bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical Analysis by LC-MS of Cannabis sativa Root Samples from Northeast Brazil and Evaluation of Antitussive and Expectorant Activities
Authors: Menezes Pedro Modesto Nascimento , Pereira Emanuella Chiara Valença , Lima Kátia Simoni Bezerra , Silva Bismarques Augusto Oliveira da , Brito Mariana Coelho , Araújo Tarcísio Cícero de Lima , Neto Janaine Almeida , Ribeiro Luciano Augusto de Araujo , Silva Fabrício Souza , Rolim Larissa Araújo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Cannabis sativa is a millenary medicinal plant. However, contrary to worldwide paradigm-shifting, countries like Brazil still prohibit C. sativa cultivation and its medicinal use, even though many populations use aerial parts and roots of this plant for healthcare. As such, the objective of this work was to identify substances in the samples of the C. sativa roots, tracing a correlation with antitussive and expectorant effects. Therefore, samples of C. sativa roots were donated by the Polícia Federal Brasileira, and its aqueous extract (AECsR) was prepared with subsequent lyophilization, to maintain the material stability. After that, the material was analyzed by LC-MS to observe its chemical profile. Four samples (AECsR-A, B, C, and D) were tested in animal models of citric acid-induced cough (0.4 M) and phenol red expectoration (500 mg/kg). Using LC-MS it was possible to identify 5 molecules in C. sativa roots:
p-coumaroyltyramine, tetrahydrocannabinol-C4, feruoiltyramine, anhydrocanabisativine, and cannabisativine. In experimental protocols, male mice (Mus musculus) were treated with samples of AECsR at doses of 12.5, 25, or 50 mg/kg regardless of the pharmacological test. In these tests, all samples showed the potential to treat cough and promote fluid expectoration, differing only in the dose at which these effects were observed. Therefore, the data showed that the C. sativa roots of the Brazilian Northeast showed antitussive and expectorant effects, even with intense secondary metabolitesʼ variation, which alters its potency, but not its effect. This highlights the importance of this medicinal plant for future therapy and corroborates to traditional use.
New Perspectives for the Use of Potentilla alba Rhizomes to Treat Thyroid Gland Impairments
Authors: Augustynowicz Daniel , Podolak Magdalena , Latté Klaus Peter , Tomczyk Michał 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Potentilla alba is a valuable medicinal plant that has been highly praised even before its first appearance in herbal books; however, it has now been forgotten in Western Europe. Currently, this species is used in Eastern Europe as a remedy to treat dysentery and various thyroid gland dysfunctions. The present review summarizes the advances in the phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological research related to this plant species. Clinical trials that have been conducted to date support its traditional use for treating thyroid disorders, although its exact mechanism of action, bioavailability, and pharmacokinetics data are missing.
Chemistry of the Heterotriquinanes and Heterotriquinacenes
Authors: Mascal Mark , Hafezi Nema 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTriquinanes are tricyclic hydrocarbons that have fused cyclopentane rings. Although there are linear and angular triquinanes that are doubly fused, this Account focuses exclusively on the ‘triquinacane’, or triply fused structure with a heteroatom (nitrogen or oxygen) on the C
3v symmetry axis. Azatriquinane- and oxatriquinane-based species tend to show remarkable and often unexpected chemistry, and have variously comprised the most basic trialkyl amine, a superbasic proton chelate, trigonal pyramidal ligand platforms, novel calixiform hosts, aromatic hemispheres of hetero-C20 fullerenes, cocrystallizing agents for eliminating rotational disorder in fullerene crystals, the first water-stable, chromatographable trialkyloxonium species, the first isolable allylic oxonium species, world-record C–O bond lengths, rapid SN2 reaction at a tertiary center, and R4O2+ (oxadionium) species.1	Introduction2	Azatriquinane3	Azatriquinacene4	Aromatic Azatriquinacene-Based Systems5	Oxatriquinane6	Tetravalent Oxygen7	Oxatriquinacene8	The Future
Black Aorta from Alkaptonuria
Authors: Laurent James P. , Galvin Sean D. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA-76-year old male with a past history of alkaptonuria with ochronosis (homogentisic acid deposition in tissues) had symptomatic aortic stenosis. Surgical replacement of the valve was undertaken, and he was noted to have a severely pigmented and porcelain aorta.
Austria and the Global Compact on Migration: the ‘populist securitization’ of foreign policy
Authors: Müller Patrick , Gebauer Charlott 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBridging arguments between securitization theory and populist communication, this article shifts attention to the strategy of ‘populist securitization’. It argues that populist parties may seek to ‘securitize’ international political issues for the purpose of domestic political mobilization. Empirically, it demonstrates the relevance of populist securitization for the case of Austria’s foreign policy on the Global Compact on Migration during the coalition government (2017–2019) between the populist radical right Freedom Party (FPÖ) and the conservative People’s Party (ÖVP). The case study of the GCM elucidates the active interest populist parties like the FPÖ take in shaping foreign policy decisions that are close to their domestic political agenda. If successful, populist securitization can have a profound and sustained impact on the public perceptions of foreign policy issues and can create a sense of urgency about the need for an appropriate foreign policy response. In doing so, foreign policy becomes part of the game of domestic politics that can affect foreign policy decisions.
How long and how strong must a climatic anomaly be in order to evoke a social transformation? Historical and contemporaneous case studies
Authors: Ulus Tal , Ellenblum Ronnie 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn recent years, scholarly interest in the nexus between climate change and human societies has risen dramatically, and many researchers from different disciplines have begun studying the possible effects of climate change and climate anomalies on past and present societies. In this article, we join this lively debate, seeking to extend it by raising, and providing possible answers to, two fundamental questions: what type of climatic anomalies can undermine social stability? What duration and intensity are necessary to instigate structural change? When attempting to answer these questions, researchers tend to view short-term climatic events, such as storms or mudslides, as “unusual” events that instigate an “unusual” reality for temporary, and measurable, time periods. We argue, instead, that gradual and more “usual” climatic events, such as prolonged droughts or extended periods of untimely rains, impact societies in a more profound and “extraordinary” manner, and it is here that our paper meets the theme of the extraordinary and the usual, the axes of the current collection of essays. Based on qualitative examination of collapse periods in western Asia and northern China during the eleventh and early twelfth centuries, and a high-resolution re-examination of the crisis in Mali at the beginning of 2010, we argue that extended climate anomalies that cause decreases in the amount of available food are the anomalies that most affect the fate of human civilizations. While people can cope with short-term climate anomalies that cause periodical food crises, lasting a year or two, extended climate anomalies that affect the availability of food, like droughts, cold spells or untimely rains, can have disastrous, long-term effects: they accelerate decisive processes, push people to migrate outside their regions of residence, increase violence and religious extremism, and, ultimately, lead to structural changes in the societies that are affected by the crises.
Improving floral nectar storage on filter paper for sugar recovery
Authors: Amato Bianca , Petit Sophie , Schumann Russell 
Published: October 2021

Nectar analysis has been used to understand pollination systems, but nectar storage methods have rarely been considered as potential sources of inaccuracy in the recovery of data. Prompt nectar sugar analysis is not always possible and storage methods can affect results. We aimed to develop an effective method to store nectar on filter paper. Nectars from two subspecies of Eremophila maculata (Scrophulariaceae) and Strelitzia reginae (Strelitziaceae) were spotted on filter papers. Nectars were redissolved and assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography to determine the masses of sugars recovered from the papers from Day 0 to Day 30. We evaluated the effects of the method of elution, paper type and size, and storage treatments on sugar recovery. Liquid nectars were also stored in the refrigerator. Sugars were best eluted from filter papers in 15 mL of water and agitated for 1 min. Nectar sugars stored on small papers tended to be recovered more successfully than those stored on larger papers (significantly for glucose). Paper performed better than nylon for glucose. Desiccant had a marginal positive effect on nectar sugar recovery, and filter paper performed better than did refrigeration of liquid nectar for storage. If highly accurate measurements are needed, nectars should be eluted with large volumes of water from small filter papers stored with desiccant within a few days of collection.
SARS-CoV-2 evolution in animals suggests mechanisms for rapid variant selection
Authors: Bashor Laura , Gagne Roderick B. , Bosco-Lauth Angela M. , Bowen Richard A. , Stenglein Mark , VandeWoude Sue 
Published: October 2021

Significance
SARS-CoV-2 emerged because of viral spillover from animals to humans, and spillback to other animal species has been observed with accelerating frequency. Cross-species transmission generally results in the rapid adaptation of the virus to the new host, and repeated transmissions may hasten viral evolution and novel strain emergence. We report the surprisingly rapid selection of numerous SARS-CoV-2 variants in cell culture and following infection of nonhuman mammalian hosts, including dogs and cats. These molecular changes in SARS-CoV-2 provide insight into mechanisms of viral host adaptation, lay the groundwork for additional studies assessing dominant variant fitness and phenotype, and highlight the potential for human reinfection with new viral variants arising in species in close and frequent contact with humans.
Fevers and the social costs of acute infection in wild vervet monkeys
Authors: McFarland Richard , Henzi S. Peter , Barrett Louise , Bonnell Tyler , Fuller Andrea , Young Christopher , Hetem Robyn S. 
Published: October 2021

Significance
Using state-of-the-art biologging technology, we document the occurrence of fevers in wild vervet monkeys and demonstrate that fevers coincide with overt sickness behavior. In so doing, we demonstrate a hidden cost of sociality: Febrile animals were twice as likely to receive aggression from their group mates and were six times more likely to be wounded following the onset of a fever. Sick animals were targeted when least able to fight back, potentially improving the attacker’s social status and further reducing a sick animal’s survival prospects. Understanding disease transmission dynamics requires greater attention to the ways in which social structure can change as a result of infection and how such shifts can influence future patterns of transmission.
Serum apolipoprotein A-I depletion is causative to silica nanoparticles–induced cardiovascular damage
Authors: Liu Xuting , Wei Wei , Liu Zixuan , Song Erqun , Lou Jianlin , Feng Lingfang , Huang Rongchong , Chen Chunying , Ke Pu Chun , Song Yang 
Published: October 2021

Significance
To address a crucial knowledge deficiency concerning the correlation between nanoparticles (NPs) exposure and cardiovascular diseases, here we present a toxicological mechanism for inhaled NPs by delineating their interactions with the biomacromolecules encountered en route. In biological ambience, NPs are known to spontaneously adsorb proteins, thereby acquiring a new biological identity and further entailing pathological prospects. Here, we found that silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) specifically adsorbed apolipoprotein A-I (Apo A-I) in the blood to ameliorate their cytotoxicity, while a rapid clearance of SiNPs from the bloodstream depleted plasma Apo A-I and facilitated SiNPs-induced atherosclerosis. This study is a demonstration of the relationship between plasma protein adsorption and cardiovascular damage induced by engineered NPs.
Live agent preference and social action monitoring in the macaque mid-superior temporal sulcus region
Authors: Ninomiya Taihei , Noritake Atsushi , Isoda Masaki 
Published: October 2021

SignificanceDuring live social interactions, there is increased demand for mentalizing about others to cope with otherwise unpredictable manifestations of their behavior. Anatomically, the middle superior temporal sulcus (mid-STS) region is hypothesized to be the macaque homologue of the human temporoparietal junction (TPJ), a key node in the mentalizing network. However, whether the macaque mid-STS is the functional homologue of the human TPJ is unknown. Here, we provide single-neuron evidence that the two areas share similar properties in social cognitive functions despite differences in anatomical landmarks. Our findings demonstrate that mid-STS neurons have a preference for task performance with live over video-recorded partners and encode errors in the prediction of partners’ actions, both aspects being cardinal features of the human TPJ.
Going city
Authors: Schoenmakers Gert-Jan , Storment John David 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In certain varieties of Dutch spoken among young people, the preposition and determiner in locative and
directional PPs can sometimes be omitted. We argue on the basis of language data taken from Twitter and intuitions of young
speakers of Dutch that nominal arguments in these constructions do not have a DP layer, the absence of which leads to a special
interpretation. The option to omit the preposition is related to the structural and semantic complexity of the verb. The bare
construction is possible only with simple verbs, and not with manner-of-motion verbs. We present an analysis that accounts for the
non-pronunciation of prepositions in directional predicates by claiming that they can be licensed through incorporation into the
verb. This type of incorporation is blocked if the verb is structurally complex.
The productivity of Dutch diminutives
Authors: van Tuijl Rosita , Coopmans Peter 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This study reports on an investigation of the productivity of the Dutch diminutive paradigm, which gives rise to
five suffixal allomorphs, against the background of Yang’s (2016) Tolerance Principle.
It shows how, by studying the frequency of the allomorphs and the environments in which they occur, we can use the Tolerance
Principle to determine if a productive rule system can be found for the Dutch diminutives. In doing so, we also describe how we
collected the necessary data by setting up a corpus study on Dutch diminutives, including a specific one with data from child
directed speech.
‘Between’ constructions in Biblical Hebrew
Authors: Zwarts Joost 
Published: October 2021

AbstractUnlike its English counterpartbetween, the Biblical Hebrew (BH) prepositionbêndoes not allow a conjoined object (between A and B), but it uses additional prepositions in two typologically unusual patterns:bên A wə-bên B‘between A and-between B’ andbên A lə-B‘between A to-B’. This article shows that these two patterns, and their equivalence with the English one, can be accounted for semantically, on the basis of the underlying filter behaviour of the ‘betweenness’ meaning.
Active and passive transductions—definitions and implications for learning
Authors: Svensson Kim , Lundqvist Jennie , Campos Esmeralda , Eriksson Urban 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
To move between different semiotic systems, such as graphs and formulas, is a necessary step in learning physics or solving problems. In social semiotics, this movement of semiotic material is called a transduction and during a transduction a student must unpack, filter, and highlight different aspects of the concept or problem. Unpacking, filtering, and highlighting have been shown to be important to the meaning-making process and transductions should be seen as indicators of meaning-making and learning. However, in this paper we argue that not all transductions performed by students requires unpacking, filtering, or highlighting, and hence the definition of transduction needs to be refined in its description. We introduce the ideas of passive and active transductions that separates transductions that may lead to meaning-making from transductions that may not. This separation is done through shown engagement with the semiotic material of the transduction. We connect shown engagement with the semiotic material to the already established anatomy of disciplinary discernment to create a useful tool when evaluating student engagement and discernment. In the paper, we showcase examples of passive and active transductions and provide a short description of how to identify them in different learning situations.
Two-dimensional collisions of disks and spheres
Authors: Cross Rod 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
An oblique collision between two spheres or two disks is usually analysed by ignoring the friction force between the objects. In the present paper, effects of the friction force are examined explicitly to analyse oblique collisions between two circular objects. Two distinct collision modes are described, one where the friction force is due to sliding friction and one where static friction dominates. Experimental results are presented for oblique collisions of two ice hockey pucks. This type of collision could be investigated as a student project, for example by colliding two coins on a smooth horizontal surface or two pucks on an air table.
Stability for the Calderón’s problem for a class of anisotropic conductivities via an ad hoc misfit functional
Authors: Foschiatti Sonia , Gaburro Romina , Sincich Eva 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We address the stability issue in Calderón’s problem for a special class of anisotropic conductivities of the form σ = γA in a Lipschitz domain

Ω
⊂

R

n

, n ⩾ 3, where A is a known Lipschitz continuous matrix-valued function and γ is the unknown piecewise affine scalar function on a given partition of Ω. We define an ad hoc misfit functional encoding our data and establish stability estimates for this class of anisotropic conductivity in terms of both the misfit functional and the more commonly used local Dirichlet-to-Neumann map.
Development of MEMS composite sensor with temperature compensation for tire pressure monitoring system
Authors: Zhang Jiahong , Wang Chao , Xie Xiaolu , Li Min , Li Ling , Mao Xiaoli 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The pressure and temperature inside the tire is mainly monitored by the tire pressure monitoring system (TPMS). In order to improve the integration of the TPMS system, moreover enhance the sensitivity and temperature-insensitivity of pressure measurement, this paper proposes a microelectromechanical (MEMS) chip-level sensor based on stress-sensitive aluminum–silicon hybrid structures with amplified piezoresistive effect and temperature-dependent aluminum–silicon hybrid structures for hardware and software temperature compensations. Two types of aluminum–silicon hybrid structures are located inside and outside the strained membrane to simultaneously realize the measurement of pressure and temperature. The model of this composite sensor chip is firstly designed and verified for its effectiveness by using finite element numerical simulation, and then it is fabricated based on the standard MEMS process. The experiments indicate that the pressure sensitivity of the sensor is between 0.126 mV/(V·kPa) and 0.151 mV/(V·kPa) during the ambient temperature ranges from −20 °C to 100 °C, while the measurement error, sensitivity and temperature coefficient of temperature-dependent hybrid structures are individually ±0.91 °C, −1.225 mV/(V °C) and −0.150% °C−1. The thermal coefficient of offset (TCO) of pressure measurement can be reduced from −3.553%FS °C−1 to −0.375%FS °C−1 based on the differential output of the proposed sensor. In order to obtain the better performance of temperature compensation, Elman neural network based on ant colony algorithm is applied in the data fusion of differential output to further eliminate the temperature drift error. Based on which, the overall measured error is within 3.45 kPa, which is less than ±1.15%FS. The TCO is −0.017%FS °C−1, and the thermal coefficient of span is −0.020%FS °C−1. The research results may provide a useful reference for the development of the high-performance MEMS composite sensor for the TPMS system.
Bogoliubov theory of a Bose–Einstein condensate of rigid rotor molecules
Authors: Smith Joseph C , Rittenhouse Seth T , Wilson Ryan M , Peden Brandon M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We consider a BEC of rigid rotor molecules confined to quasi-2D through harmonic trapping. The molecules are subjected to an external electric field which polarizes the gas, and the molecules interact via dipole–dipole interactions. We present a description of the ground state and low-energy excitations of the system including an analysis of the mean-field energy, polarization, and stability. Under large electric fields the gas becomes fully polarized and we reproduce a well known density-wave instability which arises in polar BECs. Under smaller applied electric fields the gas develops an in-plane polarization leading to the emergence of a new global instability as the molecules ‘tilt’. The character of these instabilities is clarified by means of momentum-space density–density structure factors. A peak at zero momentum in the spin–spin structure factor for the in-plane component of the polarization indicates that the tilt instability is a global phonon-like instability.
A model study on superfluidity of a unitary Fermi gas of atoms interacting with a finite-ranged potential
Authors: Mal Subhanka , Deb Bimalendu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We calculate Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer (BCS) state of a unitary Fermi gas of atoms interacting with the finite-ranged Jost-Kohn potential which has been recently shown to account for the resonant interactions (2019 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 52 165004). Using exact scattering solution of the potential, we derive two-body T-matrix element which is employed to construct the BCS Hamiltonian in momentum space. We present results on the energy- and range-dependence of the pairing gap and superfluid density and the range-dependence of the chemical potential for a wide variation of the scattering length including the unitary regime. In the zero range limit our calculated gap at the Fermi energy is found to be nearly equal to that calculated in mean-field theory with contact potential. The mean gap averaged over the full width at half maximum of the gap function in the zero range and unitary limits is found to be 0.42E
F which is quite close to the recent result of the quantum Monte-Carlo simulation (2018 Phys. Rev. A 97 013601). The chemical potential in the zero range limit also agrees well with that for the contact potential.