bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution of calcite microcrystal morphology during experimental dissolution
Authors: Hashim Mohammed S. , Kaczmarek Stephen E. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTPhanerozoic limestones are composed of low-Mg calcite microcrystals (i.e., micrite) that typically measure between 1 and 9 μm in diameter. These microcrystals, which host most of the microporosity in subsurface reservoirs, are characterized by a variety of microtextures. Despite the overwhelming consensus that calcite microcrystals are diagenetic, the origin of the various textures is widely debated. The most commonly reported texture is characterized by polyhedral and rounded calcite microcrystals, which are interpreted to form via partial dissolution of rhombic microcrystals during burial diagenesis. A proposed implication of this model is that dissolution during burial is responsible for significant porosity generation. This claim has been previously criticized based on mass-balance considerations and geochemical constrains. To explicitly test the dissolution model, a series of laboratory experiments were conducted whereby various types of calcites composed of rhombic and polyhedral microcrystals were partially dissolved under a constant degree of undersaturation, both near and far-from-equilibrium.Our results indicate that calcite crystals dissolved under far-from-equilibrium conditions develop rounded edges and corners, inter-crystal gulfs (narrow grooves or channels between adjacent crystals), and a few etch pits on crystal faces—observations consistent with the burial-dissolution hypothesis. Crystals dissolved under near-equilibrium conditions, in contrast, retain sharp edges and corners and develop ledges and pits—suggesting that dissolution occurs more selectively at high-energy sites. These observations support the longstanding understanding that far-from-equilibrium dissolution is transport-controlled, and near-equilibrium dissolution is surface-controlled. Our results also show that while the rhombic calcite crystals may develop rounded edges and corners when dissolved under far-from-equilibrium conditions the crystals themselves do not become spherical. By contrast, polyhedral crystals not only develop rounded edges and corners when dissolved under far-from-equilibrium conditions but become nearly spherical with continued dissolution. Collectively, these observations suggest that rounded calcite microcrystals more likely form from a precursor exhibiting an equant polyhedral texture, rather than from a euhedral rhombic precursor as previously proposed. Lastly, the observation that calcite crystals developed rounded edges and corners and inter-crystal gulfs after only 5% dissolution indicates that the presence of such features in natural limestones need not imply that significant porosity generation has occurred.
Estimating remaining carbon budgets using temperature responses informed by CMIP6
Authors: Rypdal Martin , Boers Niklas , Fredriksen Hege-Beate , Eiselt Kai-Uwe , Johansen Andreas , Martinsen Andreas , Mentzoni Endre Falck , Graversen Rune , Rypdal Kristoffer 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A remaining carbon budget (RCB) estimates how much CO2 we can emit and still reach a specific temperature target. The RCB concept is attractive since it easily communicates to the public and policymakers, but RCBs are also subject to uncertainties. The expected warming levels for a given carbon budget has a wide uncertainty range, which increases with less ambitious targets, i.e., with higher CO2 emissions and temperatures. Leading causes of RCB uncertainty are the future non-CO2 emissions, Earth system feedbacks, and the spread in the climate sensitivity among climate models. The latter is investigated in this paper, using a simple carbon cycle model and emulators of the temperature responses of the Earth System Models in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) ensemble. It is shown that the transient climate response to cumulative emissions of carbon (TCRE) is approximately proportional to the transient climate response (TCR), suggesting that observational constraints imposed on climate sensitivity in the model ensemble can reduce uncertainty in RCB estimates.
Simultaneous Perception of Prosthetic and Natural Vision in AMD Patients
Authors: Palanker Daniel , Mer Yannick Le , Mohand-Said Saddek , Sahel José-Alain 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Loss of photoreceptors in atrophic age-related macular degeneration (AMD) results in severe visual impairment. Since the low-resolution peripheral vision is retained in such conditions, restoration of central vision should not jeopardize the surrounding healthy retina and allow for simultaneous use of the natural and prosthetic sight. We report the first clinical results with a photovoltaic substitute of photoreceptors providing simultaneous use of the central prosthetic and peripheral natural vision in atrophic AMD. Four patients with geographic atrophy have been implanted subretinally with a wireless 2x2mm-wide 30 µm-thick device, having 378 pixels of 100 µm in size. They demonstrated Landolt acuity of 1.17 ± 0.13 pixels, corresponding to the Snellen range of 20/460–20/565. With electronic magnification of up to a factor of 8, patients demonstrated acuity in the range of 20/63 − 20/98. Under room lighting conditions, patients could simultaneously use prosthetic central vision and their remaining peripheral vision in the implanted eye and in the fellow eye.
WITHDRAWN: Use of antioxidants supplementation on developmental outcomes in children with Down Syndrome - a systematic review and meta-analyses
Authors: Jafri Sidra Kaleem , Iqbal Atiya , Alam Anusha , Frei Julia , Lassi Zohra 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
AIM

To evaluate the published literature on the use of antioxidants in improving developmental outcomes in DS children

METHODS

The systematic review included interventional studies (randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs (q-RCTs)) on children between the ages of 0 to 18 years diagnosed with DS and used antioxidants for improving developmental outcomes, and compered with similar children given placebo or no supplementation. Aim was to have a true randomized population for intervention, thus RCTs and quasi- RCTs were included. Studies were excluded if those were non-randomized controlled studies (including observational studies, systematic and narrative review articles, editorials and commentaries) with no random allocation and no comparison group. We also excluded studies if data from participants with DS was included as part of a larger group of participants (e.g. children with intellectual disability) and could not be separated for subgroup analysis, and studies that did not assess developmental domains and only assessed biochemical markers. The review included children with other conditions associated with developmental disability, only when data for children with DS were separately reported.

RESULTS

Eleven RCTs and q-RCTs fulfilled the eligibility criteria with 683 participants with Down syndrome, with age range of newborns to 17 years of age. Eight studies did not show any statistically significant clinical benefit of using antioxidants. A meta-analysis was applied to compare changes in the effect sizes (post and pre-intervention) in GDQ between the intervention and control groups. The forest plot including the three studies doesn’t demonstrate a statistically significant improvement.

INTERPRETATION

This review concludes that the use of antioxidants does not improve the developmental outcomes in pediatric population with DS.
Family-centered approach to monitoring children’s development in a paediatric outpatient setting: feasibility study from Pakistan
Authors: Rasheed Muneera A. , Mughis Waliyah , Elahi Kinza N , Hasan Babar S. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: The purpose of the study was to design and test the feasibility of a recent guideline of family-centered psychosocial support as an approach to developmental monitoring in a pediatric outpatient setting.Methods: The patient experience team at a private tertiary care hospital leveraged an on-going patient and family-centric initiative in the service to implement the intervention. The intervention delivery model was designed using the theory of change model and entailed the following i) the service providers: paediatricians but with support from psychology trainee volunteers to address time constraints; ii) monitoring form: Survey of Well-Being of Young Children (SWYC) being feasible and designed for regular developmental monitoring as parent report; iii) family support intervention: the Care for Child Development module to enhance parent-child interactions given team’s successful experience with inpatient children; iv) timing: utilize wait time to also enhance families’ experience and v) reinforcement: reinforced by the paediatrician in the consultation visit to capitalize on the established rapport and relationship with families. All families with children under 5 years 5 months of age in selected clinics (acute care, complex care, developmental issues) were eligible. The study was evaluated for acceptability and implementation feasibility. Families were interviewed about their experience; trainees provided a written narrative while physicians provided feedback on email. These were thematically analyzed using an inductive approach.Results: A total 182 families were administered the SWYC with 54% children detected for further review on cognitive milestones and 76% on social-emotional milestones. Forty-eight families were interviewed regarding their experience with the intervention. They reported the monitoring process to be useful and important for them as parents indicating acceptability. Paediatricians and trainees found the intervention to be important for parents and children’s health also requesting further understanding about child’s functioning. The trainees further expressed the experience to be significant for their own learning.Conclusion: The authors conclude that the intervention model for a family-centric approach to monitoring was acceptable to the families and the service providers. The intervention when implemented using a robust behaviour change framework can enhance feasibility.
Selective cadmium fluorescence probe based on bis-heterocyclic molecule and its imaging in cells
Authors: Hagimori Masayori , Karimine Yasushi , Mizuyama Naoko , Hara Fumiko , Fujino Takeshi , Saji Hideo , Mukai Takahiro 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Fluorescence probes that selectively image cadmium are useful for detecting and tracking the amount of Cd2+ in cells and tissues. In this study, we designed and synthesized a novel Cd2+ fluorescence probe based on the pyridine-pyrimidine structure, 4-(methylsulfanyl)-6-(pyridin-2-yl)pyrimidin-2-amine (3), as a low-molecular-weight fluorescence probe for Cd2+. Compound 3 could successfully discriminate between Cd2+ and Zn2+ and exhibited a highly selective turn-on response toward Cd2+ over biologically related metal ions. The dissociation constant and detection limit of 5.4 x 10− 6 mol L− 1 and 4.4 × 10− 7 mol L− 1, respectively, were calculated using fluorescence titration experiments. Studies with closely related analogs showed that the bis-heterocyclic moiety of 3 acted as both a coordination site for Cd2+ and a fluorophore. Further, the methylsulfanyl group of compound 3 is essential for achieving selective and sensitive Cd2+ detection. Fluorescence microscopy studies using living cells revealed that the cell membrane permeability of compound 3 is sufficient to detect intracellular Cd2+. These results indicate that novel bis-heterocyclic molecule 3 has considerable potential as a fluorescence probe for Cd2+ in biological applications.
Inpatient Use of Metformin and Acarbose Is Associated with Reduced Mortality of COVID-19 Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Li Jinghong , Wei Qi , McCowen Karen , Xiong Wei , Liu Jiao , Jiang Wenlijun , Thomas Robert , Hepokoski Mark , He Ming , Shyy John , Malhotra Atul , Xiong Nian , Li Willis 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a strong risk factor for complications of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The effect of T2DM medications on COVID-19 outcomes remains unclear. In a retrospective analysis of a cohort of 131 patients with T2DM hospitalized for COVID-19 in Wuhan, we have previously found that metformin use prior to hospitalization is associated with reduced mortality. Here we continue to investigate the effects of inpatient use of T2DM medications, including metformin, acarbose, insulin, and sulfonylureas, on the mortality of COVID-19 patients with T2DM during hospitalization. We found that patients using metformin and acarbose, alone or both together, after admission were significantly more likely to survive than those who did not use either metformin or acarbose. Thus, our analyses suggest that inpatient use of metformin and acarbose together or alone during hospitalization should be studied in randomized trials.
Volumetric Comparative Analysis of Anatomy Through Far-Lateral Approach: Surgical Space and Exposed Tissues
Authors: Tang Ke , Feng Xu , Yuan Xiaodong , Li Yang , Chen Xinyue 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objective
The three-dimensional (3D) visualization model has ability to quantify the surgical anatomy of far-lateral approach. This study was designed to disclose the relationship between surgical space and exposed tissues in the far-lateral approach by the volumetric analysis of 3D model.
Methods
The 3D skull base modelswere constructed using MRI and CT data of 15 patients (30 sides) with trigeminal neuralgia. Surgical corridorsof the far-lateral approach was simulated by triangular pyramids to represent two surgical spaces exposing bony and neurovascular tissues. Volumetric comparison of surgical anatomy was performed using pair t test.
Results
The morphometric results were almost the same in the two surgical spaces except the vagus nerve (CN X) exposed only in one corridor. Whereas, the volumetric comparison represented the statistical significant differences of surgical space, and bony and neurovascular tissues involved in the two corridors (P༜0.001). The differences of bony and neurovascular tissuesfailed to equal the difference of surgical space.
Conclusions
For far-laterl approach, the increase of exposure for the bony and neurovascular tissues is not necessarilymatched with the increase of surgical space. The volumetric comparative analysis is helpful to provide more detailed anatomical information in the surgical design.
tDCS&nbsp;Randomized Controlled Trials in No-structural Diseases:&nbsp;A Quantitative Review
Authors: Gianni Eugenia , Bertoli Massimo , Simonelli Ilaria , Paulon Luca , Pasqualetti Patrizio , Tecchio Franca 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The increasing number and quality of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) employing transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) denote the rising awareness of neuroscientific community about its electroceutical potential and opening to include these treatments in the framework of medical therapies under the indications of the international authorities.The purpose of this quantitative review is to estimate the recommendation strength applying the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) criteria and PICO (population, intervention, comparison, outcome) model values for effective tDCS treatments on no-structural diseases, and to provide an estimate of Sham effect for future RCTs. Applying GRADE evaluation pathway, we searched in literature the tDCS-based RCTs in psychophysical diseases displaying a major involvement of brain electrical activity unbalances. Three independent authors agreed on Class 1 RCTs (18 studies) and meta-analyses were carried out using a random-effects model for pathologies sub-selected based on PICO and systemic involvement criteria. The meta-analysis integrated with extensive evidence of negligible side effects and low-cost, easy-to-use procedures, indicated that tDCS treatments for depression and fatigue in MS ranked between moderately and highly recommendable. For these interventions we reported the PICO variables, with left vs. right dorsolateral prefrontal target for 30 min/10 days against depression and bilateral somatosensory vs occipital target for 15min/5 days against MS fatigue.An across-diseases meta-analysis devoted to the Sham effect provided references for power analysis in future tDCS RCTs on these clinical conditions.High-quality indications support tDCS as a promising tool to build electroceutical treatments against diseases involving neurodynamics alterations.
Value of Intraoperative Monitoring of the Trigeminal Nerve in Detection of a Superiorly Displaced Facial Nerve During Surgery for Large Vestibular Schwannomas
Authors: Ashram Yasmine A. , Zohdy Youssef M. , Rayan Tarek A. , Badr-El-Dine Mohamed M.K. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
ObjectiveTo investigate the role of trigeminal and facial nerve monitoring in the early identification of a superiorly displaced facial nerve.Patients and MethodsThis prospective study included 24 patients operated for removal of large vestibular schwannomas (VS). Electromyographic (EMG) events recorded after mapping the superior surface of the tumor were evaluated by analyzing the latencies of the responses from the masseter and facial nerve innervated muscles.ResultsThe latency of the recorded compound muscle action potential (CMAP) from the masseter muscle was 3.6 ±0.5 msec, and of the simultaneously recorded volume conducted responses from the frontalis, o.oculi, nasalis, o.oris and mentalis muscles were 4.6 ±0.9, 4.1 ±0.7, 3.9 ±0.4, 4.3 ±0.8 and 4.5 ±0.6 msec respectively after trigeminal nerve stimulation in 24 (100%) patients. In 6 (25%) patients, the mean latency of CMAP on the masseter was 3.6 ±0.5 msec, and the latencies of the CMAP from the frontalis, nasalis, o.oris and mentalis muscles were longer than those of the volume conduced responses (p=0.002; p=0.001; p< 0.001; and p=0.015 respectively) indicating stimulation of both nerves (trigemino-facial EMG response). All patients with this response were later confirmed anatomically to have an AS displaced facial nerve. ConclusionUnderstanding the trigemino-facial EMG response is of value in identifying an AS displaced facial nerve; in preventing electrophysiological confusion between the trigeminal and the facial nerves; and in detecting the presence of volume conducted contributions in the measured facial nerve CMAP at the end of surgery.
Virulence Factors, Antibiotic Resistance patterns, and Molecular Types of Clinical Isolates of Klebsiella Pneumoniae
Authors: Ahmadi Mitra , Behzadi Payam , Ranjbar Reza 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background

Klebsiella pneumoniae is armed with a wide range of antibiotic resistance mechanisms which mostly challenges effective treatment. Due to this fact, the aims of the current study were to identify the clinical strains of K . pneumoniae as well as to determine their phenotypes and molecular characterization related to antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes.

Methods

In this investigation, specimens from a hospital and different laboratories located in Shahr-e-Qods, Tehran, Iran were collected during a period of nine-month (December 2018 to August 2019). The isolated strains of K. pneumoniae were then identified through standard microbial and biochemical assays. Additionally, disk diffusion, combined disk, modified Hodge test and PCR were performed for antibiotic resistance of the strains and virulence genes profiling, respectively. The molecular typing was accomplished by ERIC-PCR.

Results

Eighty-four isolates of K. pneumoniae were identified and subjected to the study. Fifty- two percent of the isolated strains of K. pneumoniae were detected as multidrug resistant (MDR) pathotypes with the highest resistance to ceftriaxone (65%) and the lowest resistance to colistin (23%). Twenty-seven (52%) out of 52 (100%) MDR pathotypes of isolated K. pneumoniae were identified as ESBL producers. According to Modified Hodge Test (MHT) results, out of 24 resistant strains of isolated K. pneumoniae to imipenem and meropenem, 15 pathotypes (62.5%) were detected as KPC producers. The gene of blaCTX (encoding carbapenemase) with 96% ranked first, while the blaKPC gene with the prevalence of 71% ranked second among ESBL producers. The aminoglycoside resistance gene of Aac6-Ib showed the highest frequency with the prevalence percentage of 90%. The virulence genes of mrkD (94%) and magA (11%) were the highest and lowest among isolates, respectively. According to ERIC-PCR results the isolated strains of K. pneumoniae were divided into four clusters in which the cluster 4 was predominant group.

Conclusions

The high prevalence of antibiotic resistance and virulence genes in conjunction with a significant relationship between the strains reveals a high pathogenic capacity of the isolated pathotypes of K. pneumoniae . These findings emphasize the choose of more effective antibiotic regimens for treatment of infections caused by K. pneumoniae.

Keywords: Klebsiella pneumoniae , antibiotic resistance, ESBL, virulence genes, molecular typing.
Association of high adherence to vegetables-and-fruits dietary pattern with quality of life among Chinese women with early stage breast cancer
Authors: Lei Yuan-Yuan , Ho Suzanne C. , Kwok Carol , Cheng Ashley , Cheung Ka Li , Lee Roselle , Mo Frankie , Yeo Winnie 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Dietary intake and patients’ quality of life (QoL) are important supportive care issues in breast cancer survivorship. This study aimed to identify dietary pattern after breast cancer diagnosis. In addition, the association between dietary patterns and QoL were cross-sectionally investigated.Methods: A breast cancer cohort which included 1462 Chinese women were longitudinally interviewed at four time-points, namely baseline, 18-, 36-, and 60-months after diagnosis. At each follow-up, validated food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) were used to assess patients’ dietary intake, and principal component analysis was used to derive dietary patterns. European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) were used to measure QoL. This study included 1226 patients with invasive disease who completed assessment at 18-month follow-up and had detailed data of dietary intake and QoL. Results: Two major dietary patterns were identified: “grain and animal food pattern” and “vegetables and fruits pattern”. Multivariable linear regression analysis indicated that grain and animal food intake was inversely associated with score for fatigue (P = 0.010) and dyspnea (P = 0.024). Vegetables and fruits intake were positively associated with scores for global health status/QoL (P = 0.002), while inversely associated with score for loss of appetite (P = 0.040) and diarrhea (P = 0.009). Conclusion: This study suggested that high adherence to a vegetables and fruits pattern might have beneficial effect on QoL among Chinese breast cancer patients. Prospective follow-up data could further confirm whether a specific dietary pattern has impact on cancer outcomes.