bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcome analysis of 95 harness racehorses with confirmed dorsal displacement of the soft palate treated with laryngeal tie‐forward surgery
Authors: Vermedal Hanna , O’Leary John Mark , Fjordbakk Cathrine T. , McAloon Conor G. , Løkslett Hege , Stadsnes Birgitte , Fretheim‐Kelly Zoe L. , Strand Eric 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe laryngeal tie‐forward (LTF) procedure is commonly used to treat intermittent dorsal displacement of the soft palate (iDDSP). There is a wide range in reported efficacy of treating horses with and without a definitive diagnosis of iDDSP.ObjectivesTo evaluate the racing performance of harness racehorses in which iDDSP had been definitely diagnosed and treated solely with the LTF procedure.Study designRetrospective case series.MethodsNinety‐five harness racehorses were treated with LTF for confirmed iDDSP. A definite diagnosis of iDDSP was made with high‐speed treadmill or overground endoscopy. Upper respiratory tract (URT) disorders, short‐term complications, and horses returning for recurrence of URT problems were recorded. Performance before and after LTF was assessed by reviewing career race records and comparing performance index (PI), and racing speed marks from the baseline, preoperative, and postoperative periods. The effect of basihyoid‐cricoid (BC) net distance shortened on racing performance was assessed.ResultsPostoperatively, PI increased in 36/54 (67%, 95% CI 54%‐79%) of experienced racehorses, and 44/67 (66%, 54%‐77%) established or improved their racing speed mark relative to the preoperative period. As a group, PI decreased by a mean (SE) of 0.9 (0.17) points (P < .001) prior to diagnosis/surgery. Postoperatively, PI increased by 0.5 (0.16) points (P = .003), and racing speed improved by 0.83 (0.22) s (P < .001). Twenty‐five percent (17%‐34%) and 49% (39%‐60%) of horses did not demonstrate a decline in PI and racing speed prior to diagnosis, respectively. Net BC distance shortening did not affect performance postoperatively. Twenty of 95 horses (21%, 13%‐29%) had confirmed recurrence of iDDSP 46‐708 days postoperatively.Main limitationsNot all horses were evaluated with exercising endoscopy postoperatively. Racehorses inevitably develop other racing‐related problems which confound studies of this nature.ConclusionsThis study provides scientific support for the use of LTF to treat iDDSP in harness racehorses although iDDSP seems to affect harness racehorses differently as individuals.
Effect of food intake on the pharmacokinetics of rivoceranib in healthy subjects
Authors: Sachar Madhav , Park Cheol Hee , Pesco‐Koplowitz Luana , Koplowitz Barry , McGinn Arlo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRivoceranib is a selective inhibitor of VEGFR‐2 being developed for the treatment of solid tumor. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of food on bioavailability as well as single‐ and multiple‐dose pharmacokinetics (PKs) of 81 and 201 mg doses of rivoceranib. The study was conducted as a two‐part study. In Part 1 (single ascending dose (SAD), open‐label, crossover study design), 2 oral doses of rivoceranib (81 mg or 201 mg) were given to all healthy subjects with a minimum 3‐day washout period between dosing. Part 2 was a multiple ascending dose (MAD), open‐label, crossover design where subjects were divided based on 81 and 201 mg doses. Both doses were administered with and without food in a crossover manner for the SAD and MAD parts. 24 healthy subjects completed Part 1 and 20 subjects completed Part 2. For the 81 mg dose in the SAD and MAD parts of the study, their food effect was not observed. For the 201 mg dose in both parts, food appeared to increase bioavailability by 20%–30% in Part 1, and 30%–40% in Part 2. Median tmax value was delayed when rivoceranib was administered with food at each dose level in both parts of the study. Dose proportionality was confirmed only for the AUC0‐∞ value from Part 1‐fasted cohort but inconclusive for Cmax and AUC parameters under other dosing regimens. In conclusion, rivoceranib when taken with food delays tmax appears to increase bioavailability at 201 mg dose.
Financial consequences of reputational damage: Evidence from government economic incentives
Authors: Blank D. Brian , Hadley Brandy , Unsal Omer 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe investigate and quantify the financial consequences of corporate reputation by using manually assembled litigation, fraud, and cyberattack data from 2000 to 2018 to measure reputation changes following events that are often tied to public scrutiny. We examine the role of reputation in government subsidy awards and find reputational damage is linked to lower subsidies and Mega Deals, particularly tax‐related and state government awards. Moreover, subsidies only relate to higher firm value for firms without reputational damage. Our findings suggest that reputation is an important determinant of relatively opaque economic incentive awards and that reputational damage constrains the benefits thereof.
Silicate minerals as a direct source of limiting nutrients: Siderophore synthesis and uptake promote ferric iron bioavailability from olivine and microbial growth
Authors: Van Den Berghe Martin , Merino Nancy , Nealson Kenneth H. , West A. Joshua 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIron is a micronutrient critical to fundamental biological processes including respiration and photosynthesis, and it can therefore impact primary and heterotrophic productivity. Yet in oxic environments, iron is highly insoluble, rendering it, in principle, unavailable as a nutrient for biological growth. Life has “solved” this problem via the invention of iron chelates, known as siderophores, that keep iron available for microbial productivity. In this work, we examined the impact of siderophore synthesis on the speciation, mobility, and bioavailability of iron from rock‐forming silicate minerals—shedding new light on the mechanisms by which microbes use mineral substrates to support primary productivity, as well as the consequent effects on silicate dissolution. Growth experiments were performed with Shewanella oneidensis MR‐1 in an oxic, iron‐depleted minimal medium, amended with olivine minerals as the sole source of iron. Experiments included the wild‐type strain MR‐1, and a siderophore synthesis gene deletion mutant strain (ΔMR‐1). Relative to MR‐1, ΔMR‐1 exhibited a very pronounced growth penalty and an extended lag phase. However, substantial growth of ΔMR‐1, comparable to MR‐1 growth, was observed when the mutant strain was provided with siderophores in the form of either filtrate from a well‐grown MR‐1 culture, or commercially available deferoxamine. These observations suggest that siderophores are critical for S. oneidensis to acquire iron from olivine. Growth‐limiting concentrations of deferoxamine amendments were observed to be ≤5–10 µM, concentrations significantly lower than previously recorded as necessary to impact mineral dissolution rates. X‐ray photoelectric spectroscopy analyses of the incubated olivine surfaces suggest that siderophores deplete mineral surface layers of ferric iron. Combined, these results demonstrate that low micromolar concentrations of siderophores can effectively mobilize iron bound within silicate minerals, supporting very significant biological growth in limiting environments. The specific mechanism would involve siderophores removing a protective layer of nanometer‐thick iron oxides, enhancing silicate dissolution and nutrient bioavailability.
Effect of early intensive rehabilitation on the clinical outcomes of patients with acute stroke
Authors: Oyanagi Keiichi , Kitai Takeshi , Yoshimura Yoshihiro , Yokoi Yuki , Ohara Nobuyuki , Kohara Nobuo , Sakai Nobuyuki , Honda Akihiro , Onishi Hideaki , Iwata Kentaro 
Published: June 2021

AimIntensive rehabilitation effectively improves physical functions in patients with acute stroke, but the frequency of intervention and its cost‐effectiveness are poorly studied. This study aimed to examine the effect of early high‐frequency rehabilitation intervention on inpatient outcomes and medical expenses of patients with stroke.MethodsThe study retrospectively included 1759 patients with acute stroke admitted to the Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital between 2013 and 2016. Patients with a transient ischemic attack, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and those who underwent urgent surgery were excluded. Patients were divided into two groups according to the frequency of rehabilitation intervention: the high‐frequency intervention group (>2 times/day, n = 1105) and normal‐frequency intervention group (<2 times/day, n = 654). A modified Rankin scale score ≤2 at discharge, immobility‐related complications and medical expenses were compared between the groups.ResultsThe high‐frequency intervention group had a significantly shorter time to first rehabilitation (median [interquartile range], 19.0 h [13.1–38.4] vs. 24.7 h [16.1–49.4], P < 0.001) and time to first mobilization (23.3 h [8.7–47.2] vs. 22.8 h [5.7–62.3], P = 0.65) than the normal‐frequency intervention group. Despite higher disease severity, the high‐frequency intervention group exhibited favorable outcomes at discharge (modified Rankin scale, ≤2; adjusted odds ratio, 1.89; 95% confidence interval, 1.25–2.85; P = 0.002). No significant differences were observed between the two groups concerning the rate of immobility‐related complications and total medical expenses during hospitalization.ConclusionsHigh‐frequency intervention was associated with improved outcomes and decreased medical expenses in patients with stroke. Our results may contribute to reducing medical expenses by increasing the efficiency of care delivery. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 623–628.
Association of regional white matter hyperintensity volumes with cognitive dysfunction and vascular risk factors in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Hirao Kentaro , Yamashita Fumio , Sakurai Shu , Tsugawa Akito , Haime Rieko , Fukasawa Raita , Sato Tomohiko , Kanetaka Hidekazu , Umahara Takahiko , Sakurai Hirofumi , Hanyu Haruo , Shimizu Soichiro 
Published: June 2021

AimWhite matter hyperintensities (WMH) obtained by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been reported to promote neurodegeneration and cognitive decline in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, little is known about the association between regional WMH (rWMH) and cognitive dysfunction in MCI. We hence investigated the associations between rWMH volumes and cognitive dysfunction in MCI.MethodsThirty‐eight subjects with amnestic MCI were analysed. The volumes of periventricular hyperintensities (PVH) and deep WMH (DWMH) were measured on a T2‐FLAIR MRI using a 3D‐slicer, and regional PVH and DWMH (rPVH and rDWMH) volumes were calculated. The associations of rPVH and rDWMH volumes with cognition and blood levels of various molecules were investigated. Furthermore, rPVH and rDWMH volumes were compared between MCI with vascular risk factors, such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), and dyslipidemia, and those without these risk factors.ResultsrPVH volume (bilateral cornu frontale, pars parietalis, and cornu occipitale) positively correlated with Trail Making Test‐A/B scores and CysC level, whereas rDWMH volume did not correlate with any of the items. rPVH volumes (right cornu frontale, bilateral pars parietalis and cornu occipitale, and right pars temporalis) and rDWMH volumes (left frontal and parietal lobes) were significantly larger in MCI patients with DM than in those without.ConclusionsPVH volumes (bilateral areas of cornu frontale, pars parietalis, and cornu occipitale) were closely associated with attention and executive dysfunction. Serum CysC level and DM were associated with WMH volume, suggesting that CysC level and DM might be important markers for determining treatment strategies for white matter abnormalities in MCI. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 644–650.
Dihydroergotamine infusion for pediatric refractory headache: A retrospective chart review
Authors: Srouji Rasha , Schenkel Sara R. , Forbes Peter , Cahill Jennifer E. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundHeadaches are a common symptom in children. Children with refractory headaches may be admitted for inpatient treatment with intravenous dihydroergotamine mesylate (DHE). However, very few studies have characterized these patients and their treatment outcomes using validated, self‐reported, pain scales.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to describe demographic and clinical characteristics of children admitted for DHE infusion, determine DHE treatment outcomes by means of numeric pain scale ratings, and explore associations between treatment outcomes and clinical characteristics.MethodsRetrospective chart review was completed in patients ages 5–21 admitted for DHE infusion from January 2013 to July 2018 at a large, pediatric academic medical center and community‐based satellite center. All primary headache types were included.ResultsA total of 200 unique admissions for DHE were available for analysis. Overall, patients were predominantly White (87.5%, 175/200) and female (80.0%, 160/200) with an average age of 15.4 years (SD 2.3). Common comorbidities included obesity (42.0%, 81/193), anxiety (41.0%, 82/200), and depression (20.0%, 40/200). The mean length of stay was 2.4 days (SD 1.10; range 1–8 days). Most headaches (65.0%, 130/200) met the International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition criteria for migraine, followed by new daily persistent headache (25.5%, 51/200). Mean DHE maximum dose was 5.3 (SD 2.17; range 0.5–14.5 mg) with most patients requiring 3.5–6.5 mg. DHE was typically terminated at six doses (range 1–15). The most frequently reported adverse event was nausea (5.5%, 11/200). There was no difference in pain severity at admission across headache types, with an average baseline pain score of 8.1 (SD 1.6). Posttreatment reduction in pain score was statistically significant (range: −3.2 to −4.9; each p < 0.001) across all headache types. Overall, 84.0% (168/200) of the patients had some improvement in pain. More than half of the patients (53.5%, 107/200) showed at least moderate improvement (≥50.0% reduction in pain score), and 18.0% (36/200) had full headache resolution. Limited patients (16.0%, 32/200) experienced no improvement in pain.ConclusionsTreatment with DHE resulted in at least some improvement for most patients regardless of headache type or number of doses. Clinical trials stratified by headache type and comorbid factors could help clarify treatment algorithms to optimize patient outcomes.
A scoping review of practice recommendations for clinicians’ communication of uncertainty
Authors: Medendorp Niki M. , Stiggelbout Anne M. , Aalfs Cora M. , Han Paul K. J. , Smets Ellen M. A. , Hillen Marij A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundHealth‐care providers increasingly have to discuss uncertainty with patients. Awareness of uncertainty can affect patients variably, depending on how it is communicated. To date, no overview existed for health‐care professionals on how to discuss uncertainty.ObjectiveTo generate an overview of available recommendations on how to communicate uncertainty with patients during clinical encounters.Search strategyA scoping review was conducted. Four databases were searched following the PRISMA‐ScR statement. Independent screening by two researchers was performed of titles and abstracts, and subsequently full texts.Inclusion criteriaAny (non‐)empirical papers were included describing recommendations for any health‐care provider on how to orally communicate uncertainty to patients.Data extractionData on provided recommendations and their characteristics (eg, target group and strength of evidence base) were extracted. Recommendations were narratively synthesized into a comprehensible overview for clinical practice.ResultsForty‐seven publications were included. Recommendations were based on empirical findings in 23 publications. After narrative synthesis, 13 recommendations emerged pertaining to three overarching goals: (a) preparing for the discussion of uncertainty, (b) informing patients about uncertainty and (c) helping patients deal with uncertainty.Discussion and conclusionsA variety of recommendations on how to orally communicate uncertainty are available, but most lack an evidence base. More substantial research is needed to assess the effects of the suggested communicative approaches. Until then, health‐care providers may use our overview of communication strategies as a toolbox to optimize communication about uncertainty with patients.Patient or public contributionResults were presented to stakeholders (physicians) to check and improve their practical applicability.
A comparative study of Kimura’s disease and IgG4‐related disease: similarities, differences and overlapping features
Authors: Wang Xingen , Ng Chi‐Sing , Yin Weihua 
Published: June 2021

AimsTo compare the fibroinflammatory diseases Kimura’s disease (KD) and immunoglobulin (Ig)G4‐related disease (IgG4RD) and to explore their possible relationship.Methods and resultsForty‐six cases of KD and 29 IgG4RD from our institution diagnosed from 2011 to 2020 were studied. They were compared with each other on clinical, pathological and immunohistological features. There were similar clinical features, except that IgG4RD affected an older patient population, with more frequent salivary gland involvement and KD affected head and neck lymph nodes, and showed blood eosinophilia more frequently than IgG4RD. IgG4RD exhibited frequent storiform fibrosis and obliterative phlebitis, while KD showed more frequent tissue eosinophilia, eosinophilic abscess, germinal centre eosinophilic deposit and vascularisation. Twenty to 30% of KD had more than 50 IgG4+ plasma cells (PC) per high‐power field (HPF) and IgG4/IgG+PC ratio exceeding 40%. These parameters, however, occurred in 100% of IgG4RD. Significantly more KD had >10 IgE+PC/HPF and lymphoid germinal centre IgE reticular staining compared to IgG4RD. All these histological and immunohistological features are overlapping in the two diseases, although they differed with statistical significance.ConclusionOur study confirmed that there is significant overlap in clinical, pathological and immunohistological features between KD and IgG4RD. It is important to recognise these overlapping features, and correlation with a clinicopathological picture is required in differential diagnoses. The overlapping features also suggest a possible close relationship between KD and IgG4RD, which could represent different facets of a continuous fibroinflammatory disease spectrum.
PRINCIPLES OF NARRATIVE REASON
Authors: IMAZ‐SHEINBAUM MARIANA 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTJouni‐Matti Kuukkanen has theorized that narrative does not involve rational content. Rather, he suggested, narrative is only a descriptive practice consisting of singular statements. Kuukkanen thus divorced the rational and narrative frameworks, arguing that historiography belongs to the former and not the latter. This article establishes a new conceptual framework that provides a revised understanding of narrative as a rational practice. I argue that the principles of organization brought to light by the Gestalt school of experimental psychology illuminate the underlying organizational logic that historians engage with when constructing narratives. To illustrate how these principles operate in historical narratives and how they are rational, I examine classic historical works such as Karl Marx's introduction of the concept of surplus value; Giambattista Vico's Autobiography and Jacob Burckhardt's The Civilization of the Renaissance; Reinhart Koselleck's Futures Past; and E. P. Thompson's The Making of the English Working Class and Johan Huizinga's Waning of the Middle Ages. My analysis shows that narrative entails its own kind of explanatory structure. It is a way of thinking that provides meaning and structure to that which is otherwise unstructured and undetermined. Finally, my new framework offers a foundation for the rational evaluation of narratives by showing how the context of discovery and the context of justification cannot be separated in the case of narrative histories.
REQUIRED: A THEORY OF ALLOWABLE GAPS
Authors: Gorman Jonathan 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTThis review essay on Paul A. Roth's The Philosophical Structure of Historical Explanation follows Roth in accepting the notion of a “narrative sentence” (from Danto's Analytical Philosophy of History) and takes up Roth's view that a narrative explanation elucidates that which it constructs. I also analyze the “relating of events” within a temporal frame, but I come to different conclusions than Roth does: I deny any necessary connection between a narrative explanation and a narrative sentence and object to Roth's insistence on “nonstandardization” as a necessary feature of a narrative explanation. I argue that a “passage of time” is characteristic of all our descriptions, regardless of whether they are scientific, historical, or anything else. Like Roth, I draw on the work of W. V. O. Quine to address the pragmatic question of how large a “unit of empirical significance” is to be, and I show that different practical situations may require different practical decisions about what sizes of unit are required, with whole narratives being units of significance in themselves. Problems of the epistemic structure of narratives remain, and I argue that relating a passage of time requires a theory that enables us to preclude any temporal gaps. A theory of conceptual linkage of any stripe seems incapable of doing that.
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices associated with personal health care on urticaria in peripheral health facilities of Yaoundé, Cameroon (Sub‐Saharan Africa)
Authors: Kouotou Emmanuel Armand , Nansseu Jobert Richie N. , Tounouga Dahlia Noelle , Otsali Noa Raissa Katy , Ndjitoyap Ndam Elie Claude 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundUrticaria is an acute or chronic inflammatory dermatosis that is characterized by erythematous, edematous, itchy, and transient urticarial plaques that cover the skin and mucous membranes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge of consulting staff on urticaria in Yaoundé, Cameroon, as well as the attitudes and practices resulting from it.MethodsWe conducted a descriptive cross‐sectional study. The participants were enrolled from January to April 2017 in 25 health facilities in Yaoundé, Cameroon. The sample consisted of health personnel including doctors, nurses, and nursing aids. Data were collected using a self‐administered questionnaire; the evaluation scores for each heading were established. Data processing was done using the SPSS software Version 21.ResultsWe recruited 101 participants, with a sex ratio of 0.4 (73/101 were female); 44.6% of the participants were doctors, and 50% of our participants had less than 5 years of professional experience. The level of knowledge on urticaria was insufficient for 40.6% of the staff enrolled. Attitudes towards urticaria were incorrect for 36.6% of staff, and 95% of our sample had harmful practices.ConclusionOur study reveals that skills of the health care provider regarding urticaria are generally poor and do not enable them to ensure an adequate management of the disease.