bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optic nerve sheath diameter assessment by neurosonology: A review of methodologic discrepancies
Authors: Stevens Raoul R. F. , Gommer Erik D. , Aries Marcel J.H. , Ertl Michael , Mess Werner H. , Huberts Wouter , Delhaas Tammo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground and PurposeReported cutoff values of the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) for the diagnosis of elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) are inconsistent. This hampers ONSD as a possible noninvasive bedside monitoring tool for ICP. Because the influence of methodological differences on variations in cutoff values is unknown, we performed a narrative review to identify discrepancies in ONSD assessment methodologies and to investigate their effect on reported ONSD values.MethodsWe used a structured and quantitative approach in which each ONSD methodology found in the reviewed articles was categorized based on the characteristic appearance of the ultrasound images and ultrasound marker placement. Subsequently, we investigated the influence of the different methodologies on ONSD values by organizing the ONSDs with respect to these categories.ResultsIn a total of 63 eligible articles, we could determine the applied ONSD assessment methodology. Reported ultrasound images either showed the optic nerve and its sheath as a dark region with hyperechoic striped band at its edges or as a single dark region surrounded by lighter retrobulbar fat. Four different ultrasound marker positions were used to delineate the optic nerve sheath, which resulted in different ONSD values and more importantly, different sensitivities to changes in ICP.ConclusionsBased on our observations, we recommend to place ultrasound markers at the outer edges of the hyperechoic striped bands or at the transitions from the single dark region to the hyperechoic retrobulbar fat because these locations yielded the highest sensitivity of ONSD measurements for increased ICP.
A biogeographical analysis of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Cynodonteae: Muhlenbergiinae)
Authors: Peterson Paul M. , Roquet Cristina , Romaschenko Konstantin , Herrera Arrieta Yolanda , Susanna Alfonso 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA phylogeny based on the analysis of six DNA sequence markers (ITS, ndhA intron, rpl32‐trnL, rps3, rps16 intron, and rps16‐trnK) is used to infer ancestral areas and divergence times, and reconstruct the biogeographical history and evolution of 150 of the 183 (82%) species of Muhlenbergia. Our results suggest that the genus originated 9.3 mya in the Sierra Madre (Occidental and Oriental) in Mexico, splitting into six lineages: M. ramulosa diverging 8.2 mya, M. subg. Muhlenbergia at 5.9 mya, M. subg. Pseudosporobolus at 5.9 mya, M. subg. Clomena at 5.4 mya, M. subg. Bealia at 4.3 mya, and M. subg. Trichochloa at 1 mya, each of these with a high probability of Sierra Madrean origin. Our results further suggest that founder‐event speciation from Sierra Madre to South America occurred independently multiple times in all five subgenera during the Pleistocene and late Pliocene. One long‐distance dispersal event most likely originating from Central or Eastern North America to East and Central Asia occurred 1.6–1 mya in M. subg. Muhlenbergia. In our cladogram, members of M. subg. Trichochloa show little genetic resolution, suggesting very low levels of divergence among the species, and this may be a consequence of rapid radiation.
Dispersal in a house sparrow metapopulation: An integrative case study of genetic assignment calibrated with ecological data and pedigree information
Authors: Saatoglu Dilan , Niskanen Alina K. , Kuismin Markku , Ranke Peter S. , Hagen Ingerid J. , Araya‐Ajoy Yimen G. , Kvalnes Thomas , Pärn Henrik , Rønning Bernt , Ringsby Thor Harald , Sæther Bernt‐Erik , Husby Arild , Sillanpää Mikko J. , Jensen Henrik 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDispersal has a crucial role determining ecoevolutionary dynamics through both gene flow and population size regulation. However, to study dispersal and its consequences, one must distinguish immigrants from residents. Dispersers can be identified using telemetry, capture‐mark‐recapture (CMR) methods, or genetic assignment methods. All of these methods have disadvantages, such as high costs and substantial field efforts needed for telemetry and CMR surveys, and adequate genetic distance required in genetic assignment. In this study, we used genome‐wide 200K Single Nucleotide Polymorphism data and two different genetic assignment approaches (GSI_SIM, Bayesian framework; BONE, network‐based estimation) to identify the dispersers in a house sparrow (Passer domesticus) metapopulation sampled over 16 years. Our results showed higher assignment accuracy with BONE. Hence, we proceeded to diagnose potential sources of errors in the assignment results from the BONE method due to variation in levels of interpopulation genetic differentiation, intrapopulation genetic variation and sample size. We show that assignment accuracy is high even at low levels of genetic differentiation and that it increases with the proportion of a population that has been sampled. Finally, we highlight that dispersal studies integrating both ecological and genetic data provide robust assessments of the dispersal patterns in natural populations.
The impact of body size on Aedes [Stegomyia] aegypti wingbeat frequency: implications for mosquito identification
Authors: de Nadai B. L. , Maletzke A. G. , Corbi J. J. , Batista G. E. A. P. A. , Reiskind M. H. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBillions of people are at risk due to mosquito‐borne diseases. Ideally, the control of mosquito‐borne diseases should integrate mosquito control and surveillance to maximize transmission prevention while minimizing environmental impacts. Mosquito surveillance is often limited in scope by logistical constraints, especially the labour and expertise in identifying captured mosquitoes. Mosquito sounds, primarily the wingbeat frequencies (WBF), have been extensively studied in the literature, often targeting a straightforward assessment of this technology with species identification in laboratory conditions. Optical sensors for measuring the WBF of free‐flying mosquitoes are the most recent proposal to automate species identification. However, many of the factors that may influence WBF within and between species have not been fully examined, resulting in failures in the species identification. Here we show that body size and temperature modify the wingbeat frequency of female Aedes [Stegomyia] aegypti Linnaeus (Diptera:Culicidae) and such an optical sensor can capture these alterations. We demonstrate that this study's optical sensor can distinguish wingbeat frequency from large and small mosquitoes at different temperatures. The relationship between WBF and size should be taken into account to improve the accuracy of devices that automatically identify species using WBF.
Large differences in leaf cuticle conductance and its temperature response among 24 tropical tree species from across a rainfall gradient
Authors: Slot Martijn , Nardwattanawong Tantawat , Hernández Georgia G. , Bueno Amauri , Riederer Markus , Winter Klaus 
Published: July 2021

Summary

More frequent droughts and rising temperatures pose serious threats to tropical forests. When stomata are closed under dry and hot conditions, plants lose water through leaf cuticles, but little is known about cuticle conductance (gmin) of tropical trees, how it varies among species and environments, and how it is affected by temperature.

We determined gmin in relation to temperature for 24 tropical tree species across a steep rainfall gradient in Panama, by recording leaf drying curves at different temperatures in the laboratory.

In contrast with our hypotheses, gmin did not differ systematically across the rainfall gradient; species differences did not reflect phylogenetic patterns; and in most species gmin did not significantly increase between 25 and 50°C. gmin was higher in deciduous than in evergreen species, in species with leaf trichomes than in species without, in sun leaves than in shade leaves, and tended to decrease with increasing leaf mass per area across species. There was no relationship between stomatal and cuticle conductance.

Large species differences in gmin and its temperature response suggest that more frequent hot droughts may lead to differential survival among tropical tree species, regardless of species’ position on the rainfall gradient.
Genetic syndromes with diabetes: A systematic review
Authors: Shi Daniel , Motamed Mehras , Mejía‐Benítez Aurora , Li Leon , Lin Ethan , Budhram Dalton , Kaur Yuvreet , Meyre David 
Published: July 2021

SummaryPrevious reviews and clinical guidelines have identified 10–20 genetic syndromes associated with diabetes, but no systematic review has been conducted to date. We provide the first comprehensive catalog for syndromes with diabetes mellitus. We conducted a systematic review of MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, PubMed, OMIM, and Orphanet databases for case reports, case series, and observational studies published between 1946 and January 15, 2020, that described diabetes mellitus in adults and children with monogenic or chromosomal syndromes. Our literature search identified 7,122 studies, of which 160 fulfilled inclusion criteria. Our analysis of these studies found 69 distinct diabetes syndromes. Thirty (43.5%) syndromes included diabetes mellitus as a cardinal clinical feature, and 56 (81.2%) were fully genetically elucidated. Sixty‐three syndromes (91.3%) were described more than once in independent case reports, of which 59 (93.7%) demonstrated clinical heterogeneity. Syndromes associated with diabetes mellitus are more numerous and diverse than previously anticipated. While knowledge of the syndromes is limited by their low prevalence, future reviews will be needed as more cases are identified. The genetic etiologies of these syndromes are well elucidated and provide potential avenues for future gene identification efforts, aid in diagnosis and management, gene therapy research, and developing personalized medicine treatments.
Neuraxial anesthesia and pain control for pediatric burn patients receiving excision and split‐thickness skin grafts—A retrospective case series
Authors: Liu John , Chen Joy , Nguyen Phat‐Tan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundPostoperative pain management in pediatric burn patients requiring excision and split‐thickness skin grafts remains largely under‐studied. ICU care is often necessary due to the level of sedation and amount of opioids required to achieve adequate pain control.AimsOur case series aimed to describe a pain management strategy using neuraxial anesthesia intraoperatively. Primary outcomes include pain scores, postoperative opioid consumption, and adverse events.MethodsA retrospective chart review was performed on a total of 61 patients who received intraoperative neuraxial anesthesia for split‐thickness skin grafting between January 1st, 2017 and June 1st, 2018. Patient demographics, operating room data, and subsequent hospital course was extracted from their electronic medical record and plotted using R Studio statistical software.ResultsThe overwhelming majority of patients received single‐shot spinals with both local anesthetic and either morphine or hydromorphone. Average pain scores were 1 out of 10 with standard deviation of 1.6 in the immediate postoperative period and decreased over the next 72 h. Oral morphine equivalents consumed did not exceed 0.61 ME/kg/day. The most common adverse reaction was pruritus.ConclusionsSpinal anesthesia was most commonly used for split‐thickness skin grafting in the pediatric burn population and provides excellent analgesia for patients’ immediate postoperative course, including their initial dressing changes, with minimal risk for complications. Pain was well‐controlled in all subgroups indicating that this strategy can be used flexibly in a variety of pediatric burn patients.
Expanding the range of editable targets in the wheat genome using the variants of the Cas12a and Cas9 nucleases
Authors: Wang Wei , Tian Bin , Pan Qianli , Chen Yueying , He Fei , Bai Guihua , Akhunova Alina , Trick Harold N. , Akhunov Eduard 
Published: July 2021

SummaryThe development of CRISPR‐based editors recognizing distinct protospacer‐adjacent motifs (PAMs), or having different spacer length/structure requirements broadens the range of possible genomic applications. We evaluated the natural and engineered variants of Cas12a (FnCas12a and LbCas12a) and Cas9 for their ability to induce mutations in endogenous genes controlling important agronomic traits in wheat. Unlike FnCas12a, LbCas12a‐induced mutations in the wheat genome, even though with a lower rate than that reported for SpCas9. The eight‐fold improvement in the gene editing efficiency was achieved for LbCas12a by using the guides flanked by ribozymes and driven by the RNA polymerase II promoter from switchgrass. The efficiency of multiplexed genome editing (MGE) using LbCas12a was mostly similar to that obtained using the simplex RNA guides and showed substantial increase after subjecting transgenic plants to high‐temperature treatment. We successfully applied LbCas12a‐MGE for generating heritable mutations in a gene controlling grain size and weight in wheat. We showed that the range of editable loci in the wheat genome could be further expanded by using the engineered variants of Cas12a (LbCas12a‐RVR) and Cas9 (Cas9‐NG and xCas9) that recognize the TATV and NG PAMs, respectively, with the Cas9‐NG showing higher editing efficiency on the targets with atypical PAMs compared to xCas9. In conclusion, our study reports a set of validated natural and engineered variants of Cas12a and Cas9 editors for targeting loci in the wheat genome not amenable to modification using the original SpCas9 nuclease.
Smallholder farmers’ perception of climate change and drivers of adaptation in agriculture: A case study in Guinea
Authors: Ceci Paolo , Monforte Lavinia , Perelli Chiara , Cicatiello Clara , Branca Giacomo , Franco Silvio , Diallo Fatoumata Binta Sombily , Blasi Emanuele , Scarascia Mugnozza Giuseppe 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn developing countries, the adoption of effective climate change adaptation strategies can safeguard rural communities’ livelihoods. Using survey data collected in Guinea in 2012, the paper investigates the factors affecting households’ strategies to face adverse climate change impacts. A three‐step methodology is applied: (1) assessment of the magnitude of real climatic trends in the study area together with farmers’ perception of climate change; (2) identification of physical and socioeconomic variables influencing farmers’ adaptation propensity; and (3) analysis of factors affecting adaptation choices, including climate change perception. The climatic data analysis confirms increase in minimum and maximum temperature trends, increase in annual average millimeters of rain, and decrease in average number of storms per year. Farmers’ perception of climate change turned out to be aligned with historical climatic trends and represents an important determinant for the adoption of adaptation strategies. The regression model results suggest that the propensity to adapt is positively influenced by the level of education and a limited access to water resources and agricultural inputs, forcing households to adopt new cropping calendars. Effective policy action should consider different areas, including climate change awareness, education, access to natural and physical assets, and availability of economic resources to local communities.
Towards the Internet of Water: Using graph databases for hydrological analysis on the Flemish river system
Authors: Bollen Erik , Hendrix Rik , Kuijpers Bart , Vaisman Alejandro 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe “Internet of Water” project will deploy 2,500 sensors along the Flemish river system, in Belgium. These sensors will be part of a monitoring system. This will produce an enormous amount of data, on which prediction and analysis tasks can be performed. To represent, store, and query river data, relational databases are normally used. However, this choice introduces an “impedance mismatch” between the conceptual representation (typically a graph) and the storage model (relational tables). To solve this problem, this article proposes to use graph databases. The Flemish river system is presented as a use case and the Neo4j graph database and its high‐level query language, Cypher, are used for storing and querying the data, respectively. A relational alternative is implemented over the PostgreSQL database. A collection of representative queries of interest for hydrologists is defined over both database implementations.
Joint Trauma System, Defense Committee on Trauma, and Armed Services Blood Program consensus statement on whole blood
Authors: Shackelford Stacy A. , Gurney Jennifer M. , Taylor Audra L. , Keenan Sean , Corley Jason B. , Cunningham Cord W. , Drew Brendon G. , Jensen Shane D. , Kotwal Russ S. , Montgomery Harold R. , Nance Erika T. , Remley Michael A. , Cap Andrew P. ,   the Joint Trauma System Defense Committee on Trauma,   the Armed Services Blood Program
Published: July 2021

AbstractHemorrhage is the most common mechanism of death in battlefield casualties with potentially survivable injuries. There is evidence that early blood product transfusion saves lives among combat casualties. When compared to component therapy, fresh whole blood transfusion improves outcomes in military settings. Cold‐stored whole blood also improves outcomes in trauma patients. Whole blood has the advantage of providing red cells, plasma, and platelets together in a single unit, which simplifies and speeds the process of resuscitation, particularly in austere environments. The Joint Trauma System, the Defense Committee on Trauma, and the Armed Services Blood Program endorse the following: (1) whole blood should be used to treat hemorrhagic shock; (2) low‐titer group O whole blood is the resuscitation product of choice for the treatment of hemorrhagic shock for all casualties at all roles of care; (3) whole blood should be available within 30 min of casualty wounding, on all medical evacuation platforms, and at all resuscitation and surgical team locations; (4) when whole blood is not available, component therapy should be available within 30 min of casualty wounding; (5) all prehospital medical providers should be trained and logistically supported to screen donors, collect fresh whole blood from designated donors, transfuse blood products, recognize and treat transfusion reactions, and complete the minimum documentation requirements; (6) all deploying military personnel should undergo walking blood bank prescreen laboratory testing for transfusion transmitted disease immediately prior to deployment. Those who are blood group O should undergo anti‐A/anti‐B antibody titer testing.
Perception of risk in massive transfusion as it relates to fetal outcomes: A survey of surgeons and nurses at one American trauma center
Authors: Uhlich Rindi , Hu Parker , Yazer Mark , Jansen Jan O. , Patrician Patricia , Reynolds Lindy , Marques Marisa B. , Stephens Shannon W. , Gelbard Rondi B. , Kerby Jeffrey , Holcomb John B. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe use of blood products early in the resuscitation of bleeding trauma patients is widely accepted, but made difficult by limited supplies of D− red blood cell (RBC)‐containing products. Use of D+ RBC‐containing products would alleviate this issue, but could lead to alloimmunization. Risk associated with transfusing D+ RBC in emergency bleeding situations is being reconsidered. The level of concern surrounding emergency transfusion as it relates to future fetal harm was surveyed among surgeons and nurses.MethodsFaculty and staff in the Departments of Surgery and Nursing were surveyed on the risks of receiving an emergency RBC transfusion and the subsequent potential for fetal harm. Answers were grouped as likely to accept (likely/very likely) or refuse transfusion (unlikely/very unlikely). Participants were compared by sex, and women by child‐bearing age, ([15–50 years] vs. [>50 years]).ResultsNinety surveys were initiated with 76 fully completed. Male (n = 39) and female (n = 37) respondents were comparable. Most female respondents (30/37, 81%) were of childbearing age. Overall, both males (38/39, 95%) and females (33/37, 89%; p = .19) were likely to accept a transfusion in an emergency. There was no difference in transfusion acceptance if the risk of fetal harm was presented as 1% (p = .73) or 0.1% (p = .51). Most females (34/37, 92%) were not opposed to transfusion even if there was an unspecified risk of future fetal harm.ConclusionMost of the surgeons and nurses who responded would accept a transfusion in an emergency situation even if it might lead to harming a future fetus.
Spray‐dried plasma: A post‐traumatic blood “bridge” for life‐saving resuscitation
Authors: Popovsky Mark A. , White Nathan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMassive bleeding remains a major source of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Recent studies have shed light on the pathophysiology of traumatic‐induced coagulopathy and the central role of endotheliopathy. Transfusion therapy has changed dramatically in the last decade with use of red cells and plasma in a 1:1 ratio. The use of early transfusion increases the likelihood of a favorable outcome. Early intervention‐preferably less than 60 min of injury‐is a major factor in improved survival. Experience with dried plasma products—lyophilized or freeze‐dried—in Europe and South Africa has demonstrated both safety and efficacy. Dry plasma products are not available in the United States but several products are in development. Spray‐dried plasma contains clinically meaningful levels of coagulation activity and in vitro data suggest robust ability to generate thrombus. The decentralized, blood‐center based manufacturing model of spray‐dried plasma offers advantages for availability to meet routine and extraordinary demands.
Cold‐stored leukoreduced whole blood: Extending the time between donation and filtration has minimal impact on in vitro quality
Authors: Schubert Peter , Chen Zhongming , Bhakta Varsha , Culibrk Brankica , Wambolt Richard , Sheffield William P. , Devine Dana V. , McTaggart Ken 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundLeukoreduced whole blood (LR‐WB) has received renewed attention as alternative to component‐based transfusion in trauma. According to the manufacturer's instructions, leukoreduction should be carried out within 8 h after collection. This study assessed impact of (1) WB collection bag, (2) LR filtration, and (3) timing of filtration on in vitro quality.Study Design and MethodsWB collected into different vendor bags was held at room temperature for <8 h or >16 h but <24 h prior to LR. In vitro quality was assessed before and after filtration, and throughout 3 weeks of storage at 4°C. Cell count and hemoglobin levels were determined by hematology analyzer, platelet activation, and responsiveness to ADP by surface expression of P‐selectin by flow cytometry, hemolysis by HemoCue, and metabolic parameters by blood gas analyzer. Hemostatic properties were assessed by rotational thromboelastometry. Plasma protein activities and clotting times were determined by automated coagulation analyzer or quantitative immunoblotting.ResultsBag type had no impact on WB in vitro quality. LR by filtration had some impact, but is aligned with data in the literature. The time between donation and filtration resulted in some statistically significant differences in metabolic activity, platelet yield, platelet activation, and factor protein activity initially; however, these differences in in vitro quality attributes decreased throughout 21‐day cold storage.ConclusionWB hold time showed only a minor impact on WB in vitro quality, so it may be possible for blood processing facilities to explore extended hold times prior to filtration in order to provide greater operational flexibility.