bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interventions to improve primary care provider management of atopic dermatitis: A systematic review
Authors: Croce Emily A. , Lopes Fabiana C. P. S. , Ruth Jennifer , Silverberg Jonathan I. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMost atopic dermatitis (AD) patients are managed by primary care providers (PCPs). PCP discomfort diagnosing and managing AD leads to suboptimal patient outcomes. In order to determine the efficacy of interventions aimed at improving PCP management of AD, a systematic literature review was performed for interventions to improve primary care management of AD. PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, LILACS, Cochrane, GREAT, and CINAHL were searched from database origin to February 24, 2020. Two reviewers independently performed the title/abstract and full‐text review, and data extraction. Overall, 3009 non‐duplicate articles were screened; 145 full‐text articles were assessed. Thirteen studies met inclusion criteria, including 8 randomized controlled trials, 2 cohorts, 2 qualitative studies, and 1 unspecified design. Seven interventions (53.8%) significantly improved PCP knowledge/ability and/or a patient outcome, including patients consulting with a dermatology‐trained nurse, pairing clinical education with expert consultation, pairing trainees with clinical mentors, giving clinicians a treatment guide, pairing clinical education with a treatment guide, and providing an eczema action plan. Studies had moderate‐high risk‐of‐bias, moderate quality, and heterogeneous designs. There are few studies published and little evidence supporting the efficacy of interventions aimed at improving primary care management of AD. Further research is required to develop and implement effective interventions to improve primary care management of AD.
Maximum composite likelihood estimation for spatial extremes models of Brown–Resnick type with application to precipitation data
Authors: Kim Moosup , Lee Sangyeol 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this study, we consider the maximum composite likelihood estimator for spatial extremes model class of Brown–Resnick type. The composite likelihood is constructed based on the weighted tail empirical process. It is shown that the proposed estimator is consistent and asymptotically normal under some regularity conditions fulfilled by the model class. We conduct Monte Carlo simulations to evaluate the estimator and apply it to the analysis of a precipitation data set.
Quality over quantity: A transactional model of social withdrawal and friendship development in late adolescence
Authors: Barzeva Stefania A. , Richards Jennifer S. , Veenstra René , Meeus Wim H. J. , Oldehinkel Albertine J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to test a longitudinal, transactional model that describes how social withdrawal and friendship development are interrelated in late adolescence, and to investigate if post‐secondary transitions are catalysts of change for highly withdrawn adolescents’ friendships. Unilateral friendship data of 1,019 adolescents (61.3% female, 91% Dutch‐origin) from the Tracking Adolescents’ Individual Lives Survey (TRAILS) cohort were collected five times from ages 17 to 18 years. Social withdrawal was assessed at 16 and 19 years. The transactional model was tested within a Structural Equation Modeling framework, with intercepts and slopes of friendship quantity, quality, and stability as mediators and residential transitions, education transitions, and sex as moderators. The results confirmed the presence of a transactional relation between withdrawal and friendship quality. Whereas higher age 16 withdrawal predicted having fewer, lower‐quality, and less‐stable friendships, only having lower‐quality friendships, in turn, predicted higher age 19 withdrawal, especially in girls. Residential transitions were catalysts of change for highly withdrawn youth's number of friends: higher withdrawal predicted a moderate increase in number of friends for adolescents who relocated, and no change for those who made an educational transition or did not transition. Taken together, these results indicate that the quality of friendships—over and above number of friends and the stability of those friendships—is particularly important for entrenching or diminishing withdrawal in late adolescence, and that relocating provides an opportunity for withdrawn late adolescents to expand their friendship networks.
Anti‐D alloimmunization in Rh(D) negative adults with severe traumatic injury
Authors: Raval Jay S. , Madden Kathleen M. , Neal Matthew D. , Moore Sarah A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionWidely varying rates of alloimmunization associated with transfusing uncrossmatched RBC products to trauma patients as part of hemostatic resuscitation have been reported. We characterized the rates of RBC alloimmunization in our severely injured Rh(D) negative trauma population who received uncrossmatched Rh(D) positive RBC products.MethodsIn a 10‐year retrospective analysis to assess Rh(D) alloimmunization risks, Rh(D) negative adult trauma patients initially requiring uncrossmatched group O Rh(D) positive RBC products with either RBC units or low titer group O whole blood as part of massive transfusion protocol (MTP) activation were identified. Only those Rh(D) negative patients whose initial antibody screenings were negative were included. Duration of serologic follow‐up from date of MTP activation to either date of anti‐D detection or most recent negative antibody screening was calculated.ResultsThere were 129 eligible Rh(D) negative trauma patients identified. Median injury severity score was 25. Anti‐D was detected in 10 (7.8%) patients after a median of 161.5 days; the median duration of serologic follow‐up in those who did not have anti‐D detected was 220 days. Patients who had anti‐D detected were less severely injured and received fewer Rh(D) positive RBC products versus those who did not.DiscussionIn our severely injured adult trauma patients with MTP activation requiring uncrossmatched group O Rh(D) positive RBC products, the rate of anti‐D detection was low. Additional studies are necessary to determine generalizability of these findings and fully characterize alloimmunization risks in trauma patients with varying extents of injury.
Determinants of the intention to donate umbilical cord blood in pregnant women
Authors: Fernandes Mariana , Alessandri Guido , Abbad Rubi , Grano Caterina 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesUmbilical cord blood (UCB) donation is a behaviour promoted by many countries' health systems. However, UCB donation is not a widespread behaviour among expectant mothers, and little is known about the reasons that may lead to it. The aim of the present study was to analyse the contribution of Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) variables among both primiparous and multiparous women in predicting intention to donate UCB.Materials and MethodsThree hundred seventy‐six expectant mothers completed questionnaires that captured sociodemographic data, parity, previous donation, attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control (PBC) and intention to donate UCB. Multigroup analysis structural equation modelling was conducted using Mplus (version 8.02).ResultsMultigroup path analyses showed that intentions were strongly predicted by subjective norms and moderately predicted by positive attitudes and PBC in both primiparous and multiparous women. TPB constructs explained 71% of the variance in intentions for both groups.ConclusionsFuture interventions to increase intention to donate among primiparous and multiparous women could primarily consider the influence of partner and significant others in determining positive intentions and secondarily target increasing positive attitudes and perceptions of control.
Neglected tropical zoonotic diseases in Tigray region, northern Ethiopia: Spatial distribution and trend analysis of rabies, tuberculosis, schistosomiasis, and visceral leishmaniasis in humans
Authors: Menghistu Habtamu Taddele , Mersha Tadesse Teferi , Shumuye Nigus Abebe , Woldie Biruk Mekonnen , Redda Yisehak Tsegaye , Hadush Birhanu , Mohammed Abrahim Hassen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNeglected tropical zoonotic diseases (NTZDs) continue to affect the health and livelihoods of humans particularly the poor and marginalized populations in developing countries. Mapping the distribution and burden of these diseases will support making an informed decision. A retrospective study was conducted to map the spatial distribution and analyse trend of NTZDs in Tigray region, Northern Ethiopia. A health management information system (HMIS) data between 2012/13 and 2016/17 was obtained from Tigray National Regional State Health Bureau. The Quantum‐GIS software was used to map the spatial distribution and burden of selected NTZDs at zonal level. Only four of the NTZDs namely rabies, tuberculosis (TB), schistosomiasis and visceral leishmaniasis (VL) from the records of HMIS data were considered. A high incidence rate (IR) at least for one of the NTZDs was reported in males above 15 years old. In the 5‐year period, of the 60,099 reported NTZD cases, 30.3% (18,220), 26.6% (16,005), 23.3% (14,001), 14.4% (8,661), and 5.3% (3,212) were, respectively, schistosomiasis, extra‐pulmonary TB, rabies, pulmonary TB, and visceral leishmaniasis. The year‐wise analysis showed an irregular trend for the NTZDs where both the decreasing and increasing trends didn't show statistically significant variation. However, the overall regional number of TB cases showed a decreasing trend, where the decrease for extra‐pulmonary TB (1.8 cases per 100,000 population) was higher than pulmonary TB (0.5 cases per 100,000 population). Similarly, the annual number of rabies and VL cases showed a decreasing trend. On the other hand, the number of schistosomiasis cases showed an increasing trend (8.2 cases per 100,000 population). The annual average number of TB (171 cases per 100,000 population), schistosomiasis (354 cases per 100,000 population), and VL (63 cases per 100,000 population) cases were much higher in Western zone compared to the rest of the zones. The incidence rate of rabies was higher in Mekelle and Southeastern (100 cases per 100,000 population) and Northwestern (97 cases per 100,000 population) zones. Intervention strategies applied in the region should take into account the zonal distribution and burden of NTZDs.
A Multi-Objective Bayesian Optimization Approach Using the Weighted Tchebycheff Method
Authors: Biswas Arpan , Fuentes Claudio , Hoyle Christopher 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Bayesian optimization (BO) is a low-cost global optimization tool for expensive black-box objective functions, where we learn from prior evaluated designs, update a posterior surrogate Gaussian process model, and select new designs for future evaluation using an acquisition function. This research focuses upon developing a BO model with multiple black-box objective functions. In the standard multi-objective (MO) optimization problem, the weighted Tchebycheff method is efficiently used to find both convex and non-convex Pareto frontiers. This approach requires knowledge of utopia values before we start optimization. However, in the BO framework, since the functions are expensive to evaluate, it is very expensive to obtain the utopia values as a prior knowledge. Therefore, in this paper, we develop a MO-BO framework where we calibrate with multiple linear regression (MLR) models to estimate the utopia value for each objective as a function of design input variables; the models are updated iteratively with sampled training data from the proposed MO-BO. These iteratively estimated mean utopia values are used to formulate the weighted Tchebycheff MO acquisition function. The proposed approach is implemented in two numerical test examples and one engineering design problem of optimizing thin tube geometries under constant loading of temperature and pressure, with minimizing the risk of creep-fatigue failure and design cost, along with risk-based and manufacturing constraints. Finally, the model accuracy with frequentist, Bayesian and without MLR-based calibration are compared to true Pareto solutions.
Time Domain Study on the Construction Mechanism of Milling Stability Lobe Diagrams With Multiple Modes
Authors: Wang Liping , Li Weitao , Yu Guang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The stability lobe diagram (SLD) is an important expression way of milling stability prediction result. The SLD obtained by only selecting the most flexible mode fails to predict the chatter if the milling process is dominated by multiple modes. To reveal the relationship between the SLD with multiple modes and the SLDs corresponding to each single mode, this paper studies the construction mechanism of the SLD with multiple modes by using a time domain method. First, the milling dynamic model of the tool with multiple modes is established. Then, the numerical method based on the Newton-Cotes rules is used to solve the milling dynamic model with multiple modes whose solution is in the form of the SLD. It shows that the SLD with multiple modes can be approximated by using the lowest envelope of the SLDs corresponding to each single mode. Finally, two study cases are adopted to verify the construction mechanism of the SLD with multiple modes. To verify the correctness of the SLD with multiple modes, a series of milling tests are carried out. The experimental results agree with the simulation results, which mean the proposed time domain method can reveal the construction mechanism of the SLD with multiple modes.
Association of the mobility level of critically ill adult patients with the success of extubation: protocol for a cohort study
Authors: Pal Camila , Fu Carolina , Carvalho Carlos Roberto Ribeiro , Auler Júnior José Otávio Costa , Yamauchi Liria Yuri 
Published: July 2021

IntroductionSeveral factors contribute to the reduction of the mobility in ICU), such as the use of sedatives, severity, invasive devices, acute clinical instability, lack of resources, the culture of immobility, architectural barriers and the own weakness developed in the ICU. The need for ventilatory support is common in most of patients, and weaning from mechanical ventilation (MV) is an arduous process that requires the commitment of the entire team. Instruments that objectively assess the mobility of patients admitted to the ICU can be useful to identify the existence or not of an association between mobility and prognosis.ObjectiveTo estimate the association between the level of mobility and successful extubation.Methods and analysisProspective cohort study with the beginning of follow-up when the patient completes 24 hours of invasive MV in the ICU and ends on the date the patient’s hospital discharge. Adult patients (≥18 years old) admitted to the ICU will be included in the first invasive MV event in this hospitalisation. Patients should be independently able to mobilise before current hospital admission. Predictor variables will be collected (age, sex, body mass index, Simplified Acute Physiological Score III (SAPS III), ICU admission type: clinic, elective or emergency surgery postoperative, Charlson Index, number of physiotherapists per patient in each ICU, use of sedation, vasoactive drugs and neuromuscular blocker, ICU mobility scale, time of invasive MV, ICU admission and hospital admission, and outcome. The primary outcome is the result of extubation (success or failure).Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the Ethics Committee, certificate number 92878218.1.0000.5505. The protocol was registered on theRegistro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos(ReBEC) (registration number RBR-8k4f68). The results will be published in specialised journals and disseminated to the medical society and the general public.
Developing a midwifery service task list for Chinese midwives in the task-shifting context: a Delphi study
Authors: Gu Chunyi , Lindgren Helena , Wang Xiaojiao , Zhang Zheng , Liang Shuang , Ding Yan , Qian Xu 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveTo develop and validate a midwifery-led task list in the task-shifting context.DesignAn extensive literature review followed by a two-iterative Delphi survey.SettingTwenty university hospitals, three non-university hospitals and four university colleges from nine provincial regions of China.ParticipantsPurposive non-probability sampling of a national panel of experts in maternal healthcare, obstetrics, nursing and midwifery. Experts in the panel were asked to rate each midwifery service item regarding importance, feasibility and advancement on a 5-point scale, in order to determine those best suited for midwifery-led practice in China.ResultsTwo rounds of Delphi surveys were completed before consensus was achieved, with effective response rate ranging from 96.4% (27/28) to 100% (27/27), indicating a high positive coefficient of the experts. The authority coefficient of experts was 0.882, indicating the high reliability of this study. The Kendall harmony coefficient (W) in the two rounds of consultations was 0.196 (p<0.001) and 0.324 (p<0.001), respectively. A detailed, three-level midwifery-led task list was developed, including 3 domains of midwifery practice (first-level indicators), 13 types of task (second-level indicators) and 58 midwifery service items (third-level indicators). The 3 domains of midwifery practice involved the appropriate scope of practice for Chinese midwives, including antenatal care, intrapartum care and postnatal care. The 58 service items embraced core components of caring task in the Chinese midwifery profession.ConclusionThis study outlines the first midwifery-led task list that defines clearly the Chinese midwives’ scope of practice. It will provide a foundational framework for future midwifery practice in China and abroad, and can be used to inform the design of midwifery-led task shifting interventions in various maternity settings.
From COVID-19 adversity comes opportunity: teaching an online integrative medicine course
Authors: Ben-Arye Eran , Keshet Yael , Schiff Ariel , Zollman Catherine , Portalupi Emanuela , Nave Rachel , Shaham Dorith , Samuels Noah , Schiff Elad 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundWe examine the impact of a 5-day online elective course in integrative medicine (IM) taking place during the COVID-19 pandemic, attended by 18 medical students from two faculties of medicine in Israel.MethodsThe course curriculum addressed effectiveness and safety of IM practices highlighting supportive and palliative care, demonstrated the work of integrative physicians (IPs) in designing patient-tailored treatments and taught practical skills in communication regarding IM. Group discussions were conducted via Zoom with 32 physicians, healthcare practitioners and IM practitioners working in integrative academic, community and hospital-based settings, in Israel, Italy, UK and Germany. An 18-item questionnaire examined student attitudes and perceived acquisition of skills for implementing what was learned in clinical practice. Student narratives were analysed using ATLAS.Ti software for systematic coding, identifying barriers and advantages of the online learning methodology.ResultsStudents reported a better understanding of the benefits of IM for specific outcomes (p=0.012) and of potential risks associated with these therapies (p=0.048). They also perceived the acquisition of skills related to the IM-focused history (p=0.006), learnt to identify effectiveness and safety of IM treatments (p=0.001), and internalised the referral to IPs for consultation (p=0.001). Student narratives included reflections on the tools provided during the course for assessing effectiveness and safety, enhancing communication with patients, enriching their patient-centred perspective, raising awareness of available therapeutic options, and personal and professional growth.ConclusionsOnline clinical electives in IM are feasible and can significantly increase students’ awareness and modify attitudes towards acquirement of patient-centred perspectives.
Sodium+/taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide as target therapy for liver fibrosis
Authors: Salhab Ahmad , Amer Johnny , Lu Yinying , Safadi Rifaat 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveSodium+/ taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) is a membrane transporter affecting the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids (BAs). We aimed to evaluate NTCP’s roles in humans and animal models of liver fibrosis (LF).DesignPrimary hepatic stellate cells (pHSCs) isolated from livers biopsies of patients with LF with different fibrosis grading were stained for NTCP. NTCP gene silencing, taurocholic acid (TCA), obeticholic acid (OCA), epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and HA-100 dihydrochloride (HA-100) were used as tools to modulate NTCP expression on human HSC line (LX2). BA trafficking/uptake were assessed extracellularly (LX2 culture medium) and intracellularly following treatment with/without NTCP neutralizing antibody. LF models of C57/BL6 mice of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and leptin-deficient (Ob/Ob) fed with high-fat diet (Ob/ObHFD) were evaluated for pHSCs-NTCP expressions, metabolic and LF profiles following intraperitoneal injections of NTCP neutralizing antibody.ResultspHSCs from F3/F4-scored patients of LF exhibit threefold increased NTCP expressions compared with F0-scored patients (p<0.0001). Sorted-activated HSCs (LX2αSMA+) showed high expressions of NTCP and high TCA uptake in vitro and triggered a further increase in their activations. This phenomenon was inhibited with NTCP small interfering RNA and the NTCP neutralizing antibody. Sorted LX2NTCP+(high alpha smooth muscle actin (αSMA)/high NTCP) cells showed high phosphorylated pathways of AKT/mTOR and protein kinase C (PKC) accompanied with a decrease in farnesoid X receptor expression. Moreover, LX2NTCP+cells treated with EGCG, OCA and PKC inhibitor HA-100 significantly decreased NTCP and αSMA. NTCP neutralizing antibody inhibited NTCP (less TCA uptake); it attenuated LF in both CCl4andOb/ObHFDanimal models with ameliorated metabolic profile.ConclusionNTCP expression is linearly correlated with fibrosis severity. Modulated BA trafficking could be an important step in LF pathogenesis. Antagonising BA uptake may suggest a therapeutic strategy for preventing disease progression.