bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shared entanglement for three-party causal order guessing game
Authors: Kukulski Ryszard , Lewandowska Paulina , Życzkowski Karol 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In a variant of communication tasks, players cooperate in choosing their local strategies to compute a given task later, working separately. Utilizing quantum bits for communication and sharing entanglement between parties is a recognized method to enhance performance in these situations. In this work, we introduce the game for which three parties, Alice, Bob and Charlie, would like to discover the hidden order in which they make the moves. We show the advantage of quantum strategies that use shared entanglement and local operations over classical setups for discriminating operations’ composition order. The role of quantum resources improving the probability of successful discrimination is also investigated. Our research provides a basis for examining computational model featuring a specific gate set while examining the diverse operations achievable through permutations of its elements.
Design and analysis of novel field plate-trench composite anode terminal in high-voltage Ga2O3 Schottky Barrier diode
Authors: Wang Ying , Zhang Xiao-bei , Guan He , Gan Xue-tao 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
To improve the breakdown voltage of Ga2O3 vertical Schottky Barrier diode (SBD), this article innovatively proposes a novel field plate-trench composite structure. Different from the traditional field plate structures and trench structures, the proposed composite structure innovatively adds a shallow trench under the field plate structure, greatly reducing the depth of the trench and relieving the etching difficulty. At the same time, simulation results show that the field plate-shallow trench composite structure can increase the breakdown voltage of the device from 543 V to 952 V, which is nearly 1.76 times higher than that of traditional devices. The new field plate-trench composite structure greatly improves the breakdown voltage of Ga2O3 vertical SBD, while also increasing the forward characteristics and the reliability of the device, having superiority in size, and alleviating the difficulty of the process. Our research work also has guiding significance for the research of other wide bandgap power devices.
On Lie symmetries, soliton interaction nature and conservation laws of Broer-Kaup-Kupershmidt system in shallow water of uniform depth
Authors: Tanwar Dig Vijay 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The exact solutions of nonlinear partial differential equations are significant to analyze the soliton nature of physical phenomena. Therefore, the Lie symmetry method is introduced to obtain exact solutions of the Broer-Kaup-Kupershmidt system. It represents two-dimensional propagation of nonlinear and dispersive long gravity waves in shallow water with uniform depth. The present work is devoted to derive symmetry reductions, soliton solutions, and conserved vectors under one-parameter Lie group transformations. Meanwhile, the invariance property of Lie groups validates the reducibility of the system. Therefore, a continual process of reductions transmutes the test system into a system of ordinary differential equations. Thus, this integrability property leads to generalized exact solutions with parametric constraints. These solutions entail all three arbitrary functions, f
1(y), f
2(t), f
3(t) existing in infinitesimals and various free parameters. On account of existing functions and free parameters, the obtained solutions are more admirable than those of preceding works (Kassem and Rasheed 2019 Chinese J. Phys. 57 90–104, Kumar et al 2022 Math. Comput. Simulat. 196 319–35, Tanwar and Kumar 2024 J. Ocean Eng. Sci. 9 199–206) and helpful to describe significant physical nature under wide parametric ranges. The deductions of previous results on imposing the particular values to arbitrary functions and constants ensure the generalness and novelty of derived results. Moreover, adjoint equations and conserved quantities associated with Lagrangian formulation have been evolved via Lie symmetries. We numerically simulate these solutions to analyze their physical nature. Consequently, soliton fusion and fission, line solitons, doubly solitons, multisolitons, and bright and dark soliton nature are discussed, which validate the physical relevance of the solutions.
Simulation of terahertz spectrum of historical paintings for pigment identification
Authors: Pakarzadeh Hassan , Yahyazadeh Zahra 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Cultural heritage is an important socio-economic resource, something that is the evidence of the historical ages. Recognizing and analysing the materials used in historical works are very complicated and difficult in the sense that there should be no change or damage in the structure. In this paper, we present a theoretical study to simulate experimental terahertz (THz) transmission spectra of historical paintings for pigment identification. For this purpose, we determine the dielectric function of the historical pigments using Drude–Lorentz model where by fitting the simulated results to the experimental data, the THz transmission spectra of the pigments are predicted. The results show a very good agreement for historical pigments like Cobalt blue, Aureolin, Cinnabar and Verdigris.
Effects of stretching and bending on the performance of a PDMS-based polarization-sensitive terahertz metamaterial absorber
Authors: Shakiba Leila , Salehi Mohammad Reza 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A perfect stretchable and flexible metamaterial absorber has been proposed for the terahertz region. The structure exhibits single-band absorption in TE polarization and double-band absorption in TM polarization, with absorption values exceeding 99%. The absorption spectrum has been analyzed for various polarization angles. The absorption mechanism has been investigated using interference theory, demonstrating excellent agreement between simulation and calculation results. The proposed structure has been evaluated under bending radii of 6 μm, 10 μm, 16 μm, and 20 μm, and the frequency shift of 5.25 THz, 4.53 THz, 4.2 THz, and 4 THz has been obtained for the mentioned bending radii. Furthermore, the metamaterial absorber has been studied under different stretch values (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%) in both X and Y directions. The frequency shift at the highest stretching limit compared to the non-stretched state in the X and Y direction has been determined as 1.51 THz and 0.42 THz, respectively. Overall, the proposed structure offers versatility for single-band or double-band measurement operations in two different polarizations, making it a promising candidate for various applications in the terahertz region.
A multimodal neuroimaging study of cerebrovascular regulation: protocols and insights of combining electroencephalography, functional near-infrared spectroscopy, transcranial Doppler ultrasound, and physiological parameters
Authors: Burma Joel S , Johnson Nathan E , Oni Ibukunoluwa K , Lapointe Andrew P , Debert Chantel T , Schneider Kathryn J , Dunn Jeff F , Smirl Jonathan D 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective. The current paper describes the creation of a simultaneous trimodal neuroimaging protocol. The authors detail their methodological design for a subsequent large-scale study, demonstrate the ability to obtain the expected physiologically induced responses across cerebrovascular domains, and describe the pitfalls experienced when developing this approach. Approach. Electroencephalography (EEG), functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), and transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) were combined to provide an assessment of neuronal activity, microvascular oxygenation, and upstream artery velocity, respectively. Real-time blood pressure, capnography, and heart rate were quantified to control for the known confounding influence of cardiorespiratory variables. The EEG-fNIRS-TCD protocol was attached to a 21 year-old male who completed neurovascular coupling/functional hyperemia (finger tapping and ‘Where’s Waldo/Wally?’), dynamic cerebral autoregulation (squat-stand maneuvers), and cerebrovascular reactivity tasks (end-tidal clamping during hypocapnia/hypercapnia). Main results. In a pilot participant, the Waldo task produced robust hemodynamic responses within the occipital microvasculature and the posterior cerebral artery. A ∼90% decrease in alpha band power was seen in the occipital cortical region compared between the eyes closed and eyes opened protocol, compared to the frontal, central, and parietal regions (∼80% reduction). A modest increase in motor oxygenated hemoglobin was seen during the finger tapping task, with a harmonious alpha decrease of ∼15% across all cortical regions. No change in the middle or posterior cerebral arteries were noted during finger tapping. During cerebral autoregulatory challenges, sinusoidal oscillations were produced in hemodynamics at 0.05 and 0.10 Hz, while a decrease and increase in TCD and fNIRS metrics were elicited during hypocapnia and hypercapnia protocols, respectively. Significance. All neuroimaging modalities have their inherent limitations; however, these can be minimized by employing multimodal neuroimaging approaches. This EEG-fNIRS-TCD protocol enables a comprehensive assessment of cerebrovascular regulation across the association between electrical activity and cerebral hemodynamics during tasks with a mild degree of body and/or head movement.
Response of a tenomodulin-positive subpopulation of human adipose-derived stem cells to decellularized tendon slices
Authors: Li Xuan , Cui Jing , Ning Liang-Ju , Hu Ruo-Nan , Zhao Lei-Lei , Luo Jia-Jiao , Xie Xin-Yue , Zhang Yan-Jing , Luo Jing-Cong , Li Zheng-Yong , Qin Ting-Wu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The selection of appropriate cell sources is vital for the regeneration and repair of tendons using stem cell-based approaches. Human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) have emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for tendon injuries. However, the heterogeneity of hADSCs can lead to inconsistent or suboptimal therapeutic outcomes. In this study, we isolated and identified a tenomodulin (TNMD)-positive subpopulation from hADSCs (TNMD+ hADSCs) using flow cytometry and then assessed the cellular response of this subpopulation to decellularized tendon slices (DTSs), including cell proliferation, migration, and tenogenic differentiation, using the CCK-8 assay, transwell migration assay, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Our findings revealed that TNMD+ hADSCs maintained the general characteristics of stem cells and exhibited significantly higher expressions of tendon-related markers compared to hADSCs. Importantly, DTSs significantly enhanced the proliferation, migration, and tenogenic differentiation of TNMD+ hADSCs. This study provides preliminary experimental evidence for the translational application of ADSCs for tendon regeneration and repair.
Achieving 32.9% efficiency in Pb-Based quantum dot solar cells via SCAPS-1D simulation optimization
Authors: Hasnain Md , Wahed Abdul , Das Joyonta , Arkook Bassim , Harb Moussab , Mia Nasim 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study presents a comprehensive investigation and in-depth analysis of the optimization of Pb-based quantum dot solar cells (QDSCs), concentrating on the influences of doping concentration, absorber layer thickness, defect density, temperature, and resistive elements. We systematically examined three absorber materials: lead sulfide (PbS), tetrabutylammonium iodide-treated PbS (PbS-TBAI), and lead selenide (PbSe) quantum dots (QDs). Optimal doping concentrations of

1
×

10

17

cm−3 for PbS and

1
×

10

22

cm−3 for both PbS-TBAI and PbSe were identified. Our findings reveal that precise control of these parameters can significantly enhance power conversion efficiency (PCE), achieving values of 24.6%, 28%, and 26.2% for PbS, PbS-TBAI, and PbSe, respectively. Additionally, we investigated the impact of absorber layer thickness on device performance. We discovered that a 1 µm thickness for PbS yields a maximum PCE of 32.9% due to balanced photon absorption and reduced Shockley–Read–Hall recombination. Conversely, PbSe’s performance declined with increased thickness because of its layer-dependent bandgap. We found that lower defect densities (

1
×

10

14

cm−3) critically improve PCE and fill factor across all materials. The temperature-dependent studies demonstrated that PbS-TBAI exhibits remarkable resilience, maintaining efficiency under thermal stress due to effective surface passivation. Analyses of series and shunt resistances highlighted the importance of minimizing internal resistances to optimize device performance. The proposed device structure comprises a fluorine-doped tin oxide front contact layer, a silver sulfide (Ag2S) electron transport layer, the QD absorber layer (PbS, PbS-TBAI, or PbSe), and copper(I) oxide (Cu2O) hole transport layer. Utilizing cascade band alignment, we achieved a record PCE of 32.9%. This research highlights the significant potential of Pb-based QDSCs for achieving high efficiencies through promising material and structural optimization, positioning them as competitive candidates for next-generation solar technologies. The results provide a valuable understanding of designing high-performance QDSCs, paving the way for their integration into sustainable energy solutions.
Macroevolutionary and biomechanical implications of rostral flexion in bat skulls: a major early driver of cranial evolution in bats
Authors: Gilley Delaney T , Santana Sharlene E , Arbour Jessica H 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The evolution of unique morphological features can significantly constrain the subsequent phenotypic diversification of a clade. Bats show diverse skull shapes and are salient among mammals in their dramatic reorientation of major cranial features due to changes in the relative position of the rostrum with respect to the braincase (rostral flexion). Previous studies have suggested that rostral flexion evolved early in the history of bats in tandem with divergent echolocation modes. We directly quantified rostral flexion and integrated biomechanical modelling, morphometric, and comparative phylogenetic approaches to explore its functional and evolutionary consequences. We found that strong selection associated with echolocation mode explains the early evolution of rostral flexion in bats, with subsequent diversification at different rates within different echolocation emission types. We find extreme rostral flexion is associated with trade-offs in bite performance and overall evolutionary lability of cranial shape. The divergent evolution of rostral flexion across major bat lineages has thus been a major factor structuring the potential evolutionary pathways for the bat cranium. We further suggest that the early evolution of rostral flexion in bats biased the transitions to and from certain echolocation emission modes, and may have differentially affected the degree of dietary ecological diversification among bat clades.
Scalable randomized kernel methods for multiview data integration and prediction with application to Coronavirus disease
Authors: Safo Sandra E , Lu Han 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
There is still more to learn about the pathobiology of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) despite 4 years of the pandemic. A multiomics approach offers a comprehensive view of the disease and has the potential to yield deeper insight into the pathogenesis of the disease. Previous multiomics integrative analysis and prediction studies for COVID-19 severity and status have assumed simple relationships (ie linear relationships) between omics data and between omics and COVID-19 outcomes. However, these linear methods do not account for the inherent underlying nonlinear structure associated with these different types of data. The motivation behind this work is to model nonlinear relationships in multiomics and COVID-19 outcomes, and to determine key multidimensional molecules associated with the disease. Toward this goal, we develop scalable randomized kernel methods for jointly associating data from multiple sources or views and simultaneously predicting an outcome or classifying a unit into one of 2 or more classes. We also determine variables or groups of variables that best contribute to the relationships among the views. We use the idea that random Fourier bases can approximate shift-invariant kernel functions to construct nonlinear mappings of each view and we use these mappings and the outcome variable to learn view-independent low-dimensional representations. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods through extensive simulations. When the proposed methods were applied to gene expression, metabolomics, proteomics, and lipidomics data pertaining to COVID-19, we identified several molecular signatures for COVID-19 status and severity. Our results agree with previous findings and suggest potential avenues for future research. Our algorithms are implemented in Pytorch and interfaced in R and available at: https://github.com/lasandrall/RandMVLearn.
Phylogeny of Southeast Asian Mapania (Cyperaceae: Mapanioideae) using chloroplast sequence data
Authors: Shabdin Zinnirah , Márquez-Corro José Ignacio , Larridon Isabel , Simpson David A , Culham Alastair 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Mapania (Cyperaceae) is a pantropical genus associated with the forest understorey. Its evolutionary history and species delimitation are poorly known in Southeast Asia. To address this lack of knowledge, DNA sequence data from four chloroplast regions (trnL-F, atpH-F, psbA-trnH, and trnK-matK) were generated for a number of populations of 15 species of Mapania. Bayesian and maximum likelihood analyses of the concatenated regions showed a better-resolved phylogeny than previous analyses based on morphological data alone. Mapania bancana was resolved as the sister to the other species of Mapania included in the study. Moreover, this study highlights the need for further investigation of the species limits in this genus. For instance, Mapania cuspidata is retrieved as polyphyletic, and a tentative new species has been detected closely related to Mapania debilis. This study also infers the cradle of the Southeast Asian Mapanias in Borneo, which also holds the largest diversity of the genus in the region. Mapania is still a poorly understood genus that requires further local taxonomic work and more comprehensive fieldwork records to better assess and protect these species.
Multi-omics data integration identifies novel biomarkers and patient subgroups in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Preto António José , Chanana Shaurya , Ence Daniel , Healy Matthew D , Domingo-Fernández Daniel , West Kiana A 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), comprising Crohn’s Disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC), is a complex condition with diverse manifestations; recent advances in multi-omics technologies are helping researchers unravel its molecular characteristics to develop targeted treatments.

Objective
In this work, we explored one of the largest multi-omics cohorts in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, the Study of a Prospective Adult Research Cohort (SPARC IBD), with the goal of identifying predictive biomarkers for CD and UC and elucidating patient subtypes.

Design
We analyzed genomics, transcriptomics (gut biopsy samples), and proteomics (blood plasma) from hundreds of patients from SPARC IBD. We trained a machine learning model that classifies UC vs. CD samples. In parallel, we integrated multi-omics data to unveil patient subgroups in each of the two indications independently and analyzed the molecular phenotypes of these patient subpopulations.

Results
The high performance of the model showed that multi-omics signatures are able to discriminate between the two indications. The most predictive features of the model, both known and novel omics signatures for IBD, can potentially be used as diagnostic biomarkers. Patient subgroup analysis in each indication uncovered omics features associated with disease severity in UC patients, and with tissue inflammation in CD patients. This culminates with the observation of two CD subpopulations characterized by distinct inflammation profiles.

Conclusion
Our work unveiled potential biomarkers to discriminate between CD and UC and to stratify each population into well-defined subgroups, offering promising avenues for the application of precision medicine strategies.
Cold tolerance and prediction of northern distribution of Histia rhodope (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae) in China
Authors: Yang Haibo , Chen Zehua , Zhu Pinhong , Guo Shanshan , Wang Yue , Li Dingxu , Ji Siyu , Zhang Guo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Histia rhodope (Cramer) (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae) is one of the most destructive defoliating pests of the landscape tree Bischofia polycarpa (Levl.) S in China and other Southeast Asian regions, posing a critical threat to urban landscapes and their ecological benefits. This pest has shown a trend of northward range shift in recent years in China, making it urgent to understand its potential distribution. This study investigated the cold tolerance of overwintering H. rhodope larvae from October 2022 to March 2023 and estimated their overwintering potential in China. The results showed that the supercooling points (SCP) differed significantly across months. The SCP tended to decrease as the ambient temperature dropped until January, after which it gradually increased until the end of winter. The highest monthly mean SCP was −7.5 ± 2.22°C (October 2022), while the lowest monthly mean SCP was −15.09 ± 2.61°C (January 2023). The mortality rate increased with longer exposure times and lower exposure temperatures but decreased as winter progressed. Moreover, 50% and 90% lethal temperature (Ltemp50 and Ltemp90) exhibited a similar trend, decreasing to a minimum in January 2023, which indicates increased cold tolerance during the colder months. Using Ltemp90 in January as the isotherm for its northern limit indicated that H. rhodope may be limited by low temperatures along the 40°N latitude. These results provide a basis for predicting the dispersal potential and possible geographic range of this pest in China.
Airborne fine particulate matter exposure induces transcriptomic alterations resembling asthmatic signatures: insights from integrated omics analysis
Authors: González Daniel , Infante Alexis , López Liliana , Ceschin Danilo , Fernández-Sanchez María José , Cañas Alejandra , Zafra-Mejía Carlos , Rojas Adriana 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5), an atmospheric pollutant that settles deep in the respiratory tract, is highly harmful to human health. Despite its well-known impact on lung function and its ability to exacerbate asthma, the molecular basis of this effect is not fully understood. This integrated transcriptomic and epigenomic data analysis from publicly available datasets aimed to determine the impact of PM2.5 exposure and its association with asthma in human airway epithelial cells. Differential gene expression and binding analyses identified 349 common differentially expressed genes and genes associated with differentially enriched H3K27ac regions in both conditions. Co-expression network analysis revealed three preserved modules (Protein Folding, Cell Migration, and Hypoxia Response) significantly correlated with PM2.5 exposure and preserved in asthma networks. Pathways dysregulated in both conditions included epithelial function, hypoxia response, interleukin-17 and TNF signaling, and immune/inflammatory processes. Hub genes like TGFB2, EFNA5, and PFKFB3 were implicated in airway remodeling, cell migration, and hypoxia-induced glycolysis. These findings elucidate common altered expression patterns and processes between PM2.5 exposure and asthma, helping to understand their molecular connection. This provides guidance for future research to utilize them as potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets and generates evidence supporting the need for implementing effective air quality management strategies.