bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of systemic therapies in men with metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer harboring germline ATM versus BRCA2 mutations
Authors: Sokolova Alexandra O. , Marshall Catherine H. , Lozano Rebeca , Gulati Roman , Ledet Elisa M. , De Sarkar Navonil , Grivas Petros , Higano Celestia S. , Montgomery Bruce , Nelson Peter S. , Olmos David , Sokolov Vadim , Schweizer Michael T. , Yezefski Todd A. , Yu Evan Y. , Paller Channing J. , Sartor Oliver , Castro Elena , Antonarakis Emmanuel S. , Cheng Heather H. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundAmong men with metastatic prostate cancer, about 10% have germline alterations in DNA damage response genes. Most studies have examined BRCA2 alone or an aggregate of BRCA1/2 and ATM. Emerging data suggest that ATM mutations may have distinct biology and warrant individual evaluation. The objective of this study is to determine whether response to prostate cancer systemic therapies differs between men with germline mutations in ATM (gATM) and BRCA2 (gBRCA2).MethodsThis is an international multicenter retrospective matched cohort study of men with prostate cancer harboring gATM or gBRCA2. PSA50 response (≥50% decline in prostate‐specific antigen) was compared using Fisher's exact test.Results and LimitationsThe study included 45 gATM and 45 gBRCA2 patients, matched on stage and year of germline testing. Patients with gATM and gBRCA2 had similar age, Gleason grade, and PSA at diagnosis. We did not observe differences in PSA50 responses to abiraterone, enzalutamide, or docetaxel in metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer between the two groups; however, 0/7 with gATM and 12/14 with gBRCA2 achieved PSA50 response to PARPi (p < .001). Median (95% confidence interval) overall survival from diagnosis to death was 10.9 years (9.5‐not reached) versus 9.9 years (7.1‐not reached, p = .07) for the gATM and gBRCA2 cohorts, respectively. Limitations include the retrospective design and lack of mutation zygosity data.ConclusionsConventional therapies can be effective in gATM carriers and should be considered before PARPi, which shows limited efficacy in this group. Men with gATM mutations warrant prioritization for novel treatment strategies.
Current status of safety engineering education in China
Authors: Ma Congming , Jing Mingjv , Hou Shuya , Jiang Juncheng , Zhang Bin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAn overview of Safety Engineering education in China is conducted. First, definition, research specialty, and development history of Safety Science and Engineering are introduced. Second, a geographical distribution study indicates that universities offering Safety Engineering in mainland China are mainly located in East China, Central North China, and some provinces in West and South China, which is consistent with the latest gross domestic product (GDP) and year‐end resident population data. The analysis of evaluation in higher education focuses on engineering education accreditation, first‐class discipline construction, and China University Subject Rankings. Third, Safety Engineering curricula in China mainly include general education courses and professional courses. The former is divided into basic education courses and subject education courses, and the latter is divided into professional core courses and professional characteristic courses. The professional characteristic courses offered by various universities are different from each other, mainly due to their research specialties, such as fire safety, chemical safety, mining safety, construction safety, and nuclear safety. Finally, existing challenges, including a lack of engineering practice, lack of systematic course content, and lack of professional competitiveness, are discussed.
Azobenzene‐isoxazoline as photopharmacological ligand for optical control of insect GABA receptor and behavior
Authors: Qiao Zhi , Ji Yunfan , Zhang Yongchao , Li Zhong , Xu Zhiping , Shao Xusheng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDPhotopharmacology is a fast‐growing photonics‐based technology, which realizes the high‐resolution regulation of drugs in time and space through light. The purpose of this research was to introduce photochromic groups into the isoxazoline structure to realize the regulation of γ‐Aminobutyric acid receptors (GABARs) targeting insect behavior.RESULTSAzobenzene‐Fluralaner analogs ABF02, ABF03 and ABF04 have been proven to have larvicidal activity against mosquito larvae. Cis‐ABF03 had excellent larvicidal activity against mosquito larvae with a median lethal concentration (LC50) value of 1.63, which was better than that of trans‐ABF03 (LC50 = 3.90). In particular, ABF03 also showed insecticidal activity against Mythimna separata. Further experiments showed that ABF03 (1 μm) induced depolarization of dorsal unpaired median neurons after ultraviolet light irradiation, enhanced affinity to the receptor, and blocked ligand‐gated chloride channels of GABARs. ABF03 (1 μm) realized the real‐time photoregulation of the behavior of mosquito larvae, which indicated that the synthesized ligand can complete the binding and off‐target action of drugs and targets in vivo under the regulation of light.CONCLUSIONAzobenzene‐Isoxazoline as photopharmacological ligand was synthesized and evaluated for optical control of insect GABARs and behavior for the first time. ABF03 completed the differential regulation of cockroach neurons and the real‐time reversible regulation of insect behavior. The establishment of photochromic ligands provides a new strategy for basic and convenience‐oriented research on GABARs in invertebrates. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
The effects of curcumin as dietary supplement for patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: An updated systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Abdelazeem Basel , Abbas Kirellos Said , Shehata Joseph , Baral Nischit , Banour Sandi , Hassan Mustafa 
Published: September 2021

This review aims to evaluate if there are clinical benefits of curcumin (CUR) in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Central, and Google Scholar) were systematically searched to identify only randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that assessed CUR in patients with PCOS from inception to May 5, 2021. Five RCTs were included with a total of 296 patients, with 148 among the CUR groups and 148 patients among the control group. Revised Cochrane risk‐of‐bias tool for randomized trials was used to assess the risk of bias, three RCTs provided a low risk of bias and two provided a high risk of bias. Compared with the control group, CUR was associated with a statistically significant improvement in the glycemic control including fasting blood glucose (MD = −3.67; 95% CI = [−5.25, −2.08], p < .00001), insulin level (MD = −1.91; 95% CI = [−2.97, −0.84], p = .0005), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (MD = −0.55; 95% CI = [−0.83, −0.27], p = .0001), and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (MD = 0.01; 95% CI = [0.00, 0.02], p = .0005). The mean difference in total cholesterol was also statistically significant (MD = −15.55; 95% CI = [−30.33, −0.76], p < .04). The rest of the secondary outcomes, including LDL, HDL, sex hormone, body weight, and CRP, were not statistically significant. This review concluded that among patients with PCOS, the use of CUR demonstrated a significant difference from the control group for glycemic control. Those findings suggest that CUR confers clinical benefits in patients with PCOS. However, due to the limited number of the included studies, further high‐quality studies are needed to establish the clinical efficacy of the CUR.
A Deep convolutional neural network with residual blocks for wafer map defect pattern recognition
Authors: Wang Fu‐Kwun , Chou Jia‐Hong , Amogne Zemenu Endalamaw 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDifferent deep convolution neural network (DCNN) models have been proposed for wafer map pattern identification and classification tasks in previous studies. However, factors such as input image resolution effect on the classification performance of the proposed models and class imbalance in the training set after splitting the data into training and test sets have not been considered in the previous studies. We propose a DCNN model with residual blocks, called the Opt‐ResDCNN model, for wafer map defect pattern classification by considering 26 × 26, 64 × 64, 96 × 96, and 256 × 256 input images and class imbalance issues. The model with a balance function can improve the performance. We compare the proposed model with the published defect pattern classification models in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 value. Using a publicly available wafer map data set (WM‐811K), the proposed method on the four different resolutions can obtain an excellent average accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score. Regarding accuracy, the proposed model results are 99.90%, 99.86%, 90.28%, 98.88%, respectively. These results are better than the published papers.
A Stem Cell Journey in Ophthalmology: From the Bench to the Clinic
Authors: Caras Ingrid W. , Collins Lila R. , Creasey Abla A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Debilitating diseases of the eye represent a large unmet medical need potentially addressable with stem cell-based approaches. Over the past decade, the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM) has funded and supported the translation, from early research concepts to human trials, of therapeutic stem cell approaches for dry age-related macular degeneration, retinitis pigmentosa, and limbal stem cell deficiency. This article chronicles CIRM's journey in the ophthalmology field and discusses some key challenges and questions that were addressed along the way as well as questions that remain.
Palladium Catalysts with Triglyme‐Functionalized NHC Ligands for Suzuki Coupling Reactions in Aqueous Solvent
Authors: Liu Qingqing , Zhong Jing , Tian Funing , Wang Qiwei , Wang Yuanhua , Zhong Liu , Huang Qingfei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTo perform green chemistry, hydrophilic catalysts with high activity and stability are required. We designed and synthesized a catalyst [Pd(IPr*TEG)(cin)Cl)] from commercially available materials; this catalyst could be used in a wide range of Suzuki coupling reactions in aqueous solvents. The reaction works smoothly under low catalyst loading with a good to excellent yield. It was noted that the catalyst can be recycled, and it performed well in cyclical reactions.
Ionic Liquids based Acid‐base Indicators for Aqueous to the Non‐Aqueous Medium: An Overview
Authors: Rahman Ziaur , Das Sudhir Kumar 
Published: September 2021

AbstractVisualizing acid‐base equilibria and determining acid‐base equilibrium constants (pKa) in aqueous to the non‐aqueous medium is essential for understanding the various chemical and biochemical processes. This mini review highlights the possibility of fine‐tuning the traditional acid‐base indicator dye‘s physicochemical properties into ionic liquids (ILs)‐integrated ones to enhance their solubility and practical applications in a wide range of solvents. These include the high sensitivity towards acid and bases by virtue of its colour and spectral properties changes. ILs‐based indicators could be used to determine the pKa values in aqueous to the non‐aqueous medium from polar to non‐polar ones by overlapping indicator method. This review provides an essential idea of the emerging challenges and openings that may motivate the scientific communities to move towards IL‐integrated acid‐base indicators and find their dissociation constants (pKInd) in any solvents depending on their solubility. The calculated pKInd values could be used to determine the pKa values of different acids and bases in any solvents. It would also be beneficial to find a general trend of acidity and basicity from solvents to solvents using such types of indicators without alternating the main moiety. It will benefit the scientific communities to understand the pKa scales in different solvents.
From Food to Mobility: Investigating a Screening Assay for New Automotive Antioxidants Using the Stable Radical DPPH
Authors: Higgins Clare L. , Filip Sorin V. , Afsar Ashfaq , Colquhoun Howard M. , Hayes Wayne 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBy taking inspiration from the food industry, an assay was investigated as a potential screening tool to test the efficiency of new phenolic antioxidants. The method was based on the spectrophotometric measurement of the stable free radical 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) which, in its radical form, has an absorbance maxima at 515 nm. The disappearance of this absorbance band, upon reaction with an antioxidant, was monitored to reveal the kinetic pathway of the reaction, which was defined simply as either fast, medium or slow. Adaptation of the assay was attempted for application to biofuels and oil‐based automotive fluids whereby the effect of polar and non‐polar solvents on the kinetics of the reaction was investigated. In addition, the stoichiometry of the radical scavenging reaction was also analysed to give an insight into the structure‐activity relationships of phenolic antioxidants.
A Hydrophilic Supported Fe3O4 Catalyst with Enhanced Light Olefins Selectivity in the Fischer‐Tropsch Synthesis
Authors: Ma Long , Zhang Yuxi , Gao Xinhua , Atchimarungsri Thachapan , Ma Qingxiang , Zhang Jianli , Zhang Xingjun , Li Caihu , Zhao Tian‐Sheng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA series of Fe3O4 catalysts supported on chitosan (CTS) were prepared through successive hydrothermal synthesis, cross‐linking, and mechanical mixing of CTS. The prepared catalysts were characterized by SEM, XRD, N2 adsorption‐desorption, XPS, FT−IR, TG, H2−TPR, CO−TPD, C3H6−TPD, and contact angle (CA) analysis, then evaluated for their performance in the Fischer‐Tropsch synthesis (FTS). CTS supported Fe3O4 catalyst increased the hydrophilicity of the pristine un‐supported Fe3O4. Results revealed that the catalysts exhibit high activity with tuned product distribution in FTS. The water gas shift reaction is facilitated over the Fe3O4/CTS catalysts, and their selectivity for light olefins is significantly improved by inhibiting the secondary reaction of the initial olefins, which was confirmed by C3H6−TPD experiments. The Fe3O4 particle size has a significant influence on product distribution, with larger Fe3O4 particles being beneficial to the formation of light olefins. The 30 % Fe3O4/CTS catalyst has light olefin selectivity of 35 % with an O/P value of 2.19, which are higher than those of 21 % and 0.62 over the pristine Fe3O4.
Characterization of performable geopolymer mortars for use as repair material
Authors: Maras Muslum Murat 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHeritage masonry constructions constitute an important percentage of the structures in many countries. These structures are highly vulnerable to environmental changes (such as earthquakes), and significant losses in masonry historical constructions occur even in a moderate earthquake. For this reason, damage assessment studies of these structures before earthquakes are of great importance. After an earthquake, historical buildings in Turkey were examined and it was found that many buildings underwent damage. In these structures, damage occurs during the earthquake due to the use of low‐quality materials and a lack of sufficient connections between the layers. In these buildings, damage especially occurs in the parts that undergo restoration. Since low‐strength repair mortars are generally used in the restored sections, wide cracks have occurred in the building elements under the effect of earthquakes. This study aimed to produce alternative materials that could be used as geopolymer binders in restorated buildings. The mechanical, physical, and microstructural characteristics of the geopolymer samples were investigated in detail using laboratory tests. As a result, the strength of geopolymer repair materials with 8 M and 5% calcium hydroxide (Ca[OH]2) was very high when compared with other values. High‐strength compatible alternative geopolymer repair mortars that could be used for restoration were produced. For this reason, mortar is considered a significant application for repairing and strengthening buildings.
Pressure Injury Prevention and Management
Authors: Hickling Donna , Nowicki Tracy , Santy-Tomlinson Julie 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPrevious chapters have described how to implement and improve nutrition care with an emphasis on interdisciplinary approaches. The focus of this chapter is on the link between malnutrition and pressure injuries (PIs), focussing on nutritional screening, assessment and interdisciplinary interventions in preventing and managing PIs.
The Nutritional System
Authors: Cinti Saverio 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe white and brown adipose tissues are organized to form a true organ. They have a different anatomy and perform different functions, but they collaborate thanks to their ability to convert mutually and reversibly following physiological stimuli. This implies a new fundamental property for mature cells, which would be able to reversibly reprogram their genome under physiological conditions. The subcutaneous mammary gland provides another example of their plasticity. Here fat cells are reversibly transformed into glands during pregnancy and breastfeeding. The obese adipose organ is inflamed because hypertrophic fat cells, typical of this condition, die and their cellular residues must be reabsorbed by macrophages. The molecules produced by these cells during their reabsorption work interfere with the insulin receptor, and this induces insulin resistance, which ultimately causes type 2 diabetes. The adipose organ collaborates with those of digestion. Both produce hormones that can influence the nutritional behavior of individuals. They produce molecules that mutually influence functional activities including thermogenesis, which contributes to the interruption of the meal. The nutrients are absorbed by the intestine, stored in the adipose organ, and distributed by them to the whole body between meals. Distribution includes offspring during breastfeeding. The system as a whole is therefore called the nutritional system.
Preventing and Managing Hydration and Dehydration in Older People
Authors: Vilmundardóttir Vilborg Kolbrún , Skúladóttir Sigrún Sunna 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPrevious chapters have described nutritional care in geriatrics and orthogeriatrics in detail, including special focus on malnutrition and best practice in nursing care. This chapter will focus on recommendations and guidelines for hydration, fluid intake and intravenous fluid therapy in geriatrics and orthogeriatrics.
The Model of UDL Implementation Enabling the Development of Inclusive Education in Different Educational Contexts: Conclusions
Authors: Galkienė Alvyra , Monkevičienė Ona 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis chapter presents the conclusions of research carried out by Polish, Lithuanian, Finnish, and Austrian researchers, aimed at providing an answer to the question of ‘How the implementation of Universal Design for Learning (UDL) enriches the practices of inclusive education in different educational contexts.’ The summary of the research results is followed by a model of the application of the UDL approach for the development of inclusive education. In the model, the UDL approach is presented as an approach of transforming the process of education and strengthening teacher inclusive attitudes, as a prerequisite for the pupil’s becoming an expert learner, a means for mobilizing the school community, a tool for reflecting teacher competences, and a new perspective for re-interpreting educational practices. The UDL application model is valuable in terms of developing inclusive education practices, as it allows us to see barriers to pupil education as well as relevant directions for improving education in any educational and cultural context.
Automated Housing Price Valuation and Spatial Data
Authors: Batista Paulo , Marques João Lourenço 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe demand for automated, reliable and understandable housing price valuation mechanisms is increasing. Most efforts have been made to improve model accuracy and prediction power through the well-established standard econometric models based on regression techniques. However, the modelling of the spatial attributes of housing through mass appraisal tools has been given less attention. Incorporating spatial modelling approaches through econometrics frameworks opens new opportunities for improving automated valuation tools.This work presents an exploratory analysis of different approaches to incorporating spatial data into AVM tools, taking advantage of the potential of spatial (big) data, stored on different sources – census data, open street maps and public administration data.Improvement of the standard housing price models embedded in a Portuguese housing appraisal decision system (held by PrimeYield SA) will be presented. Different strategies to incorporate spatial data from public sources are analysed, taking the Sintra municipality and PrimeYield data on this territory as a case study. The focus is the mitigation of the well-known pitfalls of spatial models, such as spatial heterogeneity and spatial dependence.The results show the potential added-value of collecting and (pre)processing a different set of territorial variables – socioeconomic, accessibility, and land use – to improve the explanation power, parsimony and understanding of housing price models. Geographic weight regression models can be a balanced compromise to achieve those objectives which will be investigated.
Didaktische Analysen zum Bruchzahlbegriff
Authors: Kollhoff Sebastian 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Kapitel wird die Entwicklung des Bruchzahlbegriffs als mathematischer Untersuchungsgegenstand der empirischen Studie beschrieben. Diese Beschreibung erfolgt auf der Grundlage des Grundvorstellungskonzepts (vom Hofe, 1995), das zunächst eingehend erörtert und vor dem Hintergrund der zuvor dargestellten theoretischen Transferperspektiven diskutiert wird. Im Anschluss werden Grundvorstellungen und Zahlaspekte von Bruchzahlen auf normativer Ebene beschrieben und unter Berücksichtigung zentraler empirischer Befunde Transferprozesse in der Entwicklung des Bruchzahlbegriffs abgeleitet, die als inhaltliche Strukturierung für die Unterrichtseinheit als Rahmen der empirischen Studie dienen.
Zusammenfassung und Perspektiven
Authors: Kollhoff Sebastian 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Ergebnisse der Arbeit lassen sich in zwei Bereiche gliedern. Zum einen wurde der Forschungsstand zum Transfer beim Lernen aufgearbeitet, im Rahmen mathematikdidaktischer Theorien diskutiert und ein didaktisches Modell für die Analyse von Transferprozessen in der Entwicklung des Bruchzahlbegriffs entwickelt. Zum anderen wurden in der empirischen Studie Bearbeitungsprozesse von Schülerinnen und Schülern analysiert, um Transferprozesse deskriptiv zu beschreiben und Beziehungen zwischen Transferprozessen und der Entwicklung eines tragfähigen Verständnisses von Bruchzahlen aufzudecken.
Betriebliche Beteiligung in der Umsetzung
Authors: Schachler Viviane 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungIn Abschnitt 2.2 wurden die Merkmale des deutschen Modells der Arbeitsbeziehungen vorgestellt und die rechtlichen Grundlagen zur Einbindung und Arbeitsweise von Betriebsräten skizziert. Abschnitt 3.3 stellte die in Analogie dazu entstandene betriebliche Interessenvertretung in WfbM und die verordnungsrechtlichen Befugnisse von Werkstatträten vor. Zunächst die gesetzliche Ausrichtung der Arbeit von Betriebsräten zu behandeln und anschließend die Vorgaben zur Arbeit der Werkstatträte zu fokussieren war erforderlich, da die WMVO in Anlehnung an die Regelungen des BetrVG entstanden ist (Cramer, 2009, S. 387) und sich die Vorgaben so besser nachvollziehen lassen.