bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protective effect of miR‐138‐5p inhibition modified human mesenchymal stem cell on ovalbumin‐induced allergic rhinitis and asthma syndrome
Authors: Tang Huaping , Han Xiaolei , Li Tingtian , Feng Yan , Sun Jie 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe objective of the study is to evaluate the protective effects of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) modified with miR‐138‐5p inhibitor against the allergic rhinitis and asthma syndrome (ARAS). MiR‐138‐5p or negative control was transfected into hMSCs, and fluorescence‐activated cell sorting was used to evaluate hMSC surface markers. Quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) was used to evaluate miR‐138‐5p, SIRT1, caspase‐3, IL‐6, IL‐1β and TNF‐α levels after TNF‐α and IL‐6 stimulations. hMSCs with or without miR‐138‐5p inhibition was intranasally administered into ARAS mice (n = 10 each group), followed by monitoring sneezing and nasal rubbing events to evaluate the allergic symptoms. Histamine, ovalbumin‐specific IgE, IgG2a, IgG1 and LTC4 release were monitored in the serum and nasal lavage fluid using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Expression of SIRT1 and HMGB1/TLR4 pathway in nasal mucosa was assessed. After miR‐138‐5p inhibitor transfection, the hMSC lineage was preserved. Binding between SIRT1 and miR‐138‐4p was observed, and miR‐138‐5p inhibition led to upregulation of SIRT1. Inhibition of miR‐138‐5p led to attenuated inflammatory responses of hMSCs upon TNF‐α and IL‐6 stimulation, and allergic symptoms in mice, as well as histamine and ovalbumin‐specific IgG release. hMSCs with miR‐138‐5p inhibition showed characteristics of activated SIRT1 and inhibited HMGB1/TLR4 pathway. Inhibition of miR‐138‐5p in hMSCs enhanced its effects in attenuating inflammatory responses and allergic reaction in the ARAS model, which is presumably regulated by SIRT1 and the HMGB1/TLR4 pathway.
The cellular function and molecular mechanism of formaldehyde in cardiovascular disease and heart development
Authors: Zhang Ying , Yang Yanyan , He Xiangqin , Yang Panyu , Zong Tingyu , Sun Pin , Sun Rui‐cong , Yu Tao , Jiang Zhirong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAs a common air pollutant, formaldehyde is widely present in nature, industrial production and consumer products. Endogenous formaldehyde is mainly produced through the oxidative deamination of methylamine catalysed by semicarbazide‐sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) and is ubiquitous in human body fluids, tissues and cells. Vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells are rich in this formaldehyde‐producing enzyme and are easily damaged owing to consequent cytotoxicity. Consistent with this, increasing evidence suggests that the cardiovascular system and stages of heart development are also susceptible to the harmful effects of formaldehyde. Exposure to formaldehyde from different sources can induce heart disease such as arrhythmia, myocardial infarction (MI), heart failure (HF) and atherosclerosis (AS). In particular, long‐term exposure to high concentrations of formaldehyde in pregnant women is more likely to affect embryonic development and cause heart malformations than long‐term exposure to low concentrations of formaldehyde. Specifically, the ability of mouse embryos to effect formaldehyde clearance is far lower than that of the rat embryos, more readily allowing its accumulation. Formaldehyde may also exert toxic effects on heart development by inducing oxidative stress and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. This review focuses on the current progress in understanding the influence and underlying mechanisms of formaldehyde on cardiovascular disease and heart development.
Surface Evaluation of Resilient CAD/CAM ceramics after Contouring and Polishing
Authors: Siddanna Geetha Duddanahalli , Valcanaia Andre J. , Fierro Pilar Herrera , Neiva Gisele F. , Fasbinder Dennis J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis in‐vitro study measured the differences in surface roughness for computer assisted design/computer assisted manufacturing (CAD/CAM) resilient ceramic and CAD/CAM composite materials.Materials and MethodsThe materials included Lava Ultimate (3 M), Cerasmart (GC America), Vita Enamic (Vita Zahnfabrik), and Brilliant Crios (Coltene). One calibrated operator polished each material with three polishing sytems: spiral polishers (Diacomp FeatherLite/Brasseler), rubbercup polishers (Enhance/DentsplyCaulk), and brush‐paste (Diashine/VH Technologies). Surface roughness was assessed using a confocal laser microscope (Lext OLS4000/Olympus).ResultsA two‐way ANOVA revealed statistically significant differences in mean surface roughness values (Sa) among materials and polishers. Tukey multiple comparisons showed that mean Sa values for Lava Ultimate, Enamic, Cerasmart and Brilliant Crios polished with brush‐paste as well as Lava Ultimate and Cerasmart values polished with spiral polishers were not significantly different from each other.ConclusionsThe finished surfaces were significantly smoother than milled surfaces for all materials. The brush‐paste polishing technique created the lowest surface roughness values for all CAD/CAM materials and values were comparable to what was achieved by spiral polishers for Lava Ultimate and Cerasmart. Rubber polishers did not provide a clinically smooth surface for CAD/CAM resilient ceramic/composite materials.Clinical significanceThe results of the study indicate that polishing creates smooth surfaces for CAD/CAM resilient ceramic and CAD/CAM composite restorations.
Application of artificial intelligence in gynecologic malignancies: A review
Authors: Sone Kenbun , Toyohara Yusuke , Taguchi Ayumi , Miyamoto Yuichiro , Tanikawa Michihiro , Uchino‐Mori Mayuyo , Iriyama Takayuki , Tsuruga Tetsushi , Osuga Yutaka 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWith the development of machine learning and deep learning models, artificial intelligence is now being applied to the field of medicine. In oncology, the use of artificial intelligence for the diagnostic evaluation of medical images such as radiographic images, omics analysis using genome data, and clinical information has been increasing in recent years. There have been increasing numbers of reports on the use of artificial intelligence in the field of gynecologic malignancies, and we introduce and review these studies. For cervical and endometrial cancers, the evaluation of medical images, such as colposcopy, hysteroscopy, and magnetic resonance images, using artificial intelligence is frequently reported. In ovarian cancer, many reports combine the assessment of medical images with the multi‐omics analysis of clinical and genomic data using artificial intelligence. However, few study results can be implemented in clinical practice, and further research is needed in the future.
Temperature‐dependent pharmacokinetics of trichlorfon in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) after bath immersion therapy
Authors: Woo Soo J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) is one of the most important freshwater fish species. As C. carpio culture has escalated, bacterial and parasitic infections have become a real threat to the industry. Antibacterial and antiparasitic treatments are provided for infection control in C. carpio. However, adequate vaccines have not yet been developed. Trichlorfon (TCF), an organophosphate, is an antiparasitic agent used in aquaculture to treat external parasites. However, there are few pharmacokinetic (PK) studies on its use in fish. This study investigated the residue elimination and temperature‐dependent PK characteristics of TCF in C. carpio at 15°C and 25°C after 30 mg/L TCF bath immersion for 30 min. TCF residue concentrations in plasma and muscle tissues were determined using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry and further analyzed using a noncompartmental model. Temperature significantly affected specific PK parameters. Increasing the temperature from 15°C to 25°C shortened the elimination half‐life from 36.07 to 22.72 h. The time to reach the maximum plasma TCF residue concentration (Cmax) (Tmax) remained the same (0.5 h), but Cmax increased from 67.72 to 70.76 µg/L. The area under the plasma concentration–time curve decreased from 1,057.31 to 962.14 h∙µg/L. The muscle TCF Cmax was 446.99 µg/L with a corresponding Tmax of 0.5 h at 25°C, and 267.53 µg/L, with a corresponding Tmax of 1.0 h at 15°C. The temperature‐sensitive PK parameters, such as increased in Cmax and decreased elimination and distribution rates, significantly affected the plasma TCF residue concentration and its overall exposure to increasing temperature. Temperature affected the therapeutic outcomes of TCF treatment in C. carpio and likely other freshwater fish. Therefore, proper dosing regimens should take temperature into consideration.
Evolution of the “world’s only alpine parrot”: Genomic adaptation or phenotypic plasticity, behaviour and ecology?
Authors: Martini Denise , Dussex Nicolas , Robertson Bruce C. , Gemmell Neil J. , Knapp Michael 
Published: May 2021

AbstractClimate warming, in particular in island environments, where opportunities for species to disperse are limited, may become a serious threat to cold adapted alpine species. In order to understand how alpine species may respond to a warming world, we need to understand the drivers that have shaped their habitat specialisation and the evolutionary adaptations that allow them to utilize alpine habitats. The endemic, endangered New Zealand kea (Nestor notabilis) is considered the only alpine parrot in the world. As a species commonly found in the alpine zone it may be highly susceptible to climate warming. But is it a true alpine specialist? Is its evolution driven by adaptation to the alpine zone, or is the kea an open habitat generalist that simply uses the alpine zone to, for example, avoid lower lying anthropogenic landscapes? We use whole genome data of the kea and its close, forest adapted sister species, the kākā (Nestor meridionalis) to reconstruct the evolutionary history of both species and identify the functional genomic differences that underlie their habitat specialisations. Our analyses do not identify major functional genomic differences between kea and kākā in pathways associated with high‐altitude. Rather, we found evidence that selective pressures on adaptations commonly found in alpine species are present in both Nestor species, suggesting that selection for alpine adaptations has not driven their divergence. Strongly divergent demographic responses to past climate warming between the species nevertheless highlight potential future threats to kea survival in a warming world.
AaWRKY9 contributes to light‐ and jasmonate‐mediated to regulate the biosynthesis of artemisinin in Artemisia annua
Authors: Fu Xueqing , Peng Bowen , Hassani Danial , Xie Lihui , Liu Hang , Li Yongpeng , Chen Tiantian , Liu Pin , Tang Yueli , Li Ling , Zhao Jingya , Sun Xiaofen , Tang Kexuan 
Published: May 2021

Summary

Artemisinin, isolated from Artemisia annua, is recommended as the preferred drug to fight malaria. Previous research showed that jasmonate (JA)‐mediated promotion of artemisinin accumulation depended on light. However, the mechanism underlying the interaction of light and JA in regulating artemisinin accumulation is still unknown.

We identified a WRKY transcription factor, AaWRKY9, using transcriptome analysis. The glandular trichome‐specific AaWRKY9 positively regulates artemisinin biosynthesis by directly binding to the promoters of AaDBR2 and AaGSW1.

The key regulator in the light pathway AaHY5 activates the expression of AaWRKY9 by binding to its promoter. In addition, AaWRKY9 interacts with AaJAZ9, a repressor in the JA signalling pathway. AaJAZ9 represses the transcriptional activation activity of AaWRKY9 in the absence of methyl jasmonate. Notably, in the presence of methyl jasmonate, the transcriptional activation activity of AaWRKY9 is increased.

Taken together, our results reveal a novel molecular mechanism underlying AaWRKY9 contributes to light‐mediated and jasmonate‐mediated to regulate the biosynthesis of artemisinin in A. annua. Our study provides new insights into integrating the two signalling pathways to regulate terpene biosynthesis in plants.
Clinical decision support systems in orthodontics: A narrative review of data science approaches
Authors: Al Turkestani Najla , Bianchi Jonas , Deleat‐Besson Romain , Le Celia , Tengfei Li , Prieto Juan Carlos , Gurgel Marcela , Ruellas Antonio C. O. , Massaro Camila , Aliaga Del Castillo Aron , Evangelista Karine , Yatabe Marilia , Benavides Erika , Soki Fabiana , Zhang Winston , Najarian Kayvan , Gryak Jonathan , Styner Martin , Fillion‐Robin Jean‐Christophe , Paniagua Beatriz , Soroushmehr Reza , Cevidanes Lucia H. S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAdvancements in technology and data collection generated immense amounts of information from various sources such as health records, clinical examination, imaging, medical devices, as well as experimental and biological data. Proper management and analysis of these data via high‐end computing solutions, artificial intelligence and machine learning approaches can assist in extracting meaningful information that enhances population health and well‐being. Furthermore, the extracted knowledge can provide new avenues for modern healthcare delivery via clinical decision support systems. This manuscript presents a narrative review of data science approaches for clinical decision support systems in orthodontics. We describe the fundamental components of data science approaches including (a) Data collection, storage and management; (b) Data processing; (c) In‐depth data analysis; and (d) Data communication. Then, we introduce a web‐based data management platform, the Data Storage for Computation and Integration, for temporomandibular joint and dental clinical decision support systems.
Discordant responses to his refractory premature ventricular beats (PVBs) during a regular narrow QRS tachycardia. What is the mechanism
Authors: Mohanan Nair Krishna Kumar , Shafeeq Ali , Namboodiri Narayanan , Valaparambil Ajitkumar 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA 32‐year‐old lady was evaluated for recurrent episodes of palpitation. During one of the palpitation episodes a regular narrow QRS tachycardia was documented, and it got terminated with the administration of IV adenosine. The baseline 12 lead electrocardiogram (ECG) did not show any manifest preexcitation. There was no evidence of structural heart disease by echocardiogram. Patient underwent an electrophysiology (EP) study after informed consent. Quadripolar catheters were placed at the His region and right ventricular (RV) apex. A decapolar catheter was placed in the coronary sinus (CS) with CS 9, 10 dipoles at CS OS region and CS 1, 2 dipoles at CS distal region. A mapping & ablation catheter was positioned at right atrial (RA) appendage. Baseline atrial and ventricular pacing protocols could not be performed as both atrial and ventricular pacing were easily inducing a regular narrow QRS tachycardia. His refractory premature ventricular beats [PVBs] were delivered from RVRV apex and left ventricular [LV] free wall. Discordant responses were obtained. What is the mechanism?
Long‐term outcomes of transforaminal epidural steroid injection in patients with lumbosacral radicular pain according to the location, type, and size of herniated lumbar disc
Authors: Kwak Soyoung , Jang Seung Hwa , Chang Min Cheol 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesTransforaminal epidural steroid injection (TFESI) is widely used to manage lumbosacral radicular pain due to herniated lumbar disc (HLD).ObjectivesWe evaluated the long‐term outcomes of TFESI in patients with lumbosacral radicular pain due to an HLD by the location, type, and size of the HLD.MethodsIn total, 114 patients who received the initial TFESI at least 4 years ago completed a telephone interview. We investigated the presence of radicular pain, degree of current pain, current pain medications and TFESIs, additional TFESIs, progression to surgery, and trouble in performing daily life activities and occupational job duties. We classified the included patients by the location, type, and size of the HLD, and evaluated whether these factors affected the long‐term outcomes of TFESI.ResultsAt least 4 years after the initial TFESI, radicular pain was completely resolved in 45% of the patients. However, 30% patients were on oral painkillers or repetitive TFESIs or had undergone surgery and 15% had difficulty in performing daily life activities and occupational job duties. A larger number of patients with extruded lumbar disc herniation required additional TFESIs than those with protruded lumbar disc herniation. Apart from this, the outcomes did not significantly differ by the location, type, and size of the HLD.ConclusionsOur findings provide useful information to clinicians managing radicular pain due to HLD.
Penetration of Singlet Oxygen into Films with Oxygen Permeability Coefficient Close to that of Skin
Authors: Harada Nobuyuki , Kataoka Mika , Nakanosho Masahiro , Uyama Hiroshi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAlthough its antiviral and antibacterial functions help prevent infection, singlet oxygen (1O2)—which is generated by the action of light on an endogenous photosensitizer—is cytotoxic. In the present study, we investigated the ability of 1O2—generated by the action of visible light on a photosensitizer—to penetrate skin. We used two polymer films with oxygen permeability coefficients similar to that of skin—i.e. cellulose acetate (CA) and ethyl cellulose (EC). Both films contained 1,3‐diphenylisobenzofuran (DPBF), which was used as an 1O2 probe. 1O2 generated externally did not permeate the films by mere contact. Therefore, we conclude that the potential for 1O2 to penetrate the skin is very low, and films that generate 1O2 are safe and useful for preventing infections by contact. We also proved that 1O2 can move between the layers of integrated polymer films when they are joined together.
Advective sorting of silt by currents: A laboratory study
Authors: Culp Jeff , Parent Andrew M. , Abolfazli Ehsan , Strom Kyle , Romans Brian W. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAccumulations of fine sediments along continental shelf and deep‐sea bathymetric contours, known as contourite drifts, form a sedimentary record that is dependent on oceanographic processes such as ocean–basin‐scale circulation. A tool used to aid in interpretation of such deposits is the sortable silt hypothesis, which suggests that the mean size of the sortable silt (silt from 10 to 63 μm) within a deposit can be used as a proxy for current velocity. While the hypothesis has been applied to numerous drift deposits, it has not been extensively explored. Slow deposition rates of contourite drift systems make it difficult to study in the deep ocean, and past laboratory studies have not tested the full range of conditions or mechanisms that could lead to sorting. This study uses flume experiments and theory to examine how the mean sortable silt in a deposit is related to current velocity under the action of advective depositional sorting. Tests were conducted for a fixed amount of time with four suspended sediment mixtures and current velocities typical of deep‐sea settings (5 to 25 cm s−1). Developed beds were sampled at fixed locations from the entrance and sized. The deposit grain size fined downstream and coarsened with increasing velocity at a particular distance from the inlet. Simple theory was able to capture the observations. Regardless of bed morphology or source sediment mixture, the mean sortable silt in the deposit was related to velocity at a particular flume location across all sediment mixtures. The slope of the relationship between velocity and size was dependent on the distance between the inlet and location of interest. Despite the simplified nature of the study, and the limitations regarding the presumed variability in natural systems, these findings broadly support the validity of mean sortable as a proxy for palaeocurrent velocity at a distance along a depositing current.
A Novel In Vitro and In Silico System for Analyzing Complex Mechanobiological Behavior of Chondrocytes in Three-Dimensional Hydrogel Constructs
Authors: Leung Sophia , Kim Jung-Joo , Musson David S. , McGlashan Sue R. , Cornish Jillian , Anderson Iain , Shim Vickie B. K. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Physiological loading is essential for the maintenance of articular cartilage through the regulation of tissue remodeling. To correctly understand the behavior of chondrocytes in their native environment, cell stimulating devices and bioreactors have been developed to examine the effect of mechanical stimuli on chondrocytes. This study describes the design and validation of a novel system for analyzing chondrocyte deformation patterns. This involves an in vitro mechanical device for a controlled application of multi-axial-loading regimes to chondrocyte-seeded agarose constructs and in silico models for analyzing chondrocyte deformation patterns. The computer-controlled device precisely applies compressive, tensile, and shear strains to hydrogel constructs using a customizable macro-based program. The synchronization of the displacements is shown to be accurate with a 1.2% error and is highly reproducible. The device design allows housing for up to eight novel designed free-swelling three-dimensional hydrogel constructs. Constructs include mesh ends and are optimized to withstand the application of up to 7% mechanical tensile and 15% shear strains. Constructs were characterized through mapping the strain within as mechanical load was applied and was validated using light microscopy methods, chondrocyte viability using live/dead imaging, and cell deformation strains. Images were then analyzed to determine the complex deformation strain patterns of chondrocytes under a range of dynamic mechanical stimulations. This is one of the first systems that have characterized construct strains to cellular strains. The features in this device make the system ideally suited for a systematic approach for the investigation of the response of chondrocytes to a complex physiologically relevant deformation profile.
The Thermohydraulic Characteristics and Optimization Study of Radial Porous Heat Sinks Using Multi-Objective Computational Method
Authors: Al-damook Amer , Azzawi Itimad D. J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe use of porous media (PM) to improve conductive heat transfer has been at the focus of interest in recent years. Limited studies, however, have focused on heat transfer in radial heat sinks (RHSs) fully and partially saturated porous media with a different arrangement. As a development of the above-mentioned investigations, this research, therefore, addresses the ability of radial porous heat sink solutions to improve the thermohydraulic characteristics and reduce the effect of the second thermodynamics law. The response surface methodology (RSM) technique with ansysfluent-cfd is utilized to optimize the thermohydraulic features and the total entropy generation by the multi-objective optimum design for different design parameters such as porosity (Ø), inlet temperature (Tin), and applied heat flux (Q) simultaneously after achieving the optimum porous media arrangement related to the flow direction. The results show that, in terms of the flow direction, the optimum radial porous heat sink of the 100%PM model is recognized as providing the best results and the best option (fully saturated porous media). Moreover, a significant agreement between the predicted and numerical simulation data for the optimum values is also seen. The optimum and undesirable designs of the thermohydraulic features, the total entropy generation, and the optimum thermal management are detected in this investigation.