bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Different Doses of Gamma Rays on The Dispersal and Flight Ability Index of Mediterranean Fruit Fly Ceratitis Capitata (Wiedmann) (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Al-Gerrawy Amer J. A. , Al-Shammary Ahmed J. M. , Al-Azzawy Hayder S. H 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This investigation concentrated on studying the effect of gamma rays on the flight ability index and on the dispersal of irradiated males because these two parameters were very important for applying the sterile male release technique. The results of this study showed that the flight ability index of irradiated males as pupae of 3, 4 and 5 days with doses ranged from 60 to 120 Gy were highly significant p<0.05 compared with control treatment during an experiment carried out under field conditions. The results showed that there were a reverse relationship between flight ability index and gamma rays doses. Furthermore, the results of this investigation also showed that there were a reverse relationship between the mean average of males captured by the pheromone traps and gamma rays doses after 1,2,3, and 4 days from the release.
Evaluation of The Efficiency of Some Desert Plant Extracts in The Growth of Agaricus Bisporus and The Inhibition of Some of Its Pathogens
Authors: Shafeeq Ahmed Fawzi , Abed Idham Ali , Hassan Abdullah Abdulkareem 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Seven isolates of Pseudomonas spp. were isolated from the casing soil and 11 fungal isolates were isolated from the spent compost in the Mushroom Farm - College of Agriculture - Tikrit University. According to the pathogenicity test against Agaricus bisporus fruit bodies, the results showed that the highest infection rate was recorded in the bacterial isolate 1077by 77.45%, while the fungal isolate 1076 showed the highest pathogenicity against Agaricus bisporus fruit bodies by recording the highest infection rate reached to 81.23%. The pathogenic bacteria and fungi isolates were phenotypically identified to the species level as Pseudomonas tolaasii and Trichoderma harzianum, respectively. The results showed the alcoholic extracts of Atriplex tatarica and Haloxylon salicornicum were superior in the active substances compared to other extracts, the highest percentage of total alkaloids, tannins, saponins, phenols and flavonoids was 35.14, 44.79, 43.47, 32.05 and 31.66 mg/g in the alcoholic extract of A. tatarica, respectively, while the alcoholic extract of H. salicornicum had the highest percentage of glycosides, which amounted to 41.89 mg/g of the extract. The highest efficiency of A. tatarica alcoholic extract in inhibiting the pathogenic fungus T. harzianum, was recorded, as the colony diameter was 3.1 cm in concentration of 4 mg/mL compared to 8.9 cm in the control treatment, while the H. salicornicum alcoholic extract was superior in inhibiting the pathogenic bacteria at the same concentration, in which the inhibition zone was 15.67 mm compared to no inhibition in the control treatment. While there was little effect of alcoholic extracts of both plants on the growth of A. bisporus. The results of the dry powders effect for both plants showed that the highest inhibition against the pathogenic fungus T. harzianum was recorded by the A. tatarica powder at 2% concentration, reaching 5.01 cm, while the H. salicornicum powder showed the highest inhibition against the bacteria P.tolaasii at the same concentration in which the number of cells reached to 3.23 x 107 cells/mL compared to 6.6 x 107 cells/mL in the control treatment. The results also showed the highest growth of A. bisporus that reached 9 cm for all powdered concentrations of both plants.
Effect of Some Nutritional Factors on The Growth and Yield of Apple cv. Ibrahimi
Authors: Fayadh Sabren Hamed , Ismaeil Ali Ammar 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The field experiment was carried out during the planting season of 2020 in one of the private sector orchards in the Saqlawiya sub-district of Fallujah district to study the effect of foliar spraying with zinc, boron and potassium on some vegetative growth traits and the yield of apples of CV. Ibrahimi, the first factor is represented by spraying with boric acid H3BO3 at a Concentrations of (0, 1) g. L-1, mentioned as B0, B1, and the second factor consisted of spraying with zinc sulfate ZnSO4 at a concentrations of( 0, 3) g. L-1 mentioned as Z0, Z1 and the third factor is spraying with potassium sulfate K2SO4 at concentrations (0, 2.5, 5) g. L-1 mentioned asK0-K1, K2 respectively. The results showed that the effect of spraying with the study factors led to a significant increase in most of the studied traits represented by (the area of one leaf, the total chlorophyll content of the leaves, the percentage of carbohydrates in the branches, the percentage of fallen fruits, the yield of one tree, the average weight of the fruit, the percentage of total sugars in the fruits, and the content of the fruits of vitamin C) reached ( 27.81 cm2, 82.67mg100g-1, 14.37%, 30.74%, 27.98kg.tree-1, 45.13g, 8.57%, 4.87 mg100g-1) sequentially.
Role of Nano-Biostimulant and Some Micro-Elements in The Enzymatic and Chemical Content of Common Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) Grown Under Unheated Plastic House
Authors: Majwel Abbas Khdiar , Al-Khafaji Safa abbas ghafil 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A field experiment was conducted in a greenhouse north of Babylon City, during the Autumn season 2019-2020, to study the effect of two factors, the first nano-stimulator application, and the second-factor spraying micronutrients (Zn, B, Mo) on the growth and yield of common bean (Phaseolus vulgsris L). A factorial experiment was carried out using the split plots system within a randomized complete block design (RCBD), where the micronutrients (Control, Zn, B, Mo, Zn+B, Zn+Mo, B+Mo, Zn+B+Mo) were distributed in the main plots, while the nano- stimulator (sprayed with concentration 0.75 ml L-1 water) was distributed on the sub-plots. The results showed that spraying the nano-stimulator positively affected the chlorophyll, the percentage of dry matter in the leaves, the zinc content of the leaves, and the activity of the Catalase enzyme. Micronutrients were also significantly affected in all the studied indicators.
Effect of Cysteine in Stimulating Some Active Compounds in Garlic Callus Under Different Light Spectra in Vitro
Authors: Al-Taie Ali Abdulkhudhur Ghalib , Aboohanah Mansoor Abed , Issa Falah Hasan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study was conducted in tissue culture laboratories, Faculty of agriculture, University of Kufa in 2020. The experiment included studying the effect of two factors: type of light: (mixture spectra of red and blue LED R16 : B2), (Fluorescent : normal white light) in interaction with different concentrations of cysteine( 0, 50, and 100 mg.L-1). A completely randomized design (C.R.D) were used with two factor and three replicates. The combined spectra (LED R16:B2) increased the active compounds Di-allyldisulfide and Vinyldithiin (131.33,121.41μg.g-1 F.W. ) respectively. Cysteine (100 mg.L-1) was significantly superior compare to other treatments in producing Di-allyldisulfide and Vinyldithiin content (158.87, 144.35 μg.g-1 F.W) respectively. Results also indicated that the interaction treatment between (LED R16:B2) and (Cysteine 100 mg.L-1) gave significant increase in Di-allyldisulfide and Vinyldithiin content (184.28, 146.07μg.g-1 F.W) respectively. While the tretment (Fluorescent W) and (Cysteine 50 mg.L-1) gave significant increase in Allicin content (195.38 μg.g-1 F.W).
Effect of Foliar Application of Bimin221 and Seaweed Extract on Lime Seedling Growth
Authors: Aja Kadhim Jawad , Al-Abbasi Ghalib Bahio Aboud 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study was conducted in a certified citrus production nursery in Karbala province, Al-Hindiya district for the season 2020, on lime seedlings (Citrus aurantifolia) rootstock at the age of 6 months, It was sprayed with the nutrient solution Biumin 221 at concentrations (0, 1.5, 2, 2.5 m.L-1) and Basfoliar Kelp seaweed extracts at concentrations (0, 1.5, 3, 4.5) ml L-. The results showed that spraying the seedlings with single and combined study treatments led to a significant increase in all the vegetative and nutrition traits of lime seedlings. The treatment (2.5 g.L-1 nutrient solution + 4.5 ml.L-1 seaweed extract) achieved the highest averages in most of the traits. While the interaction treatment between the concentration (2.5 g.L-1 of the nutrient solution and concentration of 3 ml.L-1 of seaweed extract was excelled in the traits of leaf content of total carbohydrates, the percentage of nitrogen, iron, and zinc.
Time Series Analysis of Changes in Land Cover Based on Spectral Indexes in Dohuk Governorate
Authors: Salim Mohammed Younis , Ibrahim Narmin Abduljaleel 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The main aim in this study is to detect and analyze changes in land cover in Amadiya district in Dohuk Governorate, northern Iraq whose area is (2775.21) km2 and the district is located astronomically between longitudes (01."04 ° 43), (17."08 ° 44) to the east, The district extends between two circles of latitude, which are (16.'50 ° 36) and (30.'21 ° 37) To the north, during the period between 1999-2019 using spectral indicators, to assess the appropriateness of the spectral indicators used in determining and monitoring changes in land cover and vegetation cover. Where the values of six spectral indices were extracted from the Landsat ETM and 8 Landsat OLI satellites data, which are NDVI, NDBI, SAVI, BI, NDWI, and IPVI satellites. The study concluded the percentage of vegetation cover index represented by the two indicators NDVI, SAVI, and IPVI was increased, at the expense of the rest of the indicators used in the study, as it represented 40.483636, 40.483733 and 40.483733%, respectively, in 2019, while the percentage of 21.258759, 21.193281 and 21.176142%, respectively, in 1999 year. This indicates that the plant indicators are the best used indicators that benefit the study area. The indicators are SAVI, NDVI, IPVI, which show that the increase in the plant was ranked first in the northwestern part of the region, followed by the second rank, the northeastern part, and the southwestern part was ranked second. The third, while the southeastern part ranked fourth, which has the lowest percentage of plants in it, because this part of the region has been greatly exploited by the urban class.
The Effect of LED Lighting on The Growth of Seedlings of Hybrid Tomato
Authors: Al-Rukabi Maad N. M. , Leunov Vladimir I. , Tarakanov Ivan G. , Tereshonkova Tatiana A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of LED lighting on the growth of seedlings of hybrid tomato plants. Four hybrids (Captain F1, Refiner F1, Coral Reef F1 and Fire F1), seven treatments of irradiators (monochromatic red, green, blue, white) and three dual light treatments (green+blue, blue+red, green+red) were carried out in the laboratory of artificial climate. Radiation with monochromatic had a role in increasing hypocotyl length, the height of plant, transpiration and stomata connection. The results have shown a significant effect on radiation with monochromatic red on hypocotyl length (73.00mm) and the height of plant (30.94cm). Plants radiation with monochromatic blue gave the highest transpiration (4.69 mmol/m2.s) and stomatal conductance (0.30 mol./m2.s). The dual radiation had a role in increasing dry weight for the plant and leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD). Radiation with (green+red) provided the best stem dry weight (0.91g). Plants irradiated with (green+blue) exhibited the highest leaf dry weight and root dry weight (1.96g and 3.12g respectively). Plants radiation with (blue + red) showed the highest leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD) (559.19). In the monochromatic light, the effect of hybrid Fire F1 showed the highest hypocotyl length (64.11mm) and height of plant (29.00 cm), and hybrid Refind F1 had the highest transpiration (3.58 mmol/m2.s) and stomatal conductance (0.23 mol./m2.s). In the binary spectral effect, the hybrid Coral reef F1 resulted the highest stem dry weight, leaf dry weight and root dry weight (0.68 g,1.76 g and 2.39g respectively), and hybrid Refind F1 had the highest leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD) (468.27).
Effect of Humic Acid, Gibberellin and Tryptophan on The Growth and Flowering Characteristics of Goldenrods Plant Tolidago Canadensis
Authors: Mahdi Zainab Abdul Hussein , Hussein Janan Kassim 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The experiment was conducted in high school of Al-Hilla agricultural for the summer and autumn season 2020 to study the effect of humic acid and foliar application of gibberellin and tryptophan acid on the growth of the goldenrods plant resulting from the cultivation of solidago candasis which took it from residues of plant seeds growing. However, the first factor was humic acid, plants treated with humic acid were (H0 control, H1=5 ml/L), the second factor was the foliar application of gibberellin acid with the two levels (G1=100 mg/liter, G2=200 mg/L) and third factor was tryptophan acid with two three levels (T0=without treated, T1=100 mg/L, T2=150 mg/L). The experiment was conducted as a factorial experiment (2×3×3) with split-plot design according to the randomized complete blocks design (R.C.B.D) with three replicates. The results showed that humic acid fertilization improved the studied characteristics of the goldenrods plant. While treatment with gibberellin acid at concentration of 100 mg/liter due to improve the number of branches, leaf area and the number of inflorescences and the percentage of carbohydrates, whereas, treatment with concentration of 200 mg/liter leds to improve of plant height, length of inflorescence and vase life. As for the treatment with tryptophan acid, the concentration 150 mg/L improved all the studied parameters.
Determination of Caffeine and Sodium Benzoate in Both Imported and Locally Manufactured Energy Drinks Using HPLC and Spectrophotometer
Authors: Mam Rashid Sirwan A. , Abdulla Shilan M. , Najeeb Bawan H. , Hamarashid Shokhan H. , Abdulla Omer A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Three groups of energy drinks have been examined for sodium benzoate and caffeine using HPLC and spectrophotometer methods. Those brands include original UK brand which coded (RE), another two brands of (RL and B) which are imported from Austria to local companies, and the rest produced locally which are coded (T, FB, S and FE). The results showed that all brands contain sodium benzoate at different concentrations. FB brand comes out on top by containing around 416mg/l which was far above the permitted level by FAO/WHO, on the other hand the RE brand contained the lowest amount of sodium benzoate when analysed using HPLC. Results of caffeine examination showed that all samples contained lower levels of caffeine as it is claimed in their label to contain 300mg/l, in contrary to sodium benzoate the lowest concentration of caffeine found in the FB brand which was 13.78mg/l and the highest level of caffeine was found in FE brand which was 208.95mg/l. From the obtained results it is clear that none of the energy drink brands declared the actual content of both caffeine and sodium benzoate which usually required by food legislation and law. Therefore, it is considered as mislabelling which is recommended that the health authorities in our country to subject the local producers and the importers to present the required information on the labels without misleading consumers. It is also recommended to educate the population and put restriction on the local shops and supermarkets not to sell energy drinks to individuals under 16 years old.
The Estimation of Iron, Zinc, Phytic Acid Contents and Their Molar Ratios in Different Types of Bread and Rice Consumed in Halabja City, Iraqi Kurdistan
Authors: Hama Salih Kaihan H. K. , Rasheed Muhammed S. , Mohammed Huda J. , Saeed Aya A. M. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A total of 10 samples involving five bread and five rice types and five cooked rice were selected. The iron and Zn contents were analyzed using an Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrophotometer (ICP-MS), and phytic acid content was analyzed using a rapid colorimetric method using a spectrophotometer. Phytic acid to Fe and Zn molar ratios were also determined using their molar weight to determine the potential bioavailability of selected nutrients. A one-way ANOVA test was used to statistically analyze the means differences between the phytate and mineral contents between the bread and rice samples. The variation of Fe and Zn (mg kg-1) in the bread samples was 24.1-65.6 and 13.3-22.8, in row rice was 10.8 to 45.3 and 8.66-17.4, and in cooked rice was 10.0-45.2 and 6.03-15.5 respectively. The PA concentration in (g 100g-1) was 0.77-1.14 for bread, 0.61-1.10 for row rice, and 0.31-0.77 for cooked rice. And also, PA/Fe and PA/Zn ratios were 2.58-6.01 and 8.07-13.4 for bread, 0.25-1.35, and 39.7-110 for row rice, and 0.11-0.89 and 23.0-125 for cooked rice, respectively. The results indicated that soaking and cooking processes caused the reduction in the Fe, Zn, and PA concentrations by 22.4, 5.54, and 27.7 %, respectively. These results from PA/Fe and PA/Zn molar ratios show that Fe had moderate bioavailability while Zn had low bioavailability. The results may be valuable for generate cultivars of wheat and rice varieties with suitable concentrations of PA and micronutrients, which can lead to the improvement of micronutrient-rich cultivars to reduce malnutrition.
Response of Fig Seedlings of Diyala Black Cultivar to Some Bio-Fertilizers and Foliar Nutrition With Nano-Fertilizer and Amino Acid DRIN
Authors: Jaber Haneen Abdul Razzaq , Hadi Akram Abd Alkadem 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study was conducted in lath house of Mussaib Technical College during the growing season 2020-2021 to know the role of fertilizers and foliar feeding with nano-fertilizer and the amino acid DRIN in some chemical traits and leaf nutrient content of one-year-age fig seedlings.It was implemented as a factorial experiment (4*3*3) with a completely randomized design and with three replications. The experiment included three factors if the first factor included: four ground additions of biofertilizers, namely (BioHealth WSG at a rate of 10 g. pot-1and mycorrhiza 10 g. Pot-1and a mixture of Mycorrhizae and BioHealth WSG at average of 10 g Pot-1) in addition to the control treatment. As for the second factor, it included three levels of foliar feeding with Chelated Nano Fertilizers (KHAZRA), which are 0, 2, 4 g.L-1, while the third factor included three concentrations of foliar nutrition with DRIN, which are 0, 4, 8 ml. L-1. The results confirmed the excelled triple interaction treatment between (ground addition between Mycorrhizae and BioHealth WSG at average of 10 g. pot-1and foliar nutrition with nano-fertilizer at a concentration of 4 g.L-1and amino acid DRIN at a concentration of 8 ml.L-1) significantly on all treatments in the chemical properties (chlorophyll and carbohydrates) and the nutrients content of the leaves (nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, iron and manganese).
Effect of Spraying With Organic Sulfur and Hydrogen Peroxide on The Growth and Yield of Red Local Onions Allium Cepa L.
Authors: Omrani Hussein H. , Al-Ubaidy Ridha M. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The study was conducted in the fields of the Department of Horticulture and Landscaping/College of Agriculture/University of Al-Qadisiyah/Al-Nouriah district - for the 2019-2020 agricultural season to study the effect of spraying with organic sulfur and hydrogen peroxide on the growth and yield of onions, Allium cepa L, where the study included two factors: the first factor was spraying organic sulfur at concentration (0, 2)., 4 ml. L-1) and symbol S1, S2, S3 and the second factor spraying with hydrogen peroxide at a concentration (0, 2, 4 ml. L-1) and symbolized by B1, B2, B3 and the interaction between them. A factorial experiment was conducted according to the randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications and the comparison between the treatments was done using the least significant difference test L.S.D at the probability level of 0.05. The results showed that spraying with organic sulfur or spraying with hydrogen peroxide in a single form led to a significant increase in all studied traits, as well as the interaction between the two factors, where the treatment S3B3 recorded the highest significant increase in plant height, leaf length, number of leaves, leaf neck diameter and yield weight per hectare of 82.00 cm plant. -1, 63.0 cm, 11.00 leaf. Plant-1, 55.67 mm. Onion-1, 22.67 mm. Onion-1, 4.146 tons. hectare-1, respectively.
Genetic Analysis by Using Partial Diallel Crossing of Maize In High Plant Densities (Estimation GCA, SCA and Some Genetic Parameters)
Authors: Amanah Adeeb Jameel , Hadi Banan Hassan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The experiment was carried out at the Field Crops Research Station, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad in Jadiriyah, with the aim of evaluating the performance of partial diallel hybrids and inbred lines of maize and estimating general combining ability(GCA), specific combining ability (SCA) and some genetic parameters. The experiment was carried out in two seasons, spring and fall 2020. Eight inbred lines of maize were used in the study (BI9/834, BSW18, LW/5 L8/844, ZA17W194, Z117W, ZI17W9, ZI7W4), numbered (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8), It was sowed in the spring season and entered into a cross-program according to a partial diallel crossing system to obtain twelve partially cross-hybrids, and it was compared with its eight parents in a comparison experiment in the fall season using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with split plots arrangement with three replication. The plant densities of 70 and 90 thousand plants ha-1 represented the main plots, while the partial diallel hybrids and their parents represented the secondary plots. The results of the study showed that the ratio between GCA and SCA) GCA/SCA) It was more than 1 for yield traits, ear length, number of rows and number of row grains in both low and high densities, which indicates the control of the additive genetic action on these traits. While the ratio was less than one for the traits of the ear diameter under the low density, which indicates the control of dominance genes on this trait in the mentioned density, while the trait of the number of ear grains, the ratio between the general and specific combining abilities was less than one in the high density. Inbred line 8 had the highest effect for the general ability to combine under low density, which amounted to 11.075, while inbred line 2 was superior by giving the highest effect to the general ability to combine at low density, which amounted to 17.80, followed by inbred 8.
Calcareous and Gypsum Soils Lead Removal Using Two-Steps Washing
Authors: Al-Robai Hazim Aziz , Al-Rubay Ameer Hazim Azeez , Al-Mamoori Ghaith Salah , Abdulateef Ali Akram 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The soil washing technique is considered one of the quick and effective techniques for treating soil contaminated with heavy metals. In this study, EDTA-Na2 and Oxalic were used as washing solutions to removing Pb from calcareous and gypsum soils contaminated with Pb only and with Pb in addition to the used engine oil. The soil samples were contaminated with different concentrations of Pb only using Pb(NO3)2 to soils sample for each concentration separately then the sample was divided into two equal parts. The first part represents the calcareous and gypsum soil samples contaminated with Pb. The second part was taken after air-dried, and then the used engine oil was added and homogenized well. Five parameters (pH, contact time, Pb concentrations, temperature, and liquid/solid ratio) were applied to test their effect on Pb removal. In general, the results of this study varied based on the effect of the variables.