bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unconfined Compressive Strength of Rehabilitated Road Base via Polymer-Modified Cold In-Place Recycling (CIPR)
Authors: Tan Poi-Cheong , Chan Chee-Ming 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Cold In-Place Recycling (CIPR) is a road maintenance technology, which chemically stabilize, recycle and improve existing asphalt concrete together with road base underneath. Cement is the most common chemical for CIPR adopted in Malaysia. However, shrinkage crack remains as unresolved technical drawback of cement stabilization, road practitioners are always seeking alternative materials to replace cement in CIPR. A proprietary product, Polymer Modified Cementitious (PMC) chemical binder was identified as the research object to verify the suitability in CIPR application and to study the strength-gain over time, through laboratory testing. To replicate CIPR process, Crusher run (CR) and Recycled Asphalt Pavement (RAP) were mixed at various ratio to study the effect of CR to RAP ratio on strength gained; with PMC added in dosage between 2-4% per dry weight of the materials to compare strength gain at different dosage. Samples were compacted and cured for 7 days then subjected to Unconfined Compressive Test where the strength UCS (qu7) was recorded. Strength-gain over time from 1 day to 28 days, for a specific CR-RAP ratio at fixed PMC dosage was also studied. It was found that UCS was directly proportionate to PMC dosage and amount of CR component in the mixture. This study concluded that at various combination of CR-RAP ratio, with varying PMC dosage, minimum requirement of UCS (7-day) of 2 MPa for road base application specified by local authority is achievable. The correlation between strength and curing duration obtained serves as guideline to extrapolate long-term strength from short-term strength.
An 18 slot, 8-pole Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator for Small-Scale Wind Turbine Energy Conversion: Design, Fabrication, and Experiments
Authors: Damanik Natalina , Purba Sahrijal , Calle M. Al Roshady S. , Kurniawan M. Arie 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Compact permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSGs) for renewable energy conversion are required for remote areas. In this work, an 18-slot, 8-pole PMSG (18S8P PMSG) was designed and fabricated for small-scale wind turbine energy conversion. Finite element analysis was conducted to assess the magnetic flux density distribution of the 18S8P PMSG prototype. The simulation results showed that most of the magnetic flux values were within 0.4–1.5 T, which was well below the saturation level for 35JN360 material. The magnetic flux intensities of the stator and rotor cores were within the optimal magnetic permeability range of the 35JN360 material. There were seven steps involved in fabricating the 18S8P PMSG prototype: (1) material cutting, (2) burring, (3) stacking, (4) welding, (5) coil winding, (6) configuration wiring, and (7) assembling. The electromagnetic performance results showed that the back electromotive force voltage of the 18S8P PMSG prototype seemed to be proportional to the rotor speed, where KE
was 0.52 V·s/rad. The no load torque maximum of 18S8P PMSG is 1.7 N.m at 5000 rpm. The mechanical performance results showed that the highest power output (2500 W) was obtained for the 18S8P PMSG prototype at a rotor speed of 5000 rpm using the 20-Ω load model. The maximum efficiency of this prototype was 85.4%.
Orthopaedic physiotherapists’ perceptions of mechanisms for observed variation in the implementation of physiotherapy practices in the early postoperative phase after hip fracture: a UK qualitative study
Authors: Volkmer Brittannia , Sadler Euan , Lambe Kate , Martin Finbarr C , Ayis Salma , Beaupre Lauren , Cameron Ian D , Gregson Celia L , Johansen Antony , Kristensen Morten Tange , Magaziner Jay , Sackley Catherine , Smith Toby O , Sobolev Boris , Sheehan Katie J 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objective
to explore physiotherapists’ perceptions of mechanisms to explain observed variation in early postoperative practice after hip fracture surgery demonstrated in a national audit.

Methods
a qualitative semi-structured interview study of 21 physiotherapists working on orthopaedic wards at seven hospitals with different durations of physiotherapy during a recent audit. Thematic analysis of interviews drawing on Normalisation Process Theory to aid interpretation of findings.

Results
four themes were identified: achieving protocolised and personalised care; patient and carer engagement; multidisciplinary team engagement across the care continuum and strategies for service improvement. Most expressed variation from protocol was legitimate when driven by what is deemed clinically appropriate for a given patient. This tailored approach was deemed essential to optimise patient and carer engagement. Participants reported inconsistent degrees of engagement from the multidisciplinary team attributing this to competing workload priorities, interpreting ‘postoperative physiotherapy’ as a single professional activity rather than a care delivery approach, plus lack of integration between hospital and community care. All participants recognised changes needed at both structural and process levels to improve their services.

Conclusion
physiotherapists highlighted an inherent conflict between their intention to deliver protocolised care and allowing for an individual patient-tailored approach. This conflict has implications for how audit results should be interpreted, how future clinical guidelines are written and how physiotherapists are trained. Physiotherapists also described additional factors explaining variation in practice, which may be addressed through increased engagement of the multidisciplinary team and resources for additional staffing and advanced clinical roles.
Geographic Variability of Nodular Lymphocyte-Predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Xia Daniel , Sayed Shahin , Moloo Zahir , Gakinya Samuel M , Mutuiri Anderson , Wawire Jonathan , Okiro Patricia , Courville Elizabeth L , Hasserjian Robert P , Sohani Aliyah R 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL) differs from classic Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL) in terms of clinicopathologic features, including Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) association. CHL geographic variability is well known, with higher frequencies of mixed-cellularity subtype and EBV positivity in low/middle-income countries (LMICs), but there are few well-characterized series of NLPHL from LMICs.

Methods
We detail clinicopathologic findings of 21 NLPHL cases received in consultation from Kenya and summarize reports of NLPHL with EBV testing published since 2000.

Results
Median age of consultation cases was 36 years, and male/female ratio was 3.2. All cases involved peripheral lymph nodes and showed at least some B-cell–rich nodular immunoarchitecture, with prominent extranodular lymphocyte-predominant (LP) cells and T-cell–rich variant patterns most commonly seen. LP cells expressed pan–B-cell markers, including strong OCT2; lacked CD30 and CD15 expression in most cases; and were in a background of expanded/disrupted follicular dendritic cell meshworks and increased T-follicular helper cells. LP cells were EBV negative in 18 cases. Historical cases showed a low rate of EBV positivity with no significant difference between LMICs and high-income countries.

Conclusions
Unlike CHL, NLPHL shows few geographic differences in terms of clinicopathologic features and EBV association. These findings have implications for diagnosis, prognostication, and treatment of patients with NLPHL in LMICs.
Alcohol Consumption Is a Modifiable Risk Factor for Breast Cancer: Are Women Aware of This Relationship?
Authors: Agabio Roberta , Madeddu Clelia , Contu Paolo , Cosentino Sofia , Deiana Monica , Massa Elena , Mereu Alessandra , Politi Carola , Sardu Claudia , Sinclair Julia M A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Aims
Despite alcohol consumption being a dose-dependent risk factor for breast cancer, a recent study conducted in the UK found &lt;20% of women attending breast screening programmes were aware of this relationship and proposed proper information campaigns need to be conducted. We aimed to investigate the awareness of this relationship among a related sample of Italian women to evaluate whether similar information campaigns should also be conducted in Italy.

Methods
The questionnaire used by the UK study was translated into Italian, slightly modified for the Italian context, validated and submitted to a sample of Italian women.

Results
Overall 507 women were interviewed. Among them, 160 were classified as breast cancer screening attenders (SG), 44 as symptomatic breast clinic attenders (CAG) and 303 as non-screening group (NSG). Alcohol was correctly identified as a risk factor for breast cancer by 16.9, 11.4 and 14.9% of participants of SG, CAG and NSG, respectively without differences between the three groups. Despite the methodological differences, the rates of participants who correctly identified alcohol as a risk factor among women attending breast screening programmes were surprisingly similar between the study conducted in UK (15.7%) and the present study (16.9%).

Conclusion
The results of the present study confirm the limited awareness of the relationship between alcohol consumption and risk of developing breast cancer among women and suggest the urgent need to conduct proper awareness-raising campaigns to counter this in the Italian female population.
Incidental Verbal Semantic Processing Recruits the Fronto-temporal Semantic Control Network
Authors: Jedidi Z , Manard M , Balteau E , Degueldre C , Luxen A , Phillips C , Collette F , Maquet P , Majerus S 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe frontoparietal semantic network, encompassing the inferior frontal gyrus and the posterior middle temporal cortex, is considered to be involved in semantic control processes. The explicit versus implicit nature of these control processes remains however poorly understood. The present study examined this question by assessing regional brain responses to the semantic attributes of an unattended stream of auditory words while participants’ top–down attentional control processes were absorbed by a demanding visual search task. Response selectivity to semantic aspects of verbal stimuli was assessed via a functional magnetic resonance imaging response adaptation paradigm. We observed that implicit semantic processing of an unattended verbal stream recruited not only unimodal and amodal cortices in posterior supporting semantic knowledge areas, but also inferior frontal and posterior middle temporal areas considered to be part of the semantic control network. These results indicate that frontotemporal semantic networks support incidental semantic (control) processes.
A Cortical Surface-Based Meta-Analysis of Human Reasoning
Authors: Shin Minho , Jeon Hyeon-Ae 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRecent advances in neuroimaging have augmented numerous findings in the human reasoning process but have yielded varying results. One possibility for this inconsistency is that reasoning is such an intricate cognitive process, involving attention, memory, executive functions, symbolic processing, and fluid intelligence, whereby various brain regions are inevitably implicated in orchestrating the process. Therefore, researchers have used meta-analyses for a better understanding of neural mechanisms of reasoning. However, previous meta-analysis techniques include weaknesses such as an inadequate representation of the cortical surface’s highly folded geometry. Accordingly, we developed a new meta-analysis method called Bayesian meta-analysis of the cortical surface (BMACS). BMACS offers a fast, accurate, and accessible inference of the spatial patterns of cognitive processes from peak brain activations across studies by applying spatial point processes to the cortical surface. Using BMACS, we found that the common pattern of activations from inductive and deductive reasoning was colocalized with the multiple-demand system, indicating that reasoning is a high-level convergence of complex cognitive processes. We hope surface-based meta-analysis will be facilitated by BMACS, bringing more profound knowledge of various cognitive processes.
Habit and emotion: John Dewey’s contribution to the theory of change
Authors: Petit Emmanuel , Ballet Jérôme 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTo construct their theoretical framework, the US institutionalist authors, Thorstein Veblen and John Commons, drew on the conception of habit which had been developed by Charles Sanders Peirce, William James and John Dewey from the pragmatist movement. Peirce, James and Dewey see habit as a generally effective form of action conduct, although Dewey focuses more on an analysis of habit transformation and transaction than on habit itself. At the heart of this process of transformation is emotion. Emotion signals the need for change and at the same time is an active agent in habit reconfiguration. Compared to nudge theory, Dewey’s approach, therefore, emphasises the emotional (and not just cognitive) dimension of habit change.
DOP49 Effectiveness and safety of vedolizumab in a matched cohort of elderly and young Inflammatory Bowel Disease patients - LIVE Study-Group
Authors: Pugliese D , Privitera G , Armuzzi A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Vedolizumab is the first biologic tested for the treatment of elderly patients with moderate-to-severely active ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD) in the GEMINI program. However, little real-life data have been reported on its use in the elderly population. In this work, we present data on vedolizumab effectiveness and safety in a large cohort of elderly UC and CD patients matched to younger patients.

Methods
The Long-term Italian Vedolizumab Effectiveness (LIVE) study included CD and UC patients started on vedolizumab from April 2016 to June 2017 at 47 centers of the Italian Group for the study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IG-IBD). Elderly (E-) patients (≥ 65-year-old) were included for this analysis and matched 1:2 to younger (Y-) patients; patients were then prospectively followed-up until June 2019. Primary endpoints were vedolizumab persistence and safety.

Results
Of 1111 patients, 198 E-patients (mean age 71 ± 5 years; 108 UC,90 CD) were included in the analysis and matched with 396 Y-patients (45 ±12 years; 205 UC,191 CD). After matching, the 2 cohorts were overall comparable, but patients in the Y-group were significantly more likely to have perianal disease, previous exposure to immunosuppressants, and to anti-TNF-α and less likely to be on concomitant steroids at baseline. For UC, persistence in the E- and Y-groups were 69.9% vs and 81.4% at 12 months, and 51.4% vs 67.6% at 24 months (p&lt;0.05 for both). Significant differences were also observed in terms of steroid-free clinical remission (SFCR) (31.5% vs 42.9%,32.4% vs 42.9% at 12 and 24 months, p&lt;0.05 for both) and biochemical remission (22.2% vs 38%,25.9% vs 40.5% at 12 and 24 months, p&lt;0.05 for both). Endoscopic remission was observed in 17/75 (22.7%) E-patients and 50/141 (35.5%) Y-patients (p=0.05). For CD, persistence was 75.6% vs 75.1% at 12 months, 52.4% vs 59.4% at 24 months, for the E- and Y- group respectively (p=ns for both). Similarly, rates of SFCR were comparable between the 2 cohorts. Notably, a significantly higher rate of biochemical remission was observed in the Y-group at 24 months (21.1% vs 30.9%, p&lt;0.05). Endoscopic remission was observed in 13/48 (27.1%) E-patients and 25/98 (28.1%) Y-patients (p=ns). A total of 51 and 94 adverse events (AEs) were observed in the E-group and Y-group, respectively: the rate of AEs was comparable between the 2 groups (p=ns). Of note, E-patients had a higher likelihood of suspending vedolizumab due to AEs (p&lt;0.05).

Conclusion
The data show that vedolizumab can be considered a safe option in elderly patients; however, its efficacy in elderly UC patients (in terms of persistence, SFCR and biochemical remission) seems to be reduced compared to younger UC patients, while no difference was observed in CD.
N17 The Perceptions and Experiences of People Living with Inflammatory Bowel Disease of Nursing Care A Qualitative Evidence Synthesis
Authors: Conmy C 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic condition of the bowel which is known to be very challenging for patients especially during times of active disease or flare ups of their symptoms. Those affected have to adapt their lives to the chronic nature of their condition. The aim of this review was to synthesise qualitative evidence on the perceptions and experiences of those living with inflammatory bowel disease on nursing care received in all health care settings and identify barriers and facilitators for optimal nursing care. Qualitative evidence synthesis guided by Thomas & Harden’s (2008) method of thematic synthesis was used.

Methods
A systematic search was carried out in CINAHL, Embase, Medline, Cochrane and Google Scholar using combinations of key words. Searches were imported into Covidence which is an online software product used for systematic reviews. Title and abstract screening and full text screening were carried out to screen for eligible papers. Included studies were critically appraised using Critical Appraisal Support Programme (CASP) and thematic synthesis of the data was conducted. Eleven studies were included in the synthesis.

Results
From the thematic synthesis of the included studies three analytical themes were developed;
1) Meaningful care for patients,
2) Accessible support and information
3) “A constant” for people with IBD.

Conclusion
This review demonstrated the positive and negative experiences of patients with inflammatory bowel disease on the nursing care they received. It raises key issues for patients which can be addressed by nursing when caring for patients. The results will inform nursing on what is important to patients and how their healthcare needs can be met in all settings. This review will also support evidence for nurses to obtain resources and improve patient care.
OP14 Extracellular RNAs as liquid biopsy non-invasive biomarker in IBD
Authors: Verstockt B , Verstockt S , Sabino J , Ferrante M , Vermeire S 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Extracellular RNAs (exRNAs) are RNA species present outside of the cells in which they were transcribed. They are found in human serum, though the exact role of circulating exRNAs remains to be established, especially in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Besides their potential help in our pathophysiological understanding of disease, they might serve as liquid biopsies or non-invasive biomarkers. We characterised exRNAs in serum from IBD patients, and questioned their potential in separating ulcerative colitis (UC) from Crohn’s disease (CD).

Methods
We carried out SILVER-seq (Small Input Liquid Volume Extracellular RNA-sequencing) on serum droplets (5-7ml) from a cross-sectional cohort of 26 IBD patients (15 UC, 11 CD) with active endoscopic disease (Mayo endoscopic sub score or Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn’s disease) (Table 1). Normalization and differential expression were done using DESeq2 R package, co-expression network analyses performed using WGCNA (FDR adjusted p ≤0.05). Using randomized generalized linear modelling (RGLM), a diagnostic exRNA marker was designed to separate UC from CD samples (15 UC, 11 CD).

Results
We detected 60,675 exRNAs in serum from IBD patients, capturing 76.1% of all genes expressed in intestinal tissue, and including highly abundant intestinal genes (e.g MUC2) and intestinal barrier genes (e.g claudin 8, occludin and RETNLB). Co-expression network analysis identified 69 clusters of which 1 significantly correlated with the distinction between CD and UC (FDR p=0.003, r=-0.70). One of the hub genes within this module (consisting of 148 genes, upregulated in UC) was GNA12 (p=2.3E-4, r=0.66 for correlation with the module eigengene), encoding for a membrane bound GTPase that plays a key role in tight junction assembly and has previously been identified as UC-specific SNP in GWAS (Figure 1). Serum GNA12 expression was not associated with faecal calprotectin (p=0.55, r=0.12), disease duration (p=0.24, r=0.25), age (p=0.43, r=0.16) or gender (p=1.0), but did correlate with other UC-specific genes including TNFRSF14 (p=0.04, r=0.4), HNF4A (p=0.04, r=-0.4) and CAMK2A (p=0.004, r=0.54). Through machine learning within the UC-specific module (containing 148 genes), we identified an 8-gene exRNA panel, including GNA12, that could accurately discriminate between UC and CD patients (accuracy 96.2%).

Figure 1: Visualisation of the identified exRNA network including GNA12

Conclusion
Liquid biopsies are a novel non-invasive tool in IBD biomarker development. Although larger in-depth studies are required to further validate, explore and characterise the potential of serum exRNAs in the field of IBD, the current pilot project identified a new non-invasive tool to accurately distinguish CD from UC patients.
OP24 Efficacy and safety of upadacitinib induction therapy in patients with Moderately to Severely Active Ulcerative Colitis: Results from the phase 3 U-ACHIEVE study
Authors: Danese S , Vermeire S , Zhou W , Pangan A , Siffledeen J , Hébuterne X , Nakase H , Higgins P , Chen M H , Sanchez-Gonzalez Y , Huang B , Xie W , Liu J , Weinreich M , Pannaccione R 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
An unmet therapeutic need remains in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). U-ACHIEVE is one of two phase 3 induction trials evaluating the safety and efficacy of the selective Janus kinase–1 inhibitor upadacitinib (UPA) 45 mg once daily (QD) in adults with UC.

Methods
U-ACHIEVE is a multicentre, double-blind, placebo (PBO)–controlled trial (NCT02819635) that randomized patients with moderately to severely active UC 2:1 to UPA 45 mg QD or PBO for 8 weeks. Patients were stratified by response to biologic therapy (inadequate vs non–inadequate responder), baseline corticosteroid use (yes or no), and baseline adapted Mayo score (≤7 or &gt;7). The primary endpoint was proportion of patients achieving clinical remission (per adapted Mayo Score) at week 8.Ranked secondary endpoints included endoscopic improvement, endoscopic remission, and clinical response per adapted Mayo Score at week 8; clinical response per partial adapted Mayo Score at week 2; and histologic-endoscopic mucosal improvement at week 8. Non-responder imputation incorporating multiple imputations for missing data due to COVID-19 are reported. Safety was assessed through week 8.

Results
474 patients were randomized (UPA, n=319; PBO, n=155). Baseline characteristics were well balanced between groups (Table 1). A significantly higher proportion of patients receiving UPA (26.1%) vs PBO (4.8%) achieved clinical remission at week 8 (adjusted treatment difference [95% CI], 21.6% [15.8, 27.4]; P&lt;0.001; Figure 1). For all ranked secondary endpoints, UPA was superior to PBO (P&lt;0.001; Figure 1). A significant difference in clinical response favouring UPA vs PBO was seen as early as week 2 (60.1% vs 27.3%) and was sustained over 8 weeks (79.0% vs 41.6%; Figure 2). There were more serious adverse events (AEs), severe AEs, and AEs leading to study drug discontinuation with PBO (Table 2). The most common AEs were acne, creatine phosphokinase elevation, and nasopharyngitis with UPA and worsening of UC and anaemia with PBO. Incidence of serious infection was similar between UPA and PBO. Neutropenia and lymphopenia were reported more frequently with UPA vs PBO (Table 2).No adjudicated gastrointestinal perforation, major cardiovascular AEs, or thrombotic events and no active tuberculosis, malignancy, or deaths were reported.

Conclusion
In patients with moderately to severely active UC, UPA 45 mg QD induction therapy was superior to PBO in inducing clinical remission/response, and endoscopic remission/response over 8 weeks; responses were significant and rapid. UPA 45 mg QD was well tolerated; safety was comparable with the known safety profile of UPA, and no new safety signals were identified.