bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Online learning in COVID-19 pandemic: an empirical study of Indian and Turkish higher education institutions
Authors: Churi Prathamesh , Mistry Kamal , Asad Muhammad Mujtaba , Dhiman Gaurav , Soni Mukesh , Kose Utku 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
Online learning is essential in today’s world. The COVID-19 has resulted in shutting down all the universities across the globe. Countries like India and Turkey (lower-income countries) are suffering a lot in giving the best classroom practice to their students through online mode. The entire way of teaching-learning has changed drastically, and it is a need of an hour. Research suggests that online learning has been shown to increase retention of information, and take less time, meaning the changes coronavirus have caused might be here to stay. It is therefore important to understand from student’s perspectives about learning online. The paper systematically surveys the perception of learning online for Indian and Turkan students.

Design/methodology/approach
To achieve this goal, 594 samples of students (from India and Turkey country) have been taken into considerations, and through statistical measures, the results were analyzed. The set of four research questions comprising of effect of study on COVID-19 pandemic, perception of learning online in COVID-19 pandemic, perception of different genders in learning online and perception of Indians over Turkan students in learning online were analyzed through statistical measures such as mean, standard deviation and so on.

Findings
The descriptive statistics of various responses across various dimensions (gender, country) reveals that there is no effect in learning online as compared to classroom-based teaching. On the other hand, there is no significant difference in gender and country in learning online.

Originality/value
Online learning has become crucial in higher education as far as pandemic situation is concerned. Many higher education institutions across different countries are suffering various problems from student point of view. Middle-income countries who are with limited assets and less advancements in higher education need to adhere to certain guidelines in online learning. This empirical study will help to understand the perception of students in online learning across India and Turkey.
Predicting the competitive interactions and trophic niche consequences of a globally invasive fish with threatened native species
Authors: Dominguez Almela Victoria , South Josie , Britton J. Robert 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNovel trophic interactions between invasive and native species potentially increase levels of interspecific competition in the receiving environment. However, theory on the trophic impacts of invasive fauna on native competitors is ambiguous, as while increased interspecific competition can result in the species having constricted and diverged trophic niches, the species might instead increase their niche sizes, especially in omnivorous species.The competitive interactions between an omnivorous invasive fish, common carpCyprinus carpio, and a tropically analogous native and threatened fish, crucian carpCarassius carassius, were tested using comparative functional responses (CFRs). A natural pond experiment then presented the species in allopatry and sympatry, determining the changes in their trophic (isotopic) niche sizes and positions over 4 years. These predictive approaches were complemented by assessing their trophic relationships in wild populations.Comparative functional responses revealed that compared to crucian carp, carp had a significantly higher maximum consumption rate. Coupled with a previous cohabitation growth study, these results predicted that competition between the species is asymmetric, with carp the superior competitor.The pond experiment used stable isotope metrics to quantify shifts in the trophic (isotopic) niche sizes of the fishes. In allopatry, the isotopic niches of the two species were similar sized and diverged. Conversely, in sympatry, carp isotopic niches were always considerably larger than those of crucian carp and were strongly partitioned. Sympatric crucian carp had larger isotopic niches than allopatric conspecifics, a likely response to asymmetric competition from carp. However, carp isotopic niches were also larger in sympatry than allopatry. In the wild populations, the carp isotopic niches were always larger than crucian carp niches, and were highly divergent.The superior competitive abilities of carp predicted in aquaria experiments were considered to be a process involved in sympatric crucian carp having larger isotopic niches than in allopatry. However, as sympatric carp also had larger niches than in allopatry, this suggests other ecological processes were also likely to be involved, such as those relating to fish prey resources. These results highlight the inherent complexity in determining how omnivorous invasive species integrate into food webs and alter their structure.
The spatial–temporal relationship of blue‐winged teal to domestic poultry: Movement state modelling of a highly mobile avian influenza host
Authors: Humphreys John M. , Douglas David C. , Ramey Andrew M. , Mullinax Jennifer M. , Soos Catherine , Link Paul , Walther Patrick , Prosser Diann J. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Migratory waterfowl facilitate long‐distance dispersal of zoonotic pathogens and are increasingly recognized as contributing to the geographic spread of avian influenza viruses (AIVs). AIVs are globally distributed and have the potential to produce highly contagious poultry disease, economically impact both large‐scale and backyard poultry producers, and raise the spectre of epidemics and pandemics in human populations.

Because migratory waterfowl behaviour varies across multiple spatial and temporal scales, the timing and distribution of wild bird AIV introductions to poultry are also heterogeneous in time and space. To help reduce economic impacts to the poultry industry and enable poultry producers to better anticipate when and where poultry outbreaks may occur, it is critically important to consider the movement ecology of the waterfowl species transporting and transmitting AIVs.

We used telemetry for a geographically widespread and common AIV host, blue‐winged teal Spatula discors (BWTE), to model reservoir host movement states with respect to backyard and commercial poultry facilities in the United States. Our modelling framework enabled us to estimate wild bird proximity to poultry facilities while concurrently assessing the influence of poultry facilities on BWTE movement state transition. Our primary objective was to estimate the likelihood of duck and poultry overlap by estimating when and where BWTE were geographically closest to poultry.

Synthesis and applications. Migratory waterfowl facilitate dispersal of the avian influenza viruses that cause highly contagious poultry disease. Movement analysis of blue‐winged teal indicates that spatio‐temporal overlap between wild birds and poultry facilities varies by season, the poultry type produced (e.g. turkey, chicken) and if the facility is a commercial or backyard operation. These findings are broadly applicable to disease ecology research and can be applied by poultry producers to improve biosecurity, enhance poultry management and prioritize disease surveillance efforts.
Interspecific interactions regulate plant reproductive allometry in cereal–legume intercropping systems
Authors: Gaudio Noémie , Violle Cyrille , Gendre Xavier , Fort Florian , Mahmoud Rémi , Pelzer Elise , Médiène Safia , Hauggaard‐Nielsen Henrik , Bedoussac Laurent , Bonnet Catherine , Corre‐Hellou Guénaëlle , Couëdel Antoine , Hinsinger Philippe , Steen Jensen Erik , Journet Etienne‐Pascal , Justes Eric , Kammoun Bochra , Litrico Isabelle , Moutier Nathalie , Naudin Christophe , Casadebaig Pierre 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Calls for the application of ecological principles in agriculture have gained momentum. Intercropping systems are designed by growing two, or more, annual crop species in the same field, aiming for a better resource use efficiency. However, assembly rules for their design are lacking. Notably, it is unknown whether species performances are maximized during both the vegetative and reproductive phases given the sensitivity of reproductive allocation rules to resource limitation. Interestingly, ecological theory provides expectations regarding putative invariance of plant reproductive allometry (PRA) under non‐limiting conditions for plant growth. Here we examined whether and how PRA changes in response to plant–plant interactions in intercropping systems, which can inform both ecological theory and the understanding of the functioning of intercropping systems.

We analysed a dataset of 28 field cereal–legume intercropping trials from various climatic and management conditions across Western Europe. PRA was quantified in both mixing and single‐species situations.

Plant reproductive allometry was positively impacted in specific management conditions, leading to a greater increase in yield for a given increase in plant size. Variations in PRA were more beneficial to legumes grown in unfertilized mixtures, which explains their use as a key component in actual intercropping systems. The response for cereals was similar but less pronounced in magnitude, and was greater under resource‐limiting conditions. Focusing on intercropping conditions, hierarchical competition (indicated by biomass difference between intercropped species) appears as a strong driver of the reproductive output of a given species.

Synthesis and applications. Plant reproductive allometry (PRA) behaves in crop species in the same way as it does in wild species. However, contrary to theoretical expectations about an overall invariance of PRA, we highlighted taxon‐specific and context‐dependent effects of plant–plant interactions on PRA. This systematic deviation to PRA expectations could be leveraged to cultivate each species up to its reproductive optimum while accounting for the performance of the other, whether farmer's objective is to favour one species or to reach an equilibrium in seed production. Sowing density and cultivar choice could regulate the biomass of each component, with specific targets derived from allometric relationships, aiming for an optimal reproductive allocation in mixtures.
Functional dissection of the phosphotransferase system provides insight into the prevalence of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in the host intestinal environment
Authors: Kang Deborah , Ham Hyeong‐In , Lee Seung‐Hwan , Cho Yong‐Joon , Kim Yeon‐Ran , Yoon Chang‐Kyu , Seok Yeong‐Jae 
Published: July 2021

SummaryFaecalibacterium prausnitzii is a dominant member of healthy human colon microbiota, regarded as a beneficial gut bacterium due to its ability to produce anti‐inflammatory substances. However, little is known about how F. prausnitzii utilizes the nutrients present in the human gut, influencing its prevalence in the host intestinal environment. The phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP):carbohydrate phosphotransferase system (PTS) is a widely distributed and highly efficient carbohydrate transport system found in most bacterial species that catalyses the simultaneous phosphorylation and import of cognate carbohydrates; its components play physiological roles through interaction with other regulatory proteins. Here, we performed a systematic analysis of the 16 genes encoding putative PTS components (2 enzyme I, 2 HPr, and 12 enzyme II components) in F. prausnitzii A2‐165. We identified the general PTS components responsible for the PEP‐dependent phosphotransfer reaction and the sugar‐specific PTS components involved in the transport of two carbohydrates, N‐acetylglucosamine and fructose, among five enzyme II complexes. We suggest that the dissection of the functional PTS in F. prausnitzii may help to understand how this species outcompetes other bacterial species in the human intestine.
Proximity‐based screening tools and credit rationing: Lessons from a Cameroonian greenfield microfinance institution
Authors: Tchakoute Tchuigoua Hubert 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe link between relationship‐based lending and credit availability has been extensively studied in the banking sector. However, in the context of microfinance, academic evidence of the benefits of proximity‐based lending methodologies for borrowers is scarce. The existing literature stresses only the benefits for microlenders and the effect on loan repayment performance. Therefore, this study investigates whether proximity‐based lending—joint liability contracts (group lending) and relationship‐based lending (relationship intensity, multiple‐borrowing, and proximity)—improves credit availability and therefore curbs credit rationing. Since loans are processed by loan officers, the benefit of applying proximity screening tools likely depends on loan officer characteristics, especially gender. To achieve our objective, we use a unique loan‐level dataset of over 5500 loans approved between 2007 and 2012 by a Cameroonian greenfield microfinance institution and estimate a pooled OLS regression after controlling for borrowers’ characteristics, year and industry fixed effects. The findings suggest that proximity‐based lending methodologies limit credit rationing especially by male loan officers, and that multi‐relationship borrowers tend to be more credit rationed. Our findings also suggest that both types of proximity‐based lending are complementary. Finally, our results are less sensitive to a change in the credit rationing measurement.
Truncating Optimism
Authors: KAPLAN ZACHARY , MARTIN XIUMIN , XIE YIFANG 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTConsensus estimates, formed by taking an average of analyst forecasts, play an important role in capital markets (e.g., provide investors with a proxy for earnings expectations). We show I/B/E/S, a prominent information intermediary, removes 6% of one‐quarter‐ahead earnings forecasts before calculating the consensus, and among the 23% of firm‐quarters with at least one forecast removed, this figure rises to 16%. We provide evidence suggesting that I/B/E/S subjectively applies policies that govern its removal decisions and accepts feedback from firms that contributes to this subjectivity. Specifically, we find optimistic forecasts are removed more frequently than pessimistic forecasts, and such asymmetry increases further when removals allow firms to meet or beat the consensus. Furthermore, we find that these effects are more pronounced when managers’ incentives to just meet or beat the consensus are stronger (i.e., higher subsequent insider sales or higher compensation delta), or managers have greater ability to influence I/B/E/S. Lastly, we demonstrate that these subjective removals benefit I/B/E/S by improving consensus accuracy, explaining why I/B/E/S is willing to be influenced by firms.
Using Google Earth Engine to Assess Temporal and Spatial Changes in River Geomorphology and Riparian Vegetation
Authors: Pu Ge , Quackenbush Lindi J. , Stehman Stephen V. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe developed a new approach using a cloud‐based remote sensing and geospatial analysis platform, Google Earth Engine, to quantify temporal changes in river channel location and adjacent riparian vegetation extent and fraction. Our new method uses publicly available 1 m aerial images and eliminates manual processing need by incorporating an automatic image classification algorithm. Classification of riparian vegetation is enhanced by increasing the temporal resolution to monthly and by mapping vegetation at high spatial resolution. We illustrate the application of our method by characterizing temporal and spatial trends in riparian vegetation and river channel position for the mainstem of the Genesee River, New York, from 2006 to 2015. Annual change in riparian vegetation extent along the Genesee River ranged from a loss of 17% to a gain of 13%, and 64 km (28%) of the river demonstrated channel migration across consecutive aerial images. Our method also successfully distinguished differences between sections of the river above and below a dam. The enhanced capacity to map vegetation monthly allowed us to identify that seasonal active vegetation fractions along the Genesee River peaked at 75% in the summer and remained lower than 25% in winter. Our method allows stakeholders and managers to process remotely sensed imagery and investigate trends in river channel and riparian vegetation dynamics over time, while reducing the costs of data processing and storage.
Use of hydroxyethyl starch in sepsis research: A systematic review with meta‐analysis
Authors: Johansen Jes R. , Perner Anders , Brodtkorb Julie H. , Møller Morten H. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundAfter being used for more than a decade the use of hydroxyethyl starch (HES) 130/0.38–0.45 in clinical practice was discouraged because of serious adverse events including bleeding, acute kidney injury and death. But could these adverse effects have been discovered sooner? By comparing the summary effect estimates of the adverse effects of HES 130/0.38–0.45 in different study designs we aimed to disclose any signal of this.MethodsWe systematically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Library and hand‐searched the reference lists of relevant studies to identify studies for inclusion. Eligible trials were randomised clinical trials (RCTs) and observational studies in patients with sepsis and randomised trials in animals with induced sepsis comparing HES 130/0.38–0.45 to any type of crystalloid. Relevant outcomes were all‐cause mortality at longest follow‐up, renal replacement therapy (RRT), acute kidney injury (AKI) and bleeding. We extracted data, conducted conventional meta‐analyses and assessed the risk of bias and the quality of evidence.ResultsWe included 8 RCTs including 3,273 patients, 1 observational study including 379 patients and 5 randomised animal trials including 94 test animals. There was no suggestion of interaction in subgroup analyses comparing the different study designs for any outcomes (all‐cause mortality at longest follow‐up p = .33; RRT p = .70; AKI p = .63; bleeding p = .20).ConclusionsWe observed no interaction between the summary effect estimates of RCTs, observational studies in patients and randomised animal trials for any of the outcomes. Accordingly, we found no evidence indicating that the adverse effects of HES 130/0.38–0.45 could have been discovered sooner.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO ID: CRD42018103422.ProtocolJohansen JR, Perner A, Brodtkorb JH, Møller MH. Use of hydroxyethyl starch in sepsis research: Protocol for a systematic review. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2019;63:814–818. https://doi.org/10.1111/aas.13345
Handling oxygenation targets in ICU patients with COVID‐19—Protocol and statistical analysis plan in the HOT‐COVID trial
Authors: Mølgaard Nielsen Frederik , Lass Klitgaard Thomas , Crescioli Elena , Rosborg Aagaard Søren , Andreasen Anne Sofie , Musaeus Poulsen Lone , Siegemund Martin , Craveiro Brøchner Anne , Bestle Morten H. , Andi Iversen Susanne , Brand Björn A. , Laake Jon Henrik , Grøfte Thorbjørn , Hildebrandt Thomas , Lange Theis , Perner Anders , Lilleholt Schjørring Olav , Steen Rasmussen Bodil 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundCoronavirus disease (COVID‐19) primarily affects the lungs and lower airways and may present as hypoxaemic respiratory failure requiring admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) for supportive treatment. Here, supplemental oxygen remains essential for COVID‐19 patient management, but the optimal dosage is not defined. We hypothesize that targeting an arterial partial pressure of oxygen of 8 kPa throughout ICU admission is superior to targeting 12 kPa.MethodsThe Handling Oxygenation Targets in ICU patients with COVID‐19 (HOT‐COVID) trial, is an investigator‐initiated, pragmatic, multicentre, randomized, parallel‐group trial comparing a lower oxygenation target versus a higher oxygenation target in adult ICU patients with COVID‐19. The primary outcome is days alive without life‐support (use of mechanical ventilation, renal replacement therapy or vasoactive therapy) at day 90. Secondary outcomes are 90‐day and 1‐year mortality, serious adverse events in the ICU and days alive and out of hospital in the 90‐day period, health‐related quality‐of‐life at 1 year, and health economic analyses. One‐year follow‐up of cognitive and pulmonary function is planned in a subgroup of Danish patients. We will include 780 patients to detect or reject an absolute increase in days alive without life‐support of 7 days with an α of 5% and a β of 20%. An interim analysis is planned after 90‐day follow‐up of 390 patients.ConclusionsThe HOT‐COVID trial will provide patient‐important data on the effect of two oxygenation targets in ICU patients with COVID‐19 and hypoxia. This protocol paper describes the background, design and statistical analysis plan for the trial.
Clinical practice guideline on the management of septic shock and sepsis‐associated organ dysfunction in children: Endorsement by the Scandinavian Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine
Authors: Rehn Marius , Chew Michelle S. , Olkkola Klaus T. , Sigurðsson Martin Ingi , Yli‐Hankala Arvi , Møller Morten Hylander 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe Clinical Practice Committee of the Scandinavian Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine endorses the clinical practice guideline Surviving Sepsis Campaign International Guidelines for the Management of Septic Shock and Sepsis‐Associated Organ Dysfunction in Children. The guideline can serve as a useful decision aid for clinicians managing children with suspected and confirmed septic shock and sepsis‐associated organ dysfunction.
Pain in children undergoing tonsillotomy with alternating ibuprofen and paracetamol ‐ a prospective observational study
Authors: Gude Philipp , Geldermann Niclas , Georgevici Adrian I. , Herzog‐Niescery Jennifer , Weber Thomas Peter , Vogelsang Heike , Dazert Stefan , van Ackeren Konstantin , Volkenstein Stefan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe optimal pain therapy for children undergoing tonsillotomy remains unknown. Our aim was to evaluate a standard pain therapy including the alternating application of ibuprofen and paracetamol.MethodsPain intensity of 81 in‐patients after tonsillotomy aged 2–12 years was evaluated three times daily (mean observation 3.85 days) using the Children's and Infants’ Postoperative Pain Scale (CHIPPS) in children <5 years, or with the Faces Pain Scale‐Revised (FPS‐R) in older children. Parents completed the Parents’ Postoperative Pain Measure (PPPM‐D) in addition. Exceeding the cut‐off value in one of the scores implied the indication for an opioid rescue medication (RM). Endpoints were number of children with indication for the RM, course of pain, concordance between pain scales, and adverse events.ResultsOverall, 45.7% of children needed the RM either in the recovery room or on the ward. The rate of children having an indication for RM on the ward was 30.9%. The highest proportion of affected children was identified on the day of surgery (32.1%). Most indications were detected with the PPPM‐D only. A comparison with an earlier study showed less affected children compared to ibuprofen monotherapy on the day of surgery and the first postoperative day. Eleven children (13.6%) developed fever.ConclusionAlthough our pain therapy concept was effective from postoperative day 1 onwards, it needs improvement for the day of surgery. The overall concordance between the PPPM‐D and CHIPPS or FPS‐R was low. Fever might be a confounder for the pain intensity measurement with the PPPM‐D.