bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving postpartum hemorrhage risk prediction using longitudinal electronic medical records
Authors: Zheutlin Amanda B , Vieira Luciana , Shewcraft Ryan A , Li Shilong , Wang Zichen , Schadt Emilio , Gross Susan , Dolan Siobhan M , Stone Joanne , Schadt Eric , Li Li 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objective
Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) remains a leading cause of preventable maternal mortality in the United States. We sought to develop a novel risk assessment tool and compare its accuracy to tools used in current practice.

Materials and Methods
We used a PPH digital phenotype that we developed and validated previously to identify 6639 PPH deliveries from our delivery cohort (N = 70 948). Using a vast array of known and potential risk factors extracted from electronic medical records available prior to delivery, we trained a gradient boosting model in a subset of our cohort. In a held-out test sample, we compared performance of our model with 3 clinical risk-assessment tools and 1 previously published model.

Results
Our 24-feature model achieved an area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.71 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.69-0.72), higher than all other tools (research-based AUROC, 0.67 [95% CI, 0.66-0.69]; clinical AUROCs, 0.55 [95% CI, 0.54-0.56] to 0.61 [95% CI, 0.59-0.62]). Five features were novel, including red blood cell indices and infection markers measured upon admission. Additionally, we identified inflection points for vital signs and labs where risk rose substantially. Most notably, patients with median intrapartum systolic blood pressure above 132 mm Hg had an 11% (95% CI, 8%-13%) median increase in relative risk for PPH.

Conclusions
We developed a novel approach for predicting PPH and identified clinical feature thresholds that can guide intrapartum monitoring for PPH risk. These results suggest that our model is an excellent candidate for prospective evaluation and could ultimately reduce PPH morbidity and mortality through early detection and prevention.
The invisible child of personalized medicine
Authors: Ó Cathaoir Katharina 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
This article seeks to bring the invisible child of personalized medicine out from the shadows through legal analysis and empirical data. It uses Denmark as a case to argue that existing policies, laws and practices on personalized medicine neglect the legal and ethical issues specific to children. The article investigates Danish laws and practices in clinical genetics and describes how the law neglects children’s right to self-determination in three ways. Firstly, while child participation is provided for by law, no guidelines have been created to operationalize this norm. Secondly, children’s right not to know is inadequately reflected in current policies. Thirdly, the storage of information from prenatal genetic sequencing raises important issues that are in need of reflection. Several recommendations are made, including for strengthening children’s participation and limiting parents’ access to secondary findings where they relate to untreatable or unpreventable conditions. It furthermore recognizes, however, that children’s self-determination in some circumstances should be viewed relationally due to the interconnected nature of genetics.
Longitudinal Investigation of Early Motor Development in Neurofibromatosis Type 1
Authors: Pardej Sara K , Glad Danielle M , Casnar Christina L , Janke Kelly M , Klein-Tasman Bonita P 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objective
Research indicates that children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) have weaknesses in fine and gross motor development in early childhood; however, little is known about the stability and developmental trajectory of motor functioning. We investigated (1) whether motor difficulties are evident and stable in the preschool period in children with NF1 and (2) whether there are particular patterns of motor development in this population.

Methods
Participants with NF1 and a control group of unaffected siblings were enrolled at ages 3–8 years and were assessed yearly. Motor functioning was assessed longitudinally using the Scales of Independent Behavior-Revised Motor Scale and the Differential Ability Scales-II Copying subtest. Wilcoxon sign tests were used to compare motor functioning at 3 or 4 years to 5 or 6 years old for children with NF1 seen during both time periods (N = 27). Linear mixed model growth curve analyses were used to compare trajectories for both children with NF1 (N = 62) and unaffected siblings (N = 37).

Results
Children with NF1 made relative gains in raw scores, but not standard scores, across measures. Growth curve analyses revealed a significant effect of NF1 status on gross motor, fine motor, and copying scores, as well as an age by NF1 status effect on fine and gross motor scores.

Conclusions
Motor difficulties are evident early in life in children with NF1. Though children with NF1 clearly acquire motor skills over time, they continue to fall behind unaffected siblings, with the gap potentially widening over time. Further implications are discussed.
NGSocomial Infections: High-Resolution Views of Hospital-Acquired Infections Through Genomic Epidemiology
Authors: Greninger Alexander L , Zerr Danielle M 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Hospital outbreak investigations are high-stakes epidemiology. Contacts between staff and patients are numerous; environmental and community exposures are plentiful; and patients are highly vulnerable. Having the best data is paramount to understanding an outbreak in order to stop ongoing transmission and prevent future outbreaks. In the past 5 years, the high-resolution view of transmission offered by analyzing pathogen whole-genome sequencing (WGS) is increasingly part of hospital outbreak investigations. Concerns over speed and actionability, assay validation, liability, cost, and payment models lead to further opportunities for work in this area. Now accelerated by funding for COVID-19, the use of genomics in hospital outbreak investigations has firmly moved from the academic literature to more quotidian operations, with associated concerns involving regulatory affairs, data integration, and clinical interpretation. This review details past uses of WGS data in hospital-acquired infection outbreaks as well as future opportunities to increase its utility and growth in hospital infection prevention.
The GpIA7 effector from the potato cyst nematode Globodera pallida targets potato EBP1 and interferes with the plant cell cycle
Authors: Coke Mirela C , Mantelin Sophie , Thorpe Peter , Lilley Catherine J , Wright Kathryn M , Shaw Daniel S , Chande Adams , Jones John T , Urwin Peter E 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The potato cyst nematode Globodera pallida acquires all of its nutrients from an elaborate feeding site that it establishes in a host plant root. Normal development of the root cells is re-programmed in a process coordinated by secreted nematode effector proteins. The biological function of the G. pallida GpIA7 effector was investigated in this study. GpIA7 is specifically expressed in the subventral pharyngeal glands of pre-parasitic stage nematodes. Ectopic expression of GpIA7 in potato plants affected plant growth and development, suggesting a potential role for this effector in feeding site establishment. Potato plants overexpressing GpIA7 were shorter, with reduced tuber weight and delayed flowering. We provide evidence that GpIA7 associates with the plant growth regulator StEBP1 (ErbB-3 epidermal growth factor receptor-binding protein 1). GpIA7 modulates the regulatory function of StEBP1, altering the expression level of downstream target genes, including ribonucleotide reductase 2, cyclin D3;1, and retinoblastoma related 1, which are down-regulated in plants overexpressing GpIA7. We provide an insight into the molecular mechanism used by the nematode to manipulate the host cell cycle and demonstrate that this may rely, at least in part, on hindering the function of host EBP1.
On assessing metadata completeness in digital cultural heritage repositories
Authors: Lorenzini Matteo , Rospocher Marco , Tonelli Sara 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Metadata allows access to a wide variety of cultural heritage resources made available through repositories, digital libraries, and catalogues. Usually taking the form of a structured set of descriptive elements, metadata assist in the identification, location, processing, tracking, preserving, sharing, and retrieval of information, while facilitating content and access management. However, low metadata quality, such as the lack of mandatory information, incorrect information, or inconsistency, is still an open issue in many repositories. In this article, we present our ongoing work aiming at automatizing the metadata quality analysis, and the preliminary results on metadata completeness for the Italian digital library ‘Cultura Italia’.
On the secular evolution of the ratio between gas and dust radii in protoplanetary discs
Authors: Toci Claudia , Rosotti Giovanni , Lodato Giuseppe , Testi Leonardo , Trapman Leon 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
A key problem in protoplanetary disc evolution is understanding the efficiency of dust radial drift. This process makes the observed dust disc sizes shrink on relatively short time-scales, implying that discs started much larger than what we see now. In this paper, we use an independent constraint, the gas radius (as probed by CO rotational emission), to test disc evolution models. In particular, we consider the ratio between the dust and gas radius, RCO/Rdust. We model the time evolution of protoplanetary discs under the influence of viscous evolution, grain growth, and radial drift. Then, using the radiative transfer code radmc with approximate chemistry, we compute the dust and gas radii of the models and investigate how RCO/Rdust evolves. Our main finding is that, for a broad range of values of disc mass, initial radius, and viscosity, RCO/Rdust becomes large (&gt;5) after only a short time (&lt;1 Myr) due to radial drift. This is at odds with measurements in young star-forming regions such as Lupus, which find much smaller values, implying that dust radial drift is too efficient in these models. Substructures, commonly invoked to stop radial drift in large, bright discs, must then be present, although currently unresolved, in most discs.
Detection of an extremely strong magnetic field in the double-degenerate binary merger product HD 144941
Authors: Shultz M E , Kochukhov O , Labadie-Bartz J , David-Uraz A , Owocki S P 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
HD 144941 is an extreme He (EHe) star, a rare class of subdwarf OB star formed from the merger of two white dwarf (WD) stars. Uniquely amongst EHe stars, its light curve has been reported to be modulated entirely by rotation, suggesting the presence of a magnetic field. Here, we report the first high-resolution spectropolarimetric observations of HD 144941, in which we detect an extremely strong magnetic field both in circular polarization (with a line-of-sight magnetic field averaged over the stellar disc 〈Bz〉 ∼−8 kG) and in Zeeman splitting of spectral lines (yielding a magnetic modulus of 〈B〉 ∼17 kG). We also report for the first time weak H α emission consistent with an origin and a centrifugal magnetosphere. HD 144941’s atmospheric parameters could be consistent with either a subdwarf or a main-sequence (MS) star, and its surface abundances are neither similar to other EHe stars nor to He-strong magnetic stars. However, its H α emission properties can only be reproduced if its mass is around 1 M⊙, indicating that it must be a post-MS object. Since there is no indication of binarity, it is unlikely to be a stripped star, and was therefore most likely produced in a WD merger. HD 144941 is therefore further evidence that mergers are a viable pathway for the generation of fossil magnetic fields.
Chemical abundances in Seyfert galaxies – VI. Empirical abundance calibration
Authors: Dors Oli L 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
We derived a bi-dimensional calibration between the emission-line ratios $R_{23}= ([\mathrm{ O}\, {\small {\rm II}}]\,\lambda 3726 +\lambda 3729 +[\mathrm{ O}\mathrm{ }\, {\small {\rm III}}]\,\lambda 4959 + \lambda 5007)/\rm H\,\beta$, ${\it P}=[([\mathrm{ O}\, {\small {\rm III}}]\,\lambda 4959+\lambda 5007)/{\rm H}\,\beta ]/R_{23}$ and the oxygen abundance relative to hydrogen (O/H) in the gas phase of Seyfert 1 and 2 nuclei. In view of this, emission-line intensity ratios for a sample of objects taken from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7 measured by the MPA/JHU group and direct estimates of O/H based on Te-method, adapted for active galactic nuclei (AGNs), are considered. We find no variation of R23 observed along the radii of AGNs, which shows that this line ratio is a good oxygen abundance (O/H) indicator for the class of objects considered in this work. The derived O/H = f(R23, P) relation produces O/H values similar to estimations via Te-method in a wide range of metallicities [$\rm 8.0 \: \lesssim \: 12+\log \,(O/H) \: \lesssim \: 9.2$]. Conversely to star-forming regions in the high-metallicity regime, R23 shows a positive correlation trend with O/H in AGNs. This indicates that the hardness of ionizing radiation is not affected by the metallicities in these objects or narrow-line regions are not significantly modified by changes in the spectral energy distribution due to metallicity variations.
Optical photometry of two transitional millisecond pulsars in the radio pulsar state
Authors: Stringer J G , Breton R P , Clark C J , Voisin G , Kennedy M R , Mata Sánchez D , Shahbaz T , Dhillon V S , van Kerkwijk M , Marsh T R 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
We present ULTRACAM multiband optical photometry of two transitional millisecond pulsars (tMSPs), PSR J1023+0038 and PSR J1227−4853, taken while both were in their radio pulsar states. The light curves show significant asymmetry about the flux maxima in all observed bands, suggesting an asymmetric source of heating in the system. We model the light curves using the icarus binary code, using models with an additional ‘hotspot’ heating contribution and an anisotropic heat redistribution model to treat the asymmetry. Our modelling reveals companion stars with underfilled Roche lobes in both PSRs J1023+0038 and J1227−4853, with Roche lobe filling factors in the range f ∼ 0.82−0.92. While the volume-averaged filling factors are closer to unity, significant underfilling is unexpected from tMSPs as they must rapidly overfill their Roche lobes to start transferring mass, which occurs on time-scale of weeks or months. We discuss the motivation and validity of our extensions to the models and the implications of the underfilled Roche lobe, and suggest future work to further investigate the role of the filling factor in the tMSP cycle.
A scaling relationship for non-thermal radio emission from ordered magnetospheres: from the top of the main sequence to planets
Authors: Leto P , Trigilio C , Krtička J , Fossati L , Ignace R , Shultz M E , Buemi C S , Cerrigone L , Umana G , Ingallinera A , Bordiu C , Pillitteri I , Bufano F , Oskinova L M , Agliozzo C , Cavallaro F , Riggi S , Loru S , Todt H , Giarrusso M , Phillips N M , Robrade J , Leone F 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
In this paper, we present the analysis of incoherent non-thermal radio emission from a sample of hot magnetic stars, ranging from early-B to early-A spectral type. Spanning a wide range of stellar parameters and wind properties, these stars display a commonality in their radio emission which presents new challenges to the wind scenario as originally conceived. It was thought that relativistic electrons, responsible for the radio emission, originate in current sheets formed, where the wind opens the magnetic field lines. However, the true mass-loss rates from the cooler stars are too small to explain the observed non-thermal broad-band radio spectra. Instead, we suggest the existence of a radiation belt located inside the inner magnetosphere, similar to that of Jupiter. Such a structure explains the overall indifference of the broad-band radio emissions on wind mass-loss rates. Further, correlating the radio luminosities from a larger sample of magnetic stars with their stellar parameters, the combined roles of rotation and magnetic properties have been empirically determined. Finally, our sample of early-type magnetic stars suggests a scaling relationship between the non-thermal radio luminosity and the electric voltage induced by the magnetosphere’s co-rotation, which appears to hold for a broader range of stellar types with dipole-dominated magnetospheres (like the cases of the planet Jupiter and the ultracool dwarf stars and brown dwarfs). We conclude that well-ordered and stable rotating magnetospheres share a common physical mechanism for supporting the generation of non-thermal electrons.
Expression of the ISPpu9 transposase of Pseudomonas putida KT2440 is regulated by two small RNAs and the secondary structure of the mRNA 5′-untranslated region
Authors: Gómez-García Guillermo , Ruiz-Enamorado Angel , Yuste Luis , Rojo Fernando , Moreno Renata 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Insertion sequences (ISs) are mobile genetic elements that only carry the information required for their own transposition. Pseudomonas putida KT2440, a model bacterium, has seven copies of an IS called ISPpu9 inserted into repetitive extragenic palindromic sequences. This work shows that the gene for ISPpu9 transposase, tnp, is regulated by two small RNAs (sRNAs) named Asr9 and Ssr9, which are encoded upstream and downstream of tnp, respectively. The tnp mRNA has a long 5′-untranslated region (5′-UTR) that can fold into a secondary structure that likely includes the ribosome-binding site (RBS). Mutations weakening this structure increased tnp mRNA translation. Asr9, an antisense sRNA complementary to the 5′-UTR, was shown to be very stable. Eliminating Asr9 considerably reduced tnp mRNA translation, suggesting that it helps to unfold this secondary structure, exposing the RBS. Ectopic overproduction of Asr9 increased the transposition frequency of a new ISPpu9 entering the cell by conjugation, suggesting improved tnp expression. Ssr9 has significant complementarity to Asr9 and annealed to it in vitro forming an RNA duplex; this would sequester it and possibly facilitate its degradation. Thus, the antisense Asr9 sRNA likely facilitates tnp expression, improving transposition, while Ssr9 might counteract Asr9, keeping tnp expression low.
The evolution of tax implicit value judgements in the UK: 1968–2018
Authors: van de Ven Justin , Hérault Nicolas 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We develop an empirical approach for quantifying the value judgements implicit in the relative treatment of demographic subgroups by an entire tax and transfer system. The new approach can be applied to household survey data, allowing us to evaluate the evolution of these value judgements using UK data reported at annual intervals between 1968 and 2018. The results provide the first quantitative evaluations of widely cited substantial improvements in tax and transfer treatment enjoyed by some population subgroups—particularly families with children and age pensioners—relative to the wider population.
Plesiomonas shigelloides Septic Shock Following Ingestion of Dojo Nabe (Loach Hotpot)
Authors: Shinohara Takayuki , Okamoto Koh , Koyano Saho , Otani Amato , Yamashita Marie , Wakimoto Yuji , Jubishi Daisuke , Hashimoto Hideki , Ikeda Mahoko , Harada Sohei , Okugawa Shu , Moriya Kyoji 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Plesiomonas shigelloides is a gram-negative bacillus that commonly causes self-limited diarrhea in humans. We present the case of P shigelloides bacteremia in a 49-year-old man with alcoholic cirrhosis who developed septic shock a day after eating Dojo nabe (loach hotpot), a Japanese traditional dish.
Supporting consulting paediatrics in rural, remote, or vulnerable communities in British Columbia: Time for national collaboration
Authors: Miller Kirsten , Benny Alexander , Retallack Jennifer 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Rural consultant paediatricians in Canada are in short supply. Rural communities across the country could benefit from the implementation of strategies to ensure access to consistent, local consultant paediatric care. Compared to their urban counterparts, rural paediatricians face unique challenges, including significant call requirements, potential risk of burnout and difficulty in recruitment. In response to these challenges, a number of strategies to bolster the provision of paediatric care to rural, remote, and underserved communities have evolved in British Columbia, including virtual support, the development of a rural paediatric network, and new training opportunities. It is time for discussions about the vulnerability of consulting paediatric care in rural or underserved communities to occur at the national level. National engagement will foster collaboration, drive research, and facilitate workforce planning, with the goal of ensuring that all Canadian communities have access to consulting paediatric care.
Neutron star cooling in modified gravity theories
Authors: Dohi Akira , Kase Ryotaro , Kimura Rampei , Yamamoto Kazuhiro , Hashimoto Masa-aki 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We study the thermal evolution of isolated neutron stars in scalar–tensor theories for the first time. Whether rapid cooling due to the direct Urca process occurs or not is an interesting question from the viewpoint of the temperature observation of isolated neutron stars. Moreover, investigation of the cooling effect of nucleon superfluidity also has large uncertainties, though it is important in modern cooling theory. The cooling effect is typically influenced by the proton fraction and the central density. If a fifth force is mediated due to a modification of gravity, the relation between the central density and mass of neutron stars differs from that in general relativity, and the cooling curve is also naively expected to vary. We find that an unscreened fifth force near the surface of neutron stars changes the mass–central density relation, and the direct Urca process can be triggered even for neutron stars with smaller mass. We also present cooling curves including nucleon superfluidity under the scalar–tensor theory. These results show that it might be useful to test gravitational theories with cooling observations of neutron stars.