bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insight-HXMT observations of jet-like corona in a black hole X-ray binary MAXI J1820+070
Authors: You Bei , Tuo Yuoli , Li Chengzhe , Wang Wei , Zhang Shuang-Nan , Zhang Shu , Ge Mingyu , Luo Chong , Liu Bifang , Yuan Weimin , Dai Zigao , Liu Jifeng , Qiao Erlin , Jin Chichuan , Liu Zhu , Czerny Bozena , Wu Qingwen , Bu Qingcui , Cai Ce , Cao Xuelei , Chang Zhi , Chen Gang , Chen Li , Chen Tianxiang , Chen Yibao , Chen Yong , Chen Yupeng , Cui Wei , Cui Weiwei , Deng Jingkang , Dong Yongwei , Du Yuanyuan , Fu Minxue , Gao Guanhua , Gao He , Gao Min , Gu Yudong , Guan Ju , Guo Chengcheng , Han Dawei , Huang Yue , Huo Jia , Jia Shumei , Jiang Luhua , Jiang Weichun , Jin Jing , Jin Yongjie , Kong Lingda , Li Bing , Li Chengkui , Li Gang , Li Maoshun , Li Tipei , Li Wei , Li Xian , Li Xiaobo , Li Xufang , Li Yanguo , Li Zhengwei , Liang Xiaohua , Liao Jinyuan , Liu Congzhan , Liu Guoqing , Liu Hongwei , Liu Xiaojing , Liu Yinong , Lu Bo , Lu Fangjun , Lu Xuefeng , Luo Qi , Luo Tao , Ma Xiang , Meng Bin , Nang Yi , Nie Jianyin , Ou Ge , Qu Jinlu , Sai Na , Shang Rencheng , Song Liming , Song Xinying , Sun Liang , Tan Ying , Tao Lian , Wang Chen , Wang Guofeng , Wang Juan , Wang Lingjun , Wang Wenshuai , Wang Yusa , Wen Xiangyang , Wu Baiyang , Wu Bobing , Wu Mei , Xiao Guangcheng , Xiao Shuo , Xiong Shaolin , Xu Yupeng , Yang Jiawei , Yang Sheng , Yang Yanji , Yi Qibin , Yin Qianqing , You Yuan , Zhang Aimei , Zhang Chengmo , Zhang Fan , Zhang Hongmei , Zhang Juan , Zhang Tong , Zhang Wanchang , Zhang Wei , Zhang Wenzhao , Zhang Yi , Zhang Yifei , Zhang Yongjie , Zhang Yue , Zhang Zhao , Zhang Ziliang , Zhao Haisheng , Zhao Xiaofan , Zheng Shijie , Zhou Dengke , Zhou Jianfeng , Zhu Yuxuan , Zhu Yue 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA black hole X-ray binary produces hard X-ray radiation from its corona and disk when the accreting matter heats up. During an outburst, the disk and corona co-evolves with each other. However, such an evolution is still unclear in both its geometry and dynamics. Here we report the unusual decrease of the reflection fraction in MAXI J1820+070, which is the ratio of the coronal intensity illuminating the disk to the coronal intensity reaching the observer, as the corona is observed to contrast during the decay phase. We postulate a jet-like corona model, in which the corona can be understood as a standing shock where the material flowing through. In this dynamical scenario, the decrease of the reflection fraction is a signature of the corona’s bulk velocity. Our findings suggest that as the corona is observed to get closer to the black hole, the coronal material might be outflowing faster.
Distinct subtypes of proprioceptive dorsal root ganglion neurons regulate adaptive proprioception in mice
Authors: Wu Haohao , Petitpré Charles , Fontanet Paula , Sharma Anil , Bellardita Carmelo , Quadros Rolen M. , Jannig Paulo R. , Wang Yiqiao , Heimel J. Alexander , Cheung Kylie K. Y. , Wanderoy Simone , Xuan Yang , Meletis Konstantinos , Ruas Jorge , Gurumurthy Channabasavaiah B. , Kiehn Ole , Hadjab Saida , Lallemend François 
Published: February 2021

AbstractProprioceptive neurons (PNs) are essential for the proper execution of all our movements by providing muscle sensory feedback to the central motor network. Here, using deep single cell RNAseq of adult PNs coupled with virus and genetic tracings, we molecularly identify three main types of PNs (Ia, Ib and II) and find that they segregate into eight distinct subgroups. Our data unveil a highly sophisticated organization of PNs into discrete sensory input channels with distinct spatial distribution, innervation patterns and molecular profiles. Altogether, these features contribute to finely regulate proprioception during complex motor behavior. Moreover, while Ib- and II-PN subtypes are specified around birth, Ia-PN subtypes diversify later in life along with increased motor activity. We also show Ia-PNs plasticity following exercise training, suggesting Ia-PNs are important players in adaptive proprioceptive function in adult mice.
RNF167 activates mTORC1 and promotes tumorigenesis by targeting CASTOR1 for ubiquitination and degradation
Authors: Li Tingting , Wang Xian , Ju Enguo , da Silva Suzane Ramos , Chen Luping , Zhang Xinquan , Wei Shan , Gao Shou-Jiang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractmTORC1, a central controller of cell proliferation in response to growth factors and nutrients, is dysregulated in cancer. Whereas arginine activates mTORC1, it is overridden by high expression of cytosolic arginine sensor for mTORC1 subunit 1 (CASTOR1). Because cancer cells often encounter low levels of nutrients, an alternative mechanism might exist to regulate CASTOR1 expression. Here we show K29-linked polyubiquitination and degradation of CASTOR1 by E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF167. Furthermore, AKT phosphorylates CASTOR1 at S14, significantly increasing its binding to RNF167, and hence its ubiquitination and degradation, while simultaneously decreasing its affinity to MIOS, leading to mTORC1 activation. Therefore, AKT activates mTORC1 through both TSC2- and CASTOR1-dependent pathways. Several cell types with high CASTOR1 expression are insensitive to arginine regulation. Significantly, AKT and RNF167-mediated CASTOR1 degradation activates mTORC1 independent of arginine and promotes breast cancer progression. These results illustrate a mTORC1 regulating mechanism and identify RNF167 as a therapeutic target for mTORC1-dysregulated diseases.
The genetic basis of cytoplasmic male sterility and fertility restoration in wheat
Authors: Melonek Joanna , Duarte Jorge , Martin Jerome , Beuf Laurent , Murigneux Alain , Varenne Pierrick , Comadran Jordi , Specel Sebastien , Levadoux Sylvain , Bernath-Levin Kalia , Torney François , Pichon Jean-Philippe , Perez Pascual , Small Ian 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHybrid wheat varieties give higher yields than conventional lines but are difficult to produce due to a lack of effective control of male fertility in breeding lines. One promising system involves the Rf1 and Rf3 genes that restore fertility of wheat plants carrying Triticum timopheevii-type cytoplasmic male sterility (T-CMS). Here, by genetic mapping and comparative sequence analyses, we identify Rf1 and Rf3 candidates that can restore normal pollen production in transgenic wheat plants carrying T-CMS. We show that Rf1 and Rf3 bind to the mitochondrial orf279 transcript and induce cleavage, preventing expression of the CMS trait. The identification of restorer genes in wheat is an important step towards the development of hybrid wheat varieties based on a CMS-Rf system. The characterisation of their mode of action brings insights into the molecular basis of CMS and fertility restoration in plants.
Positioning of nucleosomes containing γ-H2AX precedes active DNA demethylation and transcription initiation
Authors: Dobersch Stephanie , Rubio Karla , Singh Indrabahadur , Günther Stefan , Graumann Johannes , Cordero Julio , Castillo-Negrete Rafael , Huynh Minh Bao , Mehta Aditi , Braubach Peter , Cabrera-Fuentes Hector , Bernhagen Jürgen , Chao Cho-Ming , Bellusci Saverio , Günther Andreas , Preissner Klaus T. , Kugel Sita , Dobreva Gergana , Wygrecka Malgorzata , Braun Thomas , Papy-Garcia Dulce , Barreto Guillermo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn addition to nucleosomes, chromatin contains non-histone chromatin-associated proteins, of which the high-mobility group proteins are the most abundant. Chromatin-mediated regulation of transcription involves DNA methylation and histone modifications. However, the order of events and the precise function of high-mobility group proteins during transcription initiation remain unclear. Here we show that high-mobility group AT-hook 2 protein (HMGA2) induces DNA nicks at the transcription start site, which are required by the histone chaperone FACT complex to incorporate nucleosomes containing the histone variant H2A.X. Further, phosphorylation of H2A.X at S139 (γ-H2AX) is required for repair-mediated DNA demethylation and transcription activation. The relevance of these findings is demonstrated within the context of TGFB1 signaling and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, suggesting therapies against this lethal disease. Our data support the concept that chromatin opening during transcriptional initiation involves intermediates with DNA breaks that subsequently require DNA repair mechanisms to ensure genome integrity.
Base-pair resolution analysis of the effect of supercoiling on DNA flexibility and major groove recognition by triplex-forming oligonucleotides
Authors: Pyne Alice L. B. , Noy Agnes , Main Kavit H. S. , Velasco-Berrelleza Victor , Piperakis Michael M. , Mitchenall Lesley A. , Cugliandolo Fiorella M. , Beton Joseph G. , Stevenson Clare E. M. , Hoogenboom Bart W. , Bates Andrew D. , Maxwell Anthony , Harris Sarah A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn the cell, DNA is arranged into highly-organised and topologically-constrained (supercoiled) structures. It remains unclear how this supercoiling affects the detailed double-helical structure of DNA, largely because of limitations in spatial resolution of the available biophysical tools. Here, we overcome these limitations, by a combination of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, to resolve structures of negatively-supercoiled DNA minicircles at base-pair resolution. We observe that negative superhelical stress induces local variation in the canonical B-form DNA structure by introducing kinks and defects that affect global minicircle structure and flexibility. We probe how these local and global conformational changes affect DNA interactions through the binding of triplex-forming oligonucleotides to DNA minicircles. We show that the energetics of triplex formation is governed by a delicate balance between electrostatics and bonding interactions. Our results provide mechanistic insight into how DNA supercoiling can affect molecular recognition, that may have broader implications for DNA interactions with other molecular species.
Proteome-wide and matrisome-specific alterations during human pancreas development and maturation
Authors: Li Zihui , Tremmel Daniel M. , Ma Fengfei , Yu Qinying , Ma Min , Delafield Daniel G. , Shi Yatao , Wang Bin , Mitchell Samantha A. , Feeney Austin K. , Jain Vansh S. , Sackett Sara Dutton , Odorico Jon S. , Li Lingjun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe extracellular matrix (ECM) is unique to each tissue and capable of guiding cell differentiation, migration, morphology, and function. The ECM proteome of different developmental stages has not been systematically studied in the human pancreas. In this study, we apply mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomics strategies using N,N-dimethyl leucine isobaric tags to delineate proteome-wide and ECM-specific alterations in four age groups: fetal (18-20 weeks gestation), juvenile (5-16 years old), young adults (21-29 years old) and older adults (50-61 years old). We identify 3,523 proteins including 185 ECM proteins and quantify 117 of them. We detect previously unknown proteome and matrisome features during pancreas development and maturation. We also visualize specific ECM proteins of interest using immunofluorescent staining and investigate changes in ECM localization within islet or acinar compartments. This comprehensive proteomics analysis contributes to an improved understanding of the critical roles that ECM plays throughout human pancreas development and maturation.
Seismic control of large prehistoric rockslides in the Eastern Alps
Authors: Oswald Patrick , Strasser Michael , Hammerl Christa , Moernaut Jasper 
Published: February 2021

AbstractLarge prehistoric rockslides tend to occur within spatio-temporal clusters suggesting a common trigger such as earthquake shaking or enhanced wet periods. Yet, trigger assessment remains equivocal due to the lack of conclusive observational evidence. Here, we use high-resolution lacustrine paleoseismology to evaluate the relation between past seismicity and a spatio-temporal cluster of large prehistoric rockslides in the Eastern Alps. Temporal and spatial coincidence of paleoseismic evidence with multiple rockslides at ~4.1 and ~3.0 ka BP reveals that severe earthquakes (local magnitude ML 5.5–6.5; epicentral intensity I0 VIII¼–X¾) have triggered these rockslides. A series of preceding severe earthquakes is likely to have progressively weakened these rock slopes towards critical state. These findings elucidate the role of seismicity in preparing and triggering large prehistoric rockslides in the European Alps, where rockslides and earthquakes typically occur in clusters. Such integration of multiple datasets in other formerly glaciated regions with low to moderate seismicity will improve our understanding of catastrophic rockslide drivers.
Unravelling the intertwined atomic and bulk nature of localised excitons by attosecond spectroscopy
Authors: Lucchini Matteo , Sato Shunsuke A. , Lucarelli Giacinto D. , Moio Bruno , Inzani Giacomo , Borrego-Varillas Rocío , Frassetto Fabio , Poletto Luca , Hübener Hannes , De Giovannini Umberto , Rubio Angel , Nisoli Mauro 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe electro-optical properties of most semiconductors and insulators of technological interest are dominated by the presence of electron-hole quasi-particles, called excitons. The manipulation of excitons in dielectrics has recently received great attention, with possible applications in different fields including optoelectronics and photonics. Here, we apply attosecond transient reflection spectroscopy in a sequential two-foci geometry and observe sub-femtosecond dynamics of a core-level exciton in bulk MgF2 single crystals. Furthermore, we access absolute phase delays, which allow for an unambiguous comparison with theoretical calculations. Our results show that excitons surprisingly exhibit a dual atomic- and solid-like character, which manifests itself on different time scales. While the former is responsible for a femtosecond optical Stark effect, the latter dominates the attosecond excitonic response. Further theoretical investigation reveals a link with the exciton sub-femtosecond nanometric motion and allows us to envision a new route to control exciton dynamics in the close-to-petahertz regime.
Chromosomal coordination and differential structure of asynchronous replicating regions
Authors: Blumenfeld Britny , Masika Hagit , Farago Marganit , Yehuda Yishai , Halaseh Lamia , Vardi Oriya , Rapoport Rachel , Levin-Klein Rena , Cedar Howard , Bergman Yehudit , Simon Itamar 
Published: February 2021

AbstractStochastic asynchronous replication timing (AS-RT) is a phenomenon in which the time of replication of each allele is different, and the identity of the early allele varies between cells. By taking advantage of stable clonal pre-B cell populations derived from C57BL6/Castaneous mice, we have mapped the genome-wide AS-RT loci, independently of genetic differences. These regions are characterized by differential chromatin accessibility, mono-allelic expression and include new gene families involved in specifying cell identity. By combining population level mapping with single cell FISH, our data reveal the existence of a novel regulatory program that coordinates a fixed relationship between AS-RT regions on any given chromosome, with some loci set to replicate in a parallel and others set in the anti-parallel orientation. Our results show that AS-RT is a highly regulated epigenetic mark established during early embryogenesis that may be used for facilitating the programming of mono-allelic choice throughout development.
Six degrees head-down tilt bed rest caused low-grade hemolysis: a prospective randomized clinical trial
Authors: Culliton Kathryn , Louati Hakim , Laneuville Odette , Ramsay Tim , Trudel Guy 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to measure hemolysis before, during and after 60 days of the ground-based spaceflight analog bed rest and the effect of a nutritional intervention through a prospective randomized clinical trial. Twenty male participants were hospitalized for 88 days comprised of 14 days of ambulatory baseline, 60 days of 6° head-down tilt bed rest and 14 days of reambulation. Ten participants each received a control diet or daily polyphenol associated with omega-3, vitamin E, and selenium supplements. The primary outcome was endogenous carbon monoxide (CO) elimination measured by gas chromatography. Hemolysis was also measured with serial bilirubin, iron, transferrin saturation blood levels and serial 3-day stool collections were used to measure urobilinoid excretion using photometry. Total hemoglobin mass (tHb) was measured using CO-rebreathing. CO elimination increased after 5, 11, 30, and 57 days of bed rest: +289 ppb (95% CI 101–477 ppb;p = 0.004), +253 ppb (78–427 ppb;p = 0.007), +193 ppb (89–298 ppb;p = 0.001) and +858 ppb (670–1046 ppb;p < 0.000), respectively, compared to baseline. Bilirubin increased after 20 and 49 days of bed rest +0.8 mg/l (p = 0.013) and +1.1 mg/l (p = 0.012), respectively; and iron increased after 20 days of bed rest +10.5 µg/dl (p = 0.032). The nutritional intervention did not change CO elimination. THb was lower after 60 days of bed rest −0.9 g/kg (p = 0.001). Bed rest enhanced hemolysis as measured through all three by-products of heme oxygenase. Ongoing enhanced hemolysis over 60 days contributed to a 10% decrease in tHb mass. Modulation of red blood cell control towards increased hemolysis may be an important mechanism causing anemia in astronauts.
A review of alterations to the brain during spaceflight and the potential relevance to crew in long-duration space exploration
Authors: Roy-O’Reilly Meaghan , Mulavara Ajitkumar , Williams Thomas 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDuring spaceflight, the central nervous system (CNS) is exposed to a complex array of environmental stressors. However, the effects of long-duration spaceflight on the CNS and the resulting impact to crew health and operational performance remain largely unknown. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding spaceflight-associated changes to the brain as measured by magnetic resonance imaging, particularly as they relate to mission duration. Numerous studies have reported macrostructural changes to the brain after spaceflight, including alterations in brain position, tissue volumes and cerebrospinal fluid distribution and dynamics. Changes in brain tissue microstructure and connectivity were also described, involving regions related to vestibular, cerebellar, visual, motor, somatosensory and cognitive function. Several alterations were also associated with exposure to analogs of spaceflight, providing evidence that brain changes likely result from cumulative exposure to multiple independent environmental stressors. Whereas several studies noted that changes to the brain become more pronounced with increasing mission duration, it remains unclear if these changes represent compensatory phenomena or maladaptive dysregulations. Future work is needed to understand how spaceflight-associated changes to the brain affect crew health and performance, with the goal of developing comprehensive monitoring and countermeasure strategies for future long-duration space exploration.
Flexible Hall sensor made of laser-scribed graphene
Authors: Kaidarova By Altynay , Liu Wenhao , Swanepoel Liam , Almansouri Abdullah , Geraldi Nathan R. , Duarte Carlos.M. , Kosel Jurgen 
Published: February 2021

AbstractGraphene has shown considerable potential for sensing magnetic fields based on the Hall Effect, due to its high carrier mobility, low sheet carrier density, and low-temperature dependence. However, the cost of graphene in comparison to conventional materials has meant that its uptake in electronic manufacturing has been slow. To lower technological barriers and bring more widespread adoption of graphene Hall sensors, we are using a one-step laser scribing process that does not rely on multiple steps, toxic chemicals, and subsequent treatments. Laser-scribed graphene Hall sensors offer a linear response to magnetic fields with a normalized sensitivity of ~1.12 V/AT. They also exhibit a low constant noise voltage floor of ~ 50 nV/$$\sqrt {{\mathrm{Hz}}}$$

Hz

for a bias current of 100 µA at room temperature, which is comparable with state-of-the-art low-noise Hall sensors. The sensors combine a high bendability, come with high robustness and operating temperatures up to 400 °C. They enable device ideas in various areas, for instance, soft robotics. As an example, we combined a laser-scribed graphene sensor with a deformable elastomer and flexible magnet to realize low-cost, compliant, and customizable tactile sensors.
Coherent manipulation and quantum phase interference in a fullerene-based electron triplet molecular qutrit
Authors: Wang Ye-Xin , Liu Zheng , Fang Yu-Hui , Zhou Shen , Jiang Shang-Da , Gao Song 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHigh-spin magnetic molecules are promising candidates for quantum information processing because their intrinsic multiplicity facilitates information storage and computational operations. However, due to the absence of suitable sublevel splittings, their susceptibility to environmental disturbances and limitation from the selection rule, the arbitrary control of the quantum state of a molecular electron multiplet has not been realized. Here, we exploit the photoexcited triplet of C70 as a molecular electron spin qutrit with pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance. We prepared the system into 3-level superposition states characteristic of a qutrit and validated them by the tomography of their density matrices. To further elucidate the coherence of the operation and the nature of the system as a qutrit, we demonstrated the quantum phase interference in the superposition. The interference pattern is further interpreted as a map of possible evolution paths in the space of phase factors, representing the quantum nature of the 3-level system.
Consensus terminology for preclinical phases of psoriatic arthritis for use in research studies: results from a Delphi consensus study
Authors: Perez-Chada Lourdes M. , Haberman Rebecca H. , Chandran Vinod , Rosen Cheryl F. , Ritchlin Christopher , Eder Lihi , Mease Philip , Reddy Soumya , Ogdie Alexis , Merola Joseph F. , Scher Jose U. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe concept of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) prevention is gaining increased interest owing to the physical limitation, poor quality of life and low remission rates that are achieved with current therapies for PsA. The psoriasis-to-PsA transition offers a unique opportunity to identify individuals at increased risk of developing PsA and to implement preventive strategies. However, identifying individuals at increased risk of developing PsA is challenging as there is no consensus on how this population should be defined. This Consensus Statement puts forward recommended terminology from the Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis Clinics Multicenter Advancement Network (PPACMAN) for defining specific subgroups of individuals during the preclinical and early clinical phases of PsA to be used in research studies. Following a three-round Delphi process, consensus was reached for three terms and definitions: ‘increased risk for PsA’, ‘psoriasis with asymptomatic synovio-entheseal imaging abnormalities’ and ‘psoriasis with musculoskeletal symptoms not explained by other diagnosis’. These terms and their definitions will enable improved identification and standardization of study populations in clinical research. In the future, as increasing evidence emerges regarding the molecular and clinical features of the psoriasis-to-PsA continuum, these terms and definitions will be further refined and updated.