bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing resilience in a post-industrial city through the urban regeneration of the downtown district. A case study of part of downtown Lodz called Nowa Dzielnica
Authors: Tomczak Anna Aneta , Krzysztofik Sylwia 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Lodz is a post-industrial city in central Poland, the third largest in terms of population and with the largest area of downtown districts in the country. The regeneration of historical districts is one of the main challenges of the local urban policy here, as in many other post-industrial cities. Urban regeneration is understood as cohesive changes implemented in terms of social, economic and spatial conditions on degraded areas, according to mechanisms introduced by the Urban Renewal Act. Another consideration is climate change, which requires an in-depth approach to design objectives so that they include certain solutions increasing the city’s resilience to climatic events. In accordance with the European Union’s policy, in 2013, the Polish Council of Ministers adopted the Strategic Adaptation Plan for sectors and areas sensitive to climate changes until 2020, looking forward to 2030. The implementation of this plan was entrusted to the Ministry of the Environment, in partnership with 44 cities with a population of over 100,000 residents, including Lodz. The city’s adaptation plan to climate changes until 2030 indicates that the most vulnerable areas of the city are those of high-intensity residential development. These areas are particularly vulnerable to the phenomena of urban heat islands, urban flooding, storms, and smog. The article shows the planning assumptions for the part of the centre called Nowa Dzielnica (New District). It is an interesting example of implementing local spatial policy at district scale, but also on a much larger scale than usually adopted in local plans. The Nowa Dzielnica downtown section was described in a sequence of four local land use plans. This constitutes an example of spatial management at local government level, which may define the direction of changes for downtown districts in other post-industrial cities. It serves as a good example of implementing changes for centres where both urban regeneration and resilience urban planning constitute important elements of urban policy.
Use of Wood Waste as Aggregate in Mortars: An Experimental Study
Authors: Baltazar Luis G. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The construction sector is one of the largest and most active in the world economy, being responsible for consumption of huge amounts of natural resources. Natural sand and gravel are the most important resources in construction, they are mainly used as aggregates, and its extraction often causes environmental damages. Bearing these considerations in mind, the wood waste has been used as partial replacement of natural sand in concrete and mortars to reduce the environmental burden of natural sand extraction. The aim of this paper is to characterize the physical and mechanical properties of natural hydraulic lime-based mortars proportioned with different percentages of wood wastes (0% to 30%) as replacement of natural sand. Thus, several specimens of mortar proportioned with wood wastes have been subjected to different experimental procedures, such as: workability, mechanical strength, water absorption and thermal conductivity. Results obtained showed that the incorporation of wood waste causes a reduction of mechanical resistance mostly due to the increase in open porosity, but on the other hand the thermal conductivity presents an improvement up to 83%. The results obtained are quite acceptable and encouraging for the follow-up studies using wood wastes as fine aggregate in mortars and, simultaneously, to improve the energy efficiency of buildings since this waste material contributes to obtain mortars with improved thermal performance.
Analysis of functional program of the building designed for pupils on the autism spectrum disorder, case study of Acland Burghley Resources Centre, London
Authors: Mentel Klaudyna , Bujniewicz Zbyszko 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The article is a case study for Acland Burghley Resources Centre designed by Christopher Beaver and GA Architects for up to 20 pupils on the autism spectrum disorder. This is the inclusive regular school for 1265 students in London, built in 2011. The small part of the building was designed according to the theory developed by Beaver for students on ASD. The school was classified in third place according to Autism ASPECTSS Scores (Mostafa, 2015, p. 67) developed by Magda Mostafa, professor at the American University of Cairo. The case study is based on the diagrams presented in the article which were prepared on the basis of project documentation and photos of the building provided by the architectural office. These materials were prepared to survey opinions of autism therapists on the impact of individual building elements on people on ASD. Pupils on the autism spectrum have problems with the perception of many stimuli such as light, acoustic, aromatic, and tactile stimuli. It is important that autistic students who cannot cope with the mainstream school have an independent part of the building with the outdoor decking, social area, learning spaces, 1 to 1 activity rooms, seating spots, and escape personal spaces. The architect designed a calm space in which students feel sensory comfort and can improve their cognitive abilities. These were achieved with indirect light, neutral colours, matte textures, and curved walls. The interdisciplinary research proves that the functional and spatial solutions which are provided in Burghley Resources Centre are appropriate for the therapeutic purpose and support the therapy.
Stochastic-Based Reliability Analysis of Stainless-Steel Beams Under Bending
Authors: Puklický Libor 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The presented article studies the bending resistance of a stainless steel hot-rolled profile UPE 80, which is stressed by bending around the minor principal axis. Resistance is studied as the random output variable, which is a function of input material and geometric characteristics. The paper deals with the stochastic analysis of this static resistance. The computational model is created on the basis of the finite element method using geometric and materially nonlinear solution. The Ansys software with 4-node Shell 181 element is used. The input random variables of the stainless steel are taken from previous research aimed at identifying the material mechanical properties based on experimental research of austenitic chromium-nickel stainless steel 1.4307/AISI 304 L. Statistical analysis is performed using the Latin Hypercube Sampling method. The probability of achieving standard design resistance is estimated and compared with the reliability level in standard EN1990 given by the reliability factor beta 3.8. The article discusses the need for a larger number of samples for reliable estimates of design resistances and for the verification of partial reliability factors, which are a challenge for further research.
Water Conservation in Nepal
Authors: McDonald Shannon Sanders , Sharma Monica 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Since the last decade, Kathmandu has been immensely crowded by many populations migrating from different places. One of the significant issues in Kathmandu valley today is water management. Nepal is considered the second most prosperous country for water in the world. Despite this, 8.4% of the population of Nepal (2015) do not have access to safe drinking water. Nepal has a high annual rainfall of 1200 millimeters but still faces substantial challenges in ensuring water security. The primary purpose of the new design for the Sport and Recreation Centre project is to conserve the water by reuse, recycling, and systematic utilization of water to create a sustainable water-efficient building and site. The research literature indicates the feasible way to fulfil water needs is by using rainwater harvesting systems in the center. Nepal historically has had rajkulos, canals, human-made ponds and sunken water conduits which are among the oldest techniques of maintaining the water supply. In the Sport and Recreation Centre, historic design techniques have been combined with rain gardens, ponds for groundwater recharge, pervious pavements, and grate inlets to manage the stormwater on the site. Also, treating the greywater through the Reed Bed Treatment System can help and conserve water for the site and project. In the landscape design, specific native plants will be used that conserve water. The buildings will have low flush and composting toilets, sensor taps, rainwater collections, and use. Overall, with the conservation of water on the site and creating a water-saving building design, this can be one of the most effective ways to promote other public buildings to do the same. The people can have adequate residential drinking water. This can help to reduce the scarcity of water in society and teach us to use rainwater and greywater more efficiently in all future new projects.
A Method of Monitoring the Cross-Section Deformation of Tunnels Using the Strain Data from the Fully Distributed Optical Fibre Sensors
Authors: Ma Guohao , Zhang Shaoyi , Li Hu , Li Panshan , Liu Yang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Fully distributed optical fiber sensing technology allows the high-density strain to measure the overall curvature and cross-section deformation of tunnels. However, there are few studies on the use of longitudinal strain along the tunnel to measure the cross-section convergence deformation, and the method of obtaining the strain along the tunnel loop is costly. To address this issue, a method of monitoring the cross-section deformation of tunnels using the strain data is proposed. First, a model of the relationship between strain and deformation in tunnels is constructed to obtain the overall settlement using the longitudinal strain. Second, based on the finite element method (FEM), the deformation law about the strain measured points and non-measured points on the cross-section of the tunnel is proposed, and on this basis, the correlation coefficient is presented. Using the product of overall settlement and correlation coefficient, the cross-section deformation at non-measured points is obtained. The results of numerical examples shown that the proposed method can effectively expand the monitoring scale and realize high-density cross-section deformation measurement of tunnels.
Adaptation and Revitalization of Industrial Facilities Interiors on an Example of a Building of ‘The Old Power Plant Białystok’
Authors: Kaczmarczyk Martyna , Palus Kinga 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The topic discussed in the article concerns adaptation of the interior of the Old Power Plant Bialystok building to a museum space related to transport. The justification for taking up the topic is paying attention to the unique aesthetic values of post-production elements of interior infrastructure with a view to giving them a new architectural spirit. The idea behind this issue concerns the possibility of constructing a coherent composition, showing contrasting aspects: historical and modern, relating to both museum facilities and exhibits on display. The aim is therefore to show the creation of a new public space that is an interesting alternative to classic museums. Numerous functional and spatial changes, created during many years of exploitation, lead to a kind of chaos inside buildings, which was observed on the example of the interior in question. In the era of globalization, industrial development and as a result of urban processes, the buildings that used to be centers of economic development, today have been absorbed and surrounded by urban fabric. Deserted and devoid of its original function, they deteriorate, giving the image of breaking the emotional ties with the achievements, which were a priority for our ancestors. Attention should be paid to losing the authenticity of building interiors and extracting the essence of industrial beauty, which should be emphasized in accordance with the implementation concept. Cultural heritage has not only a material but also a sentimental dimension. Creative activities within the historic structure should be carried out with full respect for the existing structure, taking into account the overriding issue, that each interference affects the original form in the existing spatial arrangement.
Drystone walls in the Algarve, Portugal. Characterization and interconnection with the geology and lithology
Authors: Feroldi Ada , Silva Elisa da , Gonçalves Marta Marçal 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Drystone walls can be frequently observed along the Algarve, south region of Portugal, performing both support and property division. This region is also known by its geological diversity and, consequently, lithology, which are intimately related to the orography. The combination of all these factors allowed the proliferation of this traditional drystone walls during the last centuries, and they represent not only an important element of the landscape, but also a perspective of the social, economic and technical bases of Algarve’s heritage. This article intends to present this diversity and the relationship between its various facets. In order to achieve the objectives, several field surveys were carried out to different geological zones, with the intention of gathering information related to the natural material used and its construction technique, as well as interaction with local inhabitants. These visits were supported by bibliographic and “Web-graphic” research, to substantiate the hypotheses. Based on the data results it is possible to identify a close interconnection between the geology and wall structure typology, since they are made with the natural rock fragments (raw material) found nearby. However, its function is more related to the orogeny and lithology, the latter defining also the type of agricultural culture. The study is enriched by the enormous diversity of rock types, although the Algarve is a relatively small region. The main limitations found during the development of the study are related to the physical access to the walls and the interviews with the locals. These constrictions were due to the lack of land maintenance, allowing vegetation to growth naturally, invading and covering the walls, and also due to the pandemic situation brought by the COVID-19 virus, which interdict the interaction between persons and also the travels. Despite the restrictions mentioned, the fieldtrips gave enough data to support the correlation between the geology, lithology and the raw material used on the drystone walls, as well as their relation to the terraces that proliferate in specific areas of Algarve. In view of the scarcity of bibliographic elements associated with this subject, in the studied territory, the elaboration of documents that allow the identification, characterization, geo-location and dissemination of the object of study, is considered as an asset for this theme. Finally, the study aims to alert and counter the tendency to abandon this type of heritage, valuing it and making it known.
Analysis of construction sub-processes for the evaluation of the real performance of tower cranes
Authors: Doubek Rostislav , Hořínková Dita , Štěrba Martin , Kantová Radka 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The productivity of work performed at construction sites is primarily dependent on the effective deployment and use of construction machinery. Nevertheless, manufacturers do not state the actual performance of their machinery because it is difficult to determine due to its dependence on the specific conditions present at each construction site. One of the most important machines used in the construction of buildings is the tower crane, which provides secondary transport of material onsite. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of such machines using a deterministic or stochastic approach, a relatively extensive and exact set of data describing the activities of a given tower crane needs to be prepared. These data describe the real requirements of ongoing construction sub-processes with regard to the utilisation of tower cranes. This contribution concerns the analysis of key construction sub-processes during the building of monolithic reinforced concrete structures in connection with secondary transport at the construction site; in particular, it describes the preparation and processing of this data for the evaluation of real time requirements placed on tower cranes.
A Design Approach as a Possible Organization of Public Spaces in Emergency Areas
Authors: Cattani Letizia , Moscatelli Monica 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The paper tries to identify, through strategic design axes, some areas in emergency contexts to locate collective spaces serving the local population, such as schools, community centres and spaces for aggregation. These public places have the purpose of regenerating the surrounding context by improving the quality of life and above all by strengthening the identity of the place through social and cultural spaces that the community identifies as landmarks of the settlement fabric. Through the analysis of some case studies in East Africa, the research tries to highlight some infrastructural axes which to locate permanent public services by reducing the distances between inhabited areas and primary services. The aim is to link the scattered and fragmented settlements in the territory without identity, with an axis of public services that could accommodate more functions and at the same time increase their size according to the needs of the local community. A design approach allows these areas to be developed strategically with a new configuration of services along certain infrastructural axes. A well-managed and effective regeneration of these areas in emergency contexts is essential to strengthening the identity of the place. The comparison of the selected case studies could represent an opportunity to rethink the planning of services in emergency areas to provide guidelines for practitioners involved in these particular contexts. And once again the paper wants to demonstrate how an architectural approach can solve a possible organization of spaces within fragmented contexts.
Landslide mudflow behaviour: physical and numerical modelling
Authors: Cano Fredy Alexander Muñoz , Montoya César Augusto Hidalgo , Gutiérrez Johnny Alexander Vega , Obando Melissa Parra 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Landslides constitute one of the natural phenomena that cause the most economic losses and deaths worldwide. After failure occurs, landslides can trigger mudflows. Understanding how mud is transported is very important in infrastructure projects that coincide with hillside areas due to the high risk of this phenomena occurring due to the high slopes, which can imply great risks and produce disasters, generating considerable costs. In this work, the evaluation of a mudflow is presented, from the execution of a scale experiment in the laboratory and its validation from numerical models, considering the material behaviour as a Newtonian fluid and as a non-Newtonian fluid. The physical model was developed using a 3m x 0.5m x 0.7m rectangular channel with dimensions, with slope control. A mud mixture composed of a silty material with 60% of moisture was tested producing a mudflow. Experimental tests were carried out with slopes of 5% and 10%. The numerical models were implemented in ANSYS FLUENT software. At first stage, the numerical model was calibrated with the results of the physical model with a slope of 5% and it was validated with the results of the model for the slope of 10%. Results of the numerical models were compared with the experimental results, and they have shown that these have a great capacity to reproduce what is observed experimentally. In addition, when the material was considerate as a Newtonian fluid, a similar behaviour was found respect to a mudflow as a non-Newtonian fluid, not finding considerable differences in the final deposition length of the flow. The simulation of mudflow, especially multiphase, using CFD is usually a complex process since the boundary conditions and physical and rheological properties of the soil must be correctly defined, considering the contribution of the solid fraction in the behaviour of the numerical model. Nevertheless, despite all the simplifications that a modelling of this type entails, the results are promising to improve the understanding of the phenomenon studied, and its application in risk assessment methodologies for mass movements and their derived effects.
Redevelopment of Huai Khwang Housing Project Responsive to Users’ Spatial Behaviors
Authors: Raksawin Karuna , Suthasupa Supagtra , Komkris Tatpong 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Huai Khwang Housing is a public residential project, developed since 1972 in a fringe area of Bangkok at that time. The city has been gradually expanding, so now Huai Khwang Housing turns to be in the center of the city. There is a subway station 400 meters away from the site; therefore, the land value and potentials of this housing project has been increased. However, the physical conditions of the buildings are rather rundown since they have been utilizing for more than 50 years. The National Housing Authority of Thailand, the owner of this residence, has a plan to redevelop this housing project. The preliminary public hearing was set to inform the community about the future changes and intend to receive the opinions from the residents, who are elderlies residing in this community since it was built. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the spatial behavior of elderly residents in this housing. The methods used include interviews and observations. The results show that the housing units are used in multi-functions and the spatial requirements include storage areas, a smell-locked and partitioning cooking area, a ventilating and sun-drying area for laundry, and spaces for air-conditioning units as well as satellite discs and washing machines. It is suggested that the redevelopment housing scheme should meet these requirements.