bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chapter 1: Structural Geology Applied to the Evaluation of Hydrothermal Gold Deposits
Authors: Blenkinsop T. G. , Oliver N.H.S. , Dirks P.G.H.M. , Nugus M. , Tripp G. , Sanislav I. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The structural geology and tectonic setting of hydrothermal gold deposits are paramount for understanding their genesis and for their exploration. Strong structural control on mineralization is one of the defining features of these deposits and arises because the permeabilities of crustal rocks are too low to allow the formation of hydrothermal deposits on realistic timescales unless rocks are deformed. Deformation zones and networks of deformation zones are the fundamental structures that control mineralization. Systematically analyzing deposit geometry, kinematics, and dynamics leads to the most thorough comprehension of a deposit. Geometric analysis relates orebody shape to controlling structures, and networks of deformation zones can be analyzed using topology to understand their connectivity and mineralizing potential. Kinematic analysis determines the location of permeability creation and mineralization. New views of shear zone kinematics allow for variable ratios of pure to simple shear, which change likely directions of mineralization. Multiple orientations of mineralized deformation zones may form simultaneously and symmetrically about the principal strain axes. Dynamic analysis is necessary for a mechanical understanding of deformation, fluid flow, and mineralization and can be achieved through numerical modeling. The relationship between deformation (kinematics) and stress (dynamics) constitutes the rheology; rheological contrasts are critical for the localization of many deposits. Numerous gold deposits, especially the largest, have evidence for multiple mineralizing events that may be separated by tens to hundreds of millions of years. In these cases, reactivation of structures is common, and a range of orientations of preexisting structures are predicted to be reactivated, given that they are weaker than intact rock. Physical and chemical processes of mineralization can be integrated using a nonequilibrium thermodynamics approach.
Hydrothermal gold deposits form in contractional, strike-slip, and extensional tectonic settings. However, there may be great variation in the spatial scale over which the tectonic setting applies, and tectonic settings may also change on rapid timescales, so that it is inadvisable to infer local tectonics from deposit-scale patterns, and vice versa. It is essential to place mineralizing events within a complete geologic history in order to distinguish pre- and postmineralizing structures from synmineralization deformation features.
Chapter 6: Mechanical Regimes of Hydrothermal Gold Mineralization
Authors: Blenkinsop T. G. , Rowland J. , Baker T. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Pore fluid pressure and differential stress are among the most important controls on the mechanical behavior of mineralizing systems. Their separate influences can be readily identified on failure mode diagrams, which show failure envelopes for pore fluid factor or pore fluid pressure at failure against differential stress. The effect of the intermediate principal stress can be shown on such diagrams by using a failure criterion that includes all three principal stresses, such as the Murrell extension to the Griffith criterion. The effect is apparent from the significant variation of the position of the failure envelope as a function of the ratio between the three principal stresses, which is therefore another important control on failure. Characteristic regimes for different gold deposit types occur as distinctive fields on failure mode diagrams. Carlin, epithermal, and volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposit types have low absolute pore fluid pressures. Iron oxide copper-gold (IOCG), intrusion-related gold, and porphyry deposits encompass low to intermediate values of pore fluid pressure, while the field of lode gold deposits may extend to the highest pore fluid pressures. Lode gold, IOCG, and epithermal deposit types may have the largest values of differential stress. Carlin and VMS deposits are associated with normal stress regimes; the other deposit types may have structures that that formed in either normal or reverse stress regimes. Exploring the effects of the stress ratio and refining these currently broadly defined regimes for the mechanics of mineralization are important future directions for research.
Chapter 7: Structural Analysis of Drill Core for Mineral Exploration and Mining: Review and Workflow Toward Domain-Based 3-D Interpretation
Authors: Kramer Bernhard Julia , Barnett Wayne , Uken Ron , Myers Russell 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Structural data is vital for the understanding of the geometry and evolution of a deposit and feeds into geologic, structural, resource, and geotechnical models. Accurate models are critical for targeting, resource estimation, and geotechnical design and, if rapidly available, support real-time decisions on drilling and grade control.
Structural drill core data add a high-resolution data set to traditional data from mapping or the structural interpretation of remote sensing and geophysical data and, therefore, add indispensable information to any integrated model.
In this paper we propose standardized workflows for data collection, review technological advances and quality control processes accelerating structural data collection from both oriented drill core and televiewer techniques, and provide an overview of structures that may be observed in drill core and discuss their significance to record for the geometry of the deposit.
Critical to the data collection process is an interpretative process that recognizes and identifies domain-based structures that ultimately are fundamental to developing 3-D structural models.
Un aperçu de la recherche à Bibliothèque et Archives Canada
Authors: McIntosh Robert 
Published: March 2021

Quelles sont les conditions de la recherche en archivistique ? Dans un environnement universitaire, la recherche suggère un projet qui dure pour une période prolongée, qui est poussé et qui vise à la production d’une publication (ou d’un rapport de recherche), typiquement évaluée par les pairs. Il s’agit de la création de connaissances, qu’importe s’il y a un besoin immédiat et pratique pour ces nouvelles connaissances. D’habitude, de telles recherches reflètent un engagement étroit avec une littérature scientifique. Les institutions gouvernementales telles que Bibliothèque et Archives Canada (BAC) font face à un autre environnement de recherche. Cet article offre un aperçu des pressions sur BAC en ce qui concerne la recherche, un exposé des diverses sortes de recherche entreprise à BAC, une analyse de la longue participation de BAC aux projets InterPARES et ITrust, suivi de quelques observations en guise de conclusion.
Pour une archivistique sociale : esquisse d’un bilan de dix ans de recherche en archivistique à l’Université d’Angers
Authors: Grailles Bénédicte , Marcilloux Patrice 
Published: March 2021

La présente contribution propose un bilan de quelque dix ans de recherche en archivistique à l’Université d’Angers. Les motivations de ce programme de recherche, ses orientations thématiques et ses objets sont envisagés. On aborde aussi les questions de structuration institutionnelle et de financement de cette recherche, de son positionnement, au coeur des systèmes universitaires et archivistiques français, ainsi que celle de ses méthodes, nécessairement fortement interdisciplinaires ou pluridisciplinaires. Quelques conclusions ou acquis sur trois axes principaux sont esquissés : histoire renouvelée des institutions archivistiques aux XIXe-XXe siècles, mise en histoire des pratiques archivistiques, des usages et des logiques d’usages des archives. Ces remarques et réflexions autorisent la formulation d’un sous-champ disciplinaire qu’on propose d’appeler une archivistique sociale, attentive à toutes les formes d’interactions entre archives et société à travers certes les services d’archives et les archivistes labellisés, mais aussi tous les autres lieux d’archives présents dans la société.
La contribution actuelle de la recherche doctorale en archivistique à l’Université de Montréal
Authors: Côté-Lapointe Simon , Guitard Laure , Winand Annaëlle , Gaiffe Cécile 
Published: March 2021

Si l’archivistique était auparavant, plus encore qu’aujourd’hui, associée à une pratique professionnelle, cette discipline s’est considérablement développée au Québec à travers la recherche universitaire. En témoigne le programme de doctorat à l’École de bibliothéconomie et des sciences de l’information (EBSI), créé en 1998, dont la première thèse portant sur un sujet relatif à l’archivistique a été octroyée en 2005 et la plus récente, fin 2019. Les projets en archivistique des actuels doctorants de l’EBSI reflètent le dynamisme de cette discipline et la multiplicité des avenues de recherche qui en découlent. C’est dans cette perspective globale que sont abordées chacune de ces recherches doctorales qui témoignent des évolutions de la contribution québécoise à l’archivistique actuelle.
La création de Bibliothèque et Archives Canada en 2004 et le concept de patrimoine documentaire1
Authors: Roy Alain 
Published: March 2021

En 2019, Bibliothèque et Archives Canada célébrait ses quinze ans d’activités depuis l’adoption de sa loi constitutive. À cette occasion, il est opportun de revenir sur les deux processus concomitants qui ont rendu possible l’intégration dans une seule institution des Archives nationales et de la Bibliothèque nationale du Canada. Il s’agit, dans un premier temps, de revoir les enjeux et défis à relever qui ont mené à cette approche nouvelle. En effet, l’expansion rapide des besoins en accès et en préservation, la contraction des ressources et l’irruption des technologies de l’information sollicitaient fortement les deux institutions, qui devaient trouver de nouvelles voies de développement. L’intégration allait progressivement apparaîtrecomme une solution. Si l’unification au sein d’une même entité administrative est devenue possible, c’est également le fait d’une évolution conceptuelle majeure. La loi de 2004 fonde clairement le mandat de Bibliothèque et Archives Canada sur la préservation et la mise en valeur du patrimoine documentaire. Ce concept, apparu dans les années 1960 dans le monde hispanophone, il importe d’en revoir l’évolution – tant canadienne qu’internationale –, mais aussi d’en saisir l’importance, car il insère clairement archives et publications dans le rapport collectif à la mémoire.
Victor Papanek
Authors: Clarke Alison J. 
Published: March 2021

The history and controversial roots of the social design movement, explored through the life and work of its leading pioneer, Victor Papanek.
In Victor Papanek: Designer for the Real World, Alison Clarke explores the social design movement through the life of its leading pioneer, the Austrian American designer, theorist, and activist Victor Papanek. Papanek's 1971 best seller, Design for the Real World: Human Ecology and Social Change has been translated into twenty-two languages and never fallen out of print. Its politics of social design, anti-corporatism, and environmental sustainability have found renewed pertinence in the twenty-first century and dominate the agendas of design schools today. Drawing extensively on previously unexplored archival sources, Clarke uncovers and contextualizes the movement's controversial origins and contradictions.
Within the fields of design and environmental studies, Papanek is celebrated as a guru of alternative economics and progressive design. Yet Clarke overturns the notion that socially responsible and sustainable design emerged from the counterculture and alternative politics of the late 1960s and 1970s. Instead, she exposes its roots in the late Cold War technocratic culture and policies of US military and development interventionism. She examines the shift away from industrial design as an expression of industrial rationalism toward flawed attempts at humanitarian intervention through quasi-anthropological approaches and design strategies aimed at the socially and culturally excluded. She also casts a critical light on the current social design movement by revealing the macropolitics and neocolonial history in which it is embedded.
Relationship among Locus of Control, Academic Interest and Secondary School Students Academic Achievement in Anambra State, Nigeria
Authors: Akunne L. I. , Anyanmene A. N. 
Published: March 2021

Aims: To determine the relationship between locus of control and academic achievement in English language, the relationship between academic interest and academic achievement in English language, the relationship between locus of control and academic achievement in Mathematics, the relationship between academic interest and academic achievement in Mathematics.
Study Design: The study adopted the correlational survey design
Place and Duration of Study: Secondary schools in Anambra state, Nigeria.
Methodology: Disproportionate stratified sampling technique was used to select a sample size of 2,160 students from a population of 18,297 SS2 students in Anambra state government owned secondary schools. The instruments adopted for data collection were standardized locus of control scale, student’s academic interest scale, these instruments were administered using the direct delivery approach. Data collected were tested using Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient, while the hypotheses postulated was tested at 0.05 level of significance using t-test of correlation and multiple regression analysis.
Results: the relationship between locus of control and academic achievement of secondary school students in English language is moderate and positive (r = 0.469/n = 2050), the relationship between academic interest and academic achievement of secondary school students in English language is high and positive (r = 0.731, n = 2050), the relationship between locus of control and academic achievement of secondary school students in Mathematics is high and positive (r = 0.613, n = 2050). The relationship between locus of control and academic achievement of secondary school students in English language is significant (t-cal. = 24.03 > t-cal. 1.960), the relationship between academic interest and academic achievement of secondary school students in English language is significant (t – cal. = 48.46 < t – crit. = 1.960), the relationship between locus of control and academic achievement in Mathematics is significant (t-cal. = 35.12 > t-crit. = 1.960), the relationship between academic interest and academic achievement of secondary school students in Mathematics is statistically significant (t-cal. = 28.32 > t-crit. = 1.960).
Conclusion: locus of control and academic interest are variables associated with academic achievement of secondary school students in Anambra state. Nevertheless, secondary school students spend significant part of their time in the classroom (about 7 ½ hrs a day, 5 days a week, and 36 weeks a year) with teachers and peers, there is need to help them understand their locus of control, improve their interest in learning as well as develop belief in themselves to succeed academically.
Determining the Maximum Rate of Potassium Fertilizer on Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) in Production in Southeastern Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Konan Kouame , Jean–Martial Kassi Koffi Fernand , Boaké Kone 
Published: March 2021

In the southeastern of Côte d'Ivoire, ferralsols are characterized by poverty in exchangeable bases, especially potassium, which appears to be the predominant mineral element for oil palm cultivation. In this study, we used improved palm cultivars treated with different rates of potassium fertilizer to determin the effect on oil palms. The experiments were conducted on the CNRA station in La Mé and PALMCI in Ehania (Côte d’Ivoire), following a system block system design comprising of five treatments and four repetitions. Treatments included 5 rates of potassium fertilizer (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5) corresponding to 1; 1.5; 2; 2.5; 3 kg of KCl/tree/year. This study indicates that the different rates of KCl applied, had influence on all of the experimental parameters, namely: yields (TR) and its components (NR; PR and PMR). Yields on the Ehania plantation were significantly higher than those on La Mé. Yield ranged from 18.8 Tons/ha/year (T1) to 22.1 Tons/ha/year (T3) in La Mé, and from 21.2 to 25.6 tons/ha/year in Ehania. The theoretical maximum rates were 2.4 kg of KCl/tree/year in La Mé, compared to 1.9 kg/tree/year on the Ehania plantation. Therefore, these rates will be used in the future extension of potassium fertilizer, in the cultivation of oil palm, in the southeastern of Côte d'Ivoire.
Frequency of Various Causes of Hospitalization and Its Other Related Factors in Patients with Heart Failure
Authors: Jafarie Hamid Reza , Zare Elahe , Shafiee Mohammad 
Published: March 2021

Background: Heart failure has the highest rate of Rehospitalization with 20-33% readmissions within 1 to 3 months of discharge from the hospital. we decided to find out the frequency of different causes of hospitalization in patients with heart failure during 2017 to 2019.
Methods: This study was a cross-sectional descriptive study. A total of 120 patients with heart failure who were referred to Afshar Hospital of Yazd during 2017 to 2019 were enrolled. The random sampling method was used.The required information was collected from heart failure patients’ registry project. datum were collected and were analyzed by statistical tests and SPSS version 18.
Results: The mean age of patients was 53.53±12.36 years. Of the 120 patients under study,41.7% were women and 58.3% were male. The results showed that, 14.2% did not follow the recommended diet,14.2% had not regular use of drugs,14.2% had renal dysfunction,9.2% had miscellaneous causes,8.3% had pulmonary disease and 40% had idiopathic cause(where the cause of the condition is not known). There was no significant difference among the distribution of various causes of hospitalization in terms of the variables in the study.
Conclusions: It can be concluded that the most common reason for hospitalization of patients with heart failure is idiopathic cause.
Spirochaetes
Authors: Wang Guiqing 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Microorganisms in the phylum Spirochaetes are thin, spiral‐shaped or wavelike and highly motile bacteria that are best visualised by darkfield microscopy. Spirochaetes are Gram‐negative‐like, in that they possess inner and outer membranes separated by a peptidoglycan‐containing periplasmic space. Beyond these ultrastructural similarities, few parallels exist with conventional Gram‐negative bacteria. The current taxonomy of spirochaetes consists of five families with at least 23 genera and ∼150 validly published species, including the well‐known pathogenic, disease‐causing species
Treponema pallidum
(syphilis),
Leptospira
sp. (leptospirosis) and
Borrelia burgdorferi
(Lyme disease). The phylogenetic relationship among spirochaetes is evident at the level of gross phenotypic characteristics, which include a distinctive morphology derived from the presence of periplasmic flagella. The updated taxonomy, genomic, physiological, structural and functional features make Spirochaetes unique among the prokaryotes.

Key Concepts

Spirochaetes are a genetically and morphologically distinct group of bacteria.

Spirochaetes are thin, spiral‐shaped or wavelike bacteria that are highly motile.

Endoflagella/periplasmic flagella provide spirochaetes with their characteristic morphology and motility.

Spirochaetes differ from typical Gram‐negative bacteria at the ultrastructural level.

Spirochaetes are chemoorganotrophic, grow in diverse conditions and are composed of both pathogenic and nonpathogenic members.

Complete genome sequencing has allowed for the characterisation and differentiation of spirochaetes at the genetic level.

Medically important spirochaetes belong to the three genera
Borrelia
,
Leptospira
and
Treponema
.
Chemoattraction: Basic Concepts and Role in the Immune Response
Authors: Rodríguez‐Fernández José Luis , Criado‐García Olga 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

In leucocytes, chemoattraction involves the detection of the direction of a chemical gradient of chemoattractants, a process called chemoattractant gradient sensing, followed by their migration towards the chemoattractant. Chemoattraction is called ‘chemotaxis’ when the chemoattractant gradient is soluble and ‘haptotaxis’ when this gradient is bound to the substrate. Chemoattraction plays a fundamental role in the regulation of the precise location of leucocytes during the immune response and consequently is fundamental for the adequate functioning of leucocytes in the immune system. Classical chemoattractants and chemokines use guanine nucleotide‐binding protein (G‐protein)‐coupled seven‐transmembrane‐spanning receptors (GPCRs) to relay intracellular signals that regulate chemoattraction. Apart from chemoattraction, chemoattractant receptors regulate additional functions in leucocytes that could also contribute to a correct immune response.

Key Concepts

Chemoattraction is defined as the orientation of a cell in the direction of a chemical gradient of ligands followed by the migration of the cells towards the chemoattractant.

Chemoattractive factors are a diverse group of chemicals, including lipids, formylated peptides, proteolytic fragments of complement proteins and chemokines, with chemoattractive properties.

Chemokines are small secreted proteins (8–14 kDa), which display a similar tertiary structure and potent chemoattractive abilities.

Chemoattraction is regulated by chemoattractant receptors that are largely members of the G‐protein receptor‐coupled (GPCR) superfamily.

GPCR chemoattractant members largely use Gi family proteins to regulate chemoattraction and other functions, although other G protein families can also be used.

Chemoattractant receptors regulate not only chemoattraction but also a variety of additional functions in cells.

Chemoattractant receptors are functionally divided into homeostatic receptors, which regulate homeostatic (e.g. chemotaxis, survival, migratory speed, cell shape changes and endocytosis) functions of cells, and inflammatory receptors, which control both homeostatic and inflammatory activities (e.g. generation of ROS, secretion of proteases, secretion of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and formation of neutrophil extracellular trap (NET)).