bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling the impact of rapid diagnostic tests onPlasmodium vivaxmalaria in South Korea: a cost–benefit analysis
Authors: Kim Jung Ho , Suh Jiyeon , Lee Woon Ji , Choi Heun , Kim Jong-Dae , Kim Changsoo , Choi Jun Yong , Ko Ryeojin , Kim Heewon , Lee Jeehyun , Yeom Joon Sup 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundRapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are widely used for diagnosingPlasmodium vivaxmalaria, especially in resource-limited countries. However, the impact of RDTs onP. vivaxmalaria incidence and national medical costs has not been evaluated. We assessed the impact of RDT implementation onP. vivaxmalaria incidence and overall medical expenditures in South Korea and performed a cost–benefit analysis from the payer’s perspective.MethodsWe developed a dynamic compartmental model forP. vivaxmalaria transmission in South Korea using delay differential equations. Long latency and seasonality were incorporated into the model, which was calibrated to civilian malaria incidences during 2014–2018. We then estimated averted malaria cases and total medical costs from two diagnostic scenarios: microscopy only and both microscopy and RDTs. Medical costs were extracted based on data from a hospital in an at-risk area forP. vivaxmalaria and were validated using Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service data. We conducted a cost–benefit analysis of RDTs using the incremental benefit:cost ratio (IBCR) considering only medical costs and performed a probabilistic sensitivity analysis to reflect the uncertainties of model parameters, costs and benefits.ResultsThe results showed that 55.3% of newP. vivaxmalaria cases were averted, and $696 214 in medical costs was saved over 10 years after RDT introduction. The estimated IBCR was 2.5, indicating that RDT implementation was beneficial, compared with microscopy alone. The IBCR was sensitive to the diagnosis time reduction, infectious period and short latency period, and provided beneficial results in a benefit over $10.6 or RDT cost under $39.7.ConclusionsThe model simulation suggested that RDTs could significantly reduceP. vivaxmalaria incidence and medical costs. Moreover, cost–benefit analysis demonstrated that the introduction of RDTs was beneficial over microscopy alone. These results support the need for widespread adoption of RDTs.
Effect of overweight/obesity on caesarean section occurrence among reproductive-aged women in Ethiopia: a secondary data analysis
Authors: Endalifer Melese Linger , Diress Gedefaw , Almaw Hunegnaw , Endalifer Bedilu Linger 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundThe burden of overweight/obesity increased worldwide and it has unpredictable effect on maternal morbidity and mortality. Different adverse perinatal outcomes observed in overweight/obese women, of those caesarean section occurred frequently. In Ethiopia, the national caesarean section and overweight/obesity rate among reproductive-aged women increased tremendously. Therefore, we intend to assess the association between overweight/obesity with caesarean section in Ethiopia.MethodThe data were extracted from the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey in nine regions and two city administrations. A stratified two-stage random sampling design was used to collect data. The exposure variable was overweight/obesity, and the outcome variable was a caesarean section. The final analytical sample consisted of 6928 participants. SPSS V.23 was used to analyse the data. Descriptive statistics and cross-tabulation were performed to describe the study variables. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were regressed.ResultsThe prevalence of caesarean section among women aged between 15–49 years old who gave birth in the last 5 years was 245 (3.54%). The occurrence of caesarean section among overweight/obese women was 2.05 higher as compared with normal-weight women (AOR: 2.05, 95% CI: 1.09 - 3.83).Conclusion and recommendationPromoting weight reduction programmes throughout the country would have a greater contribution to reduce caesarean section rate and health cost, and to improve the health of the mother.
Weight loss, hypertension and mental well-being improvements during COVID-19 with a multicomponent health promotion programme on Zoom: a service evaluation in primary care
Authors: Walker Louise , Smith Natalie , Delon Christine 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundObesity is a risk factor for complications from SARS-CoV-2 infection, increasing the need for effective weight management measures in primary care. However, in the UK, COVID-19 restrictions have hampered primary care weight management referral and delivery, and COVID-19 related weight gain has been reported. The present study evaluated outcomes from a multicomponent weight loss and health promotion programme in UK primary care, delivered remotely due to COVID-19 restrictions.MethodPatients with obesity, type 2 diabetes or pre-diabetes attended six 90 min sessions over 10 weeks on Zoom. The dietary component comprised a low-carbohydrate ‘real food’ approach, augmented with education on physical activity, intermittent fasting, gut health, stress management, sleep and behaviour change. Anthropometric and cardiometabolic data were self-reported. Mental well-being was assessed with the Warwick Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale. Subjective outcomes and participant feedback about the programme were collected with an anonymous online survey.ResultsTwenty participants completed the programme. Weight loss and improvements in body mass index, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and mental well-being achieved statistical and clinical significance. Mean weight loss (5.8 kg) represented a 6.5% weight loss. Participants’ subjective outcomes included weight loss without hunger (67%) and increased confidence in their ability to improve health (83%). All participants reported the usage of Zoom to access the programme as acceptable with 83% reporting it worked well.ConclusionA multicomponent weight loss and health promotion programme with a low-carbohydrate dietary component, clinically and statistically significantly improved health outcomes including weight status, blood pressure and mental well-being in a group of primary care patients when delivered remotely. Further research is warranted.
Association of musculoskeletal pain in other body parts with new-onset shoulder pain: a longitudinal study among survivors of the Great East Japan Earthquake
Authors: Hagiwara Yoshihiro , Yabe Yutaka , Sekiguchi Takuya , Sugawara Yumi , Tsuchiya Masahiro , Yoshida Shinichirou , Onoki Takahiro , Takahashi Tadahisa , Iwatsu Jun , Tsuji Ichiro , Itoi Eiji 
Published: February 2021

ObjectiveShoulder pain is a common health problem coexisting with other musculoskeletal pain. However, the effects of pre-existing musculoskeletal pain on the development of shoulder pain are not clear. The present study aimed to elucidate the association between coexisting musculoskeletal pain at other body sites and new-onset shoulder pain among survivors of the Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE).DesignThis is a longitudinal study.SettingThe study was conducted at the severely damaged coastal areas in Ishinomaki and Sendai cities.ParticipantsThe survivors who did not have shoulder pain at 3 years after the GEJE were followed up 1 year later (n=2131).InterventionsMusculoskeletal pain (low back, hand and/or foot, knee, shoulder and neck pain) was assessed using self-reported questionnaires.Main outcome measuresThe outcome of interest was new-onset shoulder pain, which was defined as shoulder pain absent at 3 years but present at 4 years after the disaster. The main predictive factor for new-onset shoulder pain was musculoskeletal pain in other body parts at 3 years after the GEJE; this was categorised according to the number of pain sites (0, 1, ≥2). Multiple regression analyses were conducted to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for new-onset shoulder pain due to musculoskeletal pain in other body parts.ResultsThe incidence of new-onset shoulder pain was 6.7% (143/2131). Musculoskeletal pain in other body parts was significantly associated with new-onset shoulder pain. Using the survivors without other musculoskeletal pain as reference, the adjusted OR and 95% CI for new-onset shoulder pain were 1.86 (1.18 to 2.94) for those with one body part and 3.22 (2.08 to 4.98) for those with ≥2 body parts presenting with musculoskeletal pain (p<0.001).ConclusionsPre-existing musculoskeletal pain in other body parts was significantly associated with new-onset shoulder pain among survivors; this provides useful information for clinical and public health policies.
Cognitive decline in patients with prostate cancer: study protocol of a prospective cohort, NEON-PC
Authors: Araujo Natalia , Morais Samantha , Costa Ana Rute , Braga Raquel , Carneiro Ana Filipa , Cruz Vitor Tedim , Ruano Luis , Oliveira Jorge , Figueiredo Luis Pacheco , Pereira Susana , Lunet Nuno 
Published: February 2021

IntroductionProstate cancer is the most prevalent oncological disease among men in industrialised countries. Despite the high survival rates, treatments are often associated with adverse effects, including metabolic and cardiovascular complications, sexual dysfunction and, to a lesser extent, cognitive decline. This study was primarily designed to evaluate the trajectories of cognitive performance in patients with prostate cancer, and to quantify the impact of the disease and its treatments on the occurrence of cognitive decline.MethodsParticipants will be recruited from two main hospitals providing care to approximately half of the patients with prostate cancer in Northern Portugal (Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto and São João Hospital Centre), and will comprise a cohort of recently diagnosed patients with prostate cancer proposed for different treatment plans, including: (1) radical prostatectomy; (2) brachytherapy and/or radiotherapy; (3) radiotherapy in combination with androgen deprivation therapy and (4) androgen deprivation therapy (with or without chemotherapy). Recruitment began in February 2018 and is expected to continue until the first semester of 2021. Follow-up evaluations will be conducted at 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 years. Sociodemographic, behavioural and clinical characteristics, anxiety and depression, health literacy, health status, quality of life, and sleep quality will be assessed. Blood pressure and anthropometrics will be measured, and a fasting blood sample will be collected. Participants’ cognitive performance will be evaluated before treatments and throughout follow-up (Montreal Cognitive Assessment and Cube Test as well as Brain on Track for remote monitoring). All participants suspected of cognitive impairment will undergo neuropsychological tests and clinical observation by a neurologist.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the hospitals involved. All participants will provide written informed consent, and study procedures will be developed to ensure data protection and confidentiality. Results will be disseminated through publication in peer-reviewed journals and presentation in scientific meetings.
Effects of whey protein on skeletal muscle microvascular and mitochondrial plasticity following 10 weeks of exercise training in men with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Gaffney Kim , Lucero Adam , Macartney-Coxson Donia , Clapham Jane , Whitfield Patricia , Palmer Barry R. , Wakefield StJohn , Faulkner James , Stoner Lee , Rowlands David S. 
Published: February 2021

Skeletal muscle microvascular dysfunction and mitochondrial rarefaction feature in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) linked to low tissue glucose disposal rate (GDR). Exercise training and milk protein supplementation independently promote microvascular and metabolic plasticity in muscle associated with improved nutrient delivery, but combined effects are unknown. In a randomised-controlled trial, 24 men (55.6 y, SD 5.7) with T2DM ingested whey protein drinks (protein/carbohydrate/fat: 20/10/3 g; WHEY) or placebo (carbohydrate/fat: 30/3 g; CON) before/after 45 mixed-mode intense exercise sessions over 10 weeks, to study effects on insulin-stimulated (hyperinsulinemic clamp) skeletal-muscle microvascular blood flow (mBF) and perfusion (near-infrared spectroscopy), and histological, genetic, and biochemical markers (biopsy) of microvascular and mitochondrial plasticity. WHEY enhanced insulin-stimulated perfusion (WHEY-CON 5.6%; 90% CI −0.1, 11.3), while mBF was not altered (3.5%; −17.5, 24.5); perfusion, but not mBF, associated (regression) with increased GDR. Exercise training increased mitochondrial (range of means: 40%–90%) and lipid density (20%–30%), enzyme activity (20%–70%), capillary:fibre ratio (∼25%), and lowered systolic (∼4%) and diastolic (4%–5%) blood pressure, but without WHEY effects. WHEY dampened PGC1α −2.9% (90% compatibility interval: −5.7, −0.2) and NOS3 −6.4% (−1.4, −0.2) expression, but other messenger RNA (mRNA) were unclear. Skeletal muscle microvascular and mitochondrial exercise adaptations were not accentuated by whey protein ingestion in men with T2DM. ANZCTR Registration Number: ACTRN12614001197628. Novelty: Chronic whey ingestion in T2DM with exercise altered expression of several mitochondrial and angiogenic mRNA. Whey added no additional benefit to muscle microvascular or mitochondrial adaptations to exercise. Insulin-stimulated perfusion increased with whey but was without impact on glucose disposal.
The effect of increasing intakes of plant protein on the protein quality of Canadian diets
Authors: Marinangeli Christopher P.F. , Fabek Hrvoje , Ahmed Mavra , Sanchez-Hernandez Diana , Foisy Samara , House James D 
Published: February 2021

The 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey was used to investigated the protein content and protein quality of the diets consumed by adults (≥ 19 years) when plant protein is increased. Individuals (n=6498) were allocated to quartiles of increasing proportions of protein from plant foods (Q1:0-24.9%; Q2:25%-49.9%; Q3:50-74.9%; Q4:75-100%). The Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score (PDCAAS) of diets were estimated using indispensable amino acid concentrations of foods and an assumed digestibility coefficient of 0.8. Corrected protein intakes were determined by aggregating foods consumed over 24hrs and as the sum of corrected protein consumed at eating events within six, four-hour time intervals. Most individuals (51%) consumed 25-49.9% of protein from plant foods. Cereal-based foods represented the majority of plant protein consumed. PDCAAS of diets remained ≥0.87 for Q1-3, but decreased (p<0.0001) to 0.71±0.018 in Q4 vs. Q2 (0.96±0.004). Corrected protein intakes in Q2 (80.66±1.21 g/day; 1.07±0.03 g protein/kg BW) decreased to 37.13±1.88 g/day (0.54±0.03 g/kg BW) in Q4 (p<0.0001). Aggregated daily corrected protein intake strongly correlated (r=0.99; p<0.001) with the sum of corrected protein consumed within time intervals. Intra-time interval analysis revealed that the relative proportions of animal and plant proteins changed at eating events over 24hrs; and did not reflect the allocation to quartiles based on the daily proportion of plant protein consumption. Various tools should be explored and developed to assist Canadians in effectively incorporating plant protein foods into dietary patterns. Novelty: ●Corrected protein intakes decreased as plant protein consumption increased. ●PDCAAS was ≥0.87 for diets with ≤74.9% plant protein.
DYSPHAGIA IN FIBROMYALGIA SYNDROME IN WOMEN: TRUTH OR MYTH? A CASE CONTROL STUDY
Authors: Umay Ebru , Gundogdu Ibrahim , Gurcay Eda , Ozturk Erhan Arif , Bahtiyarca Zeynep Tuba , Alicura Sibel , Karaahmet Ozgur 
Published: February 2021

Purpose: This study was aimed to investigate the presence of dysphagia with multidimensional objective tests in FM female patients with and without dysphagia symptom compared to healthy female subjects. Methods: A case control study was conducted on 165 subjects (21 FM patients with dysphagia symptom, 62 FM patients without dysphagia symptom and 82 healthy subjects). All subjects were evaluated with a clinical screening test, endoscopy, electrophysiology of swallowing (dysphagia limit and swallowing intervals) and musculoskeletal ultrasound (cross-sectional thickness and area of swallowing muscles). Patients (with and without dysphagia symptom) and healthy subjects were compared in terms of all evaluation parameters. Results: The mean age of 165 subjects was [Formula: see text] years and all subjects ([Formula: see text], 100%) were female. Endoscopic evaluation results were similar among three groups ([Formula: see text]). Both the functional evaluation of swallowing measured by swallowing intervals ([Formula: see text]-value between 0.001 and 0.004) and the structural features assessed by the ultrasound ([Formula: see text]-value between 0.001 and 0.007) were significantly impaired in patient groups compared to healthy subjects. FM patients without dysphagia symptom also had significant impairments in function ([Formula: see text]-value between 0.001 and 0.004 for swallowing intervals) and structural features ([Formula: see text]-value between 0.001 and 0.007 for cross-sectional thickness and area of swallowing muscles) compared to healthy subjects. Conclusion: The structure and function of swallowing may be affected in patients with FM, even without dysphagia symptoms.
A METHOD FOR DETECTING CORONARY ARTERY STENOSIS BASED ON ECG SIGNALS
Authors: ZHANG HUAN , WANG XINPEI , LIU CHANGCHUN , LI YUANYANG , LIU YUANYUAN , LI PENG , YAO LIANKE , WANG JIKUO , JIAO YU 
Published: February 2021

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a typical cardiovascular disease whose occurrence and development is a long process. Timely and accurate diagnosis of patients with varying degrees of coronary artery stenosis (VDCAS) is conducive to accurate treatment and prognosis assessment. This study aims to correctly classify VDCAS patients by utilizing multi-domain features fusion of single-lead 5-min ECG signals and machine learning methods, so as to provide reference for doctors to judge the CHD development process. ECG signals were collected from 206 subjects with CHD, mild CHD, thoracalgia and normal coronary angiograms (TNCA), and healthy. Then, the time, frequency, time–frequency, and nonlinear domain features of ECG signals were extracted to establish a multi-domain feature set. To get the optimum subset of features, the recursive feature elimination (RFE) and information gain (IG) were selected. Subsequently, eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) and random forest (RF) were adopted for classification. Results indicated that RFE combined with XGBoost was significantly effective in classifying VDCAS patients. When the four categories of subjects (CHD, mild CHD, TNCA, and healthy) were classified, the average accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and F1-score of the proposed method were 91.74%, 89.39%, 96.80%, and 90.09%, respectively. Besides, three categories of subjects (no stenosis, luminal narrowing [Formula: see text] 50%, and luminal narrowing [Formula: see text] 50%) and two categories of subjects (CHD and healthy) were also analyzed, and the average accuracy was 91.27% and 98.46%, respectively. The results suggest that the proposed method can provide reference for doctors to judge VDCAS patients.
Image-Based Computational Model Predicts Dobutamine-Induced Hemodynamic Changes in Patients With Aortic Coarctation
Authors: Runte Kilian , Brosien Kay , Schubert Charlotte , Nordmeyer Johannes , Kramer Peter , Schubert Stephan , Berger Felix , Hennemuth Anja , Kuehne Titus , Kelm Marcus , Goubergrits Leonid 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Pharmacological stress testing can help to uncover pathological hemodynamic conditions and is, therefore, used in the clinical routine to assess patients with structural heart diseases such as aortic coarctation with borderline indication for treatment. The aim of this study was to develop and test a reduced-order model predicting dobutamine stress induced pressure gradients across the coarctation.

Methods:
The reduced-order model was developed based on n=21 imaging data sets of patients with aortic coarctation and a meta-analysis of subjects undergoing dobutamine stress testing. Within an independent test cohort of n=21 patients with aortic coarctation, the results of the model were compared with dobutamine stress testing during catheterization.

Results:

In n=19 patients responding to dobutamine stress testing, pressure gradients across the coarctation during dobutamine stress increased from 15.7±5.1 to 33.6±10.3 mm Hg (paired
t
test,
P
<0.001). The model-predicted pressure gradients agreed with catheter measurements with a mean difference of −2.2 mm Hg and a limit of agreement of ±11.16 mm Hg according to Bland-Altman analysis. Significant equivalence between catheter-measured and simulated pressure gradients during stress was found within the study cohort (two 1-sided tests of equivalence with a noninferiority margin of 5.0 mm Hg, 33.6±10.33 versus 31.5±11.15 mm Hg,
P
=0.021).

Conclusions:
The developed reduced-order model can instantly predict dobutamine-induced hemodynamic changes with accuracy equivalent to heart catheterization in patients with aortic coarctation. The method is easy to use, available as a web-based calculator, and provides a promising alternative to conventional stress testing in the clinical routine.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT02591940.