bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An enhanced psychological mindset intervention to promote adolescent wellbeing within educational settings: A feasibility randomized controlled trial
Authors: Perkins Amorette M. , Bowers Gemma , Cassidy Joseph , Meiser‐Stedman Richard , Pass Laura 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis randomized controlled trial feasibility study aimed to investigate a single‐session mindset intervention, incorporating third‐wave constructs, within educational settings as a universal tool to promote emotional wellbeing.MethodEighty adolescents (age M = 16.63) were randomized to the 30‐min computer intervention or a usual curriculum waitlist. Outcome measures were administered at baseline, posttreatment, 4‐week, and 8‐week follow‐ups.ResultsStudent feedback about the intervention and trial procedure was mainly positive. Participants engaged with the intervention content and data were suggestive of possible small–large intervention effects for targeted mechanisms of personality mindset and psychological flexibility. Between‐group differences over time across wellbeing outcomes of self‐compassion, self‐esteem, low mood, and anxiety also yielded some promising results, though assessments of reliable change were less clear. No harm was reported.ConclusionsThe intervention and study design were deemed feasible, though areas for improvement were noted. A full‐scale trial to determine effectiveness is warranted.
Parental behavior across Nepali schools' parents and children demographic characteristics
Authors: Khadka Jiban 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study aims to explore parental behavior with its dimensions: Parental involvement, consistency in disciplinary behavior, monitoring and supervision, and punishing behavior, and also examine the difference across the parents and child demographic characteristics. The data were collected from 644 children of Grade 10 from 20 schools using the Alabama Parenting Questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha was in the range of .7 that would ensure the internal consistency of the questionnaire. From the analysis of data using mean, and SD, t‐test, and analysis of variance or Kruskal–Wallis test, the major findings were that the parents exhibit almost frequently positive parental involvement in their children's study, however, they show inconsistent disciplinary behavior and poor monitoring, and almost rarely use the corporal punishment. The study concludes that parental behavior across parents and children demographic characteristics is imperative for policymakers and practitioners to be realistic while preparing and implementing the educational plans and policies.
Oscillating calcium signals in smooth muscle cells underlie the persistent basal tone of internal anal sphincter
Authors: Lu Ping , Chen Jun , Zhang Chenghai , Saur Dieter , Baer Christina E. , Lifshitz Lawrence M. , Fogarty Kevin E. , ZhuGe Ronghua 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA persistent basal tone in the internal anal sphincter (IAS) is essential for keeping the anal canal closed and fecal continence; its inhibition via the rectoanal inhibitory reflex (RAIR) is required for successful defecation. However, cellular signals underlying the IAS basal tone remain enigmatic. Here we report the origin and molecular mechanisms of calcium signals that control the IAS basal tone, using a combination approach including a novel IAS slice preparation that retains cell arrangement and architecture as in vivo, 2‐photon imaging, and cell‐specific gene‐modified mice. We found that IAS smooth muscle cells generate two forms of contractions (i.e., phasic and sustained contraction) and Ca2+ signals (i.e., synchronized Ca2+ oscillations [SCaOs] and asynchronized Ca2+ oscillations [ACaOs]) that last for hours. RyRs, TMEM16A, L‐type Ca2+ channels, and gap junctions are required for SCaOs, which account for phasic contraction and 75% of sustained contraction. Nevertheless, only RyRs are required for ACaOs, which contribute 25% of sustained contraction. Nitric oxide, the primary neurotransmitter mediating the RAIR, blocks both types of Ca2+ signals, leading to IAS's full relaxation. Our results show that the oscillating nature of Ca2+ signals generates and maintains the basal tone without causing cytotoxicity to IAS. Our study provides insight into fecal continence and normal defecation.
Impact of prolonged sepsis on neural and muscular components of muscle contractions in a mouse model
Authors: Goossens Chloë , Weckx Ruben , Derde Sarah , Van Helleputte Lawrence , Schneidereit Dominik , Haug Michael , Reischl Barbara , Friedrich Oliver , Van Den Bosch Ludo , Van den Berghe Greet , Langouche Lies 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundProlonged critically ill patients frequently develop debilitating muscle weakness that can affect both peripheral nerves and skeletal muscle. In‐depth knowledge on the temporal contribution of neural and muscular components to muscle weakness is currently incomplete.MethodsWe used a fluid‐resuscitated, antibiotic‐treated, parenterally fed murine model of prolonged (5 days) sepsis‐induced muscle weakness (caecal ligation and puncture; n = 148). Electromyography (EMG) measurements were performed in two nerve–muscle complexes, combined with histological analysis of neuromuscular junction denervation, axonal degeneration, and demyelination. In situ muscle force measurements distinguished neural from muscular contribution to reduced muscle force generation. In myofibres, imaging and biomechanics were combined to evaluate myofibrillar contractile calcium sensitivity, sarcomere organization, and fibre structural properties. Myosin and actin protein content and titin gene expression were measured on the whole muscle.ResultsFive days of sepsis resulted in increased EMG latency (P = 0.006) and decreased EMG amplitude (P < 0.0001) in the dorsal caudal tail nerve–tail complex, whereas only EMG amplitude was affected in the sciatic nerve–gastrocnemius muscle complex (P < 0.0001). Myelin sheath abnormalities (P = 0.2), axonal degeneration (number of axons; P = 0.4), and neuromuscular junction denervation (P = 0.09) were largely absent in response to sepsis, but signs of axonal swelling [higher axon area (P < 0.0001) and g‐ratio (P = 0.03)] were observed. A reduction in maximal muscle force was present after indirect nerve stimulation (P = 0.007) and after direct muscle stimulation (P = 0.03). The degree of force reduction was similar with both stimulations (P = 0.2), identifying skeletal muscle, but not peripheral nerves, as the main contributor to muscle weakness. Myofibrillar calcium sensitivity of the contractile apparatus was unaffected by sepsis (P ≥ 0.6), whereas septic myofibres displayed disorganized sarcomeres (P < 0.0001) and altered myofibre axial elasticity (P < 0.0001). Septic myofibres suffered from increased rupturing in a passive stretching protocol (25% more than control myofibres; P = 0.04), which was associated with impaired myofibre active force generation (P = 0.04), linking altered myofibre integrity to function. Sepsis also caused a reduction in muscle titin gene expression (P = 0.04) and myosin and actin protein content (P = 0.05), but not the myosin‐to‐actin ratio (P = 0.7).ConclusionsProlonged sepsis‐induced muscle weakness may predominantly be related to a disruption in myofibrillar cytoarchitectural structure, rather than to neural abnormalities.
Incidental intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in patients undergoing liver transplantation: A multi‐center study in Japan
Authors: Hara Takanobu , Eguchi Susumu , Yoshizumi Tomoharu , Akamatsu Nobuhisa , Kaido Toshimi , Hamada Takashi , Takamura Hiroyuki , Shimamura Tsuyoshi , Umeda Yuzo , Shinoda Masahiro , Ogura Yasuhiro , Fukumoto Takumi , Kasahara Mureo , Hibi Taizo , Umeshita Koji , Furukawa Hiroyuki , Ohdan Hideki 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundIntrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma had been considered a contraindication for liver transplantation because of poorer outcomes. However, incidental intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in the explanted liver has been reported because of the difficulty of obtaining an accurate diagnosis in cirrhotic livers on preoperative imaging.MethodsWe conducted a nationwide survey to analyze the incidence of incidental intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and outcomes after liver transplantation, in Japan.ResultsForty‐five of 64 institutions (70%) responded to our initial investigation. Between January 2001 and December 2015, 6627 liver transplantations were performed in these 45 institutions, with 19 cases (0.3%) of incidental intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma reported from 12 transplant centers. Six cases were diagnosed as hepatocellular carcinoma preoperatively. The 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year recurrence‐free survival rates were 79%, 45%, and 45%, respectively. Tumor recurrence after liver transplantation was found in 10 patients (53%). The 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year overall survival rates were 79%, 63%, and 46%, respectively.ConclusionsIntrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma at liver transplantation is associated with a high risk of recurrence and poor prognosis, even these tumors are detected incidentally in the explanted liver.
Association between circulating rotavirus genotypes and histo‐blood group antigens in the children hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in Iran
Authors: Farahmand Mohammad , Jalilvand Somayeh , Arashkia Arash , Shahmahmoodi Shohreh , Afchangi Atefeh , Mollaei‐Kandelous Yaghoub , Shoja Zabihollah 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRotaviruses are the dominant cause of severe acute gastroenteritis in children under 5 years of age. Previous studies showed that some children are less susceptible to rotavirus gastroenteritis. It has been shown that this resistance depends on the rotavirus genotype and also human histo‐blood group antigens (HBGAs), which works as a receptor for rotavirus surface protein (VP4). The present study aimed to evaluate the human genetic susceptibility to rotavirus gastroenteritis in Iran and to obtain a comparative analysis between rotavirus gastroenteritis and secretor or Lewis status in case and control groups in the Iranian population. The study was performed on fecal specimens from 108 children with acute rotavirus gastroenteritis from 2015 to 2017. A total of 50 fecal specimens from children with acute gastroenteritis of unknown etiology were also used as a control group. After the genotyping of positive rotavirus cases and human HBGAs by Sanger sequencing, the phylogenetic tree analysis showed that all rotavirus strains from Iran belonged to P[II]. The most common genotype was P[8] (n = 102; 94.4%), while the remaining belonged to P[4] (n = 3; 2.8%) and P[6] (n = 3; 2.8%) genotypes. The P[8] genotype was found to be associated with secretor and Lewis positive status (p < .05).
A complementary critical appraisal on systematic reviews regarding the most efficient therapeutic strategies for the current COVID‐19 (SARS‐CoV‐2) pandemic
Authors: Kheirabadi Dorna , Haddad Fatemeh , Mousavi‐Roknabadi Razieh S. , Rezaeisadrabadi Mohammad , Dehghan Hamidreza , Fazlzadeh Aylar 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis critical appraisal aims to clarify which systematic reviews on COVID‐19 treatment are based on high‐value evidence. Hereby, the most profitable medicines can be suggested.MethodsThe mesh terms of "COVID‐19 drug treatment" (Supplementary Concept) and "COVID‐19 drug treatment" were sequentially utilized as search strategies in Medline and Science direct on October 18, 2020. Searches were confined to systematic reviews/meta‐analyses. The Cochrane database was searched on November 1, 2020 with "COVID." With adding up four articles from other resources, 84 systematic reviews were considered for initial screening. Finally, 22 articles fulfilled the criteria and were assessed using PRISMA guidelines.ResultsIncreasing number of clinical trials from the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic has revealed that hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine are not only profitable but also deleterious. Lopinavir/ritonavir failed to maintain their initial efficacy in improving clinical symptoms and mortality rate. Steroids and tocilizumab were suggested in patients with intensely severe symptoms. Steroids reduced mechanical ventilation and death in severely ill patients. Plasma or immunoglobulins effects are absolutely controversial. Favorable impressions of remdesivir have been relied on for the early onset of this drug. Hypotension and abnormal liver function tests were realized as its side effects. Favipiravir has resulted in a higher viral clearance than remdesivir. However, this claim needs to be proved with subsequent clinical trials.ConclusionsCurrently, remdesivir and favipiravir are advantageous drugs that should be administered in the early phases. Their side effects are not well known and need to be found in the following research projects. Steroids and tocilizumab have been considered beneficial in the cytokine storm phase.
Aural and Visual Detection of Greater Sage‐Grouse Leks: Implications for Population Trend Estimates
Authors: Riley Ian P. , Conway Courtney J. , Stevens Bryan S. , Roberts Shane B. 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTCounts of greater sage‐grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) at leks have been used in harvest management, Endangered Species Act listing decisions, and land management policies for over half a century. Lek count sampling methods focus on counting male sage‐grouse at known leks, primarily those observed visually from roads or vantage points, but leks are likely missed that are unknown prior to the survey and are difficult to detect while driving between known lek sites. One way to ameliorate this shortfall may be to conduct short point‐count surveys at multiple stops along lek‐survey routes or while driving between lek counts, thereby detecting newly established or unknown leks. To evaluate the feasibility of this approach, we estimated aural and visual detection probability of active sage‐grouse leks during 1‐minute point‐count surveys at known distances and examined the effects of environmental factors on aural lek detection in southern Idaho, USA, 2016–2017. Our results demonstrate that field observers can aurally detect sage‐grouse leks at approximately 3 times greater distances compared to detecting leks visually. The probability of hearing an active lek was highest near the peak of male and female attendance (8 Apr), within an hour of sunrise, on relatively calm and cold days, when the observer was at a higher elevation relative to the lek, and during conditions with no background noise. Detection probability declined with distance and the probability of aural detection was 0.59 at 1 km from a lek when other variables were held at their means. Hence, conducting ≥3 1‐minute surveys along a lek route would be expected to detect ≥93% of all leks within 1.5 km of each survey under the average environmental conditions in our study. Our results suggest that surveys could greatly improve detection of unknown or newly established leks and can facilitate a more accurate assessment of sage‐grouse population trends through lek counts. Moreover, our results demonstrate how environmental factors influence the detection of leks during surveys, and therefore which variables should be considered for inclusion in any future revisions of lek count protocols or in analyses of lek count data. © 2021 The Wildlife Society.
On universal modules with pure embeddings
Authors: Kucera Thomas G. , Mazari‐Armida Marcos 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe show that certain classes of modules have universal models with respect to pure embeddings: Let R be a ring, T a first‐order theory with an infinite model extending the theory of R‐modules and (where ⩽pp stands for “pure submodule”). Assume has the joint embedding and amalgamation properties. If or , then has a universal model of cardinality λ. As a special case, we get a recent result of Shelah [28, 1.2] concerning the existence of universal reduced torsion‐free abelian groups with respect to pure embeddings.We begin the study of limit models for classes of R‐modules with joint embedding and amalgamation. We show that limit models with chains of long cofinality are pure‐injective and we characterize limit models with chains of countable cofinality. This can be used to answer [18, Question 4.25].As this paper is aimed at model theorists and algebraists an effort was made to provide the background for both.
Notes about s‐numbers for a Sobolev type embedding of order 4 and for a higher order integral operator
Authors: Gurka Petr , Lang Jan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe main focus of this paper is on study of s‐numbers for a higher order Sobolev embedding on an interval and also for the corresponding Hardy‐type operator. Upper and lower estimates for approximation and Bernstein numbers are described and their relations with results for lower order Sobolev embeddings are discussed.
Nano‐sized precipitates in 11 % Cr ferritic‐martensitic steel after thermomechanical treatment
Authors: Cheng J. , Shen Y. , Zhou X. , Xu Z. , Fan Z. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract9 %–12 % Cr ferritic/martensitic steels with a good long‐term creep strength at temperatures up to 650 °C and higher are being developed in order to increase steam temperature of coal‐fired power plants.Thermomechanical treatment can effectively enhance the mechanical properties of high‐Cr ferritic/martensitic steels mainly due to plenty of nano‐sized precipitates produced by thermomechanical treatment. Nano‐sized precipitates in an 11 % Cr ferritic/martensitic steel produced by a thermomechanical treatment, including warm rolling at 650 °C plus tempering at 650 °C for 1 h, were investigated by transmission electron microscopy. The average size of precipitates in the steel after the thermomechanical treatment was determined to be about 30 nm in diameter, which is only one‐third of the average size of precipitates in the steel with the normalized and tempered condition. A large number of Cr‐rich precipitates having an average diameter of about 25 nm in the steel produced by the thermomechanical treatment were identified as Cr‐rich M2C carbide with a hexagonal crystal structure, rather than M23C6 or MX phase. The plenty of nano‐sized Cr‐rich M2C carbides were dominant phase in the steel after the thermomechanical treatment. The reason why prior precipitate phase formed in the steel during the thermomechanical treatment was Cr‐rich M2C carbide is also discussed.
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms Are Associated with Dementia in Parkinson's Disease but Not Predictive of it
Authors: Horne Kyla‐Louise , MacAskill Michael R. , Myall Daniel J. , Livingston Leslie , Grenfell Sophie , Pascoe Maddie J. , Young Bob , Shoorangiz Reza , Melzer Tracy R. , Pitcher Toni L. , Anderson Tim J. , Dalrymple‐Alford John C. 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundNeuropsychiatric symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) may increase dementia (PDD) risk. The predictive value of these symptoms, however, has not been compared to clinical and demographic predictors of future PDD.ObjectivesDetermine if neuropsychiatric symptoms are useful markers of PDD risk.Methods328 PD participants completed baseline neuropsychiatric and MDS‐Task Force‐Level II assessments. Of these, 202 non‐demented individuals were followed‐up over a four‐years period to detect conversion to PDD; 51 developed PDD. ROC analysis tested associations between baseline neuropsychiatric symptoms and future PDD. The probability of developing PDD was also modeled as a function of neuropsychiatric inventory (NPI)‐total score, PD Questionnaire (PDQ)‐hallucinations, PDQ‐anxiety, and contrasted to cognitive ability, age, and motor function. Leave‐one‐out information criterion was used to evaluate which models provided useful information when predicting future PDD.ResultsThe PDD group experienced greater levels of neuropsychiatric symptoms compared to the non‐PDD groups at baseline. Few differences were found between the PD‐MCI and PD‐N groups. Six neuropsychiatric measures were significantly, but weakly, associated with future PDD. The strongest was NPI‐total score: AUC = 0.66 [0.57–0.75]. There was, however, no evidence it contained useful out‐of‐sample predictive information of future PDD (delta ELPD = 1.8 (SD 2.5)); Similar results held for PDQ‐hallucinations and PDQ‐anxiety. In contrast, cognitive ability (delta ELPD = 36 (SD 8)) and age (delta ELPD = 11 (SD 5)) provided useful predictive information of future PDD.ConclusionsCognitive ability and age strongly out‐performed neuropsychiatric measures as markers of developing PDD within 4 years. Therefore, neuropsychiatric symptoms do not appear to be useful markers of PDD risk.
Preservation of laryngeal function through reconstruction of the supraglottis and thyrohyoid membrane with a chimeric anterolateral thigh flap after supraglottic laryngectomy: A case report and literature review
Authors: Werner Jonas , Scaglioni Mario F. , Ko Seo S. , Rajan Gunesh P. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSupraglottic laryngectomy offers a treatment option in laryngeal cancer confined to the supraglottis with the aim to preserve laryngeal functions. Current reconstruction modalities face the challenges of restoring swallow function and preventing chronic aspiration. In this report, we present for the first time a case in which the thyrohyoid membrane and supraglottis were reconstructed using a chimeric anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap. Horizontal supraglottic laryngectomy was performed in a 70‐year‐old male patient with recurrent supraglottic laryngeal cancer after primary radiotherapy. The chimeric ALT flap used for reconstruction measured 7 x 20 cm and was based on two perforators, allowing it to be divided in two parts. The larger deepithelialized fasciocutaneous paddle was used for the reconstruction of the supraglottic defect and the smaller skin paddle was utilized as monitor flap and for neck resurfacing. The chimeric ALT flap was anastomosed to the superior thyroid artery and to a branch of the internal jugular vein. The postoperative recovery was uneventful. Laryngeal functions, including an unimpaired voice, could be preserved. Six months postoperatively, the patient showed no signs of chronic aspiration or tumor recurrence. Using a chimeric ALT free flap for reconstruction after horizontal supraglottic laryngectomy may prevent chronic aspiration through restoration of larynx elevation, mobility, and thus airway protection during deglutition due to increased supraglottic bulk.
High gain, low radar cross‐section, and left hand circularly polarized antenna array based on metamaterial inspired elements
Authors: Rahman Saeed Ur , Cao Qunsheng , Khan Zakir , Deng Hai , Ullah Naveed 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this research work, a wideband metamaterial‐inspired circularly polarized antenna array is designed. The designed antenna array has a low radar cross‐section (RCS) but high gain. The basic element of the planar array is analyzed as a dual‐band electromagnetic absorber. Under normal incidence, the designed basic element has two absorbing peaks at 3.6 and 11.2 GHz. Further, four elements of the 4 × 4 elements array are connected to the feeding network through metallic vias. The feeding network is designed on the bottom layer. The circular polarization is archived by feeding the cross shape metallic resonator at two feed points, in a manner that there is a 90° time phase difference between the fields of two. It is shown that a good axial ratio is obtained over a wideband. This design method simultaneously validates high gain antenna performance and also meets the conditions of low‐RCS.