bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Targeting Cancer Stem Cells with Repurposed Drugs to Improve Current Therapies
Authors: Fong Dunne , Christensen Chase T. , Chan Marion M. 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Cancer is a multistep process involving genetic and epigenetic changes in
the somatic genome. Genetic mutations as well as environmental factors lead to the initiation, promotion,
and progression of cancer. Metastasis allows cancer cells to spread via circulatory and lymphatic
systems; secondary tumorigenesis typically leads to a fatal outcome. Recent experimental
evidence suggests that Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) play a pivotal role in tumor progression. A tumor
is heterogeneous and composed of different cell types. CSCs are a subpopulation of tumor cells possessing
abilities to self-renew and differentiate.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to present repurposed drugs, and potential candidates, that
can serve as anticancer medications intended to target resistant cancer cells, i.e. CSCs.

Methods:
Research publications, FDA filings, and patents have been reviewed for repurposed
drugs or drug combinations that can act to improve cancer treatment and care.

Results:
Drugs that act against CSCs include ones approved for treatment of diabetes (metformin
& thiazolidinediones), parasitic diseases (chloroquine, niclosamide, mebendazole & pyrvinium),
psychotic disorders (thioridazine, clomipramine & phenothiazines), alcoholism (disulfiram), lipid
disorder (statins), inflammatory diseases (tranilast, auranofin, acetaminophen & celecoxib), antibiotics
(azithromycin), and other disorders. Current research findings advocate the existence of beneficial
effects by combining these repurposed drugs, and also through their complementary use with
conventional cancer therapies.

Conclusion:
Repurposing FDA-approved medications towards cancer care, by targeting the resistant
CSCs, will allow for a quicker, cheaper development and approval process. A larger drug library
available to physicians will allow for increased efficacy during both first-line and recurrent
cancer treatments.
Bioactive Compounds of Polygonatum sibiricum - Therapeutic Effect and
Biological Activity
Authors: Zhao Xin , Patil Suryaji , Qian Airong , Zhao Caihong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract:
Plants serve as an important source of medicinal compounds, and their use in various diseases
dates back hundreds of years. One such plant-based compound and the discovery of the antimalarial
drug, artemisinin, has significantly brought phytomedicines into the spotlight and has enhanced
the understanding and, consequently, the application of formulations derived from plants.
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), which is based primarily on plants, holds immense potential
and is an unexplored source for modern medicine. Many herbs, including Polygonatum sibiricum
(PS), are used in Chinese medicine to treat various diseases. Polygonatum sibiricum (PS) belongs
to the Liliaceae family and is used not only as a medicinal but also dietary supplement. PS has a
highly diverse composition of bioactive compounds such as flavones, homoisoflavanone, alkaloids,
lignins, steroid saponins, triterpenoid saponins, polysaccharides, etc. Because of such diverse composition,
PS has been used as an anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, anti-osteoporotic agent, as well as
an immunity booster, sleep enhancer, etc. Therefore, in this article, we review the therapeutic effect
of bioactive compounds such as polysaccharides, saponins, and PS extract in various diseases
and their biological activities in fatigue, immunity, sleep, anti-aging, etc.
The Effect of Cyberspace-Based Education on the Well-Being of Caregivers of Elderly People with Dementia
Authors: Mollaei Parisa , Momtaz Yadollah Abolfathi , Taheri-Tanjani Parisa 
Published: February 2021

Introduction:
One of the consequences of aging is the prevalence of chronic and age-related
diseases, such as dementia. Caring for patients with dementia has a negative impact on the
caregiver's well-being. This study aimed to examine the impact of cyberspace-based education on
the well-being of caregivers of demented elderly people.

Methods:
This experimental study was done on a sample of 86 caregivers of the elderly with dementia
in 2018. The study sample was selected from the memory clinic of Taleghani Hospital and
randomly assigned into groups (intervention n = 43, control n = 43 groups). The well-being was
measured using the World Health Organization - Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5) before and two
months after the intervention. The cyberspace-based educational intervention was conducted for
one month. The SPSS software version 23 was employed in data analysis.

Results:
The mean age of the caregivers in the intervention and control groups were M = 51.95,
SD = 10.90 and M = 51.36, SD = 15.12 respectively. No significant difference was found between
the two groups in terms of age, gender, and level of education. The results of the analysis showed
that while the well-being of the intervention group was significantly increased (t (38) = -11.38,
P<0.001), the well-being in the control group was significantly reduced (t(36) =4.71, P<0.001).

Conclusion:
The findings showed that cyberspace-based education could improve the well-being
of caregivers of the elderly with dementia.
The effects of pregnancy on relapse rates, disability and peripartum outcomes in women with multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Modrego Pedro J , Urrea Maria Añaños , de Cerio Leyre Diaz 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Although previous cohort studies of women with multiple sclerosis (MS) yielded a reduction in relapse rate during pregnancy, the effect size has not been quantified in a comprehensive manner. In addition, the effects on disability progression and peripartum outcomes have been controversial. The purpose of this work is to assess the effect of pregnancy on disease activity, and to assess the effects of MS on pregnancy as well.
Materials & methods:
We searched in PubMed, Cochrane Library and EMBASE for cohort studies dealing with the effects of pregnancy on relapse rates, disability progression and peripartum outcomes in women with MS. The evaluated outcomes were: changes in the annualized relapse rate (ARR) in pregnancy and puerperium, disability worsening compared with the year before pregnancy, and peripartum outcomes, which were compared with the ones of non-MS women. In the majority of cohorts included here, the women were not under disease modifying therapies during pregnancy.
Results:
We found 23 cohort studies measuring changes in the ARR during pregnancy and puerperium; 12 were prospective and 11 retrospective. In 17 cohorts there was significant reduction in the ARR during pregnancy compared with prepregnancy period. The pooled mean reduction in the ARR was -0.5 (95% CI: 0.67–0.38), p < 0.001, from 15 cohorts included in meta-analysis. In 18 cohorts the ARR increased in the 3-month puerperium relative to prepregnancy year period; the pooled mean increase in the ARR was 0.22 (95% CI: 0.11–0.33), p < 0.001, from 14 cohorts included in meta-analysis. Disability worsening was addressed in 18 cohorts, and in 14 of them there were no significant changes. Peripartum complications and obstetrical outcomes were assessed in 16 cohorts, of whom 13 were retrospective, without finding significant differences.
Conclusion:
Pregnancy is associated with lower disease activity, and puerperium with higher disease activity. Disability does not change significantly after pregnancy. The obstetrical outcomes are not very different from those of non-MS women in most cohorts.
COLIGAÇÃO CH: Uma experiência além da razão comunicativa
Authors: SILVA Marconi Aurélio 
Published: February 2021

O artigo analisa uma das propostas mais inovadoras e de vanguarda no âmbito da comunicação, proposta por Chiara Lubich já no início dos anos 1980, quando ainda não havia internet comercial, tampouco facilidades para realizar interconexão global simultânea por meio telefônico: trata-se da Coligação CH. Das centenas de produções, o presente texto aborda a edição do mês de setembro/2001, logo após o atentado em Nova Iorque, quando o mundo inteiro estava chocado com tamanho ato terrorista. Lubich propõe ao mundo praticar a “fraternidade universal”. A presente pesquisa analisa o discurso do vídeo, procurando compreender melhor sua linguagem e narrativa que retratam, na prática, a realidade proposta já em ação nas atitudes de todos que dele participam.
Palavras-chave: Collegamento CH; Dialogia; Inclusão discursiva; Chiara Lubich; Fraternidade universal.
Food Safety Considerations and Research Priorities for the Cultured Meat and Seafood Industry
Authors: Ong Kimberly J. , Johnston Jeremiah , Datar Isha , Sewalt Vincent , Holmes Dwayne , Shatkin Jo Anne 
Published: February 2021

Cell-cultured meat and seafood offer a sustainable approach to meet the
world’s increasing demand for protein in a climate-changed world. A
responsible, data-driven approach to assessing and demonstrating safety
of cell-cultured meat and seafood can support consumer acceptance and
broad distribution; helping to fully realize the potential of these
products. A thorough demonstration of food safety requires a description
and understanding of the process steps during cell-cultured meat and
seafood manufacture to identify potential hazards, their exposure, and
related safety requirements related to the inputs, by-products, and
ultimately the consumption of the final product.
For this review, the authors worked with 50 cultured meat and seafood
companies to co-develop a modular manufacturing process diagram,
portraying the majority of cell-cultured meat and seafood production
processes currently in development. This diagram serves as a framework
to identify potential manufacturing hazards and product safety testing
requirements. A series of workshops were held with industry
representatives and cell-cultured meat researchers to substantiate the
accuracy and validity of the diagram. This review identifies potential
hazards and where they may occur during product development and
manufacture, then evaluates where existing safety assessment approaches,
drawn from related fields, may be relevant for cell-cultured meat and
seafood products. From this, current knowledge gaps and research
priorities were identified regarding the safety of cell-cultured meat
and seafood products.
Examining the Relationship Between Delay Discounting, Delay Aversion, Diabetes Self-care Behaviors, and Diabetes Outcomes in U.S. Adults With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Campbell Jennifer A. , Williams Joni S. , Egede Leonard E. 
Published: February 2021

OBJECTIVE
Delay discounting and delay aversion are emerging areas for understanding diabetes management; however, few data exist on their relationship with multiple diabetes self-care behaviors and diabetes outcomes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This cross-sectional study included 356 adults with type 2 diabetes across three racial/ethnic groups receiving care from two primary care clinics. The primary predictors were delay discounting and delay aversion. Outcomes included self-care behaviors, quality of life (QOL; mental health component score [MCS], physical component score), and A1C. Multiple linear regression models were run to examine the association between predictors and the outcomes, A1C, QOL, and each self-care behavior.

RESULTS
Higher delay discounting was associated with lower engagement in self-care behaviors for general diet (B = −0.06; 95% CI −0.12; −0.01), specific diet (B = −0.07; 95% CI −0.12; −0.03), and foot care (B = −0.10; 95% CI −0.17; −0.02). Higher delay aversion was associated with lower engagement in self-care behaviors for general diet (B = −0.06; 95% CI −0.10; −0.01), specific diet (B = −0.03; 95% CI −0.07; −0.01), foot care (B = −0.11; 95% CI −0.17; −0.05), and lower MCS (B = −0.38; 95% CI −0.71; −0.06).

CONCLUSIONS
In a diverse sample of adults with type 2 diabetes, higher delay discounting and higher delay aversion were significantly related to lower engagement in self-care behaviors. High delay aversion was specifically related to lower QOL. These findings offer new knowledge by highlighting the role that delay-related behaviors may have in the performance of self-care behaviors and the impact on QOL. Work is needed to further elucidate these relationships. Specifically, these results highlight the importance of targeting value and decision-making for diabetes self-management.
Use of Flash Continuous Glucose Monitoring Is Associated With A1C Reduction in People With Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Basal Insulin or Noninsulin Therapy
Authors: Wright Eugene E. , Kerr Matthew S.D. , Reyes Ignacio J. , Nabutovsky Yelena , Miller Eden 
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND
Glycemic control is suboptimal in many individuals with type 2 diabetes. Although use of flash continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has demonstrated A1C reductions in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with a multiple daily injection or insulin pump therapy regimen, the glycemic benefit of this technology in patients with type 2 diabetes using nonintensive treatment regimens has not been well studied.

METHODS
This retrospective, observational study used the IBM Explorys database to assess changes in A1C after flash CGM prescription in a large population with suboptimally controlled type 2 diabetes treated with nonintensive therapy. Inclusion criteria were diagnosis of type 2 diabetes, age &lt;65 years, treatment with basal insulin or noninsulin therapy, naive to any CGM, baseline A1C ≥8%, and a prescription for the FreeStyle Libre flash CGM system during the period between October 2017 and February 2020. Patients served as their own control subject.

RESULTS
A total of 1,034 adults with type 2 diabetes (mean age 51.6 ± 9.2 years, 50.9% male, baseline A1C 10.1 ± 1.7%) were assessed. More patients received noninsulin treatments (n = 728) than basal insulin therapy (n = 306). We observed a significant reduction in A1C within the full cohort: from 10.1 ± 1.7 to 8.6 ± 1.8%; Δ −1.5 ± 2.2% (P &lt;0.001). The largest reductions were seen in patients with a baseline A1C ≥12.0% (n = 181, A1C reduction −3.7%, P &lt;0.001). Significant reductions were seen in both treatment groups (basal insulin −1.1%, noninsulin −1.6%, both P &lt;0.001).

CONCLUSION
Prescription of the flash CGM system was associated with significant reductions in A1C in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with basal insulin or noninsulin therapy. These findings provide evidence for expanding access to flash CGM within the broader population of people with type 2 diabetes.
FORMATION OF COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE IN TEACHING RUSSIAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE THROUGH A DIGITAL EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Гирфанова Ксения Андреевна , Михалёва Елена Владимировна 
Published: February 2021

Рассматривается проблема коммуникации и речевого взаимодействия в условиях дистанционного обучения, анализируются плюсы и минусы взаимодействия посредством цифровой образовательной среды. Проанализированы факторы, влияющие на эффективность формирования коммуникативной иноязычной компетенции и ее элементов. Проблема коммуникации исследуется через психоэмоциональные особенности обучающихся, обозначаются трудности, связанные с невербальными знаками коммуникации в онлайн-среде. Изучается проблема концентрации внимания студентов во время онлайн-обучения, а также приводится ряд рекомендаций по решению данной проблемы. В результате представлен подробный обзор и характеристика онлайн-сервисов, позволяющих устранить трудности, связанные с речевым взаимодействием в цифровой образовательной среде.
The article deals with the problem of communication and speech interaction in the context of distance learning. The relevance of this issue is due to the need to pay attention to the key points in online communication, that directly affect the effectiveness of the educational process. In this regard, the pros and cons of interaction through the digital educational environment are analyzed. The main characteristics of the digital educational environment are defined, such as openness, multimodality, and interactivity.
The study analyzes the factors that influence the effectiveness of the formation of communicative foreign language competence and its elements. The success of communication in the online learning process depends on external and internal factors. The problem of communication is investigated through the psychoemotional characteristics of students, difficulties associated with non-verbal signs of communication in the online environment are indicated. Therefore, we are studying the problem of students‘ concentration during online learning, which is key in this type of foreign language teaching. In addition, we give a number of recommendations for solving this problem.
As a result, a detailed overview and characteristics of online services designed for the development of different types of speech activity of students: reading, speaking, writing, listening. These services allow you to eliminate the difficulties associated with speech interaction in a digital educational environment.
SPIRITUAL AND MORAL DIRECTION OF THE EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES OF VOLUNTEERS AT LEISURE AND RECREATION SITES
Authors: Ляшенко Мария Игоревна 
Published: February 2021

Представлены теоретические основания организации волонтерской деятельности студентов – будущих педагогов для решения задач духовно-нравственного воспитания детей и подростков на площадках досуга и отдыха. Обоснована специфика воспитательной деятельности духовно-нравственной направленности, конкретизированы цель и результат данной деятельности с учетом возможных ограничений, выделены виды и формы совместной деятельности детей и волонтеров, позволяющие инициировать духовные усилия воспитанников на самоанализ деятельности и поведения. Данные теоретические положения прошли практическую проверку и доказали свою результативность в рамках проекта «Ребята с нашего двора», который реализуется в течение пяти лет студентами Соликамского государственного педагогического института (филиала) ФГБОУ ВО «ПГНИУ».The article raises the question of finding effective forms and means of overcoming the value disorientation of the younger generation. As a solution to this problem, the author proposes to use the volunteer resource of student youth, to attract future teachers to work with children’s associations of different ages at leisure and recreation sites. The content, purpose, objectives, methods and forms of interaction between volunteers and children at such sites determine the spiritual and moral orientation of their joint activities. To understand the specifics of such social practice, the author of the article presented the rationale for the peculiarities of educational activities of a spiritual and moral orientation, concretized the pedagogical goals and the result of this activity, taking into account possible restrictions, methods of selecting specific types and forms of interaction between children and volunteers, which allow initiating the spiritual efforts of pupils to self-analysis of activities and behavior, to motivate them to choose creative ways of self-realization. These theoretical propositions have been tested in practice and have proven their effectiveness within the framework of the “Guys from Our Yard” project, which has been implemented for five years by students of the Solikamsk State Pedagogical Institute (branch) of the Perm State National Research University. The materials proposed in the article can be used by volunteer associations, student pedagogical teams for organizing educational activities of a spiritual and moral orientation at leisure and recreation sites (or in working conditions with children’s associations of different ages at the place of residence).
DESKRIPSI JAMUR ENDOFIT DARI TUMBUHAN RARU (Cotylelobium melanoxylon) GENUS ASPERGILLUS
Authors: Hasanah Uswatun , Riwayati Riwayati , Idramsa Idramsa 
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jamur endofit dari kulit batang tanaman Raru (Cotylelobium melanoxylon). Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik identifikasi secara manual dengan melihat dan membandingkan karakteristik morfologi makroskopis dan mikroskopis setiap isolat jamur endofit kemudian mencari indeks similaritasnya sehingga diperoleh dendogram yang membagi setiap isolat menjadi beberapa klaster/genus. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis cluster Simple Matching Coefficient dalam program Multi Variate Statistical Package (MVSP) dimana setiap isolat yang memiliki indeks similaritas ≥70% dikelompokkan menjadi satu klaster/genus. Hasil analisis cluster mendapatkan 8 klaster/genus jamur endofit yang ditemukan di dalam kulit batang tumbuhan Raru (Cotylelobium melanoxylon). Kedelapan genus tersebut di antaranya adalah genus Alternaria, Aspergillus, Botrytis, Debaromyces, Fusarium, Miselia Steril, Nigrospora, dan Scopulariopsis. Makalah ini menyajikan deskripsi dari genus Aspergillus. Kata kunci : Identifikasi, jamur endofit, Cotylelobium malanoxylon, indeks similiritas, genus Aspergillus
The Diversity And Abundance Of Leafaud Planthopper (Auchenorrhyncha: Hemiptera) Along With Weeds In Rice Field Ecosystem In South Rantau Of Labuhan Batu Regency
Authors: Harahap Nirwana Fajri 
Published: February 2021

The aim of this research is to find out the diversity, abundance, and dominance of leafaud planthopper (Auchenorrhyncha: Hemiptera) along with the types of weeds grow in rice field ecosystem in South Rantau of Labuhan Batu regency. This research was conducted by using purposive random sampling by using insect net. The collection of hopper was done by swinging the insect net for 50 times that took place in north, south, middle, east and south so that the amount of the sampling was 250 swings. The result of this research showed that there were 6 types of rice pests in vegetation period until stublade field in south Rantau of Labuhan Batu regency. They were : Nilaparvata lugens, Nephotettix sp, Cofana spectra, Recilia dorsalis, Thaia sp, Cicadulina bipunctata. The highest abundance was found in Nilaparvata lugens with 407 individuals, Nephotettix sp with 32 individuals, Cofana spectra with 38 individuals, Recilia dorsalis with 26 individuals, Thaia sp with 19 individuals, and Cicadulina bipunctata with only 1 individual, with low diversity index, it was 0,1075. While the weeds found in south Rantau of Labuhan Batu regency were 5 types, they were Cyperus iria ,Cyperus rotundus,Papalum distichum, Alternanthera philoxeroides, Cyperus pilosus. The highest density was found in Cyperus iria weed, with total 25%, whilw the lowest density was found in Papalum distichum with total only 10%. The highest presence frequency was found in Cyperus iria, Cyperus rotundus, Papalum distichum, Alternanthera philoxeroides with total 20%, while the lowest presence frequency was found in Cyperus pilosus with total 16%. The highest dominance was found in Cyperus rotundus with total 23.34%, while the lowest dominance was found in Cyperus pilosus with total 15.83%, and the highest important value index was found in Cyperus rotundus with total 64.24%, while the lowest important value index was found in Papalum distichum with total 52.69%. Keywords : Diversity, abundance, dominance, leafaud planthopper