bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gut Microbiome in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Cox Laura M. , Maghzi Amir Hadi , Liu Shirong , Tankou Stephanie K. , Dhang Fyonn H. , Willocq Valerie , Song Anya , Wasén Caroline , Tauhid Shahamat , Chu Renxin , Anderson Mark C. , De Jager Philip L. , Polgar‐Turcsanyi Mariann , Healy Brian C. , Glanz Bonnie I. , Bakshi Rohit , Chitnis Tanuja , Weiner Howard L. 
Published: April 2021

ObjectiveThis study was undertaken to investigate the gut microbiome in progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) and how it relates to clinical disease.MethodsWe sequenced the microbiota from healthy controls and relapsing–remitting MS (RRMS) and progressive MS patients and correlated the levels of bacteria with clinical features of disease, including Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), quality of life, and brain magnetic resonance imaging lesions/atrophy. We colonized mice with MS‐derivedAkkermansiaand induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).ResultsMicrobiota β‐diversity differed between MS patients and controls but did not differ between RRMS and progressive MS or differ based on disease‐modifying therapies. Disease status had the greatest effect on the microbiome β‐diversity, followed by body mass index, race, and sex. In both progressive MS and RRMS, we found increasedClostridium bolteae,Ruthenibacterium lactatiformans, andAkkermansiaand decreasedBlautia wexlerae,Dorea formicigenerans, andErysipelotrichaceae CCMM. Unique to progressive MS, we found elevatedEnterobacteriaceaeandClostridium g24 FCEYand decreasedBlautiaandAgathobaculum. SeveralClostridiumspecies were associated with higher EDSS and fatigue scores. Contrary to the view that elevatedAkkermansiain MS has a detrimental role, we found thatAkkermansiawas linked to lower disability, suggesting a beneficial role. Consistent with this, we found thatAkkermansiaisolated from MS patients ameliorated EAE, which was linked to a reduction in RORγt+ and IL‐17–producing γδ T cells.InterpretationWhereas some microbiota alterations are shared in relapsing and progressive MS, we identified unique bacteria associated with progressive MS and clinical measures of disease. Furthermore, elevatedAkkermansiain MS may be a compensatory beneficial response in the MS microbiome. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:1195–1211
Mineral carbonation of CO2 with utilization of coal gasification slags based on chemical looping
Authors: Yu Changjun , Cai Lihong , Jiang Guoqiang , Shao Junjie , Wei Wei , Wang Ruyang , Jin Zhengwei , Jing Yunhuan , Wang Qi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAiming to utilize CO2 and solid waste form coal chemical industry synchronously, we proposed a novel process which integrated CO2 mineral carbonation and utilization of gasification slags based on chemical looping. With NH4Cl as the loop chemical, which generated HCl and NH3 through pyrolysis, the aluminum, calcium, and so forth were extracted by HCl from the coal slag, and CO2 was mineralized by calcium and NH3. NH4Cl was recovered after mineralization, and chemical looping was closed. A pilot setup with a capacity of 1‐kg CO2/h was conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of the chemical looping process. An airlift reactor was employed for mineral carbonation reaction, and conditions for extraction and mineral carbonation were optimized. The process presented the CO2 conversion of more than 90% with a calcium overall utilization ratio of 74.8%. The CO2 sequestration potential of the gasification slag is 121‐g CO2/kg slag, which is higher than that of steel slag and red mud. Calcium carbonate with the particle size of 1–10 μm can be obtained during the mineral carbonation. Simultaneously, the process extracted and enriched 62.3% of aluminum in the slag and enabled the deep utilization of the slag.
Nano‐curcumin/graphene platelets loaded on sodium alginate/polyvinyl alcohol fibers as potential wound dressing
Authors: Rezaei Marjan , Nikkhah Maryam , Mohammadi Soheila , Bahrami Seyed Hajir , Sadeghizadeh Majid 
Published: April 2021

AbstractInnovative composites of biopolymers and nanomaterials have been exploited to fabricate wound dressings which show functional abilities to improve different stages of wound healing by a variety of mechanisms. In this study, a polymeric nanocomposite dressing is fabricated by electrospinning of a blend of sodium alginate (SA), poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) and graphene nanoplatelets (Gnp). The crosslinking of the nanofibers is done by thermal treatment followed by ionic bonding of the fibers. The crosslinked fibers are loaded by curcumin, a natural potent anti‐inflammatory compound, encapsulated in monomethoxy poly ethylene glycol‐oleate micelles/polymersomes (NCur). Results indicate that by incorporation of Gnp and NCur into the SA/PVA scaffold the tensile strength is not changed (~7 MPa) but the elongation to break and toughness of the scaffolds significantly increase from 11.25±2.6 and 50.56 to 35.5±5.1% and 125.9 Jm‐3, respectively. The scaffolds support the controlled release of curcumin for 24 h in vitro. Biocompatibility of the scaffolds has been confirmed by cell viability assay on mouse fibroblast cells. Overall, the findings demonstrate the potential applications of the spun fibers for wound dressing purposes.
Clinical evaluation of the Hydra self‐expanding transcatheter aortic valve: 6 month results from the GENESIS trial
Authors: Chandra Praveen , Jose John , Mattummal Shafeeq , Mahajan Ajaykumar U. , Govindan Sajeev C. , Makhale Chandrashekhar N. , Chandra Sharad , Shetty Ranjan , Mohanan Sandeep , John John F. , Mehrotra Sanjay , Søndergaard Lars 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the safety and performance of the Hydra transcatheter aortic valve (THV) in the treatment of symptomatic severe aortic stenosis in patients at high or extreme surgical risk.BackgroundThe Hydra THV (Vascular Innovations Co. Ltd., Nonthaburi, Thailand) is a novel flexible repositionable self‐expanding system with supra‐annular bovine pericardial leaflets, available in three sizes, covering aortic annuli between 17 and 27 mm.MethodsThe GENESIS trial was a prospective, multi‐center, single‐arm, 6 month follow‐up study conducted in India. The primary performance endpoint was device success defined as per VARC‐II criteria at 30 days. The primary safety endpoint was all‐cause mortality at 30 days. All endpoints were adjudicated by an independent clinical events committee.ResultsForty high‐risk patients (74.5 ± 6.7 years, 60% men; STS Score:5.6 ± 4.2%) were enrolled in 11 centres. Device success was achieved in 92.5%. The effective orifice area improved from 0.7 ± 0.2 to 2.3 ± 0.6 cm2 at 30 days and to 2.2 ± 0.7 cm2 at 6 months (p < .0001). Mean aortic valve gradient decreased from 53.5 ± 18.1 to 8.9 ± 4.9 mmHg at 30 days and to 7.6 ± 2.7 mmHg at 6 months (p < .0001). The rate of new permanent pacemaker implantation was 7.5% at 30 days, and no patient had more than mild paravalvular leak at 6 months. The 30 days and 6 month all‐cause mortality was 10.0 and 17.5%, cardiovascular mortality 7.5 and 7.5%, device‐related mortality 5.0 and 5.0%, respectively. No patients had stroke up to 6 months.ConclusionsThe GENESIS trial demonstrated high efficacy of the self‐expanding Hydra THV. The cardiovascular mortality rate of 7.5% may partly be explained by the inclusion of some centres with no or limited previous experience in transcatheter aortic valve implantation.
Hydrosilane σ‐Adduct Intermediates in an Adaptive Zinc‐Catalyzed Cross‐dehydrocoupling of Si−H and O−H Bonds
Authors: Patnaik Smita , Kanbur Uddhav , Ellern Arkady , Sadow Aaron D. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThree‐coordinate PhBOX
ZnR (PhBOX
=phenyl‐(4,4‐dimethyl‐oxazolinato; R=Me: 2 a, Et: 2 b) catalyzes the dehydrocoupling of primary or secondary silanes and alcohols to give silyl ethers and hydrogen, with high turnover numbers (TON; up to 107) under solvent‐free conditions. Primary and secondary silanes react with small, medium, and large alcohols to give various degrees of substitution, from mono‐ to tri‐alkoxylation, whereas tri‐substituted silanes do not react with MeOH under these conditions. The effect of coordinative unsaturation on the behavior of the Zn catalyst is revealed through a dramatic variation of both rate law and experimental rate constants, which depend on the concentrations of both the alcohol and hydrosilane reactants. That is, the catalyst adapts its mechanism to access the most facile and efficient conversion. In particular, either alcohol or hydrosilane binds to the open coordination site on the PhBOX
ZnOR catalyst to form a PhBOX
ZnOR(HOR) complex under one set of conditions or an unprecedented σ‐adduct PhBOX
ZnOR(H−SiR′3) under other conditions. Saturation kinetics provide evidence for the latter species, in support of the hypothesis that σ‐bond metathesis reactions involving four‐centered electrocyclic 2σ–2σ transition states are preceded by σ‐adducts.
Composition and function of ciliary inner‐dynein‐arm subunits studied in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Yamamoto Ryosuke , Hwang Juyeon , Ishikawa Takashi , Kon Takahide , Sale Winfield S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMotile cilia (also interchangeably called “flagella”) are conserved organelles extending from the surface of many animal cells and play essential functions in eukaryotes, including cell motility and environmental sensing. Large motor complexes, the ciliary dyneins, are present on ciliary outer‐doublet microtubules and drive movement of cilia. Ciliary dyneins are classified into two general types: the outer dynein arms (ODAs) and the inner dynein arms (IDAs). While ODAs are important for generation of force and regulation of ciliary beat frequency, IDAs are essential for control of the size and shape of the bend, features collectively referred to as waveform. Also, recent studies have revealed unexpected links between IDA components and human diseases. In spite of their importance, studies on IDAs have been difficult since they are very complex and composed for several types of IDA motors, each unique in composition and location in the axoneme. Thanks in part to genetic, biochemical, and structural analysis of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, we are beginning to understand the organization and function of the ciliary IDAs. In this review, we summarize the composition of Chlamydomonas IDAs particularly focusing on each subunit, and discuss the assembly, conservation, and functional role(s) of these IDA subunits. Furthermore, we raise several additional questions/challenges regarding IDAs, and discuss future perspectives of IDA studies.
Outcomes of patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma treated with induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiation compared with those treated with concurrent chemoradiation
Authors: Guo Theresa W. , Saiyed Faiez , Yao Christopher M. K. L. , Kiong Kimberley L. , Martinez Julian , Sacks Ruth , Lee J. Jack , Moreno Amy C. , Frank Steven J. , Rosenthal David I. , Glisson Bonnie S. , Ferrarotto Renata , Mott Frank E. , Johnson Faye M. , Myers Jeffrey N. 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundInduction chemotherapy (IC) has been associated with a decreased risk of distant metastasis in locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. However, its role in the treatment of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is not well established.MethodsThe outcomes of patients with OPSCC treated with IC followed by concurrent chemoradiation (CRT) were compared with the outcomes of those treated with CRT alone. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS), and the secondary end points were the times to locoregional and distant recurrence.ResultsIn an existing database, 585 patients met the inclusion criteria: 137 received IC plus CRT, and 448 received CRT. Most patients were positive for human papillomavirus (HPV; 90.9%). Patients receiving IC were more likely to present with a higher T stage, a higher N stage, and low neck disease. The 3‐year OS rate was significantly lower in patients receiving IC (75.7%) versus CRT alone (92.9%). In a multicovariate analysis, receipt of IC (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 3.4; P < .001), HPV tumor status (aHR, 0.36; P = .002), and receipt of concurrent cetuximab (aHR, 2.7; P = .002) were independently associated with OS. The risk of distant metastasis was also significantly higher in IC patients (aHR, 2.8; P = .001), whereas an HPV‐positive tumor status (aHR, 0.44; P = .032) and completion of therapy (aHR, 0.51; P = .034) were associated with a lower risk of distant metastasis. In HPV‐positive patients, IC remained associated with distant metastatic progression (aHR, 2.6; P = .004) but not OS.ConclusionsIn contrast to prior studies, IC was independently associated with worse OS and a higher risk of distant metastasis in patients with OPSCC. Future studies are needed to validate these findings.
High‐risk endometrial cancer proteomic profiling reveals that FBXW7 mutation alters L1CAM and TGM2 protein levels
Authors: Urick Mary Ellen , Yu Eun‐Jeong , Bell Daphne W. 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundFBXW7 is frequently somatically mutated in grade 3 endometrioid endometrial cancers (G3EECs) and serous endometrial cancers (SECs), which are high‐risk cancers associated with poor outcomes and in need of novel treatment options. The aim of this study was to determine the proteomic effects of 3 FBXW7 mutations in high‐risk endometrial cancers (ECs).MethodsClustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) editing was used to generate 3 HEC‐50B G3EEC derivative cell lines, each of which harbored 1 FBXW7 mutation, and to revert an endogenous FBXW7 mutation in HEC‐1‐B grade 2 endometrioid endometrial cancer (G2EEC) cells to the wild‐type genotype. Proteomic profiling based on liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was used to determine protein differences between the HEC‐50B derivative lines and parental cells. Western blot analysis was performed to assess differential protein levels of CRISPR‐edited derivative lines originating from HEC‐50B, ARK1 (SEC), ARK4 (SEC), HEC‐1‐B, and JHUEM‐1 (G2EEC) cell lines in comparison with parental cells.ResultsResults of this study demonstrated the effects of FBXW7 mutations on the proteome and phosphoproteome of HEC‐50B G3EEC cells and highlighted proteins that also exhibited altered levels in FBXW7‐mutated ARK1 and ARK4 SEC cells, including 2 potentially druggable proteins: L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) and transglutaminase 2 (TGM2). Furthermore, they demonstrated that reversion of an endogenous FBXW7 mutation to the wild‐type genotype in JHUEM‐1 and HEC‐1‐B G2EEC cells resulted in decreased L1CAM and TGM2 protein levels.ConclusionsL1CAM and TGM2 protein levels are affected by FBXW7 mutations in ECs.
Migalastat Tissue Distribution: Extrapolation From Mice to Humans Using Pharmacokinetic Modeling and Comparison With Agalsidase Beta Tissue Distribution in Mice
Authors: Wu Yi Shuan , Khanna Richie , Schmith Virginia , Lun Yi , Shen Jin‐Song , Garcia Anadina , Dungan Leo , Perry Anthony , Martin Lukas , Tsai Pai‐Chi , Hamler Rick , Das Anibh M. , Schiffmann Raphael , Johnson Franklin K. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractApproved therapies for Fabry disease (FD) include migalastat, an oral pharmacological chaperone, and agalsidase beta and agalsidase alfa, 2 forms of enzyme replacement therapy. Broad tissue distribution may be beneficial for clinical efficacy in FD, which has severe manifestations in multiple organs. Here, migalastat and agalsidase beta biodistribution were assessed in mice and modeled using physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) analysis, and migalastat biodistribution was subsequently extrapolated to humans. In mice, migalastat concentration was highest in kidneys and the small intestine, 2 FD‐relevant organs. Agalsidase beta was predominantly sequestered in the liver and spleen (organs unaffected in FD). PBPK modeling predicted that migalastat 123 mg every other day resulted in concentrations exceeding the in vitro half‐maximal effective concentration in kidneys, small intestine, skin, heart, and liver in human subjects. However, extrapolation of mouse agalsidase beta concentrations to humans was unsuccessful. In conclusion, migalastat may distribute to tissues that are inaccessible to intravenous agalsidase beta in mice, and extrapolation of mouse migalastat concentrations to humans showed adequate tissue penetration, particularly in FD‐relevant organs.
The impact of comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder on eating disorder treatment outcomes: Investigating the unified treatment model
Authors: Mitchell Karen S. , Singh Simar , Hardin Sabrina , Thompson‐Brenner Heather 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPurposeMany women with eating disorders (EDs) have comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, there have been few studies on how comorbid PTSD may impact ED treatment outcomes.MethodParticipants were 2,809 patients from residential ED treatment facilities who were treated using the Unified Treatment Model (UTM). We investigated whether PTSD diagnosis at admission was associated with changes in Eating Disorder Examination‐Questionnaire (EDE‐Q) scores, binge eating, self‐induced vomiting, and restriction, across three time points, as well as clinically significant improvement and treatment drop‐out.ResultsUsing latent growth models, with time modeled as a second‐order polynomial, we found that EDE‐Q scores and behavioral symptoms decreased from admission to discharge, but increased from discharge to 6‐month follow‐up. PTSD diagnosis was associated with higher baseline EDE‐Q scores and restriction, and lower binge‐eating frequency. PTSD diagnosis was not associated with symptom change over time, treatment dropout, or clinically significant change.DiscussionAlthough PTSD diagnoses were associated with higher ED symptom levels at admission, PTSD was not associated with worse treatment outcomes, suggesting the UTM is a promising treatment for patients with and without PTSD. Future studies should investigate the impact of ED treatment on PTSD symptoms in order to determine the need for integrated treatments for these comorbid conditions.
Mindfully motivated: Can a brief session of mindfulness meditation enhance motivation towards personal goals?
Authors: Smyth Aidan , Milyavskaya Marina 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRecent research suggests that mindfulness meditation may impair motivation towards traditional laboratory tasks. The present research explored the effects of meditation on motivation towards personal goals and an anagram task. In Study 1 (n = 200), participants in the mindfulness condition reported greater goal motivation than those in a comparison podcast condition (due to a decrease in the podcast condition); this difference remained 10 min later. Exploratory analyses revealed no differences between conditions in post‐manipulation anagram motivation. In Study 2 (n = 120), participants in the mindfulness condition reported greater goal motivation than those in the podcast condition; this difference remained 20 min later. There were no differences between conditions in anagram motivation. Furthermore, goal motivation increased from before to after meditating, whereas anagram motivation remained the same. These findings oppose the notion that meditation impairs motivation and instead suggest that meditation may offer motivational benefits for personal goal pursuit.
Electrochemical Biosensor Design with Multi‐walled Carbon Nanotube to Display DNA‐Schiff Base Interaction
Authors: Munir Azeema , Bozal‐Palabiyik Burcin , Eren Gokcen , Shah Afzal , Ali Saqib , Uddin Noor , Uslu Bengi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper demonstrates a Schiff base i. e. 5‐(diethylamino)‐2‐((2,6‐diethylphenylimino)methyl)phenol (5‐DDMP) that was sensed by DNA biosensor. dsDNA was immobilized onto GCE modified with functionalized multi‐walled carbon nanotubes to prepare a biosensor. The efficiency of dsDNA biosensor was determined and binding of 5‐DDMP with dsDNA was searched by UV‐vis spectrophotometry and differential pulse voltammetry. Molecular docking simulations between 5‐DDMP and dsDNA were explored and as a result, a hydrogen bond and a π‐π contact were observed between 5‐DDMP and deoxyguanosine base (dG22) of the strand B, deoxyadenosine base (dA5) of the strand A, respectively. These studies could be useful for new anticancer drug design and development.
Synthesis Efforts of Acyclic Bis(monoalkylamino)maleonitriles and Macrocyclic Bis(dialkylamino)maleonitriles as Fluorescent Probes for Cations and a New Colorimetric Copper(II) Chemodosimeter
Authors: Schwarze Thomas , Sperlich Eric , Müller Thomas , Kelling Alexandra , Holdt Hans‐Jürgen 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this article, we report on the synthesis of acyclic bis(monoalkylamino)maleonitriles and on the intended synthesis of macrocyclic bis(dialkylamino)maleonitriles to get fluorescent probes for cations. During our efforts to synthesize macrocyclic bis(dialkylamino)maleonitriles, we were only able to isolate macrocyclic bis(dialkylamino)‐fumaronitriles. The synthesis of macrocyclic bis(dialkylamino)maleonitriles is challenging, due to the fact that bis‐(dialkylamino)fumaronitriles are thermodynamically more stable than the corresponding bis(dialkylamino)‐maleonitriles. Further, it turned out that the acyclic bis(monoalkylamino)maleonitriles and macrocyclic bis‐(dialkylamino)fumaronitriles are no suitable tools to detect cations by a strong fluorescence enhancement. Further, only the bis(monoalkylamino)maleonitriles, which are bearing a 2‐pyridyl unit as an additional complexing unit, are able to selectively recognize copper(II) by a color change from yellow to red.
Effect of radio frequency glow‐discharge treatment of titanium on human gingival fibroblasts as a function of distance
Authors: Ali Aya , Visser Michelle B. , Ehrensberger Mark T. , Meyer Anne E. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe mechanical stability and long‐term success of an implant depends on the early healing phase and osseointegration of the bone around it. In addition, a healthy gingival tissue around the implant acts as a barrier that prevents bacteria and pathological byproducts from reaching the implant site. This study investigated the in‐vitro attachment and spreading of human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) on bacterial grade polystyrene (PS) at different distances from radio‐frequency glow‐discharge (RFGD)‐treated commercially pure titanium (cpTi) specimens. Controls included sterile cpTi specimens without RFGD treatment. A second set of experiments utilized media transferred to new bacterial grade polystyrene dishes (no cpTi) after the medium was conditioned by exposure to cpTi, either with or without RFGD treatment, for 24 hr. Surface characterization of the dishes was conducted through contact angle measurements and infrared spectroscopy. Cell numbers and surface areas were determined from Image J analysis of multiple microscopic images of fixed, stained cells. The results showed significantly greater numbers and surface areas on bacterial grade PS dishes at distances up to 15 mm from the RFGD‐treated cpTi groups than for the controls. Moreover, a significant effect of the conditioned medium from RFGD‐treated cpTi versus control cultures was shown on the numbers of fibroblasts attached to bacterial grade polystyrene dishes after 24 hr (p < 0.005) and 48 hr (p = 0.002) incubation. Surface areas of cells exposed to conditioned medium were not significantly different (p ≥ 0.05). Surface characterization of the PS dishes showed a higher value of the critical surface tensions of the treated group when compared to the control group.