bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of asbestosis, mesothelioma, other lung disease or death among motor vehicle mechanics: a 45-year Danish cohort study
Authors: Thomsen Reimar Wernich , Riis Anders Hammerich , Flachs Esben Meulengracht , Garabrant David H , Bonde Jens Peter Ellekilde , Sørensen Henrik Toft 
Published: July 2021

IntroductionThe risk of asbestosis, malignant mesothelioma and lung cancer among motor vehicle mechanics is of concern because of potential exposure to chrysotile asbestos during brake, clutch and gasket repair and maintenance. Asbestos has also been used in insulation and exhaust systems.MethodsWe examined the long-term risk of incident mesothelioma, lung cancer, asbestosis and other lung diseases and mortality due to mesothelioma, lung cancer, asbestosis and other lung diseases in a nationwide cohort of all men registered as motor vehicle mechanics since 1970 in Denmark. This was compared with the corresponding risk in a cohort of male workers matched 10:1 by age and calendar year, with similar socioeconomic status (instrument makers, dairymen, upholsterers, glaziers, butchers, bakers, drivers, farmers and workers in the food industry, trade or public services).ResultsOur study included 138 559 motor vehicle mechanics (median age 24 years; median follow-up 20 years (maximum 45 years)) and 1 385 590 comparison workers (median age 25 years; median follow-up 19 years (maximum 45 years)). Compared with other workers, vehicle mechanics had a lower risk of morbidity due to mesothelioma/pleural cancer (n=47 cases) (age-adjusted and calendar-year-adjusted HR=0.74 (95% CI 0.55 to 0.99)), a slightly increased risk of lung cancer (HR=1.09 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.14)), increased risk of asbestosis (HR=1.50 (95% CI 1.10 to 2.03)) and a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease risk close to unity (HR=1.02 (95% CI 0.99 to 1.05)). Corresponding HRs for mortality were 0.86 (95% CI 0.64 to 1.15) for mesothelioma/pleural cancer, 1.06 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.12) for lung cancer, 1.79 (95% CI 1.10 to 2.92) for asbestosis, 1.06 (95% CI 0.86 to 1.30) for other lung diseases caused by external agents and 1.00 (95% CI 0.98 to 1.01) for death due to all causes.ConclusionsWe found that the risk of asbestosis was increased among vehicle mechanics. The risk of malignant mesothelioma/pleural cancers was not increased among vehicle mechanics.
Seasonal residency, activity space, and use of deep-water channels by Greenland sharks (Somniosus microcephalus) in an Arctic fjord system
Authors: Edwards Jena E. , Hedges Kevin J. , Hussey Nigel E. 
Published: July 2021

As Arctic ecosystems become increasingly vulnerable to climate- and human-induced stressors, effective marine management will rely on the characterization of fish movements. Over a six-year study period, the movements of 65 Greenland sharks (Somniosus microcephalus) (41 males, 24 females; mean LT = 2.48 ± 0.50 m) were monitored using static acoustic telemetry. Shark presence in a typical deep-water fjord was restricted to the summer open-water period. Residency duration varied based on age class (juvenile, n = 17; subadult, n = 48); however, activity space size and extent were comparable. A quarter of tagged sharks (n = 16) returned to the system in subsequent years after tagging, with individuals redetected for a maximum of 4 years. Movements between coastal and offshore waters occurred primarily via a deep-water channel with sharks detected along the channel banks. These multiyear data depict how a potentially vulnerable Arctic predator utilizes a deep-water fjord in the context of the regional development of community inshore and offshore commercial fisheries.
Artificial neural network spectral light curve template for type Ia supernovae and its cosmological constraints
Authors: Cheng Qiao-Bin , Feng Chao-Jun , Zhai Xiang-Hua , Li Xin-Zhou 
Published: July 2021

The spectral energy distribution (SED) sequence for type Ia supernovae (SN Ia) is modeled by an artificial neural network. The SN Ia luminosity is characterized as a function of phase, wavelength, a color parameter and a decline rate parameter. After training and testing the neural network, the SED sequence could give both the spectrum with wavelength range from 3000 Åto 8000 Åand the light curve with phase from 20 days before to 50 days after the maximum luminosity for the supernovae with different colors and decline rates. Therefore, we call this the Artificial Neural Network Spectral Light Curve Template (ANNSLCT) model. We retrain the Joint Light-curve Analysis (JLA) supernova sample by using the ANNSLCT model and obtain the parameters for each supernova to make a constraint on the cosmological [Formula: see text]CDM model. We find that the best fitting values of these parameters are very close to those from the JLA sample trained with the Spectral Adaptive Lightcurve Template 2 (SALT2) model. It is expectable that the ANNSLCT model has potential to analyze more SN Ia multi-color light curves measured in future observation projects.
Metron
Authors: Katsikas Georgios P. , Barbette Tom , Kostić Dejan , Maguire JR. Gerald Q. , Steinert Rebecca 
Published: July 2021

Deployment of 100Gigabit Ethernet (GbE) links challenges the packet processing limits of commodity hardware used for Network Functions Virtualization (NFV). Moreover, realizing chained network functions (i.e., service chains) necessitates the use of multiple CPU cores, or even multiple servers, to process packets from such high speed links.

Our system Metron jointly exploits the underlying network and commodity servers’ resources: (
i
) to offload part of the packet processing logic to the network, (
ii
) by using smart tagging to setup and exploit the affinity of traffic classes, and (
iii
) by using tag-based hardware dispatching to carry out the remaining packet processing at the speed of the servers’ cores, with
zero
inter-core communication. Moreover, Metron transparently integrates, manages, and load balances proprietary “blackboxes” together with Metron service chains.

Metron realizes stateful network functions at the speed of 100GbE network cards on a single server, while elastically and rapidly adapting to changing workload volumes. Our experiments demonstrate that Metron service chains can coexist with heterogeneous blackboxes, while still leveraging Metron’s accurate dispatching and load balancing. In summary, Metron has (
i
) 2.75–8× better efficiency, up to (
ii
) 4.7× lower latency, and (
iii
) 7.8× higher throughput than OpenBox, a state-of-the-art NFV system.
Pharmacokinetics and Tissue Distribution of Combined Triptolide and Paeoniflorin Regimen for Percutaneous Administration in Rats Assessed by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Guan Yong-mei , Shen Qian , He Liang-fei , Chen Li-mei , Zang Zhenzhong , Liu Lili , Zhu Wei-feng , Li-hua Chen , Liu Hong-ning 
Published: July 2021

Triptolide (TP) has shown potential in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment, but the narrow therapeutic window limits its clinical application. In clinical practice, the compatibility of Tripterygium wilfordii and Paeonia lactiflora is often used to attenuate the toxicity of TP, but its compatibility mechanism has not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of a combined regimen of TP and paeoniflorin (PF) after transdermal administration in male and female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats via a rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method. The results showed that after percutaneous administration of TP and PF, there was no significant difference in AUC (0-t) (area under the curve) of TP, the peak concentration decreased by 58.17%, and the peak time was delayed. The AUC (0-t) of PF increased significantly (

P

< 0.01), the peak-reaching concentration and AUC (0-∞) increased, and the half-life and average retention time were shortened, indicating that TP absorption in rats may be delayed. After percutaneous administration of TP and PF, the content of TP in the heart, liver, spleen, lungs, and kidneys of male rats significantly decreased at 2 h (

P

< 0.05) and the drug concentration in the liver tissues significantly decreased at 2 h, 4 h, and 8 h (

P

< 0.05). The TP content in the spleen of female rats significantly decreased at 2 h and 4 h (

P

< 0.05) and also decreased in other tissues, but not significantly. After percutaneous administration of TP and PF, the PF content in the heart, liver, spleen, lungs, and kidneys of male and female rats had no significant difference. However, after percutaneous administration of TP and PF, the TP concentration in the skin increased, suggesting that the amount of TP retained in the skin increased, thereby reducing its content in blood and tissues, producing a reduction in toxicity effect.
Impact of Race, Ethnicity, and Socioeconomic Status over Time on the Long-term Survival of Adolescent and Young Adult Hodgkin Lymphoma Survivors
Authors: Berkman Amy M. , Andersen Clark R. , Puthenpura Vidya , Livingston J. Andrew , Ahmed Sairah , Cuglievan Branko , Hildebrandt Michelle A.T. , Roth Michael E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground:Although there are growing numbers of adolescent and young adult (AYA) Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) survivors, long-term overall survival (OS) patterns and disparities in this population are underreported. The aim of the current study was to assess the impact of race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status (SES), rurality, diagnosis age, sex, and HL stage over time on long-term survival in AYA HL survivors.Methods:The authors used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry to identify survivors of HL diagnosed as AYAs (ages 15–39 years) between the years 1980 and 2009 and who were alive 5 years after diagnosis. An accelerated failure time model was used to estimate survival over time and compare survival between groups.Results:There were 15,899 5-year survivors of AYA HL identified, with a median follow-up of 14.4 years and range up to 33.9 years from diagnosis. Non-Hispanic black survivors had inferior survival compared with non-Hispanic white survivors [survival time ratio (STR): 0.71, P = 0.002]. Male survivors, older age at diagnosis, those diagnosed at higher stages, and those living in areas of higher SES deprivation had unfavorable long-term survival. There was no evidence of racial or sex-based survival disparities changing over time.Conclusions:Racial, SES, and sex-based disparities persist well into survivorship among AYA HL survivors.Impact:Disparities in long-term survival among AYA HL survivors show no evidence of improving over time. Studies investigating specific factors associated with survival disparities are needed to identify opportunities for intervention.
Incidence and Mortality of Cancers of the Biliary Tract, Gallbladder, and Liver by Sex, Age, Race/Ethnicity, and Stage at Diagnosis: United States, 2013 to 2017
Authors: Ellington Taylor D. , Momin Behnoosh , Wilson Reda J. , Henley S. Jane , Wu Manxia , Ryerson A. Blythe 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background:
Few population-based studies have examined incidence and mortality of cancers of the biliary tract, including intrahepatic bile duct, extrahepatic bile duct, ampulla of Vater, and overlapping or other lesions of the biliary tract in one study.

Methods:
To further the understanding of recent rates of biliary tract cancers, we used population-based data, to examine incidence and mortality during 2013 to 2017. We examined how rates varied by sex, age, race/ethnicity, U.S. census region, and stage at diagnosis.

Results:
Intrahepatic bile duct was the most common biliary tract cancer, with an incidence rate of 1.49 per 100,000 persons. Cancer incidence rates per 100,000 persons were 0.96 for extrahepatic bile duct, 0.45 for ampulla of Vater, and 0.24 for overlapping or other lesions of the biliary tract. Cancer death rates per 100,000 persons were 1.66 for intrahepatic bile duct and 0.45 for other biliary tract. Intrahepatic bile duct incidence and death rates were higher among males than females, higher among Hispanic and Asian and Pacific Islander persons compared with non-Hispanic Whites, and higher in the Northeast and in urban counties.

Conclusions:
This report provides national estimates of these rare biliary tract cancers.

Impact:
Key interventions targeted to high-risk populations may help reduce incidence and mortality of cancers of the biliary tract by improving primary prevention through strategies to reduce tobacco and alcohol use, control overweight and obesity, and promote hepatitis B vaccination and use of syringe service programs meant to curb the transmission of infectious diseases such as viral hepatitis.
Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies a Functional
SIDT2
Variant Associated With HDL-C (High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol) Levels and Premature Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: León-Mimila Paola , Villamil-Ramírez Hugo , Macías-Kauffer Luis R. , Jacobo-Albavera Leonor , López-Contreras Blanca E. , Posadas-Sánchez Rosalinda , Posadas-Romero Carlos , Romero-Hidalgo Sandra , Morán-Ramos Sofía , Domínguez-Pérez Mayra , Olivares-Arevalo Marisol , López-Montoya Priscilla , Nieto-Guerra Roberto , Acuña-Alonzo Víctor , Macín-Pérez Gastón , Barquera-Lozano Rodrigo , Del-Río-Navarro Blanca E. , González-González Israel , Campos-Pérez Francisco , Gómez-Pérez Francisco , Valdés Victor J. , Sampieri Alicia , Reyes-García Juan G. , Carrasco-Portugal Miriam del C. , Flores-Murrieta Francisco J. , Aguilar-Salinas Carlos A. , Vargas-Alarcón Gilberto , Shih Diana , Meikle Peter J. , Calkin Anna C. , Drew Brian G. , Vaca Luis , Lusis Aldons J. , Huertas-Vazquez Adriana , Villarreal-Molina Teresa , Canizales-Quinteros Samuel 
Published: July 2021

Objective:
Low HDL-C (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) is the most frequent dyslipidemia in Mexicans, but few studies have examined the underlying genetic basis. Our purpose was to identify genetic variants associated with HDL-C levels and cardiovascular risk in the Mexican population.

Approach and Results:

A genome-wide association studies for HDL-C levels in 2335 Mexicans, identified four loci associated with genome-wide significance:
CETP
,
ABCA1
,
LIPC
, and
SIDT2
. The
SIDT2
missense Val636Ile variant was associated with HDL-C levels and was replicated in 3 independent cohorts (
P
=5.9×10
−18
in the conjoint analysis). The
SIDT2
/Val636Ile variant is more frequent in Native American and derived populations than in other ethnic groups. This variant was also associated with increased ApoA1 and glycerophospholipid serum levels, decreased LDL-C (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) and ApoB levels, and a lower risk of premature CAD. Because SIDT2 was previously identified as a protein involved in sterol transport, we tested whether the SIDT2/Ile636 protein affected this function using an in vitro site-directed mutagenesis approach. The SIDT2/Ile636 protein showed increased uptake of the cholesterol analog dehydroergosterol, suggesting this variant affects function. Finally, liver transcriptome data from humans and the Hybrid Mouse Diversity Panel are consistent with the involvement of
SIDT2
in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism.

Conclusions:

This is the first genome-wide association study for HDL-C levels seeking associations with coronary artery disease in the Mexican population. Our findings provide new insight into the genetic architecture of HDL-C and highlight
SIDT2
as a new player in cholesterol and lipoprotein metabolism in humans.
Glucose Derivative Induced Vasculopathy in Children on Chronic Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: Bartosova Maria , Zhang Conghui , Schaefer Betti , Herzog Rebecca , Ridinger David , Damgov Ivan , Levai Eszter , Marinovic Iva , Eckert Christoph , Romero Philipp , Sallay Peter , Ujszaszi Akos , Unterwurzacher Markus , Wagner Anja , Hildenbrand Georg , Warady Bradley A. , Schaefer Franz , Zarogiannis Sotirios G. , Kratochwill Klaus , Schmitt Claus Peter 
Published: July 2021

Rationale:
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have an exceedingly high cardiovascular risk; which further increases in patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD). The pathophysiological role of reactive metabolites accumulating in CKD such as glucose degradation products (GDP) is uncertain.

Objective:
Delineating the impact of GDP present in PD fluids in accelerated vasculopathy development in patients with CKD.

Methods and Results:
Omental and parietal peritoneal tissues were obtained from 107 children with CKD before dialysis and 90 children on chronic PD with PD fluids containing very low or high concentrations of GDP. Omental arterioles, protected from local PD fluid exposure by surrounding fat, were microdissected for multiomics analyses. High-GDP exposed omental arterioles exhibited 3-fold higher advanced glycation endproduct concentrations and upregulated genes involved in cell death/apoptosis and suppressed genes related to cell viability/survival, cytoskeleton organization, and immune response biofunctions. Vasculopathy-associated canonical pathways concordantly regulated on gene and protein level with high-GDP exposure included cell death/proliferation, apoptosis, cytoskeleton organization, metabolism and detoxification, cell junction signaling, and immune response. Parietal peritoneal arterioles of patients exposed to high-GDP fluids exhibited lumen narrowing compared to patients with CKD stage 5 (end-stage kidney disease) and patients on low-GDP PD, intima thickness was increased. Protein quantification verified increased proapoptotic activity and cytoskeleton disintegration, single-molecule-localization microscopy demonstrated arteriolar endothelial ZO-1 (zonula occludens-1) disruption. Absolute and per endoluminal surface length, arteriolar endothelial cell counts inversely correlated with GDP exposure, caspase-3, TGF (transforming growth factor)-β–induced pSMAD2/3 (phosphorylated SMAD2/3), interleukin-6, ZO-1 abundance, and lumen narrowing. In vitro, 3,4-dideoxyglucosone-3-ene reduced lamin-A/C and membrane ZO-1 assembly, increased pSMAD2/3, and ionic and 4 and 10 kDa permeability of arterial endothelial cells.

Conclusions:
Our findings indicate a fundamental role of GDP in PD-associated vasculopathy, exerted by endothelial cell junction and cytoskeleton disruption, and induction of apoptosis. They should redirect the focus of research and intervention on targeting reactive metabolite overload in CKD and PD.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT01893710.
Economic Impact of Poststroke Delirium and Associated Risk Factors
Authors: Zipser Carl Moritz , Deuel Jeremy Werner , Held Jeremia Philipp Oskar , Ernst Jutta , Schubert Maria , Weller Michael , Luft Andreas Rüdiger , von Känel Roland , Boettger Soenke 
Published: July 2021

Background and Purpose:
Delirium is a common severe complication of stroke. We aimed to determine the cost-of-illness and risk factors of poststroke delirium (PSD).

Methods:
This prospective single-center study included n=567 patients with acute stroke from a hospital-wide delirium cohort study and the Swiss Stroke Registry in 2014. Delirium was determined by Delirium Observation Screening Scale or Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist 3 times daily during the first 3 days of admission. Costs reflected the case-mix index and diagnosis-related groups from 2014 and were divided into nursing, physician, and total costs. Factors associated with PSD were assessed with multiple regression analysis. Partial correlations and quantile regression were performed to assess costs and other factors associated with PSD.

Results:

The incidence of PSD was 39.0% (221/567). Patients with delirium were older than non-PSD (median 76 versus 70 years;
P
<0.001), 52% male (115/221) versus 62% non-PSD (214/346) and hospitalized longer (mean 11.5 versus 9.3 days;
P
<0.001). Dementia was the most relevant predisposing factor for PSD (odds ratio, 16.02 [2.83–90.69],
P
=0.002). Moderate to severe stroke (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score 16–20) was the most relevant precipitating factor (odds ratio, 36.10 [8.15–159.79],
P
<0.001). PSD was a strong predictor for 3-month mortality (odds ratio, 15.11 [3.33–68.53],
P
<0.001). Nursing and total costs were nearly twice as high in PSD (
P
<0.001). There was a positive correlation between total costs and admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (correlation coefficient, 0.491;
P
<0.001) and length of stay (correlation coefficient, 0.787;
P
<0.001) in all patients. Quantile regression revealed rising nursing and total costs associated with PSD, higher National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, and longer hospital stay (all
P
<0.05).

Conclusions:
PSD was associated with greater stroke severity, prolonged hospitalization, and increased nursing and total costs. In patients with severe stroke, dementia, or seizures, PSD is anticipated, and additional costs are associated with hospitalization.
Blood Pressure Control and Recurrent Stroke After Intracerebral Hemorrhage in 2002 to 2018 Versus 1981 to 1986
Authors: Li Linxin , Zuurbier Susanna M. , Kuker Wilhelm , Warlow Charles P. , Rothwell Peter M. 
Published: July 2021

Background and Purpose:
The PROGRESS trial (Perindopril Protection Against Recurrent Stroke Study) conducted in the early 1990s showed that blood pressure (BP) lowering therapy reduced the risks of recurrent stroke by about 50% after spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). However, the ICH subgroup was a minority, and trial cohorts are invariably selective. Therefore, it is unclear whether the impact of BP control on risk of recurrent stroke in ICH observed in PROGRESS would be as great in real-world practice.

Methods:
We compared BP control (mean BP during study follow-up) and risks of recurrent stroke after first-ever primary ICH in 2 colocated population-based studies before and after the PROGRESS trial (1995–2001) in Oxfordshire: Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project (OCSP; 1981–1986) and OXVASC (Oxford Vascular Study; 2002–2018).

Results:

Two hundred seventy-seven patients (753 patient-years of follow-up) with first-ever primary ICH were ascertained in OXVASC and OCSP. Baseline systolic BP was comparable between the 2 studies (mean/SD=183.8/36.5 in OXVASC versus 178.1/38.2 in OCSP,
P
=0.30) but among one hundred thirty-seven 90-day survivors, mean BP during follow-up was substantially lower in OXVASC versus OCSP (135.2/16.4 versus 157.3/17.8,
P
<0.0001). Risks of recurrent stroke (per 100 patient-years) decreased from 10.3 (95% CI, 4.7–19.5) in OCSP to 3.1 (1.8–4.8) in OXVASC (
P
=0.006), predominantly driven by a reduction at younger ages (5-year risk at age <75 years: 35.4% versus 6.9%,
P
=0.001; hazard ratio, 0.14 [0.04–0.54]).

Conclusions:
Risks of recurrent stroke after primary ICH have fallen significantly in Oxfordshire over the past 4 decades, coinciding with substantial improvements in BP control during follow-up.