bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Non-pharmacological Interventions on Elderly in Nursing Homes with Sleep disorder: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Jung Sunok , Choi Eunju , Kim Hyeyoung 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to examine the effects of nonpharmacological sleep intervention programs to improve sleep quality among the elderly in long-term care facilities. Methods: A literature search and selection was performed on nine different databases using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Statement. In total, 14 studies met the inclusion criteria and were systematically reviewed. For the meta-analysis, the effect size was estimated using the random-effects model on Review Manager (RevMan) desktop version 5.4 of the Cochrane Library. Result: The meta-analysis of nonpharmacological interventions obtained a total effect size of 1.0 (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 1.0, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.64–1.35), which was statistically significant (Z = 5.55, p &lt; .001). The most frequent nonpharmacological interventions identified were the interventions using aroma; the effect size was 0.61 (SMD = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.14–1.08), which was statistically significant (Z = 2.55, p = .01). In subgroup analysis, group-specific interventions, interventions for &gt;4 weeks, and untreated control studies were more effective. Conclusion: This study confirms that nonpharmacological interventions are effective in improving sleep quality among the elderly in long-term care facilities. However, the small sample size and risk of bias in assessing the interventions of individual studies are unclear or high, thereby limiting the generalizability of the results. Further studies based on randomized control trials and the development of evidence-based interventions that consider the elderly participants’ physical activity levels, intervention methods and duration, and control group selection are needed to obtain more conclusive evidence.
Engaging Underrepresented Older Adults in ADRD and Aging Research: A Scoping Review
Authors: Godbole Nisha , Beasley Jeannette , Kwon Simona , Roberts Timothy , Kranick Julie , Sherman Scott , Trinh-Shevrin Chau , Chodosh Joshua 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The rapidly aging and diversifying U.S. population coincides with increases in prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) and other aging-related disorders. Unfortunately, older adults and racial and ethnic minorities are often underrepresented in research studies. The differing barriers that underrepresented older adults face in research engagement indicate that results from studies conducted on younger and majority populations may not maintain external validity outside of those groups. Therefore, efforts to engage diverse older adults in research is imperative. The goal of this scoping review was to summarize findings of the current state of National Institute on Aging (NIA) sponsored research, identifying extant literature on engaging diverse older adult populations in aging and ADRD research. Among 566 articles screened for inclusion, 436 were included in the final analysis. Results showed that African Americans were represented in over half the studies (63.5%), but Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander and American Indian or Alaska Native populations were not well represented. Community- and convenience-based recruitment and retention strategies that have demonstrated prior success in research engagement were widely utilized. Racial, ethnic, and income status breakdowns were not included in 30.0%, 57.1%, and 53.4% of studies respectively, making it difficult to assess the applicability of findings for particular groups. Inclusion of Alzheimer’s disease patients or those with mild cognitive impairments was also poorly defined in most studies. Findings highlight gaps in existing literature that can be used to inform future research, and recruitment and retention strategies for engaging racial and ethnic minority older adults in research.
Factors Influencing Implementation of eHealth Technologies to Support Informal Dementia Care: An Umbrella Review
Authors: Bastoni Sofia , Wrede Christian , da SIlva Marcia C , Sanderman Robbert , Gaggioli Andrea , Braakman-Jansen Annemarie , van Gemert-Pijnen Lisette 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The increase of People with Dementia (PwD) living at home underscores the need for innovative eHealth technologies that support both patients and informal caregivers (IC). Sustainable implementation of eHealth technologies within this target group can, however, be difficult. Our study aims at providing an overview of (1) technologies employed in the context of informal dementia care (IDC) and (2) factors influencing the implementation of these technologies. Five databases were searched for (systematic) reviews. 21 reviews were included. A combination of deductive and inductive thematic analysis was performed, using the NASSS Framework to organize the findings. We identified technologies used “by IC”, “by PwD” and “with PwD”. Most represented technologies included: (i) devices for in-home monitoring (ii) technologies for supporting memory, orientation, and day structure, and (iii) communication technologies. Most factors influencing implementation related to the condition of dementia, characteristics of the technology, the expected/perceived value by users, and the characteristics of the IC. Considerably less has been reported on factors related to the implementing organization, the technology supplier, the wider institutional and sociocultural context of policy and regulations, and the adaptation of technology over time. Our study 1) created a comprehensive overview of eHealth technologies employed in the context of IDC and contributes to a better understanding of factors influencing their implementation, and 2) uncovered a knowledge gap regarding success factors for implementation related to the wider context. Although future research is needed, these findings can help researchers improving the development and implementation of eHealth technologies to support IDC.
Family Caregiving in the Somali-American Community During COVID-19
Authors: Moone Rajean , Suleiman Kamal , Lightfoot Elizabeth 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This poster describes a study of Somali American family caregiving during the COVID-19 pandemic, specifically investing the unique caregiving challenges faced by Somali caregivers. The findings from this study, which was part of a larger study related to family caregiving, were drawn from in-depth interviews of ten Somali family caregivers in Minnesota. All interviews were conducted in Somali during the summer of 2020 and translated and transcribed by a certified translator and research assistant. The major themes that emerged from this study related to Visitation, Hospital Accompaniment, and Self Sacrifice. As Somali culture is centered around extended family connections, isolation places particular strain. Second, family members typically serve as advocates, translators and guides during hospital visits. The restrictions on hospital accompaniment due to COVID-19 caused increased stress and poorer care of family caregivers and their loved ones. Third, in the Somali community, family placement is a last resort. Caregivers reported great sacrifices in time, comfort and opportunities to care for family members during COVID-19. Most of the caregivers described their coping with these sacrifices in terms of radical acceptance and God consciousness. These findings have important implications for providing supports for Somali family caregivers.
Health and Financial Risk-Taking Propensity During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Differences by Age and Time
Authors: Sevi Barış , Shook Natalie 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has presented a global health threat of unprecedented magnitude and had a devastating impact on the world’s economy. Accordingly, the riskiness of decisions related to health and finance may have increased. However, health and financial threats have differentially affected different age groups. For example, COVID-19 posed a greater health threat to older adults (65+ years) than younger or middle-aged adults, whereas financial threat due to the pandemic affected younger and middle-aged adults more than older adults. This study examined differences in the levels of health and financial risk-taking propensity by time of the pandemic and age group: young (18-39 years), middle-aged (40-64 years), and older adults (65+ years). A sample of 488 individuals residing in the US (245 Woman; Mage = 51.07, SD = 15.99) completed three waves of surveys in March, April, and May 2020. We found that risk-taking propensity for both health and financial decisions decreased over time. The risk-taking propensity was significantly lower in April and May than March, but risk-taking propensity in April and May did not significantly differ. The three age groups were all significantly different than each other in both health and financial risk-taking propensity at all three waves. Younger adults reported higher risk-taking propensity than older and middle-aged adults, and middle-aged adults reported higher risk-taking propensity than older adults. The findings indicate that the pandemic may have influenced all individuals to take less risks in the fields of health and finance regardless of their age.
Impact of iN2L Tablets on Loneliness and Well-Being: Findings of an Innovative Industry-AAA Program
Authors: Nguyen Lydia , O'Hern Karen , Siak Adam , Stoglin Kristi , Mather-Tayor Charlotte 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Area Agency on Aging (AAA) senior and adult day centers closed due to COVID-19, causing many older adults to lose an important source of connection and engagement, leading to social isolation. To combat negative consequences, iN2L and a Florida AAA partnered on an innovative program providing iN2L tablets to AAA-supported older adults to use at home. The tablets have a simple interface, content specifically designed for older adults (e.g., games; music; movies), and video call capability. Participants included 51 independent older adults (mean age 77) and 39 family caregivers (mean age 59) of people with dementia. Participants completed phone surveys with AAA case managers at baseline and 3 months, including UCLA Loneliness Scale (3 item) and questions about their tablet experiences. Findings show positive trends for loneliness and well-being in both groups. At 3 months, lonely participants decreased from baseline by 25% for independent older adults and 18% for family caregivers. Over 80% of independent older adults agreed the tablet engages them in meaningful activities, provides daily enjoyment, and helps with relaxation. For family caregivers, 79% agreed the tablet is another tool in their caregiver toolkit and about 70% agreed the tablet adds daily enjoyment, helps with relaxation, and provides engagement in meaningful activities for their family member. Approximately 50% of caregivers felt happier, less stressed, and less irritable since using the tablets. This work has implications for the utility of technology in promoting engagement and connection, alleviating negative effects of social isolation, and the effectiveness of industry-AAA partnerships.
Interventions Adopting Body-Mind-Spirit Model to Improve the Holistic Health of Older Adults: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hu Xinyue , Li Tongtong , Chi Iris 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This systematic review aims to summarize 5 key information from non-pharmaceutical intervention studies which adopt Body-Mind-Spirit (BMS) model for older adults: (1) definition of BMS, (2) types and formats of the interventions, (3) background and BMS training of the interventionists, (4) activities included in the interventions, and (5) effect of these interventions on the holistic health of older adults. We conducted a systematic search of 9 databases (ProQuest, Web of Science, PsycINFO, PubMed, Cochrane, Wanfang, AIRITI, CADAL, CNKI) for studies published in English or Chinese through May 31, 2021. Inclusion criteria were: (1) Must be empirical studies; (2) Participants must be aged 55 and above; and (3) Must adopt the BMS model or contain BMS in full-text. We found 15 studies (7 RCTs, 1 cluster randomized trial, 3 mixed-method studies, and 4 qualitative studies). Ten studies (66.67%) adopted Chan’s BMS model. Thirteen studies (86.67%) adopted in-person group interventions. Only five studies (33.33%) provided BMS training to the interventionists. Six articles (40%) categorized the activities as body-, mind- or spirituality-related. Ten studies (66.67%) reported effectiveness in all 3 dimensions of BMS. Of the 7 RCTs, 5 were rated as medium-quality, and 2 were rated as low-quality according to the Cochrane’s Risk of Bias tool. Most interventions based on the BMS model claimed to be effective in improving the holistic health of older adults. In order to improve the internal validity, future RCT studies should be more prudent about the randomization process and adhere to the BMS model when designing the interventions.
Reflection Leading to Action on Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion at the Virginia GWEP
Authors: Alexander Chuck , Slattum Patricia , Williams Ishan , Waters Leland 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Last year’s Black Lives Matter protests inspired the Virginia Geriatric Education Center (VGEC) GWEP’s plenary to engage in reflection and discussion on diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) in our work together. During each bi-monthly meeting, we dedicate time to generate ideas to improve our programming, how we work together, and how we partner and recruit for our programs. Champions for DEI on our plenary led an effort to develop a DEI newsletter clarifying DEI concepts and introducing resources thematically related to the monthly VGEC faculty development program curriculum. By incorporating these resources into our monthly curriculum, facilitators have a new access point to incorporate content on health equity and policy into our curriculum. The intentional focus on DEI is opening the door to deeper reflection and conversation with a goal of improving all our programming, cultivating a new social awareness, and bringing new voices and perspectives to the table.
Leveraging Medical Claims to Predict Long-term Care Transitions among Older Adults in the United States
Authors: Backhaus Megan , Jhuang An-Ting , Griffith Ben , Bangerter Lauren 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Most older adults prefer to age in place rather than moving to a long-term care (LTC) facility, but little is known about the factors that predict entry into LTC. This study sought to utilize administrative claims data to understand the predictors of LTC transitions using de-identified claims data from Medicare Advantage members in the UnitedHealth Group Clinical Discovery Database. We investigated LTC transitions of 250,587 adults (Mean age = 77, standard deviation = 7.75) between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2019. Types of predictors for these transitions include aggregated medical data surrounding chronic conditions and frailty indices, as well as healthcare utilization and demographics in 2016 and 2017. We then fit data of these types to an extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) model to predict long-term care transitions in 2018 and 2019 (ROCAUC = 0.84, accuracy = 0.84, precision = 0.68, and recall = 0.42). Frailty indicators, such as falls and fractures, mobility problems, dementia, and delirium, as well as osteoporosis are strong predictors of LTC transitions. These findings can be used to design interventions aimed at preventing LTC transitions and enabling older adults to age in place.
Motivation to Learn and Multilingualism across the Adult Life Stages in the U.S.
Authors: Sahoo Shalini , Yamashita Takashi , Millar Roberto , Cummins Phyllis 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Lifelong learning or continuing education over the life course has become necessary to navigate a rapidly changing technological landscape. Motivation to learn (MtL) is essential for facilitating lifelong learning. In the U.S., most of the educational opportunities are available in English. Moreover, little is known about associations between being multilingual and MtL across the life stages. This study analyzed nationally representative data from the 2012/2014/2017 Program for International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC) restricted use file (RUF). Using a previously established latent MtL construct, structural equation models were estimated by four age groups --- 25-34 (n = 2,310); 35-44 (n = 1,610); 45-54 (n = 1,670); and 55 and older (n = 2,620). Results showed that being multilingual was associated with greater MtL among younger age groups, including age 25-34 (b = 0.20, p = 0.01) and 35-44 (b = 0.28, p &lt; 0.001), after adjusting for the demographic, socioeconomic and health characteristics of individuals. Multilingualism was not associated with MtL among older age groups, including 45-54 (b = 0.06, p = 0.50) and 55 and older (b = 0.13, p = 0.19). Findings suggest that education policies that target younger multilingual adults are likely to be effective while enhancing MtL of monolingual (i.e., English-speaking only) adults seems to be a necessary first step. Yet, a similar approach may not be effective for older adults, arguably due to more diverse life circumstances, educational needs, and learning style preferences. More detailed interpretations of empirical results and theoretical explanations are needed.
Motivations and Experiences of Older Adult Volunteers in a Telehealth Nursing Simulation Activity
Authors: Crittenden Jennifer , Thompson Kayla 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has posed challenges to safely engaging older adults in volunteer activities. This research explored a unique partnership between a Retired Senior and Volunteer Program (RSVP) and a school of nursing to administer a telehealth virtual simulation training for nurse practitioner students. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with nursing simulation coordinators and volunteers after the telehealth simulation exercise. The purpose of this research was to identify principles of successful virtual volunteer engagement for telehealth simulations. This initial pilot study encompassed debriefing interviews with volunteers (N = 3) and interviews with simulation coordinators (N = 2). Three major themes emerged within the response coding: 1) the benefits of virtual simulation volunteering, 2) technology as a facilitating factor and challenge, and 3) unique volunteer management considerations. Both volunteers and coordinators noted that volunteers derived positive emotional benefits and new insights from their participation. Coordinators discussed the “authenticity” factor that older adults brought to the simulation experience as a benefit to engaging older adult volunteers. Technology sub-themes included accessibility considerations, experience with the online format, and other logistical considerations in conducting telehealth simulation. Volunteer management sub-themes encompassed volunteer skills and motivations, the perceived successful aspects of training, and improvements for future simulations. Volunteers discussed an interest and connection to healthcare and education as a motivating factor for their participation in the telehealth simulation. This small scale pilot research will be expanded through future simulation activities to continue to identify principles of practice for engaging older adults in virtual volunteerism.
Older Adults Place Greater Importance on a Purposeful Retirement
Authors: Best Rachel , Pfund Gabrielle , Cardador M Teresa , Strecher Victor , Hill Patrick 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Sense of purpose is associated with desirable health and well-being measures in older adults. Unfortunately, existing research points to complexity in the connection between purpose and retirement: some but not all people decline in sense of purpose following retirement, and some view it as nonessential to maintain a purpose specifically during retirement. These findings suggest there may be individual differences both in the importance placed on being purposeful specifically during retirement, and that there may be a discrepancy in purpose importance before retirement and during retirement. In this study, we examined whether perceived purpose importance correlates with age and personality, as well as working status. Data were collected from a U.S sample (N = 2,009), aged18-93 (M =48.51). Participants completed a survey assessing the Big Five personality traits and were asked to rate the importance of purpose before and after retirement. Findings suggest that, overall, people believe it wasrbe important to have a purpose and direction during retirement (M = 3.86). Perceived purpose importance during retirement was greater among older, conscientious, and less neurotic adults, but working status did not appear to play a role. Moreover, when comparing perceptions of purpose importance before and during retirement, age was the distinguishing factor differentiating who perceives during-retirement purpose as more important than before-retirement purpose, such that older adults placed greater importance on sense of purpose during retirement. Results indicate that older adults do value having a purpose during retirement, suggesting that purpose-focused interventions may be well-received by this population.
Paid Care Services and Transitioning Out of the Community among Diverse Older Adults with Dementia
Authors: Roche-Dean Maria , Baik Sol , Moon Heehyul , Coe Norma , Oh Anna , Zahodne Laura 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Objectives: Paid care provided in the home or through community organizations includes important support services for older adults with dementia such as cleaning and personal care assistance. These services could delay the transition to long-term care, but access may differ across sociodemographic groups. This study examined the relationship between paid care and transitioning out of the community among diverse older adults with dementia. Methods: Using data from 303 participants (29.4% Black) with probable dementia in the National Health and Aging Trends Study (2011-2019), subdistribution hazard models estimated the association between receiving paid care at baseline and the probability of transitioning out of the community over the next eight years. Covariate selection was guided by the Andersen model of healthcare utilization. Results: Paid care was associated with lower risk of transitioning out of the community (SHR = 0.70, 95% CI [0.50, 0.98]). This effect was similar after controlling for predisposing factors and most prominent after controlling for enabling and need for services factors (SHR = 0.63, 95% CI [0.42, 0.94]) and was only evident among Whites. There were no racial differences in the use of paid care, but Black participants were less likely to transition out of the community than Whites despite evidencing greater care needs. Discussion: Paid care services may help delay transitions out of the community. Future research should seek to explain racial differences in access to and/or preferences for home-based, community-based, and residential care.