bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depression, anxiety and psychological distress in patients with pulmonary hypertension: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Takita Yuka , Takeda Yuko , Fujisawa Daisuke , Kataoka Masaharu , Kawakami Takashi , Doorenbos Ardith Z 
Published: April 2021

IntroductionPulmonary hypertension (PH) is a chronic and progressive disease. While prognoses have improved, PH patients still experience side effects and activity restrictions. Accordingly, the key questions asked by this study are ‘How many PH patients have depression/anxiety symptoms?’ and ‘Is there a difference in the symptoms and distress factors between pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and chronic thromboembolic PH (CTEPH) patients, and how are they experiencing distress?’MethodsA mixed-methods study was conducted to collect and analyse quantitative and qualitative data. We administered questionnaires (Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7) and then conducted interviews with participants who reported moderate to severe depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 ≥10).ResultsSeventy-four participants were enrolled in the study, 25 with idiopathic PAH and 49 with CTEPH. Their average age was 55.2 years (PAH 42.7 years, CTEPH 61.5 years). Overall, 44.6% of participants had mild or more severe depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 ≥5) and 17.6% had moderate or more severe depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 ≥10). PAH patients had particularly high depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 ≥5: PAH 64.0%, CTEPH 34.7%; PHQ-9 ≥10: PAH 24%, CTEPH 14.3%). We extracted four common themes from the qualitative interview data on participants’ experience of psychological distress: ‘Loss of myself,’ ‘Isolation from my surroundings,’ ‘Hassle associated with oxygen therapy,’ and ‘Fear of illness progression/deterioration.’ One theme— ‘Suffering from side effects’—was extracted only for PAH patients, while another—‘Rumination on illness due to breathlessness’—was extracted only for CTEPH patients.Discussion and conclusionThe study found that PH patients are prone to depression. The identification of factors and themes that influence the psychological distress of PH patients is important information that can be used to improve the support for the physical and mental health of these patients. Interventions for these distress may contribute to improving the mental status of PH patients.
Image-guided placement of totally implanted vascular access device: retrospective analysis of the clinical outcomes and associated risk factors
Authors: Yoon So Yeon , Jeon Gyeong Sik , Jung Sanghoon 
Published: April 2021

ObjectivesTo determine risk factors for catheter survival and complications after image-guided implantation of a totally implanted vascular access device (TIVAD).MethodsA total of 2883 TIVADs (2735 patients, 63.5±13 years old, 1060 men, 1675 women) implanted under guidance by ultrasound and fluoroscopy in our institution from January 2010 to December 2019 were evaluated retrospectively. We used the log rank test and logistic regression to analyse risk factors associated with catheter survival and complications.ResultsFemale patients (n=1778; 61.7%; mean catheter survival days: 780.6 days) and those with a haematological malignancy (n=277; 10.1%; mean catheter survival days: 1019 days) had significantly better catheter survival than male patients (n=1105; 38.3%; mean catheter survival days: 645.9 days) and those with a solid organ malignancy (n=2447; 89.5%; mean catheter survival days: 701 days) (p<0.001 and p=0.003). Patients with haematological malignancies and benign vascular inflammatory disease (n=11; 0.4%) were vulnerable to infection (n=96; 3.3%) (p<0.001 and p=0.004). Thrombotic malfunction (n=38; 1.3%) was significantly more common in females than males (p=0.005). Non-thrombotic malfunction (n=16; 0.6%) showed a significant association with left positioning of the TIVAD (n=410; 14.2%) (p=0.043). Wound dehiscence (n=3; 0.1%) was significantly more frequent in punctured veins other (n=23; 0.8%) than the internal jugular vein (p<0.001).ConclusionsIncreased attention should be paid to patients with an underlying haematological malignancy, underlying vascular inflammatory disease, female patients, older patients, those accessed via a vein other than the IJV, those with left positioning of the TIVAD system or those with a prolonged TIVAD maintenance.
Time to get serious about the detection and monitoring of early lung disease in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Bayfield Katie J , Douglas Tonia A , Rosenow Tim , Davies Jane C , Elborn Stuart J , Mall Marcus , Paproki Anthony , Ratjen Felix , Sly Peter D , Smyth Alan R , Stick Stephen , Wainwright Claire E , Robinson Paul D 
Published: April 2021

Structural and functional defects within the lungs of children with cystic fibrosis (CF) are detectable soon after birth and progress throughout preschool years often without overt clinical signs or symptoms. By school age, most children have structural changes such as bronchiectasis or gas trapping/hypoperfusion and lung function abnormalities that persist into later life. Despite improved survival, gains in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) achieved across successive birth cohorts during childhood have plateaued, and rates of FEV1decline in adolescence and adulthood have not slowed. This suggests that interventions aimed at preventing lung disease should be targeted to mild disease and commence in early life. Spirometry-based classifications of ‘normal’ (FEV1≥90% predicted) and ‘mild lung disease’ (FEV170%–89% predicted) are inappropriate, given the failure of spirometry to detect significant structural or functional abnormalities shown by more sensitive imaging and lung function techniques. The state and readiness of two imaging (CT and MRI) and two functional (multiple breath washout and oscillometry) tools for the detection and monitoring of early lung disease in children and adults with CF are discussed in this article.Prospective research programmes and technological advances in these techniques mean that well-designed interventional trials in early lung disease, particularly in young children and infants, are possible. Age appropriate, randomised controlled trials are critical to determine the safety, efficacy and best use of new therapies in young children. Regulatory bodies continue to approve medications in young children based on safety data alone and extrapolation of efficacy results from older age groups. Harnessing the complementary information from structural and functional tools, with measures of inflammation and infection, will significantly advance our understanding of early CF lung disease pathophysiology and responses to therapy. Defining clinical utility for these novel techniques will require effective collaboration across multiple disciplines to address important remaining research questions. Future impact on existing management burden for patients with CF and their family must be considered, assessed and minimised.To address the possible role of these techniques in early lung disease, a meeting of international leaders and experts in the field was convened in August 2019 at the Australiasian Cystic Fibrosis Conference. The meeting entitiled ‘Shaping imaging and functional testing for early disease detection of lung disease in Cystic Fibrosis’, was attended by representatives across the range of disciplines involved in modern CF care. This document summarises the proceedings, key priorities and important research questions highlighted.
An end-to-end statistical process with mobile network data for official statistics
Authors: Salgado David , Sanguiao Luis , Oancea Bogdan , Barragán Sandra , Necula Marian 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMobile network data has been proven to provide a rich source of information in multiple statistical domains such as demography, tourism, urban planning, etc. However, the incorporation of this data source to the routinely production of official statistics is taking many efforts since a diversity of highly entangled issues (access, methodology, IT tools, quality, skills) must be solved beforehand. To do this, one-off studies with concrete data sets are not enough and a standard statistical production process must be put in place. We propose a concrete modular process structured into evolvable modules detaching the strongly technological layer underlying this data source from the necessary statistical analysis producing outputs of interest. This architecture follows the principles of the so-called ESS Reference Methodological Framework for Mobile Network Data. Each of these modules deals with a different aspect of this data source. We apply hidden Markov models for the geolocation of mobile devices, use a Bayesian approach on this model to disambiguate devices belonging to the same individual, compute aggregate numbers of individuals detected by a telecommunication network using probability theory, and model hierarchically the integration of auxiliary information from the telco market and official data to produce final estimates of the number of individuals across different territorial regions in the target population. A first simple illustrative proposal has been applied to synthetic data providing preliminary software tools and accuracy indicators monitoring the performance of the process. Currently, this exercise has been applied to the estimation of present population and origin-destination matrices. We present an illustrative example of the execution of these production modules comparing results with the simulated ground truth, thus assessing the performance of each production module.
Safety and Efficacy of Anticoagulation in Patients with Cirrhosis: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Chen Huan , Lei Jiaming , Liang Sicheng , Luo Gang , Deng Mingming , Lü Muhan 
Published: April 2021

Background and Aims. Portal vein thrombosis is a serious adverse event that occurs during liver cirrhosis. We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the safety and efficacy of anticoagulant therapy and prophylactic anticoagulant therapy in cirrhosis patients with (/without) portal vein thrombosis. Methods. Eligible comparative studies were identified by searching the following electronic databases: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and CNKI. A meta-analysis was performed to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals using fixed-effects models. Recanalization and thrombus progression were defined as the primary outcomes. Secondary outcomes included adverse events and death mortality. Results. A total of 3479 patients were included in this analysis. Compared with the control group, the recanalization rate in the anticoagulant therapy group was increased

P
<
0.00001

in patients with cirrhosis and portal vein thrombosis without increasing adverse events. Multiple use of enoxaparin in small doses is safer than single large doses

P
=
0.004

. Direct oral anticoagulants are more effective

P
<
0.00001

and safer than traditional anticoagulants. Prophylactic anticoagulant therapy can effectively prevent portal vein thrombosis formation

P
<
0.00001

. Conclusions. Anticoagulation therapy can treat or prevent portal vein thrombosis in patients with liver cirrhosis and is a relatively safe treatment.
Solid Organ Transplantation and Survival among Individuals with a History of Cancer
Authors: Engels Eric A. , Haber Gregory , Hart Allyson , Lynch Charles F. , Li Jie , Pawlish Karen S. , Qiao Baozhen , Yu Kelly J. , Pfeiffer Ruth M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background:
The success of immunotherapy highlights a possible role for immunity in controlling cancer during remission for patients with cancer in the general population. A prior cancer diagnosis is common among solid organ transplant candidates, and immunosuppressive medications administered to transplant recipients may increase recurrence risk.

Methods:
Using linked data from the United States solid organ transplant registry and 13 cancer registries, we compared overall and cancer-specific survival among patients with cancer who did versus did not receive subsequent transplantation. We used Cox regression in cohort and matched analyses, controlling for demographic factors, cancer stage, and time since cancer diagnosis.

Results:
The study included 10,524,326 patients with cancer, with 17 cancer types; 5,425 (0.05%) subsequently underwent solid organ transplantation. The median time from cancer diagnosis to transplantation was 5.7 years. Transplantation was associated with reduced overall survival for most cancers, especially cervical, testicular, and thyroid cancers [adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) for overall mortality, 3.43–4.88]. In contrast, transplantation was not associated with decreased cancer-specific survival for any cancer site, and we observed inverse associations for patients with breast cancer (aHRs for cancer-specific mortality, 0.65–0.67), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (0.50–0.51), and myeloma (0.39–0.42).

Conclusions:
Among U.S. patients with cancer, subsequent organ transplantation was associated with reduced overall survival, likely due to end-stage organ disease and transplant-related complications. However, we did not observe adverse associations with cancer-specific survival, partly reflecting careful candidate selection.

Impact:
These results do not demonstrate a detrimental effect of immunosuppression on cancer-specific survival and support current management strategies for transplant candidates with previous cancer diagnoses.
A Low Tumor Mutational Burden and PTEN Mutations Are Predictors of a Negative Response to PD-1 Blockade in MSI-H/dMMR Gastrointestinal Tumors
Authors: Chida Keigo , Kawazoe Akihito , Kawazu Masahito , Suzuki Toshihiro , Nakamura Yoshiaki , Nakatsura Tetsuya , Kuwata Takeshi , Ueno Toshihide , Kuboki Yasutoshi , Kotani Daisuke , Kojima Takashi , Taniguchi Hiroya , Mano Hiroyuki , Ikeda Masafumi , Shitara Kohei , Endo Itaru , Yoshino Takayuki 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Purpose:
This study performed a comprehensive molecular characterization of microsatellite instability–high (MSI-H)/mismatch repair–deficient (dMMR) gastrointestinal (GI) tumors to elucidate predictors of response to PD-1 blockade.

Experimental Design:
Forty-five patients with MSI-H/dMMR GI tumors, including gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, small intestine cancer, pancreatic cancer, and duodenal cancer, receiving PD-1 blockade were analyzed. We conducted the genomic profiling of GI tumors by whole-exome sequencing or targeted next-generation sequencing. The tumor microenvironment was evaluated by transcriptomic analysis and multiplex fluorescence IHC.

Results:
Patients with low tumor mutational burdens (TMBs) had lower objective response rates (ORRs; 0% vs. 48.8%) and a significantly shorter progression-free survival (PFS; 2.3 vs. 15.6 months; HR, 6.20; P = 0.002) than those with high TMBs. Among common gene alterations in GI tumors, only PTEN mutations, which were mutually exclusive with a low TMB, were significantly associated with a lower ORRs than wild-type PTEN (21.4 vs. 54.8%; odds, 4.45; P = 0.045). Compared with wild-type PTEN, PTEN mutations in the phosphatase domain were associated with significantly lower ORRs (12.5 vs. 54.8%; P = 0.049), shorter PFS (2.6 vs. 15.6 months; HR, 5.04; P &lt; 0.001), lower intratumoral CD8+ T-cell levels, higher intratumoral CD204+ macrophage levels, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway enrichment, whereas PTEN mutations in the C2 domain were not.

Conclusions:
Low TMBs and PTEN mutations, especially mutations in the phosphatase domain associated with an immunosuppressive environment, were mutually exclusive and might be negative predictors of PD-1 blockade responses in patients with MSI-H/dMMR GI tumors.
Functional Delineation of Prefrontal Networks Underlying Working Memory in Schizophrenia: A Cross-data-set Examination
Authors: Sanford Nicole , Woodward Todd S. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Working memory (WM) impairment in schizophrenia substantially impacts functional outcome. Although the dorsolateral pFC has been implicated in such impairment, a more comprehensive examination of brain networks comprising pFC is warranted. The present research used a whole-brain, multi-experiment analysis to delineate task-related networks comprising pFC. Activity was examined in schizophrenia patients across a variety of cognitive demands. Methods: One hundred schizophrenia patients and 102 healthy controls completed one of four fMRI tasks: a Sternberg verbal WM task, a visuospatial WM task, a Stroop set-switching task, and a thought generation task (TGT). Task-related networks were identified using multi-experiment constrained PCA for fMRI. Effects of task conditions and group differences were examined using mixed-model ANOVA on the task-related time series. Correlations between task performance and network engagement were also performed. Results: Four spatially and temporally distinct networks with pFC activation emerged and were postulated to subserve (1) internal attention, (2) auditory–motor attention, (3) motor responses, and (4) task energizing. The “energizing” network—engaged during WM encoding and diminished in patients—exhibited consistent trend relationships with WM capacity across different data sets. The dorsolateral-prefrontal-cortex-dominated “internal attention” network exhibited some evidence of hypoactivity in patients, but was not correlated with WM performance. Conclusions: Multi-experiment analysis allowed delineation of task-related, pFC-anchored networks across different cognitive constructs. Given the results with respect to the early-responding “energizing” network, WM deficits in schizophrenia may arise from disruption in the “energization” process described by Donald Stuss' model of pFC functions.
Semantic Interference through Multiple Distractors in Picture Naming in People with Aphasia
Authors: van Scherpenberg Cornelia , Abdel Rahman Rasha , Regenbrecht Frank , Obrig Hellmuth 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
When we refer to an object or concept by its name, activation of semantic and categorical information is necessary to retrieve the correct lexical representation. Whereas in neurotypical individuals it is well established that semantic context can interfere with or facilitate lexical retrieval, these effects are much less studied in people with lesions to the language network and impairment at different steps of lexical-semantic processing. Here, we applied a novel picture naming paradigm, where multiple categorically related and unrelated words were presented as distractors before a to-be-named target picture. Using eye tracking, we investigated preferential fixation on the cohort members versus nonmembers. Thereby, we can judge the impact of explicit acknowledgment of the category and its effect on semantic interference. We found that, in contrast to neurotypical participants [van Scherpenberg, C., Abdel Rahman, R., & Obrig, H. A novel multiword paradigm for investigating semantic context effects in language production. PLoS One, 15, e0230439, 2020], participants suffering from mild to moderate aphasia did not show a fixation preference on category members but still showed a large interference effect of ∼35 msec, confirming the implicit mechanism of categorical interference. However, preferential fixation on the categorically related cohort words correlated with clinical tests regarding nonverbal semantic abilities and integrity of the anterior temporal lobe. This highlights the role of supramodal semantics for explicit recognition of a semantic category, while semantic interference is triggered if the threshold of lexical cohort activation is reached. Confirming psycholinguistic evidence, the demonstration of a large and persistent interference effect through implicit lexico-semantic activation is important to understand deficits in people with a lesion in thelanguage network, potentially relevant for individualized intervention aiming at improving naming skills.
Plowshares: The Career of a Biblical Allusion in The New York Times, 1940–1990
Authors: Smith-Christopher Daniel L. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Growing efforts to digitalize newspapers present biblical scholars, especially those interested in “Reception History” or “Popular Interpretation”, with a potentially rich resource. This experiment analyzes a clear “biblical” term, namely “Plowshare” (including a few variant spellings), with regard to its’ use in the New York Times between 1940 and 1990. The sheer number of uses (over 1200) and the variety of contexts for its’ use, is revealing. What emerges from the heavily politicized use of the term is that (a) it is virtually always understood to be a biblical reference to peace and peacemaking, but (b) there is a wide variety of perspectives as to whether it is an ethical maxim or an unrealistic “fantasy” in the face of hard political “realities”. Finally, using the two terms “swords” and “plowshares” together began to clearly emerge in the 20th century as a pious alternative to “guns and butter”, taking on the same “either/or” interpretation. Thus, studying Biblical interpretation in the popular press may offer an important tool in assessing “popular ideas” in specific contexts of world events or cultural contexts.
Can the Women Speak?: A Symptomatic Reading of the Women’s Silence in the Markan Ending
Authors: Jun Sunhee 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Two prevalent interpretations of the women’s silence in the Markan ending—the silence as failure and as a religious response—share the assumption that the silence is the subjective action of the women. However, such interpretations fail to see the way in which the Markan women characters are constructed in the narrative, which is already colored by an androcentric and patriarchal lens. In this paper, I propose a symptomatic reading of the silence with a question “Can the women in Mark speak?” which is inspired by Spivak’s article “Can the Subaltern Speak?” (1999). An analysis of women’s speech in Mark shows how their voices are silenced in/by narrative. The women’s silence symptomatically appears from the Markan contradiction. On the one hand, Mark portrays the women positively on the surface; but soon after, Mark unconsciously dismisses the women from the narrative because of internalized androcentrism on the other.
No remnants of nasolacrimal ducts in any Desmognathini salamanders indicates loss early in their evolutionary history
Authors: Long Cody L. , Taylor Michael S. , Waltz James T. , Trauth Stanley E. , Itgen Michael W. , Siegel Dustin S. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Previous studies demonstrated that nasolacrimal ducts were present in the ancestral plethodontid lineage. Two lineages within Plethodontidae contain individuals that do not possess nasolacrimal ducts: Desmognathus and Eurycea. Earlier works examined only two species of Desmognathus, D. fuscus and D. monticola. We obtained every Desmognathini (Phaeognathus + Desmognathus) species possible from novel collections and museum collections and assessed presence or absence of nasolacrimal ducts using contrast-enhanced computed tomography and routine histological procedures. The goal was to test the hypothesis that nasolacrimal ducts were lost on the evolutionary branch leading to Desmognathus. We rejected our hypothesis by finding that nasolacrimal ducts were absent in all Desmognathus that we examined and Phaeognathus hubrichti; thus, we recovered the absence of nasolacrimal ducts on the evolutionary branch leading to Desmognathini.