bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross-national Comparisons of Health Indicators Require Standardized Definitions and Common Data Sources
Authors: Tolonen Hanna , Reinikainen Jaakko , Koponen Päivikki , Elonheimo Hanna , Palmieri Luigi , Tijhuis Mariken J 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background Health indicators are used to monitor the health status and determinants of health of the population and population sub-groups, identify existing or emerging health problems which would require prevention and health promotion activities, help to target health care resources in the most adequate way as well as for evaluation of the success of public health actions both at the national and international level. The quality and validity of the health indicator depends both on available data and used indicator definition. In this study we will evaluate existing knowledge about comparability of different data sources for definition of health indicators, compare how selected health indicators presented in different international databases possibly differ, and finally, present the results from a case study from Finland on comparability of health indicators derived from different data sources at national level. Methods For comparisons, four health indicators were selected that were commonly available in international databases and available for the Finnish case study, were selected. These were prevalence of obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and asthma in the adult populations. Our evaluation has three parts: 1) a scoping review of the latest literature, 2) comparison of the prevalences presented in different international databases, and 3) a case study using data from Finland.Results Literature shows that comparability of estimated outcomes for health indicators using different data sources such as self-reported questionnaire data from surveys, measured data from surveys or data from administrative health registers, varies between indicators. Also, the case study from Finland showed that diseases which require regular health care visits such as diabetes, comparability is high while for health outcomes which can remain asymptomatic for a long time such as hypertension, comparability is lower. In different international health related databases, country specific results differ due to variations in the used data sources but also due to differences in indicator definitions.Conclusions Reliable comparison of the health indicators over time and between regions within a country or across the countries requires common indicator definitions, similar data sources and standardized data collection methods.
Enhanced Hexokinase 2 Expression and Lactate Production Promote The Apoptosis of Dopaminergic Neurons in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Li Jingyi , Chen Longmin , Qin Qixiong , Wang Danlei , Zhao Jingwei , Gao Hongling , Yuan Xiao , Zhang Jing , Zou Yuan , Mao Zhijuan , Xiong Yongjie , Min Zhe , Yan Manli , Wang Congyi , Xue Zheng 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by impaired mitochondrial function and decreased ATP levels. Glycolysis is upregulated and lactate production is enhanced in PD. Since lactate promotes apoptosis and α-synuclein accumulation in neurons, we hypothesized that the increased lactate resulted from upregulated glycolysis is involved in the apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons in PD.Methods: We examined the expression of hexokinase 2 (HK2) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), the key enzymes in glycolysis, and lactate levels in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) of MPTP-induced mouse model of PD and in MPP+-treated SH-SY5Y cells. We investigated the role of HK2, lactate and AMPK pathway in the apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons by intervened with 3-Brpa, the HK2 inhibitor, in in vivo and in vitro systems.Results: We found that the expression of HK2 and LDHA, and lactate levels were markedly increased in brain SNpc of MPTP-treated mouse and in MPP+-treated SH-SY5Y cells. Meanwhile, the apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons in the mouse model and the apoptosis of the SH-SY5Y in vitro system were increased. Intriguingly, using HK2 inhibitor or siRNA can decrease the lactate levels and suppressed the apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons both in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, lactate increased the activity of adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK), and suppressed the phosphorylation of serine/threonine kinase 1 (Akt) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Conclusion：Inhibition of HK2 ameliorate the apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons through downregulating the lactate production and AMPK/ Akt/ mTOR pathway activation in PD.
Integrated Drought Evaluation Index: Considering The Feedback of The Soil Ecological Environment on Wheat
Authors: Li Yanbin , Wang Yuexiong , Li Daoxi , Guo Jiawei , Du Xuefang , Wang xiaodong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
With the acceleration of climate instability, drought is causing increasing losses that seriously threaten food security in China. In consideration of the feedback of the ecological environment vulnerability on drought, this study selects the temperature vegetation dryness index to evaluate the boundaries of the regional ecological drought index and integrates many factors, such as precipitation, temperature and human activities, from the four aspects of natural disaster risk management — hazard, vulnerability, exposure and resistance—to establish an integrated drought evaluation index for wheat (IDEIW). The results showed that drought was the main reason for the observed decrease in wheat production of Anyang city, as the most severe water shortages occurred during the physiological water demand period of wheat from March to May. Precipitation scarcities were concentrated throughout the north of the study region, where drought was most frequent and severe. There were highly positive spatial correlations between the IDEIW and the annual yield reduction rate of wheat in dry years, whose bivariate Moran's I values reached 0.39, 0.42, 0.31 and 0.38 in the 2002, 2005, 2011 and 2016, respectively; further, the yield reduction rate increased with drought aggregation. This study clearly demonstrates that, in terms of availability, precision and sensitivity, the IDEIW, which is stronger and stabilizing than the temperature vegetation dryness index and the standardized precipitation index, can be used as an important tool to assess and monitor dynamic variations in agricultural drought and provide a new means for the early warning and forecast management of agricultural drought.
Identification and Verification of a Four-Gene Signature Predicting Overall Survival for Cervical Cancer
Authors: Yuan Lu , Li Guoqing , Sun Guoqiang , Cao Dongmei 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background. Cervical cancer is one of the most common gynecological malignancies, ranking fourth for both incidence and mortality in women worldwide. Early screening and treatment have significantly reduced the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer. Many studies have shown that cervical cancer still presents a high risk of death from recurrence and metastasis. However, due to the complex molecular mechanisms of tumor progression, the predictive power of traditional clinical information is limited. In order to improve the survival rate of patients with cervical cancer, establishing an effective molecular model to assess prognosis of patients and guide clinical treatment are very important. Results. four-gene signature comprising PLOD2, SPON1, SPP1, RNASEH2A was established to predict overall survival of cervical cancer. The ROC curve indicated good performance of the four-gene signature at predicting overall survival in the TCGA dataset. The four-gene signature classify patients into high-risk and low-risk groups with distinct overall survival. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression revealed that the four-gene signature was an independent prognostic factor in cervical cancer.Conclusion. Our study developed a four-gene signature that reliably predict overall survival in cervical cancer. The findings may be beneficial to individualized clinical treatment and timely follow-up.
First Trimester Maternal Cortisol Signatures in Small-for-gestational Age
Authors: Lee Chaelin , Lee Seung Mi , Byun Dong Jun , Kim So Yeon , Kim Hugh I. , Lee Do Yup , Jung Young Mi , Park Chan-Wook , Park Joong Shin , Choi Man Ho 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Abnormal maternal hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis is associated with fetal growth, and we hypothesized that the alteration in metabolic signatures of cortisol might be detectable during early pregnancy. The objective of this study was to identify predictable maternal serum signatures of cortisol metabolism during the first trimester of women who are expected to deliver small-for-gestational age (SGA) neonates.Methods: This prospective cohort study included 112 pregnant women (with and without SGA, n = 56 each). Maternal serum samples were collected at 10~14 gestational weeks to quantify the levels of cortisol and its precursors and metabolites by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.Results: Increased maternal serum levels of tetrahydrocortisol (THF, 11.82 ± 8.16 ng/mL vs. 7.51 ± 2.90 ng/mL, P < 0.005) and decreased 21-deoxycortisol (21-deoxyF, 2.98 ± 1.36 ng/mL vs. 4.33 ± 2.06 ng/mL, P < 0.0001) were observed in pregnant women carrying SGA fetus. In conjunction with individual steroid levels, metabolic ratios corresponding to the activity of related enzymes were calculated. In addition to increased THF/cortisol ratio (P < 0.006), the SGA group showed a significant increase in the two metabolic ratios including cortisol/11-deoxycortisol (F/11-deoxyF; P < 0.03) and cortisol/21-deoxycortisol (F/21-deoxyF; P < 0.0003) indicating cortisol biosynthesis. The ROC curve generated in combination with three variables of 21-deoxyF concentration and two metabolic ratios of F/21-deoxyF and THF/F resulted in AUC = 0.824 (95% confidence interval, 0.713 ~ 0.918). Conclusions: A significant decrease in maternal serum levels of 21-deoxyF and an increase in two metabolic ratios of F/21-deoxyF and THF/F, indicating cortisol biosynthetic rate, represent a reliable biomarker for the prediction of SGA in the first trimester.
Trametinib Monotherapy for the Treatment of Brain Metastasis From Non-small-cell Lung Cancer: a Case Report
Authors: Pan Tianfan , Huang Xiangzhong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: BRAF mutation mostly was observed in lung adenocarcinoma, accounting for about 4.9%. It mainly includes V600E mutation and other rare mutations, among which non-V600E positive accounted for about 43.3%. Case presentation: We report a case with postoperative recurrent NSCLC with brain metastasis and multiple lymph nodes metastasis, who had developed hemiplegia. The gene mutation was positive for BRAF non-V600E and a partial response was observed despite brain and multiple lymph nodes lesions after trametinib monotherapy. Conclusion: Our case shows that trametinib could potentially be a promising therapeutic agent for chemotherapy-refractory BRAF non-V600E mutant NSCLC patients.
Biochar Aerogel Decorated with Thiophene S Manipulated 5-membered Rings Boosts Nitrogen Fixation
Authors: Chen Xiaokang , Zhang Lijie , Xu Wenjia , Ding Xin , Chen Shuai , She Xilin , Guo Xiangxin , Dong Chung-Li , Huang Yucheng , Zhang Lixue , Shen Shaohua , Yang Dongjiang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Algae, which contains most of the marine biogenic sulfur (S), is the main producer of dimethylsulfide (DMS). The oxidation products of DMS (methanesulfonic acid (MSA) and non-sea salt sulfates (nss-SO42-)) are important contributors to acid rain acidity (~ 40%) and have great influence on global climate change and acid rain formation. The biogenic S of red algae mainly exists in carrageenan molecules, the polysaccharide extract of red algae. In this work, the carrageenan biogenic S was fixed into biochar aerogel (SCA) synchronically by pyrolysis with the assistance of the unique hydrogel property of carrageenan. During this process, 89% of C and 96% of marine biogenic S are preserved in SCA, efficiently preventing the loss of C and S element. More importantly, the thiophene S structure in SCA framework derived from the marine biogenic S could endow the carbon aerogel superior electrocatalysis activity by regulating the charge density of adjacent C atoms. For instance, thiophene S structure can promote the cleavage and protonation of N2 molecules and efficiently lower the energy barrier of the promote the protonation of N2, thus greatly enhance the activity of electrocatalytic NRR. This study provided a promising avenue for the synchronization fixation of marine biogenic S and C to reduce the the formation of acid rain and carbon dioxide emissions. It also developed a green and sustainable way to synthesize high-performance biochar materials for advanced energy conversion.
Apple Quality Identification and Classification by Computer Vision Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Li Yanfei , Feng Xianying , Liu Yandong , Han Xingchang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This work researched apple quality identification and classification from real images containing complicated disturbance information (background was similar to the surface of the apples). This paper proposed a novel model based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) which aimed at accurate and fast grading of apple quality. The proposed model was trained and validated, with best training and validation accuracy of 99% and 98.98% at 2590th and 3000th step, respectively. Two other methods, which were Google Inception v3 model and traditional imaging process method, were also used for apple quality classification. The greatest training accuracy of the Google Inception v3 model was 92% with 91.2% validation accuracy. The 78.14% accuracy was obtained by traditional method based on histogram of oriented gradient (HOG) and gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) features merging and support vector machine (SVM) classifier. The three models were tested using independent 300 apples testing set, getting accuracy of 95.33%, 91.33%, and 77.67%, respectively. The results showed that the proposed model was more helpful and accurate for classification of apple quality. Furthermore, the training times of three methods were 27, 51, and 287 minutes, respectively. The proposed model can be considered a cost-effective method for fast grading of apple quality.
A deep learning approach to predict inter-omics interactions in multi-layer networks
Authors: Borhani Niloofar , Ghaisari Jafar , Abedi Maryam , Kamali Marzieh , Gheisari Yousof 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Despite enormous achievements in production of high throughput datasets, constructing comprehensive maps of interactions remains a major challenge. The lack of sufficient experimental evidence on interactions is more significant for heterogeneous molecular types. Hence, developing strategies to predict inter-omics connections is essential to construct holistic maps of disease. Here, Data Integration with Deep Learning (DIDL), a novel nonlinear deep learning method is proposed to predict inter-omics interactions. It consists of an encoder that automatically extracts features for biomolecules according to existing interactions, and a decoder that predicts novel interactions. The applicability of DIDL is assessed with different networks namely drug-target protein, transcription factor-DNA element, and miRNA-mRNA. Also, the validity of novel predictions is assessed by literature surveys. Furthermore, DIDL outperformed state-of-the-art methods. Area under the curve, and area under the precision-recall curve for all three networks were more than 0.85 and 0.83, respectively. DIDL has several advantages like automatic feature extraction from raw data, end-to-end training, and robustness to sparsity. In addition, tensor decomposition structure, predictions solely based on existing interactions and biochemical data independence makes DIDL applicable for a variety of biological networks. DIDL paves the way to understand the underlying mechanisms of complex disorders through constructing integrative networks.
Electrochemical and Photoluminescence Response of Laser-induced Graphene/Electrodeposited ZnO Composites
Authors: Santos Nuno , Rodrigues Joana , Pereira Sónia , Fernandes António , Monteiro Teresa , Costa Florinda 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The inherent scalability, low production cost and mechanical flexibility of laser-induced graphene (LIG) combined with its high electrical conductivity, hierarchichal porosity and large surface area are appealing characteristics for many applications. Still, other materials can be combined with LIG to provide added functionalities and enhanced performance. This work exploits the most adequate electrodeposition parameters to produce LIG/ZnO nanocomposites. Low-temperature pulsed electrodeposition allowed the conformal and controlled deposition of ZnO rods deep inside the LIG pores whilst maintaining its inherent porosity, which constitute fundamental advances regarding other methods for LIG/ZnO composite production. Compared to bare LIG, the composites more than doubled electrode capacitance up to 1.41 mF.cm-2 in 1 M KCl, whilst maintaining long-term cycle stability, low ohmic losses and swift electron transfer. The composites also display a luminescence band peaked at the orange/red spectral region, with main excitation maxima at ~3.33 eV matching the expected for the ZnO bandgap. A pronounced sub-bandgap tail of states with an onset absorption near 3.07 eV indicates a high amount of surface states. This work shows that these environmentally sustainable multifunctional nanocomposites are valid alternatives for supercapacitors, electrochemical/optical biosensors and photocatalytic/photoelectrochemical devices.
An adaptive shortest-solution guided decimation approach to sparse high-dimensional linear regression
Authors: Yu Xue , Sun Yifan , Zhou Hai-Jun 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
High-dimensional linear regression model is the most popular statistical model for high-dimensional data, but it is quite a challenging task to achieve a sparse set of regression coefficients. In this paper, we propose a simple heuristic algorithm to construct sparse high-dimensional linear regression models, which is adapted from the shortest-solution guided decimation algorithm and is referred to as ASSD. This algorithm constructs the support of regression coefficients under the guidance of the least-squares solution of the recursively decimated linear equations, and it applies an early-stopping criterion and a second-stage thresholding procedure to refine this support. Our extensive numerical results demonstrate that ASSD outper-forms LASSO, vector approximate message passing, and two other representative greedy algorithms in solution accuracy and robustness. ASSD is especially suitable for linear regression problems with highly correlated measurement matrices encountered in real-world applications.
Advance Care Planning in Primary Care. A Retrospective Medical Record Study Among Patients With Different Illness Trajectories.
Authors: Bekker Yvonne A.C. , Suntjens A. , Engels Y. , Schers H. , Westert Gert P. , Groenewoud A. Stef 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundAdvance Care Planning (ACP) enables physicians to align healthcare with patients wishes, reduces burdensome life-prolonging medical interventions, and potentially improves the quality of life of patients in the last phase of life. However, little objective information is available about the extent to which structured ACP conversations are held in general practice. Our aim was to examine the documentation of ACP for patients with cancer, organ failure and multimorbidity in medical records (as a proxy for ACP application) in Dutch general practice. MethodsWe chose a retrospective medical record study design in seven primary care facilities. Medical records of 119 patients who died non-suddenly (55 cancer, 28 organ failure and 36 multimorbidity) were analysed. Other variables were: general characteristics, data on ACP documentation, correspondence between medical specialist and GP, and healthcare utilization in the last two years of life. ResultsIn 65% of the records, one or more ACP items was registered. Most often documented were aspects regarding euthanasia (35%), the preferred place of care and death (29%) and concerns and hopes towards the future (29%). Median timing of the first ACP conversation was 126 days before death. ACP was more often documented in patients with cancer (84%) than in those with organ failure (57%) or multimorbidity (42%) (p = 0,000). Patients with cancer had the most frequent (median 3 times, inter-quartile range (IQR) 2-5), and extensive (median 5 items, IQR 2-7) ACP consultations. ConclusionDocumentation of ACP items in medical records by GPs is present, but incomplete, especially in patients with multimorbidity or organ failure. We recommend more attention for, and documentation of ACP in daily practice in order to start anticipatory conversations in time, and to address the needs of all people living with advanced conditions in primary care.
Investigation of the process of structure formation of a material from a mixture of nepheline sludge and crushed stone with the addition of cement
Authors: Зубова О.В. , Силецкий В.В. 
Published: June 2021

Приведено теоретическое и экспериментальное обоснование применения щебеночных дорожных одежд, укрепленных нефелиновым шламом и цементом, для покрытий лесных терминалов. Цель данного исследования – подбор наиболее прочного, технологичного и экономически эффективного материала для погрузочных площадок и складов временного хранения лесоматериалов в связи с ростом частоты применения многоступенчатой вывозки древесины. Результаты исследования показали, что получаемый материал обладает высокой прочностью и водостойкостью, соответствует требованиям ГОСТ к материалам покрытий, в том числе погрузочных пунктов. Приведены рекомендации по дозировкам компонентов смеси.
The theoretical and experimental justification of the use of crushed stone road surfaces reinforced with nepheline sludge and cement for covering forest terminals is given. The purpose of this study is to select the most durable, technologically advanced and cost-effective material for loading platforms and temporary storage warehouses for timber due to the increasing frequency of multi-stage wood removal. The results of the study showed that the resulting material has high strength and water resistance, meets the requirements of GOST for coating materials, including loading points. Recommendations on the dosages of the components of the mixture are given.
Regional water cycle response to land use/cover change for a typical agricultural area, North China Plain
Authors: Li Chang , Wang Zhili , Lu Yongjun , Song Mingming 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Quantifying the influences of land use/cover (LULC) change on hydrological processes is important for rational utilization of water resources. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impacts of spatiotemporal LULC change on hydrological components in a typical agricultural area located in the North China Plain at both basin and sub-basin scales. LULC change was quantified, and the Soil and Water Assessment Tool was optimized using parameters associated with LULC conditions. We concluded that the urban and forest areas increased by 25.57 and 10.56%, with the cropland area decreased by 36.76%. About half of the surface runoff (SURQ) in the basin was generated from the urban area, with the SURQ increased significantly in the upstream and downstream of the basin where overlapped with urbanized areas. The proportions of evapotranspiration generated by cropland and forest areas increased slightly (0.89 and 0.55%, respectively), especially in sub-basins where the conversion of cropland to forest was obvious. Urban, forest, and cropland were the main types that generated water yield (WYLD). The proportion of WYLD generated on the urban area increased by 9.55% and decreased in other areas, which may be related to the combined effects of urbanization and forest reduction.