bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of a Nurse-Led, Patient-Centered, Gratitude Intervention on Patient Hospitalization Experience
Authors: Lindauer Cathleen , Speroni Karen Gabel , Godinez Kim , Lurz Taylor , Oakley Rossana , Zakes April 
Published: March 2021

OBJECTIVE
Objectives were to evaluate patient perceptions of a nurse-led, patient-centered gratitude intervention and if nurses identified actionable items to improve patient's hospitalization experience.

BACKGROUND
Research demonstrates positive effects of gratitude and caring interventions on patient health and well-being. Evidence is sparse regarding nurse-led gratitude interventions improving hospitalized patient's experiences.

METHODS
In this pilot study, 91 adult medical patients completed gratitude forms twice daily for up to 6 shifts and a study discharge form documenting intervention perceptions. In response to the patients' gratitude-related feedback, RNs recorded patient experience–related actions they and interprofessional teams could implement.

RESULTS
On average, patients perceived the nurse-led gratitude intervention as helpful (4.2) (1 = very unhelpful, 5 = very helpful) and improved hospitalization experiences (4.3) (1 = seldom, 5 = never). Most of the time actions were required or to be taken, based on patient gratitude intervention responses.

CONCLUSIONS
Patient perceptions of nurse-led gratitude intervention demonstrated helpfulness and improved hospitalization experience.
Prone Team
Authors: Wells Celia , Zhang Ziya , Huelskamp Stephen , Hughes Ellen , Aguila Dorothy , Sevillano Maria , Garrett Lisa , Acquah Samuel , Chan Christy , Kohli-Seth Roopa 
Published: March 2021

AIM
To identify strategies to improve time to prone in ICUs during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic for patients meeting the criteria for prone position ventilation.

BACKGROUND
Healthcare systems worldwide experienced an influx of COVID-19 patients, especially in critical care. COVID-19 patients are at risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Prone position ventilation is the standard of care for mechanically ventilated patients with moderate to severe ARDS. Prone maneuvers in and of itself are time-consuming and labor-intensive, posing additional risks to patients.

APPROACH
Our academic medical center developed a travel proning team to address the rapid increase in COVID-19 patients with ARDS necessitating prone positioning.

EVALUATION
Over a period of 30 days, 420 ICU patients were intubated, 131 had moderate to severe ARDS and underwent prone positioning. Patients were placed in prone position or returned to supine position more than 834 times over 38 days. At the highest point, 37 procedures were done in 24 hours.

CONCLUSION
This quality initiative demonstrated that utilization of a traveling proning team provides efficiency in time to prone. Developing a travel prone team allowed for efficiency in time to prone, supported the ICU clinical teams, and enhanced interdisciplinary collaboration, which is essential during times of crisis.
Gastric Venous Congestion After Total Pancreatectomy is Frequent and Dangerous
Authors: Loos Martin , Mehrabi Arianeb , Ramouz Ali , Contin Pietro , Strobel Oliver , Müller-Stich Beat P. , Mihaljevic Andre L. , Diener Markus K. , Schneider Martin , Berchtold Christoph , Al-Saeedi Mohammed , Goeppert Benjamin , Mayer Philipp , Feisst Manuel , Hinz Ulf , Weigand Markus A. , Hackert Thilo , Büchler Markus W. 
Published: March 2021

Objective:
The aim of this study was to determine the role of GVC in mortality after TP.

Background:
Data from a nationwide administrative database revealed that TP is associated with a 23% mortality rate in Germany.Methods: A total of 585 consecutive patients who had undergone TP (n = 514) or elective completion pancreatectomy (n = 71) between January 2015 and December 2019 were analyzed. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to identify risk factors for GVC and 90-day mortality. Results: GVC was observed in 163 patients (27.9%) requiring partial or total gastrectomy. Splenectomy (odds ratio 2.14, 95% confidence interval 1.253.80, P = 0.007) and coronary vein resection (odds ratio 5.49,95% confidence interval 3.19–9.64, P < 0.001) were independently associated with GVC. The overall 90-day mortality after TP was 4.1% (24 of 585 patients), 7.4% in patients with GVC and 2.8% in those without GVC (P = 0.014). Of the 24 patients who died after TP, 12 (50%) had GVC.

Conclusion:
GVC is a frequent albeit not well-known finding after TP, especially when splenectomy and resection of the coronary vein are performed. Adequate decision making for partial gastrectomy during TP is crucial. Insufficient gastric venous drainage after TP is life-threatening.
Thinking Beyond Giant Cell Arteritis in COVID-19 Times
Authors: Au Benjamin Wai Yin , Ku Dominic J. , Sheth Shivanand J. 
Published: March 2021

Background:
The coronavirus disease 2019 has displayed multi-system manifestations since its first presentation. This article highlights an unusual presentation of COVID-19 that was reviewed by our instituition's otolaryngology and ophthalmology team.

Methods:
We present 2 cases of COVID-19 which presented with unilateral otalgia and ipsilateral pulsatile headaches involving the temporal area. They were referred to the otolaryngology team for assessment of otalgia and subsequently referred to the ophthalmology team for possible giant cell arteritis (GCA). Both patients had no jaw claudication, scalp pain, or tenderness.

Results:
Serology testing showed raised C-reactive protein (CRP) but normal platelets and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Case 1 was tested for COVID-19 as part of a preoperative workup which returned positive. With a marked similarity in presentation, Case 2 was tested for COVID-19 which also returned positive.

Conclusions:
These 2 cases highlight another set of symptoms that COVID-19 patients may present with. In the context of a COVID-19 pandemic, if a patient presents symptoms similar to GCA but with isolated CRP, it should prompt consideration for COVID testing.
The Influence of Covid-19 Vaccine on Daily Cases, Hospitalization, and Death Rate in Tennessee: A Case Study in the United States
Authors: Roghani Ali 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe COVID-19 outbreak highlights the vulnerability to novel infections, and vaccination remains a foreseeable method to return to normal life. However, infrastructure is inadequate for the whole population to be vaccinated immediately. Therefore, policies have adopted a strategy to vaccinate the elderly and vulnerable population while delaying others. This study uses the Tennessee official statistic from the onset of COVID vaccination (17th of December 2021) to understand how age-specific vaccination strategies reduce daily cases, hospitalization, and death rate. The result shows that vaccination strategy can significantly influence the numbers of patients with COVID-19 in all age groups and lower hospitalization and death rates just in older age groups. The Elderly had a 95% lower death rate from December to March; however, and no change in the death rate in other age groups. The Hospitalization rate was reduced by 80% in this study cohort for people aged 80 or older, while people who were between 50 to 70 had almost the same hospitalization rate. The study indicates that vaccination targeting older age groups is the optimal way to avoid higher transmissions and reduce hospitalization and death rate for older groups.
The single-cell epigenetic regulatory landscape in mammalian perinatal testis development
Authors: Liao Jinyue , Suen Hoi Ching , Rao Shitao , Luk Alfred Chun Shui , Zhang Ruoyu , Lee Annie Wing Tung , Chan Ting Hei Thomas , Cheung Man Yee , Chu Ho Ting , So Hon Cheong , Hobbs Robin M. , Lee Tin-Lap 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSpermatogenesis depends on an orchestrated series of developing events in germ cells and full maturation of the somatic microenvironment. To date, the majority of efforts to study cellular heterogeneity in testis has been focused on single-cell gene expression rather than the chromatin landscape shaping gene expression. To advance our understanding of the regulatory programs underlying testicular cell types, we analyzed single-cell chromatin accessibility profiles in more than 25,000 cells from mouse developing testis. We showed that scATAC-Seq allowed us to deconvolve distinct cell populations and identify cis-regulatory elements (CREs) underlying cell type specification. We identified sets of transcription factors associated with cell type-specific accessibility, revealing novel regulators of cell fate specification and maintenance. Pseudotime reconstruction revealed detailed regulatory dynamics coordinating the sequential developmental progressions of germ cells and somatic cells. This high-resolution data also revealed putative stem cells within the Sertoli and Leydig cell populations. Further, we defined candidate target cell types and genes of several GWAS signals, including those associated with testosterone levels and coronary artery disease. Collectively, our data provide a blueprint of the ‘regulon’ of the mouse male germline and supporting somatic cells.
De novotranscriptome sequencing of the northern fowl mite,Ornithonyssus sylviarum, shed light into parasitiform poultry mites evolution and its chemoreceptor repertoires
Authors: Bhowmick Biswajit , Chen Huaqing , Lozano-Fernandez Jesus , Vizueta Joel , Ignell Rickard , Han Qian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe poultry red mite (PRM),Dermanyssus gallinae(De Geer), and the northern fowl mite (NFM),Ornithonyssus sylviarum(Canestrini and Fanzago), are the most serious pests of poultry, both of which have an expanding global prevalence. Research on NFM has been constrained by a lack of genomic and transcriptomic data. Here, we report and analyze the first transcriptome data for this species. A total of 28,999 unigenes were assembled, of which 19,750 (68.10%) were annotated using seven functional databases. The biological function of these unigenes was predicted using the GO, KOG, and KEGG databases. To gain insight into the chemosensory receptor-based system of parasitiform mites, we furthermore assessed the gene repertoire of gustatory receptors (GRs) and ionotropic receptors (IRs), both of which encode putative ligand-gated ion channel proteins. While these receptors are well characterized in insect model species, our understanding of chemosensory detection in mites and ticks is in its infancy. To address this paucity of data, we identified 9 IR/iGluRs and 2 GRs genes by analyzing transcriptome data in the NFM, while 9 GRs and 41 IR/iGluRs genes were annotated in the PRM genome. Taken together, the transcriptomic and genomic annotation of these two species provide a valuable reference for studies of parasitiform mites, and also helps to understand how chemosensory gene family expansion/contraction events may have been reshaped by an obligate parasitic lifestyle compared with their free-living closest relatives. Future studies should include additional species to validate this observation, and functional characterization of the identified proteins as a step forward in identifying tools for controlling these poultry pests.
Single-cell dynamics reveal a stress-induced decision between cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and apoptosis
Authors: Chun Bryan , Ngo Lavie , Saucerman Jeffrey J. 
Published: March 2021

SummaryCardiomyocyte hypertrophy and apoptosis underlie cardiomyopathies and heart failure. While previous studies have described hypertrophy or apoptosis at the level of cell populations, how individual cells commit to these distinct yet co-regulated fates is unclear. We developed a high-content microscopy approach to track single-cell hypertrophy and apoptosis dynamics, revealing new features and unique subpopulation responses. The catecholamine isoproterenol induced both analog hypertrophy and digital apoptosis. While high-dose isoproterenol induced mixed hypertrophy and apoptosis at the population level, we found that individual cells that hypertrophy are more likely to survive. Likewise, phenylephrine-induced hypertrophy was associated with survival at the single-cell level. Inhibiting caspase-3 reduced apoptosis and increased a cell’s likelihood of hypertrophy. Multinomial log-linear models demonstrate that a cell’s initial size and DNA content predict its susceptibility to hypertrophy or apoptosis. These data support a “grow or die” conceptual model for cardiomyocyte decisions. This work develops a single-cell profiling method to reveal that while hypertrophy and apoptosis often coincide at the population level, single cells that hypertrophy are protected from death.
Disruption of origin chromatin structure by helicase activation in the absence of DNA replication
Authors: Hoffman Rachel A. , MacAlpine David M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPrior to initiation of DNA replication, the eukaryotic helicase, Mcm2-7, must be activated to unwind DNA at replication start sites in early S-phase. To study helicase activation within origin chromatin, we constructed a conditional mutant of the polymerase α subunit Cdc17 (or Pol1) to prevent priming and block replication. Recovery of these cells at permissive conditions resulted in the generation of unreplicated gaps at origins, likely due to helicase activation prior to replication initiation. We used micrococcal nuclease (MNase)-based chromatin occupancy profiling under restrictive conditions to study chromatin dynamics associated with helicase activation. Helicase activation in the absence of DNA replication resulted in the disruption and disorganization of chromatin which extends up to one kilobase from early, efficient replication origins. The CMG holo-helicase complex also moves the same distance out from the origin, producing single-stranded DNA that activates the intra-S-phase checkpoint. Loss of the checkpoint did not regulate the progression and stalling of the CMG complex, but rather resulted in the disruption of chromatin at both early and late origins. Finally, we found that the local sequence context regulates helicase progression in the absence of DNA replication, suggesting that the helicase is intrinsically less processive when uncoupled from replication.
Subnuclear localisation is associated with gene activation not repression or parental origin at the imprintedDlk1-Dio3locus
Authors: Mashoodh Rahia , Hülsmann Lisa C. , Dearden Frances L. , Takahashi Nozomi , Ferguson-Smith Anne C. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAt interphase, de-condensed chromosomes have a non-random three-dimensional architecture within the nucleus, however, little is known about the extent to which nuclear organisation might influence expression orvice versa. Here, using imprinting as a model, we use 3D RNA- and DNA-fluorescence-in-situ-hybridisation in normal and mutant mouse embryonic stem cells to assess the relationship between imprinting control, gene expression and allelic distance from the nuclear periphery. We compared the two parentally inherited imprinted domains at theDlk1-Dio3domain and find a small but reproducible trend for the maternally inherited domain to be further away from the periphery if the maternally expressed geneGtl2/Meg3is active compared to when it is silenced. Using Zfp57KO ES cells, which harbour a paternal to maternal epigenotype switch, we observe active alleles significantly further away from the nuclear periphery with the distance from the periphery being proportional to the number of alleles active within the cell. This distribution of alleles suggests an activating effect of the nuclear interior rather than a repressive association with the nuclear periphery. Although we see a trend for the paternally inherited copy of the locus to be closer to the nuclear periphery, this appears to be linked to stochastic gene expression differences rather than parental origin. Our results suggest that transcriptional activity, rather than transcriptional repression or parental origin, defines sub-nuclear localisation at an endogenous imprinted domain.Author summaryGenomic imprinting is an epigenetically regulated process that results in the preferential expression of a subset of developmentally regulated genes from maternally or paternally inherited chromosomes. We have used imprinted genes as a model system to investigate the relationship between the localisation of genes within the cell nucleus and their active expression while at the same time distinguishing gene repression by genomic imprinting, and gene repression by other mechanisms that act on the active allele. We find that there is a significant correlation between transcription and distance to the edge of the nucleus for theGtl2/Meg3gene in the imprintedDlk1-Dio3region. However, this correlation has a very small effect size and the nuclear envelope, which is commonly thought to act as a repressive environment for gene expression, does not appear to play a major role. We show that position effects, which have been shown for artificially lamina-targeted genes, also exist for endogenous loci and consider the possible biological relevance of the observed small effect.
Expression bias in retinoic acid responsive genes defines variations in neural differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Kim Suel-Kee , Seo Seungmae , Stein-O’Brien Genevieve , Jaishankar Amritha , Ogawa Kazuya , Micali Nicola , Luria Victor , Karger Amir , Wang Yanhong , Hyde Thomas M. , Kleinman Joel E. , Voss Ty , Fertig Elana J. , Shin Joo-Heon , Bürli Roland , Cross Alan J. , Brandon Nicholas J. , Weinberger Daniel R. , Chenoweth Joshua G. , Hoeppner Daniel J. , Sestan Nenad , Colantuoni Carlo , McKay Ronald D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractVariability between human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) lines remains a challenge and opportunity in biomedicine. We identified differences in the early lineage emergence across hPSC lines that mapped on the antero-posterior axis of embryonic development. RNA-seq analysis revealed dynamic transcriptomic patterns that defined the emergence of mesendodermal versus neuroectodermal lineages conserved across hPSC lines and cell line-specific transcriptional signatures that were invariant across differentiation. The stable cell line-specific transcriptomic patterns predicted the retinoic acid (RA) response of the cell lines, resulting in distinct bias towards fore-versus hind-brain fates. Replicate hPSC lines and paired adult donor tissue demonstrated that cells from individual humans expressed unique and long-lasting transcriptomic signatures associated with evolutionarily recent genes. In addition to this genetic contribution, we found that replicate lines from a single donor showed divergent brain regional fates linked to distinct chromatin states, indicating that epigenetic mechanisms also contribute to neural fate differences. This variation in lineage bias and its correlation with RA responsive gene expression was also observed in a large collection of hPSC lines. These results define transcriptomic differences in hPSCs that initiate a critical early step specifying anterior or posterior neural fates.
4polar-STORM polarized super-resolution imaging of actin filament organization in cells
Authors: Rimoli Caio Vaz , Cruz Cesar Augusto Valades , Curcio Valentina , Mavrakis Manos , Brasselet Sophie 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAdvances in single-molecule localization microscopy are providing unprecedented insights into the nanometer-scale organization of protein assemblies in cells and thus a powerful means for interrogating biological function. However, localization imaging alone does not contain information on protein conformation and orientation, which constitute additional key signatures of protein function. Here, we present a new microscopy method which combines for the first time Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy (STORM) super-resolution imaging with single molecule orientation and wobbling measurements using a four polarization-resolved image splitting scheme. This new method, called 4polar-STORM, allows us to determine both single molecule localization and orientation in 2D and to infer their 3D orientation, and is compatible with high labelling densities and thus ideally placed for the determination of the organization of dense protein assemblies in cells. We demonstrate the potential of this new method by studying the nanometer-scale organization of dense actin filament assemblies driving cell adhesion and motility, and reveal bimodal distributions of actin filament orientations in the lamellipodium, which were previously only observed in electron microscopy studies. 4polar-STORM is fully compatible with 3D localization schemes and amenable to live-cell observations, and thus promises to provide new functional readouts by enabling nanometer-scale studies of orientational dynamics in a cellular context.
The Dynamic Continuum of Nanoscale Peptide Assemblies Facilitates Endocytosis and Endosomal Escape
Authors: He Hongjian , Guo Jiaqi , Xu Jiashu , Wang Jiaqing , Liu Shuang , Xu Bing 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTConsiderable number of works have reported alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enabled intracellular targeting by peptide assemblies, but little is known how these substrates of ALP enters cells. Here we show that the nanoscale assemblies of phosphopeptides, as a dynamic continuum, cluster ALP to enable caveolae mediated endocytosis (CME) and eventual endosomal escape. Specifically, fluorescent phosphopeptides, as substrates of tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP), undergo enzyme catalyzed self-assembly to form nanofibers. As shown by live cell imaging, the nanoparticles of phosphopeptides, being incubated with HEK293 cells overexpressing red fluorescent protein-tagged TNAP (TNAP-RFP), cluster TNAP-RFP in lipid rafts to enable CME, further dephosphorylation of the phosphopeptides form the peptide nanofibers for endosomal escape inside cells. Inhibiting TNAP, cleaving the membrane anchored TNAP, or disrupting lipid rafts abolishes the endocytosis. Moreover, decreasing the formation of peptide nanofibers prevents the endosomal escape. As the first study establishing a dynamic continuum of supramolecular assemblies for cellular uptake, this work not only illustrates an effective design for enzyme responsive supramolecular therapeutics, but also provides mechanism insights for understanding the dynamics of cellular uptakes of proteins or exogenous peptide aggregates at nanoscale.