bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Property, Personhood, and Police: The Making of Race and Space through Nuisance Law
Authors: Graziani Terra , Montano Joel , Roy Ananya , Stephens Pamela 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis essay is concerned with public nuisance law as a space‐making project, decisively shaping property relations through speculative policing. With a focus on the Citywide Nuisance Abatement Program (CNAP) in Los Angeles, we show how the transformation of “gang‐controlled” neighbourhoods anticipates capital investment through the reformation of property. We situate the contemporary reanimation of public nuisance law in the socio‐spatial histories of racial capitalism, including colonial dispossession, the control of free and fugitive Black people, and formations of counter‐insurgency such as community policing. In doing so, we draw attention to the lawlessness of the law, which in the case of CNAP is apparent not only in its legal hybridity but also in its preemptive logics of surveillance, criminalisation and banishment that target racial others.
Predicting landscape‐scale biodiversity recovery by natural tropical forest regrowth
Authors: Prieto Pablo V. , Bukoski Jacob J. , Barros Felipe S. M. , Beyer Hawthorne L. , Iribarrem Alvaro , Brancalion Pedro H. S. , Chazdon Robin L. , Lindenmayer David B. , Strassburg Bernardo B. N. , Guariguata Manuel R. , Crouzeilles Renato 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNatural forest regrowth is a cost‐effective, nature‐based solution for biodiversity recovery, yet different socioenvironmental factors can lead to variable outcomes. A critical knowledge gap in forest restoration planning is how to predict where natural forest regrowth is likely to lead to high levels of biodiversity recovery, which is an indicator of conservation value and the potential provisioning of diverse ecosystem services. We sought to predict and map landscape‐scale recovery of species richness and total abundance of vertebrates, invertebrates, and plants in tropical and subtropical second‐growth forests to inform spatial restoration planning. First, we conducted a global meta‐analysis to quantify the extent to which recovery of species richness and total abundance in second‐growth forests deviated from biodiversity values in reference old‐growth forests in the same landscape. Second, we employed a machine‐learning algorithm and a comprehensive set of socioenvironmental factors to spatially predict landscape‐scale deviation and map it. Models explained on average 34% of observed variance in recovery (range 9–51%). Landscape‐scale biodiversity recovery in second‐growth forests was spatially predicted based on socioenvironmental landscape factors (human demography, land use and cover, anthropogenic and natural disturbance, ecosystem productivity, and topography and soil chemistry); was significantly higher for species richness than for total abundance for vertebrates (median range‐adjusted predicted deviation 0.09 vs. 0.34) and invertebrates (0.2 vs. 0.35) but not for plants (which showed a similar recovery for both metrics [0.24 vs. 0.25]); and was positively correlated for total abundance of plant and vertebrate species (Pearson r = 0.45, p = 0.001). Our approach can help identify tropical and subtropical forest landscapes with high potential for biodiversity recovery through natural forest regrowth.
Post‐release comparisons of amphibian growth reveal challenges with sperm cryopreservation as a conservation tool
Authors: Poo Sinlan , Bogisich Allison , Mack Mariah , Lynn Bryan K. , Devan‐Song Anne 
Published: October 2021

AbstractConservation translocation using captive‐bred individuals has become increasingly important for species restoration. Despite advancements in technologies for captive‐breeding, such as gamete cryopreservation, it remains largely unknown if these artificially‐produced offspring can be used to establish a viable wild population. Using an amphibian species with a stable conservation status (Anaxyrus fowleri), we measured the post‐release growth and survivorship of offspring produced from frozen/thawed sperm and projected fecundity and population differences. Cryo‐derived tadpoles and post‐metamorphic toadlets were smaller than their natural counterparts. Model projections show that early‐life differences in growth can scale up to substantial differences in final life fecundity and population trends. Our findings call for greater attention towards the differences between captive‐bred and cryo‐derived individuals compared to their natural counterparts, and the need for more investment into developing cryopreservation technologies that are viable at the population level for conservation translocation.
Glucokinase activation leads to an unsustained hypoglycaemic effect with hepatic triglyceride accumulation in db/db mice
Authors: Kawata Shinichiro , Nakamura Akinobu , Miyoshi Hideaki , Yang Kelaier , Shigesawa Ikumi , Yamauchi Yuki , Tsuchida Kazuhisa , Omori Kazuno , Takahashi Kiyohiko , Nomoto Hiroshi , Kameda Hiraku , Cho Kyu Yong , Terauchi Yasuo , Atsumi Tatsuya 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimTo investigate how subchronic administration of a glucokinase activator (GKA) results in attenuation of the hypoglycaemic effect in the diabetic condition.Materials and MethodsSix‐week‐old db/db mice were fed standard chow containing a GKA or the sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor ipragliflozin for 1, 6, 14 or 28 days. We performed histological evaluation and gene expression analysis of the pancreatic islets and liver after each treatment and compared the results to those in untreated mice.ResultsThe unsustained hypoglycaemic effect of GKAs was reproduced in db/db mice in conjunction with significant hepatic fat accumulation. The initial reactions to treatment with the GKA in the liver were upregulation of the gene expression of carbohydrate response element‐binding protein beta (Chrebp‐b) and downregulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (Pepck) on day 1. Subsequently, the initial changes in Chrebp‐b and Pepck disappeared and increases in the expression of genes involved in lipogenesis, including acetyl‐CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthase, were observed. There were no significant changes in the pancreatic β cells nor in hepatic insulin signalling.ConclusionsThe GKA showed an unsustained hypoglycaemic effect and promoted hepatic fat accumulation in db/db mice. Dynamic changes in the expression of hepatic genes involved in lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis could affect the unsustained hypoglycaemic effect of the GKA despite no changes in pancreatic β‐cell function and mass.
Setting priorities for climate change adaptation of Critical Sites in the Africa‐Eurasian waterbird flyways
Authors: Breiner Frank T. , Anand Mira , Butchart Stuart H. M. , Flörke Martina , Fluet‐Chouinard Etienne , Guisan Antoine , Hilarides Lammert , Jones Victoria R. , Kalyakin Mikhail , Lehner Bernhard , van Leeuwen Merijn , Pearce‐Higgins James W. , Voltzit Olga , Nagy Szabolcs 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDespite their importance for biodiversity and ecosystem services, wetlands are among the most threatened ecosystems globally. The conservation of many migratory waterbirds depends on the conservation of a network of key sites along their flyways. However, the suitability of these sites is changing under climate change, and it is important that management of individual sites in the network adapts to these changes. Using bioclimatic models that also account for changes in inundation, we found that projected climate change will reduce habitat suitability for waterbirds at 57.5% of existing Critical Sites within Africa‐Eurasia, varying from 20.1% in Eastern Europe to 87.0% in Africa. African and Middle East sites are particularly threatened, comprising 71 of the 100 most vulnerable sites. By highlighting priority sites for conservation and classifying Critical Sites into Climate Change Adaptation Strategy (CCAS) classes, our results can be used to support the climate change adaptation of both individual sites and the entire site network.
Fire disturbance promotes biodiversity of plants, lichens and birds in the Siberian subarctic tundra
Authors: Heim Ramona J. , Heim Wieland , Bültmann Helga , Kamp Johannes , Rieker Daniel , Yurtaev Andrey , Hölzel Norbert 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFire shapes the world's terrestrial ecosystems and has been influencing biodiversity patterns for millennia. Anthropogenic drivers alter fire regimes. Wildfires can amplify changes in the structure, biodiversity and functioning of the fast‐warming tundra ecosystem. However, there is little evidence available, how these fires affect species diversity and community composition of tundra ecosystems over the long term. We studied long‐term fire effects on community composition and diversity at different trophic levels of the food web in the subarctic tundra of Western Siberia. In a space‐for‐time approach we compared three large fire scars (>44, 28 and 12 years old) to unburnt controls. We found that diversity (measured as species richness, Shannon index and evenness) of vascular and non‐vascular plants and birds was strongly affected by fire, with the greatest species richness of plants and birds for the intermediate‐age fire scar (28 years). Species composition of plants and birds still differed from that of the control >44 years after fire. Increased deciduous shrub cover was related to species richness of all plants in a hump‐shaped manner. The proportion of southern (taiga) bird species was highest in the oldest fire scar, which had the highest shrub cover. We conclude that tundra fires have long‐term legacies with regard to species diversity and community composition. They may also increase landscape‐scale species richness and facilitate range expansions of more southerly distributed species to the subarctic tundra ecosystem.
Early walking time is associated with recovery of activities of daily living during hospitalization in older patients with community‐acquired pneumonia: A single‐center prospective study
Authors: Woo Hyunjae , Aoki Hideki , Kataoka Hideki , Yamashita Junichiro , Yoshitake Takatoshi , Morishita Tatsuya , Tanaka Takako , Ishimatsu Yuji , Kozu Ryo 
Published: October 2021

AimPneumonia is a common disease with a high mortality rate among older adults that is associated with a decline in activities of daily living (ADL) during hospitalization. The aims of this study were to investigate the following: (i) early physical activity time among older patients hospitalized with community‐acquired pneumonia; and (ii) the association of physical activity time with the recovery of ADL.MethodsA prospective observational study was carried out in patients aged ≥65 years hospitalized with community acquired pneumonia. We measured the time spent standing and walking as physical activity time using the activPAL accelerometer from the third to the ninth day of admission. Patients underwent rehabilitation during their hospitalization, and rehabilitation effectiveness was calculated using the motor Functional Independence Measure on admission and at day 10. We used stepwise multiple regression to examine the relationship between physical activity time and rehabilitation effectiveness.ResultsA total of 87 patients were included in the analysis. Median (interquartile range) physical activity time was 69 min/day (43–103 min/day). In the multiple regression model, a greater daily walking time, higher cognitive and physical function, and ADL at admission were independently associated with rehabilitation effectiveness (adjusted R2 = 0.32, P < 0.0001). For every increase of 10 min/day of walking time, ADL improved by 7.8% (B = 7.8, 95% CI 1.3–14.2, P = 0.02).ConclusionsOlder patients hospitalized with community‐acquired pneumonia have low levels of physical activity, and increasing early walking time might be an effective strategy to accelerate the recovery of ADL. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 1099–1104.
The burden of seasonal influenza in Italy: A systematic review of influenza‐related complications, hospitalizations, and mortality
Authors: Giacchetta Irene , Primieri Chiara , Cavalieri Riccardo , Domnich Alexander , de Waure Chiara 
Published: October 2021

AbstractReliable country‐specific data on influenza burden play a crucial role in informing prevention and control measures. Our purpose was to provide a comprehensive summary of the available evidence on the burden of seasonal influenza in Italy. We performed a systematic literature review of articles published until July 31, 2020. PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched using terms related to burden, influenza, and Italian population. We included studies investigating seasonal influenza‐related complications, hospitalizations, and/or mortality. Sixteen studies were included: eight (50%) analyzed influenza‐related complications, eight (50%) hospitalizations, and seven (43.8%) influenza‐related deaths. Only three studies (19.7%) concerned pediatric age. The synthesis of results showed that patients with chronic conditions have an increased risk for complications up to almost three times as compared with healthy people. Hospitalizations due to influenza can occur in as much as 5% of infected people depending on the study setting. Excess deaths rates were over sixfold higher in the elderly as compared with the rest of population. Although there are still gaps in existing data, there is evidence of the significant burden that influenza places each year especially on high‐risk groups. These data should be used to inform public health decision‐making.
Imaging of pediatric nasal masses: A review
Authors: Cunha Bruno , Kuroedov Danila , Conceição Carla 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSeveral conditions may present as nasal masses in pediatric age, including congenital and developmental disorders, inflammatory and infectious conditions, neoplastic and neoplastic‐like lesions, and other miscellaneous disorders. A confident presurgical diagnosis can be challenging and imaging is often key in the management of these lesions. We provide a pictorial review of pediatric nasal masses and discuss a location‐based approach to the diagnosis of these lesions on imaging studies. Acquaintance with the most common pathologies and awareness for its characteristic imaging features can aid the physician in the differential diagnosis. Location and extension of the lesion can be particularly helpful. Midline masses raise suspicion for developmental nasal midline lesions, including frontoethmoidal cephalocele, dermoid/epidermoid cyst, and neuroglial heterotopia. In case of trauma, nasal septum hematoma/abscess should be considered. Developmental or odontogenic cystic lesions and osseous neoplasms and neoplasm‐like lesions can originate from the maxilla and palate. Although most nasal tumors show overlapping imaging characteristics, some have suggestive features, such as nasopharyngeal angiofibroma and esthesioneuroblastoma. Malignant tumors tend to be locally aggressive, demonstrating invasive features, bony erosion, intermediate signal on T2‐weighted images, and restricted diffusion on diffusion‐weighted imaging. In certain cases, a definite diagnosis can only be made histologically. Nonetheless, detailed characterization of the lesion is crucial prior to invasive procedures in order to avoid complications.
Quality of life of caregivers of end‐stage kidney disease patients: Caregivers or care recipients?
Authors: Vovlianou Stavroula , Koutlas Vasilios , Ikonomou Margarita , Vassilikopoulos Theodore , Papoulidou Fani , Dounousi Evangelia 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundEnd‐stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients require specific and continuous care, which affects caregivers' quality of life (QOL). It is necessary to define the basic problems and restrictions upon family caregivers of renal patients affecting their physical and psychological status.ObjectivesThe main objectives of this narrative review were to examine the literature over the past 10 years, to describe factors associated with QOL of caregivers of patients with ESKD, and to identify the level of subjective burden reported by caregivers.MethodsA literature search was carried out using the following electronic databases: PubMed, Medscape, Science Direct, Scopus, PsychINFO and other scientific sources. Keywords included 'quality of life', 'caregivers', 'end stage kidney or renal disease patients', 'burden' and a combination of these terms. Only studies from January 2010 to December 2020 were included in this study.ResultsThe results found that there was significant burden and distress experienced by caregivers that affected their QOL. Patients' QOL is associated with caregivers' QOL. The hours of caring per day and the long‐term replacement therapy are associated with great burden.ConclusionsMore awareness to caregivers' QOL is required to meet their needs, reduce anxiety and to improve patients' QOL. Caregiver support could empower and prepare them for initiation of replacement therapy. This can potentially enhance their diseased family members' QOL and could also restrict the use of health care system resources. Given how difficult it is to conceptualize QOL, a holistic approach to patients and caregivers require QOL assessment in each stage of the kidney disease.
Patient centered dental home: Building a framework for dental quality measurement and improvement
Authors: Reynolds Julie C. , Damiano Peter C. , Herndon Jill Boylston 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionThis article presents results of the second phase of a project to develop a patient‐centered dental home (PCDH) model. Aims of PCDH model development include broadening the scope of prior dental home definitions to include populations across the lifespan, developing a quality measurement framework to facilitate quality assessment and improvement, and promoting opportunities for medical‐dental integration through alignment with existing PCMH models. This phase determined the components, or conceptual subdivisions, associated with a previously developed PCDH definition and characteristics.MethodsWe used a modified Delphi process to obtain structured feedback and gain consensus among the project national advisory committee (NAC). The process included a web‐based survey that asked NAC members to rank the importance of each potential component on a scale of 1–9. Criteria for consensus on component inclusion/exclusion combined a median rating and measure of disagreement. Respondents were also encouraged to provide open‐ended feedback regarding rationale for component ratings and additional suggested components.ResultsA total of 47 out of 51 members completed the survey. All 34 components met the quantitative criteria for inclusion in the PCDH model. Changes were made to components based on open‐ended feedback.ConclusionsThis project phase further developed a PCDH measurement framework that aims to guide practice transformation, quality measurement and improvement in dental care delivery, as well as integration between medicine and dentistry. Using a Delphi approach with a broad group of stakeholders ensured that components had face validity and were conceptually aligned with the PCDH definition and characteristics.
Adaptive divergence in bill morphology and other thermoregulatory traits is facilitated by restricted gene flow in song sparrows on the California Channel Islands
Authors: Gamboa Maybellene P. , Ghalambor Cameron K. , Scott Sillett T. , Morrison Scott A. , Chris Funk W. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDisentangling the effects of neutral and adaptive processes in maintaining phenotypic variation across environmental gradients is challenging in natural populations. Song sparrows (Melospiza melodia) on the California Channel Islands occupy a pronounced east‐west climate gradient within a small spatial scale, providing a unique opportunity to examine the interaction of genetic isolation (reduced gene flow) and the environment (selection) in driving variation. We used reduced representation genomic libraries to infer the role of neutral processes (drift and restricted gene flow) and divergent selection in driving variation in thermoregulatory traits with an emphasis on the mechanisms that maintain bill divergence among islands. Analyses of 22,029 neutral SNPs confirm distinct population structure by island with restricted gene flow and relatively large effective population sizes, suggesting bill differences are probably not a product of genetic drift. Instead, we found strong support for local adaptation using 3294 SNPs in differentiation‐based and environmental association analyses coupled with genome‐wide association tests. Specifically, we identified several putatively adaptive and candidate loci in or near genes involved in bill development pathways (e.g., BMP, CaM, Wnt), confirming the highly complex and polygenic architecture underlying bill morphology. Furthermore, we found divergence in genes associated with other thermoregulatory traits (i.e., feather structure, plumage colour, and physiology). Collectively, these results suggest strong divergent selection across an island archipelago results in genomic changes in a suite of traits associated with climate adaptation over small spatial scales. Future research should move beyond studying univariate traits to better understand multidimensional responses to complex environmental conditions.
Role of internalin proteins in the pathogenesis of Listeria monocytogenes
Authors: Ireton Keith , Mortuza Roman , Gyanwali Gaurav Chandra , Gianfelice Antonella , Hussain Mazhar 
Published: October 2021

AbstractListeria monocytogenes is a food‐borne bacterium that causes gastroenteritis, meningitis, or abortion. L. monocytogenes induces its internalization (entry) into human cells and either spreads laterally in tissues or transcytoses to traverse anatomical barriers. In this review, we discuss mechanisms by which five structurally related proteins of the “internalin” family of L. monocytogenes (InlA, InlB, InlC, InlF, and InlP) interact with distinct host receptors to promote infection of human cells and/or crossing of the intestinal, blood–brain, or placental barriers. We focus on recent results demonstrating that the internalin proteins InlA, InlB, and InlC exploit exocytic pathways to stimulate transcytosis, entry, or cell‐to‐cell spread, respectively. We also discuss evidence that InlA‐mediated transcytosis contributes to traversal of the intestinal barrier, whereas InlF promotes entry into endothelial cells to breach the blood–brain barrier. InlB also facilitates the crossing of the blood–brain barrier, but does so by extending the longevity of infected monocytes that may subsequently act as a “Trojan horse” to transfer bacteria to the brain. InlA, InlB, and InlP each contribute to fetoplacental infection by targeting syncytiotrophoblast or cytotrophoblast layers of the placenta. This work highlights the diverse functions of internalins and the complex mechanisms by which these structurally related proteins contribute to disease.