bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health service organisation impact on lower extremity amputations in people with type 2 diabetes with foot ulcers: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Meza-Torres Bernardo , Carinci Fabrizio , Heiss Christian , Joy Mark , de Lusignan Simon 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Aims
Despite the evidence available on the epidemiology of diabetic foot ulcers and associated complications, it is not clear how specific organizational aspects of health care systems can positively affect their clinical trajectory. We aim to evaluate the impact of organizational aspects of care on lower extremity amputation rates among people with type 2 diabetes affected by foot ulcers.

Methods
We conducted a systematic review of the scientific literature published between 1999 and 2019, using the following key terms as search criteria: people with type 2 diabetes, diagnosed with diabetic foot ulcer, treated with specific processes and care pathways, and LEA as primary outcome. Overall results were reported as pooled odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals obtained using fixed and random effects models.

Results
A total of 57 studies were found eligible, highlighting the following arrangements: dedicated teams, care pathways and protocols, multidisciplinary teams, and combined interventions. Among them, seven studies qualified for a meta-analysis. According to the random effects model, interventions including any of the four arrangements were associated with a 29% reduced risk of any type of lower extremity amputation (OR = 0.71; 95% CI 0.52–0.96). The effect was larger when focusing on major LEAs alone, leading to a 48% risk reduction (OR = 0.52; 95% CI 0.30–0.91).

Conclusions
Specific organizational arrangements including multidisciplinary teams and care pathways can prevent half of the amputations in people with diabetes and foot ulcers. Further studies using standardized criteria are needed to investigate the cost-effectiveness to facilitate wider implementation of improved organizational arrangements. Similarly, research should identify specific roadblocks to translating evidence into action. These may be structures and processes at the health system level, e.g. availability of professionals with the right skillset, reimbursement mechanisms, and clear organizational intervention implementation guidelines.
Clinical benefits of routine examination and synchronous repair of occult inguinal hernia during laparoscopic peritoneal dialysis catheter insertion: a single-center experience
Authors: Kou H.-W. , Yeh C.-N. , Tsai C.-Y. , Hsu J.-T. , Wang S.-Y. , Lee C.-W. , Yu M.-C. , Hwang T.-L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPurposeOccult inguinal hernias (IH) predispose peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients to the symptomatic IH formation after starting PD, which may cause complications. We conducted a retrospective study to assess the benefit/risk profile of routine laparoscopic examination for occult IH (RLEOH) with a synchronous repair in patients receiving PD catheter placement.Methods432 patients were enrolled in this study. Patients with an internal hernia sac at all sizes were deemed to have occult IH. We retrospectively reviewed data including demographic characteristics and operative details. We also measured incidence rates of symptomatic IH, metachronous IH repair, and catheter survival over a follow-up period after starting PD.ResultsThese patients were classified into the RLEOH group (n = 365) and the non-RLEOH group (n = 67). The RLEOH group was subdivided into occult IH with a synchronous repair (n = 17; the subgroup A), no occult IH (n = 339; the subgroup B), and occult IH without a synchronous repair (n = 9; the subgroup C). The incidence rates of symptomatic IH developed after staring PD in subgroups A, B, and C were 0, 5.6, and 22.2%, respectively, whereas that in the non-RLEOH group was 13.4%. The RLEOH group had a reduced hazard ratio for metachronous IH repair compared with the non-RLEOH group (HR = 0.426; 95% CI 0.195–0.930,p = 0.032). None of our patients suffered from herniorrhaphy-related complications.ConclusionRLEOH with a synchronous repair during PD catheter insertion confers clinical benefits in reducing the risk of developing IH after starting PD and the need for a metachronous repair. This is a safe and reasonable approach.
Sharp Rank-One Convexity Conditions in Planar Isotropic Elasticity for the Additive Volumetric-Isochoric Split
Authors: Voss Jendrik , Ghiba Ionel-Dumitrel , Martin Robert J. , Neff Patrizio 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe consider the volumetric-isochoric split in planar isotropic hyperelasticity and give a precise analysis of rank-one convexity criteria for this case, showing that the Legendre-Hadamard ellipticity condition separates and simplifies in a suitable sense. Starting from the classical two-dimensional criterion by Knowles and Sternberg, we can reduce the conditions for rank-one convexity to a family of one-dimensional coupled differential inequalities. In particular, this allows us to derive a simple rank-one convexity classification for generalized Hadamard energies of the type$W(F)=\frac{\mu }{2} \hspace{0.07em} \frac{\lVert F \rVert ^{2}}{\det F}+f(\det F)$W(F)=μ2∥F∥2detF+f(detF); such an energy is rank-one convex if and only if the function$f$fis convex.
Ambient air pollution and emergency department visits in Toronto, Canada
Authors: Szyszkowicz Mieczysław , de Angelis Nicholas 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTo investigate the acute impact of various air pollutants on various disease groups in the urban area of the city of Toronto, Canada. Statistical models were developed to estimate the relative risk of an emergency department visit associated with ambient air pollution concentration levels. These models were generated for 8 air pollutants (lagged from 0 to 14 days) and for 18 strata (based on sex, age group, and season). Twelve disease groups extracted from the International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision (ICD-10) were used as health classifications in the models. The qualitative results were collected in matrices composed of 18 rows (strata) and 15 columns (lags) for each air pollutant and the 12 health classifications. The matrix cells were assigned a value of 1 if the association was positively statistically significant; otherwise, they were assigned to a value of 0. The constructed matrices were totalized separately for each air pollutant. The resulting matrices show qualitative associations for grouped diseases, air pollutants, and their corresponding lagged concentrations and indicate the frequency of statistically significant positive associations. The results are presented in colour-gradient matrices with the number of associations for every combination of patient strata, pollutant, and lag in corresponding cells. The highest number of the associations was 8 (of 12 possible) obtained for the same day exposure to carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, and days with elevated air quality health index (AQHI) values. For carbon monoxide, the number of the associations decreases with the increasing lags. For this air pollutant, there were almost no associations after 8 days of lag. In the case of nitrogen dioxide, the associations persist even for longer lags. The numerical values obtained from the models are provided for every pollutant. The constructed matrices are a useful tool to analyze the impact of ambient air pollution concentrations on public health.
Preoperative use of furosemide may increase the incidence of acute kidney injury after coronary artery bypass grafting: a propensity score-matched study
Authors: Zheng Hui , Liu Le , Fan Guoliang , Liu Zhigang , Wang Zhengqing , Chang Baocheng 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Objectives
Furosemide is usually administered before the Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) to improve water–sodium retention. However, no final conclusions are available on the postoperative renal outcome of furosemide. We evaluated the effect of preoperative furosemide on acute kidney injury (AKI) after CABG.

Methods
We recorded the use of furosemide 14 days before surgery in all patients who underwent CABG from 2016 to 2017. Patients were divided into furosemide (F) group and non-furosemide (NF) group according to preoperative use of furosemide. A 1:1 propensity score matching was performed. Multivariate analyses were conducted to determine risk factors for AKI after CABG.

Results
Overall, 974 patients were included in the study, of which 82 cases were complicated with postoperative AKI. The incidence of AKI was significantly increased in F group than NF group (28.9% vs. 7.4%, p = 0.000). After adjusting for risk factors, the incidence of AKI in the F group was 5.34 times more than the NF group (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.45–11.64; p = 0.000). The incidence of AKI increased significantly when the cumulative dosage of furosemide exceeded 110 mg (odds ratio [OR] 6.23; 95% CI 2.07–18.74, p = 0.001) and 250 mg (OR 8.31; 95% CI 2.87–24.02, p = 0.000). After the propensity-matching group analysis, same results were obtained.

Conclusions
The incidence of AKI after CABG was related to the use of preoperative furosemide, and it increased exponentially with the increase of cumulative dose of furosemide. This provides guidance for the dose of preoperative furosemide.
Imaging the influence of oxides on the electrostatic potential of photovoltaic InP nanowires
Authors: Hrachowina Lukas , Zou Xianshao , Chen Yang , Zhang Yuwei , Barrigón Enrique , Yartsev Arkady , Borgström Magnus T. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNanowires require surface passivation due to their inherent large surface to volume ratio. We investigate the effect of embedding InP nanowires in different oxides with respect to surface passivation by use of electron beam induced current measurements enabled by a nanoprobe based system inside a scanning electron microscope. The measurements reveal remote doping due to fixed charge carriers in the passivating POx/Al2O3shell in contrast to results using SiOx. We used time-resolved photoluminescence to characterize the lifetime of charge carriers to evaluate the success of surface passivation. In addition, spatially resolved internal quantum efficiency simulations support and correlate the two applied techniques. We find that atomic-layer deposited POx/Al2O3has the potential to passivate the surface of InP nanowires, but at the cost of inducing a field-effect on the nanowires, altering their electrostatic potential profile. The results show the importance of using complementary techniques to correctly evaluate and interpret processing related effects for optimization of nanowire-based optoelectronic devices.
Approaches to land snail shell bead manufacture in the Early Holocene of Malawi
Authors: Miller Jennifer M. , Keller Hannah M. , Heckel Claire , Kaliba Potiphar M. , Thompson Jessica C. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractShell disc beads are important archeological indicators of social communication and exchange networks. There has been substantial research on ostrich eggshell (OES) beads, but little is known about the manufacture or chronology of similar beads from land snail shells (LSS). LSS beads are associated with Holocene hunter-gatherers in Africa, though direct dates are limited to the Iron Age, and there are no images or descriptions of the manufacturing sequence. Here, we combine experimental and archeological data to resolve the chronology, operational chains, and material properties of LSS bead manufacture. We then recommend and apply a modified OES production sequence to three Later Stone Age assemblages from the Kasitu Valley of northern Malawi (Hora 1, Mazinga 1, and Kadawonda 1). At these sites, LSS shows an unexpectedly high proportion of Pathway 2 manufacture (disc shaping prior to perforation), in direct contrast with known OES bead manufacture. Application of red color occurred at all stages of manufacture, albeit inconsistently. Production of finished beads involved substantial removal of material from preforms to create the final product. Finally, we report the earliest evidence for LSS bead manufacture with two directly dated preforms (~ 9500 cal BP), showing that the origins of LSS beadmaking do precede the Iron Age.
Auto-correlation robustness of factorial designs and GAMS in studying the effects of process variables in a dual-objective adsorption system
Authors: Amosa Mutiu Kolade , Aderibigbe Fatai A. , Adeniyi Adewale George , Ighalo Joshua O. , Bello Bisola Taibat , Jami Mohammed Saedi , Alkhatib Ma’an Fahmi R. , Majozi Thokozani , Abdulkareem Sulyman A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe performance of factorial designs is still limited due to some uncertainties that usually intensify process complexities, hence, the need for inter-platform auto-correlation analyses. In this study, the auto-correlation capabilities of factorial designs and General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS) on the effects of some pertinent operating variables in wastewater treatment were compared. Individual and combined models were implemented in GAMS and solved with the trio of BARON, CPLEX and IPOPT solvers. It is revealed that adsorbent dosage had the highest effect on the process. It contributed the most effect toward obtaining the minimum silica and TDS contents of 13 mg/L and 814 mg/L, and 13.6 mg/L and 815 mg/L from factorial design and GAMS platforms, respectively. This indicates a concurrence between the results from the two platforms with percentage errors of 4.4% and 0.2% for silica and TDS, respectively. The effects of the mixing speed and contact time are negligible.
Studying human-AI collaboration protocols: the case of the Kasparov’s law in radiological double reading
Authors: Cabitza Federico , Campagner Andrea , Sconfienza Luca Maria 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The integration of Artificial Intelligence into medical practices has recently been advocated for the promise to bring increased efficiency and effectiveness to these practices. Nonetheless, little research has so far been aimed at understanding the best human-AI interaction protocols in collaborative tasks, even in currently more viable settings, like independent double-reading screening tasks.

Methods
To this aim, we report about a retrospective case–control study, involving 12 board-certified radiologists, in the detection of knee lesions by means of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, in which we simulated the serial combination of two Deep Learning models with humans in eight double-reading protocols. Inspired by the so-called Kasparov’s Laws, we investigate whether the combination of humans and AI models could achieve better performance than AI models alone, and whether weak reader, when supported by fit-for-use interaction protocols, could out-perform stronger readers.

Results
We discuss two main findings: groups of humans who perform significantly worse than a state-of-the-art AI can significantly outperform it if their judgements are aggregated by majority voting (in concordance with the first part of the Kasparov’s law); small ensembles of significantly weaker readers can significantly outperform teams of stronger readers, supported by the same computational tool, when the judgments of the former ones are combined within “fit-for-use” protocols (in concordance with the second part of the Kasparov’s law).

Conclusion
Our study shows that good interaction protocols can guarantee improved decision performance that easily surpasses the performance of individual agents, even of realistic super-human AI systems. This finding highlights the importance of focusing on how to guarantee better co-operation within human-AI teams, so to enable safer and more human sustainable care practices.
IL-10 Deficiency Aggravates Renal Inflammation, Fibrosis and Functional Failure in High-Fat Dieted Obese Mice
Authors: Kim Dae Hwan , Chun So Young , Lee EunHye , Kim Bomi , Yoon BoHyun , Gil Haejung , Han Man-Hoon , Ha Yun-Sok , Lee Jun Nyung , Kwon Tae Gyun , Kim Bum Soo , Jang Byung Ik 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUND:
High-fat diet-induced obesity is one of the major cause of chronic renal failure. This obesity-related renal failure is mainly caused by inflammatory processes. However, the role of the major anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-10 has not been researched intensively.

METHODS:
To evaluate the effect of IL-10 deficiency on obesity-related renal failure, the in vivo study was carried with four animal groups; (1) Low-fat dieted C57BL/6 mice, (2) Low-fat dieted IL-10 knockout (KO) mice, (3) High‐fat dieted C57BL/6 mice and (4) High‐fat dieted IL-10 KO mice group. The analysis was carried with blood/urine chemistry, H&E, Oil-Red-O, periodic acid-Schiff and Masson’s trichrome staining immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR methods.

RESULTS:
At week 12, high‐fat dieted IL-10 KO mice showed 1) severe lipid accumulation in kidneys, cholesterol elevation (in total, serum kidney) and low-density lipoprotein increasion through the SCAP-SREBP2-LDLr pathway; (2) serious histopathologic alterations showing glomerulosclerosis, tubulointerstitial fibrosis and immune cell infiltration; (3) increased pro‐inflammatory cytokines and chemokines expression; (4) enhanced renal fibrosis; and (5) serious functional failure with high serum creatinine and BUN and proteinuria excretion compared to other groups.

CONCLUSION:
IL-10 deficiency aggravates renal inflammation, fibrosis and functional failure in high-fat dieted obese mice, thus IL-10 therapy could be applied to obesity-related chronic renal failure.
Electrochemical performance of La2NiO4+δ-Ce0.55La0.45O2−δ as a promising bifunctional oxygen electrode for reversible solid oxide cells
Authors: Li Pengzhang , Yang Wei , Tian Chuanjin , Zhao Wenyan , Lü Zhe , Xie Zhipeng , Wang Chang-An 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this work, La2NiO4+δ-xCe0.55La0.45O2−δ (denoted as LNO-xLDC) with various LDC contents (x = 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 wt%) were prepared and evaluated as bifunctional oxygen electrodes for reversible solid oxide cells (RSOCs). Compared with the pure LNO, the optimum composition of LNO-30LDC exhibited the lowest polarization resistance (Rp) of 0.53 and 0.12 Ω·cm2 in air at 650 and 750 °C, respectively. The enhanced electrochemical performance of LNO-30LDC oxygen electrode was mainly attributed to the extended triple phase boundary and more oxygen ionic transfer channels. The hydrogen electrode supported single cell with LNO-30LDC oxygen electrode displayed peak power densities of 276, 401, and 521 mW·cm−2 at 700, 750, and 800 °C, respectively. Moreover, the electrolysis current density of the single cell demonstrated 526.39 mA·cm−2 under 1.5 V at 800 °C, and the corresponding hydrogen production rate was 220.03 mL·cm−2·h−1. The encouraging results indicated that LNO-30LDC was a promising bifunctional oxygen electrode material for RSOCs.
Structural evolution of plasma sprayed amorphous Li4Ti5O12 electrode and ceramic/polymer composite electrolyte during electrochemical cycle of quasi-solid-state lithium battery
Authors: Wu Xi , Liang Xinghua , Zhang Xiaofeng , Lan Lingxiao , Li Suo , Gai Qixin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA quasi-solid-state lithium battery is assembled by plasma sprayed amorphous Li4Ti5O12(LTO) electrode and ceramic/polymer composite electrolyte with a little liquid electrolyte (10 µL/cm2) to provide the outstanding electrochemical stability and better normal interface contact. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS) were used to analyze the structural evolution and performance of plasma sprayed amorphous LTO electrode and ceramic/polymer composite electrolyte before and after electrochemical experiments. By comparing the electrochemical performance of the amorphous LTO electrode and the traditional LTO electrode, the electrochemical behavior of different electrodes is studied. The results show that plasma spraying can prepare an amorphous LTO electrode coating of about 8 µm. After 200 electrochemical cycles, the structure of the electrode evolved, and the inside of the electrode fractured and cracks expanded, because of recrystallization at the interface between the rich fluorine compounds and the amorphous LTO electrode. Similarly, the ceramic/polymer composite electrolyte has undergone structural evolution after 200 test cycles. The electrochemical cycle results show that the cycle stability, capacity retention rate, coulomb efficiency, and internal impedance of amorphous LTO electrode are better than traditional LTO electrode. This innovative and facile quasi-solid-state strategy is aimed to promote the intrinsic safety and stability of working lithium battery, shedding light on the development of next-generation high-performance solid-state lithium batteries.
Juvenile Dermatomyositis: New Clues to Diagnosis and Therapy
Authors: Pachman Lauren M. , Nolan Brian E. , DeRanieri Deidre , Khojah Amer M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPurpose of reviewTo identify clues to disease activity and discuss therapy options.Recent findingsThe diagnostic evaluation includes documenting symmetrical proximal muscle damage by exam and MRI, as well as elevated muscle enzymes—aldolase, creatine phosphokinase, LDH, and SGOT—which often normalize with a longer duration of untreated disease. Ultrasound identifies persistent, occult muscle inflammation. The myositis-specific antibodies (MSA) and myositis-associated antibodies (MAA) are associated with specific disease course variations. Anti-NXP-2 is found in younger children and is associated with calcinosis; anti-TIF-1γ+ juvenile dermatomyositis has a longer disease course. The diagnostic rash—involving the eyelids, hands, knees, face, and upper chest—is the most persistent symptom and is associated with microvascular compromise, reflected by loss of nailfold (periungual) end row capillaries. This loss is associated with decreased bioavailability of oral prednisone; the bioavailability of other orally administered medications should also be considered. At diagnosis, at least 3 days of intravenous methyl prednisolone may help control the HLA-restricted and type 1/2 interferon–driven inflammatory process. The requirement for avoidance of ultraviolet light exposure mandates vitamin D supplementation.SummaryThis often chronic illness targets the cardiovascular system; mortality has decreased from 30 to 1–2% with corticosteroids. New serological biomarkers indicate occult inflammation: ↑CXCL-10 predicts a longer disease course. Some biologic therapies appear promising.