bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caesarean section as an informed choice in the UK: a systematic review
Authors: Djatmika Clementine , Lusher Joanne , Meyrick Jane , Byron-Daniel James 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundDespite the steady increase in the number of women giving birth via caesarean section in the UK, little is understood about how shared decision making is implemented in obstetrics or what this means for women that have given birth via caesarean. The aim of this review is to assess narratives of women's experiences of caesarean birth as an informed choice and their involvement in this process.MethodsA number of databases were searched, including MEDLINE via EBSCO, EMBASE via OVID, MIDIRS via OVID, Scopus, Wiley Online Library, Google Scholar and Ethos, as well as the reference sections of the included studies. Primary studies published between 1990–2020 were included and quality was assessed using the critical appraisal skills programme tool. Findings were analysed using a thematic synthesis framework to elicit higher order interpretations.ResultsA total of 11 studies were included in the final review. Quality assessment indicated the studies were generally of good quality, with the main limitations being in methodology quality indicators. Thematic synthesis identified eight subthemes within three main themes: ‘patient-doctor relationships’, ‘decision making as an emotional journey’ and ‘caesarean not really an informed “choice”’. The role of healthcare providers in promoting women's agency via patient-centred care was a prominent theme in women's narratives.ConclusionsWomen's decision making in consent to undergo caesarean births is a complex, emotionally driven process that can have a significant long-term psychological impact.
Numero de años con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y su asociación con la sospecha de deterioro cognitivo en personas mayores chilenas: Un estudio transversal
Authors: Bozanic Agnieszka , Petermann Rocha Fanny , Waddell Heather , Parra-Soto Solange , Cuevas Carla , Richardson Claire , Martínez-Sanguinetti María Adela , Leiva-Ordoñez Ana María , Nazar Gabriela , Troncoso Claudia , Mardones Lorena , Villagrán Marcelo , Martorell Miquel , Ariño Mateo Eva , Ochoa-Rosales Carolina , Díaz-Martinez Ximena , Ulloa Natalia , Celis-Morales Carlos 
Published: October 2021

Introduction: La esperanza de vida está aumentando en todo el mundo, así como la diabetes tipo 2 (DM2). Estudios poblacionales han demostrado que la duración de la DM2 se ha asociado con el deterioro cognitivo. Sin embargo, a pesar de la alta prevalencia de DM2 y deterioro cognitivo en Chile, aún no se ha investigado la asociación entre años con DM2 y la sospecha de deterioro cognitivo. El objetivo del estudio fue investigar la asociación entre la duración de la diabetes mellitus 2 (DM2) y la sospecha de deterioro cognitivo en personas mayores chilenas.
Métodos: Participaron 1.040 personas ≥60 años de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud de Chile (2009-2010). El deterioro cognitivo se evaluó mediante el Mini Examen del Estado Mental abreviado (MMSE). El número de años con DM2 fue categorizado en cuatro grupos. Para valorar la asociación entre MMSE alterado y el número de años con DM2, se utilizó una regresión de Poisson, ajustados a posibles factores de confusión sociodemograficos, de estilos de vida, adiposidad y salud.
Resultados: Cuando se ajustaron los análisis por factores sociodemográficos, las personas con 15 a 24 y ≥25 años con DM2 presentaron 2,2 veces (IC 95%: 1,07; 3,33) y 5,8 veces (IC 95%: 3,81; 11,0) riesgo relativo (RR) de deterioro cognitivo, en comparación con aquellas sin DM2. Luego de ajustar adicionalmente los análisis para las covariables relacionadas con el estilo de vida y la salud, el RR para deterioro cognitivo fue 1,76 veces (IC 95%: 1,02; 2,50) y 4,54 veces (IC 95%: 2,70; 6,38) más alto para aquellas personas con 14-24 y ≥25 años de DM2.
Conclusiones: Se asoció el número de años con DM2 con la sospecha de deterioro cognitivo. Una mayor duración de la DM2 se asoció con una mayor probabilidad de deterioro cognitivo en la población mayor chilena.
Pilarisasi Lempung Dengan Al/Cr sebagai Adsorben Minyak Sisa Pakai
Authors: Triandhani Tiska Eva , Taslimah Taslimah , Sriyanti Sriyanti 
Published: October 2021

Minyak goreng yang digunakan berulang kali dapat mengakibatkan kerusakan minyak. Salah satu solusi untuk menanganinya ialah dengan metode adsorpsi. Lempung terpilar Al/Cr telah dibuat sebagai adsorben minyak sisa pakai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan suhu optimum kalsinasi pada pemilaran lempung dengan Al/Cr dan menentukan kualitas minyak sisa pakai berdasarkan bilangan asam dan bilangan peroksida. Karakterisasi lempung terpilar menggunakan X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Selanjutnya daya adsorpsi lempung terpilar terhadap minyak sisa pakai diukur menggunakan Spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Uji kualitas minyak dilakukan berdasarkan penentuan bilangan asam dan bilangan peroksida sesuai syarat mutu minyak goreng yaitu SNI 01-3741-2013. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, pemilaran lempung Al/Cr dapat meningkatkan basal spacing. Lempung terpilar Al/Cr dengan suhu kalsinasi 400°C memiliki basal spacing terbesar yaitu fraksi ringan 18,84 Å dan fraksi berat 16,53 Å. Kemampuan lempung terpilar Al/Cr untuk adsorpsi minyak sisa pakai memiliki daya serap besar pada suhu kalsinasi 400°C yaitu pada fraksi berat 9,16 % dan fraksi ringan 6,28 %. Lempung terpilar Al/Cr mampu menurunkan bilangan asam dan bilangan peroksida, bahwa semakin lama waktu kontak adsorpsi bilangan asam dan bilangan peroksida semakin menurun. Kata Kunci : Lempung terpilar Al/Cr, minyak sisa pakai, bilangan asam, bilangan peroksida
Pengaruh Tripolifosfat Sebagai Agen Taut Silang Pada Membran Kitosan Terhadap Karakter Fisikokimia dan Kemampuan Permeasi
Authors: Lusiana Retno Ariadi , Suseno Ahmad , Khabibi Khabibi , Faradina Cahyaning Gesti 
Published: October 2021

Penelitian tentang modifikasi membran kitosan dengan taut silang menggunakan tripolifosfat telah dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk memodifikasi kitosan dengan tripolifosfat dan mengkarakterisasi serta menguji permeabilitasnya. Pada penelitian ini dihasilkan larutan dope kitosan tertaut silang tripolifosfat (CSTPP) dengan tiga rasio kitosan:tripolifosfat yaitu 1:0,5; 1:1; dan 1:2. Melalui metode inversi fasa didapatkan lembaran membran yang dipergunakan dalam proses permeasi kreatinin. Berdasarkan hasil karakterisasi Hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan bahwa modifikasi kitosan oleh TPP berpengaruh pada sifat fisikokimia membran. Kenaikan konsentrasi TPP dalam membran berkorelasi dengan peningkatan hidrofilisitas, nilai serapan air, derajat pengembangan, porositas, kemampuan fluks dan kemampuan permeasi membran. Membran CSTPP2 dengan rasio mol 1:1 antara kitosan:TPP memiliki kemampuan permeasi terbaik.Kata Kunci: taut silang; membran, CSTPP, permeasi
Studi Penutupan Lahan Hulu dan Hilir Dareah Aliran Sungai Liliba Terhadap Kuantitas Air
Authors: Soetedjo I.N.P , De Rozari P. , Leo Novida 
Published: October 2021

Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Liliba secara adminitrasi terletak di 2 (dua) daerah adminitrasi yaitu Kota Kupang dan Kabupaten Kupang dengan luas 4.534 ha, panjang sungai utama 20.176,22 m. Daya dukung DAS Liliba sebagai sumberdaya alam (tanah, air, dan vegetasi) sangat dipengaruhi kondisi penutupan lahan. Penurunan kuantitas ditandai dengan semakin berkurangnya debit air pada musim kemarau,. Studi dilakukan selama bulan 3 bulan dari bulan September sampai November 2019. Perubahan penutupan lahan dianalisa berdasarkan klasifikasi penggunaan lahan di DAS Liliba tahun 2008-2018. Kuantitas air dianalisa dengan menggunakan metode Mock pada 4 titik pengamatan. Hasil studi menunjukkan penutupan lahan tipe pemukiman meningkat dari 20.39% pada tahun 2008 menjadi 48.47% pada tahun 2018. Penurunan semak belukar sebesar 19.73% pada tahun 2008 menjadi 0% pada tahun 2018. Penurunan kawasan hutan sekunder dari 15.45% pada tahun 2008 menjadi 10.14 % pada tahun 2018. Kondisi mengakibatkan berkurangnya kuantitas air Debit maksimum terjadi pada bulan Januari, yaitu 1.36 m³/dt, sedangkan debit minimum terjadi pada bulan Oktober, yaitu 0.34 m³/dt. ABSTRACTLiliba water shed locate administratively at Kupang city and district of Kupang with about 4,534 ha of wide and about 20,176.22 m of main river length. Carrying capacity of Liliba watershed as natural resources (soil, water, and vegetation) is affected strongly by land cover conditions. Decreasing in water quantity is indicated by decrease in water discharge during dry season. Study had been conducted at Liliba Water Shed during September to November 2019. Change of land cover was analyzed based on classification land use at Liliba Water Shed during 2008-2018 Water quantity was observed by Mock method at 4 locations. Result of the study showed that land cover of settlement type increased from 20.39% in 2008 to 48.47 % in 2018. Shrubs type decreased from 19.73% in 2008 to 0% in 2018. Moreover, secondary forest areas decreased from 15.45% in 2008 to 10.14% in 2018. These conditions resulted in decreasing of water quantity. Maximum water discharge was 1.36 m3/second occurred in January and minimum water discharge occurred in October was 0.34 m3/second. Meanwhile, analyzed water quality indicated a light level of pollution in all parameters measurements.
Kooperative Bestandserhaltung in Baden-Württemberg
Authors: Fischer Michael , Geisler Felix , Gaertringen Julia Freifrau Hiller von 
Published: October 2021

Zusammenfassung
In ihren Bundesweiten Handlungsempfehlungen von 2015 empfiehlt die KEK, für die Sicherung des gedruckten Schrifttums ab 1851 zunächst die Pflichtexemplarbibliotheken nach heutigen Zuständigkeiten in den Ländern in Anspruch zu nehmen. Sie sollen unabhängig von historisch tatsächlich gegebenen Pflichtexemplarregelungen für die in ihrem heutigen Verantwortungsbereich publizierten Drucke eine Erhaltungsverpflichtung eingehen. Damit wäre jeweils ein Exemplar der Mehrfachüberlieferung gedruckten Schrifttums im Bundesgebiet als das prioritär zu erhaltende Archivexemplar identifiziert und zwar in der Regel dasjenige, das aufgrund einer Rechtsverpflichtung ohnehin aufzubewahren ist. Das KEK-Projekt Einheitlicher Nachweis hat 2016–2018 ein Datenmodell für das PICA-Feld 4233 erarbeitet, das eine Struktur für die Dokumentation von Archivierungsabsprachen bereitstellt und die kooperative Bestandserhaltung überhaupt erst ermöglicht. Die Badische Landesbibliothek hat im überregionalen Gesamtsystem der Überlieferungsbildung und -sicherung ihre Verpflichtung bei den monographischen Titeln und den laufenden Periodika inzwischen eingelöst. Im Rahmen des Landesprojekts bwLastCopies wurden 549.796 badische Pflichttitel aus dem Zeitraum 1851–2020 – davon 80 Prozent im BLB-eigenen Bestand und 20 Prozent in den Beständen anderer Bibliotheken des Landes Baden-Württemberg – im K10plus mit einer Erhaltungsgarantie markiert und damit für die Zukunft gesichert.
Phonological restrictions on nominal pluralization in Sign Language of the Netherlands: evidence from corpus and elicited data
Authors: van Boven Cindy 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This study focuses on nominal pluralization in Sign Language of the Netherlands (NGT). The aim is to offer a comprehensive description of nominal pluralization processes in the language, based on both corpus data and elicited data, taking into account potential phonological restrictions. The results reveal that NGT nouns can undergo several pluralization processes, the main ones being simple reduplication (i.e., repeating the noun sign at one location) and sideward reduplication (i.e., repeating the noun sign while moving the hand sideward). The choice of pluralization process depends on phonological properties of the base noun: (i) nouns that are body-anchored or involve a complex movement undergo simple reduplication; (ii) nouns articulated at the lateral side of the signing space undergo sideward reduplication; (iii) nouns articulated on the midsagittal plane can undergo both simple and sideward reduplication. Strikingly, the data show considerable variation, and all types of nouns can be zero-marked, that is, plural marking on the noun is not obligatory. The results further suggest that all nouns can undergo at least one type of reduplication. Thus, while phonological properties of the base noun influence the type of reduplication, they do not block reduplication altogether. Plural reduplication in NGT is therefore less constrained than has been reported for other sign languages, where certain noun types cannot undergo reduplication. This shows that reduplication – despite being iconically motivated – is subject to language-specific grammatical constraints.
A major health problem facing immigrant children: nutritional rickets
Authors: Kurnaz Erdal , Çetinkaya Semra , Elmaoğulları Selin , Araslı Yılmaz Aslıhan , Muratoğlu Şahin Nursel , Keskin Melikşah , Savaş Erdeve Şenay 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Nutritional rickets (NR) is still an important problem and one which increasing influxes of immigrants are further exacerbating. This study evaluated cases of mostly immigrant children followed up with diagnoses of NR in our pediatric endocrinology clinic.

Methods
Details of 20 cases diagnosed with NR between 2017 and 2020 were retrieved from file records.

Results
Twenty (11 male) cases were included in the study. Three (15%) were Turkish nationals and the others (85%) were immigrants. Hypocalcemia and hypophosphatemia were detected in 17 and 13, respectively. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) values were normal in two cases, while ALP and parathyroid hormone (PTH) values were elevated in all other cases, and PTH levels were very high (473.64 ± 197.05 pg/mL). 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were below 20 ng/mL in all cases. Patients with NR received high-dose long-term vitamin D or stoss therapy. Six patients failed to attend long-term follow-up, while PTH and ALP levels and clinical findings improved at long-term follow-up in the other 14 cases.

Conclusions
The elevated PTH levels suggest only the most severe cases of NR presented to our clinic. Clinically evident NR is therefore only the tip of the iceberg, and the true burden of subclinical rickets and osteomalacia remains unidentified. Public health policies should therefore focus on universal vitamin D supplementation and adequate dietary calcium provision, their integration into child surveillance programs, adequate advice and support to ensure normal nutrition, exposure to sunlight, and informing families of the increased risk not only for resident populations but also for refugee and immigrant children.
Inverse design of grating couplers using the policy gradient method from reinforcement learning
Authors: Hooten Sean , Beausoleil Raymond G. , Van Vaerenbergh Thomas 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We present a proof-of-concept technique for the inverse design of electromagnetic devices motivated by the policy gradient method in reinforcement learning, named PHORCED (PHotonic Optimization using REINFORCE Criteria for Enhanced Design). This technique uses a probabilistic generative neural network interfaced with an electromagnetic solver to assist in the design of photonic devices, such as grating couplers. We show that PHORCED obtains better performing grating coupler designs than local gradient-based inverse design via the adjoint method, while potentially providing faster convergence over competing state-of-the-art generative methods. As a further example of the benefits of this method, we implement transfer learning with PHORCED, demonstrating that a neural network trained to optimize 8° grating couplers can then be re-trained on grating couplers with alternate scattering angles while requiring >10× fewer simulations than control cases.
Ambiguity, standards and contextual distance: archaeological heritage administrators and their information work
Authors: Huvila Isto 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Archaeological heritage administrators hold a key position as managers of archaeological information production. This article reports findings of an interview study conducted in Sweden (N=10) that focuses on providing an in-depth description of archaeology heritage administrators’ work with a focus on their information work practices and factors that influence how it unfolds. The findings show that its critical success factors focus on the adequacy and availability of resources, personal experience and functioning collaborations with key stakeholders and colleagues, and balancing between following and interpreting formal guidelines, boundaries and standards of the work. Based on a reading of the findings inspired by Luhmann and White, it is suggested that the administrators’ ability to balance between standards and ambiguity and regulate their personal contextual distance to the projects they were working on helped them switch between acting as subject experts and relying on others to maintain a control over their information work-as-whole.
Propaganda Chimera: Unpacking the Iranian Perception Information Operations in the Arab World
Authors: Elswah Mona , Alimardani Mahsa 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn the past four years, Iranian Information Operations (IOs) have received a lot of scrutiny by social media companies and policymakers. From 2018 to 2021, several accounts on Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram were taken down by tech companies for engaging in coordinated inauthentic behaviour. Despite the heated relationship between Iran and many Arab countries, the Iranian IOs in the Arabic online sphere have received less academic attention over the years. This study fills this gap by being one of the few studies to investigate the Iranian IOs in the Arab world. We analyse more than 9.3 million tweets posted from 2008 to 2020 using the hashed datasets shared by Twitter’s Election Integrity Hub. We found that Iran’s IOs have made the Arab world its primary target—despite the attention the US claims to receive from them. However, these IOs demonstrate very little engagement and reach amongst Arab users, limiting the possibilities of Iran infiltrating the online Arabic sphere, and fostering weak yet unruly Arab counterpublics. This study argues that Iran’s IOs garner their power from being perceived as efficient and dangerous operations that could pollute the public sphere of overseas nations, rather than through actual infiltration through engagement. We understand Iran’s efforts to be preoccupied with old propaganda efforts, through their investment in websites and imitation of news organisations. However, their efforts prove that Iran adopted the tactics of “new propaganda” that depend on creating a perceived atmosphere of distrust and chaos. We contribute to the discussion on information operations by proposing the term “perception IOs”, referring to IOs by governments that aspire to be perceived as effective meddling countries in foreign politics.
Effects of infill pattern and density on wear performance of FDM-printed acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene parts
Authors: Karabeyoglu Sencer Sureyya , Eksi Olcay , Yaman Pasa , Kucukyildirim Bedri Onur 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene test specimens were additively manufactured by fused deposition method to investigate the effects of infill pattern and density on wear rate, coefficient of friction, wear mechanisms, and microscopic wear characterization. The surface morphology of specimens was characterized using a scanning electron microscope. Under constant parameters of applied load, sliding speed, and sliding time, wear tests were carried out at room temperature. The study revealed that a grid pattern of high infill density and a honeycomb pattern of low infill density showed the lowest wear rate and lowest coefficient of friction compared to the rectilinear pattern. Infill pattern and density affected the wear rate behavior of specimens directly. Moreover, adhesion between additively manufactured layers along with surface texture affects the wear behavior and wear rate. Increasing infill density allowed poor cooling of previously built layers. Longer process time results in rough surfaces.
Techniques for the detection and quantification of emerging contaminants
Authors: Shyamalagowri Shanmugasundaram , Shanthi Natarajan , Manjunathan Jagadeesan , Kamaraj Murugesan , Manikandan Arumugam , Aravind Jeyaseelan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In recent years, the diverse industrial practices and human inputs widely disseminated emerging contaminants (ECs) throughout environmental matrices, which is of great concern. Even at low concentrations, ECs pose major ecological problems and threaten human health and the environment’s biota. Consequently, people’s interest and concerns on the widespread dissemination of environmentally connected ECs of great concern as developed due to their scientific understanding, technical innovation, and socioeconomic awareness. Increased detection of contaminants may occur from climatic, socioeconomic, and demographic changes and the growing sensitivity of analytical techniques. Hence, this article reviews the determination of ECs in ecological specimens, from aquatic setup (river water, marine water, and wastewater), sludge, soil, sediment, and air. Sample collection and the quality measures are summarized. The preparation of samples, including extraction and cleanup and the subsequent instrumental analysis of ECs, are all covered. Traditional and recent extraction and cleanup applications to analyze ECs in samples are reviewed here in this paper. The detection and quantification of ECs using gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC) linked with various detectors, particularly mass spectrometry (MS), is also summarized and explored, as are other possible techniques. This study aims to give readers a more excellent knowledge of how new and improved approaches are being developed and serve as a resource for researchers looking for the best method for detecting ECs in their studies.
Magnetic properties of 1D spin systems with compositional disorder of three-spin structural units
Authors: Slavin Victor V. , Cheranovskii Vladyslav O. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The exact diagonalization (ED) approach and Quantum Monte-Carlo (QMC) method were used for the study of the lowest energy states and low-temperature magnetic properties of some disordered 1D Heisenberg spin-1/2 systems formed by two types of three-spin structural units. For the system with a singlet ground state and the random distribution of structural units along the chain system, a significant decrease of the size of the intermediate magnetization plateau in comparison to the corresponding uniform spin system was found. For the “polyallyl” spin chain with a macroscopic value of the ground state spin, a transition to the singlet ground state due to the effect of compositional disorder was observed.