bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface-active Properties of Extracted Saponin from the Leaves of Nephelium Lappaceum.
Authors: Mohamed Aini Norhidayah , Janurin Nuruljannah , Che Yahaya Yasmin Amirah 
Published: May 2021

Synthetic surfactants are widely used in a wide array of cleaning products due to their ability in lowering the surface tension of water. These surfactants also come with bad effects on people's health and the environment. Plant-based surfactant, or saponin, is expected to produce the same desired effect of chemical surfactant, minus the negative effect. The purpose of the current research was to discover the surface-active properties of saponin extracted from Nephelium Lappaceum or rambutan leaves, relative to commercial surfactant, Tween 80, and SDS. Rambutan’s leaves were extracted by maceration technique and liquid-liquid extraction to remove proteins and lipids of the plant. The presence of saponin in crude rambutan leaves was verified by foam test, which showed positive results. The crude rambutan leaves extracts were further analyzed by FTIR, GC-MS, and LC-QTOF-MS. The surface-active test consisted of a wetting test and cleaning test. The results from the IR spectrum show the presence of functional groups of saponin; OH, C=O, C-H, C=C, then, C-O which indicates the glycosides linkages to sapogenins. The wetting time for leave extracts, SDS, and Tween 80 were 32.33s, 7.33s, and 17.62s respectively. The cleaning test of saponin fraction, SDS, and Tween 80 showed the percentage of 20.98, 80.40, and 37.3 respectively. Generally, Rambutan leaves extract showed promising, but lower surface activities compared to commercial surfactants. Considering that the saponin fraction was not yet in the purest or isolated form of a single compound, it can be said the potential can be further enhanced by further isolating a pure surface-active compound from the saponin fraction.
Metadata Analysis For Gut Microbiota between Indoor and Street Cats of Malaysia
Authors: AHMAD HAJAR FAUZAN , Dean Tay Darren , Wei Siew Shing , Razali Mohd Najib 
Published: May 2021

With the advancement of sequencing technology, the studies related to the complex nature of microbial communities are possible to be untapped. The goal of this study is to perform a comparison between the composition of bacteria between the gut of Malaysian indoor and street cats. For this research, stool samples of the cats were collected where the genomic DNA were extracted using DNeasy PowerSoil Pro Kit. The extracted DNA were sequenced by targeting the bacterial community using primers from V4 region of 16S rRNA. The raw data were analysed using QIIME2 to obtain the diversity, taxonomy, and differential abundance between the groups. Here, we found that indoor and street cats have similar alpha diversity (p > 0.05), with slight differences between the groups based on the bacterial composition. Likewise, the beta diversity suggest that the two groups are similar to each other. The genus Bifidobacterium, Clostridium, Collinsella, Enterococcus, Cantenibacterium and Lactobacillus from phylum Firmicutes while were found to be more abundant in indoor cats while street cats had more of the phylum Actinobacteria from the genus of Acinetobacter, Blautia, and Olsenella. Hence, we observed whether a cat is kept indoor or is a stray does not significantly cause a shift in their respective microbiota composition.
Rapid control of ectopic Cushing’s syndrome during the COVID-19 pandemic in a patient with chronic hypokalaemia
Authors: Faisal Ziadoon , Debono Miguel 
Published: May 2021

Summary
In this case report, we describe the management of a patient who was admitted with an ectopic ACTH syndrome during the COVID pandemic with new-onset type 2 diabetes, neutrophilia and unexplained hypokalaemia. These three findings when combined should alert physicians to the potential presence of Cushing’s syndrome (CS). On admission, a quick diagnosis of CS was made based on clinical and biochemical features and the patient was treated urgently using high dose oral metyrapone thus allowing delays in surgery and rapidly improving the patient’s clinical condition. This resulted in the treatment of hyperglycaemia, hypokalaemia and hypertension reducing cardiovascular risk and likely risk for infection. Observing COVID-19 pandemic international guidelines to treat patients with CS has shown to be effective and offers endocrinologists an option to manage these patients adequately in difficult times.

Learning points

This case report highlights the importance of having a low threshold for suspicion and investigation for Cushing’s syndrome in a patient with neutrophilia and hypokalaemia, recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes especially in someone with catabolic features of the disease irrespective of losing weight.

It also supports the use of alternative methods of approaching the diagnosis and treatment of Cushing’s syndrome during a pandemic as indicated by international protocols designed specifically for managing this condition during Covid-19.
QUÉ HACEMOS CON EL ODIO: DAÑO Y AFRONTAMIENTO ANTE EL MATONISMO CONTRA LA VARIEDAD SEXUAL Y DE GÉNERO
Authors: Gamboa Barboza María Isabel 
Published: May 2021

En el presente artículo, desarrollo los resultados de una investigación realizada desde los Estudios Culturales y mediante el Análisis del Discurso, cuyo objeto fue estudiar los dispositivos disciplinarios, sexuales y de género que vivieron un grupo de estudiantes de universidades públicas, durante su educación primaria; así como demostrar los mecanismos de afrontamiento frente a dichas experiencias. En una investigación anterior anticipé la posibilidad de que la primaria fuera para sus estudiantes una fuente importante de sufrimiento psíquico. Un aporte fundamental de este trabajo es que permite confirmar aquellos hallazgos mediante las narrativas de las personas entrevistadas. Además, estas personas, marcadas ignominiosamente como anormales, supieron hacerse de varios y sofisticados mecanismos de afrontamiento frente a dicho dolor.
APORTES DE LAS UNIVERSIDADES PÚBLICAS EN TORNO AL HOSTIGAMIENTO SEXUAL EN COSTA RICA
Authors: Fernández Carvajal Doris 
Published: May 2021

Desde el Instituto de Estudios de la Mujer de la Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, se está realizando una investigación denominada “Debates sobre salud sexual y salud reproductiva en Costa Rica” (código 0056-18). Uno de los temas de debate en los últimos cincuenta años es el hostigamiento sexual, el cual ha generado un interés investigativo en las universidades públicas del país a través de diversos trabajos. Para la elaboración de este artículo se revisó un total de 23 trabajos, la mayor parte eran tesis de licenciatura y de maestría. El artículo presenta una descripción de los resultados de esas investigaciones. Estos trabajos han aportado al conocimiento de una problemática social muy arraigada en nuestra sociedad. De igual manera, han generado una conciencia crítica sobre este tipo de violencia y, a la vez, han contribuido a impulsar acciones para desestimular y sancionar estas prácticas indeseadas en los ámbitos de estudio y trabajo.
Desempenho clínico dos sistemas adesivos universais: revisão crítica
Authors: Carvalho Andreia Assis , Quadé Pável Fernando , Uchoa-Junior Francisco Antonio , Oliveira Amanda Pedrosa , Firmiano Tainah Costa , Lopes Lawrence Gonzaga , Barata Terezinha Jesus Esteves 
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: Analisar e discutir, por meio de uma revisão crítica da literatura, o comportamento clínico dos sistemas adesivos odontológicos “universal” ou “multimodo”. Métodos: A pesquisa bibliográfica foi restrita às bases de dados eletrônicas: MEDLINE e SciELO, utilizando os seguintes filtros: data de publicação [2014-2019], língua [portuguesa e/ou inglesa], descritores e suas combinações: “Universal adhesive”; “Multimode adhesive”; “Adesivos e Universal”; “Adesivos dentinários e Universal”; “Adesivos dentários e Universal”. Os seguintes critérios de inclusão foram adotados: estudos clínicos, dentição permanente, modos de aplicação, restaurações diretas e resinas compostas. Resultados: Dos 317 artigos identificados, 18 destes foram incluídos na análise sendo que o período de acompanhamento clínico variou entre 6 semanas e 36 meses. Conclusão: Considerando os estudos analisados de curto período de acompanhamento clínico, pode-se afirmar que os sistemas adesivos universais: (1) podem ser utilizados em dentes permanentes, a serem restaurados utilizando resina composta; (2) não devem ser aplicados sobre exposições pulpares diretas; (3) devem ser aplicados preferencialmente nos casos clínicos de procedimentos restauradores de Lesões Cervicais não Cariosas no modo Condicionamento Ácido Total ou Condicionamento Seletivo em Esmalte e no modo Condicionamento Seletivo em Esmalte nos casos de lesões cariosas.
Idosas sedentárias apresentam equilíbrio estático e dinâmico prejudicados
Authors: Ferreira de Matos Pâmella Mayara , Bassi-Dibai Daniela , Miranda Thamyres Da Cruz , Rêgo Adriana Sousa 
Published: May 2021

A pesquisa teve por objetivo comparar o equilíbrio estático e dinâmico entre idosas ativas e sedentárias. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, composto por dois grupos distintos: Grupo ativo (GA) com 35 idosas praticantes de atividade física e Grupo sedentário (GS) com 35 idosas sedentárias, utilizou-se os seguintes instrumentos: questionário investigativo sobre o histórico de quedas, avaliação estabilométrica, realizada com base na baropodometria na plataforma de pressão, para mensurar o nível de oscilação da amostra e teste Time Up And Go para a avaliação do risco de queda. Os dados estabilometricos apontaram que, na condição de olhos fechados, o (GA) apresentou menores oscilações quando comparado ao (GS) para as oscilações nos planos anteroposterior (p = 0,0018) e médio- lateral (p = 0,007). Quanto ao risco de cair, o Teste Timed up and Go - TUG, demonstrou que os idosos ativos realizaram o teste em menor tempo quando comparados aos idosos sedentários com (p = 0,0001), o que denota menor risco de cair. Dessa forma, as idosas praticantes de atividade física possuem maior estabilidade postural e menor risco de quedas, quando comparadas à idosas sedentárias.
Principais terapias biológicas para tratamento do melanoma
Authors: Cadorini Jéssica Marques de Souza , Santos Luísa Wagner dos , Fernandes Thais Cristina Casimiro , Simioni Patricia Ucelli 
Published: May 2021

As neoplasias de pele do tipo melanoma são consideradas graves devido a sua alta letalidade e ao grande risco de metástase. Existem diversas opções de tratamentos convencionais, porém nenhum deles apresenta um bom prognóstico. Nesse contexto, tem-se estudado terapias biológicas com inibidores de vias de sinalização e anticorpos monoclonais no tratamento de melanoma, buscando resultados mais eficazes. O presente estudo discorre sobre as terapias biológicas mais utilizadas e a ação no tratamento de melanomas. A metodologia utilizada foi revisão literária em bases de dados científicos. Os resultados mostram que o melhor prognóstico para melanoma ainda está relacionado ao diagnóstico precoce. Contudo, o estudo das terapias biológicas no tratamento do melanoma pode proporcionar índices maiores de cura e diminuir os riscos de metástase. Entre os inibidores de vias de sinalização intracelulares para tratamento de melanomas tem destaque os inibidores de quinases como BRAF. Entre os anticorpos monoclonais, destacam-se os anticorpos direcionados para as moléculas PD-1 e CTLA-4.
Evaluation of Pediatric Patients Admitted to the Emergency Department with Head Trauma
Authors: OCAK Metin , AKAR Semih 
Published: May 2021

Aim: Head trauma is the most frequent reason for trauma related child deaths. Minor head traumas (MHT) form a considerable part of pediatric head traumas. Computed Brain Tomography (CBT) is the gold standard for demonstrating intracranial pathologies in patients with head trauma. It is necessary to avoid having unnecessary CT scans in order to reduce the cost and the harms of radiation. We aim to assess the pediatric patients that applied to the emergency service with complaints of head trauma in the light of Prediction of Important Clinical Events (CHALICE) clinical decision-making rules.
Materials and Methods: 200 patients under 18 years old who applied to the emergency service with complaints of head trauma between 2016 and 2019 are included in this retrospective study.
Results: 200 patients in total were included in the study; of them, 128 are males and 72 are females. Of the patients, 3 have a Glaskow Coma Score (GCS) of 3-8, 2 have a GCS of 9-13, and the remaining 195 patients have a GCS of 14-15. Considering the symptoms, 35 patients had a headache, 28 patients had subcutaneous hematoma, and 26 patients had nausea-vomiting. The reason for trauma is motor vehicle accident for 99 patients and falling down from height for 95 patients. Four patients died. CHALICE (+) rate was found 67.82% in the patients having a CBT scan. 41.95% of asymptomatic patients had a CBT scan.
Conclusion: The results of our study showed that despite all academic efforts, unnecessary CT rates in pediatric head injuries could not be reduced.
Digital literacy and online child abuse among primary school children in Langata Sub-county, Nairobi City County in Kenya
Authors: MUHINGI WILKINS NDEGE , MAVOLE JOHNSON NZAU , NZAU MUMO 
Published: May 2021

Kenya introduced Digischool to public primary schools to prepare children for today’s digital world attracting a cyber-threat landscape. Utilising a descriptive cross-sectional design within a concurrent mixed approach, the study examined the relationship between digital literacy intervention and online child abuse among primary school children in Langata sub-county. Targeted, were children between 9 and 17 years from private and public primary schools, teachers, parents and policy makers and child protection officers. Godden’s formula informed purposive and random sampling of 384 respondents, plus a 10% (423) respondents for Key Informant interviews and focused discussions. Quantitative and qualitative data was analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics and content analysis with the help of SPSS version 22 and Nvivo version 12 respectively. The study revealed stakeholders intervened in online child abuse at various levels using a number of strategies. The study revealed a significant relationship between the type of school and exposure to online. Since the p-value (0.000) was less than alpha (0.05) and we conclude there was a significant relationship between the type of school and exposure to online child abuse. There is need for a systems thinking and concerted multi-sectorial approach to improvement of digital literacy hence protecting children online.
Microseisms in New England—Case History II*
Authors: Don Leet L. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Rayleigh waves recorded on the three components of the Harvard station are used to determine the direction of approach of microseisms. In Case History I, it was observed that microseisms did not radiate exclusively from the center of a well-developed low-pressure storm area and that they remained strong and continued for many hours after the storm center moved inland over Nova Scotia, northeast of the Harvard station, coming at that time from east, southeast, and south. In Case History II, a short but distinct microseismic storm ran its course as a cold front advanced to the coast and out over the ocean, but there was no atmospheric storm system within the region covered by the U. S. Weather Map.
It is proposed that microseisms are generated when a pressure gradient of magnitude as yet undefined moves over the crust and, in effect, kneads the surface layer in such a way as to set up vibrations.
Response characteristics of electromagnetic seismographs and their dependence on the instrumental constants
Authors: Chakrabarty S. K. 
Published: May 2021

Summary
The equation of motion of the seismometer and the galvanometer in an electromagnetic seismograph has been derived in the most general form taking into consideration all the forces acting on the system except that produced by hysteresis. A general solution has been derived assuming that the earth or the seismometer frame is subjected to a sustained simple harmonic motion, and expressions for both the transient and the steady term in the solution have been given. The results for the particular case when the seismograph satisfies the Galitzin conditions can easily be deduced from the results given in the present paper. The results can now be used to study the response characteristics of all electromagnetic seismographs, whether they satisfy the Galitzin conditions or not, and will thus give an accurate theoretical picture of the response also of seismographs used for the study of “local earthquakes” and “microseisms” which do not in general obey the Galitzin conditions. The results obtained can also be used to get analytically the response of the seismographs for different types of earth motion from the very beginning, and not only after the transient term has disappeared.
The theory of the response to simple tests used to determine the dynamic magnification of any seismograph and also to determine and check regularly the instrumental constants of the seismographs has been worked out. The results obtained can also be used for ascertaining the proper values of the instrumental constants suitable for the various purposes for which the seismographs are to be used.
Social Determinants of Health among Health Workers in a Tertiary Health Institution in Anambra State, Nigeria: A Pilot Study
Authors: NN Joe-Ikechebelu , UM Umeh , EC Azuike , CE Okechukwu , AO Akanwa , WO Ngene , BE Nwankwo 
Published: May 2021

Background
Social determinants of health (SDH) are a critical theme for health equality for Nigeria. Nigeria is one of the countries in the world which is far from achieving targets of 2030 SDG 3 due to this inequity in health.
Methods
This is a cross-sectional pilot survey designed to collect information about the SDH, strengths, challenges and perceived areas to be addressed among different cadres of healthcare workers at the Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Teaching Hospital (COOUTH) Awka in the South eastern part of Nigeria. This is a cross-sectional pilot survey among the different cadres of healthcare workers.
Results
The elements of SDH are vital for the continuing well-being of health workers because of their role in attending to the totality of their community. From our study, two elements of SDH (family and physical activity) had the greatest level of confidence (44% and 26% respectively), while the justice system (police and the legal issues) had the lowest areas of confidence (2% each), but the greatest strength of the community were found in education (70%) and family (58%).
Conclusions
Policies in general need to be implemented to address the economic instability in order to yield positive outcomes towards education, security of lives and property, food security and affordable healthcare and transportation. Reducing health inequities in Nigeria will depend on a focus addressing the social circumstances of individuals, families and communities using equity-based approaches on the broader structural environment. The role of formal and informal educational strategies will be beneficial in the highlighted social, economic and political factors from this study.
Implementing Delirium Screening in an Intermediate Care Unit
Authors: Gaa Christyn A. , Akintade Bimbola F. 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundDelirium occurs in as many as 82% of hospitalized patients. Use of a valid and reliable tool allows for early detection and management to mitigate adverse effects, including a decrease in patient falls.ObjectiveTo conduct a quality improvement project to implement the confusion assessment method (CAM) tool in an intermediate care unit and measure delirium screening compliance, feasibility of the tool, and the effect on reported patient falls.MethodsWeb-based training using a 14-item pre–post assessment for knowledge comprehension. The CAM tool was added to the electronic health record (EHR), and documentation compliance was measured for eight weeks. Afterwards, a nurse perception survey was distributed, and 60-day pre- and post-intervention patient falls were compared.ResultsForty-seven nurses completed the training. Post-test averages were higher than the pre-test (p = .16); five answers showed significant improvement (p < .02). Screening and documentation compliance were 79.1%. Twenty-one nurses completed the perception survey, demonstrating agreement that delirium CAM screening is a feasible intervention. Patient falls were reduced by 57%.ConclusionAddition of the CAM tool into the EHR-enhanced screening compliance.Implications for NursingEarly delirium detection may reduce patient falls. The CAM is a feasible instrument and delirium screening is a worthwhile intervention.
Survey of Nursing Faculty Preparation for Guiding DNP Quality Improvement Projects
Authors: Bingham Debra , Hammersla Margaret , Belcher Anne , Ruccio Lucy Rose , Bindon Susan , Buckley Kathleen , Idzik Shannon 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundQuality improvement (QI) projects comprise the majority of University of Maryland School of Nursing (UMSON) Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) projects.MethodsAn online survey was completed by 51% (n = 38) of faculty, who teach or mentor DNP students, and was analyzed using quantitative and descriptive methods.ResultsFaculty were somewhat or not familiar with developing a QI charter 68.4%, human error theory and error proofing 63.2%, driver diagrams 60.5%, characteristics of high-reliability organizations 60.5%, and Standards for Quality Improvement Reporting Excellence (SQUIRE) guidelines 55.3%. The faculty were most interested in learning more about (n = 97 responses) were human error theory and error proofing (28.9%), SQUIRE guidelines (26.3%), statistical process control (21.1%), and implementation strategies and tactics (21.1%). The most commonly identified challenges included identifying QI projects (24%), project time constraints (16%), keeping up-to-date on QI concepts, methods, and tools (12%), and balancing professional workload (10%).ConclusionsGaps in self-reported QI knowledge indicate there is a need for further development of DNP and PhD prepared faculty at the UMSON.
Seniorzy jako element i argument współczesnej polityki wewnętrznej Federacji Rosyjskiej
Authors: Tomaszewska-Hołub Beata 
Published: May 2021

The Russian Federation is in the global trend of increasing the number of the elderly population. This fact makes seniors a major social, economic and political issue. Older people are a part of historical policy. As veterans they pass on experience and knowledge of Russian history. Both the state authorities and society as a whole benefit from this. Seniors are a large group which constitutes a strong electorate. The ruling party and the opposition, Справедливая Россия, give this group great prominence in their political programs. The ruling party has created special programs aimed at improving the status of senior citizens in Russia.
A simplification of the Consumer Rights Act. Plain legal language and legal language
Authors: Zych Natalia 
Published: May 2021

The article examines the idea of plain legal language as a standard in creating comprehensible and effective communication in legislative acts. It features plain legal language techniques and tools used to tackle the visual and linguistic layer of legal texts. Selected techniques were implemented to experimentally modify the Polish Consumer Rights Act of 30 May 2014. The document, transformed in the spirit of plain legal language, was then submitted for assessment to lawyers as well as individuals with no legal background. The article features the results of the experiment as well as conclusions which make it possible to say whether the “simplified” act is more comprehensible to an average reader, and to assess the cost of the changes introduced in the original provisions of the law.