bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computation modelling method to estimate secondhand exposure potential from exhalations during e-vapor use under various real-world scenarios
Authors: Edmiston Jeffery S. , Rostami Ali , Liang Qiwei , Miller Sandra , Sarkar Mohamadi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: The potential secondhand exposure of exhaled constituents from e-vapor use, particularly under various real-world setting, is a public health concern. We present a computational modelling method to predict air levels of constituents exhaled from e-vapor product use. Methods: We first conducted a clinical study to measure select constituent levels in exhaled breath from adult e-vapor product users. We then used a computational model to predict levels of these constituents in three scenarios – in a car, office and restaurant to determine likely secondhand exposure to nonusers. Exhaled breath samples (10 controlled puffs) were analyzed after the use of four different e-liquids in a cartridge-based e-vapor product. Seven selected analytes were measured: nicotine, propylene glycol (PG), glycerin, menthol, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acrolein and reported based on a linear mixed model for analysis of covariance. Results: The ranges of nicotine, propylene glycol, glycerin, and formaldehyde in exhaled breath were 89.44-195.70 µg, 1,199.7-3,354.5 µg, 5,366.8-6,484.7 µg, and 0.25-0.34 µg, respectively. Menthol was only detected following mentholated e-vapor product use (21.11-31.01 µg); acetaldehyde and acrolein were below detectable limits. Conclusions: We utilized a previously validated well-mixed model to estimate aerosol dispersion and room air levels of individual constituents. The model was based on physical and thermodynamic interactions between air, vapor, and the particulate phase of the aerosol to predict vapor-particle partitioning and air-levels of constituents over time, as they travel through a defined indoor space. Input variables included space setting (space type and volume such as car, office space, or a restaurant), ventilation rate, the amount of total aerosol exhaled by all users and aerosol composition. The computational model predicted that air levels of nicotine, formaldehyde, acrolein, and acetaldehyde were below the permissible exposure limits set by authoritative bodies and substantially lower during e-vapor use compared to conventional cigarettes. The relatively low levels suggest minimal exposure to nonusers.Trial registration: Awaiting Clintrials Registry Number. In the process of retrospectively registering the study in the US Clinicaltrials Registry (http://www.clintrials.gov) will update the information as soon as registered.
Ag@ZIF-67 decorated cotton fabric as flexible, stable and sensitive SERS substrate for label-free detection of Phenol-soluble modulin
Authors: Xu Jiangtao , Shang Songmin , Gao Wei , Zeng Ping , Jiang Shouxiang Kinor 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Although strategies of compositing noble materials and Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) have been used to enhance the performance of ZIF-based surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates, the enhancement process still remains unclear and the sampling process with powder-form substrates is challenging for practical applications. In this study, a flexible SERS substrate with silver (Ag) nanoparticle decorated ZIF-67 as the active materials and cotton fabric as the supporting framework is developed with a facile method in two steps. The proposed flexible SERS substrate not only can reduce difficulties during the sampling process, but also expands future applications for sampling towards irregular target substances. Meanwhile, the enhancement mechanism has been investigated by using Methylene Blue (MB) to probe the molecular interactions. The constructed SERS substrate shows the highest enhancement factor of 6.25×106 and an excellent detection sensitivity with a limitation of detection (LoD) of 10− 14 M/L. Because of its excellent performance in SERS tracing, the proposed SERS substrate shows exceptional ability in detecting and identifying phenol-soluble modulins and is considered to be a label-free approach that requires no adding markers/tags or antibodies. The proposed substrate expands the potential applications of SERS technology for rapid detection of bacterial toxins during clinical diagnoses and treatment.
Overwintering honeybees maintained dynamic and stable intestinal bacteria
Authors: Liu Peng , Zhu Yujie , Ye Liang , Shi Tengfei , Li Lai , Cao Haiqun , Yu Linsheng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Honeybee is an important pollinator for maintaining ecological balance. However, scientist found the bizarre mass death of bees in winter. Meanwhile, some reported that the differences composed of intestinal bacteria between healthy honeybees and CCD honeybees. It is essential that explored dynamic changes to the intestinal bacteria in overwintering honeybees. We collected bee samples before overwintering, during prophase of overwintering, metaphase of overwintering, anaphase of overwintering, telophase of overwintering, and after overwintering. By using high-throughput sequencing targeting the V3 − V4 regions of the 16S rDNA, the abundance of the intestinal bacteria were analyzed in overwintering honeybees. A total of 1,373,886 high-quality sequences were acquired and Proteobacteria (85.69%), Firmicutes (10.40%), Actinobacteria (3.66%), and Cyanobacteria (1.87%) were identified as major components of the intestinal bacteria. All core honeybee intestinal bacteria genera, such as Gilliamella, Bartonella, Snodgrassella, Lactobacillus, Frischella, Commensalibacter, and Bifidobacterium were detected. The abundance of Actinobacteria, Bartonella, and Bifidobacterium increased initially and then decreased in winter honeybees. There were no significant differences in the richness and evenness of the microbiota in overwintering honeybees; however, there was a statistically significant difference in the beta diversity of the intestinal bacteria after overwintering compared with that in other groups. Our results suggested that honeybees maintained their intestinal ecosystem balance, and increased the abundance of gut probiotics in response to environmental and nutrition pressures in winter.
Modeling of cutting forces in five-axis milling of sculptured surfaces directly from a CAM tool path
Authors: Hamiche Yacine , Zeroudi Nasreddine , Lamara Rabah 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The present work is motivated by the fact that for predicting cutting forces, which arise under various cutting conditions, workpiece-tool pairs and machining depths, the numerical methods are slower and less efficient than the analytical methods. In addition, recent developments in Computer Assisted Machining (CAM) techniques have enabled analytical methods to be applied even with a complex workpiece geometry. The present paper presents a practical and powerful analytical method which is based on the use of the toolpath file as the main information source for the machined surface. This method takes into account tool position and orientation in a five-axis milling process with tool ball-end modeled as a sphere called bull-nose. Also assumptions are made to get a good approximation in the calculation of global and local cutting forces, in the aim of developing an analytical model able to predict the cutting forces for five-axis milling process, easy to apply for any practical case.
Mechanism of magnesium transport in spinel chalcogenides
Authors: Sotoudeh Mohsen , Dillenz Manuel , Groß Axel 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In the area of sustainable energy storage, batteries based on multivalent ions such as magnesium have been attracting considerable attention due to their potential for high energy densities. Furthermore, they are typically also more abundant than, e.g., lithium. However, as a challenge their low ion mobility in electrode materials remains. This study addresses the ionic conductivity of magnesium in spinel host materials based on periodic density functional theory calculations in order to identify the critical parameters which determine the mobility and insertion of ions. We will in particular highlight the critical role that trigonal distortions of the spinel structure play for the ion mobility. In detail, we will show that it is the competition between coordination and bond length that governs the Mg site preference in ternary spinel compounds upon trigonal distortions which can only be understood by also taking covalent interactions into account. Based on our theoretical study, we rationalize the impact of the metal distribution in the host material and the ion concentration on the diffusion process. Furthermore, cathode-related challenges for practical devices will be addressed. Our findings shed light on the fundamentional mechanisms underlying ionic conductivity in solid hosts and thus may contribute to improve ion transport in battery electrodes.
The Overexpression of The VvWRKY2 Transcription Factor in Potato Improved the Agricultural Performance and Tubers’ Physio-Chemical and Industrial Properties Even Under Non‐Stress Conditions
Authors: Chiab Nour , kammoun mariam , charfeddine mariam , mzid rim , gargouri-bouzid radhia 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The tryptophan-arginine-lysine-tyrosine (WRKY) transcription factors play important roles in plant growth and response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Several studies described WRKY factors overexpression in different plant species. In a number of cases, modification in morphology and seed size were described in transgenic plants overexpressing transcription factors from this family. In this work, we aimed to study the effect of a grapevine VvWRKY2 transcription factor on transgenic potato plants growth, yields and chemical properties of tubers produced out of any stress condition in the greenhouse and in the field. The results were compared with the wild type commercial variety "Belle de Fontenay" (WT). Data showed that the overexpression of the VvWRKY2 transcription factor increased significantly the leaf area and stem diameter of transgenic plants in comparison to WT. A modification of leaf shape was also noticed in VvWRKY2 overexpressing potato plants. The tuber yield, caliber, dry matter, starch and mineral content of transgenic tubers was higher than WT, while soluble sugars level decreased. All these results suggest that the VvWRKY2 overexpression in potato plants seems to have positive effect on plant vigor, yield and tuber quality under normal conditions in addition to its positive effect on plant response to stresses.
Effect of Lncrna&nbsp;FER1L4&nbsp;Overexpression on Prognosis and Cell Proliferation in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Jin Xiang , Liu Xingang , Zhu Huiqin , Guan Yinghui 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical significance and biological function of lncRNA FER1L4 in NSCLC. Methods: A total of 114 cases of NSCLC tissues and matched normal lung tissues were obtained from The first hospital of Jilin University between January 2009 and December 2016. The clinicopathological characteristics of patients were collected, including age, gender, tumor size, etc. The expression levels of LncRNA FER1L4 were detected by qRT-PCR. Non-small cell lung cancer cell lines (A549, H292 and H1299) were cultured with LncRNA FER1L4 mimics and LncRNA FER1L4 inhibitor. Cell proliferation was evaluated by CCK-8 and colony formation assay. Results: The expression levels of lncRNA FER1L4 were significantly lower in NSCLC tissues compared with those in matched normal lung tissues (P<0.05). Decreased level of lncRNA FER1L4 was significantly correlated with tumor size, TNM stage and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). Moreover, lncRNA FER1L4 over-expression predicted favorable prognosis in NSCLC (P<0.05). Furthermore, CCK-8 and colony formation assay showed that lncRNA FER1L4 over-expression significantly suppressed cell proliferation. Conclusions: Our results suggested that LncRNA FER1L4 overexpression predicted favorable prognosis and suppressed cell proliferation in NSCLC, which may serve as a promising therapeutic target.
Association Between Carotid Plaque Vulnerability and High Mobility Group Box-1 Serum Levels in a Diabetic Population
Authors: Biscetti Federico , Tinelli Giovanni , Rando Maria Margherita , Nardella Elisabetta , Cecchini Andrea Leonardo , Angelini Flavia , Straface Giuseppe , Filipponi Marco , Arena Vincenzo , Pitocco Dario , Gasbarrini Antonio , Massetti Massimo , Flex Andrea 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Carotid atherosclerosis represents one of the complications of diabetes mellitus. In particular, plaque instability contributes to disease progression and stroke incidence. High mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) is a nuclear protein involved in promotion and progression of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between HMGB1 serum levels, main inflammatory cytokines, the presence of internal carotid stenosis and unstable plaque in a diabetic population.Research Design and Methods: We studied 873 diabetic patients, including 347 patients with internal carotid artery stenosis (ICAS) who underwent carotid endarterectomy and 526 diabetic patients without internal carotid artery stenosis (WICAS). At baseline, HMGB1 and the main inflammatory cytokines serum levels were evaluated. For ICAS patients, the histological features of carotid plaque were also collected to differentiate them in patients with stable or unstable atherosclerotic lesions.Results: We found that HMGB1 serum levels, osteoprotegerin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6, were significantly higher in diabetic ICAS patients compared to diabetic WICAS patients. Among ICAS patients, individuals with unstable plaque had higher levels of these cytokines, compared to patients with stable plaque. A multivariable stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that HMGB1 and osteoprotegerin remained independently associated with unstable plaque in ICAS patients.Conclusions: The present study demonstrated that HMGB1 is an independent risk factor for carotid plaque vulnerability in an Italian population with diabetes mellitus, representing a promising biomarker of carotid plaque instability and a possible molecular target to treat unstable carotid plaques and to prevent stroke.
Making a complex dental care tailored to the person: Population health in focus of predictive, preventive and personalised (3P) medical approach
Authors: Tachalov VV , Orechova LY , Kudriavtseva TV , Loboda ES , Pachkoria MG , Berezkina IV , Golubnitschaja Olga 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
An evident underestimation of the targeted prevention of dental diseases is strongly supported by alarming epidemiologic statistics globally. For example, epidemiologists demonstrated 100% prevalence of dental caries in the Russian population followed by clinical manifestation of periodontal diseases. Inadequately provided oral health services in populations are caused by multi-factorial deficits including but not limited to low socio-economic status of affected individuals, lack of insurance in sub-populations, insufficient density of dedicated medical units. Another important aspect is the “participatory” medicine based on the active participation of population in maintaining oral health: healthcare will remain insufficient as long as the patient is not motivated and does not feel responsible for their oral health. To this end, nearly half of chronically diseased people do not comply with adequate medical services suffering from severely progressing pathologies. Noteworthy, the prominent risk factors and comorbidities linked to the severe disease course and poor outcomes in COVID-19 infected individuals, such as elderly, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and cardiovascular disease, are frequently associated with significantly altered oral microbiome profiles, systemic inflammatory processes and poor oral health. Suggested pathomechanisms consider potential preferences in the interaction between the viral particles and the host microbiota including oral cavity, the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. Since an aspiration of periodontopathic bacteria induces the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 – the receptor for SARS-CoV-2, and production of inflammatory cytokines in the lower respiratory tract, poor oral hygiene and periodontal disease has been proposed as leading to COVID-19 aggravation. Consequently, the issue-dedicated expert recommendations are focused on the optimal oral hygiene as being crucial for improved individual outcomes and reduced morbidity under the COVID-19 pandemic condition. Current study demonstrated that that age, gender, socio-economic status, quality of environment and life-style, oral hygiene quality, regularity of dental services requested, level of motivation and responsibility for own health status, and corresponding behavioural patterns are the key parameters for patient stratification considering person-tailored approach in a complex dental care in the population. Consequently, innovative screening programmes and adapted treatment schemes are crucial for the complex person-tailored dental care to improve individual outcomes and healthcare provided to the population.
Physiological Host Range of Trissolcus Mitsukurii, A Candidate Biological Control Agent of Halyomorpha Halys
Authors: Giovannini Lucrezia , Sabbatini-Peverieri Giuseppino , Marianelli Leonardo , Rondoni Gabriele , Conti Eric , Roversi Pio Federico 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The invasive stink bug Halyomorpha halys is a severe agricultural pest of worldwide importance, and chemical insecticides are largely sprayed for the control of its populations. Negative impacts and several failures in chemical pest management led to consider classical biological control as one of the most promising methods in a long-term perspective. The Asian egg parasitoid Trissolcus japonicus is the main candidate biocontrol agent of H. halys, but more recently a second Asian egg parasitoid, Trissolcus mitsukurii, is getting attention after adventive populations were found on H. halys egg masses in Europe. Before recommending the use of T. mitsukurii for biological control of H. halys, a risk analysis is necessary and therefore here we present the first study on the fundamental physiological host range of this parasitoid in Europe. Tests conducted with T. mitsukurii on different hemipterans, using three different experimental designs, revealed a broad physiological host range, comparable with the host range displayed by T. japonicus under similar laboratory conditions. Specifically, in addition to its coevolved host H. halys, T. mitsukurii successfully parasitized the majority of tested pentatomid species and one scutellerid, although with highly variable emergence rates. Host egg sizes positively affected parasitoid size and female egg load. Further studies, testing more complex systems that involve olfactory cues from host and host plants, will simulate different aspects of the parasitoid host location behavior under field conditions, allowing in-depth evaluation of the possible risks associated with the use of T. mitsukurii as a biocontrol agent of H. halys.
Characteristics and potential malignancy of colorectal juvenile polyps in adults: a single-center retrospective study in China
Authors: Dong Jie , Ma Tian-Shi , Xu Yuan-Hong , Li Peng , Chen Wan-Yuan , Tu Jiang-Feng , Chen Youwei 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BackgroundColorectal juvenile polyps are rare and usually considered benign in adults. Carcinogenesis or neoplastic changes are rarely mentioned in the literature. We aimed to systematically evaluate the characteristics and potential malignancy of colorectal juvenile polyps in adults.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 103 adults diagnosed with colorectal juvenile polyps from 9/2007 to 5/2020 in our hospital. The characteristics, endoscopic findings, occurrence of intraepithelial neoplasia, carcinogenesis and diagnostic value of chicken skin mucosa (CSM) were analyzed.ResultsThe average age of patients with juvenile polyps was 43.2 years (range, 19 to 78). A total of 101 patients (101/103, 98.1%) had a single juvenile polyp, while two had multiple polyps (107 polyps in total). Polyp sizes ranged from 0.5 to 5 cm. One (1/107, 0.9%) juvenile polyp was cancerous, and 7 (7/107, 6.5%) developed low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia. Neoplasia or cancerization was not associated with the number of polyps. A 27-year-old female had a polyp with well-differentiated adenocarcinoma in the mucosa that was 2 cm in the sigmoid colon with erosion on the surface. According to immunohistochemistry, the Ki-67 was approximately 80%. P53 was mutated with diffuse and strongly positive expression. CSM was observed beside 17 polyps, which were all located in the rectum and sigmoid colon; one polyp had low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia.ConclusionsColorectal juvenile polyps in adults have neoplastic potential. Neither neoplasia nor carcinogenesis was associated with the number of polyps. CSM was not a tumorigenesis marker in colorectal juvenile polyps in the distant colorectum. Colorectal juvenile polyps in adult may go through a ‘low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia to high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia to carcinoma’ path and should be treated and regularly followed up as adenomas.
Psychosocial characteristics of alcoholic and non-alcoholic liver disease recipient candidates in liver transplantation: A prospective observational study
Authors: Shizuku Masato , kimura hiroyuki , Kamei Hideya , Kishi Shinichi , Tokura Tatsuya , Kurata Nobuhiko , Jobara Kanta , Yoshizawa Atsushi , Tsuboi Chisato , Yamaguchi Naoko , Kato Midori , Kawai Keita , Yamashiki Makoto , Kanai Emi , Ishizuka Kanako , Ozaki Norio , Ogura Yasuhiro 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background/AimThere are long-standing controversies about the transplant indications for alcoholic liver disease (ALD), because of the recognition that ALD is fundamentally self-inflicted. However, it is unclear whether stigmatization of ALD based on psychosocial aspects is warranted in the selection of liver transplantation (LT) recipients. We aimed to clarify the psychosocial characteristics of ALD recipients (ALD-R)/ALD recipient candidates (ALD-RC) and non-ALD recipients (NALD-R)/non-ALD recipient candidates (NALD-RC).MethodsFrom 2011 to 2019, 75 patients were enrolled in this prospective observational study (ALD-RC, n = 19; NALD-RC, n = 56), LT were carried out as follow; ALD-R, n=6; NALD-R, n=52. We evaluated psychosocial characteristics in the preoperative period and 3, 12 months after LT (ALD-R, n = 3/3; NALD-R, n = 28/25). The following scales were used to evaluate psychosocial characteristics: Visual Analogue Scale, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, Brief Evaluation of Medication Influences and Beliefs, Social Support Questionnaire (SSQ), Temperament and Character Inventory, Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36).ResultsA comparison of ALD-RC and NALD-RC in the preoperative period identified similar patterns of psychosocial characteristics, except that the NALD-RC scored higher on the PBI item “overprotection from mother” (P < 0.05). The only significant difference between ALD-R and NALD-R after liver transplantation was in SSQ scores at 3 months. ConclusionThe psychosocial characteristics of ALD-RC and NALD-RC were similar. Therefore, stigmatization of ALD-RC based on psychosocial aspects is unwarranted and appropriate evaluation is needed.