bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toughness, Forbidden Subgraphs and Pancyclicity
Authors: Zheng Wei , Broersma Hajo , Wang Ligong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMotivated by several conjectures due to Nikoghosyan, in a recent article due to Li et al., the aim was to characterize all possible graphs H such that every 1-tough H-free graph is hamiltonian. The almost complete answer was given there by the conclusion that every proper induced subgraph H of $$K_1\cup P_4$$

K
1

∪

P
4

can act as a forbidden subgraph to ensure that every 1-tough H-free graph is hamiltonian, and that there is no other forbidden subgraph with this property, except possibly for the graph $$K_1\cup P_4$$

K
1

∪

P
4

itself. The hamiltonicity of 1-tough $$K_1\cup P_4$$

K
1

∪

P
4

-free graphs, as conjectured by Nikoghosyan, was left there as an open case. In this paper, we consider the stronger property of pancyclicity under the same condition. We find that the results are completely analogous to the hamiltonian case: every graph H such that any 1-tough H-free graph is hamiltonian also ensures that every 1-tough H-free graph is pancyclic, except for a few specific classes of graphs. Moreover, there is no other forbidden subgraph having this property. With respect to the open case for hamiltonicity of 1-tough $$K_1\cup P_4$$

K
1

∪

P
4

-free graphs we give infinite families of graphs that are not pancyclic.
Ultrasonographic assessment of ossification of the distal radial epiphysis for estimating forensic age
Authors: Ekizoglu Oguzhan , Er Ali , Buyuktoka Asli Dilara , Bozdag Mustafa , Karaman Gokce , Moghaddam Negahnaz , Grabherr Silke 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSince forensic age estimation is not a valid medical indication, research on the use of nonionizing methods is increasing. Ultrasonography is a radiological approach that protects patients from radiation exposure and offers special convenience to them. In this study, ultrasonography was used for age estimation by investigating the degree of ossification of the distal radial epiphysis. Its applicability on the Turkish population was investigated. The left wrist of 688 (322 males, 366 females) patients between the ages of 9 and 25 years was prospectively evaluated by ultrasonography. The intra- and interobserver reliabilities in evaluating the distal radial epiphysis and Cohen’s kappa statistics show that the interobserver error was very low, and the kappa value was found to be 0.919. Stage 3 and 4 ossification of the distal radial epiphysis was first detected at age 14.3 and 15.3 years in males and 12.7 and 14.8 years in females, respectively. The data obtained may help determine legally critical age limits of 14 and 15. Although it does not seem useful for the age of 18, ultrasonography may be recommended in selected cases as a fast, inexpensive, frequently reproducible radiological method without concern about radiation and without a predictable health risk.
European consensus on essential steps of Minimally Invasive Ivor Lewis and McKeown Esophagectomy through Delphi methodology
Authors: Eddahchouri Yassin , van Workum Frans , van den Wildenberg Frits J. H. , van Berge Henegouwen Mark I. , Polat Fatih , van Goor Harry ,   MIE Delphi Collaboration, Chaudry M. Asif , Cheong E. , Daams F. , van Det M. J. , Gutschow C. , Heisterkamp J. , Van Hillegersberg R. , Hölscher A. , Kouwenhoven E. A. , Luyer M. D. P. , Martijnse I. S. , Nafteux P. , Nieuwenhuijzen G. A. P. , Nilsson M. , Pattyn P. , van der Peet D. L. , Räsänen J. V. , Ruurda J. P. , Schneider P. , Schröder W. , van Veer H. , Wijnhoven B. P. L. , Pierie Jean-Pierre E. N. , Klarenbeek Bastiaan R. , Gisbertz Suzanne S. , Rosman Camiel 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) is a complex and technically demanding procedure with a long learning curve, which is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. To master MIE, training in essential steps is crucial. Yet, no consensus on essential steps of MIE is available. The aim of this study was to achieve expert consensus on essential steps in Ivor Lewis and McKeown MIE through Delphi methodology.

Methods
Based on expert opinion and peer-reviewed literature, essential steps were defined for Ivor Lewis (IL) and McKeown (McK) MIE. In a round table discussion, experts finalized the lists of steps and an online Delphi questionnaire was sent to an international expert panel (7 European countries) of minimally invasive upper GI surgeons. Based on replies and comments, steps were adjusted and rephrased and sent in iterative fashion until consensus was achieved.

Results
Two Delphi rounds were conducted and response rates were 74% (23 out of 31 experts) for the first and 81% (27 out of 33 experts) for the second round. Consensus was achieved on 106 essential steps for both the IL and McK approach. Cronbach’s alpha in the first round was 0.78 (IL) and 0.78 (McK) and in the second round 0.92 (IL) and 0.88 (McK).

Conclusions
Consensus among European experts was achieved on essential surgical steps for both Ivor Lewis and McKeown minimally invasive esophagectomy.
The relationship of global sagittal malalignment to fatty infiltration in the aging spine
Authors: Elysee Jonathan Charles , Lovecchio Francis , Lafage Renaud , Ang Bryan , Huang Alex , Bannwarth Mathieu , Kim Han Jo , Schwab Frank , Lafage Virginie 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate associations between muscle size, fat infiltration (FI), and global sagittal alignment in patients with adult spinal deformity (ASD).

Methods
Retrospective cohort study was conducted on a single-institution database of ASD patients with preoperative radiographs and CTs. Following multiplanar reconstructions of CTs, images in the plane of each vertebra were generated. The posterior vertebral musculature (PVM) was contoured on axial images at three vertebral levels (T2, T10, L3). FI was calculated by comparing Hounsfield units within muscles to the normative values of fat. Correlation analyses were conducted between demographics, alignment, and muscle characteristics.

Results
107 patients underwent preoperative spine CT (58yo, 79%F, BMI 27 kg/m2). Muscle data were available for 49 pts at T2, 39 pts at T10, and 81 pts at L3. Mean FI was T2 = 33% ± 18, T10 = 28% ± 19, L3_Erector = 39% ± 19, and L3_Psoas = 19% ± 9. FI correlated across levels (T2 vs. T10 r = 0.698; T10 vs L3_Erector r = 0.506; L3_Erector vs Psoas r = 0.419) and with demographics; older pts had greater fat percentages (r = 0.31–0.45) and BMIs (r = 0.24–0.51). Increased FI at T2, T10, and L3 was associated with increased pelvic retroversion (PT: r = 0.25–0.43), global deformity (TPA: r = 0.27–0.45), and anterior malalignment (SVA: r = 0.23–0.41). The degree of FI in the PVM increased with the severity of SRS-Schwab PT and SVA modifiers.

Conclusion
In ASD patients, global sagittal malalignment is related to FI of the PVM throughout the lumbar and thoracic spine, as identified through CT. Future research should investigate how FI relates to ASD pathogenesis.
Combined inhibition of PD-1/PD-L1, Lag-3, and Tim-3 axes augments antitumor immunity in gastric cancer–T cell coculture models
Authors: Mimura Kosaku , Kua Ley-Fang , Xiao Jin-Fen , Asuncion Bernadette Reyna , Nakayama Yuko , Syn Nicholas , Fazreen Zul , Soong Richie , Kono Koji , Yong Wei-Peng 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Immunotherapy targeting PD-1 provides a limited survival benefit in patients with unresectable advanced or recurrent gastric cancer (GC). Beside PD-L1, the expression of inhibitory ligands such as CEACAM-1 and LSECtin on GC cells account for this limitation. Here we assessed their expression and immune suppressive effect in GC patients.

Methods
Using multiplexed immunohistochemistry staining, we evaluated the distribution of different inhibitory ligands, including PD-L1, CEACAM-1, LSECtin, and MHC class II, in 365 GC patients. We analyzed their correlations and overall survival (OS) based on the expression of each inhibitory ligand and the independent prognostic factors that affect OS. Subsequently, we evaluated the additive effect of anti-PD-1 mAb or anti-PD-L1 mAb with/without anti-Lag-3 mAb with/without anti-Tim-3 mAb in cytotoxic assay using tumor-antigen specific CTL clones against GC cell lines.

Results
Co-expression of the inhibitory ligands for PD-1, Tim-3, and Lag-3 was observed in the largest proportion (34.7%). CEACAM-1, LSECtin, and MHC class II expression showed significant correlation with PD-L1 expression and OS. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that CEACAM-1 low is an independent prognostic factor. Furthermore, combining dual and triple ICIs yielded additive effect on cytotoxicity of CTL clones against each immune inhibitory ligand positive GC cell lines.

Conclusions
Our findings suggested that the expression of inhibitory ligands for Tim-3 and Lag-3 on GC cells serve as potential biomarkers to predict the response to anti-PD-1 therapy and the combinatorial immunotherapy with ICIs targeting for PD-1, Tim-3, and Lag-3 has a therapeutic potential for GC patients.
Stagnierender Mehrjähriger Finanzrahmen trotz zunehmender Herausforderungen
Authors: Schratzenstaller Margit 
Published: February 2021

SchlussbemerkungDer europäische Aufbauplan, der gleichzeitig einen Impuls zur Bekämpfung der pandemiebedingten wirtschaftlichen Krise setzen und zur Bewältigung bedeutender Zukunftsaufgaben, vor allem des digitalen Wandels sowie des Klimawandels, beitragen soll, ist aus mehreren Gründen bemerkenswert (Schratzenstaller, 2020). Mit nicht rückzahlbaren Finanzhilfen von 390 Mrd. Euro weist NGEU eine beachtliche Transferkomponente auf. NGEU wird durch die gemeinsame Aufnahme von Schulden durch die Mitgliedsländer finanziert. Die für die Transfers aufgenommenen Schulden sollen mit Hilfe innovativer Eigenmittelquellen zwischen 2028 und 2058 zurückgezahlt werden. Es darf jedoch nicht übersehen werden, dass den strukturellen Defiziten der Ausgaben im Rahmen des MFR sowie im Eigenmittelsystem der EU nur mit sehr zaghaften Reformschritten begegnet worden ist. Umso wichtiger ist es, die laufende MFR-Periode für die Ausarbeitung substanzieller Reformvorschläge für den MFR nach 2027 sowie die Herstellung eines entsprechenden Konsenses für deren Implementierung unter den Mitgliedsländern zu nutzen.
Debatte über die Doppik: Replik und Erwiderung
Authors: Stüber Stephan , Christofzik Désirée I. , Dorn Florian , Gäbler Stefanie , Raffer Christian , Rösel Felix 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungIn der Septemberausgabe 2020 veröffentlichte der Wirtschaftsdienst einen Aufsatz mit dem Titel „Bremst die Doppik öffentliche Investitionen? Ergebnisse aus drei aktuellen Evaluationsstudien“ von Désirée Christofzik, Florian Dorn, Stefanie Gäbler, Christian Raffer und Felix Rösel. Stephan Stüber vertritt in einer Replik eine andere Auffassung, im Anschluss erläutern Christofzik et al. ihren Standpunkt in einer Erwiderung.
Dyadic Emotion Regulation in Women with Borderline Personality Disorder
Authors: Miano Annemarie , Barnow Sven , Wagner Stina , Roepke Stefan , Dziobek Isabel 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Emotion regulation (ER) and interpersonal dysfunction constitute key features of borderline personality disorder (BPD). Here, we tested if females with BPD show impairments in dyadic ER, that is in their support seeking and creation of closeness. We investigated if women with BPD might over-rely on their male partner by excessive support seeking and establishing of closeness, during conversations with personally and relationship-threatening topics.

Methods
Thirty couples in which the women were diagnosed with BPD and 34 healthy control (HC) couples were videotaped while discussing neutral, personally threatening, and relationship-threatening topics. Support seeking was rated by three independent raters, using a naïve observer method. The creation of closeness was rated using a continuous video-rating. Perceived emotions were assessed using self-report after each conversation.

Results
Women with BPD engaged in more support seeking than HC women, especially in more negative behaviors to elicit support, they created less closeness to their partner than HCs and reported a greater decline of positive emotions in both threatening conditions. Women with BPD displayed more fluctuations than controls between creating closeness and distance in the personally-threatening situation. They reported a larger increase in negative emotions after the relationship threatening conversation compared to female HC.

Conclusions
The present study indicates an increased demand of dyadic ER in BPD. Increased negative support seeking and less creation of closeness to the partner might reflect ineffective strategies to actually receive support from the partner.
Towards Autonomous Robotic Assembly: Using Combined Visual and Tactile Sensing for Adaptive Task Execution
Authors: Nottensteiner Korbinian , Sachtler Arne , Albu-Schäffer Alin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRobotic assembly tasks are typically implemented in static settings in which parts are kept at fixed locations by making use of part holders. Very few works deal with the problem of moving parts in industrial assembly applications. However, having autonomous robots that are able to execute assembly tasks in dynamic environments could lead to more flexible facilities with reduced implementation efforts for individual products. In this paper, we present a general approach towards autonomous robotic assembly that combines visual and intrinsic tactile sensing to continuously track parts within a single Bayesian framework. Based on this, it is possible to implement object-centric assembly skills that are guided by the estimated poses of the parts, including cases where occlusions block the vision system. In particular, we investigate the application of this approach for peg-in-hole assembly. A tilt-and-align strategy is implemented using a Cartesian impedance controller, and combined with an adaptive path executor. Experimental results with multiple part combinations are provided and analyzed in detail.
Association Mapping of Thousand Grain Weight using SSR and SNP Markers in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Across Six Environments
Authors: Chen Xiangong , Dang Xiaojing , Wang Ya , Yang Yufeng , Yang Guohong , Sun Jianjun , Yin Haiqing , Liu Erbao , Hong Delin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThousand grain weight (TGW) is an important determinant of rice yield, and correlates with grain size, plumpness and grain number per panicle. In rice, there are fewer association mapping studies relating grain weight traits using both SSR and SNP markers. In this study, in order to find robust SSR markers associated with TGW trait and mine elite accessions in rice, we investigated the TGW trait across six environments using a natural population consisted of 462 accessions, and then performed association mapping using both SSR and SNP markers. Using the six datasets from the six environments and their best linear unbiased estimator, we identified eight TGW associated SSR markers, with three environmentally stable and one newly found, on five chromosomes. The associated markers have genetic effect from 3.44% to 20.84%, and two of them carry stable elite allele with positive effect across different environments. Candidate interval association mapping using re-sequencing derived SNP/InDel markers further confirms the TGW-SSR association, and also suggests that 3 TGW-SSR associations were high confident in intervals of size from 176 to 603 kb. These results not only shed more lights on the genetics of TGW trait, but also suggest that the multi-allelic SSR markers should be used as an alternative power tool in gene or QTL mapping.
Potential application of gold nanoparticles in food packaging: a mini review
Authors: Paidari Saeed , Ibrahim Salam Adnan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn the past few decades, there have been remarkable advances in our knowledge of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and synthesizing methods. AuNPs have become increasingly important in biomedical and industrial applications. As a newly implemented method, AuNPs are being used in nanopackaging industries for their therapeutic and antibacterial characteristics as well as their inert and nontoxic nature. As with other NPs, AuNPs have privileges and disadvantages when utilized in the food sector, yet a significant body of research has shown that, due to the specific nontoxic characteristics, AuNPs could be used to address other NP flaws. In this mini review, we present synthesizing methods, food industry applications, and mechanisms of action of gold nanoparticles. Regarding the investigations, gold nanoparticles can play a major role to reduce microbial load in foodstuff and therefore can be implemented in food packaging as an effective approach.
The Efficacy of Interdisciplinary Near-Peer Teaching Within Neuroanatomical Education—Preliminary Observations
Authors: Taylor Charles F. C. , Kurn Octavia R. , Glautier Steven P. , Anbu Deepika , Dean Oliver , Nagy Eva , Geoghan Kate R. , Harrison Charlie H. , Payne December R. , Hall Sam , Border Scott 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNear-Peer Teaching (NPT) is increasingly becoming an integral part of the medical curriculum. When considered alongside the increasing popularity of interdisciplinary education, it seems appropriate to explore NPT within an interdisciplinary context. In these observations, 3rd-year medical students taught 2nd-year psychology students neuroanatomy. The session was evaluated using three objective and subjective assays. A knowledge assessment test showed significant improvement after teaching, and there were significant improvements on self-perceived knowledge/attitudes towards neuroanatomy, as well as positive feedback on the use of NPT. These observations evidence the successful use of Interdisciplinary Near-Peer Teaching (INPT) within a neuroanatomical curriculum.
Back to the past: the historical roots of labor-saving automation
Authors: Staccioli Jacopo , Virgillito Maria Enrica 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper, relying on a still relatively unexplored long-term dataset on U.S. patenting activity, provides empirical evidence on the history of labor-saving innovations back to early nineteenth century. The identification of mechanization/automation heuristics, retrieved via textual content analysis on current robotic technologies by Montobbio et al. (Robots and the origin of their labour-saving impact, LEM Working Paper Series 2020/03), allows to focus on a limited set of CPC codes where mechanization and automation technologies are more prevalent. We track their time evolution, clustering, eventual emergence of wavy behavior, and their comovements with long-term GDP growth. Our results challenge both the general-purpose technology approach and the strict 50-year Kondratiev cycle, while they provide evidence of the emergence of erratic constellations of heterogeneous technological artefacts, in line with the development-block approach enabled by autocatalytic systems.
Development of an Imaging Evaluation System for Low Back Pain
Authors: Sun Ping-En , Yang Bing-Shiang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To design a low back pain (LBP) imaging evaluation system for non-professional operators, quantifying risk of LBP in patients and asymptomatic individuals.

Methods
Twenty-one previously asymptomatic subjects and five LBP patients diagnosed by a physician performed a series of test movements under a fixed camera, including hip abduction test, forward bending test, side bending test, double legs lowering test (DLLT), and modified Thomas test. The video clips were analyzed by a system program interface and were classified into a score from 1 to 4. The average total scores of the two groups were compared. Five intact subjects were retested to verify reliability. Twelve intact subjects and three patients’ clips were viewed by an experienced therapist to verify system validity.

Results
The average total scores of two groups were significantly different (p = 0.0004). The results of hip abduction test, forward bending test, side bending test and DLLT showed significant differences between the two groups. The total score of two trials in the retest experiment exhibited a similar result (p = 0.058), with good linear correlation (r = 0.98). The total scores of the evaluations by the experienced therapist and the system program interface agreed with each other (p = 0.141; linear correlation r = 0.90).

Conclusion
The evaluation system showed potential utility in screening LBP risk, with acceptable test–retest reliability and expert validity.
A Simultaneous Observation of Lightning by ASIM, Colombia‐Lightning Mapping Array, GLM, and ISS‐LIS
Authors: Montanyà Joan , López Jesús A. , Morales Rodriguez Carlos A. , van der Velde Oscar A. , Fabró Ferran , Pineda Nicolau , Navarro‐González Javier , Reglero Víctor , Neubert Torsten , Chanrion Olivier , Goodman Steven J. , Østgaard Nikolai , Ladino‐Rincon Alfonso , Romero David , Solà Glòria , Horta Ricard , Freijó Modesto 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe Atmosphere‐Space Interactions Monitor (ASIM) on the International Space Station (ISS) provides optical radiances and images of lightning flashes in several spectral bands. This work presents a lightning flash simultaneously observed from space by ASIM, the Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM) and the Lightning Imaging Sensor on the International Space Station (ISS‐LIS); and from ground by the Colombia‐Lightning Mapping Array (Colombia‐LMA). Volumetric weather radar provides reflectivity data to help to interpret the effects of the cloud particles on the observed optical features. We found that surges in radiance in the band at 777.4 nm appear to be related mostly with lightning processes involving currents as well with branching of lightning leaders with new leader development. In cloud areas with reflectivity <18 dBZ above the lightning leader channels at altitudes >7 km, these have been imaged by ASIM and GLM. But in the region with reflectivity <23 dBZ above the lightning leader channels, despite its lower cloud tops and similar altitudes of lightning channels, these have been almost undetectable. The calculated relative optical depths are consistent with the observed optical intensity at the cloud top. Despite the effects of the cloud particles and the altitude of the lightning channels on the attenuation of the luminosity, the luminosity of the lightning channels due to different processes is fundamental for the imaging of lightning from space.