bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estado Socioambiental de Direito e o Constitucionalismo Garantista. O Princípio In dubio Pro Natura como Mecanismo de Controle do Ativismo Judicial Contrário à Tutela dos Direitos Fundamentais Ambientais
Authors: Lehfeld Lucas de Souza , Oliveira Raul Miguel Freitas de 
Published: August 2021

O princípio in dubio pro natura é postulado hermenêutico-aplicativo do direito pelos tribunais e mecanismo de controle do ativismo judicial envolvendo direitos fundamentais ambientais em conflito político-normativo. Num Estado Socioambiental de Direito, não há como afastar a tutela ambiental em decisões judiciais frente ao poder econômico. A fundamentação das sentenças e acórdãos encontra no princípio in dubio pro o ônus argumentativo para justificar o afastamento da proteção dos bens ambientais diante de situações como fato consumado e periculum in mora (in) reverso. O trabalho valeu-se da pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e qualitativa, e dos métodos dedutivo, indutivo e analítico.
BARRAGENS DE REJEITOS DE MINERAÇÃO NO BRASIL: Uma observação a partir das relações entre Direito, Ciência e Política
Authors: Stoll Sabrina Lehnen , Krepsky Giselle Marie 
Published: August 2021

RESUMOO artigo apresenta um estudo da correlação entre os sistemas do Direito, da Ciência e da Política, ante ao enfrentamento das questões de segurança das barragens de rejeitos de mineração no Brasil. O problema é compreender sob quais condições desastres de barragens representam uma possibilidade de aprendizagem voltada para a prevenção. A partir da teoria de Niklas Luhmann e releituras contemporâneas, utilizou-se o método indutivo e as técnicas de pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e jurisprudencial. Conclui-se que houve aprendizagem com os eventos catastróficos denotando que é possível sofisticar a legislação por meio das irritações sistêmicas advindas da Ciência e do Direito.
ARBITRIUM EX MÁQUINA: UMA ABORDAGEM DE REGULAÇÃO RESPONSIVA À SOLUÇÃO DE CONTROVÉRSIAS EM PLATAFORMAS DIGITAIS.
Authors: Santana Silva Raphael Ferreira 
Published: August 2021

O objetivo central do trabalho será investigar se a abordagem de regulação responsiva é capaz de contribuir, de forma propositiva, para a superação do debate sobre a crise de legitimidade da atuação dessas empresas de tecnologia na regulação das relações sociais mediadas. Na primeira parte, o artigo realiza um estudo descritivo sobre a solução de controvérsias por plataformas digitais, em especial do ODR. Busca-se dar ênfase aos aspectos controvertidos de legitimidade da atuação desse método de solução de controvérsias. Na segunda parte, o foco é a relação entre o debate de legitimidade das plataformas e a ideia de regulação responsiva. Concluiu-se que a abordagem que pode ser um instrumental teórico que contribui para a legitimidade da solução de controvérsias realizada pelas plataformas digitais.
Tantangan Pendidikan Di Masa Pandemi Semua Orang Harus Menjadi Guru
Authors: Oktavia Mutiara , Rahma Shaula , Akmalia Retno , Teguh Annisa , Ramadhani Asyifa , Kusuma Alifianing , Darmadi Darmadi 
Published: August 2021

Pendidikan adalah pembelajaran, pengetahuan, keterampilan dan kebiasaan sekelompok orang
yang diturunkan dari satu generasi ke generasi berikutnya pengajaran, pelatihan atau
penelitian.Dunia pendidikan terdampak imbas sangat besar di masa pendemi ini, sekolah tatap
muka langsung belum diperbolehkan, karena kita harus turut memutus wabah mata rantai virus
covid-19, jangan sampai terkena pada generasi penerus bangsa.Guru dituntut untuk berfikir
kreatif dan inovatif dalam memberikan pembelajaran secara daring. Orang tua di saat
pembelajaran daring sangat diperlukan oleh anak, terutama pada anak-anak tingkat sekolah
dasar, orang tua dituntut untuk dapat menjelaskan apa yang dijelaskan oleh pengajar, dan dapat
membantu mengerjakan tugas pekerjaan rumah anak-anak. Peran pemerintah sangat penting
dalam memberikan kualitas pendidikan kepada anak bangsa, karena pendidikan adalah kunci
dari keberhasilan sumber daya manusia suatu Negara.Beberapa hambatan pendidikan di masa
pandemic diantaranya adalah orang tua siswa gaptek, akses internet, sulit memahami materi,
rasa malas dan sulit berkonsentrasi. Namun hambatan-hambatan diatas dapat diatasi dengan
membuat media pembelajaran sistem daring, komunikasi dengan wali murid, membuat
ringkasan pembelajaran, memberikan tugas yang mendorong siswa untuk aktif
Treatment strategies for giant pituitary adenomas in the era of endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery: a multicenter series
Authors: Micko Alexander , Agam Matthew S. , Brunswick Andrew , Strickland Ben A. , Rutkowski Martin J. , Carmichael John D. , Shiroishi Mark S. , Zada Gabriel , Knosp Engelbert , Wolfsberger Stefan 
Published: August 2021

OBJECTIVE
Given the anatomical complexity and frequently invasive growth of giant pituitary adenomas (GPAs), individually tailored approaches are required. The aim of this study was to assess the treatment strategies and outcomes in a large multicenter series of GPAs in the era of endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery (ETS).

METHODS
This was a retrospective case-control series of 64 patients with GPAs treated at two tertiary care centers by surgeons with experience in ETS. GPAs were defined by a maximum diameter of ≥ 4 cm and a volume of ≥ 10 cm3 on preoperative isovoxel contrast-enhanced MRI.

RESULTS
The primary operation was ETS in all cases. Overall gross-total resection rates were 64% in round GPAs, 46% in dumbbell-shaped GPAs, and 8% in multilobular GPAs (p < 0.001). Postoperative outcomes were further stratified into two groups based on extent of resection: group A (gross-total resection or partial resection with intracavernous remnant; 21/64, 33%) and group B (partial resection with intracranial remnant; 43/64, 67%). Growth patterns of GPAs were mostly round (11/14, 79%) in group A and multilobular (33/37, 89%) in group B. In group A, no patients required a second operation, and 2/21 (9%) were treated with adjuvant radiosurgery. In group B, early transcranial reoperation was required in 6/43 (14%) cases due to hemorrhagic transformation of remnants. For the remaining group B patients with remnants, 5/43 (12%) underwent transcranial surgery and 12/43 (28%) underwent delayed second ETS. There were no deaths in this series. Severe complications included stroke (6%), meningitis (6%), hydrocephalus requiring shunting (6%), and loss or distinct worsening of vision (3%). At follow-up (mean 3 years, range 0.5–16 years), stable disease was achieved in 91% of cases.

CONCLUSIONS
ETS as a primary treatment modality to relieve mass effect in GPAs and extent of resection are dependent on GPA morphology. The pattern of residual pituitary adenoma guides further treatment strategies, including early transcranial reoperation, delayed endoscopic transsphenoidal/transcranial reoperation, and adjuvant radiosurgery.
Tumor characteristics and surgical outcomes of intracranial subependymomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kweh Barry Ting Sheen , Rosenfeld Jeffrey Victor , Hunn Martin , Tee Jin Wee 
Published: August 2021

OBJECTIVE
The tumor characteristics and surgical outcomes of intracranial subependymomas are poorly defined. In this study the authors aimed to provide a comprehensive review of all clinical, pathological, radiological, and surgical aspects of this important neoplasm to inform future management strategies.

METHODS
A systematic review and meta-analysis of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, and Google Scholar databases adherent to PRISMA guidelines was conducted.

RESULTS
Of the 1145 articles initially retrieved, 24 studies encompassing 890 cases were included. The authors identified 3 retrospective cohort studies and 21 case series, but no controlled trials. Mean age at presentation was 46.7 ± 18.1 years with a male predominance (70.2%). Common sites of tumor origin were the lateral ventricle (44.5%) and fourth ventricle (43.1%). Cumulative postoperative mortality and morbidity rates were 3.4% and 24.3% respectively. Meta-analysis revealed that male sex (HR 3.15, 95% CI 1.39–7.14, p = 0.006) was associated with poorer 5-year overall mortality rates. All-cause mortality rates were similar when performing subgroup meta-analyses for age (HR 0.50, 95% CI 0.03–7.36, p = 0.61), smaller subependymoma size (HR 1.51, 95% CI 0.78–2.92, p = 0.22), gross-total resection (HR 0.65, 95% CI 0.35–1.23, p = 0.18), and receipt of postoperative radiation therapy (HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.27–2.88, p = 0.84). Postoperative Karnofsky Performance Index scores improved by a mean difference of 1.62 ± 12.14 points (p = 0.42). The pooled overall 5-year survival rate was 89.2%, while the cumulative recurrence rate was 1.3% over a median follow-up ranging from 15.3 to 120.0 months. The pure subependymoma histopathological subtype was most prevalent (85.6%), followed by the mixed subependymoma-ependymoma tumor variant (13.7%).

CONCLUSIONS
Surgical extirpation without postoperative radiotherapy results in excellent postoperative survival and functional outcomes in the treatment of intracranial subependymomas. Aggressive tumor behavior should prompt histological reevaluation for a mixed subependymoma-ependymoma subtype. Further high-quality controlled trials are still required to investigate this rare tumor.
One-donor, two-recipient extracranial-intracranial bypass series for moyamoya and cerebral occlusive disease: rationale, clinical and angiographic outcomes, and intraoperative blood flow analysis
Authors: Khan Nickalus R. , Lu Victor M. , Elarjani Turki , Silva Michael A. , Jamshidi Aria M. , Cajigas Iahn , Morcos Jacques J. 
Published: August 2021

OBJECTIVE
Cerebral extracranial-intracranial (EC-IC) direct bypass is a commonly used procedure for ischemic vasculopathy. A previously described variation of this technique is to utilize one donor artery to supply two recipient arteries, which the authors designate as 1D2R. The purpose of this study is to present a single surgeon’s series of 1D2R direct bypasses for moyamoya and ischemia using detailed clinical, angiographic, and intraoperative blood flow measurement data. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the largest series reported to date.

METHODS
Hospital, office, and radiographic imaging records for all patients who underwent cerebral revascularization using a 1D2R bypass by the senior author were reviewed. The patients’ demographic information, clinical presentation, associated medical conditions, intraoperative information, and postoperative course were obtained from reviewing the medical records.

RESULTS
A total of 21 1D2R bypasses were performed in 19 patients during the study period. Immediate bypass patency was 100% and was 90% on delayed follow-up. The mean initial cut flow index (CFI(i)) was 0.64 ± 0.33 prior to the second anastomosis and the mean final value (CFI(f)) was 0.94 ± 0.38 after the second anastomosis (p < 0.001). The overall bypass flow increased on average by 50% (mean 17.9 ml/min, range −10 to 40 ml/min) with the addition of the second anastomosis. There was no significant difference in the overall flow measurements when the end-to-side anastomosis or side-to-side anastomosis was performed first. There was a statistically significant difference in the proportion of patients with a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0 or 1 postoperatively compared to preoperatively (p < 0.01). Through the application of Poiseuille’s law, the authors analyzed flow dynamics, deduced the component vascular resistances based on an analogy to electrical circuits and Ohm’s law, and introduced the new concepts of “second anastomosis relative augmentation” and “second anastomosis sink index” in the evaluation of 1D2R bypasses.

CONCLUSIONS
The application of the 1D2R technique in a series of 19 consecutive patients undergoing direct EC-IC bypass for flow augmentation demonstrated high patency rates, statistically significantly higher CFIs compared to 1D1R, and improved mRS scores at last clinical follow-up. Additionally, the technique allows a shorter dissection time and preserves blood flow to the scalp. The routine utilization of intraoperative volumetric flow measurements in such surgeries allows a deeper understanding of the hemodynamic impact on individual patients.
Age-Dependent Degradation of Locomotion Encoding in Huntington’s Disease R6/2 Model Mice
Authors: Yamin Hagar G. , Menkes-Caspi Noa , Stern Edward A. , Cohen Dana 
Published: August 2021

Background: Huntington’s disease (HD) is an inherited fatal neurodegenerative disease, leading to neocortical and striatal atrophy. The commonly studied R6/2 HD transgenic mouse model displays progressive motor and cognitive deficits in parallel to major pathological changes in corticostriatal circuitry. Objective: To study how disease progression influences striatal encoding of movement. Methods: We chronically recorded neuronal activity in the dorsal striatum of R6/2 transgenic (Tg) mice and their age-matched nontransgenic littermate controls (WTs) during novel environment exposure, a paradigm which engages locomotion to explore the novel environment. Results: Exploratory locomotion degraded with age in Tg mice as compared to WTs. We encountered fewer putative medium spiny neurons (MSNs)—striatal projection neurons, and more inhibitory interneurons—putative fast spiking interneurons (FSIs) in Tg mice as compared to WTs. MSNs from Tg mice fired less spikes in bursts without changing their firing rate, while FSIs from these mice had a lower firing rate and more of them were task-responsive as compared to WTs. Additionally, MSNs from Tg mice displayed a reduced ability to encode locomotion across age groups, likely associated with their low prevalence in Tg mice, whereas the encoding of locomotion by FSIs from Tg mice was substantially reduced solely in old Tg mice as compared to WTs. Conclusion: Our findings reveal an age-dependent decay in striatal information processing in transgenic mice. We propose that the ability of FSIs to compensate for the loss of MSNs by processes of recruitment and enhanced task-responsiveness diminishes with disease progression, possibly manifested in the displayed age-dependent degradation of exploratory locomotion.
Extraction of barium oxide nanoparticles from petroleum waste sludge wastes
Authors: Khalil N.M. , Algamal Yousif 
Published: August 2021

Petroleum Waste sludge (PWS) could be used as unusual source for the extraction of barium oxide nanoparticles. A hydrothermal method was adapted to precipitate barium as barium hydroxide that calcined at different calcination temperatures up to 1000 °C to obtain barium oxide nano particles. The mineralogical composition, morphology, particle size and spot analysis of the extracted particles were followed using XRD and SEM+EDAX techniques. These investigations confirmed the purity and nano size of barium oxide particles extracted from PWS at 600 °C.
Stress-strain state of the building foundations with taking into account the possible water saturation of loess soils
Authors: Zhuk Veronika , Piatkov Oleksandr , Tarambula Sergiy 
Published: August 2021

In Ukraine, the problem of construction on loess soils is relevant due to the widespread use of these soils and their negative property - the ability to give additional deformations of subsidence during water saturation. Flooding of territories by groundwater, emergency leaks from aquifers cause significant problems during the exploitation of buildings and engineering structures on such soils.
Computer simulation of the interaction of the building with the soil base allows to investigate the influence of all negative factors on the change of the stress-strain state of both the soil base and the load-bearing structures of the building.
The study of the interaction of the building with the foundation was performed using the software package LIRA-CAD. The interaction of the building with the soil base, the soils of which are able to reduce their mechanical properties with increasing humidity and give additional subsidence deformations, was studied. A variant design of the foundations was performed taking into account the occurrence of uneven deformations during subsidence of the loess soil due to its moistening in case of possible emergency losses from aquifers. The change of stress-strain state of the foundations of the building depending on the spatial rigidity of the foundation, the location of the soaking zone within the building spot, the shape and size of the zone of soil moisture is analyzed.
It is shown that taking into account the possible water saturation of loess soils when calculating the collaborate of the building with the soil base, allows to obtain stress-strain state of foundations and load-bearing structures of the aboveground part of the building for the most unfavorable conditions that may occur. The search for the optimal variant of the foundation structures of the building, which, while remaining cost-effective, provides reliable operation of the building in conditions of possible occurrence of uneven deformations of subsidence of the soil base during water saturation of the layer of loess soils.
According to the research results, a rational variant of the foundation structures has been designed taking into account the possible occurrence of non-uniform deformations.
GENERALIZATION OF THE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHES OF THE INTELLIGENT OFFICE BUILDINGS FORMATION FEATURES
Authors: Golub Kristina 
Published: August 2021

The article analyzes the scientific works of scientists in the field of engineering and architectural design that have influenced on intelligent office buildings formation.
The main criteria for assessing the intelligent buildings in Asia, Europe and America are considered. There are differences in approaches in different parts of the world. Particularly in Asia, the system takes into account the impact on the environment, employee health, comfortable working conditions, the introduction of modern technologies, safety, return on investment, etc. The assessment system named Intelligent Building Index (IBI) consists of 10 Quality Environment Modules (QEM), which have different weights depends on intelligent building type. The second level of the IBI method included a list of 378 criteria, each of which was evaluated by a system of 1 to 100 points.
In Europe, it focuses on the interaction of intelligent buildings with humans and the environment, also on minimizing energy consumption and operating costs. In most European countries, intelligent buildings are assessed by Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method, BREEAM.
In the United States, priority approaches are related to the principles of sustainability and adaptability to rapid changes in technology and human needs. One of the most common criteria for assessing buildings in the United States is the system Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design, LEED.
The basic architectural methods are singled out: using the wind generators and photovoltaic elements on facades; the arrangement of facades with double glazing; application of automatic blinds between two layers of glazing, etc. It is proved that the intelligent building is not a usual building that just uses an automation building management system (BMS), but first of all, is an "intelligent architecture" with providing sustainable principles and requiring an integrated approach from the first designing stage.
TECHNOLOGIES OF VIRTUAL REALITY IN THE CONTEXT OF INNOVATION IN ARCHITECTURAL EDUCATION
Authors: Holubchak Kateryna 
Published: August 2021

The evolution of information and communication technologies has had a revolutionary impact on the field of architectural design and has necessitated the improvement of existing pedagogical approaches and educational tools. Virtual reality technologies, having made a technological breakthrough in the field of architectural visualization and providing opportunities to realistically demonstrate architectural objects, have become a promising and effective tool for improving the environment of architectural education. The use of virtual reality technologies in architectural education is the key to the formation of an innovative and motivating educational environment that will provide quality and effective training of specialists in the field of design, architecture and urban planning. The effectiveness of the educational process using these technologies is due to the growth of activity, interest of students and increased motivation, as evidenced by a number of educational experiments conducted by foreign scientists
The study highlights the trends in the use of virtual reality technologies in architectural education as the most revolutionary tool donated by modern information technology. The advantages and disadvantages of using virtual reality technologies in architectural education are identified, a review of technological tools and software is made and the prospects for further research in this area are outlined.
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH OF THE ACCURACY OF NAVIGATION GNSS - RECEIVERS IN CONDITIONS OF THE CONSTRUCTED TERRITORY
Authors: Honcharenko Oleksandr , Denysiuk Bohdan 
Published: August 2021

Use of digital geodetic support technologies with the use of GNSS satellite systems in combination with electronic geodetic instruments, introduction of new methods of construction of geodetic networks, collection of information by ground and aerospace surveying, unification of exchange formats of measurement results based on computer technologies and their application conditions. Substantiation and development of remote methods of spatial information collection requires analysis and consideration of a number of errors in order to improve accuracy.
Wikimapia is a map project for shared use with open content, which aims to identify all geographical objects with the introduction of useful information about them. It combines an interactive web map and a Wiki system.
One of the features of the Wikimapia resource is that it is possible to determine geographical coordinates. To do this, you need to move the cross cursor on the object of interest and get its coordinates visually.
The purpose of the study was to determine the accuracy of the coordinates of GPS receivers Garmin Oregon 450 in the built-up area, using as a basis for calibration, the resource "Wikimapia".
In order to determine the accuracy of the location with the help of GARMIN Oregon 450 GPS receivers, GNSS measurements were performed at 30 marker points.
Ellipsoidal coordinates were recalculated into spatial rectangles according to known formulas.
In order to assess the accuracy of determining the location of marker points, the differences in the coordinates of their position were found and the root mean square error from a number of measurements was found.
The average error of coordinate measurements was ± 4.79 m for the GPS receiver.
Based on experimental research, the possibility of using the resource "Wikimapia" not only to quickly determine the coordinates of topographic objects, determine their categories, but also with sufficient accuracy to apply for the calibration of navigation GNSS receivers when there is no network of geodetic points.
A promising direction in the process of scientific and practical research should be the creation of a general mathematical model for predicting the influence of the plurality on the location and improvement of navigation aids.