bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In‐Volume Laser Direct Writing of Silicon—Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Chambonneau Maxime , Grojo David , Tokel Onur , Ilday Fatih Ömer , Tzortzakis Stelios , Nolte Stefan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLaser direct writing is a widely employed technique for 3D, contactless, and fast functionalization of dielectrics. Its success mainly originates from the utilization of ultrashort laser pulses, offering an incomparable degree of control on the produced material modifications. However, challenges remain for devising an equivalent technique in crystalline silicon which is the backbone material of the semiconductor industry. The physical mechanisms inhibiting sufficient energy deposition inside silicon with femtosecond laser pulses are reviewed in this article as well as the strategies established so far for bypassing these limitations. These solutions consisting of employing longer pulses (in the picosecond and nanosecond regime), femtosecond‐pulse trains, and surface‐seeded bulk modifications have allowed addressing numerous applications.
The Power of Musification: Sensor‐Based Music Feedback Improves Arm Swing in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Mainka Stefan , Schroll Arno , Warmerdam Elke , Gandor Florin , Maetzler Walter , Ebersbach Georg 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundReduction of arm swing during gait is an early and common symptom in Parkinson's disease (PD). By using the technology of a mobile phone, acceleration of arm swing can be converted into a closed‐loop musical feedback (musification) to improve gait.ObjectivesTo assess arm swing in healthy subjects and the effects of musification on arm swing amplitude and other gait parameters in patients with PD.MethodsGait kinematics were analyzed in 30 patients during a 320 m walk in 3 different conditions comprising (1) normal walking; (2) focused swinging of the more affected arm; and (3) with musification of arm swing provided by the iPhone application CuraSwing. The acceleration of arm swing was converted into musical feedback. Arm swing range of motion and further gait kinematics were analyzed. In addition, arm swing in patients was compared to 32 healthy subjects walking at normal, slow, and fast speeds.ResultsMusification led to a large and bilateral increase of arm swing range of motion in patients. The increase was greater on the more affected side of the patient (+529.5% compared to baseline). In addition, symmetry of arm swing, sternum rotation, and stride length increased. With musical feedback patients with PD reached arm swing movements within or above the range of healthy subjects.ConclusionsMusification has an immediate effect on arm swing and other gait kinematics in PD. The results suggest that closed‐loop musical feedback is an effective technique to improve walking in patients with PD.
Collusion in supply functions under technology licensing
Authors: Celen Ihsan , Saglam Ismail 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe consider an infinitely lived duopoly with asymmetric costs and study the incentives of the firms to collude or compete in supply functions under the possibility of technology licensing. Simulating the subgame‐perfect Nash equilibria of alternative industry organizations, we show that licensing makes collusion harder; but it always has a positive effect on the welfares of consumers and the less efficient firm in the duopoly.
Evaluation of sleep quality among nursing faculty: Application of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index—A descriptive correlational study
Authors: Cox Sonya D. , Benoit Julia S. , Brohard Cheryl L. , McIntyre Teresa M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to describe the overall sleep quality, sleep patterns and severity of sleep difficulties among nursing faculty using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).DesignCross‐sectional descriptive and correlational study.MethodsA survey of faculty recruited from Texas Board of Nursing approved colleges/schools was used. A purposive, convenience sample of 105 faculty completed the PSQI, a reliable and valid instrument, in an online setting. Data was collected from January 2019 through April 2019.ResultsNursing faculty reported sleep difficulty across all components, with more problems in sleep latency, sleep disturbances and subjective sleep quality. Overall, 70.5% of participants were reportedly “poor” sleepers, a salient finding. Faculty experienced poor sleep quality across all academic ranks and age groups. Sleep latency and subjective sleep quality were components that presented higher in severity for the youngest faculty.
Primary thromboprophylaxis to prevent thrombotic events in pediatric oncology patients with a malignant mediastinal mass
Authors: Sarangi Susmita N. , Gaballah Marian , Nolfi‐Donegan Deirdre , Battaglia Maria , Amin Seema , Amodio John , Acharya Suchitra S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractChildren with malignant mediastinal masses have increased thrombotic events (TE). Eligible subjects with malignant mediastinal masses between January 2000 and December 2017 were evaluated for TE, with 19 among 76 subjects receiving enoxaparin thromboprophylaxis. There were 13 TEs among 76 subjects for an incidence of 17.1%. Mediastinal compression directly led to TE in 9.2% of subjects who also had statistically significant superior vena cava compression at diagnosis. Primary thromboprophylaxis did not significantly affect TE occurrence; however, larger studies are warranted to consider strategic thromboprophylaxis guided by radiological monitoring of dynamic vascular compression to improve TE outcomes.
Beneficial and harmful outcomes of tocilizumab in severe COVID‐19: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Rubio‐Rivas Manuel , Forero Carlos G. , Mora‐Luján José María , Montero Abelardo , Formiga Francesc , Homs Narcís A. , Albà‐Albalate Joan , Sánchez Laura , Rello Jordi , Corbella Xavier 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe results of studies of tocilizumab (TCZ) in COVID‐19 are contradictory. Our study aims to update medical evidence from controlled observational studies and randomized clinical trials (RCTs) on the use of TCZ in hospitalized patients with COVID‐19.MethodsWe searched the following databases from January 1, 2020 to April 13, 2021 (date of the last search): MEDLINE database through the PubMed search engine and Scopus, using the terms (“COVID‐19" [Supplementary Concept]) AND "tocilizumab" [Supplementary Concept]).ResultsSixty four studies were included in the present study: 54 were controlled observational studies (50 retrospective and 4 prospective) and 10 were RCTs. The overall results provided data from 20,616 hospitalized patients with COVID‐19: 7668 patients received TCZ in addition to standard of care (SOC) (including 1915 patients admitted to intensive care units (ICU) with reported mortality) and 12,948 patients only receiving SOC (including 4410 patients admitted to the ICU with reported mortality). After applying the random‐effects model, the hospital‐wide (including ICU) pooled mortality odds ratio (OR) of patients with COVID‐19 treated with TCZ was 0.73 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.56–0.93). The pooled hospital‐wide mortality OR was 1.25 (95% CI = 0.74–2.18) in patients admitted at conventional wards versus 0.66 (95% CI = 0.59–0.76) in patients admitted to the ICU. The pooled OR of hospital‐wide mortality (including ICU) of COVID‐19 patients treated with TCZ plus corticosteroids (CS) was 0.67 (95% CI = 0.54–0.84). The pooled in‐hospital mortality OR was 0.71 (95% CI = 0.35–1.42) when TCZ was early administered (≤10 days from symptom onset) versus 0.83 (95% CI 0.48–1.45) for late administration (>10 days from symptom onset). The meta‐analysis did not find significantly higher risk for secondary infections in COVID‐19 patients treated with TCZ.ConclusionsTCZ prevented mortality in patients hospitalized for COVID‐19. This benefit was seen to a greater extent in patients receiving concomitant CS and when TCZ administration occurred within the first 10 days after symptom onset.
Clinical features of Chinese children with COVID‐19 and other viral respiratory infections
Authors: Zhang Zhen‐Zhen , Chen Da‐Peng , Liu Quan‐Bo , Gan Chuan , Jiang Li , Zhu Kun , Zhang Xia‐Yi , Xu Hong‐Mei , Huang Ai‐Long , Long Quan‐Xin , Deng Hai‐Jun , Chen Juan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveFew studies have explored the clinical features in children infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 and other common respiratory viruses, including respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), Influenza virus (IV), and adenovirus (ADV). Herein, we reported the clinical characteristics and cytokine profiling in children with COVID‐19 or other acute respiratory tract infections (ARTI).MethodsWe enrolled 20 hospitalized children confirmed as COVID‐19 positive, 58 patients with ARTI, and 20 age and sex‐matched healthy children. The clinical information and blood test results were collected. A total of 27 cytokines and chemokines were measured and analyzed.ResultsThe median age in the COVID‐19 positive group was 14.5 years, which was higher than that of the ARTI groups. Around one‐third of patients in the COVID‐19 group experienced moderate fever, with a peak temperature of 38.27°C. None of the patients displayed wheezing or dyspnea. In addition, patients in the COVID‐19 group had lower white blood cells, platelet counts as well as a neutrophil‐lymphocyte ratio. Lower serum concentrations of 14 out of 27 cytokines were observed in the COVID‐19 group than in healthy individuals. Seven cytokines (IL‐1Ra, IL‐1β, IL‐9, IL‐10, TNF‐α, MIP‐1α, and VEGF) changed serum concentration in COVID‐19 compared with other ARTI groups.ConclusionPatients with COVID‐19 were older and showed milder symptoms and a favorable prognosis than ARTI caused by RSV, IV, and ADV. There was a low grade or constrained innate immune reaction in children with mild COVID‐19.
Reaction Dynamics Study of Hypergolic Bipropellants: Azide Amine and Dinitrogen Tetroxide
Authors: Zhao Jian‐Shuo , Huang Zhi‐Yong , Jin Guo‐Feng , Gao Min‐Na , Zhu Hui‐Xin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn order to analyze the reaction mechanism between N,N‐dimethyl‐2‐azide‐ethylamine (DMAZ) and nitrogen tetroxide (NTO), a stable conformation of DMAZ molecule was first searched. Then, the changes of the potential energy and the products generated in the simulation process were analyzed by the reaction molecular dynamics. Finally, the potential energy surface, reaction rate constant and activation energy of H atom abstraction were calculated based on density functional theory. The results show that the stable conformation of DMAZ looks like a scorpion. In the simulation, the potential energy of the system increased sharply in the endothermic reaction, and then decreased in the exothermic chemical reaction. Compared with N,N,N’,N’‐tetramethyl ethylenediamine (TMEDA), the reaction speed of DMAZ/NTO was higher, and the energy released was also higher. The reaction products of DMAZ/NTO and TMEDA/NTO were mainly H2O, N2 and CO2.With the increase of temperature, the rate constant of H atom abstraction increased exponentially. The rate of increase in path H3(it means that NO2 reacts with the H3 atom of DMAZ) was much higher than that of path H14 (it means that NO2 reacts with the H14 atom of DMAZ). The activation energies of H atom abstraction in path H3 and H14 were 16.60 kJ mol−1 and 61.08 kJ mol−1 respectively.
Effect of Pressure of Supercritical CO2 on Perfusion Explosive with Foamed SF‐3 Propellant
Authors: Tan Daquan , Zhang Di , Wang Yingbo , Xiao Fangci , Chen Feiyun , Wei Xiaoan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this paper, an SF‐3 double‐base propellant was treated by a supercritical carbon dioxide foaming process. Effects of the pressure of supercritical carbon dioxide on the morphology, energy level, and ingredients of the foamed SF‐3 double‐base propellant and the detonation performance of a perfusion explosive with the foamed SF‐3 double‐base propellant were studied. Results show that, with the increase of the pressure, the number of pores in the foamed SF‐3 double‐base propellant gradually increased, and some of the pores were connected to form a small amount of cracks. In the foaming process, the pressure had a small effect on the energy of foamed SF‐3, and the formation of dense pores increased the volume of the sample. The dense pores acted as “hotspots” during the detonation process of the perfusion explosive, allowing the explosive to have better detonation performance, as compared with the perfusion explosive with unfoamed SF‐3 which could not detonate effectively. When the pressure of supercritical CO2 was 8 MPa, the perfusion explosive with foamed SF‐3 had a shock wave energy of 1.06 kJ g−1 and a detonation velocity of 6521 m s−1. When the pressure was 11 MPa, the detonation velocity and shock wave energy of the perfusion explosive were 2.9 % and 6.6 % respectively higher than those under the pressure of 8 MPa. Therefore, with the increase of pressure, the detonation velocity and the shock wave energy of the perfusion explosive with foamed SF‐3 were increased, proving that increasing the pressure can effectively improve the detonation performance of perfusion explosives with foamed SF‐3.
Assessment of prediction methods for protein structures determined by NMR in CASP14: Impact of AlphaFold2
Authors: Huang Yuanpeng Janet , Zhang Ning , Bersch Beate , Fidelis Krzysztof , Inouye Masayori , Ishida Yojiro , Kryshtafovych Andriy , Kobayashi Naohiro , Kuroda Yutaka , Liu Gaohua , LiWang Andy , Swapna G.V.T , Wu Nan , Yamazaki Toshio , Montelione Gaetano T. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNMR studies can provide unique information about protein conformations in solution. In CASP14, three reference structures provided by solution NMR methods were available (T1027, T1029, and T1055), as well as a fourth data set of NMR‐derived contacts for an integral membrane protein (T1088). For the three targets with NMR‐based structures, the best prediction results ranged from very good (GDT_TS = 0.90, for T1055) to poor (GDT_TS = 0.47, for T1029). We explored the basis of these results by comparing all CASP14 prediction models against experimental NMR data. For T1027, NMR data reveal extensive internal dynamics, presenting a unique challenge for protein structure prediction methods. The analysis of T1029 motivated exploration of a novel method of “inverse structure determination,” in which an AlphaFold2 model was used to guide NMR data analysis. NMR data provided to CASP predictor groups for target T1088, a 238‐residue integral membrane porin, was also used to assess several NMR‐assisted prediction methods. Most groups involved in this exercise generated similar beta‐barrel models, with good agreement with the experimental data. However, as was also observed in CASP13, some pure prediction groups that did not use any NMR data generated models for T1088 that better fit the NMR data than the models generated using these experimental data. These results demonstrate the remarkable power of modern methods to predict structures of proteins with accuracies rivaling solution NMR structures, and that it is now possible to reliably use prediction models to guide and complement experimental NMR data analysis.
Culverts delay upstream and downstream migrations of river herring (Alosa spp.)
Authors: Alcott Derrick , Goerig Elsa , Castro‐Santos Theodore 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAlewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) and blueback herring (Alosa aestivalis) are iteroparous anadromous fish found throughout the East Coast of North America. The phenology of anadromous fish migrations is important for fitness, and the duration of spawning migrations has been compressed in recent years in response to climate change. Anthropogenic barriers to movement, such as dams and culverts at road‐stream crossings, can further disrupt migration phenology by delaying movement and increasing predation risk. We used passive integrated transponder (PIT) telemetry to quantify upstream and downstream migratory delay at five road‐stream‐crossing culverts on the Herring River (MA, USA). Groundspeeds were reduced at all culverts in both directions, confirming that the culverts impede movement despite high passage proportions. The cumulative delay of the culverts on the upstream migration was sufficient to more than double the amount of time required to traverse the river if the culverts had been absent. Furthermore, the presence of snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina) ambushing river herring within one of the culverts resulted in reduced passage rates beyond the reduction in movement caused by the physical structure itself. This highlights that physical barriers can create cascading ecological consequences and the importance of taking a holistic approach to understanding barrier effects.
Thriving on contradiction: Toward a dialectical alternative to fit‐based models in strategy (and beyond)
Authors: Farjoun Moshe , Fiss Peer C. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractResearch SummaryWhile the established, coherence view of internal fit provides a compact representation of firms and strategy, it also discounts the strategic benefits of tensions and contradictions, and downplays strategy creation and change. Here, we develop a novel dialectical alternative to fit‐based models of strategy. Within our model, contradictions and tensions serve as a key engine for strategic renewal and transformation. If carefully harnessed through what we call “disciplined incoherence,” contradictions can help firms establish and change their strategies and business models, adapt to and shape their environment, and enhance and sustain their competitive advantage. We offer a dynamic, endogenous view of how configurations are generated, transformed, and maintained, and present a processual alternative to current strategy models that are grounded in equilibrium and coherence assumptions.Managerial SummaryPrior thinking suggests that firm strategies should focus on achieving fit between the firm's different elements such as activities, organizational structures, and policies, and that tensions and inconsistencies should be eliminated or minimized. We argue that this view overlooks the important role of contradictions in fostering innovation and competitive advantage and driving strategic change and renewal. Conflicts and contradictions pose their own risks. Yet, given the potential for their firms to thrive on contradictions, managers and strategists should neither dismiss these challenges nor be paralyzed by them. Instead of stamping out tensions and contradictions, managers can apply a process of “disciplined incoherence” where they relinquish some control while drawing on organizational arrangements and their own creativity and skills to allow contradictions to develop.
Exciton‐Dominated Ultrafast Optical Response in Atomically Thin PtSe2
Authors: Bae Seongkwang , Nah Sanghee , Lee Doeon , Sajjad Muhammad , Singh Nirpendra , Kang Ku Min , Kim Sanghoon , Kim Geun‐Ju , Kim Jaekyun , Baik Hionsuck , Lee Kyusang , Sim Sangwan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractStrongly bound excitons are a characteristic hallmark of 2D semiconductors, enabling unique light–matter interactions and novel optical applications. Platinum diselenide (PtSe2) is an emerging 2D material with outstanding optical and electrical properties and excellent air stability. Bulk PtSe2 is a semimetal, but its atomically thin form shows a semiconducting phase with the appearance of a band‐gap, making one expect strongly bound 2D excitons. However, the excitons in PtSe2 have been barely studied, either experimentally or theoretically. Here, the authors directly observe and theoretically confirm excitons and their ultrafast dynamics in mono‐, bi‐, and tri‐layer PtSe2 single crystals. Steady‐state optical microscopy reveals exciton absorption resonances and their thickness dependence, confirmed by first‐principles calculations. Ultrafast transient absorption microscopy finds that the exciton dominates the transient broadband response, resulting from strong exciton bleaching and renormalized band‐gap‐induced exciton shifting. The overall transient spectrum redshifts with increasing thickness as the shrinking band‐gap redshifts the exciton resonance. This study provides novel insights into exciton photophysics in platinum dichalcogenides.
The economic logic of OR consulting practice: Towards a foundational view
Authors: Ormerod Richard John 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe establishment of foundations for operational research (OR) enables OR academic researchers to ground their theoretical research. As OR consultants, we compete for commercial contracts with clients based on our practical expertise. The paper seeks to identify the economic foundations of this contracting process, to separate those aspects most likely to endure from those that are more ephemeral. The focus of the analysis is on the behaviour of the players in the consulting services market. The market for consultancy thrives despite the fact that it is difficult for both consultants and clients to understand what is being sought and what is being offered. A key question for everyone concerned is how this problem is resolved in practice. The paper distils existing theories into a set of foundational statements that inform OR research aimed at improving the practice of OR consultants and client interactions. Eight economic foundational statements are derived.
Longitudinal cognitive performance of Alzheimer's disease neuropathological subtypes
Authors: Uretsky Madeline , Gibbons Laura E. , Mukherjee Shubhabrata , Trittschuh Emily H. , Fardo David W. , Boyle Patricia A. , Keene C. Dirk , Saykin Andrew J. , Crane Paul K. , Schneider Julie A. , Mez Jesse 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionAlzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathological subtypes (limbic predominant [lpAD], hippocampal sparing [HpSpAD], and typical [tAD]), defined by relative neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) burden in limbic and cortical regions, have not been studied in prospectively characterized epidemiological cohorts with robust cognitive assessments.MethodsTwo hundred ninety‐two participants with neuropathologically confirmed AD from the Religious Orders Study and Memory and Aging Project were categorized by neuropathological subtype based on previously specified diagnostic criteria using quantitative regional NFT counts. Rates of cognitive decline were compared across subtypes using linear mixed‐effects models that included subtype, time, and a subtype–time interaction as predictors and four cognitive domain factor scores (memory, executive function, language, visuospatial) and a global score as outcomes. To assess if memory was relatively preserved in HpSpAD, non‐memory factor scores were included as covariates in the mixed‐effects model with memory as the outcome.ResultsThere were 57 (20%) with lpAD, 22 (8%) with HpSpAD and 213 (73%) with tAD. LpAD died significantly later than the participants with tAD (2.4 years, P = .01) and with HpSpAD (3.8 years, P = .03). Compared to tAD, HpSpAD, but not lpAD, performed significantly worse in all cognitive domains at the time of initial impairment and declined significantly faster in memory, language, and globally. HpSpAD did not have relatively preserved memory performance at any time point.ConclusionThe relative frequencies of AD neuropathological subtypes in an epidemiological sample were consistent with a previous report in a convenience sample. People with HpSpAD decline rapidly, but may not have a memory‐sparing clinical syndrome. Cohort‐specific differences in regional tau burden and comorbid neuropathology may explain the lack of clinicopathological correlation.