bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Covid-19 crisis in Italy. Fundamental rights and freedoms: the price to pay for human health?
Authors: Cejas Romanelli Pablo Sebastián 
Published: February 2021

The results of the appearance of the novel coronavirus meant for many States, the application of restrictive measures of constitutionally protected rights and freedoms, with the aim -preliminarily- of protecting the health and integrity of people. Thus, a real “emergency legal framework” was created, with restrictions on interpersonal contact, and other daily situations in the life of any society.
Italy stood out for being the first country where COVID-19 attacked with particular virulence. The first steps of the government at the end of January 2020 were aimed at preventing the entry of people from China, and soon after, put in place much more restrictive measures as the number of deceased patients increased. However, to some extent, all the imposed restrictions seemed to have been a price to be paid in order to protect human health.

Los resultados de la aparición del novel coronavirus significó para muchos Estados, la aplicación de medidas restrictivas de derechos y libertades constitucionalmente tutelados, con el objeto -preliminarmente- de proteger la salud e integridad de las personas. Así, se dio paso a la creación de un verdadero “sistema jurídico de emergencia”, con restricciones al contacto interpersonal, situaciones por demás cotidianas en la vida de cualquier sociedad.
Italia se destacó por ser el primer país donde el COVID-19 atacó con particular virulencia. Los primeros pasos del gobierno a finales de enero de 2020 tuvieron el objetivo de impedir el ingreso de personas provenientes de China, para poco después disponer medidas mucho más restrictivas a medida que el número de pacientes fallecidos aumentaba. Sin embargo, en algún punto, las restricciones impuestas se presentan como el precio que se debió pagar a cambio de la salud humana.
Resolución del Tribunal Constitucional Federal alemán sobre el art. 217 del Código penal alemán
Authors: Dell'Orsi Gonzalo 
Published: February 2021

Con fecha 26 de febrero de 2020, la cámara segunda del Tribunal Constitucional Federal Alemán declaró la inconstitucionalidad y nulidad del art. 217 del Código Penal Alemán. Este artículo, en su redacción luego de ser modificado en el año 2015, amenaza en su primer inciso con pena privativa de la libertad a quien promoviera de manera comercial la asistencia al suicidio. En dicha oportunidad, los Magistrados entendieron y decidieron de manera conjunta sobre seis recursos de inconstitucionalidad, y concluyeron en que la norma atacada vulnera los siguientes derechos constitucionales: el derecho al libre desarrollo de la personalidad (art. 2. inc. 1 en conexión con el art. 1 inc. 1); el derecho a la libertad (art. 2 inc. 2 segunda oración en conexión con el art. 104 inc. 1); y el derecho a la libertad de trabajo (art. 12 inc. 1).

On 26 February 2020, the second chamber of the German Federal Constitutional Court declared section 217 of the German Criminal Code unconstitutional and void. This section, as amended in 2015, threatens in its first paragraph with prisión sentence for anyone who commercially promotes assisted suicide. On that occasion, the judges considered and decided jointly on six constitutional appeals, and concluded that the rule attacked violated the following constitutional rights: the right to free personality development (article 2, paragraph 1, in connection with article 1, paragraph 1); the right to liberty (article 2, paragraph 2, second sentence in reference to article 104, paragraph 1); and the right to freedom of work (article 12, paragraph 1).
El despido por enfermedad: ¿un despido justo o discriminatorio?
Authors: Vazquez Ignacio 
Published: February 2021

Las ausencias laborales por enfermedad son consideradas, en algunos supuestos, una justa causa de despido laboral. El conflicto viene dado por el interés empresarial en combatir el absentismo laboral, por un lado, y los derechos fundamentales del trabajador, por el otro. Asimismo, recientes pronunciamientos judiciales a nivel europeo tienden a asimilar cada vez más a la enfermedad con la discapacidad, con la consiguiente nulidad de los despidos basados en este motivo por su carácter discriminatorio. La sentencia bajo análisis ofrece elementos interesantes para el debate en torno a los derechos laborales, el conflicto de derechos y la ponderación, así como la proporcionalidad de las medidas restrictivas de derechos. Absence from work due to illness is considered, in some cases, a just cause for dismissal. The interest in fighting absenteeism usually clashes with the fundamental rights of the workers. In addition, recent judicial pronouncements at a European level tend to assimilate illness with disability, which leads to the subsequent nullity of dismissals based on this cause for its discriminatory character. The judgment hereby analyzed offers interesting elements for the debate about labor rights, conflict of rights and weighing, as well as the proportionality of legal measures restrictive of fundamental rights.
La gestión de los residuos sólidos urbanos y la salud: aportes desde el Derecho ambiental
Authors: Foradori María Laura 
Published: February 2021

Este trabajo tiene por objetivo comentar la sentencia en los autos caratulados: “Complejo Ambiental de Tratamiento, Valoración y Disposición Final de Residuos Sólidos Urbanos de Córdoba y otros – Cuestión Ambiental” de la Cámara Contencioso Administrativa de 1° Nominación de la Provincia de Córdoba. El Tribunal, en dicho decisorio de diciembre de 2019, niega la instalación del “Complejo Ambiental” para la disposición final de los residuos de la ciudad de Córdoba y otros municipios y comunas, en el sito seleccionado por CORMECOR (Corporación Intercomunal para la Gestión Sustentable de los Residuos Sólidos Urbanos del Área Metropolitana de Córdoba).
Los principales fundamentos del Tribunal para así decidir fueron: que no se respeta la distancia entre el predio para el enterramiento y el borde urbano de Villa Parque Santa Ana, conforme recomiendan estudios técnicos confirmados por las pericias oficiales; que no se llevó a cabo de manera adecuada el proceso de Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental y su audiencia pública, como establece la ley de Política Ambiental Provincial N°10208.
Este fallo nos invita a reflexionar en torno a dos derechos humanos íntimamente relacionados: el derecho a la salud y el derecho a un ambiente sano. Con el foco en éste vínculo, y desde una perspectiva ambiental, se repasarán los puntos centrales del caso, exponiendo cuestiones conceptuales y normativas.

The objective of this work is to comment on the judgment in the proceedings entitled: "Environmental Complex for Treatment, Assessment and Final Disposal of Urban Solid Waste of Córdoba and others - Environmental Issue" of the Administrative Litigation Chamber of 1st Nomination of the Province of Córdoba. This Court, in said decision of December 2019, denies the installation of the "Environmental Complex" for the final disposal of waste from the city of Córdoba and other municipalities and communes, at the site selected by CORMECOR (Intercommunal Corporation for Sustainable Management Solid Urban Waste of the Córdoba Metropolitan Area).
The main grounds for the Court to decide this were: that the distance between the burial site and the urban edge of Villa Parque Santa Ana is not respected, as recommended by technical studies confirmed by official expertise; that the Environmental Impact Assessment process and its public hearing were not adequately carried out, as established by the Provincial Environmental Policy Law N° 10208.
This ruling invites us to reflect on two closely related human rights: the right to health and the right to a healthy environment. With the focus on this link, and from an environmental perspective, the central points of the case will be reviewed, exposing conceptual and normative issues.
Correction to the Photometric Magnitudes of the Gaia Early Data Release 3
Authors: Yang Lin , Yuan Haibo , Zhang Ruoyi , Niu Zexi , Huang Yang , Duan Fuqing , Fang Yi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this Letter, we have carried out an independent validation of the Gaia Early Data Release 3 (EDR3) photometry using approximately 10,000 Landolt standard stars from Clem & Landolt (2013). Using a machine-learning technique, the UBVRI magnitudes are converted into the Gaia magnitudes and colors and then compared to those in the EDR3, with the effect of metallicity incorporated. Our result confirms the significant improvements in the calibration process of the Gaia EDR3. However, modest trends up to 10 mmag with the G magnitude are found for all magnitudes and colors in the 10 < G < 19 mag range, particularly for the bright and faint ends. With the aid of synthetic magnitudes computed on the CALSPEC spectra with the Gaia EDR3 passbands, absolute corrections are further obtained, paving the way for optimal usage of the Gaia EDR3 photometry in high-accuracy investigations.
Eclipsing the X-Ray Emitting Region in the Active Galaxy NGC 6814
Authors: Gallo Luigi C. , Gonzalez Adam G. , Miller Jon M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We report the detection of a rapid occultation event in the nearby Seyfert galaxy NGC 6814, simultaneously captured in a transient light curve and spectral variability. The intensity and hardness ratio curves capture distinct ingress and egress periods that are symmetric in duration. Independent of the selected continuum model, the changes can be simply described by varying the fraction of the central engine that is covered by transiting obscuring gas. Together, the spectral and timing analyses self-consistently reveal the properties of the obscuring gas, its location to be in the broad-line region, and the size of the X-ray source to be ∼ 25 r
g. Our results demonstrate that obscuration close to massive black holes can shape their appearance, and can be harnessed to measure the active region that surrounds the event horizon.
GW170817 and GW190814: Tension on the Maximum Mass
Authors: Nathanail Antonios , Most Elias R. , Rezzolla Luciano 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The detection of the binary events GW170817 and GW190814 has provided invaluable constraints on the maximum mass of nonrotating configurations of neutron stars, M
TOV. However, the large differences in the neutron-star masses measured in GW170817 and GW190814 has also lead to significant tension between the predictions for such maximum masses, with GW170817 suggesting that M
TOV ≲ 2.3 M
⊙, and GW190814 requiring M
TOV ≳ 2.5 M
⊙ if the secondary was a (non- or slowly rotating) neutron star at merger. Using a genetic algorithm, we sample the multidimensional space of parameters spanned by gravitational-wave and astronomical observations associated with GW170817. Consistent with previous estimates, we find that all of the physical quantities are in agreement with the observations if the maximum mass is in the range of

within a 2σ confidence level. By contrast, maximum masses with M
TOV ≳ 2.5 M
⊙, not only require efficiencies in the gravitational-wave emission that are well above the numerical-relativity estimates, but they also lead to a significant underproduction of the ejected mass. Hence, the tension can be released by assuming that the secondary in GW190814 was a black hole at merger, although it could have been a rotating neutron star before.
The Nature of the Absorbed Soft X-Ray Variations in Compton-thin Type-II Active Galactic Nuclei
Authors: Ghosh Ritesh 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The absorbed soft X-ray (<1 keV) emission from Compton thin type-II active galactic nuclei (AGNs) with neutral absorption columns in the range N
H = 1021−23 cm−2 may contain emission from star formation or scattered photons from the primary X-ray emission in Compton-thin circumnuclear gas extending out to ∼1  kpc, or leaky-absorbers along the line of sight allowing a part of the primary AGN emission to manifest in the soft X-rays. In a recent sample study of 20 Compton thin type-II AGN, Laha et al. detected variability in the soft X-ray spectra in 5 sources with timescales <20 years, indicating possibly that the primary AGN emission has leaked through the absorption column. I found that the sources with soft X-ray variability exhibit the lowest absorption column densities (N
H ∼ 0.7–1.3 × 1022 cm−2) in the sample.
Hematological Abnormalities in COVID-19: A Narrative Review
Authors: Rahman Asma , Niloofa Roshan , Jayarajah Umesh , De Mel Sanjay , Abeysuriya Visula , Seneviratne Suranjith L. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTCOVID-19 is caused by SARS-CoV-2. Although pulmonary manifestations have been identified as the major symptoms, several hematological abnormalities have also been identified. This review summarizes the reported hematological abnormalities (changes in platelet, white blood cell, and hemoglobin, and coagulation/fibrinolytic alterations), explores their patho-mechanisms, and discusses its management. Common hematological abnormalities in COVID-19 are lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, and elevated D-dimer levels. These alterations are significantly more common/prominent in patients with severe COVID-19 disease, and thus may serve as a possible biomarker for those needing hospitalization and intensive care unit care. Close attention needs to be paid to coagulation abnormalities, and steps should be taken to prevent these occurring or to mitigate their harmful effects. The effect of COVID-19 in patients with hematological abnormalities and recognized hematological drug toxicities of therapies for COVID-19 are also outlined.
Linking Cronyism, Psychological Contract Breach, and Moral Disengagement: A Study of Public Sector University Teachers
Authors:   University of Gujrat, Pervez Saqlain 
Published: February 2021

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of cronyism on moral disengagement through the mediating role of psychological contract breach in among teachers in public sector universities of Pakistan. Data was collected using a 28 items questionnaire through a cross-sectional design study. Observations collected from 229 respondents were used to test the model. Findings of current study reveal that cronyism has a positive impact on moral disengagement and psychological contract breach. Relationship between psychological contract breach and moral disengagement is also accepted. Psychological contract breach is found to be fully mediating the relationship between cronyism and moral disengagement. This study has filled the gap identified regarding the condition under which moral disengagement occurs, and gap identified through literature review of psychological contract breach. This study provides guidelines for managers to take caution measures to eradicate the occurrence of cronyism in organizations.
An Evaluation of Relationship between Risk, Return and Social Structure and their Impact on Individual Investor’s Behaviour at Pakistan Stock Exchange
Authors:   University of Karachi, Farooq Sumair 
Published: February 2021

This research paper focusing on twofold purposes: where the first part focuses on providing positive evidence on the nature of relationship between risk and return. Moreover, the second part of the paper deals with analyzing the role of risk and return and social structures on the investor’s behaviour in specific consideration with Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) (formerly Karachi Stock Exchange; KSE). This research paper has employed a quantitative approach for the purpose of collection of data and analysis of the results in order to fulfil the aim and objectives of the study. The data for risk and return has been collected from secondary sources. The risk and return for 50 companies that are listed on Pakistan Stock Exchange and at least once paid dividend have been calculated for 11 years which is from 2007 to 2017. Moreover, in order to collect the data for social structure and investor behaviour the researcher has used survey questionnaire as the research instrument. The questionnaire was filled by 558 individual investors who have invested their capital in the stock of companies listed on Pakistan Stock Exchange. The sampling method that was used for the purpose of selecting respondents for getting the questionnaires filled was non-probability method. For all the independent variables the null hypotheses are rejected thus showing significance of relationship. The results from the regression analysis has shown that among all the predicting variables social structure explains the lowest amount of variation in investor’s behaviour. Thus, overall it can be said that the results of this study are in alignment with the previous researches.
KECEMASAN DALAM PROSES BELAJAR
Authors: Mukholil Mukholil 
Published: February 2021

Anxiety is the manifestation of mixed emotion which is expeienced by someone as a reaction toward threat, pressure, and worry which affect both physical and psychological. There are various kinds of anxiety, such as the anxiety of having done mistakes or sins; anxiety of having seen and felt danger and the anxiety in the unclear form. The symptoms of anxiety can be in the physical or psychological form. Anxiety can disturb students’ learning process. However, low level anxiety can motivate students to get better achievement.
Evaluasi Penerapan Teknologi Informasi Menggunakan Framework Itil Versi 3
Authors: Yusuf Yulina , Gunarto Arif 
Published: February 2021

Higher education institutions is right now required to have a Website as an information services for the entire of academic community and also to the public STIE Muhammadiyah Kalianda feels that the use of Website is unsatisfactory so that the implementation still needs improvement. Appropriate and easy methods user in carrying out the measurement of Website perormance absolutely are needed, the process of evaluating the performance of information technology implementation that used is the Framework Information Technology Infrastructure Library which is expected to provide a comprehensive solutions related to organizational and management conditions. From the results of the research, it can be concluded, that the management and services that carried out by STIE Kalianda have been in the level of the defined process
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Pelvis: A One-stop Shop Modality for the Staging of Carcinoma of Cervix
Authors: Karambelkar Ajit D , Bora Rishabh D 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTAim and objectiveMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of pelvis as a one-stop shop modality for locoregional staging of carcinoma of the cervix. Compare the MRI staging with the clinical staging of the carcinoma of the cervix.Materials and methodsWe conducted pelvic MRI examinations on histological proved 83 cases of cervical carcinoma on MRI 1.5 T scanner.ResultsMagnetic resonance imaging demonstrated cervical mass in 79 out of 83 (95%) patients. No mass lesion was demonstrated in 4 out of 83 patients, who were clinically diagnosed as stage I. X2test demonstrated X2value of 43.6 andpvalue < 0.01 indicating a significant difference between staging by staging by MRI and that by clinical staging. Z score test also showed a significant difference in staging by MRI and that by clinical staging for stages IB, IIB, IIIB, and IVA with apvalue < 0.05. The Z score (RD) was maximum for stage IIIB and minimum 0.034 for stage IIIA, suggesting that the greatest difference was observed in stage IIIB. We could not find any significant difference for Stage IIIA, IA and stage IIA.ConclusionMagnetic resonance imaging is superior to clinical staging of the carcinoma of the uterine cervix in Stage IB, IIB and IVA. Magnetic resonance imaging has an excellent ability to demonstrate the locoregional extent of the tumor. Hence, it should be used as a one-stop shop modality for the staging of cervical carcinoma.How to cite this articleKarambelkar AD, Bora RD. Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Pelvis: A One-stop Shop Modality for the Staging of Carcinoma of Cervix. J South Asian Feder Menopause Soc 2020;8(1):7–23.
De waarde van Audit Quality Indicators bij de rol van de auditcommissie in relatie tot de accountant
Authors: de Bos Auke , de Jong Martijn 
Published: February 2021

Audit Quality Indicators (AQI’s) kunnen een ondersteunende rol bieden bij het beoordelen van en sturen op de kwaliteit van de wettelijke controle (hierna: controlekwaliteit). Dit artikel geeft invulling aan AQI’s voor gebruik door auditcommissies. Hiervoor is gebruik gemaakt van een bestaande Canadese set aan AQI’s die zijn toegepast op de Nederlandse verantwoordelijkheden van auditcommissies. Waar nodig zijn de AQI’s uitgebreid en aangepast. Er is nog weinig onderzoek gedaan naar de toegevoegde waarde van AQI’s voor de auditcommissie.
Voorlopig kan geconcludeerd worden dat AQI’s voor auditcommissies meer ondersteunend zijn dan cruciaal. De AQI’s vergroten de informatievoorziening naar de auditcommissie voor het uitvoeren van hun taken en het nemen van beslissingen ten aanzien van de accountant, maar lijken (nog) geen alomvattend wondermiddel. Het advies is om auditcommissies in het verslag van de raad van commissarissen melding te laten maken van de mate van gebruik van AQI’s. Door deze informatie met alle belanghebbenden te delen wordt de kennis en waarde van AQI’s breder bekend en gedeeld.
De conclusies op basis van de AQI’s kunnen samen met de andere elementen een rol spelen bij het evalueren van het functioneren van de accountant en het sturen op de controlekwaliteit. Ten slotte is duidelijk dat (nog) niet voor iedere rol/taak van de auditcommissie geschikte AQI’s beschikbaar zijn.
El carnaval de posguerra. Cultura y Acuerdos de Paz
Authors: Alvarenga Luis 
Published: February 2021

En este artículo, se hace una reflexión sobre el impacto que tuvieron los Acuerdos de Paz de 1992 en la cultura salvadoreña. Para el autor, el período comprendido entre 1992 y 1995 mostró las potencialidades creativas y transformadoras de la cultura salvadoreña. Ese período cumple con las características que el crítico literario soviético le da al carnaval: la destrucción del escenario tradicional, en este caso, del escenario político tradicional, y el protagonismo de toda la colectividad “de acuerdo a las leyes de la libertad”. Sin embargo, esta experiencia fue inconclusa. El rumbo posterior del proceso político del país le restó posibilidades.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 66, No. 727, 2011: 499-512.
Penerapan Algoritma Convolutional Neural Network Untuk Klasifikasi Motif Citra Batik Solo
Authors: Bowo Tungki Ari , Syaputra Hadi , Akbar Muhamad 
Published: February 2021

Batik adalah warisan kebudayaan Indonesia yang telah menjadi ciri khas masyarakat Indonesia. Batik memiliki banyak motif dan corak dengan ciri yang berbeda disetiap corak atau motifnya. Sebagai upaya melestarikan batik, penelitian mengenai klasifikasi batik digunakan untuk mengenali motif citra batik. Untuk itu penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan metode pembelajaran dengan data citra batik diharapkan dapat memberikan hasil klasifikasi yang akurat dan efisien dengan tingkat akurasi tinggi. Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) merupakan gabungan dari jaringan syaraf tiruan dan metode deep learning. CNN terdiri 3 layer utama yaitu Convolutional Layer, Pooling Layer, Fully Connected Layer. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan arssitektur 3 Convolutional Neural Network dan 2 Fully Connected Layer pada pembuatan system terdapat beberapa tahapan utama yaitu pengumpulan data, perancangan system, training, dan testing. Penelitian ini menggunakan data citra batik solo sebanyak 2.256 gambar yang terdiri dari 7 kelas yaitu motif Parang, Semenrante, Sidomukti, Ceplok, Kawung, Truntum, dan Buketan. Hasil dari proses learning didapatkan akurasi sebesar 99.07% dengan loss sebesar 0,2%. Pada proses pengujian menggunakan 745 sampel batik solo didapatkan akurasi sebesar 95%. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa metode CNN dapat mengklasifikasi citra dengan baik