bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The lithospheric folding model applied to the Bighorn uplift during the Laramide orogeny
Authors: Tikoff* B. , Siddoway C. , Sokoutis D. , Willingshofer E. 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
The Bighorn uplift, Wyoming, developed in the Rocky Mountain foreland during the 75–55 Ma Laramide orogeny. It is one of many crystalline-cored uplifts that resulted from low-amplitude, large-wavelength folding of Phanerozoic strata and the basement nonconformity (Great Unconformity) across Wyoming and eastward into the High Plains region, where arch-like structures exist in the subsurface. Results of broadband and passive-active seismic studies by the Bighorn EarthScope project illuminated the deeper crustal structure. The seismic data show that there is substantial Moho relief beneath the surface exposure of the basement arch, with a greater Moho depth west of the Bighorn uplift and shallower Moho depth east of the uplift. A comparable amount of Moho relief is observed for the Wind River uplift, west of the Bighorn range, from a Consortium for Continental Reflection Profiling (COCORP) profile and teleseismic receiver function analysis of EarthScope Transportable Array seismic data.
The amplitude and spacing of crystalline-cored uplifts, together with geological and geophysical data, are here examined within the framework of a lithospheric folding model. Lithospheric folding is the concept of low-amplitude, large-wavelength (150–600 km) folds affecting the entire lithosphere; these folds develop in response to an end load that induces a buckling instability. The buckling instability focuses initial fold development, with faults developing subsequently as shortening progresses. Scaled physical models and numerical models that undergo layer-parallel shortening induced by end loads determine that the wavelength of major uplifts in the upper crust occurs at approximately one third the wavelength of folds in the upper mantle for strong lithospheres. This distinction arises because surface uplifts occur where there is distinct curvature upon the Moho, and the vergence of surface uplifts can be synthetic or antithetic to the Moho curvature. In the case of the Bighorn uplift, the surface uplift is antithetic to the Moho curvature, which is likely a consequence of structural inheritance and the influence of a preexisting Proterozoic suture upon the surface uplift. The lithospheric folding model accommodates most of the geological observations and geophysical data for the Bighorn uplift. An alternative model, involving a crustal detachment at the orogen scale, is inconsistent with the absence of subhorizontal seismic reflectors that would arise from a throughgoing, low-angle detachment fault and other regional constraints. We conclude that the Bighorn uplift—and possibly other Laramide arch-like structures—is best understood as a product of lithospheric folding associated with a horizontal end load imposed upon the continental margin to the west.
Bismuth(III) Iodide Complexes with 1-Ethyl-4-Dimethylaminopyridinium: Structure, Thermal Stability, and Optical Properties
Authors: Usol’tsev A. N. , Shentseva I. A. , Shayapov V. R. , Plyusnin P. E. , Korol’kov I. V. , Sokolov M. N. , Adonin S. A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Polynuclear bismuth(III) iodide complexes with 1-ethyl-4-dimethylaminopyridinium (1-EtDMAP)4[Bi8I28] (1) and (1-EtDMAP)BiI4 (2) have been obtained by the reactions of bismuth(III) iodide with an organic iodide salt cations in organic solvents and characterized by X-ray diffraction. The optical properties and thermal stability of the obtained compounds have been studied.
Synthesis of Derivatives of closo-Dodecaborate Anion Based on Amino Acid Esters
Authors: Burdenkova A. V. , Zhdanov A. P. , Klyukin I. N. , Selivanov N. A. , Bykov A. Yu. , Zhizhin K. Yu. , Kuznetsov N. T. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This work proposes a new method for the synthesis of N-borylated amino acids based on nucleophilic substitution reactions in the [B12H11IPh]– anion. Esters of glycine and L-phenylalanine were used as nucleophiles. The structure of the products has been determined by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, and ESI mass spectrometry.
Early versus later initiation of parenteral nutrition for very preterm infants: a propensity score-matched observational study
Authors: Uthaya Sabita , Longford Nicholas , Battersby Cheryl , Oughham Kayleigh , Lanoue Julia , Modi Neena 
Published: November 2021

ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of timing of initiation of parenteral nutrition (PN) after birth in very preterm infants.DesignPropensity-matched analysis of data from the UK National Neonatal Research Database.Patients65 033 babies <31 weeks gestation admitted to neonatal units in England and Wales between 2008 and 2019.InterventionsPN initiated in the first 2 days (early) versus after the second postnatal day (late). Babies who died in the first 2 days without receiving PN were analysed as ‘late’.Main outcome measuresThe main outcome measure was morbidity-free survival to discharge. The secondary outcomes were survival to discharge, growth and other core neonatal outcomes.FindingsNo difference was found in the primary outcome (absolute rate difference (ARD) between early and late 0.50%, 95% CI −0.45 to 1.45, p=0.29). The early group had higher rates of survival to discharge (ARD 3.3%, 95% CI 2.7 to 3.8, p<0.001), late-onset sepsis (ARD 0.84%, 95% CI 0.48 to 1.2, p<0.001), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (ARD 1.24%, 95% CI 0.30 to 2.17, p=0.01), treated retinopathy of prematurity (ARD 0.50%, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.84, p<0.001), surgical procedures (ARD 0.80%, 95% CI 0.20 to 1.40, p=0.01) and greater drop in weight z-score between birth and discharge (absolute difference 0.019, 95% CI 0.003 to 0.035, p=0.02). Of 4.9% of babies who died in the first 2 days, 3.4% were in the late group and not exposed to PN.ConclusionsResidual confounding and survival bias cannot be excluded and justify the need for a randomised controlled trial powered to detect differences in important functional outcomes.
Protective potential of high-intensity interval training on cardiac structure and function after COVID-19: protocol and statistical analysis plan for an investigator-blinded randomised controlled trial
Authors: Rasmussen Iben Elmerdahl , Foged Frederik , Bjørn Budde Josephine , Rasmussen Rasmus Syberg , Rasmussen Villads , Lyngbæk Mark , Jønck Simon , Krogh-Madsen Rikke , Lindegaard Birgitte , Ried-Larsen Mathias , Jørgensen Peter Godsk , Lund Morten Asp Vonsild , Køber Lars , Vejlstrup Niels , Pedersen Bente Klarlund , Berg Ronan M G , Christensen Regitse Højgaard 
Published: November 2021

IntroductionCOVID-19 is associated with a marked systemic inflammatory response with concomitant cardiac injury and remodelling, but it is currently unknown whether the latter is reversible. Given that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a powerful stimulus to improve cardiorespiratory fitness while also eliciting marked anti-inflammatory effects, it may be an important countermeasure of reducing cardiopulmonary morbidity following COVID-19.Methods and analysis40 COVID-19 survivors who have been discharged from hospital will be included in this investigator-blinded randomised study with a 12-week HIIT intervention. Patients will be 1:1 block-randomised by sex to either a supervised HIIT exercise group or standard care (control group). The main hypothesis is that a 12-week HIIT scheme is a safe way to improve loss of cardiac mass and associated cardiorespiratory fitness, despite hypothesised limited HIIT-induced changes in conventional lung function indices per se. Ultimately, we hypothesise that the HIIT scheme will reduce post-COVID-19 symptoms and improve quality of life.Ethics and disseminationThis study is approved by the Scientific Ethical Committee at the Capital Region of Denmark (H-20033733, including amendments 75068 and 75799) and registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04647734, pre-results). The findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal, including cases of positive, negative and inconclusive results.Trial registration numberNCT04549337.
Rates of opioid agonist treatment prescribing in provincial prisons in Ontario, Canada, 2015–2018: a repeated cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Bodkin Claire , Bondy Susan , Regenstreif Leonora , Kiefer Lori , Kouyoumdjian Fiona 
Published: November 2021

ObjectiveTo describe opioid agonist treatment prescribing rates in provincial prisons and compare with community prescribing rates.DesignWe used quarterly, cross-sectional data on the number and proportion of people prescribed opioid agonist treatment in prison populations. Trends were compared with Ontario surveillance data from prescribers, reported on a monthly basis.SettingProvincial prisons and general population in Ontario, Canada between 2015 and 2018.ParticipantsAdults incarcerated in provincial prisons and people ages 15 years and older in Ontario.Main outcomes and measuresOpioid agonist treatment prescribing prevalence, defined as treatment with methadone or buprenorphine/naloxone.ResultsIn prison, 6.9%–8.4% of people were prescribed methadone; 0.8% to 4.8% buprenorphine/naloxone; and 8.2% to 13.2% either treatment over the study period. Between 2015 and 2018, methadone prescribing prevalence did not substantially change in prisons or in the general population. The prevalence rate of buprenorphine/naloxone prescribing increased in prisons by 1.70 times per year (95% CI 1.47 to 1.96), which was significantly higher than the increase in community prescribing: 1.20 (95% CI 1.19 to 1.21). Buprenorphine/naloxone prescribing prevalence was significantly different across prisons.ConclusionsThe increase in opioid agonist treatment prescribing between 2015 and 2018 in provincial prisons shows that efforts to scale up access to treatment in the context of the opioid overdose crisis have included people who experience incarceration in Ontario. Further work is needed to understand unmet need for treatment and treatment impacts.
Systematic review of 29 self-report instruments for assessing quality of life in older adults receiving aged care services
Authors: Siette Joyce , Knaggs Gilbert Thomas , Zurynski Yvonne , Ratcliffe Julie , Dodds Laura , Westbrook Johanna 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundQuality of life (QoL) outcomes are used to monitor quality of care for older adults accessing aged care services, yet it remains unclear which QoL instruments best meet older adults’, providers’ and policymakers’ needs. This review aimed to (1) identify QoL instruments used in aged care and describe them in terms of QoL domains measured and logistical details; (2) summarise in which aged care settings the instruments have been used and (3) discuss factors to consider in deciding on the suitability of QoL instruments for use in aged care services.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesMEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library and CINAHL from inception to 2021.Eligibility criteriaInstruments were included if they were designed for adults (>18 years), available in English, been applied in a peer-reviewed research study examining QoL outcomes in adults >65 years accessing aged care (including home/social care, residential/long-term care) and had reported psychometrics.Data extraction and synthesisTwo researchers independently reviewed the measures and extracted the data. Data synthesis was performed via narrative review of eligible instruments.Results292 articles reporting on 29 QoL instruments were included. Eight domains of QoL were addressed: physical health, mental health, emotional state, social connection, environment, autonomy and overall QoL. The period between 1990 and 2000 produced the greatest number of newly developed instruments. The EuroQoL-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) and Short Form-series were used across multiple aged care contexts including home and residential care. More recent instruments (eg, ICEpop CAPability measure for Older people (ICECAP-O) and Adult Social Care Outcomes Toolkit (ASCOT)) tend to capture emotional sentiment towards personal circumstances and higher order care needs, in comparison with more established instruments (eg, EQ-5D) which are largely focused on health status.ConclusionsA comprehensive list of QoL instruments and their characteristics is provided to inform instrument choice for use in research or for care quality assurance in aged care settings, depending on needs and interests of users.
Stratification of the risk of developing severe or lethal Covid-19 using a new score from a large Italian population: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Corrao Giovanni , Rea Federico , Carle Flavia , Scondotto Salvatore , Allotta Alessandra , Lepore Vito , D'Ettorre Antonio , Tanzarella Cinzia , Vittori Patrizia , Abena Sabrina , Iommi Marica , Spazzafumo Liana , Ercolanoni Michele , Blaco Roberto , Carbone Simona , Giordani Cristina , Manfellotto Dario , Galli Massimo , Mancia Giuseppe 
Published: November 2021

ObjectivesTo develop a population-based risk stratification model (COVID-19 Vulnerability Score) for predicting severe/fatal clinical manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection, using the multiple source information provided by the healthcare utilisation databases of the Italian National Health Service.DesignRetrospective observational cohort study.SettingPopulation-based study using the healthcare utilisation database from five Italian regions.ParticipantsBeneficiaries of the National Health Service, aged 18–79 years, who had the residentship in the five participating regions. Residents in a nursing home were not included. The model was built from the 7 655 502 residents of Lombardy region.Main outcome measureThe score included gender, age and 29 conditions/diseases selected from a list of 61 conditions which independently predicted the primary outcome, that is, severe (intensive care unit admission) or fatal manifestation of COVID-19 experienced during the first epidemic wave (until June 2020). The score performance was validated by applying the model to several validation sets, that is, Lombardy population (second epidemic wave), and the other four Italian regions (entire 2020) for a total of about 15.4 million individuals and 7031 outcomes. Predictive performance was assessed by discrimination (areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve) and calibration (plot of observed vs predicted outcomes).ResultsWe observed a clear positive trend towards increasing outcome incidence as the score increased. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the COVID-19 Vulnerability Score ranged from 0.85 to 0.88, which compared favourably with the areas of generic scores such as the Charlson Comorbidity Score (0.60). A remarkable performance of the score on the calibration of observed and predicted outcome probability was also observed.ConclusionsA score based on data used for public health management accurately predicted the occurrence of severe/fatal manifestations of COVID-19. Use of this score may help health decision-makers to more accurately identify high-risk citizens who need early preventive or treatment interventions.
Firearm injury epidemiology in children and youth in Ontario, Canada: a population-based study
Authors: Saunders Natasha Ruth , Moore Hepburn Charlotte , Huang Anjie , de Oliveira Claire , Strauss Rachel , Fiksenbaum Lisa , Pageau Paul , Liu Ning , Gomez David , Macpherson Alison 
Published: November 2021

Background and objectiveDespite firearms contributing to significant morbidity and mortality globally, firearm injury epidemiology is seldom described outside of the USA. We examined firearm injuries among youth in Canada, including weapon type, and intent.DesignPopulation-based, pooled cross-sectional study using linked health administrative and demographic databases.SettingOntario, Canada.ParticipantsAll children and youth from birth to 24 years, residing in Ontario from 1 April 2003 to 31 March 2018.ExposureFirearm injury intent and weapon type using the International Classification of Disease-10 CM codes with Canadian enhancements. Secondary exposures were sociodemographics including age, sex, rurality and income.Main outcomesAny hospital or death record of a firearm injury with counts and rates of firearm injuries described overall and stratified by weapon type and injury intent. Multivariable Poisson regression stratified by injury intent was used to calculate rate ratios of firearm injuries by weapon type.ResultsOf 5486 children and youth with a firearm injury (annual rate: 8.8/100 000 population), 90.7% survived. Most injuries occurred in males (90.1%, 15.5/100 000 population). 62.3% (3416) of injuries were unintentional (5.5/100 000 population) of which 1.9% were deaths, whereas 26.5% (1452) were assault related (2.3/100 00 population) of which 18.7% were deaths. Self-injury accounted for 3.7% (204) of cases of which 72.0% were deaths. Across all intents, adjusted regression models showed males were at an increased risk of injury. Non-powdered firearms accounted for half (48.6%, 3.9/100 000 population) of all injuries. Compared with handguns, non-powdered firearms had a higher risk of causing unintentional injuries (adjusted rate ratio (aRR) 14.75, 95% CI 12.01 to 18.12) but not assault (aRR 0.84, 95% CI 0.70 to 1.00).ConclusionsFirearm injuries are a preventable public health problem among youth in Ontario, Canada. Unintentional injuries and those caused by non-powdered firearms were most common and assault and self-injury contributed to substantial firearm-related deaths and should be a focus of prevention efforts.
Economic threshold analysis of delivering a task-sharing treatment for common mental disorders at scale: the Friendship Bench, Zimbabwe
Authors: Healey Andrew , Verhey Ruth , Mosweu Iris , Boadu Janet , Chibanda Dixon , Chitiyo Charmaine , Wagenaar Brad , Senra Hugo , Chiriseri Ephraim , Mboweni Sandra , Araya Ricardo 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundTask-sharing treatment approaches offer a pragmatic approach to treating common mental disorders in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). The Friendship Bench (FB), developed in Zimbabwe with increasing adoption in other LMICs, is one example of this type of treatment model using lay health workers (LHWs) to deliver treatment.ObjectiveTo consider the level of treatment coverage required for a recent scale-up of the FB in Zimbabwe to be considered cost-effective.MethodsA modelling-based deterministic threshold analysis conducted within a ‘cost-utility’ framework using a recommended cost-effectiveness threshold.FindingsThe FB would need to treat an additional 3413 service users (10 per active LHW per year) for its scale-up to be considered cost-effective. This assumes a level of treatment effect observed under clinical trial conditions. The associated incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was $191 per year lived with disability avoided, assuming treatment coverage levels reported during 2020. The required treatment coverage for a cost-effective outcome is within the level of treatment coverage observed during 2020 and remained so even when assuming significantly compromised levels of treatment effect.ConclusionsThe economic case for a scaled-up delivery of the FB appears convincing in principle and its adoption at scale in LMIC settings should be given serious consideration.Clinical implicationsFurther evidence on the types of scale-up strategies that are likely to offer an effective and cost-effective means of sustaining required levels of treatment coverage will help focus efforts on approaches to scale-up that optimise resources invested in task-sharing programmes.
Flow diversion for internal carotid artery aneurysms with compressive neuro-ophthalmologic symptoms: clinical and anatomical results in an international multicenter study
Authors: Boulouis Gregoire , Soize Sebastien , Maus Volker , Fischer Sebastian , Lobsien Donald , Klisch Joachim , Styczen Hanna , Deuschl Cornelius , Abdullayev Nuran , Kabbasch Christoph , Kaiser Daniel , Jamous Ala , Behme Daniel , Janot Kevin , Bellanger Guillaume , Cognard Cristophe , Pierot Laurent , Gawlitza Matthias 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundScientific data on the safety and efficacy of flow diverter stents (FDS) for the treatment of unruptured internal carotid artery (ICA) aneurysms with compressive neuro-ophthalmological symptoms are scarce. We studied this subject in a retrospective international multicenter series, pooling data of 9 tertiary care neurointerventional departments.ObjectiveTo investigate, in a retrospective, multicentric cohort of patients presenting with visual or oculomotor symptoms attributed to a compressive carotid artery in an unruptured intracranial aneurysm, the safety and efficacy profiles of FDS, by analyzing neuro-opthalmologic symptom evolution following FDS placement, complications, and aneurysm obliteration rates.MethodsAll patients treated since 2015 with a FDS for an unruptured aneurysm of the ICA with signs of compressive cranial nerve symptoms (CN II, III, IV, VI) were included.ResultsWe treated 55 patients with 55 aneurysms; 21 (38.2%) patients had oculomotor and 15 (27.3%) visual symptoms only; 19 (34.5%) presented with a combination of both. Treatment-related morbidity/mortality occurred in 7.2% and 3.6%, respectively. At last imaging follow-up (13.1±10.5 months) rates of complete aneurysm occlusion, neck remnant, and aneurysm remnant were 72%, 14%, and 14%, respectively. At last clinical follow-up after 13±10.5 months, 19/51 (37.3%) patients had recovered completely and 18/51 (35.3%) had recovered at least partially from their neuro-ophthalmological symptoms. In multivariable models, a longer delay between symptom onset and treatment was associated with higher odds for incomplete recovery and lower odds for any improvement (aOR 1.03 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.07), p=0.047 and 0.04 (0–0.81), p=0.020). Incomplete recovery was independently associated with older age and fusiform aneurysms.ConclusionFDS are effective to treat patients with compressive aneurysms of the ICA causing neuro-ophthalmological symptoms, especially when treatment is initiated early after symptom onset, and aneurysm occlusion is adequate. However, serious complications are not rare.
On the empirical spectral distribution for certain models related to sample covariance matrices with different correlations
Authors: Dembczak-Kołodziejczyk Alicja , Lytova Anna 
Published: November 2021

Given [Formula: see text], we study two classes of large random matrices of the form [Formula: see text] where for every [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] are iid copies of a random variable [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] are two (not necessarily independent) sets of independent random vectors having different covariance matrices and generating well concentrated bilinear forms. We consider two main asymptotic regimes as [Formula: see text]: a standard one, where [Formula: see text], and a slightly modified one, where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] while [Formula: see text] for some [Formula: see text]. Assuming that vectors [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are normalized and isotropic “in average”, we prove the convergence in probability of the empirical spectral distributions of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] to a version of the Marchenko–Pastur law and the so-called effective medium spectral distribution, correspondingly. In particular, choosing normalized Rademacher random variables as [Formula: see text], in the modified regime one can get a shifted semicircle and semicircle laws. We also apply our results to the certain classes of matrices having block structures, which were studied in [G. M. Cicuta, J. Krausser, R. Milkus and A. Zaccone, Unifying model for random matrix theory in arbitrary space dimensions, Phys. Rev. E 97(3) (2018) 032113, MR3789138; M. Pernici and G. M. Cicuta, Proof of a conjecture on the infinite dimension limit of a unifying model for random matrix theory, J. Stat. Phys. 175 (2) (2019) 384–401, MR3968860].