bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retos del pensamiento crítico jurídico contemporáneo ante la complejidad de la racionalidad en la decisión judicial
Authors: Valladares Edwin 
Published: July 2021

The following article approaches the current challenges of critical legal thought, in order to build an alternative to the conventional law, i. e., a philosophical and legal reflections in order to give elements for legal decisions that creates conditions for a dignified life for every person. It is an academic effort in order to retrieve the constitutional horizon of emancipation and dignification of human being, who is the main subject of the activity of the State and thus of the legal function.
Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 156, 2020: 165-191
Vertical Zoning in Hydrothermal U-Ag-Bi-Co-Ni-As Systems: A Case Study from the Annaberg-Buchholz District, Erzgebirge (Germany)
Authors: Guilcher Marie , Schmaucks Anna , Krause Joachim , Markl Gregor , Gutzmer Jens , Burisch Mathias 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe Annaberg-Buchholz district is a classic occurrence of hydrothermal five-element (U-Ag-Bi-Co-Ni-As) veins in the Erzgebirge (Germany) with an historic production of ~8,700 metric tons (t) Co ore, 496 t U ore, and 26.9 t Ag. Multiple mineralization stages are recognized in polyphase veins hosted by Proterozoic paragneiss. Fluorite-barite-Pb-Zn mineralization occurs across the entire vertical profile of the district, whereas U and five-element stages are restricted to the upper 400 m below surface, coinciding with a graphite-rich gneiss lithology.Here, we present field and petrographic observations, electron probe microanalysis and fluid inclusion data, as well as thermodynamic calculations to characterize five-element and fluorite-barite-Pb-Zn associations, and to constrain the origin of the vertical zoning in the Annaberg-Buchholz district. Microthermometric analyses of fluid inclusions related to the fluorite-barite-Pb-Zn stage yield homogenization temperatures between 78° and 140°C and salinities between 21.9 and 27.7 equiv wt % (NaCl-CaCl2). A correlation of fluid inclusion Na/ (Na + Ca) ratios with salinity suggests fluid mixing as a likely precipitation mechanism and relates ore formation tentatively to regional tectonics of the Mesozoic opening of the Atlantic.Thermodynamic calculations indicate that U is more sensitive to reduction than As, predicting that arsenide minerals are precipitated more distally relative to uraninite upon reduction along the fluid-flow path. This implies that the observed vertical zoning is not a primary feature but is the result of hydrothermal remobilization. The observations made in the Annaberg-Buchholz district have general importance to the understanding of U-rich five-element mineralization and may be relevant for exploration targeting in unconformity-related U deposits.
La diversificación geográfica en los destinos de exportación de las empresas y cooperativas agroalimentarias. Influencia de los factores externos para su selección
Authors: Cos Sánchez Pilar , Escardíbul Ferrá Blanca , Colom Gorgues Antonio 
Published: July 2021

La diversificación geográfica y la selección de mercados exteriores, aunque generalmente consideradas de forma independiente, conforman un amplio ámbito de estudio. La relación entre ambas disciplinas se ha visto obstaculizada por la multitud de enfoques de investigación en la selección de mercados y por su mayor estudio con otras decisiones estratégicas de internacionalización. A su vez, la importancia de la internacionalización para las cooperativas se hace evidente, identificándose como uno de los factores clave en su competitividad. Sin embargo, sus limitaciones internas y externas dificultan su expansión exterior. El propósito de este trabajo es determinar la influencia de los factores externos de selección de mercados exteriores en la tendencia a su diversificación, sobre una muestra de un tejido exportador concreto. Los datos de los países destino se recogen de diversas fuentes secundarias, tales como el Banco Mundial, la OCDE, la OMC, el World Economic Forum y el Hofstede Centre. Los resultados demuestran que el desarrollo económico y el tamaño del mercado se configuran como variables influyentes en la diversificación de destinos de exportación, no afectando, no obstante, la distancia psicológica. Las cooperativas analizadas, como parte de la economía estudiada, podrían valerse de los resultados obtenidos como referencia en el proceso de selección de mercados exteriores de destinos menos frecuentados, sobre todo por la tendencia de una mayor concentración de sus exportaciones a países de la UE.
ensembleTax: an R package for determinations of ensemble taxonomic assignments of phylogenetically-informative marker gene sequences
Authors: Catlett Dylan , Son Kevin , Liang Connie 
Published: July 2021

Background
High-throughput sequencing of phylogenetically informative marker genes is a widely used method to assess the diversity and composition of microbial communities. Taxonomic assignment of sampled marker gene sequences (referred to as amplicon sequence variants, or ASVs) imparts ecological significance to these genetic data. To assign taxonomy to an ASV, a taxonomic assignment algorithm compares the ASV to a collection of reference sequences (a reference database) with known taxonomic affiliations. However, many taxonomic assignment algorithms and reference databases are available, and the optimal algorithm and database for a particular scientific question is often unclear. Here, we present the ensembleTax R package, which provides an efficient framework for integrating taxonomic assignments predicted with any number of taxonomic assignment algorithms and reference databases to determine ensemble taxonomic assignments for ASVs.

Methods
The ensembleTax R package relies on two core algorithms: taxmapper and assign.ensembleTax. The taxmapper algorithm maps taxonomic assignments derived from one reference database onto the taxonomic nomenclature (a set of taxonomic naming and ranking conventions) of another reference database. The assign.ensembleTax algorithm computes ensemble taxonomic assignments for each ASV in a data set based on any number of taxonomic assignments determined with independent methods. Various parameters allow analysts to prioritize obtaining either more ASVs with more predicted clade names or more robust clade name predictions supported by multiple independent methods in ensemble taxonomic assignments.

Results
The ensembleTax R package is used to compute two sets of ensemble taxonomic assignments for a collection of protistan ASVs sampled from the coastal ocean. Comparisons of taxonomic assignments predicted by individual methods with those predicted by ensemble methods show that conservative implementations of the ensembleTax package minimize disagreements between taxonomic assignments predicted by individual and ensemble methods, but result in ASVs with fewer ranks assigned taxonomy. Less conservative implementations of the ensembleTax package result in an increased fraction of ASVs classified at all taxonomic ranks, but increase the number of ASVs for which ensemble assignments disagree with those predicted by individual methods.

Discussion
We discuss how implementation of the ensembleTax R package may be optimized to address specific scientific objectives based on the results of the application of the ensembleTax package to marine protist communities. While further work is required to evaluate the accuracy of ensemble taxonomic assignments relative to taxonomic assignments predicted by individual methods, we also discuss scenarios where ensemble methods are expected to improve the accuracy of taxonomy prediction for ASVs.
Microbial Contaminants on Inanimate Surfaces and Non-critical Instruments at a Major Reference Hospital in Makurdi, Nigeria
Authors: Akpenpuun A. K. , Nyinoh I. W. 
Published: July 2021

Aims: There have been links between healthcare-acquired infections, contaminated surfaces, and medical instruments. The aim of this study was to: (i) investigate the variety of microorganisms that persist on inanimate/noncritical devices at Benue State University Teaching Hospital Makurdi, Nigeria, as a possible source of healthcare-acquired bacterial and fungal infections, and (ii) determine the prevalence of microorganisms on the instruments sampled.
Study design: This study was a hospital-based cross-sectional study.
Place and duration of study: Microbiology Laboratory (Bacteriology, Media/Washroom, Serology, and Phlebotomy Units), Benue State University Teaching Hospital Makurdi, Nigeria, between January 2021 and May 2021.
Methodology: Swab specimens were collected from tables (14), sinks (8), hand jars (7), scissors (5), inoculating loops (7), refrigerators (6), and autoclaves (3) using sterile stick swabs. The bacterial and fungal investigation was performed using standard culture tests-gram stain, colony morphology, and biochemical tests.
Results: All the samples tested positive for either bacteria or fungi, indicating a contamination rate of 100%. Tables were the most contaminated (28%), sinks (16%), inoculating loops (14%), hand jars (14%), refrigerators (12%), scissors (10%), and autoclaves (6%). Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus spp., Pseudomonas aeuroginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, and the fungi Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans were identified.
Conclusion: The results of this study have shown that hospital surfaces and healthcare-associated equipment is a potential source of nosocomial infections for patients, visitors, and health care workers. Hospitals should enforce regular cleaning and decontamination to forestall the occurrence of nosocomial infections.
Anhedonia in Schizophrenia and Major Depressive Disorder Clinical and Functional MRI Study
Authors: Elsarnagawy Amr Mohamad , Elshafeay Rasha Ahmad , Badawy Adel Abd-Elkarim , Ramadan Ehab Sayed , Shamma Gamal Ibrahim 
Published: July 2021

Background: Anhedonia, is defined as reduced capacity to gain pleasure from pleasurable experiences, is a key symptom of major depression. Several studies had investigated anhedonia in schizophrenia and major depressive disorder, using different psychometric and radiological assessment tools with controversy results in either severity of anhedonia or radiological findings. The aim of this study was to differentiate the nature of the issue of anhedonia in schizophrenia versus major depressive disorder; from clinical and brain function part of view, and to study different variables in this regard.
Methods: This study was carried on 60 participants who were divided into three groups: Group 1: 20 schizophrenic patients, diagnosed according to DSM-5. The symptoms of schizophrenic patients must include anhedonia as a main symptom, Group 2: 20 patients with major depressive disorder according to DSM-5 criteria, and anhedonia was one of their prominent symptoms, Group 3: 20 control subjects.
Results: Our results revealed statically significant differences between participants as regards age of onset, occupational career. Statically significant differences were found between 3 groups. Most of patients in group 1 lacks the interest for social activities and intimate relationships. Statically significant Difference was found between patients in both groups compared to controls. Striatal activity (mainly caudate) was significantly diminished in group 2 (P value <0.001) and group 1 (P value 0.002) relative to controls. Prefrontal activity (ventromedial area ''vmPFC'' and dorsolateral area ''DLPFC'') was increased significantly in group 2 more than control group (P value 0.034). Group 1 shows significantly decreased activation than controls (P value 0.019). Significant differences were found between group 1 and 2 (P value <0.001). Orbito-frontal activity was increased significantly in depressed patients more than group 1 (P <0.001) and controls (P =0.019).
Conclusions: Anhedonia is a highly disabling symptom in patients with schizophrenia or MDD, associated with poor outcome. Depressed anhedonic patients have higher incidence of suicidal ideas, thoughts, and behavior. Depressed patients showed significant striatal hypoactivation associated with hyper activation of prefrontal and orbitofrontal areas. Schizophrenic patients showed diminished activation at striatal areas and frontal cortex. We fail to find significant correlation between severity of anhedonia in both patient groups and degree of fMRI activation in different brain areas involved in reward processing.
Diagnosis of Bacterial Meningitis and AMR Profile Using Molecular and Immunological Techniques
Authors: Parsodkar Rucha P. , Husain Aliabbas A. , Mudey Gargi D. , Singh Lokendra R. , Kashyap Rajpal S. 
Published: July 2021

Background: Bacterial meningitis (BM) is severe complication of central nervous system (CNS) and is often associated with high mortality and morbidity rates if not timely diagnosed and treated. Current diagnostic tools for BM and drug resistance suffer from lack of sensitivity due to paucibacillary nature of Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
Objectives: The objective of the study is to develop rapid and efficacious immunological tools (Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and Lateral flow) for diagnosis of BM in hospital settings. In addition, in-house molecular assays will be developed for diagnosis of extended spectrum beta lactamases and Carbapenems drug resistance in community and hospital acquired BM infection
Methodology: A prospective observational study will be carried out in patients admitted in IPD awards of CIIMS, Nagpur. Diagnosis of BM will be done using conventional gold standards and by in-house designed nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for 8 etiological pathogens. An in-house ELISA assay will be standardized and optimized based on culture filtrates antigen isolated from clinical isolates of etiological pathogens associated with BM for immunological diagnosis. For diagnosis of drug resistance, in-house conventional PCR assay targeting ESBL (TEM, SHV and CTX-M) and Carbapenems (NDM, OXA-48, VIM) resistance genes will be standardized and optimized. The sensitivity and specificity of developed test will be determined by standard ROC curve using medical software. The diagnostic accuracy will be determined based on concordance with gold standards.
Expected results: A simple, rapid ELISA assay will be developed for etiological diagnosis BM in hospital settings. In addition, in house molecular assay will be developed for rapid identification of ESBL and Carbapenems drug resistance in BM cases.
Conclusion: A simple, rapid, efficacious immunological and molecular tools for diagnosis of BM and drug resistance will be developed for improved management of cases in hospital settings as governance of bacterial meningitis in India is poor.
Management of Hypertension in Elderly Pregnant Women with IVF Conception: A Case Report
Authors: Kawale Aparna M. , Patil Manoj 
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Hypertensive complications associated with pregnancy are the primary cause of maternal and fetal morbidity. Early development of cardiovascular disease is also anticipated relatively early after pregnancy is terminated. Over the past 20 years, infertility treatments have steadily increased and proven effective in achieving significant successful conception rates and live birth rates, even among women younger than 35 years of age.
Symptoms and important clinical findings: A 45 year sold female was admitted in AVBRH on date 22/01/2021 with chief complaint of breathing difficulty (elderly G5P1D1A3 with 28 weeks of gestational age)having history of previous LSCS with IVF conception with gestational hypertension.
Obstetric history: Patient had bad obstetric history of three abortionsand one still-birth. In 2017 she had got the menopause. After menopause she took the treatment in AVBRH Sawangi (M) Wardha and got the regular menses.After regular menses, shereceived IVF cycle and she was conceived in 2nd IVF cycle.
The main diagnoses, therapeutic interventions, and outcomes: After physical examination and investigations, this case was diagnosed having 28 weeks of gestation with hypertension. Patient had previous history of LSCS.Patient was treated with antihypertensive drugs to reduce the symptoms of eclampsia. Alsoshe was provided calcium supplement and iron supplement. Present case was stable but ultrasonography revealedsign of stage I- intra uterine growth restriction.
Nursing perspectives: Fluid replacement i.e. DNS and RL, monitoring offetal heart rate and vital signs per hourly.
Conclusion: Conception with in vitro fertilization have increased risk of gestational hypertension as well as fetal complications like intra uterine growth restriction. But timely treatment and management improves the outcome of pregnancy.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Risk of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Among Medicaid Recipients
Authors: Case Siobhan M. , Feldman Candace H. , Guan Hongshu , Stevens Emma , Kubzansky Laura D. , Koenen Karestan C. , Costenbader Karen H. 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveWe studied posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a severe trauma‐related mental disorder, and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) risk in a large, diverse population enrolled in Medicaid, a US government‐sponsored health insurance program for low‐income individuals.MethodsWe identified SLE cases and controls among patients ages 18–65 years enrolled in Medicaid for ≥12 months in the 29 most populated US states from 2007 to 2010. SLE and PTSD case statuses were defined based on validated patterns of International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes. Index date was the date of the first SLE code. Controls had no SLE codes but had another inpatient or outpatient code on the index date and were matched 1:10 to cases by age, sex, and race. Conditional logistic regressions calculated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for the association of PTSD with incident SLE, adjusting for smoking, obesity, oral contraceptive use, and other covariates.ResultsA total of 10,942 incident SLE cases were matched to 109,420 controls. The prevalence of PTSD was higher in SLE cases, at 10.74 cases of PTSD per 1,000 person‐years (95% CI 9.37–12.31) versus 7.83 cases (95% CI 7.42–8.27) in controls. The multivariable‐adjusted OR for SLE among those with PTSD was 2.00 (95% CI 1.64–2.46).ConclusionIn this large, racially and sociodemographically diverse US population, we found patients with a prior PTSD diagnosis had twice the odds of a subsequent diagnosis of SLE. Studies are necessary to clarify the mechanisms driving the observed association and to inform possible interventions.
Electrochemical and Nanomechanical Properties of TiO2 Ceramic Filler Li‐Ion Composite Gel Polymer Electrolytes for Li Metal Batteries
Authors: Pan Xiaona , Yang Peixia , Guo Yue , Zhao Kejie , Xi Baojuan , Lin Feng , Xiong Shenglin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIonically conductive polymers are a promising family of electrolytes for electrochemical devices, including batteries, and flexible electronics. The polymer electrolytes with an excellent mechanical property probably can inhibit the dendrites growth during charging/discharging. Herein, the mechanical properties of an N−methyl−N−propyl piperidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide/poly(vinylidene fluoride‐hexafluoropropylene) gel polymer electrolyte is improved through compositing with %TiO2 nanoparticles. The gel polymer electrolyte shows increased loss modulus after compositing with 5 wt% TiO2, indicating that the inorganic nanoparticles can increase the viscous response of polymer electrolytes. The Li‐ion conductivity shows a noticeable dependence on %TiO2 and the highest ionic conductivity is obtained at 5 wt% TiO2. The presence of TiO2 in the gel polymer electrolyte also allows for smaller interfacial resistance and a more stable Li−electrolyte interface upon long‐term storage and battery cycling. As a result, when assembled with the LiFePO4 and LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 cathodes, the composite gel polymer electrolyte improves the full‐cell performance, such as higher Coulombic efficiency, improved cycling stability, and more stable electrode–electrolyte interface.
Root recovery and elemental composition in a perennial grass as affected by soaking conditions
Authors: Thivierge Marie‐Noëlle , Royer Isabelle , Halde Caroline , Chantigny Martin H. , Bélanger Gilles , Lachance Chantal , Lavergne Stéphanie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRoots of perennial grasses, with their fibrous architecture, are difficult to separate from the surrounding soil. We assessed the effect of five soaking solutions (sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride, disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid [disodium EDTA], distilled water, and sodium hexametaphosphate) and three soaking durations (15 min, 2 h, and 16 h) on root recovery and root elemental composition, with and without a mathematical correction for residual soil adhering to roots. Roots were collected by soil coring in a timothy (Phleum pratense L.) sward on a loam soil. After soaking, roots were washed, digitized, and analyzed for elemental composition. Soaking duration did not affect root mass and length, but the 16‐h duration resulted in the lowest ash concentration (136.7 vs. 146.4 g kg–1 dry matter [DM] on average across shorter durations), indicating a lower contamination by soil. The greatest root recovery was obtained with sodium bicarbonate (0.118 vs. 0.101 g DM core–1 on average across other solutions). Sodium hexametaphosphate led to the lowest root ash and element concentrations but left a P residue on the roots. Distilled water did not impair root cell integrity and led to a similar root recovery as sodium chloride, disodium EDTA, and sodium hexametaphosphate. A mathematical correction improved the estimates of (a) root mass for all soaking solutions and (b) root elemental composition for elements with higher concentrations in soils than in roots. Soaking solutions should be chosen as a function of the study objectives because of the trade‐off between root recovery and contamination by adhering soil.
Comparing data‐driven and hypothesis‐driven MRI‐based predictors of cognitive impairment in individuals from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study
Authors: Casanova Ramon , Hsu Fang‐Chi , Barnard Ryan T. , Anderson Andrea M. , Talluri Rajesh , Whitlow Christopher T. , Hughes Timothy M. , Griswold Michael , Hayden Kathleen M. , Gottesman Rebecca F. , Wagenknecht Lynne E. ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionA data‐driven index of dementia risk based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the Alzheimer's Disease Pattern Similarity (AD‐PS) score, was estimated for participants in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study.MethodsAD‐PS scores were generated for 839 cognitively non‐impaired individuals with a mean follow‐up of 4.86 years. The scores and a hypothesis‐driven volumetric measure based on several brain regions susceptible to AD were compared as predictors of incident cognitive impairment in different settings.ResultsLogistic regression analyses suggest the data‐driven AD‐PS scores to be more predictive of incident cognitive impairment than its counterpart. Both biomarkers were more predictive of incident cognitive impairment in participants who were White, female, and apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) ε4 carriers. Random forest analyses including predictors from different domains ranked the AD‐PS scores as the most relevant MRI predictor of cognitive impairment.ConclusionsOverall, the AD‐PS scores were the stronger MRI‐derived predictors of incident cognitive impairment in cognitively non‐impaired individuals.