bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing family property disputes in English and Singapore law: ‘context is everything’
Authors: Yip Man 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper examines why Singapore law has not followed English law in the area of beneficial ownership of family property. It points out that the landmark cases in the two jurisdictions are underpinned by different family paradigms.The English landmark cases are based on the unmarried cohabitants paradigm and the legal rules that have emerged from these cases are aimed at, whether successfully or not, ensuring a fair division of the family home upon the breakdown of these relationships. In contrast, the Singapore seminal judgments are underlaid by contests between children over their parents’ property which raised questions as to the parties’ true intentions and the legal techniques to determine that. In the main, this paper argues that the legal rules that emerge in a society are shaped by the conditions of that society: these rules are purpose-built to resolve the specific types of disputes that come through the judicial system, which are in turn moulded by the distinctive conditions of that society. The discussion also shows that whilst the courts in the two jurisdictions differ in the legal techniques which they apply to determine these disputes, they do not appear to differ greatly in their understanding of human interactions and complex family relationships.
Regulatory discretion: structuring power in the era of regulatory capitalism
Authors: Schmidt Rebecca , Scott Colin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDiscretion gives decision makers choices as to how resources are allocated, or how other aspects of state largesse or coercion are deployed. Discretionary state power challenges aspects of the rule of law, first by transferring decisions from legislators to departments, agencies and street-level bureaucrats and secondly by risking the uniform application of key fairness and equality norms. Concerns to find alternative and decentred forms of regulation gave rise to new types of regulation, sometimes labeled ‘regulatory capitalism’. Regulatory capitalism highlights the roles of a wider range of actors exercising powers and a wider range of instruments. It includes also new forms of discretion, for example over automated decision making processes, over the formulation and dissemination of league tables or over the use of behavioural measures. This paper takes a novel approach by linking and extending the significant literature on these changing patterns of regulatory administration with consideration of the changing modes of deployment of discretion. Using this specific lens, we observe two potentially contradictory trends: an increase in determining and structuring administrative decision, leading to a more transparent use of discretion; and the increased use of automated decision making processes which have the potential of producing a less transparent black box scenario.
Fructose malabsorption: causes, diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Benardout Miles , Le Gresley Adam , ElShaer Amr , Wren Stephen P. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis review intends to act as an overview of fructose malabsorption (FM) and its role in the aetiology of diseases including, but not limited to, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and infantile colic and the relationship between fructose absorption and the propagation of some cancers. IBS results in a variety of symptoms including stomach pains, cramps and bloating. Patients can be categorised into two groups, depending on whether the patients’ experiences either constipation (IBS-C) or diarrhoea (IBS-D). FM has been proposed as a potential cause of IBS-D and other diseases, such as infantile colic. However, our knowledge of FM is limited by our understanding of the biochemistry related to the absorption of fructose in the small intestine and FM’s relationship with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth. It is important to consider the dietary effects on FM and most importantly, the quantity of excess free fructose consumed. The diagnosis of FM is difficult and often requires indirect means that may result in false positives. Current treatments of FM include dietary intervention, such as low fermentable oligo-, di-, monosaccharides and polyols diets and enzymatic treatments, such as the use of xylose isomerase. More research is needed to accurately diagnose and effectively treat FM. This review is designed with the goal of providing a detailed outline of the issues regarding the causes, diagnosis and treatment of FM.
Goats fed with non-protein nitrogen: ruminal bacterial community and ruminal fermentation, intake, digestibility and nitrogen balance
Authors: Lopes A.S.M. , de Oliveira J.S. , Santos E.M. , Medeiros A.N. , Givisiez P.E.N. , Lemos M.L.P. , Santos F.N.S. , Silva N.M.V. , Azevedo P.S. , Sousa L.S. , Pereira D.M. , Oliveira C.J.B. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe current study assessed ruminal fermentation parameters and bacterial community, nutrient intake, nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance of goats fed diets containing buffel grass hay and ruminal ammonia nitrogen (N-NH3). Five rumen-cannulated mixed-breed castrated adult goats (45 ± 2.3 kg) were used in a 5 × 5 Latin square design represented by five N-NH3 levels (3.43, 9.95, 17.2, 23.0 and 33.7 mg/dl). Control animals were fed hay exclusively. Other treatments were represented by ruminal infusion composed of a mixture containing urea, ammonium sulphate and casein. The increasing N-NH3 concentrations did not affect rumen fluid pH, which averaged 6.43. Rumen ammoniacal nitrogen increased linearly in response to N-NH3. Volatile fatty acids were not affected by increasing N-NH3 concentrations. A higher abundance of Ruminococcaceae (Ruminococcus 1, Ruminococcaceae UCG-014 and Ruminococcaceae NK4A214 group) was observed in the rumen of goats infused with higher concentrations of N-NH3 (17.2 and 33.7 mg/dl N-NH3). There was a quadratic effect (P < 0.050) of N-NH3 levels on neutral detergent fibre intake with maximum values estimated at 13.7 mg/dl N-NH3. Nutrient intake, nitrogen excretion and nitrogen balance presented a positive linear effect (P < 0.050). In conclusion, 3.43 mg/dl of N-NH3 is the minimum level to maintain microbial activity, whereas the recommended level to optimize the microbial community is 14.5 mg/dl of N-NH3 in the rumen of goats fed buffel grass.
Assessment of sowing dates and plant densities using CSM-CROPGRO-Soybean for soybean maturity groups in low latitude
Authors: Sampaio L. S. , Battisti R. , Lana M. A. , Boote K. J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCrop models can be used to explain yield variations associated with management practices, environment and genotype. This study aimed to assess the effect of plant densities using CSM-CROPGRO-Soybean for low latitudes. The crop model was calibrated and evaluated using data from field experiments, including plant densities (10, 20, 30 and 40 plants per m2), maturity groups (MG 7.7 and 8.8) and sowing dates (calibration: 06 Jan., 19 Jan., 16 Feb. 2018; and evaluation: 19 Jan. 2019). The model simulated phenology with a bias lower than 2 days for calibration and 7 days for evaluation. Relative root mean square error for the maximum leaf area index varied from 12.2 to 31.3%; while that for grain yield varied between 3 and 32%. The calibrated model was used to simulate different management scenarios across six sites located in the low latitude, considering 33 growing seasons. Simulations showed a higher yield for 40 pl per m2, as expected, but with greater yield gain increments occurring at low plant density going from 10 to 20 pl per m2. In Santarém, Brazil, MG 8.8 sown on 21 Feb. had a median yield of 2658, 3197, 3442 and 3583 kg/ha, respectively, for 10, 20, 30 and 40 pl per m2, resulting in a relative increase of 20, 8 and 4% for each additional 10 pl per m2. Overall, the crop model had adequate performance, indicating a minimum recommended plant density of 20 pl per m2, while sowing dates and maturity groups showed different yield level and pattern across sites in function of the local climate.
Comprehensive yield gap analysis and optimizing agronomy practices of soybean in Iran
Authors: Nehbandani A. , Soltani A. , Hajjarpoor A. , Dadrasi A. , Nourbakhsh F. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSoybean is one of the key oil crops in global food security. The objective of the current study was to determine the magnitude of soybean yield and yield gaps (Yg) in the main producing regions in Iran, the main causes and possible solutions to reduce these gaps and improve yields. This study uses an integrated approach of crop simulation and on-farm information. The SSM-iCrop2 model was used to calculate the potential yield (Yp). Furthermore, management information of soybean farms (the number of monitored farms was 224) was collected and analysed with two methods, including stepwise regression (a production model was created and based on it, the yield-limiting factors were determined) and boundary line analysis (show the optimum level of crop management and simultaneously the percentage of farms that were out of the optimal range of a specific management procedure). The results showed a Yp of 4681 kg/ha while actual yield (Ya) was around 2257 kg/ha. The main factors causing Yg of soybean in Iran were irrigation, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and sowing date. Altering soybean sowing date to late June or early July, irrigating at least five times during the growing season, applying at least 50 kg/ha nitrogen and 45 kg/ha phosphorus base application are foremost management practices that could shrink the soybean yield gap in Iran. The results presented in this study can bring relevant transferable information to other soybean production areas sharing the same latitudes and climate, and the approach can be used for other crops worldwide.
Importance of light status on phytoplankton biomass in the turbid Bisan Strait, Japan: results from a high-frequency sampling study
Authors: Yamaguchi Hitomi , Hasegawa Keigo , Tada Kuninao , Kishimoto Koji , Ichimi Kazuhiko 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe dynamics of phytoplankton biomass in the vertically mixed south-eastern part of the Bisan Strait, in the Seto Inland Sea of Japan, may be considered to be strongly dependent not only on nutrients but also on light status. This was investigated by examining variations in chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), nutrients, and Secchi-disc depth through high-frequency sampling (a mean of once every 1.7 days) at the same station from April to October 2019. Precipitation during the Japanese rainy season (East Asian monsoon rains) was associated with a decrease in salinity from 32 to 31 in late July. The highest concentration of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), the most deficient nutrient, also was recorded in late July in association with seasonal precipitation. However, the measured Chl-a peak (max. 4 μg l−1) in early August was not as high as expected, possibly due to low water clarity. A relatively small but substantial peak of DIN (max. 4 μM) was recorded in mid-August, which coincided with the passing of a typhoon. The small peak of DIN coupled with higher water clarity thereafter was followed by a phytoplankton bloom from mid-August to early September, at which the highest Chl-a (7 μg l−1) occurred. It is suggested that increased light penetration enhanced the efficiency of nutrient assimilation and thereby triggered the late-summer phytoplankton bloom. In contrast to the adjacent stratified areas, light rather than nutrient status appears to be the key determinant for the onset of phytoplankton blooms in the Bisan Strait.
Working Less, Not More in a Workfare Programme: Group Solidarity, Informal Norms and Alternative Value Systems Amongst Activated Participants
Authors: HANSEN LASSE SCHMIDT , NIELSEN MATHIAS HERUP 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article uses extensive ethnographic methods to explore the lived reality of a Danish workfare programme. The programme requires social assistance recipients to perform manual labour for their benefits at municipal work sites. The contrast between the political rhetoric that justifies the workfare programme and the lived reality of it is striking. While the programme is justified as a means to put the passive unemployed to work, there is a norm of working less, not more at the site. The participants spend most of their time waiting or conducting seemingly meaningless work assignments. However, over time, the majority of the participants begin to embrace this modus operandi at the site. This article answers this apparent paradox by turning to concepts from the anthropology of industrial work. Such concepts allow us to analyse how camaraderie exists amongst participants as well as work supervisors at the site. Particularly, the camaraderie is based on group solidarity, an informal regulation of work efficiency and an alternative system of value. Hereby, the article adds to previous findings on the ‘lived experiences’ of welfare recipients.
Argumentation and explainable artificial intelligence: a survey
Authors: Vassiliades Alexandros , Bassiliades Nick , Patkos Theodore 
Published: April 2021

AbstractArgumentation and eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) are closely related, as in the recent years, Argumentation has been used for providing Explainability to AI. Argumentation can show step by step how an AI System reaches a decision; it can provide reasoning over uncertainty and can find solutions when conflicting information is faced. In this survey, we elaborate over the topics of Argumentation and XAI combined, by reviewing all the important methods and studies, as well as implementations that use Argumentation to provide Explainability in AI. More specifically, we show how Argumentation can enable Explainability for solving various types of problems in decision-making, justification of an opinion, and dialogues. Subsequently, we elaborate on how Argumentation can help in constructing explainable systems in various applications domains, such as in Medical Informatics, Law, the Semantic Web, Security, Robotics, and some general purpose systems. Finally, we present approaches that combine Machine Learning and Argumentation Theory, toward more interpretable predictive models.
Effects of betaine on non-alcoholic liver disease
Authors: Chen Weiqiang , Xu Minjuan , Xu Minwen , Wang Yucai , Zou Qingyan , Xie Shuixiang , Wang Liefeng 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe increasing prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) poses a growing challenge in terms of its prevention and treatment. The ‘multiple hits’ hypothesis of multiple insults, such as dietary fat intake, de novo lipogenesis, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, gut dysbiosis and hepatic inflammation, can provide a more accurate explanation of the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Betaine plays important roles in regulating the genes associated with NAFLD through anti-inflammatory effects, increased free fatty oxidation, anti-lipogenic effects and improved insulin resistance and mitochondrial function; however, the mechanism of betaine remains elusive.
Role alteration predicts anxiety and depressive symptoms in parents of infants with congenital heart disease: a pilot study
Authors: Lisanti Amy J. , Kumar Aparna , Quinn Ryan , Chittams Jesse L. , Medoff-Cooper Barbara , Demianczyk Abigail C. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackground:Parents of infants born with critical congenital heart disease are at risk for adverse mental health symptoms. The purpose of this study was to identify infant-, parent-, and environmental-based stressors for mothers and fathers after their infants’ cardiac surgery, and to explore relationships between stressors and mental health symptoms of anxiety and depression.Methods:This study enrolled 28 biological mother-father dyads from families admitted to the paediatric cardiac intensive care unit for cardiac surgery at one free-standing children’s hospital in the Northeast. Paired t-tests were used to examine group differences between mothers and fathers on perceived stressors and mental health symptoms, while linear mixed effects modelling was used to explore the predictive relationship between perceived stressors, personal factors, and mental health symptoms.Results:Mothers reported higher perceived stressor scores of parental role alteration (t = 4.03, p < 0.01) and infant appearance and behaviour (t = 2.61, p = 0.02), and total perceived stress (t = 2.29 p = 0.03), compared to fathers. Mothers also reported higher anxiety (t = 2.47, p = 0.02) and depressive symptoms (t = 3.25, p < 0.01) than fathers. In multivariable analysis, parental role alteration significantly predicted anxiety (t = 5.20, p < 0.01, d = 0.77) and depressive symptoms (t = 7.09, p < 0.01, d = 1.05) for mothers and fathers. The consensus subscale of the Dyadic Adjustment Scale also significantly predicted depressive symptoms (t = −2.42, p = 0.02, d = 0.04).Conclusion:Parents were distressed during their infant’s admission for surgical repair for critical congenital heart disease. Parental role alteration was significantly associated with parental anxiety and depressive symptoms, while poor relationship quality was associated with depressive symptoms, highlighting areas for potential nursing-led psychosocial led interventions.
Effects of a novel combination of two mutated acetolactate synthase (ALS) isozymes on resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides in flixweed (Descurainia sophia)
Authors: Xu Yufang , Xu Lina , Shen Jing , Li Xuefeng , Zheng Mingqi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFlixweed [Descurainia sophia(L.) Webb ex Prantl] is a notorious broadleaf weed that is widely distributed in winter wheat–growing areas of China and has evolved resistance to tribenuron-methyl mainly due to target-site resistance (TSR) mutations in acetolactate synthase (ALS). In the current research, twoALSgenes were identified in tribenuron-methyl–susceptible (TS) or tribenuron-methyl–resistant (TR)D. sophia. Resistance mutations of Asp-376-Glu and Pro-197-Ala were identified on ALS1 and ALS2 isozymes in TRD. sophia, respectively. The TRD. sophiaevolved 10,836.3-fold resistance to tribenuron-methyl and displayed cross-resistance to multiple ALS-inhibiting herbicides with different chemical structures. Dose response experiments and ALS activity assay indicated that two mutated ALS isozymes contributed differentially in resistance to tribenuron-methyl, flucetosulfuron, and pyribenzoxim. In addition, the relative expression level of theALS1gene was 2.2- and 1.6-fold higher thanALS2genes in TRD. sophiaat 1 and 7 d after tribenuron-methyl treatment, respectively. In contrast, the relative expression level ofALS1andALS2in TSD. sophiais similar. This is the first research that explored different roles of ALS isozymes in resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides, which might provide a new perspective for the weed resistance management.
Superresolution Imaging With a Deep Multipath Network for the Reconstruction of Satellite Cloud Images
Authors: Zhang Jinglin , Yang Zhipeng , Jia Zhaoying , Bai Cong 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSatellite cloud images play an important role in weather analysis and forecast. High‐resolution satellite images play a significant role in the study of mesoscale weather systems such as typhoons. With the increasing demands of locating and tracking techniques, the resolution of satellite images is no longer satisfactory. Enhancing their resolution with superresolution (SR) methods can help in identifying and locating weather systems. In this paper, we propose a multipath network model, called SRCloudNet, that involves joint training of a back‐projection network and a local residual network. SRCloudNet integrates features extracted from back‐projection units and residual dense blocks to achieve more accurate image reconstruction. We also developed a novel natural‐color cloud and contrail image data set, constituting the first‐ever satellite cloud image data set established for SR research. Because of the special features, contrail images were first used to test the performance of SRCloudNet. Extensive experiments demonstrated that SRCloudNet achieves superior performance.
Study of a Quasi‐27‐Day Wave in the MLT Region During Recurrent Geomagnetic Storms in Autumn 2018
Authors: Ma Zheng , Gong Yun , Zhang Shaodong , Xue Junwei , Luo Jiahui , Zhou Qihou , Huang Chunming , Huang Kaiming , Yu You , Li Guozhu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA quasi‐27‐day wave (Q27DW) caused by the rotational period of solar radiation is commonly observed in the atmospheric dynamics. In the present study, we report an enhancement of a Q27DW during recurrent geomagnetic storms in the autumn of 2018 based on the zonal wind observations in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) region over Beijing (BJ, 40.3°N, 116.2°E). According to our analysis, the solar radiation and the seasonal variation are not important in exciting the observed Q27DW. A 27‐day oscillation exists in both solar wind data and Kp index during the recurrent geomagnetic storms. The Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) temperature and ozone data also reveal a Q27DW signature at 97 km. Using the long‐term observation of BJ meteor radar, two more cases are found during springtime in 2010 and 2018 under the solar quiet condition. Our results indicate that the recurrent geomagnetic storms due to high‐speed solar winds can modulate the temperature and ozone in the MLT region, which is responsible for generating a Q27DW in the MLT zonal winds over BJ. This study suggests that the variation of planetary waves in the MLT neutral winds at mid‐latitude is likely associated with the recurrent geomagnetic storms and high‐speed solar winds.
The Cusp Plasma Imaging Detector (CuPID) CubeSat Observatory: Mission Overview
Authors: Walsh B. M. , Collier M. R. , Atz E. , Billingsley L. , Broll J. M. , Connor H. K. , Chornay D. , Cragwell T. , Dobson N. , Eckert S. , Einhorn D. , Gallant G. , Jackson K. , Karki S. , Kujawski J. , Kuntz K. D. , Naldoza V. , Nutter R. A. , Moore J. , O’Brien C. , Perez‐Rosado A. , Porter F. S. , Sibeck D. G. , Simms K. , Skelton W. , Thomas N. , Turner D. L. , Yousuff A. , Weatherwax A. , Zosuls A. , Thomas E. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe Cusp Plasma Imaging detector (CuPID) Cube Satellite Observatory is a six‐unit Cube Satellite developed to study macroscale properties of dayside magnetopause reconnection. Reconnection will be studied through imaging spatial and temporal ion dispersion signatures in the magnetospheric cusps. As reconnection enables shocked solar wind plasma to enter the cusp, high charge state solar wind ions will charge‐exchange with Earth's neutral exosphere. This process generates soft X‐rays imaged by the spacecraft. CuPID is in a circular, highly inclined (97.6°), sun‐synchronous, low Earth orbit (550 km), where it views upward through the cusp from its low altitude footprint. The mission carries three science instruments, an energetic (>50 keV) radiation detector, a soft X‐ray (0.1–2 keV) imager, and a body‐mounted magnetometer. The soft X‐ray imager employs a novel, wide field‐of‐view (4.6°) slumped micropore optical element to focus X‐rays. The radiation detector uses collimated micro‐dosimeters with blocking foils to discriminate particle species. The three‐axis magnetometer is part of the attitude determination and control system and has been calibrated to provide scientifically useful data.