bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cold Stress Induced a Higher Level of Fat Oxidation in Women
Authors: Niu Xinting , Han Peng , Tang Zujie , Huang Jin , Li Li , He Hui , Zhang Wenzhong , Zhao Li , Zhao Lei 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Niu, X, Han, P, Tang, Z, Huang, J, Li, L, He, H, Zhang, W, Zhao, L, and Zhao, L. Cold stress induced a higher level of fat oxidation in women. J Strength Cond Res 37(1): 114–122, 2023—To investigate women's fat oxidation under cold stress during incremental exercise testing and compare the effect of cold stress on fat oxidation between the sexes. Twenty-six healthy subjects performed 2 incremental exercise tests to determine maximal oxygen uptake (V̇o
2max) on a treadmill in different ambient temperatures. Cardiopulmonary variables were continuously recorded during incremental exercise tests. Maximal fat oxidation (MFO) and the corresponding exercise intensity (Fatmax) were determined from the fat oxidation curve constructed by indirect calorimetry. Both men and women relied more on fat oxidation in cold environment (p < 0.05). Compared with men, fat oxidation was significantly greater in women in the cold environment from 50 to 70% V̇o
2max (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the change of fat oxidation as exercise intensity increased between the sexes (p > 0.05). Women had a greater MFO (p < 0.05) and Fatmax (p < 0.05) than men in the cold environment. When MFO was the dependent variable, sex, fat-free mass, fat mass, V̇o
2max, and temperature accounted for 48% of its variability. We conclude that cold stress enhances fat oxidation in women. Compared with men, women have significantly higher value and rely more on fat oxidation to supply energy in the cold environment, although the increasing level of fat oxidation was similar between the sexes. These factors may have important implications in the individualization of exercise prescription in cold conditions for both men and women.
Health Screening and Updated Blood Pressure Guidelines and Their Application for the Certified Personal Trainer
Authors: Young Jeff 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
Certified National Strength and Conditioning Association personal trainers are “health/fitness professionals who, using an individualized approach, assess, motivate, educate, and train clients regarding their health and fitness needs. They design safe and effective exercise programs, provide the guidance to help clients achieve their personal health/fitness goals, and respond appropriately in emergency situations. Recognizing their area of expertise, personal trainers refer clients to other health care professionals when appropriate.” The design of safe and effective exercise programs includes the need to stay current with published research and changes to relevant exercise guidelines. The purpose of this article is to provide a brief overview of recent changes to the exercise preparticipation health screen, application of the physical activity readiness questionnaire for everyone (PAR-Q+), updated blood pressure guidelines, and recommendations for program design given these changes.
“Come brother Opie!”
Authors: Bray Joe 
Published: October 2021

Joe Bray, “‘Come brother Opie!’: Amelia Opie and the Courtroom” (pp. 137–162)
This essay examines how Amelia Opie’s lifelong fascination with the human drama of the courtroom is reflected in her fiction, specifically in her tales that revolve around trial scenes. Focusing on three examples in particular, “Henry Woodville” (1818), “The Robber” (1806), and “The Mysterious Stranger” (1813), it argues that Opie’s fictional courtrooms encourage an emotional engagement on the part of both characters and narrators, which in turn can be extended to that of the reader. In the case of “The Mysterious Stranger,” a character is on figurative trial throughout, with both narrator and reader frequently in the dark as to her motives. As a result, judgment is both hazardous and uncertain. Through a sympathetic representation of the passions and vicissitudes experienced by all those in the courtroom context, whether real or metaphorical, Opie’s fiction develops a model of readerly participation that adds a new, affective dimension to traditional accounts of the relationship between early-nineteenth-century literature and the law.
Broad-spectrum XX and XY gonadal dysgenesis in patients with a homozygous L193S variant in PPP2R3C
Authors: Cicek Dilek , Warr Nick , Yesil Gozde , Kocak Eker Hatice , Bas Firdevs , Poyrazoglu Sukran , Darendeliler Feyza , Direk Gul , Hatipoglu Nihal , Eltan Mehmet , Yavas Abali Zehra , Gurpinar Tosun Busra , Kaygusuz Sare Betul , Seven Menevse Tuba , Helvacioglu Didem , Turan Serap , Bereket Abdullah , Reeves Richard , Simon Michelle , Mackenzie Matthew , Teboul Lydia , Greenfield Andy , Guran Tulay 
Published: October 2021

Context
Homozygous and heterozygous variants in PPP2R3C are associated with syndromic 46,XY complete gonadal dysgenesis (Myo-Ectodermo-Gonadal Dysgenesis (MEGD) syndrome), and impaired spermatogenesis, respectively. This study expands the role of PPP2R3C in the aetiology of gonadal dysgenesis (GD).

Method
We sequenced the PPP2R3C gene in four new patients from three unrelated families. The clinical, laboratory, and molecular characteristics were investigated. We have also determined the requirement for Ppp2r3c in mice (C57BL6/N) using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing.

Results
A homozygous c.578T>C (p.L193S) PPP2R3C variant was identified in one 46,XX girl with primary gonadal insufficiency, two girls with 46,XY complete GD, and one undervirilised boy with 46,XY partial GD. The patients with complete GD had low gonadal and adrenal androgens, low anti-Müllerian hormone, and high follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone concentrations. All patients manifested characteristic features of MEGD syndrome. Heterozygous Ppp2r3c knockout mice appeared overtly normal and fertile. Inspection of homozygous embryos at 14.5, 9.5, and 8.5 days post coitum(dpc) revealed evidence of dead embryos. We conclude that loss of function of Ppp2r3c is not compatible with viability in mice and results in embryonic death from 7.5 dpc or earlier.

Conclusion
Our data indicate the essential roles for PPP2R3C in mouse and human development. Germline homozygous variants in human PPP2R3C are associated with distinctive syndromic GD of varying severity in both 46,XY and 46,XX individuals.
La educación media como espacio de disputa La deconstrucción del discurso sobre la sexualidad en Costa Rica, 1960-2018
Authors: Campos-Monge Hermes 
Published: October 2021

En 1985 se elaboraron textos denominados guías sexuales, cuyo fin era brindar un material de apoyo para el desarrollo de las lecciones de afectividad y sexualidad en las escuelas secundarias de Costa Rica. Desde entonces, una fuerte oposición a un material nuevo, más científico e inclusivo despertó una polémica de años entre grupos conservadores y religiosos y la necesidad de brindar un programa de formación a las juventudes que fuera más real. Este artículo plantea que los programas de educación para la sexualidad han sido objeto constante de críticas y discusiones de origen ideológico, que han llevado a la educación media costarricense a convertirse en un espacio de disputa; donde la representación adultocentrista ha atravesado el discurso sobre exualidad/sexualidades y ha dejado de lado la opinión del sector más importante: el estudiantado adolescente.
Ausencia del padre y orfandad masculina: Notas Sobre Pedro Páramo
Authors: García-Rey Rocío 
Published: October 2021

Pedro Páramo es una novela fundamental de la literatura contemporánea en el ámbito hispanoamericano. El inicio de la novela proporciona la clave del periplo del hijo abandonado que va a buscar al padre ausente; el hombre cuya única claridad es su ausencia, su abandono. Es una búsqueda transformada en historia de un duelo no resuelto, un dolor que el hijo acumulará sin entender que la ausencia del padre es la presencia de la misma muerte. Me centraré en el ejercicio de interpretar la obra literaria desde le creación y recreación del lenguaje y de los temas, para seguir escudriñando “rutas de interpretación” en el sentido propuesto por Wolfgang Iser. El comentario con respecto al tema de Pedro Páramo lo haré en clave de los estudios de género, particularmente de aquellos planteamientos de la estudiosa chilena, Sonia Montesinos
Update on Phototherapy and Childhood Cancer in a Northern California Cohort
Authors: Digitale Jean C. , Kim Mi-Ok , Kuzniewicz Michael W. , Newman Thomas B. 
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVESWe aimed to reassess the relationship between phototherapy and cancer in an extended version of a previous cohort and to replicate a report from Quebec of increased cancer risk after phototherapy beginning at age 4 years.METHODSThis cohort study included 139 100 children born at ≥35 weeks’ gestation from 1995 to 2017, followed through March 16, 2019, in Kaiser Permanente Northern California hospitals who had a qualifying bilirubin level from −3 mg/dL to +4.9 mg/dL from the American Academy of Pediatrics phototherapy threshold; an additional 40 780 children and 5 years of follow-up from our previous report. The exposure was inpatient phototherapy (yes or no), and the outcomes were various types of childhood cancer. We used Cox proportional hazard models, controlling for propensity-score quintiles, and allowed for time-dependent exposure effects to assess for the risk of cancer after a latent period.RESULTSOver a mean (SD) follow-up of 8.2 (5.7) years, the crude incidence of cancer per 100 000 person-years was 25.1 among those exposed to phototherapy and 19.2 among those not exposed (233 cases of cancer). After propensity adjustment, phototherapy was not associated with any cancer (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.13, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.83–1.54), hematopoietic cancer (HR: 1.17, 95% CI: 0.74–1.83), or solid tumors (HR: 1.01, 95% CI: 0.65–1.58). We also found no association with cancer diagnoses at age ≥4 years.CONCLUSIONSWe did not confirm previous, concerning associations between phototherapy and adjusted risk of any cancer, nonlymphocytic leukemia, or brain and/or central nervous systems tumors in later childhood.
СПІВРОБІТНИЦТВО ІЗРАЇЛЮ З США ТА ЄС ЩОДО ВРЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ПРОБЛЕМИ ЯДЕРНОЇ ПРОГРАМИ ІРАНУ
Authors: Cheban Oleksandr Yakovych 
Published: October 2021

У статті розглянута взаємодія між Ізраїлем, Європейським Союзом та Сполученими Штатами Америки щодо вирішення проблеми розвитку ядерної програми Ірану. У статті відзначено, що її метою є проаналізувати політику Ізраїлю, США та ЄС щодо вирішення проблеми іранської ядерної програми. У роботі були застосовані дослідницькі методи контент-аналізу, системного аналізу та компаративістського аналізу. У статті відзначено, що США та ЄС відіграють важливу роль у міжнародних зусиллях щодо дипломатичного вирішення проблеми іранської ядерної програми, але водночас Вашингтону та Брюсселю доводиться враховувати позицію Єрусалиму щодо ядерної політики Тегерану, оскільки від єврейської держави багато в чому залежить мир у близькосхідному регіоні. У статті здійснено порівняльний аналіз позицій Ізраїлю, США та ЄС щодо іранської ядерної програми та простежена еволюція політики Єрусалиму, Вашингтону та Брюсселю щодо ядерної політики Тегерану. Зроблено висновок, що позиція Ізраїлю щодо іранської ядерної програми фактично не змінювалася упродовж останніх двох десятиліть, у той час як позиції США та ЄС дещо видозмінювалися, що не завжди знаходило схвалення у Єрусалимі. У статті зроблено припущення про те, що в майбутньому повне зближення позицій Вашингтону, Брюсселю та Єрусалиму відбудеться лише в тому випадку, якщо Іран продовжить безконтрольне нарощування своєї ядерної програми і відмовлятиметься від поступок у ядерних питаннях.
Egyetemi tanári pályázatok minimális publikációs követelményeinek változása és várható hatása a társadalomtudományok területén
Authors: Sasvári Péter , Ludányi Brigitta 
Published: October 2021

Összefoglaló. Az egyetemi tanári pályázat összeállításához és
értékeléséhez összeállított, a Magyar Akkreditációs Bizottság által elfogadott
módosított útmutató 2020. szeptember 1-jétől lépett hatályba. A módosított
követelményrendszer vizionálja a jelenlegi értékmérők átalakulását. A tudományos
teljesítmény súlypontjaivá a folyóirat-publikációk váltak, azonban a hazai
közlemények önmagukban nem elegendőek, a nemzetközi láthatóság és minőségi
rangsor feltétele a nemzetközi publikálás, amely egyúttal a tudományos fokozatok
elérésének is feltételévé vált. Jelen tanulmány a gazdaságtudomány, valamint a
társadalomtudományok területén működő magyarországi egyetemek oktatóinak
publikációs tevékenységén keresztül vizsgálja a módosított követelményrendszer
hatását és következményeit az egyetemi tanári pályázat, valamint tágabb
értelemben a nemzetközi tudományos elismertség vonatkozásában.
Summary. The modified Guidelines for the Compilation and Evaluation
of the Applications for the Position of University Full Professors approved by
the Hungarian Accreditation Committee was to enter into force on the 1st of
September in 2020. The reshaped requirement system envisions the transformation
of current assessment criteria. Journal publications have become the focus of
scientific performance, however, publications in domestic journals alone are not
enough; apart from being required for achieving international scientific
visibility and quality ranking, international publications have also become a
prerequisite for scientific degrees. The present study examines the impact and
consequences of the modified requirement system on university professorships
and, in a broader sense, on their international scientific recognition through
the publication activities of lecturers from Hungarian universities in the
fields of Economics and social sciences.
HANNA: Gamifikált digitális tananyag hátrányos helyzetű tanulók nyelvtanulásának segítésére
Authors: Abari Kálmán , Szabó Fruzsina , Polonyi Tünde 
Published: October 2021

Összefoglaló. Gyorsan változó világunkban az oktatásnak lépést kell
tartania a változásokkal, ezért szükséges a módszertan folyamatos fejlesztése, a
tanítási-tanulási folyamat harmonikusabb illesztése a változó igényekhez.
Oktatásunk komoly problémája a tanulók teljesítményében mutatkozó hatalmas
különbség, ezért fontos szempont a hátrányos helyzetű tanulók eredményességének
javítása. Tanulmányunk célja, hogy bemutassunk egy új fejlesztésű digitális
nyelvoktató tananyagot (HANNA), amely hátrányos helyzetű 5–7. osztályos
diákoknak készült, tabletalapú, és angol nyelvet oktat a tanár facilitáló
segítségével. Bemutatjuk, hogy a HANNA szerkezetének kialakításában milyen
szempontokat vettünk figyelembe, ismertetjük a tananyag felépítését és a tanulók
motiválása érdekében megvalósított gamifikált elemeket.
Summary. As the world of education and technology is changing at a
breathtaking speed, the methodology needs to be constantly updated, while the
process of teaching-learning has to adjust to fresh demands. One of the most
severe issues in our education is the increasing gap between students’
achievements, especially in low socio-economic environments. The purpose of our
study is to introduce a new digital language course-material (HANNA) created
specifically for pupils in grade 5–7 in low SES backgrounds. It is primarily to
be employed in English language classes (ELT), is operated on tablets, and
teaches English with the facilitating work of the teacher. We explore the
principles underlying HANNA, reveal its structure and mechanism while detailing
the gamified elements of the programme.
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1, a Novel Therapeutic Target for Post-Vascular Injury Thrombosis in CKD
Authors: Walker Joshua A. , Richards Sean , Whelan Stephen A. , Yoo Sung Bok , Russell Teresa L. , Arinze Nkiruka , Lotfollahzadeh Saran , Napoleon Marc A. , Belghasem Mostafa , Lee Norman , Dember Laura M. , Ravid Katya , Chitalia Vipul C. 
Published: October 2021

Significance Statement
Patients with CKD are at a markedly higher risk of thrombosis after vascular procedures. Uremic solutes, such as indoxyl sulfate and kynurenine, are important contributors to this complication through tissue factor (TF), a trigger of the extrinsic coagulation cascade. This study examines the role of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO-1), a key enzyme in kynurenine biogenesis, in thrombotic complications in CKD. Using genomic and pharmacological approaches, this study demonstrates that IDO-1 is a critical regulator of TF and thrombosis after vascular injury in CKD mice. Indoxyl sulfate upregulates IDO-1, creating a feedback-forward loop. IDO-1 activity was higher in patients with CKD, who developed thrombosis after vascular interventions. This study identifies IDO-1 as a therapeutic target and uncovers crosstalk between uremic solutes, perpetuating their toxic effect.

Background
CKD, characterized by retained uremic solutes, is a strong and independent risk factor for thrombosis after vascular procedures . Urem ic solutes such as indoxyl sulfate (IS) and kynurenine (Kyn) mediate prothrombotic effect through tissue factor (TF). IS and Kyn biogenesis depends on multiple enzymes, with therapeutic implications unexplored. We examined the role of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO-1), a rate-limiting enzyme of kynurenine biogenesis, in CKD-associated thrombosis after vascular injury.

Methods
IDO-1 expression in mice and human vessels was examined. IDO-1−/− mice, IDO-1 inhibitors, an adenine-induced CKD, and carotid artery injury models were used.

Results
Both global IDO-1−/− CKD mice and IDO-1 inhibitor in wild-type CKD mice showed reduced blood Kyn levels, TF expression in their arteries, and thrombogenicity compared with respective controls. Several advanced IDO-1 inhibitors downregulated TF expression in primary human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells specifically in response to uremic serum. Further mechanistic probing of arteries from an IS-specific mouse model, and CKD mice, showed upregulation of IDO-1 protein, which was due to inhibition of its polyubiquitination and degradation by IS in vascular smooth muscle cells. In two cohorts of patients with advanced CKD, blood IDO-1 activity was significantly higher in sera of study participants who subsequently developed thrombosis after endovascular interventions or vascular surgery.

Conclusion
Leveraging genetic and pharmacologic manipulation in experimental models and data from human studies implicate IS as an inducer of IDO-1 and a perpetuator of the thrombotic milieu and supports IDO-1 as an antithrombotic target in CKD.
Analysis of Performance Trends from 2010–2019 on the American Board of Internal Medicine Nephrology Certifying Exam
Authors: Berns Jeffrey S. , Weng Weifeng , Jaar Bernard G. , Lipner Rebecca S. , Brossman Bradley G. , McDonald Furman S. 
Published: October 2021

Significance Statement
In recent years, there has been a decline in the number of applicants for nephrology fellowships and changes in characteristics of those entering them. There has also been a decline in the pass rate on the American Board of Internal Medicine nephrology certifying exam. This pass rate decline puts fellowship programs at risk for falling below board pass rate benchmarks of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. The primary factors driving the decline in nephrology certifying exam performance between 2010 and 2019 were lower IM certifying exam score, older age, and training in a smaller program. In 2019, only 57% of nephrology fellowship programs had 3-year cumulative nephrology exam pass rates ≥80% among their graduates.

Background
The pass rate on the American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) nephrology certifying exam has declined and is among the lowest of all internal medicine (IM) subspecialties. In recent years, there have also been fewer applicants for the nephrology fellowship match.

Methods
This retrospective observational study assessed how changes between 2010 and 2019 in characteristics of 4094 graduates of US ACGME-accredited nephrology fellowship programs taking the ABIM nephrology certifying exam for the first time, and how characteristics of their fellowship programs were associated with exam performance. The primary outcome measure was performance on the nephrology certifying exam. Fellowship program pass rates over the decade were also studied.

Results
Lower IM certifying exam score, older age, female sex, international medical graduate (IMG) status, and having trained at a smaller nephrology fellowship program were associated with poorer nephrology certifying exam performance. The mean IM certifying exam percentile score among those who subsequently took the nephrology certifying exam decreased from 56.7 (SD, 27.9) to 46.1 (SD, 28.7) from 2010 to 2019. When examining individuals with comparable IM certifying exam performance, IMGs performed less well than United States medical graduates (USMGs) on the nephrology certifying exam. In 2019, only 57% of nephrology fellowship programs had aggregate 3-year certifying exam pass rates ≥80% among their graduates.

Conclusions
Changes in IM certifying exam performance, certain trainee demographics, and poorer performance among those from smaller fellowship programs explain much of the decline in nephrology certifying exam performance. IM certifying exam performance was the dominant determinant.
Chromatin Remodelers Interact with Eya1 and Six2 to Target Enhancers to Control Nephron Progenitor Cell Maintenance
Authors: Li Jun , Xu Jinshu , Jiang Huihui , Zhang Ting , Ramakrishnan Aarthi , Shen Li , Xu Pin-Xian 
Published: October 2021

Significance Statement
Understanding how the precise gene expression states that define nephron progenitor cell identity are established and maintained is crucial for developing approaches to repair or regenerate the damaged nephron. Combination of Eya1-Six1/2 has been explored in inducing nephron progenitor–like cell reprogramming. This study uncovers a critical role for chromatin-remodeling SWI/SNF complex through interactions with Eya1-Six2 in nephron fate induction and maintenance and identifies critical factors, including Pbx1, as direct targets of SWI/SNF and Eya1-Six2. The properties of chromatin remodelers as transcriptional coregulators and Pbx1 in hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal suggest that they may be combined with Eya1-Six1/2 in reprogramming nephrons.

Background
Eya1 is a critical regulator of nephron progenitor cell specification and interacts with Six2 to promote NPC self-renewal. Haploinsufficiency of these genes causes kidney hypoplasia. However, how the Eya1-centered network operates remains unknown.

Methods
We engineered a 2×HA-3×Flag-Eya1 knock-in mouse line and performed coimmunoprecipitation with anti-HA or -Flag to precipitate the multitagged-Eya1 and its associated proteins. Loss-of-function, transcriptome profiling, and genome-wide binding analyses for Eya1's interacting chromatin-remodeling ATPase Brg1 were carried out. We assayed the activity of the cis-regulatory elements co-occupied by Brg1/Six2 in vivo.

Results
Eya1 and Six2 interact with the Brg1-based SWI/SNF complex during kidney development. Knockout of Brg1 results in failure of metanephric mesenchyme formation and depletion of nephron progenitors, which has been linked to loss of Eya1 expression. Transcriptional profiling shows conspicuous downregulation of important regulators for nephrogenesis in Brg1-deficient cells, including Lin28, Pbx1, and Dchs1-Fat4 signaling, but upregulation of podocyte lineage, oncogenic, and cell death–inducing genes, many of which Brg1 targets. Genome-wide binding analysis identifies Brg1 occupancy to a distal enhancer of Eya1 that drives nephron progenitor–specific expression. We demonstrate that Brg1 enrichment to two distal intronic enhancers of Pbx1 and a proximal promoter region of Mycn requires Six2 activity and that these Brg1/Six2-bound enhancers govern nephron progenitor–specific expression in response to Six2 activity.

Conclusions
Our results reveal an essential role for Brg1, its downstream pathways, and its interaction with Eya1-Six2 in mediating the fine balance among the self-renewal, differentiation, and survival of nephron progenitors.