bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE ENDOSCOPIC FINDINGS IN SYMPTOMATIC PATIENTS WITH RELIABLE NONINVASIVE LABORATORY - PROVEN HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION
Authors: Salim Bakhtyar 
Published: March 2021

Background
Patients with reliable laboratory-proved H. pylori infection manifest gastritis on upper GI endoscopy and such gastritis is associated with various benign, pre-malignant, and malignant gastrointestinal disorders, but the frequency and the magnitude of such association are not clarified well in the literature.
Objectives
To show the endoscopic findings in symptomatic patients with proven H. pylori infection by non-invasive laboratory reliable tests namely urea breath test and stool Antigen testing and to show the relation between these endoscopic findings and the common associated finding namely duodenal, gastric ulcerations, and Gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD).
Methods
A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out from August 2018 to January 2019. The study sample consisted of 314 patients who had symptoms of Helicobacter pylori and were referred to Kurdistan center for gastroenterology and Hepatology (KCGH) in Sulaimani, Iraqi Kurdistan, Iraq. All of the patients were proved to have H. pylori diagnosed with either urea breath test in 196 cases or stool antigen test in 118 cases. All of them had undergone endoscopy. Gastritis types and associated pathologies were diagnosed by high definition endoscopy and agreed upon by an expert Board qualified endoscopist. Histopathological confirmation was not carried out. Although there is inter-observer variability in the endoscopic diagnosis of gastritis, the patients being diagnosed by sensitive laboratory methods before endoscopy limits this variability, and it is well known that the most common cause of gastritis is H. pylori infection
Results
The 314 symptomatic patients with lab-proven H. pylori infections were more middle-aged adults and more females than males. Most of these patients (97%) showed endoscopic evidence of gastritis. Antral and or fundal gastritis whether nodular or not, are more associated with duodenal ulceration while pangastritis and antral erosions are more associated with gastric ulcers. GERD is associated with gastritis alone without peptic ulceration, but it is more severe when there is duodenal ulceration and even more severe when the duodenal ulcers are complicated by gastric outlet obstruction, partial or complete.
Conclusion
Doing upper GI endoscopy for dyspeptic patients with lab-proven H. pylori infection to detect associated benign anad pre-malignant upper GI pathologies to plan the appropriate treatment and its duration. The test and treat strategy for symptomatic H. pylori infected patients without a red flag recommended by international guidelines may be suboptimal in areas with a high frequency of H. pylori infection like ours.
COMPARISON BETWEEN 2 DIFFERENT DIETARY INTAKE METHODS (7-DAY DIETARY WEIGHT RECORDS AND 24-HOUR DIETARY RECALL) AND DUPLICATE DIET METHOD RESULTS WITH REFERENCE NUTRIENT INTAKE (RNI)
Authors: Raoof Mohammed 
Published: March 2021

Background
Dietary intake assessment methods have an important role in evaluating dietary intake. Choosing the appropriate one is a big challenge as no particular one of them is appropriately designed to give 100% accurate results. The 7-day weighed records are regarded as the gold standard method, results are more accurate when comparing them with energy expenditure measurement of doubly labeled water (DLW) and urinary nitrogen excretion. On the other hand, 24-hour dietary recall is regarded as an easy and non-expensive method but memory dependable.
Objectives
Comparing two dietary intake assessment methods, 7-day weighed record, and 24-hour dietary recall in terms of nutrient intake, looking at the cons and pros of each and finding the correlation between them.
Methods
Twenty-four-hour dietary recall was taken through an interview between a couple of subjects, the interviewer asked details questions about food intake and portion size of the subject`s last 24 hours then each exchanged their role. Regarding 7-day dietary weighed records, a weight scale was used by the subjects to weigh every food before consumption for 7 days. Also, duplicate diet energy contents were calculated through some complex chemical procedures.
Results
Results showed a strong correlation in carbohydrate, protein, fiber & iron intake of both methods (P. <0.05), however correlation of energy, fat & calcium were not statistically significant between the two methods (P. >0.05).
Conclusion
No method is the perfect one and more studies are necessary to make dietary intake assessment methods more accurate and effective.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF GIARDIA LAMBLIA DETECTION BY USING OF MICROSCOPIC, SEROLOGIC, AND MOLECULAR METHODS, IN SULAIMANI PROVINCE
Authors: Ismail Safin , Ali Shahnaz 
Published: March 2021

Background
Giardia lamblia is an intestinal flagellated protozoan parasite that infects humans and animals. Giardiasis causing more than 200 million symptomatic infections globally it is one of the most common causes of diarrhea in developing countries, and frequent cause water-born/food-born parasitic diseases.
Objectives
This study was carried out to investigate the prevalence rate of G. lamblia in Sulaimani Province hospitals and to identify the best and accurate method for identification.
Patients and Methods
In the present study, 355 fecal specimens were collected from patients in three hospitals (Dr. Jamal A. Rashid Pediatric Teaching Hospitals, Ibrahim Pasha Health Center and Directorate of Preventive Health) in Sulaimani Province during the 1st November 2018 to the 30 April 2019. All samples examined by direct microscopic examination using Saline Wet Mount, and antigen detection by ELISA technique (RIADASCREEN Giardia ELISA kit). DNA extracted by used (QIAamp Fast DNA Stool Mini Kit 50), and for PCR amplification, used JW1, the forward primer: 5’ GCG CAC CAG GAATGT CTT GT 3’ and JW2, the reverse primer 5’ TCA CCT ACG GAT ACC TTG TT 3’ to amplify a 183-bp region of the 18S G. lamblia rRNA gene.
Results
Out of 355 stool samples, fifty samples were positive for G. lamblia at a prevalence rate of (14.1%) by Direct wet mount and ELISA, and forty of them were positive (11.4%) by PCR. Males showed a higher (18.1%) prevalence rate than females (5.4%). The highest rate (26.9%) of infection was found in (13-18) age groups, while the lowest rate (2.3%) was fond in (6-12) year of ages. The prevalence rate in rural area was higher than urban area (15.7%), (13.4%) respectively. The sequences alignments were 91.30% and 98.52% similar to M90523.1 and M90524.1 respectively. In comparison to Microscopic exam, both ELISA and PCR recorded the same specificity rate 99.67% as direct wet mount, but were different sensitivity rate 100% and 80% respectively.
Conclusion
Direct wet mount and ELISA was more sensitive than PCR (80%), but they were specific at the same rate (99.67%), and this indicate that there is more than one gene of G. lamblia is endemic in Sulaimani Province.
THE ROLE OF CORNEAL COLLAGEN CROSS-LINKING IN KERATOCONUS MANAGEMENT: BASED ON ONE-CENTER EXPERIENCE IN SULAIMANI CITY, KURDISTAN REGION-IRAQ
Authors: Rashid Kosar 
Published: March 2021

Background
Corneal Collagen Cross-Linking has a major role in the management of keratoconus.
Objectives
Determining the effectiveness of Corneal Cross-linking, using Corneal Topography and tomography, with progressive Keratoconus.
Materials and Methods
The study conducted at Soma Eye Center, Sulaimani City, Kurdistan-Iraq, six months from September 2018 to March 2019. A total of 34 eyes of 20 patients with progressive bilateral Keratoconus. Each patient sought written informed consent, which was accompanied by corneal cross-linking with the riboflavin topical eye drops. Patients were followed up the for 6 months and corneal topography and tomography was replicated and recorded.
Results
The patients ‘ age was between 12 and 35 years. There were 12 females and 8 males. The change in post procedure K1 was statistically significant at the significant level of 0.05 as the p-value was 0.029. For the post procedure K2 the same can be noticed as the p value was 0.0. In addition post procedure central corneal thickness change was remarkable, the mean change in central corneal thickness was about 10.14µ, and this change was significant at the statistical level of 0.05, because the P value was 0.00. Changes in keratometry, was more significant for female than male both for K1 and K2, mean K1 change for males was 0.05 and for females was 0.2, the same result can be viewed for the post procedure change in K2, mean change for males was 0.6 while for females was 0.8. These changes were more significant in female than in male. P values were 0.01 and 0.00 respectively.
Conclusion
In patients with progressive Keratoconus within six months of follow-up it has been demonstrated that corneal cross-linking is effective for inducing regression or halting progression of disease, while the effectiveness of the corneal cross-linking has been affected by patients’ gender but not by age.
Análise temporal dos aspectos clínicos e sociais relacionados a sífilis congênita na Paraíba entre 2008 e 2017
Authors: Duarte Matheus Santos , Machado Michael Ferreira , Souza Carlos Dornels Freire de 
Published: March 2021

<p class="Normal1"><span class="fontstyle0">Congenital syphilis is a disease resulting from vertical transmission of the Treponema pallidum bacterium from the infected mother to her child, which can result in several sequelae for the newborn. This study aimed to analyze the clinical and social characteristics of mothers whose children were affected by this disease in Paraíba between 2008 and 2017. It is a descriptive and cross-sectional study developed from secondary data from the Ministry of Health. The trends were analyzed through a segmented regression model using Joinpoint software. The statistical results were compared with the government actions implemented in the analyzed time period, in the scope of the fight against syphilis. A higher proportion of cases of this disease was observed in women with brown skin and low schooling. This proportion was higher than the national average. A high percentage of inadequate treatment was also observed. Although this ratio has decreased lately, the proportion of those who did not undergo treatment has increased. Prenatal care has been increasingly performed by these pregnant women. In this sense, the influence of the Rede Cegonha on this process can be highlighted, providing greater reach and quality of prenatal care, in addition to the expansion of the capacity of testing and treatment of pregnant women with syphilis.</span><strong> <br /><br /> </strong></p>
Boole approximation method with residual error function to solve linear Volterra integro-differential equations
Authors: ERDEM BİÇER Kübra , DAĞ Hale Gül 
Published: March 2021

In this study, a numerical method is developed for the approximate solution of the linear Volterra integro-differential equations. This method is based Boole polynomial, its
derivatives and the collocation points. The aim is to reduce the given problem, as the linear algebraic equation, to the matrix equation. This matrix equation is solved using Boole collocation points. As a result, the approximate solution is obtained in the truncated Boole series in the interval [a,b]. The exact solution and the approximate solution are included in the study. Also, the error analysis and residual correction calculations are performed in the study. The results have been obtained by using computer program MATLAB.
El texto literario como corpus lingüístico: fraseología en novelas de García Márquez
Authors: Ciro Lirian Astrid 
Published: March 2021

Presentar y clasificar algunas Unidades Fraseológicas Fijas, halladas en novelas de Gabriel García Márquez, es el propósito en este artículo. La metodología propuesta comprende la lectura detallada, el análisis y la recolección del corpus fraseológico en algunas novelas del autor, así como la confrontación de dicho corpus con diccionarios monolingües y fraseológicos del español general, y diccionarios de colombianismos, para determinar factores semánticos y pragmáticos de estas unidades. Como resultado se elaboró un listado de fraseologismos presentes en la obra del escritor colombiano, lo que permite observar que la novelística de García Márquez es una valiosa fuente de expresiones fraseológicas. Se concluye que la obra literaria, tomada como corpus lingüístico, ofrece posibilidades para estudiar los recursos expresivos de la lengua en uso; de ahí, la pertinencia de este análisis, por cuanto los estudios de fraseología en la literatura son un campo de investigación fecundo, que requieren mayor exploración en obras colombianas.
فقه المصائب والبلايا : (نظرات وحكم في تمكين الأمة وتنظيمها على ضوء النصوص الشرعية)
Authors: Thabrani Abdul Mukti 
Published: March 2021

The God creates the whole world with laws, design and law of nature that cannot be replaced until the end of this world. Some of the laws are the existence of disasters that is surely given to all human beings and all creatures in this world. It is arranged by the Al-Mighty himself and it becomes the sixth pile of IMAN. It is also known as believing to the faith, either the good one or the bad one which is suitable with their own portion. This writing is trying to describe deeply and dig about the Fiqh of disasters, in the context of reading the implicit or explicit theorems, as the base and reference in seeing the God’s rule on Earth and as the form of implementation of our believing to the faith that can be done with maximum effort to be a good human being who realizes his function as Khalifah. The last destination is to make people strong and realize about the unity as the strength of Moslems. All the perspectives are framed in the Syariah textuality which comes from Revelation.Copyright (c) 2015 by Al Ihkam. All right reservedDOI: 10.19105/al-ihkam.v10i1.586
MEMBEDAH MUSNAD AL-HUMAYDÎ: SALAH SATU MUSNAD HADITS TERTUA
Authors: Affani Syukron 
Published: March 2021

Al-Humaydî is one of the figures of hadist from Mecca area. He belongs to the main generation as the follower of tâbi`în who lived and gathered with one of the chiefs of fiqh Madzhab, which is Muhammad bin Idris al-Syâfi’î. Thus, al-Humaydî belongs to the earliest ulama of madzhab Syâfi’î. In the knowledge of Hadist, al-Humaydî and his Musnad book becomes the part of the early musnad kitab even earlier than the most popular musnad book by Ahmad bin Hanbal. Although musnad book of al-Humaydî is not the most popular book but this book belongs to the most important musnad Hadist book. Al-Bukhârî as a popular Mukharrij takes Hadist from al-Humaydî with least corrections. Al-Humaydî is the teacher of al-Bukhârî in Hadist and also for fiqh. This proves that the figure of al-Humaydî as the reader of hadist is believable. But, not all the Hadist in the musnad al-Humaydî is shahîh/true. Some of the munqathi’ Hadist which is told by al-Humaydî and al-Bukhârî knew this. This writing is trying to partly introduce and give some notes of al-Humaydî and his musnad. Therefore we will know one of the ancient Hadist books and know the figures of the one who arrange and understand the musnad Hadist book. Kata Kunci:Al-Humaydî , Musnad, Hadits, al-Bukhârî
MEANING OF PROPOSING DIVORCE IN TUBAN REGENCY OF EAST JAVA (Matrilocal Residence in Proposing Divorce)
Authors: Na`mah Ulin 
Published: March 2021

The availability of nafkah (money given by husband to his wife for household expenses) in family life often becomes a source of conflict. Moreover, nafkah often becomes a reason for husband and wife for divorce. This is due to the obligation for providing nafkah is relied on husband (man) rather than wife (woman). Yet, on the one hand, “nafkah relied on husband” is often used by husband to powerfully control over his wife. On the other hand, in a culture of matrilocal residence (in wife’s home with her parents), “nafkah relied on husband” can be also used by wife to powerfully control her husband and this becomes a means for woman to subordinate and oppress her husband. Furthemore, for both husband or wife, “nafkah relied on husband” may often becomes a trigger to divorce. Therefore, it is important to redefine such strict division of gender role and contextually give more priority to equality in gender role in households life.Copyright (c) 2015 by Al-Ihkam. All right reserved DOI : 10.19105/al-ihkam.v10i2.715
IMPLIKASI PERDEBATAN TENTANG BASMALAH ATAS KEMUTAWATIRAN AL-QUR`AN
Authors: Zahid Mohammad 
Published: March 2021

The ulama agreed that the inclusion of all sentences in the Qur`an must be based on riwâyat which is mutawâtir, so the truth can be guaranteed (qath`î wurûd âyi al-Qur'ân). It also happened to the word basmalah which always comes in the beginning of the Surah. Therefore, Maliki school refused to state that basmalah as the Qur`an’s sentence, because of the existence of some riwâyat ahâd which informed two different things: it is a part of the Qur`an and it is not. Actually riwâyat ahâd cannot be used to include a text to be a sentence of the Qur`an or to refuse it. While the majority of ulama’s point of view is not only based on some ahâd histories which stated that basmalah is a sentence of the Qur`an. The history facts in the process of jam`u al-Qur'ân (the gathering of the Qur`an) from the era of the prophet/Rasulullah, the year of Abû Bakr to the standardization of the Qur`an in the year of Utsmân bin `Affân confirmed that the companions of the prophets would never include or refuse a sentence, if it was only based on the ahâd history although its quality was shahîh. Therefore, the determination of the word of basmalah as a statement of the Qur`an, should not be based on the ahâd history only, but also supported with ijmâ` of the companions to the existence of Mushhaf Utsmânî or which is known as the source of history of mutawâtir `amalî.Copyright (c) 2016 by Al-Ihkam. All right reservedDOI: 10.19105/al-ihkam.v10i2.721
MANAGEMENT OF ABANDONED LAND IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF ISLAMIC LAW AND NATIONAL LAW OF LAND
Authors: . Ridwan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract:This article is aimed at showing that land has not only economic values, but also social values. Abandoning land indicates ignorance to both values and is against legal norms, both religious and state norms in Indonesia. The consequence of abandoning land by the owner, either in Islamic or national law perspective, will result in the banning of the rights of its possession by the state who has the authority to manage the use of land for social welfare. This article proves that both Islamic and national laws have a similarity in the basic law aspect, that land should have social and economic functions. The state has the juridical authority to ensure that land is used for social welfare, including assuring that there is no land abandoned by its owner. Abstrak:Artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa tanah di samping bernilai ekonomis, juga memiliki nilai sosial. Penelantaran tanah menunjukkan, selain adanya pengabaian terhadap kedua nilai tersebut, juga bertentangan dengan norma hukum, baik hukum Islam maupun hukum positif Indonesia. Konsekuensi penelantaran tanah yang dilakukan oleh pemilik tanah baik menurut hukum Islam maupun hukum nasional mengakibatkan pemerintah sebagai pemilik otoritas memiliki kewenangan untuk menarik kembali dan menjadikan tanah tersebut untuk kemaslahatan sosial. Artikel ini membuktikan bahwa antara hukum Islam dan hukum nasional memiliki kesamaan pada aspek hukum asas bahwa tanah harus memiliki fungsi sosial. Negara memiliki otoritas untuk memastikan bahwa tanah harus bias menjalankan fungsi kemaslahatan sosial termasuk menjamin tidak adanya tanah yang ditelantarkan oleh pemiliknya.
Moderasi Hukum Islam dalam Pemikiran Ahmad Hasyim Muzadi
Authors: Dahlan Moh 
Published: March 2021

This study aims to examine the paradigm of moderate ijtihad by Ahmad Hasyim Muzadi and moderation discourse of Islamic law that was built by Ahmad Hasyim Muzadi. This study used the approach is the thought of Milton K. Munitz. This study showed that the paradigm of moderate ijtihad that built by Ahmad Hasyim Muzadi should not be based on the texts of Islamic law only, but also to be devout and clear thinking, honest, and sincere. In this way, the moderation of Islamic law discourse that resulted will bear the legal system that is inclusive and accommodated to the dynamics of human life. Islamic legal discourse that has a balance and fairness in enforcement at the empirical level
Islamic Banking in Global Economic Context (Critical Studies of Operational System and Performance of Islamic Banking)
Authors: Aziz Jamal Abdul 
Published: March 2021

Berdasarkan kajian terhadap sejarah kemunculan dan sistem operasional Bank Islam beserta kinerjanya, penulis menyimpulkan bahwa konsep bank Islam pada hakekatnya merupakan bentuk islamisasi terhadap institusi perbankan. Hanya saja proses islamisasi yang terjadi baru sebatas pada aspek-aspek yang bersifat marginal, artifisial, dan formal-institusional, seperti penggantian istilah-istilah teknis dalam dunia perbankan dengan istilah yang berasal dari fikih muamalah, penghapusan bunga, dan penolakan terhadap praktek-praktek bisnis yang haram. Selebihnya, bank Islam tidak berbeda dengan bank konvensional. Dampak dari islamisasi yang kurang substansial-komprehensif tersebut adalah timbulnya kesan bahwa bank Islam justru ‘terbelenggu’ oleh konsep-konsep fikih klasik yang mendasarinya, di mana ia cenderung kontra produktif dengan tren bisnis moderen yang senantiasa menuntut efisiensi dan fleksibilitas. Agar tetap dapat survive di masa-masa mendatang, bank Islam perlu mengevaluasi diri secara terus menerus dengan selalu membuka diri terhadap berbagai kritikan yang dialamatkan kepadanya. Konsepsi yang terlalu berorientasi kepada doktrin harus diimbangi dengan kesadaran akan fakta-fakta dan tuntutan bisnis moderen, baik yang berskala lokal maupun global. Sementara itu cita-cita Islam yang ideal, seperti pemberantasan kemiskinan, pendistribusian kekayaan secara adil, dan penciptaan lapangan kerja, harus tetap menjadi orientasi utamanya. Kata Kunci:Riba, Profit and Loss Sharing, Mudlârabah, Murâbahah, Artificial Aspects of Islam Abstract:Based on the study of the history of emergence and operation of Islamic Bank and its system performance, the author conclude that the concept of Islamic bank is essentially a form of Islamization of the banking institutions. Such Islamization are limited to the marginal, artificial, and formal-institutional aspects, such as the replacement of technical terms in the banking world with a term derived from the fiqh al-mu’âmalah, the abolition of interest, and the rejection of unlawful business practices. Moreover, the Islamic bank is no different from conventional banks. The impact of such less substantial and comprehensive islamization is the perception that Islamic bank is precisely 'shackled' by the concepts underlying classical fiqh, where it tends to be counter-productive with modern business trends which are constantly demanding efficiency and flexibility. In order to remain able to survive in the future, Islamic banks need to evaluate itself continuously by always open to criticism addressed to them. The conception of Islamic banking oriented too much to the doctrine must be balanced with an awareness of the facts and the demands of modern business, both local and global scale. While the ideals of the Islamic ideal, such as the eradication of poverty, equitable distribution of wealth and job creation, should remain the main orientation.