bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
African Past, American Future: Uplift Ideology in Early 20th Century Opera
Authors: Hujsa Rachel 
Published: October 2021

This paper explores how two African American composers, Scott Joplin (c. 1868-1917) and Harry Lawrence Freeman (1869-1954), advocated for Black Advancement and uplift ideology through their syncretic operas in the early 1900s. What is presented here however is the introductory content of a larger work.
Joplin and Freeman were intimately conscious and supportive of national debates for Black Advancement, propelled especially by W.E.B. DuBois, and both employed rhetorical strategies paradigmatic of the movement. They were both interested in showing White and Black Americans alike that African American music, such as gospel, spiritual, and ragtime, could be held to the same high esteem as music of the Western canon, just as Black academics often endeavored to prove their intellectual prowess to their White counterparts. To this end, Joplin and Freeman combined “Black” music and classical styles in their operas to declare the equality and richness of an integrated sound.
The thematic content of these operas, Treemonisha and Voodoo, respectively, interact with the Black Advancement movement’s drive for progress and education as well. They present Black Americans’ struggle for modernity as a conflict between the “superstitious” West African religious customs still ingrained in emancipated communities and Christianity. However, Joplin and Freeman’s works diverge aesthetically and ideologically from this point forward. Joplin’s aesthetic considerations derived chiefly from ragtime, a modern African American musical form genre, while Freeman took inspiration not only from African ethnic music but Africa itself. Joplin’s form of uplift was found in the education of small Black communities, while Freeman framed his work in a nationalistic and pan-Africanist context. These distinct choices, though crafted with the same aim, help reveal subtle divergences in argumentation within the Black Advancement movement.
Intersectionality and the Election of Bolsonaro
Authors: Evans Lucie Rhodes 
Published: October 2021

News coverage of Jair Bolsonaro’s 2018 presidential campaign routinely focused on his misogynistic, homophobic, and racist rhetoric. He derided women and Afro-Brazilians, even though both groups are majorities of the Brazilian population. Notwithstanding his offensive rhetoric, Bolsonaro was elected president with significant support from both members of both groups. In this paper, we use public opinion data to investigate why women and Afro-Brazilians voted for him. Informed by intersectionality research, we explore why individuals voted for him. The results of a quantitative analysis point to important distinctions among women and Afro-Brazilians. In particular, our results show that Afro-Brazilian women were least likely to support him. These results underscore the importance of using an intersectional perspective to understand political behavior in Brazil.
INOVASI PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH KULIT PISANG SEBAGAI PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR UNTUK PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN KEDELAI (Glycine max L.)
Authors: Santi Diana Putri  
Published: October 2021

Buah pisang pada umumnya digemari oleh semua kalangan baik dewasa, remaja maupun anak-anak-anak. Namun kulit buah pisang sering dibuang dan tidak dimanfaatkan bagi sebagian besar orang. Inovasi pengolahan limbah kulit pisang menjadi solusi agar limbah dapat dimanfaatkan kembali untuk pertumbuhan tanaman kedelai. Karena kedelai merupakan salah satu sumber protein nabati. Tujuan penelitian ini melihat pengaruh apakah Inovasi pengolahan limbah kulit pisang menjadi pupuk organik cair memberikan pengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan vegetatif dan generative tanaman kedelai Glicine max L) dan penulis mendapatkan dosis terbaik untuk pertumbuhan dan perkembangan kedelai. Penelitian ini mengunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 5 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan yaitu : A. Tanah 5 kg/polybeg (Kontrol), B. Tanah 5kg/polybeg + dosis 11,24 ml/tanaman, Tanah 5kg/polybeg + dosis 16,86 ml/tanaman, D. Tanah 5kg/polybeg + dosis 22,48 ml/tanaman, E. Tanah 5kg/polybeg + dosis 28,10 ml/tanaman. Inovasi pengolahan limbah kulit pisang menjadi pupuk organik cair pada dosis B (11,24 ml/polybag) memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman kedelai yang berpengaruh nyata pada tinggi tanaman (34,620 cm), lebar daun (5,926 cm), jumlah daun (26,220 helai) dan jumlah bobot tanaman kedelai (3,736 g).
PENERAPAN BEBERAPA SISTEM TANAM TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN PADI (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Yummama Karmaita  
Published: October 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membandingkan pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman padi dengan penerapan sistem tanam padi konvensional, padi tanam sebatang (PTS), sistem tanam jajar legowo 2:1, dan sistem tanam hazton. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 4 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan, sehingga terdapat 20 satuan percobaan, setiap satuan percobaan terdiri dari 5 sampel.Perlakuan terdiri dari: A = Kontrol (sistem tanam konvensional), B = Sistem Tanam Padi Tanam Sebatang (PTS), C = Sistem Tanam Jajar Legowo 2:1, dan D = Sistem Tanam Teknologi Hazton. Hasil pengamatan dianalisis secara statistik dengan uji F dari hasil analisa bila F hitung 5% > F tabel 5% dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncans New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) pada taraf nyata 5%. Variabel yang diamati adalah pertumbuhan vegetatif (tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan total, dan jumlah anakan produktif) dan pertumbuhan generatif (Panjang malai, berat 1000 bulir, dan hasil gabah basah panen per ha). Hasil penelitian yang didapatkan dari keempat sistem tanam yang diterapkan, penanaman dengan sistem tanam jajar legowo 2:1 dan PTS memberikan hasil tertinggi terhadap tinggi tanaman, pembentukan jumlah anakan total, jumlah anakan produktif, panjang malai, dan hasil gabah basah panen per ha. Hasil gabah basah panen per ha pada sistem tanam jajae legowo 2:1 adalah sebesar 15,60 ton dan PTS sebesar 12,60 ton.
Preoperative vs postoperative radiotherapy in the management of rectal cancer: A systematic review
Authors: Siregar Muhammad Fauzi 
Published: October 2021

Purpose. The objective of this study is to review randomized clinical trials systematically that compare the outcomes of preoperative and postoperative radiotherapy in the management of rectal cancer regarding locoregional recurrance, disease free survival and overall survival.Methods. The relevant randomized clinical trials are searched via online databases such as Pubmed, Ebsco, and Proquest. RCTs publised in English between 2000 until 2020 are selected and reviewed systematically.Result. Locoregional recurrence at 5 years was statistically lower in preoperative radiotherapy group than in postoperative radiotherapy group based on two studies. Disease free survival at 5-years was statistically higher in preoprative radiotherapy group than the postoperative one based on two studies. Overall survival at 5 years was not statistically significant between two groups for each study.Conclusion. Preoperative radiotherapy is superior to postoperative radiotherapy for controlling locoregional recurrence and disease free survival, but both are equal in overall survival.
ASSESSING THE PREVALENCE OF DRUG-INDUCED NEPHRITIS IN HOSPITAL BASED SETTING OF CENTRAL INDIA: A CLINICAL CROSS-SECTIONAL RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: Sharma Anjana 
Published: October 2021

Background: One of the most common etiological factors leading to chronic kidney disease and acute renal failure in the present clinical scenario is drug-induced renal disease. By direct toxicity and immunologic mechanism virtue, certain stereotyped renal responses are initiated by various drugs.
Objectives: The present study was conducted to retrospectively assess the prevalence and incidence of drug-induced nephrotoxicity at the Department of Pathology, Sri Shankaracharya Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhilai, and Chhattisgarh. The study was conducted for 6 months on 120 subjects having drug-induced nephritis. The study subjects were within the age range of 30-70 years and had 50% females.
Methods: The study screened 500 subjects of a defined age group where anthropometric and demographic records were obtained followed by serum creatinine measurement and protein analysis using the dipstick method. Glomerular filtration rate was estimated (eGFR) using the 4-variable modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) equation and Cockcroft-Gault equation corrected to the body surface area (CG-BSA).
Results: In 2.8% of subjects proteinuria was seen with DIN in 6.3% (n=120) subjects using MDRD for GFR assessment. The DIN prevalence was found to be 24% using the CG-BSA method. DIN was found to be significantly associated with hypertension, diabetes, smoking, abdominal obesity, advanced age, and gender. The large difference in Din prevalence between CG-BSA equations and MDRD shows that there is a need for having better measures for assessing the kidney function in the population of central India. Also, CG-BSA equations suggest a similar need for having better measures for assessing the kidney function in the population of central India.
Keywords: Body mass index (BMI), Cockcroft-Gault (CG), chronic kidney disease (CKD), drug-induced nephrotoxicity (DIN), Proteinuria, Glomerular filtration rate (GFR),
Combined effects of cover crops and herbicide rotation as proactive weed management in pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Merr) in Huimanguillo Tabasco, Mexico.
Authors: GARCIA DE LA CRUZ RUBEN , García- López Eustolia 
Published: October 2021

Objective: to evaluate the effect of two proactive strategies for weed management in pineapple, including (1) cover crop rotation and reduced rate of herbicide (RRH) and (2) cover crop association and RRH.
Design/Methodology/Approach: We conducted pineapple field experiments in Huimanguillo, Tabasco Mexico, using a complete randomized block design for both rotation and association experiments. Weed occurrence were registered and classified. The weed management effect of cover crops such as cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), sunnhemp (Crotalaria juncea), stylo (Stylozanthes guanensis) and velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens) were evaluated alone and combined with three herbicides. Data of soil ground cover and weed suppression levels were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and the means were separated by Least Significant Differences (LSD) at P = 0.05.
Results: Synergistic interaction was detected for weed suppression in all cover crops and herbicide treatments. Combined effects of metribuzin and pendimethalin herbicides with cover crops varied from 80%- 90 % of weed suppression until 90 days after treatment (DAT); however, when cover crops were combined with haloxifop plus diuron, 100 % of weed control was achieved until 90 DAT.
Study limitations/implications. Irrigation, weather conditions may affect observations.
Findings/Conclusions: Our results showed that all cover crops, specially Vigna unguiculata and Mucuna pruriens in a rotation system, along with reduced rate of herbicides is novel approach strategy for weed management in pineapple plantation. Cover crops such as cowpea might improve crop performance, productivity and feasibility for farmers. The reduced rates of preemergence herbicides and cover crops will be very helpful for the farmers and for protection of environment.
Keywords: Cover crops, Anananas comosus, herbicide, weed suppression, integrated weed management
Left Atrial Appendage Closure for Primary and Secondary Stroke Prevention in Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy and Atrial Fibrillation: A Pilot Study
Authors: Mo Bin-Feng , Zhang Rui , Yuan Jia-Li , Sun Jian , Zhang Peng-Pai , Li Wei , Chen Mu , Cai Xing-Xing , Yu Yi-Chi , Wang Qun-Shan , Li Yi-Gang 
Published: October 2021

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) for primary and secondary stroke prevention in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and atrial fibrillation (AF).Methods: This pilot study enrolled 36 patients with HCM and AF who underwent LAAC between April 2017 and December 2019, of whom 22 were for primary stroke prevention and 14 were for secondary prevention.Results: The patients enrolled in this study had non-obstructive (86.1%) or mild obstructive (13.9%) HCM. Patients in the Secondary Prevention Group had higher CHA2DS2-VASc scores (5.1 ± 1.4 vs. 2.6 ± 1.6, P &lt; 0.001) and higher HAS-BLED scores (2.8 ± 1.0 vs. 1.5 ± 0.9, P &lt; 0.001) compared with those in the Primary Prevention Group. Successful closure with satisfactory seals (residual leak ≤ 5 mm) was achieved in all patients, with complete occlusion in 86.4% of the Primary Prevention Group and 92.9% of the Secondary Prevention Group. Procedural-related complications included one pericardial effusion and one groin hematoma. One device-related thrombus was identified in the Secondary Prevention Group and resolved after anticoagulation. During a mean follow-up time of 28.4 months, one bleeding event was recorded. There were no thromboembolic events or deaths in either group, with 97.2% of the patients achieving freedom from anticoagulation therapy.Conclusions: Initial results suggest that LAAC can be a safe and feasible alternative for primary and secondary stroke prevention in selected patients with HCM and AF. Further studies with larger samples are required.
Assessment of Myocardial Function During Blood Pressure Manipulations Using Feature Tracking Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance
Authors: Fischer Kady , Neuenschwander Mario D. , Jung Christof , Hurni Samuel , Winkler Bernhard M. , Huettenmoser Stefan P. , Jung Bernd , Vogt Andreas P. , Eberle Balthasar , Guensch Dominik P. 
Published: October 2021

Background: Coronary autoregulation is a feedback system, which maintains near-constant myocardial blood flow over a range of mean arterial pressure (MAP). Yet in emergency or peri-operative situations, hypotensive or hypertensive episodes may quickly arise. It is not yet established how rapid blood pressure changes outside of the autoregulation zone (ARZ) impact left (LV) and right ventricular (RV) function. Using cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging, measurements of myocardial tissue oxygenation and ventricular systolic and diastolic function can comprehensively assess the heart throughout a range of changing blood pressures.Design and methods: In 10 anesthetized swine, MAP was varied in steps of 10–15 mmHg from 29 to 196 mmHg using phenylephrine and urapidil inside a 3-Tesla MRI scanner. At each MAP level, oxygenation-sensitive (OS) cine images along with arterial and coronary sinus blood gas samples were obtained and blood flow was measured from a surgically implanted flow probe on the left anterior descending coronary artery. Using CMR feature tracking-software, LV and RV circumferential systolic and diastolic strain parameters were measured from the myocardial oxygenation cines.Results: LV and RV peak strain are compromised both below the lower limit (LV: Δ1.2 ± 0.4%, RV: Δ4.4 ± 1.2%, p &lt; 0.001) and above the upper limit (LV: Δ2.1 ± 0.4, RV: Δ5.4 ± 1.4, p &lt; 0.001) of the ARZ in comparison to a baseline of 70 mmHg. LV strain demonstrates a non-linear relationship with invasive and non-invasive measures of oxygenation. Specifically for the LV at hypotensive levels below the ARZ, systolic dysfunction is related to myocardial deoxygenation (β = −0.216, p = 0.036) in OS-CMR and both systolic and diastolic dysfunction are linked to reduced coronary blood flow (peak strain: β = −0.028, p = 0.047, early diastolic strain rate: β = 0.026, p = 0.002). These relationships were not observed at hypertensive levels.Conclusion: In an animal model, biventricular function is compromised outside the coronary autoregulatory zone. Dysfunction at pressures below the lower limit is likely caused by insufficient blood flow and tissue deoxygenation. Conversely, hypertension-induced systolic and diastolic dysfunction points to high afterload as a cause. These findings from an experimental model are translatable to the clinical peri-operative environment in which myocardial deformation may have the potential to guide blood pressure management, in particular at varying individual autoregulation thresholds.
Acute Illness and Death in Children With Adrenal Insufficiency
Authors: Worth Chris , Vyas Avni , Banerjee Indraneel , Lin Wei , Jones Julie , Stokes Helen , Komlosy Nicci , Ball Steven , Clayton Peter 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundAdrenal Insufficiency (AI) can lead to life-threatening Adrenal Crisis (AC) and Adrenal Death (AD). Parents are trained to prevent, recognise and react to AC but there is little available information on what parents are actually doing at home to manage symptomatic AI.MethodsThree approaches were taken: (A) A retrospective analysis of patient characteristics in children and young people with AD over a 13-year period, (B) An interview-aided questionnaire to assess the circumstances around AC in children currently in our adrenal clinic, and (C) a separate study of parent perceptions of the administration of parenteral hydrocortisone.ResultsThirteen patients died (median age 10 years) over a thirteen-year period resulting in an estimated incidence of one AD per 300 patient years. Those with unspecified adrenal insufficiency were overrepresented (P = 0.004). Of the 127 patients contacted, thirty-eight (30%) were identified with hospital attendance with AC. Responses from twenty patients (median age 7.5 years) with AC reported nausea/vomiting (75%) and drowsiness (70%) as common symptoms preceding AC. All patients received an increase in oral hydrocortisone prior to admission but only two received intramuscular hydrocortisone. Questionnaires revealed that 79% of parents reported confidence in the administration of intramuscular hydrocortisone and only 20% identified a missed opportunity for injection.ConclusionsIn children experiencing AC, parents followed ‘sick day’ guidance for oral hydrocortisone, but rarely administered intramuscular hydrocortisone. This finding is discrepant from the 79% of parents who reported confidence in this task. Local training programmes for management of AC are comprehensive, but insufficient to prevent the most serious crises. New strategies to encourage use of parenteral hydrocortisone need to be devised.
Efficacy and Safety of New Orodispersible Tablet Formulations of Praziquantel (Racemate and L-Praziquantel) in Schistosoma mansoni-Infected Preschool-Age Children and Infants: A Randomized Dose-Finding Phase 2 Study
Authors: N’Goran Eliézer K. , Yalkinoglu Özkan , Kourany-Lefoll Elly , Tappert Aliona , Hayward Brooke , Yin Xiaoyan , Bezuidenhout Deon , Huber Eric , Aka N. A. David , Ouattara Mamadou , Bagchus Wilhelmina 
Published: October 2021

IntroductionTwo novel formulations of praziquantel (PZQ) and Levo-(L-)PZQ (arpraziquantel) have been developed for the treatment of schistosomiasis in preschool-age children and infants.MethodsThis open-label, dose-finding Phase 2 study assessed the efficacy and safety of PZQ formulations in children and infants infected with Schisostoma mansoni in Côte d’Ivoire. In Part 1, 420 children aged 2.1–6.9 years (weight 10.0–29.9 kg) were enrolled and randomized to one of 7 treatment arms (n=60 per arm): commercially available racemate (rac)-PZQ at 3x20 mg/kg or 40 mg/kg (treatment arms 1 and 2); rac-PZQ orodispersible tablet (ODT) at 40 mg/kg or 60 mg/kg (treatment arms 3 and 4); or L-PZQ ODT at 30 mg/kg, 45 mg/kg, or 60 mg/kg (treatment arms 5, 6, and 7). The optimal formulation and dose identified (L-PZQ ODT 50 mg/kg) was used in Part 2, which enrolled 24 infants aged 6–24 months (weight 7.5–14.8 kg). Infants were treated in an age-staggered approach: age 13–24 months (treatment arm 8, n=20) and age 6–12 months (treatment arm 9, n=4). The primary endpoint was clinical cure rate (CR) demonstrated by the Kato–Katz method 14–21 days post-treatment. Secondary endpoints included CR by point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen, egg reduction rate (ERR), and adverse events (AEs).ResultsIn Part 1, CRs ≥70% were achieved in all treatment arms and were highest with L-PZQ ODT 60 mg/kg (89.7%), rac-PZQ 3x20 mg/kg (89.5%), and L-PZQ ODT 45 mg/kg (86.0%). In Part 2, CRs were &gt;90%. All treatment arms had ERRs &gt;95%. Treatment-related AEs were reported by 71 participants (16.0%) and were similar across treatment arms; most were mild and transient. The most common treatment-emergent AEs were laboratory abnormalities. No deaths or discontinuation due to treatment-emergent AEs were reported and no new safety concerns were identified.ConclusionNew rac-PZQ and L-PZQ ODT formulations used as single-dose therapy against S. mansoni demonstrated acceptable overall efficacy and safety in preschool-age children and infants, warranting further studies in this population.Clinical Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT02806232; Pan African Clinical Trials Registry, identifier PACTR201604001493593.
Retrospective Study of Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients With and Without Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Support in Wuhan, China
Authors: Cheng Wei , Ma Xu-Dong , Su Long-Xiang , Long Yun , Liu Da-Wei , Du Bin , Qiu Hai-Bo , Guan Xiang-Dong , Chen De-Chang , Kang Yan , Tong Zhao-Hui , Peng Zhi-Yong , Shang You , Zheng Rui-Qiang , Li Shu-Sheng , Pan Chun , Huang Xiao-Bo , Zhan Qing-Yuan , Ding Ren-Yu , Huang Chao-Lin , Yin Yong-Jie , Li Sheng-Qing , Li Xu-Yan , Jiang Li , Hu Ming , Li Xin , Zhou Xiang , Jing Zhi-Cheng , Guo Yan-Hong , Zhang Shu-Yang 
Published: October 2021

Background: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) might benefit critically ill COVID-19 patients. But the considerations besides indications guiding ECMO initiation under extreme pressure during the COVID-19 epidemic was not clear. We aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics and in-hospital mortality of severe critically ill COVID-19 patients supported with ECMO and without ECMO, exploring potential parameters for guiding the initiation during the COVID-19 epidemic.Methods: Observational cohort study of all the critically ill patients indicated for ECMO support from January 1 to May 1, 2020, in all 62 authorized hospitals in Wuhan, China.Results: Among the 168 patients enrolled, 74 patients actually received ECMO support and 94 not were analyzed. The in-hospital mortality of the ECMO supported patients was significantly lower than non-ECMO ones (71.6 vs. 85.1%, P = 0.033), but the role of ECMO was affected by patients' age (Logistic regression OR 0.62, P = 0.24). As for the ECMO patients, the median age was 58 (47–66) years old and 62.2% (46/74) were male. The 28-day, 60-day, and 90-day mortality of these ECMO supported patients were 32.4, 68.9, and 74.3% respectively. Patients survived to discharge were younger (49 vs. 62 years, P = 0.042), demonstrated higher lymphocyte count (886 vs. 638 cells/uL, P = 0.022), and better CO2 removal (PaCO2 immediately after ECMO initiation 39.7 vs. 46.9 mmHg, P = 0.041). Age was an independent risk factor for in-hospital mortality of the ECMO supported patients, and a cutoff age of 51 years enabled prediction of in-hospital mortality with a sensitivity of 84.3% and specificity of 55%. The surviving ECMO supported patients had longer ICU and hospital stays (26 vs. 18 days, P = 0.018; 49 vs. 29 days, P = 0.001 respectively), and ECMO procedure was widely carried out after the supplement of medical resources after February 15 (67.6%, 50/74).Conclusions: ECMO might be a benefit for severe critically ill COVID-19 patients at the early stage of epidemic, although the in-hospital mortality was still high. To initiate ECMO therapy under tremendous pressure, patients' age, lymphocyte count, and adequacy of medical resources should be fully considered.