bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increasing fretting resistance of flexible element pack for rotary machine flexible coupling Part 2. The influence of coupled shafts misalignment on flexible coupling flexible elements stress-strain state
Authors: Tarelnyk V , Dumanchuk M , Martsynkovskyy Vas , Mikulina M , Smolyarov G , Semernya O 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
It has been performed the analysis of stress-strain state of flexible element pack for flexible coupling. Plots of internal force factors arising in the flexible elements (plates) of the pack due to the transmitted torque and misalignments caused by the assembly errors when coupling the shafts have been constructed. The analytical dependences of the deflections and rotations of the sections have been obtained. The pressure between the plates, the friction forces in the pack and the loss of power because of strain and friction have been determined.
Increasing fretting resistance of flexible element pack for rotary machine flexible coupling Part 3. The influence of dynamic loads on flexible coupling flexible element stress-strain state
Authors: Tarelnyk V , Dumanchuk M , Martsynkovskyy Vas , Dovzhyk M , Nahornyi M , Vasilenko O , Bondarev S 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
It has been carried out the analysis of stress-strain state of flexible element pack for flexible coupling as a result of the combined action of the forces from the torque transmitted by the coupling and the forces caused by misalignment of the coupled shafts. Plots of bending moments from external load and reactive forces arising in the flexible elements of the pack have been constructed. There have been obtained the analytical dependences of the deflections and rotations of the sections on the complex load. The effects of various force factors on the stress-strain state of a flexible element have been compared. Directions of increasing the fretting resistance of the flexible elements are proposed.
Diagnosing air quality changes in the UK during the COVID-19 lockdown using TROPOMI and GEOS-Chem
Authors: Potts Daniel A , Marais Eloise A , Boesch Hartmut , Pope Richard J , Lee James , Drysdale Will , Chipperfield Martyn P , Kerridge Brian , Siddans Richard , Moore David P , Remedios John 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The dramatic and sudden reduction in anthropogenic activity due to lockdown measures in the UK in response to the COVID-19 outbreak has resulted in a concerted effort to estimate local and regional changes in air quality, though changes in underlying emissions remain uncertain. Here we combine satellite observations of tropospheric NO2 from TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument and the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS)-Chem 3D chemical transport model to estimate that NO
x
emissions declined nationwide by ∼20% during the lockdown (23 March to 31 May 2020). Regionally, these range from 22% to 23% in the western portion of the country to 29% in the southeast and Manchester, and >40% in London. We apply a uniform 20% lockdown period emission reduction to GEOS-Chem anthropogenic emissions over the UK to determine that decline in lockdown emissions led to a national decline in PM2.5 of 1.1 μg m−3, ranging from 0.6 μg m−3 in Scotland to 2 μg m−3 in the southwest. The decline in emissions in cities (>40%) is greater than the national average and causes an increase in ozone of ∼2 ppbv in London and Manchester. The change in ozone and PM2.5 concentrations due to emission reductions alone is about half the total change from 2019 to 2020. This emphasizes the need to account for emissions and other factors, in particular meteorology, in future air pollution abatement strategies and regulatory action.
Hierarchical coarse-grained approach to the duration-dependent spreading dynamics on complex networks
Authors: Chen Jin-Fu , Du Yi-Mu , Dong Hui , Sun C P 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Various coarse-grained models have been proposed to study the spreading dynamics on complex networks. A microscopic theory is needed to connect the spreading dynamics with individual behaviors. In this letter, we unify the description of different spreading dynamics by decomposing the microscopic dynamics into two basic processes, the aging process and the contact process. A hierarchical duration coarse-grained (DCG) approach is proposed to study the duration-dependent processes. Applied to the epidemic spreading, such formalism is feasible to reproduce different epidemic models, e.g., the SIS and the SIR models, and to associate the macroscopic spreading parameters with the microscopic mechanism. The DCG approach enables us to study the steady state of the duration-dependent SIS model. The current hierarchical formalism can also be used to describe the spreading of information and public opinions, or to model a reliability theory on networks.
A Method for Estimating 24-Hour Urinary Sodium Excretion by Casual Urine Specimen in Chinese Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Sun Yan , Wang Hongyi , Liang Hao , Yuan Yifang , Shu Chang , Zhang Yanwei , Zhu Yihua , Yu Mingxin , Hu Songnian , Sun Ningling 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundHigh salt intake is a known risk factor of hypertension, which in turn increases the risk of stroke and cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a method for predicting 24-hour urinary sodium excretion (UNa24h) using casual urine specimens in Chinese hypertensive patients.MethodsA total of 966 patients with hypertension were included from 8 provinces across China. A UNa24h prediction model (Sun_C method) was developed for males and females using linear regression based on age, weight, sodium concentration in the spot urine (UNaspot), and creatinine concentration in the spot urine (UCrspot). The data were split into the training (70%) and testing (30%) sets to, respectively, develop and evaluate the Sun_C method.ResultsCompared with the Kawasaki, INTERSALT, and Tanaka methods, Sun_C method achieved a low and consistent mean bias (1.1 mmol/d) within the range from 106 to 212 mmol/d of UNa24h (equivalent to NaCl intake of 6–12 g/d). In addition, the Sun_C method showed no significant difference between the measured and estimated UNa24h in a paired t-test (P = 0.689). At individual level, Sun_C method had 79.8% of individuals at the cutoff under ±30% level.ConclusionsSun_C method may prove a reasonable method to estimate the daily dietary sodium intakes (particularly in the range of 6–12 g/d of NaCl) in Chinese hypertensive patients using spot urine measurements. As the amount of data increases in the future, the performance of our formulae will be further improved.
Medication Management Performance in Parkinson’s Disease: Examination of Process Errors
Authors: Sumida Catherine A , Lopez Francesca V , Van Etten Emily J , Whiteley Nicole , Moore Raeanne C , Litvan Irene , Lessig Stephanie , Gilbert Paul E , Schmitter-Edgecombe Maureen , Filoteo J Vincent , Schiehser Dawn M 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Objective
Individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) are at risk for increased medication mismanagement, which can lead to worse clinical outcomes. However, the nature of the errors (i.e., undertaking or overtaking medications) contributing to mismanagement and their relationship to cognition in PD is unknown. Therefore, this study sought to examine errors committed on the Medication Management Ability Assessment (MMAA) between PD participants with normal cognition (PD-NC) or mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) relative to healthy adults (HA).

Method
HA (n = 74), PD-NC (n = 102), and PD-MCI (n = 45) participants were administered the MMAA to assess undertaking, overtaking, and overall errors as well as overall performance (total score). Additionally, participants were administered a comprehensive neuropsychological battery from which cognitive composites of Attention, Learning, Memory, Language, Visuospatial, and Executive Functioning were derived.

Results
Separate negative binomial regression analyses indicated the PD-MCI group performed significantly worse overall on the MMAA (total score) and committed more undertaking and overall errors relative to HA and PD-NC. In the PD-MCI group, poorer MMAA performance was associated with worse delayed memory performance, whereas cognitive performance was not related to MMAA in HA or PC-NC.

Conclusion
Compared to PD and healthy adults with normal cognition, PD-MCI patients exhibited greater difficulty with medication management, particularly with undertaking medications. Poorer medication management in PD-MCI was associated with worse delayed recall. Thus, PD-MCI patients experiencing memory problems may require additional assistance with their medications. Findings have clinical relevance suggesting that objective measures of medication errors may assist clinicians in identifying PD patients needing adherence strategies.
Induction of tocopherol biosynthesis through heat shock treatment in Arabidopsis
Authors: Kusajima Miyuki , Fujita Moeka , Nishiuchi Takumi , Nakashita Hideo , Asami Tadao 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Plants have developed various self-defense systems to survive many types of unfavorable conditions. Heat shock (HS) treatment, an abiotic stress, activates salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis to enhance resistance to biotic stresses in some plant species. Since SA is produced from the shikimate pathway, other related metabolic pathways were expected to be upregulated by HS treatment. We speculated that tocopherol biosynthesis utilizing chorismic acid would be activated by HS treatment. In Arabidopsis, expression analysis of tocopherol biosynthetic genes, HPPD, VTE2, VTE3, VTE1, and VTE4, in combination with measurement of metabolites, indicated that HS treatment enhanced the biosynthesis and accumulation of tocopherols. Analyses using an SA biosynthesis-deficient mutant indicated that the upregulation of tocopherol biosynthesis was independent of the SA-mediated signaling pathway.
Pathways from Relative Deprivation to Individual Violence: The Effect of Subjective Perception and Emotional Resentment in South Korea
Authors: Park Seong-Min , Hong Young-Oh , Kennedy Logan P , Clouse Stacey L 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Criminological studies assert that individuals’ psychological cognition and emotional resentment mediate the effect of economic deprivation on individual violence; however, a limited number of studies have empirically addressed these subjective mediations. Furthermore, the effect of relative deprivation in Asian counties is seldom investigated. To fill this gap, we construct theoretical path models and examine the argument of relative deprivation in South Korea. A total of 2,040 individuals are surveyed face to face through stratified random sampling. The results show that the objective status of economic inequality does not directly affect individual violence. We conclude that the subjective perception of deprivation and emotional response are essential mediators for the effect of economic deprivation on individual violence.
Christian Humility and the Goods of Perinatal Hospice
Authors: Cobb Aaron D 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPerinatal palliative and hospice care (hereafter, perinatal hospice) is a novel approach to addressing a family’s varied needs following an adverse in utero diagnosis. Christian defenses of perinatal hospice tend to focus on its role as an ethical alternative to abortion. Although these analyses are important, they do not provide adequate grounds to characterize the wide range of goods realized through this compassionate form of care. This essay draws on an analysis of the Christian virtue of humility to highlight the ways a Christian virtue-based defense of perinatal hospice can account for these goods. I argue that humility can play an important facilitating role in helping Christian physicians to meet the needs of families in profoundly difficult circumstances.
Conduction Velocity Along the Local Axons of Parvalbumin Interneurons Correlates With the Degree of Axonal Myelination
Authors: Micheva Kristina D , Kiraly Marianna , Perez Marc M , Madison Daniel V 
Published: January 2021

AbstractParvalbumin-containing (PV+) basket cells in mammalian neocortex are fast-spiking interneurons that regulate the activity of local neuronal circuits in multiple ways. Even though PV+ basket cells are locally projecting interneurons, their axons are myelinated. Can this myelination contribute in any significant way to the speed of action potential propagation along such short axons? We used dual whole cell recordings of synaptically connected PV+ interneurons and their postsynaptic target in acutely prepared neocortical slices from adult mice to measure the amplitude and latency of single presynaptic action potential-evoked inhibitory postsynaptic currents. These same neurons were then imaged with immunofluorescent array tomography, the synapses between them identified and a precise map of the connections was generated, with the exact axonal length and extent of myelin coverage. Our results support that myelination of PV+ basket cells significantly increases conduction velocity, and does so to a degree that can be physiologically relevant.
Effectiveness of Conjugate and Polysaccharide Pneumococcal Vaccines for Prevention of Severe Pneumococcal Disease Among Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients
Authors: Love Bryan L , Finney Christopher J , Gaidos Jill K J 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
Streptococcus pneumoniae is an important pathogen responsible for severe pneumococcal diseases, including pneumonia, bacteraemia/sepsis, and meningitis. Inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] patients have an increased risk for infections due to an altered immune system and treatment with immunosuppressive medications. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of severe pneumococcal disease [SPD] and evaluate the impact of pneumococcal vaccination on the risk of SPD in Veterans with IBD.

Methods
Subjects with IBD and SPD were identified from the VA Health Administration database using ICD9/10 codes. Pneumococcal vaccination and use of immunosuppressant medications were collected. Risk of SPD was evaluated using an adjusted Cox proportional hazards model controlling for demographics, medications, vaccination, and comorbidities.

Results
A total of 1798 cases of SPD were identified [283 pneumonia, 1513 bacteraemia, and two meningitis]. SPD patients were older [60.9 years vs 59.4 years; p &lt;0.001], had more comorbidities [Charlson Comorbidity Index of 2.11 vs 0.96; p &lt;0.001], and had increased mortality [4.6% vs 1.5%, p &lt;0.001]. The risk of SPD was increased in Crohn’s disease (hazard ratio [HR] 1.15; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05–1.27) and with more comorbidities [HR 1.45; 95% CI 1.42–1.48]. Use of immunosuppressive medications increased the risk of SPD. Receipt of PCV13 either alone or in combination with PPSV23 predicted a 5-fold decreased risk of SPD compared with no vaccination.

Conclusions
Risk factors for severe pneumococcal disease include having Crohn’s disease, more comorbidities, and exposure to combination immunosuppression. Vaccination with PCV13 alone or in combination with PPSV23 and revaccination with PPSV23, was protective against SPD. All IBD patients should be evaluated for pneumococcal vaccination, particularly those receiving or expected to receive immunosuppressive therapies.
Preoperative evaluation for lung resection in patients with bronchiectasis: should we rely on standard lung function evaluation?
Authors: Mariani Alessandro Wasum , Vallilo Camilla Carlini , de Albuquerque André Luís Pereira , Salge João Marcos , Augusto Marcia Cristina , Suesada Milena Mako , Pêgo-Fernandes Paulo Manuel , Terra Ricardo Mingarini 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The scant data about non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis, including tuberculosis sequelae and impairment of lung function, can bias the preoperative physiological assessment. Our goal was to evaluate the changes in lung function and exercise capacity following pulmonary resection in these patients; we also looked for outcome predictors.

METHODS
We performed a non-randomized prospective study evaluating lung function changes in patients with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis treated with pulmonary resection. Patients performed lung function tests and cardiopulmonary exercise tests preoperatively and 3 and 9 months after the operation. Demographic data, comorbidities, surgical data and complications were collected.

RESULTS
Forty-four patients were evaluated for lung function. After resection, the patients had slightly lower values for spirometry: forced expiratory volume in 1 s preoperatively: 2.21 l ± 0.8; at 3 months: 1.9 l ± 0.8 and at 9 months: 2.0 l ± 0.8, but the relationship between the forced expiratory volume in 1 s and the forced vital capacity remained. The gas diffusion measured by diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide did not change: preoperative value: 23.2 ml/min/mmHg ± 7.4; at 3 months: 21.5 ml/min/mmHg ± 5.6; and at 9 months: 21.7 ml/min/mmHg ± 8.2. The performance of general exercise did not change; peak oxygen consumption preoperatively was 20.9 ml/kg/min ± 7.4; at 3 months: 19.3 ml/kg/min ± 6.4; and at 9 months: 20.2 ml/kg/min ± 8.0. Forty-six patients were included for analysis of complications. We had 13 complications with 2 deaths. To test the capacity of the predicted postoperative (PPO) values to forecast complications, we performed several multivariate and univariate analyses; none of them was a significant predictor of complications. When we analysed other variables, only bronchoalveolar lavage with positive culture was significant for postoperative complications (P = 0.0023). Patients who had a pneumonectomy had a longer stay in the intensive care unit (P = 0.0348).

CONCLUSIONS
The calculated PPO forced expiratory volume in 1 s had an excellent correlation with the measurements at 3 and 9 months; but the calculated PPO capacity for carbon monoxide and the PPO peak oxygen consumption slightly underestimated the 3- and 9-month values. However, none of them was a predictor for complications. Better tools to predict postoperative complications for patients with bronchiectasis who are candidates for lung resection are needed.

Clinical trial registration number
Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01268475
Severe aortic wall degeneration after aortic wrapping
Authors: Ehrlich Tristan , Federspiel Jan M , Bohle Rainer M , Schäfers Hans-Joachim 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We report a case in whom aortic wrapping had been performed for aortic dilatation. Ten years later, further progression of aortic root diameter was documented (root size of 66 mm). We performed complete replacement of the proximal aorta. Macroscopically and microscopically, there was extreme degeneration and thinning of the aorta under the graft.
Access to inflammatory bowel disease speciality care: the primary healthcare physician perspective
Authors: Burns Eileen E , Mathias Holly M , Heisler Courtney , Cui Yunsong , Kits Olga , Veldhuyzen van Zanten Sander , Jones Jennifer L 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
There is little literature related to access to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) care that incorporates the perspective of key system stakeholders, such as primary healthcare providers (PHCP), despite their clear and integral role in facilitating access.

Objective
This study aimed to identify barriers to referring patients to speciality IBD care as perceived by referring PHCP. In particular, we sought to understand PHCP satisfaction with the current IBD specialist referral system, as well as indicators of geographic variance to access.

Methods
A population-based survey was mailed out to currently practising PHCPs who have referred or who are currently referring patients to IBD speciality care in Nova Scotia (Canada). Descriptive statistics and multivariate analyses were performed. Qualitative comments were themed using framework analysis to identify key barriers.

Results
The majority of PHCP (57%) were dissatisfied with the current referral process due to long patient wait times and perceived system inefficiency. Key areas of geographic variance in access included access to speciality care in the community and patient wait times. PHCPs suggested ideas to improve access including increased gastroenterologist supply, particularly in rural areas, and the creation of a provincial centralized referral and triage process.

Conclusions
PHCPs play an important role in identifying and managing patients with IBD in partnership with gastroenterologists. This study identifies key PHCP perceived barriers that may prevent patients from accessing speciality IBD care. Understanding and addressing barriers to access from multiple stakeholder perspectives, including PHCPs, has the potential to support informed system redesign and overcome access inequities.
First-arrival traveltime inversion of seismic diving waves observed on undulant surface
Authors: Yang Huachen , Zhang Jianzhong , Ren Kai , Wang Changbo 
Published: January 2021

SUMMARY
A non-iterative first-arrival traveltime inversion method (NFTI) is proposed for building smooth velocity models using seismic diving waves observed on irregular surface. The new ray and traveltime equations of diving waves propagating in smooth media with undulant observation surface are deduced. According to the proposed ray and traveltime equations, an analytical formula for determining the location of the diving-wave turning points is then derived. Taking the influence of rough topography on first-arrival traveltimes into account, the new equations for calculating the velocities at turning points are established. Based on these equations, a method is proposed to construct subsurface velocity models from the observation surface downward to the bottom using the first-arrival traveltimes in common offset gathers. Tests on smooth velocity models with rugged topography verify the validity of the established equations, and the superiority of the proposed NFTI. The limitation of the proposed method is shown by an abruptly-varying velocity model example. Finally, the NFTI is applied to solve the static correction problem of the field seismic data acquired in a mountain area in the western China. The results confirm the effectivity of the proposed NFTI.