bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of acute kidney injury subphenotypes
Authors: Endre Zoltan H. , Mehta Ravindra L. 
Published: January 2021

Purpose of review
AKI is a complex clinical syndrome with many causes and there is a broad range of clinical presentations that vary according to duration, severity and context. Established consensus definitions of AKI are nonspecific and limited to kidney function. This reduces treatment options to generic approaches rather than individualized, cause-based strategies that have limited both understanding and management of AKI.

Recent findings
The context and the temporal phase of kidney injury are critical features in the course of AKI and critical to timing-relevant intervention. These features are missing in generic definitions and terms used to describe AKI. Subphenotypes of AKI can be identified from novel damage biomarkers, from functional changes including creatinine trajectories, from the duration of change and from associated clinical characteristics and comorbidities. Subphenotype parameters can be combined in risk scores, or by association strategies ranging from a simple function-damage matrix to complex methods, such as machine learning. Examples of such strategies are reviewed along with tentative proposals for a revised nomenclature to facilitate description of AKI subphenotypes.

Summary
Appropriate intervention requires refinement of the nomenclature of AKI to identify subphenotypes that facilitate correctly timed and selectively targeted intervention.
Management of coeliac disease patients after the confirmation of diagnosis in Central Europe
Authors: Riznik Petra , De Leo Luigina , Dolinsek Jasmina , Gyimesi Judit , Klemenak Martina , Koletzko Berthold , Koletzko Sibylle , Koltai Tunde , Korponay-Szabó Ilma Rita , Krencnik Tomaz , Milinovic Marina , Not Tarcisio , Palcevski Goran , Sblattero Daniele , Werkstetter Katharina Julia , Dolinsek Jernej 
Published: January 2021

Background
Recently published paediatric guidelines for diagnosing coeliac disease do not include recommendations on the follow-up of coeliac disease patients.

Goal
The aim of this study was to assess the management practices and experience of coeliac disease patients with their follow-up appointments in Central Europe.

Study
Gastroenterologists and coeliac disease patients in five Central European countries were asked to complete the web-based questionnaire focusing on coeliac disease management practices.

Results
Answers from 147 gastroenterologists and 2041 coeliac disease patients were available for the analysis. More than half of the gastroenterologists (58.5%) schedule the first follow-up visit within 3 months after the diagnosis. At follow-up, tissue transglutaminase antibodies are checked in almost all patients (95.9%). Approximately two-thirds (60.7%) of gastroenterologists refer all of their patients to the dietitian at diagnosis. Similarly, 42.8% of coeliac disease patients reported that they had not been appointed to a dietitian. Almost one-third of coeliac disease patients (30.8%) reported that they had no follow-up appointments with gastroenterologist at all.

Conclusions
Follow-up of coeliac disease patients is suboptimal in Central Europe. Many patients are not followed regularly. A lot of patients are not referred to a dietitian. The recommendations on the optimal follow-up of coeliac disease patients are needed in order to improve patient care.
Adjustment of Patient Experience Surveys for How People Respond
Authors: Cefalu Matthew , Elliott Marc N. , Hays Ron D. 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Patient surveys are the primary tool to measure patient experiences of care. Caution must be taken when analyzing these data, as responses can be influenced by factors that do not reflect the quality of care received.

Objectives:
To provide a practical overview of adjusting patient experience survey results to address bias related to patient case-mix, extreme response tendency, and mode of survey administration.

Research Design:
We discuss options for adjustment for biases in how people respond to patient experience surveys.

Results:
Case-mix adjustment (CMA) aims to compare provider performance that would have been observed if all providers had treated the same set of patients by removing the effects of patient characteristics that vary across providers. Extreme response tendency can bias the measurement of the disparities in patient experiences even after typical CMAs, since differences in patients’ use of extreme response options may affect patient experience scores when they have a skewed distribution. Survey mode may affect scores for the provider entity being evaluated (eg, hospital) more than CMA if survey mode differs at the provider level.

Conclusions:
It is best practice to evaluate known source of bias when analyzing patient experience surveys. Failure to adjust for patient case-mix, extreme response tendency, and survey mode in patient experience surveys may lead to erroneous comparisons of providers.
Kamishibai Cards
Authors: Stewart Stephanie 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Kamishibai (K) cards are a quality improvement process focused on improved bundle compliance and promotion of peer-to-peer feedback that the health system has used for a few years.

Problem:
Changing personnel structure and an emphasis on patient outcomes prompted a need to revamp the K Card process.

Approach:
A team approach was used to redesign the process resulting in a program that moved from utilization of champions to engaging all bedside nurses and having a standard completion requirement for all units. In 2 phases spanning 16 weeks, the nurse managers, point-of-care educators, and all bedside nurses were trained in the process using a computer-based training module and validated in the application of the process.

Outcomes:
By the end of the 16-week period, the completion compliance target was reached, and the system began to see a decrease in central line and Foley catheter device usage days.

Conclusion:
The result of the project design was a peer-to-peer feedback mechanism, which promotes evidence-based practices and system standards.
Using Cognitive Interviewing to Design Interventions for Implementation in Oncology Settings
Authors: Hirschey Rachel , Nance Jennifer , Wangen Mary , Bryant Ashley Leak , Wheeler Stephanie B. , Herrera Juliana , Leeman Jennifer 
Published: January 2021

Background
Implementation of effective interventions into clinical practice is slow, in large part, because researchers do not sufficiently attend to the realities of nurses who implement interventions.

Objectives
The aim of the study was to provide an exemplar of how cognitive interviewing—an important and underused method for developing nursing research—can be used to design survey items and assess multilevel implementation factors.

Methods
We utilized the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research to create a survey to assess factors that influence how oncology nurses deliver physical activity interventions. Two rounds of cognitive interviews were conducted with five purposively selected oncology nurses to assess survey items’ clarity and effectiveness at eliciting desired information. We used a cognitive interviewing coding scheme to code data and revise unclear items. Participants completed the revised survey online and underwent a second interview to provide additional feedback.

Results
Seven important changes were made to the survey: how to assess nurses’ perceptions of other nurses’ beliefs and practices; language to capture data relating to nursing leadership and administration; increased detail to assess factors related to nurses’ workplaces; language related to capturing factors related to policy; language to capture data related to equity, disparities, and cultural tailoring; terms replacement with language used by nurses; and strategy to capture data about nurses’ knowledge of national physical activity recommendations for cancer survivors.

Discussion
Cognitive interviewing can be applied to develop survey items that capture real-world experiences and perspectives of practicing nurses. This is an essential step in developing nursing interventions that are ready to be implemented and increasing the uptake of evidence-based nursing care. Cognitive interviewing can be used across nursing settings, populations, and interventions to develop understandings of attitudes, attributes, characteristics, and perceptions for a variety of nursing interventions.
Carrageenan as a Preventive Agent Against Human Papillomavirus Infection: A Narrative Review
Authors: Laurie Cassandra , El-Zein Mariam , Coutlée François , de Pokomandy Alexandra , Franco Eduardo L. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Carrageenan, an extract from red algae, was identified over a decade ago as a potent inhibitor of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in vitro. After this discovery, several studies evaluated carrageenan's anti-HPV activity in cells, experimental animals, and humans. We reviewed the evidence for carrageenan's anti-HPV activity. Studies had to be in vitro, in vivo, or in humans and report on carrageenan's anti-HPV activity. Of the 39 records identified in PubMed and 29 records in Clinicaltrials.gov, 22 records were included after screening: 8 in vitro (including 2 ex vivo), 3 in vivo, 5 in vitro and in vivo, 3 clinical studies, and 3 trial protocols. A total of 12 studies evaluated carrageenan exclusively, whereas 7 considered carrageenan combined with additional antiviral or other agents. One study protocol will evaluate carrageenan exclusively, and 2 others will evaluate carrageenan-combination products. Most clinical studies evaluated carrageenan's ability to prevent HPV acquisition (n = 4), whereas one study explored its ability to promote clearance of existing infection (defined as the absence of HPV DNA detection). Carrageenan's anti-HPV activity was observed consistently across study designs, except in 2 studies: 1 in vitro study where 2 of the HPV types tested were not significantly inhibited by carrageenan and 1 phase IIB trial in gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men. This review supports the premise that carrageenan, alone or in combination with other antiviral agents, might be a potential prevention strategy complementary to HPV vaccination for women.
Intraosseous or Peripheral IV Access in Pediatric Cardiac Arrest? Results From the French National Cardiac Arrest Registry*
Authors: Recher Morgan , Baert Valentine , Escutnaire Joséphine , Le Bastard Quentin , Javaudin François , Hubert Hervé , Leteurtre Stéphane 
Published: January 2021

Objectives:
Despite the evolving recommendations that favor the use of intraosseous access in pediatric resuscitation, the impact of vascular access type on survival in young children has not been demonstrated. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the intravascular injection route on the return on spontaneous circulation, survival to hospital admission (0 day), and 30 days or survival to hospital discharge, by comparing survival rates in young children having intraosseous and peripheral IV access. The second aim was to compare the rates of favorable neurologic outcome after 30 days or survival to hospital discharge.

Design:
This was a multicenter retrospective comparative study between July 2011 and October 2018.

Setting:
Based on the French cardiac arrest registry data.

Patients:
All prepubescent (males < 12 yr old, females < 10 yr old) victims of an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

Interventions:
Patients with adrenaline administration by intraosseous versus peripheral venous technique were compared, using propensity score matching.

Measurements and Main Results:
The analysis included 603 prepubescent patients, 351 (58%) in the intraosseous group and 252 (42%) in the peripheral IV group. Intraosseous group patients were younger, lighter, with more medical cause for arrest. The intraosseous group had lower survival rates at 30 days or hospital discharge (n = 6; 1.7%) than the peripheral IV group (n = 12; 4.8%) (p = 0.030). After matching, 101 pairs of patients were created. No difference was observed on return of spontaneous circulation or 0-day survival rates (odds ratio = 1.000 [95% CI, 0.518–1.930]; odds ratio = 0.946 [95% CI, 0.492–1.817], respectively) and on 30 days or hospital discharge survival (n = 3 in both groups) (odds ratio = 1.000 [95% CI, 0.197–5.076]). Meaningful statistical evaluation of neurologic status among survivors was precluded by inadequate numbers.

Conclusions:
The type of injection route (intraosseous or peripheral venous access) does not appear to have an impact on survival of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in a prepubescent population, but limitations of propensity matching limit a definitive conclusion.
Multifocal or Metastatic B-RAF (V600E) Glomus Tumor in the Parotid and Neck: A Case Report Including Cytologic, Histologic, and Molecular Features
Authors: Bai Shi , Hutchinson Lloyd M. , Akalin Ali , Faquin William C. , Vaezi Alec E. , Fischer Andrew H. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Glomus tumor is a perivascular mesenchymal neoplasm that usually occurs as a solitary painful lesion of the distal extremities. It can also rarely occur in other anatomic locations, for example, the nasal cavity, trachea, stomach, and kidney. Although most tumors are benign, metastasis occurs in a small subset. Criteria for aggressive behavior remain incompletely defined, and the issue of defining metastasis is complicated by the occurrence of multifocal tumors. Here, we report a case of a multifocal glomus tumor involving the parotid gland (2 cm), ipsilateral sternocleidomastoid-clavicular soft tissue (1.5 cm), and ipsilateral subcutaneous tissue overlying the mastoid process (<4 mm) in a young man in his mid-20s. All 3 lesions were identical histologically, with typical features of an otherwise benign glomus tumor with uniform diploid-appearing nuclei and no mitotic activity. Very focal infiltrative growth was present. A prominent hemangiopericytoma pattern was present throughout, but no vascular invasion outside the nodules was identified. Molecular genomic analysis revealed an identical BRAF V600E point mutation in all 3 tumors in a wild-type BRAF somatic background, with similar patterns of genomic gains in 3 loci, consistent with a clonal origin. Criteria for predicting the behavior of glomus tumor are reviewed.
Three-Dimensional Planes of Reference for Orbital Fractures
Authors: Ang Benson Wen Guang , Chiew Wenqi , Cai Elijah Zhengyang , Hing Angela Chai Ying , Lee Hanjing , Yap Yan Lin , Nallathamby Vigneswaran , Lim Jane , Sundar Gangadhara , Leow Wee Kheng , Lim Thiam Chye 
Published: January 2021

Introduction:
Three-dimensional planes of reference for orbital fractures (3D-PROF) is a technique for isolating segments of the orbital cavity for 3D analyses.

Method:
Using 3D-PROF, the orbital floor, and medial wall were isolated on Meshlab (National Research Council, Pisa, Italy).
A pilot study was conducted to evaluate the interobserver variability of 3D-PROF. Facial computed tomography scans of 20 patients with normal unilateral orbit were randomly selected. Four observers performed 3D-PROF to isolate the orbital floor.
The isolated orbital segments are evaluated for:

Results:
The intraclass correlation coefficient for the total surface area of the resultant bony segment was excellent (0.85, confidence interval 0.707–0.934, P < 0.01). All landmarks achieved a rate of preservation of at least 90% (18/20) for the observers, except for the infra-orbital rim where 1 observer achieved 85% (17/20).

Conclusion:
Three-dimensional planes of reference for orbital fractures, is an easy and reproducible technique for isolating regions of interest of the orbital cavity for preoperative planning.
Comparative Study of Three-Dimensional Volume Measurement for Facial Fat Grafting
Authors: Wu Rongwei , Jin Xiaolei , Yang Xiaonan , Yu Panxi , Qi Zuoliang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The three-dimensional (3D) volume measurement after facial fat grafting is of great significance to plastic surgeons. It has been ascertained that reliable results rely on the accurate measurement of 3D softwares. Some 3D softwares in literatures have proposed various ways to optimize each step of the procedure, including the pre- and post-operative image acquisition, alignment, calculation, and analysis. Good image alignment between pre- and post-scan is essential to quantify the volumetric change. Once the pre- and post-operative image alignment has slightly bias or deviation, the subsequent volume measurement would also be affected. To our knowledge, 2 types of 3D software have been widely applied in clinic, primarily based on the image-automatically alignment and image-manually alignment. This study aimed to compare the accuracy, repeatability, and reproducibility of the Geomagic Qualify 12.0 software and the 3-Matic 7.0 software in a relatively ideal model of virtual facial fat grafting. A simulated facial fat grafting was first performed for 10 preoperative patients diagnosed with progressive hemifacial atrophy, and the known volumetric change was named as the true value (T value). Then, the facial volumetric change of every case was remeasured 10 times with above 2 kinds of software separately. The mean volumetric change was calculated as Q value and M value. The paired t test, intraclass correlation coefficient, and Bland-Altman analysis showed that the Geomagic Qualify 12.0 software demonstrated a statistically higher accuracy, repeatability, and reproducibility in comparison with the 3-Matic 7.0 software.
Adult Maxillofacial Trauma Patterns in American Football
Authors: Cohn Jason E. , Melley Lauren E. , Lafferty David , Othman Sammy , Stucker Fred J. , Bundrick Paige 
Published: January 2021

Introduction:
The authors aimed to identify and categorize adult maxillofacial trauma patterns in the setting of American football.

Methods:
The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System was accessed to identify adult patients presenting with football-related head and facial injuries from 2009 to 2018. Data surrounding each event were collected including age, injury type, injury location, and disposition of the patient. Chi-squared testing was performed to compare categorical variables, with a Bonferroni correction applied.

Results:
During the study period, 1784 total patients (national estimate = 65,052) were identified. The average age for this cohort was 27.26 (SD ± 8.49), with young adults (86.1%) and males (87.9%) sustaining the majority of injuries. Lacerations were the most common injury type (43.1%). Maxillofacial fractures comprised 15.8% of the sample, with nasal bone (52.8%) being the most common subtype. Female patients were significantly more likely to present with head injuries than men (46.8% versus 29.0%, P < 0.001). Young and middle-aged adults combined were more likely to be discharged from the emergency department, whereas the elderly were significantly less likely (P = 0.002). Patients with fractures were significantly more likely to be admitted to the hospital compared to all other types of injuries (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
An understanding of maxillofacial injuries while participating in American football is important in developing safety initiatives. To address these, it is crucial that providers understand the patterns of craniofacial injuries as they relate to American football trauma.
Effect of Horizontal Osteotomy Level on Complication Rates and Neurosensory Deficits After Sagittal Split Ramus Osteotomy
Authors: Suzen Muazzez , Uckan Sina , Munevveroglu Sumer , Ozel Abdullah 
Published: January 2021

Horizontal osteotomy is one of the most critical step at sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) and determination of the ideal height of this horizontal osteotomy is essential to avoid nerve and vessel injury.

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of the medial horizontal ramus cut as a risk factor for unfavorable outcomes in the SSRO.

Materials and Methods:
Sixty-four patients with dentofacial deformity who applied to Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Department between August 2018 and August 2019 and undergone orthognathic surgery were evaluated. Out of 64, 49 patients had SSRO with or without maxillary surgery and genioplasty. Twenty-six patient had postoperative computed tomography scan with 6-months follow-up. Finally, 26 patient with 52 SSRO sides were included in this study. Computed tomography scans were evaluated and classification according to osteotomy levels was made. Postoperative neurosensory deficit, bleeding, and intraoperative complications such as bad split, visible damage to inferior alveolar bundle were assessed. Age, gender, neurosensory deficit, bad splits were analyzed and correlated with the level of the osteotomies.

Results:
Fifteen osteotomies were above lingula, 24 between apex and base of lingula, and 14 below lingula. One bad split occurred, and no visible damage to the inferior alveolar bundle was seen. There was no significant difference between osteotomy groups in terms of visual analogue scale (VAS) scores (P > 0.05) but in all groups; women's VAS scores are statistically significantly higher than men. (P: 0.036)

Conclusion:
There is no correlation between the horizontal osteotomy level and intraoperative or postoperative complications. The low medial horizontal osteotomy can be safely performed in SSRO.
Simulation-Based Mastery Learning Improves Ultrasound-Guided Peripheral Intravenous Catheter Insertion Skills of Practicing Nurses
Authors: Amick Ashley Elizabeth , Feinsmith Sarah E. , Davis Evan M. , Sell Jordan , Macdonald Valerie , Trinquero Paul , Moore Arthur G. , Gappmeier Victor , Colton Katharine , Cunningham Andrew , Ford William , Feinglass Joseph , Barsuk Jeffrey H. 
Published: January 2021

Introduction
Difficult intravenous (IV) access (DIVA) is frequently encountered in the hospital setting. Ultrasound-guided peripheral IV catheter (USGPIV) insertion has emerged as an effective procedure to establish access in patients with DIVA. Despite the increased use of USGPIV, little is known about the optimal training paradigms for bedside nurses. Therefore, we developed and evaluated a novel, sustainable, USGPIV simulation-based mastery learning (SBML) curriculum for nurses.

Methods
This is a prospective cohort study of an USGPIV SBML training program for bedside nurses over a 12-month period. We evaluated skills and self-confidence before and after training and measured the proportion of the nurses achieving independent, proctor, and instructor status. Procedure logs and surveys were used to explore the nurse experience and utilization of USGPIV on real patients with DIVA 3 months after the intervention.

Results
Two hundred thirty-eight nurses enrolled in the study. The USGPIV skill checklist scores increased from median of 6.0 [interquartile range = 4.0–9.0 (pretest) to 29.0, interquartile range = 28–30 (posttest), P < 0.001]. The USGPIV confidence improved from before (mean = 2.32, SD = 1.17) to after (mean = 3.85, SD = 0.73, P < 0.001) training (5-point Likert scale). Sixty-two percent of the nurses enrolled achieved independent status, 47.5% became proctors, and 11.3% course trainers. At 3-month posttraining, the nurses had attempted a mean of 35.6 USGPIV insertions with an 89.5% success rate.

Conclusions
This novel USGPIV SBML curriculum improves nurses' insertion skills, self-confidence, and progresses patient care through USGPIV insertions on hospitalized patients with DIVA.