bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The composition of CI chondrites and their contents of chlorine and bromine: Results from instrumental neutron activation analysis
Authors: Palme H. , Zipfel J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBetween 1973 and 1994, 15 samples of CI chondrites were analyzed by neutron activation analysis at the Max‐Planck‐Institute for Chemistry, Department of Cosmochemistry in Mainz, Germany. The analyses comprise nine Orgueil samples and three samples of Ivuna, two of Alais and one of Tonk. Samples came from various sources and had masses between 5 and 600 mg. Most data are published here for the first time. The results for the nine Orgueil samples demonstrate the essentially homogeneous chemical composition of Orgueil at a level of a few milligrams. The analytical results of Ivuna, Alais, and Tonk agree, with only few exceptions, with the results of Orgueil analyses. All samples agree within ±3% in their contents of Sc, Ir, Cr, Fe, Co, Zn, and Se. The elements Sc and Ir represent the refractory component; Cr, Fe, and Co the main component; and Zn and Se the volatile component. Thus, in all CI chondrites there are essentially the same fractions of the fundamental cosmochemical components. The essentially identical chemical composition of all samples shows that their water contents are constant at about 20 ± 5 wt%. There is excellent agreement between the data listed here with data reported in the relevant literature. There is no doubt that the CI composition is a well‐defined entity, which is thought to represent the non‐gaseous compositions of the solar nebula and the photosphere of the Sun. In addition, we conclude that the recently proposed new CI chondritic chlorine and Br values are too low, when compared to earlier measurements.
Possible role of the mitochondrial genome in the pathogenesis of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
Authors: Saravanabavan Sayanthooran , Rangan Gopala K. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAutosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common monogenic renal disease in adults and is due to heterozygous germ line variants in either PKD1, PKD2 or rarely other genes. It is characterized by marked intra‐familial disease variability suggesting that other genetic and/or environmental factors are involved in determining the lifetime course ADPKD. Recently, research indicates that polycystin‐mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic re‐programming contributes to the progression of ADPKD. Although biochemical abnormalities have gained the most interest, variants in the mitochondrial genome could be one of the mechanisms underlying the phenotypic variability in ADPKD. This narrative review aims to evaluate the role of the mitochondrial genome in the pathogenesis of APDKD.
Ngā Mātāpono e Rua: Stories of co‐creation for bicultural spatial governance in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: de Jesus Dionisio Maria Rita , Macfarlane Angus H. , Walker Dean P. , Macfarlane Sonja L. , Derby Melissa , Caldwell Ruiha , Pani Jude , Waru Rawiri 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article shares lessons for spatial governance in Aotearoa New Zealand in the context of the Treaty of Waitangi. It reports on research into co‐creation pathways that supported bicultural spatial governance inclusive of whānau and local communities in the Waimakariri and Rotorua Districts. In alignment with three Treaty principles, local tikanga, unique to the two places, informed the methodological framework for bicultural spatial governance. Despite some commonalities, the two case studies reveal distinctive perspectives that resonate differently across Aotearoa New Zealand, underscoring the importance of co‐creation for biculturalism. We consider the implications for biculturalism across a range of spatial contexts and for debates about decolonising governance.
Recurrent assessment of lymphocyte subsets in 32 patients with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS‐C)
Authors: Okarska‐Napierała Magdalena , Mańdziuk Joanna , Feleszko Wojciech , Stelmaszczyk‐Emmel Anna , Panczyk Mariusz , Demkow Urszula , Kuchar Ernest 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundLymphopenia is a hallmark of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS‐C). We aimed to characterize lymphocyte subsets' shifts and their correlations with other severity markers of MIS‐C.MethodsIn this prospective cross‐sectional study, we performed peripheral lymphocyte phenotyping in 32 patients with MIS‐C. We analyzed lymphocyte subsets at three time points of the disease: the acute (A), convalescent (B), and recovery (C) phases. Based on age‐normalized lymphocyte counts, we distinguished two groups of patients: “the mild” (higher lymphocyte counts) and “the severe” (lower lymphocyte counts). In addition, we examined differences between these groups regarding other severity markers.ResultsIn phase A, 84% of children had lymphopenia. Decreased absolute counts of CD3, CD4, and CD8 cells were observed in, respectively, 88%, 72%, and 84% of patients. The natural killer cells were decreased in 63% and CD19 in 59% of children. “The severe” group had significantly higher procalcitonin and troponin I levels and lower platelets and albumin. Moreover, “the severe” group had hypotension more frequently (73% vs. 20%, p = .008). In phase B, all lymphocyte counts increased, and 32% of children had lymphocytosis. The increase of CD3, CD4, and CD8 counts correlated with some laboratory severity markers (hemoglobin, procalcitonin, D‐dimer, lactate dehydrogenase, N‐terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide, albumin), but not with steroid use. In phase C, most children had normal lymphocyte counts.ConclusionsSubstantial shifts in lymphocyte counts during MIS‐C apply most to T lymphocytes and correlate with the disease severity markers, particularly hypotension prevalence. A proportion of children with MIS‐C develops transient lymphocytosis during convalescence.
Mass spectrometry‐based metabolomics unravel the transfer of bioactive compounds between rye and neighbouring plants
Authors: Hazrati Hossein , Fomsgaard Inge S. , Ding Ling , Kudsk Per 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTranslocation of metabolites between different plant species provides important hints in understanding the fate of bioactive root exudates. In the present study, targeted and untargeted mass spectrometry‐based metabolomics was applied to elucidate the transfer of bioactive compounds between rye and several crops and weed species. Our results demonstrated that benzoxazinoids (BXs) synthesized by rye were taken up by roots of neighbouring plant species and translocated into their shoots. Furthermore, we showed that roots of rye plants took up compounds originating from neighbouring plants. Among the compounds taken up by rye roots, wogonin was detected in the rye shoot, which indicated a root‐to‐shoot translocation of this compound. Elucidating the transfer of bioactive compounds between plants is essential for understanding plant–plant interactions, developing natural pesticides and understanding their modes of action.
All‐cause mortality in a pediatric intensive care unit at a teaching hospital in Amman, Jordan
Authors: Daher Amirah H. , Al‐Ammouri Iyad , Ghanem Nour , Abu Zahra Mahmoud , Al‐Zayadneh Enas , Al‐Iede Montaha 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to describe the main causes of admission to a general pediatric intensive care unit (PICU), and examine the main causes of mortality in this patient population. In addition, we describe the percentage of patients who died following a failed cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) versus do not resuscitate (DNR) orders.MethodsThis was a retrospective, cohort study with a chart review of admissions and mortality cases that occurred in the PICU. Mortality rates in pediatric admissions are reported with a description of demographics, diagnosis, length of stay, use of mechanical ventilation, use of vasoactive agents, preexisting comorbidities, the presence of a DNR order, and final cause of mortality. Modes of mortality were described as failed CPR or a DNR order.ResultsDuring the study period there were 1,523 admissions to the PICU. Of those, 102 patients died with an overall mortality rate of 6.7%. Patients who died tended to be younger, and the majority (85%) had a preexisting comorbidity, with neuromuscular disease being the most common. The majority of the patients who died (69%) required invasive ventilation. The most common immediate cause of mortality was respiratory disease and the highest case fatality was among those with cardiac disease. Of those patients who died, 90% had failed CPR and 10% had a DNR order. Care was not withdrawn from any patient.ConclusionThis study describes the diagnostic categories of children admitted to the PICU, with respiratory disease being the most common cause of admission and mortality. The majority of children who died had an existing comorbidity and did not have a DNR order at the time of their death.
Utility of item 9 of the patient health questionnaire in the prospective identification of adolescents at risk of suicide attempt
Authors: Penfold Robert B. , Whiteside Ursula , Johnson Eric E. , Stewart Christine C. , Oliver Malia M. , Shortreed Susan M. , Beck Arne , Coleman Karen J. , Rossom Rebecca C. , Lawrence Jean M. , Simon Gregory E. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTIntroductionPrevious studies report that item 9 of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ9) is useful for stratifying risk of suicide attempt in adults. This study re‐produced the utility of item 9 of PHQ9 in assessing risk of suicide attempt in adolescents.Materials and MethodsIndividuals aged 13 to 17 years in 4 health systems with a diagnosis of depression and history of treatment were included. We estimated time to first observed fatal or non‐fatal suicide attempt in the 2 years following completion of a PHQ9, stratified by response to item 9.ResultsThere were 51,807 PHQ9 questionnaires for 20,363 youth and 861 instances of suicide attempt. Cumulative probability of suicide attempt ranged from approximately 3.3% (95% CI, 3.0 to 3.5%) for those responding “not at all” on item 9 to 10.8% (95% CI, 9.2 to 12.4%) for those responding “nearly every day”. These probabilities are more than 3 times higher than previously reported in adults.ConclusionPHQ item 9 is useful for stratifying risk of suicide attempt in the 2 years following completion of the questionnaire. Monitoring PHQ item 9 over time for patients in treatment for depression can be useful for population health management of adolescents with depression.
National Suicide Prevention Lifeline crisis chat interventions: Evaluation of chatters’ perceptions of effectiveness
Authors: Gould Madelyn S. , Chowdhury Saba , Lake Alison M. , Galfalvy Hanga , Kleinman Marjorie , Kuchuk Michelle , McKeon Richard 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveAs part of the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline’s crisis response system, the Lifeline Crisis Chat Network (LCC) answers chats from hundreds of thousands of at‐risk individuals yearly. The study’s objective was to assess the effectiveness of these online crisis interventions.MethodData from 39,911 pre‐chat surveys and 13,130 linked pre‐ and post‐chat surveys completed by LCC chatters from October 2017–June 2018 were analyzed. The relationship of several effectiveness measures with chatter demographics, pre‐chat distress, suicidal ideation, and chatters’ perceptions of engagement with their counselors was examined using a series of logistic regression analyses.ResultsChatters were significantly and substantially less distressed at the end of the chat intervention than at the beginning. By the end of the chat, two‐thirds of suicidal chatters reported that the chat had been helpful, while just under half reported being less suicidal.ConclusionsOur study offers empirical evidence for the Lifeline's online crisis chat services’ effectiveness, but also highlights areas for improvement. This is of critical import in light of the recent designation of 988 as the nationwide number for the Lifeline beginning in 2022, which will increase the Lifeline's prominence in providing suicide prevention and mental health crisis interventions in the United States.
The efficacy of isoniazid prophylaxis in renal transplant recipients in a high tuberculosis burden country
Authors: Dodani Sunil Kumar , Nasim Asma , Aziz Tahir , Naqvi Anwar 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionRenal transplant recipients are at high risk of tuberculosis (TB). We started isoniazid (INH) prophylaxis of 1 year duration in all renal transplant recipients from April 2009. Our aim was to assess the incidence of TB on INH prophylaxis and its tolerability.MethodsThis was a retrospective observational study. The files of renal transplant recipients from April 2009 to December 2011 were reviewed till June 2015. We noted the incidence of TB, INH tolerability, and development of resistance. We compared the incidence of TB with the historical controls who never received the prophylaxis.ResultsA total of 910 patients were reviewed and followed up for 4.8 years. INH prophylaxis was completed by 825 (91%) patients. A total of 46 patients (5%) developed active TB as compared to 15% in the historical controls. The median time of TB diagnosis from transplantation was 2.8 years. In the first‐year post transplant, out of total TB cases, 52% occurred in the historical controls whereas 13% occurred in study cohort. Around 67% had TB >2 years after transplant. Overall 1.43% had hepatotoxicity. There was a significant reduction in TB among those who completed prophylaxis to those who did not (p < 0.001). Of 14 cultures, one isolate was INH resistant (7%).ConclusionINH prophylaxis was well tolerated. The incidence of TB decreased in the first 2 years. However there was a surge in TB cases 1 year after stopping INH therapy. We should consider prolonging the duration of INH prophylaxis in high TB burden countries in renal transplant recipients.
Elucidation of myricetin biosynthesis in Morella rubra of the Myricaceae
Authors: Xing Mengyun , Cao Yunlin , Ren Chuanhong , Liu Yilong , Li Jiajia , Grierson Donald , Martin Cathie , Sun Chongde , Chen Kunsong , Xu Changjie , Li Xian 
Published: July 2021

SUMMARYFlavonols are health‐promoting bioactive compounds important for plant defense and human nutrition. Quercetin (Q) and kaempferol (K) biosynthesis have been studied extensively while little is known about myricetin (M) biosynthesis. The roles of flavonol synthases (FLSs) and flavonoid 3′,5′‐hydroxylase (F3′5′H) in M biosynthesis in Morella rubra, a member of the Myricaceae rich in M‐based flavonols, were investigated. The level of MrFLS transcripts alone did not correlate well with the accumulation of M‐based flavonols. However, combined transcript data for MrFLS1 and MrF3′5′H showed a good correlation with the accumulation of M‐based flavonols in different tissues of M. rubra. Recombinant MrFLS1 and MrFLS2 proteins showed strong activity with dihydroquercetin (DHQ), dihydrokaempferol (DHK), and dihydromyricetin (DHM) as substrates, while recombinant MrF3′5′H protein preferred converting K to M, amongst a range of substrates. Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) overexpressing 35S::MrFLSs produced elevated levels of K‐based and Q‐based flavonols without affecting M‐based flavonol levels, while tobacco overexpressing 35S::MrF3′5′H accumulated significantly higher levels of M‐based flavonols. We conclude that M accumulation in M. rubra is affected by gene expression and enzyme specificity of FLS and F3′5′H as well as substrate availability. In the metabolic grid of flavonol biosynthesis, the strong activity of MrF3′5′H with K as substrate additionally promotes metabolic flux towards M in M. rubra.
Feasibility study evaluating a veterinary point‐of‐care urine culture system for diagnosing septic peritonitis
Authors: Casna Brett R. , Simmerson Susan M. , Subashchandrabose Sargurunathan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the use of a veterinary point‐of‐care urine culture system (POCUCS) for the diagnosis of septic peritonitis.DesignProspective feasibility study performed between August 2017 and April 2018.SettingPrivate referral hospital.AnimalsTwenty samples of naturally occurring canine peritoneal effusion collected via aseptic abdominocentesis.ProceduresPoint‐of‐care urine culture systems were inoculated and incubated according to manufacturer's instructions. The presence of bacterial growth, estimation of colony‐forming units/mL of bacteria, and organism identification were recorded. Bacterial growth and organism identification on POCUCS were compared to an aerobic culture performed at a commercial microbiology laboratory. Serial dilution and subsequent culture on a POCUCS of a confirmedEscherichia coliinfected peritoneal effusion and negative control sample were performed to determine the lowest concentration of bacteria detectable.ResultsThere were 10 septic and 10 aseptic samples of peritoneal effusion confirmed by aerobic laboratory culture. Of the 10 culture‐positive samples, 8 were culture‐positive on the POCUCS. The sensitivity and specificity of the POCUCS for the detection of bacteria in peritoneal effusion were 80.0% and 100%, respectively. The POCUCS lowest limit of detectable bacteria in peritoneal effusion was 1000 CFUs/mL.ConclusionsThe POCUCS evaluated in this study was less sensitive and less rapid for diagnosing septic peritonitis than blood glucose to peritoneal effusion glucose ratio and plasma lactate to peritoneal effusion glucose ratio. This POCUCS is not recommended as a tool for diagnosing septic peritonitis.
An Accessible, 16-Week Neck Strength Training Program Improves Head Kinematics Following Chest Perturbation in Young Soccer Athletes
Authors: Le Flao Enora , Pichardo Andrew W. , Ganpatt Sherwin , Oranchuk Dustin J. 
Published: July 2021

Context:Neck size and strength may be associated with head kinematics and concussion risks. However, there is a paucity of research examining neck strengthening and head kinematics in youths. In addition, neck training is likely lacking in youth sport due to a perceived inadequacy of equipment or time.Objective:Examine neck training effects with minimal equipment on neck strength and head kinematics following chest perturbations in youth athletes.Design:Single-group, pretest–posttest case series.Setting:Athlete training center.Participants:Twenty-five (14 men and 11 women) youth soccer athletes (9.8 [1.5] y).Intervention:Sixteen weeks of twice-weekly neck-focused resistance training utilizing bands, body weight, and manual resistance.Main Outcome Measures:Head kinematics (angular range of motion, peak anterior–posterior linear acceleration, and peak resultant linear acceleration) were measured by an inertial motion unit fixed to the apex of the head during torso perturbations. Neck-flexion and extension strength were assessed using weights placed on the forehead and a plate-loaded neck harness, respectively. Neck length and circumference were measured via measuring tape.Results:Neck extension (increase in median values for all: +4.5 kg, +100%,P < .001; females: +4.5 kg, +100%,P = .002; males: +2.2 kg, +36%,P = .003) and flexion (all: +3.6 kg, +114%,P < .001; females: +3.6 kg, +114%,P = .004; males: +3.6 kg, +114%,P = .001) strength increased following the intervention. Men and women both experienced reduced perturbation-induced head pitch (all: −84%,P < .001). However, peak resultant linear acceleration decreased in the female (−53%,P = .004), but not male (−31%,P = 1.0) subgroup. Preintervention peak resultant linear acceleration and extension strength (R2 = .21,P = .033) were the closest-to-significance associations between head kinematics and strength.Conclusions:Young athletes can improve neck strength and reduce perturbation-induced head kinematics following a 16-week neck strengthening program. However, further research is needed to determine the effect of improved strength and head stabilization on concussion injury rates.
Interaction of the axionic dark matter, dynamic aether, spinor and gravity fields as an origin of oscillations of the fermion effective mass
Authors: Balakin Alexander B. , Efremova Anna O. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn the framework of the Einstein–Dirac-axion-aether theory we consider the quartet of self-interacting cosmic fields, which includes the dynamic aether, presented by the unit timelike vector field, the axionic dark mater, described by the pseudoscalar field, the spinor field associated with fermion particles, and the gravity field. The key, associated with the mechanism of self-interaction, is installed into the modified periodic potential of the pseudoscalar (axion) field constructed on the base of a guiding function, which depends on one invariant, one pseudo-invariant and two cross-invariants containing the spinor and vector fields. The total system of the field equations related to the isotropic homogeneous cosmological model is solved; we have found the exact solutions for the guiding function for three cases: nonzero, vanishing and critical values of the cosmological constant. Based on these solutions, we obtained the expressions for the effective mass of spinor particles, interacting with the axionic dark matter and dynamic aether. This effective mass is shown to bear imprints of the cosmological epoch and of the state of the cosmic dark fluid in that epoch.
Local one-dimensional reggeon model of the interaction of pomerons and odderons
Authors: Braun M. A. , Kuzminskii E. M. , Vyazovsky M. I. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe propose the one-dimensional reggeon theory describing local pomerons and odderons. It generalizes the well-known one-dimensional theory of pomerons (the Gribov model) and includes only triple interaction vertices. The proposed theory is studied by numerical methods: the one-particle pomeron and odderon propagators and the pA amplitude are found as functions of rapidity by integrating the evolution equation.
NLO QCD corrections to off-shell $${t{\bar{t}}W^\pm }$$ production at the LHC: correlations and asymmetries
Authors: Bevilacqua Giuseppe , Bi Huan-Yu , Hartanto Heribertus Bayu , Kraus Manfred , Nasufi Jasmina , Worek Malgorzata 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRecent discrepancies between theoretical predictions and experimental data in multi-lepton plus b-jets analyses for the $$t{\bar{t}}W^\pm $$

t

t

¯

W
±

process, as reported by the ATLAS collaboration, have indicated that more accurate theoretical predictions and high precision observables are needed to constrain numerous new physics scenarios in this channel. To this end we employ NLO QCD computations with full off-shell top quark effects included to provide theoretical predictions for the $$\mathcal{R}= \sigma _{t{\bar{t}}W^+}/\sigma _{t{\bar{t}}W^-}$$

R
=

σ

t

t

¯

W
+

/

σ

t

t

¯

W
-

cross section ratio at the LHC with $$\sqrt{s}=13$$

s

=
13

TeV. Depending on the transverse momentum cut on the b-jet we obtain 2–3% theoretical precision on $$\mathcal{R}$$
R
, which should help to shed some light on new physics effects that can reveal themselves only once sufficiently precise Standard Model theoretical predictions are available. Furthermore, triggered by these discrepancies we reexamine the charge asymmetry of the top quark and its decay products in the $$t{\bar{t}}W^\pm $$

t

t

¯

W
±

production process. In the case of charge asymmetries, that are uniquely sensitive to the chiral nature of possible new physics in this channel, theoretical uncertainties below 15% are obtained. Additionally, the impact of the top quark decay modelling is scrutinised by explicit comparison with predictions in the narrow-width approximation.