bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suppressing chlorophyll degradation by silencing OsNYC3 improves rice resistance to Rhizoctonia solani, the causal agent of sheath blight
Authors: Cao Wenlei , Zhang Huimin , Zhou Yong , Zhao Jianhua , Lu Shuaibing , Wang Xiaoqiu , Chen Xijun , Yuan Liming , Guan Haiying , Wang Guangda , Shen Wangxin , De Vleesschauwer David , Li Zhiqiang , Shi Xiaopin , Gu Junfei , Guo Min , Feng Zhiming , Chen Zongxiang , Zhang Yafang , Pan Xuebiao , Liu Wende , Liang Guohua , Yan Changjie , Hu Keming , Liu Qiaoquan , Zuo Shimin 
Published: September 2021

SummaryNecrotrophic fungus Rhizoctonia solani Kühn (R. solani) causes serious diseases in many crops worldwide, including rice and maize sheath blight (ShB). Crop resistance to the fungus is a quantitative trait and resistance mechanism remains largely unknown, severely hindering the progress on developing resistant varieties. In this study, we found that resistant variety YSBR1 has apparently stronger ability to suppress the expansion of R. solani than susceptible Lemont in both field and growth chamber conditions. Comparison of transcriptomic profiles shows that the photosynthetic system including chlorophyll biosynthesis is highly suppressed by R. solani in Lemont but weakly in YSBR1. YSBR1 shows higher chlorophyll content than that of Lemont, and inducing chlorophyll degradation by dark treatment significantly reduces its resistance. Furthermore, three rice mutants and one maize mutant that carry impaired chlorophyll biosynthesis all display enhanced susceptibility to R. solani. Overexpression of OsNYC3, a chlorophyll degradation gene apparently induced expression by R. solani infection, significantly enhanced ShB susceptibility in a high‐yield ShB‐susceptible variety ‘9522’. However, silencing its transcription apparently improves ShB resistance without compromising agronomic traits or yield in field tests. Interestingly, altering chlorophyll content does not affect rice resistance to blight and blast diseases, caused by biotrophic and hemi‐biotrophic pathogens, respectively. Our study reveals that chlorophyll plays an important role in ShB resistance and suppressing chlorophyll degradation induced by R. solani infection apparently improves rice ShB resistance. This discovery provides a novel target for developing resistant crop to necrotrophic fungus R. solani.
By No Other Means Than Peace: W.E.B. Du Bois on Nonviolence, World peace, and Justice
Authors: Corazza Chiara 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe “battle for peace” characterized Du Bois’s commitment throughout his entire life. Following the methodology for a global history of political concepts, this study highlights the theoretical connections Du Bois drew between peace and racial justice through a global lens. In particular, the attention Du Bois paid to Gandhi is related to his global vision of solidarity against racism, colonialism, and imperialism. The analysis demonstrates how Du Bois’s final fictional works provide additional meanings to his conceptualization of peace. Ultimately, Du Bois’s semantic challenge consists in giving the notion of peace a depth of movement. In this vision, according to Du Bois, world peace is not an aim or an ideal, but the material conditions for establishing a true democracy.
Interrater reliability of spectrogram for detecting wheezing in children
Authors: Bae Woori , Kim Kyunghoon , Yoon Jong‐seo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundAuscultation is an easy way to evaluate and diagnose patients with lung conditions but has the shortcoming of being subjective. Using the spectrogram, it is possible to visualize wheezing. We therefore conducted a study to compare the efficacy of diagnosing wheezing by auscultation versus diagnosing wheezing by spectrogram.MethodsThis was an investigation of interrater reliability and agreement in which the subject population consisted of children, and the rater population consisted of pediatric pulmonologists. We recorded 55 respiratory sound files from June to November 2019. Three pediatric pulmonologists listened to the respiratory sound files and assessed whether wheezing was present. All respiratory sound files were also converted into spectrograms; the same pulmonologists viewed these and assessed whether wheezing was present. We tested for interrater reliability and agreement between the auscultation results and spectrographic results and investigated the diagnostic reliability of auscultation versus spectrogram.ResultsAgreement among the three raters of our auscultation respiratory recordings was 88% and reliability was good (κ = 0.76, P < 0.001). Agreement among the three raters of our spectrograms was 83% and reliability was good (κ =0.66, P < 0.001). The level of agreement between each rater's spectrographic findings and diagnosed wheezing was 91%, 75%, and 93%, respectively. Reliability was accordingly very good, moderate, and very good (κ = 0.82, 0.49, 0.85, P < 0.001), respectively.ConclusionsA spectrogram may be a valuable tool for evaluating wheezing in children. It may also be used to improve a young clinician's ability to accurately diagnose wheezing in the future.
Increased alpha suppression with age during involuntary memory retrieval
Authors: Henderson Sarah E. , Hall Shana A. , Callegari Jessica M. , Desjardins James A. , Segalowitz Sidney J. , Campbell Karen L. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRecent work suggests that while voluntary episodic memory declines with age, involuntary episodic memory, which comes to mind spontaneously without intention, remains relatively intact. However, the neurophysiology underlying these differences has yet to be established. The current study used electroencephalography (EEG) to investigate voluntary and involuntary retrieval in older and younger adults. Participants first encoded sounds, half of which were paired with pictures, the other half unpaired. EEG was then recorded as they listened to the sounds, with participants in the involuntary group performing a sound localization cover task, and those in the voluntary group additionally attempting to recall the associated pictures. Participants later reported which sounds brought the paired picture to mind during the localization task. Reaction times on the localization task were slower for voluntary than involuntary retrieval and for paired than unpaired sounds, possibly reflecting increased attentional demands of voluntary retrieval and interference from reactivation of the associated pictures respectively. For the EEG analyses, young adults showed greater alpha event‐related desynchronization (ERD) during voluntary than involuntary retrieval at frontal and occipital sites, while older adults showed pronounced alpha ERD regardless of intention. Additionally, older adults showed greater ERD for paired than unpaired sounds at occipital sites, likely reflecting visual reactivation of the associated pictures. Young adults did not show this alpha ERD memory effect. Taken together, these data suggest that involuntary memory is largely preserved with age, but this may be due to older adults' greater recruitment of top‐down control even when demand for such control is limited.
Pulmonary fibrosis in non‐mutation carriers of families with short telomere syndrome gene mutations
Authors: van der Vis Joanne J. , van der Smagt Jasper J. , van Batenburg Aernoud A. , Goldschmeding Roel , van Es H. Wouter , Grutters Jan C. , van Moorsel Coline H. M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackground and objectiveDiagnostic and predictive genetic testing for disease cause and risk estimation is common in many countries. For genetic diseases, predictive test results are commonly straightforward: presence of the mutation involves increased risk for disease and absence of the mutation involves no inherit risk for disease. Germline mutations in telomere‐related genes (TRGs) can lead to telomere shortening and are associated with short telomere syndrome (STS). Telomere length is heritable, and in families with STS due to a TRG mutation, progeny with and without the TRG mutation is known to have shorter than average telomeres. We hypothesize that progeny of TRG mutation carriers who did not inherit the TRG mutation may still develop pulmonary fibrosis.MethodsA genetic screen of 99 unrelated families with familial pulmonary fibrosis revealed five patients with features of pulmonary fibrosis but without carrying the familial disease‐causing TRG mutation.ResultsFeatures of STS were present in each family, including short telomeres in blood and tissue of the non‐mutation carrying patients. Additional genetic, clinical or environmental risk factors for pulmonary fibrosis were present in each non‐mutation carrying patient.ConclusionOur study shows that non‐mutation carrying first‐degree relatives in families with STS are at increased risk for pulmonary fibrosis. Disease development may be triggered by inherited short telomeres and additional risk factors for disease. This observation has profound consequences for genetic counselling. Unlike any other genetic syndrome, absence of the mutation does not imply absence of disease risk. Therefore, clinical follow‐up is still urged for non‐mutation carrying first‐degree family members.
UK‐based specialist dental professionals’ experiences of working with autistic patients
Authors: McMillion Audrey , Tobiansky Beth , Wang Kefei , Cronin Aaron J. , Johnson Adele , Monteiro Joana , Remington Anna 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimsPrevious research has demonstrated that autistic individuals often experience difficulties accessing dental care, both as a result of autism specific difficulties and practitioners’ attitudes towards autism. However, very little research exists that explores dental professionals’ experiences of providing care to their autistic patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the strategies UK‐based dental professionals’ use when working with autistic patientsMethods and ResultsIn this study, dental professionals (n = 16) from a variety of specialty roles (special care, paediatrics, orthodontics) were interviewed. We asked participants to talk through, in depth, specific cases they had encountered in their practice, what sorts of accommodations they had provided, and what concerns had arisen during appointments. Thematic analysis was used to analyses the data and revealed four main themes: the unique dental needs associated with being autistic, effective adaptations to practice, the crucial role of the caregiver, and the importance of specialist knowledgeConclusionRecommendations for how dentists can improve the dental experiences of autistic patients can be drawn from the specialist dentists’ responses in this study. These include involving autistic patients in decisions about their treatment and being flexible and willing to work with autistic patients and their caregivers.
From Self‐Determination to Offspring‐Determination? Reproductive Autonomy, Procrustean Parenting, and Genetic Enhancement
Authors: Rueda Jon 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEmerging reprogenetic technologies may radically change how humans reproduce in the not‐so‐distant future. One foreseeable consequence of disruptive innovations in the procreative domain is an increase in the reproductive autonomy of intended parents. Regarding the prospective parental liberty of enhancing non‐health–related traits of the offspring, one controversy has particularly dominated the literature. Does parents' choice of genetically enhancing the traits of their descendants compromise children's future personal autonomy? In this article, I will analyse the main arguments which posit that reprogenetic enhancement could be at odds with the child's future autonomy. I will argue that these objections are ill‐founded. Moreover, I will present other arguments that show that reprogenetic technologies can enhance the autonomy of future children. Autonomy enhancement is a plausible and pro tanto desirable application of emerging reprogenetic technologies.
Proteins associated with the Arabidopsis thaliana plastid rhomboid‐like protein RBL10
Authors: Lavell Anastasiya , Smith Montgomery , Xu Yang , Froehlich John E. , De La Mora Cameron , Benning Christoph 
Published: September 2021

SUMMARYRhomboid‐like proteins are intramembrane proteases with a variety of regulatory roles in cells. Though many rhomboid‐like proteins are predicted in plants, their detailed molecular mechanisms or cellular functions are not yet known. Of the 13 predicted rhomboids in Arabidopsis thaliana, one, RBL10, affects lipid metabolism in the chloroplast, because in the respective rbl10 mutant the transfer of phosphatidic acid through the inner envelope membrane is disrupted. Here we show that RBL10 is part of a high‐molecular‐weight complex of 250 kDa or greater in size. Nine likely components of this complex are identified by two independent methods and include Acyl Carrier Protein 4 (ACP4) and Carboxyltransferase Interactor1 (CTI1), which have known roles in chloroplast lipid metabolism. The acp4 mutant has decreased C16:3 fatty acid content of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol, similar to the rbl10 mutant, prompting us to offer a mechanistic model of how an interaction between ACP4 and RBL10 might affect chloroplast lipid assembly. We also demonstrate the presence of a seventh transmembrane domain in RBL10, refining the currently accepted topology of this protein. Taken together, the identity of possible RBL10 complex components as well as insights into RBL10 topology and distribution in the membrane provide a stepping‐stone towards a deeper understanding of RBL10 function in Arabidopsis lipid metabolism.
EAP45 association with budding HIV‐1: Kinetics and domain requirements
Authors: Meng Bo , Vallejo Ramirez Pedro P. , Scherer Katharina M. , Bruggeman Ezra , Kenyon Julia C. , Kaminski Clemens F. , Lever Andrew M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA number of viruses including HIV use the ESCRT system to bud from the infected cell. We have previously confirmed biochemically that ESCRT‐II is involved in this process in HIV‐1 and have defined the molecular domains that are important for this. Here, using SNAP‐tag fluorescent labelling and both fixed and live cell imaging we show that the ESCRT‐II component EAP45 colocalises with the HIV protein Gag at the plasma membrane in a temporal and quantitative manner, similar to that previously shown for ALIX and Gag. We show evidence that a proportion of EAP45 may be packaged within virions, and we confirm the importance of the N terminus of EAP45 and specifically the H0 domain in this process. By contrast, the Glue domain of EAP45 is more critical for recruitment during cytokinesis, emphasising that viruses have ways of recruiting cellular components that may be distinct from those used by some cellular processes. This raises the prospect of selective interference with the pathway to inhibit viral function while leaving cellular functions relatively unperturbed.
The U.S.‐Canadian trade and exchange rate uncertainty: Asymmetric evidence from commodity trade
Authors: Bahmani‐Oskooee Mohsen , Harvey Hanafiah 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAlthough the main goal of the original NAFTA treaty was to promote trade among the U.S., Canada, and Mexico, exchange rate uncertainty among the members is still a factor affecting trade. A previous study that assessed asymmetric effects of the real peso‐dollar volatility on trade flows between Mexico and the U.S. used the nonlinear ARDL approach and found that increased (decreased) volatility hurts (boosts) exports of nearly 50% of the industries that trade between the two countries. In this paper, we carry out the same analysis using trade data from 34 (24) large U.S. exporting (importing) industries to (from) Canada. We find that nearly 38% of the industries are affected by the U.S. dollar‐Canadian dollar volatility. However, the majority of the affected industries export more when exchange rate volatility increases or decreases. It appears that traders are more risk tolerant in the case of U.S.‐Canada trade but risk averse in the case of U.S.‐Mexico.
Development and validation of methods to visualize conventional aqueous outflow pathways in canine primary angle closure glaucoma
Authors: Telle Mary Rebecca , Snyder Kevin C. , Oikawa Kazuya , Nilles Jacob P. , Gehrke Shaile , Teixeira Leandro B. C. , Kiland Julie A. , Huang Alex , McLellan Gillian J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurposeAngle closure glaucoma (PACG) is highly prevalent in dogs and is often refractory to medical therapy. We hypothesized that pathology affecting the post‐trabecular conventional aqueous outflow pathway contributes to persistent intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation in dogs with PACG. The goal of this study was to determine the potential for aqueous angiography (AA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) to identify abnormalities in post‐trabecular aqueous outflow pathways in canine PACG.MethodsAA and anterior segment OCT (Spectralis HRA + OCT) were performed ex vivo in 19 enucleated canine eyes (10 normal eyes and 9 irreversibly blind eyes from canine patients enucleated for management of refractory PACG). Eyes were cannulated and maintained at physiologic IOP (10–20 mmHg) prior to intracameral infusion of fluorescent tracer. OCT scleral line scans were acquired in regions of high and low perilimbal AA signal. Eyes were then perfusion fixed and cryosections prepared from 10/10 normal and 7/9 PACG eyes and immunolabeled for a vascular endothelial marker.ResultsNormal canine eyes showed segmental, circumferential limbal AA signal, whereas PACG eyes showed minimal or no AA signal. AA signal correlated with scleral lumens on OCT in normal dogs, but lumens were generally absent or flattened in PACG eyes. Collapsed vascular profiles were identified in tissue sections from PACG eyes, including those in which no lumens were identified on AA and OCT.ConclusionsIn canine eyes with PACG, distal aqueous outflow channels are not identifiable by AA, despite normalization of their IOP, and intra‐scleral vascular profiles are collapsed on OCT and histopathology.
Facilitating practices to support children's self-regulation in classrooms: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Merritt Judith , Kernot Jocelyn , Dizon Janine , Boshoff Kobie 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of this scoping review is to describe practices for supporting children's self-regulation in the classroom.

Introduction:
Self-regulation is an integral component of children's well-being and learning in the classroom. Self-regulation is a broad concept that encompasses behavioral, emotional, cognitive, or sensory regulation processes. Children often struggle to self-regulate in class and teachers have difficulty supporting them, which affects children's participation and academic achievement, as well as teachers’ self-efficacy and well-being.

Inclusion criteria:
This review will consider studies that include mainstream primary school children regardless of diagnosis or disability, classroom teachers, and allied health professionals who provide services in mainstream public or private school settings. Self-regulation support practices may include pedagogical, classroom- or curriculum-based practices, environmental modifications, class-management strategies, adult-child relationships, and trauma-informed classroom practices.

Methods:
The review will be conducted using the JBI three-step search strategy. The databases to be searched include MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Scopus, CINAHL, OTSeeker, and ERIC. Documents from 2010 to the present in English will be included. Data will be extracted and charted by two reviewers using a data extraction tool based on JBI recommendations. Study findings will be presented in tabular or diagrammatic format that aligns with the objective, and a narrative summary will be provided.
Future Ready
Authors: Jeff O’Heir 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Engineering companies have been investing in training to bring their existing workforce up to speed. Over the last year, as workplaces became remote, online learning opportunities have helped in upskilling and reskilling the engineering workforce. Conversations with experts unearthed many lessons learned from dealing with the chaos, disruption, isolation, and frustration born from COVID 19. But those hard-won lessons, the experts warned, would be in vain unless all stakeholders work together toward implementing the changes needed to turn the best of them into reality.
Future Ready
Authors: O’Heir Jeff 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Engineering companies have been investing in training to bring their existing workforce up to speed. Over the last year, as workplaces became remote, online learning opportunities have helped in upskilling and reskilling the engineering workforce. Conversations with experts unearthed many lessons learned from dealing with the chaos, disruption, isolation, and frustration born from COVID 19. But those hard-won lessons, the experts warned, would be in vain unless all stakeholders work together toward implementing the changes needed to turn the best of them into reality.
Tolerance-Based Optimization of Sinking Electrical Discharge Machining for Industrial Seal Slot Manufacture
Authors: Petersen Timm , Zeis Markus , Bergs Thomas 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Seal plates for turbine vanes significantly reduce gap losses and thus play a major role in increasing the efficiency of turbines. The industrial production of seal slots, which position the seal plates in the turbine vanes, is driven by the need for high productivity in combination with a reliable processing of necessary geometrical and surface integrity features. A machining technology that is able to machine hard-to-cut materials such as nickel-based alloys is electrical discharge machining. Due to its electrothermal working principle, it is able to machine materials independently from their mechanical properties even at high aspect ratios. Achievable removal and wear rates as well as the resulting surface properties strongly depend on the discharge energy. Furthermore, the discharge energy affects the working gap sizes and therefore flushing efficiencies when machining high aspect ratio cavities. This relationship is investigated taking into account various contemporary generator technologies and graphite grades from both published literature and own experimental investigations. Their effect on machining performance focusing on productivity, recast layer thickness, and crack formation is quantified. Based on these data, a novel empirical model for tolerance-based optimization is developed. The model is used to perform an optimization on an existing serial production, and implementation has been proven successful.
BU CMi as a Quadruple Doubly Eclipsing System
Authors: Volkov I. M. , Kravtsova A. S. , Chochol D. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We found that the known spectroscopic binary and variable BU CMi = HD65241 ($$V = 6.4{-} {{6.7}^{{\text{m}}}}$$, A0 V) is a quadruple doubly eclipsing 2+2 system. Both eclipsing binaries are detached systems moving in an eccentric orbits: pair “A” with the period $${{P}_{{\text{A}}}} = {{2}^{{\text{d}}}}.94$$ ($$e = 0.20$$) and pair “B” with the period $${{P}_{{\text{B}}}} = {{3}^{{\text{d}}}}.26$$ ($$e = 0.22$$). All four components have nearly equal sizes, temperatures and masses in the range $$M = 3.1{-} 3.4\,{{M}_{ \odot }}$$, and A0 spectra. We found the mutual orbit of both pairs around the system barycenter with a period of 6.6 years and eccentricity $$e$$ = 0.7. We detected in pairs “A” and “B” the fast apsidal motion with the periods $${{U}_{{\text{A}}}} = 25.4$$ years and UB = 26.3 years, respectively. The orbit of each pair shows small nutation like oscillations in periastron longitude. The system is young and it seems that its components does not yet reached the Zero Age Main Sequence (ZAMS). The photometric parallax calculated from the found parameters coincides perfectly with the GAIA DR2 $$\pi =0.00407'' \pm 0.00006'' $$.