bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of electroanatomical mapping-guided cardiac radiotherapy for ventricular tachycardia: pitfalls and solutions
Authors: Abdel-Kafi Saif , Sramko Marek , Omara Sharif , de Riva Marta , Cvek Jakub , Peichl Petr , Kautzner Josef , Zeppenfeld Katja 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Aims
To analyse and optimize the interobserver agreement for gross target volume (GTV) delineation on cardiac computed tomography (CCT) based on electroanatomical mapping (EAM) data acquired to guide radiotherapy for ventricular tachycardia (VT).

Methods and results
Electroanatomical mapping data were exported and merged with the segmented CCT using manual registration by two observers. A GTV was created by both observers for predefined left ventricular (LV) areas based on preselected endocardial EAM points indicating a two-dimensional (2D) surface area of interest. The influence of (interobserver) registration accuracy and availability of EAM data on the final GTV and 2D surface location within each LV area was evaluated. The median distance between the CCT and EAM after registration was 2.7 mm, 95th percentile 6.2 mm for observer #1 and 3.0 mm, 95th percentile 7.6 mm for observer #2 (P = 0.9). Created GTVs were significantly different (8 vs. 19 mL) with lowest GTV overlap (35%) for lateral wall target areas. Similarly, the highest shift between 2D surfaces was observed for the septal LV (6.4 mm). The optimal surface registration accuracy (2.6 mm) and interobserver agreement (Δ interobserver EAM surface registration 1.3 mm) was achieved if at least three cardiac chambers were mapped, including high-quality endocardial LV EAM.

Conclusion
Detailed EAM of at least three chambers allows for accurate co-registration of EAM data with CCT and high interobserver agreement to guide radiotherapy of VT. However, the substrate location should be taken in consideration when creating a treatment volume margin.
Mitochondrial enzyme GPT2 regulates metabolic mechanisms required for neuron growth and motor functionin vivo
Authors: Baytas Ozan , Davidson Shawn M , DeBerardinis Ralph J , Morrow Eric M 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe metabolic needs for postnatal growth of the human nervous system are vast. Recessive loss-of-function mutations in the mitochondrial enzyme glutamate pyruvate transaminase 2 (GPT2) in humans cause postnatal undergrowth of brain, and cognitive and motor disability. We demonstrate that GPT2 governs critical metabolic mechanisms in neurons required for neuronal growth and survival. These metabolic processes include neuronal alanine synthesis and anaplerosis, the replenishment of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates. We performed metabolomics across postnatal development in Gpt2-null mouse brain to identify the trajectory of dysregulated metabolic pathways: alterations in alanine occur earliest; followed by reduced TCA cycle intermediates and reduced pyruvate; followed by elevations in glycolytic intermediates and amino acids. Neuron-specific deletion of GPT2 in mice is sufficient to cause motor abnormalities and death pre-weaning, a phenotype identical to the germline Gpt2-null mouse. Alanine biosynthesis is profoundly impeded in Gpt2-null neurons. Exogenous alanine is necessary for Gpt2-null neuronal survival in vitro but is not needed for Gpt2-null astrocytes. Dietary alanine supplementation in Gpt2-null mice enhances animal survival and improves the metabolic profile of Gpt2-null brain but does not alone appear to correct motor function. In surviving Gpt2-null animals, we observe smaller upper and lower motor neurons in vivo. We also observe selective death of lower motor neurons in vivo with worsening motor behavior with age. In conclusion, these studies of the pathophysiology of GPT2 Deficiency have identified metabolic mechanisms that are required for neuronal growth and that potentially underlie selective neuronal vulnerabilities in motor neurons.
Energy analysis of vacuum tube collector system to supply the required heat gas pressure reduction station
Authors: Alayi Reza , Jahangiri Mehdi , Najafi Atabak 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In city gas pressure reducing stations, in order not to hydrate natural gas after a sudden drop in pressure, the gas temperature is raised by a heater. The increase in temperature is such that after the pressure drop, the gas inside the pipes does not freeze. These heaters are gas burning and very high consumption, and because they use fossil fuels, produce environmental pollution. Accordingly, in this research, solar energy will be used to preheat the gas, which will be used for the most accurate analysis of TRNSYS software. In this regard, the amount of utilization of the sun and the amount of energy required for preheating will be obtained. After the implementation of the TRNSYS program, the highest amount of energy supply by the sun is related to spring, which on this day provides 55% of the thermal energy required by the load by solar energy.
Acute Watery Diarrhea Surveillance During the Rohingya Crisis 2017–2019 in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Md Taufiqul , Khan Ashraful Islam , Khan Zahid Hasan , Tanvir Nabid Anjum , Ahmmed Faisal , Afrad Md Mokibul Hassan , Begum Yasmin Ara , Kim Minjoon , Hasan A S M Mainul , Vandenent Maya , Uzzaman M Salim , Shirin Tahmina , Clemens John D , Qadri Firdausi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Forcibly Displaced Myanmar Nationals (FDMNs) fled into Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh due to internal conflict. Considering the public health situation, a surveillance network was established to identify the enteric pathogens and early detection of cholera epidemics. The purpose of this manuscript is to report the clinical, epidemiological determinants of cholera and other enteric pathogens among hospitalized diarrheal patients from FDMNs and host community.

Methods
A total of 11 sentinel surveillance sites were established around the camps in Ukhia and Teknaf Upazila, Cox’s Bazar. Rapid diagnostic testing was conducted for immediate detection of cholera cases. Stool samples were transferred to the Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh (icddr,b) laboratory for culture.

Results
A total of 8134 participants with diarrhea were enrolled from 2017 to 2019: 4881 were FDMNs and 3253 were from the Bangladeshi host community. Among the FDMNs, the proportion of Vibrio cholerae was 0.7%, the proportion of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) was 4.9%, and the proportion of Shigella was 1.5%. The distributions from host community were 1.2% V cholerae, 1.8% ETEC, and 1.1% Shigella. Similar risk factors have been identified for the diarrheal pathogens for both communities.

Conclusions
This surveillance helped to monitor the situation of diarrheal diseases including cholera in refugee camps as well as in the neighboring host community. These findings lead policymakers to take immediate preventive measures.
The Enemy of My Enemy Is Not My Friend: Arabic Twitter Sentiment toward ISIS and the United States
Authors: Romney David , Jamal Amaney A , Keohane Robert O , Tingley Dustin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A counter-intuitive finding emerges from an analysis of Arabic Twitter posts from 2014 to 2015: Twitter participants who are negative toward the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIS) are also more likely to hold negative views of the United States. This surprising correlation is due to the interpretations of two sets of users. One set of users views the United States and ISIS negatively as independent interventionist powers in the region. The other set of users negatively links the United States with ISIS, often asserting a secretive conspiracy between the two. The intense negativity toward the United States in the Middle East seems conducive to views that, in one way or another, cause citizens to link the United States and ISIS in a conspiratorial manner.
Recent use of deep learning techniques in clinical applications based on gait: a survey
Authors: Matsushita Yume , Tran Dinh Tuan , Yamazoe Hirotake , Lee Joo-Ho 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Gait analysis has been studied for a long time and applied to fields such as security, sport, and medicine. In particular, clinical gait analysis has played a significant role in improving the quality of healthcare. With the growth of machine learning technology in recent years, deep learning-based approaches to gait analysis have become popular. However, a large number of samples are required for training models when using deep learning, where the amount of available gait-related data may be limited for several reasons. This paper discusses certain techniques that can be applied to enable the use of deep learning for gait analysis in case of limited availability of data. Recent studies on the clinical applications of deep learning for gait analysis are also reviewed, and the compatibility between these applications and sensing modalities is determined. This article also provides a broad overview of publicly available gait databases for different sensing modalities.
Unraveling the role of epigenetic regulation in asymmetric cell division during plant development
Authors: Alejo-Vinogradova M Teresa , Ornelas-Ayala Diego , Vega-León Rosario , Garay-Arroyo Adriana , García-Ponce Berenice , R. Álvarez-Buylla Elena , Sanchez María de la Paz 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Asymmetric cell divisions are essential to generate different cellular lineages. In plants, asymmetric cell divisions regulate the correct formation of the embryo, stomatal cells, apical and root meristems, and lateral roots. Current knowledge of regulation of asymmetric cell divisions suggests that, in addition to the function of key transcription factor networks, epigenetic mechanisms play crucial roles. Therefore, we highlight the importance of epigenetic regulation and chromatin dynamics for integration of signals and specification of cells that undergo asymmetric cell divisions, as well as for cell maintenance and cell fate establishment of both progenitor and daughter cells. We also discuss the polarization and segregation of cell components to ensure correct epigenetic memory or resetting of epigenetic marks during asymmetric cell divisions.
From giant clumps to clouds – I. The impact of gas fraction evolution on the stability of galactic discs
Authors: Renaud Florent , Romeo Alessandro B , Agertz Oscar 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
The morphology of gas-rich disc galaxies at redshift $\sim 1\!-\!3$ is dominated by a few massive clumps. The process of formation or assembly of these clumps and their relation to molecular clouds in contemporary spiral galaxies are still unknown. Using simulations of isolated disc galaxies, we study how the structure of the interstellar medium and the stability regime of the discs change when varying the gas fraction. In all galaxies, the stellar component is the main driver of instabilities. However, the molecular gas plays a non-negligible role in the interclump medium of gas-rich cases, and thus in the assembly of the massive clumps. At scales smaller than a few 100 pc, the Toomre-like disc instabilities are replaced by another regime, especially in the gas-rich galaxies. We find that galaxies at low gas fraction (10 per cent) stand apart from discs with more gas, which all share similar properties in virtually all aspects we explore. For gas fractions below $\approx 20{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$, the clump-scale regime of instabilities disappears, leaving only the large-scale disc-driven regime. Associating the change of gas fraction to the cosmic evolution of galaxies, this transition marks the end of the clumpy phase of disc galaxies, and allows for the onset of spiral structures, as commonly found in the local Universe.
Evaluation of the liver and blood micronucleus, and comet assay end points in a 14-day repeated-dose study with methyl carbamate and 1,3-propane sultone
Authors: Tu Honggang , Yu Chunrong , Tong Wen , Zhou Changhui , Li Ruowan , Huang Pengcheng , Wang Qingli , Chang Yan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The repeated-dose liver micronucleus (RDLMN) assay is a novel method for detecting genotoxic chemicals. Two carcinogens methyl carbamate (MC) and 1,3-propane sultone (PS) were evaluated for the liver micronucleus in a 14-day repeated-dose study with Crl: CD (SD) IGS rats. Additionally, micronucleated reticulocytes (MN-RET) in peripheral blood and DNA damage (alkaline comet assay) in the liver were also assessed in the same animals. Ten groups of five male Crl: CD (SD) IGS rats were treated once daily with MC (300, 600 or 1200 mg/kg/day), PS (37.5, 75 or 150 mg/kg/day), negative control or three positive controls by oral gavage for 15 days. Blood samples were collected at 3 h after the last administration for determining MN-RET frequencies (%MN-RET), and the livers were sampled for determining the frequency of micronuclei and DNA damage. MC was negative in the comet assay, liver micronucleus assay and reticulocyte micronucleus assay, while PS was positive in all three assays. These results are consistent with the previous genotoxic findings of MC and PS. Therefore, the liver micronucleus assay can be effectively integrated into repeated-dose studies in animals. Moreover, integration of multiple genotoxicity end points into one study can reduce the number of animals, boost the experimental efficiency, and provides a comprehensive evaluation of the genotoxic potential of chemicals.
Pathways of thymidine hypermodification
Authors: Lee Yan-Jiun , Dai Nan , Müller Stephanie I , Guan Chudi , Parker Mackenzie J , Fraser Morgan E , Walsh Shannon E , Sridar Janani , Mulholland Andrew , Nayak Krutika , Sun Zhiyi , Lin Yu-Cheng , Comb Donald G , Marks Katherine , Gonzalez Reyaz , Dowling Daniel P , Bandarian Vahe , Saleh Lana , Corrêa Ivan R , Weigele Peter R 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The DNAs of bacterial viruses are known to contain diverse, chemically complex modifications to thymidine that protect them from the endonuclease-based defenses of their cellular hosts, but whose biosynthetic origins are enigmatic. Up to half of thymidines in the Pseudomonas phage M6, the Salmonella phage ViI, and others, contain exotic chemical moieties synthesized through the post-replicative modification of 5-hydroxymethyluridine (5-hmdU). We have determined that these thymidine hypermodifications are derived from free amino acids enzymatically installed on 5-hmdU. These appended amino acids are further sculpted by various enzyme classes such as radical SAM isomerases, PLP-dependent decarboxylases, flavin-dependent lyases and acetyltransferases. The combinatorial permutations of thymidine hypermodification genes found in viral metagenomes from geographically widespread sources suggests an untapped reservoir of chemical diversity in DNA hypermodifications.
Microsurgical Resection of a Parasellar Meningioma Invading the Cavernous Sinus, Bone, and Optic Canal: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Ibn Essayed Walid , Tavanaiepour Daryoush , Abolfotoh Mohammad , Al-Mefty Ossama 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Parasellar meningiomas, regardless of the initial origin, frequently involve the optic canal and cavernous sinus, leading to visual loss and ocular movement dysfunction.
1
Hyperostotic bony invasion to the surrounding skull base is common.
2
Visual acuity prognosis can be improved by surgical resection through different technical maneuvers, including opening the optic canal and the preservation of the visual apparatus vascular supply by developing the intra-arachnoidal dissection planes.
1,3,4
To achieve radical dissection and reduce recurrences, the extradural invaded bone is thoroughly resected. Likewise, the soft and nonadherent invasive tumor around the cavernous carotid can be extensively removed.
1,3,4
New or worsening of the ophthalmoplegia is frequent after cavernous sinus exploration and tumor resection. However, it is usually temporary and improves progressively in 80% of patients.
1,3,4
Safely approaching these lesions requires extensive anatomic knowledge through cadaveric dissection and training, allowing us to achieve tumor control, preserve or improve visual function, and avoid or delay irradiation therapy.
1,3,4
Pituitary function preservation is also possible in many patients through surgery, which is at higher risk with irradiation. We demonstrate the technical maneuvers through a case of a 49-yr-old woman who presented with a parasellar meningioma involving the cavernous sinus, both optic canals, and extensive bony invasion. The patient consented to the surgery and publication of her images.
Image at 1:14 and middle and right image at 1:31 reprinted with permission from Al-Mefty O, Operative Atlas of Meningiomas. Vol 1, ©LWW, 1998. Left image at 1:31 reprinted from Arnautovic et al,
5
by permission from JNSPG.
Combined Microscopic-Endoscopic Transmastoid Resection of a Petrous Meningioma: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Ibn Essayed Walid , Aboud Emad , Al-Mefty Ossama 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Petrous meningiomas are defined as tumors with a basal dural attachment on the posterior surface of the petrous bone.
1
Their insertion can be anterior to the meatus (petrous apex meningiomas), or posterior to the meatus, with associated hyperostotic bony invasion either pre- or retro-meatal.
2
These meningiomas are amenable to curative surgical removal and have better surgical outcomes than more medially located true petroclival meningiomas that originate medial to the fifth nerve.
2-4
They, however, remain challenging because of their close relationship to critical neurovascular structures in the cerebellopontine angle.
5
The posterior petrous meningiomas might reach a significant size with compression of the cerebellum, the brainstem, and involvement of the cranial nerves, and extend posteriorly to the transverse sigmoid sinus.
2,6

Transmastoid approach with skeletonization and lateral reflection of the transverse sigmoid sinus provides a superb exposure without cerebellar retraction.
6,7
The ease and complete resection of the tumor and invaded bone can be facilitated by combined microscopic-endoscopic techniques. We demonstrate these principles through the resection of a petrosal meningioma in a 56-yr-patient who presented with headaches, nystagmus, and mild cerebellar signs. The patient consented to the procedure.
Image at 1:36 reprinted with permission from Al-Mefty O, Operative Atlas of Meningiomas. Vol 1, ©LWW, 1998.
Ant crickets and their secrets:Myrmecophilus acervorumis not always parthenogenetic (Insecta: Orthoptera: Myrmecophilidae)
Authors: Iorgu Ionuț Ştefan , Iorgu Elena Iulia , Stalling Thomas , Puskás Gellért , Chobanov Dragan , Szövényi Gergely , Moscaliuc Liviu Aurel , Motoc Rozalia , Tăuşan Ioan , Fusu Lucian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPreviously considered as a thelytokous parthenogenetic species, the widespread ant cricket Myrmecophilus acervorum actually turns out to have a mixed reproductive system: our recent surveys in the central part of its distribution area has revealed the presence of both sexes. Detailed morphological and morphometric descriptions of the previously unknown males are here provided. New data on species distribution in south-eastern Europe are presented, including the first records of M. balcanicus in Bulgaria and of M. nonveilleri in Bulgaria and Hungary. Phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses have revealed several haplotypes of M. acervorum in Europe, with six of them forming a parthenogenetic clade in populations distributed west of the Carpathians. We tested our samples for bacterial infection by Wolbachia and, surprisingly, Wolbachia was identified only in populations with both sexes and no amplification was obtained from parthenogenetic populations. Phylogenetic analyses performed with sequences pertaining to five nominal species related to M. acervorum, yielded topological congruent trees with four well-supported groups: one group with M. acervorum samples, the second group with M. nonveilleri samples, the third group with M. fuscus and M. gallicus samples, and the fourth group with samples of M. balcanicus. We performed species delineation tests on our sequences, which delimited between four to seven putative species.
CE: A Prone Positioning Protocol for Awake, Nonintubated Patients with COVID-19
Authors: Joseph Bridgid , Mackinson Lynn G. , Sokol-Hessner Lauge , Law Anica C. , DeSanto-Madeya Susan 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT:
Prone positioning of critically ill patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome is an accepted therapy done to improve oxygenation and promote weaning from mechanical ventilation. But there is limited information regarding its use outside of the ICU. At one Boston hospital, the influx of patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 strained its resources, requiring sweeping systems changes and inspiring innovations in clinical care. This article describes how an interdisciplinary team of clinicians developed a prone positioning protocol for use with awake, nonintubated, oxygen-dependent patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 on medical–surgical units, with the hope of hastening their recovery and avoiding deterioration and ICU transfer. A protocol implementation plan and staff educational materials were disseminated via the hospital incident command system and supported through daily leadership huddles. Patient eligibility criteria, including indications and contraindications, and a clear nursing procedure for the implementation of prone positioning with a given patient, were key elements. Nurses' feedback of their experiences with the protocol was elicited through an e-mailed survey. Nearly all respondents reported improvements in patients' oxygen saturation levels, while few respondents reported barriers to protocol implementation. The prone positioning protocol was found to be both feasible for and well tolerated by awake, nonintubated patients on medical–surgical units, and can serve as an example for other hospitals during this pandemic.
Injection Drug Use and Healthcare Utilization in Patients Newly Diagnosed With HIV
Authors: Fix Cecilia , Re Christopher , Roberts Brian , Salzman Matthew , Baston Kaitlan , Baxter John , Gorman Pamela , Salerno John , Haroz Rachel 
Published: September 2021

Objectives
To determine recent trends in: (1) human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) diagnoses, (2) the proportion of patients newly diagnosed with HIV with injection drug use (IDU) and (3) patients’ patterns of healthcare utilization in the year before diagnosis at an urban, academic medical center.

Methods
We performed a cross sectional study of patients newly diagnosed with HIV at a healthcare system in southern New Jersey between January 1st, 2014 and December 31st, 2019. Patients 18 years or older with HIV diagnosed during the study period were included. Demographics, comorbidities, HIV test results, and healthcare utilization data were collected from the electronic medical record.

Results
Of 192 patients newly diagnosed with HIV, 36 (19%) had documented IDU. New HIV diagnoses doubled from 22 to 47 annual cases between 2014 and 2019. The proportion of patients with newly diagnosed HIV and documented IDU increased from 9% in 2014 to 32% in 2019, chi-square test for linear trend P value = 0.001. Eighty-nine percent of patients with IDU had at least one contact with the healthcare system in the year before diagnosis compared to 63% of patients without IDU, P value 0.003. The median (interquartile range IQR) number of healthcare visits was 7 [2 – 16] for patients with IDU versus 1 [0 – 3] for patients without IDU, P < 0.001.

Conclusions
We observed an increase in new HIV diagnoses with an increase in the proportion of newly diagnosed patients with IDU. Patients with newly diagnosed HIV and IDU had high rates of health care utilization in the year before diagnosis presenting an opportunity for intervention.