bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
WOMEN'S STRUGGLE AGAINST THE PATRIARCHATE AND COLONIAL HEGEMONY IN PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER'S RUMAH KACA
Authors: Boangmanalu Iko Agustina , Nainggolan Bernard Richard 
Published: July 2021

<p>In most literary works set in the colonial era, women were described as weak, helpless, unable to resist, unlike the character Siti Soendari whom Pramoedya in the novel Rumah Kaca presented. Soendari became a female intellectual figure who fought against the existing power. This article describes the struggle in breaking down the patriarchal system and criticizing colonial power. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method with feminism and a post-colonial approach. The result shows that Siti Soendari was a female figure who fought intellectually. She was an educated woman who delivered her opinion through writing and speech. The way she fought was manifested by writing in newspapers, building organizations, and giving speeches at a youth meeting. Boycotted by the colonial power, Siti Soendari did not run out of ideas. She circulated her writings instead of publishing them in newspaper. Her struggle was unique because her goal was not just to create gender equality. She struggled to foster a nationalist nature among young people. In other words, she fought not only for women but also for her nation and country. This study recommends that the novel Rumah Hijau can be used as primary reading material in high schools and colleges.</p><p><strong>BAHASA INDONESIA ABSTRACT: </strong>Dalam kebanyakan karya sastra berlatar zaman penjajahan, perempuan digambarkan lemah, tak berdaya, tidak mampu melawan. Berbeda dengan tokoh Siti Soendari yang dihadirkan Pramoedya dalam novel Rumah Kaca. Siti Soendari menjadi sosok perempuan intelektual yang melakukan perlawanan terhadap kekuasaan yang ada. Artikel ini mendeskripsikan perjuangan tersebut dalam mendobrak sistem patriarkat dan mengkritisi kekuasaan kolonial. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan feminisme dan postkolonial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Siti Soendari adalah tokoh perempuan yang melakukan perjuangan dengan cara intelektual. Ia perempuan terdidik yang mampu menyuarakan pendapatnya lewat tulisan maupun lisan. Wujud perjuangan tokoh ini, antara lain; menulis di surat kabar, membangun organisasi, dan berpidato di pertemuan-pertemuan pemuda. Saat perjuangannya diboikot oleh kekuasaan kolonial, Siti Soendari tidak kehabisan akal. Tulisan-tulisannya tidak lagi dipublikasi melalui surat kabar, melainkan diedarkan dari orang ke orang. Perjuangan Siti Soendari menjadi unik karena tujuannya bukan sekadar menciptakan kesetaraan gender. Perjuangannya bertujuan menumbuhkan sifat nasionalis di kalangan pemuda. Dengan kata lain, ia tidak sekadar berjuang untuk kaum perempuan tetapi juga untuk bangsa dan negaranya. Hasil penelitian ini merekomendasikan novel Rumah Kaca digunakan sebagai bahan bacaan utama di sekolah menengah maupun perguruan tinggi.</p>
Workin' moms ain't doing so bad: Evidence on the gender gap in working hours at the outset of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Knize Veronika , Tobler Lina , Christoph Bernhard , Fervers Lukas , Jacob Marita 
Published: July 2021

Objective: In this project, we study changes in the working hours of men and women with and without children in the early phase of the COVID-19 crisis in Germany until August 2020.
Background: The COVID-19 outbreak in Europe led to a sharp decrease in economic activity, along with temporary closures of childcare facilities and schools. Subsequent changes in working hours in the early phase of the pandemic and during summer 2020 may have contributed to inequalities between men and women or parents and non-parents respectively.
Method: We use a unique panel dataset containing monthly survey data of the Institute for Employment Research (the IAB-HOPP) combined with administrative data of the German Federal Employment Agency. We run regression models with the change in working hours (before the crisis vs. working time at each panel wave) as the dependent variable and gender, parental status, and childcare arrangement as the main independent variables.
Results: We observe a comparable reduction in working hours for both men and women during the spring lockdown. However, only the working hours of women recover and return to their pre-crisis level in summer 2020. Most surprisingly, having children has an accelerating effect on recovery for mothers but not for fathers. At the end of the observation period, fathers do not recover as fully as mothers do.
Conclusion: These results challenge concerns about a temporary or possibly persistent 're-traditionalisation' of gender roles during the COVID-19 crisis.
Effect of Chronic Khat Chewing on Intima-Media Thickness of Common Carotid Arteries in Yemeni volunteers
Authors: Ameen M. Amer  , Elsafi A. Abdalla  , Amna A. M. Mokhtar  
Published: July 2021

Objective: To assess the changes occurring in both common carotid arteries (CCAs) intima-media thickness (IMT) in Yemeni chronic khat chewers using B-mode ultrasonography.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 195 participants (103 regular khat chewers and 92 non-khat chewers) conveniently selected at the Radiology Department of the University of Science and Technology Hospital (USTH) in Sana’a from August 2017 to August 2018. Data about gender, age, BMI, chewing khat and the period of chewing were collected from participants using a structured questionnaire. B-mode ultrasonography of bilateral CCAs was then performed to measure the IMT. Data were analyzed using suitable statistical tests, and P-values <0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Results: The majority of participants with CCA-IMT were males (91.8%) and aged 27 years or younger (59.0%), with a mean age of 27.9 ± 6.8 years. Khat chewers constituted more than half of patients with CCA-IMT. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean values of RT CCA-IMT and LT CCA-IMT between khat chewers and non-khat chewers. The CCA-MIT was significantly higher among male khat chewers compared to male non-chewers (P = 0.004). However, there was no statistically significant difference between khat chewers and non-chewers with respect to the age of 20 years or older (P = 0.301) and BMI of 18.5 kg/m2 or higher (P = 0.888). Age showed a significant positive correlation with RT CCA-IMT (r = 0.380; P < 0.001) and LT CCA-IMT (r = 0.458; P < 0.001) in Khat chewers. In contrast, age showed a significant positive correlation with LT CCA-IMT only in non-khat chewers (r = 0.236; P = 0.024). On the other hand, BMI showed a significant positive correlation with LT CCA-IMT (r = 0.254; P = 0.010) among khat chewers, but no significant correlation was found in CCA-IMT of both sides among non-khat chewers. Among khat chewers, there was a significant positive correlation with RT CCA-IMT (r = 0.273; P = 0.005) and LT CCA-IMT(r = 0.194; P = 0.049).
Conclusion: Khat chewing does not lead to a significant difference in CCA-IMT among Yemeni chewers compared to non-chewers. However, the period of chewing may slightly affect the CCA-IMT among khat chewers. Age has a significant positive correlation with CCA-IMT in khat chewers and LT CCA-MIT in non-khat chewers, which could help to determine the contribution of different predisposing factors to atherosclerosis. A significant positive correlation can be found between BMI and LT CCA-MIT among khat chewers.
Keywords: Khat Chewing, Intima media thickness, Carotid, Yemen
Surface functionalization of greige cotton knitted fabric through plasma and cationization for dyeing with reactive and acid dyes
Authors: Correia Jeferson , Mathur Kavita , Bourham Mohamed , Oliveira Fernando Ribeiro , Valle Rita De Cássia Siqueira Curto , Valle José Alexandre Borges , Seyam Abdel-Fattah M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Dyeing cotton fabrics with anionic dyes produces high effluent loads and requires a considerable amount of water and energy due to the electrostatic repulsion with cellulose. Therefore, several approaches have been researched to increase the efficacy of cotton dyeing. One is the cationization, which adds cationic sites to the cellulose. Another is the treatment of the cotton surface with plasma. In this paper, the combination of both techniques was investigated. Two commercially available cationic agents were used: 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (CHPTAC) and poly[bis(2-chloroethyl) ether-alt-1,3-bis[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]urea] quaternized, a novel cationic agent also known as Polyquaternium2 (P42). The plasma treatment was performed using a dielectric barrier discharge atmospheric plasma facility, helium was used as seed gas and 1.5 % of oxygen was injected. The cationization and plasma treatment were performed on greige cotton fabric, an innovative and sustainable approach that eliminates conventional scouring and bleaching processes. The cationic and plasma treated samples were dyed using Reactive Red 195 and Acid Blue 260 dyes. The effect of the treatments was evaluated by different characterization techniques such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The plasma treatment slightly increased the light fastness for some samples, but the cationization tends to prevail over the plasma treatment. The best results were attributed to the samples pretreated by CHPTAC, which presented the highest K/S and lowest unlevelness for samples dyed with reactive and acid dyes. CHPTAC is the most common cationic agent for textiles, but its industrial use is limited due to safety criticisms. The combination between plasma and P42 resulted in the same color strength as the conventional reactive dyeing. Therefore, this approach offers a safer alternative to the conventional cationization process.
Groundwater Flow Algorithm: A Novel Hydro-geology based Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Guha Ritam , Ghosh Soulib , Ghosh Kushal Kanti , Sarkar Ram 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A novel meta-heuristic nature-inspired optimization algorithm known as Groundwater Flow Algorithm (GWFA) is proposed in this paper. GWFA is inspired from the movement of groundwater from recharge areas to discharge areas. It follows a position update procedure guided by Darcy's law which provides a mathematical framework of groundwater flow. The proposed optimization algorithm has been evaluated on 23 benchmark functions. The significance of the results is statistically validated using Wilcoxon rank-sum, Friedman and Kruskal Walis tests. To prove the robustness of the algorithm, it has been further applied on several standard engineering problems. From these exhaustive experiments, it has been observed that the proposed GWFA can outperform many state-of-the-art optimization algorithms.
Plasmonic Sensor based on Microstructure PCF: Performance Analysis with Outside Detecting Approach
Authors: Hossain Md. Biplob , Sakib Md. Nazmus , Hossain Md. Sanwar 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this microarticle, we design a microstructure photonic crystal fiber (PCF) based external sensing surface
plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor. The performance of the design is numerically evaluated incorporating the finite
element method (FEM) with Perfectly Matched Layer (PML) boundary condition of scattering case. Modal analysis is
performed using finer mesh anlaysis. At the optimized thickness (40nm) of chemically stable gold(Au) layer, the ever
been maximum reported wavelength sensitivity (WS) and standard amplitude sensitivity (AS) are to 75,000 nm per RIU
and 480 per RIU correspondingly. The sensor also exposed high polynomial fit (𝐑𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟗) as well as high figure of
merit (FoM) of 280.77 per RIU. Since very much high sensitivity, high detecting range and figure of merit, lowing the
cost of fabrication, the proposed design can be a pleasant competitor in detection of the analyte refractive index (RI). At
the last, to prove performance ability of our designed sensor all the performance parameter calculated results compare
with the existing sensors.
Antifungal Activity, Identification and Biosynthetic Potential Analysis of Fungi Against Rhizoctonia Cerealis
Authors: Zhao Xing-li , Song Peng , Hou Dianyun , Li Ziliang , Hu Zhenjie 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Wheat sheath blight mainly infected by Rhizoctonia cerealis is one of the soil-borne fungal diseases of wheat worldwide and prevalent in major wheat growing areas in China at present. This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of 163 endophytic fungi on R. cerealis. Antifungal strains were identified and their biosynthetic potential was analysed. Methods: The antifungal activity of the strains was evaluated via dual-culture antagonism assay. The antifungal strains were identified on the basis of morphological characteristics and internal transcribed spacer gene sequencing. The polyketide synthases (PKSs) and nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) genes in antifungal strains were detected via specific amplification of chromosomal DNA. Result: Twelve out of 163 fungal strains, including seven strains with matrix competition and five strains with antibiosis, were obtained. The 12 antifungal strains belonged to four genera: Alternaria, Ascochyta, Botryosphaeria and Talaromyces. The inhibition rate of the seven strains with matrix competition was greater than 50%, with that of Botryosphaeria dothidea S2-33 being the highest at 84.6%. The inhibition zone of Talaromyces assiutensis R-03 amongst the five strains with antibiosis was the widest at up to 7 mm. Among the 12 antifungal strains, the strain S2-16 contained all the genes tested, five B. dothidea strains contained PKS-II and NRPS genes, two Alternaria alternate strains only contained PKS-II gene and the remaining four strains did not contain any. Conclusion: Results demonstrated 12 potential strains for the biocontrol of wheat sheath blight. In particular, T. assiutensis R-03 was determined as a promising agent. The active substances secreted by antifungal strains may be produced by other biosynthetic pathways.
A minimal dose of unmanipulated bone marrow infusion without conditioning for T-B+NK- severe combined immunodeficiency
Authors: Yi Eun Sang , Ju Hee Young , Cho Hee Won , Lee Ji Won , Sung Ki Woong , Koo Hong Hoe , Kang Eun-Suk , Ahn Kang Mo , Kim Yae-Jean , Yoo Keon Hee 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the standard method of reconstituting immune function in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID); however, there is no consensus about optimal cell doses. In this study, we investigated HSCT outcomes and immune reconstitution, following minimal dose (MD) HSCT in T cell-negative (T-), B cell-positive (B+), natural killer cell-negative (NK-) SCID patients. We retrospectively reviewed patients with SCID who received HSCT between 2002–2018. Standard dose (SD) and MD were classified based on a total nucleated cell count (TNC) of 1.0 × 108/kg or more and less. Total seven patients with SCID received HSCT. MD group (n = 4) were administered 5 mL or less of bone marrow without conditioning, with median TNC and CD34+ cell counts of 0.49 × 108/kg and 0.62 × 106/kg, respectively. T cells recovered within a year, and immunoglobulin supplementation was discontinued at median 3.5 months after HSCT in all MD recipients. All MD recipients were alive without disease recurrence at a median of 126.9 months after HSCT, exhibiting donor chimerism in the range of 10.1–100%. In patients with T-B + NK- SCID, sufficient therapeutic effects were safely obtained with minimal dose of bone marrow infusion without conditioning.
Safety of Dipeptidylpeptidase-4 Inhibitors in Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Doni Katharina , Bühn Stefanie , Weise Alina , Mann Nina-Kristin , Hess Simone , Sönnichsen Andreas , Pieper Dawid , Thürmann Petra , Mathes Tim 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BackgroundWe aim to assess the safety of dipeptidylpeptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4s) in older type 2 diabetes patients with inadequate glycaemic control. MethodsWe included RCTs in older (≥65 years) patients with type 2 diabetes. The intervention group was treated with any DPP4. A systematic search in MEDLINE and EMBASE was performed in December 2020. For assessing risk of bias, the RoB 2 tool was applied. The quality of evidence was assessed using GRADE. We pooled outcomes using random-effects meta-analyses. ResultsWe identified 16 RCTs that included 19,317 patients with a mean age >70 years. The mean HbA1c ranged between 7.1g/dl and 10.0g/dl.Adding DPP4s to standard alone care may increase mortality slightly (RR 1.04; 0.89-1.21). Adding DPP4s to standard care increases the risk for hypoglycaemia (RR 1.08; 95%CI 1.01-1.16), but difference in overall adverse events is negligible.DPP4s added to standard care likely reduce mortality compared to sulfonylureas (RR 0.88; 0.75-1.04). DPP4s probably reduce the risk for hypoglycaemia compared to sulfonylureas (magnitude of effect not quantifiable because of heterogeneity) but difference in overall adverse events is negligible.There is insufficient evidence on hospitalizations, falls, fractures, renal impairment, and pancreatitis. Conclusion There is no evidence that DPP4s in addition to standard care decrease mortality but DPP4s increase hypoglycaemia risk. Second-line therapy in older patients should be considered cautiously because even in drugs with a good safety profile like DPP4s. In the case second-line treatment is necessary, DPP4s appear to be superior to sulfonylureas. RegistrationPROSPERO: CRD42020210645
Additive Manufacturing of Thermoplastic M8 Fasteners Using Photopolymer Jetting Technology for Low-Strength Fastening Applications
Authors: Patpatiya Parth , Shastri Anshuman 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This study investigates the spatial accuracy of additively manufactured M8 fasteners fabricated using photopolymer jetting technology. A number of M8 bolts and their mating M8 nuts are fabricated using Stratasys Object 260 Connex 3 polyjet printer with Vero cyan, Vero magenta, Vero white, and Vero grey thermoplastic resins. Vero series thermo-plastics were used as they offer durability, strength, and flexibility. The additively manufactured nuts and bolts are fabricated with the intention of introducing thermoplastic fasteners that could eventually substitute metal fasteners in certain low strength joining applications such as in fluidics, electronics, biomedical engineering, food packaging, and automobile industries. Manufacturing constraints and critical conditions for fabrication are presented. Vital printing and manufacturing constraints, dimensional stability analysis, and the subsequent dimensional changes for the fabricated fasteners are thoroughly illustrated. Dimensional stability of the printed structures was examined under an ultra-compact 3D laser sensor and the imaging results are also presented. The fabricated thread profile superimposed precisely with the CAD model’s ISO thread profile dimensions. The dimensional performance of the fabricated M8 fasteners was examined in every orientation and along each axis of the fasteners. The high-quality manufacturing of fasteners using photopolymer jetting reached the maximum precision requirements and fitted under IT 06 transition fit grade.
Statistics and Formation Mechanism Analysis on the Basin-Range Patterns of Granite Bodies in Hunan Province, China
Authors: Wei Runchu , Rao Chenmo , Cao Zhendong , Zhou Hui , Zhu Yi , Chen Peng , Ouyang Qi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This paper presents the results of statistical analysis on the basin-range relations between the granite rock bodies and surrounding rocks in Hunan Province of China. Among the 44 granitoids in Hunan Province, 28 are basins, 14 are ranges, and only 2 cannot be directly classified. The basin-range properties of granite bodies are closely related to the lithology of surrounding rocks. Among the 28 granite basins, 24 are surrounded by slate, 3 by sandstone, and only 1 by glutenite, while 11 of 14 ranges are surrounded by carbonate rocks. From the perspective of endodynamic process, tectonic movements played an important role in the evolution of the terrain in the granite areas. Firstly, tectonism shaped the large-scale tectonic framework which deter-mined the distribution of some granite mountains in Hunan Province. In addition, tectonic compression or extension formed some granite compressional uplifts or horsts, which present as ranges now. From the perspective of differential weathering, the difference of resistance to weathering between granite and their surrounding rocks is an essential factor for the development of granite basin or range. When their surrounding rocks are carbonate rocks, the granite areas mostly present as ranges for the high solubility of carbonate minerals. When their surrounding rocks are slate rocks, the granite areas are mostly basins for their lower resistance to weathering than slate rocks determined by their more unstable minerals to weathering and more conductive soils to rainfall infiltration.
Climatic data provide clues on the geographic origin of a spider invasion in the Americas
Authors: Segura-Hernández Laura Marcela , Barrantes Gilbert , Chacón-Madrigal Eduardo , García-Rodríguez Adrián 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Identifying the source population of invasive species is important to assess the distribution and potential effects in the invaded area. The araneid spider Cyrtophora citricola is widely distributed in Europe, Asia, and Africa; however, in the last twenty years, it has been reported in several countries across the Americas. To date, the geographic origin of the populations established in America remains unclear, but considering the successful colonization after its recent arrival, a high environmental similarity between the invaded and native geographic distributions is expected. In this study, we compared the environmental characteristics of two possible native regions (southern Africa and the Mediterranean) and the invaded region (America), to determine the more likely origin for the populations established in America. We found that the South African populations of C. citricola occupy environments with similar climatic conditions to those of the American populations, and these similarities are greater than the ones shared with the Mediterranean populations. Therefore, our results support a Southern African, rather than a Mediterranean origin for the populations established in America. In addition, our results also show that populations in America are expanding to environments that differ from those of the native populations. Further studies, assessing intrinsic (e.g. physiological tolerances, plasticity, behavior, reproduction) and extrinsic (physical barriers, predator release) factors could provide further information to disentangle the mechanisms behind this expansion.