bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perspective Chapter: Fallout from the Pandemic – A Social and Psychological Description of COVID-19 Related Traumatic Sequelae
Authors: Collins Aishling , O’Driscoll Eleanor , Lyons Declan 
Published: December 2021

Pandemics are not new phenomena in human history but in a globalised and interconnected planet the differential impact upon each generation may be distinctive. The concept of trauma has been widely discussed over the last 18 months with emphasis on a collective stress and distress but also in respect of those who are vulnerable to psychological adversity because of established prior mental health diagnoses. Much debate has centred on the impact of the pandemic on mental illness, both new and established, and this chapter will examine the utility of interpreting the psychological outcome at individual and societal level through the lens of collective trauma. At risk populations, such as healthcare workers and those recovering from infection will be a special focus of this chapter.
Hackathons and Libraries
Authors: Longmeier Meris Mandernach 
Published: December 2021

Libraries foster a thriving campus culture and function as “third space,” not directly tied to a discipline.[i] Libraries support both formal and informal learning, have multipurpose spaces, and serve as a connection point for their communities. For these reasons, they are an ideal location for events, such as hackathons, that align with library priorities of outreach, data and information literacy, and engagement focused on social good. Hackathon planners could find likely partners in either academic or public libraries as their physical spaces accommodate public outreach events and many are already providing similar services, such as makerspaces. Libraries can act solely as a host for events or they can embed in the planning process by building community partnerships, developing themes for the event, or harnessing the expertise already present in the library staff. This article, focusing on years from 2014 to 2020, will highlight the history and evolution of hackathons in libraries as outreach events and as a focus for using library materials, data, workflows, and content.
[i] James K. Elmborg, “Libraries as the Spaces Between Us: Recognizing and Valuing the Third Space,” Reference and User Services Quarterly 50, no. 4 (2011): 338–50.
Phenotypic differentiation of the slow worm lizards (Squamata:Anguis) across their contact zone in Central Europe
Authors: Benkovský Norbert , Moravec Jiří , Gvoždíková Javůrková Veronika , Šifrová Helena , Gvoždík Václav , Jandzik David 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundThe application of molecular-phylogenetic approaches to taxonomy has had a dramatic effect on our understanding of the diversity of reptiles. These approaches have allowed researchers to reveal previously hidden lineages as well as taxonomic overestimation in morphologically plastic taxa. Slow worms, legless lizards of the genusAnguis(Squamata: Anguidae), were previously considered to comprise either one or two species, and morphology-based intraspecific taxonomy ofAnguis fragilisremained controversial throughout the 20th century. After the discovery of deep genetic divergences within the genus, its taxonomy was reconsidered, and as a result, five extant species have been recognized. In order to better understand the patterns of their interspecific differentiation, here we studied phenotypic differences between the two most widespread of them—A. fragilisandA. colchica, and their putative hybrids across the contact zone of both species in Central Europe.MethodsWe used multivariate and univariate statistics and analyzed ten metric, eleven meristic, and six categorical phenotypic variables in material comprising a total of 326 individuals. We also genotyped individuals from the contact zone for one mitochondrial and two nuclear DNA fragments in order to delineate the distribution of individuals of hybrid and non-hybrid origin. The clines in morphological traits were studied using HZAR.ResultsWe show that the two species are morphologically differentiated.Anguis fragilishas a less robust head, fewer scales covering the body, lower frequency of the external ear opening presence, lower frequency of separated prefrontal scales, higher frequency of prefrontal scales in contact with each other, and body coloration more similar to the juvenile coloration thanA. colchica.Slow worms from the contact/hybrid zone are characterized by an intermediate morphology, with more similarities toA. fragilisthan toA. colchica.DiscussionNone of the analyzed characters alone proved to be fully diagnostic, although more than 90% of all individuals could be successfully assigned to one or another species based on numbers of scales around the body. Our results indicate concordant, coincident, and steep clines in character states change. We present several hypotheses on the origin and evolutionary maintenance of the morphological divergence between both species and suggest that different evolutionary histories of the taxa rather than recently acting selection explain the observed morphological variation.
Rise, and pronounced regional variation, in methylphenidate, amphetamine, and lisdexamfetamine distribution in the United States
Authors: Vaddadi Sneha M. , Czelatka Nicholas J. , Gutierrez Belsy D. , Maddineni Bhumika C. , McCall Kenneth L. , Piper Brian J. 
Published: December 2021

Background
The prescription stimulants methylphenidate, amphetamine, and lisdexamfetamine are sympathomimetic drugs with therapeutic use. They are designated in the United States as Schedule II substances, defined by the 1970 Controlled Substances Act as having a “high potential for abuse”. Changing criteria for the diagnosis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in 2013 and the approval of lisdexamfetamine for binge eating disorder in 2015 may have impacted usage patterns. This report compared the pharmacoepidemiology of these stimulants in the United States from 2010–2017.

Methods
Distribution of amphetamine, methylphenidate, lisdexamfetamine were examined via weights extracted from the Drug Enforcement Administration’s (DEA) Automated Reports and Consolidated Ordering System (ARCOS). Median stimulant Daily Dosage per patient was determined for a regional analysis. The percent of cost and prescriptions attributable to each stimulant and atomoxetine in Medicaid from the “Drug Utilization 2018 - National Total” from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid was determined.

Results
There was a rise in amphetamine (+67.5%) and lisdexamfetamine (+76.7%) from 2010–2017. The change in methylphenidate (−3.0%) was modest. Persons/day stimulant usage was lower in the West than in other US regions from 2014-2017. There was a negative correlation (r(48) = −0.43 to −0.65, p < .05) between the percent Hispanic population per state and the Daily Dosage/population per stimulant. Methylphenidate formulations accounted for over half (51.7%) of the $3.8 billion reimbursed by Medicaid and the plurality (45.4%) of the 22.0 million prescriptions. Amphetamine was responsible for less than one-fifth (18.4%) of cost but one-third of prescriptions (33.6%). Lisdexamfetamine’s cost (26.0%) exceeded prescriptions (16.3%).

Conclusion
The rising amphetamine and lisdexamfetamine distribution may correspond with a rise in adult ADHD diagnoses. Regional analysis indicates that stimulant distribution in the West may be distinct from that in other regions. The lower stimulant distribution in areas with greater Hispanic populations may warrant further study.
Anniversary Meeting
Authors: - - 
Published: December 2021

Following the death of the King of Saxony, Sir Henry C Rawlinson was elected as an Honorary Fellow. The Secretary then reported back on the Society's request to government that historically significant monuments be protected or preserved as much as possible in Scotland. The reply received from the Marquess of Breadalbane confirmed that the Engineer Department of the Ordnance Survey of Scotland would try to do so and asked that Fellows of the Society assist the government's engineers as much as possible.
The President then commemorated the Fellows who died in the preceding year, highlighting Dr William Henry Scott, who worked with the Society's coin collections and died aged 24.

Meeting notes for December 10, 1855 are appended.
An Obituary and Calendar of Scottish Saints, extracted from The Martyrology for the use of the Church of Aberdeen, A Ms. of the Sixteenth Century
Authors: Laing David 
Published: December 2021

The author presents the untranslated contents of an early sixteenth century vellum manuscript. When a chapel was endowed by a patron, the chapel was required to sing mass for their benefactors and this manuscript contains a list of these obituaries, most likely from Moray. There is also a list of Scottish and Irish Saints.

Meeting notes for June 9, 1856 are appended. At this meeting a letter regarding the preservation of a Pictish symbol stone at Keillor.
Notes of excavations of Tumuli in Caithness, made in the Summer of 1856
Authors: Rhind Alexander Henry 
Published: December 2021

Alexander Henry Rhind discusses four barrows that he excavated along the banks of the River Wick on the Sibster estate. He comments on the importance of relying on empirical evidence rather than local folklore or arguments that rely on assumptions about past geographical conditions.
Meeting notes for March 9, 1857 are appended. The Secretary John Stuart reported back on the letter that the Society sent to the Lord Clerk-Register about Protocol Books. He agreed to the importance of these records but would not request that these books be sent to the General Register House. However, in his reply the Lord Clerk-Register agreed that he would accept donations of Protocol Books if the Fellows of the Society could convince collectors to send them to the General Register House.
Examining the effects of negative emotion and interviewing procedure on eyewitness recall
Authors: Snow Mark D. , Eastwood Joseph 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWitnessing or experiencing a crime can be emotionally distressing and this emotional reaction can affect the formation and retrieval of event‐related memory. Extant eyewitness research, however, has generated inconsistent conclusions regarding the effects of emotional arousal on eyewitness memory. In the planned study, we will use a mock witness paradigm to attempt to remedy several methodological limitations that have persisted in the literature and shed light on the effects of emotional memory within an investigative interviewing context. Participants will view either a negative or neutral video and either immediately or 1 week later provide their account of the video in a virtual interview procedure, consisting of either cognitive interview‐based instructions or a free recall. We will test the main effects of emotional arousal, interview procedure, and delay as well as their interactions. The present research will help clarify the nature of emotional memory in forensic contexts.
Methylammonium Bromide Assisted Crystallization for Enhanced Lead‐Free Double Perovskite Photovoltaic Performance
Authors: Wu Hua , Wang Yunfei , Liu Aijie , Wang Junxin , Kim Byeong Jo , Liu Yawen , Fang Yuan , Zhang Xiaoliang , Boschloo Gerrit , Johansson Erik M. J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCs2AgBiBr6, has recently gained wide attention as a possible alternative to lead‐halide perovskites, considering the nontoxicity and improved stability. However, this double perovskite suffers from defects, especially deep electron traps, severely hampering the photovoltaic performance. This work reports a simple method to control the double perovskite crystallization by adding volatile salts into the precursor solution. X‐ray diffraction patterns reveal that the organic cation with suitable radius (such as methylammonium, MA+) is introduced into the perovskite lattice, forming an organic/inorganic mixed double perovskite intermediate phase. The organic salt is thereafter fully evaporated during high temperature annealing, and the all‐inorganic double perovskite is obtained with dense surface and less pin‐holes. From optical and electrical characterization, it is concluded that the Cs2AgBiBr6 film exhibits high quality, with higher light absorptance and emission. Reduced trap density and longer carrier lifetime are also observed. The improved Cs2AgBiBr6 film is beneficial for efficient carrier collection with suppressed defect‐assisted recombination. With this strategy, a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 2.53% is achieved for the champion Cs2AgBiBr6‐based solar cell device, which is significantly higher compared to the control device with 1.43% PCE. This work is therefore helpful for further improvement of inorganic lead‐free perovskite materials for optoelectronic applications.
A Standalone, Battery‐Free Light Dosimeter for Ultraviolet to Infrared Light
Authors: Van der Heggen David , Zilenaite Rugile , Ezerskyte Egle , Fritz Verena , Korthout Katleen , Vandenberghe Dimitri , De Grave Johan , Garrevoet Jan , Vincze Laszlo , Poelman Dirk , Joos Jonas J. , Smet Philippe F. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLight sensors are widely used to monitor light intensities, for instance in medical applications, in agriculture or for conservation of art. Most of these sensors are electronic devices that record continuously but applications that only require information of integrated intensities, measured over a long time, could greatly benefit from an integrating dosimeter that does not require a power supply. In this work a wireless and quantitative light dosimeter is presented based on SrAl2O4:Eu2+,Sm3+, a phosphor that exhibits stable energy storage upon exposure to blue and ultraviolet light. It is shown that a forward electron transfer from europium to samarium can be induced under illumination with blue or ultraviolet light while the reverse electron transfer can be achieved by illuminating the phosphors with green to infrared light. This reverse transfer is accomplished through excitation of the divalent samarium and results in bright, green optically stimulated luminescence. The stable energy storage, in combination with the possibility for optical read‐out, makes SrAl2O4:Eu2+,Sm3+ ideally suited to be used as an integrating light dosimeter for monochromatic to broadband light, from the ultraviolet to the near infrared. To demonstrate this, a proof of concept dosimeter was developed in which this phosphor was successfully used to measure average daylight intensities.
Highly Bright AIE Nanoparticles by Regulating the Substituent of Rhodanine for Precise Early Detection of Atherosclerosis and Drug Screening
Authors: Wang Kai , Gao Heqi , Zhang Yuwen , Yan Hongyu , Si Jianghua , Mi Xingyan , Xia Shuang , Feng Xuequan , Liu Dingbin , Kong Deling , Wang Ting , Ding Dan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFluorescent probes capable of precise detection of atherosclerosis (AS) at an early stage and fast assessment of anti‐AS drugs in animal level are particularly valuable. Herein, a highly bright aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) nanoprobe is introduced by regulating the substituent of rhodanine for early detection of atherosclerotic plaque and screening of anti‐AS drugs in a precise, sensitive, and rapid manner. With dicyanomethylene‐substituted rhodanine as the electron‐withdrawing unit, the AIE luminogen named TPE‐T‐RCN shows the highest molar extinction coefficient, the largest photoluminescence quantum yield, and the most redshifted absorption/emission spectra simultaneously as compared to the control compounds. The nanoprobes are obtained with an amphiphilic copolymer as the matrix encapsulating TPE‐T‐RCN molecules, which are further surface functionalized with anti‐CD47 antibody for specifically binding to CD47 overexpressed in AS plaques. Such nanoprobes allow efficient recognition of AS plaques at different stages in apolipoprotein E‐deficient (apoE−/−) mice, especially for the recognition of early‐stage AS plaques prior to micro‐computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These features impel to apply the nanoprobes in monitoring the therapeutic effects of anti‐AS drugs, providing a powerful tool for anti‐AS drug screening. Their potential use in targeted imaging of human carotid plaque is further demonstrated.
Hydrophobin‐Coated Solid Fluorinated Nanoparticles for 19F‐MRI
Authors: Ayaz Nazeeha , Dichiarante Valentina , Pigliacelli Claudia , Repossi Jacopo , Gazzera Lara , Boreggio Marta , Maiolo Daniele , Chirizzi Cristina , Bergamaschi Greta , Chaabane Linda , Fasoli Elisa , Metrangolo Pierangelo , Baldelli Bombelli Francesca 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn recent years, fluorine‐magnetic resonance imaging (19F‐MRI) has emerged as a promising diagnostic technique, complementary to traditional proton magnetic resonance imaging (1H‐MRI) and easily translatable for clinical use, providing in‐depth in vivo quantification without the use of radioactive agents. This creates a need for the development of appropriate delivery systems for highly omniphobic fluorinated probes. The use of the film‐forming protein hydrophobin (HFBII) represents a sustainable and simple method to invert the philicity of fluorinated surfaces. Here, the ability of HFBII to form a rigid protein monolayer on superfluorinated coatings rendering them hydrophilic is shown, a property that is also retained in biological environment. This approach is then translated to directly disperse a solid superfluorinated 19F‐MRI probe, PERFECTA, in aqueous solution through the formation of core‐shell hydrophobin stabilized PERFECTA nanoparticles (NPs). The obtained NPs are fully characterized in terms of morphology, magnetic properties, colloidal stability, protein corona formation, cellular viability, and imaging performance.
Lightweight Low‐Noise Linear Isolator Integrating Phase‐ and Amplitude‐Engineered Temporal Loops
Authors: Taravati Sajjad , Eleftheriades George V. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe quest for efficient and versatile microwave and optical isolators has recently led to spawn space–time‐modulated isolator structures. However, such space‐time isolators suffer from a large profile and complex architecture that is required for a progressive nonreciprocal space–time coupling. To overcome these limitations, here a nonmagnetic phase‐engineered temporal loop‐based isolator featuring large isolation levels, suppressed undesired time harmonics while exhibiting a low profile is proposed. The proposed isolator is composed of two temporal loops that provide desired constructive and destructive interferences of different time harmonics. Furthermore, these two loops are designed in a way to assure that the circulation and reflection of different time harmonics strengthen a unidirectional signal transmission with low insertion loss. An experimental demonstration of the proposed time‐modulated isolator is provided at microwave frequencies, featuring strong unidirectional wave transmission through the isolator with more than 27 dB contrast between the forward and backward waves, across a fractional bandwidth of 14.3%. The proposed technique outperforms alternative approaches, that is, space–time modulation, ferrite magnets, nonlinearity, and HBT/CMOS transistors. It features a highly linear response with OP1dB of higher than 31 dBm, high power rating of more than 47 dBm, and a low noise figure of 3.4 dB.
Visible‐Light‐Assisted Synthesis of Allylic Triflamides via Dual Acridinium/Co Catalysis
Authors: Battaglioli Simone , Bertuzzi Giulio , Pedrazzani Riccardo , Benetti Jessica , Valenti Giovanni , Montalti Marco , Monari Magda , Bandini Marco 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA dehydrogenative functionalization of styryl carbon‐carbon double bonds with triflamide is described via dual visible‐light photoredox/cobaloxime catalysis. A range of allylic triflamides (20 examples) were isolated in moderate to good yields (up to 88%) under stoichiometric acceptorless conditions. Dedicated labelling, as well as spectroscopic experiments, enabled to shed light on the concatenated photo‐ and chemo‐catalytic cycles.magnified image
A Near‐Infrared Absorbing and Emissive Quadruple Helicene Enabled by the Scholl Reaction of Perylene
Authors: Pun Sai Ho , Cheung Ka Man , Yang Daiyue , Chen Han , Wang Yujing , Kershaw Stephen V. , Miao Qian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHerein, we report the synthesis, structural analysis, optical and chiroptical properties of a novel quadruple helicene, which has two [6] and two [7]helicene moieties fused in a contorted framework of 92 sp2carbon atoms. It was synthesized by the Scholl reaction of a perylene‐containing substrate with the formation of eight carbon‐carbon bonds on the perylene unit in a single synthetic operation. Chemical oxidation of the quadruple helicene with tris(4‐bromophenyl)ammoniumyl hexachloroantimonate resulted in an air‐stable dication, which exhibits the same helicity in its four helicene moieties as unambiguously identified by single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography. The quadruple helicene exhibits unusual near‐infrared absorption and emission with absorption and emission maxima at 848 nm and 977 nm, respectively, and its isolated enantiomers exhibit electronic circular dichroism in the near‐infrared and visible‐light regions.
Modification of Multi‐Component Building Blocks for Assembling Giant Chiral Lanthanide‐Titanium Molecular Rings
Authors: Du Ming‐Hao , Xu Su‐Hui , Li Guan‐Jun , Xu Han , Lin Yang , Liu Wei‐Dong , Long La‐Sheng , Zheng Lan‐Sun , Kong Xiang‐Jian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBuilding blocks with multiple components are promising for the synthesis of complex molecular assemblies, but are rarely available. Herein, we report a modification procedure for a multi‐component building block [Ln3Ti(HSA)6(SA)4(H2O)]−({Ln3Ti‐SA}, H2SA=salicylic acid, Ln=Eu/Gd) to form new building blocks {Ln3Tix‐MSA} (H2MSA=5‐methoxysalicylic acid,x=1, 2, 3) by constructing [Ti(MSA)3]2−units. The obtained {Ln3Tix‐MSA} can further assemble into a chiralLn22Ti14ring with the formulae [Eu22Ti14(MSA)48(HMSA)22(CH3COO)4(H2O)10(iPrOH)] and [Gd22Ti14(MSA)46(HMSA)26(CH3COO)4(H2O)8]. Parallel experiments without Ti4+result in linear Ln chains. Detailed analysis shows that the [Ti(MSA)4]4−unit makes the originally variable Ln chains become available building blocks and the modified [Ti(MSA)3]2−further triggers interesting chiral‐sorting behavior. Finally, the electronic adsorption and magneto‐optic responses of these molecular rings are investigated.