bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi-trophic markers illuminate the understanding of the functioning of a remote, low coral cover Marquesan coral reef food web
Authors: Fey Pauline , Parravicini Valeriano , Bănaru Daniela , Dierking Jan , Galzin René , Lebreton Benoit , Meziane Tarik , Polunin Nicholas V. C. , Zubia Mayalen , Letourneur Yves 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe studied the food web structure and functioning of a coral reef ecosystem in the Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia, characterized by low coral cover, high sea surface temperature and meso- to eutrophic waters. The Marquesas constitute a relevant ecosystem to understand the functioning of low diversity reefs that are also subject to global change. A multi-tracer assessment of organic matter pathways was run to delineate ecosystem functioning, using analysis of fatty acids, bulk and compound specific stable isotope analysis and stable isotopes mixing models. Macroalgae and phytoplankton were the two major food sources fueling this food web with, however, some marked seasonal variations. Specifically, zooplankton relied on phytoplankton-derived organic matter and herbivorous fishes on macroalgae-derived organic matter to a much higher extent in summer than in winter (~ 75%vs. ~ 15%, and ~ 70 to 75%vs. ~ 5 to 15%, respectively) . Despite remarkably high δ15N values for all trophic compartments, likely due to local dynamics in the nitrogen stock, trophic levels of consumers were similar to those of other coral reef ecosystems. These findings shed light on the functioning of low coral cover systems, which are expected to expand worldwide under global change.
A novel social distance model reveals the sidewall effect at bottlenecks
Authors: Si Xinyu , Fang Lei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntermittent and periodic outbreaks of infectious diseases have had profound and lasting effects on societies throughout human history. During the global spread of SARS-CoV-2 and the resulting coronavirus disease (COVID-19), social distance has been imposed worldwide to limit the spread of the virus. An additional deliberate intention of keeping a minimum safety distance from neighbors can fundamentally alter the “social force” between individuals. Here, we introduce a new “social distance” term inspired by gas molecular dynamics and integrate it into an existing agent-based social force model to describe the dynamics of crowds under social-distanced conditions. The advantage of this “social distance” term over the simple increasing of the repulsive range of other alternatives is that the fundamental crowd properties are precisely described by our model parameters. We compare the new model with the Helbing and Molnar’s classical model and experimental data, and show that this new model is superior in reproducing experimental data. We demonstrate the usability of this model with a bottleneck motion base case. The new model shows that the bottleneck effect can be significantly alleviated through small wall modifications. Lastly, we explain the mechanism of this improvement and conclude that this improvement is due to spatial asymmetry.
Evaluation of the antibacterial effects and mechanism of Plantaricin 149 from Lactobacillus plantarum NRIC 149 on the peri-implantitis pathogens
Authors: Lin Xiaolong , Xu Jiajia , Shi Zhiwei , Xu Yuedan , Fu Tao , Zhang Ling , He Fuming 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPeri-implantitis is a common reversible disease after tooth implantation, caused by a variety of pathogenic microorganisms. Based on non-surgical or surgical treatment principles, supplementation by local or systemic drugs might enhance treatment efficacy.Porphyromonas gingivalis(Pg) (ATCC 33,277) andPrevotella intermedius(Pi) (ATCC 25,611) were used as test strains. The effects of Pln 149 on the biofilm formation and growth of four periodontal pathogens were evaluated by RT-PCR, fluorescence microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The antibacterial mechanism was tested by the patch-clamp technique. The cytotoxicity of Pln 149 (125 µg/ml) to bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC) was assessed using an MTT assay. Pln 149 exhibited significant inhibitory effects on Pg and Pi (P < 0.05), with significant differences in the biofilm images of fluorescence microscope and scanning electron microscope (P < 0.05). Pln 149 could change the sodium channel currents and exerted no cytotoxicity on bone marrow stromal cell. Pln 149 could inhibit the biofilm formation and growth of periodontal pathogens. Considering the absence of antimicrobial resistance and cytotoxicity, we suggest that the Pln 149 fromLactobacillus plantarum149 might be a promising option for managing peri-implantitis.
Origin and significance of two pairs of head tentacles in the radiation of euthyneuran sea slugs and land snails
Authors: Brenzinger Bastian , Schrödl Michael , Kano Yasunori 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe gastropod infraclass Euthyneura comprises at least 30,000 species of snails and slugs, including nudibranch sea slugs, sea hares and garden snails, that flourish in various environments on earth. A unique morphological feature of Euthyneura is the presence of two pairs of sensory head tentacles with different shapes and functions: the anterior labial tentacles and the posterior rhinophores or eyestalks. Here we combine molecular phylogenetic and microanatomical evidence that suggests the two pairs of head tentacles have originated by splitting of the original single tentacle pair (with two parallel nerve cords in each tentacle) as seen in many other gastropods. Minute deep-sea snails of Tjaernoeia and Parvaplustrum, which in our phylogeny belonged to the euthyneurans’ sister group (new infraclass Mesoneura), have tentacles that are split along much of their lengths but associated nerves and epidermal sense organs are not as specialized as in Euthyneura. We suggest that further elaboration of cephalic sense organs in Euthyneura closely coincided with their ecological radiation and drastic modification of body plans. The monotypic family Parvaplustridae nov., superfamily Tjaernoeioidea nov. (Tjaernoeiidae + Parvaplustridae), and new major clade Tetratentaculata nov. (Mesoneura nov. + Euthyneura) are also proposed based on their phylogenetic relationships and shared morphological traits.
Multi-omics approaches explain the growth-promoting effect of the apocarotenoid growth regulator zaxinone in rice
Authors: Wang Jian You , Alseekh Saleh , Xiao Tingting , Ablazov Abdugaffor , Perez de Souza Leonardo , Fiorilli Valentina , Anggarani Marita , Lin Pei-Yu , Votta Cristina , Novero Mara , Jamil Muhammad , Lanfranco Luisa , Hsing Yue-Ie C. , Blilou Ikram , Fernie Alisdair R. , Al-Babili Salim 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe apocarotenoid zaxinone promotes growth and suppresses strigolactone biosynthesis in rice. To shed light on the mechanisms underlying its growth-promoting effect, we employed a combined omics approach integrating transcriptomics and metabolomics analysis of rice seedlings treated with zaxinone, and determined the resulting changes at the cellular and hormonal levels. Metabolites as well as transcripts analysis demonstrate that zaxinone application increased sugar content and triggered glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle and other sugar-related metabolic processes in rice roots. In addition, zaxinone treatment led to an increased root starch content and induced glycosylation of cytokinins. The transcriptomic, metabolic and hormonal changes were accompanied by striking alterations of roots at cellular level, which showed an increase in apex length, diameter, and the number of cells and cortex cell layers. Remarkably, zaxinone did not affect the metabolism of roots in a strigolactone deficient mutant, suggesting an essential role of strigolactone in the zaxinone growth-promoting activity. Taken together, our results unravel zaxinone as a global regulator of the transcriptome and metabolome, as well as of hormonal and cellular composition of rice roots. Moreover, they suggest that zaxinone promotes rice growth most likely by increasing sugar uptake and metabolism, and reinforce the potential of this compound in increasing rice performance.
Preparation of long single-strand DNA concatemers for high-level fluorescence in situ hybridization
Authors: Cao Dongjian , Wu Sa , Xi Caili , Li Dong , Zhu Kaiheng , Zhang Zhihong , Gong Hui , Luo Qingming , Yang Jie 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a powerful tool to visualize transcripts in fixed cells and tissues. Despite the recent advances in FISH detection methods, it remains challenging to achieve high-level FISH imaging with a simple workflow. Here, we introduce a method to prepare long single-strand DNA concatemers (lssDNAc) through a controllable rolling-circle amplification (CRCA). Prepared lssDNAcs are used to develop AmpFISH workflows. In addition, we present its applications in different scenarios. AmpFISH shows the following advantages: 1) enhanced FISH signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) up to 160-fold compared with single-molecule FISH; 2) simultaneous detection of FISH signals and fluorescent proteins or immunofluorescence (IF) in tissues; 3) simple workflows; and 4) cost-efficiency. In brief, AmpFISH provides convenient and versatile tools for sensitive RNA/DNA detection and to gain useful information on cellular molecules using simple workflows.
Crowded transport within networked representations of complex geometries
Authors: Wilson Daniel B. , Woodhouse Francis. G. , Simpson Matthew J. , Baker Ruth E. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTransport in crowded, complex environments occurs across many spatial scales. Geometric restrictions can hinder the motion of individuals and, combined with crowding, can have drastic effects on global transport phenomena. However, in general, the interplay between crowding and geometry in complex real-life environments is poorly understood. Existing analytical methodologies are not always readily extendable to heterogeneous environments and, in these situations, predictions of crowded transport behaviour rely on computationally intensive mesh-based approaches. Here, we take a different approach based on networked representations of complex environments in order to provide an efficient framework to explore the interactions between environments’ geometry and crowding. We demonstrate how this framework can be used to extract detailed information both at the level of the individual as well as of the whole population, identify the environments’ topological features that enable accurate prediction of transport phenomena, and provide insights into the design of optimal environments.
Neuartige Piperidin- und Dihydropyrrol-Alkaloide aus Lindenblüten (Tiliae flos) mit spasmogener Wirkung auf die Trachealmuskulatur der Maus
Authors: Symma Nico , Hake Alexander , Düfer Martina , Hensel Andreas 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungLindenblüten (Tiliae flos) werden aus den getrockneten Blütenständen von Tilia cordata (Winterlinde), T. platyphyllos (Sommerlinde) und deren Hybride T.×vulgaris (Holländische Linde) gewonnen. Traditionell werden Extrakte aus Lindenblüten gegen Symptome von Erkältungskrankheiten sowie bei mentalem Stress eingesetzt. Die Droge ist durch einen hohen Gerbstoffanteil, größere Mengen an Schleimstoffen sowie durch ein komplexes Flavonoidmuster gekennzeichnet. Im Rahmen weiterführender phytochemischer Untersuchungen wurden erstmalig bisher noch nicht beschriebene Alkaloide aus Lindenblüten isoliert und strukturell charakterisiert. Bei diesen bisher noch unbekannten Naturstoffen handelt es sich um zwei diastereomere Dihydropyrrolalkaloide (Tiliin A/B), zwei Piperidin-alkaloide (Tiliamin A/B) sowie zwei acetylierte Piperidinalkaloide (Tilacetin A/B). Die Alkaloide werden bevorzugt mit hydroalkoholischen Solventien extrahiert (Alkaloidgehalt ca. 2 mg/g Trockenextrakt), noch besser mit Aceton-Wasser-Gemisch (ca. 5 mg/g), finden sich aber auch in klassischen Teezubereitungen (Infus, 1,3 mg/g), was bei Zugrundelegung der empfohlenen Tagesdosis von Lindenblüten (3–6 g Droge) zu einer Alkaloidaufnahme von 1–2 mg pro Tag führt.Pharmakologische Untersuchungen an aus C57BL/6N-Mäusen präparierten Tracheen im Organbad zeigten, dass eine Alkaloid-angereicherte Fraktion die durch Acetylcholin ausgelöste Muskelkontraktionen steigerte (ca.+30%). Eine weiteraufgereinigte Alkaloid-Fraktion (0,1 mg/ml) zeigte vergleichbare Effekte, die sich mittels Atropin (1 µM) aufheben ließen und denen von Galantamin (0,5 µM) glichen. Diese Beobachtungen führten zur Schlussfolgerung, dass die Lindenalkaloide cholinerge Effekte über muskarinerge M3-Rezeptoren vermitteln. Im zellfreien Enzymassay konnten die Lindenalkaloide als Acetylcholinesterase-Inhibitoren charakterisiert werden. Die in der Originalpublikation beschriebenen Interaktionen der Lindenalkaloiden mit dem cholinergen System könnten neue Ansatzpunkte in der rationalen Phytotherapie darstellen.
Development of Video Education using Problem-Based Learning (PBL) to Support M-Learning on the Kinetic Gas
Authors: Raihanati  , Nasbey H 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The teaching materials in the form of video education using problem-based learning models (PBL) accessible via smartphones to support mobile learning (M-Learning) is developed. the kinetic theory of gases is chosen after analysing the needs of the students in the development of this teaching material. The Research and Development (R&D) and refers to the ADDIE development model (Analysis-Design-Development-Implementation-Evaluation) are used as the method of research. The learning videos that are applied in the smartphone apps conform to the stages of the problem-based learning model. The sequences are basic concept, problem definition, self-learning, knowledge exchange and evaluation. In the activities of the learning process, the steps carried out which are orienting problems, organizing students to learn, guiding individual / group experiences, develop and presenting work, analysing and evaluating problem-solving processes. The teaching material in the form of videos that has been developed is accessible via smart devices (smartphones) in the hope that they can be a source of learning in the process of mobile learning (M-Learning). The videos produced are validated by material experts, media experts and learning experts. The Materials Expert gave a score of 95.83 out of a maximum score of 100 with a very good interpretation. Media experts gave a score of 83.6 out of a maximum score of 100 with a very good interpretation. The learning expert gave a score of 89.4 out of a maximum score of 100 with very good interpretation. In addition to being validated, the resulting video was tested for the feasibility of its use by teachers and students. The teacher’s feasibility test scored 90.5 out of a maximum score of 100 with very good interpretation. The students gave a usability score of 87 out of a maximum score of 100 with very good interpretation. Based on the validation and feasibility tests, it can be said that the videos developed as learning material can be used for classroom learning.
Development of a temperature detector and room capacity system to mitigate the spread of COVID-19
Authors: Indrasari W , Firmansyah H , Subekti F , Rahadian N A , Lita T A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Several efforts to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 and use a minimum of three layers of masks, it is also necessary to apply physical distancing in all work activities both indoors and outdoors. This study describes one of the efforts that researchers can do to prevent the spread of COVID-19, namely, designing a room capacity detection system equipped with a temperature detector. The research method is an experiment focusing on a temperature detector and room capacity system design. This system uses ultrasonic sensor HCSR04, temperature sensor MLX90614, PIR sensor (Passive Infra-Red) HCSR501, and infrared barrier sensor based on Arduino UNO to measure temperature and count the number of visitors in a room. The system designed based on Arduino UNO has worked well, where the system can detect the body temperature of building visitors and detect the number of visitors entering and leaving the building. The test results show that the temperature measurement on the forehead has a higher accuracy with an error of 1.17%. The results of this study will be used to design automatic door designs to mitigate the spread of Covid-19 in offices.
Quantification of Pericardial and Epicardial Fat using ImageJ
Authors: Yasmin N Z , Tohir R S , Prajitno P , Soejoko D S 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Research towards finding new Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) predictors have developed in recent years. One potential CAD predictors are epicardial fat due to its location and function. Another adipose layer of interest is the pericardial fat that is the fat anterior to the epicardial fat. The single slice area method has been developed to estimate volume using a single slice area. In this preliminary study, the aim is to quantify epicardial and pericardial fat using ImageJ and to evaluate the relationship between the fat area and the volume measured. The relationship between the fat parameters, age and gender were evaluated. The samples were cardiac CT images of 50 patients who underwent non-contrast cardiac examination using a 64 CT scanner. ImageJ was used to quantify epicardial and the pericardial fat area and the volume was obtained by the sum of four slices multiplied by the slice thickness. The Pericardial fat area showed a high correlation with the pericardial fat volume (r=0.92, p<0.01) using the single slice area method. Epicardial fat area and volume showed a moderate significant relationship with age. Epicardial volume in female patients was significantly higher than in male patients. Quantification of epicardial and pericardial fat was highly reproducible using ImageJ.
Conformal bridge transformation and

PT

symmetry
Authors: Inzunza Luis , Plyushchay Mikhail S. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The conformal bridge transformation (CBT) is reviewed in the light of the

PT

symmetry. Originally, the CBT was presented as a non-unitary transformation (a complex canonical transformation in the classical case) that relates two different forms of dynamics in the sense of Dirac. Namely, it maps the asymptotically free form into the harmonically confined form of dynamics associated with the

s
o
(
2

1
)
≅
s
l
(
2

ℝ
)

conformal symmetry. However, as the transformation relates the non-Hermitian operator

i

D
^

, where

D
^

is the generator of dilations, with the compact Hermitian generator

J
^

0

of the

s
l
(
2

ℝ
)

algebra, the CBT generator can be associated with a

PT

-symmetric metric. In this work we review the applications of this transformation for one- and two-dimensional systems, as well as for systems on a cosmic string background, and for a conformally extended charged particle in the field of Dirac monopole. We also compare and unify the CBT with the Darboux transformation. The latter is used to construct

PT

-symmetric solutions of the equations of the KdV hierarchy with the properties of extreme waves. As a new result, by using a modified CBT we relate the one-dimensional

PT

-regularized asymptotically free conformal mechanics model with the

PT

-regularized version of the de Alfaro, Fubini and Furlan system.
Exactly solvable nonlinear eigenvalue problems
Authors: Wang Qing-hai 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The nonlinear eigenvalue problem of a class of second order semi-transcendental differential equations is studied. A nonlinear eigenvalue is defined as the initial condition which gives rise a separatrix solution. A semi-transcendental equation can be integrated once to a first order nonlinear equation, e.g., the Ricatti equation. It is shown that the nonlinear eigenvalue problems of these semi-transcendental equations are equivalent to linear eigenvalue problems. They share the exactly same eigenvalues. The eigensolutions in the two problems are closely related. The nonlinear eigenvalue problem equivalent to the (half) harmonic oscillator in quantum mechanics is solved exactly. This is the first solvable nonlinear eigenvalue problem. The nonlinear eigenvalue problems of some extended equations are also studied.
A study on vulnerable risks in security of cloud computing and proposal of its remedies
Authors: Saxena Rashi , Gayathri E. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Data innovation worldview empowers pervasive access to shared pools of configurable framework assets and more significant level administrations that can be quickly provisioned with minimal administration exertion, regularly over the Internet. Cloud computing provides dynamic asset administrations for the client on request, and it is becoming increasingly popular. Cloud administrations are conveyed from server farms all through the world (as it is otherwise called Networks of systems). Outsider associations are additionally present there, because of which some significant security dangers came and make organize helplessly so the security of cloud information is imperative to keep over Cloud architecture to offer better support, ease administrations, and so forth. Despite that there are a few undermined hazards in cloud computing security. We will be concentrating majorly on cloud computing fraught with threats and how to overcome those threats. This paper is intended to introduce information about the most current attacks on cloud computing, just as safety efforts. The seriousness and impact of these attacks are talked about alongside genuine instances of these attacks. The paper likewise proposes alleviation strategies that can be utilized to decrease or dispose of the risks of the threats talked about. Moreover, the general cloud security proposals are given.
Comparative Study on Soil Stabilization using Industrial by Products and Coconut Coir
Authors: Nitish S.S.S. , Sangita De , Ramya A.V.S.L , Sudheer Kumar G 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Waste disposal has become a serious concern in developing countries like India. The substitution of these waste materials in the form of stabilizing agents in soil stabilization is a modern approach by which waste materials can be advantageously used. In many instances, the soil has proven to be problematic for the construction of various infrastructures like embankments, pavements, foundations, hydraulic barriers, etc. In the present study, a particular type of soil is stabilized to improve the physical properties by using multiple admixtures. In general, additives such as lime, cement, sawdust, stone dust, and other compounds are used for the stabilization of soil over years. This study is conducted to evaluate the viability of using Coconut Coir Fibre (CC) along with stone dust (SD)/pond ash (PA) as a stabilization material. A comparative analysis on the effect of CC with SD as well CC with PA on engineering characteristics of silty soil is presented in the present study. A sequence of laboratory experiments was conducted on silty soil blended with Coconut Coir Fibre along with proportions of Stone Dust/Pond Ash from 0.5% to 1.5% and 30% as constant respectively by mass of dehydrated soil. The experimental outcomes shown a significant change in properties of soil, which conclude that the coconut coir along with stone dust as a very potential additive to improve the characteristics of silty soil compared to that of pond ash.