bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hepatitis B Virus Reactivation in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Patients Treated With Imatinib
Authors: Lei Tianxiang , Tan Fengbo , Hou Zhouhua , Liu Peng , Zhao Xianhui , Liu Heli 
Published: January 2021

PurposeHepatitis B virus reactivation (HBVr) in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) have not been sufficiently characterized. This study aimed to review the possible mechanism of HBVr induced by imatinib and explore appropriate measures for patient management and monitoring.MethodsThe clinical data of GIST patients who experienced HBVr due to treatment with imatinib at Xiangya Hospital (Changsha, Hunan, China) were retrospectively analyzed. A literature review was also conducted.ResultsFive cases were analyzed, including 3 cases in this study. The average age of the patients was 61.8 y, with male preponderance (4 of 5 vs. 1 of 5). These patients received imatinib as adjuvant treatment (n=4) or as neoadjuvant treatment (n=1). Primary tumors were mostly located in the stomach (n=4) or rectum (n=1). High (n=3) or intermediate (n=1) recurrence risk was categorized using the postoperative pathological results (n=4). Imatinib was then started at 400 (n=4) or 200 mg (n=1) daily. Patients first reported abnormal liver function during the 2th (n=1),6th (n=3), or 10th (n=1) month of treatment with imatinib. Some patients (n=4) discontinued imatinib following HBVr; notably, 1 month after discontinuation, 1 patient experienced HBVr. Antivirals (entecavir n=4, tenofovir n=1), artificial extracorporeal liver support (n=1), and liver transplant (n=1) were effective approaches to treating HBVr. Most patients (n=3) showed favorable progress, 1 patient underwent treatment, and 1 patient died due to severe liver failure induced by HBVr.ConclusionsAlthough HBVr is a rare complication (6.12%), HBV screening should be conducted before starting treatment with imatinib in GIST patients. Prophylactic therapy for hepatitis B surface antigen positive patients, prompt antiviral treatment and cessation of imatinib are also necessary.
High-CPAP Does Not Impede Cardiovascular Changes at Birth in Preterm Sheep
Authors: Martherus Tessa , Crossley Kelly J. , Rodgers Karyn A. , Dekker Janneke , Demel Anja , Moxham Alison M. , Zahra Valerie A. , Polglase Graeme R. , Roberts Calum T. , te Pas Arjan B. , Hooper Stuart B. 
Published: January 2021

Objective: Continuous positive airway pressures (CPAP) used to assist preterm infants at birth are limited to 4–8 cmH2O due to concerns that high-CPAP may cause pulmonary overexpansion and adversely affect the cardiovascular system. We investigated the effects of high-CPAP on pulmonary (PBF) and cerebral (CBF) blood flows and jugular vein pressure (JVP) after birth in preterm lambs.Methods: Preterm lambs instrumented with flow probes and catheters were delivered at 133/146 days gestation. Lambs received low-CPAP (LCPAP: 5 cmH2O), high-CPAP (HCPAP: 15 cmH2O) or dynamic HCPAP (15 decreasing to 8 cmH2O at ~2 cmH2O/min) for up to 30 min after birth.Results: Mean PBF was lower in the LCPAP [median (Q1–Q3); 202 (48–277) mL/min, p = 0.002] compared to HCPAP [315 (221–365) mL/min] and dynamic HCPAP [327 (269–376) mL/min] lambs. CBF was similar in LCPAP [65 (37–78) mL/min], HCPAP [73 (41–106) mL/min], and dynamic HCPAP [66 (52–81) mL/min, p = 0.174] lambs. JVP was similar at CPAPs of 5 [8.0 (5.1–12.4) mmHg], 8 [9.4 (5.3–13.4) mmHg], and 15 cmH2O [8.6 (6.9–10.5) mmHg, p = 0.909]. Heart rate was lower in the LCPAP [134 (101–174) bpm; p = 0.028] compared to the HCPAP [173 (139–205)] and dynamic HCPAP [188 (161–207) bpm] groups. Ventilation or additional caffeine was required in 5/6 LCPAP, 1/6 HCPAP, and 5/7 dynamic HCPAP lambs (p = 0.082), whereas 3/6 LCPAP, but no HCPAP lambs required intubation (p = 0.041), and 1/6 LCPAP, but no HCPAP lambs developed a pneumothorax (p = 0.632).Conclusion: High-CPAP did not impede the increase in PBF at birth and supported preterm lambs without affecting CBF and JVP.
Development of Psychological Problems Among Adolescents During School Closures Because of the COVID-19 Lockdown Phase in Italy: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Esposito Susanna , Giannitto Nino , Squarcia Antonella , Neglia Cosimo , Argentiero Alberto , Minichetti Paola , Cotugno Nicola , Principi Nicola 
Published: January 2021

Background: Previous studies have shown that during COVID-19 pandemic, mainly due to the imposed lockdown, significant psychological problems had emerged in a significant part of the population, including older children and adolescents. School closure, leading to significant social isolation, was considered one of the most important reasons for pediatric mental health problems. However, how knowledge of COVID-19 related problems, modification of lifestyle and age, gender and severity of COVID-19 pandemic had influenced psychological problems of older children and adolescents has not been detailed. To evaluate these variables, a survey was carried out in Italy.Methods: This cross-sectional survey was carried out by means of an anonymous online questionnaire administered to 2,996 students of secondary and high schools living in Italian Regions with different COVID-19 epidemiology.Results: A total of 2,064 adolescent students (62.8% females; mean age, 15.4 ± 2.1 years), completed and returned the questionnaire. Most of enrolled students showed good knowledge of COVID-19-related problems. School closure was associated with significant modifications of lifestyle and the development of substantial psychological problems in all the study groups, including students living in Regions with lower COVID-19 incidence. However, in some cases, some differences, were evidenced. Sadness was significantly more frequent in females (84%) than males (68.2%; p &lt; 0.001) and in the 14–19-year-old age group than the 11–13-year-old age group (79.2% vs. 70.2%; p &lt; 0.001). Missing the school community was a significantly more common cause of sadness in girls (26.5% vs. 16.8%; p &lt; 0.001), in southern Italy (26.45% vs. 20.2%; p &lt; 0.01) and in the 14–19-year-old group (24.2% vs. 14.7%; p &lt; 0.001). The multivariate regression analysis showed that male gender was a protective factor against negative feelings (p &lt; 0.01), leading to a decrease of 0.63 points in the total negative feelings index. Having a family member or an acquaintance with COVID-19 increased the negative feelings index by 0.1 points (p &lt; 0.05).Conclusions: This study shows that school closures because of the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak was associated with significant lifestyle changes in all the students, regardless of age and gender. Despite some differences in some subgroups, the study confirms that school closure can cause relevant mental health problems in older children and adolescents. This must be considered as a reason for the maintenance of all school activities, although in full compliance with the measures to contain the spread of the pandemic.
Chinese Herbal Medicine for Psoriasis: Evidence From 11 High-Quality Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Luo Yue , Chen Jiale , Kuai Le , Zhang Ying , Ding Xiaojie , Luo Ying , Ru Yi , Xing Meng , Li Hongjin , Sun Xiaoying , Li Bin , Li Xin 
Published: January 2021

Background: Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) provides a theoretical basis for the treatment of psoriasis with considerable benefits and a low toxicity. The purpose of this quantitative study was to show high-quality evidence of the efficacy and safety of CHM for the treatment of psoriasis to promote its clinical application.Methods: Several databases were systematically searched including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, China Network Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Scientific Journals Database, and Wan Fang Database. High-quality randomized controlled trials that compared CHM with non-CHM interventions were included. The RevMan5.3 software was used to calculate risk ratios (RR) at 95% confidence intervals (CI) and conduct the meta-analysis.Results: Altogether, 1,215 patients participated in this study, including 711 in the experimental group and 504 in the control group. The psoriasis area severity index (PASI) score of the CHM group was significantly lower than that of the placebo group (MD, −4.02; 95% CI, −6.71 to −1.34; p = 0.003). To achieve PASI-60 and PASI-75, the arrival rate of the CHM group was higher than that of the placebo group (PASI-60: RR, 3.52; 95% CI, 1.17 to 10.61; p = 0.03; PASI-75: RR, 9.87; 95% CI, 3.11 to 31.31; p = 0.0001). Furthermore, the efficacy rate was higher in patients receiving CHM than in those receiving placebo (RR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.01 to 2.93; p = 0.04). The results suggested a greater impact of CHM in improving the dermatology life quality index (DLQI) of patients (MD, −2.12; 95% CI, −3.75 to −0.49; p = 0.01). Regarding pruritus severity, there was no significant difference between the two groups (MD, −1.90; 95% CI, −3.79 to −0.01; p = 0.05). The meta-analysis revealed that the recurrence rate (RR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.32 to 1.71; p = 0.48) and proportion of adverse events (RR, 1.36; 95% CI, 0.95 to 1.93; p = 0.09) associated with using CHM were similar to those associated with using a placebo.Conclusion: CHM appears safe and effective in the treatment of psoriasis and has a great positive impact on the DQLI of patients; however, CHM could not completely eliminate skin lesions, improve pruritus severity, and reduce the recurrence rate.
A Antecipação da Tutela Baseada no Abuso do Direito de Defesa: A Contribuição de Calmon de Passos
Authors: Dotti Rogéria Fagundes 
Published: January 2021

O presente artigo procura relembrar lições do professor J.J. Calmon de Passos em relação à tutela provisória baseada no abuso do direito de defesa. Ele aborda a tutela da evidência no sistema anterior e no Código de Processo Civil de 2015. Analisa ainda a efetividade do processo mediante a antecipação.
Acute Visual Loss as a First Sign of Hyperhomocysteinaemia
Authors: Kolea Aggeliki , Baltatzidis Aggelos , Margaritis Vasileios , Almoghrabi Belal , Kaldi Irini , Polychronakos Alexandros 
Published: January 2021

A 38-year-old man presented with an acute right homonymous visual field defect due to occipital lobe infarct caused by hyperhomocysteinaemia. Visual field testing, magnetic resonance imaging, laboratory studies, and genetic analysis were carried out. On magnetic resonance imaging, a left occipital lesion with bright signal on the diffusion-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images suggested a diagnosis of an acute infarct. Blood tests revealed raised homocysteine of 52.08 μmol/L (reference range, <15 μmol/L) and genetic analysis showed the patient to be homozygote to 5, 10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency. Hyperhomocysteinaemia is a rare causes of acute visual loss due to cerebral ischaemia and should always be suspected and investigated with the appropriate tests to diagnose the condition and limit further vision deterioration.
Purtscher’s Retinopathy Associated with Tortuous Internal Carotid Artery
Authors: Park Soo , Lim Lik Thai , Fetherston Timothy 
Published: January 2021

This report is of a 71-year-old woman with unilateral non-traumatic left Purtscher’s retinopathy following shoulder exercises. She developed blurred vision in the left eye a few hours after the exercises. The only clinical findings of note were an ipsilateral tortuous internal carotid artery and multiple cotton wool spots around the left macula region consistent with Purtscher’s retinopathy. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report illustrating internal carotid artery tortuosity as an underlying rare cause of Purtscher’s retinopathy.
Effect of Varying Duration of Ocular Compression on Raised Intraocular Pressure following Fractionated Peribulbar Anaesthesia for Cataract Surgery
Authors: Venkatakrishnan Jaichandran , Vijaya Lingam , George Ronnie J. , Maruthamuthu Thennarasu 
Published: January 2021

Aim: To evaluate the effect of fractionated peribulbar anaesthesia and varying digital ocular compression time on intraocular pressure.Methods: Forty non-glaucomatous patients aged 40 years and older planned for cataract surgery were randomly divided into 2 groups based on the duration for which the globe was compressed digitally following each injection. Patients with a history of glaucoma or those who had had previous ocular surgery were excluded. Group 1 underwent 1 minute of compression and group 2 underwent 2 minutes of compression. Local anaesthetic (2% lidocaine 5 mL, 0.5% bupivacaine 5 mL, and hyaluronidase 25 IU/mL) was injected into the inferotemporal and superomedial quadrants. Intraocular pressure was measured (3 readings with <5% SD) before peribulbar block, after inferotemporal injection, following digital compression, after superomedial injection, following digital compression again, and at 1-minute intervals without compression until the globe attained normotension.Results: The mean (SD) intraocular pressure in group 1 was significantly elevated compared with the baseline mean intraocular pressure of 19.21 mm Hg (SD, 2.82 mm Hg) throughout the procedure (p < 0.0001). In group 2, the mean intraocular pressure was not significantly elevated from the baseline mean intraocular pressure of 19.13 mm Hg (SD, 3.27 mm Hg) following compression after each injection.Conclusions: Intraocular pressure rises significantly following each 5 mL of local anaesthetic injected into the peribulbar space at both the inferotemporal and superomedial sites. Digital ocular compression given for 2 minutes after each injection makes the globe normotensive.
Multifocal Electroretinogram in Hydroxychloroquine-related Macular Toxicity
Authors: Sen Parveen , Ravi Priya , Roy Rupak 
Published: January 2021

Prolonged use of hydroxychloroquine is common in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Retinal toxicity due to hydroxychloroquine is known, and is monitored by investigations such as visual acuity, Amsler chart, colour vision, automated perimetry, full-field electroretinogram, and electrooculogram. Multifocal electroretinogram can suggest macular toxicity due to hydroxychloroquine even when the other investigations have normal results. Hence, multifocal electroretinogram has a role in the screening and follow-up of patients with suspected hydroxychloroquine toxicity.
Awareness and attitude of spectacle wearers to alternatives to corrective eyeglasses
Authors: Ayanniyi Abdulkabir Ayansiji , Olatunji Fatai Olasunkanmi , Hassan Ramatu Yahaya , Adekoya Bola Josephine , Monsudi Kehinde Fasasi , Jamda Abubakar Mustapha 
Published: January 2021

Aim: It has been observed that potential beneficiaries rarely request for alternatives to corrective eyeglasses in our setting. The objective of this study was to determine awareness and attitude towards alternatives to spectacle correction, specifically; contact lens and refractive eye surgery among spectacle wearers in a resource-limited setting.Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 214 spectacle wearers in seven Nigerian hospitals using semi-structured questionnaire. Information sought included demographic characteristics, awareness, and attitudes to contact lens and refractive eye surgery as well as reasons for the poor interest in alternatives to eyeglasses.Results: There were 93 males and 121 females, with a mean age of 40.2 years (SD 15.8.). Most, 198 (92.6%) had at least secondary education. Ninety-eight (45.8%) and 113 (52.8%) patients were aware of the options of contact lens and refractive eye surgery respectively, but 171 (80%) were averse to wearing contact lenses or having refractive eye surgery. Reasons given included lack of information, high cost, and possible complications that may arise. Higher education was significantly associated with participants’ awareness of alternatives to eyeglasses (contact lens [P = 0.016], refractive eye surgery [P=0.009]) but not with willingness to use contact lens (P = 0.96) or refractive eye surgery (P = 0.425).Conclusion: There was relatively high awareness but low willingness to use alternatives to corrective eyeglasses among users. Education on alternatives to corrective eyeglasses, allaying fears on their complications, and making them more affordable could enhance awareness and create a more positive attitude towards them.
Embolization of dural carotid cavernous fistula via the superior ophthalmic vein approach: a case report
Authors: Lim Nigel CS , Lin Hazel Anne , Tang Kok Kee , Ong Cheng Kang , Sundar Gangadhara 
Published: January 2021

In this case report, we present a patient with Type B dural carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF), who had failed cannulation via the transfemoral route and subsequently underwent CCF occlusion via the anterior orbital approach through the superior ophthalmic vein (SOV). Successful occlusion of CCF was achieved, with excellent visual and cosmetic outcomes postoperatively. When all venous routes have been exhausted, the SOV approach is an excellent and viable alternative in the treatment of dural CCFs. Close cooperation between the orbital and neuro-interventional teams in a hybrid operating theatre setting is essential in ensuring success of the operation.
Comparison of accuracy of Partial Coherence Interferometry based Zeiss IOL Master 500 and Immersion Ultrasound [Ocuscan RXP] for intraocular lens power calculation
Authors: Pai Vijaya , Shastri Divya , Kamath Asha 
Published: January 2021

Aim: To compare accuracy of intraocular lens power (IOL) calculation using Partial coherence Interferometry based Carl Zeiss IOL master 500 and Immersion ultrasound (Alcon Ocuscan RXP). Methods: A prospective randomized study of patients who underwent clear corneal phacoemulsification with foldable (IOL) by a single surgeon, during the period September 2010 to 2012. Group A included those patients in whom IOL power calculation using Immersion ultrasound (Ocuscan RXP) was used. Group B included those patients in whom IOL power calculation using Partial coherence Interferometry based Zeiss IOL master was used. SRK T formula was used to calculate the IOL power in both the groups. Postoperative final refraction was done at 6 weeks. Unaided visual acuity and best corrected visual acuity was assessed. Postoperative refractive error was compared with predicted refractive error with each biometry method. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 16.5. Continuous variables expressed as mean (standard deviation). P < 0.05 was considered significant.Results: There were 50 patients in Group A, 44 patients in Group B. Axial length of the patients varied from 22-26mm in both the groups. The postoperative refraction using Ocuscan, 88% had refractive error ≤± 0.5 D, 94% had ≤±1.00D, and 100% had ≤±2.0D of emmetropia. Using Zeiss IOL Master 72.7% had ≤± 0.5 D, 100% had ≤±1.00D of refractive error. Difference in absolute postoperative refractive error using Ocuscan vs. IOL Master was not statistically significant. Conclusion: In our study both ultrasound Ocuscan and IOL master were accurate in calculating intraocular lens power and achieving postoperative refraction closer to emmetropia.
Posterior segment involvelent in remote lightning strike
Authors: Singh Atul Kumar 
Published: January 2021

Some form of ophthalmic injury is seen in the majority of lightening victims. These may be anterior segment involvement, mostly the cornea. Other lesion on the anterior segment include uveitis, hyphaema, cataract and dislocated lens. Posterior segment lesion include vitreous haemorrhage, retinal oedema, retinal haemorrhage, retinal detachment, cystoids macular oedema, chorioretinalrupture, maculopathy, CRVO and CRAO. Neuro-ophthalmic lesion include loss of pupillaryreflex, anisocoria, horner syndrome, multiple cranial nerve palsies and nystagmus.
Chronic pseudophakic aqueous misdirection
Authors: Kaleem Mona A. , Eisengart Jonathan , Oberfeld Sheldon 
Published: January 2021

A 61 year old female with no prior ocular history developed progressive anterior chamber shallowing following uncomplicated phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation. This shallowing rapidly accelerated after Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy, and led to a significant myopic shift. Ultrasound biomicroscopy imaging demonstrated anterior displacement of the irido-lenticular diaphragm and anterior rotation of ciliary processes confirming a diagnosis of aqueous misdirection. One year after Nd:YAG anterior hyaloidotomy and medical therapy, her anterior chamber deepened and myopic shift resolved. This case demonstrates the successful management of chronic pseudophakic aqueous misdirection without the need for surgical intervention.
Five year refractive outcome of LASIK for myopia and myopic astigmatism in Vietnam
Authors: Pham Thanh Ngoc Dan 
Published: January 2021

Purpose: To assess the long-term refractive outcome of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for myopia and myopic astigmatismDesign: An observational, single center, multisurgeon case seriesMethods: This study was a follow up study of 128 patients contacted to return for repeat investigation post refractive surgery. It included 245 eyes of 128 patients who underwent LASIK for myopia or myopic astigmatism at the Ho Chi Minh City Eye Hospital, Vietnam in 2008. Surgical parameters as well as patient data at presentation, three months and five years after surgery were analyzed. The main outcome was spherical equivalent (SE) within ± 0.5D at 5 years. Results: At the fifth year follow up, 80% of eyes were within ± 0.5D and 98% of eyes were within ± 1.0D of emmetropia. No eyes underwent laser enhancement prior to the last visit although the retreatment criteria was met in 45 eyes (18.4%). The mean SE decreased from 0.16 ± 0.33 at 3 months to -0.07 ± 0.50 at 5 years for the whole cohort. Patients with severe myopia were most susceptible to myopic regression and had a less predictable refractive outcome. The overall UCVA of 20/20 or better and of 20/40 or better were obtained in 68.2% and 95.1% of eyes. Fourteen eyes (5.7%) improved 1 line of BCVA. Forty two eyes (17.1%) lost 2 lines of BCVA which were unrelated to laser complications.Conclusion: Although there was myopic regression over time, LASIK provided excellent 5 year refractive outcome for myopia and myopic astigmatism. Almost 20% of patients meet criteria for retreatment but do not seek a retreatment in this Vietnamese population.
Functional Outcome in Primary Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction after Successful External Dacryocystorhinostomy Surgery
Authors: Rizvi Syed Ali Raza , Saquib Mohammad , Gupta Yogesh , Maheshwari Rakesh , Maheshwari Puneet 
Published: January 2021

Aim: To assess the functional outcomes of external dacryocystorhinostomy(DCR) surgery in symptomatic patient with primary nasolacrimal duct obstruction .Settings and Design: Prospective, clinical interventional studyMethods: This study was conducted in 50 consecutive (50 eyes) patients of Primary Acquired Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction admitted in a tertiary eye care centre. Functional outcome comprises of symptom improvement which include absence of epiphora, improvement in vision, routine work, occupational work, mood, embarrassment. Assessment was done by pre and post-operative questionnaires at 2 ,6 and 12 months postoperatively.. Anatomic success was assessed by Lacrimal syringing , Fluorescein dye disappearance test(FDDT) and endoscopic view of osteotomy. Statistical significance between preoperative and postoperative symptoms (Functional outcome assessment) was analysed using McNemars testResults: Postoperatively, marked improvement in subjective symptoms i.e. difficulty in vision (93.5%), routine work (95.6%),occupational work (95.8%),mood(95%) and embarrassment (94%) was seen with anatomic success of 96%.Conclusions: In PANDO population, symptoms bother patient significantly. However, successful DCR surgery has a beneficial effect on the patient physical and social health thus changing the quality of life of patients markedly.