bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbial quality and diversity of Caesio cunning and Scolopsis taenioptera harvested by using trap and trawl fishing techniques
Authors: Suhaimi M , Karim N U 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The degradation of fish quality and quantity along the supply chain contributes to the postharvest losses. Lack of hygienic practices, non-preprocessing fish and rough handling are the main factors of lowering the catch qualities. This study aims to investigate the microbiology quality and their diversity on coral fishes harvested from two different fishing techniques; trap and trawl. Two fish species; Caesio cunning and Scolopsis taenioptera were subjected to total bacteria, total coliform, Enterobacteriaceae sp., Pseudomonas sp., and yeast and mould analysis. The bacteria identification were further studied using Biomerieux Vitex identification system. The total bacteria count of Caesio cunning and Scolopsis taenioptera harvested by using trap showed a significant (p<0.05) lower amount compared similar species harvested using trawl technique. Furthermore, the pathogenic bacteria and yeast and moulds of Caesio cunning harvested from trap were significantly (p<0.05) lower compared to similar species harvested from trawl techniques. However, there is no significant difference of total coliform, Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas sp. and yeast and moulds found in Scolopsis taenioptera caught from either trap or trawl. The microflora found in both fish species was dominated by Aeromonas sp. Aeromonas sp. is a Gram-negative bacteria, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped.
Characteristics physicochemical of melanin from squid ink (loligo sp.) extracted by ethanol
Authors: Abidin F , Sulmartiwi L , Saputra E 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Squid ink is liquid waste from the fishery product processing industry, it has the potential to pollute the environment because it contains a lot of organic material. Squid ink contains pigment such as melanin which is a biological material and has many benefits. Extraction using polar solvents namely Ethanol. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different concentrations of ethanol solvents on the extraction of melanin from squid ink (Loligo sp.) on physicochemical characteristics. The treatment used is the difference in the concentration of the solvent given, namely HCl 2 M (P0), Ethanol 2 M (P1), and Ethanol 3 M (P2) each treatment was repeated six times. The parameters of this study were protein content, fat content, and ash content), and pigment colour analysis (FT-IR) test. The results of the study showed that the difference in the concentration of the solvent used affected the yield, proximate values (protein content, fat content, and ash content), and did not eliminate the melanin content in it after the FT-IR test. The characteristics physicochemical of melanin has a different result on every parameter test. The concentration of ethanol for extracted melanin from squid ink affects the characteristics of physicochemical.
Characterization of semi-refined kappa-carrageenan from Kappaphycus alvarezii with different solvents in Tanjung Sumenep
Authors: Noor H M , Alamsjah M A , Andriyono S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The quantity and quality of carrageenan produced is influenced by the method of extraction and the solvent. Characterization of the carrageenan products necessary to get certain standards so the carrageenan product acceptable to consumers both locally and internationally. The purpose of this research was to determine the solvents that can produce carrageenan from Kappaphycus alvarezii with the best characteristics and to compare the results of the extraction of carrageenan with international standards in order to obtain a standardized carrageenan. The results showed that the solvent produce a kappa-carrageenan from K. alvarezii with the best characteristics is NaOH 0.5 N. Kappa-carrageenan has been able to compared FAO, FCC and Marine Science Co., Ltd. standards for parameters : Gel strength, viscosity, sulfate content and ash content. Alkali able to extract and modify mu-carrageenan (precursor) into a kappa-carrageenan. The extraction process uses alkali caused the event ion exchange between cations in the solvent (K+ or Na+) ions with sulphate in the sea grass that reduced sulfate content. Need to do more research on the characterization of carrageenan include microbiological tests as well as the shelf life of carrageenan test.
Substitution of commercial feed with maggot meal (Hermetia illucens) to the growth rate, feed conversion ratio and feed efficiency catfish (Pangasius pangasius)
Authors: Ulumiah M , Lamid M , Pursetyo K T 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
One of the problems in the manufacture of artificial feed, among others, is a source of animal protein, that still use fish meal as a source of animal protein, so it is Necessary to find alternative feed ingredients one using commercial feed with flour substitution maggot, This research method using experimental methods and completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 4 replications items, namely P0 (0%), P1 (24%), P2 (49%), P3 (74%) and P4 (94%) measured parameters were growth rate, feed conversion ratio and feed efficiency. Analysis of the data using variant analysis (ANOVA) Followed by Duncan test multiple. ANOVA test research results indicate Significantly different (P <0.05) on growth rate, feed conversion ratio and feed efficiency catfish. The average value growth from 0.0650 to 0.0850, while the feed conversion ratio indicated resources by the average value of 1,1089-1.2625, and the results of catfish feed efficiency at 79.2%-90.3%, and water quality results Obtained from 2.5 to 30 ° C temperature, pH 6.5-8, and 3.6-4 DO. Based on this research maggot meal can be farmers are advised to use a substitute for commercial feed.
Effect of sublethal dose organophosphate pesticides on embryogenesis and hatching rate of silver rasbora eggs (Rasbora argyrotaenia)
Authors: Prastika A B , Sulmartiwi L , Lutfiyah L 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Silver rasbora is a fish that lives in freshwater, especially in river waters. However, the presence of silver rasbora fish is currently difficult to find due to environmental pollution. One of them is organophosphate pollution. This research aims to know how the effect of organophosphate pesticides with sublethal doses on embryo development and the hatchability of silver rasbora fish eggs. The research method was an experiment with a Completely Randomized Design as an experimental design. The treatments used were different organophosphate concentrations: 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 ppm, each treatment repeated four times. The main parameters were embryo development and hatchability of silver rasbora fish eggs. Statistical analysis using Analysis of Variance and to find out the difference between one treatment and the other treatment is Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. The results showed that the treatment of different organophosphate concentrations had a significant effect (P <0.05) on the speed of embryo development and the hatchability of silverfish eggs. The fastest embryo development occurred in treatment two ppm and the slowest at treatment 0 ppm. The highest hatchability of silverfish eggs was found in treatment K (93%) and the lowest in treatment two ppm (19.5%), which was not significantly different from treatment 1.5 ppm (26%).
Substitution of commercial feed with fermented banana peel flour (Musaceaea sp.) and fish meal to crude protein, energy, crude lipid and organic matter of meat in siamese catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus)
Authors: Darmawan R Z , Ghaisani S M , Agustono  , Al-Arif M A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This study aims to determine the effect of commercial feed substitution using fermentation of banana peel flour and fish meal on crude protein content, energy, crude fat, and organic matter in siamese catfish. This research used a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of five treatments and four replications. The treatments used included P0 (100% commercial feed), P1 (commercial feed 95% + 5% FTKPTI), P2 (commercial feed 90% + 10% FTKPTI), P3 (commercial feed 85% + 15% FTKPTI) and P4 ( commercial feed 80% + 20% FTKPTI). The parameters observed were crude protein content, energy, crude fat, and organic materials in the siamese catfish meat. The data obtained were then analyzed using ANOVA. The results showed that crude protein content in fish receiving fermentation of banana peel flour was significant different than those fish receiving fish meal (p <0.05). Furthermore, there was no significant difference (p> 0.05) on energy content, there was a significant difference (p <0.05) on crude fat content and there was no significant difference (p> 0.05) on the organic matter content in the siamese catfish meat. Fermented banana peel flour and fish meal can be used as a substitute for commercial feed up to a dose of 20%.
Formation of β-Be3N2 nanocrystallites in Be-implanted GaN
Authors: Peng Yi , Saleem Muhammad Farooq , Wei Wenwang , Ji Keyu , Guo Qi , Yue Yang , Chen Jie , Zhang Xuan , Wang Yukun , Sun Wenhong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A small Be ion dose of 5 × 1014 cm−2 was implanted in a 2 μm thick GaN epilayer at an energy of 50 keV. The sample was characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and Raman spectroscopy techniques after a post-implantation rapid thermal annealing (RTA) treatment. The HRTEM images show the crystallographic (1 1 0) and (0 0 2) planes of β-Be3N2. Two characteristic parallelograms drawn in Fast Fourier transform (FFT) image support the formation of β-Be3N2 nanocrystallites in RTA treated sample. Two Raman peaks at 168 and 199 cm−1 are observed in the Raman spectrum of the sample that are assigned to β-Be3N2 on the basis of group theory and HRTEM data. The Raman peak at 168 cm−1 is found close to the K point in the first Brillouin zone of β-Be3N2 while the peak at 199 cm−1 is assigned as a combination mode of the fundamental Raman modes of β-Be3N2.
Binding of SARS-CoV-2/SARS-CoV spike protein with human ACE2 receptor
Authors: Koirala Rajendra P , Thapa Bidhya , Khanal Shyam P , Powrel Jhulan , Adhikari Rajendra P , Adhikari Narayan P 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 virus is the serious health concern throughout the world. A comprehensive investigation of binding of SARS-CoV-2 active site with host receptor protein hACE2 is important in designing effective drugs. In the present work, the major amino acid binding partners between the virus CTD and host receptor have been studied and are compared with SARS-CoV RBD binding with hACE2. Our investigation show that some unique hydrogen bond pairs which were not reported in previous work. Along with hydrogen bonding, salt-bridges, hydrophobic interactions and contributions of electrostatic and van der Waals contacts play significant role in binding mechanism. The binding affinity of SARS-CoV-2 CTD/hACE2 is greater than SARS-CoV RBD/hACE2. This outcome is also verified from the free energy estimation by using umbrella sampling.
Energy regeneration from vehicle unidirectional suspension system by a non-contact piezo-magneto harvester
Authors: Alhumaid Saleh , Hess Daniel , Guldiken Rasim 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Potential energy is wasted from vehicle vibration caused by road roughness. The suspension system absorbs vibration and dissipates energy in the form of heat. The dissipated energy can be recaptured into useful energy to enhance electric vehicles efficiency. This paper proposes a dual-mass unidirectional shock absorber with a piezoelectric harvester to assess the potential power that can be harvested from vibration. The regenerative suspension can be divided into two parts: transmission module and conversion module. The components of the transmission model are rack and pinion, bevel gears, planetary gearbox, shaft, and overrunning clutch that make the harvester rotates in one direction. The conventional electromagnetic model is replaced by a conversion model that consists of piezoelectric plates that are excited by magnetic forces induced by rectangular magnetic plates that are uniformly placed on an internal ring rotator and concentric external ring stator. A mathematical model is built to describe the process and calculate the power output resulting from the piezoelectric plates. The theoretical results illustrate a root mean square of output power of 16 W and 242 W can be achieved with a ring radius of 0.05 m with vehicle speed 120 km/h on good road condition and poor road condition, respectively.
NNETFIX: an artificial neural network-based denoising engine for gravitational-wave signals
Authors: Mogushi Kentaro , Quitzow-James Ryan , Cavaglià Marco , Kulkarni Sumeet , Hayes Fergus 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Instrumental and environmental transient noise bursts in gravitational-wave (GW) detectors, or glitches, may impair astrophysical observations by adversely affecting the sky localization and the parameter estimation of GW signals. Denoising of detector data is especially relevant during low-latency operations because electromagnetic follow-up of candidate detections requires accurate, rapid sky localization and inference of astrophysical sources. NNETFIX is a machine learning, artificial neural network-based algorithm designed to estimate the data containing a transient GW signal with an overlapping glitch as though the glitch was absent. The sky localization calculated from the denoised data may be significantly more accurate than the sky localization obtained from the original data or by removing the portion of the data impacted by the glitch. We test NNETFIX in simulated scenarios of binary black hole coalescence signals and discuss the potential for its use in future low-latency LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA searches. In the majority of cases for signals with a high signal-to-noise ratio, we find that the overlap of the sky maps obtained with the denoised data and the original data is better than the overlap of the sky maps obtained with the original data and the data with the glitch removed.
Dispersal Mechanism Assessment forPanonychus citri(Acari: Tetranychidae) Secondary Outbreaks
Authors: Qayyoum Muhammad Asif , Song Zi-Wei , Zhang Bao-Xin , Li Dun-Song 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSecondary population outbreaks of Panonychus citri (McGregor) (Acari: Tetranychidae) are triggered by synthetic chemical applications (dose and method), which also elicited a change in mites’ behavioral responses. This study aimed to understand the dispersal pattern of P. citri and how changes in dispersal behavior may influence secondary pest outbreaks in the field with or without chemicals. We found positive density and time-dependent dispersal within the inoculated leaflet. Dispersion from inoculated leaflets to the last leaflet depends on initial density and time. A significant difference was observed in the composite dispersal index data and preferred midrib region. The minimum dispersal was observed by P. citri in no direct contact with treated surfaces, whereas attraction was observed on treated surfaces (right). All chemicals gave different dispersal and feed disruption responses depending on the treatment application pattern. The maximum number of mites dispersed and avoid surfaces treated with abamectin and vegetable oil, respectively. Vegetable and EnSpray 99 had a positive impact on toxicity, repellency, and irritancy. The fecundity rate of P. citri boosted with a high dose and direct exposure. Panonychus citri colonization as a single individual or gregarious distribution resulted in a rapid fecundity rate, which may explain why citrus orchards were severely damaged and how suddenly a whole citrus plantation can be highly infested. This study concluded that change in treatment application patterns leads to a change in the behavioral responses in P. citri.
We All Need Philosophy Of Science: Analyticism As A Vehicle For Explanatory Understanding In Multi-method Research
Authors: Okpotor Faith I 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Explaining and Understanding are considered mutually exclusive in political research. In this view, Explaining involves making observations as an outsider, with emphasis on causal laws, generalizations, and predictions. Conversely, Understanding occurs from the inside, with emphasis on meaning-making. This research note addresses Explaining, Understanding, and the related concept of reflexivity in multi-method/mixed-method research involving fieldwork. Rather than taking for granted the dichotomy between Explaining and Understanding that stems from Cartesian anxiety, I argue for the non-mutually exclusive alternative of ‘explanatory understanding’ and propose analyticism as the appropriate methodological path. An analyticist methodology involves creating a model that is a general account of a phenomenon, which is then used in case-specific analytical narratives to reveal departures from the model. Since understanding requires adequate explanation, explanatory understanding helps us better make sense of the world. Therefore, Explaining and Understanding are not merely oppositional stances between identifying causes and making sense. We cannot identify causes without making sense, and making sense involves a degree of causal inference. Explanatory understanding also necessitates reflexivity, which I conceptualize as methodological and personal positionality. I apply these arguments to my study of post-election violence in West Africa, drawing on fieldwork experience in Ghana, Nigeria, and Côte d’Ivoire.
Guidance on the treatment of antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia when switching the antipsychotic is not an option
Authors: Rusgis Matthew M , Alabbasi Afaq Y , Nelson Leigh Anne 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Purpose
This article aims to evaluate management options for antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia and associated treatment considerations such as efficacy, tolerability, drug interactions, contraindications, and dosing regimens.

Summary
Hyperprolactinemia is a common adverse effect of antipsychotics. First-line management includes reducing the dose of the offending antipsychotic, discontinuing the antipsychotic, or switching to another antipsychotic associated with a lower risk of hyperprolactinemia. However, these options are not always practical and are associated with a risk of relapse of the psychiatric illness. Other management options include adjunctive aripiprazole, dopamine agonists (cabergoline and bromocriptine), metformin, and herbal supplements. A search of Embase, PubMed, and Google Scholar using key terms such as hyperprolactinemia, prolactin, antipsychotic, treatment guidelines, aripiprazole, dopamine agonist, cabergoline, bromocriptine, metformin, herbals, supplements, and medications was conducted for literature retrieval. Upon evaluation of the available literature we found the following: (1) aripiprazole is safe and effective in lowering prolactin levels within normal limits; (2) adjunctive cabergoline and bromocriptine decrease elevated prolactin levels, while cabergoline may be more effective in reducing prolactin but can also be associated with a more serious adverse effect of cardiac valvular abnormalities; (3) metformin causes a mild reduction of prolactin levels; and (4) there are limited data to support use of herbal medications (chamomile, Peony-Glycyrrhiza decoction, and shakuyaku-kanzo-to) in antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia

Conclusion
There are treatments available for antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia in patients who are unable to alter their current antipsychotic regimen. However, there remains a need for additional short- and long-term studies to determine the efficacy and safety of these treatment strategies, given that patients taking antipsychotics typically require chronic, life-long treatment for their illnesses.
Co-ordination between xylem anatomy, plant architecture and leaf functional traits in response to abiotic and biotic drivers in a nurse cushion plant
Authors: García-Cervigón Ana I , García-López María A , Pistón Nuria , Pugnaire Francisco I , Olano José Miguel 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
Plants in dry Mediterranean mountains experience a double climatic stress: at low elevations, high temperatures coincide with water shortage during summer, while at high elevations temperature decreases and water availability increases. Cushion plants often act as nurses by improving the microclimate underneath their canopies, hosting beneficiary species that may reciprocally modify their benefactors’ microenvironment. We assess how the nurse cushion plant Arenaria tetraquetra subsp. amabilis adjusts its hydraulic system to face these complex abiotic and biotic constraints.

Methods
We evaluated intra-specific variation and co-ordination of stem xylem anatomy, leaf functional traits and plant architecture in response to elevation, aspect and the presence of beneficiary species in four A. tetraquetra subsp. amabilis populations in the Sierra Nevada mountains, southern Spain.

Key Results
Xylem anatomical and plant architectural traits were the most responsive to environmental conditions, showing the highest mutual co-ordination. Cushions were more compact and had smaller, more isolated conductive vessels in the southern than in the northern aspect, which allow minimization of the negative impacts of more intense drought. Only vessel size, leaf mass per area and terminal branch length varied with elevation. Nurse cushions co-ordinated plant architecture and xylem traits, having higher canopy compactness, fewer leaves per branch and fewer, more isolated vessels than non-nurse cushions, which reflects the negative effects of beneficiary plants on nurse water status. In non-nurse cushions, plant architecture co-ordinated with leaf traits instead. The interacting effects of aspect and elevation on xylem traits showed that stress due to frost at high elevation constrained xylem anatomy in the north, whereas stress due to drought had a parallel effect in the south.

Conclusions
Trait co-ordination was weaker under more demanding environmental conditions, which agrees with the hypothesis that trait independence allows plants to better optimize different functions, probably entailing higher adjustment potential against future environmental changes.
WDNE: an integrative graphical model for inferring differential networks from multi-platform gene expression data with missing values
Authors: Ou-Yang Le , Cai Dehan , Zhang Xiao-Fei , Yan Hong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The mechanisms controlling biological process, such as the development of disease or cell differentiation, can be investigated by examining changes in the networks of gene dependencies between states in the process. High-throughput experimental methods, like microarray and RNA sequencing, have been widely used to gather gene expression data, which paves the way to infer gene dependencies based on computational methods. However, most differential network analysis methods are designed to deal with fully observed data, but missing values, such as the dropout events in single-cell RNA-sequencing data, are frequent. New methods are needed to take account of these missing values. Moreover, since the changes of gene dependencies may be driven by certain perturbed genes, considering the changes in gene expression levels may promote the identification of gene network rewiring. In this study, a novel weighted differential network estimation (WDNE) model is proposed to handle multi-platform gene expression data with missing values and take account of changes in gene expression levels. Simulation studies demonstrate that WDNE outperforms state-of-the-art differential network estimation methods. When applied WDNE to infer differential gene networks associated with drug resistance in ovarian tumors, cell differentiation and breast tumor heterogeneity, the hub genes in the estimated differential gene networks can provide important insights into the underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, a Matlab toolbox, differential network analysis toolbox, was developed to implement the WDNE model and visualize the estimated differential networks.