bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental method for evaluation of soil‐pipe interaction subjected to lateral or vertical cyclic load
Authors: Park Jamin , Tryfonos Kyriakos , Kwon Oh‐Sung , Bousias Stathis 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDesign of embedded pipelines in seismic areas require consideration of the interaction between pipeline and surrounding soil. The soil‐pipe interaction is often numerically modeled using Winkler springs, where a simple bilinear or trilinear soil resistance‐displacement relationship is employed. As Winkler spring modeling approach requires experimental data for calibration of spring parameters, extensive experimental studies have been carried out. However, most tests in previous studies have been carried out for pipeline specimens subjected to monotonic load, in which pipe lateral‐vertical response coupling is hardly investigated. In the present research, a novel test method that enables testing of a pipe specimen under lateral or vertical cyclic loading is investigated. In the proposed method, a soil box is mounted on a 6‐degree of freedom (DOF) displacement‐controlled table, such that soil‐pipe interaction in the lateral/vertical direction can be investigated. A series of tests considering various parameters such as pipe diameter, burial depth, soil density, and loading condition were performed. Test results provided evidence of the effect type of loading has on soil‐pipe interaction and the strong coupling between pipe response along lateral and vertical directions.
Measurement data‐driven investigation of the actual power grid resilience with increasing renewable energy feed‐in
Authors: Schädler Yannik , Sorg Michael , Fischer Andreas 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe transformation of the energy system towards a sustainable reduction of CO2 emissions and the consequently rising contribution of fluctuating energy sources to the German energy system leads to new challenges. In particular, the sufficiency of the present powerline system is of interest. To evaluate the German network sufficiency, a data‐based modelling is used to measure the number of intervals with insufficient transport capabilities as well as the yearly sum of infeasible power transports. In order to do so, the actual residual loads are calculated from the power data in the database “GEOWISOL” and the data on the German power grid are obtained from the project “SciGrid.” The temporal resolution of power data is 15 min, and the spatial resolution refers to the 2‐digit ZIP code regions. The present transmission network is shown to be insufficient in a linearly increasing number of intervals for scenarios with increasing renewable power production. The uncertainties of the results presented are also investigated by means of a Monte Carlo simulation with the known uncertainties of the power data. The simulation results in a relative uncertainty for the number of intervals with insufficient transport capabilities of the network of roughly 1%. Thus, it can be used in the future either to investigate network expansion plans or to validate network expansion studies with simulated data or synthetic networks.
A cross‐sectional study of potentially modifiable risk factors for dementia and cognitive function in India: A secondary analysis of 10/66, LASI, and SAGE data
Authors: Belessiotis‐Richards Clara , Livingston Gill , Marston Louise , Mukadam Naaheed 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectivesDementia is rising globally, particularly in low‐and‐middle‐income countries. India has almost four million people living with dementia, set to double by 2050. Targeting nine potentially modifiable risk factors (less education, hearing impairment, depression, physical inactivity, hypertension, obesity, smoking, diabetes, and social isolation) could possibly prevent or delay many dementias. We aimed for the first time to examine risk factors for dementia in India and their link with cognitive status and dementia, to inform prioritisation of public health interventions that could prevent or delay dementia.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional analysis using three studies: 10/66 Dementia Study (n = 2004), Longitudinal Aging Study of India (n = 386), and Study of Global Ageing (n = 2441). Our exposures were the nine risk factors above. We calculated a cognitive z‐score within each study and used dementia diagnosis in 10/66. We adjusted for socioeconomic factors, age, and sex using multivariable linear for cognition and logistic regression for dementia.ResultsLess education, hearing impairment, depression, and physical inactivity were associated with lower z‐scores and increased odds of dementia. Obesity was associated with higher z‐score and lower odds of dementia. Social isolation was associated with lower z‐scores and decreased odds of dementia. Results for smoking, diabetes, and hypertension were inconsistent.ConclusionOur risk estimates were larger for less education, hearing impairment and physical inactivity compared to global estimates and should be intervention priorities. This study highlights the need for longitudinal studies to clarify the relationship between these potentially modifiable risk factors and dementia in India.
Survival after secondary liver resection in metastatic colorectal cancer: Comparing data of three prospective randomized European trials (LICC, CELIM, FIRE‐3)
Authors: Moehler Markus , Folprecht Gunnar , Heinemann Volker , Holch Julian Walter , Maderer Annett , Kasper Stefan , Hegewisch‐Becker Susanna , Schröder Jan , Overkamp Friedrich , Kullmann Frank , Bechstein Wolf Otto , Vöhringer Matthias , Öllinger Robert , Lordick Florian , Geißler Michael , Schulz‐Abelius Armin , Linz Bernhard , Bernhard Helga , Paul Andreas , Schmidtmann Irene , Potthoff Karin , Schimanski Carl Christoph 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMetastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients with liver‐limited disease (LLD) have a chance of long‐term survival and potential cure after hepatic metastasectomy. However, the appropriate postoperative treatment strategy is still controversial. The CELIM and FIRE‐3 studies demonstrated that secondary hepatic resection significantly improved overall survival (OS). The objective of this analysis was to compare these favorable outcome data with recent results from the LICC trial investigating the antigen‐specific cancer vaccine tecemotide (L‐BLP25) as adjuvant therapy in mCRC patients with LLD after R0/R1 resection. Data from mCRC patients with LLD and secondary hepatic resection from each study were analyzed for efficacy outcomes based on patient characteristics, treatment and surveillance after surgery. In LICC, 40/121 (33%) patients, in CELIM 36/111 (32%) and in FIRE‐3‐LLD 29/133 (22%) patients were secondarily resected, respectively. Of those, 31 (77.5%) patients in LICC and all patients in CELIM were R0 resected. Median disease‐free survival after resection was 8.9 months in LICC, 9.9 months in CELIM. Median OS in secondarily resected patients was 66.1 months in LICC, 53.9 months in CELIM and 56.2 months in FIRE‐3‐LLD. Median age was about 5 years less in LICC compared to CELIM and FIRE‐3. Secondarily resected patients of LICC, CELIM and FIRE‐3 showed an impressive median survival with a tendency for improved survival for patients in the LICC trial. A younger patient cohort but also more selective surgery, improved resection techniques, deep responses and a close surveillance program after surgery in the LICC trial may have had a positive impact on survival.
“Remember me, will you?”: Overusing material gifts for interpersonal memory management
Authors: Yang Adelle X. , Koo Minjung , Hwang Jaewon 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSix experiments (N = 2350) uncover a prevalent giver–recipient preference discrepancy: gift givers prefer giving material gifts (vs. experiential gifts) more than gift recipients prefer to receive them. The experiments reveal congruent evidence that a mnemonic gifting strategy underlies this preference discrepancy. Givers are more likely than recipients to consider the memory consequences of gift options, as givers intuitively use material gifts as interpersonal mnemonic devices to facilitate the recipient's retrieval of giver‐related memories. As such, this preference discrepancy occurs in various stages of developing relationships but is mitigated in very close relationships. In addition, two theoretical moderators are identified: The preference discrepancy disappears when the gift would be associated with an unpleasant occasion (instead of a pleasant one), and when the giver and recipient expect an incidental increase in future interactions. This research reveals an interpersonal memory management motive that underlies the miscalibrated gift choices, and bridges prior findings on material and experiential gifts. These findings also offer insights for consumers and marketers to mitigate miscalibrated choices and their perverse economic and relationship consequences.
Reporter gene assay for membrane fusion of extracellular vesicles
Authors: Somiya Masaharu , Kuroda Shun'ichi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by living cells are expected to deliver biological cargo molecules, including RNA and proteins, to the cytoplasm of recipient cells. There is an increasing need to understand the mechanism of intercellular cargo delivery by EVs. However, the lack of a feasible bioassay has hampered our understanding of the biological processes of EV uptake, membrane fusion, and cargo delivery to recipient cells. Here, we describe a reporter gene assay that can measure the membrane fusion efficiency of EVs during cargo delivery to recipient cells. When EVs containing tetracycline transactivator (tTA)‐fused tetraspanins are internalized by recipient cells and fuse with cell membranes, the tTA domain is exposed to the cytoplasm and cleaved by tobacco etch virus protease to induce tetracycline responsive element (TRE)‐mediated reporter gene expression in recipient cells. This assay (designated as EV‐mediated tetraspanin‐tTA delivery assay, ETTD assay), enabled us to assess the cytoplasmic cargo delivery efficiency of EVs in recipient cells. With the help of a vesicular stomatitis virus‐derived membrane fusion protein, the ETTD assay could detect significant enhancement of cargo delivery efficiency of EVs. Furthermore, the ETTD assay could evaluate the effect of potential cargo delivery enhancers/inhibitors. Thus, the ETTD assay may contribute to a better understanding of the underlying mechanism of the cytoplasmic cargo delivery by EVs.
NOMAwith optimal transmit antenna selection scheme with self adaptive metaheuristic model
Authors: Saini Mehak , Grewal Surender K. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) constitutes a promising technique in the fifth‐generation (5G) mobile networks. On the transmitter side, the concurrent usage of multiple antennas needs an appropriate count of parallel Radio Frequency (RF) chains at the front end. Owing to this consequence, it maximizes the power consumption, cost, and system complexity along with maximization in the antenna count. In order to tackle these aforesaid problems, some researchers prefer the Transmit Antenna Selection (TAS) for modeling the transmitter structure simple. The best antenna is selected opportunistically by an efficient TAS technique from multiple antennas and deploys a single RF chain for transmission. In this paper, a novel approach for optimized antenna selection in overlay CR networks using NOMA and SM is proposed via the usage of optimization tactics. To choose the desired respective antenna, this paper introduces a new Mean and Median Fitness Centered Moth flame Optimization (MM‐FCMO), which is the modified Moth Flame Optimization (MFO) Algorithm, which taken the core objectives such as power consumption and Mean Square Error (MSE). The MSE and power consumption of the chosen antennas have to be lower for the system to attain maximum antenna gain with lower noise. Finally, to exhibit that the presented work is much significant than the traditional works, a comparative analysis is made in terms of error minimization and statistical evaluation.
Emodin alleviates sepsis‐mediated lung injury via inhibition and reduction of NF‐kB and HMGB1 pathways mediated by SIRT1
Authors: Liu Fu‐Jing , Gu Ti‐Jun , Wei Dong‐Yue 
Published: November 2021

AbstractInflammation plays an important role during sepsis, and excessive inflammation can result in organ damage, chronic inflammation, fibrosis, and scarring. The study aimed to investigate the specific mechanism of emodin by constructing in vivo and in vitro septic lung injury models via inhibition and reduction of NF‐kB and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) pathways. A cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model was built for adult male Sprague–Dawley rats. Concentrations of TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were determined using commercially available ELISA kits. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used for the right lung inferior lobes. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity of the lung tissue was detected by using the MPO kit. Murine alveolar epithelial cell line (MLE‐12) cells were used for flow cytometry and Western blot to analyze the apoptosis rate and protein expression. Emodin significantly decreased CLP‐induced cell apoptosis, upregulated expression of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), and inhibited p‐p65/p65 and HMGB1. In lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treated cell model, emodin treatment markedly decreased LPS‐induced release of IL‐1, IL‐6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, inhibited LPS‐induced cell apoptosis and suppressed protein levels of P‐P65/P65 and HMGB1. However, science of SIRT1 reversed the above effects by treatment of emodin. In summarize, this study found that emodin can alleviate sepsis‐induced lung injury in vivo and in vitro through regulation of SIRT1.
Keratometry and ultrastructural changes after microwave thermokeratoplasty in rabbit eyes
Authors: Sun Ling , Zhao Yu , Zhang Xiaoyu , Shen Yang , Zhou Xingtao 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposeTo conduct keratometry and investigate the ultrastructural changes after microwave thermokeratoplasty (MTK) in rabbit eyes.MethodsEighteen New Zealand rabbits (18 eyes) were recruited for this study. Ten eyes were chosen for slit‐lamp photography and corneal topography at 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months postoperatively. Two rabbits were sacrificed on 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months postoperatively. All remaining rabbits were sacrificed at 6 months postoperatively. The cornea was observed using hematoxylin and eosin staining and transmission electron microscopy. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. p value was determined using repeated‐measures analysis of variance.ResultsCorneal edema, disorganized corneal collagen fibers in the heated area, and necrotic fibroblasts were observed at 1 day and 1 week postoperatively. At 1 month postoperatively, corneal edema was not observed, and corneal cell morphology was normal. Moreover, corneal collagen fibers in the heated area shrunk and tended to be organized. The K1 and K2 values significantly decreased from 49.0 ± 1.2 D and 50.5 ± 0.9 D preoperatively to 40.3 ± 1.2 D and 43.2 ± 0.8 D 6 months postoperatively, respectively. The corneal thickness was 353.1 ± 9.3 µm preoperatively and 317.8 ± 27.7 µm at 6 months postoperatively; the difference was not statistically significant.ConclusionsCorneal keratometry showed flattening after MTK. Moreover, corneal collagen fibers in the heated area shrunk and tended to be organized at 6 months postoperatively. Further studies are required to determine the safety and stability of MTK.
On the effective universality of mereological theories
Authors: Bazhenov Nikolay , Tsai Hsing‐Chien 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMereological theories are based on the binary relation “being a part of”. The systematic investigations of mereology were initiated by Leśniewski. More recent authors (including Simons, Casati and Varzi, Hovda) formulated a series of first‐order mereological axioms. These axioms give rise to a plenitude of theories, which are of great philosophical interest. The paper considers first‐order mereological theories from the point of view of computable (or effective) algebra. Following the approach of Hirschfeldt, Khoussainov, Shore, and Slinko, we isolate two important computability‐theoretic properties P (namely, degree spectra of structures, and effective dimensions), and consider the following problem: for a given mereological theoryT, is it true that its models can realize every possible variant of the property P? If the answer is positive, then we say that the theoryTis ‐universal. We obtain the following results about known mereological theories. Any theoryTwhich is weaker than Extensional Closure Mereology (CEM) is ‐universal. A similar fact is true for the theory GM2. On the other hand, any theory stronger that CEM + (C) + (G) is not ‐universal. In particular, General Extensional Mereology is not ‐universal.
Evaluating the Impact of Systematic Error on the Estimation Performance of a Length-Based Spawning Potential Ratio
Authors: Dai Libin , Wang Fei , Gao Chunxia , Hodgdon Cameron , Xu Luoliang , Wang Jiaqi , Tian Siquan , Kindong Richard 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
During recent years, there has been growing efforts in methodological development for length-based approaches to meet an increasing demand for science-based management of data-limited fisheries. Numerous simulation-estimation analyses have been conducted to evaluate and compare the performance of length-based data-limited methods under various conditions, but none of them have evaluated the impact of observation error on the estimation performance. In this study, a simulation-estimation analysis was conducted to evaluate the performance of a length-based data-limited method for length-based spawning potential ratio (LBSPR) across a variety of cases in relation to systematic observation errors, life history types, and selectivities. The results showed that the estimation performance of LBSPR was sensitive to all types of the cases above. In particular, a disproportionately high frequency of small fish in the length composition could cause larger deviations in estimates of stock status compared with cases in which large fish are overrepresented. Partial dependence plots from the general linear model show how factors such as systematic changes in bias in length composition data affect the estimation of LBSPR. Our study suggests that the effectiveness of length-based data-limited stock assessment should be carefully evaluated on a species-by-species basis when observation error, such as systematic error in length-frequency data, is present.
Three‐dimensional quantitative analysis on granular particle shape using convolutional neural network
Authors: Zhang Pin , Yin Zhen‐Yu , Jin Yin‐Fu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTo identify all desired shape parameters of granular particles with less computational cost, this study proposes a three‐dimensional convolutional neural network (3D‐CNN) based model. Datasets are made of 100 ballast and 100 Fujian sand particles, and the shape parameters (i.e., aspect ratio, roundness, sphericity, and convexity) obtained by conventional methods are used to label all particles. For the model training, by feeding the slice images of particles into the model, the contour of particles is automatically extracted, thereby the shape parameters can be learned by the model. Thereafter, the model is applied to predict shape parameters of new particles as model testing. All results indicate the model trained based on slice images cut from three orthogonal planes presents the highest prediction accuracy with an error of less than 10%. Meanwhile, the accuracy for concave and angular particles can be guaranteed. The rotation‐equivariant of the model is confirmed, in which the predicted values of shape parameters are roughly independent of orientations of the particle when cutting slice images. Superior to conventional methods, all desirable shape parameters can be obtained by one unified 3D‐CNN model and its prediction is independent of particle complexity and the number of triangular facets, thus saving computation cost.
The Effect of the Side Chain on Gelation Properties of Bile Acid Alkyl Amides
Authors: Kuosmanen Riikka T. , Truong Khai‐Nghi , Rissanen Kari T. , Sievänen Elina I. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSix bile acid alkyl amide derivatives were studied with respect to their gelation properties. The derivatives were composed of three different bile acids with hexyl or cyclohexyl side chains. The gelation behaviour of all six compounds were studied for 36 solvents with varying polarities. Gelation was observed mainly in aromatic solvents, which is characteristic for bile‐acid‐based low molecular weight gelators. Out of 108 bile acid‐solvent combinations, a total of 44 gel systems were formed, 28 of which from lithocholic acid derivatives, only two from deoxycholic acid derivatives, and 14 from cholic acid derivatives. The majority of the gel systems were formed from bile acids with hexyl side chains, contrary to the cyclohexyl group, which seems to be a poor gelation moiety. These results indicate that the spatial demand of the side chain is the key feature for the gelation properties of the bile acid amides.
Ultra‐thin electron collectors based on nc‐Si:H for high‐efficiency silicon heterojunction solar cells
Authors: Zhao Yifeng , Mazzarella Luana , Procel Paul , Han Can , Tichelaar Frans D. , Yang Guangtao , Weeber Arthur , Zeman Miro , Isabella Olindo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLow parasitic absorption and high conductivity enable (n)‐type hydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon [(n)nc‐Si:H], eventually alloyed with oxygen [(n)nc‐SiOx:H], to be deployed as window layer in high‐efficiency silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells. Besides the appropriate opto‐electrical properties of these nanocrystalline films, reduction of their thickness is sought for minimizing parasitic absorption losses. Many strategies proposed so far reveal practical limits of the minimum (n)‐layer thickness that we address and overcome in this manuscript. We demonstrated the successful application of an ultra‐thin layer of only 3‐nm‐thick based on (n)nc‐Si:H PECVD plasma growth conditions without the use of additional contact or buffer layers. For simplicity, we still name (n)nc‐Si:H this ultra‐thin layer and the solar cell endowed with it delivers a certified efficiency η of 22.20%. This cell shows a 0.61 mA/cm2 overall JSC gain over the (n)a‐Si:H counterpart mainly owing to the higher transparency of (n)nc‐Si:H, while maintaining comparable VOC > 714 mV and FF > 80%. Our optimized (n)nc‐Si:H layer yields low absorption losses that are commonly measured for (n)nc‐SiOx:H films. In this way, we are able to avoid the detrimental effect that oxygen incorporation has on the electrical parameters of these functional layers. Further, by applying a MgF2/ITO double‐layer anti‐reflection coating, a cell with 3‐nm‐thick (n)nc‐Si:H exhibits a JSC,EQE up to 40.0 mA/cm2. By means of EDX elemental mapping, we additionally identified the (n)nc‐Si:H/ITO interface as critical for electron transport due to unexpected oxidation. To avoid this interfacial oxidation, insertion of a 2‐nm‐thick (n)a‐Si:H on the 3‐nm‐thick (n)nc‐Si:H contributes to FF gains of 1.4%abs. (FF increased from 78.6% to 80.0%), and showing further room for improvements.