bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantification of surface water and groundwater salinity sources in irrigated lowland area of North China Plain
Authors: Kong Xiaole , Wang Shiqin , Shen Yan‐Jun , Sheng Zhuping , Liu Xiaojing , Ding Fei 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSeasonally variation of water salinity is observed worldwide, the mechanisms of water salinity are not well understood due to natural factors and anthropogenic activities. Quantification water salinity source are challenging since complex influence factors, especially in agricultural regions irrigated with multi‐water sources. In the lowland area of North China Plain, transferred water, brackish shallow groundwater and fresh deep groundwater were combinative utilized to relieve prominent contradictions between regional water shortages and grain production. In this study, influence factors of surface water (canal water, pond water) and shallow groundwater salinity were identified and quantified through statistical analysis, deuterium excess, and ionic relationship. Salinity of canal water and pond water increased in dry season and decreased in rainy season, while salinity of shallow groundwater decreased in dry season after water transfer and rainy season, but increased in dry season. Evaporation and mineral dissolution were main factors for surface water salinity in dry season, with mineral dissolution was the more important one. The contribution ratio of evaporation and mineral dissolution for canal salinity were 4.4 and 49.1% in dry season after water transfer, 7.1 and 34.4% in dry season, and that for pond water salinity were 12.4 and 18.3% in dry season, respectively. Precipitation and surface runoff were main factors for surface water salinity in rainy season. The contribution of surface runoff for canal water and pond water salinity were 66.1 and 45.8%, respectively. Salinity of canal water and shallow groundwater was temporary decreased by water transfer. Domestic sewage from rural areas had larger influence than agricultural activities for salinity increase of pond water and shallow groundwater. Mineral dissolution was the main contributor for shallow groundwater salinity, with contribution ratio larger than 60% in different periods. This study demonstrated and quantified salinity source of surface water and shallow groundwater and may deepen our understanding of water management under multi‐water resources utilization.
Financial savings structure—Eurozone and Visegrad Group
Authors: Zawadzka Agnieszka , Grzywińska‐Rąpca Małgorzata 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe purpose of the analysis presented in this text is to identify differences in the structure of financial assets between countries (Eurozone countries and Visegrad Group countries). All groups of forms of saving analyzed are characterized by strong or very strong asymmetry. To compensate for the worrying calculations, the outlier effect has been standardized using weber median. Further statistical analyses used Friedman's non‐aparametric ANOVA test to determine the similarity between the different forms of saving. The PROFIT analysis allowed for a graphical representation of the structure of the similarities between the countries analyzed and their arrangement due to the severity of the selected forms of saving. The analysis showed that in the Eurozone countries the form of saving significantly different from the others turned out to be Equity and investment fund shares, while in the countries of Visegrad Group they are loans and other accounts receivable/payable. In addition, the Netherlands and Estonia were the most outliers in the Eurozone countries, followed by Slovakia and Hungary in the Visegrad Group countries. The results of the analysis may complement the literature on household savings, which are the primary, saving sector of any economy. The dominance of savings only in the form of deposits and currencies can in the long term cause monetary distortions. Determining the share of financial instruments in financial assets and indicating the diversity between regions can be important in the development of financial policy as it indicates differences in economies of varying degrees of development.
Programming of drug release via rolling‐up of patterned biopolymer films
Authors: Pedron Riccardo , Vandamme Thierry , Luchnikov Valeriy A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractContinuous progress of personalized medicine is insistently calling the pharmaceutical sector to increase product variability more than ever before. One of the challenges consists in personalization of the drug release rates and doses from drug‐containing media. Herein is introduced an innovative methodology which resolves this problem by combining inkjet printing and rolling up procedure, allowing for the production of capsules with tailorable distributions of medical compounds. The prototype capsules consist of rolled‐up polymeric films over which fluorescent probes have been deposited via inkjet printing prior to rolling. The position of the probes inside the capsules are determined by the printed 2D pattern. The delay and the rate of the release of the probes in dissolution media can be shaped by the number of rolls and the position of the drug reservoir on the polymeric film before rolling. The innovative method proposed in the paper paves the way to a novel family of drug delivery devices with a broad range of therapeutic applications and it stands alongside other additive manufacturing techniques but allows to avoid their usual constraints.
Comparative study of water‐processable polymeric binders in LiMn2O4 cathode for aqueous electrolyte batteries
Authors: Pace Gordon T. , Wang Han , Whitacre Jay F. , Wu Wei 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEnergy storage systems utilizing neutral pH aqueous electrolytes are increasing in importance, as they are inherently cheaper and safer when compared to their traditional lithium‐ion battery counterparts. However, no thorough study on binder characteristics in the aqueous environment has been reported. This work reports the performance and characterization of multiple binders: a polyacrylonitrile‐based binder (LA133), LA133+carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), styrene‐butadiene rubber (SBR), SBR+CMC, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and PTFE+CMC as implemented with a LiMn2O4 cathode in a neutral pH aqueous electrolyte. Data presented include cyclic voltammetry (CV), resistivity, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results. PTFE+CMC is the overall superior binder, particular touting superior rate performance owing to the strength of PTFE coupled with electrolyte swelling ability of CMC. This work hopes to serve as a resource for rational design of sustainable battery chemistries.
Synthesis and Electrochemical Investigations of the [FeFe]‐Hydrogenase H‐Cluster Mimics Mediated by Bicyclic Dithiols Derivative
Authors: Daraosheh Ahmad Q. , Abul‐Futouh Hassan , Abdel‐Rahem Rami A. , Görls Helmar , Stachel Hans‐Dietrich , Weigand Wolfgang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBiomimic of the active site of [FeFe]‐hydrogenase containing bicyclic dithiols as bridging linker has been synthesized and characterized using different spectroscopic methods. The influence of this linker on the redox properties and the catalytic behavior of the resulted binuclear complex was investigated using cyclic voltammetry, showing that it can catalyze the reduction of protons to H2 in the presence of acetic acid (AcOH). Moreover, the results revealed that the bicyclic dithiolene linker has improved the chemical stability of the reduced species and caused a shift to less negative potential in comparison to the synthetic models that mimic the active site of [FeFe]‐hydrogenase reported in the literature. In addition, the structure of the resulted binuclear complex mediated by bicyclic dithiols as bridging linker was confirmed by X‐ray diffraction analysis.
Bioformulation of Microbial Biocontrol Agents for a Sustainable Agriculture
Authors: Bejarano Ana , Puopolo Gerardo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe application of microbial based biopesticides has become a sustainable alternative to the use of chemicals to prevent yield losses due to plant pathogens. However, microbial based biopesticides are often unsuccessfully formulated and do not meet the demanding regulatory standards required by the agencies, which hinders their commercialization. Hence, an outline on the approaches to attain more effective formulations might be useful for the development of future more effective products.With this aim, this chapter reports the current state of biocontrol strategies and describes the principles of microbial biocontrol formulations. Emphasis is placed on techniques and tools available for the development and characterisation of microbial products. To provide glimpses on the possible formulations, the different existing additives, carriers, inoculation techniques and formulation types are exhaustively reviewed. Finally, requirements and principles for efficacy evaluation of plant protection products in the European Union are included (see Chaps. 10.1007/978-3-030-53238-3_11, 10.1007/978-3-030-53238-3_18 and 10.1007/978-3-030-53238-3_19).
Power-aligned 2HDM: a correlative perspective on (g − 2)e,μ
Authors: Li Shao-Ping , Li Xin-Qiang , Li Yuan-Yuan , Yang Ya-Dong , Zhang Xin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
With the hypothesis of minimal flavor violation, we find that there exists a power-aligned relation between the Yukawa couplings of the two scalar doublets in the two-Higgs-doublet model with Hermitian Yukawa matrices. Within such a power-aligned framework, it is found that a simultaneous explanation of the anomalies observed in the electron and muon anomalous magnetic moments can be reached with TeV-scale quasi-degenerate Higgs masses, and the resulting parameter space is also phenomenologically safer under the B-physics, Z and τ decay data, as well as the current LHC bounds. Furthermore, the flavor-universal power that enhances the charged-lepton Yukawa couplings prompts an interesting correlation between the two anomalies, which makes the model distinguishable from the (generalized) linearly aligned and the lepton-specific two-Higgs-doublet models that address the same anomalies but in a non-correlative manner, and hence testable by future precise measurements.
Ginzberg-Landau-Wilson theory for flat band, Fermi-arc and surface states of strongly correlated systems
Authors: Oh Eunseok , Seo Yunseok , Yuk Taewon , Sin Sang-Jin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We show that we can realize the surface state together with the bulk state of various types of topological matters in holographic context, by considering various types of Lorentz symmetry breaking. The fermion spectral functions in the presence of order show features like the gap, pseudo-gap, flat disk bands and the Fermi-arc connecting the two Dirac cones, which are familiar in Weyl and Dirac materials or Kondo lattice. Many of above features are associated with the zero modes whose presence is tied with a discrete symmetry of the interaction and these zero modes are associated with the surface states. Some of the order parameters in the bulk theory do not have an interpretation of symmetry breaking in terms of the boundary space, which opens the possibility of ‘an order without symmetry breaking’. We also pointed out that the spectrum of the symmetry broken phase mimics that of weakly interacting theory, although their critical version describe the strongly interacting system.
String backgrounds of the Yang-Baxter deformed AdS4 × ℂℙ3 superstring
Authors: Rado Laura , Rivelles Victor O. , Sánchez Renato 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We build string backgrounds for Yang-Baxter deformations of the AdS4 × ℂℙ3 superstring generated by r-matrices satisfying the classical Yang-Baxter equation. We obtain the metric and the NSNS two-form of the gravity dual corresponding to noncommutative and dipole deformations of ABJM theory, as well as a deformed background with Schrödinger symmetry. The first two backgrounds may also be found by TsT transformations while for the last background we get a new family of non-relativistic ABJM theories with Schrödinger symmetry.
Association between mortality and frailty in emergency general surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Fehlmann Christophe Alain , Patel Dilan , McCallum Jessica , Perry Jeffrey Joseph , Eagles Debra 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this review was to determine the association between frailty and mortality among adults ≥ 65 years old undergoing emergency general surgery (EGS).

Methods
This systematic review followed the PRISMA guidelines (CRD42020172482 on PROSPERO). A search in MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews was conducted from inception to March 5, 2020. Studies with patients ≥ 65 years undergoing EGS were included. The primary exposure was frailty, measured using the Clinical Frailty Scale or the Modified Frailty Index. The primary outcome was 30-day mortality. Secondary outcomes were 90-day and 1-year mortality, length of stay, complications, change in level of care at discharge, and loss of independence. Two independent reviewers screened articles and extracted data. Risk of bias was assessed according to the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale and quality of evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach. A meta-analysis was performed for 30-day mortality using a random-effects model.

Results
Our search yielded 847 articles and six cohort studies were included in the systematic review. There were 1289 patients, 283 being frail. The pooled OR from meta-analysis for frail compared to non-frail patients was 2.91 (95% CI 2.00, 4.23) for 30-day mortality. Frailty was associated with increased odds of all secondary outcomes.

Conclusion
Frailty is significantly associated with worse outcomes after emergency general surgery in adults ≥ 65 years of age. The Clinical Frailty Scale could be used to improve preoperative risk assessment for patients and shared decision-making between patients and healthcare providers.

Registration number
CRD42020172482 (PROSPERO).
Combined Biomaterials: Amniotic Membrane and Adipose Tissue to Restore Injured Bone as Promoter of Calcification in Bone Regeneration: Preclinical Model
Authors: Dziedzic Dilcele Silva Moreira , Francisco Júlio César , Mogharbel Bassam Felipe , Irioda Ana Carolina , Stricker Priscila Elias Ferreira , Floriano Juliana , de Noronha Lúcia , Abdelwahid Eltyeb , Franco Célia Regina Cavichiolo , de Carvalho Katherine Athayde Teixeira 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDiscarded tissues, like human amniotic membranes and adipose tissue, were investigated for the application of Decellularized Human Amniotic Membrane (DAM) as a viable scaffold for transplantation of Adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) in bone regeneration of non-healing calvarial defects in rats. Amniotic membrane was decellularized to provide a scaffold for male Wistar rats ASCs expansion and transplantation. ASCs osteoinduction in vitro promoted the deposition of a mineralized bone-like matrix by ASCs, as calcified globular accretions associated with the cells on the DAM surface and inside the collagenous matrix. Non-healing calvarial defects on male Wistar rats were randomly divided in control without treatment, treatment with four layers of DAM, or four layers of DAM associated with ASCs. After 12 weeks, tissue blocks were examined by micro-computed tomography and histology. DAM promoted osteoconduction by increasing the collagenous matrix on both DAM treatments. DAM with ASCs stimulated bone deposition, demonstrated by a higher percentage of bone volume and trabecular bone number, compared to control. Besides the osteogenic capacity in vitro, ASCs stimulated the healing of calvarial defects with significant DAM graft incorporation concomitant with higher host bone deposition. The enhanced in vivo bone regeneration by undifferentiated ASCs loaded onto DAM confirmed the potential of an easily collected autologous cell source associated with a broadly available collagenous matrix in tissue engineering.
A deep learning framework for 18F-FDG PET imaging diagnosis in pediatric patients with temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Zhang Qinming , Liao Yi , Wang Xiawan , Zhang Teng , Feng Jianhua , Deng Jianing , Shi Kexin , Chen Lin , Feng Liu , Ma Mindi , Xue Le , Hou Haifeng , Dou Xiaofeng , Yu Congcong , Ren Lei , Ding Yao , Chen Yufei , Wu Shuang , Chen Zexin , Zhang Hong , Zhuo Cheng , Tian Mei 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Epilepsy is one of the most disabling neurological disorders, which affects all age groups and often results in severe consequences. Since misdiagnoses are common, many pediatric patients fail to receive the correct treatment. Recently, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET) imaging has been used for the evaluation of pediatric epilepsy. However, the epileptic focus is very difficult to be identified by visual assessment since it may present either hypo- or hyper-metabolic abnormality with unclear boundary. This study aimed to develop a novel symmetricity-driven deep learning framework of PET imaging for the identification of epileptic foci in pediatric patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE).

Methods
We retrospectively included 201 pediatric patients with TLE and 24 age-matched controls who underwent 18F-FDG PET-CT studies. 18F-FDG PET images were quantitatively investigated using 386 symmetricity features, and a pair-of-cube (PoC)-based Siamese convolutional neural network (CNN) was proposed for precise localization of epileptic focus, and then metabolic abnormality level of the predicted focus was calculated automatically by asymmetric index (AI). Performances of the proposed framework were compared with visual assessment, statistical parametric mapping (SPM) software, and Jensen-Shannon divergence-based logistic regression (JS-LR) analysis.

Results
The proposed deep learning framework could detect the epileptic foci accurately with the dice coefficient of 0.51, which was significantly higher than that of SPM (0.24, P < 0.01) and significantly (or marginally) higher than that of visual assessment (0.31–0.44, P = 0.005–0.27). The area under the curve (AUC) of the PoC classification was higher than that of the JS-LR (0.93 vs. 0.72). The metabolic level detection accuracy of the proposed method was significantly higher than that of visual assessment blinded or unblinded to clinical information (90% vs. 56% or 68%, P < 0.01).

Conclusion
The proposed deep learning framework for 18F-FDG PET imaging could identify epileptic foci accurately and efficiently, which might be applied as a computer-assisted approach for the future diagnosis of epilepsy patients.

Trial registration
NCT04169581. Registered November 13, 2019
Public site: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04169581
Maintaining Standards in Colorectal Cancer Surgery During the Global Pandemic: A Cohort Study
Authors: Merchant Julia , Lindsey Ian , James David , Symons Nick , Boyce Stephen , Jones Oliver , George Bruce , Cunningham Chris 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimCancer surgery in the COVID‐19 pandemic presents many new challenges. For each patient, the risk of contracting COVID‐19 during the perioperative period, with the potential for life‐threatening sequelae (1), has to be weighed against the risk of delaying treatment. We assessed the response and short‐term outcomes from elective colorectal cancer surgery during the pandemic at our institution.MethodWe report a prospective cohort study of all elective colorectal surgery cases performed at our Trust during the 11 weeks following the national UK lockdown on 23rd March 2020, compared with the same time period in 2019.ResultsEighty‐five colorectal operations were performed during the 2020 (COVID) time period, and 179 performed in the 2019 (non‐COVID) time period. A significantly higher proportion of cases during the COVID period were cancer‐related (66% vs 26%, p < 0.00001). There was no difference in length of hospital stay, complications or readmissions. There were no mortalities in either cohort. Among the cancer patients, there were no differences in TMN staging, R1 resection rate or lymph node yields. No elective patient tested positive for COVID‐19 during the perioperative period.ConclusionAt the height of the COVID pandemic, we maintained delivery the of high‐quality elective colorectal cancer surgery, with no worsening of short‐term outcomes and no compromise in the quality of cancer resections. Ongoing monitoring of this cohort is essential. The risks associated with COVID‐19 will continue for some time, necessitating adaptive responses to maintain high‐quality cancer services.
Effectiveness and safety of tacrolimus with or without eltrombopag, as a part of immunosuppressive treatment of aplastic anemia in adults: a retrospective case series
Authors: Martynova Anastasia , Chiu Victor , Mert Melissa , Hermel David , Weitz Ilene Ceil 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFirst-line treatment of aplastic anemia(AA) and for AA patients ineligible for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has consisted of antithymocyte globulin (ATG), the calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporine A (CsA), and more recently eltrombopag. However, at our institution, we have successfully substituted another calcineurin inhibitor, tacrolimus, as a part of immunosuppressive threatment (IST) for AA due to more favorable toxicity profile. Since there is limited data on the use of tacrolimus in aplastic anemia, we conducted a retrospective review of twenty patients treated with tacrolimus-based immunosuppressive therapy (IST) as a first- or second-line treatment. The overall response rate was comparable to that of patients treated with CsA (18 patients). However, there were no cutaneous side effects observed in patients receiving tacrolimus, a relatively common finding with CsA use. Our data suggest that tacrolimus-based IST is a potential option in AA and might have a more favorable toxicity profile compared to CsA.
Comorbidities in psoriatic arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Gupta Sonal , Syrimi Zoe , Hughes David M. , Zhao Sizheng Steven 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe aims of this systematic review and meta-analysis were to: (1) describe the prevalence of commonly reported comorbidities in psoriatic arthritis (PsA), (2) compare the incidence and/or prevalence of comorbidities between PsA and control populations; and (3) examine the impact of comorbidities on PsA outcomes. We systematically searched Medline, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science using a predefined protocol in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Studies reporting only one comorbidity, or a few closely related diseases within one organ system, were excluded. Where possible, meta-analysis was performed using random-effects models. We included 39 studies amounting to over 152 thousand PsA patients. We performed meta-analysis for the prevalence of 21 commonly reported comorbidities. The most prevalent comorbidities were hypertension (pooled prevalence 34%), metabolic syndrome (29%), obesity (27%), hyperlipidaemia (24%) and any cardiovascular diseases (19%). Eleven studies consistently showed higher prevalence of comorbidities in PsA than controls. Five studies showed that comorbid patients had more severe disease, poorer quality of life, and increased discontinuation of treatment. Comorbidities, particularly cardiometabolic disorders, were highly prevalent in PsA and more common than in healthy controls. Comorbidities were associated with adverse disease features, but more research is needed on their impact on longitudinal outcomes such as treatment response, work productivity and mortality.