bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Observation of Danish marine fungi: in memoriam of Dr. Jørgen Koch
Authors: Jones E. B. Gareth , Pang Ka-Lai 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Jørgen Koch introduced mycologists to a unique habitat for marine fungi, namely the sand dunes of Grønhøj, Jutland, Denmark. The high diversity of marine fungi obtained from the site provided abundant sporulating structures for a number of research areas in marine mycology including ecological surveys, ultrastructure examination of ascospore appendage development, spore attachment studies and phylogeny. This review highlights the key observations in these areas. Also, a list of 102 species of marine fungi documented for Denmark is provided.
Prediction of future paths of mobile objects using path library
Authors: Leppäkoski Helena , Adhikari Bishwo , Raivio Leevi , Ritala Risto 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In situational awareness, the ability to make predictions about the near future situation in the area under surveillance is often as essential as being aware of the current situation. We introduce a privacy-preserving instance-based prediction method, where a path library is collected by learning earlier paths of mobile objects in the area of surveillance. The input to the prediction is the most recent coordinates of the objects in the scene. Based on similarity to short segments of currently tracked paths, a relative weight is associated with each path in the library. Future paths are predicted by computing the weighted average of the library paths. We demonstrate the operation of a situational awareness system where privacy-preserving data are extracted from an inexpensive computer vision which consists of a camera-equipped Raspberry PI-based edge device. The system runs a deep neural network-based object detection algorithm on the camera feed and stores the coordinates, object class labels, and timestamps of the detected objects. We used probabilistic reasoning based on joint probabilistic data association, Hungarian algorithm, and Kalman filter to infer which detections from different time instances came from the same object.
Parliamentary Sovereignty before and beyond Brexit
Authors: Orakhelashvili Alexander 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This article assesses the doctrine of parliamentary sovereignty against the background that, at the time of UK’s withdrawal from the EU, UK parliament proclaimed it to be preserved despite the continuing domestic legal effect accorded, under 2018 and 2020 Acts, to pertinent EU law provisions in the UK legal system. The relevant evidence is analysed to show whether that position is one to which English law subscribes.
Effects of carbon doping on structure and magnetocaloric properties of Mn1.25Fe0.7P0.5Si0.5 alloys
Authors: Niu Jimei , Zheng Zhigang 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
(Mn,Fe)2(P,Si)-basedmaterials are promisingly applied in the room-temperature magnetic refrigeration field. In this study, Mn1.25Fe0.7P0.5Si0.5Cx (x = 0, 0.01, 0.03 and 0.05) alloys were prepared by arc-melting and then a two-stage sintering process. The effects of C doping on the crystal structure and magnetocaloric behavior are discussed. Results indicate that the Fe2P-type structure (space group of P62 m) was crystallized for all samples with weakened first-order magnetic transitions (FOMT). The Curie temperature could be altered from 223.5 K to 278.5 K with the large magnetocaloric effect (MCE) remaining by C doping. In the applied magnetic field of 5 T, the peak value of magnetic entropy change (–ΔS
M) increased by 7.3% to reach 25.1 J × kg–1 × K–1. The temperature-induced entropy change (ΔS
DSC) derived from DSC was slightly larger than ΔS
M induced by the magnetic field. The Mn1.25Fe0.7P0.5Si0.5 alloys with large MCE can be effectively tuned by C doping because C atoms prefered to share the substitute and occupy the interstitial sites in hexagonal Fe2P-type structure.
Mechanical performance investigation of lignocellulosic coconut and pomegranate / LDPE biocomposite green materials
Authors: BaniHani Suleiman , AL-Oqla Faris M. , Mutawe Samer 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Biocomposites have been implemented in various industrial applications. However, it is necessary to demonstrate their desired mechanical performance aspects for the near future green products. The aim of this work is to study the efficiency of utilizing both coconut and pomegranate lignocellulosic fiber as green reinforcement types for the low-density polyethylene, LDPE. Desired mechanical performance trends are investigated for the green composites including the tensile strength, tensile modulus, and elongation to break properties as a function of various reinforcement configurations. This was performed to properly optimize the reinforcement conditions to obtain desirable mechanical characteristics of such types of bio-composites for more sustainable functional attributes. Results have demonstrated that the best tensile strength for the coconut/PE was achieved at 20wt.% case with 8.2 MPa, and the best regarding this property for the pomegranate/PE was at 30wt.% with a value close to 8.3 MPa. Moreover, obvious inverse relationship between strength and strain for the coconut composite type was revealed at both low and high fiber contents. It was also noticed that the 20wt.% coconut-based composite has demonstrated the best optimal values of tensile strength and tensile modulus simultaneously. But no reinforcement condition was found for pomegranate/LDPE as an optimal for these mechanical properties concurrently.
Numerical modelling of the transition of infected cells and virions between two lymph nodes in a stochastic model of HIV-1 infection
Authors: Pertsev Nikolai V. , Topchii Valentin A. , Loginov Konstantin K. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The paper is focused on stochastic modelling of the process of transition of infected cells and virions of HIV-1 infection between two lymph nodes. The model is based on the following assumptions: (1) the duration of transition of infected cells and virions between two lymph nodes is set using a time-dependent function, (2) infected cells produce virions in the process of transition between two lymph nodes, (3) infected cells and virions may die when moving between two lymph nodes. The methods of the theory of branching random processes are used to study analytically the model variables. An algorithm for statistical modelling of the number of infected cells and virions in the second lymph node is presented. The results of computational experiments studying the distribution law of the number of virions produced by one infected cell depending on the duration of movement between two lymph nodes are presented.
Experimental study on the low-velocity impact failure mechanism of foam core sandwich panels with shape memory alloy hybrid face-sheets
Authors: Li Hao , Jiang Cong , Wu Ye , Huang Yonghu , Wan Yun , Chen Ru 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Superelastic shape memory alloy (SMA) as an advanced smart material has been used to improve the impact performance of fiber-reinforced composites in recent decades. Due to the low impact toughness of the thin composite face-sheet and the poor strength of the foam core, sandwich panels are sensitive to the transverse loading. SMA fibers were embedded into the composite laminated to improve the impact resistance of the traditional foam core sandwich panel in this work. Five new types of SMA hybrid panels were prepared, and the testing panels with penetration failure were observed at the impact energy of 50 J. The impact mechanical responses and the damage morphology were analyzed, and the impact failure mechanism was also revealed. Results show that all sandwich panels were failed, the fiber breakage occurred at the impact region in the traditional panels, while part plies of the rear face-sheets split-off in the SMA hybrid panels. The impact performance of the SMA hybrid panels is improved when compared with the traditional panel, the reduction of the delamination area by 48.15% and the increase of the load-bearing threshold by 32.75% are acquired for the hybrid sandwich panel with two layers of SMA fibers in the rear face-sheet.
Automation of Seed Priming Technology for Enhanced Seed Vigour of Blackgram Seeds
Authors: Malarkodi K. , Vedhapriya T. , Umarani R. , Bhaskaran M. 
Published: November 2021

Background: Seed priming technique involves soaking of seeds in priming agent to a point where germination related metabolic activities occur in the seeds followed by drying of imbibed seeds to original moisture to prevent the radical protrusion and facilitate storage of primed seed. Draining of priming agent and drying of large quantity of primed seeds is a laborious and time consuming process. The current study was aimed to standardize automation of seed priming process by utilizing house-hold top loading washing machine. Methods: The top loading washing machine referred to as Seed Priming Cabinet, contained a priming drum with provision for draining water. On completion of the soaking period, the ‘SPIN’ button was pressed by setting the duration of spin drying (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 min.). Then the seeds were removed from the drum of priming cabinet and subjected to shade drying so as to reach the original moisture content and evaluated for seed quality parameters. Result: The blackgram seed subjected to conventional hydropriming was compared with automatic seed priming for 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 min. and observed that hydropriming and spin drying for 3 min. was found to be optimum and the per cent increase in germination recorded over control was 18.0 per cent thus suggesting that automation of seed priming technology can be recommended for enhanced seed vigour and crop productivity of blackgram.
ATP and Substrate Binding Regulates Conformational Changes of Human Peroxisomal ABC Transporter ALDP
Authors: Tang Lin , Xiong Chao , Jia Lina , Shen Ming-He , Xiong Wei-Xi , Xiong Liu-Lin , Wang Ting-Hua , Zhou Dong , Liu Zheng 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The malfunction of ABCD1 causes X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD), a rare neurodegenerative disease that affect all tissues in human. Residing in the peroxisome membrane, ABCD1 plays a role in the translocation of very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA) for their damage by β-oxidation. Here, we present five Cryo-Electron microscopy structures of ABCD1 in four conformational states. Combined with functional analysis, we found that substrate and ATP trigger the closing of two nucleotide binding domains (NBDs) over a distance of 40 Å and the rearrangement of the transmembrane domains. Each of the three inward-facing structure of ABCD1 has a vestibule opens to cytosol with variable size. Furthermore, the structure of ABCD1 in the outward-facing state supports that ATP molecules pull the two NBDs together and open the transmembrane domain to the peroxisomal lumen for substrate release. The five structures provide a snapshot of substrate transporting cycle and mechanistic implications for disease-causing mutations.
Federated Learning and Differential Privacy for Medical Image Analysis
Authors: Adnan Mohammed , Kalra Shivam , Cresswell Jesse C. , Taylor Graham W. , Tizhoosh Hamid 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The artificial intelligence revolution has been spurred forward by the availability of large-scale datasets. In contrast, the paucity of large-scale medical datasets hinders the application of machine learning in healthcare. The lack of publicly available multi-centric and diverse datasets mainly stems from confidentiality and privacy concerns around sharing medical data. To demonstrate a feasible path forward in medical image imaging, we conduct a case study of applying a differentially private federated learning framework for analysis of histopathology images, the largest and perhaps most complex medical images. We study the effects of IID and non-IID distributions along with the number of healthcare providers, i.e., hospitals and clinics, and the individual dataset sizes, using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset, a public repository, to simulate a distributed environment. We empirically compare the performance of private, distributed training to conventional training and demonstrate that distributed training can achieve similar performance with strong privacy guarantees. We also study the effect of different source domains for histopathology images by evaluating the performance using external validation. Our work indicates that differentially private federated learning is a viable and reliable framework for the collaborative development of machine learning models in medical image analysis.
Normalization of Gene Expression Data Revisited: The Three Viewpoints of the Transcriptome in Human Skeletal Muscle Undergoing Load-induced Hypertrophy and Why They Matter
Authors: Khan Yusuf , Hammarström Daniel , Ellefsen Stian , Ahmad Rafi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe biological relevance and accuracy of gene expression data depend on the adequacy of data normalization. This is both due to its role in resolving and accounting for technical variation and errors, and its defining role in shaping the viewpoint of biological interpretations. Still, normalization is often treated in serendipitous manners. This is especially true for the viewpoint perspective, which may be particularly decisive for conclusions in studies involving pronounced cellular plasticity. In this study, we highlight the consequences of using three fundamentally different modes of normalization for interpreting RNA-seq data from human skeletal muscle undergoing exercise-training-induced growth. Briefly, 25 participants conducted 12 weeks of high-load resistance training. Muscle biopsy specimens were sampled from m. vastus lateralis before, after two weeks of training (week 2) and after the intervention (week 12), and were subsequently analyzed using RNA-seq. Transcript counts were modeled as i) per-library-size, ii) per-total-RNA, and iii) per-sample-size (per-mg-tissue). ResultInitially, the three modes of transcript modeling led to the identification of three unique sets of stable genes, which displayed differential expression profiles. Specifically, genes showing stable expression across samples in the per-library-size dataset displayed training-associated increases in per-total-RNA and per-sample-size datasets. These gene sets were then used for normalization of the entire dataset, providing transcript abundance estimates corresponding to each of the three biological viewpoints (i.e., per-library-size, per-total-RNA, and per-sample-size). The different normalization modes led to different conclusions, measured as training-associated changes in transcript expression. Briefly, for 28% and 24% of the transcripts, training was associated with changes in expression in per-total-RNA and per-sample-size scenarios, but not in the per-library-size scenario. At week 2, this led to opposite conclusions for 5% of the transcripts between per-library-size and per-sample-size datasets (↑ vs. ↓, respectively). ConclusionScientists should be explicit with their choice of normalization strategies and should interpret the results of gene expression analyses with caution. This is particularly important for data sets involving a limited number of genes or involving growing or differentiating cellular models, where the risk of biased conclusions is pronounced.
Effect of Cell Cycle on Cell Surface Expression of Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels and Na+,K+-ATPase
Authors: Edenfield Samantha I. , Gould III Harry J. , Paul Dennis 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) are the target for many therapies. Variation in membrane potential occurs throughout the cell cycle, yet little attention has been devoted to VGSCs and Na+,K+-ATPase in the cell cycle. We hypothesized that in addition to doubling DNA and cell membrane in anticipation of cell division, there should be a doubling of VGSCs and Na+,K+-ATPase compared to non-dividing cells. We tested this hypothesis in eight immortalized cell lines by correlating immunocytofluorescent labeling of VGSCs or Na+,K+-ATPase, with propidium iodide or DAPI fluorescence using flow cytometry. Cell surface expression of VGSCs during phases S through M was double that seen during phases G0 - G1. By contrast, Na+,K+-ATPase expression increased only 1.5-fold. The increases were independent of baseline expression of channels or pumps. The variation in VGSC and Na+,K+-ATPase expression has implications for both our understanding of sodium's role in controlling the cell cycle and variability of treatments targeted at these components of the Na+ handling system.
mecA-Gene Detection and MDR Profile of S. Aureus Isolates From Patients Attending The Referral Hospitals of Amhara Reginal State, Ethiopia
Authors: Moges Feleke , Tamiru Tadele , Amare Azanaw , Mengistu Getachew , Abebe Wondwossen , Eshetie Setegn , Dagnew Mulat , Feleke Tigist , Gizachew Mucheye 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Staphylococcus aureus causes different types of human infections, and has an ability to develop resistance to many antibiotics. There is scarcity of data on mecA gene and MDR profiles of this organism in developing countries, like Ethiopia. The aim of the present study is therefore, to investigate MDR profiles and mecA-gene profile of S. aureus from Referral Hospitals of Amhara Reginal State. Methods: Of the total of 110 isolates collected from Amhara Region Referral Hospitals, 70 MDR isolates were further processed for isolation of S. aureus mecA gene. Genomic DNA was isolated using SIGMA ALDRICH genomic DNA isolation Kit for Gram positive bacteria. Amplification of S. aureus mecA gene was done using amplicon size of 533 bp. Agarose gel electrophoresis was prepared with 1.5% agarose by TAE solvent and 0.5μg/mL of ethidium bromide. Electrophoresis was carried out for 1 hour and a half (7 Volts/ cm²) in 1X tris acetate EDTA (TAE) buffer. Data were analysed by using descriptive statistics.Results: Majority of the isolates were recovered from patients age less than 5 years, 51 (36.7%) and least from age greater than 60 years, 6 (4.3%). Most of the isolates were from blood, 61 (43.9%), followed by wound, 45 (32.4%). High resistance rate was observed in penicillin 81 (73.6%), followed by cotrimoxazole 78 (70.9%), ceftriaxone 76 (69%), erythromycin 66 (60%) and tetracycline 65 (59.1%). Phenotypically, considering cefoxitin as a surrogate marker, 38 (34.5%) of the isolates were methicillin resistant. The overall MDR isolates were 92 (83.6%). The PCR amplification result of mecA gene was 14 (20%).Conclusions and recommendations: There are high rate of MDR and MRSA isolates of S. aureus. PCR amplification result indicates 20% of MRSA isolates are mecA gene producers. Largescale study for detection of MDR strains of S. aureus including MRSA using molecular techniques should be encouraged in Amhara region.
Inhibition of TRPC4 Channel Activity in Colonic Myocytes by Tricyclic Antidepressants Disrupts Colonic Motility Causing Constipation
Authors: Jeong Byeongseok , Sung Tae Sik , Jeon Dongju , Park Kyu Joo , Jun Jae Yeoul , So Insuk , Hong Chansik 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) have been used to treat depression and were recently approved for treating irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients with severe or refractory IBS symptoms. However, the molecular mechanism of TCA action in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract remains poorly understood. Transient receptor potential channel canonical type 4 (TRPC4), which is a Ca2+-permeable nonselective cation channel, is a critical regulator of GI excitability. Herein, we investigated whether TCA modulates TRPC4 channel activity and by what mechanism in colonic myocytes consequently causes constipation.Methods: To prove the clinical benefit in patients with diarrhea by TCA treatment, we performed mechanical tension recording using human colonic migrating motor complexes (CMMCs) and isolated muscle strips. To determine the contribution of TRPC4 to colonic motility, we measured the electrical activity of heterologous or endogenous TRPC4 by TCAs using the patch clamp technique in HEK293 cells and murine colonic myocytes.Results: All TCA compounds significantly inhibited the spontaneous contraction of CMMCs and muscle strips isolated from CMMCs by TRPC4 inhibition of colonic myocytes. In TRPC4-overexpressed HEK cells, we observed TCA-evoked direct inhibition of TRPC4 with IC50 values. Compared with TRPC4-knockout mice, we identified that muscarinic cationic current (mIcat) was suppressed through TRPC4 inhibition by TCA in isolated murine colonic myocytes. Conclusions: We investigated the inhibitory effect of the TRPC4 current by TCAs on colonic motility in TCA-induced constipation. These findings provide clinical insights into abnormal intestinal motility and medical interventions aimed at IBS therapy.
Successful Treatment of Airway Rupture with Femoro-Femoral Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Traumatic Tracheal Injury: A Case Report
Authors: Ko Haein , Jeong In-seok , Oh Sang Gi , Lee Kyo Seon , Song Sang Yun , Kim Do Wan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
BackgroundTraumatic tracheal injury is a rare type of trauma. In this type of injury, catastrophes may occur owing to a failure to secure the patient's airway. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is rescue therapy available for the treatment of urgent cardiorespiratory distress until the patient's vital signs have stabilized. The various applications of ECMO configurations have expanded the scope for this therapy.Case presentationWe describe the case of a 66-year-old man with tracheal rupture with thyroid cartilage fracture due to cultivator handle who was treated with veno-venous ECMO. This case reflects the role and limitations of veno-venous ECMO, in which patient survival was possible with a bi-femoral configuration while also ensuring a clear airway. ConclusionWe shared our experience with bi-femoral veno-venous ECMO as a therapeutic option to contribute to choosing an appropriate approach. Based on our review of the literature, the present case was an uncommon report of survival after tracheal rupture due to trauma without other complications.