bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of medium formulation and BAP concentration of growth and development of Aquilaria malaccensis Lam. shoot in vitro
Authors: Hapsari B W , Rudiyanto  , Martin A F , Ermayanti T M 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTissue culture of agarwood tree (Aquilaria malaccensisLam) was done to produce a large number of transplants in the laboratory. The compositions of medium culture are commonly modified to obtain the best growth of explants to regenerate into plantlets. Our study aimed to evaluate and compare different medium formulations supplemented with BAP on agarwood shoot culture growth. In this study we used MS, NN, B5, AR and WP medium containing 0 (control treatment), 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/L BAP. The shoot tips were cultured for 16 weeks in the treatment media. Height of shoots, number of leaves, number of adventive shoots, and number of roots was recorded every week to determine the growth. The results showed that after 16 weeks of culture, the best medium for shoot height was NN medium with BAP fortification (3.54cm) for number of leaves and adventive shoots proliferation was Gamborg B5 medium fortified with 0.5 mg/L BAP (21.63 leaves and 8,38 shoots), while NN medium without BAP was best for rooting.
Effect of light and preservatives on the stability of the phycocyanin from the extremophilic red microalgae Cyanidioschyzon merolae
Authors: Rahman D Y , Susilaningsih D , Van Der Maarel M J E C 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Synthetic dyes are replaced more and more in food products by natural pigments. A growing number of consumers are concerned with the potential health risk and behavior problems related to synthetic dyes. The phycocyanin of the cyanobacterium Arthospira platensis is the only natural blue pigment commercially available. The thermoacidophilic red microalgae Cuanidioschyzon merolae could provide an alternative phycocyanin source. As C. merolae grows at relatively high temperatures (45 to 56°C), the phycocyanin has a high thermostability even at relatively low pH. The stability of the C. merolae phycocyanin was determined for several products of relevant parameters. Average daylight (300-500 Lux) did not significantly affect the stability, while intense light (20,000 Lux) reduced the half-life to 35 hours. The preservatives such as glucose, sucrose, fructose, and sorbitol improved the stability of C. merolae phycocyanin considerably, with 20% glucose resulting in no loss of color at all. The results show that C. merolae phycocyanin can be used in various food products as a natural blue colorant.
Potential of isolated bacteria biostimulant from soil roots on white turmeric plants (Curcuma zedoaria)
Authors: Lekatompessy S J R , Nuriyanah  , Widowati T , Simarmata R 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The abundance of microbes around the roots of plants is an interesting thing where there is an interaction between plants and surrounding microbes. The purpose of this study was to obtain rhizosphere isolates from the soil of white turmeric roots, to determine the potential activity of rhizosphere bacteria from white turmeric as a biostimulating agent and biofertilizer agent that can help plant growth. The research method used was screening for potential growth hormone-producing bacteria (biostimulants), nitrogen fixation ability, enzyme production (protease, amylase, catalase) and biocontrol and bacterial colony PCR. The results showed that twelve rhizosphere bacteria isolates from white turmeric were isolated. Rhizosphere bacteria have the potential as a biostimulant agent, multipotential agent (biofertilizer agent, biodegradation agent and biocontrol agent) which is useful for helping plant growth, especially white turmeric plants. The twelve bacteria that had PCR amplification of the 16 S rRNA gene were performed, the results showed that the DNA bands could be continued for further identification. The results of the study by utilizing the potential of rhizosphere bacteria which have commercial value to be promoted into a safe and multi-functional biostimulant product based on superior isolates to support plant growth, especially white turmeric plants.
Physiological characteristic of 10 sorghums genotypes under water stress in greenhouse
Authors: Widiyono W , Rachmat A , Nugroho S , Lestari P , Syarif F 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Selection to screen sorghum accessions tolerance to drought condition was conducted. The experiment was conducted in the glasshouse on 10 sorghum accession using a Randomized Block Design, on July to October 2017. Three water treatments were used i.e., 30% of field capacity (FC), 50% FC and 80% FC, with 3 replicates for each treatment. The results indicated that N6.12 was very sensitive to drought with water potential of -6.45 MPa at 30% FC and – 6.22 MPa at 50% FC, while Jagung Rote was very resistant with water potential of – 4.23 at 30% FC, followed by Suri 3 with – 3.33 at 50% FC. The two accessions with the lowest photosynthetic rates were Super 1 and WR with 8,618090455 and 8,158083096 µmol m−2 s−1, respectively. The three highest photosynthetic rates were shown by Suri 3 (14.32254207 µmol m−2 s−1), Jagung Rote (15.37299675 µmol m−2 s−1), and UPCA (11.87406017 µmol m−2 s−1). Sorghum with the lowest biomass production were Buleleng Empok (26.61 g plant−1) and the highest was WR (57.17 g plant−1). The lowest plant height was UPCA and the highest was Suri 4. We concluded that Jagung Rote and Suri 3 were the most tolerant sorghum accessions to drought according to their leaf water potentials and photosynthetic rates.
Selected nutmeg parent trees from nutmeg population in Bogor: Their fruit yield, essential oil content, and morphological characteristics
Authors: Rostiana O , Arlianti T , Purwiyanti S , Ruhnayat A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Indonesia has been a long-time well known as high quality of nutmeg. Nutmeg is native to Indonesia, with an origin in the Maluku islands. Then, spread out and scattered into other parts of Indonesia. Bogor is one of the nutmeg production centers in West Java with a wide range of products. However, there have been no scientific studies that provide a complete picture of the genetic identity of Bogor Nutmeg. The research aimed to identify the main morphological character and fruit quality components for selecting candidates of selected parent trees of the Bogor population nutmeg, to be promoted as a new superior variety. Mass positive selection was used to identify established parent trees by observing the main morphological characters, production, and quality. Results confirmed that the selected parent tree of Bogor nutmeg had fulfilled the technical requirement as the candidate of new superior varieties for fruit yield (> 5000 grains/tree/year), essential oil content (>20%), and myristicin (>10%), which were varied according to the age of the fruit. The nutmeg population in Bogor is characterized by the size and shape of round or oval fruit, the size, and shape of lanceolate or oblong leaves.
Ethnomycological knowledge and nutritional properties of edible mushroom Kulat Siau (Hygrocybe conica) in Central Kalimantan
Authors: Santosa P B , Yuwati T W , Hakim S S , Hidayat A , Turjaman M , Suhartono E 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Wild edible mushroom is one of the non-timber forest products that is important to the forest ecosystems. Locally known as Kulat Siau, Hygrocybe conica is one of the wild-edible mushrooms from the peatland ecosystem. In this study, we conducted a survey with the community about the identification, foraging activity, utilization, and economic value of H. conica. Proximate analysis was also carried out to determine the nutritional content of this mushroom. The results of the study show that some local people still do foraging activity to get this mushroom and sold it to the local market. Hence, this means that this non-timber forest product has economic value for the community who lives near to the forest. This mushroom is mostly harvested in secondary peat forest. As a food, H. conica is quite popular and can be processed into various menus. The proximate analysis result showed that the mushroom had a high dietary fibre and vegetable protein. In addition, it also contains antioxidants and vitamin C which is good for maintaining body health.
Study on the customs and ecological protection consciousness of Naxi nationality in Lijiang
Authors: Deng Chenkang , Xue Xiaoming , Gao Zexun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Naxi is a unique minority nationality in the southwest border area of China. With its unique national harmonious and traditional customs, the Naxi has gradually formed the concept of development with the surrounding ethnic groups, and has strong customs and habits of being grateful to nature and living in harmony with nature. This paper studies the significance of Naxi people’s natural customs for ecological environment protection by means of literature collection, visiting and questionnaire survey. The results of the study and survey data show that naxi sacrifice natural customs, funeral culture and water source protection have strong ecological protection consciousness and behavior, The local people have a high understanding of traditional customs in cognition and maintenance, which has formed a good demonstration effect on the cultivation of ecological protection consciousness of tourists and non-native population. Therefore, maintaining and carrying forward the excellent national culture of Naxi is of great reference significance for minority areas to practice Xi Jinping’s idea of ecological civilization, protect the ecological environment and build a beautiful China. It also has a worldwide demonstration significance for the ecological environment protection of Lijiang, the world famous city where the Naxi lives.
Study On The Reliability Improvement Of The Control Of The Main Feed Pump In The Second Circuit Of Nuclear Power Plants
Authors: Wan Tian , Tang Lei , Zhao Zhiling , Liu Shuai , Gan Changxian , Fu Jiang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
There is a safety hazard in the interlock control logic of the second circuit electric main feed pump of the CPR1000 nuclear power unit. When the unit is operating at full power, if the speed of an operating pump suddenly drops below 3950 rpm or if the pump outlet pressure suddenly drops but does not reach the pump trip threshold, the standby pump cannot be automatically interlocked to start. If the standby pump is not started in time, it will cause the unit to overpower the first circuit or even trip the reactor. In this paper, the control strategy of the second circuit electric main feed pump is analysed and demonstrated, and after simulation tests, a feasible improvement plan is proposed, which effectively improves the control reliability of the second circuit electric main feed pump in nuclear power plants.
Study on Reservoir Heterogeneity in Block S
Authors: Wang Liping 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Based on core analysis and testing and logging interpretation data, this paper studies the interlayer heterogeneity and plane heterogeneity of the reservoir, and establishes a set of evaluations for calculating the interlayer and plane heterogeneity of Fuyang oil layer. Standard, draw contour maps of 5 parameters and 12 main force layers. The results showed that 77% of the small layers with interlayer heterogeneity showed strong heterogeneity, and 23% showed moderate heterogeneity or homogeneity. 80% of the plane heterogeneity of the small layer is strong heterogeneity, and 20% is strong heterogeneity.
Microbiological treatment of iridium-containing organic wastewater
Authors: Li Dongyun , Li Qian , Li Yong , Wang Liming , Dong Haigang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Biodegradation of iridium-containing organic wastewater and simulated wastewater by different strains was studied in this paper. By qualitative and quantitative analysis of each organic component in the wastewater and determination of the content of total organic carbon in the organic wastewater, the decomposition effect of microorganisms on organic materials in the iridium containing organic wastewater was discussed. The results showed that the decomposition effect of the combined bacteria was better. In the simulated wastewater system, the degradation rate of the three strains of LA-2, LB-1 and LZ-1 reached about 95%, and in the actual wastewater system, the degradation rate of the combination of LA-2 and LZ-1 reached about 49%. The results show that microorganisms can effectively degrade organic pollutants and are environmentally friendly, which proves the feasibility of biodegradation of organic matter in iridium-containing organic wastewater.
Struvite as seed materials for treatment of heavy metals in wastewater
Authors: Zhangchen Ruobing , Liu Wanning , Guan Qian , Ji Haiyan , Li Yingpeng , Zhang Jiefei , Song Jiatian , Zhong Yun , Zhou Lei 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Heavy metals (HMs) in the pollutants once discharge into nature without treatment, will easy to destroy the ecological balance. Crystallization is used as a feasible technology for treatment of HMs from wastewater owing to the advantage of obtaining the high purity struvite product, which used as a slow-release fertilizer. After experiments, the results revealed that struvite has a certain feasibility as a seed material to minimize HMs from wastewater. When the condition of pH was 9.5, usage of 2.5g struvite could achieve the removal efficiency of about 95%. The XRD pattern and SEM image analyzed that struvite removes HMs mainly through surface collapse as the adsorption or nucleation growth site for HMs adhering, thereby achieving the aim of removing HMs. This experiment can provide a new channel for the removal of HMs from real wastewater in the future application.
Adsorption of Heavy Metal Ions Copper, Cadmium and Nickel by Microcystis aeruginosa
Authors: Zeng Guoming , He Sijie , Wu Jinliang , Sun Da , Lin Mengyi , Fu Xixian , Tang Longqing , He Yu 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this study, the average removal rate of cadmium, copper and nickel ions was used as the response value. The initial concentration of heavy metal, culture temperature and initial pH were used as the influencing factors. The response surface experiment was carried out by Box-Benhnken’s central combination design. Based on this, a quadratic regression equation prediction model was established, and the optimal process conditions for the treatment of three heavy metal ions by Microcystis aeruginosa were obtained. Based on the above experimental results, under the optimal conditions for the removal of three metal ions by Microcystis aeruginosa, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to obtain the changes of surface morphology of algal cells before and after removal of heavy metals by algae cells; fourier infrared was used. Combined with the above physical and chemical indicators, the adsorption kinetics model was used to comprehensively analyze and infer the mechanism of treatment of heavy metal ions by Microcystis aeruginosa, and the actual metal wastewater was collected to verify.
Delimiting Ecological Space and Simulating its Dominant functions in the Perspective of Dynamic Changes in Ecosystem Service Functions: A Case Study in the Qionglai City of Sichuan Province, China
Authors: Wu Nengjun , Li Yuanxi , Ou Dinghua , Zhang Rui , Yang Ziheng , Zhang Qi , Gong Shangqi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Demarcating the ecological space scientifically and predicting the spatial change trend of the dominant ecosystem service functions reasonably are of great significance for demarcating the ecological red line, optimizing the pattern of ecological space and promoting the high-quality development of economic and social. This study took Qionglai City as the research area and utilized land-use, satellite remote sensing and other data to demarcate the ecological space from the perspective of the dynamic changes of ecosystem service functions with the support of ESRI ArcGIS and IDRISI. And then we applied the Markov-CA model to simulate the spatial pattern of the dominant ecosystem service functions for the ecological space in 2025 with integrating the change characteristics of the dominant ecosystem service functions. The results showed that: (1) The dynamic change characteristics of ecosystem service functions were obvious. The critical value of comprehensive function value and average annual change rate of ecosystem service functions were 6 and 5% respectively. (2) The ecological space area was 98307hm2, which was intensively distributed in the western and central south of the city. Its distribution was consistent with the ecological space range in the local ecological civilization construction plan, which indicated that the ecological space delineation method based on the dynamics of ecosystem service functions is reliable. (3) The dominant ecosystem service functions had shifted and showed strong non-stationarity during 2003-2019, so the dynamicity of the dominant ecosystem service functions should be fully considered in the ecological space zoning management and other related planning. (4) The Markov-CA model was of high simulation accuracy (Kappa coefficient > 0.95), and the simulation results were consistent with the regional ecological function zoning basically. Therefore, the model can be applied to simulate the spatial layout of dominant ecosystem service functions for ecological space in the future. (5) The dominant ecosystem service functions in Qionglai will still undergo mutual conversions during 2019-2025. The ecological space will still maintain the three dominant functions including primary product production, climate regulation and hydrological regulation in 2025, but the area of them will change into 32793hm2, 52490hm2 and 13024hm2 respectively.
Green synthesis of antimicrobial silver nanoparticles with Brassicaceae seeds
Authors: Perveen Rehana , Shujaat Shahida , Naz Misbah , Qureshi Muhammad Zahid , Nawaz Shaista , Shahzad Khurram , Ikram Muhammad 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHerein, we demonstrate a facile and green route for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from silver nitrate and seed extracts of different vegetable seeds ofBrassicaceaefamily. All the nanocomposites were fully characterized in the solid-state via various techniques such UV–vis spectrophotometer (UV–Vis); x-ray diffraction (XRD), High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry. The experimental parameters such as variation in seeds extract concentration, temperature, stirring time and pH were noted and optimum condition of concentration (20 ml), temperature (80 °C) and pH 8.5 was selected for the synthesis of NPs. Optical absorbance of AgNPs at ≈425 nm indicated the formation of metallic silver through surface plasmon resonance. The successful capping of biological macromolecules was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. XRD pattern depicted the formation of face-centered cubic silver nano-composite with average crystal size ranges from ≈14–20 nm. Bio-synthesized Ag nanoparticles showed enhanced antibacterial potential against gram-positive (B. safensis,B. subtilis,B. pumilisandS. aureus) and negative gram (E. coliandS.typhi) strains by disc diffusion method. Highest antimicrobial activity was given by sample S3 (17 mm) against B. pumiliswhereas, sample S2 and S5 also showed significant bactericidal potential against B. pumilisthat is 15 mm. While highest zone of inhibition for sample S1 and S4 is 14 mm.
An Energy Internet for India: are we ready for a technology leapfrogging?
Authors: Joseph Akhil , Balachandra Patil 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Globally, national electricity systems are amid aggressive transitions. The shift from large fossil-fuel based power systems to many small-scale distributed renewable energy systems is a favourable paradigm for a transition to the Energy Internet. Relying on wide spectrum of emerging technologies such as information & communication technologies, the Energy Internet facilitates real-time trade of power through bidirectional flows of electricity, communication, and money. Energy transitions in India are at a fast pace and further transformation to an Energy Internet is an achievable dream. Current structure of expedited energy transition is experienced in the form of transformation in business models of energy utility service companies and energy markets. The objective of this paper is to systematically assess the ongoing transitions, the challenges and the opportunities and examine whether India is ready to leapfrog into a new way of energy transactions which will gradually transform the present electricity system to an Energy Internet. Our findings elaborate a reality check on India’s current transition pathways and answer the question: can an Energy Internet become real in near future?
TimiRGeN: R/Bioconductor package for time series microRNA–mRNA integration and analysis
Authors: Patel K , Chandrasegaran S , Clark I M , Proctor C J , Young D A , Shanley D P 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Motivation
The analysis of longitudinal datasets and construction of gene regulatory networks (GRNs) provide a valuable means to disentangle the complexity of microRNA (miRNA)–mRNA interactions. However, there are no computational tools that can integrate, conduct functional analysis and generate detailed networks from longitudinal miRNA–mRNA datasets.

Results
We present TimiRGeN, an R package that uses time point-based differential expression results to identify miRNA–mRNA interactions influencing signaling pathways of interest. miRNA–mRNA interactions can be visualized in R or exported to PathVisio or Cytoscape. The output can be used for hypothesis generation and directing in vitro or further in silico work such as GRN construction.

Availability and implementation
TimiRGeN is available for download on Bioconductor (https://bioconductor.org/packages/TimiRGeN) and requires R v4.0.2 or newer and BiocManager v3.12 or newer.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
A novel tumor suppressor role of myosin light chain kinase splice variants through downregulation of the TEAD4/CD44 axis
Authors: Huang Yen-Ju , Lee Tsung-Chun , Pai Yu-Chen , Lin Been-Ren , Turner Jerrold R , Yu Linda Chia-Hui 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) regulates actinomyosin contraction. Two splice variants of long MLCK are expressed in epithelial cells and divergently regulate gut barrier functions; reduced MLCK levels in human colorectal cancers (CRC) with unclarified significance have been reported. CRC are solid tumors clonally sustained by stem cells highly expressing CD44 and CD133. The aim was to investigate the role of MLCK splice variants in CRC tumorigenesis. We found lower MLCK1/2 and higher CD44 expression in human CRC, but no change in CD133 or LGR5. Large-scale bioinformatics showed an inverse relationship between MYLK and CD44 in human sample gene datasets. A 3-fold increased tumor burden was observed in MLCK(−/−) mice compared with wild-type (WT) mice in a chemical-induced CRC model. Primary tumorspheres derived from the MLCK(−/−) mice displayed larger sizes and higher CD44 transcript levels than those from the WT mice. Bioinformatics revealed binding of TEAD4 (a transcriptional enhancer factor family member in the Hippo pathway) to CD44 promoter, which was confirmed by luciferase reporter assay. Individually expressing MLCK1 and MLCK2 variants in the MLCK-knockout (KO) Caco-2 cells inhibited the nuclear localization of TEAD4 cofactors, VGLL3 and YAP1, respectively, and both variants reduced the CD44 transcription. Accelerated cell cycle transit was observed in the MLCK-KO cells, whereby expression of MLCK1/2 variants counterbalanced the cell hyperproliferation. In conclusion, MLCK1/2 variants are novel tumor suppressors by downregulating the TEAD4/CD44 axis via reducing nuclear translocation of distinct transcriptional coactivators. The reduction of epithelial MLCKs, especially isoform 2, may drive cancer stemness and tumorigenesis.