bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the concurrent use of standardised and idiographic measures to assess cognitive behavioural therapy in a university student with autistic spectrum condition – a single case experimental design
Authors: Birdsey Nicola , Walz Linda 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Limited research has directly addressed the challenges of higher education for students with autism, who face additional difficulties in navigating social, personal and academic obstacles. With more students experiencing mental health difficulties whilst at university, therapeutic interventions on offer need to be suitable for those accessing support. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is widely used to support university students, as it is firmly established as an effective treatment for a range of issues, including social and generalised anxiety in typically developing populations (NICE, 2013; NICE, 2019). However, the efficacy of CBT for individuals with autistic spectrum condition (ASC) is less well known, despite the high prevalence rates of anxiety in this population. This paper seeks to address a gap in the literature and uses a single-case (A-B) experimental design over 16 sessions to reduce co-morbid social and generalised anxiety in a university student with high-functioning ASC. Clark’s (2001) cognitive model of social anxiety and Wells’ (1997) cognitive model of generalised anxiety were employed to formulate anxiety experienced in this case. Standardised outcome measures were used for social anxiety, i.e. the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN), and generalised anxiety, i.e. the Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), in conjunction with idiographic ratings to assess the impact of therapy. Findings indicate that CBT was an acceptable and useful intervention with mixed results; discrepancies were found between clinical change recorded on standardised measures compared with idiographic ratings. This paper discusses the use of standardised measures of anxiety for individuals with ASC and identifies directions for further research.

Key learning aims

(1)
To appreciate the unique mental health challenges of university students with ASC.

(2)
To identify psychological interventions that are suitable for individuals with ASC.

(3)
To consider the value in employing more than one evidence-based cognitive model of anxiety when clients present with co-morbid mental health issues.

(4)
To question the utility of using standardised outcome measures compared with idiographic measures in therapy.
Environmental impacts of physical and dynamical characteristics of the southern coastal waters of the Caspian Sea
Authors: JAMSHIDI Siamak , JAFARI Mahdieh 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTThis research evaluated the variability of current characteristics and seawater properties in the middle part of the southern shelf of the Caspian Sea. The effect of the coastal flow on marine debris dispreading was assessed in the southern Caspian Sea for the first time. The findings showed the existence of thermal stratification containing seasonal thermocline with thickness of about 40 m in the water column. Maximum monthly along-shore current velocities around 1.3 m s−1 were observed in November and December. Monthly variations were clearly found in both flow velocity and local wind components. However, no significant levels of correlation between wind and current speeds were observed during the study in the region. In some cases, the mean monthly cross-shore component velocities were measured at about 29 cm s−1 in November. The findings indicated that there was no upwelling phenomenon associated to the regional wind in the study area. In situ current measurements indicated dominant east and north-northeast directions, presumably related to the effect of general circulation in the southern basin. Current profiles in the water column displayed similarity in directions at 10, 15 and 20 m depths over the continental shelf. The field samples and analysis revealed that the soft and smaller-scale seawater litters can be carried long distances by the current along the coast. Most coastal based and marine litters originated from the tourist activities (in the middle and western parts of the shores) and waste emanated from the river (Tonekabon-Nowshahr).
Wind Tunnel Validation of a Particle Tracking Model to Evaluate the Wind‐Induced Bias of Precipitation Measurements
Authors: Cauteruccio A. , Brambilla E. , Stagnaro M. , Lanza L. G. , Rocchi D. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA physical full‐scale experimental set‐up was designed and implemented in the wind tunnel to reproduce and capture the trajectories of falling water drops when approaching the collector of catching type precipitation gauges, reproducing rainfall measurements in windy conditions. The experiment allowed to collect, for the first time, a large data set of high‐resolution footages of the deviation of such trajectories, as induced by the bluff‐body aerodynamics of the outer gauge shape. By processing the collected images, a consistent quantitative interpretation of each drop pattern was possible, based on a detailed Computational Fluid Dynamics simulation of the airflow updraft and acceleration features above the collector of the gauge. Numerical airflow simulations were extensively validated in the wind tunnel, using local flow measurements and Particle Image Velocimetry. Capturing the deviation of the drop trajectories in the wind tunnel allowed a clear visualization of the physical reason for the wind‐induced undercatch of precipitation gauges, since drops were individually observed to fall outside instead of inside of the collector, contrary to what would be expected by extrapolating their undisturbed trajectory. The adopted Lagrangian Particle Tracking model and the formulation used for the drag coefficient were suitable to closely reproduce the observed drop trajectories when affected by the airflow deformation due to the bluff‐body aerodynamics of two investigated gauge geometries. The wind tunnel experiment provided the basis for the validation of the particle tracking model in terms of the difference between simulated and observed trajectories, after initial conditions were suitably set to represent the experimental setup.
Decline in symbiont-dependent host detoxification metabolism contributes to increased insecticide susceptibility of insects under high temperature
Authors: Zhang Yunhua , Cai Tingwei , Ren Zhijie , Liu Yu , Yuan Maojun , Cai Yongfeng , Yu Chang , Shu Runhang , He Shun , Li Jianhong , Wong Adam C N , Wan Hu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The interactions between insects and their bacterial symbionts are shaped by a variety of abiotic factors, including temperature. As global temperatures continue to break high records, a great deal of uncertainty surrounds how agriculturally important insect pests and their symbionts may be affected by elevated temperatures, and its implications for future pest management. In this study, we examine the role of bacterial symbionts in the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens response to insecticide (imidacloprid) under different temperature scenarios. Our results reveal that the bacterial symbionts orchestrate host detoxification metabolism via the CncC pathway to promote host insecticide resistance, whereby the symbiont-inducible CncC pathway acts as a signaling conduit between exogenous abiotic stimuli and host metabolism. However, this insect-bacterial partnership function is vulnerable to high temperature, which causes a significant decline in host-bacterial content. In particular, we have identified the temperature-sensitive Wolbachia as a candidate player in N. lugens detoxification metabolism. Wolbachia-dependent insecticide resistance was confirmed through a series of insecticide assays and experiments comparing Wolbachia-free and Wolbachia-infected N. lugens and also Drosophila melanogaster. Together, our research reveals elevated temperatures negatively impact insect-bacterial symbiosis, triggering adverse consequences on host response to insecticide (imidacloprid) and potentially other xenobiotics.
Global LiDAR land elevation data reveal greatest sea-level rise vulnerability in the tropics
Authors: Hooijer A. , Vernimmen R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCoastal flood risk assessments require accurate land elevation data. Those to date existed only for limited parts of the world, which has resulted in high uncertainty in projections of land area at risk of sea-level rise (SLR). Here we have applied the first global elevation model derived from satellite LiDAR data. We find that of the worldwide land area less than 2 m above mean sea level, that is most vulnerable to SLR, 649,000 km2 or 62% is in the tropics. Even assuming a low-end relative SLR of 1 m by 2100 and a stable lowland population number and distribution, the 2020 population of 267 million on such land would increase to at least 410 million of which 72% in the tropics and 59% in tropical Asia alone. We conclude that the burden of current coastal flood risk and future SLR falls disproportionally on tropical regions, especially in Asia.
Suppression of HSF1 activity by wildtype p53 creates a driving force for p53 loss-of-heterozygosity
Authors: Isermann Tamara , Şener Özge Çiçek , Stender Adrian , Klemke Luisa , Winkler Nadine , Neesse Albrecht , Li Jinyu , Wegwitz Florian , Moll Ute M. , Schulz-Heddergott Ramona 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe vast majority of human tumors with p53 mutations undergo loss of the remaining wildtype p53 allele (loss-of-heterozygosity, p53LOH). p53LOH has watershed significance in promoting tumor progression. However, driving forces for p53LOH are poorly understood. Here we identify the repressive WTp53–HSF1 axis as one driver of p53LOH. We find that the WTp53 allele in AOM/DSS chemically-induced colorectal tumors (CRC) of p53R248Q/+ mice retains partial activity and represses heat-shock factor 1 (HSF1), the master regulator of the proteotoxic stress response (HSR) that is ubiquitously activated in cancer. HSR is critical for stabilizing oncogenic proteins including mutp53. WTp53-retaining CRC tumors, tumor-derived organoids and human CRC cells all suppress the tumor-promoting HSF1 program. Mechanistically, retained WTp53 activates CDKN1A/p21, causing cell cycle inhibition and suppression of E2F target MLK3. MLK3 links cell cycle with the MAPK stress pathway to activate the HSR response. In p53R248Q/+ tumors WTp53 activation by constitutive stress represses MLK3, thereby weakening the MAPK-HSF1 response necessary for tumor survival. This creates selection pressure for p53LOH which eliminates the repressive WTp53-MAPK-HSF1 axis and unleashes tumor-promoting HSF1 functions, inducing mutp53 stabilization enabling invasion.
Structural mechanism of laminin recognition by integrin
Authors: Arimori Takao , Miyazaki Naoyuki , Mihara Emiko , Takizawa Mamoru , Taniguchi Yukimasa , Cabañas Carlos , Sekiguchi Kiyotoshi , Takagi Junichi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRecognition of laminin by integrin receptors is central to the epithelial cell adhesion to basement membrane, but the structural background of this molecular interaction remained elusive. Here, we report the structures of the prototypic laminin receptor α6β1 integrin alone and in complex with three-chain laminin-511 fragment determined via crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy, respectively. The laminin-integrin interface is made up of several binding sites located on all five subunits, with the laminin γ1 chain C-terminal portion providing focal interaction using two carboxylate anchor points to bridge metal-ion dependent adhesion site of integrin β1 subunit and Asn189 of integrin α6 subunit. Laminin α5 chain also contributes to the affinity and specificity by making electrostatic interactions with large surface on the β-propeller domain of α6, part of which comprises an alternatively spliced X1 region. The propeller sheet corresponding to this region shows unusually high mobility, suggesting its unique role in ligand capture.
Tectonic and climatic drivers of Asian monsoon evolution
Authors: Thomson James R. , Holden Philip B. , Anand Pallavi , Edwards Neil R. , Porchier Cécile A. , Harris Nigel B. W. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAsian Monsoon rainfall supports the livelihood of billions of people, yet the relative importance of different drivers remains an issue of great debate. Here, we present 30 million-year model-based reconstructions of Indian summer monsoon and South East Asian monsoon rainfall at millennial resolution. We show that precession is the dominant direct driver of orbital variability, although variability on obliquity timescales is driven through the ice sheets. Orographic development dominated the evolution of the South East Asian monsoon, but Indian summer monsoon evolution involved a complex mix of contributions from orography (39%), precession (25%), atmospheric CO2 (21%), ice-sheet state (5%) and ocean gateways (5%). Prior to 15 Ma, the Indian summer monsoon was broadly stable, albeit with substantial orbital variability. From 15 Ma to 5 Ma, strengthening was driven by a combination of orography and glaciation, while closure of the Panama gateway provided the prerequisite for the modern Indian summer monsoon state through a strengthened Atlantic meridional overturning circulation.
Climate pacing of millennial sea-level change variability in the central and western Mediterranean
Authors: Vacchi Matteo , Joyse Kristen M. , Kopp Robert E. , Marriner Nick , Kaniewski David , Rovere Alessio 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFuture warming in the Mediterranean is expected to significantly exceed global values with unpredictable implications on the sea-level rise rates in the coming decades. Here, we apply an empirical-Bayesian spatio-temporal statistical model to a dataset of 401 sea-level index points from the central and western Mediterranean and reconstruct rates of sea-level change for the past 10,000 years. We demonstrate that the mean rates of Mediterranean industrial-era sea-level rise have been significantly faster than any other period since ~4000 years ago. We further highlight a previously unrecognized variability in Mediterranean sea-level change rates. In the Common Era, this variability correlates with the occurrence of major regional-scale cooling/warming episodes. Our data show a sea-level stabilization during the Late Antique Little Ice Age cold event, which interrupted a general rising trend of ~0.45 mm a−1 that characterized the warming episodes of the Common Era. By contrast, the Little Ice Age cold event had only minor regional effects on Mediterranean sea-level change rates.
Identification of magnetic interactions and high-field quantum spin liquid in α-RuCl3
Authors: Li Han , Zhang Hao-Kai , Wang Jiucai , Wu Han-Qing , Gao Yuan , Qu Dai-Wei , Liu Zheng-Xin , Gong Shou-Shu , Li Wei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe frustrated magnetα-RuCl3constitutes a fascinating quantum material platform that harbors the intriguing Kitaev physics. However, a consensus on its intricate spin interactions and field-induced quantum phases has not been reached yet. Here we exploit multiple state-of-the-art many-body methods and determine the microscopic spin model that quantitatively explains major observations inα-RuCl3, including the zigzag order, double-peak specific heat, magnetic anisotropy, and the characteristic M-star dynamical spin structure, etc. According to our model simulations, the in-plane field drives the system into the polarized phase at about 7 T and a thermal fractionalization occurs at finite temperature, reconciling observations in different experiments. Under out-of-plane fields, the zigzag order is suppressed at 35 T, above which, and below a polarization field of 100 T level, there emerges a field-induced quantum spin liquid. The fractional entropy and algebraic low-temperature specific heat unveil the nature of a gapless spin liquid, which can be explored in high-field measurements onα-RuCl3.
Controllable quantum point junction on the surface of an antiferromagnetic topological insulator
Authors: Varnava Nicodemos , Wilson Justin H. , Pixley J. H. , Vanderbilt David 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEngineering and manipulation of unidirectional channels has been achieved in quantum Hall systems, leading to the construction of electron interferometers and proposals for low-power electronics and quantum information science applications. However, to fully control the mixing and interference of edge-state wave functions, one needs stable and tunable junctions. Encouraged by recent material candidates, here we propose to achieve this using an antiferromagnetic topological insulator that supports two distinct types of gapless unidirectional channels, one from antiferromagnetic domain walls and the other from single-height steps. Their distinct geometric nature allows them to intersect robustly to form quantum point junctions, which then enables their control by magnetic and electrostatic local probes. We show how the existence of stable and tunable junctions, the intrinsic magnetism and the potential for higher-temperature performance make antiferromagnetic topological insulators a promising platform for electron quantum optics and microelectronic applications.
A cross-dehydrogenative C(sp3)−H heteroarylation via photo-induced catalytic chlorine radical generation
Authors: Huang Chia-Yu , Li Jianbin , Li Chao-Jun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHydrogen atom abstraction (HAT) from C(sp3)–H bonds of naturally abundant alkanes for alkyl radical generation represents a promising yet underexplored strategy in the alkylation reaction designs since involving stoichiometric oxidants, excessive alkane loading, and limited scope are common drawbacks. Here we report a photo-induced and chemical oxidant-free cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) between alkanes and heteroarenes using catalytic chloride and cobalt catalyst. Couplings of strong C(sp3)–H bond-containing substrates and complex heteroarenes, have been achieved with satisfactory yields. This dual catalytic platform features the in situ engendered chlorine radical for alkyl radical generation and exploits the cobaloxime catalyst to enable the hydrogen evolution for catalytic turnover. The practical value of this protocol was demonstrated by the gram-scale synthesis of alkylated heteroarene with merely 3 equiv. alkane loading.
Induction chemotherapy followed by definitive chemoradiotherapy versus chemoradiotherapy alone in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a randomized phase II trial
Authors: Liu Shiliang , Luo Liling , Zhao Lei , Zhu Yujia , Liu Hui , Li Qiaoqiao , Cai Ling , Hu Yonghong , Qiu Bo , Zhang Li , Shen Jingxian , Yang Yadi , Liu Mengzhong , Xi Mian 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis randomized phase II trial aims to compare the efficacy and safety of induction chemotherapy followed by definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT) versus CRT alone in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) unsuitable for surgery (N = 110). The primary outcome was overall response rate (ORR), whereas the secondary outcome was overall survival. This trial did not meet pre-specified endpoints. The ORR was 74.5% in the induction chemotherapy group versus 61.8% in the CRT alone group (P = 0.152). The 3-year overall survival rate was 41.8% in the induction chemotherapy group and 38.1% in the CRT alone group (P = 0.584; hazard ratio, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.54–1.41). Grade 3–5 adverse events were similar. Patients who responded to induction chemotherapy had improved survival in the post-hoc analysis. These results demonstrate no improvement in response rate or survival with the addition of induction chemotherapy to CRT in unselected patients with ESCC. Trial number: NCT02403531.
Non-canonical function of DGCR8 in DNA double-strand break repair signaling and tumor radioresistance
Authors: Hang Qinglei , Zeng Liyong , Wang Li , Nie Litong , Yao Fan , Teng Hongqi , Deng Yalan , Yap Shannon , Sun Yutong , Frank Steven J. , Chen Junjie , Ma Li 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn response to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), repair proteins are recruited to the damaged sites. Ubiquitin signaling plays a critical role in coordinating protein recruitment during the DNA damage response. Here, we find that the microRNA biogenesis factor DGCR8 promotes tumor resistance to X-ray radiation independently of its Drosha-binding ability. Upon radiation, the kinase ATM and the deubiquitinase USP51 mediate the activation and stabilization of DGCR8 through phosphorylation and deubiquitination. Specifically, radiation-induced ATM-dependent phosphorylation of DGCR8 at serine 677 facilitates USP51 to bind, deubiquitinate, and stabilize DGCR8, which leads to the recruitment of DGCR8 and DGCR8’s binding partner RNF168 to MDC1 and RNF8 at DSBs. This, in turn, promotes ubiquitination of histone H2A, repair of DSBs, and radioresistance. Altogether, these findings reveal the non-canonical function of DGCR8 in DSB repair and suggest that radiation treatment may result in therapy-induced tumor radioresistance through ATM- and USP51-mediated activation and upregulation of DGCR8.
Mouse visual cortex contains a region of enhanced spatial resolution
Authors: van Beest Enny H. , Mukherjee Sreedeep , Kirchberger Lisa , Schnabel Ulf H. , van der Togt Chris , Teeuwen Rob R. M. , Barsegyan Areg , Meyer Arne F. , Poort Jasper , Roelfsema Pieter R. , Self Matthew W. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe representation of space in mouse visual cortex was thought to be relatively uniform. Here we reveal, using population receptive-field (pRF) mapping techniques, that mouse visual cortex contains a region in which pRFs are considerably smaller. This region, the “focea,” represents a location in space in front of, and slightly above, the mouse. Using two-photon imaging we show that the smaller pRFs are due to lower scatter of receptive-fields at the focea and an over-representation of binocular regions of space. We show that receptive-fields of single-neurons in areas LM and AL are smaller at the focea and that mice have improved visual resolution in this region of space. Furthermore, freely moving mice make compensatory eye-movements to hold this region in front of them. Our results indicate that mice have spatial biases in their visual processing, a finding that has important implications for the use of the mouse model of vision.
Attention-based multi-label neural networks for integrated prediction and interpretation of twelve widely occurring RNA modifications
Authors: Song Zitao , Huang Daiyun , Song Bowen , Chen Kunqi , Song Yiyou , Liu Gang , Su Jionglong , Magalhães João Pedro de , Rigden Daniel J. , Meng Jia 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRecent studies suggest that epi-transcriptome regulation via post-transcriptional RNA modifications is vital for all RNA types. Precise identification of RNA modification sites is essential for understanding the functions and regulatory mechanisms of RNAs. Here, we present MultiRM, a method for the integrated prediction and interpretation of post-transcriptional RNA modifications from RNA sequences. Built upon an attention-based multi-label deep learning framework, MultiRM not only simultaneously predicts the putative sites of twelve widely occurring transcriptome modifications (m6A, m1A, m5C, m5U, m6Am, m7G, Ψ, I, Am, Cm, Gm, and Um), but also returns the key sequence contents that contribute most to the positive predictions. Importantly, our model revealed a strong association among different types of RNA modifications from the perspective of their associated sequence contexts. Our work provides a solution for detecting multiple RNA modifications, enabling an integrated analysis of these RNA modifications, and gaining a better understanding of sequence-based RNA modification mechanisms.