bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cellulose Nanocrystals from Native and Mercerized Cotton
Authors: Haouache Somia , Jimenez-Saelices Clara , cousin fabrice , Falourd Xavier , pontoire bruno , cahier karine , jerome francois , Capron Isabelle 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Nanocelluloses occur under various crystalline forms that are being selectively used for a wide variety of high performance materials. In the present work, cellulose fibers (CF-I) were mercerized by alkaline treatment (CF-II) without molar mass variation (560 000 g/mol) and both were acid hydrolyzed, forming cellulose nanocrystals in native (CNC-I) and mercerized (CNC-II) forms. This work establishes detailed characterization of these two nanoparticles morphology (light and neutron scattering, TEM, AFM), surface chemistry (zetametry and surface charge), crystallinity (XRD, 13C NMR), and average molar mass coupled to chromatographic technics (SEC-MALLS-RI, A4F-MALLS-RI), evidencing variations in packing of the crystalline domains. The crystal size of CNC-II is reduced by half compared to CNC-I, with molar masses of individual chains of 41 000 g/mol and 22 000 g/mol for CNC-I and CNC-II respectively, whereas the same charged surface chemistry is measured. This fundamental analysis may give insight to new applicative development.
Comparison of biometry traits, chemical and fatty acid composition of wild and farmed sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)
Authors: Cagnetta Prospero , Jambrenghi Anna Caputi , Tarricone Simona , Ragni Marco 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Sea bass is a fish widely produced, consumed and appreciated in Italy. Its intensive rearing system provides the consumption of valuable fish to a wider population. Thanks to the use of an appropriate feed, it is possible to obtain reared sea bass which are richer in total lipid with a majority presence of polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as n-3 and n-6 families. In this study, a total of 75 specimens of European sea bass coming from three different origins (two farmed and one wild) were considered, 25 fish from each origin. Biometry traits were valued as of the chemical and fatty acid composition of fillets. Biometric indices, chemical composition and fatty acid profile resulted significantly affected by the rearing system. Fishes from the Intensive rearing system (IRS) showed the highest value of relative profile and condition factor; higher content of lipid and total n-6 that influenced the n-3/n-6 ratio and the atherogenic indexes; values that make their meats very healthy and indicated for human consumption as the wild fishes.
Risk of primary lung cancer after breast cancer radiotherapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zareie Bushra , Rasouli Mohammad Aziz , Poorolajal Jalal 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Epidemiological studies have shown that the risk of secondary malignancies may increase by radiotherapy. Lung cancer is the most important long-term complication of breast cancer radiotherapy.Methods: Major electronic databases including Scopus, Web of Science, and MEDLINE were searched. All cohort studies that investigated the association between radiotherapy for breast cancer and risk of primary lung, bronchus and trachea cancers conducted until March 2021 were included. The study participants were evaluated regardless of their age and ethnicity. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess the quality of the studies. The designated effects were risk ratio (RR). The random-effects model was used to estimate the average effects.Results: Fifteen studies including 1,640,247 women with primary breast cancer were identified of which 937,151 had not received radiotherapy and 703,096 subjects had received radiotherapy. In general, there was no significant association between breast cancer radiotherapy and lung cancer based on 10 studies (RR=0.95, 95% CI: 0.87-1.02, P=0.15), There was no association between breast cancer radiotherapy and lung, bronchus, and trachea cancers either based on 5 studies (RR=0.98, 95% CI: 0.93-1.02, P=0.32).Conclusion: Radiotherapy for breast cancer is not associated with an excess risk of lung cancer. Due to the limited number of studies, further research about lung doses from breast cancer radiotherapy varied substantially worldwide, is suggested to the risk of lung cancer after breast cancer radiotherapy.
How Long Does the mRNA Remains Stable in Untreated Whole Bovine Blood?
Authors: Giglioti Rodrigo , de Oliveira Henrique Nunes , Katiki Luciana Morita , Filho Anibal Eugenio Vercesi , Oliveira Márcia Cristina de Sena , Okino Cintia Hiromi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
High quality and quantity of messenger RNA (mRNA) are required for accuracy of gene expression studies and other RNA-based downstream applications. Since RNA is considered a labile macromolecular prone to degradation, which may result in falsely altered gene expression patterns, several commercial stabilizing reagents have been developed aiming to keep RNA stable for long period. However, for studies involving large number of experimental samples, the high costs related to these specific reagents may constitute a barrier. In this context the present study was designed aiming to evaluate the stability of mRNA in whole bovine blood collected in K3EDTA tubes during storage at common fridge (4°C). Whole blood samples were collected from four Holstein cattle, and RNA extractions were performed immediately after blood sampling (< 2 h) and at 1-day post-sampling (dps) and at 2 dps, 3 dps, 7 dps and 14dps intervals. RT-qPCR assays were run using eight different genes (B2M, ACTB, PPIA, GAPDH, YWHAZ, CD4, TNF-α and IFN-γ) aiming to evaluate the presence of altered gene transcription during storage. All extracted RNA samples presented high purity and integrity, and there were no significant differences of gene expression values between 2hps to 2 dps intervals for all evaluated genes. Bovine blood RNA remained stable in K3EDTA tubes for 2 days stored at common fridge and can be successfully and accurately used for gene expression studies.
Specificity of UV-C LED Disinfection Efficacy for Three N95 Respirators
Authors: Ontiveros C. Carolina , Shoults David C. , MacIsaac Sean , Rauch Kyle D. , Sweeney Crystal L. , Stoddart Amina K. , Gagnon Graham A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The recent surge in the use of UV technology for personal protective equipment (PPE) has created a unique learning opportunity for the UV industry to deepen surface disinfection knowledge, especially on surfaces with complex geometries, such as the N95 filter facepiece respirators (FFR). The work outlined in this study addresses the interconnectedness of independent variables (e.g., UV Fluence, respirator material) that require consideration when assessing UV light efficacy for disinfecting respirators. Through electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, we characterized respirator filter layers and revealed that polymer type affects disinfection efficacy. Specifically, FFR layers made from polypropylene (PP) (hydrophobic in nature) resulted in higher disinfection efficiency than layers composed of polyethylene terephthalate (PET-P) (hygroscopic in nature). An analysis of elastic band materials on the respirators indicated that silicone rubber-based bands achieved higher disinfection efficiency than PET-P bands and have a woven, fabric-like texture. While there is a strong desire to repurpose respirators, through this work we demonstrated that the design of an appropriate UV system is essential and that only respirators meeting specific design criteria may be reasonable for repurposing via UV disinfection.
GRCircuit - Functional Macro Blocks Circuit Recovering Tool
Authors: Silva Leandro Maia Maia , Andrade Fabricio Vivas , Vieira Luiz Filipe Menezes 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Considering that the more information you can gather about a particular circuit, you can address problems more accurately in the Eletronic Design Automation (EDA) eld, therefore, many tools focus on obtaining the maximum amount of information about the input to which it is provided in order to determine which are the best algorithms to each instance. Some of these tools are the Boolean Satisfiability (SAT) problem solvers; which, for the most part, receive formulas described in Conjunctive Normal Form (CNF) as input. The circuits encoding process to the CNF format, unfortunately, destroy much of the information that could have been used to optimize SAT solvers, as part of this informations must be recovered to avoid applying generic algorithms in the solution of SAT problems. One of the difficult aspects of retrieving this information corresponds to the matching of clauses to its respective logic gates, as well as which sets of logic gates correlate to a functional block. The present work makes use of subgraph isomorphism algorithms to recover circuits encoded in CNF-DIMACS maximimizing the number of clauses handled, both at the level of logic gates as well as more complex structural blocks, which allow their identification at higher levels of abstraction. Our tool was able to successfully recover all circuits
Preparation of a new micro-mesoporous omega zeolite by hydrothermal route: Effect of crystallization time
Authors: Bouchiba Nabila , Toumi Nadia , Bengueddach Abdelkader 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This work concerns the preparation of a new micro-mesoporous omega zeolite by hydrothermal route. This method consists of the self-assembly of the omega zeolite precursors with a cethyltrimethyl-ammonium bromide surfactant. Different stages of crystallization were studied in order to determine their impact on the textural and structural properties of the resulting materials. For this, several characterization methods were used such as X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption/desorption, scanning electron microscopy, and Energy-Dispersive X-ray. The results showed that the processing time significantly influences on the crystallinity, porosity and Si/Al ratio of the resulting materials. A specific surface area almost three times greater than the parent zeolite was obtained when using non-hydrothermally treated zeolite precursors. While the precursors prepared hydrothermally for 48 hours or 72 hours essentially lead to the formation of the microporous phase corresponding to the Omega zeolite. These new properties can open new applications of these solids notably in the catalysis for the conversion of bulky molecules and also in the adsorption of organic and organic pollutants.
6-Hydroxydopamine Induce Neurodegeneration In Terminally Differentiated SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells Via Enrichment Of The Nucleosomal Degradation Pathway: A Global Proteomic Approach
Authors: Magalingam Kasthuri Bai , Somanath Sushela Devi , Ramdas Premdass , Haleagrahara Nagaraja , Radhakrishnan Ammu Kutty 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells have been used for decades as an in vitro cell model of dopaminergic neurons to explore the underlying science of cellular and molecular mechanisms of neurodegeneration in Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, data revealing the protein expression changes in 6-OHDA induced cytotoxicity in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells remain void. Therefore, we investigated the differentially regulated proteins expressed in terminally differentiated SH-SY5Y cells (differ-SH-SY5Y neural cells) exposed to 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) using the LC-MS/MS technology and interpreted the data using the online bioinformatics databases such as PANTHER, STRING, and KEGG. Our studies demonstrated the neuronal development in differ-SH-SY5Y neural cells was implicated by the overexpression of proteins responsible for neurite formations such as calnexin (CANX) and calreticulin (CALR) besides significant down-regulation of ribosomal proteins. The enrichment of the KEGG ribosome pathway was detected with significant down-regulation (p < 0.05) of all the 21 ribosomal proteins in differ-SH-SY5Y neural cells compared with undifferentiated cells. Whereas in the PD model, the pathological changes induced by 6-OHDA were indicated by the presence of unfolded and misfolded proteins, which triggered the response of 10 kDa heat shock proteins, namely HSPE1 and HSPA9. Moreover, the 6-OHDA induced neurodegeneration in differ-SH-SY5Y neural cells also upregulated the voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 (VDAC1) protein and enriched the KEGG systemic lupus erythematosus pathway that was regulated by all 17 histone proteins (p < 0.05) in differ-SH-SY5Y neural cells. These results suggest the central event in the neurodegenerative mechanism induced by 6-OHDA in the PD cell model was the nucleosomal degradation in the KEGG-SLE pathway indicated by the increased histone release in the apoptotic cells.
Comparative Oncological Outcomes Following Radical Prostatectomy or External Beam Radiation Therapy Plus Androgen Deprivation Therapy in Men with Clinical T3b Prostate Cancer
Authors: Lee Wonchul , Lim Bumjin , Kyung Yoon Soo , Kim Choung-Soo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose To compare oncological outcomes in men with clinical T3b prostate cancer who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) or a combination of radiation therapy plus androgen deprivation therapy (HT + RT).Materials and Methods Men with clinical T3b prostate cancer who underwent RP or HT + RT between 2007 and 2014 were evaluated. All patients were relatively healthy, with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 or 1 without nodal or distant metastasis. Cancer-specific survival (CSS) was analyzed. Age, biopsy Gleason score, and initial prostate specific antigen (PSA) concentration were adjusted by propensity score matching. Cox proportional hazard model was used to assess factors prognostic of CSS.Results Of the 152 patients with clinical T3b prostate cancer, 45 underwent RP and 107 underwent HT + RT between 2007 and 2014. Mean CSS was significantly longer in the RP than in the HT + RT group (p = 0.029). Age, biopsy Gleason score, and pretreatment PSA concentration were significantly higher in the HT + RT group. In the propensity score matched population of 34 patients each, CSS remained significantly longer in the RP than in the HT + RT group (125.21 ± 5.10 months vs. 107.73 ± 9.01 months, p = 0.041). Multivariate analysis showed that undergoing HT + RT was the only significant poor prognostic factor for CSS (hazard ratio = 2.849; 95% confidence interval, 1.086–7.473, p = 0.033).Conclusion CSS was significantly longer in men with clinical T3b prostate cancer who underwent RP than HT + RT, suggesting that RP should be the initial treatment of choice for these patients.
Conversion of microplastics to flocs during estuarine mixing the Aras River with the Caspian Sea
Authors: Heidari Mehdi , Karbassi Abdolreza , Namaghi Zahra Dorbeigi , Heidari Flora 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Microplastics originated from various sources are carried by rivers into oceans, seas and lakes. In the last few years, the accumulation of microplastic particles in marine environments has been on the increase which causes irreversible damages to flora, fauna and human health. One of the most considerable processes in an estuary is the flocculation process. The flocculation process converts pollutants to flocs or greater particles. In the present study, the conversion of microplastics to flocs during estuarine mixing of the Aras River water and the Caspian Sea water is investigated for the first time. The results clearly show that a huge percentage of microplastics (99.95%) are converted to greater particles (> 5mm) due to the flocculation process. The maximum flocculation rate of microplastics (47.37%) is observed at the salinity of 0.25 ppt. Moreover, 35.71% of microplastics are flocculated at the salinity of 29 ppt. Salinity enhances the flocculation of microplastics.
Current status of comprehensive metabolic control and predictive model of blood glucose control in low-income patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Huang Fuhua , Su Jing , Weng Xiaoxu , Dong Lili , Chen Yanzhu , Lin Xinyi , Hong Lvrong , Chen Wenzhuan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to comprehensively evaluate and explore the current situation of comprehensive metabolic control, the factors that influence glycemic control and the relationships among these factors in patients with type 2 diabetes in a low-income population. Method: A total of 462 outpatients and inpatients with type 2 diabetes who met the national standard of low income were selected by random sampling. The Diabetes General data questionnaire, the Chinese version of Diabetes Distress Scale (DDS) and the Diabetes Knowledge and Self-Management Behavior Scale were administered, and HbA1c, blood pressure, blood lipid and BMI were examined to comprehensively evaluate the psychology, management knowledge, behavior and control status of diabetes mellitus. Then, multiple linear regression analysis was carried out. Results: The total score of the knowledge behavior was 89.57 ± 19.00, and 104 patients (22.5%) met the threshold for the Diabetes Knowledge and Self-Management Behavior Scale. Diabetes-related health knowledge and ability were negatively related to HBA1c. A total of 73.81% of patients reported diabetes-related psychological pain, and the most common dimension of which was psychological pain was the emotional burden. The total score of the DDS and scores on each dimension were positively related to HbA1c levels. Multiple linear regression showed that the main factors affecting blood glucose control were the total score of the knowledge and behavior scale, interpersonal-related pain, time of diabetes diagnosis, age, diabetic nephropathy, emotion-related pain, gender, and smoking status. Conclusion: The comprehensive metabolic control status of low-income type 2 diabetes patients is much lower than indicated by the results of 3B research. Because self-management behavior in the knowledge of diabetes is the most important factor affecting blood glucose control and there is a correlation between self-management behavior and diabetes psychology, according to the heterogeneity of diabetes, it is important to consider how to make full use of the Internet and other methods to carry out individual, accurate and effective care to promote comprehensive metabolic control among low-income patients with type 2 diabetes.
Development and pharmacokinetic evaluation of osmotically controlled drug delivery system of Valganciclovir HCl for potential application in treatment of CMV retinitis
Authors: Gundu Ramakanth , Pekamwar Sanjay , Shelke Santosh , Kulkarni Deepak , Gadade Dipak 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Valganciclovir HCl (VGH) is the widely used drug for the treatment of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis infection with an induction dose of 900mg twice a day and a maintenance dose of 900mg. This required dose of the drug also leads to multiple side effects due to repeated administration. The research was highlighted to develop, formulate, optimize and evaluate Single-Core Osmotic Pump (SCOP) tablet of VGH with the dose of 450mg to reduce dosing frequency and associated side effects. . The decrease in dose also minimize the hepatic and nephrotic load. The optimized batch of formulation was subjected to comparative in vitro and in vivo evaluation. The tablet core composition is the primary influencer of the drug delivery fraction in a zero-order, whereas the membrane characteristics control the drug release rate. In-vivo pharmacokinetic studies revealed that the newly developed osmotic formulation has controlled zero-order release for 24 hours with a single dose of 450mg while the marketed formulation requires twice administration within 24 hours to maintain the plasma concentration in the therapeutic window. The developed formulation can be the promising option for the treatment of CMV retinitis with the minimum dose and dosing frequency.
Treatment of Breast and Colon Cancer Cell Lines with Anti-Helmintic Benzimidazoles Mebendazole or Albendazole Results in Selective Apoptotic Cell Death
Authors: Petersen Jakeb SSM , Baird Sarah 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Anti-helmintic drugs mebendazole and albendazole are commonly used to treat a variety of parasitic infestations. They have recently shown some promising results in pre-clinical in vitro and in vivo anti-cancer studies. We compare their efficacy in breast and colon cancer cell lines as well as in non-cancerous cells and elucidate their mechanism of action. Methods: The drugs were screened for cytotoxicity in MDA-MB-231, MCF-7 (breast cancer), HT-29 (colorectal cancer) and mesenchymal stem cells, using the MTT assay. Their effects on the cell cycle, tubulin levels and cell death mechanisms were analysed using flow cytometry and fluorescent microscopy. Results: Mebendazole and albendazole were found to selectively kill cancer cells, being most potent in the colorectal cancer cell line HT-29, with both drugs having IC50 values of less than 1 µM at 48 hours. Both mebendazole and albendazole induced classical apoptosis characterised by caspase-3 activation, phosphatidylserine exposure, DNA fragmentation, mitochondrial membrane permeability and reactive oxygen species production. Cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase was found, and tubulin polymerisation was disrupted.Conclusion: Mebendazole and albendazole cause selective cancer cell death via a mechanism of classical apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, which involves the destabilisation of microtubules.
Remotely Sensed Estimation of Total Iron Content in Soil With Harmonic Analysis and BP Neural Network
Authors: jiang xueqin , Luo Shanjun , Fang Shenghui , Cai Bowen , Xiong Qiang , Wang Yanyan , Huang Xia , Liu Xiaojuan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: The estimation of total iron content at the regional scale is much of significance as iron deficiency has become a routine problem for many crops. Methods: In this study, a novel method for estimating total iron content in soil (TICS) was proposed using harmonic analysis (HA) and back propagation (BP) neural network model. Several data preprocessing methods of first derivative (FD), wavelet packet transform (WPT), and HA were conducted to improve the correlation between the soil spectra and TICS. The principal component analysis (PCA) was exploited to obtained three kinds of characteristic variables (FD-PCA, WPT-FD-PCA, and WPT-FD-HA-PCA) for TICS estimation. Furthermore, the estimated accuracy of three BP models based on these variables was compared. Results: The results showed that the BP models of different soil types based on WPT-FD-HA-PCA had better estimation accuracy, with the highest R2 value of 0.95, and the RMSE of 0.68 of the loessial soil. It was proved that the characteristic variable obtained by harmonic decomposition improved the validity of the input variables and the estimation accuracy of the TICS models. Meanwhile, it was identified that the WPT-FD-HA-PCA-BP model can not only estimate the total iron content of a single soil type with high accuracy but also demonstrate a good effect on the estimation of TICS of mixed soil.Conclusion: The HA method and BP neural network combined with WPT and FD have great potential in TICS estimation under the conditions of single soil and mixed soil. This method can be expected to be applied to the prediction of crop biochemical parameters.