bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in Characteristics and Outcomes of Hospitalized Young Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in the United States, 2004 to 2018
Authors: Dani Sourbha S. , Minhas Abdul Mannan Khan , Arshad Adeel , Krupica Troy , Goel Sachin S. , Virani Salim S. , Sharma Garima , Blankstein Ron , Blaha Michael J. , Al‐Kindi Sadeer G. , Nasir Khurram , Khan Safi U. 
Published: August 2021

Background
Data are limited about young adults' characteristics and outcomes undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).

Methods and Results
We used the National Inpatient Sample database to identify adults aged 18 to 45 years who underwent CABG between 2004 and 2018. The data were weighted to generate national estimates of the entire US hospitalized population. We identified 110 463 CABG cases, equivalent to 62.2 per 1 000 000 person‐years; 27.1% were women, and 70.2% were White adults. Overall, annual CABG volume per 1 000 000 significantly decreased from 87.3 in 2004 to 45.7 in 2018. The prevalence of obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, drug abuse, and chronic medical conditions increased over time. Overall, inpatient mortality was 1.76%; ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction, non–ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction, heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, renal failure, and valvular surgery were associated with higher inpatient mortality. Women had higher inpatient mortality than men (2.29% versus 1.57%), and Black patients had higher deaths than White patients (2.86% versus 1.58%). Inpatient mortality remained stable overall, according to sex, race, or clinical indication of CABG. However, the mean length of stay (8.4 days in 2004 to 9.5 days in 2018) and inflation‐adjusted cost of care ($40 522.8 in 2004 to $52 434.2 in 2018) significantly increased during the study period.

Conclusions
Despite the increased burden of cardiometabolic risk factors, the inpatient mortality in young adults undergoing CABG remained stable during the last 15 years. However, CABG volumes have decreased, but length of stay and inflation‐adjusted costs have increased over time.
Determinants of Interindividual Variation in Exercise‐Induced Cardiac Troponin I Levels
Authors: Bjørkavoll‐Bergseth Magnus , Erevik Christine Bjørkvik , Kleiven Øyunn , Eijsvogels Thijs M. H. , Skadberg Øyvind , Frøysa Vidar , Wiktorski Tomasz , Auestad Bjørn , Edvardsen Thor , Moberg Aakre Kristin , Ørn Stein 
Published: August 2021

Background
Postexercise cardiac troponin levels show considerable interindividual variations. This study aimed to identify the major determinants of this postexercise variation in cardiac troponin I (cTnI) following 3 episodes of prolonged high‐intensity endurance exercise.

Methods and Results

Study subjects were recruited among prior participants in a study of recreational cyclists completing a 91‐km mountain bike race in either 2013 or 2014 (first race). In 2018, study participants completed a cardiopulmonary exercise test 2 to 3 weeks before renewed participation in the same race (second race). Blood was sampled before and at 3 and 24 hours following all exercises. Blood samples were analyzed using the same Abbot high‐sensitivity cTnI STAT assay. Fifty‐nine individuals (aged 50±9 years, 13 women) without cardiovascular disease were included. Troponin values were lowest before, highest at 3 hours, and declining at 24 hours. The largest cTnI difference was at 3 hours following exercise between the most (first race) (cTnI: 200 [87–300] ng/L) and the least strenuous exercise (cardiopulmonary exercise test) (cTnI: 12 [7–23] ng/L;
P
<0.001). The strongest correlation between troponin values at corresponding times was before exercise (
r
=0.92,
P
<0.0001). The strongest correlations at 3 hours were between the 2 races (
r
=0.72,
P
<0.001) and at 24 hours between the cardiopulmonary exercise test and the second race (
r
=0.83,
P
<0.001). Participants with the highest or lowest cTnI levels showed no differences in race performance or baseline echocardiographic parameters.

Conclusions
The variation in exercise‐induced cTnI elevation is largely determined by a unique individual cTnI response that is dependent on the duration of high‐intensity exercise and the timing of cTnI sampling.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier:
NCT02166216
.
Sodium‐Glucose Co‐Transporter Inhibitors and Atrial Fibrillation: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Pandey Arjun K. , Okaj Iva , Kaur Hargun , Belley‐Cote Emilie P. , Wang Jia , Oraii Alireza , Benz Alexander P. , Johnson Linda S. B. , Young Jack , Wong Jorge A. , Verma Subodh , Conen David , Gerstein Hertzel , Healey Jeff S. , McIntyre William F. 
Published: August 2021

Background
Sodium‐glucose co‐transporter (SGLT) inhibitors reduce cardiovascular outcomes including mortality in several populations; however, their effect on atrial fibrillation/flutter (AF) remains unclear. Our objective was to determine whether SGLT inhibitors reduce AF and whether a history of AF modifies the effect of SGLT inhibitors on the composite of heart failure hospitalization or cardiovascular death.

Methods and Results

We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and CENTRAL to March 2021. Pairs of reviewers identified randomized controlled trials that compared an SGLT inhibitor with placebo or no therapy. We pooled data using RevMan 5.4.1, assessed risk of bias using the Cochrane tool, and determined the overall quality of evidence using Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation. Thirty‐one eligible trials reported on AF events (75 279 participants, mean age 62 years, 35.0% women). Moderate quality evidence supported a lower risk of serious AF events with SGLT inhibitors (1.1% versus 1.5%; risk ratio 0.75 [95% CI, 0.66–0.86]; I
2
=0%). A similar reduction in total AF events was also noted with SGLT inhibitors. Three trials reported on heart failure hospitalization/cardiovascular death stratified by a baseline history of AF (18 832 participants, mean age 66 years, 38.1% women); in patients with a history of AF, SGLT inhibitors resulted in a lower risk in the composite of heart failure hospitalization or cardiovascular death (hazard ratio, 0.70 [95% CI, 0.57–0.85]; I
2
=0%)—similar to the effect estimate for patients without AF,
P
value for interaction: 1.00.

Conclusions
SGLT inhibitors may reduce AF events and likely reduce heart failure hospitalization/cardiovascular death to a similar extent in patients with and without AF.
Trends in quality of care and dying perceived by family caregivers of nursing home residents with dementia 2005–2019
Authors: Klapwijk Maartje S , Bolt Sascha R , Boogaard Jannie A , ten Koppel Maud , Gijsberts Marie-José HE , van Leussen Carolien , The B. Anne-Mei , Meijers Judith MM , Schols Jos MGA , Pasman H Roeline W , Onwuteaka-Philipsen Bregje D , Deliens Luc , Van den Block Lieve , Mertens Bart , de Vet Henrica CW , Caljouw Monique AA , Achterberg Wilco P , van der Steen Jenny T 
Published: August 2021

Background: Dementia palliative care is increasingly subject of research and practice improvement initiatives. Aim: To assess any changes over time in the evaluation of quality of care and quality of dying with dementia by family caregivers. Design: Combined analysis of eight studies with bereaved family caregivers’ evaluations 2005–2019. Setting/participants: Family caregivers of nursing home residents with dementia in the Netherlands ( n = 1189) completed the End-of-Life in Dementia Satisfaction With Care (EOLD-SWC; quality of care) and Comfort Assessment in Dying (EOLD-CAD, four subscales; quality of dying) instruments. Changes in scores over time were analysed using mixed models with random effects for season and facility and adjustment for demographics, prospective design and urbanised region. Results: The mean total EOLD-SWC score was 33.40 (SD 5.08) and increased by 0.148 points per year (95% CI, 0.052–0.244; adjusted 0.170 points 95% CI, 0.055–0.258). The mean total EOLD-CAD score was 30.80 (SD 5.76) and, unadjusted, there was a trend of decreasing quality of dying over time of −0.175 points (95% CI, −0.291 to −0.058) per year increment. With adjustment, the trend was not significant (−0.070 EOLD-CAD total score points, 95% CI, −0.205 to 0.065) and only the EOLD-CAD subscale ‘Well being’ decreased. Conclusion: We identified divergent trends over 14 years of increased quality of care, while quality of dying did not increase and well-being in dying decreased. Further research is needed on what well-being in dying means to family. Quality improvement requires continued efforts to treat symptoms in dying with dementia.
Effect of Superstitious Beliefs and Risk Intuitions on Genetic Test Decisions
Authors: Riley Kristen E. , Sussman Andrew L. , Schofield Elizabeth , Guest Dolores D. , Dailey Yvonne T. , Schwartz Matthew R. , Buller David B. , Hunley Keith , Kaphingst Kimberly A. , Berwick Marianne , Hay Jennifer L. 
Published: August 2021

Introduction Moving beyond numeric representations of risk perceptions, we examine cognitive causation, or superstitious thinking, and negative affect in risk as predictors of MC1R (i.e., moderate v. high risk) skin cancer genetic testing and responses to this testing. Methods Participants ( N = 496) completed baseline assessments using validated measures of cognitive causation (beliefs that thinking about cancer risk increases cancer likelihood) and negative affect in risk (negative feelings generated during risk perception) and subsequently received a test offer. Participants could access a website to learn about and request genetic testing. Those who tested ( n = 167) completed assessments of cognitive and affective reactions 2 wk after testing, including the Impact of Events–Revised Intrusive thoughts subscale. Results Those with higher negative affect in risk were less likely to return a saliva sample for testing (odds ratio = 0.98, 95% confidence interval = 0.96–0.99). Those with higher cognitive causation reported more fear ( b = 0.28–0.31; P’s < 0.05). Higher negative affect in risk was associated with more emotion-laden test responses, particularly in those receiving higher-risk as compared with average-risk results. Conclusion Negative affect in risk did not hamper test information seeking, although it did inhibit the uptake of genetic testing. Those with higher cognitive causation showed more fear regarding their test result, as indicated by higher distress in those who received average-risk results and lower believability in those who received higher-risk results.
High-temperature PMIA dielectric composites with enhanced thermal conductivity utilizing functionalized BaTiO3 nanowires–carbon nanotubes fillers
Authors: Duan Guangyu , Hu Fengying , Xin Zhongyuan , Chi Changlong , Yu Xiang 
Published: August 2021

This study reports that a novel high-temperature poly (m-phenyleneisophthalamide) (PMIA) composite with enhanced dielectric constant and thermal conductivity was prepared by filling with BaTiO3 nanowires–carbon nanotubes (BTCNs) fillers. Due to effective functionalization of BaTiO3 nanowires (BTNWs) and multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), the fabricated BTCNs fillers were homogeneously dispersed in PMIA matrix. The consequence displays that the dielectric constant of PMIA composite with 15 wt % BTNWs fillers increases to 27.6 at 103 Hz, which is about nine times higher than that of pure PMIA. Moreover, owing to the high thermal conductivity of MWCNTs, the thermal conductivity of PMIA with 15 wt% BTNWs fillers increases to 1.01 W/(mK). The enhanced thermal conductivity is beneficial for BTCNs/PMIA composite to dissipate the generated heat by dielectric loss. Considering these merits, this research would provide new methods and ideas for preparation of high-temperature dielectric polymer composites and reducing the internal thermal effect.
Influenza A/Singapore (H3N2) component vaccine in systemic lupus erythematosus: A distinct pattern of immunogenicity
Authors: Claudino Formiga Francisco Fellipe , Silva Clovis Artur , Pedrosa Tatiana do Nascimento , Aikawa Nadia Emi , Pasoto Sandra Gofinet , Garcia Cristiana Couto , Capão Artur Silva Vidal , Martins Victor Adriano de Oliveira , Proença Adriana Coracini Tonacio de , Fuller Ricardo , Yuki Emily Figueiredo Neves , Vendramini Margarete Borges Galhardo , Rosário Debora Cordeiro do , Brandão Leticia Maria Kolachinski Raposo , Sartori Ana Marli Christovam , Antonangelo Leila , Bonfá Eloisa , Borba Eduardo Ferreira 
Published: August 2021

Introduction Influenza A (H3N2) virus is the most important cause of seasonal influenza morbidity and mortality in the last 50 years, surpassing the impact of H1N1. Data assessing immunogenicity and safety of this virus component are lacking in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and restricted to small reports with other H3N2 strains. Objective This study aims to evaluate short-term immunogenicity and safety of influenza A/Singapore (H3N2) vaccine in SLE. Methods 81 consecutive SLE patients and 81 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC) were vaccinated with the influenza A/Singapore/INFIMH-16-0019/2016(H3N2)-like virus. Seroprotection (SP) and seroconversion (SC) rates, geometric mean titers(GMT), and factor increase in GMT(FI-GMT) and adverse events were assessed before and 4 weeks post-vaccination. Disease activity and therapies were also evaluated. Results Before immunization, SLE and HC groups had high SP rates (89% vs 77%, p = 0.061) and elevated GMT titer with higher levels in SLE (129.1(104.1–154.1) vs 54.8(45.0–64.6), p < 0.001). Frequency of two previous years’ influenza vaccination was high and comparable in SLE and HC (89% vs 90%, p = 1.000). Four weeks post-vaccination, median GMT increased for both groups and remained higher in SLE compared to HC (239.9(189.5–290.4) vs 94.5(72.6–116.4), p < 0.0001) with a comparable FI-GMT (2.3(1.8–2.9) vs 1.9(1.5-2.3), p = 0.051). SC rates were low and comparable for both groups (16% vs 11%, respectively, p = 0.974). Disease activity scores remained stable throughout the study ( p = 1.000) and severe adverse events were not identified. Conclusion Influenza A/Singapore (H3N2) vaccine has an adequate safety profile. The distinct immunogenicity pattern from other influenza A components characterized by a remarkably high pre- and post-vaccination SP rate and high GMT levels may be associated with previous influenza A vaccination. ( www.clinicaltrials.gov , NCT03540823).
Rilonacept: A Newly Approved Treatment for Recurrent Pericarditis
Authors: Schwier Nicholas C. 
Published: August 2021

Objective To review the pharmacology, efficacy, and safety of rilonacept for the prevention and treatment of recurrent pericarditis (RP). Data Sources A MEDLINE search was conducted between January 2006 and April 2021 using the following terms: rilonacept, pharmacology, pericarditis, recurrent pericarditis, interleukin (IL) antagonist, and pharmacology; prescribing information was also used. Study Selection and Data Extraction English-language studies assessing pharmacology, efficacy, and safety of IL antagonists were reviewed. Data Synthesis Rilonacept traps IL-1α and IL-1β. In the Phase III trial, rilonacept was associated with a lower risk of recurrence, more persistent clinical response, and higher amount of days with no or minimal pericarditis symptoms, compared with placebo. The median time to pain response was 5 days, and median time to normalization of C-reactive protein was 7 days with rilonacept. All patients receiving rilonacept during the run-in period were able to be weaned off of standard background therapy, leading to transition to rilonacept monotherapy. The most common adverse effects were upper respiratory tract infections and injection site reactions. Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice Rilonacept may be used for the prevention and treatment of multiple recurrences in patients receiving background therapy for RP, and reduction in risk of recurrence in adults and adolescents ≥12 years with elevated C-reactive protein. Rilonacept may be considered to wean patients from standard background therapy. Conclusion Rilonacept is a safe, once weekly, subcutaneously administered IL-1 “trap,” indicated for the treatment of RP, and reduction in risk of recurrent pericarditis in adults and children ≥12 years of age.
Treatment Preferences for Postpartum Depression Among New Israeli Mothers: The Contribution of Health Beliefs and Social Support
Authors: Simhi Meital , Cwikel Julie , Sarid Orly 
Published: August 2021

Background: Postpartum depression (PPD) may have adverse outcomes for mothers, their infants, and families. Despite the negative consequences of PPD many women hesitate to seek treatment. The theoretical concepts of this study were based on the health belief model, which focuses on the individual’s attitudes, beliefs, and intentions to seek treatment. Aim: The aim of the study was to examine whether health beliefs and social support mediate the links between sociodemographic variables and treatment preferences for PPD. Method: Cross-sectional survey, including 1,000 Jewish mothers attending the maternal and child health clinics in Israel for their infant’s medical exam, 4 weeks to 6 months postpartum. Results: Mother’s age and years of education correlated positively with preferences to receive treatment in the private sector and from professionals working in mental health clinics. The greater the number of children, the less likely new mothers were to favor these preferences. Structural equation modeling showed several mediating pathways: social support mediated the links between sociodemographic variables to health belief model components such as perceived benefits, barriers, and environmental cues. Health belief model components also mediated the links between sociodemographic factors and preferences for place of treatment, professionals, and modes of treatment for PPD. Conclusions: Health belief model components and social support are important mediating components that help explain mothers’ PPD treatment preferences. Health professionals such as psychiatric or public health nurses should increase awareness of women at risk for PPD and elicit their preferred treatment options.
Vietnamese–Australian children’s language proficiency and use
Authors: Tran Van H , Wang Cen , McLeod Sharynne , Verdon Sarah 
Published: August 2021

Aim: To explore Vietnamese–Australian children’s proficiency and use of Vietnamese and English and identify associated factors that are related to demographics, language practices, language ideologies, and language management. Methodology: Vietnamese–Australian parents ( n = 151) completed a questionnaire (in English or Vietnamese) regarding their child’s language proficiency and use, demographic details and a range of factors as conceptualized by Spolsky’s language policy theory: language practices; language ideologies; and language management. Data and analysis: Bivariate analyses (Pearson’s correlation and analysis of variance) and multiple regression models were conducted to explore associations between language proficiency and use and associated factors and identify the most significant factors. Findings/conclusions: Factors associated with children’s Vietnamese language proficiency (oral/written) included: demographic factors; language practices; language ideologies; and language management. In contrast, children’s English language proficiency (oral/written) was linked to demographic factors and language practices. Children’s Vietnamese language use was not significantly correlated with demographics but rather with language practices, language ideologies, and language management. Children’s home language use and proficiency did not have a negative impact upon their English proficiency. Originality: This study is the first to consider factors associated with Vietnamese–Australian children’s language proficiency and use. Significance/implications: Demographic factors, language practices, language ideologies, and language management were associated with children’s language proficiency and use. The results can be used by parents, educators, policy-makers, speech–language pathologists and other professionals to support Vietnamese–Australian and multilingual children around the world to develop and maintain their home and majority languages.
Hyperspectral imaging for the elimination of visual ambiguity in corrosion detection and identification of corrosion sources
Authors: Lavadiya Dayakar N , Sajid Hizb Ullah , Yellavajjala Ravi K , Sun Xin 
Published: August 2021

The similarity in the hue of corroded surfaces and coated surfaces, dust, vegetation, etc. leads to visual ambiguity which is challenging to eliminate using existing image classification/segmentation techniques. Furthermore, existing methods lack the ability to identify the source of corrosion, which plays a vital role in framing the corrosion mitigation strategies. The goal of this study to employ hyperspectral imaging (1) to detect corroded surfaces under visually ambiguous scenarios and (2) identify the source of corrosion in such scenarios. To this end, three different corrosive media, namely, (1) 1M hydrochloric acid (HCl), 2) 3.5 wt.% sodium chloride solution (NaCl), and (3) 3 wt.% sodium sulfate solution (Na2SO4), are employed to generate chemically distinctive corroded surfaces. The hyperspectral imaging sensor is employed to obtain the visible and near infrared (VNIR) spectra (397 nm–1004 nm) reflected by the corroded/coated surfaces. The intensity of the reflectance in various spectral bands are considered as the descriptive features in this study, and the training and test datasets were generated consisting of 35,000 and 15,000 data points, respectively. SVM classifier is trained and then its efficacy on the test data is assessed. Furthermore, validation datasets are employed and the generalization ability of the trained SVM classifier is verified. The results from this study revealed that the SVM classifier achieved an overall accuracy of 94% with the misclassifications of 18% and 13% in the case of NaCl and Na2SO4 corrosion, respectively. Reflectance spectra obtained in the VNIR region was found to eliminate the visual ambiguity between the corroded and coated surfaces and, identify the source of corrosion accurately. Further, the range of key wavelengths of the spectra that play an important role in the distinguishability of coating and chemically distinctive corroded surface were identified to be 500–520 nm, 660–680 nm, 760–770 nm, and 830–850 nm.