bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Exogenous Abscisic acid (ABA) on the Morphology, Phytohormones, and Related Gene Expression of Developing Lateral Roots in ‘Qingzhen 1’
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyun , Tahir Muhammad Mobeen , Li Shaohuan , Tang Ting , Mao Jiangping , Li Ke , Yang Weiwei , Shao Yun , Niu Jianxin , Zhang Dong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Lateral roots (LRs) are critical for plant stress tolerance and productivity. Understanding how hormones and genes interact in a fluctuating environment to coordinate LR development is a major challenge. Abscisic acid (ABA) is the primary stress-responsive hormone and mediates LR development in various plant species. However, the effect of exogenous ABA on LR development has not been elucidated in apple. In this study, ‘Qingzhen 1’ was treated with exogenous 5 µM ABA for 20 days to investigate the regulation mechanism of ABA on LR development. Morphological observations advocated that ABA inhibited both LR and shoot development in ‘Qingzhen 1’ apple plants, where the root number was 16.94%, the root length was 30.32%, the plant height was 10.88%, and the stem thickness was 8.08% lower than those in the control plants. Meanwhile, the endogenous ABA concentration was significantly increased, but the indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), zeatin riboside (ZR), and jasmonic acid (JA) concentrations were significantly decreased with ABA treatment. Furthermore, the expression levels of ABA-related genes (MdCYP707A2, MdABI1, MdAREB2, and MdABF3) were significantly upregulated, while the expression levels of auxin-related genes (MdYUCCA3, MdYUCCA8, MdPIN1 MdPIN2, MdPIN3, and MdARF19), root development-related genes (MdWOX5 and MdWOX11), and cell cycle-related genes (MdCYCD1;1 and MdCYCD3;1) were significantly downregulated at the early stage of ABA treatment, which act together on the inhibition of LR development. Taken together, the changes in hormone levels and gene expression resulted in inhibited LR development of apple plants in response to ABA.
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Multidisciplinary Diagnostic Evaluations for Children and Adolescents With a Neurodevelopmental Disorder.
Authors: Cloet Eva , Anna Jansen , Mark Leys 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Introduction Since the end of 2019, measures have been taken to control the spread of COVID-19. The effects of the pandemic-related precautionary measures on children with developmental disorders require specific attention as these children have greater healthcare needs and mental health concerns, and depend on community-based services for support. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, adequate access to multidisciplinary diagnostic evaluations for children and adolescents with suspected developmental disorders was already problematic. This article aims to explore the impact of the policy measures in response to the COVID-19 pandemic on the accessibility, changes in working processes and action strategies after the first lockdown period. Methods A rapid response study was done after the first wave of the virus in Belgium. A questionnaire with open-ended questions was sent out to respondents of all centers for ambulatory rehabilitation, autism reference centers and centers for developmental disorders, three types of organizations identified as main providers of diagnostic evaluations for children and adolescents. Qualitative data were thematically analyzed in an iterative process including researcher triangulation.Results The response rate was 0.60. All centers reported an impact of COVID-19-related policy measures on accessibility, working processes, working practices, workload, planning, and time management, as well as on the quality of the diagnostic assessments and the contacts with clients. Suggestions to decrease the impact of the pandemic-related measures on the care trajectories of children with (suspected) developmental disorder include the definition of priority groups, a temporary increase of public financing to expand team capacity, a less rigid application of regulatory restrictions as well as a temporary assignment stop.Conclusion The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic reinforced the problem of accessibility of multidisciplinary diagnostic evaluations for children suspected of a neurodevelopmental disorder. The organization of health services should guarantee optimal care trajectories for all vulnerable children. Accessibility problems can be reduced by providing “bridging care”, helping children and families with needs to overcome “gaps” of care and support during waiting periods. In the long term, an in-depth exploration of mechanisms that strengthen interorganisational collaboration is required to structurally optimize the capacity and accessibility to care for children with suspected neurodevelopmental disorders.
A Simple Model for Simulating Infiltration in Two-Layer Soil Slope during Unsteady Rainfall and its Application in Slope Stability Analysis
Authors: Li Shaohong , Zhang Shixin , Liu Guoguo , Zhu Shuairun 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Based on the Darcy's law and water balanceprinciple,some infiltration models have been proposed,but most of these models are not suitable for simulating infiltration into layered soils during unsteady rainfall. In this paper, a simple modelfor simulating water infiltration into the two-layer soil slopesduring unsteadyrainfallwasproposed, combined with the limit equilibrium methodto analyze the stability of thetwo-layer soil slope.The water infiltration rate of slopes depends on rainfall intensity and the actual infiltration capacity of soils. The proposedmodelhas been successfully applied to three cases (steady rainfall and homogeneous slope, unsteady rainfall and homogeneous slope,unsteady rainfall and two-layer soil slope), and it can be also combined with probabilistic methods to calculate the failure probability of slopes.Compared with the Richards model, the combination of the proposed model and the random field method can quickly obtain the failure probability of the slope.
Super-Enhancer-Associated TMEM44-AS1 Aggravated Glioma Progression by Forming a Positive Feedback Loop With Myc
Authors: Bian Erbao , Chen Xueran , Cheng Li , Cheng Meng , Chen Zhigang , Yue Xiaoyu , Zhang Zhengwei , Chen Jie , Sun Libo , Huang Kebing , Huang Cheng , Fang Zhiyou , Zhao Bing , Li Jun 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BackgroundLong non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been considered as one type of gene expression regulator for cancer development, but it is not clear how these are regulated. This study aimed to identify a specific lncRNA that promotes the glioma progression.MethodsRNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and quantitative real-time PCR were performed to screen differentially expressed genes. CCK-8, transwell migration, invasion assays and a mouse xenograft model were performed to determine the functions of TMEM44-AS1. Co-IP, ChIP, Dual-luciferase reporter assays, RNA pulldown and RNA immunoprecipitation assays were performed to study the molecular mechanism of TMEM44-AS1 and the downstream target.ResultsWe identified a novel lncRNA TMEM44-AS1, which was aberrantly expressed in glioma tissues, and that increased TMEM44-AS1 expression was correlated with malignant progression and poor survival for patients with glioma. Expression of TMEM44-AS1 increased the proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion of glioma cells. Knockdown of TMEM44-AS1 in glioma cells reduced cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion, and tumor growth in a nude mouse xenograft model. Mechanistically, TMEM44-AS1 is directly bound to the SerpinB3, and sequentially activated Myc signaling; Myc transcriptionally induced TMEM44-AS1 and directly bound to the promoter and super-enhancer of TMEM44-AS1, thus forming a positive feedback loop with TMEM44-AS. Further studies demonstrated that Myc interacts with MED1 regulates the super-enhancer of TMEM44-AS1. More importantly, a novel small-molecule Myc inhibitor, Myci975, alleviated TMEM44-AS1-promoted the growth of glioma cells. Finally, TMEM44-AS1 activated IL-6 signaling by recruiting EGR1 to the promoter of IL-6 in glioma cells. ConclusionsOur study implicates a crucial role of the TMEM44-AS1-Myc axis in glioma progression and provides a possible anti-glioma therapeutic agent.
Huge Cystadenocarcinoma of the Ovary Disguising as Degenerating Uterine Fibroid in Pregnancy: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Ande Adedapo , Isikhuemen Maradona , Kubeyinje Weyinmi , Ezeanochie Michael 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Ovarian malignancy is rare in pregnancy and constitutes 3 – 6% of all ovarian tumours associated with pregnancy. It is usually asymptomatic, detected during routine antenatal ultrasound scan. Treatment is mainly surgical. The aim of this report is to share our experience in the management of a referred case of papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary disguising as degenerating uterine fibroid in pregnancy. The diagnostic challenges and treatment are highlighted with a view to improving care in our setting.Case presentation: A 29 year old gravida 2 para 1 with one living child was referred to our unit at 25 weeks gestation with complaint of progressive painful abdominal distension with dyspnoea noticed in the index pregnancy. Ultrasound scans were suggestive of uterine fibroid in pregnancy with degenerative changes for which she had conservative management. Due to worsening symptoms, she had laparotomy and a huge ovarian mass was removed alongside the affected ovary. Histology confirmed Serous Papillary Cyst Adenocarcinoma of the ovary. She is doing well on adjuvant chemotherapy. Conclusion: A high index of suspicion for ovarian malignancies in pregnancy, coupled with complementing MRI (when available) with ultrasound to differentiate degenerating uterine fibroids is suggested/recommended.
Cell isolation and Organoid Culture from Mouse Liver and Small Intestine
Authors: Chen Wenyi , Yao Qigu , Wang Ruo , Xu Yanping , Yu Jiong , Wu Jian , Li Lanjuan , Cao Hongcui 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Organoid culture enables disease modeling and drug screening in vitro. Organoids are from organs (e.g., brain, small intestine, kidney, lung, and liver). To facilitate the establishment of liver and small-intestinal organoids, we developed a protocol for collecting cholangiocytes and crypts and culturing organoids.Methods: Cholangiocytes were collected from intrahepatic bile ducts, gallbladder, and crypts from the small intestine using gravity settling and multi-step centrifugation methods, and embedded in Matrigel to grow into three-dimensional spheroids in suitable culture medium. Passaging, cryopreservation, and thawing were performed to assess organoid cell stability. RNA and DNA extraction, as well as immunostaining procedure were optimized. For preclinical modeling, the growth rate of cholangiocyte organoids (cho-orgs) was harmonized.Results: Large amount of Cholangiocytes and small intestine crypts were collected. Cholangiocytes developed into cyst-like structures after 3–4 days in Matrigel. After culture for 1–2 weeks, small-intestinal organoids developed buds and formed a mature structure. Cho-orgs from intrahepatic bile ducts grew more slowly but were longer lasting, expressed the cholangiocyte markers Krt19 and Krt7, and recapitulated the in vivo tissue organization.Conclusions: The protocol takes 2–4 weeks to establish a stable organoid growth system. Organoids could be stably passaged, cryopreserved, and recovered. The organoids retained tissue characteristics, including marker expression.
Quantification of KRAS Gene Mutations in the Resection or Venous Margins of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinomas Is Not Predictive of Disease Recurrence
Authors: Amintas Samuel , Fernandez Benjamin , Chauvet Alexandre , Chiche Laurence , Laurent Christophe , Belleannée Geneviève , Marty Marion , Buscail Etienne , dabernat sandrine 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients eligible for curative surgery undergo unpredictable disease relapse. Post-surgery tools’ prognostic value is insufficient. Even patients with good pathological response after neo-adjuvant treatment (NAT) remain susceptible to recurrent PDAC. Molecular analysis of R0 margins may identify patients with worse prognosis. Methods: Retrospective analysis of patients, either eligible for up-font surgery (UFS, n=17) or resected patients who underwent NAT with good pathological responses (n=18), collected progression-free and overall survivals 33 months ±17 months post-surgery and examined the molecular status of mutant KRAS by droplet digital PCR.Results: Expectedly, KRAS mutant allele frequencies (MAF) were higher in UFS than in NAT tumor tissues or remnants, and in the ypT1 than the ypT0 tumors in the NAT group. Mutant KRAS positivity or MAFs in margins did not identify patients with detectable pathological disease in the NAT group, nor was it predictive of shorter recurrence-free or overall survival within or between groups. KRAS-double positivity in both venous and tumor resection margins did not identify patients with worse prognosis, regardless of the groups.Conclusion: The cohorts ‘sizes were small due to limited numbers of patients meeting the inclusion criteria, but KRAS-positivity or MAFs in resection and venous margins did not carry prognostic value. Comparison of margins from good versus bad responders receiving NAT may carry a better clinical value.Trial registration: The up-front surgery, PANC-CTC, cohort was granted French Ministry of Research “Comité de Protection des Personnes, CPP” approval under the number 2016-A00431-50. Its clinical trial number is #NCT03032913. The Neoadjuvant Therapy (NAT) good responder cohort was retrospectively registered. Patients ‘consents were collected and the study was declared and approved by Bordeaux University Hospital ethic comity.
WITHDRAWN: Thermal Evolution of Andean Iron Oxide-Apatite (IOA) Deposits as Revealed by Magnetite Thermometry
Authors: Palma Gisella , Reich Martin , Barra Fernando , Ovalle J. Tomás , Real Irene , Simon Adam C. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Magnetite is the main constituent of iron oxide–apatite (IOA) deposits, which are a globally important source of Fe and other elements such as P and REE, critical for modern technologies. Geochemical studies of magnetite from IOA deposits have provided key insights into the ore-forming processes and source of mineralizing fluids. However, to date, only qualitative estimations have been obtained for one of the key controlling physico-chemical parameters, i.e., the temperature of magnetite formation. Here we reconstruct the thermal evolution of Andean IOA deposits by using magnetite thermometry. Our study comprised a >3000 point geochemical dataset of magnetite from several IOA deposits within the Early Cretaceous Chilean Iron Belt, as well as from the Pliocene El Laco IOA deposit in the Chilean Altiplano. Thermometry data reveal that the deposits formed under a wide range of temperatures, from purely magmatic (~1000–800 °C), to late magmatic or magmatic-hydrothermal (~800–600 °C), to purely hydrothermal (<600 °C) conditions. Magnetite cooling trends are consistent with genetic models invoking a combined igneous and magmatic-hydrothermal origin that involve Fe-rich fluids sourced from intermediate silicate magmas. The data demonstrate the potential of magnetite thermometry to better constrain the thermal evolution of IOA systems worldwide, and help refine the geological models used to find new resources.
Anterolateral Necrotic Lesion Serves as an Early Warning Sign of Developing Collapse in Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head
Authors: Wei Qiu-Shi , He Min-Cong , He Xiao-Ming , Lin Tian-Ye , Yang Peng , Chen Zhen-Qiu , Zhang Qing-Wen , He Wei 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objective: Load bearing capacity of the bone structure of anterolateral weight-bearing area plays an important role in the progressive collapse in osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). The purpose of this study is to assess the efficacy of combined evaluation of anteroposterior (AP) and frog-leg lateral (FLL) view to diagnose collapse.Methods: Between December 2016 to August 2018, a total of 478 hips from 372 patients with ONFH (268 men, 104 women; mean age 37.9±11.4 years) were retrospectively evaluated. All patients received standard AP and FLL views of hip joints. Japanese Investigation Committee (JIC) classification system was used to classified necrotic lesion in AP view. Anterior necrotic lesion was evaluated by FLL view. All patients with precollapse ONFH underwent non-operative hip preserving therapy. The collapse rate was calculated and compared with Kaplan–Meier survival analysis with radiological collapse as endpoints.Results: Forty-four (44/478, 9.2%) hips were classified as type A, 65 (65/478, 13.6%) as type B, 232 (232/478, 48.5%) as type C1, and 137 (137/478, 28.7%) as type C2. Three hundred cases (300/478, 62.5%) were collapsed at the initial time point. Two hundred and twenty six (226/300, 75.3%) hips and 298 (298/300, 99.3%) hips collapse were identified with AP view and FLL view, respectively. An average follow-up of 37.0±32.0 months was conducted to evaluate the occurence of collapse in 178 precollapse hips. During follow-up period, collapse occurred in 89 hips (50.0%). Seventy-seven (77/89, 86.5%) hips was determined with AP view alone and 85 (85/89, 95.5%) hips were determined with combination of AP and FLL views. The collapse rate at five years were reported as 0% and 0%, 16.2% and 24.3%, 58.3% and 68.1%, and 100% and 100% according to combination of AP and FLL views or AP view alone for types A, B, C1, and C2, respectively.Conclusion: The collapse can be diagnosed more accurately by combination of AP and FLL views. Besides, JIC type A and type B ONFH can be treated with conservative hip preservation, but precollapse type C2 ONFH should be treated with joint-preserving surgery. Type C1 needs further study to determine which subtype has potential risk of collapse.
LCE Violation for the Relational to Quantum Transition
Authors: Gupta Chitradeep 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Quantization historically was never as much a problem as it was a solution to a problem and the problem was the failure of the classical material evolution statement. Under the axiomatic assumption that quantum theory is founded in Heisenberg’s principle and Feynman’s evolution we show that the QM path integral exists at the negation of the evolution of local conservation of energy(LCE) which in its presence fails with arbitrarily many interference terms. Along with LCE violation we uncover another GR-QM contradiction between the local arrow of time and the uncertainty principle. Every contradiction ∼ (p)∩(q) is also a transition in p changing to q. The problem is GR is also caught up in an implication trail and cannot go through multiple parallel changes for LCE violation in presence of the QM path integral. To improve the recovery we go to an alternate projection of GR that has a set of independent frame invariant statements with a Lorentz invariant distinction of space and time.
Effect of napping on a bean bag chair on sleep stage, muscle activity, and heart rate variability
Authors: Nishida Masaki , Ichinose Atsushi , Murata Yusuke , Shioda Kohei 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Although ample evidence has demonstrated that daytime napping is beneficial for health and cognitive performance, bedding for napping has not yet been scientifically investigated. In this study, we assessed the effect of a bean bag chair (BC), which would automatically adjust according to body shape and size, on daytime napping and physiological parameters related to sleep, such as electroencephalogram (EEG), electromyogram (EMG), and heart rate variability (HRV). Fourteen healthy participants were enrolled within the context of a randomized, single-blind, crossover study to evaluate the effects of a BC in comparison with those of a urethane chair manufactured to have a similar shape (UR). EEG analyses revealed no significant differences in sleep architecture or frequency components; however, a significant decrease was found in EMG recordings in the trapezius muscle, which represents the neck region (p = 0.024). Additionally, a significant main effect of bedding in the LF/RF ratio (F [1, 20] = 4.314, p = 0.037) was revealed. These results suggest that napping with a BC may provide a comfortable napping environment involving muscle relaxation and proper regulation of autonomic nervous function.
Fascia Repair With Vicryl Suture in 636 Urologic Surgeries
Authors: Rad Hamed Mohseni , Ghazi Ahmad 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objective: The procedure for closing the fascia after surgery should be quick, easy, and persistent, yet comfortable for the patient. Polydioxanone thread is not widely available in Iran and we use Vicryl kind instead for almost all patients. This study was conducted in two years from January 2018 to January 2020 at Imam Reza and Imam Khomeini Medical Center in Ardabil. Fascia was treated with Vicryl suture of 0 or 1 in a double layer and in continues form for all patients in the Urology Department.Results: 636 patients were evaluated in these two years. The fascia healing was at the site of inguinal, midline Gibson and flank. The fascia relief is bilaterally treated with Vicryl suture and continuously in all urologic surgeries with a very low rate of wound infection and hernia at the place of operation. At the same time, the amount of pain at the place of operation and the formation of sinus sores is very low.
Semi-Supervised Generative and Discriminative Adversarial Learning for Motor Imagery-based Brain–Computer Interface
Authors: Ko Wonjun , Jeon Eunjin , Yoon Jee Seok , Suk Heung-Il 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Convolutional neural networks (CNNs), which can recognize structural/configuration patterns in data with different architectures, have been studied for feature extraction. However, challenges remain regarding leveraging advanced deep learning methods in BCIs. We focus on problems of small-sized training samples and interpretability of the learned parameters and leverages a semi-supervised generative and discriminative learning framework that effectively utilizes synthesized samples with real samples to discover class-discriminative features. Our framework learns the distributional characteristics of EEG signals in an embedding space using a generative model. By using artificially generated and real EEG signals, our framework finds class-discriminative spatio-temporal feature representations that help to correctly discriminate input EEG signals. It is noteworthy that the framework facilitates the exploitation of real, unlabeled samples to better uncover the underlying patterns inherent in a user’s EEG signals. To validate our framework, we conducted experiments comparing our method with conventional linear models by utilizing variants of three existing CNN architectures as generator networks and measuring the performance on three public datasets. Our framework exhibited statistically significant improvements over the competing methods. We investigated the learned network via activation pattern maps and visualized generated artificial samples to empirically justify the stability and neurophysiological plausibility of our model.