bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A simplified method for the detection of convection using high-resolution imagery from GOES-16
Authors: Lee Yoonjin , Kummerow Christian D. , Zupanski Milija 
Published: May 2021

Abstract. The ability to detect convective regions and to add latent heating to drive convection is one of the most important additions to short-term forecast models such as National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA's) High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) model. Since radars are most directly related to precipitation and are available in high temporal resolution, their data are often used for both detecting convection and estimating latent heating. However, radar data are limited to land areas, largely in developed nations, and early convection is not detectable from radars until drops become large enough to produce significant echoes. Visible and infrared sensors on a geostationary satellite can provide data that are more sensitive to small droplets, but they also have shortcomings: their information is almost exclusively from the cloud top. Relatively new geostationary satellites, Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-16 and Satellite-17 (GOES-16 and GOES-17), along with Himawari-8, can make up for this lack of vertical information through the use of very high spatial and temporal resolutions, allowing better observation of bubbling features on
convective cloud tops. This study develops two algorithms to detect convection at vertically growing clouds and mature convective clouds using
1 min GOES-16 Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) data. Two case studies are used to explain the two methods, followed by results applied to 1 month of data over the contiguous United States. Vertically growing clouds in early stages are detected using decreases in brightness temperatures
over 10 min. For mature convective clouds which no longer show much of a decrease in brightness temperature, the lumpy texture from rapid
development can be observed using 1 min high spatial resolution reflectance data. The detection skills of the two methods are validated against
Multi-Radar/Multi-Sensor System (MRMS), a ground-based radar product. With the contingency table, results applying both methods to 1-month data
show a relatively low false alarm rate of 14.4 % but missed 54.7 % of convective clouds detected by the radar product. These convective
clouds were missed largely due to less lumpy texture, which is mostly caused by optically thick cloud shields above.
Los jueces frente al "coto vedado"
Authors: Gargarella Roberto 
Published: May 2021

En "Derechos y justicia procesal imperfecta", José Juan Moreso nos presenta valiosos argumentos relacionados con el debate acerca de cómo proteger los derechos fundamentales, y de cuál debe ser el rol de la justicia en el cumplimiento de esta función. Moreso se pregunta “¿Debemos delinear la estructura política de la sociedad de modo que al menos algunos de estos derechos fundamentales sean protegidos por un Bill of Rights?”; y además, “¿Qué rol, si es que alguno, deben tener los órganos jurisdiccionales en la protección de los derechos fundamentales establecidos en el Bill of Rights?”Obviamente, el debate en juego presupone, entre otras cosas, una difícil discusión filosófica acerca de la “existencia” de ciertos derechos fundamentales. En el marco de este escrito, de todos modos, no voy a ocuparme de tal cuestión. Me ocuparé, en cambio, de examinar las respuestas presentadas por el autor frente a preguntas como las arriba citadas.
Observaciones a "Inconstitucionalidad y derogación"
Authors: Schmill Ulises 
Published: May 2021

Los temas que se analizarán en esta réplica son los siguientes: 1. Presentaré mi propia versión y crítica de la “cláusula alternativa tácita”; 2. Defenderé la tesis de que la const-inconstitucionalidad no es algo “dado”, sino que debe estar establecida de manera positiva por un órgano jurídico; 3. Intentaré demostrar la imposibilidad de considerar que existen constinconstitucionalidades a priori; 4. Haré algunas observaciones críticas sobre los conceptos de norma y sistema jurídico; 5. Presentaré una posible reconstrucción teórica del orden jurídico, que será el fundamento para presentar los conceptos de la derogación y de la anulación condicionada; 6. Expondré la tesis de que la derrotabilidad es anulabilidad condicionada, entre otros motivos, por inconstitucionalidad; 7. Por último, expondré lo que en mi opinión es la omisión fundamental en el ensayo que se comenta, que es la relación esencial entre los conceptos de la regularidad y los de anulación y los sujetos que la establecen.
Algunos comentarios sobre la valoración de la prueba
Authors: Taruffo Michele 
Published: May 2021

Las contribuciones de Perfecto Andrés Ibáñez, de Marina Gascón Abellán y de Andrés Bouzat y Alejandro S. Cantaro convergen en buena medida con las tesis de fondo que he expuesto tanto en el artículo que es objeto de esta discusión como, de una manera más amplia y en profundidad, en otros escritos míos. Me enfrento, por tanto, más que a objeciones o críticas, a una serie de estimulantes reflexiones que me inducen a profundizar, y quizás también a aclarar, algunos aspectos de mi pensamiento. Para hacer esto me parece oportuno, con el fin de evitar repeticiones, no comentar detalladamente aquello que cada uno de los autores ha escrito, sino concentrar la atención sobre los problemas más importantes que han puesto de manifiesto.
Leones, lenguaje y derechos. Sobre la existencia de los derechos sociales (Réplica a Fernando Atria)
Authors: Cruz Parcero Juan Antonio 
Published: May 2021

Este comentario versará sobre la tesis de Atria según la cual la noción de derechos sociales es una contradicción en términos, afirmación que se basa en un análisis estructural de los derechos subjetivos. Presentaré mis comentarios a estas afirmaciones en cuatro puntos. El primero se centra en mostrar que el modelo modelo relacional simple en el que se basa Atria para explicar todo el lenguaje de los derechos, no es el único. En el segundo apartado hago una crítica a la noción de derecho subjetivo que Atria utiliza, y defiendo la necesidad de una noción que permita hacer la distinción entre “tener un derecho” y “tener una garantía”. En el tercer punto abordo el problema de la noción política de los derechos que sugiere Atria como alternativa; intento mostrar cómo su noción no supera las mismas críticas que él hace a la noción de derechos subjetivos, y sostengo la necesidad de distinguir entre un concepto moral, uno jurídico y otro político. En el último punto analizo cuáles son, en todo caso, algunos de los problemas que hay que atender en la traducción de los problemas sociales en términos de derechos y obligaciones.
Autonomía, democracia e igualdad
Authors: Aldao Martin 
Published: May 2021

En lo que sigue voy a explorar el potencial explicativo y normativo de la tesis de la argumentación autónoma de Jan Sieck-mann. Con ese propósito, en una primera parte se propone una reconstrucción de la tesis de la argumentación autónoma en el marco de una comprensión deliberativa de la democracia y una teoría no positivista del derecho. En la segunda parte se analizan dos procesos políticos constitucionales con el objetivo de probar el marco conceptual desarrollado en la primera parte.
A, B y C v. Irlanda : el derecho al aborto en Europa
Authors: Alvarez Silvina 
Published: May 2021

El artículo se centra en la última decisión del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos en materia de aborto. De acuerdo con el Tribunal, la legislación irlandesa sobre aborto entra dentro del margen de apreciación del Estado, y no hay discriminación ni quebrantamiento de derechos de la Convención. La decisión final estaría indicando que no basta la existencia de consenso europeo sobre la materia para oponerse a la regulación irlandesa sobre aborto y que haría falta ahondar en el alcance de los derechos comprometidos, tarea esta última que el Tribunal prefiere no emprender.
Los usos de los estándares de prueba: entre umbrales y prototipos
Authors: Coloma Correa Rodrigo 
Published: May 2021

Este texto analiza la estructura lógica y los usos de los estándares de prueba (EdP). En cuanto a lo primero, sostiene que los EdP admiten reconstruirse como umbrales o prototipos. En cuanto a lo segundo, indica que los EdP no solo se usan para distribuir falsos positivosy falsos negativos —como sostiene una posición bastante difundida— sino también, influyen en la cantidad de errores totales que produce el sistema de adjudicación, e incluso modelan la forma que adoptan los hechos probados. La operatividad de los EdP se ilustra con un ejercicio que muestra su condición tanto de prototipo como de umbral.
PENGARUH SAYAP TERHADAP PERKECAMBAHAN BENIH MAHONI (Swietenia macrophylla King) ASAL BKPH CIANJUR KPH CIANJUR
Authors: Hastuti Ika Nofi 
Published: May 2021

To produce a good quality Mahoni (Swietenia macrophylla King) tree, besides need a good sedds, also need a good source and a good treatment too.This research is interrelated with some test treatment, to get a good seedlings from the germination treatment , with saw the genetic expression from four treatment, the germination with full seeds, seeds with 50 % wings left, seeds with 25% wings left and seeds without wings.
The genetic expression from each treatment showed by plant physologize process durung the germination, by seeds germination percentage parameters, quick of seeds germination , fast of seeds growth and seeds germination values. This four parameters has been analysis with complete random model.
For quickest germination result is possessed by a seeds wihout wings, while fastest growth could be produced by a seeds with full wings.From the results of the analysis that each treatment showed a different genetic expression, seeds with 25% wings left have a high growth percentage and germination value than seeds without wings and seeds with full wings.But from all the treatment results, the best is possesessed by a seds with 25% wings left.

Keyword : Wings, Seeds, Germ Mahoni (Swietenia macrophylla King).
An Ayurvedic management of PCOD: A Review
Authors: Chikhalekar Supriya , Bansode Ramesh 
Published: May 2021

PCOD can be managed with Ayurvedic diet. Ovarian Syndrome is one of the most common female endocrine disorders affecting approximately 5% to 10% of women of reproductive age and is thought to be one of theleading causes of female sub-fertility. The symptoms of PCOS may begin in adolescence with menstrual irregularities, infertility, high levels of masculinising hormones, metabolic syndromes.In Ayurveda, this condition is not explained as a single disease, but can be under the headings of Yonivyapad and Artavadushti. In this study, elementary books of Ayurveda and modern were searched and analyzed for proper utilization in prevention and cure of PCOS. PCOS is an emerging problem among women leading to endocrine dysfunction.Treatment modalities aim at clearing obstruction in pelvis, treating Agnimandhya at Jatharagni,Dhatwagni level and alleviating Srotoavarodha and ultimately regularizing the Apana Vata. PCOD can be managed with Ayurvedic dietary management.
Internal and external treatment for Kushtha mentioned in Bhihattraye-A Review.
Authors: DESHMUKH PRIYANKA , Madhumati Nawkar , Kachare Prashant  P. 
Published: May 2021

kusththa disease is hard and chronic to treat so that kushtha considered as dushchikitsya.kushtha is tridoshatmak hence all types of treatment Shodhana, Shamana and Bahiparimarjana are useful in kushtha.The frequent Shodhana is necessary in kushtha.Acharya Sushruta in chikitsa 9/43 and Acharya Vagbhata in chikitsa 19/96 said Vamana once in fifteen days, Virechana once in month, Stravana once in six month and Nasya once in 3 days. According Brihattrayee after Shodhana treatment, Shamana and Bahiparimarjana treatment are useful in kushtha.Acharyas described abundant drugs used in kushtha chikitsa as Shodhana, Shamana and Bahiparimarjana. In the present study the drug regimen used for Shodhana, Shamana and Bahiparimarjana in kushtha and it's mode of actions in order to conduct sampraptibhnag is studied.
Analisis Pengelolaan Persampahan di Kota Pangkajene Kabupaten Pangkep
Authors: Boro Wona Grace 
Published: May 2021

Meningkatnya jumlah penduduk sangat mempengaruhi jumlah timbulan sampah. Banyaknya jumlah sampah tidak didukung dengan jumlah sarana dan prasarana pengelolaan sampah sehingga mengakibatkan permasalahan dalam pengelolaan sampah, seperti pengangkutan sampai pembuangan akhir sampah yang tidak terakomodir dengan baik sehingga menimbulkan penyakit, lingkungan kotor, mengurangi kapasitas tampung sungai dan sebagainya. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui cara pengelolaan sampah yang ada di kota Pangkajene dan menentukan kebutuhan infrastruktur untuk kegiatan operasional persampahan. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriftif kuantitatif yang memberikan gambaran mengenai cara pengelolaan persampahan di kota Pangkajene dan pengambilan data kuantitatif berupa timbulan, dan komposisi sampah. Menurut hasil penelitian jumlah keseluruhan sampah kota Pangkajene adalah 92,52 m3/hari. Rata-rata sampah yang dihasilkan adalah 2,06m3/hari/orang. Dari hasil perhitungan kebutuhan infastruktur persampahan maka diperoleh 900 buah, 46 unit gerobak,19 unit kontainer dan 4 unit truk setiap harinya. Dari hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa sistem pengelolaan sampah di kota Pangkajene perlu untuk ditingkatkan dari segi infrastruktur dan tingkat pelayanannya agar lebih memaksimalkan kegiatan operasional persampahan.
A conferência dos religiosos do Brasil:
Authors: Guedes Edson Claiton 
Published: May 2021

O texto é produto de pesquisa em andamento na Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC) e tem a intensão de apresentar alguns encaminhamentos levantados sobre a investigação proposta. Indagamos qual o papel da Conferência dos Religiosos do Brasil (CRB), suas estratégias de ação num cenário de mudanças políticas, sociais e econômicas ocorridas especialmente após a 2a guerra mundial. Tendo como pressuposto a reestruturação do catolicismo, nosso objetivo é entender de que maneira a CRB inseriu-se na proposta de um catolicismo social, gerada por uma militância católica engajada, tendo como contexto o Brasil dos anos de 1954 a 1978.
Leuk dat je als CEO de onderneming duurzaam wilt maken, maar niet ten koste van het rendement!
Authors: Jansen A.C. 
Published: May 2021

Leuk dat je als CEO de onderneming duurzaam wilt maken, maar niet ten koste van het rendement!
Met het aangekondigde vertrek van Emmanuel Faber, CEO van Danone, hebben twee activistische aandeelhouders hun zin gekregen die het niet eens waren met de gekozen (duurzame) strategie. In deze column wordt betoogd dat het belangrijk is dat in de zoektocht naar een eventuele hervorming van het vennootschapsrecht om duurzaam ondernemen aan te moedigen, oog te hebben voor het gehéle systeem van corporate governance, en met name de uitwerking van eventuele nieuwe wettelijke regelingen in de praktijk.
Les modalités essentielles d’une supervision clinique en contexte d’intervention comportementale intensive
Authors: Florigan Ménard Christine , Poirier Nathalie 
Published: May 2021

Les résultats présentés dans cet article proviennent de la banque de données d’une recherche exploratoire portant sur le processus de partenariat entre les parents, les éducatrices à la petite enfance et les intervenantes du CRDITED en contexte d’intervention comportementale intensive (ICI) offerte en milieu de garde éducatif auprès d’enfants présentant un trouble du spectre de l’autisme (TSA). L’analyse des données a fait ressortir l’importance des supervisions cliniques à titre de thème émergent et récurrent selon l’expérience des participants. L’objectif de cet article est d’explorer les modalités qui facilitent et qui nuisent à la mise en place et à l’efficacité des supervisions cliniques dans un contexte d’ICI offerte en milieu de garde éducatif auprès d’enfants ayant un TSA. Pour ce faire, 17 parents, 10 éducatrices et 20 intervenantes ont rempli une fiche signalétique et ont été interrogés lors de groupes de discussion ou d’entretiens individuels. Les données recueillies indiquent qu’aucun cadre ne régit le programme d’intervention au Québec et, par conséquent, la supervision clinique. Ainsi, une variabilité est observée quant à la fréquence des rencontres, en plus de souligner la difficulté pour les parents et les éducatrices de se libérer pour pouvoir participer à ces moments de discussion. Ces résultats occasionnent alors une difficulté importante à répondre au but ultime d’une ICI, soit la généralisation des apprentissages dans les milieux de vie de l’enfant. Pour tenter de remédier à cette problématique, des suggestions sont apportées par les participants pour améliorer la mise en place et l’efficacité des supervisions cliniques.
Deep learning prediction of mild cognitive impairment conversion to Alzheimer’s disease at 3 years after diagnosis using longitudinal and whole-brain 3D MRI
Authors: Ocasio Ethan , Duong Tim Q. 
Published: May 2021

Background
While there is no cure for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), early diagnosis and accurate prognosis of AD may enable or encourage lifestyle changes, neurocognitive enrichment, and interventions to slow the rate of cognitive decline. The goal of our study was to develop and evaluate a novel deep learning algorithm to predict mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to AD conversion at three years after diagnosis using longitudinal and whole-brain 3D MRI.

Methods
This retrospective study consisted of 320 normal cognition (NC), 554 MCI, and 237 AD patients. Longitudinal data include T1-weighted 3D MRI obtained at initial presentation with diagnosis of MCI and at 12-month follow up. Whole-brain 3D MRI volumes were used without a priori segmentation of regional structural volumes or cortical thicknesses. MRIs of the AD and NC cohort were used to train a deep learning classification model to obtain weights to be applied via transfer learning for prediction of MCI patient conversion to AD at three years post-diagnosis. Two (zero-shot and fine tuning) transfer learning methods were evaluated. Three different convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures (sequential, residual bottleneck, and wide residual) were compared. Data were split into 75% and 25% for training and testing, respectively, with 4-fold cross validation. Prediction accuracy was evaluated using balanced accuracy. Heatmaps were generated.

Results
The sequential convolutional approach yielded slightly better performance than the residual-based architecture, the zero-shot transfer learning approach yielded better performance than fine tuning, and CNN using longitudinal data performed better than CNN using a single timepoint MRI in predicting MCI conversion to AD. The best CNN model for predicting MCI conversion to AD at three years after diagnosis yielded a balanced accuracy of 0.793. Heatmaps of the prediction model showed regions most relevant to the network including the lateral ventricles, periventricular white matter and cortical gray matter.

Conclusions
This is the first convolutional neural network model using longitudinal and whole-brain 3D MRIs without extracting regional brain volumes or cortical thicknesses to predict future MCI to AD conversion at 3 years after diagnosis. This approach could lead to early prediction of patients who are likely to progress to AD and thus may lead to better management of the disease.
Psychometric properties of the Attitudes towards Medical Communication Scale in nursing students
Authors: Escribano Silvia , Juliá-Sanchis Rocío , García-Sanjuán Sofía , Congost-Maestre Nereida , Cabañero-Martínez María José 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundAdequate communication skills in healthcare professionals are one of the key elements required for achieving high-quality healthcare. Thus, measurement instruments able to assess the dimensions related to these skills, including attitudes towards communication, are useful and convenient tools.ObjectivesTo (a) cross-culturally adapt and validate a scale to measure attitudes towards communication in a sample of nursing students in the Spanish environment; (b) describe the perceived attitudes of nursing degree students towards communication.MethodsWe conducted an instrumental study. First, we adapted the scale by applying a standardised linguistic validation procedure. After that, we determined its structural equivalence and evaluated its psychometric properties.ParticipantsA total of 255 students participated; their average age was 22.66 years (SD= 4.75) and 82% were female.ResultsThe internal consistency of the scale was adequate (0.75), and the data fit well with the model (CFI = 0.99; TLI = 0.99; RMSEA = .01 95% CI [.00–.05]). The overall instrument score poorly correlated with the self-efficacy in communication skills variable.ConclusionsThe attitudes towards communication scores for these nursing students were high. The Spanish version of the Attitudes Towards Health Communication scale had adequate psychometric properties and this tool could quickly and easily be applied to assess the attitudes of health profession students.
Cuffless blood pressure estimation based on haemodynamic principles: progress towards mobile healthcare
Authors: Yamakoshi Takehiro , Rolfe Peter , Yamakoshi Ken-ichi 
Published: May 2021

Background
Although cuff-sphygmomanometry is used worldwide in medical and healthcare fields, it is a fact that the use of an occlusive cuff to obtain blood pressure (BP) is troublesome and inconvenient. There have therefore been on-going efforts to devise methods that do not require the use of a cuff, almost all being based on the measurement of pulse wave velocity or pulse transit time, but so far few significant developments have been made, especially regarding measurement accuracy. We have previously reported a smartphone-based cuffless method using a linear multiple regression calibration model comprising of BP obtained with a cuff-sphygmomanometer as an objective variable and modified normalized pulse volume (mNPV: a measure of vasoconstrictive activity in a finger) and pulse rate (PR) as explanatory variables. This requires a number of subjects to construct a calibration model and thus is largely dependent on the accuracy due to the model. To address these drawbacks, we report here a new cuffless method to surpass considerably the results of our previous study as well as earlier works.

Methods
With this method we can estimate BP, with much higher accuracy, using mNPV and PR, both also obtained from a smartphone-derived photoplethysmogram. The subject firstly performs a cuff-based BP measurement in parallel with the acquisition of mNPV and PR from a smartphone. These parameters are set as initial values (BPc0, mNPV0 and PR0; initial calibration procedure). Then, the estimated BP (BPe) can be calculated from the relation: “BPe = (BPc0·PR·mNPV)/(PR0·mNPV0)”, which is derived from the so-called haemodynamic Ohm’s law. To validate this method, preliminary experiments using 13 volunteers were carried out to compare results from the new method with those from the cuff-sphygmomanometry, used as a reference.

Results
Altogether 299 paired data sets were analyzed: A good agreement was found between the cuff-based and the estimated BP values, with correlation coefficients of 0.968 for systolic BP (SBP), 0.934 for mean BP (MBP) and 0.844 for diastolic BP (DBP). Bland-Altman analyses for the BPe (SBPe, MBPe, DBPe) and the BPc (SBPc, MBPc, DBPc) values also supported these comparison results. Mean absolute differences between the BPe and the BPc values in total subjects were less than 5 mmHg. Fairly good tracking availability in terms of time series data of the BPc against the corresponding BPe values was also confirmed in each subject during the study periods (1–2 weeks for 12 subjects and about 4 months for one subject).

Discussion
The present study reported the successful development of the new cuffless BP estimation method, given as the status of a trial stage of investigation. This method could easily be used with various smartphones, smart watches, and finger-based devices, and it appears to have significant potential as a convenient substitute for conventional cuff-sphygmomanometers as well as for practical application to mobile healthcare.