bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Different Pupil Dilatation Methods For Phacoemulsification In Eyes With A Small Pupil
Authors: Wang Jin-Da , Zhang Jing Shang , Li Meng , Mao Ying Yan , Mayinuer Yusufu , Wan Xiu Hua 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To compare 6 methods for intraoperative pupil dilatation in eyes with insufficient pupil size during phacoemulsification.Methods: This was a prospective case-control study. 99 microcoria cataract patients (120 eyes) were collected and were divided into 6 groups（20 eyes each group）, and their pupils were dilated by bimanual stretching pupil (group I), pupil radial cut open(group II), mechanical pupil dilatation with iris-retractor hooks (group III), OASIS iris expander (group IV), and Malyguin-ring (Microsurgical company, America) (group V) , B-HEX Pupil Expander (Med Invent Devics, India )(group VI) ,respectively. 3.0 mm clear corneal incision were used in phacoemulsification. All cases were followed up at 1 week and 1, 3, 6 months after the surgery. The best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), intraocular pressure(IOP), corneal endothelium cell density(ECD), pupil diameter(PD) of before and after surgery were compared. Independent sample t test was used for the analysis.Results: One same doctor finished all cataract surgeries successfully. The eyes’ condition before surgery and at 6 months after surgery were compared. There were no significant statistical differences for the conditions of the eyes before surgery among six groups. There were also no significant statistical differences for BCVA and IOP at 6 months postoperatively among six groups. The ECDs were better at 6 months postoperatively in group III and V: 2021±521/mm2, 2089±729/mm2. There were statistically significant differences (P=0.000). PD was largest in group II:5.58±0.74mm, but there were no statistically significant differences (P>0.05)Conclusions: All 6 methods used in this study were effective for the mechanical dilatation of small pupils and didn’t affect the postoperative visual acuity and intraocular pressure in microcoria cataract phacoemulsification. Iris-retractor hooks and the Malyugin Ring can reduce intraoperative corneal endothelium cell loss. Postoperative PD is larger when the iris was cut open radially.
Does financial development reinforce ecological footprint in singapore? Evidence from ardl and bayesian analysis
Authors: Ngoc Bui Hoang , awan ashar 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Singapore has been ranked in the most dynamic financial market and the highest ecological deficit country, indicating that the trade-off hypothesis may exist. The main goal of the present study is to probe the impact of financial development, economic growth, and human capital on ecological footprint in Singapore from 1980 to 2016. The outcomes obtained from the Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) method have failed to provide a clear impact of financial sector development on ecological footprint. However, the Bayesian analysis reveals that both financial development and economic growth have a harmful influence on EF, while the impact of human capital is beneficial. A theoretical conclusion derived is that monetary expansion policies should be associated with improving human capital to achieve the United Nations SDGs in the context of Singapore. The findings of the study are of particular interest to policymakers for developing sound policy decisions for sustainable economic progress which is not at the cost of environment.
Identification of a Conserved Neutralizing Epitope in Seneca Valley Virus VP2 Protein: New Insight for Epitope Vaccine Designment
Authors: Wen Wei , Chen Xinghua , Lv Qiang , Chen Huanchun , Qian Ping , Li Xiangmin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Seneca Valley virus (SVV) is a picornavirus that causes vesicular disease in swine. Clinical characteristics of the disease is similar to common viral diseases such as foot-and-mouth disease virus, porcine vesicular disease virus, and vesicular stomatitis virus, which can cause vesicles in the nose or hoof of pigs. Therefore, developing tools for detecting SVV infection is critical and urgent.
Methods
The neutralizing antibodies were produced to detect the neutralizing epitope.
Results
Five SVV neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAb), named 2C8, 3E4, 4C3, 6D7, and 7C11, were generated by immunizing mouses with ultra-purified SVV-LNSY01-2017. All five monoclonal antibodies exhibited high neutralizing titers to SVV. The epitopes targeted by these mAbs were further identified by peptide scanning using GST fusion peptides. The 153QELNEE158 peptide is defined as the smallest linear neutralizing epitope. The antibodies showed no reactivity to VP2 single mutants E157A. Furthermore, the antibodies showed no neutralizing activity with the recombinant virus (SVV-E157A).
Conclusion
The five monoclonal antibodies and identified epitopes may contribute to further research on the structure and function of VP2 and the development of diagnostic methods for detecting different SVV strains. Additionally, the epitope recognized by monoclonal antibodies against VP2 protein may provide insights for novel SVV vaccines and oncolytic viruses development.
Evaluation the Progesterone and Estrogen Receptor (PR &amp; ESR) Level and Their Role in Medical Treatment of Patients with Endometriosis
Authors: Poordast Tahereh , Alborzi Saeed , Kiani Ziba , Askary Elham , Chamanara Kefayat , Omidfar Navid , Shokripour Mansoureh , Abadi Alimohammad Keshtvarz Hesam 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background

As the endometriosis is a hormone dependent disease, this study designed to determine a cut-off point for selecting the appropriate treatment based on the hormone receptors of endometriosis lesions.
Methods

In this retrospective cohort study, all symptomatic endometriotic patients, between March 2017 to March 2019, was divided into two groups: responding and non-responding to hormone therapy following endometriosis surgery. Pathological slides of 72 patients were immunohistologically evaluated for progesterone (PR) and estrogen receptor (ESR) levels.
Results

Based on the rock curve, the presence of 70% of estrogen (P value: 0.001) and 80% of progesterone receptors (P value = 0.005), as well as 60% estrogen (P value: 0.1065) and 40% of progesterone receptors (P value: 0.1699) in the pathology sample based on H score can predict the appropriate response to hormonal treatment of dyspareunia and dysmenorrhea respectively. Dysmenorrhea in the presence of endometrioma showed the best response to OCP compared to the progesterone treatment (69.4% versus 27.8%), while the response of dyspareunia in the presence of the DIE lesions showed the best response to progesterone treatment (75% versus 27.8%).
Conclusion

Response to treatment of dysmenorrhea and dyspareunia is directly related to the increase of H score. Gynecologist can make the right hormonal treatment based on the specific pattern of IHC staining obtained from patients 'surgical specimens, which leads to improved quality of life and also effective pain reduction after operation as well as recurrent rate.
H2O2-responsive VEGF/NGF gene co-delivery nano-system achieves stable vascularization in ischemic hindlimbs
Authors: Chen Youlu , Chen Zuoguan , Duan Jianwei , Gui Liang , Li Huiyang , Liang Xiaoyu , Tian Xinxin , Liu Kaijing , Li Yongjun , Yang Jing 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Peripheral vascular disease (PVD) is a common clinical manifestation of atherosclerosis. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene therapy is a promising approach for PVD treatment. However, due to single-gene therapy limitations and high H 2 O 2 pathological microenvironment, VEGF gene therapy are not as expectations and its clinical application are limited. Synergistic effects of Nerve factors and vascular factors in angiogenesis have attracted attention in recent years. In this study, VEGF and nerve growth factor (NGF) genes co-delivery nanoparticles (VEGF/NGF-NPs) were prepared by using H 2 O 2 responsive 6s-PLGA-Po-PEG as a carrier. 6s-PLGA-Po-PEG could react with H 2 O 2 specifically due to the internal peroxalate bond. Angiogenic effects of VEGF/NGF-NPs has been evaluated in cells and hindlimb ischemia mice model. Results showed that VEGF/NGF-NPs promoted VEGF and NGF co-expression simultaneously, eliminated excessive H 2 O 2 , strengthened reactions between SH-SY5Ys and HUVECs, and finally enhanced migration, tube formation, proliferation and H 2 O 2 damage resistance of HUVECs. VEGF/NGF-NPs also recovered blood perfusion, promoted the expression of VEGF, NGF, eNOS and NO, and enhanced vascular coverage of pericytes. Treatment effects of VEGF/NGF-NPs may related to VEGF/eNOS/NO pathway. Altogether, VEGF/NGF-NPs eliminated excessive H 2 O 2 while achieving gene co-delivery, and promoted stable angiogenesis. It’s a promising way for PVD treatment by using VEGF/NGF-NPs.
Assessment of Consumers' Awareness and Proposed Measures Against the Prevalence of Counterfeit Drugs in Developing Countries
Authors: Onuh Gideon , Hinga Simon Karanja , Nyamweya Boniface Makori , Aderemi Atayero A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Counterfeit drugs have been reported as the primary cause of increased morbidity and drug resistance in developing countries. However, consumers' awareness of the prevalence of fake drugs in developing countries remains unknown.Objectives: To assess consumers' awareness and the principal contributors of counterfeit drugs, propose measures to curb this menace in developing countries.Method: Data were collected using a questionnaire with 24 questions bordering on consumer awareness and measures taken by health professionals in combating the prevalence of counterfeit drugs. All the questions were fully completed by participants and submitted online. The data were analyzed using both deductive and inductive approaches. Results: It was observed that the level of awareness of counterfeit drugs among consumers varies across different countries. A high level of awareness was reported in countries with improved technology for combating substandard drugs, comparable to countries with lesser technology. The results show that pharmacy retailers and pharmaceutical industries are the major contributors to the prevalence of counterfeit medicines in developing countries. It was observed that consumers are exploring brand awareness and the physical appearance of drugs in the fight against counterfeit drugs.Conclusion: This study assessed consumers' awareness of counterfeit drugs in selected developing countries and proposed measures that the government can implement in the fight against counterfeit drugs. These measures and findings may be appropriate in designing awareness programs and developing a framework for monitoring pharmaceutical production companies and supply chains.
Nephrogenesis, Renal Function, and Biomarkers in Preterm Newborns
Authors: Corrêa Luísa Petri , Gatto Felipe Rodrigues , Bressani Guilherme Yanq Sen , Lanza Katharina , Simões e Silva Ana Cristina 
Published: November 2021

Background:
The survival of premature newborns increased in the last decades
due to advances in neonatal care. The physiology of this group is still under investigation,
once the incomplete organogenesis entails functional particularities that are not yet clarified
by current clinical knowledge. The immature kidneys are especially susceptible to
acute injury with potential long-term impacts. Current diagnostic parameters of acute kidney
injury are limited among the preterm population. The commonly used serum creatinine
protein constitutes a poor biomarker to predict early lesions as it is susceptible to
several factors, including muscle mass and gestational age.

Objective:
The present review explores the evidence on nephrogenesis, renal function,
and acute kidney injury in neonatology, as well as studies on renal function biomarkers
and their potential application for diagnosis, follow-up, and prognosis in preterm newborns.

Results:
Premature newborns reach full-term gestational age with reduced number and
quality of nephrons. Consequently, the glomerular filtration rate and tubular function become
impaired and are proportional to the gestational age. Despite having a high incidence
among the pediatric population, acute kidney injury is still underdiagnosed and
poorly managed due to the absence of proper, sensible, and non-invasive biomarkers. Although
cystatin C, NGAL, and KIM-1, are promising urinary markers, current literature
remains inconsistent.

Conclusion:
Further research is needed to properly identify and standardize sensible and
specific urinary biomarkers to better assess kidney function in preterm newborns.
Clopidogrel-herb Interactions: A Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Assessment
in a Rat Model
Authors: Alkharfy Khalid , Jan Basit , Alotaibi Khalid , Alotaibi Ayedh , Alqahtani Saeed , Raish Mohammad , Ahmad Ajaz 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Herbs usually contain a mixture of biologically active constituents, which can interact with
numerous prescribed drugs and alter their safety profiles.

Objective:
The current investigation was aimed to evaluate the effect of commonly used herbal products, including
black seed (Nigella sativa), garden cress (Lepidium sativum), and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum), on the
pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of clopidogrel using a Wistar rat model.

Methods:
A GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of several phytoconstitutents (polyphenols) in the extracts of the
black seed, garden cress, and fenugreek. These polyphenols have the potential to interfere with the clopidogrel effect.
Plasma concentrations of clopidogrel were measured at different time points in the absence and presence of the concurrent
use of tested herbal products and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. Bleeding time was measured
in various groups as a measure of the antiplatelet effect of clopidogrel.

Results:
Area under the plasma concentration-time curves (AUC0-∞) of clopidogrel were 35.53 ±0.89 μg/ml*h
(p<0.05), 26.01 ±0.90 μg/ml*h (p>0.05) and 32.80 ±2.51 μg/ml*h (p<0.05) in the black seed, garden cress and
fenugreek group, respectively, compared with that of the control group (27.02 ±0.42 μg/ml*h). Treatment with black
seed also caused an increase in clopidogrel Cmax by 31.52% (p<0.05) and with fenugreek by 21.42% (p<0.05); Cmax,
did not changed with garden cress treatment (6.48 ±0.15 μg/ml versus 6.12 ±0.21 μg/ml, p>0.05). The pharmacodynamic
evaluation of the antiplatelet effect of clopidogrel in the presence of herbal products treatment showed a significant
prolongation in the bleeding time from a control baseline by ~22-26%, and by added ~8-12% about clopidogrel
therapeutic effect (p<0.05). The concurrent use of black seed, fenugreek, or garden cress can alter the pharmacokinetics
and pharmacodynamics of clopidogrel to varying degrees due to the presence of various bioactive
polyphenols.

Conclusion:
This is probably due to changes in drug disposition and its antiplatelet action. Further confirmation can
determine the clinical relevance of these observations and identify the exact constituents responsible for such activities.
Epicardial Adipocyte-derived TNF-α Modulates Local Inflammation in Patients with Advanced Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Karampetsou Nikoleta , Tzani Aspasia , Doulamis Ilias P. , Bletsa Evanthia , Minia Aggeliki , Pliaka Vaia , Tsolakos Nikos , Oikonomou Evangelos , Tousoulis Dimitris , Kontzoglou Konstantinos , Alexopoulos Leonidas G. , Perrea Despoina N. , Patapis Paulos , Chloroyiannis Ioannis A. 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) surrounds the epicardium and can mediate
harmful effects related to coronary artery disease (CAD).

Objective:
We explored the regional differences between adipose stores surrounding diseased and
non-diseased segments of coronary arteries in patients with advanced CAD.

Methods:
We enrolled 32 patients with known CAD who underwent coronary artery bypass graft
(CABG) surgery. Inflammatory mediators were measured in EAT biopsies collected from a region
of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) with severe stenosis (diseased segment) and without
stenosis (non-diseased segment).

Results :
Mean age was 64.3±11.1 years, and mean EAT thickness was 7.4±1.9 mm. Dyslipidemia
was the most prevalent comorbidity (81% of the patients). Out of a total of 11 cytokines, resistin
(p=0.039), matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) (p=0.020), C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CCL-5)
(p=0.021), and follistatin (p=0.038) were significantly increased in the diseased compared with the
non-diseased EAT segments. Indexed tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), defined as the diseased
to non-diseased cytokine levels ratio, was significantly correlated with increased EAT thickness
both in the whole cohort (p=0.043) and in a subpopulation of patients with dyslipidemia (p=0.009).
Treatment with lipid-lowering agents significantly decreased indexed TNF-α levels (p=0.015). No
significant alterations were observed in the circulating levels of these cytokines with respect to
CAD-associated comorbidities.

Conclusion:
Perivascular EAT is a source of cytokine secretion in distinct areas surrounding the
coronary arteries in patients with advanced CAD. Adipocyte-derived TNF-α is a prominent mediator
of local inflammation.
Pediatric Drug-Related Problems in an Indian Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Jahan Qaiser , Pallavi K. , Hamshika R. , Talla Varun , Rao Jupally Venkateshwar , Pattnaik Satyanarayan 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Improper drug usages expose patients to drug-related problems (DRPs)
and can be the cause of patient morbidity and even mortality, especially frequent in hospitalized patients
and pediatric groups.

Objective:
The objective of the present study was to identify and assess the drug-related problems
in the pediatric department of tertiary care hospitals.

Methods:
The cross-sectional, observational study was carried out for six months included pediatric
in-patients of age ≤15 years of either gender in pediatric units of tertiary care hospitals of India.
The enrolled pediatric patients were observed for any drug-related problem that were further recorded
and classified using the DRP registration format taken from Cipolle et al. The assessment of
therapy was done by using positional statements from standard organizations and guidelines. Main
outcome measure: Incidences of drug-related problems and their assessment and root cause analysis.

Results:
A total of 970 DRPs were identified in 296 patients, with an overall incidence of 49.3%.
The incidence of DRPs was maximum in the age group of 2-12 years of children (51.2%). Patients
who took six or more drugs were around eight (OR:8.41, 95% CI: 5.22 to 13.55) times more likely
to have DRPs compared to those patients who took less than six drugs. The incidences of DRPs
were more in patients who were hospitalized for ≥ 7 days.

Conclusion:
The present study revealed significantly higher incidences of DRPs in hospitalized pediatric
patients necessitating the involvement of clinical pharmacists in the pediatric department of
tertiary care hospitals.
Pedagogical framework for polymulticultural education of foreign language students seeking a degree in teaching
Authors: Chaika Oksana , Chahrak Nataliya , Zhumbei Marianna , Apelt Halyna , Kopchak Liliya 
Published: November 2021

The present paper deals with the pedagogical framework of poly- / multicultural education as a factor that significantly influences the formation of poly- / multicultural competence of a foreign language (FL) teacher. The relevance of addressing poly- / multiculturalism in the pedagogical plane is due to the current need of societies to bring up a young professional, who would become aware that today poly- / multiculturalism and polyethnicity make an integral part of the modern global world in general and the educational process, in particular. The research aims to explore and establish the ways of creating pedagogical framework for (i) popularizing the idea of poly- / multiculturalism, and (ii) forming relevant students' skills and abilities in foreign language (FL) instruction; to determine the extent to which the engaging mentoring teacher in the educating role may influence their poly- / multicultural competence. To this end, poly- / multicultural competence is seen prerequisite of a FL teacher's professional competence. Experiment is the main method of the research. Assessment of the experiment effectiveness was carried out with the involvement of surveys / questionnaires, conducted in stages, along with observation as a method applied.
Noncontact Sleep Monitoring With Infrared Video Data to Estimate Sleep Apnea Severity and Distinguish Between Positional and Nonpositional Sleep Apnea: Model Development and Experimental Validation
Authors: Akbarian Sina , Ghahjaverestan Nasim Montazeri , Yadollahi Azadeh , Taati Babak 
Published: November 2021

Background
Sleep apnea is a respiratory disorder characterized by frequent breathing cessation during sleep. Sleep apnea severity is determined by the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), which is the hourly rate of respiratory events. In positional sleep apnea, the AHI is higher in the supine sleeping position than it is in other sleeping positions. Positional therapy is a behavioral strategy (eg, wearing an item to encourage sleeping toward the lateral position) to treat positional apnea. The gold standard of diagnosing sleep apnea and whether or not it is positional is polysomnography; however, this test is inconvenient, expensive, and has a long waiting list.

Objective
The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a noncontact method to estimate sleep apnea severity and to distinguish positional versus nonpositional sleep apnea.

Methods
A noncontact deep-learning algorithm was developed to analyze infrared video of sleep for estimating AHI and to distinguish patients with positional vs nonpositional sleep apnea. Specifically, a 3D convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture was used to process movements extracted by optical flow to detect respiratory events. Positional sleep apnea patients were subsequently identified by combining the AHI information provided by the 3D-CNN model with the sleeping position (supine vs lateral) detected via a previously developed CNN model.

Results
The algorithm was validated on data of 41 participants, including 26 men and 15 women with a mean age of 53 (SD 13) years, BMI of 30 (SD 7), AHI of 27 (SD 31) events/hour, and sleep duration of 5 (SD 1) hours; 20 participants had positional sleep apnea, 15 participants had nonpositional sleep apnea, and the positional status could not be discriminated for the remaining 6 participants. AHI values estimated by the 3D-CNN model correlated strongly and significantly with the gold standard (Spearman correlation coefficient 0.79, P<.001). Individuals with positional sleep apnea (based on an AHI threshold of 15) were identified with 83% accuracy and an F1-score of 86%.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates the possibility of using a camera-based method for developing an accessible and easy-to-use device for screening sleep apnea at home, which can be provided in the form of a tablet or smartphone app.