bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving the learning of engineering students with interactive teaching applications
Authors: Corral Abad Eduardo , Gómez García María J. , Diez‐Jimenez Efren , Moreno‐Marcos Pedro M. , Castejón Sisamon Cristina 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOver decades, Mechanical Engineering students often find some difficulties to grasp some contents and/or struggle with some parts of the course. With the increasing development of new technologies, promising innovations can be implemented enhancing learning and improving success rates. In this study, a new learning interactive method is proposed and evaluated using the experience of over 600 students of Mechanical Engineering. This study describes a 4‐year experiment based on new interactive applications for education. The experiment has been implemented using E‐learning techniques and new technologies (a combination of remote and virtual examples, videos, quizzes, and theory). Specifically, several applications have been programmed to be executed on different devices, such as mobile phones and PC/laptops (Android and Windows). The experiment is applied using small applications that help the students identify the most challenging contents and guide them throughout step‐by‐step. The main objective of this interactive method is to help students find their lack of knowledge and offer them contents to cover it. These didactic applications are portable and intuitive. Thanks to these interactive applications, it is possible to accomplish better practices of “E‐learning” and “Computer Simulation and Animation” together. Since they are portable applications, they allow the student to interact and check conceptual understandings at any place. Students really appreciate this aspect. The results of the course titled Mechanism and Machine Theory have been analyzed during these four last years in which these interactive applications have been offered to the students.
End‐stage renal disease patients undergoing angioplasty and bypass for critical limb ischemia have worse outcomes compared to non‐ESRD patients: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Dawson Desireé B. , Telles‐Garcia Nelson A. , Atkins Jessica L. , Mina George S. , Abreo Adrian P. , Virk Chiranjiv S. , Dominic Paari S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundEnd‐stage renal disease (ESRD) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality following lower extremity amputation for critical limb ischemia (CLI). Angioplasty and bypass are used in ESRD patients with CLI; however, the treatment of choice remains controversial. We compared the long‐term outcomes in patients with CLI undergoing angioplasty or bypass to evaluate the differences between patients with ESRD and those without ESRD.MethodsEstablished databases were searched for observational studies comparing outcomes following bypass or angioplasty for CLI in patients with ESRD to those in non‐ESRD patients. End points included survival, limb salvage, amputation‐free survival (AFS), and primary and secondary patency at 1‐year post‐procedure. Pooled odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using a random effect model.ResultsWe included 20 studies with a total of 24,851 patients. ESRD patients compared to non‐ESRD patients with CLI had significantly lower survival post‐angioplasty (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.36–0.72, p < .001) and post‐bypass (OR 0.26, 95% CI 0.15–0.45, p < .001). ESRD patients had lower rates of limb salvage post‐bypass (OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.21–0.53, p < .001) and post‐angioplasty (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.41–0.70, p < .001). AFS was significantly lower in ESRD patients compared to non‐ESRD patients following angioplasty (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.32–0.71, p < .001) and bypass (OR 0.28, 95% CI 0.16–0.47, p < .001) despite no significant differences in primary patency. ESRD patients had overall worse secondary patency post‐angioplasty and/or bypass (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.32–0.94, p = .03) compared to non‐ESRD patients. A meta‐analysis of four studies directly comparing survival in ESRD patients with CLI based on whether they underwent angioplasty or bypass showed no difference (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.64–1.35, p = .69).ConclusionESRD patients have worse survival, limb salvage, and AFS outcomes following angioplasty and bypass for CLI compared to non‐ESRD patients. Large randomized controlled trials comparing these two modalities of treatment in this patient population are needed for further clarity.
Incidence and outcomes of acute kidney injury stratified by cardiogenic shock severity
Authors: Padkins Mitchell , Breen Thomas , Van Diepen Sean , Barsness Gregory , Kashani Kianoush , Jentzer Jacob C. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundAcute kidney injury (AKI) is common among patients with cardiogenic shock (CS) and it is independently associated with mortality. We sought to assess the prevalence, severity, and prognosis of AKI as a function of cardiogenic shock severity in unselected Cardiac Intensive Care Unit (CICU) patients.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed admissions to the Mayo Clinic between 2007 to 2015 and stratified patients by the AKI stage (based on modified Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes criteria) and Society for cardiovascular angiography and interventions (SCAI) shock stage. The association with in‐hospital mortality was analyzed using multivariable logistic regression.ResultsWe included 9,311 unique patients with a mean age of 67 years and 37% females. SCAI shock stages A, B, C, D, and E were present in 47%, 30%, 15%, 7%, and 1% of patients. The incidence of AKI of any severity was 39% in the CICU and 51% during the hospitalization. Hospital mortality occurred in 8% of all patients, and the risk increased as a function of the rising AKI and SCAI shock stage. Worsening AKI stage was associated with increased adjusted hospital mortality (adjusted OR per AKI stage 1.22, 95% CI 1.10–1.36, p < .001). Higher AKI stages were associated with increased adjusted hospital mortality in SCAI stage A/B (p < .001), but not in SCAI stage C, D, or E (all p > .05).ConclusionsHigher AKI stages were independently associated with mortality in CICU patients after accounting for shock severity and may add incremental prognostic utility in patients with lower SCAI stages.
Probing the Influence of Counter Electrode Structure on Electrochromic‐Device Operating Potentials and Performance Using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
Authors: Ahmad Rana , Laschuk Nadia O. , Ebralidze Iraklii I. , Zenkina Olena V. , Easton E. Bradley 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe paper reports a general methodology for the rational tuning and optimization of electrochromic devices (ECDs) that are based on a monolayer of Fe (II) (4’‐(4‐pyridyl)‐2,2’:6’,2”‐terpyridine)2 complex (Fe 4’T) covalently embedded onto a screen‐printed high‐surface area indium tin oxide working electrode. We demonstrate that the nature of the counter electrode and the resulting device configuration could drastically improve the long‐term stability of the ECD. We show that the replacement of the flat ITO glass electrode with a high surface area ITO electrode or the use of symmetrical working and counter electrode architecture leads to a much longer performance of the device. We propose a methodology to determine optimal operating conditions for ECDs by fine‐tuning the lower and upper operation potentials. In addition to using traditional cyclic voltammetry (CV), we utilize electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to study the intrinsic properties of the devices and understand the factors that define the long‐term cycling stability, which is further described through the use of equivalent circuit models. The main reasoning behind decomposition processes in ECDs and ways to suppress them are discussed.
Zinc‐ and Cadmium meso‐Aryl‐Isoporphyrins: Non‐Aromatic NIR Dyes with Distinct Conformational Features
Authors: Baş Çağla , Krumsieck Jens , Möller William‐Dale , Körner Dominik , Bröring Martin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA series of pyrrolyl and dipyrrinyl isoporphyrins carrying different phenyl and thienyl groups is reported. The compounds are obtained by a one‐pot approach in the presence of a template reagent. Thienyl derivatives gave better yields, and were the only subclass to form with steric hindrance. The structural analyses carried out on compounds 1 and 14 revealed distinct conformational differences which are likely to result from an intramolecular NH…Cl hydrogen bridge of the pyrrolyl subclass. In addition, this hydrogen bridge strongly favors one of the two possible atropisomers. Hindered rotation of the meso‐aryl groups is observed only in the cases of methylbenzothienyl derivatives 10 and 15 and leads to the observation of several diastereomers. NIR absorptions up to 923 nm are found throughout. Electrochemical investigations into the 1e− and 2e− reduced species unravel axial ligand exchange dynamics for the zinc isoporphyrin radical, and the probable formation of a zinc phlorinate.
Pentafluorophenyl Esters as Exchangeable Stoppers for the Construction of Photoactive [2]Rotaxanes
Authors: Rémy Marine , Nierengarten Iwona , Park Boram , Holler Michel , Hahn Uwe , Nierengarten Jean‐François 
Published: April 2021

AbstractStable pillar[5]arene‐containing [2]rotaxane building blocks with pentafluorophenyl ester stoppers have been efficiently prepared on a multi‐gram scale. Reaction of these building blocks with various nucleophiles gave access to a wide range of [2]rotaxanes with amide, ester or thioester stoppers in good to excellent yields. The rotaxane structure is fully preserved during these chemical transformations. Actually, the addition‐elimination mechanism at work during these transformations totally prevents the unthreading of the axle moiety of the mechanically interlocked system. The stopper exchange reactions were optimized both in solution and under mechanochemical solvent‐free conditions. While amide formation is more efficient in solution, the solvent‐free conditions are more powerful for the transesterification reactions. Starting from a fullerene‐functionalized pillar[5]arene derivative, this new strategy gave easy access to a photoactive [2]rotaxane incorporating a C60 moiety and two Bodipy stoppers. Despite the absence of covalent connectivity between the Bodipy and the fullerene moieties in this photoactive molecular device, efficient through‐space excited state interactions have been evidenced in this rotaxane.
Investigations on the Droplet Entrainment in a Forced Circulation Flash Evaporator
Authors: Jasch Katharina , Scholl Stephan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis contribution presents results from entrainment measurements in a forced circulation flash evaporator which was designed to systematically investigate the droplet entrainment under real evaporating conditions. Operating pressures in a range of 100 to 800 mbar(a) and temperature differences between 5 and 55 K were conducted. Gas load factors up to fG = 4.0 Pa0.5 were achieved with glycerol‐water and water as evaporating liquids. A conductivity measurement was used to determine the absolute entrained liquid and entrainment ratios. The results show an exponential behavior between entrainment, gas load factor, and heat flux due to superimposing effects. Investigation on the pressure drop across the orifice plate showed no influence for operation at gas load factors of fG < 2.5 Pa0.5.
Ligand‐Mediated Synthesis of Mixed‐Phase Mn2+‐Doped Cesium Lead Chloride Nanocrystals
Authors: Xu Jie , Liu Lijia 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHerein we report a study on the role of alkylamine ligand in tuning the crystal structure and the luminescence of Mn2+‐doped cesium lead chloride (Mn−CPC) nanocrystals. In a typical hot‐injection synthesis of Mn−CPC, oleic acid (OA) and oleylamine (OLA) are used as the capping ligands to mediate the size and surface structure of the nanocrystals. We found that by either increasing the concentration of OLA or substituting OLA with an amine with a shorter chain length (e. g. dodecylamine), the resulted Mn−CPC contains both CsPbCl3 and Cs4PbCl6 phases. The mixed‐phase Mn−CPC exhibit two major photoluminescence emission bands originated from the CsPbCl3 bandgap and the Mn d‐d transition, respectively. Besides, a near‐UV emission from Cs4PbCl6 near‐band‐gap exciton emission also appears and is highly sensitive to the excitation wavelength. The formation mechanism of mixed‐phase Mn−CPC nanocrystals is proposed.
Photochemical Construction of Ni/CdS Double‐Walled Magnetic Hollow Microspheres with Simultaneously Enhanced Visible‐Light Photocatalytic Activity and Recyclability
Authors: Zhong Wenyu , Zhuang Zefeng , Zhu Zhimin , Zhou Guangying , Zhu Ximiao , Ma Lijun , Xu Bingjia , He Guping , Gu Fenglong , Sun Fengqiang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA new magnetic recyclable photocatalyst, consisting of a Ni/CdS double‐walled hollow microsphere based on a polymer microsphere template, was constructed entirely by use of a photochemical method. Under an ultraviolet lamp, the poly(styrene‐co‐acrylamide) microsphere template, the Ni magnetic wall and the CdS wall were fabricated in sequence in corresponding precursor solutions, and then the template was remove to obtain the structure. Both walls were mesoporous and molecularly passable, and their sequential assembly facilitated their respective roles in photocatalysis. The CdS wall was assembled on the outside of the structure to maximize exposure to its active sites, whereas the Ni wall was inside the structure and acted as a support, as a magnetic component, and also as an heterogeneous enhancer. When the structure was employed in photodegradation of methylene blue or in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from water under visible light, it exhibited considerably enhanced activities, recyclability and stability compared to pure CdS hollow microspheres. Such a construction strategy using simply light energy is promising in the acquisition of high performance photocatalysts with recyclability or other functions.
Protein Conjugation via SpyStapler‐Mediated SpyTag/BDTag Coupling
Authors: Da Xiao‐Di , Wu Xia‐Ling , Liu Yajie , Zhang Wen‐Bin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGenetically encoded peptide‐protein coupling reactions, such as the SpyTag/SpyCatcher chemistry, are recent additions to the expanding toolbox of protein bioconjugation. The alternative three‐component ligation system, e.g., SpyStapler‐mediated SpyTag/BDTag coupling, retains most advantages of the Tag/Catcher chemistry, yet requires only two short peptide tags in the genetic fusion for side‐chain ligation. Not only does this facilitate the construction of large protein conjugates directly from as‐expressed protein components with minimal disruption to their function, but it also provides an entirely new mode of bioconjugation via mechanical bonding, which could impart additional functional benefits such as improved activity and enhanced stability to the conjugate. Such features are attractive for improving the pharmacokinetic performance of protein therapeutics. Herein we describe protocols for SpyStapler‐mediated SpyTag/BDTag coupling for protein bioconjugation. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Conjugation via isopeptide bondSupport Protocol: Purification by size‐exclusion chromatographyBasic Protocol 2: Conjugation via mechanical bond
Grass bud responses to fire in a semiarid savanna system
Authors: Hiers Quinn A. , Treadwell Morgan L. , Dickinson Matthew B. , Kavanagh Kathleen L. , Lodge Alexandra G. , Starns Heath D. , Tolleson Doug R. , Twidwell Dirac , Wonkka Carissa L. , Rogers William E. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIncreasingly, land managers have attempted to use extreme prescribed fire as a method to address woody plant encroachment in savanna ecosystems. The effect that these fires have on herbaceous vegetation is poorly understood. We experimentally examined immediate (<24 hr) bud response of two dominant graminoids, a C3 caespitose grass, Nassella leucotricha, and a C4 stoloniferous grass, Hilaria belangeri, following fires of varying energy (J/m2) in a semiarid savanna in the Edwards Plateau ecoregion of Texas. Treatments included high‐ and low‐energy fires determined by contrasting fuel loading and a no burn (control) treatment. Belowground axillary buds were counted and their activities classified to determine immediate effects of fire energy on bud activity, dormancy, and mortality. High‐energy burns resulted in immediate mortality of N. leucotricha and H. belangeri buds (p < .05). Active buds decreased following high‐energy and low‐energy burns for both species (p < .05). In contrast, bud activity, dormancy, and mortality remained constant in the control. In the high‐energy treatment, 100% (n = 24) of N. leucotricha individuals resprouted while only 25% (n = 24) of H. belangeri individuals resprouted (p < .0001) 3 weeks following treatment application. Bud depths differed between species and may account for this divergence, with average bud depths for N. leucotricha 1.3 cm deeper than H. belangeri (p < .0001).Synthesis and applications: Our results suggest that fire energy directly affects bud activity and mortality through soil heating for these two species. It is imperative to understand how fire energy impacts the bud banks of grasses to better predict grass response to increased use of extreme prescribed fire in land management.
Solving the fourth‐corner problem: forecasting ecosystem primary production from spatial multispecies trait‐based models
Authors: Sarker Swapan Kumar , Reeve Richard , Matthiopoulos Jason 
Published: April 2021

AbstractForecasting productivity and stress across an ecosystem is complicated by the multiple interactions between competing species, the unknown levels of intra‐ and interspecific trait plasticity, and the dependencies between those traits within individuals. Integrating these features into a trait‐based quantitative framework requires a conceptual and quantitative synthesis of how multiple species and their functional traits interact and respond to changing environments, a challenge known in community ecology as the “fourth‐corner problem.” We propose such a novel synthesis, implemented as an integrated Bayesian hierarchical model. This allows us to (1) simultaneously model trait–trait and trait–environment relationships by explicitly accounting for both intra‐ and interspecific trait variabilities in a single analysis using all available data types, (2) quantify the strength of the trait–environment relationships, (3) identify trade‐offs between multiple traits in multiple species, and (4) faithfully propagate our modeling uncertainties when making species‐specific and community‐wide trait predictions, reducing false confidence in our spatial prediction results. We apply this integrated approach to the world’s largest mangrove forest, the Sundarbans, a sentinel ecosystem impacted simultaneously by both climate change and multiple types of human exploitation. The Sundarbans presents extensive variability in environmental variables, such as salinity and siltation, driven by changing seawater levels from the south and freshwater damming from the north. We find that tree species growing under stress have a typical functional response to the environmental drivers with inter‐specific variability around this average, and the amount of variability is further contingent upon the nature and magnitude of the environmental drivers. Our model captures the retreat in traits related to resource acquisition and a plastic enhancement of traits related to resource conservation, both clear indications of stress. We predict that, if historical increases in salinity and siltation are maintained, one‐third of whole‐ecosystem productivity will be lost by 2050. Our integrated modeling approach bridges community and ecosystem ecology through simultaneously modeling trait–environment correlations and trait–trait trade‐offs at organismal, community, and ecosystem levels; provides a generalizable foundation for powerful modeling of trait‐environment linkages under changing environments to predict their consequences on ecosystem functioning and services; and is readily applicable across the Earth’s ecosystems.
Selective Synthesis of 5‐Alkylated and 5‐Alkenylated Chromones via Catalytic C‐H Coupling of Chromones with Allyl Alcohols
Authors: Du Ya‐Zhen , Wang Yu‐Jiao , Zhao Qing‐Yang , Zhao Li‐Ming 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHerein, we describe two types of C5 functionalization reactions of chromones with allyl alcohols. Diverse 5‐substituted chromones can be produced by modulating the catalysts in these reactions: Rh(III) results in the formation of 5‐alkylated chromones, and Ru(II) furnishes 5‐alkenylated products. We also achieve further functionalizations of these 5‐substituted chromones, which demonstrates the superiority of this method. Notable features of these new methods include readily available precursors, tunable reactivity, exclusive C5‐selectivity, and easy derivatization of products.
Total Synthesis of the Fungal Metabolite Trienylfuranol A through Nucleophilic Diastereodivergent Additions to Oxocarbenium Ions
Authors: Arcile Guillaume , Retailleau Pascal , Ouazzani Jamal , Betzer Jean‐Francois 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHerein, we describe the first total synthesis of trienylfuranol A, a fungal triene‐substituted tetrahydrofuran metabolite. The stereoselectivity of the chiral center bearing the trienyl side chain was diastereodivergently controlled by the addition of nucleophilic species on substituted γ‐butyrolactone. Remarkably, theC‐nucleophilic species or hydride addition onto oxocarbenium intermediate leads to the opposite diastereoselectivity reported for Kishi or Woerpel models. The use of Hantzsch ester (HEH) as organic hydride donor has enabled us to obtain the desired stereochemistry. The total synthesis of trienylfuranol A was achieved in 8 steps from acetaldehyde and pyruvic acid.
Juxtaglomerular cell tumor diagnosed preoperatively by renal tumor biopsy
Authors: Ueda Takashi , Morinaga Yukiko , Inoue Kai , Hirano Sojiro , Matsubara Hiroki , Hongo Fumiya 
Published: April 2021

IntroductionDiagnosis of small renal tumor from imaging analysis is limited. We report a case of juxtaglomerular cell tumor diagnosed preoperatively by renal tumor biopsy.Case presentationA 17‐year‐old male was urgently hospitalized for acute‐onset congestive heart failure. Radiographic findings revealed a 2‐cm mass lesion, and on renal biopsy, a juxtaglomerular cell tumor was suspected. The juxtaglomerular cell tumor was resected by laparoscopic partial nephrectomy, on suspicion of causing the heart failure. The patient’s clinical symptoms improved drastically postoperatively.ConclusionBiopsy may be a promising option for preoperative diagnosis of juxtaglomerular cell tumors.