bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Embedding Cobalt Atom Clusters in CNT‐Wired MoS2 Tube‐in‐Tube Nanostructures with Enhanced Sulfur Immobilization and Catalyzation for Li–S Batteries
Authors: Ma Zhiyuan , Liu Yi , Gautam Jagadis , Liu Wentao , Chishti Aadil Nabi , Gu Jie , Yang Guang , Wu Zhen , Xie Ju , Chen Ming , Ni Lubin , Diao Guowang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLithium–sulfur batteries are one of the most promising next‐generation energy storage systems. The efficient interconversion between sulfur/lithium polysulfides and lithium sulfide is a performance‐determining factor for lithium–sulfur batteries. Herein, a novel strategy to synthesize a unique tube‐in‐tube CNT‐wired sulfur‐deficient MoS2 nanostructure embedding cobalt atom clusters as an efficient polysulfide regulator is successfully conducted in Li−S batteries. It is confirmed that encapsulating MWCNTs into hollow porous sulfur‐deficient MoS2 nanotubes embedded with metal cobalt clusters not only can accelerate electron transport and confine the dissolution of lithium polysulfide by physical/chemical adsorption, but also can catalyze the kinetics of polysulfide redox reactions. Based on DFT calculations, in situ spectroscopic techniques, and various electrochemical studies, catalytic effects of CNT/MoS2‐Co nanocomposite in Li–S battery are deeply investigated for the first time. The CNT/MoS2–Co composite cathode exhibits a very remarkable rate capability (641 mAh g−1 at 5.0 C) and excellent cycling stability (capacity decay rate of 0.050% per cycle at 5.0 C) even at high sulfur mass loading of 3.6 mg cm−2. More crucially, CNT/MoS2‐Co tube‐in‐tube nanostructures present a superior specific capacity of 650 mAh g−1 in a Li–S pouch cell at 0.2 C (4.0 mg cm−2).
Full Solar‐Spectrum‐Driven Antibacterial Therapy over Hierarchical Sn3O4/PDINH with Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Yang Ruiqi , Song Guoxin , Wang Longwei , Yang Zhongwei , Zhang Jian , Zhang Xiao , Wang Shu , Ding Longhua , Ren Na , Wang Aizhu , Yu Xin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAntibacterial photocatalytic therapy (APCT) is considered to be a potential treatment for administrating antibiotic‐resistant bacteria. However, due to the low photocatalytic efficiency and weak ability to capture bacteria, it is not practically applied. In this work, an organic–metal oxide hybrid semiconductor heterostructure is fabricated for the photocatalytic generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to kill the drug‐resistant bacteria. The organic semiconductor, perylene diimide (PDI), can self‐assemble on Sn3O4 nanosheets to form a “hook‐and‐loop” sticky surface that can capture bacteria, via large numbers of hydrogen bonding and π–π stacking interactions, which are not possible in inorganic semiconductors. This easy‐to‐fabricate hybrid semiconductor also possesses improved photocatalytic activity, which is owing to the formation of heterostructure that achieves full‐spectrum absorption, and the reduction of the photocarrier recombination rate to produce more reactive oxygen species. It has a good promoting effect on the wounds of mice infected by Staphylococcus aureus. This work shows new ideas for fabricating smart full‐spectrum inorganic–organic hybrid adhesive heterostructure photocatalysts for antibacterial photocatalytic therapy.
Near‐Infrared Artificial Synapses for Artificial Sensory Neuron System
Authors: Mu Boyuan , Guo Liangchao , Liao Junhong , Xie Peng , Ding Guanglong , Lv Ziyu , Zhou Ye , Han Su‐Ting , Yan Yan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe computing based on artificial neuron network is expected to break through the von Neumann bottleneck of traditional computer, and to greatly improve the computing efficiency, displaying a broad prospect in the application of artificial visual system. In the specific structural layout, it is a common method to connect the discrete photodetector with the artificial neuron in series, which enhances the complexity of signal recognition, conversion and storage. In this work, organic small molecule IR‐780 iodide is inserted into the memory device as both the charge trapping layer and near‐infrared (NIR) photoresponsive film. Through electrical and optical regulation, artificial synaptic functions including short‐term plasticity, long‐term plasticity, and spike rate dependence are realized. In the established artificial sensory neuron system, NIR optical pulses can significantly improve the spiking rate. Moreover, the spiking neural networks are further constructed by simulation for handwritten digit classification. This research may contribute to the development of light driven neural robots, optical signal encryption, and neural computing.
A Microfluidic System for Simultaneous Raman Spectroscopy, Patch‐Clamp Electrophysiology, and Live‐Cell Imaging to Study Key Cellular Events of Single Living Cells in Response to Acute Hypoxia
Authors: Knoepp Fenja , Wahl Joel , Andersson Anders , Kraut Simone , Sommer Natascha , Weissmann Norbert , Ramser Kerstin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe ability to sense changes in oxygen availability is fundamentally important for the survival of all aerobic organisms. However, cellular oxygen sensing mechanisms and pathologies remain incompletely understood and studies of acute oxygen sensing, in particular, have produced inconsistent results. Current methods cannot simultaneously measure the key cellular events in acute hypoxia (i.e., changes in redox state, electrophysiological properties, and mechanical responses) at controlled partial pressures of oxygen (pO2). The lack of such a comprehensive method essentially contributes to the discrepancies in the field. A sealed microfluidic system that combines i) Raman spectroscopy, ii) patch‐clamp electrophysiology, and iii) live‐cell imaging under precisely controlled pO2 have therefore been developed. Merging these modalities allows label‐free and simultaneous observation of oxygen‐dependent alterations in multiple cellular redox couples, membrane potential, and cellular contraction. This technique is adaptable to any cell type and allows in‐depth insight into acute oxygen sensing processes underlying various physiologic and pathologic conditions.
Slow‐Moving Phase Boundary in Li4/3+xTi5/3O4
Authors: Joshi Yug , Lawitzki Robert , Schmitz Guido 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLithium titanate is one of the most promising anode materials for high‐power demands but such applications desire a complete understanding of the kinetics of lithium transport. The poor diffusivity of lithium in the completely lithiated and delithiated (pseudo spinel) phases challenges to explain the high‐rate performance. This study aims at clearing the kinetics of lithium transport using an innovative technique that employs optical microscopy in a constrained region of sputter‐deposited thin‐film samples. It enables the in situ observation of the transport of lithium through the electrode. Furthermore, with a thermostatically controlled cell, the Arrhenius‐like temperature dependence is revealed. The quantitative findings demonstrate that indeed the end phases have poor diffusivity which is, however, accelerated at intermediate Li concentrations in the spinel structured Li4/3+δTi5/3O4 phase. Surprisingly, the slow migration of the phase boundary hinders the formation of the Li‐rich (rock‐salt) phase in the initial stages. Such kinetic control by the phase boundary stands in obvious contrast to a prior (theoretical) study postulating almost “liquid” behavior of the interface. Only after the Li diffusion into the Li‐poor (spinel) phase has faded, when approaching the solubility limit, the further growth of the rock‐salt phase becomes diffusion controlled.
Pickering Emulsions Stabilized by Cyclodextrin Nanoparticles: A Review
Authors: Yuan Chao , Cheng Caiyun , Cui Bo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPickering emulsions, stabilized by solid particles at the oil/water interface, are brought into focus due to their long‐term stability additional functionality and higher safety. Cyclodextrins are enzymatic derivatives of starch which have a hydrophobic inside cavity and a hydrophilic outside surface. Cyclodextrins aggregate and form crystalline nanoparticles at the interface of oil/water by self‐assembly which adsorbs on the surface of oil droplets to maintain the long‐term stability of the emulsion during the emulsifying process. Moreover, Cyclodextrins can form amphiphilic complex supermolecules nanoparticles with lipophilic molecules and be utilized to prepare functional Pickering emulsions owing to the appropriate size, reasonable structure, human edible, and environmentally benign. The review compiles and assesses the properties of cyclodextrins and the latest advances on preparations, characterizations, mechanisms and applications of Pickering emulsions stabilized by cyclodextrin nanoparticles. The results will help to deeply understand the structure and function relationship and expand the application of Pickering emulsion in various fields.
Effect of High Pressure Treatment on Structural, Functional, and In‐Vitro Digestibility of Starches from Tubers, Cereals, and Beans
Authors: Bajaj Ritika , Singh Narpinder , Ghumman Atinder , Kaur Amritpal , Mishra Hari Niwas 
Published: August 2021

AbstractStarch from different sources (wheat, rice, corn, waxy corn, potato, sweet potato, and kidney bean) are subjected to high pressure treatment (HPT) at 300 and 600 MPa and are evaluated for changes in digestibility, structural, thermal, and pasting properties. HPT alters the surface of starch granules and significantly disrupts morphology of granules. Increase in average granule size and decrease in relative crystallinity is observed in high pressure treated starches. However, a significant decrease average granule size is observed at 600 MPa. High pressure treated starches show progressive reduction in both swelling power and solubility with increase in pressure. HPT results in reduction in gelatinization temperatures and enthalpy of gelatinization (ΔHgel) while starches except potato starch treated at 600 MPa do not show any endothermic peak indicating complete destruction of crystalline structure. Peak and final viscosity of native starches is higher than those of their counterpart high pressure treated starches except waxy corn starch. Increase in gel firmness and destruction of internal structure of starches especially that of tuber starches treated at high pressures is observed. HPT lowered rapidly digestible starch fraction and increased slowly digestible starch and resistant starch fraction.
Fabrication and Functional Properties of Curcuma Starch Nanoparticles as Affected by Different Degree of Polymerization of Debranched Curcuma Starch
Authors: Van Hung Pham , Duyen Trinh Thi My , Phi Nguyen Thi Lan , Quynh Tran Nha 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study is to investigate the effect of different degree of polymerization of debranched curcuma starch on formation and functional properties of curcuma starch nanoparticles (cur‐SNPs). In this study, curcuma starch is hydrolyzed to produce debranched starch with different average degree of polymerization () using pullulanase. The cur‐SNPs are fabricated from the debranched starch using a nanoprecipitation method. The cur‐SNPs exhibit relative flat spherical shapes with average size of 193–454 nm. The FT‐IR spectra exhibits the change in structure of the cur‐SNPs as compared to the native curcuma starch (NCS) because of the interaction between the debranched starch and curcumin. The solubility of the cur‐SNPs is significantly improved by 45.1–58.5% in cold water and by 76.2–78.7% in hot water, as compared with the NCS. The curcumin in the cur‐SNPs is more stable under UV light treatment and exhibited higher antioxidant capacity than the pure one. Thus, the cur‐SNPs show improvement in functionality and should be used as functional food.
A New Nanoparticulate System Based on Divanillin‐Crosslinked Starch: Mode of Manufacturing and In‐Vitro Evaluation of Skin Penetration
Authors: Sintov Amnon C. , Yariv Doron 
Published: August 2021

AbstractStarch nanoparticles (SNPs) attract special attention due to their natural origin as well as their biodegradable and biocompatible properties. Nanoparticles based on divanillin‐modified starch loaded with curcumin are manufactured through a simple procedure of nanoprecipitation by either the solvent dropping process or the non‐solvent dropping process, without any stabilizing agent. Curcumin loading is increased with divanillin concentration, and the entrapment efficiency for 15% divanillin‐crosslinked SNPs is determined as 58.7% ± 9.6% (15.6 ± 2.5 µg mg−1 lyophilized SNPs). Since the process uses gelatinized starch, retrogradation is evidenced by DSC thermograms of the SNPs. The DSC profiles of re‐gelatinization show three endothermic transitions which are dependent on the divanillin level. This study demonstrates that dermal application of curcumin‐containing SNPs crosslinked by 10% and 15% divanillin results in a significantly enhanced penetration of curcumin into porcine ear skin compared to the non‐crosslinked SNPs and 5% crosslinked SNPs. The study concludes therefore that the crosslinking method based on divanillin reaction with starch influences the encapsulation of curcumin in the SNPs and the ability of loaded SNPs to enhance curcumin penetration into the skin.
Supported Palladium Catalyzed Carbonylative Coupling Reactions using Carbon Monoxide as C1 Source
Authors: Shaifali  , Sheetal  , Das Pralay 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe carbonylative reactions of aryl halides, boronic acids, amines, activated alkene and alkynes under CO and supported palladium catalyzed conditions are very popular reactions for the synthesis of bioactive molecules, pharmaceuticals, polymers, peptides, intermediates and fine chemicals synthesis. Due to cost effectiveness and easy handling of recyclable supported palladium catalyst, it became more popular among researchers either working in academic institute or industry. In recent years, irrespective of poisoning effect of CO with palladium as major limitation, several advancements have been done through surface selection, designing and condition improvement to achieve high yield in the area of carbonylative coupling reactions. We hope this review will be helpful as a ready reference of last 20 years in the field of CO insertion reactions using diverse range of supported palladium catalysts under carbon monoxide or its sources as C1 source.
Recent Advances on Spinel Zinc Manganate Cathode Materials for Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Cai Kexing , Luo Shao‐hua , Feng Jie , Wang Jiachen , Zhan Yang , Wang Qing , Zhang Yahui , Liu Xin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractZinc metal is abundant in nature, non‐toxic, harmless, and cheap. Zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) have also emerged as the times require, which has attracted scholars′ research interest. In the zinc‐ion batteries, the cathode material is indispensable. Manganese oxides are widely used in electrode materials because of their various valence states (+2, +3, +4, +7). ZnMn2O4 (ZMO) is a mixed metal oxide with a spinel structure similar to LiMn2O4. Due to the synergistic effect of Zn and Mn, it has the advantages of high theoretical capacity. In recent years, researchers have gradually applied ZnMn2O4 to zinc ion batteries. In order to obtain high‐energy‐density zinc ion batteries, it is also very important to match electrolytes with a wide operating voltage window and develop a highly reversible anode. In the first instance, we investigate the research progress of spinel ZnMn2O4 as a reliable candidate material for zinc ion batteries. Later on, we review the optimization and modification measures of anode and electrolyte to improve the electrochemical properties of spinel ZnMn2O4. On this basis, we propose the reasonable research direction and development prospects for this material. It is hoped that there will be a help to researchers in this field.
Recent Progress in Enolonium Chemistry under Metal‐Free Conditions
Authors: Kumar Ravi , Nguyen Quynh H. , Um Tae‐Woong , Shin Seunghoon 
Published: August 2021

AbstractUmpolung approach through inversion of the polarity of conventional enolates, has opened up an unprecedented opportunity in the cross‐coupling via alkylation. The enolonium equivalents can be accessed either by hypervalent iodine reagents, activation/oxidation of amides, or the oxidation of alkynes. Under umpolung conditions, highly basic conditions required for classical enolate chemistry can be avoided, and they can couple with unmodified nucleophiles such as heteroatom donors and electron‐rich arenes.
Long noncoding RNA FAM66C promotes tumor progression and glycolysis in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma by regulating hsa‐miR‐23b‐3p/KCND2 axis
Authors: Lei Guang‐Lin , Li Zhi , Li Yuan‐Yuan , Hong Zhi‐Xian , Wang Sen , Bai Zhi‐Fang , Sun Fang , Yan Jin , Yu Ling‐Xiang , Yang Peng‐Hui , Yang Zhan‐Yu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are known to be the important regulators in cancer progression. However, the role of lncRNA FAM66C (FAM66C) is yet to be investigated in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). This study aimed to investigate the effects and related mechanisms of FAM66C in ICC. Human ICC tissues and cell lines were collected. The expression levels of FAM66C, hsa‐miR‐23b‐3p (miR‐23b‐3p), and KCND2 were detected by qRT‐RCR. The transfection experiments were employed to measure the effect of FAM66C on cell viabilities, migration, and invasion in ICC cells by CCK‐8, transwell assays. Glycolysis was investigated by glucose consumption, lactate production and ATP levels. The dual‐luciferase reporter and RNA pull down assays were conducted as a means of confirming the interactions between FAM66C, miR‐23b‐3p, and KCND2. Furthermore, the levels of the EMT‐associated proteins (KCND2, GLUT1, PKM2, and LDHA) in ICC cells were detected by western blot. FAM66C was increased in ICC tissues and cells, increased cell viability, glycolysis, migration and invasion, and decreased apoptosis were shown in FAM66C overexpressing cells. Mechanistic analyses revealed that FAM66C regulated the downstream target gene KCND2 by sponging miR‐23b‐3p. FAM66C effect on ICC was further validated in murine xenograft assays. FAM66C knockdown cells gave rise to tumors that were smaller in size, consistent with the role of FAM66C as a promoter of in vivo tumor growth. These data revealed that FAM66C was able to drive ICC tumor progression and glycolytic activity via the miR‐23b‐3p/KCND2 axis, indicating FAM66C may be a viable target for treating ICC.
Comparative nutrient analysis of four species of cockroaches used as food for insectivores by life stage, species, and sex
Authors: Cerreta Anthony J. , Smith Dustin C. , Ange‐Van Heugten Kimberly , Minter Larry J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA variety of insects are fed to insectivorous animals; however, nutritional analyses are often limited to adult life stages. Four species of nymph and adult female and male cockroaches (Blaberus giganteus, Blaptica dubia, Blatta lateralis, and Gromphadorhina portentosa) were analyzed for moisture, crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), fat, ash, and mineral content. The small sample size of this study precluded statistical analyses, however comparatively, CP in adult B. lateralis and B. dubia was greater than the CP in nymphs of the same species. Adult and nymph B. dubia had the greatest CP (96.6% and 65.3%, respectively) compared to the other three species. Inversely, fat content in adult B. lateralis and B. dubia was lower than that of nymphs of the same species. All adults contained similar levels of ADF, yet adult B. giganteus had greater ADF than nymphs; conversely, B. lateralis and B. dubia adults had less ADF than nymphs. There were differences noted in mineral parameters among the four species and life stages. Adult B. giganteus had less Ca than G. portentosa, and the lowest Ca content of the four species of nymphs and adults analyzed. This study underscores the differences in nutrient content with respect to life stage and species in previously understudied cockroaches to improve nutrient intake in captive insectivores.
Multiple Creativities Put to Work for Creative Ecologies in Teacher Professional Learning: A Vision and Practice of Everyday Creativity
Authors: Szabó Tamás Péter , Burnard Pamela , Harris Anne , Fenyvesi Kristóf , Soundararaj Gomathy , Kangasvieri Tea 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this chapter, we argue for a new vision for teacher professional learning based on the diverse creativities as practice which catalyzes educational change in whole-school contexts. We argue that it is possible (and preferable) to expand improvements to teacher education and professional development beyond neoliberal notions of “workplace readiness” and toward an environmental, ecological, sustainable education for lives worth living. This creative ecological approach considers the entire context and community of various stakeholders.Applying a case study approach, we analyze teachers’ published assignments in a blended in-service teacher education course entitled “Everyday Creativity.” We take an applied Discourse Analytic perspective and devote special attention to narratives. We argue that teachers’ self-reflective course assignments, as well as their reports on their experimental and exploratory follow-up projects, can be considered narratives through which they discursively reconstruct not only their professional identities but also their perceptions of creativity in their whole-school ecologies.Based on the theoretical framework and case study, we define everyday creativity as a manifestation of real-world learning which gives a rhizomatic understanding of how diverse creativities intra-act and are embedded within the creative ecologies of school. Finally, we indicate the potential of the concept in the renewal of education in general and teacher education in particular.
Übersicht und Profile der ausgewählten fünf NGOs
Authors: Schiffers Maximilian 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungBei den systematisch ausgewählten Fallstudien der Studie handelt es sich um Attac, LobbyControl, Foodwatch, Campact und die Deutsche Umweltstiftung. Entsprechend der Forschungsstrategie umfasst die Auswahl unterschiedliche Fälle, um mit einer theoretisch-konzeptionellen Perspektive nach Gemeinsamkeiten in Form einer besonderen politischen Rationalität von NGO-Strategien in der politischen Interessenvermittlung zu suchen. Die verbindende Klammer um die fünf NGOs ist ihre bewusste strategische Entscheidung, sich an der Gemeinschaftskampagne „Europäische Initiative gegen TTIP und CETA“ zu beteiligen (zu den Hintergründen siehe Finkbeiner et al. 2016, Bauer 2016, vgl. Corporate Europe Observatory/LobbyControl 2017).
Praktische Implikationen und Bausteine moderner Interessenvermittlung
Authors: Schiffers Maximilian 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungDas nachfolgende Kapitel stellt praktische Implikationen für die moderne Interessenvermittlung vor, die sich als Verknüpfung aus den Ergebnissen der empirischen Analyse und den theoretischen Überlegungen ableiten. Die verschiedenen Aspekte sind zu Bausteinen aggregiert, die jeweils die gesamte Bandbreite der aufgezeigten Handlungslogiken innerhalb eines Aspekts darstellen. Die Bausteine ergeben nur in der Zusammenschau Sinn.