bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High Visible Light Photocatalytic Activity of SnO2‐x Nanocrystals with Rich Oxygen Vacancy
Authors: Liu Quan , Zhan Hongquan , Huang Xuchun , Song Yihui , He Shenchao , Li Xiaohong , Wang Changan , Xie Zhipeng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSnO2‐x nanocrystals were prepared using a simple hydrothermal method by controlling the proportions of Sn4+/Sn2+ precursors. Due to the doping of Sn2+, the oxygen vacancies could be introduced into SnO2 nanocrystals, and their concentration can be controlled by the amount of doping Sn2+. The structural characteristics of SnO2‐x nanocrystals was investigated by X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectra, Raman spectra, UV‐vis diffuse reflectance, photoluminescence spectra and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results reveal that the bridging O‐vacancies are dominant in the pure SnO2 while the in‐plane O‐vacancies play a key role in the SnO2‐x. Meanwhile, the higher Sn2+ concentration, the more structural disorder was produced. According to XPS analysis, the presence of oxygen defects will change the electronic structure of SnO2‐x nanocrystals, which will lead to the valence band moving up and the smaller band gap. The rich oxygen vacancies, the structural disorder and the narrow band gap should greatly improve the visible light harvesting, and result in the excellent photocatalytic activity.
A fully distributed energy‐aware multi‐level clustering and routing for WSN‐based IoT
Authors: Abasıkeleş‐Turgut İpek , Altan Gokhan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOne of the major problems in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is that resource‐constrained sensor nodes consume their limited batteries quickly due to long‐distance data communications. The communication distance of the nodes can be decreased using clustering architectures and multi‐hop data transmissions; hence, the lifetime of the network can be increased. In this study, two‐level intra‐cluster and multi‐level inter‐cluster communication are proposed. The coverage area of the second‐level clusters is dynamically determined according to the distance of cluster heads to the BS. Self‐organized nodes in the network designate the clustering ranges, the clusters, and the cluster heads without a central control mechanism using a fully distributed approach. Moreover, with the help of static clustering, the control messages generated by the system are decreased. The proposed approach, FDEAM, is compared with recent approaches in terms of the network lifetime, network energy consumption, cluster head alteration frequency, dead parent statistics, and data collection. The results show that FDEAM outperforms state‐of‐the‐art approaches for all performance metrics.
Anti‐jamming beam steering based on strapdown inertial navigation system aid for global satellite navigation system receivers in highly dynamic scenes
Authors: Wang Hao , Chang Qing , Xu Yong , Li Xianxu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn highly dynamic scenes, beamforming can alleviate satellite signal attenuation and distortion caused by null widening. In this article, a beam steering scheme based on strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS) aid is proposed. Firstly, the Hermite interpolation algorithm is used to calculate satellite position coordinates to reduce the amount of calculation. On the other hand, the satellite position coordinates are converted to the antenna coordinate system, and the beam direction is calibrated based on the attitude angle measured by the SINS to ensure the optimal beam gain. Finally, the proposed scheme is verified through a simulation, and the influence of SINS measurement errors and interpolation errors on the beamforming performance is evaluated. The simulation results show that the proposed method can effectively improve and stabilize the signal‐to‐noise ratio and reduce the influence of anti‐interference processing on satellite signals close to the interference direction in dynamic scenes.
A decision for 5G‐UAV to maximize the throughput of emergency indoor‐outdoor communication
Authors: Guo Zinan , Liu Xikui , Cui Jian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn the emergency communication scenario, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) relay can provide long‐distance communication service for indoor users. Different from providing services for outdoor users, there is a signal through wall loss when providing services for indoor users. The process of signal passing through the wall leads to the rapid attenuation of the signal, the significant reduction of the signal‐to‐noise ratio, and further leads to the decline of the system throughput. In order to improve the system throughput as much as possible, it is necessary to optimize the three‐dimensional location of UAV, adjust the elevation angle of signal through the wall, and reduce the through wall loss. Users have the right to enjoy the same communication quality, but the optimization of UAV location cannot meet the fairness requirements of users. Therefore, under the constraints of user fairness and information causality, we construct the objective problem of maximizing system throughput. Due to the difficulty of solving the original problem, we decompose the original problem into two subproblems (location optimization and bandwidth allocation), and use successive convex approximation theory to solve them, respectively. Then we propose a joint location and bandwidth optimization (JLBO) algorithm. Simulation results show that the JLBO algorithm has good convergence performance and can maximize system throughput on the premise of ensuring user fairness.
Changes in the microbiological, physicochemical properties of Chinese traditional fermented Suan rou at ripening fermentation
Authors: Zeng Xuefeng , Meng Ju , Zhang Wei , He Laping , Deng Li , Ye Chun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study characterized the changes in the microbiological, physicochemical properties of Suan rou during fermentation via three different techniques (Technique A is a traditional production process. Based on technique A, technique B adds a total of 200 g of sucrose to the thinly sliced meat, and technique C changes the amount of salt in the thinly sliced meat to 200 grams.). Compared to batch A, the samples from batches B and C featured more rapid reduction in pH and generated more TA. Myofibrillar proteins in batches B and C showed higher degradation rate, and several low‐molecular‐weight metabolites were determined on the basis of sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) gel lanes. The contents of thiobarbituric acid (TBARS) and total volatile base nitrogen (TVB‐N) and the growth of spoilage bacteria and pathogens were suppressed in the three batches. A relatively compatible acid–salinity proportion was presented in the Suan rou of batches A and B compared with that of batch C. The results show that the Suan rou made by B technology was more palatable acid flavor and abundant nutrition.
Effect of the joint fermentation of pyracantha powder and glutinous rice on the physicochemical characterization and functional evaluation of rice wine
Authors: Wang Xiaoyu , Yang Huanyi , Tian Rungang , Mo Yiwei , Dong Lijia , Shen Chi , Han Xueyuan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPyracantha fortuneana, as a kind of wild plant resource for both medicine and food, has high nutrition and health‐care value. This study was to explore the effect of the joint fermentation of pyracantha powder and glutinous rice on the physicochemical and functional characterization of rice wine, aiming to improve the rice wine functional quality. As a result, a light dry rice wine fermented with P. fortuneana (PRW) was obtained using the fermentation technology of the Chinese rice wine. Although the contents of alcohol and protein in PRW were lower compared with the rice wine (RW) without adding pyracantha powder, the contents of sugar, ascorbic acid, total phenols, total flavonoids, and anthocyanins were higher in PRW. The analysis of volatile compounds by GC‐IMS showed that the contents of most aldehydes, alcohols, and esters increased in PRW. The quantification of organic acids and phenolic monomers indicated that most of the monomers determined were more abundant in PRW. Besides, the antioxidant capacity of PRW, including the scavenging rate of DPPH• and ABTS+•, was significantly stronger than that of RW. The bacteriostatic effect of the phenolic extracts from PRW was also observed obviously. It was expected to provide an effective way for the comprehensive utilization of P. fortuneana resource by producing a kind of nutritious and healthy pyracantha rice wine.
The regional effect of serum hormone levels on cerebral blood flow in healthy nonpregnant women
Authors: Cote Samantha , Butler Russell , Michaud Vincent , Lavallee Eric , Croteau Etienne , Mendrek Adrianna , Lepage Jean‐Francois , Whittingstall Kevin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSex hormones estrogen (EST) and progesterone (PROG) have received increased attention for their important physiological action outside of reproduction. While studies have shown that EST and PROG have significant impacts on brain function, their impact on the cerebrovascular system in humans remains largely unknown. To address this, we used a multi‐modal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) approach to investigate the link between serum hormones in the follicular phase and luteal phase of the menstrual cycle (MC) with measures of cerebrovascular function (cerebral blood flow [CBF]) and structure (intracranial artery diameter). Fourteen naturally cycling women were recruited and assessed at two‐time points of their MC. CBF was derived from pseudo‐continuous arterial spin labeling while diameters of the internal carotid and basilar artery was assessed using time of flight magnetic resonance angiography, blood samples were performed after the MRI. Results show that PROG and EST had opposing and spatially distinct effects on CBF: PROG correlated negatively with CBF in anterior brain regions (r = −.86, p < .01), while EST correlations were positive, yet weak and most prominent in posterior areas (r = .78, p < .01). No significant correlations between either hormone or intracranial artery diameter were observed. These results show that EST and PROG have opposing and regionally distinct effects on CBF and that this relationship is likely not due to interactions with large intracranial arteries. Considering that CBF in healthy women appears tightly linked to their current hormonal state, future studies should consider assessing MC‐related hormone fluctuations in the design of functional MRI studies in this population.
Statistical analysis of flash flood events for designing water harvesting systems in an extremely arid environment
Authors: Unami Koichi , Mohawesh Osama , Fadhil Rasha M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA water harvesting system for research purposes has been established in the Lisan Peninsula of the Dead Sea in the middle of the Jordan Rift Valley, where no authorized guideline is available for designing water harvesting systems. Rainfall and runoff, which occurred as flash floods, were observed at the downstream end of a gorge with a 1.12 km2 barren catchment area from October 2014 through July 2019. Due to the extremely arid environment, runoff from the catchment is ephemeral, and the flash flood events can be clearly distinguishable from each other. Thirteen flash flood events with a total runoff volume of more than 100 m3 were successfully recorded during the five rainy seasons. Pearson and Spearman correlations between duration, total rainfall depths at two points, total runoff volume, maximum runoff discharge, bulk runoff coefficient, total variation in runoff discharge and maximum variation in runoff discharge of each flash flood event were examined, revealing no straightforward relationship between rainfall and runoff. The performance of the conventional SCS runoff curve number method was also deficient in reproducing any rainfall–runoff relationship. Therefore, probability distribution fitting was performed for each random variable, focusing on the lognormal distribution with three parameters and the generalized extreme value distribution. The maximum goodness‐of‐fit estimation turns out to be a more rational and efficient method in obtaining the parameter values of those probability distributions rather than the standard maximum likelihood estimation, which has known disadvantages. Results support the design of the water harvesting system and provide quantitative information for designing and operating similar systems in the future.
Impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on population‐based cancer registry
Authors: Soerjomataram Isabelle , Bardot Aude , Aitken Joanne , Piñeros Marion , Znaor Ariana , Steliarova‐Foucher Eva , Kohler Betsy , Bettio Manola , Matsuda Tomohiro , de Camargo Cancela Marianna , Mery Les , Bray Freddie 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has caused disruptions to national health systems and impacted health outcomes worldwide. However, the extent to which surveillance systems, such as population‐based cancer registration, have been affected was not reported. Here we sought to evaluate the effect of the pandemic on registry operations across different areas and development levels worldwide. We investigated the impact of COVID‐19 on three main areas of cancer registry operations: staffing, financing and data collection. An online survey was administered to 750 member registries of the International Association for Cancer Registries. Among 212 responding registries from 90 countries, 65.6% reported a disruption in operations, ranging between 45% in south‐eastern Asia and 87% in the Latin America and Caribbean. Active data collection was disrupted more than case notifications or hybrid methods. In countries categorized with low Human Development Index (HDI), a greater number of registries reported a negative impact (81.3%) than in very high HDI countries (57.8%). This contrast was highest in term of impact on financing: 9/16 (56%) registries in low HDI countries reported a current or an expected decline in funding, compared to 7/108 (7%) in very high HDI countries. With many cancer registries worldwide reporting disruption to their operations during the early COVID‐19 pandemic, urgent actions are needed to ensure their continuity. Governmental commitment to support future registry operations as an asset to disease control, alongside a move toward electronic reporting systems will help to ensure the sustainability of cancer surveillance worldwide.
Single‐cell RNA sequencing reveals the epithelial cell heterogeneity and invasive subpopulation in human bladder cancer
Authors: Lai Huadong , Cheng Xiaomu , Liu Qiang , Luo Wenqin , Liu Mengyao , Zhang Man , Miao Juju , Ji Zhongzhong , Lin Guan Ning , Song Weichen , Zhang Lianhua , Bo Juanjie , Yang Guoliang , Wang Jia , Gao Wei‐Qiang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBladder cancer represents a highly heterogeneous disease characterized by distinct histological, molecular and clinical phenotypes, and a detailed analysis of tumor cell invasion and crosstalks within bladder tumor cells has not been determined. Here, we applied droplet‐based single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) to acquire transcriptional profiles of 36 619 single cells isolated from seven patients. Single cell transcriptional profiles matched well with the pathological basal/luminal subtypes. Notably, in T1 tumors diagnosed as luminal subtype, basal cells displayed characteristics of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) and mainly located at the tumor‐stromal interface as well as micrometastases in the lamina propria. In one T3 tumor, muscle‐invasive tumor showed significantly higher expression of cancer stem cell markers SOX9 and SOX2 than the primary tumor. We additionally analyzed communications between tumor cells and demonstrated its relevance to basal/luminal phenotypes. Overall, our single‐cell study provides a deeper insight into the tumor cell heterogeneity associated with bladder cancer progression.
The Crystal Structure of 5‐Aminouracil and the Ambiguity of Alternative Polymorphs
Authors: Watts Taylor A. , Price Louise S. , Price Sarah L. , Niederberger Sara M. , Bertke Jeffery A. , Swift Jennifer A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe nucleobase derivative 5‐aminouracil (AUr, C4H5N3O2) is of interest for its biological activity, yet the solid state structure of this compound has remained elusive owing to its propensity to crystallize as aggregates of microcrystalline particles. Here we report the first single‐crystal structure of AUr determined from synchrotron x‐ray diffraction data. An early crystal structure prediction effort, which assumed that AUr was rigid in the isolated molecule optimized conformation, provided several poor matches to the simulated PXRD pattern. Revisiting these crystal structures, by periodic electronic level modelling (PBE‐TS optimization) gave more realistic relative lattice energies, but a good match to the experimental powder pattern required using the experimental cell parameters. PXRD and Raman spectroscopy suggest that phase impurities may be present in the bulk crystallization product, though the identity of alternative polymorphs could not be confirmed on the basis of the data available.
Association Between Steroid Use and Nephropathy in Patients Who Were Administered a Proton Pump Inhibitor: Analysis of the Japanese Adverse Event Report Database
Authors: Mitsuboshi Satoru , Kaseda Ryohei , Narita Ichiei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study used the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report database to investigate whether steroid use decreases the risk of nephropathy in patients who were administered a proton pump inhibitor (PPI). Disproportionality of kidney injury was observed between patients who did and those who did not use steroids while taking lansoprazole (reporting odds ratio, 0.78; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.65‐0.93; P = .002) or rabeprazole (reporting odds ratio, 0.69; 95%CI, 0.53‐0.89; P = .005). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed a significantly negative association of kidney injury with steroid use (odds ratio [OR], 0.85; 95%CI, 0.75‐0.96; P = .011) and a significantly positive association with the presence of chronic kidney disease (OR, 1.66; 95%CI, 1.44‐1.90; P < .001), the presence of comorbidities that relate to nephropathy (OR, 1.43; 95%CI, 1.29‐1.59; P < .001), male sex (OR, 1.25; 95%CI, 1.13‐1.39; P < .001), and age ≥80 years (OR, 1.21; 95%CI, 1.07‐1.37; P = .002). These findings suggest that steroid use may decrease the risk of proton pump inhibitor–induced nephropathy.
Mesophilic batch co‐digestion of municipal solid waste and food waste: improved digester performance and stability at optimum organic loading rates
Authors: Shahbaz Muhammad , Ammar Muhammad , Hussain Shahid , Ahmed Toheed , Ashraf Waqar Muhammad , Raza Ali , Amjad Ahsan , Zou Dexun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe accumulative municipal solid waste (MSW) production calls for emerging efficient technology for its handling. Anaerobic digestion (AD) of MSW provides effective waste volatilization. The high C/N ratio of MSW and increasing organic loading rates (OLRs) are central AD restrictions that affect the AD process performance, inhibition due to aggregation of volatile fatty acids (VFAs), and rapid fall in pH.RESULTSThis study examines the consequence of OLRs on AD of MSW with a high C/N ratio of 406 in food waste (FW) to have a balanced C/N ratio of 30. Three batch scale digesters investigate under mesophilic conditions (35 °C) with OLRs of 10, 15, and 20 gVS L−1to assess the digester performance and stability in biogas yield, methane yield, and volatile solids (VS) reduction. The cumulative biogas and methane yield are observed to be 1336 and 776 mL gVS−1, respectively, with aVSreduction rate of 78%, at 10 gVS L−1. VFA/alkalinity ratio ranges from 0.02 to 0.01 at OLR of 10 and 15 gVS L−1, which designates a higher buffering capability of the digester. While VFA/alkalinity ratio of 0.48 observes at OLR of 20 gVS L−1. A rapid deprivation in digester performance and stability finds at ORL of 15 and 20 gVS L−1. The cumulative biogas yield and methane yield decrease with the increase in OLR from 10 to 20 gVS L−1.CONCLUSIONThis study provided sufficient information for better AD processes and operational circumstances that are an optimum and effective method to convert organic matter to biogas fuel. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Staudinger ketene–imine [2+2] cycloaddition of novel azomethines to synthesize biologically active azetidinone derivatives and their in vitro antimicrobial studies
Authors: Kapoor Atul , Rajput Jaspreet Kaur 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSince considerable intrigue has been focused on azetidinone (β‐lactam) compounds for their wide range antimicrobial activity, the present study focuses on the synthesis of new series of azetidinone compounds. The reaction between the novel azomethine and α‐haloester in the presence of Zn impetus and benzene resulted into the formation of desired azetidinone derivative by [2+2] cycloaddition involving imine–ketene. The reaction has also been studied in the presence of diverse Lewis acids such as Zn(OTf)2, ZnCl2, Cu(OTf)2, TiCl4, and BF3.Et2O. The effect of such Lewis acids also enhance the yield of the desired product. Moreover, the structure of the isolated products was also affirmed by spectral analysis (Fourier‐transform infrared [FT‐IR] spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance [1H NMR], carbon‐13 nuclear magnetic resonance [13C NMR], and high‐resolution mass spectrometry [HRMS]). Furthermore, the antibacterial activity of synthesized compounds has been screened in vitro against different pathogenic bacterial and fungus species. Inspection of the results uncovered that all of the newly synthesized compounds individually display varying degrees of inhibitory impacts on the development of the tested bacterial species, thus, they might be considered as medication possibility for bacterial pathogens. The azomethine exhibited an expansive range of antibacterial activity against Gram‐negative Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Acinetobacter baumannii and Gram‐positive Staphylococcus aureus bacterial strains and antifungal activity against Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, and Candida parapsilosis bacterial strain. The result demonstrated that the β‐lactam subordinates have good antibacterial and antifungal activities on microscopic organisms.
MPS I: Early diagnosis, bone disease and treatment, where are we now?
Authors: Kingma Sandra D. K. , Jonckheere An I. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) is a lysosomal storage disorder characterized by α‐L‐iduronidase deficiency. Patients present with a broad spectrum of disease severity ranging from the most severe phenotype (Hurler) with devastating neurocognitive decline, bone disease and early death to intermediate (Hurler‐Scheie) and more attenuated (Scheie) phenotypes, with a normal life expectancy. The most severely affected patients are preferably treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, which halts the neurocognitive decline. Patients with more attenuated phenotypes are treated with enzyme replacement therapy. There are several challenges to be met in the treatment of MPS I patients. First, to optimize outcome, early recognition of the disease and clinical phenotype is needed to guide decisions on therapeutic strategies. Second, there is thus far no effective treatment available for MPS I bone disease. The pathophysiological mechanisms behind bone disease are largely unknown, limiting the development of effective therapeutic strategies. This article is a state of the art that comprehensively discusses three of the most urgent open issues in MPS I: early diagnosis of MPS I patients, pathophysiology of MPS I bone disease, and emerging therapeutic strategies for MPS I bone disease.