bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measurement and Comparison of Efficiency of Saving and Loan Cooperatives in Jakarta, Indonesia, through the Stochastic Frontier Analysis
Authors: Sudarmadji . , Md. Nor Zarina , Hamid Fazelina Sahul , Kamil Anton Abdulbasah 
Published: November 2021

Savings and loan cooperatives play an important role in the Indonesian economy as they also contribute to providing capital in the local market. This study examines the efficiency of savings and loan cooperatives in terms of number of members, total capital and operating costs and their effects on profits, total assets, disbursed loans and debt repayments. Two types of savings and loan cooperatives studied are savings and loan cooperatives owned by government employees and savings and loan cooperatives owned by the general public (community owned). The efficiency of these two types of cooperatives is studied separately and comparatively using the parametric Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) method. and the research involved a total of 22 cooperatives from five areas in Jakarta. The results of the study used the SFA method and found that the average efficiency of community-owned cooperatives was greater than cooperatives owned by government employees.

Received: 9 May 2021 / Accepted: 5 August 2021 / Published: 5 November 2021
Creativity and Beaded Aesthetics: Thematic Analysis of the Beadworks of David Herbert Dale
Authors: Tolulope Ijisakin Eyitayo , Ajiboye Olusegun Jide , Abejide Foluso Modupe , Adeyanju Idowu Folorunso 
Published: November 2021

In traditional Africa, beads function as adornments, as designation of royalty, and in many activities that have to do with commerce, religion, and healing among others. The use of beads has however found it ways into modern artistic expression. Literature abounds on the traditional use of beads, whereas there is a dearth of literature on creative usage of beads in contemporary Nigerian art. This study therefore examines creativity in the beadworks of David Herbert Dale. Data were collected through oral interviews with David Herbert Dale and relevant key informants such as art connoiseurs and gallery owners. This study relies on the theory of aesthetic response and functional theories of art; it also adopts the visual analysis approach to evince the aesthetics and deconstruct the contents of the beadworks. The paper argues that the beadworks of Dale are visual chronicles of historical, religious, economic, and socio-cultural aspects of Nigeria in particular, and Africa as a whole.

Received: 7 September 2021 / Accepted: 24 October 2021 / Published: 5 November 2021
Environmental Implications of Municipal Dump Site on Soil Nitrogen in Calabar Metropolis, Nigeria
Authors: Ediene Victoria Francis , Akeh Linus Beba , Iren Otobong Benjamin , Afu Sunday Marcus , Aki Ene Emmanuel , Olim Denis Michael 
Published: November 2021

Organic matter exhibit strong variations in nitrogen retention and transformation cycle in soil. However, nitrogen could be altered by seasonal variations, leading us to hypothesize that the open municipal waste dump site in Calabar exposed to dry and wet season could alter nitrogen dynamics in that soil. A total of sixty (60) composite soil samples were collected at different landscape positions (summit crest, shoulder slope, toe slope, interfluve slope, valley floor) of a municipal dump site and a control (no refuse area) during the dry and wet seasons in Calabar and analyzed to ascertain the effects on forms and status of soil nitrogen. The soils were loamy sand across the study location with pH values of 4.50, 7.00, 6.70, 7.30, 5.00, 7.30 (dry season) and 5.00. 7.30, 7.00, 7.40, 5.90, 7.40 (wet season) for the control, summit crest, shoulder slope, toe slope, interfluve slope and valley floor accordingly. Values obtained for total nitrogen (N) from the study site were generally low (<0.21 %), with values for dry season slightly higher than the wet season. NH4+ recorded higher content in wet than in dry season with values ranging between 12.11-14.11 mg/kg (control), 14.60 - 15.90 mg/kg (Summit crest); 18.25 - 20.05 mg/kg (Shoulder slope), 18.30 - 20.20 mg/kg (Toe slope), 12.30 - 14.00 mg/kg (Interfluve slope) and 9.24 -11.07 mg/kg (Valley floor). The Shoulder and toe slopes recorded the highest NH4+ concentration in the wet season. N02- contents documented for the control site were within the ranges of 2.78- 3.20 and 3.22-3.62 mg/kg while the dumpsite had values between 2.49-3.45 and 2.98 -3.22 mg/kg was observed for the shoulder position, the toe slope contained between 2.30-2.75 and 2.70 -2.82 mg/kg, the inter fluve slope had similar ranges of 2.32-2.90 and 2.70-3.08 mg/kg, and the valley floor 2.45-2.60 and 2.78-2.98 mg/kg. N02- values were higher for the wet than dry season. NO3- nitrogen was observed to be excessive across the dumpsite with the highest values > 80 mg/kg obtained at the valley floor. The NO3- values were higher in dry season across the all the landscape positions than in the wet season. The values were equally higher for the dumpsite than the control. It was observed that the dumpsite soils contend excessive NO3- which could be converted to nitrous oxide (N2O) thus contributing to green house (GHG) emissions. It was also noted that seasonal variation did not significantly affect the N content at the different landscape positions of the municipal dumpsite in Calabar. It is highly recommended that municipal waste be sorted and the organic materials composted to harness the rich NO3- content as observed in this research.

Received: 22 September 2021 / Accepted: 25 October 2021 / Published: 5 November 2021
Assessing Local and National Government Interaction in LED: A Policy Evaluation of South Africa’s Metros
Authors: Soga Babalwa , Vyas-Doorgapersad Shikha 
Published: November 2021

The article examined the adoption of the 2018-2028 National Framework for Local Economic Development (NFLED 2018-2028) in South Africa eight metropolitan municipalities. The article employs a qualitative research approach whereby a document analysis of municipality strategic reports reveals that there is low adoption of the National Framework for Local Economic Development in South African metros. The findings confirm that whilst metropolitan municipalities cannot be expected to share the exact policy adoption considerations due to their political, administrative, economic and demographic heterogeneity, it is suggested that there should be a balanced level of policy standardisation when it comes to LED and other municipal kep performance areas (KPAs). The article concludes that South Africa’s metropolitan municipalities had not adopted most of the five enabling pillars of the National Framework for LED 2018-2028 as part of the key performance areas (KPAs). This points to the discord between national LED policies and local level LED planning. While there is a need for LED planning decentralisation to meet local needs in metros, general alignment with national policies could assist in unlocking intellectual and financial resources that municipalities lack.

Received: 23 September 2021 / Accepted: 25 October 2021 / Published: 5 November 2021
Health Seeking Behavior of Menopausal Women of Tokha Municipality
Authors: Tiwari Kabita , Ghimire Binda , Thapa Kalpana 
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Menopause is an important phase of the life of women. During this period of cessation of estrogen, many women experience various unpleasant symptoms, the severity of which may vary. It is important to understand health-seeking behavior of women towards these symptoms. The aim of this study was to assess the health-seeking behavior among menopausal women.
Methods: Community-based descriptive cross-sectional study was done among 296 women aged 40-60 years residing in wards no 2 and 3 of Tokha Municipality of Kathmandu. A convenient sampling technique was adopted to collect the data. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the National Academy of Medical Sciences. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statics.
Results: It was found that most of the participants (62%) visited the pharmacy for their problems and about 40% received counseling for their problems. Regarding the severity of the menopausal symptoms, only 20% of the respondents had experienced severe somatic symptoms and 16% experienced psychological symptoms. There was an association of some socio-demographic variables (age, religion, ethnicity, educational status, marital status, and income) with health-seeking behavior of the respondents. Similarly, health-seeking behavior was found to be associated with some of the health problems (irritation, heart discomfort, joint problems, tiredness, and cardiac problems).
Conclusions: The menopausal problem had been neglected by significant respondents even though various menopausal symptoms were prominent among them. There is a need to raise awareness among the community people on menopausal problems and seek appropriate health care services.
THE ADORNMENTS OF SCYTHIAN AGE OF THE POPULATION OF FOREST-STEPPE: INTRODUCTION TO THE TOPIC ON THE MATERIALS FROM DNIEPER LEFT-BANK AREA
Authors: Khodukina Y. M. 
Published: November 2021

This paper focuses on the pins and earrings as the most popular and diverse type of Scythian jewelry. They are exactly the chronological and cultural markers used by researchers in the reconstruction of migrations and connections of the forest-steppe population.
The adornments in ancient times, as well as nowadays, were one of the main cultural and social identity markers. First, they have been studied both in the context of the Scythian material remnants and the unique local variants. Vladimira Petrenko was one of the first who made the typology of these artifacts which led to the change in the field. Soon, new findings were discovered that developed the typology of the artifacts, which was based on the local variants and peculiar decorations, e. g. earrings. The common feature of the modern research is to lessen the number of taxa in the typological scheme and determine the precise and rare indicators of the type origin. Even though the adornment of Scythian Age were studied just as a part of the material culture, the consensus of the academia shows that jewelries can represent a wide range of social and cultural processes in ancient communities.
Usually, the Scythian adornments are found in the burial and settled sites. Such material remnants combined with the anthropological data and certain fixation can enlarge our understanding of the usage and function of these artifacts. Furthermore, they give us knowledge of the possible popular costume of the time, the sex and age differences in fashion. In addition, new finds from the settlements widen the source base. The analysis of the jewelries in the context of the settlement structures gives a more precise chronology and modes of production. Today, it is sure that the main three technological methods were welding, casting, and smiting. Each method related to the distinct forms and metals the item was made of.
NEW EXHIBITS OF ITEMS WITH CHAMPLEVE ENAMELS IN SUMY REGIONAL MUSEUM (PRELIMINARY REPORT)
Authors: Bilynska L. I. , Bilyk V. M. , Buhay O. M. , Hopkalo O. V. , Gorokhovskyi Ye. L. , Derevianko О. M. 
Published: November 2021

During 2018—2020 items with Champleve enamels were presented to Sumy Regional Museum by Sumy residents, S. I. Gutsan and R. A. Bobkov. They were shown at an exhibition dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the Museum in September 2020. The collection consists of more than 70 items (tabl. 1). There are brooches (horseshoe-shaped, triangular, round), pendants (cruciform, lunnula), chains, bracelets, diadems, torques, appliquй, finger-rings, trapezoidal pendants, spurs etc. Because these finds were kept in private collections and were presented to the Museum by their owners, the items could be considered accidental finds except location of them was more or less accurate.
Preliminary analysis of things from the collection allowed us to determine the following. The area of finds includes different areas of Sumy region, but those found in Sumy’s suburbs significantly dominate, and by dating they mostly belong to the second stage of development of East European Champleve enamels, according to E. Gorokhovskyi — to the middle and second half of 3rd century. Metal and enamel of things were analyzed by the researchers of The Institute of Applied Physics of NASU using an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer.
Situation around archeological monuments requires a rapid reconstruction, adaptation of science to new unfavorable conditions. This publication is prompted by an attempt to obtain maximum information from sources whose reliability is questionable. Moreover, the things analyzed in this publication are of great importance for solving many important questions of archeology, in particular, for the reconstruction of the Slavonic peoples’s genesis.
THE COMPOSITION OF THE POPULATION BURIED AT THE SCYTHIAN AGE CEMETERY NEAR SVITLOVODSK CITY (ACCORDING TO CRANIOLOGY)
Authors: Kruts S. I. , Rudych T. O. 
Published: November 2021

The anthropological composition of the population buried at the cemetery of the Scythian Age near Svitlovodsk city (Kirovograd region) is analyzed in the paper. The burial ground is located on the border of the Forest-Steppe and Steppe Zones of the Right Bank of the Dnieper. The anthropological material under study comes from cemetery without mounds. Archaeologists date the main massif of burials to the 4th century BC.
The anthropological composition of the population that was buried at this burial ground was not homogenous.
The male series of skulls is characterized by a long, medium-wide, high, dolichocranic skull. The face is of medium size, it is mesognathic. The horizontal profile of the face at the upper level is medium, but with a tendency to the sharp; at the middle level, the face is strongly profiled. The orbital and nasal indexes are medium. The bones of the nose are moderately protruding.
The average characteristics of the male population fit into the range of variations of the Scythian series. The male series belongs morphologically and statistically to the circle of the steppe Scythian groups. The male group from the burial ground near the city of Svitlovodsk is close to the series from the Nikolaevka burial ground on the Dnister River, the group of skulls from the burial mounds near the village of Shirokoe (Left Bank of the Dnieper River), the group of skulls from the burial mounds near the village of Vyshchetarassivka, a series of skulls from the Mykhailivka burial ground.
Of the forest-steppe series, only the combined group of skulls from the Trypillya region is somewhat close to it.
All these statistically and morphologically similar groups originate from different territories. This illustrates the specifics of the settlement and demonstrates the mobility of the Scythian groups.
The female series from the burial ground is characterized by a long, narrow, medium-high skull, mesocranic in shape. The size of the face is small, it is mesognathic. The horizontal profile of the face at the upper level is moderate, at the zygomaxilar level it belongs to the category of sharp, but with a tendency to moderate. The orbital index is medium, the nasal index belongs to the large category. The bones of the nose are medium protruding.
The female series from Svitlovodsk burial ground turns out to be the most gracile among the Scythian series in Ukraine. For this reason, it differs significantly from the entire massif of the steppe Scythian series. The closest to the Svitlovodsk series is a group from mounds near Nikopol.
THE POPULATION OF CHERNYAKHIV CULTURE, WHICH IS BURIED IN THE CEMETERY NEAR THE VILLAGE OF VELYKA BUGAIVKA, ACCORDING TO CRANIOLOGY
Authors: Rudych T. O. 
Published: November 2021

Cemetery of Chernyakhiv culture near the Velyka Buhaivka village was excavated in 1995—2005 by an expedition of O. V. Petrauskas and R. G. Shishkin. During the excavations the anthropological material was obtained.
The male series is characterized by a medium-long, narrow, medium-high, dolichocranial cranium. The face is short, narrow, mesognathic. Horizontal face profiling is sharp. Orbits are medium high, the nose is medium wide. The angle of the nasal bones is on the border of medium and large values. The nose is of medium height.
According to the results of statistical analysis, the group from Velyka Buhaivka is close to the series from the cemeteries of Romashki, Kurnyky, Ranzheve. The group is closer to the series of Welbark culture Maslomench, Grudek, a bit closer to the Welbark mixed series of the Lower Vistula, than to individual series of Chernyakhiv culture from the territory of Ukraine.
The female group is characterized by a long, medium-wide on the border with a wide, medium-high, dolichokranny cranium.
The face is medium-wide and medium-high, orthognathic. The orbits were medium high, the nose was medium wide. Horizontal profiling of the face at the upper level is on the border of sharp and moderate, its profiling at the zygomaxillary level is sharp. The angle of the nasal bones is medium, the epiglottis is medium high.
According to the results of the analysis, the women’s series from Velyka Buhaivka is closest to the women from Chernyakhiv, Zhuravka, Popivka.
From the groups of Polish Welbark culture the mixed group of Slovinsko-Drawska is close to the women from Velyka Buhaivka.
The dolichocranium narrow-faced type was dominant in people buried by inhumation. It is recorded in the people buried in the graves accompanied by the grave goods of the phase C2, C2—C3, D1. This type is present both in burials directed with the head to the North, and to the West.
STUDY OF THE HOARD OF SILVER COINS NEAR HORODNYTSIA VILLAGE
Authors: Alferov O. A. , Motsya B. O. , Petrauskas A. V. 
Published: November 2021

Minting own coin is one of the attributes of state formation. The first coins of the Old Rus are represented by gold and silver specimens dating from the late tenth — early eleventh century. Gold coins are very rare, the silver ones are presented much more.
Most modern researchers believe that the production of silver coins was started by Volodymyr Sviatoslavych and ended under Yaroslav Volodymyrovych after the beginning of his reign in Kyiv. In 2020 the third known hoard of silver coins was discovered near Gorodnytsia village, Novohrad-Volynskyi district, Zhytomyr region. It was found accidently by local resident S. M. Komar who in the next day after discovery handed it over to the authorities which was recorded in the relevant documents.
The expedition of the Institute of Archaeology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine conducted archaeological research at the hoard location. The place where the silver coins have been occurred was recorded. Several more coins were found in the pit where the hoard was and nearby. Surrounding area was examined. Near the hoard the presence of land- and waterways, which functioned in the medieval period, was recorded. Near the river Sluch there are convenient places for crossing.
During the exploration of the area adjacent to the hoard in order to study the archaeological context the settlement was discovered. The artifacts found on it date it to the 9th—13th and 16th—18th centuries. Powerful fortifications in the form of moats, ramparts and escarpments have been preserved. Probably, the formation of the silver hoard is connected with the ancient roads along the Sluch River and the Old Rus settlement on the site of the modern settlement of Gorodnytsia.
In total 38 silver coins were in the hoard. 31 of them belonged to the minting of Volodymyr Sviatoslavych, and 7 to Sviatopolk Yaropolkovych. Vladimir’s coins are presented in three types — II (6 copies), III (16 copies) and IV (9 copies). Sviatopolk’s coins represent all three of his existing numismatic types — I (4 copies), II (2 copies) and III (1 copy). 10 silver coins of Volodymyr and 1 of Svyatopolk are represented by previously unknown stamp pairs. 2 coins of Vladimir, which have an unknown combination of stamps, are of particular scientific interest.
COVID-19 Preventive Practices among Bus Station Workers in Ethiopia
Authors: Eyasu Mebrahtu , Worku Yoseph , Ababaw Berhan , Berhan Yifru 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT.
As of May 19, 2021, Ethiopia was among the five African countries most affected by COVID-19. A cross-sectional design was used to assess the level of knowledge, perceptions, and practices of bus station workers about COVID-19 between August 25 and September 17, 2020. Face-to-face interviewer-administered questionnaires were used. To identify the factors associated with the dependent variables, simple and multiple binary logistic regression analyses were used. A P value < 0.05 was considered significant. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 software. In this study, 427 workers from three bus stations participated. Approximately 84.5%, 84.8%, and 81.3% of the workers had good knowledge, positive perceptions, and good practices, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that workers with a monthly income of 3,001 to 4,000 birr were about four times more likely to have poor knowledge compared with higher income workers. Those workers with poor knowledge were 2.4 times, and security workers were 3.7 times, more likely to have poor practices compared with workers with good knowledge and drivers, respectively. In conclusion, workers used in security and those who had poor knowledge regarding COVID-19 failed to exhibit effective preventative practices against the virus.
Sumbangan Penulis Wanita dalam Sejarah Penulisan Kreatif di Sabah
Authors: Amat Asmiaty 
Published: November 2021

Negeri Sabah telah melahirkan ramai penulis berbakat termasuk penulisÂ wanita. Kehadiran dan sumbangan penulis wanita dalam penulisan kreatif memberi impak tersendiri, bukan sahaja kepada sejarah penulisan kreatif di negeri Sabah malah nama penulis wanita yang dilahirkan di negeri tersebut seiring dengan kemampuan penulis di peringkat kebangsaan. Antara beberapa nama yang menjadi penulis yang dapat disetandingkan, bahkan memberi sumbangan besar dalam sejarah kesusasteraan Malaysia merupakan penulis wanita Sabah. Nama Azmah Nordin dan Ruhaini Matdarin sebagai contoh tidak asing lagi. Mereka sering menjuarai pertandingan atau hadiah sastera yang dianjurkan oleh badan kerajaan dan swasta. Kepelbagaian tema serta kelebihan penulis wanita Sabah yang hidup dalam persekitaran multietnik memberikan ruang yang besar kepada mereka untuk menonjolkan kemampuan berkarya. Artikel ini akan memberi tumpuan kepada sejarah dan sumbangan penulis wanita dalam penulisan kreatif.