bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prescribing originality: investigating the impact of original knowledge on patent quality in the pharmaceutical sector
Authors: Briggs Kristie 
Published: February 2021

PurposeThis paper examines the relationship between the originality of a pharmaceutical innovation and its patent quality. Greater patent quality has been shown in the extant literature to enhance market value, which better enables firms to recoup research and development (R&D) expenditures incurred during the innovation process. Understanding how originality improves patent quality can assist policymakers, when determining the optimal length of pharmaceutical patent protection and/or market exclusivity.Design/methodology/approachThe relationship between originality and patent quality is empirically investigated using a tobit, as well as a zero-inflated negative binomial, estimation approach to account for prevalence of patents receiving zero forward citations. Moderating effects of joint innovation, innovation by a university researcher and innovation by an established innovator on originality are also considered.FindingsThere is a robust and positive relationship between patent originality and quality in the pharmaceutical sector. This relationship is positively moderated by joint patent ownership with a university. As such, innovators that target originality in new drug development (especially those collaborating with universities) should, according to extant literature, see greater increases in their market value.Originality/valuePolicymakers can use information on the originality of a new drug to discern the optimal length of market exclusivity needed to enable the innovator to recoup expenditures related to R&D. Better predictions of the timing for which firms can recoup R&D expenditures will equip policymakers with knowledge about the appropriate timing to introduce competition into the market, which is critical to reducing the price of pharmaceuticals to consumers.
Impact of family succession on financial performance: empirical evidence from Bangladesh
Authors: Sunon Kamrul Hassan , Islam Muzhtaba Tawkeer , Kabir M. Adnan 
Published: February 2021

PurposeAcademic research on the transgenerational performance differences among family firms in Bangladesh is still in its infancy. This paper delves into this issue to answer whether the financial performance of family firms run by second-generation family members is different from their predecessors and nonfamily firms.Design/methodology/approachThe study employs panel data analysis that attempts to conceptualize the performance difference, quantified in terms of profitability and return, between founder- and second-generation-run public companies in Bangladesh. Moreover, cross-sectional regressions extend the research paradigm to investigate and validate whether heir-controlled family firms perform differently than nonfamily firms or firms that are yet to experience ownership succession within a family.FindingsThe study indicates that family firms perform better when founding family members are in control compared to second-generation-run family firms. Moreover, further analysis suggests that heir-controlled family firms do not show a significant difference in performance compared to firms that never had a family succession in its managerial positions. The implications are that there could be nonfinancial family-centric motivations for family business ownership transition.Practical implicationsFamily succession of firm ownership is venerated without necessarily a validation of its financial merit. In Bangladesh, this is too often ade factotransfer of leadership within family firms. This study can act as a reference point to understand that family succession of firm ownership in Bangladesh may not necessarily be in the best financial interest of a firm.Originality/valueThe literature on family firms propounds a plethora of vacillating conclusions and opinions. This paper adds this body of empirical literature into an exercise of formal logic. Such an empirical investigation into the financial performance of Bangladeshi family firms, visualized through the lens of leadership transfer to a second-generation family member, has not been extensively studied in contemporary literature.
Enhancing training effectiveness for organizations through blockchain-enabled training effectiveness measurement (BETEM)
Authors: Jain Geetika , Sharma Naman , Shrivastava Archana 
Published: February 2021

PurposeDue to technology advancement or transparency in system, there is a constant inflow and outflow of technology in the business for transparency and efficiency. To seize a competitive advantage, companies have emerged new technological solutions to respond to the change in the organization environment. There is a surge in the requirement of learning opportunities and effective training programs in the organization. The current study has been an effort to understand the potential of blockchain technology that can create better training evaluation.Design/methodology/approachThe electronic-Delphi (e-Delphi) method has been conducted by recording the final consensus and to find a balance for implementation of blockchain technology and measuring training effectiveness. The current research is one of its new types where blockchain-enabled training effectiveness measurement (BETEM) model has been formulated using a qualitative approach.FindingsThe study has considered human resource (HR) professionals as the experts and based on their responses, the formulation of theoretical network model has been structured using e-Delphi–BETEM (e-DLH–BETEM) approach. By critically examining the experts’ responses and comments, the study formulated the four major themes and 11 subthemes for the smooth functioning of the BETEM for an organization.Research limitations/implicationsThe research aims to aid innovations in BETEMs model for training evaluation. The model will contribute incrementally toward the complete transformation of the training development programs of employees. The goal of BETEMs is to ensure that organizations, specifically HR personals can prepare themselves to have competitive advantage by using blockchain technology.Originality/valueThe application of blockchain technology in measuring the training effectiveness is an addition to existing literature as majority of existing studies have studied the use of technology for measuring training effectiveness.
Towards a circumplex typology of customer service experience management practices: a dyadic perspective
Authors: Sahhar Yasin , Loohuis Raymond , Henseler Jörg 
Published: February 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to identify the practices used by service providers to manage the customer service experience (CSE) across multiple phases of the customer journey in a business-to-business (B2B) setting.Design/methodology/approachThis study comprises an ethnography that investigates in real time, from a dyadic perspective, and the CSE management practices at two service providers operating in knowledge-intensive service industries over a period of eight months. Analytically, the study concentrates on critical events that occurred in phases of the customer journey that in some way alter CSE, thus making it necessary for service providers to act to keep their customers satisfied.FindingsThe study uncovers four types of service provider practices that vary based on the mode of organization (ad hoc or regular) and the mode of engagement (reactive or proactive) and based on whether they restore or bolster CSE, including the recurrence of these practices in the customer journey. These practices are conveniently presented in a circumplex typology of CSE management across five phases in the customer journey.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper advances the research in CSE management throughout the customer journey in the B2B context by showing that CSE management is dynamic, recurrent and multifaceted in the sense that it requires different modes of organization and engagement, notably during interaction with customers, in different phases of the customer journey.Practical implicationsThe circumplex typology acts as a tool for service providers, helping them to redesign their CSE management practices in ongoing service and dialogical processes to keep their customers more engaged and satisfied.Originality/valueThis paper is the first to infuse a dyadic stance into the ongoing discussion of CSE management practices in B2B, in which studies to date have deployed only provider or customer perspectives. In proposing a microlevel view, the study identifies service providers' CSE management practices in multiple customer journey phases, especially when the situation becomes critical.
Addressing the silver tsunami in the accounting industry
Authors: Dorr Brian M. , Feuerhelm Shannon L. 
Published: February 2021

PurposeAs Baby Boomers continue to retire, organizations should have plans in place that successfully execute this transition. Some industries, such as accounting, are unique in that there is specialized knowledge required by employees, including education and work experience. This study examines what accounting organizations are doing to manage this transition. The research question posed is as follows: How are organizations in the accounting industry addressing anticipated retirements?.Design/methodology/approachThis is a qualitative study that is interpretive. In order to answer the research question, six managers who are involved in the hiring process at accounting organizations of varying sizes were interviewed. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and coded using the software program, Dedoose, in order to develop themes that addressed the research question.FindingsBy conducting semi-structured interviews that focused on efforts related to this issue, it was found that accounting organizations are focusing on three aspects related to the research question: Accounting firms are focusing on (1) culture, (2) knowledge and (3) transition as they lead their organizations through this time.Practical implicationsThis research project provides insight into how some accounting organizations are managing issues related to increasing retirements. By knowing how other organizations are handling these issues, accounting organizations can use this knowledge to prepare, themselves, for anticipated retirements. This knowledge is also valuable in other fields that provide professional services (e.g., medical and legal).Originality/valueThis topic has not been fully explored in the accounting industry. The findings of this study are useful to accounting firms, world-wide, as well as to organizations in other professional services fields, world-wide. This research could be further explored in other professional services organizations, such as the health and legal fields.
The impact of internal and external reinsurance on insurers' performance and price
Authors: Park Jin , Choi Byeongyong Paul , Ho Chia-Ling 
Published: February 2021

PurposeThis study is designed to investigate how the use of reinsurance affects the primary insurers' profitability and pricing on their insurance products.Design/methodology/approachThis study examines the impact of reinsurance on the insurers’ profitability using a two stage least square to control the endogeneity problem with a reinsurance variable. The study analyzes 11,894 firm-year observations between 2001 and 2009.FindingsThe study finds that the use of reinsurance in general has a negative impact on property/casualty insurers' performance. However, reinsurance obtained from affiliated firms has a positive impact on profitability, which supports the existence of internal capital markets in the insurance industry.Research limitations/implicationsThe finding of study implies that reinsurance transactions are used among affiliated insurers for not only managing underwriting risk and increasing underwriting capacity but also subsidizing capital through internal capital markets. In term of limitation, due to the availability of price data, this study uses only one insurance cycle of 9 years, albeit not weakening the findings.Practical implicationsEspecially for non-affiliated insurers, the finding suggests that they need to find an alternative way to transfer underwriting risk without having to use costly reinsurance.Originality/valueThis paper directly investigates the impact of reinsurance utilization on insurers' profitability and pricing.
A numerical investigation on the impacts of voids combinations on natural ventilation of high-rise residential building
Authors: Laloui Hamza , Abdul Majid Noor Hanita , Sanusi Aliyah Nur Zafirah 
Published: February 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the impacts of introducing voids combinations on natural ventilation performance in high-rise residential building living unit.

Design/methodology/approach
This study was carried out through field measurement and computational fluid dynamics methods. The parameters of the study are void types and sizes, and a wind angle was used to formulate case studies.

Findings
The results indicate that the provision of a single-sided horizontal void larger by 50% increase the indoor air velocity performance up to 322.37% to 0.471 m/s in the living unit and achieves the required velocity for thermal comfort.

Originality/value
Passive design features are the most desirable techniques to enhance natural ventilation performance in the high-rise residential apartments for thermal comfort and indoor air quality purposes.
Artificial intelligence-based automatic visual inspection system for built heritage
Authors: Mansuri Lukman E. , Patel D.A. 
Published: February 2021

PurposeHeritage is the latent part of a sustainable built environment. Conservation and preservation of heritage is one of the United Nations' (UN) sustainable development goals. Many social and natural factors seriously threaten heritage structures by deteriorating and damaging the original. Therefore, regular visual inspection of heritage structures is necessary for their conservation and preservation. Conventional inspection practice relies on manual inspection, which takes more time and human resources. The inspection system seeks an innovative approach that should be cheaper, faster, safer and less prone to human error than manual inspection. Therefore, this study aims to develop an automatic system of visual inspection for the built heritage.Design/methodology/approachThe artificial intelligence-based automatic defect detection system is developed using the faster R-CNN (faster region-based convolutional neural network) model of object detection to build an automatic visual inspection system. From the English and Dutch cemeteries of Surat (India), images of heritage structures were captured by digital camera to prepare the image data set. This image data set was used for training, validation and testing to develop the automatic defect detection model. While validating this model, its optimum detection accuracy is recorded as 91.58% to detect three types of defects: “spalling,” “exposed bricks” and “cracks.”FindingsThis study develops the model of automatic web-based visual inspection systems for the heritage structures using the faster R-CNN. Then it demonstrates detection of defects of spalling, exposed bricks and cracks existing in the heritage structures. Comparison of conventional (manual) and developed automatic inspection systems reveals that the developed automatic system requires less time and staff. Therefore, the routine inspection can be faster, cheaper, safer and more accurate than the conventional inspection method.Practical implicationsThe study presented here can improve inspecting the built heritages by reducing inspection time and cost, eliminating chances of human errors and accidents and having accurate and consistent information. This study attempts to ensure the sustainability of the built heritage.Originality/valueFor ensuring the sustainability of built heritage, this study presents the artificial intelligence-based methodology for the development of an automatic visual inspection system. The automatic web-based visual inspection system for the built heritage has not been reported in previous studies so far.
Radical futures? Exploring the policy relevance of social innovation
Authors: De Pieri Benedetta , Teasdale Simon 
Published: February 2021

PurposeThis paper aims to unpack the sets of policy ideas underpinning the use of social innovation, thus permeating the allegedly politically neutral language of the concept.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on Daigneualt (2014), this paper adapts a four-dimensional approach to investigate the sets of ideas underpinning different conceptualisations of social innovation, particularly in relation to who the actors driving social change are, the nature of the problems addressed, the objectives pursued and the means used to achieve these objectives.FindingsApplying the four-dimensional approach to a corpus of literature, this paper found evidence of two different perspectives along each dimension, namely, a radical empowerment approach and an incremental market-oriented one.Research limitations/implicationsA limitation of the study is the focus on academic literature, whereas a broader focus on policy discourse may give further insights. However, this paper argues that this study can be the ground for future research to investigate whether and how the two approaches identified have been adopted in different institutional and policy contexts.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to the development of social innovation research by boosting and encouraging further investigation on how different sets of ideas underpin social innovation discourse and its use as a policy concept.
Error analysis and optimal design of reduction relay lens for field of view stitching applications
Authors: Zhang Xinjie , Kong Fansen , Gu Zhiyuan , Shen Xiao 
Published: February 2021

Purpose
FOV splicing optical remote sensing instruments have a strict requirement for the focal length consistency of the lens. In conventional optical-mechanical structure design, each optical element is equally distributed with high accuracy and everyone must have a high machining and assembly accuracy. For optical remote sensors with a large number of optical elements, this design brings great difficulties to lens manufacture and alignment.

Design/methodology/approach
Taking the relay lens in an optical remote sensing instrument with the field of view splicing as an example, errors of the system are redistributed to optical elements. Two optical elements, which have the greatest influence on modulation transfer function (MTF) of the system are mounted with high accuracy centering and the other elements are fixed by gland ring with common machining accuracy. The reduction ratio consistency difference among lenses is compensated by adjusting the optical spacing between the two elements.

Findings
Based on optical system simulation analysis, the optimized structure can compensate for the difference of reduction ratio among lens by grinding the washer thickness in the range of ±0.37 mm. The test data for the image quality of the lens show that the MTF value declined 0.043 within ±0.4 mm of space change between two barrels. The results indicate that the reduction ratio can be corrected by adjusting the washer thickness and the image quality will not obviously decline.

Originality/value
This paper confirms that this work is original and has not been published elsewhere nor is it currently under consideration for publication elsewhere. In this paper, the optimum structural design of the reduction relay lens for the field of view stitching applications is reported. The method of adjusting washer thickness is applied to compensate for the reduction ratio consistency difference of lenses. The optimized structure also greatly reduces the difficulty of lenses manufacture, alignment and improves the efficiency of assembly.
Suppression of motion noise based on a linear‐homomorphic filtering algorithm in airborne electromagnetic survey
Authors: Zhu Kaiguang , Peng Cong , Jing Chunyang , Fan Tianjiao , Yang Yang 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTThe movement of the receiver coil in a magnetic field produces motion noise in the airborne electromagnetic field. With an amplitude that is several orders of magnitude higher than that of other noise sources, this motion noise is one of the main low‐frequency (<1 kHz) noise sources. Especially in the late decay period, the residual motion noise produces false anomalous information, which is a key problem of low‐base‐frequency airborne electromagnetic surveys. In this paper, a method for calculating the motion noise is proposed. This method takes into account both the earth's magnetic field and the active secondary magnetic field and introduces additive and multiplicative motion noise. Then, a linear‐homomorphic filtering algorithm is proposed to handle the additive and multiplicative motion noises. In the linear filtering part of our algorithm, the minimum noise fraction transform is applied to suppress additive motion noise. It provides sets of components ordered by the signal‐to‐noise ratio by deriving the eigenvalues and eigenvectors for the signal and uncorrelated noise covariance matrices. In the homomorphic filtering part, the multiplicative motion noise is removed. To do this, the adaptive‐width smoothing algorithm is applied to the logarithm of the filtered with the linear filtering process profile data. The results of synthetic and field data demonstrate that the linear filtering process based on the minimum noise fraction transform is effective for very low signal‐to‐noise ratios of the late‐time data, and the homomorphic filtering process can help distinguish small anomalies of these channels.
User‐friendly bioinformatics pipeline gDAT (graphical downstream analysis tool) for analysing rDNA sequences
Authors: Vasar Martti , Davison John , Neuenkamp Lena , Sepp Siim‐Kaarel , Young J. Peter W. , Moora Mari , Öpik Maarja 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHigh‐throughput sequencing (HTS) of multiple organisms in parallel (metabarcoding) has become a routine and cost‐effective method for the analysis of microbial communities in environmental samples. However, careful data treatment is required to identify potential errors in HTS data, and the large volume of data generated by HTS requires in‐house experience with command line tools for downstream analysis. This paper introduces a pipeline that incorporates the most common command line tools into an easy‐to‐use graphical interface—gDAT. By using the Python scripting language, the pipeline is compatible with the latest Windows, macOS and Linux operating systems. The pipeline supports analysis of Sanger, 454, IonTorrent, Illumina and PacBio sequences, allows custom modification of quality filtering steps, and implements both open and closed‐reference operational taxonomic unit‐picking for sequence identification. Predefined parameters are optimized for analysis of small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene amplicons from arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, but the pipeline is widely applicable to metabarcoding studies targeting a broad range of organisms. The pipeline was additionally tested with data using general eukaryotic primers from the SSU gene region and fungal primers from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) marker region. We describe the pipeline design and evaluate its performance and speed by conducting analysis of example data sets using different marker regions sequenced on Illumina platforms. The graphical interface, with the option to use the command line if needed, provides an accessible tool for rapid data analysis with repeatability and logging capabilities. Keeping the software open‐source maximizes code accessibility, allowing scrutiny and bug fixes by the community.