low coefficient of thermal conductivity and resistance to molten calcium-magnesium alumina-silicates (CMAS). However, the evaporation of REZ has proven to be challenging, with some coatings displaying compositional segregation across their thickness. The computational models form part of a larger analytical model that spans the whole EB-PVD process. The computational models focus on ingot evaporation, have been implemented in MATLAB and include data from 6 oxides: ZrO2, Y2O3, Gd2O3, Er2O3, La2O3 and Yb2O3. Two models (2D and 3D) successfully evaluate the evaporation rates of constituent oxides from multiple-REZ ingots, which can be used to highlight incompatibilities and preferential evaporation of some of these oxides. A third model (local composition activated, LCA) successfully predicts the evaporation rate of the whole ingot and replicates the cyclic change in composition of the evaporated plume, which is manifested as changes in compositional segregation across the coating’s thickness. The models have been validated with experimental data from Cranfield University’s EB-PVD coaters, published vapour pressure calculations and evaporation rate formulas described in the literature.
Uncovering knowledge on travel behaviour during COVID-19: a convergent parallel mixed-methods study in the context of Italy
Authors: Del Chiappa Giacomo , Bregoli Ilenia , Atzeni Marcello 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAgainst the background of uncertainty and crisis generated by COVID-19, academics and practitioners have struggled to envision how travelling behaviour will be transformed by the pandemic and when it will resume. Despite its relevance to both theory and practice, current research devoted to this research strand is still in its early stages. This study, reliant on Protection Motivation Theory, was conducted in order to assess the ways in which travellers’ preferences are changing as a result of the coping strategies they adopt to protect themselves from the health crisis. To do this, a convergent parallel mixed method approach (data validation variant) was applied to a sample of 4,539 completed questionnaires, collected in Italy, which included 1,577 usable qualitative answers. A factor-cluster analysis was carried out on the quantitative data. Two factors driving destination choice emerged, namely: “Personal protective equipment, sanitation, and physical distancing” and “Outdoor and under-crowded tourism attractions and destinations”. The cluster analysis divided individuals into three groups: “All-round concerned tourists”, “Middle-concerned tourists”, and “Outdoor-driven tourists”. Finally, a series of chi-square and F-tests revealed that significant differences existed between the clusters, based on socio-demographics and travel-related characteristics (i.e., preferred accommodation facilities and means of transport, geographical scale of travelling, and travel companions). Quantitative results were then merged with qualitative results, allowing us to further deepen our understanding of travel behaviours during the pandemic and the related coping strategies. Contributions to this body of knowledge and managerial implications are discussed and suggestions for further research are given.
Are Mastery-Oriented College Students Better Time Managers?
Authors: Romero Miriam , Juola James F. , Casadevante Cristina , Hernández José Manuel , Santacreu José 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGoal orientation and time management have been major components of most self-regulated learning models. They are also especially relevant for adaptative outcomes in the field of education. Goal orientation and time management have traditionally been measured through self-reports, and, although few studies have explored both variables, a positive and significant relation between them has been reported. However, it has been questioned whether people can provide accurate information about their own behavior. Therefore, there is a need for new and less subjective measures to assess these variables. In the present work, we administered objective tests to study goal orientation and time management to expand upon previous findings. Results indicated that goal orientation and time management measured objectively show a positive and significant relation. Mastery-oriented students manage their time more efficiently. Performance-oriented students tend to complete activities with lower values and initiate more task interruptions, resulting in less efficient time management.
Mechanical and thermal stability of retained austenite in plastically deformed bainite-based TRIP-aided medium-Mn steels
Authors: Kozłowska Aleksandra , Grajcar Adam , Janik Aleksandra , Radwański Krzysztof , Krupp Ulrich , Matus Krzysztof , Morawiec Mateusz 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Advanced medium-Mn sheet steels show an opportunity for the development of cost-effective and light-weight automotive parts with improved safety and optimized environmental performance. These steels utilize the strain-induced martensitic transformation of metastable retained austenite to improve the strength–ductility balance. The improvement of mechanical performance is related to the tailored thermal and mechanical stabilities of retained austenite. The mechanical stability of retained austenite was estimated in static tensile tests over a wide temperature range from 20 °C to 200 °C. The thermal stability of retained austenite during heating at elevated temperatures was assessed by means of dilatometry. The phase composition and microstructure evolution were investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy, electron backscatter diffraction, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy techniques. It was shown that the retained austenite stability shows a pronounced temperature dependence and is also stimulated by the manganese addition in a 3–5% range.
Roles of small RNAs in crop disease resistance
Authors: Tang Jun , Gu Xueting , Liu Junzhong , He Zuhua 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSmall RNAs (sRNAs) are a class of short, non-coding regulatory RNAs that have emerged as critical components of defense regulatory networks across plant kingdoms. Many sRNA-based technologies, such as host-induced gene silencing (HIGS), spray-induced gene silencing (SIGS), virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS), artificial microRNA (amiRNA) and synthetic trans-acting siRNA (syn-tasiRNA)-mediated RNA interference (RNAi), have been developed as disease control strategies in both monocot and dicot plants, particularly in crops. This review aims to highlight our current understanding of the roles of sRNAs including miRNAs, heterochromatic siRNAs (hc-siRNAs), phased, secondary siRNAs (phasiRNAs) and natural antisense siRNAs (nat-siRNAs) in disease resistance, and sRNAs-mediated trade-offs between defense and growth in crops. In particular, we focus on the diverse functions of sRNAs in defense responses to bacterial and fungal pathogens, oomycete and virus in crops. Further, we highlight the application of sRNA-based technologies in protecting crops from pathogens. Further research perspectives are proposed to develop new sRNAs-based efficient strategies to breed non-genetically modified (GMO), disease-tolerant crops for sustainable agriculture.
Laparoscopic appendectomy with left lateral tilt in pregnant women in the second and third trimesters: A clinical case series in a single Vietnam centre
Authors: Hoc Tran Hieu , Son Tran Que , Long Vu Duc , Tung Tran Thanh , Huong Tran Thu , Quyet Nguyen Chien , Vu Quang Nguyen , Panha Lun 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
The presentation of acute appendicitis during pregnancy may cause diagnostic and therapeutic difficulty. Laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) is widely accepted as a minimally invasive procedure for acute appendicitis. However, LA during the second and third trimesters is associated with problems, including technical difficulty, a risk of foetal loss and preterm delivery.

Method:
Clinical data were retrospectively collected and analysed between April 2016 and April 2021. A telephone questionnaire was administered in cases of missing data. The clinical information obtained included a detailed medical and obstetric history; preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative data; complications; and pregnancy outcomes.

Results:
There were a total of eighteen patients in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters who had undergone emergent laparoscopic appendectomy with a left lateral tilt of 70–90°. The gestational age at the time of surgery ranged from 20 to 35 weeks. The time to complete the first trocar for the camera ranged from 3 to 6 min, the operation time ranged from 30 to 60 min, and the length of hospital stay was 2–8 days. There were 5 procedures performed in the 3rd trimester. None of the cases required conversion to an open procedure, and all were without postoperative complications. Only one miscarriage complication was reported among a total of 4 patients with peritonitis.

Conclusion:
Our results demonstrated that urgent laparoscopic surgeries are feasible and can be safely performed with minimal risk for patients and foetuses in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Larger prospective studies are required to validate these findings.

Highlights
Surgical Therapy After Failed Feminizing Genitoplasty in Young Adults with Disorders of Sex Development: Retrospective Analysis and Review of the Literature
Authors: Ellerkamp Verena , Rall Kristin Katharina , Schaefer Juergen , Stefanescu Diana , Schoeller Dorit , Brucker Sara , Fuchs Joerg 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundSecondary vaginal stenosis may occur after reconstruction of genital malformations in childhood or after failed vaginal aplasia repair in adults.AimThis study focusses on the results of the surgical treatment of these patients in our multidisciplinary transitional disorders/differences of sex development team of pediatric surgeons and gynecologists.MethodsA retrospective analysis was carried out on adult and female identified disorders/differences of sex development patients with vaginal stenoses treated between 2015 and 2018 in a single center with revision vaginoplasty. The underlying type of malformation, the number and surgical techniques of vaginoplasties in infancy, techniques of revision of the stenotic vagina, vaginal length and caliber, possibility of sexual intercourse, and temporary vaginal dilatation. A review of literature with regard to recommended surgical techniques of revision vaginoplasties was accomplished.OutcomesTo describe the surgical technique, the main outcome measures of this study are vaginal calipers after revision vaginoplasty as well as ability for sexual intercourse.RESULTSThirteen patients presented with vaginal stenosis with a median age of 19 years (range 16–31). All patients had one or more different types of vaginoplasties in their medical history, with a median age at first vaginoplasty of 15 months (0–233). Underlying anatomical conditions were urogenital sinus (n = 8), vaginal agenesis (n = 2), persistent cloacae (n = 2), and cloacal exstrophy (n = 1). The main symptoms were disability of sexual intercourse in 13 patients due to stenotic vaginal tissue. The most frequently performed surgical technique was partial urogenital mobilization with a perineal or lateral flaps (n = 10), followed by bowel vaginoplasty (n = 2), in 1 patient a revision vaginoplasty failed due to special anatomical conditions. In a median follow-up of 11 months, all but one patient presented with physiological vaginal length and width, and normal sexual intercourse in those with a partnership.Clinical ImplicationsPerineal flap with partial urogenital mobilization should be considered as a treatment of choice in severe cases of distal vaginal stenosis and after multiple failed former vaginoplasties, while bowel vaginoplasty should be reserved only for cases of complete cicatrization or high located stenosis of the vagina.Strengths & LimitationsThe strength of this study is the detailed description of several cases while the retrospective character is a limitation.CONCLUSIONIn patients after feminizing genital repair, perineal flap with partial urogenital mobilization provides a normal anatomical outcome and allows unproblematic sexual intercourse.
ON COMPLEX ECONOMIC SCENARIO GENERATORS: IS LESS MORE?
Authors: Bégin Jean-François 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis article proposes a complex economic scenario generator that nests versions of well-known actuarial frameworks. The generator estimation relies on the Bayesian paradigm and accounts for both model and parameter uncertainty via Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. So, to the questionis less more?, we answer maybe, but it depends on your criteria. From an in-sample fit perspective, on the one hand, a complex economic scenario generator seems better. From the conservatism, forecasting and coverage perspectives, on the other hand, the situation is less clear: having more complex models for the short rate, term structure and stock index returns is clearly beneficial. However, that is not the case for inflation and the dividend yield.