bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paradoxical somatic information processing for interoception and anxiety in alexithymia
Authors: Terasawa Yuri , Oba Kentaro , Motomura Yuki , Katsunuma Ruri , Murakami Hiroki , Moriguchi Yoshiya 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe concept of alexithymia has garnered much attention in an attempt to understand the psychological mechanisms underlying the experience of feeling an emotion. In this study, we aimed to understand how the interoceptive processing in an emotional context relates to problems of alexithymia in recognizing self‐emotions. Therefore, we prepared experimental conditions to induce emotional awareness based on interoceptive information. As such, we asked participants to be aware of interoception under an anxiety‐generating situation anticipating pain, having them evaluate their subjective anxiety levels in this context. High alexithymia participants showed attenuated functional connectivity within their ‘interoception network’, particularly between the insula and the somatosensory areas when they focused on interoception. In contrast, they had enhanced functional connectivity between these regions when they focused on their anxiety about pain. Although access to somatic information is supposed to be more strongly activated while attending to interoception in the context of primary sensory processing, high alexithymia individuals were biased as this process was activated when they felt emotions, suggesting they recognize primitive and unprocessed bodily sensations as emotions. The paradoxical somatic information processing may reflect their brain function pathology for feeling emotions and their difficulty with context‐dependent emotional control.
Local‐scale evaporation and water loss distribution in surface soil as related to near‐surface wind conditions and surface geometry
Authors: Poulsen Tjalfe G. , Li Taining , Lu Tianjian , Chen Han 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLocal (cm) scale water loss distribution and evaporation in soil with flat and furrowed surfaces as a function of near‐surface wind speed and wind direction was investigated. Four levels of average main wind speed (10 cm above furrow ridge summits, 0, 1, 3 and 5 m·s−1), three main wind directions (compared to the direction of the furrows, 0°, 45° and 90°) and two levels of relative air humidity (70% and 86%) were considered. Experiments were conducted under controlled (wind tunnel) conditions, using 50 cm diameter and 15 cm height soil samples. For furrowed samples, 6 cm high ridges with 12 cm distance between ridge tops were used. Resulting wind speed profiles above ridge tops were relatively similar (for the same main wind speed), regardless of wind direction, but differed greatly in the valleys between ridges depending on especially wind direction. Strong indication of standing eddies on the lee side of furrow ridges for wind directions ≥45° was found. Local evaporative water loss spatial distribution in furrowed soil, was strongly dependent on wind direction, while local evaporation rates depended strongly on main wind speed and relative humidity level. Significantly higher evaporative water losses were observed at the wind‐exposed ridge slopes (for wind directions ≥45°) compared to lee slopes.Highlights
Local (cm) scale water loss in furrowed soil under windy conditions was investigated.
Wind speed profiles between furrow ridges were strongly dependent on wind direction.
Local water loss was significantly higher on windward slopes in furrowed soil.
Local water loss spatial distribution was strongly dependent on wind direction.
Using Tsetlin Machine to discover interpretable rules in natural language processing applications
Authors: Saha Rupsa , Granmo Ole‐Christoffer , Goodwin Morten 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTsetlin Machines (TM) use finite state machines for learning and propositional logic to represent patterns. The resulting pattern recognition approach captures information in the form of conjunctive clauses, thus facilitating human interpretation. In this work, we propose a TM‐based approach to three common natural language processing (NLP) tasks, namely, sentiment analysis, semantic relation categorization and identifying entities in multi‐turn dialogues. By performing frequent itemset mining on the TM‐produced patterns, we show that we can obtain a global and a local interpretation of the learning, one that mimics existing rule‐sets or lexicons. Further, we also establish that our TM based approach does not compromise on accuracy in the quest for interpretability, via comparison with some widely used machine learning techniques. Finally, we introduce the idea of a relational TM, which uses a logic‐based framework to further extend the interpretability.
Assessment of the comparative efficiency of software‐based Boolean, electronic, software‐based fractional value and simplified quantum principal expert systems
Authors: Straub Jeremy 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSoftware‐based expert systems typically use an iterative algorithm for rule‐fact network processing. However, other approaches to expert system implementation also exist. This paper proposes simplified quantum principle expert systems and compares the computational efficiency and comparative efficacy of four types of expert systems: software‐based Boolean expert systems, electronic (gate‐based) expert systems, software‐based fractional value (SBFV) expert systems and simplified quantum principal expert systems (SQPES). For two expert system types, software‐based Boolean and SBFV, back chaining and mixed changing techniques, respectively, are also evaluated. The performance of these systems approaches is compared quantitatively, and the efficacy of the different systems types are compared both qualitatively and quantitatively.
Perceived and observed family functioning in adolescents affected by restrictive eating disorders
Authors: Mensi Martina Maria , Criscuolo Michela , Vai Eleonora , Rogantini Chiara , Orlandi Marika , Ballante Elena , Zanna Valeria , Mazzoni Silvia , Balottin Umberto , Borgatti Renato 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveWe used the self‐reported questionnaire FACES‐IV (Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale–IV) to depict the presence of a typical family‐functioning profile in families with a daughter affected by a restrictive eating disorder. We compared mothers' and fathers' perceptions about their family with each other's and with the clinician's observations. Furthermore, we compared these results with a rigorous standardized evaluation of family functioning, the Lausanne Trilogue Play—clinical version (LTPc).BackgroundMany studies have emphasized the role of family factors in the development and maintenance of eating disorders. Previous work using the LTPc have underscored that families with a member who is affected by anorexia nervosa show dysfunctional dynamics compared with control families. However, the FACES‐IV questionnaire showed different results.MethodWe enrolled 40 female adolescents (M = 14.7 years, SD = 1.5) suffering from restrictive eating disorders and their parents. Each parent filled in the FACES‐IV and participated with their daughter in the videotaped LTPc observation.ResultsWe found balanced functioning and good agreement between parents on the FACES‐IV. However, the LTPc results indicates that parents' perception differs from standardized evaluation.ConclusionOur results suggest using both self‐reported and observational instruments to assess family functioning will improve the accuracy of the assessment of patients with restrictive eating disorders.ImplicationsClinicians should use self‐reported questionnaires along with observational tools such as the LTPc to work with family members, facilitate their understanding of family difficulties, and thus improve family functioning and patient outcomes.
Concurrent habitat fluctuations of two economically important marine species in the Southeast Pacific Ocean off Chile in relation to ENSO perturbations
Authors: Feng Zhiping , Yu Wei , Chen Xinjun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractENSO‐driven concurrent habitat fluctuations of two economically important marine species jumbo squid Dosidicus gigas and jack mackerel Trachurus murphyi in the Southeast Pacific Ocean off Chile during 1950–2017 were examined using a habitat suitability index (HSI) modeling approach. The optimal HSI models sourced from 10 weighing‐based scenarios were developed, selected and validated using the crucial factors water temperature at 400 m depth (Temp_400m), sea surface height anomaly (SSHA) and sea surface salinity (SSS) for D. gigas and sea surface temperature (SST), Temp_400m, and mixed layer depth (MLD) for T. murphyi. Results suggested that the optimal HSI model could accurately predict the habitat hotspots for D. gigas and T. murphyi. The ENSO event (indicated by Niño 3.4 index, NI) was significantly related to environmental conditions off Chile. Cross‐correlation revealed positive relationships between NI and SST, SSHA, SSS, and Temp_400m and negative correlation between NI and MLD. Synchronous opposite habitat fluctuations were shown between D. gigas and T. murphyi under different ENSO events. The NI was significantly negatively related to the HSI of D. gigas and positively correlated with the HSI of T. murphyi. Comparing with the El Niño years, suitable habitats of D. gigas and T. murphyi dramatically enlarged and contracted, respectively, during the La Niña years. Both suitable habitats moved southwestward under this climate conditions. Our finding suggested that ENSO‐driven environmental changes played important roles in the concurrent habitat fluctuations of D. gigas and T. murphyi. Such studies are conducive to the effective utilization and management of multiple related species.
Temperature and pH mediate stoichiometric constraints of organically derived soil nutrients
Authors: Souza Ligia F. T. , Billings Sharon A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIt remains unclear how warming will affect resource flows during soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition, in part due to uncertainty in how exoenzymes produced by microbes and roots will function. Rising temperatures can enhance the activity of most exoenzymes, but soil pH can impose limitations on their catalytic efficiency. The effects of temperature and pH on enzyme activity are often examined in environmental samples, but purified enzyme kinetics reveal fundamental attributes of enzymes’ intrinsic temperature responses and how relative release of decay‐liberated resources (their flow ratios) can change with environmental conditions. In this paper, we illuminate the principle that fundamental, biochemical limitations on SOM release of C, N, and P during decay, and differential exoenzymes’ responses to the environment, can exert biosphere‐scale significance on the stoichiometry of bioavailable soil resources. To that end, we combined previously published intrinsic temperature sensitivities of two hydrolytic enzymes that release C and N during decay with a novel data set characterizing the kinetics of a P‐releasing enzyme (acid phosphatase) across an ecologically relevant pH gradient. We use these data to estimate potential change in the flow ratios derived from these three enzymes’ activities (C:N, C:P, and N:P) at the global scale by the end of the century, based on temperature projections and soil pH distribution. Our results highlight how the temperature sensitivity of these hydrolytic enzymes and the influence of pH on that sensitivity can govern the relative availability of bioavailable resources derived from these enzymes. The work illuminates the utility of weaving well‐defined kinetic constraints of microbes’ exoenzymes into models that incorporate changing SOM inputs and composition, nutrient availability, and microbial functioning into their efforts to project terrestrial ecosystem functioning in a changing climate.
Soil burial reduces decomposition and offsets erosion‐induced soil carbon losses in the Indian Himalaya
Authors: Mariappan Sankar , Hartley Iain P. , Cressey Elizabeth L. , Dungait Jennifer A. J. , Quine Timothy A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe extent to which soil erosion is a net source or sink of carbon globally remains unresolved but has the potential to play a key role in determining the magnitude of CO2 emissions from land‐use change in rapidly eroding landscapes. The effects of soil erosion on carbon storage in low‐input agricultural systems, in acknowledged global soil erosion hotspots in developing countries, are especially poorly understood. Working in one such hotspot, the Indian Himalaya, we measured and modelled field‐scale soil budgets, to quantify erosion‐induced changes in soil carbon storage. In addition, we used long‐term (1‐year) incubations of separate and mixed soil horizons to better understand the mechanisms controlling erosion‐induced changes in soil carbon cycling. We demonstrate that high rates of soil erosion did not promote a net carbon loss to the atmosphere at the field scale. Furthermore, our experiments showed that rates of decomposition in the organic matter‐rich subsoil layers in depositional areas were lower per unit of soil carbon than from other landscape positions; however, these rates could be increased by mixing with topsoils. The results indicate that, the burial of soil carbon, and separation from fresh carbon inputs, led to reduced rates of decomposition offsetting potential carbon losses during soil erosion and transport within the cultivated fields. We conclude that the high rates of erosion experienced in these Himalayan soils do not, in isolation, drive substantial emissions of organic carbon, and there is the potential to promote carbon storage through sustainable agricultural practice.
Trends in the epidemiology of dermatophytosis in the Middle East and North Africa region
Authors: Osman Marwan , Kasir Dalal , Rafei Rayane , Kassem Issmat I. , Ismail Mohamad Bachar , El Omari Khaled , Dabboussi Fouad , Cazer Casey , Papon Nicolas , Bouchara Jean‐Philippe , Hamze Monzer 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDermatophytosis corresponds to a broad series of infections, mostly superficial, caused by a group of keratinophilic and keratinolytic filamentous fungi called dermatophytes. These mycoses are currently considered to be a major public health concern worldwide, particularly in developing countries such as those in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Here we compiled and discussed existing epidemiologic data on these infections in the MENA region. Most of the available studies were based on conventional diagnostic strategies and were published before the last taxonomic revision of dermatophytes. This has led to misidentifications, which might have resulted in the underestimation of the real burden of these infections in the MENA countries. Our analysis of the available literature highlights an urgent need for further studies based on reliable diagnostic tools and standard susceptibility testing methods for dermatophytosis, which represents a major challenge for these countries. This is crucial for guiding appropriate interventions and activating antifungal stewardship programs in the future.
Agentic capabilities as predictors of psychological capital, job performance, and social capital over time
Authors: Cenciotti Roberto , Alessandri Guido , Borgogni Laura , Consiglio Chiara 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe present two‐wave study, conducted on 456 employees, investigates the mediating role of psychological capital (PsyCap) in the relationships between agentic capabilities (i.e., forethought, self‐regulation, and self‐reflection) and three outcomes, namely job performance, rated by supervisors, and two forms of social capital, namely vertical social capital (i.e., the perceptions of relationship with the supervisor), and horizontal social capital (i.e., the perceptions of positive relationships with colleagues). The results confirmed the positive prediction of PsyCap by agentic capabilities, emphasizing its agentic nature. Moreover, PsyCap fully mediated the positive effect of agentic capabilities on the three outcomes (i.e., job performance, positive perceptions of supervisors, and positive perceptions of colleagues), revealing its key role in translating basic cognitive capabilities related to human agency in job performance and both vertical and horizontal social capital. Future research directions and practical implications are discussed.
Impact of neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy on postimplant prostate D90 and prostate volume after low‐dose‐rate brachytherapy for localized prostate cancer
Authors: Owari Takuya , Tanaka Nobumichi , Nakai Yasushi , Miyake Makito , Anai Satoshi , Torimoto Kazumasa , Maesaka Fumisato , Asakawa Isao , Yamaki Kaori , Fuji Tomomi , Hasegawa Masatoshi , Fujimoto Kiyohide 
Published: November 2021

ObjectiveHigher quality of postimplant dosimetric evaluation is associated with higher biochemical recurrence‐free survival rates after low‐dose‐rate brachytherapy for localized prostate cancer. Postimplant prostate D90 is a key dosimetric parameter showing the quality of low‐dose‐rate brachytherapy. In this study, to improve the quality of low‐dose‐rate brachytherapy for localized prostate cancer, we investigated pre‐implant factors affecting the reduction of postimplant prostate D90.MethodsA total of 441 patients underwent low‐dose‐rate brachytherapy monotherapy and 474 patients underwent low‐dose‐rate brachytherapy with external beam radiation therapy. Logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify predictive factors for postimplant D90 decline. The cut‐off value of the D90 decline was set at 170 Gy and 130 Gy in the low‐dose‐rate brachytherapy monotherapy group and low‐dose‐rate brachytherapy with external beam radiation therapy group, respectively.ResultsOn multivariate analysis, neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy was identified as an independent predictive factor for the decline of postimplant D90 in both the low‐dose‐rate brachytherapy monotherapy group (P < 0.001) and low‐dose‐rate brachytherapy with external beam radiation therapy group (P = 0.003). Prostate volume changes and computed tomography/transrectal ultrasound prostate volume ratio were significantly and negatively correlated with the postimplant D90. The prostate volume changes and computed tomography/transrectal ultrasound prostate volume ratio were significantly higher in patients with neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy than those without neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy (P < 0.001).ConclusionsNeoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy decreased postimplant D90 with substantial prostate gland swelling after low‐dose‐rate brachytherapy. When neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy is required to reduce prostate volume for patients with large prostate glands and offer adequate local control for patients with high‐risk prostate cancer before low‐dose‐rate brachytherapy, intraoperative D90 adjustment might be necessary.
An examination of the use of antibiotics as a method to experimentally perturb the microbiota of suspension‐feeding bivalves
Authors: Griffin Tyler W. , Pierce Melissa L. , Nigro Lisa M. , Holohan Bridget A. , Ward J. Evan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSuspension‐feeding bivalves are critical members of aquatic ecosystems worldwide, which is why research into their host‐associated microbiota is growing. Experiments that artificially diminish the native microbial communities of bivalves in vivo will be increasingly necessary to evaluate the functional role of microbes within their hosts. Previous methods to manipulate the microbiome of bivalves lack standardization and, often, verification of successful disturbance. The goal of this study was to evaluate antibiotic administration as a method for perturbing the gut microbiome of bivalves in two separate, but related, experiments. In the first, a mixture of antibiotics was delivered to eastern oysters for 4 days to probe effects on gut microbial carbon usage, diversity, and taxonomic composition. In the second, the same antibiotic mixture was administered to blue mussels for 21 days to probe effects on microbial abundance, diversity, and taxonomic composition. In both experiments, animals were administered antibiotics in isolation, and stringent sterilization methods were employed, which included sterilized seawater and microalgal food. The results of the oyster experiment revealed that antibiotics substantially reduced microbial carbon usage and perturbed community composition. In the mussel experiment, antibiotics lowered microbial abundance and species richness and significantly altered community composition. Taken together, results from the two experiments demonstrate that antibiotics can be used to effectively alter the function and composition of the gut microbial community of bivalves. Future research that aims to perturb the microbiomes of suspension‐feeding animals should incorporate aspects similar to the protocols described herein. Additionally, future studies must include verification, ideally high‐throughput DNA sequencing coupled with microbial quantification, that the antibiotic perturbation was successful.
Facile fabrication of Nd2O2S/C nanocomposite with enhanced microwave absorption induced by defects
Authors: Shen Zhongjing , Peng Hualong , Xiong Zhiqiang , Yang Huili , Huang Zihao , Huang Shuyi , Liu Chongbo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe derivatives of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) in which various metal and/or metal oxides are uniformly distributed in porous carbon materials have attracted considerable attention owing to their special characteristics such as large specific surface area, adjustable pore structure, highly ordered pores, and uniform metal sites. Presently, the electromagnetic absorption property of MOF derivatives is primarily enhanced by changing their metal ions, and it is still a challenge to improve the loss ability of MOF‐derived absorbers by modifying the organic ligands of MOFs. In this work, rhombic Nd2O2S/C nanocomposites with excellent microwave absorption (MA) performance are synthesized via in‐situ pyrolysis of (Nd[TDA][CH3COO][H2O])n (H2TDA: 2,5‐thiophenedioic acid). The influence of pyrolysis temperature on the MA performance of the composites is examined. The Nd2O2S/C‐800 composite exhibits a minimum reflection loss of –52.3 dB at 2.56 mm thickness, which is ascribed to the synergistic effect of multiple loss mechanisms, including polarization, conduction loss, and so forth. Overall, this paper provides a useful method to synthesize high‐performance MA materials by utilizing MOFs with rare‐earth ions connected by sulfur‐containing organic ligand.
Fertility preservation of polypoid endometriosis: Case series and literature review
Authors: Miyoshi Sayuri , Yamaguchi Ken , Chigusa Yoshitsugu , Sunada Masumi , Yamanoi Koji , Horie Akihito , Hamanishi Junzo , Kondoh Eiji , Mandai Masaki 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPolypoid endometriosis (PE) is a rare distinctive variant of endometriosis with morphological features resembling malignant tumors. Although a surgical procedure is usually performed for the treatment and diagnosis of PE, fertility preservation is usually desired in cases of reproductive age. However, there have been no reports of fertility‐preserving treatments resulting in live births. In this study, we report three cases of PE that were diagnosed preoperatively or intraoperatively, leading to fertility preservation. Intraoperative pathological diagnosis, hysteroscopy, and hormone therapy before treatment were useful for preoperative diagnosis in the three cases. Two of the three patients got pregnant and the pregnancy progressed to a live birth. We also performed a literature review to identify the clinical characteristics indicative of the preoperative diagnosis of PE.