bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep Learning Predicts Subtype Heterogeneity and Outcomes in Luminal A Breast Cancer Using Routinely Stained Whole-Slide Images
Authors: Kurian Nikhil Cherian , Gann Peter H. , Kumar Neeraj , McGregor Stephanie M. , Verma Ruchika , Sethi Amit 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) presents challenges for precision oncology, but methods for its spatial quantification, scalable at population levels, do not exist. Based on previous work showing that the admixture of PAM50 subtype can be measured from bulk tissue using transcriptomic data, we trained a deep convolutional neural network to quantify subtype ITH in luminal A (LumA) breast cancer from routinely stained whole-slide images. We tested the hypothesis that subtype admixture detected in images was associated with tumor aggressiveness and adverse outcomes. In 680 cases from the TCGA-BRCA cohort, we determined adherence to assigned subtype by applying matrix factorization to each transcriptome. The purest cases were split into groups for initial testing, training, and parameter tuning. A total of 230 LumA-assigned cases were held out for final testing. Image patches were fed into a deep neural network pretrained on histology images. We measured the association of tumor area classified as LumA in the image with tumor characteristics and survival. Among LumA-assigned cases, admixture was associated with slightly higher estrogen receptor positivity but lower progesterone receptor (PR) positivity and estrogen receptor–related gene expression and higher HER2 positivity, tumor size, grade, and tumor–node–metastasis stage. Image admixture was associated with more TP53 and fewer PIK3CA mutations. Progression-free survival was significantly shorter in more admixed cases. Our findings demonstrate that deep learning, trained to recognize genomic correlates in tissue morphology, can quantify and map subtype admixture in LumA breast cancer that has clinical significance. The low cost and scalability of this method hold potential as a research tool for investigating ITH and perhaps improving the efficacy of precision oncology.

Significance:
A deep learning model, trained using transcriptomic data, inexpensively quantifies and fine-maps ITH due to subtype admixture in routine images of LumA breast cancer, the most favorable subtype. This new approach could facilitate exploration of the mechanisms behind such heterogeneity and its impact on selection of therapy for individual patients.
A Cost-Effective Two-Step Approach for Multi-Cancer Early Detection in High-Risk Populations
Authors: Geng Shuaipeng , Li Shiyong , Wu Wei , Chang Yinyin , Mao Mao 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In population-wide cancer screening, three key issues need to be focused on: the number of cancer cases identified, the number of false positives, and the cost. OncoSeek is a multi-cancer early detection (MCED) test using seven protein tumor markers and artificial intelligence. SeekInCare is an MCED test that integrates the seven protein tumor markers and four cancer genomic features from cell-free DNA by shallow whole-genome sequencing. In a two-step approach, the initial screening is conducted using OncoSeek, and SeekInCare is then used as the secondary test for individuals who tested positive by OncoSeek. We simulated a screening in five million adults ages ≥50 years with a cancer incidence rate of 1.9%. Whereas at 91.0% specificity OncoSeek had 441,450 false positives, using the two-step approach significantly reduced false positives to 34,335 (0.7%). Although SeekInCare and Galleri identified more cancer cases (32,015 and 27,455, respectively) than the two-step MCED (21,280), their total costs reached $3,750 million and $4,745 million, respectively. As the positive predictive value of two-step MCED (38.3%) was comparable with SeekInCare (27.7%) and Galleri (38.3%), it reduced the cost by 5.3-fold and 6.6-fold, respectively, amounting to a total cost of $713.6 million and a cost of $143 per individual screened. The cost of per cancer case detected was $117,133 for SeekInCare and $172,828 for Galleri, which were 3.5-fold and 5.2-fold higher, respectively, than the two-step MCED ($33,534). The two-step approach not only significantly reduces false positives but also cuts down the screening cost substantially, making it a cost-effective strategy for population-wide cancer screening.

Significance:
Large-scale screening inevitably leads to significant financial burdens on the healthcare system, which is a key factor constraining nationwide screenings. The two-step MCED approach not only maintains comparable performance but also substantially alleviates financial strains compared with the direct use of next-generation sequencing–based MCED tests for massive screenings.
ثنائية العروبة والإفريقية في الأدب السوداني: تفكيك القراءة الإثنية
Authors: Rubino Marcella 
Published: December 2024

تلخيص
لقد اكتشف الباحثون في الأدب العربي المعاصر القيمة المتميزة للإنتاج الأدبي السوداني وغزارته ابتداء من الألفية الثالثة، وبدأوا يلاحظون أهمية دراسة هذا الفضاء الواقع على مفترق الطرق بين الفضائين العربي والإفريقي. شهد السودان بعد استقلاله سنة 1956 حروبا وانقلابات عديدة وعاشت فيه الفئات التي تعرف عن نفسها بأنها إفريقية تحت سيطرة نخبة سياسية فرضت اعتناق الدين الإسلامي واستعمال اللغة العربية في كل مناطق البلاد. انطلاقا من هذا الواقع المعقد، أراد عدد من الباحثين المعاصرين أن ينتقدوا النظريات السائدة التي تصوّر الحروب الواقعة في السودان على أنها فقطً ذات أبعاد إثنية وأثبتوا أن لها أبعاداً أخرى، أولها تهميش الأقاليم من قبل المركز، وثانيها استقطاب الهويات واستخدام العامل الإثني من قبل السلطة. سيتناول هذا المقال المسألة من وجهة نظر الأدب الروائي، ولاسيما روايات عبد العزيز بركة ساكن وحمور زيادة واستيلا قايتانو ومنصور الصويم، ساعيا إلى إظهار مساهمة هذه النصوص الأدبية في تفكيك ثنائية العروبة والإفريقية وإبدالها بثنائية ذات أبعاد سياسية واجتماعية.
Le commentateur sportif comme figure moderne de la faṣāḥa
Authors: Abouelgamal Tarek 
Published: December 2024

Résumé
ʾAllāhu akbar hāza huwa ʿadl as-samāʾ. ʿAdālat as-samāʿ nazalit ʿalā istād Bālirmō/ kallala Allāhu maghūdāt al-maṣriyyīn bi-n-nagāḥ « Dieu est grand, c’est bien cela la justice du ciel. La justice du ciel est descendue au stade de Palerme. Dieu a couronné de succès les efforts des Égyptiens ».
Lorsque le commentateur sportif Maḥmūd Bakr prononçait ces mots, il ne savait peut-être pas qu’ils passeraient à la postérité. Plus de vingt ans plus tard, cette phrase est devenue proverbiale. Peu importe si en réalité il s’agissait plus d’une injustice que d’une instance de rétribution divine, puisque la faute sifflée en faveur de l’Égypte avait été très clairement commise en dehors de la zone du penalty. Mais au-delà de l’aspect purement footballistique de l’évnement, pourquoi un commentateur sportif évoque-t-il la justice divine pour une décision d’arbitre ? Pourquoi son énoncé s’élève-t-il brusquement vers une variété linguistique prestigieuse en prononçant la voyelle de flexion du mot Allāhu ? Pourquoi ce ton martial en prononçant la voyelle longue finale de Bālirmō tandis que le dialecte égyptien abrège systématiquement les voyelles longues finales ? Nous nous proposerons de répondre à ces questions en analysant un corpus de commentaire sportif de huit matchs. À la lumière de ce corpus, nous soutenons l’idée que le commentaire sportif s’appuie sur des éléments qui constituent une figure moderne de la faṣāḥa, celle-ci répondant à la fois aux exigences classiques de la pureté et de la clarté, et aux contraintes de l’éloquence dans le contexte moderne de l’État-nation.
Depicting the Holy Cities: Study on a Nineteenth-Century Chinese Islamic Pilgrimage Scroll
Authors: Jin Shunhua 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article examines a scroll entitled “The Illustration of Arabia” (天方圖考) which is held at the Italian Geographical Society in Rome. Made by a Chinese Muslim, it offers a unique visual and intellectual perspective on Islamic holy sites. The research transcribes and translates the text of scroll into English, and analyses it in the Chinese Islamic context, comparing them to Chinese cosmology, mythology, and the Han Kitab. It also explores the visual content of the scroll, examining the tradition of the Western Asian imagery of Islamic holy sites, Chinese cartography, and the local Muslim visual environment. Furthermore, this article traces Chinese Muslim pilgrimages in the nineteenth century and discusses the visual resources from West Asia that were available to Chinese Muslims.
Seeing the Muslim Gravestones in Medieval Quanzhou as an Integral Cultural Product
Authors: Li Guotong 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Material cultural historians have promoted a new approach to the old discoveries of diasporic Muslim gravestones in maritime Asia, seeing the stones as an “integral cultural product.” Quanzhou has by far the richest trove of Islamic inscriptions. Many read through the inscribed texts, but their studies lack an integral examination of the wider social context of manufacturing. This research focuses on material remains of engraved gravestones and shifts the inquiry from the inscribed text to the circumstances of manufacture, such as material, technology, the social and political context, and interactions between the stone carvers and their Muslim patrons. By seeing the gravestones as products of the whole society, it challenges the oversimplified view of cultural assimilation to reveal the trading community’s cultural diversity. Manufacture of and trade in gravestones across the South China Sea also nuances the history of dissemination of material culture in the region.
الموسيقى والأخلاق عند أبي نصر الفارابي: في إمكان الأخلاقيَّة الحرَّة من منظورٍ موسيقانيٍّ
Authors: العيادي سالم 
Published: December 2024

ملخّص
يتناول المقال مسألة العلاقة بين الموسيقى والأخلاق من منظور مخصوص هو منظور اللَّذَّة الإستطيقيَّة بوصفها كمالاً للإدراك. ويسعى إلى بيان الصِّلة بين الإستطيقا والإتيقا كاشفاً عن ارتباط الموسيقى (الغناء بوصفه لعباً نافعاً) بالحكم الأخلاقيّ القائم على ثنائيّة المحمود والمذموم والفضيلة والرّذيلة من جهةٍ أولى، وعن إمكانيَّة التَّأسيس لأخلاقيَّة حرَّة بفضل اللّعب الموسيقيّ الحرّ (العزف) المتحرّك في فضاء الحرّيَّة والاستهتار من جهة ثانية. وقد بان لنا من منظور اللّذّة الموسيقيّة أن بعض المفردات يمكن إعادة النّظر فيها وتعميق دلالتها مفهوميًّا وإشكاليًّا، وعلى رأسها مفهوم السَّعادة والفضيلة‫.‬
المخطوطات الطبيَّة العربيَّة في دار المخطوطات الأرمنيَّة ”الماتيناداران“، باسم ميسروب ماشدوتس
Authors: ماكاريان فنيرا 
Published: December 2024

الملخَّص
‫تتضمَّنُ دار المخطوطات الأرمنيَّة ”الماتيناداران“ باسم ميسروب ماشدوتس (Matenadaran – Mesrop Mashtots Institute of Ancient Manuscripts) مجموعةَ مخطوطات بالخط العربيِّ بينها 17 مخطوطة طبيَّة (اثنتان منها بأبجديَّة عبريَّة) وقصاصةً واحدة.‬
‫ومن الجدير بالذكر أنه على الرغم من أن المخطوطات الطبيَّة العربيَّة للماتينداران تشكِّلُ جزءًا صغيرًا من إجمالي المخطوطات العربيَّة (نحو 2000 وحدة) فإنها ذات قيمة كبيرة من حيث المحتوى، وتتضمن دراسات مشهورة تمثلُ حجرَ الأساس في الطبِّ الشرقيِّ في العصور الوسطى.‬
‫ينضافُ إلى أهميَّة دراسة المخطوطات الفردية الكاملة لهذه المجموعة دراسة المجموعات الطبيَّة التي تشملُ العديد من الأعمال (يصلُ عددُها إلى تسعة أعمال)، وهي تُعَدُّ في غاية الأهميَّة والقيمة. ولكن – في المقابل – توجد مخطوطات من هذا القبيل، التي لا تزال مجهولة على الرغم من البحوث المكثفة حولها.‬
‫وبالإضافة إلى النص الرئيس المتواجد في معظم مجموعات المخطوطات الطبيَّة العربيَّة هناك العديد من الوصفات الطبيَّة والتعليمات والأدعية المتعلقة بالطب والسحر، التي غالبًا ما تكون مكتوبةً في هوامش المخطوطات أو البطانة أو الأوراق المحفوظة أو تكون ملحقةً بصفحات منفصلة من المخطوطة.‬
‫يمتدُّ تسلسلُ للمخطوطات الطبيَّة زمنيًّا من القرن الثالث عشر إلى القرن العشرين، على الرغم من أن معظم المخطوطات تعود إلى القرنين السابع عشر والثامن عشر. وقد شُكِّلَت هذه المجموعةُ وَجُمِعَت بشكل أساسيٍّ من مجموعات كان يمتلكُها أفرادٌ، مثل فاروجان سالاتيان وهوفانيس باسماجيان وهاروتيون هازاريان (Varuzhan Salatyan, Hovhannes Basmatchyan, Harutyun Hazaryan)، ومن خلال تبرُّعات فردية من محمد غالب مخيدينوفيتش صادق والكاثوليكوس عموم الأرمن فاسكين الأول (Catholicos of All Armenians Vazgen the First and Mohsmed Ghalib Mukhiddinovich Sadigh) (1955–1984) ، ومن خلال مشتريات من أرشالويس نازاريان وليليانا هاروتيونيان (Arshaluys Nazaryan, Liliana Harutyunyan).‬
“Slavic Core” – an Internet Aesthetic or Generation Z’s Struggle for Identity?
Authors: Pejasz Michał , Staszewska Zuzanna 
Published: December 2024

“Slavic Core” – an Internet Aesthetic or Generation Z’s Struggle for Identity?
The main focus of the work is the so-called “Slavic Core” TikTok phenomenon. The authors attempt to describe what this new trend is, how it is implemented by users, and how to interpret the results of its analysis. The research draws from cultural studies, implementing elements from the fields of visual arts and sociolinguistics.

Slavic Core – internetowa estetyka czy walka o tożsamość pokolenia Z?
Przedmiotem uwagi jest istniejący na portalu społecznościowym TikTok fenomen tzw. Slavic Core. Autorzy dokonują próby wyjaśnienia, czym on jest oraz jak jest implementowany przez użytkowników. Ponadto proponują, jak interpretować wykazane tendencje. Perspektywa badawcza opiera się na założeniach kulturoznawstwa i odsyła do zagadnień z zakresu sztuk wizualnych oraz socjolingwistyki.
Supernatural, Folksong and Human Sacrifice
Authors: Kordos Przemysław 
Published: December 2024

Supernatural, Folksong and Human Sacrifice
This article analyses the fantastic elements in the demotic song “Bridge in Arta”. This ballad is a frequent object of research, but mainly genetic and structural, in Balkan contexts. The author focuses on another aspect of it: the multiplicity and multi-levelness of the supernatural (fantastical) elements appearing in its versions, but using contemporary conceptions of thinking about speculative texts.

To, co nadprzyrodzone, pieśń ludowa i ofiara ludzka
W artykule zostały przeanalizowane elementy fantastyczne w pieśni gminnej Most w Arta. Ballada ta jest częstym przedmiotem badań, przede wszystkim genetycznych i strukturalnych, i to w kontekstach bałkańskich. Autor skupia się na innym jej aspekcie: wielości i wielopoziomowości elementów nadprzyrodzonych (fantastycznych) pojawiających się w jej różnych wersjach, i wykorzystuje współczesne koncepcje myślenia o tekstach spekulatywnych.
Indigenous people display lower mental illness stigma in Aotearoa
Authors: Jamieson Issac , Winter Taylor , Mason Andre , Fehoko Edmond , Arahanga-Doyle Hitaua , Fox Ririwai , Scarf Damian 
Published: December 2024

Background: Mental illness stigma continues to be pervasive and problematic in society. Researchers have attempted to better understand this stigma through investigations into demographic factors that may predict stigma, focusing on factors such as age, ethnicity and education. Method: We investigated demographic factors in the context of Aotearoa New Zealand, with a particular focus on Māori, the Indigenous people of Aotearoa. We used data from the Health Promotion Agency, which collected representative samples from Aotearoa across three survey waves (total n = 3518). Assessment instruments were the Mental Health Knowledge Scale (MAKS), the Reported and Intended Behaviour Scale (RIBS) and the Community Mental Health Ideology subscale of the Community Attitudes towards the Mentally Ill (CAMI). Using linear mixed-effects model we controlled for several demographic variables (e.g. age, biological sex, education and socioeconomic status) and additional variables (e.g. having a psychological condition and whether participants knew someone with mental illness) across three models for each measure. Results: The results revealed that mental illness stigma was lower among both Māori and European participants. Additional variables and their associations with mental illness stigma are also discussed. Conclusion: Overall, this study illustrates mental illness stigma as lower among Indigenous people in Aotearoa, which prompts further research into ethnicity and mental illness stigma as well as non-Western understandings of mental illness.
The Role of Quantitative DMSA Scan Analysis in Assessing Prognosis of Acute Pyelonephritis in Children
Authors: Tahlili Roya , Mardanshahi Alireza , Abedi Seyed Mohammad , Mohammadjafari Hamid 
Published: December 2024

Objective: We assessed the quantitative pattern of Dimercaptosuccinic acid scan (DMSA) in children with acute pyelonephritis. Methods: In a retrospective study, we reviewed DMSA of children with APN based on 7 qualitative and quantitative items. Results: A total of 186 patients (age 27.8 ± 25.9 months, 157 (84%) female) enrolled in the study. The global defect was not found in 90% of children as well differential function ≥40% in 86% of patients. The other 5 items showed abnormal findings in 57% to 67% of children. Abnormality in the extent of defect, total points of involvement, number of involved segments, and differential renal function significantly predict late DMSA disturbances. There was no significant difference between patients with different grades of vesicoureteral reflux in any items on DMSA. We found no significant relationship between any items on DMSA and recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI). Conclusion: Quantitative assessment of DMSA offers at least 4 items that reveal subtle cortical involvements with long-term significance.
Involvement of the astroglial glutamate–glutamine cycle in the analgesic effects of electroacupuncture in a rat model of chronic neuropathic pain
Authors: Zhu Hao-Han , Song Xing-Ke , Zhang Jian-Liang , Zhang Jin-Ling , Rong Pei-Jing , Wang Jun-Ying 
Published: December 2024

Objective: Our previous study found that astrocytes are involved in cumulative analgesia; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The aim of this study was to further explore the potential role of astrocytes in the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on neuropathic pain by focusing on the glutamate–glutamine cycle. Methods: 69 male Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into a normal control group, untreated chronic constriction injury (CCI) model group and EA-treated model (CCI + EA) group. EA was applied bilaterally at ST36 and GB34. Pain thresholds were assessed using behavioral tests and thermal stimuli. We examined the co-expression of glutamate/aspartate transporter (GLAST) via immunofluorescence and measured the expression levels of GLAST, glutamate transporter (GLT)-1 and glutamine synthetase (GS) using Western blotting and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Glutamate (Glu) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). To validate the impact of GLAST/GLT-1 in the analgesic effect of EA, an additional 30 SD male rats were divided into groups receiving intrathecal saline, GLAST antagonist or GLT-1 antagonist alongside EA. Results: Post-CCI, pain thresholds were decreased, GLAST expression was diminished, and spinal Glu levels were increased. EA treatment reversed these effects, improved pain thresholds and GLAST/GLT-1 expression in astrocytes, and reduced Glu levels. Antagonist administration negated the analgesic effects of EA. Conclusion: Repeated EA administration inhibited CCI-induced chronic neuropathic pain in rats, corresponding to a reversal of decreased expression of GLAST and GLT-1, which may have accelerated the clearance of Glu and thereby reduced its concentration. Regulation of the astroglial glutamate–glutamine cycle is a potential target of EA.
Determinants of Venture Investment in Emerging Markets
Authors: Welker Adam , Zhou Helper 
Published: December 2024

This study examines the rapid growth of venture capital (VC) investment in emerging markets and its determinants. During the 2010 to 2020 period, we find that the level of VC in emerging markets grew at a compound annual growth rate of 35.2%, and the global share of VC generated in emerging markets rose from 11.8% in 2010 to 31.5% by 2020. Using a sample of 135 emerging market economies, we find that market size and human capital development are the most significant factors related to growth in VC investment in these markets. The ease of doing business and the depth of financial markets also influence VC activity, but to a lesser extent. Overall, our results indicate that the presence of large markets and capable entrepreneurs can help offset institutional challenges inherent in these markets. JEL Codes: F63, G15, G24, O43
Efficacy and Safety of Traditional Chinese Medicine Interventions in Unresponsive Mild-to-Moderate Ulcerative Colitis: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Lu Aiyangzi , Sun Yan , Gao Hui , Chen Ping 
Published: December 2024

Background Treatments for ulcerative colitis (UC), a chronic inflammatory bowel illness, have been investigated using Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Uncertainty surrounds the relative safety and effectiveness of TCM in comparison to more traditional therapies like 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA). Purpose: The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to assess the safety and effectiveness of TCM therapies in comparison to 5-ASA and placebo in patients with mild-to-moderate UC. Materials and Methods We conducted a systematically searched China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CHKD-CNKI), Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, WANFANG, as well as Web of Science from June 2012 to February 2024 for randomized controlled trials assessing TCM interventions against 5-ASA or placebo for UC. Eligible studies included TCM treatments such as Qing-Chang-Hua-Shi, Curcumin-QingDai (CurQD), and Fufangkushen colon-coated capsules (FCC). The Volunteer-Intervention-Comparator-Outcome-Study (VICOS) framework guided our inclusion criteria, and we excluded nonrandomized controls (RCTs) and studies with incomplete data. Data extraction, quality evaluation, and the risk of bias were independently performed by the two researchers, and discrepancies were resolved through discussion. Results Four studies in all ( n = 532) satisfied the requirements for inclusion. According to the meta-analysis, TCM therapies considerably enhanced mucosal healing (RR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.25–1.85), clinical response (RR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.54–2.29), and clinical remission (RR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.21–1.73) when compared to a placebo. There was significant variation in treatment effects among trials, as evidenced by the high heterogeneity ( I2 > 70%). Sensitivity analysis supported the robustness of these findings, showing no significant change in the probability of antagonistic events but notable increases in clinical outcomes (RR = 1.02, p = 0.8900). Conclusion Although there is a lot of variation among trials, TCM therapies seem to be more successful than placebo at improving clinical outcomes in UC. Although more study using standardized methodology is required to validate these effects, the results suggest that TCM may be used as a supplementary therapy for UC.