bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cu(OTf)2‐Mediated Cross‐Coupling of Nitriles and N‐Heterocycles with Arylboronic Acids to Generate Nitrilium and Pyridinium Products**
Authors: Bell Nicola L. , Xu Chao , Fyfe James W. B. , Vantourout Julien C. , Brals Jeremy , Chabbra Sonia , Bode Bela E. , Cordes David B. , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , McGuire Thomas M. , Watson Allan J. B. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMetal‐catalyzed C–N cross‐coupling generally forms C−N bonds by reductive elimination from metal complexes bearing covalent C‐ and N‐ligands. We have identified a Cu‐mediated C–N cross‐coupling that uses a dative N‐ligand in the bond‐forming event, which, in contrast to conventional methods, generates reactive cationic products. Mechanistic studies suggest the process operates via transmetalation of an aryl organoboron to a CuIIcomplex bearing neutral N‐ligands, such as nitriles or N‐heterocycles. Subsequent generation of a putative CuIIIcomplex enables the oxidative C–N coupling to take place, delivering nitrilium intermediates and pyridinium products. The reaction is general for a range of N(sp) and N(sp2) precursors and can be applied to drug synthesis and late‐stage N‐arylation, and the limitations in the methodology are mechanistically evidenced.
Visible‐Light‐Induced Intramolecular Double Dearomative Cycloaddition of Arenes
Authors: Zhu Min , Xu Hao , Zhang Xiao , Zheng Chao , You Shu‐Li 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHerein we report visible‐light‐induced intramolecular double dearomative cycloaddition of arenes. Compared with the well‐known photodimerization of arenes under ultraviolet irradiation, the current reactions are carried out under mild conditions and feature wide substrate scope. A large array of structurally‐diverse polycyclic indoline derivatives is afforded in high yields (up to 98 %) with exclusive diastereoselectivity (>20:1 dr) via dearomative [4+2] or [2+2] pathway.
Asymmetric Carbene‐Catalyzed Oxidation of Functionalized Aldimines as 1,4‐Dipoles
Authors: Wang Guanjie , Zhang Qiao‐Chu , Wei Chenlong , Zhang Ye , Zhang Linxue , Huang Juhui , Wei Donghui , Fu Zhenqian , Huang Wei 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe use of functionalized aldimines has been demonstrated as newly structural 1,4‐dipole precursors under carbene catalysis. More importantly, enantiodivergent organocatalysis has been successfully developed using carbene catalysts with the same absolute configuration, leading to both (R)‐ and (S)‐ enantiomers of six‐membered heterocycles with quaternary carbon centers. This strategy features a broad substrate scope, mild reaction conditions, and good enantiomeric ratio. DFT calculation results indicated that hydrogen bond C−H⋅⋅⋅F interactions between the catalyst and substrate are the key factors for controlling and even switching the enantioselectivity. These new 1,4‐dipoles can also react with isatin and its imines under carbene catalysis, allowing for access to the spiro oxindoles with excellent enantiomeric ratios.
Spinal subarachnoid haematoma after neuraxial anaesthesia in a patient with polycythaemia vera
Authors: Martins T. , Montenegro L. , Silva A. , Reis H. , Pereira E. , Lucas P. 
Published: January 2021

SummaryPolycythaemia vera is a common haematological proliferative disorder. It is characterised by uncontrolled red cell production with ensuing peri‐operative vaso‐occlusive and haemorrhagic complications. Spinal haematoma after neuraxial anaesthesia is rare; most cases are associated with technical difficulties or bleeding disorders. Current consensus opinion suggests that neuraxial anaesthesia in patients with polycythaemia vera is safe due to a lower risk of thrombotic events and hypoxaemia compared with general anaesthesia. We report a case of a spinal subarachnoid haematoma after uneventful neuraxial anaesthesia in a patient with optimised polycythaemia vera. Despite an emergent laminectomy, the patient developed permanent motor deficits. This report highlights that although neuraxial anaesthesia is recommended by many authors, patients with polycythaemia vera can paradoxically have an increased haemorrhagic risk from platelet dysfunction and acquired von Willebrand disease. Clinicians proceeding with surgery under neuraxial anaesthesia should appreciate these risks even in patients with normal or apparently elevated thrombotic states. This case also demonstrates that traditional coagulation tests may need to be complemented by pre‐operative platelet function tests and screening for von Willebrand disease. Finally, the importance of the patient participation in the choice of the anaesthesia technique cannot be understated, with specific attention paid to this frequently unrecognised risk.
Quality Characteristics and Antioxidant Activity during Fruit Ripening of Three Monovarietal Olive Oils Cultivated in China
Authors: Wang Yongjin , Yu Le , Zhao Anni , Karrar Emad , Zhang Hui , Jin Qingzhe , Wu Gangcheng , Yang Xiaoyan , Chen Li , Wang Xingguo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNumerous olive cultivars have been planted in China, mainly to reap the health benefits of olive oil. This study characterized the quality and investigated the antioxidant activity of olives harvested at three different maturation stages, defined by the skin color of the olives (black, purple, and green), from three newly introduced olive cultivars (Barnea, Manzanilla and Kadesh) grown in China. The oleic acid content of olives from all three olive cultivars decreased significantly during maturation, whereas the linoleic acid content increased. The highest content of total phenols was recorded in Manzanilla cultivar (284.94 mg kg−1), whereas the lowest was recorded in Kadesh cultivar (134.82 mg kg−1). In addition, a total of 13 individual phenolic compounds were obtained, and their concentrations were significantly influenced by the cultivar and maturity (P < 0.05). Secoiridoids were the main group of phenolic compounds, but their quantity decreased during maturation. The content of secoiridoids in the Manzanilla cultivar was significantly higher than that of the Barnea and Kadesh cultivars. In general, a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in the values of antioxidant activity and the contents of pigments, α‐tocopherol, and squalene occurred during maturation. Furthermore, principal component analysis was used to classify the nine olive oil samples according to the cultivar and ripening degree.
Effect of structure on the glass transition temperatures of linear and crosslinked poly(isobornylacrylate‐co‐isobutylacrylate)
Authors: Zeggai Nouh , Bouberka Zohra , Dubois Frédéric , Bouchaour Tewfik , Dali Youcef Boumediene , Delarace Lea , Potier Jonathan , Supiot Philippe , Maschke Ulrich 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA series of linear acrylic copolymers based on Isobornyl acrylate (IBOA) and isobutyl acrylate (IsoBA) were elaborated by radical photopolymerization. In addition, several photochemically crosslinked poly(IBOA‐co‐IsoBA) were prepared by introducing small amounts of 1,6‐hexanedioldiacrylate as crosslinking agent. The evolution of the glass transition temperature was determined experimentally by differential scanning calorimetry as a function of composition for both linear and crosslinked poly(IBOA‐co‐IsoBA), yielding Tg values ranging from (~249) to (~315 K). Theoretical modeling was performed applying Fox, Gordon‐Taylor and Couchman‐Karasz models by simple calculations using experimental data, leading to only fair agreement between theoretical and experimental values, or by applying fitting procedures involving one or two adjustable parameters. Likewise, the Kwei model, known to take into account hydrogen bonding interactions between monomers, could not describe well the evolution of Tg, indicating the existence of other factors influencing Tg. Finally, a thermodynamic approach based on entropy considerations allowed to attribute an explanation of the evolution of Tg.
Further evidence needed to change policy for the safe and effective radical cure of vivax malaria: Insights from the 2019 annual APMEN Vivax Working Group meeting
Authors: Ruwanpura Varunika Sonani Hapuwatte , Nowak Spike , Gerth‐Guyette Emily , Theodora Minerva , Dysoley Lek , Haile Mebratom , Peeters Grietens Koen , Price Ric Norman , Lynch Caroline Anita , Thriemer Kamala 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNew diagnostics and treatment options for the radical cure of Plasmodium vivax malaria are now available. At the 2019 annual meeting of the Vivax Working Group of the Asia Pacific Malaria Elimination Network, participants took part in a roundtable discussion to identify further evidence required to introduce these new tools into policy and practice. Key gaps identified were accuracy and reliability of glucose‐6‐phosphate‐dehydrogenase deficiency tests, health system capacity, and feasibility and cost effectiveness of novel treatment strategies in routine clinical practice. As expected, there were differences in the priorities between country partners and researcher partners. To achieve the 2030 target for the regional elimination of malaria, evidence to address these issues should be generated as a matter of priority. Review of global guidelines alongside locally generated data will help to ensure the timely revision and optimisation of national treatment guidelines that will be vital to meet regional elimination goals.
Assessment of a terrestrial protected area for the conservation of freshwater biodiversity
Authors: Nogueira Joana Garrido , Teixeira Amílcar , Varandas Simone , Lopes‐Lima Manuel , Sousa Ronaldo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFreshwater ecosystems are essential to human well‐being and most have high biodiversity. However, this biodiversity has been suffering severe declines owing to the expansion of human activities. Protected areas (PAs) are essential for biodiversity conservation and have proved to be successful in stopping species extirpation if managed properly. Unfortunately, they are usually focused on terrestrial biodiversity, leaving freshwater ecosystems aside.The main goal of this study was to determine the influence of a PA (Montesinho Natural Park (MNP), Portugal) on freshwater biodiversity. Aquatic macroinvertebrates and fishes were surveyed, and biodiversity (richness, abundance, Shannon‐Wiener diversity, and Pielou's evenness) and water quality (IASPT) indices were calculated inside, at the periphery and outside the MNP.Results showed that the PA does not affect positively either water quality or the two faunal groups monitored. Macroinvertebrate communities were not influenced by the PA; however, the abundance of pearl musselMargaritifera margaritiferawas significantly higher and size was significantly lower inside the MNP. The richness and abundance of fish communities were significantly higher outside the MNP, except for troutSalmo truttaabundance which was higher inside the MNP.Given these results, the MNP does not guarantee the safeguard of overall aquatic biodiversity and habitats and we propose an extension of MNP to downstream areas in order to increase the number of species (mostly cyprinids) under legal protection. This work demonstrates that terrestrial PA planning and management should also consider aquatic biodiversity to achieve successful conservation.
Synthesis, characterization, crystal structure, α‐glycosidase, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory properties of 1,3‐disubstituted benzimidazolium salts
Authors: Bal Selma , Demirci Özlem , Şen Betül , Taslimi Parham , Aktaş Aydın , Gök Yetkin , Aygün Muhittin , Gülçin İlhami 
Published: January 2021

AbstractChloro‐/fluorobenzyl‐substituted benzimidazolium salts were synthesized from the reaction of 4‐fluorobenzyl/2‐chloro‐4‐fluorobenzyl‐substituted benzimidazole and chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons. They were characterized using various spectroscopic techniques (Fourier‐transform infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance) and elemental analysis. In addition, the crystal structures of the complexes 1a –d and 2b were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction methods. These compounds were crystallized in the triclinic crystal system with a P‐1 space group. The crystal packing of all complexes is dominated by O–H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds, which link the water molecules and chloride anions, forming a chloride–water tetrameric cluster. These synthesized salts were found to be effective inhibitors for α‐glycosidase and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), with Ki values ranging from 45.77 ± 6.83 to 102.61 ± 11.56 µM for α‐glycosidase and 0.94 ± 0.14 to 10.24 ± 1.58 µM for AChE. AChE converts acetylcholine into choline and acetic acid, thus causing the return of a cholinergic neuron to its resting state. Discovering AChE and α‐glycosidase inhibitors is one of the important ways to develop new drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and diabetes.
Raman Imaging: An Impending Approach Towards Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: Ramya Adukkadan N. , Arya Jayadev S. , Madhukrishnan Murali , Shamjith Shanmughan , Vidyalekshmi Murukan S. , Maiti Kaustabh K. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn accordance with the recent studies, Raman spectroscopy is well experimented as a highly sensitive analytical and imaging technique in biomedical research, mainly for various disease diagnosis including cancer. In comparison with other imaging modalities, Raman spectroscopy facilitate numerous assistances owing to its low background signal, immense spatial resolution, high chemical specificity, multiplexing capability, excellent photo stability and non‐invasive detection capability. In cancer diagnosis Raman imaging intervened as a promising investigative tool to provide molecular level information to differentiate the cancerous vs non‐cancerous cells, tissues and even in body fluids. Anciently, spontaneous Raman scattering is very feeble due to its low signal intensity and long acquisition time but new advanced techniques like coherent Raman scattering (CRS) and surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) gradually superseded these issues. So, the present review focuses on the recent developments and applications of Raman spectroscopy‐based imaging techniques for cancer diagnosis.
Biologically rapid synthesized silver nanoparticles from aqueous Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaf extract: Effects on hyphal growth, hydrolytic enzymes, and biofilm formation in Candida albicans
Authors: Wunnoo Suttiwan , Paosen Supakit , Lethongkam Sakkarin , Sukkurd Rattanavadee , Waen‐ngoen Tassanai , Nuidate Taiyeebah , Phengmak Manthana , Voravuthikunchai Supayang P. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBionanotechnology has increasingly gained attention in biomedical fields as antifungal and antibiofilm agents. In this study, biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (bio‐AgNPs) using aqueous Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaf extract were successfully performed by a one‐step green approach. Spherical‐shaped nanoparticles, approximately 8.65 nm, exhibited noncytotoxicity to erythrocytes, HeLa, and HaCaT cells. The synthesized nanoparticles showed strong fungicidal activity ranging from 0.5 to 1 µg/ml. The nanoparticles affected Candida adhesion and invasion into host cells by reduced germ tube formation and hydrolytic enzyme secretion. Inhibitory effects of bio‐AgNPs on Candida biofilms were evaluated by the prevention of yeast‐to‐hyphal transition. A decrease in cell viability within mature biofilm demonstrated the ability of bio‐AgNPs to penetrate into the extracellular matrix and destroy yeast cell morphology, leading to cell death. Molecular biology study on biofilms confirmed downregulation in the expression of genes ALS3, HWP1, ECE1, EFG1, TEC1, ZAP1, encoding hyphal growth and biofilm development and PLB2, LIP9, SAP4, involved in hydrolytic enzymes. In addition to candida treatment, the bio‐AgNPs could be applied as an antioxidant to protect against oxidative stress‐related human diseases. The findings concluded that bio‐AgNPs could be used as an antifungal agent for candida treatment, as well as be incorporated in medical devices to prevent biofilm formation.
Substrate availability drives mixed culture fermentation of glucose to lactate at steady state
Authors: Hoelzle Robert D. , Puyol Daniel , Virdis Bernardino , Batstone Damien 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMixed‐culture fermentation (MCF) enables carbon recycling from complex organic waste streams into valuable feedstock chemicals. Using complex microbial consortia, MCF systems can be tuned to produce a range of biochemicals to meet market demand. However, the metabolic mechanisms and community interactions which drive biochemical production changes under differing conditions are currently poorly understood. These mechanisms are critical to useful MCF production models. Furthermore, predictable product transitions are currently limited to pH‐driven changes between butyrate and ethanol, and chain‐elongation (fed by lactate, acetate, and ethanol) to butyrate, valerate, and hexanoate. Lactate, a high‐value biopolymer feedstock chemical, has been observed in transition states, but sustained production has not been described. In this study, steady state lactate production was achieved by increasing the organic loading rate of a butyrate‐producing system from limiting to nonlimiting conditions at pH 5.5. Crucially, butyrate production resumed upon return to substrate‐limited conditions. 16S ribosomal DNA community profiling combined with metaproteomics demonstrated that the butyrate‐producing lineage Megasphaera redirected carbon flow through the methylglyoxal bypass when substrate was nonlimiting, which altered the community structure and metabolic expression toward lactate production. This metabolic mechanism can be included in future MCF models to describe the changes in product generation in substrate nonlimiting conditions.
Using the Integrated Genome Viewer to reveal amplicon‐derived polymorphism enriched at the phenylthiocarbamide locus in the teaching lab
Authors: Brenner Eric D. , Scheid Paul E. , DeGrazia Justin , Geltzeiler Alexa R. , Katari Manpreet S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDue to its distinct phenotype and relatively simple inheritance pattern, the phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) loci is frequently utilized in teaching laboratories to demonstrate genetic concepts such as Mendelian inheritance and population genetics. We have developed a next‐generation sequencing and bioinformatics approach to analyze the PTC gene locus to reveal single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variation at nucleotide position 785 that predicts tasting ability in humans. Here students purify DNA from their own cheek cells, perform polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the PTC gene followed by cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) testing. Students perform a second PCR on the PTC loci using high‐fidelity Taq to create bar‐coded amplicons for next‐generation sequencing on the Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine. Bioinformatic verification reveals polymorphic variation by aligning the entire class PTC PCR fragment sequence to the human gene using Bowtie2 and visualizing the results in the Integrated Genome Viewer. This exercise presents a learning opportunity for students to use next‐generation sequencing to predict their own PTC taste sensitivity phenotype coupled with the standard CAPS method. This approach brings the PTC teaching method into the genomics era.
The nexus of business sustainability and organizational learning: A systematic literature review to identify key learning principles for business transformation
Authors: Hermelingmeier Verena , von Wirth Timo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCompanies play a central role in the quest for sustainable development. Organizational learning theories have been utilized to explain sustainability‐related change processes in firms. However, implications from studies at the nexus of business sustainability and organizational learning are highly dependent on varying conceptualizations. The objective of this study is to provide clarity on the plurality of conceptual underpinnings in research and to uncover principles that are associated with deeper organizational change processes, that is, business transformation. Building on insights from a systematic literature review, we develop a sustainability learning typology, from which we distill three learning principles for business transformation: (1) the deutero learning mode, (2) the societal learning scope, and (3) the cooperative advantage objective. We formulate needs for future research to further elaborate on the learning principles associated with business transformation and suggest implications for practice.
Quantification of glycated IgG in CHO supernatants: A practical approach
Authors: Lhota Gabriele , Sissolak Bernhard , Striedner Gerald , Sommeregger Wolfgang , Vorauer‐Uhl Karola 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPost‐translational, nonenzymatic glycation of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in the presence of reducing sugars (in bioprocesses) is a widely known phenomenon, which affects protein heterogeneity and potentially has an impact on quality, safety, and efficacy of the end product. Quantification of individual glycation levels is compulsory for each mAb therapeutically applied in humans. We therefore propose an analytical method for monitoring glycation levels of mAb products during the bioprocess. This is a useful tool for process‐design considerations, especially concerning glucose‐feed strategies and temperature as major driving factors of protein glycation. In this study, boronate affinity chromatography (BAC) was optimized for determination of the glycation level of mAbs in supernatants. In fact, the complex matrix found in supernatants is an underlying obstacle to use BAC, but with a simple clean‐up step, we found that the elution profile could be significantly improved so that qualitative and quantitative determination could be reached. Complementary analytical methods confirmed the performance quality, including the correctness and specificity of the results. For quantitative determination of mAb glycation in supernatants, we established a calibration procedure for the retained mAb peak, identified as glycated antibody monomers. For this approach, an available fully characterized mAb standard, Humira®, was successfully applied, and continuous monitoring of mAbs across three repetitive fed‐batch processes was finally performed. With this practical, novel approach, an insight was obtained into glycation levels during bioprocessing, in conjunction with glucose levels and product titer over time, facilitating efficient process development and batch‐consistency monitoring.
Domestic violence during COVID‐19 pandemic: The case for Indian women
Authors: Maji Sucharita , Bansod Saurabh , Singh Tushar 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDomestic violence is one of the most pernicious gendered ailments of human society. Researchers have confirmed the inevitable consequences of domestic violence (physical, sexual, and emotional) in increased vulnerability to psychopathologies in addition to physical morbidity. Domestic violence cases are vast in India, and the numbers are further aggravated at an alarming rate during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The present study aimed at exploring the cases of domestic violence among Indian women during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Newspapers reporting the incidents of domestic violence during the last 5 years were analysed to explore the issues related to the surge in domestic violence incidents during the COVID‐19 lockdown period. A major increase in domestic violence cases was observed during the COVID‐19 period as compared to the previous years. Also, the cases were higher during the initial phases of the pandemic but gradually decreased as time progressed.The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on women was unprecedented and worse than before. Home containment as a measure to protect the health and well‐being of the general public has resulted in increased sufferings for women in terms of both sufferings from diseases and increased domestic violence.