bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psoriasis with short stature improved by adalimumab
Authors: Hirano Naoki , Houbara Ryoko , Korematsu Seigo , Hatano Yutaka , Ihara Kenji 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFew cases of pediatric psoriasis with short stature, possibly resulting from chronic systemic inflammation, have been reported. We present the case of a child with short stature occurring after the onset of psoriasis wherein treatment with adalimumab resulted in the improvement of not only the psoriasis but also the child's short stature. Pediatric psoriasis associated with short stature may benefit from the early induction of biologic therapy.
The natural history of laryngo‐onycho‐cutaneous syndrome: A case series of six pediatric patients and literature review
Authors: Prodinger Christine , Chottianchaiwat Subhanitthaya , Mellerio Jemima E. , McGrath John A. , Ozoemena Linda , Liu Lu , Moore William , Laimer Martin , Petrof Gabriela , Martinez Anna E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesLaryngo‐onycho‐cutaneous syndrome (LOC) is a rare subtype of junctional epidermolysis bullosa (JEB), featuring aberrant granulation tissue formation in the skin, larynx, and eyes. So far, three mutations including the specific (founder) mutation in exon 39 of LAMA3 (c.151dup) have been identified, but sparse data exists regarding the natural history, the genotype‐phenotype correlation, and its differentiation from other JEB types.MethodsWe reviewed our pediatric EB database to identify English children with clinical and genetically diagnosed LOC within the last 15 years. Their demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were examined. We searched three databases for case reports of LOC between January 1986 and November 2020 and extracted clinical and molecular details.ResultsWe identified 6 LOC patients, all female (mean age 5.4 years). Periungual hypergranulation and skin fragility were the earliest presenting signs (0‐3 months), followed by laryngeal stenosis, symblepharon (mean onset 10.7 and 11.8 months, respectively), and dental abnormalities. Five children developed anemia at an average of 19.2 months. We identified 22 published studies in English with 31 cases.ConclusionsThis study delineates the disease course of LOC and highlights the overlap with some forms of JEB. Classical signs/symptoms including anemia appear early in life. Genetic analysis revealed three new LOC‐associated variants and underscores the finding that interpretation of skin immunolabeling and molecular diagnostics can be challenging. We provide recommendations on management of this complex syndrome.
“COVID toes”: A meta‐analysis of case and observational studies on clinical, histopathological, and laboratory findings
Authors: Rocha Kelvin Oliveira , Zanuncio Virgínia Vinha , Freitas Brunnella Alcântara Chagas de , Lima Luciana Moreira 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundCoronavirus disease (COVID‐19) is related to several extrapulmonary disorders; however, little is known about the clinical, laboratory, and histopathological characteristics of pernio‐like skin lesions associated with COVID‐19 infection.ObjectiveTo evaluate and summarize the clinical, laboratory, and histopathological characteristics of pernio‐like lesions reported in the literature.MethodsWe conducted a search of the PubMed, SciELO, and ScienceDirect databases for articles published between January 1, 2020 and November 30, 2020, following the PRISMA recommendations (PROSPERO registration ID: CRD42020225055). The target population was individuals with suspected or laboratory‐confirmed COVID‐19 with pernio‐like lesions. Observational studies, research letters, and case/series reports were all eligible for inclusion. Observational studies were evaluated using a random‐effects model to calculate the weighted mean prevalence, overall mean, and 95% confidence interval. We evaluated case studies using the chi‐square test for dichotomous variables and the Mann‐Whitney test for continuous variables.ResultsA total of 187 patients from case reports and 715 patients from 18 observational studies were included. The mean age of patients was 16.6 years (range 14.5‐18.8). Feet were affected in 91.4% (87.0‐94.4%) of patients in observational studies. The proportion of patients with a positive RT‐PCR test was less than 15%. Lesion topography and morphology were associated with age.ConclusionLesions mostly occurred in pediatric patients, and the morphological characteristics tended to differ between pediatric and non‐pediatric populations. There is a possible multifactorial component in lesion pathophysiology. The non‐positivity of laboratory tests does not exclude an association with COVID‐19. Pernio‐like lesions may be a late manifestation of COVID‐19.
Photochemistry of Nitrate Ion: Reduction by Formic Acid under UV Irradiation
Authors: Tong Na , Xia Zhonglei , Xie Tianzhu , Liu Xu , Shen Jinni , Zhang Zizhong , Wang Xuxu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMutual transformations of various nitrogen compounds and their reaction mechanisms have been a subject of great concern to the chemical, ecological and environmental communities. In the paper, the reactions of ion with small organic acids such as formic acid (HCOOH), acetic acid (CH3COOH) and lactic acid (C3H6O3) under ultraviolet illumination were investigated systematically. It was found that ion is easily reduced into and NOx and then further into N2 and NH3 (in the form of ) in the process. The carboxyl anion radicals and hydrogen formed by photodecomposition of formic acid are responsible for the rapid photoreduction reaction of nitrate. The initial pH and the nitrate concentration considerably affect the product distribution and nitrate conversion. Based on a preliminary simulation study, we speculated that the photoinduced reaction may effectively proceed in oceans, lakes and rivers because of ever‐increasing nitrate and organic emissions. This research is helpful to understand nitrogen cycle mechanism and develop water environmental control technologies.
Prologue: Black dream geographies
Authors: Jones Naya 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this reflective piece, I consider what the discourse surrounding Breonna Taylor's highly publicised killing during a police raid underscores about Black epistemologies of sleep, death, and dying. By using the phrase black dream geographies, I situate this piece in conversation with scholarship on black interiority. At the same time, I extend this conversation by explicitly considering the meanings of dream or sleep in Black/African American epistemologies.
Ceramides and phospholipids are downregulated with liraglutide treatment: results from the LiraFlame randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zobel Emilie H , Wretlind Asger , Ripa Rasmus S , Rotbain Curovic Viktor , von Scholten Bernt J , Suvitaival Tommi , Hansen Tine W , Kjær Andreas , Legido-Quigley Cristina , Rossing Peter 
Published: September 2021

IntroductionTreatment with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) can reduce risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in persons living with type 2 diabetes, however the mechanisms explaining this cardiovascular benefit are still debated. We investigated changes in the plasma lipidome following treatment with the GLP-1 RA liraglutide.Research design and methodsIn a double-blind placebo-controlled trial, we randomized 102 persons with type 2 diabetes to liraglutide or placebo for 26 weeks. Fasting blood plasma was collected at baseline and at end-of-treatment. The lipidome was measured using liquid-chromatography-coupled mass-spectrometry as a secondary end point in the study. Treatment response of each lipid was tested with lipid-specific linear mixed-effect models comparing liraglutide with placebo. Bonferroni p<7.1e-03 was employed. The independence of the findings from clinical covariates was evaluated with adjustment for body mass index, HbA1c, fasting status, lipid-lowering treatment and change in lipid-lowering treatment during the trial.ResultsIn total, 260 lipids were identified covering 11 lipid families. We observed significant decreases following liraglutide treatment compared with placebo in 21 lipids (p<7.1e-03) from the following lipid families: ceramides, hexocyl-ceramides, phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolamines and triglycerides. We confirmed these findings in adjusted models (p≤0.01). In the liraglutide-treated group, the individual lipids were reduced in the range of 14%–61% from baseline level, compared with 19% decrease to 27% increase from baseline level in the placebo group.ConclusionsCompared with placebo, liraglutide treatment led to a significant downregulation in ceramides, phospholipids and triglycerides, which all are linked to higher risk of CVD. These findings were independent of relevant clinical covariates. Our findings are hypothesis generating and shed light on the biological mechanisms underlying the cardiovascular benefits observed with GLP-1 RAs in outcome studies, and further strengthen the evidence base for recommending GLP-1 RAs to prevent CVD in type 2 diabetes.Trial registration numberNCT03449654.
Simplified models to assess newborn gestational age in low-middle income countries: findings from a multicountry, prospective cohort study
Authors:   The Alliance for Maternal and Newborn Health Improvement (AMANHI) Gestational Age Study Group
Published: September 2021

IntroductionPreterm birth is the leading cause of child mortality. This study aimed to develop and validate programmatically feasible and accurate approaches to estimate newborn gestational age (GA) in low resource settings.MethodsThe WHO Alliance for Maternal and Newborn Health Improvement (AMANHI) study recruited pregnant women from population-based cohorts in five countries (Bangladesh, Ghana, Pakistan, Tanzania and Zambia). Women <20 weeks gestation by ultrasound-based dating were enrolled. Research staff assessed newborns for: (1) anthropometry, (2) neuromuscular/physical signs and (3) feeding maturity. Machine-learning techniques were used to construct ensemble models. Diagnostic accuracy was assessed by areas under the receiver operating curve (AUC) and Bland-Altman analysis.Results7428 liveborn infants were included (n=536 preterm, <37 weeks). The Ballard examination was biased compared with ultrasound dating (mean difference: +9 days) with 95% limits of agreement (LOA) −15.3 to 33.6 days (precision ±24.5 days). A model including 10 newborn characteristics (birth weight, head circumference, chest circumference, foot length, breast bud diameter, breast development, plantar creases, skin texture, ankle dorsiflexion and infant sex) estimated GA with no bias, 95% LOA ±17.3 days and an AUC=0.88 for classifying the preterm infant. A model that included last menstrual period (LMP) with the 10 characteristics had 95% LOA ±15.7 days and high diagnostic accuracy (AUC 0.91). An alternative simpler model including birth weight and LMP had 95% LOA of ±16.7 and an AUC of 0.88.ConclusionThe best machine-learning model (10 neonatal characteristics and LMP) estimated GA within ±15.7 days of early ultrasound dating. Simpler models performed reasonably well with marginal increases in prediction error. These models hold promise for newborn GA estimation when ultrasound dating is unavailable.
Unequal burden of COVID-19 in Hungary: a geographical and socioeconomic analysis of the second wave of the pandemic
Authors: Oroszi Beatrix , Juhász Attila , Nagy Csilla , Horváth Judit Krisztina , McKee Martin , Ádány Róza 
Published: September 2021

IntroductionWe describe COVID-19 morbidity, mortality, case fatality and excess death in a country-wide study of municipalities in Hungary, exploring the association with socioeconomic status.MethodsThe spatial distribution of morbidity, mortality and case fatality was mapped using hierarchical Bayesian smoothed indirectly standardised ratios. Indirectly standardised ratios were used to evaluate the association between deprivation and the outcome measures. We looked separately at morbidity and mortality in the 10 districts with the highest and 10 districts with the lowest share of Roma population.ResultsCompared with the national average, the relative incidence of cases was 30%–36% lower in the most deprived quintile but the relative mortality and case fatality were 27%–32% higher. Expressed as incidence ratios relative to the national average, the most deprived municipalities had a relative incidence ratio of 0.64 (CI: 0.62 to 0.65) and 0.70 (CI: 0.69 to 0.72) for males and females, respectively. The corresponding figures for mortality were 1.32 (CI: 1.20 to 1.44) for males and 1.27 (CI: 1.16 to 1.39) for females and for case fatality 1.27 (CI: 1.16 to 1.39) and 1.32 (CI: 1.20 to 1.44) for males and females, respectively. The excess death rate (per 100 000) increased with deprivation levels (least deprived: 114.12 (CI: 108.60 to 119.84) and most deprived: 158.07 (CI: 149.30 to 167.23)). The 10 districts where Roma formed the greatest share of the population had an excess mortality rate 17.46% higher than the average for the most deprived quintile.ConclusionsThose living in more deprived municipalities had a lower risk of being identified as a confirmed COVID-19 case but had a higher risk of death. An inverse association between trends in morbidity and mortality by socioeconomic conditions should be a cause for concern and points to the need for responses, including those involving vaccination, to pay particular attention to inequalities and their causes.
Prevalence and associations of COVID-19 testing in an online sample of transgender and non-binary individuals
Authors: Restar Arjee , Garrison-Desany Henri M , Baker Kellan E , Adamson Tyler , Howell Sean , Baral Stefan David , Operario Don , Beckham S Wilson 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundTesting for COVID-19 and linkage to services is fundamental to successful containment and control of transmission. Yet, knowledge on COVID-19 testing among transgender and non-binary communities remains limited.MethodsBetween October 2020 and November 2020, we examined the prevalence and associations of COVID-19 testing in an online sample of transgender and non-binary people (n=536). Multivariable hierarchical logistic regression analyses examined associations between COVID-19 testing and participants’ sociodemographic, mental health, substance use, gender affirmation, economic changes and healthcare experiences.ResultsPrevalence of COVID-19 testing in this sample was 35.5% (n=190/536). In the final model, transgender and non-binary participants from upper socioeconomic income background and Europe, who reported having active alcohol use disorder, limited access to gender-affirming surgery, had more than 20% reduction in income, and experienced mistreatment in a health facility due to gender identity had significantly increased odds of COVID-19 testing (all p<0.05); those who reported recent tobacco use had significantly lower odds of COVID-19 testing (p=0.007).ConclusionsThese findings highlight structural disparities in COVID-19 testing and reinforce the importance of increasing testing strategies for transgender and non-binary populations.
Aetiology and risk factors of bacterial gastroenteritis among febrile outpatients at the Dschang District Hospital, West Region of Cameroon: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ousenu Karimo , Sama Leonard Fonkeng , Ali Innocent Mbulli , Fonbah Jude Leinyuy , Nadine Ongbayokolak Sylvie , Dabou Solange , Tume Christopher 
Published: September 2021

ObjectivesTo investigate the bacterial aetiologies and associated risk factors of gastroenteritis among typhoid suspected cases.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingThis study was conducted at Dschang District Hospital of the Menoua Division, West Region of Cameroon, between April–November 2019 and June 2020.ParticipantsParticipants aged ≥2 years (mean 34±18.77 years) and of both sex suspected of having typhoid fever were included, while non-suspected typhoid cases were excluded. Self-reported sociodemographic and health information at recruitment was obtained from 556 participants.MethodsCollected stool samples were examined macroscopically and microscopically and subjected to culture. After culture, Gram staining was performed, followed by biochemical testing and characterisation using the Analytical Profile Index (API-20E) test kit.Interventions’No intervention was done during the period of study.Outcome measuresWe identified bacterial causing gastroenteritis, and associated risk factors calculated using binary regression, adjusting for sociodemographic and health variables.ResultsOf 556 patients, 74.28% tested positive for gastroenteritis. Among pathogens responsible for gastroenteritis,Escherichia coliwas found to be the main cause (21.1%), followed bySalmonella typhi(10.4%),Citrobacter diversus(8.2%),and Proteus mirabilis(8.2%),Proteus vulgaris(7.3%), whereasCitrobacterspp andYersinia enterocoliticawere less represented among pathogens causing the disease among patients. A significant difference (p=0.002) was observed between abdominal pain and all the micro-organisms isolated from the patients. Patients having primary level of education were significantly associated (p=0.017; 3.163 (95% CI 1.228 to 8.147)) with the prevalence of gastroenteritis. Consumption of beverages (Wald statistic: 4.823; OR: 2.471; 95% CI (1.102 to 5.539); p=0.028), use of modern toilet (Wald statistic: 4.471; OR: 1.723; 95% CI (1.041 to 2.852); p=0.034) were strongly associated with gastroenteritis and rearing of bird (Wald statistic: 4.880; OR: 0.560; 95% CI (0.335 to 0.937); p=0.027), was found to be protective.ConclusionAcute bacterial gastroenteritis is a significant cause of morbidity in Dschang, with the prevalence of 74.28%. Many pathogens accounted for gastroenteritis, andE. coli(21.1%) could be a major cause, followed byS. typhi(10.4%),C. diversus(8.2%),P. mirabilis(8.2%),P. vulgaris(7.3%), whereasCitrobacterspp andY. enterocoliticawere less represented. Gastroenteritis was highly associated with primary level of education, consumption of beverages, use of modern toilet while rearing of birds was unexpectedly found to be protective against Gastroenteritis. Further characterisation is planned.
Individually tailored self-management app-based intervention (selfBACK) versus a self-management web-based intervention (e-Help) or usual care in people with low back and neck pain referred to secondary care: protocol for a multiarm randomised clinical trial
Authors: Marcuzzi Anna , Bach Kerstin , Nordstoga Anne Lovise , Bertheussen Gro Falkener , Ashikhmin Ilya , Boldermo Nora Østbø , Kvarner Else-Norun , Nilsen Tom Ivar Lund , Marchand Gunn Hege , Ose Solveig Osborg , Aasdahl Lene , Kaspersen Silje Lill , Bardal Ellen Marie , Børke Janne-Birgitte , Mork Paul Jarle , Gismervik Sigmund 
Published: September 2021

IntroductionLow back pain (LBP) and neck pain (NP) are common and costly conditions. Self-management is a key element in the care of persistent LBP and NP. Artificial intelligence can be used to support and tailor self-management interventions, but their effectiveness needs to be ascertained. The aims of this trial are (1) to evaluate the effectiveness of an individually tailored app-based self-management intervention (selfBACK)adjunct to usual care in people with LBP and/or NP in secondary care compared with usual care only, and (2) to compare the effectiveness ofselfBACKwith a web-based self-management intervention without individual tailoring (e-Help).Methods and analysisThis is a randomised, assessor-blind clinical trial with three parallel arms: (1)selfBACKapp adjunct to usual care; (2) e-Help website adjunct to usual care and (3) usual care only. Patients referred to St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim (Norway) with LBP and/or NP and accepted for assessment/treatment at the multidisciplinary outpatient clinic for back or neck rehabilitation are invited to the study. Eligible and consenting participants are randomised to one of the three arms with equal allocation ratio. We aim to include 279 participants (93 in each arm). Outcome variables are assessed at baseline (before randomisation) and at 6-week, 3-month and 6-month follow-up. The primary outcome is musculoskeletal health measured by the Musculoskeletal Health Questionnaire at 3 months. A mixed-methods process evaluation will document patients’ and clinicians’ experiences with the interventions. A health economic evaluation will estimate the cost-effectiveness of both interventions’ adjunct to usual care.Ethics and disseminationThe trial is approved by the Regional Committee for Medical and Health Research Ethics in Central Norway (Ref. 2019/64084). The results of the trial will be published in peer-review journals and presentations at national and international conferences relevant to this topic.Trial registration numberNCT04463043.
Gambling and the COVID-19 pandemic in the province of Quebec (Canada): protocol for a mixed-methods study
Authors: Brodeur Magaly , Audette-Chapdelaine Sophie , Savard Annie-Claude , Kairouz Sylvia 
Published: September 2021

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has major collateral impacts on mental health. Gambling is among the major public health issues that seems to have been transformed by the pandemic. In the province of Quebec in Canada, gambling is an important leisure activity. About two out of three adults are in Quebec gamble. The objective of this study is to draw a portrait of the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on gamblers and to learn more about their experiences during the pandemic in the province of Quebec.Method and analysisThis study has a sequential explanatory mixed-method design in two phases. The first phase is a cross-sectional online survey with Quebec residents who are 18 years of age or older and have gambled at least once in the previous 12 months. The second phase will be a qualitative study. Semistructured interviews will be conducted with gamblers, family members, addiction counsellors and state representatives selected through purposing sampling.Ethics and disseminationThis study is one of the first mixed-methods studies on the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on gambling. This study will generate new scientific knowledge on a worrisome public health issue, that is, gambling, and provide a better understanding of the experiences and gambling behaviours of gamblers during the pandemic. This study is funded by the Ministry of Health and Social Services of the Government of Quebec and was approved on 27 October 2020 by the Scientific and Research Ethics Committee of the CIUSSS de l’Estrie-CHUS. This is a 2-year study that will be completed in June 2022.