bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of anomalous boundary current by high temperature
Authors: Guo Ruiping , Miao Rong-Xin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRecently it is found that Weyl anomaly leads to novel anomalous currents in the spacetime with a boundary. However, the anomalous current is suppressed by the mass of charge carriers and the distance to the boundary, which makes it difficult to be measured. In this paper, we explore the possible mechanisms for the enhancement of anomalous currents. Interestingly, we find that the anomalous current can be significantly enhanced by the high temperature, which makes easier the experimental detection. For free theories, the anomalous current is proportional to the temperature in the high temperature limit. Note that the currents can be enhanced by thermal effects only at high temperatures. In general, this is not the case at low temperatures. For general temperatures, the absolute value of the current of Neumann boundary condition first decreases and then increases with the temperature, while the current of Dirichlet boundary condition always increases with the temperature. It should be mentioned that the enhancement does not have an anomalous nature. In fact, the so-called anomalous current in this paper is not always related to Weyl anomaly. Instead, it is an anomalous effect due to the boundary.
Notes on writing from writers of note
Authors: Yaffe Philip 
Published: August 2021

Each "Communication Corner" essay is self-contained; however, they build on each other. For best results, before reading this essay and doing the exercise, go to the first essay "How an Ugly Duckling Became a Swan," then read each succeeding essay.
A distinction is often made between creative writing (fiction) and expository writing(non-fiction). However, they are more alike than most people think. Creative writers can learn from expository writers, and vice versa.
The Application and Evaluation of Effective Quality Management by Objectives in Patient Care for Persistent Vacuum Sealing Drainage
Authors: Zhao Lili , Yang Jianing , Nie Mingyang , Wang Dan , Yan Guojie , Li Shuying 
Published: August 2021

To investigate the application and evaluation of effective quality management by objectives in patient care for persistent vacuum sealing drainage (VSD), a total of 164 patients with fractures of the hands and feet combined with soft tissue damage admitted to the department of hand and foot surgery in a provincial tertiary hospital from January 2018 to January 2020 were selected as study subjects. The patients were randomly divided into observation and control groups based on the types of fractures, with 82 patients in each group, and both groups underwent VSD surgery for treatment. Both of the groups were cared for VSD using the original nursing model and were compared in terms of treatment compliance, wound recovery, the occurrence of complications, and patient satisfaction with nursing work. The treatment compliance of patients in the observation group was higher than that of the control group (

P

< 0.05). Moreover, the wound healing condition in the observation group and the postoperative wound recovery data were better. The hospitalization time and the number of replacement suckers were less (

P

< 0.05), which met the requirements of statistical research. This confirmed that the application of quality management by objectives in patient care can improve patient compliance with treatment, promote wound healing, reduce the occurrence of corresponding postoperative complications in patients, and improve patient satisfaction with health nursing, which can be promoted for use in the workplace.
The Role of Heart Rate, Body Temperature, and Respiratory Rate in Predicting Anastomotic Leakage following Surgery for Rectal Cancer
Authors: Luo Jiajun , Wu Hongxue , Jiang Yue , Yang Yu , Yuan Jingwen , Tong Qiang 
Published: August 2021

Objective. To explore the value of the heart rate, body temperature, and respiratory rate in the early prediction of anastomotic leakage after rectal cancer surgery. Methods. Clinical data from patients with rectal cancer who underwent anterior rectal resection in the Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, from January 2017 to December 2019 were collected and analyzed retrospectively. Based on the occurrence of anastomotic leakage after surgery, the patients were divided into two groups: those with and without anastomotic leakage. The quantitative values of the heart rate, body temperature, and respiration rate at day 7 postsurgery were compared between the two groups. The ROC curve was used to analyze their role in the early prediction of anastomotic leakage. Results. Among 441 patients with rectal cancer, 30 (6.81%) had clinical anastomotic leakage and were diagnosed at

7
±
3

days

postsurgery. Within 7 days postsurgery, the heart rate, body temperature, and respiratory rate in the anastomotic leakage group were higher than those in the nonanastomotic leakage group. The differences in heart rate (1-5 d), body temperature (2-7 d), and respiratory rate (1-7 d) were statistically significant (

P
<
0.05

). The three ROC curves were drawn, respectively. The predictive value of the heart rate is greatest at days 2-3 postsurgery. The predictive value of the body temperature is greatest at days 4-6 postsurgery. The predictive value of the respiratory rate is best at days 1-4 postsurgery. Conclusion. The changes of vital signs (heart rate, body temperature, and respiratory rate) have a certain value in the early prediction of anastomotic leakage after rectal cancer surgery. Observation of postoperative vital signs at 7 days postsurgery is helpful for the early diagnosis of anastomotic leakage.
Characteristics of Immune Memory and Effector Activity to Cancer-Expressed MHC Class I Phosphopeptides Differ in Healthy Donors and Ovarian Cancer Patients
Authors: Lulu Amanda M. , Cummings Kara L. , Jeffery Erin D. , Myers Paisley T. , Underwood Dennis , Lacy Rachel M. , Chianese-Bullock Kimberly A. , Slingluff Craig L. , Modesitt Susan C. , Engelhard Victor H. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractElevated immunity to cancer-expressed antigens can be detected in people with no history of cancer and may contribute to cancer prevention. We have previously reported that MHC-restricted phosphopeptides are cancer-expressed antigens and targets of immune recognition. However, the extent to which this immunity reflects prior or ongoing phosphopeptide exposures was not investigated. In this study, we found that preexisting immune memory to cancer-expressed phosphopeptides was evident in most healthy donors, but the breadth among donors was highly variable. Although three phosphopeptides were recognized by most donors, suggesting exposures to common microbial/infectious agents, most of the 205 tested phosphopeptides were not recognized by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from any donor and the remainder were recognized by only 1 to 3 donors. In longitudinal analyses of 2 donors, effector immune response profiles suggested active reexposures to a subset of phosphopeptides. These findings suggest that the immunogens generating most phosphopeptide-specific immune memory are rare infectious agents or incipient cancer cells with distinct phosphoproteome dysregulations, and that repetitive immunogenic exposures occur in individual donors. Phosphopeptide-specific immunity in PBMCs and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes from ovarian cancer patients was limited, regardless of whether the phosphopeptide was expressed on the tumor. However, 4 of 10 patients responded to 1 to 2 immunodominant phosphopeptides, and 1 showed an elevated effector response to a tumor-expressed phosphopeptide. As the tumors from these patients displayed many phosphopeptides, these data are consistent with lack of prior exposure or impaired ability to respond to some phosphopeptides and suggest that enhancing phosphopeptide-specific T-cell responses could be a useful approach to improve tumor immunotherapy.
Large-Scale Screening for Monogenic and Clinically Defined Familial Hypercholesterolemia in Iceland
Authors: Björnsson Eythór , Thorgeirsson Guðmundur , Helgadóttir Anna , Thorleifsson Guðmar , Sveinbjörnsson Garðar , Kristmundsdóttir Snaedís , Jónsson Hákon , Jónasdóttir Aðalbjörg , Jónasdóttir Áslaug , Sigurðsson Ásgeir , Guðnason Thórarinn , Ólafsson Ísleifur , Sigurðsson Emil L. , Sigurðardóttir Ólöf , Viðarsson Brynjar , Baldvinsson Magnús , Bjarnason Ragnar , Danielsen Ragnar , Matthíasson Stefán E. , Thórarinsson Björn L. , Grétarsdóttir Sólveig , Steinthórsdóttir Valgerður , Halldórsson Bjarni V. , Andersen Karl , Arnar Davíð O. , Jónsdóttir Ingileif , Guðbjartsson Daníel F. , Hólm Hilma , Thorsteinsdóttir Unnur , Sulem Patrick , Stefánsson Kári 
Published: August 2021

Objective:
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is traditionally defined as a monogenic disease characterized by severely elevated LDL-C (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) levels. In practice, FH is commonly a clinical diagnosis without confirmation of a causative mutation. In this study, we sought to characterize and compare monogenic and clinically defined FH in a large sample of Icelanders.

Approach and Results:

We whole-genome sequenced 49 962 Icelanders and imputed the identified variants into an overall sample of 166 281 chip-genotyped Icelanders. We identified 20 FH mutations in
LDLR
,
APOB
, and
PCSK9
with combined prevalence of 1 in 836. Monogenic FH was associated with severely elevated LDL-C levels and increased risk of premature coronary disease, aortic valve stenosis, and high burden of coronary atherosclerosis. We used a modified version of the Dutch Lipid Clinic Network criteria to screen for the clinical FH phenotype among living adult participants (N=79 058). Clinical FH was found in 2.2% of participants, of whom only 5.2% had monogenic FH. Mutation-negative clinical FH has a strong polygenic basis. Both individuals with monogenic FH and individuals with mutation-negative clinical FH were markedly undertreated with cholesterol-lowering medications and only a minority attained an LDL-C target of <2.6 mmol/L (<100 mg/dL; 11.0% and 24.9%, respectively) or <1.8 mmol/L (<70 mg/dL; 0.0% and 5.2%, respectively), as recommended for primary prevention by European Society of Cardiology/European Atherosclerosis Society cholesterol guidelines.

Conclusions:
Clinically defined FH is a relatively common phenotype that is explained by monogenic FH in only a minority of cases. Both monogenic and clinical FH confer high cardiovascular risk but are markedly undertreated.
Participation in a Heart Failure Clinical Trial
Authors: Ezekowitz Justin , Mentz Robert J. , Westerhout Cynthia M. , Sweitzer Nancy K. , Givertz Michael M. , Piña Ileana L. , O’Connor Christopher M. , Greene Stephen J. , McMullan Ciaran , Roessig Lothar , Hernandez Adrian F. , Armstrong Paul W. 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) often target enrollment of patients with demographics and outcomes less representative of the broader population of interest. To provide context for the VICTORIA trial (Vericiguat Global Study in Subjects With Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction), we designed a registry of hospitalized patients with worsening heart failure to characterize their clinical profile, outcomes, and reasons for their nonparticipation in a RCT.

Methods:
Fifty-one RCT sites in Canada and the United States participated. Eligible patients included those with chronic heart failure, hospitalized for heart failure, and an ejection fraction <45%; no other exclusions were applied. Sites identified patients between 2017 and 2019 during the RCT enrollment period. RCT eligibility criteria were applied, and non–mutually exclusive reasons for nonenrollment were captured. Mortality at 1 year was estimated via the Meta-Analysis Global Group in Chronic Heart Failure risk score or as observed in the RCT.

Results:
Overall, 2056 patients were enrolled in the registry; 61% (n=1256) were ineligible for the RCT, 37% (n=766) were eligible but not enrolled, and 2% (n=34) were also enrolled in the RCT. Registry participants had a median age of 70, 33% were women, and 63% were White. The median risk score predicted a 20.9% 1-year mortality, higher than in the RCT (predicted 14.7% and observed 11.5%). Major reasons for ineligibility in the RCT included the use of nitrates (23%), systolic blood pressure <100 mm Hg (12%), and substance use (11%) with other exclusion criteria <10%. For eligible patients, reasons for nonparticipation in the RCT included lack of interest in participating (28%), poor compliance (25%), inability to complete follow-up (23%), too sick (20%), unable to provide consent (17%), and distance from site (15%).

Conclusions:
Patients with worsening heart failure in routine clinical practice exhibit high-risk features, and approximately one-third were eligible for an RCT but excluded. The majority of these nonparticipating patients had modifiable reasons.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02861534.
Endothelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Heart Failure With a Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Valero-Muñoz María , Oh Albin , Faudoa Elizabeth , Bretón-Romero Rosa , El Adili Fatima , Bujor Andreea , Sam Flora 
Published: August 2021

Background:
The management of clinical heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is often complicated by concurrent renal dysfunction, known as the cardiorenal syndrome. This, combined with the notable lack of evidence-based therapies for HFpEF, highlights the importance of examining mechanisms and targetable pathways in HFpEF with the cardiorenal syndrome.

Methods:

HFpEF was induced in mice by uninephrectomy, infusion of
d
-aldosterone (HFpEF; N=10) or saline (Sham; N=8), and given 1% NaCl drinking water for 4 weeks. Renal fibrosis and endothelial-mesenchymal transition (endo-MT) were evident once HFpEF developed. Human aortic endothelial cells were treated for 4 days with 10% serum obtained from patients with chronically stable HFpEF with the cardiorenal syndrome (N=12) and compared with serum-treated human aortic endothelial cells from control subjects (no cardiac/renal disease; N=12) to recapitulate the in vivo findings.

Results:

Kidneys from HFpEF mice demonstrated hypertrophy, interstitial fibrosis (1.9-fold increase;
P
<0.05) with increased expression of endo-MT transcripts, including pdgfrβ (platelet-derived growth factor receptor β), snail, fibronectin, fsp1 (fibroblast-specific protein 1), and vimentin by 1.7- (
P
=0.004), 1.7- (
P
=0.05), 1.8- (
P
=0.005), 2.6- (
P
=0.001), and 2.0-fold (
P
=0.001) versus Sham. Immunostaining demonstrated co-localization of CD31 and ACTA2 (actin α2) in kidney sections suggesting evidence of endo-MT. Similar to the findings in HFpEF mice, comparable endo-MT markers were also significantly elevated in human aortic endothelial cells treated with serum from patients with HFpEF compared with human aortic endothelial cells treated with serum from control subjects.

Conclusions:
These translational findings demonstrate a plausible role for endo-MT in HFpEF with cardiorenal syndrome and may have therapeutic implications in drug development for patients with HFpEF and concomitant renal dysfunction.
Association Between Excess Leisure Sedentary Time and Risk of Stroke in Young Individuals
Authors: Joundi Raed A. , Patten Scott B. , Williams Jeanne V.A. , Smith Eric E. 
Published: August 2021

Background and Purpose:
The association between physical activity (PA) and lower risk of stroke is well established, but the relationship between leisure sedentary time and stroke is less well studied.

Methods:
We used 9 years of the Canadian Community Health Survey between 2000 and 2012 to create a cohort of healthy individuals without prior stroke, heart disease, or cancer. We linked to hospital records to determine subsequent hospitalization or emergency department visit for stroke until December 31, 2017. We quantified the association between self-reported leisure sedentary time (categorized as <4, 4 to <6, 6 to <8, and 8+ hours/day) and risk of stroke using Cox regression models and competing risk regression, assessing for modification by PA, age, and sex and adjusting for demographic, vascular, and social factors.

Results:
There were 143 180 people in our cohort and 2965 stroke events in follow-up. Median time from survey response to stroke was 5.6 years. There was a 3-way interaction between leisure sedentary time, PA, and age. The risk of stroke with 8+ hours of sedentary time was significantly elevated only among individuals <60 years of age who were in the lowest PA quartile (fully adjusted hazard ratio, 4.50 [95% CI, 1.64–12.3]). The association was significant across multiple sensitivity analyses, including adjustment for mood disorders and when accounting for the competing risk of death.

Conclusions:
Excess leisure sedentary time of 8+ hours/day is associated with increased risk of long-term stroke among individuals <60 years of age with low PA. These findings support efforts to enhance PA and reduce sedentary time in younger individuals.
Durand of St.-Pourçain on Reflex Acts and State Consciousness
Authors: Hartman Peter John 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Some of my mental states are conscious and some of them are not. Sometimes I am so focused on the wine in front of me that I am unaware that I am thinking about it. But sometimes, of course, I take a reflexive step back and become aware of my thinking about the wine in front of me. What marks the difference between a conscious mental state and an unconscious one? In this article, the author focuses on Durand of St.-Pourçain’s rejection of the higher-order theory of state consciousness, according to which a mental act is conscious when there is another, suitably related, mental (reflex) act that exists at the same time with it. Durand rejects such higher-order theories on the grounds that they violate the thesis that a given mental power can have or elicit only one mental act at a given time. The author first goes over some of Durand’s general arguments for this thesis. He then turns to Durand’s application of the thesis to the issue of state consciousness and reflex acts. He closes by considering the objection that Durand’s same-order theory of state consciousness makes consciousness ubiquitous.
Black Men’s Experience of Police Harassment: A Descriptive Phenomenological Study
Authors: Townsell Ania , Vogel Eric B. , McLean Alvin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The Black community has a long, well-documented history of being disproportionately harassed by law enforcement. While psychological research has studied this phenomenon, more in-depth research on Black men’s lived-experience of police harassment is needed. This qualitative study used descriptive phenomenology to investigate Black men’s experience of being harassed by law enforcement officers. An analysis of non-structured interviews with a sample of four participants revealed several essential aspects of this experience, including: anxiety in response to the initial awareness of law enforcement’s presence, fear and confusion in response to abrupt escalation of aggression and hostility by officers, a sense of humiliation in response to degrading police tactics, anger over inability to pursue redress through the justice system, ongoing negative emotion, and a sense of having been psychologically harmed by the harassment. The implications of the findings are discussed.
A Bittersweet Memoir
Authors: Lim Anita Y. N. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
I wrote this journal in March 2020 prior to the World Health Organization declaring the COVID-19 infection as a worldwide pandemic on March 11. The situation in Singapore was unfolding even as public healthcare institutions were tasked to lead the charge to contain the novel coronavirus as it was then called. This journal describes my experiences and impressions during my work in an isolation ward at the National University Hospital during this early period.
I was to be catapulted into Pandemic Team 3 in the second and third weeks of February 2020. The urgency of hospital measures to respond to the novel coronavirus meant that the general medicine consultant roster which I was on was hijacked to support the pandemic wards. I thought wryly to myself that it was a stroke of genius to commandeer the ready-made roster of senior physicians; it would have been difficult for the roster monster to solicit senior physicians to volunteer when there were still so many unknowns about this virus.
Graphic images of the dire situation in Wuhan, China, were circulating widely on social media. It was heart-wrenching to read of Dr. Li Wen Liang’s death. He had highlighted the mysterious pneumonia-causing virus. The video clip of him singing at a karaoke session that went viral underscored the tragedy of a young life cut short.
Questions raced in my mind. “Are we helpless to prevent the spread of this virus?” “Is the situation in China to be replicated here in Singapore?” This seemed incredulous, yet, might it be possible? The immediate responses that jumped up within me was “yes, it’s possible, but let’s pray not. Whatever has to be done, must be done.”
Experiments in Dealing with Epidemics in Seventeenth-Century Siam
Authors: Alberts Tara 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This article uses a study of two epidemic outbreaks of smallpox in late seventeenth-century Siam to interrogate the developing “social meaning” of the disease in Thai society at the time. Through this case study the article examines the problems of translation and the limitations of our source bases for understanding premodern approaches to epidemic management. It suggests ways of reading across various sources to reconstruct how intercultural learning, exchange, and experiment among communities who suffered epidemic disease contributed to global constructions of concepts of disease.
Then and Now: A Structural Approach Analysis of Japan’s Cultural Diplomacy towards Thailand
Authors: Kittipaisalsilpa Preechaya 
Published: August 2021

Summary
Despite the growing significance of Japan’s cultural diplomacy within the landscape of international relations, the study of effective ties with Thailand has not received much attention to date. This article employs a structural approach in analysing ‘when’ and ‘how’ Japan’s cultural diplomacy has evolved vis-à-vis Thailand. The article emphasises the importance of structural factors as being relational, further complicated by different levels and degrees of influence throughout three periods: the economic-oriented period (1950s-1960s), the diplomatic adjustment period (1970s-1980s), and the social relations building period (1990s-present). The analysis reveals two layers of Japan’s foreign policy instruments—economic diplomacy and cultural diplomacy — in the structuralist narrative of Japanese diplomacy towards Thailand. While economic power has been an important instrument, this article highlights how changes in the structure of international systems have had corresponding impacts on Japan’s application of cultural diplomacy that has subsequently shaped the bilateral Japan-Thailand relationship.