bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of a Rubber Sheet on the Dynamic Response of a Machine Foundation Located over a Small Thickness of Soil Layer
Authors: Khalaj Omid , Zakeri Reza , Tafreshi Seyed Naser Moghaddas , Mašek Bohuslav , Štadler Ctibor 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Placing a machine footing over a small thickness of soil layer, which is located over a bedrock, could encounter many challenges due to the bed’s notable stiffness in comparison to the soil. The advantages of using rubbers to protect facilities (structures, machine foundations, nearby footings and equipment, etc.) from vibration and control its consequences are well known nowadays. In this study, the benefits of employing a small thickness of rubber sheet (2 mm) on the dynamic response of a machine foundation which is located over four thicknesses of soil (210, 420, 630, and 840 mm) has been investigated. The soil layer is located over an artificial bedrock that is consisted of a thick concrete layer. The tests have been conducted in a vast test pit of size 2500×2500 mm and a depth of 840 mm by using a semi large-scale machine foundation model with a square concrete foundation of width 400×400×100 mm. It was observed that, by increasing the soil layer thickness, the resonant frequency and amplitude of the vibrating system decreases. Moreover, by employing a rubber sheet beneath the machine footing, the resonant frequency of the vibrating system significantly decreases especially for a small thickness of the soil layer. Although, using a rubber sheet could slightly increase the resonant amplitude, but the benefit of the resonant frequency-changing capability of the rubber sheet is too impressive by taking the resonant frequency of the system far enough from the unchangeable working frequency of the machine and preventing the resonant phenomenon to happen.
The Experimental Investigation of the Repeated-Loading Behaviour of the Sand-Rubber-Mixture (SRM)
Authors: Khalaj Omid , Zakeri Reza , Tafreshi Seyed Naser Moghaddas , Mašek Bohuslav , štadler Ctibor 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Nowadays the waste rubber problems are concerned due to the environmental issues, storage, and recycling difficulty. However, the rubber base equipment has been widely used to protect structures for vibrations - that has been generated by the structure or induced from the vicinity area or the bedrock into the structure - due to the notable capability of absorbing energy. In this study, the repeated-loading behaviour of the Sand Rubber Mixture (SRM) has been investigated and the remarkable energy absorption properties of the mixture have been illustrated. The test soil material that has been used in this study was a well-graded sand (SW) with a mean grain size of 2 mm. The test martial rubber that has been used was grain particles with a uniform size of 4.76 mm. The sand rubber mixture (SRM) was prepared by using 7.5% rubber inclusion because it was found as the optimum rubber content. A series of force control repeated-loading CBR tests have been arranged. The effect of mixing rubber particles with the well-graded sand (SW test material) has been investigated. This shows the remarkable energy absorption capability of Sand Rubber Mixture (SRM) to protect the bed of a machine’s footing that is generating repeated loads. The SRM usage could be extended to be employed as a part of an energy absorption unit and dampers facilities beneath a machine footing or structures that are sensitive to the vibration to prevent destructive deformation and resonance phenomenon.
Defining of the required parameters of the main fans on the ventilation shaft for the target model of the hard coal mine Y in connection with its decommissioning
Authors: Mocek Piotr 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The article presents the results of the analysis and calculations of the ventilation network of the decommissioned hard coal mine Y for the model of its target operation. After the end of hard coal mining and the liquidation of most of the mining excavations, the former Y hard coal mine will become an element of the drainage system and a protection for other, still active mining plants. In order for the Y excavation to be transformed into a mine water pumping station, its ventilation system should be rebuilt, and new parameters of the main fan should be determined for a smaller network of mining excavations. For this purpose, using the AERO-2016D program by POK “Zachód” Spółka z o.o., the parameters of the ventilation network were simulated in the target model of mine Y after the liquidation of the “Southern” shaft and mining excavations at levels 530m and 660m. The results of the simulation made it possible to select the optimal main fans for the target model of the transformed mine Y.
Experimental Investigation of Influences of Traffic Load on the Church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary in Stará Boleslav
Authors: Bayer Jan , Urushadze Shota , Pirner Miroš 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Long-term dynamic loads represent a serious factor which compromise the safety and durability of historical buildings. Though the daily traffic may cause only low level vibrations, which an undamaged structure could safely resist, extreme values of traffic loads over longer periods can be critical having as a consequence the initiation of cracks or the growth of existing ones, such that they may endanger the structure. Good maintenance including control measurements or monitoring can aid in early damage detection and timely planning of remedial actions. The preceding statements are supported by an investigation of the effects of ambient vibrations mainly due to traffic loads on the Basilica of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary in Stará Boleslav. Attention is aimed at a structural fault, its rehabilitation and prognosis for the future.
Removal of Specific Pharmaceuticals from Water using Activated Carbon
Authors: Ilavský Ján , Barloková Danka , Marton Michal 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Many types of pharmaceutical substances have been detected with significant concentrations through various advanced instrumental techniques in surface water, ground water, partially treated water (with concentration typically less than 0,1 ug/L), drinking water (concentration bellow 0,05 ug/L) domestic wastewater, municipal wastewater and industrial effluents (concentration approximately 1 ug/L). Pharmaceutical compounds are found at much lower concentrations in drinking water sources then the normally prescribed doses, but there is concern that chronic exposure to numerous compounds could cause serious health problems and that compounds can act synergistically to cause adverse health effects. The effectiveness of removal the specific pharmaceuticals (paracetamol, carbamazepine, metronidazole and caffeine) from drinking water with adsorption using two types of granular activated carbon (Filtrasorb 400 and WG12) was monitored. Paracetamol is a medication used to treat fever and mild to moderate pain. Paracetamol significantly relieves pain in acute migraine and headache. Carbamazepine is an anticonvulsant medication used primarily in the treatment of epilepsy and neuropathic pain. It is used in schizophrenia along with other medications and as a second-line agent in bipolar disorder. Metronidazole is an antibiotic and antiprotozoal medication. It is used either alone or with other antibiotics to treat inflammatory disease. Caffeine is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant of the methylxanthine class. It is the world’s most widely consumed psychoactive drug. The concentrations of caffeine in surface waters were detected in the range 0.1 - 6.9 μg/L. The experiments were performed in laboratory conditions with varying values of pH (7,8 or 6,5), stable temperature, and dose of adsorbent. The experiments were performed in the glass bottles with the volume of 400 mL stock model water (drinking water spiked with pharmaceutical standard) with concentration approximately 0.05 μg/L. On the analytical scales weighed out 400 mg GAC was used and then it was added to the bottles. Subsequently these bottles were regularly stirred at 400 rpm. Samples were taken at 30, 60, 120 and 240 minutes, after which they were analyzed. Analyses of target pharmaceutical were performed in laboratories of ALS Czech Republic in Prague. LC-MS methodology (method was validated according to ISO 17025 system) was used to determine pharmaceuticals in water samples. The adsorption efficiency of pharmaceutical removal and the adsorption capacity of granular activated carbon depends on the time of contact of water with the material. Adsorption efficiency for two types of granular activated carbon varies from 13 to more than 90%.
Actual Satellite Imagery Sources
Authors: Izvoltova Jana , Kriauciunaite-Neklejonoviene Vilma , Sasik Robert 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The huge benefit of the Internet is that it not only connects people from all over the world but also provides information that would otherwise be unavailable. Anyone who needs access to the latest satellite imagery can take it via many platforms provided remote sensing data, either for free from the websites belonging to national research and space centers or for a fee charged by commercial companies. The article offers an overview of the most used services, whose data are available and suitable for processing using EarthExplorer – a platform of the U.S. Geological Survey agency.
Quality of the Surface Water in the Ratka Small Water Reservoir
Authors: Sabová Zuzana 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The aim of the contribution is to evaluate the state of the quality of the surface water in the Ratka small water reservoir and its surroundings. The Ratka small water reservoir is included in fishing grounds; it is therefore necessary to know the quality of the surface water. The work is focused on an evaluation of the surface water quality indicators, i.e., the water temperature, pH reaction, content of the nitrate nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, and the ammonia nitrogen, the chemical oxygen demands, and the total organic carbon. The analysis was divided into field measurements and laboratory measurements. Three sampling points were identified, from which samples were regularly taken. For water temperature and pH reaction, the field measurements were performed every month during 2019 and for other selected indicators of water quality, the field measurements were performed during April – September 2019. The laboratory analyses were realized in 2019 (summer, winter) and were focused only on samples from the Ratka small water reservoir. To evaluate the results, they were compared with the recommended values found in the valid Regulation of the Government of the Slovak Republic No. 269/2010 Coll. After evaluating the results of the study, increased values indicators of quality of the surface water were found water temperature, pH reaction, N — NO2
, chemical oxygen demands and total organic carbon. Phosphate contents are also present in the water. The results showed that the Ratka small water reservoir, due to the increased values of the mentioned indicators of the quality of the surface water, does not meet the set conditions of the Government of the Slovak Republic. The significance of this study can be seen not only in the importance of water quality assessment from the practical point of view, but also in the need to perform these analyses, especially in areas where no water quality assessments have been performed so far, an example of which is the Ratka small water reservoir assessed in this study.
Characteristics and Seasonal Variations of Atmospheric Deposition of Selected Elements in the Urban and Industrial Environment of Košice (Slovakia)
Authors: Hančul’ák Jozef , Šestinová Ol’ga , Findoráková Lenka 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the impact of local emission sources on the environmental load through a detailed analysis of the atmospheric deposition (AD). The main sources of pollution are neighbouring iron and steelworks and typical urban sources, such as the heating plant, transport, construction, etc. Total atmospheric deposition, i.e. both wet and dry ones, were sampled from eleven sampling sites that have been placed on the roofs above the height of the surrounding buildings at a distance of 1 to 16 kilometers from the main source of pollution in the urban, suburban and rural areas. The atmospheric deposition fluxes of selected elements (Fe, Al, Mn, Zn, Pb, Cu, Cr, Cd, As) were determined separately for “water-soluble” and “insoluble phase” (particulate matter - PM) as well as in terms of the heating season for summer and winter half-year. The results from 2009–2020 are introduced. The average Fe deposition at urban stations in Košice was 2-3 times higher, compared with other urban areas. The very high values of iron deposition (9,181) and manganese (348 mg.m-2.yr-1) were measured mainly at sites near the ironworks. The highest values of correlation coefficients were calculated by Pearson correlation analysis for the elements Fe, Mn and Cr but also for Al and PM. Higher values of correlation coefficients were calculated for the winter period. The monitored elements are bound to the insoluble component AD in the order of Fe, Al, Cr, Pb, Mn and As. Cadmium and zinc are preferably bound to the soluble phase for sites north of the ironworks. Significant differences for fluxes of AD of the most observed parameters were found between the summer and winter periods. In winter, higher values of AD were found for the elements Fe, Pb, Mn, Cr, and Cd. In the case of zinc and arsenic higher values were recorded in the summer period. The share of emission sources of iron and steelworks on the fluxes of iron at the urban sites in winter was more than doubled compared to the summer period. The smallest seasonal differences for all observed components were found at localities near the ironworks. Detailed analysis of AD showed that in addition to Fe, Mn, and Cr, the ironworks complex is also a source of dust particles, aluminum and other observed elements in descending order of lead, zinc, copper, arsenic and cadmium.
Disaster Flood Scenario: Case Study of the Uh River at Lekárovce (Slovakia)
Authors: Pekárová Pavla , Pekár Ján , Halmová Dana , Miklánek Pavol , Mitková Veronika Bačová 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The occurrence of extreme floods in several river basins of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe over the last thirty years has drawn the attention of the public (as well as the competent authorities) to the problems of flood protection. Although the development and operational use of non-structural measures (such as flood forecasting and warning systems), represents one of the effective flood protection measures, the structural means (flood protection, levees, flood control reservoirs) are of great importance, too. Especially in the upper parts of the river basin, where the time between the detection of the causes of the flood (heavy rainfall) and its consequence (flood) is short and does not affect the effective protective activity (e.g. evacuation). Over the last 30 years, flood protections have been built along the Uh River (Slovakia, Ukraine) to protect the environment from floods. These dams adversely affected the storage capacity of water in the basin. This resulted in flood flows increase on the lower sections of the Uh River in Slovakia. These facts need to be demonstrated by the need to evaluate the proposed design values for those sections. The study presents an analysis of the long-term flood regime of the river Uh in the section Uzhhorod (Ukraine) - Lekárovce (Slovakia). The first part analyses the trend changes in the time series of maximum annual discharge Qmax in the stations Lekárovce and Uzhhorod on the basis of the observed Qmax data in these profiles (period 1931-2019). These Qmax series were subsequently used to estimate the maximum T-year discharge at the Lekárovce station for the changed conditions of the Uzhhorod - Lekárovce section. Using these derived data and the observed form of the summer flood hydrograph from July 1980, a 100-year flood scenario was developed for the Uh River in Lekárovce. The achieved results indicate a further increase in flood risk in Lekárovce.
Earthquake Magnitude Estimation using Precise Point Positioning
Authors: Nosek Jakub , Václavovic Pavel 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
An accurate estimation of an earthquake magnitude plays an important role in targeting emergency services towards affected areas. Along with the traditional methods using seismometers, site displacements caused by an earthquake can be monitored by the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). GNSS can be used either in real-time for early warning systems or in offline mode for precise monitoring of ground motion. The Precise Point Positioning (PPP) offers an optimal method for such purposes, because data from only one receiver are considered and thus not affected by other potentially not stable stations. Precise external products and empirical models have to be applied, and the initial convergence can be reduced or eliminated by the backward smoothing strategy or integer ambiguity resolution. The product for the magnitude estimation is a peak ground displacement (PGD). PGDs observed at many GNSS stations can be utilized for a robust estimate of an earthquake magnitude. We tested the accuracy of estimated magnitude scaling when using displacement waveforms collected from six selected earthquakes between the years 2016 and 2020 with magnitudes in a range of 7.5–8.2 Moment magnitude MW. We processed GNSS 1Hz and 5Hz data from 182 stations by the PPP method implemented in the G-Nut/Geb software. The precise satellites orbits and clocks corrections were provided by the Center for Orbit Determination in Europe (CODE). PGDs derived on individual GNSS sites formed the basis for ground motion parameters estimation. We processed the GNSS observations by the combination of the Kalman filter (FLT) and the backward smoother (SMT), which significantly enhanced the kinematic solution. The estimated magnitudes of all the included earthquakes were compared to the reference values released by the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS). The moment magnitude based on SMT was improved by 20% compared to the FLT-only solution. An average difference from the comparison was 0.07 MW and 0.09 MW for SMT and FLT solutions, respectively. The corresponding standard deviations were 0.18 MW and 0.22 MW for SMT and FLT solutions, which shows a good consistency of our and the reference estimates.
Effect of Microwave Pretreatment on Leaching of Tetrahedrite
Authors: Znamenácková Ingrid , Dolinská Silvia , Hredzák Slavomír , Cablík Vladimir 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In mineral processing, the use of microwave radiation is important especially in pre-treatment processes. At present, there is an acceleration of processes as well as an increase in the efficiency of metal recovery. One of the main problems in copper recovery from complex sulphide ores is the removal of impurities such as antimony, arsenic, mercury. In the hydrometallurgical processing scheme, the key step is the leaching. The extraction process can be influenced by the selection of suitable leaching reagents or by suitable pre-treatment of the ore. The article describes the effect of microwave radiation on the leaching Sb, As and Hg of tetrahedrite and tetrahedrite concentrate. The samples were irradiated at the power 900 W for 30 seconds. The leaching of irradiated and non-irradiated samples was realized in an alkaline sodium sulphide. The positive effect of microwave radiation was confirmed by an increase in the recovery of Sb and As already after 15 min of extraction. After microwave leaching of irradiated tetrahedrite samples, the yield of Sb was 43.2 %, in irradiated tetrahedrite concentrate, the yield of Sb was 81.3 %.
Forecasting of the Share of Renewable Sources in the Total Final Energy Consumption for Selected European Union Countries
Authors: Manowska Anna 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The development of society requires stable access to electricity at an acceptable price. In order to meet the growing demand in the European Union countries, we are observing a dynamic development of the use of renewable sources in the energy balances of the Member States. The article presents the legal framework resulting from the newly adopted climate strategy, New Green Deal, and the conditions for the development of renewable sources in the process of transforming energy systems. The characteristics of selected energy balances of countries are also presented, which may constitute a knowledge base on the diversity of the Member States in terms of energy resources used, levels of independence and self-sufficiency of raw materials, as well as the levels of current electricity prices. Based on the available statistical data, the Eurostat database presents forecasts of the levels of renewable energy consumption in the 2030 time horizon for selected countries and according to the main types of renewable energy such as wind, solar energy, biofuels, geothermal energy, and hydropower. The statistical analyzes presented in the article are important tools for building a development strategy for the process of integrating energy markets within the European Union. The obtained results of the analyzes constitute a new approach to the study of the diversified energy market in the EU and present potential development scenarios for the surveyed countries.
A Schematic Model of Low Temperature and High Salinity Seawaters in Southern Java of the Indian Ocean during ENSO-IOD 2017
Authors: Fernanda Genia Versha , Pranowo Widodo Setiyo , Setiono Heryoso , Puspita Candra Dwi , Kuswardani Anastasia Rita Tisiana Dwi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The semi-peRmanent jAva coasTal Upwelling that is known as RATU, it was named semi-permanent because upwelling does not occur every month of the year in Southern Java has been investigated by several international researchers. However, this study focused on investigating the horizontal distribution of upwelling areas, using the indicator of low temperature (max. ∼26°C) and high salinity (min. 34 PSU) seawater mass, in different depth layers. The datasets were obtained from HYCOM, with the wind daily as well as the monthly ONI, SOI ENSO, and DMI datasets obtained from ECMWF, NOAA, BoM Australia, and Jamstec, respectively. Furthermore, the horizontal propagation of the low temperature and high salinity in 2017 at depths of 0 m, 50 m, 75 m, 125 m, 150 m, and 300 m have been observed and modeled as schematics. According to the results, the probable upwelling area begins from 150/125 meters to 75/50 meters layer depth. In these layers, the horizontal propagation from the east monsoon (July) to the transition monsoon (October) dominantly begins from the east and moves westward. This shows the highest correlation between temperature/salinity and SOI occurred from August to October during La Nina, from a depth of 0 m to 100m. Similarly, for the ONI, low temperature and high salinity also occurred from the Normal phase to the La Nina phase. The correlation between temperature/salinity and IOD shows the probable upwelling season occurred during IOD (+) phase until a 100 m depth because salinity becomes more irregular with increasing ocean depth.