bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of long noncoding RNAs on epithelial–mesenchymal transition in A549 cells and fibrotic human lungs
Authors: Yildirim Merve , Oztay Fusun , Kayalar Ozgecan , Tasci Ahmet Erdal 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs) regulate epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). EMT involves myofibroblast differentiation and pulmonary fibrosis (PF). We aimed to determine the expression profiles of HOTAIR, CARLo‐5, and CD99P1 LncRNAs in EMT‐mediated myofibroblast differentiation in A549 cells and fibrotic human lungs and to explain their roles. A group of A549s was stimulated with transforming growth factor β (TGF‐β; 5 ng/ml) to induce EMT. The remaining A549s were incubated with 20 μM FH535 after 24 h of TGF‐β treatment to inhibit EMT. A549s were collected at 0, 24, 36, and 48 h. Expressions of three LncRNAs and protein/genes related to EMT, myofibroblast differentiation, and PF were assayed by quantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis in A549s and fibrotic human lungs. The targets of three LncRNAs were investigated by bioinformatics methods. TGF‐β stimulation resulted in increased expressions of three LncRNAs, ACTA2, COL1A1, SNAI1, CTNNB1, TCF4, LEF1, α‐SMA, and active‐β‐catenin, and decreased E‐cadherin at 24, 36, and 48 h in A549s. FH535 treatment regressed these alterations. But it increased HOTAIR expression at 36 h and did not increase E‐cadherin at 48 h. Fibrotic human lungs were characterized by increased expressions of HOTAIR, CARLo‐5, CD99P1, and miR‐214, decreased expressions of miR‐148b, miR‐218‐1, miR‐7‐1, and the presence of CARLo‐5 and CD99P1 in HDAC1‐LncRNAs coprecipitation products, but not HOTAIR. Bioinformatic analysis showed the interactions of three LncRNAs with both proteins and at least 13 microRNAs related to EMT and PF. In conclusion, HOTAIR, CARLo‐5, and CD99P1 can regulate EMT‐mediated myofibroblast differentiation through interacting with proteins and miRNAs associated with EMT and PF. These LncRNAs can be considered as potential targets to decrease EMT for treating PF.
Social support networks of adults with sickle cell disease
Authors: Desine Stacy , Eskin Lena , Bonham Vence L. , Koehly Laura M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSickle cell disease (SCD) can cause both physical and psychological complications, such as severe pain and depression. These effects often necessitate social and caregiving support. Few studies have assessed support networks within the adult SCD population. Here, we describe the support networks of adults with SCD and identify who in these networks (1) provides emotional support, (2) is dependable during crisis situations, including social and financial adversities, and (3) provides assistance in health crises. Forty‐nine adults with SCD completed surveys and social network assessments through interview. Generalized mixed‐effects linear regression models were fitted to investigate the composition of support provision within these personal networks. Our findings indicate that parents and ‘other important people’ (e.g., friends, spouses) play key roles in the support provided to those with SCD. Siblings with SCD appeared to be more emotionally supportive than unaffected siblings. With much research centered around the pediatric and adolescent SCD populations, focus needs to extend to adults and the individuals involved in their care and disease management. Understanding the flow of support within these networks can help genetic counselors and healthcare providers to better identify both social ties that serve as support resources and less supportive relationships for individuals living with SCD and other chronic genetic conditions that might be targeted for intervention.
Diagnostic Accuracy of MRI for Differentiation of Benign and Malignant Pancreatic Cystic Lesions Compared to CT and Endoscopic Ultrasound: Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Udare Amar , Agarwal Minu , Alabousi Mostafa , McInnes Matthew , Rubino Julian G. , Marcaccio Michael , van der Pol Christian B. 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundDifferentiation of benign and malignant pancreatic cystic lesions on MRI, computed tomography (CT), and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is critical for determining management.PurposeTo perform a systematic review evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of MRI for diagnosing malignant pancreatic cystic lesions, and to compare the accuracy of MRI to CT and EUS.Study TypeSystematic review and meta‐analysis.Data SourcesMEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched until February 2020 for studies reporting MRI accuracy for assessing pancreatic cystic lesions.Field Strength1.5T or 3.0T.AssessmentMethodologic and outcome data were extracted by two reviewers (AU and MA, 2 years of experience each). All studies of pancreatic cystic lesions on MRI were identified. Studies with incomplete MRI technique were excluded. Risk of bias was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS)‐2 tool.Statistical TestsSensitivity/specificity was pooled using bivariate random‐effects meta‐analysis with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Pairwise‐comparison of MRI to CT and EUS was performed. The impact of gadolinium‐based contrast agents, mucinous lesions, and risk of bias were explored using meta‐regression.ResultsMRI pooled sensitivity was 76% (95%CI 67% to 84%) and specificity was 80% (95%CI 74% to 85%) for distinguishing benign and malignant lesions. MRI and CT had similar sensitivity (P = 0.822) and specificity (P = 0.096), but MRI was more specific than EUS (80% vs. 75%, P < 0.05). Studies including only contrast‐enhanced MRI were more sensitive than those including unenhanced exams (P < 0.05). MRI sensitivity and specificity did not differ for mucinous lesions (P = 0.537 and P = 0.384, respectively) or for studies at risk of bias (P = 0.789 and P = 0.791, respectively).Data ConclusionMRI and CT demonstrate comparable accuracy for diagnosing malignant pancreatic cystic lesions. EUS is less specific than MRI, which suggests that, in some cases, management should be guided by MRI findings rather than EUS.Level of Evidence3Technical Efficacy Stage2
Prevalence and genotype distribution of high‐risk human papillomavirus in 34 420 cases in Yangzhou city, Jiangsu province, China
Authors: Li Yuwu , Liu Xiaoli , Han Chongxu , Ren Chuanli 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe aimed to study the infection status and distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) in Yangzhou City to provide precise guidance for the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer in this area. Reproductive tract secretions were collected from patients admitted at Subei People's Hospital over the past 3 years. Fifteen high‐risk HPV (HR‐HPV) genotypes were analyzed by fluorescent polymerase chain reaction. The positive rate of HR‐HPV in 34 420 subjects was 23.56%. There was no significant difference in the rate of overall infection between males and females (χ
2 = 0.04; p = 0.952 > 0.05). The five genotypes with high infection rates in the population were HPV52, HPV58, HPV16, HPV51, and HPV39. Single infection was found to be dominant, primarily with the HPV52 genotype. The infection rate was higher in patients less than 20 years old and more than 60 years old. Most patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasms 2/3 and cervical cancer were infected by HPV16, followed by those infected by HPV52 and HPV58. There was a significant difference in the infection rate of HPV16 among patients with different cervical lesions (χ
2 = 31.660; p < 0.01), and the infection rate of HPV16 was higher in patients with cervical cancer than in healthy individuals. Single infection was dominant among the study patients with HPV infection in Yangzhou city. There was no significant difference in infection rate and genotype distribution between males and females. The infection rate in young and old women was higher, and the rate increased with age (>20 years).
Preparation of Polypeptide Surfactants Using Chromium‐Containing Waste Leather: Effect of Hydrophilic and Lipophilic Groups
Authors: Li Yun , Sun Danyang , Jiang Chenhui , Ding Haiyan , Wang Quanjie 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPolypeptide surfactants with different lengths of hydrophilic groups and lipophilic groups were synthesized from collagen hydrolysate polypeptides by the Schotten‐Baumann reaction. Collagen hydrolysate polypeptides were prepared through alkaline hydrolysis of chromium‐containing leather wastes, followed by changing the molecular weight of the collagen hydrolysate and the carbon chain length of the acid chloride. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, confirmed the successful synthesis of the polypeptide surfactants. Furthermore, surface activities of surfactants were tested to reflect the influence of the length of hydrophilic and lipophilic groups on properties, such as surface tension, foamability, foam stability, wettability, and Hydrophile–Lipophile Balance value. The results indicated that for surfactants prepared from collagen hydrolysate, a shorter hydrophilic group length resulted in lower surface tension and better foamability, foam stability, and a wetting ability which indicates the surfactants can be used as wetting agents. In contrast, the surfactant with a greater lipophilic group length had lower surface tension and poorer foamability, foam stability, and wetting ability. The presence of the C=C bond of the oleoyl lipophilic group decreased surface tension. The polypeptide surfactants prepared from collagen hydrolysate not only can effectively utilize chromium‐containing leather solid waste produced, but also avoid environmental pollution and promote the sustainable development of the leather industry.
Tourist behavioural intentions in ghost tourism: The case of Taiwan
Authors: Lee Yi‐Ju 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study used stimulus‐organism‐response theory to identify hypothetical relationships among tourist perception, emotion, memorability, and behavioural intention in ghost tourism. A questionnaire survey was conducted, and 445 valid responses were collected at the Liu Ancient Building. The results revealed significant positive relationships between tourist perception and positive and negative emotions. Furthermore, the results indicated that emotion correlated with memorability. With regard to ghost tourism, positive emotions considerably affect memory than negative emotions. Memorability, a precise predictor of behavioural intention, plays a mediating role between positive emotion and behavioural intention, particularly in ghost tourism. This study provides some suggestions for enhancing behavioural intention and guidance with regard to ghost tourism.
Patient‐Directed Home Drain Removal in Head and Neck Surgery
Authors: Sethia Rishabh , Freeman Taylor , Mead Katherine , Selhorst Amanda , Vala Kelly , Skoracki Laura , Adelman Megan , VanKoevering Kyle , Kang Stephen Y. , Ozer Enver , Agrawal Amit , Old Matthew O. , Carrau Ricardo L. , Rocco James W. , Seim Nolan B. 
Published: April 2021

Objectives/HypothesisThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of at home drain removal in head and neck surgery patients.MethodsThe study population included patients who underwent head and neck surgery at an academic tertiary care center between February 2020 and November 2020 and were discharged with one to four drains with instructions for home removal. Prior to discharge, patients received thorough drain removal education. Patients were prospectively followed to evaluate for associated outcomes.ResultsOne hundred patients were evaluated in the study. There was record for ninety‐seven patients receiving education at discharge. The most common methods of education were face‐to‐face education and written instructions with educational video link provided. Of 123 drains upon discharge, 110 drains (89.4%) were removed at home while 13 (10.6%) were removed in office. Most drains were located in the neck (86.4%). There was one seroma, two hematomas, two drain site infections, and five ED visits; however, none of these complications were directly associated with the action of drain removal at home. Calculated cost savings for travel and lost wages was $259.82 per round trip saved.ConclusionsThe results demonstrate that home drain removal can provide a safe and efficacious option for patients following head and neck surgery. This approach was safe and associated with patient cost savings and better utilization of provider's time. Furthermore, patients and healthcare providers avoided additional in‐person encounters and exposures during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Our findings warrant further investigation into cost savings and formal patient satisfaction associated with home drain removal.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:2471–2477, 2021
Long‐term Effect of Individualized Titanium Mesh in Orbital Floor Reconstruction After Maxillectomy
Authors: Sun Qian , Soh Hui‐Yuh , Zhang Wen‐bo , Yu Yao , Wang Yang , Mao Chi , Guo Chuan‐bin , Yu Guang‐yan , Peng Xin 
Published: April 2021

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine the clinical outcomes and long‐term stability of individualized titanium mesh combined with free flap for orbital floor reconstruction after maxillectomy and to identify the risk factors for titanium mesh exposure.Material and MethodsThe data of 66 patients who underwent maxillectomy and orbital floor defect reconstruction by individualized titanium mesh in Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology between 2011 and 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Postoperative ophthalmic function and success of aesthetic restoration were assessed. Titanium mesh exposure was recorded and the risk factors were identified.ResultsMean follow‐up was for 24.8 months (range, 6–92 months). Ophthalmic function was successfully restored in 63/66 patients. Aesthetic restoration was not considered satisfactory by 10 patients. Titanium mesh exposure occurred in six patients (exposure rate, 9.1%). Preoperative radiotherapy was identified as an independent risk factor for mesh exposure (OR = 28.8, P = 0.006). Previous surgery, postoperative radiotherapy, pathological type of the primary lesion, the type of tissue flap applied, and the use of intraoperative navigation were not significant risk factors. Six patients with titanium mesh exposure underwent second surgery, but mesh exposure recurred in two patients due to insufficient soft tissue coverage.ConclusionIndividualized titanium mesh with free flap can effectively restore maxilla–orbital defects. Preoperative radiotherapy is an independent predictor of postoperative titanium mesh exposure. Adequate soft tissue coverage of the mesh may reduce the risk of mesh exposure.Level of Evidence4 (case–control study) Laryngoscope, 131:2231–2237, 2021
Heterotrophic nitrogen fixation in response to nitrate loading and sediment organic matter in an emerging coastal deltaic floodplain within the Mississippi River Delta plain
Authors: Li Song , Twilley Robert R. , Hou Aixin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIncreasing nitrate (NO3−) loading in rivers due to agricultural fertilization alters benthic nitrogen (N) cycling and shifts coastal wetlands from being a net source to net sink of reactive N. Heterotrophic N2 fixation that converts N2 to reactive N is often assumed negligible in eutrophic ecosystems and excluded in coastal N budget evaluations. We investigated N2 fixation and denitrification in response to increasing NO3− loading (0, 10, and 100 μM) and sediment organic matter (OMsediment) concentrations in the emerging Wax Lake Delta. Continuous flow‐through incubations with 30N2 addition was applied to measure N2 fixation. The variation of N2 fixation rates from 0 to 437 μmol N m−2 h−1 among different NO3− and OMsediment concentrations were comparable to the estimated denitrification rates of 141–377 μmol N m−2 h−1. Increasing overlying NO3− concentrations reduced N2 fixation rates and facilitated denitrification rates at each OMsediment concentration. However, 100 μM of overlying NO3− did not thoroughly inhibit N2 fixation rates in sites with intermediate and higher OMsediment concentrations (189 and 99 μmol N m−2 h−1, respectively). Both N2 fixation and denitrification increased with increasing OMsediment concentrations, but the relative importance of these processes was impacted mostly by overlying NO3− concentration as increasing NO3− switched the dominance of N2 fixation to denitrification in benthic N cycling. This study highlights the importance of heterotrophic N2 fixation in coastal deltaic floodplains and emphasizes the necessity of including N2 fixation quantification in coastal N budget evaluation, not only in oligotrophic environment but also in eutrophic environment.
Targeting the HSP90–CDC37–kinase chaperone cycle: A promising therapeutic strategy for cancer
Authors: Wang Lei , Zhang Qiuyue , You Qidong 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHeat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is an indispensable molecular chaperone that facilitates the maturation of numerous oncoproteins in cancer cells, including protein kinases, ribonucleoproteins, steroid hormone receptors, and transcription factors. Although over 30 HSP90 inhibitors have steadily entered clinical trials, further clinical advancement has been restricted by their limited efficacy, inevitable heat shock response, and multiple side‐effects, likely induced via an ATP inhibition mechanism. Since both ATP and various co‐chaperones play essential roles in the HSP90 chaperone cycle to achieve integrated function, optimal therapeutics require an understanding of the dynamic interactions among HSP90, ATP, and cochaperones. To date, continuous research has promoted the exploration of the cochaperone cell division cycle 37 (CDC37) as a kinase‐specific recognizer and has shown that the HSP90–CDC37–kinase complex is particularly relevant in cancers. Indeed, disrupting the HSP90–CDC37–kinase complex, rather than totally blocking the ATP function of HSP90, is emerging as an alternative way to avoid the limitations of current inhibitors. In this review, we first briefly introduce the HSP90–CDC37–kinase cycle and present the currently available approaches for inhibitor development targeting this cycle and provide insights into selective regulation of the kinase clients of HSP90 by more directional ways.
Recognition of orbital angular momentum vortex beam based on convolutional neural network
Authors: Ke Xizheng , Chen Meng 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTo identify different modes of orbital angular momentum (OAM) vortex beams after demultiplexing, deep learning technology is introduced, and a convolutional neural network (CNN) model is designed to detect OAM beams. The light intensity distribution maps of the Laguerre Gaussian beam with the topological charge from 1 to 20 through experiments are collected, the random phase screens are generated by using the power spectrum inversion method, to simulate the transmission of Laguerre Gaussian beams in the different atmospheric turbulence channels. The recognition accuracy is studied by the conditions of different CNN model iteration times, beam wavelengths, and data sets. The images are classified and processed to make different data sets, and the random vortex beam training sets are tested. Experimental results show that this method with about 98% accuracy for the conditions of long‐wavelength beams and medium or weak turbulence. The training on complex training sets can improve the effect.
Individual and mass behavior in large population forward–backward stochastic control problems: Centralized and Nash equilibrium solutions
Authors: Wang Shujun , Xiao Hua 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article studies a class of dynamic optimization of large‐population system in which a large number of negligible agents are coupled via state‐average in their cost functional and state dynamics. The most significant feature in our setup is the dynamics of individual agents are modeled by forward–backward stochastic differential equations. The associated mean‐field game, in its forward–backward sense, is also formulated to seek the decentralized strategies. Unlike the forward case, the consistency conditions of our forward–backward mean‐field games involve five Riccati and force rate equations. Moreover, their initial and terminal conditions are mixed thus some special decoupling technique is applied here. We also verify the ‐Nash equilibrium property of the derived decentralized strategies. To this end, some estimates to backward stochastic system are employed.
Montmorillonite nanoclay aggregated in a fractal structure in an acrylic‐styrene matrix, slowed the chain dynamics and increased an order of magnitude the tensile modulus
Authors: Romo‐Uribe Angel 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHomogenously dispersed montmorillonite (MMT) nanoclay in an acrylic‐styrene copolymer formed fractal structure in the solid state and induced an order of magnitude increase of tensile modulus. The glass transition temperature, Tg, the thermal decomposition temperature, Tdec, and the water contact angle also increased with MMT content. The copolymer was based on 60% butyl acrylate (BA), 38% styrene (sty), and 2% methacrylic acid (MAA), and MMT was incorporated in‐situ up to 25 wt% content. Cast films were optically transparent, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that MMT was well dispersed throughout the acrylic matrix. Wide‐angle X‐ray scattering revealed that MMT was exfoliated up to 5 wt% content, and at higher MMT content, the chains intercalated the galleries. Small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) showed that MMT aggregated into fractal objects of dimension 2 (i.e., I ~ |q|−2), consistent with scattering from randomly distributed platelets. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) demonstrated slower chain dynamics in the presence of MMT in the fluid (T2 measurements) and solid (magic angle spinning) states. Dynamic mechanical analysis demonstrated the reduction of damping tan δ and increase of segmental relaxation time τe. Therefore, the polymer–nanoclay interaction and the chain nanoconfinement imposed by nanoclay promoted slower chain dynamics and the increase of thermal properties and mechanical modulus, thus enabling polymer nanocomposites with enhanced physical properties.
Preparation of UV‐thermal dual curable environmentally friendly polyacrylate pressure‐sensitive adhesives by bulk polymerization
Authors: Zhu Menglu , Liu Zhenxin , Zhang Qingxin , Zhang Xiaojie , Li Guohua , Abdel‐Magid Beckry , Qu Xiongwei 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThree different acrylate monomers containing butyl acrylate, 2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate, and acrylic acid were designed to synthesize polyacrylate pressure‐sensitive adhesives (PSAs) by bulk polymerization process initiated via radical photo‐initiators under UV irradiation and UV‐thermal dual curing. Thermal crosslinker, KL‐1202, with trifunctional isocyanate groups was introduced into the prepolymer to form an intermolecular crosslinking network structure. An emphasis was placed on the effect of the KL‐1202 content on the microstructure and adhesive properties of PSAs. The viscosity and composition of prepolymer synthesized by UV initiation were tested by a rotational viscometer and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, respectively. The degree of crosslinking of the final PSA was evaluated by the gel content value obtained via Soxhlet extraction, while the molecular weights of the soluble parts of PSA polymers were measured by gel permeation chromatography. Dynamic mechanical analysis was used to characterize the viscoelastic performance of PSAs. Moreover, the adhesive properties of PSAs were determined through a series of tests including loop tack force, peel force, and shear resistance. It was found that the C=C double bond and the isocyanate group disappeared after UV radiation and thermal curing process. Dual‐cure acrylate PSAs compensate for limitations in UV‐induced cure of thick coatings. The Tg value, storage modulus (G′), and shear resistance of PSAs were improved while the loop tack force and peel force of PSAs decreased as the KL‐1202 content increased.