bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Color Blind Test Using Ishihara Method for Mercu Buana University Prospective Students Selection
Authors: Asri Sri Dianing , Darmawan Adhitya Dwiki , Wibowo Novianti Putri , Wibowo Dimas Riyanto 
Published: October 2021

Mercu Buana University is a private university which consists of seven faculties. At the Faculty of Design and Creative Arts, Faculty of Communication Sciences and Faculty of Engineering, additional requirements are required for new student candidates, i.e. a color blindness free certificate. Color blindness is a vision disorder caused by the inability of the eye cone cells to perceive a certain spectrum of colors. There are many ways to test someone's color blindness, one of which is by using the Ishihara method. To obtain a color blindness free certificate, prospective students must visit a clinic or hospital, carry out the applicable color blind test procedure, then bring the results to campus. Based on these problems, the research was conducted with the aim of making a color blind test application that can issue a recommendation letter based on the test results of prospective new students. The system development method uses System Development Life Cycle. The results of the study were an android-based color blind test application that was able to detect color blindness using the Ishihara method and issued a recommendation letter based on the test results of prospective new students in the on-time application.
The Roles of Genetic and Early-Life Environmental Factors in the Association Between Overweight or Obesity and Hypertension: A Population-Based Twin Study
Authors: Xi Yu’e , Gao Wenjing , Zheng Ke , Lv Jun , Yu Canqing , Wang Shengfeng , Huang Tao , Sun Dianjianyi , Liao Chunxiao , Pang Yuanjie , Pang Zengchang , Yu Min , Wang Hua , Wu Xianping , Dong Zhong , Wu Fan , Jiang Guohong , Wang Xiaojie , Liu Yu , Deng Jian , Lu Lin , Cao Weihua , Li Liming 
Published: October 2021

Aims/HypothesisWe aimed to explore whether and to what extent overweight or obesity could increase the risk of hypertension, and further to estimate the roles of genetic and early-life familial environmental factors in their association.MethodsThis prospective twin study was based on the Chinese National Twin Registry (CNTR), which collected information from self-report questionnaires. We conducted unmatched case-control analysis to examine the association between overweight or obesity and hypertension. And further to explore whether genetics and familiar environments shared within a twin pair, accounted for their association via co-twin matched case-control design. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) models and conditional logistic regressions were used in the unmatched and matched analyses, respectively. Then, we used logistic regressions to test the difference in odds ratios (ORs) between the unmatched and matched analyses. Finally, through bivariate twin model, the roles of genetic and environmental factors in the body mass index (BMI)- hypertension association were estimated.ResultsOverall, we included a total of 30,617 twin individuals, of which 7533 (24.6%) twin participants were overweight or obesity and 757 (2.5%) developed hypertension during a median follow-up time of 4.4 years. In the GEE model, overweight or obesity was associated with a 94% increased risk of hypertension (OR=1.94, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.64~2.30). In the conditional logistic regression, the multi-adjusted OR was 1.80 (95% CI: 1.18~2.74). The difference in OR between unmatched and matched analyses was significant (P=0.016). Specifically, overweight or obesity was not associated with hypertension risk in the co-twin design when we full controlled genetic and familiar environmental factors (OR=0.89, 95 CI: 0.46~1.72). After controlling for age and sex, we found the positive BMI-hypertension association was mainly explained by a genetic correlation between them (rA= 0.59, 95% CI: 0.44~1.00).Conclusions/InterpretationGenetics and early-life environments shared by participants within a twin pair appear to account for the association between overweight or obesity and hypertension risk.
Study on Hydrate Phase Equilibrium Diagram of Methane Containing System Based on Thermodynamic Model
Authors: Liang Hao , Duan Yonggang , Pei Jun , Wei Na 
Published: October 2021

Natural gas hydrate is a potential energy source in the future, which widely occurs in nature and industrial activities, and its formation and decomposition are identified by phase equilibrium. The calculation of multicomponent gas phase equilibrium is more complex than that of single component gas, which depends on the accurate model characterized by enthalpy and free energy. Based on the Kvamme-Tanaka statistical thermodynamic model, theoretical and experimental methods were used to predict and verify the phase equilibrium of pure methane hydrate and carbon dioxide hydrate in the temperature range of 273.17–289.05 K. The phase equilibrium curves of methane-containing gases such as CH4+CO2,CH4+C2H6,CH4+H2S and CH4+CO2+H2S under different mole fractions were drawn and analyzed, and the decomposition or formation enthalpy and free energy of hydrate were calculated. The results show that, the phase equilibrium curves of the methane containing systems is mainly related to the guest molecule type and the composition of gas. The evolution law of phase equilibrium pressure of different gases varies with composition and temperature, and the phase splitting of CO2at the quadruple point affects the phase equilibrium conditions. Due to the consideration of the interaction between the motion of guest molecules and the vibration of crystal lattice, the model exhibits a good performance, which is quantified in terms of mean square error (MSE) with respect to the experimental data. The magnitudes of MSE percent are respectively 1.2, 4.8, 15.12 and 9.20 MPa2for CH4+CO2, CH4+C2H6, CH4+H2S and CH4+CO2+H2S systems, and the values are as low as 3.57 and 1.32 MPa2for pure methane and carbon dioxide, respectively. This study provides engineers and researchers who want to consult the diagrams at any time with some new and accurate experimental data, calculated results and phase equilibrium curves. The research results are of great significance to the development and utilization of gas hydrate and the flow safety prediction of gas gathering and transportation.
Teriflunomide Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis Selectively Modulates CD8 Memory T Cells
Authors: Tilly Gaëlle , Cadoux Marion , Garcia Alexandra , Morille Jérémy , Wiertlewski Sandrine , Pecqueur Claire , Brouard Sophie , Laplaud David , Degauque Nicolas 
Published: October 2021

Background and ObjectivesInhibition ofde novopyrimidine synthesis in proliferating T and B lymphocytes by teriflunomide, a pharmacological inhibitor of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), has been shown to be an effective therapy to treat patients with MS in placebo-controlled phase 3 trials. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism contributing to the efficacy of DHODH inhibition has been only partially elucidated. Here, we aimed to determine the impact of teriflunomide on the immune compartment in a longitudinal high-dimensional follow-up of patients with relapse-remitting MS (RRMS) treated with teriflunomide.MethodsHigh-dimensional spectral flow cytometry was used to analyze the phenotype and the function of innate and adaptive immune system of patients with RRMS before and 12 months after teriflunomide treatment. In addition, we assessed the impact of teriflunomide on the migration of memory CD8 T cells in patients with RRMS, and we defined patient immune metabolic profiles.ResultsWe found that 12 months of treatment with teriflunomide in patients with RRMS does not affect the B cell or CD4 T cell compartments, including regulatory TREGfollicular helper TFHcell and helper THcell subsets. In contrast, we observed a specific impact of teriflunomide on the CD8 T cell compartment, which was characterized by decreased homeostatic proliferation and reduced production of TNFα and IFNγ. Furthermore, we showed that DHODH inhibition also had a negative impact on the migratory velocity of memory CD8 T cells in patients with RRMS. Finally, we showed that the susceptibility of memory CD8 T cells to DHODH inhibition was not related to impaired metabolism.DiscussionOverall, these findings demonstrate that the clinical efficacy of teriflunomide results partially in the specific susceptibility of memory CD8 T cells to DHODH inhibition in patients with RRMS and strengthens active roles for these T cells in the pathophysiological process of MS.
Characteristics of Anti-Contactin1 Antibody-Associated Autoimmune Nodopathies With Concomitant Membranous Nephropathy
Authors: Xu Qianhui , Liu Shuhu , Zhang Peng , Wang Zhen , Chang Xin , Liu Yulu , Yan Jiahe , He Ruirong , Luo Xiaoguang , Zou Liang-Yu , Chu Xiaofan , Guo Yi , Huang Suli , Fu Xuejun , Huang Ying 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundThe concurrence of anti-contactin 1 (CNTN1) antibody-associated chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) and membranous nephropathy (MN) has previously been reported in the literature. CIDP with autoantibodies against paranodal proteins are defined as autoimmune nodopathies (AN) in the latest research. In view of the unclear relationship between CIDP and MN, we performed a case study and literature review to investigate the clinical characteristics of anti-CNTN antibody-associated AN with MN.MethodsWe detected antibodies against NF155, NF186, CNTN1, CNTN2, CASPR1 and PLA2R in blood samples of a patient with clinically manifested MN and concomitant peripheral neuropathyviadouble immunofluorescence staining and conducted a quantitative measurement of anti-PLA2R IgG antibodiesviaenzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Case reports of anti-CNTN1 antibody-associated AN, anti-CNTN1 antibody-associated AN with MN, and CIDP with MN were retrieved through a literature search for a comparative analysis of clinical characteristics. The cases were grouped according to the chronological order of CIDP and MN onset for the comparison of clinical characteristics.ResultsA 57-year-old man with anti-PLA2R positive MN was admitted to the hospital due to limb numbness, weakness, and proprioceptive sensory disorder. He was diagnosed with anti-CNTN1 antibody-associated AN and recovered well after immunotherapy. Our literature search returned 22 cases of CIDP with MN that occurred before, after, or concurrently with CIDP. Good responses were achieved with early single-agent or combination immunotherapy, but eight out of the 22 patients with CIDP and concomitant MN ultimately developed different motor sequelae. Five patients had anti-CNTN1 antibody-associated AN with MN. Among these patients, males accounted for the majority of cases (male:female=4:1), the mean age at onset was late (60.2 ± 15.7 years, range 43–78 years), and 40% had acute to subacute onset. Clinical manifestations included sensory-motor neuropathy, sensory ataxia caused by proprioceptive impairment, and elevated cerebrospinal fluid protein levels.ConclusionThe age at onset of CIDP with MN was earlier than that of anti-CNTN1 antibody-associated AN. MN may occur before, after or concurrently with CIDP. The early detection and isotyping of anti-CNTN1 and anti-PLA2R antibodies and the monitoring of isotype switching may be essential for suspected CIDP patients.
Dyspnea Measurement in Acute Heart Failure: A Systematic Review and Evidence Map of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyu , Zhao Chen , Zhang Houjun , Liu Wenjing , Zhang Jingjing , Chen Zhao , You Liangzhen , Wu Yuzhuo , Zhou Kehua , Zhang Lijing , Liu Yan , Chen Jianxin , Shang Hongcai 
Published: October 2021

Background: Dyspnea is the most common presenting symptom among patients hospitalized for acute heart failure (AHF). Dyspnea relief constitutes a clinically relevant therapeutic target and endpoint for clinical trials and regulatory approval. However, there have been no widely accepted dyspnea measurement standards in AHF. By systematic review and mapping the current evidence of the applied scales, timing, and results of measurement, we hope to provide some new insights and recommendations for dyspnea measurement.Methods: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched from inception until August 27, 2020. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with dyspnea severity measured as the endpoint in patients with AHF were included.Results: Out of a total of 63 studies, 28 had dyspnea as the primary endpoint. The Likert scale (34, 54%) and visual analog scale (VAS) (22, 35%) were most widely used for dyspnea assessment. Among the 43 studies with detailed results, dyspnea was assessed most frequently on days 1, 2, 3, and 6 h after randomization or drug administration. Compared with control groups, better dyspnea relief was observed in the experimental groups in 21 studies. Only four studies that assessed tolvaptan compared with control on the proportion of dyspnea improvement met the criteria for meta-analyses, which did not indicate beneficial effect of dyspnea improvement on day 1 (RR: 1.16; 95% CI: 0.99–1.37; p = 0.07; I2 = 61%).Conclusion: The applied scales, analytical approaches, and timing of measurement are in diversity, which has impeded the comprehensive evaluation of clinical efficacy of potential therapies managing dyspnea in patients with AHF. Developing a more general measurement tool established on the unified unidimensional scales, standardized operation protocol to record the continuation, and clinically significant difference of dyspnea variation may be a promising approach. In addition, to evaluate the effect of experimental therapies on dyspnea more precisely, the screening time and blinded assessment are factors that need to be considered.
Integrative Analysis of Metallothioneins Identifies MT1H as Candidate Prognostic Biomarker in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Feng , Guo Shuijiao , Zhong Wenhui , Huang Kaijun , Liu Yubin 
Published: October 2021

Background: Metallothioneins (MTs) play crucial roles in the modulation of zinc/copper homeostasis, regulation of neoplastic growth and proliferation, and protection against apoptosis. The present study attempted to visualize the prognostic landscape of MT functional isoforms and identify potential prognostic biomarkers in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods: The transcriptional expression, comprehensive prognostic performances, and gene–gene interaction network of MT isoforms in HCC were evaluated via Oncomine, GEPIA, Kaplan–Meier plotter, and GeneMANIA databases. Characterized by good prognostic value in three external cohorts, MT1H was specifically selected as a potential prognostic biomarker in HCC with various clinicopathological features. Functional and pathway enrichment analyses of MT1H status were performed using cBioPortal, the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID), and ssGSVA method.Results:MT1E/1F/1G/1H/1M/1X/2A was greatly downregulated in HCC. Prognostic analyses elucidated the essential correlations between MT1A/1B/1H/1X/2A/4 attenuation and poor overall survival, between MT1B/1H/4 downregulation and worse relapse-free survival, and between MT1A/1B/1E/1H/1M/2A/4 downregulation and diminished progression-free survival in HCC. Taken together, these results indicated the powerful prognostic value of MT1H among MTs in HCC. In-depth analyses suggested that MT1H may be more applicable to alcohol-derived HCC and involved in the downregulation of the inflammatory pathway, Jak–STAT pathway, TNF pathway, and Wnt signaling pathway.Conclusion: MT-specific isoforms displayed aberrant expression and varying prognostic value in HCC. MT1H repression in HCC was multi-dimensionally detrimental to patient outcomes. Therefore, MT1H was possibly associated with carcinogenesis and exploited as a novel prognostic biomarker and candidate therapeutic target for HCC.
Convergent Functional Changes of Default Mode Network in Mild Cognitive Impairment Using Activation Likelihood Estimation
Authors: Yuan Qianqian , Qi Wenzhang , Xue Chen , Ge Honglin , Hu Guanjie , Chen Shanshan , Xu Wenwen , Song Yu , Zhang XuLian , Xiao Chaoyong , Chen Jiu 
Published: October 2021

Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) represents a transitional state between normal aging and dementia disorders, especially Alzheimer's disease (AD). The disruption of the default mode network (DMN) is often considered to be a potential biomarker for the progression from MCI to AD. The purpose of this study was to assess MRI-specific changes of DMN in MCI patients by elucidating the convergence of brain regions with abnormal DMN function.Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Ovid, and Web of science for relevant articles. We identified neuroimaging studies by using amplitude of low frequency fluctuation /fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (ALFF/fALFF), regional homogeneity (ReHo), and functional connectivity (FC) in MCI patients. Based on the activation likelihood estimation (ALE) algorithm, we carried out connectivity modeling of coordination-based meta-analysis and functional meta-analysis.Results: In total, this meta-analysis includes 39 articles on functional neuroimaging studies. Using computer software analysis, we discovered that DMN changes in patients with MCI mainly occur in bilateral inferior frontal lobe, right medial frontal lobe, left inferior parietal lobe, bilateral precuneus, bilateral temporal lobe, and parahippocampal gyrus (PHG).Conclusions: Herein, we confirmed the presence of DMN-specific damage in MCI, which is helpful in revealing pathology of MCI and further explore mechanisms of conversion from MCI to AD. Therefore, we provide a new specific target and direction for delaying conversion from MCI to AD.
Dose Effects of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Tacedinaline (CI-994) on Antipsychotic Haloperidol-Induced Motor and Memory Side Effects in Aged Mice
Authors: McClarty Bryan , Rodriguez Guadalupe , Dong Hongxin 
Published: October 2021

Background: Elderly patients treated with antipsychotic drugs often experience increased severity and frequency of side effects, yet the mechanisms are not well understood. Studies from our group indicate age-related histone modifications at drug targeted receptor gene promoters may contribute to the increased side effects, and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors entinostat (MS-275) and valproic acid (VPA) could reverse typical antipsychotic haloperidol (HAL) induced motor-side effects. However, whether such effects could be dose dependent and whether HDAC inhibitors could improve memory function in aged mice is unknown.Methods: We co-treated selective class 1 HDAC inhibitor tacedinaline (CI-994) at different doses (10, 20, and 30 mg/kg) with HAL (0.05 mg/kg) in young (3 months) and aged (21 months) mice for 14 consecutive days, then motor and memory behavioral tests were conducted, followed by biochemical measurements.Results: CI-994 at doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg could decrease HAL-induced cataleptic episodes but only 20 mg/kg was sufficient to improve motor coordination in aged mice. Additionally, CI-994 at 10 and 20 mg/kg mitigate HAL-induced memory impairment in aged mice. Biochemical analyses showed increased acetylation of histone marks H3K27ac and H3K18ac at the dopamine 2 receptor (D2R) gene (Drd2) promoter and increased expression of the Drd2 mRNA and D2R protein in the striatum of aged mice after administration of CI-994 at 20 mg/kg.Conclusions: Our results suggest CI-994 can reduce HAL-induced motor and memory side effects in aged mice. These effects may act through an increase of acetylation at the Drd2 promoter, thereby restoring D2R expression and improving antipsychotic drug action.
Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors 1 Regulates Rat Carotid Body Response to Acute Hypoxia via Presynaptic Mechanism
Authors: Li Chaohong , Zhao Baosheng , Zhao Chenlu , Huang Lu , Liu Yuzhen 
Published: October 2021

Background: The carotid body (CB) plays a critical role in oxygen sensing; however, the role of glutamatergic signaling in the CB response to hypoxia remains uncertain. We previously found that functional multiple glutamate transporters and inotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) are expressed in the CB. The aim of this present research is to investigate the expression of group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) (mGluR1 and 5) in the CB and its physiological function in rat CB response to acute hypoxia.Methods: RT-PCR and immunostaining were conducted to examine the mRNA and protein expression of group I mGluRs in the human and rat CB. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to examine the cellular localization of mGluR1 in the rat CB. In vitro carotid sinus nerve (CSN) discharge recording was performed to detect the physiological function of mGluR1 in CB response to acute hypoxia.Results: We found that (1) mRNAs of mGluR1 and 5 were both expressed in the human and rat CB. (2) mGluR1 protein rather than mGluR5 protein was present in rat CB. (3) mGluR1 was distributed in type I cells of rat CB. (4) Activation of mGluR1 inhibited the hypoxia-induced enhancement of CSN activity (CSNA), as well as prolonged the latency time of CB response to hypoxia. (5) The inhibitory effect of mGluR1 activation on rat CB response to hypoxia could be blocked by GABAB receptor antagonist.Conclusion: Our findings reveal that mGluR1 in CB plays a presynaptic feedback inhibition on rat CB response to hypoxia.
Long Term Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Social Concerns
Authors: Blanco Esther , Baier Alexandra , Holzmeister Felix , Jaber-Lopez Tarek , Struwe Natalie 
Published: October 2021

While some local, temporary past crises have boosted overall charitable donations, there have been concerns about potential substitution effects that the Covid-19 pandemic might have on other social objectives, such as tackling climate change and reducing inequality. We present results from a donation experiment (n= 1, 762), with data collected between April 2020 and January 2021. We combine data from (i) an online donation experiment, (ii) an extended questionnaire including perceptions, actions, and motives on the Covid-19 pandemic, the climate crisis, and poverty, as well as charitable behavior and (iii) epidemiological data. The experimental results show that donations to diverse social concerns are partially substituted by donations to the Covid-19 fund; yet, this substitution does not fully replace all other social concerns. Over time we observe no systematic trend in charitable donations. In regards to the determinants of individual donations, we observe that women donate more, people taking actions against Covid-19 and against poverty donate more, while those fearing risks from poverty donate less. In addition, we observe that the population under consideration is sensitive to the needs of others, enhancing total donations for higher Covid-19 incidence. For donations to each charity, we find that trusting a given charitable organization is the strongest explanatory factor of donations.JEL:L3, D64, Q54, I3, D9