bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurotic symptoms profile in a day hospital patients with an anamnesis of head injury in the past
Authors: Konop Magdalena , Sobański Jerzy , Klasa Katarzyna , Dembińska Edyta , Mielimąka Michał , Citkowska-Kisielewska Anna , Rutkowski Krzysztof 
Published: April 2021

Cel pracyOcena powiązania występowania uszkodzeń mózgu z objawami zaburzeń nerwicowych, zgłaszanych przez pacjentów psychoterapeutycznego dziennego oddziału leczenia nerwic i zaburzeń osobowości przed podjęciem leczenia.MetodaAnaliza współwystępowania objawów nerwicowych z przebytym uszkodzeniem głowy lub tkanki mózgowej. Uraz ten zgłaszany był w wywiadzie ustrukturowanym (Ankieta Życiorysowa), wypełnianym przed leczeniem w dziennym oddziale leczenia nerwic. Przeprowadzone analizy regresji wykazały istotne statystycznie powiązania między uszkodzeniami mózgu (spowodowanymi urazami, udarem itp.), a objawami z kwestionariusza objawowego KO„0”.WynikiW grupie 2582 kobiet i 1347 mężczyzn, część badanych zgłosiła (w samodzielnie wypełnianej Ankiecie Życiorysowej) przebyty uraz głowy lub mózgu. Badani mężczyźni przebyty uraz zgłaszali znacznie częściej niż kobiety (20,2% vs 12,2%, p<0,0005). Pacjenci, którzy mieli historię urazu głowy uzyskali istotnie wyższą wartość globalnego nasilenia dolegliwości nerwicowych (OWK) w kwestionariuszu objawowym KO „0”, niż pacjenci bez urazów głowy. Dotyczyło to zarówno grupy mężczyzn, jak i kobiet. Analizy regresji wykazały istotny związek między urazami głowy, a grupą objawów lękowych i somatoformicznych. W obu grupach (mężczyzn i kobiet) częściej występowały objawy „paraneurologiczne”, dysocjacyjne, derealizacyjne, lękowe. Mężczyźni częściej zgłaszali trudności w zakresie kontroli ekspresji emocji, skurcze i napięcie mięśni, objawy obsesyjno-kompulsywne, dolegliwości skórne i alergiczne, objawy zaburzeń depresyjnych. Kobiety częściej zgłaszały wymioty w sytuacjach zdenerwowania.WnioskiPacjenci z historią urazów głowy mają wyższe globalne nasilenie zaburzeń nerwicowych, niż osoby bez takiej historii. Mężczyźni częściej, niż kobiety doznają urazów głowy, a ryzyko wystąpienia u nich symptomów zaburzeń nerwicowych jest wyższe. Wydaje się, iż pacjenci z urazami głowy są szczególną grupą jeśli chodzi o zgłaszanie niektórych objawów psychopatologicznych, zwłaszcza w grupie mężczyzn.
Enhancing Regulatory Decision Making for Postmarket Drug Safety
Authors: Ahuja Vishal , A. Alvarez Carlos , Birge John R. , Syverson Chad 
Published: April 2021

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates the approval and safe public use of pharmaceutical products in the United States. The FDA uses postmarket surveillance systems to monitor drugs already on the market; a drug found to be associated with an increased risk of adverse events (ADEs) is subject to a recall or a warning. A flawed postmarket decision-making process can have unintended consequences for patients, create uncertainty among providers and affect their prescribing practices, and subject the FDA to unfavorable public scrutiny. The FDA’s current pharmacovigilance process suffers from several shortcomings (e.g., a high underreporting rate), often resulting in incorrect or untimely decisions. Thus, there is a need for robust, data-driven approaches to support and enhance regulatory decision making in the context of postmarket pharmacovigilance. We propose such an approach that has several appealing features—it employs large, reliable, and relevant longitudinal databases; it uses methods firmly established in literature; and it addresses selection bias and endogeneity concerns. Our approach can be used to both (i) independently validate existing safety concerns relating to a drug, such as those emanating from existing surveillance systems, and (ii) perform a holistic safety assessment by evaluating a drug’s association with other ADEs to which the users may be susceptible. We illustrate the utility of our approach by applying it retrospectively to a highly publicized FDA black box warning (BBW) for rosiglitazone, a diabetes drug. Using comprehensive data from the Veterans Health Administration on more than 320,000 diabetes patients over an eight-year period, we find that the drug was not associated with the two ADEs that led to the BBW, a conclusion that the FDA evidently reached, as it retracted the warning six years after issuing it. We demonstrate the generalizability of our approach by retroactively evaluating two additional warnings, those related to statins and atenolol, which we found to be valid. This paper was accepted by Vishal Gaur, operations management.
Necrotising fasciitis: a narrative review of the literature
Authors: Damisa Josiah , Ahmed Sohail , Harrison Sanjay 
Published: April 2021

Necrotising fasciitis is a severe, life-threatening and rapidly progressive soft tissue infection that often requires aggressive surgical management, with an estimated incidence of about 0.24–0.40 per 100 000 in the UK. Necrotising fasciitis can be classified based on its microbiology or the anatomy or body region affected. Initial signs of necrotising fasciitis can be minimal and non-specific but a patient often presents with pain out of proportion to clinical signs on examination, as well as erythema and oedema, in addition to systemic symptoms associated with sepsis. Diagnosis is often based on high clinical suspicion with biochemical and clinical imaging used as adjuncts. To aid with early diagnosis of necrotising fasciitis, a scoring system known as the Laboratory Risk Indicator for necrotising fasciitis was developed which has a positive predictive value of 92%. Once diagnosed, appropriate resuscitation and antibiotics, along with prompt and aggressive surgical debridement, is the mainstay of treatment.
Spatial clustering of CD68+ tumor associated macrophages with tumor cells is associated with worse overall survival in metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Chakiryan Nicholas H. , Kimmel Gregory J. , Kim Youngchul , Hajiran Ali , Aydin Ahmet M. , Zemp Logan , Katende Esther , Nguyen Jonathan , Lopez-Blanco Neale , Chahoud Jad , Spiess Philippe E. , Fournier Michelle , Dhillon Jasreman , Wang Liang , Moran-Segura Carlos , El-Kenawi Asmaa , Mulé James , Altrock Philipp M. , Manley Brandon J. 
Published: April 2021

Immune infiltration is typically quantified using cellular density, not accounting for cellular clustering. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) activate oncogenic signaling through paracrine interactions with tumor cells, which may be better reflected by local cellular clustering than global density metrics. Using multiplex immunohistochemistry and digital pathologic analysis we quantified cellular density and cellular clustering for myeloid cell markers in 129 regions of interest from 55 samples from 35 patients with metastatic ccRCC. CD68+ cells were found to be clustered with tumor cells and dispersed from stromal cells, while CD163+ and CD206+ cells were found to be clustered with stromal cells and dispersed from tumor cells. CD68+ density was not associated with OS, while high tumor/CD68+ cell clustering was associated with significantly worse OS. These novel findings would not have been identified if immune infiltrate was assessed using cellular density alone, highlighting the importance of including spatial analysis in studies of immune cell infiltration of tumors.
Significance: Increased clustering of CD68+ TAMs and tumor cells was associated with worse overall survival for patients with metastatic ccRCC. This effect would not have been identified if immune infiltrate was assessed using cell density alone, highlighting the importance of including spatial analysis in studies of immune cell infiltration of tumors.
Obesity, insulin resistance and their interaction on liver enzymes
Authors: Liu Chenbing , Shao Min , Lu Ling , Zhao Chenzhao , Qiu Lihong , Liu Zhong 
Published: April 2021

Introduction
To investigate weight status, insulin resistance assessed by HOMA-IR, and their interaction on liver function in non-diabetic Chinese adults.

Methods and results
A total of 7066 subjects were included, and divided into normal weight (n = 3447), overweight (n = 2801), and obese (n = 818) groups. Data including weight, height, waist circumference, fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, y-glutamyl transferase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were acquired. In multi-linear regression analysis for liver enzymes as dependent variables, insulin resistance emerged as a determinant of ALT (β = 0.165, P<0.001), AST (β = 0.040, P<0.001) and GGT (β = 0.170, P<0.001) after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, triglyceride, and cholesterol. Interactions between insulin resistance and weight status by body mass index were observed in ALT (P<0.001), AST (P<0.001) and GGT (P = 0.0418).

Conclusion
Insulin resistance had significant associations with greater risk of elevated ALT, AST and GGT level in non-diabetic Chinese adults, especially among those who were overweight/ obese.
Predictors of prolonged hospital stay in HIV-positive patients presenting to the emergency department
Authors: Laher Abdullah E. , Paruk Fathima , Richards Guy A. , Venter Willem D. F. 
Published: April 2021

Background
Prolonged hospitalization places a significant burden on healthcare resources. Compared to the general population, hospital length of stay (LOS) is generally longer in HIV-positive patients. We identified predictors of prolonged hospital length of stay (LOS) in HIV-positive patients presenting to an emergency department (ED).

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, HIV-positive patients presenting to the Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital adult ED were prospectively enrolled between 07 July 2017 and 18 October 2018. Data was subjected to univariate and multivariate logistic regression to determine parameters associated with a higher likelihood of prolonged hospital LOS, defined as ≥7 days.

Results
Among the 1224 participants that were enrolled, the median (IQR) LOS was 4.6 (2.6–8.2) days, while the mean (SD) LOS was 6.9 (8.2) days. On multivariate analysis of the data, hemoglobin <11 g/dL (OR 1.37, p = 0.032), Glasgow coma scale (GCS) <15 (OR 1.80, p = 0.001), creatinine >120 μmol/L (OR 1.85, p = 0.000), cryptococcal meningitis (OR 2.45, p = 0.015) and bacterial meningitis (OR 4.83, p = 0.002) were significantly associated with a higher likelihood of LOS ≥7 days, while bacterial pneumonia (OR 0.35, p = 0.000) and acute gastroenteritis (OR 0.40, p = 0.025) were significantly associated with a lower likelihood of LOS ≥7 days.

Conclusion
Various clinical and laboratory parameters are useful in predicting prolonged hospitalization among HIV-positive patients presenting to the ED. These parameters may be useful in guiding clinical decision making and directing the allocation of resources.
Is birth out-of-hospital associated with mortality and morbidity by seven years of age?
Authors: Ovaskainen Katja , Ojala Riitta , Gissler Mika , Luukkaala Tiina , Tammela Outi 
Published: April 2021

Background and aims
Compared to in-hospital births, the long-term outcome of children born out-of-hospital, planned or unplanned, is poorly studied. This study aimed to examine mortality and morbidity by seven years of age in children born out-of-hospital compared to those born in-hospital.

Methods
This study was registered retrospectively and included 790 136 children born in Finland between 1996 and 2013. The study population was divided into three groups according to birth site: in-hospital (n = 788 622), planned out-of-hospital (n = 176), and unplanned out-of-hospital (n = 1338). Data regarding deaths, hospital visits, reimbursement of medical expenses, and disability allowances was collected up to seven years of age or by the year-end of 2018. The association between birth site and childhood morbidity was determined using multivariable-adjusted Cox hazard regression analysis.

Results
No deaths were reported during the first seven years after birth in the children born out-of-hospital. The percentage of children with hospital visits due to infection by seven years of age was lower in those born planned out-of-hospital and in the combined planned out-of-hospital and unplanned out-of-hospital group compared to those born in-hospital. Furthermore, the percentage of children with hospital visits and who received disability allowances due to neurological or mental disorders was higher among those born unplanned out-of-hospital and out-of-hospital in total when compared to those born in-hospital. In the multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazard regression analysis, the hazard ratio for hospital visits due to asthma and/or allergic diseases (HR 0.84; 95% CI 0.72–0.98) was lower in children born out-of-hospital when compared to those born in-hospital. A similar decreased risk was found due to infections (HR 0.76; 95% CI 0.68–0.84). However, the risk for neurological or mental health disorders was similar between the children born in-hospital and out-of-hospital.

Conclusions
Morbidity related to asthma or allergic diseases and infections by seven years of age appeared to be lower in children born out-of-hospital. Birth out-of-hospital seemed to not be associated with increased risk for neurological morbidity nor early childhood mortality. Our study groups were small and heterogeneous and because of this the results need to be interpreted with caution.
Children’s Positive Attitudes in the New Testament Epistles
Authors: Wronka Stanisław 
Published: April 2021

The subject of the article is the attitudes and characteristics of children, which the authors of the New Testament epistles evaluate directly or indirectly as positive and recommend to their addressees in their relation to God, Christ, the Gospel, other people and values. Such attitudes include: service (Phil 2:22), obedience (Eph 6:1–3; Col 3:20; 1 Pet 1:14–16), modesty and innocence (1 Thess 2:7), receiving discipline (Heb 12:4–11), the desire for healthy mother’s milk (1 Pet 2:1–3). Besides, Semitic expressions such as ‘children of Abraham’ or ‘children of obedience’ emphasize the child’s origin and dependence on parents and participation in their goods. While in familiar phrases such as ‘my children’ or ‘my babies’ the cordiality, trust and devotion characteristic for children come to the fore. By recommending children’s attitudes to adult Christians, the authors of the letters do not want to lead them to infantilism, but to preserve the child’s soul. Although they do not refer to the positive statements of the Lord Jesus about children, their view of children is similar. They only pay more often attention to the negative attitudes of small persons.
Presence and Formation of Adults in the Sodality of Our Lady: Contribution to the Native History.
Authors: Sprutta Justyna 
Published: April 2021

The Christian Life Community is the successor of the Sodality of Our Lady. The Christian Life Community today is mostly made up of adults. They are formed spiritually and morally. This formation had already existed since the beginning in the Sodality of Our Lady, that is since the foundation of the first Sodality of Our Lady by the Jesuit John Leunis in 1563 at the Collegium Romanum. The adults who co-created the Sodality of Our Lady until the 18th century were kings, aristocrats, bishops, nobles, townsmen, craftsmen, servants, but the presence of adults most fully developed after the reactivation of the Society of Jesus (1814). The indications presented in the Guide by the Jesuit Jan Rostworowski have shaped the characters and attitudes of the adult members of the Marian Sodalities for centuries.
Flow Cell with High-Resolution Spatial and Temporal Degree of Saturation Measurements for Two-Dimensional Near-Surface Phenomena Using Unsaturated Transparent Soil
Authors: Siemens Greg , Oldroyd Chris , Beddoe Ryley 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Laboratory and field studies examining climate-ground-infrastructure interactions are often limited by spatial or temporal resolution, or both, of subsurface moisture content measurements. Laboratory control and field measurement of surficial and basal boundary conditions is performed rather straightforwardly; however, the interpretation of laboratory results may be limited by a lack of instrumentation or mislocated instrumentation. Computational modeling provides numerical results to compare with the physical data, but model calibration can be limited by the few instrumentation points. This article presents a new intermediate-scale apparatus to apply digital image analysis to unsaturated transparent soil experiments, which provides spatial resolution that is six orders of magnitude greater than traditional instrumentation and allows statistical quantification of saturation variability. The capabilities for saturation measurements in unsaturated transparent soil in two-dimensions are displayed using open and closed infiltration experiments. The two-dimensional (2D) experiments agree with column infiltration results showing air confinement decreases infiltration rate and wetting front mobility by more than one half. The 2D saturation measurements allow direct visualization and quantification of an unstable wetting front as well as dynamic moisture migration within the transmission zone. The 2D apparatus allows for development of behavior that is not possible in column apparatuses. Rather than the average, one-dimensional results are representative of the leading infiltration fingers in the 2D case. High spatial resolution saturation measurements show detectable influence of thin heterogeneities on wetting front migration. The influence of flow direction on saturation distribution is statistically quantified. High-resolution saturation measurements in an intermediate-scale apparatus allow new insight into near-surface flow processes.
Drained Residual Shear Strength Power Function Coefficients a and b
Authors: Stark Timothy D. , Idries Abedalqader 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Drained residual strength is the controlling shear strength for slopes that have experienced prior movement, contain colluvium, or have a continuous zone of slickensided material. This study provides correlations between power function coefficients a and b and soil index properties, e.g., liquid limit, plastic limit, and clay-size fraction, to represent the drained residual strength envelope. These correlations provide a prediction of the residual secant friction angle, ϕ’r, at any desired effective normal stress, which can be used to establish the residual strength envelope for stability analyses. The standard deviation of a and b coefficients and the corresponding trendlines were found using two statistical methods, with the Graphical Three-Sigma Rule Method providing a better representation of the data scatter than the Computational Method. Data from the literature were compiled and compared to the proposed a and b coefficients and there is favorable agreement.
Gynecomastia as a presenting symptom of Graves’ disease in a 49-year-old man
Authors: Mohammadnia N , Simsek S , Stam F 
Published: April 2021

Summary
Gynecomastia is a symptom with a potential high disease burden. It has a variety of underlying causes, such as malignant, drug-related or hormonal. The presence of gynecomastia can be explained in thyrotoxicosis due to a concomitant disbalance of sex hormones. Interestingly, it rarely is the presenting symptom of Graves’ disease. A 49-year-old man presented to our outpatient clinic with right-sided gynecomastia. After thorough history taking, more symptoms of thyrotoxicosis were present. Treatment was started with thiamazole and later levothyroxine. Three months after this treatment the gynecomastia and other symptoms resolved completely. A disbalance of sex hormones due to an increased expression of the protein sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) caused by thyrotoxicosis could result in gynecomastia. In vitro and in vivo research in mice suggest that the pathophysiology of thyrotoxicosis-associated gynecomastia is due to upregulation of hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α (HNF4A) in liver cells. Subsequent increase of SHBG results in a decrease of free testosterone levels.

Learning points

Gynecomastia is a common finding (up to almost 40%) on physical examination in patients with hyperthyroidism.

In gynecomastia, thyroid function tests should be examined on initial presentation because of the relative simple treatment.

The pathophysiology of thyrotoxicosis-associated gynecomastia is well understood by a sex-hormonal disbalance due to an increased expression of SHBG.

Due to the well explainable pathophysiology, reduction of symptoms can be expected after treatment.

The underlying mechanism of an increased expression of SHBG is not well understood. However, in vitro and in vivo research in mice suggests that thyrotoxicosis causes an increased expression of HNF4A in liver cells. Thus, upregulating the expression of SHBG.

Interestingly, HNF4A is suspected to play an important role in MODY. Future research will clarify the importance of this gene and might open up new insights for therapy.
A SHORT HISTORY OF PALEONTOLOGY IN TURKEY, PART I: FROM THE NINETEENTH CENTURY TO THE COLLAPSE OF OTTOMAN TURKEY
Authors: SARIGÜL VOLKAN 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Modern paleontology in Turkey appeared in the early nineteenth century, together with the first modern geological studies. The fossils collected in these studies were initially used to establish biostratigraphy and to make the first geological maps of the country. Paleontologists were involved in these studies from the beginning; the earliest identifications of new animal and plant taxa from Turkey occurred in the same century along with the detailed descriptions of the rich and diverse Turkish fossil record. Aside from the academic studies, some paleontologists also took part in the economic side by contributing to stratigraphic analysis of coal beds or participating in petroleum exploration. All these pioneering works on the geology and paleontology of Turkey were done by foreigners; however, the outcomes of this newly introduced science were quickly appreciated by Ottoman Turkey. During the middle of the nineteenth century, the first text mentioning geological processes was written by the head scholar of the Imperial School of Military Engineering, while the first geology classes began to be taught under the Imperial Medical School in Istanbul, in which the first natural history collection was also established. Unfortunately, not a single original study in paleontology was produced by Ottoman citizens, with the notable exception of an Austrian immigrant of Hungarian descent, possibly because of a lack of a real interest in earth sciences.
TOURISTS PLAY WITH LAVA AND VOLCANIC HEAT: KĪLAUEA VOLCANO’S EARLY CONTRIBUTIONS TO HAWAI‘I’S TOURISM INDUSTRY
Authors: KIM ALICE , LAUTZE NICOLE C. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Kīlauea Volcano has attracted visitors to Hawai‘i throughout the history of Hawai‘i’s tourism industry. From the 1870s to the 1910s, Kīlauea offered the experience of using volcanic heat and molten lava to cook food, melt postcards onto cavern walls, enflame items, and obtain souvenirs including scorched postcards, rocks, olivine, and Pele’s hair. Writers shared their experiences in publications, and traveling presentations showed American audiences images of visitors scorching postcards at Kīlauea. Marketing campaigns on the U.S. Mainland promoted Hawai‘i as a tourist destination and promoted cooking with Kīlauea’s heat. In 1907, U.S. Congressmen toured Kīlauea Caldera, ate dinner cooked with Kīlauea’s heat, and learned about Kīlauea’s geodiversity. These experiences likely influenced Congress to establish the Kīlauea, Haleakalā, and Mauna Loa Volcanoes as the Hawaii National Park (now known as the Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park). Today, the U.S. National Park Service maintains the Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park, and it offers geological, biological, and cultural resources for recreation and education. For destination marketing, Kīlauea provided Hawai‘i a comparative advantage for tourism.