bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Perilaku PenggunaanAntibiotik Tanpa Resep Pada Mahasiswa/I Universitas HKBP Nommensen Medan
Authors: Ompusunggu Henny Erina Saurmauli 
Published: March 2021

Background : Antibiotics are drugs that work to prevent and treat infection caused by bacteria. However, improper use of antibiotics can cause antibiotic resistance. Antibiotic resistance occurs due to irrational used without a prescription. The aim of this study is to determine the predisposition factors of non prescription use of antibiotics in Universitas HKBP Nommensen students.
Methods: This research is descriptive study. Sample of this study were 210 active students of Universitas HKBP Nommensen, who were selected by using purposive sampling technique. The predisposition factors of non prescription use of antibiotics obtained from quetionnaire.
Results: The predisposition factors of non prescription use of antibiotics in Universitas HKBP Nommensen students were poor knowledge of antibiotics, the suggestion of relatives or neighbors and the experience of consuming antibiotics to cure the same disease before. Financial problem was not a dominant factor.
Conclusion: Poor knowledge of antibiotics, the suggestion of relatives or neighbors and the experience of consuming antibiotics before are the dominant predisposition factors of non prescription use of antibiotics.
Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Dari Air Perasan Bawang Putih Terhadap Bakteri Salmonella Typhi
Authors: Pasaribu Olivia Yolanda , Simaremare Ade Pryta , Sibarani Joseph Partogi 
Published: March 2021

Background : Garlic is a plant which is used to treat various types of diseases, especially the ones caused by bacterial infection. Allicin in garlic is one of the active compounds which has an antibacterial effect. Some studies found that garlic has an inhibitory effect on Salmonella typhi.
Objective : This study aimed to determine the antibacterial effect of garlic juice against Salmonella typhi.
Methods : This study was an experimental-laboratory research using disc diffusion method on MHA media. This study used five concentrations, namely 12.5%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. Amoxicillin and aquadest were used as positive and negative controls. The inhibition zone was determined by observing the clear zone around the disc then the results of the study were compared with positive control with CLSI 2017 guidance table where Salmonella typhi was susceptible when the amoxicillin inhibitory diameter zone was ≥ 17 mm, intermediate was 14-16 mm, and resistant was ≤ 13 mm.
Results : The results showed that garlic juice has an antibacterial effect on various consentration. The minimum concentration of garlic juice to inhibit the growth of Salmonella typhi is on 50% with 19.25 mm diameters.
Conclusion : There was an antibacterial effect of garlic juice on Salmonella typhi.
Hubungan Mekanisme Koping Dengan Kualitas Hidup Pasien Gagal Ginjal Kronik yang Menjalani Hemodialisis di Rumah Sakit Santa Elisabeth Medan
Authors: Siahaan Meiling 
Published: March 2021

Background: Chronic kidney failure is a state of progressive, irreversible destruction of kidney structure that requires permanent kidney replacement therapy. Global prevalence is 11.7% -15.1%. Chronic disease conditions and prolonged treatment can affect the patient's mental health and quality of life. The process by which a person attains physical and mental readiness in dealing with stressful situations is called coping. Quality of life is an individual's perception of their position in life. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between coping mechanisms and quality of life in patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis.
Method: This research was analytical correlative with cross sectional research design. Sampling with consecutive sampling technique and obtained as many as 35 respondents. The criteria for patients in this study were patients diagnosed with chronic renal failure and undergoing hemodialysis with an age limit of 18 - 65 years, compos mentis awareness status and willingness to become respondents. The study was conducted in November 2019- January 2020. Patient data were obtained through medical records and questionnaires kidney disease quality of life short form (KDQOL-SF) and a brief cope scale.
Results: The results of statistical tests obtained p value = 0.007 and r = 0.413 (p <0.05; r> 0.05). These results indicate that there is a relationship between coping mechanisms and quality of life in patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis. More male respondents than women with 56-65 years age group, the highest education status is college; working as a civil servant, long undergoing HD 1-12 months. Based on statistical analysis it is known that the coping mechanism of poor respondents (57.1%), poor quality of life (54.3%).
Conclusion: There was significant relationship between coping mechanisms with the quality of life of patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis with moderate correlation strength and positive direction.
Hubungan Antara Penggunaan Kosmetik Terhadap Terjadinya Akne Vulgaris di Poliklinik Kulit Kelamin Royal Prima dan Murni Teguh Memorial Hospital Kota Medan
Authors: Panjaitan Joice Sonya 
Published: March 2021

Background: Acne vulgaris is the eighth most common disease in the world, with a 9.4% prevalence. Some studies reported that cosmetics’ use could cause and aggravate acne vulgaris. This study was aimed to explore the relation between use of cosmetics on the severity of acne vulgaris.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study from 94 patients in the Dermato-Venereology Clinic in Royal Prima Hospital and Murni Teguh Memorial Hospital Medan in 2019. Subjects were selected by accidental sampling method. The data evaluated in this study were the severity of acne vulgaris measured by the Global Acne Grading System (GAGS) and the level of cosmetic use indicated by Cumulative Cosmetic Exposure Index (CCEI). The relation between variables were analyzed using chi-square.
Results: There was no difference between the rates of use of cosmetics on the severity of acne vulgaris (p-value = 0.532).
Conclusion: Quantitative use of cosmetics does not affect the severity of acne vulgaris.
Pengaruh Pemberian Alpukat Terhadap Kadar Kolesterol Total Darah Pada Mahasiswa/i Obesitas Di Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas HKBP Nommensen Medan Tahun 2019
Authors: Waruwu Syupiarni Putri , Sibarani Joseph Partogi , Simorangkir Saharnauli Janna Verawaty 
Published: March 2021

Background: Cholesterol is a fat that does not dissolve easily in the blood. Most of the cholesterol in the blood is attached to specific protein carriers in the plasma in the form of lipoprotein complexes, which are soluble in water. Lipoprotein which carries cholesterol throughout the body. namely LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein) and HDL (High Density Lipoprotein). An increase in LDL in the body tends to form atherosclerosis. In contrast HDL cholesterol inhibits LDL oxidation so that atherosclerotic plaque formation does not occur. Obesity is one of the risk factors for atherosclerosis with manifestations of coronary heart disease. Handling of obesity has been done by many researchers and implemented. One ingredient from nature that serves as an alternative ingredient to lower blood cholesterol levels is avocado.
Objective: To determine the effect of avocado administration on total blood cholesterol levels in the obese college students at the Medical Faculty of Nommensen HKBP University in 2019.
Methods :This research is a pre-experimental study with a pre-post test design in one group. The sample was selected by purposive sampling method and obtained 20 obese students. Subjects consumed avocado juice every day for 14 days. Total cholesterol levels were measured before (day 0) and after (day 14) treatment.
Results: The mean total cholesterol level of the subject's blood on the pretest examination was 188.10 mg / dL and the posttest examination was 180.05 mg / dL. There was a decrease in the average total blood cholesterol level of 8.05 mg / dl. Paired T-test showed that there was a non-significant decrease in mean total blood cholesterol level with a value of p = 0.068 (p <0.05).
Conclusion: In this study there was no effect of avocado administration on total blood cholesterol levels in obese students.
Pengaruh Pemberian Aromaterapi Rosemarry terhadap Atensi Mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas HKBP Nommensen Medan
Authors: Batubara Sarah Naomi Irianty , Sitepu Jenny Novina , Girsang Rosminta 
Published: March 2021

Background: Aromatherapy is a method of treating diseases by using odors that generally come from plants such as rosemary. Aromatherapy acts as a medium of relaxation and stress reduction, also has an influence on several cognitive functions namely memory, attention, language, viscous facial, and executive. One of parameters of cognition skills is attention, which consists of three aspects called alerting, orienting, and executive control.
Objective: This study aimed to know the effect of rosemary aromatherapy on student’s attention in Medical Faculty of Universitas HKBP Nommensen.
Methods: This study was a pre-experimental research with one group pretest posttest design. The subjects were 30 students of Medical Faculty of Universitas HKBP Nommensen was elected by purposive sampling. The attention was measured using the Attention Network Test (ANT) with intervention on the subject in the form of giving rosemary aromatherapy for 15 minutes. Data were analyzed with Wilcoxon test.
Result: The results of the Wilcoxon test analysis showed that there was no effect of giving rosemary aromatherapy to attention, namely alerting (p = 0.206), orienting (p = 0.517) and executive control (p = 0.061).
Conclusion: There is no correlation between the provision of rosemary aromatherapy to the three aspects of attention (alerting, orienting, and executive control).
Inovasi Sistem Pendidikan Agama Islam dalam Meningkatkan Pendidikan Karakter di Sekolah Indonesia Den Haag (SIDH)
Authors: M. Irvan Prasetyo, M. Isman Farohi Farah Kamilia, M. Choirunniam 
Published: March 2021

Perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi telah membawa perubahan yang sangat signifikan terhadap berbagai dimensi kehidupan khususnya pada dunia pendidikan, terutama pada sistem Pendidikan Agama Islam yang memerlukan inovasi dalam meningkatkan pendidikan karakter di Sekolah Indonesia Den Haag. Inovasi pendidikan pada dasarnya untuk memecahkan masalah-masalah pendidikan agar mencapai tujuan pendidikan yang diharapkan. Inovasi dalam pendidikan masih diperlukan dalam upaya menghasilkan sistem pendidikan yang mampu menghasilkan generasi yang memiliki kecerdasan nalar, emosional, dan spiritual. Dalam sistem pendidikan nasional PAI memiliki peranan yang penting sebagai pelajaran yang mengajarkan tentang nilai-nilai agama pada peserta didik dengan tujuan membentuk peserta didik bertingkahlaku baik dan tidak melanggar aturan agama. Salah satu alternatif yang dapat dilakukan dalam melaksanakan pendidikan karakter adalah dengan menginovasikan sistem PAI untuk mengoptimalkan pembelajaran materi PAI. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tentang bagaimana cara peningkatan mutu pendidikan karakter peserta didik melalui inovasi sistem Pendidkan Agama Islam di SIDH Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian pustaka. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut maka penarapan inovasi sistem PAI di SIDH dapat diterapkan dalam pembelajaran dengan cara mengajarkan nilai-nilai tentang pendidikan krakter meiputi penanaman toleransi antar siswa,menciptakan suasana lingkungan sekolah yang religius dan lain sebagainya.
НАУКОВО-МЕТОДИЧНЕ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ ЗМІСТУ НАВЧАННЯ ДІТЕЙ З КОМПЛЕКСНИМИ ПОРУШЕННЯМИ РОЗВИТКУ
Authors: Чеботарьова Олена Валентинівна 
Published: March 2021

Представлено основні результати прикладного дослідження «Науково-методичне забезпечення реалізації змісту навчання дітей з комплексними порушеннями розвитку», яке виконувалось вченими відділу освіти дітей з порушеннями інтелектуального розвитку Інституту спеціальної педагогіки і психології імені Миколи Ярмаченка НАПН України впродовж 2018-2020 рр. Презентовано розроблені та апробовані на практиці науково-методичні посібники, підручники, комплекти типових освітніх і корекційно-розвивальних програм, діагностичні матеріали для вивчення особливостей розвитку та навчання дітей із інтелектуальними та комплексними порушеннями. Особливу увагу приділено впровадженню результатів дослідження в практику спеціальних та інклюзивних закладів загальної середньої освіти. Привернуто увагу до активної співпраці відділу освіти дітей з порушеннями інтелектуального розвитку Інституту спеціальної педагогіки і психології імені Миколи Ярмаченка НАПН України та МОН України щодо розроблення навчально-методичного забезпечення навчання дітей із інтелектуальними та комплексними порушеннями розвитку відповідно Концепції Нової української школи. Акцентується увага на результатах співпраці у міжнародному проєкті «Перспектива 21/3» щодо соціалізації учнів із порушеннями інтелектуального розвитку, співробітництва з громадськими батьківськими організаціями, популяризації науково-практичних результатів на курсах підвищення кваліфікації педагогічних працівників та ін. Висловлено пропозиції щодо подальших інноваційних пошуків у сфері освіти дітей із порушеннями інтелектуального розвитку, охоплюючи ранній, дошкільний і молодший шкільний вік.
PDTC ameliorates neuropathic pain by inhibiting microglial activation <em>via</em> blockage of the TNFα-CX3CR1 pathway
Authors: Li Xilei , Ye Zhi , Guo Qulian , Wang E , Pan Yundan 
Published: March 2021

Previous studies have suggested that pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), a nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) inhibitor, play a role in deterring nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain (NP) The activation of NF-κB pathway may contribute to spinal microglial activation, CX3CR1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) up-regulation. The aim of this study was to clarify whether PDTC could inhibit the development of neuropathic pain via decreasing TNF-a-induced CX3CR1 up-regulation. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham group and NP group. Rats in each group were treated with intrathecal infusion of PDTC (100 or 1000 pmol/d) or saline. The sciatic nerve chronic constriction injury (CCI) model was used to induce NP in rats. Mechanical stimuli and radiant heat were used to evaluate mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia. Spinal microglial marker OX42 and TNF-a were detected by immunohistochemistry. In vitro BV-2 microglia activation was induced by TNF-a incubation, and the levels of CX3CR1 were assessed by Western blot and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Pain behavior and immunohistochemistry results showed that intrathecal infusion of PDTC at 100 or 1000 pmol/d prevented the development of mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia, spinal microglial activation and TNF-a expression induced by sciatic nerve CCI in rats. In vitro experiment results showed that PDTC inhibited the TNF-a-induced CX3CR1 up-regulation in BV-2 microglial cells. In conclusion, intrathecal infusion of PDTC could attenuate the pain-related behaviors induced by sciatic nerve CCI through suppressing the spinal microglia activation and TNF-a up-regulation in rats. The NF-κB activation might be responsible for TNF-a-induced CX3CR1 up-regulation in microglia.
Patient satisfaction with regional anaesthesia and general anaesthesia in upper limb surgeries
Authors: Suresh Priyanka , Mukherjee Akash 
Published: March 2021

Background and Aims:
An important assessment of the quality of health care is patient satisfaction. However, only few studies are available which look into this aspect. The primary objective of this study was to compare patient satisfaction between regional anaesthesia (RA) and general anaesthesia (GA) in patients undergoing upper limb surgeries. The length of hospital stay and duration of analgesia between the two techniques were the secondary objectives.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study was carried out in a tertiary care teaching hospital. Patients aged between 18 years and 60 years, of physical status American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade 1–3, undergoing upper limb surgeries were included in the study. Patient satisfaction with anaesthesia was assessed in patients receiving GA and RA, with 100 patients in each group, at least 24 h after the surgery with a 10-item predesigned peri-operative questionnaire. The continuous variables were compared between the groups using Mann–Whitney–Wilcoxon test, and for categorical variables Chi-square test was used.

Results:
The patients in group RA showed significantly higher satisfaction scores than those in GA (P < 0.001) with respect to all the 10 items of the questionnaire and the total score. Duration of analgesia was also significantly longer in RA than GA (P < 0.001). Duration of hospital stay was also significantly longer in GA than in RA (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
RA for upper limb surgeries provides better patient satisfaction than GA, along with a longer duration of analgesia and lesser duration of hospital stay.
The clinical learning environment in anaesthesiology in Kerala---Is it good enough?---A web-based survey
Authors: Pavithran Priyanka , Kaniyil Suvarna , Rajesh M C , Venugopal Vijish , Jitin T N , Davul Azeem 
Published: March 2021

Background and Aims:
Evaluation of postgraduate (PG) training is important so that necessary modifications can be made. The quality of anaesthesiology teaching in our country has not been explored. We performed a survey among the anaesthesiology PGs of Kerala to assess their perceptions about their learning environment as well as to look for the deficits in the training program.

Methods:
An online web-based survey was conducted. The questionnaire was developed after a detailed validation process and circulated via Google forms. The questionnaire had three parts. First part asked for demographic details. Second part had 22 statements in four domains to evaluate the quality of training, which were to be answered based on a five-point Likert scale. The third part asked for the suggestions of the trainees on changes to be made for the improvement in quality of their training.

Results:
The response rate was 64%. The social atmosphere was perceived positively in general by our PGs. Majority of them received feedback on their work and had a regular class schedule. Only 34% of the residents got training in non-technical skills. More tutorials and case discussions were the most common change suggested by the residents. Lack of research training and training in simulation labs were the major lacunae identified.

Conclusion:
The clinical learning environment (CLE) was perceived to be of medium to high quality by the anaesthesiology PGs of Kerala. Lack of routine assessments and regular academic sessions were reflected in the responses.
A prospective study of the quality and duration of analgesia with 0.25% bupivacaine in ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block for paediatric thoracotomy
Authors: Jambotkar Tejaswini C , Malde Anila D 
Published: March 2021

Background and Aims:
Pain of open thoracotomy is treated with systemic analgesics, thoracic epidural and paravertebral blocks which have associated adverse effects and complications. Research shows ultrasound guided erector spinae plane block (US-ESPB) as a simpler and safer alternative. As paucity of data of US-ESPB in paediatric thoracotomies exists. We aimed at studying the analgesic efficacy of US-ESPB for paediatric thoracotomy.

Methods:
In a prospective observational study, 30 children, 1-12 years age undergoing thoracotomy with decortication under general anaesthesia with US-ESPB were observed. At induction, patient received intravenous (IV) fentanyl 3 μg/kg for analgesia and standard general endotracheal anaesthesia was administered. US-ESPB was given at fourth thoracic vertebral level with 0.25% bupivacaine 0.3 ml/kg. Changes in haemodynamic parameters at skin incision, rib retraction, pleural incision, intercostal drain insertion, and skin closure were noted. Intraoperatively, additional fentanyl was administered, if required and its dose and time were noted. Postoperative pain was assessed by visual analogue scale (VAS) (0-10) for ≥6 years and by face, leg, activity, cry, consolability (FLACC) score (0-10) for <6 years at post extubation, 30 minutes and hourly postoperatively. Descriptive statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.

Results:
Additional analgesic was not required in 14/30 patients (46.67%) intraoperatively and within 6 hours (7.4 ± 1.26) post-operatively. Five of the remaining 16 patients, required IV 1 μg/kg fentanyl only once intraoperatively. Median pain score was 2 in first four postoperative hours.

Conclusion:
US-ESPB provided effective supplemental intraoperative and postoperative analgesia in nearly half of the paediatric thoracotomy patients.
Crescents in Kidney Biopsy – What Do They Imply? A Clinicopathologic Study of 40 Cases in a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Chauhan Shivangi , Jain Sonal , Garg Neha , Dixit Sonali , Sharma Sonal 
Published: March 2021

Introduction:
Crescents in glomeruli mean proliferation of parietal epithelium of Bowman's capsule with the presence of macrophages, lymphocytes, neutrophils, fibrin, and collagen. When crescents are present in >50% of nonfibrosed glomeruli, it is called crescentic glomerulonephritis (CGN). The presence of crescents is indicative of poorer prognosis. CGN can be pauci immune (PI), immune complex mediated (ICM), and anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) disease.

Aim:
The aim was to study the clinicopathological spectrum of CGN over a period of 10 years in our center.

Materials and Methods:
Forty kidney biopsies with the presence of crescents over a period of 5 years were retrieved retrospectively from the histopathology records of the department of pathology. The clinical history, laboratory parameters, histopathology report, and the direct immunofluorescence (DIF) findings were analyzed.

Results:
Totally 40 cases had crescents on light microscopy. Out of these, 17 cases qualified for CGN. The mean age of the patients was 20 years. Nephritic syndrome was the most common presentation in these 17 cases. The mean creatinine level was 3.55 mg/dL. PI (7/17, 41.1%) was the most common category, followed by ICM (6/17, 35.2%) and anti-GBM (4/17, 23.5%). Out of the ICM, two cases were of IgA nephropathy with crescents and one of lupus with crescents.

Conclusion:
PI is the most common type of CGN. DIF examination is essential for exact categorization of CGN. Kidney biopsy in these cases can guide management and benefit patients with timely initiation of aggressive therapy.
Predicting Success in a Statistics Course Geared toward Allied Health Students
Authors: Lindsay Keston G. 
Published: March 2021

Statistics education is an important component of allied health education. Although success in statistics courses has been reported for students in fields such as business, nursing and psychology, there is a dearth of literature in students of other allied health science disciplines. As statistics is a gatekeeper course for many of these disciplines, understanding and addressing demographic predictors of success is a crucial step in helping to maintain a diverse healthcare workforce. In this study, ethnicity, gender, their interaction, age, and class format were used to predict 953 success outcomes in a retrospective dataset, with major being used as a random effect. Ethnicity alone predicted success, with students of other ethnicities having 0.6 times the odds of success as their Caucasian counterparts. As statistics is a potential gatekeeper course for success in health professions programs, academic instructors, administrators and other stakeholders should take steps to ascertain the incidence and nature of disparities in their settings, as it may play a role in maintaining a diverse healthcare workforce.