bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neural cell-surface and intracellular autoantibodies in patients with cognitive impairment from a memory clinic cohort
Authors: Hansen Niels , Malchow Berend , Zerr Inga , Stöcker Winfried , Wiltfang Jens , Timäus Charles 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAutoantibody-associated cognitive impairment is an expanding field in geriatric psychiatry. We aim to assess the association between the presence of specific neural autoantibodies and cognitive performance in a memory clinic cohort. 154 patients with cognitive impairment were included between 2019 and 2020 presenting initially in a memory clinic. We evaluated their patient files retrospectively applying epidemiologic parameters, psychopathology, neuropsychology, intracellular and membrane-surface autoantibodies in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and markers of neurodegeneration in CSF. In 26 of 154 patients, we searched for neural autoantibodies due to indicators for autoimmunity. In 15/26 (58%) of patients we detected serum and/or CSF autoantibodies. We identified autoantibodies against intracellular or cell-surface antigens in 7 of all 26 (27%) patients with cognitive dysfunction, although we cannot exclude patients with potential specific autoantibodies lacking autoimmune indicators. There were no significant differences between psychopathological and neuropsychological profiles in groups of patients with cognitive impairment comprising patients with autoantibodies (ABS + COG), no autoantibodies (ABS − COG), and Alzheimer’s disease (ADCOG). Concerning our CSF parameters, we detected intrathecal IgG synthesis in 14% of ABS + COG and in 13% of ABS − COG patients, whereas no intrathecal IgG synthesis was found in ADCOG patients. Furthermore, CSF Aß42 was significantly diminished in the ADCOG compared to the ABS + COG group (p < 0.05). In addition, the Aß42/40 ratio was lower in ADCOG patients than in the ABS + COG or ABS − COG group (p < 0.05). Our findings reveal the underestimated occurrence and autoantibodies’ potential role in patients presenting cognitive impairment. Furthermore, the patients with possible Alzheimer’s disease might be differentiated from autoantibody-positive patients via a reduced Aß42 and Aß42/40 ratio in the CSF. The antibody-type varies between patients to a relevant degree, thus demonstrating the need for more research to identify subgroup-specific phenotypes. These pilot study results open an avenue for improving diagnosis and treatment in a memory clinic.
Specific mindfulness traits protect against negative effects of trait anxiety on medical student wellbeing during high-pressure periods
Authors: Fino E. , Martoni M. , Russo P. M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMedical education is highly demanding and evidence shows that medical students are three times more susceptible to deteriorating physical and mental health than the average college student. While trait anxiety may further increase such risk, little is known about the role of trait mindfulness in mitigating these effects. Here we examine the protective role of specific mindfulness facets as mediators in pathways from trait anxiety to perceived stress, psychosomatic burden and sleep-wake quality in medical students, across repeated measurements throughout the first trimester of the school year. Preclinical medical students enrolled in the second year of the Medical School of University of Bologna completed self-report questionnaires examining personality traits as well as physical and psychological wellbeing. Data were collected at the beginning (Time 1: N = 349) and the end of the first trimester (Time 2: N = 305). As students approached the end of the trimester and upcoming exams, reported levels of perceived stress, psychosomatic problems and difficulties in wakefulness increased significantly compared to the beginning of the trimester. Mediation results showed that trait anxiety predicted such outcomes whereas the protective role of mindfulness facets in mitigating these effects was significant only at Time 2. Specific facets of Nonjudging of inner experience and Acting with awareness proved to be the most effective mediators. Findings highlight that the beneficial role of mindfulness facets in mitigating negative consequences of trait anxiety on medical student wellbeing is revealed in high-pressure periods and when self-regulation is needed the most. Cultivating awareness and nonjudgmental acceptance of one’s inner experiences is a crucial self-regulation resource that can help medical students sustain their wellbeing as they learn and throughout their high-pressure education and professional careers.
A data-driven missing value imputation approach for longitudinal datasets
Authors: Ribeiro Caio , Freitas Alex A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLongitudinal datasets of human ageing studies usually have a high volume of missing data, and one way to handle missing values in a dataset is to replace them with estimations. However, there are many methods to estimate missing values, and no single method is the best for all datasets. In this article, we propose a data-driven missing value imputation approach that performs a feature-wise selection of the best imputation method, using known information in the dataset to rank the five methods we selected, based on their estimation error rates. We evaluated the proposed approach in two sets of experiments: a classifier-independent scenario, where we compared the applicabilities and error rates of each imputation method; and a classifier-dependent scenario, where we compared the predictive accuracy of Random Forest classifiers generated with datasets prepared using each imputation method and a baseline approach of doing no imputation (letting the classification algorithm handle the missing values internally). Based on our results from both sets of experiments, we concluded that the proposed data-driven missing value imputation approach generally resulted in models with more accurate estimations for missing data and better performing classifiers, in longitudinal datasets of human ageing. We also observed that imputation methods devised specifically for longitudinal data had very accurate estimations. This reinforces the idea that using the temporal information intrinsic to longitudinal data is a worthwhile endeavour for machine learning applications, and that can be achieved through the proposed data-driven approach.
Investigating soil carbon diversity by combining the MAXimum ENTropy principle with the Q model
Authors: Ågren Göran I. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSoil carbon diversity can be an important property for the stability of soil carbon. A problem is the lack of techniques for measuring this diversity. I suggest here the use of a combination of a general statistical principle, MAXimum ENTropy (MaxEnt), and a mechanistic model of organic matter decomposition, the Q model. The Q model provides the temporal development of the average carbon quality of litter and amount of soil organic C, which can be applied in a MaxEnt calculation to obtain a distribution of soil C over qualities. This distribution may not be the actual distribution but it is the most probable one. This distribution can be used to calculate aggregate properties for the total of soil C. I will use this distribution to calculate the temporal development of the variance in C quality as an expression of C diversity. The general tendency is that the variance declines with time of decomposition. Six long-term bare fallow (LTBF) from different climatic and management conditions were used to investigate which system properties are most important for the temporal development of the variance. The initial quality of the litter forming soil C is the dominant property. Chemical shifts in NMR spectra were tested as a possible way of measuring the variance in C quality.
Spatiotemporal shifts of population and war under climate change in imperial China
Authors: Zhang Shengda , Zhang David Dian , Pei Qing 
Published: March 2021

AbstractStudies on the spatiotemporal relationship between historical climate change and the patterns of population and war are rare. In this research, statistical methods (such as correlation test and Granger causality analysis) and visualization technique are applied to demonstrate how temperature, in terms of long-term trend and cyclic mode, fundamentally affects the temporal-spatial variations of population center and war center during imperial China (5–1911 CE). Results show that (1) the consistent southward migration of population center and war center overall accords with the macro-trend of temperature cooling over the last two millennia. (2) The extent of the outward expansion of the Chinese Empire is measured by the population center–war center distance that lengthens during warm periods but shortens in cold phases, which correspond to the north/west/northwestward advancement and south/east/eastward retreatment of war center, respectively, while population center moves within a small range. (3) The shift of population latitude precedes that of war latitude, indicating the change from ecological-demographic to social-political sphere in space. We suggest that similar to population center, the temperature-influenced ancient Hu Line, which symbolizes the disparity of population density in different regions of China, may shift by several hundred kilometers; latitudinal rather than longitudinal variations of population center and war center are more robust in history. We also find that precipitation controls war center and population center on the multicentennial scale, but not the scale focused upon in this study. These findings provide new insights and theoretical implications into the in-depth understanding of the nature–human nexus.
Detection range and efficiency of acoustic telemetry receivers in a connected wetland system
Authors: Winter Emily R. , Hindes Andrew M. , Lane Steve , Britton J. Robert 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAcoustic telemetry is an important tool for assessing the behavioural ecology of aquatic animals, but the performance of receivers can vary spatially and temporally according to changes in environmental gradients. Studies testing detection efficiency and/ or detection range are, therefore, important for data interpretation, although the most thorough range-testing approaches are often costly or impractical, such as the use of fixed sentinel tags. Here, stationary tag data (from study animals that had either died or expelled their tags) provided a substitute for the long-term monitoring of receiver performance in a wetland environment and was complemented by periodic boat-based range testing, with testing of the effects of environmental variables (water temperature, conductivity, transparency, precipitation, wind speed, acoustic noise) on detection efficiency (DE) and detection range (DR). Stationary tag DE was highly variable temporally, the most influential factors being water temperature and precipitation. Transparency was a strong predictor of DR and was dependent on chlorophyll concentration (a surrogate measure of algal density). These results highlight the value of stationary tag data in assessments of acoustic receiver performance. The high seasonal variability in DE and DR emphasises the need for long-term receiver monitoring to enable robust conclusions to be drawn from telemetry data.
Pulmonary Follow-Up Imaging in Cartilage-Hair Hypoplasia: a Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Vakkilainen Svetlana , Klemetti Paula , Martelius Timi , Seppänen Mikko JR , Mäkitie Outi , Toiviainen-Salo Sanna 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCartilage-hair hypoplasia is a syndromic immunodeficiency with short stature, chondrodysplasia, and variable degree of immune dysfunction. Patients with cartilage-hair hypoplasia are prone to recurrent respiratory tract infections, and the prevalence of bronchiectasis ranges from 29 to 52%. Pulmonary complications contribute significantly to the mortality; therefore, regular lung imaging is essential. However, the optimal schedule for repeated lung imaging remains unestablished. We determined the rate and correlates of progression of structural lung changes in a prospectively followed cohort of 16 patients with cartilage-hair hypoplasia. We analyzed clinical, laboratory, and pulmonary functional testing data and performed lung magnetic resonance imaging at a median interval of 6.8 years since previous imaging. Imaging findings remained identical or improved due to disappearance of inflammatory changes in all evaluated patients. Patients with subtle signs of bronchiectasis on imaging tended to have low immunoglobulin M levels, as well as suffered from pneumonia during the follow-up. In conclusion, our results suggest slow if any development of bronchiectasis in selected subjects with cartilage-hair hypoplasia.
Travelling Waves for Adaptive Grid Discretizations of Reaction Diffusion Systems II: Linear Theory
Authors: Hupkes H. J. , Van Vleck E. S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this paper we consider an adaptive spatial discretization scheme for the Nagumo PDE. The scheme is a commonly used spatial mesh adaptation method based on equidistributing the arclength of the solution under consideration. We assume that this equidistribution is strictly enforced, which leads to the non-local problem with infinite range interactions that we derived in Hupkes and Van Vleck (J Dyn Differ Equ 28:955, 2016). For small spatial grid-sizes, we establish some useful Fredholm properties for the operator that arises after linearizing our system around the travelling wave solutions to the original Nagumo PDE. In particular, we perform a singular perturbation argument to lift these properties from the natural limiting operator. This limiting operator is a spatially stretched and twisted version of the standard second order differential operator that is associated to the PDE waves.
Efficient Numerical Evaluation of Thermodynamic Quantities on Infinite (Semi-)classical Chains
Authors: Mendl Christian B. , Bornemann Folkmar 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis work presents an efficient numerical method to evaluate the free energy density and associated thermodynamic quantities of (quasi) one-dimensional classical systems, by combining the transfer operator approach with a numerical discretization of integral kernels using quadrature rules. For analytic kernels, the technique exhibits exponential convergence in the number of quadrature points. As demonstration, we apply the method to a classical particle chain, to the semiclassical nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation and to a classical system on a cylindrical lattice. A comparison with molecular dynamics simulations performed for the NLS model shows very good agreement.
The Bidirectional Relationship Between Subjective Well-Being and Academic Achievement in Adolescence
Authors: Bortes Cristian , Ragnarsson Susanne , Strandh Mattias , Petersen Solveig 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe well-being of young people in relation to their school performance has received increased attention in recent years. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the longitudinal and reciprocal relationship between adolescents’ subjective well-being and their academic achievements. The current study examined the bidirectional relationship between subjective well-being and academic achievement across two timepoints (T1 and T2) during the course of mid to late adolescence, i.e., in school year 9 (age 15), and school years 11–12 (ages 17–18). The study also investigated variation in the association as a function of adolescent gender. Data on subjective well-being and teacher-assigned school grades of 723 adolescents (48.7% girls) residing in Sweden were analyzed by estimating a series of cross-lagged path models. The findings suggest gender differences in the relationship as no associations were found among boys. Support for a bidirectional relationship between the constructs was only found for girls. For girls, higher subjective well-being at T1 was associated with higher academic achievements at T2, while higher academic achievements at T1 was associated with lower subjective well-being at T2. These findings highlight that the subjective well-being of adolescent girls may be important for their ability to perform at school, but their academic achievements may also inflict negatively on their subjective well-being.
Trace and Density Results on Regular Trees
Authors: Koskela Pekka , Nguyen Khanh Ngoc , Wang Zhuang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe boundary of a regular tree can be viewed as a Cantor-type set. We equip our tree with a weighted distance and a weighted measure via the Euclidean arc-length and consider the associated first-order Sobolev spaces. We give characterizations for the existence of traces and for the density of compactly supported functions.
Accuracy of Households’ Dwelling Valuations, Housing Demand and Mortgage Decisions: Israeli Case
Authors: Koblyakova Alla , Fleishman Larisa , Furman Orly 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHousing policy, as well as academic research, are increasingly concerned with the role of bias in subjective dwelling valuations as a proximate measure of households’ house price expectations and their relationship with housing demand. This paper contributes to this area of study by exploring the possibility of simultaneous relationships between households’ price expectations and incentive to maximise the size of housing services demanded also accounting for the supply side factors and regional perspective. The empirical estimation takes the form of a system of a two simultaneous equations model applying two stage least squares estimation technique. Cross sectional estimations utilise data extracted from the Israeli Longitudinal Panel Survey (LPS) data. Applying the best available proxy for households’ price expectations, calculated as the ratio between subjective dwelling valuations (LPS) and the estimated market value of the same properties, research has identified the interrelated factors that simultaneously influence householders’ price expectations and housing demand. Results offer conceptual and empirical advantages, highlighting the imperfect nature of the housing market, as reflected by the inseparability of bias in subjective valuations and housing decisions.
Seasonal feeding plasticity can facilitate coexistence of dominant omnivores in Neotropical streams
Authors: Neves Mayara P. , Kratina Pavel , Delariva Rosilene L. , Jones J. Iwan , Fialho Clarice B. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCoexistence of ecomorphologically similar species in diverse Neotropical ecosystems has been a focus of long-term debate among ecologists and evolutionary biologists. Such coexistence can be promoted by trophic plasticity and seasonal changes in omnivorous feeding. We combined stomach content and stable isotope analyses to determine how seasonal variation in resource availability influences the consumption and assimilation of resources by two syntopic fish species,Psalidodonaff.gymnodontusandP. bifasciatus, in the Lower Iguaçu basin. We also tested the impact of seasonality on trophic niche breadth and diet overlap of these two dominant omnivores. Seasonal changes in resource availability strongly influenced the consumption and assimilation of resources by the two fish species.Both species exhibited high levels of omnivory, characterized by high diversity of allochthonous resources in the wet season. Terrestrial invertebrates were the main component of diet during this season. However, in the dry season, both species reduced their isotopic niches, indicating diet specialization. High diet overlap was observed in both seasons, but the isotopic niche overlap was smaller in the dry season. Substantial reduction in the isotopic niche ofP. bifascistusand a shift toward aquatic invertebrates can facilitate coexistence during this season of resource shortage. Feeding plasticity allows omnivorous fish to adjust their trophic niches according to seasonality, promoting the exploitation of different resources during periods of greater resource diversity. This seasonal variation could be an important mechanism that contributes to the resource partitioning and coexistence of dominant omnivores in Neotropical streams.
Yet again, quantum indeterminacy is not worldly indecision
Authors: Corti Alberto 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIt has been argued that non-relativistic quantum mechanics is the best hunting ground for genuine examples of metaphysical indeterminacy. Approaches to metaphysical indeterminacy can be divided into two families: meta-level and object-level accounts. It has been shown (Darby in Australasian Journal of Philosophy 88(2):27–245, 2010.10.1080/00048400903097786; Skow in Philosophical Quarterly 60(241):851–858, 2010) that the most popular version of the meta-level accounts, namely the metaphysical supervaluationism proposed by Barnes and Williams (Oxford Studies in Metaphysics, Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 103–148, 2011), fails to deal with quantum indeterminacy. Such a fact has been taken by many as a challenge to adapt supervaluationism to quantum cases. In this paper, I will focus on the very last of these attempts, i.e. the situation semantics account proposed by Darby and Pickup (Synthese 1–26, 2019). After having shown where quantum indeterminacy arises and having surveyed the assumptions endorsed by the participants of the debate, I turn to Darby and Pickup’s proposal. I argue that, despite the machinery introduced, their account still fails to account for quantum indeterminacy. After considering some possible counterarguments, I suggest in the conclusion that one can plausibly extend the argument to those meta-level approaches that treat quantum indeterminacy as worldly indecision.
Predictive value of preprocedural albuminuria for contrast-induced nephropathy non-recovery in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Chen Hanchuan , You Zhebin , Zhang Sicheng , He Chen , He Haoming , Luo Manjing , Lin Xueqin , Zhang Liwei , Lin Kaiyang , Guo Yansong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objective
The present study investigated the predictive value of albuminuria for contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) non-recovery in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods
We retrospectively enrolled 550 consecutive patients inflicted with CIN after PCI and reassessing kidney function among 1 week–12 months between January 2012 and December 2018. Patients were stratified into three groups according to urine albumin: negative group (urine dipstick negative), trace group (urine dipstick trace) and positive group (urine dipstick ≥ 1 +). The primary outcomes were CIN non-recovery (a decrease of serum creatinine which remains ≥ 25% or 0.5 mg/dL over baseline at 1 week–12 months after PCI in patients inflicted with CIN). The odds ratio (OR) of CIN non-recovery was analyzed by logistic regression using the negative urine dipstick group as the reference group.

Results
Overall, 88 (16.0%) patients had trace urinary albumin, 74 (13.5%) patients had positive urinary albumin and 40 (7.3%) patients developed CIN non-recovery. Patients with positive urinary albumin had significantly higher incidence of CIN non-recovery [negative (3.4%), trace (11.4%) and positive (23.0%), respectively; P < 0.0001]. Multivariate analysis showed that trace and positive urinary albumin were associated with an increased risk of CIN non-recovery (trace vs negative: OR 2.88, P = 0.022; positive vs negative: OR 2.99, P = 0.021). These associations were consistent in subgroups of patients stratified by CIN non-recovery risk predictors. And CIN non-recovery was associated with an increased risk of long-term mortality during a mean follow-up period of 703 days (P < 0.001).

Conclusion
Preprocedural albuminuria was associated with CIN non-recovery in patients undergoing PCI.