bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with lifetime suicide attempts in bipolar disorder: results from an Italian nationwide study
Authors: Buoli Massimiliano , Cesana Bruno Mario , Bolognesi Simone , Fagiolini Andrea , Albert Umberto , Di Salvo Gabriele , Maina Giuseppe , de Bartolomeis Andrea , Pompili Maurizio , Palumbo Claudia , Bondi Emi , Steardo Luca , De Fazio Pasquale , Amore Mario , Altamura Mario , Bellomo Antonello , Bertolino Alessandro , Di Nicola Marco , Di Sciascio Guido , Fiorillo Andrea , Sacchetti Emilio , Sani Gabriele , Siracusano Alberto , Di Lorenzo Giorgio , Tortorella Alfonso , Altamura A. Carlo , Dell’Osso Bernardo ,   the ISBD Italian Chapter Epidemiologic Group
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to detect demographic and clinical factors associated with lifetime suicide attempts in Bipolar Disorder (BD). A total of 1673 bipolar patients from different psychiatric departments were compared according to the lifetime presence of suicide attempts on demographic/clinical variables. Owing to the large number of variables statistically related to the dependent variable (presence of suicide attempts) at the univariate analyses, preliminary multiple logistic regression analyses were realized. A final multivariable logistic regression was then performed, considering the presence of lifetime suicide attempts as the dependent variable and statistically significant demographic/clinical characteristics as independent variables. The final multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that an earlier age at first contact with psychiatric services (odds ratio [OR] = 0.97, p < 0.01), the presence of psychotic symptoms (OR = 1.56, p < 0.01) or hospitalizations (OR = 1.73, p < 0.01) in the last year, the attribution of symptoms to a psychiatric disorder (no versus yes: OR = 0.71, partly versus yes OR = 0.60, p < 0.01), and the administration of psychoeducation in the last year (OR = 1.49, p < 0.01) were all factors associated with lifetime suicide attempts in patients affected by BD. In addition, female patients resulted to have an increased association with life-long suicidal behavior compared to males (OR: 1.02, p < 0.01). Several clinical factors showed complex associations with lifetime suicide attempts in bipolar patients. These patients, therefore, require strict clinical monitoring for their predisposition to a less symptom stabilization. Future research will have to investigate the best management strategies to improve the prognosis of bipolar subjects presenting suicidal behavior.
The association of elevated blood pressure during ischaemic exercise with sport performance in Master athletes with and without morbidity
Authors: Zambolin Fabio , McPhee Jamie S. , Duro-Ocana Pablo , Ganse Bergita , Bagley Liam , Faisal Azmy 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
An exaggerated exercise blood pressure (BP) is associated with a reduced exercise capacity. However, its connection to physical performance during competition is unknown.

Aim
To examine BP responses to ischaemic handgrip exercise in Master athletes (MA) with and without underlying morbidities and to assess their association with athletic performance during the World Master Track Cycling Championships 2019.

Methods
Forty-eight Master cyclists [age 59 ± 13yrs; weekly training volume 10.4 ± 4.1 h/week; handgrip maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) 46.3 ± 11.5 kg] divided into 2 matched groups (24 healthy MA and 24 MA with morbidity) and 10 healthy middle-aged non-athlete controls (age 48.3 ± 8.3 years; MVC 40.4 ± 14.8 kg) performed 5 min of forearm occlusion including 1 min handgrip isometric contraction (40%MVC) followed by 5 min recovery. Continuous beat-by-beat BP was recorded using finger plethysmography. Age-graded performance (AGP) was calculated to compare race performances among MA. Healthy Master cyclists were further grouped into middle-age (age 46.2 ± 6.4 years; N:12) and old-age (age 65.0 ± 7.7 years; N:12) for comparison with middle-aged non-athlete controls.

Results
Healthy and morbidity MA groups showed similar BP responses during forearm occlusion and AGP (90.1 ± 4.3% and 91.0 ± 5.3%, p > 0.05, respectively). Healthy and morbidity MA showed modest correlation between the BP rising slope for 40%MVC ischaemic exercise and AGP (r = 0.5, p < 0.05). MA showed accelerated SBP recovery after cessation of ischaemic handgrip exercise compared to healthy non-athlete controls.

Conclusion
Our findings associate long-term athletic training with improved BP recovery following ischaemic exercise regardless of age or reported morbidity. Exaggerated BP in Master cyclists during ischaemic exercise was associated with lower AGP during the World Master Cycling Championships.
Mapping input noise to escape noise in integrate-and-fire neurons: a level-crossing approach
Authors: Schwalger Tilo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNoise in spiking neurons is commonly modeled by a noisy input current or by generating output spikes stochastically with a voltage-dependent hazard rate (“escape noise”). While input noise lends itself to modeling biophysical noise processes, the phenomenological escape noise is mathematically more tractable. Using the level-crossing theory for differentiable Gaussian processes, we derive an approximate mapping between colored input noise and escape noise in leaky integrate-and-fire neurons. This mapping requires the first-passage-time (FPT) density of an overdamped Brownian particle driven by colored noise with respect to an arbitrarily moving boundary. Starting from the Wiener–Rice series for the FPT density, we apply the second-order decoupling approximation of Stratonovich to the case of moving boundaries and derive a simplified hazard-rate representation that is local in time and numerically efficient. This simplification requires the calculation of the non-stationary auto-correlation function of the level-crossing process: For exponentially correlated input noise (Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process), we obtain an exact formula for the zero-lag auto-correlation as a function of noise parameters, mean membrane potential and its speed, as well as an exponential approximation of the full auto-correlation function. The theory well predicts the FPT and interspike interval densities as well as the population activities obtained from simulations with colored input noise and time-dependent stimulus or boundary. The agreement with simulations is strongly enhanced across the sub- and suprathreshold firing regime compared to a first-order decoupling approximation that neglects correlations between level crossings. The second-order approximation also improves upon a previously proposed theory in the subthreshold regime. Depending on a simplicity-accuracy trade-off, all considered approximations represent useful mappings from colored input noise to escape noise, enabling progress in the theory of neuronal population dynamics.
Distribution of electric field in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder treated with deep brain stimulation of the bed nucleus of stria terminalis
Authors: Naesström Matilda , Johansson Johannes , Hariz Marwan , Bodlund Owe , Wårdell Karin , Blomstedt Patric 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundDeep brain stimulation (DBS) is being investigated as a treatment for therapy-refractory obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). Many different brain targets are being trialled. Several of these targets such as the ventral striatum (including the nucleus accumbens (NAc)), the ventral capsule, the inferior thalamic peduncle, and the bed nucleus of stria terminalis (BNST)) belong to the same network, are anatomically very close to one another, or even overlap. Data is still missing on how various stimulation parameters in a given target will affect surrounding anatomical areas and impact the clinical outcome of DBS.MethodsIn a pilot study of eleven participants with DBS of the BNST, we investigate through patient-specific simulation of electric field, which anatomical areas are affected by the electric field, and if this can be related to the clinical results. Our study combined individual patient’s stimulation parameters at 12- and 24-month follow-up with image data from the preoperative MRI and postoperative CT. These data were used to calculate the distribution of electric field and create individual anatomical models of the field of stimulation.ResultsThe individual electric stimulation fields by stimulation in the BNST were similar at both the 12- and 24-month follow-up, involving mainly anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC), genu of the internal capsule (IC), BNST, fornix, anteromedial globus pallidus externa (GPe), and the anterior commissure. A statistical significant correlation (p < 0.05) between clinical effect measured by the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale and stimulation was found at the 12-month follow-up in the ventral ALIC and anteromedial GPe.ConclusionsMany of the targets under investigation for OCD are in anatomical proximity. As seen in our study, off-target effects are overlapping. Therefore, DBS in the region of ALIC, NAc, and BNST may perhaps be considered to be stimulation of the same target.
In-hospital postoperative opioid use and its trends in neurosurgery between 2007 and 2018
Authors: Rautalin Ilari , Kallio Miia , Korja Miikka 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Postoperative opioid use plays an important role in the global opioid crisis, but little is known about in-hospital opioid use trends of large surgical units. We investigated whether postoperative in-hospital opioid consumption changed in a large academic neurosurgical unit between 2007 and 2018.

Methods
We extracted the data of consumed opioids in the neurosurgical intensive care unit and two bed wards between 2007 and 2018. Besides overall consumption, we analyzed the trends for weak (tramadol and codeine), strong, and the most commonly used opioids. The use of various opioids was standardized using the defined daily doses (DDDs) of each opioid agent. A linear regression analysis was performed to estimate annual treatment day-adjusted changes with 95% confidence intervals.

Results
Overall, 121 361 opioid DDDs were consumed during the 196 199 treatment days. Oxycodone was the most commonly used postoperative opioid (49% of all used opioids) in neurosurgery. In the bed wards, the use of oral oxycodone increased 375% (on average 13% (9–17%) per year), and the use of transdermal buprenorphine 930% (on average 26% (9–45%) per year) over the 12-year period. Despite the increased use of strong opioids in the bed wards (on average 3% (1–4%) per year), overall opioid use decreased 39% (on average 6% (4–7%) per year) between 2007 and 2018.

Conclusions
Due to the increase of strong opioid use in the surgical bed wards, we encourage other large teaching hospitals and surgical units to investigate whether their opioid use trends are similarly worrisome and whether the opioid consumption changes in the hospital setting are transferred to opioid use patterns or opioid-related harms after discharge.
Activation of whole body by high levels of polyamine intake in rats
Authors: Teratani Takumi , Kasahara Naoya , Ijichi Tetsuo , Fujimoto Yasuhiro , Sakuma Yasunaru , Sata Naohiro , Kitayama Joji 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPolyamines are important to the survival and activation of organs and tissues via a homeostatic cell-metabolic process, and the polyamine content in cytoplasm decreases with aging. Decreases in cellular polyamine have been known to augment mutagenesis and cell death. Thus, supplementary polyamine in food is important to the prevention of aging. Here we show the anti-aging effects of oral intake of polyamine using luciferase-transgenic rats. Healthy rats, 10–12 weeks old, were given foods containing 0.01% and 0.1% (w/w) of polyamine, as compared a control food without polyamine, for 4 weeks. Using a bioimaging system, the photon intensities seen in the whole bodies and livers of rats consuming 0.1% of polyamine in food were stronger than those in rats consuming 0.01% and 0% of polyamine. However, there were no differences between groups in other characteristics, such as liver damage and body weight. In conclusion, we found that polyamine intake can activate cells throughout the whole body, providing an anti-aging effect.
Feature definition and comprehensive analysis on the robust identification of intraretinal cystoid regions using optical coherence tomography images
Authors: de Moura Joaquim , Vidal Plácido L. , Novo Jorge , Rouco José , Penedo Manuel G. , Ortega Marcos 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCurrently, optical coherence tomography is one of the most used medical imaging modalities, offering cross-sectional representations of the studied tissues. This image modality is specially relevant for the analysis of the retina, since it is the internal part of the human body that allows an almost direct examination without invasive techniques. One of the most representative cases of use of this medical imaging modality is for the identification and characterization of intraretinal fluid accumulations, critical for the diagnosis of one of the main causes of blindness in developed countries: the Diabetic Macular Edema. The study of these fluid accumulations is particularly interesting, both from the point of view of pattern recognition and from the different branches of health sciences. As these fluid accumulations are intermingled with retinal tissues, they present numerous variants according to their severity, and change their appearance depending on the configuration of the device; they are a perfect subject for an in-depth research, as they are considered to be a problem without a strict solution. In this work, we propose a comprehensive and detailed analysis of the patterns that characterize them. We employed a pool of 11 different texture and intensity feature families (giving a total of 510 markers) which we have analyzed using three different feature selection strategies and seven complementary classification algorithms. By doing so, we have been able to narrow down and explain the factors affecting this kind of accumulations and tissue lesions by means of machine learning techniques with a pipeline specially designed for this purpose.
Functional capacity vs side effects: treatment attributes to consider when individualising treatment for patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Bywall Karin Schölin , Esbensen Bente Appel , Lason Marta , Heidenvall Marie , Erlandsson Inger , Johansson Jennifer Viberg 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Individualisation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment needs to take account of individual patients’ preferences to increase patient-centeredness in treatment decisions. The aim of this study was to identify patient-relevant treatment attributes to consider when individualising treatment for patients with RA.

Method
Patients with RA in Sweden were invited to rank the most important treatment attributes in an online survey (April to May 2020). Semi-structured interviews were conducted (October to November 2020) to further identify and frame potential attributes for shared decision-making. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and analysed using thematic framework analysis. Patient research partners and rheumatologists supported the selection and framing of the treatment attributes across the assessment.

Results
The highest ranked attributes (N = 184) were improved functional capacity, reduced inflammation, reduced pain and fatigue and the risk of getting a severe side effect. The framework analysis revealed two overarching themes for further exploration: treatment goals and side effects. ‘Treatment goals’ emerged from functional capacity, revealing two dimensions: physical functional capacity and psychosocial functional capacity. ‘Side effects’ revealed that mild and severe side effects were the most important to discuss in shared decision-making.

Conclusions
Functional capacity (physical and psychosocial) and potential side effects (mild and severe) are important treatment attributes to consider when individualising RA treatment. Future research should assess how patients with RA weigh benefits and risks against each other, in order to increase patient-centeredness early on the treatment trajectory.

Key Points• It is essential for the individualisation of treatment to identify what attributes patients with RA are willing to trade off in order to increase patient-centeredness in precision care.• Individualisation of rheumatoid arthritis treatment needs to account for patients’ preferences on functional capacity and side effects.• Future research is needed to assess how patients with rheumatoid arthritis weigh functional capacity against side effects, in order to increase patient-centeredness in treatment decisions.
Die Testung von Äpfeln auf ihre Allergenität
Authors: Becker Soraya , Becker Sylvia , Chebib Soraya , Schwab Wilfried , Dierend Werner , Zuberbier Torsten , Bergmann Karl-Christian 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungÄpfel besitzen mehrere Allergene, die beim Essen innerhalb von 5–10 min zu Symptomen im Mundbereich führen – und deshalb von Apfelallergikern nicht gegessen werden können. In Deutschland haben rund 7,5 Mio. Menschen spezifische Antikörper gegen das Hauptallergen (Mal d 1) in Äpfeln entwickelt und sind damit sensibilisiert. Mindestens 3,5 Mio. von ihnen entwickeln die teilweise erheblichen allergischen Symptome als Ausdruck eines Oralen Allergie-Syndroms. Es gibt bisher keine medikamentöse Therapie gegen diese Allergie.Apfelallergiker können daher nur auf Äpfel ganz verzichten, oder vorher erhitzte Äpfel essen oder Sorten suchen, die wenig Allergene enthalten und deshalb als allergikerfreundliche Apfelsorten bezeichnet werden können.Alleinige Bestimmungen von Allergenen im Labor können nicht voraussagen, ob ein Apfel ohne allergische Symptome von Apfelallergikern gegessen werden kann; dazu bedarf es klinischer Prüfungen.Wir beschreiben eine standardisierte klinische, orale Provokationstestung, die zur Charakterisierung eines allergenarmen, allergikerfreundlichen Apfels bzw. Apfelsorte benutzt werden kann.. Die Ergebnisse solcher mindestens dreijährigen Tests können zur Verleihung des ECARF-Siegels für allergikerfreundliche Produkte genutzt werden
Making Every Contact Count and Healthy Conversation Skills as very brief or brief behaviour change interventions: a scoping review
Authors: Parchment Amelia , Lawrence Wendy , Perry Rachel , Rahman Em , Townsend Nick , Wainwright Elaine , Wainwright David 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimTo identify and map the available evidence regarding the implementation of Making Every Contact Count and/or Healthy Conversation Skills for both staff delivering and service users receiving the brief or very brief intervention/s.MethodsA scoping review approach was used to rapidly map and provide an overview of the relevant literature, identify gaps in knowledge, and inform further, related research. Articles investigating experiences, perceptions and impact of Making Every Contact Count and/or Healthy Conversation Skills were included. Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods studies were eligible for inclusion, as were reviews and reports.ResultsTwenty-two articles were included in total. Healthy Conversation Skills training was found to be acceptable, and had a positive impact on staff confidence and competence in supporting behaviour change, across studies. Some positive effects of intervention exposure on the sedentary behaviour and dietary quality of service users were evidenced. Changes in confidence following Making Every Contact Count training were varied, as was perceived acceptability of the intervention for staff. Two studies highlighted positive impacts of the intervention on service user health; however, statistical significance was not reported. The perceived barriers and facilitators of implementation for both interventions mapped mostly to ‘Environmental Context and Resources’ on the Theoretical Domains Framework.ConclusionHealthy Conversation Skills is an acceptable and effective behaviour change intervention that could provide a consistent approach to Making Every Contact Count training and evaluation. Further research is warranted to evaluate this approach for more staff and service user groups.
Individuals Treated for Gender Dysphoria with Medical and/or Surgical Transition Who Subsequently Detransitioned: A Survey of 100 Detransitioners
Authors: Littman Lisa 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe study’s purpose was to describe a population of individuals who experienced gender dysphoria, chose to undergo medical and/or surgical transition and then detransitioned by discontinuing medications, having surgery to reverse the effects of transition, or both. Recruitment information with a link to an anonymous survey was shared on social media, professional listservs, and via snowball sampling. Sixty-nine percent of the 100 participants were natal female and 31.0% were natal male. Reasons for detransitioning were varied and included: experiencing discrimination (23.0%); becoming more comfortable identifying as their natal sex (60.0%); having concerns about potential medical complications from transitioning (49.0%); and coming to the view that their gender dysphoria was caused by something specific such as trauma, abuse, or a mental health condition (38.0%). Homophobia or difficulty accepting themselves as lesbian, gay, or bisexual was expressed by 23.0% as a reason for transition and subsequent detransition. The majority (55.0%) felt that they did not receive an adequate evaluation from a doctor or mental health professional before starting transition and only 24.0% of respondents informed their clinicians that they had detransitioned. There are many different reasons and experiences leading to detransition. More research is needed to understand this population, determine the prevalence of detransition as an outcome of transition, meet the medical and psychological needs of this population, and better inform the process of evaluation and counseling prior to transition.
Reexamining the Formation of Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals from Aromatic Molecules on Metal Oxides
Authors: Morazzoni Franca 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe subject is a debate on the formation mechanism of the environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFR), by interaction of aromatics with transition metal oxides. Literature reports contrasting opinions concerning the stabilization of the phenoxyradicals mainly as concerns the suggested reduction of interacting transition metal centers. The present paper, in accordance with the mechanisms assessed by a number of spectroscopic and computational results, excludes the necessity that the catalytic mechanism involves the reduction of the metal centers by interaction with the aromatics.
Graphic Abstract