bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New insights on the nebular emission, ionizing radiation, and low metallicity of Green Peas from advanced modelling
Authors: Fernández V , Amorín R , Pérez-Montero E , Papaderos P , Kehrig C , Vílchez J M 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
Low-metallicity, compact starburst galaxies referred to as Green Peas (GPs) provide a unique window to study galactic evolution across cosmic epochs. In this work, we present new deep optical spectra for three GPs from OSIRIS at the 10-m Gran Telescopio Canarias, which are studied using a state-of-the-art methodology. A stellar population synthesis is conducted with 1098 spectral templates. The methodology succeeds at characterizing stellar populations from 0.5 Myr to 10 Gyr. The light distribution shows a large red excess from a single population with ${log}\left({age}\right) \gt 8.5\, \mathrm{yr}$ in the GP sample analysed. This points towards an incomplete characterization of the gas luminosity, whose continuum already accounts between 7.4 and $27.6{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ in the galaxy sample. The emission spectra are fitted with the largest Bayesian chemical model consisting of an electron temperature, an electron density, the logarithmic extinction coefficient and eleven ionic species under the direct method paradigm. Additionally, building on previous work, we propose a neural networks sampler to constrain the effective temperature and ionization parameter of each source from photoionization model grids. Finally, we combine both methodologies into a 16-dimensional model, which for the first time, simultaneously explores the direct method and photoionization parameter spaces. Both techniques consistently indicate a low-metallicity gas, $7.76\lt 12+{\rm log}\left(O/H \right)\lt 8.04$, ionized by strong radiation fields, in agreement with previous works.
The ALFALFA H i velocity width function
Authors: Oman Kyle A 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
We make the most precise determination to date of the number density of extragalactic 21-cm radio sources as a function of their spectral line widths – the H i velocity width function (H i WF) – based on 21 827 sources from the final $7000\, \mathrm{deg}^2$ data release of the Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA (ALFALFA) survey. The number density of sources as a function of their neutral hydrogen masses – the H i mass function (H i MF) – has previously been reported to have a significantly different low-mass slope and ‘knee mass’ in the two sky regions surveyed during ALFALFA. In contrast with this, we find that the shape of the H i WF in the same two sky regions is remarkably similar, consistent with being identical within the confidence intervals implied by the data (but the overall normalization differs). The spatial uniformity of the H i WF implies that it is likely a stable tracer of the mass function of dark matter haloes, in spite of the environmental processes to which the measured variation in the H i MF are attributed, at least for galaxies containing enough neutral hydrogen to be detected. This insensitivity of the H i WF to galaxy formation and evolution can be exploited to turn it into a powerful constraint on cosmological models as future surveys yield increasingly precise measurements. We also report on the possible influence of a previously overlooked systematic error affecting the H i WF, which may plausibly see its low-velocity slope steepen by ∼40 per cent in analyses of future, deeper surveys. Finally, we provide an updated estimate of the ALFALFA completeness limit.
Photosynthesis and Cell Growth Trigger Degradation of Phycobilisomes during Nitrogen Limitation
Authors: Yoshihara Akiko , Kobayashi Koichi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Under nitrogen (N)-limited conditions, the non-N2-fixing cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (Synechocystis 6803) actively grows during early stages of starvation by performing photosynthesis but gradually stops the growth and eventually enters dormancy to withstand long-term N limitation. During N limitation, Synechocystis 6803 cells degrade the large light-harvesting antenna complex phycobilisomes (PBSs) presumably to avoid excess light absorption and to reallocate available N to essential functions for growth and survival. These two requirements may be driving forces for PBS degradation during N limitation, but how photosynthesis and cell growth affect PBS degradation remains unclear. To address this question, we examined involvements of photosynthesis and cell growth in PBS degradation during N limitation. Treatment of photosynthesis inhibitors and shading suppressed PBS degradation and caused non-bleaching of cells during N limitation. Limitations of photosynthesis after initial gene responses to N limitation suppressed PBS degradation, implying that photosynthesis affects PBS degradation in a post-translational manner. In addition, limitations of cell growth by inhibition of peptidoglycan and fatty acid biosynthesis, low growth temperature and phosphorous starvation suppressed PBS degradation during N limitation. Because decreased photosynthetic activity led to decreased cell growth, and vice versa, photosynthesis and cell growth would inseparably intertwine each other and affect PBS degradation during N limitation in a complex manner. Our data shed light on the coordination mechanisms among photosynthesis, cell growth and PBS degradation during N limitation.
Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus is associated with a distinct type and shape of cerebral white matter hyperintensities
Authors: Inglese Francesca , Jaarsma-Coes Myriam G , Steup-Beekman Gerda M , Monahan Rory , Huizinga Tom , van Buchem Mark A , Ronen Itamar , de Bresser Jeroen 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Advanced white matter hyperintensity (WMH) markers on brain MRI may help reveal underlying mechanisms and aid in the diagnosis of different phenotypes of SLE patients experiencing neuropsychiatric (NP) manifestations.

Methods
In this prospective cohort study, we included a clinically well-defined cohort of 155 patients consisting of 38 patients with NPSLE (26 inflammatory and 12 ischaemic phenotype) and 117 non-NPSLE patients. Differences in 3 T MRI WMH markers (volume, type and shape) were compared between patients with NPSLE and non-NPSLE and between patients with inflammatory and ischaemic NPSLE by linear and logistic regression analyses corrected for age, sex and intracranial volume.

Results
Compared with non-NPSLE [92% female; mean age 42 (13) years], patients with NPSLE [87% female; mean age 40 (14) years] showed a higher total WMH volume [B (95%-CI)]: 0.46 (0.0 7 ↔ 0.86); P = 0.021], a higher periventricular/confluent WMH volume [0.46 (0.0 6 ↔ 0.86); P = 0.024], a higher occurrence of periventricular with deep WMH type [0.32 (0.1 3 ↔ 0.77); P = 0.011], a higher number of deep WMH lesions [3.06 (1.2 1 ↔ 4.90); P = 0.001] and a more complex WMH shape [convexity: ‒0.07 (‒0.12 ↔ ‒0.02); P = 0.011, concavity index: 0.05 (0.0 1 ↔ 0.08); P = 0.007]. WMH shape was more complex in inflammatory NPSLE patients [89% female; mean age 39 (15) years] compared with patients with the ischaemic phenotype [83% female; mean age 41 (11) years] [concavity index: 0.08 (0.0 1 ↔ 0.15); P = 0.034].

Conclusion
We demonstrated that patients with NPSLE showed a higher periventricular/confluent WMH volume and more complex shape of WMH compared with non-NPSLE patients. This finding was particularly significant in inflammatory NPLSE patients, suggesting different or more severe underlying pathophysiological abnormalities.
Automated Ribosomal Intergenic Spacer Analysis to Detect Pathogenic Fungi in Dark-Colored Spots on Apple Fruits
Authors: Furuya Hiromitsu , Sato Yutaka , Nara Chiharu , Fuji Shin-ichi , Toda Takeshi 
Published: October 2021

Dark-colored spots (DCSs) found on apples at harvest time worldwide significantly reduce the commercial value of the fruits. In this study, we conducted an automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (ARISA) to reliably detect fungal pathogens in these lesions. The fragment sizes of peaks for eight species and two species complexes that might cause DCSs on apples in northern Honshu Island, Japan, were determined on the basis of the ARISA. The fragment sizes for six species ( Botryosphaeria kuwatsukai, Diplocarpon mali, Mycosphaerella pomi, Neonectria galligena, Phlyctema vagabunda, and Venturia inaequalis) were unique, enabling their detection in a single ARISA trial. However, two other species and two species complexes had similar fragment sizes. To identify these fungi, PCR amplifications using species- or genus-specific primers were needed. Using this method to examine the fresh tissue of DCSs (i.e., after removing the epidermis) on commercially produced apples resulted in the detection of six fungal species and two Colletotrichum species complexes. Because the pathogenic fungi in the tissue underlying lesions are most likely the causal agents, these fungi could be responsible for the DCSs on apple fruits. An automated analysis of the PCR products amplified for the ARISA enables the rapid examination of many samples. These results indicate that the ARISA-based technique developed in the present study is useful for the accurate, reliable, and comprehensive detection of the pathogens causing DCSs on apple fruits. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license .
Ablation of intra-atrial reentrant tachycardias in adults with congenital heart disease: islands, isthmuses, channels, and walls
Authors: Taranto Lydia M. , Rhee Edward K. 
Published: October 2021

Purpose of review
The adult congenital heart patient population is rapidly growing due to increasing survival rates, and they often face chronic physiologic challenges as sequalae of both their defects and repairs. Among the most common sequalae are arrhythmias. Here we describe intra-atrial reentrant tachycardia (IART), one of the most commonly seen arrhythmias in the adult congenital heart population, and the approaches to successful ablation in adult congenital heart patients.

Recent findings
IART has increasing ablation success rates due to the increasing exposure of electrophysiologists to congenital cases, advances in technology, and the increasing application of both our pediatric congenital knowledge and adult acquired knowledge to the adult congenital population.

Summary
IART is a frequently seen arrhythmia in the adult congenital population, and it can have life-threatening consequences in the setting of congenital disease. Ablation techniques and treatment rates have improved over time, despite the challenges these cases present to clinicians; success of the ablation depends on careful, often creative, preplanning, and understanding of the complex individualized anatomy and circuits of the patient.
Sex-related Differences in Airway Dimensions: A Study Based on Quantitative Computed Tomography among Chinese Population
Authors: Yu Nan , Ma Guangming , Duan Haifeng , Guo Youmin , Yu Yong , Dang Shan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Sex-dependent radiation injury may be related to the differences in physiological characteristics between the sexes. This study aimed to better understand variations in airway dimensions among male and female Chinese non-smokers. This study included 970 adults and 45 children who underwent chest CT. All participants were non-smokers, without current or former chronic pulmonary disease, and all underwent CT examination. The CT images were quantitatively assessed, providing airway dimensions. The differences in inner diameter, wall thickness, wall area (WA), and WA% for each airway were compared between male and female patients. Sex is an important influencing factor in airway morphological parameters. These parameters are different between men and women: men have a larger airway diameter (P < 0.05) and smaller wall area (WA%, P < 0.05) compared with women. Younger women (<35 years) have a greater diameter and smaller WA% compared with older women (P < 0.05). Sex-related differences in airway morphology were not observed in pediatric participants. Significant differences were found in quantitative CT measures of WA% and an internal diameter among non-smokers of varying sex. The differences found in this study might explain, in part, sex-dependency of radiation injury and a possible radiological protection scheme.
DELAYED ONSET Cutibacterium (FORMERLY Propionibacterium) acnes ENDOPHTHALMITIS TRIGGERED BY INTRAVITREAL STEROID INJECTION
Authors: Gabr Hesham , Sastry Ananth , Brodie Frank , Grewal Dilraj S. 
Published: October 2021

Purpose:
We report a case of delayed onset Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes, formerly Propionibacterium acnes or P. acnes) endophthalmitis with the onset triggered by intravitreal steroid injection (triamcinolone acetonide) in a pseudophakic patient, 7 years after cataract surgery.

Methods/Patients:
A 67-year-old man presented with gradual worsening of vision, eye redness, and photosensitivity that started a month after intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection (Triescience, 4 mg/0.1 mL, Alcon Labs, Fort Worth, TX) for cystoid macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion in the right eye. The patient had undergone cataract surgery with intraocular lens in that eye 7 years prior. Examination showed the visual acuity of counting fingers at 3 feet and conjunctival injection, with 2+ anterior chamber cell and 2+ vitreous haze. Uveitis work up including angiotensin-converting enzyme, QuantiFERON Gold, and syphilis IgG screen was negative. Diagnostic pars plana vitrectomy with intravitreal injection of antibiotics was performed, and vitreous sample was sent for detailed laboratory analysis.

Results:
Vitreous fluid analysis was positive for C. acnes and negative for viral, fungal, and malignant cells. Although the patient received intravitreal antibiotics injection twice, the intraocular infection and inflammation persisted which eventually required an intraocular lens and capsular bag removal, followed by insertion of a secondary intraocular lens later.

Conclusion:
Delayed onset C. acnes endophthalmitis may be triggered by an intravitreal steroid injection in pseudophakic patients.
Dealing with floppy iris syndrome
Authors: Park Sally S.E. , Wilkinson Sam , Mamalis Nick 
Published: October 2021

Purpose of review
The aim of this study was to review and summarize recent findings and advancements regarding intraoperative floppy iris syndrome (IFIS). Although many improvements have been made for the management of IFIS, it remains a challenging condition for surgeons. An understanding of the syndrome as well as the multitude of tools to mitigate risk of complication is important for surgeons operating on high-risk patients.

Recent findings
A variety of management approaches have been modified and improved or further supported with new data, such as intracameral compounds, intraoperative devices and surgical techniques.

Summary
An understanding of risk factors is important for the identification of at-risk patients. A variety of approaches can greatly reduce incidence of IFIS complications. Multiple management strategies should be utilized to further reduce risk during these difficult surgeries.
Chronic Osteomyelitis With Proliferative Periostitis of the Mandible in a Child
Authors: Georgaki Maria , Delli Konstantina , Paschalidi Polytimi , Gkizani Sotiria , Tsiklakis Konstantinos , Nikitakis Nikolaos G. 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Osteomyelitis with proliferative periostitis is a relatively uncommon inflammatory condition of the jaws, mainly characterized by periosteal formation of reactive bone. It primarily affects children and adolescences, also referred to as Garre′s osteomyelitis, more frequently involving the molar region of the mandible. Cases lacking an obvious source of infection may have an immunologically mediated etiopathogenesis, falling under the spectrum of primary chronic osteomyelitis or chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO).

Case report:
Herein, we present a case of chronic osteomyelitis in a 6.5-year-old girl, who suffered from recurrent painful episodes of swelling of the mandible for the last 2 years, previously requiring hospitalization and administration of intravenous (IV) antibiotics and NSAIDs with limited responsiveness. The biopsy showed features consistent with osteomyelitis with proliferative periostitis. The patient was initially managed with an IV combination antibiotic regimen with only partial improvement. The possibility of an autoimmune mechanism in the context of primary chronic osteomyelitis or CRMO was considered, and immunosuppressive therapy (TNF inhibitor etanercept along with corticosteroids and methotrexate) was administered, resulting in clinical resolution.

Conclusions:
Osteomyelitis and its childhood variants are relatively rare and their management presents several challenges. Although typically treated with administration of antibiotics, possibly along with surgical intervention, other treatment modalities may be necessary for resilient and persistent cases. In a subset of cases, especially in the absence of local infectious factors, immunologically mediated mechanisms may play an important role and appropriate immunosuppressive therapy may be effective.
Community and Provider Perspectives on Molecular HIV Surveillance and Cluster Detection and Response for HIV Prevention: Qualitative Findings From King County, Washington
Authors: Shook Alic G. , Buskin Susan E. , Golden Matthew , Dombrowski Julia C. , Herbeck Joshua , Lechtenberg Richard J. , Kerani Roxanne 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Responding quickly to HIV outbreaks is one of four pillars of the U.S. Ending the HIV Epidemic (EHE) initiative. Inclusion of cluster detection and response in the fourth pillar of EHE has led to public discussion concerning bioethical implications of cluster detection and response and molecular HIV surveillance (MHS) among public health authorities, researchers, and community members. This study reports on findings from a qualitative analysis of interviews with community members and providers regarding their knowledge and perspectives of MHS. We identified five key themes: (a) context matters, (b) making sense of MHS, (c) messaging, equity, and resource prioritization, (d) operationalizing confidentiality, and (e) stigma, vulnerability, and power. Inclusion of community perspectives in generating innovative approaches that address bioethical concerns related to the use of MHS data is integral to ensure that widely accessible information about the use of these data is available to a diversity of community members and providers.
Exploring Resilience Among Black Women Living With HIV in the Southern United States: Findings From a Qualitative Study
Authors: Koch Amie , Ritchwood Tiarney D. , Bailey Donald E. , Caiola Courtney Ellis , Adimora Adaora A. , Ramirez Catalina , Holt Lauren , Johnson Ragan , McGee Kara , McMillian-Bohler Jacquelyn M. , Randolph Schenita D. , Relf Michael V. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Black women living with HIV (WLWH) face individual and sociostructural challenges. Despite these challenges, many exemplify remarkable levels of resilience and coping. Yet, research on resilience and coping in this population is limited. Twenty Black WLWH in the Southern United States completed semi-structured interviews that explored challenges facing WLWH. We identified six themes related to resilience and coping: self-acceptance, disclosure, self-compassion, social support, will to live, and service. Of these, social support was a driving protective element and an essential component to building and sustaining resilience and coping. Women who experienced positive support often expressed a will to live as well as a desire to support other WLWH. Resilience and social support were characterized by patterns of reciprocity, in that they were mutually sustaining, stabilizing, and strengthening.
Prevalence of bleeding symptoms among young adults in Saudi Arabia, a national survey
Authors: AlSaleh Khalid A. , Al-Numair Nouf S. , Alsuaiman Ayman , Zolaly Mohammed , Khojah Osamah T. , AlZahrani Faisal M. , Siddiqui Khawar , Al-Allaf Faisal A. , AlMomen Abdulkareem , Sajid Raihan , Owaidah Tarek M. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Prevalence of bleeding disorders vary due to several factors including geographical location. Mild bleeding disorders can lead to iron deficiency, morbidity, and in severe cases mortality. Quantification of haemorrhagic symptoms is a key component in management of bleeding disorders and a challenging task for clinicians.
An abridged version of MCMDM-1vWD questionnaire with validated Arabic translation was used to quantify bleeding disorders in adult students (n = 1138) in 4 different regions of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Statistical analysis was performed to indicate gender disparity and prevalence.
74.5% of respondents answered at least 1 question with affirmation, with 32.3% affected in Riyadh showing the highest prevalence and 14.03% affected in Dammam showing the least prevalence (P-value < .001). Gender-wise, higher prevalence of bleeding disorders in females 54.9% than in males 45.1% was observed (P-value .01). Epistaxis prevalence was significantly higher in males 30.7% vs 23.2% in females (P-value .0004), while cutaneous symptoms were reported significantly more by female participants 29.7% vs 12.3% in males (P-value < .001). Menorrhagia was reported by 28% of females, with heavy bleeding experienced by 57.6% female participants for <7 days while in 42.4% of females for >7 days.
The current study signifies the ethnic distribution and gender disparity of mild bleeding disorders, and highlights the need for national surveillance system in order to improve management of patients with bleeding disorders.
Implementation of HIV non-occupational post-exposure prophylaxis for men who have sex with men in 2 cities of Southwestern China
Authors: Wu Yufei , Zhu Qiuying , Zhou Yuejiao , Liang Shujia , Li Rongjian , Liang Nengxiu , Li Chunying , Lan Guanghua 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Non-occupational post-exposure prophylaxis (nPEP) has often relied on the joint work of emergency physicians and infectious disease specialists in busy emergency departments and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/sexually transmitted infections clinics abroad, where adherence education and follow-up are invariably reactive. In our pilot study, community-based organizations (CBOs) were invited to together implement the nPEP tailored to men who have sex with men (MSM) in 2 cities of Guangxi in Southwestern China, of which experiences and lessons drawn from would be provided to the promotion of nPEP in China.
The study population enrolled MSM individuals prescribed nPEP from September 2017 to December 2019. One-to-one follow-ups by CBOs were applied through the treatment. Predictors of treatment completion were assessed by logistic regression.
Of 271 individuals presented for nPEP, 266 MSM with documented treatment completion or non-completion, 93.6% completed the 28-day course of medication. Completion was associated with reporting side effects (aOR = .10; 95% CI: 0.02–0.38; P = .001). The follow-up rate of 91.9% was achieved based on the definition of loss to follow-up. No documented nPEP failures were found, although 1 MSM subsequently seroconverted to HIV due to ongoing high-risk behavior.
CBOs’ engagement in HIV nPEP, especially the “one-to-one” follow-up supports by peer educators partly ensure adherence and retention to nPEP. Tailored interventions are needed to address the subsequent high-risk behaviors among the MSM population.