bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Cross-sectional Case–control Study of Depression in Incontinent Women
Authors: Kaur Tanudeep , Kumari Rajesh , Sharma J. B. , Pandey Kavita , Uppal Bharti , Deb Koushik Sinha 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Urinary incontinence (UI) presents in over 50% menopausal women affecting their quality of life leading to depression and hence needs addressal and treatment as very few of them seek medical help.

Aims:
Our aim was to determine the prevalence of depression, and the correlation of severity of UI with depression in incontinent women versus continent controls.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional case–control study of previously diagnosed 100 incontinent women (Stress/Urgency/Mixed) was done over a period of 3 months. The severity of UI was assessed on Patient Incontinence Severity Assessment (a form of Likert scale) and depression was assessed on a validated Patient Health Questionnaire-9 scale.

Statistical Analysis:
The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 19.0.

RESULTS:
Most of our cases were 51–60 years, with Urge UI being the most predominant (88%). Hundred percent of our incontinent patients were depressed, with 48% and 45% being severely and moderately severely depressed, respectively. A highly significant correlation was found between the severity of incontinence, amount of leakage, leaking pattern, and depression.

Conclusion:
All of our incontinent patients were depressed, with the severity of depression increasing with the severity of incontinence.
Case Report: A Case of Tuberculosis with Psoriasiform Lichen Scrofulosorum Exhibiting Koebner’s Phenomenon followed by Scrofuloderma
Authors: Muradia Ishika , Khullar Geeti , Sharma Shruti , Kolte Sachin 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT.
Lichen scrofulosorum is the most common tuberculid in the Indian population and the second most common form of cutaneous tuberculosis. We discuss an uncommon presentation of lichen scrofulosorum, with psoriasiform morphology and koebnerization at tuberculin test site, associated with cervical lymphadenitis in a 17-year-old girl. Although the cutaneous lesions resolved completely after 3 months of antitubercular treatment (ATT), she developed scrofuloderma in the left cervical region at 4 months. In the absence of rifampicin resistance, ATT was continued for another 6 months, with no further evidence of disease activity. This case represents an infrequent occurrence of lichen scrofulosorum followed by scrofuloderma, which necessitated a prolonged course of first-line ATT.
Algorithms to get out of Boring Area Trap in Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Noulawe Tchamanbe Landry Steve , MELATAGIA YONTA Paulin 
Published: July 2021

Reinforcement learning algorithms have succeeded over the years in achieving impressive results in a variety of fields. However, these algorithms suffer from certain weaknesses highlighted by Refael Vivanti and al. that may explain the regression of even well-trained agents in certain environments : the difference in variance on rewards between areas of the environment. This difference in variance leads to two problems : Boring Area Trap and Manipulative consultant. We note that the Adaptive Symmetric Reward Noising (ASRN) algorithm proposed by Refael Vivanti and al. has limitations for environments with the following characteristics : long game times and multiple boring area environments. To overcome these problems, we propose three algorithms derived from the ASRN algorithm called Rebooted Adaptive Symmetric Reward Noising (RASRN) : Continuous ε decay RASRN, Full RASRN and Stepwise α decay RASRN. Thanks to two series of experiments carried out on the k-armed bandit problem, we show that our algorithms can better correct the Boring Area Trap problem.
Les algorithmes d'apprentissage par renforcement ont réussi au fil des années à obtenir des résultats impressionnants dans divers domaines. Cependant, ces algorithmes souffrent de certaines faiblesses mises en évidence par Refael Vivanti et al. qui peuvent expliquer la régression des agents même bien entraînés dans certains environnements : la différence de variance sur les récompenses entre les zones de l'environnement. Cette différence de variance conduit à deux problèmes : le Piège de la Zone Ennuyeuse (Boring Area Trap) et le Consultant Manipulateur. Nous observons que l'algorithme Adaptive Symmetric Reward Noising (ASRN) proposé par Refael Vivanti et al. présente des limites pour des environnements ayant les caractéristiques suivantes : longues durées de jeu et environnement à zones ennuyeuses multiples. Pour pallier ces problèmes, nous proposons trois algorithmes dérivés de l'algorithme ASRN nommés Rebooted Adaptive Symmetric Reward Noi-sing (RASRN) : Continuous ε decay RASRN, Full RASRN et Stepwise α decay RASRN. Grâce à deux séries d'expérimentations menées sur le problème du bandit à k bras, nous montrons que ces algorithmes permettent de mieux corriger le problème du piège de la zone ennuyeuse.
A Nash-game approach to joint data completion and location of small inclusions in Stokes flow
Authors: Ouni Marwa , Habbal Abderrahmane , Kallel Moez 
Published: July 2021

We consider the coupled inverse problem of data completion and the determination of the best locations of an unknown number of small objects immersed in a stationary viscous fluid. We carefully introduce a novel method to solve this problem based on a game theory approach. A new algorithm is provided to recovering the missing data and the number of these objects and their approximate location simultaneously. The detection problem is formulated as a topological one. We present two test-cases that illustrate the efficiency of our original strategy to deal with the ill-posed problem.
Nous étudions le problème de détection des petites inclusions immergées dans un fluide visqueux et incompressible, lorsque le mouvement de celui-ci est régi par les équations de Stokes. Des données du type Cauchy seront ainsi fournies seulement sur une partie frontière de l’écoulement.A cet égard, nous essayons de développer une méthode originale basée sur une approche de théorie des jeux, pour résoudre notre problème inverse. Un nouvel algorithme a été donc présenté traitant simultanément la question de la reconstruction des données manquantes avec celle de détection d’objets. La notion de gradient topologique a été utilisée afin de déterminer le nombre d’objets présents et leurs localisations approximatives. Dans cet objectif, une étude numérique présentée, a été effectuée pour prouver l’efficacité de la méthode.
Ação dos extratos de favela (Cnidoscolus phyllacanthus), catingueira (Caesalpinia pyramidalis) e nim (Azadiracta indica) sobre bactérias isoladas de cabras de aptidão leiteira
Authors: Carvalho Carolina Barbosa , Santos Caio Sérgio , Viana Francisco Arnaldo , Diniz Jaécio Carlos , Rocha Simone Alves Serafim , Amóra Sthenia Santos Albano , Alves Nilza Dutra , Feijó Francisco Marlon Carneiro 
Published: July 2021

RESUMO
No Nordeste brasileiro, cuja vegetação predominante é Caatinga, muitas plantas nativas ou exóticas são potencialmente ricas em propriedades curativas, porém pouco exploradas ainda pela ciência. O trabalho foi realizado durante agosto de 2011 a junho de 2012, onde foram coletadas amostras bacterianas dos tetos dos animais através de swabs estéreis. Isolados e devidamente identificados, os microrganismos foram sujeitos a antibiogramas com os meios alternativos, controles positivos e negativo através da técnica de difusão em Ágar de poço. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a ação dos extratos de Favela (Cnidoscolus phyllacanthus), Catingueira (Caesalpinia pyramidalis) e Nim (Azadiracta indica) sobre bactérias isoladas de tetos de cabras no assentamento de Cordão de Sombra no Município de Mossoró-RN.

ABSTRACT
In Northeast Brazil, whose predominant vegetation is Caatinga, many native or exotic plants are potentially rich in healing properties, but little explored yet by science. The work was conducted during August 2011 to June 2012, where bacterial samples were collected from the teats of animals through sterile swabs. Once isolated and properly identified, the microorganisms were subjected to antibiograms with alternative means, positive and negative controls through the well agar diffusion technique. The objective of the work was to evaluate the action of extracts of Favela (Cnidoscolus phyllacanthus), Catingueira (Caesalpinia pyramidalis) and Neem (Azadiracta indica) on bacteria isolated from teats of goats in the settlement Cordão de Sombra in the Municipality of Mossoró-RN.
Motivation toward English Language Learning among Iraqi University Students
Authors: Saleh Saleh Jebrael , Majeed Shahen Jamal 
Published: July 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to examine motivation toward learning the English Language among learners from different universities in Iraq. The study focused on identifying the type of, instrumental and integrative, and also the activities that learners prefer to use in the classroom.
Methodology/Approach/Design: The study applied both qualitative and quantitative design. The instruments used in the study included questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. A sample of 200 participants were engaged in an online survey and filled the questionnaire questions. An interview through zoom was also conducted with the selected group of learners.
Results: The findings of the study revealed that learners were motivated more instrumentally as compared to integratively. It was also evident that the students were interested in different learning activities.
Practical Implication: This study will have a greater contribution to the pedagogy of English language learning. The findings of the study might be used by curriculum developers to make changes and implement the best techniques of teaching English in the Iraqi EFL curriculum.
Originality/Value: The results of this study may make the university teachers and students aware of the significance of motivation in enhancing the English learning process. Also, the findings may make university teachers more creative in developing interactive learning activities that will be suitable for students.
PENGEMBANGAN KOMODITAS UNGGULAN SAYURAN DI KECAMATAN BUALEMO KABUPATEN BANGGAI
Authors: Labongkeng Fatni Lasari , Rustiawati Yuni , Zaenuddin Ruslan A. 
Published: July 2021

Hasil analisis LQ bahwa dari ke enam komoditi sayuran yang di usahakan di Kecamatan Bualemo hanya lima Desa yang melakukan usahatani hortikultura diantaranya : Hasil komoditi hortikultura yang ada di Kecamatan Bualemo yang memiliki LQ > 1 terdapat 3 komoditas unggulan di Desa Trans Mayayap antara lain komoditi cabai (4,4), tomat (1,4), dan kacang panjang (1,9), Desa Nipa Kalemoan terdapat 3 komoditas unggulan yang terdiri dari komoditi bawang merah (1,8), terong (3,0), dan kacang panjang (1,7), Desa Malik makmur memiliki komoditas unggulan komoditi tomat (1,5), Desa Malik memiliki komoditas unggulan komoditi tomat (1,9) sedangkan Desa Bima Karya memiliki komoditas unggulan yang terdiri dari bawang merah (1,8), dan cabai rawit (3,3). Selabjutnya, analisis SWOT strategi yang tepat dalam upaya pengembangan usahatani sayuran di Kecamatan Bualemo Kabupaten Banggai pada posisi strategi atau kuadran I yaitu mendukung strategi agresif yaitu strategi S-O (Strengths -Opportunities) dengan skor yang diperoleh sebesar 4,41. Strategi yang diterapkan pada kondisi seperti ini guna meningkatkan pengembangan usahatani sayuran dengan memanfaatkan kekuatan dan peluang yang ada yaitu meningkatkan pengembangan sayuran dan memanfaatkan adanya permintaan pasar dengan memanfaatkan kekuatan dan peluang.
Arquitectos japoneses en España, arquitectos españoles en Japón, 1990-2020
Authors: Vives Rego Javier 
Published: July 2021

Tanto en Japón como en España sigue existiendo una mirada hacia «el otro» teñida de cierto barniz exótico, seguramente favorecido por la distancia que separa a los dos países. Para un artista español trabajar en Japón resulta igual de estimulante que para un japonés hacerlo en España. Para ambos es una experiencia enriquecedora por lo alejados que se encuentran sus respectivos entornos sociales y culturales, y, en el caso de la arquitectura, también por las diferencias tecnológicas y estéticas.
En los años sesenta del pasado siglo, en ambos países se construyeron algunos edificios que emulaban formas clásicas «del otro». A partir de esos ejemplos, este estudio intentará descubrir si ese tipo de mirada o interpretación a modo de homenaje se ha mantenido o no en los últimos treinta años, cuando unos pocos arquitectos japoneses y españoles han empezado a construir obras en España y Japón respectivamente.
Este trabajo mostrará no solo los proyectos ejecutados por los más renombrados arquitectos japoneses y españoles en el país «del otro», sino también las propuestas ganadoras de concursos que finalmente no se han llevado a cabo. De cada una de esas obras, se indicará el año de construcción, o el del fallo del concurso, su situación y las incidencias más relevantes durante su materialización. Con esos datos se comparará la huella que arquitectos japoneses y españoles han dejado en los últimos treinta años en España y Japón, respectivamente.
Penerapan Penyelesaian Wanprestasi Melalui Gugatan Sederhana (Studi Kasus Putusan Nomor: 8/PDT.G.S/2020/PN.Yyk.)
Authors: Cumbhadrika Chittto 
Published: July 2021

Dalam asas hukum acara perdata di Indonesia yaitu salah satunya yaitu asas sederhana, cepat dan biaya ringan. Proses penyelesaian gugatan sederhana atau biasa disebut dengan small claim court merupakan tata cara pemeriksaan di persidangan terhadap gugatan perdata dengan nilai gugatan materiil paling banyak senilai Rp. 500.000.000 juta yang diselesaikan dengan tata cara dan pembuktiannya sederhana. Rumusan masalah: 1). Bagaimana mekanisme gugatan sederhana menurut peraturan mahkamah agung Nomor 2 Tahun 2015 sebagaimana diubah dengan PERMA Nomor 4 Tahun 2019 pada pelaksanaan peradilan gugatan sederhana? Dan Bagaimana Pertimbangan Hakim Dalam Putusan Nomor 8/PDT.G.S/2020/PN.Yyk tentang Gugatan Sederhana? Penerapan metode penelitian yaitu berupa Yuridis Normatif, artinya permasalahan yang diangkat, dibahas dan diuraikan dalam penelitian ini difokuskan dengan menerapkan kaidah-kaidah atau norma-norma dalam hukum positif. penelitian ini membahas pihak-pihak dalam Small Claim Court terdiri dari penggugat dan tergugat baik itu orang perseorangan maupun badan hukum yang masing-masing tidak boleh lebih dari satu, kecuali memiliki kepentingan hukum yang sama. Adapun Tempat tinggal sebagaimana yang tertuang dalam Pasal 4 ayat (3a) Perma Nomor: 4 Tahun 2019 yang menyebutkan bahwa “dalam hal Penggugat berada di luar wilayah hukum tempat tinggal atau domisili Tergugat, Penggugat dalam mengajukan gugatan menunjuk kuasa, kuasa insidentil, atau wakil yang beralamat di wilayah hukum atau domisili Tergugat dengan surat tugas dari institusi”.
COMPARISON OF SALVADORA PERSICA CHEWING STICK AND MANUAL TOOTH BRUSH FOR EFFICACY OF PLAQUE REMOVAL: A RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL
Authors: Riasat Madiha , Hassan Sohaib , Farooq Afaq , Gul Khaula , Aslam Kamran , Shehzad Sofia 
Published: July 2021

Objective: To clinically evaluate the efficacy of chewing stick as alternative to tooth brushing for plaque removal in subject with clinically healthy gingival status.
Material and methods: This randomized trial was conducted on a total of 80 participants, randomly allocated into two groups of 40 each at Department of Periodontology, Sardar Begum Dental College, Gandhara University, Peshawar, Pakistan. Group A were guided to use toothbrush, while group B was miswak users. Both groups were advised to use the respective group technique twice daily for four weeks. Pre and Post intervention examinations were planned by using Modified Quigley-Hein Plaque Index (QHPI), which measures the plaque levels. Data was recorded on the first day (baseline) and after 4 weeks. Obtained data was analyzed using SPSS v.24.0
Results: Mean age of the study participants was 25.54±6.004 years. Plaque was measured using QHPI, at baseline group A presented mean of 5.001±1.50, while group B had mean of 4.923±0.63 (p=<0.001), while after 4 weeks, group A showed mean of 2.52±7.82, while mean of group B was 1.37±0.427 (p=<0.001) with more evident decrease in Miswak group.
Conclusion: It was concluded that Salvadora Persica chewing stick was comparatively better anti plaque agent as compared to tooth brushes in this specific study.
The Role of Intra-Operative Wound Irrigation with Normal Saline in Reduction of Surgical Site Infection in Gynecological Surgeries
Authors: Urooj Uzma , Khan Sumaira , Imran Rabia 
Published: July 2021

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of intra-operative wound irrigation with normal saline in reducing surgical site infections in gynaecological surgeries.
Methods: It is a prospective cohort study carried out at Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department, Pak-Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi from 1st November 2019 to 30th April 2020. A total of 400 patients undergoing abdominal surgery for gynecological reasons were recruited by consecutive non-probability technique. Patients with known comorbidities were excluded. Participants of study were allocated cohort and control groups at the end of the surgery after closing the abdominal fascia. In cohort group, the subcutaneous soft tissue was irrigated with 1000 ml of Normal saline solution before skin closure and sterile dressing. No intra-operative wound irrigation was performed in the control group. The primary and secondary endpoint measures (SSI up to 10th Post-Operative day) and (SSI up to 30th Post-Operative day) respectively, were assessed clinically.
Results: The study included 400 patients, with 200 in the cohort group and 200 in the control group with Mean Age of (Mean ± SD) 33.6±8.1 years. Majority of the patients had Pre-Op Hemoglobin of >11 g/dl (216)54%. Most common surgeries were Caesarean section (324)81% and Hysterectomy (40)10%. Maximum surgeries were performed between 30-30 min (312)78% with mean hospital stay of (Mean ± SD) 2.9±0.5 days. Analysis of the results showed that Intra-operative wound irrigation with normal saline significantly lesser rate of postoperative SSIs in comparison to no irrigation at both primary outcome measure that was SSI at 10th Post-operative day (POD)(RR=0.417, 95 % CI [0.15;1.161]) and secondary outcome measure that was SSI at 30th POD(RR=0.286, 95 % CI [0.060;1.359]).
Conclusion: Intra-operative wound irrigation with Normal Saline decreases the risk of SSI by 58.3% (AR) at 10thPOD and by 71.4% (AR) at 30th POD in otherwise healthy women with no comorbidities.
Tıbbi ve aromatik bitkilerin dünyadaki ve Türkiye’deki ekonomik durumu
Authors: Boztas Gulsum , Avcı A. Betül , Arabacı Olcay , Bayram Emine 
Published: July 2021

Bu çalışmada dünya ve Türkiye ticaretinde önemli bir yere sahip olan bazı tıbbi ve aromatik bitkilerin son beş yılına ait ithalat ve ihracat verileri sunulmuştur. Çalışma bulguları International Trade Center (ITC) ve Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK)’ndan elde edilen istatiksel veriler kullanılarak hazırlanmıştır. Tıbbi ve aromatik bitkiler ve bu bitkilerden imal edilen ürünlerin ticaretine ilişkin verilerin 2001 yılı itibariyle Comtrade (International Trade Center-ITC) veri tabanında yer aldığı görülmüştür. Dünya tıbbi ve aromatik bitkiler ve bunlardan elde edilen ürünlerin ihracat değeri 2001 yılında 48.7 milyar dolar iken, 2019 yılında bu değer 207.5 milyar dolara yükselmiştir. İthalat değerinde de aynı artış trendi yakalanmış olup 2001 yılında 48.9 milyar dolar olan değer 2019 yılında yaklaşık olarak dört kat artarak 205.9 milyar dolar olarak gerçekleşmiştir. Dünyada görülen artış eğilimi Türkiye dış ticaretinde de gözlenmiştir. Türkiye’de tıbbi ve aromatik bitkiler ve ürünlerinin ihracat değeri 2001 yılında 143.6 milyon dolar iken, 2019 yılında 1.02 milyar dolara, ithalat değeri ise 2001 yılında 282.7 milyon dolar iken, 2019 yılında 1.36 milyar dolara yükselmiştir. Ülkemizde tıbbi ve aromatik bitkiler ve ürünlerinin ihraç değerleri genel olarak değerlendirildiğinde yıllar itibariyle en önemli artış uçucu yağlar ve rezinoitler, parfümeri, kozmetik vd. ürün grubunda gerçekleşmiştir. Bu ürün grubuna ilişkin ihraç değerleri 2001-2019 yılları arasında 83.6 milyon dolardan 829.4 milyon dolara ulaşmıştır.
Uvéite antérieure tuberculeuse chez un enfant au Centre de Santé de Référence de la Commune V du District de Bamako
Authors: Diarra M , Traore M , Sacko D , Toloba Y , Dao S S , OUMAR AA , Diakité AA , Dicko F 
Published: July 2021

Introduction : La sphère oculaire est une localisation rare de la tuberculose. Nous rapportons un cas de cette infection à localisation oculaire chez une jeune fille malienne. Décrire les lésions oculaires au cours d'une infection tuberculeuse. Observation :Il s'agit d'une étude de cas clinique descriptive concernant une fillette de 13 ans, reçue en consultation dans notre service pour rougeur et baisse de l'acuité à l'œil droit évoluant progressivement depuis quelques mois. Malgré les multiples consultations et traitements reçus, les symptômes persistaient et s'aggravaient insidieusement. Dans ses antécédents, nous n'avons pas trouvé de notion de traumatisme oculaire, ni de contage tuberculeux. L'examen ophtalmologique révèle une uvéite antérieure granulomatose avec baisse importante de l'acuité visuelle. L'examen des crachats est négatif, en revanche, l'IDR à la tuberculine est phlycténulaire avec un diamètre d'induration > 35mm. Le traitement anti tuberculeux selon le protocole du Programme Nationale de Lutte contre la Tuberculose (PNLT) a permis une amélioration clinique et fonctionnelle rapide, puis la guérison de la patiente. Conclusion : Le diagnostic de la tuberculose oculaire est difficile dans les pays en voie de développement. Il nécessite la mise à disposition de nouveaux outils diagnostics et une collaboration multidisciplinaire
Abcès de la prostate de découverte fortuite : A propos de deux cas
Authors: Kassogué A , Diarra A , Berthé HJG3 HJG , Diallo MS , Coulibaly MT , Cissé D 
Published: July 2021

Introduction : l'abcès prostatique est une pathologie de plus en plus rare. Sa symptomatologie n'est pas spécifique. L'échographie endorectale et le scanner pelvien occupent une place de choix dans le diagnostic. Le traitement repose sur l'antibiothérapie adaptée et sur le drainage percutané par voie transpérinéale, transrectale ou endoscopique. Observation : nous rapportons deux cas d'abcès de prostate, l'un des patients est âgé de 47 ans et l'autre 61 ans. Dans les deux cas, le diagnostic a été de découverte fortuite en per opératoire. Le scanner abdominopelvien a posé le diagnostic de kyste de prostate chez l'un et une hypertrophie bénigne de la prostate chez l'autre par une échographie réno-vésico-prostatique. Le traitement a consisté en un drainage par chirurgie ouverte avec une antibiothérapie adaptée. L'évolution a été favorable dans les deux cas. Conclusion : l'abcès prostatique est une pathologie rare et sa symptomatologie clinique n'est pas spécifique. Dans notre cas, le diagnostic n'a pu être confirmé qu'en peropératoire et le traitement par chirurgie ouverte avec un bon résultat.