bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biological Importance, Therapeutic Benefit and Analytical Aspects of Bioactive Flavonoid Pectolinarin in the Nature
Authors: Patel Dinesh K. 
Published: July 2021

Backgrounds:
Plants and their derived products have been used in the traditional system
of medicine for the treatment of various forms of human disorders since very ancient times. In the
traditional system of medicine and modern allopathic medicine, numerous phytoconstituents have
been used for the preparation of various types of formulation. Flavonoidal class phytochemicals are
the main active phytoconstituents of plants, fruit, vegetables and beverages. Flavonoidal class phytochemicals
are more referred as “nutraceuticals” due to their important pharmacological activities
in the mammalian body.

Methods:
In order to understand the beneficial health effects of flavonoidal class chemical, the present
work summarized the health beneficial aspects of pectolinarin. Present work summarized the
medicinal importance, pharmacological activities and analytical aspects of pectolinarin with various
experimental models and advance analytical methods. However, all the collected scientific information’s
have been analyzed in the present work for their health beneficial potential.

Results:
From the analysis of all the collected scientific information in the present work, it was
found that pectolinarin is an important phytochemical present in numerous medicinal plants but especially
found in Cirsium japonicum, which is an important medicinal herb of Korea, China and Japan.
Pharmacological activities data analysis signified the health beneficial potential of pectolinarin
for their anti-rheumatoid arthritis, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, anti-diabetic,
anti-tumor, anti-dengue, antiviral, neuroprotective and antidepressant activity. However, the effectiveness
of pectolinarin in central nervous system, bone, liver and cancerous disorders have
been also reported in the literature. Analysis of present scientific information revealed the health
beneficial potential of pectolinarin in modern medicine due to their numerous pharmacological activities
in different parts of biological systems. Due to their biological importance in food and human
health, a better understanding of their biological activities indicates their potentials as therapeutic
agents.

Conclusion:
Scientific data of the present work signified the biological potential and therapeutic
benefit of pectolinarin.
Understanding Mental Health App Use Among Community College Students: Web-Based Survey Study
Authors: Borghouts Judith , Eikey Elizabeth V , Mark Gloria , De Leon Cinthia , Schueller Stephen M , Schneider Margaret , Stadnick Nicole , Zheng Kai , Mukamel Dana B , Sorkin Dara H 
Published: July 2021

Background
Mental health concerns are a significant issue among community college students, who often have less access to resources than traditional university college students. Mobile apps have the potential to increase access to mental health care, but there has been little research investigating factors associated with mental health app use within the community college population.

Objective
This study aimed to understand facilitators of and barriers to mental health app use among community college students.

Methods
A web-based survey was administered to a randomly selected sample of 500 community college students from April 16 to June 30, 2020. Structural equation modeling was used to test the relationships between the use of mental health apps, perceived stress, perceived need to seek help for mental health concerns, perceived stigma, past use of professional mental health services, privacy concerns, and social influence of other people in using mental health apps.

Results
Of the 500 participants, 106 (21.2%) reported use of mental health apps. Perceived stress, perceived need to seek help, past use of professional services, and social influence were positively associated with mental health app use. Furthermore, the effect of stress was mediated by a perceived need to seek help. Privacy concerns were negatively associated with mental health app use. Stigma, age, and gender did not have a statistically significant effect.

Conclusions
These findings can inform development of new digital interventions and appropriate outreach strategies to engage community college students in using mental health apps.
Global Burden of Skin Disease Representation in the Literature: Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Pulsipher Kayd J , Szeto Mindy D , Rundle Chandler W , Presley Colby L , Laughter Melissa R , Dellavalle Robert P 
Published: July 2021

Background
The global burden of skin disease may be reduced through research efforts focused on skin diseases with the highest reported disability-adjusted life years.

Objective
This study evaluates the representation of dermatologic conditions comprising the highest disability-adjusted life years in dermatology literature to identify areas that could benefit from greater research focus.

Methods
The top 10 skin disorders according to their respective disability-adjusted life years as per the 2013 Global Burden of Disease were identified using previous studies. The top 5 dermatology journals ranked by the 2019 h-index were also identified. A PubMed search of each journal was performed using individual skin disease terms. From 2015 to 2020, all indexed publications pertaining to each disease were recorded and compared to the total number of publications for each journal surveyed.

Results
A total of 19,727 papers were published in the 5 journals over the span of 2015-2020. Although melanoma ranked as the eighth highest in disability-adjusted life years, it had the highest representation in the literature (1995/19,727, 10.11%). Melanoma was followed in representation by psoriasis (1936/19,727, 9.81%) and dermatitis (1927/19,727, 9.77%). These 3 conditions comprised a total of 29.69% (5858/19,727) of the total publications, while the remaining 7 skin conditions were represented by a combined 6.79% (1341/19,727) of the total publications.

Conclusions
This research identifies gaps in the literature related to the top skin diseases contributing to the global burden of disease. Our study provides insight into future opportunities of focused research on less-studied skin diseases to potentially aid in reducing the global burden of skin disease.
Writing Practices Associated With Electronic Progress Notes and the Preferences of Those Who Read Them: Descriptive Study
Authors: Payne Thomas H , Keller Carolyn , Arora Pallavi , Brusati Allison , Levin Jesse , Salgaonkar Monica , Li Xi , Zech Jennifer , Lees A Fischer 
Published: July 2021

Background
Hospital progress notes can serve as an important communication tool. However, they are criticized for their length, preserved content, and for the time physicians spend writing them.

Objective
We aimed to describe hospital progress note content, writing and reading practices, and the preferences of those who create and read them prior to the implementation of a new electronic health record system.

Methods
Using a sample of hospital progress notes from 1000 randomly selected admissions, we measured note length, similarity of content in successive daily notes for the same patient, the time notes were signed and read, and who read them. We conducted focus group sessions with note writers, readers, and clinical leaders to understand their preferences.

Results
We analyzed 4938 inpatient progress notes from 418 authors. The average length was 886 words, and most were in the Assessment & Plan note section. A total of 29% of notes (n=1432) were signed after 4 PM. Notes signed later in the day were read less often. Notes were highly similar from one day to the next, and 26% (23/88) had clinical risk associated with the preserved content. Note content of the highest value varied according to the reader’s professional role.

Conclusions
Progress note length varied widely. Notes were often signed late in the day when they were read less often and were highly similar to the note from the previous day. Measuring note length, signing time, when and by whom notes are read, and the amount and safety of preserved content will be useful metrics for measuring how the new electronic health record system is used, and can aid improvements.
Language as a Value in a Pragmatic World: Global and National Approach
Authors: Druviete Ina 
Published: July 2021

The article deals with the perception of language and languages in the economy-oriented contemporary world and its specific features in such language-centered countries as Latvia. Two main levels could be discussed concerning the ‘intellectual’, ‘symbolic’ and practical treatment of language: a global (supra-national) and a national one. In majority of countries special laws have been adopted or national level programs have been enacted in order to protect the most significant elements of respective national identities – folklore, traditional ways of life, beliefs and languages in particular. At the beginning of the 21st century, economic and political goals of the European Union have been associated with the ideas of European culture and European identity. At the same time, the popularization of the languages, histories, and traditions of the member states have also been emphasized. The Republic of Latvia belongs to the countries where the diversity of thoughts and viewpoints on language are ever present and intense in both the political debates and even in many informal conversations. The paper gives an insight in Latvian language policy against the background of global and European sociolinguistic processes and wide usage of so-called international languages, English in particular.
The Latvian Translation Scene at the Beginning of the 20th Century
Authors: Veisbergs Andrejs 
Published: July 2021

The first decade of the 20th century was a period of huge advances and expansion in the Latvian translation scene. New, contemporary authors’ works became available to Latvian readers. The Latvian readership was consciously being integrated into general European literary trends. It was also a heyday of periodicals that published numerous translations, including numerous novels. There are countless parallel translations even reaching double digits. Translations included various genres and the traditional Latvian interest in plays was obvious. German was gradually losing its dominant positions as both a source and intermediate language, Russian was advancing. This period also saw a change of generations among translators, and with the new generation women became visible in translation scene. Practically all Latvian writers were also active translators. The translation method changed from localisation to a fidelity mode with a tendency towards foreignisation. Frequently translations now had prefaces and explanations by the translators. Translated literature now ranged from serious classical works to modern ones and from pulp literature to high quality creations. The quality of translations was also very varied. T he expansion of translation and the cultivation of new domains went hand in hand with the development of the Latvian language itself.
Do Rewards Encourage Professional Skepticism? It Depends
Authors: Brazel Joseph F. , Leiby Justin , Schaefer Tammie J. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
In three experiments, we find that rewarding professional skepticism can backfire and decrease skepticism on future audit tasks where red flags are present. We focus on rewards for costly skepticism: skepticism that is ex ante appropriate, but generates incremental ex post costs and does not identify a misstatement. Auditors interpret a reward for costly skepticism as a better-than-expected outcome and view subsequent tasks from a risk-averse gain frame. As a result, auditors seek to avoid the downside risk of skeptical action, which decreases auditors' sensitivity to red flags and their willingness to communicate severe red flags to their managers, compromising audit quality. However, we also find that a supervisor consistently rewarding costly skepticism decreases auditors' risk aversion and increases their skepticism. In sum, auditors believe skeptical action has downside risk. A cultural shift toward credible, consistent rewards for appropriate skepticism likely helps ensure that rewards have their intended effect.
Data Availability: Contact the authors.
Fractures and Osteoporosis in Patients With Diabetes With Charcot Foot
Authors: Rabe Oliver Christian , Winther-Jensen Matilde , Allin Kristine Højgaard , Svendsen Ole Lander 
Published: July 2021

OBJECTIVE
Charcot foot is a serious complication of diabetes, with degeneration of the bones and joints in the foot and ankle. It is unknown whether patients with diabetes with a Charcot foot have an increased risk of osteoporosis and fractures. The aim of this study was to investigate whether patients with diabetes with a Charcot foot have an increased risk of fracture and/or osteoporosis compared with patients with diabetes without Charcot foot.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A Danish register-based, nationwide population-based matched cohort study was conducted. During 1995–2018, we identified 1,602 patients with diabetes with Charcot foot and matched them on sex and date of diagnosis of diabetes with 16,296 patients with diabetes without Charcot foot. We used logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs for fracture and osteoporosis. Information about exposure, outcome, and comorbidities was retrieved from the Danish National Patient Register.

RESULTS
Diabetes patients with Charcot foot had higher risk of fractures compared with those without Charcot foot (i.e., ORs for any fracture, lower-leg fracture, foot fracture, and osteoporotic fracture were 1.8 [95% CI 1.6–2.0], 2.4 [2.0–2.8], 2.9 [2.6–3.3], and 1.3 [1.1–1.4], respectively). Furthermore, patients with diabetes with Charcot foot had higher risk of osteoporosis compared with the patients without Charcot foot, with an OR of 1.3 (95% CI 1.1–1.5).

CONCLUSIONS
Patients with diabetes with a Charcot foot have an increased risk of fractures and osteoporosis compared with patients with diabetes without a Charcot foot.
An Alternative Ballistic Limit Equation for the Whipple Shield in the Shatter Regime, Based on Characteristics of the Large Central Fragment
Authors: Wen Ken , Di De-ning , Chen Xiao-wei 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In the shatter regime of a Whipple shield, a large central fragment makes a significant contribution to the damage-causing capacity of the debris cloud. Herein we present a feasible scheme for the identification and measurement of this large central fragment and propose an alternative approach to the ballistic limit equation (BLE) for the Whipple shield, deducing an alternative ballistic limit in the shatter regime based on the large central fragment’s characteristics. This alternative BLE is compared with the phenomenological Whipple BLE, the JSC Whipple BLE and the Ryan curve. Our alternative BLE, modified at the incipient fragmentation and completed fragmentation point, is shown to agree well with experimental results.
PENGARUH PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN REPRESENTASI MATEMATIS SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Syawaly Azizah Mutiara , Hayun Muhammad 
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) terhadap kemampuan representasi matematis siswa kelas V materi denah dan skala. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu quasi eksperimental dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 42 siswa yang terdiri dari 22 siswa kelas eksperimen dan 20 siswa kelas kontrol dengan desain Nonequivalent Control Group Design. Hasil penelitian dapat terlihat dari hasil perhitungan dengan uji t independen dan diperoleh t sebanyak 3,497 yang artinya lebih besar dari t 2.021, dengan taraf signifikansi 0,001 < 0,05, hal ini berarti bahwa ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara siswa di kelas eksperimen dengan siswa di kelas kontrol. Dapat diartikan bahwa terdapat pengaruh model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning terhadap kemampuan representasi matematis siswa kelas V SD Islam Al-Musyarrofah. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan ini dapat bermanfaat kepada pihak-pihak terkait yang dapat memanfaatkannya seperti kepala sekolah, guru, siswa, serta peneliti selanjutnya.
A necessidade de proteção das minorias decorrente da desigualdade social no Brasil
Authors: Arruda Camila Rabelo de Matos Silva 
Published: July 2021

A pesquisa trata da necessidade da proteção do Estado para assegurar a dignidade dos grupos vulneráveis. As minorias não são numericamente inferiores, mas representam grupos que precisam de uma especial proteção estatal. A proteção aos Direitos Humanos traz uma visão de que é necessário proteger a dignidade da pessoa humana, dando a todos um tratamento para efetivar a cidadania. A presente pesquisa busca responder a seguinte pergunta: De que forma a proteção constitucional dos direitos das minorias efetiva o Estado democrático de direito? As discussões sobre a temática permeiam a sociedade em busca de uma sociedade justa e igualitária.
Impact of Companies’ Characteristics on the Relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure and Corporate financial Performance - An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Qazi Sayeed Zafar , Aspal Parvesh Kumar 
Published: July 2021

Strategic managers are persistently accosting with the decision of switching the scared corporate resource for the community welfare to balance the shareholders’ and multiple stakeholders’ interests. Corporate houses are presumed to not only intensify the economic priorities of investors, but must also consider the community and environmental ramifications as well. Presently, corporations are in dilemma over whether investment in corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives will be a cost or gain from an economic point of view. For this purpose, the association between CSR disclosure and corporate financial performance has been empirically explored and also the company characteristic has been considered as a significant and interesting factor influencing the association between CSR and corporate financial performance. The prime objective of the present paper is to examine the impact of companies’ characteristics i.e., Age of company on the relationship between corporate social responsibility disclosure and corporate financial performance. Panel data regression statistical technique has been applied to investigate and analyze the relationship. The findings of the study reveal that companies CSR have significant influence on their financial performances. But, on the other hand the company characteristic, age of the company has no significant impact on the corporate financial performance. The findings are found consistent with earlier studies, which validate the company’s venture in undertaking the CSR initiatives. The present study addresses theoretical as well as empirical support and inspiration for the corporations towards CSR initiatives.
The late Quaternary stratigraphy of coastal dunes and associated deposits in southern Africa
Authors: Knight J. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Coastal sand dune sediments with associated intraformational aeolianite, palaeosols and beachrock are found throughout much of the southern African coast, and have important roles as both Quaternary environmental archives and in recording the interplay of sediment supply, coastal processes and sea-level change. This paper examines the stratigraphy and palaeoenvironmental significance of coastal sand dunes and associated sediments, using examples mainly from South Africa but also with reference to the sandy coasts of Namibia and southern Mozambique. Based on morphological, sedimentary and dating evidence reported in the diverse literature, the stratigraphic relationship of coastal sand dune sediments to Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) is summarized, and a chronostratigraphic diagram for the period MIS 6 to 1 along the South African coast is used to identify spatially coherent sedimentary units that correspond to different regional climatic and sea-level phases. This framework provides a stratigraphic context to better examine the relationship between coastal sand dunes and external forcing during the late Quaternary in southern Africa, and to guide future field studies.
Native and non-native plants attract diverse bees to urban gardens in California
Authors: Frankie Gordon , Feng Ingrid , Thorp Robbin , Pawelek Jaime , Chase Marissa Helene , Jadallah Christopher C. , Rizzardi Mark 
Published: July 2021

Bees visit native and non-native plant species for pollen and nectar resources in urban, agricultural, and wildland environments. Results of an extensive survey of bee-flower collection records from 10 California cities from 2005-2011 were used to examine host-plant records of native and non-native ornamental plants to diverse native and non-native bee species; five cities were from northern California and five were from southern California. A total of 7,659 bees and their floral host plants were examined. Of these, 179 were Apis mellifera and 7,390 were non-Apis. Only four other non-native species (all in Megachilidae) were recorded in the survey, and together they accounted for 402 individuals. These bees have been databased in preparation for deposition in the University of California-Berkeley Essig Museum of Entomology. We identified 229 bee species and 42 genera visiting native and non-native plant types in urban areas. Of the 229 species, 71 bee species were collected from only native plants; 52 were collected from only non-native host plants; and 106 were collected from both types of plants. Native bee species were common on native plants and non-native plants, but there were substantially more non-native bee species visiting non-native plants compared to native plants. Flowering periods in months were similar for both types of plants, but non-natives tended to flower later in the year. We propose that using native and non-native plants improves habitat gardening by increasing opportunities for attracting a richer diversity of bee species and for longer periods. Knowing basic bee-flower relationships in an area is key to planning a bee habitat garden with a variety of plant types, regardless of their geographic origin.