bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospective changes in physical activity, sedentary time and sleep during the COVID-19 pandemic in a US-based cohort study
Authors: Rees-Punia Erika , Newton Christina C , Rittase Melissa H , Hodge Rebecca A , Nielsen Jannie , Cunningham Solveig , Teras Lauren R , Patel Alpa 
Published: December 2021

ObjectivesAssess differences in movement behaviours within the 24-hour cycle, including light intensity physical activity (LPA), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), sedentary time and sleep, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and assess these differences stratified by several relevant factors in a subcohort of the Cancer Prevention Study-3.Design and settingUS-based longitudinal cohort study (2018–August 2020).ParticipantsN=1992 participants, of which 1304 (65.5%) are women, and 1512 (75.9%) are non-Latino white, with a mean age 57.0 (9.8) years.MeasuresAge, sex, race/ethnicity, education; self-reported LPA, MVPA, sedentary time and sleep duration collected before and during the pandemic; pandemic-related changes in work, childcare and living arrangement; COVID-19 health history.ResultsCompared to 2018, participants spent an additional 104 min/day sedentary, 61 fewer min/day in LPA and 43 fewer min/day in MVPA during the pandemic. Time spent sleeping was similar at the two time points. Differences in movement behaviours were more pronounced among men, those with a higher level of education, and those who were more active before the pandemic.ConclusionsFrom 2018 to Summer 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, US adults have made significant shifts in daily time spent in LPA, MVPA and sedentary. There is an urgent need to promote more physical activity and less sedentary time during this public health crisis to avoid sustaining these patterns long-term.
Where’s the best supermarket deal? Female Southern Rockhopper Penguins (Eudyptes chrysocome) show variable foraging areas during the guard stage at Isla de los Estados, Argentina
Authors: Rosciano Natalia G. , Pütz Klemens , Polito Michael J. , Raya Rey Andrea 
Published: December 2021

Understanding the spatial distribution of seabirds contributes to comprehending their ecological requirements and dispersion patterns. We studied the at-sea distribution of female Southern Rockhopper Penguins (Eudyptes chrysocome (J.R. Forster, 1781)) at Isla de los Estados colony during the early chick-rearing period. We used a clustering analysis approach to identify different groups according to the foraging trip (tracking and diving data from GPS and temperature and depth data loggers) and diet (δ15N composition on blood samples) characteristics. Foraging trips differed in duration, location, and dive depths explored. Females in clusters 1 and 3 traveled longer distances and in opposite directions (36.3 ± 21.3 and 40.3 ± 14.0 km, respectively). Females in cluster 2 fed closer to the colony (16.8 ± 7.8 km). Dives occurred in pelagic habitats. Higher δ15N values suggested a greater proportion of fish (e.g., the Fuegian sprat, Sprattus fuegensis (Jenyns, 1842)) consumption in the northern foraging areas (cluster 1). The variability observed in the spatial distribution suggests flexibility in the foraging behavior of Southern Rockhopper Penguins and availability of adequate foraging areas within the colony range during the early chick-rearing period, both important features for Southern Rockhopper Penguin population. These results contribute to understanding the use of the Southern Ocean by marine mesopredators and top predators and to the marine spatial planning in the area.
Lectures on celestial amplitudes
Authors: Pasterski Sabrina 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLecture notes prepared for the 2021 SAGEX PhD School in Amplitudes hosted by the University of Copenhagen August 10th through 13th. Topics covered include: the manifestation of asymptotic symmetries via soft theorems, their organization into currents in a celestial CFT, aspects of the holographic dictionary, a literature guide, and accompanying exercises.
Molecular synthesis in ices triggered by dissociative electron attachment to carbon monoxide
Authors: Schmidt Fabian , Mues Martin Philipp , Bredehöft Jan Hendrik , Swiderek Petra 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Chemical reactions in mixed molecular ices as relevant in the context of astrochemistry can be initiated by electron-molecule interactions. Dissociative electron attachment (DEA) as initiating step is identified from the enhancement of product yields upon irradiation at particular electron energies. Herein, we show that DEA to CO leads to the formation of HCN in mixed CO/$$\hbox {NH}_{{3}}$$

NH
3

ice at electron energies around 11 eV and 16 eV. We propose that this reaction proceeds via insertion of the neutral C fragment into a N–H bond. In the case of CO/$$\hbox {H}_{{2}}$$

H
2

O and CO/$$\hbox {CH}_{{3}}$$

CH
3

OH ices, a resonant enhancement of the yields of HCOOH and $$\hbox {CH}_{{3}}$$

CH
3

OCHO, respectively, is observed around 10 eV. In both ices, both molecular constituents exhibit DEA processes in this energy range so that the energy-dependent product yield alone does not uniquely identify the relevant DEA channel. However, we demonstrate by comparing with earlier results on mixed ices where CO is replaced by $$\hbox {C}_{{2}}\hbox {H}_{{4}}$$

C
2

H
4

that DEA to CO is again responsible for the enhanced product formation. In this case, $$\hbox {O}^{\cdot -}$$

O

·
-

activates $$\hbox {H}_{{2}}$$

H
2

O or $$\hbox {CH}_{{3}}$$

CH
3

OH which leads to the formation of larger products. We thus show that DEA to CO plays an important role in electron-induced syntheses in molecular ices.

Graphical abstract
Discrete-Time Modeling of NFV Accelerators that Exploit Batched Processing
Authors: Geissler Stefan , Lange Stanislav , Linguaglossa Leonardo , Rossi Dario , Zinner Thomas , Hossfeld Tobias 
Published: December 2021

Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) is among the latest network revolutions, promising increased flexibility and avoiding network ossification. At the same time, all-software NFV implementations on commodity hardware raise performance issues when comparing to ASIC solutions. To address these issues, numerous software acceleration frameworks for packet processing have been proposed in the last few years. One central mechanism of many of these frameworks is the use of
batching techniques
, where packets are processed in groups as opposed to individually. This is required to provide high-speed capabilities by minimizing framework overhead, reducing interrupt pressure, and leveraging instruction-level cache hits. Several such system implementations have been proposed and experimentally benchmarked in the past. However, the scientific community has so far only to a limited extent attempted to model the system dynamics of modern NFV routers exploiting batching acceleration. In this article, we propose a simple, generic model for this type of batching-based systems that can be applied to predict all relevant key performance indicators. In particular, we extend our previous work and formulate the calculation of the queue size as well as waiting time distributions in addition to the batch size distribution and the packet loss probability. Furthermore, we introduce the waiting time distribution as a relevant QoS parameter and perform an in-depth parameter study, widening the set of investigated variables as well as the range of values. Finally, we contrast the model prediction with experimental results gathered in a high-speed testbed including an NFV router, showing that the model not only correctly captures system performance under simple conditions, but also in more realistic scenarios in which traffic is processed by a mixture of functions.
A Tale of Two Histologies: Dissecting the Biology of Lineage Transformation in Lung Cancer
Authors: Meador Catherine B. , Lovly Christine M. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Summary:
Lineage plasticity is an important, and likely underappreciated, mechanism of treatment resistance in lung cancer. Here, Quintanal-Villalonga and colleagues integrate results from multiomic analyses to provide key new insights into the biology of lineage plasticity.
See related article by Quintanal-Villalonga et al., p. 3028.
Combinatorial Natural Killer Cell–based Immunotherapy Approaches Selectively Target Chordoma Cancer Stem Cells
Authors: Hoke Austin T.K. , Padget Michelle R. , Fabian Kellsye P. , Nandal Anjali , Gallia Gary L. , Bilusic Marijo , Soon-Shiong Patrick , Hodge James W. , London Nyall R. 
Published: December 2021

Chordoma is a rare tumor derived from notochord remnants that has a propensity to recur and metastasize despite conventional multimodal treatment. Cancer stem cells (CSC) are implicated in chordoma's resistant and recurrent behavior; thus, strategies that target CSCs are of particular interest. Using in vitro cytotoxicity models, we demonstrated that anti-programmed death ligand 1 (anti–PD-L1; N-601) and anti-EGFR (cetuximab) antibodies enhanced lysis of chordoma cells by healthy donor and chordoma patient NK cells through antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Treatment of NK cells with an IL15 superagonist complex (N-803) increased their cytotoxicity against chordoma cells, which was further enhanced by treatment with N-601 and/or cetuximab. PD-L1–targeted chimeric antigen receptor NK cells (PD-L1 t-haNKs) were also effective against chordoma cells. CSCs were preferentially vulnerable to NK-cell killing in the presence of N-601 and N-803. Flow cytometric analysis of a chordoma CSC population showed that CSCs expressed significantly more NK-activating ligand B7-H6 and PD-L1 than non-CSCs, thus explaining a potential mechanism of selective targeting. These data suggest that chordoma may be effectively targeted by combinatorial NK cell–mediated immunotherapeutic approaches and that the efficacy of these approaches in chordoma and other CSC-driven tumor types should be investigated further in clinical studies.

Significance:
Combinatory immunotherapy using NK-mediated approaches demonstrates robust antitumor activity in preclinical models of chordoma and selectively targets chordoma CSCs.
Because We Are Christian and Filipino
Authors: Cornelio Jayeel , Aldama Prince Kennex 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
As part of his campaign against criminality, President Duterte has called for the reinstatement of the death penalty in the Philippines. Its most vocal supporters are evangelical and independent Christian leaders and lawmakers. Although a religious minority, these entities are politically influential. In this article we show that they support the death penalty because they are Christian and Filipino. They articulate their support in two respects: it is biblical and it must be administered on heinous crimes for the sake of innocent people. We unpack these statements in terms of a religious citizenship that disregards the reality of religious diversity in Philippine society.
Cultural Deference, Community Survival
Authors: Brown Bernardo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
After the military defeat of the Tamil insurgency in Sri Lanka, nationalist sectors backed by Sinhala Buddhist ideology turned to religious minorities in search of new enemies of the State. These have included Muslims and Evangelical Christians who are described as foreign intruders that contaminate the traditions of the nation. Catholics have been spared of accusations of proselytism and the introduction of foreign cultures partly due to the Church leadership’s explicit stance against Evangelical missionary activities and its support of Sinhala nationalist discourse. Catholic communities of Sri Lanka thus find themselves in an ambiguous position: incorporated into the national citizenry, yet a visible minority anxious not to become marginalized like other religious minorities.
The Synekism of Catholic Faith and Citizenship in Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Pillai Shanthini 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this paper, I focus on the influence of the Société des Missions étrangères de Paris (MEP) on the performative poetics of Christian faith and citizenship among Malaysian Catholics. Using the central trope of the house, both in its general context of home and dwelling, and its Christian context of the church as a house of worship, I specifically show how cross-border movements, through intersections of individual, material, and cultural mobility stretching across centuries have led to synekistic practices of subject formation in the religious sphere. In this way the paper interjects into discourses on conflict between Christianity and the state and highlights alternative notes of interdependencies and creative synergies.
Terrorist Offenses and Juveniles – a Comparison between Germany and Turkey
Authors: Balo Yusuf Solmaz , Butz Felix 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Terrorism criminal law and juvenile criminal law are branches of law that modify default criminal law provisions. In terms of their goals, these approaches mostly oppose each other. While the primary purpose of terrorism law is to meet the security needs of society, juvenile criminal law serves the privileged interests of juveniles and their reintegration to that society. With increasing active recruiting of juveniles by terrorist organizations, the question arises of what legal systems are doing in the face of juvenile terrorist offenses. This paper analyses and compares legal responses to terrorist crimes by juveniles in Germany and Turkey. The authors conclude that in Germany juvenile terrorist offenses are granted the benefits of juvenile criminal law to a higher degree than in Turkey. This has various legal and extra-legal reasons; however, in both legal systems reforms seem necessary to react more adequately to this troubling form of juvenile delinquency.
Legitimizing the Shrinking of Democratic Space in Western Liberal Democracies
Authors: Tsoukala Anastassia 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper aims at making a synthesis of the main discursive schemes at work across Western liberal democracies that have sought to legitimize the introduction of liberty-restricting counter-terrorism policies since the September 11th attacks. Redefinition of the nature of threat, of the attackers’ key features and of endangered values has gone along with the conceptual reversal of the definition of democracy and freedom as political value. The normalization of the ensuing illiberal forms of governance arguably suggests that the shrinking of post-war democratic achievement uncovers above all liberal democracy’s inherent political vulnerability.
Біблійні антропоніми й топоніми в українській мові: основні вектори розвитку досліджень
Authors: Піддубна [Piddubna] Наталія [Nataliia] В. [V.] 
Published: December 2021

Biblical Anthroponyms and Toponyms in the Ukrainian Language: Basic Vectors of Research DevelopmentThis article considers the main features of the functioning and development of biblical anthroponyms in the modern Ukrainian language. On the one hand, proper names associated with religion serve to reflect the religious map of the world; on the other – they undergo desacralization and resacralization. This means that their pragmatic potential can expand and they can acquire non-religious semantics.As precedent names, biblical anthroponyms and toponyms reveal their pragmatic potential, first of all, in the belles-lettres style. Despite the conservatism of academic style, biblical anthroponyms function there as well, enriching scientific terminology. In the publicist style, biblical proper names are often used in strong text positions of headings. Most of the analysed units are used as symbols. Semantic and connotative amplitudes of biblical onyms are so wide that they have become the object of word game resulting in polysemy of some units and even their enantiosemy. Biblijne antroponimy i toponimy w języku ukraińskim – główne kierunki rozwojuW artykule analizuje się podstawowe cechy funkcjonowania i rozwoju biblijnych nazw osobowych we współczesnym języku ukraińskim. Nazwy własne związane z religią z jednej strony służą do odzwierciedlenia religijnego obrazu świata, z drugiej strony są poddawane desakralizacji i resakralizacji. Proces ten stwarza możliwość rozszerzenia ich potencjału pragmatycznego i uzyskania przez nie semantyki pozareligijnej.Biblijne antroponimy i toponimy stanowiące precedensowe nazwy własne realizują swój potencjał przede wszystkim w stylu literackim. Pomimo konserwatyzmu charakterystycznego dla stylu naukowego także w nim funkcjonują biblijne antroponimy i toponimy, które wzbogacają terminologię naukową. Biblijne nazwy własne w stylu publicystycznym są często wykorzystywane w wyrazistych tekstowych pozycjach nagłówków. Większość przeanalizowanych jednostek spełnia rolę symbolu. Semantyczne i konotacyjne amplitudy biblijnych onimów są na tyle pojemne, że stały się obiektem gry słownej prowadzącej do wieloznaczności, a nawet enancjosemii niektórych jednostek.
Femoral-Femoral Bypass for Limb Salvage to Correct Common Iliac Occlusion after Lower Extremity Trauma
Authors: Castater Christine , Hazen Ben , Barrett G. Stewart , Davis Carolyn , Butler Caroline , Ramos Christopher , Smith Randi N. 
Published: December 2021

Background Roadway injuries are a leading cause of lower extremity vascular trauma. Treating these injuries involves controlling life-threatening hemorrhage and restoring distal perfusion. Materials and Methods We describe a unique presentation of chronic iliac artery occlusion in the setting of blunt trauma requiring extra-anatomic bypass for maximal limb salvage. Results A 50-year-old male presented after a pedestrian versus auto accident. He had mangled bilateral lower extremities and was taken emergently for lower extremity amputations. He was found to have chronic left common iliac occlusion and a femoral-femoral bypass was performed to assist with healing his left below-the-knee amputation Discussion Lack of adequate perfusion can cause poor outcomes in limb salvage. This case demonstrated that lower extremity trauma can be complicated by chronic vascular disease. Reperfusion and adequate wound healing can be accomplished by using bypass grafting after more traditional reperfusion techniques fail.
Conservative Management of Large Tracheal Perforation due to Traumatic Intubation
Authors: Yu Yasong , Sambol Justin T. , Shakir Huzaifa A. 
Published: December 2021

Tracheal perforation is a rare complication of intubation and is associated with high mortality. Here we describe a case of large, full-thickness tracheal perforation from traumatic intubation after an elective procedure. The injury was managed with prolonged intubation that bypassed the site of injury, and the patient was successfully extubated after 11 days. Conservative management of tracheal perforation after traumatic intubation is an option in select patients that avoids need for surgery.
Measurement of Lingual Artery Using Ultrasound Versus Computed Tomography Angiography for Midline Glossectomy in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Zheng Chenhai , Shi Lei , Xing Dengxiang , Qin Jie , Ji Peipei , Li Shuhua , Wu Dahai 
Published: December 2021

Objective:To clarify the differences in assessing the course of the lingual artery between lingual artery computed tomography angiography (CTA) and ultrasound (US).Methods:Twenty-six OSA patients were included in this study and accomplished lingual artery CTA and US, respectively. The differences in the depths of the lingual arteries and the distances between the bilateral lingual arteries on 3 measurement levels based on lingual artery CTA and US were compared.Results:The depths of the lingual arteries on 3 measurement levels by CTA were deeper than those by US ( P < .01). There was no significant difference in the distances between bilateral lingual arteries on 3 measurement levels between CTA and US ( P > .05).Conclusions:The parameters of lingual artery measured by lingual artery US were similar to or smaller than those measured by lingual artery CTA. Like lingual artery CTA, lingual artery US could be used as an effective method to ensure the safety of the operation.
Development of high melt strength polypropylene and its application in thermoplastic elastomeric composition
Authors: De Sarkar Mousumi , Chandel Nishant , Banerjee Shib Shankar , Saha Subhabrata , Bhowmick Anil K , Gupta Surendra , Saroop Madhumita 
Published: December 2021

High melt strength polypropylene (HMS-PP) with a long-chain branched structure is a modified form of polypropylene (PP) which has basic properties of regular PP but with superior melt drawability. This paper reports on the development of gel-free HMS-PP from a linear isotactic PP through the introduction of long-chain branching on its backbone via a reactive extrusion process, using dicetyl-peroxydicarbonate (PODIC) alone or in combination with a coagent. The melt strength and the mechanical properties such as impact and flexural strength of PP showed improvements with the modification with PODIC. 5000 ppm by weight of PODIC was found to provide the best balance of properties. The efficacies of zinc diethyldithiocarbamate (ZDC) and tetramethyl thiuram disulphide (TMTD) as coagents in combination with PODIC to augment properties of HMS-PP further were explored. TMTD offered slightly enhanced performance benefits as compared to ZDC at an optimized concentration of 100 ppm by weight. The application potential of HMS-PP in thermoplastic elastomeric blends of HMS-PP with ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM) rubber at a fixed ratio of 35/65 by weight was also investigated. Structure-property correlations were established between the extent of long-chain branching in the modified PP and the properties of the resultant thermoplastic elastomeric composition.
Evaluation of the impact of human immunodeficiency virus pre-exposure prophylaxis on new human immunodeficiency virus diagnoses during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Keane A , Regan SO , Quinn L , Murphy D , Kelly BO , Lynam A , Lyons F , Devitt E 
Published: December 2021

Aims The national PrEP programme launched in Ireland in November 2019 with tenofovir/emtricitabine free to those meeting eligibility criteria. We assessed the impact of the first year of the PrEP programme on new HIV diagnoses in the largest sexual health and HIV service in Ireland. Methods A free PrEP service was established in November 2019. We reviewed the number of new diagnoses of HIV between November 2018–2019, before the introduction of the national PrEP programme and compared this with the number of new HIV diagnosis between November 2019–2020. Results There were 95 new HIV diagnoses (63.3% MSM) between November 2018 and 2019 and 73 new HIV diagnoses (65.7% MSM) between November 2019 and 2020. There was a statistically significant decline in new HIV diagnoses between the 2 years ( P = 0.0003). 546 patients were prescribed PrEP as of December 2020.106 patients (19.4%) changed their PrEP dosing regimen due to lockdown. 178 individuals (32.6%) had a rectal infection diagnosed. Conclusion There has been a reduction in new HIV diagnoses in our cohort (although this has occurred during a global pandemic). It is too early to say if PrEP reduces late presentations of HIV based on our findings. A significant number of rectal infections were identified in the PrEP clinic suggesting ongoing risk despite pandemic restrictions. Further research into sexual practices during COVID-19 is needed to assess if this had an impact on the lower rates of HIV acquisition.