bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Justification the Choice of Corporate Social Responsibility Strategy Development for the Tourist Enterprises
Authors: Kubareva Iryna , Maliarchuk Olha , Pohuda Nataliia 
Published: January 2021

The article investigates the essence of socially responsible business and its importance for the strategic development of the tourist enterprises. It is noted that CSR includes business, environmental and social issues, as they have a direct and significant impact on the company, its employees and strategic partners. It is determined that the main principles of CSR are voluntariness, reliability and timeliness, creation of values for all levels of the corporate environment. In the article the classification of strategies for the development of corporate social responsibility (CSR) based on the concept by I. Adizes is determined. The system of evaluation metrics for justification of a CSR directions on the base of the Balanced Scorecard and stakeholder theory is proposed. Strategic profile of CSR for the tourist enterprises is constructed and appropriate strategies for their development are proposed.
Information and Analytical Support of Financial Controlling of Joint Activities of Business Entities
Authors: Dmytrenko Аlla , Marchenko Larysa 
Published: January 2021

The peculiarities of the formation and circulation of controlling financial information are analyzed, its essence is determined, the peculiarities of the information space functioning of joint activity are substantiated and measures to improve the circulation of management data between participants of joint activity and separate centers of their production within the current economic structure are developed. To deepen the scientific basis of the study of the origin and circulation of financial controlling information in joint activities considered the essence and content of the category "information space of controlling information", which allowed to identify the main centers of its production and identify specific features of different types of controlling information and their role in the process enterprise management. It is proposed to consider the information space of controlling information as a single medium of data circulation on various components of development of a separate business entity.
Conclusive Proof of Weak Bedding Planes in the Marcellus Shale and Proposed Mitigation Strategies
Authors:   Baker Hughes, Kowan Julie , Schanken Luke ,   EQT Corporation, Jacobi Robert ,   Geoscience Consulting,   University at Buffalo
Published: January 2021

Wellbore instability has been experienced in areas of the Marcellus Shale and can become particularly troublesome in the superlaterals that are becoming more prevalent in that play. Often, the instability while drilling these very long lateral wells is minimal; problems are more likely to occur while tripping out after reaching total depth (TD). The most common instability events when pulling out of the hole are tight hole, packoff, and stuck pipe and are often accompanied by excessive cavings. These problems often worsen with time, indicating there is some time dependence to the failure mechanism.	In order to develop effective mitigation strategies to combat the instability, it is imperative that the failure mechanism be correctly identified. Previous publications (Riley et al., 2012; Addis et al., 2016; Kowan and Ong, 2016) have suggested that bedding planes may play a role in some of the drilling problems experienced in the Marcellus Shale. This case study provides conclusive proof of weak bedding plane failure along a lateral well in the Marcellus Shale, where over 1,000 feet of anisotropic failure was captured with a logging-while-drilling (LWD) image tool.	This image not only provided confirmation of the presence and failure of weak bedding planes in the Marcellus Shale, but was also used to validate an existing geomechanical model for the area. Validating the model gave the operator more confidence in the mitigation strategies developed from that geomechanical model, which had been based on the assumption that weak bedding was contributing to the difficulty experienced on multiple lateral wells when tripping out of the hole.	This case study begins with an overview of the geomechanical model, including the drilling history, stress/pore pressure model, and rock properties. Next, some highlights from the image log, showing anisotropic bedding plane failure, are featured, as well as a comparison of the image to the geomechanical model. This case study concludes with proposed mitigation strategies that could be implemented to limit the risks posed by weak beds and to minimize instability when drilling laterals in the Marcellus Shale in this area or similarly complex areas.
Mapping Complex Injectite Bodies With Multiwell Electromagnetic 3D Inversion Data
Authors:   Halliburton, Clegg Nigel , Eriksen Endre ,   Halliburton, Best Kevin ,   Aker BP, Tøllefsen Ingeborg ,   AkerBP, Kotwicki Artur ,   AkerBP, Marchant David ,   Computational Geosciences Inc
Published: January 2021

Electromagnetic (EM) inversion processing of ultradeep resistivity data has advanced from one dimensional (1D) to three dimensional (3D). These advances have helped improve the geological complexity that can be imaged and provide additional reservoir information. The large depth of investigation (DOI) of ultradeep LWD EM tools means that distant boundaries might not be detected by any other sensor in the tool string, making it difficult to verify the results. As inversion results represent a model of the subsurface resistivity distribution and not a direct measurement, it is important to have high confidence in the results. Directly comparing the component data measured by the tool to the modeled component data from the inversion across multiple frequencies provides confidence in the resultant model where the data have a close fit. However, as measurement sensitivities decrease with distance, there is potential for non-uniqueness, generating a model that is geologically unrealistic. Increased confidence can be achieved with independent verification of the model.	This paper details results from a trilateral well in an injectite reservoir wherein the sand distribution was expected to be complex. The 1D inversions showed the vertical distribution of the sand, but the results were sometimes distorted by lateral resistivity variations. The 3D inversion of the data allowed the lateral resistivity variations to be resolved. These results can be corroborated by direct comparison with azimuthal resistivity images. Additionally, the laterals all diverged from the same main bore and remained close together initially in an area containing major sand injectites. The 3D inversions from two of the wells overlap and define similarly shaped structures, providing confidence in the 3D inversion model.	In complex geobodies, such as the injectites described, significant lateral variation in the reservoir distribution is expected, which is not captured by 1D inversion. Understanding the shape of these structures and their potential connectivity using 3D inversion provides a major increase in reservoir understanding that is critical to completion design.
Sanitization of potato varieties from the VIR collection against viruses
Authors: Bespalova E. S. , Agakhanov M. M. , Arkhimandritova S. B. , Erastenkova M. V. , Uhatova Yu. V. 
Published: January 2021

Background.VIR’s potato collection is one of the oldest and richest; however, it is constantly exposed to viruses that negatively affect useful agronomic properties of tubers. Close monitoring of the phytosanitary state of potato accessions helps to select the most effective method of therapy for subsequent healing of infected plants and obtaining high-quality planting material.Materials and methods. The research was aimed at improving the health of 18 varieties ofSolanum tuberosumL. from the VIR collection. Testing for the presence of viruses was based on the ICA and RTPCR techniques, and the consequent healing was performed using the methods of meristem culture and cryotherapy.Results and conclusions. During the field test of potato plants, PVX, PVS and PVA were found to be the most common viruses. PSTVd was completely absent in all tested accessions. The effectiveness of in vitro healing of potato plants from viruses was assesses using meristem culture. The percentage of healed plants was 0% for PVS, 0% for PVX, 33.4% for PVA, 50% for PLRV, 72.3% for PVY, and 83.4% for PVM. Healing with meristem culture was shown to be the most effective against PVY and PVM. While assessing the effectiveness of post-cryogenic restoration of potato microplants, the level of post-cryogenic regeneration of the shoot tips in potato microplants was determined at 22.3% on average for a sample. The minimum was observed in k-16762 ‘Sagita N’ (5%), and the maximum in k-1378 ‘Marta’ (41.7%). Analysis of the effectiveness of potato recovery from viruses byin vitrocryotherapy showed that the percentage of recovered plants was 100% for PVY, 100% for PVA, 88.9% for PVM, 77.8% for PVS, 44.4% for PVX. Thus, the techniques of apical meristem culture and cryotherapy proved to be effective against PVY, PVA and PVM viruses. However, in the case of multiple infections, it is necessary to combine elements of different healing protocols to increase the effectiveness of the healing procedure.
Wild relatives and interspecific hybrids of potato as source materials in breeding for resistance to golden nematode
Authors: Mironenko N. V. , Rogozina E. V. , Gurina A. A. , Khiutti A. V. , Chalaya N. A. , Afanasenko O. S. 
Published: January 2021

Background. Predominant use of the H1 and Gro1-4 genes of resistance to golden nematode (PGN) in potato breeding requires widening the gene pool of resistance to this pathogen.Materials and methods. Thirty-four genotypes of wild potatoes from North and South Americas, 14 interspecific hybrids, and 10 Russian potato cultivars were studied for PGN resistance. Screening for resistance to PGN pathotype Ro1 and molecular screening for the presence of H1 and Gro1-4 gene markers were performed. Amplification products of the Gro1-4 gene marker were sequenced.Results. Only seven among the studied 34 potato genotypes (two of S. brachystotrichum (Bitt.) Rydb., four of S. lesteri Hawkes et Hjerting, and one of S. kurtzianum Bitt. et Wittm.) were susceptible to PGN, while the rest demonstrated high or medium resistance. Molecular screening for the presence of H1 and Gro1-4 gene markers allowed us to identify Gro1-4 in 13 South American genotypes of S. alandiae Cárd., S. × doddsii Corr., S. kurtzianum, S. leptophyes Bitt., and S. yungasense Hawkes. The remaining 14 genotypes may supposedly contain resistance genes non-identical to H1 or Gro1-4. Hybrids of S. tuberosum L. with medium-resistant wild accessions of S. kurtzianum, S. leptophyes, S. sparsipilum (Bitt.) Juz. et Buk., S. alandiae, and S. × doddsii inherited PGN resistance determined either by the Gro1-4 gene or genes non-identical to H1 or Gro1-4. Sequencing a fragment of the Gro1-4 gene showed that changes in the structure of this fragment in orthologous genes did not affect the feature of resistance to PGN pathotype Ro1.Conclusion. For the first time, sources of resistance to PGN were found among the North American species S. brachystotrichum (k-23201) and S. lesteri (k-24475). Among the wild South American Solanum spp., sources of resistance determined by genes different from H1 or Gro1-4 were identified. Resistant interspecific hybrids can serve as donors of the Gro1-4 resistance gene or new resistance genes.
Genetic, biological and economic evaluation of sweet potato accessions in the collection of the Plant Introduction and Acclimatization Department, Udmurt FRC, UB RAS
Authors: Fedorov A. V. , Zorin D. A. , Ardasheva O. A. 
Published: January 2021

An important area of crop development is the introduction of new vegetable plants, one of which is the sweet potato Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. The aim of our research was genetic, biological and economic assessment of sweet potato accessions held in the collection of the Plant Introduction and Acclimatization Dept., Udmurt Federal Research Center, Ural Branch of the RAS (UdmFRC UB RAS).Within this experiment, DNA polymorphism of 16 accessions of I. batatas was tested using ISSR markers. All accessions were found to represent different genotypes; the VM 17 accession obtained as a result of a bud mutation differed significantly from the original accession in its genotype.Evaluation of 16 accessions of sweet potato cultivars was carried out in a small-plot field experiment. The results of biological and economic assessment witnessed to the prospects of sweet potato cultivation within the territory of the Udmurt Republic for marketable tuber production. The productivity of the accessions was 140–2700 g of tubers per plant. According to their productivity, the accessions were divided into clusters: the low-productivity group (up to 500 g), with ‘Betty’, Fioletovy, ‘Beauregard’, ‘Covington’ and Bezhevy; medium-productivity group (500–1000 g), with ‘Jewel’, Fioletovy Sochi, Brazilsky, Afgansky, Vinnitsky rozovy, Lyubitelsky and ‘Bayou Bell’; and high-productivity group (more than 1000 g), with Pobeda 100, ВM 17, Druzhkovsky and Bely NBS. On the basis of the evaluation, 11 sweet potato accessions were recommended for cultivation in the Middle Urals: Afgansky, ‘Bayou Bell’, Bely NBS, ВM 17, Brazilsky, Druzhkovsky, Fioletovy Sochi, ‘Jewel’, Lyubitelsky, Pobeda 100, and Vinnitsky rozovy.
Study of economically valuable traits and technological properties in maize from the Zea mays L. collection of VIR
Authors: Gonikova M. R. , Khoreva V. I. , Goldshtein V. G. , Nosovskaya L. P. , Adikaeva L. V. , Khatefov E. B. 
Published: January 2021

Background. Innovative technologies for deep processing of grain are widely used in maize grain processing with the release of the grain germ for subsequent extraction of oil and starch from it or production of sugar substitutes in the form of fructose syrup and alcohol, bakery or feed protein. A search for economically valuable sources of maize starch, useful byproducts of its processing, and natural modification of starch for deep processing is vital.Materials and methods. Ten high-starch maize accessions from the VIR collection, isolated by IR spectrometry, were studied. Starch content was measured according to GOST 10845-98, GOST 13586.5-93, GOST 10847-74 and GOST ISO 6647-1-2015 standards. Processing of grain into starch and assessment of the content of amylose and byproducts were carried out at the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute for Starch Products in 2018 according to L. P. Nosovskaya et al. The actual content of starch and its byproducts during deep grain processing was determined. The values of the actual percentage of dry matter (DM, %) in grain, mass fraction of starch, ash content, as well as the yield of extract, pulp, embryo, gluten, process water and starch were determined.Results. Accessions with a high yield of starch (k-4520, k-9301 and k-24730), germ (k-4520. k-8785 and k-24731), pulp (k-4520, k-8785, k-9991 and k-24732) and protein (k8785) were identified as well as those with a percentage of amylopectin in starch above 82% (k-24730 and k-24733) and 100% (k-5461 and k-9991), and amylose above 30% (k4520 and k-9301).Conclusion. Of practical interest in terms of the actual yield of starch (% DM in grain) are accessions k-4520, k-9301, k-24730, k-9991, k-5461 and k-4520. According to the results of breeding tests, accessions k-24730, k-24732 and k-24733 had the following values of starch harvest calculated for grain yield: 4.66, 4.41 and 4.18 t/ha, respectively.
Apomictic lines of sugar beet: development and studying
Authors: Sokolova D. V. 
Published: January 2021

Background.While working with such cross-pollinated crops as sugar beet, the greatest problem is the fixation of valuable genotypes. Using apomixis to produce breeding material helps to accelerate the breeding process and save the desired combination of genes.Materials and methods. The research objects were 110 accessions of sugar beet from the VIR collection. Field experiments and assessments of the resistance to Cercospora leaf spot, monogermity, and non-bolting were performed according to VIR’s guidelines in 2016–2018 at Pushkin and Pavlovsk Laboratories of VIR and Maikop Experiment Station of VIR. The sugar level in roots was measured using an optical refractometer.Results. A comprehensive study of sugar beet accessions resulted in the development of apomictic lines with cytoplasmic male sterility, followed by an evaluation of their economically important characters. An extremely rare occurrence of biotypes with the 0-type sterility (less than 0.5%) was observed in the population. The seeds obtained from apomixis-prone lines demonstrated a significant difference during inbreeding from the seeds of fertile inbred genotypes: no inbreeding depression was observed in apomictic lines. Lines combining sterility and monogermity in their genotype were produced. Testing parent accessions and apomictic forms did not reveal significant differences in the sugar content and root yield, so the resulting forms can be efficiently used in future breeding programs.Conclusion. Using apomixis to develop sugar beet lines helped to fixate the sugar content level, biennial plant development cycle, and Cercospora leaf spot resistance. Thus, apomixis is promising for ensuring maternal inheritance and preserving the desired combination of genes in sugar beet, thereby accelerating the breeding process.
Physical education as a factor in shaping the health of students of technical specialties
Authors: Ryabchenko V. , Donets I. , Kostyuchenko M. , Cherezov Y. 
Published: January 2021

The article describes a modern state and main directions of forming health mode of life of students when physical education. It is stated that the effectiveness of physial education and forming health mode of life of students is conditioned with the help of various factors. Depending on certain conditions the main items are the questions of strengthening material and technical base for sport lessons, increasing a level of financial providing as well as imroving scientific and methodological level of teachers of physical education etcetera.
It is noted that a realization of stated directions is necessary for each discipline namely at physical education. At present the flexible program on physical education for higher educational establishments gives the possibility of realization the ideas but at the same time it has some disadvantages. These disadvantages are seen at a system “purposes – results”.
Physical education and health mode of life are the one of the most important elements of forming active people of a state when their learning.
Perubahan Bentuk dan Makna Bahasa Arab Mesir
Authors: Nurcholisho Lilik Rochmad 
Published: January 2021

This study was written not to bring to life the ‘Āmmiyah language or colloquial language in Egyptian Arabic, nor to give the impression of wanting to defend the existence of ‘Āmmiyah as a popular variety of languages ​​compared to the official language or Fus{h{ā. This light study aims to provide an overview of the development of new vocabulary in Arabic, especially the words used in daily life for Egyptian Arabs when communicating. The development found in this paper is the semantic development in Egyptian Arabic which undergoes a shift in meaning starting from expansion, narrowing and even giving new meanings and forms that previously did not exist or were not found in classical dictionaries such as Lisa>n al_Arab and Ta>jul ‘Aru>s or modern dictionaries such as al-Waji>z and al-Wasit.
In-flight Synthesis of Nanosized ZrC Particles from Various Precursors in RF Thermal Plasma
Authors: Martiz Alejandro , Károly Zoltán , Bódis Eszter , Fazekas Péter , Mohai Miklós , Bertóti Imre , Keszler Anna Mária 
Published: January 2021

Synthesis of zirconium carbide (ZrC) powder was investigated applying a non-conventional atmospheric radiofrequency (RF) thermal plasma process. In one case, zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) was reacted with solid carbon or with methane with varying molar ratio. In the other, zirconium-propoxide (NZP), containing both constituents, was thermally decomposed in the Ar plasma.
Temperature-dependent thermodynamic analysis was performed in the 500-5500 K temperature range to estimate the formation of possible equilibrium products for each reaction stoichiometry. Broad temperature range exists for the stability of solid ZrC for each explored reaction system. In accordance with this prediction, X-ray diffraction studies detected the ZrC as the major phase in all the prepared powders. The yield of particular runs ranged from 39 % to 98 %. Practically, full conversion was typical for the case of NZP precursor, however only partial conversion could be detected in ZrO2 reactions.
The average particle size of the powders falls between 10 nm and 100 nm depending on the type of the reaction systems (either calculated from the specific surface area or derived from broadening the XRD reflections). The transmission electron micrographs indicated mostly globular shape of the nanosize particles. Quantitative analysis of the surface of the powders by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed the presence of oxygen and carbon. Evaluating the spectra of the powders prepared from NZP, and taking in the account its spherical shape, a ZrC core covered by a very thin (≈1.0 nm) ZrO2 layer may be accounted for the measured oxygen and a thicker carbonaceous layer.
The Identification of Factors Contributing to Negative Handover Experiences of Pre-Hospital Emergency Care Personnel in Johannesburg, South Africa
Authors: Makkink Andrew William , Stein Christopher Owen Alexander , Bruijns Stevan Raynier 
Published: January 2021

Introduction The handover of a patient in the pre-hospital setting is different to other handover settings and therefore requires a different definition and description to that of other patient handover environments. Identifying those factors that affect the efficacy of handover could provide useful for formulating improvement strategies. Aim This research set out to describe the negative experiences of pre-hospital emergency care personnel handing over in the emergency centre in Johannesburg, South Africa, with a view to identifying potential areas for improvement. This paper reports on responses to an open-ended question that formed part of a purpose-designed, paper-based questionnaire that formed part of a mixed-methods study. Methods Data were collected from pre-hospital emergency care personnel within Johannesburg, South Africa. Responses from 140 participants were captured verbatim into Atlas.ti® for coding, analysis and interpretation using a qualitative descriptive methodology. Two themes were generated from a qualitative descriptive analysis of the data: communication barriers, and process barriers to emergency centre handover. These were confirmed by the categories and codes that made up these themes. Conclusion This study identifies some of the factors perceived by pre-hospital emergency care personnel to negatively affect emergency centre handover. It provides insights into how communication and process within the emergency centre have the potential to negatively impact emergency centre handover efficacy.