bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship of poetry to painting at Al-Jahith: علاقة الشعر بالرسم عند الجاحظ
Authors: Tanweer bint Ahmed Hindi  
Published: May 2021

The relationship between poetry and other arts is not hidden, and from those human arts to which poetry has a strong relationship is (drawing). The relationship between these two arts is as old as the art itself. It has found many references to this relationship in our critical heritage. Al-Jahiz is the oldest Arabic critic who exposed this relationship and highlighted it through the practical application in his critical studies. Therefore, I saw the importance of shedding light on his position on this important issue and trying to identify the extent to which he applied his perception, to consolidate this relationship in our critical Arabic heritage through the pyramid of the ancient Arabic criticism (Al-Jahiz). This was done by following the three scientific methods: inductive, descriptive, and applied. Al-Jahiz dealt with this issue by commenting on the poetic verses that contain graphic images, such as imitation, metaphor, and metonymy in his both books: Al-Bayan Wal-Tabyeen, and Al-Hayawan. The research did not overlook the effect of the relationship between poetry and drawing on the great critical issue (word and meaning) through the criticism of Al-Jahiz. The research reached that Al-Jahiz was very aware of the relationship between the human arts and their interactions, and that poetry is based on depiction. Al-Jahiz is the first Arabic critic to say that there is an authentic relationship between poetry and drawing. He draws the attention of the rhetoricians and critics after him to the literary depiction, the ability of poetry to represent the meanings to the senses, and the played role by visual perceptions in the processes of formatting and receiving poetry. The poet and the painter agree initially on the imagination which they come out, and then they differ in the tools and the body they produce to meet eventually again when they have the same effect - often - on the recipient.
Historical Geography of the Sinai Peninsula and its impact in the regional and international milieu: الجُغرافيا التَّاريخيَّةُ لشِبهِ جِزيرةِ سَيناء وتَأثيرُها فِي الوَسطيْن الإقليميِّ والدَوْلي
Authors: Yasmin Kamel Salim Bin Saleh  
Published: May 2021

The research aimed to shed light on the Sinai peninsula and its importance throughout the ages, and its impact on the regional and international circles, and to reveal the manifestations of strength that lie behind the geographical location and historical role of Sinai. The study relied on the historical inductive approach, in addition to analyzing and evaluating the writings on the Sinai, with a view to arriving at general rulings on the strategic importance of the Sinai Peninsula through the ages. Geographic information systems. The research is based on a study of the historical geography of the Sinai Peninsula, its impact on the regional and international circles, and the revelation of the manifestations of strength that underlie Sinai's geographical location and historical role. The study also dealt with the natural, human and economic ingredients that the Sinai Peninsula played a major role in its impact, as well as the study of the political borders and problems of Sinai, the extent of its impact on the Palestinian and Israeli sides, and the status of the Sinai Peninsula. The most important results: It became clear through the study the importance of the geographical location of the Sinai Peninsula, and the natural and human constituents helped to reinforce this importance, in addition to the strategic depth that it enjoys, as well as the area of ​​the peninsula that is not commensurate with the population, which led to the resettlement of the population by a state Arab Egypt, to be its first line of defense. The study recommended the necessity of accelerating the comprehensive and sustainable development of the Sinai Peninsula, and investing economic resources.
Вплив мотиваційних факторів на результативність діяльності державних службовців
Authors: Литвинчук Оксана Валеріївна 
Published: May 2021

Стаття присвячена питанню мотивації державних службовців. Проведено ґрунтовний аналіз публікацій на цю тему, який засвідчив наявність значної кількості відповідних досліджень. Змістовно розглянуто актуальні проблеми мотивації держслужбовців у сучасних умовах. Визначено основні мотиви працівників та проаналізовано сутність мотивації праці, перелічено основні завдання мотивації. З урахуванням результатів діяльності людини мотивація може змінюватися, що зумовлює зміну поведінки під час виконання роботи. Для успішного керування поведінкою держслужбовця в процесі трудової діяльності важливо встановити, чому саме людина працює, що викликає бажання й потребу працювати. Старанність, наполегливість у досягненні цілей формуються тільки під впливом сильних мотиваційних чинників. Мотивація посилює бажану поведінку людини, тому розуміння внутрішніх механізмів мотивації – важлива складова ефективної політики професійних відносин у сфері публічного управління.
Розглянуто основні напрями матеріального й нематеріального мотивування державних службовців як фактору підвищення ефективної діяльності. Не зважаючи на те, що в сучасному українському суспільстві важливе значення приділяється матеріальному аспекту винагороди праці, проте нематеріальна мотивація є також значущою і важливою. Державний службовець має бути задоволеним тією роботою, яку він виконує, отримуючи відповідні результати й винагороди, ознайомлюючись із власними успіхами, отримуючи визнання за свою працю й чітко передбачуючи для себе подальші перспективи діяльності. У статті відображено теоретичні проблеми формування системи мотивації. Якщо працівники не мотивовані належним чином до високоефективної праці, це знижує загальний рівень діяльності установи та її конкурентоспроможність. Також проаналізовано сучасні методи мотивації держслужбовців та їх вплив на результати діяльності. У процесі наукового дослідження було використано для опрацювання матеріалів такі методи, як описовий та аналітичний, індукція та дедукція, аналіз, синтез, що надало можливість повно й системно дослідити вказану проблематику.
Концептуальні засади становлення та функціонування вертикально інтегрованих структур
Authors: Топило Вікторія Анатоліївна , Данилко Валерій Кирилович 
Published: May 2021

Стаття присвячена дослідженню концептуальних засад створення та функціонування вертикально інтегрованих структур у вітчизняній економіці. Незважаючи на значний науковий внесок авторів у дослідження цієї тематики, існує низка невирішених питань щодо виокремлення напрямів, форм, видів вертикальної інтеграції, які потребують додаткового вивчення та уточнення. Метою написання статті є дослідження концептуальних засад створення та функціонування вертикально інтегрованих структур, уточнення економічного змісту вертикальної інтеграції та розробка її класифікаційної моделі. На підставі проведення декомпозиційного аналізу уточнено поняття «вертикально інтегрована структура», під якою слід розуміти форму функціонування підприємницької структури, яка виникла шляхом об’єднання фінансових, виробничих, трудових ресурсів суб’єктів різноманітних організаційно-правових форм, що пов’язані технологічним циклом (процесом постачання, виробництва та реалізації продукції), з метою одержання максимального синергетичного ефекту та стратегічних конкурентних переваг. Розроблено класифікаційну модель вертикально інтегрованих структур, в межах якої виокремлено такі ознаки класифікації та групи вертикально інтегрованих структур: 1) за походженням капіталу (національні, іноземні, змішані); 2) за видами (картель, холдинг, трест; асоціація; синдикат; конгломерат); 3) за ступенем інтеграції (повна інтеграція з поділом на природну та інтеграцію шляхом злиття; квазіінтеграція з поділом на стратегічні союзи (альянси), спільні підприємства, володіння активами, перехресне володіння акціями; франчайзинг; довгострокові контракти); 4) за напрямами інтеграції (розвиток виробничих зв’язків; акумуляція фінансових ресурсів; реалізація інноваційно-інвестиційних проєктів; розвиток торговельного співробітництва). На відміну від існуючих класифікацій запропоновано нову ознаку: за рівнем контролю та підпорядкування – дозволяє виокремити вертикально інтегровані структури з надмірним контролем і структури зі слабким контролем, що відображає ступінь залежності підпорядкованих суб’єктів від управлінських рішень головної (материнської) компанії. Запропонована класифікація сприятиме уточненню теоретичних основ, покладених в основу дослідження вертикально інтегрованих структур, та є базою для вивчення їх особливостей залежно від вирізнених ознак.
Epidemiology of human West Nile virus infections in the European Union and European Union enlargement countries, 2010 to 2018
Authors: Young Johanna J , Haussig Joana M , Aberle Stephan W , Pervanidou Danai , Riccardo Flavia , Sekulić Nebojša , Bakonyi Tamás , Gossner Céline M 
Published: May 2021

Background
West Nile virus (WNV) circulates in an enzootic cycle involving mosquitoes and birds; humans are accidental hosts.

Aim
We analysed human WNV infections reported between 2010 and 2018 to the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control to better understand WNV epidemiology.

Methods
We describe probable and confirmed autochthonous human cases of WNV infection reported by European Union (EU) and EU enlargement countries. Cases with unknown clinical manifestation or with unknown place of infection at NUTS 3 or GAUL 1 level were excluded from analysis.

Results
From southern, eastern and western Europe, 3,849 WNV human infections and 379 deaths were reported. Most cases occurred between June and October. Two large outbreaks occurred, in 2010 (n = 391) and in 2018 (n = 1,993). The outbreak in 2018 was larger than in all previous years and the first cases were reported unusually early. The number of newly affected areas (n = 45) was higher in 2018 than in previous years suggesting wider spread of WNV.

Conclusion
Real-time surveillance of WNV infections is key to ensuring that clinicians and public health authorities receive early warning about the occurrence of cases and potential unusual seasonal patterns. Human cases may appear shortly after first detection of animal cases. Therefore, public health authorities should develop preparedness plans before the occurrence of human or animal WNV infections.
Cluster governance of School-university clusters
Authors: Collin Sven-Olof 
Published: May 2021

University-School clusters: Best practices and the prospects for their adaptation to Ukrainian context : the XVIII International Scientific and Practical Conference (14-th Febuary 2020, Kharkiv Univ. of Humanities “People’s Ukrainian Acad”.
The proceedings of the XVIII International Scientific and Practical Conference “University-School clusters: include a variety of articles on the issues of the formation of a cluster-based educational model and its role in the development of the educational space.Covered are the essence of university-school clusters, the conceptual framework for their evolvement, development, and functioning in todays context with special attention paid to the models of the university management under the cluster-based educational system as well as to the problems and prospects of interaction between the key stakeholders in cluster systems.
Smartphoneware of the country
Authors: Leonov V. 
Published: May 2021

Now in Ukraine it is necessary to introduce new philosophy of management. It should be administered at most from upstream, and at least from top down activities. It sounds a little absurdly, but that is how the management is organized in wildlife. We believe that with that management philosophy it is possible to reach the situation, when in the first place there will be the requirements of a common man, rather than oligarchs needs.
In biological systems the mechanisms of self-regulation, self-management and self-preservation have been generated for millions of years.These mechanisms are based on phenomena of a system of negative and positive feedbacks through upstream signals from cells to the brain. For human society an effective upstream management system can be direct democracy, when the people in the Territories by voting determine how to solve any particular problems of there local life. Referendums and face-to-face interviews with residents are the ways of introducing direct democracy.
In the society the formation of new delibarative and executive structures that would be confirmed by law is necessary for implementation of upstream governance mechanisms. The major purpose of new governing bodies should be the fulfillment of objectives for satisfaing the needs of common people. They could be informed above these needs in an electronic format through smartphones.
So basically, smartphones can became those nerve fibres that connect an individual with public authorities. The useful function of "smartphoneization" can be associated with the fact that with its help it is possible to bring into force the mechanism of direct democracy in Ukraine, and through it an upstream management system.
Studying by M. I. Kostomarov the initial stages of the Ukrainian people history and its influence on the formation of national consciousness
Authors: Yurchenko O. 
Published: May 2021

This work is devoted to the analysis of the outstanding domestic scientist and teacher N. I. Kostomarov contribution to the disclosure of the origins of the history of Ancient Russia and the initial stages of the formation of the ethno-national consciousness of its population. The scientific approaches of the scientist to the analysis of the emergence of statehood in the Old Kiev territory theories are considered. The scientific methods that scientists used to analyze this problem are shown, in particular, the analysis of the primary sources, the linguistic approach to the origin of geographical names and others were used. Particular attention is focused on fine-tuning by domestic scientists the lack of Normans influence on the public people’s life. The article emphasizes that the scientists' proof of the fallacy of the origin of Russia Norman theory contributed to the development of student interest in Slavic self-knowledge. The understanding of the contribution of N. I. Kostomarov to the question of dividing the Russian population by type of ethnic community and social organization is of considerable academic interest. It is emphasized that among the inhabitants of Kievan Rus, the scientist singled out the ancestors of modern Ukrainian and Russian, whose historical process and folk characteristics continued to receive a more expressive specificity over time. The conclusion is made about the existence and development of its own Slavic state beginning in the process of the formation of Kievan Rus. The practical importance is the identification of creating a nation in Old Kiev times factors in the work of N.I. Kostomarov. The formation of a territorial community, the unity of the country's population, the power structures of the then society, the development of popular democracy forms, the influence of local self-government on the formation of political unity is of significant. It is noted that the practical importance of studying the national experience combines both with the solution of modern problems of the country and the upbringing of the young generation political development.
The frequency of excessive bacterial growth and the effectiveness of its treatment in patients with irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Tkach S. M. , Dorofeev A. E. , Kuzenko Yu. G. 
Published: May 2021

Objective — to study the frequency of the syndrome of intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) and to establish the effects of its eradication on the clinical course of various subtypes of the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).
Materials and methods. The examinations in an open comparative randomized study involved 88 patients with IBS (35 men, 53 women) aged 26 to 56 years (mean age — 40 ± 14 years). The IBS diagnosis in all patients was established on the basis of Roma criteria IV. The IBS with diarrhea (IBS‑D) was established in the majority of patients (47 subjects, 53.4 %), a mixed subtype of IBS (IBS‑M) was revealed in 30 (34.1 %) patients, and IBS with constipation (IBS‑C) in 11 (12.5 %). The following IBS duration was defined: less than 5 years in 37 (42 %) of patients, 5 ‑ 10 years in 35 (39.8 %) subjects, more than 10 years in 16 (18.2 %) patients. The IBS course was mild in 30 (34.1 %) patients, mild to moderate in 45 (51.1 %) and severe disease was in 13 (14.8 %). The control group consisted of 30 clinically healthy people (18 women, 12 men, the mean age (33 ± 12) years). Diagnosis of SIBO was performed using the H2‑breath test with lactulose (H2‑LDT).
Results. The overall frequency of SIBO detection (positive H2‑LDT) in patients with IBS (73.9 %) significantly exceeded its frequency in the controls (6.6 %, p < 0.005). The frequency of SIBO was significantly higher in IBS‑D and IBS‑M (78.7 % and 73.3 %, respectively) compared to IBS‑C (54.3 %, p < 0.005). Also, SIBO frequency was significantly higher in women with a history of the disease up to 5 years, in most patients a moderate course of IBS‑D was observed. The SIBO eradication after treatment with rifaximin was achieved in 73.8 % of cases, and eradication frequency in IBS‑D patients (78.4 %) significantly exceeded this parameter in patients with IBS‑C (66.6 %). Moreover, it was established that rifaximin at a dose of 1600 mg/day for 14 days was slightly more effective (eradication in 76.6 % of cases) than rifaximin at a dose of 1200 mg/day (eradication in 71.4 % of cases, p = 0.63).
Conclusions. The results of the study indicate that SIBO is very often present in patients with IBS, and its elimination is accompanied by an increase in both clinical and anti‑relapse effects. Rifaximin is an effective agent for the eradication of SIBO, and increase of its dosage (from 1200 mg/day to 1600 mg/day) correlates with some increase in clinical and antibacterial efficacy. Clinical improvement and reduction of recurrence rates after eradication of SIBO suggests that the latter may play a pathogenetic role in IBS.
Etiopathogenetic aspects of formation of functional diseases of the gastrointestinal tract: an emphasis on changes of intestinal permeability
Authors: Zhuravlyova L. V. , Shekhovtsova Yu. O. 
Published: May 2021

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and functional dyspepsia (FD) are known to be among the most common digestive pathologies. In present paper, the literature data have been analyzed related to the study of intestinal permeability disorders as an etiopathogenetic factor in the development of functional gastrointestinal diseases. The intestinal mucosa is a barrier, performing many functions, and above all a protective function, which is to prevent the transition of intrinsic substances into the internal environment of the body. Recently, more and more scientific evidence has been accumulating that impaired permeability of the intestinal mucosa is an important factor in the development and progression of functional diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, in particular, IBS and FD. In these pathologies, the weakening of the barrier function of the intestinal mucosa is observed, which is the result of changes in the number of proteins of tight cell contacts, which affects the change in permeability, thus stimulating the transition of pathogenic factors from the intestinal lumen into the intestinal mucosa and causing activation of immunocompetent cells. In the pathogenesis of IBS the main place is given to the activation of mast cells in the mucosa of both small and large intestine, and in FD — to mast cells and eosinophils of the duodenal mucosa. Mast cells, which are cells of the immune system, in response to activation, produce certain inflammatory cytokines, the action of which is aimed at changing the sensitivity of nerve endings in the mucosa, causing the phenomenon of visceral hypersensitivity and changes in the tone and motor function of the gastrointestinal tract.Correction of the changes in intestinal permeability of the gastrointestinal mucosa at this stage of development of medical science is potentially one of the pathogenetic areas in the treatment of IBS and FD. Необходимо провести исследования эффективности препаратов, влияющих на функционирование кишечной стенки, относительно нормализации кишечной проницаемости при заболеваниях ЖКТ. Further researches are needed to study the efficacy of medications affecting the functions of intestinal wall, in regards intestinal permeability at gastrointestinal diseases.
Korelasi antara Motivasi Belajar Siswa dalam Pembelajaran Online dengan Hasil Belajar Matematika di Masa Pandemi
Authors: Nurwahid Mohammad 
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi rendahnya motivasi belajar siswa dalam pembelajaran daring hal ini selaras dengan hasil belajar siswa yang rendah juga. Olehkarena itu peneliti ingin mengetahui apakah ada korelasi antara motivasi belajar dengan hasil belajar matematika siswa dalam pembelajaran daring di masa pandemi. Penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode survey. Responden penelitian ini adalah siswa SMAN I Dukun sebanyak 68 siswa. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di bulan November tahun 2020. Instrumeen yang digunakan untuk mengukur motivasi belajar adalah kuesioner dalam bentuk google form, sedangkan data hasil belajar matematika diperoleh dari hasil ulangan yang diperoleh dari guru matematika. Selanjutnya data diuji normalitasnya untuk mengetahui apakah data tersebut berdistribusi normal atau tidak. Karena data yang diperoleh tidak berdistribusi normal maka untuk mengetahui apakah ada korelasi antara motivasi belajar dengan hasil belajar matematika digunakan uji spearman’s rho. Hasil dari uji spearman’s rho diperoleh taraf signifikansi yang artinya tidak ada korelasi yang signifikan antara motivasi belajar dengan hasil belajar matematika siswa. Sementara koefesien korelasinya diperoleh yang artinya derajat korelasinya sangat lemah dan arah hubungannya positif.
Comparing four standard Sleep Questionnaires to Polysomnography to predict possibility of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and its severity
Authors: Shrestha Sanjeet Krishna , Shrestha Sanjeev , Rajkarnikar Ruja , Malla Jonas , Rayamajhi Sulav , Bhattarai Sanjeet , Sharma Lucky , Bhusal Yuvaraj 
Published: May 2021

Background and Aims: Obstructed Sleep Apnea (OSA) is emerging as a significant problem in South East Asia with the rise of Obesity. Polysomnography (PSG) being expensive in Nepal, is usually deferred. The commonly used screening tools are cornerstone to evaluate clinical possibility and effects of OSA without having to rely on the PSG at the onset in Nepal. In this study, we proposed the use of four sleep related questionnaires separate as well as in combination to clinically predict OSA and its severity. And to do that we have compared these scores with Apnea Hypo-apnea Index (AHI) derived from the gold standard level one PSG.
Method This was a prospective randomized trial comparing level one polysomnography with individual scores from Epworth Sleepiness Score, STOP BANG score, Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index and Functional Outcome of Sleep Quality-10 and the composite sleep score derived from all the four.
Results 120 patients with clinical suspicion of OSA underwent PSG after filling all four questionnaires. The mean AHI of the study population was 37.65 ± 23.66. STOP BANG had the highest sensitivity for all three groups of AHI (≥5, ≥15 and ≥30), at 92.5%, 93.4%, and 95.2% respectively when compared with ESS, PSQI and FOSQ-10. PSQI showed negative correlation with AHI. The proposed composite score showed no correlation with AHI.
Conclusion STOP BANG score and AHI showed good correlation. STOP BANG score had the highest sensitivity for all levels of AHI. ESS showed good PPV and NPV to predict OSA. PSQI had the highest NPV to predict AHI. And FOSQ-10 had the highest specificity, good PPV and good NPV.