bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic Factors of Complications After Thoracoscopic Lobectomy for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer-A Retrospective Study
Authors: Wang Kai , Xia Derun , Yin Yi , Wang Yu , Sun Sibo , Zhang Mingjiong , liu Wen , Wu Shuangshuang , Peng zhihang , Wu Jianqing 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery, safe and minimally invasive, is the first strategy recommended for non-small cell lung cancer. The purpose of this study was to determine the risk factors for postoperative cardiopulmonary complications (including cardiac and pulmonary complications) in patients with NSCLC who underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS).Methods: We retrospectively collected information of 3142 lung cancer patients undergoing VATS tumor resection at Jiangsu Provincial People's Hospital from January 2017 to June 2018, and established a clinical prediction model using the factors selected by univariate analysis.Results: A total of 305 in 3142 patients developed postoperative cardiopulmonary complications. In univariate analysis, age, PNI, CCI, long-term smoking history before surgery, conversion to thoracotomy, albumin before surgery, pre-albumin, Δalbumin and pleura adhesion were all associated with cardiac and pulmonary complications. Multivariate analysis showed that age, PNI, CCI, long-term smoking history before surgery, conversion to thoracotomy, pre-albumin, Δalbumin were important independent risk factors for complications. Finally, age, PNI, CCI, long-term smoking history before surgery, conversion to thoracotomy, Δalbumin variables were included in the model (AUC=0.743).Conclusion: Nutritional status (PNI, pre-albumin), CCI, age, long-term smoking history before surgery, conversion to thoracotomy were all independent risk factors for postoperative complications and poor prognosis. Experienced surgeons should instruct the operation of high-risk patients to avoid long-term hospitalization and possible poor prognosis after surgery.
Influence of Poisson Effect of Compression Anchor Grout on Interfacial Shear Stress
Authors: bingxiong tu , Chao Liu , Lihua Zhang , Haitao Wang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The distribution and magnitude of the shear stress at the interface between the grout of a compression anchor rod and rock are strongly affected by the Poisson effect. To quantitatively analyze the influence of the Poisson effect on the interfacial shear stress of compression anchor rods, the equations for calculating the axial force and interfacial shear stress at the grout cross section in the anchorage section are derived in this paper, accounting for the Poisson effect of the grout. Based on the analytical solution, a new equation of the influence coefficient of the Poisson effect is proposed to quantitatively evaluate the influence of the Poisson effect on the interfacial shear stress. Distributions of the interfacial shear stress and the influence coefficient of the Poisson effect are analyzed with different parameter values. There is a neutral point in the anchorage section near the bearing plate, at which the magnitude of the shear stress is not affected by the Poisson effect. When the Poisson effect is considered, the interfacial shear stress from the neutral point to the bearing plate increases, and the distribution curve becomes steep. However, the interfacial shear stress far from the neutral point is low, and the distribution curve becomes smooth. Overall, the Poisson effect leads to a more nonuniform distribution of the shear stress at the interface of the compression anchor rod. A larger Poisson's ratio, smaller elastic modulus, and smaller diameter of the grout lead to a greater influence of the Poisson effect. Furthermore, a larger elastic modulus of rock leads to a greater influence of the Poisson effect. The Poisson's ratio of rock and that of grout both affect the Poisson effect greatly, but the influence of the variation in the Poisson’s ratio of rock on the Poisson effect is negligible. A larger interface friction angle leads to a greater influence of the Poisson effect.
Alkali Activation of Fly Ash in the Presence of Sodium Nitrate
Authors: Ofer-Rozovsky Ela , Bar-Nes Gabriela , Katz Amnon , Haddad Michal Arbel 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The use of fly ash as a precursor for geopolymer has been investigated during the last decades for various applications. The aim of this research was to study the effect of nitrate on the formation and evolution of fly ash-based geopolymers, in order to assess their applicability as waste immobilization matrices. These may be of interest in order to treat waste streams from agricultural runoff and various industries including the nuclear industry. Fly ash was alkali-activated using NaOH solutions of various alkalinities, to which nitrates were added as NaNO3. The samples were cured at 40֯C for different periods and characterized by X-Ray diffractometry, Fourier transform mid-Infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and compressive strength measurements. The content of neo-formed crystalline phases in fly ash-based geopolymers was found to be lower than in metakaolin-based systems studied previously. The nature of the minerals formed in nitrate-free samples differed from those obtained in corresponding metakaolin-based geopolymers. Nevertheless, the dominant phase formed in the presence of nitrate at sufficiently high alkalinity was nitrate-cancrinite, as reported for metakaolin-based geopolymers, regardless of the type of fly-ash used. Although the presence of nitrates was found to have a promoting effect on the geopolymerization process of metakaolin-based geopolymers, it was found to inhibit the processes in fly-ash-based geopolymers.The formation of crystalline phases in FA-based geopolymers suggests that these materials may be used for immobilizing various hazardous species, while FA-based geopolymers containing the nitrate-cancrinite can be considered as a promising candidate for immobilizing radionuclides from radioactive wastes.
A Descriptive Study of Sports Chiropractors
Authors: Nelson Luke , Pollard Henry , Ames Rick , Jarosz Brett , Garbutt Pete , Costa Cliff Da 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUND:This paper describes the education and case management profile of sports chiropractors with the Federation of International Sports Chiropractors (FICS) postgraduate qualification: International chiropractic sport science practitioner (ICSSP). The ICSSP is the predominant international sports chiropractic qualification.METHODS:A 39-item web-based survey examining practitioner, practice and clinical management characteristics was distributed via email to all sports chiropractors who hold an ICSSP (n = 240) in 2015. RESULTS:The survey response rate was 64% (n = 154). The average age of the chiropractors was 31-40 years, just over three quarters were male and have been in practice for 5-10 years. The majority of respondents were based in North America.Sports chiropractors treat a wide range of musculoskeletal conditions with multimodal care (active and passive) and treat professional, semi-professional and Olympic athletes. Sports chiropractors have referral and co-management relationships with a range of conventional and allied health providers.CONCLUSIONS: There is often a lack of knowledge and misinformation about the background of sports chiropractors. This study refutes a number of commonly held misbeliefs, and describes a workforce that is well educated, treat high-level athletes, utilise a multimodal approach to management, treat a wide variety of non-spinal musculoskeletal conditions, frequently prescribe rehabilitative exercise, and refer to and co-manage with other members of the sports medicine team.Trial registration: This study was approved by the RMIT University, SEH College Human Ethics Advisory Network (ASEHAPP 52-14 AMES)
Clinicopathological Characteristics and Survival Outcomes in Mammary Paget's Disease: a Retrospective Study Based on a Chinese Population
Authors: Han Bo-yue , Xu Xiao-li , Zhu Xiu-zhi , Han Xiang-chen , Hu Xin , Ling Hong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Mammary Paget's disease (PD) is a rare type of breast cancer. Most cases of PD is presented with underlying ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or invasive breast carcinoma (IDC). This study aimed to investigate the clinicopathological characteristics and survival outcomes of PD patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 406 patients diagnosed with PD with IDC/DCIS at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (FUSCC) were recruited as the PD group, 1218 patients diagnosed with IDC/DCIS alone during the same period were selected as the non-PD group, and the clinicopathological results of these two groups were compared. The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was used to investigate the clinicopathological features between PD and non-PD patients for validation. Then, a matched group study was performed to compare the survival of PD and non-PD patients.Results: Compared with the non-PD group, the PD group was much more likely to have larger (≥2 cm: 43.1% vs. 35.5%, P<0.001), less hormone receptor (HR)-positive (68.5% vs. 26.6%, P<0.001), more human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2)-positive (70.7% vs. 27.5%, P<0.001) and higher Ki-67 proportion (51.5% vs. 42.5%, P<0.001) tumors. The HER-2 overexpression subtype accounted for the largest proportion in the PD-IDC group and the lowest proportion in the non-PD-IDC group (54% vs. 8%, P<0.01). Moreover, the PD group had significantly worse disease-free survival (DFS) than the non-PD group (5-year DFS: 91.8% vs. 97.3%, P=0.001), and the SEER database showed a similar trend. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses demonstrated that PD was an independent poor-risk factor for breast cancer survival. Our matched study showed that the PD group had worse survival than the non-PD group after excluding age, HR, HER-2, tumor size and lymph node status.Conclusions: PD with IDC/DCIS is associated with more aggressive tumor characteristics and worse survival outcomes. More than half of PD breast cancers are of the HER-2 overexpression subtype. PD is an independent poor-risk factor for breast cancer survival.
Dietary Effect of Padina boergesenii on Growth, Immune Response and Disease Resistance against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Cirrhinus mrigala.
Authors: C Ragunath , C Ramasubramanian 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Seaweeds are potential renewable resources in the aquatic environment. The present study was made to evaluate the influence of seaweed Padina boergesenii incorporated with basal diet in different concentrations. The Phyto-constituents of the seaweeds were characterized by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry. Diets were formulated to include seaweed meal at elevated levels from 0.5%, 2.5%, 4.5% and 6.5%. The C. mrigala fed with P.boergesenii incorporated with basal diet for a period of 45 days. The Growth parameters (weight gain, Specific growth rate) and biochemical constituents were observed significantly. The fraction of extracts showed effective inhibitory activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Hence, this study suggests that extracts of seaweed P. boergesenii, contain potential bioactive compounds with considerable antibiotic activity.
Forest Fragmentation Slows the Decomposition of Coarse Woody Debris in a Subtropical Forest
Authors: Wu Chunsheng , Shu Chunjie , Li Baoyong , Zhang Zhijian , Li Yanyan , Zhang Yi , Liu Yuanqiu 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Forest fragmentation is increasing rapidly around the world, and edge effects caused by fragmented forests can influence ecosystem functions and ecological processes, including coarse woody debris (CWD) decomposition. Understanding the influencing mechanisms of edge effect on CWD decomposition is needed to assess the effects of forest fragmentation on C cycling and storage. We measured rates of mass loss of CWD of Cinnamomum camphora and Pinus taiwanensis over two years at two distances (0-5m vs. 60m) from a forest edge at two altitudes (215 and 1400 m a.s.l.), in a subtropical forest. In addition, we determined the microbial community of each CWD and the soil beneath via phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs). Mass loss of CWD 60 m from the forest edge was > 15 % greater than that at the edge (0-5m). Mass loss was positively correlated with the abundance of microbial community and moisture content of the decaying CWD. Distance from edge explained 17.4% of the total variation of the microbial abundance in CWD. The results indicated that the reduced abundance of microbial communities and moisture content at forest edges reduced rates of decomposition of CWD. Long-term experiments with more tree species and more forest types are needed to assess the edge effect's generality.
Phylogenetic and Codon Usage Analysis for Capsid and Replicase Genes of Porcine Circovirus 3
Authors: Yu Xianglong , Gao Kuipeng , Pi Molin , Li Huizi , Zhong Wenxia , Li Baojian , Ning Zhangyong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) is a highly contagious virus belonging to the family Circoviridae that causes the severe dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome. To date, PCV3 has a worldwide distribution and bring huge economic loss in swine industry. Replicase protein (Rep) and capsid protein (Cap) are two major proteins of PCV3. Considering that the large number of new PCV3 isolates were reported in the past few years and the research for the codon usage pattern of Rep and Cap genes was still a gap, phylogenetic and codon usage analysis of these two genes was performed. Phylogenetic analysis with all strains showed no clear clusters were displayed, but almost all strains of one genotype were separated into same clade. Relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) analysis revealed that the codon usage bias existed and effective number of codon (ENC) analysis showed that the bias was slight low. ENC-GC3s plot indicated that mutational pressure and other factors both play a role in PCV3 codon usage and neutrality plot analysis showed that natural selection was the main force influencing the codon usage pattern. In summary, the results provided the important basic data on codon usage pattern of Rep and Cap genes, and a better understanding of the evolution and potential origin of PCV3.
Zoledronic Acid Induces Early Changes of VEGF Levels in Women With Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
Authors: Bellone Federica , Catalano Antonino , Sottile Angelo Ruggero , Gaudio Agostino , Loddo Saverio , Corica Francesco , Morabito Nunziata 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Zoledronic acid (Zol) is a widely used intravenous aminobisphosphonate to treat both benign and malignant skeletal diseases, and bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) is a serious side effect whose pathophysiology remains poorly understood. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) has been recognized to mediate BRONJ in cancer patients undergoing Zol treatment, however data on VEGF are lacking in patients with osteoporosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of Zol on VEGF levels in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis.28 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis were enrolled and randomized into 2 groups to receive Zol (5 mg) or placebo. At baseline, at day-3 and day-30 VEGF serum levels were measured; bone turnover markers, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and serum calcium were evaluated at baseline.In Zol-treated women, VEGF increased significantly on day-3, and then decreased on day-30. The VEGF change (-18% at day-30 vs. baseline, p=0.01) was significantly associated with 25(OH)D levels, after correcting for age, BMI, time since menopause, femoral neck BMD, osteocalcin, C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen and baseline VEGF levels.For the first time, we detected early modifications of circulating VEGF in postmenopausal women receiving Zol for osteoporosis, identifying a vitamin D-dependent modulation of these changes.
Polarity Based Model for Guiding Medical School Strategy During Crisis - A Cross Sectional Qualitative Study
Authors: Ahmed Samar A. , Kumar Archana Prabu , Wasfy Nourhan F. , Hegazy Nagwa N. , Abouzeid Enjy , Hassanien Mohammed A , Shehata Mohamed H. , Kayser W. Cliff , Mostafa Randa M , Khan Yawar Hayat , Hamdy Hossam 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Crises like the COVID pandemic in academia can best be dealt with as a polarity that needs to be leveraged rather than a problem that needs to be solved. This work aimed at utilizing the Polarity Approach for Continuity and Transformation (PACT)™ to establish a guide for medical schools during times of crisis to minimize the effect of crisis-driven decisions on strategic growth. Methods: A qualitative study followed the 5-Steps of the PACT process was conducted. A virtual mapping session was held with 108 medical educators from 22 countries to determine the upsides and downsides of strategic orientation and crisis management subsequently. Results: Four polarity maps were generated identifying four tension areas; University reputation, mission, teams, and individuals followed by a 72-item assessment and another mapping session to map the warning signs and action steps. A comparison between private school scores and the whole cohort of respondents showed that private schools had higher scores in all tension areas but still showed the least score for the “teams” tension. Conclusion: This study highlighted the importance of taking measures to communicate the mission and supporting team functions inside universities either by enhancing resources or utilizing time and effort-saving strategies.
Autosomal Dominant Non-Syndromic Hearing Loss Maps to DFNA33 (13q34) and Co-Segregates with Splice Site Variants in ATP11A, A Phospholipid Flippase Gene
Authors: Pater Justin , Penney Cindy , O’Rielly Darren , Griffin Anne , Shohat Mordechai , Barel Ortal , French Curtis R , Singh Sushma , Werdyani Salem , Burt Taylor , Abdelfatah Nelly , Houston Jim , Doucette Lance , Squires Jessica , Roslin Nicole , Vincent Daniel , Marquis Pascale , Woodland Geoffrey , Stanton Susan , Young Terry-Lynn 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Whole genome approaches are superior for identifying recessive genes, however discovery of dominant genes including deafness genes (DFNA) remains challenging. Herein we report a new DFNA gene, ATP11A, in a Newfoundland family with a variable form of bilateral sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Targeted screening of DFNA genes based on audioprofiles was unsuccessful. Genome-wide SNP genotyping linked SNHL to DFNA33 (Lod = 4.77), a locus on 13q34 previously mapped in a German family with variable SNHL in 2009. WGS identified 51 unremarkable positional variants on 13q34. Continuous clinical ascertainment identified several key recombination events and reduced the disease interval to 769 Kb, excluding all but one variant. ATP11A (NC_000013.11: g.190616G > A) is a novel point mutation predicted to be a cryptic donor splice site. RNA studies in patient-derived tissues verified in silico predictions, revealing the retention of 153bp of intron in the 3’ UTR of several ATP11A isoforms. A second, unresolved family from Israel with a similar, variable form of SNHL and a novel duplication in exon 28 of ATP11A that occurs within the splice donor sequence (intron 28). ATP11A is a type of P4-ATPase that transports (flip) phospholipids from the outer to inner leaflet of cell membranes to maintain asymmetry. Haploinsufficiency of ATP11A, the phospholipid flippase that specially transports phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), could leave cells with PS/PE at the extracellular side vulnerable to phagocytic degradation. Given that surface PS can be pharmaceutically targeted, hearing loss due to ATP11A could potentially be treated. It is also likely that ATP11A is the gene underlying DFNA33.
Achieving High Efficiency and Pure Blue Color in Hyperfluorescence Organic Light Emitting Diodes using Organo-Boron Based Emitters
Authors: Naveen Kenkera , Lee Hyuna , Braveenth Ramanaskanda , Karthik Durai , Yang Ki , Hwang Soon , Kwon Jang Hyuk 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In the field of organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), organo-boron based thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters have reached great achievement. However, it is still challenging to achieve pure blue color (CIE y < 0.20) along with high efficiencies. To overcome these hurdles, hyperfluorescence (HF) suggest a key strategy in future OLED applications. Here, we report two TADF materials, pMDBA-DI and mMDBA-DI. Further, a pure blue multi resonance type tert-butyl substituted fluorescence emitter, t-Bu-ν-DABNA was also synthesized. Among our synthesized TADF materials based pure blue HF devices, mMDBA-DI as TADF sensitized host with t-Bu-ν-DABNA fluorescence emitter exhibited a high external quantum efficiency of 40.7% (Lambertian assumption) along with narrow emission with full width at half maximum of 19 nm (CIE y = 0.15). Moreover, we analyzed that such high device efficiency is mainly attributed to the high orientation factor, enhanced photoluminescence quantum yield, and a good TADF characteristic of t-Bu-ν-DABNA with high Förster resonance energy transfer.
MTOR Kinase is a Therapeutic Target for Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Coronaviruses
Authors: Huynh HoangDinh , Levitz Ruth , Kahn Jeffrey 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Therapeutic interventions targeting viral infections remain a significant challenge for both the medical and scientific communities. While specific antiviral agents have shown success as therapeutics, viral resistance inevitably develops making many of these approaches ineffective. This inescapable obstacle warrants alternative approaches, such as targeting host cellular factors. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), the major respiratory pathogen of infants and children worldwide, causes respiratory tract infection ranging from mild upper respiratory tract symptoms to severe life-threatening lower respiratory tract disease. Despite the fact that the molecular biology of the virus, which was originally discovered in 1956, is well described, there is no vaccine or effective antiviral treatment against RSV infection. Here, we demonstrate that targeting host factors, specifically, mTOR signaling, limits RSV protein production and viral replication. Further, we show that this approach is generalizable as inhibition of mTOR kinases reduces coronavirus gene expression, protein production and replication. Overall, defining virus replication-dependent host functions may be an effective means to combat viral infections, particular in the absence of antiviral drugs.