bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSVII-8 Influence of different levels of metabolic energy on morpho-biochemical parameters of broiler chicken
Authors: Ryazantseva Kristina V , Sizova Elena 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The problem of using high-energy diets for early maturing bird crosses is insufficient enrichment of diets, both qualitative and quantitative, with microelements. The aim of the study was to study the effect of different levels of metabolic energy (ME) of diet on productivity and morpho-biochemical parameters of broiler chickens of the Arbor Aсres cross. 3 groups with different content of ME were formed (n = 30). The control group contained 12.61 MJ / kg DM, treatment I - 13.3 MJ / kg DM, treatment II - 14.7 MJ / kg DM. So, live weight of broilers from the II experimental group was higher by 59.9% after the third week of the registration period relative to the control group, and by 18.8% (P ≤ 0.001) compared with I experimental group. At the end of registration period, broilers of II group were superior to the control and I experimental groups by 27.2% and 17.5% (p≤0.01), respectively. At the same time, in the group with the maximum OE content (group II), the level of leukocytes decreased by 9.2%, and the amount of hemoglobin increased by 6.6% compared to the control. By the end of the experiment (35 days), the activity of serum transamylases decreases in experimental groups I and II: ALT activity by 39.2% and 16.7% (P ≤ 0.05); AST by 3.8% and 1.9%, respectively, compared with the control. Thus, the content of main macronutrients of blood serum in animals with the maximum level of MA of the diet (group II) decreases: Fe by 4.95%, Mg by 3.42%, P by 16.7% (P ≤ 0.05) relative to control. Thus, an increase in metabolic energy in the diet of broiler chickens has a positive effect on productivity, causing a decrease in the content of macronutrients in blood serum. The research was carried out with financial support from RSF (20-16-00078).
PSVII-10 Growth performance, serum biochemical parameters and intestinal health of piglets as affected by dietary moa at different levels
Authors: Ma Jiayu , Shang Qinghui , Long Shenfei , Liu Sujie , Mahfuz Shad Uddin , Piao Xiangshu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A total of 180 weaning pigs (28 d of age, weighted 7.81±1.51 kg) were selected to explore the relationship between the different levels of mixed organic acids (MOA) on performance, serum antioxidant status and intestinal health of weaned piglets, as well as to investigate the potential possibility of MOA alternative to antibiotics growth promoters (AGP) [funded by BMNS (6202019) and NSFC (31772612)]. Pigs were randomly allocated to five treatments with six replicates (n = 6), including one basal diet with AGP (75 mg/kg chlorinomycin + 15 mg/kg virginiamycin + 50 mg/kg guitaromycin) and four diets with 0 (Con), 3,000 (Con-3), 5,000 (Con-5), 7,000 mg/kg (Con-7) MOA. The experiment was separated phase 1 (d 1 to d 14) and phase 2 (d 15 to d 28). In phases 1, 2 and overall, an improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) and average daily gain (ADG) was noticed (P &lt; 0.05) in piglets supplemented with AGP, Con-3 and Con-5. The concentration of serum IgG was enhanced (P &lt; 0.05) in piglets supplemented with Con-5 in phase 2. In the jejunum and ileum, piglets fed AGP and Con-3 increased (P &lt; 0.01) the ratio of villus height to crypt depth. An up-regulated of the Claudin-1 and ZO-1 gene in jejunum of piglets fed Con-3 and Con-5 were observed (P &lt; 0.05). The piglets fed AGP, Con-3 and Con-5 increased (P &lt; 0.05) the content of acetate acid and total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) in the cecum, butyric acid and TVFA in the colon. Also, Con-3 declined (P &lt; 0.05) the content of Lachnospiraceae in piglets. The current findings indicated that dietary MOA supplementation at 3,000 mg/kg and 5,000 mg/kg could enhance the performance by improving immune parameters and intestinal health of piglets.
PSVII-11 Long-term evaluation of dietary OmniGen AF supplementation on reproductive performance and milk composition of sows
Authors: Lee Jung Wook , Monegue Jim J , Williams Kim , Estienne Mark J , Chapman Jim , Humphrey Brooke , Lindemann Merlin D 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A cooperative study involving 189 litters from 114 sows [initial breeding body weight (BW), 200.8 ± 37.1 kg] was conducted at two experiment stations to investigate the effects of OmniGen AF (OG; Phibro Animal Health Corporation) supplementation in sow diets on reproductive performance and milk composition. Diets were: 1) corn-soybean meal-based control diet that met NRC (2012) requirement estimates or 2) control plus 0.75% OG. A common diet formulation was used by both stations. Sow allotment was balanced for breed, parity, and BW. Sows were allotted to diets at least 21 days prebreeding and were fed the diets continuously at 1.82 kg daily in gestation and ad libitum in lactation. Sow BWs were measured at breeding, prefarrowing, postfarrowing and weaning. Litter size responses were recorded within 24 h postpartum and individual pig weights were measured at birth and weaning. Milk samples were collected twice during lactation on d 5–7 and d 14–17. Supplementation with OG resulted in less (P &lt; 0.05) BW change of sows during lactation (-12.1 vs. -8.2 kg). Total born (12.9 vs. 13.0), live born (11.7 vs. 12.0), and weaned (10.3 vs. 10.5) were similar for control and OG sows, respectively. Sows fed OG-based diets had greater (P &lt; 0.05) litter weight for total born (18.3 vs. 19.3 kg) and weaned (63.2 vs. 67.0 kg), and lactation litter gain (47.8 vs. 50.7 kg). Lactation feed intake for control and OG sows (5.32 vs 5.52 kg, respectively) did not differ. Supplementing sow diets with OG increased (P = 0.057) lactose content (5.78 vs. 5.84%) and reduced (P = 0.047) protein content (4.77 vs. 4.68%) in milk. The results of this study demonstrated that supplemental OG at 0.75% in sow diets reduced weight loss during lactation and improved litter weights with marginal effects on milk composition of sows.
PSXVI-2 Response of ileal microbiota composition and immunity function to xylanase supplementation in broilers fed wheat-based diets
Authors: Wang Jian , Liu Sujie , Long Shenfei , Ma Jiayu , Piao Xiangshu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A total of 112 one-day-old broilers (initial BW 48.03 ± 0.33 g) were selected to investigate effects of xylanase (AT-xynA) on growth performance, ileal morphology, microbiota composition, immune response, antioxidant capacity and endocrine peptide levels in broilers [Founded by NSFC (31772612)]. Broilers were randomly allotted into 2 dietary treatments (n = 7) including a wheat-soybean basal diet (CON), and a basal diet with 4,000 U/kg AT-xynA (XY). On d 7, 14, 21 and 42, broilers were weighted and ileal tissues were sampled. Ileal digesta samples were collected for analyzing microbiota composition on d 21 and 42. The results showed that AT-xynA could improve average daily weight gain and average daily feed intake, and there were interactions between diet and age of broilers (P &lt; 0.05). On d 21 and 42, xylanase supplementation could decrease ileal microbiota α-diversity, the relative abundance of potentially pathogenic microbiota such as phyla Proteobacteria, family Moraxellaceae, Staphylococcaceae, genus Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, Streptococcus, Enterococcus, and increased the abundance of Lactobacillus (P &lt; 0.05). Moreover, the reduction in acetate concentration and abundance of short chain fatty acid producing bacteria was also observed in broilers from XY group (P &lt; 0.05). AT-xynA could increase ileal villus height, glucagon-like peptide-1 and insulin-like growth factor-1 concentrations, decreased interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α and malondialdehyde content in broilers from XY group, and these positive effects on intestinal health were greater in young broilers. In conclusion, xylanase supplementation to wheat-based diets could improve intestinal health, and the positive effects of xylanase supplementation were more pronounced in young broilers, thus contributing to subsequent improvements in growth performance of broilers.
PSXVI-6 Supplemental effects of phytase on bone parameters, intestinal health, nutrient digestibility and growth performance on broiler chickens
Authors: Moita Vitor Hugo C , Duarte Marcos E , Kim Sung Woo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to determine supplemental effects of phytase (VTR BIO-TECH, China) on bone parameters, jejunal mucosa-associated microbiota, intestinal morphology, nutrient digestibility, and growth performance of broiler chickens (Ross 308). Newly hatched broiler chickens (360, 44 ± 6 g BW) were randomly allotted in 6 treatments with 10 birds per cage based on CRD and fed for 27 d. Dietary treatments were the supplementation levels of phytase providing (0; 500; 1,000; 2,000; 4,000 FTU/kg feed) and 0.15% less Ca and 0.15% less P than the recommended requirements by ROSS 2019. Titanium dioxide (0.4%) was added to the diets as an indigestible marker to measure AID. On d 27, 3 birds were randomly selected from each cage and euthanized to collect jejunal mucosa and tissue to measure microbiota diversity and morphology, ileal digesta to measure AID, and left tibia to measure bone parameters. Data were analyzed using SAS. Phytase supplementation tended to increase overall ADG (P = 0.078; 39.7 to 42.2 g/d), whereas without affecting the overall ADFI and G:F. Phytase supplementation reduced (P &lt; 0.05) Pelomonas (10.01 to 2.64%) and tended to reduce Helicobacter (P = 0.085; 10.67 to 0.88%); Pseudomonas (P = 0.090; 2.02 to 0.31%); Sphingomonas (P = 0.071; 1.03 to 0.19%). Phytase supplementation increased (P &lt; 0.05) villus height (884 to 989 µm); the AID of CP (65.4 to 70.6%) and P (36.3 to 43.7%). Increasing phytase supplementation from 0 to 1,296 FTU/kg increased (P &lt; 0.05) breaking strength (184 to 213 N) and P content in the tibia (9.5 to 10.0%). In conclusion, phytase supplementation up to 4,000 FTU/kg feed showed benefits on intestinal health by reducing harmful bacteria in the jejunal mucosa, enhancing intestinal morphology and by increasing the AID of nutrients; and on the bone parameters by increasing the breaking strength and P content.
PSXVI-5 Supplemental effects of soy protein concentrate replacing animal protein supplements on growth performance and intestinal health of nursery pigs
Authors: Deng Zixiao , Duarte Marcos E , Kim Sung Woo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This study evaluated supplemental effects of soy protein concentrate (SPC) replacing animal protein supplements on growth performance and intestinal health of nursery pigs. Forty-eight newly weaned pigs (6.4 ± 0.6 kg BW) were allotted to 4 treatments in a RCBD with initial BW and sex as blocks fed for 35 d in 3 phases (P1/2/3 for 10/12/13 d, respectively). Dietary treatments were CON: diet with fish meal 4/2/1%, poultry meal 10/8/4%, and blood plasma 4/2/1% for P1/2/3, respectively; RFM: CON with SPC replacing fish meal; RPM: CON with SPC replacing poultry meal; and RBP: CON with SPC replacing blood plasma. Titanium dioxide (0.4%) was added to diets as indigestible marker from d 30. Growth performance was recorded for each phase. Pigs were euthanized on d 35 to collect jejunal tissue to measure intestinal health and mucosa-associated microbiota, and ileal digesta to measure apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of nutrients. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. In P1, RBP decreased (P &lt; 0.05) ADFI compared to CON (202 to 152 g/d) whereas no differences on growth performance and AID (DM, CP, and AA) were observed among treatments during the overall period. The RFM tended to increase (P = 0.087) IgA (3.48 to 5.54 mg/mg of protein) without differences in MDA, TNF-a, IL-8, protein carbonyl, and IgG among treatments. The RPM increased (P &lt; 0.05) Firmicutes (14.3 to 26.1%) and Bacteroidetes (8.3 to 18.7%) but decreased (P &lt; 0.05) Proteobacteria (64.0 to 42.1%). There were no differences in villus height, villus width, and crypt cells proliferation among treatments. In conclusion, SPC could replace animal protein supplements in nursery diets without affecting growth performance and intestinal health, and AID of nutrients. Particularly SPC replacing poultry meal enhanced the balance of jejunal mucosa-associated microbiota by reducing Proteobacteria and increasing Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes.
PSXVI-8 Taxifolin impact on the consequences of moderate heat stress in fattening pigs
Authors: Nekrasov Roman V , Bogolyubova Nadezhda V , Chabaev Magomed G , Rykov Roman A , Mishurov Alexey V , Tsis Elena Y 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The research aim is to study the efficiency of feeding Taxifolin (TAX) to pigs under moderate heat stress conditions. The experiment was performed on crossbred ((BWxL)xD) pigs (BW1=17.2–17.4 kg, 58 days old, n = 27) during the fattening period. The animals were in 3 groups: Group 1-control (standard forage-SF, n = 9), Group 2-experimental (SF+32 mg/kg Tax, n = 9), Group 3-experimental (SF, feeding Tax (32 mg/kg) periodically for 7 days at the beginning and at the end of the experiment, as well as when changing feeds, n = 9). To simulate moderate heat stress, the temperature was within the range of +24.0...+27.5°C with a humidity of 60–85%. The TAX effect manifested as an “adaptive factor”, contributing to a decrease of blood cortisol in experimental Groups 2&3 in comparison with the Control Group in the middle (93.5±16.2&133.7±16.6 vs. 147.6±27.5, nmol/l, P &lt; 0.5) and at the end of the experiment (234.4±61.2&253.2±46.4 vs. 284.8±86.8, nmol/l, P &gt; 0.5). Under TAX influence the concentration of blood TBARS decreased by 11.44 (P &lt; 0.05) and 11.80% (P &lt; 0.01) against the control group (2.40±0.12&2.39±0.08 vs. 2.71±0.05, µmol/l). The use of TAX improved ADG in the experimental groups (Week 1, Group 2, P &lt; 0.05; Week 8, Experimental Groups 2&3, p&lt; 0.05) in comparison with the Control Group. A more significant difference in ADG was observed in the final fattening period (1062.2±25.0&1049.9±19.9 vs. 1000.3±24.9, g, P = 0.01), and in general, for the entire fattening period (120 days of experience), ADG was 887.9±13.2&881.6±15.8 vs. 865.2±12.0 g in Control (P &gt; 0.5). In the experimental groups, there was a tendency (75.2±0.4&74.8±0.2 vs. 73.9±0.4, %, P &lt; 0.1) to increase the digestibility of dry matter of feed at the end of fattening. Thus, it was found that feeding TAX to pigs prevents the negative effects of temperature stress factors. The work was supported by Grant No. 19-16-00068 of the Russian Science Foundation.
PSXVI-1 Effect of dietary poppy seed meal supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal microbiota, and blood profile in growing-finishing pigs
Authors: Deokho Koo , Muhizi Serge , wooJung Seok , Shanshui Gao , Junho Song , Inho Kim 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Yeast products are extensively used as additives in livestock feed to improve their growth performance and intestinal health. A total of 90 crossbred finishing pigs were allocated to one of three treatments according to their BW and sex (2 barrows and 2 gilts) with 6 replicates per treatment and 5 pigs per pen for eight weeks. The dietary treatments were CON -basal diet, CON + 0.05% yeast hydrolysate (YH), CON + 0.1% YH. The yeast hydrolysate supplement used in this study was commercially prepared in the name of CALMORIN. The active ingredients of YH were 40% of crude protein, 3.5% of nucleotides, 23% of β-glucans,4.9% glutamic acid, and 15% of mannan-oligosaccharides. Data were subjected to the statistical analysis as a complete randomized design using the GLM procedures of SAS and the pen was used as the experimental unit. Linear and quadratic polynomial contrasts were performed to determine the effects yeast in the diet with P &lt; 0.05 indicating significance. Dietary inclusion of YH supplement linearly increased (P &lt; 0.05) body weight and average daily gain of pigs at wk 4,8, and overall trail period (respectively). Moreover, apparent total digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen, and energy showed linear (P &lt; 0.05) improvement in pigs fed graded level of YH supplementation. Also, the inclusion of YH supplementation linearly increased (P &lt; 0.05) the fecal microbial lactobacillus population. Furthermore, during the end of the trial, pigs fed YH tended to linearly increase (P &lt; 0.05) backfat thickness and lean meat percentage and linearly reduce drip loss (P &gt; 0.05) from meat sample on day 3 and 5 of storage. In conclusion the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, lactobacillus count, and meat quality of finishing pigs were positively enhanced by yeast hydrolysate supplement in the diet.
PSXII-18 Immunoglobulin G content and composition of colostrum in different cattle breeds
Authors: Kessler Evelyne C , Bruckmaier Rupert M , Gross Josef J 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Immunoglobulins (Ig) are essential bioactive components in colostrum that enable passive immunization of newborn calves. Compared to mature milk, concentrations of fat and protein are greater in colostrum, and represent a vital source of energy and nutrients. Colostral IgG was shown to vary between individual dairy cows, but comparative data on different breeds and performance levels are scarce. The objective of the present field study was to investigate the contents of total IgG, fat, protein, and lactose in colostrum in different Swiss and German dairy and dual-purpose breeds. We collected colostrum samples of 458 cows of 13 different breeds (dairy breeds: Brown Swiss, Swiss and German Holstein Friesian, and New Zealand Holstein; dual-purpose breeds: German Fleckvieh, Holstein Friesian × Montbéliarde, Montbéliarde, Murnau-Werdenfels, Original Braunvieh, Pinzgauer, Rhetic Gray, and Simmental; beef type crossbred Charolais × Holstein Friesian). Colostrum samples were obtained between 5 and 900 min after calving and analyzed for total IgG, fat protein, and lactose contents. Statistical analysis was carried out using a GLM model with breed, parity number, and time of colostrum collection as fixed effects. Immunoglobulin G concentrations varied between 12.7 and 204.0 mg/mL. No effect of breeding purpose (i.e., dairy or dual-purpose), nor of previous lactation yield on IgG content was observed. However, milking of cows for the first time later than 12 h after parturition resulted in lower colostrum IgG concentrations compared to colostrum harvest within 9 h after calving (P &lt; 0.05). Multiparous cows had a higher colostral IgG concentration than primiparous cows (P &lt; 0.0001). Overall, concentrations of IgG and other constituents in colostrum varied widely in the different cattle breeds. High-yielding dairy cows did not have poorer colostrum quality compared to lower yielding animals or beef and dual-purpose breeds, which suggests an individually different transfer of circulating IgG into colostrum.
PSXII-21 Pregnancy associated glycoproteins for pregnancy diagnosis on day 25 of gestation
Authors: Holton Matthew P , de Melo Gabriela , Davis Dylan B , Stewart R Lawton , Pohler Ky G , Lamb G Cliff C , Fontes Pedro L 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of plasma concentrations of pregnancy associated glycoproteins (PAG) for pregnancy diagnosis in beef cows on day 25 of gestation. Additionally, differences in circulating concentrations of PAG among cows that experienced late embryonic/early fetal mortality (LEM) were evaluated. Beef cows (n = 214) were exposed to the 7-d CO-Synch + CIDR protocol followed by fixed-time artificial insemination (day 0). Blood samples were collected on days 25 and 29 to determine circulating concentrations of PAG and ultrasonography on day 29 was used as the gold-standard method for pregnancy diagnosis. On days 25 and 29, PAG concentrations were greater (P &lt; 0.001) in pregnant compared with non-pregnant cows. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predicted value (PPV), negative predicted value (NPV), and accuracy on day 25 were 87, 80, 83, 84, and 83%, respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy for PAG on day 29 were 99, 94, 96, 97, and 99%, respectively. Pairwise comparison of receiver operating characteristics curve analysis indicated greater area under the curve for PAG on day 29 compared with day 25 (P &lt; 0.001). There were no differences in plasma concentrations of PAG on day 25 among cows that experienced LEM compared to cows that maintained pregnancy (P = 0.46). Concentrations of PAG on day 29 were reduced (P = 0.03) in cows that experienced LEM compared with cows that maintained pregnancy, and were not different between LEM and non-pregnant cows (P = 0.12). In summary, cows that experienced LEM had decreased plasma concentrations of PAG compared with cows that maintained pregnancy. The PAG assay utilized in this study yielded accurate pregnancy diagnosis results on day 29 of gestation: however, the presence of false negative results (NPV = 84%) limits its use on day 25 of gestation.
PSXII-19 Organ and cellular contributions to heat production in Brahman and Angus steers
Authors: Hawryluk Briana , McKinney Morgan , Gingerich Chloe , Bell Lindsey , Ramos Patricia , Scheffler Tracy L 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Reductions in basal metabolism and growth rate appear to contribute to decreased heat production of Bos indicus breeds. Lower metabolic rate may be due to smaller organ size and lower metabolic activity. Liver and heart account for high percentage of metabolic activity relative to their weight, and at a cellular level, mitochondria are responsible for producing energy for cellular maintenance. Our objective was to determine liver and heart weight and evaluate expression of key mitochondrial proteins in Bos indicus (80–100% Brahman) and Bos taurus (80–100% Angus) steers. Steers (n = 14 per breed) were harvested at the university meat laboratory. After evisceration, livers and hearts were weighed, and samples were frozen in liquid nitrogen for further analyses. Western blotting was used to determine expression of proteins in mitochondrial energy production: citrate synthase, a marker of mitochondria content; succinate dehydrogenase B (SDH-B), complex II; cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV, complex IV; and ATP synthase subunit 5A (ATP5A), complex V. Data were analyzed using an unpaired t-test in SAS-JMP. Although steers were similar age at slaughter (P = 0.84), Brahman steers weighed less (P &lt; 0.0001) and thus produced lighter carcasses (P &lt; 0.0001) and smaller livers and hearts (P &lt; 0.0001). On a relative basis (kg organ/kg BW), Brahman tended to possess smaller hearts (P = 0.06) and smaller livers (P = 0.03). Expression of mitochondria proteins in heart did not differ between breeds (P &gt; 0.3). However, Brahman exhibited lower expression of SDH-B (P = 0.005) but tended to have higher expression of ATP5A (P = 0.07) in liver. Altogether, this supports that smaller organ size is a contributing factor to lower heat production in heat-tolerant Brahman steers, and shifts in mitochondria protein expression in liver may impact energy metabolism at the cellular level.