bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short-Term Effects of Two Types of Goggles On Intraocular Pressure and Anterior Eye Segment Biometrics
Authors: Zhang Xu , Wang Huixian , Nie Yuan , Li Wenjing 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: To evaluate and compare the changes in intraocular pressure and anterior eye segment biometrics,during and after wearing two types of commonly used swimming goggles.Methods: In a cross-sectional study, a total of 40 healthy adults aged between 18 and 60 years old were selected to wear two kinds of common swimming goggles (ocular socket and orbital goggles). Intraocular pressure and anterior segment biometry were evaluated before wearing, at 2 and 5 minutes of wearing, and at 5 minutes after removing the goggles. Intraocular pressure (IOP), corneal front keratometry values (K1, K2, Km), central corneal thickness (CCT), central anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber volume (ACV), and anterior chamber angle (ACA) were measured.Results: The IOP at 2 minutes (21.0±2.2 mmHg) and 5 minutes (21.2±2.3 mmHg) was significantly higher than before wearing goggles (17.7± 2.1 mmHg). The IOP after the goggles were removed and at 5 minutes after the goggles were removed was 18.4±2.3 mmHg and 17.7±2.1 mmHg, respectively. ACV, ACD, and ACA values all decreased while the googles were worn. After the goggles were removed, these changes gradually returned to baseline values, with no significant difference in the values before and after.Conclusion: This study proves that wearing orbital goggles can lead to an acute increase in IOP and a slight decrease in ACV, ACD, and ACA. However, once the goggles are removed, these indicators return to baseline levels, showing that wearing orbital goggles has no significant lasting effect on IOP and anterior segment parameters.
The Therapeutic Value of Volumetric-Modulated Arc Therapy In Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Primary Tumors: A Multicenter Retrospective Analysis Based On Propensity Score Matching And Comparison With Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy
Authors: Liu Jie , Li Tao , Xiaohu Wang , Su Shengfa , Li Qingsong , Geng Yichao , Yang Wengang , Chen Xiaxia , Ouyang Weiwei , Zhang Wei , Lu Bing 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Objective:.To explore the feasibility of volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) instead of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for primary tumors of advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (A-NSCLC). Methods:.We used propensity score matching (PSM) and multicenter retrospective analysis to study the efficacy and toxicity of VMAT technology in radiotherapy for primary tumors of A-NSCLC.We used the chi-squared test to analyze the response rate(RR), local control (LC), acute radiation injury, and dose-volume parameters; the Kaplan–Meier and log-rank tests were used to determine local-regional progression-free survival (LRPFS) and overall survival (OS). Results: LRPFS was significantly prolonged in stage III patients treated with IMRT before PSM (P< .05) and cases of grade 1 or 2 acute radiation esophagitis (RE) or radiation pneumonia(RP) in the IMRT than the VMAT(P< .05), but cases of grade 3 or 4 RE and RP were not significantly different between the groups (P> .05). Before PSM, there was no significant difference in the LRPFS and OS rates of the whole study group and the RR, LC, and stage IV subgroups, respectively (P> .05). After PSM, there was no significant difference in the RR, LC, LRPFS, OS, RP, or RE of patients treated with VMAT and IMRT (P> .05), normal whole-lung (V5, V20, MLD), heart (V30, V40, MHD), and equal dose-volume parameters were significantly lower in the VMAT group (P< .05).Conclusion:.Radiation therapy of A-NSCLC primary tumors using VMAT can achieve a similar efficacy to that of IMRT but with significantly lower low-dose volume parameters of normal tissues and organs; this is true especially in stage N2 cases, where the reduction in radiation damage may be more favorable.
Modulation of Mo-Fe-C sites over mesoscale diffusion-enhanced hollow sub-micro reactors toward boosted electrochemical water oxidation
Authors: Gong Feilong , Liu Mengmeng , Gong Lihua , Ye Sheng , Jiang Qike , Zeng Guang , Zhang Xiaoli , Peng Zhikun , Zhang Yonghui , Fang Shaoming , Liu Jian 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Simultaneously engineering the mesoscale mass transfer and surface reactions on the electrode can promote the kinetics of oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Herein, we report the simultaneously modulation of the mesoscale diffusion and Mo-Fe-C sites formation over monodispersed hollow Fe@MoS2-C sub-micro reactors for boosted OER performance. According to finite element simulation and analysis, the hollow nanostructured MoS2-C host possessed much better mesoscale diffusion properties than its solid and yolk–shell counterparts. Notably, the sulfur vacancies and intercalated carbon in the sub-micro reactor offered a unique microenvironment for Fe anchoring on Mo-Fe-C sites. The stability and activity of the sites were revealed by theoretical calculations. The resultant Fe@MoS2-C presented an OER overpotential of 194 mV, which is much better than those of the Fe-based single-atom catalysts reported to data. Our monodispersed sub-micro reactor combined the advantage of mesoscale diffusion and single-atom sites, and it may have broad prospects for complex electrocatalytic reactions.
Working Environment of Nurses in Public Referral Hospitals of West Amhara, Ethiopia, 2021
Authors: Kassahun Chanyalew Worku , Abate Addisu Taye , Tezera Zewdu Baye , Beshah Debrework Tesgera , Agegnehu Chilot Desta , Getnet Mohammed Adem , Abate Hailemichael Kindie , Yazew Birhaneselassie Gebeyehu , Alemu Mahlet Temesgen 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Safe working environment is a key part, and professional right of nurses. But findings indicated nurses work environment as stressful and complex. The negative effects of a negative nurses’ work environment lead to poor nurse-sensitive patient outcomes, such as increased mortality, pressure ulcers, medication errors, and complications. It has also an effect on their professionalism, practice of patient’s handover. Studies have shown working conditions, professionalism, patient handover and nurse-sensitive patient outcomes are interrelated and form a critical foundation for promoting patients’ and nurses’ safety in hospitals. However, in Ethiopia, there is scarcity of data on this issue. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the working environment of nurses in Public Referral Hospitals in Public Referral Hospitals of West Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia, 2021.Methods: An institution based cross-sectional study was conducted among 423 nurses from January to February 2021. Random sampling was used to select nurses from each hospital. Structured, self-administered questionnaires were used to collect the data. EPI- DATA 3.1 was used for data entry and SPSS version-23 software for data analysis. Descriptive statistics were made using statistical measurements. Frequency, percentages, means, and standard deviations were calculated. Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index tool was used to measure the outcome variable. Binary and multivariable logistic regression analyses were computed to identify associated factors. Finally, texts, tables and graphs were used to report findings. Results: The response rate for the study was 96.2%. One hundred eighty eight (46.2%) nurses perceived that their working environment was conducive, while 219 (53.8 %,) perceived it as not conducive. Nurses who were working in pediatrics wards (AOR= 0.13, 0.02, 0.1) and nurses who gave care for 7-12 patients per day (AOR =0.21, 0.05, 0.98) were less likely to have a conducive working environment, respectively. Nurses who perceived the Ministry of Health to give focus to the nursing profession were 0.27 more likely to have a conducive environment (AOR= 0.27; 0.09, .82).Conclusion and recommendations: More than half of nurses reported that their working environment was not conducive to appropriate practice. Hence, introducing systems to improve participation of nurses in hospital affairs and patient care is essential. It is also important to give attention to nurses who are working at pediatrics wards, and for nurses who give care more than the standards.
Association of Plasma Carotenoid and Malondialdehyde Levels with Physical Performance in Korean Adolescents
Authors: Joo Heeyeon , Hwang Jiyoung , Kim Jiyeon , Kim Hyesook , Kwon Oran 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Increased oxidative stress has been shown to lead to muscle damage and reduced physical performance. The antioxidant mechanism is most likely to reduce these relationships, but in the context of the action of carotenoids, more research is needed. This cross-sectional study aims to investigate whether carotenoids modify the association between plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and physical performance in Korean adolescents.
Methods
The study sample consisted of 381 participants (164 boys, 217 girls) aged 13−18, who participated in the 2018 National Fitness Award Project. We quantified α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, lycopene, and MDA levels in plasma using HPLC with photodiode array detection. Physical performance was measured by determining the absolute and relative hand grip strength, 20-m progressive aerobic cardiovascular endurance run, estimated maximal oxygen consumption, curl-up, and sit-and-reach.
Results
In boys, the multiple linear regression model adjusted for age, BMI, smoking, drinking, and physical activity showed that the MDA level was negatively associated with absolute hand grip strength; this association was observed only in groups with α-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, zeaxanthin, and total carotenoid values below the median.
Conclusion
These results suggest that carotenoids may act as an effect modifier of the association between MDA and physical performance in Korean male adolescents.
Data Analytics and Artificial Intelligence in Predicting Length of Stay, Readmission, and Mortality: A Population-Based Study of Surgical Management of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Masum Shamsul , Hopgood Adrian , Stefan Samuel , Flashman Karen , Khan Jim 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Data analytics and artificial intelligence (AI) have been used to predict patient outcomes after colorectal cancer surgery. A prospectively maintained colorectal cancer database was used, covering 4336 patients who underwent colorectal cancer surgery between 2003 and 2019. The 47 patient parameters included demographics, peri- and post-operative outcomes, surgical approaches, complications, and mortality. Data analytics were used to compare the importance of each variable and AI prediction models were built for length of stay (LOS), readmission, and mortality. Accuracies of at least 80% have been achieved. The significant predictors of LOS were age, ASA grade, operative time, presence or absence of a stoma, robotic or laparoscopic approach to surgery, and complications. The model with support vector regressor (SVR) algorithms predicted the LOS with an accuracy of 83% and mean absolute error (MAE) of 9.69 days. The significant predictors of readmission were age, laparoscopic procedure, stoma performed, preoperative nodal (N) stage, operation time, operation mode, previous surgery type, LOS, and the specific procedure. A BI-LSTM model predicted readmission with 87.5% accuracy, 84% sensitivity, and 90% specificity. The significant predictors of mortality were age, ASA grade, BMI, the formation of a stoma, preoperative TNM staging, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, curative resection, and LOS. Classification predictive modelling predicted three different colorectal cancer mortality measures (overall mortality, and 31- and 91-days mortality) with 80-96% accuracy, 84-93% sensitivity, and 75-100% specificity. A model using all variables performed only slightly better than one that used just the most significant ones.
Diagnostic Performance of RT-PCR-Based Sample Pooling Strategy for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Hueda-Zavaleta Miguel , Copaja-Corzo Cesar , Benites-Zapata Vicente A. , Cardenas-Rueda Pedro , Maguiña Jorge L. , Rodríguez-Morales Alfonso J. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: The rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 has created a shortage of supplies of reagents for its detection throughout the world, especially in Latin America. The pooling of samples consists of combining individual patient samples in a block and analyzing the group as a particular sample. This strategy has been shown to reduce the burden of laboratory material and logistical resources by up to 80%. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the pool of samples analyzed by RT-PCR to detect SARS-CoV-2.Methods: A cross-sectional study of diagnostic tests was carried out. We individually evaluated 420 samples, and 42 clusters were formed, each one with ten samples. These clusters could contain 0, 1 or 2 positive samples to simulate a positivity of 0, 10 and 20%, respectively. RT-PCR analyzed the groups for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. The area under the ROC curve (AUC), the Youden index, the global and subgroup Sensitivity and specificity were calculated according to their Ct values that were classified as high (H: ≤25), moderate (M: 26-30) and low (L: 31-35) concentration of viral RNA.Results: From a total of 42 pools, 41 (97.6%) obtained the same result as the samples they contained (positive or negative). The AUC for pooling, Youden index, sensitivity, and specificity were 0.98 (95% CI, 0.95-1); 0.97 (95% CI, 0.90-1.03); 96.67% (95% CI; 88.58-100%) and 100% (95% CI; 95.83-100%) respectively. In the stratified analysis of the pools containing samples with CT <31, the Sensitivity was 100% (95% CI; 90-100%), while with the pools containing samples with Ct ≥31, the Sensitivity was 80% (95% CI, 34.94% - 100%). Finally, a median greater than 2.32 (IQR: 1.12 - 3.03) in the Ct was observed in the pools concerning the Ct of the individual samples (p <0.001).Conclusions: The strategy of pooling nasopharyngeal swab samples for analysis by SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR showed high diagnostic performance.
Three-dimensional synchronous proton radiography for dynamic magnetic fields in laser-produced high-energy-density plasmas
Authors: Zhao Zhonghai , He Shu-Kai , An H. H. , Lei Z. , Xie Y. , Yuan W. Q. , Jiao J. L. , Zhou K. N. , Ye J. J. , Xie Z. Y. , Xiong J. , Fang Z. H. , He X. , Wang W. , Zhou Weimin , Zhang Baohan , Zhu Shaoping , Qiao B. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Understanding the generation and evolution of magnetic fields in high-energy-density plasmas is a major scientific challenge in broad research areas including astrophysics, cosmology, and laser fusion energy. However, the fully three-dimensional (3D) topologies of such dynamic magnetic fields are still unknown yet. Here we report experiments of the first 3D synchronous proton radiography for self-generated magnetic fields in respectively laser-produced low-Z CH and high-Z Cu plasmas. The radiography images show that abundant 3D filamentary structures of magnetic fields grow up in coronal region of CH plasmas, while for Cu, the fields are majorly compressed along the dense surface region whose internal structures are pretty vague. These results are reproduced and explained by a combination of radiation-magnetohydrodynamic, particle-in-cell and Vlasov-Fokker-Planck simulations, where the cross-scale effects of Biermann battery, Nernst advection, resistive diffusion, Righi-Leduc and particularly kinetic Weibel instability are all taken into account. Our findings provide much enlightenment to the role of magnetic field generation in implosion and hohlraum dynamics of laser fusion.
Characterizing Mobility Patterns of Forest Goers in Southern Lao PDR using GPS Loggers.
Authors: Rerolle Francois , Dantzer Emily , Phimmakong Toula , Lover Andrew , Hongvanthong Bouasy , Phetsouvanh Rattanaxay , Marshall John , Sturrock Hugh , Bennett Adam 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
In the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS), forest-going populations are considered high-risk populations for malaria and are increasingly targeted by national control programs’ elimination efforts. A better understanding of forest-going populations’ mobility patterns and risk associated with specific types of forest-going trips is necessary for countries in the GMS to achieve their objective of eliminating malaria by 2030.
Methods
Between March and November 2018, as part of a focal test and treat intervention (FTAT), we recruited 2,904 forest-goers in southern Lao PDR. A subset of forest-goers carried an “i-Got-U” GPS logger for roughly two months, configured to collect GPS coordinates every 15 to 30 minutes. The utilization distribution (UD) surface around each GPS trajectory was used to extract trips to the forest and forest-fringes. Trips with shared mobility characteristics in terms of duration, timing and forest penetration were identified by a hierarchical clustering algorithm. Then, clusters of trips with increased exposure to dominant malaria vectors in the region were further classified as high-risk. Finally, we used gradient boosting trees to assess which of the forest-goers’ socio-demographic and behavioral characteristics best predicted their likelihood to engage in such high-risk trips.
Results
A total of 122 forest-goers accepted carrying a GPS logger resulting in the collection of 803 trips to the forest or forest-fringes. Six clusters of trips emerged, helping to classify 385 (48%) trips with increased exposure to malaria vectors based on high forest penetration and whether the trip happened overnight. Age, outdoor sleeping structures and number of children were the best predictors of forest-goers’ probability of engaging in high-risk trips. The probability of engaging in high-risk trips was high (~33%) in all strata of the forest-going population.
Conclusion
This study characterized the heterogeneity within the mobility patterns of forest-goers and attempted to further segment their role in malaria transmission in southern Lao People’s Democratic Republic (PDR). National control programs across the region can leverage these results to tailor their interventions and messaging to high-risk populations and accelerate malaria elimination.
Mixing ReaxFF Parameters for Transition Metal Oxides Using Force-Matching Method.
Authors: Włodarczyk Adam , Uchroński Mariusz , Podsiadły-Paszkowska Agata , Irek Joanna , Szyja Bartlomiej 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We present the development of the method for the refitting the ReaxFF parameters for a system consisting of the mixed transition metal oxides. We have tested several methods allowing to calculate the differences between the vectors of the forces acting on atoms obtained from the reference DFT simulation and the parameters-dependent ReaxFF. We conclude that the footrule method yields the best parameters among the investigated options. We then validate the parameters using the system consisting of the hematite supported (TiO2)n clusters. The results indicate the refitted parameters allow to obtain much better geometries of the clusters upon MD simulation on the ReaxFF level, and despite the short timescale lead to the stable structures.
Multi-Criteria Decision Making and Dempster-Shafer Model Based Delineation of Groundwater Prospect Zones From A Semi-Arid Environment
Authors: Pandey Hemant Kumar , Singh Vishal Kumar , Singh Sudhir Kumar 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The present study illustrates the delineation of the groundwater potential zones in one of the most critical and drought affected areas under Bundelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh. Hydrological evaluations were carried out in district Mahoba using GIS tools and remote sensing data which ultimately yielded several thematic maps, such as lineament density, land use/land cover, drainage density, lithology, slope, geomorphology, wetness index (WTI), altitude and soil. CartoDEM data which have spatial resolution of 30m i.e. equivalent to one arc second were used to create digital elevation model, drainage density, altitude, WTI and slope. The thematic layers were assigned relative weightages as per their groundwater potential prospects under multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) method through analytical hierarchy process (AHP). To recognize the groundwater potential zone, weighted overlay analysis was performed using ArcMap software. Additionally, for testing of the Dempster-Shafer model, 16 borewells in high potential areas have been selected. Based on the probability of the groundwater occurrence, the belief factor was equated. Further combining the weighted layers, groundwater potential zones were obtained. The groundwater potential maps illustrate five zones having different potential in the Mahoba district. According to the AHP model the north-west side of the study area is characterized with very good potential zones whereas the north-east and south-east region constitute medium and poor groundwater potential zones respectively. It reflects that more than 50% of the area is having medium groundwater potential while 30 percent of the area falls under low potential zone. 10% of the study area falls under very good groundwater potential zones. According to the DS model, very high groundwater zones constitute only 7% and the remaining area falls under poor potential. Overall accuracy of the DS model was higher than AHP model.
RSM-Modeling and Optimization of High Titer Functional Xylo-Oligosaccharides Production by Edible Gluconic Acid Catalysis
Authors: Gu Yuanjie , Guo Jianming , Zhou Xin , Xu Yong 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Xylo-oligosaccharides as a functional prebiotic have great value in food, feed fields. Previous studies have shown that organic acids catalyze the hydrolysis of xylan-rich sources for the production of xylo-oligosaccharides. In this study, gluconic acid of edible aldonic acid, generated xylo-oligosaccharides via hydrolysis of xylan from corncob. In order to maximize the efficiency of xylo-oligosaccharide production, a model was designed and optimal conditions were determined by Box-Behnken design-based response surface methodology. The developed process resulted in a maximum xylo-oligosaccharides yield of 57.73% using 4.6% gluconic acid at 167°C for 28 min, which was similar to the predicted value and fitted models of xylo-oligosaccharides production. The results showed that the reaction temperature was crucial to xylo-oligosaccharides production, and by-product yields (xylose and furfural) could be effectively controlled by both reaction temperature and time. In addition, 44.87 g/L XOS was achieved by decreasing the solid-liquid ratio. Overall, the described process may be a preferred option for future high concentration xylo-oligosaccharides production.
Ancestral architecture of Malocas, impact in communities in the ancestral people for tourism. Shuar ecuadorian Community Case study
Authors: Angulo Alicia Porras , Freire Alba Hernández , Angulo Vinicio Porras 
Published: November 2021

The article presents information about ancestral indigenous ethno-knowledge of the indigenous community Shuar; the data was collected through participatory workshops, interviews and expeditions in order to collect plant species, and identify them in situ, always accompanied by local people considered them with experience and knowledge of their territory, this plants are important in the indigenous population and tourists that visit the community because the ancestral architecture that they have its important for the tourism and design of Malocas or ancestral community tourist houses with low environmental impact and improved the ceremony and the intercultural connection between the shaman who has the ancestral heritage.