bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of captive and wild 13-lined ground squirrel cecal microbiotas using Illumina-based sequencing
Authors: Chiang Edna , Deblois Courtney L. , Carey Hannah V. , Suen Garret 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Hibernating animals experience extreme changes in diet that make them useful systems for understanding host-microbial symbioses. However, most of our current knowledge about the hibernator gut microbiota is derived from studies using captive animals. Given that there are substantial differences between captive and wild environments, conclusions drawn from studies with captive hibernators may not reflect the gut microbiota’s role in the physiology of wild animals. To address this, we used Illumina-based sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene to compare the bacterial cecal microbiotas of captive and wild 13-lined ground squirrels (TLGS) in the summer. As the first study to use Illumina-based technology to sequence the microbiotas of an obligate rodent hibernator, we also reported changes in captive TLGS microbiotas across the year (summer, winter, and spring).
Results
Wild TLGS microbiotas had greater richness and phylogenetic diversity with less variation in beta diversity when compared to captive microbiotas. Taxa identified as core operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and found to significantly contribute to differences in beta diversity were primarily in the families Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae. Captive TLGS microbiotas shared phyla and core OTUs across the year, but active season (summer and spring) microbiotas had different alpha and beta diversities than winter season microbiotas.
Conclusions
This is the first study to compare the microbiotas of captive and wild rodent hibernators. Our findings suggest that data from captive and wild ground squirrels should be interpreted separately due to their distinct microbiotas. Additionally, as the first study to investigate the microbiotas of obligate rodent hibernators using Illumina-based 16S rRNA sequencing, we reported seasonal changes in captive TLGS microbiotas that are consistent with previous work. Taken together, this study provides foundational information for improving the reproducibility and experimental design of future hibernation microbiota studies.
Immunosuppressive niche engineering at the onset of human colorectal cancer
Authors: Gatenbee Chandler , Baker Ann-Marie , Schenck Ryan , Strobl Maximilian , West Jeffrey , Neves Margarida , Hasan Sara , Lakatos Eszter , Martinez Pierre , Cross William , Jansen Marnix , Rodriguez-Justo Manuel , Whelan Christopher , Sottoriva Andrea , Leedham Simon , Robertson-Tessi Mark , Graham Trevor , Anderson Alexander 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The evolutionary dynamics of tumor initiation remain undetermined, and the interplay between neoplastic cells and the immune system is hypothesized to be critical in transformation. Colorectal cancer (CRC) presents a unique opportunity to study the transition to malignancy as pre-cancers (adenomas) and early stage cancers are frequently detected and surgically removed. Here, we demonstrate a key role for the immune response in tumor initiation by studying tumor-immune eco-evolutionary dynamics from pre-cancer to carcinoma using a computational model, ecological analysis of digital pathology data, and multi-region exome sequencing and neoantigen prediction in a total of 62 patient samples. Modelling indicates there are several potential routes to malignancy, each of which uniquely sculpts tumor ecology and intra-tumor antigenic heterogeneity (aITH). In patient samples, the immune microenvironment was characterized using the spatial distribution of 17 markers across registered whole-slide images, and patterns of intra-lesion aITH measured using multi-region exome sequencing and neoantigen prediction. The patient data were best described by a model whereby immunogenic adenomas do not progress to CRC because they are under immune control, and progression initially proceeds in adenomas with low immunogenicity followed by the gradual construction of an immunosuppressive niche depleted in CD8+ cytotoxic T cells. There was little evidence for immune blockade (PD-L1 expression) in tumor initiation or progression. These results suggest that re-engineering the immunosuppressive niche may prove to be an effective immunotherapy in CRC.
Barriers to Circular Supply Chain Adoption: A Perspective of Electric Battery Industries of Bangladesh
Authors: Milki Md. Sajib , Islam Md. Ariful 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The demand for electric batteries is increasing day by day in Bangladesh because of the increasing demand for electric vehicles and energy storage supporting power systems. There are 25 companies in Bangladesh that are trying to meet this rising demand. Since toxic materials such as lead (Pb) and sulphuric acid (H2SO4) are used in electric batteries, the supply chain of the industry needs to be more circular. The aim of this study is to explore the barriers of implementing Circular Supply Chain (CSC) in Electric Battery Industries (EBIs) of Bangladesh. Related barriers were defined using the PESTEL (Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal) framework, and the contextual relationship among the identified barriers was developed using Interpretive Structural Modelling (MICMAC i.e., Cross Impact Matrix Multiplication Applied to Classification technique), followed by a cause-effect analysis of the driving barriers to determine the root causes. Lack of sustainable development planning, lack of knowledge about the environment, health, and future generations, lack of coordination among industries and supply chain partners, increased competition, lack of investment in technological innovation, and low quality of circulated products are the root causes of the driving barriers to implementing CSC in Bangladesh's EBIs. The government and the supply chain partners of EBIs should take holistic approach on sustainable development. The results would help in the implementation of CSC, making it easier to achieve sustainable development by introducing economic growth, improving the environment, and creating more job opportunities.
Study On The Cutting Performance of High-Speed Machining Zr-Based Bulk Metallic Glass
Authors: Yang H.D. , Wu Y.S. , Zhang Junsheng , Tang H.H. , Chang W.J. , Zhang J.C. , Chen S.H. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The cutting performance of high-speed machining (100-350 m/min) Zr57Cu20Al10Ni8Ti5 (at.%) bulk metallic glass (Zr57 BMG) was studied, as compared with industrial pure zirconium (Zr702). The effect of cutting speed on cutting force, surface roughness, surface morphology and chip morphology was analyzed. Although the strength of Zr57 BMG is much higher than that of Zr702, the difference in main cutting force is small, which can be attributed to the thermal softening of Zr57 BMG material during machining. The machined surface characteristics and the formation of chips were investigated. Different from low-speed machining, the groove marks and adhensions on machined surface evolve into wave patterns and molten droplets with the cutting speed increasing from 100 m/min to 350 m/min. The appearance of wave patterns tends to destroy the machined surfaces, and the worst quality was obtained at the speed of 250 m/min. The free surface morphology of the chips, with cutting speed smaller than 150 m/min, show obvious serration and molten droplets between shear bands. With the increase of cutting speed, oxidation on the chip surfaces occurred, and the chip surface was gradually covered by powder particles due to the melting of Zr57 BMG workpiece materials. The machined surfaces of Zr57 BMG maintain amorphous structures after high-speed machining, which shows excellent application potential for the processing of Zr57 BMG.
Case Study and Literature Review of Phelan-McDermid Syndrome Caused By a Pathogenic Mutation in The SHANK3 Gene
Authors: Xu Quanmei , Wang Simei , Wang Yilin , Wang Chunmei , Zhang Yuanfeng , Wang Juefei , Luo Jinju , Chen Yucai 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Phelan-McDermid syndrome is a rare genetic disorder resulting from heterozygous deletion of 22q13.3 with the involvement of at least part of SHANK3 or a heterozygous pathogenic variant in SHANK3. We would like to explore the possible pathogenesis and therapeutic direction of PMS.Methods: We identified a child who harbored a de novo SHANK3 gene mutation and had a speech delay and mental retardation. This pathogenic mutation (c.3679dup, p.A1227Gfs*69) may lead to early termination of protein transcription and is speculated to cause changes in protein function. The gene expression profiles of family members were evaluated by RT-PCR, which showed that SHANK3 expression was significantly lower in the child than in the other family members. The sites of pathogenic and likely pathogenic mutations in the SHANK3 gene reported by ClinVar were searched, and the mutation sites were summarized and marked. Results: The relevant literature was reviewed to understand the current state of research progress and possible future treatment directions. Researchers have found that CDPPB is a potent and selective positive allosteric modulator of mGluR5. In addition, it is important to further study whether NMD is involved in the expression of SHANK3 and to further investigate PTCs.Conclusions: Genetic testing is essential for children with development delay. It’s necessary to do further research about the therapeutic direction.
­­Design And Characteristic Research of Contact Probe For High-Precision 3D Thread-Measuring Machine
Authors: YU Jing , Lin Xi-meng , Yang Yan-ling , Cai Jin-hui 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A probe is an important part of high-precision thread-measuring machines. Probe design affects the ability of the machine to achieve precision. The development of three-dimensional (3D) thread-measuring machines has mandated strict requirements for matching measuring heads. A contact scanning probe offers the advantages of a relatively high measurement accuracy and stable performance. In this study, the structure of the scanning probe was designed. First, a micro-force probe model was established according to 3D thread characteristics. The “T”-shaped, ballpoint-pen shaped needle was selected according to the characteristics of the detection hole and thread. Thereafter, the dimension parameters of the measuring ball, measuring bar, parallel spring plates, and other components were designed to enable the measuring head to meet the precision requirements. The flexural deformation of the measuring rod was analyzed to determine the appropriate length and diameter of the measuring rod. Finally, the effective static and dynamic characteristics of the head were demonstrated through finite element simulation and experimental measurements. In addition, the static characteristics of the probe were measured. The return error was 0.29 µm, and the repeatability error was 0.24 µm. The dynamic characteristics were tested using the percussion method, and the natural frequency was 180 Hz. These results help ensure the precision of the probe and improve the measuring precision of the machine.
Single-nucleotide Polymorphisms of Artemisinin Resistance-related pfubp1 and pfap2mu Genes in Imported Plasmodium Falciparum to Wuhan, China
Authors: Cheng Weijia , Wu Kai , Song Xiaonan , Wei Wang , Du Weixing , Li Jian 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
BackgroundMolecular markers for monitoring resistance could help improve malaria treatment policies. Delayed clearance of Plasmodium falciparum by Artemisinin-based Combination Therapies (ACTs) has been reported in several countries. In addition to the PfKelch13 (pfk13), new drug resistance genes, the ubiquitin-specific protease 1 (pfubp1) and the eadaptor protein complex 2 mu subunit (pfap2mu) have been identified as being linked to ACTs. This study investigated the prevalence of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in clinical P. falciparum isolates pfubp1 and pfap2mu imported from Africa and Southeast Asia (SEA) to Wuhan, China, to provide baseline data for antimalarial resistance monitoring in this region.MethodsPeripheral Blood samples were collected in Wuhan, China, from August 2011 to December 2019. The SNPs of Pfubp1 and pfap2mu of P. falciparum were determined by nested PCR and Sanger sequencing. ResultsIn total, 296 samples were collected. Subsequently, 92.23% (273/296) were successfully amplified and sequenced for the Pfubp1. There were 60.07% (164/273) wild strains and 39.93% (109/273) mutant strains. For the pfap2mu gene, it was divided into three fragments for amplification, 82.77% (245/296), 90.20% (267/296) and 94.59% (280/296) were sequenced successfully respectively. Genotypes reportedly associated with ACTs resistance detected in this study included pfubp1 D1525E as well as E1528D and pfap2mu S160N. The mutation prevalence rates were 10.99% (30/273), 13.19% (36/273) and 11.24% (30/267), respectively. These are all focused on Congo, Nigeria and Angola. And known delayed-clearance parasite mutation has also been found in SEA.ConclusionsThe existence of mutation sites of known clearance genes detected in the isolates in this study, including D1525E and E1528D in the pfubp1 gene, and S160N in the pfap2mu gene, further proved the risk of ACTs resistance. Constant vigilance is therefore needed to protect the effectiveness of ACTs, and to prevent the spread of drug-resistant P. falciparum. Further studies in malaria-endemic countries are needed to further validate potential genetic markers for monitoring parasite populations in Africa and SEA.
Clinical Evaluation of Non-Contact Infrared Thermometers
Authors: Sullivan Stacey J.L. , Rinaldi Jean E. , Hariharan Prasanna , Casamento Jon P. , Baek Seungchul , Seay Nathanael , Vesnovsky Oleg , Topoleski Timmie 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background:Non-contact infrared thermometers (NCITs) are being widely used during the COVID-19 pandemic as a temperature-measurement tool for screening and isolating patients in healthcare settings, travelers at ports of entry, and the general public. Methods:To understand the accuracy of NCITs, a clinical study was conducted with 1113 adult subjects using six different commercially available NCIT models. A total of 60 NCITs were tested with 10 units for each model. The NCIT-measured temperature was compared with the oral temperature obtained using a reference oral thermometer. Results:The mean difference between the reference thermometer and NCIT measurement (clinical bias) was different for each NCIT model. The clinical bias ranged from just under -0.9 °C (under-reporting) to just over 0.2 °C (over-reporting). The individual differences ranged from -3 °C to +2 °C in extreme cases, with the majority of the differences between -2 °C and +1 °C. Depending upon the NCIT model, 48% to 88% of the individual temperature measurements were outside the labeled accuracy stated by the manufacturers. The sensitivity of the NCIT models for detecting subject’s temperature above 38 °C ranged from 0 to 0.69. Conclusions: Overall, our results indicate that some NCIT devices may not be consistently accurate enough to determine if subject’s temperature exceeds a specific threshold of 38 °C. Model-to-model variability and individual model accuracy in the displayed temperature were found to be outside of acceptable limits. Accuracy and credibility of the NCITs should be thoroughly evaluated before using them as an effective screening tool.
Abdominal Aortic Calcification is an Independent Predictor of Left Ventricular Mass Deterioration in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Zhang Ai-hua , Guo Wei-kang , Han Dong-wan , Zhu Min , Liu Wen-hu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Left ventricular mass (LVM) is related to poor outcomes of HD patients. Possible contributions of vascular calcification to LVM changes over time have not been well established. This is a prospective cohort study. At baseline, left lateral lumbar spine radiograph was conducted. The echocardiogram was performed respectively at baseline and 2 years later. The dialysis records were documented in the first week of the first month for each quarter during the two years. Fasting blood samples were collected. The averages were calculated. After the second echocardiogram, patients were followed up for another five years. One hundred and four patients were enrolled, with 57 males (54.8%) and an average age of 60.0 ± 11.1 years. Ninety-one patients had AAC (87.5%). The average level of LVMI changes 2 years later was 3.31 (− 1.51 ~ 8.18) g/m2.7, and 68 patients had increased LVMI. After another five years, 28 patients died (26.9%). Patients with worsening LVMI had significantly higher baseline AAC scores (8.0 (3.0 ~ 12.0) vs 4.0 (1.3 ~ 7.0), P = 0.022). The 5-year mortality rate was also higher (23/68 vs 5/31, P = 0.029). Multiple stepwise regression analysis demonstrated that baseline AAC was an independent predictor for increased LVMI (P = 0.005). For one point increase in AAC scores, LVMI increased by 0.27g/m2.7 2 years later. The independent correlated factors baseline AAC were age and hs-CRP. In conclusion, AAC is an independent predictor of LVMI deterioration over time in HD patients. Whether direct intervention for LVM can benefit MHD patients is controversial. Prevention and treatment of VC may be an important intervention target to improve LVM and prognosis.
Pharmacists’ and Mental Health, Between Perceptions and Practice: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Akour Amal , Halloush Shiraz , Nusair Mohammad , Barakat Muna , Abdulla Fatima , Momani Malik Al 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background

Mental health issues such as depression and anxiety are usually underdiagnosed and undertreated. Medications are one primary modality in the management of mental health problems. Hence, pharmacists have a vital role in supporting patients regarding medications’ efficacy and safety. However, the potential role of pharmacists in managing mental health issues in Jordan has not been well established.
Aim

This study aimed at assessing attitudes and actual practices of Jordanian pharmacists regarding providing mental health services.
Method:

This was a cross-sectional study that used a convenience sample of 347 pharmacists using a self-reported-based questionnaire, which took place in Amman, the capital of Jordan.
Results

Participating pharmacists had a positive attitude towards providing care for patients with mental health problems. However, their actual practice did not resonate with their enthusiasm, especially when it comes to long-term follow-up of disease symptom, medications’ side effects and adherence. Pharmacists were eager to collaborate with their colleagues, but the level of actual cooperation was less than desired. The most commonly reported barrier was the lack of education on mental health issues (71.5%), followed by lack of privacy in the pharmacy settings (53.9%). To effectively involve pharmacist in the care of mental health patients, pharmacists should receive adequate education/training in the mental health topics, and pharmacies should be redesigned to provide a private area for patient counseling.
Conclusion

To effectively involve pharmacist in the care of mental health patients, pharmacists should receive adequate education/training in the mental health topics, and pharmacies should be redesigned to provide a private area for patient counseling.
Longitudinal Resting-State fMRI Study: A Seed-Based Connectivity Analysis in Patients with Ischemic Stroke and Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Boren Seth B. , Savitz Sean I. , Elimore Timothy M. , Silos Christin , George Sarah , Parekh Maria A. , Arevalo Octavio D. , Haque Muhammad E. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The primary aim of the research was to compare the impact of post-ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke on brain connectivity and recovery using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI). We serially imaged 20 stroke patients, ten with ischemic (IS) and 10 with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), at 1, 3, and 12 months after ictus. Data from ten healthy volunteers were obtained from a publically available imaging dataset. All functional and structural images underwent standard processing for brain extraction, realignment, serial registration, unwrapping, and de-noising using SPM12. A seed-based group analysis using CONN software was used to evaluate the Default Mode (DMN) and the Sensorimotor Network (SMN) connections by applying bivariate correlation and hemodynamic response function (hrf) weighting. In comparison to healthy controls (HC), both IS and ICH exhibited disrupted interactions (decreased connectivity) between these two networks at 1M. Interactions then increased by 12M in each group. Temporally, each group exhibited a minimal increase in connectivity at 3M as compared to 12M. Overall, the ICH patients exhibited a greater magnitude of connectivity disruption compared to IS patients, despite a significant intra-subject reduction in hematoma volume. We did not observe any significant correlation between change in connectivity and recovery as measured on the National Institute Stroke Scale (NIHSS) at any time point. These finding demonstrate that largest changes in functional connectivity occur earlier (3M) rather than later (12M) and show subtle differences between IS and ICH during recovery and should be explored further in larger samples.
Validity and Reliability of The Persian Version of The Short-Form Child Perceptions Questionnaire 11–14
Authors: Naseri Navid , Hamedani Shahram , Baherimoghadam Tahereh , Ghafoori Alireza 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe Child Perception questionnaire 11-14 (CPQ 11-14) is an efficient tool for assessment of oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). This questionnaire has been shortened to 16 items (CPQ11–14 ISF-16) to facilitate its use. The purpose the present study was to translate CPQ11–14 ISF-16 in the Persian language, culturally adapt and initially validate among adolescent population.Material and methodThe questionnaire was translated to Persian, back-translated to English and underwent cultural adaptation and pretesting. It was then filled out by 318 young adults (175 grils and 143 boys) between 11 to 14 years in Shiraz, Iran. The Persian version of CPQ11–14 ISF-16 along with the Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ) and two Suggested global questions were administered among participants to assess its Creition validity.ResultsFactor analysis extracted two domains and the factor loading of domains ranged from 0.423 to 0.837. Persian version of CPQ11–14 ISF-16 presented high internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.854); It showed excellent criterion validity with PIDAQ (rho= 0.731, p < 0.001). There was a statistically significant positive moderate correlation between CPQ11–14 ISF-16 and its factors 1 and 2 and two global questions (first global question: rho= 0.439, p < 0.001; second global question: rho= 0.457, p=0.035)ConclusionThe Persian version of CPQ11–14 ISF-16 has optimal validity and reliability in a general population of 11–14-year-old Persian children.