bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent progress in red light-emitting diodes by III-nitride materials
Authors: Iida Daisuke , Ohkawa Kazuhiro 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
GaN-based light-emitting devices have the potential to realize all visible emissions with the same material system. These emitters are expected to be next-generation red, green, and blue displays and illumination tools. These emitting devices have been realized with highly efficient blue and green light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and laser diodes. Extending them to longer wavelength emissions remains challenging from an efficiency perspective. In the emerging research field of micro-LED displays, III-nitride red LEDs are in high demand to establish highly efficient devices like conventional blue and green systems. In this review, we describe fundamental issues in the development of red LEDs by III-nitrides. We also focus on the key role of growth techniques such as higher temperature growth, strain engineering, nanostructures, and Eu doping. The recent progress and prospect of developing III-nitride-based red light-emitting devices will be presented.
Influence of disorder strength on the superconducting mechanism of MgB2
Authors: Lee Jung Min , Jung Soon-Gil , Han Yoonseok , Park Tae-Ho , Jang Jaekyung , Jeon Hye-ran , Yeo Sunmog , Choi Han-Yong , Park Tuson , Kang Won Nam 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We investigate the effect of disorder on the superconducting mechanism of MgB2 thin films using low-energy ion irradiation. The c-axis lattice constant and T
c of MgB2 thin films change systematically as the magnitude of disorder, which corresponds to the value of average displacements per atom (dpa
avg), increases. Here, dpa
avg is controlled by the amount of irradiated ions. The dpa
avg dependence of the electron–phonon coupling constants (λ) is estimated using the McMillan equation. For dpa
avg ⩽ 0.049, λ is linearly proportional to dpa
avg. On the other hand, for dpa
avg > 0.049, the T
c of the disordered MgB2 deviates from the linear fitting curve, and insulating behavior is observed in the normal state resistivity. These results indicate that the superconducting mechanism of MgB2 can be changed by the electronic system caused by disorder strength affecting the electron–phonon coupling constant λ.
Screening current induced magnetic field and stress in ultra-high-field magnets using REBCO coated conductors
Authors: Yan Yufan , Li Yi , Qu Timing 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Rare-earth-based barium copper oxide (REBCO) coated conductors are promising candidates for the development of ultra-high-field (UHF) magnets, due to its high in-field performance, engineering current density, tensile strength and commercial availability. However, technological challenges pertaining to the large screening currents still remain. The major issues caused by the screening currents in REBCO conductors in UHF applications involve two aspects: the screening current induced magnetic field (SCF), and the screening current induced stress (SCS). In the past decades, extensive research has been devoted to the SCF, offering a variety of possible remedies. With latest advances in the construction and testing of UHF magnets, new observations of the SCF involving REBCO coils were reported. The SCS was identified in recent years and has raised growing concerns. The excessive and highly concentrated Lorentz force, rooted in the high magnetic field and the screening currents, poses threats to the mechanical strength of REBCO coated conductors. The aim of this paper is to review recent research efforts in understanding and tackling the screening current related technological issues. For the SCF, we focus on the latest observations in high-field experiments and its various mitigation methods. For the SCS, we present recent studies including experimental characterizations, numerical modelling and possible countermeasures. It is still an open question to precisely predict the SCS in large-scale HTS magnets. How to minimize the influence of SCF and SCS is one of the key technical challenges for the design of future UHF magnets.
Mixed-mode oscillations for slow-fast perturbed systems
Authors: Liu Yaru , Liu Shenquan , Lu Bo , Kurths Jürgen 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This article concerns the dynamics of mixed-mode oscillations (MMOs) emerging from the calcium-based inner hair cells (IHCs) model in the auditory cortex. The paper captures the MMOs generation mechanism based on the geometric singular perturbation theory (GSPT) after exploiting the average analysis for reducing the full model. Our analysis also finds that the critical manifold and folded surface are central to the mechanism of the existence of MMOs at the folded saddle for the perturbed system. The system parameters, such like the maximal calcium channels conductance, controls the firing patterns, and many new oscillations occur for the IHCs model. Tentatively, we conduct dynamic analysis combined with dynamic method based on GSPT by giving slow-fast analysis for the singular perturbed models and bifurcation analysis. In particular, we explore the two-slow-two-fast and three-slow-one-fast IHCs perturbed systems with layer and reduced problems so that differential-algebraic equations are obtained. This paper reveals the underlying dynamic properties of perturbed systems under singular perturbation theory.
An on-chip integrated microfiber–silicon–graphene hybrid structure photodetector
Authors: Wang Fangjie , Chen Xiaoxu , Zhou Sikun , Gu Qiongqiong , Zhou Hao , Deng Guoliang , Zhou Shouhuan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Silicon photonic devices have great potential for photocommunication, and silicon-based photodetectors have attracted wide attention. Here, we report an on-chip integrated microfiber–silicon–graphene hybrid structure photodetector that can operate in the visible and near-infrared ranges. The detector has a responsivity of ∼136 mA W−1 at 808 nm and a rise time of ∼1.1 μs. At a reverse bias of 5 V, we achieved a responsivity of ∼1350 mA W−1. Our device provides an option for on-chip integration.
Investigation of defective hybrid cladding with silicon nanocrystal PCF for supercontinuum generation
Authors: Rajesh A , Chandru S , Robinson S 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Defective hybrid cladding through a silicon nanocrystal-core-structured photonic crystal fiber intended for high pump power supercontinuum proliferation is discussed in this paper. The cladding comprehends a hybrid approach of a hexagonal air hole in the outer section and a petal-structured air hole in the inner layer with a twisted pattern. Such a procedure with an air hole in the cladding section with a silicon nanocore displays high nonlinearity and negative dispersion at the communication window for varying pulse widths with 20 kW pump power. The impact of structural parameters of the proposed structure on the optical constraints is discussed, namely, dispersion, nonlinearity and group-velocity dispersion for wavelengths ranging from 0.45 µm to 1.85 µm. The proposed structure with optimized structural parameters provides high nonlinearity of about 6.38 × 106 W−1 km−1 with negative dispersion of −70.19 ps (nm km)−1 at 1550 nm.
Rejection sampling for Bayesian uncertainty evaluation using the Monte Carlo techniques of GUM-S1
Authors: Marschall Manuel , Wübbeler Gerd , Elster Clemens 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Supplement 1 to the GUM (GUM-S1) extends the GUM uncertainty framework to non-linear functions and non-Gaussian distributions. For this purpose, it employs a Monte Carlo method that yields a probability density function for the measurand. This Monte Carlo method has been successfully applied in numerous applications throughout metrology. However, considerable criticism has been raised against the type A uncertainty evaluation of GUM-S1. Most of the criticism could be addressed by including prior information about the measurand which, however, is beyond the scope of GUM-S1. We propose an alternative Monte Carlo method that will allow prior information about the measurand to be included. The proposed method is based on a Bayesian uncertainty evaluation and applies a simple rejection sampling approach using the Monte Carlo techniques of GUM-S1. The range of applicability of the approach is explored theoretically and in terms of examples. The results are promising, leading us to conclude that many metrological applications could benefit from this approach. Software support is provided to ease its implementation.
Activation of retinal ganglion cells using a biomimetic artificial retina
Authors: Greco Jordan A , Wagner Nicole L , Jensen Ralph J , Lawrence Daniel B , Ranaghan Matthew J , Sandberg Megan N , Sandberg Daniel J , Birge Robert R 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Objective. Biomimetic protein-based artificial retinas offer a new paradigm for restoring vision for patients blinded by retinal degeneration. Artificial retinas, comprised of an ion-permeable membrane and alternating layers of bacteriorhodopsin (BR) and a polycation binder, are assembled using layer-by-layer electrostatic adsorption. Upon light absorption, the oriented BR layers generate a unidirectional proton gradient. The main objective of this investigation is to demonstrate the ability of the ion-mediated subretinal artificial retina to activate retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) of degenerated retinal tissue. Approach. Ex vivo extracellular recording experiments with P23H line 1 rats are used to measure the response of RGCs following selective stimulation of our artificial retina using a pulsed light source. Single-unit recording is used to evaluate the efficiency and latency of activation, while a multielectrode array (MEA) is used to assess the spatial sensitivity of the artificial retina films. Main results. The activation efficiency of the artificial retina increases with increased incident light intensity and demonstrates an activation latency of ∼150 ms. The results suggest that the implant is most efficient with 200 BR layers and can stimulate the retina using light intensities comparable to indoor ambient light. Results from using an MEA show that activation is limited to the targeted receptive field. Significance. The results of this study establish potential effectiveness of using an ion-mediated artificial retina to restore vision for those with degenerative retinal diseases, including retinitis pigmentosa.
KOH Activation with Microwave Irradiation and its Effect on the Physical Properties of Orange Peel Activated Carbon
Authors: Awitdrus  , Siregar Gladys May Grace , Agustino  , Saktioto  , Iwantono  , Syahputra Romi Fadli , Farma Rakhmawati 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Chemical activation with assisted microwave irradiation was used to produced activated carbon from orange peel waste. The activating agent was potassium hydroxide (KOH) with concentrations of 2 M, 3 M, and 4 M. The microwave irradiation was done for 15 minutes with a 630 Watt output power. KOH concentration affected the physical properties of OP-ACxM. With increasing KOH concentration, the interlayer spacing (d002
and d100
) grew, stack height (Lc
) increased, and stack width (La) dropped. The number of pores on the surface of OP-ACxM increased after the chemical activation process. In OP-ACxM, FTIR analysis reveals the presence of O-H, C-H, C-C, C=O, C=C, and C-O.
Application of biofertilizer and Local Beauveria bassiana Vuillemin on Growth, Production and Resistant of Red Chili Plants (Capsicum annuum L.)
Authors: Hapsoh  , Dini I R , Ulfah I. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The use of inorganic fertilizers and chemical pesticides in increasing chili production at high doses continuously can damage the environment and resistant to pests. The use of inorganic fertilizers and chemical pesticides can be minimized by environment friendly products. The research was conducted by combining the application of biofertilizers and local Beauveria bassiana to support the growth and production of environmentally friendly plants. This research was carried out experimentally arranged according to a Factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two factors. The first factor was the application of biofertilizer consisting of 4 levels, namely: zero applications of biofertilizer, one application at 24 DAP, two applications at 24 DAP and 54 DAP and three applications at 24 DAP, 54 DAP and 64 DAP. The second factor was the application of local B. bassiana consisting of 4 levels, namely: zero applications of local B. bassiana, one application at 24 DAP, two applications at 24 DAP and 54 DAP and three applications at 24 DAP, 54 DAP and 64 DAP. The parameters of research consisted plant height, dichotom height, flowering plant age, harvesting age, number of fruits per plant, fruit length, fruit weight, fruit weight per plant, leaf pest attack intensity and fruit pest attack intensity. The data from the analysis of variance were further tested with the DNMRT test at the 5% level. The result showed that no interaction between the application of biofertilizers and B. bassiana on the growth, yield and resistance of red chili plants. However, the combination of application of biofertilizer and B. bassiana three times gave good results on the growth, yield and resistance of red chili plants compared to the application of biofertilizer and B. bassiana zero times.
Trees and Bushes in the Bolshoi Uran River Basin (Orenburg Region)
Authors: Ryabinina Zinaida N. , Tabuldin Julay Z. , Markova Gulfiya A. , Anhalt Elena M. , Dobrodomova Larisa A. , Nikonova Elena A. , Kalyakina Railya G. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The article analyzes the tree and shrub flora of the B. Uran river basin. An inventory of the flora was carried out, characteristics were given according to floristic spectra (taxonomic, ecological, phytocenotic, etc.), and a list of plants was compiled. It is established that 42 wild species of trees and shrubs belonging to 15 families grow on the studied territory. The most common family is Rosaceae, the largest genera are Salix and Populus. The availability of moisture was determined by the predominance of mesophytic forest vegetation. The chorological analysis of the flora indicates a significant presence of adventitious wild-growing species. The analysis of the species structure of phytocenoses indicates an anthropogenic succession.
Creation of aerosolized detergent compositions for protecting high-precision metal mirrors from the impact of adverse climate factors
Authors: Filin S , Rogalin V , Kaplunov I 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This article is devoted to creation of aerosolized detergent compositions, needful for use during operation of high-precision metal mirrors, as a rule, in field conditions. The created detergent compositions with inhibitory properties allow, simultaneously with carrying out the process of physicochemical cleaning of optical surface from technological impurities, to ensure its protection from the influence of adverse climatic factors during storage, transportation, installation and exploitation of the element with the possibility of its alignment. The high climatic resilience of the protective films investigated in this article, which are formed during the cleaning of the optical surface, is shown. In this case, the optical characteristics of the processed elements after climatic tests do not get worse.
System for neural network recognition of malignant pigmented skin neoplasms with image pre-processing
Authors: Lyakhova U A , Lyakhov P A , Abdulkadirov R I , Efimenko G A , Romanov S A , Kaplun D I 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The article presents a system for the recognition of malignant pigmented skin neoplasms with a preliminary processing stage. Image pre-processing consists of removing hair structures from images, as well as resizing images and their further augmentation. Augmentation made it possible to increase the variety of training data, balance the number of images in different categories, and avoid retraining the neural network. The modeling was carried out using the MatLab R2020b software package for solving technical calculations on clinical dermatoscopic images from the international open archive ISIC Melanoma Project. The proposed system for the recognition of malignant pigmented skin neoplasms made it possible to increase the accuracy of image classification up to 80.55%. The use of the proposed recognition system will make it possible to increase the efficiency and quality of diagnosis, in comparison with the methods of visual diagnosis.
Alternative mechanisms of the primary act of gas-phase monomolecular thermal decomposition of N-methyl-N’-methoxydiazene-N-oxide according to the data of quantum chemical calculations
Authors: Nikolaeva E V , Khrapkovskii G M , Aristov I V , Egorov D L , Shamov A G 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The mechanisms of the primary act of thermal decomposition of the simplest representative of the series of alkoxy-NNO-azoxy compounds – N-methyl-N’-methoxydiazene-N- oxide are studied using quantum-chemical density functional methods PBE, B3LYP, wB97XD with different sets of basic functions, as well as the composite G4 method. It is shown that the most probable channel of its thermal destruction, leading to the formation of experimentally observed reaction products, is isomerization because of rotation of the OCH3 group around the NO bond with the subsequent transfer of the CH3 group between oxygen atoms. In this case, the transfer of the CH3 group is the limiting reaction of the thermal decomposition of N-methyl-N’-methoxydiazene-N-oxide as a whole.
Polaritonic crystal formed of a tunnel-coupled microcavity array and an ensemble of quantum dots
Authors: Rumyantsev V V , Fedorov S A , Gumennyk K V , Rybalka A Ye , Zavorotnev Yu D 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Propagation of polariton excitations in a defect-containing one-dimensional lattice of microcavities with embedded ultracold atomic nanoclusters (quantum dots) is being considered. The virtual crystal approximation is used to study the properties of electromagnetic excitation spectrum resulting from random variations of the atomic subsystem composition and positions of micropores, as well as from a homogeneous elastic deformation of the considered one-dimensional structure. The group velocity dependence of polariton excitations on structural defect concentration and on deformation parameter is being numerically modeled.
Theory of vector equations of electromagnetic wave diffraction on a rectilinear tubular cylinder
Authors: Sochilin A V , Eminov S I 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The vector equation for the diffraction of electromagnetic waves on the surface of a rectilinear circular cylinder without ends with respect to surface currents is considered. As a result of transformations from the original equation, one-dimensional systems of integral equations are obtained. For all four integral operators describing the systems, the main parts are highlighted. Using the remarkable properties of one-dimensional diffraction operators, the Fredholm equation of the second kind in Sobolev spaces is obtained.
Thermodynamic functions of ibuprofen
Authors: Turovtsev V V , Emel’yanenko V N , Fedina Yu A , Orlov Yu D 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A conformational analysis has been conducted, structures that make a significant contribution to properties are selected, and the partial thermodynamic functions of ibuprofen conformers are calculated. The temperature dependences of molar fractions and entropy of mixing are obtained. Quantum-chemical and empirical estimates of the standard enthalpy of formation are produced. The thermodynamic functions of ibuprofen in the gas phase are determined.
Microscopic dynamic mechanism of equilibration in crystals: one-dimensional model
Authors: Zakharov A Yu , Zakharov M A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The dynamics of free vibrations of a chain of atoms is investigated taking into account the retardation of interactions. It is shown that all oscillations of the circuit are damped. The dynamics of forced vibrations of this chain of atoms is investigated. It is shown that, regardless of the initial conditions, the system passes into a stationary state of dynamic equilibrium with an external field, which depends both on the properties of the system and on the parameters of the external field. A non-statistical dynamic mechanism of the process of irreversible establishment of the state of thermodynamic equilibrium in both many-body and few-body systems is proposed.
Preparation and characterization of graphene nanosheet doped with silver nanoparticles
Authors: Mohammed A H , Naje A N 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Simple process (exploding wire technique) was used to Prepared sliver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The graphene sheet was added to AgNPs with different concentrations (0.002g/ml and 0.01g/ml). well dispersion of AgNPs are achieved by simple chemistry process. The samples were characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), x-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). The results showed a wide band absorption of AgNPs-graphene (AgNPs-GN) extended from VU to IR region, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) absorption peak position for the AgNPs at (350-600) nm, XRD confirmed the clear distribution of the peaks attributed to polycrystalline for AgNPs appeared at 20=38.14°, 44.27°, 64.33, and 77.37° respectively and AgNPs-GN at 2θ=26.51° and 54.65°. The AFM showed that AgNPs have uniformly distribution on the surface of graphene sheet. The average size of AgNPs was confirmed by around (50-80) nm by FESEM and the AgNPs-GN have average particle size (20-40) nm. The AgNPs-GN could become prominent candidate for optoelectronic applications.
Neural Network Model for Synthesis of Thermally Sprayed (AI/AI2O3) Composite Protective Coatings
Authors: Jumah Thamir Abdul-Jabbar , Ahmed Saad Ali 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Al2O3 and Al2O3–Al composite coatings were deposited on steel specimens using Oxy-acetylene gas thermal spray gun. Alumina was mixed with Aluminum in six groups of concentrations (0, 5, 10,12,15 and 20% ) Al2O3, Specimens were tested for corrosion using Potentiodynamic polarization technique. Further tests were conducted for the effect of temperature on polarization curve and the hardness tests for the coated specimens. At first, Modelling was carried out using MINITAB-19, least square method, as a 2nd degree nonlinear model, bad results were achieved because of the high nonlinearity. Better result was achieved using neural network fitting tool. The network was designed using five neurons in the hidden layer and the input was I input with two layers, the electrical potential and alumina concentration.
Synthesis of Composite from Bacterial Cellulose and Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Ahmed Saad Ali , Ahmed Alaa Abdulnabi , Latif Mohamed Hassan Abdul 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A process of bacterial cellulose gold nanocomposite has been investigated based on experimental work and cited literature. A literature review on the production process is carried out in this study. Bacterial cellulose is a high crystalline fabric material generally used in biomedical applications. A Nanocomposite was made by synthesis from gold and bacterial cellulose. The experimental work includes growing, and isolating bacterial cellulose, preparation of gold Nanoparticles and preparation of Nano composite. Nanoparticle’s formation and adsorption on the cellulose tissue have been observed visually, where a colour change was observed. The predicted particle size for the gold nanoparticles was (2-100) nm.