bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Temperature on Gas and Liquid Products Distribution in Thermal Cracking of Nigerian Bitumen
Authors: OLAREMU ABIMBOLA GEORGE , ODEBUNMI Ezekiel Oluyemi , ANDERSON Jim A 
Published: July 2021

The increasing population growth resulting in the tremendous increase in consumption of fuels, energy, and petrochemical products and coupled with the depletion in conventional crude oil reserves and production make it imperative for Nigeria to explore her bitumen reserves so as to meet her energy and petrochemicals needs. Samples of Agbabu bitumen were subjected to thermal cracking in a tubular steel reactor operated at 10 bar pressure to investigate the effect of temperature on the cracking reaction. The gas produced was analyzed in a Gas Chromatograph while the liquid products were subjected to Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Heptane was the dominant gas produced in bitumen cracking at all temperatures and the reaction products show a distribution of lighter hydrocarbons most of which are in the gasoline range. The product distribution of bitumen conversion depends strongly on the cracking temperature and the oil produced contains the valuable liquid fractions. The products of thermal cracking of bitumen can be classified into the following groups; alkanes, alkenes, amines, aromatics, alkanoic acids, alkanols, esters, ethers, ketones, sulphur compounds, and nitrogen compounds. The activation energies of the products formed were determined. The LNG produced all have unusually low values activation energy (hence easily converted) pointing to the high quality of Agbabu crude
The conversion process was affected by the reaction time and suggests that the transformation of bitumen into smaller fractions follows a definite reaction scheme in which the heavy oil transformed to lower fractions and was subsequently converted to smaller liquid fractions and gases.
Skrining Fitokimia dan Uji Aktivitas Sitotoksik dari Tumbuhan Sarang Semut (Myrmecodia beccarii Hook.f.) Asal Kabupaten Merauke
Authors: Mardany Modustriati P. , Chrystomo Linus Y. , Karim Aditya K. 
Published: July 2021

Sarang semut (Myrmecodia beccariiÂ Hook.f.) is a famous medicinal plant of Papua, which has traditionally potential in treating a wide variety of mild and severe illnesses, such as cancers and tumors, gout, coronary heart disease, hemorrhoids, tuberculosis, migraines, rheumatism, and leukemia. The purposes of this study were to determine the content of the active compound group and the cytotoxic activity of sarang semut plants from Merauke Region. The extraction was done by maceration using 96 % ethanol. The concentration of ethanolic extract were 0, 25, 50, 75, 100 ppm. The results of the study showed that the cytotoxic activity determine using BSLT (Brine ShrimpÂ Lethality Test)Â method have a high cytotoxic activity with LC50Â values of 22.86 ppmÂ and containing the active compound namely flavonoids, tannins and saponins separately. The ethanolic extract of tuber of sarang semut (M. beccarii) has a high cytotoxic activity against larvae of Artemia salina LeachÂ according BSLT method.Â Key words:Â Active compound, M.Â beccarii, cytotoxic activity, Merauke.
Bakteri Proteolitik Pada Ikan Tongkol (Euthynnus affinis) Hasil Proses Pengasapan Tradisional dan Modern
Authors: Fretes Marthin De , Gunaedi Tri , Surbakti Suriani Br 
Published: July 2021

Proteolytic bacteria are commonly found in food. As protein degrading bacteria they are also found in processed foods using both modern and traditional methods causing decreased quality of food products.Â The purpose of this study was to identify theÂ proteolytic bacteria lived in tuna after traditional and modern fogging activity. The research method was a laboratory experiment and sampling was performed on purposive sampling method with consideration that the size,Â the time, and the freshness of the fish are homogeneous. The samples were 72 tuna fish obtained directly from fishermen in the Hamadi area, Jayapura. Observations were made on proteolytic bacteria test, organoleptic, TPC, water content and pH. The results showed that there are 18 different proteolytic bacteria colonies that are found in fish processed with traditional and modern way.Â Inhibition of the proteolytic bacteria of fresh fish are from 26 bacteria species into 4 bacteria (traditional) and 26 bacteria species two bacteria (modern). DurabilityÂ level of smoked fish (traditional)Â ranges 5.78-1.00; smoked fish (modern) are 6.93-3.89. Smoked fish quality score isÂ (traditional): 4Â :Â 31, smoked fish (modern) is 6Â :Â 11. Factors causing the number of proteolytic bacteria in smoked fish areÂ mishandlingÂ of the product, cross-contamination, no sanitary of Â fumigationÂ places.Key words:Â mackarel tuna fish, proteolytic bacteria, traditional and modern process
Struktur Vegetasi dan Nilai Ekonomi Hutan Mangrove Teluk Youtefa, Kota Jayapura, Papua
Authors: HAndono Nurtanti , Tanjung Rosye H.R. , Zebua Lisye I. 
Published: July 2021

Increasing population may result in excessive changes of land use and natural resource utilization. Local communities of mangrove forest areas have been dependent heavily on forest conditions to survive. Conversion of forest to development requirements isÂ apparently to affect the structure and income of local communities who live traditionally in the region. The purpose of the study is to understand the structure of mangrove forest vegetation and changes of people's income depending their live on mangrove forests in the Bay of Youtefa, Jayapura. Sampling method was purposive sampling of respondents and mangrove vegetation analysis was conducted using line transect method. The plot size were 10 x 10 m2; 5 x 5 m2; and 2 x 2 m2Â used for viewing the ecological importance valua index (IVI) of tree, stake and seedling. The results showed that there were 10 known species of mangrove dominated by Rhizophora apiculata, R. mucronataÂ and R. stylosaÂ respectively. R. mucronataÂ dominated the area and has the highest importance value index (IVI) level. Development structure including means of transportation (flying bridge) have a major impact on the local community Increasing economic losses. There is a decrease of direct income of communities as much as 2.05 billion per year (from 5.65 billion to 3.61 billion per year).Key words: mangrove ecosystem, vegetation structure, economic value, Jayapura.
Studi Kesesuaian Lahan Budidaya Rumput Laut Berdasarkan Parameter Biofisik Perairan di Yensawai Distrik Batanta Utara Kabupaten Raja Ampat
Authors: Runtuboi Dirk , Paulungan Yunus P. , Gunaedi Tri 
Published: July 2021

One of the potential areas for developing mariculture in Raja Ampat Regency is Yensawai. This research aim to determine biophysical parameter for seaweed culture. The parameters were proped in to four classes; high suitable, suitble, currently not suitableÂ and permanently not suitable. The result showed that the cultivation area size were 14 hectares, where Ramon 1 and Ramon 2 Stations were categorized as currently not suitable, while Warkabas and Metabai stations were grouped into suitable for seawed cultivation.Key words: analysis of suitability, seaweed cultivation, Yensawai
Kearifan Lokal Perlindungan Ikan Arwana Irian (Scleropages jardinii, Saville-Kent 1892) di Merauke, Papua
Authors: Putra I Ketut D. , Ohee Henderite L. , Zebua Lisye I. 
Published: July 2021

Australian bonytongue (Scleropages jardinii) is an endemic species of Papua. The distribution area of this fish are north Australia and central-southern New Guinea. In Papua, this species can be found in Merauke, Boven Digoel and Mappi. This fish is protected by Indonesian law and decided as hunting animal by Ministry of Forestryâ€™s decree Number: 2091/Kpts-II/2001. Traditionally, the fish and other natural sources are protected by community of Yeinan tribal in Erambu and Toray Villages who reside along Wanggo River, tributary of Maro River, Merauke. The purpose of this research is to understand local knowledge and practices of protecting and collecting fish by local people of Villages of Erambu and Toray. The research was conducted in Wanggo River, Erambu and Toray Villages, Merauke on September 2017-April 2018. Data and information on this local knowledge and practice were collected through observation and interview to key and base informants using questionnaire. The research envisages that there are five local knowledges and practices exist in relation to the protection and the process of collecting Australian bonytongue; they are traditional rules, traditional protection, sasi protection, area based collection and collection as traditional practice. People of Yeinan tribal group in these two villages are maintaining these rules to date to protect the fish. These local knowledge and traditional practices contain local conservation values which have been passing down from generation to generation.Â Â Key words: local knowledge; Merauke; protection; S. jardinii; Wanggo River
Konservasi dan Kondisi Terumbu Karang di Kampung Saporkren Distrik Waigeo Selatan, Kabupaten Raja Ampat, Papua Barat
Authors: Bartholomeus Marthen L.R. , Runtuboi Dirk Y.P. , Tanjung Rosye H.R. 
Published: July 2021

Conservation effort and knowledge on coral reef ecosystem are necessary to protect marine ecosystem. Coral reef ecosystem is very important to support marine biota especially fishes and benthos. The presence of coral reef indirectly support local people income, therefore is is necessary to conserve coral reef ecosystem. District of South Waigeo is one of tourist area as well as preserve area in Raja Ampat Regency of Papua Barat Province.Â The aim of this study is to identify the current condition of coral reef in Saporken Village of South waigeo District.Â Data were collected by survey method usingÂ coral reefs Point intercept transect method, observation and interviews to determine the social, economicÂ and culturalÂ impact., and measures taken to manage coral reef management in village Saporkren Marine Protected Areas.Â The results showed that knowledge Saporkren Village community, the conservation community knows about how destructive such arrests are not carried out the bombing, while the traditional way people work is local wisdom. Condition of coral cover in the village of Marine Protected Areas Saporkren in good condition (live coral cover=51%) and very good water quality, flow velocity at high tide ranged from 4.25 to 22.3 cm/sec and the flow velocity at low tide over small ranging from 5.07 to 19.60 cm/sec, salinity ranged from 32â€“35â€° and wave height ranged from 0.75 m. Based on the results of this study concluded that: Village community know Saporkren conservation activities of local government programs, and the traditional way to preserve coral reef still implemented.Key words: Conservation, coral reefs, Saporkren village, Raja Ampat.Â
Daya Hambat Ekstrak Etanolik Buah Sirih Hijau (Piper betle L.) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Jamur Candida albicans (ATCC 1805)
Authors: Rampa Ester 
Published: July 2021

The research had been conducted in the Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, the University of CenderawasihÂ during Septemberâ€“November 2012. The aims of the research were to understandÂ the effect of green betel fruit extract inhibition against the C. albicans, as well as the effective concentration of extract to inhibit the growth of the fungus. Fruit samples were obtained from the Koya KosoÂ village, Abepura District, Jayapura city, while the fungal isolates of C. albicansÂ was obtained from the Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Padjadjaran. The study was performed using a method of disk diffusion method with concentration of 10%, 5%, 2.5% and control, while indicator parameter were measured based on the presence of inhibition zone caused by inhibition treatment. The study was designed on a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and the data were analyzed using analysis of variance at Î±= 0.5 and Î±= 0.1. The presences of significant differences of data were further analyzed using Least Significance Differences (LSD) analyses. The results showed that all green betel fruit extract concentrations effectively inhibited the growth of the fungus C. albicansÂ and concentration of 10% revealed the best inhibition effect.Key words: Inhibitory effect, Piper betle L, fruit extract, fungus.Â
Keragaman Kumbang (Coleoptera: Famili Tenebrionidae) di Distrik Bonggo, Kabupaten Sarmi, Papua
Authors: Warikar Evie L. 
Published: July 2021

Diversity study of beetles from Family of Tenebrionidae was conducted at forest areas in the district Bonggo, Sarmi Papua from September-October 2010. The Beetles were collected using a cross-wet trap placed at three locations in the former logged merbau (IntsiaÂ sp.) and sengonÂ (Albisia sp.) areas. The data collected were the number of species and number of individuals in each species with indicators to compare beetle diversity based on species richness (s). The result showed that out of a total of 8 individuals of Tenebrionidae, there were seven different species identified during field observations. The highest number of beetles was found in the former logged Intsia spare as (4 species at third location and 2 species at the first location) followed by former logged Albisia sp areas (1 species at both locations).KeyÂ words: diversity,Â beetles, Tenebrionidae; Bonggo District, Jayapura.
Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri dan Antioksidan Ekstrak Pigmen Klorofil Rumput Laut Caulerpa racemosa (Forsskal) J.Agardh
Authors: Dimara Lisiard , Yenusi Tien Y.B 
Published: July 2021

The determination of antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Chlorophyll pigment of Caulerpa racemosaÂ (Forsskal) J.Agardh is described in this study. The aim of the study was to find out the effectiveness of chlorophyll extract in inhibiting growth of StaphylococcusÂ aureusÂ and Escherichia coli. Paper disc method was used to study the hampering the ability of chlorophyll toward both bacteria, and the DPPH (1,1-difenil-2-dipikrilhidrazil)Â method was used to find out the antioxidant activity. The result showed that extract chlorophyll can inhibit the growth of both bacteria at the concentration of 100% with the inhibition diameter zone 2.170 cm and 2.100 cm respectively. Whereas the IC50Â of the chlorophyll is 2350.3 ppm can be served as an antioxidants.Â Â Â Key words: antibacterial, antioxidants, chlorophyll, Caulerparacemosa (ForsskÃ¥l) J.Agardh.
Keragaman dan Kelimpahan Plankton Sebagai Bioindikator Kualitas Lingkungan di Perairan Pantai Jayapura
Authors: Sulistiowati Dewi , Tanjung Rosye H.R. , Lantang Daniel 
Published: July 2021

The aims of this research were to know the water environmental quality and to determine the diversity and abundance of plankton in Youtefa and Yos Sudarso Bay. The Sampling was conducted from October 2012 to January 2013 at two observation stations of Youtefa Bay and four observation stations of Yos Sudarso Bay during the dry and rainy seasons. The Sampling of plankton in each observation stations were made horizontally using a plankton net size number of 25. Biological data are determined using diversity index, uniformity index, dominance index and abundance calculations.Â Physico-chemical parameters were analyzed descriptively by comparing the result data of research with waters quality standards for marineâ€™s biota based on decree of Environment Minister No. 51 year 2004.Â The results of water quality showed that in general, the quality of aquatic environment in Youtefa and Yos Sudarso Bay did not comply with water quality standards for marineâ€™s biota issued by The Minister of Environment of Republic of Indonesia.Â While based on the diversity index analysis, water quality in Youtefa and Yos Sudarso Bay was categorized as a half polluted-heavily polluted. Diversity of plankton in Youtefa and Yos Sudarso Bay during the dry and rainy seasons was categorized as low-medium. Abundance of plankton in Youtefa and Yos Sudarso Bay was in low category.Â Key words:Â Abundance, diversity, plankton, Youtefa Bay, Yos Sudarso Bay.
Domestifikasi Anggrek di Distrik Merauke Kabupaten Meraukeâ€“Papua
Authors: Burok Helena G. , Tanjung Rosye H.R. , Warpur Maklon 
Published: July 2021

Inventory study of cultivated orchid in District Merauke, Merauke City was done from Marchâ€“June 2006. Â Survey methods was used in this study. There were ten species of orchid in this area, consisted of 8 species of native Papuan orchids (Acriopsis javanica Reinw, Dendrobium anthenatum, Dendrobium diskolour Lind, Dendrobium konkolor Lind, Dendrobium nindii, Dendrobium johanes, and two hibrids), and 2 introduce species (Phalaenopsis sp and Phalaenopis amabilis). Dendrobium anthenatum, Dendrobium diskolour Lind, Dendrobium konkolor Lind, andÂ Dendrobium johanes were the most frequently found species, Dendrobium johanes Â were mostly encountered on the bark of eucalypt tree on secondary forest wich had high humidity. The problems in orchid cultivation in those area were drought, pest, pathogen, and lack of guidance in orchid cultivation as well.Â Key words: Inventory, orchid, Merauke District, Merauke City.Â Â
Inventarisasi Jenis Tumbuhan Pangan Lokal pada Masyarakat Ambaidiru Distrik Kosiwo, Kabupaten Yapen Waropen
Authors: Sembori Fali , Tanjung Rosye H.R. 
Published: July 2021

This study had aim to explore plant species which were used as local food by Ambaidiru people, which part of the plant and how they used, also what species that have been cultivated. This reseach was done from April â€“ June 2007 using survey methods. The result showed that there were 54 species consist of 36 families of locally food source. Among them, 16 species categorized as fruit, 14 species as vegetable, and 5 species as fiber. Most of them were introduced species (74.1%), while the rest (25,9%) were local species, i.e. Passiflora foetida L. (Passifloraceae) and Pometia pinnataÂ (Sapindaceae). Introduced plant species mostly have been cultivated by the local people. This was result of the long term cultural interaction between local people and the invader.Â Key words: local food plant, Ambaidiru people, Yapen Waropen
Struktur, Komposisi Jenis Pohon dan Nilai Ekologi Vegetasi Kawasan Hutan di Kampung Sewan Distrik Sarmi, Kabupaten Sarmi
Authors: Kabelen Floriana , Warpur Maklon 
Published: July 2021

This study was to obtain the description of tropical lowland forest of Papua in Sewan village, Sarmi District, Jayapura region. The main objective was to investigate the structure, species composition and ecological value of the forest vegetation. Research methods included line transect, documentation, interview and literature review. Index Shannon Wiener was used to determine the level of species diversity. The results revealed that 27 tree species that grouped into 17 families inhabited the study area. The density of trees was 209 individuals/ha. A number of saplings were identified into 17 species and grouped into 15 families with the density 104 individuals/ha. At the tree level, species with the high important value (IV) index.Â important value (IV) indexÂ wereÂ Pometia pinnata Forst. (54.31%), Macaranga giganteaÂ M.A. (45.33%), Knema sp. (27.37%), Nauclea orientalisÂ L. (20.69%), Intsia palembanicaÂ Miq. (13.86%),Â and the other species had lower INP. At the saplings level species that had high INP wereÂ Pometia pinnataÂ Forst. (84.05%), Horsfieldia sylvestrisÂ Warb. (34.87%),Â Knema sp (25.92%), Celtis nerifolia (22.54%), and Pterocarpus indicusÂ Willd. (18.12%). Diversity index at tree level and saplings level were 2.73 and 1.91 respectively, and this showed the high diversity of the trees compared to that of the saplings. The ecological value of the forest in Sewan village included the function as watershed area, buffer zone for the wildlife and as habitat for several fauna especially birds and bats.Â Key words: analysis of vegetation, species of trees, Sewan village, Sarmi.
Pengaruh Konsentrasi Asam Cuka terhadap Sporulasi Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill Strain-Wamena pada Medium Beras Pera Sebagai Agen Hayati
Authors: Patandungan Rini , Tanjung Rosye H.R. , Kamarea Mesak 
Published: July 2021

This study carried out at Laboratory of Biology, Division of Food and Cultivated Plants Protection, Jayapura from January-June 2008. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of citric acid (CH3COOH) concentration on rate of growth and spore production of Beauveria bassianaÂ (Bals.) Vuill. strain Wamena which grow in short grain rice (beras pera) media. Six different concentration of citric acid (CH3COOH) Â were 0; 0,025%; 0, 05%; 0,075%; 0,1% and 0,125% with 5 replicates for each concentration, complete random design were used. Result of this study showed that 0.05% of citric acid significantly affected spore production which mean potential Â for biological Â control Â agent.Â Key words: Beauveria bassianaÂ (Bals.) Vuill Strain Wamena, rice medium, biological control agent.Â
Karakteristik Morfologi dan Uji Kandungan Nutrisi Pisang Batu (Musa balbisiana Colla) di Kabupaten Kuantan Singingi
Authors: Prayogi Slamet , Fitmawati Fitmawati , Sofiyanti Nery 
Published: July 2021

Musa balbisianaÂ CollaÂ in Kuantan Singingi RegencyÂ can survive from the disease thatÂ cause banana in many other areas loss their diversity. Currently, there is no information about the diversity of M. balbisianaÂ from Kuantan Singingi.Â The purposesÂ of this study were to record, characterize,Â and measure the diversity of M. balbisianaÂ fromÂ Kuantan Singingi based on the morphologicalÂ characters. M. balbisianaÂ Colla samples were collected from three locations in kuantan singingi, i.e. Pangean, Cerenti, and Inuman. A total of 88 morphological characters of M. balbisianaÂ were analyzed. The UPGMA analysis was conducted to find out the diversity of M. balbisiana. The result showed that there were six M. balbisianaÂ cultivars, namely Aceh, Bungo, Kara, Jambi, Nipah, and Beluluk which were found in this study. The similarity coefficient values of theseÂ sixÂ bananaÂ cultivars was ranged from 63-89Â %. Cluster analysis based on 88 morphologicalÂ characters of M. balbisianaÂ produced dendogram with 2 primary groups atÂ percentage of similarity values of 66Â %. Â Kara cultivar contained the highest carbohydrates, vitamin C, fiber and sodium content, while aceh cultivar had the highest potassium content.Â Key words: diversity, Kuantan Singingi, morphology, M. balbisiana, nutrient content
Uji Perbandingan Penetapan Kadar Sediaan Tablet Allopurinol 300 mg Generik dengan Nama Dagang Beredar di Distrik Sentani, Jayapura
Authors: Rusnaeni Rusnaeni , Simaremare Eva S. 
Published: July 2021

Allupurinol is a medicine to treat gout especially to minimize the quantity of uric acid inside human blood. This study aims to understand the quality of gout drugs particularly the standard of Allupurinol between generic 300 mg and others Allupurinol tablet in retails at Jayapura Regency. Survey method has been used and samples were collected from Sentani district, Jayapura Regency. Spectrophotometer was used to determine the rate of Allupurinol. The results proved that in Allupurinol generic (A) the rate was 100.28% and generic (B) was 99.044%. For others tablet non generic with naming (a) the rate of Allupurinol as 99.46% while (b) was 100.77%. It means the averages of Allupurinol contain in generic was 99.6% and non-generic was 100.12%. According to Indonesian Farmakope Manual 4thÂ Edition, the rate of Allupurinol contains in a drug must be 93.0% for minimum and canâ€™t be more than 107.0%. Our study shown that Allupurinol generic with (A) label and non-generic with (b) label are based on the Indonesian Farmakope Standard 4thÂ Edition.Â Â Key words:Â Tablet Allopurinol, Penetapan generik, Jayapura. Â