bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidental Gallbladder Cancer: Routine versus Selective Histological Examination After Cholecystectomy
Authors: Alabi Andrew , Arvind A D. , Pawa Nikhil , Karim Shakir , Smith Jason 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background Incidental gallbladder cancer is relatively rare, with an incidence ranging between 0.19 and 5.5% of all the cholecystectomies for benign disease, and carries a poor prognosis. Currently, in the literature, there appears to be some controversy about whether all gallbladder specimens should be sent for routine histopathology. The aim of this study was to investigate the need for either routine or selective histopathological evaluation of all gallbladder specimens following cholecystectomy in our institution.
Methods The records of all patients who underwent a cholecystectomy (laparoscopic and open) for gallstone disease over a 5-year period (between January 2011 and January 2016) were reviewed retrospectively in a single university teaching hospital. Patients with radiological evidence of gallbladder cancer preoperatively were excluded. The notes of patients with incidental gallbladder cancer were reviewed and data were collected for clinical presentation and preoperative investigations including blood tests and radiological imaging.
Results A total of 1,473 specimens were sent for histopathological evaluation, with two patients being diagnosed with an incidental gallbladder cancer (papillary adenocarcinoma in situ and moderately differentiated invasive adenocarcinoma [stage IIIa]). The incidence rate was 0.14%. All patients with incidental gallbladder cancer had macroscopically abnormal specimens.
Conclusion Both patients in our study who were diagnosed with incidental gallbladder cancer had macroscopic abnormalities. A selective rather than routine approach to histological evaluation of gallbladder specimens especially in those with macroscopic abnormalities should be employed. This will reduce the burden on the pathology department with potential cost savings.
Teleconsultation and Teletreatment Protocol to Diagnose and Manage Patients with Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Barreto Renato Gonzaga , Yacovino Darío Andrés , Teixeira Lázaro Juliano , Freitas Mayanna Machado 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Introduction Telehealth consists in the application of technology to provide remote health service. This resource is considered safe and effective and has attracted an exponential interest in the context of the COVID pandemic. Expanded to dizzy patients, it would be able to provide diagnosis and treatment, minimizing the risk of disease transmission. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is the most common vestibular disorder. The diagnosis typically rests on the description of the symptoms along with the nystagmus observed at a well-established positional testing.
Objectives The aim of the present study was to propose a teleconsultation and teletreatment protocol to manage patients with BPPV during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods Specialists in the vestibular field met through remote access technologies to discuss the best strategy to manage BPPV patients by teleconsultation and teletreatment system. Additionally, several scientific sources were consulted. Technical issues, patient safety, and clinical assessment were independently analyzed. All relevant information was considered in order to design a clinical protocol to manage BPPV patients in the pandemic context.
Results Teleconsultation for BPPV patients requires a double way (video and audio) digital system. An adapted informed consent to follow good clinical practice statements must be considered. The time, trigger and target eye bedside examination (TiTRaTe) protocol has proven to be a valuable first approach. The bow and lean test is the most rational screening maneuver for patients with suspected positional vertigo, followed by most specific maneuvers to diagnostic the sub-variants of BPPV.
Conclusion Although with limited evidence, teleconsultation and teletreatment are both reasonable and feasible strategies for the management of patients with BPPV in adverse situations for face-to-face consultation.
Pediatric Fronto-Orbital Skull Reconstruction
Authors: Ferry Andrew M. , Dibbs Rami P. , Sarrami Shayan M. , Abu-Ghname Amjed , Beh Han Zhuang , Maricevich Renata S. , Buchanan Edward P. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCraniofacial surgery in children is a highly challenging discipline that requires extensive knowledge of craniofacial anatomy and pathology. Insults to the fronto-orbital skeleton have the potential to inflict significant morbidity and even mortality in patients due to its proximity to the central nervous system. In addition, significant aesthetic and ophthalmologic disturbances frequently accompany these insults. Craniosynostosis, facial trauma, and craniofacial tumors are all pathologies that frequently affect the fronto-orbital region of the craniofacial skeleton in children. While the mechanisms of these pathologies vary greatly, the underlying principles of reconstruction remain the same. Despite the limited data in certain areas of fronto-orbital reconstruction in children, significant innovations have greatly improved its safety and efficacy. It is imperative that further investigations of fronto-orbital reconstruction are undertaken so that craniofacial surgeons may provide optimal care for these patients.
Research on the effect of air flow extinguishing arc in double jet non-equilibrium field
Authors: Wang Jufeng , Zhang Qixing , Li Zijian , Xu Yuheng , Huang Shangshi , Huang Ping 
Published: February 2021

A dual-jet arc-extinguishing method is proposed in order to improve the performance of jet-extinguishing gaps for extinguishing large currents and reducing the lightning trip-out rate of power lines. Meanwhile, we studied the arc-extinguishing effect of the dual-jet non-equilibrium field gas flow. Based on this, a Double Jet Arc Extinguishing Gap (DJAEG) is developed. First of all, the jet field arc extinction modeling analysis is carried out by coupling the typical MAYR arc model with the jet field. Then, the COMSOL MUTIPHSICS simulation software is used to simulate the arc extinction of the DJAEG in the balanced flow field and the non-balanced flow field. Finally, the DJAEG extinguishment arc test is carried out through the construction of the power frequency continuous flow interruption test. The simulation results show that the velocity of the high-speed jet emitted by the DJAEG can reach 3000 m/s, and the arc can be extinguished within 4 ms. These results also verified that the dual jet non-equilibrium flow field has the characteristics of long jet sustaining time. The test results show that the DJAEG successfully extinguished the arc within 4 ms, and there was no reignition. This means that the dual-jet non-equilibrium field has an obvious arc extinction effect.
Analysis and design of a self-oscillating quasi-digital fluxgate current sensor for DC current measurement
Authors: Yang Xiaoguang , Chen Meiqi , Jia Zhe 
Published: February 2021

In this paper, an open-loop self-oscillating fluxgate-based current measurement method is presented. The proposed sensor does not require the low-pass filter necessary in traditional measurement technologies and does not require an analog-to-digital converter when connected to digital systems. More importantly, although the proposed measurement method is based on the open-loop configuration, its measurement accuracy is close to that of the traditional self-oscillating fluxgate measurement technology based on the closed-loop configuration. Accurate mathematical models are established to describe the basic characteristics of the measurement method, and design criteria of the sensor are proposed. The test results show that the proposed measurement method has good linearity; for example, in the full scale of 100 A, its linearity is about 0.4% and can be improved to below 0.2% when the first-order polynomial fitting method is used.
Scalable, cost-efficient synthesis and properties optimization of magnetoelectric cobalt ferrite/barium titanate composites
Authors: Safi Samghabadi Farnaz , Chang Long , Khodadadi Mohammad , Martirosyan Karen S , Litvinov Dmitri 
Published: February 2021

Cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4)/barium titanate (BaTiO3) particulate composites exhibiting high magnetoelectric coefficients were synthesized from low-cost commercial precursors using mechanical ball milling followed by high-temperature annealing. CoFe2O4 (20 nm–50 nm) and either cubic or tetragonal BaTiO3 nanoparticle powders were used for the synthesis. It was found that utilizing a 50 nm cubic BaTiO3 powder as a precursor results in a composite with a magnetoelectric coupling coefficient value as high as 4.3 mV/Oe cm, which is comparable to those of chemically synthesized core–shell CoFe2O4–BaTiO3 nanoparticles. The microstructure of these composites is dramatically different from the composite synthesized using 200 nm tetragonal BaTiO3 powder. CoFe2O4 grains in the composite prepared using cubic BaTiO3 powder are larger (by at least an order of magnitude) and significantly better electrically insulated from each other by the surrounding BaTiO3 matrix, which results in a high electrical resistivity material. It is hypothesized that mechanical coupling between larger CoFe2O4 grains well embedded in a BaTiO3 matrix in combination with high electrical resistivity of the material enhances the observed magnetoelectric effect.
A novel method to identify and correct asymmetry of dumbbells in a multi-cell elliptical superconducting cavity
Authors: Mohania Praveen , Puntambekar Avinash , Mahawar Ashish , Singh Adarsh Pratap , Rajput Vikas , Namdeo Raj Kumar , Shrivastava Purushottam , Yadav Anand , Moulali Syed , Maurya Tilak , Bagre Manish , V. Vijayakumar , Srivastava V. K. 
Published: February 2021

Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology (RRCAT) has an ongoing program to develop 650 MHz, 5-cell elliptical superconducting RF (SCRF) cavities under the Indian Institutes and Fermilab Collaboration. The elliptical multi-cell SCRF cavity fabrication process involves forming of half-cells and their precise machining and joining by electron beam welding to form end groups and dumbbells, which are then joined to make the final cavity. To ensure that the final welded cavity achieves physical lengths and resonant frequencies within design tolerance and has good field flatness, the measurement and correction of resonant frequency are carried out for dumbbells and end groups. A novel method to identify the frequency of individual half-cells in a dumbbell cavity and a dedicated tuning fixture to correct them had been developed. The paper details the RF characterization and correction procedure employed during fabrication of the first six 650 MHz cavities at RRCAT.
Core-shell Fe3O4@ZnO nanoparticles for magnetic hyperthermia and bio-imaging applications
Authors: Gupta Jagriti , Hassan P. A. , Barick K. C. 
Published: February 2021

Combining two materials having different functional properties has become a current research area for biomedical applications. The progress of nanoplatforms brings new non-invasive imaging and therapeutic tools for cancer treatment. Here, multifunctional magnetic Fe3O4@ZnO core-shell nanoparticles (Fe3O4@ZnO CSNPs) have been developed by using a soft-chemical approach. Fe3O4@ZnO CSNPs is well characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), physical properties measurement system (PPMS), and photoluminescence spectroscopy. XRD and XPS analyses confirm the presence of both Fe3O4 and ZnO phases. TEM micrograph reveals that Fe3O4@ZnO CSNPs are spherical in shape and an average size of 10 nm. Fe3O4@ZnO CSNPs conserve the intrinsic superparamagnetic behavior of its constituent Fe3O4 with a magnetization value of ∼ 31.2 emu/g. These CSNPs exhibit good heating efficacy under the applied AC magnetic field (ACMF). Further, they show a significant reduction in viability of human cervical cancer cells (HeLa) under ACMF and good fluoresecent based cellular imaging capability. Therefore, these results suggested that the multifunctional Fe3O4@ZnO CSNPs could be used as a promising material for image-guided magnetic hyperthermia.
Redox regulation of NADP-malate dehydrogenase is vital for land plants under fluctuating light environment
Authors: Yokochi Yuichi , Yoshida Keisuke , Hahn Florian , Miyagi Atsuko , Wakabayashi Ken-ichi , Kawai-Yamada Maki , Weber Andreas P. M. , Hisabori Toru 
Published: February 2021

Significance
Plant chloroplasts have acquired an evolutionary “redox switch” that regulates the activities of photosynthesis-related enzymes in response to a dynamically changing environment. Because the metabolic state in chloroplasts drastically fluctuates in response to changes in the surrounding environment, it has been considered essential to adjust the activities of chloroplast enzymes. Many efforts have been made to elucidate this regulation in detail. Its physiological role is thought to be due to the fact that fine-tuning of the activity is essential for efficient photosynthesis, but it is still unclear how this is really the case. We have shown that the redox switch of NADP-malate dehydrogenase plays a crucial role in the optimal growth of plants under fluctuating light conditions and prolonged darkness.
Absence of retbindin blocks glycolytic flux, disrupts metabolic homeostasis, and leads to photoreceptor degeneration
Authors: Sinha Tirthankar , Du Jianhai , Makia Mustafa S. , Hurley James B. , Naash Muna I. , Al-Ubaidi Muayyad R. 
Published: February 2021

Significance
The retina has one of the highest energy requirements, and it harbors the highest flavins’ content, essential factors for energy metabolism. It is unclear how the retina manages to preserve the high level of flavins, a topic for investigation. We recently reported a retinal riboflavin-binding protein, called retbindin. Here we report that absence of retbindin results in a significant reduction in retinal flavins, causing toxic metabolite buildup and triggering the retina to lend support to the impaired free-radical scavenging system by repurposing glucose. These have a domino effect, leading to reduced ATP synthesis and metabolic breakdown and results in retinal degeneration. This research emphasizes the role of metabolic changes as a primary cause behind retinal degeneration.
In vivo NIR-II structured-illumination light-sheet microscopy
Authors: Wang Feifei , Ma Zhuoran , Zhong Yeteng , Salazar Felix , Xu Chun , Ren Fuqiang , Qu Liangqiong , Wu Anna M. , Dai Hongjie 
Published: February 2021

Significance
Three-dimensional microscopy in the NIR-II window (1,000 to 1,700 nm) allows noninvasive deep-tissue optical sectioning of live mammals with high spatiotemporal resolution due to suppressed light scattering and reduced tissue autofluorescence. Herein, we present a NIR-II structured-illumination light-sheet microscopy (NIR-II SIM) with both excitation and emission wavelengths in the NIR-IIb window (1,500 to 1,700 nm). Integrating structured illumination into NIR-II light-sheet microscopy further diminished out-of-focus background and improved spatial resolution, facilitating in vivo imaging of cell behavior in the intact tissues without any invasive surgery during a long period. NIR-II SIM enabled longitudinally multiplexed molecular imaging of immune cells in response to immunotherapy in the tumor microenvironment.
Ionization rate and Stark shift of a one-dimensional model of the hydrogen molecular ion
Authors: Henriques J C G , Pedersen Thomas G , Peres N M R 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper we study the ionization rate and the Stark shift of a one-dimensional model of the

H

2

+

ion. The finding of these two quantities is reduced to the solution of a complex eigenvalue problem. We solve this problem both numerically and analytically. In the latter case we consider the regime of small external electrostatic fields and small internuclear distances. We find an excellent agreement between the ionization rate computed with the two approaches, even when the approximate result is pushed beyond its expected validity. The ionization rate is very sensitive to small changes of the external electrostatic field, spanning many orders of magnitude for small changes of the intensity of the external field. The dependence of the ionization on the internuclear distance is also studied, as this has a direct connection with experimental methods in molecular physics. It is shown that for large distances the ionization rate saturates, which is a direct consequence of the behavior of the energy eigenvalue with the internuclear distance. The Stark shift is computed and from it we extract the static polarizability of

H

2

+

and compare our results with those found by other authors using more sophisticated methods. This work provides an extension of what is usually covered in a course of quantum mechanics where the double delta-potential is studied, while also establishing the connection to a concrete physics problem.
Volume fraction determination of microgel composed of interpenetrating polymer networks of PNIPAM and polyacrylic acid
Authors: Franco S , Buratti E , Ruzicka B , Nigro V , Zoratto N , Matricardi P , Zaccarelli E , Angelini R 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Interpenetrated polymer network microgels, composed of crosslinked networks of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and polyacrylic acid (PAAc), have been investigated through rheological measurements at four different amounts of PAAc. Both PAAc content and crosslinking degree modify particle dimensions, mass and softness, thereby strongly affecting the volume fraction and the system viscosity. Here the volume fraction is derived from the flow curves at low concentrations by fitting the zero-shear viscosity with the Einstein–Batchelor equation which provides a parameter k to shift weight concentration to volume fraction. We find that particles with higher PAAc content and crosslinker are characterized by a greater value of k and therefore by larger volume fractions when compared to softer particles. The packing fractions obtained from rheological measurements are compared with those from static light scattering for two PAAc contents revealing a good agreement. Moreover, the behaviour of the viscosity as a function of packing fraction, at room temperature, has highlighted an Arrhenius dependence for microgels synthesized with low PAAc content and a Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann dependence for the highest investigated PAAc concentration. A comparison with the hard spheres behaviour indicates a steepest increase of the viscosity with decreasing particles softness. Finally, the volume fraction dependence of the viscosity at a fixed PAAc and at two different temperatures, below and above the volume phase transition, shows a quantitative agreement with the structural relaxation time measured through dynamic light scattering indicating that interpenetrated polymer network microgels softness can be tuned with PAAc and temperature and that, depending on particle softness, two different routes are followed.
Resolution-dependent subsonic non-thermal line dispersion revealed by ALMA
Authors: Yue Nan-Nan , Li Di , Zhang Qi-Zhou , Zhu Lei , Henshaw Jonathan , Mardones Diego , Ren Zhi-Yuan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We report here Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) N2H+ (1–0) images of the Orion Molecular Cloud 2 and 3 (OMC-2/3) with high angular resolution (3″ or 1200 au) and high spatial dynamic range. Combining a dataset from the ALMA main array, Atacama Compact Array (ACA), Nobeyama 45-m Telescope and Very Large Array (VLA) (providing temperature measurement on matching scales), we find that most of the dense gas in OMC-2/3 is subsonic (σ
NT / C
s = 0.62) with a mean line width (Δυ) of 0.39 km s−1 full width at half maximum (FWHM). This is markedly different from the majority of previous observations of massive star-forming regions. In contrast, line widths from the Nobeyama Telescope are transonic at 0.69 km s−1 (σ
NT / C
s = 1.08). We demonstrated that the larger line widths obtained by the single-dish telescope arose from unresolved sub-structures within their respective beams. The dispersions from larger scales σls
(as traced by the Nobeyama Telescope) can be decomposed into three components such that

σ

ls

2

=

σ

ss

2

+

σ

bm

2

+

σ

rd

2

, where small-scale σ
ss is the line dispersion of each ALMA beam, bulk motion σ
bm is dispersion between peak velocity of each ALMA beam and σ
rd is the residual dispersion. Such decomposition, though purely empirical, appears to be robust throughout our data cubes. Apparent supersonic line widths, commonly found in massive molecular clouds, are thus likely due to the effect of poor spatial resolution. The observed non-thermal line dispersion (sometimes referred to as ‘turbulence’) transits from supersonic to subsonic at ∼ 0.05 pc scales in the OMC-2/3 region. Such transition could be commonly found with sufficient spatial (not just angular) resolution, even in regions with massive young clusters, such as the Orion molecular clouds studied here.
A testability allocation method suitable for engineering application
Authors: Gong Jie , Yang Min-jing 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Firstly introduces the commonly used distribution methods of testability in engineering, and points out that the existing distribution methods have poor operability and inconvenience.A new method of assigning testability index according to failure rate is proposed. This method uses the undetectable rate and the unisolated rate to distribute the primary testability index. Then according to the data obtained in the designer’s design, the secondary distribution is carried out in combination with the reliability index and data. This method not only improves the implementability of testability allocation, but also harmonizes the relationship between testability allocation and reliability allocation. Finally, an airborne wireless communication unit is taken as an example to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of this method.
Stability analysis and control for composite tape winding process
Authors: He Xiao-dong , Li Hua-lian , Yang shi-xin , Li Hai-qing 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In the composite winding process of thermal protection materials, the thickness errors of prepreg tape will result in an unstable winding process. In order to alleviate this problem, a control system is required. Therefore, a winding control system had been designed to control the stability by eliminate the winding error based on the analysis of stability winding process. The control system consists a speed controlled rotational roller. The thickness errors of the tape can be detected, and the rotational roller can be controlled to eliminate the errors and maintain the stability of winding process. Experimental results illustrate that the winding speed is converged in 30 second with a 30% initial thickness error, and winding control system could maintain the stability of winding process.
Failure Analysis of Asphalt Foaming Device Based on FEMA and FTA
Authors: Luo Zhun , Cheng Hai-Ying 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The FMEA method is a bottom-up method, and the FTA method is a top-down method. This paper proposes to combine the two methods, using the complementarity of the FMEA method and the FTA method, and targeting the innovative product- The six subsystems of the bubble device perform fault analysis, grasp the key parts of the fault, and propose corresponding solutions based on a comprehensive analysis of the fault. The analysis results show that the failures of the asphalt foaming device mainly occur before and during the asphalt foaming. The FMEA table reflects that the RPN value of the two failure factors of the blockage of the asphalt pipeline and the blockage of the water nozzle is the largest. The three failure factors with the highest severity level (SER) are heater damage, motor damage and PLC control device failure.