bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The World Health Organisation’s Caregiver Skills Training Programme for Autism and Developmental Disorders: Adapting and Pretesting in Hong Kong
Authors: Wong Paul W.C. , Lam Yan Yin , Lau Janet Siu , Fok Hung Kit 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background The World Health Organisation Caregiver Skills Training programme (WHO-CST) was developed to strengthen a caregiver’s skills in supporting their child’s development and the caregiver’s well-being. The WHO-CST Hong Kong (HK) was adapted to support families with children suspected of having autism spectrum disorder (ASD) while the families were waiting for a confirmed diagnosis.Aim This sequential mixed methods study aimed to explore the adaptation process, using a formative qualitative method. It assessed the acceptability, feasibility, and perceived benefits of the WHO-CST, using caregivers’ qualitative and quantitative prepost feedback.Methods Data examined included (1) two consultation meetings with stakeholders; (2) a detailed review of translated and adapted WHO-CST HK materials by Master Trainees (MTs) (n = 10) trained by WHO representatives; (3) need assessment focus group interviews with caregivers (n = 15) of children with ASD; and (4) prepost CST programme qualitative focus group interviews and quantitative evaluation (n = 11).Results Consultation with stakeholders suggested that the programme is acceptable for the local community, but the home visit and fidelity components were initially considered to be challenges for the feasibility and sustainability of the programme. Thematic analyses of the focus group interview with caregivers generated six subthemes from preprogramme focus group interviews and five subthemes from postprogramme focus group interviews. The programme was reported to be helpful for caregivers’ skills development and for aiding children’s verbal and social skills development. There was also improvement in caregivers’ mental health after completing the programme.Conclusion The prepilot evaluation findings of WHO-CST HK indicate that it is feasible and acceptable to implement the programme in a metropolitan area where families have busy working schedules. The findings indicate potential programme developments for supporting families in communities in high income countries.
Graphene Coated Scaffold for Bone Tissue Engineering: Physicochemical and Osteogenic Characterizations
Authors: Bahrami Sajad , Baheiraei Nafiseh , Shahrezaee Mostafa 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Variety of bone-related diseases and injures and limitations of traditional regeneration methods need to introduce new tissue substitutes. Tissue engineering and regeneration combined with nanomedicine can provide different natural or synthetic and combined scaffolds with bone mimicking properties for implant in the injured area. In this study, we synthesized collagen (Col) and reduced graphene oxide coated collagen (Col-rGO) scaffolds and evaluated their in vitro and in vivo effects on bone tissue repair. Col and Col-rGO scaffolds were synthesized by chemical crosslinking and freeze-drying methods. The surface topography, mechanical and chemical properties of scaffolds were characterized and showed three-dimensional (3D) porous scaffolds and successful coating of rGO on Col. rGO coating enhanced mechanical strength of Col-rGO scaffolds compared with Col scaffolds by 2.8 folds. Furthermore, Col-rGO scaffolds confirmed that graphene addition not only did not any cytotoxic effects but also enhanced human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) viability and proliferation with 3D adherence and expansion. Finally, scaffolds implantation into rabbit cranial bone defect for 12 weeks showed increased bone formation, confirmed by Hematoxylin-Eosin (H&E) and alizarin red staining. Altogether, the study showed that rGO coating improves Col scaffold properties and could be a promising implant for bone injuries.
Xanthoxylin Found In Secretions Of Epormenis Cestri Feeding On Sebastiania Schottiana Trees Causes Mass Death Of Honeybee Apis Mellifera Larvae
Authors: Rossini Carmen , Almeida Lucía , Arredondo Daniela , Antúnez Karina , Santos Estela , Haralambides Alejandra Rodríguez , Invernizzi Ciro 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The "River Disease” (RD), a disorder impacting honeybee colonies located closed to waterways with abundant riparian vegetation (including Sebastiania schottiana, Euphorbiaceae), kills newly hatched larvae. Forager bees from RD-affected colonies collect honeydew excretions from Epormenis cestri (Hemiptera: Flatidae), a planthopper feeding on trees of S. schottiana. First-instar honeybee larvae fed with this honeydew died. Thus, we postulated that the nectars of RD-affected colonies had a natural toxin coming from either E. cestri or S. schottiana. An untargeted metabolomics characterization of fresh nectars extracts from colonies with and without RD allowed to pinpoint xanthoxylin as one of the chemicals present in higher amounts in nectar from RD-affected colonies than in nectars from healthy colonies. Besides, xanthoxylin was also found in the aerial parts of S. schottiana and in the honeydew excreted by E. cestri feeding on this tree. A larva feeding assay where xanthoxylin-enriched diets were offered to 1st instar larvae showed that larvae died in the same proportion as larvae did when offered enriched diets with nectars from RD-colonies. These findings demonstrate that a xenobiotic can mimic the RD syndrome in honeybee larvae and provide evidence of an interspecific flow of xanthoxylin among three trophic levels. Further, our results give information that can be considered when implementing measures to control this honeybee disease.
Manipulating topology in tailored artificial graphene nanoribbons
Authors: Guisinger Nathan , Trainer Daniel , Sriniva Srilok , Fisher Brandon , Zhang Yuan , Pfeiffer Constance , Hla Saw , Darancet Pierre 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Topological phases of matter give rise to exotic physics that can be leveraged for next generation quantum computation1–3 and spintronic devices4,5. Thus, the search for topological phases and the quantum states that they exhibit have become the subject of a massive research effort in condensed matter physics. Topologically protected states have been produced in a variety of systems, including artificial lattices6–9, graphene nanoribbons (GNRs)10,11 and bismuth bilayers12,13. Despite these advances, the real-time manipulation of individual topological states and their relative coupling, a necessary feature for the realization of topological qubits, remains elusive. Guided by first-principles calculations, we spatially manipulate robust, zero-dimensional topological states by altering the topological invariants of quasi-one-dimensional artificial graphene nanostructures. This is achieved by positioning carbon monoxide molecules on a copper surface to confine its surface state electrons into artificial atoms positioned to emulate the low-energy electronic structure of graphene derivatives. Ultimately, we demonstrate control over the coupling between adjacent topological states that are finely engineered and simulate complex Hamiltonians. Our atomic synthesis gives access to an infinite range of nanoribbon geometries, including those beyond the current reach of synthetic chemistry, and thus provides an ideal platform for the design and study of novel topological and quantum states of matter.
Maternal ethanol exposure acutely elevates Src Family Kinases activity in the fetal cortex.
Authors: Wang Dandan , Howell Brian W. , Olson Eric 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) is characterized by disrupted fetal brain development and postnatal cognitive impairment. The targets of alcohol are diverse and it is not clear whether there are common underlying molecular mechanisms producing these disruptions. Prior work established that acute ethanol exposure causes a transient increase in tyrosine phosphorylation of multiple proteins in cultured embryonic cortical cells. In this study we show a similar tyrosine phosphorylation transient occurs in the fetal brain after maternal dosing with ethanol. Using phospho-specific antibodies and immunohistochemistry, we mapped regions of highest tyrosine phosphorylation in the fetal cerebral cortex and found that areas of dendritic and axonal growth showed elevated tyrosine phosphorylation 10 min after maternal ethanol exposure. These were also areas of Src expression and Src Family Kinase (SFKs) activation loop phosphorylation (pY416) expression. Importantly, maternal pretreatment with the SFK inhibitor Dasatinib completely prevents both the pY416 increase and the tyrosine phosphorylation response. The phosphorylation response was observed in the perisomatic region and neurites of immature migrating and differentiating primary neurons. Importantly, the initial phosphotyrosine transient (~ 30 min) targets both Src and Dab1, two critical elements in Reelin-signaling, a pathway required for normal cortical development. This initial phosphorylation response is followed by sustained reduction in Ser3 phosphorylation of n-cofilin, a critical actin severing protein and an identified downstream effector of Reelin-signaling. This biochemical disruption is associated with sustained reduction F-actin content and disrupted Golgi-apparatus morphology in developing cortical neurons. The finding outlines a model in which the initial activation of SFKs by ethanol has the potential to disrupt multiple developmentally important signaling systems for several hours after maternal exposure.
Production of Bio-fuels by microwave-assisted Rapid Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Palm Kernel Shells Biomass
Authors: Saleh A A. , Islam Md Saiful , Islam Md. Shaharul , Banggan M. A. M. A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Hydrothermal Liquefaction (HTL) process is an alternative way for converting biomass to bio-fuels product. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of sample’s mass and heating time on the product yield (wt%) from palm kernel shells (PKS) and to characterize the bio-oil as produced. PKS which is one kind of biomass efficiently converted to bio-oil, bi-char and bio-gas by HTL associated with modified microwave oven. A modified household microwave oven with 800W was employed in this process. The product yield was increased proportionally with the sample mass from 31.16 wt% to 41.92 wt% for bio-oil at constant time of 15 minutes. However, a vice versa trend was observed for bio char. Furthermore, it was exhibited that the highest value of 66.51 wt% and then it reduced to 42.17 wt%. The last product, bio gas shows an increasing trend from 2.32wt% to 15.90wt%. For the second parameter, the production of bio oil decreases with the increasing of heating time while bio char and bio gas increases with the increases of time. For the highest product yield, the calorific value is 37.68 MJ/kg for 15g sample and 22.32 MJ/kg for 35g sample at 15 minutes heating time. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) result reveals that multiple functional groups i.e. alcohol, aldehydes, carboxylic acid and ketones is present in the PKS bio oil. Additionally, the pH value of the bio oil was in the range of 2-3.
A Bagging Dynamic Deep Learning Network for Diagnosing COVID-19
Authors: Zhang Zhijun , Chen Bozhao , Sun Jiansheng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
COVID-19 is a serious epidemic all over the world. As an efficient way in intelligent medical services, using X-ray chest radiography image for automatically diagnosing COVID-19 provides huge assistances and conveniences for clinicians in practice. In this paper, a bagging dynamic deep learning network (B-DDLN) is proposed for diagnosing COVID-19 by intelligently recognizing X-ray chest radiography images. After a series of preprocessing steps for images, we pre-train convolution blocks as a feature extractor. For the extracted features, bagging dynamic learning network classifier is trained based on neural dynamic learning algorithm and bagging algorithm. B-DDLN connects feature extractor and bagging classifier in series. Experimental results verify that using the proposed B-DDLN can achieve 98.8889% testing accuracy, which illustrates the best diagnosis performances among existing methods on the open image set and provides evidences for further detection and treatment.
Multi-institutional prospective observational study of the effectiveness of eribulin in first-line or second-line chemotherapy for HER2-negative hormone-resistant advanced or metastatic breast cancer: The KBCRN A001: E-SPEC Study
Authors: Kikawa Yuichiro , Kotake Takeshi , Tsuyuki Shigeru , Kang Yookija , Takahara Sachiko , Fujimoto Yuri , Yamashiro Hiroyasu , Yoshibayashi Hiroshi , Takada Masahiro , Yasuoka Rie , Nakatsukasa Katsuhiko , Yamagami Kazuhiko , Suwa Hirofumi , Okuno Toshitaka , Nakayama Ichiro , Kato Tatsuji , Ogura Nobuko , Moriguchi Yoshio , Ishiguro Hiroshi , Kagimura Tatsuo , Taguchi Tetsuya , Sugie Tomoharu , Toi Masakazu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
PurposeTo investigate the survival impact of eribulin use in first-line and second-line chemotherapy for patients with endocrine-resistant advanced or metastatic breast cancer (AMBC) in the real-world clinical setting. MethodsThis multi-institutional prospective cohort study enrolled patients with triple-negative AMBC or estrogen receptor (ER)-positive AMBC refractory to at least one previous endocrine therapy selected at the physician’s discretion. The overall survival from the start of first-line (OS1) and second-line chemotherapy (OS2) were assessed. Adjusted hazard ratio (HR) between eribulin and the other regimens (oral 5-fluorouracil [5-FU] and anthracycline/taxane) was calculated using a stratified proportional hazards model that included prespecified prognostic factors. ResultsOf the 201 patients enrolled, 180 were included in the final analysis. Baseline patient characteristics were quite diverse among regimens. The median OS1 was 2.25, 3.49, and 2.62 years for eribulin (n=46), oral 5-FU (n=57), and anthracycline/taxane (n=71), and the median OS2 was 1.75, 2.33, and 1.69 years for eribulin (n=70), oral 5-FU (n=26), and anthracycline/taxane (n=44), respectively. First-line eribulin had a worse adjusted HR for OS than the other regimens in the ER-negative cohort; second-line oral 5-FU had a better adjusted HR for OS than eribulin in the ER-positive cohort. There was no significant difference between regimens in the other subgroups.ConclusionsEribulin and anthracycline/taxane resulted in similar point estimates for OS, while oral 5-FU led to relatively longer survival. Adjusted HRs differed based on treatment line and ER status. However, caution should be exercised when interpreting the results due to the heterogamies in patient background.Trial registration number and date of registrationClinical Trials.gov (NCT 02551263), July 22, 2015.
Double heterozygous pathogenic variants in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes in a patient with bilateral metachronous breast cancer: a case report
Authors: Mampel Alejandra , Sottile Mayra L , Denita-Juarez Silvina , Vargas Ana Lía , Vargas-Roig Laura M 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BackgroundDouble heterozygosity pathogenic variants in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are a very rare finding, particularly in non-Ashkenazi individuals. We described the first case of double heterozygosity variants in a non-Ashkenazi Argentinean woman with metachronous bilateral breast cancer. Case presentationThe proband is a 65-year-old female diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma in the left breast at 45 years old and invasive carcinoma in the right breast at 65 years old. She underwent a multi-gene panel testing indicating the presence of two concurrent heterozygous germline deleterious variants in BRCA1 (c.4201C>T), and BRCA2 (c.5146_5149del) genes. The patient’s son (40 years-old) was found to have the inherited pathogenic variant in BRCA2 gene. ConclusionThere are few reports of double heterozygosity variants in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes in Latin America. The two pathogenic variants identified in our patient have not been described together so far.
A New Echo-Doppler Method of Assessing Pulmonary Arterial Wave Reflection: In Vivo Validation
Authors: Yoshida Tomohiko , Uejima Tokuhisa , Komeda Syunta , Matsuura Katsuhiro , Uemura Akiko , Hayama Hiromasa , Yamashita Takeshi , Yilmaz Zeki , Tanaka Ryou 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Pulmonary arterial (PA) wave reflection provides additional information for assessing right ventricular afterload, but its applications is hampered by the need for invasive pressure and flow measurements. We tested the hypothesis that PA pressure and flow waveforms estimated by Doppler echocardiography could be used to quantify PA wave reflection. Methods: Doppler echocardiographic images of tricuspid regurgitation and right ventricular outflow tract flow used to estimate PA pressure and flow waveforms were acquired simultaneously with direct measurements with a dual sensor-tipped catheter under various hemodynamic conditions in a canine model of pulmonary hypertension (n=8). Wave separation analysis was performed on echo-Doppler derived as well as catheter derived waveforms to separate PA pressure into forward (Pf) and backward (Pb) pressures and derive wave reflection coefficient (RC) defined as Pb divided by Pf.Results: RC by echo-Doppler agreed well with RC indices by catheter (RC: bias = 0.13, 95% limits of agreement = -0.25 to 0.26). RC correlated negatively with pulmonary arterial compliance and right ventricular systolic function. Conclusions: This echo-Doppler method yields accurate measurement of reflected wave in the pulmonary circulation, paving the way to a more integrative assessment of pulmonary hemodynamics in the clinical setting.
Severe Conservation Risks of Roads on Apex Predators
Authors: Quintana Itxaso , Cifuentes Edgar Fernando , Dunnink Jeffrey A. , Ariza Maria , Martinez-Medina Daniela , Fantacini Felipe M. , Shrestha Bibek Raj , Richard Freddie-Jeanne 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The global expansion of road networks threatens apex predator conservation and ecosystem functioning. This occurs through wildlife-vehicle collisions, habitat loss and fragmentation, reduced genetic connectivity and increased poaching. We reviewed road impacts on 36 apex predator species and created a new index to assess their current vulnerability to roads. Our findings reveal all apex predators are currently exposed to road impacts. Five of the nine most vulnerable species occur in Asia, the sloth bear being the most severely affected. Critically endangered species such as the Iberian lynx and red wolf are severely affected by roads. Using a widely applicable novel index we assessed the potential impact of future roads on apex predators in three areas: the Brazilian Amazon, Africa, and Nepal. Proposed roads will have an impact on forest predators over the whole Brazilian Amazon. In Africa and Nepal, roads will fragment the distribution ranges of nine and seven apex predators, respectively. Roughly 500 protected areas will be intersected by roads, threatening core apex predator habitat. Therefore, we advocate the need for rigorous road development planning to apply effective mitigation measures as an urgent priority, and to avoid construction in wilderness areas and predator strongholds.
Psychometric Properties of the Croatian Version of the 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI VFQ-25)
Authors: Gaćina Dina Lešin , Škegro Bernarda , Jandroković Sonja , Škegro Ivan , Bešlić Iva , Bukvić Marija 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of study was to translate, adapt and validate the Croatian version of the 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI VFQ-25) in participants with visual impairment. This study also aims at evaluating the relationship between visual impairment and health-related quality of life (HRQoL).Methods: The prospective observational study was conducted at the University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Department of Ophthalmology. The sample consisted of 175 patients with four chronic ocular diseases: cataract, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration (ARMD). The translation of the NEI VFQ-25 to Croatian was conducted following the standardized procedure. All participants underwent an ophthalmological examination and completed the NEI VFQ-25 and the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 Questionnaire (SF-36). In order to assess the psychometric properties of the NEI VFQ-25 we calculated Cronbach's α coefficient, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), convergent and discriminant validity, as well as criterion and concurrent validity.Results: Results show high internal consistency (Cronbach α range 0.739-0.932) and high test-retest reliability (ICC 0.876-0.975) for all subscales. None of the items had failed either convergent or discriminant validity. Moderate to high Spearman's rho coefficients of correlations were found between best corrected visual acuity and 8 subscales in the NEI VFQ-25 (0.430<ρ<0.631). Moderate correlations were found between comparable domains in the NEI VFQ-25 and in the SF-36 questionnaire (p<0.01).Conclusion: The Croatian version of the NEI VFQ-25 has very good psychometric properties and can be a useful instrument for assessing vision-related quality of life in Croatian population with chronic ophthalmic diseases. The trial registration number: DRKS-ID DRKS00016751Date of registration in DRKS: 2019/02/15
Fucosylated CD147 promotes the malignant progression of ovarian cancer and is associated with glycolysis
Authors: Wang Huimin , Wang Yanyan , Zheng Mingjun , Liu Juanjuan , Lin Bei 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background

This study investigated the molecular structural relationship between CD147 and Lewis y antigen in ovarian cancer cells, and explored the molecular mechanisms by which Lewis y leads to the malignant progression of ovarian cancer.
Methods

The expression of CD147 and Lewis y in three epithelial ovarian cell lines (RMG-I, COC1 and HO8910) and their sub-lines (RMG-I-H, COCI/DDP and HO8910/PM) with high metastatic potential and chemotherapy resistance was detected by quantitative real-time PCR, immunocytochemistry, and western blotting. The structural relationship between Lewis y and CD147 was determined by immunoprecipitation. Gene expression enrichment analysis was performed to elucidate the possible role of CD147 in the response to Lewis y in ovarian cancer.
Results

The expression of CD147, Lewis y, and FUT1 mRNA was significantly lower in ovarian cancer cell lines than in cells with a higher malignancy grade. Lewis y was an important component of CD147, and was predominantly expressed in the highly glycosylated form of CD147. Genes associatd with the CD147-mediated response to Lewis y were mainly involved in cytokine-mediated signaling pathways and hexose metabolic processes. The expression of IL1A (IL-1α), which was highest in ovarian cancer, was significantly higher than in borderline, benign and normal ovarian tissues, and it was positively correlated with Lewis y in ovarian cancer.
Conclusion

CD147 was modified by fucosylation, and the effect of fucosylated CD147 on promoting the malignant progression of ovarian cancer may be related to glycolysis.