bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An investigation on the c‐MYC, AXIN1, and COL11A1 gene expression in colorectal cancer
Authors: Moradifard Shirin , Minuchehr Zarrin , Ganji Shahla Mohammad 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe high incidence rate of CRC demands early diagnosis of the disease and readiness of diagnostic biomarker. In present study, we have investigated c‐MYC, AXIN1, and COL11A1 expression levels in course of CRC progression and their correlation with demographics and clinical risk factors. Fifty‐five tumors and 41 normal tissues were obtained from Tumor Bank of Iran, total RNA was extracted, cDNA was synthesized, and RT‐qPCR was performed. Results were analyzed using Rest 2009 and SPSS software. Analysis at mRNA level showed upregulation of the two genes; c‐MYC with a p‐value of 0.001 and COL11A1 with an observed p‐value of 0.02, while a p‐value of 0.04 indicated AXIN1 downregulation. The observed overexpression of COL11A1 in stage 0 compared to other stages of CRC asserts importance of this gene in CRC prognosis. Moreover, statistical analysis confirms a significant correlation between expression of these genes and several clinical risk factors of CRC. Our study supports the importance of the studied genes and provides further information regarding the molecular mechanism of CRC. Further studies on these genes could elucidate their pivotal role for both early detection and/or diagnosis of CRC in addition to have important biomarkers for CRC management available.
Synthesis and Processing by Design of High‐Nickel Cathode Materials
Authors: Wang Feng , Bai Jianming 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe high demand of lightweight, high energy density batteries for energy storage promotes new materials discovery and development. Despite the large number of battery materials being discovered, very few of them have been commercially deployed, mostly bottlenecked by synthesis and processing – namely, making certain phases with the desired structure and properties to meet the multifaceted performance requirements. Alternative to the traditional trial and error, we present here an in situ study aided synthesis‐ and processing‐by‐design approach. With specific examples, we illustrate how to use the approach to identify reaction pathways in synthesis and processing of high‐Nickel (Ni) cathode materials for next‐generation lithium‐ion batteries, thereby ensuring precise control of their structure, morphology, and surface properties. To the end, perspectives are provided on the wide applicability of the approach to solving critical issues inherent to high‐Ni cathodes and the new directions and opportunities in the area.
Topological Transformation of Mg‐Containing Layered Double Hydroxide Nanosheets for Efficient Photodriven CH4 Coupling
Authors: Xu Yanqi , Sun Xiaoliang , Wang Xian , He Lunhua , Wharmby Michael T. , Hua Xiao , Zhao Yufei , Song Yu‐Fei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDirect conversion of methane (CH4) to fuels and other high value‐added chemicals is an attractive technology in the chemical industry; however, practical challenges to sustainable processes remain. Herein, we report the preparation of a heterostructured Co‐doped MgO‐based catalyst through topological transformation of a MgCo‐layered double hydroxide (LDH) calcination from 200 to 1100 °C. Remarkably, the catalyst can activate CH4 coupling to produce C2H6 with a selectivity of 41.60 % within 3 h under full‐spectrum irradiation through calcination of LDH at 800 °C. Characterization studies and catalytic results suggest that the highly dispersed active sites and large interfaces amongst the Co‐doped MgO‐based catalysts enable surface activation of CH4 to methyl (CH3*), in turn promoting coupling of CH3* to C2H6. This study introduces a promising pathway for photodriven CH4 coupling to give high value‐added chemicals by using layered double hydroxides as a precursor.
Potassium Ion Conductivity in the Cubic Labyrinth of a Piezoelectric, Antiferromagnetic Oxoferrate(III) Tellurate(VI)
Authors: Albrecht Ralf , Hoelzel Markus , Beccard Henrik , Rüsing Michael , Eng Lukas , Doert Thomas , Ruck Michael 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOrange‐colored crystals of the oxoferrate tellurate K12+6xFe6Te4−xO27 [x=0.222(4)] were synthesized in a potassium hydroxide hydroflux with a molar water–base ratio n(H2O)/n(KOH) of 1.5 starting from Fe(NO3)3 ⋅ 9H2O, TeO2 and H2O2 at about 200 °C. By using (NH4)2TeO4 instead of TeO2, a fine powder consisting of microcrystalline spheres of K12+6xFe6Te4−xO27 was obtained. K12+6xFe6Te4−xO27 crystallizes in the acentric cubic space group I
3d. [FeIIIO5] pyramids share their apical atoms in [Fe2O9] groups and two of their edges with [TeVIO6] octahedra to form an open framework that consists of two loosely connected, but not interpenetrating, chiral networks. The flexibility of the hinged oxometalate network manifests in a piezoelectric response similar to that of LiNbO3.The potassium cations are mobile in channels that run along the <111> directions and cross in cavities acting as nodes. The ion conductivity of cold‐pressed pellets of ball‐milled K12+6xFe6Te4−xO27 is 2.3×10−4 S ⋅ cm−1 at room temperature. Magnetization measurements and neutron diffraction indicate antiferromagnetic coupling in the [Fe2O9] groups.
Computational Evaluation of Me2TCCP as Lewis Acid
Authors: Roeleveld Julius J. , Ehlers Andreas Wolfgang , Mooibroek Tiddo Jonathan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSupramolecular adducts between dimethyl‐2,2,3,3‐tetracyanocyclopropane (Me2TCCP) with 21 small (polar) molecules and 10 anions were computed with DFT (B3LYP‐D3/def2‐TZVP). Their optimized geometries were used to obtain interaction energies, and perform energy decomposition and ‘atoms‐in‐molecules’ analyses. A set of 38 other adducts were also evaluated for comparison purposes. Selected examples were further scrutinized by inspection of the molecular electrostatic potential maps, Noncovalent Interaction index plots, the Laplacian, the orbital interactions, and by estimating the Gibbs free energy of complexation in hexane solution. These calculations divulge the thermodynamic feasibility of Me2TCCP adducts and show that complexation is typically driven by dispersion with less polarized partners, but by orbital interactions when more polarized or anionic guests are deployed. Most Me2TCCP adducts are more stable than simple hydrogen bonding with water, but less stable than traditional Lewis adducts involving Me3B, or a strong halogen bond such as with Br2. Several bonding analyses showed that the locus of interaction is found near the electron poor sp3‐hydridized (NC)2C−C(CN)2carbon atoms. An empty hybrid σ*/π* orbital on Me2TCCP was identified that can be held responsible for the stability of the most stable adducts due to donor‐acceptor interactions.
Tumor‐infiltrating FoxP3+ T cells are associated with poor prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Hayashi Tomio , Yoshikawa Kazuhiro , Suzuki Susumu , Gosho Masahiko , Ueda Ryuzo , Kazaoka Yoshiaki 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesSquamous cell carcinoma is the most common malignancy in the oral cavity. Moreover, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has been recently implicated in the onset of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are Forkhead box P3 (FoxP3) positive and are normally involved in the mechanism by which organisms escape attacks from their own immune system; however, in tumors, these cells are known to suppress antitumor immunity and block the attack against tumors. The present study evaluated the associations of the number of Tregs and HPV infection with prognoses in patients with OSCC.Material and methodsSamples from 106 patients diagnosed with OSCC were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining for the identification of FoxP3+ Tregs and HPV. The relationship between the observed number of Foxp3‐positive cells, the presence/absence of HPV infection and associations with clinicopathological indicators were analyzed.ResultsTissues were classified into high (High) and low (Low) Treg count groups, with 69 patients classified as High and 37 classified as Low. The prognoses were significantly better in the Low group compared with the High group (p = 0.04). FoxP3 expression may have had some effect on nodal metastases (p = 0.09). HPV antigens were detected in 65 patients, but there were no significant associations with prognosis (p = 0.34). HPV‐infected tumors were more common in the gums and tongues than in the lips, cheeks, and floor of the mouth (p = 0.05).ConclusionsThese results indicate that Tregs in tumor sites are associated with worsened prognoses of patients with OSCC and suggest potential therapies targeting Tregs in OSCC.
A new comparison framework to survey neural networks‐based vehicle detection and classification approaches
Authors: Hashemi Sajjad , Emami Hojjat , Babazadeh Sangar Amin 
Published: July 2021

SummaryThe vehicle detection and classification (VDC) problem has received much attention recently due to the increased security threats and the need to develop intelligent transportation systems. A large number of approaches have been proposed for the VDC problem using neural networks. To determine how neural networks‐based approaches have developed for the VDC in recent years, this paper surveys the VDC approaches through a literature review with the range Jan. 2012 through Apr. 2021. To do this, we introduce a new comparison framework to classify and compare the VDC approaches. Our proposed framework is composed of nine comparison dimensions: input data type, vehicle type, scale, scope, dynamicity, vehicle detection method, vehicle classification method, application, and evaluation method. Next, using the proposed framework, we discuss the evolution of the VDC approaches and identify several open issues that have emerged in the field. This paper provides a guide for researchers to use or design robust VDC systems with proper characteristics based on their needs.
Direct next‐generation sequencing analysis using endometrial liquid‐based cytology specimens for rapid cancer genomic profiling
Authors: Akahane Toshiaki , Kitazono Ikumi , Kobayashi Yusuke , Nishida‐Kirita Yukari , Yamaguchi Tomomi , Yanazume Shintaro , Tabata Kazuhiro , Kobayashi Hiroaki , Tanimoto Akihide 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundGenomic examination of cytology specimens is often performed on cell blocks or conventional smears rather than on liquid‐based cytology (LBC) specimens. Since LBC specimens preserve high‐quality DNA, cancer genome profiling using next‐generation sequencing (NGS) is also attainable from residual LBC specimens. One of the advantages of using LBC specimens for NGS is that it allows direct extraction of DNA from residual specimens, avoiding a sacrifice of smear slides and minimizing genomic profiling processing time.MethodsEndometrial LBC specimens were subjected to NGS analysis to validate the practicality of rapid cancer genomic profiling in a pathology laboratory. The extracted DNA was subjected to NGS using a customized cancer gene panel comprising 56 genes and 17 microsatellite regions. The workflow strategy was defined, and the processing time estimated for specimen sampling, cell counting, NGS run, and genome profiling.ResultsNGS analysis of most LBC specimens revealed somatic mutations, tumor mutation burden, and microsatellite instability, which were almost identical to those obtained from formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissues. The processing time for direct NGS analysis and cancer genomic profiling of the residual LBC specimens was approximately 5 days.ConclusionThe residual LBC specimens collected using endometrial cytology were verified to carry a high tumor fraction for NGS analysis and could serve as an alternate source for rapid molecular classification and diagnosis of endometrial cancers, as a routine process in a pathology laboratory.
Developmental exposure to the synthetic progestin, 17α‐hydroxyprogesterone caproate, disrupts the mesocortical serotonin pathway and alters impulsive decision‐making in rats
Authors: Fahrenkopf Allyssa , Li Grace , Wood Ruth I. , Wagner Christine K. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe synthetic progestin, 17α‐hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17‐OHPC), is administered to women at risk for preterm birth during a critical period of fetal development for mesocortical pathways. Yet, little information is available regarding the potential effects of 17‐OHPC on the developing fetal brain. In rat models, the mesocortical serotonin pathway is sensitive to progestins. Progesterone receptor (PR) is expressed in layer 3 pyramidal neurons of medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and in serotonergic neurons of the dorsal raphe. The present study tested the hypothesis that exposure to 17‐OHPC during development disrupts serotonergic innervation of the mPFC in adolescence and impairs behavior mediated by this pathway in adulthood. Administration of 17‐OHPC from postnatal days 1–14 decreased the density of SERT‐ir fibers within superficial and deep layers and decreased the density of synaptophysin‐ir boutons in all layers of prelimbic mPFC at postnatal day 28. In addition, rats exposed to 17‐OHPC during development were less likely to make impulsive choices in the Delay Discounting task, choosing the larger, delayed reward more often than controls at moderate delay times. Interestingly, 17‐OHPC exposed rats were more likely to fail to make any choice (i.e., increased omissions) compared to controls at longer delays, suggesting disruptions in decision‐making. These results suggest that further investigation is warranted in the clinical use of 17‐OHPC to better inform a risk/benefit analysis of progestin use in pregnancy.
Population structure, seasonal genotypic differentiation, and clonal diversity of weedy dandelions in three Boston area populations (Taraxacum sp.)
Authors: Mazumder Lisa , Kesseli Rick 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWeedy dandelions have a worldwide distribution and thrive in urban environments despite a lack of sexual reproduction throughout most of its range. North American dandelions, introduced from Eurasia, are believed to be primarily, if not exclusively, apomictic triploids. In some European populations, apomicts co‐occur with diploid sexual individuals and hybridizations can create genetically unique apomicts, which may subsequently disperse and establish new populations globally. Using six nuclear microsatellite markers and a cpDNA intergenic spacer, we investigate the impact of this unusual natural history on population structure and diversity in three urban Boston area dandelion populations. Our results show high levels of genetic diversity within populations, spatial population structure, and seasonal genotypic differentiation in flowering times. We find evidence that sexual reproduction and recombination, presumably in Europe, and extensive gene flow drive these patterns of diversity and create the appearance of panmixia despite the lack of evidence for local sexual reproduction.
Trait‐based adaptability of Phragmites australis to the effects of soil water and salinity in the Yellow River Delta
Authors: Zhou Dayou , Ni Yuehan , Yu Xiaona , Lin Kuixuan , Du Ning , Liu Lele , Guo Xiao , Guo Weihua 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPhragmites australis is the dominant species in the Yellow River Delta and plays an important role in wetland ecosystems. In order to evaluate the relationship between phenotypic variation and environmental factors, explore how functional traits respond to changes in electrical conductivity and soil water content, and reveal the ecological strategies of P. australis, we investigated the ecological responses of P. australis to soil properties based on 96 plots along the coastal–inland regions in the Yellow River Delta of China. Within the range of soil water content (SWC, 9.39%–36.92%) and electrical conductivity (EC, 0.14–13.29 ms/cm), the results showed that (a) the effects of salinity were more important than the soil water content for the characterization of the morphological traits and that plant functional traits including leaf traits and stem traits responded more strongly to soil salinity than soil water content; (b) compared with morphological traits such as average height and internode number, physiological traits such as SPAD value, as well as morphological traits closely related to physiological traits such as specific leaf area and leaf thickness, showed stronger stability in response to soil water and salinity; and (c) under the condition of high electrical conductivity, P. australis improved its water acquisition ability by increasing indicators such as leaf water content and leaf thickness. In addition, with the increase in plant tolerance to stress, more resources were used to resist external stress, and the survival strategy was inclined toward the stress tolerator (S) strategy. Under low EC conditions, P. australis increased specific leaf area and leaf area for its growth in order to obtain resources rapidly, while its survival strategy gradually moved toward the competitor (C) strategy.
Potential local adaptation in populations of invasive reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea) across an urbanization gradient
Authors: Weston Leah M. , Mattingly Kali Z. , Day Charles T. C. , Hovick Stephen M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUrban stressors represent strong selective gradients that can elicit evolutionary change, especially in non‐native species that may harbor substantial within‐population variability. To test whether urban stressors drive phenotypic differentiation and influence local adaptation, we compared stress responses of populations of a ubiquitous invader, reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea). Specifically, we quantified responses to salt, copper, and zinc additions by reed canary grass collected from four populations spanning an urbanization gradient (natural, rural, moderate urban, and intense urban). We measured ten phenotypic traits and trait plasticities, because reed canary grass is known to be highly plastic and because plasticity may enhance invasion success. We tested the following hypotheses: (a) Source populations vary systematically in their stress response, with the intense urban population least sensitive and the natural population most sensitive, and (b) plastic responses are adaptive under stressful conditions. We found clear trait variation among populations, with the greatest divergence in traits and trait plasticities between the natural and intense urban populations. The intense urban population showed stress tolerator characteristics for resource acquisition traits including leaf dry matter content and specific root length. Trait plasticity varied among populations for over half the traits measured, highlighting that plasticity differences were as common as trait differences. Plasticity in root mass ratio and specific root length were adaptive in some contexts, suggesting that natural selection by anthropogenic stressors may have contributed to root trait differences. Reed canary grass populations in highly urbanized wetlands may therefore be evolving enhanced tolerance to urban stressors, suggesting a mechanism by which invasive species may proliferate across urban wetland systems generally.
Chimeric antigen receptor‐modified human regulatory T cells that constitutively express IL‐10 maintain their phenotype and are potently suppressive
Authors: Mohseni Yasmin R. , Saleem Adeel , Tung Sim L. , Dudreuilh Caroline , Lang Cameron , Peng Qi , Volpe Alessia , Adigbli George , Cross Amy , Hester Joanna , Farzaneh Farzin , Scotta Cristiano , Lechler Robert I. , Issa Fadi , Fruhwirth Gilbert O. , Lombardi Giovanna 
Published: July 2021

AbstractClinical trials of Treg therapy in transplantation are currently entering phases IIa and IIb, with the majority of these employing polyclonal Treg populations that harbor a broad specificity. Enhancing Treg specificity is possible with the use of chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), which can be customized to respond to a specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA). In this study, we build on our previous work in the development of HLA‐A2 CAR‐Tregs by further equipping cells with the constitutive expression of interleukin 10 (IL‐10) and an imaging reporter as additional payloads. Cells were engineered to express combinations of these domains and assessed for phenotype and function. Cells expressing the full construct maintained a stable phenotype after transduction, were specifically activated by HLA‐A2, and suppressed alloresponses potently. The addition of IL‐10 provided an additional advantage to suppressive capacity. This study therefore provides an important proof‐of‐principle for this cell engineering approach for next‐generation Treg therapy in transplantation.
Terminal Imido Complexes of the Groups 9–11: Electronic Structure and Developments in the Last Decade
Authors: Grünwald Annette , Anjana S. S. , Munz Dominik 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe thank the Fonds der Chemischen Industrie (Liebig fellowship for D.M.), the German‐American Fulbright Commission (Fulbright‐Cottrell Award for D.M.) as well as the Bavarian Equal Opportunities Sponsorship – Realization of Equal Opportunities for Women in Research and Teaching (fellowship for A.G.) for financial support. We thank the RRZ Erlangen for computational resources.
Base‐Catalyzed Hydrosilylation of Nitriles to Amines and Esters to Alcohols
Authors: Clarke Joshua A. , van der Est Art , Nikonov Georgii I. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBase‐catalyzed hydrosilylation of nitriles to amines and esters to silylated alcohols is reported. This protocol tolerates electron‐rich and electron‐neutral olefins and works in the presence of basic functional groups (e. g. tertiary amines) but fails for acidic substrates, such as phenols and NH anilines. This catalytic system does not tolerate carbonyl groups, such as aldehydes, ketones, esters and carbamides, which are reduced to corresponding alcohols and amines. With the exact amount of silane, esters can be selectively reduced in the presence of nitriles, but the selectivity drops for the pairs ester/carboxamide and carboxamide/nitrile. Through competition experiments, the following preference in functional group reactivity was determined: ester > carboxamide > nitrile.
Estimating real‐world probabilities: A forward‐looking behavioral framework
Authors: Crisóstomo Ricardo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe show that disentangling sentiment‐induced biases from fundamental expectations significantly improves the accuracy and consistency of probabilistic forecasts. Using data from 1994 to 2017, we analyze 15 stochastic models and risk‐preference combinations and in all possible cases a simple behavioral transformation delivers substantial forecast gains. Our results are robust across different evaluation methods, risk‐preference hypotheses, and sentiment calibrations, demonstrating that behavioral effects can be effectively used to forecast asset prices. We also implement a trading strategy that shows how behavioral biases can be exploited to generate trading profits. Further analyses confirm that our real‐world densities outperform forecasts recalibrated to avoid past mistakes and improve predictive models where risk aversion is dynamically estimated from option prices.