bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-throughput low-cost nl-qPCR for enteropathogen detection: A proof-of-concept among hospitalized patients in Bangladesh
Authors: Flaherty Katelyn E. , Grembi Jessica A. , Ramachandran Vasavi V. , Haque Farhana , Khatun Selina , Rahman Mahmudu , Maples Stace , Becker Torben K. , Spormann Alfred M. , Schoolnik Gary K. , Hryckowian Andrew J. , Nelson Eric J. 
Published: October 2021

Background
Diarrheal disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, especially in low- and middle-income countries. High-throughput and low-cost approaches to identify etiologic agents are needed to guide public health mitigation. Nanoliter-qPCR (nl-qPCR) is an attractive alternative to more expensive methods yet is nascent in application and without a proof-of-concept among hospitalized patients.

Methods
A census-based study was conducted among diarrheal patients admitted at two government hospitals in rural Bangladesh during a diarrheal outbreak period. DNA was extracted from stool samples and assayed by nl-qPCR for common bacterial, protozoan, and helminth enteropathogens as the primary outcome.

Results
A total of 961 patients were enrolled; stool samples were collected from 827 patients. Enteropathogens were detected in 69% of patient samples; More than one enteropathogen was detected in 32%. Enteropathogens most commonly detected were enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (26.0%), Shiga toxin-producing E.coli (18.3%), enterotoxigenic E. coli (15.5% heat stable toxin positive, 2.2% heat labile toxin positive), Shigella spp. (14.8%), and Vibrio cholerae (9.0%). Geospatial analysis revealed that the median number of pathogens per patient and the proportion of cases presenting with severe dehydration were greatest amongst patients residing closest to the study hospitals.”

Conclusions
This study demonstrates a proof-of-concept for nl-qPCR as a high-throughput low-cost method for enteropathogen detection among hospitalized patients.
The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on AMI and stroke mortality in Lombardy: Evidence from the epicenter of the pandemic
Authors: Rossi Camillo , Berta Paolo , Curello Salvatore , Lovaglio Pietro Giorgio , Magoni Mauro , Metra Marco , Roccaro Aldo Maria , Verzillo Stefano , Vittadini Giorgio 
Published: October 2021

Background
The first Covid-19 epidemic outbreak has enormously impacted the delivery of clinical healthcare and hospital management practices in most of the hospitals around the world. In this context, it is important to assess whether the clinical management of non-Covid patients has not been compromised. Among non-Covid cases, patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) and stroke need non-deferrable emergency care and are the natural candidates to be studied. Preliminary evidence suggests that the time from onset of symptoms to emergency department (ED) presentation has significantly increased in Covid-19 times as well as the 30-day mortality and in-hospital mortality.

Methods
We check, in a causal inference framework, the causal effect of the hospital’s stress generated by Covid-19 pandemic on in-hospital mortality rates (primary end-point of the study) of AMI and stroke over several time-windows of 15-days around the implementation date of the State of Emergency restrictions for COVID-19 (March, 9th 2020) using two quasi-experimental approaches, regression-discontinuity design (RDD) and difference-in-regression-discontinuity (DRD) designs. Data are drawn from Spedali Civili of Brescia, one of the most hit provinces in Italy by Covid-19 during March and May 2020.

Findings
Despite the potential adverse effects on expected mortality due to a longer time to hospitalization and staff extra-burden generated by the first wave of Covid-19, the AMI and stroke mortality rates are overall not statistically different during the first wave of Covid-19 than before the first peak. The obtained results provided by RDD models are robust also when we account for seasonality and unobserved factors with DRD models.

Interpretation
The non-statistically significant impact on mortality rates for AMI and stroke patients provides evidence of the hospital ability to manage -with the implementation of a dual track organization- the simultaneous delivery of high-quality cares to both Covid and non-Covid patients.
Hyperendemicity of cysticercosis in Madagascar: Novel insights from school children population-based antigen prevalence study
Authors: Carod Jean-François , Mauny Frédéric , Parmentier Anne Laure , Desmarets Maxime , Rakotondrazaka Mahenintsoa , Brembilla Alice , Dermauw Véronique , Razafimahefa Julien , Ramahefarisoa Rondro Mamitiana , Andriantseheno Marcellin , Bailly Sarah , Ménard Didier , Dorny Pierre 
Published: October 2021

Objective
Taenia solium (Ts) cysticercosis is a neglected zoonotic disease particularly prevalent in Madagascar. Few data are available for children, current data mainly rely on antibody prevalence. We sought to determine the Ts-antigen seroprevalence–determining active cysticercosis—amongst school children from various cities in Madagascar (excluding the capital) and evaluated associated risk factors.

Methods
In seven cities in Madagascar, the presence of cysticercosis in school children (n = 1751) was investigated in 2007 using the B158/B60 antigen (Ag)-ELISA.

Results
The overall prevalence based on Ag detection was 27.7% [95%CI: 10–37%]. Risk factors associated with Ag positivity were age, biotope, altitude and annual average rainfall.

Conclusion
These results highlight the high prevalence of active cysticercosis in Madagascar among school children in an urban setting. This high prevalence as well as the risk factors unraveled point to the emergency to implement appropriate Public Health measure son a national scale.
Is duration of passive second stage associated with a risk of hysterotomy extension during cesarean?
Authors: Merrer Jade , Dreyfus Clara , Girault Aude , Goffinet François , Le Ray Camille 
Published: October 2021

Objective
To assess obstetric factors associated with hysterotomy extension among women undergoing a second-stage cesarean.

Study design
This 5-year retrospective cohort study (2013–2017) included all women with second-stage cesarean deliveries of live-born singleton fetuses in cephalic presentation at term. It took place at a tertiary center that practices delayed pushing. We performed univariable and multivariable logistic regression to assess the maternal, obstetric, and neonatal factors associated with hysterotomy extension mentioned in the surgical report. Operative time, postpartum hemorrhage, and maternal complications were also studied.

Results
Of the 3350 intrapartum cesareans, 2637 were performed at term for singleton fetuses in cephalic presentation: 747 (28.3%) during the second stage of labor, 83 (11.1%) of which were complicated by a hysterotomy extension. The median duration of the passive phase of the second stage did not differ between women with and without an extension (164 min versus 160 min, P = 0.85). No other second-stage obstetric characteristics, i.e., duration of the active phase, fetal head station, or fetal malposition, were associated with the risk of extension. Factors significantly associated with extension were the surgeon’s experience and forceps use during the cesarean. Women with an extension, compared to women without one, had a longer median operative time (49 min versus 32 min, P<0.001) and higher rates of postpartum hemorrhage and blood transfusion (respectively, 30.1% versus 15.1%, p = 0.002 and 7.2% versus 2.4%, P = 0.03).

Conclusion
The risk of a hysterotomy extension does not appear to be associated with second-stage obstetric characteristics, including the duration of the passive phase of this stage. In our center, which practices delayed pushing, prolonging this passive phase beyond 2 hours does not increase the risk of hysterotomy extension in second-stage cesareans.
Effects of low-level laser therapy versus soft occlusive splints on mouth opening and surface electromyography in females with temporomandibular dysfunction: A randomized-controlled study
Authors: Shousha Tamer , Alayat Mohamed , Moustafa Ibrahim 
Published: October 2021

Background
Low level lasers have been used as an alternative pain relief therapy for muscle and joint pain, since it induces analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and biomodulation effects of the physiological cell functions. The effectiveness of low-level laser therapy in temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMD) treatment, however, is not well established. Although Surface electromyography (sEMG) has been suggested as a complementary means in TMD diagnosis, the effect of conservative treatments on muscle activity has not yet been thoroughly correlated with (sEMG) findings.

Purpose
To assess the efficacy of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) as compared to occlusive splint therapy (OST) on the TMJ opening index (TOI) and sEMG of masticatory muscles.

Materials and methods
112 female subjects suffering from unilateral myogenous TMD, aged 21–30 years-old, were recruited and divided into three groups: LLLT; soft occlusive splint therapy OST and a waitlist group as controls.

Outcome measures
TMJ opening index (TOI), Visual analogue scale (VAS), surface electromyography (sEMG).

Results
A significant reduction was reported in TOI, VAS and the sEMG within the LLLT and OST groups as well as significant decrease in all outcomes between groups in favor of the LLLT group (P< 0.0001). Meanwhile, there was a weak significant difference within the control group probably attributed to the analgesic. Post-hoc pairwise comparisons between groups [control vs occlusive splints, control vs low-level laser and low-level laser vs occlusive splints] revealed significant differences in the VAS and TOI [P = 0.0001; 95% CI: 0.9–2.2, 1.61–4.01, 0.65–1.96].

Conclusions
Findings support an evident short term therapeutic effect of the LLLT on improving VAS, TOI and sEMG in females suffering from myogenous TMD.
Prevalence and correlates of restless legs syndrome in men living with HIV
Authors: Wallace Douglas M. , Alcaide Maria L. , Wohlgemuth William K. , Jones Weiss Deborah L. , Uribe Starita Claudia , Patel Sanjay R. , Stosor Valentina , Levine Andrew , Skvarca Carling , Long Dustin M. , Rubtsova Anna , Adimora Adaora A. , Gange Stephen J. , Spence Amanda B. , Anastos Kathryn , Aouizerat Bradley E. , Anziska Yaacov , Punjabi Naresh M. 
Published: October 2021

Background
Data on the prevalence and correlates of restless legs syndrome (RLS) in people with HIV are limited. This study sought to determine the prevalence of RLS, associated clinical correlates, and characterize sleep-related differences in men with and without HIV.

Methods
Sleep-related data were collected in men who have sex with men participating in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). Demographic, health behaviors, HIV status, comorbidities, and serological data were obtained from the MACS visit coinciding with sleep assessments. Participants completed questionnaires, home polysomnography, and wrist actigraphy. RLS status was determined with the Cambridge-Hopkins RLS questionnaire. RLS prevalence was compared in men with and without HIV. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine correlates of RLS among all participants and men with HIV alone. Sleep-related differences were examined in men with and without HIV by RLS status.

Results
The sample consisted of 942 men (56% HIV+; mean age 57 years; 69% white). The prevalence of definite RLS was comparable in men with and without HIV (9.1% vs 8.7%). In multinomial regression, HIV status was not associated with RLS prevalence. However, white race, anemia, depression, and antidepressant use were each independently associated with RLS. HIV disease duration was also associated with RLS. Men with HIV and RLS reported poorer sleep quality, greater sleepiness, and had worse objective sleep efficiency/fragmentation than men without HIV/RLS.

Conclusions
The prevalence of RLS in men with and without HIV was similar. Screening for RLS may be considered among people with HIV with insomnia and with long-standing disease.
Calculando mentalmente no Ensino Fundamental I: entre brincadeira e ginástica para a construção do raciocínio
Authors: A. Valente Gabriela , Bustamante Kavakama Juliana , Pereira Zilda Maria 
Published: October 2021

O ensino da matemática na educação básica é composto de uma grande diversidade de conteúdos que são transmitidos por meio de diferentes metodologias. Em se tratando do ensino fundamental I, a função do professor é construir junto com o aluno predisposição para a aprendizagem de matemática, despertar nas crianças interesse e curiosidades por meio de problematizações e brincadeiras. Neste artigo, trataremos de um conteúdo que é pouco abordado, a saber, o cálculo mental. O cálculo mental está centrado no significado dos cálculos intermediários e facilita a compreensão das regras do cálculo escrito. Partimos da hipótese de que existem diferentes maneiras de calcular e que podemos escolher a melhor para cada situação, utilizando procedimentos originais para se chegar ao resultado. Além disso, advogamos pelos benefícios para a construção do raciocínio que o cálculo mental pode apresentar. Nosso objetivo é identificar sua presença nas salas de aula do primeiro ciclo do Ensino Fundamental, a partir da prática docente, mas também dos livros didáticos. Assim, foram utilizadas diferentes fontes de pesquisa, como a Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC), no que concerne ao ensino de matemática, textos teóricos, experiências de estágio das autoras, a consulta em livros didáticos de matemática e uma entrevista com um pesquisador e escritor matemático Marcelo Lellis.
Role of Extended Mesenteric Excision in Postoperative Recurrence of Crohn's Colitis: A Single-Center Study
Authors: Zhu Yipeng , Qian Wenwei , Huang Liangyu , Xu Yihan , Guo Zhen , Cao Lei , Gong Jianfeng , Coffey J. Calvin , Shen Bo , Li Yi , Zhu Weiming 
Published: October 2021

INTRODUCTION:
The mesentery is involved in Crohn's disease. The impact of the extent of mesenteric resection on postoperative disease progression in Crohn's disease remains unconfirmed. This study aimed to determine the association between resection of the mesentery and postoperative outcomes in patients with Crohn's colitis (CC) undergoing colorectal surgery.

METHODS:
Patients with CC who underwent colorectal resection between January 2000 and December 2018 were reviewed, and the data were gathered from a prospectively maintained database. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the extent of mesenteric resection, the extensive mesenteric excision (EME) group and the limited mesenteric excision (LME) group. Outcomes including early postoperative morbidities and surgical recurrence were compared between the 2 groups.

RESULTS:
Of the 126 patients included, 60 were in the LME group and 66 in the EME group. There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in early postsurgical outcomes except the intraoperative blood loss was increased in the LME group (P = 0.002). Patients in the EME group had a longer postoperative surgical recurrence-free survival time when compared with those in the LME group (P = 0.01). LME was an independent predictor of postoperative surgical recurrence (hazard ratio 2.67, 95% confidence interval 1.04–6.85, P = 0.04). This was further confirmed in the subgroup analysis of patients undergoing colorectal resection and anastomosis (hazard ratio 2.83, 95% confidence interval 1.01–7.96, P = 0.048).

DISCUSSION:
In patients undergoing surgery for CC, inclusion of the mesentery is associated with similar short-term outcomes and improved long-term outcomes compared with those seen when the mesentery is retained.
PANDEMIA E LAZER: os reflexos da pandemia nos cotidianos de lazer das periferias urbanas
Authors: Da Silva Lourenço Cezar , Nascimento Diogo Silva Do , Sales Marcelo Ribeiro , Souza Rafaela Goltara 
Published: October 2021

Diversas periferias no país são marcadas historicamente por ausências, precariedade dos serviços públicos e pelas narrativas sobre violência e pobreza divulgadas pela imprensa de forma constante há muitas décadas. Essas narrativas oficializadas sobre esses territórios imperam como obstáculos aos moradores, que continuam sendo estigmatizados e excluídos socialmente. Nestes tempos de pandemia, a situação parece ter se agravado. Falta de leitos para a população mais pobre, materiais de higiene e até mesmo a diminuição drástica da renda tem tensionado esse período nos territórios periféricos. No entanto, mesmo com tantas problemáticas, muitos moradores de periferias têm encontrado dificuldade de abrir mão dos espaços de lazer, mesmo com medidas de distanciamento social. Nesse sentido, as resenhas nos botequins, as peladas no campo de várzea, o bate papo nas feiras se apresentam como grandes adversários nessa luta contra a Covid-19. Assim, buscando entender as relações e a importância que esses territórios do lazer representam, buscamos investigar três periferias nos Estado de Minas Gerais e Rio de Janeiro. Nesse sentido, pesquisamos os bairros de Justinópolis em Ribeirão das Neves- MG, Lote XV em Belford Roxo-Rj e o Conjunto de Favelas da Maré no Rio de Janeiro- RJ. O trabalho analisou a maneira como se configuraram as sociabilidades e identidades tecidas através das experiências fomentadas nesses espaços de lazer, indicando a resistência dos moradores em abrir mão, mesmo em um momento de pandemia, desses espaços de lazer. Esta pesquisa utilizou a abordagem etnográfica por meio de observações entendendo esses territórios do lazer como “Pedaços” marcados por códigos, pertencimentos e identificações peculiares no contexto periférico, como diz José Magnani.
Resilience in Global Value Chains: A Systemic Risk Approach
Authors: Ibrahim Sherwat E. , Centeno Miguel A. , Patterson Thayer S. , Callahan Peter W. 
Published: October 2021

Global value chains (GVCs) have increased efficiencies, accelerated production, reduced costs, and increased wealth and opportunities for workers, firms, nations, and the global economy as a whole. However, the benefits and efficiencies provided by these GVCs come at the cost of increasing risks. This is largely because the emergence and evolution of GVCs have been enabled by advancements in globalization, complexity, and technology, as well as the development of critical global systems that underpin these industries—such as communication, transportation, financial systems, and others. GVCs are thus only as stable as these underlying global systems upon which they depend, and are vulnerable to potential shocks to these systems.
The COVID-19 pandemic and other recent global interruptions in GVCs have demonstrated the importance of applying a systems theory approach, which allows us to identify—and eventually begin managing for—the multidimensional risks that these global industries face. Studying the stability and reliability of these global industries requires not only an understanding of risks within just the GVCs but also an awareness of vulnerabilities in numerous critical underlying systems that form the infrastructure of GVCs and the global economy. As examples, we examine six such underlying systems: health care and public health, supply chain and logistics, technology and cyber, finance, sociopolitical, and the environment. Each of these examples illustrates that disruptions, fragilities, or failures in critical underlying systems can dramatically impact GVCs as a whole and make the geographic regions in which these systems are vulnerable less attractive to industry investment and expansion.
Introducing methodologies and concepts from systems theory, we illustrate that these underlying global systems that expose GVCs to vulnerabilities are complex adaptive systems (CAS). As systems of systems composed of CAS, these GVCs consequently also can be modeled as CAS. We argue that not only does this CAS perspective help to mitigate the multilayered GVC risks through better understanding and the application of CAS tools like “adaptive management,” but it also empowers policymakers to better attract GVCs to their borders by prioritizing the creation of more resilient underlying systems.
Sounding the “Spirit of My Silence”
Authors: Farrell Natalie 
Published: October 2021

Sufjan Stevens’s 2015 album Carrie and Lowell threw indie rock fans into collective mourning with its sonic depiction of feeling so much to the point of experiencing an overwhelming affective nothingness. Written as an elegy for Stevens’s mother, the album performs Stevens’s loss by creating a static soundscape punctuated by moments of stark sonic absence. Some moments evoke the emotionally ineffable (rhythmic stutters between phrases), some occupy a sonically liminal space with white noise negating silence, and others are calls to physical action (flipping over the LP) that literally give the listen pause.This paper places an autoethnographic encounter with a Carrie and Lowell pre-release “silent listening party” in conversation with Roland Barthes’s theory of affect and grief as originally developed in Camera Lucida: A Note on Photography. This paper explores the possibility that Barthes’s theory offers an infrastructure for approaching affect and musical listening by highlighting the ways in which the individual functions as an affective archive, navigating culturally-coded and pre-cognitive physiological responses to aesthetic objects. Drawing upon Elizabeth Hellmuth Margulis’s work on structured silences, this paper argues that moments of foregrounded silence in Carrie and Lowell provide musical analogies for Barthes’s punctum of time and death.
Analysis of Mechanical, Microstructural Properties and Weld Morphology of A-TIG Welded AH-36 Marine-Grade Steels with Oxide and Duplex Flux Coating
Authors: Kumar K. Vijaya , Ramanaiah N. , Bhargava Rama Mohan Rao N. 
Published: October 2021

The current study investigates the metallurgical, mechanical properties and weld morphology of AH36 marine grade steel (with a thickness of 8 mm) by activated-tungsten inert gas (A-TIG) butt joints, with the application of different fluxes (MoO3, V2O5, and duplex of MoO3 and V2O5) at various process parameters. The welding speed was kept constant at 120 mm/min, and current varied from 160 A to 220 A uniformly to optimise process parameters to achieve desired mechanical properties, weld morphology, and lowest possible heat input. The study also focused on comparing tensile strength, impact strength, and microhardness, heat input during welding, weld bead depth and width between conventional TIG welding and activated flux TIG welding processes at various operation parameters. Tensile results reported that fracture occurs at the base region in ordinary TIG welding and the activated tungsten inert gas welding process. It was noticed that a higher depth to width ratio attained MoO3 and V2O5 duplex flux coated weldments. There is evidence that the depth of weld joints is enhanced because of stable arc, Marangoni effect, and arc constriction. Microhardness results reported that the fusion zone has a higher microhardness in the activated tungsten inert gas welding than the ordinary TIG welding. It was concluded that out of all fluxes, MoO3 and V2O5 duplex flux coating produce better butt welds of AH36 steel.