bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Month of birth and mental disorders: A population‐based study and validation using global meta‐analysis
Authors: Hsu Chih‐Wei , Tseng Ping‐Tao , Tu Yu‐Kang , Lin Pao‐Yen , Hung Chi‐Fa , Liang Chih‐Sung , Hsieh Yun‐Yu , Yang Yao‐Hsu , Wang Liang‐Jen , Kao Hung‐Yu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveMonth of birth (MOB) is associated with specified mental disorders (MDs). However, whether these relationships extend to all MDs remains unclear. We investigate the association using a population‐based cohort study and a meta‐analysis.MethodsFirst, we examined patients with 34 DSM‐5‐classified MDs in the Taiwan national database. We estimated the relative risk ratios (RR) of each illness in each MOB relative to that in the general population and assessed the periodicity, with six further sensitivity analyses. Second, we searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane for related articles through 31 December 2020. We used a random‐effects model, pooled RRs with 95% confidence intervals of each MOB from the identified studies, and transformed them from MOB to relative age in a year or season.ResultsThe cohort included 1,951,777 patients. Except for posttraumatic stress disorder, dissociative disorders, feeding/eating disorders, gender dysphoria, and paraphilic disorders, the other MDs had significant MOB periodicity. The meta‐analysis included 51 studies investigating 10 MDs. The youngest age at the start of school owing to MOB was associated with the highest RRs of intellectual disability (1.13), autism (1.05), attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (1.13). Winter births had significant risks of schizophrenia (1.04), bipolar I disorder (1.02), and major depressive disorder (1.01), and autumn births had a significant risk of alcohol use disorder (1.02). No significant associations between season of birth and Alzheimer's disease, or eating disorders were found.ConclusionsMOB is related to the risks of certain MDs. This finding provides a reference for future research on the etiology of MDs.
Ten years of uterine rupture in an Australian tertiary hospital
Authors: Wu Christine , McGee Therese 
Published: April 2021

AimsComplete uterine rupture is a rare and serious complication of pregnancy. Although most commonly associated with attempted vaginal birth after caesarean (VBAC), rupture also occurs in atypical/non‐VBAC cases. This retrospective, single‐tertiary‐institution observational study aimed to assess the prevalence and morbidity of complete uterine rupture during 2010–2020.MethodsHospital discharge codes and local maternity databases identified uterine rupture cases, with medical record reviews confirming the diagnosis, distinguishing complete rupture from dehiscence, and extracting additional data. VBAC attempt was defined as planned labour trial after one prior caesarean.ResultsOver the decade, 27 complete ruptures occurred among 58 614 women, a rate of 4.6 per 10 000 births. One woman with three successive fundal ruptures had only the first included in further analysis, leaving 25 discrete women; 19 ruptures occurred in term planned VBAC attempts and six in preterm atypical/non‐VBAC cases (two nulliparas and four women with multiple prior caesareans). The VBAC‐attempt rupture rate was 0.74%, similar to published reports. All five perinatal deaths occurred in preterm atypical/non‐VBAC cases. In the term VBAC‐attempt group, rupture‐related perinatal morbidity included four cases (21%) of hypoxic‐ischaemic encephalopathy, with two cases (11%) of cerebral palsy at follow‐up. Overall, perinatal morbidity was highest with total fetal extrusion. Maternal blood loss ≥1500 mL or transfusion was almost threefold higher, and postnatal length‐of‐stay was three days longer, after vaginal than caesarean birth, with delay in rupture recognition being a factor.ConclusionA high suspicion index for uterine rupture is imperative during any labour, particularly in the scarred uterus, with vigilance continuing after successful vaginal birth.
Overcoming bacteriophage insensitivity in Staphylococcus aureus using clindamycin and azithromycinat subinhibitory concentrations
Authors: Liu Sha , Zhao Yin , Hayes Andrew , Hon Karen , Zhang Guimin , Bennett Catherine , Hu Hua , Finnie John , Morales Sandra , Shearwin Linda , Psaltis Alkis J. , Shearwin Keith , Wormald Peter‐John , Vreugde Sarah 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundStaphylococcus aureus is a pathogen of major concern in both acute infections and chronic conditions such as chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Bacteriophage (phage) therapy has recently regained interest for its potential to treat infections caused by antibiotic resistant strains including Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). However, bacteria can adapt and become resistant to phages. The aim of this study is to determine the potential for antibiotics to overcome phage resistance.MethodsThe susceptibility of S. aureus clinical isolates (CIs) to phages J‐Sa36, Sa83 and Sa87 alone or in combination with protein synthesis inhibitor (PSI) antibiotics clindamycin, azithromycin and erythromycin was assessed using plaque spot assays, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays, double layer spot assays and resazurin assays. The safety and efficacy of subinhibitory PSI antibiotics in combination with phage was tested in a Sprague Dawley rat model of sinusitis infected with a phage resistant S. aureus CI.ResultsAll three antibiotics at subinhibitory concentrations showed synergy when combined with all 3 phages against S. aureus CIs in planktonic and biofilm form and could sensitize phage‐resistant S. aureus to promote phage infection. The combination of topical subinhibitory clindamycin or azithromycin and phage was safe and could eradicate S. aureus sinonasal biofilms in vivo.ConclusionSubinhibitory concentrations of PSI antibiotics could sensitize phage‐resistant S. aureus and MRSA strains to phages in vitro and in vivo. This data supports the potential use of phage‐PSI antibiotic combination therapies, in particular for difficult‐to‐treat infections with phage‐resistant S. aureus and MRSA strains.
Nemonoxacin dosage adjustment in patients with severe renal impairment based on population pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analysis
Authors: Li Yi , Lu Jianda , Kang Yue , Xu Xiaoyong , Li Xin , Chen Yuancheng , Wang Kun , Liu Xiaofen , Fan Yaxin , Wu Hailan , Wang Yu , Hu Jiali , Yu Jicheng , Wu Jufang , Guo Beining , Zhang Yingyuan , Zeng Xin , Zhao Ming , Xue Jun , Zhang Jing 
Published: April 2021

AimsTo optimize the dosing regimen in patients with severe renal impairment based on population pharmacokinetic (PPK)/pharmacodynamic analysis.MethodsThe pharmacokinetics and safety of nemonoxacin was evaluated in a single‐dose, open‐label, nonrandomized, parallel‐group study after single oral dose of a 0.5‐g nemonoxacin capsule in 10 patients with severe renal impairment and 10 healthy controls. Both blood and urine samples were collected within 72 hours after admission and determined the concentrations. A PPK model was built using nonlinear mixed effects modelling. The probability of target attainment and the cumulative fraction of response against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus was calculated by Monte Carlo simulation.ResultsThe data best fitted a 2‐compartment model, from which the PPK parameters were estimated, including clearance (8.55 L/h), central compartment volume (80.8 L) and peripheral compartment volume (50.6 L). The accumulative urinary excretion was 23.4 ± 6.5% in severe renal impairment patients and 66.1 ± 16.8% in healthy controls. PPK/pharmacodynamic modelling and simulation of 4 dosage regimens found that nemonoxacin 0.5 g every 48 hours (q48h) was the optimal dosing regimen in severe renal impairment patients, evidenced by higher probability of target attainment (92.7%) and cumulative fraction of response (>99%) at nemonoxacin minimum inhibitory concentration ≤ 1 mg/L against S. pneumoniae and S. aureus. The alternative regimens (0.25 g q24h; loading dose 0.5 g on Day 1 followed by 0.25 g q24h) were insufficient to cover the pathogens even if minimum inhibitory concentration = 1 mg/L.ConclusionAn extended dosing interval (0.5 g q48h) may be appropriate for optimal efficacy of nemonoxacin in case of severe renal impairment.
Improving engagement with services to prevent Sudden Unexpected Death in Infancy (SUDI) in families with children at risk of significant harm: A systematic review of evidence
Authors: Garstang Joanna , Watson Debbie , Pease Anna , Ellis Catherine , Blair Peter S. , Fleming Peter 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper reports part of a wider systematic review commissioned by the English National Safeguarding Panel on Sudden Unexpected Death in Infancy (SUDI). The wider review covered three areas: interventions to improve safer sleep practices in high‐risk families, interventions to improve engagement with services and decision making by parents at high risk of SUDI about infant sleep environments. Here, we report the qualitative and quantitative studies reviewed under the engagement strand. Parental engagement is understood to be a multidimensional task for health and social care professionals comprising attitudinal, relational and behavioural components. Following a PROSPERO registered systematic review synthesizing the three strands outlined, 28 papers were found to be relevant in the review of interventions to improve engagement with services in families with children at risk of significant harm through abuse or neglect. No studies were found that specifically focused on engagement of families at high risk for SUDI, so these wider engagement studies were included. The different types of intervention reported in the included studies are described under two broad themes: Enablers (including parental motivation and working with families) and Barriers. Given the focus in the studies on interventions that support parental engagement, the Enablers theme is more extensive than the Barriers reported although all studies noted well‐understood barriers. The evidence underpinning these interventions and approaches are reviewed in this paper. We conclude that effective engagement is facilitated by experienced professionals given time to develop supportive non‐judgemental relationships with families in their homes, working long‐term, linking with communities and other services. While these conclusions have been drawn from wider studies aimed at reducing child maltreatment, we emphasize lessons to be drawn for SUDI prevention work with families with children at risk of significant harm.
Predicting Middle School Profiles of Algebra Performance Using Fraction Knowledge
Authors: Barbieri Christina Areizaga , Young Laura K. , Newton Kristie J. , Booth Julie L. 
Published: April 2021

Fraction knowledge and algebraic skill are closely linked. Algebra is a gatekeeper for advanced courses (Booth & Newton, 2012; Brown & Quinn, 2007). This study uses the person‐centered approach of latent profile analysis to examine individual differences in middle schoolers’ (N = 350) algebra performance at the end of the year (EOY). The relative importance of a range of fraction skills is considered in predicting the likelihood of displaying a particular profile of EOY algebra knowledge, measured by feature knowledge, equation encoding, equation solving, and word‐problem skills. Notably, fraction number line estimation did not predict algebra performance on any of the four measures. Fraction arithmetic at the beginning of the year is most predictive of displaying the highest performing EOY algebra profile.
Nonsense‐mediated mRNA decay efficiency influences bleeding severity in ITGA2B c.2659C > T (p.Q887X) knock‐in mice
Authors: Xie Zhanli , Jiang Jiang , Cao Lijuan , Jiang Miao , Yang Fei , Ma Zhenni , Wang Zhaoyue , Ruan Changgeng , Liu Hong , Zhou Lu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGlanzmann's thrombasthenia (GT) is a severe hemorrhagic disease. It is caused by mutations in ITGA2B or ITGB3, which are the respective genes encoding integrin αIIb and β3. Despite widespread mutational analysis, the mechanisms underlying the extensive variability in bleeding severity observed among affected individuals remains poorly understood. In order to explore the mechanisms conferring for bleeding heterogeneity, three GT patients with ITGA2B c.2671C > T (p.Q891X) who possessed different bleeding scores were studied. Analysis showed that there was significant difference in nonsense‐mediated mRNA decay (NMD) efficiency among the three patients. These differences positively correlated with their bleeding score. Next, a knock‐in mouse model (KI mice) with the ITGA2B c.2659C > T (p.Q887X) was generated using CRISPR/Cas9. Importantly, this mutation is homologous to ITGA2B c.2671C > T (p.Q891X) in humans. The bleeding time of KI mice was significantly in comparison to the wide‐type mice. Interestingly, bleeding was stopped after treatment with caffeine, which is a known NMD inhibitor. This suggests that NMD efficiency potentially influences bleeding severity in ITGA2B c.2659C > T (p.Q887X) KI mice.
Exploring the views of adolescents with type 1 diabetes on digital mental health interventions: What functionality and content do they want?
Authors: Boggiss Anna L. , Consedine Nathan S. , Schache Kiralee R. , Wallace‐Boyd Kate , Cao Nicholas , Hofman Paul L. , Serlachius Anna S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundAdolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) experience higher rates of psychological disorders compared with their healthy peers. As poor psychological health has been associated with suboptimal glycaemic control and more frequent complications, there is an urgent need to develop more ‘clinically usable’ interventions. Digital mental health interventions offer unique advantages compared with in‐person interventions; however, what adolescents with T1D want in terms of content and functionality is poorly understood. Accordingly, the current study conducted focus groups to examine the views of adolescents with T1D regarding digital mental health interventions.MethodsFour focus groups were conducted, including 16 adolescents with T1D, ranging from 13 to 17 years in age (69% female). Transcripts were analysed using directed content analysis to examine (1) ‘what adolescents dislike about existing digital mental health interventions?’ and (2) ‘what adolescents want in future digital mental health interventions?’.ResultsFindings provide a preliminary understanding of what adolescents dislike and also the type of content and functional features, which may be important to include in digital mental health programs for this population, such as a peer support feature (reported by 16 of 16), emotion and diabetes check‐in feature (11 of 16) and diabetes‐relevant content (12 of 16).ConclusionsEarly data suggest that digital mental health interventions should include a significant peer support element, diabetes‐relevant content and examples, and check‐in on their mental health and diabetes self‐management regularly, while avoiding fixed responses or modules and non‐age‐appropriate content. Based on these findings, a digital intervention is currently being developed.
TYK 2 inhibitors for the treatment of dermatologic conditions: the evolution of JAK inhibitors
Authors: Jo Christine E. , Gooderham Melinda , Beecker Jennifer 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIncreasing understanding of cytokines as major drivers of immune‐mediated diseases has revolutionized targeted treatments for these conditions. As the pathogenesis of autoimmune conditions is mediated by a complex interplay of various cytokines, Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors have been of particular interest due to their ability to target multiple cytokines simultaneously. However, due to safety concerns with first generation JAK inhibitors, most notably from JAK2 and JAK3 inhibition, interest has shifted to more selective inhibition of TYK2. Three key TYK2 inhibitors that have advanced furthest in clinical trials for treatment of dermatologic autoimmune conditions are deucravacitinib (BMS‐986165), brepocitinib (PF‐06700841), and PF‐06826647. This review outlines the current understanding of the efficacy and safety of these three TYK2 inhibitors from completed phase I and II studies and summarizes studies currently in progress for dermatologic conditions.
Does real earnings smoothing reduce investors’ perceived risk?
Authors: Kim Jeong‐Bon , Wang Jeff J. , Zhang Eliza Xia 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study examines whether real earnings smoothing influences equity and credit investors’ perceptions of risk. Using a large sample of US public firms, we find that real earnings smoothing is negatively associated with option‐implied volatility, suggesting that real earnings smoothing lowers equity investors’ perceived risk. We also find that real earnings smoothing is negatively associated with credit default swap spread, implying that real earnings smoothing lowers credit investors’ perceived risk. Our results are robust to multiple sensitivity analyses and to various tests used to address potential endogeneity. Moreover, the effect of real earnings smoothing is greater than that of accrual‐based smoothing, suggesting that real earnings smoothing is more difficult for investors to detect and unravel. Overall, our study documents a new factor that influences both equity and credit investors’ ex‐ante perceptions of risk.
It's the tone, stupid! Soft information in credit rating reports and financial markets
Authors: Kiesel Florian 
Published: April 2021

AbstractUsing a unique, comprehensive data set of 6110 Moody's rating reports from 2004 to 2019, I find that the textual tone of credit rating reports has a significant effect on the credit default swap (CDS) and stock markets. This effect is driven by negative watchlist reports. The results show that the negative tone of these watchlist reports, in particular, leads to a widening in CDS spreads and lower abnormal stock returns. It also indicates that the rating is likely to be downgraded. These findings show the importance of credit rating agencies as information sources for financial markets.
Progranulin in neurodegenerative dementia
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Ming , Zeng Peng , Fang Ying‐Yan , Zhang Teng , Tian Qing 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLong‐term or severe lack of protective factors is important in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative dementia. Progranulin (PGRN), a neurotrophic factor expressed mainly in neurons and microglia, has various neuroprotective effects such as anti‐inflammatory effects, promoting neuron survival and neurite growth, and participating in normal lysosomal function. Mutations in the PGRN gene (GRN) have been found in several neurodegenerative dementias, including frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Herein, PGRN deficiency and PGRN hydrolytic products (GRNs) in the pathological changes related to dementia, including aggregation of tau and TAR DNA‐binding protein 43 (TDP‐43), amyloid‐β (Aβ) overproduction, neuroinflammation, lysosomal dysfunction, neuronal death, and synaptic deficit have been summarized. Furthermore, as some therapeutic strategies targeting PGRN have been developed in various models, we highlighted PGRN as a potential anti‐neurodegeneration target in dementia.image
Promising tacrine/huperzine A‐based dimeric acetylcholinesterase inhibitors for neurodegenerative disorders: From relieving symptoms to modifying diseases through multitarget
Authors: Mak Shinghung , Li Wenming , Fu Hongjun , Luo Jialie , Cui Wei , Hu Shengquan , Pang Yuanping , Carlier Paul R. , Tsim Karl Wahkeung , Pi Rongbiao , Han Yifan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNeurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, are devastating diseases in the elderly world, which are closely associated with progressive neuronal loss induced by a variety of genetic and/or environmental factors. Unfortunately, currently available treatments for neurodegenerative disorders can only relieve the symptoms but not modify the pathological processes. Over the past decades, our group by collaborating with Profs. Yuan‐Ping Pang and Paul R. Carlier has developed three series of homo/hetero dimeric acetylcholinesterase inhibitors derived from tacrine and/or huperzine A. The representative dimers bis(3)‐Cognitin (B3C), bis(12)‐hupyridone, and tacrine(10)‐hupyridone might possess disease‐modifying effects through the modulation ofN‐methyl‐d‐aspartic acid receptors, the activation of myocyte enhancer factor 2D gene transcription, and the promotion of neurotrophic factor secretion. In this review, we summarize that the representative dimers, such as B3C, provide neuroprotection against a variety of neurotoxins via multiple targets, including the inhibitions ofN‐methyl‐d‐aspartic acid receptor with pathological‐activated potential, neuronal nitric oxide synthase, and β‐amyloid cascades synergistically. More importantly, B3C might offer disease‐modifying potentials by activating myocyte enhancer factor 2D transcription, inducing neuritogenesis, and promoting the expressions of neurotrophic factors in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, the novel dimers might offer synergistic disease‐modifying effects, proving that dimerization might serve as one of the strategies to develop new generation of therapeutics for neurodegenerative disorders.image
Diapause and bet‐hedging strategies in insects: a meta‐analysis of reaction norm shapes
Authors: Joschinski Jens , Bonte Dries 
Published: April 2021

Many organisms escape from lethal climatological conditions by entering a resistant resting stage called diapause, which needs to be optimally timed with seasonal change. As climate change exerts selection pressure on phenology, the evolution of mean diapause timing, but also of phenotypic plasticity and bet‐hedging strategies is expected. The potential of the latter strategy as a means of coping with environmental unpredictability has received little attention in the climate change literature.Populations should be adapted to spatial variation in local conditions; contemporary patterns of phenological strategies across a geographic range may hence provide information about their evolvability. We thus extracted 458 diapause reaction norms from 60 studies. First, we correlated mean diapause timing with mean winter onset. Then we partitioned the reaction norm variance into a temporal component (phenotypic plasticity) and among‐offspring variance (diversified bet‐hedging) and correlated this variance composition with variability of winter onset. Mean diapause timing correlated reasonably well with mean winter onset, except for populations at high latitudes, which apparently failed to track early onsets. Variance among offspring was, however, limited and correlated only weakly with environmental variability, indicating little scope for bet‐hedging. The apparent lack of phenological bet‐hedging strategies may pose a risk in a less predictable climate, but we also highlight the need for more data on alternative strategies.