bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P092 Infantile osteopetrosis: a case report Traduction en Anglais
Authors: Sakhi A , Scholastique R , Moussali N , Bouayed K 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
Infantile osteopetrosis is a rare genetic disorder characterized by increased bone density due to defective osteoclastic resorption.

Case report
We report the case of a 6 years old girl, born of a consanguineous marriage, hospitalized in our department for bone deformations and visual disturbances. On clinical examination, there was conjunctival pallor, thoracic deformity, genu-valgum and dentigenesis disorder as well as nystagmus and severe loss of visual acuity. The complete blood count showed regenerative normochromic normocytic anaemia as well as thrombocytopenia. Assessment for infectious disorders was negative. The skeletal X-ray revealed diffuse osteocondensation of the skeleton. The CT scan of the rock bones of cranial bases revealed bilateral segmental stenosis of the facial canal with densification of the ossicular chain and thickening of the stapes. Cranio-orbital MRI revealed bilateral optic duct stenosis with atrophy of the optic nerves and chiasma. The diagnosis of osteopetrosis was retained according to this set of clinical and radiological arguments. Unfortunately, the genetic study could not be performed. Histocompatible bone marrow transplant may be curative but was not available for our patient. Genetic counseling was offered for the family as well as dental and orthopedic care.

Conclusion
Infantile osteopetrosis is a rare but serious pathology that can have severe functional repercussion and even be life-threatening, requiring early diagnosis and management.
Prevention and control of HIV/AIDS in China: lessons from the past three decades
Authors: Xu Jun-Jie , Han Meng-Jie , Jiang Yong-Jun , Ding Hai-Bo , Li Xi , Han Xiao-Xu , Lv Fan , Chen Qing-Feng , Zhang Zi-Ning , Cui Hua-Lu , Geng Wen-Qing , Zhang Jing , Wang Qi , Kang Jing , Li Xiao-Lin , Sun Hong , Fu Ya-Jing , An Ming-Hui , Hu Qing-Hai , Chu Zhen-Xing , Liu Ying-Jie , Shang Hong 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In the past 37 years, human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) has undergone various major transmission routes in China, with the world most complex co-circulating HIV-1 subtypes, even the prevalence is still low. In response to the first epidemic outbreak of HIV in injecting drug users and the second one by illegal commercial blood collection, China issued the Anti-Drug Law and launched the Blood Donation Act and nationwide nucleic acid testing, which has avoided 98,232 to 211,200 estimated infections and almost ended the blood product-related infection. China has been providing free antiretroviral therapy (ART) since 2003, which covered >80% of the identified patients and achieved a viral suppression rate of 91%. To bend the curve of increasing the disease burden of HIV and finally end the epidemic, China should consider constraining HIV spread through sexual transmission, narrowing the gaps in identifying HIV cases, and the long-term effectiveness and safety of ART in the future.
Clinical Observation of Corneal Endothelial Plaques With Fungal and Bacterial Keratitis by Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography and In Vivo Confocal Microscopy
Authors: Jin Xin , Jin Hao , Shi Yan , Zhang Nan , Zhang Hong 
Published: November 2021

Purpose:
Endothelial plaque is an important sign of fungal keratitis and is related to diagnosis, surgical indications, and prognosis. However, bacterial keratitis sometimes involves fibrin formation on the back corneal surface, similar to endothelial plaques. Because corneal infiltration interferes with precise observation of the posterior corneal plaque, distinguishing pathogens with a slitlamp is difficult. We hope to assist clinicians in early diagnosis and timely treatment by observing the connection state of endothelial plaques and the corneal endothelium through anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) and the different forms of endothelial plaques in infectious keratopathy through in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM).

Methods:
We analyzed 52 patients in the Eye Hospital of the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University who were clearly diagnosed with fungal or bacterial keratitis with endothelial plaques. All patients underwent AS-OCT and IVCM on admission.

Results:
According to the smear, IVCM, or fungal and bacterial culture results, the patients were diagnosed with fungal (28 patients) or bacterial keratitis (24 patients). AS-OCT in 25 patients diagnosed with fungal keratitis revealed that the corneal endothelium–endothelial plaque boundary was unclear and wavy, and 24 patients had unclear cell boundaries and a large number of compactly distributed inflammatory cells in the endothelial layer according to IVCM. AS-OCT in 23 patients diagnosed with bacterial keratitis revealed clear corneal endothelium–endothelial plaque boundaries, and insufficient endothelial cell boundaries with a large number of visible and scattered inflammatory cell structures were observed through IVCM in 22 patients.

Conclusions:
Corneal endothelial plaque detection by AS-OCT and IVCM can be used for early diagnosis of infectious keratitis.
High Viral Load in Upper Respiratory Specimens of Persons With SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Northern Italian Area
Authors: Valent Francesca , Mazzilis Giada , Doimo Anna , Marzinotto Stefania , Bulfoni Michela , Moretti Valentina , Tullio Annarita , Curcio Francesco , Pipan Corrado 
Published: November 2021

Background
An assessment of viral load in biologic specimens of subjects with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection may have important implications for public health planning. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of high viral load in upper respiratory specimens of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection during the first Italian wave (spring) and at the beginning of the second wave (summer) of the COVID-19 epidemic, through the measurement of cycle threshold (Ct) values from real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction tests conducted at the University Hospital of Udine, Italy, serving 530,000 inhabitants.

Methods
We compared the prevalence of high viral load, defined as Ct ≤ 20 at the first positive test result, in 262 subjects from the spring and 453 from the summer period. Logistic regression was used to account for potential confounding due to sex, age, and severity of infection.

Results
In the spring, 9.2% of subjects had Ct ≤ 20 versus 21.4% in the summer. After adjusting for confounders, the likelihood of having high viral load was 2.9 times higher in the summer than in the spring (95% confidence interval, 1.7–5.0).

Conclusions
In this Italian area, more COVID-19 patients had high viral load in the spring epidemic wave than at the beginning of the second, during the summer. Cycle threshold values may represent useful information to monitor viral load at a population level in subjects with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Difluprednate 0.05% twice a day vs prednisolone acetate 1% 4 times a day for cataract postsurgical inflammation treatment: noninferiority trial
Authors: Valvecchia Gerardo , Kaufer Robert , Ferroni Carlos , Zaldívar Roger , Masseroni Manuela , Idiart Cecilia , Ferroni Valeria , Marino Flavia , Nuñez Myriam , del Papa Melina , Passerini María Silvia 
Published: November 2021

Purpose:
To establish whether difluprednate 0.05% nanoemulsion (DIFL) twice a day is as effective as prednisolone acetate 1% + phenylephrine hydrochloride 0.12% suspension (PRED) 4 times a day for postsurgical inflammation treatment.

Setting:
4 private Argentine ophthalmological centers.

Design:
Noninferiority, prospective, multicenter, double-blind, randomized, parallel-group, comparative trial.

Methods:
A total of 259 patients who underwent phacoemulsification randomly received DIFL or PRED, starting the day before surgery and continuing for 28 days. The primary endpoint was central corneal thickness. Noninferior anti-inflammatory efficacy was considered if the difference of corneal thickness between baseline and day 4 did not differ beyond 17 μm between treatments. Secondary endpoints were cell and flare, corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), endothelial cell count, optical coherence tomography (OCT) central macular thickness, and intraocular pressure. All outcomes were evaluated at baseline and day 1, 4, and 28 postoperatively.

Results:
225 patients finished the study. The difference in corneal thickness at baseline and day 4 did not differ beyond 17 μm between treatments (95% CI −2.78 μm to 14.84 μm), with no statistically significant difference (P = .523). No statistically significant differences were found between groups in total anterior chamber clearance at any study timepoint (P > .05). Moreover, no statistically significant differences were reported between treatments in CDVA (P = .455), endothelial cell count (P = .811), OCT central macular thickness (P = .869), and intraocular pressure outcome (P = .316).

Conclusions:
Difluprednate administered twice a day was at least as effective as prednisolone acetate administered 4 times a day for inflammatory treatment after cataract surgery.
Sofosbuvir-based antiviral therapy provided highly treatment efficacy, safety, and good tolerability for Taiwanese chronic hepatitis C patients with decompensated cirrhosis
Authors: Su Pin-Shuo , Wu Sih-Hsien , Chu Chi-Jen , Su Chien-Wei , Lin Chung-Chi , Lee Shou-Dong , Wang Yuan-Jen , Lee Fa-Yauh , Huang Yi-Hsiang , Hou Ming-Chih 
Published: November 2021

Background:
For patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related decompensated cirrhosis, poor prognosis was documented due to the development of portal hypertension-related complications and hepatocellular carcinoma. Sofosbuvir-based direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) has revolutionized the treatment landscape of HCV, particularly in this subpopulation. To date, real-world efficacy, tolerability, and safety profiles for Taiwanese HCV-related decompensated cirrhosis treated by DAAs have not been reported.

Methods:
Between December 2015 and June 2020, 50 consecutive HCV-related Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) classes B or C cirrhotics treated by sofosbuvir-based DAAs (with daclatasvir: 7, with ledipasvir: 32, with velpatasvir: 10, with ledipasvir then shifted to velpatasvir: 1) were enrolled. Forty-seven (94%) patients used DAAs in combination with low-dose ribavirin. SVR12 was defined by undetectable HCV RNA (<15 IU/mL) at treatment end and 12 weeks after the completion of therapy.

Results:
The mean age of the enrolled patients was 68.1 ± 11.2 years, 18% of the patients were CTP class C, and the baseline HCV RNA level was 5.42 ± 1.2 log10 IU/mL. The genotype distribution was as follows: 1a: 3; 1b: 34; 2: 9; 6: 3; and one patient with an unclassified HCV genotype. After DAAs treatment, the rates of undetectable HCV RNA at week 4 and at the end of the treatment were 88.9% and 98.0%, respectively. Subjective adverse events were reported by 42.0% of the patients, but they were generally mild and could be relieved by medications. One patient did not finish therapy due to sepsis with multiple organ dysfunction. The overall SVR12 rate was 96.0% (CTP class B: 97.6%, CTP class C: 88.9%). A significant improvement in hepatic functional reserve was noted after successful antiviral therapy.

Conclusion:
For patients with HCV-related decompensated cirrhosis, which has been considered a contraindication for interferon-based therapy, sofosbuvir-based all-oral DAAs provided high treatment efficacy, acceptable safety, and good tolerability.
Subacromial Injections of Low- or High-Molecular-Weight Hyaluronate Versus Physical Therapy for Shoulder Tendinopathy: A Randomized Triple-Blind Controlled Trial
Authors: Esmaily Hadi , Mohebbi Rezvaneh , Rezasoltani Zahra , Kasaiyan Seyedalireza , Dadarkhah Afsaneh , Mir Mahshad 
Published: November 2021

Objective:
Shoulder tendinopathy is a prevalent and debilitating problem. We compared the effects of subacromial high- or low-molecular-weight hyaluronate injection with physical therapy (PT) in shoulder tendinopathy.

Design:
A triple-blinded randomized controlled trial.

Setting:
We conducted the trial in an outpatient clinic at a teaching hospital.

Participants:
In total, 79 patients with shoulder tendinopathy were randomly allocated to high- (n = 27) or low-molecular-weight (n = 28) hyaluronate or PT (n = 24) groups.

Interventions:
We administered a 20-mg injection of high- or low-molecular-weight hyaluronate. For PT, we prescribed 10 sessions of physiotherapy and exercise.

Outcome Measures:
The primary outcome was shoulder pain and the secondary outcomes included Disability of the Arm Shoulder and Hand score, shoulder range of movement and QoL. We measured the outcomes at baseline, 1, and 3 months of treatment, and assessed shoulder pain at the sixth month postintervention.

Results:
The interventions were all clinically beneficial in the management of tendinopathy for high- (n = 25) and low-molecular-weight (n = 24) hyaluronate and PT (n = 19) groups (all P < 0.05). However, between-group analyses indicated that hyaluronate preparations were more effective in controlling pain, decreasing disability, increasing range of motion, and improving the quality of life (all P < 0.05). The pain and subjective feeling of rigidity at the injection area (P = 0.012) were less prominent for low-molecular-weight hyaluronate.

Conclusion:
High- or low-molecular-weight hyaluronate is more effective than PT in the treatment of shoulder tendinopathy. The clinical benefits of hyaluronate last for at least 3 months, and the pain alleviation sustains partially for 6 months. Shoulder injection of low-molecular-weight hyaluronate is more tolerable to the patient than high-molecular-weight hyaluronate.
Correction of Traumatic Transverse Mandibular Widening With Interdental Wiring
Authors: Lee Cameron C. , Be Austin , Hajibandeh Jeffrey T. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Mandibular symphysis fractures pose several technical challenges for the craniomaxillofacial surgeon. One classic challenge is restoration of the transverse dimension when the mandible is widened secondary to splaying of the lingual cortex. Failure to diagnose or correct this problem can result in widening of the lower facial third, inadequate fracture reduction, and/or a malocclusion. Surgeons have traditionally utilized techniques such as manual pressure to the rami or lingual splint application to address transverse defects intraoperatively. However, these methods may be inadequate in situations with significant widening, such as in the case of concomitant subcondylar fractures. More recently, virtual surgical planning and custom hardware have been utilized to address mandibular widening, though this method also has various shortcomings. In this technical note, the authors present a simple technique using interdental wiring to precisely control mandibular width intraoperatively. The technique is cost effective, does not require an assistant, and can be used in conjunction with any of the above methods. The authors also present a case of secondary reconstruction in which use of this technique was necessary given a large degree of mandibular widening not amenable to reduction and fixation with manual pressure alone.
A Mathematical Model for Stability Analysis of Covid like Epidemic/Endemic/Pandemic
Authors: Awasthi A.K. , Kumar Sanjeev , Garov Arun Kumar 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe transmission and spread of infectious disease like Covid-19 occurs through horizontal and vertical mode. The causative pathogens for such kind of disease may be bacterium, protozoa, virus or toxin. The infectious diseases like AIDS, SARS, MARS, Polio Plague, Bubonic Plague and Covid-19 have destroyed the social and economic structure of world population. The world scientific community adopts different mechanisms to model and analyse the population dynamics of infectious disease outbreaks. Mathematical Modelling is the most effective tool to take the informed decision about the containment, control and eradication of the pandemic. The main focus of Government and public health authorities is to design the strategy in destabilising the spread and impact of the infections. A series of models-SIR, SEIR, SEIRD, SEAIHCRD, SAUQAR has been under study to combat the Covid-19 since its inception. An effort has been made to design the model based on reproduction number, endemic equilibrium and disease-free equilibrium to curtail the impact of Covid-19 through stability analysis methods-Hurwitz stability criteria, Lyapunov Method and Linear Stability Analysis.
Chromosome breaks in breast cancers occur near herpes tumor virus sequences and explain why the cancer comes back
Authors: Friedenson Bernard 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBreast cancer has a relentless tendency to come back after treatment. Analyses of public data from about 2100 breast cancers produce a model that explains this recurrence and implicates variants of Epstein-Barr viruses (EBV or Human Herpes Virus 4). These viruses cause chromosome breaks. Broken chromosome pieces rejoin abnormally, sometimes including two centromeres. Two centromeres on the same chromosome interfere with cell division. Each centromere gets pulled toward a different pole. This mechanical stress shatters chromosomes. Shattered chromosome fragments rejoin arbitrarily, but showers of mutations accompany their rejoining. In this way, a single break can destabilize the entire genome. The breast cancer phenotype is not fixed and constantly creates new cancer driver genes. The phenotype becomes independent of the original virus and its dosage. Cancer comes back because treatment does not explicitly target the underlying breakage-rejoining cycles or the contributing virus.The following data support this model. EBV causes chromosome breaks, and breast cancer chromosomes often have two centromeres. Breast cancer breakpoints on all chromosomes aggregate around the same positions as breakpoints in cancers definitively associated with EBV infection (nasopharyngeal cancer and endemic Burkitt’s lymphoma). Rejoined boundaries of highly fragmented chromosomes characteristic of breakage fusion cycles cluster around viral sequences. There is presumptive evidence of past infection. Human EBV sequences distribute like retrovirus transposons near dense piRNA clusters at a critical MHC-immune response region of chromosome 6. Other viruses strongly resemble endogenous transposons which piRNAs inactivate by methylation and cleavage. Remnants of exogenous EBV variants sit close to inactive transposons in piRNA sandwiches. The arrangement grossly resembles bacterial CRISPR and adds a layer of DNA protection to the immune system. Breast cancers target this protection with chromosome breaks and mutations and have a distinctive methylation signature nearby. Finally, areas near EBV docking sites can have increased numbers of breaks.Graphical Abstract
Landscape, complexity and regulation of a filamentous fungal transcriptome
Authors: Lu Ping , Chen Daipeng , Qi Zhaomei , Wang Haoming , Chen Yitong , Wang Qinhu , Jiang Cong , Liu Huiquan , Xu Jin-Rong 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTAlternative splicing (AS) and alternative polyadenylation (APA) of pre-mRNAs contribute greatly to transcriptome complexity and gene expression regulation in higher eukaryotes. Their biological impact in filamentous fungi, however, has been poorly studied. Here we combine PacBio Isoform Sequencing and strand-specific RNA-Seq of multiple tissues together with mutant characterization to reveal the landscape, complexity and regulation of AS and APA in the filamentous plant pathogenic fungusFusarium graminearum. We updated the reference genome and generated a comprehensive annotation comprising 51,617 transcript isoforms from 17,189 genes. Majority of the transcripts represent novel isoforms, including 2,998 undiscovered protein-coding genes. In total, 42.7% of multi-exonic genes and 64.8% of genes have AS and APA isoforms, respectively, suggesting AS and APA increase previously unrecognized transcriptome complexity in fungi. Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay factor FgUPF1 may not degrade AS transcripts with premature-stop codons but regulate ribosome biogenesis. Distal polyadenylation sites have a strong signal but proximal polyadenylation isoforms are high expressed. The core 3’-end processing factors FgRNA15, FgHRP1, and FgFIP1 play important roles in promoting proximal polyadenylation site usage and also intron splicing. Genome-wide increase in the abundance of transcripts with retained introns and long 3’-UTRs and downregulation of the spliceosomal and 3’-end processing factors are found in older tissues and quiescent conidia, indicating that intron retention and 3’-UTR lengthening may be a transcriptional signature of aging and dormancy in fungi. Overall, our study generates a comprehensive full-length transcript annotation forF. graminearumand provides new insights into the complexity and regulation of transcriptome in filamentous fungi.
Frontline Healthcare workers suffering from psychosomatic disorders during COVID-19 (a pandemic) – A Systematic review
Authors: Joshi Rhythm , Agarwal Nidhi.B. , Bhurani Dinesh , Khan Mohd Ashif 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposeThe emergence of SARS CoV-2, has imposed high pressure on the healthcare system worldwide. As a consequence, frontline healthcare workers were impacted widely. The aim of this systematic review is to examine the impact of COVID-19 on mental status of FHW during pandemic.MethodsDatabases such as PubMed, Scopus, google scholar were searched extensively from the date of inception till April 2021. All cross-sectional studies published in English assessing the mental condition and well-being of frontline caregivers during COVID-19 were included in the study. The quality assessment was done by Newcastle Ottawa scale.ResultsTen thousand eight hundred sixty-nine articles were found. After conscientious literature search, total 78 articles were included satisfying the objective of the review. The highest and lowest values for the rates of depression, anxiety and insomnia was found to be 99.51% & 6.07%, 85.7% & 73.6%, and 5.3% & 11.4%, respectively.ConclusionIt has been found that FHW were psychologically impacted by the pandemic. This could be due to lack of resources such as PPE, organizational support, inefficient relevant knowledge regarding the novel virus, its extremely indelible transmission rates, fear of contamination, stigmatization, and/or due to prevalence of ignorance by government and health policy makers.Prospero registration no-CRD42021244612
Neural assemblies uncovered by generative modeling explain whole-brain activity statistics and reflect structural connectivity
Authors: van der Plas Thijs L. , Tubiana Jérôme , Le Goc Guillaume , Migault Geoffrey , Kunst Michael , Baier Herwig , Bormuth Volker , Englitz Bernhard , Debrégeas Georges 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPatterns of endogenous activity in the brain reflect a stochastic exploration of the neuronal state space that is constrained by the underlying assembly organization of neurons. Yet it remains to be shown that this interplay between neurons and their assembly dynamics indeed suffices to generate whole-brain data statistics. Here we recorded the activity from ~ 40,000 neurons simultaneously in zebrafish larvae, and show that a data-driven generative model of neuron-assembly interactions can accurately reproduce the mean activity and pairwise correlation statistics of their spontaneous activity. This model, the compositional Restricted Boltzmann Machine (cRBM), unveils ~ 200 neural assemblies, which compose neurophysiological circuits and whose various com-binations form successive brain states. We then performed in silico perturbation experiments to determine the interregional functional connectivity, which is conserved across individual animals and correlates well with structural connectivity. Our results showcase how cRBMs can capture the coarse-grained organization of the zebrafish brain. Notably, this generative model can readily be deployed to parse neural data obtained by other large-scale recording techniques.