bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi‐institutional dose‐segmented dosiomic analysis for predicting radiation pneumonitis after lung stereotactic body radiation therapy
Authors: Adachi Takanori , Nakamura Mitsuhiro , Shintani Takashi , Mitsuyoshi Takamasa , Kakino Ryo , Ogata Takashi , Ono Tomohiro , Tanabe Hiroaki , Kokubo Masaki , Sakamoto Takashi , Matsuo Yukinori , Mizowaki Takashi 
Published: February 2021

PurposeTo predict radiation pneumonitis (RP) grade 2 or worse after lung stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) using dose‐based radiomic (dosiomic) features.MethodsThis multi‐institutional study included 247 early‐stage nonsmall cell lung cancer patients who underwent SBRT with a prescribed dose of 48–70 Gy at an isocenter between June 2009 and March 2016. Ten dose–volume indices (DVIs) were used, including the mean lung dose, internal target volume size, and percentage of entire lung excluding the internal target volume receiving greater than x Gy (x = 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40). A total of 6,808 dose‐segmented dosiomic features, such as shape, first order, and texture features, were extracted from the dose distribution. Patients were randomly partitioned into two groups: model training (70%) and test datasets (30%) over 100 times. Dosiomic features were converted to z‐scores (standardized values) with a mean of zero and a standard deviation (SD) of one to put different variables on the same scale. The feature dimension was reduced using the following methods: interfeature correlation based on Spearman’s correlation coefficients and feature importance based on a light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM) feature selection function. Three different models were developed using LightGBM as follows: (a) a model with ten DVIs (DVI model), (b) a model with the selected dosiomic features (dosiomic model), and (c) a model with ten DVIs and selected dosiomic features (hybrid model). Suitable hyperparameters were determined by searching the largest average area under the curve (AUC) value in the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC–AUC) via stratified fivefold cross‐validation. Each of the final three models with the closest the ROC–AUC value to the average ROC–AUC value was applied to the test datasets. The classification performance was evaluated by calculating the ROC–AUC, AUC in the precision–recall curve (PR–AUC), accuracy, precision, recall, and f1‐score. The entire process was repeated 100 times with randomization, and 100 individual models were developed for each of the three models. Then the mean value and SD for the 100 random iterations were calculated for each performance metric.ResultsThirty‐seven (15.0%) patients developed RP after SBRT. The ROC–AUC and PR–AUC values in the DVI, dosiomic, and hybrid models were 0.660 ± 0.054 and 0.272 ± 0.052, 0.837 ± 0.054 and 0.510 ± 0.115, and 0.846 ± 0.049 and 0.531 ± 0.116, respectively. For each performance metric, the dosiomic and hybrid models outperformed the DVI models (P < 0.05). Texture‐based dosiomic feature was confirmed as an effective indicator for predicting RP.ConclusionsOur dose‐segmented dosiomic approach improved the prediction of the incidence of RP after SBRT.
A fast contact detection method for ellipsoidal particles
Authors: Kheradmand Elham , Prudhomme Serge , Laforest Marc 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a fast and robust algorithm for contact detection between elliptical and ellipsoidal particles. The algorithm belongs to the class of geometrical potential methods, which consider the solution of two minimization problems in order to determine a contact point between the particles. The efficiency of the algorithm relies on several ingredients, namely, a transformation that maps the pair of ellipses (ellipsoids) into an ellipse (ellipsoid) centered at the origin and a unit circle (sphere), the construction of an effective initial guess to the solution of the minimization problem, the use of Newton's method for the root finding problem, and the introduction of an additional constraint to guarantee convergence to the desired root. The performance of the new algorithm is compared with that of existing contact detection algorithms on large sets of randomly generated pairs of particles. In particular, the results from several numerical examples show that the present algorithm is several times faster than the existing algorithms for comparable accuracy.
Improvement in 3D topology optimization with h‐adaptive refinement using the Cartesian grid Finite Element Method
Authors: Muñoz David , Albelda José , Ródenas Juan José , Nadal Enrique 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe growing number of scientific publications on topology optimization (TO) shows the great interest that this technique has generated in recent years. Among the different methodologies for TO, this article focuses on the well‐known solid isotropic material penalization (SIMP) method, broadly used because of its simple formulation and efficiency. Even so, the SIMP method has certain drawbacks, namely: lack of precision in definition of the edges of the optimized geometry and final results strongly influenced by the discretization used for the finite element (FE) analyses. In this article, we propose a combination of techniques to limit the effect of these drawbacks and, thus, to improve the behavior of TO. All these techniques are based on the use of the Cartesian grid finite element method (cgFEM), an immersed boundary method whose Cartesian grid structure and hierarchical data structure makes it specially appropriate for TO. All the proposed techniques are framed under the concept of mesh refinement. First, we propose the use of two meshes, the FE analysis mesh, and a finer mesh for integration and evaluation of sensitivities, to improve the resolution of the final solution at a marginal computational cost. Then we propose two h‐adaptive mesh refinement strategies. The first one will tend to refine the elements having intermediate density values and will have the effect of sharpening the definition of the edges of the optimized geometry. We will clearly show that if the accuracy of the FE analyses is not taken into account, stress constrained TO will generate solutions that, once manufactured, will not satisfy the constraints. Hence, we also propose an h‐refinement strategy based on the estimation of the discretization error in energy norm.
Dynamic cracking simulation by the nonlocal macro‐meso‐scale damage model for isotropic materials
Authors: Lu Guangda , Chen Jianbing 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe newly proposed nonlocal macro‐meso‐scale damage (NMMD) model is extended to dynamic cracking simulation. For this purpose, the framework of continuum damage mechanics and damage constitutive model are firstly described. The NMMD, where the meso‐scale damage is determined according to the deformation of material bond and then the macroscopic topologic damage is endowed with the weighted averaging over the meso‐scale damage in the influence domain of the material point, is then elaborated and incorporated into the framework. Specifically, the criterion of meso‐scale damage is renormalized. The numerical algorithms including the spatial discretization by the finite element methods and the time integration methods by an explicit scheme are outlined. Several examples are studied in detail, showing the effectiveness of the proposed method. In particular, due to the nonlocal property, there is no spatial mesh size sensitivity. Owing to the scale renormalization of the meso‐scale damage, the results are insensitive to the influence radius in some examples. The dynamic cracking, including the crack propagation velocity, the damage dissipation rate, and the connection to the dynamic crack branching, is discussed in detail based on the computed results.
Translation and psychometric properties of the Persian version of the position on nursing diagnosis scale
Authors: Ramezanian Tayebeh , Mohammadipour Fatemeh , Mohammadi Rasool , Kordestani‐Moghaddam Parastou 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimTo validate the Positions on Nursing Diagnosis scale developed by Lunney and Krenz (1992) in Persian language.DesignCross‐sectional survey.MethodsA methodological study conducted in two stages of translation (by applying the forward and back‐translation method) and psychometric assessment was conducted in a western area of Iran. The scale was completed by 600 nurses selected by quota method from different wards of four provinces. Date of data collection is 1‐April‐2019 to 1‐Dec‐2019.ResultsThe Positions on Nursing Diagnosis scale showed acceptable content validity with index of 0.97. The 20 items of the Positions on Nursing Diagnosis scale load on four factors. The confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated the good fit of the model's indicators. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the whole instrument was 0.85. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.86.
Measuring Ovarian Escape in Premenopausal Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer Patients on Ovarian Suppression Therapy
Authors: Burns Ethan , Koca Emre , Xu Jiaqiong , McLean Edward , Lee Rosetta , Patel Tejal , Chang Jenny , Niravath Polly 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Purpose
This study evaluated the proportion of premenopausal women who experience persistent ovarian escape (OE) while receiving ovarian suppression (OS) therapy for estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer treatment. The study also examined clinical factors that may predispose to higher risk of persistent OE.

Materials and Methods
This was a retrospective, “real-world” study to evaluate premenopausal women receiving adjuvant endocrine OS therapy. The primary objective was to measure the percentage of persistent OE within the first 3 months of OS injections (using either leuprolide or goserelin). The secondary objective was to associate baseline clinical data (age, body mass index [BMI], and previous chemotherapy) with the probability of OE.

Results
Of the 46 patients included in this analysis, 11 (23.9%) women did not achieve OS within 3 months. Three women (6.5%) remained in OE at 12 months. Older age (odds ratio, 0.86; confidence interval, 0.76–0.98, p = .024) was associated with lower chance of developing OE. BMI, previous chemotherapy, and drug used (tamoxifen versus aromatase inhibitor) did not correlate with the likelihood of OE in this patient cohort.

Conclusion
Among the premenopausal women who did not attain complete ovarian suppression, young age was a significant risk factor for likelihood of OE. Although the clinical relevance of this finding is not yet known, it should prompt further studies to determine whether inadequate OS is associated with higher recurrence risk for patients with ER+ breast cancer.

Implications for Practice
Because up to a quarter of premenopausal women do not attain adequate ovarian suppression within the first 3 months of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist therapy, bloodwork should be checked to ascertain hormone levels prior to starting aromatase inhibitor therapy, and at regular intervals, for these women.
Effects of Access to Legal Same‐Sex Marriage on Marriage and Health
Authors: Carpenter Christopher S. , Eppink Samuel T. , Gonzales Gilbert , McKay Tara 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe provide the first comprehensive evidence on the effects of access to legal same‐sex marriage (SSM) on marriage and adult health using the full rollout of marriage equality across the United States. Using data from the CDC BRFSS from 2000 to 2017, we relate changes in outcomes for individuals in same‐sex households (SSH) coincident with adoption of legal SSM in two‐way fixed effects models. A substantial share of these households includes gay and lesbian couples. For men in SSH, we find robust evidence that access to legal SSM significantly increased marriage take‐up, health insurance coverage, access to care, and healthcare utilization. Results for women in SSH are inconclusive apart from a clear increase in marriage take‐up. Our results provide the first evidence that legal access to SSM significantly improved health for adult gay men.
Novel treatments for hemophilia through rebalancing of the coagulation cascade
Authors: Zhao Yakun , Weyand Angela C. , Shavit Jordan A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHemophilia A and B are inherited hemorrhagic disorders that result from alterations in the coagulation cascade. Aside from spontaneous bleeding, the main complication of hemophilia is hemarthrosis. Progress over the last three decades, specifically prophylaxis using recombinant factor, has prevented hemarthrosis and lengthened patient life expectancies. However, many treatments require frequent dosing up to three times a week, and alloantibodies (inhibitors) against replacement factor continues to be an issue. These problems call for novel treatments for patients with hemophilia. Although there has been progress in extended half‐life factors and mimetics of factor VIII, an alternative treatment methodology is to rebalance the activities of pro‐ and anticoagulant factors through inhibition of the natural anticoagulants: antithrombin, tissue factor pathway inhibitor, protein C, and protein S. This review will explore the efficacy of targeting these inhibitory pathways from preclinical development through clinical trials, and delve into concerns of thrombotic risk.
Severe adverse events during sirolimus “off‐label” therapy for vascular anomalies
Authors: Rössler Jochen , Baselga Eulalia , Davila Victoria , Celis Veronica , Diociaiuti Andrea , El Hachem Maya , Mestre Sandrine , Haeberli Dario , Prokop Aram , Hanke Christof , Loichinger Wolfgang , Quéré Isabelle , Baumgartner Iris , Niemeyer Charlotte M. , Kapp Friedrich G. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectivesClinical studies have shown low toxicity and a favorable safety profile for sirolimus in vascular anomalies. Here, we describe severe adverse events (SAEs) observed during “off‐label use” for vascular anomalies.MethodsWe performed a retrospective, multicenter chart review for SAEs during “off‐label” sirolimus therapy for vascular anomalies and analyzed these cases by a predesigned workflow.ResultsWe identified 17 SAEs in 14 patients diagnosed with generalized lymphatic anomaly (n = 4), Gorham–Stout disease (n = 2), central conducting lymphatic anomaly (n = 1), lymphatic malformation (n = 4), tufted angioma (n = 1), kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (n = 1), and venous malformation in a patient with CLOVES syndrome (n = 1). Three patients presented two SAEs each. The age at initiation of sirolimus therapy was under 2 years (n = 5), 2–6 years (n = 5), and older than 12 years (n = 4). SAEs occurred during the first 3 months of sirolimus therapy (n = 7), between 3 and 12 months (n = 7) and after 1 year of therapy (n = 3). The most frequent SAE was viral pneumonia (n = 8) resulting in one death due to a metapneumovirus infection in a 3 months old and a generalized adenovirus infection in a 28‐month‐old child. Sirolimus blood level at the time of SAEs ranged between 2.7 and 21 ng/L. Five patients were on antibiotic prophylaxis.ConclusionsMost SAEs are observed in the first year of sirolimus therapy; however, SAEs can also occur after a longer treatment period. SAEs are potentially life threatening, especially in early infancy. Presence of other risk factors, that is, underlying vascular anomaly or immune status, may contribute to the risk of SAEs. Sirolimus is an important therapeutic option for vascular anomalies, but patients and physicians need to be aware that adequate monitoring is necessary, especially in patients with complex lymphatic anomalies that are overrepresented in our cohort of SAEs.
The influence of processing conditions on tensile properties of wholly thermoplastic composites reinforced with nanotubes
Authors: Han Jier Y. , Baird Donald G. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper is concerned with novel wholly thermoplastic composites (WTCs) reinforced with supercritical carbon dioxide‐aided exfoliated multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and the enhancement of mechanical properties. The bicomponent in situ injection molded plaques consist of polyamide 6 (PA6) and microfibers of thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer (TLCP) with miss‐matched melting temperature. Multiple mixing histories with MWCNTs and processing temperatures were studied and tested for minimizing matrix thermal degradation and maximizing tensile properties of the multi‐scale WTCs. The optimum in situ injection molding temperature was found at 300°C with melt blending nylon 6 matrix and exfoliated MWCNTs in advance. Exfoliated MWCNTs acted as bridging elements between the TLCP and the nylon 6 matrix, which lead to effective stress transfer from the nylon 6 matrix to the TLCP fibrils. Compared to the WTCs without MWCNTs reinforcement, tensile modulus and tensile strength in longitudinal and latitudinal directions were both improved. Furthermore, with the reinforcement of TLCP and exfoliated MWCNTs, the tensile modulus and tensile strength of nylon 6 were enhanced by 173% and 35% in the fluid flow direction, respectively. These experimental results for 20 wt% TLCP/PA6 were even better than the mechanical properties of 20 wt% carbon fiber (CF)/PA6 reported in the literature.
Characterization of hybrid composites reinforced with metal and ceramic nanoparticles
Authors: Jeong Ji Won , Song Young Seok 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this study, we prepared a hybrid composite by incorporating metal and ceramic nanoparticles into aliphatic polyketone. Aliphatic polyketone, a copolymer composed of olefin and carbon monoxide has relatively high crystallinity, impact resistance, tribological properties, good resistance to strong acid, and high gas barrier properties. Aluminum and sepiolite powders were compounded with the polymer. The process was carried out using a twin‐screw extruder, and dog‐bone specimens were prepared via injection molding. The thermal, mechanical, and rheological properties of the composites were analyzed experimentally. In addition, morphological characterization was carried out. When the microflake and nanoparticles were embedded into the composites, the initial pyrolysis temperature were increased. The effect of the nanoparticle addition was more significant than that of the microsized particle addition, and the heat treated sepiolite nanocomposite was found to have the highest viscosity, storage modulus, and loss modulus.
Exposure to phthalates: germline dysfunction and aneuploidy
Authors: Henderson Ayana L. , Colaiácovo Monica P. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEpidemiological studies continue to reveal the enduring impact of exposures to environmental chemicals on human physiology, including our reproductive health. Phthalates, a well characterized class of endocrine disrupting chemicals and commonly utilized plasticizers, are among one of the many toxicants ubiquitously present in our environment. Phthalate exposure has been linked to increases in the rate of human aneuploidy, a phenomenon that is detected in 0.3% of livebirths resulting in genetic disorders including trisomy 21, approximately 4% of stillbirths, and over 35% of miscarriages. Here we review recent epidemiological and experimental studies that have examined the role that phthalates play in germline dysfunction, including increases in apoptosis, oxidative stress, DNA damage, and impaired genomic integrity, resulting in aneuploidy. We will further discuss subject variability, as it relates to diet and polymorphisms, and the sexual dimorphic effects of phthalate exposure, as it relates to sex‐specific targets. Lastly, we discuss some of the conserved effects of phthalate exposure across humans, mammalian models and nonmammalian model organisms, highlighting the importance of using model organisms to our advantage for chemical risk assessment and unveiling potential mechanisms that underlie phthalate‐induced reproductive health issues across species.
Statins and risk of diverticular disease: Nested case–control study
Authors: Skajaa Nils , Schønfeldt Troelsen Frederikke , Pedersen Lars , Ekholm Ola , Strate Lisa L. , Erichsen Rune , Sørensen Henrik Toft 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundStatins exert pleiotropic anti‐inflammatory effects and may prevent diverticular disease. However, the association remains poorly understood with previous studies obtaining conflicting results.AimsTo examine the effect of statin on the subsequent risk of diverticular disease.MethodsWe conducted a nested case–control study in Denmark among respondents (>18 years) of the 2010 or the 2013 Danish National Health Survey. Among these, we identified 8809 cases of hospital‐diagnosed diverticular disease and risk‐set sampled population controls without diverticular disease. Using complete prescription and hospital records, we used conditional logistic regression to compute odds ratios (ORs) associating statin use with diverticular disease. In adjusted analyses, we controlled for hospital‐based diagnoses, medication use other than statins, and lifestyle and socioeconomic factors.ResultsThe fully adjusted OR for diverticular disease associated with ever use (≥1 statin prescription filling) was 1.19 (95% CI: 1.12–1.27) compared with never use. However, we observed no dose–response relation. For example, among short‐term users (<5 years), the OR was 1.18 (95% CI: 1.04–1.35) for low intensity users and 1.13 (95% CI: 1.01–1.26) for high intensity users. Among long‐term users (≥5 years), the respective ORs were 1.25 (95% CI: 1.13–1.38) and 1.11 (95% CI: 0.98–1.24). In analyses restricting to cases and controls with a previous colonoscopy, associations were null (OR: 1.01 [95% CI: 0.85–1.20]).ConclusionsThe observed association of a higher risk of diverticular disease associated with statins could be explained by diagnostic bias. Our study did not support a protective nor harmful effect of statins on the risk of diverticular disease.
Phenol‐enriched hydroxy depolymerized lignin by microwave alkali catalysis to prepare high‐adhesive biomass composites
Authors: Di Bing , Li Zheng , Lei Yin , Wang Xiaofeng , Zhu Yanchao , Qi Wei , Tian Yumei 
Published: February 2021

AbstractLignin, a by‐product produced during pulping and papermaking, is a phenol‐rich compound with excellent prospect to be used as a substitute for phenol in phenolic resin adhesive. Phenol‐enriched hydroxy depolymerized lignin by microwave alkali catalysis is an effective method to prepare high‐adhesive biomass composite. This study investigated the microwave digestion of lignin under different conditions of the alkali catalysis (sodium hydroxide) concentration, power, reaction time, and reaction temperature. The results show that on the condition of sodium hydroxide concentration of 0.3 mol/L, temperature of 170 °C, and time of 20 min, the highest phenolic hydroxy content obtained by depolymerization of lignin is 21.68%. SEM shows that the depolymerized lignin has no original basic constituent units and lignin‐based phenolic resin has dense uniform pine needle units. Therefore, it has a high bonding strength of 1.934 MPa. The bonding strength and phenol content obtained by the microwave depolymerization method are much higher than those of other modification methods.