bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 Interstitial Pneumonia Exhibit Pancreatic Hyperenzymemia and Not Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Pezzilli Raffaele , Centanni Stefano , Mondoni Michele , Rinaldo Rocco F. , Davì Matteo , Stefanelli Rossana , Melzi d'Eril Gianvico , Barassi Alessandra 
Published: May 2021

Objectives
Gastrointestinal manifestations of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) have been well established, but pancreatic involvement is under debate. Our aims were to evaluate the presence of acute pancreatitis in COVID-19 patients and to assess the frequency of pancreatic hyperenzymemia.

Methods
From April 1, 2020, to April 30, 2020, 110 consecutive patients (69 males, 41 females; mean age, 63.0 years; range, 24–93 years) met these criteria and were enrolled in the study. The clinical data and serum activity of pancreatic amylase and lipase were assayed in all patients using commercially available kits.

Results
None of the patients studied developed clinical signs or morphological alterations compatible with acute pancreatitis. However, it was found that 24.5% of the patients had amylase values above 53 IU/L and 16.4% had lipase values above 300 IU/L. Only 1 patient (0.9%) had both amylase and lipase values in excess of 3-fold the upper normal limit without clinical signs of pancreatitis.

Conclusions
The presence of pancreatic hyperenzymemia in a patient with COVID-19 requires the management of these patients be guided by clinical evaluation and not merely by evaluation of the biochemical results.
Gastrointestinal Factors Associated With Hospitalization in Infants With Cystic Fibrosis: Results From the Baby Observational and Nutrition Study
Authors: Sathe Meghana , Huang Rong , Heltshe Sonya , Eng Alexander , Borenstein Elhanan , Miller Samuel I. , Hoffman Lucas , Gelfond Daniel , Leung Daniel H. , Borowitz Drucy , Ramsey Bonnie , Freeman A. Jay 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
To identify factors that increase the risk of gastrointestinal-related (GI-related) hospitalization of infants with cystic fibrosis (CF) during the first year of life.

Methods:
The Baby Observational and Nutrition Study was a longitudinal, observational cohort of 231 infants diagnosed with CF by newborn screening. We performed a post-hoc assessment of the frequency and indications for GI-related admissions during the first year of life.

Results:
Sixty-five participants had at least one admission in the first 12 months of life. High pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT) dosing (>2000 lipase units/kg per meal; hazard ratio [HR] = 14.75, P = 0.0005) and use of acid suppressive medications (HR = 4.94, P = 0.01) during the study period were positively associated with subsequent GI-related admissions. High levels of fecal calprotectin (fCP) (>200 μg/g) and higher relative abundance of fecal Klebsiella pneumoniae were also positively associated with subsequent GI-related admissions (HR = 2.64, P = 0.033 and HR = 4.49, P = 0.002, respectively). During the first 12 months of life, participants with any admission had lower weight-for-length z scores (WLZ) (P = 0.01). The impact of admission on WLZ was particularly evident in participants with a GI-related admission (P < 0.0001).

Conclusions:
Factors associated with a higher risk for GI-related admission during the first 12 months include high PERT dosing, exposure to acid suppressive medications, higher fCP levels, and/or relative abundance of fecal K pneumoniae early in life. Infants with CF requiring GI-related hospitalization had lower WLZ at 12 months of age than those not admitted as well as those admitted for non-GI-related indications.
Midfacial Degloving Technique for Free Flap Reconstruction of Nasal and Anterior Skull Base Defects
Authors: Roubaud Margaret S. , Patel Sneha D. , Hanasono Matthew M. 
Published: May 2021

Summary:
Traditionally, surgical access for extirpation and reconstruction of midfacial tumors requires external incisions that can cause a myriad of complications, especially in irradiated patients. The modern midfacial degloving approach involves hidden, sublabial and intranasal incisions that provide reliable access for free flap reconstruction of nasal and maxillofacial tumors. Seven patients with a history of radiation therapy underwent free flap reconstruction of the midface. Five patients underwent the technique in a delayed manner, and the remaining two underwent reconstruction immediately at the time of resection. Five patients underwent free radial forearm fasciocutaneous free flaps and two underwent reconstruction with anterolateral thigh perforator flaps. Bone and/or rib cartilage grafting was used in all patients. All patients underwent successful free flap reconstruction of the midface without external incisions. The most common complication was postoperative infection requiring oral or intravenous antibiotics. No patients sustained loss of their grafts or hardware in the postoperative period. The midfacial degloving technique provides satisfactory exposure to the nasal cavity, midface, orbits, and skull base for free flap reconstruction, without disrupting the external soft tissue. The authors describe a novel use of the midfacial degloving technique to provide safe and reliable results with improved cosmetic outcome.
The Evolution of Migraine Surgery: Two Decades of Continual Research. My Current Thoughts
Authors: Guyuron Bahman 
Published: May 2021

Summary:
A mere serendipitous finding has culminated in a life-changing development for patients and a colossally fulfilling field for many surgeons. The surgical treatment of migraine headaches has been embraced by many plastic surgeons after numerous investigations ensuring that the risks are minimal and the rewards inestimable. Seldom has a plastic surgery procedure been the subject of such scrutiny. Through retrospective, prospective pilot, prospective randomized, prospective randomized with sham surgery, and 5-year follow-up studies, the safety, efficacy, and longevity of the given operation have been confirmed. Although the first decade of this journey was focused on investigating effectiveness and risk profile, the second decade was largely devoted to improving results, reducing invasiveness, and shortening recovery. Multiple publications in peer-reviewed journals over the past 20 years, several independent studies from reputable surgeons at recognized centers, and over 40 studies from the author’s center have established the surgical treatment of headaches as a standard practice.
Career Development in Plastic Surgery
Authors: Carbullido M. Kristine , Hornacek Michael , Reid Chris M. , Gosman Amanda 
Published: May 2021

Summary:
Professional development as a plastic surgeon is a critical component of a balanced and rewarding career. The phase of career plays an important role in what opportunities are available and what decisions must be made to affect the trajectory of the surgeon’s life and practice. Engagement and proactive strategic planning can help identify these points in a career. The goal of this article is to describe some of the fundamental choices in professional development, discuss recent literature related to the phases of career progression, and present the construct of career as a continuum integrated with life goals. Foundational career planning has roots even before becoming a resident or fellow, with increasing attention paid during medical school and undergraduate years. Mentorship and leadership roles, and work-life balance challenges, grow with entry into practice. Career sustainment with continuing education, ergonomic resources, and transition to retirement become important considerations for the experienced surgeon. Career success is a diverse vision, with composition unique to the individual surgeon. Understanding the merit of different career directions will help the surgeon take full advantage of the plethora of opportunities available in the plastic surgery specialty. Importantly, this planning and engagement has contributed to the decreased rate of burnout seen in plastic surgery.
A Multicentric Prospective Cohort Study of Modified Lateral Intercostal Artery Perforator Flap in Partial Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Neamonitou Foteini , Thekkinkattil Dinesh , Sukumar Aiswarya , Prusty Lydia , Vidya Raghavan 
Published: May 2021

Background
Oncoplastic breast surgery is well established in many parts of the world and is gaining popularity in the rest of the world. The cornerstone in oncoplastic breast surgery is to respect oncological principles during cancer resection maintaining good aesthetic and cosmetic outcome. With the advancement in local, regional, and systemic treatment for breast cancer, survival has improved, and patients live longer. It is utmost essential to help our patients to maintain a good quality of life. Aesthetic and cosmetic outcomes have a significant impact on patient's psychosocial, emotional, and sexual well-being.
Oncoplastic techniques have evolved over the last decade with the increasing use of perforator flaps to enable partial breast reconstruction. We report the findings of a prospective cohort study using modified lateral intercostal artery perforator in partial breast reconstruction. This modified technique offers a less visible scar and good access to the axilla without any need for repositioning the patient during the operative procedure.

Methods
A retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database of patients who underwent partial breast reconstruction with a modified lateral intercostal artery perforator flap was carried out between July 2016 and January 2020 in 2 oncoplastic breast units. The study had local approval from the respective audit departments. Patient demographics, operative data, surgical complications, and outcomes were collected and analyzed.

Results
Forty-one patients underwent the procedure between July 2016 and January 2020. The median age of the population data was 58 years (interquartile range, 9 years). There were 10 active smokers (24.4%), and 3 patients had diabetes mellitus (7.3%). Overall, 3 patients (7.1%) developed seroma, 1 had a hematoma (2.4%), and 1 had a locoregional recurrence (2.4%). Two patients (4.9%) underwent margin re-excision for close margins. Most patients (92%) had the procedure carried out as day-case surgery. None of the patients developed wound infection, necrosis, or flap loss. The results were comparable across the 2 participating units.

Conclusions
The data suggest that modified intercostal artery perforator flap is an excellent oncoplastic technique for volume replacement in partial breast reconstruction with a short learning curve and minimal perioperative morbidity.
Deep Neural Networks for Human’s Fall-risk Prediction using Force-Plate Time Series Signal
Authors: Savadkoohi M. , Oladunni T. , Thompson L.A. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTEarly and accurate identification of the balance deficits could reduce falls, in particular for older adults, a prone population. Our work investigates deep neural networks’ capacity to identify human balance patterns towards predicting fall-risk. Human balance ability can be characterized based on commonly-used balance metrics, such as those derived from the force-plate time series. We hypothesized that low, moderate, and high risk of falling can be characterized based on balance metrics, derived from the force-plate time series, in conjunction with deep learning algorithms. Further, we predicted that our proposed One-One-One Deep Neural Networks algorithm provides a considerable increase in performance compared to other algorithms. Here, an open source force-plate dataset, which quantified human balance from a wide demographic of human participants (163 females and males aged 18-86) for varied standing conditions (eyes-open firm surface, eyes-closed firm surface, eyes-open foam surface, eyes-closed foam surface) was used. Classification was based on one of the several indicators of fall-risk tied to the fear of falling: the clinically-used Falls Efficacy Scale (FES) assessment. For human fall-risk prediction, the deep learning architecture implemented comprised of: Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), Long-Short Time Memory (LSTM), One Dimensional Convolutional Neural Network (1D-CNN), and a proposed One-One-One Deep Neural Network. Results showed that our One-One-One Deep Neural Networks algorithm outperformed the other aforementioned algorithms and state-of-the-art models on the same dataset. With an accuracy, precision, and sensitivity of 99.9%, 100%, 100%, respectively at the 12th epoch, we found that our proposed One-One-One Deep Neural Network model is the most efficient neural network in predicting human’s fall-risk (based on the FES measure) using the force-plate time series signal. This is a novel methodology for an accurate prediction of human risk of fall.
COVID-19 Mitigation Practices and COVID-19 Rates in Schools: Report on Data from Florida, New York and Massachusetts
Authors: Oster Emily , Jack Rebecca , Halloran Clare , Schoof John , McLeod Diana 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper reports on the correlation of mitigation practices with staff and student COVID-19 case rates in Florida, New York, and Massachusetts during the 2020-2021 school year. We analyze data collected by the COVID-19 School Response Dashboard and focus on student density, ventilation upgrades, and masking. We find higher student COVID-19 rates in schools and districts with lower in-person density but no correlations in staff rates. Ventilation upgrades are correlated with lower rates in Florida but not in New York. We do not find any correlations with mask mandates. All rates are lower in the spring, after teacher vaccination is underway.
Allosteric receptor modulation uncovers an FFAR2 antagonist as a positive orthosteric modulator/agonist in disguise
Authors: Lind Simon , Hoffmann Dagny Olofsson , Forsman Huamei , Dahlgren Claes 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTwo earlier described Free Fatty Acid Receptor 2 (FFAR2)-specific antagonists (CATPB and GLPG0974) have different receptor-interaction characteristics at the molecular/functional level. The inhibitory effect of the two antagonists, on the novel receptor-cross-talk activation signals generated by the ATP-receptor, show that both antagonists inhibit the effect of the positive allosteric FFAR2 modulators (PAMs) AZ1729 and Cmp58. No neutrophil activation was induced by AZ1729 or Cmp58 alone, but together they were co-agonistic PAMs and activated the superoxide generating NADPH-oxidase in neutrophils. This response was inhibited by CATPB but not by GLPG0974; in contrast, GLPG0974 acted as a positive modulator that increased the potency but not the efficacy of the response. At the signaling level, GLPG0974 changed the biased signaling induced by the co-agonistic PAMs, to include a rise in the cytosolic concentration of free calcium ions (Ca2+). This effect was reciprocal, i.e., GLPG0974 triggers a rise in intracellular Ca2+, demonstrating that GLPG0974 may act as an FFAR2 agonist. In summary, by studying the effects of the FFAR2 ligand GLPG0974 on neutrophils activation induced by the co-agonists AZ1729 and Cmp58, we reveal that GLPG0974 in addition to be an antagonist, displays also agonistic and positive FFAR2 modulating functions that affects the NADPH-oxidase activity and the receptor down-stream signaling induced by the two co-agonistic PAMs.
Surface Engineering of FLT4-Targeted Nanocarriers Enhances Cell-Softening Glaucoma Therapy
Authors: Vincent Michael P. , Stack Trevor , Vahabikashi Amir , Li Guorong , Perkumas Kristin M. , Ren Ruiyi , Gong Haiyan , Stamer W. Daniel , Johnson Mark , Scott Evan A. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTPrimary open-angle glaucoma is associated with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) that damages the optic nerve and leads to gradual vision loss. Several agents that reduce the stiffness of pressure-regulating Schlemm’s canal endothelial cells, in the conventional outflow pathway of the eye, lower IOP in glaucoma patients and are approved for clinical use. However, poor drug penetration and uncontrolled biodistribution limit their efficacy and produce local adverse effects. Compared to other ocular endothelia, FLT4/VEGFR3 is expressed at elevated levels by Schlemm’s canal endothelial cells and can be exploited for targeted drug delivery. Here, we validate FLT4 receptors as a clinically relevant target on Schlemm’s canal cells from glaucomatous human donors and engineer polymeric self-assembled nanocarriers displaying lipid-anchored targeting ligands that optimally engage this receptor. Targeting constructs were synthesized as lipid-PEGX-peptide, differing in the number of PEG spacer units (x), and were embedded in micelles. We present a novel proteolysis assay for quantifying ligand accessibility that we employ to design and optimize our FLT4-targeting strategy for glaucoma nanotherapy. Peptide accessibility to proteases correlated with receptor-mediated targeting enhancements. Increasing the accessibility of FLT4-binding peptides enhanced nanocarrier uptake by Schlemm’s canal cells while simultaneously decreasing uptake by off-target vascular endothelial cells. Using a paired longitudinal IOP studyin vivo, we show this enhanced targeting of Schlemm’s canal cells translates to IOP reductions that are sustained for a significantly longer time as compared to controls. Histological analysis of murine anterior segment tissue confirmed nanocarrier localization to Schlemm’s canal within one hour after intracameral administration. This work demonstrates that steric effects between surface-displayed ligands and PEG coronas significantly impact targeting performance of synthetic nanocarriers across multiple biological scales. Minimizing the obstruction of modular targeting ligands by PEG measurably improved the efficacy of glaucoma nanotherapy and is an important consideration for engineering PEGylated nanocarriers for targeted drug delivery.
Transient nuclear deformation primes epigenetic state and promotes cell reprogramming
Authors: Song Yang , Soto Jennifer , Chen Binru , Zhao Weikang , Hoffman Tyler , Zhu Ninghao , Peng Qin , Ly Chau , Wong Pak Kin , Wang Yingxiao , Rowat Amy C. , Kurdistani Siavash K , Li Song 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCell reprogramming has wide applications in tissue regeneration, disease modeling and personalized medicine, but low reprogramming efficiency remains a challenge. In addition to biochemical cues, biophysical factors can modulate the epigenetic state and a variety of cell functions. However, how biophysical factors help overcome the epigenetic barrier for cell reprogramming are not well understood. Here we utilized microfluidic channels to induce a transient deformation of the cell nucleus, which caused the disassembly of the nuclear lamina and a downregulation of DNA methylation and histone (H3K9) for 12-24 hours. These global decreases of heterochromatin marks at the early stage of cell reprogramming strikingly enhanced the conversion of fibroblasts into neurons and induced pluripotent stem cells. Consistently, inhibition of DNA methylation and H3K9 methylation partially mimicked the effects of mechanical squeezing on iN reprogramming efficiency. Knocking down lamin A had similar effects to squeezing on enhancing the reprogramming efficiency. Based on these findings, we developed a scalable microfluidic system that enabled a continuous cell processing to effectively prime the epigenetic state for cell reprogramming, demonstrating the potential of mechano-biotechnology for cell engineering.
Identification of shared and differentiating genetic risk for autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and case subgroups
Authors: Mattheisen Manuel , Grove Jakob , Als Thomas D , Martin Joanna , Voloudakis Georgios , Meier Sandra , Demontis Ditte , Bendl Jaroslav , Walters Raymond , Carey Caitlin E , Rosengren Anders , Strom Nora , Hauberg Mads Engel , Zeng Biao , Hoffman Gabriel , Bybjerg-Grauholm Jonas , Bækvad-Hansen Marie , Agerbo Esben , Cormand Bru , Nordentoft Merete , Werge Thomas , Mors Ole , Hougaard David M , Buxbaum Joseph D , Faraone Stephen V , Franke Barbara , Dalsgaard Søren , Mortensen Preben B , Robinson Elise B , Roussos Panos , Neale Benjamin M , Daly Mark J , Børglum Anders D 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are highly heritable neurodevelopmental disorders with a considerable overlap in their genetic etiology. We dissected their shared and distinct genetic architecture by cross-disorder analyses of large data sets, including samples with information on comorbid diagnoses. We identified seven loci shared by the disorders and the first five genome-wide significant loci differentiating the disorders. All five differentiating loci showed opposite allelic directions in the two disorders separately as well as significant associations with variation in other traits e.g. educational attainment, items of neuroticism and regional brain volume. Integration with brain transcriptome data identified and prioritized several significantly associated genes. Genetic correlation of the shared liability across ASD-ADHD was strong for other psychiatric phenotypes while the ASD-ADHD differentiating liability correlated most strongly with cognitive traits. Polygenic score analyses revealed that individuals diagnosed with both ASD and ADHD are double-burdened with genetic risk for both disorders and show distinctive patterns of genetic association with other traits when compared to the ASD-only and ADHD-only subgroups. The results provide novel insights into the biological foundation for developing just one or both of the disorders and for driving the psychopathology discriminatively towards either ADHD or ASD.
Covid19 Pandemic Policy Monitor (COV-PPM): European level tracking of non-pharmaceutical interventions
Authors: Bozorgmehr Kayvan , Rohleder Sven , Duwendag Stella , Mohsenpour Amir , Saint Victoria , Gold Andreas , Kaur Sukhvir , Nutsch Niklas , Costa Diogo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe Covid-19 Pandemic Policy Monitor (COV-PPM) prospectively documents the measures taken to contain SARS-Cov-2 transmission across countries in EU27, EEA and UK. In Germany, measures have also been documented at the federal state and, partially, at the district levels. Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) implemented since March 2020 have been retrieved and updated weekly from official governments webpages, Ministries of Health, National (Public) Health Institutes or Administrations. NPI categories refer to restrictions, closures or changes in functioning implemented in thirteen domains: public events (gatherings in indoor or outdoor spaces); public institutions (kindergartens, schools, universities); public transport (trains, buses, trams, metro); citizens movement/mobility (e.g. pedestrians, cars, ships); border closures (air, land or sea, all incoming travels, from high-risk regions, only non-nationals); measures to improve the healthcare system (e.g. human resources or technical reinforcement, redistribution, material or infrastructural); measures for risk/vulnerable groups (e.g. elderly, chronically ill, pregnant); economic measures (e.g. lay-off rules establishment, actions to avoid job-loss, tax relaxation); testing policies (e.g. testing criteria changes); nose and mouth protection rules, vaccination and others/miscellaneous measures.