bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TRANSCOV cohort protocol: an epidemiological study assessing the impact of critically ill COVID-19 patients long distance transfers between intensive care units
Authors: Grimaud Olivier , Bayat Sahar , Renault Anne , Maury Eric , Pottecher Julien , Dolz Manuel , Braun François , Fermanian Christophe , Ricard-Hibon Agnès , Prieto Nathalie , Philippe Jean-Marc , Leray Emmanuelle 
Published: October 2021

IntroductionDuring spring 2020, four regions of France faced a surge of severe COVID-19 patients which threatened to overflow local intensive care units (ICU) capacities. As an emergency response, between 13 March 2020 and 10 April 2020, an estimated 661 patients were transferred from overcrowded ICUs to eight other French regions and four neighbouring countries. The intensity, geographical spread and the diversity of vectors used are unprecedented. The study aims at assessing the impact of these inter-ICU transfers on the short-term and medium-term physical and psychological outcomes in this population of severe COVID-19 patients.Methods and analysisThe TRANSCOV cohort is a multicentre observational retrospective study. All transferred patients between ICUs outside the origin region will be invited to take part. For each transfer, up to four control patients will be selected among those admitted in the same ICU during the same period (±4 days of transfer date). Clinical data will be extracted from medical records and will include haemodynamic and respiratory parameters, as well as clinical severity scores before, during and after transfer. Data linkage with medicoadministrative data will enrich the clinical database and allow follow-up up to 1 year after initial admission.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the French Ethics and Scientific Committee on the 16 July 2020 (file no. 2046524). The results will be disseminated via publication of scientific articles and communications in national and international conferences.Trial registration number20 CO 015 CZ.
Exploring concepts of compassion in care home settings: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Evans Jay , Grant Elizabeth , Pessi Anne Birgitta , Evans Laura , Voolma Silja 
Published: October 2021

IntroductionThere is widespread agreement that medical care without compassion cannot be patient-centred, but patients still routinely cite that they feel a lack of compassion in the care environment. There is a dearth of research on how compassion is experienced in a non-hospital setting such as a care home, not just by residents but by staff and other key stakeholders. This scoping review aims to determine the body of existing, published research that explicitly refers to compassion or empathy in the context of care homes.Methods and analysisThis scoping review will follow the methodology described by Arksey and O’Malley and the PRISMAextension for scoping reviews guideline to adhere to an established methodological framework. Relevant publications will be searched on the EMBASE, MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, EBM Reviews and PsycInfo databases. Peer-reviewed literature focusing on experiences of compassion or empathy in care home settings from the perspective of either staff, residents (or clients), family members or their combined perspectives will be included. We will focus on literature published from 2000 up to 1 November 2021, in English, Spanish, Portuguese Finnish and Estonian. The review process will consist of three stages: a title review to identify articles of interest, this will be followed by an abstract review and finally, a full-text review. These three stages will be conducted by two reviewers. Data will be extracted, collated and charted and a narrative synthesis of the results will be presented.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required for this scoping review. This study supports the first part of a larger programme to understand the importance of technologies in care homes. The scoping review will examine data from publicly available documentation, reports and published papers. Dissemination will be achieved through engagement with stakeholder communities, and publishing results. Our team will include representatives from the different communities involved.
Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome – A Pathological View
Authors: Addis B. J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractProgressive respiratory insufficiency may be a complication of shock, trauma or sepsis. The pathology of this syndrome is reviewed, with particular emphasis on the mechanisms by which the various factors involved cause diffuse alveolar damage. Other related factors, particularly oxygen toxicity, are discussed and the contributions that they make, both to the clinical syndrome and to the morphological changes in the lungs, are assessed.
Lean Long Distance Swimmers
Authors: Golden F. St C. , Hampton I. F. G. , Smith D. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe tolerance of long distance swimmers to cold water has, in the past, been attributed to the increased insulation afforded by subcutaneous fat. In this paper evidence is presented to show that modern competitive distance swimmers are relatively lean. Habituation changes were shown in two of three swimmers who were monitored during static immersion and on swimming.
Histopathological analysis of in vivo specimens of recurrent aneurysms after coil embolization
Authors: Wang Chao , Li Mengxing , Chen Huiyuan , Yang Xinjian , Zhang Ying , Zhang Dong 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundAneurysm recurrence after coil embolization remains a challenging problem.ObjectiveTo determine the histopathological features of recurrent aneurysm specimens and explore the mechanism of aneurysm recurrence.MethodsNine aneurysm specimens were collected from eight patients who underwent clipping for aneurysm recurrence within 2 years after embolization. All specimens were sectioned and embedded in resin, stained with hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), Masson stain, and immunohistochemical staining for smooth muscle actin (SMA) and CD68+ antibodies, and were examined under light microscopy.ResultsFive aneurysms were surgically clipped owing to post-embolic subarachnoid hemorrhage, while the other four aneurysms had dangerous recanalization detected on follow-up imaging. Five aneurysms had self-growth and four aneurysms had coil compactions. Gross observation showed that each recurrent aneurysm was wrapped by a thrombus and the aneurysm wall; some coils protruded from the pseudocapsule in some ruptured aneurysms. Microscopically, H&E staining showed that three types of thrombi (fresh thrombus, granulation tissue, and scar tissue) coexisted in one section. In addition, characteristic unstable and unorganized thrombi with empty spaces were found in the neck cavity. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the SMA stain was discontinued and incomplete, and CD68+ antibody and H&E staining revealed inflammatory infiltrate in the aneurysm wall.ConclusionThe coexistence of three types of thrombi is the main characteristic of recurrent aneurysms. The formation of stable thrombus may be one of the key points of aneurysm recurrence. Smooth muscle cell damage and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the aneurysm wall probably contribute to the recanalization.
Study of historical groundwater level changes in two Belgian chalk aquifers in the context of climate change impacts
Authors: Goderniaux Pascal , Orban Philippe , Rorive Alain , Brouyère Serge , Dassargues Alain 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In southern Belgium, 23% of abstracted groundwater volumes are from chalk aquifers, representing strategic resources for the region. Due to their specific nature, these chalk aquifers often exhibit singular behaviour and require specific analysis. The quantitative evolution of these groundwater resources is analysed for the Mons Basin and Hesbaye chalk aquifers as a function of past evolution, in the short and long term. Groundwater level time series exhibit decreases when analysed over different periods. This is particularly visible for the Hesbaye chalk aquifer when comparing the 1960–90 and 1990–2020 periods. Such decreases are associated with observed temperature increases and precipitation decreases, inducing a decrease of aquifer recharge, and a probable increase of groundwater abstraction in the adjacent catchment. Past evolution is also discussed considering recent winter and summer drought events. The aquifers exhibit long delays in response to recharge events, particularly where the thickness of the partially saturated zone plays a crucial role in observed delays. Regarding future evolution, simulations of the impact of climate changes using medium–high emission scenarios indicate a probable decrease of the groundwater levels over the Hesbaye chalk aquifer.
HSP90-Specific nIR Probe Identifies Aggressive Prostate Cancers: Translation from Preclinical Models to a Human Phase I Study
Authors: Osada Takuya , Crosby Erika J. , Kaneko Kensuke , Snyder Joshua C. , Ginzel Joshua D. , Acharya Chaitanya R. , Yang Xiao-Yi , Polascik Thomas J. , Spasojevic Ivan , Nelson Rendon C. , Hobeika Amy , Hartman Zachary C. , Neckers Leonard M. , Rogatko Andre , Hughes Philip F. , Huang Jiaoti , Morse Michael A. , Haystead Timothy , Lyerly H. Kim 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A noninvasive test to discriminate indolent prostate cancers from lethal ones would focus treatment where necessary while reducing overtreatment. We exploited the known activity of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) as a chaperone critical for the function of numerous oncogenic drivers, including the androgen receptor and its variants, to detect aggressive prostate cancer. We linked a near-infrared fluorescing molecule to an HSP90 binding drug and demonstrated that this probe (designated HS196) was highly sensitive and specific for detecting implanted prostate cancer cell lines with greater uptake by more aggressive subtypes. In a phase I human study, systemically administered HS196 could be detected in malignant nodules within prostatectomy specimens. Single-cell RNA sequencing identified uptake of HS196 by malignant prostate epithelium from the peripheral zone (AMACR+ERG+EPCAM+ cells), including SYP+ neuroendocrine cells that are associated with therapeutic resistance and metastatic progression. A theranostic version of this molecule is under clinical testing.
Enhanced Antitumor Responses of Tumor Antigen-Specific TCR T Cells Genetically Engineered to Produce IL7 and CCL19
Authors: Tokunaga Yoshihiro , Sasaki Takahiro , Goto Shunsuke , Adachi Keishi , Sakoda Yukimi , Tamada Koji 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Although adoptive transfer of T cells genetically engineered to express chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) or T-cell receptor (TCR) has been actively developed and applied into clinic recently, further improvement of these modalities is highly demanded, especially in terms of its efficacy. Because we previously revealed the profound enhancement of antitumor effects of CAR T cells by concomitant expression of IL7 and CCL19, this study further explored a potential of IL7/CCL19 production technology to augment antitumor effects of TCR T cells. IL7/CCL19-producing P1A tumor antigen-specific TCR T cells (7 × 19 P1A T cells) demonstrated significantly improved antitumor effects, compared with those without IL7/CCL19 production, and generated long-term memory responses. The antitumor effects of 7×19 P1A T cells were further upregulated by combination with anti–PD-1 antibody, in which blockade of PD-1 signal in both 7×19 P1A T cells and endogenous T cells plays an important role. Taken together, our study demonstrated that concomitant production of IL7 and CCL19 by genetically engineered tumor-reactive T cells could synergize with PD-1 blockade therapy to generate potent and long-lasting antitumor immunity.
Socioeconomic and Geographic Characteristics of Hospitals Establishing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Programs, 2012–2018
Authors: Nathan Ashwin S. , Yang Lin , Yang Nancy , Khatana Sameed Ahmed M. , Dayoub Elias J. , Eberly Lauren A. , Vemulapalli Sreekanth , Baron Suzanne J. , Cohen David J. , Desai Nimesh D. , Bavaria Joseph E. , Herrmann Howard C. , Groeneveld Peter W. , Giri Jay , Fanaroff Alexander C. 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Despite the benefits of novel therapeutics, inequitable diffusion of new technologies may generate disparities. We examined the growth of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) in the United States to understand the characteristics of hospitals that developed TAVR programs and the socioeconomic status of patients these hospitals served.

Methods:
We identified fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries aged 66 years or older who underwent TAVR between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2018, and hospitals that developed TAVR programs (defined as performing ≥10 TAVRs over the study period). We used linear regression models to compare socioeconomic characteristics of patients treated at hospitals that did and did not establish TAVR programs and described the association between core-based statistical area level markers of socioeconomic status and TAVR rates.

Results:

Between 2012 and 2018, 583 hospitals developed new TAVR programs, including 572 (98.1%) in metropolitan areas, and 293 (50.3%) in metropolitan areas with preexisting TAVR programs. Compared with hospitals that did not start TAVR programs, hospitals that did start TAVR programs treated fewer patients with dual eligibility for Medicaid (difference of −2.83% [95% CI, −3.78% to −1.89%],
P
≤0.01), higher median household incomes (difference $2447 [95% CI, $1348–$3547],
P
=0.03), and from areas with lower distressed communities index scores (difference −4.02 units [95% CI, −5.43 to −2.61],
P
≤0.01). After adjusting for the age, clinical comorbidities, race and ethnicity and socioeconomic status, areas with TAVR programs had higher rates of TAVR and TAVR rates per 100 000 Medicare beneficiaries were higher in core-based statistical areas with fewer dual eligible patients, higher median income, and lower distressed communities index scores.

Conclusions:
During the initial growth phase of TAVR programs in the United States, hospitals serving wealthier patients were more likely to start programs. This pattern of growth has led to inequities in the dispersion of TAVR, with lower rates in poorer communities.
Mitochondrial Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Protects From Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Improving Complex I Composition and Function
Authors: Ale-Agha Niloofar , Jakobs Philipp , Goy Christine , Zurek Mark , Rosen Julia , Dyballa-Rukes Nadine , Metzger Sabine , Greulich Jan , von Ameln Florian , Eckermann Olaf , Unfried Klaus , Brack Fedor , Grandoch Maria , Thielmann Matthias , Kamler Markus , Gedik Nilgün , Kleinbongard Petra , Heinen Andre , Heusch Gerd , Gödecke Axel , Altschmied Joachim , Haendeler Judith 
Published: October 2021

Background:
The catalytic subunit of telomerase, telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), has protective functions in the cardiovascular system. TERT is not only present in the nucleus but also in mitochondria. However, it is unclear whether nuclear or mitochondrial TERT is responsible for the observed protection, and the appropriate tools are missing to dissect this.

Methods:
We generated new mouse models containing TERT exclusively in the mitochondria (mitoTERT mice) or the nucleus (nucTERT mice) to finally distinguish between the functions of nuclear and mitochondrial TERT. Outcome after ischemia/reperfusion, mitochondrial respiration in the heart, and cellular functions of cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells, as well, were determined.

Results:
All mice were phenotypically normal. Although respiration was reduced in cardiac mitochondria from TERT-deficient and nucTERT mice, it was increased in mitoTERT animals. The latter also had smaller infarcts than wild-type mice, whereas nucTERT animals had larger infarcts. The decrease in ejection fraction after 1, 2, and 4 weeks of reperfusion was attenuated in mitoTERT mice. Scar size was also reduced and vascularization increased. Mitochondrial TERT protected a cardiomyocyte cell line from apoptosis. Myofibroblast differentiation, which depends on complex I activity, was abrogated in TERT-deficient and nucTERT cardiac fibroblasts and completely restored in mitoTERT cells. In endothelial cells, mitochondrial TERT enhanced migratory capacity and activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Mechanistically, mitochondrial TERT improved the ratio between complex I matrix arm and membrane subunits, explaining the enhanced complex I activity. In human right atrial appendages, TERT was localized in mitochondria and there increased by remote ischemic preconditioning. The telomerase activator TA-65 evoked a similar effect in endothelial cells, thereby increasing their migratory capacity, and enhanced myofibroblast differentiation.

Conclusions:
Mitochondrial, but not nuclear TERT, is critical for mitochondrial respiration and during ischemia/reperfusion injury. Mitochondrial TERT improves complex I subunit composition. TERT is present in human heart mitochondria, and remote ischemic preconditioning increases its level in those organelles. TA-65 has comparable effects ex vivo and improves the migratory capacity of endothelial cells and myofibroblast differentiation. We conclude that mitochondrial TERT is responsible for cardioprotection, and its increase could serve as a therapeutic strategy.
Computed Tomography Perfusion–Based Prediction of Core Infarct and Tissue at Risk: Can Artificial Intelligence Help Reduce Radiation Exposure?
Authors: Bathla Girish , Liu Yanan , Zhang Honghai , Sonka Milan , Derdeyn Colin 
Published: October 2021

Background and Purpose:
We explored the feasibility of automated, arterial input function independent, vendor neutral prediction of core infarct, and penumbral tissue using complete and partial computed tomographic perfusion data sets through neural networks.

Methods:
Using retrospective computed tomographic perfusion data from 57 patients, split as training/validation (60%/40%), we developed and validated separate 2-dimensional U-net models for cerebral blood flow (CBF) and time to maximum (Tmax) maps calculation to predict core infarct and tissue at risk, respectively. Once trained, the full sets of 28 input images were sequentially reduced to equitemporal 14, 10, and 7 time points. The averaged structural similarity index measure between the model-derived images and ground truth perfusion maps was compared. Volumes for core infarct and Tmax were compared using the Pearson correlation coefficient.

Results:

Both CBF and Tmax maps derived using 28 and 14 time points had similar structural similarity index measure (0.80–0.81;
P
>0.05) when compared with ground truth images. The Pearson correlation for the CBF and Tmax volumes derived from the model using 28-tp with ground truth volumes derived from the RAPID software was 0.69 for CBF and 0.74 for Tmax. The predicted maps were fully concordant in terms of laterality to the commercial perfusion maps. The mean Dice scores were 0.54 for the core infarct and 0.63 for the hypoperfusion maps.

ConclusionS:
Artificial intelligence model-derived volumes show good correlation with RAPID-derived volumes for CBF and Tmax. Within the constraints of a small sample size, the perfusion map quality is similar when using 14-tp instead of 28-tp. Our findings provide proof of concept that vendor neutral artificial intelligence models for computed tomographic perfusion processing using complete or partial image data sets appear feasible. The model accuracy could be further optimized using larger data sets.
Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation Strengthens Semantic Representations of Foreign Language Tone Words during Initial Stages of Learning
Authors: Phillips Ian , Calloway Regina C. , Karuzis Valerie P. , Pandža Nick B. , O'Rourke Polly , Kuchinsky Stefanie E. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Difficulty perceiving phonological contrasts in a second language (L2) can impede initial L2 lexical learning. Such is the case for English speakers learning tonal languages, like Mandarin Chinese. Given the hypothesized role of reduced neuroplasticity in adulthood limiting L2 phonological perception, the current study examined whether transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS), a relatively new neuromodulatory technique, can facilitate L2 lexical learning for English speakers learning Mandarin Chinese over 2 days. Using a double-blind design, one group of participants received 10 min of continuous priming taVNS before lexical training and testing each day, a second group received 500 msec of peristimulus (peristim) taVNS preceding each to-be-learned item in the same tasks, and a third group received passive sham stimulation. Results of the lexical recognition test administered at the end of each day revealed evidence of learning for all groups, but a higher likelihood of accuracy across days for the peristim group and a greater improvement in response time between days for the priming group. Analyses of N400 ERP components elicited during the same tasks indicate behavioral advantages for both taVNS groups coincided with stronger lexico-semantic encoding for target words. Comparison of these findings to pupillometry results for the same study reported in Pandža, N. B., Phillips, I., Karuzis, V. P., O'Rourke, P., and Kuchinsky, S. E. (Neurostimulation and pupillometry: New directions for learning and research in applied linguistics. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 40, 56–77, 2020) suggest that positive effects of priming taVNS (but not peristim taVNS) on lexico-semantic encoding are related to sustained attentional effort.
An Analysis of Virtual Research Experiences for Undergraduates Programs in Light of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Collins Jennifer , Polen Amy , Jernigan Isabelle , Colón-Burgos Delián , McSweeney Killian , Spandri Melyssa 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
With the continued social distancing requirements of the novel COVID-19 pandemic, many in-person educational programs were halted in 2020, including specialty education and research experiences for undergraduates. However, some Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REUs) progressed in summer 2020 in a fully virtual format. The importance of understanding how these practical STEM skills translated in a virtual REU format, in addition to areas of improvement going forward, are critical to the development of effective online STEM learning through REUs. Two survey instruments were designed to capture data from both the REU mentors (including the PIs) and the students in the programs. Questions included information on the REU they participated in, their perceptions of the best and worst aspects, their overall satisfaction with the experience, and their likelihood to seek out virtual REUs in the future. Overall, both students and faculty involved in virtual REUs were glad to have had the experience and were satisfied with it. The benefits of flexibility, the ease of communication and scheduling, and the increased access to online resources were echoed as the strengths of the virtual format. However, many believe that an in-person REU had benefits that could not be replicated in a virtual environment, including community building and hands-on experiences. Several were bogged down by technical difficulties. With more effort made to include community building to a greater extent, as well as considerations and planning for technical demands, the future of widely accessible online REU experiences is a bright one.