bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do we need a patient surgical class categorization similar to the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade?
Authors: Biyani Chandra Shekhar , Rouprêt Morgan , Jensen Jørgen Bjerggaard , Pecanka Jakub , Mitropoulos Dionysios 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe aim to enhance the reporting of complications in surgical operations by establishing a classification for patient complexity. Current comorbidity assessment tools are insufficient due to their reliance on physiological parameters. The proposed patient surgical class category (PSCC) aims to address these limitations and enhance results by incorporating relevant aspects of a patient's surgical history. The new classification system for patient surgical classes was developed via a modified Delphi method across two iterations with urological scenarios. The consensus on the importance of individual classes within PSCC ranged from 72.83% for Class 0 to 87.95% for Class 4A. The survey results show that our proposed grading system is easy, broadly applicable, and useful for categorizing the surgical history of patients.
On‐Site X‐Ray Fluorescence Analysis of Sculptures of the Archdiocesan Museum of Sacred Art of Rio de Janeiro's Collection
Authors: Franzi Isis Verona Nascimento da Silva , Paula Anderson Gomes de , Cavalcante Josiane Emerich , Borges Roberta Manon de Paula Sales , Gomes Rafael Azevedo Fontenelle , Oliveira Davi Ferreira de , Lopes Ricardo Tadeu 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe artworks of the Archdiocesan Museum of Sacred Art of Rio de Janeiro (MAAS‐RJ) are distinguished for their combination of Luso‐Brazilian Sacred Arts and dedication to historical heritage preservation. An in situ analysis using x‐ray fluorescence (XRF) was conducted on five pieces from the collection, including Our Lady of the Expectation, Our Lady of Lapa, Our Lady of Penha de France, Saint Sebastian, and the Glory of the Divine. The analysis employed the portable Bruker Tracer‐III‐SD equipment, which features a Rhodium‐target x‐ray tube and a Silicon detector. Spectra were obtained with the device set at 40 kV and 35 μA, with a 60‐s exposure time. The multi‐element analysis identified the elements present in the pictorial layers, allowing the identification of pigments used in the original polychromes and repaints. The data revealed a diverse composition of pigments across the original, repainted, and polychrome regions. Elements indicative of pigments applied after the creation of the works, consistent with restoration and interventions, were detected. The XRF analysis confirmed the use of gilding techniques in some sculptures, such as Our Lady of the Expectation and the Glory of the Divine. The sculpture of Our Lady of Penha de France exhibited gilding techniques with sgraffito. This study provided the elemental composition of the examined sacred artworks, suggesting potential pigments regardless of their preservation conditions.
A Novel 3D Parametrization Approach for Topology Optimization of Rollbonded Cooling Plates
Authors: Schewe Frederik , Klinke Niklas , Elham Ali 
Published: December 2024

AbstractElectric mobility depends on batteries, which typically require a thermal management system. Those systems are often realized as sheet metal plates with integrated channel structures. Rollbonding technology is one of the most promising technologies to produce such cooling plates due to the competitive cost structure in combination with its unmatched design freedom. However, the design of a cooling plate manufactured using rollbonding is challenging. Such a design requires thermal and hydraulic targets to be considered while manufacturing constraints must be satisfied. Due to the given design freedom and the conflicting targets manual design of cooling plates is challenging and requires significant development time and effort. Topology optimization is a popular method for automated and optimal design of components.In this paper, the authors present a strategy to design rollbonded cooling plates by topology optimization, taking thermal, hydraulic, and manufacturing requirements into account. State-of-the-art methods usually consider channel shapes with rectangular cross-sections, ignoring the effects of realistically curved channel cross-sections as they result from the manufacturing technology. The authors present a novel parametrization strategy, considering the 3D channel shape in a realistic manner. The mathematical formulation of the novel modelling approach is shown and validated based on a small, simplified test case. The methodology is implemented into a custom, solver-agnostic framework and coupled with commercial Finite Element software.
Circularity and Integration of Functions for Metal Surfaces by Plating on Plastics in Automotive Series Applications
Authors: Heinzler Felix A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHigh-quality and sustainable surfaces are an important step in designing the automotive interior and exterior of the future. Next generation car designs have to consider the aspects of sustainable production and long-life application in the field in combination with recycling concept after the use case. Clever material combinations and new processing technologies for circular products have to be established. Electroplated polymers have several advantages for every step in this discussion to enable sustainable decor elements with integrated functions.Using a process developed by the BIA Group and industrial partners, metal and plastic in electroplated decorative components can be separated with a very high degree of purity in the polymer fraction. Without any chemical treatment a degree of 99,8% purity in the polymer fraction is achieved and can directly be used for new products. By focusing plated polymer parts, the substrate material is limited to ABS plating grades and ensures a very low probability of contamination by other polymers. The metallic fraction is recycled by the well know processes for metal and steel recovery.First products with a recycled content of 30% are now in series production. Because of the high purity of the material, a down-cycling is not necessary and these products are high quality surface parts in the automotive interior. The quality matches the known standard of parts with virgin material. The recycling content has no influence on the adhesion of the coating or the resistance to environmental influences. Specification requirements like DBL 1665, TL 528 or GS standards are passed.With the integration of ambient lighting and touch controls on real metal surfaces, these components are equipped for functional integration into the environment in the interior.
Impacts of Circular Product Life Cycles on the Paintability of Plastics
Authors: Tonn Katharina , Juraschek Max , Herrmann Christoph 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDue to their flexible and advantageous set of properties, plastics are used widely and in large quantities in the automotive industry. The use of recycled plastics is a promising approach to conserve fossil resources, reduce negative environmental impacts and achieve sustainability goals.However, the quality of recycled material can vary depending on the individual and often unknown conditions it was exposed to in previous life cycle(s) (stages) and prevent the direct substitution of virgin material in many applications. Each life cycle stage of a plastic component or product, as for instance manufacturing, use or disposal, influences up to impairs the structure and properties of the potential recyclates by causing degradation and introducing impurities. In addition to quality fluctuations performance losses can arise and complicate the application of recycled plastics, for example by deteriorating the paintability of components with recycled content.To reduce defects or reworking efforts, additional process adjustments can be required for using plastic recyclates in order to react to process deviations and varying material conditions.Against this background, an overview of the various impacts and interdependencies of the life cycle stages and processing steps on painted injection-molded components and their material properties is presented and resulting challenges are derived. Subsequently, an approach is introduced, presenting a method to address these challenges. The approach takes the conditions and requirements of the automotive industry, as well as the implications of mechanical recycling into consideration, to establish circular material flows.
Assessing Automation Opportunities in End-of-Life Vehicle Disassembly
Authors: Görgens Severin J. , Hansen Sönke , Schumacher Patrick , Meyer Kolja , Dröder Klaus 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe lack of circularity in the automotive industry leads to the loss of valuable and important raw materials. Resulting economic dependencies in procurement and environmental burdens could be reduced by implementing a strategy to systematically retrieve secondary raw materials and components for vehicle production. In this context, in 2023 the EU proposed a new regulation for handling End-of-Life Vehicles (ELVs) to support circular economy practices in the automotive industry. Semi-automated processes offer efficiency and scalability for the handling of ELVs. This results in the need to analyze the feasibility of automation steps in order to make decisions for process development.For this purpose, a systematic approach to identify automation potentials for automotive disassembly and to embed associated processes into a larger economic assessment is developed. In order to achieve this, the complexity and suitability of the automated processes is evaluated, based on relevant automation criteria and theoretical approaches from literature. In combination with the economic assessment of the alternative manual route, a comparison of both variants is performed that delivers insights into the conditions under which automation is possible and sensible as well as the circumstances under which manual process control is more appropriate. The application of our evaluation methodology allows for a detailed assessment of the consequences of establishing automated disassembly and thus helps in the development of component-specific disassembly process decisions. The presented case study exemplarily demonstrates the methodological approach for the evaluation of economic effects of automation technologies. It is pointed out that the quantity of processes to be performed as well as the period under consideration have an effect on the economic differentiation between manual and automated disassembly.
Multi-Criteria Evaluation of Potential Circular Economy Paths for Automotive Components Considering Targets
Authors: Schleusener Anneke , Juraschek Max , Gernuks Marko , Herrmann Christoph 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIncreasing circularity of products, components and materials can provide an important approach in the automotive industry to actively conserve resources and achieve sustainability targets. In the near future, regulations will strengthen the requirements on the utilization of recycled materials for the manufacturing of new parts. It is a complex task to identify the potentially best performing circularity pathway for specific components against the different objectives of a company, as a practically applicable method for determining the circular economy potential for automotive components is not yet available.Against this background, the most significant motivations and goals for the implementation of circular economy strategies are summarized and compared regarding their scope, established performance indicators, available assessment methods as well as current and future relevance. Subsequently, a framework is presented, which enables the evaluation of potential circular economy paths for automotive components. It considers a multi-criteria goal-setting and provides the basis for the implementation of an assessment tool.
Modelling Usage-Specific Circularity Measueres for Individual Life Cycle Paths in Life Cycle Engineering
Authors: Schwahn Marie , Block Lukas , Potinecke Thomas , Werner Maximilian 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCircularity measures like repair, remanufacture and refurbish provide options to enhance the life cycle and thus the sustainability of a product besides measures, which primarily concentrate on the end-of-life of a product. To integrate the concept of circular value creation engendered by such measures in the development process of a product, we extended the idea of modelling standard life cycles as introduced by Block et al. [3]. This extension introduces the novel notion of undesired states within a product’s life cycle. Undesired states can be dissolved with the help of circularity measures. A Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) approach was developed to implement this strategy. The resultant modelling approach is implemented in form of a software tool. The system is evaluated within an automotive development project revealing a significant advantage in contrast to previous methods.
Smart Characterization of Secondary Materials to Enable Resilient Material Processing
Authors: Hoppe Tom , Türke Louisa , Vietor Thomas 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe focus of this research is on supporting a resource-efficient economy to minimize post-consumer plastic waste by incorporating secondary materials into existing product design and thereby closing material cycles in plastic usage. In addition to lower primary resource demand and lower energy consumption in the production phase, the potential opportunities include lower overall environmental impacts. An important challenge arises from batch-dependent variations in the quality of recycled plastics, influencing product development in the design phase. Finite element analysis (FEA) plays a crucial role in the early stages of product development, demonstrating a concept’s potential for further development at a low cost and with minimal production effort. Detailed modeling of material properties within FEA is essential to ensure the utmost validity of calculation results and to pinpoint any weaknesses in the early design stages. The present paper discusses various approaches and applications for using neural networks (NNs) in constitutive modeling, particularly when dealing with heterogeneous material behavior resulting from the recycling process. The use of virtual training data derived from a phenomenological constitutive model and its advantages and potential applications to recyclates are highlighted. This leads to the proposal of using inverse surrogates of the phenomenological constitutive model as one method for obtaining suitable constitutive laws from experimental data in the future.
A Systematic Approach for the Reliable and Automated Selection of Life Cycle Assessment Data Sets Exemplified by the Automotive Industry
Authors: Sturm Johannes H. L. , Gehrke Sebastian , Herrmann Christoph 
Published: December 2024

AbstractFor the automotive industry, national and EU-wide regulations have been announced for the coming years, which require evidence from the manufacturer on the carbon footprint of a product or sub-product. Due to the resulting urgency, the state of the art of life cycle assessments (LCA), the “measuring instrument” for such characteristic values, is subject to accelerated further development. The decisive core element of an LCA is the transparent and consistent life cycle modelling of materials and manufacturing processes of a product, which is a major challenge, especially for complex product systems, such as vehicles. This challenge arises from the variety of different product information flows, e.g. material and structural information flows, which must be completed, homogenized, and validated. In order to conduct LCAs for such systems in appropriate time, the outlined information flows are usually mapped to secondary data sets. Their selection is generally made with extensive dictionaries, which are often simply structured, have been evolved over a longer period by different editors, and are only valid for explicit individual assignments. In the case of new materials, modified identifiers and standards, or subjectively made decisions, incorrect LCA mappings can occur. Time-consuming rework or manual corrections are then necessary. Therefore, a generally applicable, transparent, and consistent as well as extendable assignment methodology is presented and applied to the process of automotive LCAs. The central approach of this methodology is to secure data assignments by means of different prioritized information sources. Among other things, data on standards, similarity to known assignments as well as textual and material information are used. Assignments are made cascaded so that a lack of information does not lead to the termination of the modelling process and an assignment is returned for each valid input. The developed assignment mechanism also offers various options for fine-tuning the system, such as the creation of exception rules, the implementation of function-based rules, or the optional execution of supervised learning in the integration of new materials.
Tiered Approach for Prospective Sustainability Assessment of New Technologies to Assess Benefits and Challenges (TAPAS)
Authors: Möller Martin , Speck Olga , Speck Thomas 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWhen assessing the sustainability of novel technologies and materials systems, the question arises as to how a robust sustainability assessment for technology and material developments with a low readiness level is nevertheless possible and how the necessary data can be collected for this purpose. Based on this research question, TAPAS as a new, tiered methodological framework for a prospective assessment of the sustainability aspects of novel technologies and materials systems is presented.Within the conceptual development of TAPAS, important groundwork for the new methodological framework was devoted to the methodological interface between biomimetics and sustainability research. We selected the plant growth form liana as an example; biological concepts were used to sharpen the sustainability strategies of efficiency, consistency, and sufficiency and to derive practical design principles for more sustainable products in the technosphere.On this basis, we developed guiding principles for TAPAS and defined a total of five stages of analysis, allowing self-reflection to be integrated into the research and innovation process. In some cases, established instruments were adopted or refined, such as those used in the prospective screening of chemicals and in life cycle assessment studies. In addition, new methodological ground has been broken to meet the demand for an integrated and normatively based assessment that covers both benefit and risk aspects. This applies in particular to the domain of an in-depth benefit analysis and, for the first time, a set of 30 indicators has been developed that establish a direct link to the 2030 Agenda and its Sustainable Development Goals.We conducted two case studies to test the practical applicability of TAPAS. They showed that the developed tools are in principle suitable for basic research projects. Concrete recommendations for more sustainable design options (e.g., substitution of toxicologically problematic solvents) were provided.
Langzeitverläufe bei Angststörungen
Authors: Plag Jens , Heuer Selina , Bendau Antonia , Ströhle Andreas 
Published: December 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Es existiert noch keine gemeinsame Übersicht über die langfristige Entwicklung des klinischen Bildes, erkrankungsassoziierter Einschränkungen sowie neurobiologischer Korrelate von Angststörungen und darüber, welchen Einfluss bestimmte Risikofaktoren sowie eine Behandlung auf die Prognose nehmen.

Fragestellung
Dieser Beitrag stellt Befunde hinsichtlich der störungsspezifischen Symptomatik sowie erkrankungsassoziierter Veränderungen in den Bereichen des Funktionsniveaus, der Lebensqualität, der neurokognitiven Leistungen sowie der strukturellen Hirnanatomie über die Lebensspanne dar. Auch wird berichtet, wie personen- und umfeldbezogene Aspekte sowie eine leitliniengerechte Therapie den Erkrankungsverlauf beeinflussen.

Material und Methoden
Zu den einzelnen Teilaspekten wurde eine Literatursuche in PubMed durchgeführt. Einbezogen wurden Metaanalysen, Longitudinal- und Kohortenstudien. Um Veränderungen über den Zeitverlauf zu illustrieren, erfolgte überwiegend eine getrennte Darstellung der Befunde für Kinder und Jugendliche sowie das frühe und späte Erwachsenenalter.

Ergebnisse
Angststörungen weisen vor allem altersassoziierte Unterschiede im Symptomprofil, aber auch in den Bereichen Funktionsniveau und Lebensqualität auf. Insbesondere für das junge und mittlere Lebensalter konnten Risikofaktoren für einen ungünstigen Erkrankungsverlauf identifiziert werden. Befunde weisen jedoch darauf hin, dass eine evidenzbasierte Psycho- oder Pharmakotherapie auch nach ihrer Beendigung einen nachhaltigen Effekt besitzt.

Diskussion
Für einen langfristige Therapieerfolg sollten altersabhängige Merkmale und Einschränkungen sowie prognostisch relevante Aspekte in der Diagnostik und Behandlung von Angststörungen beachtet und eine Behandlung zeitnah begonnen werden.
Effectiveness of tofacitinib versus tumor necrosis factor inhibitors and in those receiving tofacitinib as different lines of therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: results from the United States CorEvitas Rheumatoid Arthritis Registry
Authors: Harrold Leslie R. , Bingham Clifton O. , Pope Janet E. , O’Brien Jacqueline , Moore Page C. , Roberts-Toler Carla , Yu Miao , Sweet Lindsay L. , Shelbaya Ahmed , Masri Karim R. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To compare effectiveness of tofacitinib versus tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi), and across tofacitinib lines of therapy, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), using US CorEvitas RA Registry data.

Methods
Analysis included patients with RA initiating tofacitinib or TNFi with a 12-month follow-up visit between November 2012–February 2021. Primary (Clinical Disease Activity Index-defined low disease activity [CDAI-LDA: CDAI ≤ 10]) and secondary (clinical/disease activity/patient-reported) effectiveness outcomes were assessed at month 12. Outcomes were stratified by treatment regimen (overall tofacitinib vs overall TNFi/tofacitinib monotherapy vs tofacitinib combination therapy/TNFi monotherapy vs TNFi combination therapy/tofacitinib monotherapy vs TNFi combination therapy/tofacitinib combination therapy vs TNFi combination therapy), or tofacitinib line of therapy (2nd/3rd/ ≥ 4th line).

Results
3,481 eligible patients initiated tofacitinib (n = 805) or TNFi (n = 2,676). Improvements in effectiveness at month 12 were generally similar across treatment regimens; 25.1% and 30.1% of overall tofacitinib and TNFi initiators achieved CDAI-LDA, respectively (odds ratio 1.29 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.94, 1.76]). Odds ratios (95% CIs) for achieving CDAI-LDA at 12 months were 0.70 (0.36, 1.37) for 3rd- versus 2nd-line, and 1.09 (0.63, 1.88) for 3rd- versus ≥ 4th-line tofacitinib initiators. At month 12, mean change from baseline in CDAI was greater among 3rd- versus ≥ 4th-line tofacitinib initiators, and mean Health Assessment Questionnaire and patient-reported pain were greater in 3rd- versus 2nd-line and ≥ 4th- versus 3rd-line tofacitinib initiators.

Conclusions
Generally, there were no differences in effectiveness between tofacitinib versus TNFi regimens. Few differences were observed between tofacitinib lines of therapy; sample sizes were small for 2nd/3rd-line initiators.

Study registration
NCT01402661 (ClinicalTrials.gov; July 25, 2011).

Key Points• Using data from the US CorEvitas rheumatoid arthritis (RA) Registry, this study compared the effectiveness of tofacitinib versus tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) and across tofacitinib lines of therapy.• Effectiveness of tofacitinib was similar to TNFi regimens up to month 12, while differences in some effectiveness outcomes at month 12 were observed with tofacitinib across different lines of therapy.• The findings of this study may inform future treatment decision-making in patients with RA.