bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection and therapy of neuroblastoma minimal residual disease using [64/67Cu]Cu-SARTATE in a preclinical model of hepatic metastases
Authors: Dearling Jason L. J. , van Dam Ellen M. , Harris Matthew J. , Packard Alan B. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
A major challenge to the long-term success of neuroblastoma therapy is widespread metastases that survive initial therapy as minimal residual disease (MRD). The SSTR2 receptor is expressed by most neuroblastoma tumors making it an attractive target for molecularly targeted radionuclide therapy. SARTATE consists of octreotate, which targets the SSTR2 receptor, conjugated to MeCOSar, a bifunctional chelator with high affinity for copper. Cu-SARTATE offers the potential to both detect and treat neuroblastoma MRD by using [64Cu]Cu-SARTATE to detect and monitor the disease and [67Cu]Cu-SARTATE as the companion therapeutic agent. In the present study, we tested this theranostic pair in a preclinical model of neuroblastoma MRD. An intrahepatic model of metastatic neuroblastoma was established using IMR32 cells in nude mice. The biodistribution of [64Cu]Cu-SARTATE was measured using small-animal PET and ex vivo tissue analysis. Survival studies were carried out using the same model: mice (6–8 mice/group) were given single doses of saline, or 9.25 MBq (250 µCi), or 18.5 MBq (500 µCi) of [67Cu]Cu-SARTATE at either 2 or 4 weeks after tumor cell inoculation.

Results
PET imaging and ex vivo biodistribution confirmed tumor uptake of [64Cu]Cu-SARTATE and rapid clearance from other tissues. The major clearance tissues were the kidneys (15.6 ± 5.8% IA/g at 24 h post-injection, 11.5 ± 2.8% IA/g at 48 h, n = 3/4). Autoradiography and histological analysis confirmed [64Cu]Cu-SARTATE uptake in viable, SSTR2-positive tumor regions with mean tumor uptakes of 14.1–25.0% IA/g at 24 h. [67Cu]Cu-SARTATE therapy was effective when started 2 weeks after tumor cell inoculation, extending survival by an average of 13 days (30%) compared with the untreated group (mean survival of control group 43.0 ± 8.1 days vs. 55.6 ± 9.1 days for the treated group; p = 0.012). No significant therapeutic effect was observed when [67Cu]Cu-SARTATE was started 4 weeks after tumor cell inoculation, when the tumors would have been larger (control group 14.6 ± 8.5 days; 9.25 MBq group 9.5 ± 1.6 days; 18.5 MBq group 15.6 ± 4.1 days; p = 0.064).

Conclusions
Clinical experiences of peptide-receptor radionuclide therapy for metastatic disease have been encouraging. This study demonstrates the potential for a theranostic approach using [64/67Cu]Cu-SARTATE for the detection and treatment of SSTR2-positive neuroblastoma MRD.
Expression analysis of tissue factor pathway inhibitors TFPI-1 and TFPI-2 in Paralichthys olivaceus and antibacterial and anticancer activity of derived peptides
Authors: Wang Guanghua , Xie Bing , Su Yanli , Gu Qinqin , Hao Dongfang , Liu Hongmei , Wang Changbiao , Hu Yonghua , Zhang Min 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTissue factor pathway inhibitors (TFPI), including TFPI-1 and TFPI-2, are Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitors that mainly inhibit the blood coagulation induced by tissue factors. Previous reports on teleost proved TFPI play important roles in innate immunity. In this study, two TFPI (PoTFPI-1 and PoTFPI-2) molecules from Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) were analyzed and characterized for their expression patterns, antibacterial and anticancer activities of the C-terminal derived peptides. Quantitative real time RT-PCR analysis shows that constitutive PoTFPI-1 expression occurred, in increasing order, in the brain, muscle, spleen, gills, head kidney, blood, intestine, heart, and liver; PoTFPI-2 was expressed, in increasing order, in the brain, gills, head kidney, muscle, intestine, spleen, liver, heart, and blood. Under the stimulation of fish pathogens, both PoTFPI-1 and PoTFPI-2 expressions increased significantly in a manner that depended on the pathogens, tissue type, and infection stage. Furthermore, C-terminal peptides TP25 and TP26, derived from PoTFPI-1 and PoTFPI-2, respectively, were synthesized and proved to be active against Micrococcus luteus (for TP25 and TP26) and Staphylococcus aureus (for TP25) via retardation effects on bacterial nucleic acids. In addition, TP25 and TP26 also displayed significant inhibitory effects on human colon cancer cell line HT-29. These results reveal that both PoTFPI-1 and PoTFPI-2 play important roles in host innate immunity. The antibacterial activity and anticancer cells function of TP25 and TP26 will add new insights into the roles of teleost TFPI.
Analysis and control of the fractional chaotic Hopfield neural network
Authors: Mahmoud Emad E. , Jahanzaib Lone Seth , Trikha Pushali , Almaghrabi Omar A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe fractional Hopfield neural network (HNN) model is studied here analyzing its symmetry, uniqueness of the solution, dissipativity, fixed points etc. A Lyapunov and bifurcation analysis of the system is done for specific as well as variable fractional order. Since a very long time ago, HNN has been carefully studied and applied in various fields. Because of the exceptional non-linearity of the neuron activation function, the HNN system is stoutly non-linear. Chaos control using adaptive SMC considering disturbances and uncertainties is done about randomly chosen points by designing suitable controllers. Numerical simulations performed in MATLAB verify the efficacy of the designed controllers.
A new numerical method to solve pantograph delay differential equations with convergence analysis
Authors: Jafari H. , Mahmoudi M. , Noori Skandari M. H. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe main aim presented in this article is to provide an efficient transferred Legendre pseudospectral method for solving pantograph delay differential equations. At the first step, we transform the problem into a continuous-time optimization problem and then utilize a transferred Legendre pseudospectral method to discretize the problem. By solving this discrete problem, we can attain the pointwise and continuous estimated solutions for the major pantograph delay differential equation. The convergence of method has been considered. Also, numerical experiments are described to show the performance and precision of the presented technique. Moreover, the obtained results are compared with those from other techniques.
A reaction-diffusion HFMD model with nonsmooth treatment function
Authors: Shi Lei , Zhao Hongyong , Wu Daiyong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a contagious viral illness that commonly affects infants and children. In some areas with high incidence of this disease, the relevant departments often use some strategies to strengthen treatment when the number of infected individuals exceeds a certain threshold. To assess the effectiveness of strengthening treatment strategies which depend on a certain threshold, we propose a new reaction-diffusion model with nonsmooth treatment function to investigate the spread of HFMD. In the case of the spatial domain being bounded, by defining the basic reproduction number$R_{0}$R0, we use Lyapunov theory to prove that the disease-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable as$R_{0}<1$R0<1, and the positive equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable as$R_{0}>1$R0>1. In the case of the spatial domain being linear and unbounded, in order to study how the movement of children impacts the spatial spread of HFMD, we further consider the traveling waves. Finally, numerical simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the theoretical analysis.
Measure of noncompactness for an infinite system of fractional Langevin equation in a sequence space
Authors: Salem Ahmed , Alshehri Hashim M. , Almaghamsi Lamya 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA new sequence space related to the space$\ell _{p}$ℓp,$1\leq p<\infty $1≤p<∞(the space of all absolutelyp-summable sequences) is established in the present paper. It turns out that it is Banach and aBKspace with Schauder basis. The Hausdorff measure of noncompactness of this space is presented and proven. This formula with the aid the Darbo’s fixed point theorem is used to investigate the existence results for an infinite system of Langevin equations involving generalized derivative of two distinct fractional orders with three-point boundary condition.
On a system of Riemann–Liouville fractional differential equations with coupled nonlocal boundary conditions
Authors: Luca Rodica 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe investigate the existence of solutions for a system of Riemann–Liouville fractional differential equations with nonlinearities dependent on fractional integrals, subject to coupled nonlocal boundary conditions which contain various fractional derivatives and Riemann–Stieltjes integrals. In the proof of our main results, we use some theorems from the fixed point theory.
Properties analysis of crosslinked chitosan microcapsules by multiple emulsification method
Authors: Ryu Su-Jin , Bae Hyun-Sook 
Published: February 2021

AbstractChemical based finishing agents often affect human body and environment. Therefore, in this study, eco-friendly microcapsules were manufactured to minimize the use of chemicals by using chitosan, a natural substance, as a wall material and basil oil as a core material. First, the optimum manufacturing conditions were established through the shape and size of the synthesized microcapsules. Second, the synthesis and thermal stability of the prepared microcapsules were evaluated. Finally, the applicability to functional fiber processing was reviewed by measuring the release characteristics of the microcapsules. Consequently, using 2 wt% chitosan, Triton X-100 as a emulsifier and stirring at 6000 rpm were considered to be efficient in terms of capsule formation. FT-IR spectrum and Gas Chromatograph showed that microcapsules were stably synthesized. And microcapsule containing basil oil was given heat resistance by encapsulation. Lastly, microcapsules can be confirmed to have sustained-release, due to basil oil in microcapsules has a small amount of release up to 10 h, and is continuously released until after 60 h to release slowly, As a result, the manufactured microcapsules finishing agent may be applied to finishing of textile product.
Incidence and predictors of tuberculosis among HIV patients after initiation of antiretroviral treatment in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Azanaw Melkalem Mamuye , Derseh Nebiyu Mekonnen , Yetemegn Gebeyehu Shumuye , Angaw Dessie Abebaw 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundTuberculosis is the oldest infectious disease and it is still the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Even though several primary studies have been conducted on the incidence of tuberculosis among HIV-infected individuals in Ethiopia, national-level tuberculosis incidence is unknown. Therefore, this study is aimed to assess the TB incidence rate and its predictors among HIV-infected individuals after the initiation of ART in Ethiopia.MethodsWe conducted an extensive search of literature as indicated in the guideline of reporting systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA). The databases used were PubMed, Google Scholar, and HINARI literature. We used the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument for critical appraisal of studies. The meta-analysis and Meta regressions were conducted using STATA 14 software. Met-analysis and meta-regression were computed to present the pooled incidence rate and predictors of tuberculosis among HIV-infected patients after initiation of ART with a 95% confidence interval.ResultsAmong a total of 189 studies, 11 studies were included in this analysis. The estimated pooled incidence rate of TB per 100-person year observation (PYO) among HIV-infected patients after initiation of ART therapy was 4.8(95% CI 3.69–5.83). In subgroup analysis, the estimated pooled incidence of tuberculosis showed a slight difference between adults and children after initiation of ART treatment, which was 4.3 (95% CI 2.96, 5.71) and 5.0 (95% CI 3.51, 6.50), respectively. Significantly pooled estimates of predictors of TB incidence by a meta-analysis were being anemic (2.30, 95% CI 1.75, 3.02); on clinical stages III and IV (2.26, 95% CI 1.70, 3.02); and not on cotrimoxazole preventive therapy (CPT) (2.16, 95% CI 1.23, 3.72). Besides, a meta-regression revealed that CD4 <200 cells/mm3(2.12, 95% CI 1.17, 3.86) was a positive significant predictor of TB among HIV patients after the initiation of ART.ConclusionsThe current study showed that the pooled incidence of TB among HIV patients was found to be lower than the WHO 2018 national estimate. Being anemic, WHO stages III and IV, not on CPT, CD4<200cells/μl, and being male were significant predictors of tuberculosis. Therefore, the existing strategies to decrease TB should be strengthening.Study protocol registrationCRD42020155573.
Medicinal plants and their components for wound healing applications
Authors: Sharma Akshay , Khanna Suryamani , Kaur Gaganjot , Singh Inderbir 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Wound is an anatomical and functional disruption of the skin following an injury. In response to the injury, wound healing is a complex process of tissue repair or remodeling. Historically, plants and plant-based constituents have been extensively used for the treatment and management of different types of wounds. In the current times, different types of biopolymers are being researched for developing economical, sustainable, stable, and effective delivery system for the treatment of wounds.

Main text
The present review article attempts to enlist medicinal plants which have been reported to be effective in the treatment of wounds. Plant constituent-based wound dressings have also been discussed systematically including patented formulations reported by different inventors.

Conclusion
The compiled data aims to update the researchers/scientists which will be helpful in providing them a directional view in understanding the role and importance of plant-based components for the treatment and management of wounds.
Pharmaceutical applications of citric acid
Authors: Nangare Sopan , Vispute Yogini , Tade Rahul , Dugam Shailesh , Patil Pravin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Citric acid (CA) is a universal plant and animal-metabolism intermediate. It is a commodity chemical processed and widely used around the world as an excellent pharmaceutical excipient. Notably, CA is offering assorted significant properties viz. biodegradability, biocompatibility, hydrophilicity, safety, etc. Therefore, CA is broadly employed in many sectors including foodstuffs, beverages, pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and cosmetics as a flavoring agent, sequestering agent, buffering agent, etc. From the beginning, CA is a regular ingredient for cosmetic pH-adjustment and as a metallic ion chelator in antioxidant systems. In addition, it is used to improve the taste of pharmaceuticals such as syrups, solutions, elixirs, etc. Furthermore, free CA is also employed as an acidulant in mild astringent preparations.

Main text
In essence, it is estimated that the functionality present in CA provides excellent assets in pharmaceutical applications such as cross-linking, release-modifying capacity, interaction with molecules, capping and coating agent, branched polymer nanoconjugates, gas generating agent, etc. Mainly, the center of attention of the review is to deliver an impression of the CA-based pharmaceutical applications.

Conclusion
In conclusion, CA is reconnoitered for multiple novels pharmaceutical and biomedical/applications including as a green crosslinker, release modifier, monomer/branched polymer, capping and coating agent, novel disintegrant, absorption enhancer, etc. In the future, CA can be utilized as an excellent substitute for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications.

Graphical abstract
The efficacy of delayed, repeated reduction enema in management of intussusception
Authors: Fakhry Tamer , Fawzy Ahmed Nabil , Mahdy Ahmed Taher 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Management of intussusception varies according to the case, time of presentation, cause, and symptoms. In this study, we focus on describing the demographic and sonographic characteristics of children with intussusception with failed initial enema reduction who were managed by delayed repeated enema attempts and identify predictors associated with successful repeated reduction.

Results
This study was conducted in the period from December 2018 to April 2020 at university hospitals (pediatric surgery unit). This study included 40 patients with intussusceptions; 27 are males, and 13 of them are females. Their ages ranged from 5 months to 3 years old. Patients in this study had failed initial enema reduction attempts under sonographic guidance and had subsequent delayed (≥ 2 h from the initial attempt) repeated enemas made up the study population.
Of the 40 patients, 34 patients (85%) were successfully reduced, and 6 patients (15%) failed reduction and required surgical intervention. There were no deaths, perforation, or resection of gangrenous bowel. Two cases showed recurrences, but required no surgical intervention. It is also noted that early presentation (< 12 h), stable, non-complicated, and with little or no bloody diarrhea are predictors of successful DRE.

Conclusion
Delayed repeated enema in the treatment of intussusception is a viable option in patients with unsuccessful initial enema reduction provided that early presentation, stable vitals, and no signs of perforation or peritonitis are present.
Continuous versus Intermittent Dieting for Fat Loss and Fat-Free Mass Retention in Resistance-trained Adults: The ICECAP Trial
Authors: PEOS JACKSON J. , HELMS ERIC R. , FOURNIER PAUL A. , ONG JULIAN , HALL CARLY , KRIEGER JAMES , SAINSBURY AMANDA 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Can intermittent energy restriction (IER) improve fat loss and fat-free mass retention compared with continuous energy restriction (CER) in resistance-trained adults?

Methods
Sixty-one adults (32 women) with a mean (SD) age of 28.7 (6.5) yr, body weight of 77.2 (16.1) kg, and body fat of 25.5% (6.1%) were randomized to 12 wk of 1) 4 × 3 wk of moderate (m) energy restriction interspersed with 3 × 1 wk of energy balance (mIER; n = 30; 15 wk total) or 2) 12 wk of continuous moderate energy restriction (mCER; n = 31). Analyses of all outcome measures were by intention-to-treat.

Results
After accounting for baseline differences, mIER did not result in lower fat mass or body weight, or greater fat-free mass, compared with mCER after energy restriction. Mean (and 97.5% confidence interval for fat mass at the end of mIER versus mCER was 15.3 (12.5–18.0) kg versus 18.0 (14.3–21.7) kg (P = 0.321), that for fat-free mass was 56.7 (51.5–61.9) kg versus 56.7 (51.4–62.0) kg (P = 0.309), and that for body weight (with 95% confidence interval) was 72.1 (66.4–77.9) versus 74.6 (69.3–80.0) (P = 0.283). There were no differences between interventions in muscle strength or endurance or in resting energy expenditure, leptin, testosterone, insulin-like growth factor-1, free 3,3′,5-triiodothyronine or active ghrelin, or in sleep, muscle dysmorphia, or eating disorder behaviors. However, participants in mIER exhibited lower hunger (P = 0.002) and desire to eat (P = 0.014) compared with those in mCER, and greater satisfaction (P = 0.016) and peptide YY (P = 0.034).

Conclusions
Similar fat loss and fat-free mass retention are achieved with mIER and mCER during 12 wk of energy restriction; however, mIER is associated with reduced appetite.
Predicting Cardiorespiratory Fitness Using the 20-m Shuttle Run Test: New Insights Using Nonlinear Allometry
Authors: NEVILL ALAN M. , DE MENEZES-JUNIOR FRANCISCO JOSÉ , DE JESUS ÍNCARE CORREA , DE FATIMA AGUIAR LOPES MARIA , CORAZZA PATRICIA RIBEIRO PAES , TADIOTTO MAIARA CRISTINA , MOTA JORGE , LEITE NEIVA 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Recently, doubts have been raised concerning the validity of the 20-m shuttle run test (20mSRT) to predict cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in youth. Despite these doubts, authors continue to provide powerful evidence that CRF can be predicted reliably using the 20mSRT albeit using contrasting models. Therefore, we aimed to compare a new linear model with an alternative allometric model to predict CRF (peak oxygen uptake, V˙O2peak) using the 20mSRT.

Methods
The study included 148 adolescents (43% girls) age 13.37 ± 1.84 yr. Adolescents were randomly assigned to validation (n = 91) and cross-validation (n = 57) groups. V˙O2peak was measured using a gas analyzer in both maximal exercise tests in the laboratory and the 20mSRT. Multiple linear regression methods were applied to develop the linear models using the 20mSRT (laps), body mass index, and body fat percentage. Alternative allometric models were also proposed/fitted using the 20mSRT (laps), height, and body mass.

Results
The criterion validity values of both the linear and the allomeric models were found to be acceptable, with R
2 = 82.5% and 82.7% respectively, providing reassuring evidence that the 20mSRT can be used with confidence to predict CRF. However, the allometric model identified a height-to-mass ratio, not dissimilar to the inverse body mass index (known to be a measure of leanness), to be associated with CRF. The allometric model also revealed that the rise in energy cost (V˙O2peak) with increasing laps was exponential. This will more accurately reflect the nonlinear rise in energy demand of shuttle running as the test progresses to exhaustion.

Conclusions
These observations provided powerful evidence that allometric models are more than satisfactory in terms of both criterion and construct validity when predicting CRF (V˙O2peak) using the 20mSRT.
Respiratory and Perceptual Responses to High-Intensity Interval Exercise in Obese Adults
Authors: WONG MICHAEL W. H. , ROSS NICHOLAS A. , CHIEN LUNG-CHANG , BHAMMAR DHARINI M. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Although high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) has emerged as an attractive alternative to continuous exercise (CE), the effects of HIIE on ventilatory constraints and dyspnea on exertion have not been studied in obese adults, and thus, tolerability of HIIE in obese adults is unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine differences in respiratory and perceptual responses between HIIE and CE in nonobese and obese adults.

Methods
Ten nonobese (5 men; 24.1 ± 6.2 yr; body mass index, 23.0 ± 1.3 kg·m−2) and 10 obese (5 men; 24.2 ± 3.8 yr; body mass index, 37 ± 4.6 kg·m−2) adults participated in this study. Respiratory and perceptual responses were assessed during HIIE (eight 30-s intervals at 80% maximal work rate, with 45-s recovery periods) and two 6-min sessions of CE, completed below and above ventilatory threshold (Vth).

Results
Despite similar work rate, HIIE was completed at a higher relative intensity in obese when compared with nonobese participants (68.8% ± 9.4% vs 58.9% ± 5.6% maximal oxygen uptake, respectively; P = 0.01). Expiratory flow limitation and/or dynamic hyperinflation was present during HIIE in 50% of the obese but in none of the nonobese participants. Ratings of perceived breathlessness were highest during HIIE (5.3 ± 2.4), followed by CEaboveVth (2.5 ± 1.6), and CEbelowVth (0.9 ± 0.7; P < 0.05) in obese participants. Unpleasantness associated with breathlessness was higher in obese (4.2 ± 3.0) when compared with nonobese participants (0.6 ± 1.3; P = 0.005) during HIIE.

Conclusions
HIIE, when prescribed relative to maximal work rate, is associated with greater ventilatory constraints and dyspnea on exertion when compared with CE in obese adults. CE may be more tolerable when compared with HIIE for obese adults.