bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review: Extragastric diseases andHelicobacter pylori
Authors: Pellicano Rinaldo , Ianiro Gianluca , Fagoonee Sharmila , Settanni Carlo R. , Gasbarrini Antonio 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe involvement ofHelicobacter pyloriinfection in many extra‐gastroduodenal manifestations remains a fascinating field of investigation. However, for several of these supposed associations, the potential pathogenic mechanism remains unclear. The present review highlights the main associations ofH pyloriwith extra‐gastroduodenal manifestations reported during the last year. We searched for the most relevant studies on this topic, published between April 2019 and March 2020, identified using the term “Helicobacter” in the MEDLINE/Pubmed database. Consistent data emerged from studies investigating metabolic syndrome and ischaemic cardiovascular diseases. Other reported fields of investigation were hepatology, especially focused on non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis, neurology, including Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease, as well as dermatology. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), that comprises Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, may originate from a dysregulation of the host’s immune response to commensal bacteria in individuals with genetic predisposition. The reduction of biodiversity and other specific imbalances in the faecal microbiome composition of IBD patients compared to that of healthy controls support this hypothesis. In this context, an inverse correlation betweenH pyloriinfection and IBD prevalence has been confirmed. Similar results were found in patients with kidney diseases and allergic manifestations. There are indications of the possible involvement ofH pyloriinfection in metabolic syndrome and ischaemic cardiovascular diseases. However, due to a series of factors linked to study designs and the multifactorial pathogenesis of some diseases, further studies are needed.
Review: Other Helicobacter species
Authors: Smet Annemieke , Menard Armelle 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis review covers the most important, accessible, and relevant literature published between April 2019 and April 2020 in the field of non‐Helicobacter pylori Helicobacter species (NHPH). The initial part of the review covers new insights regarding the presence of gastric and enterohepatic NHPH in humans and animals, while the subsequent section focuses on the progress in our understanding of animal models, the pathogenicity and omics of these species. Over the last year, the clinical relevance of gastric NHPH infections in humans was highlighted. With regard to NHPH in animals, the ancestral source of Helicobacter suis was further established showing that Cynomolgus macaques are the common ancestor of the pig‐associated H. suis population, and 3 novel Helicobacter species isolated from the gastric mucosa of red foxes were described. "Helicobacter burdigaliensis" sp nov. and "Helicobacter labetoulli" sp nov. were proposed as novel enterohepatic Helicobacter species associated with human digestive diseases. An analysis of Helicobacter cinaedi recurrent infections in humans proposed long‐term antibiotic therapies. Several studies using rodent models further elucidated the mechanisms underlying the development of NHPH‐related disease, as well as intestinal immunity in inflammatory bowel disease models. Omics approaches supported Helicobacteraceae taxonomy and unraveled the transcriptomic signatures of H. suis and Helicobacter heilmannii upon adherence to the human gastric epithelium. With regard to virulence, data showed that the nuclear remodeling promoted by cytolethal distending toxin of Helicobacters involves the MAFB oncoprotein and is associated with nucleoplasmic reticulum formation in surviving cells.
‘It reshaped how I will do research’: A qualitative exploration of team members’ experiences with youth and family engagement in a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sheikhan Natasha Y. , Hawke Lisa D. , Cleverley Kristin , Darnay Karleigh , Courey Lynn , Szatmari Peter , Cheung Amy , Henderson Joanna 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundEngaging youth and family members as active partners in research and service design offers great promise in improving projects. In youth mental health, recent research has highlighted the value of youth and family engagement. However, research on the experience and impacts of engagement is sparse.ObjectiveThis study explores the project team's experience of youth and family engagement in the design and development of the YouthCan IMPACT randomized controlled trial and clinical service pathway design.DesignQualitative data collected using semi‐structured interviews and a focus group as part of the YouthCan IMPACT clinical trial were analysed to understand the impacts of engagement. Twenty‐eight team members were interviewed, including youth and family members. A qualitative content analysis was conducted, with a member checking process.ResultsTeam members reported facilitators, barriers and impacts of youth and family engagement. Facilitators included a safe environment and strong procedures conducive to inclusion in co‐design. Barriers included logistical, structural and institutional constraints. Overall, team members found youth and family engagement to be valuable and to positively impact the research and service design process.Discussion and ConclusionsYouth and family engagement played a critical role in research and clinical service pathway design. The team found that their involvement improved the quality of the research and service pathway through sustained and multifaceted engagement. Facilitators and barriers to engagement may serve to guide future engagement initiatives. Future research should evaluate the long‐term impact of early engagement and further focus on family engagement.Patient/Public ContributionYouth and family members were engaged in the data analysis and interpretation process.
Do parasocial interactions and vicarious experiences in the beauty YouTube channels promote consumer purchase intention?
Authors: Lee Minsun , Lee Hyun‐Hwa 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWatching beauty YouTube channels when searching for product information and learning how to do makeup is becoming very popular among young women. This study focused on the parasocial interactions that arise between beauty YouTubers and viewers during video viewings. We examined the effects of parasocial interactions on consumer purchase intentions through vicarious experience and perceived risk. Data from 318 Korean women in their 20s validated the hypothesized research model. We used AMOS 25.0 to conduct structural equation modeling with maximum likelihood estimation. Our analysis showed that parasocial interactions promote viewers' vicarious experiences of content diagnosticity and vicarious expression, which in turn reduce risk perceptions and increase viewers' purchase intentions. This study provides evidence supporting the applicability of parasocial interactions as a theoretical framework to explain consumer perceptions of virtual relationships and their impacts on consumers' vicarious experiences and purchase decision processes in the YouTube environment. The results also indicate that strengthening parasocial interactions between presenters and viewers can make beauty YouTube channels more effective marketing tools. However, the generalizability of the results is limited to beauty YouTube contexts involving large numbers of subscribers.
Efficacy of LGE‐MRI‐guided fibrosis ablation versus conventional catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: The DECAAF II trial: Study design
Authors: Marrouche Nassir F. , Greene Tom , Dean J. Michael , Kholmovski Eugene G. , Boer Leonie Morrison‐de , Mansour Moussa , Calkins Hugh , Marchlinski Francis , Wilber David , Hindricks Gerhard , Mahnkopf Christian , Jais Pierre , Sanders Prashanthan , Brachmann Johannes , Bax Jereon , Dagher Lilas , Wazni Oussama , Akoum Nazem ,   The DECAAF II Investigators
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionSuccess rates of catheter ablation in persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) remain suboptimal. A better and more targeted ablation strategy is urgently needed to optimize outcomes of AF treatment. We sought to assess the safety and efficacy of targeting atrial fibrosis during ablation of persistent AF patients in improving procedural outcomes.MethodsThe DECAAF II trial (ClinicalTrials. gov identifier number NCT02529319) is a prospective, randomized, multicenter trial of patients with persistent AF. Patients with persistent AF undergoing a first‐time ablation procedure were randomized in a 1:1 fashion to receive conventional pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) ablation (Group 1) or PVI + fibrosis‐guided ablation (Group 2). Left atrial fibrosis and ablation induced scarring were defined by late gadolinium enhancement magnetic resonance imaging at baseline and at 3–12 months postablation, respectively. The primary endpoint is the recurrence of atrial arrhythmia postablation, including atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, or atrial tachycardia after the 90‐day postablation blanking period. Patients were followed for a period of 12–18 months with a smartphone ECG Device (ECG Check Device, Cardiac Designs Inc.). With an anticipated enrollment of 900 patients, this study has an 80% power to detect a 26% reduction in the hazard ratio of the primary endpoint.Results and ConclusionThe DECAAF II trial is the first prospective, randomized, multicenter trial of patients with persistent AF using imaging defined atrial fibrosis as a treatment target. The trial will help define an optimal approach to catheter ablation of persistent AF, further our understanding of influencers of ablation lesion formation, and refine selection criteria for ablation based on atrial myopathy burden.
Phase 1 study on the safety and efficacy of E6011, antifractalkine antibody, in patients with Crohn's disease
Authors: Matsuoka Katsuyoshi , Naganuma Makoto , Hibi Toshifumi , Tsubouchi Hirohito , Oketani Kiyoshi , Katsurabara Toshinori , Hojo Seiichiro , Takenaka Osamu , Kawano Tetsu , Imai Toshio , Kanai Takanori 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground and AimE6011 is a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting fractalkine (FKN), a CX3C chemokine, which regulates leukocyte trafficking during inflammation. We evaluated the safety and pharmacokinetic profile of E6011 in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and also performed preliminary pharmacodynamic (PD) and efficacy assessments.MethodsThis study included a 12‐week multiple ascending dose (MAD) phase (2, 5, 10, and 15 mg/kg intravenously every 2 weeks, n = 6, 8, 7, and 7, respectively) and a 40‐week Extension phase (n = 12) at the same dose as the MAD phase. Serum E6011, serum total FKN (free soluble FKN and E6011‐FKN complex) as a PD marker and CD activity index were evaluated. The primary outcome was safety assessment in the MAD phase.ResultsTwenty‐seven (96%) of 28 patients had previously been treated with anti‐tumor necrosis factor α agents. During the MAD phase, adverse events (AEs) occurred in 18 (64%). The most common AE was nasopharyngitis (five patients, 18%). No severe AEs occurred. Serious AEs occurred in three patients, progression of CD in two, and anemia in one. Serum E6011 concentrations increased dose‐dependently after infusion and reached a plateau around 4–6 weeks. Serum total FKN rose simultaneously. Five (18%) patients developed anti‐E6011 antibodies during the study. Overall, clinical response and clinical remission were observed at Week 12 in 40% (10/25) and 16% (4/25) of active CD patients, respectively.ConclusionE6011 was well‐tolerated and might be effective in CD patients. These findings need to be clarified in a randomized controlled study.
Visfatin exacerbates hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in a methionine‐choline‐deficient diet mouse model
Authors: Heo Yu Jung , Choi Sung‐E , Lee Nami , Jeon Ja Young , Han Seung Jin , Kim Dae Jung , Kang Yup , Lee Kwan Woo , Kim Hae Jin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground and AimNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) ranges from simple steatosis to non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis, which is characterized by hepatic inflammation that can progress to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Visfatin, an adipocytokine, was reported to induce pro‐inflammatory cytokines and can be associated with liver fibrosis. We investigated the role of visfatin on hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in a methionine‐choline‐deficient (MCD)‐diet‐induced steatohepatitis mouse model.MethodsEight‐week‐old male C57BL/6 J mice were randomly assigned into one of three groups: (1) saline‐injected control diet group; (2) saline‐injected MCD diet group; and (3) visfatin‐injected MCD diet group (n = 8 per group). Mice were administered intravenous saline or 10 μg/kg of recombinant murine visfatin for 2 weeks. Histologic assessment of liver and biochemical and molecular measurements of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, reactive oxidative stress (ROS), inflammation, and fibrosis were performed in livers from these animals.ResultsVisfatin injection aggravated hepatic steatosis and increased plasma alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase concentrations. Visfatin increased inflammatory cell infiltration (as indicated by F4/80, CD68, ly6G, and CD3 mRNA expression) and expression of chemokines in the liver. Visfatin also increased the expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines (IL‐1β, TNF‐α, and IL‐6) and activated fibrosis markers (CTGF, TIMP1, collagen 1α2, collagen 3α2, αSMA, fibronectin, and vimentin) in liver. Livers of visfatin‐injected mice showed upregulation of ER stress and ROS and activation of JNK signaling.ConclusionsThese results suggest that visfatin aggravates hepatic inflammation together with induction of ER and oxidative stress and exacerbates fibrosis in an MCD‐diet‐fed mouse model of NAFLD.
Caregiver support and place of death among older adults
Authors: Lei Lianlian , Gerlach Lauren B. , Powell Victoria D. , Maust Donovan T. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground/objectivesAs home becomes the most common place of death in the United States, information about caregiver support and place of death is critical to improve patient and caregiver experiences at end of life. We seek to examine (1) the association between family care availability and place of death; and (2) caregiving intensity associated with place of death.Design2017 National Health and Aging Trends Study and National Study of Caregiving; nationally representative cross‐sectional study of deceased older adults and last‐month‐of‐life (LML) caregivers.SettingUnited States; all places of deaths.ParticipantsThree‐hundred and seventy‐five decedents and 267 LML caregivers.MeasurementsPlace of death (home, hospital, and nursing or hospice facility), family care availability (spouse/partner, household size, number of daughters and sons), caregiving intensity (hours of help provided at LML and a binary indicator for high care‐related emotional difficulty).Results38.9% of older adults died at home, followed by hospital (33.1%), and nursing or hospice facility (28.0%). In an adjusted multinomial logistic regression, decedents with larger household size (odds ratio [OR]: 0.441; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.269–0.724) and more daughters (OR: 0.743 [95% CI: 0.575–0.958]) had lower odds of dying in nursing or hospice facility relative to dying at home. For older adults who died at home, caregivers provided 209.8 h of help at LML. In contrast, when death occurred in nursing or hospice facility, caregivers provided 91.6 fewer hours of help, adjusted for decedent and caregiver characteristics. Dying in hospital was associated with higher odds of caregiver emotional difficulty relative to home deaths (OR: 4.093 [95% CI: 1.623–10.323]).ConclusionsHousehold size and number of daughters are important determinants of place of death. Despite dying at home being associated with more hours of direct caregiving; caregiver emotional strain was experienced as higher for hospital deaths. Better support services for end‐of‐life caregivers might improve patient and caregiver experiences for home and hospital deaths.
Effect of different shapes of recipient site creation micro‐blades at varying angles and wound injury
Authors: Ahmad Muhammad , Ismail Muhammad 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundWound injury is a critical issue in hair restoration. The shape and size of blades cause varying degree of tissue trauma.AimsTo check (mathematically) the tissue trauma (injury) caused by different shapes of the blades at varying angles.Patients/MethodsThe trigonometric theories were applied to each shape and angles to calculate the surface area (correlating with the tissue injury). These shapes included rectangular blade, 30°‐angled blades, 60°‐angled blade, 30°‐sapphire blade, and 60°‐sapphire blade. The surface areas were calculated at 90°, 45°, 30°, and 15° insertion angles.ResultsThe 30°‐sapphire blade caused the least injury followed by 30°‐angled blade. The rectangular blade had the largest surface area and hence will produce the maximum amount of tissue injury. The blade at 90° produced maximum injury whereas the blade entering at 15°, produced lowest amount of tissue injury. The blade in sagittal direction caused less injury as compared to the blade in coronal direction.ConclusionThe 30°‐sapphire blade caused the least tissue injury whereas the rectangular blade caused maximum injury. The amount of tissue injury decreases as the angle of insertion decreases and vice versa.
The Impact of Quarantines, Lockdowns, and ‘Reopenings’ on the Commercialization of Science: Micro and Macro Issues
Authors: Siegel Donald S. , Guerrero Maribel 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn 2020, almost all research labs in industry, academia, and the government were shut down for long periods of time by political leaders to control the spread of the coronavirus. We consider the “micro” and “macro” implications of ongoing coronavirus disruptions in scientific research and the dissemination and commercialization of that research. We have identified three key unanswered research questions regarding these unprecedented disruptions: (1) How is the pandemic affecting conventional measures of scientific output (the quantity and quality of basic research) and performance, social networks, and the strategic management of innovation? (2) How is the pandemic affecting technology transfer offices, incubators, accelerators, science and technology parks, and other aspects of the innovation ecosystem? (3) How do pandemic disruptions affect micro‐level factors, such as role conflict, identity, work‐life balance, equity, diversity, inclusion, “championing,” leadership, and organizational justice?
Deep Learning Corpus Callosum Segmentation as a Neurodegenerative Marker in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Platten Michael , Brusini Irene , Andersson Olle , Ouellette Russell , Piehl Fredrik , Wang Chunliang , Granberg Tobias 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTBackground and PurposeCorpus callosum atrophy is a sensitive biomarker of multiple sclerosis (MS) neurodegeneration but typically requires manual 2D or volumetric 3D‐based segmentations. We developed a supervised machine learning algorithm, DeepnCCA, for corpus callosum segmentation and relate callosal morphology to clinical disability using conventional MRI scans collected in clinical routine.MethodsIn a prospective study of 553 MS patients with 704 acquisitions, 200 unique 2D T2‐weighted MRI scans were delineated to develop, train, and validate DeepnCCA. Comparative FreeSurfer segmentations were obtained in 504 3D T1‐weighted scans. Both FreeSurfer and DeepnCCA outputs were correlated with clinical disability. Using principal component analysis of the DeepnCCA output, the morphological changes were explored in relation to clinical disease burden.ResultsDeepnCCA and manual segmentations had high similarity (Dice coefficients 98.1.11%, 89.3.76%, for intracranial and corpus callosum area, respectively through 10‐fold cross‐validation). DeepnCCA had numerically stronger correlations with cognitive and physical disability as compared to FreeSurfer: Expanded disability status scale (EDSS) ±6 months (r = –.22 P = .002; r = –.17, P = .013), future EDSS (r = –.26, P<.001; r = –.17, P = .012), and future symbol digit modalities test (r = .26, P = .001; r = .24, P = .003). The corpus callosum became thinner with increasing cognitive and physical disability. Increasing physical disability, additionally, significantly correlated with a more angled corpus callosum.ConclusionsDeepnCCA (https://github.com/plattenmichael/DeepnCCA/) is an openly available tool that can provide fast and accurate corpus callosum measurements applicable to large MS cohorts, potentially suitable for monitoring disease progression and therapy response.
X/Y shaped periorbital reconstructive surgery following enucleation or exenteration in dogs and cats: 24 cases (2013–2020)
Authors: Vlachomitrou I. E. , Cinti F. , Kumaratunga V. , Nuti M. , Pisani G. 
Published: February 2021

ObjectivesTo describe the X/Y shaped periorbital reconstruction technique following enucleation or exenteration in dogs and cats and to evaluate its cosmetic and functional results.Materials and MethodsMedical records of dogs and cats from two different institutions that required enucleation or exenteration, followed by an additional X or Y plasty using fibrous periorbital tissue for cosmetic reasons, were retrospectively reviewed. All patients were evaluated clinically at 1–2 weeks, 2 months and 6 months. The eyelid sinking was scored as absent or present.ResultsNineteen dogs and five cats were included in the study. Twelve dogs and three cats had an enucleation, while the remaining seven dogs and two cats underwent exenteration. In the short‐term follow up, three patients had periorbital oedema. Sixty days and 6 months post‐surgery, two cats and two dogs showed eyelid depression. These two dogs were both dolichocephalic breeds. The rest of the patients showed no eyelid sinking, while the periorbital oedema observed in the short‐term follow up in the two dogs and one cat had completely resolved. The four patients with ocular neoplasia did not have the 6 months follow up, because of fatal metastatic disease or euthanasia.Clinical SignificanceThe X/Y periorbital reconstructive procedure is quick, easy to perform and it provided satisfying long‐term cosmetic results, except for four cases that developed eyelid depression.