bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Update to U.S. National Response Team's Abandoned Vessels Authorities and Best Practices Guidance
Authors: Brooks Rebecca J. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The U.S. National Response Team promulgated an interagency guidance document entitled “Abandoned Vessel Authorities and Best Practices Guidance” (AVG) in 2014 to address a myriad of questions that the Federal On-Scene Coordinators and broader response community tend to face when mitigating threats caused by abandoned or derelict vessels. This document compiles information surrounding existing laws, policies, and best practices to inform and advise responders without bogging them down in “legalese” or forcing them to search from document to document to find all the relevant information. In the aftermath of the 2017 Atlantic Hurricane Season and associated responses, the National Response Team tasked its Preparedness Committee to reopen the 2014 AVG to ensure the document addressed the challenges that were brought to light amid the responses. The Committee chartered a working group to systematically review and update this document and incorporate the latest pertinent policy changes, including those from Federal Emergency Management Agency to ensure that it most thoroughly addressed the gamut of issues a responder may come up against in the arena of abandoned (or derelict, or displaced) vessel management. The updated AVG was completed and approved by the NRT in 2020 and is posted to the NRT website. Major updates include: Considerations for long-term storage and disposal;Clarification on foreign-flagged vessel nuances;Information for responders to consider regarding contaminants other than those covered under NCP/ESF constructs (e.g. if typical response authorities do not cover a scenario, what options might the responder still leverage);An additional section addressing nuances of managing multiple vessel casualties at once, either due to a natural disaster or an act or omission from a third party; andImportant differences between National Contingency Plan and Stafford Act funded/organized responses.
This paper dives into the rationale for making changes, the benefits of additions made, the processes and methodologies for undertaking updates, and major elements of the AVG to provide a snapshot of the guidance it affords the reader.
NSF Response Case Study: Hazardous Materials Release at Intercontinental Terminal Company, Deer Park, Texas
Authors: Edwards CDR Shaun , Thornton LCDR Jessica , Pounds Kenneth “KP” 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
On March 17th, 2019 the Intercontinental Terminal Company (ITC) Deer Park, Texas river terminal and storage facility, comprised of 242 above ground storage tanks with a site capacity of 13.1 million barrels of hazardous products, experienced a tank fire. This incident would also become known as the “2nd 80s Fire” based on the identification of tanks impacted. The fire was contained to a single grouping of 15 tanks, with stored products including Naphtha, Toluene, Xylene, Benzene, Pyrolysis Gasoline, and Gasoline Blend stocks. Extended firefighting efforts resulted in volumes of water and firefighting foam that exceeded the capacity of the containment systems, resulting in the subsequent containment failure on March 22nd, which enabled the hazardous chemicals and mixture of various products to eventually reach the Houston Ship Channel. The surrounding industrial and residential communities experienced shelter-in-place orders due to the air quality concerns, and the vital waterway was shut down to commercial traffic.
On-water benzene levels exceeded 20 parts per million (ppm) during the initial phases of the response near the facility while many areas within five miles exceeded the Occupational Safety Health Agency (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for benzene exposures. Benzene remained the primary chemical hazard to response crews seeking to contain, remove, and reopen the waterways for more than two weeks past the initial chemical release events. An interagency agreement was developed between the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) to assist in response activities, which included containing, collecting, recovering and disposing of the released materials from the shoreline and the surface water. The National Strike Force (NSF) deployed 52 personnel from each of the three Strike Teams, Public Information Assist Team (PIAT) and CG-Incident Management and Assistance Team (CG-IMAT). Due to the elevated presence of benzene, the NSF was the only USCG trained, experienced and qualified organic response resource prepared to respond to environmental threats with elevated concentrations of products that represented an inhalation hazard requiring respiratory protection devices. This paper demonstrates the significance of NSF's respiratory protection program, and how their capabilities can be used for both technical operations support, and also for site safety management, especially during complex spills or releases.
Crude oil and particulate fluxes including marine oil snow sedimentation and flocculant accumulation: Deepwater Horizon oil spill study
Authors: Quigg Antonietta , Xu Chen , Chin Wei-Chun , Kamalanathan Manoj , Sylvan Jason , Finkel Zoe V. , Irwin Andrew J. , Ziervogel Kai , Wade Terry L. , Knap Tony , Hatcher Patrick G. , Santschi Peter 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The Deepwater Horizon oil spill is the largest in US history in terms of oil released and the amount of dispersants applied. It is also the first spill in which the incorporation of oil and/or dispersant into marine snow was directly observable. Marine snow formation, incorporation of oil (MOS – marine oil snow) and subsequent settling to the seafloor, has been termed MOSSFA: Marine Oil Snow Sedimentation and Flocculent Accumulation. This pathway accounts for a significant fraction of the total oil returning back to the sea floor. GOMRI funded studies have determined that important drivers of MOSSFA include, but are not limited to, an elevated and extended Mississippi River discharge, which enhanced phytoplankton production and suspended particle concentrations, zooplankton grazing, and enhanced mucus formation (operationally defined as EPS, TEP, marine snow). Efforts thus far to understand the mechanisms driving these processes are being used to aid in the development of response strategies. These include modeling efforts towards predicting plume dynamics. Although much has been learned during the GOMRI program (reviewed herein and elsewhere), there are still important unknowns that need to be addressed. Understanding of the conditions under which significant MOSSFA events occur, the consequences to the biology, the sinking velocity and distribution of the MOSSFA as well as its ultimate fate are amongst the most important consideration for future studies. Also important is the modification of the oil and dispersant within the MOS and its transport as part of MOSSFA. Ongoing studies are needed to further develop our understanding of these complex and interrelated phenomena.
Current and Proposed Efforts to Resolve HSPD-5 and NCP Authorities (NIC and PFO)
Authors: LaMorte LCDR John , Brooks LT Rebecca 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
During the evening of 20 April, 2010 U.S. Coast Guard District Eight Command Center watch standers received a report of an explosion aboard the Deepwater Horizon (DWH), an oil rig working on the Macondo oil well approximately 42 miles Southeast of Venice, LA (OSC Report, 2011). The explosion on board the DWH and resulting fires eventually destroyed the oil rig and caused it to sink into the Gulf of Mexico. Eleven crewmembers lost their lives in the tragic events that unfolded that night, and one of the nation's largest environmental disasters would soon follow. Estimates of the oil discharged from the Macondo oil well were between 12,000 and 25,000 barrels per day, and the response involved approximately 47,000 oil spill response personnel, 6,870 vessels, approximately 4.12 million feet of boom, and 17,500 National Guard personnel, five states (OSC Report, 2011). The massive oil spill lasted 87 days and estimates suggest that more than 200 million gallons of oil was discharged into the Gulf of Mexico, which stands as the largest oil spill event in U.S. history. From these massive response operations came important lessons learned for SONS event planning, preparedness, and response, as it became apparent during DWH response operations that oil spill response governance and doctrine was not well understood across the whole-of-government. This issue was well documented in the National Incident Commander's report and several recommendations were identified to address this issue. This paper will explore the steps taken within the U.S. Coast Guard's (USCG) SONS Exercise and Training Program to promote a better understanding of oil spill response governance and doctrine among Cabinet-level senior leadership and the interagency representatives that will ultimately be involved when the next SONS event happens.
Response Strategies for High VOCs
Authors: Walker Mike , Dulisse Carmine 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The objective of this paper is to discuss the adaptations to response strategies that must be considered in spill scenarios with persistent Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs). By comparing two scenarios, one where VOCs evaporated before presenting prolonged risk to responder safety and one where they did not, this paper will show how Marine Spill Response Corporation had to adjust traditional approaches to Personal Protective Equipment, shift length, and response resources to account for prolonged presence of VOCs. Further, this paper also seeks to describe additional techniques not used in these responses that could further increase responder safety in a persistent VOC condition. Each of these strategies has a set of unique challenges that must be addressed so they can become a viable tool in the response toolbox.
Characterization of the Microbial Community Structure and Function During the Natural Attenuation of Oil in Marine Environments Using In Situ Microcosms
Authors: Greer Charles W. , Fortin Nathalie , de Jourdan Benjamin , Boloori Tahereh , Tremblay Julien , Bakker Alexa , Wasserscheid Jessica , Cobanli Susan , Robinson Brian , King Tom , Whyte Lyle G. , Lee Kenneth 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
Climate change, the opening of the northwest passage, the production and transportation of oil reserves in addition to the large size and number of ocean-going vessels, are putting all Canada's oceans at an elevated risk for an oil spill. Responses to marine oil spills include physical (skimming and recovery), chemical (dispersants, herders) and biological processes (biodegradation). Natural attenuation, a weathering process that includes physical, chemical and biological action on spilled oil, is a potential remediation strategy that needs to be explored and exploited. In the Canadian context, we are using genomics approaches to better understand the natural populations of oil degrading microorganisms in our oceans, their diversity, spatial and temporal dynamics, and locations that may be more vulnerable to oil spills.
The purpose of this study was to perform an evaluation of the effectiveness of an in situ microcosm experimental system to study indigenous microbial communities that have oil degrading potential and to determine whether this experimental system could have an impact on acute toxicity to various marine organisms. In situ microcosms are slitted columns that contain support matrices such as clay beads or river rocks, with or without an oil coating. Columns can be incubated in different locations, at different depths and different time periods, during which microbial biofilm develops on the support materials. By using oil coated and uncoated matrices, comparative microbial community data that demonstrates the response of the microbial community to the presence of oil can be obtained. Long-term incubations (1 year) conducted at CFS-Alert showed that known oil-degrading bacteria (Colwellia, Oleibacter, Thalassolituus, Cycloclasticus, Oceanobacter and Alcanivorax) became dominant only on the oil coated matrices, confirming their presence in the local seawater.
Acute toxicity tests were performed in aquaria on a variety of test organisms to evaluate the possible effects of oil components leaching into the water from the in situ microcosms. Limited and transient toxicity to only two tested organisms (green sea urchin fertilization and green algal growth). Considering the analyses were conducted in a closed circulation system, it is highly likely that in an open ocean environment, toxicity would be negligible. Data from these studies will be valuable to support guidelines for the exploitation of natural attenuation as an alternative response measure (ARM) to address oil spills in Canadian waters.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices towards COVID-19 Pandemic among Residents of the Jharkhand State, India: An Online Survey
Authors: Rai Arpita , Nishant . , Kumar Anshul , Singh D. K. , Kulkarni Nitin Madan , Chaurasia Shailesh Kumar , Pathak L. R. 
Published: December 2021

Background: People's adherence to control measures is imperative in the fight against COVID-19. The present study was done to evaluate knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards COVID-19 among residents of Jharkhand and to assist the government in deciding further course of action during the COVID-19 outbreak.
Methods: This study was an online cross-sectional survey. The link to the questionnaire was displayed on the official website of Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, National Health Mission, Jharkhand, official website of all districts under Jharkhand state administration, Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme and Information & Public Relations department. Participation of residents in the survey was extensively propagated using mass media mainly local television networks, radio channels and newspapers.
Results: A total of 4683 responses were received from all districts of Jharkhand. The majority of the participants were young adults (47.5%) and the number of male participants was more than the females (81.4%). The mean correct knowledge score for participants of this study was 10.73+2.2 (maximum attainable score was 14) while the mean practice score for the participants was 4.5+0.69 (maximum attainable score was 5). The knowledge score of the participants was significantly associated with their age, education status and economic class (p<0.0001). The participants largely held an optimistic attitude and healthy practices towards COVID-19. Conclusion: Participants had a positive attitude but were also logically worried and uncertain about the near future. Adequate knowledge of participants was visible in their practices. There was however a gap across age groups, gender, literacy and income levels which should be addressed in future campaigns.
Adverse Effect of Social Media Addiction on Life Effectiveness of Adolescents: An Approach towards Mental Health and Mood Modifications
Authors: Rashi Ahuja , Rita Kumar , Poonam Phogat 
Published: December 2021

Objective: The prime intent of this study was to determine the adverse effect of social media addiction on adolescent’s life effectiveness, studying in grade 8th to 12th in Delhi NCR, India.
Materials and Methods: The psychometric properties of the Bergen social media Addiction Scale and Life Effectiveness Questionnaire by James Neill were evaluated, additionally examining the factor structure utilizing the Partial least squares-based Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) amongst n = 968 adolescents. The hypothesized inverse relationship between the two scales is tested using the person correlation examination.
Results: Adolescence’s life effectiveness, dimensions of time management, self-confidence, emotional control, and achievement motivation were significantly adversely (negatively) related to Facebook Addiction.
Implications: The over-use of social media will trigger failure in education and social relationships, health and well-being concerns, provoking life disruption. The reasonable usage of online media requires ethos, attention, and awareness on how to utilize them effectively. We can propel students by bringing issues to light.
Human Patellar Bone Dust has Osteogenic Potential: An in vitro Study
Authors: Roghay Mariam Adeel , Hassan Nuzhat , Usman Shumaila , Shah Syed Nudrat Nawaid , Borges Kevin Joseph Jerome , Haneef Kanwal 
Published: December 2021

Aims: To substantiate the osteogenic differentiation of human Umbilical cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hUMSCs) under the influence of Bone Dust (BD) by detecting expression of genes RUNX2 and IBSP in the differentiated cells.
Study Design: In vitro study.
Place and Duration of Study: MDRL Cell Culture Lab Ziauddin University and Dr.Zafar H.Zaidi Institute of Proteomics, University of Karachi, between July 2020 and July 2021.
Methodology: We designed an innovative experiment to differentiate hUMSCs into osteoblasts under the influence of BD, without using any conventional differentiating medium. The hUMSCs were isolated from umbilical cord and cultured in a 6-well plate with 3μm inserts, in which BD was lodged, preventing direct contact of BD with hUMSCs. The plates with hUMSCs and BD-filled inserts were incubated at 37°C for 14 days after which RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis and qPCR for two genes was performed. Expression of Runt-related transcription factor-2(RUNX2) and Integrin-binding Sialoprotein (IBSP) were quantified.
Results: Results revealed an increased expression of the late osteogenic marker IBSP(p=0.01) signifying that the hUMSCs had undergone differentiation into mature osteoblasts.
Conclusion: This novel experiment identifies BD as a new source for osteogenic differentiation of hUMSCs in in vitro experiments.
Transcriptomic Profiles in Nasal Epithelium and Asthma Endotypes in Youth
Authors: Yue Molin , Gaietto Kristina , Han Yueh Ying , Rosser Franziska J. , Xu Zhongli , Qoyawayma Christopher , Acosta-Perez Edna , Canino Glorisa , Forno Erick , Chen Wei , Celedón Juan C. 
Published: January 2025

ImportanceT helper 2 (T2) cells and T helper 17 (T17) cells are CD4+ T cell subtypes involved in asthma. Characterizing asthma endotypes based on these cell types in diverse groups is important for developing effective therapies for youths with asthma.ObjectiveTo identify asthma endotypes in school-aged youths aged 6 to 20 years by examining the distribution and characteristics of transcriptomic profiles in nasal epithelium.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsCross-sectional analysis of nasal epithelial samples from 3 studies of youths with asthma aged 6 to 20 years: Stress and Treatment Response in Puerto Rican and African American Children with Asthma (STAR; N = 156), Epigenetic Variation and Childhood Asthma in Puerto Ricans (EVA-PR; N = 237), and Vitamin D Kids Asthma (VDKA; N = 66).Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was nasal epithelial transcription profiles of 3 T2 and 5 T17 pathway genes. Clinical characteristics, total and allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE), blood eosinophils, and lung function were compared across profiles in all studies.ResultsMean ages for STAR, EVA-PR, and VDKA participants were 14.2, 15.4, and 10.3 years, respectively. The percentage of female participants ranged from 41% to 53.2% across studies. The predominant race or ethnicity was Puerto Rican in EVA-PR (100%) and Black or African American in STAR (71.8%) and VDKA (57.6%). Three transcriptomic profiles were identified: high T2 expression (T2HIGH), high T17 expression (T17HIGH), and low expression of both pathways (T2LOW/T17LOW). Across studies, T2HIGH was present in 23% to 29% of participants, T17HIGH in 35% to 47%, and T2LOW/T17LOW in 30% to 38%. In each study, median total IgE and blood eosinophils for the T2HIGH profile was higher than for the T2LOW profiles (IgE, 584-869 vs 105-382 IU/mL; eosinophils, 343-560 vs 164-413 cells/mL). Of the participants in all profiles, at least 50% had 1 or more positive allergen-specific IgEs. A differential expression meta-analysis identified 3516 and 2494 differentially expressed genes for the T2HIGH and T17HIGH profiles, respectively. The T17HIGH profile was associated with interleukin 17 and neutrophil signaling pathways and the T2HIGH profile was associated with interleukin 13 signaling pathways.Conclusions and RelevanceNasal transcriptomic profiles consistent with T2-high, T17-high, and T2-low/T17-low endotypes occurred in similar proportions across 3 studies of predominantly racially and ethnically minoritized youths with asthma. Most participants had T2-low asthma endotypes and sensitization to 1 or more allergens was common among these endotypes.
A Couple-Based Intervention for Chinese Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Yang Conghui , Zhi Jingyi , Xu Yingxin , Fan Xinyu , Wu Xueji , Xu Dong Roman , Liao Jing 
Published: January 2025

ImportanceSpousal involvement in diabetes care is recommended theoretically, but effectiveness in clinical settings and among diverse populations is unclear.ObjectiveTo test the effect of a couple-based intervention among Chinese older patients with type 2 diabetes and their spouses.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis multicenter randomized clinical trial comprised 2 arms: a couple-based intervention arm and an individual-based control. The trial was conducted across 14 community health care centers in Guangzhou, China, between September 1, 2020, and June 30, 2022, and included patients with confirmed type 2 diabetes aged 55 years or older. Eligible partners were married to or cohabitated with the patients. Patients who previously participated in type 2 diabetes education courses were excluded, as were couples who both had diabetes, to make a clear distinction between patients and spouses. The data were analyzed between January 2023 and April 2024.InterventionsThe interventions consisted of 4 weekly group education sessions followed by behavior change booster telephone calls over 2 months that targeted either patients and spouses (ie, intervention arm) or patients alone (ie, control arm). Follow-up assessments were conducted at 6 and 12 months post intervention.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels for patients and quality of life for their spouses. Collective efficacy and behaviors were secondary outcomes for both patients and spouses. Group comparisons were conducted using multilevel models based on an intention-to-treat approach, with outcome measures assessed for both patients and their spouses.ResultsA total of 207 couples were included in the study, with 106 randomized to the intervention arm and 101 to the control arm. The mean (SD) age of patients was 66.0 (6.5) years, with 105 (50.7%) being men; spouses had similar demographics. Patients’ HbA1c levels decreased in both arms over the 12-month follow-up, with no significant between-arm differences (β = −0.08; 95% CI, −0.57 to 0.42). Collective efficacy and collective behavior for patients increased after intervention but with a similar magnitude between arms. None of these measures showed between-arm differences among spouses in either arm. In subgroup analysis, decreases in HbA1c levels were constant and lasting in patients with high baseline HbA1c levels (≥8.0%) with a statistically significant difference.Conclusions and RelevanceThese findings show that the overall treatment effect of the couple-based intervention was weak. However, the couple-based intervention benefited patients with poor glucose control. Patients’ glucose levels, spouses’ availability to provide support, and couples’ collaborative preferences for mutual or individual diabetes management should be considered in tailoring treatment strategies among older adults with type 2 diabetes.Trial RegistrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry Identifier: ChiCTR1900027137