bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Potential of an Artificially Ultraviolet B Irradiated Hay as a Source of Vitamin D
Authors: Opsomer Han , Clauss Marcus , Liesegang Annette , Hatt Jean‐Michel , Mäkitaipale Johanna 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTRoughage can be a significant source of vitamin D in herbivore diets. The vitamin D content of forages can vary considerably and depends, among others, on plant species, plant maturity and climate fluctuations. Ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure causes conversion of provitamin D to vitamin D and thus represents the most important influence. To characterise this effect, two batches of a young‐cut roughage of high hygienic and nutritional quality were exposed to constant artificial UVB‐irradiation up to 192 h and were sampled at regular intervals. In previous studies, both ergocalciferol (vitamin D2), cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) and/or their metabolites have been detected in plants. Therefore, the present roughage was analysed for both D2 and D3. Whereas cholecalciferol never exceeded the detection limit of 0.25 µg/100 g, ergocalciferol increased from 2.22 µg to 19.15 µg/100 g dry matter in a time‐dependent manner. Additionally, the values indicate an interplay with other factors not investigated in this study, for example, leaf‐stem‐ratio in the different samples. The high amounts of ergocalciferol in the experimental roughage after UVB‐exposure confirm the value of hay as a vitamin D source for managed herbivores. The quick rise with time cautions against neglecting UVB‐irradiation's effect on feed, both in practical as well as in experimental settings.
The differences in intestinal microbiota between common and orange‐muscle of Haliotis gigantea and dietary influences on abalone's intestinal microbiota
Authors: Wei Xiaohui , Zeng Wencui , Tang Bin , Huang Miaoqin , Luo Xuan , Ke Caihuan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractCompared with common abalone, the orange‐muscle abalone (Haliotis gigantea) has an enhanced ability to accumulate carotenoids. Feeding on asparagus (Gracilaria lemaneiformis) was critical for maintaining carotenoid contents in H. gigantea muscles. However, whether intestinal microbes play the role in carotenoid accumulation in different colored abalone, and the effects of different diets on intestinal microbes in abalone are unknown. In the study, the differences in intestinal microbiota between abalone with different colors and the effects of different diets on the intestinal microbiota of the abalone were analyzed. The results showed that (1) there was no significant difference in intestinal microbial community composition between the orange‐muscle abalone and the common abalone, and (2) the intestinal microbial community composition of abalone fed on asparagus was significantly different from that of abalone fed on kelp (Laminaria japonica). At the genus level, the relative abundance of Psychrilyobacter in the intestinal tract of abalone fed with asparagus was significantly higher than that of kelp‐fed groups. Stenotrophomonas and Vibrio were the dominant bacteria at the genus level in abalone fed with the kelp. This result excluded the role of intestinal microbes in different colored abalone and provided clues for further study of the coloration mechanism of abalone.
How to Teach Clinical Reasoning in the Context of Rare Diseases in Undergraduate Medical Education
Authors: Feigerlova Eva 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTWhile rare diseases are individually rare, they are collectively common. Physicians are likely to see patients presenting with rare diseases during their medical practice. Despite the fact that rare diseases present diagnostic and therapeutic challenges, they are not sufficiently addressed by undergraduate medical curricula. The need to train medical students has been expressed by stakeholders in several countries. Moreover, among the objectives of the World Health Organization are to reduce a diagnostic time, decrease diagnostic errors and ensure the provision of multidisciplinary care. We have initiated an educational module aspiring to enhance understanding of rare diseases among undergraduate medical students. Based on our experience, on the literature data and related learning theories, this document presents some tips on how to foster training of undergraduate medical students in the context of rare diseases.
Moving Beyond Teaching Skill Curriculum: Development of a Distinction in Medical Education Track
Authors: Strouse Jennifer , Rowat Jane , Sanders M. Lee , Antes Lisa , Suneja Manish 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundMost postgraduate medical education tracks are faculty‐led and emphasise teaching skills. A peer‐to‐peer medical education track focused on curriculum development and scholarship is notably underrepresented in the literature, especially within graduate medical education.To address these gaps, a 2‐year Distinction in Medical Education (DIME) track was developed. The aim of this report was to (1) describe the inception and structure of the DIME track, (2) assess the effectiveness of a peer‐to‐peer instructional model and (3) evaluate the track's success in generating scholarly work in medical education.ApproachResidents engage in structured workshops using a flipped classroom approach. Interactive sessions utilising Kern's Curriculum allow first‐year DIME participants to learn principles of curricular development. As residents transition into their second year, they are responsible for facilitating and leading curricular development workshops, transforming from learners to teachers. Each participant also designs and executes a scholarly project focused on medical education with longitudinal mentorship.EvaluationSince 2020, five cohorts (n = 20) have participated in the DIME track. We evaluated the program using a mixed‐methods approach. Quantitative analysis showed that 10 resident‐led projects were integrated into undergraduate medical education and seven into graduate medical education curricula. Qualitative feedback from surveys and focus groups identified key themes, emphasising the value of the program's core components.ImplicationsDIME's success goes beyond teaching skills; it involves learning and teaching the principles of curricular development to peers as well as applying principles of curricular development to tangible scholarly projects. The track's focus on educational scholarship is a measurable outcome.
Inflammatory and Oxidative Patterns Regulated by Theracurmin Intake in an Experimental Model of Hypertrophic Training and Detraining
Authors: Pontes Washington Martins , Louise Vitória , Menezes Tatiana Prata , Costa Guilherme de Paula , Oliveira Daniel Malta , Pio Sirlaine , Dias Fernanda Carolina Ribeiro , Ervilha Luiz Otávio Guimarães , Castro Maria Laura da Cruz , Souza Patrícia Regina Soares de , Costa Daniela Caldeira , Pinto Kelerson Mauro de Castro , Talvani André 
Published: January 2025

Dietary supplements have improved performance and muscle hypertrophy in athletes and nonathletes in the past few decades. Theracurmin, a nutraceutical supplement based on curcumin, has been highlighted by its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in physiological and pathological conditions. This study aimed to investigate the effects of theracurmin intake (300 mg/kg), containing 30 mg/kg of curcumin, in male Swiss mice (n = 66) under distinct protocols of climbing stairs (strength exercise) and their respective detraining period. Animals, aged 7–9 weeks, were trained for 8 weeks (5 days/week), with a minimum interval of 24 hr between each session, followed by a 4-week detraining period. After euthanasia, skeletal muscle hypertrophy was evaluated through histological analysis. Tissue inflammatory release of tumor necrosis factor, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and chemokine C–C motif ligand 2, as well as the activity of oxidative stress enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, and lipid peroxidation), were also assessed. In trained animals, inflammatory mediators and skeletal muscle mass increased after training (p = .0004). Theracurmin did not revert the muscle hypertrophy, but it decreased tissue chemokine C–C motif ligand 2 (p = .0001) and lipid peroxidation (p < .0001) after strength training and after detraining (p = .0008 and p = .001, respectively). Tissue tumor necrosis factor was only reduced during the detraining period (p = .037), whereas IL-6 (p = .0001) and IL-10 (p < .0001) increased after the training protocol. No differences were observed in catalase and superoxide dismutase. Our data suggest that theracurmin intake contributes to the reduction of tissue inflammatory mediators during strength training and/or detraining without essential activity on skeletal muscle hypertrophy.
Teaching counts! Open Educational Resources as an object of measurement for scientometric analysis
Authors: Kullmann Sylvia 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
At present, performance assessment in science focuses mainly on scientific publications. Teaching is not given the same attention in the reward and recognition system, even though it is an integral part of science. Open Educational Resources (OER) are open teaching and learning materials, the creation and publication of which can, under certain conditions, be considered equivalent to other scientific output. A scientometric analysis of OER is in principle possible. However, as an object of measurement, OER show a number of peculiarities. These include often missing comprehensible quality assessments procedures, the treatment of OER versions regarding a sufficient level of creation, and the consideration of different granularities. This work discusses the special OER features in detail and suggests an applicable definition for OER in scientometric contexts. OER can have many different forms. To simplify measurability, the categories Dedicated Learning Content and Learning Design Content are proposed for use in scientometric analysis of OER. A third category, OER Ecosystem, is suggested for capturing services such as consulting, providing funding, or operating OER infrastructures that create an OER-conducive environment. In addition, practical challenges are considered, such as the separate collection of attribution and citation data for OER.
The Importance of Perturbation Rank in Ensemble Simulations
Authors: Wu Pin-Ying , Kawabata Takuya , Duc Le 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Ensemble simulations involve perturbations of error sources in numerical models to represent uncertainties. The rank of the perturbation matrix is expected to be equal to the ensemble size; thus, each ensemble member may have an independent perturbation. However, ensembles without independent perturbations for each member have been commonly adopted, and their impacts remain unknown. This study explores how a lack of perturbation rank affects the quality of an ensemble and its estimates. Focusing on mesoscale weather forecasts, lateral boundary conditions (LBCs) were considered since they are a primary source of uncertainty in regional models. Two sets of 1000-member ensemble simulations of Typhoon Hagibis (2019) were performed with different ranks of LBC perturbations (LBPs). A lack of perturbation rank caused members to cluster based on the given LBC because the LBCs strongly constrained the simulated states. This clustering is a sign of poor orthogonality, that is, a deficiency in the effective ensemble size. Clustering also implies distortion in the ensemble error space. A resulting spurious probability distribution can occur even when the ensemble mean and spread are valid. From the perspective of physical space, spurious probability distributions are caused by the clustering of typhoon locations and synoptic-scale environmental conditions owing to the lack of an LBP rank. Additionally, using positive and negative perturbation pairs was one cause of the perturbation rank defect. Our findings highlight the importance of the perturbation rank, particularly for high-order estimates of probability distributions with large ensembles.

Significance Statement
Ensemble methods address uncertainty in weather forecasts by presenting possible scenarios through simulations with small differences or perturbations in numerical model components that affect forecasts. This study examines how a lack of independent perturbations in the model’s lateral boundary conditions affects the quality of a large ensemble with 1000 scenarios of typhoon forecasts. The results demonstrated that a lack of independent perturbations damaged the ensemble scenario variety. This damage led to spurious estimates of ensemble probability distributions. The findings suggest that a large ensemble requires independent perturbations corresponding to its size to adequately provide advanced probability estimates.
Longitudinal Changes in Medial Meniscal Extrusion After ACL Injury and Reconstruction and Its Relationship With Cartilage Degeneration Assessed Using MRI-Based T1ρ and T2 Analysis
Authors: Watanabe Shotaro , Joseph Gabby B. , Sato Dai , Lansdown Drew A. , Brandao Guimaraes Julio , Link Thomas M. , Ma Chunbong Benjamin 
Published: January 2025

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury often leads to posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA), despite ACL reconstruction (ACLR). Medial meniscal extrusion (MME) is implicated in PTOA progression but remains understudied after ACL injury and ACLR. Hypothesis/Purpose: It was hypothesized that MME would increase longitudinally after ACL injury and ACLR, with greater changes in the ipsilateral knee compared with the contralateral knee, leading to cartilage degeneration. The study aimed to assess MME 3 years after ACLR and its relationship with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T1ρ and T2 as cartilage degeneration markers. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: MME and relative percentage of extrusion (RPE) were measured on 3 coronal slices of 3-dimensional fast spin-echo images and the mean values were used. T1ρ and T2 sequences were obtained and cartilage compositional measurements were performed using in-house developed software with MATLAB. Mixed models were used to assess the longitudinal changes and linear regression was used to assess the relationships between RPE and T1ρ and T2 values. Results: A total of 54 participants with unilateral ACL injuries underwent preoperative bilateral knee MRI. A total of 36 participants completed MR scans at 6 months and 3 years after ACLR. MME and RPE measurements demonstrated high reliability (ICC > 0.88 and > 0.91, respectively). The predicted values of MME and RPE from the mixed models showed that the ipsilateral side had significantly greater MME and RPE than the contralateral side at all 3 time points ( P = .023 for MME; P = .013 for RPE at baseline; and P < .001 at 6 months and P < .001 at 3 years for both MME and RPE). The rate of change of MME and RPE on the ipsilateral side was significantly greater than that on the contralateral side ( P < .001). Postoperative RPE was associated with T1ρ and T2 values in the posterior medial femoral condyle. Conclusion: MME and RPE obtained pre- and postoperatively after ACLR on the ipsilateral side were significantly greater than those on the contralateral side, and the longitudinal increases on the ipsilateral side were greater than those on the contralateral side. Postoperative RPE was significantly associated with cartilage degeneration in the posterior medial femoral condyle.
Central statistical monitoring in clinical trial management: A scoping review
Authors: Fronc Maciej , Jakubczyk Michał , Love Sharon B , Talbot Susan , Rolfe Timothy 
Published: January 2025

Background: Clinical trials handle a huge amount of data which can be used during the trial to improve the ongoing study conduct. It is suggested by regulators to implement the remote approach to evaluate clinical trials by analysing collected data. Central statistical monitoring helps to achieve that by employing quantitative methods, the results of which are a basis for decision-making on quality issues. Methods: This article presents a scoping review which is based on a systematic and iterative approach to identify and synthesise literature on central statistical monitoring methodology. In particular, we investigated the decision-making processes (with emphasis on quality issues) of central statistical monitoring methodology and its place in the clinical trial workflow. We reviewed papers published over the last 10 years in two databases (Scopus and Web of Science) with a focus on data mining algorithms of central statistical monitoring and its benefit to the quality of trials. Results: As a result, 24 scientific papers were selected for this review, and they consider central statistical monitoring at two levels. First, the perspective of the central statistical monitoring process and its location in the study conduct in terms of quality issues. Second, central statistical monitoring methods categorised into practices applied in the industry, and innovative methods in development. The established methods are discussed through the prism of categories of their usage. In turn, the innovations refer to either research on new methods or extensions to existing ones. Discussion: Our review suggests directions for further research into central statistical monitoring methodology – including increased application of multivariate analysis and using advanced distance metrics – and guidance on how central statistical monitoring operates in response to regulators’ requirements.
Age-stratified analysis of adverse event signals for clarithromycin: a disproportionality analysis using the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System
Authors: Mai Haiyan , Zhang Zhenpo , Liang Yankun , Zheng Jingping , Su Ling 
Published: January 2025

Background: Clarithromycin is a widely used antibiotic, but its safety profile, particularly in different age groups, remains inadequately explored. Objectives: This study aims to characterize and illustrate the features of clarithromycin-related adverse events (AEs) across different age groups using the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database, providing a reference for the clinical detection, prevention, and management of AEs in various age groups. Design: A disproportionality analysis was performed using data from the FAERS database. The study included all AE reports related to clarithromycin, stratified by age groups. Methods: Disproportionality analysis was conducted using reporting odds ratio, proportional reporting ratio, Bayesian confidence propagation neural network, and multiple gamma Poisson shrinkers. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests. Results: A total of 7319 reports of clarithromycin AEs were retrieved from the FAERS database. Vomiting, diarrhea, drug interactions, and drug interactions were reported most frequently in the age groups 0–17, 18–44, 45–64, and ⩾65 years, respectively. Abnormal product taste, taste disorder, and medication errors related to drug interactions specified in the package insert were the strongest signals in the age groups 0–17, 18–44, 45–64, and ⩾65 years, respectively. A total of 41 Preferred Terms signals were not explicitly included in the clarithromycin package insert and were mainly associated with psychiatric disorders, skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders, and gastrointestinal disorders, among others. Specific signals for age differences were identified, with 18 signals being age-specific, including 3 in children and 15 in elderly individuals. Conclusion: The safety profile of clarithromycin varies across age groups. In children, it is mainly associated with vomiting, hypersensitivity, and dyspnea, while in adults, psychiatric AEs are more common. In the elderly, clarithromycin should be used cautiously, with attention to drug interactions.
Rapid quantitative PCR on tongue swabs for pulmonary tuberculosis in adults: a prospective multicentre study
Authors: Wang Yilin , Cui Junwei , Li Yuanyuan , Wang Miao , Han Wenge , Liu Aimei , Wang Furong , Liu Rongmei , Kang Shuhui , Zhang Jianping , Zhu Sihong , Lai Zhonghai , Guan Wenlong , Zou Shaomu , Yin Xiangyu , Qing JianZhi , Mu Guilan , Guan Liying , Li Liang , Pang Yu 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundTuberculosis (TB) remains a major cause of infectious disease mortality globally, with significant underdiagnosis perpetuating transmission. Tongue swab analysis has emerged as a promising non-invasive method for pulmonary TB diagnosis. This study evaluates the diagnostic accuracy of the TB-EASY quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay using tongue swab specimens.MethodsIn this prospective multicentre study, conducted across seven designated TB hospitals in China, 729 participants were included in the analysis. Tongue swabs were tested using the new TB-EASY assay from Hugobiotech, while sputum samples were analysed by Xpert MTB/RIF (Xpert), smear and culture tests. Diagnostic performance was compared to a composite microbiological reference standard (MRS).ResultsThe TB-EASY assay demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy, with sensitivity and specificity of 89.6% and 96.2% compared to sputum Xpert, and 87.4% and 98.0% compared to the MRS. Sensitivity varied by bacterial load, ranging from 100% in high-load cases to 70.4% in very-low-load cases. The assay demonstrated robust performance in diverse epidemiological settings.ConclusionsThe TB-EASY qPCR assay using tongue swabs offers a reliable, non-invasive diagnostic alternative for pulmonary TB, especially where sputum collection is challenging. Its potential for wider use in high TB burden settings warrants further validation in community-based studies. Limitations include potential overestimation of sensitivity due to the selection of symptomatic patients and the use of sputum Xpert rather than Xpert Ultra. Additionally, the performance in non-sputum-producing patients remains untested, and the cost-effectiveness should be further evaluated to assess the feasibility of its implementation.
Traumatic head injuries in children: demographics, injury patterns, and outcomes in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Albargi Hussin , Alharbi Rayan Jafnan , Almuwallad Ateeq , Harthi Naif , Khormi Yahya , Kanthimathinathan Hari Krishnan , Chowdhury Sharfuddin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
Traumatic head injuries (THIs) are among the leading cause of mortality and intensive care unit (ICU) admission in children worldwide. Most of the published literature concerning THIs arises predominantly from North America and Europe. However, only limited data about the incidence, characteristics and impact on children in Saudi Arabia exists.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective analysis of THIs in children (≤ 18 years of age) using data from the Saudi TraumA Registry (STAR) from August 2017 to December 2022. Data included patient demographic characteristics, the mechanism, type and severity of injury. We used multivariable logistic regression to assess the association between outcomes and clinical factors.

Results
We identified 466 children with THI. Most children were over six years of age (69.5%) and male (76.6%). Motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) were the most common cause of THIs (51.9%), with falls being more common in infants (69.8%). Over half of the children required ICU admission. Children with higher injury severity score, heart rate at presentation to the ED, hospital stay duration, respiratory assistance and need for surgery were more likely to require ICU admission. The overall mortality rate was 7.7%, with schoolchildren (age: 6–12 years) having the highest mortality rate (10.8%). Higher rates of ICU admission were associated with increases in the injury severity score (ISS), hospital stay duration, respiratory assistance and the need for surgery.

Conclusions
Children in the 6–12 year age-group had the highest mortality rate, reflecting high injury severities associated with increased ICU admissions. These findings highlight the importance of targeting preventive measures for MVCs in older children and improving trauma care for severe cases.

Clinical trial number
Not applicable.