bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross-cultural adaption, translation and validation of the Toronto extremity salvage score (TESS) for patients in German-speaking countries
Authors: Trost Carmen , Hofer Christoph , Stamm Tanja , Windhager Reinhard , Hobusch Gerhard M. 
Published: April 2021

Summary
Objective
The preferred treatment for malignant bone and soft tissue tumors is limb salvage surgery; the Toronto extremity salvage score (TESS) is commonly used to measure physical functioning of the affected extremity. The aims of this study were to translate and culturally adapt the German version of the TESS, as well as to explore its convergent reliability, validity and re-test reliability.

Study design
Patients (n = 50) 32 lower extremity (LE) and 18 upper extremity (UE) were asked to fill out the German TESS two times (t1: clinical visit, t2: regular email) and the SF-36 once.

Methods
The TESS questionnaires were translated from English into German, back translated into English, and culturally adapted. The reliability was assessed with Cronbach’s alpha (α). The validity was measured with the SF-36 physical component score and TESS using the Spearman rank correlation coefficient (r). Furthermore, the test-retest reliability was calculated with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).

Results
Internal consistency for both questionnaires was excellent (LE t1: α = 0.924, t2: α = 0.952; UE t1: α = 0.957, t2: α = 0.898). A statistically significant correlation was found between the SF-36 physical component scale and the German TESS (LE r = 0.741, UE r = 0.713). The ICC between baseline (t1) and re-test (t2) was 0.952 and 0.871 for the lower and upper extremities, respectively.

Conclusion
Initial evidence demonstrated that the German TESS is a valid and reliable instrument for use with patients after surgical treatment of malignant bone or soft tissue sarcoma.
Attenuation of COVID-19-induced cytokine storm in a young male patient with severe respiratory and neurological symptoms
Authors: Muschitz Christian , Trummert Anita , Berent Theresa , Laimer Norbert , Knoblich Lukas , Bodlaj Gerd , Krainer Alexander , Linder Christoph , Resch Heinrich 
Published: April 2021

SummarySevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), produces protean manifestations and causes indiscriminate havoc in multiple organ systems. This rapid and vast production of proinflammatory cytokines contributes to a condition termed cytokine storm. A 35-year-old, otherwise healthy, employed, male patient was tested positive for COVID-19. He was admitted to the hospital on disease day 10 due to retarded verbal reactions and progressive delirium. On account of these conditions and the need for noninvasive/invasive ventilation, a combination treatment with baricitinib and remdesivir in conjunction with standard of care was initiated. The cytokine storm was rapidly blocked, leading to a vast pulmonary recovery with retarded recovery of the central nervous system. We conclude that the rapid blockade of the COVID-19-induced cytokine storm should be considered of avail as a principle of careful decision-making for effective recovery.
Automation platform independent multi-agent system for robust networks of production resources in industry 4.0
Authors: Seitz Matthias , Gehlhoff Felix , Cruz Salazar Luis Alberto , Fay Alexander , Vogel-Heuser Birgit 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe Cyber-Physical Production System (CPPS) is a concept derived from software (cyber) and hardware (physical) applications and is based on global information exchange between such systems. The CPPS is known as a trend of Industry 4.0 (I4.0) focusing on flexibility regarding new products and adaptability to new requirements. This paper focuses on two I4.0 scenarios described by the Platform Industrie 4.0 that describe challenges for the industry towards its digital future. First, it looks at the Order Controlled Production (OCP) scenario that deals with flexible and self-configuring production networks. It describes the dynamic organization of production resources required to execute a production order. Second, the Adaptable Factory (AF) application scenario is discussed, which focuses on the configuration of production resources and describes the adaptability of an individual facility through (physical) modification. This paper first provides a detailed analysis of the requirements from these scenarios. Furthermore, it analyses the current Multi-Agent System (MAS) architectures and agent-based planning and decision support systems requirements. MAS can be used to create application-independent I4.0 systems with arbitrary hardware automation platforms. To create a scalable communication network that also supports application independence and enables the semantically machine-readable description of the exchanged data, the OPC UA standard was adopted. As a result of the study, the concept shows how different and independent automation platforms can be seamlessly connected via OPC UA. The proposed MAS concept has been evaluated in different use cases, namely OCP and AF.
Unmanned Aircraft Systems Performance in a Climate-Controlled Laboratory
Authors: Scanavino Matteo , Avi Arrigo , Vilardi Andrea , Guglieri Giorgio 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDespite many research studies focus on strategies to improve autopilot capabilities and bring artificial intelligence onboard Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS), there are still few experimental activities related to these vehicle performance under unconventional weather conditions. Air temperature and altitudes directly affect thrust and power coefficients of small scale propeller for UAS applications. Reynolds numbers are usually within the range 10,000 to 100,000 and important aerodynamic effects, such as the laminar separation bubbles, occur with a negative impact on propulsion performance. The development of autonomous UAS platforms to reduce pilot work-load and allow Beyond Visual Line of Sight (BVLOS) operations requires experimental data to validate capabilities of these innovative vehicles. High quality data are needed for a deep understanding of limitations and opportunities of UAS under unconventional flight conditions. The primary objective of this article is to present the characterization of a propeller and a quadrotor capabilities in a pressure-climate-controlled chamber. Mechanical and electrical data are measured with a dedicated test setup over a wide range of temperatures and altitudes. Test results are presented in terms of thrust and power coefficient trends. The experimental data shows low Reynolds numbers are responsible for degraded thrust performance. Moreover, details on brushless motor capabilities are also discussed considering different temperature and pressure conditions. The experimental data collected in the test campaign will be leveraged to improve UAS design, propulsion system modelling as well as to provide guidelines for safe UAS operations in extreme environments.
On the SQH Method for Solving Differential Nash Games
Authors: Campana Francesca Calà , Borzì Alfio 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA sequentialquadratic Hamiltonian schemefor solving open-loop differential Nash games is proposed and investigated. This method is formulated in the framework of the Pontryagin maximum principle and represents an efficient and robust extension of the successive approximations strategy for solving optimal control problems. Theoretical results are presented that prove the well-posedness of the proposed scheme, and results of numerical experiments are reported that successfully validate its computational performance.
The Influence of Oxide Color on the Surface Characteristics of Zirconium Alloy ZrNb7 (wt%) After Different Heat Treatments
Authors: Mosbacher Mike , Holzinger Markus , Galetz Mathias , Glatzel Uwe 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOxidized zirconium alloys can appear as black, white and all gray shades depending on the heat treatment process. The black color results from a high amount of oxygen vacancies in non-stoichiometric zirconia (ZrO2−x) that effectively reduces the band gap of the material. In this work we compare the surface properties of black and white zirconia on ZrNb7 substrate. An oxidation in air at 600 °C for 1 h results in a dark-gray oxide with only a few micro cracks. Oxidation at low oxygen partial pressure at 600 °C for 8 h (pO2 = 10–19 Pa) generates a dense, totally black oxide scale. A three step heat treatment process, that was introduced for better coating adhesion, results in a white oxide layer with many micro cracks parallel to the surface. From the results of various microscopy and spectroscopy techniques, we derive a model of the layer formation of zirconia on ZrNb7 and give reason why black zirconia, and therefore the oxidation at low oxygen partial pressure, is favorable for tribological applications (e.g., artificial joint replacements).
Decomposition and temperature sensitivity of fine root and leaf litter of 43 mediterranean species
Authors: Bonanomi Giuliano , Idbella Mohamed , Zotti Maurizio , Santorufo Lucia , Motti Riccardo , Maisto Giulia , De Marco Anna 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Aims
Data on the decomposition of fine roots are scarce for the Mediterranean basin. This work aims to compare chemical traits, decomposition rate, and temperature sensitivity (Q10) for root and leaf litter of 43 Mediterranean species.

Methods
We carried out a two-years litterbag decomposition experiment using 43 fine roots litter and leaf litter types incubated in laboratory conditions at three different temperatures, i.e. 4 °C, 14 °C, and 24 °C. Litter was characterized for carbon (C), nitrogen (N), lignin and cellulose concentration, C/N, and lignin/N ratios.

Results
Fine root litter had lower N content but higher lignin concentration, lignin/N, and C/N ratios compared to leaf litter. The decay rate of fine root litter was slower than leaf litter. For both tissues, the decay rate was negatively associated with lignin concentration, lignin/N, and C/N ratios but positively with N concentration. Q10 was higher for fine root than leaf litter, with a positive correlation with lignin while negative with N concentration.

Conclusions
Our findings demonstrate a higher Q10 accompanied by a slower decomposition rate of fine root litter compared to leaf litter in Mediterranean ecosystems. These results must be considered in modeling organic C at the ecosystem scale.
The Efficient Assessment of Self-Esteem: Proposing the Brief Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale
Authors: Monteiro Renan P. , Coelho Gabriel Lins de Holanda , Hanel Paul H. P. , de Medeiros Emerson Diógenes , da Silva Phillip Dyamond Gomes 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSelf-esteem is defined as sense of self-worth and self-respect, being crucial for understanding people’s well-being and success. It is one of the most studied constructs in the social sciences, with the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) being the most used measure. Across four studies (N = 1450), we tested the psychometric parameters of an abbreviated version of the RSES. Through Item Response Theory, the five best items were selected to form the unidimensional Brief Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (B-RSES), a reliable and valid measure of self-esteem, which is invariant across age groups and gender. In addition, both RSES and B-RSES correlated very similarly with the Big Five Personality Factors. Also, the B-RSES was strongly correlated with three other short measures of self-esteem, besides being more strongly associated with a range of variables such as conscientiousness and self-competence in comparison to the other three short scales. Together, the B-RSES is especially useful in research that requires rapid evaluation and the use of multiple variables.
ProwisT – Ein Instrument zur Einschätzung des professionellen Handlungswissens von Trainer/innen
Authors: Wißhak Susanne , Bonnes Caroline , Hochholdinger Sabine 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungDer vorliegende Beitrag in der Zeitschrift Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation (GIO) beinhaltet die Vorstellung, theoretische Einordnung und inhaltliche Validierung eines Selbst- und Fremdbewertungsinstruments für Trainerwissen.Trainer/innen sind Personen, die berufliche und betriebliche Fort- und Weiterbildungsangebote durchführen. Von ihren Kompetenzen und ihrem Wissen hängt die Qualität betrieblicher Weiterbildungen ab. Ausgehend von einer literaturbasierten Anforderungsermittlung wurde zunächst ein Fragebogen bezüglich des von Trainer/innen benötigten professionellen Handlungswissens entwickelt. Dieser Fragebogen lässt sich in einer modifizierten Form, demInstrument zur Einschätzung des professionellen Handlungswissens von Trainer/innen(ProwisT), auch für die Selbst- oder Fremdeinschätzung des Wissens von Trainer/innen einsetzen. Das Instrument umfasst 41 Wissensfacetten, die sich auf 10 übergeordnete, theoretisch fundierte Wissensdimensionen verteilen. Dazu gehören neben dem Wissen über die Planung und Konzeption von Trainings Kenntnisse über Gruppenmanagement, die methodische Umsetzung von Trainings, Diagnostik, bildungswissenschaftliche Grundlagen, individuelle Unterschiede der Teilnehmenden, Fachwissen, fachdidaktisches Wissen, Organisationswissen sowie Kenntnisse über Beratung und Coaching.Die 41 Wissensfacetten wurden zunächst von 200 Trainer/innen, 253 Teilnehmenden und 93 Personalverantwortlichen auf einer sechsstufigen Skala im Hinblick auf ihre Relevanz für die Trainertätigkeit beurteilt. Mit wenigen Ausnahmen wurde die Relevanz der 41 Facetten durch die Befragten bestätigt. Die Teilnehmenden scheinen bei der Bewertung der Facetten teilweise andere Schwerpunkte zu setzen als Trainer/innen und Personalverantwortliche.Das modifizierte Instrument ProwisT kann von Trainer/innen zum Abgleich des eigenen professionellen Wissens und damit für eine individualisierte Kompetenzentwicklung genutzt werden. Außerdem kann es als Standard für Trainerausbildungen, Trainingsanbieter und Personalabteilungen dienen.
An algorithm for automatically generating gas, bone and foreign body visualizations from postmortem computed tomography data
Authors: Ebert Lars C. , Seckiner Dilan , Sieberth Till , Thali Michael J. , Franckenberg Sabine 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPost mortem computed tomography (PMCT) can aid in localizing foreign bodies, bone fractures, and gas accumulations. The visualization of these findings play an important role in the communication of radiological findings. In this article, we present an algorithm for automated visualization of gas distributions on PMCT image data of the thorax and abdomen. The algorithm uses a combination of region growing segmentation and layering of different visualization methods to automatically generate overview images that depict radiopaque foreign bodies, bones and gas distributions in one image. The presented method was tested on 955 PMCT scans of the thorax and abdomen. The algorithm managed to generate useful images for all cases, visualizing foreign bodies as well as gas distribution. The most interesting cases are presented in this article. While this type of visualization cannot replace a real radiological analysis of the image data, it can provide a quick overview for briefings and image reports.
Analytic solution of in-plane vortex–rotor interactions with arbitrary orientation and its impact on rotor trim
Authors: van der Wall Berend G. , van der Wall Lennert B. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe general aerodynamic problem of arbitrarily oriented in-plane vortex-rotor interaction was investigated in the past only by numerical simulation. Just one special case of in-plane vortex-rotor interaction with the vortex axis in flight direction was recently solved analytically. In this article, the analytical solution for arbitrary in-plane vortex orientation and position relative to the rotor is given for the first time. The solution of the integrals involved as derived here encompasses and simplifies the previous derivation of the special case significantly. Results provide the vortex impact on rotor trim (thrust, aerodynamic rolling and pitching moments about the hub) and the rotor controls required to mitigate these disturbances. For the special case with the vortex axis in flight direction, the results are identical to the former solution and results for the other in-plane vortex orientations and positions agree with the numerical results obtained so far.
Actual Racial/Ethnic Disparities in COVID-19 Mortality for the Non-Hispanic Black Compared to Non-Hispanic White Population in 35 US States and Their Association with Structural Racism
Authors: Siegel Michael , Critchfield-Jain Isabella , Boykin Matthew , Owens Alicia 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Introduction
While the increased burden of COVID-19 among the Black population has been recognized, most attempts to quantify the extent of this racial disparity have not taken the age distribution of the population into account. In this paper, we determine the Black–White disparity in COVID-19 mortality rates across 35 states using direct age standardization. We then explore the relationship between structural racism and differences in the magnitude of this disparity across states.

Methods
Using data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, we calculated both crude and age-adjusted COVID-19 mortality rates for the non-Hispanic White and non-Hispanic Black populations in each state. We explored the relationship between a state-level structural racism index and the observed differences in the racial disparities in COVID-19 mortality across states. We explored the potential mediating effects of disparities in exposure based on occupation, underlying medical conditions, and health care access.

Results
Relying upon crude death rate ratios resulted in a substantial underestimation of the true magnitude of the Black–White disparity in COVID-19 mortality rates. The structural racism index was a robust predictor of the observed racial disparities. Each standard deviation increase in the racism index was associated with an increase of 0.26 in the ratio of COVID-19 mortality rates among the Black compared to the White population.

Conclusions
Structural racism should be considered a root cause of the Black–White disparity in COVID-19 mortality. Dismantling the long-standing systems of racial oppression is critical to adequately address both the downstream and upstream causes of racial inequities in the disease burden of COVID-19.
Dueling deep Q-networks for social awareness-aided spectrum sharing
Authors: Wang Yonghua , Li Xueyang , Wan Pin , Chang Le , Deng Xia 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn overlapping spectrum sharing, due to the complexity of cognitive environment, it is a real challenge for a secondary user (SU) to correctly sense the usage of the spectrum in real time. To tackle this challenge, a social awareness-aided transmit power control policy for SUs is developed. First, a social network composed of a group of third-party sensing nodes that do not share the spectrum with the PU is established, which helps an SU collect the power information of the PU. Then, we design a Dueling Deep Q-Network (DQN) model to achieve efficient dynamic spectrum sharing between the PU and the SU with the power information collected in the social network. Experimental results show that the spectrum sharing success rate is higher and the comprehensive performance is improved with the sensing nodes selected by the social relationship. Moreover, compared with other deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithms, the performance of Dueling DQN is more stable on our targeted spectrum sharing problem.
Image resizing by reconstruction from deep features
Authors: Danon Dov , Arar Moab , Cohen-Or Daniel , Shamir Ariel 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTraditional image resizing methods usually work in pixel space and use various saliency measures. The challenge is to adjust the image shape while trying to preserve important content. In this paper we perform image resizing in feature space using the deep layers of a neural network containing rich important semantic information. We directly adjust the image feature maps, extracted from a pre-trained classification network, and reconstruct the resized image using neural-network based optimization. This novel approach leverages the hierarchical encoding of the network, and in particular, the high-level discriminative power of its deeper layers, that can recognize semantic regions and objects, thereby allowing maintenance of their aspect ratios. Our use of reconstruction from deep features results in less noticeable artifacts than use of imagespace resizing operators. We evaluate our method on benchmarks, compare it to alternative approaches, and demonstrate its strengths on challenging images.
Gestagengabe in der Menopause: Was sind Unterschiede, Vorteile und Nachteile der einzelnen Präparate?
Authors: Gobrecht-Keller Ursula 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungFrauen mit intaktem Uterus müssen bei der Anwendung eines systemisch wirksamen Östrogens zur Endometriumprotektion ein Gestagen erhalten. Gestagene lassen sich in verschiedene Wirkstoffgruppen einteilen, welche unterschiedliche Partialwirkungen haben. Dies bedeutet, dass es keinen Klasseneffekt der Gestagene gibt, sondern die Effekte auf Metabolismus sowie auf hormonsensible Gewebe wie Brust, Endometrium und Knochen variieren können. Mikronisiertes Progesteron und Dydrogesteron scheinen in Hinblick auf Herz-Kreislauf-System und Brust die sicherste Option zu sein. Ihre Effekte auf die Glukosehomöostase und den Lipidstoffwechsel sind neutral. Eine menopausale Hormontherapie, einschliesslich der Wahl des Gestagens, sollte immer entsprechend dem Risikoprofil und den Behandlungszielen der Patientin individualisiert werden.
A review of passivity breakdown on metal surfaces: influence of chloride- and sulfide-ion concentrations, temperature, and pH
Authors: Parangusan Hemalatha , Bhadra Jolly , Al-Thani Noora 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMetals, including austenitic steels and alloys, have been extensively applied in industrial and engineering applications. Passive films on metal surfaces are very important for corrosion protection. However, localized attack, such as passive film breakdown and the initiation of pits, is found upon exposure of such metals to aggressive ion-containing environments, leading to material failure and prominent adverse economic and safety concerns. For several decades, the mechanism of passivity breakdown and pit nucleation during pitting corrosion has been widely studied. The present article provides a detailed review of passive film breakdown on metal surfaces and the effects of complicated conditions, such as chloride- and sulfide-ion concentrations, temperature, and solution pH, on passivity breakdown. The possible mechanism for passivity breakdown is reviewed and discussed. The composition, structure, and electronic properties of passive layers are of conclusive importance to understand the leading corrosion mechanism, and they have been investigated with different techniques. Furthermore, we aim to present the structure, chemical composition, and electronic properties of passive films on metal surfaces by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy. Additionally, the surface morphology of passive films is analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques. Finally, the effect of chloride- and sulfide-ion concentrations, pH, and temperature on passivity breakdown is discussed in detail.