bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment Patterns and Outcomes Among Elderly Glioblastoma Patients at KFMC, Riyadh.
Authors: Maire Amal , Maklad Ahmed M. , Altwairqi Abdullah , AlShakweer Wafaa , Senosi Mohamed , Elyamany Ashraf , Balbaid Ali 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
IntroductionManagement of elderly patients with cancer is a controversial scenario and needs careful assessment and selection for aggressive radical treatment and chemotherapy protocols versus short-course radiotherapy without chemotherapy. Of note, definitions of the elderly vary in the glioblastoma (GBM) literature, with most of the randomized trials including patients aged 60, 65, or 70 years or older.Aim of the workTo evaluate treatment patterns and outcome among elderly GBM patients treated in KFMC, Riyadh. The primary endpoint is overall survival (OS) and the Secondary endpoint is progression-free survival (PFS) in relation to different treatment options and prognostic factors. MethodsThis is a retrospective study, included elderly GBM patients treated at KFMC, Riyadh, KSA between 1/2008 till 1/2018. 59 patients diagnosed with GBM ≥ 60 years were reviewed regarding radiotherapy (Rth) fractionation modalities, surgery, and chemotherapy (CTR) given in correlation to PFS, OS.Results59 patients were recruited in our study with median age 66 range (60-81) years, 47 (80%) were males. 37 patients (62.7%) had Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS) ≥2, and 22 patients (37.3%) had PS < 2. Gross total resection (GTR) and subtotal resection (STR) was done in 49 (82.9%) patients, and the median follow-up was 12 months.38 (64%) patients received conventional Rth 60 Gray (Gy)/30 fractions or equal doses and 21 (36%) patients received hypofractionation Rth (40 Gy/15, 25 Gy/5 or 30 Gy/10 fractions).The median OS was 12 months (95% CI,9.52-14.48). For univariate analysis, receiving a conventional Rth and completion of 6 months adjuvant CTR were significant factors for O.S (P= 0.043 and 0.026) respectively. For multivariate those were also significant (P=0.035 and 0.002) respectively.The median PFS was 9 months (95% CI, 6.13-11.87). For univariate analysis PS, time to start adjuvant treatment, and completion of 6 months CTR were significant factors for PFS. For multivariate analysis starting adjuvant treatment within 2 months and completed CTR 6 months were significant factors (P=0.032 and 0.04) respectively. ConclusionElderly GBM patients who received conventional Rth and completed adjuvant 6 months CTR achieved a better OS, while starting adjuvant treatment earlier than 2 months and completed adjuvant CTR 6 months were associated with a better PFS, further prospective studies are needed to confirm our finding.
Diverse Soliton Structures for Fractional Nonlinear Schrodinger Equation, KdV Equation and WBBM Equation Adopting a New Technique
Authors: Islam Md. Tarikul , Gomez Francisco , Akbar Md. Ali 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Nonlinear fractional order partial differential equations standing for the numerous dynamical systems relating to nature world are supposed to by unraveled for depicting complex physical phenomena. In this exploration, we concentrate to disentangle the space and time fractional nonlinear Schrodinger equation, Korteweg-De Vries (KdV) equation and the Wazwaz-Benjamin-Bona-Mahony (WBBM) equation bearing the noteworthy significance in accordance to their respective position. A composite wave variable transformation with the assistance of conformable fractional derivative transmutes the declared equations to ordinary differential equations. A successful implementation of the proposed improved auxiliary equation technique collects enormous wave solutions in the form of exponential, rational, trigonometric and hyperbolic functions. The found solutions involving many free parameters under consideration of particular values are figured out which appeared in different shape as kink type, anti-kink type, singular kink type, bell shape, anti-bell shape, singular bell shape, cuspon, peakon, periodic etc. The performance of the proposed scheme shows its potentiality through construction of fresh and further general exact traveling wave solutions of three nonlinear equations. A comparison of the achieved outcomes in this investigation with the results found in the literature ensures the diversity and novelty of ours. Consequently, the improved auxiliary equation technique stands as efficient and concise tool which deserves further use to unravel any other nonlinear evolution equations arise in various physical sciences like applied mathematics, mathematical physics and engineering.
miR-372 (rs12983273) and LncRNA HULC (rs7763881) Genetic Polymorphisms and Susceptibility to Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Infection
Authors: talaat roba , Shahen Samar M. , Elshenawy Soha Z. , Mohamed Salwa E. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are two major types of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) with regulatory roles. Genetic variation in the miRNAs and lncRNAs has been involved in the initiation and progression of many diseases. miRNA-LncRNA interactions are implicated in the regulation of many diseases, such as hepatitis infection. In this study, we assumed that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in miR-372 (rs28461391 C/T) and HULC (rs7763881 A/C) might participate in HBV infection risk. SNPs rs28461391 in miR-372 and rs7763881 in HULC were genotyped in 100 HBV patients and 100 healthy controls using the Polymerase chain reaction sequence-specific primer technique (PCR-SSP). Our results showed no significant difference in miR-372 rs12983273 genotype distribution between both controls and HBV patients. On the other hand, there was a significant increase in HULC rs7763881 CC genotype (P<0.05) coincides with a significant decrease in AC genotype distribution (P<0.05) in HBV patients as compared to controls. Our results showed that the CC genotype is associated with an increased risk of HBV infection (OR= 3.43; CI: 1.3-9.07) while AA genotype is a protective one (OR= 0.3; CI: 0.13-9.07). Our results suggest that HULC rs7763881 A/C might be a biomarker for HBV susceptibility. However, larger sample studies are recommended to verify our preliminary data. To the best of our knowledge, the present study was the first to investigate the relevance of miR-372 (rs28461391 C/T) and HULC (rs7763881 A/C) gene polymorphisms to the risk of HBV infection in the Egyptian population.
Determination With QSAR of Biological Activity and Relations of Between Molecular Descriptions of 5,8-Quinolinequinones Derivatives
Authors: SIDIR Yadigar GÜLSEVEN , SIDIR İsa 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this study, some electronic, hydrophobic and termochemical parameters of 28 different 5,8-quinolinequinones derivatives having diversity substituents have been calculated by using DFT (B3LYP) / 6-31G (d, p) method and basis set. Relationships between different molecular descriptives have been studied with used like molecular polarizability (α), dipole moment (μ), EHOMO, ELUMO, molecular volume (Vm), ionization potential (IP), electron affinity (EA), electronegativity (χ), molecular hardness (η), molecular softness (S), electrophilic index (Ꞷ), molar refractivity (MR), octanol–water partition coefficient (logP), thermochemical properties (entropy (Se), capacity of heat (C)); as to investigate activity relationships with molecular structure. In addition, The QSAR/QSPR between molecular properties and biological activity (Anti-proliferative and Anti-inflammatory activity) has investigated, where R, R2, F and P have taken into account in order to find a statistically correct model in QSAR studies. The dependence of the electronegative parameter on both electronic and thermochemical parameters was the most correlated parameter.
A Hierarchical Analysis On Ecosystem Classification of Land
Authors: Qing Zhang Yan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: The ecosystem classification of land (ECL) has been studied for a couple of decades, from the beginning of the perfect organism system “top-down” approach to a reversed “bottom-up” approach, defining micro-ecological unit. After reviewing two study cases of the ecosystem classification of land, the ecosystem classification framework implements in different ecoregions were examined and analyzed. Results: Theoretically, Bailey’s upper levels ECL (1995) was applied to the United States, and world continents. China's Eco-geographic classification was most likely fitted into Bailey’s Ecosystem Classification regime. With a binary decision tree analysis, it demonstrated that the top-level, Domain has an empty entity between the US and China ecoregion framework. Based on the biogeoclimate condition, vegetation distribution, landform, and plant species feature, classified HIIC1 into two subsections ( labeled as i, ii ), and delineated iia of QiLian Mountain East Alpine Shrub and Alpine Tundra ecozone into iia-1 and iia-2 zone.Conclusions: 1) The Plateau Domain 500 should be added into the top-level Bailey’s ecoregion framework, coordinately it includes HI and HII Divisions, and humid, dub-humid, semiarid, and arid provinces. 2) Two case comparisons recommend using a practical approach, objectively defined ecosystem classification for the lower-level ECLs in matter of time and project cost.
Characterization and antimicrobial sensitivity of biofilm producing Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli from broiler chickens and their environment in India.
Authors: Grakh Kushal , Mittal Dinesh , Prakash Anand , Jindal Naresh 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is responsible for colibacillosis in poultry. APEC remains a constant problem for the poultry industry, despite the use of antibiotics and disinfectants at farms. The endemicity of APEC in poultry farms is associated with its biofilm forming ability, which is further aggravated by various virulence factors harbored by this pathogen and resistant to multiple drugs which help bacteria to thrive under different environmental conditions. To characterize APEC from affected broiler chickens and their environments, samples (n=114) were collected and subjected to microbial isolation using MacConkey Lactose agar (MLA) and Eosin Methylene Blue agar (EMB), which led to the isolation of 62 E. coli isolates, confirmed using uspA gene amplification and Vitek 2 Compact system. These isolates were characterized using a set of five virulence genes (hlyF, ompT, iroN, iss, iutA) which yielded 47 (75.80%) isolates as APEC and the remaining as non-APEC. Furthermore, all the 62 isolates were subjected to microtiter plate assay for biofilm detection and the result showed that 36 (58.06%) isolates were able to form moderate to strong biofilms in Trypticase soy broth (TSB) at 72h of incubation. Of the 36-biofilm forming isolates, 30 were APEC. Biofilm related genes (crl, csgA, fimH, luxS, and papC) were also detected with higher prevalence among APEC isolates. Antimicrobial sensitivity test using Vitek2 system revealed 43 (91.48%) of 47 APEC isolates as multiple drug resistant (MDR) and 8 (17.02%) as ESBL positive. This study reveals that APEC with biofilm formation ability are present in poultry farms. Further studies are needed to understand the role of biofilms in the pathogenesis and antimicrobial resistance of APEC.
Deterioration of Contemporary Kaihua Handmade Paper: Evolution of Molecular, Supermolecular and Macroscopic Structures
Authors: Yao Jingjing , Zhang Ruohong , Luo Chan , Yan Yueer , Bi Ning , Tang Yi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Valued for its toughness and durability, Kaihua paper has been famous in China since the Qing Dynasty and is in the focus of the study on paper life extension. Understanding of the complex degradation behavior of handmade paper under various aging conditions is an essential precondition for preparing contemporary long-life handmade paper. However, reactions sequence and quantitative analysis of microstructure of cellulose and its relation to macroscopic deterioration of handmade paper still are difficult to interpret. Herein, different types of Kaihua handmade papers, produced by various raw materials and crafts, were artificially aged to study the different evolution of their multi-scale structures in dry-heat (DH) and wet-heat (WH) conditions systematically. Two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS) distinguished possible carbonyl vibrations involving hydrolysis and oxidation of cellulose and gave sequential changes of various carbonyl groups, illustrating different evolution behaviors of molecular structure of papers in DH and WH aging process. The energy and distance of hydrogen bond, crystal size and microfiber accessibility were quantitatively calculated during the degradation of cellulose. The dual roles of water molecules, as plasticizers for fibers and as carriers of protons, continuously promoting the hydrolysis of cellulose at molecular and supramolecular scales were elucidated further. In addition, correlations between microstructural evolution and macroscopic deterioration of handmade papers involving reduced mechanical properties and yellowing were revealed.
Christia Vespertilionis Extract Induced Antiproliferation and Apoptosis in Breast Cancer (MCF7) Cells
Authors: Ismail Noor Zafirah , Adebayo Ismail Abiola , Mohamed Wan Ahmad Syazani , Zain Nur Nadhirah Mohamad , Arsad Hasni 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: C. vespertiliomis extracts were evaluated for antiproliferative and apoptosis effect on breast cancer (MCF7) cells. Methods and Results: The leaves extracts were analysed for its antiproliferative effect on breast cancer (MCF7) cells and normal epithelial breast (MCF 10A) cells using Sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. The selective extract was evaluated for its ability to induce apoptosis using Annexin V-FITC apoptosis staining and the expression of molecular genes using qualitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) against MCF7 cells. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was used to identify the compounds from the selective extract. The findings showed that dichloromethane fraction (CV-Dcm) extract had high antiproliferative effect against MCF7 cells (IC50 = 24 µg/mL, selective index (SI) = 8.17). The percentages of apoptosis cells in CV-Dcm-treated MCF7 cells was 58.8%. The CV-Dcm extract induced downregulation of PCNA level. The apoptotic genes were also triggered in both extrinsic and intrinsic signaling pathways, affecting a 1.5-fold increase in BAX, 1.4-fold increase in cytochrome c, 1.3-fold increase in caspase-8, 1.7-fold increase in caspase-3 and 0.5-fold-decrease in BCL-2. Treated MCF7 cells also activated P53-dependent apoptotic death pathway. Conclusions: The present work strongly suggests that high efficacy of CV-Dcm extract was attributed to its antiproliferative and apoptosis-inducing activation in MCF7 cells, most likely due to its favourable compounds.
HMGB1, NLRP3, IL-6 and ACE2 Levels Are Elevated in COVID-19 with Headache: A Window to the Infection-Related Headache Mechanism
Authors: Bolay Hayrunnisa , Karadaş Ömer , Öztürk Bilgin , Sonkaya Rıza , Taşdelen Bahar , Bulut Tuba DS , Gülbahar Özlem , Özge Aynur , Baykan Betül 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Pathogenesis of COVID-19 -related headache is unknown, though the induction ofthe trigeminal neurons throughinflammation is proposed. Weaimed to investigatekey systemic circulating inflammatory moleculesand their clinical relations in COVID-19 patients with headache. METHODS: Thiscross-sectional study enrolled 88COVID-19 patients,hospitalized on a regular ward during the second wave of the pandemic.Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients were recorded,and laboratory testswere studied.RESULTS: The mean agesof 48 COVID-19 patients with headache (47.71±10.8) and 40 COVID-19 patients without headache (45.70±12.72) were comparable. COVID-19 patients suffered from headache had significantly higher serum levels of HMGB1, NLRP3, ACE2, and IL-6 than COVID-19 patients without headache, whereasCGRP and IL-10 levels were similar in the groups. Angiotensin II level was significantly decreased in the headache group.COVID-19 patients with headache showedan increased frequency of pulmonary involvement and increased D- dimer levels. Furthermore, COVID-19 was more frequently associated with weight loss, nausea, and diarrhea in patients with headache. The frequency of anosmia and ageusia did not reach significant levelsbetween the two groups. Serum NLRP3 levels were correlated with headache duration and hospital stay, while headache response to paracetamol was negatively correlated with HMGB1 and positively associated with IL-10 levels. CONCLUSION: Stronger inflammatory response is associated with headache in hospitalized COVID-19 patients with moderate disease severity.Increased levels of the circulating inflammatory and/or nociceptive molecules like HMGB1, NLRP3, and IL-6 may play a role in the potential induction of the trigeminalsystem and manifestation of headache secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Catechol, a Natural Allelochemical Thwarts Virulent Dimorphism in Candida Albicans and Potentiates the Antifungal Efficacy of Azoles and Polyenes.
Authors: Ravi Jothi , Ravichellam Sangavi , Ponnuchamy Kumar , Shunmugiah Karutha Pandian , Shanmugaraj Gowrishankar 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The present study was deliberately focused to explore the antivirulence efficacy of a plant allelochemical –catechol against Candida albicans, and attempts were made to elucidate the underlying mechanisms as well. Catechol at its sub-MIC concentrations (2 to 256 μg/mL) exhibited a dose dependent biofilm as well as hyphal inhibitory efficacies, which were ascertained through both light and fluorescence microscopic analyses. Further, sub-MICs of catechol displayed remarkable antivirulence efficacy, as it substantially inhibited C. albicans’ virulence enzymes i.e. secreted hydrolases. Notably, FTIR analysis divulged the potency of catechol in effective loosening of C. albicans’ exopolymeric matrix, which was further reinforced using EPS quantification assay. Although, catechol at BIC (256 μg/mL) did not disrupt the mature biofilms of C. albicans, their initial adherence was significantly impeded by reducing their hydrophobic nature. Besides, FTIR analysis also unveiled the ability of catechol in enhancing the production of farnesol -a metabolite of C. albicans, whose accumulation naturally blocks yeast-hyphal transition. The qPCR data showed significant down-regulation of candidate genes viz., RAS1, HWP1 and ALS3 which are responsible for the regulation of Ras-cAMP-PKA pathway -the pathway that contribute for C. albicans’ pathogenesis. Interestingly, the up-regulation of TUP1 (a gene responsible for farnesol-mediated hyphal inhibition) during catechol exposure strengthen the speculation of catechol triggered farnesol-mediated hyphal inhibition. Furthermore, catechol profusely enhanced the fungicidal efficacy of certain known antifungal agent’s viz., azoles (ketoconazole and miconazole) and polyenes (amphotericin-B and nystatin).
A Pollution Sensitive Fuzzy EPQ Model With Endogenous Reliability and Product Deterioration Under Lock Fuzzy Game Theoretic Approach
Authors: Bhattacharya Kousik , De Sujit Kumar 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This article deals with a cost minimization objective function of an economic production quantity (EPQ) inventory model with production breakdown and deterioration. The process reliability and the environmental pollution due to over production have also been considered. The model has been split into two different scenarios according to the breaking time before and after the production period. In scenario 1, no machinery failure occurs during production run time and that of scenario 2 the failure occurs during production run time. We develop a deterministic cost minimization problem first then we fuzzify the model by considering the production rate, the demand rate and all the cost components as lock fuzzy numbers. We convert the fuzzy model into equivalent game problem by considering Gaussian normal strategic probabilities. The model has been solved with the help of different key vectors employed by the decision maker. We have shown that the value of the game might be changed with the change of different key vectors. A comparative study has been made with the numerical results of the general fuzzy and crisp models. Finally, graphical illustrations and sensitivity analysis have been done followed by a conclusion.
The Negative Contingency Illusion: A Cognitive Bias Leading to Misjudgement of Protection
Authors: Piech Richard M. , Crump Matthew J. C. , Zald David H. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Humans possess a highly adaptive ability to draw inferences about the world by recognizing meaningful links between stimuli and events: making contingency judgements. We describe a systematic bias in contingency judgements that we label the negative contingency illusion in which individuals falsely judge a cue to be protective against an outcome. We demonstrate that the illusion arises when outcome probability is low and occurs when there is no actual relationship between cue and outcome and even when there is a modest positive relationship between cue and outcome. Such misjudgements may lead individuals to superstitious beliefs and could have major public health implications if they lead to the belief in and promotion of treatments that are ineffective or deleterious to the prevention and treatment of illness.
Three-Dimensional Simulator: Training for the Novices in Embolization With Liquid Agents
Authors: Matyjas Michal , Sauerbrey Marius , Scheel Michael 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: To design the simulator for novices without prior experience in embolization with liquid agents such as n-Butyl cyanoacrylate (n-BCA) and to evaluate the simulator using surveys and post hoc video analysis. Materials and Methods: The simulator was created using computer-aided design software and three-dimensionally printed. Before an embolization, trainees had filled the questionnaires regarding their level of expertise and self-reported confidence level. The participants were divided into the novice or the expert groups, were shown an instruction video, and each performed four embolizations. Subsequently, they completed the surveys on self-reported confidence level and assessed the simulator’s face and content validities.Results: 5 experts and 12 novices trained on the simulator. The experts were radiology fellows with at least five years of work experience. The novices were medical students and radiology residents in postgraduate years one and three, without any previous experience with embolization. Based on the surveys, the experts assessed the simulator as very useful for embolization training. Performance, e.g. mean duration embolization between experts (mean ± standard deviation = 189 ± 42 seconds) and novices (mean ± standard deviation = 235 ± 66 seconds) were significantly different (p = .001). The embolization, simulated complications, and educational capabilities of the simulator were evaluated positively. The self-reported confidence level rose by a mean of over two points, using the 5-point Lickert scale, in the novice group (p < .001).Conclusion: The liquid embolization simulator is an educational tool, mimicking embolization. It reduces the duration of embolization and improves the confidence level of the novices significantly.