bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific CD8+ T‐cell responses and TCR signatures in the context of a prominent HLA‐A*24:02 allomorph
Authors: Rowntree Louise C , Petersen Jan , Juno Jennifer A , Chaurasia Priyanka , Wragg Kathleen , Koutsakos Marios , Hensen Luca , Wheatley Adam K , Kent Stephen J , Rossjohn Jamie , Kedzierska Katherine , Nguyen Thi HO 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn‐depth understanding of human T‐cell‐mediated immunity in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is needed if we are to optimize vaccine strategies and immunotherapies. Identification of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) T‐cell epitopes and generation of peptide–human leukocyte antigen (peptide–HLA) tetramers facilitate direct ex vivo analyses of SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific T cells and their T‐cell receptor (TCR) repertoires. We utilized a combination of peptide prediction and in vitro peptide stimulation to validate novel SARS‐CoV‐2 epitopes restricted by HLA‐A*24:02, one of the most prominent HLA class I alleles, especially in Indigenous and Asian populations. Of the peptides screened, three spike‐derived peptides generated CD8+IFNγ+ responses above background, S1208–1216 (QYIKWPWYI), S448–456 (NYNYLYRLF) and S193–201 (VFKNIDGYF), with S1208 generating immunodominant CD8+IFNγ+ responses. Using peptide–HLA‐I tetramers, we performed direct ex vivo tetramer enrichment for HLA‐A*24:02‐restricted CD8+ T cells in COVID‐19 patients and prepandemic controls. The precursor frequencies for HLA‐A*24:02‐restricted epitopes were within the range previously observed for other SARS‐CoV‐2 epitopes for both COVID‐19 patients and prepandemic individuals. Naïve A24/SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific CD8+ T cells increased nearly 7.5‐fold above the average precursor frequency during COVID‐19, gaining effector and memory phenotypes. Ex vivo single‐cell analyses of TCRαβ repertoires found that the A24/S448+CD8+ T‐cell TCRαβ repertoire was driven by a common TCRβ chain motif, whereas the A24/S1208+CD8+ TCRαβ repertoire was diverse across COVID‐19 patients. Our study provides an in depth characterization and important insights into SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific CD8+ T‐cell responses associated with a prominent HLA‐A*24:02 allomorph. This contributes to our knowledge on adaptive immune responses during primary COVID‐19 and could be exploited in vaccine or immunotherapeutic approaches.
Perceptions and experiences of nurses transitioning to primary care: A qualitative study
Authors: Koh Hui Min Dana , Lee Ching Siang Cindy , Anna Christie , Lau Ying 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundTransitioning to primary care is a highly stressful process for nurses due to the diverse roles and responsibilities required. Despite the global shift of health services requiring more nurses in primary care, there is a dearth of literature regarding their transition experiences.AimTo explore the perceptions and experiences of nurses transitioning to primary care.MethodsA qualitative descriptive design was used. Nineteen nurses from five primary care clinics in Singapore participated in the semi‐structured interviews. These interviews gathered the experiences of nurses transitioning to primary care. Interviews were analysed using thematic analysis through an inductive and theoretical approach. Rigour was established through an audit trail, peer examination and member checking.FindingsThree themes of Idealistic assumptions, Role realignment and Seeking enlightenment emerged. These themes described the nurses’ initial disorientation to the unfamiliar primary care setting; their attempts to fit in by embracing the new environment and suppressing their true emotions; and the support received coupled with their ownership to learn.Implications for nursing policyThe findings highlight the importance for nurse managers to promote positive transition experiences through the modification of existing support programmes and organizational cultures. To further enhance the nurses’ retention within primary care, it is imperative for nurse educators and policy makers to revise the nursing curricula, primary care nursing career framework and recruitment campaigns at the national level. This brings clarity to the misconceptions in the roles and expectations required of nurses in primary care.
Fermi level pinning in Co‐doped BaTiO3: Part II. Defect chemistry models
Authors: Bowes Preston C. , Ryu Gyung Hyun , Baker Jonathon N. , Dickey Elizabeth C. , Irving Douglas L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA first‐principles informed grand canonical defect chemistry model capable of accounting for non‐stoichiometry and partial equilibration of different sub‐lattices is developed and used to study Mg and Mn doped, and (Mg+Y) and (Mn+Y) co‐doped BaTiO3 to elucidate the role of Mn and Y in improving the resistivity and resistance degradation of BaTiO3 as observed by Ryu et al. in Part I of this series of papers. The model qualitatively captures the behavior of the samples in all conditions, reproducing the observed carrier plateau and increased resistivity of (Mn+Y) co‐doped BaTiO3, and expected trends in the concentrations of free oxygen vacancies with doping. These trends reflect the observed differences in degradation characteristics, and help explain the substantially improved degradation resistance of the (Mn+Y) co‐doped samples. Our model adds to the mechanism proposed by Yeoh et al. that the Fermi level is pinned by the multivalent character of MnTi in (Mn+Y) co‐doped BaTiO3 by giving insight into the role of barium vacancies, the site preferences of the dopants, and defect complexes in this mechanism. These insights provide a set of criteria in the search for sets of co‐dopants with similar behaviors.
Microwave and terahertz properties of porous Ba4(Sm,Nd,Bi)28/3Ti18O54 ceramics obtained by sacrificial template method
Authors: Chen Yugu , Guo Weijia , Luo Yu , Ma Zhiyu , Zhang Li , Yue Zhenxing 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMicrowave and terahertz communications are increasingly significant, however, the lack of material information in terahertz band limits their development. Moreover, few lightweight materials with a high relative dielectric constant () are found suited for satellite communication and wearable devices. In this study, we developed lightweight porous Ba4[(Sm0.1Nd0.9)0.9Bi0.1]28/3Ti18O54 (BSNBT) ceramics exhibiting a total porosity ranging from 6.3% to 26.5% (bulk density ranging from 5.47 to 4.29 g/cm3) and relatively high ranging from 85.6 to 56.8, which were obtained by sacrificial template method using polymethyl methacrylate spheres (PMMAs) of varying average particle sizes, from 9 to 34 μm, as sacrificial materials. A high refractive index ranging between 7.5 and 8.9 and a low absorption coefficient of approximately 17 cm−1 at 0.3 THz were obtained for the porous ceramics with different total porosities derived from PMMAs with average particle sizes of 9 and 19 μm. Furthermore, effective medium and Mie scattering theories were applied to understand the effects of porous structure on the dielectric properties in microwave and terahertz frequency ranges, respectively, owing to the different wavelengths in the BSNBT matrix. The results of this study suggest that introducing a porous structure can effectively exploit lightweight microwave dielectric ceramic materials and provide valuable information on their terahertz response mechanism.
Effects of user experiences on continuance intention of using immersive three‐dimensional virtual reality among institutionalized older adults
Authors: Huang Chiu‐Mieh , Liao Jung‐Yu , Lin Tsung‐Yi , Hsu Hsiao‐Pei , Charles Lee Tzu‐Chi , Guo Jong‐Long 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimTo evaluate the acceptance of three‐dimensional virtual reality programs and to explore the factors influencing the acceptance of the programs among the institutionalized older adults.DesignA cross‐sectional explanatory study.MethodsA total of 71 residents completed the program successfully. They were invited to join a 9‐week program included eight activities related to horticultural therapy in a virtual environment. Data were collected by structured questionnaires from August 2018 to February 2019. Ten association hypotheses were derived from the literature review. Partial least squares structural equation modelling was used to examine the proposed hypotheses.ResultsProgram acceptance was defined as virtual reality practices and continuous usage intention. Frequency of practice was about 12 times during 9‐week free‐trial period, and the score of continuance usage intention was 13.06 (maximum value of 15). The findings indicated that virtual reality practices were significantly affected by presence and the presence was significantly affected by involvement and interactivity. Continuance usage intention was significantly affected by involvement; and involvement was significantly affected by interactivity. However, continuance usage intention was not significantly influenced by virtual reality practices.ConclusionsThe findings supported that immersive three‐dimensional virtual reality program was accepted by the institutionalized older adults. The acceptance, in terms of virtual reality practices and continuous usage intention, was influenced by different paths. The findings have a potential impact on the design of virtual reality technology for the care of institutionalized older adults.ImpactWhat problem did the study address?

There were controversial findings about the acceptance of immersive 3D virtual reality program among older adults.
What were the main findings?

Interactivity advanced the sense of presence and, thus, resulted in a higher frequency of virtual reality practices.
Interactivity enhanced perception of involvement, thus, contributing to an increased intention of continuous usage
Where and on whom will the research have an impact?

The immersive 3D virtual reality program was appropriate for older adults, even for first time users or individuals aged over 80 years.
The findings revealed new insights for developing immersive 3D virtual reality programs for the older adults.
The impact of nurse staffing methodologies on nurse and patient outcomes: A systematic review
Authors: Twigg Diane E. , Whitehead Lisa , Doleman Gemma , El‐Zaemey Sonia 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimAim of this study is to systematically review and synthesize available evidence to identify the association between nurse staffing methodologies and nurse and patient outcomes.DesignSystematic review and narrative synthesis.Data sourcesA search of MEDLINE (EBSCO), CINAHL (EBSCO) and Web of Science was conducted for studies published in English between January 2000 and January 2020.Review methodsThe reporting of this review and narrative synthesis was guided by the preferred reporting items for systematic and meta‐analysis guidelines (PRISMA) statement and data synthesis guided by the Synthesis Without Meta‐analysis (SWiM) guideline. The quality of each article was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool.ResultsTwenty‐two studies met the inclusion criteria. Twenty‐one used the mandated minimum nurse‐to‐patient ratio methodology and one study assessed the number of nurse hours per patient day staffing methodology. Both methodologies were mandated. All studies that reported on nurse outcomes demonstrated an improvement associated with the implementation of mandated minimum nurse‐to‐patient ratio, but findings related to patient outcomes were inconclusive.ConclusionsEvidence on the impact of specific nurse staffing methodologies and patient and nurse outcomes remains highly limited. Future studies that examine the impact of specific staffing methodologies on outcomes are required to inform this fundamental area of management and practice.
Impact of Quaternary climatic oscillations on phylogeographic patterns of three habitat‐segregated Cerastium taxa endemic to the Dinaric Alps
Authors: Đurović Sanja Z. , Temunović Martina , Niketić Marjan , Tomović Gordana , Schönswetter Peter , Frajman Božo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimThe Balkan Peninsula has served as source for the colonisation of large parts of Europe after the Pleistocene, but the processes driving the intraspecific diversification within the Balkan Peninsula are much less understood. To fill this gap, we investigated the phylogeography and evolutionary history of three habitat‐segregated Cerastium taxa endemic to the Dinaric Alps and explored whether they responded differently to the Quaternary climatic oscillations in the Balkan Peninsula.LocationEurope, Balkan Peninsula, Dinaric Alps.TaxonCerastium (Caryophyllaceae, angiosperms).MethodsWe combined climatic niche comparisons and species distribution modelling (SDM) on the one hand, with cytological (relative genome size, RGS) and genetic / genomic approaches such as amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) fingerprinting, phylogenetic analyses of nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and plastid (trnT–ndhJ) sequences on the other hand, in order to investigate how the Pleistocene glaciations and the Holocene warming influenced the phylogeographic structure of the studied taxa. SDM was used to reconstruct past, present and future habitat suitability.ResultsDespite nonequivalent climatic niches, we detected climatic niche similarity amongst the three Cerastium taxa. Nonhierarchical K‐means clustering of AFLP data revealed an optimal split into two geographically segregated groups in all three taxa. Genetic divergence between the northwestern and the southeastern populations can be explained by isolation in northern and southern refugia, as suggested by SDM. The ITS and plastid sequences revealed similar, although more complex, patterns of genetic differentiation, and RGS differentiation was mainly geography‐correlated.Main conclusionsDespite the pronounced habitat segregation amongst the studied taxa, their overall phylogeographic structure is similar, suggesting comparable underlying processes and similar responses to the same historical events. However, we anticipate that the three taxa will respond differently to ongoing climate warming.
Seductive details do their damage also in longer learning sessions – When the details are perceived as relevant
Authors: Bender Lisa , Renkl Alexander , Eitel Alexander 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundPast research has shown that seductive details (i.e., interesting, but irrelevant adjuncts in learning materials) hamper learning in short, instructor‐paced learning sessions through impaired cognitive processing.ObjectivesWe integrate theory and research on multimedia learning and self‐control to test whether detrimental effects of seductive details also apply to longer and strenuous learning sessions (e.g., online lectures), in which there is greater need for self‐control.MethodsA total of N = 194 students studied five chapters in a digital learning unit about chemistry either (1) without seductive details, or (2) with seductive details but without being informed about their irrelevance for the learning goal, or (3) with seductive details while being informed about their irrelevance. To assess learning outcomes, all students completed the same posttests for recall and transfer of knowledge.Results and conclusionsFor students who were uninformed about the details' irrelevance, the seductive details impeded learning outcomes not just overall, but also in the final phase of prolonged studying (i.e., when the willingness to self‐control is reduced). The latter effect was mediated through a reduced positive affect.ImplicationsThe seductive details effect seems to generalize to prolonged learning sessions, where students may start to dislike the seductive details.
Recent advances in gene therapy for atrial fibrillation
Authors: Yoo Shin , Geist Gail Elizabeth , Pfenniger Anna , Rottmann Markus , Arora Rishi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAtrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common heart rhythm disorder in adults and a major cause of stroke. Unfortunately, current treatments for AF are suboptimal as they are not targeting the molecular mechanisms underlying AF. In this regard, gene therapy is emerging as a promising approach for mechanism‐based treatment of AF. In this review, we summarize recent advances and challenges in gene therapy for this important cardiovascular disease.
Recognition of the atrioventricular node anatomical structure: Connection between the retroaortic node and the compact node
Authors: Wang Fan , Zhang Lu Lu , Meng Wei , Bin Zhu , Li Shu Feng , Wu Qiu Wen , Zhang Shuo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe complex electrophysiological phenomena related to the atrioventricular node (AVN) are due to its complex anatomical structures. Aside from the inferior nodal extension (INE), other node‐like tissues, such as the retroaortic node (RN), have been described less extensively and may also share the mechanism of normal conduction and abnormal conduction in AVN re‐entrant tachycardia.MethodsHigh‐density sections of the entire AVN were obtained from rats and rabbits. Fibrosis was analyzed by Masson's trichrome staining. Connexin (Cx43, Cx40, and Cx45) and ion channel (Nav1.5, Cav3.1, and HCN4) proteins were immunohistochemically labeled for the analysis of tissue features. Three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction of the AV junction was performed to clarify the relationships among different structures.ResultsThe RN expressed the same connexin isoforms as the compact node (CN) and INE. Nav1.5 labeling was observed at low levels in the CN, RN, and INE, where Cav3.1 and HCN4 were expressed. The CN connected with the RN in a narrow strip pattern at the start of the CN. The RN presented as a shuttle shape and was the only tissue directly connected with the atrium in the anterior septum.ConclusionThe RN connects with the AVN anatomically, suggesting that direct electrical conduction occurs between them. The entrance of the atria into the AVN is distal to the RN, which may form the fast AVN pathway.
Astragalus polysaccharide attenuates LPS‐related inflammatory osteolysis by suppressing osteoclastogenesis by reducing the MAPK signalling pathway
Authors: Yang Jianye , Qin Leilei , Huang Jiaxing , Li Yuwan , Xu Sha , Wang Hai , Zhu Sizheng , Wang Jiawei , Zhu Bo , Li Feilong , Huang Wei , Gong Xuan , Hu Ning 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBacterial products can stimulate inflammatory reaction and activate immune cells to enhance the production of inflammatory cytokines, and finally promote osteoclasts recruitment and activity, leading to bone destruction. Unfortunately, effective preventive and treatment measures for inflammatory osteolysis are limited and usually confuse the orthopedist. Astragalus polysaccharide (APS), the main extractive of Astragali Radix, has been widely used for treating inflammatory diseases. In the current study, in vitro and in vivo experimental results demonstrated that APS notably inhibited osteoclast formation and differentiation dose‐dependently. Moreover, we found that APS down‐regulated RANKL‐related osteoclastogenesis and levels of osteoclast marker genes, such as NFATC1, TRAP, c‐FOS and cathepsin K. Further underlying mechanism investigation revealed that APS attenuated activity of MAPK signalling pathways (eg ERK, JNK and p38) and ROS production induced by RANKL. Additionally, APS was also found to suppress LPS‐related inflammatory osteolysis by decreasing inflammatory factors' production in vivo. Overall, our findings demonstrate that APS effectively down‐regulates inflammatory osteolysis due to osteoclast differentiation and has the potential to become an effective treatment of the disorders associated with osteoclast.
Effects of physician’s diabetes self‐management education using Japan Association of Diabetes Education and Care Diabetes Education Card System Program and a self‐monitoring of blood glucose readings analyzer in individuals with type 2 diabetes: An exploratory, open‐labeled, prospective randomized clinical trial
Authors: Tanaka Nagaaki , Yabe Daisuke , Murotani Kenta , Yamaguchi Yuko , Fujita Yuki , Kubota Sodai , Nakashima‐Yasuda Rena , Kubota‐Okamoto Saki , Ueno Shinji , Yamazaki Yuji , Kuwata Hitoshi , Watanabe Koin , Hyo Takanori , Hamamoto Yoshiyuki , Kurose Takeshi , Higashiyama Hiroko , Seino Yusuke , Yamada Yuichiro , Seino Yutaka 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAims/IntroductionThis 6‐month, single‐center, prospective, open‐labeled, randomized trial was designed to investigate whether physicians’ diabetes self‐management education using an education tool developed by the Japan Association of Diabetes Education and Care and a self‐monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) analyzer improves glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes receiving insulin and SMBG.Materials and MethodsParticipants were randomized into intervention (I) and control (C) groups. Both groups received physicians’ diabetes self‐management education at each hospital visit, whereas the Japan Association of Diabetes Education and Care education tool and the SMBG readings analyzer was used in group I, but not group C. All participants filled out a diabetes treatment‐related quality of life form and an original questionnaire on SMBG use with five questions (Q1–Q5) before and after the study period.ResultsA total of 76 individuals were recruited and randomized. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was significantly improved during the study period in group I, whereas no significant change was observed in group C. The change in HbA1c was greater in group I, although it did not reach statistical significance. The diabetes treatment‐related quality of life total score was not changed in either group. Interestingly, the score of Q1 (“How important is SMBG to you?”) in the SMBG questionnaire was unchanged in group I, whereas it was significantly decreased in group C. HbA1c change was independently associated with changes in insulin dose and SMBG Q1 score.ConclusionGreater HbA1c‐lowering by physicians’ diabetes self‐management education using the Japan Association of Diabetes Education and Care education tool and SMBG analyzer in individuals with type 2 diabetes receiving insulin and SMBG was suggested, but not confirmed.
Survey on the actual number of nurses required for critical patients with COVID‐19 in Japanese intensive care units: Preliminary report
Authors: Hamamoto Miya , Unoki Takeshi , Tamoto Mitsuhiro , Sakuramoto Hideaki , Kawai Yusuke , Miyamoto Takeharu , Ito Yumi , Moro Etsuko , Tatsuno Junko , Nishida Osamu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDetermining the number of nurses required for patients with coronavirus disease receiving mechanical ventilation and/or veno‐veno extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is important to provide quality care. Therefore, we conducted this cross‐sectional survey of 725 intensive care units in Japan. Data from 152 units with experience of managing patients with coronavirus disease who required tracheal intubation were analyzed. The median number of nurses required for a patient receiving mechanical ventilation or veno‐veno extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was two. This number was more than that according to the Japanese standard determined by government. We conclude that more nursing staff is required for caring for patients critically ill with coronavirus disease in intensive care units.