bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Presidents, Prime Ministers and Legislative Behaviour: The Conditional Effect of Presidential Legislative Powers on Party Unity
Authors: Borges André , Ribeiro Pedro Floriano 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article proposes a novel theoretical framework to account for the combined effects of regime type and patterns of executive authority on legislative party unity. We argue that broad presidential legislative powers favour coordination between the president and legislative parties under pure presidentialism, whereas under semi-presidentialism, strong presidents increase the potential for intra-executive conflict, submitting parties to cross-cutting pressures. We expect higher levels of legislative authority to increase party unity under presidentialism but decrease under semi-presidentialism. Moreover, when presidents are endowed with limited legislative authority, semi-presidentialism produces higher levels of party unity than presidentialism, but for sufficiently high levels of legislative authority there should be no difference across regime types. Our analyses of 1,586 pooled observations for 72 democracies from all regions of the world using the V-Dem measure of party cohesion demonstrate that presidential legislative authority, in combination with regime type, is indeed a key predictor of party unity.
Beyond COVID-19: The State of Telehealth Equity and Best Practices in Underserved Populations
Authors: Blake Hassanatu , Bihm Jasmine , Nkwanyuo Raynna , Oshodi-Abikan Taiwo A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTelehealth is now a fundamental health approach to address health-related needs in a way that is consistent with the restrictions imposed by the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) globally.
Controlled Donation After Circulatory Determination of Death: A Scoping Review of Ethical Issues, Key Concepts, and Arguments
Authors: Murphy Nicholas , Weijer Charles , Smith Maxwell , Chandler Jennifer , Chamberlain Erika , Gofton Teneille , Slessarev Marat 
Published: October 2021

AbstractControlled donation after circulatory determination of death (cDCDD) is an important strategy for increasing the pool of eligible organ donors.
FORCING AXIOMS, APPROACHABILITY, AND STATIONARY SET REFLECTION
Authors: COX SEAN D. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe prove a variety of theorems about stationary set reflection and concepts related to internal approachability. We prove that an implication of Fuchino–Usuba relating stationary reflection to a version of Strong Chang’s Conjecture cannot be reversed; strengthen and simplify some results of Krueger about forcing axioms and approachability; and prove that some other related results of Krueger are sharp. We also adapt some ideas of Woodin to simplify and unify many arguments in the literature involving preservation of forcing axioms.
Sirtuinsandneuropeptide ydownregulation in Flinders Sensitive Line rat model of depression
Authors: Stiernborg Miranda , Efstathopoulos Paschalis , Lennartsson Andreas , Lavebratt Catharina , Mathé Aleksander A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSince the NAD+-dependent histone deacetylases sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) and sirtuin-2 (SIRT2) are critically involved in epigenetics, endocrinology and immunology and affect the longevity in model organisms, we investigated their expression in brains of 3-month-old and 14–15 months old rat model of depression Flinders Sensitive Line (FSL) and control Flinders Resistant Line (FRL) rats. In view of the dysregulated NPY system in depression, we also studied NPY in young and old FSL to explore the temporal trajectory of depressive-like–ageing interaction.Sirt1,Sirt2andNpymRNA were determined using qRT-PCR in prefrontal cortex (PFC) from young and old FSL and FRL, and in hippocampi from young FSL and FRL.PFC:Sirt1expression was decreased in FSL (p= 0.001). An interaction between age and genotype was found (p= 0.032); young FSL had lowerSirt1with respect to both age (p= 0.026) and genotype (p= 0.001).Sirt2was lower in FSL (p= 0.003).Npy mRNAwas downregulated in FSL (p= 0.001) but did not differ between the young and old rat groups.Hippocampus: Sirt1was reduced in young FSL compared to young FRL (p= 0.005). There was no difference inSirt2between FSL and FRL.Npylevels were decreased in hippocampus of young FSL compared to young FRL (p= 0.003). Effects of ageing could not be investigated due to loss of samples. To conclude, i this is the first demonstration that SIRT1 and SIRT2 are changed in brain of FSL, a rat model of depression; ii the changes are age-dependent; iii sirtuins are potential targets for treatment of age-related neurodegenerative diseases.
How Exclusionary Nationalism Has Made the World Socially Sicker from COVID-19
Authors: Singh Prerna 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCOVID-19 struck a world already suffering under a scourge – a rash of right-wing populist, exclusionary nationalisms. Whether it is Donald Trump in the USA, Vladimir Putin in Russia, Bolsonaro in Brazil, Orbán in Hungary, Modi in India, the past decade the world has witnessed the rise of leaders claiming the nation for dominant ethnic groups, excluding and targeting ethnic minorities and immigrants. In this article I argue that this preexisting plague of exclusionary nationalism has made the COVID-19 pandemic more dangerous for our body politics than it might otherwise have been. Following from our evolutionary tendency to associate foreigners with disease, all epidemics hold the potential to raise boundaries between ingroups and outgroups and scapegoat the latter. Yet this noxious seed of division latent in all contagions has flourished in the case of COVID-19, as it was planted in the fertile soil of exclusionary nationalism where boundaries between countries, and majority and minority-group boundaries within countries, were already furrowed deep. I delineate how through the pandemic, right-wing, populist, exclusionary nationalist governments have further exacerbated both these types of us-them divides. In concluding, however, I point out how in line with its well-known Janus nature, nationalism has also played a more constructive role during the pandemic.
Mrs. Rockefeller’s Exquisite Corpse
Authors: Bender Courtney 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe “exquisite corpse” in this title refers to a gift book presented to Mrs. Abby Aldrich Rockefeller in December 1931, which contains signed notes from Rockefeller’s domestic employees, friends, ministers, art dealers, Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) employees, and also a signed painting by Diego Rivera. The book’s construction highlights the intersecting social networks and associations among a variety of religious, artistic, philanthropic, and domestic organizations and individuals that are more typically investigated as distinct or non-connecting. As such, the book invites an alternate reading of influences shaping MoMA’s earliest years. This interpretation takes inspiration from the surrealist games and conceits of ethnographic and artistic surrealism—an approach that is generatively suggested by the Tribute Book’s construction. Read in this way, I take the gift book to open up a range of associations that make possible modes of interpretation through which to consider the secular and the modern religious. I use the book’s intertextual qualities as an entry point into a new consideration of the presence and effects of liberal-protestant spiritual aesthetics in MOMA’s earliest years. I argue that such spiritual aesthetics shaped the secular museum’s curation, display, and interpretation of political artists including Rivera and European surrealists.
Exploring the emergence of participatory plant breeding in countries of the Global North – a review
Authors: Colley M. R. , Dawson J. C. , McCluskey C. , Myers J. R. , Tracy W. F. , Lammerts van Bueren E. T. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractParticipatory plant breeding (PPB), commonly applied in the Global South to address the needs of underserved farmers, refers to the active collaboration between researchers, farmers and other actors throughout the breeding process. In spite of significant public and private investments in crop variety improvement in the Global North, PPB is increasingly utilized as an approach to address cropping system needs. The current study conducted a state-of-the-art review, including a comprehensive inventory of projects and five case studies, to explore the emergence of PPB in the Global North and inform future PPB efforts. Case studies included maize (Zea mays), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), Brassica crops (Brassica oleracea), wheat (Triticum aestivum) and potato (Solanum tuberosum). The review identified 47 projects across the United States, Canada and Europe including 22 crop species representing diverse crop biology. Improved adaptation to organic farming systems and addressing principles and values of organic agriculture emerged as consistent themes. While projects presented evidence that PPB has expanded crop diversity and farmer's access to improved varieties, obstacles to PPB also emerged including challenges in sustained funding as well as addressing regulatory barriers to the commercial distribution of PPB varieties. Agronomic improvements were only one lens motivating PPB, with many projects identifying goals of conservation of crop genetic diversity, farmers' seed sovereignty and avoidance of certain breeding techniques. The authors conclude that a multidisciplinary approach is needed to fully understand the social, political and agroecological influences driving the emergence of projects in the Global North and factors impacting success.
Sudden sensorineural hearing loss: what can we learn from examining Reddit posts?
Authors: Manchaiah V , Deshpande A K , Bellon-Harn M L , Boyd R L 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundMany patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss may seek hearing health information and social support online, although little is known about the online information seeking behaviour.ObjectiveThe present study aimed to examine the discussions around sudden sensorineural hearing loss in Reddit posts.MethodA total of 526 Reddit posts about sudden sensorineural hearing loss were extracted and analysed using qualitative and quantitative methods.ResultsThe content analysis identified eight main categories. Most of the posts were on topics of: sharing personal experiences (34 per cent), describing symptoms (31 per cent), discussing treatment options (36 per cent) and discussing possible causes (19 per cent) of sudden sensorineural hearing loss. The sudden sensorineural hearing loss Reddit posts varied significantly in terms of linguistic variables when compared to baseline Reddit posts. Reddit posts by individuals with sudden sensorineural hearing loss had significantly higher engagement, higher authenticity and made more references to their body when compared to other users.ConclusionThe study results provide insights that can be helpful for professionals during clinical interactions.
Mixoxylon australe gen. et sp. nov., a unique homoxylous wood with non-angiosperm affinity from the Lower Cretaceous of Antarctica (Albian, James Ross Island)
Authors: Chernomorets Oleksandra , Sakala Jakub 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA unique homoxylous wood is described from the Albian Lewis Hill Member of the Whisky Bay Formation on James Ross Island as Mixoxylon australe Chernomorets & Sakala, gen. et sp. nov. This fossil taxon shows an unusual combination of features in having indistinct growth rings with a significantly wider earlywood zone than latewood zone, tracheids with scalariform to araucarian pitting, exclusively uniseriate rays with distinctly pitted both tangential and horizontal walls and araucarioid to podocarpoid cross-field pits. Its characteristics are intermediate between Phoroxylon Sze and Sahnioxylon Bose & Sah, so a new genus is proposed. Its systematic affinities are dubious, but it represents the southernmost evidence of the homoxylous Mesozoic wood with scalariform pitting described so far.
National Antarctic Program responses to fieldwork sexual harassment
Authors: Nash Meredith 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSexual harassment is a common experience for women and those from other underrepresented groups in (white) male-dominated fields such as Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM). Women are especially vulnerable to sexual harassment during remote scientific fieldwork. To date, most of the limited research on fieldwork harassment has focused on individual experiences. There is an urgent need for research on organizational approaches to fieldwork sexual harassment. This study fills this gap by examining sexual harassment prevention by National Antarctic Programs. It draws on a desktop analysis of 36 National Antarctic Program websites with a focus on the current availability and quality of sexual harassment policies and procedures in expeditioner handbooks/field manuals. Findings show that very few National Antarctic Programs make their expeditioner handbooks/field manuals publicly available (n= 9), and even fewer mention sexual harassment in the documentation or describe how to lodge a complaint (n= 3). This article concludes by offering some reasons as to why National Antarctic Programs may be neglecting this issue. It also provides practical recommendations for developing more substantive content in expeditioner handbooks/field manuals and for building inclusive fieldwork environments for a diverse range of expeditioners.
Probiotics and prebiotics: potential prevention and therapeutic target for nutritional management of COVID-19?
Authors: Batista Kamila Sabino , de Albuquerque Juliana Gondim , Vasconcelos Maria Helena Araújo de , Bezerra Maria Luiza Rolim , da Silva Barbalho Mariany Bernardino , Pinheiro Rafael Oliveira , Aquino Jailane de Souza 
Published: October 2021

AbstractScientists are working to identify prevention/treatment methods and clinical outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Nutritional status and diet have a major impact on the COVID-19 disease process, mainly because of the bidirectional interaction between gut microbiota and lung, that is, the gut–lung axis. Individuals with inadequate nutritional status have a pre-existing imbalance in the gut microbiota and immunity as seen in obesity, diabetes, hypertension and other chronic diseases. Communication between the gut microbiota and lungs or other organs and systems may trigger worse clinical outcomes in viral respiratory infections. Thus, this review addresses new insights into the use of probiotics and prebiotics as a preventive nutritional strategy in managing respiratory infections such as COVID-19 and highlighting their anti-inflammatory effects against the main signs and symptoms associated with COVID-19. Literature search was performed through PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus and Web of Science databases; relevant clinical articles were included. Significant randomised clinical trials suggest that specific probiotics and/or prebiotics reduce diarrhoea, abdominal pain, vomiting, headache, cough, sore throat, fever, and viral infection complications such as acute respiratory distress syndrome. These beneficial effects are linked with modulation of the microbiota, products of microbial metabolism with antiviral activity, and immune-regulatory properties of specific probiotics and prebiotics through Treg cell production and function. There is a need to conduct clinical and pre-clinical trials to assess the combined effect of consuming these components and undergoing current therapies for COVID-19.
Outcome of truncus arteriosus repair: 20 years of single-center experience comparing early versus late surgical repair
Authors: Hrfi Abdah , Ismail Muna , Mohammed Mohammed H. A. , Hamadah Hussam K. , Alhabshan Fahad , Abu-Sulaiman Riyadh , Kabbani Mohamed Salim 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground:Truncus arteriosus is a rare CHD. Neonatal and early infancy repair is recommended though some cases may present late. The aim of our study is to investigate the current results of truncus arteriosus repair and to analyse the differences in outcome and reintervention need between early versus late truncus arteriosus surgical repair.Material and methods:In this cohort study, we reviewed all children who underwent truncus arteriosus repair from 2001 till 2021. We divided patients into two groups; early repair group including patients repaired at age less than 3 months and late repair group including patients who had repair at 3 months of age and later. We compared both groups for outcome variables.Results:Sixty-four children had truncus arteriosus repair including 48(75%) patients in early repair and 16(25%) patients in late repair groups. Peri-operative course was comparable between both groups. Post-surgery, we observed pulmonary hypertension in 6(12%) patients in early repair group comparing with 11(69%) patients in late repair group (p = 0.0001). In the last follow-up visit, pulmonary hypertension resolved in all early repair group patients while 6(37.5%) patients in late repair group continued to have pulmonary hypertension (p = 0.0001). Twenty-three(36%) patients required reintervention including 22(48%) in early repair group versus 1(6%) in late repair group (p = 0.007).Conclusion:In general, the outcome of early truncus arteriosus repair is excellent with resolution of pulmonary hypertension following early repair. Late repair caries higher risk of persistent pulmonary hypertension (37.5%). About one-third of the patients who had truncus arteriosus repair will require re-intervention within 38±38.4 months after initial surgery.
Neuropsychological Impairments and Their Cognitive Architecture in Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) with Lewy Bodies and MCI-Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Ciafone Joanna , Thomas Alan , Durcan Rory , Donaghy Paul C , Hamilton Calum A , Lawley Sarah , Roberts Gemma , Colloby Sean , Firbank Michael J , Allan Louise , Petrides George , Taylor John-Paul , O’Brien John T , Gallagher Peter 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjective:The present study aimed to clarify the neuropsychological profile of the emergent diagnostic category of Mild Cognitive Impairment with Lewy bodies (MCI-LB) and determine whether domain-specific impairments such as in memory were related to deficits in domain-general cognitive processes (executive function or processing speed).Method:Patients (n = 83) and healthy age- and sex-matched controls (n = 34) underwent clinical and imaging assessments. Probable MCI-LB (n = 44) and MCI-Alzheimer’s disease (AD) (n = 39) were diagnosed following National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer’s Association (NIA-AA) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) consortium criteria. Neuropsychological measures included cognitive and psychomotor speed, executive function, working memory, and verbal and visuospatial recall.Results:MCI-LB scored significantly lower than MCI-AD on processing speed [Trail Making Test B: p = .03, g = .45; Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST): p = .04, g = .47; DSST Error Check: p < .001, g = .68] and executive function [Trail Making Test Ratio (A/B): p = .04, g = .52] tasks. MCI-AD performed worse than MCI-LB on memory tasks, specifically visuospatial (Modified Taylor Complex Figure: p = .01, g = .46) and verbal (Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test: p = .04, g = .42) delayed recall measures. Stepwise discriminant analysis correctly classified the subtype in 65.1% of MCI patients (72.7% specificity, 56.4% sensitivity). Processing speed accounted for more group-associated variance in visuospatial and verbal memory in both MCI subtypes than executive function, while no significant relationships between measures were observed in controls (all ps > .05)Conclusions:MCI-LB was characterized by executive dysfunction and slowed processing speed but did not show the visuospatial dysfunction expected, while MCI-AD displayed an amnestic profile. However, there was considerable neuropsychological profile overlap and processing speed mediated performance in both MCI subtypes.
Reflections on the Spatial Performance of Atom Probe Tomography in the Analysis of Atomic Neighborhoods
Authors: Gault Baptiste , Klaes Benjamin , Morgado Felipe F , Freysoldt Christoph , Li Yue , De Geuser Frederic , Stephenson Leigh T , Vurpillot François 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Atom probe tomography (APT) is often introduced as providing “atomic-scale” mapping of the composition of materials and as such is often exploited to analyze atomic neighborhoods within a material. Yet quantifying the actual spatial performance of the technique in a general case remains challenging, as it depends on the material system being investigated as well as on the specimen's geometry. Here, by using comparisons with field-ion microscopy experiments, field-ion imaging and field evaporation simulations, we provide the basis for a critical reflection on the spatial performance of APT in the analysis of pure metals, low alloyed systems and concentrated solid solutions (i.e., akin to high-entropy alloys). The spatial resolution imposes strong limitations on the possible interpretation of measured atomic neighborhoods, and directional neighborhood analyses restricted to the depth are expected to be more robust. We hope this work gets the community to reflect on its practices, in the same way, it got us to reflect on our work.
End-of-life dreams and visions as perceived by palliative care professionals: A qualitative study
Authors: Nyblom Stina , Molander Ulla , Benkel Inger 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveEnd-of-life dreams and visions (ELDVs) have been suggested to be prevalent psychic phenomena near death that can provide meaning and comfort for the dying. There is a lack of studies from the secular Nordic countries. The aim of this study was to determine whether palliative care professionals in a Nordic country have experience of patients expressing dreams, visions, and/or inner experiences and, if so, how they are perceived.MethodFocus-group interviews with 18 professionals in end-of-life palliative care were subjected to qualitative content analysis.ResultsMost (15/18) professionals had experience of patients with ELDVs. A dominant content was deceased loved ones. According to most professionals, many patients perceived their ELDVs as real and could report them with clarity. The experience could result in peacefulness for patients, as well as loved ones, and reduce fear of death. Some professionals themselves perceived ELDVs to be real and a normal part of dying while a few found them scary. Most professionals, however, found ELDVs hard to grasp. Many tried to explain the phenomena as the result of medical circumstances and confusion, although reporting that they considered most patients to be normal and of sound mind in connection with their reports on ELDVs. Most patients wanted to talk about their ELDVs, but some could be reluctant due to fear of being considered crazy. The professionals were open-minded and reported having no problem talking about it with the patients and tried to normalize the experience thereby calming the patient and loved ones.Significance of resultsThe results strengthen the suggestion that ELDVs are common phenomena near death, worldwide. Although most professionals in palliative care recognized ELDVs as beneficial to patients, many found the phenomena hard to grasp and sometimes difficult to distinguish from confusion, indicating a continuous need for exploration and education.