bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BiOI With High Intensity Ratio of (110)/(102) Facets and Iodine Vacancies: Facile Synthesis, Strong Adsorption and Visible‐Light Photocatalytic Performance
Authors: Sun Xinyu , Zhao Hua , Li Huipeng , Cai Tianfeng , Li Mingyue , Wang Yucheng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA facile solvothermal method using glycol as solvent has been developed for the synthesis of BiOI with high intensity ratio (110)/(102) facets and i vacancies. Investigating its adsorption ability and photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB). The XRD results show that the high intensity ratio (110)/(102) facets, EDX and XPS prove the existence of i vacancies. The BiOI synthesized by using glycol exhibit higher BET surface area and more negative zeta potential. Although the band gap is slightly enlarged, higher valence band position leads to stronger oxidation ability. Adsorption capacity increased from barely to 31.66 mg/g by investigating the adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics. The change of intensity ratio facets and the existence of vacancies make BiOI a promising catalyst for the synergistic effect of adsorption and photocatalysis.
An Efficient Sensor for the Detection of Zidovudine Based on 1‐Ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium 1,1,2,2‐tetrafluoroethanesulfonate/ZnO Nanoparticle/MWCNT Glassy Carbon Electrodes**
Authors: Xhakaza Nokukhanya Mavis , Chokkareddy Rajasekhar , Redhi Gan G 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA sensitive, low cost and novel electrochemical sensor based on 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium 1,1,2,2‐tetrafluoroethanesulfonate ionic liquid (EmimTFES) combined with multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) in order to modify the glassy carbon electrode (GCE), has been developed for the first time. It was assessed that this sensor can be used for the rapid detection of the pharmaceutically antiretroviral drug zidovudine (ZDV). The characterization of ZnONPs, MWCNTs‐ZnONPs and MWCNTs‐ZnONPs‐EmimTFES was performed using Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Ultraviolet Visible spectrophotometer (UV‐Vis), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The electrochemical of behaviour of MWCNTs‐ZnONPs‐EmimTFES‐GCE was studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) methods. The proposed sensor shows high electrocatalytic activity towards ZDV reduction over the concentration range of 0.2 μM to 2.0 μM. In addition, the limit of detection (LOD) of 0.0029 μM and limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.0416 μM was obtained. Under optimal conditions the ionic liquid‐based sensor showed high selectivity, stability and sensitivity for ZDV detection, making it a suitable sensor for rapid determination of ZDV.
Size and Shape Manipulation of Channel Structures Assembled Via Saddle stacking of Tetrapodal Adamantanes Containing Aryl Butadiynyl Moieties
Authors: Okayasu Misaki , Sunakawa Toshiki , Ikeda Mitsuru , Namikawa Takaya , Hagura Riho , Kikkawa Shoko , Hikawa Hidemasa , Azumaya Isao 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThree tetrapodal adamantane derivatives containing aryl butadiynyl moieties were synthesized under conditions similar to those of the Hay coupling reaction, and their crystal structures were analyzed. The substituted tetrapodal adamantanes were found to pile atop each other via saddle stacking to form 1D columnar structures, and the assembly of these 1D structures gave rise to channels in the crystal. Column assembly was achieved through CH/π and π‐π interactions between the terminal aromatic rings of the adamantanes belonging to adjacent columns. The channels thus formed had different shapes and sizes depending on the terminal aryl substituents, and were occupied by a suitable number of solvent molecules. Compared to the adamantanes with phenyl butadiynyl moieties as the terminal substituents, those with naphthyl butadiynyl moieties formed wider or thicker channels owing to their greater expanse perpendicular to the direction of saddle‐stacking.
Knocking Down Barriers: Advances in siRNA Delivery
Authors: Rajeev Anjaly , Siby Aiswarya , Koottungal Merin James , George Jinu , John Franklin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRNA interference (RNAi) has been emerged as an effective method to silence a particular gene utilizing a sequence‐specific mechanism for gene regulation. It induces target mRNA degradation leading to a lower illness‐inducing gene product. RNAi represent a conserved mechanism. Novel concept of highly specific silencing of genes was revolutionized by the introduction of short interfering RNA (siRNA).This helped to overcome the drawbacks of RNAi and proved out to be a safer and efficient method than its counterpart finding its way into the pharmaceutical industry. Clinical trials enhanced the possibility of siRNA delivery and yielded promising results for the treatment of a wide range of illnesses but mainly for intractable diseases like cancer, inflammatory diseases, and genetic disorders. siRNA delivery methods were instrumental in developing it as a therapeutic, of which lipid encapsulation crept its way, to be a better in vivo delivery mechanism as it could be formulated effectively, being biodegradable, and has a lower toxicity level. However, the therapeutic potential of siRNA remains hampered due to a lack of a viable delivery method, a lower accuracy in tissue specificityand cytotoxicity. Hence the therapeutic usage of the method is in its budding stage. This review re‐examines the principle of siRNA, challenges in its delivery, and some recent advancesto overcome the obstacles in order to improve siRNA delivery.
Asymmetric and Anharmonic Electrode Kinetics: Evaluation of a Model for Electron Transfer with Concerted Rupture of Weak, Inner Shell Interactions
Authors: Lawrence Nathan S. , Schöllhorn Bernd , Wadhawan Jay D. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA surface‐integrated form of the widely used (anharmonic) Lennard‐Jones 12–6 interaction potential, the Lennard‐Jones 9–3 potential, is used to develop a quadratic activation/driving force relationship that gives rise to asymmetric Tafel plots for electron transfer occurring with simultaneous interaction rupture. The Tafel plots are shown to exhibit linearity over a wide potential range, depending on the ratio of the Gibbs interaction well to the solvent reorganisation free energy. The fit of the model to experimental data for a ferrocene‐based self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) bathed by aqueous perchloric acid suggests ion pairing between ferricenium and perchlorate ions. This crude and primitive model readily enables experimentalists to obtain a parametric understanding of the physicochemical dynamics underpinning interaction rupture in concert with electron transfer, which may empower routes to improve the efficiency of a plethora of topical electrochemical technologies.
Promising Material Based on Paraffin‐Impregnated Graphite Foil with Increased Electrochemical Stability for Bipolar Plates of Vanadium Redox Flow Battery
Authors: Loktionov Pavel , Pichugov Roman , Konev Dmitry , Abunaeva Lilia , Glazkov Artem , Petrov Mikhail , Kartashova Natalia , Antipov Anatoly 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe development of effective power sources is a major challenge for global energetics. Among various power sources, the redox flow batteries (RFB) have distinctive feature due to the flexibility of adjusting the capacity and power to the needs of the customer. The vanadium RFBs are already available in the stationary storage market, but their widespread distribution requires a significant reduction in the levelized cost of storage (LCOS). Therefore, a number of works are devoted to the development of more available materials for the RFB. The utilization of affordable graphite foil (GF) for fabricating bipolar plates as well as a method for increasing its electrochemical stability by a fluoropolymer were earlier proposed. In this work, we have demonstrated an approach to significantly reduce the porosity of GF by impregnation with paraffin P‐2. Such modification significantly increases GF stability and retains the RFB performance at a high level comparable to commercial graphite.
Large‐Area Nanosphere Self‐Assembly Monolayers for Periodic Surface Nanostructures with Ultrasensitive and Spatially Uniform SERS Sensing
Authors: Song Changkun , Ye Baoyun , Xu Jianyong , Chen Junhong , Shi Wei , Yu Chunpei , An Chongwei , Zhu Junwu , Zhang Wenchao 
Published: December 2021

AbstractColloidal lithography provides a rapid and low‐cost approach to construct 2D periodic surface nanostructures. However, an impressive demonstration to prepare large‐area colloidal template is still missing. Here, a high‐efficient and flexible technique is proposed to fabricate self‐assembly monolayers consisting of orderly‐packed polystyrene spheres at air/water interface via ultrasonic spray. This “non‐contact” technique exhibits great advantages in terms of scalability and adaptability due to its renitent interface dynamic balance. More importantly, this technique is not only competent for self‐assembly of single‐sized polystyrene spheres, but also for binary polystyrene spheres, completely reversing the current hard situation of preparing large‐area self‐assembly monolayers. As a representative application, hexagonal‐packed silver‐coated silicon nanorods array (Si‐NRs@Ag) is developed as an ultrasensitive surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate with very low limit‐of‐detection for selective detection of explosive 2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene down to femtomolar (10−14 m) range. The periodicity and orderliness of the array allow hot spots to be designed and constructed in a homogeneous fashion, resulting in an incomparable uniformity and reproducibility of Raman signals. All these excellent properties come from the Si‐NRs@Ag substrate based on the ordered structure, open surface, and wide‐range electric field, providing a robust, consistent, and tunable platform for molecule trapping and SERS sensing for a wide range of organic molecules.
TraceRank: Abnormal service localization with dis‐aggregated end‐to‐end tracing data in cloud native systems
Authors: Yu Guangba , Huang Zicheng , Chen Pengfei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractModern cloud native applications are generally built with a microservice architecture. To tackle various performance problems among a large number of services and machines, an end‐to‐end tracing tool is always equipped in these systems to track the execution path of every single request. However, it is nontrivial to conduct root cause analysis of anomalies with such a large volume of tracing data. This paper proposes a novel system named TraceRank to identify and locate abnormal services causing performance problems with dis‐aggregated end‐to‐end traces. TraceRank mainly includes an anomaly detection module and a root cause analysis module. The root cause analysis procedure is triggered when an anomaly is detected. To fully leverage the information provided by the tracing data, both the spectrum analysis and the PageRank‐based random walk methods are introduced to pinpoint abnormal services. The experiments in TrainTicket and Bookinfo microservice benchmarks and a real‐world system show that TraceRank can locate root causes with 90% in Precision and 86% in Recall. TraceRank has up to 10% improvement compared with several state‐of‐the‐art approaches in both Precision and Recall. Finally, TraceRank has good scalability and a low overhead to adapt to large‐scale microservice systems.
A metaheuristic‐based optimum tuning approach for tuned liquid dampers for structures
Authors: Ocak Ayla , Bekdaş Gebrail , Nigdeli Sinan Melih 
Published: December 2021

SummaryThis study focuses on the optimization of tuned liquid dampers (TLDs) by using metaheuristic methods using a natural phenomenon as inspiration. Unlike tuned mass dampers (TMDs), TLDs consist of two parts of bodies that contain the passive liquid that is stationary and the active part of the liquid that involves in sloshing. To optimize the amount of optimum active and passive liquids by finding the best dimensional properties of the liquid tank, a two‐degree‐of‐freedom (DOF) model was used as TLD in the dynamic analysis used in the optimization that aims to reduce the maximum displacement of the structure under earthquake excitations. For this purpose, water, oil, and glycerin liquids were selected for TLD. TLD parameters were optimized with the help of Jaya algorithm, flower pollination algorithm (FPA), harmony search (HS) algorithm, and teaching–learning‐based optimization (TLBO). Total acceleration and maximum displacement were evaluated after optimization. The performance of TLD under earthquake excitations has been also compared with TMDs. According to the results, the optimized TLD has a better performance than TMD, and Jaya algorithm has a slightly better performance than the other algorithms.
Crack Resistance of Diamond‐Like Carbon Coatings
Authors: Bobzin Kirsten , Brögelmann Tobias , Carlet Marco , Kruppe Nathan C. , Engels Martin , Arghavani Mostafa 
Published: December 2021

SummaryThe aim of the current paper is the study of the crack resistance of diamond‐like carbon (DCL) coatings deposited by direct current magnetron sputtering (dcMS) and high‐power pulse magnetron sputtering (HPPMS) with different process parameters. For this purpose nanoindentation with a very high force resolution of RFN ≤ 1 nN was used to analyze different a‐C coatings, which were deposited under variation of the process gases argon, helium and neon. Owing to significantly high force resolution of the indenter, a large number N = 31,872 of data points in each force‐displacement curve was recorded, which enabled the desired analyses. Based on the results, it can be stated that the nanoindentation is able to provide knowledge on the crack formation of DLC coatings. The coatings deposited with neon show a more promising behavior in point of elastic‐plastic properties. In addition, the evaluation of the force‐displacement curves indicates a higher resistance to crack formation of these coatings. Furthermore, investigations on the influence of the process gas pressure were conducted using Ne and three pressures p = 2.0 Pa, p = 1.5 Pa and p = 1.0 Pa. The results show that applying the moderate gas pressure can generate coatings with the highest toughness compared to the coatings deposited with higher and lower gas pressures.
Carboxymethyl chitosan bounded iron oxide nanoparticles and gamma‐irradiated avian influenza subtype H9N2 vaccine to development of immunity on mouse and chicken
Authors: Motamedi‐sedeh Farahnaz , Saboorizadeh Atefeh , Khalili Iraj , Sharbatdaran Massomeh , Wijewardana Viskam , Arbabi Arash 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundAvian influenza virus (AIV) subtype H9N2 is a low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV).ObjectiveThis study aims to evaluate the humoral and cellular immunity in vaccinated mice and broiler chicken by irradiated AIV antigen plus carboxymethyl chitosan bounded iron oxide nanoparticles (CMC‐IO NPs) as an adjuvant.MethodsAIV subtype H9N2 with 108.5 EID50/ml and haemagglutinin antigen assay about 10 log2 was irradiated by 30 kGy gamma radiation dose. Then, the gamma‐irradiated AIV was used as an inactivated vaccine and conjugated with CMC‐IO NPs to improve immune responses on mice. IO NPs must be applied in all activated tests using 1‐ethyl‐3‐(3‐dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) and N‐hydroxysulfosuccinimide sodium salt (sulfo‐NHS), and then functionalized by CMC as IO‐CMC. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra on functionalized IO‐CMC showed a peak of 638 cm−1 which is a band between metal and O (Fe‐O).ResultsBased on the comparison between the two X‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns on Fe2O3‐NPs and IO‐CMC, the characteristics of IO‐NPs did not change after carboxymethylation. A CHN Analyzer was applied to measure the molecular weight of IO‐CMC that was calculated as 1045 g. IO‐CMC, irradiated AIV‐IO‐CMC and formalin AIV‐IO‐CMC were injected into 42 BALB/c mice in six groups. The fourth group was the negative control, and the fifth and sixth groups were inoculated by irradiated AIV‐ISA70 and formalin AIV‐ISA70 vaccines. An increase in haemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titration was observed in the irradiated AIV‐IO‐CMC and formalin AIV‐IO‐CMC groups (p < 0.05). In addition, increases in the lymphoproliferative activity of re‐stimulated splenic lymphocytes, interfron‐γ (IFN‐γ) and interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) concentration in the irradiated AIV‐IO‐CMC group demonstrated the activation of Type 1 helper cells. The concentration of IL‐4 was without any significant increases in non‐group.ConclusionsAccordingly, Th2 activation represented no increase. Finally, the finding showed that AIV‐IO‐CMC was effective on enhancing immunogenicity as irradiated AIV antigen administered with a clinically acceptable adjuvant (i.e. IO‐CMC).
Evaluation of transmissivity in a fractured aquifer—the Nyanzari wellfield, Burundi
Authors: Vassolo Sara , Tiberghien Christian , Neukum Christoph , Baranyikwa Désiré , Ryumeko Melchior , Miburo Désiré , Nahimana Noël 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDue to population growth, the city of Gitega in the central part of Burundi is lacking drinking water. Therefore, the national urban water supply company decided to expand the Nyanzari wellfield by drilling additional wells.Two additional wells were drilled to 80 m (F7.2) and 85 m (F8bis) depths. Step tests followed by 72-hours aquifer tests were performed in each well. Results indicate bilinear flow followed by linear flow and radial flow in F7.2. No reaction was observed in observation wells. Fracture-matrix transmissivity was estimated at 3 · 10−4 m2/s. In the case of F8bis, linear flow in an infinite flow fracture followed by radial flow was visible. Reaction was measured in observation wells. Transmissivity was estimated at 3.3 · 10−3 m2/s.Both wells lie no more than 300 m apart, but no evidence of interference between them was depicted during the tests. It appears that two independent fracture systems prevail in the wellfield.
A cross-technology benchmark for incremental graph queries
Authors: Hinkel Georg , Garcia-Dominguez Antonio , Schöne René , Boronat Artur , Tisi Massimo , Le Calvar Théo , Jouault Frederic , Marton József , Nyíri Tamás , Antal János Benjamin , Elekes Márton , Szárnyas Gábor 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTo cope with the increased complexity of systems, models are used to capture what is considered the essence of a system. Such models are typically represented as a graph, which is queried to gain insight into the modelled system. Often, the results of these queries need to be adjusted according to updated requirements and are therefore a subject of maintenance activities. It is thus necessary to support writing model queries with adequate languages. However, in order to stay meaningful, the analysis results need to be refreshed as soon as the underlying models change. Therefore, a good execution speed is mandatory in order to cope with frequent model changes. In this paper, we propose a benchmark to assess model query technologies in the presence of model change sequences in the domain of social media. We present solutions to this benchmark in a variety of 11 different tools and compare them with respect to explicitness of incrementalization, asymptotic complexity and performance.
The implication of BRAF mutation in advanced colorectal cancer
Authors: O’Riordan Emma , Bennett Michael William , Daly Louise , Power Derek G 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) is frequently a lethal disease. Mutations in the BRAF gene is a key driver in CRC pathogenesis and confers a poor prognosis. To date, Irish data on this molecular subtype of CRC is lacking.

Aims
Our aim was to compare the natural history of Irish patients with BRAF (BRAFMUT) metastatic CRC with a control group of metastatic CRC patients without BRAF mutation (BRAFWT wild- type).

Method
A retrospective observational analysis of advanced CRC patients with known BRAFMUT was conducted by chart review. BRAFMUT patients were identified from the Cork University Hospital (CUH) histopathology database. Controls with known BRAFWT were randomly selected from the database. Demographic characteristics and clinicopathological data were recorded. Survival was assessed with Kaplan–Meier curve/Cox proportional hazard models.

Results
Twenty patients with BRAFMUT and 36 with BRAFWT were studied. BRAFMUT were more likely female (75% vs 33%, p = 0.007) and right-sided (65% vs 31.4%, p = 0.033). Median overall survival was lower in BRAFMUT group (17.3 months (95% CI 0–40.8)) compared to patients with BRAFWT (median survival not reached, log rank p = 0.001). On multivariate analysis, BRAFMUT was independently associated with an increased risk of mortality (HR 12.76 (95% CI 3.15–51.7), p < 0.001).

Conclusion
BRAFMUT advanced colorectal cancer was associated with significantly reduced overall survival in this Irish CRC population. Knowledge of mutation status should now be considered standard of care and should dictate management. Surgeons should be aware of this genetic signature as the natural history of the disease may mitigate against an aggressive surgical strategy. A prospective study should be conducted to further corroborate these findings.
The Jerusalem Declaration on Ageing 2020 to share in English, Arabic and Hebrew
Authors: Harper Sarah , Doron Issi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe Anglo-Israel Colloquium in November 2019, Jerusalem, was a collaboration including Jewish and Arab-Israelis, Palestinians, and British participants arranged to drive forward the agenda for addressing inequalities within our populations as they age. This Colloquium brought together scholars, policy-makers, and service providers in the field of ageing from the UK and from Israel, in order to critically examine the societal effects and implications of both individual and population ageing. The following statement on ageing is the first result. Held up in its wider dissemination by the subsequent pandemic of 2020/2021, we are now delighted that the Jerusalem Declaration is now simultaneously published in Hebrew (Harper, S., & Doron, I. (2021). The Jerusalem Declaration. Gerontology & Geriatrics, 48(1), 113–116. [Hebrew]) and here in the Journal of Population Ageing in both English and Arabic.
Systemtheoretische Überlegungen zur Unterscheidung von Sport und eSport
Authors: Borggrefe Carmen 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungDer vorliegende Beitrag greift die Debatte über die Anerkennung wettkampfmäßiger Video- und Computerspiele – des sogenannten eSports – als Sport auf und verfolgt das Ziel, systemtheoretische Überlegungen zur Abgrenzung von Sport und eSport zu elaborieren. Dazu wird erstens erläutert, welche erkenntnistheoretische Position dem systemtheoretischen Ansatz zugrunde liegt. Zweitens wird Sport gesellschaftstheoretisch beobachtet, um die Einheit des Sportsystems zu bestimmen und Formen der strukturellen Kopplung mit anderen gesellschaftlichen Teilsystemen zu reflektieren. Drittens erfolgt eine organisationstheoretische Beobachtung von Sport und eSport, bei der die Integration von eSport als Entscheidungsproblem von Organisationen konstruiert wird. Und viertens werden weitere Perspektiven einer wissenschaftlichen Beobachtung von Sport und eSport skizziert.