bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short versus conventional stem in cementless total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Steinbrück Arnd , Grimberg Alexander W. , Elliott Johanna , Melsheimer Oliver , Jansson Volkmar 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Short-stemmed total hip arthroplasty (THA) is well established and gaining popularity in Germany. The perception that short stems may predispose to primary instability in the femur has resulted in a more thorough follow-up of younger patient cohorts than the typical uncemented THA population. To address this issue, an evidence-based approach is presented for a retrospective mid-term survival analysis of a large registry-based cohort in primary cementless THA comparing short stems with a matched group of conventional stems.

Material and methods
Propensity score matching (PSM, see Infobox 1) was used on 131,580 primary cementless THAs fulfilling the inclusion criteria performed between November 2012 and September 2019 and the cumulative probability of revision (CPR) of short and conventional stems for any reason, for reasons excluding prosthetic joint infection (PJI), and due to PJI were compared.

Results
After PSM at 1:1 balanced groups of 17,526 short stems and of 17,526 conventional stems were achieved demonstrating no significant difference for CPR for any reason and for reasons excluding PJI. Matched CPR for any reason was 2.9% (95% confidence interval, CI, 2.4–3.5%) 5 years after primary THA in the short stem and 3.1% (95% CI 2.7–3.4%) in the conventional stem group. The CPR excluding PJI was 2.2% (95% CI 1.7–2.7%) vs. 2.1% (95% CI 1.8–2.4%). In contrast, the incidence of PJI was statistically significant lower for short stems.

Conclusion
For the considered period, there was no statistically significant survival difference in uncemented THA between comparison groups but a lower incidence for PJI in short-stem THA. Further analyses of registry data are required to rule out range of indications and late mechanical failure of short stems.
Skew Killing spinors in four dimensions
Authors: Ginoux Nicolas , Habib Georges , Kath Ines 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper is devoted to the classification of 4-dimensional Riemannian spin manifolds carrying skew Killing spinors. A skew Killing spinor $$\psi $$
ψ
is a spinor that satisfies the equation $$\nabla _X\psi =AX\cdot \psi $$

∇
X

ψ
=
A
X
·
ψ

with a skew-symmetric endomorphism A. We consider the degenerate case, where the rank of A is at most two everywhere and the non-degenerate case, where the rank of A is four everywhere. We prove that in the degenerate case the manifold is locally isometric to the Riemannian product $${\mathbb {R}}\times N$$

R
×
N

with N having a skew Killing spinor and we explain under which conditions on the spinor the special case of a local isometry to $${\mathbb {S}}^2\times {\mathbb {R}}^2$$

S

2

×

R

2

occurs. In the non-degenerate case, the existence of skew Killing spinors is related to doubly warped products whose defining data we will describe.
Heat-Mitigation Effects of Irrigated Rice-Paddy Fields Under Changing Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Based on a Coupled Atmosphere and Crop Energy-Balance Model
Authors: Ikawa Hiroki , Kuwagata Tsuneo , Haginoya Shigenori , Ishigooka Yasushi , Ono Keisuke , Maruyama Atsushi , Sakai Hidemitsu , Fukuoka Minehiko , Yoshimoto Mayumi , Ishida Sachinobu , Chen Charles P. , Hasegawa Toshihiro , Watanabe Tsutomu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractKnown as the heat-mitigation effect, irrigated rice-paddy fields distribute a large fraction of their received energy to the latent heat during the growing season. The present hypothesis is that increased atmospheric CO2 concentration decreases the stomatal conductance of rice plants and increases the air temperature by means of an increased sensible heat flux. To test this hypothesis, a coupled regional atmospheric and crop energy-balance model is developed and applied to a 300 × 300 km2 region in Japan. Downscaling meteorological variables from grid-mean values of mixed land use (3 × 3 km2) generates realistic typical diurnal cycles of air temperature in rice paddies and adjacent residential areas. The model simulation shows that, on a typical sunny day in summer, doubling the CO2 concentration increases the daily maximum grid-mean air temperature, particularly where rice paddies are present, by up to 0.7 °C. This CO2 effect on the grid-mean air temperature is approximately half the effect of the reduction in rice-paddy area that is postulated to occur on a time scale similar to that of the atmospheric CO2 change. However, within the internal atmospheric boundary layer of the rice paddies, the CO2 effect on the air temperature (+ 0.44 °C) still exceeds the effects of the land-use change (+ 0.11 °C). These results show a potentially important interplay of plant physiological responses regarding atmospheric CO2 in the heat-mitigation effect of rice-paddy fields under a changing climate.
Trajectory prediction based on long short-term memory network and Kalman filter using hurricanes as an example
Authors: Qin Wanting , Tang Jun , Lu Cong , Lao Songyang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTrajectory data can objectively reflect the moving law of moving objects. Therefore, trajectory prediction has high application value. Hurricanes often cause incalculable losses of life and property, trajectory prediction can be an effective means to mitigate damage caused by hurricanes. With the popularization and wide application of artificial intelligence technology, from the perspective of machine learning, this paper trains a trajectory prediction model through historical trajectory data based on a long short-term memory (LSTM) network. An improved LSTM (ILSTM) trajectory prediction algorithm that improves the prediction of the simple LSTM is proposed, and the Kalman filter is used to filter the prediction results of the improved LSTM algorithm, which is called LSTM-KF. Through simulation experiments of Atlantic hurricane data from 1851 to 2016, compared to other LSTM and ILSTM algorithms, it is found that the LSTM-KF trajectory prediction algorithm has the lowest prediction error and the best prediction effect.
A Condensed Excited (Rydberg) Matter: Perspective and Applications
Authors: Aasen Tor Håvard , Zeiner-Gundersen Dag Herman , Zeiner-Gundersen Sindre , Ohlckers Per , Wang Kaiying 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA condensed excited matter called Rydberg Matter (RM) have been studied experimentally for 30 years, but have not sparked widespread attention yet, unlike ordinary Rydberg atoms. RM formed by clusters of Rydberg atoms at a solid surface have a longer lifetime compared to Rydberg atoms, and is liquid-like. This review describes how the RM state is generated, and its potential applications. These include using RM for research into catalysis, space phenomena and sensor applications, or for producing environmentally friendly energy. A background on RM is presented, with its structure and special properties, and the working principle of RM generation. The experimental set-ups, materials, and detectors used are discussed, together with methods to improve the amount of RM produced. The materials used for the catalysts are of special interest, as this should have a large influence on the energy of the RM, and therefore also on the applications. Currently most of the catalysts used are potassium doped iron oxide designed for styrene production, which should give the possibility of improvements. And as there is little knowledge on the exact mechanisms for RM formation, suggestions are given as to where research should start.
Support and opposition in an attempted higher education merger
Authors: Persson Mats , Frostenson Magnus 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe study explores an ultimately unsuccessful merger of three Norwegian public university colleges. It shows how social practices of support for and opposition to the merger were the effects of the intersection(s) betweenwhythe merger was necessary andhowthe proposed merger process was enacted. Support and opposition may change during the merger process, since participants move in and out of positions given how the process unfolds. We relate support and opposition to identity. A merger supports attractive identities if it is consonant with overarching normative ideals of higher education and experienced fairness during the merger process. The findings have implications for how we can better understand and explain why some merger initiatives lead to termination instead of a merger.
Ruolo del volume piastrinico medio nella disfunzione erettile a patogenesi arteriosa
Authors: Crafa Andrea , Condorelli Rosita A. , Cannarella Rossella , La Vignera Sandro , Calogero Aldo E. 
Published: March 2021

SommarioIl volume piastrinico medio (VPM) è un parametro che sta acquisendo sempre maggiore importanza nella stratificazione del rischio vascolare sistemico dal momento che è in grado di predire il grado di attività piastrinica. Piastrine più attive sono infatti più trombogeniche e contribuiscono al processo di aterosclerosi che, a sua volta, è la principale causa della disfunzione vascolare. La disfunzione erettile (DE) è una condizione che impatta notevolmente sulla qualità della vita di un uomo e, tra le varie cause, la DE su base vascolare arteriosa è quella che ha la prevalenza maggiore. Per questo motivo, alcuni studi hanno cercato di valutare la relazione tra i valori di VPM nei pazienti con DE, suggerendo che questo parametro può essere considerato uno strumento per la diagnosi precoce della DE oltre che un possibile nuovo bersaglio terapeutico, facilmente valutabile.
Quartz Vein Geochemistry Records Deformation Processes in Convergent Zones
Authors: Raimbourg Hugues , Rajič Kristijan , Moris‐Muttoni Benjamin , Famin Vincent , Palazzin Giulia , Fisher Donald , Morell Kristin , Erdmann Saskia , Di Carlo Ida , Montmartin Clément 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn several examples of subduction zones, we compared pairs of quartz veins formed either at the lower temperatures of the seismogenic zone (260°C or below), or at the higher temperatures of its downdip limit (∼330°C). All the veins analyzed here are mode I cracks that formed contemporaneously with the host‐rock main stage of deformation at peak burial conditions. Lower‐temperature veins show examples of quartz crystals with euhedral shapes and growth rims, while higher‐temperature veins contain crack‐seal microstructures. In the lower‐temperature realm, quartz growth rims have alternatingly either: (1) high cathodoluminescence (CL), CL‐blue color and high concentration in trace elements and fluid inclusions, or (2) low luminescence, CL‐brown color and low concentration in trace elements and fluid inclusions. In contrast, the quartz from higher‐temperature samples is homogeneously low luminescent and CL‐brown, except for very restricted domains of the crack‐seal microstructures where patches of CL‐blue quartz are present. The highly luminescent quartz contains high concentrations of aluminum and lithium, up to 3,000 and 400 ppm, respectively. Variations in Al and Li correlate well, so that Li appears as the main charge‐compensating cation for Al. We propose that the incorporation of Al and Li reflects the amplitude of the fluid pressure variations, which control crystal growth rates. Quartz geochemistry might therefore unravel the contrast between the seismogenic zone, where large fluid pressure variations are present, and its downdip limit, where fluid pressure variations are much more limited in amplitude.
Molecular disruption of DNA polymerase β for platinum sensitisation and synthetic lethality in epithelial ovarian cancers
Authors: Ali Reem , Alblihy Adel , Miligy Islam M. , Alabdullah Muslim L. , Alsaleem Mansour , Toss Michael S. , Algethami Mashael , Abdel-Fatah Tarek , Moseley Paul , Chan Stephen , Mongan Nigel P. , Narayan Satya , Rakha Emad A. , Madhusudan Srinivasan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTargeting PARP1 [Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase 1] for synthetic lethality is a new strategy for BRCA germ-line mutated or platinum sensitive ovarian cancers. However, not all patients respond due to intrinsic or acquired resistance to PARP1 inhibitor. Development of alternative synthetic lethality approaches is a high priority. DNA polymerase β (Polβ), a critical player in base excision repair (BER), interacts with PARP1 during DNA repair. Here we show that polβ deficiency is a predictor of platinum sensitivity in human ovarian tumours. Polβ depletion not only increased platinum sensitivity but also reduced invasion, migration and impaired EMT (epithelial to mesenchymal transition) of ovarian cancer cells. Polβ small molecular inhibitors (Pamoic acid and NSC666719) were selectively toxic to BRCA2 deficient cells and associated with double-strand breaks (DSB) accumulation, cell cycle arrest and increased apoptosis. Interestingly, PARG [Poly(ADP-Ribose) Glycohydrolase] inhibitor (PDD00017273) [but not PARP1 inhibitor (Olaparib)] was synthetically lethal in polβ deficient cells. Selective toxicity to PDD00017273 was associated with poly (ADP-ribose) accumulation, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) level, DSB accumulation, cell cycle arrest and increased apoptosis. In human tumours, polβ-PARG co-expression adversely impacted survival in patients. Our data provide evidence that polβ targeting is a novel strategy and warrants further pharmaceutical development in epithelial ovarian cancers.
Phase 1 trial of ADI-PEG20 plus cisplatin in patients with pretreated metastatic melanoma or other advanced solid malignancies
Authors: Yao Shuyang , Janku Filip , Subbiah Vivek , Stewart John , Patel Sapna Pradyuman , Kaseb Ahmed , Westin Shannon Neville , Naing Aung , Tsimberidou Apostolia Maria , Hong David , Piha-Paul Sarina Anne , Shi Nai , Johnston Amanda , Bomalaski John , Fu Siqing 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Arginine depletion interferes with pyrimidine metabolism and DNA damage-repair pathways, and pairing arginine deiminase pegylated with 20,000-molecular-weight polyethylene glycol (ADI-PEG20) with platinum enhances cytotoxicity in vitro and in vivo in arginine auxotrophs.

Methods
This single-centre, Phase 1 trial was conducted using a 3 + 3 dose escalation designed to assess safety, tolerability and determine the recommended Phase 2 dose (RP2D) of ADI-PEG20.

Results
We enrolled 99 patients with metastatic argininosuccinate synthetase 1 (ASS1) deficient malignancies. We observed no dose-limiting toxic effects or treatment-related mortality. Three percent of patients discontinued treatment because of toxicity. After treatment, 5% (5/99) of patients had partial responses, and 41% had stable disease. The median progression-free and overall survival durations were 3.62 and 8.06 months, respectively. Substantial arginine depletion and citrulline escalation persisted in most patients through weeks 24 and 8, respectively. Tumour responses were associated with anti-ADI-PEG20 antibody levels at weeks 8 and 16 (p = 0.031 and p = 0.0357, respectively).

Conclusion
Concurrently administered ADI-PEG20 and cisplatin had an acceptable safety profile and had shown antitumour activity against metastatic ASS1-deficient solid tumours. Further evaluation of this treatment combination is warranted.
Feasibility and beneficial effects of an early goal directed therapy after cardiac arrest: evaluation by conductance method
Authors: Broch Ole , Hummitzsch Lars , Renner Jochen , Meybohm Patrick , Albrecht Martin , Rosenthal Peter , Rosenthal Ann-Christine , Steinfath Markus , Bein Berthold , Gruenewald Matthias 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAlthough beneficial effects of an early goal directed therapy (EGDT) after cardiac arrest and successful return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) have been described, clinical implementation in this period seems rather difficult. The aim of the present study was to investigate the feasibility and the impact of EGDT on myocardial damage and function after cardiac resuscitation. A translational pig model which has been carefully adapted to the clinical setting was employed. After 8 min of cardiac arrest and successful ROSC, pigs were randomized to receive either EGDT (EGDT group) or therapy by random computer-controlled hemodynamic thresholds (noEGDT group). Therapeutic algorithms included blood gas analysis, conductance catheter method, thermodilution cardiac output and transesophageal echocardiography. Twenty-one animals achieved successful ROSC of which 13 pigs survived the whole experimental period and could be included into final analysis. cTnT and LDH concentrations were lower in the EGDT group without reaching statistical significance. Comparison of lactate concentrations between 1 and 8 h after ROSC exhibited a decrease to nearly baseline levels within the EGDT group (1 h vs 8 h: 7.9 vs. 1.7 mmol/l, P < 0.01), while in the noEGDT group lactate concentrations did not significantly decrease. The EGDT group revealed a higher initial need for fluids (P < 0.05) and less epinephrine administration (P < 0.05) post ROSC. Conductance method determined significant higher values for preload recruitable stroke work, ejection fraction and maximum rate of pressure change in the ventricle for the EGDT group. EGDT after cardiac arrest is associated with a significant decrease of lactate levels to nearly baseline and is able to improve systolic myocardial function. Although the results of our study suggest that implementation of an EGDT algorithm for post cardiac arrest care seems feasible, the impact and implementation of EGDT algorithms after cardiac arrest need to be further investigated.
Enhancement of mechanical and corrosion resistance properties of electrodeposited Ni–P–TiC composite coatings
Authors: Fayyaz Osama , Khan Adnan , Shakoor R. A. , Hasan Anwarul , Yusuf Moinuddin M. , Montemor M. F. , Rasul Shahid , Khan Kashif , Faruque M. R. I. , Okonkwo Paul C. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn the present study, the effect of concentration of titanium carbide (TiC) particles on the structural, mechanical, and electrochemical properties of Ni–P composite coatings was investigated. Various amounts of TiC particles (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 g L−1) were co-electrodeposited in the Ni–P matrix under optimized conditions and then characterized by employing various techniques. The structural analysis of prepared coatings indicates uniform, compact, and nodular structured coatings without any noticeable defects. Vickers microhardness and nanoindentation results demonstrate the increase in the hardness with an increasing amount of TiC particles attaining its terminal value (593HV100) at the concentration of 1.5 g L−1. Further increase in the concentration of TiC particles results in a decrease in hardness, which can be ascribed to their accumulation in the Ni–P matrix. The electrochemical results indicate the improvement in corrosion protection efficiency of coatings with an increasing amount of TiC particles reaching to ~ 92% at 2.0 g L−1, which can be ascribed to a reduction in the active area of the Ni–P matrix by the presence of inactive ceramic particles. The favorable structural, mechanical, and corrosion protection characteristics of Ni–P–TiC composite coatings suggest their potential applications in many industrial applications.
Albumin platelet product as a novel score for liver fibrosis stage and prognosis
Authors: Fujita Koji , Yamasaki Kazumi , Morishita Asahiro , Shi Tingting , Tani Joji , Nishiyama Noriko , Kobara Hideki , Himoto Takashi , Yatsuhashi Hiroshi , Masaki Tsutomu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFibrosis-4 index, a conventional biomarker for liver fibrosis stage, is confounded by age and hepatitis activity grade. The current retrospective multicenter study aimed to formulate the novel indices of liver fibrosis by mathematically combining items of peripheral blood examination and to evaluate ability of prognosis prediction. After a novel index was established in a training cohort, the index was tested in a validation cohort. Briefly, a total of 426 patients were enrolled in a training cohort. Albumin and platelet most strongly correlated to fibrosis stage among blood examination. Albumin platelet product (APP) = Albumin × platelet/1000 could differentiate the four stages of liver fibrosis (p < 0.05). APP indicated fibrosis stage independent from hepatitis activity grade. A cut-off value = 4.349 diagnosed cirrhosis with area under ROC more than 0.8. Multivariate analysis revealed that smaller APP independently contributed to HCC prevalence and overall mortality. The results were validated in another 707 patients with HCV infection. In conclusion, APP was not confounded by age or hepatitis activity grade contrary to Fibrosis-4 index. APP is as simple as physicians can calculate it by pen calculation. The product serves physicians in managing patients with chronic liver disease.
Dual‐mode dual‐band bandpass filter design utilising cylindrical TM‐mode cavities
Authors: Bartlett Chad , Höft Michael 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis letter presents the design of a novel dual‐mode dual‐band bandpass filter that utilises the TM210 and TM020 modes of cylindrical cavity resonators for millimetre‐wave operation when fed with standard WR‐10 waveguide ports. In this manner, the two selected modes of the cylindrical cavity resonators are demonstrated as a single propagation path for fixed dual‐passband responses without the need of cavity perturbations or tuning screws. The passbands are designated for centre frequencies at approximately 102.8 and 110.9 GHz and exhibit a four‐pole Chebyshev characteristic in each of the passbands, which are separated by a transmission zero location. Simulated and measured results of the prototype are presented to verify the design.
Forgery localization in images based on joint statistics of image blocks with neighbouring blocks
Authors: Singhal Divya , Gupta Abhinav 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFlawless image forensic analysis necessitates precise identification of tampering regions in digital images along with the determination of state of an image (original or forged). Most of the efforts towards localization of forgeries involve localization of information‐changing forgeries with less focus towards localization of information‐preserving forgeries. This paper proposes a new information‐preserving forgery localization method to localize 10 different tampering types exploiting the fact that joint statistics of locally forged regions and neighbouring original regions is disturbed. The proposed 18‐dimensional detector is trained using ensemble classifier for fine‐grain identification of forged regions in post‐JPEG compressed images and results are compared with two recent state‐of‐the‐art detectors. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed detector with significant performance gain over existing detectors, particularly for localization in images that are compressed with low quality factors of compression.