bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Production and quality of forage alfalfa (Medicago sativa L) with organic and inorganic fertilization
Authors: Ananda S , Lukiwati D R , Purbajanti E D 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The effect of organic and inorganic fertilizer on the quality of forage alfalfa (Medicago sativa L). The material used are alfalfa seed, land used for the research are area of 324 m2, KCl and urea fertilizer as basic fertilizer, P fertilizer as a treatment is SP 36, BP and organic fertilizers. Organic fertilizer derived from cow and goat manure, with each dose of 35 tons/ha. The research design is a randomized block design with 9 treatments and 3 replications as follows: P0: control (without P fertilizer, without organic fertilizer), P1: Manure A (cow), P2: Manure B (goat), P3: Manure ‘plus’ A, P4: Manure ‘plus’ B, P5: Manure A + BP, P6: Manure B + BP, P7: Manure A + SP-36, P8: Manure B + SP-36. The observed parameters were forage dry matter production, crude protein content and crude fiber content. The data was analysed by analysis of variance, followed by Duncan test. The results showed that manure ‘plus’ produce higher dry matter production than manure and manure A/B + SP 36 in the second cutting. Manure A/B + SP 36 fertilizer produce equal crude protein and crude fiber content to manure ‘plus’ both in the first defoliation and second defoliation.
Colour and chemical characteristics of patty burger added with red fruit paste (Pandanus conoideus Lamk)
Authors: Tharukliling S , Radiati L E , Thohari I , Susilo A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Red fruit is a Papua endemic plant which is rich in bioactive components such as carotene, tocopherol and fatty acids. Red fruit paste (RFP) is a waste from the process of making red fruit oil which is processed using wet rendering and still rich of bioactive component. This study aims to determine the effect of adding red fruit paste on the colour and chemical characteristics beef patties. The colour beef patty observed based formulated by different level of red fruit paste (PandanusconoideusLamk) at 0, 5, 10 and 15% to replace fat animal. The addition of up to 15% red fruit paste to beef patty formulation showed the higher L* (brightness) value and the lower value was the control patty. All red fruit paste-based beef patty enhance colour a* (redness). Higherlevelpaste will made patty became more redness. The addition red fruit paste in 5% had higher b* (yellowness) value, on theotherhandparameter of chemical characteristic of beef patty was compared with patty control treatment and patty with 15% level RFP was the best colour result. The data took before and after cooked. The protein content before and after cooking had a higher value by control treatment but for the value of fat, carbohydrate, water, ash and carotene content in the patty with 15% RFP the value was higher than the control both before and after cooking.
Liquid smoke characteristic from coconut shell and rice husk
Authors: Andy  , Malaka R , Purwanti S , Ali H M , Aulyani T L 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Liquid smoke is the condensation result of wood pyrolysis. It contains lots of compounds formed by the constituent pyrolysis process such as cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Lignin can be used to produce organic acids, phenols, carbonyl that become the compound of natural antibiotics, antioxidants, antibiotics, disinfectants, or as biopesticides and food preservation. Those compounds have different proportions such as type, wood moisture and pyrolysis temperature. This research uses a completely random design with three repetitions. The treatments were liquid smoke raw materials source: P0 = coconut shell, P1 = rice husk and P2 = coconut shell + rice husk (50:50). The parameters measured include pH, yield (%), total acid (%), polyphenols (%) and flavonoids (ppm). The result of this research on the production of liquid smoke that is produced by various raw materials shows: Various raw materials influence the performance of pyrolysis equipment, liquid smoke chemical and physical qualities. Based on this research, Liquid smoke from coconut shell has a percentage yield of 3.23% polyphenol 1.14%, total acid 0.54% and flavonoid 1.06 ppm. Liquid smoke from coconut shell and Liquid smoke maker very potential to be developed and produce, also partiularly to reach a higher temperature.
Gastrointestinal development of male and female domestic canary (Serinus canaria) in the starter and grower periods
Authors: Setiyono E , Atang  , Raharjo P , Haryanto T 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The nutritional requirements of domestic canary (Serinus canaria) for life is determined by one of the roles of gastrointestinal organs. Thus, the evaluation of the development of canary gastrointestinal organs of males and females needs to know. The research method used was an observational survey with purposive sampling. The study used forty-eight canaries divided into two groups (twenty-four males and twenty-four females). Each group was taken a sample of six birds discontinue every month for four months. One-way ANOVA analyzed data at 95% confidence level. An Independent t-Test was used to see differences in gastrointestinal development between the two groups. A correlation test was used to determine the relationship between body weight with the development of gastrointestinal. The results showed that proventricular weight, ventricular weight, liver weight, small intestine weight, jejunum length, and ilium length for the two groups were significantly different between data collection times (P<0.05). The development of proventriculus, ventriculus, liver, small intestine, duodenum was significantly different (P<0.05) between the two groups. The growth in body weight correlates with the development of all gastrointestinal organs. Thus, it is concluded that the weight and size of the gastrointestinal organs increases with canaries age and gastrointestinal development differs between male and female groups.
Plantaricin characteristics for teat dipping in milking cow treatment
Authors: Wahyuningtyas A N , Arief I I , Taufik E 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Fresh milk is perishable food, especially due to the microbial activity in it. Milk that contains lots of water and nutrients is indeed suitable for growth. Milking process allows the milk contamination from bacteria and impurities. Bacteriocin produced by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) has been known to display antimicrobial properties against some Gram-positive and negative bacteria. Therefore, bacteriocins can be used as biopreservative on both raw and processed foods. Lactobacillus plantarum is a bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacterium known as plantaricin. Plantaricin IIA-1A5 has been previously isolated from Indonesian BAL of L. plantarum IIA-1A5. Because of this reason in this research, the characteristics are highlighted plantaricin IIA-1A5 in fresh cow’s milk as antibacterial in the milking process. Lactoscan is used to analyze fat, Solid Non Fat (SNF), and protein in fresh milk. The results showed that the lactoscan results and microbiological characteristics of fresh milk have met SNI 3141.1 2011.
Potential of animal leather as a strategic commodity for the livestock industry: A review
Authors: Said M I 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Indonesia is one of the countries rich in germplasm in the form of livestock. Livestock products can be in the form of meat, milk and eggs as well as by-products such as leather. Animal leathers are one of the by-products of livestock produced from a livestock slaughtering industry. Animal leathers have the potential as raw material for non-oil and gas export products. Until now, livestock by-product in the form of leather has been processed and utilized by many people in Indonesia. Utilization is carried out in the form of food and non-food products. The use of food and non-food products has been developed commercially by the community, both in the form of small, micro, medium and large scale industries. Animal leathers are one of the livestock by products that have the highest economic value compared to the others. This is because animal leather is one of the export products. Until now, the exported animal leathers are still in the form of non-food products, while some derivatives of leather products in the form of food products are still imported. The potential of livestock leathers as one of the strategic commodities of the livestock industry needs to be maximally developed. Improving the quality of animal leathers needs to be done in an effort to increase the source of foreign exchange.
Coconut (Cocos nucifera) and Salak (Salacca zalacca) polysaccharides in the diets of Escherichia coli-challenged broilers
Authors: Mozin S , Hatta U , Gobel M , Toana N M , Hafsah  , Sundu B 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Palm polysaccharides were believed to contain mannose monosaccharides that are beneficial as an antibiotic replacer for poultry. This experiment was conducted to study the effect of coconut and salak polysaccharides on growth performance, excreta dry matter, digestibility, and bursa of Fabricius weight of E. coli challenged broilers. A total of 140-day old unsexed broiler Cobb chicks were used as experimental birds for 4 weeks. During the first week, the chicks were allocated in five brooder pens and transferred into 20 pens on day 8. The broiler chicks were offered 5 different experimental rations. The rations were control basal diet (T1), basal diet added with antibiotic avilamycin (T2), basal diet added with commercial yeast oligosaccharides (T3), basal added with coconut polysaccharides (T4), and basal diet added with Salak (snake fruit) polysaccharides (T5). To protect the birds from New Castle diseases, vaccination was done on day 3. On day 14, the birds were challenged against E. coli for three consecutive days. Plastic feeders and drinkers were put in the pen. The experiment used a completely randomized design with five different rations, four replicate pens of 7 birds each. The data were subjected to the analysis of variance. Any significant differences detected in the variance analysis were then tested with the least significant difference test. Results indicated that after challenged with E. coli, birds fed the basal diet had lower body weight gain, mortality, excreta dry matter, and carcass percentage, but higher in FCR and bursa of Fabricius weight than the birds fed T2, T3, T4, and T5 diets. Feed intake of the E. coli challenged broilers were lower than those of broilers fed the T3 diet. Feed digestibility was not affected by the treatment diets. In conclusion, the addition of feed additives either antibiotic or palm polysaccharides could enhance the growth performance, carcass percentage, and excreta dry matter of the E. coli challenged broilers.
The weight and hatchability of quail egg viewed from the weight, index, and surface area of the egg
Authors: Kostaman T , Sopiyana S 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The research objective was to determine the weight and hatchability of quail eggs which were influenced by the weight, index, and surface area of the eggs. Quail eggs were obtained from Slamet Quail Farm, Sukabumi. The experimental design used was CRD. The treatments consisted of 3 categories, namely light egg weight (≤11.20 g), medium (11.21–13.06 g), and heavy (≥13.07 g); oval egg shape index (≤74.72), normal (74.73–84.04), and round (≥84.05); and the surface area of eggs is narrow (≤89.22 cm2), medium (89.23–95.88 cm2), and large (≥95.89 cm2). The data obtained were analyzed with GLM SPSS 22. If it shows a significant difference, then proceed with the Duncan test. The analysis showed that egg weight had an effect on the weight and hatchability (P<0.05), while the egg index had no effect on the weight and hatchability (P>0.05). While the large surface area affects the weight and hatchability (P<0.05), while the narrow and medium surface area does not affect the weight and hatchability (P>0.05). It can be concluded that the weight and hatchability of quail eggs are influenced by egg weight and large surface area, but not by egg index and narrow and medium surface area.
Reproductive performance and fertility index of Etawah-crossbred goats based on several parities at goat breeding station-Singosari, Malang, Indonesia
Authors: Suyadi S , Wahjuningsih S , Septian W A , Furqon A , Putri R F , Nugraha C D 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This research aimed to analyze the reproductive efficiency of Etawah-crossbred (PE) goats. Data were collected through a survey method. The research materials were 228 first-parity (P1), 226 second-parity (P2), 147 third-parity (P3), and 73 fourth-parity (P4) heads acquired in 2011–2017. We then observed the service per conception (S/C), days open (DO), conception rate (CR), kidding interval (KI), litter size, birth weight, and fertility index (FI). The obtained data were analyzed with compare means procedure (one-way ANOVA) by using SPSS version 20 and then Least Significant Difference to determine any significant differences. The CR was computed by chi-square test. Results showed that the PE parities significantly affect (P<0.05) the S/C, DO, CR, litter size, and birth weight, but not the KI (P>0.05). The FI was significant on P3 (63.75). Therefore, the reproductive performance of PE goats on several parities based on S/C, DO, CR, litter size, and birth weight was favorable, and P3 had the best reproductive traits according to the FI value.
Movement patterns of sperms at different bull breeds using computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA)
Authors: Raafi M , Yusuf M , Toleng A L , Diansyah A M , Surahman  , Sahiruddin  
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Bull plays an important role in the implementation of artificial insemination (AI), especially as a producer of spermatozoa. The movement pattern of sperms itself determines bull fertility. This is very important for the process of capacitation in the female reproductive tracks. The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in the characteristics of the motility of frozen semen at various breeds of bulls. This study was conducted in May 2020, at the Processing Semen Laboratory, Faculty of Animal Science, Hasanuddin University. This study was designed with 6 breeds of different bulls and 3 straws for replications. The results of the study were analyzed statistically using the one-way ANOVA. The results showed that the LIN and WOB values of frozen semen of Bali had significantly higher (P<0.05) than the other breeds. Likewise, STR values in Bali sperms had significantly higher (P<0.05) than Simmental, FH, Angus, and Brahman. VAP, VCL, VSL, and ALH values in Simmental had significantly higher (P<0.05) than the other breeds. The parameter distance achieved by Simmental sperms; DAP had significantly higher (P<0.05) in comparison to Bali and FH. Simmental had DCL highest value, and significantly (P<0.05) higher than Bali, FH, Angus, and Brahman. While Simmental had a significantly higher DSL value (P<0.05) than those Bali and FH.
Pregnancy rate of Artificial Insemination in beef cows after estrous synchronization at different region
Authors: Nirwana A U A , Toleng A L , Yusuf M 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to determine the pregnancy rate of artificial insemination (AI) in beef cows after estrous synchronization using prostaglandin (PGF2a). A total of 398 beef cows were used in the present study; 183 in Bantaeng (BT) region and 215 beef cows in Bulukumba (BK) region, respectively. Out of 398 beef cows, 201 were randomly subjected to estrous synchronization in both regions and inseminated after estrus was detected, and the remaining 197 beef cows were inseminated after natural estrus. The data were compared using the Chi-square test. The results of this study showed that the overall pregnancy rate with and without estrous synchronization was 52.8%; consisted of 58.7% and 46.7% of pregnancy rate with and without estrous synchronization, respectively. The pregnancy rate of AI in beef cows after synchronized the estrus in BT was significantly (P<0.05) lower than in BK (51.0% vs. 66.3%), but did not show significantly different for the pregnancy rate in beef cows without estrous synchronization. In the BK region, the pregnancy rate of the cows synchronized the estrus was significantly (P <0.05) higher than without estrous synchronization but did not in BT region. It can be concluded that there was a tendency that beef cows synchronized the estrus had a higher 12.0% pregnancy rate than without estrous synchronization.
Characteristics of libido and testosterone concentrations of Bali polled and horned Bulls
Authors: Hasbi H , Prahesti K I , Sonjaya H , Baco S , Wildayanti W , Gustina S 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Bali cattle as one of Indonesia’s native cattle have horns basically, both male and female. However, in its development, Bali cattle without horns have been found and known as polled. Bali polled is cattle whose horns do not grow naturally. The objective of this study was to determine the characteristics of libido and the concentration of testosterone in Bali polled and horned bulls. The samples were 8 individuals (4 polled and 4 horned) with an age between 3-8 years. Libido characteristics were measured by recording the time the bull first fondled the cow until ejaculate and analyzing the testosterone concentration using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. The collected data were analyzed by an independent sample T-Test. The results of this study indicated that the time required for a polled bull from fondling the female to ejaculation was longer (P<0.05) compared to horned (7.45±2.51 vs 2.42±0.60 minutes). While the testosterone concentration was not significantly different (P>0.05) 6.94±2.43 ng/mL vs 3.74±1.34 ng/mL although showed a higher tendency for the horned bull at 3.2 ng/mL. In conclusion, the polled bull took a longer time from fondling the female to ejaculation compared to horned, while the concentration of the hormone testosterone was equal. However, libido characteristics have a positive correlation with the testosterone concentration with a correlation coefficient of 0.805.
Chemical characteristics of fermented broiler feather concentrate using different methods
Authors: Hamri  , Said M I , Hatta W , Yuliati F N 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In Indonesia, broiler feather waste is one of the most highly productive wastes. The utilization of broiler feather waste as raw material for feather concentrate has not been widely studied. Feather waste contains keratin protein. This protein is stable and difficult to digest. Therefore, we need a method to produce hair concentrate products that have nutritional value that can be utilized by other livestock. It is hoped that the use of bacteria in the fermentation process of broiler feathers will provide a solution. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the characteristics of broiler concentrate fermented using different methods. A total of four methods of the fermentation process were applied, M-A = Broiler Feather + Bacillus subtilis FNCC 0060, M-B = Broiler Feather + Autoclave + Bacillus subtilis FNCC 0060, M-C = Broiler Feather + 5%NaOH +Bacillus subtilis FNCC 0060, M-D = Broiler Feather + Autoclave + 5%NaOH + Bacillus subtilis FNCC 0060.Bacillus subtilis FNCC 0060 isolates were propagated for preparation for fermentation. The study was designed using a completely randomized design with a unidirectional pattern of 4 treatments and 3 replications. The results showed that the application of different fermentation methods using Bacillus subtilis bacteria only had a different effect on the parameters of fat content, while protein and crude fiber levels did not have a significant effect. The application of the M-C fermentation process treatment is a treatment with better results than the other treatments.
The analysis of BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand) and COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) contents in the water of around laying chicken farm
Authors: Abdullahi A B , Siregar A R , Pakiding W , Mahyuddin  
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Business activities of laying chicken farm in Sidrap regency have been carried out for decades. This business is a hereditary business carried out by the local community. The number of chicken populations is also increasing as the demand for animal protein increases. This activity can lead to a decrease in water quality, thereby affecting the environmental sanitation system. Clean water is needed in meeting human needs to carry out all their activities. Based on this, an environmental test was carried out by analyzing the BOD and COD contents of water around laying chicken farms. This research aims to (1) determine the BOD and COD contents of water around the laying chicken farm, (2) comparing the BOD and COD contents of water around the laying chicken farm with the threshold value set by the government. This research was conducted in October - December 2018 in Sidenreng Rappang regency, South Sulawesi Indonesia. The method used in the water BOD content test is the Winkler method, while for water COD is the spectrophotometric method. The results show that the BOD contents of water around the laying chicken farm was 7.99 mg/L on average, and the water COD content was 18.47 mg/L. This research concluded that the BOD and COD contents of water around the laying chicken farm exceeds the threshold set by the government. The threshold for water BOD content is 2 mg/L while for water COD is 10 mg/L.
The effect of subjective norm on farmer behaviour in utilizing rice straw as feed in Barru district
Authors: Baba S , Yudu S , Nurlelah S 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Farmer behaviour is influenced by their social environment. The research objective was to determine the effect of subjective norms on farmer behaviour in using rice straw as feed. The research was conducted from January to March 2020 in Tompo Village, Barru Sub District, Barru District, which is one of the centers for developing Balinese cattle. The survey was conducted with farmers who used rice straw as feed by trained enumerators. The total population was 275 people and the number of respondents was 73 respondents which were determined by the simple random sampling method. Data analysis used the F test and t test using multiple linear regression models with the dependent variable of farmer behaviour in utilizing rice straw with criteria namely behaviour in hay storage, behaviour in processing and the technique of using straw as feed. The independent variables consist of extension agents influences (X1), family influences (X2), group influences (X3) and neighbour influences (X4). The results showed farmer dominantly stored their straw in a non-permanent warehouse. The technique of giving it to livestock was mixing salt and used it in the dry season. Factors that influence farmer behaviour in utilizing rice straw as feed are family (P<0.01) and neighbour influence (P<0.05). The family plays an important role in providing labour to collect hay, and neighbours become a model for other farmers to use rice straw as feed. Extension workers and groups are not a role model for breeders to adopt the technology of utilizing rice straw as feed in Barru district.