bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
No evidence that selection for egg production persistency causes loss of bone quality in laying hens
Authors: Dunn Ian C. , De Koning Dirk-Jan , McCormack Heather A. , Fleming Robert H. , Wilson Peter W. , Andersson Björn , Schmutz Matthias , Benavides Cristina , Dominguez-Gasca Nazaret , Sanchez-Rodriguez Estefania , Rodriguez-Navarro Alejandro B. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
The physiological adaptations that have evolved for egg laying make hens susceptible to bone fractures and keel bone damage. In modern laying hen breeds, longer periods of egg laying could result in a greater risk of poor bone quality, and selection for increased egg production has frequently been stated to be a cause. However, the existing literature does not support this hypothesis. To test the hypothesis that egg production is associated with quality, breaking strength and density of bone, genetic correlations between these traits were estimated in White Leghorn and Rhode Island Red breeds. Genetic correlations of cortical and medullary bone material chemical properties with bone quality were also estimated, in order to identify methods to improve bone quality with appropriately targeted measurement of key traits.

Results
Estimates of heritability for bone quality traits were moderate (0.19–0.59) for both White Leghorn and Rhode Island Red breeds, except for the keel bone trait, which had a heritability estimate equal to zero. There was no evidence for genetic or phenotypic relationships between post-peak egg production and bone quality. In the White Leghorn breed, the estimate of the genetic correlation between pre-peak production/age at first egg and bone quality was significant and negative (− 0.7 to − 0.4). Estimates of heritability of thermogravimetric measurements of tibial medullary bone mineralisation were significant (0.18–0.41), as were estimates of their genetic correlations with tibia breaking strength and density (0.6–0.9).

Conclusions
The low genetic correlation of post-peak egg production with bone quality suggests that selection for increased persistency of egg production may not adversely affect bone quality. Onset of puberty and mineralisation of the medullary bone, which is a specialised adaptation for egg laying, were identified as important factors associated with the quality of the skeleton later during egg production. These are traits for which genetic, as well as environmental and management factors can positively impact the overall quality of the skeleton of laying hens.
Increased expression of MUSASHI1 in epithelial breast cancer cells is due to down regulation of miR-125b
Authors: Forouzanfar Mahboobeh , Lachinani Liana , Dormiani Kianoush , Nasr-Esfahani Mohammad Hossein , Ghaedi Kamran 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundMusashi1 (MSI1) is an oncogenic protein with a crucial role in the proliferation and characteristics of the epithelial cells in breast cancer. The change in expression ofMSI1has a role in solid tumor progression. There are different factors that regulateMSI1expression in various cancer tissues including microRNAs which are considered as one of the most important of these factors. The aim of our study is identification of the molecular cause of maximal expression ofMSI1in epithelial breast cancer cell lines.ResultsAmong predicted microRNAs, miR-125b, miR-637 and miR-802 were able to significantly reduce the luciferase activity. In addition, the relative expression of these three miRNAs were measured in the cancerous cell lines that results showed a significant reduction in expression of all microRNAs. On the other hand, only the overexpression of miR-125b caused a change in the expression pattern ofMSI1in breast epithelial cancer cell lines.Accordingly, our results demonstrated that the exogenous expression of miR-125b decreased not only the MSI1 protein but also expression of epithelial markers in breast cancer cells.ConclusionsThe results of luciferase reporter assay showed thatMSI1is a direct target for miR-125b in epithelial breast cancer cells. Moreover, higher amount of MSI1 in those cell lines seems due to the reduced amount of miR-125b, which is responsible for epithelial features of those kinds of cancer cells. Therefore, the modulation of miR-125b may be a potential approach to help to combat against epithelial breast tumors.
Evolutionary and demographic consequences of temperature-induced masculinization under climate warming: the effects of mate choice
Authors: Nemesházi Edina , Kövér Szilvia , Bókony Veronika 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
One of the dangers of global climate change to wildlife is distorting sex ratios by temperature-induced sex reversals in populations where sex determination is not exclusively genetic, potentially leading to population collapse and/or sex-determination system transformation. Here we introduce a new concept on how these outcomes may be altered by mate choice if sex-chromosome-linked phenotypic traits allow females to choose between normal and sex-reversed (genetically female) males.

Results
We developed a theoretical model to investigate if an already existing autosomal allele encoding preference for sex-reversed males would spread and affect demographic and evolutionary processes under climate warming. We found that preference for sex-reversed males (1) more likely spread in ZW/ZZ than in XX/XY sex-determination systems, (2) in populations starting with ZW/ZZ system, it significantly hastened the transitions between different sex-determination systems and maintained more balanced adult sex ratio for longer compared to populations where all females preferred normal males; and (3) in ZW/ZZ systems with low but non-zero viability of WW individuals, a widespread preference for sex-reversed males saved the populations from early extinction.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that climate change may affect the evolution of mate choice, which in turn may influence the evolution of sex-determination systems, sex ratios, and thereby adaptive potential and population persistence. These findings show that preferences for sex-linked traits have special implications in species with sex reversal, highlighting the need for empirical research on the role of sex reversal in mate choice.
Oral health in adults with coronary artery disease and its risk factors: a comparative study using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data
Authors: Lee Sun Kyung , Hwang Seon Young 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to examine the relationship between oral health status and hygiene behavior among adults and elderly with preceding chronic disease or coronary artery disease history.

Methods
Data were obtained from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination survey conducted from 2016 to 2017. Cardiovascular risk group was defined as adults over the age of 30 with hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, previous myocardial infarction, or angina. Adult and elderly groups were separated and analyzed by 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM), and complex sample logistic regression analysis was performed using SPSS and R programs.

Results
In adults, 25.1% of healthy group and 41.9% of the risk group were diagnosed with periodontal disease by dentist. In the elderly, 40.0% of the risk group had chewing problems and 17.5% had speaking problems. After PSM, in adults (n = 1661 each), both univariate and multiple logistic regression analyzes showed that the prevalence of periodontal disease was significantly higher in the risk group than in the healthy group (Odds Ratio = 1.21, p = .028). In the elderly (n = 715 each), univariate analysis showed that the risk group had more chewing and speaking problems than the healthy group, but there was no difference in multivariate analysis.

Conclusions
Adults under the age of 65 years with cardiovascular risk require periodic evaluation and education on the importance of maintaining oral health for primary or secondary prevention. Healthcare professionals should provide patient education to help them maintain adequate oral health and oral hygiene.
Factors associated with delayed presentation to healthcare facilities for Lassa fever cases, Nigeria 2019: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Chandra Nastassya L. , Bolt Hikaru , Dan-Nwafor Chioma , Ipadeola Oladipupo , Ilori Elsie , Namara Geoffrey , Olayinka Adebola T. , Ukponu Winifred , Iniobong Akanimo , Amedu Michael , Akano Adejoke , Akabike Kachikwulu O. , Okhuarobo Uwaifiokun , Fagbemi Stephen , Sampson Emeka , Newitt Sophie , Verlander Neville Q. , Bausch Daniel G. , le Polain de Waroux Olivier , Ihekweazu Chikwe 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Large outbreaks of Lassa fever (LF) occur annually in Nigeria. The case fatality rate among hospitalised cases is ~ 20%. The antiviral drug ribavirin along with supportive care and rehydration are the recommended treatments but must be administered early (within 6 days of symptom onset) for optimal results. We aimed to identify factors associated with late presentation of LF cases to a healthcare facility to inform interventions.

Methods
We undertook a retrospective cohort study of all laboratory confirmed LF cases reported in Nigeria from December 2018 to April 2019. We performed descriptive epidemiology and a univariate Cox proportional-hazards regression analysis to investigate the effect of clinical (symptom severity), epidemiological (age, sex, education, occupation, residential State) and exposure (travel, attendance at funeral, exposure to rodents or confirmed case) factors on time to presentation.

Results
Of 389 cases, median presentation time was 6 days (IQR 4–10 days), with 53% attending within 6 days. There were no differences in presentation times by sex but differences were noted by age-group; 60+ year-olds had the longest delays while 13–17 year-olds had the shortest. By sex and age, there were differences seen among the younger ages, with 0–4-year-old females presenting earlier than males (4 days and 73% vs. 10 days and 30%). For 5–12 and 13–17 year-olds, males presented sooner than females (males: 5 days, 65% and 3 days, 85% vs. females: 6 days, 50% and 5 days, 61%, respectively). Presentation times differed across occupations 4.5–9 days and 20–60%, transporters (people who drive informal public transport vehicles) had the longest delays. Other data were limited (41–95% missing). However, the Cox regression showed no factors were statistically associated with longer presentation time.

Conclusions
Whilst we observed important differences in presentation delays across factors, our sample size was insufficient to show any statistically significant differences that might exist. However, almost half of cases presented after 6 days of onset, highlighting the need for more accurate and complete surveillance data to determine if there is a systemic or specific cause for delays, so to inform, monitor and evaluate public health strategies and improve outcomes.
Comparison between nab-paclitaxel and solvent-based taxanes as neoadjuvant therapy in breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Miao , Liu Siyao , Yang Liu , Wang Shu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
To compare the efficacy and safety of nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-paclitaxel) and solvent-based taxanes (sb-taxanes) as neoadjuvant therapy in the treatment of breast cancer.

Methods
We systematically searched the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register databases. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies, published in English, about the comparison between nab-paclitaxel and sb-taxanes as neoadjuvant therapy in patients with breast cancer were searched up to September 2019.

Results
The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with pathological complete response (pCR, defined as ypT0 ypN0 or ypT0/is ypN0). Other main outcomes included long-term survival and adverse events (AEs). Seven studies (five RCTs and two cohorts) and 2949 patients were included. Neoadjuvant nab-paclitaxel improved pCR compared with sb-taxanes (ypT0 ypN0: OR = 1.52, 95%CI: 1.27–1.83, P < 0.001; ypT0/is ypN0: OR = 1.40, 95%CI: 1.17–1.68, P < 0.001). The benefits of nab-paclitaxel on pCR were persistent in HER2-negative, hormone receptor (HR)-positive breast cancer (OR = 1.53, 95%CI: 1.07–2.19, P = 0.020), triple-negative breast cancer (weekly/every 2 weeks regimen; OR = 2.95, 95%CI: 1.54–5.67, P < 0.001), and tumors with Ki-67 > 20% (OR = 1.63, 95%CI: 1.26–2.12, P < 0.001). Patients treated with nab-paclitaxel had better event-free survival (EFS; HR = 0.69, 95%CI: 0.57–0.85, P < 0.001) than with sb-taxanes. There were no differences in most of grade > 3 AEs between nab-paclitaxel and sb-taxanes (all P > 0.05), besides of any grade hypersensitivity (OR = 0.29, 95%CI: 0.11–0.72, P = 0.008), any grade (OR = 2.10, 95%CI: 1.37–3.23, P = 0.001) and grade > 3 (OR = 4.01, 95%CI: 2.51–6.41, P < 0.001) neuropathy.

Conclusion
Nab-paclitaxel is effective for the treatment of non-metastatic breast cancer in the neoadjuvant setting. Nab-paclitaxel could improve pCR rate and EFS compared with sb-taxanes and with reasonable toxicities.
Most colitis associated carcinomas lack expression of LGR5: a preliminary study with implications for unique pathways of carcinogenesis compared to sporadic colorectal carcinoma
Authors: Iwaya Mai , Ota Hiroyoshi , Nakajima Tomoyuki , Uehara Takeshi , Riddell Robert , Conner James 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5), a component of the Wnt receptor complex, is thought to lineage label gastric and intestinal stem cells. LGR5 expression is increased in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) compared to normal tissue. Colitis associated colorectal adenocarcinoma (CAC) often shows distinct morphologic and molecular phenotypes compared to sporadic cases. However, the expression profile of LGR5, and by extension the potential role of an intestinal stem cell phenotype, has not been well described in a series of human CAC.

Method
RNA in situ hybridization (ISH) for LGR5 expression on 30 CACs (12 cases with conventional morphology and 18 cases with non-conventional type morphology) from 29 inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients was performed and compared the expression profile to a control group of 10 sporadic CRCs. Immunohistochemistry for beta-catenin and SATB2 was performed on the 30 CACs.

Result
LGR5 was positive in 30% (9/30) of CAC cases and 90% (9/10) of sporadic CRCs (p = 0.002). A large majority (89%) of LGR5 positive CACs were of the conventional histologic type, and conventional type CAC showed a significantly higher LGR5 score (median 3.0; interquartile range 1.75–3.25) than non-conventional type CAC (median 1.5; interquartile range 1.00–2.00) (p = 0.034). CAC with conventional morphology did have a lower level of LGR5 expression than sporadic CRC. Sporadic CRCs showed a significantly higher LGR5 level score than non-conventional type CACs (p < 0.001). Nuclear translocation of beta-catenin was strongly associated with LGR5 expression (p = 0.003), however no significant association was identified between SATB2 expression and LGR5 expression status in CACs.

Conclusion
These findings suggest that the wider spectrum of tumor morphology in CAC may be associated with absence of a LGR5-expressing intestinal stem cell phenotype.
Hā Ora: secondary care barriers and enablers to early diagnosis of lung cancer for Māori communities
Authors: Kidd Jacquie , Cassim Shemana , Rolleston Anna , Chepulis Lynne , Hokowhitu Brendan , Keenan Rawiri , Wong Janice , Firth Melissa , Middleton Karen , Aitken Denise , Lawrenson Ross 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Lung Cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in Aotearoa New Zealand. Māori communities in particular have higher incidence and mortality rates from Lung Cancer. Diagnosis of lung cancer at an early stage can allow for curative treatment. This project aimed to document the barriers to early diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer in secondary care for Māori communities.

Methods
This project used a kaupapa Māori approach. Nine community hui (focus groups) and nine primary healthcare provider hui were carried out in five rural localities in the Midland region. Community hui included cancer patients, whānau (families), and other community members. Healthcare provider hui comprised staff members at the local primary healthcare centre, including General Practitioners and nurses. Hui data were thematically analysed.

Results
Barriers and enablers to early diagnosis of lung cancer were categorised into two broad themes: Specialist services and treatment, and whānau journey. The barriers and enablers that participants experienced in specialist services and treatment related to access to care, engagement with specialists, communication with specialist services and cultural values and respect, whereas barriers and enablers relating to the whānau journey focused on agency and the impact on whānau.

Conclusions
The study highlighted the need to improve communication within and across healthcare services, the importance of understanding the cultural needs of patients and whānau and a health system strategy that meets these needs. Findings also demonstrated the resilience of Māori and the active efforts of whānau as carers to foster health literacy in future generations.
Brazilian Portuguese version of the Amsterdam infant stool scale: a valid and reliable scale for evaluation of stool from children up to 120 days old
Authors: de Deus Silva Laura Cantisano , Bianchini Priscila Monaro , Ortolan Erika Veruska Paiva , Hamamoto Juliana Fattori , Fermiano Rosemary , Rego Rebeca Mayara Padilha , Lyra João César , Benninga Marc Alexander , de Arruda Lourenção Pedro Luiz Toledo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundFor newborns and infants wearing diapers the difficulties in characterizing the appearance of the stool are significant, since the changes in consistency, quantity, and color of the stool are higher than in other age groups. The Amsterdam Infant Stool Scale (AISS) was created and validated in 2009, providing a specific tool for the evaluation of the stool of children up to 120 days old. However, to be used in clinical practice and scientific investigations in Brazil, it is mandatory to perform the translation and cross-cultural adaptation process for Brazilian Portuguese language. Thus, we aim to perform the translation and cross-cultural adaptation of AISS into Brazilian Portuguese and to evaluate the psychometric properties of the translated version.MethodsThe process of translation and cross-cultural adaptation was performed according to the internationally accepted methodology, including: translation, summary of translations, backtranslation, preparation of the pre-final version, application of the pre-test and determination of the final version. The evaluation of the psychometric properties was performed through the application of Brazilian Portuguese AISS, by five examiners (including child health field specialists and a literate adult lay on the subject), analyzing 238 stool photographs of children under 120 days old. The intra and inter-examiner agreement values were determined using kappa statistic. The validity of the criterion was investigated through correlation analysis (Kendall’s coefficient) between the classifications determined by the non-specialist examiner and the expert examiners.ResultsIn all 30 tests performed between different examiners, there was an agreement considered as at least moderate (kappa values above 0.40). The intra-examiner reliability was considered as substantial (kappa> 0.6). There was a statistically significant correlation (p <  0.05) between the classifications determined by the examiners considered as specialists and the examiner considered as non-specialist.ConclusionThe Brazilian Portuguese AISS version proved to be valid and reliable to be used by healthcare professionals and the general public in the evaluation of stool from children up to 120 days old.
Neighbourhood and path-based greenspace in three European countries: associations with objective physical activity
Authors: Mueller William , Wilkinson Paul , Milner James , Vardoulakis Sotiris , Steinle Susanne , Pärkkä Juha , Parmes Eija , Cluitmans Luc , Kuijpers Eelco , Pronk Anjoeka , Sarigiannis Denis , Karakitsios Spyros , Chapizanis Dimitris , Maggos Thomas , Stamatelopoulou Asimina , Loh Miranda 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Greenspace has been associated with health benefits in many contexts. An important pathway may be through outdoor physical activity. We use a novel approach to examine the link between greenspace microenvironments and outdoor physical activity levels in the HEALS study conducted in Edinburgh (UK), the Netherlands, and Athens and Thessaloniki (Greece).

Methods
Using physical activity tracker recordings, 118 HEALS participants with young children were classified with regard to daily minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA); 60 were classified with regard to the metabolic equivalent task (MET)-minutes for each of the 1014 active trips they made. Greenspace indicators were generated for Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), tree cover density (TCD), and green land use (GLU). We employed linear mixed-effects models to analyse (1) daily MVPA in relation to greenspace within 300 m and 1000 m of residential addresses and (2) trip MET-minutes in relation to average greenspace within a 50 m buffer of walking/cycling routes. Models were adjusted for activity, walkability, bluespace, age, sex, car ownership, dog ownership, season, weekday/weekend day, and local meteorology.

Results
There was no clear association between MVPA-minutes and any residential greenspace measure. For example, in fully adjusted models, a 10 percentage point increase in NDVI within 300 m of home was associated with a daily increase of 1.14 (95% CI − 0.41 to 2.70) minutes of MVPA. However, we did find evidence to indicate greenspace markers were positively linked to intensity and duration of activity: in fully adjusted models, 10 percentage point increases in trip NDVI, TCD, and GLU were associated with increases of 10.4 (95% CI: 4.43 to 16.4), 10.6 (95% CI: 4.96 to 16.3), and 3.36 (95% CI: 0.00 to 6.72) MET-minutes, respectively. The magnitude of associations with greenspace tended to be greater for cycling.

Conclusions
More strenuous or longer walking and cycling trips occurred in environments with more greenspace, but levels of residential greenspace did not have a clear link with outdoor MVPA. To build on our research, we suggest future work examine larger, more diverse populations and investigate the influence of greenspace for trip purpose and route preference.