bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic Benefit of GLP-1 RA Addition to SGLT2i in Patients with ASCVD and Heart Failure: A Cohort Study
Authors: Chen Sih-Yao , Wu Jheng-Yan , Liao Kuang-Ming , Lin Yu-Min 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Aims
Managing patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and heart failure (HF) is challenging. While sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) show cardiovascular benefits, the impact of combining these agents is unclear. This study evaluated whether adding GLP-1 RA to SGLT2i provides additional benefits in patients with both ASCVD and HF.

Methods and Results
This retrospective observational study utilized the TriNetX database to analyze patients with ASCVD and HF who initiated GLP-1 RA with SGLT2i or SGLT2i alone from August 1, 2016, to September 30, 2024. A total of 2 797 317 patients were identified, with 96 051 patients meeting inclusion criteria. After propensity score matching (PSM), 5 272 patients in each group were analyzed. Primary outcomes included mortality or hospitalization within one year; secondary outcomes examined mortality, hospitalization, and heart failure exacerbation (HFE). Patients receiving GLP-1RA and SGLT2i therapies had significantly lower risk of mortality or hospitalization (HR 0.78; 95% CI 0.74–0.83), mortality (HR 0.72; 95% CI 0.62–0.84), hospitalization (HR 0.78; 95% CI 0.73–0.83), and HFE (HR 0.77; 95% CI 0.72–0.83) versus SGLT2i alone. Subgroup analyses showed consistent benefits in patients with HFpEF, HFrEF, patients with diabetes, obesity, chronic kidney disease, or those using semaglutide or dulaglutide, while liraglutide use showed a neutral effect. Drug-related side effects were monitored as safety outcomes, which showed no significant differences between groups.

Conclusions
In ASCVD and HF patients, adding GLP-1 RA to SGLT2i reduces one-year mortality and hospitalization, warranting further investigation in diverse settings.
Daily Stressor Appraisals and Subjective Age Predict Daily Affective Ratings
Authors: Graham Lyndsey N , O’Brien Erica L , Neupert Shevaun D 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objectives
Stressor appraisals are a transaction between the environment and the individual, such that individuals may appraise a situation as stressful when the problem is greater than the resources available to address it. Stressors appraised as threatening to the way one feels about themselves, their plans for the future, or their own physical health and safety are known to increase negative affect (Almeida et al., 2002). Appraisal theory (Lazarus, 1999) frames our predictions regarding the importance of daily contexts and aging processes to understand how stressor appraisals and feelings of aging may be associated with daily affective ratings. We investigated the potential interaction of daily stressors appraisals and daily subjective age on daily negative affect.

Methods
One hundred and one younger adults (aged 18-36, M = 19.4, SD = 2.05) and 73 older adults (aged 60-90, M = 65.2, SD = 4.66) participated in an online 8-day daily diary study.

Results
Our results indicated a significant two-way interaction between daily stressor appraisals and daily subjective age on daily negative affect, such that on days when participants reported low stress appraisals and younger subjective ages, participants also reported lower negative affect.

Discussion
The dynamic nature of stressor appraisals, in light of daily aging experiences and daily affective ratings, suggest potential benefits and boundaries associated with subjective aging experiences.
Deconer: An Evaluation Toolkit for Reference-based Deconvolution Methods Using Gene Expression Data
Authors: Zhang Wei , Zhang Xianglin , Liu Qiao , Wei Lei , Qiao Xu , Gao Rui , Liu Zhiping , Wang Xiaowo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In recent years, computational methods for quantifying cell type proportions from transcription data have gained significant attention, particularly those reference-based methods which have demonstrated high accuracy. However, there is currently a lack of comprehensive evaluation and guidance for available reference-based deconvolution methods in cell proportion deconvolution analysis. In this study, we introduce Deconvolution Evaluator (Deconer), a comprehensive toolkit for the evaluation of reference-based deconvolution methods. Deconer provides various simulated and real gene expression datasets, including both bulk and single-cell sequencing data, and offers multiple visualization interfaces. By utilizing Deconer, we conducted systematic comparisons of 16 reference-based deconvolution methods from different perspectives, including method robustness, accuracy in deconvolving rare components, signature gene selection, and building external reference. We also performed an in-depth analysis of the application scenarios and challenges in cell proportion deconvolution methods. Finally, we provided constructive suggestions for users in selecting and developing cell proportion deconvolution algorithms. This work presents novel insights to researchers, assisting them in choosing appropriate toolkits, applying solutions in clinical contexts, and advancing the development of deconvolution tools tailored to gene expression data. The tutorials, manual, source code, and demo data of Deconer are publicly available at https://honchkrow.github.io/Deconer/.
Factors Influencing the Establishment of Hospital Accreditation Programs in Low- and Middle-income Countries: A Scoping Review
Authors: Dharmagunawardene Dilantha , Bowman Paula , Avery Mark , Greenfield David , Hinchcliff Reece 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Hospital accreditation programs are globally recognised as an important tool for enhancing quality and safety in healthcare; however, many programs in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) are discontinued shortly after their establishment. This scoping review synthesised published evidence on factors influencing the establishment and sustainability of hospital accreditation programs in LMICs, to provide guidance to health stakeholders involved in these processes. Six databases were searched using the terms “accreditation,” “health,” “hospital,” and the country list of LMICs. Screening was undertaken collaboratively for validation. A framework to guide data extraction was developed by amalgamating eight existing classifications, theories, models, and frameworks concerning policy diffusion and implementation. The framework comprised the following domains: antecedent influences (A), contextual factors (C), establishment factors (E), standards, surveyors, stimulants (incentives) and survey related factors (S-4S), governance (G), legislation (L), execution (implementation; E), and assessment and monitoring (AM), forming the ACES-GLEAM framework. Thirty-two sources were identified, with an increasing publication trend over time. The included studies reported upon a broad range of patterns, innovations, influencers, enablers, and barriers concerning accreditation program establishment in LMICs. Key questions emerged, including the degree of government involvement, incorporation of international standards versus development of bespoke standards, the use of local versus external surveyors, the use of financial and other incentives to promote engagement, and mandatory versus voluntary approaches of program implementation. Resource constraints were recognised as the most important barriers to sustainable establishment, while the influence of global accreditation and donor agencies were viewed as presenting both positive and negative impacts. Health stakeholders are encouraged to reflect upon and apply the ACES-GLEAM framework, incorporating the guiding principles outlined in this paper, to help establish hospital accreditation programs in LMICs in a way that facilitates sustainability and effectiveness over time.
Antidepressants in the Treatment of Bipolar Depression: Commentary
Authors: Vázquez Gustavo H , Baldessarini Ross J 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Depression is a therapeutic challenge with bipolar disorder (BD) patients and remains a major contributor to disability, comorbidity, and premature mortality. Efficacy and safety of antidepressants for this indication remain particularly controversial and optimally safe and effective treatment of bipolar depression remains uncertain.

Method
We summarized selected research findings on treatment of depression in BD aimed at supporting practical guidelines for clinical treatment involving antidepressants.

Results
Growing research evidence indicates that antidepressants are probably effective in bipolar depression and possibly not less than in major depressive disorder (MDD). Tolerability of antidepressant treatment is greater with type II BD (BD-2) than with type I (BD-1), particularly when antidepressants are combined with a mood-stabilizer or antipsychotic. For bipolar depression preferred antidepressants are serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) and bupropion given in moderate doses for limited times.

Conclusions
Optimal treatment of depression requires further investigation, particularly for long-term maintenance. Nevertheless, treatment for acute depressive episodes can usefully and safely include some antidepressants in moderate doses for limited duration, best combined with lithium, some anticonvulsants or certain atypical antipsychotics, and more safely with BD-2 than BD-1 with close clinical supervision.
G6PD deficiency is associated with an increased risk of acute kidney injury independent of hemolytic complications in children with severe malaria
Authors: Namazzi Ruth , Kazinga Caroline , Lima-Cooper Giselle , Liepmann Claire , Goings Michael J , Bednarski Olivia , Abreu Marco , Schwantes-An Tae-Hwi , Batte Anthony , Opoka Robert O , John Chandy C , Conroy Andrea L 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common and predicts mortality in severe malaria. Studies have reported an increased incidence of AKI in males with hemolytic features of SM. G6PD deficiency, an X-linked enzymopathy, can induce hemolysis. We evaluated whether the G6PD African allele (A-) was associated with AKI in children with severe malaria. The prevalence of G6PD deficiency was 16.7% among hemizygous males and 2.4% in females. G6PD deficiency was associated with 2.56-fold odds of AKI (95% CI, 1.33 to 4.93, p=0.005), adjusting for age, sex, site, nutritional status, and features of hemolysis.
Artificial intelligence in hepatology: a comparative analysis of ChatGPT-4, Bing, and Bard at answering clinical questions
Authors: Anvari Sama , Lee Yung , Jin David Shiqiang , Malone Sarah , Collins Matthew 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background and Aims
The role of artificial intelligence (AI) in hepatology is rapidly expanding. However, the ability of AI chat models such as ChatGPT to accurately answer clinical questions remains unclear. This study aims to determine the ability of large language models (LLMs) to answer questions in hepatology, as well as compare the accuracy and quality of responses provided by different LLMs.

Methods
Hepatology questions from the Digestive Diseases Self-Education Platform were entered into three LLMs (OpenAI’s ChatGPT-4, Microsoft’s Bing, and Google’s Bard) between September 7 and 13, 2023. Questions were posed with and without multiple-choice answers. Generated responses were assessed based on accuracy and number of correct answers. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the number of correct responses per LLM per category.

Results
A total of 144 questions were used to query the AI models. ChatGPT-4’s accuracy was 62.3%, Bing’s accuracy was 53.5%, and Bard’s accuracy was 38.2% (P &lt; .001) for multiple-choice questions. For open-ended questions, ChatGPT-4’s accuracy was 44.4%, Bing’s was 28.5%, and Bard’s was 21.4% (P &lt; .001). ChatGPT-4 and Bing attempted to answer 100% of the questions, whereas Bard was unable to answer 11.8% of the questions. All 3 LLMs provided a rationale in addition to an answer, as well as counselling where appropriate.

Conclusions
LLMs demonstrate variable accuracy when answering clinical questions related to hepatology, though show comparable efficacy when presented with questions in an open-ended versus multiple choice (MCQ) format. Further research is required to investigate the optimal use of LLMs in clinical and educational contexts.
The PARADIGM project – I. How early merger histories shape the present-day sizes of Milky-Way-mass galaxies
Authors: Joshi Gandhali D , Pontzen Andrew , Agertz Oscar , Rey Martin P , Read Justin , Pillepich Annalisa 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT
How mergers affect galaxy formation depends on both feedback processes, and on the geometry and strength of the mergers themselves. We introduce the PARADIGM project, where we study the response of a simulated Milky-Way-mass galaxy ($M_{\rm 200c}\sim 10^{12}\,{\rm M}_{\odot }$ at $z=0$) forming in a cosmological setting to differing merger histories, using genetically modified initial conditions, each simulated with the VINTERGATAN and IllustrisTNG codes. While VINTERGATAN has been developed with an emphasis on resolving the cold interstellar medium, IllustrisTNG uses a subgrid two-phase model and consequently scales to large volume simulations, making them ideal to examine complementary views on how merger histories and feedback interact. Our genetic modifications alter the mass ratio of an important $z \approx 2$ merger while maintaining the halo’s $z=0$ mass. Whether simulated with VINTERGATAN or IllustrisTNG, smaller mass ratios for this early merger result in larger galaxies at $z=0$, due to a greater build-up of a kinematically cold disc. We conclude that such broad trends are robustly reproducible; however, the normalization of the resulting stellar sizes is substantially different in the two codes (ranging between $0.5\,{\rm and}\,1.7\ \rm {kpc}$ for VINTERGATAN but $1.3{\!-\!}7.0\ \rm {kpc}$ for IllustrisTNG). The VINTERGATAN galaxies systematically form stars earlier, leading to a larger bulge component. Despite the difference in size normalization, both simulation suites lie on the observed size−mass relation for their respective morphological types. In light of these results, we discuss the interplay between internal processes and large-scale gravitational interactions and gas accretion, and how the two galaxy models converge on similar emergent trends but along different evolutionary pathways.
Accessing pluripotent drones through reprogramming of dynamic soft self-healing chemical growth
Authors: Qin Kecheng , Tang Wei , Guo Xinyu , Xu Huxiu , Zhong Yiding , Wang Yonghao , Sheng Qincheng , Yang Huayong , Zou Jun 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The functions of drones implemented by existing design paradigms are usually fixed and do not have the possibility of further “development”. In biology and stem cells, pluripotency is defined as a system that is not fixed in its developmental potential. Inspired by this concept, we report a single pluripotent drone that can further “develop” into a series of drones that exhibit different functions to perform a variety of challenging tasks. To realize this concept, we propose a method of reprogramming of dynamic soft self-healing chemical growth (R-growth), which can differentiate specific “organs” through growth to achieve corresponding functions, and after completing the corresponding tasks, these “organs” can disappear and return to the initial drone state, and can respond to possible damage through rapid self-healing (∼3.2 s, more than 1000 times the self-healing speed of existing similar membranes). R-growth is large-scale (&gt;1.5 m), fast (0.15 m/s), lightweight (∼5 g, 1/20 the weight of traditional micro air pumps), self-contained, and free-wheeling, matching various existing drones, thereby differentiating their functions to enable an unprecedented range of tasks. Our work can realize the differentiation, disappearance, and switching of any functional “organ” of a drone, while such macro robots or humans, to date, only exist in science fiction movies.
9 THE CLINICAL INTERVENTION EFFECT OF MINDFULNESS PAINTING ART THERAPY ON ADOLESCENT DEPRESSION PATIENTS
Authors: Zhai Yujia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
With the arrival of the new era, teenagers face enormous academic and life pressures, which are accompanied by various psychological and physiological problems, and in severe cases, even depression. Depression can affect various aspects of people’s lives and is gradually becoming younger, with teenagers experiencing more severe depression problems. Therefore, it is necessary to focus on how to improve depression. Related studies have shown that mandala painting, as an art form, can induce mindfulness or flow, and may have a certain effect on intervening in depression. Therefore, the study mainly explored the clinical intervention effect of mandala painting on adolescent depression patients.

Methods
The study selected 50 adolescent patients diagnosed with depression from a certain middle school, aged between 15-18 years old. The study used a randomized controlled experimental design to randomly divide patients into an experimental group and a control group, with 25 people in each group. The experimental group participated in mindfulness painting art therapy intervention, using mandala painting as part of mindfulness art therapy. The control group did not receive mindfulness painting intervention, but received conventional cognitive-behavioral therapy treatment. The course of treatment for both therapy groups is 8 weeks, twice a week for 1 hour each time. Before and after intervention, scores were obtained using the Self Rating Depression Scale (SDS) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) for adolescents.

Results
The SDS and HAMD scores of patients in the experimental and control groups before and after the 8-week intervention are shown in Table 1. According to Table 1, the SDS and HAMD scores of the experimental group undergoing mindfulness painting art therapy were significantly improved, and the improvement effect was significantly better than that of the control group. Among them, the SDS score of the experimental group was as high as 46.89 ± 4.01 points before intervention, and decreased to 36.91 ± 2.17 points after intervention, with a statistical difference between the two (P&lt;0.05). Meanwhile, there was a statistically significant difference (P&lt;0.05) in the HAMD scores of the experimental group before and after intervention. In addition, in the inter group comparison, the experimental group had significantly lower scores on various scales after intervention compared to the control group.

Discussion
The research results indicate that mindfulness painting art therapy using mandala painting has a significant clinical intervention effect on adolescent depression patients. Compared to traditional cognitive-behavioral therapy, mandala painting can effectively alleviate depressive symptoms in adolescent depression patients and significantly improve mindfulness levels, with strong clinical application prospects for mental illness. Future research can further explore the mechanism by which mandala painting alleviates depressive symptoms.
11 DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF SPEECH EMOTION INTERACTION SYSTEM FOR PATIENTS WITH MENTAL ILLNESS
Authors: Zhang* Ying , Huang Bo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
In recent years, with the development of voice emotion technology, its application in the treatment of psychiatric patients has become increasingly widespread. Speech emotion recognition technology is a technique that uses speech signal analysis and pattern recognition technology to classify human speech signals into emotions and determine the emotional state of the speaker. The research aims to explore the impact of voice emotion interaction system on the symptoms of schizophrenia patients, in order to provide more convenient and efficient treatment services for more schizophrenia patients.

Methods
Combining support vector machine and long short-term memory network, a speech emotion interaction system is designed. The system is divided into recording module and analysis module. A total of 62 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia between January 2024 and September 2024 were selected from a top-three hospital in a certain city, and randomly divided into voice-emotion interaction system group (31 patients) and conventional group (31 patients). The conventional group was treated with traditional psychotherapy and conventional drug therapy, and the voice-emotion interaction system group was treated with voice-emotion interaction system on the basis of the conventional group. The intervention duration was 2 months. SPSS 23.0 was used for data analysis, and the Symptoms of patients were evaluated using the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS).

Results
The comparison of SANS scores between the voice emotion interaction system group and the conventional group is shown in Table 1. After intervention, the scores of emotion indifference or dullness, poor thinking, impaired will, attention disorder, interest or social disorder were 11.46 ± 2.57, 11.08 ± 2.30, 8.34 ± 1.48, 7.08 ± 1.25 and 10.62 ± 2.54, respectively, which were significantly lower than before intervention. Before intervention, there was no significant difference between the two groups (P &gt; 0.05), and after intervention, there was a significant difference between the two groups (P &lt; 0.05).

Discussion
The voice emotion interaction system can effectively improve the symptoms of schizophrenia patients. Through this system, patients can improve their emotional state through voice communication with the system. Doctors can better understand the psychological needs of patients based on their voice emotional changes, and provide more suitable psychological treatment plans for patients.