bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The BepiColombo Laser Altimeter
Authors: Thomas N. , Hussmann H. , Spohn T. , Lara L. M. , Christensen U. , Affolter M. , Bandy T. , Beck T. , Chakraborty S. , Geissbuehler U. , Gerber M. , Ghose K. , Gouman J. , HosseiniArani S. , Kuske K. , Peteut A. , Piazza D. , Rieder M. , Servonet A. , Althaus C. , Behnke T. , Gwinner K. , Hüttig C. , Kallenbach R. , Lichopoj A. , Lingenauber K. , Lötzke H.-G. , Lüdicke F. , Michaelis H. , Oberst J. , Schrödter R. , Stark A. , Steinbrügge G. , del Togno S. , Wickhusen K. , Castro J. M. , Herranz M. , Rodrigo J. , Perplies H. , Weigel T. , Schulze-Walewski S. , Blum S. , Casciello A. , Rugi-Grond E. , Coppoolse W. , Rech M. , Weidlich K. , Leikert T. , Henkelmann R. , Trefzger B. , Metz B. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe BepiColombo Laser Altimeter (BELA) is the first European laser altimeter constructed for interplanetary flight. BELA uses a 50 mJ pulsed Nd:YAG laser operating at 10 Hz with a 20 cm aperture receiver to perform the ranging. The instrument also uses a digital approach for range detection and pulse analysis. The ranging accuracy is expected to be better than 2 metres and ∼20 cm in optimum conditions. With the given, only slightly elliptical, orbit, BELA should return a consistent data set for the most if not all of the planet. The instrument is required to function in an extreme environment with the thermal issues being particularly demanding. Novel solutions have been taken to resolve these issues. BELA is described in detail and its predicted performance outlined on the basis of pre-flight testing.
Thrombotic complications in 2928 patients with COVID-19 treated in intensive care: a systematic review
Authors: Jenner William J. , Kanji Rahim , Mirsadraee Saeed , Gue Ying X. , Price Susanna , Prasad Sanjay , Gorog Diana A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA prothrombotic state is reported with severe COVID-19 infection, which can manifest in venous and arterial thrombotic events. Coagulopathy is reflective of more severe disease and anticoagulant thromboprophylaxis is recommended in hospitalized patients. However, the prevalence of thrombosis on the intensive care unit (ICU) remains unclear, including whether this is sufficiently addressed by conventional anticoagulant thromboprophylaxis. We aimed to identify the rate of thrombotic complications in ICU-treated patients with COVID-19, to inform recommendations for diagnosis and management. A systematic review was conducted to assess the incidence of thrombotic complications in ICU-treated patients with COVID-19. Observational studies and registries reporting thrombotic complications in ICU-treated patients were included. Information extracted included patient demographics, use of thromboprophylaxis or anticoagulation, method of identifying thrombotic complications, and reported patient outcomes. In 28 studies including 2928 patients, thrombotic complications occurred in 34% of ICU-managed patients, with deep venous thrombosis reported in 16.1% and pulmonary embolism in 12.6% of patients, despite anticoagulant thromboprophylaxis, and were associated with high mortality. Studies adopting systematic screening for venous thrombosis with Duplex ultrasound reported a significantly higher incidence of venous thrombosis compared to those relying on clinical suspicion (56.3% vs. 11.0%, p < 0.001). Despite thromboprophylaxis, there is a very high incidence of thrombotic complications in patients with COVID-19 on the ICU. Systematic screening identifies many thrombotic complications that would be missed by relying on clinical suspicion and should be employed, with consideration given to increased dose anticoagulant thromboprophylaxis, whilst awaiting results of prospective trials of anticoagulation in this cohort.
Groundwater chemistry affected by trace elements (As, Mo, Ni, U and V) from a burning alum shale waste deposit, Kvarntorp, Sweden
Authors: Åhlgren Kristina , Sjöberg Viktor , Allard Bert , Bäckström Mattias 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWorldwide, black shales and shale waste are known to be a potential source of metals to the environment. This project demonstrates ongoing weathering and evaluates leaching processes at a 100-m-high shale waste deposit closed in the 1960s. Some deep parts of the deposit are still burning with temperatures exceeding 500 °C. To demonstrate ongoing weathering and leaching, analyses of groundwater and solid samples of shale and shale waste have been undertaken. Largest impact on groundwater quality was observed downstream the deposit, where elevated temperatures also indicate a direct impact from the burning waste deposit. Groundwater quality is largely controlled by pH and redox conditions (e.g., for arsenic, nickel, molybdenum, uranium and vanadium), and the mixture of different waste materials, including pyrite (acidic leachates) and carbonates (neutralizing and buffering pH). Analyses of shale waste from the deposit confirm the expected pyrite weathering with high concentrations of iron, nickel and uranium in the leachates. No general time trends could be distinguished for the groundwater quality from the monitoring in 2004–2019. This study has shown that black shale waste deposits can have a complex long-term impact on the surrounding environment.
The Role of Physicians in Expanded Access to Investigational Drugs: A Mixed-Methods Study of Physicians’ Views and Experiences in The Netherlands
Authors: Bunnik Eline M. , Aarts Nikkie 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTreating physicians have key roles to play in expanded access to investigational drugs, by identifying investigational treatment options, assessing the balance of risks and potential benefits, informing their patients, and applying to the regulatory authorities. This study is the first to explore physicians’ experiences and moral views, with the aim of understanding the conditions under which doctors decide to pursue expanded access for their patients and the obstacles and facilitators they encounter in the Netherlands. In this mixed-methods study, semi-structured interviews (n = 14) and a questionnaire (n = 90) were conducted with medical specialists across the country and analysed thematically. Typically, our respondents pursue expanded access in “back against the wall” situations and broadly support its classic requirements. They indicate practical hurdles related to reimbursement, the amount of time and effort required for the application, and unfamiliarity with the regulatory process. Some physicians are morally opposed to expanded access, with an appeal to safety risks, lack of evidence, and “false hope.” Some of these moral concerns and practical obstacles may be essential targets for change, if expanded access to unapproved drugs is to become available for wider groups of patients for whom standard treatment options are not—or no longer—available, on a more consistent and equal basis.
Professionelles Handeln in der Sozialen Arbeit
Authors: Ohling Maria 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungMit 16 Sozialarbeiter_innen wurden qualitative Interviews geführt zur Frage, was sie unter professionellem Handeln verstehen. Im Vordergrund stehen für die Befragten Methodenwissen und Qualitätsentwicklung. Theoretische und wissenschaftliche Grundlagen sowie Professionsethik kommen weniger in den Sinn. Die Ergebnisse werden in den Kontext anderer empirischer Befunde und in den Diskurs der Sozialen Arbeit gestellt.
Backbone NMR assignments of the C-terminal domain of the human prion protein and its disease‐associated T183A variant
Authors: Sanz-Hernández Máximo , De Simone Alfonso 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTransmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) are fatal neurodegenerative disorders associated with the misfolding and aggregation of the human prion protein (huPrP). Despite efforts into investigating the process of huPrP aggregation, the mechanisms triggering its misfolding remain elusive. A number of TSE-associated mutations of huPrP have been identified, but their role at the onset and progression of prion diseases is unclear. Here we report the NMR assignments of the C-terminal globular domain of the wild type huPrP and the pathological mutant T183A. The differences in chemical shifts between the two variants reveal conformational alterations in some structural elements of the mutant, whereas the analyses of secondary shifts and random coil index provide indications on the putative mechanisms of misfolding of T183A huPrP.
Informal Caregiving and Disaster Risk Reduction: A Scoping Review
Authors: Pickering Christina J. , Dancey Maya , Paik Karen , O’Sullivan Tracey 
Published: February 2021

AbstractInformal caregivers are a population currently in the shadows of disaster risk reduction (DRR), and yet essential to the provision of healthcare services. This scoping review explored the literature to understand issues related to informal caregiving and promising practices to support resilience for disasters. Following guidelines for scoping review as outlined by Tricco et al. (2016), relevant publications were identified from five major databases—Medline, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. Relevant studies referenced informal caregiving and disasters for a variety of population groups including children, people with disabilities or chronic illnesses, and older adults. Studies were excluded if they discussed formal caregiving services (for example, nursing), lacked relevance to disasters, or had insufficient discussion of informal caregiving. Overall, 21 articles met the inclusion criteria and were fully analyzed. Five themes were identified: (1) the need for education and training in DRR; (2) stressors around medication and supply issues; (3) factors affecting the decision-making process in a disaster; (4) barriers leading to disaster-related problems; and (5) factors promoting resilience. Recommended areas of strategic action and knowledge gaps are discussed. Many informal caregivers do not feel adequately prepared for disasters. Given the important role of informal caregivers in healthcare provision, preparedness strategies are essential to support community resilience for those requiring personal care support. By understanding and mobilizing assets to support the resilience of informal caregivers, we also support the resilience of the greater healthcare system and the community, in disaster contexts.
Using geochemical imaging data to map nickel sulfide deposits in Daxinganling, China
Authors: Chen Xiaoyan , Chen Jiang , Pan Jun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNickel sulfide deposits occur in ultramafic rocks in the Daxinganling area, China; however, the prospectivity of these deposits has received little attention. This study transformed rasterized regional 1:200,000 geochemical data into spectral-like data and then used hyperspectral tools of the spectral angle mapper (SAM) to classify possible ultramafic lithologies and the multirange spectral feature fitting (MRSFF) method to classify prospective areas that are similar to a typical Gaxian Ni deposit. The prospective area map generated by the MRSFF implies the possible occurrence of ultramafic rocks classified by the SAM method. These results confirm the suitability of this innovative approach for prospectivity mapping of Ni sulfide deposits.
Cyanotoxins in drinking water supply reservoir (Legedadi, Central Ethiopia): implications for public health safety
Authors: Habtemariam Hanna , Kifle Demeke , Leta Seyoum , Beekman Wendy , Lürling Miquel 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCyanobacterial blooms in drinking water supply affect its quality, which ultimately impacts ecosystem and public health. Thus, this cross-sectional study was conducted to perform a preliminary study on cyanotoxins via analysis of samples collected only once from two sites during the month of peak algal bloom and to subsequently prompt a comprehensive risk assessment in a major drinking water source, Legedadi Reservoir, of Addis Ababa, the capital city of Ethiopia. Samples were collected during peak algal bloom month (January 2018) from two sampling sites, near the dam (S1) and at the center of the reservoir (S2). Identification and enumeration of phytoplankton taxa were done and the measurement of common hepatotoxin (MCs and NOD) concentrations was conducted using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. In the reservoir, cyanobacteria made up to 98% of total phytoplankton abundance, with Dolichospermum and Microcystis spp, dominating the phytoplankton community. In these first cyanotoxin analyses conducted for a drinking water supply source in Ethiopia, six major MC variants, namely MC-dmRR, MC-RR, MC-YR, MC-dmLR, MC-LR, and MC-LA, were detected in both algal seston and water samples. MC-LR was the most dominant MCs variant, while nodularin was not detected for both sampling sites. Extracellular total MC concentrations (μg L−1) of 453.89 and 61.63 and intracellular total MC concentrations (μg L−1) of 189.29 and 112.34 were recorded for samples from S1 and S2, respectively. The high concentrations of extracellular MCs, with MC-LR constituting the greatest proportion, indicate the extremely high potential public health risk for end-users.
What affects how far individuals walk?
Authors: Hosseinzadeh Aryan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe number of studies that explore contributing factors that encourage individuals to do more walking trips is proliferated in recent years. However, there is still a lot to know about differentiating between short and long walking trips and their associated influencing factors. The current research investigated the impact of the influencing factors on the share of short and long walking trips across four different trips in 112 traffic analysis zones of Rasht, Iran. The share of walking trips was defined as the proportion of walking trips that originated/ended in an area on all trips that originated/ended in that area. In four trip purposes in short, long, and all trips, the factors associated with the share of walking in origins and destinations were investigated in 24 separate models. The factors included built environmental indices, such as transportation network connectivity and land-use variables, as well as socio-demographic. To differentiate between short and long walking trips, 600 m walking distance was recognized as a proxy. According to the results, the population density was found significantly increase share of walking in both the origins and destinations of short walking trips. Moreover, the models’ goodness of fits were relatively higher in short walking trips comparing long walking trips. This research's findings would give a profound assessment to city planners and decision makers who favor expanding walking as a sustainable mode of transportation.
Dynamics of potential precipitation under climate change scenarios at Cameron highlands, Malaysia
Authors: Nasidi Nuraddeen Mukhtar , Wayayok Aimrun. , Abdullah Ahmad Fikri , Mohd Kassim Muhamad Saufi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPrecipitation is sensitive to increasing greenhouse gas emission which has a significant impact on environmental sustainability. Rapid change of climate variables is often result into large variation in rainfall characteristics which trigger other forms of hazards such as floods, erosion, and landslides. This study employed multi-model ensembled general circulation models (GCMs) approach to project precipitation into 2050s and 2080s periods under four RCPs emission scenarios. Spatial analysis was performed in ArcGIS10.5 environment using Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) interpolation and Arc-Hydro extension. The model validation indicated by coefficient of determination, Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency, percent bias, root mean square error, standard error, and mean absolute error are 0.73, 0.27, 20.95, 1.25, 0.37 and 0.15, respectively. The results revealed that the Cameron Highlands will experience higher mean daily precipitations between 5.4 mm in 2050s and 9.6 mm in 2080s under RCP8.5 scenario, respectively. Analysis of precipitation concentration index (PCI) revealed that 75% of the watershed has PCI greater than 20 units which indicates substantial variability of the precipitation. Similarly, there is varied spatial distribution patterns of projected precipitation over the study watershed with the largest annual values ranged between 2900 and 3000 mm, covering 71% of the total area in 2080s under RCP8.5 scenario. Owing to this variability in rainfall magnitudes, appropriate measures for environmental protection are essential and to be strategized to address more vulnerable areas.
Ein Bild von einem Mann. Karl Marx in biografischen Publikationen zum 200. Geburtstag
Authors: Mares Detlev 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag untersucht den Niederschlag, den das Historisierungs-Paradigma in neueren biografischen Publikationen gefunden hat, die im Umfeld des 200. Geburtstags von Karl Marx erschienen sind. Dabei wird gefragt, welche neuen Perspektiven sich auf die Biografie ergeben. Den Ausgangspunkt der Betrachtung bilden vor allem die großen Biografien von Gareth Stedman Jones und Jürgen Neffe, die Marx als eine ‚unvollendete‘ Gelehrten- und Politikerpersönlichkeit des 19. Jahrhunderts präsentieren. Anschließend werden über das Biografische hinausgehende Publikationen daraufhin befragt, inwiefern das Historisierungs-Paradigma (über das Biografische hinaus) den Blick auf Marx verändert. Zusammengefasst wird argumentiert, dass die Einzelelemente der jüngeren Studien nicht alle grundstürzend neu sind, aber in der Konzentration auf eine Revision früherer Marx-Bilder durchaus den Beginn einer neuen Auseinandersetzung mit dem berühmten ‚Klassiker‘ einleiten könnten.
When problems just bounce back: about the relation between resilience and academic success in German tertiary education
Authors: Bittmann Felix 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWhile in the past the concept of resilience was used to explain psychological well-being in extreme situations like enduring poverty, abuse, or war, it has now found broad application in numerous fields of research. It can also be applied to examine how everyday challenges and problems are dealt with, for example in the educational and university context. This raises the question of whether resilience and academic success are correlated. Using German longitudinal data including university and university of applied sciences students in their first four years (2010–2015) we investigate how resilience and various measurements of success (satisfaction, intention to drop out, grades) are correlated using multilevel growth-curve models. We demonstrate that resilient individuals have consistently more positive academic trajectories, have lower dropout intentions, report better grades and are more satisfied with their lives. The effects are exceptionally stable over time, statistically highly significant and of considerable magnitude. This demonstrates that resilience is associated with better outcomes in university students under control of a large number of potential confounding factors and influences.
Guidelines for Industrial Symbiosis—a Systematic Approach for Content Definition and Practical Recommendations for Implementation
Authors: Azevedo João , Henriques Juan , Estrela Marco , Dias Rui , Vladimirova Doroteya , Miller Karen , Iten Muriel 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe increase of industrial symbiosis (IS) activities around the world has strongly contributed to promote awareness among companies on the benefits of this business model and, consequently, their interest to apply/incorporate dedicated IS actions in their activities. In most cases, companies assume self-learning and ongoing approaches for the adaption of synergies, ignoring some fundamental aspects as the full spectrum of considerations regarding these processes. Unexpected barriers frequently appear during the implementation process and become hardly overcome due to incomplete systematic approaches and the lack of information. In this context, it is important to promote effective and sequential guidance procedures regarding IS implementation processes to support companies in their transition to full IS processes implementation. This paper aims to advance the synergy implementation emerging process, through the identification, promotion, and definition of the core steps to be considered in an IS implementation process. This study is based on a comprehensive perspective for the definition of contents to be considered in a step-by-step guideline that includes the different theoretical, technical, and strategic approaches for large-scale IS promotion. The main outputs of this paper are a final set of independent and sequential information clusters, their associated contents identification process, and a comprehensive description of the systematic approach used to support companies in the implementation of their pre-identified stages. The guideline methodology proposed in this study is an important support tool for companies, practitioners, and agents intending to initiate IS synergies implementation and also a strong contribution to the development of complementary guidance activities regarding IS implementation process.
Environmental effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV radiation, and interactions with climate change: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, Update 2020
Authors: Neale R. E. , Barnes P. W. , Robson T. M. , Neale P. J. , Williamson C. E. , Zepp R. G. , Wilson S. R. , Madronich S. , Andrady A. L. , Heikkilä A. M. , Bernhard G. H. , Bais A. F. , Aucamp P. J. , Banaszak A. T. , Bornman J. F. , Bruckman L. S. , Byrne S. N. , Foereid B. , Häder D.-P. , Hollestein L. M. , Hou W.-C. , Hylander S. , Jansen M. A. K. , Klekociuk A. R. , Liley J. B. , Longstreth J. , Lucas R. M. , Martinez-Abaigar J. , McNeill K. , Olsen C. M. , Pandey K. K. , Rhodes L. E. , Robinson S. A. , Rose K. C. , Schikowski T. , Solomon K. R. , Sulzberger B. , Ukpebor J. E. , Wang Q.-W. , Wängberg S.-Å. , White C. C. , Yazar S. , Young A. R. , Young P. J. , Zhu L. , Zhu M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis assessment by the Environmental Effects Assessment Panel (EEAP) of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) provides the latest scientific update since our most recent comprehensive assessment (Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences, 2019, 18, 595–828). The interactive effects between the stratospheric ozone layer, solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and climate change are presented within the framework of the Montreal Protocol and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. We address how these global environmental changes affect the atmosphere and air quality; human health; terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems; biogeochemical cycles; and materials used in outdoor construction, solar energy technologies, and fabrics. In many cases, there is a growing influence from changes in seasonality and extreme events due to climate change. Additionally, we assess the transmission and environmental effects of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, in the context of linkages with solar UV radiation and the Montreal Protocol.