bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation Modelling of Traffic Flows in the Central Business District Using PTV Vissim in Pekanbaru, Indonesia
Authors: Sandhyavitri Ari , Maulana Agru , Ikhsan Muhammad , Putra Agus Ika , Husaini Rizki Ramadhan , Restuhadi Fajar 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The state of art simulation modelling in managing traffic flow within a busy central business district (CBD) is demonstrated in this article. The objectives of this article were to; identify the existing condition of the street V/C ratios within the CBD area, and to develop various simulations modelling. The development of microscopic traffic simulations encompassing 5 streets within the CBD area in Pekanbaru, Indonesia using the PTV Vissim application was performed as a case study. The existing conditions of these 5 streets were very busy (Level of Service C and D) with on-street parking and on-street traders (vendors) along the streets. Several simulations model based on 4 traffic management approaches were applied; (i) controlling on street traders (vendors) activity, (ii) controlling parking lots, and (iii) changing the on-street parking angle and (iv) combination of these approaches. The simulation results have indicated that the optimum simulation modelling in managing CBD traffic flow within these 5 streets was conducted by managing the on-street parking angle at the position of 300 as well as controlling on street traders activity. Hence, by conducting simulations using this application improved the streets Level of services (LOS) within this CBD area from D (0,75<VC<0,84) to C (0.45<VC<0.74).
Swelling Behaviors of Composite film with Alternating Fibre Reinforcement and Aqueous Media.
Authors: Tuan Rohadi T.N. , Ridzuan M.J.M. , Abdul Majid M.S. , Cheng E.M. , Norasni M.J. , Marsi Noraini 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The swelling behaviour can affect the mechanical properties of the composite film and altering their ability to recover adsorbed substances. These problems are particularly important in the case of porous polymers. Therefore, several researchers have tried to improve the swelling properties by reducing the hydrophilic properties of gelatine and chitosan with adding reinforcing fillers. In this paper, the addition of the hydrophobic properties of pith and cortex of Napier grass in the chitosan/gelatin composite film will be investigated. The composite films were prepared via solution casting method will be evaluated based on the swelling behaviour in the alkali, neutral and acid solution. The result shows that type of reinforcement material and aqueous media used would affect the swelling behaviour of composite film. The results also suggest that the chitosan/gelatin composite films with incorporated cortex of Napier grass are the most water-resistant in neutral followed with acid and alkali.
Effect of sintering temperature on composite hollow fibre membrane derived from hydroxyapatite cow bone and kaolin
Authors: Kamarudin Suraya Najieha , Jamalludin Mohd Riduan , Suhaida Rasman Siti Nor , Hubadillah Siti Khadijah , Budiman Pauzan Mohammad Arif , Dzarfan Othman Mohd Hafiz 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A modern application of composite hollow fibre membrane derived from hydroxyapatite cow bone and kaolin has been developed in wastewater treatment. The common fabrication method, a process that combined both phase inversion and sintering technique was used to fabricate the membranes. The hollow fibers membrane were developed using the spinning process by using a dope that have ratio of 20:20 (kaolin:cow bone hydroxyapatite). The sintering temperature that used in this study are 1000 °C, 1100 °C, 1200 °C and 1300 °C. The effect of sintering temperature on hollow fiber membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), 3-point bending and pure water flux. The results showed that the hollow fibre membrane sintered at 1200 °C showed a unique membrane’s morphology, the highest mechanical strength (13.33 Mpa) and a stable pure water flux (140.6 L/m2h).
Numerical Evaluation of Aluminium 6026-T9 Fracture Toughness
Authors: Zulkifli A.N. , Muhamad Azmi M.S. , Ibrahim I. , Hashim M.S.M. , Ismail A.H. , Ayob M.N. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Fracture is the separation of an object into two or more pieces caused by crack growth under the action of applied stress. There are many different methods for fracture evaluation has been made but still lacks information on properties of Aluminium 6026-T9. Aluminium 6026 is non-toxic since it does not contain Tin (Sn) and features a great corrosion resistance. This study focuses on the mechanical properties and fracture toughness of Aluminium 6026-T9. The material is cut and shaped into dog-bone specimens by referring the ASTM E8 and was eventually undergoing a tensile test to evaluate the mechanical properties. A linear elastic analysis of three different crack characteristics which are single edge crack, double edge crack and center crack were performed in Mode I analysis to evaluate its fracture toughness. The stress intensity factor (SIF) value near the crack tip obtained from the simulation process were then compared with analytical value and had been discussed. The percentage of error found that the numerical and analytical values are closed to each other.
Analysis of tailor-rolled blanks having thickness distribution by finite element analysis
Authors: Tajul L. , Hassan A. , Jaafar H. , Sulaiman M.H. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Tailored blanks have been widely applied in car body-in-white parts due to its ability to optimise weight for the purpose of reducing global emission. Tailor welded blanks are produced by joining sheets having different thicknesses by welding. However, stress concentration is induced due to sharp change in thickness and the heat affected zone has its microstructural and properties changed. Tailor rolled blanks on the other hand are semi-finished parts produced by rolling process where no joining is required. The continuous thickness transition reduces the sharp change in thickness. In this paper, the deformation behaviour of stainless-steel workpiece produced by rolling is being investigated under two different conditions using finite element analysis. Narrow profiled and grooved rolls were utilized for the production of tailored blanks with profile in width direction. The material flow and the thickness distribution were investigated during the rolling process for both sets of rolls.
An experimental study of tool wear during end milling of carbon fibre reinforced polymer in cutting fluid condition.
Authors: Shahruddin Najlah Sakinah , Syazwina Mustaffa Nur Haifa , Mustafa Aisyah Madihah , Abd Halim Nor Farah Huda 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) is replacing metallic components and become a valuable material that has been used in many industrial applications including biomedical, marine and automobile. This is due to their excellent performance in term of reliability, high strength and light weight. However, the machining of CFRP is challenging because the abrasiveness of their reinforcement component often resulted in high tool wear rate. This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of cutting parameters (cutting speed and cutting condition) on tool wear of uncoated tungsten carbide end mill tool, and to observe the wear mechanism of the carbide tool mill during milling of CFRP. In this study, machining test was carried out with the presence of coolant to aid in removing the cutting heat during machining. The effect of cutting speed of 132 m/min, 151 m/min and 170 m/min with a constant feed rate of 2100 mm/min during milling process of CFRP by using uncoated tungsten carbide end mill tool were discussed. Based on the result obtained, it was found out that the value of tool wear at cutting speed of 170 m/min is higher compared to the wear value at cutting speed of 132 m/min due to the high frequency friction of tool against machined surface. Analysis of tool wear using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) found out that the primary wear observed is abrasive wear due to the rubbing action between the tool and the surface of workpiece. The cutting tool is observed to have the lowest tool wear when low cutting speed is implemented along with the presence of coolant.
Process layout evaluation in the production of ethanol fuel
Authors: Md Salleh Mohd Fahmi , Sharudin Hazim , Abu Othman Nor Liawati , Arifin Muhamad Ridzuan , Noordin Noor Hafiz , Hashim Adam Harith 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Due to depletion of petroleum reserves and environmental impact of fossil fuels, an alternative solution is introduced in form of ethanol fuels. Ethanol fuels have promising potential in the transport sector and in the generation of electricity. In addition, very few researches highlighted the production electricity cost of ethanol fuel for the transportation sector. Therefore, this study will focuses on finding the effective process layout in the production of ethanol fuel. The first main objective of this research is to simulate the layout of ethanol fuel plant using DELMIA QUEST software. The second objective is to determine the most efficient process layout in the production of ethanol fuel. The layout of ethanol fuel plant was simulated and the most efficient layout in terms of ethanol production was suggested from the simulation. At the end of this research, the efficient process layout is highlighted between the dry mill and wet mill process layout. It was found that dry mill layout offers lower electricity cost for ethanol production.
The influence of tidal turbine arrangement on the wake interaction in shallow water
Authors: Suhri G E , Rahman A , Dass L , Rajendran K 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The arrangement of tidal turbines in the tidal farm is known to be complicated due to the resistance to the tidal flow which causes the flow to be channeled around the individual devices. To successfully implement the tidal turbine, the wake interaction between the device and its implication needs to be fully understood. Typically, the wake interaction in the array depends on the arrangement and spacing between the device in the array. In this study, a numerical analysis is conducted through the use of Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) approach to investigate the influence of the array setup in shallow water application and to propose a suitable array layout for possible application in Malaysia. The numerical analysis is carried out with 2 combination sets of lateral and longitudinal spacing covering 15 turbines in staggered and squared array layout. Hypothetical ‘actuator’ disk and ‘actuator’ cylinder model are used to represent the Horizontal axis turbine (HATT) and Vertical axis turbine (VATT) respectively. The results showed that the VATT model has faster wake recovery and obeys the definition of the far wake. Staggered arrays with bigger spacing are preferable for application in shallow water due to the low probability of wake merging between the rows.
Numerical study on the wake characteristics of the Savonius turbine for shallow water application in Malaysia
Authors: Rajendran K , Rahman A , Suhri G E , Dass L 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Since Malaysia is a country surrounded by bodies of water, tidal energy is one of the prospects that can be explored for energy extraction potential. While there are several turbine designs and technologies that have been used for tidal energy extraction, information on the use of Vertical Axis Tidal Turbine (VATT) for shallow water applications is very limited, while the implementation of Horizontal Axis Tidal Turbine (HATT) is not suitable due to Malaysia’s ocean depth. Therefore, this paper attempts to address this gap by analyzing the flow characteristics of the VATT in the working environment of shallow water in Malaysia. The first analysis compared the wake characteristics of the Savonius turbine model against a hypothetical ‘actuator’ cylinder, which is a representation of VATT. Next, the second study analyzed the wake characteristics between static and dynamic simulations of a Savonius turbine model. The outputs from this study were validated against previous work in order to gain a better understanding of the wake characteristics of a Savonius turbine.
Wake analysis between nested design and cylindrical representation of a low current speed vertical tidal turbine
Authors: Dass L , Rahman A , Rajendran K , Suhri G E 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Over the past years, electrical energy demand has increased dramatically worldwide. Malaysia being a developing country, the need for electrical energy is expected to rise yearly. Therefore, to prevent the energy crisis and global warming, the Malaysian Government has started to switch focus to renewable energy technologies. This paper will analyse the wake characteristics produced by the vertical axis tidal turbine design. Malaysian waters have shallow depth and low water current speed, contributing to an ideal solution to implement a nested turbine. The numerical analysis compares the wake generated from the actual turbine design and a hypothetical ‘actuator’ cylinder which represents vertical axis tidal turbine. The simulation result has been validated with other studies which brings about the understanding of the wake generated from nested turbine and ‘actuator’ cylinder.
Semi-Autonomous Trolley Cart
Authors: Hin Teoh Thean , Choon Tan Wee , Sunthra Sakaran Siva Prabhu a/l , Ahmad Asha’ari Alif Mikhail , Shamsul Azhar Muhammad Syahrul Izwan , Manimaran Indiran , Kumaran Yaalinthiran 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Semi-Autonomous Trolley Cart is design to reduce the chances of flight attendants from getting injuries while performing their duties. This project will help flight attendants to move the trolley cart comfortably and smoothly. The weight of this trolley including its loads weighs at approximately 25KG. It can move by itself using a rocker switch as this trolley is equipped with line following sensor underneath it. This trolley is also equipped with some electrical component. There is a line following sensor underneath the trolley. This sensor will follow a straight line that will be place along the aisle using a black tape. This project primarily focused on the trolley being a semi-autonomous and it will be controlled by switch.
Projection of Stress on Slewing Post for Gangway Using Finite Element Method from Experimental Analysis
Authors: Yob M. S. , Tuan Pail T. A. , Mat Tahir N. A. , Kurdi O. , Ab Latif M. J. , Raj V. Y. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Slewing operation involves a heavy loading and high cyclic movements. With no windows for error, operators and engineers need to operate while maintaining the performance of slewing. Sometimes, the strength of a components changes after repaired or modified. Thus, in order to predict the performance and safety of a gangway after repaired or modifies, this paper intended to predict the factor safety of a slewing post for gangway by using combination of experiment and FEA. This study was conducted on an actual slewing that has been repaired and slightly modified. The slewing was tested on load test for up to 14752 Kg and then the stress data was compared to the FEA analysis. For further analysis, FEA was conducted at 34 tons load and the stress was projected using the factor coefficient obtained in the comparison. The findings shows that the slewing is safe to be operated at 34 tones and below as the overall factor of safety is 1.2.
Thermal comfort analysis of a naturally ventilated regular size room equipped with ceiling fan
Authors: Maheshwar A , Ramesh Krishnan L , Gangadhara Kiran Kumar L 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Residential and commercial buildings in India being the bigger contributors to energy consumption possess large energy-saving potential. There is a significant increase in the use of air conditioning to achieve thermal comfort, thereby increasing the total energy consumption and related CO2 emissions. Ceiling fans are common in almost every habitable space of Indian residences, can be used as a hybrid ventilation system. A ceiling fan having exceptionally low energy consumption can be used to achieve thermal comfort thereby limiting the use of air conditioners. In this study, thermal comfort analysis was carried out on a naturally ventilated regular size room equipped with ceiling fan. The room is 3.96m x 3.96m x 3.05m in size. Ceiling fan inside the room generates the air flow and thermal fields. 166 rpm, 215 rpm and 250 rpm are the three fan speeds selected for this study. Both Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation and experimental analysis was conducted. By analysing both numerical and experimental results, 215 rpm fan speed is selected as an optimum speed to achieve thermal comfort in regular size room. This proves fan can be used as a stand-alone device to achieve thermal comfort, where the indoor temperature is maintained at 28°C.
Numerical investigations on phase change material-based battery thermal management system
Authors: Balavinayagam K , K S Unnikrishnan , Rohinikumar B 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Battery module is the power source of electric vehicle (EV). Temperature field of the module affects its performance and life. Battery thermal management system (BTMS) with phase change material (PCM) ensures temperature uniformity within the module. In this paper, two-dimensional model was developed to simulate the thermal and cyclic performances of different PCMs so as to select the suitable one to act as a medium for controlling the temperature of battery in the BTMS. Octadecane, Eicosane, Docosane, Tetracosane and RT25 are the five different considered and they were exposed different thermal conditions through four case studies. Simulation of the five PCMs were carried out in four different cases with COMSOL Multiphysics software. Docosane takes 4500 s to reach the threshold temperature of 60°C and 8790 s to cool to ambient temperature which is performing fairly good in all the PCMs and it was selected as the PCM in BTMS. Three-dimensional model was developed to simulate the BTMS and simulation was carried out with COMSOL Multiphysics software. The battery module is within the acceptable temperature range while heating with a maximum temperature of 52.1°C. The desired temperature uniformity of the battery was observed from the results. PCM was effectively used in the BTMS with a maximum value of maximum liquid fraction of 0.9 achieved in 9210 s.
Experimental Study on the effect of Di-Ethyl Carbonate in Performance, Combustion and Emission Characteristics of CI Engine Fueled with Karanja Oil Blended
Authors: Mathan Raj V , Bharadwaj Chetan , Mandal Yash , Manikandaraja G 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In today’s world where the earth chokes on the pollution caused everyday by the human society the need for alternative means of fuels is now more than ever. We need to find alternative fuel sources as soon as possible as the health and environmental problems caused by the fossil fuels, we use on a daily basis now exceed the benefits provided by them. However, fuel sources which are clean in nature such as hydrogen have not been researched thoroughly enough for them to be implemented in practical use and power sources such as electric power though researched thoroughly and in current use cannot be implemented on a larger scale in such a short period of time. Hence biofuels I.e., fuels extracted from feed crops are our best chance to reduce the effect of pollution caused by fossil fuels. Vegetable oils are one such fuel source that can potentially replace the fossil fuels with none or minimal modifications to the existing engines. In this experimental study, performance, emission and combustion characteristics of Karanja oil blends (K-10, K-20, K-30) with mineral diesel and 5%DEC (Di-ethyl carbonate) additive were investigated in a CI engine at different engine loads and constant engine speed. Combustion analysis revealed that the combustion duration increased significantly even with smaller concentration of Karanja oil in the fuel blend.
Analysis of heat transfer characteristics in helically coiled heat exchanger using Al2O3 and CuO nanofluids
Authors: Muthiah CT , Arvind C , Sekar S , Giri R , Devanathan C , Girisankar S 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Heat exchangers play a vital a role in engineering implementations across various domains of engineering. The advent of nanofluids have enabled and facilitated better modes of heat transfer in heat exchangers. An experimental run is conducted to note the heat transfer characteristics of a helical coil heat exchanger with Aluminium oxide-water, copper oxide-water based nanofluids at three different concentrations (0.1 %,0.2 %,0.3 %). It was observed that there was an increase in heat transfer during the usage of nanofluids when compared to the conventional water being used as a working fluid. The increased heat transfer resulted in an increased effectiveness of heat transfer of the heat exchanger when run with the Aluminium oxide nanofluid and copper oxide nanofluid than water. The heat transfer characteristics of copper oxide nanofluid were more effective and efficient when compared to Aluminium oxide nanofluid. The experimental results were simulated in ANSYS Fluent and the simulated results correlate with the experimental results with minimal deviation (<4%)
Investigation of after treatment technique to mitigate emission in IC Engine
Authors: Balaji G , Suriya M , Shirish S , Adith Murari M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Environmental pollution is a wide-reaching problem and it is likely to influence the health of the living population to a great extent. We need to mitigate the effects of harmful emissions before it is ungovernable. This project will concentrate on the reduction of NOx using ceria alumina catalyst, on a diesel engine as 5.2 kW water-cooled single-cylinder diesel engine. Solution and catalyst will play an important role in this process. Usually, the material is of high cost, here we have to choose low-cost material and solution. This leads to reduced nitrogen oxide (NOx) after treatment. Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) based on a solution like aqueous urea. This paper discusses the development of a static mixer and SCR reactor compatible with CI engine.
Study on viscosity of MWCNT dispersed in ethylene glycol at different operating conditions for thermal applications
Authors: Kathir Kaman M D , Cheralathan M , Sharma Vedansh , Viswanathan Aditya 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In recent times the development of nanotechnology has taken place at an unprecedented rate. Nano-fluids are one of the remarkable outcomes of the development of new technologies that can be used to increase the efficiency of thermal systems. Nanofluids, which consist of particles in nanometre size and a base fluid, have been hailed as a superior alternative compared to a common heat transfer fluid like water due to their better thermal properties and having many potential applications in many fields, especially in HVAC, electronic cooling, solar heating and cooling etc., The MWCNT-based nanofluid with water-ethylene glycol as base fluid is prepared by two-step method, the water and ethylene glycol are mixed in the ratio 80:20 and four different concentrations of nanofluids: 0% wt, 0.015% wt, 0.15% wt, 1.5% wt are prepared. Rheology analysis are made by using rheometer with temperature ranging from from 10° C to 50° C with steps of 10° C and shear rate was controlled with shear stress varying from 0-10 N/m2. The base fluid shows the Newtonian behaviour being shifted to Non-Newtonian Behaviour, specifically shear thinning behaviour. Rate of change of shear also changes with change in temperature and change in shear stress results change in viscosity with higher concentration of nanoparticles showing higher viscosity.