bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solar-cycle Variations of South Atlantic Anomaly Proton Intensities Measured with the PAMELA Mission
Authors: Bruno A. , Martucci M. , Cafagna F. S. , Sparvoli R. , Adriani O. , Barbarino G. C. , Bazilevskaya G. A. , Bellotti R. , Boezio M. , Bogomolov E. A. , Bongi M. , Bonvicini V. , Campana D. , Carlson P. , Casolino M. , Castellini G. , De Santis C. , Galper A. M. , Koldashov S. V. , Koldobskiy S. , Kvashnin A. N. , Lenni A. , Leonov A. A. , Malakhov V. V. , Marcelli L. , Marcelli N. , Mayorov A. G. , Menn W. , Mergè M. , Mocchiutti E. , Monaco A. , Mori N. , Mikhailov V. V. , Munini R. , Osteria G. , Panico B. , Papini P. , Pearce M. , Picozza P. , Ricci M. , Ricciarini S. B. , Simon M. , Sotgiu A. , Spillantini P. , Stozhkov Y. I. , Vacchi A. , Vannuccini E. , Vasilyev G. I. , Voronov S. A. , Yurkin Y. T. , Zampa G. , Zampa N. , Zharaspayev T. R. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We present a study of the solar-cycle variations of >80 MeV proton flux intensities in the lower edge of the inner radiation belt, based on the measurements of the Payload for Antimatter Matter Exploration and Light-nuclei Astrophysics (PAMELA) mission. The analyzed data sample covers an ∼8 yr interval from 2006 July to 2014 September, thus spanning from the decaying phase of the 23rd solar cycle to the maximum of the 24th cycle. We explored the intensity temporal variations as a function of drift shell and proton energy, also providing an explicit investigation of the solar modulation effects at different equatorial pitch angles. PAMELA observations offer new important constraints for the modeling of low-altitude particle radiation environment at the highest trapping energies.
X-Ray Luminosity of Decades-old Supernovae
Authors: Ramakrishnan Vandana , Dwarkadas Vikram V. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The transition from supernovae (SNe) to supernova remnants (SNRs) remains poorly understood, given the age gap between well-studied examples of the two. In order to bridge this gap, we analyzed archival Chandra data for some of the oldest supernovae detected in X-rays, in order to extend their light curves out to late times. We fitted the spectra with thermal models. All the SNe with multiple X-ray data points were found to have similar X-ray luminosity, which was decreasing with time. The X-ray luminosity will likely continue to decrease while the SNe are evolving in a wind medium, but is anticipated to increase in the Sedov phase when the SNe are interacting with a constant density interstellar medium, bringing it in line with observed SNRs
Le clivage religieux/séculier dans la France contemporaine
Authors: Portier Philippe 
Published: August 2021

Élaborée par James D. Hunter au début des années 1990, la théorie américaine de la polarisation repose sur le principe d’un clivage profond sur le terrain axiologique et politique entre les citoyens religieux et les citoyens séculiers, en ajoutant que les croyants des différents cultes partagent désormais les mêmes combats. Cette contribution vise à s’interroger sur la possibilité d’appliquer cette théorie à la société française. En appui sur des données quantitatives, elle apporte une réponse nuancée. Sans doute peut-on repérer, notamment pour les enjeux relatifs à la gestion de l’intime, une opposition cardinale entre les systèmes de valeurs des citoyens séculiers et ceux des citoyens religieux. Cette partition ne vaut cependant pas sur toutes les questions, et notamment sur les questions sociales. Faut-il alors substituer à la polarisation le paradigme de l’individualisation ? L’analyse fait prévaloir celui de la communalisation, issu de la sociologie de Max Weber.
Severe Inflammatory Reactions in Mice Expressing a GFI1P2A Mutant Defective in Binding to the Histone Demethylase KDM1A (LSD1)
Authors: Fraszczak Jennifer , Arman Kaifee Mohammad , Lacroix Marion , Vadnais Charles , Gaboury Louis , Möröy Tarik 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
GFI1 is a DNA-binding transcription factor that regulates hematopoiesis by repressing target genes through its association with complexes containing histone demethylases such as KDM1A (LSD1) and histone deacetylases (HDACs). To study the consequences of the disruption of the complex between GFI1 and histone-modifying enzymes, we have used knock-in mice harboring a P2A mutation in GFI1 coding region that renders it unable to bind LSD1 and associated histone-modifying enzymes such as HDACs. GFI1P2A mice die prematurely and show increased numbers of memory effector and regulatory T cells in the spleen accompanied by a severe systemic inflammation with high serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β and overexpression of the gene encoding the cytokine oncostatin M (OSM). We identified lung alveolar macrophages, CD8 T cell from the spleen and thymic eosinophils, and monocytes as the sources of these cytokines in GFI1P2A mice. Chromatin immunoprecipitation showed that GFI1/LSD1 complexes occupy sites at the Osm promoter and an intragenic region of the Tnfα gene and that a GFI1P2A mutant still remains bound at these sites even without LSD1. Methylation and acetylation of histone H3 at these sites were enriched in cells from GFI1P2A mice, the H3K27 acetylation being the most significant. These data suggest that the histone modification facilitated by GFI1 is critical to control inflammatory pathways in different cell types, including monocytes and eosinophils, and that a disruption of GFI1-associated complexes can lead to systemic inflammation with fatal consequences.
Lymph Node Stromal Cell–Intrinsic MHC Class II Expression Promotes MHC Class I–Restricted CD8 T Cell Lineage Conversion to Regulatory CD4 T Cells
Authors: Honan Amanda M , Vazquez Emily N , Chen Zhibin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
MHC class I (MHC-I)–restricted CD4+ T cells have long been discovered in the natural repertoire of healthy humans as well as patients with autoimmune diseases or cancer, but the exact origin of these cells remains to be fully characterized. In mouse models, mature peripheral CD8+ T cells have the potential to convert to CD4+ T cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes. This conversion can produce a unique population of MHC-I–restricted CD4+ T cells including Foxp3+ regulatory T cells termed MHC-I–restricted CD4+Foxp3+ T (CI-Treg) cells. In this study we examined the cellular and molecular elements that promote CD8-to-CD4 lineage conversion and the development of CI-Treg cells in mice. Using adoptive transfer and bone marrow chimera experiments, we found that the differentiation of CI-Treg cells was driven by lymph node stromal cell (LNSC)-intrinsic MHC-II expression as opposed to transcytosis of MHC-II from bone marrow–derived APCs. The lineage conversion was accompanied by Runx3 versus ThPOK transcriptional switch. This finding of a new role for LNSCs in vivo led us to develop an efficient tissue culture method using LNSCs to generate and expand CI-Treg cells in vitro. CI-Treg cells expanded in vitro with LNSCs effectively suppressed inflammatory tissue damage caused by pathogenic CD4+ T cells in mouse models of colitis. This study identified a novel role of MHC-II expressed by LNSCs in immune regulation and the potential utilization of LNSCs to generate novel subsets of immune regulatory cells for therapeutic applications.
Fc Galactosylation Promotes Hexamerization of Human IgG1, Leading to Enhanced Classical Complement Activation
Authors: van Osch Thijs L J , Nouta Jan , Derksen Ninotska I L , van Mierlo Gerard , van der Schoot C Ellen , Wuhrer Manfred , Rispens Theo , Vidarsson Gestur 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Human IgG contains one evolutionarily conserved N-linked glycan in its Fc region at position 297. This glycan is crucial for Fc-mediated functions, including its induction of the classical complement cascade. This is induced after target recognition through the IgG–Fab regions, allowing neighboring IgG–Fc tails to associate through Fc:Fc interaction, ultimately leading to hexamer formation. This hexamerization seems crucial for IgG to enable efficient interaction with the globular heads of the first complement component C1q and subsequent complement activation. In this study, we show that galactose incorporated in the IgG1–Fc enhances C1q binding, C4, C3 deposition, and complement-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in human erythrocytes and Raji cells. IgG1–Fc sialylation slightly enhanced binding of C1q, but had little effect on downstream complement activation. Using various mutations that decrease or increase hexamerization capacity of IgG1, we show that IgG1–Fc galactosylation has no intrinsic effect on C1q binding to IgG1, but enhances IgG1 hexamerization potential and, thereby, complement activation. These data suggest that the therapeutic potential of Abs can be amplified without introducing immunogenic mutations, by relatively simple glycoengineering.
BV6 enhances apoptosis in Lung cancer cells by ameliorating caspase expressions through attenuation of XIAP, cIAP-1, and cIAP-2 proteins
Authors: Ahmad Irfan , Dera Ayed A , Irfan Safia , Rajagopalan Prasanna , Ali Beg Mirza Masroor , Alshahrani Mohammad Y , Mir Mushtaq Ahmad , Abohashrh Mohammed , Alam Mohammad Mahtab , Wahab Shadma , Verma Amit Kumar , Srivastava Saurabh 
Published: August 2021

Objective:
The present study aimed to investigate the inhibitory role of second mitochondria determined activator of caspases mimetic on inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) and regulation of caspases in nonsmall cell lung cancer cell line.

Materials and Methods:
Dimethyl sulfoxide and 3-(4, 5-dimethyl thizol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was done to determine the IC50 of BV6 using NCI-H23 cell line. The levels of mRNA of X-linked IAP (XIAP), cellular IAP (cIAP-1), cIAP-2, caspase-6, and caspase-7 in H23 cell line were evaluated by a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, while their protein expressions were tested using western blotting.

Results:
Two doses of BV6 dependently downregulated the expression of mRNA of XIAP (P = 0.002, P= 0.0003 vs. untreated), cIAP-1 (P = 0.05, P = 0.005 vs. untreated), and cIAP-2 (P = 0.001, P = 0.0002 vs. untreated), respectively, while the compound upregulated the mRNA expression of caspase-6 (P = 0.001, P < 0.0001 vs. untreated) and caspase-7 (P = 0.001, P = 0.0004 vs. untreated), respectively. Dose dependent of BV6 treatment significantly decreased the protein level of XIAP (P = 0.003, P = 0.007 vs. untreated), cIAP-1 (P = 0.02, P = 0.01 vs. untreated), and cIAP-2 (P = 0.008,P = 0.008 vs. untreated), respectively. However, the compound increased the protein level of caspase-6 and caspase-7 when compared to untreated control (P = 0.006,P = 0.001) and (P = 0.01, P = 0.001), respectively.

Conclusions:
The result showed that BV6 treatment reduced the level of mRNA of XIAP, cIAP-1, and cIAP-2 and increased the gene expression of caspase-6 and caspase-7 in NCI-H23 cell line. Therefore, the study revealed that BV6 could be used in future as additional therapeutics in lung cancer.
Spectrum of Echocardiographic Findings in Coronavirus Disease-2019 Patients
Authors: Dutta Soumya Kanti , Roy Bidyut , Das Rakesh , Mandal Sankar Chandra , Sahu Sulagna , Bandopadhyay Manimoy , Paul Kaushik , Ghosh Sandipan 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Although coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is predominantly a respiratory disease, cardiac involvement occurs commonly, especially in those with more severe illness. Echocardiography is the preferred imaging modality for diagnosing cardiac involvement in COVID-19. However, there are currently no data to describe echocardiographic abnormalities in Indian patients with COVID-19.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional observational analysis was performed among adult patients admitted to a tertiary care center between May 2020 and August 2020. Patients were included if they underwent transthoracic echocardiography during the hospitalization after a positive reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction diagnosis for COVID-19 pneumonia. Demographic and clinical data were obtained and analyzed along with echocardiographic data.

Results:
During the study period, consecutive 245 patients were evaluated with echocardiography, of whom 11 were excluded due to nondiagnostic images. The remaining 234 (mean age 57 ± 16 years, 71.7% of men) were included in this analysis. All patients were admitted to intensive care unit or high-dependency unit. Right ventricular (RV) dilatation and/or dysfunction (37%) was the most common finding, followed by left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic dysfunction (27.7% and 23.1%, respectively). Pericardial effusion was present in 12% of cases. A total of 49 (20.9%) patients had preexisting LV systolic dysfunction (LVSD). After excluding them, the LVSD and LV diastolic dysfunction were observed in 8.6% and 2.7% of patients, respectively.

Conclusions:
This study demonstrates that RV dilatation/dysfunction is the most common echocardiographic abnormality in hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19. Further, larger, multicentric studies with systematic data collection and comparison with non-COVID patients are needed to determine the true incidence of echocardiographic abnormalities in COVID-19.
Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Regarding Oral and Dental Hygiene among Dental Outpatients in Central India
Authors: Mahore Rakesh Kumar , Gupta Vikas , Panika Ram Kumar 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Orodental diseases present a major public health problem. About 90% of schoolchildren worldwide and most adults have experienced caries, with the disease. Little is known about oral and dental health attitudes and behaviors and practices among people from developing countries and especially, in this part of our country.

Aims:
The present study was carried out with an aim to assess the knowledge attitude and practices in oral and dental hygiene in patients attending the dentistry outpatient department.

Materials and Methods:
This hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted during 2019 among 426 patients visiting the outpatient department of dentistry. A pretested, predesigned, standardized questionnaire was used to collect data. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Ethical Committee prior to the conduct of the study. Collected data were entered into the MS Excel spreadsheet and analysis was carried out using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows at a 5% level of significance.

Results:
Only 18.3% of participants were aware that a minimum of two times per day brushing of teeth is essential and nearly one-third of subjects (32.4%) disagreed with the fact that dental problems can lead to other health problems/systemic illness. More than half of subjects (52.1%) were using self-medication (pain killer/clove/clove oil/) as a primary approach to dental problems and was significantly associated with age and gender education (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
In the present study, more than half of the study subjects visited dentist only when they had dental problems. Public awareness programs should be run involving health workers, nurses, medical, and paramedical students.
Assessment of Personal Hygiene and Morbidity Pattern among Primary Schoolchildren in a Rural Coal-Field Area of West Bengal, India
Authors: Maji Baisakhi , Samanta Sumana 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Foundations of lifelong responsibility for maintenance of good health are laid down in childhood. School is the best place where information regarding hygiene, environment, and sanitation, as well as social customs, should be conveyed.

Materials and Methods:
Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in August–September 2017 at the rural coal-field area of Raniganj in Paschim Burdwan district of West Bengal, India. One government undertaken Bengali medium primary school was selected by SRS among 45 primary schools in Raniganj block area. After complete enumeration, the sample size became 106. Data were collected by interview of parents and children as well as observation of personal hygiene among children. A predesigned, pretested, and structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used. The questionnaire consisted of sociodemographic information, illness during last 15 days, assessment of nutritional status according to the WHO grades of malnutrition based on BMI, and different indicators of personal hygiene. Data were entered into Microsoft (MS) Excel spread-sheet and analysis was done with the help of statistical software SPSS 20.0 version.

Results:
About 29% of students suffered from common health morbidities in preceding 15 days. Children who suffered from morbidity had less hygiene score than who had no morbidity and this difference was statistically significant. Hygiene score was significantly associated with WHO grade of malnutrition. Binary logistic regression showed that mother's education, hygiene score, and class were significantly related to the presence of morbidity.

Conclusion:
Majority of the childhood illnesses are preventable by promotion of hygienic practices among schoolchildren through proper health education of their parents and teachers.
Physical activity level and musculoskeletal pain in physician mothers after childbirth
Authors: Demir Benli Merve 
Published: August 2021

Objective: Musculoskeletal pain is a common health problem in women, especially during pregnancy and the postpartum period, a possible reason for which is the lack of adequate physical activity. Nonetheless, very few studies have determined the relationship between physical activity level and musculoskeletal pain. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between physical activity level and musculoskeletal pain in physician mothers within two years after childbirth.
Material and Methods: This study was an online cross-sectional self-report survey. An online questionnaire was administered to physician mothers via the online "Physician Mothers" social group in Facebook, with 3,787 members. A total of 127 participants responded to the questionnaire, which consisted of three parts, namely, sociodemographic information, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form, and the Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire.
Results: The average age of the participants was 32.5±3.5 years. The physical activity level turned out to be inactive in 91 participants (71%), moderate in 30 (24%), and vigorous in six (5%). The most frequent musculoskeletal complaint after childbirth was back pain (n=112, 88.2%), followed by lower back pain (n=109, 85.8%), neck pain (n=70, 55.1%), and hip pain (n=52, 40.9%). There was no significant relationship between physical activity level and musculoskeletal pain in physician mothers (p=0.441).
Conclusion: In this study, physician mothers were found to be mostly physically inactive, and their activity level was not observed to be related to their musculoskeletal pain.
THE INFLUENCE OF MOTIVATION ON THE PERFORMANCE OF NURSING OFFICERS IN DEVOLVED UNITS, A CASE OF NYERI COUNTY, KENYA
Authors: Ongori Jeremiah , Muiruri Nelia , Vasco Kulimankudya 
Published: August 2021

Purpose: The management of human resources in healthcare institutions is vital to enable the delivery of efficient and effective medical and nursing services and to achieve clientele satisfaction. Motivation of human resources for health enhance quality service provision hence better outcomes. This study therefore sought to establish the influence of motivation on the performance of nursing officers, in devolved units, a case of Nyeri County, Kenya.
Methodology: This study adopted a cross sectional descriptive research design. The respondents constituted all nursing staffs and managers in Nyeri County health facilities and at the County Director’s Office. Stratified random sampling was used to come up with a sample of 248 respondents. Data was collected using questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used in the analysis of data with the help of SPSS 23. Chi-square analysis was used to establish relationships.
Findings: The researcher found that motivation of nurses was not well done with a mean of 2.84, SD=1.090, and there were no upgrading and promotion opportunities (M=1.81, SD=1.133) for nurses in the county. There was a moderate performance of nurses with a mean value of 3.75, SD=1.100. Chi-square analysis showed that motivation (χ2 = 28.860, df=16, p=0.025) significant at 95% confidence level. The Cramer’s V value was positive indicating that motivation (v=0.473) enhance performance.
Contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study concluded that motivation influences the performance of nursing officers, in devolved units in Kenya. Specifically, motivation approaches and techniques used in the health sector should be overhauled and/or reviewed as they are not effective. In particular, remuneration of staffs who have upgraded should be reviewed according to human resources policy.
PENINGKATAN KUALITAS MANAJERIAL PENGELOLA BUMDES UNTUK PENGUATAN ORGANISASI PADA TAHAP INFAN
Authors: Ariani Wulansari Nury , Martono S. , Ranihusna Desti , Ardiansari Anindya 
Published: August 2021

Ekonomi pedesaan merupakan sentra utama yang diprioritaskan untuk meningkatkan kemajuan pembangunan desa. Sejak munculnya UU No 6 tahun 2014, Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 6 tahun 2014 tentang Desa dan Peraturan Menteri Desa, Pembangunan Daerah Tertinggal dan Transmigrasi No. 4 Tahun 2015, maka banyak dibentuk Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMDes). Saat ini Provinsi Jawa Tengah (Jateng) memiliki BUMDES sejumlah 2.511 yang tersebar di 35 kabupaten dan kota. Meskipun demikian, dari 1.800 desa di Jateng, hanya sebanyak 900 yang memiliki BUMDES yang aktif beroperasi dengan baik . Permasalahan ini merupakan tantangan bagi pengelolaan BUMDES khususnya di wilayah Jateng. Salah satu wilayah di bagian tengah Jateng yang menarik untuk studi terkait BUMDES adalah Kabupaten Karanganyar. Banyaknya tenaga kerja industri pengolahan di Kabupaten Karanganyar adalah yang terbanyak ke 2 di Provinsi Jawa Tengah setelah Kota Semarang. Meskipun demikian, ternyata pertumbuhan ekonomi Karanganyar hanya sebesar 5,02 persen atau masih berada di bawah rata-rata pertumbuhan Provinsi Jateng yaitu 5,27 persen dan nasional 5,07 persen. Oleh karena itu diperlukan analisis dan intervensi untuk pengembangan BUMDES yang fokus pada sektor di luar bidang tradisional di Kabupaten Karanganyar menjadi hal yang perlu dilakukan. Salah satu desa yang memiliki potensi untuk pengembangan BUMDES adalah Desa Klatak, Karangpandan, Kabupaten Karanganyar.
Masculinidad y violencia afectiva en la ficción narrativa de Leticia Obeid y Francisco Bitar
Authors: Maradei Guadalupe 
Published: August 2021

El ensayo lee como texto de la cultura (Barthes, 1971) la reciente publicación de dos ficciones narrativas que experimentan con el género novela y problematizan el desamor como proceso y como conflicto. El corpus está conformado por Preparación para el amor de Leticia Obeid (2015) y La preparación para la aventura amorosa de Francisco Bitar (2021). El análisis focaliza en el modo en que los relatos traman la violencia afectiva como un tipo específico de violencia de género (Martín Sánchez, 2015) y sus relaciones con el paradigma ̶ en crisis ̶ de la masculinidad como dispositivo de poder (Fabbri, 2021).