bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic analysis reveals that colony housing aligns gait profiles and strengthens link between histological and micro‐CT bone markers in rat models of osteoarthritis
Authors: Chang Yu‐Mei , Menges Stephanie , Westhof Andreas , Kleinschmidt‐Doerr Kerstin , Brenneis Christian , Pitsillides Andrew A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) etiopathogenesis is complex with strong environmental/lifestyle determinants that, in laboratory animals, extend to social context and stress levels. This study seeks to identify whether colony housing of rats exerts a social impact on locomotion behaviors to influence alignment between symptomatic (gait) and structural (bone micro‐CT measures, cartilage morphometry, and histology) OA outcome measures. Rats were randomly allocated to conventional (type IV; n = 48) or rat colony cage (RCC; n = 30) housing, further randomized to OA surgical models (ACLT + tMx, MMT or DMM) or no surgery (control), and maintained for 19 weeks during which multiple gait recordings were made. Standard histological grading and bone micro‐CT data were collected at necropsy. Principal component analysis was used to summarize the variation in gait, micro‐CT or histology. Linear mixed effects model or two‐way ANOVA was employed to evaluate the impact of the housing system, surgery and time on gait, or micro‐CT and histology components Analyses reveal that RCC exaggerates trends in gait change via a combined effect of the housing system and surgery. Intriguingly, RCC‐housed nonoperated control rats showed similar gait changes to rats subjected to surgery; the latter exhibited significant structural joint changes in both systems. Stronger correlation between histological and micro‐CT bone changes were found in medial and lateral tibia joint compartments of rats housed in RCC system. This study has established that rat social housing exaggerates outcomes in traditional histological measures of OA, generates stronger links between histology and micro‐CT bone changes and removes gait differences as a variable in their etiology.
Gestational choriocarcinoma with residual lung tumor after completing treatment: a case report
Authors: Centonze Sara , Franzese Elisena , Diana Anna , Pignata Sandro , Ciardiello Fortunato , Orditura Michele 
Published: March 2021

Introduction:
Choriocarcinoma (CCA) is a malignant pregnancy-related tumor that originates from cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast cells without villi. CCA is the most metastatic form among gestational trophoblastic neoplasia and the diagnosis is often in advanted stage.

Patient concerns:
In this report, we present a rare case of CCA with lung metastasis after term pregnancy in a 41-year-old woman at 45 days after the birth of a healthy baby and discuss management of residual metastasis after completing treatment.

Diagnosis:
The diagnosis of CCA can be based on the following criteria: a human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) plateau for at least 4 values over 3 weeks, an hCG increase of 10% or greater for at least 3 values over 2 weeks, hCG persistence for 6 months or more after molar pregnancy evacuation, histopathologic diagnosis of choriocarcinoma and presence of metastatic disease.

Intervention and outcomes:
High risk patients must be treated with multiagent chemotherapy (EMA-CO schedule). The complete remission rates ranges from 69% to 86%.

Conclusion:
Residual lesions after chemotherapy are often the result of necrosis or fibrosis. In our clinical practice will avoid the risks deriving from excessive anticancer treatment in these patients, while favoring a strict follow-up strategy to monitor disease behavior in time.
Oxidative stress and senescence in social insects: a significant but inconsistent link?
Authors: Kramer Boris H. , Nehring Volker , Buttstedt Anja , Heinze Jürgen , Korb Judith , Libbrecht Romain , Meusemann Karen , Paxton Robert J. , Séguret Alice , Schaub Florentine , Bernadou Abel 
Published: March 2021

The life-prolonging effects of antioxidants have long entered popular culture, but the scientific community still debates whether free radicals and the resulting oxidative stress negatively affect longevity. Social insects are intriguing models for analysing the relationship between oxidative stress and senescence because life histories differ vastly between long-lived reproductives and the genetically similar but short-lived workers. Here, we present the results of an experiment on the accumulation of oxidative damage to proteins, and a comparative analysis of the expression of 20 selected genes commonly involved in managing oxidative damage, across four species of social insects: a termite, two bees and an ant. Although the source of analysed tissue varied across the four species, our results suggest that oxidative stress is a significant factor in senescence and that its manifestation and antioxidant defenses differ among species, making it difficult to find general patterns. More detailed and controlled investigations on why responses to oxidative stress may differ across social species may lead to a better understanding of the relations between oxidative stress, antioxidants, social life history and senescence.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Ageing and sociality: why, when and how does sociality change ageing patterns?'
Is degree of sociality associated with reproductive senescence? A comparative analysis across birds and mammals
Authors: Vágási Csongor I. , Vincze Orsolya , Lemaître Jean-François , Pap Péter L. , Ronget Victor , Gaillard Jean-Michel 
Published: March 2021

Our understanding on how widespread reproductive senescence is in the wild and how the onset and rate of reproductive senescence vary among species in relation to life histories and lifestyles is currently limited. More specifically, whether the species-specific degree of sociality is linked to the occurrence, onset and rate of reproductive senescence remains unknown. Here, we investigate these questions using phylogenetic comparative analyses across 36 bird and 101 mammal species encompassing a wide array of life histories, lifestyles and social traits. We found that female reproductive senescence: (i) is widespread and occurs with similar frequency (about two-thirds) in birds and mammals; (ii) occurs later in life and is slower in birds than in similar-sized mammals; (iii) occurs later in life and is slower with an increasingly slower pace of life in both vertebrate classes; and (iv) is only weakly associated, if any, with the degree of sociality in both classes after accounting for the effect of body size and pace of life. However, when removing the effect of species differences in pace of life, a higher degree of sociality was associated with later and weaker reproductive senescence in females, which suggests that the degree of sociality is either indirectly related to reproductive senescence via the pace of life or simply a direct outcome of the pace of life.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Ageing and sociality: why, when and how does sociality change ageing patterns?’
Factors associated with increased mortality in critically ill COVID-19 patients in a Mexican public hospital: the other faces of health system oversaturation
Authors: Guzmán Mariana Jocelyn Macías , Castillo-Gonzalez Alejandro , Gonzalez Jose Lenin Beltran , Gámez Mario González , Enciso Emanuel Antonio Mendoza , Robles Itzel Ovalle , Díaz Andrea Lucia García , Peña César Mauricio Gutiérrez , Medina Lucila Martinez , Colin Victor Antonio Monroy , Jose Manuel Arreola Guerra 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThe lethality rate of COVID-19 in Mexico is one of the highest worldwide, but in-hospital factors associated with this increased rate have yet to be explored. This study aims to evaluate those factors that could be associated with mortality at 28-days in critically ill COVID-19 patients in Mexico.METHODSThis is a retrospective analysis of the patients included in the clinical trial (NCT04381858) which recruited patients with severe COVID-19 with high oxygen requirement or mechanical ventilation from May to October 2020. The primary outcome, death at 28, was analyzed.RESULTSBetween May and October 2020, 196 predominantly male patients (n=122, 62.2%) with an average of 58.1 years (± 15.5), were included in the cohort. Mortality at 28 days was 44.3 % (n= 84). Patients included in the second trimester had a greater mortality rate when compared with those recruited in the first trimester (54.1 vs 32.1, p< 0.01). On multivariate analysis, the detected protective factors were the use of fentanyl HR 0.51 (95%CI 0.31 – 0.85, p=0.01), the use of antibiotics HR 0.22 (95% CI 0.13 – 0.36, p<0.01), and a previously healthy state (no comorbidities other than obesity) HR 0.58 (95%CI 0.35 – 0.94, p =0.03); risk factors were severe kidney injury (AKIN3) HR 1.74 (95%CI 1.04 – 2.9, p=0.035), elevated D-Dimer levels HR 1.02 (95%CI 1.007 – 1.04, p=0.005), shock OR 5.8 (2.4 – 13.8, p<0.01), and recruitment in the second trimester OR 2.3 ((1.1 – 4.8, p=0.02).CONCLUSIONSIn-hospital mortality in critically ill COVID-19 patients has increased in our center. The appropriate use of antibiotics, the type of sedation, and AKIN3 are modifiable factors directly related to this increased mortality. The increase in mortality observed in the second trimester is explained by hospital overcrowding that began in August 2020.
Detection of dementia on raw voice recordings using deep learning: A Framingham Heart Study
Authors: Xue Chonghua , Karjadi Cody , Paschalidis Ioannis Ch. , Au Rhoda , Kolachalama Vijaya B. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundIdentification of reliable, affordable, and easy-to-use strategies for detection of dementia are sorely needed. Digital technologies, such as individual voice recordings, offer an attractive modality to assess cognition but methods that could automatically analyze such data are not readily available.Methods and findingsWe used 1264 digital voice recordings of neuropsychological examinations administered to participants from the Framingham Heart Study (FHS), a community-based longitudinal observational study. The recordings were 73 minutes in duration, on average, and contained at least two speakers (participant and clinician). Of the total voice recordings, 483 were of participants with normal cognition (NC), 451 recordings were of participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 330 were of participants with dementia (DE). We developed two deep learning models (a two-level long short-term memory (LSTM) network and a convolutional neural network (CNN)), which used the raw audio recordings to classify if the recording included a participant with only NC or only DE and to differentiate between recordings corresponding to those that were non-demented (NDE (NC+MCI)) and DE. Based on 5-fold cross-validation, the LSTM model achieved a mean (±std) area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.740±0.017, mean balanced accuracy of 0.647±0.027, and mean weighted F1-score of 0.596±0.047 in predicting cases with DE from those with NC. The CNN model achieved a mean AUC of 0.805±0.027, mean balanced accuracy of 0.743±0.015, and mean weighted F1-score of 0.742±0.033 in predicting cases with DE from those with NC. For the task related to classification of participants with DE from NDE, the LSTM model achieved a mean AUC of 0.734±0.014, mean balanced accuracy of 0.675±0.013, and mean weighted F1-score of 0.671±0.015. The CNN model achieved a mean AUC of 0.746±0.021, mean balanced accuracy of 0.652±0.020, and mean weighted F1-score of 0.635±0.031 in predicting cases with DE from those who were NDE.ConclusionThis proof-of-concept study demonstrates the potential that raw audio recordings of neuropsychological testing performed on individuals recruited within a community cohort setting can facilitate dementia screening.
Sex differences in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Jiménez-Sánchez Lorena , Hamilton Olivia K. L. , Clancy Una , Backhouse Ellen V. , Stewart Catriona R. , Stringer Michael S. , Doubal Fergus N. , Wardlaw Joanna M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundCerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is an important cause of acute ischemic stroke and vascular dementia. Several studies recruiting more males than females have reported sex differences regarding SVD incidence and severity, but it is unclear whether this reflects underlying sex-specific mechanisms or recruitment bias. This work aimed to systematically review and meta-analyze potential sex differences in SVD by assessing the male-to-female ratio (M:F) of recruited participants and incidence of SVD, risk factor presence, distribution and severity of SVD features.MethodsFull text of 228 studies from four databases of recent systematic reviews on SVD and an independent search of MEDLINE were evaluated against inclusion and exclusion criteria (registered protocol: CRD42020193995). Data from participants with clinical or non-clinical presentations of SVD with radiological evidence of SVD were extracted. Sex ratios of total participants or SVD groups were calculated and differences in sex ratios across time, countries, SVD severity and risk factors for SVD were explored.ResultsAmongst 123 relevant studies (n = 36,910 participants) including 53 community-based, 67 hospital-based and 3 mixed studies, more males were recruited in hospital-based than in community-based studies (M:F = 1.16 (0.70) vs M:F = 0.79 (0.35), respectively; p <0.001). More males had moderate to severe SVD (M:F = 1.08 (0.81) vs M:F = 0.82 (0.47) in healthy to mild SVD; p <0.001), especially in stroke presentations where M:F was 1.67 (0.53). M:F of recent research (2015-2020) did not differ from that published pre-2015 and no geographical trends were apparent. There were insufficient sex-stratified data to explore M:F and risk factors for SVD.ConclusionsOur results highlight differences in male-to-female ratios in SVD that may reflect sex-specific variability in risk factor exposures, study participation, clinical recognition, genuine SVD severity, or clinical presentation and have important clinical and translational implications.
Estimation and optimal control of the multi-scale dynamics of the Covid-19
Authors: Fotsa-Mbogne David Jaurès , Tchoumi Stéphane Yanick , Kouakep-Tchaptchie Yannick , Kamla Vivient Corneille , Kamgang Jean-Claude , Houpa-Danga Duplex Elvis , Bowong-Tsakou Samuel , Bekolle David 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis work aims at a better understanding and the optimal control of the spread of the new severe acute respiratory corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We first propose a multi-scale model giving insights on the virus population dynamics, the transmission process and the infection mechanism. We consider 10 compartments in the human population in order to take into accounts the effects of different specific mitigation policies: susceptible, infected, infectious, quarantined, hospitalized, treated, recovered, non-infectious dead, infectious dead, buried. The population of viruses is also partitioned into 10 compartments corresponding respectively to each of the first nine human population compartments and the free viruses available in the environment. Indeed, we have human to human virus transmission, human to environment virus transmission, environment to human virus transmission and self infection by susceptible individuals. We show the global stability of the disease free equilibrium if a given threshold𝒯0is less or equal to 1 and we provide how to compute the basic reproduction numberℛ0. A convergence index𝒯1is also defined in order to estimate the speed at which the disease extincts and an upper bound to the time of extinction is given. The existence of the endemic equilibrium is conditional and its description is provided. We evaluate the sensitivity ofℛ0,𝒯0and𝒯1to control parameters such as the maximal human density allowed per unit of surface, the rate of disinfection both for people and environment, the mobility probability, the wearing mask probability or efficiency, and the human to human contact rate which results from the previous one. Except the maximal human density allowed per unit of surface, all those parameters have significant effects on the qualitative dynamics of the disease. The most significant is the probability of wearing mask followed by the probability of mobility and the disinfection rate. According to a functional cost taking into consideration economic impacts of SARS-CoV-2, we determine and discuss optimal fighting strategies. The study is applied to real available data from Cameroon and an estimation of model parameters is done. After several simulations, social distancing and the disinfection frequency appear as the main elements of the optimal control strategy.
How pain neuroscience education is performed in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Giovinazzi Roberta , Tamborrino Andrea , Marelli Michele , Pellicciari Leonardo , Innocenti Tiziano 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundPain Neuroscience Education (PNE) is an effective widely used strategy in the field of chronic pain management. The objective of this scoping review is to summarize the literature to identify how PNE is performed in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain.MethodsThis scoping review will be performed in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. Studies will be included if they meet the following population, concept, and context criteria: any patient with chronic musculoskeletal pain aged over 18 years old, any PNE delivery method, any context. No study design, publication type, and data restrictions will be applied. MEDLINE, Cochrane Central, Scopus, PsycInfo and PEDro databases will be searched up to March 2021. Additional records will be identified through searching in grey literature and reference lists of all relevant and included studies. Two reviewers will independently screen all title, abstracts and full-text studies for inclusion. A data collection form will be developed by the research team to extract the characteristics of the studies included. A tabular and accompanying narrative summary of the information will be provided.ConclusionsThis will be the first scoping review to provide a comprehensive overview of the topic. The results will add meaningful information for future research and clinical practice. Furthermore, any knowledge gaps on the topic will be identified. The results of this research will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and will be presented at relevant (inter)national scientific events.
Social-distancing Fatigue: Evidence from Real-time Crowd-sourced Traffic Data
Authors: Shearston Jenni A. , Martinez Micaela E. , Nunez Yanelli , Hilpert Markus 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTIntroductionTo mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic and prevent overwhelming the healthcare system, social-distancing policies such as school closure, stay-at-home orders, and indoor dining closure have been utilized worldwide. These policies function by reducing the rate of close contact within populations and results in decreased human mobility. Adherence to social distancing can substantially reduce disease spread. Thus, quantifying human mobility and social-distancing compliance, especially at high temporal resolution, can provide great insight into the impact of social distancing policies.MethodsWe used the movement of individuals around New York City (NYC), measured via traffic levels, as a proxy for human mobility and the impact of social-distancing policies (i.e., work from home policies, school closure, indoor dining closure etc.). By data mining Google traffic in real-time, and applying image processing, we derived high resolution time series of traffic in NYC. We used time series decomposition and generalized additive models to quantify changes in rush hour/non-rush hour, and weekday/weekend traffic, pre-pandemic and following the roll-out of multiple social distancing interventions.ResultsMobility decreased sharply on March 14, 2020 following declaration of the pandemic. However, levels began rebounding by approximately April 13, almost 2 months before stay-at-home orders were lifted, indicating premature increase in mobility, which we term social-distancing fatigue. We also observed large impacts on diurnal traffic congestion, such that the pre-pandemic bi-modal weekday congestion representing morning and evening rush hour was dramatically altered. By September, traffic congestion rebounded to approximately 75% of pre-pandemic levels.ConclusionUsing crowd-sourced traffic congestion data, we described changes in mobility in Manhattan, NYC, during the COVID-19 pandemic. These data can be used to inform human mobility changes during the current pandemic, in planning for responses to future pandemics, and in understanding the potential impact of large-scale traffic interventions such as congestion pricing policies.GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
An increase in willingness to vaccinate against COVID-19 in the US between October 2020 and February 2021: longitudinal evidence from the Understanding America Study
Authors: Daly Michael , Jones Andrew , Robinson Eric 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundRecent evidence suggests that willingness to vaccinate against COVID-19 has been declining throughout the pandemic and is low among ethnic minority groups.MethodsObservational study using a nationally representative longitudinal sample (N =7,840) from the Understanding America Study (UAS). Changes in the percentage of respondents willing to vaccinate, undecided, or intending to refuse a COVID-19 vaccine were examined over 20 survey waves from April 1 2020 to February 15 2021.ResultsAfter a sharp decline in willingness to vaccinate against COVID-19 between April and October 2020 (from 74.0% to 52.7%), willingness to vaccinate increased by 8.1% (p <.001) to 60.8% between October 2020 and February 2021. A significant increase in willingness to vaccinate was observed across all demographic groups examined and Black (15.6% increase) and Hispanic participants (12.1% increase) showed particularly large changes.ConclusionsWillingness to vaccinate against COVID-19 increased in the US from October 2020 to February 2021.Funding statementN/A
Sexual violence in older adults: a Belgian prevalence study
Authors: Nobels Anne , Inescu Adina Cismaru , Nisen Laurent , Hahaut Bastien , Beaulieu Marie , Lemmens Gilbert , Adam Stéphane , Schapansky Evelyn , Vandeviver Christophe , Keygnaert Ines 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundSexual violence (SV) is an important public health problem which may cause long-lasting health problems. SV in older adults remains neglected in research, policies and practices. Valid SV prevalence estimates and associated risk factors in older adults are currently unavailable.ObjectiveTo measure lifetime and past 12-months sexual victimisation in older adults living in Belgium, its correlates, assailant characteristics and the way that victims framed their SV experiences.DesignCross-sectional general population study.SettingCommunity-dwelling, assisted living and nursing homes.Participants513 people of 70 years and older living in Belgium.MethodsSV was measured using behaviourally specific questions based on a broad definition of SV. Participants were selected via a cluster random probability sampling with a random route finding approach. Information on sexual victimisation, correlates, assailant characteristics and framing was collected via structured face-to-face interviews.ResultsLifetime SV prevalence was 44% (55% F, 29% M). Past 12-months prevalence was 8% (9% F, 8% M). Female sex and a higher number of sexual partners were associated with lifetime SV (p <.05), non-heterosexual sexual orientation with past 12-months SV (p <.05). Correlates generally linked to elder abuse and neglect were not linked with SV. ‘Someone unknown’ was identified as most common assailant.ConclusionsSV appears to be common in older adults in Belgium. Both correlates and assailant characteristics seem to differ from previous studies on elder abuse and neglect. Recognising older adults as a risk group for sexual victimisation in research, policies and practices is of the utmost importance.