bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of protein sources and inclusion levels on nitrogen metabolism and urea kinetics of Nellore feedlot steers fed concentrate-based diets
Authors: Carneiro de Souza Vinícius , Duarte Messana Juliana , Darlisson Batista Erick , Larissa Gomes Carvalho Alves Kênia , Titgemeyer Evan C , Vaz Pires Alexandre , Vinícius Ferraz Junior Marcos , Galoro Silva Lorrayny , Alberto Negrão João , Eliodoro Costa Vladimir , Generoso Ganga Maria Júlia , Detogni Colovate Paulo Henrique , Teresinha Berchielli Telma 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Urea recycling occurs in all mammalian species and represents an important source of ruminal nitrogen (N) for ruminants fed protein-restricted diets. However, its importance for cattle fed adequate amounts of protein and energy remains unclear. Six Nellore feedlot steers fed concentrate-based diets were used in a 6 × 6 Latin square design with a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments to evaluate ruminal fermentation, urea kinetics, and N excretion. Treatments consisted of 3 protein sources (PS: soybean meal plus urea [SU], corn gluten meal [CGM], and dry distillers grains [DDG]) and 2 inclusion levels (PL; 11% and 14%). Steers were adapted to the diets for 14 d followed by 8 d of sample collection. Feed intake, fecal output, and urine production were measured from day 18 to day 22 of each period. Blood samples were collected every 6 h on day 18. [15N-15N]-urea was infused into the jugular vein for 82 h over day 19 to day 22, and measurement of 15N in background (day 18) and enriched feces and urine (day 21) were used to evaluate urea kinetics. To evaluate the incorporation of recycled urea N into microbial protein (MICP), ruminal and duodenal fluid were collected on day 22. Steers fed SU diets had lower (P &lt; 0.05) nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), greater (P &lt; 0.05) urea-N entry rate (UER), and tended (P &lt; 0.10) to have greater gastrointestinal entry rate of urea-N (GER) compared with those fed CGM or DDG. In addition, steers fed SU had greater (P &lt; 0.05) urea-N returned to ornithine cycle (ROC) compared with those fed CGM or DDG. Increasing PL tended (P &lt; 0.10) to increase UER. The proportion of total microbial N from recycled urea-N was greater (P &lt; 0.05) for steers fed CGM compared with those fed SU and also greater for steers fed diets with 11% CP than for those fed with 14% CP. Diets with 11% CP can be used for Nellore feedlot cattle fed concentrate-based diets without negatively affecting intake, digestibility, and ruminal fermentation. Moreover, diets containing rumen undegradable protein (RUP) feed sources (CGM or DDG) compared with diets with SU markedly increased NUE, while maintaining microbial protein (MICP) synthesis. Results from this study suggest that the equation adopted by NASEM (NASEM. 2016. Nutrient requirements of beef cattle. 8th revised ed. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press) was not accurate in estimating the urea-N used for anabolism (UUA) in Nellore feedlot cattle fed concentrate-based diets.
Wildfire Burn Patients: A Unique Population
Authors: Stokes Sarah C , Romanowski Kathleen S , Sen Soman , Greenhalgh David G , Palmieri Tina L 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn the past 10 years, wildfires have burned an average of 6.8 million acres per year and this is expected to increase with climate change. Wildfire burn patient outcomes have not been previously well characterized. Wildfire burn patients from the Tubbs or Camp wildfires and non-wildfire burn-matched controls were identified from the burn center database and outcomes were compared. The primary outcome was mortality. Secondary outcomes included length of stay (LOS), intensive care unit (ICU) LOS, readmission, and development of wound infections. Time of presentation and operating room use after wildfires was evaluated. Sixteen wildfire burn patients were identified and matched with 32 controls. Wildfire burn patients trended toward higher mortality (19% wildfire vs 9% non-wildfire, P = .386), longer LOS (18 days wildfire vs 15 days non-wildfire, P = .406), longer ICU LOS (17 days wildfire vs 11 days non-wildfire, P = .991), increased readmission (19% wildfire vs 3% non-wildfire, P = .080), and higher rates of wound infection (31% wildfire vs 19% non-wildfire, P = .468). The majority of wildfire patients (88%) presented within 24 hours of the wildfire reaching a residential area. Operating room time within the first week was 13 hours 44 minutes for the Tubbs Fire and 19 hours 1 minute for the Camp Fire. Patients who sustain burns in wildfires are potentially at increased risk of mortality, prolonged LOS, wound infection, and readmission.
In the Eye of the Beholder: The Interplay of Numeracy and Fluency in Consumer Response to 99-Ending Prices
Authors: Hodges Brady T , Chen Haipeng (Allan) 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Across three laboratory studies, a biometric eye tracking and facial recognition experiment, and a secondary data analysis, we reveal the unique interaction of consumer numeracy and numerical processing fluency as a significant determinant of consumer response to 99-ending prices. We argue that less numerate individuals create mental analog representations around 99-ending prices’ left digits, whereas highly numerate individuals encode 99-ending prices as their one-cent neighbor, with consumers responding more favorably to prices when they mentally encode them around a fluent number. Specifically, highly numerate individuals respond more favorably when 99-ending prices (e.g., 17.99) border a fluent number (i.e., 18). Conversely, less numerate individuals respond more favorably when 99-ending prices (e.g., 16.99) contain fluent left digits (i.e., 16). We provide empirical evidence for the effects of this processing difference on liking, purchase intentions, and actual sales. We also obtain evidence for the underlying process using eye tracking and facial recognition that reveals that highly (vs. less) numerate individuals exhibit less anxiety when processing multi-digit prices, and consequently fixate sooner, more frequently, and for longer durations on the right digits of a price. The findings contribute significantly to the price processing literature and yield substantial managerial implications.
Forced Egg Laying Method to Establish F1 Progeny from Field Populations and Laboratory Strains of Anopheles Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Thailand
Authors: Panthawong Amonrat , Sukkanon Chutipong , Ngoen-Klan Ratchadawan , Hii Jeffrey , Chareonviriyaphap Theeraphap 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Successful monitoring of physiological resistance of malaria vectors requires about 150 female mosquitoes for a single set of tests. In some situations, the sampling effort is insufficient due to the low number of field-caught mosquitoes. To address this challenge, we demonstrate the feasibility of using the forced oviposition method for producing F1 from field-caught Anopheles mosquitoes. A total of 430 and 598 gravid Anopheles females from four laboratory strains and five field populations, respectively, were tested. After blood feeding, gravid mosquitoes were individually introduced into transparent plastic vials, containing moistened cotton balls topped with a 4 cm2 piece of filter paper. The number of eggs, hatching larvae, pupation, and adult emergence were recorded daily. The mean number of eggs per female mosquito ranged from 39.3 for Anopheles cracens to 93.6 for Anopheles dirus in the laboratory strains, and from 36.3 for Anopheles harrisoni to 147.6 for Anopheles barbirostris s.l. in the field populations. A relatively high egg hatching rate was found in An. dirus (95.85%), Anopheles minimus (78.22%), and An. cracens (75.59%). Similarly, a relatively high pupation rate was found for almost all test species ranging from 66% for An. minimus to 98.7% for Anopheles maculatus, and lowest for An. harrisoni (43.9%). Highly successful adult emergence rate was observed among 85–100% of pupae that emerged in all tested mosquito populations. The in-tube forced oviposition method is a promising method for the production of sufficient F1 progeny for molecular identification, vector competence, insecticide resistance, and bioassay studies.
Seasonality regulates the effects of resource addition on plant diversity and ecosystem functioning in semi-arid grassland
Authors: Xu Feng-Wei , Li Jian-Jun , Su Ji-Shuai , Lu Xiao-Ming , Wang Yang , Wu Li-Ji , Wang Chao-Nan , Chen Di-Ma , Bai Yong-Fei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimsSeasonal variations in species richness, aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) and stability under resource enrichment are frequently ignored. This study explores how the impacts of resource enrichment on species richness, ANPP and stability vary among seasons in semi-arid grasslands.MethodsWe conducted a 3-year experiment in an Inner Mongolia grassland to determine the effects of resource input (water [W], nitrogen [N]) on species richness, community ANPP and stability using seasonal sampling during the growing season (2013–2015). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine the relative importance of resource input on community stability via mechanistic pathways in each month and the whole growing season.Important FindingsResource inputs did not affect community ANPP in May and June, while N and/or NW enhanced ANPP in July and August. Resource inputs generally did not affect species richness, asynchrony or community stability in most of the time. Positive responses of perennial bunchgrasses (PB) to N and/or NW treatments contributed to the increased community ANPP in July and August. Species asynchrony may be the major mechanism contributing to community stability in May and June and the entire growing season, and PB stability is potentially the primary factor controlling community stability in July and August under resource enrichment. Our results indicate that season and resource availability could interact to regulate species richness, community ANPP and stability in semi-arid grasslands. These findings have important implications for management practices in semi-arid grasslands in order to mitigate the impact of land use and global change.
Dry Needling Versus Trigger Point Injection for Neck Pain Symptoms Associated with Myofascial Trigger Points: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Navarro-Santana Marcos J , Sanchez-Infante Jorge , Gómez-Chiguano Guido F , Cleland Joshua A , Fernández-de-las-Peñas César , Martín-Casas Patricia , Plaza-Manzano Gustavo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objective
To examine the effects of dry needling against trigger point (TrP) injections (wet needling) applied to TrPs associated with neck pain.

Methods
Electronic databases were searched for randomized clinical trials in which dry needling was compared with TrP injections (wet needling) applied to neck muscles and in which outcomes on pain or pain-related disability were collected. Secondary outcomes consisted of pressure pain thresholds, cervical mobility, and psychological factors. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool, the Physiotherapy Evidence Database score, and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach were used.

Results
Six trials were included. TrP injection reduced pain intensity (mean difference [MD ] –2.13, 95% confidence interval [CI] –3.22 to –1.03) with a large effect size (standardized mean difference [SMD] –1.46, 95% CI –2.27 to –0.65) as compared with dry needling. No differences between TrP injection and dry needling were found for pain-related disability (MD 0.9, 95% CI –3.09 to 4.89), pressure pain thresholds (MD 25.78 kPa, 95% CI –6.43 to 57.99 kPa), cervical lateral-flexion (MD 2.02°, 95% CI –0.19° to 4.24°), or depression (SMD –0.22, 95% CI –0.85 to 0.41). The risk of bias was low, but the heterogenicity and imprecision of results downgraded the evidence level.

Conclusion
Low evidence suggests a superior effect of TrP injection (wet needling) for decreasing pain of cervical muscle TrPs in the short term as compared with dry needling. No significant effects on other outcomes (very low-quality evidence) were observed.

Level of Evidence
Therapy, level 1a.
Political Distinctiveness and Diversity Among LGBT Americans
Authors: Jones Philip Edward 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAt least partly due to data limitations, academic analyses of public opinion rarely acknowledge lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) identities. Our models of political attitudes almost always overlook respondents’ sexual orientation and gender identities, and targeted research on the views of LGBT people is uncommon. This omission has obscured both the distinctiveness of LGBT Americans and the diversity within the group. Using recent large-N surveys, this article shows that LGBT Americans are distinctively liberal compared to otherwise similar straight and cisgender respondents—in their general political predispositions, electoral choices, and attitudes on a wide range of policy matters. At the same time, there is substantial diversity within the community—bisexual and transgender respondents are frequently less liberal than lesbians and gay men. Analysis of intersecting identities reveals substantial differences between bisexual men and bisexual women, but little evidence of diversity based on gender within lesbian/gay and transgender subgroups. Given these findings, public opinion scholars should routinely incorporate measures of LGBT identities in their analyses, alongside race, gender, class, and other politically salient respondent characteristics.
Public health workers’ knowledge, attitude and practice regarding COVID-19: the impact of Field Epidemiology Training Program in the Eastern Mediterranean Region
Authors: Samy Sahar , Lami Faris , Rashak Hiba Abdulrahman , Al Nsour Mohannad , Eid Alaa , Khader Yousef S , Afifi Salma , Elfadul Maisa , Ghaleb Yasser , Letaief Hajer , Alaya Nissaf Ben , Ikram Aamer , Akhtar Hashaam , Barkia Abdelaziz , Taha Hana Ahmad , Adam Reema , Saeed Khwaja Mir Islam , Almudarra Sami S , Hassany Mohamed , El Sood Hanaa Abu , ur Rahman Fazal , Saaed Falah Abdul-kader , Hlaiwah Mohammed Sameer 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
This study aimed to compare knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) regarding COVID-19 between public health workers (PHWs) attended field epidemiology training program (FETP-trained) and those who did not attend FETP (non-FETP trained).

Methods
Multi-country cross-sectional survey was conducted among PHWs who participated in COVID-19 pandemic in 10 countries at EMR. Online questionnaire that included demographic information, KAP regarding COVID-19 pandemic was distributed among HCWs. Scoring system was used to quantify the answers, bivariate and Multivariate analysis performed to compare FETP-trained with non-FETP trained PHWs.

Results
Overall, 1337 PHWs participated, with 835 (62.4%) &lt; 40 years of age, and 851 (63.6%) males. Of them, 423 (31.6%) had FETP, including that 189 (44.7%) had advanced level, 155 (36.6%) intermediate and 79 (18.7%) basic level training. Compared with non-FETP trained, FETP trained were older, having higher KAP scores. FETP participation was low in infection control, and PH laboratories. KAP mean scores for intermediate level attendees are comparable to advanced level.

Conclusions
FETP-trained are having better KAP than non-FETP PHWs. Expanding the intermediate level, maintain the Rapid Response training and introduce the laboratory component are recommended to maximize the benefit from FETP. Infection control, antimicrobial resistance and coordination are areas where training should include.
Exchange Rate Exposure and Firm Dynamics
Authors: Salomao Juliana , Varela Liliana 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This article develops a heterogeneous firm-dynamics model to jointly study firms’ currency debt composition and investment choices. In our model, foreign currency borrowing arises from a dynamic trade-off between exposure to currency risk and growth. The model endogenously generates selection of productive firms into foreign currency borrowing. Among them, firms with high marginal product of capital use foreign loans more intensively. We assess econometrically the model’s predicted pattern of foreign currency borrowing using firm-level census data from the deregulation of these loans in Hungary, calibrate the model, and quantify the aggregate impact of this financing. Our counterfactual exercises show that understanding the characteristics of firms borrowing in foreign currency is critical to assess the aggregate consequences of this financing.
ASSESSMENT OF ANNUAL EFFECTIVE DOSE DUE TO INHALATION AND INGESTION OF RADON FROM GROUNDWATER AT THE SOUTHEAST COASTAL AREA, BANGLADESH
Authors: Deeba Farah , Rahman Syed Hafizur , Kabir Mohammad Zafrul 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Naturally occurring radon-222 was evaluated for its use in estimating annual effective dose exposure in groundwater samples of the southeast coastal area of Bangladesh. On-site radon concentration was measured in groundwater using AlphaGUARD PQ2000 PRO (Saphymo, Germany) radon monitor. The measured values range 0.36–15.70 Bq per l, which lies within the safe limit of 4–40 Bq per l recommended by UNSCEAR. On the contrary, few samples show radon concentration above the safe limit of 11.1 Bq per l recommended by USEPA. The mean annual effective doses due to ingestion and inhalation resulting from radon in groundwater vary from 0.99 to 42.87 μSv per y with an average value of 12.45 μSv per y, which is far below the safe limit 100 μSv per y recommended by WHO and EU. Results reveal that there is no significant public health hazard due to radon ingestion and inhalation from groundwater in the study area.
Classic and Novel Histopathologic Risk Factors for Lymph Node Metastasis in T1 Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Dykstra Mark A. , Gimon Tamara I. , Ronksley Paul E. , Buie W. Donald , MacLean Anthony R. 
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND:
Treatment of endoscopically resected T1 colorectal cancers is based on the risk of lymph node metastasis. Risk is based on histopathologic features, although there is lack of consensus as to what constitutes high-risk features.

OBJECTIVE:
The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of histopathologic risk factors for lymph node metastasis.

DATA SOURCES:
A search of MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane controlled register of trials for risk factors for lymph node metastasis was performed from inception until August 2018.

STUDY SELECTION:
Included patients must have had an oncologic resection to confirm lymph node status and reported at least 1 histopathologic risk factor.

INTERVENTION:
Rates of lymph node positivity were compared between patients with and without risk factors.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
We report the results of the meta-analysis as ORs.

RESULTS:
Of 8592 citations, 60 met inclusion criteria. Pooled analyses found that lymphovascular invasion, vascular invasion, neural invasion, and poorly differentiated histology were significantly associated with lymph node metastasis, as were depths of 1000 µm (OR = 2.76), 1500 µm (OR = 4.37), 2000 µm (OR = 2.37), submucosal level 3 depth (OR = 3.08), and submucosal level 2/3 (OR = 3.08) depth. Depth of 3000 µm, Haggitt level 4, and widths of 3000 µm and 4000 µm were not significantly associated with lymph node metastasis. Tumor budding (OR = 4.99) and poorly differentiated clusters (OR = 14.61) were also significantly associated with lymph node metastasis.

LIMITATIONS:
Included studies reported risk factors independently, making it impossible to examine the additive metastasis risk in patients with numerous risk factors.

CONCLUSIONS:
We identified 1500 μm as the depth most significantly associated with lymph node metastasis. Novel factors tumor budding and poorly differentiated clusters were also significantly associated with lymph node metastasis. These findings should help inform guidelines regarding risk stratification of T1 tumors and prompt additional investigation into the exact contribution of poorly differentiated clusters to lymph node metastasis.
A systematic review on the management of pruritus in patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
Authors: Farrah Georgia , Spruijt Odette , McCormack Chris , Buelens Odette , Lazarakis Smaro , Prince Miles 
Published: June 2021

Introduction:
Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs) represent a rare group of primary cutaneous lymphomas. Pruritus is common in patients with CTCL and is severe and intractable in the subtypes Sézary syndrome (SS) and folliculotropic mycosis fungoides (MF).

Materials and methods:
We conducted a systematic review on interventions demonstrating efficacy in reducing pruritus in patients with CTCL. The primary aim of our study was to identify disease-directed and itch-directed therapies effective in reducing CTCL-associated pruritus. Our secondary aim was to outline various tools used to quantify itch in clinical studies.

Results:
Our study identified multiple disease-directed therapies effective in reducing CTCL-associated pruritus. Most evidence supported the use of histone deacetylase inhibitors. For the agents romidepsin, vorinostat, and quisinostat, reduction in pruritus was achieved in both disease responders and nonresponders. Various therapies were effective in managing pruritus associated with SS and folliculotropic MF. Vorinostat is effective in reducing pruritus in patients with SS. Extracorporeal photophoresis, total skin electron beam therapy, and romidepsin are effective in reducing pruritus in patients with folliculotropic MF. The antiemetic aprepitant is an effective targeted treatment of CTCL-associated pruritus. Aprepitant demonstrated efficacy in reducing pruritus in patients with all stages of MF, including patients with SS. Lignocaine administered via continuous subcutaneous infusion is effective in reducing pruritus in patients with advanced-stage MF, including patients with SS. The most frequently used tools to quantify itch were the Visual Analogue Scale and Numerical Rating Scale. Definitions of a significant reduction in pruritus were extremely varied between studies.

Discussion:
To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review specifically addressing the management of itch in patients with CTCL. Patients with all stages of CTCL were represented across included studies, including patients with folliculotropic MF and SS. A wide range of treatment options were identified, including options appropriate for patients with end-stage disease.