bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Outcome in Cerebral Vasospasm Patients Treated with and without Intra-Arterial Nimodipine Infusion
Authors: Yindeedej Vich , Nimmannitya Pree , Noiphithak Raywat , Punyarat Prachya , Tantongtip Dilok 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background Cerebral vasospasm (CV) after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is still a problem. Hypertension, hypervolemia, and hemodilution (triple-H) therapy and oral nimodipine only a modest effect on patients. Intra-arterial treatment, including nimodipine, has been studied, but only as retrospective and single-arm prospective studies. We compared the outcomes between CV patients who received an adjunct intra-arterial nimodipine infusion (IANI) and those who received the standard medical treatment alone in a prospective randomized controlled trial.
Methods In this study, patients between the age of 18 and 80 years, who underwent angiography within 14 days after aneurysm obliteration, were recruited and randomized to receive adjunct IANI or not, if they were identified with angiographic vasospasm. All the angiographic and neurologic data were recorded and analyzed during their admission, at the discharge date, and during the 6-month follow-up period.
Results From June 2016 to December 2018, we enrolled 68 patients who were randomized into two groups, 36 in the intervention group and 32 in the control group. The patients' characteristics, aneurysm data, and modalities of treatment were similar between the two groups. Within 24 hours after IANI, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score and motor strength revealed a significant improvement of 33.33 and 38.89%, respectively, in the intervention group versus 12.5 and 9.38%, respectively, in the control group. At discharge, the intervention group still had significant motor improvement (58.33 vs. 21.88%; p = 0.002).
Conclusion IANI could be considered an effective treatment for CV without significant complications. This is the first RCT demonstrating statistically significant motor strength improvement within 24 hours and at discharge.
Study on Inborn and Outborn Neonatal Admissions in Relation to Gestational Maturity in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at a Tertiary Care University Hospital in Upper Egypt
Authors: Abdel-Aziz Safwat M. , Hamed Enas A. , Shalaby Amira M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNeonatal morbidity and mortality rates indicate a country's socioeconomic status and the quality, and effectiveness of its health care system. This research aimed to identify the clinical pattern and causes of neonatal admission for inborn and outborn babies in a tertiary care university hospital and their outcomes. Over a year, this prospective hospital-based research was conducted in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Assiut Children's Hospital in Upper Egypt (January 1st to December 31st, 2020). Gender, birth weight, gestational age, postnatal age, delivery mode, delivery place, admission cause, hospital stay period, and neonatal outcomes were collected. A total of 1,638 newborns were admitted; 930 (56.8%) were preterm and 708 (43.2%) full-term. Inborn admissions were 1,056 (64.5%) and outborn 582 (35.5%). The majority of inborn admissions were preterm 726 (68.8%), and outborn were full-term 378 (64.9%). The commonest admission causes among inborn and outborn preterm infants were respiratory distress syndrome (84.3%) and congenital intestinal obstruction (22.5%), respectively, while multiple congenital anomalies were the commonest cause for admission among both inborn and outborn full-term babies. The mortality rate was 708 (43.2%), higher among inborn (50%) versus outborn (30.9%). The leading cause of death was respiratory distress syndrome among premature inborn with case fatality rate of (56.9%) and multiple congenital anomalies among premature outborn (60%), as well as inborn (67.4%), and outborn (42.6%) full-term neonates. In conclusion, the neonatal mortality rate was high among studied cases. Morbidity and mortality of respiratory distress syndrome and congenital anomalies were alarmingly high. Therefore, all health care providers must devote a considerable effort to improve health care delivered to these neonates.
Extradural Middle Fossa and Transcavernous Approach for Resection of Trigeminal Neurinoma at Lateral Cavernous Sinus
Authors: Ono Hideaki , Torazawa Seiei , Tanishima Takeo , Tamura Akira , Saito Isamu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe present a 52-year-old male case of right trigeminal neurinoma at lateral cavernous sinus. The tumor was 40 mm in maximum diameter, obviously compressed temporal lobe and encased internal carotid artery. Extradural middle fossa and transcavernous approach was applied and the tumor was resected via Parkinson's triangle. This approach enabled safe and effective tumor resection, sufficient visualization, and operative field (Figs. 1 and 2). We performed dissection of the tumor from trigeminal nerve, tentorium, and middle fossa and resect the tumor around internal carotid artery sufficiently. Postoperative course was good without any new neurological deficit. This surgical method is considered safe and effective for the resection of the tumor at lateral cavernous sinus.The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/2ekuILIgEuo.
Comparative Evaluation of the Effect of Three Different Types of Pattern Materials on the Vertical Marginal Accuracy of Complete Cast Crown: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Sharma Preetica , Kalra Tarun , Kumar Manjit , Bansal Ajay , Malik Shefali Singh 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAim and Objective The main aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of three different types of pattern materials on the vertical marginal accuracy of complete cast crown.Material and Methods Three groups of 20 specimens each were made based on three pattern materials, that is, blue inlay wax, autopolymerizing acrylic resin, and light cure pattern resin. Castings were made and examined using stereo microscope for vertical marginal discrepancy.Results The result showed that the highest mean gap was noticed in the castings fabricated using inlay type B pattern wax followed by the castings fabricated using autopolymerizing resin and the least mean gap was observed in the castings fabricated using light cure modeling material.Conclusion It was concluded from this study that the use of light cure modeling material to make patterns for casting with lost wax technique is best recommended than inlay type B pattern and autopolymerizing resin.
Evaluation of Tear Film Urea Level as a Diagnostic Marker of Dry Eye Disease: A Pilot Study
Authors: Velamakanni Gurunadh Satyanarayana , Sharma Anil , Batra Hitender S. , Velamakanni Subrahmanya Murti , Khan Mansur , Gupta Sandeep 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Introduction Urea secreted in the sweat is important for skin moisture. Similarly, ocular surface moisture is maintained by the conjunctiva. Based on this, the level of urea in tear film can be used as a potential diagnostic test for dry eye disease (DED). One of the standard tests for DED is Schirmer's test (ST). The aim of this study was to compare tear film urea to values of ST.
Methods Fifty patients symptomatic for DED having ST ≤ 10 mm/5 min were enrolled in the study. Fifty age- and sex-matched asymptomatic subjects with ST > 10 mm/5 min were taken as controls. All patients were subjected to an estimation of tear film urea, collected using micropipettes, and analyzed by an Erba Chem 5 semi-autoanalyzer. Based on the ST reading as per the Dry Eye Workshop 2007 (DEWS) classification, dry eye was classified as dry eye (≤ 10 mm/5 min), severe dry eye (≤ 5 mm/5 min), and very severe dry eye (≤ 2 mm/5 min). Tear film urea values were compared with ST values that were considered standard. Statistical analysis was done using Medcalc version 19.7. A p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered significant.
Results The mean tear film urea levels in cases were (26.78 ± 5.70 mg/dL) significantly lower compared with controls (41.72 ± 6.86 mg/dL). The area under the receiver characteristic operator curve (AUC) for tear film urea in diagnosing DED was 0.936 (p < 0.0001) with a cutoff of ≤ 37.2 mg/dL, yielding a sensitivity of 96% and a specificity of 76%. For diagnosing severe DED, the AUC for tear film urea was 0.824 (p < 0.0001) with a cutoff value of ≤ 23.4 mg/dL, yielding a sensitivity of 60.8% and a specificity of 92.59%. For diagnosis of very severe DED, the AUC for tear film urea was 0.972 (p < 0.0001) with a cutoff value of ≤ 19.8 mg/dL, yielding a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 93.62%. On comparing ST values to tear film urea, the regression coefficient was 0.85 (p < 0.0001), suggesting a linear relationship between ST and tear film urea.
Conclusion The study demonstrates that tear film urea can be a potential diagnostic marker for DED. The study also indicates that tear film urea level is linearly related to Schirmer's test values and provides an approximate diagnostic cutoff level for the design of future large-scale studies.
Putting qualitative international business research in context(s)
Authors: Reuber A. Rebecca , Fischer Eileen 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe Welch et al. (J Int Bus Stud 42(5):740–762, 2011) JIBS Decade Award-winning article highlights the importance of the contextualization of international business research that is based on qualitative research methods. In this commentary, we build on their foundation and develop further the role of contextualization, in terms of the international business phenomena under study, contemporaneous conversations about qualitative research methods, and the situatedness of individual papers within the broader research process. Our remarks are largely targeted to authors submitting international business papers based on qualitative research, and to the gatekeepers – editors and reviewers – assessing them, and we provide some guidance with respect to these three dimensions of context.
The political-economy of land acquisition and privatization of Birr and Ayehu Farms in Amhara Region, North-West Ethiopia
Authors: Alamineh Asabu Sewenet , Workie Getachew Fentahun , Moges Nurlign Birhan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe recognition of commercial agricultural investment led to the expansion of large-scale farms through eviction of farmers during the Derg and Ethiopian People Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) regimes. But anti-dispossession voices and investment driven violence have frequently occurred in post-Derg Ethiopia. This study thus attempts to uncover the political-economy of land acquisition and privatization of Birr and Ayehu farms. The necessary data for the study were collected through interview, questionnaire, focused group discussion and document review. The data collected through questionnaire was analyzed using descriptive statistics and the qualitative data was analyzed thematically. The findings of the study indicated that the farms were began during the Derg regime as public enterprises, and later privatized to Ethio-Agri-CEFT in a neo-patrimonial modality with a gigantic trend of land acquisition, legal distortion and violation of landholding rights. This poor and neo-patrimonial operation of farms jeopardized local livelihoods, created land use change and evoked stiff public grievance, political upheaval and polarized state–society relations. This indicated that the expansion of farms have brought lopsided development to party affiliated investors by dismantling local livelihoods. Ethio Agri-CEFT thus should respect legal frameworks and adopt inclusive developmental practices for its sustainability and success.
Effect of the National Health Insurance Scheme on Healthcare Utilization and Out-of-Pocket Payment: Evidence from GLSS 7
Authors: Sarkodie Adu Owusu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe Ghana National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) was established in 2003, Act, 2003 (Act 650), but was later replaced with the National Health Insurance Act, 2012 (Act 852) to get rid of the then “cash and carry” system of paying for healthcare. The aim of the scheme was to reduce the cost of healthcare provision and increase access to healthcare. This paper investigates the effect of the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) on healthcare utilization and out-of-pocket payment, from the providers’ perspective. The study uses data from the seventh round of the Ghana Living Standards Survey (GLSS 7) conducted in 2016/2017 and employs the estimation method of Propensity Score Matching (PSM). The findings are that enrollment onto Ghana’s National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) increases healthcare utilization by 26% and decreases out-of-pocket payment by 4%. However, about 48% of the population are still not enrolled, citing various reasons. Even those who enrolled, about 30% had dropped out for several reasons. The study identifies age, income, education, sex, and location of residence as the main determinants of enrolling onto the NHIS. I show that the National Health Insurance Scheme increases healthcare utilization and reduces out-of-pocket payment in Ghana. A number of Ghanaians have either not registered or registered but have stopped enrolling citing no money, no need for NHIS, and no confidence in the system’ as reasons. Any policy to invigorate the public confidence in NHIS and increases enrollment should be targeted at the young, poor, less educated, males, and rural dwellers.
Ultrafast sorting: Excimeric π–π stacking distinguishes pyrene-N-methylacetamide isomers on the ultrafast time scale
Authors: Basuroy Krishnayan , de J. Velazquez-Garcia Jose , Storozhuk Darina , Gosztola David J. , Veedu Sreevidya Thekku , Techert Simone 
Published: November 2021

Pyrene based molecules are inclined to form excimers through self-association upon photoexcitation. In this work, the pyrene core is functionalized with the N-methylacetamide group at the position 1 or 2 to develop pyren-1-methylacetamide (PyMA1) and pyren-2-methylacetamide (PyMA2), respectively. Upon photoexcitation with 345 nm, a portion of molecules in PyMA1 and PyMA2 solutions at ≥1.0 mM have formed static excimers. The steady state spectroscopic measurements suggest that, whether it is the dimerization of molecules in the ground state (GS) or in excimer formation, characteristic signs are more pronounced in PyMA1 than its isomeric counterpart, PyMA2. The shift of the excimer band in their respective emission spectra suggests that the extent of overlap in π–π stacking is greater for PyMA1 than for PyMA2 in the excited state. The optimized geometry of dimers in toluene shows that the overlapping area between the pyrene moieties in π–π stacking between the dimers is greater for PyMA1 than for PyMA2 in GS. The natural bond orbital analysis with the optimized GS geometries shows that the stabilization/interaction energy between the dimers in π–π stacking is higher in PyMA1 compared to PyMA2 in toluene. The transient absorption (TA) measurements in toluene over the fs–ps regime (fs-TA) showed that the formation of static excimers with pre-associated dimers in PyMA1 happens in ∼700 fs whereas the excimers for the pre-associated dimers in PyMA2 have formed in slightly slower time scale (∼1.95 ps). Contrary to what was observed in solution, the extent of overlap in π–π stacking is lower for PyMA1 dimers (∼17%) than for PyMA2 dimers (∼37%) in single crystals.
Effect of continuous light on antioxidant activity, lipid peroxidation, proline and chlorophyll content in
Authors: Kumar Deepak , Singh Hanwant , Bhatt Upma , Soni Vineet 
Published: November 2021

Longer photoperiod in form of continuous light (24-h photoperiod without dark interruption) can alter the various physiological and biochemical processes of the plant. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of continuous light on various biochemical parameters associated with the growth and development of Vigna radiata L. (mung bean). The findings showed that leaf size and chlorophyll content of seedlings grown under continuous light were significantly greater than control plants subjected to 12 h light/12 h dark (12/12 h). The activity of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD, 30.81%), catalase (CAT, 16.86%), guaiacol peroxidase (GPOD, 12.27%), malondialdehyde, (MDA, 39.31) and proline (14.81%) were notably higher in 24/0 h light period than 12/12 h light period grown seedling at an early stage (on Day 6) while they were constant at the later stage of development. Increased activity of amylase and invertase reveals higher assimilation and consumption of photosynthetic products. This study revealed that plants were stressed at first. However, they gradually became acclimated to continuous light and efficiently used the excess light in carbon assimilation.
Neural networks to learn protein sequence–function relationships from deep mutational scanning data
Authors: Gelman Sam , Fahlberg Sarah A. , Heinzelman Pete , Romero Philip A. , Gitter Anthony 
Published: November 2021

SignificanceUnderstanding the relationship between protein sequence and function is necessary to design new and useful proteins with applications in bioenergy, medicine, and agriculture. The mapping from sequence to function is tremendously complex because it involves thousands of molecular interactions that are coupled over multiple lengths and timescales. We show that neural networks can learn the sequence–function mapping from large protein datasets. Neural networks are appealing for this task because they can learn complicated relationships from data, make few assumptions about the nature of the sequence–function relationship, and can learn general rules that apply across the length of the protein sequence. We demonstrate that learned models can be applied to design new proteins with properties that exceed natural sequences.
Structure of the translating
Neurospora
ribosome arrested by cycloheximide
Authors: Shen Lunda , Su Zhaoming , Yang Kailu , Wu Cheng , Becker Thomas , Bell-Pedersen Deborah , Zhang Junjie , Sachs Matthew S. 
Published: November 2021

Significance
The ribosome has the central role in the translation of RNA. The elongation function of most eukaryotic ribosomes is arrested by the drug cycloheximide (CHX). The site of CHX binding is known. In this work, we determine the structure of a translating ribosome of a filamentous fungus arrested by CHX. By doing so, the specific state of the ribosome arrested in translation is revealed. This work is significant because it provides a structural basis to establish CHX’s mechanism of action. It provides a model for a fungal ribosome and insights into the structure and function of eukaryotic ribosomes through comparative analyses of its features with those from other species.
What is a word in Brokpa?
Authors: Wangdi Pema 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper investigates the structure of phonological word and grammatical word in Brokpa, a Tibeto-Burman (Trans-Himalayan) language of Bhutan. Defining features of a phonological word include stress, tone, and segmental properties. A grammatical word is defined based on conventionalized coherence and meaning, fixed order of morphemes, and its behaviour in relation to derivational and inflectional marking. Grammatical and phonological words in Brokpa coincide in most instances. Typical mismatches include words involving non-cohering compounds and non-cohering reduplication. A formal distinction between phonological and grammatical word is the key to our understanding of the interactions between different parts of grammar in Brokpa, and help resolve potential ambiguities of the term “word” in this language.
Hearsay evidential marking strategy in Lhagang Tibetan
Authors: Suzuki Hiroyuki , Wangmo Sonam 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis exploratory study focuses on the use of hearsay evidential marking in the course of storytelling in a Tibetic language, Lhagang Tibetan, combining a descriptive linguistic approach with a literary-theoretic analysis. Tibetic languages generally possess a morpho-syntactically encoded evidential-epistemic system, in which the hearsay evidential represents a non-first-hand information source. However, we find a random use of the hearsay evidential marker in the oral literature of Lhagang Tibetan, although it has been transmitted from one generation to another by storytellers. The article aims to provide a reasonable explanation for the use of the hearsay evidential in storytelling. It proposes that hearsay evidential marking reflects the speaker’s attitude towards the utterance to either avoid full responsibility for the utterance or enhance the utterance’s authenticity. The former objective principally appears in telling a story based on a weak memory of the story; the latter appears in telling a legend. This explanation is supported by oral literature theory, especially the arguments regarding the difference between folktales and legends.
Key comparison BIPM.RI(I)-K7 of the air-kerma standards of the NMIJ, Japan and the BIPM in mammography x-rays
Authors: Kessler C , Burns D , Tanaka T , Kurosawa T 
Published: November 2021

Main text
A new key comparison has been made between the air-kerma standards of the NMIJ and the BIPM in mammography x ray beams. The results show the standards to be in agreement at the level of the expanded uncertainty of 7.2 parts in 103. The results are analysed and presented in terms of degrees of equivalence for entry in the BIPM key comparison database.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Nitrous oxide in nitrogen (1000μmol/mol)
Authors: Wu Hai , Ma Haomiao , Wang Defa , Lim Jeongsik , Lee Jinbok , Moon Dongmin , Akima Dai , Kobayashi Midori , Uehara Shinji , Liu Hsin-Wang , Huang Chiung-Kun , Lin Tsai-Yin , Tshilongo James , Mogale David , Lushozi Silindile , Laongsri Bunthoon , Wongjuk Arnuttachai , Soni Daya , Johri Prabha , Aggarwal Shankar G , Singh Khem , Bhat Sulakshina , Konopelko L A , Kustikov Y A , Kolobova A V , Pankratov V V , Ivakhnenko B V , Efremova O V 
Published: November 2021

Main text
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Noncommutative (A)dS and Minkowski spacetimes from quantum Lorentz subgroups
Authors: Ballesteros Angel , Gutierrez-Sagredo Ivan , Herranz Francisco J 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The complete classification of classical r-matrices generating quantum deformations of the (3 + 1)-dimensional (A)dS and Poincaré groups such that their Lorentz sector is a quantum subgroup is presented. It is found that there exists three classes of such r-matrices, one of them being a novel two-parametric one. The (A)dS and Minkowskian Poisson homogeneous spaces corresponding to these three deformations are explicitly constructed in both local and ambient coordinates. Their quantization is performed, thus giving rise to the associated noncommutative spacetimes, that in the Minkowski case are naturally expressed in terms of quantum null-plane coordinates, and they are always defined by homogeneous quadratic algebras. Finally, non-relativistic and ultra-relativistic limits giving rise to novel Newtonian and Carrollian noncommutative spacetimes are also presented.