bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying carbon footprint for ecological river restoration
Authors: Chiu Yiwen , Yang Yi , Morse Cody 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRIVER restoration is a popular technique to rehabilitate degraded river habitat. Given the nature of these types of engineering projects, using ecological indicators to monitor the restoration effectiveness has been a traditional approach. However, as this approach emphasizes the post-project performance, environmental impact attributed to a project’s construction phase has received little attention directly or indirectly. This study quantified the carbon footprint of ecological river restoration, using a project in California as a case study. A topographic diversity index (TDI) was developed as a functional unit of the river restoration project, indicating how a restoration project can increase the variation of habitat topography. The results show that river restoration can lead to greenhouse gas emissions ranging from 288 to 336 kg CO2 equivalent (kg CO2e) for every 1% of TDI improvement, or 9–14 kg CO2e per meter stream restored. This study identified that improving raw material acquisition plans and heavy-duty equipment rental decision can be feasible strategies leading to the reduction of carbon footprint.
Topological Decompositions of the Pauli Group and their Influence on Dynamical Systems
Authors: Bagarello Fabio , Bavuma Yanga , Russo Francesco G. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn the present paper we show that it is possible to obtain the well known Pauli groupP= 〈X,Y,Z|X2=Y2=Z2= 1,(YZ)4= (ZX)4= (XY)4= 1〉 of order 16 as an appropriate quotient group of two distinct spaces of orbits of the three dimensional sphereS3. The first of these spaces of orbits is realized via an action of the quaternion groupQ8onS3; the second one via an action of the cyclic group of order four$\mathbb {Z}(4)$ℤ(4)onS3. We deduce a result of decomposition ofPof topological nature and then we find, in connection with the theory of pseudo-fermions, a possible physical interpretation of this decomposition.
The qualitative pretest interview for questionnaire development: outline of programme and practice
Authors: Buschle Christina , Reiter Herwig , Bethmann Arne 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGood survey research depends on asking the right questions; it is the only way to ensure that the information collected from respondents is suitable for providing good answers to our research questions. The article discusses and advocates a comprehensive consideration of qualitative-interpretive methodology in open forms of pretesting for the evaluation of draft survey questionnaires. We outline an approach we callQualitative Pretest Interview (QPI). It transfers the idea of negotiated common understanding in everyday communication to the clarification of meaning in draft survey questions and similar stimuli. The QPI involves ascribing interview partners the role of co-experts in this process and employing methodically integrated communication strategies. This paper focusses on how QPIs are conducted. Using an example interview, we illustrate how the particular way of qualitative pretest interviewing aims at a dialogic clarification of meaning in order to reach intersubjective understanding between participant and interviewer. In the process, we gain detailed insights into how and why a certain questionnaire might not work as intended, and ideally how this might be alleviated. QPIs pursue similar goals as Cognitive Interviews but rely more systematically on qualitative-interpretive methodology.
Effects of Shinrin-Yoku Retreat on Mental Health: a Pilot Study in Fukushima, Japan
Authors: Kotera Yasuhiro , Fido Dean 
Published: May 2021

AbstractShinrin-yoku (forest bathing) is a cost-effective healing practice that has recently attracted the interest of social scientists who have attributed it, in part, to mental health benefits. Japanese university students suffer from high rates of mental health problems, and the number of suicides remains high despite the total number of suicides in Japan decreasing. Effective mental health approaches which increase mental wellbeing and self-compassion, and reduce associated deficits, such as loneliness, are sought after for Japanese students; however, healthful treatment has not been identified to date. Accordingly, this pre-post-pilot study evaluated the levels of mental wellbeing, self-compassion, and loneliness among 25 Japanese undergraduate students who participated in a three-day shinrin-yoku retreat in Fukushima. Measurements were taken prior, straight after, and two weeks post-intervention. One-way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc analysis revealed that the mean scores of self-compassion, common humanity, and mindfulness increased statistically significantly from pre-retreat to follow-up. The mean scores of mental wellbeing and loneliness did not statistically significantly change. The positive effects on self-compassion indicate that shinrin-yoku retreat should be evaluated within a larger sample and in a shorter time frame to establish optimal shinrin-yoku parameters in this arena.
Vergleichsverbot? Bevölkerungsstatistiken und die Frage der Vergleichbarkeit in den deutschen Kolonien (1885–1914)
Authors: Renard Léa 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag untersucht das Verhältnis von statistischen Klassifikationen und Vergleichen in deutschen Kolonialstatistiken zwischen 1885 und 1914 und geht der Frage nach, welche Bedeutung und welche Ausprägungen dem Vergleich in Bezug auf Raum und Bevölkerung in kolonialen Statistiken zukamen. Ziel ist, den Blick für Methoden und Kategorien der statistischen Praxis im imperialen Kontext zu schärfen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass der statistischen Beobachtung der Kolonien eine territoriale Grundunterscheidung zwischen Metropole und Kolonien zugrunde lag, die in unterschiedlichen Methoden mündete. Diese territoriale und methodologische Spaltung war mit einer grundsätzlichen Unvergleichbarkeit zwischen kolonisierter Bevölkerung und Kolonisierenden gekoppelt, so die These des Beitrags.
The Living Sign. Reading Noble from a Biosemiotic Perspective
Authors: de Mul Jos 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe author argues that the reductionist illusions of the Modern Synthesis, which Noble criticizes in his target article, are to a large extent resulting from a mere syntactical notion of biological information, neglecting the pragmatic and semantic dimension of information. Although the syntactical notion, introduced by Shannon, has been applied with much success in information theory and computer technologies, it is too narrow to understand biological reality. Biosemiotics can help to clarify the problems identified by Noble, and offers a more adequate biological information concept, which not only may help to overcome these problems in the life sciences, but may also serve to integrate natural-scientific and humanities approaches to life.
Multiphase-field simulation of austenite reversion in medium-Mn steels
Authors: Ma Yan , Zheng Rui , Gao Ziyuan , Krupp Ulrich , Luo Hai-wen , Song Wenwen , Bleck Wolfgang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMedium-Mn steels have attracted immense attention for automotive applications owing to their outstanding combination of high strength and superior ductility. This steel class is generally characterized by an ultrafine-grained duplex microstructure consisting of ferrite and a large amount of austenite. Such a unique microstructure is processed by intercritical annealing, where austenite reversion occurs in a fine martensitic matrix. In the present study, austenite reversion in a medium-Mn alloy was simulated by the multiphase-field approach using the commercial software MICRESS® coupled with the thermodynamic database TCFE8 and the kinetic database MOBFE2. In particular, a faceted anisotropy model was incorporated to replicate the lamellar morphology of reversed austenite. The simulated microstructural morphology and phase transformation kinetics (indicated by the amount of phase) concurred well with experimental observations by scanning electron microscopy and in situ synchrotron high-energy X-ray diffraction, respectively.
Pollution and contamination level of Cu, Cd, and Hg heavy metals in soil and food crop
Authors: Ramlan  , Basir-Cyio M. , Napitupulu M. , Inoue T. , Anshary A. , Mahfudz  , Isrun  , Rusydi M. , Golar  , Sulbadana  , Bakri R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe aimed to assess and observe the accumulation of Cu, Cd, and Hg heavy metals on land and the contamination of plant tissues in Grand Forest Park, Palu, Indonesia, and its surrounding areas. The method used was a mix between survey and investigation, integrating data on research findings from before 2013 to 2016 with data from 2018. The data were analyzed using a correlation test, and descriptive statistics are presented in the form of tables and graphs. The results show that the highest concentration of Hg was found in the Poboya processing area (575.16 ppm) in 2013, though it gradually decreased to 287.64 ppm in 2018. The results of the Spearman’s rank test at the ∝ 0.05 level between average Cu land and Cu plant concentrations show that the obtained value (r) was 0.52 with a rho (ρ) of 0.13, which is not significant (ρ 0.13 > 0.05), while for Cd and Hg metals, the obtained r values were 0.88 and 0.86, respectively. These two metals showed significant correlations between concentrations of Cd and Hg on land and Cd and Hg in plant tissues (both ρ 0.001 < 0.05). Specifically, the transfer factor (TF) value at the sampling sites of the Grand Forest Park area, Ngatabaru, and PBY from the average of various Hg concentrations in plants was much higher than the TF values of Cu and Cd, specifically being Hg > Cd = Cu or 0.61 > 0.17 = 0.17.
Simulation-based Evaluation of Hydrographic Data Analysis for Dune Tracking on the River Rhine
Authors: Lorenz Felix , Artz Thomas , Brüggemann Thomas , Reich Julius , Weiß Robert , Winterscheid Axel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractKnowledge of the static and morphodynamic components of the river bed is important for the maintenance of waterways. Under the action of a current, parts of the river bed sediments can move in the form of dunes. Recordings of the river bed by multibeam echosounding are used as input data within a morphological analysis in order to compute the bedload transport rate using detected dune shape and migration. Before the morphological analysis, a suitable processing of the measurement data is essential to minimize inherent uncertainties. This paper presents a simulation-based evaluation of suitable data processing concepts for vertical sections of bed forms based on a case study at the river Rhine. For the presented spatial approaches, suitable parameter sets are found, which allow the reproduction of nominal dune parameters in the range of a few centimetres. However, if parameter sets are chosen inadequately, the subsequently derived dune parameters can deviate by several decimetres from the simulated truth. A simulation-based workflow is presented, to find the optimal hydrographic data processing strategy for a given dune geometry.
Global Justice Index Report 2020
Authors: Gu Yanfeng , Qin Xuan , Wang Zhongyuan , Zhang Chunman , Guo Sujian 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe Global Justice Index is a multiyear research project conducted at the Fudan-IAS to conceptualize and measure each country’s contribution to achieving greater global justice. In 2019, we completed our research project on first-year achievements, with the rankings of nation-states at the global level based on data from 2010 to 2017. This was published titled the “Global Justice Index Report” inChinese Political Science Review(Vol. 5, No. 3, 2020). The “Global Justice Index Report 2020” is the second annual report based on our work analyzing data from 2010 to 2018, which was concluded in 2020. In order to better measure each country’s performance and contribution to achieving greater global justice, compared to the first edition published in 2020, we have improved the model, added the refugee issue to expand the issue areas to 10, and added new indicators, regional analysis and comparison in this report. The report comprises five main sections. In the introduction, we discuss the development of the conceptual framework and evaluative principles to justify our selection of dimensions and indicators for measurement. Next, in the section of methodology, we discuss the production, normalization, and aggregation of the raw data and the generation of the final results. In the findings section, we report the data, indicators and our results for the ten issues, and provide regional comparisons. And then, in the following section we present the main results, and report the ranking of each country’s contribution to achieving greater global justice. In the final section, we discuss the applications and limitations of the index, and its potential further research trajectories.
»Ich bin seit Montag Zuhause in Quarantäne« – Zur Verbindung von Erzählen und Argumentieren in Social-Media-Kommentaren zu politischen Reden
Authors: Michel Sascha , Pfurtscheller Daniel 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungDieser Artikel untersucht die Verbindung von Erzählen und Argumentieren im Kontext politischer Reden zur Coronakrise. Die qualitative Untersuchung basiert auf einem Korpus von 650 Kommentaren, die Nutzer*innen im Anschluss an die sogenannten Lockdown-Reden von Sebastian Kurz und Angela Merkel im März 2020 auf verschiedenen Social-Media-Plattformen veröffentlicht haben. In den Kommentaren lassen sich Formen des fragmentarischen Erzählens nachvollziehen, das zur Stützung von Argumenten und zur Positionierung im kommunikativen Gefüge der beteiligten Akteure im Kontext der verkündeten Lockdown-Maßnahmen dient.
Hormone und Knochenstoffwechsel
Authors: Feigl Sarah 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Knochenstoffwechsel ist ein komplexer Vorgang, der von zahlreichen Hormonen abhängt und durch ihre Wirkungen zeitlebens dynamisch beeinflusst wird. Nicht nur in der Zeit des Wachstums und in Hormonmangelphasen, sondern auch in den vielen Jahren des „stabilen Gleichgewichts“ im Erwachsenenalter sollte bei verminderter Knochendichte an hormonelle Veränderungen gedacht und vor allem auch eine bestehende Medikation des/der Patienten/in erfragt werden. Aufklärungsarbeit ist besonders wichtig in den kritischen Phasen der Pubertät und Menopause, wo die Verunsicherung der Patientinnen groß und der Einfluss der verschriebenen Hormonpräparate nicht zu unterschätzen ist.Der Knochenstoffwechsel wird von vielen Hormonen beeinflusst. In der Wachstumsphase ist Somatotropin und Östrogen bestimmend. Parathormon, Calcitonin und Leptin nehmen ebenso eine wichtige Rolle ein. Sie entfalten ihre Wirkung direkt durch Beeinflussung der Osteoblasten und Osteoklasten, aber auch indirekt durch den Vitamin-D-Stoffwechsel und Kontrolle des Körpergewichts. Ist ein Regelkreis gestört, büßen die Betroffenen Knochendichte ein, in jungen Jahren kann es zu vermindertem Körperwachstum kommen. Vor allem in der kritischen Phase vor Erreichen der Peak Bone Mass und in der Menopause ist die Funktion der Sexualhormone nicht zu unterschätzen. Besonderes Augenmerk liegt auf dem Einfluss der Kontrazeptiva und der Hormonersatztherapie, welche die Knochengesundheit maßgeblich beeinflussen können.
A network view on reliability: using machine learning to understand how we assess news websites
Authors: Blanke Tobias , Venturini Tommaso 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article shows how a machine can employ a network view to reason about complex social relations of news reliability. Such a network view promises a topic-agnostic perspective that can be a useful hint on reliability trends and their heterogeneous assumptions. In our analysis, we depart from the ever-growing numbers of papers trying to find machine learning algorithms to predict the reliability of news and focus instead on using machine reasoning to understand the structure of news networks by comparing it with our human judgements. Understanding and representing news networks is not easy, not only because they can be extremely vast but also because they are shaped by several overlapping network dynamics. We present a machine learning approach to analyse what constitutes reliable news from the view of a network. Our aim is to machine-read a network’s understanding of news reliability. To analyse real-life news sites, we used the Décodex dataset to train machine learning models from the structure of the underlying network. We then employ the models to draw conclusions how the Décodex evaluators came to assess the reliability of news.
Establishing a Foundation for Performance Measurement for Local Public Health Preparedness
Authors: Schlegelmilch Jeff , Stripling Mitch , Chandler Thomas , Marx Sabine , Gu Paul Bonwoo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe development of performance measures is not a new concept in the disaster preparedness space. For over a decade, goals have been developed and tied to federal preparedness grant programs. However, these measures have been heavily criticized for their inability to truly measure preparedness. There is also growing frustration at the local level that these performance measures do not account for local readiness priorities or the outcome-driven value of emergency response activities. To define an appropriate theoretical framework for the development of performance measures, a review of the literature on existing planning and preparedness frameworks was conducted, with an iterative feedback process with a local health agency. This paper presents elements of that literature review that were most directly along with the conceptual framework that was used as a starting point for future iterations of a comprehensive performance measure development project.
GENERATION OF TWO NEW RADIOCARBON STANDARDS FOR COMPOUND-SPECIFIC RADIOCARBON ANALYSES OF FATTY ACIDS FROM BOG BUTTER FINDS
Authors: Casanova Emmanuelle , Knowles Timothy D J , Mulhall Isabella , Sikora Maeve , Smyth Jessica , Evershed Richard P 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTThe analysis of processing standards alongside samples for quality assurance in radiocarbon (14C) analyses is critical. Ideally, these standards should be similar both in nature and age to unknown samples. A new compound-specific approach was developed at the University of Bristol for dating pottery vessels using palmitic and stearic fatty acids extracted from within the clay matrix and isolated by preparative capillary gas chromatography. Obtaining suitable potsherds for use as processing standards in such analyses is not feasible, so we suggest that bog butter represents an ideal material for such purposes. We sampled ca. 450 g from two bog butter specimens and homogenized them by melting. We verified the homogeneity of both specimens by characterization of their lipid composition, δ13C values of individual lipids, and both bulk- and compound-specific radiocarbon analyses on 10 sub-samples of each bog butter specimen. The weighted means of all 14C measurements on the bog butter standards are 3777 ± 4 BP (IB33) and 338 ± 3 BP (IB38), thereby providing age-relevant standards for archaeological and historical fatty acids and ensuring the accuracy of radiocarbon determinations of lipids using a compound-specific approach. These new secondary standards will be subjected to an intercomparison exercise to provide robust consensus values.
A three-dimensional printed myringotomy, tympanostomy and ventilation tube placement simulator
Authors: Ferreira e Silva L , Chisté Ferreira M , Couceiro Seto I I , Martins Umbelino A , Aguiar Gomes V C , de Borborema Garcia L , Almeida Amaro L J 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveTympanostomy is one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures in otolaryngology, and its complexity is challenging for trainee surgeons. Investing in medical education is a cornerstone of good patient safety practices. For trainees, use of simulators before operating on actual patients helps mitigate risks. This study aimed to develop a three-dimensional printed model simulator for myringotomy, tympanostomy and ventilation tube placement.MethodsAn articulated model with a detachable portion, base and plastic bag to simulate the external auditory canal, middle ear and tympanic membrane, respectively, was modelled and printed.ResultsThe final simulator was made from acrylonitrile butadiene styrene polymer and measured 4 × 4 × 12 cm. It was designed to mimic the angulation of patient anatomy in the myringotomy position and simulate the texture and colour of the tissues of interest. The cost was low, and testing with an operating microscope and endoscope yielded satisfactory results. The advent of three-dimensional printing technology has made surgical simulation more accessible and less expensive, providing several advantages for medical education.ConclusionThe proposed model fulfilled expectations as a safe, inexpensive, reproducible, user-friendly and accessible surgical education tool that can be improved and reassessed for further research.
Assembling a cohort for in-depth, longitudinal assessments of the biological embedding of child maltreatment: Methods, complexities, and lessons learned
Authors: Schreier Hannah M. C. , Heim Christine M. , Rose Emma J. , Shalev Idan , Shenk Chad E. , Noll Jennie G. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAs championed by the work of Ed Zigler, investing in nurturing environments for all children is a chief tenet of primary prevention that will have far-reaching benefits to the health and welfare of all members of society. Children who endure child maltreatment (CM) are among society's most vulnerable. Prospective longitudinal research aimed at a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms linking CM to subsequent adverse health consequences is needed to improve outcomes and to strengthen causal inference. This paper outlines the methods of the Child Health Study (CHS), a large, state-wide longitudinal cohort of recently maltreated and nonmaltreated youth aged 8–13 who will be assessed every 2 years. The CHS is designed to include in-depth assessments of multiple environmental, behavioral, neural, physiological, and molecular mechanisms through which CM may impact a broad spectrum of youth development, including behavioral and physical health outcomes. In addition to describing the conceptual framework and methods underlying the CHS, we provide information on valuable “lessons learned” in the hopes of supporting future research efforts facing similar challenges. The ultimate goal of this research is demonstrating how policies regarding CM impact the well-being, resilience and recovery of survivors and that they are worthy of large public investment.
Resilience-promoting policies and contexts for children of color in the United States: Existing research and future priorities
Authors: Slopen Natalie , Williams David R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe health status of children in the United States varies by racial and ethnic, shaped by an interrelated set of systems that disadvantage children of color in the United States. In this article, we argue for a broad view of resilience, in both research and policy, that views resilience not just as a property of individuals but also as a characteristic of social contexts and policies. Accordingly, we describe the empirical evidence for policies and contexts as factors that can improve health among children and families that are deprived of equal opportunities and resources due to structural racism. We discuss the evidence and opportunities for policies and interventions across a variety of societal systems, including programs to promote economic and food security, early education, health care, and the neighborhood and community context. Based on this evidence and other research on racism and resilience, we conclude by outlining some directions for future research.