bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal and scalar variations affect resource use of northern bobwhite broods
Authors: Kubečka Bradley W. , Terhune Theron M. , Martin James A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDisparate resource use originating from phenology of biotic resources, abiotic conditions, and life cycles of exploiting organisms underscores the importance of research across time and space to guide management practices. Our goal was to evaluate resource use of northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus; bobwhite) at two spatial scales and across three age classes, from hatching through a period of the postjuvenile molt. Our study was conducted at Tall Timbers Research Station, Tallahassee, FL, USA—situated in a landscape subjected to small scale (<20 ha) prescribed fires on a 2‐year fire rotation. We predicted prescribed fire, disking, and supplemental feeding would dictate resource use, but effects would depend on time since fire, brood age, and time of day. We predicted vegetation and temperature would govern roost use by broods, but these effects would also depend on age. We radio‐tracked 62 broods 21–35 times / week during May–October 2018 and 2019. Broods were less likely to use areas with large proportions of hardwood drains but favored sites with greater proportions of burned uplands, regardless of the time of day. Broods were less likely to use areas at greater distances from supplemental feed; this relationship had no interaction with age but was stronger later in the nesting season (>July 15). Broods were more likely to use areas with greater proportions of fallow fields during the day than for roosting. Broods used roosts with more woody cover and visual obscurity than at available sites. Roosts consisted of less grass and bare ground. However, these effects interacted with age; broods used sparser cover at older ages. Neonate broods were more likely to use cooler roosts with greater thermal stability, but this effect was reversed for juveniles. Broods may alter resource use with changes in vulnerabilities to threats such as thermal risks and predation.
Many lifetime growth trajectories for a single mammal
Authors: Veylit Lara , Sæther Bernt‐Erik , Gaillard Jean‐Michel , Baubet Eric , Gamelon Marlène 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDespite their importance in shaping life history tactics and population dynamics, individual growth trajectories have only been rarely explored in the wild because their analysis requires multiple measurements of individuals throughout their lifetime and some knowledge of age, a key timer of body growth. The availability of long‐term longitudinal studies of two wild boar populations subjected to contrasting environments (rich vs. poor) provided an opportunity to analyze individual growth trajectories. We quantified wild boar growth trajectories at both the population and the individual levels using standard growth models (i.e., Gompertz, logistic, and monomolecular models) that encompass the expected range of growth shapes in determinate growers. Wild boar is a rather altricial species, with a polygynous mating system and is strongly sexually dimorphic in size. According to current theories of life history evolution, we thus expect wild boar to display a sex‐specific Gompertz type growth trajectory and lower sexual size dimorphism in the poorer environment. While wild boar displayed the expected Gompertz type trajectory in the rich site at the population level, we found some evidence for potential differences in growth shapes between populations and individuals. Asymptotic body mass, growth rate and timing of maximum growth rate differed as well, which indicates a high flexibility of growth in wild boar. We also found a cohort effect on asymptotic body mass, which suggests that environmental conditions early in life shape body mass at adulthood in this species. Our findings demonstrate that body growth trajectories in wild boar are highly diverse in relation to differences of environmental context, sex and year of birth. Whether the intermediate ranking of wild boar along the precocial–altricial continuum of development at birth may explain the ability of this species to exhibit this high diversity of growth patterns remains to be investigated.
Major biogeographic barriers in eastern Australia have shaped the population structure of widely distributed Eucalyptus moluccana and its putative subspecies
Authors: Flores‐Rentería Lluvia , Rymer Paul D. , Ramadoss Niveditha , Riegler Markus 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe have investigated the impact of recognized biogeographic barriers on genetic differentiation of grey box (Eucalyptus moluccana), a common and widespread tree species of the family Myrtaceae in eastern Australian woodlands, and its previously proposed four subspecies moluccana, pedicellata, queenslandica, and crassifolia. A range of phylogeographic analyses were conducted to examine the population genetic differentiation and subspecies genetic structure in E. moluccana in relation to biogeographic barriers. Slow evolving markers uncovering long term processes (chloroplast DNA) were used to generate a haplotype network and infer phylogeographic barriers. Additionally, fast evolving, hypervariable markers (microsatellites) were used to estimate demographic processes and genetic structure among five geographic regions (29 populations) across the entire distribution of E. moluccana. Morphological features of seedlings, such as leaf and stem traits, were assessed to evaluate population clusters and test differentiation of the putative subspecies. Haplotype network analysis revealed twenty chloroplast haplotypes with a main haplotype in a central position shared by individuals belonging to the regions containing the four putative subspecies. Microsatellite analysis detected the genetic structure between Queensland (QLD) and New South Wales (NSW) populations, consistent with the McPherson Range barrier, an east‐west spur of the Great Dividing Range. The substructure was detected within QLD and NSW in line with other barriers in eastern Australia. The morphological analyses supported differentiation between QLD and NSW populations, with no difference within QLD, yet some differentiation within NSW populations. Our molecular and morphological analyses provide evidence that several geographic barriers in eastern Australia, including the Burdekin Gap and the McPherson Range have contributed to the genetic structure of E. moluccana. Genetic differentiation among E. moluccana populations supports the recognition of some but not all the four previously proposed subspecies, with crassifolia being the most differentiated.
Seasonal variation of behavior and brain size in a freshwater fish
Authors: Versteeg Evan J. , Fernandes Timothy , Guzzo Matthew M. , Laberge Frédéric , Middel Trevor , Ridgway Mark , McMeans Bailey C. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Teleost fishes occupy a range of ecosystem, and habitat types subject to large seasonal fluctuations. Temperate fishes, in particular, survive large seasonal shifts in temperature, light availability, and access to certain habitats. Mobile species such as lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) can behaviorally respond to seasonal variation by shifting their habitat deeper and further offshore in response to warmer surface water temperatures during the summer. During cooler seasons, the use of more structurally complex nearshore zones by lake trout could increase cognitive demands and potentially result in a larger relative brain size during those periods. Yet, there is limited understanding of how such behavioral responses to a seasonally shifting environment might shape, or be shaped by, the nervous system.

Here, we quantified variation in relative brain size and the size of five externally visible brain regions in lake trout, across six consecutive seasons in two different lakes. Acoustic telemetry data from one of our study lakes were collected during the study period from a different subset of individuals and used to infer relationships between brain size and seasonal behaviors (habitat use and movement rate).

Our results indicated that lake trout relative brain size was larger in the fall and winter compared with the spring and summer in both lakes. Larger brains coincided with increased use of nearshore habitats and increased horizontal movement rates in the fall and winter based on acoustic telemetry. The telencephalon followed the same pattern as whole brain size, while the other brain regions (cerebellum, optic tectum, olfactory bulbs, and hypothalamus) were only smaller in the spring.

These findings provide evidence that flexibility in brain size could underpin shifts in behavior, which could potentially subserve functions associated with differential habitat use during cold and warm seasons and allow fish to succeed in seasonally variable environments.
Manganese‐Octacyanidoniobate‐Based Ferrimagnet Possessing Bridging Ligands with Disulfide Bonds
Authors: Kanno Takefumi , Nakabayashi Koji , Imoto Kenta , Ohkoshi Shin‐ichi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe synthesized a cyanido‐bridged Mn−Nb metal assembly possessing large‐sized bridging ligands with disulfide bonds, [Mn(dpds)2]2[Nb(CN)8] ⋅ 6H2O (MnNb, dpds: 4,4’‐dipyridyldisulfide). MnNb has a three‐dimensional coordination framework in which the Mn and Nb sites are bridged by cyanides, while the Mn sites are combined by dpds ligands. The two crystallographically independent dpds ligands are bent around the disulfide bond with large C(pyridine)−S−S−C(pyridine) dihedral angles of 105.4(5)° and 102.2(5)°, respectively. For molecule‐based magnets, dpds is a relatively large bridging ligand, but it is compatible with the limited space of the cyanido‐bridged Mn−Nb coordination framework due to the bent structure. Additionally, antiferromagnetic coupling in MnNb of −13 cm−1 between MnII (S=5/2, g=2) and NbIV (S=1/2, g=2) induces ferrimagnetism with a critical temperature of 46 K.
Consensual and idiosyncratic trustworthiness perceptions independently influence social decision‐making
Authors: Jaeger Bastian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTrustworthiness perceptions are based on facial features that are seen as trustworthy by most people (e.g., resemblance to a smile) and features that are only seen as trustworthy by a specific perceiver (e.g., resemblance to a loved one). In other words, trustworthiness perceptions reflect consensual and idiosyncratic judgment components. Yet, when examining the influence of facial cues on social decision‐making previous studies have almost exclusively focused on consensual judgments, ignoring the potential role of idiosyncratic judgments. Results of two studies, with 491 participants making 15,656 trust decisions, showed that consensual and idiosyncratic trustworthiness judgments independently influenced participants’ likelihood to trust an interaction partner, with no significant differences in the magnitude of the effects. These results highlight the need to consider both consensual and idiosyncratic judgments. Previous work, which only focused on the effect of consensual judgments, may have underestimated the overall influence of trustworthiness perceptions on social decision‐making.
Comparison of 1D a 2D ITP‐MS performance parameters and application possibilities: Ultratrace determination of B vitamins in human urine
Authors: Piestansky Juraj , Cizmarova Ivana , Matuskova Michaela , Mikus Peter 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe possibility to investigate analytes at ultra‐low concentration levels still remains a hot topic in bioanalysis. In this area, various preconcentration techniques are an integral part of analytical procedures. When applying electromigration separation techniques, an isotachophoresis has been advantageously employed many times for this purpose. To solve current biomedical tasks effectively, an advanced two‐dimensional isotachophoretic instrument (in a hydrodynamically closed separation system with an enhanced sample load capacity) hyphenated with mass spectrometry (ITP‐ITP‐MS) has been proposed by Foret and coworkers. As a continuation, this work represents the first study dealing with a full validation of an ITP‐ITP‐MS method. In order to see the benefits of an online ITP sample pretreatment (preconcentration and clean‐up) on the performance parameters, the developed 2D ITP‐MS method was compared with a corresponding 1D ITP‐MS method. Application potentialities of the compared methods were demonstrated via a determination of two B vitamins, namely thiamine and pyridoxine, in human urine samples. The developed 2D ITP‐MS method showed its enhanced effectivity and usefulness for a routine biomedical use (here, a reliable screening of trace B vitamins in human urine without an offline sample preparation).
Recent advance in structure regulation of high‐capacity Ni‐rich layered oxide cathodes
Authors: Qiu Lang , Zhang Mengke , Song Yang , Xiao Yao , Wu Zhenguo , Xiang Wei , Liu Yuxia , Wang Gongke , Sun Yan , Zhang Jun , Zhang Bin , Guo Xiaodong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHigh‐capacity layered oxide Ni‐rich cathodes are attractive to enhance the driving‐range of electric vehicles because of its preferential costs. Nevertheless, in Ni‐rich cathodes, there are still many issues such as microcracks generation along grain boundaries and interface side reaction between active substance and electrolyte, resulting in the rapidly deterioration of electrochemical property. Herein, improving the performance of Ni‐based cathodes by structural regulation is summarized. The remaining challenges and outlook are discussed as well.image
Prospectively predicting Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection/s using routine data from the UK cystic fibrosis register
Authors: Totton Nikki , Bradburn Mike , Hoo Zhe Hui , Lewis Jen , Hind Daniel , Girling Carla , Shepherd Elizabeth , Nightingale Julia , Daniels Thomas , Dewar Jane , Dawson Sophie , Carroll Mary , Allenby Mark , Edenborough Frank , Curley Rachael , Carolan Charlotte , Wildman Martin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRationale and aimsLung health of people with cystic fibrosis (PwCF) can be preserved by daily use of inhaled therapy. Adherence to inhaled therapy, therefore, provides an important process measure to understand the success of care and can be used as a quality indicator. Defining adherence is problematic, however, since the number of prescribed treatments varies considerably between PwCF. The problem is less pronounced among those with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA), for whom at least three daily doses of nebulized therapy should be prescribed and who thus constitute a more homogeneous group. The UK CF Registry provides routine data on PA status, but data are only available 12 months after collection. In this study, we aim to prospectively identify contemporary PA status from historic registry data.MethodUK CF Registry data from 2011 to 2015 for PwCF aged ≥16 was used to determine a pragmatic prediction rule for identifying contemporary PA status using historic registry data. Accuracy of three different prediction rules was assessed using the positive predictive value (PPV). The number and proportion of adults predicted to have PA infection were determined overall and per center for the selected prediction rule. Known characteristics linked to PA status were explored to ensure the robustness of the prediction rule.ResultsHaving CF Registry defined chronic PA status in the two previous years is the selected definition to predict a patient will have PA infection within the current year (population‐level PPV = 96%‐97%, centre level PPV = 85%‐100%). This approach provides a subset of data between 1852 and 1872 patients overall and a range of 8 to 279 patients per center.ConclusionHistoric registry data can be used to contemporaneously identify a subgroup of patients with chronic PA. Since this patient group has a narrower treatment schedule, this can facilitate a better benchmarking of adherence across centers.
The overall impact of COVID‐19 on healthcare during the pandemic: A multidisciplinary point of view
Authors: Sabetkish Nastaran , Rahmani Alireza 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsThe Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic globally changed the priorities of medical and surgical procedures. It has caused many healthcare systems to stop performing their routine screenings. Altering medical clinics to COVID‐19 referral centers, lockdowns, and the public fear to refer to medical centers caused a significant reduction in the referral rate; especially in the elderly. This short review article highlights the transform in clinical practice during the post‐COVID era and the need for future medical revolutions.MethodsA comprehensive literature search was separately performed by both authors. The articles published between 2019 and August 2021 were included in this study and selected according to a quality appraisal method.ResultsWe have summarized the possible corresponding changes in the diagnosis and treatment of all fields of medical care including internal medicine, surgical, and minor subcategories after the COVID‐19 pandemic. We have also discussed the potential impacts of the pandemic on all these different categories and subcategories of medicine, including the outpatient setting and clinical work. We do believe that the lack of routine check‐ups has led to an increase in the stage of disease in patients with a previously diagnosed problem. On the other hand, the dramatic change in the lifestyle of the population including restricted mobility and increased consumption of unhealthy food has caused metabolic syndrome and other new diseases that have not been diagnosed and properly managed.ConclusionOur findings revealed the urgent need for public health awareness. It indicated the need to carry out both psychological and screening approaches in the post‐COVID era to not miss patients with a chronic disease and new cases who were undiagnosed during the COVID pandemic.
aVR ST‐segment changes and prognosis of ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Sedighi Sogol , Fattahi Mustafa , Dehghani Pooyan , Aslani Amir , Mehdipour Namdar Zahra , Hassanzadeh Mani 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundClinical importance of aVR lead‐related changes in predicting the prognosis of acute myocardial infarction remains uncertain. The present study aimed to assess the value of ST‐segment changes in aVR lead and the outcome and sequels of the first episode of acute ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction.MethodsThis prospective cohort study was conducted on patients suffering first episode of ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction and underwent percutaneous coronary intervention. Information was collected through hospital‐recorded files reading. The electrocardiogram (ECG) was taken from the patients upon entering the hospital and followed‐up for 30 days to assess cardiovascular complications.ResultsIn patients with anterior STEMI, with the use of multivariate analysis, admission aVR ST elevation ≥1 mm was found to be a strong and independent predictor of major cardiovascular adverse events (MACE) within 30 days of discharging (P value for trend .002). In patients with inferior (± RV) ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), with the use of multivariate analysis, admission aVR ST depression ≥1 mm was found to be a strong and independent predictor of MACE within 30 days of discharging (P value for trend .01).ConclusionIn patients with anterior STEMI, admission aVR STE ≥1 mm was found to be a strong and independent predictor of MACE within 30 days of discharging. On the other hand, in patients with inferior STEMI, aVR ST depression ≥1 mm was found to be a strong and independent predictor of MACE within 30 days of discharging.
Assessing the double burden of malnutrition among Bangladeshi reproductive‐aged women: A comparison between unconditional and conditional quantile regression
Authors: Khan Jahidur Rahman , Gulshan Jahida 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsThe coexistence of undernutrition and overnutrition creates a double burden of malnutrition (DBM) among women in Bangladesh. This study aimed to assess heterogeneous effects of sociodemographic factors on women's nutritional status using quantile regression (QR) models and to investigate the differences between the results of unconditional QR (UQR) and conditional QR (CQR) models.MethodsA sample of 17 285 nonpregnant women aged 15 to 49 years was extracted from the latest Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey, 2017‐2018. Women's nutritional status was determined using body mass index (BMI). The UQR and CQR were used to estimate the heterogeneous effects of sociodemographic factors on women's BMI.ResultsResults show that the estimated effects of sociodemographic factors varied across the BMI distribution. For the same quantile, the effects differed between UQR and CQR. For instance, education was significantly positively associated with BMI. In UQR, secondary educated women achieved an increase of 0.996 and 1.720 in BMI at 10th and 90th quantiles, respectively, compared to noneducated women, whereas conditional effects were 1.336 and 1.492 at 10th and 90th quantiles, respectively, in CQR. These results also indicate secondary education appeared to have a lesser (or higher) impact in the lower (or upper) tail of BMI distribution, and unconditional and conditional effects for the same quantile varied notably. Other factors such as women's age, occupation, household wealth, number of children ever born and household size, religion, and place of residence were significantly associated with BMI and showed heterogeneous effects.ConclusionOverall, there is a need to focus on heterogeneous effects of factors on women's nutritional status. Patterns of unconditional heterogeneous effects would be more informative than conditional heterogeneous effects while studying factors' effects. These findings may aid in developing strategies targeting high‐risk groups to combat the double burden of malnutrition.
Standalone sauna vs exercise followed by sauna on cardiovascular function in non‐naïve sauna users: A comparison of acute effects
Authors: Lee Earric , Kostensalo Joel , Willeit Peter , Kunutsor Setor K. , Laukkanen Tanjaniina , Zaccardi Francesco , Khan Hassan , Laukkanen Jari A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground and aimsSauna bathing and aerobic exercise have each been shown to affect cardiovascular function. However, direct comparisons between standalone sauna bathing and a combination of exercise and sauna on vascular indices remain limited. Therefore, we conducted a cross‐over study using matched durations to explore the hemodynamic changes of sauna exposure when compared to a combination of aerobic exercise and sauna exposure.MethodsParticipants (N = 72) with at least one cardiovascular risk factor underwent, on two separate occasions: (a) a 30‐minute sauna at 75°C (SAUNA) and (b) the combination of a 15‐minute cycling exercise at 75% maximum heart rate followed by 15‐minute sauna exposure (EX+SAUNA). Relative changes to arterial stiffness (PWV), augmentation index (Alx), brachial systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), central SBP (cSBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and heart rate (HR) were compared PRE‐POST and pre‐ to 30‐minutes post‐intervention (PRE‐POST30).ResultsBaseline SBP and DBP were 143 (SD 18) mmHg and 86 (SD 10) mmHg, respectively. From PRE‐POST, SAUNA had lower DBP (mean difference [95% CI] 2.5 [1.0, 4.1],P = .002) and MAP (2.5 [0.6, 4.3],P = .01). However, EX+SAUNA had lower SBP (−2.7 [−4.8, −0.5],P = .02), DBP (−1.8 [−3.3, −0.4],P = .01), and MAP (−2.0 [−3.5, −0.5],P = .009) PRE‐POST30. There were no statistically significant differences between SAUNA and EX+SAUNA for other measured parameters.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that when matched for duration, EX+SAUNA and SAUNA elicit comparable acute hemodynamic alterations in middle‐aged participants with cardiovascular risk factors. The sauna is a suitable option for acute blood pressure reductions in those who are unable to perform aerobic exercise, and may be a viable lifestyle treatment option to improve blood pressure control.