bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Committee on Long-Range Planning for Pediatrics?
Authors: Schulman Jerome L. 
Published: December 2021

We are in an era of great sociological unrest and change. This has affected medicine considerably, but as yet in a miniscule fashion compared to what is in store in the relatively near future. Medicine has the opportunity of being the trail-blazer, the innovator or it can take the opposite tack and, when compelled, take a few reluctant steps at a time, trying to catch up with things fashioned by others.
The Academy of Pediatrics was founded as a progressive and forward looking group and dared to challenge tradition.
Letters to the Editor
Authors: Gutelius Margaret F. 
Published: December 2021

I read with pleasure Dr. Hans Neumann's refreshing article on pica (Pediatrics, 46: 441). We should be grateful to him for adding spice to the pica problem. Any discussion which stimulates a reappraisal of one's prejudices is well worth reading.
It is easy for me to accept that chewing on hard substances throughout life promotes dental health. I am all for it, but I don't expect this habit to be generally accepted except by those types who become early morning joggers.
Familial Uremic Medullary Cystic Disease or Nephronophthisis?
Authors: Srivastava R. N. 
Published: December 2021

Drs. Alexander and Campbell (Pediatrics, 45: 1024) rightly mention the similarity between Medullary Cystic disease and familial juvenile nephronophthisis. It is now clear that the separation of these disorders on the basis of familial occurrence, age of onset, and presence of medullary cysts is not possible.
I, however, disagree with these authors' recommendation to refer to these conditions as "Familial Uremic Medullary Cystic disease." The disorder is not always familial and the cystic changes are not confined to renal medulla.
QUILLET TELLS PROSPECTIVE MOTHERS HOW THEY MAY GIVE BIRTH TO A SON
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

Claude Quillet (1602-1680), a French abbot and physician-a protégé of Cardinal Mazarin-published a didactic poem in 1655 of about 2,000 Latin hexameters titled Callipaedia, or The Art of Getting Beautiful Children. Surprisingly enough, medical poems as a method of instruction–even those written in Latin hexameters–were once well received and actually read. Quillet's was so popular that none less than the English Poet Laureate, Nicholas Rowe (1674-1718), translated the Latin hexameters into English rhyming heroics in 1712. This translation in English verse passed through at least four other editions (1715, 1733, 1761, 1771).1
Quillet's erroneous advice to mothers anxious for a son was held to be irrefragable by many of the greatest physicians of ancient Greece and Rome. Even Avicenna (980-1037), the greatest of the early Arabian physicians, in his Canon, which many consider the most famous medical text ever written, writes emphatically that males are formed in the right chamber of the uterus and females in the left chamber.2
Here is Quillet's advice to prospective mothers:
. . . The morning for a male is best; The seed maturing in the Time of Rest, a firm and well-cemented Basis lays, From whence the lusty nervous Boy to raise.
Nor must thou only this thy Care believe, That the close womb the fruitful Seed receive:
But when the Stream of either Parent mix'd, Are in their proper Receptacle fix'd; Let the wife, mindful of the kind Design, Turn to the Right, and there at Ease recline: For in that Cell, the Seeds of Life begun, Will surest work the Fluid to a Son Who knows not that the Right the Left excels.
ALTERNATING HEMIPLEGIA IN CHILDHOOD: A REPORT OF EIGHT PATIENTS WITH COMPLICATED MIGRAINE BEGINNING IN INFANCY
Authors: Verret Simon , Steele John C. 
Published: December 2021

In this report eight patients are described who suffer an unusual symptom complex of intermittent, alternating hemiplegia. Symptoms have begun in early childhood and in one child at age 3 months. Typically, there is a brief vasomotor prodrome and then the abrupt onset of hemiplegia. Contralateral headache tends to develop soon after the onset of neurological symptoms. Recovery is usual within several hours but may be prolonged over several days. Recurrence during early childhood is frequent.
Serial electroencephalograms have shown fluctuating and inconstant slow wave abnormalities as occur with cerebral ischaemia, but radiological investigations have failed to indicate structural or dynamic changes in cerebral blood vessels. The treatment of the disorder is symptomatic and antiserotonin compounds have not been found to be effective.
As these children have matured, attacks have become less frequent and in some a more characteristic picture of migraine has emerged. In several patients residual neurological signs including dementia and dyskinesia are now present.
Because convulsions occasionally occur with the hemiplegia, differentiation from a primary seizure disorder is often difficult. The profile and evolution of symptoms, however, suggests that these patients suffer a primary vascular disorder within the category of migraine, but they are unusual in the early onset of symptoms and the fixed neurological deficits that may ensue.
LONG-TERM STEROID-IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE TREATMENT OF THE CHILDHOOD NEPHROTIC SYNDROME
Authors: Pachioli R. , Genova R. 
Published: December 2021

In the last 16 years at the Nephrotic Center of the Children's Clinic in Modena, 319 children have been subjected to treatment, 127 of which were subjected only to corticosteroid therapy, while 192 were subjected to corticosteroids associated with immunodepressive drugs, such as 6-mercaptopurine, azathioprine, cyclophosphamide.
The associated treatment has proved to be of great value chiefly in the cortico-resistant and cortico-dependent cases, allowing a complete and lasting normalization in children who had been treated for a long time with corticosteroids, without showing any conspicuous results, but relevant secondary symptoms.
Among the several immunosuppressive agents, cyclophosphamide turned out to be the most effective.
IRON-FORTIFIED FORMULAS
Authors: Filer L. J. , Barness Lewis A. , Goldbloom Richard B. , Holliday Malcolm A. , Miller Robert W. , O'Brien Donough , Pearson Howard A. , Scriver Charles R. , Weil William B. , Whitten Charles F. , Cravioto Joaquin , Kline O. L. 
Published: December 2021

In its recent statement on iron,1 the Committee on Nutrition emphasized the value of iron-fortified, proprietary milk formulas for the prevention of iron-deficiency anemia of infancy. Despite this recommendation, the most recent marketing information available to the Committee shows that more than 70% of the proprietary formulas currently prescribed by physicians do not contain added iron.
The reasons for continuing routine use of formulas not fortified with iron are not entirely clear. One reason may be that some physicians still believe iron additives increase the incidence of feeding problems or gastrointestinal disturbances. There is no documented evidence that this is a significant problem.
The Committee strongly recommends when proprietary formulas are prescribed that iron-supplemented formulas be used routinely as the standard–that is, that this be the rule rather than the exception. There seems to be little justification for continued general use of proprietary formulas not fortified with iron. The Committee is fully aware that only a small percentage of American infants are fed proprietary formulas after 6 months of age. Fluid whole milk (available in bottle or carton ) or evaporated milk, both of which contain only trace amounts of iron, are substituted at the time of greatest iron need and highest prevalence of iron-deficiency anemia. The infant's diet is usually deficient in iron, unless other foods are carefully selected to insure adequate iron intake.
Since the major dietary component during infancy is milk, two courses of action should be taken:
(1) Pediatricians and other health professionals should engage in a program of public education to convince American mothers to provide their infants with a source of dietary iron.
Recurrent Abdominal Pain
Authors: Hyde John S. 
Published: December 2021

The omissions and emphases in discussing "irritable bowel syndrome" in Drs. Stone and Barbero's article on recurrent abdominal pain1 were criticized in the December issue of Pediatrics.2
The difficulties encountered in lumping children with abdominal pain into simple categories are part of daily clinical pediatrics. The most urgent decision is whether or not the problem is medical or surgical. The latter is of more immediate consequence, but one would like not to put under the same label all the medical problems which are limited to the abdomen and have few systemic counterparts.
URINARY CATECHOLAMINE EXCRETION AND PLASMA NEFA CONCENTRATION IN SMALL-FOR-DATE INFANTS
Authors: Anagnostakis D. E. , Lardinois R. 
Published: December 2021

Urinary catecholamine excretion, blood glucose, and plasma nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) concentration were studied in five full-term, seven premature, and 22 small-for-date (SFD) babies (16 at term and six prematurely born) during the first 8 to 10 days of life.
Episodes of hypoglycemia (arbitrarily designed as &lt; 40 mg/100 ml for full term and &lt; 30 mg/100 ml for premature infants) were observed between the second and fifth day of age in 12 SFD babies. During their low blood sugar period, these infants exhibited a significantly higher catecholamine excretion (three- to fourfold for norepinephrine and five- and sixfold for epinephrine) when compared to full term, premature, and "nonhypoglycemic" SFD babies.
All SFD babies during the first 2 days of life showed a significantly higher plasma NEFA concentration than the other groups of neonates; among the former, the hypoglycemic ones had a tendency to maintain for a longer period a higher NEFA concentration than the nonhypoglycemic ones.
These findings show that SFD babies are capable of reacting to an hypoglycemic stress by mobilizing their fat stores and by releasing catecholamine; therefore, adrenal medullary unresponsiveness cannot be considered as a cause of their transient neonatal hypoglycemia.
OXYGEN THERAPY IN THE NEWBORN INFANT
Authors: Lucey Jerold F. , Cornblath Marvin , Graven Stanley N. , Korones Sheldon B. , James L. Stanley , Lubchenco Lula O. , Oliver Thomas K. , Schaffer Alexander J. , Segal Sydney , Shinefield Henry , Sutherland James M. , Tooley William H. , Washington Juan , Weintraub David , Hasselmeyer Eileen , Talner Norman L. , Carrington Elsie R. 
Published: December 2021

The following recommendations will appear in the revision of the manual, Standards and Recommendations for Hospital Care of Newborn Infants, scheduled for publication early in 1971. Because the Committee felt a sense of urgency to provide these recommendations to pediatricians, family physicians, and other health professionals caring for newborn infants, they are being published prior to appearance of the manual. The statement has had extensive review by a large number of experts not on the Committee, and their comments and suggestions have been followed in the preparation of the final draft. It was also reviewed and approved by the Committee on Drugs of the Academy at their meeting in San Francisco October 24, 1970.
When a newborn infant needs extra oxygen, it must be administered with great care because there is a causal relationship between a higher than normal oxygen tension in arterial blood (60 to 100 mm Hg) and retrolental fibroplasia (retinopathy of prematurity). When the normal O2 tension is exceeded, there is an increased risk of retrolental fibroplasia. The upper limit of arterial oxygen tension and its duration which are safe for these infants is not known. It is probable that even concentrations of 40% of inspired oxygen (formerly considered safe) could be dangerous for some infants.
An inspired oxygen concentration of 40% may be insufficient for infants with cardiorespiratory disease to raise the oxygen tension of arterial blood to a normal level. In such instances, an inspired oxygen concentration of 60%, 80%, or higher may be necessary.
Health and the Developing World, by John Bryant, M.D. New York/London: Cornell University Press, 1969, 345 pp., $10.00
Authors: Yankauer Alfred 
Published: December 2021

Here is a gracefully written, tastefully illustrative book which can be recommended to pediatricians as an introduction to the realities of clinical work in developing countries, and as a general guide to assessing their health problems and adapting their clinical services to needs. It does not deal in clinical detail, but presents a pragmatic approach to medical education and service and to the important interface between them.
The influence of American and Western European "physician models," systems of medical education, and hospital-centered delivery systems upon developing countries has been nothing short of disastrous, and children have been the greatest sufferers.
Human Growth and Development, by Robert W. McCammon, M.D. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C Thomas, 1970, 294 pp. $9.00
Authors: Falkner Frank 
Published: December 2021

The disappointment felt at the conclusion of reading this book–with its misleading title–was alleviated by a whetting of the appetite and Hope. The Denver longitudinal study of human growth from birth to maturity, spread over 40 years of effort, is legendary. Here, Dr. McCammon and his colleagues summarize the formation of the samples, methodology, and data collection and its storage.
Then, the majority of the book consists of tables of measures presented cross sectionally against age.
Disseminated Coccidioidomycosis Associated with Immunosuppressive Therapy Following Renal Transplantation
Authors: Murphey Stephen M. , Drash Allan L. , Donnelly William H. 
Published: December 2021

Renal homograft transplantation has become an accepted and relatively common therapeutic approach in chronic renal failure.1 This report is concerned with the development of disseminated coccidioidomycosis in a child receiving immunosuppressive therapy following renal homograft transplantation. It would appear that a subclinical, quiescent infection was activated by the administration of immunosuppressive agents.
Case Report
P.M., a Caucasian male, age 10 years at the time of his death, was first seen at the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh at 6 years of age with evidence of advanced renal disease. A diagnosis of "chronic nephritis" had been made at age 2 years. Although a native of Pennsylvania, the child had resided in Phoenix, Arizona from his second through fifth year of life.
Loss and Grief: Psychological Management in Medical Practice, edited by Bernard Schoenberg, M.D., Arthur C. Carr, Ph.D., David Peretz, M.D., and Austin H. Kutscher, D.D.S., New York: Columbia University Press, 1970, 398 pp., $12.50
Authors: Schowalter John E. 
Published: December 2021

This is one of two books published in 1970 which pediatricians will find useful in understanding the emotional impact and complexities which occur during and following their care of a dying child. The other is William Easson's The Dying Child (Charles C Thomas).
The editors of the book reviewed are founding members of the multidisciplinary Foundation of Thanatology, an organization established in 1968 to advance knowledge about the psychological aspects of death and bereavement.
The volume is divided into five sections.
QUINACRINE FLUOROMICROSCOPY IN THE IDENTIFICATION OF HUMAN MITOTIC CHROMOSOMES
Authors: Alfi Omar S. , Donnell George N. , Derencsenyi Anna 
Published: December 2021

Quinacrine fluoromicroscopy reveals a characteristic fluorescent pattern for each of the 23 pairs of the human mitotic chromosomes. The procedure is of particular value in the pairing of the C chromosomes, and in the differentiation of the morphologically similar chromosome pairs 4 and 5; 13, 14 and 15; and so forth.
A study of trisomic Down's cases helped to identify chromosome 21 as the "bright-G" chromosome.
Quinacrine hydrochloride (Atabrine) seems to give a less intense fluorescence, but a clearer pattern for visual observation, than quinacrine mustard.
Sense of Identity in Children: Adopted and Otherwise
Authors: Kintner Elgin P. 
Published: December 2021

As an adoptive father of two children and a natural father of two children all raised in the same family, I realize it is important to help adopted children to "develop a sense of worth, importance, and dignity—a true sense of identity."1 What is said in the statement about adopted children is equally important for natural children, for natural children may have more difficulty along this line than their adopted brother or sister.
Adoptive parents tend to look for hidden psychological problems which might explain minor differences in behavior from what they expected.
What Price Brevity?
Authors: Goldbloom Richard B. 
Published: December 2021

I read with great interest the excellent article by Lubchenco and Bard (Pediatrics, 47: 831, 1971) "The Incidence of Hypoglycemia in Newborn Infants Classified by Birth Weight and Gestational Age." By contrast, I read the abstract which preceded it with a mixture of frustration, spleen, and vitriol, in approximately equal amounts.
Anyone but a chronic neonatologist must surely be flummoxed by the profusion of uninterpreted alphabetical abbreviations that dot the textual landscape–in this instance, no less than four (SGA, ACA, LGA, IDM) in three short paragraphs.
DIAGNOSIS OF IMPAIRED FETAL GROWTH IN NEWBORN INFANTS
Authors: Miller Herbert C. , Hassanein Khatab 
Published: December 2021

Measurements of crown-heel length, head circumference, and birth weight were made on a large number of newborn infants. Birth weight by itself was frequently not a valid measure of fetal growth impairment. By including measurements of body length and head size along with birth weight, four distinct patterns of fetal growth impairment were identified. The four patterns included infants who had abnormally short body lengths for dates, infants who had evidence of disproportionate growth between body length and head circumference, infants who accumulated excessive amounts of soft-tissue mass, and infants who accumulated too little soft-tissue mass. Criteria for diagnosing each pattern were obtained prospectively and have been presented with allowances made for the effects of race, sex, fetal age, and parity on each pattern.
The separate identification of the four patterns provided a more precise description of fetal growth impairment than could be obtained from birth weight and calculated gestational age.
AN EFFECTIVE PROGRAM FOR REDUCING GROUP A STREPTOCOCCAL PREVALENCE
Authors: Zimmerman Robert A. , Biggs Betty A. , Bolin Richard A. , Wilson Elizabeth , Mathews James H. , Cropp C. Bruce , Auernheimer Arthur H. 
Published: December 2021

A relatively simple and inexpensive streptococcal control program was applied to two school populations located in an area of high endemicity in Colorado. Throat cultures were obtained from children admitting sore throat and from a small, continuously rotating random sample of the student body. This method of surveillance provided a reliable index of total streptococcal incidence in the two schools. Children with Group A positive cultures sought consultation with private physicians on a voluntary basis. The application of these sampling procedures resulted in a reduction of prevalence rates to less than 5%. Comparable endemic prevalence rates observed in school children in three other Colorado communities averaged 21.9%.
The program described is practical and effective in substantially lowering the incidence of Group A infections and reducing risk to development of nonsuppurative sequelae.
GUIDELINES FOR THE SELECTIVE USE OF THROAT CULTURES IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF STREPTOCOCCAL RESPIRATORY INFECTION
Authors: Honikman Larry H. , Massell Benedict F. 
Published: December 2021

A total of 6,093 respiratory and febrile illnesses experienced by children were analyzed with regard to symptoms. Our objective was to devise simple guidelines that would allow for the detection of most clinical group A streptococcal infections while eliminating the need for taking throat cultures in the majority of nonstreptococcal illnesses.
The results of the analysis led to the recommendation that throat cultures be taken in all illnesses with pure or predominant sore throat and fever of any degree and also in all other illnesses with an oral temperature of 101°F or higher even in the absence of sore throat.
Application of these guidelines would have involved taking throat cultures in 29.5% of the 6,093 illnesses observed and would have detected 88.1% of 469 clinical group A streptococcal infections estimated to be capable of causing an antistreptolysin O response and therefore potentially capable of causing rheumatic fever. The need for taking cultures in 70.5% of the 6,093 illnesses would have been obviated.
An additional 376 subclinical group A streptococcal infections capable of producing an antistreptolysin O response were observed in this study. Because of absence of symptoms these infections ordinarily would not have been detected.
Complement in ABO—Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn
Authors: Wang May Y. F. W. , Desforges Jane F. 
Published: December 2021

Complement titres were measured in three groups of newborn infants from group O mothers:
I. 31 group O infants.
II. 10 group A or B infants with probable ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn (ABO HDN).
III. 18 group A or B infants without ABO HDN.
Seven of the Group II infants had positive direct Coombs' test, and one of these required exchange transfusion; the three babies with negative direct Coombs' test had clinical course compatible with ABO HDN. There was no significant difference in the complement titres among these various groups.
Anti-serum to human C3 and C4 was used to detect complement components on the fetal red cells of 4 infants in Group I, 5 infants in Group II, and eight infants in Group III. The reaction was negative in all these cases.
These results suggest that complement does not participate in the in vivo destruction of red cells in cases of hemolytic disease of newborn infants due to ABO incompatibility.
The Book of Accidents: Designed for Young Children. Published in New Haven in 1830
Authors: Cone Thomas E. 
Published: December 2021

In the New England Primer the alphabet was taught by using diminutive illustrations of admonitory sentences. For the letter Z, Zaccheus is shown climbing a tree; the child memorized this rhyme:
Zaccheus he
Did climb the tree
Our Lord to see
In the lesson below the author cites far more likely reasons why boys climb trees.1
Polio Vaccination in Developing Countries
Authors: Brown Roy E. , Katz Michael 
Published: December 2021

We have recently come across the Letter to the Editor from Dr. Shanti Ghosh,1 commenting on the trivalent oral polio virus vaccine trials reported by Hardy, et al. in Pediatrics.2
Although 96 to 100% of infants demonstrated satisfactory levels of immunity in Hardy's group, using a microneutralization titer technique, Dr. Ghosh describes disappointing results in children in India and Nigeria as indicated by low seroconversion rates, as well as very low enterovirus excretion rate in pre- and postimmunization specimens (7.8%).