bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute pulmonary embolism in patients presenting pulmonary deterioration after hospitalisation for non‐critical COVID‐19
Authors: Polo Friz Hernan , Gelfi Elia , Orenti Annalisa , Motto Elena , Primitz Laura , Donzelli Tino , Intotero Marcello , Scarpazza Paolo , Vighi Giuseppe , Cimminiello Claudio , Boracchi Patrizia 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundEmerging evidence suggests an association between COVID‐19 and acute pulmonary embolism (APE).AimsTo assess the prevalence of APE in patients hospitalised for non‐critical COVID‐19 who presented clinical deterioration, and to investigate the association of clinical and biochemical variables with a confirmed diagnosis of APE in these subjects.MethodsAll consecutive patients admitted to the internal medicine department of a general hospital with a diagnosis of non‐critical COVID‐19, who performed a computer tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) for respiratory deterioration in April 2020, were included in this retrospective cohort study.ResultsStudy populations: 41 subjects, median (interquartile range) age: 71.7 (63–76) years, CPTA confirmed APE = 8 (19.51%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 8.82–34.87%). Among patients with and without APE, no significant differences were found with regards symptoms, comorbidities, treatment, Wells score and outcomes. The optimal cut‐off value of d‐dimer for predicting APE was 2454 ng/mL, sensitivity (95% CI): 63 (24–91), specificity: 73 (54–87), positive predictive value: 36 (13–65), negative predictive value: 89 (71–98) and AUC: 0.62 (0.38–0.85). The standard and age‐adjusted d‐dimer cut‐offs, and the Wells score ≥2 did not associate with confirmed APE, albeit a cut‐off value of d‐dimer = 2454 ng/mL showed an relative risk: 3.21; 95% CI: 0.92–13.97; P = 0.073. Heparin at anticoagulant doses was used in 70.73% of patients before performing CTPA.ConclusionAmong patients presenting pulmonary deterioration after hospitalisation for non‐critical COVID‐19, the prevalence of APE is high. Traditional diagnostic tools to identify high APE pre‐test probability patients do not seem to be clinically useful. These results support the use of a high index of suspicion for performing CTPA to exclude or confirm APE as the most appropriate diagnostic approach in this clinical setting.
Quasi long‐pulsed 1064nm Nd:YAG (micro pulsed) technology for the treatment of active acne: A case series
Authors: Artzi Ofir , Koren Amir , Shehadeh Wasim , Friedman Or 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundAcne vulgaris is common dermatologic condition with an estimated prevalence of 80%. Acne has been shown to have a significant impact on patient quality of life and mental health, especially as inflammatory lesions typically occur on cosmetically sensitive areas with the potential for permanent scarring. There have been numerous advances in the treatment of inflammatory acne with light‐based and laser devices. This technology permits effective treatment of active acne and scarring, with a short recovery and a decreased side effect profile as compared to medicinal standard‐of‐care and photodynamic therapies.ObjectiveThe case series study was aimed at evaluating the safety and efficacy of a 1064 nm Nd: YAG Quasi‐longed pulse laser treatment for acne vulgaris.MethodsThis was a prospective study of 19 subjects with moderate to severe. All subjects received 1064 nm Nd: YAG Quasi‐longed pulse laser treatments, at 8 J/cm2 fluence and accumulated 1000–4000 kJ according to treatment area at two weeks intervals. Primary end point was reaching a minimal AGSS score of between 1 and 2. Acne severity was assessed by two independent dermatologists according to AGSS scale before each treatment session and at the follow‐up visit (8 weeks following last treatment). Subjects’ self‐assessment of Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC) and overall satisfaction were also recorded. Safety was assessed by recording pain, adverse events, and downtime throughout the trial.ResultsInvestigator's US FDA AGSS scoring of acne appearance improvement shows an average of 6.6 treatments were required to reach the minimal AGSS score endpoint. Significant reduction in AGSS scores was recorded after 2 treatments (4.21 ± 0.65 vs 3.05 ± 0.83 p = 1.63E−05), and maintained a statistically significant reduction rate throughout the trial. Minimal AGSS scores were still detected after 8 weeks following final treatment. Subjects scored high satisfaction rates and PGIC scores (2.9 and 5.3, respectively). Some patients reported transient erythema as only adverse events recorded in the study.ConclusionThe 1064 nm Nd: YAG Quasi‐longed pulse laser was found to be safe and highly effective for the treatment of facial acne. The treatments were well tolerated, and the subjects experienced no pain and no downtime. Light‐based treatments do and will probably continue to play an important and enlarging role in acne management.
A Full Digital Workflow for the Duplication of an Existing Implant Retained Overdenture Prosthesis: A Novel Approach
Authors: Tasopoulos Theodoros , Kouveliotis George , Karoussis Ioannis , Rfa Silva Nelson , Zoidis Panagiotis 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this clinical case report is to describe a fully digital workflow for the duplication of an existing implant retained overdenture, highlighting the benefits of digitally fabricated dentures. The patient presented with an existing mandibular implant retained overdenture on Locator attachments that needed to be replaced. The existing overdenture was duplicated/scanned with the use of an intraoral scanner and was 3D printed using acrylic resin. This resin duplicate was sectioned in the midline and served as a unilateral record base to digitally record maxillo‐mandibular relationship. The occlusal relationship was scanned unilaterally with the record base (sectioned duplicate) in place, and the procedure was repeated for the opposite side. All scans (edentulous, bite registrations and preliminary scan) were superimposed and the software managed to position and stich everything together. A try‐in copy denture (ProArtCAD Try in, Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Schaan, Liechtenstein) was milled in order to imitate the conventional wax teeth try‐in. A definitive milled overdenture was fabricated and delivered. A reinforcing polyetheretherketone mesh was fabricated, utilizing computer assisted design/computer assisted manufacturing technology and was incorporated into the pre‐designed customized space into the polymethylmethacrylate base, using indirect light‐polymerized nano‐filled composite resin (crea.lign; bredent GmbH & Co. KG). Occlusion was verified and the patient was instructed oral hygiene, home maintenance and was informed for the required recall visits.
Noble gases in cluster chondrite clasts and their host breccias
Authors: Müsing Kim , Busemann Henner , Huber Liliane , Maden Colin , Riebe My E. I. , Wieler Rainer , Metzler Knut 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe measured noble gases in “cluster chondrite clasts” from nine unequilibrated ordinary chondrites (UOCs). For five meteorites, we also present data for so‐called “clastic matrix,” the impact‐brecciated material in which the angular to subrounded cluster chondrite clasts are often embedded. Cluster chondrite clasts are characterized by close‐fit texture of deformed and indented chondrules with lower amounts of fine‐grained interchondrule matrix than in other UOCs (Metzler 2012). They are ubiquitous in UOCs and may indicate accretion and compaction of hot and deformable chondrules within hours or days after formation. Clastic matrix of four of the five meteorites contains He and Ne implanted by the solar wind (SW), indicating that they are regolith breccias. In contrast, cluster chondrite clasts are essentially devoid of SW, confirming that they are fragments of “primary accretionary rocks” (Metzler 2012). Trapped Kr and Xe in all samples are essentially primordial (type “Q”). Trapped Xe concentrations in cluster chondrite clasts are similar to values in other UOCs of similar metamorphic grade despite their low fractions of primordial gas‐bearing fine‐grained materials. This possibly indicates that the interchondrule matrix in cluster chondrite clasts is more pristine than matrix of regular UOCs. Later loss of primordial gases during parent body metamorphism is mirrored in the decreasing concentrations of primordial noble gases with increasing petrologic type. Relative to cluster chondrite lithologies, clastic matrix often contains excesses of cosmogenic noble gases, most likely due to precompaction exposure in the parent body regolith.
High frequency of upper aerodigestive tract manifestations in mucous membrane pemphigoid
Authors: Endo Hiroyasu , Rees Terry D. , Niwa Hideo , Kuyama Kayo , Oshima Maya , Serizawa Tae , Tanaka Shigeo , Iijima Morio , Komiya Masamichi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency of upper aerodigestive tract involvement in patients with mucous membrane pemphigoid associated with desquamative gingivitis.Subjects and Methods.Data from 25 patients were collected by retrospective chart review. Their upper aerodigestive had been evaluated using a conventional flexible fiberscope. Oral disease activity was quantified on the basis of the Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid Disease Area Index activity score.ResultsLesions of the upper aerodigestive tract were confirmed in nine symptomatic patients (9/25, 36%), of which five (5/25, 20%) had laryngeal involvement. No lesions were seen in the asymptomatic patients on fiberscope examination. There was a statistically significant difference in the symptoms, high oral disease activity score, and linear IgA deposition on direct immunofluorescence between patients with and without upper aerodigestive tract lesions (p = .001, .001, .002, respectively).ConclusionThe high frequency of considerable complications highlights the importance of confirming the presence of upper aerodigestive tract involvement in patients with mucous membrane pemphigoid having desquamative gingivitis. Signs including the presence of symptoms, high oral disease activity score, or linear IgA deposition on direct immunofluorescence might indicate a higher risk of upper aerodigestive tract involvement.
Canine ocular onchocerciasis in New Mexico: Risk factors for disease
Authors: Taylor Melise E. , Auten Candace R. , Foster Tania , Ebbs Erika , Hofkin Bruce V. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether dogs are at variable risk of developing canine ocular onchocerciasis based on coat color or size, factors that may influence feeding behavior of the putative vectors of Onchocerca lupi¸ the filarial nematode parasite causing this disease.Animals studiedOne hundred twenty‐five client‐owned dogs diagnosed with confirmed or suspected onchocerciasis. 1255 dogs without signs of this disease were utilized for comparison.ProceduresDogs lacking signs of canine onchocerciasis were assessed for coat color and weight. Proportions of dogs with these characteristics were used to predict signalment in a group of dogs with this disease, if the investigated characteristics were unrelated to disease risk. Predicted values were compared statistically with observed values in the diseased dog population. Black fly color preference was assessed utilizing black, brown, and white traps and statistically assessing any differences in trapping based on trap color.ResultsResults suggest that large, black dogs are more likely to develop canine ocular onchocerciasis than was predicted by chance alone (p = 0.012). Results for smaller dogs with other coat colors were not significant. An increased risk for black dogs was supported by trapping data, as black flies were trapped significantly more often in black traps (p < 0.001).ConclusionWhile factors other than size and color probably also influence the likelihood of O. lupi infection and disease development, our results may assist clinicians in their diagnosis of canine ocular onchocerciasis and provide them with a tool to help educate their clients as to their dogs’ risk of developing this disease.
An international comparison of HIV prevalence and incidence in blood donors and general population: a BEST Collaborative study
Authors: Germain Marc , Grégoire Yves , Custer Brian S. , Goldman Mindy , Bravo Marjorie , Kamel Hany , Davison Katy , Field Stephen , van den Hurk Katja , van de Laar Thijs J. W. , Irving David O. , Jones Ann , Liumbruno Giancarlo , Morley Sarah , O’Brien Sheila F. , Pillonel Josiane , Steinsvåg Christine Torsvik , Takanashi Minoko , Tsuno Nelson Hirokazu , Vesga Carasa Miguel Angel , Wendel Silvano , Vassallo Ralph R. , Tiberghien Pierre ,   for the BEST Collaborative
Published: April 2021

Background and ObjectivesEfficiency in mitigating HIV transmission risk by transfusion may vary internationally. We compared HIV prevalence and incidence in blood donors across different jurisdictions in relation to those rates in the general population and differences in deferral practices.Materials and MethodsData from 2007 to 2016 were collected in Australia, Brazil (São Paulo), Canada, England, France, Italy, Ireland, Japan, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Spain (Basque Country), USA (Vitalant) and Wales. For each country/region, the number of HIV antibody‐positive donations and nucleic acid testing (NAT)‐only‐positive donations was broken down according to first‐time or repeat donor status, along with the relevant denominators.ResultsThere is a modest correlation between HIV prevalence among first‐time donors and HIV prevalence in the general population. However, rates of HIV‐positive donations in repeat donors, a proxy for incidence, do not correlate with incidence rates in the general population. Rates in donors from Italy and Basque Country, where deferral criteria for men having sex with men are less stringent, are higher compared with most other jurisdictions. Rates of NAT‐only‐positive donations are extremely low and do not differ significantly after adjustment for multiple comparisons.ConclusionDonor HIV rates are only weakly associated with those observed in the general population. Countries with less stringent deferral criteria have higher HIV rates in their donor population, but the rates remain very low.
Physiological Loading-Induced Interstitial Fluid Dynamics in Osteon of Osteogenesis Imperfecta Bone
Authors: Shrivas Nikhil Vivek , Tiwari Abhishek Kumar , Kumar Rakesh , Patil Santosh , Tripathi Dharmendra , Badhyal Subham 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), also known as “brittle bone disease,” is a genetic bone disorder. OI bones experience frequent fractures. Surgical procedures are usually followed by clinicians in the management of OI. It has been observed physical activity is equally beneficial in reducing OI bone fractures in both children and adults as mechanical stimulation improves bone mass and strength. Loading-induced mechanical strain and interstitial fluid flow stimulate bone remodeling activities. Several studies have characterized strain environment in OI bones, whereas very few studies attempted to characterize the interstitial fluid flow. OI significantly affects bone micro-architecture. Thus, this study anticipates that canalicular fluid flow reduces in OI bone in comparison to the healthy bone in response to physiological loading due to altered poromechanical properties. This work attempts to understand the canalicular fluid distribution in single osteon models of OI and healthy bone. A poromechanical model of osteon is developed to compute pore-pressure and interstitial fluid flow as a function of gait loading pattern reported for OI and healthy subjects. Fluid distribution patterns are compared at different time-points of the stance phase of the gait cycle. It is observed that fluid flow significantly reduces in OI bone. Additionally, flow is more static than dynamic in OI osteon in comparison to healthy subjects. This work attempts to identify the plausible explanation behind the diminished mechanotransduction capability of OI bone. This work may further be extended for designing better biomechanical therapies to enhance the fluid flow in order to improve osteogenic activities in OI bone.
Estimation of Aerodynamic Heating on Scramjet Inlets and Validation With Measurements
Authors: Ram Prabhu M. , Balaji C. , Sundararajan T. , Chacko M. J. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Aerodynamic heating levels on a typical inlet configuration of a scramjet engine are estimated using both standard design correlations and numerical flow simulations. The stagnation point heat flux is estimated using the Fay and Riddell formula. Aerodynamic heating over the inclined ramps is estimated using Van Driest method. Numerical flow simulations are carried out using a Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) solver coupled with energy equations and the Shear Stress Transport (SST) k–ω turbulence model. The aerodynamic heat flux estimates are validated with in-house measurements in a shock tunnel and for a scramjet flight experiment in the Mach number range 1.59 to 7.92. The emergence of a good agreement between them confirms the appropriateness of design correlations for heat flux estimation in scramjet inlets. The choice of simplification and appropriateness of design correlations to complex geometries demand critical assessment. Numerical flow simulations capture flow features and enable the identification of potential augmented heating zones, which will be critical for long-duration scramjet missions.
Magnetic Barkhausen Noise Technique for Early-Stage Fatigue Prediction in Martensitic Stainless-Steel Samples
Authors: Li Zi , Shenoy Bharath Basti , Udpa Lalita , Udpa Satish , Deng Yiming 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Martensitic grade stainless-steel is generally used to manufacture steam turbine blades in power plants. The material degradation of those turbine blades, due to fatigue, will induce unexpected equipment damage. Fatigue cracks, too small to be detected, can grow severely in the next operating cycle and may cause failure before the next inspection opportunity. Therefore, a nondestructive electromagnetic technique, which is sensitive to microstructure changes in the material, is needed to provide a means to estimate the specimen’s fatigue life. To tackle these challenges, this paper presents a novel magnetic Barkhausen noise (MBN) technique for garnering information relating to the material microstructure changes under test. The MBN signals are analyzed in time as well as frequency domain to infer material information that are influenced by the samples’ material state. Principal component analysis (PCA) is applied to reduce the dimensionality of feature data and extract higher order features. Afterward, probabilistic neural network (PNN) classifies the sample based on the percentage fatigue life to discover the most correlated MBN features to indicate the remaining fatigue life. Furthermore, one criticism of MBN is its poor repeatability and stability, therefore, analysis of variance (ANOVA) is carried out to analyze the uncertainty associated with MBN measurements. The feasibility of MBN technique is investigated in detecting early-stage fatigue, which is associated with plastic deformation in ferromagnetic metallic structures. Experimental results demonstrate that the magnetic Barkhausen noise technique is a promising candidate for characterizing.
Underutilisation of EPaCCS (Electronic Palliative Care Coordination Systems) in end-of life-care: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Pocock Lucy , Morris Richard , French Lydia , Purdy Sarah 
Published: April 2021

ObjectiveTo support greater personalisation of end-of-life care, Electronic Palliative Care Coordination Systems (EPaCCS) have been implemented across England. Here, we describe patient factors associated with dying with an EPaCCS record and explore the association between having an EPaCCS record with cause and place of death.MethodThis is a cross-sectional study using routinely collected data. Data were extracted from primary care records in 20 of 86 general practices within one Clinical Commissioning Group in England. All deaths (n=1723) recorded between 22 February 2018 and 21 February 2019 were included to determine whether the deceased patient had an EPaCCS record at the time of death, a range of demographic factors, place of death and cause of death.ResultsOnly 18% of the sample died with an EPaCCS record, and people who died of a non-cancer cause were less likely to have an EPaCCS record than those who died of cancer (OR=0.41; 95% CI 0.31 to 0.55). Adjusting for patient demographic factors and cause of death, having an EPaCCS record was strongly associated with dying in the community (OR=5.10; 95% CI 3.70 to 7.03).ConclusionsA small proportion of this sample died with an EPaCCS record, despite evidence of an association with dying in the community.
Global health-related quality of life in schizophrenia: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hoseinipalangi Zahra , Golmohammadi Zahra , Rafiei Sima , Pashazadeh Kan Fatemeh , Hosseinifard Hossein , Rezaei Sepideh , Ahmadi Saba , Ahmadi Niloofar , Raoofi Samira , Aghajani Farnaz , Dehnad Afsaneh , Shabaninejad Hosein , Aghalou Sepideh , Shabani Hamide , Ghashghaee Ahmad 
Published: April 2021

Background and aimSigns and symptoms of schizophrenia may have serious impacts on patients’ quality of life leading to concern about different aspects of their lives. This study presents a systematic review and meta-analysis of the studies examining the quality of life among patients with schizophrenia and its relationship with patients’ characteristics.Materials and methodsA total of 40 studies were extracted from searching of relevant databases published between 2000 and 2020. Descriptive data and correlation coefficients between patient’s characteristics and quality of life were extracted and the results were reported according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses standards and meta-analysis of pooled studies.ResultsIn total, 8363 patients with schizophrenia participated in 40 studies which used Schizophrenia Quality of Life Scale revision 4. The total score of quality of life (QOL) in the study subjects was reported to be 40.66. Weighted effect size analyses revealed a significant relationship between QOL and variables including patients’ age and duration of the disease. Furthermore, the highest (the worst) score of QOL in schizophrenia patients was observed in Europe 47.04 (95% CI 41.26 to 52.82) and the Euro region 47.05 (95% CI 41.18 to 52.92).ConclusionOverall, the QOL among patients with schizophrenia was in a good status, which could be improved through considering different life aspects of people living in various contexts. In fact, clarifying the determinants of QOL would be a key step in the provision of future treatment efforts.