bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Healthcare providers' perceptions of virtual‐care with children's mental health in a pandemic: A hospital and community perspective
Authors: Romanchych Erin , Desai Riddhi , Bartha Christina , Carson Neill , Korenblum Marshall , Monga Suneeta 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimThe purpose of the present study was to explore the experiences of a diverse group of mental health clinicians both in hospital and in the community, who were required to rapidly adopt virtual‐care practices in the delivery of mental health services to children, adolescents, and their families.MethodsMental health clinicians (N = 117) completed the Clinician Virtual‐Care Experience Survey assessing the following domains: ease of technology use, client/patient‐provider interaction quality, and clinician wellbeing.ResultsAlthough over 70% of clinicians had not used virtual‐care to deliver mental health services prior to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic, more than 80% felt it was easy to operate the virtual platforms. Clinicians were divided in their perceptions of the effectiveness of virtual‐care, with only 42% reporting that they felt they were as effective in delivering healthcare services virtually as compared to in‐person. Virtual‐care was described as being more effective for specific populations, while challenges were described in building rapport and when delivering difficult or unexpected feedback.ConclusionsClinicians felt there were some benefits of adopting virtual‐care practices, while challenges were also identified. Understanding of the impact of virtual‐care on service providers is essential in order to strengthen mental healthcare for children, adolescents, and their families even beyond the pandemic.
Selection of sites for field trials of genetically engineered mosquitoes with gene drive
Authors: Lanzaro Gregory C. , Campos Melina , Crepeau Marc , Cornel Anthony , Estrada Abram , Gripkey Hans , Haddad Ziad , Kormos Ana , Palomares Steven 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNovel malaria control strategies using genetically engineered mosquitoes (GEMs) are on the horizon. Population modification is one approach wherein mosquitoes are engineered with genes rendering them refractory to the malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, coupled with a low‐threshold, Cas9‐based gene drive. When released into a wild vector population, GEMs preferentially transmit these parasite‐blocking genes to their offspring, ultimately modifying a vector population into a nonvector one. Deploying this technology awaits ecologically contained field trial evaluations. Here, we consider a process for site selection, the first critical step in designing a trial. Our goal is to identify a site that maximizes prospects for success, minimizes risk, and serves as a fair, valid, and convincing test of efficacy and impacts of a GEM product intended for large‐scale deployment in Africa. We base site selection on geographic, geological, and biological, rather than social or legal, criteria. We recognize the latter as critically important but not as a first step in selecting a site. We propose physical islands as being the best candidates for a GEM field trial and present an evaluation of 22 African islands. We consider geographic and genetic isolation, biological complexity, island size, and topography and identify two island groups that satisfy key criteria for ideal GEM field trial sites.
Angiotensin aldosterone inhibitors improve survival and ameliorate kidney injury induced by sepsis through suppression of inflammation and apoptosis
Authors: Al‐Kadi Alaa , El‐Daly Mahmoud , El‐Tahawy Nashwa F. G. , Khalifa Mohamed Montaser A. , Ahmed Al‐Shaimaa F. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSepsis is an extensive life‐threatening illness that occurs due to an abnormal host response that extends through the initial storm of inflammation and oxidative stress and terminates at the late stage of immunosuppression. Among global intensive care units, sepsis‐induced acute kidney injury is reported with high mortality rate. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of the renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibition on sepsis outcomes. Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) procedure was applied for sepsis induction. The experimental design constituted of five groups of rats: sham, CLP‐nontreated and CLP‐treated with ramipril (10 mg/kg, p.o.), losartan (20 mg/kg, i.p.) and spironolactone (25 mg/kg, p.o.). Twenty‐four hours after surgery, rats were euthanized for blood and tissue samples, which were used for assessment of serum inflammatory markers, and oxidative stress parameters, as well as to kidney function parameters. The tissue samples were used for histological and caspase‐3 assessment. A survival study was conducted using another set of animals. Our results showed that the different RAAS inhibitors showed protective effects evidenced by enhanced overall survival following sepsis (80% in ramipril and spironolactone‐treated and 60% in losartan‐treated vs. 10% in the septic group), in addition to improved renal function parameters and reduction of oxidative stress and inflammation. The timely use of RAAS inhibitors during sepsis might represent a new therapeutic approach in septic patient.
Patient preferences and priorities for haemophilia gene therapy in the US: A discrete choice experiment
Authors: Witkop Michelle , Morgan George , O'Hara Jamie , Recht Michael , Buckner Tyler W. , Nugent Diane , Curtis Randall , O'Mahony Brian , Skinner Mark W. , Mulhern Brendan , Cawson Matthew , Ali Talaha M. , Sawyer Eileen K. , Li Nanxin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionGene therapy has shown promise in clinical trials for patients with haemophilia, but patient preference studies have focused on factor replacement treatments.AimWe conducted a discrete choice experiment (DCE) to investigate the relative importance and differential preferences patients provide for gene therapy attributes.MethodsWe surveyed male adults with haemophilia in the United States recruited from patient panels including the National Hemophilia Foundation Community Voices in Research platform using an online survey over 4 months in 2020/21. Participants indicated preferences for gene therapy attributes including dosing frequency/durability, effect on annual bleeding, uncertainty related to side effects, impact on daily activities, impact on mental health, and post‐treatment requirements. The relative importance of each attribute was analysed overall and for subgroups based on haemophilia type and severity.ResultsA total of 183 males with haemophilia A (n = 120) or B (n = 63) were included. Half (47%) had severe haemophilia; most (75%) were White. Overall, participants gave effect on bleeding rate the greatest relative importance (31%), followed by dose frequency/durability (26%), uncertainty regarding safety issues (17%), and impact on daily activities (11%). Dose frequency/durability had the greatest importance for those with haemophilia B (35%).ConclusionPeople with haemophilia prioritised reduced bleeding and treatment burden; the former was more important in haemophilia A and the latter in haemophilia B, followed by safety and impact on daily life in this DCE of gene therapy attributes. These findings and differences can inform clinical and health policy decisions to improve health equity for people with haemophilia.
Radial cracking at Vickers indentations in pristine flat/square silica fibers
Authors: Kurkjian Chuck R. , Allameh Seyed M. , Yoshida Satoshi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIt has been found that the pristine surface of as‐drawn, flat silica fibers can be indented in air (~50%RH) using a Vickers diamond at a load of 11N without severe cracking during loading. Cracking does occur during unloading, but rather than ring and cone cracks as has been found by many others, radial cracks are observed: essentially as found in “normal” silicate glasses. This normal type cracking in silica glass has been also observed in detail at a high magnification by using a self‐made indentation microscope. It is suggested that the ring/cone cracks usually seen in a silica glass plate are the result of the propagation of the flaws normally present on surface, that is, “pre‐existing cracks.” The data are discussed using Yoffe's model which represents the indentation stress field.
Building community and resilience in Massachusetts nursing homes during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Baughman Amy W. , Renton Marina , Wehbi Nizar K. , Sheehan Eric J. , Gregorio Tara M. , Yurkofsky Mark , Levine Sharon , Jackson Vicki , Pu Chuck T. , Lipsitz Lewis A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic, frontline nursing home staff faced extraordinary stressors including high infection and mortality rates and ever‐changing and sometimes conflicting federal and state regulations. To support nursing homes in evidence‐based infection control practices, the Massachusetts Senior Care Association and Hebrew SeniorLife partnered with the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality AHRQ ECHO National Nursing Home COVID‐19 Action Network (the network). This educational program provided 16 weeks of free weekly virtual sessions to 295 eligible nursing homes, grouped into nine cohorts of 30–33 nursing homes. Eighty‐three percent of eligible nursing homes in Massachusetts participated in the Network, and Hebrew SeniorLife's Training Center served the vast majority. Each cohort was led by geriatrics clinicians and nursing home leaders, and coaches trained in quality improvement. The interactive sessions provided timely updates on COVID‐19 infection control best practices to improve care and also created a peer‐to‐peer learning community to share ongoing challenges and potential solutions. The weekly Network meetings were a source of connection, emotional support, and validation and may be a valuable mechanism to support resilience and well‐being for nursing home staff.
Analysis of the transmission mode of sugarcane white leaf phytoplasma in Gengma, Yunnan Province, China
Authors: Shan Hong‐Li , Zhang Rong‐Yue , Wang Xiao‐Yan , Cang Xiao‐Yan , Wang Chang‐Mi , Li Wen‐Feng , Yin Jiong , Luo Zhi‐Ming , Huang Ying‐Kun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSugarcane white leaf (SCWL) is a destructive new sugarcane disease that has spread rapidly throughout low‐latitude plateau regions of Yunnan Province, China. To determine the transmission mode of SCWL phytoplasma in this region, the transmission mode of SCWL phytoplasma was analysed in the Gengma sugarcane area of Lincang City, Yunnan Province, where SCWL is severe. Five susceptible sugarcane varieties were grown with phytoplasma‐infected and pathogen‐free seedcane in 2018–2019, and then, systematic comparisons of newly emerging and ratoon crops were carried out. Comparisons using insect‐proof netting were also performed to confirm the role of insect vectors. The average rate of disease in newly emerging and ratoon crops grown with phytoplasma‐infected seedcane was 11.7%–72.9%, while in plants grown with pathogen‐free seedcane, 0% disease was observed. Moreover, the average rate in plants grown with pathogen‐free seedcane under insect‐proof netting was also 0%. These results suggest that the main transmission mode of SCWL phytoplasma was seedcane with phytoplasma in Gengma sugarcane area (SCWL serious occurrence area) of Lincang City, Yunnan Province. These findings provide a foundation for further studies of sugarcane phytoplasma disease, as well as a scientific basis for the effective prevention and control of SCWL in low‐latitude plateau regions in Yunnan Province.
Variations in maxillary second molar position of untreated subjects with normal occlusions: A long‐term observational study
Authors: Giuntini Veronica , Nieri Michele , Goracci Cecilia , Ruellas Antonio C. , McNamara James A. , Franchi Lorenzo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe purpose of the present study was to evaluate the long‐term variations in maxillary second molar position in untreated subjects with normal occlusion.Setting and sample populationA sample of 39 subjects (18 females and 21 males) selected from the University of Michigan Growth Study (UMGS) was followed longitudinally with digital dental casts at 3 observation times: T1, when the maxillary permanent second molars were fully erupted, T2, last observation available in the longitudinal series (38 subjects), and T3, at least 20 years after T2 (12 subjects).Materials and methodsDigital measurements were recorded with an open‐source software. Outcome variables were sagittal and transverse inclinations of the upper second molars. Two mixed‐effect models were performed.ResultsThe maxillary second molars had a distolingual inclination at T1, T2 and T3. Sagittal and transverse inclination showed progressive significant uprighting from T1 through T3 (P < .001). From T1 to T2, the adjusted difference in sagittal crown inclination was 8.0° (95% CI from 6.5° to 9.6°; P < .001). From T2 to T3, the adjusted difference was 5.5° (95% CI from 3.0° to 8.1°; P < .001). From T1 to T2, the adjusted difference in transverse crown inclination was 1.9° (95% CI from 0.4° to 3.5°; P = .011). From T2 to T3, the adjusted difference was 6.0° (95% CI from 3.4° to 8.5°; P < .001).ConclusionsAlong with age, maxillary second molars showed a progressive significant uprighting with a decrease in the distal and lingual inclinations.
Oral hygiene in patients with motor neuron disease requires attention: A cross‐sectional survey study
Authors: Makizodila Berthe A.M. , van de Wijdeven Johanna H.E. , de Soet Johannes J. , van Selms Maurits K.A. , Volgenant Catherine M.C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimsMotor Neuron Disease (MND) is a progressive neurodegenerative neuromuscular disease, which can progressively impair arm‐hand function. Needs and barriers of MND patients and their caregivers in performing oral hygiene were studied.MethodsAn online survey was sent to 706 MND patients. The questions of the survey included self‐reliance, self‐reported oral health, and oral hygiene. The oral health‐related quality of life (GOHAI‐NL) and the subjective well‐being (ALSAQ‐5) were also measured.ResultsA total of 259 patients responded (36.7%), of which 71.9% stated not to be informed about the importance of maintaining good oral health by their MND treatment team. Moreover, 40.4% would like to receive help concerning oral hygiene from a dental professional. 19.8% were not satisfied about oral care as conducted by themselves or their caregivers. Patients who do not ask for support with their daily oral care had a significantly worse oral health‐related quality of life compared to patients who do ask for support.ConclusionsThe support for daily oral hygiene of MND patients and their barriers to requesting support needs more attention from both MND‐treatment teams and general dental professionals.
Scepticisms in the Formation of Islamic Rational Theology: Abū al‐Qāsim al‐Balkhī and Ibn al‐Malāḥimī Providing a Window on the Transmission of Arguments from Late Antiquity
Authors: Eichner Heidrun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNewly accessible source material calls for a revision of our picture of the more technical transmission of sceptical epistemologies in the intellectual landscape of early Islam. Abū al‐Qāsim al‐Balkhīʼs (ninth/tenth century) Book of Doctrines shows that naẓar as the basic argumentative method of kalām is defined by the encounter with a broad spectrum of sceptical strategies. By the beginning of the tenth century, Greek traditions were amalgamated in a complex way with other intellectual traditions, most notably dualist ontologies. This situation has shaped the evolution of kalām methodology decisively. Based on extensive paraphrases in Ibn al‐Malāḥimī (twelfth century) going back to Nawbakhtī (tenth century), it can be seen that arguments of the Greek sceptical tradition were accessible in Arabic in the early tenth century. The scarcity of coherent information on sceptical approaches before that time rather has to do with the problem that in general few sources of this earlier formative period of Islamic theology are preserved. Early Muʿtazilī treatises from this period are superseded by Ashʿarī texts in the later transmission. Sceptical approaches, being systematically involved in the very formation of early Muʿtazilī theology, are particularly invisible due to this process.
The addition of adjunctive letermovir to valganciclovir for refractory cytomegalovirus viremia in kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Jorgenson Margaret R. , Descourouez Jillian L. , Garg Neetika , Parajuli Sandesh , Mandelbrot Didier A. , Odorico Jon S. , Saddler Christopher M. , Smith Jeannina A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurposePersistent viral replication resulting in ongoing cytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia despite adequate therapy is difficult to manage and associated with negative outcomes. We report a case series of kidney transplant recipients receiving adjunctive letermovir in combination with valganciclovir for refractory CMV.MethodsAdult patients receiving a kidney or kidney‐pancreas transplant were included if they developed CMV viremia and initiated letermovir 480 mg daily as part of a dual therapy regimen with valganciclovir 900 mg twice daily between 1/9/2020 and 31/12/2020. Included patients received ≥90 days of valganciclovir and had a detectable viral load less than 1000 Iu/ml (log10 < 3) at the time of letermovir initiation. The primary objective was to evaluate the impact of adjunctive letermovir on viral clearance to negativity. We also evaluated effect of letermovir on tacrolimus levels.ResultsEight patients were included. Letermovir was added 223 ± 105 days after initiation of CMV treatment with ganciclovir derivatives. Median viral load at initiation was 139.7 (range: 73–355) IU/ml and did not clear or change significantly after 2, 4 and 12 weeks of adjunctive letermovir (132.5 [range: 34.5–513] IU/ml vs. 68.7 [range: 34.5–574] IU/ml vs. 78.3 [range: 34.5–347] IU/ml, p > 0.05). Tacrolimus was reduced by ∼30% in anticipation of a letermovir‐tacrolimus drug interaction. Despite this reduction, mean tacrolimus serum levels two weeks after adjunctive letermovir increased by 43% (5.6 ± 1.6 ng/ml vs 8.0 ± 4.6 ng/ml).ConclusionIn kidney and kidney‐pancreas recipients with refractory CMV, the use of adjunctive letermovir did not result in viral clearance. Additionally, despite a mean tacrolimus dose reduction of 30% at letermovir initiation, serum concentrations increased by over 40%. Further investigation into the optimal approach to refractory CMV is needed.
The mitochondrial and chloroplast dual targeting of a multifunctional plant viral protein modulates chloroplast‐to‐nucleus communication, RNA silencing suppressor activity, encapsidation, pathogenesis and tissue tropism
Authors: Navarro Jose A. , Saiz‐Bonilla Maria , Sanchez‐Navarro Jesus A. , Pallas Vicente 
Published: July 2021

SUMMARYPlant defense against melon necrotic spot virus (MNSV) is triggered by the viral auxiliary replicase p29 that is targeted to mitochondrial membranes causing morphological alterations, oxidative burst and necrosis. Here we show that MNSV coat protein (CP) was also targeted to mitochondria and mitochondrial‐derived replication complexes [viral replication factories or complex (VRC)], in close association with p29, in addition to chloroplasts. CP import resulted in the cleavage of the R/arm domain previously implicated in genome binding during encapsidation and RNA silencing suppression (RSS). We also show that CP organelle import inhibition enhanced RSS activity, CP accumulation and VRC biogenesis but resulted in inhibition of systemic spreading, indicating that MNSV whole‐plant infection requires CP organelle import. We hypothesize that to alleviate the p29 impact on host physiology, MNSV could moderate its replication and p29 accumulation by regulating CP RSS activity through organelle targeting and, consequently, eluding early‐triggered antiviral response. Cellular and molecular events also suggested that S/P domains, which correspond to processed CP in chloroplast stroma or mitochondrion matrix, could mitigate host response inhibiting p29‐induced necrosis. S/P deletion mainly resulted in a precarious balance between defense and counter‐defense responses, generating either cytopathic alterations and MNSV cell‐to‐cell movement restriction or some degree of local movement. In addition, local necrosis and defense responses were dampened when RSS activity but not S/P organelle targeting was affected. Based on a robust biochemical and cellular analysis, we established that the mitochondrial and chloroplast dual targeting of MNSV CP profoundly impacts the viral infection cycle.
Nuclear–cytoplasmic balance: whole genome duplications induce elevated organellar genome copy number
Authors: Fernandes Gyorfy Matheus , Miller Emma R. , Conover Justin L. , Grover Corrinne E. , Wendel Jonathan F. , Sloan Daniel B. , Sharbrough Joel 
Published: July 2021

SUMMARYThe plant genome is partitioned across three distinct subcellular compartments: the nucleus, mitochondria, and plastids. Successful coordination of gene expression among these organellar genomes and the nuclear genome is critical for plant function and fitness. Whole genome duplication (WGD) events in the nucleus have played a major role in the diversification of land plants and are expected to perturb the relative copy number (stoichiometry) of nuclear, mitochondrial, and plastid genomes. Thus, elucidating the mechanisms whereby plant cells respond to the cytonuclear stoichiometric imbalance that follows WGDs represents an important yet underexplored question in understanding the evolutionary consequences of genome doubling. We used droplet digital PCR to investigate the relationship between nuclear and organellar genome copy numbers in allopolyploids and their diploid progenitors in both wheat and Arabidopsis. Polyploids exhibit elevated organellar genome copy numbers per cell, largely preserving the cytonuclear stoichiometry observed in diploids despite the change in nuclear genome copy number. To investigate the timescale over which cytonuclear stoichiometry may respond to WGD, we also estimated the organellar genome copy number in Arabidopsis synthetic autopolyploids and in a haploid‐induced diploid line. We observed corresponding changes in organellar genome copy number in these laboratory‐generated lines, indicating that at least some of the cellular response to cytonuclear stoichiometric imbalance is immediate following WGD. We conclude that increases in organellar genome copy numbers represent a common response to polyploidization, suggesting that maintenance of cytonuclear stoichiometry is an important component in establishing polyploid lineages.