bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survey of Dermatologic Procedures in Transgender Adults
Authors: Ragmanauskaite Laura , Zhang Qi , Kim Jin , Getahun Darios , Silverberg Michael J. , Goodman Michael , Yeung Howa 
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND
Dermatologists have the opportunity to provide medically necessary procedures, including laser hair removal, to transgender patients for gender affirmation. Further research is required to better assess the unique dermatologic needs of this population.

OBJECTIVE
To examine the prevalence of dermatologic procedures among transgender people in the context of gender-affirming treatment.

METHODS
This cross-sectional study examined survey responses from 696 transgender persons enrolled in the Study of Transition, Outcomes, and Gender cohort. Prevalence of self-reported dermatologic procedures was examined and compared across participant subgroups.

RESULTS
Electrolysis was the most commonly reported procedure (32.9%). Transfeminine patients were more likely to use dermatologic procedures compared with transmasculine patients. Only 19 participants (2.8%) reported the use of dermal filler injections.

CONCLUSION
Differences in utilization of dermatologic procedures were noted in transgender populations. Motivations, barriers, and optimal timing for gender-affirming dermatologic procedures among transgender persons should be examined in future studies.
Litigation Arising From Minimally Invasive Cosmetic Procedures: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Hibler Brian P. , Eliades Philip J. , Kagha Karen C. , Avram Mathew M. 
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND
Minimally invasive cosmetic procedures are on the rise. To meet this rising demand, increasing numbers of physicians and nonphysicians are performing these procedures. Understanding malpractice trends and reasons for litigation in cosmetic medicine is important to establish safeguards for patient care and minimize liability.

OBJECTIVE
Perform a comprehensive review of the literature on litigation associated with minimally invasive cosmetic procedures and discuss strategies to avoid facing a lawsuit.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The authors searched PubMed databases using a variety of keywords to identify studies of lawsuits arising from minimally invasive cosmetic procedures through December 2020.

RESULTS
A total of 12 studies of litigation meeting inclusion criteria were identified: botulinum toxin (1), soft tissue fillers (3), lasers (5), body contouring/liposuction (1), chemical peels/dermabrasion (1), and sclerotherapy (1). Principle factors associated with litigation included negligence, lack of informed consent, vicarious liability for action of delegates, lack of communication, poor cosmetic result, failure to inform of risks, inappropriate treatment or dose, and failure to recognize or treat injury.

CONCLUSION
Understanding malpractice trends and reasons for litigation in minimally invasive cosmetic procedures can strengthen the patient–provider relationship, establish safeguards for patient care, and may minimize future risk of a lawsuit.
Progressive Improvement in Static Glabellar Lines After Repeated Treatment With DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection
Authors: Glogau Richard , Kontis Theda C. , Liu Yan , Gallagher Conor J. 
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND
DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection (DAXI) is a novel botulinum toxin in development that has demonstrated efficacy on dynamic glabellar lines.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effect of repeated DAXI treatment on static glabellar lines.

METHODS
This post hoc analysis included adults with moderate or severe dynamic glabellar lines who were treated with 40U DAXI in the SAKURA clinical program. Glabellar line severity was evaluated through validated subject and investigator scales.

RESULTS
Overall, 568 subjects received 3 DAXI treatments. Most subjects were White (92.3%) and female (85.7%). At baseline, 9.0% and 27.3% of subjects had no static glabellar lines based on subject and investigator assessment, respectively. Four weeks after DAXI Treatment Cycle 1, the proportion of subjects with no static glabellar lines increased to 57.9% and 64.8% based on subject and investigator assessment, respectively. At Week 4 after DAXI Treatment Cycles 2 and 3, the proportion further increased to 68.7% and 71.5%, respectively, based on subject assessment and 75.0% and 77.6% based on investigator assessment.

CONCLUSION
Subjects who received repeated DAXI treatment showed progressive improvement in their static glabellar lines. The extended duration of therapeutic benefit with DAXI on dynamic glabellar lines likely provides a long period of muscle inactivity/hypoactivity, during which dermal remodeling can occur.
Accuracy of astigmatism correction with toric intraocular lens implantation in eyes with previous radial keratotomy
Authors: Canedo Ana Laura Caiado , Wang Li , Koch Douglas D. , Al-Mohtaseb Zaina 
Published: August 2021

Purpose:
To evaluate refractive outcomes of toric intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in eyes with previous radial keratotomy (RK).

Setting:
Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.

Design:
Retrospective case series.

Methods:
Consecutive cases with previous RK and had undergone cataract surgery with toric IOL implantation and met the following criteria were retrospectively reviewed: (1) regular bowtie corneal astigmatism within the central 3.0 mm zone, (2) difference in corneal regular astigmatism magnitude between the IOLMaster and Lenstar of ≤ 0.75 diopters (D), (3) difference in the regular astigmatism meridians from the 2 biometers of ≤15 degrees, and (4) available postoperative manifest refraction at ≥ 8 weeks with corrected distance visual acuity of 20/30 or better. Vector analysis was used to assess the preoperative corneal and postoperative refractive astigmatism.

Results:
In 40 eyes of 31 patients with previous RK, preoperatively, the mean magnitude of corneal regular astigmatism was 2.10 ± 0.98 D; 1 (3%) and 2 (10%) eyes had anterior corneal regular astigmatism ≤0.5 D and ≤1.0 D, respectively; and the centroid value was 1.14 D @ 179 degrees ± 2.05 D. Postoperatively, the mean magnitude of refractive regular astigmatism was 0.46 ± 0.44 D; 29 (73%) and 35 (88%) of eyes had refractive regular astigmatism ≤0.5 D and ≤1.0 D, respectively (P < .05); and the centroid value was 0.12 D @ 173 degrees ± 0.63 D (P < .05).

Conclusions:
Toric IOLs can be used successfully to treat corneal regular astigmatism in eyes with previous RK.
Visual and patient-reported factors leading to satisfaction after implantation of diffractive extended depth-of-focus and trifocal intraocular lenses
Authors: Lwowski Christoph , Pawlowicz Katarzyna , Petermann Kerstin , Hemkeppler Eva , Hinzelmann Lisa , Böhm Myriam , Kohnen Thomas 
Published: August 2021

Purpose:
To evaluate factors that influence postoperative satisfaction in patients with diffractive extended depth-of-focus (EDoF) and multifocal intraocular lenses (mIOLs).

Setting:
Department of Ophthalmology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.

Design:
Observational case study.

Methods:
Patients were evaluated after implantation of a diffractive EDoF (Symfony, AT LARA) or trifocal/quadrifocal (AT LISAtri, Panoptix) 3 months postoperatively. A subjective refraction was performed, uncorrected and corrected visual acuities were tested for distance (UDVA, CDVA), intermediate (at 60 cm and 80 cm, UIVA, DCIVA), and near (at 40 cm, UNVA, DCNVA). A test for contrast sensitivity was performed, and the patients filled 2 different questionnaires on daily activities and optical phenomena. Parameters with a potential correlation to the postoperative overall satisfaction were investigated.

Results:
94 patients with a mean age of 66 ± 19 years were included. Patients with a better UDVA and UIVA at 60 cm were more likely to choose the same IOL again. The intensity of subjective optical phenomena and the visual quality at different tasks of daily living influenced overall satisfaction. UIVA at 80 cm, UNVA, and corrected visual acuity demonstrated no significant influence on patient satisfaction. The uncorrected visual acuity at specific distances had a direct impact on the subjective visual quality regarding the task performed at those distances.

Conclusions:
For patients with diffractive EDoF and tri-/quadrifocal IOLs, the UDVA and UIVA at 60 cm seem to be more important than the UNVA and UIVA at 80 cm. Subjective visual quality and optical phenomena influence patient satisfaction, as well.
Refractive prediction error in cataract surgery using an optical biometer equipped with anterior segment OCT
Authors: Kato Yukihito , Kojima Takashi , Tamaoki Akeno , Ichikawa Kei , Tamura Kensei , Ichikawa Kazuo 
Published: August 2021

Purpose:
To evaluate refractive error after cataract surgery using an optical biometer equipped with anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT).

Setting:
Chukyo Eye Clinic, Nagoya, Japan.

Design:
Retrospective observational design.

Methods:
In total, 150 patients with cataract (150 eyes, mean age 73.4 ± 8.2 years, men 76, women 74), who underwent measurement of parameters with the AS-OCT scanners ANTERION (AS-OCTB) and IOLMaster 700 (OCTB) before cataract surgery, were enrolled in the study. Refractive prediction error was compared between the 2 devices using the SRK/T, Haigis, and Barrett Universal II (UII) formulas for intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation.

Results:
There were significant differences between AS-OCTB and OCTB in axial length, mean corneal refractive power, anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, and corneal diameter (n = 150). In the SRK/T formula, the arithmetic means of refractive prediction errors for AS-OCTB and OCTB were −0.06 ± 0.46 diopters (D) and 0.02 ± 0.42 D, respectively. In the Haigis formula, the arithmetic means of refractive prediction errors for AS-OCTB and OCTB were −0.23 ± 0.40 D and −0.08 ± 0.35 D, respectively. In the Barrett UII formula, the arithmetic means of refractive prediction errors for AS-OCTB and OCTB were −0.02 ± 0.38 D and 0.11 ± 0.36 D, respectively. AS-OCTB showed significantly larger refractive prediction error toward myopia than OCTB in all 3 formulas (P < .0001).

Conclusions:
The refractive prediction error using AS-OCTB showed a small difference from that using OCTB. While clinically comparable, the 2 methods could drive meaningful differences in IOL selection.
Late-onset toxic anterior segment syndrome after possible aluminum-contaminated and silicon-contaminated intraocular lens implantation
Authors: Wijnants Dries , Delbeke Heleen , Van Calster Joachim , Beerlandt Nancy , Nijs Ivo , Werner Liliana , Mamalis Nick , Saelens Isabelle 
Published: August 2021

Purpose:
To describe an outbreak of late-onset toxic anterior segment syndrome (TASS) after the implantation of a specific hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lens (IOL).

Setting:
University Hospitals of Leuven, Belgium.

Design:
Retrospective, single-center, observational study.

Methods:
All eyes undergoing cataract surgery with a monofocal, toric, or enhanced depth-of-focus (EDoF) Synthesis (Cutting Edge) IOL between August 2019 and March 2020 were reviewed. Data were collected on the surgical procedure, postoperative course, time until onset of symptoms, clinical features, and additional treatments. A laboratory surface analysis of all 3 IOL subtypes was performed in the Intermountain Ocular Research Center at the University of Utah, USA. Furthermore, other possible causes of prolonged postoperative inflammation rather than the IOL itself were investigated.

Results:
Among the 203 eyes included, 28 TASS cases were identified (13.8%), among which 25 received a monofocal IOL, and 3 received an EDoF IOL. The mean time until onset was 28.9 (±19.9) days. Patients presented with anterior chamber cells (92.9%), deposits on the IOL (57.1%), or fibrinous inflammation (35.7%). 4 eyes (14.3%) underwent a surgical intervention, whereas 24 eyes showed a resolution of inflammation with topical therapy alone. Laboratory analysis showed the presence of both aluminum and silicon particles on the monofocal IOL, silicon particles only on the EDoF IOL, and no particles on the toric IOL surface.

Conclusions:
This report describes an outbreak of atypical, late-onset TASS after cataract surgery, possibly correlated with aluminum and silicon contamination of the IOL surfaces.
Economic evaluation of prevention of cystoid macular edema after cataract surgery in diabetic patients: ESCRS PREMED study report 6
Authors: Simons Rob W.P. , Wielders Laura H.P. , Nuijts Rudy M.M.A. , Veldhuizen Claudette A. , van den Biggelaar Frank J.H.M. , Winkens Bjorn , Schouten Jan S.A.G. , Dirksen Carmen D. ,   on behalf of the ESCRS PREMED Study Group
Published: August 2021

Purpose:
To investigate the cost-effectiveness of prophylactic treatments against cystoid macular edema after cataract surgery in diabetic patients.

Setting:
7 ophthalmology clinics in the Netherlands and Belgium.

Design:
Prospective trial-based cost-effectiveness analysis using data from a European multicenter randomized clinical trial.

Methods:
Diabetic patients (n = 163) undergoing uneventful cataract surgery were randomized to perioperative subconjunctival triamcinolone acetonide (n = 36), perioperative intravitreal bevacizumab (n = 36), combination treatment (n = 45), or no additional treatment (control group, n = 46). The cost analysis was performed from a healthcare perspective within a 12-week postoperative time horizon. The main effectiveness outcome was quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). The main cost-effectiveness outcome was the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER; cost per QALY).

Results:
The mean total healthcare costs and QALYs were as follows: triamcinolone group €1827 (U.S. dollars [$] 2295)/0.166; bevacizumab group €2050 ($2575)/0.144; combination group €2027 ($2546)/0.166; and control group €2041 ($2564)/0.156. Bevacizumab and control treatment were most costly and least effective. The ICER was €321 984 ($404 503) per QALY for the combination group compared with that of the triamcinolone group. Assuming the willingness-to-pay as €20 000 ($25 126) per QALY, the cost-effectiveness probability was 70% and 23% in the triamcinolone and combination groups, respectively. No patient who received triamcinolone developed clinically significant macular edema (CSME). A secondary cost-effectiveness analysis based on this outcome showed a clear preference for triamcinolone.

Conclusions:
In diabetic patients, subconjunctival triamcinolone was effective in preventing CSME after cataract surgery. The cost-effectiveness analysis showed that triamcinolone is also cost-effective.
Characterizing astigmatism in the United States
Authors: Valluru Girish , Klawe Janek , Liu Bian , Ramulu Pradeep , Ahmad Sumayya 
Published: August 2021

Purpose:
To study astigmatism and astigmatism rule by (1) determining changes in prevalence in the United States between 1971 to 1975 and 1999 to 2008 and (2) identifying associations with demographic factors.

Setting:
National survey.

Design:
Retrospective cross-sectional study.

Methods:
Participants of the 1971 to 1975 and 1999 to 2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) aged 20 to 74 years representing the U.S population were included. The 1971 to 1975 NHANES measured astigmatism in participants using an algorithm based on presenting visual acuity, lensometry, and objective refraction. Similar methods were implemented using the 1999 to 2008 NHANES data for comparison. Prevalence of clinically significant astigmatism (≥1.0 diopters [D]) was identified, and logistic regression models were used to assess demographic associations with rule of astigmatism.

Results:
A total of 3371 and 13 10 participants were included from the 1970s and 2000s NHANES. Main outcomes were prevalence estimates of astigmatism and odds ratios estimating associations with demographic characteristics. There was an increase in astigmatism from the 1970s to 2000s (14% [95% CI: 13.2-14.5] vs 24% [22.8-24.6], which was more pronounced in men (12% [10.8-12.7] vs 23% [21.9-24.2]) than in women (16% [14.9-16.8] vs 24% [23.0-25.7]). In adjusted analysis of the 2000s cohort, myopic patients had 8.34 (CI: 7.30-9.54) times greater odds of astigmatism than nonmyopic patients. In the 2000s, there was increased odds of against-the-rule (ATR) astigmatism in men (odds ratio [OR], 1.4; 95% CI: 1.1-1.8) compared with women, in nonmyopic patients (OR, 2.3; 95% CI: 1.7-3.1) compared with myopic patients, and in patients aged 60 to 74 years (OR, 3.7; 95% CI: 2.7-5.1) compared with those aged 20 to 39 years.

Conclusions:
There is greater prevalence of astigmatism and ATR astigmatism in 1999 to 2008 compared with 30 years before in the U.S. Factors associated with ATR astigmatism were being male, White, and nonmyopic.
Intraocular bag-in-the-lens exchange: indications, outcomes, and complications
Authors: Dragnea Diana Carmen , Truţa Roxana Nadine , Goemaere Jordy , Tassignon Marie-José , Dhubhghaill Sorcha Ní 
Published: August 2021

Purpose:
To report the indications, outcomes, and complications regarding bag-in-the-lens (BIL) intraocular lens (IOL) exchange over a period of 13 years in a tertiary ophthalmologic center.

Setting:
Department of Ophthalmology of the University Hospital of Antwerp, Belgium.

Design:
Observational retrospective study.

Methods:
Between 2003 and 2020, 12 176 patients were operated using the BIL technique. Adult patients who underwent an intraocular BIL exchange were included, and the demographics, indications, outcomes, and complications were recorded.

Results:
59 eyes (0.48%) of 59 patients who underwent a BIL exchange between 2007 and 2020 were included. The mean age was 61.15 ± 13.53 years. The mean time between primary surgery and IOL exchange was 25.73 ± 41.88 months. The main indication for explantation was refractive surprise mostly related to patient risk factors, for example, preoperative corneal and refractive surgery. The mean preoperative uncorrected (UDVA) and corrected (CDVA) distance visual acuity were 0.36 ± 0.24 and 0.79 ± 0.24, respectively. The postoperative 1-month UDVA and CDVA were 0.66 ± 0.28 and 0.86 ± 0.19, respectively. The improvement in UDVA was statistically significant (<0.0001). The most common intraoperative complication was damage to the anterior hyaloid in 9 eyes (15%), which did not prohibit reimplantation of a secondary BIL.

Conclusions:
BIL to BIL exchange was a viable and successful technique that provides good refractive results with few, manageable complications. Because of the tertiary profile of the study center with referral of complex cases, BIL was the preferred IOL in patients at risk for postoperative refractive surprise.
The Relationship Between Psychological Resilience and Stress Perception in Nurses in Turkey During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: KARABULAK Hatice , KAYA Fadime 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT

Background
In Turkey, nurses are responsible for the treatment and care of patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and for tracing their contacts. Healthcare professionals exposed to COVID-19 face high levels of stress.

Purpose
This study was designed to determine the influence of psychological resilience and several sociodemographic and professional characteristics on stress perception in nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
A cross-sectional design was used in this study, which was conducted between June 16 and 29, 2020. Two hundred one nurses living in Turkey were enrolled as participants. Data were collected using an information form, the Perceived Stress Scale, and the Brief Psychological Strength Scale. This study aligns with the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology Checklist.

Results
According to the results of the multivariate linear regression analysis, the psychological resilience score of the participants accounted for 25.2% of the variance related to stress perception (p < .05). However, several of the demographic and professional characteristics considered in this study were not found to statistically significantly influence stress perception (p > .05).

Conclusions/Implications for Practice
The findings support that psychological resilience is significant in explaining perception of stress in nurses in Turkey. Interventions targeting psychological resilience are needed to reduce nurses' stress perceptions.
Kinetic and Kinematics Parameters of Hip in Gait for a Congenital Longitudinal Tibial Deficiency with Orthoprosthesis and Transfemoral Prosthesis: A Case Study
Authors: Alsancak Serap , Güner Senem , Tuncay İsmail Cengiz 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Congenital longitudinal tibial deficiency is a rare condition. It is characterized by partial or complete absence of tibia with a relatively intact fibula. Its standard treatment is surgery and employing orthoprosthesis or prosthesis. However, the effects of gaits according to the types of prosthesis is barely known.

Methods
Orthoprosthesis is offered to a 30-year-old man experiencing left-side congenital type 1 tibial hemimelia (classified as Jones type 1B) deficiency with thoracolumbar scoliosis and exhibiting a depressed shoulder as well as a stiff knee. He decided to have an amputation to wear a transfemoral (TF) prosthesis comprising a microprocessor-controlled knee.

Results
Three-dimensional gait analyses and a 6-minute walk test were performed preoperatively and postoperatively with the orthoprosthesis and TF prosthesis. Furthermore, the kinematics of hip flexion/extension and pelvic anterior/posterior tilt range of the motion degree were increased using TF prosthesis. The result of the kinetics of the hip flexion/extension moment and hip power parameters were affected using the TF prosthesis.

Conclusions
This case study suggests that the new prosthesis provides removable and adaptable component; further, it delivers a comfortable sitting experience because of its new socket design and knee joint flexion.

Clinical Relevance
Patient satisfaction is better with TF prosthesis than with orthoprosthesis. TF prosthesis is more cosmetic than orthoprosthesis, provides a symmetrical gait pattern, decreases donning and doffing durations, and there is no uncomfortable protrusion when sitting (due to amputation of the foot and leg part).