bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The stress distribution around the mining excavations under different tectonic loads
Authors: Semenova IE , Kulkova M S 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The article studies the fatures of stress distribution around the mining excavations under different tectonic loads on the case study of the Zhdanovskoe copper-nickel ore deposit, Murmansk region, Russia. The deposit is located in the Arctic zone on the Russia-Norway state boundary and is excavated by the Severny underground mine using simultaneously the sublevel caving and the open stoping methods. The combination of these mining methods in the same area affects the geomechanical conditions; moreover, the highest level of stresses is identified between the opposing excavation fronts. The deepening of mining increases the geodynamic risks caused by the stress state in the rock mass. In this regard, the study of the Zhdanovskoe deposit rock mass stress state and its transformation due to the mining progress is urgent. To address the issues a numerical geomechanical 3D model was created. To specify the correct boundary conditions, the results of the in-situ measurements were compared to visual observation results. To achieve the most accurate result, the direction and ratio of the tectonic loads were varied and the results were analyzed. The authors have analysed the modelling results in the form of the stresses and deformations distribution in the area around the excavations under different directions of tectonic loads. Based on this analysis, the authors have substantiated a relevant variant of direction of tectonic forces relatively the ore body strike. The results have been applied to forecast the changes in perspective stress-strain state during the mining progress.
Empirical Models for Estimating Performance and Operational Parameters of Raise Boring Machine in Mining Applications
Authors: Yagiz S , Shaterpour-Mamaghani A , Yazitova A , Yermukhanbetov K , Dogan E , Erdogan T , Copur H 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Raise boring machines (RBMs) are commonly utilized for drilling of shaft and other inclined structures in mining and civil applications. This paper aim to introduce several empirical equations to estimate the performance and operational parameters of RBMs. For the aim, datasets having rock properties including uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), Brazilian tensile strength (BTS), brittleness (BI), rock quality designation (RQD), elastic modules (E) and Poisson ratio (v); and also RBMs operational parameters including Instantaneous penetration rate (IPR), Specific Energy (SE), Pushing Force (Fpush), reamerhead power (Pw) and rotational speed (RPM), were established from published case studies. After that, re-established dataset was utilized to develop multiple regression models to predict the performance and operational parameters of RBM. It is found that IPR, SE, Fpush, Pw and RPM could be estimated using several alternative rock properties with coefficients of determination ranging from 0.77 to 0.95. Based on utilized dataset, it is also concluded that RQD and BI are the most common rock properties for estimating the performance and operational parameters of RBMs.
The role of numerical analysis in the study of the behaviour of hard-rock pillars
Authors: Elmo D. , Cammarata G. , Brasile S. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Rock pillars can be defined as the in-situ rock between two or more underground openings. However, one aspect that is seldom considered in analysis of hard rock pillars, and indirectly in synthetic rock mass models to determine rock mass strength, is the actual stress level and stress path imposed on the pillar due to the excavation sequence and the location of the pillars within the mine lay out. In this paper we propose to use numerical stress analysis to determine how stresses vary across the excavated pillars in a typical room-and-pillar mine lay out, and thus generate a spatially variable determination of pillar stability. Because of the computational difficulty associated with hybrid modelling of realistic discrete fracture networks, synthetic rock mass modelling is commonly carried out using a 2D approach. By comparing 3D and 2D results for selected cross-sections across, we believe the results of the analysis will provide the opportunity to better constrain the stability implications of a 2D approach to pillar design and synthetic rock mass modelling.
Monitoring slope stability based on factor of safety estimated by back analysis of measured displacements
Authors: Shoji Y. , Takabatake M. , Suzuki H. , Shimizu N. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Field monitoring is essential for assessing the stability of natural as well as well-designed slopes to confirm the validity of the design. Many instruments and systems are available for monitoring the slope behavior. Interpretation of the monitoring results for assessing the stability of slopes is an important task. Displacements are usually plotted versus time, and their transition and rate of increase are observed and compared with the criteria. This is a common and useful practice, but it is based on an empirical method. Therefore, a method for assessing the stability of slopes on the basis of rock mechanics is required. This paper outlines a back analysis method originally proposed by Sakurai in 1987 to estimate the factor of safety from the measured displacements. Two case studies are demonstrated to confirm the validity of the method. By applying the back analysis method to natural and well-designed slopes, the time transition of the factor of safety can be estimated from the measured displacements. The applicability and limitations of the method are also discussed.
Digital terrestrial photogrammetry for a dense monitoring of the surficial displacements of a landslide
Authors: Brezzi L , Vallisari D , Carraro E , Teza G , Pol A , Liang Z , Zhou K , Gabrieli F , Cola S , Galgaro A 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A new method for measuring spatially dense surface displacements of a landslide at daily intervals and over a long period of time is here presented. The method allows the evaluation of displacements based on a digital image correlation technique applied to a temporal sequence of photos, daily captured by one or more fixed cameras. In comparison to other topographical method this new procedure has a lower accuracy, but provides distributed daily measurements, spatially very dense over the entire landslide area. The multi-view configuration also allows the reconstruction and the update of the 3D surface of the landslide. This work presents some preliminary results obtained by applying this innovative technique to a complex landslide located in the municipality of Perarolo di Cadore (NE Italy), also known as Sant’Andrea landslide. The landslide is characterized by active slow movements involving detrital deposits, about 30 m thick, overlying gypsum-anhydrite rocks. Its activity is strongly correlated to both heavy and long-lasting rain events and to its particular geological conditions. Recently, the alternating phases characterized by slow movements and significant accelerations led to a progressive enlargement of the affected area. Three cameras installed on a stable slope facing the landslide allow to record the intermittent activity and the peculiar behaviour of different parts of the slope. The displacements thus obtained are also compared with those deriving from conventional techniques. Finally, the accuracy of this new method is discussed.
InSARTrac: a novel approach for remote acquisition of 3D slope displacement vectors
Authors: Zambanini C , Kieffer D S , Lienhart W , Woschitz H 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The recent advent of terrestrial interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) has greatly enhanced the ability of monitoring slope deformation. However, the displacements obtained are one-dimensional, offering little insight into the underlying deformation mechanism. This study summarizes an approach for obtaining three-dimensional slope displacement vectors through the integration of InSAR and two-dimensional image feature tracking (FT) technologies. The method, referred to as InSARTrac, uses a single digital camera oriented in the InSAR line of sight (LOS) generating time-lapse imagery, from which FT extracts (sub-) pixel shifts of pixel clusters. The 1D LOS InSAR measurements are vectorially combined with the 2D normal to the LOS FT measurements to obtain the 3D displacement vector. Bench-scale target displacement tests using a high precision translation for displacement and reference gave a 3D accuracy of 0.05 mm at a distance of 13 m, which corresponds to 1.3 mm at 500 m, assuming linear behaviour. These initial results indicate that InSARTrac can provide a reliable means for obtaining accurate 3D slope displacement vectors remotely and without the use of reflectors. Current studies are focused on implementing InSARTrac in a number of different field environments to investigate outdoor measurement accuracy and the range of potential applications.
Preventing failure of the anchoring system in underground coal mines
Authors: Chen H , Ramandi H.L , Crosky A , Saydam S 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Cable bolts are commonly used as anchoring element in many underground mines. Reports on the premature failure of cable bolts in underground coal mines due to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) have been increasing in the past two decades. The previous studies found that the diffusion of atomic hydrogen into steel causes the SCC in cable bolts, which is known as hydrogen-induced stress corrosion cracking (HISCC). While the research on the mechanism of the HISCC in underground mines needs to be continued, it is essential to develop prevention measures to avoid such a failure. In this study, a variety of prevention measures that claim to prevent corrosion of steel were examined. Specifically, barrier coating, i.e., polymer, epoxy coating, as well as the sacrificial coating, i.e., hot-dip galvanising, methods were tested. Testing specimens were made by inserting loading pins between locked cable bolt king wires (coated) to simulate the in-situ stress condition. Cable bolt specimens were then fully immersed into a hydrogen sulphide solution to determine their resistance against HISCC. The test results showed that all the coatings had delayed the failure in varying degrees, but very few have significantly extended the time to fracturing. The polymer and epoxy coatings have become breached during the testing, and the failure occurred shortly after. The galvanised coating was dissolved in the testing solution and again allowed access of the solution to the steel surface, and subsequently resulted in failure. This indicates that these coatings can be potentially applied to prevent SCC failure; however, their impacts on the performance of bolts, such as their bonding with grout and bolt, still need to be considered.
Assessment of Kelantan River water quality using water quality index (WQI)
Authors: Radin Nizar F S , Mohd Ghazi R , Awang N R , Muhammad M 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Kelantan River is the main river in Kelantan, and it has been used for water sources for irrigation, small-scale fishing industries, transportation, and sand mining. WQI is a comprehensive method for displaying water quality status and achieving good water quality. This study is aims to identify the significant difference in water quality index (WQI) parameters and the correlation between WQI parameters in urban, suburban, and residential area along the Kelantan River from 2015 until 2019. Water quality stations in urban, suburban, and residential areas were selected with facilitation of ArcMap 10.0 software. In this study, Kota Bharu represented urban area, Kuala Krai represented suburban area and Tanah Merah represented residential area. The significant difference between WQI value with different stations were determined using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Meanwhile the correlation between WQI parameters were determined using Pearson correlation. From this research, there is no significant difference in water quality between urban, suburban, and residential areas along Kelantan River. The correlation of water quality parameters varies between locations which indicates different water pollution contributors except correlation between biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD), pH and ammoniacal nitrogen (AN), and total suspended solid (TSS) and WQI. WQI in urban, suburban, and residential areas were classified in Class II from 2015 until 2019 except WQI in residential area in 2019 which was classified in Class III. This study will provide scientific reference for future use to protect local aquatic environment in Kelantan River and can be used to manage the river basin development in future.
Optimizations and artificial neural network validation studies for naphthalene and phenanthrene adsorption onto NH2-UiO-66(Zr) metal-organic framework
Authors: Zango Z U , Jumbri K , Zaid H F M , Sambudi N S , Matmin J 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Adsorptive removal of naphthalene (NAP) and phenanthrene (PHE) was reported using NH2-UiO-66(Zr) metal-organic frameworks. The process was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) using central composite design (CCD). The fitting of the model was described by the analysis of variance (ANOVA) with significant Fischer test (F-value) of 85.46 and 30.56 for NAP and PHE, respectively. Validation of the adsorption process was performed by artificial neural network (ANN), achieving good prediction performance at node 6 for both NAP and PHE with good agreement between the actual and predicted ANN adsorption efficiencies. The good reusability of the MOF was discovered for 7 consecutive cycles and achieving adsorption efficiency of 89.1 and 87.2% for the NAP and PHE, respectively. The performance of the MOF in a binary adsorption system was also analyzed and the adsorption efficiency achieved was 97.7 and 96.9% for the NAP and PHE, respectively.
Geoheritage Values Assessment in Aring, Gua Musang, Kelantan
Authors: Sulaiman N , Udin W S , Shafiee N S , Ismail R 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The study conducted in the Aring area, with the latitude of 4° 51’ 00” N to 4° 58’ 17” N and longitude of 102° 19’ 24” E to 102° 24’ 40” E. Three geological formations existed in this area, namely the Aring Formation, Telong Formation and Koh Formation. The lithology of the Aring Formation includes volcanic rocks such as lapilli tuff, andesite, autobreccia. Other than volcanic, the Aring Formation also consists of limestone, sandstone, and shale. Roughly similar to Aring Formation, the Telong Formation in this area is comprised of Mudstone Unit I, which consists of mudstone, carbonaceous shale, sandstone and tuffaceous mudstone. Koh Formation, however, has quite distinguished lithology and only comprised of sedimentary rocks. The lithology includes conglomerate, sandstone, shale, chert and Mudstone Unit II; carbonaceous lime mudstone and mudstone. Six fossil phyla, namely Echinodermata, Brachiopoda, Cnidaria, Antropoda, Porifera, Mollusca and unidentified trace fossils, were observed in the study as strong evidence of the paleoenvironment of the Aring area. In terms of geoheritage, the fossil occurrences in Aring were determined as regionally significant and essential for that area’s regional geology. Fossil is not significant and rare or unique occurrences to classify the fossil occurrences as high rank for geoheritage value. The development of fossil sites over this area can be considered only for educational and scientific purposes. Although fossils were found to be diversely distributed in several locations at Aring, Gua Musang, Kelantan, the levels of significance and value of Total Heritage Value were not high enough to acknowledge the fossils in Aring as a geoheritage potential site.
Monitoring physiological and chemical response of lichen in free air CO2 enrichment (FACE) station
Authors: Abas A 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The elevation of CO2 will bring forth several effects on the plant’s growth especially the physiological traits and chemical responses. However, there is lacking knowledge on how the elevation on CO2 will affect lichen physiology and chemical response. Therefore, this study aims to study the physiological changes in lichen in FACE Station and to analyze the chemical profile changes of lichen in FACE Station. This study has been conducted in FACE Station at Jengka, Pahang. A total of 20 sampling trees have been selected and epiphytic lichen have been collected from the selected trees. In this study, there are three (3) sampling and experimental approaches;’) Sample collection from control and FACE station; 2) Analyzing sample in the laboratory (physiological and chemical response) and 3) statistical analysis (Mann-Whitney U test) will be used for testing the relationship between parameters and sampling areas. This study has found only three species of foliicolous lichen from both stations namely a) Byssoloma subdiscordans, b) Eugeniella micrommata and c) Sporopodium flavescens. For the photosynthetic cell efficiency test, the FV/FM ratio shows a significant difference for both stations where all of the three species from FACE Station have lower cell efficiency compare to the Control Station. At the other hand, for the membrane cell integrity analysis, no significant changes were found for the three species from both stations. In term of chemical response, there is no any significant difference on the secondary metabolite from any sample taken from both stations. This study urges that there is slight difference in term of lichen physiology from Face Station and Control Station. This proves that lichen responded towards CO2 elevation and effect their growth simultaneously. In bigger perspective, climate change and global warming will be affecting lichen diversity and growth.
Pondok community participation in sustainable solid waste management practices
Authors: Barudin N A , Abas M A , Hassin N H , Hambali K A , Karim M F A , Fitriani N , Yusoof M R M , Wee S T 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This study is focusing on Pondok community participation in a sustainable solid waste management programme. Besides that, the factors that influence Pondok community participation, such as knowledge and awareness, were explored. This study adopted a stratified sampling technique with 99 respondents from Pondok Pasir Tumboh, Kota Bharu, Kelantan were participating in this study. The data was processed SPSS software with descriptive and inferential analysis. This study revealed that Pondok community has excellent knowledge and awareness regarding sustainable solid waste management practices. However, the exercise of Pondok community in sustainable solid waste management is still moderate. Besides that, this study also found out that the different groups of age, marital status, and education level significantly influence Pondok community’s participation in sustainable solid waste management practices. The findings of this study are crucial in providing the preliminary data of Pondok community readiness and willingness to practice sustainable solid waste management like recycling and composting.
Society 5.0: Green Logistics Consciousness in Enlightening Environmental and Social Sustainability
Authors: Sidek S , Khadri N A M , Hasbolah H , Yaziz M F A , Rosli M M. , Husain N M 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Currently, there is growing attention towards improving sustainability, including the worldwide agenda in moving towards Society 5.0. Since the formulation of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the green logistics issue has been widely recognized as one crucial element to reducing environmental and social impact. Nevertheless, only a few studies in this area were established since the ignorance regarding this issue was immense globally, including in the Malaysian context. This paper intends to examine the relationship of organizational performance consciousness, economic performance consciousness, and environmental performance consciousness towards green logistics consciousness in enlightening environmental and social sustainability in the Malaysian situation. The data of 387 respondents throughout Malaysia were collected using a convenience survey sampling technique. This data was initially analyzed via descriptive, validity, reliability, and normality test using IBM SPSS Statistics. All hypotheses were analysed using the hierarchical regression analysis, which confirmed that organizational performance consciousness, economic performance consciousness, and environmental performance consciousness directly influence green logistics consciousness in Malaysia. This study is significant and crucial for business strategies formulation, predicting and assessing the potential environmental and social impacts of a proposed project, including evaluating alternatives, designing appropriate mitigation, management and monitoring measures via several entities such as government and policymakers.
Water usage for hygiene practices among Tanjong Malim, Perak community during Movement Control Order (MCO) due to Covid-19
Authors: Aweng E R , Siti Maryam M H , Sharifah Aisyah S O , Mohamad Zamzani I , Shukree HS 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, the Government of Malaysia, via the Ministry of Health and National Safety Council, has imposed the Movement Control Order (MCO). In that order, the Ministry of Health and National Safety Council has given best practices for personal hygiene during the outbreaks to ensure public health precaution among Malaysians. Thus, the objective of this study is to survey the personal hygiene practices among Tanjong Malim, Perak Community During Movement Control Order (MCO) Due to Covid-19. A survey technique with a set of questionnaires was used to collect the required data on 383 respondents. The data were collected using a cross-sectional descriptive study, and percentage were utilised to determine the level of association. The results show that most of Tanjong Malim community practice a good hand washing technique with a mean value of 4.36 and SD = 0.66. They are also practising good personal hygiene by taking a shower immediately after returning home from public places with a mean value of 4.05 and SD = 0.82. They also wash their clothes immediately after returning home from public places (mean value of 3.90, SD = 0.87). On the other hand, the practice of separating clothes during washing is also high, with a mean value of 3.95, SD = 0.93. The personal hygiene attitude, namely washing their hand before and after touching something inside and outside the house, is also high with a mean value of 4.55, SD = 0.7 and 4.67, SD = 0.5, respectively. It is found that, due to the Covid-19 pandemic crisis, most of the respondents wash their hands at least twice a day, with a majority of 5 to 7 times a day (51.2%), followed by twice to 4 times a day (21.1%) and more than ten times a day ( 9.9%). However, the practising shower for more than 15 minutes and more than three times per day was low, with a mean value of 2.44, SD = 1.32, and 2.48, SD = 0.98, respectively. Hopefully, the findings of this study can be used by authorities as a basis to craft new guidelines for hygienic practices during the virus pandemic outbreak.