bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Medical Device and Therapeutic Approvals in Otolaryngology: State of the Art Review 2020
Authors: Brenner Michael J. , Shenson Jared A. , Rose Austin S. , Valdez Tulio A. , Takashima Masayoshi , Ahmed Omar G. , Weissbrod Philip A. , Hong Robert S. , Djalilian Hamid , Wolf Jeffrey S. , Morrison Robert J. , Santa Maria Peter L. , Erbele Isaac D. 
Published: November 2021

ObjectivesTo evaluate new drugs and devices relevant to otolaryngology–head and neck surgery that were approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2020.Data SourcesPublicly available device and therapeutic approvals from ENT (ear, nose, and throat), anesthesia, neurology (neurosurgery), and plastic and general surgery FDA committees.Review MethodsMembers of the American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery’s Medical Devices and Drugs Committee reviewed new therapeutics and medical devices from a query of the FDA’s device and therapeutic approvals. Two independent reviewers assessed the drug’s or device’s relevance to otolaryngology, classified to subspecialty field, with a critical review of available scientific literature.ConclusionsThe Medical Devices and Drugs Committee reviewed 53 new therapeutics and 1094 devices (89 ENT, 140 anesthesia, 511 plastic and general surgery, and 354 neurology) approved in 2020. Ten drugs and 17 devices were considered relevant to the otolaryngology community. Rhinology saw significant improvements around image guidance systems; indications for cochlear implantation expanded; several new monoclonal therapeutics were added to head and neck oncology’s armamentarium; and several new approvals appeared for facial plastics surgery, pediatric otolaryngology, and comprehensive otolaryngology.Implications for PracticeNew technologies and pharmaceuticals offer the promise of improving how we care for otolaryngology patients. However, judicious introduction of innovations into practice requires a nuanced understanding of safety, advantages, and limitations. Working knowledge of new drugs and medical devices approved for the market helps clinicians tailor patient care accordingly.
Didanosine-Associated Retinal Toxicity in a Patient With a Mutation in the CRB1 Gene
Authors: Lenis Tamara L. , Botsford Benjamin W. , Sarraf David , Papakostas Thanos D. 
Published: November 2021

Purpose: This article describes a case of didanosine (DDI)-associated retinal toxicity in a patient with a heterozygous pathogenic variant in the CRB1 gene. Methods: Case report. Results: A middle-aged patient with HIV controlled on HAART therapy, and a remote 10-year year history of treatment with DDI and tenofivir, presented with external ophthalmoplegia and well-circumscribed, midperipheral patterns of bilateral pigmentary retinopathy and chorioretinal atrophy in both eyes. Genetic testing revealed a heterozygous pathogenic variant in the CRB1 gene that encodes a protein (Crumbs homolog 1) involved in regulation of cell polarity and junctions and is localized adjacent to mitochondria in the ellipsoid and myoid area. Conclusions: This case highlights a potential role for genetic susceptibility to retinal toxicity in DDI-associated retinal toxicity. Large, prospective pharmacogenomics studies may be informative to further elucidate the role of genetic risk factors in drug-induced retinal toxicity.
The management and clinical knowledge of headache disorders among general practitioners in Norway: a questionnaire survey
Authors: Kristoffersen Espen Saxhaug , Faiz Kashif Waqar , Hansen Jakob Møller , Tronvik Erling Andreas , Frich Jan C. , Lundqvist Christofer , Winsvold Bendik Slagsvold 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
General practitioners (GPs) diagnose and manage a majority of headache patients seeking health care. With the aim to understand the potential for clinical improvement and educational needs, we performed a study to investigate Norwegian GPs knowledge about headache and its clinical management.

Methods
We invited GPs from a random sample of 130 Norwegian continuous medical education (CME) groups to respond to an anonymous questionnaire survey.

Results
367 GPs responded to the survey (73% of invited CME groups, 7.6% of all GPs in Norway). Mean age was 46 (SD 11) years, with an average of 18 (SD 10) years of clinical experience. In general the national treatment recommendations were followed, while the International Classification of Headache Disorders and other international guidelines were rarely used. Overall, 80% (n = 292) of the GPs suggested adequate prophylactic medication for frequent episodic migraine, while 28% (n = 101) suggested adequate prophylactic medication for chronic tension-type headache (CTTH). Half (52%, n = 191)) of the respondents were aware that different types of acute headache medication can lead to medication-overuse headache (MOH), and 59% (n = 217) knew that prophylactic headache medication does not lead to MOH. GPs often used MRI in the diagnostic work-up. GPs reported that lack of good treatment options was a main barrier to more optimized treatment of headache patients.

Conclusion
The knowledge of management of CTTH and MOH was moderate compared to migraine among Norwegian GPs.
Effects of resistance training in healthy older people with sarcopenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Chen Nan , He Xiangfeng , Feng Yuwei , Ainsworth Barbara E. , Liu Yu 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Objective
We conducted a meta-analysis to analyze the effects of resistance training on measures of body composition, muscle strength, and muscle performance in older people with sarcopenia.

Methods
All randomized controlled trials on the effects of resistance training on outcome variables in older people with sarcopenia were searched on Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang. Data from January 2010 to October 2020 were reviewed. Two researchers extracted data and evaluated the quality of the studies that met the inclusion criteria independently. Meta-analysis for pre-post changes were calculated as standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results
Fourteen studies meeting inclusion criteria included 561 healthy older adults (age 65.8 to 82.8) with sarcopenia. Compared with the control group, resistance training had positive effects on body fat mass (SMD = -0.53, 95% CI − 0.81 to − 0.25, p = 0.0002, I2 = 0%), handgrip strength (SMD = 0.81, 95%CI 0.35 to 1.27, p = 0.0005, I2 = 81%), knee extension strength (SMD = 1.26, 95% CI 0.72 to 1.80, p < 0.0001, I2 = 67%), gait speed (SMD = 1.28, 95%CI 0.36 to 2.19, p = 0.006, I2 = 89%), and the timed up and go test (SMD = -0.93, 95% CI − 1.30 to − 0.56, p < 0.0001, I2 = 23%). Resistance training had no effects on appendicular skeletal muscle mass (SMD = 0.25, 95% CI − 0.27 to 0.78, p = 0.35, I2 = 68%), skeletal muscle mass (SMD = 0.27, 95% CI − 0.02 to 0.56, p = 0.07, I2 = 0%) and leg lean mass (SMD = 0.12, 95% CI − 0.25 to 0.50, p = 0.52, I2 = 0%). Old people with sarcopenia of different ages, genders or diagnostic criteria and weights have different gains in muscle mass, handgrip strength, knee extension strength and muscle performance after different intervention duration, frequencies, mode and intensity resistance training.

Conclusion
Resistance training is an effective treatment to improve body fat mass, muscle strength, and muscle performance in healthy older people with sarcopenia.
ANINet: a deep neural network for skull ancestry estimation
Authors: Pengyue Lin , Siyuan Xia , Yi Jiang , Wen Yang , Xiaoning Liu , Guohua Geng , Shixiong Wang 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Ancestry estimation of skulls is under a wide range of applications in forensic science, anthropology, and facial reconstruction. This study aims to avoid defects in traditional skull ancestry estimation methods, such as time-consuming and labor-intensive manual calibration of feature points, and subjective results.

Results
This paper uses the skull depth image as input, based on AlexNet, introduces the Wide module and SE-block to improve the network, designs and proposes ANINet, and realizes the ancestry classification. Such a unified model architecture of ANINet overcomes the subjectivity of manually calibrating feature points, of which the accuracy and efficiency are improved. We use depth projection to obtain the local depth image and the global depth image of the skull, take the skull depth image as the object, use global, local, and local + global methods respectively to experiment on the 95 cases of Han skull and 110 cases of Uyghur skull data sets, and perform cross-validation. The experimental results show that the accuracies of the three methods for skull ancestry estimation reached 98.21%, 98.04% and 99.03%, respectively. Compared with the classic networks AlexNet, Vgg-16, GoogLenet, ResNet-50, DenseNet-121, and SqueezeNet, the network proposed in this paper has the advantages of high accuracy and small parameters; compared with state-of-the-art methods, the method in this paper has a higher learning rate and better ability to estimate.

Conclusions
In summary, skull depth images have an excellent performance in estimation, and ANINet is an effective approach for skull ancestry estimation.
ZjSEP3 modulates flowering time by regulating the LHY promoter
Authors: Gao Weilin , Zhang Liman , Wang Jiurui , Liu Zhiguo , Zhang Yao , Xue Chaoling , Liu Mengjun , Zhao Jin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundSEPALLATA3(SEP3), which is conserved across various plant species, plays essential and various roles in flower and fruit development. However, the regulatory network of the role of SEP3 in flowering time at the molecular level remained unclear.ResultsHere, we investigated thatSEP3inZiziphus jujubaMill. (ZjSEP3) was expressed in four floral organs and exhibited strong transcriptional activation activity.ZjSEP3transgenic Arabidopsis showed an early-flowering phenotype and altered the expression of some genes related to flowering. Among them, the expression of LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL (AtLHY), the key gene of circadian rhythms, was significantly suppressed. Yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) and electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) further verified that ZjSEP3 inhibited the transcription ofAtLHYby binding to the CArG-boxes in its promoter. Moreover, ZjSEP3 also could bind to theZjLHYpromoter and the conserved binding regions of ZjSEP3 were found in theLHYpromoter of various plant species. The ectopic regulatory pathway of ZjSEP3-AtLHY was further supported by the ability of 35S::AtLHYto rescue the early-flowering phenotype inZjSEP3transgenic plants. InZjSEP3transgenic plants, total chlorophyll content and the expression of genes involved in chlorophyll synthesis increased during vegetative stages, which should contribute to its early flowering and relate to the regulatory ofAtLHY.ConclusionOverall, ZjSEP3-AtLHYpathway represents a novel regulatory mechanism that is involved in the regulation of flowering time.
Psychosocial determinants of cardiovascular events among black Americans with chronic kidney disease or associated risk factors in the Jackson heart study
Authors: Bhavsar Nrupen A. , Davenport Clemontina A. , Yang Lexie Zidanyue , Peskoe Sarah , Scialla Julia J. , Hall Rasheeda K. , Tyson Crystal C. , Strigo Tara , Sims Mario , Pendergast Jane , Curtis Lesley H. , Boulware L. Ebony , Diamantidis Clarissa J. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD), hypertension (HTN), or diabetes mellitus (DM) are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The extent to which psychosocial factors are associated with increased CVD risk within these individuals is unclear. Black individuals experience a high degree of psychosocial stressors due to socioeconomic factors, environment, racism, and discrimination. We examined the association between psychosocial factors and risk of CVD events among Black men and women with CKD and CKD risk factors in the Jackson Heart Study.

Methods and Results
We identified 1919 participants with prevalent CKD or CKD risk factors at baseline. We used rotated principal component analysis - a form of unsupervised machine learning that may identify constructs not intuitively identified by a person - to describe five groups of psychosocial components (including negative moods, religiosity, discrimination, negative outlooks, and negative coping resources) based on a battery of questionnaires. Multiple imputation by chained equation (MICE) was used to impute missing covariate data. Cox models were used to quantify the association between psychosocial components and incident CVD, defined as a fatal coronary heart disease event, myocardial infarction, cardiac procedure (angiography or revascularization procedure), or stroke. Of the 929 participants in the analysis, 67% were female, 28% were current/former smokers with mean age of 56 years and mean BMI of 33 kg/m2. Over a median follow-up of 8 years, 6% had an incident CVD event. In multivariable models, each standard deviation (SD) increase in the religiosity component was associated with an increased hazard for CVD event (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.09–2.13).

Conclusions
Religiosity was associated with CVD among participants with prevalent CKD or CKD risk factors. Studies to better understand the mechanisms of this relationship are needed.
A survey on Canadian pediatric hospital clinical/medical teaching unit implementation during the first and second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Tsang Kara K. , Latchman Andrew , Singhal Nishma , Federici Giuliana , Russell Sandra , Irwin Denise , Stevens Robyn , McArthur Andrew G. , Khan Sarah 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
As the COVID-19 pandemic heightened, infection control and prevention experts recommended clinical training opportunities be modified or discontinued, substantially impacting the function of clinical or medical teaching units (CTU). A CTU is structured to involve medical learners such that they become active participants of the health care team. Since a review of the literature demonstrates a paucity of data to guide pediatric CTU implementation during pandemic phases, we developed and disseminated a survey to assess Canadian practices.

Method
A group of infectious disease specialists and pediatric hospitalists developed, tested, and disseminated surveys to understand CTU clinical rounding and teaching practices during the waves of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Result
Our surveys demonstrate the variability in adapting rounding practices during this pandemic and highlights the opportunities to share our approaches and lessons learned to optimize learner experience and patient centered care during unprecedented times in our academic hospitals. We also show the pragmatic implementation of our new pediatric hospital CTU process that was informed by our survey results.

Conclusion
Our study demonstrates the variability in adapting rounding practices during this pandemic and highlights the opportunities to share our approaches and lessons learned to optimize learner experience and patient centered care during unprecedented times in our academic hospitals.
Trajectories of the current situation and characteristics of workplace violence among nurses: a nine-year follow-up study
Authors: Cai Jianzheng , Qin Ziyu , Wang Haifang , Zhao Xiaoqing , Yu Weixia , Wu Sisi , Zhang Ying , Wang Yalan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Workplace violence (WPV) among nurses has become an increasingly serious public health issue worldwide. Investigating the status quo and characteristics of WPV among nurses in different time periods can help hospital managers understand the current status of WPV and its trends over time. This study aimed to understand the current situation of WPV among nurses in Suzhou general hospitals from 2010 to 2019 and analyze changes over time.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate 942, 2,110 and 2,566 nurses in 6 fixed polyclinic hospitals in Suzhou in 2010, 2015 and 2019, respectively. This study used the revised version of the hospital WPV questionnaire. The count data are described as frequencies and percentages, and the measurement data are represented as means and standard deviations. The general data of nurses during different time periods, the incidence of WPV, nurses’ cognition and attitudes toward WPV and the attitudes and measures of hospitals regarding WPV were analyzed by the chi-square test.

Results
The incidence of WPV among nurses in Suzhou general hospitals in 2015 (69.0 %) and in 2019 (68.4 %) was higher than the incidence of 62.4 % in 2010 (P<0.05), and there were significant differences among periods in the specific types of violence (P˂0.05). Nurses who participated in the surveys in 2015 and 2019 scored higher on “having heard of WPV before”, “thinking WPV coping management organizations are needed” and “supporting a zero-tolerance policy” than those who participated in 2010 (P<0.05). The attitudes and responses of hospitals with regard to WPV among nurses have greatly improved, as evidenced by the results for the items “offering training”, “encouraging reporting of WPV to supervisors”, “equipped with a WPV managing department”, “handling WPV efficiently” and “hospital’s attitudes” (P<0.005).

Conclusions
Despite an increase in nurses’ awareness and attitudes regarding WPV and significant improvements in hospitals’ attitudes and responses to WPV, the incidence of WPV remains high. Hospitals should continue to explore scientific training modes that are in accordance with the needs of nurses to reduce the incidence of WPV.
Spatial evolution path of Gulangyu Island historical international community: from the perspective of actor-network theory
Authors: Li Yuan , Guo Jing , Zhao Long , Chen Yiping , Wang Cheng , Wang Cheng , Li Jonathan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Gulangyu Island is a special case of social development and changes since modern China. In the past, Chinese and foreign people lived together and Chinese and Western cultures coexisted, resulting in an international community with outstanding cultural diversity and modern quality of life. As a functional carrier, space is of great reference significance to the research on the spatial evolution path of the Gulangyu international community with the accelerating globalization and rapid expansion of urbanization. Based on the interpretation of historical maps and the integration of historical geographic information, this paper explores the evolution path of Gulangyu community space in modern times from the perspective of actor-network theory. It is found that: (1) The change of key actors promotes the spatial evolution of the Gulangyu international community. (2) In the stage of foreign culture dissemination (1840–1902), foreign nationals, as key actors, promoted the formation and development of actor-networks through administrative recruitment and other means, and promoted Gulangyu Island to change from a traditional Minnan community to a modern community form, with the embryonic form of an international community beginning to emerge. (3) In the stage of multicultural integration (1903–1940), overseas Chinese returning home became key actors. The concept of a combination of Western cultures was not only embodied in community management but also acted on space practice to promote the multicultural integration of the Gulangyu international community. This paper summarizes the effects of various factors on the evolution of community space, to provide a reference for other coastal cities to rationally develop islands and promote the multicultural integration of local communities.
Transgender: A Useful Category?
Authors: Vicente Marta V. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This article seeks to start a discussion that may help us understand why the category “transgender,” created to include all trans* experiences, has excluded some. If “transgender” cannot fully include all trans* people, can it still be a useful category to adequately capture and analyze the lived experience of historical actors? It is in tracing back the genealogy of transgender, in the search for a name that could encompass the multiple and sometimes contradictory relationships between one's body and its social recognition, that we may attempt to discover why transgender has eclipsed terms such as transsexual and transvestite. The article first examines the parallels between recent debates in the historiographies of gender and transgender as terms that can express the complex social representation of bodies negotiated by language. Second, it studies how much a genealogy of transgender in the past reveals in fact a multiplicity of terms to express a realignment between body and a self that can be read by society. Ultimately, the author proposes the study of first-person narratives as the best way to comprehend the multiple terms used to express the diverse and sometimes contradictory identities an individual can embody.
The Others of the Ravine
Authors: Curbelo Daniasa 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In the society and culture of the Canary Islands, ravines (barrancos in Spanish) are spaces that contain a wealth of meanings and perceptions attached to a collective imagination. These natural scars that mark and characterize the island's geography represent scenes of dissidence, as will be shown through the spatial and geographic stories of various transsexuals and transvestites who lived in Tenerife between 1970 and 1990; the specific character of their testimonials is situated in a specific context: El Cabo, a barrio in Tenerife, as well as the Santos Ravine (Barranco de Santos in Spanish). The state repression, marginalization, and violence against sexually dissident people during this age will be the main context of analysis. In a brief journey through history, these aspects will be placed in relation to key events from the Francoist dictatorship on the islands, a travel journal of the nineteenth century, and passages from the conquest of the Canary Islands in which the ravines, among them the Santos Ravine itself, take on a relevant importance. Finally, this study will mention the existence of a chapel consecrated to the Virgin of Candelaria in this environment as possibly the most significant crystallization of the otherness of the ravine. This study thereby contemplates reviewing these spaces on the basis of their formation as media in which specific Canary Island subjectivities can be located.