bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of two novel poleroviruses and the occurrence of Tobacco bushy top disease causal agents in natural plants
Authors: Tan Song-Tao , Liu Fang , Lv Jing , Liu Qin-Li , Luo Heng-Ming , Xu Yi , Ma Yan , Chen Xiao-Jiao , Lan Ping-Xiu , Chen Hai-Ru , Cao Meng-Ji , Li Fan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTobacco bushy top disease (TBTD) is a devastating tobacco disease in the southwestern region of China. TBTD in the Yunnan Province is often caused by co-infections of several plant viruses: tobacco bushy top virus (TBTV), tobacco vein distorting virus (TVDV), tobacco bushy top virus satellite RNA (TBTVsatRNA) and tobacco vein distorting virus-associated RNA (TVDVaRNA). Through this study, two new poleroviruses were identified in two TBTD symptomatic tobacco plants and these two novel viruses are tentatively named as tobacco polerovirus 1 (TPV1) and tobacco polerovirus 2 (TPV2), respectively. Analyses of 244 tobacco samples collected from tobacco fields in the Yunnan Province through RT-PCR showed that a total of 80 samples were infected with TPV1 and/or TPV2, and the infection rates of TPV1 and TPV2 were 8.61% and 29.51%, respectively. Thirty-three TPV1 and/or TPV2-infected tobacco samples were selected for further test for TBTV, TVDV, TBTVsatRNA and TVDVaRNA infections. The results showed that many TPV1 and/or TPV2-infected plants were also infected with two or more other assayed viruses. In this study, we also surveyed TBTV, TVDV, TBTVsatRNA and TVDVaRNA infections in a total of 1713 leaf samples collected from field plants belonging to 29 plant species in 13 plant families and from 11 provinces/autonomous regions in China. TVDV had the highest infection rates of 37.5%, while TVDVaRNA, TBTV and TBTVsatRNA were found to be at 23.0%, 12.4% and 8.1%, respectively. In addition, TVDV, TBTV, TBTVsatRNA and TVDVaRNA were firstly detected of co-infection on 10 plants such as broad bean, pea, oilseed rape, pumpkin, tomato, crofton weed etc., and 1 to 4 of the TBTD causal agents were present in the samples collected from Guizhou, Hainan, Henan, Liaoning, Inner mongolia and Tibet autonomous regions. The results indicated that TBTD causal agents are expanding its host range and posing a risk to other crop in the field.
Analysis of viromes and microbiomes from pig fecal samples reveals that phages and prophages rarely carry antibiotic resistance genes
Authors: Billaud Maud , Lamy-Besnier Quentin , Lossouarn Julien , Moncaut Elisabeth , Dion Moira B , Moineau Sylvain , Traoré Fatoumata , Le Chatelier Emmanuelle , Denis Catherine , Estelle Jordi , Achard Caroline , Zemb Olivier , Petit Marie-Agnès 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Understanding the transmission of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is critical for human health. For this, it is necessary to identify which type of mobile genetic elements is able to spread them from animal reservoirs into human pathogens. Previous research suggests that in pig feces, ARGs may be encoded by bacteriophages. However, convincing proof for phage-encoded ARGs in pig viromes is still lacking, because of bacterial DNA contaminating issues. We collected 14 pig fecal samples and performed deep sequencing on both highly purified viral fractions and total microbiota, in order to investigate phage and prophage-encoded ARGs. We show that ARGs are absent from the genomes of active, virion-forming phages (below 0.02% of viral contigs from viromes), but present in three prophages, representing 0.02% of the viral contigs identified in the microbial dataset. However, the corresponding phages were not detected in the viromes, and their genetic maps suggest they might be defective. We conclude that among pig fecal samples, phages and prophages rarely carry ARG. Furthermore, our dataset allows for the first time a comprehensive view of the interplay between prophages and viral particles, and uncovers two large clades, inoviruses and Oengus-like phages.
Zero‐Sequence current measurement uncertainty in three‐phase power systems during normal operation
Authors: Nauta Sjoerd , Serra Ramiro 
Published: October 2021

AbstractZero‐sequence currents in high‐voltage power systems during normal operation can have a significant influence on nearby infrastructure. It is therefore necessary to gain insight into typical levels of zero‐sequence currents in a variety of operational situations. Measurements can provide this insight. When performing measurements, one needs to know the uncertainty associated with the measurement to draw accurate conclusions. The measurement uncertainty associated with three different practical strategies to measure zero‐sequence currents during normal operation are studied: a direct and indirect measurement strategy using current clamps and oscilloscopes and a measurement strategy using phasor measurement units (PMU). Measurement uncertainty is studied using two methods: by analytical expressions and by Monte Carlo simulations. Both methods give consistent outcomes for the measurement uncertainty and show the same tendencies of the zero‐sequence current measurement uncertainty as a function of the positive‐sequence current. This paper studies measurement strategies with error sources based on realistic measurement devices that could be used in practice. The following outcomes were found: in the direct strategy, the primary current transformers are the largest uncertainty sources; in the indirect strategy, the current clamps are the largest uncertainty sources; in the PMU strategy, the PMU total vector error is the largest uncertainty source.
The role of energy recovery from wastes in the decarbonization efforts of the EU power sector
Authors: Psomopoulos Constantinos S. , Kiskira Kyriaki , Kalkanis Konstantinos , Leligou Helen C. , Themelis Nickolas J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWastes contain large quantities of energy that can be extracted using a variety of methods. European Union has established a waste‐to‐energy initiative to minimize waste and increase recovery. Τhe EU Landfill Directive promotes more environmental friendly waste management options. Accordingly, EU member states are adopting mechanical‐biological treatment processes, bio‐methanization and waste‐derived fuels. Furthermore, EU is energy‐dependent, as its resources are insufficient to meet rising energy demands, and fossil fuels must be imported in large quantities. Wastes are increasingly produced and have a non‐negligible lower calorific value that are considered as a power source. Findings highlight the role of waste‐to‐energy facilities in meeting a portion of the European Union's energy needs and contributing to the achievement of renewable energy targets. The untapped potential, through specific actions, can increase capacity in EU without threatening the goals for recycling. This work presents the current status of energy recovery in EU and investigates the unutilized potential energy recovery from wastes, considering the currently landfilled quantities. The results showed that even in the worst scenario, the energy recovery and the renewable content are too high to be neglected, supporting the decarbonization efforts and enhance circular economy, in line with EU’s Energy Strategy and Paris agreement.
Modeling the remnants of core-collapse supernovae from luminous blue variable stars
Authors: Ustamujic S. , Orlando S. , Miceli M. , Bocchino F. , Limongi M. , Chieffi A. , Trigilio C. , Umana G. , Bufano F. , Ingallinera A. , Peres G. 
Published: October 2021

Context. Luminous blue variable stars (LBVs) are massive evolved stars that suffer sporadic and violent mass-loss events. They have been proposed as the progenitors of some core-collapse supernovae (SNe), but this idea is still debated because of a lack of strong evidence. As supernova remnants (SNRs) can carry in their morphology the fingerprints of the progenitor stars as well as of the inhomogeneous circumstellar medium (CSM) sculpted by the progenitors, the study of SNRs from LBVs could help to place core-collapse SNe in context with the evolution of massive stars.
Aims. We investigate the physical, chemical, and morphological properties of the remnants of SNe originating from LBVs in order to search for signatures in the ejecta distribution and morphology of the remnants that could reveal the nature of the progenitors.
Methods. As a template of LBVs, we considered the LBV candidate Gal 026.47+0.02. We selected a grid of models that describe the evolution of a massive star with properties consistent with those of Gal 026.47+0.02 and its final fate as a core-collapse SN. We developed a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model that follows the post-explosion evolution of the ejecta from the breakout of the shock wave at the stellar surface to the interaction of the SNR with a CSM characterized by two dense nested toroidal shells, parametrized in agreement with multi-wavelength observations of Gal 026.47+0.02.
Results. Our models show a strong interaction of the blast wave with the CSM which determines an important slowdown of the expansion of the ejecta in the equatorial plane where the two shells lay, determining a high degree of asymmetry in the remnant. After ≈10 000 yr of evolution, the ejecta show an elongated shape forming a broad jet-like structure caused by the interaction with the shells and oriented along the axis of the toroidal shells. Models with high explosion energy show Fe-rich internal ejecta distributions surrounded by an elongated Si-rich structure with a more diffuse O-rich ejecta all around. Models with low explosion energy instead show a more homogeneous distribution of chemical elements with a very low presence of Fe-group elements.
Conclusions. The geometry and density distribution of the CSM where a LBV star goes SN are fundamental in determining the properties of the resulting SNR. For all the LBV-like progenitors explored here, we found that the remnants show a common morphology, namely elongated ejecta with an internal jet-like structure, which reflects the inhomogeneous and dense pre-SN CSM surrounding the star.
Understanding cytoskeletal avalanches using mechanical stability analysis
Authors: Floyd Carlos , Levine Herbert , Jarzynski Christopher , Papoian Garegin A. 
Published: October 2021

SignificanceThe cytoskeleton plays a central role in mechanobiology, serving both as a scaffold to support the cell’s shape and as an engine that allows the cell to exert large-scale mechanical forces. A key feature of the cytoskeleton is that it is dynamic, continually remodeling itself to respond to changing cellular needs. We use computer simulations to study this remodeling process, primarily focusing on fluctuations in the system’s mechanical energy. We observe an avalanche-like tendency for energy to accumulate slowly in the network and then dissipate in large amounts during occasional events that involve large collective network motions. This observation is consistent with recent experiments and suggests that the cytoskeleton is highly responsive to time-varying cellular cues.
Machine Learning for Improving Stellar Image-based Alignment in Wide-field Telescopes
Authors: Wu Zhixu , Zhang Yiming , Tang Rongxin , Li Zhengyang , Yuan Xiangyan , Xia Yong , Bai Hua , Li Bo , Chen Zhou , Cui Xiangqun , Deng Xiaohua 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Stellar images will deteriorate dramatically when the sensitive elements of wide-field survey telescopes are misaligned during an observation, and active alignment is the key technology to maintain the high resolution of wide-field sky survey telescopes. Instead of traditional active alignment based on field-dependent wave front errors, this work proposes a machine learning alignment metrology based on stellar images of the scientific camera, which is more convenient and higher speed. We first theoretically confirm that the pattern of the point-spread function over the field is closely related to the misalignment status, and then the relationships are learned by two-step neural networks. After two-step active alignment, the position errors of misalignment parameters are less than 5 μm for decenter and less than 5″ for tip-tilt in more than 90% of the cases. The precise alignment results indicate that this metrology provides a low-cost and high-speed solution to maintain the image quality of wide-field sky survey telescopes during observation, thus implying important significance and broad application prospects.
h-adic quantum vertex algebras in types B, C, D and their ϕ-coordinated modules
Authors: Kožić Slaven 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We introduce the h-adic quantum vertex algebras associated with the trigonometric R-matrices in types B, C and D, thus generalizing the well-known Etingof–Kazhdan construction in type A. We show that restricted modules for quantum affine algebras in types B, C and D are naturally equipped with the structure of ϕ-coordinated module for the aforementioned h-adic quantum vertex algebras.
Characteristics of plasma in a novel laser-assisted pulsed plasma thruster
Authors: ZHAO Yuanzheng , ZHANG Yu , WU Jianjun , OU Yang , ZHENG Peng 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A novel laser-assisted pulsed plasma thruster (LA-PPT) is proposed as an electric propulsion thruster, which separates laser ablation and electromagnetic acceleration. It aims for a higher specific impulse than that achieved with conventional LA-PPTs. Owing to the short-time discharge and the novel configuration, the physical mechanism of the discharge is unclear. Time and spatial-resolved optical emission spectroscopy was applied to investigate the variation in the plasma properties in the thruster discharge channel. The plasma species, electron temperature, and electron density were obtained and discussed. Our investigation revealed that there were H
α
, H
β
, H
γ
, H
ε
atoms, C I, C II, C III, C IV, Cl I, Cl II particles, and a small amount of CH, C3, C2, H2 neutral molecular groups in the plasma. The electron temperature of the discharge channel of the thruster was within 0.6–4.9 eV, and the electron density was within (1.1–3.0)

×

1018 cm−3, which shows that the optical emission spectroscopy method is to measure the electron excitation temperature and electron density in heavy particles. But the Langmuir probe method is to measure the temperature and density of free electrons. The use of laser instead of spark plug as the ignition mode significantly changed the plasma distribution in the discharge channel. Unlike the conventional PPT, which has high electron density near the thruster surface, LA-PPT showed relatively large electron density at the thruster outlet, which increased the thruster specific impulse. In addition, the change in the ignition mode enabled the electron density in the LA-PPT discharge channel to be higher than that in the conventional PPT. This proves that the ignition mode with laser replacing the spark plug effectively optimised the PPT performance.
Global Dam Watch: curated data and tools for management and decision making
Authors: Mulligan Mark , Lehner Bernhard , Zarfl Christiane , Thieme Michele , Beames Penny , van Soesbergen Arnout , Higgins Jonathan , Januchowski-Hartley Stephanie R , Brauman Kate A , De Felice Luca , Wen Qingke , Garcia de Leaniz Carlos , Belletti Barbara , Mandle Lisa , Yang Xiao , Wang Jida , Mazany-Wright Nick 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Dams, reservoirs, and other water management infrastructure provide benefits, but can also have negative impacts. Dam construction and removal affects progress toward the UN sustainable development goals at local to global scales. Yet, globally-consistent information on the location and characteristics of these structures are lacking, with information often highly localised, fragmented, or inaccessible. A freely available, curated, consistent, and regularly updated global database of existing dams and other instream infrastructure is needed along with open access tools to support research, decision-making and management needs. Here we introduce the Global Dam Watch (GDW) initiative (www.globaldamwatch.org
) whose objectives are: (a) advancing recent efforts to develop a single, globally consistent dam and instream barrier data product for global-scale analyses (the GDW database); (b) bringing together the increasingly numerous global, regional and local dam and instream barrier datasets in a directory of databases (the GDW directory); (c) building tools for the visualisation of dam and instream barrier data and for analyses in support of policy and decision making (the GDW knowledge-base) and (d) advancing earth observation and geographical information system techniques to map a wider range of instream structures and their properties.
Our focus is on all types of anthropogenic instream barriers, though we have started by prioritizing major reservoir dams and run-of-river barriers, for which more information is available. Our goal is to facilitate national-scale, basin-scale and global-scale mapping, analyses and understanding of all instream barriers, their impacts and their role in sustainable development through the provision of publicly accessible information and tools. We invite input and partnerships across sectors to strengthen GDW’s utility and relevance for all, help define database content and knowledge-base tools, and generally expand the reach of GDW as a global hub of impartial academic expertise and policy information regarding dams and other instream barriers.
Study of transcription factor druggabilty for prostate cancer using structure information, gene regulatory networks and protein moonlighting
Authors: Dey Ashmita , Sen Sagnik , Maulik Ujjwal 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in men. Metastasis shows poor survival even though the recovery rate is high. In spite of numerous studies regarding prostate carcinoma, multiple questions are still unanswered. In this regards, gene regulatory network can uncover the mechanisms behind cancer progression, and metastasis. Under a feed forward loop, transcription factors (TFs) can be a good druggable candidate. We have proposed a computational model to study the uncertainty of TFs and suggest the appropriate cellular conditions for drug targeting. We have selected feed-forward loops depending on the shared list of the functional annotations among TFs, genes and miRNAs. From the potential feed forward loop cores, six TFs were identified as druggable targets, which include AR, CEBPB, CREB1, ETS1, NFKB1 and RELA. However, TFs are known for their Protein Moonlighting properties, which provide unrelated multi-functionalities within the same or different subcellular localizations. Following that, we have identified such functions that are suitable for drug targeting. On the other hand, we have tried to identify membraneless organelles for providing more specificity to the proposed time and space theory. The study has provided certain possibilities on TF-based therapeutics. The controlled dynamic nature of the TF may have enhanced the chances where TFs can be considered as one of the prime drug targets. Finally, the combination of membranless phase separation and protein moonlighting has provided possible druggable period within the biological clock.
Diagnostic accuracy of a high-sensitivity troponin I assay and external validation of 0/3 h rule out strategies
Authors: van den Berg Patricia , Collinson Paul , Morris Niall , Body Richard 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Aims
The timely diagnosis and exclusion of acute coronary syndromes in the Emergency Department (ED) remains a challenge. This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of a high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I assay (Siemens TNIH) on serial sampling for ED patients as standalone test and in rule-out algorithms as recommendations remain assay specific.

Methods and results
This secondary analysis from a prospective diagnostic accuracy study at 14 centres included ED patients presenting with chest pain of suspected cardiac nature. Serum drawn on arrival and 3 h later was batchtested for TNIH. The target condition was an adjudicated diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of absolute and relative delta criteria and four rule-out strategies. Of 802 included patients, 13.8% had AMI. Absolute delta criteria had superior accuracy to relative criteria (C-statistic 0.94 vs. 0.76, P &lt; 0.001). However, no delta criteria achieved &gt;95.5% sensitivity for AMI when used alone. Ruling out AMI with TNIH below the 99th percentile at 0 and 3 h had 88.3% (95% confidence interval 80.8–93.6%) sensitivity. The adapted European Society of Cardiology (ESC) 0/2 h algorithm had higher sensitivity (98.2%) than both High-STEACS (93.7%, P = 0.03) and the ESC 0/3 h algorithm (79.3%, P &lt; 0.001). These pathways ruled out 63%, 74%, and 88% patients, respectively.

Conclusion
With serial sampling over 3 h, the Siemens TNIH assay should be used with a validated algorithm incorporating bespoke cut-offs and absolute delta criteria. In our analysis, the adapted ESC 0/2 h algorithm had greatest sensitivity. ‘Ruling out’ AMI using the 99th percentile of the assay cannot be recommended.
The Marks of Civilisation: The Special Stigma of Torture
Authors: Farrell Michelle 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The European Court of Human Rights attached a special stigma to torture in Ireland v United Kingdom, in its interpretation of the distinction between torture and other forms of ill-treatment. The concept is now central to the European Court’s description of torture under article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights. It is, I argue, significant that the Court reached for this particular phrase. I consider the special stigma as a parapraxis facilitating a reading of the Court’s ‘unconscious text’. I connect the power to stigmatise with torture to explore the special stigma’s figurative, material and theological implications. Stigma, with its multi-layered meaning and its deep connections to torture, is useful in working out how Western powers generated their self-images as civilised whilst persisting with practices of torture. With the special stigma, the European Court rehabilitated the civilising standard and resurrected the historic association between torture and stigma.
Bycatch data from ichthyoplankton surveys reveal long-term trends in gelatinous zooplankton in the Norwegian and Barents Seas
Authors: Yaragina Natalia A , Stige Leif Chr , Langangen Øystein 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTGelatinous zooplankton play important roles as consumers in marine food webs, but the spatial and temporal dynamics of them are difficult to quantify because their fragility makes accurate sampling by traditional gears challenging. As a result, accurately quantified long-term data series targeting this group are scarce. To shed light on the dynamics of three groups of gelatinous zooplankton (medusae, ctenophores, and chaetognaths), we present and analyse time-series on frequency of occurrence and a relative index of abundance for each group recorded as bycatch in ichthyoplankton surveys. The time-series represent two areas (southwestern Barents Sea and northeastern Norwegian Sea), two seasons (spring and summer), and a 35-years period (1959–1993). Results suggest that occurrences of medusae and ctenophores increased from spring to summer in ocean shelf areas, whereas chaetognaths were ubiquitous in both seasons with highest abundance in oceanic areas. Spring occurrences correlated positively with summer occurrences for medusae and chaetognaths but not ctenophores, implying longest prediction horizon for the two first groups. The occurrence of medusae, but not ctenophores and chaetognaths, was consistently higher in warm than cold years. These results suggest that the occurrence and potentially the role of medusae in this arcto-boreal environment is most profound in warm periods.