bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peristaltic flow of Herschel Bulkley nanofluid through a non-Darcy porous medium with heat transfer under slip condition
Authors: El-dabe Nabil T. , Abou-zeid Mohamed Y. , Mohamed Mona A. , Maged Mohamed 
Published: March 2021

In this work, we focused on the peristaltic unsteady flow of non-Newtonian nanofluid with heat transfer through a non-uniform vertical duct. The flow obeys Herschel Bulkley model through a non-Darcy porous medium under the effects of mixed convection and thermal diffusion. Moreover, the effects of thermal radiation, heat generation, Ohmic dissipation, chemical reaction and uniform external magnetic field are investigated. The derived equations that describe the velocity, temperature and nanoparticles concentration are simplified under the assumptions of long wave length and low Reynolds number. These equations have been solved by using a numerical technique with the help of shooting method. The obtained solutions are functions of the physical parameters entering the problem. The effects of these parameters and the obtained solutions are explained and discussed through a set of graphs. It is found that the increment in Prandtl number or Thermophoresis parameter reduces the spread of the nanoparticles (concentration increased) within the fluid along with the thermal diffusivity through the fluid layers. Also the non-Darcy effect supports the inertial forces, and in order to maintain Reynolds number, the viscous forces are motivated and the axial velocity is damped. Moreover, for the validation of the current methodology, this model is reduced to power law model (no yield stress) and compared with the work of Eldabe et al. [ 16 ].
PENGEMBANGAN PERANGKAT WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK UNTUK MENGONTROL TINGKAT VOLUME AIR PADA TURBIN
Authors: Hesti Emilia 
Published: March 2021

Wireless Sensor Network technology is a wireless network consisting of several individual sensor nodes that are used to monitor the condition of a place and can interact with its environment by means of sensing, controlling and communication of physical parameters. The application of Wireless Sensor Network Technology to the water turbine as a power plant is used for remote control and monitoring of the water turbine. So that it allows users to get maximum and real time information without having to be in the sensor area, in the sending and receiving of information using the Wireless HC-12 module with a frequency range of 432 MHz. HC12 Wireless Transceiver that can receive information on the Master Controller device and can send requests to the microcontroller on the server device. In this subsystem there is a MAX232 IC as a converter that converts the RS232 level signal from a TTL level signal on the HC12 Wireless module to a data communication that can be displayed on a computer. Keywords: Artificial Inteligent, Embedded System, Microkontroller, Visual Basic, Wireless Sensor Network
Alternativa de solución de controversias jurídicas, a través del online dispute resolution (ODR)
Authors: Pedraza Gómez Camila 
Published: March 2021

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo principal, identificar la regulación que se tiene sobre los Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) en la normativa colombiana, haciendo un enfoque al arbitraje virtual como una modalidad de los ODR, toda vez que, estos son los mecanismos alternativos de solución de conflictos que hoy por hoy resultan ser lo más novedoso en materia de resolución de controversias. En principio se pretende abordar sobre las nociones básicas que se tienen sobre el arbitraje tradicional incluyendo su naturaleza y el pacto arbitral que da paso al proceso, siguiendo con la conceptualización y distinción de los medios electrónicos como herramientas importantes para la aplicación de los ODR, seguidamente, se profundizará sobre estos ODR en el ordenamiento jurídico colombiano e internacional y en suma, poder distinguir su diferencia con un arbitramiento tradicional a través de un derecho comparado con legislaciones como México, finalizando con las respectivas conclusiones.
Diversity of Culturable Bacteria Isolated from Highland Barley Cultivation Soil in Qamdo, Tibet Autonomous Region
Authors: PAN HU , ZHOU JIE , DAWA ZHUOMA , DAI YANNA , ZHANG YIFAN , YANG HUI , WANG CHONG , LIU HUHU , ZHOU HUI , LU XIANGYANG , TIAN YUN 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The soil bacterial communities have been widely investigated. However, there has been little study of the bacteria in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, especially about the culturable bacteria in highland barley cultivation soil. Here, a total of 830 individual strains were obtained at 4°C and 25°C from a highland barley cultivation soil in Qamdo, Tibet Autonomous Region, using fifteen kinds of media. Seventy-seven species were obtained, which belonged to 42 genera and four phyla; the predominant phylum was Actinobacteria (68.82%), followed by Proteobacteria (15.59%), Firmicutes (14.29%), and Bacteroidetes (1.30%). The predominant genus was Streptomyces (22.08%, 17 species), followed by Bacillus (6.49%, five species), Micromonospora (5.19%, four species), Microbacterium (5.19%, four species), and Kribbella (3.90%, three species). The most diverse isolates belonged to a high G+C Gram-positive group; in particular, the Streptomyces genus is a dominant genus in the high G+C Gram-positive group. There were 62 species and 33 genera bacteria isolated at 25°C (80.52%), 23 species, and 18 genera bacteria isolated at 4°C (29.87%). Meanwhile, only eight species and six genera bacteria could be isolated at 25°C and 4°C. Of the 77 species, six isolates related to six genera might be novel taxa. The results showed abundant bacterial species diversity in the soil sample from the Qamdo, Tibet Autonomous Region.
Penyuluhan Dampak Pernikahan dini Bagi Perempuan
Authors: Limbong Mesta , Deliviana Evi 
Published: March 2021

Pernikahan dini adalah pernikahan yang berlangsung di usia yang belum genap 18 tahun. Fenomena tersebut di Indonesia masih menjadi sorotan karena jumlahnya yang semakin meningkat. Padahal, dampak yang ditimbulkan dari pernikahan dini sangat kompleks, terutama bagi pihak perempuan. Salah satu bentuk upaya pencegahan terjadinya pernikahan dini adalah melalui pemberian penyuluhan berisi informasi kerugian atau dampak negatif dari pernikahan dini terutama bagi perempuan. Penyuluhan sebaiknya diberikan kepada berbagai pihak yang dapat berkontribusi untuk menekan angka pernikahan dini, salah satunya adalah guru di sekolah. Interaksi guru dengan murid yang cukup intens, dapat menjadi peluang bagi guru untuk memberikan pemahaman bagi siswa serta orangtua siswa mengenai kerugian atau dampak negatif dari pernikahan dini. Oleh karena itu, pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini memberikan penyuluhan kepada seluruh guru-guru perempuan yang mengajar di berbagai tingkat pendidikan, mulai dari Taman Kanak-kanak (TK) sampai dengan Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP) yang ada di wilayah perkebunan kelapa sawit Pekanbaru milik PT. Astra Agro Lestari. Hasil dari penyuluhan yang diberikan adalah bahwa seluruh guru-guru sepakat dan mendukung segala upaya yang dapat menekan angka kejadian pernikahan dini di wilayah perkebunan kelapa sawit dengan meneruskan hasil dari penyuluhan ini kepada siswa-siswa maupun orangtua siswa bahwa pernikahan seharusnya dilakukan saat seseorang telah siap secara mental, sosial maupun fisik. Hal tersebut akan berdampak positif bagi generasi baru yang berkualitas.
Kata kunci: pernikahan dini, guru, perempuan
Ю.В. Бромлей и «бромлеевский период» отечественной этнологии
Authors: Карлов Виктор Владимирович 
Published: March 2021

Статья посвящена столетию со дня рождения академика Юлиана Владимировича Бромлея, который более 20 лет возглавлял академический Институт этнографии им. Н.Н. Миклухо-Маклая. В целях адекватной оценки периода в истории отечественной этнологии, когда ее развитием руководил Ю.В. Бромлей, предпринят анализ состояния этнографической науки и первоочередных задач, стоявших перед ней к моменту прихода ученого на пост директора института. Среди назревших проблем в первую очередь выделяется важность изучения этнографической современности, а также необходимость обновления теоретико-методологической базы этнографии. Ведущие специалисты – этнографы понимали серьезность и масштаб этих задач, однако методы их решения не были выработаны. В статье дана оценка личного вклада академика в развитие науки в СССР, а также всего периода 1960–1980 годов в отечественной этнологии. Анализируются предложенная Ю.В. Бромлеем теория этноса, разработанные с его участием категориальный аппарат этнологической науки и методологические подходы к изучению этнографической современности. В этих областях этнологического знания в период руководства Ю.В. Бромлея Институтом этнографии были достигнуты серьезные и позитивные сдвиги. Автор высказывает мнение о том, что «бромлеевское время» было весьма плодотворным периодом в истории развития этнологии в СССР.
The article is devoted to the centenary of the birth of Academician Yu. V. Bromley. The scientist headed the Academic Institute of Ethnography for more than 20 years. In order to adequately assess this period in the history of Russian ethnology, when its development was led by Yu. V. Bromley, an analysis of the state of ethnographic science and the priority tasks facing it, at the time of his arrival as director of the Institute, is undertaken. These are, first of all, urgent problems of studying ethnographic modernity, as well as the need to update the theoretical base of ethnography. The leading ethnographers understood the seriousness and scale of these tasks, but the methods for solving them were not developed. The article assesses the personal contribution of the academician to the development of science in the USSR, as well as the entire period of 1960-80 in Russian ethnology. The article analyzes the theory of ethnos proposed by Yu. V. Bromley, the development of the categorical apparatus of ethnological science, and the study of ethnographic modernity. In these areas of ethnological knowledge, during the leadership of Yu. V. Bromley, the Institute of Ethnography achieved serious and positive changes. The author expresses the opinion that this was a very fruitful period in the history of the development of ethnological knowledge in the USSR.
What Comprises a Successful Educational Science YouTube Video? A Five-Thousand User Survey on Viewing Behaviors and Self-Perceived Importance of Various Variables Controlled by Content Creators
Authors: Beautemps Jacob , Bresges André 
Published: March 2021

Educational videos on digital platforms are an attractive way of learning, especially for the younger generation, as they provide easy, personalizable access to a wide variety of content. Allowing for simplified explanations and visual demonstrations, educational videos are highly suitable for scientific content. With 500 h of video content uploaded per minute, YouTube is the most used user-generated video content platform worldwide. This study provides an initial insight into the elements which influence the perceived quality of educational science videos by viewers, with a special focus on natural science videos. In response to a call for study participants via various German natural science and technology YouTube and Instagram channels, over 5,000 participants between the ages of 9 to 72 (M = 18, SD = 8.78) completed a web questionnaire. The questionnaire focused on the participants’ viewing behaviors and their self-perception of the importance of the content-creator controlled variables.It was found that there are six key elements for a successful educational YouTube video: 1) structure, 2) reliability, 3) quality, 4) community integration, 5) presenter, 6) topic. Based on these elements, a checklist with 17 recommendations for the creation of successful educational videos was developed, serving as a practical guideline for content creators.
Sweroside Protects Against Myocardial Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Pyroptosis Partially via Modulation of the Keap1/Nrf2 Axis
Authors: Li Jun , Zhao Cuiting , Zhu Qing , Wang Yonghuai , Li Guangyuan , Li Xinxin , Li Yuhong , Wu Nan , Ma Chunyan 
Published: March 2021

Aims: Sweroside, a secoiridoid glucoside extracted from Swertia pseudochinensis Hara, is reported to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. However, whether sweroside has a protective effect on myocardial ischemia–reperfusion (IR) injury is yet to be elucidated. The present study aimed to confirm the cardioprotective effect of sweroside and to identify its underlying mechanism.Methods and Results: H9c2 cells were pretreated with sweroside and then underwent hypoxia–reoxygenation. Cell Counting Kit-8, creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays were conducted to detect cell viability and myocardial injury, respectively. The Langendorff method was used to induce myocardial IR injury ex vivo. Triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining was performed to detect myocardial infarct size, while protein expression was analyzed using western blotting. Overall, the results indicated that sweroside pretreatment dose-dependently led to a significant enhancement in cell viability, a decrease in release of CK-MB and LDH, a reduction in infarct size, and an improvement in cardiac function. Additionally, sweroside pretreatment caused a marked suppression of oxidative stress, as evidenced by the fact that sweroside decreased the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde, while enhancing the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. Moreover, sweroside was found to notably repress pyroptosis, as sweroside blocked pore formation in the cell membrane, inhibited caspase-1 and interleukin (IL)-1β activity, and decreased the expression levels of NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD, cleaved caspase-1, and IL-1β. Mechanistically, it was found that sweroside inhibited Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) and induced nuclear factor E2-associated factor 2 (Nrf2) nuclear translocation. Furthermore, the inhibition of oxidative stress and pyroptosis by sweroside could be abrogated via the inhibition of Nrf2 expression, which suggested that the protective effect induced by sweroside was Nrf2-dependent.Conclusions: The present study demonstrated that sweroside pretreatment could protect against myocardial IR injury by inhibiting of oxidative stress and NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis partially via modulation of the Keap1/Nrf2 axis.
A Multidisciplinary Investigation Into the Eruptive Style, Processes, and Duration of a Cascades Back-Arc Tholeiitic Basalt: A Case Study of the Brushy Butte Flow Field, Northern California, United States
Authors: Downs Drew T. , Champion Duane E. , Clynne Michael A. , Muffler L. J. Patrick 
Published: March 2021

The Cascades back-arc in northern California is dominated by monogenetic tholeiitic basalts that erupted throughout the Pleistocene. Elucidating their eruptive history and processes is important for understanding potential future eruptions here. We focus on the well-exposed monogenetic volcano that emplaced the Brushy Butte flow field, which constructed a ∼150 m tall edifice, has flow lobes up to &gt;10 km long, and in total covers ∼150 km2 with an eruptive volume of 3.5 km3. We use a multidisciplinary approach of field mapping, petrography, geochemistry, paleomagnetism, geochronology, and lidar imagery to unravel the eruptive history and processes that emplaced this flow field. Tholeiitic basalts in northern California have diverse surface morphology and vegetation cover but similar petrographic appearances, which makes them hard to distinguish in the field. Geochemistry and paleomagnetism offer an independent means of distinguishing tholeiitic basalts. Brushy Butte flow field lavas are similar in major-oxide and trace-element abundances but differ from adjacent tholeiitic basalts. This is also apparent in remanent magnetic directions. Additionally, paleomagnetism indicates that the flow field was emplaced during a geologically brief time interval (10–20 years), which 36Cl cosmogenic dating puts at 35.7 ± 1.7 ka. Lidar imagery shows that these flows erupted from at least 28 vents encompassing multiple scoria cones, spatter cones, and craters. Flows can be grouped into four pulses using stratigraphic position and volume. Pulse 1 is the most voluminous, comprising eight eruptions and ∼2.3 km3. Each subsequent pulse started rapidly but decayed quickly, and each successive pulse erupted less lava (i.e., 2.3 km3 for pulse 1, 0.6 km3 for pulse 2, 0.3 km3 for pulse 3, and 0.2 km3 for pulse 4). Many of these flows host well-established lava channels and levees (with channel breakouts) that lead to lava fans, with some flows hosting lava ponds. Similar flow features from tholeiitic eruptions elsewhere demonstrate that these morphologies generally occur over weeks, months, or longer (e.g., Puʻu ʻŌʻō eruption at K–llauea, Hawaiʻi). This multidisciplinary study shows the range of eruptive styles and durations of a Cascades back-arc eruption and illustrates how potential future tholeiitic eruptive activity in the western United States might progress.
HMGB1 Mediated Inflammation and Autophagy Contribute to Endometriosis
Authors: Huang Jingying , Chen Xuan , Lv Yuchun 
Published: March 2021

AimHigh mobility group box (HMGB)-1 has been implicated in endometriosis due to the important regulatory roles of inflammation in endometriosis. The aim of the present study was to explore the roles of HMGB-1 in endometriosis and to elucidate the underlying mechanism.MethodsEndometrial specimens were collected from women with endometriosis and healthy volunteers. Immunohistochemistry staining was used to determine the expression patterns and localization of HMGB-1 in the normal, eutopic and ectopic endometrial tissues. Western blotting and qRT-PCR were used to determine the mRNA and protein levels of inflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-1β], autophagy-related markers [beclin-1, autophagy-related (atg)13, microtubule-associated protein light chain (LC)3-I, LC-II and p62] and HMGB-1, respectively. Spearman’s rank correlation analysis was employed to investigate the correlation between HMGB-1 with inflammatory cytokines and beclin-1. Besides, human endometrial stromal cells (HESCs) were isolated from ectopic endometrium and subsequently transfected with shRNA against HMGB-1. After the transfected cells were subjected to hypoxia, ELISA was used to determine the levels of HMGB-1 and inflammatory cytokines in the cell supernatant. Western blotting was used to determine the expression levels of autophagy-related markers in the cells.ResultsPositive correlations were observed between HMGB-1 and the inflammatory cytokines. In addition, a positive correlation was also identified between HMGB-1 and beclin-1 in the ectopic endometrium. Further results demonstrated that autophagy-related markers beclin-1, atg13 and p62 were significantly upregulated in the ectopic endometrium. In addition, HMGB-1 knockdown suppressed the levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β and autophagy-related markers beclin-1 and atg13, while upregulated p62 in HESCs under hypoxic condition.ConclusionKnockdown of HMGB-1 under hypoxic condition regulated inflammatory cytokines and autophagy-related markers. HMGB-1 might contribute to the development of endometriosis in part through regulating inflammatory response and autophagy.
Novel Compound Heterozygous Pathogenic Mutations of SLC5A5 in a Chinese Patient With Congenital Hypothyroidism
Authors: Zhang Cao-Xu , Zhang Jun-Xiu , Yang Liu , Zhang Chang-Run , Cheng Feng , Zhang Rui-Jia , Fang Ya , Wang Zheng , Wu Feng-Yao , Li Pei-Zhang , Liang Jun , Li Rui , Song Huai-Dong 
Published: March 2021

Background and ObjectivesDefects in the human sodium/iodide symporter (SLC5A5) gene have been reported to be one of the causes of congenital hypothyroidism (CH). We aimed to identify SLC5A5 mutations in Chinese patients with CH and to evaluate the function of the mutation.MethodsTwo hundred and seventy-three patients with primary CH were screened for mutations in SLC5A5 using next-generation sequencing. We investigated the expression and cellular localization of the novel compound heterozygous mutation in SLC5A5. The functional activity of the mutants was further examined in vitro.ResultsIn 273 patients with CH, two previously undescribed pathogenic mutations p.Gly51AlafsTer45 (G51fs) and p.Gly421Arg (G421R) in a compound heterozygous state in SLC5A5 were identified in a pediatric patient. G51fs was located in the first intercellular loop connecting transmembrane segment I and II, whereas G421R was in the transmembrane segment (TMS) XI. G51fs and G421R resulted in a truncated NIS and reduced protein expression, respectively. In vitro experiments further showed that the normal function of iodine transport of sodium-iodide symporter (NIS) mutants was markedly impaired.ConclusionThe undescribed compound heterozygous mutation of SLC5A5 was discovered in a Chinese CH patient. The mutation led to significantly reduced NIS expression and impaired iodide transport function accompanied by the impaired location of the NIS on the plasma membrane. Our study thus provides further insights into the roles of SLC5A5 in CH pathogenesis.
Immune Responses Following BCG Immunization of Infants in Uganda and United Kingdom Are Similar for Purified Protein Derivative but Differ for Secretory Proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Mawa Patrice A. , Hasso-Agopsowicz Mateusz , Lubyayi Lawrence , Nabakooza Grace , Nakibuule Marjorie , Blitz Rose , Dun Li , Govind Abha , Kaleebu Pontiano , Webb Emily L. , Elliott Alison M. , Dockrell Hazel M. , Cose Stephen , Smith Steven G. 
Published: March 2021

Introduction:The immunogenicity of BCG vaccination in infants differs between populations. We hypothesized that prenatal exposure to mycobacterial antigens might explain the differences in immune responses to BCG seen in other studies of infants in Africa and the United Kingdom (UK) and we explored this in birth cohorts in Uganda and the UK.Materials and Methods:Blood samples were obtained from BCG-immunized infants of mothers with (n= 110) and without (n= 121) latentMycobacterium tuberculosisinfection (LTBI) in Uganda and BCG-immunized infants of mothers without LTBI (n= 25) in the UK at 10 and 52 weeks after birth. Cytokine and chemokine responses to PPD were measured to assess responses to BCG immunization, and to ESAT6/CFP10 to assess exposure to or infection withM. tuberculosisor non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in 6-day whole blood culture supernatants by a 17-plex Luminex assay. Median responses were compared between Ugandan infants (together, and separated by maternal LTBI status) and UK infants.Results:The IFN-γ response to BCG vaccination was similar between Ugandan and UK infants at 10 and 52 weeks. At week 52, TNF production was marginally higher in Ugandan infants, but after adjusting for multiple comparisons this difference was not significant. At weeks 10 and 52, stimulation of blood with ESAT6/CFP10 produced significantly higher IFN-γ, TNF, IL-12p40, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1Ra, IP-10, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, and GM-CSF in Ugandan compared to UK infants. Stimulation of blood with ESAT6/CFP10 produced significantly higher amounts of IL-8 (p= 0.0001), IL-10 (p= 0.0022), and IL-13 (p= 0.0020) in the UK than in Ugandan infants of mothers without LTBI at week 10, but not at week 52.Conclusions:Immune responses to mycobacterial antigens following BCG immunization are similar for PPD, but differ for ESAT6/CFP10, between infants in Uganda and the UK. Neither maternal LTBI nor infant exposure to or infection with mycobacteria impacts the response to BCG. The observed global differences in immune response to BCG immunization are likely to be due to other causes.