bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diamond Detectors for Radiotherapy X-Ray Small Beam Dosimetry
Authors: Talamonti C. , Kanxheri K. , Pallotta S. , Servoli L. 
Published: April 2021

Many new X-Ray treatment machines using small and/or non-standard radiation fields, e.g., Tomotherapy, Cyber-knife, and linear accelerators equipped with high-resolution multi-leaf collimators and on-board imaging system, have been introduced in the radiotherapy clinical routine within the last few years. The introduction of these new treatment modalities has led to the development of high conformal radiotherapy treatment techniques like Intensity Modulated photon Radiation Therapy, Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy, and stereotactic radiotherapy. When using these treatment techniques, patients are exposed to non-uniform radiation fields, high dose gradients, time and space variation of dose rates, and beam energy spectrum. This makes reaching the required degree of accuracy in clinical dosimetry even more demanding. Continuing to use standard field procedures and detectors in fields smaller than 3 × 3 cm2, will generate a reduced accuracy of clinical dosimetry, running the risk to overshadowing the progress made so far in radiotherapy applications. These dosimetric issues represent a new challenge for medical physicists. To choose the most appropriate detector for small field dosimetry, different features must be considered. Short- and long-term stability, linear response to the absorbed dose and dose rate, no energy and angular dependence, are all needed but not sufficient. The two most sought-after attributes for small field dosimetry are water equivalence and small highly sensitive (high sensitivity) volumes. Both these requirements aim at minimizing perturbations of charged particle fluence approaching the Charged Particle Equilibrium condition as much as possible, while maintaining high spatial resolution by reducing the averaging effect for non-uniform radiation fields. A compromise between different features is necessary because no dosimeter currently fulfills all requirements, but diamond properties seem promising and could lead to a marked improvement. Diamonds have long been used as materials for dosimeters, but natural diamonds were only first used for medical applications in the 80 s. The availability of reproducible synthetic diamonds at a lower cost compared to natural ones made the diffusion of diamonds in dosimetry possible. This paper aims to review the use of synthetic poly and single-crystal diamond dosimeters in radiotherapy, focusing on their performance under MegaVoltage photon beams. Both commercial and prototype diamond dosimeters behaviour are described and analyzed. Moreover, this paper will report the main related results in literature, considering diamond development issues like growth modalities, electrical contacts, packaging, readout electronics, and how do they affect all the dosimetric parameters of interest such as signal linearity, energy dependence, dose-rate dependence, reproducibility, rise and decay times.
Problematic Pornography Use in Japan: A Preliminary Study Among University Students
Authors: Okabe Yushun , Takahashi Fumito , Ito Daisuke 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundProblematic pornography use is considered an addictive behavior, which is an important clinical issue. Despite considerable research interest in problematic pornography use worldwide, to the best of our knowledge, there are no extant studies on the subject in Japan. Therefore, despite the fact that many people in Japan use pornography, the difference between problematic and non-problematic users among Japanese people is not known.ObjectiveThis study aimed to identify the characteristics of problematic pornography use among Japanese students, to the best of our knowledge. Specifically, we examined general psychopathological symptoms, sexual compulsivity, depression, anxiety, and low effortful control.MethodsThe participants were 150 college students aged 20–26 years (mean age = 21.5, SD = 1.21, males: n = 86, females: n = 64) at a university in midland Japan. An online questionnaire was administered that included items on pornography usage patterns, impaired control of pornography use, sexual compulsivity, depression, anxiety, and effortful control.ResultsMost men (97%) and approximately one-third of women (35.9%) used pornography at least once in the past month. Some users reported significant daily-life problems due to difficulty in controlling pornography use (5.7%). Participants with impaired control of pornography use had higher depression, anxiety, and sexual compulsivity, and lower effortful control than pornography users without impaired control.ConclusionSome Japanese students reported significant daily-life problems due to impaired control of pornography use. The characteristics of individuals with impaired control are consistent with previous studies. The results of this study suggest that individuals with impaired control may have poor mental health, and that there is need for further research and development of treatment systems to manage this issue in Japan. Further research exploring a more varied sample in Japan is required to effectively examine problematic pornography use.
Low-Frequency Seismic Noise Properties in the Japanese Islands
Authors: Lyubushin Alexey 
Published: April 2021

The records of seismic noise in Japan for the period of 1997–2020, which includes the Tohoku seismic catastrophe on 11 March 2011, are considered. The following properties of noise are analyzed: The wavelet-based Donoho–Johnston index, the singularity spectrum support width, and the entropy of the wavelet coefficients. The question of whether precursors of strong earthquakes can be formulated on their basis is investigated. Attention is paid to the time interval after the Tohoku mega-earthquake to the trends in the mean properties of low-frequency seismic noise, which reflect the constant simplification of the statistical structure of seismic vibrations. Estimates of two-dimensional probability densities of extreme values are presented, which highlight the places in which extreme values of seismic noise properties are most often realized. The estimates of the probability densities of extreme values coincide with each other and have a maximum in the region: 30° N ≤ Lat ≤ 34° N, 136° E ≤ Lon≤ 140° E. The main conclusions of the conducted studies are that the preparation of a strong earthquake is accompanied by a simplification of the structure of seismic noise. It is shown that bursts of coherence between the time series of the day length and the noise properties within annual time window precede bursts of released seismic energy. The value of the lag in the release of seismic energy relative to bursts of coherence is about 1.5 years, which can be used to declare a time interval of high seismic hazard after reaching the peak of coherence.
Reconciliation in the Cathedral: Isaac's Religion in “Owen-Mass”
Authors: Насонов Роман Александрович 
Published: April 2021

Статья представляет собой исследование религиозной символики и интерпретацию духовного смысла «Военного реквиема» Бриттена. Воспользовавшись Реквиемом Верди как моделью жанра, композитор отдал ключевую роль в драматургии сочинения эпизодам, созданным на основе военных стихов Оуэна; в результате произведение воспринимается подобно циклу песен в обрамлении частей заупокойной мессы. Военная реальность предстает у Бриттена амбивалентно. Совершая надругательство над древней верой и разбивая чаяния современных людей, война дает шанс возрождению религиозных чувств и символов. Опыт веры, порожденный войной, переживается остро, но при всей своей подлинности зыбок и эфемерен. Церковная традиция хранит веру прочно, однако эта вера в значительной мере утрачивает чистоту и непосредственность, которыми она обладает в момент своего возникновения. Бриттен целенаправленно выстраивает диалог между двумя пластами человеческого опыта (церковным и военным), находит те точки, в которых между ними можно установить контакт. Но это не отменяет их глубокого противоречия. Вера, рождаемая войной, представляет собой в произведении Бриттена «отредактированный» вариант традиционной христианской религии: в ее центре находится не триумфальная победа Христа над злом, а пассивная, добровольно отказавшаяся защищать себя перед лицом зла жертва - не Бог Сын, а «Исаак». Смысл этой жертвы - не в преображении мира, а в защите гуманности человека от присущего ему же стремления к агрессивному самоутверждению.
The study of religious symbolism and the interpretation of the spiritual meaning of “War Requiem” by Britten have presentation in this article. Using Verdi's Requiem as a model of the genre, the composer gave a key role in the drama to the episodes based on the war poems by Wilfred Owen; as a result, the work is perceived as a song cycle framed by parts of the funeral mass. The military reality appears ambivalent. While committing a blasphemy against the ancient belief and shattering the aspirations of modern people, the war offers a chance to revive religious feelings and symbols. This experience of war-born faith is felt keenly, but for all its authenticity, it is shaky and ephemeral. The church tradition keeps faith firmly, but this faith largely loses the original purity and immediacy. Britten purposefully builds a dialogue between the two layers of human experience (church and military), finds those points where contact can be established between them. But this does not change their profound antagonism. In Britten's work, faith born of war is an “edited” version of the traditional Christian religion: in its center is not the triumphant victory of Christ over evil, but a passive sacrifice that voluntarily refused to defend itself in the face of evil-not God the Son, but “Isaac.” The meaning of this sacrifice is not in transforming the world, but in protecting the humanity of a person from his inherent desire for aggressive self-assertion.
Identifikasi dalam Penentuan Prioritas Usulan Kenaikan Jabatan Fungsional Pegawai Menggunakan Metode TOPSIS
Authors: Zulvitri Z , Defit Sarjon , Sumijan S 
Published: April 2021

Politeknik Negeri Padang (PNP) merupakan salah satu perguruan tinggi negeri yang terdapat di Kota Padang, yang mana memiliki 39 Pejabat Fungsional Pranata Laboratorium Pembelajaran yang berikutnya dituturkan PLP. PLP merupakan pegawai Pegawai Negeri Sipil (PNS) yang diberi tugas, tanggung jawab, wewenang serta hak buat melaksanakan aktivitas di bidang pengelolaan Laboratorium Pembelajaran. Masalah yang terjadi adalah PLP tidak mengetahui dengan tepat waktu pengajuan kenaikan pangkat dan jabatan fungsional masing-masing. Sebagian terjadikesulitan dalam pengelola pada sub bagian kepegawaian dalam mencari arsip. Arisip ini selalu bertambah dan menumpuk setiap periode penerimaan. Maka penelitian ini bertujuan mengolah data kepegawaian ini dalam mepermudah dan mempercepat proses kenaikan jabatan. Metode yang digunakan adalah Sistem Pendukung Keputusan (SPK) dalam mengindentifikasi dalam penentuan prioritas usulan kenaikan jabatan fungsional. Metode SPK yang digunakan adalah Technique For Order Preference By Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). Hasil dari penelitian ini memiliki kehandalan dalam mempertimbangkan jarak terpendek pada solusi ideal positif dan juga jarak terpanjang pada solusi ideal negative. Alternatif dan kriteria yang digunakan pada penelitian ini terdiri dari 5 alternatif dan 3 kriteria. Nilai solusi ideal positive dan negative memiliki nilai maximal K1 yaitu 0.66, K2 yaitu 0.022, K3 yaitu 0.05 dan nilai minimal K1 yaitu 0.1, K2 yaitu 0.017, K3 yaitu 0.022. Nilai tertinggi dalam perengkingan yaitu 2 orang dengan nilai 1 dan terendah adalah 1 orang dengan nilai 0.0008. Sehingga penelitian ini sangat membantu dalam mengidentifikasi prioritas kenaikan jabatan dengan tepat.
Location-independent feature binding in visual working memory for sequentially presented objects
Authors: Schneegans Sebastian , Harrison William J. , Bays Paul M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSpatial location is believed to have a privileged role in binding features held in visual working memory. Supporting this view, Pertzov and Husain (Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 76(7), 1914–1924, 2014) reported that recall of bindings between visual features was selectively impaired when items were presented sequentially at the same location compared to sequentially at different locations. We replicated their experiment, but additionally tested whether the observed impairment could be explained by perceptual interference during encoding. Participants viewed four oriented bars in highly discriminable colors presented sequentially either at the same or different locations, and after a brief delay were cued with one color to reproduce the associated orientation. When we used the same timing as the original study, we reproduced its key finding of impaired binding memory in the same-location condition. Critically, however, this effect was significantly modulated by the duration of the inter-stimulus interval, and disappeared if memoranda were presented with longer delays between them. In a second experiment, we tested whether the effect generalized to other visual features, namely reporting of colors cued by stimulus shape. While we found performance deficits in the same-location condition, these did not selectively affect binding memory. We argue that the observed effects are best explained by encoding interference, and that memory for feature binding is not necessarily impaired when memoranda share the same location.
The Self-Prioritization Effect: Self-referential processing in movement highlights modulation at multiple stages
Authors: Desebrock Clea , Spence Charles 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA wealth of recent research supports the validity of the Self-Prioritization Effect (SPE)—the performance advantage for responses to self-associated as compared with other-person-associated stimuli in a shape–label matching task. However, inconsistent findings have been reported regarding the particular stage(s) of information processing that are influenced. In one account, self-prioritization modulates multiple stages of processing, whereas according to a competing account, self-prioritization is driven solely by a modulation in central-stage information-processing. To decide between these two possibilities, the present study tested whether the self-advantage in arm movements previously reported could reflect a response bias using visual feedback (Experiment 1), or approach motivation processes (Experiments 1 and 2). In Experiment 1, visual feedback was occluded in a ballistic movement-time variant of the matching task, whereas in Experiment 2, task responses were directed away from the stimuli and the participant’s body. The advantage for self in arm-movement responses emerged in both experiments. The findings indicate that the self-advantage in arm-movement responses does not depend on the use of visual feedback or on a self/stimuli-directed response. They further indicate that self-relevance can modulate movement responses (predominantly) using proprioceptive, kinaesthetic, and tactile information. These findings support the view that self-relevance modulates arm-movement responses, countering the suggestion that self-prioritization only influences central-stage processes, and consistent with a multiple-stage influence instead.
The missing-VP effect in readers of English as a second language
Authors: Frank Stefan L. , Ernst Patty , Thompson Robin L. , Cozijn Rein 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEnglish sentences with double center-embedded clauses are read faster when they are made ungrammatical by removing one of the required verb phrases. This phenomenon is known as the missing-VP effect. German and Dutch speakers do not experience the missing-VP effect when reading their native language, but they do when reading English as a second language (L2). We investigate whether the missing-VP effect when reading L2 English occurs in native Dutch speakers because their knowledge of English is similar to that of native English speakers (the high exposure account), or because of the difficulty of L2 reading (the low proficiency account). In an eye-tracking study, we compare the size of the missing-VP effect between native Dutch and native English participants, and across native Dutch participants with varying L2 English proficiency and exposure. Results provide evidence for both accounts, suggesting that both native-like knowledge of English and L2 reading difficulty play a role.
Monitoria Digital: trabalhando com o resumo acadêmico em tempos de pandemia
Authors: Lourenço Ester Denise Tavares , Araújo Jardeane Reis de , Lopes Pâmela Cínthia Pereira , Silva Rafael Lisboa da , Capuchinho Adriana Carvalho 
Published: April 2021

Abordamos a produção de resumos acadêmicos, considerando as vozes na escrita e as relações de diálogo que se constroem na produção desses. Objetiva descrever experiências das estudantes monitoradas no curso Introdução à leitura e escrita acadêmicas, realizado em tempos de Pandemia, na produção de resumos em artigo científico. Consideramos monitoria digital (Monroe, 1974), leitura e letramentos (Lemke, 2010), tecnologias educacionais (Kenski, 2003; Capuchinho & Silva, 2020), relações dialógicas (Freire, 1987; Amarilla Filho, 2011) e resumo (Carvalho, 2015). Em práticas didáticas diferenciadas com a participação de alunos de diversos cursos da Universidade Federal do Tocantins, a monitoria trabalhou teoria e práxis de leitura e escrita. Esse ambiente de interação entre discentes, monitores e professora proporcionou um aprendizado de forma remota e diferenciada, ressignificando as práticas de ensino-aprendizagem através de plataformas de tecnologia educacional. Portanto, redescobriram-se métodos para boa leitura e escrita em reinterpretação mais dinâmica.
Palavras-chave: Monitoria digital. Ensino remoto. Tecnologia digital. Pandemia. Resumo.
Palavras-chave: Monitoria Digital, Ensino Remoto, Tecnologia Digital, Pandemia. Resumo.
The Metal-poor Metallicity Distribution of the Ancient Milky Way
Authors: Chiti Anirudh , Mardini Mohammad K. , Frebel Anna , Daniel Tatsuya 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We present a low-metallicity map of the Milky Way consisting of ∼110,000 metal-poor giants with −3.5 < [Fe/H] < −0.75, based on public photometry from the second data release of the SkyMapper survey. These stars extend out to ∼7 kpc from the solar neighborhood and cover the main Galactic stellar populations, including the thick disk and the inner halo. Notably, this map can reliably differentiate metallicities down to [Fe/H] ∼ −3.0, and thus provides an unprecedented view into the ancient, metal-poor Milky Way. Among the more metal-rich stars in our sample ([Fe/H] > −2.0), we recover a clear spatial dependence of decreasing mean metallicity as a function of scale height that maps onto the thick disk component of the Milky Way. When only considering the very metal-poor stars in our sample ([Fe/H] < −2), we recover no such spatial dependence in their mean metallicity out to a scale height of ∣Z∣ ∼ 7 kpc. We find that the metallicity distribution function (MDF) of the most metal-poor stars in our sample (−3.0 < [Fe/H] < −2.3) is well fit with an exponential profile with a slope of and

[Fe/H] = 1.52 ± 0.05, and slightly shifts to

after accounting for target selection effects. For [Fe/H] < −2.3, the MDF is largely insensitive to scale height ∣Z∣ out to ∼5 kpc, showing that very and extremely metal-poor stars are in every galactic component.
Standardised inventories of spiders (Arachnida, Araneae) on touristic trails of the native forests of the Azores (Portugal)
Authors: Carvalho Rui , Cardoso Pedro , Gil Artur , Ferreira Maria Teresa , Ramos Cândida , Lamelas-Lopez Lucas , Pereira Fernando , Malumbres-Olarte Jagoba , Ros-Prieto Alejandra , Boieiro Mário , Borges Paulo 
Published: April 2021

The sharp increase in tourist visitation of the Azores Archipelago from 2015 onwards raised concerns about the impacts of recreational tourism on native habitats. In response, a project was financed by the Azorean Government to investigate the drivers of biodiversity erosion associated with recreational tourism. Here, we present the data on spider biodiversity found on trails located within the native Azorean forests as they are home to several endemic species of great conservation value. We applied an optimised and standardised sampling protocol (COBRA) in twenty-three plots located in five trails on Terceira and São Miguel Islands and assessed diversity and abundance of spider species at different distances from the trail head and the trail itself.
Of the 45 species (12435 specimens) collected, 13 were endemic to the Azores (9690 specimens), 10 native non-endemic (2047 specimens) and 22 introduced (698 specimens). This database will be the baseline of a long-term monitoring project for the assessment of touristic impacts on native forest trails. This methodology can also be used on other habitats and biogeograhical regions.
Marine algal flora of São Miguel Island, Azores
Authors: Neto Ana I , Moreu Ignacio , Rosas Alquicira Edgar , León-Cisneros Karla , Cacabelos Eva , Botelho Andrea , Micael Joana , Costa Ana , Neto Raul , Azevedo José , Monteiro Sandra , Resendes Roberto , Afonso Pedro , Prestes Afonso , Patarra Rita , Álvaro Nuno , Milla-Figueras David , Ballesteros Enric , Fletcher Robert , Farnham William , Tittley Ian , Parente Manuela 
Published: April 2021

The macroalgal flora of the Island of São Miguel (eastern group of the Azores Archipelago) has attracted the interest of many researchers in the past, the first publications going back to the nineteenth century. Initial studies were mainly taxonomic, resulting in the publication of a checklist of the Azorean benthic marine algae. Later, the establishment of the University of the Azores on the Island permitted the logistic conditions to develop both temporal studies and long-term research and this resulted in a significant increase on research directed at the benthic marine algae and littoral communities of the Island and consequent publications.
Prior to the present paper, the known macroalgal flora of São Miguel Island comprised around 260 species. Despite this richness, a significant amount of the research was never made public, notably Masters and PhD theses encompassing information regarding presence data recorded at littoral and sublittoral levels down to a depth of approximately 40 m around the Island and the many collections made, which resulted in vouchers deposited in the AZB Herbarium Ruy Telles Palhinha and the LSM- Molecular Systematics Laboratory at the Faculty of Sciences and Technology of the University of the Azores.
The present publication lists the macroalgal taxonomic records, together with information on their ecology and occurrence around São Miguel Island, improving the knowledge of the Azorean macroalgal flora at local and regional scales.
A total of 12,781 specimens (including some identified only to genus) belonging to 431 taxa of macroalgae are registered, comprising 284 Rhodophyta, 59 Chlorophyta and 88 Ochrophyta (Phaeophyceae). Of these, 323 were identified to species level (212 Rhodophyta, 48 Chlorophyta and 63 Ochrophyta), of which 61 are new records for the Island (42 Rhodophyta, 9 Chlorophyta and 10 Ochrophyta), one an Azorean endemic (Predaea feldmannii subsp. azorica Gabriel), five are Macaronesian endemisms (the red algae Botryocladia macaronesica Afonso-Carrillo, Sobrino, Tittley &amp; Neto, Laurencia viridis Gil-Rodríguez &amp; Haroun, Millerella tinerfensis (Seoane-Camba) S.M.Boo &amp; J.M.Rico, Phyllophora gelidioides P.Crouan &amp; H.Crouan ex Karsakoff and the green alga Codium elisabethiae O.C.Schmidt), 19 are introduced species (15 Rhodophyta, two Chlorophyta and two Ochrophyta) and 32 are of uncertain status (21 Rhodophyta, five Chlorophyta and six Ochrophyta).