bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polar aerosol characterization, sources and impacts
Authors: SONBAWNE S.M. , DEVARA P.C.S. , REDDY R.C. , SAFAI P.D. , SALVEKAR P.S. 
Published: December 2021

Aerosols are known to cause important effects on weather and climate of Polar Regions and their radiation balance of the polar surface-atmosphere system, especially in the regions characterized by high surface-reflectance conditions, which also prevails the heterogeneous chemistry of aerosols. Therefore, the knowledge of the aerosol physical and optical properties needs to be improved on both spatial and temporal scales. To characterize these physico-chemical and optical properties, studies have been carried out over both the polar regions [Antarctica (‘Maitri’ (70.76oS, 11.74oE) and Arctic “Himadri” (79°N, 11°E) during the summer period of 24th (2004-05), 26th (2006-07) Indian Antarctica Expedition, and during 14th Indian Arctic Expedition in 2010. Total column aerosol optical depth (AOD), ozone (TCO), precipitable water content (PWC), and direct radiative forcing using a multi-channel solar-radiometer (Microtops II); and short-wave global radiative flux using a wide-band pyranometer for their characteristics. In the Arctic, an Andersen Sampler, Black Carbon Aethalometer was also operated to determine the chemical properties of aerosols.
The aerosol optical, physical and radiative properties, and their interface with simultaneously measured gases and their chemical composition have been investigated. The results showed that the daily mean AOD at a characteristic wavelength of 500 nm was found to be 0.042 with an average Angstrom coefficient of 0.24, revealing abundance of coarse-mode particles in Antarctica, and Arctic average AOD was observed 0.11 with an average Angstrom coefficient of 2.84, suggesting fine-mode particles. The TCO measured by the surface-based ozone monitor matched reasonably within 5% with that of the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) satellite sensor. Variability in ozone on daily scale, during the study period, was less than 4% over the Antarctica region and more or less same for Arctic.
The January 2005 fluxes were found to be less by about 20% as compared to those in February 2005. The average short-wave direct radiative forcing due to aerosols showed cooling at the surface with an average value of -0.47 W/m2 during the study period. In this paper, we briefly describe the equipment deployed, data archival, their analysis techniques and salient results obtained over the Indian polar stations, ‘Maitri’ and ‘Himadri’.
Signature of ice melt over the Greenland derived from MSMR (OCEANSAT-1) data
Authors: SHARMA N. , DASH M.K. , VYAS N.K. , BHANDARI S.M. , PANDEY P.C. , KHARE N. 
Published: December 2021

In order to monitor the impact of global warming phenomena over the Polar Regions, it is necessary to monitor snow/ice melt on the Greenland and the Antarctic ice sheets. Using MSMR data, it is possible to differentiate sea ice at different concentration levels. On the basis of microwave emissivities of continental ice and sea ice, useful information on the formation and melting of the ice can be derived.
The paper discusses different strategies to derive a melt signal from the MSMR observations for the continental ice sheets in Greenland. The Polarization Difference (PD) for 21 GHz, available from MSMR data, is studied and an appropriate threshold is selected to detect the presence of melt signal. The results of the present study have bearing on climate changes.
INVENTÁRIO ARBÓREO DE TRÊS PRAÇAS DO MUNICÍPIO DE DOIS CÓRREGOS, SÃO PAULO, BRASIL
Authors: De Freitas Ana Paula , Fregolente Faracco Mazziero Frederico , Arias Galastri Natália 
Published: December 2021

As praças são um importante componente das áreas urbanas, trazendo diversos benefícios à população e à fauna. Além disso, são locais que permitem maior liberdade na implantação de projetos de arborização urbana que, se bem realizados, não acarretam em problemas e gastos futuros. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar o inventário arbóreo das três praças da região central do Município de Dois Córregos. Nas três praças inventariadas foram registrados 322 indivíduos arbóreos pertencentes a 48 espécies distribuídas em 24 famílias e 45 gêneros. As famílias Fabaceae (9 spp. – 18,7%), Bignoniaceae (5 spp. – 10,4%), Arecaceae e Moraceae (4 spp. – 8,3% cada) foram as mais representativas. A espécie Cenostigma pluviosum (sibipiruna) apresentou a maior frequência, correspondendo a 16,1% do total de indivíduos amostrados. No entanto, 40 espécies apresentaram frequência inferior a 2,2% e foram consideradas raras. Apenas oito espécies foram encontradas em todas as praças: Bauhinia variegata (pata-de-vaca), Delonix regia (flamboyant), Dypsis lutescens (areca-bambu), Eugenia uniflora (pitangueira), Handroanthus heptaphyllus (ipê-roxo), Ligustrum lucidum (alfeneiro), Nectandra megapotamica (canelinha) e Cenostigma pluviosum (sibipiruna). Constatou-se que 60,4% das espécies são exóticas do Brasil. Portanto, fica evidente que apesar de uma riqueza de espécies considerável, o alto número de espécies exóticas aliado à alta frequência de algumas espécies podem trazer problemas no futuro.
University rankings as knowledge organization systems
Authors: Guimarães José Augusto , Holland Helber , Campbell Grant 
Published: December 2021

Considering the knowledge organization system as a core issue in the knowledge organization field, this paper focuses on international university rankings as a new incarnation of KOS through an analysis of their classificatory nature. For this, three important international university rankings are analyzed: THE, Shanghai, and QS in terms of their notation, facets, citation order, editions, and updating. The results confirm their classificatory nature as essentially faceted systems whose structure is derived from specific contextual slants and whose dynamic updating process leads to a constant remodeling of the structure and the weight of the facets.
Keywords: Knowledge Organization Systems. University Ranking.; Classificatory structures.
Effects of Rhodiola rosea on indomethacin-induced gastric injury
Authors: OKKAY Irmak Ferah , OKKAY Ufuk , KARATAS Ozhan 
Published: December 2021

Objective: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of Rhodiola rosea in the indomethacin-induced ulcer model in rats and to clarify the underlying mechanisms of action.
Methods: Rats in treatment groups were treated with Rhodiola rosea (RR) 14 days. Peptic ulcer was induced by indomethacin (IND) injection (100 mg/kg, p.o.). The groups (n = 6) were designed as; Group I (control); Group II (IND): After 24h of food starvation, rats were given only 100 mg/kg IND by oral gavage to induce gastric mucosal injury. Group III (ESO): Rats were pretreated with 20 mg/kg of ESO for 14 consecutive days by oral gavage. Group IV (RR): Rats were pretreated with 500 mg/kg RR for 14 consecutive days with oral gavage.
Results: Rhodiola rosea effectively alleviated indomethacin-induced ulcer via reduction in oxidative stress (decreased MDA and increased SOD, and GSH). Moreover, Rhodiola rosea alleviated indomethacin-induced damage by regulating expressions of COX enzymes, prostaglandin E2, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cell proliferation, apoptosis and regulated the NF-κB signaling pathway. Rhodiola rosea also attenuated inflammatory injury by suppressing TNF-𝛼𝛼, IL-1β, and NF-κB. The caspase-3 expression was also down-regulated in stomach tissues.
Conclusions: In conclusion, Rhodiola rosea protected the gastric mucosa from harmful effects of indomethacin and as a natural medicinal herb, Rhodiola rosea might be a potential therapeutic agent for preventing and treating indomethacin-induced gastric damage.
The Association Between Weight Loss and Platelet Markers in Morbidly Obese Patients
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Gamze , ASLANER AK Müzeyyen , ERTOP Sehmus 
Published: December 2021

Objective: To examine the association of weight loss achieved through obesity treatment with platelet number and markers (mean platelet volume, MPV; plateletcrit, PCT; platelet/lymphocyte ratio, PLR; and platelet distribution width, PDW) in morbidly obese patients.
Methods: A total of 300 patients diagnosed with morbid obesity between 2017 and 2019 were included in this retrospective study. Weight at baseline and 6 months, body mass index (BMI), complete blood count (platelet, lymphocyte, plateletcrit, platelet/lymphocyte ratio, and platelet distribution width), and demographic data were evaluated.
Results: A total of 300 morbidly obese patients with a BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2 were included. A weight loss of ≥ 10% was considered “significant”, and a weight loss of < 10% was considered insignificant. A significant decrease in platelet number was found in association with weight loss (p < 0.05), as were the changes in PCT and PLR. These findings suggest that platelet markers PCT and PLR may be associated with the degree of weight loss.
Conclusion: Our results suggest that platelet markers simply obtained through a complete blood count may be utilized in the treatment and follow-up of obesity, which may lead to a number of different conditions such as coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular events, and myocardial infarction through predisposition to thrombosis.
Pragmatismus bez metafyziky?
Authors: Sobek Tomáš 
Published: December 2021

Tento článek má dvě části, které spolu úzce souvisejí. Obě se týkají vztahu metafyziky a pragmatismu v morálním kontextu. První část reaguje na text Marka Káčera „Načo sa trápiť s otázkou existencie ľudských práv?“, který obhajuje pragmatismus v protikladu k ontologickému přístupu. Káčer, inspirován Rudolfem Carnapem, tvrdí, že ontologickou otázku, zda opravdu existuje X, bychom měli nahradit praktickou otázkou, zda je užitečné přijmout jazykový systém, který umožňuje mluvit o X. Ve své reakci se pokusím ukázat, že opozice mezi ontologickým a pragmatickým přístupem není tak ostrá, jak ji autor prezentuje. Už samotné myšlení o tom, co by mohlo a mělo být, vytváří ontologické závazky. Tuto skutečnost se pokusím ilustrovat na touze po férovosti ve vztahu k morálnímu pojmu potenciální osoby. Ontologické závazky jsou nedílnou součástí praktické orientace člověka ve světě a v tomto smyslu je ontologický přístup slučitelný s pragmatismem. Druhá část reaguje na jiný text stejného autora, který se také věnuje úloze metafyziky při zdůvodňování lidských práv. Káčer zde používá Humovu tezi, aby ukázal omezený význam metafyziky pro zdůvodnění lidských práv. Snažím se ukázat, že Humova teze, ve své netriviální verzi, je spíše metafyzickou tezí než logickým zákonem. Nicméně, navrhuji způsob, jak se s tímto problémem vyrovnat v pojmech Káčerova pragmatismu.
Two new species in the Russula (Russulaceae, Basidiomycota) crown clade from Indian Himalaya
Authors: Ghosh Aniket , Das Kanad , Buyck Bart 
Published: December 2021

Two species, namely Russula adwanitekae A.Ghosh, K.Das & Buyck sp. nov. and Russula purpureozonata K.Das, A.Ghosh & Buyck sp. nov. are proposed herein as new mushroom taxa from the Indian Himalaya based on their morphological features and ITS-based phylogenetic inferences. Both species belong to the crown clade of Russula subgenus Russula but with affinities to different subsections, viz. subsect. Laricinae Romagn. and subsect. Decolorantes Maire, respectively. Russula adwanitekae sp. nov. was collected in mixed temperate forests where it is most likely associated with conifers. It is distinct from several similarly looking, small, mild species with dark spore print and reddish lilac, orchid purple or greyish to deep magenta colored pileus in subsect. Laricinae by its sequence data (nrITS) or geographic distribution. Russula purpureozonata sp. nov. associates with Abies densa Griff., and possesses all typical features of Decolorantes, viz. the amyloid suprahilar spot on the spores, presence of pileogloeocystidia, the reddening then blackening context, equal lamellae and colored spore print. It reminds of North American R. californiensis Burl. and R. magna Beardslee under the microscope but has distinctly smaller spores and differs further in the unique coloration and concentrically zonated pileus margin. Macro- and micromorphological features are illustrated for both species. Their habitats, distributions and relationships with allied species are discussed.
Virtual Museum Experience for Critical Thinking Development: First Results from the National Gallery of Art (MOOC, US)
Authors: Poce Antonella 
Published: December 2021

In recent years, the use of innovative learning strategies within museum education contexts has been considerably supported by the use of digital technologies, especially in terms of critical thinking enhancement. As underlined by several studies in the field, the aesthetic experience is particularly effective in terms of reflection skills promotion, critical interpretation and analysis, both at individual and group level, as well as personal and creative reinterpretation (Biasi, Patrizi, & Fagioli, 2020). The present paper describes a research conducted within the MOOC «Teaching Critical Thinking through Art», created by the National Gallery of Art in Washington (DC), under the scientific supervision of the Harvard Project Zero researchers, pioneers of Visual Thinking Strategies within the museum context. The paper is aimed at illustrating the results of a content analysis conducted on the forum section of the above-mentioned MOOC during the 2020 edition. In particular, 163 posts from the «See/think/wonder» activity were assessed by two human evaluators using two different Critical Thinking evaluation tools (Garrison, Anderson, & Archer, 2001; Poce, 2017). In addition, specific analyses were carried out selected users’ writing activities in order to identify possible positive correlations between the characteristics of forum posts and the critical thinking skills solicited.
Strategie e strumenti di valutazione formativa per promuovere l’apprendimento autoregolato: una rassegna ragionata delle ricerche empiriche
Authors: Scierri Irene 
Published: December 2021

The area of research into the relationship between formative assessment and self-regulated learning is well established. Several studies have explored the connection between assessment and self-regulated learning, but the literature shows that there are still several lines of research to be explored, including examining which formative assessment practices actually help students improve their self-regulation skills and under which conditions. The paper presents a reasoned review of empirical studies, with experimental or quasi-experimental research design, that have examined the effect of formative assessment practices on self-regulated learning. The target population includes students from all levels of education. It was possible to classify two different ways of implementing formative assessment practices: a global approach and an analytical approach. Most of the reviewed studies recorded significant positive effects on self-regulation. The results and implications for future research are discussed.
Transcultural perspectives in Teaching Children's Horror Films
Authors: Kovanen Marjo , Kotilainen Sirkku 
Published: December 2021

Transcultural perspective has recently raised more academic attention due to the internationalization of higher education and migration all over the globe. Thus the objective of the paper is to open the discussion on film education, especially teaching children’s horror films from the transcultural perspectives through an empirical case study among university students in media education. We concentrate on students attitudes and perception on children´s horror from the perspective of film education. Our question is, how to increase the students understanding of children´s horror culture and pedagogies related to it? The paper consists of the first research results based on the course including lecturers’ research diaries, students' interviews, their film life studies and practical assignments such as films made during the two-week workshop.

The preliminary results show that the perceptions and attitudes vary a lot depending on cultural backgrounds. Students’ pre-understandings of film culture and film literacy as a pedagogical practice mostly were professional-oriented and colored with the aesthetic perception on film. The most visible impact of the course was the minds-opening for wider understanding of film as education and uses of film in teaching. Taking up the aspects of children´s horror in the course was surprising, even irrelevant to students: they didn´t expect this kind of perspective at all. As a result the course was able to create open, safe spaces for reflection and changing students’ mindsets. Based on the results, situated approaches to film education is suggested to reinforce multiliteracy model with creation of safe space for discussion and supplementing emotional skills.
Ploidy level enhances the photosynthetic capacity of a tetraploid variety of Acer buergerianum Miq.
Authors: Wang Yi , Jia Bingyu , Ren Hongjian , Feng Zhen 
Published: December 2021

Background
Polyploidy plays an important role in plant breeding and has widespread effects on photosynthetic capacity. To determine the photosynthetic capacity of the tetraploid variety Acer buergerianum Miq. ‘Xingwang’, we compared the gas exchange parameters, chloroplast structure, chlorophyll contents, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters between the tetraploid Acer buergerianum ‘Xingwang’ and the diploid ‘S4’. To evaluate the effects of genome duplication on the photosynthetic capacity of Acer buergerianum ‘Xingwang’, the transcriptomes of the autotetraploid ‘Xingwang’ and the diploid ‘S4’ of A. buergerianum were compared.

Methods
The ploidy of Acer buergerianum ‘Xingwang’ was identified by flow cytometry and the chromosome counting method. An LI-6800 portable photosynthesis system analyzer was used to assess the gas exchange parameters of the tetraploid variety ‘Xingwang’ and diploid variety ‘S4’ of A. buergerianum. We used a BioMate 3S ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer and portable modulated fluorometer to measure the chlorophyll contents and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, respectively, of ‘Xingwang’ and ‘S4’. Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology was used to identify the differences in the genes involved in the photosynthetic differences and determine their expression characteristics.

Results
The single-cell DNA content and chromosome number of the tetraploid ‘Xingwang’ were twice those found in the normal diploid ‘S4’. In terms of gas exchange parameters, the change in stomatal conductance, change in intercellular CO2 concentration, transpiration rate and net photosynthetic rate of ‘Xingwang’ were higher than those of the diploid ‘S4’. The chlorophyll contents, the maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII and the potential photochemical efficiency of PSII in ‘Xingwang’ were higher than those of ‘S4’. The chloroplasts of ‘Xingwang’ contained thicker thylakoid lamellae. By the use of Illumina sequencing technology, a total of 51,807 unigenes were obtained; they had an average length of 1,487 nt, and the average N50 was 2,034 nt. The lengths of most of the unigenes obtained ranged from 200–300 bp, with an average value of 5,262, followed by those longer than 3,000 bp, with an average value of 4,791. The data revealed numerous differences in gene expression between the two transcriptomes. In total, 24,221 differentially expressed genes were screened, and the percentage of differentially expressed genes was as high as 46.75% (24,224/51,807), of which 10,474 genes were upregulated and 13,747 genes were downregulated. We analyzed the key genes in the photosynthesis pathway and the porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism pathway; the upregulation of HemB may promote an increase in the chlorophyll contents of ‘Xingwang’, and the upregulation of related genes in PSII and PSI may enhance the light harvesting of ‘Xingwang’, increasing its light energy conversion efficiency.
Analysis of Fatality of Cases by the New Coronavirus, in the Mexican State of Guanajuato: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Padilla-Raygoza Nicolas , Flores-Vargas Gilberto , Navarro-Olivos Efraín , Gallardo-Luna María de Jesús , Magos-Vazquez Francisco Javier , Diaz-Martinez Daniel Alberto 
Published: December 2021

Aims: COVID-19 has been a big public health challenge around the world in the past several months. The aim of this study is to describe the epidemic and report of fatality of confirmed cases of COVID-19 in the Mexican state of Guanajuato, until October 2, 2020.
Study Design: Cross-sectional, quantitative, analytical study.
Place and Duration of Study: Registries of confirmed cases for COVID-19 in Mexican population from January until October 2, 2020, from National System of Epidemiological Surveillance/ General Direction of Epidemiology/ Secretary of Health, Mexico.
Methodology: Based on the National Epidemiological Surveillance System Database from Mexico was used in this study. Data were collected on age, sex, comorbidities (i.e., diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, immunosuppression, chronic kidney disease, obesity, and smoking), date of death, and real-time reverse transcription polymerase test results. Statistical analyses used were Case Fatality Ratio, Chi- squared test and P-value to show relationships among variables. Odds Ratio and confidence intervals at 95% were reported to show the effect of comorbidities on death due to COVID-19. Also, a Bayesian network model was fitted to assess the statistical dependence among risk factors, comorbidities, and death.
Results: There were 100,109 suspected cases, of which 41.69% were positive for SARS-CoV-2. Being older than 60 and male had a higher effect on fatality by COVID-19. In Guanajuato state, 1,457 (48.68%) of deaths occurred in Mexican Institute of Social Security, with a case fatality ratio of 15.63%; meanwhile, in the Ministry of Health from Guanajuato State occurred 1,260 (42.10%) of the deaths with a case fatality ratio of 4.14%. Diabetes (OR 5.16, CI95% 4.77–5.59), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR 6.34, CI95% 5.37–7.49), immunosuppression (OR 2.85, CI95% 2.17–3.76), cardiovascular disease (OR 4.20, CI95% 3.51–5.02), hypertension (OR 4.74, CI95% 4.39–5.11), chronic kidney disease (OR 6.27, CI95% 5.30–7.42), obesity (OR 1.87, CI95% 1.72–2.03), and smoking (OR 1.60, CI95% 1.41–1.81) had effect on death by COVID-19. Asthma had a preventive effect on death (OR=0.72, CI95% 0.54–0.97), but this effect is diluted after adjusting by sex and age. In all cases, age and sex, acted as confounder.
Conclusion: Among the Guanajuato population with COVID-19, the main risk factor for dying were age and sex. However, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunosuppression, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, obesity, and smoking are risk factors for dying. Although, comorbidities and risk factors are highly correlated. HIV/AIDS has no effect on fatality from SARS-CoV-2 disease and whereas asthma shows to be a protective factor.