bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ATTR amyloidosis during the COVID-19 pandemic: insights from a global medical roundtable
Authors: Brannagan Thomas H. , Auer-Grumbach Michaela , Berk John L. , Briani Chiara , Bril Vera , Coelho Teresa , Damy Thibaud , Dispenzieri Angela , Drachman Brian M. , Fine Nowell , Gaggin Hanna K. , Gertz Morie , Gillmore Julian D. , Gonzalez Esther , Hanna Mazen , Hurwitz David R. , Khella Sami L. , Maurer Mathew S. , Nativi-Nicolau Jose , Olugemo Kemi , Quintana Luis F. , Rosen Andrew M. , Schmidt Hartmut H. , Shehata Jacqueline , Waddington-Cruz Marcia , Whelan Carol , Ruberg Frederick L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe global spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection causing the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has raised serious concern for patients with chronic disease. A correlation has been identified between the severity of COVID-19 and a patient’s preexisting comorbidities. Although COVID-19 primarily involves the respiratory system, dysfunction in multiple organ systems is common, particularly in the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, immune, renal, and nervous systems. Patients with amyloid transthyretin (ATTR) amyloidosis represent a population particularly vulnerable to COVID-19 morbidity due to the multisystem nature of ATTR amyloidosis.Main bodyATTR amyloidosis is a clinically heterogeneous progressive disease, resulting from the accumulation of amyloid fibrils in various organs and tissues. Amyloid deposition causes multisystem clinical manifestations, including cardiomyopathy and polyneuropathy, along with gastrointestinal symptoms and renal dysfunction. Given the potential for exacerbation of organ dysfunction, physicians note possible unique challenges in the management of patients with ATTR amyloidosis who develop multiorgan complications from COVID-19. While the interplay between COVID-19 and ATTR amyloidosis is still being evaluated, physicians should consider that the heightened susceptibility of patients with ATTR amyloidosis to multiorgan complications might increase their risk for poor outcomes with COVID-19.ConclusionPatients with ATTR amyloidosis are suspected to have a higher risk of morbidity and mortality due to age and underlying ATTR amyloidosis-related organ dysfunction. While further research is needed to characterize this risk and management implications, ATTR amyloidosis patients might require specialized management if they develop COVID-19. The risks of delaying diagnosis or interrupting treatment for patients with ATTR amyloidosis should be balanced with the risk of exposure in the health care setting. Both physicians and patients must adapt to a new construct for care during and possibly after the pandemic to ensure optimal health for patients with ATTR amyloidosis, minimizing treatment interruptions.
Modulating innate immune activation states impacts the efficacy of specific Aβ immunotherapy
Authors: Levites Yona , Funk Cory , Wang Xue , Chakrabarty Paramita , McFarland Karen N. , Bramblett Baxter , O’Neal Veronica , Liu Xufei , Ladd Thomas , Robinson Max , Allen Mariet , Carrasquillo Minerva M. , Dickson Dennis , Cruz Pedro , Ryu Danny , Li Hong-Dong , Price Nathan D. , Ertekin-Taner NIlüfer , Golde Todd E. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Passive immunotherapies targeting Aβ continue to be evaluated as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) therapeutics, but there remains debate over the mechanisms by which these immunotherapies work. Besides the amount of preexisting Aβ deposition and the type of deposit (compact or diffuse), there is little data concerning what factors, independent of those intrinsic to the antibody, might influence efficacy. Here we (i) explored how constitutive priming of the underlying innate activation states by Il10 and Il6 might influence passive Aβ immunotherapy and (ii) evaluated transcriptomic data generated in the AMP-AD initiative to inform how these two cytokines and their receptors’ mRNA levels are altered in human AD and an APP mouse model.

Methods
rAAV2/1 encoding EGFP, Il6 or Il10 were delivered by somatic brain transgenesis to neonatal (P0) TgCRND8 APP mice. Then, at 2 months of age, the mice were treated bi-weekly with a high-affinity anti-Aβ1–16 mAb5 monoclonal antibody or control mouse IgG until 6 months of age. rAAV mediated transgene expression, amyloid accumulation, Aβ levels and gliosis were assessed. Extensive transcriptomic data was used to evaluate the mRNA expression levels of IL10 and IL6 and their receptors in the postmortem human AD temporal cortex and in the brains of TgCRND8 mice, the later at multiple ages.

Results
Priming TgCRND8 mice with Il10 increases Aβ loads and blocks efficacy of subsequent mAb5 passive immunotherapy, whereas priming with Il6 priming reduces Aβ loads by itself and subsequent Aβ immunotherapy shows only a slightly additive effect. Transcriptomic data shows that (i) there are significant increases in the mRNA levels of Il6 and Il10 receptors in the TgCRND8 mouse model and temporal cortex of humans with AD and (ii) there is a great deal of variance in individual mouse brain and the human temporal cortex of these interleukins and their receptors.

Conclusions
The underlying immune activation state can markedly affect the efficacy of passive Aβ immunotherapy. These results have important implications for ongoing human AD immunotherapy trials, as they indicate that underlying immune activation states within the brain, which may be highly variable, may influence the ability for passive immunotherapy to alter Aβ deposition.
Maternal temperament and character: associations to child behavior at the age of 3 years
Authors: Agnafors Sara , Bladh Marie , Ekselius Lisa , Svedin Carl Göran , Sydsjö Gunilla 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
The influence of maternal temperament on child behavior, and whether maternal temperament impact boys and girls differently is not thoroughly studied. The aim was to investigate the impact of maternal temperament and character on child externalizing and internalizing problems at age 3.

Methods
A birth-cohort of 1723 mothers and their children were followed from birth to age 3. At the child’s age of 3 months, the mothers filled out standardized instruments on their temperament and character using the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) and depressive symptoms using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). At the child’s age of 3 years, the mothers reported on child behavior using the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL).

Results
Maternal temperamental trait novelty seeking was positively associated with externalizing problems in the total population and in girls. Harm avoidance was positively associated with externalizing problems in the total population and in boys, and with internalizing problems in the total population and boys and girls respectively. Maternal character traits of self-directedness and cooperativeness were negatively associated with both externalizing and internalizing problems in the total population and in boys and girls respectively.

Conclusions
Maternal character traits were more influential on child behavior than were temperamental traits, and thus the opportunities for intervention targeted at parental support are good. Maternal mental health and socioeconomic aspects also increased the risk for child behavior problems, indicating the need for recognition and support in clinical settings.
VANET simulators: an updated review
Authors: Weber Julia Silva , Neves Miguel , Ferreto Tiago 
Published: May 2021

AbstractResearch on VANETs (vehicular ad hoc networks) date back to the beginning of the 2000s. The possibility of enabling communication between vehicles through a wireless network stimulated the creation of new protocols, devices, and diverse utilization scenarios. Due to the intrinsic difficulties of using a real testbed to evaluate these research contributions, several simulators were developed at the time. Recently, with the advent of autonomous vehicles and the emergence of novel technologies (e.g., 5G and edge computing), new research challenges on VANETs are coming into sight. Therefore, revisiting VANET simulators is required to identify if they are still capable of evaluating these new scenarios. This paper presents an updated review of VANET simulators, showing their current state and capabilities to assess novel scenarios in VANET research. Based on this analysis, we identify open research challenges that should be addressed in current and future VANET simulators.
Student test-taking effort in low-stakes assessments: evidence from the English version of the PISA 2015 science test
Authors: Pools Elodie , Monseur Christian 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe idea of using low-stakes assessment results is often mentioned when designing educational system reforms. However, when tests have no consequences for the students, test takers may not make enough effort when completing the test, and their lack of engagement may negatively affect the validity of the conclusions of the studies that use such tests. This article presents analyses of student test-taking engagement in a low-stakes international large-scale assessment, the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), and (i) quantifies test-taking effort, (ii) predicts effort by means of expectancy-value proxies and (iii) investigates the relationship between effort and science proficiency.MethodsStudents’ response times on the science items of PISA 2015 were used to derive an index of test-taking effort. Data from six English-speaking countries that administered the computer-based version of the test, were selected. The response time for each item was modelled by means of a two-class finite mixture model, and students’ probabilities of being classified as effortful were combined to derive a global index of effort.ResultsOur findings showed that students’ effort decreased towards the end of the testing sessions. The variance of examinees’ test-taking effort was not substantially explained by the expectancy-value variables. Test-taking effort had a strong relationship with science achievement, with the correlation increasing to more than 0.5 towards the end of the test. Moreover, an important part of the relationship between test-taking effort and achievement is not related to other student characteristics, such as gender, socio-economic and cultural status, attitude towards school or attitude towards science.ConclusionsThis study shows that students put different amounts of effort into test taking, especially towards the end of the assessment, and suggests a possible underestimation of related student achievement that may affect the interpretation of test scores.
Effect of a simple core muscle training program on trunk muscle strength and neuromuscular control among pediatric soccer players
Authors: Kumahara Ryotaro , Sasaki Shizuka , Sasaki Eiji , Kimura Yuka , Yamamoto Yuji , Tsuda Eiichi , Ishibashi Yasuyuki 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of simple core muscle training (CMT) program on trunk muscle strength and neuromuscular control among pediatric athletes.

Methods
Forty-nine male soccer players (mean age, 10.8 years) participated. The CMT program had three components (bench, side bench, and Nordic hamstrings) and was performed at least three times weekly for a year. Trunk flexion/extension muscle strength and the K/H ratio (determined by dividing knee separation distance by hip separation distance during drop-jump test and used as an index of lower limb valgus alignment) were measured, and the Y balance test (YBT) was performed before and after intervention. This study did not include the pure control group among the same team. To consider the effect of CMT on trunk muscle strength due to physical growth, we used the data of trunk muscle strength from the local cohort study previously conducted in our institution. One hundred participants who matched the age, height, body weight, and body mass index of the training group was designated as a control group.

Results
In the training group, the trunk flexion/extension strength significantly increased at 6 months (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively) and 12 months (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively) compared to initial value. The K/H ratio at initial contact and maximum knee flexion phase significantly increased at 6 months (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively); however, it did not increase at 12 months (p = 0.384 and p = 0.070, respectively) compared to the initial value. In the YBT, the maximized reach distance in each direction significantly increased after intervention on both the dominant and non-dominant sides, except in the posteromedial direction on the non-dominant foot. Compared to the control group, although there was no significant difference in trunk flexion/extension strength at baseline (p = 0.141 and p = 0.390, respectively), the training group showed significantly higher trunk flexion/extension muscle strength at 12 months (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively).

Conclusion
The CMT program increased trunk muscle strength and improved dynamic balance among pediatric male athletes.

Level of evidence
Level II
The reproduction of working class? Social mobility and the stratification of parenting practice in urban Chinese families
Authors: Tian Felicia F. , Jing Yongchao 
Published: May 2021

AbstractParenting practice, an embodied cultural capital, is class based. The findings of this study showed that in urban Chinese families, the middle class was inclined to adopt the practice of concerted cultivation while the working class was inclined to adopt the practice of natural growth. However, those who were born in working-class families but were able to achieve upward mobility to the middle class were more likely to adopt similar practices to those who stayed in the middle class; those who were born in middle-class families but moved downward were able to retain some aspects of parenting practices similar to those who stayed in the middle class. The findings of the unbalanced reproduction of parenting practice do not support the argument that class boundaries have solidified in Chinese society.
In vitro antimalarial activity evaluation of two ethnomedicinal plants against chloroquine sensitive and resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Gogoi Neelutpal , Gogoi Bhaskarjyoti , Chetia Dipak 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
In this study, we selected two medicinal plants Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr. and Artemisia nilagirica (C.B. Clarke) Pamp. on the basis of their traditional use in the treatment of fever associated with malaria in Assam (India) and evaluated their antimalarial potential against Plasmodium falciparum strains.

Methods
The properly processed plant parts of C. maxima (Burm.) Merr. and A. nilagirica (C.B. Clarke) Pamp. were extracted with different solvents from nonpolar to polar by cold maceration technique. After that antimalarial activities of the extracts were evaluated against both chloroquine sensitive (3D7) and resistant (RKL-9) strains of P. falciparum using Giemsa staining light microscopy technique. The most active extract(s) was further screened for cytotoxicity potential against murine macrophage RAW264.7 cell line using MTT assay. Then preliminary phytochemical screening and qualitative fingerprint analysis of the active extract(s) were done to check the presence of different secondary metabolites.

Results
From the in vitro study, the hydro-alcoholic extract of C. maxima (Burm.) Merr. and methanol extract of A. nilagirica (C.B. Clarke) Pamp. were found to be the most active against both 3D7 and RKL-9 strains. In the cytotoxicity study, the CC50 values of the active extracts were found to be > 100 μg/ml, which suggested the safety of the extracts. Then phytochemical and fingerprint analysis revealed the presence of various important plant secondary metabolites in both the extracts.

Conclusion
The findings of this study confirmed the presence of antimalarial potential of hydro-alcoholic extract of C. maxima (Burm.) Merr. and methanol extract of A. nilagirica (C.B. Clarke) Pamp without having any toxic effect. Both the extracts showed IC50 values below 5 μg/ml against 3D7 and RKL-9 strains.
Field evaluation of two entomopathogenic fungi; Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae as a biocontrol agent against the spiny bollworm, Earias insulana Boisduval (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on cotton plants
Authors: Lotfy Dalia El Sayed , Moustafa Hemat Zakaria 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
The Earias spp. are devastating pests which reduce cotton yield up to 40% as seed cotton. Efficacy of Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana as bio-insecticides were investigated against the spiny bollworm, Earias insulana Boisduval (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), under field conditions in Egypt throughout two successive seasons 2018 and 2019.

Results
Results showed E. insulana population reduction during both seasons after bio-insecticidal applications. M. anisopliae strains (S1, S2) treatments showed significant reductions in the mean numbers of infested bolls with E. insulana after 14 days from the 1st spray. Reduction percentages of E. insulana infestation reached to 77.74 and 76.51% respectively, after application of M. anisopliae strains (S1, S2) treatments; then, the infestation reduction percentages increased to 88.48 and 85.41% after the 2nd spray by the same fungal strains; then, the infestation reduction percentages increased to 90.16 and 90.84% after 3rd spray of the same fungal strains in season 2018. In 2019 season, the infestation reduction percentages of E. insulana was 85.48 and 80.75%, after the 1st spray of M. anisopliae strains (S1, S2), respectively, which increased to 92.40 and 89.87%, after 14 days from the 2nd spray by the two fungal strains respectively, and then increased to 94.12 and 93.73%, after 14 days from the 3rd spray of M. anisopliae (S1 and S2) respectively. In season 2018, the infestation reduction percentage of E. insulana by B. bassiana strains (S1, S2) recorded 73.09 and 71.89%, respectively and 81.04 and 82.89% respectively, in season 2019, after 14 days of the 1st spray. While after the 2nd spray of the two tested B. bassiana strains, the infestation reduction percentage of E. insulana was 85.41 and 85.41% respectively, in season 2018, whereas it was 89.16 and 89.16% respectively, in season 2019. Then after 14 days of the 3rd spray by the same fungus strains, the reduction percentage of E. insulana increased to 86.56 and 85.35%, respectively, in season 2018, and 90.83 and 90.83% in season 2019.

Conclusions
Tested strains of B. bassiana and M. anisopliae fungi proved their potential for decreasing E. insulana infestation percentages through 2–3 spray treatments under field conditions.
Evaluation of level I neck nodes involvement in advanced malignancy of the larynx and the hypopharynx
Authors: Hassan Osama Mohamed , Mansour Hisham , Metwaly Osama , Salah Mohamed 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Advanced cancer larynx and hypopharynx has high potentiality to nodal spread. Level of lymph node metastasis highly depends on site and stage of laryngopharyngeal carcinoma. Level I cervical lymph node dissection was performed to advanced laryngeal and/or hypopharyngeal tumors in this study.

Results
According to our statistical analysis and data, none of those thirty patients had pathologically positive level I neck lymph nodes after dissection with only one patient suffered from marginal mandibular nerve affection and three patients complained of dry mouth post-operatively, confirming the result that there is no need for prophylactic level I neck dissection in the absence of clinically palpable suspicious lymph nodes.

Conclusion
Although it carries relative low morbidity, there is no need for prophylactic level I neck dissection in advanced laryngeal and/or hypopharyngeal cancer patients without clinically detectable nodal metastases “N0 neck.”
Clinical, societal and personal recovery in schizophrenia spectrum disorders across time: states and annual transitions
Authors: Castelein Stynke , Timmerman Marieke E. ,   PHAMOUS investigators, van der Gaag Mark , Visser Ellen 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundRecovery in schizophrenia is a complex process, involving clinical, societal and personal recovery. Until now, studies analysed these domains separately, without examining their mutual relations and changes over time.AimsThis study aimed to examine different states of recovery and transition rates between states.MethodThe Pharmacotherapy Monitoring and Outcome Survey (2006–2017) yearly assesses patients with schizophrenia in the Northern Netherlands. Data from 2327 patients with one up to 11 yearly measurements on clinical, societal and personal recovery were jointly analysed with a mixture latent Markov model (MLMM).ResultsThe selected MLMM had four states that differed in degree and pattern of recovery outcomes. Patients in state 1 were least recovered on any domain (16% of measurements), and partly recovered in states 2 (25%; featured by negative symptoms) and 3 (21%; featured by positive symptoms). Patients in state 4 (38%) were most recovered, except for work, study and housekeeping. At the subsequent measurement, the probability of remaining in the same state was 77–89%, transitioning to a better state was 4–12% and transitioning to a worse state was 4–6%; no transitions occurred between states 1 and 4. Female gender, shorter illness duration and less schizophrenia were more prevalent in better states.ConclusionsQuite a high recovery rate was present among a substantial part of the measurements (38%, state 4), with a high probability (89%) of remaining in this state. Transition rates in the other states might increase to a more favourable state by focusing on adequate treatment of negative and positive symptoms and societal problems.
Predictive Performance of Oximetry to Detect Sleep Apnea in Patients Taking Opioids
Authors: Waseem Rida , Wong Jean , Ryan Clodagh , Chung Frances 
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND:
Long-term use of opioids for treatment of chronic pain is associated with significant risks including worsening unrecognized or untreated sleep apnea that may increase morbidity and mortality. Overnight oximetry has been validated for predicting sleep apnea in surgical and sleep clinic patients. The objective of the study was to assess the predictive accuracy of oxygen desaturation index (ODI 4%) from home overnight oximetry when compared to apnea hypopnea index (AHI) from polysomnography for predicting sleep apnea in patients taking opioids for chronic pain.

METHODS:
This was a planned post hoc analysis of a prospective cohort study conducted at 5 pain clinics. Patient characteristics and daily morphine milligram equivalent (MME) dose were recorded. All consented patients underwent home overnight oximetry (PULSOX-300i, Konica Minolta Sensing, Inc, Osaka, Japan) and in-laboratory polysomnography. The predictive performance of ODI 4% from oximetry was assessed against AHI from polysomnography.

RESULTS:
Among 332 consented patients, 181 with polysomnography and overnight oximetry data were analyzed. The mean age and body mass index of 181 patients were 52 ± 13 years and 29 ± 6 kg/m2, respectively, with 40% men. The area under the receiver operating curve for ODI to predict moderate-to-severe sleep apnea (AHI ≥15 events/h) and severe sleep apnea (AHI ≥30 events/h) was 0.82 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.75-0.88) and 0.87 (95% CI, 0.80-0.94). ODI ≥5 events/h had a sensitivity of 85% (95% CI, 74-92) and specificity of 57% (95% CI, 52-61) to predict moderate-to-severe sleep apnea. ODI ≥15 events/h had a sensitivity of 71% (95% CI, 55-83) and specificity of 88% (95% CI, 84-91) to predict severe sleep apnea.

CONCLUSIONS:
Overnight home oximetry has a high predictive performance in predicting moderate-to-severe and severe sleep apnea in patients on opioids for chronic pain. It is a useful additional tool for health care providers for the screening of sleep apnea in this high-risk group.