bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MicroRNA-187 inhibits pentylenetetrazol-induced neuronal apoptosis and alleviates development of epilepsy in epileptic rats by regulating SPRY1 expression
Authors: Diao Limei , Yu Haichun , Wang Shungui , Yu Qian , Li Huaxia , Lu Ling , Liao Xianqiu , Li Huan , Qiu Xiaoqiang 
Published: July 2021

Purpose: To explore the role of microRNA-187 on the pathological process of epilepsy.
Methods: The seizure score of epileptic rats was evaluated according to Racine’s scale. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was performed to determine the expression levels of microRNA-187 (miR-187). Western blot technique was conducted to assess the expression levels of caspase 3, B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2), and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)] and activation of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)/PI3K/AKT cascade. Caspase 3 colorimetric assay kit was employed to evaluate the activity of caspase 3. Dual-luciferase reporter gene system was used to explore the regulating mechanisms of miR-187 and protein sprouty homolog 1 gene (SPRY1).
Results: The results showed that miR-187 was aberrantly downregulated in the hippocampus regions of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-treated rats compared to normal rats (p < 0.05). Furthermore, PTZ promoted caspase 3-dependent neuronal apoptosis by increasing the expression of pro-apoptosis protein PARP and decreasing the expression levels of BCL-2 in rats. On the other hand, overexpression of miR-187 downregulated SPRY1 as well as PTEN (p < 0.05), thereby activating the downstream PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Notably, the effects of upregulated miR-187 on neuronal apoptosis and epilepsy development in PTZ-induced rats was reversed by the concomitant overexpression of SPRY1 (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: The results of this research show that overexpressed miR-187 alleviates the development of PTZ-induced neuronal apoptosis and epilepsy in epileptic rat models by regulating SPRY1 expression. These findings can hopefully be beneficial for the discovery of new therapeutic strategies for epilepsy treatment.
Neuroprotective effects of electro-acupuncture in spinal cord injury rats via up-regulation of DUSP14
Authors: Zhang Junfeng , Wu Yaochi , Xu Jingjie , Zhang Shenghong , Li Shisheng 
Published: July 2021

Purpose: To study the effect and mechanism of action of electro-acupuncture (EA) on nerve regeneration by analyzing the behavior, inflammation and cell death in spinal cord injury (SCI) rat model.
Methods: SCI model was established according to Allen’s falling strike method. Electroacupuncture was performed on Jiaji (EX-B2)/Mingmen (GV4) acupoint with a 1 mA current intermittent wave at a frequency of 2Hz for 20 min daily. Interleukin (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels were measured using ELISA kits. Apoptosis-induced DNA strand breaks were evaluated by TUNEL assay while relative mRNA expression was assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Protein levels were measured by western blot.
Results: Relative mRNA and protein expressions of DUSP14 decreased in SCI rats with time but increased by EA treatment. Further, partial locomotor functional recovery was presented in SCI rats by EA treatment. Moreover, intraspinal injection of DUSP14 over-expression viral supernatants/EA treatment ameliorated inflammation and apoptosis in SCI rats. Meanwhile, the protein levels of NF-κB p65 (nucleus) and phosphorylated TGF-activated kinase 1 (p-TAK1) increased in SCI rats following EA treatment but were decreased by EA treatment and intraspinal injection of DUSP14 over-expression viral supernatants.
Conclusion: EA acupoint treatment exerts neuroprotective effects in SCI rats via the reduction of inflammation and apoptosis, and induction of DUSP14.
Hypaconitine confers protection on ketamine-induced neuronal injury in neonatal rat brain via a mechanism involving PI3K/Akt/Bcl-2 pathway
Authors: Liu Junbao , Hu Yubo , Li Linlin , Li Longyun 
Published: July 2021

Purpose: To investigate the neuroprotective effect of hypaconitine against ketamine-induced neuronal injury in the brains of neonatal rats, and the underlying mechanism of action.
Methods: Seven day-old Sprague-Dawley pups weighing 15.0 to 20.0 g (mean weight = 17.5 ± 2.5 g), and aged 7 days were used for this study. The pups were sacrificed, and their forebrains isolated and used to prepare cell suspensions. The isolated cells were treated with ketamine (100 µM) or varied concentrations of hypaconitine (0.1 – 2 µM) or LY294002 (10 µM). The cells were trypsinized and cultured at 37 °C in 10 % fetal bovine serum (FBS) supplemented Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) in a humidified incubator containing 5 % CO2. Cell viability was determined using MTT assay, while TUNEL assay was used to determine the extent of apoptosis in the cells. The expressions of pAkt, Bcl-2 and caspase-3 were determined using Western blotting.
Results: There were only few viable cells in the ketamine-treated group, and cell viability was significantly and dose-dependently increased in hypaconitine-treated groups (p < 0.05). The extent of apoptosis was significantly higher in ketamine-treated cells than in control cells, but treatment with hypaconitine significantly reduced the number of apoptotic cells (p < 0.05). However, in the presence of LY294002 (a PI3K-specific inhibitor), the effect of hypaconitine on neuronal cell apoptosis was significantly reversed (p < 0.05). The expressions of p-Akt and Bcl-2 were significantly down-regulated while the expression of caspase-3 was significantly upregulated in ketamine-treated neuronal cells, when compared with control group (p < 0.05). However, in cells treated with hypaconitine, the expressions of p-Akt and Bcl-2 were significantly upregulated, while the expression of caspase-3 was significantly down-regulated (p < 0.05). Treatment of neuronal cells with hypaconitine in the presence of LY294002 significantly reversed the effect of hypaconitine on the expressions of p-Akt, Bcl-2 and caspase-3 (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: These results suggest that hypaconitine ameliorates ketamine-induced neuronal injury in neonatal rats via a mechanism involving the PI3K/Akt/Bcl-2 pathway.
Count time series models for road traffic accidents in Tanzania Mainland
Authors: Msengwa Amina S , Ngari Florence D 
Published: July 2021

A pairwise analysis was conducted to assess the trends and factors associated with road traffic accidents in Tanzania. The Poisson and Negative Binomial Autoregressive Models were used to extend log linear functions by accounting time-varying components. A total of 85,514 road traffic accidents in Tanzania mainland that occurred from 2012 to 2017 were extracted from Tanzania Police Office records. Eleven factors were grouped into a human, vehicle, physical/environmental and pedestrian-related factors. The Likelihood ratio test, Akaike Information Criterion, Bayesian Information Criterion and residual ACF plots were used to evaluate the performance of the models in Dar es Salaam and other combined regions. The trend analysis indicated a declining pattern in all factors and human-related factors appeared higher than the other three factors. The highest number of road traffic accidents was observed in Dar es Salaam Region compared to other combined regions. The models, including its past values and time-varying factors, were in favour-of other models. In both, Dar es Salaam and other combined regions, non-linear pattern and Negative Binomial Autoregressive Models fitted the data well. The implementation of collective actions in recent years seems positive on road traffic accidents. Nevertheless, more emphasis is needed to monitor trends on the number of accidents and related fatalities.
Keywords: Road Traffic Accidents, Poisson, Negative binomial, Autoregressive Models, Tanzania.
PEMANFAATAN GAME ONLINE SEBAGAI PERMAINAN EDUKATIF MODERN UNTUK MENGEMBANGKAN KREATIVITAS ANAK
Authors: Arum Rezki Perwita , Sholehah Aat Mar’atun , Fatmawati Fatmawati 
Published: July 2021

This research wasswritten withhthe aimoof presenting about understanding modern educational games using a research methodiin theeform ofaa libraryystudy (LibraryrResearch). Theddata usediin ending the research is obtained frommthe library, in theform of books, encyclopedias,ddictionaries,jjournals, documents,mmagazines andsso on, which relates to the problem to be solved. The implementation of understanding modern educational games is an implementation or application in the form of real action to understand modern educational games with various kinds of activities. The importance of modern educational games in developing. Basedoon therresults ofddata analysissthrough literature study, ittwas founddthat he could understand educational modern games. Keywords: Types, Characteristics, Benefits, and Implementation of Modern Games.
Abstrak
Penelitiannini ditulis bertujuanmmennyajikan tentang memahami permainan modern yang edukatif menggunakan metode penelitian yang berupa Studi Kepustakaan (Library Research).Data yang dipergunakan di dalam mengakhiri penelitian tersebut didapatkan mengenai buku, literature, catetan, juga beragam informasi yang bersangkutan dengan masalah yang akan diselesaikan. Implementasi memahami permainan modern yang edukatif merupakan sebuah pelaksanaan atau penerapan dalam bentuk aksi nyata untuk memahami permainan modern yang edukatif dengan berbagai macam kegiatan. Pentingnya permainan modern yang edukatif dalam mengembangkan .Berdasarkan hasil analisis data melalui studi kepustakaan di peroleh bahwasannyadapat memahami permainan modern yang eduktaif.
Kata Kunci: Jenis, Karakteristik, Manfaat, dan Pelaksanaan Permainan Modern.
CHANGING BELIEF OF PRE-SERVICE ENGLISH TEACHERS DURING TEACHING PRACTICUM
Authors: Heryatun Yayu , Sukma Dara Damanik Emeliya 
Published: July 2021

This study investigated the changing belief of pre-service English teachers during they did teaching practicum. It was one of subjects in teacher education programs. Belief of pre-service English teachers played significant role as it could influence their classroom practices and teaching outcomes. The methodology of research used in this study was qualitative case study. It involved twenty pre-service English teachers from English Department. They were put in twelve schools which located in four towns in Banten Province. This study employed questionnaire and reflective journal as instruments for collecting data. The questionnaire itself was distributed before and after teaching practicum, while reflective journal was filled by twenty pre-service English teachers during teaching practicum.The results of this study revealed that the changing of teachers’ belief varied among participants. The changing belief of pre-service English teachers covered three themes, which consists of (1) learners (2) learning and (3) teaching, before and after they did teaching practicum. Dealing with the first theme, changing belief on learners, pre-service English teachers experienced more on their emotion specifically on their confident as well as patient. In addition, the second theme, changing belief on learning, it occurred more on pre-service English teachers’ awareness that the classroom reality helped them to test their knowledge and it made them more aware of their personal beliefs about learning. Moreover, the last theme, changing belief on teaching, it took place when pre-service teachers had been exposed to teaching English in real contexts EFL classroom.
KAJIAN STRUKTURAL CERPEN KARANGAN SISWA KELAS IX MTS AL-FURQON KLARI KARAWANG DAN PEMANFAATANNYA SEBAGAI RENCANA PELAKSANAAN PEMBELAJARAN
Authors: Siti Nurfalah Ulfa 
Published: July 2021

This study aims to describe the structure of the story through intrinsic elements, namely the facts of the story and literary means contained in short stories written by students of class IX MTs Al-Furqon Klari Karawang and their use as a Learning Implementation Plan (RPP). Sources of data in this study were several short stories written by students of class IX MTs Al-Furqon Klari Karawang. The data in this study are statements or sentences written in short stories written by students describing Robert Stanton's structuralism and categorized into two parts, namely the facts of the story and literary means. The results of this study reveal that the short stories written by students of class IX MTs Al-Furqon Klari Karawang mostly describe the personal life experiences of the author. The short story composition has a story structure in terms of intrinsic elements, namely the facts of the story, namely in terms of plot, characters, setting and theme. Not only in terms of the facts of the story but literary means which can be divided into five parts, namely; title, point of view, style and tone, symbolism and irony.
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan struktur cerita melalui unsur intrinsik yakni fakta-fakta cerita dan sarana-sarana sastra yang terdapat dalam karangan cerpen karya siswa kelas IX MTs Al-Furqon Klari Karawang beserta pemanfaatannya sebagai Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran (RPP). Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah beberapa karangan cerpen siswa kelas IX MTs Al- Furqon Klari Karawang. Data dalam penelitian ini adalah pernyataan atau kalimat yang tertuang dalam teks cerpen karangan siswa yang mendeskripsikan strukturalisme Robert Stanton dan dikategorikan menjadi dua bagian yaitu fakta- fakta cerita dan sarana-sarana sastra. Hasil penelitian ini mengungkapakan bahwa pada karangan cerpen karya siswa kelas IX MTs Al-Furqon Klari Karawang ini sebagian besar menggambarkan pengalaman kehidupan pribadi pengarang. Karangan cerpen tersebut memilki struktur cerita dari segi unsur intrinsik yakni fakta-fakta cerita yaitu dari segi alur, karakter, latar dan tema. Tidak hanya dari segi fakta-fakta cerita melainkan sarana-sarana sastra yang dapat dibagi menjadi lima bagian yakni; judul, sudut pandang, gaya dan tone, simbolisme dan ironi. Karangan cerpen tersebut terdapat dua pokok pembahasan yang akan dianalisis yaitu, kajian struktural Robert Stanton dan pemanfaatannya sebagai rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran.
Kata Kunci: Kajian Struktural, Fakta-Fakta Cerita, Sarana-Sarana Sastra, Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran
KAJIAN KRITIK SOSIAL PADA NASKAH DRAMA BADAI SEPANJANG MALAM KARYA MAX ARIFIN
Authors: Indriani Indriani , Nurhasanah Een , Hartati Dian 
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this study is (1) to describe the chordial condition of a group of people in the drama script of Max Arifin's Badai Sepanjang Malam, (2) to illustrate social issues that are criticized in the drama script of Max Arifin's Badai Sepanjang Malam. This review incorporates descriptive-qualitative techniques and literary approaches to sociology. Max Arifin's drama script Badai Sepanjang Malam, which is included in a compilation of teenage dramas published by Gramedia in Jakarta in 1988, is the focus used. Reading and record taking procedures are the tools used to collect data. The research outcomes are as follows. The time and place setting for the drama Badai Sepanjang Malam takes place in the village of Klaulan, Lombok. 1988. In 1988, In the drama Badai Sepanjang Malam, social critique, that is, social systems, social reform, social issues, social structures. In the context of housing, partnership and tension in the social process. There are patterns of thought, mood patterns and action habits, regional factors, of social change. In terms of social issues, namely in the context of poverty, control, ignorance of the environment by the population. In the societal system, that is, in the context of the core components of culture, as well as the social layers.
Abstrak
Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan yaitu (1) menjelaskan keadaan kordial pada sekelompok manusia yang ada pada naskah drama Max Arifin yang berjudul Badai Sepanjang Malam, (2) menjelaskan masalah-masalah sosial yang kemudian dikritik pada naskah drama Max Arifin yang berjudul Badai Sepanjang Malam. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan sosiologi sastra dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek yang digunakan adalah naskah drama Max Arifin yang berjudul Badai Sepanjang Malam yang terdapat dalam kumpulan drama anak remaja yang diterbitkan oleh Gramedia di Jakarta tahun 1988. Teknik yang digunakan untuk memperoleh data yaitu teknik baca dan catat. Hasil penelitian adalah sebagai berikut. Latar waktu dan tempat naskah drama Badai Sepanjang Malam terjadi di desa Klaulan, Lombok. Pada tahun 1988. Kritik sosial dalam naskah drama Badai Sepanjang Malam yaitu proses sosial, perubahan sosial, masalah sosial, struktur sosial. Pada proses sosial berupa akomodasi, kerjasama dan pertentangan. Pada perubahan sosial adanya pola pikir, pola sikap dan pola perilaku, geografis yang mempengaruhi. Pada masalah sosial yaitu berupa kemiskinan, kekuasaan, ketidak pedulian masyarakat dengan lingkungan. Pada stuktur sosial yaitu berupa unsur-unsur sosial yang pokok, serta lapisan-lapisan sosial.
Kata kunci : Naskah drama, Kritik sosial, Sosiologi Sastra
KRITIK SOSIAL POTRET PEMBANGUNAN DALAM PUISI KARYA W.S. RENDRA
Authors: Ayuningrum Syamzah 
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this research is to describe the form of social criticism theme in poetry anthology, Portrait of Development in Poetry by W.S. Rendra. Overall the poetry anthology Portrait of Development in Poetry by W.S. Rendra consists of twenty-five poems, but the writer took fifteen poetry titles as the data source. Meanwhile, the research data were obtained from words, phrases and sentences from the stanzas and arrays of the fifteen poetry titles. This research was conducted using a qualitative descriptive method and a sociological literature approach. Based on data analysis in this study, it can be found that the theme of social criticism and the concept of social criticism in a collection of development portrait poetry in the poetry by W.S. Rendra. This is evidenced in the data that has been found and studied discussing issues of social power, political power, political ideology, poverty, corruption, and education.
Abstrak
Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan wujud tema kritik sosial dalam antologi puisi Potret Pembangunan dalam Puisi karya sastra W.S. Rendra. Secara keseluruhan antologi puisi Potret Pembangunan dalam Puisi karya W.S. Rendra terdiri dari dua puluh lima puisi, tetapi penulis mengambil lima belas judul puisi sebagai sumber data. Sedangkan data penelitian diperoleh dari kata, frase dan kalimat dari bait dan larik dari kelima belas judul puisi tersebut. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dan dengan pendekatan sosiologi sastra. Berdasarkan analisis data dalam penelitian ini dapat ditemukan wujud tema kritik sodial dan konsep kritik sosial dalam kumpulan puisi potret pembangunan dalam puisi karya W.S. Rendra. Hal ini dibuktikan dalam data-data yang telah ditemukan serta dikaji membahas tentang masalah kekuasaan sosial, kekuasan politik, ideologi politik, kemiskinan, korupsi, dan pendidikan
Kata Kunci: Kritik Sosial, Kajian Sosiologi Sastra
METAKOGNISI : ADAKAH PERBEDAAN SISWA MELANKOLIS DAN KOLERIS ?
Authors: Dani Hanifatuzzahra  , Harina Fitriyani  
Published: July 2021

This study aims to obtain an overview of the characteristics and levels of metacognitive ability of junior high school students as seen from the melancholic and choleric personality types according to Hippocrates-Galenus. The results of this study are expected to be used as consideration for teachers in designing mathematics lessons that pay attention to personality types and students' metacognitive processes. A qualitative descriptive approach was chosen to answer the research objectives. At the same time, the research subjects were two grade VII students with melancholic and choleric personality types in one of the Muhammadiyah Junior High Schools in Jepara. The purposive sampling technique used in this research to subject selection. Data collection techniques used personality type questionnaires, metacognition tests, and interviews. Data analysis used three steps, namely data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. The results showed that melancholic and choleric students had different characteristics and levels of metacognition. Melancholic students are at the metacognitive level between tacit use and aware use, while the rest of the cholerics are at the tacit use metacognition level.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran tentang karakteristik dan jenjang kemampuan metakognisi siswa SMP yang dilihat dari tipe kepribadian melankolis dan koleris menurut Hippocrates-Galenus. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan pertimbangan guru dalam mendesain pembelajaran matematika yang memperhatikan tipe kepribadian dan proses metakognisi siswa. Pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dipilih untuk menjawab tujuan penelitian. Sedangkan subjek penelitian adalah dua orang siswa kelas VII yang bertipe kepribadian melankolis dan koleris di salah satu SMP Muhammadiyah di Jepara. Adapun teknik pemilihan subjek penelitian menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan angket tipe kepribadian, tes metakognisi, dan wawancara. Analisis data menggunakan tiga langkah yakni reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siswa melankolis dan koleris memiliki karakteristik dan jenjang metakognisi berbeda. Siswa melankolis berada pada jenjang metakognisi antara tacit use dan aware use, sedangkan sisa koleris berada pada jenjang metakognisi tacit use.
Kata Kunci: Metakognisi, Melankolis, Koleris, Jenjang Metakognisi
ANALISIS MOTIVASI BELAJAR SISWA DI SD NEGERI BUKIT TIGA ACEH TIMUR
Authors: Fadillah Nurul , Ida Safitri  
Published: July 2021

Good learning is created because of the good motivation given by a teacher to students. Motivation already exists in humans but it emerges because of encouragement, one of which is from a teacher who always provides direction, attention and always encourages students so that students always learn to be successfull people later. This research was conducted at SD Negeri Bukit Tiga Aceh Timur with the sample of the study were fifth grade students of SDN Bukit Tiga. The method used in this research is descriptive survey technique. The data collection instruments used in this study were validation instrument sheet, learning outcomes test, quetionnaires and observation sheets. The result showed that the most chosen motivation given by teachers to students in science learning at SDN Bukit Tiga was the giving of prizes (Rewards) with veri high learning motivation (MBST) followed by attention that had high learning motivation (MBT) and giving punishmant with hig learning motivation (MBT).
Abstrak
Pembelajaran yang baik tercipta karena adanya motivasi yang baik yang diberikan oleh seorang guru kepada siswa. Motivasi memang sudah ada dalam diri manusia tetapi kemunculannya terjadi karena adanya dorongan, salah satunya dari seorang guru yang selalu memberikan arahan, perhatian dan selalu memberikan semangat kepada siswa agar siswa selalu belajar menjadi orang yang berhasil nantinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui motivasi belajar terhadap hasil belajar siswa. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SD Negeri Bukit Tiga Aceh Timur dengan sampel penelitian adalah siswa kelas V SDN Bukit Tiga. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dengan teknik survey. Instrumen pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah lembar instrumen validasi, tes hasil belajar, angket dan lembar observasi. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa motivasi yang paling banyak dipilih yang diberikan oleh guru kepada siswa dalam pembelajaran IPA di SDN Bukit Tiga adalah pemberian hadiah (Reward) yang memiliki motivasi belajar sangat tinggi (MBST) disusul dengan perhatian yang memiliki motivasi belajar tinggi (MBT), dan pemberian hukuman (Punishment) yang memiliki motivasi belajar tinggi (MBT).
Kata Kunci: Motivasi, Pembelajaran IPA, Jenis Motivasi