bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incentives for smoking cessation in a rural pharmacy setting: The Tobacco Free Communities program
Authors: Breen Rachel J. , Frandsen Mai , Ferguson Stuart G. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveInvestigate the smoking‐related outcomes and feasibility of a pharmacy‐led financial incentive program for smoking cessation.DesignMulti‐site single‐arm trial of the Tobacco Free Communities program.SettingCommunity pharmacies within the Glamorgan Spring Bay (Site 1) and George Town (Site 2) municipalities of Tasmania.ParticipantsAdult smokers. Based on funding, the recruitment target was 76 smokers.InterventionsPharmacy staff provided quitting advice through 7 sessions over 3 months. At 6 sessions, abstinent participants (no cigarettes in the previous week and expired carbon monoxide ≤4 ppm) were rewarded with AU$50 vouchers.Main outcome measuresSmoking‐related outcomes were decreased smoking (self‐reported cigarettes per day and carbon monoxide levels) and abstinence rates. Feasibility outcomes were meeting the recruitment target, participant retention and participants' views of the program (measured by interview data from Site 2).ResultsNinety individuals enrolled. Sixty‐two participants were included in analyses; remaining participants were excluded from analyses because they did not consent to use of their data within this study or had carbon monoxide ≤4 ppm at enrolment. Smoking (carbon monoxide and cigarettes per day) significantly decreased between enrolment and the first financial incentive session. Twelve participants (19.35%) were abstinent at the end of the program. Yet retention was poor; only 13 participants (20.97%) attended all sessions. Interviews suggested participants found the program beneficial.ConclusionsProviding financial incentive within rural community pharmacies could be a viable method of encouraging smoking reductions and quit attempts. Additional work is needed to increase retention and compare effects to usual care pharmacy practices.
Prevalence and risk factors associated with alcohol consumption among indigenous people in Sabah Borneo Island
Authors: Abd Rashid Rusdi Bin , Mohd Daud Mohd Nazri Bin , Guad Rhanye Mac , Gan Siew Hua , Wan Husin Wan Azlinda Irnee Binti , Giloi Nelbon , Danaee Mahmoud , Said Mas Ayu Binti , Lin MMED Constance Liew Sat , Bulan Ramy , Manah Abdul Marsudi Bin , Hashim Azirah Binti , Seghatoleslam Taherehbeygom , Habil Mohamad Hussain 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesIn this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of alcohol use among a cohort of population in Sabah.DesignThis is a prospective, cohort study involving rural community residents.SettingRural community resident at Bingkor, Keningau, Sabah.Participants363 individuals aged 13 years old and above.InterventionCommunity‐based participatory research to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with alcohol use.Main outcome measuresMeasurement of alcohol use using Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and assessment of psychiatric morbidity using Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) questionnaires.ResultsMost alcohol drinkers aged between 36‐45 years old, followed by 26‐35 years old and 46‐55 years old. Interestingly, there are almost similar female to male ratio. Most were Kadazan‐Dusun ethnic, non‐Muslims, and married. Although only less than a third of the participants received tertiary education, the majority were working. Based on the findings, being a male, non‐Muslim and having an obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD) (current) posed a significantly higher risk of alcohol consumption.ConclusionA worryingly high prevalence of hazardous alcohol consumption among the locals is reported. There is a need for population‐wide intervention towards preventive measures based on the identified risk factors for hazardous alcohol use.
Paediatric off‐road vehicle injury in rural and regional Australia
Authors: Mulligan Christopher S. , Adams Susan , Soundappan Soundappan S. V. , Albanese Bianca , Brown Julie 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveOff‐road riding of quad bikes and motorcycles is common among children across rural and remote Australia, but is a significant source of injury and hospitalisation. An in‐depth analysis of paediatric off‐road vehicle crashes was undertaken to inform injury prevention countermeasures by characterising injury patterns and sources of injury.DesignThis is a prospective in‐depth case series.ParticipantsParticipants are children aged 16 and under who have been hospitalised due to injury sustained from the use of an off‐road motorcycle or quad bike in New South Wales, Australia.InterventionsCrash investigation techniques (medical data, structured interview, vehicle and crash site inspection) were used to ascertain details of the crash event, protective gear, injury information and contributory factors.ResultsThirty children were recruited, 27 boys and 3 girls, ranging in age from 4 to 16 years, having crashed on off‐road motorcycles (n = 27) or quads (n = 3). Most (73.3%) were participating in unstructured social riding. A total of 67 separate injuries were observed, with overall Injury Severity Scores between 1 and 35. There were high rates of wearing helmets and motorcycle‐specific garments. The most commonly injured areas were the upper and lower extremities. The most common sources of injury were from impacting the ground, obstacles/other riders or the vehicle.ConclusionThis study demonstrates the patterns of riding and injury in rural paediatric off‐road vehicle riders, occurring despite high rates of helmet/protective gear use. This underscores the need for investigation into the injury mitigation and fit properties of protective gear and the inherent risks for physically and developmentally maturing children.
Use of a quality improvement strategy to increase drug and alcohol consultation and care opportunities for mental health inpatients in rural and remote New South Wales
Authors: Kealy‐Bateman Warren , Christian Namrata , Wetton Rebecca , Bruce Billy‐Jo , Rowe Deborah , McIntyre Sharon 
Published: June 2021

AbstractProblemMental health inpatients have high rates of co‐morbid substance use disorders which may exceed 50% in addition to the presenting complaint(s). Treating teams may prioritise, and substance use disorders are often not addressed.SettingDubbo inpatient mental health units.Key measures for improvementRates of drug and alcohol consult of inpatients.DesignRetrospective audit of all inpatient records for mental health units at Dubbo Hospital (May‐October period 2018 and 2019) following the intervention. Qualitative reflections of clinical staff were also included.Strategies for changeFrom early 2019, the problem was communicated with staff via education and open discussion. Modelling of the expected numbers of referral was understood as manageable within existing resources. The agenda of the morning meeting then always included an item that asked all team members to identify and refer a person if they needed drug and alcohol care.Effect of changeConsultation by the drug and alcohol clinical nurse consultant increased from 48 of 228 (21%) patients in the 2018 period to 83 of 232 (35.8%) patients in the 2019 period.Lessons learntThe community and inpatient multidisciplinary team can correctly inform and increase drug and alcohol referral for mental health inpatients.
Rural pharmacists and stakeholders perspectives of expanded pharmacy practice: A descriptive study
Authors: Taylor Selina Maree , Cairns Alice , Glass Beverley D 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo explore pharmacist and stakeholder perspectives of pharmacists providing expanded services in rural community pharmacies.DesignA descriptive qualitative study with an ethnographic lens of rural culture collected data via in‐depth semi‐structured interviews with stakeholder representatives and rural and remote pharmacists.SettingRegional, rural and remote practice settings as defined by the Modified Monash Model MM3‐MM7.ParticipantsTwelve rural or remote pharmacists and eight stakeholder representatives from various government and professional organisations participated in the study.Main outcome measureMacro‐, meso‐ and micro‐level perspectives of pharmacists providing expanded pharmacy services in rural community pharmacies.ResultAt the macro‐level, both pharmacists and stakeholders agreed that governance is needed to clarify the terms used to describe expanded practice as a first step to developing an expanded practice framework. The meso‐level revealed that pharmacist participants expected expanded practice to improve rural pharmacist recruitment and retention through improved professional satisfaction. The importance of effective collaboration and coordination with other health care providers in a community was described by pharmacists and stakeholders to ensure success of expanded services. All participants agreed that sustainability of these services relied on appropriate remuneration. At the micro‐level, expanded pharmacy services are expected to save consumers’ time and money as patients are redirected into appropriate health care settings.ConclusionEnablers and barriers across policy, health professional, consumer and community levels need to be addressed in order to design and develop sustainable expanded pharmacy services to improve health service provision in rural and remote communities.
“You don't look American”
Authors: LEE CHRISTINE 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTAccording to some recent analyses, the ethnographic encounter takes place between a complicit, colonialist, white discipline and “natives” who are colonized and implicitly nonwhite. But by insisting that anthropology is an inherently white discipline, such binary frameworks ultimately recenter Westernness and whiteness, reinforcing the centrality of Western and white anthropology. In doing so, they conflate phenotypic and structural whiteness, flatten out how anthropological whiteness compels nonwhite bodies to adopt a white habitus, and obfuscate the shifting, unstable role played by phenotype in this process. For anthropologists of color, even those born and trained in the West, the whiteness of anthropology is variable, context‐dependent, and unevenly distributed. This is illustrated with vignettes from ethnographic work in Peru, a country where racialization has typically been framed in terms of a white‐indigenous binary, and as operating like class rather than determined through descent or phenotype. [race, whiteness, ethnography, Asian American, Peru, Andes]
Beastly identification in India
Authors: MATHUR NAYANIKA 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTHow does a big cat in India come to be identified as the one guilty of preying on humans? Indian conservationist law stipulates that the big cat must be identified before it is hunted down. But as I demonstrate ethnographically, there is no possible means of establishing the correct identity of a big cat before it is killed. Through an account of the impossibility of beastly identification, this article demonstrates the limits of both bureaucratic action and conservation in the government of big cats. What operates, instead, is a form of knowing the nonhuman Other, a knowing that is localized, personalized, affective, and momentary. Such forms of knowledge and living‐besides are called for by the Anthropocene. Indeed, an analytic potential of the Anthropocene lies in rendering untenable the continual disciplinary sequestering of the nonhuman and environmental from the political, bureaucratic, and legal. [bureaucracy, nonhuman animals, conservation, identification, government, Anthropocene, India]
Randomised clinical trial: safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of trazpiroben (TAK‐906), a dopamine D2/D3 receptor antagonist, in patients with gastroparesis
Authors: Kuo Braden , Scimia Cecilia , Dukes George , Zhang Wenwen , Gupta Saurabh , Chen Chunlin , Chuang Emil , Camilleri Michael 
Published: June 2021

SummaryBackgroundGastroparesis is a chronic gastric motility disorder. Dopamine D2/D3 receptor antagonists metoclopramide and domperidone are current treatment options but are associated with central nervous system and cardiovascular safety concerns, respectively, precluding chronic use. Trazpiroben (TAK‐906), a dopamine D2/D3 receptor antagonist, is under development for chronic treatment of moderate‐to‐severe gastroparesis. Nonclinical data suggest trazpiroben will have D2/D3 receptor antagonism comparable with metoclopramide or domperidone.AimsTo evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (effect on prolactin and gastric function) of twice‐daily trazpiroben (5, 25 and 100 mg) in participants with gastroparesis.MethodsThis phase 2a pilot study evaluated gastric emptying using the gastric emptying breath test, with metoclopramide as an internal control. Gastric accommodation and gastroparesis symptoms were assessed using the nutrient drink test and American Neurogastroenterology and Motility Society Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptom Index‐Daily Diary, respectively.ResultsOverall, 51 participants were enrolled. Trazpiroben was well tolerated, demonstrating a favourable safety profile without cardiovascular or central nervous system adverse events. All trazpiroben doses were rapidly absorbed and eliminated (t1/2z 4‐5 hours), and D2/D3 receptor target engagement confirmed by increased serum prolactin (peaking at trazpiroben 25 mg). No effect on gastric emptying was demonstrated with trazpiroben or metoclopramide (P > 0.05), although benefits in volume‐to‐fullness were seen at trazpiroben 5 mg (P > 0.05) and 25 mg (88.5 vs −26.3 mL; P = 0.019), and nonsignificant numerical aggregate symptom score improvements were observed with trazpiroben 25 mg vs placebo (P = 0.182).ConclusionsTrazpiroben was well tolerated with a favourable safety profile, supporting its further development for the treatment of gastroparesis. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03268941.
A survey of gastroenterologists in the United States on the use of central neuromodulators for treating irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Nulsen Benjamin , LeBrett Wendi , Drossman Douglas A. , Chang Lin 
Published: June 2021

SummaryBackgroundCentral neuromodulators are an effective treatment for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) but may be used less frequently than other therapies.AimsTo survey gastroenterologists in the United States (US) about their use of neuromodulators in patients with IBS.MethodsA 23‐question survey was distributed to gastroenterologists in the United States. Comparisons in prescribing practices were conducted between (a) gastroenterologists who were “high prescribers” versus “low prescribers” of neuromodulators in patients with IBS and (b) gastroenterologists and “gastroenterology experts” in the use of neuromodulators using descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression analyses.ResultsThe 525 gastroenterologists who were surveyed used neuromodulators for a median range of 21%‐30% of their patients with IBS. Neuromodulators were described as extremely/very important in managing IBS by 55% of clinicians. Significant predictors of high‐prescribing behaviour were academic versus clinical practice setting (odds ratio [OR] 2.60 [95% CI 1.61‐4.20]), disorders of brain‐gut interaction focused practice (OR 4.80 [2.60‐8.84]), and greater perceived effectiveness of neuromodulators (OR 2.75 [1.30‐5.84]). Compared to gastroenterologists, experts prescribed neuromodulators to a higher percentage of their patients with IBS (41%‐50% vs 21%‐30%; P = 0.019) and more frequently found neuromodulators effective (70% vs 27%; P = 0.003). However, concern about side effects was the most common barrier to neuromodulator use (59%).ConclusionsThe majority of US gastroenterologists believe central neuromodulators are important in treating IBS, and 27% believe they are effective in most patients. High prescribers are in academic practice, focus in IBS and perceive central neuromodulators as effective. Education is needed to improve gastroenterologists' prescribing behaviour.
Enhancing the Interface between Standard‐setters and Academic Research
Authors: Pinnuck Matt , Stevenson Kevin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article points to gaps between academic research and the needs of accounting standard‐setters. In part it attributes those gaps to the academic literature seeming to be inaccessible and oriented to ideas apparently unrelated to the policy‐making issues facing standard‐setters. As a means of partially reducing that perceived inaccessibility, the paper provides a way for standard‐setters to identify and classify the various forms of academic accounting research so that they can evaluate their usefulness. Two prominent strands of research (agency theory/costly contracting and value relevance) are, as illustrations, analysed so that standard‐setters can see how they might approach those strands. The paper suggests a users’ needs/demand driven approach to improving understanding, rather than a supply (by academics) driven approach. Finally, the paper explains how the performance metrics faced by academics can be inconsistent with the readiness expressed by standard‐setters to have academics assist them. The paper provides a suggestion as to how there could be some alignment of academic performance metrics and standard‐setters’ needs.
Identification of 3D motifs based on sequences and structures for binding to CFI‐400945, and deep screening‐based design of new lead molecules for PLK‐4
Authors: Abdullah Maaged , Guruprasad Lalitha 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPLK‐4 kinase plays an essential role in the cell cycle from regulating centriole duplication till cytokinesis and is therefore an attractive drug target in cancers such as breast, lung, and central nervous system tumors. CFI‐400945 is an efficient PLK‐4 inhibitor and inhibits other non‐PLK family proteins at nanomolar concentrations. We have compared PLK‐4 with other kinases to understand its similarity based on multiple sequence alignments from protein sequences of primary structures, outer and buried residues, and compact active site conservation based on three‐dimensional motifs. These in‐depth studies provide information on known interface targets and design of more selective inhibitors to PLK‐4. Further, pharmacophore features based on CFI‐400945 bound to PLK‐4 were used for searching library of compounds that were screened using deep learning methods to bind PLK‐4. The shortlisted molecules were docked into PLK‐4 active site and were validated using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations studies. MM‐PBSA calculations revealed the stability of hit molecules and PLK‐4 complexes in comparison with CFI‐400945 and the contribution to binding from key active site residues.
Frontiers in G‐Quadruplex therapeutics in cancer: Selection of small molecules, peptides and aptamers
Authors: Banerjee Nilanjan , Panda Suman , Chatterjee Subhrangsu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractG‐Quadruplex, a unique secondary structure in nucleic acids found throughout human genome, elicited widespread interest in the field of therapeutic research. Being present in key regulatory regions of oncogenes, RNAs and telomere, G‐Quadruplex structure regulates transcription, translation, splicing, etc. Changes in its structure and stability leads to differential expression of oncogenes causing cancer. Thus, targeting G‐Quadruplex structures with small molecules/other biologics has shown elevated research interest. Covering previous reports, in this review, we try to enlighten the facts on the structural diversity in G‐Quadruplex ligands aiming to provide newer insights to design first‐in‐class drugs for the next‐generation cancer treatment.
Intrinsic drug potential of oxazolo[5,4‐d]pyrimidines and oxazolo[4,5‐d]pyrimidines
Authors: Zhirnov Victor V. , Velihina Yevheniia S. , Mitiukhin Oleg P. , Brovarets Volodymyr S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe oxazole and pyrimidine rings are widely displayed in natural products and synthetic molecules. They are known as the prime skeletons for drug discovery. On the account of structural and chemical diversity, oxazole and pyrimidine‐based molecules, as central scaffolds, not only provide different types of interactions with various receptors and enzymes, showing broad biological activities, but also occupy a core position in medicinal chemistry, showing their importance for development and discovery of newer potential therapeutic agents (Curr Top Med Chem, 16, 2016, 3133; Int J Pharm Pharm Sci, 8, 2016, 8; BMC Chem, 13, 2019, 44). For a long time, relatively little attention has been paid to their fused rings that are oxazolopyrimidines, whose chemical structure is similar to that of natural purines because probably none of these compounds were found in natural products or their biological activities turned out to be unexpressed (Bull Chem Soc Jpn, 43, 1970, 187). Recently, however, a significant number of studies have been published on the biological properties of oxazolo[5,4‐d]pyrimidines, showing their significant activity as agonists and antagonists of signaling pathways involved in the regulation of the cell life cycle, whereas oxazolo[4,5‐d]pyrimidines, on the contrary, represent a poorly studied class of compounds. Limited access to this scaffold has resulted in a corresponding lack of biological research (Eur J Organ Chem, 18, 2018, 2148). Actually, oxazolo[5,4‐d]pyrimidine is a versatile scaffold used for the design of bioactive ligands against enzymes and receptors. This review focuses on biological targets and associated pathogenetic mechanisms, as well as pathological disorders that can be modified by well‐known oxazolopyrimidines that have been proven to date. Many molecular details of these processes are omitted here, which the interested reader will find in the cited literature. This work also does not cover the methods for the synthesis of the oxazolopyrimidines, which are exhaustively described by De Coen et al. (Eur J Organ Chem, 18, 2018, 2148). The review as well does not discuss the structure–activity relationship, which is described in detail in the original works and deliberately, whenever possible, cites not primary sources, but mostly relevant review articles, so that the reader who wants to delve into a particular problem will immediately receive more complete information. It is expected that the information presented in this review will help readers better understand the purpose of the development of oxazolopyrimidines and the possibility of their development as drugs for the treatment of a wide range of diseases.
Fragment‐based screening and hit‐based substructure search: Rapid discovery of 8‐hydroxyquinoline‐7‐carboxylic acid as a low‐cytotoxic, nanomolar metallo β‐lactamase inhibitor
Authors: Shin Woo Shik , Nguyen Megin E. , Bergstrom Alexander , Jennings Isabella R. , Crowder Michael W. , Muthyala Ramaiah , Sham Yuk Yin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMetallo‐β–lactamases (MBLs) are zinc‐containing carbapenemases that inactivate a broad range of β–lactam antibiotics. There is a lack of β–lactamase inhibitors for restoring existing β–lactam antibiotics arsenals against common bacterial infections. Fragment‐based screening of a non‐specific metal chelator library demonstrates 8‐hydroxyquinoline as a broad‐spectrum nanomolar inhibitor against VIM‐2 and NDM‐1. A hit‐based substructure search provided an early structure–activity relationship of 8‐hydroxyquinolines and identified 8‐hydroxyquinoline‐7‐carboxylic acid as a low‐cytotoxic β–lactamase inhibitor that can restore β–lactam activity against VIM‐2‐expressing E. coli. Molecular modeling further shed structural insight into its potential mode of binding within the dinuclear zinc active site. 8‐Hydroxyquinoline‐7‐carboxylic acid is highly stable in human plasma and human liver microsomal study, making it an ideal lead candidate for further development.