bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The physical evolution and biocultural adaptation indicated by the human skeletons of Donghulin site, Beijing
Authors: He Jianing , Zhao Chaohong , Yu Jincheng , Cui Tianxing , Wang Tao , Guo Jingning , Yuan Yongming , Yun Xuemei , Yang Qihuang 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Human remains recovered from the Donghulin site are key materials for the study of the physical evolution and biocultural adaptation of the North Chinese population during the early Holocene. Physical anthropological study of the skeletal remains of two Donghulin individuals shows that their craniofacial heterogeneity and diversity are comparable to that of the Upper Paleolithic population. Early Holocene is the critical period for the formation of the diagnostic craniofacial features of modern East Asian population. The dental macrowear, dental caries, and femoral midshaft diaphyseal cross section geometry suggest that the Donghulin people were undergoing a physical transformation attributable to reduced mobility and broad-spectrum diet, which is consistent with the Upper Paleolithic-Neolithic transition of lifestyle and subsistence strategy.
Bridging Sebeok and the Tartu circle
Authors: Randviir Anti , Kull Kalevi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe briefly sketch some characteristics of Thomas A. Sebeok’s program to develop semiotics and relate them to the approaches in the Tartu circle. It is not a historical, but effectively a paradigmatic insight into research in contemporary Tartu semiotics, where we can see the inevitability of cooperation between the large branches of semiotics such as bio-, socio-, and cultural semiotics that were, consciously or not, preceded by Sebeok. We take a closer look into Sebeok’s arguments in between the times when he re-introduced semiotics to contemporary audiences and when he seemingly departed from the conceptual realm of the Tartu–Moscow School of semiotics. Likewise, we aim to show how his practical engagement in “radwaste” is already acute today and demands realization of the connection between the biological and the cultural as mediated by the social.
Relationship between Molecular Orientation Relaxation during Physical Aging and Heat Resistance of Polystyrene Injection Moldings
Authors: Tao K. , Yamada K. , Higashi S. , Kago K. , Takeshita H. , Tokumitsu K. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This work examined the relationship between changes in molecular orientation and the heat resistance (heat distortion temperature) of polystyrene injection moldings following heat treatment below the glass transition temperature. Molecular orientation around the core layer of the injection moldings was found to be relaxed by the heat treatment. Also, in the untreated specimen, the molecular orientation around the core layer was relaxed from 60°C during the heating process. Since loss tangent (tanδ) also increased from 60°C during the heating process in the untreated specimen, it was considered that the increase in tanδ occurred with the molecular motion due to the relaxation of molecular orientation from 60°C. After the heat treatment, because of the relaxation of molecular orientation around the core layer by the heat treatment, the relaxation of molecular orientation from 60 °C did not occur during the subsequent heating process, and the tanδ of the polymer between 60 and 90 °C was decreased. Because this decrease in the tanδ over this temperature range improved the heat resistance of the material, the enhanced heat resistance by the heat treatment was attributed to the suppression of the relaxation of molecular orientation from 60°C during the heating process. Furthermore, relaxation of molecular orientation and enthalpy relaxation were related to improvement in the heat resistance.
Towards Human-Centered AI: Psychological concepts as foundation for empirical XAI research
Authors: Weitz Katharina 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Human-Centered AI is a widely requested goal for AI applications. To reach this is explainable AI promises to help humans to understand the inner workings and decisions of AI systems. While different XAI techniques have been developed to shed light on AI systems, it is still unclear how end-users with no experience in machine learning perceive these. Psychological concepts like trust, mental models, and self-efficacy can serve as instruments to evaluate XAI approaches in empirical studies with end-users. First results in applications for education, healthcare, and industry suggest that one XAI does not fit all. Instead, the design of XAI has to consider user needs, personal background, and the specific task of the AI system.
Phytocompounds and their molecular targets in immunomodulation: a review
Authors: Cherian Ayda , Vadivel Velmurugan , Thiruganasambandham Sundarrajan , Madhavankutty Sreejith 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Immune cells are important for the healthy function of every organ. The homeostasis of the immune system is selfregulated by T-cells, B-cells, and natural killer cells. The immunomodulation process of immune cells is part of the immunotherapy. According to therapeutic methods of immune responses are categorized as inducing (immunostimulant), amplification (immune booster), attenuation (immunomodulation), and prevention (immunosuppressive) actions. The prevalence of chronic immunological diseases like viral infections, allergies, and cancer is mainly due to the over-activation of the immune system. Further, immunomodulators are reported to manage the severity of chronic immunological disorders. Moreover, these immunomodulator-acting proteins are identified as potential molecular targets for the regulation of the immune system. Moreover, natural compound like phytocompounds are known to bind these targets and modulates the immune system. The specialized phytocompounds like curcumin, quercetin, stilbenes, flavonoids, and lignans are shown the immunomodulatory actions and ameliorate the immunological disorders. The present scenario of a COVID-19 pandemic situation has taught us the need to focus on strengthening the immune system and the development of the most promising immunotherapeutics. This review is focused on an overview of various phytocompounds and their molecular targets for the management of immunological disorders via immunosuppressants and immunostimulants actions.
Spatial cognition in landscape designations in the area of the Old European Hydronymy
Authors: Lühr Rosemarie 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Subject of the investigation are settlement names that refer to waters. These oikonyms are often the oldest. The research area is that of the Ancient European Hydronymy. The Old European hydronyms occur in Central Europe, in the Baltic region, in Southern Scandinavia, in the British Isles, in France, on the Iberian Peninsula and in Italy. The research question is, if the expression of spatial relationships in oikonyms with water words is a universal? It turns out to be also other naming strategies. The theoretical framework is Levinson’s (2008) description of spatial cognition. The connection of spatial cognition with landscape terms is new in toponomastics.
Pickering’s influence on Craigie and Hulbert’s Dictionary of American English (1936–1944)
Authors: Miyoshi Kusujiro 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The purpose of the present paper is to explore the role of John Pickering’s Vocabulary or Collection of Words and Phrases Which Have Been Supposed to Be Peculiar to the United States of America (1816) as one of the major sources of the Dictionary of American English (DAE) by William Craigie and James Hulbert (1936–1944).
“To Love the Rest of His Thoughts as Myself” – Translating Mendelssohn’s Singular Bildung
Authors: Kremnitzer Yuval 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The conceptual history of Bildung, the German term for self-formation, encapsulates the ethical revolution of modern German thought, associated with the Kantian moment and its aftermath. Reshaped in modernity to respond to a post-Kantian, critical sensibility, the modern term emphasizes the reflexive, active process of self-formation, in contrast with the medieval theological sensibility which emphasized the receptive imprint of the image of God. In this article, I unpack Moses Mendelsohn’s idiosyncratic notion of Bildung. I show that what is unique, indeed, singular in Mendelssohn’s notion of Bildung is the way it merges the traditional, theological notion with the modern one. For Mendelssohn, to imitate God is to come to value one’s contingent being. The imitation of the ideal, the most perfect, is tantamount to embracing the perfectible, and the process of perfection or self-actualization. Jacobi, Mendelssohn, Bildung, Contingency, Pantheism affair, Moral Perfectionism
Improved localization precision via restricting confined biomolecule stochastic motion in single-molecule localization microscopy
Authors: Ni Jielei , Cao Bo , Niu Gang , Chen Danni , Liang Guotao , Xia Tingying , Li Heng , Xu Chen , Wang Jingyu , Zhang Wanlong , Zhang Yilin , Yuan Xiaocong , Ni Yanxiang 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) plays an irreplaceable role in biological studies, in which nanometer-sized biomolecules are hardly to be resolved due to diffraction limit unless being stochastically activated and accurately located by SMLM. For biological samples preimmobilized for SMLM, most biomolecules are cross-linked and constrained at their immobilizing sites but still expected to undergo confined stochastic motion in regard to their nanometer sizes. However, few lines of direct evidence have been reported about the detectability and influence of confined biomolecule stochastic motion on localization precision in SMLM. Here, we access the potential stochastic motion for each immobilized single biomolecule by calculating the displacements between any two of its localizations at different frames during sequential imaging of Alexa Fluor-647-conjugated oligonucleotides. For most molecules, localization displacements are remarkably larger at random frame intervals than at shortest intervals even after sample drift correction, increase with interval times and then saturate, showing that biomolecule stochastic motion is detected and confined around the immobilizing sizes in SMLM. Moreover, localization precision is inversely proportional to confined biomolecule stochastic motion, whereas it can be deteriorated or improved by enlarging the biomolecules or adding a post-crosslinking step, respectively. Consistently, post-crosslinking of cell samples sparsely stained for tubulin proteins results in a better localization precision. Overall, this study reveals that confined stochastic motion of immobilized biomolecules worsens localization precision in SMLM, and improved localization precision can be achieved via restricting such a motion.
How large is the left periphery of Present-Day German? A unifying approach to multiply-filled-prefield configurations
Authors: Catasso Nicholas 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this article, it is proposed that different types of apparent “non-V2” arrangements in Present-Day German matrix clauses which are generally treated independently are similar in nature and derivable by means of a limited number of syntactic operations that do not challenge or put into question the classical account of German as astructuralV2 language. The analysis reveals that an adequate formalization of all possible left-peripheral word orders must rest upon three basic assumptions: (i) V2 in Modern German main clauses can be neither movement to the head position whose specifier hosts a moved or base-generated XP nor (necessarily) movement to Force°, but can be generalized to raising of the Vfin to Fin°; (ii) German has a Split CP which is fundamentally similar,mutatis mutandis, to that of Romance languages; (iii) this language is subject to the bottleneck effect, which states that all movement into the CP passes through [Spec,FinP]. The theoretical approach pursued here attempts to account for left dislocation and other (frame-setting and non-frame-setting) topicalization phenomena by assuming that in German (differently from other Split-CP languages), XPs base-generated in the middle field move to their surface position by cyclical movement within the left periphery. This allows us to avoidad hocexplanations, as well as violations of the bottleneck effect.
Setting a New Course? A Practical Discussion about Migration and the Bible
Authors: Casteel Amy 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
That stories of migration are found in the Bible is not a debate, although the meaning to be taken from the presence of such stories is ambiguous. Notably, the writing of recent theologians on migration emphasizes response to migration, rather than the experience of migration. An analysis of six articles spanning two decades shows three overlapping themes in these writings: the identity of “stranger,” the responsibility of help, and hospitality. These themes are linked especially to a parable (Luke 10:25–37) and to a story of judgment (Matthew 25:31–46). In this article, scholarly interpretations of these themes are brought into conversation with interviews with adolescents who have migrated to Europe. The three themes are explored not in search of a normative biblical response to migrants, but considered in light of the lived religious experiences of adolescents who have migrated.
The economy of the La Tène culture communities based on the example of research from Upper Silesia
Authors: Dulęba Przemysław , Abłamowicz Renata , Sady-Bugajska Agata , Soida Jacek 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The results of excavations show that the La Tène culture community which inhabited the microregion of the contemporary village of Samborowice (Upper Silesia, Poland) in the Iron Age did not differ from its brethren from the area of Moravia and the middle basin of the Danube. Our intention is to try to identify the most important features of local economy based on newly acquired archaeobotanical and archaeozoological sources. The results from Samborowice in the form of a set of cereals characteristic of La Tène culture settlements from Central Europe suggest that the set of remains being analysed comes from a period when changes to the selection of cereals had yet to occur. The population in this period of history applied a model of economy based on agriculture and livestock rearing, with cattle being the most important animals, followed by pigs and small ruminants interchangeably.
Pluricentricity in the classroom: the Serbo-Croatian language issue for foreign language teaching at higher education institutions worldwide
Authors: Ćalić Jelena 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The study presented in this article looks at the effects of the changes in national language policies following the break-up of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia on teaching the Serbo-Croatian language or a “language which is simultaneously one and more than one” as a foreign language. The study explores how language ideologies and conflicting attitudes towards national standard languages, recorded both within nation-states and across nation-state borders, are understood by teachers in the context of teaching Serbo-Croatian as a foreign language. The article also examines the extent to which these understandings reflect current discussions of pluricentric languages and methods adopted for teaching pluricentric languages as foreign languages.
On the variation of fragmental constructions in British English and American English post-match interviews
Authors: Reber Elisabeth 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This article takes a cognitive, interactional perspective on pluricentricity and examines the use of fragmental constructions in a mid-sized dataset, drawing on recordings of British English and American English post-match interviews (PMIs), i.e. media interviews conducted with football players after matches in the British and North American top leagues. It examines what types of fragmental constructions are deployed in the PMIs and whether the use and distribution of such constructions vary between the British and American “communities of practice” (Lave/Wenger 1991). The study finds that the quantity and quality of fragments largely differ, with the British English data showing a higher relative frequency of fragmental constructions, more grammatical variation, and a use of fragmental constructions which do not necessarily draw on latent grammatical structures from the prior speech for meaning-making. It has been suggested by Biber et al. (1999) that clausal elliptical structures are generally less typical of American English. The present genre-specific analysis suggests an interdependence between fragmental constructions and their routinisation and frozenness, interactional constraints, as well as deviant sports and media cultures shared by these communities of practice, which can be treated as a form of “enregisterment” (Agha 2007).
Asking Price and Price Discounts: the Strategy of Selling an Asset under Price Uncertainty
Authors: Biswas Tapan , McHardy Jolian 
Published: November 2021

We consider fixed and asking price strategies in the context of selling an asset with Bernoullian updating of the seller’s subjective probability of sale at a given price. The determination of optimal fixed, asking and endogenous reservation prices is discussed under risk-neutrality and expected utility maximisation. With risk-neutrality, the optimal asking price exceeds the optimal fixed price when the expected gain is a strictly concave function. The seller’s choice between the fixed and the asking price strategies depends on several factors: the expected cost of haggling, price competition and the seller’s attitude towards risk.
Argumentar por escrito en el discurso académico español
Authors: Cervera Rodríguez Angel 
Published: November 2021

Introducción: Las principales competencias que han de adquirir los estudiantes a lo largo de su formación son la comprensión lectora, la interpretación comunicativa y la producción discursiva mediante una expresión correcta, razonada y coherente. De esa forma, han de saber argumentar con criterios lógico-racionales en cualquier ámbito discursivo, sobre todo en el académico. Por medio de la argumentación pretendemos transmitir el conocimiento adquirido con criterios válidos, aunque podemos aportar ideas sobre el tema desde nuestro punto de vista utilizando razones sólidas que logren convencer a quienes nos dirigimos. Metodología: El contenido del artículo se apoya en un marco teórico relevante de la lingüística del texto y el análisis del discurso, acompañado de un método analítico cualitativo aplicado a una selección de fragmentos de ensayos representativos, cuyo objetivo es reconocer y explicar los elementos lingüísticos, los recursos retóricos y los procedimientos pragmático-argumentativos del discurso académico con el fin de saber utilizarlos en las producciones discursivas. Resultados: A través del análisis empírico y cualitativo aplicado a los ensayos seleccionados se comprueba que son textos apropiados para el discurso académico por estar dotados de organización lógica y por dominar en ellos la argumentación, la intertextualidad y la polifonía. Conclusión: Así pues, el ensayo es el prototipo de género discursivo académico español para desarrollar las competencias lingüístico-cognitivas y pragmático-comunicativas de los estudiantes
Influence of Adherence to Leave Policies on Teachers’ Performance In Public Secondary Schools In Homa-Bay County
Authors: Akinyi Joseph Jane , Phylisters Matula , Ursulla Okoth 
Published: November 2021

The provision of paid leave and time-offs are practices in human resource administration that aims at reducing burnout, stress as well as family-work conflict. Thus, provision of leave allows an employee to recuperate from the daily pressure of work. However, in the education sector in Kenya, information concerning administration of leave policies to teachers is not clear. In some counties such as Homa Bay in Kenya, secondary school teachers are faced with problems such lesson overload, inadequate time-offs for sick and lactating teachers, and inadequate bereavement leaves. The number of teachers seeking for transfer has also increased over the years. The purpose of this study was to analyse the influence of adherence to leave policies by school administration on performance of teachers in public secondary schools in Homa Bay County. Specific objectives were to determine the level of teachers’ performance and to establish the influence of provision of leave on performance of teachers. The study employed descriptive survey design. Target population comprised a total of 257 principals and 2,231 teachers. Yamane’s formula was used to calculate 292 teachers and 22 Principals from whom data was collected using questionnaire and interview schedule respectively. The study found that adherence to leave policies (F = 66.488 ; P = 0.0) as a significant predictor of teachers’ performance abeit with a low contribution (21.8% or R2 =0.218) change in teacher performance. It is concluded that adherence to leave policies do not provide adequate satisfaction to elicit effort towards enhanced performance among secondary school teacher.
Emociones y habilidades comunicativas en la convivencia escolar en la IE Rural del Sur de Tunja
Authors: Cordero García Sandra Patricia , Chinome Alba Claudia Patricia , Garzón Bautista Andrea del Pilar 
Published: November 2021

La comunidad de la Institución Educativa Rural del Sur, en Tunja, presenta una problemática relacionada con el maltrato físico y verbal entre estudiantes, acompañado de dificultades en las relaciones personales y rendimiento académico, atribuibles a un contexto social, en el que sus emociones no se desarrollan adecuadamente. Con base en esta situación, este artículo reporta avances de una investigación que se realiza para obtener el título de magister en educación; cuyo objetivo es ofrecer un marco de comprensión y reflexión de la influencia de las emociones en el desarrollo de habilidades comunicativas, como parte de una educación integral que garantice una adecuada convivencia escolar. Se propone para esto, el desarrollo de una investigación cualitativa, utilizando estrategias de acción, con base en postulados de Pedagogía del Amor de H. Maturana, haciendo énfasis en el discurso y las experiencias de los estudiantes y docentes en problemas reales relacionados con el contexto cotidiano. El desarrollo del trabajo se resume en cuatro fases: planeación, observación, acción y reflexión. Los resultados se analizan de forma retrospectiva, donde la observación directa, registro de campo, entrevistas a docentes y niños han dado paso a planes de acción y análisis en el vivir y convivir en la escuela.