bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Waste analysis in aircraft production process
Authors: Lustyana Astuteryanti Tri , Widiyawati Sri , Lukodono Rio Prasetyo , Fanani Angga Akbar , Puspita Feby 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Waste is any type of work activity that does not provide added value and it is eliminated, because it can have a negative impact on the company. During the production process, waste can occur due to the operator, the machine, nature, etc. In the production process of aircraft manufacturing at one of Indonesian-aircraft Industries, there are many factors that influence the occurrence of waste; therefore, there is a need to minimize or even eliminate the waste, one of them by using lean manufacturing. In this company, there are three of the biggest waste that occurs during the production process of aircraft, namely Defects, Inventory and Motion waste. From those three wastes, they will be identified which causes the greatest impact on other waste using the Waste Relationship Matrix (WRM) method. The results of the calculation of WRM, found that defect waste has a considerable impact when compared to inventory waste and motion waste, with an average value of 44.02%. So, the company needs to focus on eliminating these wastes, by improving the condition of the production floor, both from the people, methods, machines, or even from the environment.
The effect of layer height on the surface roughness in 3D Printed Polylactic Acid (PLA) using FDM 3D printing
Authors: Bintara Redyarsa Dharma , Lubis Didin Zakariya , Aji Pradana Yanuar Rohmat 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study aims to investigate the surface roughness and the time consume printing on PLA material using FDM 3D printing on differences in layer height. A 3D printer machine, Creality Ender 3 was involved to manufacture the specimen. Furthermore, they tested with the SurftestSJ-301 Mitutoyo device to determine the roughness of surface object. The height of the test specimen layer varies from 0.05 mm to 0.25 mm with the increment of 0.5 mm for each variation, while the layer angle keep constant at zero degree (0°). Surface roughness and print time are analysed to determine the best design parameters. The test results show that, the greater of layer height has the rougher of the surface. In addition, the printing time is inversely proportional to surface roughness. The smallest of surface roughness occurs on the 0.05 mm of layer height, whereas the lowest occurs on the 0.25 mm of layer height. In addition, the optimize parameter occurs on 0.15 mm and 0.2 mm of layer height which surface roughness and printing time are 9.11 μm and 158 min respectively (Lh 0.15 mm), while the layer height of 0.20 mm for 120 min and 10.48 μm.
Performance of TiAlN PVD coated carbide tool in machining AISI 4340 with Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) condition
Authors: Darsin Mahros , Hidayatul Qoryah Rika Dwi , Sidartawan Robertus , Luviandy Allen , Muttaqin Aris Zainul , Djumhariyanto Dwi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
There are several ways to assess machinability, viz. forces that are working during machining, the surface roughness of machined part, chip formation, and tool performance. This article aims to observe the machinability from the tool performance perspective when machining with minimum quantity lubrication (MQL). The MQL device can either be time-controlled or temperature-controlled using an Arduino. The machining was carried out on a conventional lathe toward a bar of AISI 4330 using carbide coated insert tools. The experiments were carried out using Taguchi design L9, by the varying depth of cut, coolant composition and method of applying the coolant. Tool performance was evaluated by tool deterioration value. There are four levels of tool deterioration according to its severities after machining. Analysis of variance shows that depth of cut more influence to the tool performance than the coolant application method by 32.69% and 12.82% each, respectively. However, it is proof that MQL with temperature-controlled would contribute to the minimum tool deterioration.
Taguchi-grey-fuzzy method for optimization of turning process parameters with environmentally friendly cooling
Authors: Pamuji Dian Ridlo , Lusi Nuraini 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Surface roughness is an indicator of the quality of workpieces produced by machining processes. Whereas, the indicator of the productivity of the machining process is the metal removal rate. Surface roughness and metal removal rate have different characteristics. Setting the combination of turning parameters results is essential to get optimal responses. This research has been carried out of determining the parameters of the turning process to produce an optimal response with the use of environmentally friendly coolant. The turning process parameters that are varied are the cutting fluids, spindle rotation, feeding motion, and cutting depth while the tool used is the CNMG insert tool. The optimization method used is Taguchi, combined with grey and fuzzy logic. The results showed that to obtain the optimum arithmetic surface roughness, average total surface roughness and metal removal rate, the cutting fluids is set at level 1, which is soluble cold water + air pressure, level 3 spindle rotation with a value of 1200 rpm, level 3 feeding with an amount of 0.161 mm rev−1, and cutting depth level 3 of 0.5 mm.
Improvement of DEET level of product X using Deming cycle (PDCA Method) in PT Z
Authors: Nurzaki Alfi , Santoso Arga , Benawan Chano , Wahyudin Didin , Santoso Sugeng 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
DEET is a complex compound that is used as an active ingredient in the manufacture of insect repellent products. PT Z is one of the sub-contracting companies that manufacture mosquito coils from PT XYZ with product X. PT Z received complaints from PT XYZ claiming that DEET levels in a tested batch were below the specified specifications. PT Z needs to conduct an internal assessment and investigation to find the cause of the release of DEET levels from the specification range. The research was carried out with a Deming cycle, namely the sub-stage PDCA method. Based on the results of the investigation, the decrease in DEET levels is caused by the inhomogeneity of DEET in the product because the mixing process is only done in 5 minutes, so it is necessary to optimize the mixing time. Both parties have agreed on corrective and preventive actions in the form of a revalidation process by determining the best mixing time, which is 20 minutes, which produces a DEET level of 32.58%. Validation is carried out for three consecutive batches with all batches showing DEET results that meet the specified product specifications.
Phase identification and morphology of CaCO3/CaO from Achatina Fulica snail shell as the base material for Hydroxyapatite
Authors: Puspitasari Poppy , Fauzi Andre Faiz , Susanto Hendra , Permanasari Avita Ayu , Gayatri Rara Warih , Razak Jeefferie Abdul , Abdillah Pratama Muhammad Mirza 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Snail shell is an abundance of waste in Indonesia, particularly from snail or Achatina fulica snail. Snail shell has high calcium content; thus, it can be used as an alternative replacement for CaO/CaCO3. This research aimed to make CaCO3 and CaO from the Achatina fulica snail shell waste as the base material of hydroxyapatite. The synthesis process of CaO/CaCO3 used the ball milling method for 6 hours in various sintering temperature of 850 °C, 950 °C, 1050 °C. The synthesised samples were then characterized using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM-EDX) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The XRD results showed the successful synthesis of snail shell waste into CaCO3 and CaO with the smallest particle size from each temperature variation were 17.60 nm, 30.16 nm, and 53.30 nm. The SEM images showed agglomeration and porosity in all samples. The EDX test results displayed the highest Ca (calcium) was found in the sample with 1050°C sintering temperature, and the highest O (oxygen) level was found in the sample with 850 °C sintering temperature. The FTIR test results presented the functional group transformation from CaCO3 into higher CaO along with the increase of the sintering temperature.
Analysis of tensile strength, microstructure, and fractograph of Al-Si with snail shell powder as reinforce agent
Authors: Puspitasari Poppy , Susilo Galy Dwi , Aminnudin  , Aji Pradana Yanuar Rohmat , Rahma Putra Andika Bagus Nur , Abdillah Pratama Muhammad Mirza 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This research aimed to increase the mechanical property of Al-Si alloy by adding snail shell powder reinforcement using the stir casting method. This research used 1 minute, 2 minutes, and 3 minutes variations of stirring time. The snail shell powder percentage in this research was 0.05 wt% from the total 1.5 kg Al-Si alloy. The stir casting method was performed by melting the Al-Si in the furnace then was stirred at 500 rpm speed in 850°C temperature before sprinkled with snail shell powder. After the stir casting process, the Al-Si alloy was poured into permanent cylindric mould according to the tensile test specimen. The specimens then tested with the mechanical test to find the tensile strength and microstructure. The results showed increases of the mechanical property with the best result was found in the specimen with a stirring time of 3 minutes with the value of 21.04 kg/mm2.
Quality improvement of SS 304 with variations in feed rate and spraying distance in semi-automatic sandblasting
Authors: Raharjo Rudianto , Ardiyanto Mochamad Tio , Widodo Teguh Dwi , Kusumaningsih Haslinda , Bintarto Redi , Alamsyah Fikrul Akbar , Ali Mukhlis 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Roughness and flatness are things to consider in metal coating and painting. Sandblasting is one method to get certain roughness on the surface of the material. Blasting that occurs in the process affects roughness, flatness, and deflection of the workpiece. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the sandblasting process on surface roughness and flatness in SS 304 stainless steels material using variations in feed rate and distance by applying a semi-automatic sandblasting process by controlling the nozzle motion. The spray feed rate variations were 20, 40, and 60 mm min−1 and the distance variations were 100, 200, and 300 mm. The results of the test show that the smaller the feed rate and the closer the spraying distance, the higher the roughness value and the greater the deflection that affects surface flatness. The highest value occurs at a feed rate variation of 20 mm/min and a distance of 10 cm with a surface roughness value of 1.268 µm and flatness with a deflection angle formed of 1.184° one-sided treatment. In spraying experiments on two sided, improved the surface flatness with the highest deflection angle that occurs at a feed rate of 20 mm/min and a distance of 10 cm with a value of 0.737°.
Optimization for tensile strength of polyester composites reinforced by waru bark fiber with rice husk filler using response surface method
Authors: Pandiatmi Pandri , Kasogi Adnan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This research on the composite of Waru (Hibiscus tiliaceus) bark fibers aims to determine the optimum conditions for the tensile strength of polyester composites reinforced by Waru bark fiber with rice husk filler using the response surface method. The method used is to alkalize Waru bark by 5% NaOH soaking per 1 liter of water for 2 hours. The test object was made using the Hand Lay-Up and Compaction method, the ratio of fibers was 35.86%, 40%, 50%, 60% and 64.14% with filler 2.93%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 17.071 %. Tensile testing using standard ASTM D3039 and data analysis using response surface method. The test results show that the best conditions are at 57.131% fiber fraction and 10.73% filler volume fraction with a tensile strength value of 123.59 N mm−2. The response surface method is an efficient method used to determine levels of independent variables that can optimize response.
ZrOX insertion layer enhanced switching and synaptic performances of TiOX-based memristive devices
Authors: Chang Lung-Yu , Simanjuntak Firman Mangasa , Gapsari Femiana , Prodromakis Themis , Tseng Tseung-Yuen 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The impact of ZrOx material serving as an electro-thermal modulation layer (ETML) in the TiN/Ti/TiOx/TiN memristive device structure is investigated. Although the introduction of the ETML increases the total thickness of the device resulting in the increase of forming voltage, it helps to generate weak filaments. The formation of weak filaments in analog memristive devices is preferable to ensure stable switching cycles and epoch training. The device made with ETML performs stable endurance for more than 600 cycles with an On/Off ratio of approximately one order of magnitude; moreover, the device exhibits uniform potentiation and depression with low nonlinearity.
The effect of epoxy/hardener composition ratio on the young’s modulus of bulk adhesive at high strain rate
Authors: Yohanes  , Sidharta Indra , Pramono Agus S. , Varian Kenny 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This research investigated the effects of resin/hardener ratio to the mechanical behaviors of bulk epoxy adhesive at high strain rate loading using split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) test. The variation of resin/hardener ratio are 2:1, 2:3, 1:1, 3:2, and 1:2 by weight. The results show that the bulk adhesive become more ductile as the ratio deviates from the manufacturer recommendation of ratio 1:1. The adhesive exhibits lower modulus but longer elongation as compared to the baseline. In contrast, at ratio of 3:2 where epoxy resin is slightly excessive, the modulus increases, and the elongation is shorter which indicates a brittle nature. The results facilitate the engineer to design adhesive of gradational modulus to improve joint performances.
Effect of addition elemental Sulfur as additive in the selective reduction process of limonite nickel ore with the presents of sodium sulfate
Authors: Pratama Adiyaksa , Ananda Rizky , Nurjaman Fajar , Ferdian Deni , Suharno Bambang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
High temperatures in the smelting nickel ore increases the energy costs. The use of sulphur or sulphate as additives can optimize the reduction process at low temperatures through the formation of FeS compound. Biomass waste, which is palm shell charcoal, has potential as a reducing agent in the process of reducing laterite nickel ore because it has a fixed carbon value and a high heating value, besides that palm shell charcoal waste is more abundant as Indonesia’s palm oil industry develops. This research was carried out to investigate the effect of addition elemental sulphur as additives and palm shell charcoal as reducing agent in the selective reduction process of limonite nickel ore. This research used limonite ore with 1.38% Ni and 38.2% Fe content. The reduction of nickel ore was conducted at a reduction in temperature variations (950°C, 1050°C, 1150°C) with the presents of 10 wt.% additive sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) and addition 0%, 2.68% and 5% of elemental sulphur. The amount of reducing agent was stoichiometric variations (0.5, 1.0, 1.5). This research shows that the reduction process with 0% sulphur addition produced the most optimal grade and nickel recovery.
Characteristic of friction welding weld joint of AA6061 on elevated environmental temperature
Authors: Sugiarto  , Syamsul Ma’arif M. , Darmadi Djarot B. , Ikram Kido M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Rotary Friction Welding is a solution in addressing the poblems in welding of material difficult to weld by fusion welding, such as AA6061 aluminium alloy. Fusion welding is difficult to apply to aluminium alloy because of porosity and crack which often occur during solidification. From the research on friction welding of AA6061, it can be conclude that excessive welding temperature of friction welding may result in thermal softening in weld zone and HAZ. The excessive cooling rate after friction welding run will affect to formation of hard and brittle of weld zone. Increase of environmental temperature above room temperature will accelerate workpiece to achieve solid state condition and lowering difference between weld peak temperature and inital weld temperature (ΔT) which mean decreasing of coooling rate. In this research, environmental temperature were varied of 27 °C (room temperature), 50 °C, 75 °C, 100 °C, 125 °C dan 150 °C. Some parameters are set constant such as rotation speed of 1600 rpm, friction pressure of 65 bar or 65 kg.cm−2, friction time (tf) of 6 seconds, forging pressure of 325 bar or 325 kg.cm−2, forging time of 60 seconds, contact diameter of workpiece of 15 mm and the workpiece chamfer angle of 15°. The contact area is divided into three zones, which are the plastic deformation zone (Zpl), the partial deformation zone (Zpd) and the non-deformed zone (Zud). The higher the environmental temperature will produces the wider plastic zone and plastic deformation zone (Zpl + Zpd). The higher the environmental temperature will causes the yield strength of the AA 6061 friction weld joint to increase which modelled as y = 3E-05x2 + 0.0033x + 16.582. Likewise, the tensile strength of the AA 6061 friction weld joint also increases which modelled as y = 3E-05x2 + 0.0026x + 18.119. When comparing the hardness of rotating workpiece side (spin) with workpiece side pressing (press), the previous one is higher at all variations of the temperature. From the photograph of the microstructure of base metal of Al 6061, dark particles (Mg2Si) and gray particles (Fe3SiAl12) are present in the Al matrix. The grain structure of Zud is bigger than Zpd and Zpl. Zpd microstructures at all environmental temperatures form smaller granular structures than base metal grains. Zpl microstructure in workpieces with environmental temperature of 27 °C, 50 °C, 75 °C and 100 °C were formed in small granular structure with Mg2Si (black) and Fe3SiAl12 (gray) structure which spread evenly. However Zpl microstructure with environmental temperature of 125 °C and 150 °C seems to enlarge, especially the structure of Fe3SiAl12 (gray), due to overheat and excessive softening.
A robust approach for people counting in dense crowd images using deep neural networks
Authors: Sri Harsha K , Shoba Bindu C , Sudheer Kumar E 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
People counting in dense crowd images with deep neural networks are proved to be effective. The models like RCNN are able to predict the crowd count by head detection, using the CNN and selective search algorithm, but these approaches are very slow, as they involve computing convolutional operation for 2k regional proposals, involving no shared computations, besides the selective search algorithm itself is slow. In this approach a Faster R-CNN for head detection which uses a Regional Proposal Network (RPN) has been used. The region proposal network is a Fully Convolutional Neural Networks that generates region proposals, these regional proposal were fed in to RoI pooling layer and subsequently classified and localized, Thus Faster-RCNN reduces computation cost of convolutional operations by passing a image only once, sharing the convolutional operations and also using RPN for regional Proposals. Using the Faster R-CNN MAE and MSE are reduced compared to R-CNN.
Intelligent Handwritten Character Recognition For Malayalam Scripts Using Deep Learning Approach
Authors: Jose Bineesh , Pushpalatha K. P. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Machine Learning, especially Deep Learning has been incorporated into Pattern Recognition and Image Processing for the Handwritten Character Recognition (HCR) research which is always a hot area of research. Foreign scripts are enriched with Handwritten Character Recognition (HCR) studies. But very less research can be seen for HCR in Indian scenario, especially in Malayalam script. This paper provides an overview of different feature extraction and classification techniques used for Handwritten Character Recognition of Malayalam Scripts using Deep Learning Approaches. The accuracy measures of classification of the different algorithms have been given so that the researchers can select a particular algorithm with high performance.
Energy consumption monitoring in smart home system
Authors: Hariharan R S , Agarwal Reema , Kandamuru Madhurya , Abdul Gaffar H 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Energy Consumption, especially electricity consumption, is one of the serious problems that we are facing in today’s world. There is a need for an efficient system to monitor this energy consumption. Internet of Things opens a way to solve these problems by interconnecting hardware, software and cloud. Therefore, we propose an energy consumption monitoring system for home appliances which can be used to calculate the energy consumption of the household and to keep the user informed about the electricity consumption through an android app where he can view the units of electricity used and a prediction of the bill at the end of the month. The system can also be incorporated with the features of controlling the energy consumed by the appliances as desired by the user and the app will notify if the electricity consumption exceeds a threshold value set by the user.
Evaluation of Speckle Noise Reduction and Feature Enhancement in Prolapsed Mitral Valve Leaflet Echocardiography
Authors: Preethi C , Mohamed Sathik M , Shajun Nisha S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Rheumatic heart disease has a substantial impact on morbidity and mortality for both men and women in developing countries. It is a complication of autoimmune phenomenon known as acute rheumatic fever in response to group A streptococcus bacteria. It often causes damage to valves and lacks its functionality. Initial manifestations of prolapsed valves are evident in echocardiography in the form of valve bulging, commissural fusion and restricted leaflet motion. However, these echocardiogram images are inevitably degraded by multiplicative noise known as speckle noise at the time of image acquisition and transmission. Hence despeckling is of vital importance for enhancing ultrasound image quality. In this paper, a comparative analysis of well established despeckling filters compiled for speckle suppression and feature enhancement has been performed. In addition to this, the performance of these filters is validated using different quantitative metrics. The experimental result shows that feature enhanced Fast Non-Local Means (FNLM) filter outperforms other state-of-art filtering techniques in the aspect of higher PSNR value and preserves structural similarity in terms of SSIM value near to unity. In conclusion, the preprocessing intends to suppress speckle noise and enhancing perceived visual quality that aids for further development of virtual cardiac model.
Energy Efficient Cluster Based Algorithm Technique for Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Ramya G. , Nagarajan R. , Kannadhasan S. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Wireless sensor network [WSN] energy efficiency is the most critical task of researchers. Power regulation is a very effective technique for interference minimizing in WSN and energy consumption. WSN with several nodes linked to the network, including transmitting power to measure network output. The energy usage is connected to node size and weight. Aggregation data secure in WSN is a highly challenging activity. In this research paper suggested stable aggregation of data using fuzzy logic, based on clustering techniques. The clustering method is done in a network. The distance power consumed and faith value are measured for each cluster. The stable data aggregation using fuzzy logic techniques (FLT) is based on these parameters. The proposed research work would minimize energy usage to increase the lifespan of WSN.