bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The chicken or the egg: Longitudinal changes in pain and catastrophizing in women with interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome
Authors: Crawford Alison , Muere Abi , Tripp Dean A. , Nickel J. Curtis , Doiron R. Christopher , Moldwin Robert , Katz Laura 
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Evidence-based psychological strategies are being used as clinicians look for helpful interventions for patients diagnosed with the enigmatic chronic urological pelvic pain condition of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS). Pain and pain catastrophizing are associated with chronic pelvic pain outcomes but the longitudinal role of catastrophizing on patient pain in IC/BPS remains unknown.
Methods: Women with IC/BPS were recruited from tertiary care clinics across North America and completed a battery of questionnaires, including demographics, pain, depression, catastrophizing at baseline, six months, and one year.
Results: A total of 226 patients completed baseline, 183 completed the six-month survey, and 151 completed the one-year survey. Using a cross-lagged analysis, early changes in pain catastrophizing predicted later changes in pain, but not vice versa. Followup subscale analyses revealed that early changes in magnification predicted later changes in pain, early changes in pain predicted later changes in rumination, and that there was a recursive relationship between changes in helplessness and changes in pain across the study.
Conclusions: Pain catastrophizing should be considered a prime target in psychological treatment for chronic pain in patients with IC/BPS, particularly those thinking styles associated with pain onset and maintenance. Future research should be conducted with constructs such as pain catastrophizing in samples prioritizing diversity of patients with IC/BPS and mechanisms as to how to effectively decrease catastrophizing.
Rechterlijke toetsing van regelgeving
Authors: Evers G.J.M. , de Poorter J.C.A. 
Published: March 2021

Rechterlijke toetsing van regelgeving. Wat is de betekenis van recente ontwikkelingen in de rechtspraak voor de wetgevingspraktijk van de bestuurswetgever?
Het artikel handelt over de gewijzigde jurisprudentie inzake de exceptieve toetsing van algemeen verbindende voorschriften aan rechtsbeginselen. De rechter kan algemeen verbindende voorschriften nu zonder willekeursluis toetsen aan algemene rechtsbeginselen. In principe zou dit ertoe kunnen leiden dat de rechtmatigheid van wetgeving nauwgezetter wordt beoordeeld en de onrechtmatigheid daarvan vaker zou kunnen worden uitgesproken. De auteurs gaan daarbij in op de vraag of bestuurswetgeving deze indringendere wijze van toetsing kan doorstaan. Zij bepleiten het vastleggen van heldere wettelijke eisen betreffende de kwaliteit van wetgeving. Het ontwikkelen van algemene normen voor bestuurswetgeving kan niet aan de rechter alleen worden overgelaten
Indringender rechterlijke toetsing van AVV
Authors: van Heusden L.A. 
Published: March 2021

Indringender rechterlijke toetsing van AVV. Over de processuele consequenties
Als de bestuursrechter algemeen verbindende voorschriften voortaan indringender toetst door de zogenoemde ‘evidence base’ ervan te toetsen, waar loopt hij dan tegenaan in de praktijk? De processuele consequenties van een dergelijke toetsing worden in dit artikel beschreven. Specifiek wordt ingezoomd op het bestuursrechtelijke uitgangspunt van ex-tunctoetsing, het ambtshalve aanvullen van de rechtsgronden en de partijstelling. De auteur concludeert dat ondanks de primaire focus van het bestuursprocesrecht op individuele geschilbeslechting, de Awb evidence base-toetsing mogelijk maakt. Om die toetsing in de praktijk aan effect te doen winnen, is echter ook de wetgever nodig.
Begrotingswetgeving: vragen bij het wetsvereiste
Authors: Van Lochem P.J.P.M. 
Published: March 2021

Begrotingswetgeving: vragen bij het wetsvereiste
De vele begrotingswijzigingen ten behoeve van de bestrijding van de coronapandemie en de compensatie van de nadelen ervan hebben geleid tot een nog grotere wetgevingsproductie. De vraag is of de voor begrotingsbeslissingen grondwettelijk voorgeschreven wetsvorm nog wel past bij de huidige betekenis en invulling van het parlementaire budgetrecht. Bij de huidige begrotingsbehandeling handelt de Kamer ritueel en stelt zich niet op als medewetgever, vooral door aan de regering over te laten hoe de voorstellen, neergelegd in moties en amendementen, financieel moeten worden gedekt. Overigens maakt de Kamer gedurende het begrotingsjaar geen enkel gebruik van haar initiatiefrecht. Zolang van medewetgeven geen sprake (meer) is, kan het wetsvereiste voor begrotingsbeslissingen vervallen.
Orde door recht in de Republiek Nagorno-Karabach
Authors: Karapetian G. 
Published: March 2021

Orde door recht in de Republiek Nagorno-Karabach
Deze bijdrage gaat over de rol van institutionalisering in het staatsvormingsproces van Nagorno-Karabach. In het bijzonder wordt aandacht besteed aan verschillende constitutionele regelingen die hebben bijgedragen aan het staatsvormingsproces van Nagorno-Karabach
Maatwerk en andere toverwoorden van een nieuw wetgevingsbeleid
Authors: Meuwese A.C.M. 
Published: March 2021

Maatwerk en andere toverwoorden van een nieuw wetgevingsbeleid
Maatwerk, doenbaarheid, uitvoerbaarheid, conflictbeperking en vereenvoudiging zijn uitgangspunten uit hedendaagse debatten over wetgevingskwaliteit. Elk van deze uitgangspunten staat voor een mogelijk accent binnen het wetgevingsbeleid. De auteur betoogt dat het onmogelijk is om al deze uitgangspunten tegelijkertijd te bedienen en pleit voor een wetgevingstoetsing die uitgaat van trade-offs.
Der papierene Brief, der elektronische Brief (E-Mail) und deren Stellung und Sprache(n) in der internen Kommunikation multinationaler Unternehmen in Tschechien.
Authors: Šichová Kateřina 
Published: March 2021

Der Aufsatz beschäftigt sich mit der internen schriftlichen Kommunikation in multinationalen (deutsch-tschechischen) Unternehmen in Tschechien. Der Fokus liegt auf dem Medium Brief (klassischer Brief, E-Mail). Mit dem Aufkommen und der raschen Etablierung der elektronischen Post änderte sich die Rolle des klassischen (papierenen) Briefs. Die E-Mails spielen nicht nur in der privaten, sondern auch in der geschäftlichen Kommunikation eine wesentliche Rolle und weisen (z. B. aufgrund des beinahe zeitgleichen Sendens und Empfangens) einige sprachliche Unterschiede im Vergleich zum klassischen Brief auf (mediale vs. konzeptionelle Schriftlichkeit bzw. Mündlichkeit). Auch im Hinblick auf die verwendeten (Fremd)sprachen oder die Übersetzung der Inhalte unterliegen die E-Mails anderen Strategien und nehmen eine andere Stellung in der innerbetrieblichen Kommunikation ein. Die Aussagen im Aufsatz stützen sich auf empirische Daten aus der Wirtschaft.
Zur Theorie der Poetik des Raumes in tschechischen und deutschen Märchen.
Authors: Ledinská Šárka 
Published: March 2021

Den Schwerpunkt des vorliegenden Artikels bildet ein gegenwärtig viel beachtetes Thema der literarischen Theorie – die Poetik des Raumes in Märchen. Die Poetik des Raumes erweitert u. a. die Möglichkeiten der Interpretation literarischer Texte. Ziel des Beitrags ist es, auf Basis der Ergebnisse einer Diplomarbeit („Poetika prostoru v českých a německých pohádkách“ 2012) den Umfang des Begriffs ,Poetik des Raumes‘ detailliert zu analysieren, ihn gegen den Begriff ,Poetik des Werkes‘ abzugrenzen, eine langjährige Prämisse der Beziehung der Poetik des Raumes zur Poetik des Werkes in Frage zu stellen und Hinweise zur möglichen Verwendung der erbrachten Untersuchungsergebnisse im DaF-Unterricht zu geben.
Kant’s Pre-critical Ontology and Environmental Philosophy
Authors: Vereb Zachary ,   International Association for Environmental Philosophy
Published: March 2021

In this paper I argue that Kant’s pre-critical ontology, though generally dismissed by environmental philosophers, provides ecological lessons by way of its metaphysical affinities with environmental philosophy. First, I reference where environmental philosophy tends to place Kant and highlight his relative marginalization. This marginalization makes sense given focus on his critical works. I then outline Kant’s pre-critical ontological framework and characterize the ways in which it is ecological. Finally, I conclude with some ecological reflections on the pre-critical philosophy and its possible relevance for contemporary environmental issues.
Whistle-Blowing Systems in the Indonesian Ministry of Health: An Evidence of Health Law Reform in Developing Country
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad , Rizqulloh Lutfiyah , Haikal . , Isworo Slamet 
Published: March 2021

Background and Objectives: The current whistleblowing system has not been proven to help limit unethical behavior in organizations. This study examines the influence of the whistleblowing system in the Ministry of Health's civil servants on organizational commitment, organizational culture, whistleblower protection, professional attitudes, internal reporting, external reporting, anonymity, and use of hotlines.
Methodology: This research was conducted at the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. This study used a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. Sampling was carried out using probability sampling techniques with proportional random sampling. The sample population consisted of 98 people at the Directorate General of Health Development, Human Resources Development and Empowerment of the Ministry of Health, the Directorate General of Disease Control and Prevention, and the Directorate General of Pharmacy and Health. Data analysis was performed using chi-square and logistic regression.
Results: The results obtained indicate that the intentions of State Civil Servants within the Ministry of Health are related to their perceptions of professionalism and internal reporting.
Conclusion: The employees' perceptions of external and anonymous reporting are not related to the purpose of the whistleblowing system for employees of the Ministry of Health's State Civil Apparatus.
Suggestion: It is recommended that the Inspectorate General of the Ministry of Health move the reporting mechanism into the Ministry of Health Whistleblowing System application for easy access so that the Inspectorate General establishes standard operating procedures on legal protection and clarification for whistleblowers.
Determinants of Water-funded Projects in Mitigating Water Risks in Vihiga County, Kenya
Authors: Oketch James M. , Mugalavai Edward M. , Nyandiko Nicodemus O. 
Published: March 2021

Currently, 85 per cent of the world’s human population lives in the drier half of the Earth, which exacerbates the water risks including lack of access to safe water, poor basic sanitation and water-related disasters and diseases. Vihiga County is located in the western region of Kenya (former western province). The county covers a total area of 531.0 Km2. This paper examines the impact of water related risks on the livelihood of residents in Vihiga County. The study used evaluation research design. A sample size of 384 households was used to obtain data from the households. Sampling technique comprised of multistage sampling for the households, Quota sampling for the Focus Group Discussions and purposive sampling for the Key Informants. Primary data was gathered by use of questionnaires, Key Informant Interview guides, observation checklists and Focus Group Discussions. Secondary data was collected by use of publications, journals, and internet access. Quantitative data was analysed using Microsoft excel, and Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) version 20.0. Results reveal that majority of the household respondents had experienced different forms of water related risks including, water pollution at 42%, inadequate water infrastructure 32%, poor water governance 10%, water scarcity 7% and environmental flows at 4% respectively. The study established that the existing Water Funded Projects (WFPs) initiatives include protected water springs at 31%, water kiosks 21%, boreholes at 18%, open wells 14 %, rain water harvesting at 12% while 4% of household respondents had piped water. The results (X25, 0.05=69.76; p-value=0.000) indicating that Water Funded Projects (WFPs) initiatives have positively influenced reduction in water related risks.
Literature Review on Epidemiological Modelling, Spatial Modelling and Artificial Intelligence for COVID-19
Authors: Saraee Danial , Silva Charith 
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Following the outbreak of Coronavirus (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China in December 2019, the World Health Organisation (WHO) has declared this infectious disease as a pandemic. Unlike previous infectious outbreaks such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle Eastern Respiratory syndrome (MERS), the high transmission rate of COVID-19 has resulted in worldwide spread. The countries with the highest recorded incidence and mortality rates are the US and UK.
Rationale/Objective: This review will compare studies that have used epidemiological models for disease forecasting and other models that have identified sociodemographic factors associated with COVID-19. We will evaluate several models, from basic equation-based mathematical models to more advanced machine-learning ones. Our expectation is that by identifying high impact models used by policy makers and discussing their limitations, we can identify possible areas for future research.
Evidence Review: The bibliographic database google scholar was used to search keywords such as ‘COVID-19’, ‘epidemiological modelling’ and ‘machine learning’. We examined data review articles, research studies and government-released articles.
Results: We identified that the current SEIR model used by the UK government lacked the spatial modelling to enable an accurate prediction of disease spread. We discussed that machine-learning systems which can identify high-risk groups can be used to establish the disparities in COVID-19 death in BAME groups. We found that most of the data hungry AI models used were limited by the lack of datasets available.
Conclusion: In conclusion, advances in AI methods for infectious disease have overcome challenges presented in mathematical models. Whilst limitations do exist, when optimised, these highly advanced models have a great potential in public health surveillance, particularly infectious disease transmission.
Prevalence and Pattern of Modern Contraceptive Choices among Women of Reproductive Age 15-49 Years in a Community Health Facility: An Eight Year Retrospective Study
Authors: Damilola Akinwale Oladayo , Olufunke Akinbade Musiliat , Deborah Ogunsina Ibukunoluwa , Adebowale Akinwale Akinwumi 
Published: March 2021

Aims: Utilization of modern contraception to prevent pregnancies is a unique health intervention as unplanned pregnancies expose women to additional health risks and lifetime risk of maternal mortality by increasing the number of lifetime pregnancies and deliveries. This study therefore aims at evaluating the prevalence and pattern of modern contraceptive choices among women of reproductive age and to identify the most commonly used modern contraceptives.
Study Design: Retrospective study carried out at family planning clinic of Community Health Centre, Osun State University Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, South-West Nigeria between January 2013 to December 2020.
Methodology: The clients who had attended family planning clinic for modern contraceptive services during the period of eight (8) years were identified from clinic register. Their case files were retrieved and relevant data extracted with the use of standardized pro forma. Two hundred and twenty-two (222) case notes were available and suitable for analysis. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics of chi square and ANOVA.
Results: The result revealed highest prevalence of modern contraceptive utilization among young women with slight increase in rate of utilization as the age increases and decreases with older age. The most commonly utilized methods of contraception were Injectables: Noristerat and Depo-Provera; and IUCD. Result further showed significant relationship between age, number of children alive, breastfeeding status and desire to have more children and choice of modern contraceptive (P- value < 0.000).
Conclusion: Utilization of modern contraceptives can be improved through adequate public health education, thus, this study recommended that health education should be intensified at antenatal clinic, infant welfare clinic, religious places, market places and any place of public gathering.
Protective and Antitumor Effects of Oxidal and Pyrucet in Hamsters with Experimental Graffi Tumor
Authors: Toshkova Reneta , Ignatov Ignat , Gluhchev Georgi , Dinkov Georgi 
Published: March 2021

The use of combination drug therapy instead of monotherapy is a new positive and promising approach in the treatment of cancer. Oxidal® and Pyrucet® are food supplements containing Methylene blue (USP), Caffeine (USP), Salicylic acid (USP) and Ethyl Acetoacetate and Ethyl Pyruvate respectively. The therapeutic significance of each of these compounds (their derivatives) is well established, but no data are available on their combined action in in vivo experimental tumor models.
The aim of the present study was to investigate the in vivo protective effect of mono- and combined experimental therapy with dietary supplements Oxidal® and Pyrucet® in the Graffi myeloid tumor model in hamsters. For this purpose, the two drugs were administered alone or in combination in two treatment regimens - prophylactic (before) and therapeutic (simultaneously) with the transplantation of Graffi tumor cells. The protective effect was determined by the biometric parameters of tumor growth (transplantability, tumor size, mortality, mean survival time, survival rate) recorded during the experiment. The results showed a favorable effect of both drugs, administered alone or in combination, before and simultaneously with the transplantation of tumor cells on the appearance and development of Graffi tumor in hamsters. About 2-fold lower transplantability, prolongation of the latency period by 7 days, inhibition of tumor growth till 30thday of experiments, reduced mortality and increased individual and overall survival time between 7 to 10 days were observed in the Graffi tumor-bearing hamsters with experimental therapy compared to control-Graffi tumor-bearing hamsters, without therapy. The obtained data revealed that Oxidal® and Pyrucet® could be a promising candidate for the treatment of tumor diseases.
Assessment of the Patterns of Exercise and Diet Intake among the Pregnant and Pre-pregnant Women Reported at Gynae OPD Civil Hospital Khairpur, Sindh, Pakistan
Authors: Pathan Nusrat Fozia , Unar Fozia , Noor Bushra , Shaikh Farheen , Ain Qurat ul , Shaikh Rehnaz , Ahmer Arslan 
Published: March 2021

Objectives: The objective of this study is to assess the patterns of exercise and diet intake among the pregnant and pre pregnant women visiting the Gynae OPD Civil Hospital Khairpur, Sindh, Pakistan.
Methodology: This is a descriptive cross sectional study conducted at the Gynae OPD Civil Hospital Khairpur, Sindh, Pakistan, from November 2020 to January 2021. A well-structured questionnaire was introduced to collect the study data and consent was taken. Sample size was calculated by Slovin’s Formula which was 400 with 95% confidence level and 5% margin of error. Results were analyzed by using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) software version 23. Results: Results reported that, out of 400 women, during pregnancy 304 were not having gestational diabetes, before pregnancy 348 women did not exercise. It was also found that out of 322 having normal range of Body Mass Index (BMI) during pregnancy 36 of participants performed exercise, before pregnancy 40 performed the exercise, during pregnancy 256 did the household work, during pregnancy 42 followed the special diet.
Conclusion: It was concluded that women who visited the OPD do not exercise properly and do not take proper diet before and during pregnancy because of inadequate awareness of role of exercise and diet for pregnancy.
Fusing Stretchable Sensing Technology with Machine Learning for Human–Machine Interfaces
Authors: Wang Ming , Wang Ting , Luo Yifei , He Ke , Pan Liang , Li Zheng , Cui Zequn , Liu Zhihua , Tu Jiaqi , Chen Xiaodong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSensors and algorithms are two fundamental elements to construct intelligent systems. The recent progress in machine learning (ML) has produced great advancements in intelligent systems, owing to the powerful data analysis capability of ML algorithms. However, the performance of most systems is still hindered by sensing techniques that typically rely on rigid and bulky sensor devices, which cannot conform to irregularly curved and dynamic surfaces for high‐quality data acquisition. Skin‐like stretchable sensing technology with unique characteristics, such as high conformability, low modulus, and light weight, has been recently developed to solve this issue. Here, the recent progress in the fusion of emerging stretchable electronics and ML technology, for bioelectrical signal recognition, tactile perception, and multimodal integration is summarized, and the challenges and future developments are further discussed. These efforts aim to accelerate various perception and reasoning tasks for advanced intelligent applications, such as human–machine interfaces, healthcare, and robotics.
Mixed Conduction in an N‐Type Organic Semiconductor in the Absence of Hydrophilic Side‐Chains
Authors: Surgailis Jokubas , Savva Achilleas , Druet Victor , Paulsen Bryan D. , Wu Ruiheng , Hamidi‐Sakr Amer , Ohayon David , Nikiforidis Georgios , Chen Xingxing , McCulloch Iain , Rivnay Jonathan , Inal Sahika 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOrganic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are the building blocks of biosensors, neuromorphic devices, and complementary circuits. One rule in the materials design for OECTs is the inclusion of a hydrophilic component in the chemical structure to enable ion transport in the film. Here, it is shown that the ladder‐type, side‐chain free polymer poly(benzimidazobenzophenanthroline) (BBL) performs significantly better in OECTs than the donor–acceptor type copolymer bearing hydrophilic ethylene glycol side chains (P‐90). A combination of electrochemical techniques reveals that BBL exhibits a more efficient ion‐to‐electron coupling and higher OECT mobility than P‐90. In situ atomic force microscopy scans evidence that BBL, which swells negligibly in electrolytes, undergoes a drastic and permanent change in morphology upon electrochemical doping. In contrast, P‐90 substantially swells when immersed in electrolytes and shows moderate morphology changes induced by dopant ions. Ex situ grazing incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering suggests that the particular packing of BBL crystallites is minimally affected after doping, in contrast to P‐90. BBL's ability to show exceptional mixed transport is due to the crystallites’ connectivity, which resists water uptake. This side chain‐free route for the design of mixed conductors could bring the n‐type OECT performance closer to the bar set by their p‐type counterparts.