bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resistance to pydiflumetofen in Botrytis cinerea: risk assessment and detection of point mutations in sdh genes that confer resistance
Authors: Li Xiong , Gao Xuheng , Hu Shiping , Hao Xinchang , Li Guixiang , Chen Yue , Liu Zeqi , Li Yiwen , Miao Jianqiang , Gu Biao , Liu Xili 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDGray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea Pers. is one of the most significant airborne diseases. It can infest a wide range of crops, causing significant losses in yield and quality worldwide. Pydiflumetofen, a new generation succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI), is currently being registered in China to control gray mold in a variety of crops. The baseline sensitivity, resistance risk, and resistance mechanism of Botrytis cinerea to pydiflumetofen were assessed in this study.RESULTSA total of 138 strains of B. cinerea from 10 different regions were tested for their sensitivity to pydiflumetofen, and the mean EC50 value was 0.0056 μg mL−1. Eight mutants were obtained by fungicide adaption from five sensitive parental isolates, and the resistance factor (RF) ranged from 51 to 135. The mutants exhibited strong adaptive traits in conidial production, conidial germination, and pathogenicity. Positive cross‐resistance was only observed between other SDHIs (i.e. boscalid, fluopyram, and isopyrazam). Two different types of pydiflumetofen‐resistant mutants were identified: point mutation P225L in sdhB and double mutation G85A and I93V in sdhC. The in vivo control efficacy of pydiflumetofen on the resistant mutants carrying P225L in sdhB as well as G85A and I93V in sdhC was significantly decreased to 52.62% and 32.27%, respectively.CONCLUSIONThe fitness was significantly higher for all pydiflumetofen‐resistant mutants than the corresponding parental. Two types of point mutations, sdhB‐P225L and sdhC‐G85A and I93V, might confer resistance to pydiflumetofen in B. cinerea. A precautionary resistance management strategy should be implemented. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Estimating the treatment effect for adherers using multiple imputation
Authors: Luo Junxiang , Ruberg Stephen J. , Qu Yongming 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRandomized controlled trials are considered the gold standard to evaluate the treatment effect (estimand) for efficacy and safety. According to the recent International Council on Harmonization (ICH)‐E9 addendum (R1), intercurrent events (ICEs) need to be considered when defining an estimand, and principal stratum is one of the five strategies to handle ICEs. Qu et al. (2020, Statistics in Biopharmaceutical Research 12:1–18) proposed estimators for the adherer average causal effect (AdACE) for estimating the treatment difference for those who adhere to one or both treatments based on the causal‐inference framework, and demonstrated the consistency of those estimators; however, this method requires complex custom programming related to high‐dimensional numeric integrations. In this article, we implemented the AdACE estimators using multiple imputation (MI) and constructed confidence intervals (CIs) through bootstrapping. A simulation study showed that the MI‐based estimators provided consistent estimators with the nominal coverage probabilities of CIs for the treatment difference for the adherent populations of interest. As an illustrative example, the new method was applied to data from a real clinical trial comparing two types of basal insulin for patients with type 1 diabetes.
Inflammatory phenotype of osteoarthritis and its potential therapies
Authors: Cao Yumei , Tang Su'an , Ding Changhai 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionOsteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disorder in the world but there are no approved therapies to slow disease progression. Historically, OA has been considered a wear and tear joint disease and efforts to identify and develop disease modifying therapies have primarily focused on inhibiting cartilage degradation directly. However, increasing studies have suggested that inflammation is a key player of joint pathology in some OA patients and also a link between obesity and OA. Therefore, targeting inflammation in these patients could be a promising therapeutic strategy.Areas CoveredIn this review, we collate the latest evidence on the relationship between inflammation and OA which allows to propose the inflammatory phenotype of OA, and summarize major results of some emerging therapies targeting this phenotype in clinical trials which could implicate future directions for OA treatment.Expert OpinionThe authors believe early diagnosis, phenotyping OA patients and precise therapies would expedite the development of DMOADs targeting OA inflammatory phenotype. In the future, well‐designed clinical trials including appropriate subgroups or phenotypes of patients according to underlying causes and mechanisms of OA are expected for investigational therapies.
High diversity of siliceous sponges in Western Tethyan areas during the Eocene: palaeobiogeographical, ecological and taxonomic significance
Authors: Łukowiak Magdalena , Pisera Andrzej , Stefanska Tetiana , Stefanskyi Vadym 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPorifera is a clade of globally distributed, early diverging metazoans that are important components of modern aquatic environments. Despite the fact that they were also abundant in the geological past, their fossil record is uneven. For example, little is known about sponge communities that inhabited the Tethyan areas during the Cenozoic. Here, we record an abundant and taxonomically diverse assemblage of middle–late Eocene sponges from east‐central Ukraine. The material consists of preserved whole‐body specimens as well as disassociated spicules. The taxonomic composition of this new assemblage, supplemented with previously published data obtained from sponge materials originating from the middle and upper Eocene of the East European Platform, documents a surprisingly rich sponge community that inhabited shallow waters (depths of 100 m) and comprised at least 30 demosponge species, including two new taxa, Paratetilla milanek Łukowiak and Theonella alexandriae Łukowiak, three hexactinellids and a single homoscleromorph. Additionally, we report the first fossil occurrence of Vetulina, a demosponge genus that currently is found near the Philippines and Australia and in the Caribbean Sea. Some of the sponge taxa recognized were previously noted from the upper Eocene of Australia and New Zealand. This is indicative of their wide distribution during the early Cenozoic and also shows that a non‐interrupted connection existed between the western Tethyan and peri‐Australian areas, explaining the patchy distribution of some sponge taxa in modern seas.
Secure audio signal transmission based on color image watermarking
Authors: Dandooh Azza , S. El‐Fishawy Adel , E. Abd El‐Samie Fathi , Hemdan Ezz El‐Din 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a new color image watermarking system with encrypted audio signals using singular value decomposition (SVD), Arnold, and chaotic techniques for secure audio transmission over open channels. This system is based on embedding encrypted audio watermarks after transforming them into a 2‐D format in the singular values of the color cover image components. Three different audio watermarks are embedded in the three color image components after separating the cover image into its red, green and blue components. The three resulting watermarked components are merged again to produce the final color watermarked image. To maintain the audio signal quality, we estimate some audio signal quality metrics after converting the audio signal into a 1‐D format. The transformation from the 1‐D to 2‐D formats is performed through lexicographic ordering. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed system preserves the high quality of the RGB cover image. In addition, the audio watermark extraction and decryption are possible, even in the presence of attacks. Furthermore, the results show an enhancement in the watermark detectability in the presence of severe attacks, such as rotation, blurring, cropping, histogram equalization, and noise addition to the watermarked images.
Spectral theory of approximate lattices in nilpotent Lie groups
Authors: Björklund Michael , Hartnick Tobias 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe consider approximate lattices in nilpotent Lie groups. With every such approximate lattice one can associate a hull dynamical system and, to every invariant measure of this system, a corresponding unitary representation. Our results concern both the spectral theory of the representation and the topological dynamics of the system. On the spectral side we construct explicit eigenfunctions for a large collection of central characters using weighted periodization against a twisted fiber density function. We construct this density function by establishing a parametric version of the Bombieri–Taylor conjecture and apply our results to locate high-intensity Bragg peaks in the central diffraction of an approximate lattice. On the topological side we show that under some mild regularity conditions the hull of an approximate lattice admits a sequence of continuous horizontal factors, where the final horizontal factor is abelian and each intermediate factor corresponds to a central extension. We apply this to extend theorems of Meyer and Dani–Navada concerning number-theoretic properties of Meyer sets to the nilpotent setting.
Toxicity of Tire Rubber Microplastics to Freshwater Sediment Organisms
Authors: Carrasco-Navarro Victor , Nuutinen Aino , Sorvari Jouni , Kukkonen Jussi V. K. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHigh emission of tire rubber particles to the surrounding environment is an inevitable consequence of the current habits of transportation. Although most of the emissions stay within a close range of the sources, it has been proven that the smallest particles can be transported to remote locations through the atmosphere, including inland water bodies. It has been estimated that a relevant portion of the global emissions of tire rubber particles reach surface waters, but effects on aquatic life in the receiving water bodies are not completely understood. In the present study, we used the freshwater sediment dwellers Lumbriculus variegatus and Chironomus riparius to examine the toxicity of tire rubber particles at environmentally relevant concentrations, using different types of sediment and two particle sizes of tire rubber. Overall, the experiments were unable to discern any effects on the growth, survival or reproduction of the two animals tested. Significant differences were found among the animals dwelling on different sediments, but the effects were not attributable to the presence of tire rubber particles. This study provides important information regarding the lack of effect of tire rubber particles in laboratory experiments with model sediment dwellers and opens more questions about the potential effects of tire rubber particles in the real environment with longer durations and varying environmental factors. The influence of other factors such as the leaching of additives in the overall toxicity of tire rubber particles should be also considered.
A Bijection for the Boolean Numbers of Ferrers Graphs
Authors: Bényi Beáta 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this note we prove a new characterization of the derangement sets of Ferrers graphs and present a bijection between the derangement sets and $$F_{\lambda }$$

F
λ

-Callan sequences. In particular, this connection reveals that the boolean numbers of the complete bipartite graphs are the D-relatives of poly-Bernoulli numbers.
Bryosphere Loss Impairs Litter Decomposition Consistently Across Moss Species, Litter Types, and Micro-Arthropod Abundance
Authors: Grau-Andrés Roger , Wardle David A. , Kardol Paul 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe bryosphere (that is, ground mosses and their associated biota) is a key driver of nutrient and carbon dynamics in many terrestrial ecosystems, in part because it regulates litter decomposition. However, we have a poor understanding of how litter decomposition responds to changes in the bryosphere, including changes in bryosphere cover, moss species, and bryosphere-associated biota. Specifically, the contribution of micro-arthropods to litter decomposition in the bryosphere is unclear. Here, we used a 16-month litterbag field experiment in two boreal forests to investigate bryosphere effects on litter decomposition rates among two moss species (Pleurozium schreberi and Hylocomium splendens), and two litter types (higher-quality Betula pendula litter and lower-quality P. schreberi litter). Additionally, we counted all micro-arthropods in the litterbags and identified them to functional groups. We found that bryosphere removal reduced litter decomposition rates by 28% and micro-arthropod abundance by 29% and led to a colder micro-climate. Litter decomposition rates and micro-arthropod abundance were uncorrelated overall, but were positively correlated in B. pendula litterbags. Bryosphere effects on litter decomposition rates were consistent across moss species, litter types, and micro-arthropod abundances and community compositions. These findings suggest that micro-arthropods play a minor role in litter decomposition in the boreal forest floor, suggesting that other factors (for example, micro-climate, nutrient availability) likely drive the positive effect of the bryosphere on decomposition rates. Our results point to a substantial and consistent impairment of litter decomposition in response to loss of moss cover, which could have important implications for nutrient and carbon cycling in moss-dominated ecosystems.
Comprehensive Analysis of Aldehyde Dehydrogenases (ALDHs) and Its Significant Role in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Yao Senbang , Chen Wenjun , Zuo He , Bi Ziran , Zhang Xiuqing , Pang Lulian , Jing Yanyan , Yin Xiangxiang , Cheng Huaidong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOxidative DNA damage is closely related to the occurrence and progression of cancer. Oxidative stress plays an important role in alcohol-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) is a family of enzymes that plays an essential role in the reducing oxidative damage. However, how ALDHs family affects alcohol-related HCC remains obscure. We aimed to explore the correlation between the differential expression of ALDHs in patients with HCC and pathological features, as well as the relationship between ALDHs and prognosis, and finally analyze the possible mechanism of ALDHs in targeted therapy of HCC. The data of HCC were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. This research explored the expression and prognostic values of ALDHs in HCC using Oncomine, UALCAN, Human Protein Atlas, cBioPortal, Kaplan–Meier plotter, GeneMANIA, Tumor Immune Estimation Resource, GEPIA databases, and WebGestalt. Low mRNA and protein expressions of ALDHs were found to be significantly associated with tumor grade and clinical cancer stages in HCC patients. In particular, the loss of ALDH expression is more obvious in Asians, and its effect on prognosis is far more significant than that in the White race. Our findings play an important role in the study of prognostic markers and anti-liver cancer therapeutic targets for the members of the ALDHs family, especially in patients with liver cancer in Asia.
Studies on electrochemical dissolution of sintered molybdenum discs as a potential method for targets dissolution in 99mTc production
Authors: Cieszykowska Izabela , Jerzyk Katarzyna , Żółtowska Małgorzata , Janiak Tomasz , Birnbaum Grażyna 
Published: December 2021

AbstractElectrochemical dissolution of pressed into discs and sintered metallic molybdenum powder with the mass of 712 ± 10 mg (n = 15) in potassium hydroxide solution was studied in detail. The technique was considered to apply for dissolution of irradiated100Mo target in the99mTc production. The effect of various parameters, e.g., the concentration of the electrolyte solution, temperature, current density, and surface area of the platinum cathode, was investigated. The shortest time for total dissolution of molybdenum target was 70 min. This result was achieved using an electrolyte solution of 5 M KOH, temperature 55 °C and the current density of 365 mA/cm2.
Geometrical, electrical, and energetic parameters of hetero-disubstituted cumulenes and polyynes in the presence and absence of the external electric field
Authors: Sadlej-Sosnowska Nina , Ocios-Bębenek Agnieszka , Dobrowolski Jan Cz. , Boczar Dariusz 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCumulenes and polyynes have the potential to be applied as linear, sp-hybridized, one-dimensional all-carbon nanowires in molecular electronics and optoelectronics. The delocalization and conductivity descriptors of the two π-conjugated systems, heterodisubstituted with the NO2, CN, NH2, and OH groups, were studied using the B3LYP, B3LYP/D3, CAM-B3LYP, and ωB97XD DFT functionals, combined with the aug-cc-pVTZ basis set. Three independent types of molecular descriptors, based on geometry (the HOMA index), electrical properties (trace of the polarizability tensor), and energetic (the HOMO-LUMO energy gap) were shown to be mutually correlated and provided concordant indication that communication through the cumulene chain was considerably better than through the polyyne one. The communication can be tuned by using substituents of significantly different π-electron donor-acceptor properties as well as by the external electric field directed along the carbon chain.
VR-based training of craniotomy for intracranial aneurysm surgery
Authors: Allgaier Mareen , Amini Amir , Neyazi Belal , Sandalcioglu I. Erol , Preim Bernhard , Saalfeld Sylvia 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Intracranial aneurysms can be treated micro-surgically. This procedure involves an appropriate head position of the patient and a proper craniotomy. These steps enable a proper access, facilitating the subsequent steps. To train the access planning process, we propose a VR-based training system.

Method
We designed and implemented an immersive VR access simulation, where the user is surrounded by a virtual operating room, including medical equipment and virtual staff. The patient’s head can be positioned via hand rotation and an arbitrary craniotomy contour can be drawn. The chosen access can be evaluated by exposing the aneurysm using a microscopic view.

Results
The evaluation of the simulation took place in three stages: testing the simulation using the think-aloud method, conducting a survey and examining the precision of drawing the contour. Although there are differences between the virtual interactions and their counterparts in reality, the participants liked the immersion and felt present in the operating room. The calculated surface dice similarity coefficient, Hausdorff distance and feedback of the participants show that the difficulty of drawing the craniotomy is appropriate.

Conclusion
The presented training simulation for head positioning and access planning benefits from the immersive environment. Thus, it is an appropriate training for novice neurosurgeons and medical students with the goal to improve anatomical understanding and to become aware of the importance of the right craniotomy hole.
Automated major psoas muscle volumetry in computed tomography using machine learning algorithms
Authors: Duong Felix , Gadermayr Michael , Merhof Dorit , Kuhl Christiane , Bruners Philipp , Loosen Sven H. , Roderburg Christoph , Truhn Daniel , Schulze-Hagen Maximilian F. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The psoas major muscle (PMM) volume serves as an opportunistic imaging marker in cross-sectional imaging datasets for various clinical applications. Since manual segmentation is time consuming, two different automated segmentation methods, a generative adversarial network architecture (GAN) and a multi-atlas segmentation (MAS), as well as a combined approach of both, were investigated in terms of accuracy of automated volumetrics in given CT datasets.

Materials and methods
The bilateral PMM was manually segmented by a radiologist in 34 abdominal CT scans, resulting in 68 single 3D muscle segmentations as training data. Three different methods were tested for their ability to generate automated image segmentations: a GAN- and MAS-based approach and a combined approach of both methods (COM). Bilateral PMM volume (PMMV) was calculated in cm3 by each algorithm for every CT. Results were compared to the corresponding ground truth using the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), Spearman’s correlation coefficient and Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

Results
Mean PMMV was 239 ± 7.0 cm3 and 308 ± 9.6 cm3, 306 ± 9.5 cm3 and 243 ± 7.3 cm3 for the CNN, MAS and COM, respectively. Compared to the ground truth the CNN and MAS overestimated the PMMV significantly (+ 28.9% and + 28.0%, p < 0.001), while results of the COM were quite accurate (+ 0.7%, p = 0.33). Spearman’s correlation coefficients were 0.38, 0.62 and 0.73, and the DSCs were 0.75 [95%CI: 0.56–0.88], 0.73 [95%CI: 0.54–0.85] and 0.82 [95%CI: 0.65–0.90] for the CNN, MAS and COM, respectively.

Conclusion
The combined approach was able to efficiently exploit the advantages of both methods (GAN and MAS), resulting in a significantly higher accuracy in PMMV predictions compared to the isolated implementations of both methods. Even with the relatively small set of training data, the segmentation accuracy of this hybrid approach was relatively close to that of the radiologist.
Ethical, Legal and Social Issues of Digital Phenotyping as a Future Solution for Present-Day Challenges: A Scoping Review
Authors: Tomičić Ana , Malešević Anamaria , Čartolovni Anto 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDigital phenotyping represents an avenue of consideration in patients' self-management. This scoping review aims to explore the trends in the body of literature on ethical, legal, and social challenges relevant to the implementation of digital phenotyping technologies in healthcare. The study followed the PRISMA-ScR methodology (Tricco et al. in Ann Int Med 169(7):467–473, 2018.https://doi.org/10.7326/M18-0850). The review systematically identified relevant literature, characterised the discussed technology, explored its impacts and the proposed solutions to identified challenges. Overall, the literature, perhaps unsurprisingly, concentrates on technical rather than ethical, legal, and social perspectives, which limits understanding of the more complex cultural and social factors in which digital phenotyping technologies are embedded. ELS issues mostly concern privacy, security, consent, lack of regulation, and issues of adoptability, and seldom expand to more complex ethical issues. Trust was chosen as an umbrella theme of a continuum of major ELS and technical issues. Sustained critical analysis of digital phenotyping showed to be sparse and geographically exclusive. There is a continuum and overlap between ELS issues, suggesting the need for a holistic, interdisciplinary approach to each of the challenges posed by the various technologies of digital phenotyping.