bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social dominance and rainfall predict telomere dynamics in a cooperative arid‐zone bird
Authors: Wood Emma M. , Capilla‐Lasheras Pablo , Cram Dominic L. , Walker Lindsay A. , York Jenny E. , Lange Anke , Hamilton Patrick B. , Tyler Charles R. , Young Andrew J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn many vertebrate societies dominant individuals breed at substantially higher rates than subordinates, but whether this hastens ageing remains poorly understood. While frequent reproduction may trade off against somatic maintenance, the extraordinary fecundity and longevity of some social insect queens highlight that breeders need not always suffer more rapid somatic deterioration than their nonbreeding subordinates. Here, we used extensive longitudinal assessments of telomere dynamics to investigate the impact of dominance status on within‐individual age‐related changes in somatic integrity in a wild social bird, the white‐browed sparrow‐weaver (Plocepasser mahali). Dominant birds, who monopolise reproduction, had neither shorter telomeres nor faster telomere attrition rates over the long‐term (1–5 years) than their subordinates. However, over shorter (half‐year) time intervals dominants with shorter telomeres showed lower rates of telomere attrition (and evidence suggestive of telomere lengthening), while the same was not true among subordinates. Dominants may therefore invest more heavily in telomere length regulation (and/or somatic maintenance more broadly); a strategy that could mitigate the long‐term costs of reproductive effort, leaving their long‐term telomere dynamics comparable to those of subordinates. Consistent with the expectation that reproduction entails short‐term costs to somatic integrity, telomere attrition rates were most severe for all birds during the breeding seasons of wetter years (rainfall is the key driver of reproductive activity in this arid‐zone species). Our findings suggest that, even in vertebrate societies in which dominants monopolise reproduction, dominants may experience long‐term somatic integrity trajectories indistinguishable from those of their nonreproductive subordinates.
Vegetative phase change in Populus tremula × alba
Authors: Lawrence Erica H. , Leichty Aaron R. , Doody Erin E. , Ma Cathleen , Strauss Steven H. , Poethig R. Scott 
Published: March 2021

Summary

Plants transition through juvenile and adult phases of vegetative development in a process known as vegetative phase change (VPC). In poplars (genus Populus) the differences between these stages are subtle, making it difficult to determine when this transition occurs. Previous studies of VPC in poplars have relied on plants propagated in vitro, leaving the natural progression of this process unknown.

We examined developmental morphology of seed‐grown and in vitro derived Populus tremula × alba (clone 717‐1B4), and compared the phenotype of these to transgenics with manipulated miR156 expression, the master regulator of VPC.

In seed‐grown plants, most traits changed from node‐to‐node during the first 3 months of development but remained constant after node 25. Many traits remained unchanged in clones over‐expressing miR156, or were enhanced when miR156 was lowered, demonstrating their natural progression is regulated by the miR156/SPL pathway. The characteristic leaf fluttering of Populus is one of these miR156‐regulated traits.

Vegetative development in plants grown from culture mirrored that of seed‐grown plants, allowing direct comparison between plants often used in research and those found in nature. These results provide a foundation for further research on the role of VPC in the ecology and evolution of this economically important genus.
LINC00460 facilitated tongue squamous cell carcinoma progression via the miR‐320b/IGF2BP3 axis
Authors: Wu Kankui , Wang Xiaowei , Yu Huiming , Yu Zhifen , Wang Dazhao , Xu Xiaohong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to explore the role of long intergenic non‐protein coding RNA 460 (LINC00460) in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC).MethodsWe enrolled 27 TSCC patients to explore LINC00460 expression in clinical TSCC samples. RT‐qPCR measured expression of molecules in this research. Loss‐of‐function assays explored biological function of LINC00460 in TSCC cells. RNA pull‐down assay, luciferase reporter assay, and RIP assay investigated mechanism of LINC00460 underlying TSCC cells.ResultsTSCC tissues and cell lines both showed high expression of LINC00460. Functionally, LINC00460 downregulation inhibited TSCC cell growth and promoted TSCC cell apoptosis. Additionally, LINC00460 silencing suppressed tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, LINC00460 bound with microRNA 320b (miR‐320b) in TSCC cells. MiR‐320b overexpression suppressed TSCC cell growth and promoted TSCC cell apoptosis. Moreover miR‐320b targeted insulin‐like growth factor 2 mRNA‐binding protein 3 (IGF2BP3) 3′untranslated region in TSCC cells. Furthermore, IGF2BP3 silencing suppressed TSCC cell growth and promoted TSCC cell apoptosis. IGF2BP3 upregulation countervailed effects of silenced LINC00460 on TSCC cells. The LINC00460/miR‐320b/IGF2BP3 axis was associated with lymph node metastasis of TSCC patients.ConclusionOur research illustrated that LINC00460 facilitated TSCC progression via the miR‐320b/IGF2BP3 axis, highlighting a potential insight for the treatment of TSCC.
Diagnostic and therapeutic caveats in Griscelli syndrome
Authors: Castaño‐Jaramillo Lina‐Maria , Lugo‐Reyes Saul O. , Cruz Muñoz Mario E. , Scheffler‐Mendoza Selma C. , Duran McKinster Carola , Yamazaki‐Nakashimada Marco A. , Espinosa‐Padilla Sara E. , Saez‐de‐Ocariz Gutierrez Maria del Mar 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGriscelli syndrome (GS) is a rare autosomal recessive disease with characteristic pigment distribution, and there are currently 3 types according to the underlying genetic defect and clinical features. We present the case of a girl born from consanguineous parents who presented with predominant neurologic symptoms, silvery hair and granulomatous skin lesions. Cerebral magnetic resonance revealed diffuse white matter lesions, and central nervous system (CNS) lymphocytic infiltration was suspected. The patient underwent haematopoietic stem cell transplantation with graft failure and autologous reconstitution. She developed elevated liver enzyme with a cholestatic pattern. Multiple liver biopsies revealed centrilobular cholestasis and unspecific portal inflammation that improved with immunomodulatory treatment. She was revealed to have an impaired cytotoxicity in NK cells and a decreased expression of RAB27A. However, no variants were found in the gene. All types of GS present with pigment dilution and irregular pigment clumps that can be seen through light microscopy in hair and skin biopsy. Dermic granulomas and immunodeficiency with infectious and HLH predisposition have been described in GS type 2 (GS2). Neurologic alterations might be seen in GS type 1 (GS1) and GS type 2 (GS2), due to different mechanisms. GS1 presents with neurologic impairment secondary to myosin Va role in neuronal development and synapsis. Meanwhile, GS2 can present with neurologic impairment secondary to SNC HLH. Clinical features and cytotoxicity might aid in differentiating GS1 and GS2, especially since treatment differs.
Deep crustal structure in the Taiwan–Ryukyu arc–trench system junction area: New constraints from gravity modelling
Authors: Doo Wen‐Bin , Wu Wen‐Nan , Huang Yin‐Sheng , Lo Chung‐Liang , Wang Hsueh‐Fen , Wang Shiou‐Ya , Kuo‐Chen Hao 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe Taiwan–Ryukyu arc–trench junction area is a seismic active region and has high potential to generate large earthquakes. However, the detailed deep structures are not fully revealed because of data resolution problems. The Taiwan Integrated Geodynamic Research (TAIGER) project collected two wide‐angle and multichannel seismic profiles across the Taiwan mountain belt (T5) and the western end of the Ryukyu arc–trench system (T6). In this study, we perform 2‐D gravity modelling for T5 and T6 by taking advantage of well‐constrained P‐wave velocity models, which helps to reduce the nonunique problem. To better fit the observed gravity anomaly, a block with relatively high‐density must exist beneath eastern Taiwan. This high‐density material could be serpentinised mantle, which may be resulted from the dehydration of the subducting Eurasian plate. Also, our result indicates that the subducting Gagua Ridge has a deep crustal root and extends northward to the Ryukyu forearc area.
Validity and Interinstrument Reliability of a Medical Grade Physical Activity Monitor in Older Adults
Authors: O’Brien Myles W. , Wojcik William R. , Fowles Jonathon R. 
Published: March 2021

Wearable physical activity monitors are associated with an increase in user’s habitual physical activity levels. Most of the older adult population do not meet the national moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) recommendations and may benefit from being prescribed a physical activity monitor. The PiezoRx is a class one medical grade device that uses step rate thresholds to measure MVPA. The validity and reliability of the PiezoRx in measuring MVPA has yet to be determined in older persons. We assessed the validity and interinstrument reliability of the PiezoRx to measure steps and MVPA in older adults. Participants (n = 19; 68.8 ± 2.3 years) wore an Omron HJ-320 pedometer, ActiGraph GT3X accelerometer, and four PiezoRx monitors during a five-stage treadmill walking protocol. The PiezoRx devices were set at moderate physical activity and vigorous physical activity step rate thresholds (steps per minute) of 100/120, 110/130, adjusted for height and adjusted for height + fitness. The PiezoRx exhibited a stronger correlation (intraclass correlation coefficient = .82) with manually counted steps than the ActiGraph (intraclass correlation coefficient = .53) and Omron (intraclass correlation coefficient = .54) and had a low absolute percentage error (3 ± 6%). The PiezoRx with moderate physical activity/vigorous physical activity step thresholds adjusted to 110/130 was strongly correlated to indirect calorimetry (0.84, p < .001) and best distinguished each walking stage as MVPA or not (sensitivity: 88%; specificity: 95%). The PiezoRx monitor is a valid and reliable measure of step count and MVPA among older adults. The device’s ability to measure MVPA in absolute terms was improved when step rate thresholds for moderate physical activity/vigorous physical activity were increased to 110/130 steps per minute in this population.
The Effects of Gluteal Strength and Activation on the Relationship Between Femoral Alignment and Functional Valgus Collapse During a Single-Leg Landing
Authors: Hogg Jennifer A. , Ackerman Terry , Nguyen Anh-Dung , Ross Scott E. , Schmitz Randy J. , Vanrenterghem Jos , Shultz Sandra J. 
Published: March 2021

Context: A bias toward femoral internal rotation is a potential precursor to functional valgus collapse. The gluteal muscles may play a critical role in mitigating these effects. Objective: Determine the extent to which gluteal strength and activation mediate associations between femoral alignment measures and functional valgus collapse. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Forty-five females (age = 20.1 [1.7] y; height = 165.2 [7.6] cm; weight = 68.6 [13.1] kg) and 45 males (age = 20.8 [2.0] y; height = 177.5 [8.7] cm; weight = 82.7 [16.5] kg), healthy for 6 months prior. Intervention(s): Femoral alignment was measured prone. Hip-extension and abduction strength were obtained using a handheld dynamometer. Three-dimensional biomechanics and surface electromyography were obtained during single-leg forward landings. Main Outcome Measures: Forward stepwise multiple linear regressions determined the influence of femoral alignment on functional valgus collapse and the mediating effects of gluteus maximus and medius strength and activation. Results: In females, less hip abduction strength predicted greater peak hip adduction angle (R2 change = .10; P = .02), and greater hip-extensor activation predicted greater peak knee internal rotation angle (R2 change = .14; P = .01). In males, lesser hip abduction strength predicted smaller peak knee abduction moment (R2 change = .11; P = .03), and the combination of lesser hip abduction peak torque and lesser gluteus medius activation predicted greater hip internal rotation angle (R2 change = .15; P = .04). No meaningful mediation effects were observed (υadj < .01). Conclusions: In females, after accounting for femoral alignment, less gluteal strength and higher muscle activation were marginally associated with valgus movement. In males, less gluteal strength was associated with a more varus posture. Gluteal strength did not mediate femoral alignment. Future research should determine the capability of females to use their strength efficiently.
Mid-Miocene volcanic migration in the westernmost Sunda arc induced by India-Eurasia collision
Authors: Lai Yu-Ming , Chung Sun-Lin , Ghani Azman A. , Murtadha Sayed , Lee Hao-Yang , Chu Mei-Fei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe migration of arc magmatism that is a fundamental aspect of plate tectonics may reflect the complex interaction between subduction zone processes and regional tectonics. Here we report new observations on volcanic migration from northwestern Sumatra, in the westernmost Sunda arc, characterized by an oblique convergent boundary between the Indo-Australian and Eurasian plates. Our study indicates that in northwestern Sumatra, volcanism ceased at 15–10 Ma on the southern coast and reignited to form a suite of active volcanoes that erupt exclusively to the north of the trench-parallel Sumatran fault. Younger volcanic rocks from the north are markedly more enriched in K2O and other highly incompatible elements, delineating a geochemical variation over space and time similar to that in Java and reflecting an increase in the Benioff zone depth. We relate this mid-Miocene volcanic migration in northwestern Sumatra to the far-field effect of propagating extrusion tectonics driven by the India-Eurasia collision. The extrusion caused regional deformation southward through Myanmar to northwestern Sumatra and thus transformed the oblique subduction into a dextral motion–governed plate boundary. This tectonic transformation, associated with opening of the Andaman Sea, is suggested to be responsible for the volcanic migration in northwestern Sumatra.
Combining perennial grass–legume forages and liquid dairy manure contributes to nitrogen accumulation in a clayey soil
Authors: D’Amours Emmanuelle , Chantigny Martin H. , Vanasse Anne , Maillard Émilie , Lafond Jean , Angers Denis A. 
Published: March 2021

Repeated applications of liquid dairy manure (LDM) and perennial crops generally favor nitrogen (N) stocks in soils, but in ways that may differ with soil type and other management practices. The objective of this study was to assess the long-term (21 yr) changes in soil N stocks (0–50 cm) of a silty clay soil, in a cool humid climate, in response to mineral fertilization (MIN) or LDM, combined with two tillage practices [chisel plow (CP), or moldboard plow (MP)], and two crop rotations [cereal monoculture (monoculture) or cereal–perennial forage rotation (forage-based rotation)]. The forage-based rotation favoured a greater accumulation of N in the first 20 cm of soil (+50 kg N·ha−1·yr−1) when compared with the monoculture. Tillage practices did not impact N stocks in the whole soil profile, but influenced its vertical distribution, with greater accumulation at the surface with CP, and at depth with MP. Annual input of LDM increased N stocks at the surface (0–20 cm) compared with MIN, especially when combined with the forage-based rotation. After 21 yr, soil N stocks (0–50 cm) with LDM were 32% (+2 t N·ha−1) higher in the forage-based rotation than in the monoculture, suggesting better retention and more efficient use of manure-N with perennial forages than cereals. Comparisons between the N mass balance computed for each cropping system, and the changes in soil N stocks indicated that accumulation of N under the forage-based rotation was largely due to symbiotic fixation by legumes in the forage mixture.
Degradation of Reactive Blue 19 (RB19) by a Green Process Based on Peroxymonocarbonate Oxidation System
Authors: Nguyen Thi Bich Viet , Nguyen-Bich Ngan , Vu Ngoc Duy , Ho Phuong Hien , Nguyen Thi Hanh 
Published: March 2021

The effectiveness of peroxymonocarbonate (

HCO

4
−

) on the degradation of Reactive Blue 19 (RB19) textile dye was investigated in this study. The formation kinetics of

HCO

4
−

produced in situ in a

H

2

O

2

−

HCO

3
−

system was studied to control the experimental conditions for the investigation of RB19 degradation at mild conditions. The effects of metallic ion catalysts, the pH, the input

HCO

3
−

and Co2+ concentrations, and UV irradiation were studied. The obtained result showed that Co2+ ion gave the highest efficiency on accelerating the rate of RB19 degradation by the H2O2–

HCO

3
−

system. In the pH range of 7–10, the higher pH values resulted in faster dye degradation. The reaction orders of the RB19 degradation with respect to Co2+ and HCO3– were determined to be 1.2 and 1.7, respectively. The UV irradiation remarkably enhanced the radical formation in the oxidation system, which led to high degradation efficiencies. The COD, TOC removal, and HPLC results clearly revealed complete mineralization of RB19 by the

H

2

O

2

−

HCO

3
−

−
Co

2
+

system.
Current Best Practice for Presenting Probabilities in Patient Decision Aids: Fundamental Principles
Authors: Bonner Carissa , Trevena Lyndal J. , Gaissmaier Wolfgang , Han Paul K. J. , Okan Yasmina , Ozanne Elissa , Peters Ellen , Timmermans Daniëlle , Zikmund-Fisher Brian J. 
Published: March 2021

Background Shared decision making requires evidence to be conveyed to the patient in a way they can easily understand and compare. Patient decision aids facilitate this process. This article reviews the current evidence for how to present numerical probabilities within patient decision aids. Methods Following the 2013 review method, we assembled a group of 9 international experts on risk communication across Australia, Germany, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and the United States. We expanded the topics covered in the first review to reflect emerging areas of research. Groups of 2 to 3 authors reviewed the relevant literature based on their expertise and wrote each section before review by the full authorship team. Results Of 10 topics identified, we present 5 fundamental issues in this article. Although some topics resulted in clear guidance (presenting the chance an event will occur, addressing numerical skills), other topics (context/evaluative labels, conveying uncertainty, risk over time) continue to have evolving knowledge bases. We recommend presenting numbers over a set time period with a clear denominator, using consistent formats between outcomes and interventions to enable unbiased comparisons, and interpreting the numbers for the reader to meet the needs of varying numeracy. Discussion Understanding how different numerical formats can bias risk perception will help decision aid developers communicate risks in a balanced, comprehensible manner and avoid accidental “nudging” toward a particular option. Decisions between probability formats need to consider the available evidence and user skills. The review may be useful for other areas of science communication in which unbiased presentation of probabilities is important.
Bone Marrow Stimulation for Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus: Are Clinical Outcomes Maintained 10 Years Later?
Authors: Park Jae Han , Park Kwang Hwan , Cho Jae Yong , Han Seung Hwan , Lee Jin Woo 
Published: March 2021

Background: Arthroscopic bone marrow stimulation (BMS) is considered the first-line treatment for osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLTs). However, the long-term stability of the clinical success of BMS remains unclear. Purpose: To investigate the long-term clinical outcomes among patients who underwent BMS for OLT and to identify prognostic factors for the need for revision surgery. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 202 ankles (189 patients) that were treated with BMS for OLT and had a minimum follow-up of 10 years. The visual analog scale for pain, American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society ankle-hindfoot score, and the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) were assessed by repeated measures analysis of variance. Prognostic factors associated with revision surgery were evaluated with Cox proportional hazard regression models and log-rank tests. Results: The mean lesion size was 105.32 mm2 (range, 19.75-322.79); 42 ankles (20.8%) had large lesions (≥150 mm2). The mean visual analog scale for pain improved from 7.11 ± 1.73 (mean ± SD) preoperatively to 1.44 ± 1.52, 1.46 ± 1.57, and 1.99 ± 1.67 at 1, 3 to 6, and ≥10 years, respectively, after BMS ( P < .001). The mean ankle-hindfoot score also improved, from 58.22 ± 13.57 preoperatively to 86.88 ± 10.61, 86.17 ± 10.23, and 82.76 ± 11.65 at 1, 3 to 6, and ≥10 years after BMS ( P < .001). The FAOS at the final follow-up was 82.97 ± 13.95 for pain, 81.81 ± 14.64 for symptoms, 83.49 ± 11.04 for activities of daily living, 79.34 ± 11.61 for sports, and 78.71 ± 12.42 for quality of life. Twelve ankles underwent revision surgery after a mean 53.5 months. Significant prognostic factors associated with revision surgery were the size of the lesion (preoperative magnetic resonance imaging measurement ≥150 mm2; P = .014) and obesity (body mass index ≥25; P = .009). Conclusion: BMS for OLT yields satisfactory clinical outcomes at a mean follow-up of 13.9 years. The success of the surgery may depend on the lesion size and body mass index of the patient.
Analysis of association of risk factors for age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Bucan Kajo , Lukic Marko , Bosnar Damir , Kopic Andrijana , Jukic Tomislav , Konjevoda Suzana , Glavadanovic Sergio , Gverovic Antunica Antonela 
Published: March 2021

Purpose: To evaluate the significance of risk factors and analyze their interrelationship in developing age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Materials and design: This is a multicenter, cross-sectional study conducted in eight ophthalmology centers in Europe. The STARS (Simplified Thea AMD Risk-Assessment Scale) questionnaire was used to assess 12 risk factors grouped in four major categories. We used Welch’s t-test/ F ratios to determine statistically significant changes. The principal component analysis was done to investigate the association between risk factors. Results: There were 3297 participants included in our data analysis. Nineteen percent of patients had a high risk of developing AMD, whilst 45.92% and 34.85% had moderate and small risk, respectively. Atherosclerosis appeared as the most relevant risk indicator for AMD development (Cohen’s d = 0.861). Tukey’s post hoc analysis of the smoking variable showed that ex-smokers ( p < 0.001) have a significantly high risk of developing AMD. The Welch’s t-test showed pseudophakic patients have a higher risk of developing AMD than phakic ones. Then, we conducted the principal component analysis, which revealed a significant connection between smoking and male gender and between smoking and atherosclerosis. Pseudophakic patients were generally older and had more often myocardial infarction as compared to phakic patients. We showed that higher BMI, history of arterial hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and atherosclerosis tend to occur together as risk factors for AMD. Conclusion: Risk factors evaluated in our study should be considered for the development of AMD.