bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Gold Coast criteria increases the diagnostic sensitivity for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in a Chinese population
Authors: Shen Dongchao , Yang Xunzhe , Wang Yanying , He Di , Sun Xiaohan , Cai Zhengyi , Li Jinyue , Liu Mingsheng , Cui Liying 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Objectives
The aim of this study was to assess and compare the diagnostic utility of a new diagnostic criteria for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), abbreviated as the ‘Gold Coast Criteria’, with the revised El Escorial (rEEC) and Awaji criteria.

Methods
Clinical and electrophysiological data of 1185 patients from January 2014 to December 2019 in the Peking Union Medical College Hospital ALS database were reviewed. The sensitivity of the Gold Coast criteria was compared to that of the possible rEEC and Awaji criteria (defined by the proportion of patients categorized as definite, probable, or possible ALS).

Results
A final diagnosis of ALS was recorded in 1162 patients. The sensitivity of the Gold Coast criteria (96.6%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 95.3%–97.5%) was greater than that of the rEEC (85.1%, 95%CI = 82.9%–87.1%) and Awaji (85.3%, 95%CI = 83.2%–87.3%). In addition, the sensitivity of the novel criteria maintained robust across subgroups, and the advantage was more prominent in limb-onset ALS patients and those who completed electromyographic tests. In those who did not achieve any of the rEEC diagnostic categories, the sensitivity of Gold Coast criteria was 84.4%.

Conclusions
The current study demonstrated that the Gold Coast criteria exhibited greater diagnostic sensitivity than the rEEC and Awaji criteria in a Chinese ALS population. The application of the Gold Coast criteria should be considered in clinical practice and future therapeutic trials.
Role of the Global Fund in national HIV/AIDS response in Myanmar: a qualitative study
Authors: Htun Zarni , Zhao Yingxi , Gilbert Hannah , Lu Chunling 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
The Global Fund has been a major funding source for HIV/AIDS programs in Myanmar. In this qualitative study, we aim to understand the impact of Global Fund on national HIV/AIDS response in Myanmar during the era of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).

Methods
We conducted individual in-depth interviews by recruiting key informants through purposive snowball sampling. The respondents were engaged in the national/subnational response to HIV/AIDS in Myanmar and worked for the United Nations agencies, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and civil society. Interview questions were organized around the role of Global Fund in strengthening national response to HIV/AIDS in the six building blocks of the Myanmar’s health system. Transcripts from the key informants were synthesized into specific themes through a deductive approach.

Results
We found that the Global Fund has provided substantial support to (1) finance the national HIV/AIDS response in Myanmar, and (2) strengthen leadership and governance at the central level through improving coordination and collaboration, including more stakeholders (e.g. civil society, NGOs) in decision making process, and catalyzing policy changes on scaling-up key interventions. Yet, its role remains limited in addressing new demands at the township level in terms of capacity building, staffing, and medical supply resulting from rapid scale-up of HIV interventions and decentralization of service delivery in the public sector.

Conclusion
There was a missed opportunity for Myanmar to capitalize on the use of the Global Fund’s funding to strengthen the health system. Deliberate planning is required to optimize the use of those scarce resources to provide universal coverage for HIV/AIDS.
Simplified intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted MRI of liver lesions: feasibility of combined two-colour index maps
Authors: Mürtz Petra , Mesropyan Narine , Sprinkart Alois M. , Block Wolfgang , Luetkens Julian A. , Attenberger Ulrike , Pieper Claus C. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
To evaluate the feasibility of two-colour index maps containing combined diffusion and perfusion information from simplified intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) for liver lesion malignancy assessment.

Methods
Diffusion-weighted data from a respiratory-gated 1.5-T magnetic resonance sequence were analysed in 109 patients with liver lesions. With three b values (0, 50, 800 s/mm2) estimated diffusion coefficient D′, perfusion fraction f′, and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps were calculated and analysed for regions of interest (ROIs). D′ and f′ cutoff values were determined by differentiating haemangiomas from other lesions and focal nodular hyperplasias from other lesions, respectively. Combined IDf index maps were generated with a voxel value set to 100, if both D′ and f′ voxel values were lower than their cutoff values (1,529.4 × 10-6 mm2/s and 114.4 × 10-3, respectively), otherwise to 0. Moreover, IADC index maps were generated from ADC cutoff value (1,338.5 × 10-6 mm2/s) obtained by differentiating benign from malignant lesions. Discriminatory power was assessed for both IDf and IADC. Index maps were displayed as two-colour overlays to b-800 images and visually assessed within the translucent hyperintense areas.

Results
For IDf, the same diagnostic accuracy was achieved as for the combined use of parameters D′ and f′ (93.6%). Compared to IADC, IDf showed a higher diagnostic accuracy. Visual judgment of IDf yielded an accuracy (95.4%) similar to that of quantitative analysis (93.6%).

Conclusion
Voxel-wise combined two-colour index maps IDf provide similar diagnostic accuracy as ROI-based combination of estimated IVIM parameters D′ and f′ and are suitable for visual assessment of liver lesion malignancy.
Fathers' Involvement in the Family, Fertility, and Maternal Employment: Evidence From Central and Eastern Europe
Authors: Fanelli Ester , Profeta Paola 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
For a sample of Central and Eastern European countries, characterized by historically high female labor force participation and currently low fertility rates, we analyze whether fathers' increased involvement in the family (housework and childcare) has the potential of increasing both fertility and maternal employment. Using two waves of the Generations and Gender Survey, we show that more paternal involvement in the family increases the likelihood that the mother will have a second child and work full-time. Men's fertility and work decisions are instead unrelated to mothers' housework and childcare. We also show that fathers' involvement in housework plays a more important role than involvement in childcare. The role of fathers' involvement in housework is confirmed when we consider women who initially wanted or intended to have a child, whose partner also wanted a child, or who intended to continue working.
Phosphorylation of the AMPA receptor subunit GluA1 regulates clathrin-mediated receptor internalization
Authors: Sathler Matheus F. , Khatri Latika , Roberts Jessica P. , Schmidt Isabella G. , Zaytseva Anastasiya , Kubrusly Regina C. C. , Ziff Edward B. , Kim Seonil 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
Synaptic strength is altered during synaptic plasticity by controlling the number of AMPA receptors (AMPARs) at excitatory synapses. During long-term potentiation and synaptic upscaling, AMPARs are accumulated at synapses to increase synaptic strength. Neuronal activity leads to phosphorylation of AMPAR subunit GluA1 (also known as GRIA1) and subsequent elevation of GluA1 surface expression, either by an increase in receptor forward trafficking to the synaptic membrane or a decrease in receptor internalization. However, the molecular pathways underlying GluA1 phosphorylation-induced elevation of surface AMPAR expression are not completely understood. Here, we employ fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) to reveal that phosphorylation of GluA1 serine 845 (S845) predominantly plays a role in receptor internalization, rather than forward trafficking, during synaptic plasticity. Notably, internalization of AMPARs depends upon the clathrin adaptor AP2, which recruits cargo proteins into endocytic clathrin-coated pits. In fact, we further reveal that an increase in GluA1 S845 phosphorylation upon two distinct forms of synaptic plasticity diminishes the binding of the AP2 adaptor, reducing internalization and resulting in elevation of GluA1 surface expression. We thus demonstrate a mechanism of GluA1 phosphorylation-regulated clathrin-mediated internalization of AMPARs.
The Correlation between Enjoying Fictional Narratives and Empathy in Japanese Hikikomori
Authors: Panto Francesco , Saito Tamaki , Morita Nobuaki , Ogai Yasukazu 
Published: August 2021

Background: Hikikomori is a Japanese social withdrawal phenomenon which, in recent years, is spreading in western developed countries as well. Spending a lot of time secluded indoors, watching and playing with fictional narratives may be relatively common for Hikikomori people and may represent a protective factor for their psychological well-being. Method: We evaluated the role of enjoying fictional narratives on empathy, relaxation, depression, and anxiety in people with Hikikomori experience, in relation to their daily consumption of fictional narratives and their emotional transportation toward fictional narratives. Hikikomori from one psychiatric clinic and three different support facilities were enrolled in this study. Multidimensional empathy scale, CES-D, STAI questionnaire, and relaxation inventory self-report scale were used as outcome measures. Results: We found a significant correlation between empathy and emotional transportation toward fictional narratives and between relaxation during watching and reading fictional narratives and consumption frequency of fictional narratives. We failed, however, to find any significant correlation with depression and anxiety. Conclusions: These findings suggest a possible correlation between fiction and empathy/relaxation response; however, any causal relationship is not proven, consequently we deem that further investigations with a larger sample size are required for a better understanding.
O CASO SIMULADO CTS NA FORMAÇÃO INICIAL DE PROFESSORES DE QUÍMICA: UM ESTUDO DO ROMPIMENTO DA BARRAGEM EM BRUMADINHO-MG
Authors: Cabral Wallace Alves 
Published: August 2021

Esse artigo objetiva investigar algumas dificuldades e desafios encontrados por licenciandos em Química ao vivenciarem a construção e execução de um caso simulado. Tendo como lentes a perspectiva Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade e a Análise de Discurso de Linha Francesa, foi discutido o rompimento da barragem de rejeitos de minério em Brumadinho - MG. A atividade foi organizada em três etapas: construção, execução e avaliação. A partir da personificação dos atores em cada grupo envolvido na problemática (Mineradora, Ambientalistas, ONG e Governo), os acadêmicos vivenciaram o caso simulado. A partir da transcrição da discussão ocorrida na etapa de avaliação, o corpusde análise foi construído. As análises mostraram que a vivência no caso simulado fomentou processos argumentativos, contribuindo para uma posição mais coerente ao levar em conta outros pontos de vista. Apesar da limitação do tempo de execução do caso simulado, essa atividade propiciou discussões para além da sala de aula.
The importance of person-centred care and how to achieve it
Authors: Stonehouse David 
Published: August 2021

This article discusses the important concept of person-centred care and how this can be achieved. Following an introduction defining what is meant by this term and contrasting it with the term patient-centred care, the relevant and pertinent parts of the Nursing and Midwifery Council code will then be identified and discussed. The four principles of person-centred care will then be presented. The role of the support worker and nursing associate will be made clear in how the wishes and needs of patients can be gained. Self-awareness, emotional intelligence and communication will be discussed in relation to this. Finally, two potential barriers to the successful achievement of person-centred care will be identified.
Experimental demonstration of remotely powered, controlled, and monitored optical switching based on laser-delivered signals
Authors: Fallahpour Ahmad , Minoofar Amir , Alishahi Fatemeh , Zou Kaiheng , Idres Samer , Hashemi Hossein , Habif Jonathan , Tur Moshe , Willner Alan E. 
Published: August 2021

We experimentally demonstrate remotely powered, controlled, and monitored optical switching. The control signal of the switch is modulated on an optical wave and sent from a transmitter. At the switch location, the control signal is converted from an optical to an electrical signal to drive the switch. In addition, to provide electrical power at the switch location, optical power is sent from a distance and converted to electrical power using a series of photodiodes. We experimentally demonstrate (a) 1 Gb/s on-off keying data channel transmission and switching with a 1 MHz optically delivered control signal, and (b) 40 Gb/s quadrature phase-shift keying data channel transmission and remotely monitoring switch state and bias drift. The switching function is demonstrated without using any local electrical power supply. Moreover, the monitoring tones are transmitted to the remote switch and fed back to the transmitter to realize a switch state and detect the bias drift.
Relationships between patterns of cannabis use, abuse and dependence and recent stimulant use: Evidence from two national surveys in Ireland
Authors: Millar Seán R. , Mongan Deirdre , O’Dwyer Claire , Smyth Bobby P. , Perry Ivan J. , Galvin Brian 
Published: August 2021

Background and objectives
Epidemiological studies show that the use of cannabis is related to the use of other illicit drugs, including stimulants such as cocaine and ecstasy. However, few studies have examined how patterns of cannabis use relate to the use of stimulants. In this research we determined relationships between patterns of cannabis use and recent stimulant use, drawing on data from two large nationally representative surveys. We also explored how frequency of cannabis use relates to stimulant use and whether subjects with a cannabis use disorder (CUD)–defined as cannabis abuse or dependence–are more likely to be recent users of cocaine or ecstasy.

Materials and methods
We analysed data from Ireland’s 2010/11 and 2014/15 National Drug Prevalence Surveys,which recruited 5,134 and 7,005 individuals respectively, aged 15 years and over, living in private households. We included only those people who reported some past cannabis use. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to examine associations between patterns of cannabis use and recent stimulant use.

Results
Among survey participants who had used cannabis in the last month, 17.9% reported recent cocaine use, while almost one-quarter (23.6%) reported recent ecstasy use. There was a significant linear relationship between patterns of cannabis use and recent use of cocaine, ecstasy or any stimulant, with last month cannabis users displaying greater odds (OR = 12.03, 95% CI: 8.15–17.78) of having recent stimulant use compared to last year (OR = 4.48, 95% CI: 2.91–6.91) and former (reference) cannabis users. Greater frequency of cannabis use in the last 30 days was also significantly related to the use of stimulants. In addition, results demonstrated an association between CUD and recent use of cocaine or ecstasy (OR = 2.28, 95% CI: 1.55–3.35).

Conclusions
Findings from this study suggest a relationship between patterns and frequency of cannabis use and recent use of stimulants and an association between CUD and stimulant use. As the use of cannabis with stimulants may increase the risk of negative health consequences, education in community and medical settings about polydrug use and its increased risks may be warranted.
Treatment pathways traversed by polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients: A mixed-method study
Authors: Kaur Ishwarpreet , Suri Vanita , Rana Satya Vati , Singh Amarjeet 
Published: August 2021

Background
This study was undertaken to explore the treatment-seeking pathways traversed by women with PCOS and elicit their behavior, experiences and perspectives regarding it.

Methods
This concurrent mixed-method study was conducted on 18–40 years old women diagnosed with PCOS at the Gynecology outpatient department, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India. Of the 275 women, who were administered a questionnaire to elicit their treatment-seeking behavior, 62 willing participants were subjected to in-depth interviews. Quantitative responses were descriptively analyzed and presented as count, proportion, mean or median. Framework analysis was performed for the qualitative data. The findings of both types of data were triangulated to construct the pathways to treatment traversed by PCOS patients.

Findings
Many (~45%) respondents had no information regarding PCOS. Only 9.1% received some information from their doctors. Though the internet was the primary source of information for 37.5% of respondents, they expressed dissatisfaction with the quality of information. Multiple health care agencies were consulted by most (85.8%) of the respondents. Allopathy was the preferred choice of treatment. The average delay in initiating the treatment was 3 months. The major reasons for this were ignorance, the concept of ‘normality’ and ‘endurance’. Deviations from the normal self (like irregular-menstruation, obesity, hirsutism, infertility) were the concern that led them to consult a doctor. They were also dissatisfied with the treatment due to a late diagnosis, lack of relief, taboo, side-effects, expenses involved and the need for repeated laboratory tests. Participants’ course of treatment was influenced by the interplay of individual, distress, health-system, and social-economic factors.

Conclusions
Women with PCOS were dissatisfied with the quality of the information and treatment received. There were treatment delays. The patients consulted multiple health agencies, including indigenous therapies, in the hope of relief. The findings provide an empirical basis on points to focus on for building better coping strategies for managing the condition.
Level of non-adherence and its associated factors among adults on first-line antiretroviral therapy in Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia
Authors: Aychiluhm Setognal Birara , Tadesse Abay Woday , Urmale Mare Kusse , Melaku Mequannent Sharew , Ibrahim Ibrahim Mohammed , Ahmed Osman , Ebrahim Oumer Abdulkadir , Wagris Mohammed , Menber Yonatan , Kassa Ayesheshim Muluneh 
Published: August 2021

Background
In Ethiopia, nearly one-third of people living with human immunodeficiency viruses do not adhere to antiretroviral therapy. Moreover, information regarding non-adherence and its associated factors among adults on first-line antiretroviral therapy in Northeast Ethiopia is limited. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the level of non-adherence and its associated factors among adults on first-line antiretroviral therapy in North Shewa Zone, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia.

Methods
A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 326 participants selected by systematic random sampling technique from the five randomly selected public health facilities. Data were collected using the questionnaire adapted from the studies conducted previously and the collected data were entered into Epi data version 3.1 and exported to Stata version 14 for further analysis. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was done and an adjusted odds ratio with its corresponding 95% confidence interval was used to declare a statistical significance.

Results
The overall prevalence of non-adherence was 17.4% [95% CI: (12.8%, 21.2%)]. Patients with no formal education [AOR (95% CI) = 5.57 (1.97, 15.88)], those who did not use memory aids to take their medications [AOR (95% CI) = 3.01 (1.27, 7.11)], travel more than 10 kilometers to visit the nearby antiretroviral therapy clinics [AOR (95% CI) = 2.42 (1.22, 25.86)], those who used substance [AOR (95% CI) = 3.57 (1.86, 28.69)], and patients whose medication time interfered with their daily routine activities [AOR (95% CI) = 15.46 (4.41, 54.28) had higher odds of having non-adherence to first-line antiretroviral therapy compared to their counter groups.

Conclusion
The level of non-adherence to first-line antiretroviral therapy was 17.4%, higher compared to WHO’s recommendation. Hence, patients counseling focused on avoiding substance use, use memory aids, and adjusting working time with medication schedule are very crucial. Furthermore, the ministry of health and the regional health bureau with other stakeholders should expand antiretroviral therapy service delivery at health facilities that are close to the community to address distance barriers.
The ability of continuous-wave Doppler ultrasound to detect fetal growth restriction
Authors: Feucht Ute , Mulol Helen , Vannevel Valerie , Pattinson Robert 
Published: August 2021

Background
Fetal growth restriction (FGR), defined as a fetus failing to reach its genetic growth potential, remains poorly diagnosed antenatally. This study aimed to assess the ability of continuous-wave Doppler ultrasound of the umbilical artery (CWD-UmA) to detect FGR in healthy women with low-risk pregnancies.

Methods and findings
This prospective longitudinal descriptive cohort study enrolled infants born to low-risk mothers who were screened with CWD-UmA between 28–34 weeks’ gestation; the resistance index (RI) was classified as normal or abnormal. Infants were assessed at 6, 10, 14 weeks, and 6 months postnatally for anthropometric indicators and body composition using the deuterium dilution method to assess fat-free mass (FFM). Neonates in the abnormal RI group were compared with those in the normal RI group, and neonates classified as small-for-gestational age (SGA) were compared with appropriate-for-gestational age (AGA) neonates.
Eighty-one term infants were included. Only 6 of 26 infants (23.1%) with an abnormal RI value would have been classified as SGA. The abnormal RI group had significantly reduced mean FFM and FFM-for-age Z-scores at 6, 10, 14 weeks, and 6 months compared with the normal RI group (P<0.015). The SGA group’s FFM did not show this consistent trend when compared to AGA FFM, being significantly different only at 6 months (P = 0.039).
The main limitation of the study was the small sample size of the infant follow-up.

Conclusions
Abnormal RI obtained from CWD-UmA is able to detect FGR and is considered a useful addition to classifying the neonate only by SGA or AGA at birth.