bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance analysis and optimal detector of wireless optical space–time shift keying over the Gamma–Gamma turbulence channel
Authors: Zhang Yue , Wang Huiqin , Ma Xuemei , Zhao Li , Mao Yicong 
Published: March 2021

In this paper, an optical space–time shift-keying (OSTSK) scheme based on the space–time dispersion matrix block of orthogonal design and laser selection technology is proposed to improve the transmission bits per symbol (TBS) and bit error rate (BER) performance of the traditional optical space shift keying (OSSK). The average BER of OSTSK is investigated over the Gamma–Gamma channel and simulated using the Monte Carlo method. The results show that the proposed scheme has the highest TBS and best BER performance compared with OSSK and optical generalized space shift keying. In addition, we propose a threshold judgment orthogonal matching pursuit (TJ-OMP)-decoding algorithm near-optimal detector for the OSTSK scheme to reduce the computational complexity of the system. For the OSTSK system with

N

t

=
4

and

N

r

=
4

, when the reasonable threshold is selected as

θ
=
1.5

, the computational complexity of OSTSK-(TJ-OMP) is 74.3% lower than that of the OSTSK-maximum likelihood sequence detection (OSTSK-MLSD), while the signal-to-noise ratio of the OSTSK-(TJ-OMP) decreases by about 1.5 dB at

B
E
R

=
1
×

10

−
3

.
Polarization-robust mid-infrared carpet cloak with minimized lateral shift
Authors: Huang Yao , Zhang Jingjing , Zhou Jinhui , Qiang Bo , Xu Zhengji , Liu Lin , Tao Jifang , Kossowski Nicolas , Wang Qijie , Luo Yu 
Published: March 2021

With the advent and rapid development of the transformation optics and metamaterials, invisibility cloaks have captivated much attention in recent years. While most cloaking schemes suffer from limited bandwidth, the carpet cloak, which can hide an object on a reflecting plane, can operate over a broadband frequency range. However, the carpet cloaks experimentally realized thus far still have several limitations. For example, the quasi-conformal mapping carpet cloak leads to a lateral shift of the reflected light ray, while the birefringent carpet cloak only works for a specific polarization. In this work, we propose a conformal transformation scheme to tackle these two problems simultaneously. As an example, we design a mid-infrared carpet cloak in a silicon platform and demonstrate its polarization-insensitive property as well as the minimized lateral shift over a broad frequency band from 24 to 28.3 THz.
Biogeographic venom variation in Russell’s viper (Daboia russelii) and the preclinical inefficacy of antivenom therapy in snakebite hotspots
Authors: Senji Laxme R. R. , Khochare Suyog , Attarde Saurabh , Suranse Vivek , Iyer Ashwin , Casewell Nicholas R. , Whitaker Romulus , Martin Gerard , Sunagar Kartik 
Published: March 2021

Background
Snakebite in India results in over 58,000 fatalities and a vast number of morbidities annually. The majority of these clinically severe envenomings are attributed to Russell’s viper (Daboia russelii), which has a near pan-India distribution. Unfortunately, despite its medical significance, the influence of biogeography on the composition and potency of venom from disparate D. russelii populations, and the repercussions of venom variation on the neutralisation efficacy of marketed Indian antivenoms, remain elusive.

Methods
Here, we employ an integrative approach comprising proteomic characterisation, biochemical analyses, pharmacological assessment, and venom toxicity profiling to elucidate the influence of varying ecology and environment on the pan-Indian populations of D. russelii. We then conducted in vitro venom recognition experiments and in vivo neutralisation assays to evaluate the efficacy of the commercial Indian antivenoms against the geographically disparate D. russelii populations.

Findings
We reveal significant intraspecific variation in the composition, biochemical and pharmacological activities and potencies of D. russelii venoms sourced from five distinct biogeographic zones across India. Contrary to our understanding of the consequences of venom variation on the effectiveness of snakebite therapy, commercial antivenom exhibited surprisingly similar neutralisation potencies against the majority of the investigated populations, with the exception of low preclinical efficacy against the semi-arid population from northern India. However, the ability of Indian antivenoms to counter the severe morbid effects of Daboia envenoming remains to be evaluated.

Conclusion
The concerning lack of antivenom efficacy against the north Indian population of D. russelii, as well as against two other ‘big four’ snake species in nearby locations, underscores the pressing need to develop pan-India effective antivenoms with improved efficacy in high snakebite burden locales.
HIV testing behaviors and willingness to receive oral rapid HIV testing among dental patients in Xi’an, China
Authors: Gao Bei , Wang Lirong , Santella Anthony J. , Zhuang Guihua , Huang Ruizhe , Xu Boya , Liu Yujiao , Xiao Shuya , Wang Shifan 
Published: March 2021

Introduction
HIV testing is an important strategy for controlling and ultimately ending the global pandemic. Oral rapid HIV testing (ORHT) is an evidence-based strategy and the evidence-based shows is favored over traditional blood tests in many key populations. The dental setting has been found to be a trusted, convenient, and yet untapped venue to conduct ORHT. This study assessed the HIV testing behaviors and willingness to receive ORHT among dental patients in Xi’an, China.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey of dental patients from Xi’an was conducted from August to September 2017. Dental patients were recruited using a stratified cluster sampling. A 44-item survey was used to measure HIV/AIDS knowledge, HIV testing behaviors, and willingness to receive ORHT.

Results
Nine hundred and nine dental patients completed the survey with a mean HIV/AIDS knowledge score of 10.7/15 (SD 2.8). Eighty-four participants (9.2%) had previously received an HIV test. Participants would have a high rate of HIV testing if they had higher monthly income (OR = 1.982, 95% CI: 1.251–3.140) and a higher HIV/AIDS knowledge score (OR = 1.137, 95% CI: 1.032–1.252). Five hundred and eighty-two participants (64.0%) were willing to receive ORHT before a dental treatment, 198 (21.8%) were not sure, and 129 (14.2%) were unwilling. Logistic regression showed that age (OR = 0.970, 95% CI: 0.959–0.982), HIV/AIDS knowledge score (OR = 1.087, 95% CI: 1.031–1.145), previous HIV test (OR = 2.057, 95% CI: 1.136–3.723), having advanced HIV testing knowledge (OR = 1.570, 95% CI: 1.158–2.128), and having advanced ORHT knowledge (OR = 2.074, 95%: CI 1.469–2.928) were the factors affecting the willingness to receive ORHT.

Conclusions
The majority of dental patients had not previously received an HIV test, although many were receptive to being tested in the dental setting. The dental setting as a venue to screen people for HIV needs further exploration, particularly because many people do not associate dentistry with chairside screenings. Increasing awareness of ORHT and reducing testing price can further improve the patient’s willingness to receive ORHT.
Bagaimana Kandidat Minoritas Memenangkan Pilkada: Analisis Strategi Politik dalam Bingkai Bourdieusian
Authors: Yuliani Krista , Ardianto Hendra Try 
Published: March 2021

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk memberi gambaran bagaimana seorang kandidat dari kelompok minoritas, bisa memenangkan pemilu, padahal lawan yang dihadapinya adalah calon petahana (imcumbent). Guna memenuhi tujuan itu, artikel ini berangkat dari penelitian studi kasus tentang kemenangan Budhi Sarwono sebagai kandidat Tionghoa (Muslim) saat Pilkada 2017 silam. Dalam penggalian data, penulis melakukan wawancara mendalam terhadap kandidat, para petinggi partai di tingkat lokal, serta warga yang mengetahui dinamika politik saat itu. Temuannya adalah keberhasilan Budhi Sarwono dalam Pilkada 2017 adalah hasil dari equivalensi antara habitus warga yang marah karena infrastruktur jalan di kawasan dataran tinggi banyak yang rusak; kemudian bertemu dengan ranah politik vis-a-vis petahana; dan injeksi modal kandidat (modal sosial-kultural, ekonomi, politik) yang dikapitalisasi untuk meraih suara warga. Kesimpulannya, strategi politik akan berjalan efektif jika mempertimbangkan bagaimana komposisi ranah, habitus, dan modal kandidat agar bisa saling terjahit secara koheren.
Kemenangan Hattrick: Strategi Keterpilihan Een Rusmiyati dalam Pemilu Legislatif 2019 di Kota Cirebon
Authors: Muzadi Akhmad , Fitriyah Fitriyah 
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini di latar belakangi oleh kemenangan Een Rusmiyati di pemilu legislatif yang kembali terpilih untuk ketiga kalinya sebagai anggota DPRD perempuan dari Partai Hanura, salah satu partai kecil di Kota Cirebon. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori representasi politik dari Vieira dan Runciman dan strategi politik Sheth dan Frazier sebagai alat untuk menjelaskan keterpilihan petahana Een Rusmiyati dalam Pemilu 2019. Adapun untuk metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa wawancara dan dokumentasi. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan Een Rusmiyati merupakan satu-satunya calon anggota legislatif yang terpilih dari Partai Hanura, yang mampu merawat konstituen sehingga bisa mengantarkan dirinya terpilih di pemilu berulang kali. Tugas perawatan konstituen berjalan efektif karena dirinya dibantu oleh tim sukses yang loyal, yang diketuai oleh adik laki-lakinya.
Struktur Komunitas Landak Laut di Padang Lamun Pulau Kodingareng, Kepulauan Spermonde
Authors: Moka Wilma , Inaku Dwi Fajriyati , Rais Muhammad 
Published: March 2021

Sea urchins is marine organism from Phylum Echinoderms which have high economic and ecological value. Therefore, we need data on the current condition of sea urchins, especially those in the Spermonde Islands. Through this research, it is hoped that the community structure and distribution of sea urchins in Kodingareng Lompo Island, Spermonde Islands can be known. The sampling method used was quadrant transects measuring 5x5 meters on 4 plots in the seagrass area on Kodingareng Lompo Island. The data analysis used was species composition, density, relative density, diversity index, and uniformity index. The results obtained show that there are three species of sea urchins, namely Diadema setosum, Mespilia globulus, and Tripneustes gratilla, basen on morphology identification. Diadema setosum is species with the highest species composition value, namely 92%. The density value (0.017 individuals / m2) and the diversity of sea urchins (H '<1) in the seagrass beds at Kodingareng Island are classified as low. It is hoped that the data obtained from this research can become a reference for the management of biological resources in the Spermonde Islands in the future. Landak laut merupakan salah satu kelas dari Filum Echinodermata yang memiliki nilai ekonomis dan ekologis yang cukup tinggi. Gonad landak laut telah sejak lama dikonsumsi di berbagai negara dunia, dan bahkan sekarang cangkangnya banyak dijadikan souvenir. Karena itu diperlukan data kondisi terkini landak laut, khususnya yang ada di Kepulauan Spermonde. Melalui penelitian ini diharapkan dapat diketahui struktur komunitas maupun sebaran landak laut yang ada di Padang Lamun Pulau Kodingareng Lompo, Kepulauan Spermonde. Metode sampling yang digunakan adalah transek kuadran ukuran 5x5 meter pada 4 plot pada daerah padang lamun di Pulau Kodingareng Lompo. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah komposisi jenis, kepadatan, kepadatan relatif, indeks keanekaragaman, dan indeks keseragaman. Hasil yang didapatkan memperlihatkan bahwa terdapat tiga genus landak laut, yaitu Diadema, Mespilia, dan Tripneustes. Diadema sp. merupakan genus dengan nilai komposisi jenis tertinggi yaitu 92%. Nilai kepadatan (0,017 individu/m2) dan keanekaragaman landak laut (H’<1) di padang lamun Pulau Kodingareng tergolong rendah. Data yang didapatkan dari penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi bahan acuan untuk pengelolaan sumberdaya hayati di Kepulauan Spermonde ke depannya.
The onset of magnetic nanofluid convection because of selective absorption of radiation
Authors: Mahajan Amit , Sharma Mahesh Kumar 
Published: March 2021

This article reports a linear stability analysis of the onset of convection stimulated by selective absorption of radiation in a horizontal layer of magnetic nanofluid (MNF) under the impact of an external magnetic field. The Chebyshev pseudospectral method is utilized to obtain the numerical solution for water-based magnetic nanofluids (MNFs). The confining boundaries of the magnetic nanofluid layer are considered to be rigid–rigid, rigid–free, and free–free. The results are derived for two different conditions, viz., when the system is heated from the below and when the system is heated from the above. It is observed that an increase in the value of the Langevin parameter , diffusivity ratio and a decrease in the value of nanofluid Lewis number , the parameter which represents the impact of selective absorption of radiation and modified diffusivity ratio delays the onset of MNF convection for both the two configurations. Moreover, as the value of concentration Rayleigh number increases, the convection commences easily when the system is heated from the below, whereas the onset of MNF convection gets delayed as the system is heated from the above.
Penguatan Merger Bank Syariah BUMN dan Dampaknya Dalam Stabilitas Perekonomian Negara
Authors: Atikah Ika , Maimunah Maimunah , Zainuddin Fuad 
Published: March 2021

This study provides an overview of strengthening the merger of state-owned sharia banks, namely BNI Syariah, BSM, BRI Syariah which merged into Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI). The purpose of the study was to determine the legal arrangements for strengthening the merger of Islamic banks to become BSI and its impact on the stability of state finances during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research method used in this study uses normative research with a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. Primary sources of law use legal regulations related to mergers of banking institutions and secondary sources of law from several kinds of literature such as journals and books relating to the issues being discussed. Meanwhile, legal material analysis techniques are used descriptively. The result of the research is the strengthening of the merger of BUMN Islamic banks starting with the existence of an agreement that is outlined in the written form of an Islamic commercial bank merger agreement as regulated in several applicable legal regulations. The merger of Islamic commercial banks during a pandemic is the right step to maintain the country’s economic stability, as stated in Perpu No.1 / 2020 and POJK No.18 / POJK.03 / 2020. The impact of the merger of Islamic commercial banks, of course, has a positive impact, Indonesian Islamic banks can compete globally by prioritizing more complete services, wider coverage, and better capitalization. For the state, it is certainly a good thing that can be done by the Ministry of BUMN, by initiating the merger of 3 sharia-based state-owned subsidiaries (BNI Syariah, BSM, BRI Syariah) merging into PT. Bank Syariah Indonesia, Tbk. Keywords : Merger, Sharia Banks, Finance
O Projeto Crítico em Schelling, Tillich e Goodchild
Authors: Whistler Daniel 
Published: March 2021

O artigo procura estabelecer as condições e os elementos de uma teoria genuinamente crítica no estudo da religião: a partir de onde se crítica? Isso é, qual é o discurso ideal a partir do qual se pode embarcar no projeto crítico? Qual é o gênero da crítica? Se a crítica é inerentemente teológica, mas estruturada filosoficamente, são aqueles que criticam filósofos, teólogos ou críticos propriamente ditos (κριτικόι)? a crítica das religiões e a reorientação da preocupação última é um ethos, uma ética do pensamento. O autor delinea esse ethos através de três manifestações de uma tradição distinta, ainda que subexplorada, de teologia radical, que atravessa Schelling, Tillich e Goodchild. O que os três têm em comum é o compromisso de atender àquilo que mais importa (piedade ou preocupação última) e a um projeto de crítica que radicalize a definição kantiana de transcendental a fim de chegar àquilo que escapa ao pensamento de Kant - os valores incondicionais ou "teológicos mais profundos" que orientam a existência pessoal.[1] A obra de Lacoue-Labarthe e Jean-Luc Nancy a partir do final dos anos 70 também é impulsionada por essa pergunta (p. ex., LACOUE-LABARTHE e NANCY, The Literary Absolute: The Theory of Literature in German Romanticism, trans. Philip Bernard and Cheryl Lester. Albany: SUNY Press, 1988.
The evaluation of Nosocomial Infections Developing in Intensive Care Units of a Tertiary University Hospital
Authors: TARAKÇI Arzu , EROĞLU Esma 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Introduction and Objective: Nosocomial infections (NIs) in intensive care units (ICUs) are serious problems because of high mortality and morbidity. Here, it was aimed to evaluate diagnoses, distribution and pathogens of NIs in two tertiary general ICUs (GICU) of a hospital and develop new infection control strategies based on the data.
Material and Methods: NIs followed in the infectious diseases department and recorded by active prospective surveillance between January 2018-December 2019 in GICUs were retrospectively analyzed.
Results: Ninety-five NI episodes were identified in 90 patients during 8468 hospitalization days of 1189 patients in a two-year period. While NI rate in GICUs was 7.98, incidence of NI density was determined as 11.21. Considering the distribution of NIs, lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) (36.8%) were detected as highest and followed as specific laboratory findings by pneumonia (33.6%), ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) (10.5%), central venous catheter-related blood stream infections (CVCR-BSI) (9.4%), laboratory-proven BSI (6.3%) and catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CR-URI) (3.1%). Given the distribution of the factors concerning system infections, agents leading to LRTI other than pneumonia were as follows: Acinetobacter spp. (48.7%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (25.6%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12.8%), Serratia marcescens (5.1%), Escherichia coli (2.5%), Enterobacter cloacae (2.5%) ) and Candida albicans (2.5%), and 11.4% were polymicrobial.
Conclusion: NIs are inevitable entities in hospitals, especially in ICUs, and one of the vital goals of hospitals is to control and manage such a situation. Timely and appropriate therapeutic interventions should be designed to reduce NI rates. If needed, catheters should be inserted with correct indication, and catheter application should be reduced. It is important that hospitals develop comprehensive antibiotherapy programs based on their own surveillance data.
Predictors of in-hospital mortality in patients admitted to the emergency department with cardiogenic pulmonary edema
Authors: SERT Ekrem Taha , KOKULU Kamil , GÜL Murat , MUTLU Hüseyin 
Published: March 2021

Background: Despite significant advances in the treatment of heart failure, the prognosis of acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema (ACPE) continues to be a serious problem. The objective of this study is to determine the risk factors affecting in-hospital mortality in patients with ACPE.
Methods: We enrolled 305 patients who were hospitalized with cardiogenic pulmonary edema as a diagnosis. Clinical, biochemical and echocardiographic variables were collected and analysed. The patients were divided into two groups according to the presence of mortality. Both groups were evaluated in terms of clinical features during admission to the emergency department (ED) and factors affecting in-hospital mortality.
Results: Forty-two patients died and the mortality rate was 13.8%. To determine the factors affecting mortality, multiple logistic regression analysis was performed. In the regression analysis, it was seen that age at admission to the ED (OR:1.75, 95% CI 1.18-3.05, p:0.014), systolic blood pressure (OR:0.95, 95% CI 0.31-0.98, p:0.040), presence of acute myocardial infarction (OR:4.17, 95% CI 1.85-7.13, p:0.001), positive troponin (OR:5.47, 95% Cl 1.07-7.46, p:0.011), atrial fibrillation rhythm (OR;3.16, 95% CI 1.81-8.02, p:0.010), inotropic drug usage (OR;5.61, 95% CI 1.87-9.24, p:0.013) increased in-hospital mortality.
Conclusion: Our findings could help clinicians in identifying patients with poor prognosis early in the presence of identified risk factors.
The Effect of Internet Addiction in Students on Quality of School Life
Authors: AKSOY Erhan , ÖZTOPRAK Ülkühan 
Published: March 2021

Aim: Internet addiction in children is a mental disorder that negatively affects the quality of life. In this day and age, internet usage, and school life, which takes a significant amount of time for students, are specified as engaged concepts that affect each other. Therefore, this study has been addressed to investigate the effects of internet addiction on primary, middle, and high school students on school life quality.
Material and Method: This research was conducted as a questionnaire study by Dr. Sami Ulus Training and Research Hospital Pediatric Neurology in the 2018-2019 academic year for Primary School, Middle, and High School students. The questionnaire consisted of sociodemographic information, Internet Addiction Scale (IAS), and Quality of School Life Scale (QSLS).
Results: Seven hundred eighty-eight students were included in the study. Mean age was 12.94 ± 2.79 years (range 8 - 17). Internet addiction scores were 57.67 ± 20.63, and 106 (13.80%) children had internet addiction. The Quality of School Life Scale total scores were found as 112.65 ± 18.42. It was observed that school success and school life quality decreased as the internet addiction score increased. It was observed that the students' education and puzzle games compared to other websites caused lower IAS scores. The most significant differences were observed among high school students. While it was observed that IAS scores, internet addiction, family negative relationships, and exposure to violence rates were highest in high school students, QSLS scores, and course success were found below.
Conclusion: There is a need to develop programs that would minimize the excessive and useless internet use of students and improve the environmental factors that regulate their relationships in the family, school, and other settings.
The prevalence and severity of lower back pain in South African university rowers
Authors: Heyneke Lisa , Green Andrew 
Published: March 2021

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is a condition prevalent among rowers due to the repetitive and physically demanding nature of rowing. Information concerning LBP among university-level rowers is, however, outdated and not widely available.
Objective: To determine the prevalence, severity and disabilities of LBP among university-level rowers in South Africa.
Methods: An online questionnaire, including the Athlete Disability Index (ADI) Questionnaire, was distributed to nine South African university rowing clubs. One-hundred participants aged between 18 to 30 years completed the online questionnaires.
Results: Eighty-seven rowers admitted to sustaining LBP either at the time of the study or previously in their university rowing career. These rowers (n=87) completed the Athlete Disability Index (ADI) Questionnaire which provided a moderate LBP disability score (ADI score: 8.1±6.0; ADI %: 24.7%±18.1). Rowers who had been rowing for a longer duration reported a higher severity of LBP (p=0.001). There was no statistically significant difference for LBP prevalence (p=0.584), or severity (p=0.445) between the sexes. A small significant correlation between age and the ADI score (r=0.25, p= 0.021) was reported. The high prevalence and moderate severity highlight the significance of LBP among university rowers.
Conclusion: This study illustrates the prevalence of LBP with moderate severity among university rowers. Future research on LBP risk factors and aetiology is recommended to decrease the negative impact of this condition.