bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parent and teacher educational expectations and adolescents' academic performance: Mechanisms of influence
Authors: Benner Aprile D. , Fernandez Celeste C. , Hou Yang , Gonzalez Chelsea Smith 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe current study investigated how parents' and teachers' educational expectations both directly and indirectly shaped young people's academic outcomes in a nationally‐representative sample of high school students (Education Longitudinal Study;N = 9654 adolescents). Higher parent and math teacher expectations in 10th grade were associated with better 12th grade math scores and higher grade point averages, math course‐taking sequence, and educational attainment two years post‐high school. High parent expectations generally magnified the particularly strong positive effects of high math teacher expectations, and there was some evidence of variation in links between adult expectations and outcomes by both student race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status. Parents' educational involvement at school, teacher‐student relationships, and school‐parent communication mediated the links between adult educational expectations and academic outcomes.
Associations between emotional responses to the Trump presidency and activism among underrepresented college students
Authors: Albright Jamie N. , Hurd Noelle M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn the current study, we explored emotions related to the Trump presidency and their associations with types of activism among a sample of underrepresented college students. Participants in the current study included 303 underrepresented college students. We conducted structural equation modeling to assess associations between negatively valenced emotions in reaction to the Trump presidency and specific types of activism. Three categories of activism emerged: resource mobilization, collective action, and higher‐accessibility activism. We found that anger was most consistently associated with participation in various types of activism. Fear was positively associated with participation in collective action, but only among those who felt personally affected by the Trump presidency. Among those who did not feel personally affected by the Trump presidency, sadness was associated with less frequent participation in higher‐accessibility activism. Findings lend support to the notion that distinct emotional responses are associated with different types of political engagement.
Investigation of the psychiatric factors that determine the fear of COVID‐19 in healthcare workers and hospital staff in a university hospital in Turkey
Authors: Karadem Fevziye B. , Demirdaş Arif , Işık Ümit , Kılıç Faruk 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTo examine the association of health and hospital workers' fears of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) with anxiety, anxiety sensitivity, depression, and sociodemographic variables during the COVID‐19 pandemic. A total of 527 participants (237 men/289 women) were included, 222 of the participants were doctors, 99 nurses, 22 assistant health personnel, and 182 hospital personnel without health education. Participants filled in the sociodemographic data form, Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Anxiety Sensitivity Index‐3, and Fear of COVID‐19 Inventory. In linear regression analysis, independent predictors of the fear of COVID‐19 were determined as Beck Anxiety Inventory (p < 0.001), Beck Depression Inventory (p = 0.001), and Anxiety Sensitivity Index‐3 Physical subscale (p = 0.001). The fear of COVID‐19 is associated with the physical subscale of anxiety, depression, and anxiety sensitivity.
The I COPPE Scale Short Form for measuring multidimensional well‐being: Construct validity and reliability from US, Argentinian, and Italian large samples
Authors: Esposito Ciro , Di Napoli Immacolata , Di Martino Salvatore , Prilleltensky Isaac , Arcidiacono Caterina 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study is to present a short form of the I COPPE scale of multidimensional well‐being. We conducted two studies, which include four samples collected across three countries, namely United States, Argentina, and Italy. In the pilot study we tested during the data analysis phase whether it was feasible to reduce the full I COPPE scale by omitting the items dealing with past well‐being. Prompted by the positive results of the pilot study, we launched a final validation study with a sample of 2682 Italian people who completed the I COPPE scale short form, which is designed without items referring to past well‐being. Results from a series of confirmatory factor analyses show that the I COPPE scale short form presents acceptable levels of construct validity and reliability. Moreover, the 7‐factor correlated‐trait model proved to be the best fit for the data. We discuss advantaged of using the I COPPE scale short form along with limitations and future recommendations.
Trends in coverage and reimbursement for reproductive genetic counseling in New Jersey by multiple payers from 2010 to 2018
Authors: Spinosi Francesca , Khan Shama , Seymour Christine , Ashkinadze Elena 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLack of consistent insurance coverage for genetic counseling services billed under Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code 96040 creates a barrier for access to this service. This retrospective study examined coverage and reimbursement for reproductive genetic counseling encounters billed under CPT code 96040 as a professional fee over an eight‐year period at Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, a regional perinatal center in New Jersey, a state requiring licensure. Descriptive statistics were tabulated to assess the disparity between Medicare/Medicaid, Managed Care Medicaid, and commercial insurance payers, including how often encounters were covered and if reimbursed, at what percentage of the amount billed. A comparison of individual plan types (Health Maintenance Organization, Point of Service, and Preferred Provider Organization) was carried out. Overall trends in reimbursement were assessed across payers. The study found 61% of 60‐min encounters billed to Medicare/Medicaid, Managed Care Medicaid, and commercial insurance payers received coverage. Of all covered 60‐min encounters billed to Managed Care Medicaid and commercial insurance payers, an average of 36% of the amount billed was reimbursed. Medicare/Medicaid encounters were never reimbursed. Commercial insurance covered 65% of encounters billed but this varied between payers. Across all payers, an overall downward trend of reimbursement was demonstrated over the eight‐year period. Lack of consistent service coverage creates a barrier and patients cannot universally access genetic counseling services. Steps to improve coverage need to include passing of legislation, notably the next bill to replace the former H.R. 3235, ‘Access to Genetic Counselor Services Act of 2019’ and provisions within third‐party payers that allow for credentialing of genetic counseling providers.
Polygenic risk in familial breast cancer: Changing the dynamics of communicating genetic risk
Authors: Gregory Gillian , Das Gupta Kuheli , Meiser Bettina , Barlow‐Stewart Kristine , Geelan‐Small Peter , Kaur Rajneesh , Scheepers‐Joynt Maatje , McInerny Simone , Taylor Shelby , Antill Yoland , Salmon Lucinda , Smyth Courtney , Young Mary‐Anne , James Paul A , Yanes Tatiane 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHereditary breast cancer is associated with known genetic changes: either variants that affect function in a few rare genes or an ever‐increasing number of common genomic risk variants, which combine to produce a cumulative effect, known as a polygenic risk (PR) score. While the clinical validity and utility of PR scores are still being determined, the communication of PR is a new challenge for genetic health professionals. This study investigated how PR scores are discussed in the familial cancer clinic compared with a previous study assessing the communication of monogenic risk (MR) for breast cancer. Sixty‐five PR consultations between genetic health professionals and women at familial risk of breast cancer were audiotaped, transcribed, and coded using a methodology adapted from the MR study. Analysis of consultations shows that while there were similarities in communicating MR and PR, the complexity and novelty of the polygenic information influenced the style of counseling used by genetic health professionals toward a teaching model of genetic counseling, rather than a patient‐centered approach. In particular, compared to MR consultations, in PR consultations significantly fewer counselees (a) were asked about their reasons for attending genetic counseling; or (b) had their information preferences, decision‐making style, medical knowledge, understanding, or concerns checked. In conclusion, it is anticipated that PR scores will become part of standard clinical practice. Thus, it will be important for all genetic health professionals to be appropriately educated so that they can tailor their communication to meet patient needs.
Utility of Quantitative T2‐Mapping Compared to Conventional and Advanced Diffusion Weighted Imaging Techniques for Multiparametric Prostate MRI in Men with Hip Prosthesis
Authors: Sathiadoss Paul , Schieda Nicola , Haroon Mohammad , Osman Heba , Alrasheed Sumaya , Flood Trevor A. , Melkus Gerd 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundDiffusion weighted imaging (DWI) is fundamental for prostate cancer (PCa) detection with MRI; however, limited by susceptibility artifact from hip prosthesis.PurposeTo evaluate image quality and ability to detect PCa with quantitative T2‐mapping and DWI in men with hip prosthesis undergoing prostate MRI.Study TypeProspective, cross‐sectional study.PopulationThirty consecutive men with hip replacement (18 unilateral, 12 bilateral) undergoing prostate MRI from 2019 to 2021.Field Strength/Sequence3‐T; multiparametric MRI (T2W, DCE‐MRI, echo‐planar [EPI]‐DWI), T2‐mapping (Carr‐Purcell‐Meiboom‐Gill), FOCUS‐EPI‐DWI, PROPELLER‐DWI.AssessmentFive blinded radiologists independently evaluated MRI image quality using a 5‐point Likert scale. PI‐RADS v2.1 scores were applied in four interpretation strategies: 1) T2W‐FSE+DCE‐MRI+EPI‐DWI, 2) T2W‐FSE+DCE‐MRI+EPI‐DWI+FOCUS‐EPI‐DWI, 3) T2W‐FSE+DCE‐MRI+EPI‐DWI+PROPELLER‐DWI, 4) T2W‐FSE+DCE‐MRI+EPI‐DWI+T2‐maps. Five‐point confidence scores were recorded.Statistical AnalysisANOVA, Kruskal–Wallis with pair‐wise comparisons by Wilcoxon sign‐rank, and paired t‐tests, P < 0.05 was considered significant. Cohen's Kappa (k) for PI‐RADSv2.1 scoring and proportion of correctly classified lesions tabulated for pathology‐confirmed cases with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsFor all radiologists, T2‐map image quality was significantly higher than EPI‐DWI, FOCUS‐EPI‐DWI, and PROPELLER‐DWI and similar (P = 0.146–0.706) or significantly better (for two readers) than T2W‐FSE and DCE‐MRI.PI‐RADS v2.1 agreement improved comparing strategy A (k = 0.46) to strategy B (k = 0.58) to strategy C (k = 0.58) and was highest with strategy D which included T2‐maps (k = 1.00). Radiologists' confidence was significantly highest with strategy D. Strategies B and C had similar confidence (P = 0.051–0.063) both significantly outperforming strategy A.Twelve men with 17 lesions had pathology confirmed diagnoses (13 PCa, 4 benign). Strategy D had the highest proportion of correctly classified lesions (76.5–82.4%) with overlapping 95% confidence intervals.Data ConclusionT2‐mapping may be a valuable adjunct to prostate MRI in men with hip replacement resulting in improved image quality, higher reader confidence, interobserver agreement, and accuracy in PI‐RADS scoring.Level of Evidence1Technical Efficacy Stage2
Evaluation of ethnic influence in the application of a hepatocellular carcinoma predictive model for chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Wei Mike T. , Le Michael H. , Landis Charles , Trinh Huy , Wong Grace , Le An , Zhang Jian , Cheung Ramsey , Nguyen Mindie H. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCurrently, there is no well‐established algorithm predicting hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development in untreated hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients. We aimed to validate an algorithm (risk evaluation of viral load elevation and associated liver disease/HCV [REVEAL‐HCV]: age, AST, ALT, HCV RNA, HCV genotype, and cirrhosis) developed in Taiwanese patients. We analyzed 1381 (50.1% White, 14.7% Hispanic, 13.8% Asian of diverse origin, and 7.8% African American) adult treatment‐naïve HCV patients (no viral co‐infection, no HCC within 6 months) at 4 U.S. and one Hong Kong centers (11/1994–10/2017). Compared to the non‐Asian cohort, the Asian cohort had a higher percentage of patients in the low‐risk group (46.1% vs. 26.1%) and a lower percentage in the high‐risk group (12.0% vs. 20.3%, p < 0.01). Overall, 5‐year HCC incidence were 1.75%, 4.71%, and 24.4% for low, medium, and high‐risk patients, respectively (p < 0.0001). For the overall cohort, area under receiving operating characteristic curve (AUROC) for HCC prediction were 0.83 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.72–0.93), 0.82 (95% CI: 0.75–0.88), and 0.84 (95% CI: 0.77–0.89) for 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year HCC risk, respectively. There was a slightly lower AUROC for Asians compared to the non‐Asian cohort at 3 years (0.75 vs. 0.83) and 5 years (0.78 vs. 0.84), though this was not statistically significant. In multivariable analysis, we found male sex, presence of metabolic syndrome as well as the risk score categories to be independently associated with HCC but not ethnicity. The REVEAL‐HCV risk score has good validity for both Asian and non‐Asian populations. Further studies should consider additional factors, such as sex, metabolic syndrome, and treatment status.
Impact of postoperative complications on long‐term survival after esophagectomy in older adults: A SEER‐Medicare analysis
Authors: Sesti Joanna , Almaz Biruk , Bell Jaimie , Nguyen Andrew , Bamboat Zubin , Lackey Adam , Langan Russell C. , Turner Amber L. , Hilden Patrick , Paul Subroto 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundEsophagectomy is a complex procedure associated with a high rate of postoperative complications. It is not clear whether postoperative complications effect long‐term survival. Most studies report the results from single institutions.MethodsWe examined the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER)‐Medicare database to assess whether long‐term overall and cancer‐specific mortality of patients undergoing esophagectomy for cancer is impacted by postoperative complications.ResultsNine hundred and forty patients underwent esophagectomy from 2007 to 2014, of which 50 died, resulting in a cohort of 890 patients. Majority were males (n = 764, 85.8%) with adenocarcinoma of the lower esophagus. Almost 60% of the group had no neoadjuvant therapy. Four hundred and fifty‐five patients had no major complications (51.1%), while 285 (32.0%) and 150 (16.9%) patients had one, two, or more major complications, respectively. Overall survival at 90 days was 93.1%. Multivariate analysis of patients followed up for a minimum of 90 days demonstrated that the number of complications was significantly associated with decreased overall survival but no impact on cancer‐specific survival.ConclusionsOur population‐based analysis with its inherent limitations suggests that patients undergoing esophagectomy who experience complications have worse overall survival but not cancer‐specific survival if they survive at least 90 days from the date of surgery.
Electromagnetic dispersive solid‐phase extraction based on polyaniline‐coated magnetite/silica materials for the determination of Sudan red I in drinks
Authors: Sun Youqing , Guo Yugao , Ren Jianpo , Ji Lieyi , Zhang Qingyin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBy replacing the permanent magnet with an electromagnet, traditional magnetic solid‐phase extraction was developed into electromagnetic dispersive solid‐phase extraction. A simple operation of power on and off can realize the separation of adsorbents from solutions easily. The improvement makes it possible for the automation of the determination of Sudan Red I by high‐performance liquid chromatography. After series of optimization, a trace amount of Sudan red I was well‐determined, and excellent linearity was achieved in the range of 0.005 to 1 mg/L with the correlation coefficient (R2) = 0.997. The limit of detection with a signal‐to‐noise ratio of 3 was found to be 0.001 mg/L. The spiked recoveries of Sudan red I for the samples ranged from 93.6 to 104.9%. Moreover, the adsorbent could be recycled at least ten times. The results show that the electromagnetic dispersive solid‐phase extraction combined with high‐performance liquid chromatography is a rapid, eco‐friendly, effective, and sensitive determination method with fascinating automation potential and high practical applicability.
Evaluation of Ascending Aortic Longitudinal Strain Via Two‐Dimensional Speckle Tracking Echocardiography in Hypertensive Patients Complicated by Type A Aortic Dissection
Authors: Wu Juan , Pei Yongkai , Wang Yanli , Ji Jiamei , Gong Min , Gu Wenhui , Wu Haibo , Jiang Yanru , Wu Jun 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveTo explore the value of ascending aortic longitudinal strain (LS) in identification of hypertensive (HP) patients with a high risk of type A aortic dissection (AAD).MethodsTotal 40 primary HP patients with AAD (group C), 80 selected age‐ and sex‐matched primary HP patients (group A, normal‐sized ascending aorta (AA), n = 40; group B, dilated AA, n = 40) and 40 healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study. Brachial blood pressures were measured, and the aortic stiffness index (β) determined by M‐mode analysis was calculated as a conventional parameter of arterial stiffness. The LS of the anterior and posterior ascending aortic wall (AW‐LS and PW‐LS) were determined.ResultsCompared to the control group (34.21 ± 5.25%), the mean LS of AA in HP patients (group A 28.6 ± 5.95%; group B 23.64 ± 4.98%; group C 17.93 ± 3.96%; P < .001) were significantly reduced. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the mean LS (OR 0.719, 95% CI 0.615–0.839, P < .001) and pulse pressure (PP) (OR 1.055, 95% CI 1.006–1.106, P = .028) were identified as independent predictors of AAD in HP patients. The AUC of mean LS combined with PP reached 0.926 (sensitivity, 95.0%; specificity, 82.5%), which was higher than the mean LS, PP, stiffness index, and ascending aortic diameter (AAd) separately. Besides, the AW‐LS and PW‐LS were negatively correlated with the AAd, stiffness index, stroke volume, systolic blood pressure, and PP, respectively (P < .001).ConclusionThe LS of AA evaluated by two‐dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography decreased significantly along with the expansion of aortic lumen and the occurrence of AAD in HP patients. It is also an independent predictor of AAD in HP patients.
How the Reactive End Group of Macro‐RAFT Agent Affects RAFT‐Mediated Emulsion Polymerization‐Induced Self‐Assembly
Authors: Cao Junpeng , Tan Yingxin , Chen Ying , Zhang Li , Tan Jianbo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPolymerization‐induced self‐assembly via reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT)‐mediated emulsion polymerization is an emerging method in which macro‐RAFT agents are chain extended with hydrophobic monomers in water to form block copolymer nano‐objects. However, almost all RAFT‐mediated emulsion polymerizations are limited to AB diblock copolymers by using monofunctional macro‐RAFT agents with non‐reactive end groups. In this study, the first investigation on how the reactive end group of macro‐RAFT agent affects RAFT‐mediated emulsion polymerization is reported. Three macro‐RAFT agents with different end groups are synthesized and employed in RAFT‐mediated emulsion polymerization. Effects of end groups on morphologies of block copolymer nano‐objects and polymerization process are studied. Block copolymer nano‐objects prepared by using an asymmetric difunctional macro‐RAFT agent can be functionalized by further chain extension on the surface. It is expected that the current study will not only expand the scope of RAFT‐mediated emulsion polymerization, but also provide a novel strategy to prepare functional polymer nanoparticles.
AAPM Task Group 241: A medical physicist’s guide to MRI‐guided focused ultrasound body systems
Authors: Payne Allison , Chopra Rajiv , Ellens Nicholas , Chen Lili , Ghanouni Pejman , Sammet Steffen , Diederich Chris , ter Haar Gail , Parker Dennis , Moonen Chrit , Stafford Jason , Moros Eduardo , Schlesinger David , Benedict Stanley , Wear Keith , Partanen Ari , Farahani Keyvan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMagnetic resonance‐guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) is a completely non‐invasive technology that has been approved by FDA to treat several diseases. This report, prepared by the American Association of Physicist in Medicine (AAPM) Task Group 241, provides background on MRgFUS technology with a focus on clinical body MRgFUS systems. The report addresses the issues of interest to the medical physics community, specific to the body MRgFUS system configuration, and provides recommendations on how to successfully implement and maintain a clinical MRgFUS program. The following sections describe the key features of typical MRgFUS systems and clinical workflow and provide key points and best practices for the medical physicist. Commonly used terms, metrics and physics are defined and sources of uncertainty that affect MRgFUS procedures are described. Finally, safety and quality assurance procedures are explained, the recommended role of the medical physicist in MRgFUS procedures is described, and regulatory requirements for planning clinical trials are detailed. Although this report is limited in scope to clinical body MRgFUS systems that are approved or currently undergoing clinical trials in the United States, much of the material presented is also applicable to systems designed for other applications.
Local and parallel finite element methods based on two‐grid discretizations for unsteady convection–diffusion problem
Authors: Li Qingtao , Du Guangzhi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this article, some local and parallel finite element methods are proposed and investigated for the time‐dependent convection–diffusion problem. With backward Euler scheme for the temporal discretization, the basic idea of the present methods is that for a solution to the considered equations, low frequency components can be approximated well by a relatively coarse grid and high frequency components can be computed on a fine grid by some local and parallel procedure at each time step. The partition of unity is used to collect the local high frequency components to assemble a global continuous approximation. Theoretical results are obtained and numerical tests are reported to support the theoretical findings.