bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multimodality and translanguaging in negotiation of meaning
Authors: Canals Laia 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe present study examines the role that multimodality and translanguaging play in scaffolding oral interactions during language‐related episodes (LREs) involving meaning negotiation. The oral tasks carried out using synchronous video‐based computer‐mediated communication were part of a tandem virtual exchange (Spain, Canada). The participants, 18 dyads of English and Spanish college‐level learners, conducted three oral interaction tasks in pairs online. LREs were identified and transcribed and data were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively, including all instances of translanguaging and uses of multiple modes of meaning‐making. Quantitative data revealed that translanguaging involved not only English and Spanish, but also other shared languages and occurred mostly during meaning negotiation. Additionally, the use of multimodal elements, including gestures, postures, gaze, multiple digital and physical devices (mobile devices, computers, props, notes) was examined. Qualitative data analyses revealed the interplay between multimodality and learners’ multilingual repertoires which reinforced and complemented meaning‐making during these episodes.
New geochemical tools for investigating resource and energy functions at deep‐sea cold seeps using amino acid δ15N in chemosymbiotic mussels (Bathymodiolus childressi)
Authors: Vokhshoori Natasha L. , McCarthy Matthew D. , Close Hilary G. , Demopoulos Amanda W. J. , Prouty Nancy G. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn order to reconstruct the ecosystem structure of chemosynthetic environments in the fossil record, geochemical proxies must be developed. Here, we present a suite of novel compound‐specific isotope parameters for tracing chemosynthetic production with a focus on understanding nitrogen dynamics in deep‐sea cold seep environments. We examined the chemosymbiotic bivalve Bathymodiolus childressi from three geographically distinct seep sites on the NE Atlantic Margin and compared isotope data to non‐chemosynthetic littoral mussels to test whether water depth, seep activity, and/or mussel bed size are linked to differences in chemosynthetic production. The bulk isotope analysis of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N), and δ15N values of individual amino acids (δ15NAA) in both gill and muscle tissues, as well as δ15NAA‐derived parameters including trophic level (TL), baseline δ15N value (δ15NPhe), and a microbial resynthesis index (ΣV), were used to investigate specific geochemical signatures of chemosynthesis. Our results show that δ15NAA values provide a number of new proxies for relative reliance on chemosynthesis, including TL, ∑V, and both δ15N values and molar percentages (Gly/Glu mol% index) of specific AA. Together, these parameters suggested that relative chemoautotrophy is linked to both degree of venting from seeps and mussel bed size. Finally, we tested a Bayesian mixing model using diagnostic AA δ15N values, showing that percent contribution of chemoautotrophic versus heterotrophic production to seep mussel nutrition can be directly estimated from δ15NAA values. Our results demonstrate that δ15NAA analysis can provide a new set of geochemical tools to better understand mixotrophic ecosystem function and energetics, and suggest extension to the study of ancient chemosynthetic environments in the fossil record.
Volcanic controls on the microbial habitability of Mars‐analogue hydrothermal environments
Authors: Moreras‐Marti Arola , Fox‐Powell Mark , Zerkle Aubrey L. , Stueeken Eva , Gazquez Fernando , Brand Helen E. A. , Galloway Toni , Purkamo Lotta , Cousins Claire R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDue to their potential to support chemolithotrophic life, relic hydrothermal systems on Mars are a key target for astrobiological exploration. We analysed water and sediments at six geothermal pools from the rhyolitic Kerlingarfjöll and basaltic Kverkfjöll volcanoes in Iceland, to investigate the localised controls on the habitability of these systems in terms of microbial community function. Our results show that host lithology plays a minor role in pool geochemistry and authigenic mineralogy, with the system geochemistry primarily controlled by deep volcanic processes. We find that by dictating pool water pH and redox conditions, deep volcanic processes are the primary control on microbial community structure and function, with water input from the proximal glacier acting as a secondary control by regulating pool temperatures. Kerlingarfjöll pools have reduced, circum‐neutral CO2‐rich waters with authigenic calcite‐, pyrite‐ and kaolinite‐bearing sediments. The dominant metabolisms inferred from community profiles obtained by 16S rRNA gene sequencing are methanogenesis, respiration of sulphate and sulphur (S0) oxidation. In contrast, Kverkfjöll pools have oxidised, acidic (pH < 3) waters with high concentrations of SO42‐ and high argillic alteration, resulting in Al‐phyllosilicate‐rich sediments. The prevailing metabolisms here are iron oxidation, sulphur oxidation and nitrification. Where analogous ice‐fed hydrothermal systems existed on early Mars, similar volcanic processes would likely have controlled localised metabolic potential and thus habitability. Moreover, such systems offer several habitability advantages, including a localised source of metabolic redox pairs for chemolithotrophic microorganisms and accessible trace metals. Similar pools could have provided transient environments for life on Mars; when paired with surface or near‐surface ice, these habitability niches could have persisted into the Amazonian. Additionally, they offer a confined site for biosignature formation and deposition that lends itself well to in situ robotic exploration.
Macroecological trend of increasing values of intraspecific genetic diversity and population structure from temperate to tropical streams
Authors: Salinas‐Ivanenko Sofia , Múrria Cesc 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimAssuming genetic variants are selectively neutral, estimates of intraspecific genetic diversity and population structure should increase simultaneously in parallel to coalescent time, population size and gene flow. However, other processes, such as genetic drift associated with demographic fluctuations, might cause a loss of genetic diversity while not affecting population structure. In this study, we assess large‐scale patterns of estimates of intraspecific genetic variation across species to determine the roles of dispersal, biogeography, divergence time and demographic fluctuations in decoupling genetic diversity and population structure.LocationPristine first‐order streams distributed in seven regions from Neotropical to boreal climate, covering a gradient of habitat persistence through major biogeographical changes (e.g., Pleistocene glaciations).Time period2008–2010.Major taxa studiedFreshwater insect lineages that differ in dispersal propensity.MethodsIntraspecific nucleotide diversity (π) and population structure (ΦST) were estimated for 33 species using 2,128 sequences of the cox1 gene. The correlation between π and ΦST was tested using linear regression models. The geographical distribution of haplotypes was represented in networks. Phylogenetic trees were time calibrated to determine divergence time.ResultsAt a global scale, a positive relationship between π and ΦST was found. Neotropical species showed the highest values of π and ΦST, probably owing to historical environmental stability. Across Europe, the low estimates of π and the wide array of ΦST values and haplotype networks found across species, lineages and latitude were contrary to the biogeographical and dispersal paradigms.Main conclusionsBeyond the macroecological trend found, genetic trajectories of co‐distributed temperate species were disassociated from their functional traits and probably caused by persistent demographic fluctuations associated with local‐scale habitat instability. Overall, the idiosyncratic relationship between π and ΦST across species prevents the establishment of conclusive global patterns and questions the phylogeographical patterns established when studying a reduced number of co‐distributed species.
Extending the offshoring literature to explain backshoring: An application to the Spanish footwear industry
Authors: Martínez‐Mora Carmen , Merino Fernando 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackshoring as a way of undoing the offshoring strategy has become quite common in many industries and countries. This paper analyses the reasons that may justify this strategy based on International Economics and Transaction Cost Economics. Specifically, we point that the framework to analyse offshoring can be valid, but that the knowledge, experience, etc. of the country that once hosted those activities reduce the costs in the second degree relocation. We present the results of a survey administered to firms in the Spanish footwear industry to evaluate such proposals. The results reveal that backshoring can be explained in the same theoretical framework as the offshoring decision and therefore this strategy simply constitutes a response to the characteristics of the environment of these firms since their offshoring strategy differed in terms of the destination country, business model, etc.
Rapid implementation of telehealth in geriatric outpatient clinics due to COVID‐19
Authors: Callisaya Michele L. , Lee Angel Hui‐Ching , Khushu Anjali 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has resulted in the rapid implementation of telehealth. However, little is known about its suitability for the older population. We evaluated the use of telehealth in geriatric outpatient clinics. Half of the appointments needed to be re‐scheduled due to language barrier, poor connection, hard of hearing and inability to perform assessments. Advantages included time efficiency and ability to visualise the home. Preference for the future was initial appointments as face–face, but reviews as either telehealth or face–face.
A new classification for the diagnosis of superficial non‐ampullary duodenal epithelial tumors using endocytoscopy: A prospective study
Authors: Muramoto Takashi , Ohata Ken , Sakai Eiji , Inamoto Rin , Kurebayashi Marie , Takayanagi Syunya , Kimoto Yoshiaki , Suzuki Yuichiro , Ishii Rindo , Ono Kohei , Negishi Ryoju , Takita Maiko , Minato Yohei , Ohno Akiko , Chiba Hideyuki , Hashimoto Hirotsugu , Morikawa Teppei , Matsuhashi Nobuyuki 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground and AimAlthough the frequency of endoscopic diagnosis of superficial non‐ampullary duodenal epithelial tumors (SNADETs) has been increasing in recent years, no criteria for the endoscopic diagnosis of these tumors have been established yet. The aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of endocytoscopy for diagnosis SNADETs and to establish new criteria.MethodsThis prospective study was conducted at the NTT Medical Center Tokyo from May 2019 to July 2020, and a total of 100 consecutive SNADETs were enrolled. All the endocytoscopic images of the lesions and surrounding normal mucosa were classified into three groups according to the degree of structural atypia and the nuclear morphology and size. The endocytoscopic diagnoses using endocytoscopic classification was compared with the final histopathological diagnoses.ResultsData of 93 patients with 98 lesions were included in the analysis. The preoperative diagnosis by endocytoscopy coincided with the final histopathological diagnosis in 85 (86.7%) of 98 SNADETs. In addition, the sensitivity and specificity for VCL 4/5 were 87.7% and 85.4%, respectively. In contrast, the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of preoperative diagnosis by biopsy were 64.3%, 50.9%, and 82.9%, respectively. Preoperative diagnosis by endocytoscopy showed significantly superior accuracy and sensitivity as compared with preoperative biopsy diagnosis (P < 0.001, respectively).ConclusionsThis new classification (endocytoscopic classification) allows prediction of the tumor histopathology in real time, during endocytoscopy without biopsy, and is expected to be of help in determining the appropriate therapeutic strategies for individual cases of SNADETs. (Clinical trial registration number: UMIN000038643.)
Prognostic features of gastro‐entero‐pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms in primary and metastatic sites: Grade, mesenteric tumour deposits and emerging novelties
Authors: Kankava Ketevani , Maisonneuve Patrick , Mangogna Alessandro , Centonze Giovanni , Cattaneo Laura , Prinzi Natalie , Pusceddu Sara , Fazio Nicola , Pisa Eleonora , Di Domenico Stefano , Bertani Emilio , Mazzaferro Vincenzo , Albertelli Manuela , Grillo Federica , Milione Massimo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractUpdates in classification of gastro‐entero‐pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms better reflect the biological characteristics of these tumours. In the present study, we analysed the characteristics of neuroendocrine tumours that could aid in a more precise stratification of risk groups. In addition, we have highlighted the importance of grade (re)assessment based on investigation of secondary tumour lesions. Two hundred and sixty‐four cases of neuroendocrine tumours of gastro‐entero‐pancreatic origin from three centres were included in the study. Tumour morphology, mitotic count and Ki67 labelling index were evaluated in specimens of primary tumours, lymph node metastases and distant metastases. These variables were correlated with overall survival (OS) and relapse‐free survival (RFS). Tumour stage, number of affected lymph nodes, presence of tumour deposits and synchronous/metachronous metastases were tested as possible prognostic features. Mitotic count, Ki‐67 labelling index, primary tumour site, tumour stage, presence of tumour deposits and two or more affected lymph nodes were significant predictors of OS and RFS. At the same time, mitotic count and Ki‐67 labelling index can be addressed as continuous variables determining prognosis. We observed a very high correlation between the measures of proliferative activity in primary and secondary tumour foci. The presence of isolated tumour deposits was identified as an important determinant of both RFS and OS for pancreatic (hazard ratio [HR] = 7.61, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.96‐14.6, P < 0.0001 for RFS; HR = 3.28, 95% CI = 1.56‐6.87, P = 0.0017 for OS) and ileal/jejunal neuroendocrine tumours (HR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.25‐3.13, P = 0.0036 for RFS and HR 2.59, 95% CI = 1.27‐5.26, P = 0.009 for OS). The present study identifies the presence of mesenterial tumour deposits as an important prognostic factor for gastro‐entero‐pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours, provides evidence that proliferative parameters need to be treated as continuous variables and further supports the importance of grade determination in all available tumour foci.
Early development of the cortical layers in the human brain
Authors: Terashima Mei , Ishikawa Aoi , Männer Jörg , Yamada Shigehito , Takakuwa Tetsuya 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe cortical plate (CP) first appears at seven postconceptional weeks (pcw), when it splits the preexisting preplate into two layers, the marginal zone and the presubplate (pSP). Although three‐dimensional (3D) analysis using fetal magnetic resonance imaging and two‐dimensional tissue observations have been reported, there have been no studies analyzing the early development of the layer structure corresponding to the pSP stage in 3D. Here, we reconstructed 3‐D models of the brain with a focus on the cortical layers in pSP stage. To achieve this, we digitized serial tissue sections of embryos between CS20 and CS23 from the Kyoto Collection (n = 7, approximately 7–8.5 pcw), and specimens at early fetal phase from the Blechschmidt Collection (n = 2, approximately 9.5–12 pcw, crown rump length [CRL] 39 and 64 mm). We observed tissue sections and 3D images and performed quantitative analysis of the thickness, surface area, and volume. Because the boundary between pSP and the intermediate zone (IZ) could not be distinguished in hematoxylin and eosin‐stained sections, the two layers were analyzed together as a single layer in this study. The histology of the layers was observed from CS21 and became distinct at CS22. Subsequently, we observed the 3‐D models; pSP‐IZ was present in a midlateral region of the cerebral wall at CS21, and an expansion centered around this region was observed after CS22. We observed it over the entire cerebral hemisphere at early fetal phase (CRL 39 mm). The thickness of pSP‐IZ was visible in 3D and was greater in the midlateral region. At the end of the pSP stage (CRL 64 mm), the thick region expanded to lateral, superior, and posterior regions around the primordium of the insula. While, the region near the basal ganglia was not included in the thickest 10% of the pSP‐IZ area. Middle cerebral artery was found in the midlateral region of the cerebral wall, near the area where pSP‐IZ was observed. Feature of layer structure growth was revealed by quantitative assessment as thickness, surface area, and volume. The maximum thickness value of pSP‐IZ and CP increased significantly according to CRL, whereas the median value increased slightly. The layer structure appeared to grow and spread thin, rather than thickening during early development, which is characteristic during pSP stages. The surface area of the cerebral total tissue, CP, and pSP‐IZ increased in proportion to the square of CRL. The surface area of CP and pSP‐IZ approached that of the total tissue at the end of the pSP stage. Volume of each layer increased in proportion to the cube of CRL. pSP‐IZ and CP constituted over 50% of the total tissue in volume at the end of the pSP stages. We could visualize the growth of pSP‐IZ in 3D and quantify it during pSP stage. Our approach allowed us to observe the process of rapid expansion of pSP‐IZ from the midlateral regions of the cerebral wall, which subsequently becomes the insula.
Financial institution objectives and auto loan pricing: Evidence from the survey of consumer finances
Authors: van Rijn Jordan , Zeng Shuwei , Hellman Paul 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPrior studies of interest rate differentials between credit unions and commercial banks suffer from selection bias since they rely on data at the level of the financial institution or branch which cannot account for demand‐side or loan‐level characteristics. We improve on these studies by using household‐ and loan‐level data from the Federal Reserve's Survey of Consumer Finances from 2001 to 2019. We find that, on average, households that receive auto loans from credit unions pay 0.70 percentage points less on interest rates for new vehicles—and 1.40 percentage points less on used vehicles—relative to observably similar households that receive auto loans from banks. The aggregated savings to credit union members is larger than the estimated value of the credit union corporate income tax exemption. Nonetheless, the benefit from lower auto loan rates is likely an underestimate of the true value to consumers of credit unions' presence in the market.
A political foundation of public investment and welfare spending
Authors: Villamil Anne , Wang Xiaobing , Xue Ning 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper develops a political economy model to examine the implications of political selection under an authoritarian regime. We formalize the fiscal policy choice of local governments, focusing on two political selection mechanisms and their implications for public investment and welfare spending. A growth‐oriented promotion system induces local officials to increase public investment, which may increase output but crowd out welfare transfers. This mimics the recent investment‐driven growth in China and relatively low effort to tackle high inequality. Under a broader incentive structure, we show that it is possible for an authoritarian regime to attain the social welfare of a democracy.
The impact of indoor residual spraying on Plasmodium falciparum microsatellite variation in an area of high seasonal malaria transmission in Ghana, West Africa
Authors: Argyropoulos Dionne C. , Ruybal‐Pesántez Shazia , Deed Samantha L. , Oduro Abraham R. , Dadzie Samuel K. , Appawu Maxwell A. , Asoala Victor , Pascual Mercedes , Koram Kwadwo A. , Day Karen P. , Tiedje Kathryn E. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHere, we report the first population genetic study to examine the impact of indoor residual spraying (IRS) on Plasmodium falciparum in humans. This study was conducted in an area of high seasonal malaria transmission in Bongo District, Ghana. IRS was implemented during the dry season (November–May) in three consecutive years between 2013 and 2015 to reduce transmission and attempt to bottleneck the parasite population in humans towards lower diversity with greater linkage disequilibrium. The study was done against a background of widespread use of long‐lasting insecticidal nets, typical for contemporary malaria control in West Africa. Microsatellite genotyping with 10 loci was used to construct 392 P. falciparum multilocus infection haplotypes collected from two age‐stratified cross‐sectional surveys at the end of the wet seasons pre‐ and post‐IRS. Three‐rounds of IRS, under operational conditions, led to a >90% reduction in transmission intensity and a 35.7% reduction in the P. falciparum prevalence (p < .001). Despite these declines, population genetic analysis of the infection haplotypes revealed no dramatic changes with only a slight, but significant increase in genetic diversity (He: pre‐IRS = 0.79 vs. post‐IRS = 0.81, p = .048). Reduced relatedness of the parasite population (p < .001) was observed post‐IRS, probably due to decreased opportunities for outcrossing. Spatiotemporal genetic differentiation between the pre‐ and post‐IRS surveys (D = 0.0329 [95% CI: 0.0209 – 0.0473], p = .034) was identified. These data provide a genetic explanation for the resilience of P. falciparum to short‐term IRS programmes in high‐transmission settings in sub‐Saharan Africa.
A review of significance of Aspergillus detection in airways of ICU COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Pasquier Grégoire , Bounhiol Agathe , Robert Gangneux Florence , Zahar Jean‐Ralph , Gangneux Jean Pierre , Novara Ana , Bougnoux Marie‐Elisabeth , Dannaoui Eric 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIt is now well known that patients with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection admitted in ICU and mechanically ventilated are at risk of developing invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA). Nevertheless, symptomatology of IPA is often atypical in mechanically ventilated patients, and radiological aspects in SARS‐CoV‐2 pneumonia and IPA are difficult to differentiate. In this context, the significance of the presence of Aspergillus in airway specimens (detected by culture, galactomannan antigen or specific PCR) remains to be fully understood. To decipher the relevance of the detection of Aspergillus, we performed a comprehensive review of all published cases of respiratory Aspergillus colonisation and IPA in COVID‐19 patients. The comparison of patients receiving or not antifungal treatment allowed us to highlight the most important criteria for the decision to treat. The comparison of surviving and non‐surviving patients made it possible to unveil criteria associated with mortality that should be taken into account in the treatment decision.