bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
OBESITY PREVALENCE ACCORDING CALCIUM STATUS IN ADOLESCENT WOMEN.
Authors: Rio Maria Esther , Felipoff Ana Lia , Zago Liliana , Piazza Norma 
Published: June 2021

Adolescence is a highly vulnerable period of life. Multiple changes occur which often translate into bad eating habits among them, shortcomings in the intake of calcium (Ca), problem which has received special attention since recent investigations have shown an association between high Ca intakes and prevention of adiposity. Here we study the influence of Ca status (CaS) on overweight and obesity in 130 adolescent females 10 to 18 years old. Diagnosis of Normality (N), Overweight (OW) and Obesity (O) was performed by IMC (WHO 2007) (N: zIMC < +1DS and >‐2DS; OW: zIMC > + 1DS; O: zIMC > +2DS) and maturity by Tanner (T). Ca status was assessed in basal urine samples by the Ca/creatinine ratio (Ca/C) using AA spetrophotometer and a commercial kit, respectively. CS was defined as: <0.07, deficiency (D); 0.07–0.15, adequate (A); > 0.15: high (H). The obese adolescents accounted for 41 % of (D) group declining to 35 % for (A) and 14 % for (E). The behavior was reverse in those with adequate BMI: 30 % of the Group (D) increasing to 46 % in (A) and 57 % in (H). Also, the average value of zIMC by range of Ca/C decrease from 1.4 + 1.30 to (D) to 1.00 + 1. 44 to (A) and 0.15 + 1.67 for (H) (global ANOVA, p= 0.0070, Tuckey p<0.01 between (D) and (H). Calcium deficiency is a risk factor for obesity, as seen in D, in addition to the Zemel findings concerning the protective effect of Calcium high intakes, as shown by E group.Supported by UBACyT B/060.
Development of medicinal food recipes including bitter gourd, fenugreek and guava for type II diabetes
Authors: Syu Kai‐lo , Tam Chick 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveUsing potential health benefits of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia), fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) and guava (Psidium guajava) as medicinal foods for the dietary management of the type II diabetes.MethodUse internet research, peer‐reviewed published papers and books that deal with antidiabetic components of these fruits and vegetables.ResultBitter gourd contains a polypeptide called gurmarin and alkaloid momordicine, the bitter component in the gourd. Fenugreek has unique dietary fiber composition and high saponin content to act as hypoglycemic and hypocholesterolemic agents in both animal and human studies. Guava leaves possess flavonoid glycosides such as pedunculagin, strictinin, and isostrictinin which are the effective constituents that have been used in clinical treatment of diabetes to improve the sensitivity of insulin. Various recipes were developed and subjected to computer nutrient analyses to insure nutritional adequacy.ConclusionThese antidiabetic components from bitter gourd, fenugreek, and guava can be incorporated into recipes with new possibilities of improve and/or prevent the Type II diabetes and/or its clinical complications.
Effects of Ecklonia cava on plasma and liver lipids, platelet aggregation and RBC membrane stability in rats fed cholesterol diets
Authors: Yeh Wan Ting , Jeon You‐Jin , Kang Young‐Hee , Kang Jung Sook 
Published: June 2021

We compared bioactivity of 10% Ecklonia cava (EC) powder, 5% extract (carbohydrase hydrolyzed product) and 3% Dieckol (EC polyphenol) in aspect of antiobese, hypolipidemic, antiplatelet and antioxidant on RBC membrane and TBARS production in rats fed cholesterol diets.The final weight with low food efficiency ratio in rats fed Dieckol was significantly decreased compared with the control (p<0.05). Plasma total cholesterol was significantly decreased in EC powder (p<0.05) and HDL‐cholesterol was significantly decreased in Dieckol (p<0.05) both compared with the control. Liver total cholesterol significantly decreased in EC powder compared with EC extract (p<0.05) and liver TG was significantly decreased in Dieckol compared with control (p<0.05). Platelet agregation both in initial slope and the maximum was significantly decreased in Dieckol compared with the control (both, p<0.05). Erythrocyte Na leak increase after AAPH treatment was significantly high in EC extract compared with other groups (p<0.05), while PRP TBARS porduction was significantly decreased in Dieckol compared with the control (p<0.05). GOT compared with the control and GPT compared with Diekol were significantly decreased in rats fed EC powder (p<0.05).In conclusion, polyphenol rich Dieckol from Ecklonia cava seems to have some favorable effects in weight gain, platelet aggregation, RBC membrane stability and lipid peroxidation, but it is not clear how it acts at this point.
Royal jelly enhances migration of human dermal fibroblasts with decreased levels of triglycerides and cholesterol in in vitro wound healing model
Authors: Kim Youngae , Yun HJ , Lee JA , Park HM , Kim SY , Cho Y 
Published: June 2021

Oral administration of royal jelly (RJ) promotes the wound healing in diabetic mice. Concerns have arisen about the efficacy of RJ on wound healing process of normal skin cells. In this study, a wound was created by scratching normal human dermal fibroblasts, one of major cells involved wound healing process. 0.1, 1.0 or 5 ug/ml RJ were promptly treated up to 48 hrs, and migration was analyzed by the closure of wound margin. Furthermore, altered levels of lipids, which is recently reported to be responsible for wound healing process, were analyzed by HPTLC. Migration of fibroblasts was peaked up to ~24hr after wounding. RJ treatment significantly accelerated migration of fibroblasts in a dose dependent manner at 8hr. Although RJ accelerated migration of fibroblasts at either 20 hr or 24hr, the efficacy of RJ was less portent than at 8hr. Among various lipid classes of fibroblasts, the levels of triglycerol and cholesterol were significantly decreased with 5 ug/ml RJ. In spite of a dose‐dependent increase of sphinganine, no altered level of sphingosine, ceramides and glucosylceramide was noted with any concentration of RJ. We demonstrate that RJ enhances migration of fibroblasts with altered levels of various lipids in the wound healing process.This work is supported by Biogreen21 grant (20090801‐060‐001‐001‐02‐00) of Rural Development Administration
Fish Egg Extract Inhibits Lysophospholipase D Activity
Authors: Son Mi Ran , Yook Hong Sun , Kim Mee Ree 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveLysophospholipase D (lysoPLD) is known to convert lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) to lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). In this study, we examined the inhibitory effect of twenty fish egg extracts, containing lipids, on bovine lysoPLD activity. The components of fish egg extracts were analysed by ESI/MS.MethodsFish eggs extracts were tested for the inhibition of lysoPLD activity, and the inhibitory action was expressed as 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50). The components of fish egg extracts were analysed by ESI/MS. polyunsaturated lysophospholipids were oxidized by enzymatic oxidation using lipoxygenase or non‐enzymatic oxidations such as HOCl oxidation or Cu2+–catalyzed oxidation.ResultsAmong twenty fish egg extracts, the most potent inhibition was expressed by Hairtail egg extract (IC50, 0.07±0.01 mg egg weight/ml), followed by extract of Spanish mackerel egg extract (0.11±0.02 mg egg weight/ml) and extract of Pacific saury egg (0.48±0.03 mg egg weight/ml). In ESI/MS analysis, major lysoPLD‐inhibitory lipid components in egg extracts were identified to be species of LPC, LPA and fatty acid. From these results, it is suggested that the strong inhibition of lysoPLD activity by fish egg extracts might be ascribed to the presence of lysophospholipids. In a separate study, enzymatic oxidation using lipoxygenase or non‐enzymatic oxidations such as HOCl oxidation or Cu2+–catalyzed oxidation enhanced the inhibitory activity to some extent, suggesting that oxidation of polyunsaturated lysophospholipids might contribute to the increase of lysoPLD‐inhibitory action.ConclusionTaken together, it is suggested that fish eggs may contain potent lipid inhibitors of lysoPLD, and that the inhibitory action of lipid inhibitors was enhanced by oxidative process.
High temperature and high pressure processed garlic improves lipid profiles in rat fed high cholesterol diet
Authors: You BoRam , Sohn Chan Wok , Kim Mi Yeon , Kim MeeRee 
Published: June 2021

Garlic contributes to protect against degenerative disease such as hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular diseases. Raw garlic has strong pungent odor, which cause to be a possible harmful or unpleasant. The aim of this study was to assess whether high temperature and high pressure processed (HTHP) garlic could differentially influence the consequences of lipid metabolism and body weight in rat.Sprague‐Dawley rat were fed either normal diet, high cholesterol diet (0.5 % cholesterol) or high cholesterol diet supplemented with 0.5% HTHP garlic for 10 weeks. Cholesterol and triglycerides in plasma and in liver were measured at the end of the experimental period. Body weight of rats fed HTHP garlic supplemented diet was decreased, being mainly derived from the reduced fat fad. Plasma total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C), triglyceride (TG) and AI (Atherogenic index) of HTHP garlic group were significantly decreased, compared to those of high cholesterol diet group. Especially, HTHP garlic remarkably decreased TC and TG level by 73% and 50%, respectively, compared to those of high cholesterol diet group whereas fecal TC and TG were significantly increased in HTHP garlic group, compared to high cholesterol diet group as well as control. The major sulfur compounds analysed by GC/MSD, were di‐2‐propenyl disulfide, 3,4‐dihydro‐3‐vinyl‐1,2‐dithiin, 2‐vinyl‐1,3‐dithiin and methyl 2‐propenyl disulfide. This present study suggested that HTHP garlic could be considered as a functional processed food improving lipid profile.
Turmeric curcuminoids (Curcuma longa L.) interacts with microRNAs in the regulation of inflammation on Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC)
Authors: Angel‐Morales Gabriela , Noratto Giuliana , Mertens‐Talcott Susanne 
Published: June 2021

The anti‐inflammatory properties of turmeric have been well‐investigated; however, the involvement of miRNAs in anti‐inflammatory properties of natural compounds has not been much investigated yet. We studied the potential protective effects of standardized curcuminoid extract (SCE) against vascular inflammation induced by lipopolysacharide (LPS) in HUVEC and investigated underlying miRNA based mechanisms. We screened miRNAs widely express on endothelial cells (miRNA 146a, miRNA 130, miRNA 126a and miRNA 155). However, only miRNA 146 clearly responded to LPS and reversal of this effect by SCE (2.5 –20 mg/L) down to 0.4 fold. miRNA 146 might be in control of Toll‐like receptor through a negative loop feedback regulation of NFK‐B activation. We analyzed the effect of SCE on NFK‐B expression and depended genes within the TLR4‐pathway which are target of miRNA146. SCE decreased the expression of NFK‐B, TRAF, IRAK1 and TLR4 by 0.6, 3.5, 1.6, and 0.84‐fold respectively. When cells were transfected with the mimic of miRNA146, SCE reversed the mimic‐induced expression of miRNA146 by 3‐fold. This indicates that the anti‐inflammatory effects of SCE are at least in part be exerted through the decrease in miRNA 146. Overall, curcuminoids showed anti‐inflammatory properties in HUVEC where a decreased of miR‐146a expression was involved in the underlying anti‐inflammatory mechanism.Grant Funding Source: ASN
Circadian regulator PER2 plays a critical role in regulating fat metabolism and the development of fatty liver disease
Authors: Pope Brittny A , Menio Jade , Deng Jian , Wheeler Michael D 
Published: June 2021

Recent reports suggest the circadian controlled genes influence key metabolic regulators. Thus, we hypothesize that deletion of the circadian regulator PER2 alters hepatic lipid metabolism in a model of fatty liver disease. C57B6/J wild type and PER2 (−/−) knockout mice were treated with choline sufficient and choline deficient diets, a unique model that causes lipid accumulation in liver. After 6 weeks liver and serum were harvested. Choline deficient diet induced significant liver lipid accumulation as reflected in H&E stained liver sections, and this increase was significantly blunted in PER2 (−/−) mice on choline deficient diet. Liver weight, liver to body weight ratios, and liver triglyceride levels also reflected this observation. Importantly, mRNA for genes involved in hepatic metabolism such as PPARƒÑ, HNF4, FOXa1 and SIRT1 were measured by real time PCR. In PER2−/− mice, PPARƒÑ and SIRT1 expression was significantly elevated in both choline sufficient and deficient diets compared to wildtype mice. Additionally, the increase in TNFƒÑ and £^IFN expression in wildtype mice fed choline deficient diet was significantly blunted in PER2−/− mice. In conclusion, these data suggest that PER2 plays a critical role in fatty acid metabolism and the development of fatty liver disease.Grant Funding Source: Internal
A Proposal to Use Golden‐Mantled Ground Squirrel (Spermaphilus lateralis) to Study Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)
Authors: Iao Mei Leng , Tam Chick F 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionNAFLD is found in humans with type 2 diabetes, obesity and other metabolic syndromes. This disease is characterized by excessive triglycerides (TG) accumulation in the liver and the elevated hepatic triglyceride synthesis, whereas the liver is unable to eliminate the extra lipid at adequate rate. Insulin resistance is strongly related to this disease. Lipid peroxidation and proinflammatory cytokines can initiate liver cell injury and death. The ground squirrels possess a weight‐gain (feeding state) in summer and a weight‐loss state during hibernation. In weight‐gain phrase, insulin peaks with the maximum weight, and insulin resistance also occurs at this interval.ResultDuring the weight gain phrase, the total serum cholesterol and LDL + VLDL levels increased significantly and continued to rise until the end of hibernation. The liver enzymes, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were at their highest levels at this phrase.ConclusionDuring the period when maximum weight increase is necessary for the species to endure the hibernation, they experience a set of conditions that are similar to the characteristics of metabolic syndrome. The elevated AST and ALT levels might indicate liver is under stress (inflammation), whereas mobilization of the LDL and VLDL from the liver were related to lipid storages in the adipose tissue, on the contrary to the humans who suffered from the metabolic syndrome, the ground squirrels did not show sign of NAFLD. There is no research support this study.
Prickly pear seed extracts with antioxidant and cancer‐preventing capacity
Authors: Camarena‐Ordonez Daniel Raul , Gutierrez‐Uribe Janet , Hernandez‐Brenes Carmen , Mertens‐Talcott Susanne 
Published: June 2021

Recent studies have suggested the presence of health‐promoting compounds in prickly pear (Opuntia spp) with antioxidant, antiulcerogenic and anticancer properties. The objective of this present study was to assess the antioxidant and anticancer potential of Opuntia seeds extracts (OSE) obtained from nine underinvestigated cultivars of prickly pear. OSE yielded total phenolic values from 737–1,676.8 μg gallic acid equivalents/g of dried seed. Opuntia rastrera, one of the varieties, showed the highest concentration of phenolic compounds. The antioxidant capacity was assessed by the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay. ORAC values ranged from 17.7–41.25 μmoles Trolox equivalents/g. Polyphenolic content and antioxidant capacity of prickly pear seeds are comparable to other antioxidants fruits such as elderberry and black currant. OSE did not present toxicity on breast, prostate and colon cancer cells in a concentration range of 0.2–0.16 g/mL assessed by the MTT assay, other than for MOLT‐4 leukemia cells where growth was reduced with an IC50 value of 5 mg/mL by the O. rastrera extract. In addition, O. rastrera induced the phase II enzyme quinone reductase (QR), doubling QR activity at 0.08 g/mL. These findings suggest potential cancer‐preventing effects by inducing xenobiotic metabolism. Among the cultivars tested O. rastrera exhibited the highest potential in the prevention of carcinogenesis.Grant Funding Source: ASN
Acculturation, Diabetes Self‐Management, Cuban Americans
Authors: Vaccaro Joan A. , Gundupalli Deva , Dixon Zisca , Huffman Fatma G. 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesWe investigated the relationship among diabetes self‐management, diet and acculturation factors for 182 Cuban‐Americans (CA) (Females=110, Males=72) with type 2 diabetes (T2D).MethodsParticipants were recruited from a randomized mailing list in two counties of South Florida. Participants were screened by trained interviewers for heritage and diabetes status and signed an informed consent form. Statistical analyses used SPSS.ResultsSpeaking some English, dietary trans‐fatty acid consumption and BMI were positive predictors of the migration factor (years of life spent in the United States) explaining 29% (adjusted R2 =.290) of a stepwise linear regression model (F=23.6, p<.001). Trans fatty acid consumption and BMI accounted for 15.2 % of the model based on R2 change (F‐change = 9.45, p=0.002). Predictors of HbA1c were determined by stepwise linear regression and migration explained 10.4% (adjusted R2 =.104, F=19.5, p <.001).ConclusionsSpending a larger proportion of life in the United States was associated with higher BMI, greater trans fatty acid consumption and higher HbA1c (poorer glucose control).Supported by a grant from NIH/SCORE
Metabolic syndrome risk is associated with lower cardiovascular fitness and daily activity levels among young adults
Authors: Morrell Jesse Stabile , Quinn Timothy J , Carey Gale B , Reilly Ruth A , Burke Joanne D. 
Published: June 2021

Research related to metabolic syndrome (MbS) and chronic disease risk in young adults (18–24) is lacking. The Young Adult Health Risk Screening Initiative is an ongoing cross‐sectional investigation of chronic disease risk among students at the University of New Hampshire. We have previously reported that MbS criteria are higher in young adults with lower self‐reported levels of physical activity. To validate this finding, we examined MbS in relation to cardiovascular fitness via 1‐mile Rockport Walk Test and daily activity via 7‐day pedometer step log (n=256, 69% women). MbS criteria include abdominal obesity (waist ≥ 40 in), hypertrigylceridemia (≥ 150 mg/dl), low HDL‐C (< 40 mg/dl), hypertension (≥ 130/85 mm Hg), and elevated glucose (≥ 100 mg/dl). Mean number of MbS criteria was 1.0±0.06; mean VO2max was 48.8±.4 ml/kg·min; & mean steps per day was 9215±184. Young adults in the top quartile for cardiovascular fitness (VO2max) had lower number of MbS criteria as compared to those in lowest quartile (0.7±.1 vs. 1.3±.1, p<.05). Young adults in the lowest quartile for daily activity (steps per day) had greater number of MbS criteria as compared to those in the 2nd and 3rd quartiles (1.3±.1 vs. 0.9±.1, p=.05; 1.3±.1 vs. 0.9±.1, p<.05). These findings validate our previous work and demonstrate that fitness level and daily activity are negatively associated with MbS criteria in young, college adults.Grant Funding Source: NH Agricultural Experiment Station
Body fat correlates with metabolic and inflammatory markers in clinically healthy obese Mexican subjects
Authors: Kaufer‐Horwitz Martha , Valencia‐Barragán Karla Ivet , Saldaña Reyna , Gómez Francisco Enrique 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundObesity is characterized by metabolic alterations and low‐grade systemic inflammation. Our aim was to describe the correlation of % body fat (%BF) with metabolic and inflammatory markers in clinically healthy obese (HO) and non‐obese (HN) subjects.MethodsWe studied 18 (10 ♀ and 8 ♂) HO Mexican patients of the Obesity Clinic, age 31±5y, BMI 40.1±2.4, and 46 (39 ♀ and 7 ♂) HN subjects age 25±5y, BMI 21.5±1. They had no associated morbidity, evidence of infection, were not taking anti‐inflammatory drugs, were not pregnant or lactating & gave informed consent. Weight, height and waist circumference (WC) were assessed in triplicate by standard methods. %BF was assessed by bioimpedance. Fasting serum levels of glucose, insulin, leptin, adiponectin, TNF‐α and IL‐6 were assessed by standard methods. Student‐T test and Pearson coefficient were calculated.ResultsSubjects in HO were normoglycemic (83.4±9.8mg/dL) and hyperinsulinemic (1165±600pg/mL), with HOMA=5.82±3.4; compared to HN (glucose=78.2±7.2; insulin=392±161; HOMA=1.84±0.83); p≤0.02. Lower levels of adiponectin and higher levels of leptin, TNF‐α, IL‐6 were found in HO (p≤0.02). Positive and significant correlations were found between %BF and insulin (r=.78♀, r=.69♂), and HOMA (r=.75♀, r=.70♂), but not with glucose. Although %BF correlated with WC in men and women (r=.94, .97; p<.0001), it correlated with TNF‐alpha (r=.35) and IL‐6 (r=.44) only in women.Conclusion%BF was associated with an inflammatory profile and hyperinsulinemia in normoglycemic “healthy” obese subjects. Men seem to be more protected than women in terms of the effect of %BF on inflammation. (Partially supported by CONACYT, México)
Influence of Dietary Fatty Acid Content and Composition on Lipid Metabolism in the Syrian Hamsters
Authors: Keenan Alison Haller , Belda Benjamin J , Keyes William R , Newman John W 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionDiets rich in n3 FAs can reduce health risks associated with obesity. Currently, US Dietary Guidelines recommend consumption of a balance of SFA:MUFA:PUFA in a 1:1:1 ratio, with a PUFA n6:n3 ratio of 3:1. However, typical Western diets have an n6:n3 ratio of ~20:1. This study evaluates the response of hepatic and adipose lipid metabolism to a dietary shift in the n6:n3 ratio from 20:1 to 3:1, using either an 18:3n3 or 20:5n3/22:6n3 rich source of n3 FAs, while maintaining the recommended lipid balance.MethodsMale hamsters were raised for 12 weeks on either 12% (LF) or 40% (HF) caloric fat with a 1:1:1 SFA/MUFA/PUFA. Initial diets (0–6wks) contained 20:1 n6:n3. At 6wk, the high fat (HF) cohort was divided into 3 groups, one maintained on the initial diet, and two switched to 3:1 n6:n3 diets derived by blending dietary corn oil with either flax (HF‐fish) or fish (HF‐flax) oil. Subjects from each regimen were sacrificed at 3wk intervals. Oral glucose tolerance was assessed in each animal 1 wk prior to cull.ResultsHF diets increased body weight ~10%, but did not alter adiposity or glucose tolerance. The composition, but not content, of plasma lipids were altered by the dietary lipid regimen, with LF diets being enriched in MUFAs, and HF diets showing elevated PUFAs, reflecting the n3 lipid content of the diet.ConclusionA low fat diet enhanced hepatic lipogenesis, while the n6/n3 fatty acid balance impacts dietary lipid profiles and contributes to overall energy balance in hamsters. This project was funded by USDA CRIS 5306‐51530‐016‐00D.Grant Funding Source: USDA CRIS 5306‐51530‐016‐00D.