bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and Safety of Abiraterone Acetate and Enzalutamide for the Treatment of Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wei ZhenHeng , Chen ChuXin , Li BoWen , Li YongYue , Gu Hong 
Published: September 2021

ObjectiveThe androgen receptor-targeting drugs abiraterone acetate and enzalutamide have shown positive results as treatments for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Therefore, a meta-analysis was conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of abiraterone acetate and enzalutamide in patients with mCRPC.MethodsWe retrieved relevant articles from PubMed, Cochrane, and EMBASE published before December 31, 2020. Eleven articles were initially selected, and four phase III, double-blind, randomized controlled trials of abiraterone acetate and enzalutamide that involved 5199 patients with mCRPC were included. The end points were time to prostate-specific antigen progression (TTPP), according to the prostate-specific antigen working group criteria; overall survival (OS); and radiographic progression-free survival (rPFS).ResultsFour randomized, controlled clinical trials involving 5199 patients were included in this study. The results of the meta-analysis showed that compared with placebo alone, abiraterone significantly improved OS (HR=0.69, 95% CI: 0.60-0.8, P&lt;0.00001), rPFS (HR=0.64, 95% CI: 0.57-0.71, P &lt; 0.00001), and TTPP (HR=0.52, 95% CI: 0.45-0.59, P &lt; 0.00001) in patients with mCRPC. Compared with placebo, enzalutamide significantly improved OS (HR=0.67, 95% CI: 0.59-0.75, P&lt;0.00001), rPFS (HR=0.33, 95% CI: 0.29-0.37, P&lt; 0.00001), and TTPP (HR=0.19, 95% CI: 0.17-0.22, P &lt; 0.00001). An indirect comparison was performed to compare the efficacy of abiraterone and enzalutamide. The results showed that there was no significant difference between abiraterone and enzalutamide with regard to improving the OS of patients with mCRPC (HR=1.03, 95% CI: 0.854-1.242). Enzalutamide was superior to abiraterone with regard to improving rPFS in patients with mCRPC (HR=0.516, 95% CI: 0.438-0.608). With regard to improving TTPP, the efficacy of enzalutamide was better than that of abiraterone (HR=0.365, 95% CI: 0.303-0.441). In sAE, there was no difference between abiraterone and enzalutamide (P=0.21, I2 = 38%).ConclusionsCompared with placebo, both abiraterone and enzalutamide significantly prolonged OS, rPFS, and TTPP in patients with mCRPC. There was no difference in safety between abiraterone and enzalutamide. In addition, enzalutamide had better efficacy than abiraterone with regard to improving rPFS and TTPP but not OS, but the level of evidence was low. Therefore, a large direct comparison trial is needed to compare the efficacy of the two drugs.Systematic Review RegistrationPROSPERO, identifier (CRD42021226808)
Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia Reduces the Effects of Glucosteroid in Asthma via Activating the p38 MAPK Signaling Pathway
Authors: Liang Li , Gu Xin , Shen Hai Ji , Shi Yu Heng , Li Yao , Zhang Jie , Chen Yan Yan , Chen Zhen He , Ma Jia Yun , Li Qing Yun 
Published: September 2021

AimsObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a risk factor for steroid-resistant (SR) asthma. However, the underlying mechanism is not well defined. This study aimed to investigate how chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH), the main pathophysiology of OSA, influenced the effects of glucocorticoids (GCs) on asthma.Main MethodsThe effects of dexamethasone (Dex) were determined using the ovalbumin (OVA)-challenged mouse model of asthma and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β treated airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs), with or without CIH. The p38 MAPK signaling pathway activity was then detected in the mouse (n= 6) and ASMCs models (n= 6), which were both treated with the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB239063.Key FindingsUnder CIH, mouse pulmonary resistance value, inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and inflammation scores increased in OVA-challenged combined with CIH exposure mice compared with OVA-challenged mice (p&lt; 0.05). These indicators were similarly raised in the OVA + CIH + Dex group compared with the OVA + Dex group (P&lt; 0.05). CIH exposure enhanced the activation of the p38 MAPK pathway, oxidative stress injury, and the expression of NF-κB both in lung tissue and ASMCs, which were reversed by treatment with Dex and SB239063. In thein vitrostudy, treatment with Dex and SB239063 decreased ASMCs proliferation induced by TGF-β combined with CIH and suppressed activation of the p38 MAPK pathway, oxidative stress injury, and NF-κB nuclear transcription (p&lt; 0.05).SignificanceThese results indicated that CIH decreased GC sensitivity by activating the p38 MAPK signaling pathway.
Preferred Place of Death in Adult Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Fereidouni Armin , Rassouli Maryam , Salesi Mahmood , Ashrafizadeh Hadis , Vahedian-Azimi Amir , Barasteh Salman 
Published: September 2021

Background: Identifying the preferred place of death is a key indicator of the quality of death in cancer patients and one of the most important issues for health service policymakers. This study was done to determine the preferred place of death and the factors affecting it for adult patients with cancer.Methods: In this systematic review and meta-analysis study four online databases (PubMed, Scopus, web of science, ProQuest) were searched by relevant keywords. Quality assessment of papers was conducted using Newcastle-Ottawa (NOS) criterion. Odds ratios, relative risks, and 95% confidence intervals were determined for each of the factors extracted from the investigations.Results: A total of 14,920 participants of 27 studies were included into the meta-analysis. Based on the results, 55% of cancer patients with a confidence interval [95% CI (41–49)] preferred home, 17% of patients with a confidence interval [95% CI (−12%) 23)] preferred hospital and 10% of patients with confidence interval [95% CI (13–18)] preferred hospices as their favored place to die. Effective factors were also reported in the form of demographic characteristics, disease-related factors and psychosocial factors.Conclusions: This study showed that more than half of cancer patients chose home as their preferred place of death. Therefore, guided policies need to ensure that the death of the patients in the preferred place should be considered with priority.Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020218680, identifier: CRD42020218680.
Epidemiology, Hot Spots, and Sociodemographic Risk Factors of Alcohol Consumption in Indian Men and Women: Analysis of National Family Health Survey-4 (2015-16), a Nationally Representative Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Balasubramani Karuppusamy , Paulson Winnie , Chellappan Savitha , Ramachandran Ramakrishnan , Behera Sujit Kumar , Balabaskaran Nina Praveen 
Published: September 2021

Objectives: To map the alcohol hot spots and understand the Sociodemographic Indices (SDI) affecting alcohol consumption in Indian men and women.Methods: Data from National Family Health Survey-4 carried out from 2015 to 2016 with a sample size of 103,411 men and 699,686 women were used for Geographic Information System mapping, and hot spot identification by spatial statistics (Getis-Ord Gi*). Bivariate analyses and multiple logistic regressions were used to analyze SDI.Results: India has three major alcohol hot spots: (1) North-East (NE) states, (2) Eastern Peninsular states formed by Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Jharkhand, and Telangana, and (3) Southern states of Tamil Nadu and Kerala. Hot spot analysis strongly correlated with region-wise analysis of SDI. Respondents who consumed tobacco have higher odds (men adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 5.42; women aOR: 4.30) of consuming alcohol. Except for religion and social category, other socioeconomic factors have a low to moderate effect on alcohol consumption.Conclusions: Hot spots and high-risk districts of alcohol consumption identified in this study can guide public health policies for targeted intervention. Alcohol use is at the discretion of individual states and union territories, and stringent anti-alcohol policies strictly enforced across India are the keys to control alcohol use.
Thyroid Dysfunction, Vitamin B12, and Folic Acid Deficiencies Are Not Associated With Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults in Lima, Peru
Authors: Diaz Monica M. , Custodio Nilton , Montesinos Rosa , Lira David , Herrera-Perez Eder , Pintado-Caipa Maritza , Cuenca-Alfaro Jose , Gamboa Carlos , Lanata Serggio 
Published: September 2021

Background: Reversible etiologies of cognitive impairment are common and treatable, yet the majority of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia research in Latin America has focused on irreversible, neurodegenerative etiologies.Objective: We sought to determine if thyroid dysfunction and vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies are associated with cognitive disorders among older adults with memory complaints in Lima, Peru.Methods: This was a retrospective review of patients who presented for cognitive evaluations to a multidisciplinary neurology clinic in Lima, Peru from January 2014 to February 2020. We included individuals aged ≥60 years, native Spanish-speakers, with at least a primary school educational level and a complete clinical assessment. Patients had either subjective cognitive decline (SCD), MCI, or dementia. One-way ANOVA and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed.Results: We included 720 patients (330 SCD, 154 MCI, and 236 dementia); the dementia group was significantly older [mean age SCD 69.7 ± 4.1, dementia 72.4 ± 3.7 (p = 0.000)] and had lower folate levels than SCD patients. The MCI group had higher free T3 levels compared with SCD patients. Those with lower TSH had greater dementia risk (OR = 2.91, 95%CI: 1.15–6.86) but not MCI risk in unadjusted models. B12 deficiency or borderline B12 deficiency was present in 34% of the dementia group, yet no clear correlation was seen between neuropsychological test results and B12 levels in our study. There was no association between MCI or dementia and thyroid hormone, B12 nor folate levels in adjusted models.Conclusion: Our findings do not support an association between metabolic and endocrine disorders and cognitive impairment in older Peruvians from Lima despite a high prevalence of B12 deficiency. Future work may determine if cognitive decline is associated with metabolic or endocrine changes in Latin America.
Vitamin A Levels Among Pre-School Children of Central and Western China
Authors: Chen Qian , Liu Yongfang , Chen Li , Chen Jie , Yang Ting , Cheng Qian , Li Tingyu 
Published: September 2021

Objective: To investigate vitamin A deficiency of pre-school children in central and western China for developing strategies to prevent and control vitamin A deficiency (VAD) among children.Design: From November 2018 to September 2019, a total of 2,194 healthy children aged 2–6 years were enrolled. Serum retinol levels in the children were detected by liquid-phase tandem mass spectrometry. In addition, social demographic and dietary questionnaires were collected through interviews with children's caregivers.Setting: The participants were enrolled in 12 cities or their subordinate jurisdictions in the central and western regions of China.Participants: Two thousand one hundred and ninety four healthy children aged 2–6 years old.Results: Overall, 35.51% (779/2,194) of the children were found to be vitamin A insufficient (VAI, serum retinol &lt; 1.05 μmol/L). Elder children had a higher risk to suffer from VAI, with proportions of 25.00% (87/348), 28.92% (142/491), 38.38% (256/667), and 42.73% (294/688) among children aged 2, 3, 4, and 5 years, respectively. Vitamin A levels were also positively correlated with per capita income (AOR = 1.18) and regional economic level (0.71), and the frequency of milk intake (0.91).Conclusions: The incidence of VAI was higher among children aged 2–6 years, and the incidence of VAI increases with age. VA levels were positively correlated with levels of economic development in the family and region. So prevention strategies for VAD need to focus on pre-school children, especially dairy intake and developing regions.
Changes in Motivation, Socialization, Wellness and Mental Health in Youth Long-Distance Runners During COVID-19 Social Distancing Restrictions
Authors: Bazett-Jones David M. , Garcia Micah C. , Taylor-Haas Jeffery A. , Long Jason T. , Rauh Mitchell J. , Paterno Mark V. , Ford Kevin R. 
Published: September 2021

Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic impacted the sporting and exercise activities of millions of youth. Running is an activity that could be maintained while social distancing restrictions were implemented during the pandemic. However, a recent study has indicated that youth runners reported lower running distance, frequency, and intensity during COVID-19. The reason for this reduction and the impact on overall well-being is unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if the social distancing restrictions during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic influenced running motives, socialization, wellness and mental health in youth long-distance runners.Methods: A customized, open online questionnaire was provided to runners 9–19 years of age who participated in long-distance running activities including team/club cross-country, track and field (distances ≥800 m), road races, or recreational running. Participants responded to questions about demographics, motive for running, and wellness (sleep quality, anxiety, running enjoyment, food consumption quality) 6-months before as well as during social distancing restrictions due to COVID-19. Wilcoxon signed rank tests compared differences for ratio data and Chi-square tests were used to compare proportions before and during COVID-19 social distancing restrictions. Statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05.Results: A total of 287 youth long-distance runners (male = 124, female = 162, unspecified = 1; age = 15.3 ± 1.7 years; running experience = 5.0 ± 2.3 years) participated. Compared to their pre-COVID-19 responses, youth long-distance runners reported lower overall motivation to run (p &lt; 0.001) and changes to most motive rankings (p &lt; 0.001 to p = 0.71). The proportion of youth running alone increased during COVID-19 (65.8%) compared to pre-COVID-19 (13.8%, p &lt; 0.001). Youth long-distance runners also reported less running enjoyment (p = 0.001), longer sleep duration (p &lt; 0.001), lower sleep quality (p = 0.05), more anxiety (p = 0.043), and lower food quality consumed (p &lt; 0.001) during COVID-19 social distance restrictions.Conclusion: The COVID-19 social distancing restrictions resulted in significant decreases in motivation and enjoyment of running. The removal of competition and team-based interactions likely had a role in these decreases for this population. Continuing team-based activities (e.g., virtual) during social distancing may help with maintaining motivation of youth long-distance runners. Reduced running occurred concurrently with reduced overall well-being of youth long-distance runners during the COVID-19 pandemic.
GASOTRANSMITTERS IN THE REGULATION OF THE FUNCTIONS OF THE INTRAORGANIC BLOOD VESSELS OF THE UTERUS
Authors: Черток В. М. , Храмова И. А. , Коцюба А. Е. 
Published: September 2021

Несмотря на то, что внутриорганное кровеносное русло является основным звеном для адекватного кровоснабжения органных структур, в матке ее строение, функции и механизмы регуляции во многом не изучены. В обзоре представлены данные литературы и собственные материалы по локализации и распределению газотрансмиттеров во внутриорганных сосудах матки. Рассматриваются клеточные и молекулярные механизмы участия NO, СО и HS в регуляции функций этих сосудов. Приведенные материалы, с одной стороны, подчеркивают значимость данных сигнальных молекул в регуляции сократимости гладких мышц сосудов, проницаемости капилляров, с другой - указывают на необходимость дальнейших исследований роли газотрансмиттеров в общей системе регуляции гемодинамики матки.
Despite the fact that the intraorganic circulatory bed is the main element providing adequate blood supply to organ structures, its structure, functions and regulatory mechanisms in the uterus are largely unknown. The review presents the literature data and own materials on the localization and distribution of gasotransmitters in the intraorganic vessels of the uterus. The cellular and molecular mechanisms of the participation of NO, CO and H2S in the regulation of the function of these vessels are rewieved. On the one hand, these materials emphasize the importance of these signaling molecules in the regulation of contractility of the smooth muscles of the blood vessels and capillary permeability, on the other hand, point out the need for further studies of the role of gasotransmitters in the general system of uterine hemodynamic regulation.
STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL CHANGES OF ENDOTHELIUM OF HEART’S VESSELS OF OLD RATS ACCORDING TO IMMUNISTOCHEMICAL STUDIES
Authors: Чумасов Е. И. , Петрова Е. С. 
Published: September 2021

Цель работы - исследование морфофункциональных изменений эндотелия сосудов в различных отделах сердца стареющих крыс с помощью иммуногистохимического выявления фактора Виллебранда (фВ). Впервые выявлены признаки реактивных, дистрофических и патологических изменений эндотелиальных клеток (ЭК) в различных отделах сердца у старых (18-23 мес) крыс с помощью иммуногистохимического маркера. Наиболее выражены они в эндотелии артериальных сосудов (корня аорты, коронарных артериях эпикарда), а также синусоидных и обменных капилляров миокарда предсердий и желудочков. Обнаружены признаки десквамации ЭК в кровь, гибель капилляров в миокарде, увеличение числа синусоидных сосудов, их мумификация, образование лакун или цистерн, переполненных кровью. Выявлено, что, наряду с морфологическими изменениями, резко повышается секреторная активность ЭК и выброс белка фВ в плазму крови. Установлено, что в полости подаортального конуса сердца у животных в процессе старения накапливается масса продуктов метаболизма белка фВ, пигментированной зернистости, палочковидных телец Вейбеля-Паладе и различных размеров тромбов. Отмечено наличие пигментных структур не только в плазме крови артериального конуса, но и в створках клапанного аппарата и хордофиброзного кольца. Полученные данные имеют важное диагностическое значение и свидетельствуют о высокой вероятности факторов риска и возможности преждевременного летального исхода.
The aim of the work is to investigate the morphofunctional changes of the vascular endothelium in different parts of the heart of aging rats using immunohistochemical detection of Willebrand factor. Reactive, dystrophic and pathological changes of endotheliocytes in different parts of the heart of old (18-23 months) rats were ﬁ rst identiﬁed using an immunohistochemical marker vWF. They are most expressed in the endothelium of the arterial vessels of the aortic root, coronary arteries of the epicardium, and myocardial capillaries. In this work, desquamation of endothelial cells into the blood, death of capillaries in the myocardium, an increase in the number of sinusoidal vessels, their mummiﬁcation, the formation of lacunae or cisterns ﬁlled with blood were found. It has been established that the secretory activity of endotheliocytes increases with aging. It is established that the products of protein metabolism, pigment, Weibel-Palade body and various sizes of blood clots accumulate in the cavity subaortal cone of heart in old rats. Pigment structures were also found in the valves and the ﬁbrous ring. The data obtained are of great diagnostic value.
OPTIMIZATION OF THE INVASIVE STRATEGY FOR ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME IN PATIENTS OF THE OLDER AGE GROUP
Authors: Петров А. С. , Яковлев В. В. , Козлов К. Л. , Яковлев В. А. , Барсуков А. В. , Павлович И. М. , Тучков Д. Ю. 
Published: September 2021

Представлено исследование по изучению эффективности и безопасности различных антикоагулянтов, используемых у больных старшей возрастной группы с острым коронарным синдром при чрескожных коронарных вмешательствах. Показана высокая эффективность бивалирудина по сравнению с нефракционированным гепарином и Монафрамом в отношении числа кровотечений, возникающих в послеоперационном периоде, и неблагоприятных сердечно-сосудистых осложнений .
A study is presented on the effectiveness and safety of various anticoagulants used in patients of an older age group with acute coronary syndrome during percutaneous coronary interventions. Bivalirudin was shown to be highly effective in comparison with unfractionated heparin and monafram in relation to the amount of bleeding that occurs in the postoperative period and adverse cardiovascular complications.
THE INFLUENCE OF POLYPEPTIDE LIVER COMPLEX AND TETRAPEPTIDE ON ORGANISM PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTION IN NORM AND AGE-RELATED PATHOLOGY
Authors: Кузник Б. И. , Хасанова Н. В. , Рыжак Г. А. , Мещерякова И. Е. , Хавинсон В. Х. 
Published: September 2021

Применение большого числа лекарственных средств у лиц пожилого и старческого возраста часто приводит к нарушению функции печени. При этом с возрастом повышается риск развития цирроза печени, острого и хронического гепатита, что обусловливает необходимость поиска эффективных и безопасных гепатопротекторов. В обзоре приведены данные исследования гепатопротекторных, иммуномодулирующих и геропротекторных свойств полипептидного комплекса, экстрагированного из печени телят (Вентвил) и тетрапептида KEDA ( Lys-Glu-Asp-Ala , Ливаген). В моделях экспериментальной патологии печени у животных (острый и хронический гепатит, цирроз) и исследованиях in vitro показана высокая эффективность Вентвила и пептида KEDA . Вентвил и пептид KEDA обладают сходными свойствами - приводят к норме иммунный и антиоксидантный статус, восстанавливают функции печени при гепатите. Показано, что наибольшее гепато-и иммунопротекторное действие пептидов проявляется при старении.
The applying of many drugs in elderly and old people often is the reason of liver dysfunction. Thereat, the risk of liver ﬁbroid induration, acute and chronic hepatitis increases during aging. It is the reason to ﬁnd new, effective and harmless hepatoprotectors. In the review is shown the data of hepatoprotective, immunoprotective and antiageing properties of liver polypeptide complex (Ventvil) and KEDA tetrapeptide ( Lys-Glu-Asp-Ala , Livagen). In liver pathology experimental models (liver ﬁbroid induration, acute and chronic hepatitis) in amimals and in vitro was shown high efﬁciency of Ventvil and KEDA peptide. Ventvil and KEDA peptide had concordant effects - normalized immune and antioxidant status, restored liver function during hepatitis. It was demonstrated, that maximal hepato- and immunoprotective effect of peptides veriﬁed in aging.
EFFECTIVENESS OF MEASURES FOR SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL REHABILITATION OF ELDERLY PERSONS IN THE HOSPITAL
Authors: Гордиевская Е. О. , Костерина З. В. , Гордиевская О. В. , Старобина Е. М. , Климашева С. Б. 
Published: September 2021

Изучена эффективность социально-психологической реабилитации лиц пожилого возраста на отделении социально-психологической реабилитации клиники Федерального научного центра реабилитации инвалидов им. Г. А. Альбрехта как обязательной составляющей восстановительного процесса. Представлены результаты оценки влияния реабилитационных мер на активность и устойчивость жизнедеятельности реабилитируемых на основе выявления статистически значимых сдвигов составляющих психологического статуса с применением опросника САН.
The aim is to study the effectiveness of social and psychological rehabilitation of elderly people at the clinic of G. A. Albrecht Federal Scientiﬁc Centre of Rehabilitation of the Disabled - the impact of rehabilitation measures on the mental sphere of rehabilitated based on the identiﬁcation of statistically signiﬁcant changes in the components of psychological status using the questionnaire SAN.