bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Camera, Canvas, and Qibla: Late Ottoman Mobilities and the Fatih Mosque Painting
Authors: Göloğlu Sabiha 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This article discusses the multiple mobilities of images, photographs, photographers, viewers, and places by focusing on Miʿmarzade Muhammed ʿAli’s (d. 1938) oil-on-canvas painting, now located in the Fatih Mosque in Istanbul. It explores the limits, lives, possibilities, and uses of photographic views and the exchanges between photography, painting, and print media by investigating the geopolitics and geopiety of the Hamidian era (i.e., Sultan ʿAbdülhamid II, r. 1876–1909), the production and circulation of early photographs of Mecca and Medina, and the spatial tradition of qibla decorum. It examines the photographic oeuvres of Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje (d. 1936), al-Sayyid ʿAbd al-Ghaffar, and the committee of the Erkān-ı Ḥarbiyye (General Military Staff), including Muhammad Sadiq Bey (d. 1902), as well as the reproductions and changing contexts of these photographs. Furthermore, this article highlights the role of print media in the dissemination and mobilization of the photographic image and the malleable politics of representation, especially as it pertains to the two sacred cities of Mecca and Medina.
An SSI-Based STEAM Approach to Developing Science Programs
Authors: Mang Ha My Anna , Chu Hye-Eun , Martin Sonya N. , Kim Chan-Jong 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This study employed a multi-phased process to guide the development of an approach for integrating socio-scientific issues (SSI) and science, technology, engineering, arts, and mathematics (STEAM) education in a way that can reform how science is taught in schools to improve scientific literacy. This approach can help teachers connect science authentically to real-world issues that have social and cultural relevance to students’ everyday lives. To demonstrate how the approach could be used for curriculum development, the authors defined the dimensions and key principles of SSI-based STEAM teaching and translated the approach into a climate change program by using a 6E inquiry model, which emphasizes an “enactment” stage. This program was used to discuss the benefits and challenges of employing an SSI-based STEAM approach in classroom contexts. We conclude by discussing implications for using this approach to improve science learning opportunities in cross-cultural contexts, and we raise questions about the need for future research.
Middle Byzantine Parekklesia of Constantinople: Their History, Purpose, and New Data
Authors: Çetinkaya Halûk 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Recent restoration projects in Istanbul have brought to light new evidence related to the middle Byzantine (843–1204) churches of Istanbul. In particular, archaeological excavations have exposed previously unknown parts of the monastic churches. This article provides a brief construction history of the middle Byzantine churches of Istanbul and their later additions, and elucidates the purpose for which the latter were built. Thus, together with written sources, archaeological data may improve our understanding of these constructions. In particular, this article discusses the recent discovery of a funerary chapel outside the Pantokrator complex and the parekklesia unearthed at Vefa Kilise Camii.
How Does Innovation Affect Economic Growth? Evidence from G20 Countries
Authors: Sarangi Ajoy K , Pradhan Rudra P. , Nath Tamal , Maradana Rana P. , Roy Hiranmoy 
Published: December 2021

We study the interactions between innovation and economic growth in G20 countries over 1961–2019. We establish whether there is a temporal causality between these two variables. Employing the autoregressive distributive lag framework, our results expose a grid of short-run and long-run causal relationships between innovation and growth, including long-run unidirectional causality from innovation to economic growth. Overall, our findings shed light on the real effects of innovation on economic growth. JEL Codes: O38, O31, O32
Symmetry in Triple Hop Distance Hides Asymmetries in Knee Function After ACL Reconstruction in Athletes at Return to Sports
Authors: Kotsifaki Argyro , Van Rossom Sam , Whiteley Rodney , Korakakis Vasileios , Bahr Roald , Sideris Vasileios , Smith Philip Graham , Jonkers Ilse 
Published: December 2021

Background: After anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), a battery of strength and hop tests is frequently used to determine the readiness of an athlete to successfully return to sports. However, the anterior cruciate ligament reinjury rate remains alarmingly high. Purpose: To evaluate the lower limb function of athletes after ACLR at the time when they had been cleared to return to sports (RTS). We aimed to evaluate if passing discharge criteria ensures restoration of normal lower limb biomechanics in terms of kinematics, kinetics, work, and percentage work contribution during a triple hop for distance. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Integrated 3-dimensional motion analysis was performed in 24 male athletes after ACLR when cleared to RTS and 23 healthy male controls during the triple-hop test. The criteria for RTS were (1) clearance by the surgeon and the physical therapist, (2) completion of a sports-specific on-field rehabilitation program, and (3) limb symmetry index >90% after quadriceps strength and hop battery tests. Lower limb and trunk kinematics, as well as knee joint moments and work, were calculated. Between-limb differences (within athletes after ACLR) and between-group differences (between ACLR and control groups) were evaluated using mixed linear models. Results: Although achieving 97% limb symmetry in distance hopped and displaying almost 80% symmetry for knee work absorption in the second rebound and third landing, the ACLR cohorts demonstrated only 51% and 66% limb symmetry for knee work generation in the first and second rebound phases, respectively. During both work generation phases of the triple hop, the relative contribution of the involved knee was significantly smaller, with a prominent compensation from the hip joint ( P < .001, for all phases) as compared with the uninvolved limb and the controls. In addition, patients deployed a whole body compensatory strategy to account for the between-limb differences in knee function, mainly at the hip, pelvis, and trunk. Conclusion: Symmetry in the triple hop for distance masked important deficits in the knee joint work. These differences were more prominent during work generation (concentric-propulsive) than work absorption (eccentric-landing). Clinical Relevance: Symmetry in hop distance during the triple hop test masked significant asymmetries in knee function after ACLR and might not be the appropriate outcome to use as a discharge criterion. Differences between limbs in athletes after ACLR were more prominent during the power generation than the absorption phase.
Exploring the perceptions of the educational environment in online acupuncture learning during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Mao Huijuan , Wang Linang , Qin Meng , Wei Jianzi , Liu Sheng 
Published: December 2021

Objective: Students have had to adapt to a “new normal” of online education at home during the COVID-19 pandemic. This poses a considerable challenge to the conduct of online acupuncture courses. Here, we provide our experience and guidance for conducting an online experimental acupuncture course during the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to compare the different perceptions of undergraduates to the educational environment between online and face-to-face learning approaches. Methods: This study included senior undergraduates majoring in acupuncture during the academic years 2015 (face-to-face) and 2020 (online only) for the Experimental Acupuncture course. A survey was conducted at the end of this course. The Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure (DREEM) questionnaire was used to assess students’ perceptions. The results of students’ responses to online learning were compared with those assessed for face-to-face learning. Results: In total, 56/70 (80%) students in 2015 and 49/54 (91%) students in 2020 completed the questionnaire, respectively. Total DREEM scores were higher in the online learning group than in the face-to-face learning group (160.3 ± 21.9 vs 147.6 ± 17.9, p = 0.007), with improved students’ perceptions on four out of five dimensions (social self-perception, learning, atmosphere and academic self-perception). The positive aspects of their online learning experience included the acquisition of new knowledge and skills. The significant limitations of this course included the lack of practical classes. Conclusion: Students’ perceptions regarding the Experimental Acupuncture program were satisfactory for both online and face-to-face learning approaches, but even better with online learning. Online learning may be encouraged in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) education. However, a combination of face-to-face and online methods is likely to be required to maximize the benefits. We hope that our online Experimental Acupuncture program practices may assist in the development of online curricula for acupuncture during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Socioeconomic Gradients in Prostate Cancer Incidence Among Canadian Males: A Trend Analysis From 1992 to 2010
Authors: Hajizadeh Mohammad , Whelan Ashley , Johnston Grace M. , Urquhart Robin 
Published: December 2021

Introduction Understanding the effects of socioeconomic status on cancer incidence and their trends over time will help inform public health interventions for cancer control. This study sought to investigate trends in socioeconomic inequalities in prostate cancer incidence among Canadian males. Methods Using a census division level dataset (n = 280) constructed from the Canadian Cancer Registry, Canadian Census of Population (1992, 1996, 2001, 2006) and 2011 National Household Survey, we examined the effect of socioeconomic status on prostate cancer incidence among Canadian males between 1992 and 2010. The age-adjusted concentration index was used to quantify education/income-related inequalities in prostate cancer incidence. Results The crude prostate cancer incidence increased from 115 to 137 per 100 000 males in Canada from 1992 to 2010 with a peak in 2007. The rate increased significantly in all but three of four western provinces. The age-adjusted concentration index showed a higher concentration of prostate cancer diagnoses among males living in high-income neighbourhoods in Canada in particular from 1996 to 2005. In contrast, the index was higher among males living in less-educated neighbourhoods in the most recent study years (2006–2010). Conclusions The concentration of new prostate cancer cases among high-income populations in Canada may be explained by the rise of opportunistic screening of asymptomatic males; however, this should be studied in further detail. Since we found a higher incidence rate of prostate cancer among less-educated males in Canada in recent years, risk-benefit investigation of primary prevention and opportunistic screening for less-educated males is advised.
Risk factors for corneal epithelial wound healing: Can sex play a role?
Authors: Coco Giulia , Hamill Kevin J. , Troughton Lee D. , Kaye Stephen B. , Romano Vito 
Published: December 2021

Purpose To determine if sex is associated with corneal epithelial wound healing time in patients with persistent corneal epithelial defects (PCEDs). Methods Retrospective case series on patients with PCED from November 2014 to January 2019. Records of 127 patients with diagnosis of PCED were reviewed. Patients with an epithelial defect that lasted more than two weeks in the absence of an active corneal infection were included. Main outcome was corneal epithelial wound healing time. Results 55 patients (29 males) with a mean age of 65.3 ± 16.5 years were included. No difference was found between female and male patients in terms of risk factors, age, treatment strategies or intervals between visits (median of 15 days in females and 12 days in males; p = 0.24). Median duration of the PCED was 51 days (IQR 32-130), with a median number of 5 clinical visits (IQR 4-8). Female patients had significantly longer healing times (p = 0.004) and a corresponding increase in the number of clinical visits (median of 7 visits vs. 5 clinical visits in males, p = 0.012). Conclusion Results from this study suggest female patients with PCED might have a longer corneal epithelial wound healing duration and may therefore require earlier intervention.
Does total hip arthroplasty with high hip centre in dysplasia compromise acetabular bone stock?
Authors: Kannan Arun , Madurawe Chameka , Pierrepont Jim , McMahon Stephen 
Published: December 2021

Background: The placement of uncemented acetabular components during total hip arthroplasty (THA) in Crowe II and Crowe III dysplasia can be at the anatomic or high hip centre position. Purposes: Using computerised tomography data, we simulated acetabular cup placement at the anatomic hip centre and the high hip centre positions to assess whether there is a difference between the 2 in terms of bone loss from acetabular reaming and in acetabular coverage by host bone. Methods: The study population included a consecutive cohort of 19 patients (22 hips) with Crowe II or III dysplasia. 3-dimensional models of the pelvis were created for each patient and digital templating was used to determine the anatomic and high hip centre positions. The coordinates of the digitally templated cup positions were fed into an image processing software to estimate the amount of bone reamed, the cup coverage by host bone and the elevation from tear drop. Results: The mean volume of bone reamed was greater in the high hip centre position as compared to the anatomic position (27.3 ± 11. 4 cm3 vs. 19.4 ± 12.2 cm3, p  < 0.0001). The coverage of the acetabular cup by host bone was greater in the high hip centre position (87.3 ± 5.9% vs. 68.3 ± 10%). The mean elevation in the high hip centre group was 13 mm with 3 hips having a breach of the medial wall. Conclusions: In Crowe II and III dysplasia, placement of acetabular cups at the anatomic hip centre better preserves bone stock as compared to high hip centre placement and should be preferred in young patients requiring THA.
Re-Validation of the COmprehensive Score for Financial Toxicity (COST): Assessing the Scale’s Utility in Chronic Disease Populations
Authors: Pavela G , Fifolt M , Tison SE , Allison M , Burton BS , Ford EW 
Published: December 2021

Objective: To report the psychometric properties of the COmprehensive Score for financial Toxicity (COST) patient-reported outcome measure (PROM), an 11-item scale previously validated among patients diagnosed with cancer and receiving chemotherapy. Methods: Data come from a cross-sectional survey (n = 2755 response rate of 87%) of participants in a remote digital health coaching intervention collected between January 2017 and February 2019. Results: COST demonstrated very good internal consistency ( Cronbach’s alpha = .89) and good convergent validity. Lower financial toxicity was associated with improved physical and mental well-being HRQOL measures after controlling for covariates ( b = 0.13, P < .0001; b = 0.28, P < .0001, respectively). Supplemental analyses indicated that the COST instrument loaded on 2 factors. Conclusions: The COST measure of financial toxicity has good internal consistency and predictive validity in a sample of patients with chronic conditions. However, contrary to previous research examining the psychometric properties of COST in a sample of individuals with cancer, which found COST to be unidimensional, our analyses indicated that the COST measure of financial toxicity is multidimensional in a sample of individuals with chronic conditions. In particular, the items that asked about “general financial wellbeing” loaded on the second factor while “illness-related financial wellbeing” loaded on the first.
Embedded trials within national clinical audit programmes: A qualitative interview study of enablers and barriers
Authors: Alderson Sarah , Willis Thomas A , Wood Su , Lorencatto Fabiana , Francis Jill , Ivers Noah , Grimshaw Jeremy , Foy Robbie 
Published: December 2021

Background Audit and feedback entails systematic documentation of clinical performance based on explicit criteria or standards which is then fed back to professionals in a structured manner. There are potential significant returns on investment from partnerships between existing clinical audit programmes in coordinated programmes of research to test ways of improving the effect of their feedback to drive greater improvements in health care delivery and population outcomes. We explored barriers to and enablers of embedding audit and feedback trials within clinical audit programmes. Methods We purposively recruited participants with varied experience in embedded trials in audit programmes. We conducted qualitative semi-structured interviews, guided by behavioural theory, with researchers, clinical audit programme staff and health care professionals. Recorded interviews were transcribed, and data coded and thematically analysed. Results We interviewed 31 participants (9 feedback researchers, 14 audit staff and 8 healthcare professionals, many having dual roles). We identified barriers and enablers for all 14 theoretical domains but no relationship between domains and participant role. We identified four optimal conditions for sustainable collaboration from the perspectives of stakeholders: resources, that is, recognition that audit programmes need to create capacity to participate in research, and research must be adapted to fit within each programme’s constraints; logistics, namely, that partnerships need to address data sharing and audit quality, while securing research funding to ensure operational success; leadership, that is, enthusiastic and engaged audit programme leaders must motivate their team and engage local stakeholders; and relationships, meaning that trust between researchers and audit programmes must be established over time by identifying shared priorities and meeting each partner’s needs. Conclusion Successfully embedding research within clinical audit programmes is likely to require compromise, logistical expertise, leadership and trusting relationships to overcome perceived risks and fully realise benefits.
Development and acceptability of a brief, evidence-based Dementia Awareness for Caregivers course in low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Stoner Charlotte R , Lakshminarayanan Monisha , Mograbi Daniel C , Vaitheswaran Sridhar , Bertrand Elodie , Schimidt Brum Paula , Durgante Helen , Ferri Cleusa P , Mkenda Sarah , Walker Richard , Dotchin Catherine , Paddick Stella-Maria , Chandra Mina , Krishna Murali , Du Bharath , Shaji Kunnukattil S , Fisher Emily , Spector Aimee 
Published: December 2021

Background Knowledge of and attitudes towards dementia vary across countries, and for caregivers in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), access to information can be challenging. There is an urgent need for brief, easily accessible and culturally appropriate educational courses for caregivers of persons with dementia, providing much needed information whilst addressing important psychological concepts such as stigma. Methods An international and multidisciplinary team developed Dementia Awareness for Caregivers (DAC) courses in four stages: (1) scoping review and module agreement, (2) development of an International template (DAC-International) containing a standardised process for adding information, (3) development of local DACs using a standardised format and (4) acceptability of courses in Brazil, India and Tanzania. Findings The DAC-International was developed, comprising three modules: ‘What is dementia?’; ‘Positive engagement’ and ‘Caring for someone with dementia’. Three local versions were developed from this (DAC-Brazil, DAC-India and DAC-Tanzania), where additions of country-specific information included prevalent stereotypes and the addition of culturally relevant case studies. An initial field test was conducted in each country ( n = 85), which indicated acceptability to participants. Conclusions The methods used here resulted in culturally valid and acceptable educational courses for carers of people with dementia. Future work will consist of large-scale, formal evaluations and the development of additional local courses.
Physiological Reloading Recovers Histologically Disuse Atrophy of the Articular Cartilage and Bone by Hindlimb Suspension in Rat Knee Joint
Authors: Takahashi Ikufumi , Matsuzaki Taro , Kuroki Hiroshi , Hoso Masahiro 
Published: December 2021

Objective This study aimed to clarify physiological reloading on disuse atrophy of the articular cartilage and bone in the rat knee using the hindlimb suspension model. Design Thirty male rats were divided into 3 experimental groups: control group, hindlimb suspension group, and reloading after hindlimb suspension group. Histological changes in the articular cartilage and bone of the tibia were evaluated by histomorphometrical and immunohistochemical analyses at 2 and 4 weeks after reloading. Results The thinning and loss of matrix staining in the articular cartilage and the decrease in bone volume induced by hindlimb suspension recovered to the same level as the control group after 2 weeks of reloading. The proportion of the noncalcified and calcified layers of the articular cartilage and the thinning of subchondral bone recovered to the same level as the control group after 4 weeks of reloading. Conclusions Disuse atrophy of the articular cartilage and bone induced by hindlimb suspension in the tibia of rats was improved by physiological reloading.
The challenge to differentiate between sarcoma or adrenal carcinoma—an observational study
Authors: Dobrindt Eva M , Saeger Wolfgang , Bläker Hendrik , Mogl Martina T , Bahra Marcus , Pratschke Johann , Rayes Nada 
Published: December 2021

Background Adrenal sarcomas are rare malignant tumors with structural and clinical similarities to sarcomatoid adrenocortical carcinoma. Preoperative diagnosis of tumors of the adrenal gland can be challenging and often misleading thus detaining patients from appropriate oncological strategies. Objective This analysis of a case series evaluated the predictive capability of the primary clinical diagnosis in case of malignancies of the adrenal gland. Methods Thirty two patients were treated from 2009 to 2015 at our clinic and analyzed retrospectively. All patients had computed tomography and/or magnet resonance imaging and a primary histopathological examination at our institution after surgery. Ten questionable cases were surveyed by a reference pathologist. Results Twelve out of 32 diagnoses had to be revised (37.5%). Only 15 out of 24 tumors primarily classified as adrenocortical carcinoma were finally described as primary adrenal cancer. We found two leiomyosarcomas, one liposarcoma, one sarcomatoid adrenocortical carcinoma, and one epitheloid angiosarcoma among 12 misleading diagnoses. Other tumors turned out to be metastases of lung, hepatocellular, and neuroendocrine tumors. Larger tumors were significantly more often correctly diagnosed compared to smaller tumors. Four patients of the group of revised diagnoses died whereas all patients with confirmed diagnoses survived during the follow-up. Conclusion Preoperative assessment of tumors of the adrenal gland is still challenging. In case of wrong primary diagnosis, the prognosis could be impaired due to inadequate surgical procedures or insufficient preoperative oncological treatment.