bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluid mechanical modeling of the upper urinary tract
Authors: Zheng Shaokai , Carugo Dario , Mosayyebi Ali , Turney Ben , Burkhard Fiona , Lange Dirk , Obrist Dominik , Waters Sarah , Clavica Francesco 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe upper urinary tract (UUT) consists of kidneys and ureters, and is an integral part of the human urogenital system. Yet malfunctioning and complications of the UUT can happen at all stages of life, attributed to reasons such as congenital anomalies, urinary tract infections, urolithiasis and urothelial cancers, all of which require urological interventions and significantly compromise patients' quality of life. Therefore, many models have been developed to address the relevant scientific and clinical challenges of the UUT. Of all approaches, fluid mechanical modeling serves a pivotal role and various methods have been employed to develop physiologically meaningful models. In this article, we provide an overview on the historical evolution of fluid mechanical models of UUT that utilize theoretical, computational, and experimental approaches. Descriptions of the physiological functionality of each component are also given and the mechanical characterizations associated with the UUT are provided. As such, it is our aim to offer a brief summary of the current knowledge of the subject, and provide a comprehensive introduction for engineers, scientists, and clinicians who are interested in the field of fluid mechanical modeling of UUT.This article is categorized under:
Cancer > Biomedical Engineering
Infectious Diseases > Biomedical Engineering
Reproductive System Diseases > Biomedical Engineering
Active Semantic Relations in Layered Enterprise Architecture Development
Authors: Baxter Matt , Polovina Simon , Laurier Wim , Rosing Mark von 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEnterprise Architecture (EA) metamodels align an organisation’s business, information and technology resources so that these assets best meet the organisation’s purpose. The Layered EA Development (LEAD) Ontology enhances EA practices by a metamodel with layered metaobjects as its building blocks interconnected by semantic relations. Each metaobject connects to another metaobject by two semantic relations in opposing directions, thus highlighting how each metaobject views other metaobjects from its perspective. While the resulting two directed graphs reveal all the multiple pathways in the metamodel, more desirable would be to have one directed graph that focusses on the dependencies in the pathways. Towards this aim, using CG-FCA (where CG refers to Conceptual Graph and FCA to Formal Concept Analysis) and a LEAD case study, we determine an algorithm that elicits the active as opposed to the passive semantic relations between the metaobjects resulting in one directed graph metamodel. We also identified the general applicability of our algorithm to any metamodel that consists of triples of objects with active and passive relations.
A Belief Update System Using an Event Model for Location of People in a Smart Home
Authors: Bernert Marie , Ramparany Fano 
Published: March 2021

AbstractArtificial Intelligence applications often require to maintain a knowledge base about the observed environment. In particular, when the current knowledge is inconsistent with new information, it has to be updated. Such inconsistency can be due to erroneous assumptions or to changes in the environment. Here we considered the second case, and develop a knowledge update algorithm based on event logic that takes into account constraints according to which the environment can evolve. These constraints take the form of events that modify the environment in a well-defined manner. The belief update triggered by a new observation is thus explained by a sequence of events. We then apply this algorithm to the problem of locating people in a smart home and show that taking into account past information and move’s constraints improves location inference.
A Natural Language Generation Technique for Automated Psychotherapy
Authors: Mann Graham , Kishore Beena , Dhillon Pyara 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe need for software applications that can assist with mental disorders has never been greater. Individuals suffering from mental illnesses often avoid consultation with a psychotherapist, because they do not realize the need, or because they cannot or will not face the social and economic consequences, which can be severe. Between ideal treatment by a human therapist and self-help websites lies the possibility of a helpful interaction with a language-using computer. A model of empathic response planning for sentence generation in a forthcoming automated psychotherapist is described here. The model combines emotional state tracking, contextual information from the patient’s history and continuously updated therapeutic goals to form suitable conceptual graphs that may then be realized as suitable textual sentences.
Usage Patterns Identification Using Graphs and Machine Learning
Authors: Sonea Ovidiu-Dan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDuring the past years, the number of platforms that are introducing a subscription plan is steadily increasing. This phenomenon helps support the developers as well as continuing to provide quality content. Since not so many individuals are willing to spend money or some simply do not have the means, they resort to sharing an account that has a subscription plan. This behavior can, in some instances, be harmful for the developers and, even if it is not, any provider can benefit from knowing what type of clients they have. The solution depicted and explored in this article will focus on using data that is easily available and structuring it in a way that can provide insight into each account activity.
Light(ly)-coupled dark matter in the keV range: freeze-in and constraints
Authors: Chang Jae Hyeok , Essig Rouven , Reinert Annika 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Dark matter produced from thermal freeze-out is typically restricted to have masses above roughly 1 MeV. However, if the couplings are small, the freeze-in mechanism allows for production of dark matter down to keV masses. We consider dark matter coupled to a dark photon that mixes with the photon and dark matter coupled to photons through an electric or magnetic dipole moment. We discuss contributions to the freeze-in production of such dark matter particles from standard model fermion-antifermion annihilation and plasmon decay. We also derive constraints on such dark matter from the cooling of red giant stars and horizontal branch stars, carefully evaluating the thermal processes as well as the bremsstrahlung process that dominates for masses above the plasma frequency. We find that the parameters needed to obtain the observed relic abundance from freeze-in are excluded below a few tens of keV, depending on the value of the dark gauge coupling constant for the dark photon portal model, and below a few keV, depending on the reheating temperature for dark matter with an electric or magnetic dipole moment. While laboratory probes are unlikely to probe these freeze-in scenarios in general, we show that for dark matter with an electric or magnetic dipole moment and for dark matter masses above the reheating temperature, the couplings needed for freeze-in to produce the observed relic abundance can be probed partially by upcoming direct-detection experiments.
Alternative Cauchy equation in three unknown functions
Authors: Forti Gian Luigi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this paper we deal with the product of two or three Cauchy differences equaled to zero. We show that in the case of two Cauchy differences, the condition of absolute continuity and differentiability of the two functions involved implies that one of them must be linear, i.e., we have a trivial solution. In the case of the product of three Cauchy differences the situation changes drastically: there exists non trivial$${\mathcal {C}}^{\infty }$$C∞solutions, while in the case of real analytic functions we obtain that at least one of the functions involved must be linear. Some open problems are then presented.
Does regular strength training cause urinary incontinence in overweight inactive women? A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Bø Kari , Haakstad Lene Anette H. , Paulsen Gøran , Rustaden Anne Mette 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Introduction and hypothesis
Urinary incontinence (UI) is common in women who exercise. We aimed to investigate new onset UI in formerly inactive, overweight or obese women (BMI > 25) participating in three different strength training modalities compared with a non-exercising control group.

Methods
This was a secondary analysis of an assessor blinded randomized controlled trial investigating the effect of 12 weeks of three strength training concepts for women on muscle strength and body composition. None of the programs included pelvic floor muscle training. International Consensus on Incontinence Questionnaire Urinary Incontinence Short Form (ICIQ-UI-SF) was used to investigate primary outcome; new onset UI, and secondary outcome; ICIQ-UI-SF sum score. Suissa and Shuster’s exact unconditional test was used to analyze difference in new onset UI. Difference in ICIQ-UI-SF sum score is presented as mean with 95% CI.

Results
At baseline 40 out of 128 (31.2%) participants reported UI. Three out of 27, 2 out of 17, 2 out of 23, and 0 out of 21 women in the three training and control groups respectively had new onset UI. There were no statistically significant differences in new onset UI across the groups or when collapsing new onset UI in the intervention groups compared with the controls (7 out of 67 vs 0 out of 21), p = 0.124. After the intervention the control group reported worse ICIQ-UI-SF sum score than any of the training groups; mean difference − 6.6 (95% CI: −11.9, −1.27), p = 0.012, but there was no difference in change from baseline to 12 weeks between the groups p = 0.145).

Conclusions
There was no statistically significant change in UI after strength training.
An extension of the Rådström cancellation theorem to cornets
Authors: Molnár Gábor M. , Páles Zsolt 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to introduce the notion of cornets, which form a particular subclass of ordered semigroups also equipped with a multiplication by natural numbers. The most important standard examples for cornets are the families of the nonempty subsets and the nonempty fuzzy subsets of a vector space. In a cornet, the convexity, nonnegativity, Archimedean property, boundedness, closedness of an element can be defined naturally. The basic properties related to these notions are established. The main result extends the Cancellation Principle discovered by Rådström in 1952.
Clinical analysis of 13 children with primary hyperoxaluria type 1
Authors: Lin Jin-ai , Liao Xin , Wu Wenlin , Xiao Lixia , Liu Longshan , Qiu Jiang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA retrospective statistical analysis of primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1) in children from June 2016 to May 2019 was carried out to discover its clinical and molecular biological characteristics. Patients were divided into two groups (infant and noninfant) according to clinic type. There were 13 pediatric patients (male:female = 6:7) with PH1 in the cohort from 11 families (four of which were biological siblings from two families), whose median age of symptom onset was 12 months and median confirmed diagnosis age was 14 months. Infant type (6 patients) was the most common type. The infant type mortality rate (100%) was higher than the noninfant (14.3%) (p = 0.029). The incidence of renal failure in infant patients was 67%, while the noninfant was 14.3%. 8 of 10 patients with nephrocalcinosis (NC) (76.92%, 10/13) were diagnosed by radiological imaging examinations, including X-ray (3 patients), CT (4 patients) and MRI (1 patient). NC was an independent risk factor for renal insufficiency [OR 3.33, 95% CI (0.7–1.2)], p < 0.05). Nine types of AGXT gene mutations were found; 1 type, c.190A > T, were first reported here. The most common AGXT gene mutation was c.679_680del, which occurred in exon 6 (5 patients). The infant type is the most common type of pediatric PH, with a relatively higher ratio of renal failure at symptom onset and poor prognosis. NC is an independent risk factor leading to renal failure, and radiological imaging examination is recommended for patients with abnormal ultrasound examination to identify NC. AGXT gene detection is important for the diagnosis and treatment of PH1 in children.
Blumgart Anastomosis After Pancreaticoduodenectomy. A Comprehensive Systematic Review, Meta‐Analysis, and Meta‐Regression
Authors: Ricci Claudio , Ingaldi Carlo , Alberici Laura , Pagano Nico , Mosconi Cristina , Marasco Giovanni , Minni Francesco , Casadei Riccardo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe superiority of Blumgart anastomosis (BA) over non‐BA duct to mucosa (non‐BA DtoM) still remains under debate.MethodsWe performed a systematic search of studies comparing BA to non‐BA DtoM. The primary endpoint was CR‐POPF. Postoperative morbidity and mortality, post‐pancreatectomy hemorrhage (PPH), delayed gastric emptying (DGE), reoperation rate, and length of stay (LOS) were evaluated as secondary endpoints. The meta‐analysis was carried out using random effect. The results were reported as odds ratio (OR), risk difference (RD), weighted mean difference (WMD), and number needed to treat (NNT).ResultsTwelve papers involving 2368 patients: 1075 BA and 1193 non‐BA DtoM were included. Regarding the primary endpoint, BA was superior to non‐BA DtoM (RD = 0.10; 95% CI: −0.16 to −0.04; NNT = 9). The multivariate ORs' meta‐analysis confirmed BA's protective role (OR 0.26; 95% CI: 0.09 to 0.79). BA was superior to DtoM regarding overall morbidity (RD = −0.10; 95% CI: −0.18 to −0.02; NNT = 25), PPH (RD = −0.03; 95% CI −0.06 to −0.01; NNT = 33), and LOS (− 4.2 days; −7.1 to −1.2 95% CI).ConclusionBA seems to be superior to non‐BA DtoM in avoiding CR‐POPF.
Diagnosis and Management of Adult Omental Infarction: 10‐Year Case Series
Authors: Diab Jason , Badiani Sarit , Berney Christophe R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundOmental infarction is a rare cause of an acute abdomen with nonspecific signs that can be easily mistaken with other more common intra‐abdominal pathologies. The increased use of radiological imaging has brought this diagnosis to attention with respect to management plan. We present the experience of an Australian hospital network with the diagnosis and management of omental infarction to raise awareness of this uncommon pathology.MethodsA retrospective review of medical records of adult patients diagnosed with omental infarction from 2010 to 2020 was conducted across four major hospitals in South Western Sydney. Data relating to clinical presentation, investigations, management and outcomes were obtained.ResultsOmental infarction was diagnosed in 61 patients (mean 51.1 years, range: 19–76 years old). All patients presented with nonspecific abdominal pain with the most common sites being the right iliac fossa followed by the right upper quadrant, respectively, over an average period of 2.7 days. Computed tomography and/or diagnostic laparoscopy identified omental infarction in all cases. Forty‐two patients (68.9%) had successful conservative management, six failed conservative management and 19 patients had emergency laparoscopic omentectomy. The average hospital length of stay was 3.4 days with no significant morbidity or mortality.ConclusionOmental infarction generally presents with nonspecific clinical signs often masquerading as other more common abdominal diagnosis like cholecystitis or appendicitis. A trial of conservative management initially coupled with appropriate imaging should be recommended within the first 24–48 h before considering surgical treatment in refractory cases.
Heating of an Aortic Stent for Coarctation Treatment During Magnetic Particle Imaging and Magnetic Resonance Imaging—A Comparative In Vitro Study
Authors: Grzyska Ulrike , Friedrich Thomas , Sieren Malte M. , Stahlberg Erik , Oechtering Thekla H. , Ahlborg Mandy , Buzug Thorsten M. , Frydrychowicz Alex , Barkhausen Joerg , Haegele Julian , Wegner Franz 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate heating of a redilatable stent for the treatment of aortic coarctation in neonates and small children in the new imaging modality magnetic particle imaging and established magnetic resonance imaging.

Materials and Methods
The cobalt-chromium stent (BabyStent, OSYPKA AG, Rheinfelden, Germany) has a stent design which allows for redilatation and adjustment of the diameter from 6 to 16 mm for a use in aortic coarctation. The stent loses its radial integrity while opening at predetermined breaking points at a diameter of 14 mm or 16 mm, respectively. We measured the temperature increase in the stent at different diameters during 7-min magnetic particle imaging and magnetic resonance imaging scans with fiber optic thermometers under static conditions surrounded by air. In magnetic particle imaging, stents with diameters from 6 to 16 mm were tested while in magnetic resonance imaging only stents with diameters of 6 mm and 14 mm were investigated exemplarily.

Result
In magnetic particle imaging, the measured temperature differences increased up to 4.7 K with growing diameters, whereas the opened stents with discontinuous struts at 14 and 16 mm showed only minimal heating of max. 0.5 K. In contrast to magnetic particle imaging, our measurements showed no heating of the stents during magnetic resonance imaging under identical conditions.

Conclusion
The BabyStent did show only slight heating in magnetic particle imaging and no detectable temperature increase in magnetic resonance imaging.
Nucleotide spacing distribution analysis for human genome
Authors: Górski Andrzej Z. , Piwowar Monika 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe distribution of nucleotides spacing in human genome was investigated. An analysis of the frequency of occurrence in the human genome of different sequence lengths flanked by one type of nucleotide was carried out showing that the distribution has no self-similar (fractal) structure. The results nevertheless revealed several characteristic features: (i) the distribution for short-range spacing is quite similar to the purely stochastic sequences; (ii) the distribution for long-range spacing essentially deviates from the random sequence distribution, showing strong long-range correlations; (iii) the differences between (A, T) and (C, G) nucleotides are quite significant; (iv) the spacing distribution displays tiny oscillations.
Analysis of transonic buffet using dynamic mode decomposition
Authors: Feldhusen-Hoffmann Antje , Lagemann Christian , Loosen Simon , Meysonnat Pascal , Klaas Michael , Schröder Wolfgang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe buffet flow field around supercritical airfoils is dominated by self-sustained shock wave oscillations on the suction side of the wing. Theories assume that this unsteadiness is driven by a feedback loop of disturbances in the flow field downstream of the shock wave whose upstream propagating part is generated by acoustic waves. High-speed particle-image velocimetry measurements are performed to investigate this feedback loop in transonic buffet flow over a supercritical DRA 2303 airfoil. The freestream Mach number is $$M_{\infty } = 0.73$$

M
∞

=
0.73

, the angle of attack is $$\alpha = 3.5^{\circ }$$

α
=
3
.

5
∘

, and the chord-based Reynolds number is $${\mathrm{Re}}_{c} = 1.9\times 10^6$$

Re
c

=
1.9
×

10
6

. The obtained velocity fields are processed by sparsity-promoting dynamic mode decomposition to identify the dominant dynamic features contributing strongest to the buffet flow field. Two pronounced dynamic modes are found which confirm the presence of two main features of the proposed feedback loop. One mode is related to the shock wave oscillation frequency and its shape includes the movement of the shock wave and the coupled pulsation of the recirculation region downstream of the shock wave. The other pronounced mode represents the disturbances which form the downstream propagating part of the proposed feedback loop. The frequency of this mode corresponds to the frequency of the acoustic waves which are generated by these downstream traveling disturbances and which form the upstream propagating part of the proposed feedback loop. In this study, the post-processing, i.e., the DMD, is highlighted to substantiate the existence of this vortex mode. It is this vortex mode that via the Lamb vector excites the shock oscillations. The measurement data based DMD results confirm numerical findings, i.e., the dominant buffet and vortex modes are in good agreement with the feedback loop suggested by Lee.
Graphic abstract
Correlates of the discrepancy between objective and subjective cognitive functioning in non-demented patients with Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Siciliano Mattia , Trojano Lugi , De Micco Rosa , Sant’Elia Valeria , Giordano Alfonso , Russo Antonio , Passamonti Luca , Tedeschi Gioacchino , Chiorri Carlo , Tessitore Alessandro 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Subjective complaints of cognitive deficits are not necessarily consistent with objective evidence of cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Here we examined the factors associated with the objective-subjective cognitive discrepancy.

Methods
We consecutively enrolled 90 non-demented patients with PD who completed the Parkinson’s Disease Cognitive Functional Rating Scale (subjective cognitive measure) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA; objective cognitive measure). The patients were classified as “Overestimators”, “Accurate estimators”, and “Underestimators” on the basis of the discrepancy between the objective vs. subjective cognitive measures. To identify the factors distinguishing these groups from each other, we used chi-square tests or one-way analyses of variance, completed by logistic and linear regression analyses.

Results
Forty-nine patients (54.45%) were classified as “Accurate estimators”, 29 (32.22%) as “Underestimators”, and 12 (13.33%) as “Overestimators”. Relative to the other groups, the “Underestimators” scored higher on the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Parkinson Anxiety Scale (p < 0.01). Logistic regression confirmed that FSS and BDI scores distinguished the “Underestimators” group from the others (p < 0.05). Linear regression analyses also indicated that FSS and BDI scores positively related to objective-subjective cognitive discrepancy (p < 0.01). “Overestimators” scored lower than other groups on the MoCA’s total score and attention and working memory subscores (p < 0.01).

Conclusion
In more than 45% of consecutive non-demented patients with PD, we found a ‘mismatch’ between objective and subjective measures of cognitive functioning. Such discrepancy, which was related to the presence of fatigue and depressive symptoms and frontal executive impairments, should be carefully evaluated in clinical setting.