bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How common are complications following polypropylene mesh, biological xenograft and native tissue surgery for pelvic organ prolapse? A secondary analysis from the PROSPECT trial
Authors: Reid FM , Elders A , Breeman S , Freeman RM ,   the PROSPECT study group
Published: September 2021

ObjectiveTo report complication rates following prolapse surgery using polypropylene mesh inlay, polypropylene mesh kit, biological collagen xenografts and native tissue repairs.DesignSecondary analysis of the PROSPECT randomised controlled trial and cohort study.SettingThirty‐five UK hospitals.PopulationA total of 2632 women undergoing anterior and/or posterior vaginal prolapse repair.MethodsEvent rates were calculated for all complications. Analysis was by treatment received.Main outcome measuresIUGA/ICS classification of complications and validated patient reported outcome measures.ResultsAt baseline, 8.4% of women had ‘generic’ pain/discomfort; at 2 years following surgery, there was an improvement in all four groups; however, 3.0% of women developed de novo extreme generic pain. At 24 months de novo vaginal tightness occurred in 1.6% of native tissue, 1.2% of biological xenograft, 0.3% of mesh inlay and 3.6% of mesh kit. Severe dyspareunia occurred in 4.8% of native tissue, 4.2% of biological xenograft, 3.4% of mesh inlay repairs and 13.0% of mesh kits. De novo severe dyspareunia occurred in 3.5% of native tissue, 3.5% of biological xenograft, 1.4% of mesh inlays and 4.8% of mesh kits. Complications requiring re‐admission to hospital, unrelated to mesh, affected 1 in 24 women; the most common reasons for re‐admission were vaginal adhesions, urinary retention, infection and constipation.ConclusionsThis is the first study to address the complications of vaginal mesh used for prolapse surgery alongside data from both native tissue and biological xenograft. It demonstrates the complexity of assessing pain and that all types of prolapse surgery have low surgical morbidity and a low rate of severe complications.Tweetable abstractA prospective study of 2362 women undergoing vaginal mesh, xenograft or native tissue repair found low surgical morbidity and low rates of severe complications.
Acute appendicitis during the clinical course of COVID‐19 in a 13‐year‐old boy: Complication or coincidental?
Authors: Nurullayev Elnur , Gördü Bilge , Özsürekçi Yasemin , Haliloglu Mithat , Soyer Tutku 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGastrointestinal symptoms appear to be one of the most common presentations of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, later named COVID‐19. The symptoms such as nausea, emesis, abdominal pain, and diarrhoea may be recognised as either a finding of COVID‐19 or prominent presentation of multi‐inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS‐C). COVID‐19 may present with acute appendicitis and/or may mimic its clinical findings. Although, coexistence of acute appendicitis and COVID‐19 has been well documented, it is not clear whether appendicitis is a complication of COVID‐19 or coincidence in children. A 13‐year‐old boy who developed acute appendicitis during the clinical course of COVID‐19 is presented to discuss the possibility of causal relationship between appendicitis and COVID‐19 in children.
High Ki‐67 proliferation index and lack of chemotherapy are associated with reduced overall survival in patients with triple negative breast cancer: A retrospective cohort in a major breast centre in Hong Kong
Authors: Hung Ray Ka‐wai , Chiu Tiffany Hoi‐wun , Tsoi Yee‐kei , Chan Wing‐cheong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundTriple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive molecular subtype of breast cancer. The management of TNBC is challenging due to the lack of effective treatment. In this study, all patients diagnosed to have TNBC, managed in the Department of Surgery, North District Hospital, were identified and possible prognostic markers including age, menopausal status, Ki‐67 proliferation index, TNM stage and the treatment received by the patients were assessed for possible association on the overall survival rate.MethodsThe pathology results of patients diagnosed to have breast cancer from 2012 to 2017 were reviewed. Relevant information was retrieved by reviewing the clinical notes in the clinical management system retrospectively.ResultA total of 169 patients with TNBC were identified. The 5‐year overall survival rate in this group of patients is 68%. In univariate analysis, age, high Ki‐67 proliferation index, T3 and T4 disease, lymph node involvement, distant metastasis, the lack of chemotherapy and the lack of radiotherapy are significant prognostic indicators. When analysing them in multivariate analysis, T4 disease (HR, 4.663; 95% CI, 1.209–17.988), lymph node involvement (2.361; 95% CI, 1.002–5.561), distant metastasis (2.262; 95% CI, 1.012–5.057), high Ki‐67 proliferation index (HR, 2.329; 95% CI, 1.026–5.278) and lack of chemotherapy (HR, 3.725; 95% CI, 1.247–11.123) remain statistically significant.ConclusionBeside advance disease status, high Ki‐67 proliferation index and lack of systemic chemotherapy are another two important prognostic factors in patients with triple negative breast cancer. Chemotherapy is strongly advised in patients with TNBC whenever they are medically fit.
Preliminary experience with indocyanine green lymphography during microsurgical subinguinal varicocelectomy
Authors: Cho Chak‐Lam , Chiu Peter Ka‐Fung , Chu Ringo Wing‐Hong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the feasibility to expand the use of indocyanine green (ICG) to lymphatic‐sparing microsurgical subinguinal varicocelectomy (MSV) in addition to ICG angiogram by using video microsurgery platform.Patients and MethodsSeven patients with 12 varicoceles had MSV and intraoperative ICG lymphography performed from July 2019 to February 2020. Intraoperative ICG lymphography was employed to confirm and preserve lymphatics after intra‐parenchymal testicular injection of ICG.ResultsLymphatic vessels were clearly identified on ICG lymphography in all varicocele units with intra‐parenchymal testicular injection. ICG lymphography did not significantly interfere with the quality of subsequent ICG angiography in the majority of patients. All patients were discharged uneventfully within 24 h after the operation. No complications were reported with a median follow up duration of 9 months.ConclusionsThe use of intraoperative ICG lymphography consistently provides objective assessment of lymphatic vessels during the procedure of MSV.
Transarterial chemoembolisation plus stereotactic body radiotherapy as conversion therapy for large right lobe hepatocecullar carcinoma
Authors: Lam Tang‐yu , Wong Wai‐man , Lee Ching‐ching , Cheung Chin‐cheung 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHuge right lobe hepatocecullar carcinoma (HCC) at presentation is not uncommon in Hong Kong. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether transarterial chemoembolisation (TACE) followed by stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) can be used as a conversion therapy for huge right lobe HCC. We retrospectively reviewed two groups of patients with solitary huge right lobe HCC (defined as > = 10 cm in size) treated with direct surgery or conversion therapy (TACE + SBRT) first. From 2009 to 2014, 23 patients with huge right lobe HCC with resection done in our centre were reviewed. Eleven patients had direct surgery and 12 patients had received conversion therapy first. The mean tumour size for the conversion therapy group was significantly larger 13.9 cm versus 11.2 cm (p = .03). Patients in the conversion therapy group also had other unfavourable factors at presentation. Overall median survival for direct surgery group was 63 months while that of conversion therapy group was 40 months (p = .48). Operative time was 313 min for the direct surgery group versus 317 min for the conversion therapy group (p = .95). We concluded that TACE + SBRT can be a feasible conversion therapy for borderline resectable huge right lobe HCC.
Endoscopic submucosal dissection versus endoscopic mucosal resection for rectal carcinoid tumor. A meta‐analysis and meta‐regression with single‐arm analysis
Authors: Yong Jie Ning , Lim Xiong Chang , Nistala Kameswara Rishi Yeshayahu , Lim Lincoln Kai En , Lim Grace En Hui , Quek Jingxuan , Tham Hui Yu , Wong Neng Wei , Tan Ker‐Kan , Chong Choon Seng 
Published: September 2021

ObjectiveAs there has been so far no consensus on the best endoscopic resection technique, a meta‐analysis was conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) for treating rectal carcinoid tumors.MethodsMEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched for articles on the treatment of rectal carcinoid tumors using ESD vs EMR published up to October 2020 for outcomes including en bloc and complete resection, margin involvement, procedure time, requirement for additional surgery, bleeding, perforation and recurrence. Risk ratio and weighted mean differences were used for a DerSimonian and Laird random effects pairwise meta‐analysis. Single‐arm meta‐analyses of proportions and random effects meta‐regression analysis were also conducted.ResultsTwenty‐two studies involving 1360 rectal carcinoid tumors were included, in which 655 and 705 rectal carcinoid tumors were resected with ESD and EMR, respectively. The resection efficacy of ESD was comparable to that of EMR for tumors <10 mm. However, there were a significantly higher complete resection rate, and lower rates of vertical margin involvement and requirement for additional surgery using ESD than using EMR for tumors ≤20 mm. ESD had a longer procedure time and an increased likelihood of bleeding than EMR.ConclusionsESD is more effective in providing a curative treatment for rectal carcinoid tumors ≤20 mm in size as ESD can achieve a higher complete resection rate with lower vertical margin involvement than EMR. While they are suitable for treating rectal carcinoid tumors <10 mm as both techniques provide similar efficacy.
An updated overview on the regulatory circuits of polyhydroxyalkanoates synthesis
Authors: Mitra Ruchira , Xu Tong , Chen Guo‐Qiang , Xiang Hua , Han Jing 
Published: September 2021

SummaryPolyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are a promising and sustainable alternative to the petroleum‐based synthetic plastics. Regulation of PHA synthesis is receiving considerable importance as engineering the regulatory factors might help developing strains with improved PHA‐producing abilities. PHA synthesis is dedicatedly regulated by a number of regulatory networks. They tightly control the PHA content, granule size and their distribution in cells. Most PHA‐accumulating microorganisms have multiple regulatory networks that impart a combined effect on PHA metabolism. Among them, several factors ranging from global to specific regulators, have been identified and characterized till now. This review is an attempt to categorically summarize the diverse regulatory circuits that operate in some important PHA‐producing microorganisms. However, in several organisms, the detailed mechanisms involved in the regulation of PHA synthesis is not well‐explored and hence further research is needed. The information presented in this review might help researcher to identify the prevailing research gaps in PHA regulation.
An up‐to‐date review of cardiac pacemakers and implantable cardioverter defibrillators
Authors: Kuang Ronny JD , Pirakalathanan Janu , Lau Theodore , Koh Daniel , Kotschet Emily , Ko Brian , Lau Kenneth K 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCardiac pacemakers are one of the most frequently encountered cardiac devices seen on chest imaging. They may include single or dual chamber pacemakers, automated implantable cardioverter defibrillators (AICD), biventricular pacemakers used for cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT), wireless CRT, leadless pacemakers, and subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillators (SICD). This review aims to provide an up‐to‐date review on current implantable pacemaker and defibrillator devices.
Effectiveness of an optimized text message and Internet intervention for smoking cessation: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Graham Amanda L. , Papandonatos George D. , Cha Sarah , Amato Michael S. , Jacobs Megan A. , Cohn Amy M. , Abroms Lorien C. , Whittaker Robyn 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the effectiveness of a combined internet and text message intervention for smoking cessation compared with an internet intervention alone. The text message intervention was optimized for engagement in an earlier multiphase optimization (MOST) screening phase.DesignA parallel, two‐group, individually randomized clinical trial (RCT) was conducted in a MOST confirming phase. Recruitment spanned December 2018 to March 2019. Follow‐up was conducted at 3 and 9 months, beginning March 2019 and ending January 2020.SettingUnited States: a digital study conducted among new registrants on a free tobacco cessation website.ParticipantsEligible individuals were 618 adult current smokers in the United States, age 18 years or older who signed up for text messages during website registration (67.2% female, 70.4% white).InterventionsThe treatment arm (WEB+TXT; n = 311) received access to the website and text messaging. The control arm (WEB; n = 307) received access to the website alone.MeasurementsThe primary outcome was self‐reported 30‐day point prevalence abstinence (ppa) at 9 months post‐randomization analyzed under intent to treat (ITT), counting non‐responders as smoking. Secondary outcomes included 3‐month measures of 30‐day ppa, intervention engagement and intervention satisfaction.FindingsAbstinence rates at 9 months were 23.1% among WEB+TXT and 23.2% among WEB (OR = 1.00, 95% CI = 0.69–1.45; P = 0.99). WEB+TXT increased engagement with 5 of 6 interactive features (standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.26–0.47, all P < 0.001) and repeat website visits (48.7% vs 38.9%, SMD = 0.14, P = 0.02). Satisfaction metrics favored WEB+TXT (satisfied: 96.3% vs 90.5%, SMD = 0.17, P = 0.008; recommend to friend: 95.9% vs 90.1%, SMD = 0.16, P = 0.028).ConclusionsA randomized controlled trial found no evidence that a combined internet and text message intervention for smoking cessation compared with an internet intervention alone increased 9‐month abstinence rates among adult current smokers in the United States, despite evidence of higher levels of intervention engagement and satisfaction at 3 months.
Genome‐wide analysis reveals genetic overlap between alcohol use behaviours, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder and identifies novel shared risk loci
Authors: Wiström Erik D. , O'Connell Kevin S. , Karadag Naz , Bahrami Shahram , Hindley Guy F. L. , Lin Aihua , Cheng Weiqiu , Steen Nils Eiel , Shadrin Alexey , Frei Oleksandr , Djurovic Srdjan , Dale Anders M. , Andreassen Ole A. , Smeland Olav B. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackground and aimSchizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) have a high comorbidity of alcohol use disorder (AUD), and both comorbid AUD and excessive alcohol consumption (AC) have been linked to greater illness severity. We aimed to identify genomic loci jointly associated with SCZ, BD, AUD and AC to gain further insights into their shared genetic architecture.DesignWe analysed summary data (P values and Z scores) from genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) using conjunctional false discovery rate (conjFDR) analysis, which increases power to discover shared genomic loci. We functionally characterized the identified loci using publicly available biological resources.SettingAUD and AC data provided by the Million Veteran Program, derived from the United States Department of Veterans Affairs Healthcare System. SCZ and BD data provided by the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, based on cohorts from countries in Europe, North America and Australia.ParticipantsAUD (34 658 cases, 167 346 controls), AC (n = 200 680), SCZ (31 013 cases and 38 918 controls), BD (20 352 cases and 31 358 controls). All participants were of European ancestry.MeasurementsGenomic loci shared between alcohol traits, SCZ and BD at conjFDR <0.05.FindingsConditional Q‐Q plots showed single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) enrichment for both alcohol traits across different levels of significance with SCZ and BD, and vice versa. Using conjFDR analysis we leveraged this genetic enrichment and identified several loci shared between SCZ and AUD (n = 28) and AC (n = 24), BD and AUD (n = 2) and AC (n = 8) at conjFDR <0.05. Among these loci, 24 are novel for AUD, 15 are novel for AC, three are novel for SCZ and one is novel for BD. There was a mixture of same and opposite effect directions among the shared loci.ConclusionsAlcohol use disorder and alcohol consumption share genomic loci with the psychiatric disorders schizophrenia and bipolar disorder with a mixed pattern of effect directions, indicating a complex genetic relationship between the phenotypes.
Trends towards revealing the genetic architecture of sheep tail patterning: Promising genes and investigatory pathways
Authors: Kalds P. , Luo Q. , Sun K. , Zhou S. , Chen Y. , Wang X. 
Published: September 2021

SummaryDifferent sheep breeds have evolved after initial domestication, generating various tail phenotypic patterns. The phenotypic diversity of sheep tail patterns offers ideal materials for comparative analysis of its genetic basis. Evolutionary biologists, animal geneticists, breeders, and producers have been curious to clearly understand the underlying genetics behind phenotypic differences in sheep tails. Understanding the causal gene(s) and mutation(s) underlying these differences will help probe an evolutionary riddle, improve animal production performance, promote animal welfare, and provide lessons that help comprehend human diseases related to fat deposition (i.e., obesity). Historically, fat tails have served as an adaptive response to aridification and climate change. However, the fat tail is currently associated with compromised mating and animal locomotion, fat distribution in the animal body, increased raising costs, reduced consumer preference, and other animal welfare issues such as tail docking. The developing genomic approaches provide unprecedented opportunities to determine causal variants underlying phenotypic differences among populations. In the last decade, researchers have performed several genomic investigations to assess the genomic causality underlying phenotypic variations in sheep tails. Various genes have been suggested with the prominence of several potentially significant causatives, including the BMP2 and PDGFD genes associated with the fat tail phenotype and the TBXT gene linked with the caudal vertebrae number and tail length. Although the potential genes related to sheep tail characteristics have been revealed, the causal variant(s) and mutation(s) of these high‐ranking candidate genes are still elusive and need further investigation. The review discusses the potential genes, sheds light on a knowledge gap, and provides possible investigative approaches that could help determine the specific genomic causatives of sheep tail patterns. Besides, characterizing and revealing the genetic determinism of sheep tails will help solve issues compromising sheep breeding and welfare in the future.
Cigarette, e‐cigarette, and dual use during the third trimester of pregnancy in a national sample of heterosexual and sexual minority women
Authors: Beck Dana C. , Veliz Phil T. , McCabe Sean E. , Boyd Carol J. , Evans‐Polce Rebecca 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesResearch investigating e‐cigarettes/e‐products and dual use with cigarettes among pregnant sexual minority individuals in the United States is lacking. This study addresses this gap using a national sample.MethodsTwo waves of national panel data (2015–2018) from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health study were used. The sample included 1842 women, 237 identified as sexual minorities (n = 17 lesbian, n = 177 bisexual, n = 43 something else), who indicated pregnancy during the past 12 months at Waves 3 or 4. Covariates included race, ethnicity, past‐year income, and education. Cigarette, e‐cigarette, or dual use was examined during the last trimester.ResultsSexual minorities had higher adjusted odds of cigarette use during their last trimester of pregnancy relative to heterosexual women (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.55, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.08, 2.23). Bisexual women had higher odds of smoking cigarettes during their third trimester compared with heterosexual women (AOR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.21, 2.72). Lesbian women were more likely to use e‐cigarettes/e‐products (AOR = 9.15, 95% CI = 2.29, 36.5) and indicate dual use (AOR = 6.00, 95% CI = 1.43, 25.1) during their third trimester of pregnancy compared with heterosexual women.Conclusion and Scientific SignificanceMaternal health among US sexual minority women would benefit from clinicians equipped to provide accurate information and support for Food and Drug Administration‐approved smoking cessation, information about e‐cigarettes/e‐products, and dual use. This study is the first to examine cigarette, e‐cigarette, and dual use during the third trimester of pregnancy using a national sample, with specific attention to differences in sexual orientation.
Seasonal agricultural activity and crime
Authors: Charlton Diane , James Alexander , Smith Brock 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSudden shocks to labor demand have sometimes been shown to increase local crime rates. We build on this literature by estimating the causal effect of labor‐intensive seasonal agricultural activity on crime. We analyze a unique data set that describes criminal activity and fruit, vegetable, and horticultural (FVH) employment by month and U.S. county from 1990 to 2016. We find that the FVH labor share is associated with reduced property and violent crime rates, and possibly the number of property crimes committed within county years. Examining heterogeneities based on ethnicity, labor‐intensive FVH activity decreases the rate of non‐Hispanic arrests and victimization, and increases the number of Hispanic arrests and victims (consistent with rising local Hispanic populations). Taken together, results are broadly consistent with the idea that agricultural harvest of labor‐intensive crops enhances local labor market opportunities that reduce incentives to commit crimes. Results are robust to a battery of alternative specifications that address the inherent challenges associated with measuring seasonal agricultural labor.