bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ANALYSIS OF CELL TRANSMISSION MODEL FOR TRAFFIC FLOW SIMULATION WITH APPLICATION TO NETWORK TRAFFIC
Authors: MAULANA A. S. , PUDJAPRASETYA S. R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe cell transmission model (CTM) is a macroscopic model that describes the dynamics of traffic flow over time and space. The effectiveness and accuracy of the CTM are discussed in this paper. First, the CTM formula is recognized as a finite-volume discretization of the kinematic traffic model with a trapezoidal flux function. To validate the constructed scheme, the simulation of shock waves and rarefaction waves as two important elements of traffic dynamics was performed. Adaptation of the CTM for intersecting and splitting cells is discussed. Its implementation on the road segment with traffic influx produces results that are consistent with the analytical solution of the kinematic model. Furthermore, a simulation on a simple road network shows the back and forth propagation of shock waves and rarefaction waves. Our numerical result agrees well with the existing result of Godunov’s finite-volume scheme. In addition, from this accurately proven scheme, we can extract information for the average travel time on a certain route, which is the most important information a traveller needs. It appears from simulations of different scenarios that, depending on the circumstances, a longer route may have a shorter travel time. Finally, there is a discussion on the possible application for traffic management in Indonesia during the Eid al-Fitr exodus.
Fibromyalgia as a Heterogeneous Condition: Subgroups of Patients Based on Physical Symptoms and Cognitive-Affective Variables Related to Pain
Authors: Martínez M. Pilar , Sánchez Ana I. , Prados Germán , Lami María J. , Villar Beatriz , Miró Elena 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic syndrome characterized by heterogeneous clinical manifestations, and knowing this variability can help to develop tailored treatments. To understand better the heterogeneity of FM the present cross-sectional study analyzed the role of several physical symptoms (pain, fatigue and poor sleep quality) and cognitive-affective variables related to pain (pain catastrophizing, pain vigilance, self-efficacy in pain management, and pain acceptance) in the configuration of clinical profiles. A sample of 161 women with FM fulfilled an interview and several self-report measures to explore physical symptoms, cognitive-affective variables, disability and psychopathology. To establish FM groups a hierarchical cluster analysis was performed. The findings revealed three clusters that differed in the grouping variables, Wilks’ λ = .17,F(14, 304) = 31.50,p< .001, ηp2= .59. Group 1 (n= 72) was characterized by high physical and psychological affectation, Group 2 (n= 19) by low physical affectation and high pain self-efficacy, and Group 3 (n= 70) by moderate physical affectation and low pain catastrophizing. The external validation of the clusters was confirmed, Wilks’ λ = .72,F(4, 314) = 14.09,p< .001, ηp2= .15, showing Group 1 the highest levels of FM impact and psychopathological distress. Considering the distinctive clinical characteristics of each subgroup therapeutic strategies addressed to the specific needs of each group were suggested. Assessing FM profiles may be key for a better understanding and approach of this syndrome.
Slab Temperature Evolution Over the Lifetime of a Subduction Zone
Authors: Holt A. F. , Condit C. B. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe thermal evolution of subducting slabs controls a range of subduction processes, yet we lack a robust understanding of how thermal structure develops over a subduction zone's lifetime. We investigate the time‐dependence of slab thermal structure using dynamically consistent, time evolving models. Pressure‐temperature (P–T) conditions along the slab Moho and slab top exhibit substantial variability throughout the various phases of subduction: initiation, free sinking, and mature subduction. This variability occurs in response to time‐dependent subduction properties (e.g., fast vs. slow convergence) and thermal structure inherited from previous phases (e.g., due to upper plate aging). At a given depth, the slab cools rapidly during initiation, after which slower cooling occurs. In the case of the Moho, additional cooling occurs during the free sinking phase. We explore the implications of time‐dependent thermal structure on exhumed rocks and slab dehydration. Modeled slab top P–T paths span much of the P–T space associated with exhumed rocks, suggesting a significant component of recorded variability may have dynamic origins. Coupling our P–T profiles with thermodynamic models of oceanic lithosphere, we show that dehydrating ultramafic rocks at the slab Moho provide the bulk of hydrous fluid at subarc depths during the earliest phases. Over subsequent phases, these rocks carry fluids into the deeper mantle, and it is mafic crust along the slab top that releases water at subarc depths. We conclude that varying subduction conditions, and non‐steady‐state thermal structure, challenge the utility of kinematically driven models with constant subduction parameters, particularly for investigating thermal structure in the geological past.
Paleogene Sedimentary Records of the Paleo‐Jinshajiang (Upper Yangtze) in the Jianchuan Basin, Yunnan, SW China
Authors: He Mengying , Zheng Hongbo , Clift Peter D. , Bian Zixuan , Yang Qing , Zhang Bihui , Xia Lei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCenozoic surface uplift of Tibetan Plateau has driven the birth and reorganization of large river systems in Asia. The development of the Yangtze River, closely linked to plateau uplift, has important implications for the regional tectonic‐geomorphology processes, but is still under debate. The key scientific question is whether the Upper Yangtze (upper Jinshajiang) once flowed southeast to the South China Sea. In this study, we carried out provenance analysis on Paleogene sedimentary rocks in the Jianchuan Basin, composed of the Baoxiangsi, Jinsichang, and Shuanghe formations. We compared them with similar deposits in other regional basins, as well as with potential sources. Heavy‐mineral and geochemical data show that sediments from the Jinsichang formation are more mature compared with those from the Shuanghe and Baoxiangsi formations. The Jinsichang formation represents the products of a large fluvial system, whereas the Baoxiangsi formation is mainly dominated by local sources. The Shuanghe formation contains material from both distant sources and locally eroded materials. Detrital zircon U‐Pb age patterns from the Jianchuan Basin are similar to those in sediments in the Gonjo, Simao, and Chuxiong basins, and show great similarity with the modern Jinshajiang River. Statistical analysis of the zircon ages suggests that the Songpan‐Ganzi terrane was the primary source for all sediments, while the Yangtze Craton and northern Qiangtang terrane constitute secondary sources. Taken together these data confirm that a paleo‐Jinshajiang flowed south toward to the South China Sea from the SE Tibetan Plateau in the late Eocene, constraining the age of formation of the First Bend.
What Triggers Caldera Ring‐Fault Subsidence at Ambrym Volcano? Insights From the 2015 Dike Intrusion and Eruption
Authors: Shreve T. , Grandin R. , Smittarello D. , Cayol V. , Pinel V. , Boichu M. , Morishita Y. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSurface deformation accompanying dike intrusions is dominated by uplift and horizontal motion directly related to the intrusions. In some cases, it includes subsidence due to associated magma reservoir deflation. When reservoir deflation is large enough, it can form, or reactivate preexisting, caldera ring‐faults. Ring‐fault reactivation, however, is rarely observed during moderate‐sized eruptions. On February 21, 2015 at Ambrym volcano in Vanuatu, a basaltic dike intrusion produced more than 1 m of coeruptive uplift, as measured by InSAR, synthetic aperture radar correlation, and Multiple Aperture Interferometry. Here, we show that an average of ∼40 cm of slip occurred on a normal caldera ring‐fault during this moderate‐sized (VEI < 3) event, which intruded a volume of ∼24 × 106 m3 and erupted ∼9.3 × 106 m3 of lava (DRE). Using the 3D Mixed Boundary Element Method, we explore the stress change imposed by the opening dike and the depressurizing reservoir on a passive, frictionless fault. Normal fault slip is promoted when stress is transferred from a depressurizing reservoir beneath one of Ambrym's main craters. After estimating magma compressibility, we provide an upper bound on the critical fraction (f = 7%) of magma extracted from the reservoir to trigger fault slip. We infer that broad basaltic calderas may form in part by hundreds of subsidence episodes no greater than a few meters, as a result of magma extraction from the reservoir during moderate‐sized dike intrusions.
Quantifying Eruptive and Background Seismicity, Deformation, Degassing, and Thermal Emissions at Volcanoes in the United States During 1978–2020
Authors: Reath K. , Pritchard M. E. , Roman D. C. , Lopez T. , Carn S. , Fischer T. P. , Lu Z. , Poland M. P. , Vaughan R. G. , Wessels R. , Wike L. L. , Tran H. K. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAn important aspect of volcanic hazard assessment is determination of the level and character of background activity at a volcano so that deviations from background (called unrest) can be identified. Here, we compile the instrumentally recorded eruptive and noneruptive activity for 161 US volcanoes between 1978 and 2020. We combine monitoring data from four techniques: seismicity, ground deformation, degassing, and thermal emissions. To previous work, we add the first comprehensive survey of US volcanoes using medium‐spatial resolution satellite thermal observations, newly available field surveys of degassing, and new compilations of seismic and deformation data. We report previously undocumented thermal activity at 30 volcanoes using data from the spaceborne ASTER sensor during 2000–2020. To facilitate comparison of activity levels for all US volcanoes, we assign a numerical classification of the Activity Intensity Level for each monitoring technique, with the highest ranking corresponding to an eruption. There are 96 US volcanoes (59%) with at least one type of detected activity, but this represents a lower bound: For example, there are 12 volcanoes where degassing has been observed but has not yet been quantified. We identify dozens of volcanoes where volcanic activity is only measured by satellite (45% of all thermal observations), and other volcanoes where only ground‐based sensors have detected activity (e.g., all seismic and 62% of measured degassing observations). Our compilation provides a baseline against which future measurements can be compared, demonstrates the need for both ground‐based and remote observations, and serves as a guide for prioritizing future monitoring efforts.
Sources, Occurrence and Characteristics of Fluorescent Biological Aerosol Particles Measured Over the Pristine Southern Ocean
Authors: Moallemi Alireza , Landwehr Sebastian , Robinson Charlotte , Simó Rafel , Zamanillo Marina , Chen Gang , Baccarini Andrea , Schnaiter Martin , Henning Silvia , Modini Robin L. , Gysel‐Beer Martin , Schmale Julia 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this study, we investigate the occurrence of primary biological aerosol particles (PBAP) over all sectors of the Southern Ocean (SO) based on a 90‐day data set collected during the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition (ACE) in austral summer 2016–2017. Super‐micrometer PBAP (1–16 µm diameter) were measured by a wide band integrated bioaerosol sensor (WIBS‐4). Low (3σ) and high (9σ) fluorescence thresholds are used to obtain statistics on fluorescent and hyper‐fluorescent PBAP, respectively. Our focus is on data obtained over the pristine ocean, that is, more than 200 km away from land. The results indicate that (hyper‐)fluorescent PBAP are correlated to atmospheric variables associated with sea spray aerosol (SSA) particles (wind speed, total super‐micrometer aerosol number concentration, chloride and sodium concentrations). This suggests that a main source of PBAP over the SO is SSA. The median percentage contribution of fluorescent and hyper‐fluorescent PBAP to super‐micrometer SSA was 1.6% and 0.13%, respectively. We demonstrate that the fraction of (hyper‐)fluorescent PBAP to total super‐micrometer particles positively correlates with concentrations of bacteria and several taxa of pythoplankton measured in seawater, indicating that marine biota concentrations modulate the PBAP source flux. We investigate the fluorescent properties of (hyper‐)fluorescent PBAP for several events that occurred near land masses. We find that the fluorescence signal characteristics of particles near land is much more variable than over the pristine ocean. We conclude that the source and concentration of fluorescent PBAP over the open ocean is similar across all sampled sectors of the SO.
Protein arginine methyltransferases: promising targets for cancer therapy
Authors: Hwang Jee Won , Cho Yena , Bae Gyu-Un , Kim Su-Nam , Kim Yong Kee 
Published: May 2021

AbstractProtein methylation, a post-translational modification (PTM), is observed in a wide variety of cell types from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. With recent and rapid advancements in epigenetic research, the importance of protein methylation has been highlighted. The methylation of histone proteins that contributes to the epigenetic histone code is not only dynamic but is also finely controlled by histone methyltransferases and demethylases, which are essential for the transcriptional regulation of genes. In addition, many nonhistone proteins are methylated, and these modifications govern a variety of cellular functions, including RNA processing, translation, signal transduction, DNA damage response, and the cell cycle. Recently, the importance of protein arginine methylation, especially in cell cycle regulation and DNA repair processes, has been noted. Since the dysregulation of protein arginine methylation is closely associated with cancer development, protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) have garnered significant interest as novel targets for anticancer drug development. Indeed, several PRMT inhibitors are in phase 1/2 clinical trials. In this review, we discuss the biological functions of PRMTs in cancer and the current development status of PRMT inhibitors in cancer therapy.
JunB is a key regulator of multiple myeloma bone marrow angiogenesis
Authors: Fan Fengjuan , Malvestiti Stefano , Vallet Sonia , Lind Judith , Garcia-Manteiga Jose Manuel , Morelli Eugenio , Jiang Qinyue , Seckinger Anja , Hose Dirk , Goldschmidt Hartmut , Stadlbauer Andreas , Sun Chunyan , Mei Heng , Pecherstorfer Martin , Bakiri Latifa , Wagner Erwin F. , Tonon Giovanni , Sattler Martin , Hu Yu , Tassone Pierfrancesco , Jaeger Dirk , Podar Klaus 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBone marrow (BM) angiogenesis significantly influences disease progression in multiple myeloma (MM) patients and correlates with adverse prognosis. The present study shows a statistically significant correlation of the AP-1 family member JunB with VEGF, VEGFB, and IGF1 expression levels in MM. In contrast to the angiogenic master regulator Hif-1α, JunB protein levels were independent of hypoxia. Results in tumor-cell models that allow the induction of JunB knockdown or JunB activation, respectively, corroborated the functional role of JunB in the production and secretion of these angiogenic factors (AFs). Consequently, conditioned media derived from MM cells after JunB knockdown or JunB activation either inhibited or stimulated in vitro angiogenesis. The impact of JunB on MM BM angiogenesis was finally confirmed in a dynamic 3D model of the BM microenvironment, a xenograft mouse model as well as in patient-derived BM sections. In summary, in continuation of our previous study (Fan et al., 2017), the present report reveals for the first time that JunB is not only a mediator of MM cell survival, proliferation, and drug resistance, but also a promoter of AF transcription and consequently of MM BM angiogenesis. Our results thereby underscore worldwide efforts to target AP-1 transcription factors such as JunB as a promising strategy in MM therapy.
Comprehensive Review of AL amyloidosis: some practical recommendations
Authors: Al Hamed Rama , Bazarbachi Abdul Hamid , Bazarbachi Ali , Malard Florent , Harousseau Jean-Luc , Mohty Mohamad 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAmyloid light chain (AL) amyloidosis is among the more common and more severe of the amyloidoses usually involving the slow proliferation of a bone-marrow-residing plasma cell (PC) clone and the secretion of unstable immunoglobulin-free light chains (FLC) that infiltrate peripheral tissues and result in detrimental end-organ damage. Disease presentation is rather vague, and the hallmark of treatment is early diagnosis before irreversible end-organ damage. Once diagnosed, treatment decision is transplant-driven whereby ~20% of patients are eligible for autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) with or without bortezomib-based induction. In the setting of ASCT-ineligibility, bortezomib plays a central role in upfront treatment with the recent addition of daratumumab to the current emerging standard of care. In general, management of AL amyloidosis is aimed at achieving deep, durable responses with very close monitoring for early detection of relapse/refractory disease. This article provides a comprehensive review of the management of patients with AL amyloidosis including goals of therapy, current treatment guidelines in the setting of both ASCT-eligibility and ineligibility, treatment response monitoring recommendations, toxicity management, and treatment of relapse/refractory disease.
High incidence of thromboembolism in patients with chronic GVHD: association with severity of GVHD and donor-recipient ABO blood group
Authors: El Jurdi Najla , Elhusseini Heba , Beckman Joan , DeFor Todd E. , Okoev Grigori , Rogosheske John , Lazaryan Aleksandr , Weiler Kristen , Bachanova Veronika , Betts Brian C. , Blazar Bruce R. , Brunstein Claudio G. , He Fiona , Holtan Shernan G. , Janakiram Murali , Gangaraju Radhika , Maakaron Joseph , MacMillan Margaret L. , Rashidi Armin , Warlick Erica D. , Bhatia Smita , Vercellotti Gregory , Weisdorf Daniel J. , Arora Mukta 
Published: May 2021

AbstractChronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is associated with systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, increasing risk for thromboembolic events (TEE). In 145 adult recipients who developed cGVHD after a matched sibling or umbilical cord blood donor HCT from 2010 to 2018, 32(22%) developed at least 1 TEE event, and 14(10%) developed 2 TEE events. The 5-year cumulative incidence of TEE was 22% (95% CI, 15–29%) with a median time from cGVHD to TEE of 234 days (range, 12–2050). Median time to the development of LE DVT or PE was 107 (range, 12–1925) compared to 450 days (range, 158–1300) for UE DVT. Cumulative incidence of TEE was 9% (95% CI, 0–20%), 17% (95% CI, 9–25%), and 38% (95% CI, 22–55%) in those with mild, moderate, and severe GVHD, respectively. Higher risk for TEE was associated with cGVHD severity (hazard ratio [HR] 4.9, [95% CI, 1.1–22.0]; p = 0.03), non-O-donor to recipient ABO match compared to O-donor to O-recipient match (HR 2.7, [95% CI, 1.0–7.5]; p = 0.053), and personal history of coronary artery disease (HR 2.4, [95% CI, 1.1–5.3]; p = 0.03). TEE was not associated with 2-year non-relapse mortality or 5-year overall survival.
Notch3 inhibits cell proliferation and tumorigenesis and predicts better prognosis in breast cancer through transactivating PTEN
Authors: Zhang Yong-Qu , Liang Yuan-Ke , Wu Yang , Chen Min , Chen Wei-Ling , Li Rong-Hui , Zeng Yun-Zhu , Huang Wen-He , Wu Jun-Dong , Zeng De , Gao Wen-Liang , Chen Chun-Fa , Lin Hao-Yu , Yang Rui-Qin , Zhu Jiang-Wen , Liu Wan-Ling , Bai Jing-Wen , Wei Min , Wei Xiao-Long , Zhang Guo-Jun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNotch receptors (Notch1–4) play critical roles in tumorigenesis and metastasis of malignant tumors, including breast cancer. Although abnormal Notch activation is related to various tumors, the importance of single receptors and their mechanism of activation in distinct breast cancer subtypes are still unclear. Previous studies by our group demonstrated that Notch3 may inhibit the emergence and progression of breast cancer. PTEN is a potent tumor suppressor, and its loss of function is sufficient to promote the occurrence and progression of tumors. Intriguingly, numerous studies have revealed that Notch1 is involved in the regulation of PTEN through its binding to CBF-1, a Notch transcription factor, and the PTEN promoter. In this study, we found that Notch3 and PTEN levels correlated with the luminal phenotype in breast cancer cell lines. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Notch3 transactivated PTEN by binding CSL-binding elements in the PTEN promoter and, at least in part, inhibiting the PTEN downstream AKT-mTOR pathway. Notably, Notch3 knockdown downregulated PTEN and promoted cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. In contrast, overexpression of the Notch3 intracellular domain upregulated PTEN and inhibited cell proliferation and tumorigenesis in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, inhibition or overexpression of PTEN partially reversed the promotion or inhibition of cell proliferation induced by Notch3 alterations. In general, Notch3 expression positively correlated with elevated expression of PTEN, ER, lower Ki-67 index, and incidence of involved node status and predicted better recurrence-free survival in breast cancer patients. Therefore, our findings demonstrate that Notch3 inhibits breast cancer proliferation and suppresses tumorigenesis by transactivating PTEN expression.
Nicotine aggravates vascular adiponectin resistance via ubiquitin-mediated adiponectin receptor degradation in diabetic Apolipoprotein E knockout mouse
Authors: Gao Jia , Fan Jianghong , Meng Zhijun , Wang Rui , Liu Caihong , Liu Jing , Liang Bin , Wang Jing , Xie Yaoli , Zhao Jing , Guo Rui , Zhao Jianli , Ma Xinliang , Jiao Xiangying , Cao Jimin , Wang Yajing 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThere is limited and discordant evidence on the role of nicotine in diabetic vascular disease. Exacerbated endothelial cell dysregulation in smokers with diabetes is associated with the disrupted adipose function. Adipokines possess vascular protective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic properties. However, whether and how nicotine primes and aggravates diabetic vascular disorders remain uncertain. In this study, we evaluated the alteration of adiponectin (APN) level in high-fat diet (HFD) mice with nicotine (NIC) administration. The vascular pathophysiological response was evaluated with vascular ring assay. Confocal and co-immunoprecipitation analysis were applied to identify the signal interaction and transduction. These results indicated that the circulating APN level in nicotine-administrated diabetic Apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE−/−) mice was elevated in advance of 2 weeks of diabetic ApoE−/− mice. NIC and NIC addition in HFD groups (NIC + HFD) reduced the vascular relaxation and signaling response to APN at 6 weeks. Mechanistically, APN receptor 1 (AdipoR1) level was decreased in NIC and further significantly reduced in NIC + HFD group at 6 weeks, while elevated suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) expression was induced by NIC and further augmented in NIC + HFD group. Additionally, nicotine provoked SOCS3, degraded AdipoR1, and attenuated APN-activated ERK1/2 in the presence of high glucose and high lipid (HG/HL) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). MG132 (proteasome inhibitor) administration manifested that AdipoR1 was ubiquitinated, while inhibited SOCS3 rescued the reduced AdipoR1. In summary, this study demonstrated for the first time that nicotine primed vascular APN resistance via SOCS3-mediated degradation of ubiquitinated AdipoR1, accelerating diabetic endothelial dysfunction. This discovery provides a potential therapeutic target for preventing nicotine-accelerated diabetic vascular dysfunction.