bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Practices in Ogun State: Impacts and Implications for Post-COVID-19 Era
Authors: Olukanni D O , Iyiola D O , Esu C O 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Globally, access to safe Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WaSH) services play an essential role in safeguarding the health and well-being of individuals and communities. This study focuses on the assessment of WaSH Practices in Ogun State, Nigeria. A survey was carried out with a total of 500 questionnaires administered evenly in 5 selected Local Governments Areas (LGAs) based on population, landmass, spatial location, and distribution. The convenience sampling technique was used to select locations within the study areas. The evaluation of WaSH practices was based on the availability of treated water, methods of waste disposal, sanitation and hygiene-related facilities, and awareness program in the communities, respectively. The result shows that 61.2 % of the respondents have access to treated water. Thirty-six percent of the respondents agreed to the use of open dumping system for their waste disposal, 24.6% use collection trucks while the rest bury or burn their wastes. Forty-five percent of the respondents are unaware and unexposed to hygienic conditions. The WaSH standard attained by these communities implies an average healthy living standard for the people, which complies with the data obtained from health centers showing the rate of compliance associated with WaSH related ailments. The results of this study provide useful information on the consequences of poor hygiene practices and sanitation facilities for both residents and authorities. The data can serve as a blueprint to government or private organizations working towards upgrading standard of WaSH practices, which would assist in providing appropriate facilities towards enforcing safe hygiene practices at all levels against the spread of the current global pandemic-COVID-19.
Modelling the relationship between climatic variables and land use/land cover classes in Yewa South Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria
Authors: Ojo S A , Olusina J O , Ngene B U , Olukanni D O 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Climate change and land use/land cover (LULC) change are among the global environmental issues that have recently dominated international debates in order to monitor earth resources. The burning of fossils fuels, clearing of land and burning of bush has given rise to the highest levels of greenhouse pollution in the atmosphere. It is on this note that this study was carried out to determine the effect of climate change on land use/land cover change of Yewa South Local Government Area of Ogun State in Nigeria. The supervised parallelepiped classification scheme was used to classify land use land cover into five classes namely agriculture land, built-up, vegetation, wetland and water body. A multivariate linear regression model was developed and program in MATLAB to model the relationship between climatic variables namely, rainfall (mm), average temperature (°C), evaporation (mm), relative humidity (%), average soil temperature (°C) and some particular land use/land cover variables. After statistical analysis between climatic variables and land use/land cover classification, results indicated a significant relationship between climatic variables and land use/land cover change. The statistical analysis between the variables shows that the climatic parameters has an accuracy of 84.12% prediction model for land use/land cover classification.
Geographic Information System application in flood risks prevention, hazards reduction and planning
Authors: Adeyemi G A , Siyanbola F , Oniemayin B I , Ode G O , Bamigboye G O 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The effects of Flood hazard mapping and flood inundation modelling in saving lives and properties in our societies cannot be overemphasized. Haphazard land use planning and lack of compliance to rules and regulations concerning setbacks have been observed to worsen the impacts of flooding and equally pose as major contributing factors to the exposure of people to flood risks in the study area. The study aimed at determining the built areas within the floodable area. Integrated Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing were utilized to analyze the topographic data and the land use data generated from the satellite imagery of the area. The study revealed that nearly half of the buildings and infrastructures in the study area lie within the flood plain. Applications of GIS and Satellite Imagery analysis techniques were used to estimate the population at risk of flooding in the study area. We submit that space based and Geospatial data analysis and applications in flood risks assessment and planning prior to infrastructural development would go a long way in the preservation of lives and properties and prevent great economic loss as a result of flooding.
Management of Infrastructures in Water Sector: A Veritable Tool for Healthcare and Sustainable Development in Nigeria
Authors: Oyebode O J , Coker A O 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
There are a lot of health issues traceable to water sector in most developing nation of the world. Despite water rights and lots of researches in water resources engineering, strategic management of infrastructures still requires urgent and adequate attention for better healthcare delivery and sustainable development in Nigerian water sector. This paper assessed the operations of government, private and agencies involved in the supply and management of water resources. Data were collected through reconnaissance survey, literature review and interview of stakeholders in selected establishments. Challenges of this sector were checked and appraised with special focus on health implications, adequacy of supply, management and maintenance of infrastructures. Current trends within the administration of development comes were checked. Strategic management tools were place in place for effective handling of care, adequate funding, capability building, technological advancement and innovation in water sector. The study concluded that adequate attention should be given to strategic management of water sector to tackle healthcare issues and water challenges for accomplishment of infrastructural development in Nigeria. It was recommended that government; engineers, researchers and all stakeholders should embrace productive activity, viable policies, pollution management, innovative analysis, acceptable funding, technological advancement, manpower development and sanitation of water sector in all ramifications.
Comparative study on the effects of guar gum nanocomposite and guar gum polymer solutions on enhanced oil recovery
Authors: Sowunmi A , Efeovbokhan V E , Orodu O D , Ojo T 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Guar gum is a polysaccharide that occurs naturally, and has useful properties in thickening and stabilizing. This makes it of interest in enhanced oil recovery, because of its ability to increase the sweep efficiency of the recovery process. Also, guar gum has an economical and reliable supply as well as flexible chemistry. Guar gum, however, cannot interact with oil-rock surface or the oil-water interface, thereby limiting its capacity to recover crude oil. Nanoparticles can, therefore, be mixed with guar gum to increase its recovery potential. Silicon oxide nanoparticles can be combined with a polymer to form a polymer nanocomposite, which can then be used to increase the overall efficiency of the crude oil recovery process. In this study, the viscosity profile of guar gum was investigated under different conditions of temperature and weight percentages. Four temperatures were investigated: 30, 50, 75, and 90°C. Six weight percentages were also investigated in the viscosity tests: 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, and 1. The oil recovery potential of guar gum and guar gum nanocomposite was also investigated at different weight percentages. Across the six weight percentages used in the viscosity study, it was observed that there was an average percentage loss in viscosity of 33 % as the temperature was increased from 30°C to 90°C at the highest shear rate of 1021 s-1. At 30°C, the viscosity of guar gum was seen to increase by close to 1000 % as weight percentage was increased from 0.1 to 1. The recovery factor observed during core flooding tests utilizing guar gum at three different concentrations indicated an increment of 48, 51, and 54% respectively. On addition of silicon oxide nanoparticles at different concentrations, oil recovery was enhanced by 54 % to 67.2 % OOIP. This validates the recovery potential of guar gum for enhanced oil recovery.
Building Collapse in Nigeria during recent years – Causes, effects and way forward
Authors: Awoyera P O , Alfa J , Odetoyan A , Akinwumi I I 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Building collapse in Nigeria in the last few decades is a growing concern for investors and the government alike. Many of the documented cases of building collapse in Nigeria are due to the use of defective or substandard building materials, no requisite technical knowledge, non-adherence to building codes and standards, the use of non-professionals and the high level of corruption which has ravaged every sphere of the construction industry including government and private parastatals. In addition to the established causes of the collapse of structures, empirical data from developed countries of the world has shown that many of the recorded cases in this climes are due to the fact that the current codes of practice do not make provisions for unexpected loads and an unexpected failure of a single member may lead to an all-round collapse of the entire structure. This study critically highlights the collapse cases of buildings in Nigeria and provides recommendations to halt this growing concern. It seeks to shed further light on these causes and the likelihood for the continued collapse of buildings in Nigeria if measures are not urgently and strategically put in place by all concerned stakeholders. It also seeks to reduce the impact of man-made phenomena on buildings through awareness and policy formulation by the government.
Comparative Cost Analysis of Reinforced Concrete and Timber Floor System for Effective Low Housing Scheme
Authors: Oyedepo O J , Olanitori L M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In Nigeria, housing is grossly inadequate especially in urban area due to migration from rural area to urban area which results in poor environmental quality. In this paper, the cost analysis of 6 m x 6 m square suspended floor, constructed with reinforced concrete and wooden floor for housing units was carried out. The results show that wooden floor system is 21.6% cheaper than using reinforced concrete in construction. The use of timber in building construction should be encourage, as it will minimize the dead load and reduces the cost of building construction that will be sustainable and affordable for the low income earners.
Assessment of construction sites’ accident: strategies for sustainable construction
Authors: Ijaola I A , Akerele A O , Omolayo O H 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Diverse causes of accidents abound on construction sites and these have negative impacts on the construction process. These negative impacts are enormous, leading to non-sustainable construction. However, achieving sustainable construction requires reduction in the occurrence rate of accidents. The aim of this study is to investigate the occurrence rate of accident types on construction site. Accident types were majorly categorised into four namely, earth moving machinery, electrocution, construction fall, and others. From the positivist research paradigm and adopting cross-sectional survey research design, questionnaires were used to elicit information from personnel on construction sites. The mean of the occurrence rate of accidents was calculated. Findings show that construction site fall has high occurrence rate while earth moving machinery, electrocution and others have moderate rate of occurrence. The study concludes that the most frequently occurring type of accidents on construction site is construction fall.
Potentials of Cement Kiln Dust-Periwinkle Shell Ash Blends on Plasticity Properties of Two Selected Tropical Soils for use as Sustainable Construction Materials
Authors: Ekpo D U , Fajobi A B , Ayodele A L , Etim R K 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper investigated the effect of cement kiln dust (CKD) and periwinkle shell ash (PSA) on the plasticity characteristics of two lateritic soil. Two Soils (termed soil A and B) were collected from two selected locations within Osun State, Nigeria. Air-dried soil was treated with CKD and PSA blend in order of 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20% for CKD and 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10% for PSA by dry weight of soil. The specific gravity of both soils increased with increase in CKD and PSA fillings. The Index properties such as Atterberg’s limit (liquid limit, LL, plastic limit, PL, and plasticity index, PI), percentage fines content of the soils was determined. The index properties results showed that the two soils are clayey soil of low plasticity. There was a general decrease in the Atterberg’s limits (liquid limit, LL and plastic limit, PL). The scan electron microscopy (SEM) and electron diffraction spectroscopy of treated soil revealed the formation of crystalline products of calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) and calcium aluminate hydrate (CAH) which was responsible for strength gain. Based on preliminary investigations, the study concluded that the combination of CKD-PSA blends is a viable stabiliser for the two tropical soils under consideration to be used as sub-base construction.
Classification of surface condition of flexible road pavement using Naïve Bayes theorem
Authors: Olowosulu A T , Kaura J M , Murana A A , Adeke P T 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Data collection, availability and accuracy on road pavement surface condition have been identified as the major setback for pavement management system in low and medium income countries. This situation necessitates the adoption of historic dataset which often is characterised by missing and noisy data elements. The Naïve Bayes theorem which depends on conditional probabilities of prior events or attributes for condition classification and prediction was used to investigate the authenticity of surface condition classification of flexible road pavement. Some selected links of Federal Highways in Nigeria based on the availability of historic dataset were considered. The Naïve Bayes theorem as a data mining approach was implemented using Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis (WEKA) software which performed satisfactorily in surface condition classification with minimal margin of errors due to its ability to handle challenges of missing and noisy dataset. Results of classifications indicated that; links 716, 5, 8, 22 and 136 in Borno, Kwara, Lagos, Oyo and Plateau states respectively had relatively high level of unworthiness as at the time the data was collected, hence call for immediate maintenance and rehabilitation actions, while links 89, 375, 370, 130, 17, 332, 138, 144 and 255 from Anambra, Bendel, Imo, Kaduna, Ogun, Plateau, Rivers and Sokoto states respectively were worthy and had no cause for immediate maintenance.
Investigating the suitability of sakasaka sand as replacement of natural aggregates in concrete for low volume pavement construction
Authors: Adegoke D D , Sani R O , Daramola K O 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The demand for access roads to vital services is on the high side in rural areas. This demand face much challenge due to the cost of construction. However, having the opportunity to use non-conventional materials that are naturally available in meeting this demand will ease people living in such environs. It is on this note that an investigation was carried out on an indigenous, naturally available sand popularly known as Sakasaka by Ilesha indigenes to ascertain its suitability for pavement construction. The Sakasaka collected from Ilesha borrow site, Ilesha West Local Government Area of Osun State, was used to produce concrete cubes that were tested after curing for 7, 14, 21, 28, 56, and 112 days respectively to know the strength of the material and compared to theoretical strength. Prior to the cubes production, some investigations such as chemical analysis, Sieve analysis, Specific gravity and so on were carried out on the sand. The study investigates the physical properties, chemical components of Sakasaka as well as the compressive strength properties of the concrete produced at ratio 1:2:4 using Cements A, B, and C 3x brand. The total numbers of cubes cast were 162 with a concrete cube size of 150x150x150mm. Sieve analysis, specific gravity, slump tests were also carried out for different water-cement ratios for the three cement. The concrete cubes were tested at the ages of 7, 14, 21, 28, 56, and 112 days. The effects of cements (A, B, and C) on the all-in-aggregate was investigated with respect to compressive strength at different curing age. From the results obtained, the compressive strengths of cubes were 17.76 N/mm2, 19.92 N/mm2 and 20.5N/mm2 which was in line with the standard compressive strength of concrete mix 1:2:4 at 28days.
Protection performance of orange oil distillates on low carbon steel in dilute acid electrolytes
Authors: Loto R T , Mbah E H , Ugada J I 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOrange essential oil distillate (OOE) was studied for its inhibition performance on low carbon steel in 0.5 M H2SO4and HCl aqueous electrolyte by electrochemical method and open circuit potential measurement. OOE performance was significantly proportional to it concentration with highest protection efficiency of 76.93% and 94.90% at optimal OOE concentration (10% OOE) in H2SO4and HCl electrolyte. The performance of OOE at low concentration in H2SO4was quite poor with inhibition efficiency values below 40%. OOE exhibited greater inhibition action in HCl solution with effective performance beginning at 4% OOE concentration compared to 6% concentration in H2SO4electrolyte. Corrosion potential deviated basically in the anodic direction signifying the dominant inhibition effect to be through surface coverage of the steel surface. OOE exhibited mixed type corrosion inhibition. Open circuit potential graphs show OOE increases the thermodynamic fluctuation of the carbon steel in H2SO4solution relative to the plots at 0% OOE, despite effective protection. In HCl, the open circuit potential plots were more electropositive relative to the plots at 0% OOE signifying decreased tendency to corrosion. Optical images of the carbon steel after evaluation with and without OOE significantly contrast each other.
Predicting the Compressive Strength of Concrete By Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity
Authors: Ofuyatan O , Olowofoyeku A , Oluwafemi J , Ighalo J 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The key resolution of non-destructive methods applied to concrete structures is to offer a suitable estimate of the quality of the material. One of the modern methods used in the test of concrete strength is the non-destructive testing applying the ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV). In this study, the ultrasonic pulse velocity technique as non-destructive testing of concrete was used to distinguish concrete mixture design and show the predictive relationship between compressive strength and UPV. The effect of various grades of concrete (M15, M20, M25, M30, and M35) with water to cement ratio (w/c) of 0.45 and 0.5 were examined. It was observed that grade M15 cubes had the lowest transit time (37.6 – 41.2 µs) and grade M35 cubes had the highest transit time (48.7 – 49.9 µs) showing that the concrete with short transit time generates the highest pulse velocity than that with low transit time. Grade M15 cubes had the highest pulse velocity (3.6 – 4.0 km/s) and grade M35 cubes had the lowest pulse velocity (3.0 – 3.1 km/s). M15 cubes had the lowest actual compressive strength (18.1 – 19.3 N/mm2) and grade M35 cubes have the highest actual compressive strength (34.6 – 36.0 N/mm2). There was a good correlation between compressive strength and UPV. The study furthermore revealed that UPV can be used to accurately predict the compressive strength of concrete. For all concrete grades, the percentage variation did not exceed ± 2.5%.
Effect of sorghum husk ash and calcium chloride on compressive strength of grade 20 concrete
Authors: Tijani M A , Olawale S O A , Abdullahi L , Aliyu M A , Ajagbe W O 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study examined the influence of sorghum husk ash (SHA) and calcium chloride (CaCl2) as fractional substitution of cement in grade 20 concrete. Sorghum husk Ash (SHA) was gotten by burning of sorghum husk at a regulated temperature. The substitution of cement by SHA were 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25%. A fixed amount of 1% CaCl2 was mixed with Cement/SHA in all the test samples apart from control mixture. Sample sizes of 150 x 150 x 150 mm concrete cubes were cast and healed in water respectively for 7 as well as 28 days. The tests carried out on prepared fresh and hardened concrete were slump and compressive strength. The result of slump showed that the concrete turn out to be stiffer with increase in proportion of SHA. The 28 day compressive strengths result shows that 5%SHA/1%CaCl2 have the maximum strength of 26.45 N/mm2 followed by 10% (25.01 N/mm2), 0%SHA/1%CaCl2 (23.11 N/mm2), 15%SHA/1%CaCl2 (22.45 N/mm2), 20%SHA/1%CaCl2 (20.90 N/mm2) and 25%SHA/1%CaCl2 (18.13 N/mm2). This implies that the best addition of SHA/CaCl2 as fractional substitution for cement in concrete is in the range 0 - 20% since their compressive strength results were above 20 N/mm2 specified for grade 20 concrete. Incorporation of 5%SHA/1%CaCl2 and 10%SHA/1%CaCl2 substitution would yield a concrete of greater compressive strength than standard grade 20 concrete.
Performance evaluation of the mechanical and durability properties of concrete reinforced with hybridized fibers
Authors: Awolusi T F , Falana J N , Ajayi P O , Akinkurolere O O , Aluko O G 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe hybridization of two different elements is done for synergy and better performance. This study investigates the effects of combining bamboo, steel, and carpet fibers, as reinforcement in concrete. The steel and carpet fibers were obtained from discarded tires, and carpets, respectively. The addition of fibers to the mixes was kept constant at 2% of the concrete volume. The first category concrete mix contained a hybrid of steel and carpet fibers at a fraction of 1.75% and 0.25%, respectively, the second category combined steel and bamboo fibers at a fraction of 1% - 1%. The third category contained only steel fibers at a 2% volumetric fraction. The mechanical property of the concrete was evaluated through compressive and flexural strengths, while the durability was examined through water absorption and the acid attack. The compressive strength results obtained for the three categories of fiber reinforced concrete ranged between 7.2 and 12.8 N/mm2, with the third category performing better. Also, the flexural strength results ranged between 5.37 and 7.47 N/mm2, with the first category having the best results. The second category had the least water absorption capacity, and the concrete reinforced with only steel fibers showed the best acid attack resistance. The results also confirmed that short discontinuous fibers are suitable strength and durability enhancers in producing durable eco-friendly concrete.