bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accurate Sea Surface heights from Sentinel-3A and Jason-3 retrackers by incorporating High-Resolution Marine Geoid and Hydrodynamic Models
Authors: Mostafavi M. , Delpeche-Ellmann N. , Ellmann A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
One of the major challenges of satellite altimetry (SA) is to produce accurate sea surface heights data up to the shoreline, especially in geomorphologically complex sea areas. New advanced re-tracking methods are expected to deliver better results. This study examines the achievable accuracy of Sentinel-3A (S3A) and Jason-3 (JA3) standard retrackers (Ocean and MLE4) with that of improved retrackers adapted for coastal and sea ice conditions (ALES+ SAR for S3A and ALES+ for JA3). The validation of SA data was performed by the integration of tide gauges, hydrodynamic model and high-resolution geoid model. The geoid being a key component that links the vertical reference datum of the SA with other utilized sources. The method is tested in the eastern section of Baltic Sea. The results indicate that on average reliable sea surface height (SSH) data can be obtained 2–3 km from the coastline for S3A (for both Ocean and ALES+SAR) whilst an average distance of 7–10 km for JA3 (MLE4 and ALES+) with a minimum distance of 3–4 km. In terms of accuracy, the RMSE (with respect to a corrected hydrodynamic model) of S3A ALES+ SAR and Ocean retrackers based SSH were 4–5 cm respectively, whereas with the JA3 ALES+ and MLE4 associated SSH RMSE of 6–7 cm can be achieved. The ALES+ and ALES+ SAR retrackers show SSH improvement within a range of 0.5–1 cm compared to the standard retrackers. This assessment showed that the adaptation of localized retrackers for the Baltic Sea (ALES+ and ALES+SAR) produced more valid observation closer to the coast than the standard retrackers and also improved the accuracy of SSH data.
Human epididymis protein 4 and fetal lung maturity
Authors: Koca Hande Esra , Bostancı Durmus Arzu , Yarcı Gursoy Aslı , Candar Tuba , Tokgöz Çakır Betül , Karahan Sevilay , Kucukozkan Tuncay , Caglar Gamze Sinem 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To document the maternal and fetal cord blood levels of human epididymis protein 4 (HE-4) in term and preterm newborns in order to investigate the possible physiological role of HE-4 in fetal lung development.

Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted in a university-affiliated hospital between April 2018 and September 2018. The study population consisted of cesarean section (C-section) deliveries after 24 weeks of pregnancy. Both maternal and umbilical cord HE-4 levels (mHE-4 and uHE-4, respectively) were measured using chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay. Amniotic fluid was sampled from each case to determine the lamellar body count (LBC) as the gold standard test for lung maturation. All the parameters, including the uHE-4 levels, were compared between the term delivery (≥37 weeks) (n=52) and preterm delivery (24–37th weeks) (n=30) groups. The best cut-off value of uHE-4 was calculated for fetal lung maturity.

Results
There were no statistically significant differences between the groups regarding the demographic data. The mHE-4 levels did not statistically significantly differ between the groups (p>0.05) whereas the uHE-4 level of the preterm newborns was significantly higher than that of the term newborns (p<0.05). There was a significant negative association between the uHE-4 level and LBC (r=−0.389; p<0.001). The uHE-4 level was the only statistically significant fetal parameter indicating fetal lung maturity confirmed by LBC. At a cut-off value of 281 pmol/L, uHE-4 had 96.8% sensitivity, 45% specificity, 84.5% positive predictive value, and 81.8% negative predictive value for fetal lung maturity.

Conclusions
Although the exact physiological role of HE-4 has not yet been elucidated, this preliminary study supports the idea that HE-4 plays a role in fetal lung maturation to some extent.
The distribution of American mink (Neovison vison) in Greece
Authors: Galanaki Antonia , Kominos Theodoros 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The distribution of the American mink in the wild, originating either from accidental escapes or intentional releases from fur farms, was mapped for the first time in Greece, based on opportunistic data collected from 2010 to 2020. Greece is a key actor in Europe’s fur industry, with most mink farms operating in the northwest. Massive intentional releases by activists took place in the late 2000s, while accidental escapes regularly occur. Most mink were recorded in the Region of Western Macedonia, in NW Greece, within and around the core areas of fur farms, where feral populations became established. Animals were also found further south in the Regions of Thessaly (central Greece) and Central Macedonia (northern Greece). Half of mink records were close to protected areas and almost two-thirds near to watercourses. Many animals were away from the water and on high altitudes, with theoretically less favourable conditions for their survival. We also examine possible directions of further mink range expansion in Greece and neighbouring countries through the river network. Mink invasion progress in Greece is little known, thus, the subject is in urgent need of study, as mink is the alien mammal with the highest impact on the European native fauna.
Singular matrices that are products of two idempotents or products of two nilpotents
Authors: Călugăreanu Grigore 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Over commutative domains we characterize the singular 2 × 2 matrices which are products of two idempotents or products of two nilpotents. The relevant casees are the matrices with zero second row and the singular matrices with only nonzero entries.
Molecular Deficits Relevant to Concussion Are Prevalent in Top-Ranked Football Players Entering the National Football League Draft
Authors: Kunces Laura J. , Keenan John , Schmidt Caleb M. , Schmidt Michael A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Kunces, LJ, Keenan, J, Schmidt, CM, and Schmidt, MA. Molecular deficits relevant to concussion are prevalent in top-ranked football players entering the National Football League draft. J Strength Cond Res 35(11): 3139–3144, 2021—Characterization of blood variants in athletes entering the highly competitive contact environment of professional football can help us understand the risk for brain injury. When coupled with longitudinal follow-up of future concussion incidence and trajectory, it may provide additional insight into factors that influence brain injury. We observed the metabolic phenotype of collegiate football players entering the 2016 National Football League (NFL) draft. The principal aims were to characterize the molecular status of individual athletes and quantify the prevalence of athletes with multiple concurrent molecular deficits. Blood was taken from 30 elite American collegiate football players 7 weeks before the NFL scouting combine and 15 weeks before entering the NFL draft. Average results revealed suboptimal values in Omega-3 Index (avg ± std, 4.66 ± 1.16%), arachidonic acid:eicosapentaenoic acid fatty acid ratio (29.13 ± 10.78), homocysteine (11.4 ± 3.4 µmol·L−1), vitamin D (30 ± 11.4 ng·ml−1), and red blood cell magnesium (4.1 ± 0.8 mg·dl−1). Using sport-optimized reference ranges from previously published research, 10% presented with 3, 40% presented with 4, and 50% of athletes presented with 5 suboptimal values at once. We conclude molecular deficits in this cohort entering the NFL draft were common, with a significant number of athletes presenting with multiple suboptimal levels. The significant commonality of the suboptimal biomarkers is relevance to brain health and function. This data warrant extensive metabolic phenotyping and consideration of prophylactic precision nutrition countermeasures by the multidisciplinary staff for athletes entering contact environments.
Phase-Specific Verbal Cue Effects on Countermovement Jump Performance
Authors: Krzyszkowski John , Chowning Luke D. , Harry John R. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Krzyszkowski, J, Chowning, LD, and Harry, JR. Phase-Specific Verbal Cue Effects on Countermovement Jump Performance. J Strength Cond Res 36(12): 3352–3358, 2022—The aim of this study was to determine whether countermovement vertical jump (CMVJ) phase–specific cues can improve jump performance and phase-specific force-time characteristics. Twenty-nine subjects (14 males and 15 females) performed 15 total CMVJ trials (5 per condition) while being provided with a control and phase-specific (unloading phase and eccentric braking phases) foci of attention. Jump height, reactive strength index–modified, countermovement depth, time-to-takeoff, and CMVJ subphase force-time characteristics were compared between each phase-specific verbal cues and the control condition using paired samples t-tests (α = 0.05) and Cohen's d effect sizes (d; large >1.2). Female (d = 0.242; p = 0.012) and male (d = 1.96; p = 0.047) subjects achieved greater jump heights in the control condition compared with the unloading phase condition. Females demonstrated a faster unloading phase, less unloading force, greater unloading yank, and greater braking force during the unloading condition, as well as greater eccentric braking force during the eccentric braking condition compared with the control condition (p ≤ 0.014; d ≥ 0.242). Males exhibited less body mass unloading, greater unloading yank, faster eccentric braking time, greater eccentric braking force, and greater eccentric braking yank for both the unloading and eccentric braking conditions compared with the control condition (p ≤ 0.047; d ≥ 0.196). Collectively, these results suggest that phase-specific foci of attention do not acutely improve jump performance but can enhance phase-specific force-time characteristics in recreationally active individuals. Specifically, practitioners should consider using an eccentric braking phase instruction for individuals need to improve eccentric braking force generation.
Performance of Cellular Concrete under Low-Velocity Impact and Penetration
Authors: Mendonca Flavia , Hu Jiong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Cellular concrete, also known as foamed concrete, has been widely used in different geotechnical and nonstructural applications owing to a unique geometric nature that results in low density and high flowability and its low construction cost. The behavior of cellular concrete under impact or penetration has also drawn attention in applications such as engineered material arrestor systems, emergency escape ramps, and crash barriers. The high void content inside cellular concrete allows it to undertake large deformation, which could lead to high energy absorption. However, there is still a lack of fundamental understanding of the energy absorption of the material and response of the material under impact or penetration. This paper carries out an investigation of the response of cellular concrete subjected to low-velocity impact and penetration. Cellular concretes with different foaming agents and with fibers were prepared and evaluated. Experimental results demonstrated the superior ability of cellular concrete in absorbing and dissipating impact and penetration energies compared with conventional concrete. The paper shows that through steadily deforming the internal void structure, cellular concrete can diminish the reaction force caused by a collision and dissipate penetration energy. Results of the study can help to better understand the mechanism of energy absorption of cellular concrete so as to better tailor it for different applications.
Global bioethical challenges of medicalising psychedelics
Authors: Miceli McMillan Riccardo 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy is an emerging psychiatric treatment that is attracting significant scientific, medical, and public attention. Whilst preliminary results from empirical studies are promising, the medical use of these compounds is highly controversial. Surprisingly, and despite the current controversies caused by the re-medicalisation of psychedelics, bioethicists have remained mysteriously silent. This paper aims to stimulate further bioethical reflection regarding the re-medicalisation of psychedelics. The current paper aims to do this by applying a normative phenomenological lens of analysis. Namely, this paper applies Martin Heidegger's critique of modern technology, and Fredrik Svenaeus' extension of this critique, to the re-medicalisation of psychedelics. I argue that when this critique of modern technology is applied several normative issues become apparent. Specifically, it becomes apparent that the re-medicalisation of psychedelics risks turning the ecological sources, cultural contexts, and experiences induced by psychedelics into resources to be exploited for human goals; all of which risks endangering ecosystems, appropriating traditional knowledge, and reducing the therapeutic effects of psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy. Furthermore, I suggest that preserving non-reductionist, non-instrumentalising traditional ways of understanding psychedelic compounds is essential in mitigating these consequences. More discussion by bioethicists is necessary as these consequences represent important global challenges for the psychedelic renaissance that require immediate addressing.
Features of the process of hot extrusion of blanks of the rotor blades of a GTE compressor
Authors: Kachan O. , Ulanov S. 
Published: September 2021

Purpose. Improving the quality of manufacturing of blanks for compressor rotor blades by hot extrusion.
Research methods and equipment. The research was carried out using a crank press with a force of 1000 kN, in split dies in accordance with a serial technological process.
The dies were heated up to 150 ... 200 °С, to improve the work when extruding the blanks of the rotor blades made from the titanium alloy ВT8.
The thickness of the copper coating was measured with an ИTMП-3 magnetic induction device with an error of ± 2 μm.
X-ray spectral microanalysis was performed on an ISM-6360ALA scanning microscope.
The billets were heated in an MП-2В furnace.
Results. It has been established that the quality of blade blanks made of ВT8 titanium alloy obtained by hot extrusion is influenced by the state of the copper coating, which is preliminarily applied to the surface of the original blank.
When the initial blanks are heated, copper is oxidized and in the temperature range of 250…700 °С the oxidation rate proceeds according to a linear pattern, and after 700…750 °С – according to a parabolic pattern.
Oxidation of the copper coating occurs unevenly not only within one workpiece, but also within the batch, which leads to a decrease in durability and deterioration of the surface quality of the blade workpieces obtained by hot extrusion.
Research carried out by X-ray spectral microanalysis of the copper coating revealed the presence of aluminum oxides of varying degrees of dispersion.
The source of this material in the copper coating is caricature of corundum used in blowing into the surface of the billet, which is the reason for the appearance of scoring on the blade blank.
It was also found that longitudinal marks on the blade are a consequence of the appearance of a matrix of tubercles (sagging) on the working surface of the die, caused by the adhesion of the deformable material of the blade to the base metal of the tool.
Scientific novelty. The regularity of the influence of the heating temperature of the initial blank of the blade on the oxidation rate of the copper coating has been established. The mechanism of the influence of the oxidation of the copper coating and the adhesion of contacting materials during hot extrusion on the surface condition of the resulting blanks is disclosed.
Practical value. The results obtained make it possible to improve the quality of the manufactured blanks of the compressor rotor blades by hot extrusion.
Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis Involving the Mandible – A Rare Case Report
Authors: Alamoudi Abrar , Selvam Niranzena Panneer , Kashtwari Deeba , Ruprecht Axel , Hansen Matthew 
Published: September 2021

Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO) is an uncommon, aseptic, autoinflammatory condition characterized by multifocal bone lesions with pain, swelling, and frequent exacerbations and remissions. It is noteworthy that these lesions occur without any identifiable etiology or microbiologic finding. The clavicle and metaphyses of the long bones are often involved whereas involvement of the mandible is considered rare. It is usually diagnosed by exclusion of other diseases. As it shares most of its features with the more commonly occurring infective osteomyelitis, patients are often unnecessarily subjected to prolonged courses of antibiotics, serial radiation exposures, and repeated bone biopsies.
We present a case of CRMO involving the mandible. Our primary objective is to demonstrate the clinical features of this uncommon disorder, highlighting the radiographic appearance. Familiarity with this condition among radiologists greatly increases the likelihood for early diagnosis and formulating an appropriate treatment plan.
Spanish and Portuguese Parental Acceptance of Behavior Management Techniques in Pediatric Dentistry
Authors: Guinot Francisco , Virolés Mercè , Lluch Clàudia , Costa Ana Luisa , Veloso Ana 
Published: September 2021

Aim. To compare acceptance of behavior management techniques used in pediatric dentistry by Spanish and Portuguese parents. Study design. cross-sectional study.
A survey of 8 behavior management techniques used in pediatric dentistry was administered to parents whose children were being treated at the Universitat Internacional de Cataluña (Barcelona, Spain) or at the Universidade de Coimbra (Portugal). The techniques evaluated were: tell–show–do (TSD), nitrous oxide sedation, passive restraint using a papoose board, voice control, hand-over-mouth, oral premedication, active restraint and general anaesthesia. The questionnaire also included information on parents’ sex, number and sex of children receiving treatment, parents’ previous dental experience (positive or negative), children’s previous dental experience (positive or negative), and the socioeconomic status of the families. Results. TSD and voice control were rated the most acceptable techniques in both Spain and Portugal, whereas the least accepted techniques in both countries were active and passive restraint. There were no significant differences in the acceptance of each of the techniques, in relation to parents’ sex or their previous dental experience, children’s sex or age, children’s previous dental experience, or families’ socioeconomic status. Conclusion. TSD was the most widely accepted behavior-management technique by Spanish and Portuguese parents, even with the passage of time. Both groups of parents had a low opinion of active and passive restraint techniques.
Empirical earthquake probabilities from observed recurrence intervals
Authors: Savage J. C. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The probability p that a given fault segment will rupture within a specified time T following the preceding rupture is evaluated empirically from a sample of observed recurrence intervals for that fault segment. All that is assumed is that the probability of rupture within the specified time interval is the same for all rupture cycles on that segment. Suppose that m of the n observed recurrence intervals correspond to cycles in which rupture occurred within the interval T following the preceding earthquake. The probability density that rupture in the current cycle will also fall within the interval T following the most recent earthquake is then given by the beta distribution P(p|m, n) = {(n + 1)!/[m!(n − m!]}pm(1 − p)n−m. The best estimate of the desired probability pis 〈p〉 = (m + 1)/(n + 2), and a measure of the breadth of the distribution is the standard deviation σ = [〈p〉 (1 − 〈p〉)/(n + 3)]1/2. Because it is unlikely that the number n of observed recurrence intervals will be much greater than 10, the probability generally will not be defined more closely than ±0.2. Moreover, increasing n decreases the uncertainty only very slowly.
Characterization of global seismograms using an automatic-picking algorithm
Authors: Earle Paul S. , Shearer Peter M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAn automatic phase picker is useful for quickly identifying and timing phase arrivals in large seismic data bases. We have developed an automatic phase picker that is sensitive to small changes in amplitude and applied it to over 7 yr of global data distributed by the National Earthquake Information Center (NEIC). Our phase-picking algorithm is based on a short-term-average to long-term-average ratio (STA/LTA) taken along an envelope function generated from the seismogram. The algorithm returns arrival times and corresponding pick qualities. The procedure requires few input parameters and is easily adapted to various types of data. We produce global travel-time plots from both high-frequency (20- or 40-Hz sample rate) and low-frequency (1-Hz sample rate) data. These plots clearly image the predominant high- and low-frequency phases in the NEIC data base. Picks made from the long-period seismograms are less precise, but they reveal far more phase arrivals than the short-period picks. A number of phases resulting from reflections and phase conversions at upper mantle discontinuities can be identified in the low-frequency picks; however, a search of the short-period picks for upper mantle discontinuity phases, between P and PP and prior to P′P′, has so far been unsuccessful. In the long-period S and SS picks, we observe a discrepancy in SV and SH travel times, a possible result of upper mantle anisotropy. To check the accuracy and consistency of our algorithm, we present comparisons between hand-picked times and automatic-picked times for identical seismograms. Travel-time residuals from the short-period automatic picks and data reported to the International Seismological Centre (ISC) picks exhibit a comparable amount of scatter. Histograms of the ISC residuals and automatic-pick residuals are similar in shape and width for P and PcP. These observations suggest that human picking errors are not a major contributor to the scatter observed in ISC travel times, although direct comparisons between ISC reported picks and automatic picks on particular seismograms occasionally identify operator mispicks.
Regional bias in estimates of earthquake MS due to surface-wave path effects
Authors: Abercrombie Rachel E. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Continental earthquakes have long been known to have anomalously high surface-wave magnitudes relative to their seismic moments. A recent global study of shallow earthquakes by Ekström and Dziewonski (1988) confirmed this and found other regional, systematic anomalies in the MS-M0 relationship. It is important to determine the source of these anomalies in order to understand the controls on earthquake-source radiation and to obtain accurate estimates of historical seismic strain rates. In this study the magnitudes of 82 earthquakes from eight different tectonic regions are recalculated using a simple surface-wave path correction to determine whether path effects are responsible for the observed anomalies. The magnitudes of continental earthquakes are reduced by an average of 0.2 magnitude units, an improvement in fit to the global average significant at the 98% level. Surface-wave path effects are clearly responsible for the high MS observed in continental areas. There is a small decrease in scatter in the other areas, but lateral refraction of the surface waves at plate boundaries prevents the simple correction from having a significant effect. There is no evidence in the observed anomalies, however, for any dependence of earthquake-source type on tectonic setting. It is clear that to obtain reliable, unbiased estimates of regional seismic strain rate and hazard, a local moment-magnitude relationship should be preferred to a global one.