bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Switching clinic‐based cervical cancer screening programs to human papillomavirus self‐sampling: A cost‐effectiveness analysis of vaccinated and unvaccinated Norwegian women
Authors: Pedersen Kine , Portnoy Allison , Sy Stephen , Hansen Bo T. , Tropé Ameli , Kim Jane J. , Burger Emily A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSeveral countries have implemented primary human papillomavirus (HPV) testing for cervical cancer screening. HPV testing enables home‐based, self‐collected sampling (self‐sampling), which provides similar diagnostic accuracy as clinician‐collected samples. We evaluated the impact and cost‐effectiveness of switching an entire organized screening program to primary HPV self‐sampling among cohorts of HPV vaccinated and unvaccinated Norwegian women. We conducted a model‐based analysis to project long‐term health and economic outcomes for birth cohorts with different HPV vaccine exposure, that is, preadolescent vaccination (2000‐ and 2008‐cohorts), multiage cohort vaccination (1991‐cohort) or no vaccination (1985‐cohort). We compared the cost‐effectiveness of switching current guidelines with clinician‐collected HPV testing to HPV self‐sampling for these cohorts and considered an additional 44 strategies involving either HPV self‐sampling or clinician‐collected HPV testing at different screening frequencies for the 2000‐ and 2008‐cohorts. Given Norwegian benchmarks for cost‐effectiveness, we considered a strategy with an additional cost per quality‐adjusted life‐year below $55 000 as cost‐effective. HPV self‐sampling strategies considerably reduced screening costs (ie, by 24%‐40% across cohorts and alternative strategies) and were more cost‐effective than clinician‐collected HPV testing. For cohorts offered preadolescent vaccination, cost‐effective strategies involved HPV self‐sampling three times (2000‐cohort) and twice (2008‐cohort) per lifetime. In conclusion, we found that switching from clinician‐collected to self‐collected HPV testing in cervical screening may be cost‐effective among both highly vaccinated and unvaccinated cohorts of Norwegian women.
Comparative analysis of two laser wavelengths in the stimulation of acupuncture points for analgesic effects in an animal model
Authors: Teixeira Marcos Aurélio , Papini Juliana Zampoli Boava , Garcez Aguinaldo , Tofoli Giovana Radomille 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study compares the effectiveness of two laser wavelengths for stimulating acupoints in an experimental model of acute postoperative pain. Forty‐five Wistar rats were randomly assigned to receive treatment on their left hind paw, contralateral to a surgical procedure. Laser treatments were performed with Green Laser—GL (532 nm, 70 mW and 7 J/cm2 of energy), Red Laser—RL (660 nm, 100 mW and 7 J/cm2 of energy), or with Laser Off—LO. After each application, the animals were evaluated with a Von Frey analgesiometer to check for painful sensitivity on their right (with surgery) and left (without surgery) hind paws. Neuropeptides and cytokine levels in the incision site tissue of the right paw were measured by ELISA after 1, 6 and 24 hours. It was possible to observe that, in this pain model, both lasers promoted analgesia and that the GL altered the levels of TNF‐α and IL‐1β.
Skeletal muscle atrophy‐induced hemopexin accelerates onset of cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Nagase Tsukasa , Tohda Chihiro 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlzheimer's disease (AD) is an unmet medical need worldwide, and physical inactivity is a risk factor for AD. Performing physical exercise is difficult at old age, and thus, decline in physical movement may be a cause of age‐associated lowering of the brain function. This study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanism and onset of the skeletal muscle atrophy‐induced acceleration of AD.MethodsPre‐symptomatic young 5XFAD or non‐transgenic wildtype mice were used. The bilateral hindlimbs were immobilized by placing them in casts for 14 days. Cognitive function was evaluated using the object recognition and spatial memory tests. Further, the hindlimb muscles were isolated for organ culture. Conditioned media (CM) of each muscle was separated by two‐dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D‐PAGE). Protein expressions in the CM were analysed by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry analysis. The expression levels of candidate proteins were quantified using ELISA. After continuous intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) infusion of recombinant hemopexin, cognitive function was evaluated. Gene microarray analysis of the hippocampus was performed to investigate the molecules involved in the accelerated memory deficit. Real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and histological analysis confirmed the expression.ResultsCasting for 2 weeks reduced skeletal muscle weight. Object recognition memory in the cast‐attached 5XFAD mice (n = 7, training vs. test, P = 0.3390) was impaired than that in age‐matched wildtype (n = 7, training vs. test, P = 0.0523) and non‐cast 5XFAD mice (n = 7, training vs. test, P = 0.0473). On 2D‐PAGE, 88 spots were differentially expressed in muscle CM. The most increased spot in the cast‐attached 5XFAD CM was hemopexin. Hemopexin levels in the skeletal muscle (n = 3, P = 0.0064), plasma (n = 3, P = 0.0386), and hippocampus (n = 3, P = 0.0164) were increased in cast‐attached 5XFAD mice than those in non‐cast 5XFAD mice. Continuous i.c.v. infusion of hemopexin for 2 weeks induced memory deficits in young 5XFAD mice (n = 4, training vs. test, P = 0.6764). Lipocalin‐2 (Lcn2) messenger RNA (mRNA), neuroinflammation‐associated factor, was increased in the hippocampus in hemopexin‐infused 5XFAD mice than in control mice. LCN2 protein in the hippocampus was localized in the neurons, but not glial cells. Lcn2 mRNA levels in the hippocampus were also increased by cast‐immobilization of the hindlimbs (n = 6, P = 0.0043).ConclusionsThese findings provide new evidence indicating that skeletal muscle atrophy has an unbeneficial impact on the occurrence of memory impairment in young 5XFAD mice, which is mediated by the muscle secreted hemopexin.
Biological aspects of the nasal turbinates of the Anatolian shepherd dog captured from Egypt: Using computed tomography, histological, and scanning electron microscopic observations
Authors: Abumandour Mohamed M. A. , El‐Bakary Raafat , Enany El‐Said , Karkoura Ashraf , Farid Sara 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe current study was designed to describe the nasal turbinates of 15 heads of Anatolian shepherd dogs using the histology and scanning electron microscope. The caudal part of the nasal cavity is almost occupied by the ethmoidal concha that is related to the high dog's smelling. Keratinized stratified squamous epithelial lining of the rostral part of dorsal and ventral concha were interdigitated with the underlying lamina propria, with numerous sebaceous and sweat glands. The pseudostratified squamous epithelium lining of the middle part of the dorsal and ventral conchae had simple seromucous glands. The caudal third of dorsal, ventral, and ethmoidal conchae covered by olfactory epithelium that had three cell types; basal, supporting, and bipolar cells with mucous glands. SEM of the vestibular region shows that the dorsal conchae had a wrinkled surface with microvilli, little olfactory buds, and small sebaceous and sweat glands openings, while the ventral conchae had a lot of filiform‐like microvilli. SEM of the respiratory region shows that the dorsal conchae had a little number of seromucous glands and a rosette‐shape cilia, while the ventral conchae had numerous cellular cilia that cover all surface. SEM of the fundus region shows that the dorsal conchae had numerous microvilli of ciliated olfactory cells, while the ventral conchae had numerous long microvilli of ciliated olfactory cells. SEM of the ethmoidal nasal conchae shows a dense network of long microvilli of ciliated olfactory cells. We concluded that the morphological features of the dog's nasal turbinates were correlated with their environmental condition.
Nitrogen leaching and Tifway bermudagrass response to simultaneous nutrient and pre‐emergence herbicide applications
Authors: Maia Lucas O. R. , Shaddox Travis W. , Leon Ramon G. , Unruh J. Bryan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPre‐emergence (PRE) herbicides are commonly applied simultaneously with fertilizers to turfgrass; however, the influence of PRE herbicides on nitrogen (N) uptake and leaching from turfgrass remains unclear. The hypothesis of this study was that PRE herbicides applied simultaneously with N fertilizers increase N leaching from Tifway 419 bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. × C. transvaalensis Burtt‐Davy, ‘Tifway’] above that from fallow soil. A nutrient leaching study was conducted from June 2017 through June 2019 in Fort Lauderdale, FL. Treatments consisted of indaziflam (25 g a.i. ha–1), prodiamine (540 g a.i. ha–1), and oxadiazon (4,480 g a.i. ha–1); a nontreated turfgrass control (turfgrass fertilized but not treated with PRE herbicides); and a fallow soil. Fertilizer (15–2–12) was applied every 60 d at 49 kg N ha–1, and PRE herbicides were applied every 120 d. Pre‐emergence herbicides resulted in a 3.6‐ and 5.5‐fold increases in NO3–N concentration compared with fallow soil during June 2017 and January 2018, respectively, whereas fallow soil resulted in increased NO3–N concentration during 10 mo and ranged from 3.8‐ to 15‐fold greater than that from turfgrass plots. Turfgrass plots resulted in reduced N leaching of ∼7% during 5 mo compared with fallow soil and did not result in increased N leaching during any month. Cumulative N leached from turfgrass plots ranged from 75 to 120 kg ha–1 and did not differ from fallow soil. Turfgrass growth rate and N uptake were not influenced by PRE herbicide. The results indicated that fertilizers applied with PRE herbicides does not result in increased N leaching or reduced N uptake.
Use of endoscopic ultrasound‐guided biliary drainage as a rescue of re‐intervention after the placement of multiple metallic stents for malignant hilar biliary obstruction
Authors: Kitamura Hidetoshi , Hijioka Susumu , Nagashio Yoshikuni , Sugawara Shunsuke , Nara Satoshi , Sone Miyuki , Esaki Minoru , Arai Yasuaki , Okusaka Takuji , Nakajima Atsushi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground/PurposeEndoscopic transpapillary re‐intervention (ETP‐RI) after multiple self‐expandable metallic stent (SEMS) placement for unresectable malignant hilar biliary obstruction (MHBO) is challenging, but endoscopic ultrasound‐guided biliary drainage (EUS‐BD) could be an alternative following failed ETP‐RI. We investigated appropriate re‐intervention (RI) methods in MHBO after multiple SEMS placement and evaluated RI with EUS‐BD (EUS‐RI) benefits following ETP‐RI failure.MethodsPatients requiring RI after multiple SEMS placement for MHBO between October 2017 and April 2021 were enrolled. Patients’ characteristics, metallic‐stent type, stent‐placement configuration, overall survival, stent patency, re‐intervention results, and re‐intervention technical and clinical success rates were reviewed.ResultsForty‐nine patients underwent ETP‐RI for MHBO. ETP‐RI’s technical success rate was 69.4%. Of 15 failed ETP‐RI cases, all underwent EUS‐RI, achieving technical and clinical success rates of 86.7% and 100%, respectively. Time to recurrent biliary obstruction (TRBO) after RI was significantly different between EUS‐RI and ETP‐RI (212 vs 84 days; P = .01). On multivariate analysis, EUS‐RI was the only factor associated with TRBO (odds ratio: 4.48; 95% confidence interval: 1.01‐19.91; P = .04). Acute pancreatitis and bile peritonitis were present in 6.1% of ETP‐RI and 13.3% of EUS‐RI cases, respectively; both improved conservatively.ConclusionsEUS‐RI was effective and safe in difficult ETP‐RI cases after multiple SEMS placement for MHBO.
Adjuvant therapy may be omitted for oral cavity cancer with only one positive lymph node
Authors: Chen Wan‐Yu , Fang Ku‐Hao , Wang Chun‐Wei , Liao Chun‐Ta , Yen Tzu‐Chen , Fang Taun‐Jen , Lai Shih‐Fan , Liang Hsiang‐Kuang , Huang Bing‐Shen 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveWhether to administer adjuvant treatment is a matter of great debate for oral cavity cancer harboring a single positive node without extranodal extension and positive margin (defined as low/intermediate risk pN1new in this study).MethodsA total of 243 low/intermediate risk pN1new patients with oral cavity cancer who received curative surgery were included. Overall survival (OS), local recurrence‐free survival (LRFS), regional recurrence‐free survival (RRFS), and distant metastasis‐free survival (DMFS) were compared between patients receiving adjuvant treatment and observation alone.ResultsFor patients receiving adjuvant therapy vs observation, the differences in outcomes were not statistically significant in terms of 5‐year OS, LRFS, RRFS, and DMFS. For subgroup analysis, in low/intermediate pN1new patients with one or more minor risk factors, adjuvant therapy was not significantly associated with OS, LRFS, RRFS, or DMFS in pN1new patients.ConclusionFor low/intermediate risk pN1new patients with oral cavity cancer, adjuvant therapy might be omitted.Level of Evidence4.
Highly Electrically Conductive Flexible Ionogels by Drop‐Casting Ionic Liquid/PEDOT:PSS Composite Liquids onto Hydrogel Networks
Authors: Yang Jianmin , Chang Li , Ma Chuao , Cao Ziquan , Liu Hongliang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIonogels have been extensively studied as ideal flexible and stretchable materials by virtue of the unique properties of ionic liquids, such as non‐volatility, non‐flammability, and negligible vapor pressure. However, the generally low ionic conductivity of the current ionogels limits their applications in the market of highly conductive, flexible, and stretchable electrical devices. Here, the fabrication of highly electrically conductive ionogels is reported by combining composite liquids consisting of 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium dicyanamide ([EMIM][DCA]) and poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) with flexible negative‐charged poly(2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanesulfonic acid) (PAMPS) hydrogel. The generated composite film exhibits high electrical conductivity up to about 38 S cm−1 with the maximum tensile strain of 45% and fracture stress of 27 kPa. In addition, it is demonstrated that the composite film can maintain conductivity in a high level under different mechanical deformations, and can also be used as flexible sensors in a wide temperature range from −58 to 120 ℃. It is believed that the designed composite film would expand the applications of flexible conductive materials where both high conductivity and robust mechanical flexibility are required.
Diffusing Diffusivityin Dynamics of Unentangled Polymer Melts
Authors: Shukla Prakhar , Ahamad Nabi , Debnath Pallavi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe exact results for Rouse chain dynamics in the crowded environment modeled bydiffusing diffusivity(N. Ahamad and P. Debnath,Phys. A2020,549, 124335) in explaining polymer melt dynamics is explored. Theory for mode accounts for anomalous and non‐Gaussian diffusion in the center of mass (c.m.) and monomer dynamics of united atom molecular dynamics simulation trajectories of unentangled polyethylene melts, with excellent agreement. Accurate estimates of scaling relations for c.m. and monomer mean square displacement with time interval are obtained. The corresponding c.m. and monomer diffusion coefficients as a function of confirmdiffusing diffusivityin polymer melts. It is shown shown that the dependent parameters of the modified Rouse model expressed in terms of all modes are reducible to an identical set of per mode parameter values on application to real data. Analysis of velocity autocorrelation functions indicates that the theory is tested on simulation trajectories of polymer melts with friction. The theory estimates for additional power‐law exponents in the exponential of displacement distributions agree with the data. The results show fairly convincingly that the Rouse model withdiffusing diffusivitymay find scope as an alternate theoretical formalism for polymeric liquids.
Single‐Center Study of 103 Consecutive Parkinson's Disease Patients with Levodopa‐Carbidopa Intestinal Gel
Authors: Viljaharju Vili , Mertsalmi Tuomas , Pauls K. Amande M. , Koivu Maija , Eerola‐Rautio Johanna , Udd Marianne , Pekkonen Eero 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundLevodopa‐carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG) effectively reduces off time and dyskinesia and increases on time in advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). However, patients with LCIG‐infusion experience frequent complications and some discontinue treatment early on.ObjectivesThe objectives of this study were to find predictive factors for early dropout from the LCIG infusion, analyze the treatment burden on the tertiary health care system, and explore changes in medication during the LCIG treatment.MethodsLCIG‐infusion was administrated to 103 patients between July 2006 and May 2020 at the Helsinki University Hospital, accumulating 350 years of follow‐up data. We evaluated, retrospectively, changes in medication during treatment, discontinuation of the infusion, and adverse events from the patient records.ResultsLiving alone was a predictive factor for early dropout (OR = 3.88; 95% CI = 1.03–14.66; P = 0.045). The treatment burden on the tertiary health care system increased after the initiation of LCIG infusion mostly because of common complications related to the infusion system (median change of in‐ and out‐patient visits +1, P = 0.03). Mean levodopa equivalent daily dose (LEDD) rose from baseline to 6 months (1246.7 vs. 1684.9, P = 0.001) and stabilized thereafter. Patients commonly switched from “polypharmacy” to “LCIG‐only” or “LCIG + oral levodopa” medication‐groups during long‐term treatment.ConclusionsRecurrent complications related to the infusion system increase the treatment burden on tertiary healthcare system after the initiation of LCIG‐infusion. Most patients continue long‐term with the infusion. Few patients discontinue infusion during the first year after initiation and living alone appears to be a risk factor for this outcome.
Unplanned reoperations after microsurgical breast reconstruction: Findings from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program
Authors: Ali Barkat , Choi Eun Ho Eunice , Barlas Venus , Menon Nathan G. , Morrell Nathan T. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundWhile microsurgical breast reconstruction may require multiple planned operations, unplanned reoperations has not been studied. We sought to investigate unplanned reoperations after microsurgical breast reconstruction.MethodsWe queried the American College of Surgeons' National Surgical Quality Improvement Program between 2005 and 2018. Current Procedural Terminology code 19364 was used to identify all patients with microsurgical breast reconstruction. Patient demographics, medical comorbidities, preoperative laboratory results, and operative data were analyzed. The primary outcome measure was 30‐day unplanned reoperation.ResultsOf 8449 patients meeting inclusion criteria, 1021 required an unplanned reoperation (12.1%). These patients were more likely to be obese, smokers, hypertensive, on steroids preoperatively, needing concomitant mastectomy, and with prolonged operating room time >9 h (p < .05). Multivariable regression model revealed preoperative steroids intake (OR = 1.92, CI 1.09–3.38, p = .03), concomitant mastectomy (OR = 1.45, CI 1.23–1.71, p < .01), and operating room time >9 h (OR = 1.37, CI 1.16–1.62, p < .01) as independent risk factors. Mastectomy was found to be an independent risk factor for early reoperation, that is, ≤2 days (OR = 1.44, CI 1.14–1.82, p < .01), whereas obesity was an independent risk factor for three reoperations (OR = 3.92, CI 1.14–13.46, p = .03).ConclusionUnplanned reoperations within 30‐days after microsurgical breast reconstruction are a significant problem. Mastectomy is an independent risk factor for early reoperation whereas obesity is an independent risk factor for multiple reoperations. Identification of such patients preoperatively may help microsurgeons improve patient safety and quality of care.
Block‐matching‐based registration to evaluate ultrasound visibility of percutaneous needles in liver‐mimicking phantoms
Authors: Sánchez‐Margallo Juan A. , Tas Lisette , Moelker Adriaan , van den Dobbelsteen John J. , Sánchez‐Margallo Francisco M. , Langø Thomas , van Walsum Theo , van de Berg Nick J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPurposeTo present a novel methodical approach to compare visibility of percutaneous needles in ultrasound images.MethodsA motor‐driven rotation platform was used to gradually change the needle angle while capturing image data. Data analysis was automated using block‐matching‐based registration, with a tracking and refinement step. Every 25 frames, a Hough transform was used to improve needle alignments after large rotations. The method was demonstrated by comparing three commercial needles (14G radiofrequency ablation, RFA; 18G Trocar; 22G Chiba) and six prototype needles with different sizes, materials, and surface conditions (polished, sand‐blasted, and kerfed), within polyvinyl alcohol phantom tissue and ex vivo bovine liver models. For each needle and angle, a contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) was determined to quantify visibility. CNR values are presented as a function of needle type and insertion angle. In addition, the normalized area under the (CNR‐angle) curve was used as a summary metric to compare needles.ResultsIn phantom tissue, the first kerfed needle design had the largest normalized area of visibility and the polished 1 mm diameter stainless steel needle the smallest (0.704 ± 0.199 vs. 0.154 ± 0.027, p < 0.01). In the ex vivo model, the second kerfed needle design had the largest normalized area of visibility, and the sand‐blasted stainless steel needle the smallest (0.470 ± 0.190 vs. 0.127 ± 0.047, p < 0.001). As expected, the analysis showed needle visibility peaks at orthogonal insertion angles. For acute or obtuse angles, needle visibility was similar or reduced. Overall, the variability in needle visibility was considerably higher in livers.ConclusionThe best overall visibility was found with kerfed needles and the commercial RFA needle. The presented methodical approach to quantify ultrasound visibility allows comparisons of (echogenic) needles, as well as other technological innovations aiming to improve ultrasound visibility of percutaneous needles, such as coatings, material treatments, and beam steering approaches.
Development of a semi‐implicit contact methodology for finite volume stress solvers
Authors: Scolaro Alessandro , Fiorina Carlo , Clifford Ivor , Pautz Andreas 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe past decades have seen numerous efforts to apply the finite volume methodology to solid mechanics problems. However, only limited work has been done by the finite volume community toward the simulation of mechanical contact. In this article, we present a novel semi‐implicit methodology for the solution of static force‐loading contact problems with cell‐centered finite volume codes. Starting from the similarities with multi‐material problems, we derive an implicit discretization scheme for the normal contact stress with a straightforward inclusion of frictional forces and correction vectors for non‐orthogonal boundaries. With the introduction of a sigmoid blending function interpolating between contact stresses and gap pressure, the proposed approach is extended to cases with partially closed gap. The contact procedure is designed around an arbitrary mesh mapping algorithm to allow for non‐conformal meshes at the contact interface between the two bodies. Finally, we verify the contact methodology against five benchmarks cases.