bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paying it Forward: How an Emerging Unconventional Play can Hit the Ground Running
Authors: Koperna George J , Murray Brett L , Riestenberg David E , Carpenter Steven M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
While every tight oil play is unique, there are lessons that can be transferred from one play to another to improve the efficiency and pace of production operations and development. These improvements may not fit precisely in every basin or play but generally hold to themes that can be tested against and built upon. Themes such as the quantity of proppant, longer lateral length, or the number of stages can be directly tied to increased productivity. However, there are diminishing returns on these investment activities for which each operator, within a given play, will be required to identify and mitigate against.
This is especially true as the industry steps in and begins developing new tight oil plays. In their nascent stages, these plays may have limited well penetrations and, as a result, limited geological and performance data from which to extrapolate. Pulling together an understanding of where the industry currently resides in terms of how to exploit these resources can provide a boost in terms of working towards greatly improved well completions.
In 2019, the US EIA estimated that nearly 8 million barrels of oil per day were produced from tight oil reservoirs in the United States (US EIA, 2020). This represents over 60% of the domestic crude production, originating from multiple reservoirs in the Permian Basin (TX) as well as the Bakken (MT, ND), Eagle Ford (TX), Niobrara (CO, WY), and Anadarko Basin (OK) formations, among others. As such, there are 1,000s of wells across these numerous tight oil plays that can relate an informative story. To build this story, the interplay of geology, well spacing, lateral length, and stimulation, all critical to economic success, will be explored.
This paper proposes to look back at these mature tight oil (and gas) basins and bring forth an understanding of what lessons can be applied to the emerging Powder River Basin tight oil reservoirs (Mowry and the Turner/Frontier). The authors will delve into the four broad topics of geology, well spacing, lateral length, and stimulation, highlighting case studies to demonstrate those lessons from established tight oil plays that will underpin planned activities at a Field Laboratory Test Site in the southern Powder River Basin.
A New Nonlinear Two-Point Flux Approximation Method for Solving the Anisotropic Diffusion Equation with Reduced Violations of the Discrete Maximum/Minimum Principle
Authors: Zhang Wenjuan , Al Kobaisi Mohammed 
Published: October 2021

Summary
A class of monotone cell-centered nonlinear finite-volume methods has been proposed in the past decade to solve the anisotropic diffusion equation. The nonlinear two-point flux approximation (TPFA) (NTPFA) method preserves the nonnegativity of the solution values but can violate the discrete maximum/minimum principle (DMP). To enforce DMP, the nonlinear multipoint flux approximation (NMPFA) method ought to be used. In this work, we propose a novel NTPFA method that can reduce the severity of DMP violations significantly compared with the standard NTPFA method. The new formulation uses conormal decomposition for the construction of the one-sided fluxes. To define the unique flux through a connection between two cells, we choose a convex combination of the two one-sided fluxes such that the absolute differences of the magnitudes of the two transmissibility terms associated with the two neighboring cells are minimized, thus bringing the discrete coefficient matrix closer to having the zero row-sum property. Numerical experiments are conducted to test the performance of the new NTPFA method. The results demonstrate that the new scheme has comparable convergence order for both the solution and the flux compared with the standard NTPFA method or the classical multi-point flux approximation (MPFA-O) method. Moreover, the new NTPFA formulation shows marked improvements over the standard NTPFA in terms of reducing DMP violations. However, depending on the specific problem configuration, our new NTPFA formulation can lead to a system of nonlinear equations that is more difficult to solve.
Estuarine Gradients Dictate Spatiotemporal Variations of Microbiome Networks in the Chesapeake Bay
Authors: Wang Hualong , Chen Feng , Zhang Chuanlun , Wang Min , Kan Jinjun 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Annually reoccurring microbial populations with strong spatial and temporal variations have been identified in estuarine environments, especially in those with long residence time such as the Chesapeake Bay (CB). However, it is unclear how microbial taxa cooccurrence with each other and how the inter-taxa networks respond to the strong environmental gradients in the estuaries. Results: Here, we constructed co-occurrence networks on prokaryotic microbial communities in the CB, which included seasonal samples from seven spatial stations along the salinity gradients for three consecutive years. Our results showed that spatiotemporal variations of planktonic microbiomes promoted differentiations of the characteristics and stability of prokaryotic microbial networks in the CB estuary. Prokaryotic microbial networks exhibited a clear seasonal pattern where microbes were more closely connected during warm season compared to the associations during cold season. In addition, microbial networks were more stable in the lower Bay (ocean side) than those in the upper Bay (freshwater side). Multivariate regression tree (MRT) analysis and piecewise structural equation modeling (SEM) indicated that temperature, salinity and total suspended substances along with nutrient availability, particulate carbon and Chl a, affected the distribution and co-occurrence of microbial groups, such as Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria, Planctomycetes, Proteobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia. Interestingly, compared to the abundant groups (such as SAR11, Saprospiraceae and Actinomarinaceae), the rare taxa including OM60(NOR5) clade (Gammaproteobacteria), Micrococcales (Actinobacteria), and NS11-12 marine group (Bacteroidetes) contributed greatly to the stability of microbial co-occurrence in the Bay. Modularity and cluster structures of microbial networks varied spatiotemporally, which provided valuable insights into the ‘small world’ (a group of more interconnected species), network stability, and habitat partitioning/preferences.Conclusion: Our results shed light on how estuarine gradients alter the spatiotemporal variations of prokaryotic microbial networks in the estuarine ecosystem, as well as their adaptability to environmental disturbances and co-occurrence network complexity and stability.
Teriparatide Administration By The Omnipod Pump: A Self-Managed Therapeutic Option for Refractory Hypoparathyroidism
Authors: Aouchiche Karine , Reynaud Rachel , Amodru Vincent , Brue Thierry , Cuny Thomas 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Context

: Hypoparathyroidism (hypoPTH) in adults is mainly due to total thyroidectomy. Conventional therapies (calcium, active vitamin D) can fail to normalize calcemia, expose the patient to hypercalciuria and impact quality-of-life. Human parathormone (hPTH) replacement therapy is a suitable option in these cases, although few clinical reports have been published so far.
Methods

we describe two cases of refractory postsurgical hypoPTH for which subcutaneous infusion of recombinant parathormone (teriparatide) through the Omnipod® pump was started after failure of all other therapeutic options. Besides, we performed a review of literature of hypoPTH cases treated by continuous infusion of teriparatide.
Results

two women aged 46 and 61yo failed to normalize calcemia either with conventional treatments (calcium 8g/d + calcitriol 9µg/d and calcium 5g/d + calcitriol 12µg/d) or with thrice-daily subcutaneous injections of teriparatide. As a last resort, teriparatide infusion via Omnipod® device normalized their calcemia and allowed calcium/vitamin D withdrawal, with average teriparatide dose of 23 and 32 µg/day, respectively. Notably, a dedicated protocol currently allow each patient to be autonomous with its pump without adverse dyscalcemia until now. In the literature, 15 adult cases (13 women, mean age 44.5 ± 5.2 yo) are reported. HypoPTH was consecutive to surgery in all of them. Mean dose of teriparatide administered was 25 ± 6 µg/d with improvement of calcemia level and quality-of-life in all patients.
Conclusion

Continuous administration of teriparatide through Omnipod® is a safe and efficient therapeutic option in refractory hypoPTH, which can, furthermore, be safely self-managed by the patient.
ACE2/ANG-(1-7)/Mas Receptor Axis Activation Prevents Inflammation, Glial Activation And Cognitive Decline In a Rat Model of STZ Induced Impairment of Learning and Memory
Authors: Tiwari Virendra , Singh Jitendra , Tiwari Priya , Chaturvedi Swati , Gupta Shivangi , Mishra Akanksha , Singh Sonu , Wahajuddin Muhammad , Hanif Kashif , Shukla Shubha 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), mediated by Angiotensin converting enzyme/Angiotensin II/Angiotensin receptor-1 (ACE/Ang II/AT1 R) axis elicits amyloid pathology, induces neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment leading to Alzheimer's disease (AD). On the contrary, Angiotensin converting enzyme2 (ACE2) produces Ang -(1-7) which binds with the Mas receptor and counters ACE/Ang II/AT1 axis. To date, the involvement of ACE2/Ang-(1–7)/MasR axis in etiology and progression of AD largely remains to be elucidated. Hence, the present study is aimed to determine the role of ACE2/Ang-(1–7)/MasR axis in STZ induced model of neurodegeneration using Diminazene aceturate (DIZE), an ACE2 activator in both in vitro/in vivo experimental conditions. Interestingly, ROS content and oxidative stress burden in N2A cells were found to be attenuated along with a decrease in enzymatic activity of AChE following DIZE treatment. In contrast, activation of this axis led to altered mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in addition to ablated intracellular Ca2+ influx. ACE2/Ang-(1–7)/MasR axis activation further resulted in reduction of astrogliosis as indicated by decreased intensity of NFκB and dwindled expression of its downstream NLRP3 cascade signaling molecules. These results were confirmed by using a selective inhibitor of ACE-2, MLN-4760, which reversed the protective effects of ACE2 activation by DIZE. Subsequently, treatment with DIZE in STZ induced rat model of AD prevented cognitive impairment and progression of amyloid pathology. Therefore, the involvement of ACE2/Ang-(1–7)/Mas axis suggests that it could be further explored as a potential pathway in AD, owing to its inhibitory effect on inflammation/astrogliosis and restoring cognitive functions.
Impact of a Clinical Pharmacist in a Neurology Clinic Treating Patients with Myasthenia Gravis and Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Bejjani Andrea , Hwang Stephanie , Fudzie Seyram , Iyer Stephanie 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Myasthenia gravis (MG) and multiple sclerosis (MS) are treated with complex pharmacological agents. Pharmacists play a vital role by optimizing care, providing medication counseling, and assisting with medication access. Currently, there are no published studies assessing the impact of a clinical pharmacist on MG management and limited studies evaluating impact in MS.Aim: The objective is to evaluate the impact of a clinical pharmacist in interdisciplinary MG and MS clinics by identifying pharmacist-led direct and indirect services. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted of MG or MS patients who had a clinical pharmacist visit between December 1, 2019 and August 31, 2020 to identify pharmacist interventions. Clinic-based pharmacist reports were used to identify indirect services provided by the pharmacist.Results: A total of 137 encounters were analyzed. For direct patient care, the most common intervention was evaluating monitoring parameters of the medications, which occurred at 129 encounters (94.2%). Within these encounters, an average of 2.79 parameters were evaluated. Other common interventions included evaluating laboratory findings (77.4%), identifying medication discrepancies (77.4%), and providing medication counseling (76.6%). Regarding indirect patient care, a total of 1280 services were identified. The most common service was telephone encounters, with a total of 598 encounters over 9 months.Conclusion: A clinical pharmacist improved the quality of care in the MS and MG management through direct and indirect services when integrated into a neurology clinic. This supports the role of pharmacists in specialty clinics by showing their impact on quality of care and medication management.
Predictive Supervised Learning Model for Classification of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Roobini M.S , Lakshmi M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
There is a tremendous increase in severe cases of type 2 diabetes in the day today's life. Therefore, proper assessment of the disease is critical to saving society. Many prediction models help identify type 2 diabetes. At the same time, every model varies based on the performance measures. Various kinds of algorithms such as Decision Tree, Logistic Regression, KNN, Random Forest algorithm are applied to identify type 2 diabetes. At this juncture, used the implementation of type 2 Classification by AdaBoost algorithms, an ensemble approach. Here, the proposed methodology of the paper is to implement an ensemble approach of machine learning to receive a better efficiency compared to other existing algorithms for the classification of type 2 diabetes. When compared to all different algorithms, this ensemble approach shows an efficiency of 83%. The accuracy is calculated based on various performance measures.
Effect of Graphene additives on the structure and the optical parameters of the pure sodium borate glass
Authors: Gomaa Hosam Mohamed , Saudi H. A. , Yahia I.S. , Zahran H.Y. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This work has been performed to knowledge the effect of insertion of pure graphene which is an organic two-dimensional material throughout the structural matrix of the pure sodium borate glass according to the chemical formula; 1mol. [Na2B4O7. 10H2O] + x g Graphene, where 0 ≤ x ≤ 3g. A set of four solid samples have been prepared using the fast cooling method from their melts at 1000±20oC. The prepared solids have been characterized using the XRD technique, which indicates the amorphous nature of all four samples, as well as showing an increase in the count rate as the content of graphene increases. FTIR spectral analysis clarified that the increase in the graphene content caused an increase in BO4 concentration with respect to BO3, as well as an amount of graphene that has been oxidized was shared as glass network formers. The measured values of both bulk density and the microhardness showed a slight increase as the graphene content increased. Optical measurement showed an increase in the optical absorbance, direct bandgap, indirect bandgap, and optical bandage. Also, the values of optoelectronic parameters increased when the graphene content increased, to be larger than that of the pure ZnO, and CO-ZnO which make the studied glass to be good candidates for nonlinear optical applications. Both the metallization factor and Urbach's energy showed that the crystallinity degree increased when the content of graphene increased.
Psychological Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic: Lockdown Induced Anxiety and Its Impact on Sleep Quality in Adults Between 18-50 Years of Age
Authors: Kasat Radhika , Walimbe Vaibhavi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUND:- COVID 19 pandemic is the global health emergency and most critical health calamity of the century4.The COVID-19 belongs to the family of virus that causes illness such as common cold to severe infection causing Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV and severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (SARS)CoV1. RESULTS:- 30 questions were asked combining of 5 components of which 4 were demographic questions and 1 willingness to participate. Total 196 subjects were chosen randomly between the age group of 18 years to 50 years from all over the Maharashtra. The subjects were both male and female. CONCLUSION :- In Our study the total sample size was 196. Population was significantly affected in all the components. Out of 196, 49% population was affected in sleep quality, and 57 % population was affected in anxiety.
Impact of nasogastric decompression on gastric tube size after McKeown minimally invasive esophagectomy: A retrospective controlled cohort study
Authors: Jiang Duo , Liu Xian-Ben , Xing Wen-Qun , Chen Pei-Nan , Feng Shao-Kang , Liu Jun-Xiao , Sun Hai-Bo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose: This retrospective study evaluated the impact of nasogastric decompression (NGD) on gastric tube size to optimize the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery protocol after McKeown minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE). Methods: Overall, 640 patients were divided into two groups according to nasogastric tube (NGT) placement intraoperatively. Using propensity score matching, 203 pairs of individuals were identified for gastric tube size comparisons on postoperative days (PODs) 1 and 5. Results: Gastric tubes were larger in the non-NGD group than the NGD group on POD 1 (vertical distance from the right edge of the gastric tube to the right edge of the thoracic vertebra, 22.2 [0–34.7] vs. 0 [0–22.5] mm, p <0.001). No difference was noted between the groups on POD 5 (18.5 [0–31.7] vs. 18.0 [0–25.4] mm, p =0.070). Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that non-NGD was an independent risk factor for gastric tube distention on POD 1. No difference in the incidence of complications (Clavien–Dindo（CD）≥2) (40 (23.0%) vs. 46 (19,8%), p =0.440), pneumonia (CD≥2) (29 [16.8%] vs. 30 [12.9%], p =0.280) or anastomotic leakage (CD≥3) (3 [1.7%] vs. 6 [2.6%], p =0.738) were noted between the without gastric tube distention group and with gastric tube distention group. Conclusion: Intraoperative NGT placement reduces gastric tube distention rates after McKeown MIE on POD 1, but the complications are similar to those of unconventional NGT placement. This finding is based on NGT placement or replacement at the appropriate time postoperatively through bedside chest X-ray examination.
Improvement In Colorectal Cancer Outcomes Over Time is Limited To Patients With Left-Sided Disease
Authors: Rumpold Holger , Hackl Monika , Petzer Andreas , Wolf Dominik 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC) declined over the last decades. However, survival depends on the primary tumor location. It is unknown if all progress in outcomes vary depending on left-sided (LCRC) versus right sided (RCC) colorectal cancer. We compare incidence and mortality rates over time according to the primary tumor location. Methods: Data from the Austrian National Cancer Registry spanning from 1983 to 2018 were used to calculate annual incidence and mortality rates and survival stratified by primary tumor localization and stage. Joinpoint regression with linear regression models were used on different subgroups to identify significant changes of incidence- and mortality slopes.Results: A total of 168,260 (incidence-data set) and 87,355 cases (mortality data-set) were identified. Survival of disseminated RCC was worse compared to LCRC (HR 1.14; CI 1.106 – 1.169). Total and LCRC incidence- and mortality-rates declined steadily over time, whereas the rates of RCC did not. Incidence of disseminated RCC declined significantly less (slope -0.07; CI -0.086; -0.055) than in LCRC (slope -0.159; CI -0.183; -0.136); mortality rate of RCC was unchanged over time. Incidence and mortality of localized RCC remained unchanged over time, whereas both rates declined independently of stage in LCRC. Conclusion: Colorectal cancer outcomes during the last 35 years have preferentially improved in LCRC but not in RCC, indicating that the progress made is limited to LCRC. It is necessary to define RCC as a distinct form of CRC and to focus on specific strategies for its early detection and treatment.
Aortic Hypoplasia in Young Adult Patients with Sudden Intrinsic Cardiopulmonary Arrest: An Observational Study
Authors: Bando Misaki , Yoshioka Yuki , Akagawa Yoko 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: The leading cause of sudden cardiac death in adults over 40 is ischemic heart disease due to vascular atherosclerosis. In contrast, sudden cardiac death in adults younger than 40 (young adults) may be caused by aortic hypoplasia (AH). To date, few detailed studies of AH exist. This study evaluated AH patients in our hospital for sudden cardiopulmonary arrest in young adults. Methods: We selected young adult patients who transferred to our center with cardiopulmonary arrest status between April 2010 and March 2020. Their cause of death was supposed to be cardiac or unknown. In the chart review, sex, age, rate of computed tomography (CT) being performed, and outcome were described. For patients with CT being performed, we assessed the diameters of the aortic root, ascending, descending and abdominal aorta, and right femoral artery.Results: There were 1268 cardiopulmonary arrest cases during the study period. Thirteen young adults died of intrinsic diseases, such as sudden cardiac death or unknown cause of death. Twelve patients underwent CT scans, and eight (61.5%) had AH.Conclusions: For a decade, 61.5% of young adults who died of intrinsic diseases had AH. Further studies should be conducted to reveal AH’s clinical significance in young adults.
Towards an Effective Collaboration Between South Western Sydney Local Health District and Local Councils: Insights from the Qualitative Study
Authors: Kovai Vilas , Mahjabeen Zeenat , Jalaludin Bin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background

Urban planning is of fundamental use in promoting a healthy urban environment, prompting increased collaboration between public health and local government planning authorities. A major challenge to the success of this co-operation, however, is the difficulty of ensuring that the views of the health sector are, ultimately, reflected in planning policy. To facilitate this, a qualitative study was designed by Population Health, South Western Sydney Local Health District (SWSLHD) in 2016.
Objective

The aim of the study was to understand and help improving the effectiveness of collaboration between local governments and public health sector.
Methods

Qualitative data was collected from 14 in-depth interviews with staff representing five local councils: Bankstown, Camden, Liverpool, Campbelltown, and Fairfield. The data was thematically analysed using inductive and deductive reasoning by applying NVivo software.
Results

While councils recognise the potential value of consultation (and partnership) with SWSLHD, the fact is that the status quo is one of limited communication and the absence of any clearly defined process for collaboration. Councils perceive knowledge gaps in relation to basic issues such as who provides what services to whom and how to access services from health experts related to evidence based local government level data.
Implications:

The study demonstrated that a shift in provision of public health evidence that has local applicability in a timely manner on issues of mutual concern, and proactive and ongoing consultations between SWSLHD and councils would enable effective engagement, coordinated and sustained actions. As the concerns raised in this study about the need for practical information on effective interventions and impact of social determinants of health echo the findings from studies that were conducted in other local government settings of Victoria, South Australia and New South Wales, the study findings may be applied to other councils beyond the SWSLHD.