bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear spectral blueshift in semiconductor optical amplifiers
Authors: Bednyakova A. E. , Khudozhitkova D. , Kokhanovskiy A. , Turitsyn S. K. 
Published: August 2021

We demonstrate that spectral peak power of negatively chirped optical pulses can acquire a blueshift after amplification by a semiconductor optical amplifier. The central wavelength of a transform limited optical pulse translates over 20 nm towards a shorter wavelength after propagation in a single-mode fiber and semiconductor optical amplifier. A chirped Gaussian pulse with full width at half maximum 1 ps and dimensionless chirp parameter

C

=
−

20

can be blueshifted by 5 THz.
Association of IRS1 (Gly972Arg) and IRS2 (Gly1057Asp) genes polymorphisms with OSA and NAFLD in Asian Indians
Authors: Bhatt Surya Prakash , Guleria Randeep 
Published: August 2021

Aim and objective
The aim of the study was to investigate the relationships between insulin receptor substrate (IRS) 1 (Gly972Arg) and IRS2 (Gly1057Asp) genes with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in Asian Indians.

Method
A total of 410 overweight/obese subjects (130 with OSA with NAFLD, 100 with OSA without NAFLD, 95 without OSA and with NAFLD and 85 without OSA and without NAFLD) were recruited. Degree of NAFLD was based on liver ultrasound and of OSA on overnight polysomnography. Genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and confirmed by gene sequencing.

Result
Mean values of blood pressure, body fat markers, blood glucose, lipids, liver function, and markers of insulin resistance were significantly increased in OSA and NAFLD subjects (p<0.05). In addition, according to age (years) categories, blood pressure, blood glucose, lipids, obesity markers, and markers of insulin resistance were significantly higher in 45–60 years group as compared to 20–45 years group (p<0.05). In IRS1 gene, the genotype frequency (%) of Arg/Arg was significantly higher in NAFLD and OSA subjects. In addition, Gly/Arg genotype of IRS1 gene was associated with significantly higher body mass index, fat mass, %body fat, triglycerides, cholesterol, alkaline phosphate, aspartate transaminase, fasting insulin and HOMA-IR levels in OSA and NAFLD subjects. No significant difference in genotype frequencies of IRS2 was observed between four groups. Further we found that subjects carrying IRS1 Gly/Arg (OR 4.49, 95% C.I. 1.06–12.52, p = 0.002) genotype possess a much higher risk of OSA and NAFLD compared to IRS2 Gly/Asp (OR 1.01, 95% C.I. 0.8–2.56, p = 0.05). In sub group analysis of IRS1 Gly/Arg have significant differences between the mild, moderate and severe group (P<0.05). In addition, patients with the ‘Gly’ allele were inclined to develop more severe OSA.

Conclusion
We concluded that Asian Indian subject carrying the allele Gly972Arg polymorphism of IRS1 is predisposed to develop OSA and NAFLD.
Helicobacter pylori infection and hypochlorhydria in Zambian adults and children: A secondary data analysis
Authors: Hodges Phoebe , Kelly Paul , Kayamba Violet 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundHypochlorhydria (gastric pH >4) increases susceptibility to diarrhoea, iron deficiency, and gastric cancer. We sought to clarify the prevalence of this condition and its predisposing factors in Zambia by pooling data from previous studies conducted in hospital and community settings.MethodsGastric pH was measured in participants from five separate studies by collecting gastric aspirate from fasted adults and children under 3 years of age undergoing gastroscopy. Gastric pH was correlated with serological testing for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) andHelicobacter pylori(H.pylori) infections.ResultsWe studied 597 individuals (487 adults and 110 children). Hypochlorhydria was present in 53% of adults and 31% of children. HIV infection was detected in 41% of adults and 11% of children.H.pyloriserology was available for 366 individuals: 93% of adults and 6% of children were seropositive. In univariate analysis, hypochlorhydria was significantly associated with HIV seropositivity (OR 1.7; 95% CI 1.2–2.4; p = 0.004) andH.pyloriantibody seropositivity (OR 4.9; 95% CI 2.8–8.6; p<0.0001), and with advancing age in HIV negative individuals (p = 0.0001). In multivariable analysis, onlyH.pyloriwas associated with hypochlorhydria (OR 4.0; 95% CI 2.2–7.2; p<0.0001) while excluding possible exposure to proton pump inhibitors.ConclusionsHypochlorhydria is common in our population, withH.pyloribeing the dominant factor. Only young HIV seronegative individuals had a low prevalence of hypochlorhydria. This may have implications for the risk of other health conditions including gastric cancer.
Association between the donor to recipient ICG-PDR variation rate and the functional recovery of the graft after orthotopic liver transplantation: A case series
Authors: Cherchi Vittorio , Vetrugno Luigi , Terrosu Giovanni , Zanini Victor , Ventin Marco , Pravisani Riccardo , Tumminelli Francesco , Brollo Pier Paolo , Boscolo Erica , Peressutti Roberto , Lorenzin Dario , Bove Tiziana , Risaliti Andrea , Baccarani Umberto 
Published: August 2021

Background
Despite current advances in liver transplant surgery, post-operative early allograft dysfunction still complicates the patient prognosis and graft survival. The transition from the donor has not been yet fully understood, and no study quantifies if and how the liver function changes through its transfer to the recipient. The indocyanine green dye plasma disappearance rate (ICG-PDR) is a simple validated tool of liver function assessment. The variation rate between the donor and recipient ICG-PDR still needs to be investigated.

Materials and methods
Single-center retrospective study. ICG-PDR determinations were performed before graft retrieval (T1) and 24 hours after transplant (T2). The ICG-PDR relative variation rate between T1 and T2 was calculated to assess the graft function and suffering/recovering. Matched data were compared with the MEAF model of graft dysfunction.

Objective
To investigate whether the variation rate between the donor ICG-PDR value and the recipient ICG-PDR measurement on first postoperative day (POD1) can be associated with the MEAF score.

Results
36 ICG-PDR measurements between 18 donors and 18 graft recipients were performed. The mean donor ICG-PDR was 22.64 (SD 6.35), and the mean receiver’s ICG-PDR on 1st POD was 17.68 (SD 6.60), with a mean MEAF value of 4.51 (SD 1.23). Pearson’s test stressed a good, linear inverse correlation between the ICG-PDR relative variation and the MEAF values, correlation coefficient -0.580 (p = 0.012).

Conclusion
The direct correlation between the donor to recipient ICG-PDR variation rate and MEAF was found. Measurements at T1 and T2 showed an up- or downtrend of the graft performance that reflect the MEAF values.
Gender-specific design and effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions against cognitive decline and dementia–protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zuelke Andrea E. , Riedel-Heller Steffi G. , Wittmann Felix , Pabst Alexander , Roehr Susanne , Luppa Melanie 
Published: August 2021

Introduction
Dementia is a public health priority with projected increases in the number of people living with dementia worldwide. Prevention constitutes a promising strategy to counter the dementia epidemic, and an increasing number of lifestyle interventions has been launched aiming at reducing risk of cognitive decline and dementia. Gender differences regarding various modifiable risk factors for dementia have been reported, however, evidence on gender-specific design and effectiveness of lifestyle trials is lacking. Therefore, we aim to systematically review evidence on gender-specific design and effectiveness of trials targeting cognitive decline and dementia.

Methods and analysis
We will conduct a systematic review in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Databases MEDLINE (PubMed interface), PsycINFO, Web of Science Core Collection, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and ALOIS will be searched for eligible studies using a predefined strategy, complemented by searches in clinical trials registers and Google for grey literature. Studies assessing cognitive function (overall measure or specific subdomains) as outcome in dementia-free adults will be included, with analyses stratified by level of cognitive functioning at baseline: a) cognitively healthy b) subjective cognitive decline 3) mild cognitive impairment. Two reviewers will independently evaluate eligible studies, extract data and determine methodological quality using the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN)-criteria. If sufficient data with regards to quality and quantity are available, a meta-analysis will be conducted.

Ethics and dissemination
No ethical approval will be required as no primary data will be collected.

PROSPERO registration number
CRD42021235281.
Levantamento preliminar do patrimônio arqueológico de Nova Iguaçu, Japeri, Queimados, Mesquita e Belford Roxo, situados na região metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Silva José Mauricio , Carvalho Claudia Rodrigues 
Published: August 2021

Este artigo aborda o levantamento preliminar do patrimônio cultural arqueológico no Município de Nova Iguaçu e seus distritos emancipados (Japeri, Queimados, Mesquita, Belford Roxo) e uma pequena parcela de Miguel Pereira, inseridos na região referenciada pelos rios Iguaçu, Guandu e Santana e os maciços do Tinguá e Mendanha no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Forma um polígono com divisão político-administrativa específica, cujo processo de ocupação humana remonta ao período pré-colonial. O levantamento foi iniciado no CNSA do IPHAN, seguido por pesquisa bibliográfica, buscando informações documentais sobre o processo de ocupação do espaço. Prospecções não interventivas no campo e entrevistas com os representantes das comunidades locais, também foram empregadas neste levantamento que resultou em 32 sítios cadastrados. A área se molda pela dinâmica de um processo de urbanização intenso e pelas transformações econômico-sociais da Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro, alterando a paisagem local e arriscando a preservação de seu patrimônio e memória.
Elevated serum gamma globulins in apparently healthy Nigerians living in Ogbomoso: a possible manifestation of phagocytic dysfunction
Authors: Adedeji Adebayo Lawrence , Jimoh Dauda , Badmus Jelili Abiodun , Bello Ibrahim Olabanji , Suleiman Ibrahim Eleha , Ayelagbe Olubunmi Gloria 
Published: August 2021

Background: Serum protein abnormalities, particularly elevated gamma globulins (hypergammaglobulinemia, HGG), have been reported in apparently healthy Nigerians living in Ogbomoso and elsewhere. Since the mechanisms for this phenomenon have not been fully substantiated, we hypothesized that impaired neutrophil phagocytosis could contribute to this condition. Methods: Healthy humans exhibiting HGG were identified using serum protein electrophoresis performed on cellulose acetate gel in barbital buffer (pH 8.6). GelQuant image analysis and quantitation software were further employed to quantify the gamma globulin fraction. Neutrophils were isolated from K3EDTA anticoagulated peripheral blood using Histopaque neutrophil isolation reagent. Neutrophil phagocytic activity was analyzed using a non-subjective commercial colorimetric phagocytosis assay kit. Results: The purity and viability of isolated neutrophils were approximately 94% and 92%, respectively. Ex-vivo phagocytic activity of neutrophils isolated from apparently healthy subjects exhibiting HGG, expressed as a percentage of the average absorbance of the control group, was 48.1 ± 8.6% which was significantly lower (p < 0.05) compared to the controls (98.9 ± 14.3%). Conclusion: Since neutrophils play crucial roles in innate immune responses, impairment of neutrophil phagocytic activity may lead to persistent antigenic stimulations of the adaptive immune system. This could in turn orchestrate gamma globulins expression leading to HGG. Statement of novelty: We demonstrated reduced neutrophil phagocytic activity as a possible basis for hypergammaglobulinemia in healthy Nigerians, perhaps for the first time.
Qualitative analysis for the nonlinear fractional Hartree type system with nonlocal interaction
Authors: Wang Jun 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In the present paperwe study the existence of nontrivial solutions of a class of static coupled nonlinear fractional Hartree type system. First, we use the direct moving plane methods to establish the maximum principle(Decay at infinity and Narrow region principle) and prove the symmetry and nonexistence of positive solution of this nonlocal system. Second, we make complete classification of positive solutions of the system in the critical case when some parameters are equal. Finally, we prove the existence of multiple nontrivial solutions in the critical case according to the different parameters ranges by using variational methods. To accomplish our results we establish the maximum principle for the fractional nonlocal system.
The God Kothos
Authors: Ritner Robert K. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The Coptic Panegyric of Makarius of Tkow describes the eviction of a pagan deity named Kothos, whose identity has been discussed and disputed since the text was first published in 1980 and most recently in APF 64/1, 2018. The varying identifications are here critically examined and a solution is offered.
The alchemical symbols in the manuscripts of “The Mirror of Wonders” (Mirʾāt al-ʿajāʾib)
Authors: Müller Juliane 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
“The Mirror of Wonders” (Mirʾāt al-ʿajāʾib) is an illustrated Arabic treatise about a mysterious mirror that displays different alchemical symbols. This work of unsettled authorship, which was composed between the 12th and 16th centuries, has got a rich manuscript tradition with more than 45 extant copies dating from the 16th to the 20th centuries, including translations into Turkish and Persian and various short versions of the text. They prove the remarkable popularity of “The Mirror of Wonders” throughout the Islamicate world, even in modern times. Most manuscripts contain a coloured illustration of the mirror and its symbols, with a large scope of variation in their visual design. The nine alchemical symbols of the mirror are: 1. The two figures embracing each other (al-shakhṣān al-muʿtaniqān); 2. The black circle (al- dāʾira al-sawdāʾ); 3. The palm of the hand (al-kaff); 4. The black raven (al-ghurāb al-aswad); 5. The eagle (al-ʿuqāb); 6. The sun (al-shams); 7. The snake (al-thuʿbān); 8. The nine crabs (al-saraṭānāt al-tisʿa) with the dog descending into the water (al-kalb al-nāzil fī l-māʾ) and 9. The nine circles (al-dawāʾir al-tisʿa). This paper presents the manuscript tradition of Mirʾāt al-ʿajāʾib and analyses the diverging imagery of the symbols and their meanings in the different manuscripts.
A novel optical needle probe for deep learning-based tissue elasticity characterization
Authors: Mieling R. , Sprenger J. , Latus S. , Bargsten L. , Schlaefer A. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The distinction between malignant and benign tumors is essential to the treatment of cancer. The tissue's elasticity can be used as an indicator for the required tissue characterization. Optical coherence elastography (OCE) probes have been proposed for needle insertions but have so far lacked the necessary load sensing capabilities. We present a novel OCE needle probe that provides simultaneous optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging and load sensing at the needle tip. We demonstrate the application of the needle probe in indentation experiments on gelatin phantoms with varying gelatin concentrations. We further implement two deep learning methods for the end-toend sample characterization from the acquired OCT data. We report the estimation of gelatin sample weight ratios [wt%] in unseen samples with a mean error of 1.21 ± 0.91 wt%. Both evaluated deep learning models successfully provide sample characterization with different advantages regarding the accuracy and inference time.
An interactive tool for identifying patient subgroups based on arbitrary characteristics for medical research
Authors: Spitz Lena , Swiatek Vanessa M. , Neyazi Belal , Sandalcioglu I. Erol , Preim Bernhard , Saalfeld Sylvia 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We present an analysis tool for subgroup identification in medical research based on feature analysis. Our use case is intracranial aneurysms. In the tool, an aneurysm-of-interest’s most similar aneurysms within a database are found. Similarity is defined via user-selected parameters, which can be entirely arbitrary. Different interactive outputs and visualizations include a heatmap view and a graph, which give an intuitive feedback to support researchers in the consideration of research questions, which in the present use case often relate to rupture risk analysis. The tool was evaluated with a pilot study and phantom database and received favorable results for its requirements of reliability and appropriate and clear outputs.
Multi-Scale Input Strategies for Medulloblastoma Tumor Classification using Deep Transfer Learning
Authors: Bengs M. , Pant S. , Bockmayr M. , Schüller U. , Schlaefer A. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is a primary central nervous system tumor and the most common malignant brain cancer among children. Neuropathologists perform microscopic inspection of histopathological tissue slides under a microscope to assess the severity of the tumor. This is a timeconsuming task and often infused with observer variability. Recently, pre-trained convolutional neural networks (CNN) have shown promising results for MB subtype classification. Typically, high-resolution images are divided into smaller tiles for classification, while the size of the tiles has not been systematically evaluated. We study the impact of tile size and input strategy and classify the two major histopathological subtypes-Classic and Desmoplastic/Nodular. To this end, we use recently proposed EfficientNets and evaluate tiles with increasing size combined with various downsampling scales. Our results demonstrate using large input tiles pixels followed by intermediate downsampling and patch cropping significantly improves MB classification performance. Our top-performing method achieves the AUC-ROC value of 90.90% compared to 84.53% using the previous approach with smaller input tiles.
Synthetic data generation for optical flow evaluation in the neurosurgical domain
Authors: Philipp Markus , Bacher Neal , Nienhaus Jonas , Hauptmann Lars , Lang Laura , Alperovich Anna , Gutt-Will Marielena , Mathis Andrea , Saur Stefan , Raabe Andreas , Mathis-Ullrich Franziska 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Towards computer-assisted neurosurgery, scene understanding algorithms for microscope video data are required. Previous work utilizes optical flow to extract spatiotemporal context from neurosurgical video sequences. However, to select an appropriate optical flow method, we need to analyze which algorithm yields the highest accuracy for the neurosurgical domain. Currently, there are no benchmark datasets available for neurosurgery. In our work, we present an approach to generate synthetic data for optical flow evaluation on the neurosurgical domain. We simulate image sequences and thereby take into account domainspecific visual conditions such as surgical instrument motion. Then, we evaluate two optical flow algorithms, Farneback and PWC-Net, on our synthetic data. Qualitative and quantitative assessments confirm that our data can be used to evaluate optical flow for the neurosurgical domain. Future work will concentrate on extending the method by modeling additional effects in neurosurgery such as elastic background motion.
Validation of Automated Ultrasound-based Registration for Navigated Scaphoid Fixation
Authors: Brößner Peter , Hohlmann Benjamin , Welle Kristian , Radermacher Klaus 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Fractures of the scaphoid bone may be treated in a minimally-invasive fashion. Conventionally, fluoroscopy is required to guide the placement of an osteosynthesis screw. In this work, an alternative method based on volumetric ultrasound is validated. Methods: The fully automatic and fast image processing pipeline involves two machine learning architectures for segmentation and registration. A pre-operatively acquired 3D bone model is registered to the 3D bone surface segmented from the intra-operative ultrasound. Screw positioning is planned in an automated fashion and evaluated in an in-vitro setting: Volumetric ultrasound images of a 3D-printed phantom of a human wrist are acquired for 22 different probe poses. For 220 test runs with different initial displacements, the resulting screw placement within a defined safe zone is evaluated. If the screw lies within the safe zone, its placement is assumed to be successful. Results: An isolated analysis of the registration results in a surface distance error of the registered meshes of 0.49 ± 0.01mm, with successful screw placement in all of the evaluated 220 test runs. The full pipeline, combining segmentation and registration, achieves a mean surface distance error of 0.79 ± 0.37mm, leading to successful screw placements for 149 out of 220 test runs. Poses not suited for the registration could be determined. Excluding these from the analysis, 139 out of 160 test runs are successful. Conclusion: The method proves to be promising when evaluating the registration alone, even given the challenging setup of sub-optimal probe positions. The experiments also demonstrate that further improvement regarding the segmentation is necessary.
Facial Feature Removal for Anonymization of Neurological Image Data
Authors: Gießler Fina , Thormann Maximilian , Preim Bernhard , Behme Daniel , Saalfeld Sylvia 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Interdisciplinary exchange of medical datasets between clinicians and engineers is essential for clinical research. Due to the Data Protection Act, which preserves the rights of patients, full anonymization is necessary before any exchange can take place. Due to the continuous improvement of image quality of tomographic datasets, anonymization of patient-specific information is not sufficient. In this work, we present a prototype that allows to reliably obscure the facial features of patient data, thus enabling anonymization of neurological datasets in image space.
Towards Automated Surgical Documentation using automatically generated checklists from BPMN models
Authors: Just Elisaveta , Schaumann Katharina , Junger Denise , Ryniak Claudia , Klenzner Thomas , Burgert Oliver 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The documentation of surgeries is usually created from memory only after the operation, which is an additional effort for the surgeon and afflicted with the possibility of imprecisely, shortend reports.The display of process steps in the form of checklists and the automatic creation of surgical documentation from the completed process steps could serve as a reminder, standardize the surgical procedure and save time for the surgeon. Based on two works from Reutlingen University, which implemented the creation of dynamic checklists from Business Process Modelling Notation (BPMN) models and the storage of times at which a process step was completed, a prototype was developed for an android tablet, to expand the dynamic checklists by functions such as uploading photos and files, manual user entries, the interception of foreseeable deviations from the normal course of operations and the automatic creation of OR documentation.