bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Block of Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels as a Potential Novel Anti-cancer Mechanism of TIC10
Authors: Fuchs Eva , Messerer David Alexander Christian , Karpel-Massler Georg , Fauler Michael , Zimmer Thomas , Jungwirth Bettina , Föhr Karl Josef 
Published: October 2021

Background: Tumor therapeutics are aimed to affect tumor cells selectively while sparing healthy ones. For this purpose, a huge variety of different drugs are in use. Recently, also blockers of voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) have been recognized to possess potentially beneficial effects in tumor therapy. As these channels are a frequent target of numerous drugs, we hypothesized that currently used tumor therapeutics might have the potential to block VGSCs in addition to their classical anti-cancer activity. In the present work, we have analyzed the imipridone TIC10, which belongs to a novel class of anti-cancer compounds, for its potency to interact with VGSCs.Methods: Electrophysiological experiments were performed by means of the patch-clamp technique using heterologously expressed human heart muscle sodium channels (hNav1.5), which are among the most common subtypes of VGSCs occurring in tumor cells.Results: TIC10 angular inhibited the hNav1.5 channel in a state- but not use-dependent manner. The affinity for the resting state was weak with an extrapolated Kr of about 600 μM. TIC10 most probably did not interact with fast inactivation. In protocols for slow inactivation, a half-maximal inhibition occurred around 2 µM. This observation was confirmed by kinetic studies indicating that the interaction occurred with a slow time constant. Furthermore, TIC10 also interacted with the open channel with an affinity of approximately 4 µM. The binding site for local anesthetics or a closely related site is suggested as a possible target as the affinity for the well-characterized F1760K mutant was reduced more than 20-fold compared to wild type. Among the analyzed derivatives, ONC212 was similarly effective as TIC10 angular, while TIC10 linear more selectively interacted with the different states.Conclusion: The inhibition of VGSCs at low micromolar concentrations might add to the anti-tumor properties of TIC10.
Pharmacology of Natural Volatiles and Essential Oils in Food, Therapy, and Disease Prophylaxis
Authors: Sadgrove Nicholas John , Padilla-González Guillermo Federico , Leuner Olga , Melnikovova Ingrid , Fernandez-Cusimamani Eloy 
Published: October 2021

This commentary critically examines the modern paradigm of natural volatiles in ‘medical aromatherapy’, first by explaining the semantics of natural volatiles in health, then by addressing chemophenetic challenges to authenticity or reproducibility, and finally by elaborating on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes in food, therapy, and disease prophylaxis. Research over the last 50 years has generated substantial knowledge of the chemical diversity of volatiles, and their strengths and weaknesses as antimicrobial agents. However, due to modest in vitro outcomes, the emphasis has shifted toward the ability to synergise or potentiate non-volatile natural or pharmaceutical drugs, and to modulate gene expression by binding to the lipophilic domain of mammalian cell receptors. Because essential oils and natural volatiles are small and lipophilic, they demonstrate high skin penetrating abilities when suitably encapsulated, or if derived from a dietary item they bioaccumulate in fatty tissues in the body. In the skin or body, they may synergise or drive de novo therapeutic outcomes that range from anti-inflammatory effects through to insulin sensitisation, dermal rejuvenation, keratinocyte migration, upregulation of hair follicle bulb stem cells or complementation of anti-cancer therapies. Taking all this into consideration, volatile organic compounds should be examined as candidates for prophylaxis of cardiovascular disease. Considering the modern understanding of biology, the science of natural volatiles may need to be revisited in the context of health and nutrition.
The Effectiveness of a Centering Meditation Intervention on College Stress and Mindfulness: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Dorais Stephanie , Gutierrez Daniel 
Published: October 2021

Background: Mental health concerns are climbing steadily on college campuses, and universities do not have the staffing and financial resources to address the overwhelming needs of students seeking counseling services. College counselors generally must place students on waitlists or refer them to external resources. Further, during the COVID-19 pandemic, university counselors have been working tirelessly to treat students through online formats. Alternative, online, evidence-based interventions offer college counselors a significant advantage in effectively treating their students. We seek to expand the empirical evidence for mindfulness interventions through online formats for the college population. We registered the study (ISRCTN13587045) at www.isrctn.com.Objective: We examined the effectiveness of a unique online centering meditation and its impact on stress and trait mindfulness in the college population.Methods: Through a randomized controlled trial, the treatment group participated in a 4-week intervention of centering for 10 min each morning and night. We measured stress and mindfulness in both groups through the Perceived Stress Scale and Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale-Revised at baseline, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks.Results: The centering meditation treatment had a statistically significant positive impact on stress and mindfulness compared to a waitlist control group. The meditation group had an average of 64% adherence rate.Conclusion: The study findings indicate that individuals who participate in a 4-week online centering intervention showed improved levels of stress and trait mindfulness over time.Clinical Trial Registration: WHO International Clinical Registry Platform, identifier: ISRCTN13587045.
Prevalence of Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia in Community-Dwelling Dementia Patients: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kwon Chan-Young , Lee Boram 
Published: October 2021

Background: Identifying the characteristics of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) associated with different dementia types may be a promising strategy to effectively deal with BPSD. We aimed to synthesize the prevalence rates of BPSD characteristics in community-dwelling dementia patients.Methods: We searched Medline, EMBASE, and PsycARTICLES databases for original clinical studies published until December 2020 that enrolled at least 300 community-dwelling dementia patients. The methodological qualities of prevalence studies were assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute's critical appraisal checklist.Results: Thirty studies were included. The prevalence of the BPSD characteristic ranged from 4 (elation and mania) to 32% (apathy) in the pooled samples. The prevalence of delusions, anxiety, apathy, irritability, elation and mania, and aberrant motor behavior in Alzheimer's disease patients was 1.72–2.88 times greater than that in vascular dementia (VD) patients, while the prevalence of disinhibition in VD patients was 1.38 times greater. The prevalence of anxiety, irritability, and agitation and aggression, delusion, hallucinations, apathy, disinhibition, and aberrant motor behavior tended to increase as the severity of dementia increased, while that of depression, eating disorder, sleep disorders, and elation and mania tended to stable. In community-dwelling patients with dementia, the pooled prevalence of apathy, depression, anxiety, irritability, agitation and aggression, sleep disorders, and eating disorder was higher than 20%, while that of disinhibition and elation and mania was lower than 10%.Conclusion: Overall, the pooled prevalence of apathy, depression, anxiety, irritability, agitation and aggression, sleep disorders, and eating disorder was generally high in patients with dementia. Also, the prevalence of some BPSD characteristics differed according to the type and the severity of dementia. The methodological quality of the included studies is not the best, and high heterogeneity may affect the certainty of the findings. However, the results of this review can deepen our understanding of the prevalence of BPSD.Systematic Review Registration:https://osf.io/dmj7k, identifier: 10.17605/OSF.IO/DMJ7K.
Detecting Symptom Errors in Neural Machine Translation of Patient Health Information on Depressive Disorders: Developing Interpretable Bayesian Machine Learning Classifiers
Authors: Xie Wenxiu , Ji Meng , Zhao Mengdan , Zhou Tianqi , Yang Fan , Qian Xiaobo , Chow Chi-Yin , Lam Kam-Yiu , Hao Tianyong 
Published: October 2021

Background: Due to its convenience, wide availability, low usage cost, neural machine translation (NMT) has increasing applications in diverse clinical settings and web-based self-diagnosis of diseases. Given the developing nature of NMT tools, this can pose safety risks to multicultural communities with limited bilingual skills, low education, and low health literacy. Research is needed to scrutinise the reliability, credibility, usability of automatically translated patient health information.Objective: We aimed to develop high-performing Bayesian machine learning classifiers to assist clinical professionals and healthcare workers in assessing the quality and usability of NMT on depressive disorders. The tool did not require any prior knowledge from frontline health and medical professionals of the target language used by patients.Methods: We used Relevance Vector Machine (RVM) to increase generalisability and clinical interpretability of classifiers. It is a typical sparse Bayesian classifier less prone to overfitting with small training datasets. We optimised RVM by leveraging automatic recursive feature elimination and expert feature refinement from the perspective of health linguistics. We evaluated the diagnostic utility of the Bayesian classifier under different probability cut-offs in terms of sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios against clinical thresholds for diagnostic tests. Finally, we illustrated interpretation of RVM tool in clinic using Bayes' nomogram.Results: After automatic and expert-based feature optimisation, the best-performing RVM classifier (RVM_DUFS12) gained the highest AUC (0.8872) among 52 competing models with distinct optimised, normalised features sets. It also had statistically higher sensitivity and specificity compared to other models. We evaluated the diagnostic utility of the best-performing model using Bayes' nomogram: it had a positive likelihood ratio (LR+) of 4.62 (95% C.I.: 2.53, 8.43), and the associated posterior probability (odds) was 83% (5.0) (95% C.I.: 73%, 90%), meaning that approximately 10 in 12 English texts with positive test are likely to contain information that would cause clinically significant conceptual errors if translated by Google; it had a negative likelihood ratio (LR-) of 0.18 (95% C.I.: 0.10,0.35) and associated posterior probability (odds) was 16% (0.2) (95% C.I: 10%, 27%), meaning that about 10 in 12 English texts with negative test can be safely translated using Google.
Resilience and Higher Education Support as Protective Factors for Student Academic Stress and Depression During Covid-19 in the Netherlands
Authors: Versteeg Melissa , Kappe Rutger 
Published: October 2021

Background: The corona pandemic has forced higher education (HE) institutes to transition to online learning, with subsequent implications for student wellbeing.Aims: This study explored influences on student wellbeing throughout the first wave of the corona crisis in the Netherlands by testing serial mediation models of the relationships between perceived academic stress, depression, resilience, and HE support.Methods: The Covid-19 International Student Wellbeing Study (C19 ISWS) was used, with a total sample of 2,480 higher education students studying at InHolland Universities of Applied Sciences in the Netherlands. Student subgroups were created, so that students with low and high perceived academic stress could be assessed, in addition to depressed and non-depressed students. Predictive model fit was tested using Macro PROCESS.Results: A significant serial mediation model for the total student sample was revealed, including protective mediating effects of resilience and HE support on the positive direct effect of perceived academic stress on depression. At subgroup level, significant (partial) predictive effects of resilience on depression scores were noted. A partial serial effect between resilience and HE support was found for students with low perceived stress levels, whereas a parallel partial mediation model was present among highly academically stressed students. Regarding non-depressed students, a full parallel mediation model was found, whereas the model for depressed students inadequately explained the data.Conclusions: Overall, resilience and HE support mediate the predictive effect of academic stress on depressive symptoms among students. In addition, substantial differences in model fit arise when inspecting the students on a subgroup level. These findings contribute to the gap in knowledge regarding student wellbeing during the Covid-19 pandemic in the Netherlands, in addition to providing novel insights on student subgroup dynamics. While Covid-19 restrictions continue to demand online learning, student wellbeing may be enhanced overall by targeting resilience and increasing awareness and availability of HE support services. The current study also highlights the need for differential approaches when examining wellbeing for specific student groups.
Post-exercise Cold Water Immersion Does Not Improve Subsequent 4-km Cycling Time-Trial Compared With Passive and Active Recovery in Normothermia
Authors: Egaña Mikel , Allen Lynn , Gleeson Kate , Gildea Norita , Warmington Stuart 
Published: October 2021

Background: We investigated whether a brief cold water immersion between two cycling time trials (TT) improves the performance of the latter compared with passive and active recovery in normothermic conditions (~20°C).Methods: In Experiment 1 10 active participants (4 women) completed two 4-km TT (Ex1 and Ex2, each preceded by a 12 min moderate-intensity warm-up) separated by a 15 min recovery period consisting of: (a) passive rest (PAS) or (b) 5 min cold water immersion at 8°C (CWI-5). In Experiment 2, 13 different active males completed the same Ex1 and Ex2 bouts separated by a 15 min recovery consisting of: (a) PAS, (b) 10 min cold water immersion at 8°C (CWI-10) or (c) 15 min of moderate-intensity active recovery (ACT).Results: In both experiments, the time to complete the 4-km TT-s was not different (P &gt; 0.05, ES = 0.1) among the trials neither in Ex1 (Experiment 1: PAS: 414 ± 39 s; CWI-5: 410 ± 39 s; Experiment 2: PAS: 402 ± 41 s; CWI-10: 404 ± 43 s; ACT: 407 ± 41 s) nor Ex2 (Experiment 1: PAS: 432 ± 43 s; CWI-5: 428 ± 47 s; Experiment 2: PAS: 418 ± 52 s; CWI-10: 416 ± 57 s; ACT: 421 ± 50 s). In addition, in all conditions, the time to complete the time trials was longer (P &lt; 0.05, ES = 0.4) in Ex2 than Ex1. Core temperature was lower (P &lt; 0.05) during the majority of Ex2 after CW-5 compared with passive rest (Experiment 1) and after CWI-10 compared with PAS and ACT (Experiment 2). Perceived exertion was also lower (P &lt; 0.05) at mid-point of Ex2 after CWI-5 compared with PAS (Experiment 1) as well as overall lower during the CWI-10 compared with PAS and ACT conditions (Experiment 2).Conclusion: A post-exercise 5–10 min cold water immersion does not influence subsequent 4-km TT performance in normothermia, despite evoking reductions in thermal strain.
Non-Enzymatic Detection of Glucose in Neutral Solution Using PBS-Treated Electrodeposited Copper-Nickel Electrodes
Authors: Goodnight Lindsey , Butler Derrick , Xia Tunan , Ebrahimi Aida 
Published: October 2021

Transition metals have been explored extensively for non-enzymatic electrochemical detection of glucose. However, to enable glucose oxidation, the majority of reports require highly alkaline electrolytes which can be damaging to the sensors and hazardous to handle. In this work, we developed a non-enzymatic sensor for detection of glucose in near-neutral solution based on copper-nickel electrodes which are electrochemically modified in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Nickel and copper were deposited using chronopotentiometry, followed by a two-step annealing process in air (Step 1: at room temperature and Step 2: at 150 °C) and electrochemical stabilization in PBS. Morphology and chemical composition of the electrodes were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Cyclic voltammetry was used to measure oxidation reaction of glucose in sodium sulfate (100 mM, pH 6.4). The PBS-Cu-Ni working electrodes enabled detection of glucose with a limit of detection (LOD) of 4.2 nM, a dynamic response from 5 nM to 20 mM, and sensitivity of 5.47 ± 0.45 μA cm−2/log10(mole.L−1) at an applied potential of 0.2 V. In addition to the ultralow LOD, the sensors are selective toward glucose in the presence of physiologically relevant concentrations of ascorbic acid and uric acid spiked in artificial saliva. The optimized PBS-Cu-Ni electrodes demonstrate better stability after seven days storage in ambient compared to the Cu-Ni electrodes without PBS treatment.
Pemetaan Suhu Permukaan Laut (SPL) dan Karakteristik Pasang Surut di Perairan Pulau Bali, Indonesia
Authors: Prayogo Luhur Moekti , Natul Al Shida 
Published: October 2021

Dalam bidang oseanografi beberapa fenomena laut dapat dilihat menggunakan peta Suhu Permukaan Laut (SPL). Selain SPL, kondisi pasang surut juga penting untuk diketahui karena menggambarkan karakteristik suatu perairan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui variasi SPL dan karakteristik pasang surut di perairan pulau Bali, Indonesia. Data SPL diperoleh dari National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) pada 2015 – 2017 dan data pasang surut diperoleh dari Badan Informasi Geospasial (BIG) pada bulan Juni 2017 dengan interval data satu jam. Dari hasil percobaan menggunakan metode Admiralty menunjukkan bahwa tipe pasang surut di perairan pulau Bali, Indonesia tergolong Campuran dengan kecendurungan Semi Diurnal dengan bilangan Formzahl sebesar 1.01 (0.25 < F £ 1.5). Kemudian parameter elevasi Highest High Water Level (HHWL) dan Lowest Low Water Level (LLWL) yang diperoleh dari perhitungan sebesar 1.0512 dan -1.0504 meter. Selanjutnya pengolahan data SPL menunjukkan pada Juni 2015 (Musim Kemarau) nilai SPL berkisar 24.05 – 29.11 oC dengan rata-rata sebesar 27.73 oC. Kemudian pada Desember 2016 (Musim Penghujan) nilai SPL berkisar 22.96 – 28.87 oC dengan rata-rata sebesar 27.00 oC. Selanjutnya pada Februari 2017 (Musim Penghujan) nilai SPL berkisar 23.36 – 30.4 oC dengan rata-rata sebesar 27.20 oC. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa SPL di perairan Pulau Bali pada musim penghujan cenderung lebih rendah dibandingkan musim kemarau. Secara umum wilayah bagian utara pulau Bali cenderung memiliki suhu lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan perairan bagian selatan.
WOx matchhead-capped ZnO nanorods for gas-blocking and light-masking behavior
Authors: Huang Wen-Chang , Wang Deng-Yi , Lin Tien-Chai , Kuo Chih-Chen , Chen Jyun-Rong , Lee Chang-Hsueh , Chen Hsiang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this study, matchhead WOx-capped ZnO nanorods (NRs) were formed by hydrothermal and sputtering processes. In order to examine the morphology and material properties, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction were performed. Amorphous circular-shaped WOx heads were successfully grown on top of ZnO NRs. In order to explore the optical and gas responses of the nanostructures, UV-light responses and H2 gas responses were measured for pure ZnO NRs and WOx/ZnO NRs. The results indicate that the WOx matchhead cap can function like an umbrella to block the light absorption and gas reaction. Furthermore, the light and gas response times were lengthened due to the coverage of the WOx match head. WOx matchhead/ZnO nanocomposites can function as light and gas modulation components for optoelectronic devices.
Memoria de trabajo y habilidades de aprendizaje verbal en estudiantes de cuarto grado de primaria
Authors: Rivera Sánchez Claudia Patricia , Ramos Acosta Lizeth , Pérez Serna Chrystian Mauricio , Salamanca Olga Lizbeth 
Published: October 2021

El presente proyecto busca Analizar la relación de la memoria de trabajo con las habilidades de aprendizaje verbal en estudiantes de cuarto grado de primaria de la institución educativa Moderna del municipio de Tuluá, utilizando para ello herramientas como el Trail Making Test, el Taveci y el Promedio académico. Se midieron en total 10 variables cuantitativas, de las cuales se obtuvieron 24 relaciones significativas para los estudiantes de alto desempeño y 6 relaciones significativas para los estudiantes que presentan bajo desempeño, y una variable que se analizó gráficamente que fue el índice de aprendizaje.
Para lograr una producción y comprensión del lenguaje, el cerebro realiza una serie de procesos que activan zonas específicas de la memoria, ya que debe acudir al almacenamiento de conceptos ya sean fonológicos, morfológicos, semánticos, sintácticos o pragmáticos para lograr una relación eficaz entre lo que se habla y la intención con la cual se efectúa la comunicación. Por lo tanto, la memoria es un factor fundamental para la comprensión del lenguaje oral y escrito (Baddeley, 1999).
En este proceso la memoria de trabajo juega un papel importante, dado que hace referencia a la retención y manipulación de información durante cortos períodos de tiempo, en los cuales se realizan acciones más complejas como el razonamiento y la resolución de problemas, además de ser la encargada de manejar conductas según estadios emocionales del organismo; así mismo, permite realizar operaciones de codificación y elaboración de la información para que se integre debidamente a lo que ya posee el ser humano, en ella se evocan los recuerdos que guarda la memoria a largo plazo, lo que le permite al sujeto realizar tareas determinadas (Tirapu & Munóz Céspedes, 2005).
En este orden de ideas, un proceso que hace parte importante en los procesos de memoria a corto y largo plazo, incluyendo la memoria semántica y la discriminación auditiva, es el aprendizaje verbal, pues se refiere a procesos cognitivos que relacionan la memoria y el conocimiento semántico, ya que se ejercita la memoria semántica a corto y largo plazo para la recuperación de información. Aquí juegan un papel importante la conciencia fonológica, el reconocimiento sonido palabra y la comprensión del lenguaje oral, pues son factores implicados en el aprendizaje verbal.
Cameron-Liebler $k$-sets in $\mathrm{AG}(n,q)$
Authors: D'haeseleer Jozefien , Ihringer Ferdinand , Mannaert Jonathan , Storme Leo 
Published: October 2021

We study Cameron-Liebler $k$-sets in the affine geometry, so sets of $k$-spaces in $\mathrm{AG}(n,q)$. This generalizes research on Cameron-Liebler $k$-sets in the projective geometry $\mathrm{PG}(n,q)$. Note that in algebraic combinatorics, Cameron-Liebler $k$-sets of $\mathrm{AG}(n,q)$ correspond to certain equitable bipartitions of the association scheme of $k$-spaces in $\mathrm{AG}(n,q)$, while in the analysis of Boolean functions, they correspond to Boolean degree $1$ functions of $\mathrm{AG}(n,q)$.
We define Cameron-Liebler $k$-sets in $\mathrm{AG}(n,q)$ by intersection properties with $k$-spreads and show the equivalence of several definitions. In particular, we investigate the relationship between Cameron-Liebler $k$-sets in $\mathrm{AG}(n,q)$ and $\mathrm{PG}(n,q)$. As a by-product, we calculate the character table of the association scheme of affine lines. Furthermore, we characterize the smallest examples of Cameron-Liebler $k$-sets.
This paper focuses on $\mathrm{AG}(n,q)$ for $n > 3$, while the case for Cameron-Liebler line classes in $\mathrm{AG}(3,q)$ was already treated separately.