bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Major oscillations in spontaneous home-cage activity in C57BL/6 mice housed under constant conditions
Authors: Pernold Karin , Rullman Eric , Ulfhake Brun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe mouse is the most important mammalian model in life science research and the behavior of the mouse is a key read-out of experimental interventions and genetic manipulations. To serve this purpose a solid understanding of the mouse normal behavior is a prerequisite. Using 14–19 months of cumulative 24/7 home-cage activity recorded with a non-intrusive technique, evidence is here provided for a highly significant circannual oscillation in spontaneous activity (1–2 SD of the mean, on average 65% higher during peak of highs than lows; P = 7E−50) of male and female C57BL/6 mice held under constant conditions. The periodicity of this hitherto not recognized oscillation is in the range of 2–4 months (average estimate was 97 days across cohorts of cages). It off-sets responses to environmental stimuli and co-varies with the feeding behavior but does not significantly alter the preference for being active during the dark hours. The absence of coordination of this rhythmicity between cages with mice or seasons of the year suggest that the oscillation of physical activity is generated by a free-running intrinsic oscillator devoid of external timer. Due to the magnitude of this rhythmic variation it may be a serious confounder in experiments on mice if left unrecognized.
A 3D taphonomic model of long bone modification by lions in medium-sized ungulate carcasses
Authors: Domínguez-Rodrigo Manuel , Gidna Agness , Baquedano Enrique , Cobo-Sánchez Lucía , Mora Rocio , Courtenay Lloyd A. , Gonzalez-Aguilera Diego , Mate-Gonzalez Miguel A. , Prieto-Herráez Diego 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHere, we present the first three-dimensional taphonomic analysis of a carnivore-modified assemblage at the anatomical scale of the appendicular skeleton. A sample of ten carcasses composed of two taxa (zebra and wildebeest) consumed by wild lions in the Tarangire National Park (Tanzania) has been used to determine element-specific lion damage patterns. This study presents a novel software for the 3D spatial documentation of bone surface modifications at the anatomical level. Combined with spatial statistics, the present analysis has been able to conclude that despite variable degrees of competition during carcass consumption, lions generate bilateral patterning consisting of substantial damage of proximal ends of stylopodials and zeugopodials, moderate damage of the distal ends of femora and marginal damage of distal ends of humeri and zeugopodials. Of special interest is, specifically, the patterning of tooth marks on shafts according to element, since these are crucial to determine not only the type of carnivore involved in any given bone assemblage, but also the interaction with other agents (namely, hominins, in the past). Lions leave few tooth marks on mid-shaft sections, mostly concentrated on certain sections and orientations of stylopodials and, to a lesser extent, of the proximal tibia. Redundant occurrence of tooth marks on certain bone sections renders them as crucial to attest lion agency in carcass initial consumption. Indirectly, this can also be used to determine whether hominins ever acquired carcasses at lion kills.
Ultrafast carbon nanotubes growth on recycled carbon fibers and their evaluation on interfacial shear strength in reinforced composites
Authors: Salas A. , Medina C. , Vial J. T. , Flores P. , Canales C. , Tuninetti V. , Jaramillo A. F. , Meléndrez M. F. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe global demand for products manufactured with carbon fibers (CFs) has increased in recent years; however, the waste generated at the end of the product lifetime has also increased. In this research, the impact of the addition of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the interlaminated resistance of recycled carbon fibers (RCFs) was studied. In this work, a recycling process of the composite material was applied via thermolysis to obtain the CFs, followed by the growth of CNTs on their surface using the Poptube technique. The recycling temperature were 500 °C and 700 °C; and ferrocene and polypyrrole were used to grow CNTs on CFs surface. CNTs were verified by Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Finally, to determine the interlaminar resistance, a double cantilever beam (DCB) test was performed. The results indicate that with Poptube technique, CNTs can be grown on RCFs using both impregnations. Thermolysis recycling process at 500 °C allowed CFs without resin residues and without visible damage. The DCB tests showed a decrease in the fracture resistance in mode I loading of 34.9% for the polypyrrole samples and 29.3% for the ferrocene samples compared with the virgin carbon fibers (VCFs) samples with a resistance of 1052.5 J/m2.
Preparation and application of a thidiazuron·diuron ultra-low-volume spray suitable for plant protection unmanned aerial vehicles
Authors: Liu Qin , Wei Kun , Yang Liyun , Xu Weiming , Xue Wei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSpraying of defoliant can promote centralized defoliation of cotton and advance maturity to facilitate harvesting. Modern pesticide application equipment includes plant protection unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), which are used widely for spraying defoliants. However, commonly used defoliant formulations are mainly suspension concentrates and water-dispersible granules, which need to be diluted with water when used. These are not suitable for plant protection UAVs with limited load capacity, especially in arid areas such as Xinjiang, China. Therefore, we prepared a thidiazuron·diuron ultra-low-volume (ULV) spray, which can be used directly without dilution in water. We found that ULV sprays had better wettability than the commercially available suspension concentrate, could quickly wet cotton leaves and spread fully. The volatilization rate was lower. ULV sprays also showed better atomization performance and more uniform droplet distribution than the commercially available suspension concentrate. At a dosage of 4.50–9.00 L/ha, the coverage rate on cotton leaves was 0.85–4.15% and droplet deposition densities were 15.63–42.57 pcs/cm2; defoliation rate and spitting rate were also greater than those of the reference product. This study could be contributed to the development of special pesticide formulations suitable for UAVs.
Polymorphic variants in Sweet and Umami taste receptor genes and birthweight
Authors: Farinella Riccardo , Erbi Ilaria , Bedini Alice , Donato Sara , Gentiluomo Manuel , Angelucci Claudia , Lupetti Antonella , Cuttano Armando , Moscuzza Francesca , Tuoni Cristina , Rizzato Cosmeri , Ciantelli Massimiliano , Campa Daniele 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe first thousand days of life from conception have a significant impact on the health status with short, and long-term effects. Among several anthropometric and maternal lifestyle parameters birth weight plays a crucial role on the growth and neurological development of infants. Recent genome wide association studies (GWAS) have demonstrated a robust foetal and maternal genetic background of birth weight, however only a small proportion of the genetic hereditability has been already identified. Considering the extensive number of phenotypes on which they are involved, we focused on identifying the possible effect of genetic variants belonging to taste receptor genes and birthweight. In the human genome there are two taste receptors family the bitter receptors (TAS2Rs) and the sweet and umami receptors (TAS1Rs). In particular sweet perception is due to a heterodimeric receptor encoded by the TAS1R2 and the TAS1R3 gene, while the umami taste receptor is encoded by the TAS1R1 and the TAS1R3 genes. We observed that carriers of the T allele of the TAS1R1-rs4908932 SNPs showed an increase in birthweight compared to GG homozygotes Coeff: 87.40 (35.13–139.68) p-value = 0.001. The association remained significant after correction for multiple testing. TAS1R1-rs4908932 is a potentially functional SNP and is in linkage disequilibrium with another polymorphism that has been associated with BMI in adults showing the importance of this variant from the early stages of conception through all the adult life.
The food web in a subterranean ecosystem is driven by intraguild predation
Authors: Parimuchová Andrea , Dušátková Lenka Petráková , Kováč Ľubomír , Macháčková Táňa , Slabý Ondřej , Pekár Stano 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTrophic interactions of cave arthropods have been understudied. We used molecular methods (NGS) to decipher the food web in the subterranean ecosystem of the Ardovská Cave (Western Carpathians, Slovakia). We collected five arthropod predators of the speciesParasitus loricatus(gamasid mites),Eukoenenia spelaea(palpigrades),Quedius mesomelinus(beetles), andPorrhomma profundumandCentromerus cavernarum(both spiders) and prey belonging to several orders. Various arthropod orders were exploited as prey, and trophic interactions differed among the predators. Linear models were used to compare absolute and relative prey body sizes among the predators.Quediusexploited relatively small prey, whileEukoeneniaandParasitusfed on relatively large prey. Exploitation of eggs or cadavers is discussed. In contrast to previous studies,Eukoeneniawas found to be carnivorous. A high proportion of intraguild predation was found in all predators. Intraspecific consumption (most likely cannibalism) was detected only in mites and beetles. Using Pianka’s index, the highest trophic niche overlaps were found betweenPorrhommaandParasitusand betweenCentromerusandEukoenenia, while the lowest niche overlap was found betweenParasitusandQuedius. Contrary to what we expected, the high availability of Diptera and Isopoda as a potential prey in the studied system was not corroborated. Our work demonstrates that intraguild diet plays an important role in predators occupying subterranean ecosystems.
Stabilization of p18 by deubiquitylase CYLD is pivotal for cell cycle progression and viral replication
Authors: Li Yueshuo , Shi Feng , Hu Jianmin , Xie Longlong , Zhao Lin , Tang Min , Luo Xiangjian , Ye Mao , Zheng Hui , Zhou Min , Liu Na , Bode Ann M. , Fan Jia , Zhou Jian , Gao Qiang , Qiu Shuangjian , Wu Weizhong , Zhang Xin , Liao Weihua , Cao Ya 
Published: March 2021

Abstractp18 is a key negative regulator of cell cycle progression and mediates cell cycle arrest at the G1/S phase. Ubiquitination is the prime mechanism in regulating p18 protein abundance. However, so far no post- translational regulator, especially DUBs, has been identified to regulate the protein stability of p18. In this paper, we identified CYLD as a deubiquitinase of p18, which binds to and removes the K48-linked polyubiquitylation chains conjugated onto p18, thus stabilizing the p18 protein. Loss of CYLD causes the degradation of p18 and induces the G1/S transition. Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), is the human oncovirus etiologically linked to nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Here we found that EBV drives a replication passive environment by deregulating the CYLD-p18 axis. Functionally, CYLD inhibits cell proliferation and tumorigenesis through p18 in vivo. Restoring CYLD prevents EBV induced viral replication and tumor growth. Collectively, our results identify CYLD directly stabilizes p18 to regulate the cellular G1/S transition. The reconstitution of CYLD-p18 axis could be a promising approach for EBV-positive cancer therapy.
Structural variant detection in cancer genomes: computational challenges and perspectives for precision oncology
Authors: van Belzen Ianthe A. E. M. , Schönhuth Alexander , Kemmeren Patrick , Hehir-Kwa Jayne Y. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCancer is generally characterized by acquired genomic aberrations in a broad spectrum of types and sizes, ranging from single nucleotide variants to structural variants (SVs). At least 30% of cancers have a known pathogenic SV used in diagnosis or treatment stratification. However, research into the role of SVs in cancer has been limited due to difficulties in detection. Biological and computational challenges confound SV detection in cancer samples, including intratumor heterogeneity, polyploidy, and distinguishing tumor-specific SVs from germline and somatic variants present in healthy cells. Classification of tumor-specific SVs is challenging due to inconsistencies in detected breakpoints, derived variant types and biological complexity of some rearrangements. Full-spectrum SV detection with high recall and precision requires integration of multiple algorithms and sequencing technologies to rescue variants that are difficult to resolve through individual methods. Here, we explore current strategies for integrating SV callsets and to enable the use of tumor-specific SVs in precision oncology.
Enhanced BP decoding schemes of polar codes
Authors: Zhang Si‐yu , Shahrrava Behnam 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this paper, two decoding schemes for polar codes based on the belief propagation (BP) algorithm are proposed. The basic idea of the proposed schemes, called “interleaved BP” (I‐BP) and “multiple‐candidates BP” (M‐BP), is to construct multiple candidates with different reliability values from the received signal and to decode each candidate by a BP decoder. Then, the output of the BP decoder that meets the stopping criterion or the maximum likelihood (ML) rule is chosen as the decoded data. Simulation results show that both the proposed polar decoders outperform the one based only on a single conventional BP decoder. In conjunction with each of the proposed schemes, a feedback structure is also proposed to achieve more performance gain. The proposed feedback structure takes as input the output of each BP decoder, and enhances the a posteriori information of reliable bits and flips unreliable bits. Then, the processed information is fed back into its corresponding decoder. Simulation results show that the performance gain of the proposed schemes with this feedback, compared to the ones without the feedback, may be as large as 1 dB at a frame‐error rate on frequency selective channels and 2 dB at a frame‐error rate of 0.07 on doubly selective channels.
Aktueller Stand der Mammasonografie
Authors: Riffel Julia 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungBeim Screening und in der kurativen Therapie des Mammakarzinoms ist die Mammografie die Bildgebung der Wahl. Der Brustultraschall ist jedoch ein weiterer Baustein in der Brustbildgebung und wesentlich, um z. B. Befunde aus der digitalen Mammografie oder der dynamischen MRT zu bewerten, eine Läsion als gut- oder bösartig zu klassifizieren oder verdächtige Läsionen zu biopsieren.
KI-gestützte Selbstvermessung der Psyche: Philosophisch-ethische Implikationen
Authors: Friedrich Orsolya , Seifert Johanna , Schleidgen Sebastian 
Published: March 2021

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Zunehmend werden KI-basierte Anwendungen entwickelt, die Nutzende dabei unterstützen sollen, ihre Emotionen, Überzeugungen und Verhaltensmuster digital zu erfassen, zu verwalten und zu verändern. Solche Formen der Selbstvermessung im Bereich der menschlichen Psyche können vielfältige medizinische Vorteile in Diagnostik, Prävention und Therapie haben. Dieser Beitrag geht der Frage nach, welche philosophisch-ethischen Herausforderungen gegenüber diesen Vorteilen abgewogen werden sollten.
Methode Zunächst werden einige KI-basierte Anwendungen zur Selbstvermessung psychischer Eigenschaften und Prozesse skizziert. Im Anschluss werden relevante philosophisch-ethische Implikationen aufgezeigt.
Ergebnisse Folgende Aspekte erweisen sich als normativ relevant: Verbesserung versus Verminderung von Selbstbestimmungsfähigkeit; Verbesserung der Selbstkenntnis versus Entfremdung; positive versus negative Aspekte eigenverantwortlicher Gesundheitsfürsorge; epistemische Herausforderungen von KI-Anwendungen; Schwierigkeiten von konzeptionellen und normativen Festlegungen in den Anwendungen.
Regionale Differenzen in der Diabetesprävalenz – Bestimmt der Wohnort das Diabetesrisiko?
Authors: Landgraf Rüdiger , Neubauer Günter , Erik Henriksen Hans , Niedermeier Christina , Wolfenstetter Katharina 
Published: March 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGLaut International Diabetes Federation (IDF) lag die Zahl der Personen mit Diabetes im Jahr 2019 weltweit bei ca. 463 Millionen. Für den enormen Anstieg des Typ-2-Diabetes ist nicht nur die längere Lebenserwartung der Bevölkerung, sondern auch ein effektiveres Screening und insbesondere der „moderne“ Lebensstil („toxische“ Ernährungsumgebung, körperliche Inaktivität, ungesunde Urbanisierung, stressbeladene Arbeitsplätze) verantwortlich. Unterschiede in der Diabetesprävalenz lassen sich international, national, aber auch regional und lokal feststellen. Zudem besteht ein deutliches Stadt-Land-Gefälle, wobei zukünftig die Diabetesprävalenz insbesondere in den Megastädten weiter dramatisch zunehmen wird. Der Wohnort als Bezugseinheit gibt die Verhältnisse und sozioökonomischen Rahmenbedingungen einer Person wieder. Um diese Sachlage in München zu untersuchen, wurde eine Studie zur wissenschaftlichen Erfassung der Diabetessituation in Wohngebieten und Wohnorten Münchens durchgeführt, die mit ausgewählten sozioökonomischen Wohnortbedingungen in Verbindung gesetzt wurde. Soziodemografische Faktoren, die mit der Prävalenz des Typ-2-Diabetes assoziiert werden, sind: Alter zwischen 65–79 Jahre, Menschen über 80 Jahre, Arbeitslosigkeit bei Personen zwischen 55–65 Jahre, Sozialhilfeempfänger, niedrige Einkommenssteuer und nicht-verheiratete Paare. Als Beispiel für das Verhalten in Gesundheitsfragen kann das Körpergewicht/Übergewicht betrachtet werden, das ein wichtiger Risikofaktor für die Manifestation und Progression eines Typ-2-Diabetes ist. Übergewicht bei Kindern kann mit der Diabetesprävalenz der Erwachsenen korreliert werden. Die Diabetesprävalenz zeigte in München deutliche innerstädtische Unterschiede. Dies bietet große Möglichkeiten in den Diabetes-Hotspots Münchens nicht nur allgemeine Betreuungs- und Versorgungsdefizite zu adressieren, sondern auch gezielte Kampagnen zur Primär- und Sekundärprävention zu initiieren. Die dänische Hauptstadt Kopenhagen hat sich in den letzten Jahren zu einer Vorzeigestadt für urbanes Leben entwickelt und zeigt im internationalen Vergleich eine relativ geringe Diabetesprävalenz von 5,1 %. Projektionsmodelle für das Jahr 2040 weisen für die Stadt Kopenhagen auf einen deutlichen Anstieg der Prävalenz auf 6,7 % hin. Aufgrund dessen entstand eine auf 10 Jahre angelegte Gesundheitsstrategie (2015–2025) mit dem Titel „Enjoy life, Copenhageners!“, die nicht ausschließlich auf Gesundheit, sondern vor allem auf Lebensqualität und einen gerechten Zugang zu dieser abzielt.
Pediatric Stomach and Duodenal Imaging
Authors: SK Pritviraj , Kandasamy Devasenathipathy , Jana Manisha , Sharma Raju , Gupta Arun Kumar 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPediatric stomach and duodenum abnormalities constitute a unique spectrum of conditions unlike adults which are categorized broadly into congenital, inflammatory, neoplastic and miscellaneous conditions. The aim of this article is to describe the role of imaging modalities in gastric and duodenal pathology in children. Some of the entities are unique to this age group and their imaging findings are also highlighted.
Evolution of the brass microstructure during rolling in relief and smooth rolls
Authors: Naizabekov A B , Lezhnev S N , Volokitina I E , Panin E A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
One of the most promising technologies for rolling thick-sheet metal, during which shear deformations are realized both in the longitudinal and transverse directions, is rolling in rolls with a relief surface in the form of annular channels that form trapezoidal protrusions and depressions that alternate one after another along the entire length of the barrel. At the same time, a relief with an unequal ratio of the protrusion to the depression is applied to the rolls. In this case, the gap between the rolls in all directions retains the value of the distance between the rolls, i.e. when deforming in these rolls, only the net shear scheme is implemented. This method of applying a relief surface to the rolls allows to save metal, reduce the required deformation force and labor and energy costs due to the reduced number of metal passes through the working stands. During the micro structure study of brass blanks rolled on existing and proposed technologies it was revealed that the original grain after the traditional deformation process is reduced from 22 µm to 9 µm, and after the proposed technology it is reduced from 22 µm to 3 µm.
Methodology for estimating appropriate work parameters of motor vehicle and tractor maintenance and troubleshooting stations in farms of Kostanay Region Kazakhstan
Authors: Bondareva G I , Toigonbaev S K , Evgrafov V A , Didmanidze O N 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a methodology for estimating an optimal zone of motor vehicle and tractor maintenance as well as an approach to calculate total discounted costs for maintenance and troubleshooting of motor vehicles and tractors in a production department. The proposed methodology allows substantiating an appropriate use of company motor vehicles and tractors for implementing mechanized operations in crop farming.
Methodology for substantiating optimal location of oil storage, supply and transportation facilities in agricultural and industrial companies of Kostanay Region, Kazakhstan
Authors: Bondareva G I , Toigonbaev S K , Didmanidze O N 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article proposes a methodology for substantiating an optimal location of oil storage facilities in agricultural and industrial companies, for estimating a consumption of fuel and greases, a placement of reserves and their operational distribution in the company. This approach allows reducing costs on providing consumers with petroleum products and saving fuel and oil when operating motor vehicles and tractors.
Tool for assessing the quality of electricity from renewable energy sources
Authors: Belitsyn I V , Khomutov S O , Shendrik A V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The article deals with the problem of quality control of electrical energy. A method for increasing the accuracy of measurements at the software level is considered in detail, using the example of a Hall sensor. Determination of the Hall sensor hardware function is based on the assumption of a stationary current density distribution. It is shown that the hardware function of the sensor has a characteristic maximum, which must be taken into account when determining the quality indicators of electrical energy in electrical networks. The results of modeling the potential distribution in the Hall sensor are presented. The influence of the geometric linear dimensions of the sensor on the instrumental function is analyzed.