bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of sex and genotype in human APOE‐targeted replacement mice on alcohol self‐administration measured with the automated IntelliCage system before and after repeated mild traumatic brain injury
Authors: Simmons Kathryn E. , Healey Kati L. , Li Qiang , Moore Scott D. , Klein Rebecca C. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundFew studies have examined the association between APOE genotype and alcohol use. Although some of these studies have reported outcomes associated with a history of drinking, none have examined alcohol‐seeking behavior. In addition, no preclinical studies have examined alcohol use as a function of APOE genotype with or without traumatic brain injury.MethodsMale and female human APOE3‐ and APOE4‐targeted replacement (TR) mice were used to assess voluntary alcohol seeking longitudinally using a 2‐bottle choice paradigm conducted within the automated IntelliCage system prior to and following repeated mild TBI (rmTBI). Following an acquisition phase in which the concentration of ethanol (EtOH) was increased to 12%, a variety of drinking paradigms that included extended alcohol access (EAA1 and EAA2), alcohol deprivation effect (ADE), limited access drinking in the dark (DID), and progressive ratio (PR) were used to assess alcohol‐seeking behavior. Additional behavioral tasks were performed to measure cognitive function and anxiety‐like behavior.ResultsAll groups readily consumed increasing concentrations of EtOH (4–12%) during the acquisition phase. During the EAA1 period (12% EtOH), there was a significant genotype effect in both males and females for EtOH preference. Following a 3‐week abstinence period, mice received sham or rmTBI resulting in a genotype‐ and sex‐independent main effect of rmTBI on the recovery of righting reflex and a main effect of rmTBI on spontaneous home‐cage activity in females only. Reintroduction of 12% EtOH (EAA2) resulted in a significant effect genotype for alcohol preference in males with APOE4 mice displaying increased preference and motivation for alcohol compared with APOE3 mice independent of TBI while in females, there was a significant genotype × TBI interaction under the ADE and DID paradigms. Finally, there was a main effect of rmTBI on increased risk‐seeking behavior in both sexes, but no effect on spatial learning or cognitive flexibility.ConclusionThese results suggest that sex and APOE genotype play a significant role in alcohol consumption and may subsequently influence long‐term recovery following traumatic brain insults.
CEO inside debt and the acquisition of private targets
Authors: Bhabra Gurmeet S. , Bhabra Harjeet S. , Hossain Ashrafee T. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe find a strong positive association between the inside debt holdings (pension benefits and deferred compensation) of CEOs and announcement‐period abnormal returns (CARs) of acquiring firms bidding for private targets. In addition, gains to acquirers with high inside debt persist for at least 3 years post‐acquisition. Further analyses suggest that our results are largely driven by firms with lower levels of manager‐shareholder agency conflicts as proxied by higher transparency in firm activities, presence of a less powerful CEO, or presence of stronger monitoring. Our results are robust to an array of sensitivity tests.
Digital financial inclusion development, investment diversification, and household extreme portfolio risk
Authors: Lu Xiaomeng , Guo Jiaojiao , Zhou Hailing 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMost Chinese households are exposed to extreme portfolio risks; the findings show that digital financial inclusion significantly mitigates this phenomenon. Using a panel of nation‐wide data from the China Household Finance Survey, we find digital financial inclusion significantly reduces the probability of households taking extreme portfolio risks by promoting diversification. It also plays a greater role among households with low levels of wealth and financial literacy, located in areas where traditional finance has been slow to develop. These findings suggest that Internet‐based financial products are needed that are better suited to households with low levels of wealth and financial literacy.
Design, development and implementation of the virtual, coordination, access, referral and escalation service in western New South Wales
Authors: Parks James , Hunter Amanda , Taylor Anne , Addis Bridget , Setterfield Madeline , Dean Kimberley , Nott Shannon 
Published: September 2021

AbstractProblemPeople in rural and remote New South Wales experience avoidable admissions, limited access to skilled clinicians and commonly travel >400 km to access specialist services within the district and >700 km for tertiary services outside.DesignIterative use of New South Wales Health redesign methodology in the period 2015‐2020.SettingWestern New South Wales Local Health District is geographically the largest Health District within New South Wales and includes disadvantaged communities. Virtual Coordination Access Referral Escalation is an audio‐visually enabled transport, patient flow and clinical advice unit established in 2006 to support patients and clinicians at 35 small, rural and remote hospitals.Key measures for improvementRight care, right place and right time by the right team the first time. Care delivery close to home and ‘on country’. Safe and cost‐effective transport. Performance measures to support quality, safety and clinical outcomes. Improving the human experience.Strategies for changeCycles of strategic planning, innovation, productive partnerships, change management and human systems development.Effects of changeVirtual Coordination Access Referral Escalation critical care telehealth more effectively supports rural and remote health care across large distances.Lessons learntImprovements include expanded/redefined management and nursing roles, integration of dedicated critical care emergency medicine specialists within the service, delegated authority to accept transfers, upgraded technology, 24‐hour service provision and a central ‘Virtual Support’ proactive outreach model.
The effect of prenatal lithium exposure on the neuropsychological development of the child
Authors: Poels Eline M. P. , Schrijver Lisanne , White Tonya J. H. , Roza Sabine J. , Zarchev Milan G. , Bijma Hilmar , Honig Adriaan , van Kamp Inge L. , Hoogendijk Witte J. G. , Kamperman Astrid M. , Bergink Veerle 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesLithium is an effective treatment for bipolar disorder, also during pregnancy to prevent the recurrence of episodes in the perinatal period. Little is known about the neuropsychological development of lithium‐exposed offspring. The current study was designed to investigate neuropsychological functioning in lithium‐exposed children with the aim to provide further knowledge on the long‐term effects of lithium use during pregnancy.MethodsParticipants were offspring of women with a diagnosis of bipolar spectrum disorder, aged 6–14 years. In total, 99 children participated in the study, 56 were exposed to lithiumin uteroand 43 were not exposed to lithium. Neuropsychological tests were administered, including the Snijders‐Oomen Nonverbal Intelligence Test and the NEPSY‐II‐NL assessment. Linear and negative binomial regression models were used to investigate the association between prenatal lithium exposure and neuropsychological functioning. In secondary analyses, the association between lithium blood level during pregnancy and neuropsychological functioning was assessed. Additionally, norm scores and percentiles for task outcomes were calculated.ResultsLithium use during pregnancy was associated with the total number of mistakes made on the Auditory Attention task, but not statistically significant after full adjustment for potential confounding factors. No association between prenatal lithium exposure and IQ was found. Also, no relationship between lithium blood level during pregnancy and neuropsychological functioning was found after adjustment for potential confounders. Task outcomes in both groups were comparable to the general population.ConclusionIn this study, we found no evidence for significantly altered neuropsychological functioning of lithium‐exposed children at the age of 6–14 years, when compared to non‐lithium‐exposed controls.
Generalized case‐control sampling under generalized linear models
Authors: Maronge Jacob M. , Tao Ran , Schildcrout Jonathan S. , Rathouz Paul J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA generalized case‐control (GCC) study, like the standard case‐control study, leverages outcome‐dependent sampling (ODS) to extend to nonbinary responses. We develop a novel, unifying approach for analyzing GCC study data using the recently developed semiparametric extension of the generalized linear model (GLM), which is substantially more robust to model misspecification than existing approaches based on parametric GLMs. For valid estimation and inference, we use a conditional likelihood to account for the biased sampling design. We describe analysis procedures for estimation and inference for the semiparametric GLM under a conditional likelihood, and we discuss problems with estimation and inference under a conditional likelihood when the response distribution is misspecified. We demonstrate the flexibility of our approach over existing ones through extensive simulation studies, and we apply the methodology to an analysis of the Asset and Health Dynamics Among the Oldest Old study, which motives our research. The proposed approach yields a simple yet versatile solution for handling ODS in a wide variety of possible response distributions and sampling schemes encountered in practice.
A case of COVID-19 vaccination-associated forme fruste purpura fulminans
Authors: Griss J. , Eichinger S. , Winkler S. , Weninger W. , Petzelbauer P. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We report the case of a female, 77 year old patient with multi-localized skin infarctions following vaccination with mRNA-1273 (Moderna). This phenomenon is to our knowledge otherwise only seen in infection-associated purpura fulminans - which was thoroughly ruled out in our patient. This report demonstrates that we need to be vigilant of a wider array of vascular phenomena related to Covid vaccinations.
Augmented reality for preschool children: An experience with educational contents
Authors: Aydoğdu Fatih 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study was conducted to test the effect of the augmented reality‐based program on the motivation, attention and conceptual skills of preschool children. The research was conducted according to the pretest‐posttest control group quasi‐experimental design: 13 participants (6 girls, 7 boys) in the experimental group and 13 (5 girls, 8 boys) in the control group, a total of 26 children (4–5 age group) were included in the study. While the children in the experimental group participated in the applications prepared with augmented reality, the children in the control group were practised upon with the traditional teaching method. In the research, measurement tools were applied to the working groups (experiment‐control) both before and after the application. As a result, it was determined that the motivation, attention and concept skills of the children in the experimental group increased significantly compared to the children in the control group. The results show that augmented reality applications can be used in learning activities in preschool education.
Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic

Augmented reality applications can be adapted for preschool children.

Augmented reality applications are new in pre‐school education.

Augmented reality applications are interesting for preschool children.

What this paper adds

Augmented reality applications improve the motivational skills of preschool children.

Augmented reality applications improve the attention skills of preschool children.

Augmented reality applications improve the concept skills of preschool children.

Implications for practice and/or policy

Technology‐based classroom environments should be created in pre‐school education institutions.

Augmented reality applications in pre‐school education should be expanded in line with the gains.

Teachers should receive training on augmented reality applications.
BSACI 2021 guideline for the management of egg allergy
Authors: Leech Susan C. , Ewan Pamela W. , Skypala Isabel J. , Brathwaite Nicola , Erlewyn‐ Lajeunesse Mich , Heath Sarah , Ball Heidi , James Polly , Murphy Karen , Clark Andrew T. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis guideline advises on the management of patients with egg allergy. Most commonly egg allergy presents in infancy, with a prevalence of approximately 2% in children and 0.1% in adults. A clear clinical history will confirm the diagnosis in most cases. Investigation by measuring egg‐specific IgE (by skin prick testing or specific IgE assay) is useful in moderate‐severe cases or where there is diagnostic uncertainty. Following an acute allergic reaction, egg avoidance advice should be provided. Egg allergy usually resolves, and reintroduction can be achieved at home if reactions have been mild and there is no asthma. Patients with a history of severe reactions or asthma should have reintroduction guided by a specialist. All children with egg allergy should receive the MMR vaccine. Most adults and children with egg allergy can receive the influenza vaccine in primary care, unless they have had anaphylaxis to egg requiring intensive care support. Yellow Fever vaccines should only be considered in egg‐allergic patients under the guidance of an allergy specialist. This guideline was prepared by the Standards of Care Committee (SOCC) of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology (BSACI) and is intended for allergists and others with a special interest in allergy. The recommendations are evidence based. Where evidence was lacking, consensus was reached by the panel of specialists on the committee. The document encompasses epidemiology, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis and co‐morbid associations.
Age‐specific thyrotropin references decrease over‐diagnosis of hypothyroidism in elderly patients in iodine‐excessive areas
Authors: Zhang Yingchai , Sun Yu , He Zhiwei , Xu Shuhang , Liu Chao , Li Yongze , Shan Zhongyan , Teng Weiping 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveAcute or chronic exposure to excess iodine has detrimental effects on thyroid physiology; therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of overt hypothyroidism (OH) and subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) in an elderly population residing in geographical areas with chronic exposure to excess iodine intake and to analyse contributing risk factors.DesignThis cross‐sectional study was conducted from 2016 to 2017 in areas of Jiangsu Province that have documented chronic exposure to high iodine intake.PatientsWe enroled 2559 adult participants using a multistage, stratified sampling method.MeasurementsUrinary iodine concentration (UIC), serum thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) level and other relevant parameters were measured. Demographic information was recorded using a standardized questionnaire. The age‐specific TSH references were determined by the National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry guidelines. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors for hypothyroidism in the study population.ResultsThe median UIC of participants was 307.3 µg/L (interquartile range: 200.7, 469.8 μg/L). The prevalence of OH in subjects ≥70 years using laboratory reference ranges was 2.37%; however, it decreased to 1.78% with the use of an age‐specific reference range. Similarly, the prevalence of SCH also declined drastically from 29.59% to 2.96% with the application of an age‐specific reference range. In both univariate and multivariate models, advanced age, female gender and high UIC were identified as risk factors for hypothyroidism.ConclusionsUsage of age‐specific TSH reference ranges led to a significantly lower prevalence of OH and SCH in the study population, thus preventing unnecessary over‐diagnosis and over‐treatment.
Conditioned medium derived from 3D tooth germs: A novel cocktail for stem cell priming and early in vivo pulp regeneration
Authors: Zhou Tengfei , Rong Mingdeng , Wang Zijie , Chu Hongxing , Chen Chuying , Zhang Jiayi , Tian Zhihui 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesConditioned medium (CM) from 2D cell culture can mitigate the weakened regenerative capacity of the implanted stem cells. However, the capacity of 3D CM to prime dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) for pulp regeneration and its protein profile are still elusive. We aim to investigate the protein profile of CM derived from 3D tooth germs, and to unveil its potential for DPSCs‐based pulp regeneration.Materials and MethodsWe prepared CM of 3D ex vivo cultured tooth germ organs (3D TGO‐CM) and CM of 2D cultured tooth germ cells (2D TGC‐CM) and applied them to prime DPSCs. Influences on cell behaviours and protein profiles of CMs were compared. In vivo pulp regeneration of CMs‐primed DPSCs was explored using a tooth root fragment model on nude mice.ResultsTGO‐CM enhanced DPSCs proliferation, migration, in vitro mineralization, odontogenic differentiation, and angiogenesis performances. The TGO‐CM group generated superior pulp structures, more odontogenic cells attachment, and enhanced vasculature at 4 weeks post‐surgery, compared with the TGC‐CM group. Secretome analysis revealed that TGO‐CM contained more odontogenic and angiogenic growth factors and fewer pro‐inflammatory cytokines. Mechanisms leading to the differential CM profiles may be attributed to the cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction and PI3K‐Akt signalling pathway.ConclusionsThe unique secretome profile of 3D TGO‐CM made it a successful priming cocktail to enhance DPSCs‐based early pulp regeneration.
Probing behavior of Neophilaenus campestris on various plant species
Authors: Cornara Daniele , Morente Marina , Lago Clara , Markheiser Anna , Garzo Elisa , Moreno Aranzazu , Fereres Alberto 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe recent history of Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al. introduction in Europe illustrates how the lack of knowledge about the bacterium‐vector‐host interactions hinders the application of effective containment strategies, with the bacterial spread that currently appears relentless. Vector behavior is a key component in plant pathogen transmission; therefore, detailed knowledge of vector probing behavior on various host plants would furnish useful data for containing the bacterium. Aiming at this goal, we carried out electrical penetration graph (EPG)‐assisted probing behavior observations of the spittlebug, Neophilaenus campestris (Fallen) (Hemiptera: Aphrophoridae), a candidate vector widespread in all the areas where X. fastidiosa is currently established. Spittlebug probing was first characterized on one of its preferred host plants, Bromus madritensis L. (Poaceae), over short (6 h) and long (16 h) time spans. Thereafter, we performed comparative observations of the spittlebug probing on B. madritensis, olive, and grapevine. Overall, the probing behavior of N. campestris, that is, the main characteristic waveforms, did not differ substantially from that of Philaenus spumarius (L.) (Hemiptera: Aphrophoridae); however, here we report and describe a new kind of xylem activity interruption, provisionally termed N2, not previously observed in P. spumarius. Considering the time spent in xylem ingestion as a percentage of the total probing time (host‐suitability indicator used for spittlebugs), grapevine and B. madritensis are the preferred hosts for N. campestris, with olive as the least suitable among the plants tested. Successful probes, that is, probes during which xylem ingestion occurred, on grapevine were 2.5× greater than olive. Therefore, our data on N. campestris probing behavior suggest that the spittlebug role in X. fastidiosa epidemiology in European vineyards should be given more attention. In the present manuscript, we also discuss the current difficulties in interpreting and analyzing the outcomes of EPG studies on spittlebugs.
Prenatal exposure to valproate and risk of congenital malformations—Could we have known earlier?—A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Christensen Jakob , Trabjerg Betina B. , Sun Yuelian , Gilhus Nils Erik , Bjørk Marte‐Helene , Tomson Torbjörn , Dreier Julie Werenberg 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivePrenatal exposure to the antiseizure medication (ASM) valproate is associated with an increased risk of congenital malformations, but warnings against the use of valproate in pregnancy were not issued until 2009. The objective was to study how early administrative health registers could have identified the teratogenic risk associated with valproate.MethodsThis was a population‐based cohort study of individual‐linked data from Danish health care and socioeconomic registers including children born in Denmark between January 1, 1997 and December 31, 2014. Information on ASM use, including valproate, in pregnancy was obtained from the Danish National Prescription Registry. Children identified with major congenital malformations from the Danish National Patient Register and the Danish Register of Causes of Death were included. Using logistic regression models, we estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for major congenital malformations during the first year of life in children with and without prenatal exposure to ASMs adjusted for potential confounders.ResultsAmong the 895 507 children (males, 51.3%), 31 790 (3.6%) were diagnosed with a major congenital malformation in the first year of life. In the analyses including children born in 1997, the risk of major congenital malformations among children prenatally exposed to valproate compared with children not exposed to ASMs was increased by a fully adjusted OR (aOR) of 3.95 (95% CI = 1.65–9.47). With the addition of data from the following years, the teratogenic effect of valproate was further substantiated, as the precision of the estimate improved (1997–2014: aOR = 2.44, 95% CI = 1.80–3.30).SignificanceUsing Danish health care data, we were able to identify a teratogenic risk associated with prenatal valproate exposure in children born in 1997, which is much earlier than prospective clinical cohorts. Health registry data represent an important tool for early identification of risk associated with drugs in pregnancy.