bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The lived experience of HIV-infected patients in the face of a positive diagnosis of the disease: a phenomenological study
Authors: Imani Behzad , Zandi Shirdel , khazaei Salman , Mirzaei Mohamad 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
AIDS as a human crisis may lead to devastating psychological trauma and stress for patients. Therefore, it is necessary to study different aspects of their lives for better support and care. Accordingly, this study aimed to explain the lived experience of HIV-infected patients in the face of a positive diagnosis of the disease.

Methods
This qualitative study is a descriptive phenomenological study. Sampling was done purposefully and participants were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data collection was conducted, using semi-structured interviews. Data analysis was performed using Colaizzi’s method.

Results
12 AIDS patients participated in this study. As a result of data analysis, 5 main themes and 12 sub-themes were identified, which include: emotional shock (loathing, motivation of social isolation), the fear of the consequences (fear of the death, fear of loneliness, fear of disgrace), the feeling of the guilt (feeling of regret, feeling guilty, feeling of conscience-stricken), the discouragement (suicidal ideation, disappointment), and the escape from reality (denial, trying to hide).

Conclusion
The results of this study showed that patients will experience unpleasant phenomenon in the face of the positive diagnosis of the disease and will be subjected to severe psychological pressures that require attention and support of medical and laboratory centers.
COVID-19 in renal transplant recipients and general population: a comparative study of clinical, laboratory, and radiological features, severity, and outcome
Authors: Monfared Ali , Akhondzadeh Leila , Mousazadeh Mahsa , Jafari Atefeh , Khosravi Masoud , Lebadi Mohammadkazem , Aghajanzadeh Pegah , Haghdar-Saheli Yalda , Movassaghi Ali , Ramezanzadeh Elham , Shobeirian Farzaneh , Kazemnezhad Ehsan , Esmaeili Samaneh 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a novel disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has led to millions of deaths worldwide. Kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) are a fragile population due to their immunosuppressed status. However, there are limited studies available comparing this population with the general population regarding clinical symptoms, and laboratory and imaging features as well as disease severity and clinical outcomes.

Methods
A total of 24 KTRs and 40 patients from the general population (control group) were enrolled after applying exclusion criteria. Clinical symptoms, laboratory values, and lung involvement patterns in high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) were compared between KTRs with COVID-19 and their counterparts from the general population. Moreover, the category of disease severity and adverse outcomes such as intensive care unit (ICU) admission, mechanical ventilation (MV), and mortality rate were also compared between these two groups.

Results
Hypertension was significantly higher among KTRs. Dyspnea was significantly more among the control group (P = 0.045). There was no significant difference in the rest of clinical symptoms (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in CT features as well, except pleural effusion, which was more prevalent in the control group. A lower absolute lymphocytic count (ALC) and platelet count were observed in KTRs. Renal transplant recipients (RTRs) had a higher elevation in creatinine level than their counterparts. The ICU admission, MV, duration of hospital stay, and mortality as adverse outcomes were not significantly different between the KTR and control groups.

Conclusion
In conclusion, there was no significant difference in the severity and risk of adverse outcomes, including MV, ICU admission, and mortality between KTRs under chronic immunosuppression and the control group.
Sine scleroderma, limited cutaneous, and diffused cutaneous systemic sclerosis survival and predictors of mortality
Authors: De Almeida Chaves Sébastien , Porel Tiphaine , Mounié Mickael , Alric Laurent , Astudillo Léonardo , Huart Antoine , Lairez Olivier , Michaud Martin , Prévot Grégoire , Ribes David , Sailler Laurent , Gaches Francis , Adoue Daniel , Pugnet Gregory 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is associated with a variability of mortality rates in the literature.

Objective
To determine the mortality and its predictors in a long-term follow-up of a bi-centric cohort of SSc patients.

Methods
A retrospective observational study by systematically analyzing the medical records of patients diagnosed with SSc in Toulouse University Hospital and Ducuing Hospital. Standardized Mortality Ratio (SMR), mortality at 1, 3, 5, 10, and 15 years of disease and causes of death were described. Predictors of mortality using Cox regression were assessed.

Results
Three hundred seventy-five patients were included: 63 with diffuse cutaneous SSc, 279 with limited cutaneous SSc, and 33 with sine scleroderma. The SMR ratio was 1.88 (95% CI 1.46–1.97). The overall survival rates were 97.6% at 1 year, 93.4% at 3 years, 87.1% at 5 years, 77.9% at 10 years, and 61.3% at 15 years. Sixty-nine deaths were recorded. 46.4% were SSc related deaths secondary to interstitial lung disease (ILD) (34.4%), pulmonary hypertension (31.2%), and digestive tract involvement (18.8%). 53.6% were non-related to SSc: cardiovascular disorders (37.8%) and various infections (35.1%) largely distanced those from cancer (13.5%). Four significant independent predictive factors were identified: carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (DLCO) < 70% (HR=3.01; p=0.0053), C-reactive protein (CRP) >5 mg/l (HR=2.13; p=0.0174), cardiac involvement (HR=2.86; p=0.0012), and the fact of being male (HR=3.25; p=0.0004).

Conclusion
Long-term data confirmed high mortality of SSc. Male sex, DLCO <70%, cardiac involvement, and CRP> 5mg/l were identified as independent predictors of mortality.
Genome insights of Enterococcus raffinosus CX012922, isolated from the feces of a Crohn’s disease patient
Authors: Zhao Hailan , Peng Yao , Cai Xunchao , Zhou Yongjian , Zhou Youlian , Huang Hongli , Xu Long , Nie Yuqiang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Enterococcus raffinosus is one of the Enterococcus species that often cause nosocomial infections. To date, only one E. raffinosus genome has been completely assembled, and the genomic features have not been characterized. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of the strain CX012922, isolated from the feces of a Crohn’s disease patient, and perform a comparative genome analysis to the relevant Enterococcus spp. strains in silico.

Results
De novo assembly of the sequencing reads of the strain CX012922 generated a circular genome of 2.83 Mb and a circular megaplasmid of 0.98 Mb. Phylogenomic analysis revealed that the strain CX012922 belonged to the E. raffinosus species. By comparative genome analysis, we found that some strains previously identified as E. raffinosus or E. gilvus should be reclassified as novel species. Genome islands (GIs), virulence factors, and antibiotic genes were found in both the genome and the megaplasmid, although pathogenic genes were mainly encoded in the genome. A large proportion of the genes encoded in the megaplasmid were involved in substrate utilization, such as raffinose metabolism. Giant megaplasmids (~1 Mb) equipped with toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems generally formed symbiosis relationships with the genome of E. raffinosus strains.

Conclusions
Enterococcus spp. have a higher species-level diversity than is currently appreciated. The pathogenicity of E. raffinosus is mainly determined by the genome-encoded virulence factors, while the megaplasmid broadens the gene function pool. The symbiosis between the genome and the megaplasmids endows E. raffinosus with large genomic sizes as well as versatile gene functions, especially for their colonization, adaptation, virulence, and pathogenesis in the human gut.
Automated left atrial strain analysis for predicting atrial fibrillation in severe COVID-19 pneumonia: a prospective study
Authors: Beyls Christophe , Hermida Alexis , Bohbot Yohann , Martin Nicolas , Viart Christophe , Boisgard Solenne , Daumin Camille , Huette Pierre , Dupont Hervé , Abou-Arab Osama , Mahjoub Yazine 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most documented arrhythmia in COVID-19 pneumonia. Left atrial (LA) strain (LAS) analysis, a marker of LA contractility, have been associated with the development of AF in several clinical situations. We aimed to assess the diagnostic ability of LA strain parameters to predict AF in patients with severe hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia. We conducted a prospective single center study in Amiens University Hospital intensive care unit (ICU) (France). Adult patients with severe or critical COVID-19 pneumonia according to the World Health Organization definition and in sinus rhythm were included. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed within 48 h of ICU admission. LA strain analysis was performed by an automated software. The following LA strain parameters were recorded: LA strain during reservoir phase (LASr), LA strain during conduit phase (LAScd) and LA strain during contraction phase (LASct). The primary endpoint was the occurrence of AF during ICU stay.

Results
From March 2020 to February of 2021, 79 patients were included. Sixteen patients (20%) developed AF in ICU. Patients of the AF group were significantly older with a higher SAPS II score than those without AF. LAScd and LASr were significantly more impaired in the AF group compared to the other group (− 8.1 [− 6.3; − 10.9] vs. − 17.2 [− 5.0; − 10.2] %; P < 0.001 and 20.2 [12.3;27.3] % vs. 30.5 [23.8;36.2] %; P = 0.002, respectively), while LASct did not significantly differ between groups (p = 0.31). In a multivariate model, LAScd and SOFA cv were significantly associated with the occurrence of AF. A LAScd cutoff value of − 11% had a sensitivity of 76% and a specificity of 75% to identify patients with AF. The 30-day cumulative risk of AF was 42 ± 9% with LAScd > − 11% and 8 ± 4% with LAScd ≤ − 11% (log rank test P value < 0.0001).

Conclusion
For patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia, development of AF during ICU stay is common (20%). LAS parameters seem useful in predicting AF within the first 48 h of ICU admission.
Trial registration: NCT04354558.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the epidemiology of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Teoh Seth En , Masuda Yoshio , Tan Darren Jun Hao , Liu Nan , Morrison Laurie J. , Ong Marcus Eng Hock , Blewer Audrey L. , Ho Andrew Fu Wah 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has significantly influenced epidemiology, yet its impact on out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate the impact of the pandemic on the incidence and case fatality rate (CFR) of OHCA. We also evaluated the impact on intermediate outcomes and clinical characteristics.

Methods
PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases were searched from inception to May 3, 2021. Studies were included if they compared OHCA processes and outcomes between the pandemic and historical control time periods. Meta-analyses were performed for primary outcomes [annual incidence, mortality, and case fatality rate (CFR)], secondary outcomes [field termination of resuscitation (TOR), return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), survival to hospital admission, and survival to hospital discharge], and clinical characteristics (shockable rhythm and etiologies). This study was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) (CRD42021253879).

Results
The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a 39.5% increase in pooled annual OHCA incidence (p < 0.001). Pooled CFR was increased by 2.65% (p < 0.001), with a pooled odds ratio (OR) of 1.95 for mortality [95% confidence interval (95%CI) 1.51–2.51]. There was increased field TOR (OR = 2.46, 95%CI 1.62–3.74). There were decreased ROSC (OR = 0.65, 95%CI 0.55–0.77), survival to hospital admission (OR = 0.65, 95%CI 0.48–0.89), and survival to discharge (OR = 0.52, 95%CI 0.40–0.69). There was decreased shockable rhythm (OR = 0.73, 95%CI 0.60–0.88) and increased asphyxial etiology of OHCA (OR = 1.17, 95%CI 1.02–1.33).

Conclusion
Compared to the pre-pandemic period, the COVID-19 pandemic period was significantly associated with increased OHCA incidence and worse outcomes.
Gram-negative bacteria and their lipopolysaccharides in Alzheimer’s disease: pathologic roles and therapeutic implications
Authors: Kim Hyeon soo , Kim Sujin , Shin Soo Jung , Park Yong Ho , Nam Yunkwon , Kim Chae won , Lee Kang won , Kim Sung-Min , Jung In Duk , Yang Hyun Duk , Park Yeong-Min , Moon Minho 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most serious age-related neurodegenerative disease and causes destructive and irreversible cognitive decline. Failures in the development of therapeutics targeting amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau, principal proteins inducing pathology in AD, suggest a paradigm shift towards the development of new therapeutic targets. The gram-negative bacteria and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are attractive new targets for AD treatment. Surprisingly, an altered distribution of gram-negative bacteria and their LPS has been reported in AD patients. Moreover, gram-negative bacteria and their LPS have been shown to affect a variety of AD-related pathologies, such as Aβ homeostasis, tau pathology, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration. Moreover, therapeutic approaches targeting gram-negative bacteria or gram-negative bacterial molecules have significantly alleviated AD-related pathology and cognitive dysfunction. Despite multiple evidence showing that the gram-negative bacteria and their LPS play a crucial role in AD pathogenesis, the pathogenic mechanisms of gram-negative bacteria and their LPS have not been clarified. Here, we summarize the roles and pathomechanisms of gram-negative bacteria and LPS in AD. Furthermore, we discuss the possibility of using gram-negative bacteria and gram-negative bacterial molecules as novel therapeutic targets and new pathological characteristics for AD.
Frictional heating in a thick fault zone with empirical slip-weakening friction: implications for slip parameter estimation from temperature observations in deep fault drilling
Authors: Kaneki Shunya 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe strain energy released during an earthquake is consumed by processes related to seismic radiation or dissipation. Deep fault drilling and subsequent temperature measurements in a thick fault zone immediately after an event have provided important insights into this dissipation process. By employing an analytical solution to the heat conduction problem, which involves the sudden injection of an infinitesimally thin heat source into an infinite medium, previous drilling projects have estimated the strength of the heat source and the level of shear stress from observed temperature anomalies. However, it is unclear under what conditions this analytical source solution can be regarded as a good approximation for the thick fault problem, a situation which has led to uncertainty of the approximation error in these previous studies. In this study, I first derived an analytical solution for the thick fault problem that accounted for experimentally derived slip-weakening friction. I then validated the derived solution both analytically and numerically. Using the derived thick solution, I next demonstrated that the thick, planar, and source solutions can be considered equivalent under the typical conditions of the previous drilling projects. Therefore, the slip parameters estimated by using the source solution obtained by these studies are appropriate. These results suggest that coseismic information with spatio-temporal extent, such as shear stress and friction coefficient, are lost due to heat diffusion when the temperature observations are conducted; thus, they cannot be inferred directly from observed temperature anomalies. These results also suggest that for most drilling projects, including future ones, the observed temperature distribution can be well explained by using the source solution instead of the thick solution as long as coseismic slip is not markedly delocalized and the spatial extent of the temperature measurements is not significantly larger than the diffusion length.
Laparoscopic repair of femoral hernia involving the bladder with coexisting indirect inguinal hernia in a young man: a case report
Authors: Yokoi Ryoma , Yamada Shigetoshi , Hatanaka Yuji , Kato Hiroki 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Bladder hernias are rare conditions that are difficult to diagnose preoperatively; many cases are diagnosed intraoperatively or postoperatively due to bladder injury. Most bladder hernias are direct inguinal hernias that involve the bladder in obese men older than 50 years old. We describe a rare case of a left femoral hernia involving the bladder in a young man.

Case presentation
A 32-year-old man with a bulge in the left inguinal region underwent laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal repair. Laparoscopy revealed a left indirect inguinal hernia. When the preperitoneal space was dissected toward the Retzius space along the vesicohypogastric fascia, the bladder was found to be protruding into the femoral ring and adhere to the hernial orifice severely. The bladder was reduced carefully without causing injury. After dissection, we repaired the left myopectineal orifice with a mesh. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 1 without complications. No recurrences or symptoms were noted at the 12-month follow-up.

Conclusions
A femoral hernia involving the bladder in a young man is rare. This case demonstrated that dissection along anatomical landmarks is important for preventing injuries to the bladder because even young men may have bladder hernias.
Urinary Incontinence in Competitive Women Powerlifters: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Wikander Lolita , Kirshbaum Marilynne N. , Waheed Nasreena , Gahreman Daniel E. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Urinary incontinence (UI) can negatively affect a woman’s quality of life, participation in sport and athletic performance. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of UI in competitive women powerlifters; identify possible risk factors and activities likely to provoke UI; and establish self-care practices.

Methods
This international cross-sectional study was conducted using an online survey completed by 480 competitive women powerlifters aged between 20 and 71 years. The Incontinence Severity Index (ISI) was used to determine the severity of UI.

Results
We found that 43.9% of women had experienced UI within the three months prior to this study. The deadlift was the most likely, and the bench-press the least likely exercise to provoke UI. ISI scores were positively correlated with parity (τ = 0.227, p < 0.001), age (τ = 0.179, p < 0.001), competition total (τ = 0.105, p = 0.002) and body mass index score (τ = 0.089, p = 0.009). There was no significant correlation between ISI and years strength training (τ = − 0.052, p = 0.147) or years powerlifting (τ = 0.041, p = 0.275). There was a negative correlation between ISI score with having a pelvic floor assessment (η = 0.197), and the ability to correctly perform pelvic floor exercises (η = 0.172).

Conclusion
The prevalence of UI in this cohort was at the upper limit experienced by women in the general population. Women who had undergone a pelvic floor examination or were confident in correctly performing pelvic floor exercises experienced less severe UI.
Characterization of endophytic yeast and its suppressive effect on root rotting fungi of tomato under neem cake soil amendment
Authors: Jamal Ayesha , Farhat Hafiza , Urooj Faizah , Rahman Afshan , Irfan Muhammed , Ehteshamul-Haque Syed 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe exposure of crops to a variety of fungal and bacterial pathogens leads to huge economic losses. Different strategies are being adapted to control these diseases among which the application of chemicals fungicide is common. However, these chemicals are posing a serious threat to the environment. For biological management of root rot disease of tomato and better fruit quality, studies were conducted on the possible use of endophytic yeast as a biocontrol agent.ResultsEndophytic yeasts were isolated from healthy plants and identified. Identification of selected isolates was confirmed on the basis of 18S rDNA gene sequencing. They were evaluated for suppressive effect on root rotting fungi in vitro and also in vivo on tomato plants, used alone or under neem cake soil amendment. Seventy-six isolates of yeasts were evaluated against root rotting fungiFusarium oxysporum, F. solani, Rhizoctonia solaniandMacrophomina phaseolinausing dual culture plate assay. Seventy-five isolates were found to suppress radial growth ofF. oxysporum, F. solaniandM. phaseolinaby producing zones of inhibition or lysing the fungal hyphae. However, none of the isolates was found to inhibitR. solaniin vitro.Most of the isolates also caused nematicidal activity at varying degree againstMeloidogyne javanica.All test isolates produced indole acetic acid in vitro and solubilized phosphorus. In pots and field plot experiments, test isolates of yeasts were able to suppress root rotting fungi on tomato in natural soil and soil amended with neem cake with enhancement of growth of tomato plants. Yeasts were also found to ameliorate the plant resistance through enhancing polyphenolic contents, salicylic acid and antioxidant activity.ConclusionsEndophytic yeasts were found effective against root rot disease of tomato and could be used as a potential biocontrol agent for the management of soil-borne diseases of tomatoes.
Non-extensive statistical mechanics and the thermodynamic stability of FRW universe
Authors: Liu Yang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this article, we investigate the thermodynamic stability of the FRW universe for two examples, Tsallis entropy and loop quantum gravity, by considering non-extensive statistical mechanics. The heat capacity, free energy and pressure of the universe are obtained. For the Tsallis entropy model, we obtained the constraint for β, namely,

. The free energy of a thermal equilibrium universe must be less than zero. We suggest that the reason for the accelerated expansion of the universe is not because of Tsallis entropy. Similar results are obtained for loop quantum gravity. However, since the values of

and q cannot be determined in this model, the results become more subtle than that in the Tsallis entropy model. In addition, we compare the results for the universe with those for a Schwarzschild black hole.