bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal control strategies on COVID-19 infection to bolster the efficacy of vaccination in India
Authors: Rajput Ashutosh , Sajid Mohammad , Tanvi  , Shekhar Chandra , Aggarwal Rajiv 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe Novel Coronavirus which emerged in India on January/30/2020 has become a catastrophe to the country on the basis of health and economy. Due to rapid variations in the transmission of COVID-19, an accurate prediction to determine the long term effects is infeasible. This paper has introduced a nonlinear mathematical model to interpret the transmission dynamics of COVID-19 infection along with providing vaccination in the precedence. To minimize the level of infection and treatment burden, the optimal control strategies are carried out by using the Pontryagin’s Maximum Principle. The data validation has been done by correlating the estimated number of infectives with the real data of India for the month of March/2021. Corresponding to the model, the basic reproduction number $${\mathcal {R}}_0$$

R
0

is introduced to understand the transmission dynamics of COVID-19. To justify the significance of parameters we determined the sensitivity analysis of $${\mathcal {R}}_0$$

R
0

using the parameters value. In the numerical simulations, we concluded that reducing $${\mathcal {R}}_0$$

R
0

below unity is not sufficient enough to eradicate the COVID-19 disease and thus, it is required to increase the vaccination rate and its efficacy by motivating individuals to take precautionary measures.
Usefulness of ultrasonography for dynamic evaluation of medial meniscus hoop function in early knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Shimozaki Kengo , Nakase Junsuke , Asai Kazuki , Yoshimizu Rikuto , Kimura Mitsuhiro , Kanayama Tomoyuki , Kitagawa Takashi , Tsuchiya Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the dynamics of the medial meniscus during knee flexion–extension by ultrasonography and compare them with MRI findings to confirm the usefulness of ultrasonography for evaluating early knee osteoarthritis (KOA). In total, 100 patients were diagnosed with early KOA using clinical and radiographical findings. Dynamic ultrasonographic evaluation and MRI were performed in all patients. Medial meniscal extrusion (MME) and medial meniscal tears were evaluated via ultrasonography and MRI. Abnormal MME was defined as MME > 2 mm on ultrasonography during knee extension. Patients with abnormal MME were divided into two groups: a decrease group (group D) and a non-decrease group (group N). Age, sex, absence or type of meniscus tear, and MME were compared between the two groups. Of the 100 patients, 75 demonstrated MME > 2 mm at knee extension. MME at all assessment positions using ultrasonography and MRI were significantly greater in group N (n = 34) than that in group D (n = 41). Medial meniscus posterior root tears or radial tears were observed in most cases in group N. A lack of decrease in MME from 0° to 90° of flexion on ultrasonography was a characteristic finding in patients with a loss of meniscal hoop function.
Experimental investigation of oil–water flow in the horizontal and vertical sections of a continuous transportation pipe
Authors: Yang Jianlei , Li Peng , Zhang Xuhui , Lu Xiaobing , Li Qing , Mi Lifei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA series of experiments were conducted to investigate flow pattern transitions and concentration distribution during simultaneous pipe flow of oil–water two-phase flow through the horizontal and vertical sections. The flowing media applied were white mineral oil and distilled water. Superficial oil and water velocities were between 0 and 0.57 m/s. Flow pattern maps revealed that the horizontal and vertical sections of the pipe lead to different flow pattern characteristics under the same flow conditions. The original contributions of this work are that a transition mechanism for predicting the boundary between oil-in-water (O/W) flow and water-in-oil (W/O) in oil–water two-phase flow was obtained. The effects of input water cut, oil and water superficial velocities on the concentration distribution of the dispersed phase were studied. The empirical formulas for the phase holdup based on the drift-flux model were obtained. The predicted results agreed well with those of the experimental data, especially for the O/W flow pattern.
Positive effects of COVID-19 lockdown on river water quality: evidence from River Damodar, India
Authors: Chakraborty Baisakhi , Bera Biswajit , Adhikary Partha Pratim , Bhattacharjee Sumana , Roy Sambhunath , Saha Soumik , Ghosh Anitabha , Sengupta Debashish , Shit Pravat Kumar 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe global economic activities were completely stopped during COVID-19 lockdown and continuous lockdown partially brought some positive effects for the health of the total environment. The multiple industries, cities, towns and rural people are completely depending on large tropical river Damodar (India) but in the last few decades the quality of the river water is being significantly deteriorated. The present study attempts to investigate the river water quality (RWQ) particularly for pre- lockdown, lockdown and unlock period. We considered 20 variables per sample of RWQ data and it was analyzed using novel Modified Water Quality Index (MWQI), Trophic State Index (TSI), Heavy Metal Index (HMI) and Potential Ecological Risk Index (RI). Principal component analysis (PCA) and Pearson’s correlation (r) analysis are applied to determine the influencing variables and relationship among the river pollutants. The results show that during lockdown 54.54% samples were brought significantly positive changes applying MWQI. During lockdown, HMI ranged from 33.96 to 117.33 with 27.27% good water quality which shows the low ecological risk of aquatic ecosystem due to low mixing of toxic metals in the river water. Lockdown effects brought river water to oligotrophic/meso-eutrophic condition from eutrophic/hyper-eutrophic stage. Rejuvenation of river health during lockdown offers ample scope to policymakers, administrators and environmentalists for restoration of river health from huge anthropogenic stress.
Leaf 13C and 15N composition shedding light on easing drought stress through partial K substitution by Na in eucalyptus species
Authors: Mateus Nikolas Souza , Florentino Antonio Leite , Oliveira Jessica Bezerra , Santos Elcio Ferreira , Gaziola Salete Aparecida , Rossi Monica Lanzoni , Linhares Francisco Scaglia , Bendassolli José Albertino , Azevedo Ricardo Antunes , Lavres José 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis work aimed to investigate the partial K-replacement by Na supply to alleviate drought-induced stress in Eucalyptus species. Plant growth, leaf gas exchange parameters, water relations, oxidative stress (H2O2 and MDA content), chlorophyll concentration, carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) isotopic leaf composition (δ13C and δ15N) were analyzed. Drought tolerant E. urophylla and E. camaldulensis showed positive responses to the partial K substitution by Na, with similar dry mass yields, stomatal density and total stomatal pore area relative to the well K-supplied plants under both water conditions, suggesting that 50% of the K requirements is pressing for physiological functions that is poorly substituted by Na. Furthermore, E. urophylla and E. camaldulensis up-regulated leaf gas exchanges, leading to enhanced long-term water use efficiency (WUEL). Moreover, the partial K substitution by Na had no effects on plants H2O2, MDA, δ13C and δ15N, confirming that Na, to a certain extent, can effectively replace K in plants metabolism. Otherwise, the drought-sensitive E. saligna species was negatively affected by partial K replacement by Na, decreasing plants dry mass, even with up-regulated leaf gas exchange parameters. The exclusive Na-supplied plants showed K-deficient symptoms and lower growth, WUEL, and δ13C, besides higher Na accumulation, δ15N, H2O2 and MDA content.
Imputation of missing values for electronic health record laboratory data
Authors: Li Jiang , Yan Xiaowei S. , Chaudhary Durgesh , Avula Venkatesh , Mudiganti Satish , Husby Hannah , Shahjouei Shima , Afshar Ardavan , Stewart Walter F. , Yeasin Mohammed , Zand Ramin , Abedi Vida 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLaboratory data from Electronic Health Records (EHR) are often used in prediction models where estimation bias and model performance from missingness can be mitigated using imputation methods. We demonstrate the utility of imputation in two real-world EHR-derived cohorts of ischemic stroke from Geisinger and of heart failure from Sutter Health to: (1) characterize the patterns of missingness in laboratory variables; (2) simulate two missing mechanisms, arbitrary and monotone; (3) compare cross-sectional and multi-level multivariate missing imputation algorithms applied to laboratory data; (4) assess whether incorporation of latent information, derived from comorbidity data, can improve the performance of the algorithms. The latter was based on a case study of hemoglobin A1c under a univariate missing imputation framework. Overall, the pattern of missingness in EHR laboratory variables wasnot at randomand was highly associated with patients’ comorbidity data; and the multi-level imputation algorithm showed smaller imputation error than the cross-sectional method.
Public health impacts of an imminent Red Sea oil spill
Authors: Huynh Benjamin Q. , Kwong Laura H. , Kiang Mathew V. , Chin Elizabeth T. , Mohareb Amir M. , Jumaan Aisha O. , Basu Sanjay , Geldsetzer Pascal , Karaki Fatima M. , Rehkopf David H. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe possibility of a massive oil spill in the Red Sea is increasingly likely. The Safer, a deteriorating oil tanker containing 1.1 million barrels of oil, has been deserted near the coast of Yemen since 2015 and threatens environmental catastrophe to a country presently in a humanitarian crisis. Here, we model the immediate public health impacts of a simulated spill. We estimate that all of Yemen’s imported fuel through its key Red Sea ports would be disrupted and that the anticipated spill could disrupt clean-water supply equivalent to the daily use of 9.0–9.9 million people, food supply for 5.7–8.4 million people and 93–100% of Yemen’s Red Sea fisheries. We also estimate an increased risk of cardiovascular hospitalization from pollution ranging from 5.8 to 42.0% over the duration of the spill. The spill and its potentially disastrous impacts remain entirely preventable through offloading the oil. Our results stress the need for urgent action to avert this looming disaster.
Nature inequity and higher COVID-19 case rates in less-green neighbourhoods in the United States
Authors: Spotswood Erica N. , Benjamin Matthew , Stoneburner Lauren , Wheeler Megan M. , Beller Erin E. , Balk Deborah , McPhearson Timon , Kuo Ming , McDonald Robert I. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractUrban nature—such as greenness and parks—can alleviate distress and provide space for safe recreation during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, nature is often less available in low-income populations and communities of colour—the same communities hardest hit by COVID-19. In analyses of two datasets, we quantified inequity in greenness and park proximity across all urbanized areas in the United States and linked greenness and park access to COVID-19 case rates for ZIP codes in 17 states. Areas with majority persons of colour had both higher case rates and less greenness. Furthermore, when controlling for sociodemographic variables, an increase of 0.1 in the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index was associated with a 4.1% decrease in COVID-19 incidence rates (95% confidence interval: 0.9–6.8%). Across the United States, block groups with lower income and majority persons of colour are less green and have fewer parks. Our results demonstrate that the communities most impacted by COVID-19 also have the least nature nearby. Given that urban nature is associated with both human health and biodiversity, these results have far-reaching implications both during and beyond the pandemic.
Energy-efficient memcapacitor devices for neuromorphic computing
Authors: Demasius Kai-Uwe , Kirschen Aron , Parkin Stuart 
Published: October 2021

AbstractData-intensive computing operations, such as training neural networks, are essential for applications in artificial intelligence but are energy intensive. One solution is to develop specialized hardware onto which neural networks can be directly mapped, and arrays of memristive devices can, for example, be trained to enable parallel multiply–accumulate operations. Here we show that memcapacitive devices that exploit the principle of charge shielding can offer a highly energy-efficient approach for implementing parallel multiply–accumulate operations. We fabricate a crossbar array of 156 microscale memcapacitor devices and use it to train a neural network that could distinguish the letters ‘M’, ‘P’ and ‘I’. Modelling these arrays suggests that this approach could offer an energy efficiency of 29,600 tera-operations per second per watt, while ensuring high precision (6–8 bits). Simulations also show that the devices could potentially be scaled down to a lateral size of around 45 nm.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Phosphor-IWS1-dependent U2AF2
splicing regulates trafficking of CAR-E-positive intronless gene mRNAs and sensitivity
to viral infection
Authors: Laliotis Georgios I. , Kenney Adam D. , Chavdoula Evangelia , Orlacchio Arturo , Kaba Abdul , La Ferlita Alessandro , Anastas Vollter , Tsatsanis Christos , Beane Joal D. , Sehgal Lalit , Coppola Vincenzo , Yount Jacob S. , Tsichlis Philip N. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAKT-phosphorylated IWS1 promotes Histone H3K36 trimethylation and
alternative RNA splicing of target genes, including the U2AF65 splicing
factor-encoding U2AF2. The predominant U2AF2 transcript, upon IWS1 phosphorylation block,
lacks the RS-domain-encoding exon 2, and encodes a protein which fails to bind
Prp19. Here we show that although both U2AF65 isoforms bind intronless mRNAs
containing cytoplasmic accumulation region elements (CAR-E), only the RS
domain-containing U2AF65 recruits Prp19 and promotes their nuclear export. The
loading of U2AF65 to CAR-Elements was RS domain-independent, but RNA
PolII-dependent. Virus- or poly(I:C)-induced type I IFNs are encoded by genes
targeted by the pathway. IWS1 phosphorylation-deficient cells therefore, express
reduced levels of IFNα1/IFNβ1 proteins, and exhibit enhanced sensitivity to
infection by multiple cytolytic viruses. Enhanced sensitivity of IWS1-deficient
cells to Vesicular Stomatitis Virus and Reovirus resulted in enhanced apoptotic cell
death via caspase activation. Inhibition of this pathway may therefore sensitize
cancer cells to oncolytic viruses.
HMGB1 signaling phosphorylates Ku70 and impairs DNA damage repair in Alzheimer’s disease pathology
Authors: Tanaka Hikari , Kondo Kanoh , Fujita Kyota , Homma Hidenori , Tagawa Kazuhiko , Jin Xiaocen , Jin Meihua , Yoshioka Yuki , Takayama Sumire , Masuda Hitomi , Tokuyama Rie , Nakazaki Yukoh , Saito Takashi , Saido Takaomi , Murayama Shigeo , Ikura Teikichi , Ito Nobutoshi , Yamamori Yu , Tomii Kentaro , Bianchi Marco E. , Okazawa Hitoshi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDNA damage is increased in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), while the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Here, we employ comprehensive phosphoproteome analysis, and identify abnormal phosphorylation of 70 kDa subunit of Ku antigen (Ku70) at Ser77/78, which prevents Ku70-DNA interaction, in human AD postmortem brains. The abnormal phosphorylation inhibits accumulation of Ku70 to the foci of DNA double strand break (DSB), impairs DNA damage repair and eventually causes transcriptional repression-induced atypical cell death (TRIAD). Cells under TRIAD necrosis reveal senescence phenotypes. Extracellular high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein, which is released from necrotic or hyper-activated neurons in AD, binds to toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) of neighboring neurons, and activates protein kinase C alpha (PKCα) that executes Ku70 phosphorylation at Ser77/78. Administration of human monoclonal anti-HMGB1 antibody to post-symptomatic AD model mice decreases neuronal DSBs, suppresses secondary TRIAD necrosis of neurons, prevents escalation of neurodegeneration, and ameliorates cognitive symptoms. TRIAD shares multiple features with senescence. These results discover the HMGB1-Ku70 axis that accounts for the increase of neuronal DNA damage and secondary enhancement of TRIAD, the cell death phenotype of senescence, in AD.
Features of repertoire diversity and gene expression in human cytotoxic T cells following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Nakasone Hideki , Kusuda Machiko , Terasako-Saito Kiriko , Kawamura Koji , Akahoshi Yu , Kawamura Masakatsu , Takeshita Junko , Kawamura Shunto , Yoshino Nozomu , Yoshimura Kazuki , Misaki Yukiko , Gomyo Ayumi , Kameda Kazuaki , Tamaki Masaharu , Tanihara Aki , Kimura Shun-ichi , Kako Shinichi , Kanda Yoshinobu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCytomegalovirus reactivation is still a critical concern following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation, and cellular immune reconstitution of cytomegalovirus-specific cytotoxic T-cells is necessary for the long-term control of cytomegalovirus reactivation after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Here we show the features of repertoire diversity and the gene expression profile of HLA-A24 cytomegalovirus-specific cytotoxic T-cells in actual recipients according to the cytomegalovirus reactivation pattern. A skewed preference for BV7 genes and sequential “G” amino acids motif is observed in complementarity-determining region-3 of T cell receptor-β. Increased binding scores are observed in T-cell clones with complementarity-determining region-3 of T cell receptor-β with a “(G)GG” motif. Single-cell RNA-sequence analyses demonstrate the homogenous distribution of the gene expression profile in individual cytomegalovirus-specific cytotoxic T-cells within each recipient. On the other hand, bulk RNA-sequence analyses reveal that gene expression profiles among patients are different according to the cytomegalovirus reactivation pattern, and are associated with cytokine production or cell division. These methods and results can help us to better understand immune reconstitution following hematopoietic cell transplantation, leading to future studies on the clinical application of adoptive T-cell therapies.
Resistivity saturation in Kondo insulators
Authors: Pickem Matthias , Maggio Emanuele , Tomczak Jan M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractResistivities of heavy-fermion insulators typically saturate below a characteristic temperature T*. For some, metallic surface states, potentially from a non-trivial bulk topology, are a likely source of residual conduction. Here, we establish an alternative mechanism: at low temperature, in addition to the charge gap, the scattering rate turns into a relevant energy scale, invalidating the semi-classical Boltzmann picture. Then, finite lifetimes of intrinsic carriers drive residual conduction, impose the existence of a crossover T*, and control—now on par with the gap—the quantum regime emerging below it. Assisted by realistic many-body simulations, we showcase the mechanism for the Kondo insulator Ce3Bi4Pt3, for which residual conduction is a bulk property, and elucidate how its saturation regime evolves under external pressure and varying disorder. Deriving a phenomenological formula for the quantum regime, we also unriddle the ill-understood bulk conductivity of SmB6—demonstrating a wide applicability of our mechanism in correlated narrow-gap semiconductors.
Generation of spin-polarized hot electrons at topological insulators surfaces by scattering from collective charge excitations
Authors: Zakeri Khalil , Wettstein Janek , Sürgers Christoph 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTopological insulators (TIs) are materials which exhibit topologically protected electronic surface states, acting as mass-less Dirac fermions. Beside their fascinating fundamental physics, TIs are also promising candidates for future spintronic devices. In this regard, generation of spin-polarized currents in TIs is the first and most important step towards their application in spin-based devices. Here we demonstrate that when electrons are scattered from the surface of bismuth selenide, a prototype TI, not only the elastic channel but also the inelastic channel is strongly spin dependent. In particular collective charge excitations (plasmons) excited at such surfaces show a large spin-dependent electron scattering. Electrons scattered by these excitations exhibit a high spin asymmetry, as high as 40%. The observed effect opens up new possibilities to generate spin-polarized currents at the surface of TIs or utilize the collective charge excitations to analyze the electrons’ spin. The results are also important to understand the spin polarization of the photo-excited electrons excited at TIs surfaces. Moreover, our finding will inspire new ideas for using these plasmonic excitations in the field of spin-plasmonics.
Cross-sectional evidence of the cardiometabolic health benefits of urban liveability in Australia
Authors: Higgs Carl , Simons Koen , Badland Hannah , Giles-Corti Billie 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRecognition is increasing globally that urban planning interventions to improve neighbourhood liveability enable healthy sustainable lifestyles and assist in the prevention and management of chronic disease. We present the spatial urban liveability index (ULI) as a tool to inform localised interventions that would create healthier, more sustainable cities and examine its associations with cardiometabolic and wellbeing-related health outcomes. The ULI and associated indicators were calculated for Melbourne address points and spatially linked with health outcomes for participants from the 2014 Victorian Population Health Survey. Residing in higher liveability areas was found to be positively associated with a more physically active lifestyle and negatively associated with BMI—more so than for a comparable walkability index. Although walkable neighbourhoods underpin a liveable city, areas with diverse ‘community, culture and leisure’ destinations displayed strongest beneficial associations with cardiometabolic health outcomes, suggesting that access to diverse local destinations may encourage more active sustainable living.
Deeply reduced empty Keggin clusters [MoIVxMVI12−xO40−xpyx] (x = 3, 6; M = Mo, W; py = pyridine): synthesis, structures, and Lewis field catalysis
Authors: Ren Cuiming , Lu Zhihao , Luo Benlong , Yi Xiaofeng , Lin Lifang , Xu Li 
Published: October 2021

First MoIV3-Keggin anions [MoIVxMVI12−xO40−xpyx]8− (M = Mo, W; x = 3, 6) display unprecedented empty Keggin structure caused by the weak u3-O coordinating capability of the [MoIV3O4] triads and LCF-dependent hydrogen transfer catalysis.
Hyperpigmentierung am Bein – Differenzialdiagnosen und Therapieoptionen
Authors: Fischer Laura 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungEine Hyperpigmentierung am Bein kommt häufig vor. Es gibt jedoch keine einzelne ursächliche Diagnose. Eine Hyperpigmentierung am Bein kann ein Symptom einer zugrunde liegenden onkologischen, dermatologischen, endokrinologischen und/oder phlebologischen Erkrankung sein. Es ist ein Symptom für eine Vielzahl von Krankheiten, von chronischer Veneninsuffizienz über die kutane Angiitis bis hin zu Erythema gyratum repens.Dieser Artikel soll Ihnen einen Einblick in einige der möglichen Differenzialdiagnosen geben.
Der Schmerz der Leber ist die Müdigkeit
Authors: Linnenbrügger Petra 
Published: October 2021

SummaryIst die Leber überlastet, zeigt sich das meist erst in fortgeschrittenen Stadien anhand von Laborwerten – Symptome wie Müdigkeit können bereits früher Hinweise geben. In der naturheilkundlichen Anamnese und Diagnostik können zur Ermittlung von Leberbelastungen beispielsweise ein emotional lebhaftes Gemüt und eine Urinfunktionsdiagnostik Hinweise geben. Bei der naturheilkundlichen Behandlung von Leberbelastungen können unter anderem Leberwickel mit Aromaölen, phytotherapeutische Ansätze und/oder spagyrische Mittel zur Anwendung kommen.