bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Prevalence of Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth in Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Li Xiao-Qing , Feng Xin , Jiang Zheng 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objective: The reported prevalence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) is highly variable. We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence of SIBO in DM.Methods: A comprehensive literature search of the PubMed, Cochrane Library and Embase databases from inception to December 2020 was conducted for studies correlating SIBO with DM. Studies were screened, and relevant data were extracted and analysed. The pooled prevalence of SIBO among DM patients and the odds ratio (OR) of SIBO among DM patients compared with controls were calculated. Publication bias was assessed using Egger’s test and funnel plots.Results: Fourteen studies including 1417 diabetes patients and 649 controls met the inclusion criteria. The pooled prevalence of SIBO in DM was 29% (95% CI 20–39%). The OR of SIBO in diabetes patients was 2.91 (95% CI 0.82–10.32, p=0.1) compared with controls. Subgroup analyses showed that the prevalence of SIBO in DM was higher in studies using jejunal aspirate culture (JAC) for diagnosis (39%, 95% CI 12–66%) than in those that used the lactulose breath test (LBT) (31%, 95% CI 18–43%) or glucose breath test (GBT) (29%, 95% CI 14–43%). The prevalence of SIBO in DM was higher in studies conducted in Western countries (35%, 95% CI 21–49%) than in those conducted in Eastern countries (24%, 95% CI 14–34%), and the prevalence of SIBO in type 1 DM (25%, 95% CI 14%–36%) was not significantly different from that in type 2 DM (30%, 95% CI 13%–47%).Conclusion: Twenty-nine percent of diabetes patients tested positive for SIBO and had a significantly higher risk than the controls. The prevalence of SIBO in DM varied according to the diagnostic test performed and geographic area. DM could be a predisposing factor for the development of SIBO, especially among patients diagnosed by JAC or those in Western populations.
Ferroptosis-related Gene AKR1C1 Predicts the Prognosis of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Huang Fangfang , Zheng Yushi , Li Xiaoling , Luo Hui , Luo Lianxiang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BackgroundFerroptosis is a newly discovered mode of cell death distinct from apoptosis and necrosis, and its activation contributes to anticancer therapy in a variety of cancers. However, the prognostic value of ferroptosis-related genes in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains to be further investigated.MethodsNSCLC transcriptome mRNA-seq data set and corresponding clinical data set were downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Then, bioinformatics approaches were subsequently employed to identify potential prognostic markers. Finally, the effects of candidate markers on NSCLC cell proliferation, migration, and ferroptosis were assessed by CCK8, colony formation, wound-healing assay, and functional assays related to ferroptosis.ResultsA total of 37 common differentially expressed genes were screened based TCGA database. Six overall survival associated genes (ENPP2, ULK1, CP, LURAP1L, HIC1, AKR1C1) were selected to build survival model, of which hub gene AKR1C1 was with high expression and low ferroptosis level in NSCLC tumor. Further research showed that AKR1C1 was related with many pathways involved in the process of ferroptosis and associated with diverse cancer-infiltrating immune cells. Moreover, the results of in vitro experiments indicated that the expression of AKR1C1 was upregulated in NSCLC cell lines, and silencing AKR1C1 can inhibit the proliferation and migration of NSCLC cells and promote the occurrence of ferroptosis.ConclusionOur study revealed the potential role of ferroptosis-related gene AKR1C1 in NSCLC, which can be used for prognostic prediction in NSCLC.
Situational Analysis of Mental Health System in The West Region of Cameroon Using The World Health Organization’s Assessment Instrument for Mental Health Systems (WHO-AIMS)
Authors: michael Toguem guy , KUMAR Manassi , NDETEI David , NJENGOUE Francois Erero , OWITI Frederick 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background The burden of mental illnesses is increasing in Cameroon and there is no available published work on the mechanisms put in place to address this issue. The government recognizes this burden and tries to feel the gap. In line to this, this study aimed at describing the mental health services available in West Cameroon to provide an evidence based support to this process. Method We used the world health organization assessment instrument for mental health systems (WHO-AIMS) version 2.2 to collect, analyze, and report, data on mental health services offered in 2020 in the west region of Cameroon. We extracted our data from the registers of the different mental health facilities of the region and we interviewed staffs in these facilities and at the ministry of public health. Results The region is divided into 20 health districts, of which 06 offered mental health services. As a whole, Cameroon had a mental health policy, mental health plan, but no mental health legislation and emergency plan. There was no specific budget for mental health in the country. In the west region of Cameroon, there was no psychiatrist. Mental health services were offered by nurses, psychologists, general practitioner and neurologists; representing 1.87 human resources in mental health facilities per 100,000 population, of which 1.4 were nurses. 1 in 1.4 of these nurses worked in the main city. There was no formal link of mental health services with other sectors and no publication in the previous 5 years about mental health in the region referenced on PubMed. Conclusion In 2020, access too mental health services in the west region of Cameroon was unequitable, and was not supported by scientific evidence.
Salmonella Meningitis in Chinese Children: A Series of Three Cases Over A 13-Year Period
Authors: Zhao Jing-Li , Hua Chun-Zhen , Zhou Ming-Ming , Wang Hong-Jiao , Xie Yong-Ping , Wang Gao-Liang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Salmonella is a common pathogen for gastroenteritis, but it rarely causes intracranial infection in China. To improve the understanding of pediatric Salmonella meningitis, we report three cases of Salmonella meningitis in Chinese children.Case presentation: The patients were aged from 1 day to 14 months. Fever was the first symptom in two patients, while loose stool with a little mucus occurred in one patient during the course of disease. Peripheral white blood cell count, neutrophils count, and C-reactive protein were 20.08 - 25.2 *109/L, 15.4 - 19.7 *109/L, and 1.6 - >160 mg/L, respectively. CSF analysis showed that white blood cell count, glucose, and protein were 70 - 1473 *106/L, 0.18 - 3.19 mmol/L, and 598.1 - 6639.0 mg/L, respectively. Three isolates of Salmonella were detected in cerebrospinal fluid cultures, including Salmonella newport, Salmonella paratyphi, and Salmonella typhimurium (one case per each). All strains were sensitive to ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, cefoperazone / sulbactam, meropenem, and imipenem, while one strain was resistant to ampicillin. The blood cultures were all negative. All patients were treated with carbapenems after failed therapies of cefotaxime or ceftriaxone, for a total duration of 3 - 5 weeks. One patient died, and subdural effusion occurred in one of the two survivors. Conclusions: Salmonella meningitis was rare, but the clinical conditions were serious. Carbapenems might be the first choice for treating Salmonella meningitis.
The Caucasus Territory Hot-Cold Spots Determination and Description Using 2D Surface Waves Tomography
Authors: Abrehdari Seyed Hossein , Karapetyan Jon K. , Rahimi Habib , Gyodakyan Eduard 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Many questions have been raised about the thermal-mechanical development of faults movement, passive margins based on the effects of plate-boundary interactions, lithospheric processes, and mantle activity, in addition to continental thinning and generally the heat beneath our feet. This study attempts to identify and describe the hot-cold spots deep inside the Earth by using the 2D tomography velocity images obtained from surface wave seismic interferometry and regional tectonic activities in different geological units of the Caucasus region continent-continent ongoing collisional-compressed edge of the Eurasian-Arabic plates. Furthermore, this study could be helpful in identifying and proper understanding of the location of hotspots as renewable energy resources (geothermal) in areas near tectonic plate boundaries, rocks, arcs, and sediment interactions. To conduct this, after the preliminary correction of the raw data, a generalized 2D linear inversion procedure has been applied to construct the surface wave tomography to generate group velocity maps in a period range of 5-70 seconds and grid spacing of 0.2º×0.5º. The digital records of 800 earthquakes (M≥4) have been collected over the Caucasus region and these signals, recorded during the period of 1999-2018, come from 45 three-component broadband and short-period digital stations.
Body Mass Index and Healthcare Costs: Using Genetic Variants from the HUNT Study as Instrumental Variables
Authors: Edwards Christina Hansen , Vie Gunnhild Åberge , Edwards Christina Hansen 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Past studies have found associations between obesity and healthcare costs, however, these studies have suffered from bias due to omitted variables, reverse causality, and omitted variables. Methods: We used genetic variants related to body mass index (BMI) as instruments for BMI; thereby exploiting the natural randomization of genetic variants that occurs at conception. We used data on measured height and weight, genetic information, and sociodemographic factors from the Nord-Trøndelag Health Studies (HUNT), and individual-level registry data on healthcare costs, educational level, registration status, and biological relatives. We studied associations between BMI and general practitioner (GP)-, specialist-, and total healthcare costs in the Norwegian setting using instrumental variable (IV) regressions, and compared our findings with effect estimates from ordinary least squares (OLS) regressions. The sensitivity of our findings to underlying IV-assumptions was explored using two-sample Mendelian randomization methods, non-linear analyses, sex-, healthcare provider-, and age-specific analyses, within-family analyses, and outlier removal. We also conducted power calculations to assess the likelihood of detecting an effect given our sample 60 786 individuals.Results: We found that increased BMI resulted in significantly higher GP costs; however, the IV-based effect estimate was smaller than the OLS-based estimate. We found no evidence of an association between BMI and specialist or total healthcare costs. Conclusions: The effect of obesity on GP- and specialist costs may have been overestimated in previous studies.
Bakuchiol Dimers From Psoraleae Fructus That Inhibit Nitric Oxide Production in RAW264.7 Macrophages Cells
Authors: Xu Qingxia , Lv Qian , Liu Lu , Zhang Yingtao , Yang Xiuwei 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Dried fruit of Psoralea corylifolia L. (Psoraleae Fructus) is one of the most popular traditional Chinese medicine with treatment for nephritis, spermatorrhea, pollakiuria, asthma, and various inflammatory diseases. Bakuchiol is main meroterpenoid with bioactive diversity from Psoraleae Fructus.Methods: Various column chromatography methods were used for isolation experiment. Structures and configurations of these compounds were determined by spectroscopic methods and single-crystal X-ray diﬀraction. Their inhibition on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages were evaluated by the Griess reaction.Results: Twelve unpresented bakuchiol dimmers, bisbakuchiols M–U (1–9) and bisbakuchiol ethers A–C (10–12), along with five known compounds (13–17), were isolated from the fruits of Psoralea corylifolia L. Compounds 1–3 and 10–14 exhibited inhibitory activities against LPS-induced NO production in RAW264.7 macrophages, and the inhibition of compound 1 (IC50 = 11.47 ± 1.57 μM) was equal to that of L-NIL (IC50 = 10.29 ± 1.10 μM) as a positive control.Conclusions: Seventeen bakuchiol dimers (1–17), including 12 undescribed dimers and 5 known compounds, were isolated. Bisbakuchiol M (1), whose other bakuchiol unit was cyclized to form a 6/6/5 tricyclic system, was a new skeleton compound. Some compounds exhibited NO inhibition activities and the inhibition of compound 1 was equal to that of L-NIL, a positive control. These findings suggested that Psoraleae Fructus provided natural anti-inflammatory constituents and bisbakuchiol M had the potential to be novel NO inhibitor.
Severe Adaptive Immune Suppression May be Why Patients with Severe COVID-19 Cannot be Discharged From the ICU Even After Negative Viral Tests
Authors: Zhou Yue , Liao Xuelian , Song Xiangrong , He Min , Xiao Fei , Jin Xiaodong , Xie Xiaoqi , Zhang Zhongwei , Wang Bo , Zhou Chenliang , Kang Yan , Zhang Wei 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, a phenomenon emerged in which some patients with severe disease were critically ill and could not be discharged from the ICU even though they exhibited negative viral tests. In general, continuous negative viral tests are thought to indicate that the virus has been cleared from the body and that the patients can be considered "recovered". However, because these patients were still critically ill, they obviously had not truly recovered from the disease. We sought to investigate why these patients were still critically ill even though they exhibited negative viral tests by analyzing the gene expression profiles of their peripheral immune cells using transcriptome sequencing.Methods: Fourteen severe COVID-19 patients with at least 3 negative virus tests but were still in critical ill and could not be discharged from the ICU were enrolled. Blood samples from 14 patients and 5 healthy donors were collected. Total RNA was extracted from nucleated cells for RNA-Sequencing. FeatureCounts v1.5.0-p3 was used to count the reads numbers mapped to each gene. Results: All enrolled patients, regardless of changes in genes related to different symptoms and inflammatory responses, showed universally and severely decreased expression of adaptive immunity-related genes, especially those related to T/B cell arms and HLA molecules, and that these patients exhibited long-term secondary infections. This adaptive immune suppression is unlikely due to classic immune checkpoint molecules such as PD-1 or long-term use of glucocorticoids but may be caused by an unknown mechanism that has not yet been discovered.Conclusions: Our findings strongly suggest that an initial recovery of these severe COVID-19 patients, as indicated by negative viral tests, may not indicate actual recovery. They still suffer from secondary infections for a long period of time because of severe adaptive immunosuppression and need to receive a variety of antibiotics, antifungal drugs, or combination therapies. Appropriate methods should be used to detect their adaptive immune function, and appropriate immunotherapy that can activate the adaptive immune response should be developed. Trial registration: Not applicable (this study does not involve intervention on human participants).
Interactome Based Identification and Validation of Prefoldin 5α for Prognosing CNS Leukemia in B-All Patients
Authors: Xavier Tessy , Vijayachandran Lakshmi Sumitra , Mony Ullas , Augustine Anitha , Sidharthan Neeraj , Keechilat Pavithran , Sundaram K.R , Menon Krishnakumar N 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe gold standard for central nervous system (CNS) B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) diagnosis is cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology with poor sensitivity. Thus, prophylactic intrathecal chemotherapy is implemented, which has severe neurological consequences necessitating discovery of CNS leukemia prognostic markers. MethodsTwo-dimensional (2D) far-western interactome analysis was performed to identify CNS+ve/-ve B-ALL CSF reactivity to lymphoblastic proteins profiled on a 2D-western blot. Those specific CNS+ve reacting spots were identified using mass spectrometry. The identified proteins were further validated by both 1D western and ELISA. An ROC curve was generated to identify the cut-off value for prognostication of CNS leukemia in B-ALL patients. ResultsUsing interactome analysis with B-ALL CNS+ve/-ve CSF, we identified prefoldin 5α (PFDN5α), cytokine induced protein 29 (CIP29), enoyl CoA hydratase (ECH1) and peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6). Among these proteins, PFDN5α showed statistically significant consistent low reactivity to CNS+ve CSF compared to CNS-ve. Further validation of PFDN5α-CSF reactivity using 1D western and ELISA platform confirmed our interactome analysis. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis generated from B-ALL CNS +ve (n = 25) and –ve (n = 40) CSF samples identified PFDN5α-CSF reactivity cut-off value as 0.456. In contrast, CIP29, ECH1 and PRDX6 proteins did not show any differences in CSF reactivity as seen in interactome analysis. ConclusionsUsing far-western interactome approach, we identified the prognostic significance of PFDN5α in predicting CNS leukemia. Further validation by 1D western and ELISA confirmed the significance of differential CSF reactivity of CNS+ve/-ve B-ALL CSF to PFDN5α towards prognostication of CNS leukemia. ROC curve analysis identified the cut-off value for CNS leukemia prediction as 0.456. Values above or below 0.456 could discriminate B-ALL patients either not requiring or requiring intrathecal chemotherapy respectively. Considering the prophylactic chemotherapy associated neurological consequences, PFDN5α-CSF reactivity based prognosis of CNS leukemia is important in avoiding prophylactic intrathecal chemotherapy for the effective clinical management of patients.
The Complete Chloroplast Genome of Chinese Hickory (Carya Cathayensis) and Genetic Comparison to Its Closely Related Species
Authors: Zhu Xiangtao , Shen Jianshuang , Li Xueqin , Chen Xia , Huang Xiaoling , Jin Songheng 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Carya cathayensis, an important economic nut tree, is narrowly endemic to Eastern China in the wild. Although the nuclear genome of this plant has been reported recently, its chloroplast (cp) genome is yet to be decrypted. Results: Here, the complete cp genome of C. cathayensis was sequenced with NGS Illumina HiSeq2500, analyzed, and compared to its closely related species. The cp genome is 160,825 bp in length with an overall GC content of 36.13%. It displays a quadripartite structure with a large single copy (LSC) region of 90,127 bp and a small single copy (SSC) region of 18,760 bp, separated by a pair of inverted repeats (IRs) of 25,969 bp. The genome contains 131 genes, including 86 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and eight rRNA genes. The codon usage frequency and repeat sequences (including 252 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and 55 long-repeats were identified. Conclusions: Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Juglandaceae is monophyletic, and that C. cathayensis is sister to C. kweichowensis and C. sinensis. Comparison of the C. cathayensis cp genome with those of the closely related species in Juglandaceae revealed that the noncoding regions are highly mutated, suggesting a great potential in phylogenetic researches. The newly characterized cp genome of C. cathayensis provides valuable information for further studies of this economically important species.
Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome Association with Aging and Ocular Changes in Cornea, Lens, Retina
Authors: Rumelaitienė Ugnė , Žaliūnienė Dalia , Špečkauskas Martynas , Tamošiūnas Abdonas , Radišauskas Ričardas , Peto Tunde , Larsen Morten Bøgelund , Bernotienė Gailutė 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To examine the 10-year incidence of the pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX), possible risk factors of PEX, and its association with aging and ocular changes in cornea, lens, retina within a population-based follow-up study.Methods: The baseline examination was conducted in 2006 on a random sample of 1,033 adult participants from Kaunas city (Lithuania) population. Out of them 631 participants returned to the follow-up study in 2016. Ophthalmological examination included keratometry, central corneal pachymetry, after diagnostic mydriasis lens opacification was evaluated by LOCS III International classification, PEX was diagnosed by the presence of typical grayish-white exfoliation material on the anterior capsule surface of the lens.Results: During the 10 years follow-up, the prevalence of the PEX increased from 9.8% to 34.2%. Nuclear cataract was diagnosed the most both in the PEX-group and those without, however, there was no statistically significantly increased risk of developing cataract in those with PEX when compared to those without PEX (OR 1.2; p=0.61). Central corneal thickness (CCT) was thinner in PEX group (529±34μm) and in the eldest group (525±36μm) (p<0.001). Compared to baseline, corneal curvature (CC) became steeper both in the PEX and the no-PEX groups during the follow-up (p=0.013), but the difference didn’t reach significance between groups. The biggest part of corneal astigmatism was with-the-rule in no-PEX and PEX groups (37 vs 148; p>0.05). The age, sex and PEX had no influence to age related macular degeneration distribution.Conclusion: The prevalence of the PEX increased significantly with age. CCT was thinner in PEX group and in elder people. CC was flatter in PEX group.