bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microparticles from PAH animals increase adhesion molecule expression in the pulmonary microcirculation
Authors: Hargett Leslie Anne , McLendon Jared , Gerthoffer William , Bauer Natalie 
Published: June 2021

Microparticles (MPs) are submicron vesicles released by cells into the circulation. Once generated, MPs can activate cells downstream. MP counts are increased in many diseases, including pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). We investigated whether MPs from animals with PAH stimulate the expression of adhesion molecules in pulmonary endothelium. The Sugen/Hypoxia/Normoxia rat model was used in this study. This model develops vascular lesions which are characteristic of the human PAH pathology. MPs were isolated from the blood of control, Sugen only, and PAH animals. Pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs) and pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (MVECs) were treated with serum free media with or without MPs for 24 hours. Cells were then lysed. ICAM‐1 and E‐selectin expression was measured by western blotting. No changes were observed in ICAM‐1 expression in PAECs exposed to serum free media, control MPs, Sugen MPs, or PAH MPs. However, preliminary data suggests that both ICAM‐1 and E‐selectin expression are increased in MVECs exposed to MPs from PAH animals. E‐selectin appears to be increased in PAECs in response to control and PAH MPs. Our data suggests that PAECs and MVECs respond differently to MPs from PAH animals. These findings highlight the heterogeneity of endothelial cells in the pulmonary circulation and could indicate that MPs impact the homeostasis of the pulmonary microcirculation in PAH.This research is funded by AHA 11 (SDG7390037) Grant and NHLBI T32 (HL076125) Training Grant.
Postprandial fatty acid trafficking in obese women after either endurance or resistance exercise
Authors: Davitt Patrick M , Arent Shawn M , Henderson Gregory C 
Published: June 2021

We investigated effects of two exercise modalities on postprandial triglyceride (TG) and free fatty acid (FFA) metabolism. Sedentary, obese women were studied on 3 occasions in randomized order: Endurance exercise for 60 min at 65% VO2peak (E), ~60 min high‐intensity resistance exercise (R), and a sedentary control (C). A liquid mixed meal (48% CHO, 36% Fat, 16% Protein) containing [U‐13C]palmitate was consumed 30 min after exercise and subjects were studied over 7 hours. Content and isotopic enrichment of plasma TG and FFA were measured by mass spectrometry. Labeled fatty acids were inferred to be of exogenous (dietary) origin and unlabeled inferred to be endogenous. Total and endogenous plasma TG content were significantly reduced in both E and R compared to C (P < 0.05) with no effect of exercise on circulating exogenous TG content. Exogenous plasma FFA content was significantly increased following both E and R compared with C (P < 0.05), while total and endogenous FFA were elevated only in E (P < 0.05) compared with C. The results reflect integration of TG and FFA metabolism following E and R exercise. The present results indicate that R and E may be equally effective in reducing plasma TG level, and this reduction in postprandial lipemia is not achieved by enhanced clearance of dietary fat, but rather is achieved by reduced circulating abundance of endogenously produced TG.Funding: Busch Biomedical Foundation
STEM CELL FUNCTION IN ATHEROSCLEROTIC APOE −/− MICE
Authors: Porto Marcella Leite , Campagnaro Bianca Prandi , Tonini Clarissa L , Vasquez Elisardo C , Meyrelles Silvana S 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundStem cell (SC) has been used as a potential therapy for various diseases. However, the beneficial effects of SC are still a subject of controversy. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate how aging and atherosclerosis affect bone marrow SC function in mice.MethodsFemale mice (n= 12) were divided into C57 and apoE−/− (2 and 18‐month‐old) groups. Bone marrow stem cells were isolated and obtained by immunomagnetic depletion. BM‐MNCLin‐ were stained with phycoerythrin (PE)‐conjugated antibody against Sca‐1 (stem cell antigen) or matched isotype control (anti‐rat IgG2a). For apoptosis detection, 105 BM‐MNCLin‐ were incubated Annexin V‐FITC and propidium iodide (PI). A FACSCanto II cytometer was used for the flow cytometric analysis. Data were acquired and analyzed using BD FACSDiva software. Data are mean±SEM. Statistical analysis was performed with two way ANOVA test.ResultsFlow cytometric analysis showed increased SC apoptosis in aged compared with young C57 animals (2m: 4,8 ± 0,5% vs. 18m: 39,9 ± 0,8%, p<0,05). This effect was pronounced in apoE−/− group (2m: 38,6 ± 0,3% vs. 18m: 44 ± 0,2%, p<0,05).ConclusionThe present study demonstrated that aging and atherosclerosis impact on SC function, mainly when these two risk factors are associated. These results provide novel rationales for the optimal use of SC in therapies.
Comparative anatomy and development of the carotid‐basilar arterial trunk in vertebrates
Authors: Rahmat Sulman , Gilland Edwin 
Published: June 2021

In order to assess general patterns of vertebrate hindbrain vasculature, we dissected a wide taxonomic range of latex‐injected specimens. Examinations of distantly‐related taxa including cyclostomes, elasmobranchs, actinopterygians and sarcopterygian tetrapods demonstrated a conserved suite of hindbrain vascular features including: 1) the origin and branching of cerebral (internal) carotids; 2) the ontogenetic origins of the basilar artery from paired precursors; and 3) the presence of a quasi‐segmental series of transverse basilar artery branches that extend circumferentially around the brainstem, giving off penetrating vessels. The major exception to this general pattern is found in teleosts, in which a series of midline segmental central arterial stems arise from the basilar artery and branch into intramural vascular trees within the sub‐ependymal zone of the hindbrain. The restriction of penetrating arteries to a series of dominant medial segmental stems in teleosts is derived relative to other vertebrates and may be part of a set of key innovations in this group. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that paired basilar arteries are primitive for jawed vertebrates, with unpaired basilars arising independently in chondrichthyes, teleosts and tetrapods. The hypothesized independent development of unpaired basilar arteries may represent convergence towards similar neurovascular functional designs. Given the highly dissimilar body plans and lifestyles of these groups, the overall conservation of hindbrain macrovasculature likely results from the primitive, shared similarity of embryonic brain development.Grant Funding Source: None
The Right Gastroepiploic Artery: Anatomical Study on 100 Cadaveric Dissections.
Authors: Settembre Nicla , Malikov Serguei , Champsaur Pierre , Bussani Rossana , Braun Marc , Magnan Pierre Edouard 
Published: June 2021

The gastroepiploic artery (GEA) with the greater omentum is known for its high quality as a vascular graft and its resistance to infection when used to perform bypass, free‐flap or flow‐through flap.Many authors have studied this anatomical unit, but a number of questions remain undiscussed.The aim of this anatomical study was to evaluate the diameter and length of the GEA graft and its omental branches and to assess the feasibility of the epiploic flow‐through flap.MethodsWe performed 100 cadaveric dissections.In 70 fresh cadavers we carried out dissections of GEA and of the greater omentum. Transillumination technique was helpful to identify all branches of GEA.In the other 30 cadavers, prepared with Winkler solution, we injected barium sulfate with colored latex. After four days we harvested the artery with the omentum and a digital radiography was performed in order to report measures of lengths and internal diameters.The diameter of GEA at its origin was 2.9 mm (2.7–3.4 mm). Its length was 245 mm (230–260 mm).ConclusionThe anatomical unit based on GEA defines a relatively long arterial graft and a reliable omental flap for vascularization. Our dissection data confirm the anatomical feasibility in all cases and define the limits. This graft can be useful in patients requiring revascularization combined with coverage of tissue loss.
Dux4 target gene expression in mouse muscle transplanted with muscle cells from FSHD patients
Authors: Windelborn James , Rahimov Fedik , Emerson Charles P 
Published: June 2021

In order to gain insights into FSHD molecular pathology, we developed a xenograft model by transplanting myogenic cells from patients with FSHD (4qA contractions) as well as from their unaffected relatives into the tibialis anterior muscles of immunodeficient mice. Our findings show that muscle xenografts derived from FSHD myogenic cells express Dux4 target genes, recapitulating the expression of these disease biomarkers in muscle biopsies of FSHD patients. FSHD muscle xenografts provide an animal model for investigations of the molecular pathogenesis of FSHD muscles and for drug development.Grant Funding Source: NIH 5U54HD06084805 and FSH Society FSHS‐22012–04
Gender Difference In Response to Dietary Genistein‐induced Chromatin Remodeling of Wnt Genes in Preneoplastic Rat Colon
Authors: Bray Julie K , Zhang Yukun , Chen Hong 
Published: June 2021

Genistein, a soy‐derived isoflavone, has been reported to reduce the abnormal Wnt signaling that is observed in most colon cancer through epigenetic regulations. In this study, we investigated the effects of dietary genistein on gene expression of the Wnt pathway by histone modifications in the descending colon of rats. Using the azoxymethane‐induced rat colon cancer model, we have identified that dietary genistein reduced the formation of preneoplastic lesions in the colon of female rats more significantly compared to males. Expression of Wnt1, Wnt6, and Wnt8b was upregulated, while c‐Myc was downregulated by dietary genistein in female but not in male. By chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, we identified gender‐related differences in dietary genistein‐induced chromatin remodeling, which includes histone acetylation, methylation and phosphorylation at the above‐mentioned Wnt signaling gene regions. The differences were correlated with the differential response in gene expression to genistein between genders. In conclusion, our results suggest an epigenetic mechanism by which dietary genistein differentially affects the Wnt genes and Wnt signaling in male and female during colon cancer development. This study may facilitate establishment of a gender‐based recommendation on dietary genistein intake in maintaining colon health.Grant support: Illinois Soybean Association and NIH/NCI
Cutting the cost of crouching: Over‐ground and tunnel locomotion in a tunnel specialist
Authors: Horner Angela , Moritz Sabine , Konow Nicolai 
Published: June 2021

The physical constraints of tunnels present a considerable challenge to the animals that must navigate through them and still maintain the ability to efficiently travel over‐ground. Mustelids appear to be adapted for moving in the confined spaces of tunnels and burrows, as they possess elongate, flexible bodies with relatively short limbs. To investigate the relative performance of the mustelid bodyplan in tunnel environments, we studied various performance metrics of locomotion of the domestic ferret (Mustela putorius furo) in a height‐constrained chamber and compared to unrestricted over‐ground conditions. We synthesized these data with separate studies of gait analyses, whole body mechanics, histology, energetic, and electromyography to link tissue level functional morphology to whole‐animal performance. Despite a marked change in posture when ferrets enter tunnels, voluntary gaits and speed are unchanged, and oxygen consumption increases only slightly. Our analysis suggests that, in addition to the more obvious derived features of the musculoskeletal system, mustelids are also physiologically well suited for crouched locomotion.Grant Funding Source: none
α‐TTP‐expressing astrocytes regulate α‐tocopherol homeostasis in the CNS
Authors: Ulatowski Lynn M , Atkinson Jeffrey , Manor Danny 
Published: June 2021

Alpha‐tocopherol (Vitamin E) is a major lipid soluble antioxidant and is essential for the prevention of oxidative stress‐related diseases. The alpha tocopherol transfer protein (α‐TTP) is the principal regulator of whole‐body vitamin E status. Mutations in the TTPA gene lead to heritable vitamin E deficiency and neurological dysfunction. As very little is presently known about the mechanisms that govern α‐tocopherol's actions in the brain, we studied the expression of α‐TTP and the trafficking of vitamin E in the cerebellum. We found that α‐TTP is expressed in GFAP‐positive astrocytes, where it regulates the efflux of α‐tocopherol to neurons. Importantly, oxidative stress increases expression of TtpA mRNA in cerebellar astrocytes. Our data suggest that α‐TTP‐expressing astrocytes regulate the homeostasis of α‐tocopherol in the CNS, thereby ensuring protection of neurons from oxidative stress‐induced damage. This model is supported by our observations of atrophied cell bodies and decreased dendritic branching of cerebellar Purkinje neurons in vitamin E deficient mice. Our findings provide a mechanistic basis for the ataxic phenotype that accompanies vitamin E deficiency.Work supported by awards T32DK07319 and RO1DK067494 from the NIH.
Level of anemia and deficiency of folic acid in blood mothers and children of younger age in Astana
Authors: Ospanova Feruza , Abduldayeva Aigul , Iskakova Saule , Syzdykova Saule 
Published: June 2021

Survey of parent and children's health within the State Program for Public Health Development of Kazakhstan for 2011–2015 of “Salamatty Kazakhstan” was conducted, in the real research studying of level of Hb, folic acid was carried out to blood of women and their children at the age from 6 till 59 months on the basis of 4 city policlinics of the city of Astana.Were taken on the analysis of serum of blood of mothers (n=82) and their children at the age from 6 till 59 months (n=82) the content of Hb and folic acid was defined by a method of an iimunnoelektrokhemilyuminestsentsiya. Indicators of slight anemia at children at the age from 6 till 59 months are similar to indicators of WHO and reaches 25% of the surveyed children, moderate anemia at children from 6,8 % reached 15,8 %. The general level of anemia decreased at women to 23,2 %, in particular indicators of slight anemia at mothers decreased from 19% to 9,7 %.The best rates noted level increase folic acid in blood of mothers and their children, in comparison with WHO data for 2007 across the RK indicators of deficiency of folic acid considerably decreased at children from 18,7 % to 9,7 %, at mothers from 33 % to 9%.Thus, the taken legislative and social measures in the RK first of all affected decrease in deficiency of folic acid in serum of blood of mothers and their children of younger age that will lead to reduction of number of congenital defects of a nervous tube at newborns.
Dietary B‐vitamin and C‐reactive protein in people with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Authors: Poudel Krishna C , Poudel‐Tandukar Kalpana 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundC‐reactive protein (CRP) has been associated with survival of HIV‐positive people. B ‐vitamin such as B‐6, B‐12 and folic acid are known to be inversely associated to CRP in people without HIV‐infection. We tested the hypothesis that higher intakes of B‐vitamin are associated with lower levels of CRP in a HIV‐positive people.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted among 250 HIV‐positive people aged 20–60 years residing in Nepal. Serum high‐sensitivity CRP concentrations were measured by the latex‐ agglutination‐nephelometry method. Dietary intake was assessed using two nonconsecutive 24‐hour dietary recalls. The relationship between B‐vitamin and CRP were assessed using multiple linear regression analysis.ResultsThe mean intake of B‐vitamin were significantly higher in men than in women (P<0.001). Serum CRP concentration was inversely associated with B‐vitamin such as B‐1 (B=−1.5; P=0.003), B‐3 (B=−0.09; P=0.001), and B‐6 (B=−0.67; P=0.007) in men. CRP concentration was similarly associated with folic acid both in men (B=−0.002; P=0.09) and women (B=−0.003; P=0.06).ConclusionHigher intakes of B‐vitamin may have a beneficial role against inflammation in HIV‐positive people.Support: Grant‐in‐Aid for Young Scientists (B), Japan.
Increase in skimmed milk intakes brings positive calcium balances during body weight reduction by exercise
Authors: Yamada Tetsuo , Kurasawa Shin‐ichi , Matsuzaki Masami , Tanaka Akira 
Published: June 2021

Suitable diets during body weight‐loss programs are not understood in detail. We investigated the effects of increasing skimmed milk intakes on nutritional status and metabolism of calcium and magnesium.MethodsSix adult male volunteers participated in crossover trial, i.e., two experiments over eight days. The first four days were an adjustment period consuming control diets (energy, 2,553 kcal; calcium, 1,028 mg; magnesium, 343 mg; mean intake levels per day). During the second four days, the participants exercised on a bicycle ergometer (mean additional energy, 511 kcal per day), and consumed either control diets or experimental diets which contained increased skimmed milk but the same energy levels as control diets.ResultsAlthough urinary and fecal calcium excretion levels were higher, calcium balances were significantly more positive during experimental period than during control period. Whereas magnesium balances during increased skimmed milk intakes are almost the same as during control diets. On the other hand, no significant differences in serum calcium, magnesium and intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels were observed between two diet methods.ConclusionsIncrease in skimmed milk intakes brings positive calcium balances during body weight reduction by exercise, but the regulation of calcium by PTH is not clear. This study was supported by a grant from Kanto Gakuin University.
Water intake and metabolic syndrome risk. A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Hernandez‐Cordero Sonia , Barquera Simon , Rodriguez‐Ramirez Sonia , de Los Angeles Villanueva Maria , de Cossio Teresita Gonzalez , Rivera Juan , Popkin Barry 
Published: June 2021

Mexican adults consume extensive levels of sugar sweetened beverages (SSB). This randomized clinical trial examined the effect of substituting water with SSB's on cardio metabolic indicators over 9 m in overweight Mexican women. Conducted in Cuernavaca, Mexico from April 2009 – October 2011. Overweight and obese (BMI ≥ 25 and <39), 18–45 y women with self‐reported high intake of SSB (≥ 250 kcal/day) were randomly allocated to the water and education provision (WEP) (n=120) or Education provision only (EP) (n=120) group. Biweekly water deliveries and monthly education were provided. Repeated 24‐hour recalls, anthropometry and fasting blood were collected at baseline, 3, 6 and 9 months.ResultsWomen in both groups lost weight, without being different among groups (p= 0.5). WEP women increased their water intake compared to EP women but over reported dietary reductions significantly more than EP women. Triglyceride levels decreased in the WEP, however this reduction did not differ among groups (p=0.2). This clinical trial water intervention did not result in a significant improvement in triglyceride levels, weight nor any other cardio metabolic risk factor. Our findings do not lead to conclude that SSB replacement with water does not support reduction of metabolic syndrome risk factors but rather that intervention provided was ineffective in reducing other sugary beverage intake
The Serum Glucose Response After a Dietary Treatment in Subjects with Metabolic Syndrome was predicted by a Genetic Predisposition Score that Integrated 11 Polymorphism
Authors: Guevara‐Cruz Martha , Tovar Armando R , Lai Chao Q , Parnell Laurence , Smith Caren E , Lee Yu‐Chi , Ordovas Jose M , Torres Nimbe 
Published: June 2021

There is the need to develop genetic predisposition scores (GPS), that integrate the additive associations of a set of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) with several phenotypes. Therefore, the aim of this work was to study how a GPS could be used as a predictive tool to infer the concentrations of glucose in response to a dietary treatment in subject with metabolic syndrome (MetS). We studied in 67 participants with MetS 11 SNPs at seven loci, and their serum glucose response after a dietary treatment. Subjects received either placebo or dietary portfolio (soy protein, nopal, chia seed and oat) for 2 months. To develop the GPS, we assigned a value to each polymorphism as follows: 1 unit (high beneficial‐response to glucose for allele homozygous), 0.5 unit (heterozygous) and 0 units (low beneficial‐response to glucose homozygous). The additive effect of each SNP on serum glucose was expressed as Δ mg/dL. Our results showed that subjects with a GPS >; 4 had a low response to a dietary treatment as observed by an increase of serum glucose, whereas subjects with a GPS< 4 had a high response to the dieatray treatment by reducing serum blood glucose. This response was independent of the consumption of placebo or dietary portfolio. Thus, a genetic score of 11 SNPs predicted the serum blood glucose response to a dietary treatment.(Grant: CONACyT 181685 to MGC)
Stimulation of the amyloid‐β precursor protein metabolism by cAMP
Authors: Ricciarelli Roberta , Canepa Elisa , Domenicotti Cinzia , Marengo Barbara , Gardella Elena , Marinari Umberto M , Pronzato Maria A , Fedele Ernesto 
Published: June 2021

Besides playing a pathogenic role in Alzheimer disease, amyloid‐β (Aβ) peptides are normally produced in low amounts in the brain and several lines of evidence suggest that they can modulate synaptic plasticity and memory. As cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is known to be involved in the same processes and the blockade of its degradation by phosphodiesterase‐4 inhibitors has consistently shown beneficial effects on cognition, we investigated the possible correlation between this second messenger and Aβ peptides in neuronal N2a cells overexpressing the amyloid‐β precursor protein (APP). We herein report that the elevation of endogenous cAMP by rolipram increased APP protein expression and both its amyloidogenic and non‐amyloidogenic processing. The effects of rolipram were reproduced by both the cAMP membrane‐permeant analogue 8Br‐cAMP and the forskolin‐induced activation of adenylyl cyclase, but were not affected by the PKA inhibitor H‐89.Our results demonstrate that, in neuronal cells, APP metabolism is physiologically modulated by cAMP and suggest that this might represent an additional mechanism through which the second messenger could influence memory functions. This work was supported by grants from the Alzheimer's Association and the Italian Ministry of University and Research (PRIN 2009M8FKBB_002).