bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring how national educational organizations can promote educational research amongst members: a survey-based study
Authors: Butani Lavjay , Dallaghan Gary Beck 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Engagement of academic faculty in research remains low. While barriers to research have been explored, there are no data on how national organizations can help overcome these barriers. Our study explored faculty satisfaction and motivational drivers for engagement with research opportunities offered by the Council on Medical Student Education in Pediatrics (COMSEP), an organization of pediatric medical educators, and characterize strategies perceived by faculty to promote the use of these opportunities.Methods: In 2021, 5 survey questions were administered to faculty members of COMSEP to explore satisfaction with COMSEP’s research offerings, the perceived value of educational research, and the facilitators, barriers and potential opportunities for COMSEP to promote research. Clark’s Commitment and Necessary Effort model on motivation served as the theoretical framework for our study, which explores motivation, self-efficacy and contextual factors influencing individual’s pursuit of goals. Chi-square analysis and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test were used to compare categorical and scaled variables among groups who did and did not avail of COMSEP’s research offerings.Results: 90 (25%) of 360 recipients responded. Sixty-one percent expressed satisfaction with COMSEP’s research offerings. Sixty-eight percent indicated research was an expectation of their academic appointment, that education was their primary research focus (74%) and that they did not have other research opportunities that met their needs (58%). Of respondents, 75.7% of females had submitted a proposal versus 60% of females who had not. The comparison by gender was not statistically significant. Exploration by academic rank revealed that 35% of instructor/assistant professors had submitted a proposal compared to 65% of associate professors/professors (p=.05). Barriers leading to non-submission to any of the offerings included having too much other work, lack of enjoyment in writing and inability to find mentors. Respondents endorsed the importance of several strategies to promote engagement in research-skill building opportunities, personalized consultations and increased funding. Conclusions: Faculty educators value the importance of educational research and recognize that research opportunities offered by COMSEP address an unmet need, but express ambivalence in the enjoyment of writing (reflecting their mood), and endorse structural barriers, that are amenable to change, affecting their personal agency.
On the Grinding Performance of Alumina Wheels in Ultrasonic Vibration-Assisted Grinding of Hardened GCr15 Steel
Authors: Qiu Yutong , Zhao Biao , Cao Yang , Ding Wenfeng , Fu Yucan , Pu Changlan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Composite manufacturing with multiple energy fields is an important source of processing technology innovation. In this work, comparative experiments on the conventional grinding (CG) and ultrasonic vibration-assisted grinding (UVAG) of hardened GCr15 steel were conducted with WA wheel. The grinding wheel wear patterns and chips were characterized. In addition, grinding force, force ratio, and ground surface quality were investigated to evaluate wheel performance. Results illustrate that the interaction between abrasive grains and workpiece in UVAG process has the characteristics of high frequency and discontinuity. The wear property of abrasive grains is changed and the grinding force is decreased because the generation of micro-fracture in abrasive grains improves the grinding wheel self-sharpening. Better surface quality is obtained, the surface roughness is reduced by up to 18.96%, and the number of defects on the machined surface is reduced through the superior reciprocating ironing of UVAG. Accordingly, WA wheel performance is improved by UVAG.
In Planta Genetic Transformation to Produce CRISPRed High-Oleic Peanut
Authors: Wei Han Hong , Yu Shu Tao , Wang Zhi Wei , Yang Zhen , Song Guo Sheng , Wang Xiu Zhen , Sun Xiu Shan , Wang Chuan Tang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In contrast to its normal-oleic counterpart, high-oleic peanut has better keeping quality and multiple health benefits. Breeding high-oleic peanut through conventional means is a tedious process generally requiring several years. Genome editing may shorten the duration. In this study, node injection method was used to transform normal-oleic Huayu 23, a popular peanut cultivar having loss-of-function FAD2A, with CRISPR/Cas9 construct targeting FAD2B, and two peanut mutants with over 80% oleic acid and 442A insertion in FAD2B were obtained. As a genotype-independent, simple and easy method for peanut genetic transformation, node injection has great potential in factional analysis of genes and in peanut varietal improvement.
Ultrahigh-rate quasi-solid-state Zn-air batteries enabled by atomically dispersed Co site electrocatalyst and organhydrogel electrolyte
Authors: Wang Qichen , Feng Qingguo , Tang Shuaihao , Lei Yongpeng , Xu Liang , Xiong Yu , Fang Guozhao , Wang Yuchao , Yang Peiyao , Liu Jingjing , Liu Wei , Xiong Xiang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Quasi-solid-state Zn-air batteries (ZABs) have shown extraordinary promise for electrochemical energy storage, but are usually limited to relatively low-rate ability (< 10 mA cm−2), which caused by the sluggish O2 electrocatalysis and unstable electrochemical interface. Here we present an ultrahigh-rate and robust quasi-solid-state ZABs integrated with the atomic Co-N4 sites anchored on wrinkled nitrogen-doped graphene (Co SA-NDGs) cathode and the modulated H-bond network of polyacrylamide (PAM) organohydrogel electrolyte with. The quasi-solid-state ZABs exhibit the highest cycling rate of 100 mA cm−2 over 50 h at room temperature, which is nearly an order of magnitude higher than results reported previously. Meanwhile, the exceptional cycling stability more than 300 h (0.5 mA cm−2) with high-capacity retention at -60 oC and all-temperature adaptability (-60 to 60°C) are also demonstrated. The integral design towards high performance Zn-air batteries using atomic site catalyst and electrolyte with good interface stability broaden the scope of application.
A Consensus Definition of Supratotal Resection for Anatomically Distinct Primary Glioblastoma: An AANS/CNS Section on Tumors Survey of Neurosurgical Oncologists
Authors: Rakovec Maureen , Khalafallah Adham M. , Wei Oren , Day David , Sheehan Jason P. , Sherman Jonathan H. , Mukherjee Debraj 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Introduction:

Supratotal resection (SpTR) of glioblastoma may be associated with improved survival, but published results have varied in part from lack of consensus on the definition and appropriate use of SpTR. A previous small survey of neurosurgical oncologists with expertise performing SpTR found resection 1-2 cm beyond contrast enhancement was an acceptable definition and glioblastoma involving the right frontal and bilateral anterior temporal lobes were considered most amenable to SpTR. The general neurosurgical oncology community has not yet confirmed the practicality of this definition.
Methods

Seventy-six general neurosurgical oncology members of the AANS/CNS Tumor Section were surveyed using a crowdsourcing approach. Participants were presented with 11 definitions of SpTR and rated each definition’s appropriateness. Participants additionally reviewed magnetic resonance imaging for 10 anatomically distinct glioblastomas and assessed the tumor location's eloquence, perceived equipoise of enrolling patients in a randomized trial comparing gross total to SpTR, and their personal treatment plans.
Results

Fifty-two neurosurgeons (73.2%) agreed that resection 1-2 cm beyond contrast enhancement was an acceptable definition for SpTR. Cases were divided into three anatomically distinct groups by perceived equipoise between gross total and SpTR. The best clinical trial candidates were right anterior temporal (n=58, 76.3%) and right frontal (n=55, 73.3%) glioblastomas.
Conclusion

Support exists within the neurosurgical oncology community to adopt the proposed consensus definition of SpTR of glioblastoma and to treat right anterior temporal and right frontal glioblastomas using SpTR. A smaller proportion of general neurosurgical oncologists than SpTR experts consider SpTR feasible in the left anterior temporal lobe.
Curcumin Assists Anti-EV71 Activity of IFN-α by Inhibiting IFNAR1 Reduction in SH-SY5Y Cells
Authors: Wang Yanfang , Dan Kena , Xue Xiaoling , Chen Bangtao , Chen Cheng 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background and aim Enterovirus 71(EV71) can cause severe hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) with brain tissue involvement. Few effective anti-EV71 drugs are presently available in clinical practice. Interferon-α (IFN-α) was ineffective while Curcumin was effective in restricting EV71 replication in non-neuronal cells. Ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated degradation of interferon-alpha receptor 1 (IFNAR1) protein contributes to IFN-α resistance. Current study aimed to determine synergistic inhibition of EV71 by Curcumin and IFN-α in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Methods SH-SY5Y cells were infected with mock-/Curcumin-pre-incubated EV71 or transfected with plasmid containing interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE) or mRNA containing viral internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) following by post-treatment with Curcumin with or without IFN-α. Supernatant IFN-α/β was detected by ELISA. ISRE, IRSE, proteasome and deubiquitinating activity were measured by luciferase assay. EV71 RNA and viral protein or IFNAR1 were determined by qPCR and western blot, respectively. Results EV71 flailed to completely block IFN-α/β production but inhibited IFN-α signal. Curcumin only slightly inhibited EV71 proliferation without modulating virus attachment and internalization. However, Curcumin addition restored IFN-α-mediated ISRE activity thus significantly inhibiting EV71 replication. Furthermore, EV71 also reduced IFNAR1 protein with proteasome-dependence in SH-SY5Y cells, which can be reversed by Curcumin addition with the evidence that it lowered proteasome activity. Conclusion These data demonstrate that Curcumin assists anti-EV71 activity of IFN-α by inhibiting IFNAR1 reduction via ubiquitin-proteasome disruption in SH-SY5Y cells
Readiness of health facilities in providing basic antenatal care laboratory test services and client satisfaction in Ethiopia
Authors: Abawollo Hailemariam Segni , Beshir Ismael Ali , Tsegaye Zergu Tafesse , Desta Binyam Fekadu , Guteta Asfaw Adugna , Mengesha Birhan Tenaw , Mamo Tsega Teferi , Gebremedhin Zenawork Kassahun 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: To enable early identification of pregnancy-related health complications and other potential problems that affect the outcomes of pregnancy, pregnant women need to receive the basic laboratory test services during antenatal care. The provision of antenatal care laboratory test services is influenced by the availability and capacity of support systems.Methods: A health facility based cross-sectional study design was employed. Results: One hundred and ninety-nine facilities and 960 pregnant women were involved. Sixty-seven-point one percent of facilities had the minimum required infrastructure; the minimum required laboratory documents were present in 67.2% of facilities; the minimum laboratory equipment needed was present in 49.6% of facilities; and 76% of facilities had trained laboratory personnel who could provide basic antenatal care laboratory test services. The average stockout rate on the date of the visit was 29.6%; stockouts during the past thirty days was 32%; and the mean number of days that the available stocks last was for 93 days. The average availability of basic antenatal care laboratory test services in health facilities was 84% with infrastructure (p=0.018) and equipment (p=0.000) being the significant predictors of service availability. The satisfaction rate for overall laboratory test services provided in the health facilities was 83.2%. Conclusions: Readiness of health facilities to deliver basic antenatal care laboratory test services in terms of infrastructure, documents, equipment, reagents, and human resource was low but the client satisfaction rate was within an acceptable range. The gaps in infrastructure, documents, medical equipment, reagents, and human resource of facilities need to be addressed to ensure better laboratory test services.
A T-CNN Time Series Classification Method
Authors: Wang Junlu , Li Su , Ji Wanting , Jiang Tian , Song Baoyan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Time series classification is a basic task in the field of streaming data event analysis and data mining. The existing time series classification methods have the problems of low classification accuracy and low efficiency. To solve these problems, this paper proposes a T-CNN time series classification method based on a Gram matrix. Specifically, we perform wavelet threshold denoising on time series to filter normal curve noise, and propose a lossless transformation method based on the Gram matrix, which converts the time series to the time domain image and retains all the information of events. Then, we propose an improved CNN time series classification method, which introduces the Toeplitz convolution kernel matrix into convolution layer calculation. Finally, we introduce a Triplet network to calculate the similarity between similar events and different classes of events, and optimize the squared loss function of CNN. The proposed T-CNN model can accelerate the convergence rate of gradient descent and improve classification accuracy. Experimental results show that, compared with the existing methods, our T-CNN time series classification method has great advantages in efficiency and accuracy.
Soluble programmed death ligand-1(sPD-L1) is elevated in aggressive prostate cancer disease among African men
Authors: KATONGOLE PAUL , Sande Obondo J. , Reynolds Steven J , Joloba Moses , Kajumbula Henry , Kalungi Samuel , Ssebambulidde Kenneth , Nakimuli Cynthia , Atuheirwe Maxine , Orem Jackson , Niyonzima Nixon 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
The programmed death 1 (PD1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PDL1) targeted immunotherapies have become a new mode of treatment for several tumours; however, there is limited evidence on the expression and prognostic value of PD1/PDL1 in prostate cancer, especially in African men.
Methods
The plasma concentrations of PD-L1/PD1 were assessed using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay in patients with prostate cancer and normal healthy controls at the Uganda Cancer Institute. The association between plasma PD-L1/PD1 concentration levels and PSA levels, Gleason scores, age, and Body mass index were determined.
Results
We found significant differences in the median plasma concentrations of PD-L1 and PD-1 immune checkpoint molecules between Prostate cancer cases and normal healthy controls of (0.285 vs 0.035) p-value 0.001 and (0.596 vs 0.355) p-value 0.017, respectively. We found no significant association between age, plasma PSA levels, BMI and Gleason scores, and PD-1 among patients with prostate cancer and controls. However, elevated levels of PD-L1 were significantly associated with raised Gleason scores among patients with prostate cancer with a p-value of <0.001.
Conclusions
Elevated PD-L1 levels were statistically significantly linked to high Gleason scores. These results may guide clinicians in assessing the prognosis of patients individually and selecting suitable patients that will make favorable candidates for anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy.
Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian Simulation of Indexable Drilling
Authors: Svensson Daniel , Andersson Tobias , Lassila Andreas Andersson 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper presents finite element simulations of indexable drilling of AISI4140 workpieces. The Coupled-Eulerian-Lagrangian framework is employed and the focus is to predict the drilling torque around the hole axis, thrust force, temperature distributions and chip geometries. The cutting process is modelled separately for peripheral and central insert. Then, the total thrust force and torque are predicted by superposing the predicted result for each insert. Experiments and simulations are conducted at a constant rotational velocity of 2400 rpm and feed rates of 0.13, 0.16 and 0.18 mm/rev. While the predicted torques are in excellent agreement, the thrust forces showed discrepancies of 12 - 20% to the experimental measured data. Effects of the friction modelling on the predicted torque and thrust force are outlined and possible reasons for the thrust force discrepancies are discussed in the paper. Additionally, the simulations indicate that the tool and workpiece temperature distributions are virtually unaffected by the feed rate.
Paleoclimate-induced stress on polar forested ecosystems prior to the Permian–Triassic mass extinction
Authors: Gulbranson Erik , Mellum Morgan , Corti Valentina , Dahlseid Aidan , Atkinson Brian , Ryberg Patricia , Cornamusini Gianluca 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The end Permian extinction (EPE) has been considered to be contemporaneous on land and in the oceans. However, re-examined floristic records and new radiometric ages from Gondwana indicate a nuanced terrestrial ecosystem response to EPE global change. Paleosol geochemistry and climate simulations indicate paleoclimate change likely caused the demise of the widespread glossopterid ecosystems on Gondwana. Here, we evaluate the climate response of plants to the EPE via dendrochronology to produce annual-resolution records of tree ring growth for a succession of Late Permian and early Middle Triassic fossil forests from Antarctica. Paleosol geochemistry provides a broader context paleoclimate history. The plant responses to this paleoclimate change were accompanied by enhanced stress during the latest Permian. These results suggest that paleoclimate change during the Late Permian exerted significant stress on high-latitude forests, consistent with the hypothesis that climate change was likely the primary driver of the extinction of the glossopterid ecosystems.
Scarf and Akin Osteotomies for Correction of Hallux Abducto Valgus. A Ten-year Retrospective Patient Evaluation From Five Podiatric Surgery Centres Using PASCOM PSQ-10.
Authors: Clee Sharon , Flanagan George , Pavier Julian , Reilly Ian 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
BackgroundCorrective surgery for hallux abducto valgus is one of the most commonly performed elective procedures in foot and ankle practice, with over a hundred different surgical solutions having been proposed throughout the literature. The purpose of the study was to identify the clinical and patient reported outcomes following Scarf-Akin osteotomies from five podiatric surgery centres over a ten-year period.MethodThis is a retrospective review from five podiatric surgical units which looked at patients who underwent Scarf osteotomies (in isolation or in combination with Akin procedures) over a ten-year period. Data was collected from the patient satisfaction questionnaires of the PASCOM-10 audit tool, which were completed by the patient six months post operatively, and further analysed using Microsoft Excel spreadsheet software.ResultsA total of 1351 patients were recorded undergoing Scarf (with or without an Akin) osteotomy for hallux abducto valgus, with 1227 females (90.83%) and 124 males (9.17%) identified but with only 1189 who had completed the patient satisfaction questionnaire. 96.8% of patients felt that their foot was either ‘better’ or ‘much better’ following surgery and that their original expectations of surgery had been met. Over 75% of patients had no post-operative sequalae identified, with metatarsal fracture noted to be the highest sequalae at 4.8%.ConclusionFrom the five podiatric surgery units reviewed, Scarf osteotomies (with or without an Akin osteotomy) for hallux abducto valgus correction, have a high level of patient satisfaction with low post-operative sequalae.Level of clinical evidenceIV (retrospective review).
Respiratory MUC5B Disproportion is Involved In Severe Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Authors: Fan Lu , Lu Yi , Wang Yan , Zhang Xiaomin , Wu Yuxuan , Sun Hao , Zhang Jinsong 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Mucus production is a process involved in the pathogenesis of Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The study is to determine Mucin 5B (MUC5B) protein concentration and its proportion in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of CAP patients and evaluate its value to help assess disease severity.Methods: A total of 118 patients were enrolled in this cross-sectional study, including 45 with severe CAP (SCAP) and 73 with non-severe CAP (NSCAP). MUC5B concentration in BALF were determined by immunoblotting analysis. Total protein concentration of BALF was detected by Pierce BCA kit. Cytokines IL6, IL10, IFNγ, IL13, and IL17 in BALF were measured using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Spearman’s correlation analysis was applied to evaluate the relationships between MUC5B concentration or MUC5B/total protein ratio and the CURB-65 score, as well as cytokines. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the independent factors associated with severe CAP. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the assessment value of MUC5B/total protein ratio and other indexes for CAP severity.Results: MUC5B concentration in the BALF of NSCAP group was higher than that in SCAP group [NSCAP 13.56 µg/ml (IQR 5.92 – 25.79) vs. SCAP 8.20 µg/ml (IQR 4.97 – 14.03), p=0.011]. The total protein concentration in the BALF of NSCAP group was lower than that in SCAP group [NSCAP 0.38 mg/ml (IQR 0.15 - 1.10) vs. SCAP 0.68 mg/ml (IQR 0.46 - 1.69), p=0.002]. The MUC5B/total protein ratio was remarkably higher in NSCAP group than that in SCAP groups [NSCAP 3.66% (IQR 1.50% - 5.56%) vs. SCAP 1.38% (IQR 0.73% - 1.76%), p<0.001]. MUC5B/total protein ratio was negatively correlated with total protein concentration (rs= -0.576, p<0.001), IL6 (rs= -0.312, p= 0.001), IL10 (rs= -0.228, p=0.013) , IL17 (rs= -0.282, p=0.002) and CURB-65 score (rs= -0.239, p=0.009). Logistic regression identified that MUC5B/total protein ratio, IL6 level and CURB-65 score as independent variables related to CAP severity. ROC curve demonstrated best assessment value of MUC5B/total protein ratio for SCAP (AUC 0.803, p<0.001), with a sensitivity of 88.9% and a specificity of 64.4%.Conclusions: Respiratory MUC5B disproportion is related to CAP severity. MUC5B/total protein ratio may serve as an assessment marker and a potential therapeutic target for severe CAP.