bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel Subgroups in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage and Their Association With Outcomes—A Systematic Review and Meta-Regression
Authors: Wang Ming-Dong , Fu Qian-Hui , Song Ming-Jing , Ma Wen-Bin , Zhang John-H. , Wang Zhan-Xiang 
Published: January 2021

Background and Purpose: Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) has long been classified into two main forms, aneurysmal SAH (aSAH) and non-aneurysmal SAH (naSAH), but the related risk factors for aSAH and naSAH are heterogeneous. Our objective was to determine the risk factors for SAH of known or unknown origin with respect to diagnostic evaluation in a large patient cohort. We sought to determine whether our classification system can further predict middle long-term stroke and death.Methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify risk factors for each SAH subtype. The discovery phase analyzed 11 risk factors from case studies in the literature. Kruskal-Wallis, Cox regression, logistic regression, and Kaplan-Meier analyses were used to compare the two groups.Results: A total of 14,904 (34.53%) male and 22,801 (52.84%) female patients were eligible for this study. At a median follow-up of 45.6 months, the 5-years overall survival was 97.768% (95% CI: 0.259–0.292) for aSAH patients and 87.904% (95% CI: 1.459–1.643) for naSAH patients. The 10-years survival rate was 93.870% (95% CI: 2.075–3.086) and 78.115% (95% CI: 2.810–3.156), respectively. Multi-risk factor subgroups showed significant intergroup differences. We identified eight risk factors (drugs, trauma, neoplastic, vessels lesion, inflammatory lesion, blood disease, aneurysm, peri-mesencephalic hemorrhage) using logistic regression, which were optimally differentiated among the aSAH [aSAH-S (AUC: 1), a-d-SAH (AUC: 0.9998), aSAH-T (AUC: 0.9199), aSAH-N (AUC: 0.9433), aSAH-V (AUC: 1), aSAH-I (AUC: 0.9954), a-bd-SAH (AUC: 0.9955)] and naSAH [na-pmSAH (AUC: 0.9979), na-ni-ivl-SAH (AUC: 1), na-t-SAH (AUC: 0.9997), na-ne-SAH (AUC: 0.9475), na-d-SAH (AUC: 0.7676)] subgroups. These models were applied in a parallel cohort, showing eight risk factors plus survival rates to predict the prognosis of SAH.Conclusions: The classification of risk factors related to aSAH and naSAH is helpful in the diagnosis and prediction of the prognosis of aSAH and naSAH patients. Further validation is needed in future clinical applications.
Upregulation of Spinal ASIC1 and NKCC1 Expression Contributes to Chronic Visceral Pain in Rats
Authors: Li Yong-Chang , Tian Yuan-Qing , Wu Yan-Yan , Xu Yu-Cheng , Zhang Ping-An , Sha Jie , Xu Guang-Yin 
Published: January 2021

Aims: To determine whether acid-sensing ion channel 1 (ASIC1)–sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter 1 (NKCC1) signaling pathway participates in chronic visceral pain of adult rats with neonatal maternal deprivation (NMD).Methods: Chronic visceral pain was detected by colorectal distension (CRD). Western blotting and Immunofluorescence were performed to detect the expression and location of ASIC1 and NKCC1. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were performed to record spinal synaptic transmission.Results: The excitatory synaptic transmission was enhanced and the inhibitory synaptic transmission was weakened in the spinal dorsal horn of NMD rats. ASIC1 and NKCC1 protein expression in the spinal dorsal horn was significantly up-regulated in NMD rats. Incubation of Amiloride reduced the amplitude of mEPSCs. Incubation of Bumetanide (BMT) increased the amplitude of mIPSCs. Intrathecal injection of ASIC1 or NKCC1 inhibitors reversed the threshold of CRD in NMD rats. Also, Amiloride treatment significantly reversed the expression of NKCC1 in the spinal dorsal horn of NMD rats.Conclusion: Our data suggest that the ASIC1-NKCC1 signaling pathway is involved in chronic visceral pain in NMD rats.
Detecting and Preventing Defensive Reactions Toward Persuasive Information on Fruit and Vegetable Consumption Using Induced Eye Movements
Authors: Dijkstra Arie , Elbert Sarah P. 
Published: January 2021

Objective: Persuasive messages regarding fruit and vegetable consumption often meet defensive reactions from recipients, which may lower message effectiveness. Individual differences in emotion regulation and gender are expected to predict these reactions. In the working memory account of persuasion, inducing voluntary eye movements during the processing of the auditory persuasive information might prevent defensiveness and thereby increase message effectiveness.Methods: Participants in two independently recruited samples from the general population (n = 118 and n = 99) listened to a negatively framed auditory persuasive message advocating fruit and vegetable consumption. Half of them were asked to keep following a regularly moving stimulus on their screen with their eyes. At pretest, the individual differences of cognitive self-affirmation inclination (CSAI) and gender were assessed to predict defensive reactions.Results: In Study 1, induced eye movements significantly increased self-reported consumption after 2 weeks when CSAI was low, but only in males, as indicated by a significant three-way interaction (p &lt; 0.001). With negative self-evaluative emotions as dependent variable, this three-way interaction was also significant (p &lt; 0.05), suggesting that induced eye movements prevented defensiveness in low CSAI males. Study 2 did not assess consumption but replicated the latter three-way interaction (p &lt; 0.05).Conclusion: The studies replicated our earlier findings regarding the moderating effects of individual differences in emotion regulation (i.e., CSAI) on persuasion, but they also revealed gender differences in persuasion that are related to the working memory. The working memory account of persuasion provides new theoretical as well as practical angles on persuasion to target individuals in persuasion to increase fruit and vegetable consumption.
Stakeholder Recommendations to Increase the Accessibility of Online Health Information for Adults Experiencing Concussion Symptoms
Authors: Beaton M. Denise , Hadly Gabrielle , Babul Shelina 
Published: January 2021

Background: Concussion is a global public health problem. In Canada, concussion is among the top five reasons for workplace time-loss. Concussion results in physical, cognitive, and/or emotional symptoms that temporarily worsen with physical and mental exertion, such as viewing electronic screens. The Internet is the primary source of consumer health information. Studies on the end-user needs of adults with brain injuries in regards to digital health technologies largely focus on informational content. There is little to no research on the accessibility of screen-based informational websites and smartphone applications among this population.Objective: The aim of this research was to involve stakeholders in the design of a comprehensive educational resource to guide concussion recognition, recovery, and return-to-work, called the Concussion Awareness Training Tool for Workers and Workplaces (CATT WW). In order to ensure both relevant content and appropriate delivery of the information to the target groups, participants were asked whether adaptations could increase the accessibility of online health information for the general adult population experiencing concussion symptoms.Methods: Data have been generated through semi-structured in-depth interviews and focus groups with participants from across British Columbia (BC): workers from various industries who were in the concussion recovery process or had returned to work (n = 31); and healthcare or workplace professionals who support concussion diagnosis, recovery, and return-to-work (n = 16). Data were analyzed using NVivo 12. Before commencing data collection, ethical permission was granted by the University of British Columbia Research Ethics Board (H18-00604), and approval was received from WorkSafeBC Research Services.Results: Participants (n = 47) recommended twenty adaptations or supplements to electronic screen-based digital health technologies.Conclusion: Given the high prevalence of concussion among the working adult population, the symptom exacerbation commonly caused by prolonged use of electronic screens, and the demand for online educational resources, these findings can guide clinicians, researchers, technology developers, employers, and occupational health and safety committees to further support adults in concussion recovery and return-to-work.
Cricothyrotomy Is Faster Than Tracheostomy for Emergency Front-of-Neck Airway Access in Dogs
Authors: Hardjo Sureiyan , Croton Catriona , Woldeyohannes Solomon , Purcell Sarah Leonie , Haworth Mark David 
Published: January 2021

Objectives:In novice final year veterinary students, we sought to: (1) compare the procedure time between a novel cricothyrotomy (CTT) technique and an abbreviated tracheostomy (TT) technique in canine cadavers, (2) assess the success rate of each procedure, (3) assess the complication rate of each procedure via a damage score, (4) evaluate the technical difficulty of each procedure and (5) determine the preferred procedure of study participants for emergency front-of-neck access.Materials and Methods:A prospective, cross-over, block randomised trial was performed, where veterinary students completed CTT and TT procedures on cadaver dogs. Eight students were recruited and performed 32 procedures on 16 dogs. A generalised estimating equation approach to modelling the procedure times was used.Results:The procedure time was significantly faster for the CTT than the TT technique, on average (p&lt; 0.001). The mean time taken to complete the CTT technique was 49.6 s (95% CI: 29.5–69.6) faster on average, with a mean CTT time of less than half that of the TT. When taking into account the attempt number, the procedure time for a CTT was 66.4 s (95% CI: 38.9–93.9) faster than TT for the first attempt, and for the second attempt, this was 32.7 s (95% CI: 15.2–50.2) faster, on average. The success rate for both procedures was 100% and there was no difference detected in the damage or difficulty scores (P= 0.13 and 0.08, respectively). Seven of eight participants preferred the CTT.Clinical Significance:CTT warrants consideration as the primary option for emergency front-of-neck airway access for dogs.
La ley de Okun en Ecuador. Un análisis de cointegración, 2007-2019.
Authors: Ontaneda Jiménez Diego 
Published: January 2021

El estudio analiza la ley de Okun para Ecuador durante 2007.I-2019.IV con dos metodologías de cointegración, el método de Johansen & Juselius (1990) y el enfoque Autorregresivo de Rezago Distribuido (ARDL) propuesto por Pesaran & Shin (1995) y Pesaran, Shin & Smith (2001) . Los resultados empíricos indican que en el largo plazo el desempleo tiene un efecto negativo, estadísticamente significativo sobre la producción. El análisis de cointegración señala que un punto porcentual adicional en la tasa de desempleo disminuye la producción en 2.06% en el caso del enfoque de Johansen & Juselius (1990) y de 2.09% con el enfoque ARDL. Los resultados indican una relación bidireccional entre la producción y el desempleo, y señalan que frente a fluctuaciones en el sistema, el efecto en el desempleo registra su nivel máximo en el quinto trimestre, mientras que el producto alcanza su punto máximo en el tercer trimestre. Esto sugiere que los hacedores de política deben considerar el impulso de la producción como una estrategia clave para combatir el desempleo y el elevado costo de la desocupación en términos de producto, y que los efectos de las políticas que buscan promover la economía van a transmitirse a lo largo del tiempo.
Aplicación de algoritmos etnomatemáticos en el aprendizaje significativo de estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Alarcón Anco Ronald Jesús , Flores de la Cruz Heyden Neil 
Published: January 2021

El artículo presenta resultados del impacto de los algoritmos etnomatemáticos en el aprendizaje significativo de la matemática en los estudiantes universitarios en 2019. El estudio persiguió el propósito de determinar como la aplicación de los algoritmos etnomatemáticos afecta el aprendizaje significativo de la matemática. En él se verifica la aplicación frecuente de dichos algoritmos en las sesiones de aprendizaje puede mejorar significativamente el aprendizaje de la matemática, en estudiantes universitarios. Se aplicaron tres técnicas: observación, cuestionario y una ficha de entrevista aplicada a 25 estudiantes universitarios, aplicado en dos pruebas, una prueba preliminar y una prueba de cierre. Con resultados positivos, mostrados a través de los valores del estadístico T = 1.02 (primera hipótesis operacional) por lo que se acepta Hi y se rechaza Ho. Y en el estadístico, T = 0,09(tercera hipótesis operacional), que está en el área de aceptación, para lo cual aceptamos Hi y rechazamos Ho. Está comprobado estadísticamente que el uso de algoritmos etnomatemáticos influye en el aprendizaje significativo de los estudiantes universitarios. Concluyéndose que los estudiantes universitarios desarrollan mejor sus habilidades lógicas y matemáticas utilizando algoritmos etnomatemáticos. Se deben profundizar estudios sobre el efecto que produce la aplicación de la etnomatemática como estrategia de enseñanza aprendizaje en la formación inicial docente a nivel de Escuelas Superiores y Universidades.
Computational Study of Premixed Flame Propagation in Micro-Channels with Nonslip Walls: Effect of Wall Temperature
Authors: Ugarte Orlando J. , Akkerman V’yacheslav 
Published: January 2021

This investigation evaluates the propagation of premixed flames in narrow channels with isothermal walls. The study is based on the numerical solution of the set of fully-compressible, reacting flow equations that includes viscosity, diffusion, thermal conduction and Arrhenius chemical kinetics. Specifically, channels and pipes with one extreme open and one extreme closed are considered such that a flame is sparked at the closed extreme and propagates towards the open one. The isothermal channel walls are kept at multiple constant temperatures in the range from Tw=300 K to 1200 K. The impact of these isothermal walls on the flame dynamics is studied for multiple radii of the channel (R) and for various thermal expansion ratios (Θ), which approximate the thermal behavior of different fuel mixtures in the system. The flame dynamics in isothermal channels is also compared to that with adiabatic walls, which were previously found to produce exponential flame acceleration at the initial stage of the burning process. The results show that the heat losses at the walls prevent strong acceleration and lead to much slower flame propagation in isothermal channels as compared to adiabatic ones. Four distinctive regimes of premixed burning in isothermal channels have been identified in the Θ−Tw−R space: (i) flame extinction; (ii) linear flame acceleration; (iii) steady or near-steady flame propagation; and (iv) flame oscillations. The physical processes in each of these regimes are discussed, and the corresponding regime diagrams are presented.
Structural Synthesis of Lower-Class Robot Manipulators with General Constraint One
Authors: Alizade Rasim , Soltanov Suleyman , Hamidov Abusalat 
Published: January 2021

In this research, the structural synthesis of lower-class robot manipulators with general constraint one is investigated. The number of constraints d = 1 and the mobility number λ = 5 for sphere–sphere and sphere–plane combinations of higher kinematic pairs are investigated by using the analytical approach. Structural synthesis of new first- and second-class robot manipulators is investigated by using transformations of higher kinematic pairs to lower kinematic pairs. Therefore, using this approach, we obtain structural groups with general constraint one. Further, kinematic structures and physical models of overconstrained robot manipulators are presented in the research.
Promising apple clonal rootstocks in Crimea
Authors: Танкевич Валентина Викторовна 
Published: January 2021

Современная экономика диктует необходимость быстрой и эффективной окупаемости затрат, вложенных в производство продукции садоводства. Это требует интенсификации отрасли. Одним из путей решения поставленных задач является закладка садов на клоновых подвоях, обеспечивающих высокое, стабильное плодоношение, с плодами отменных вкусовых качеств, подбор новых подвоев, приспособленных к условиям Крыма и не уступающих по комплексу хозяйственно-биологических свойств районированным в регионе. В статье освещены результаты многолетнего изучения 14 клоновых подвоев в сочетании с 2 сортами яблони. Определена сила роста изучаемых привойно-подвойных комбинаций в почвенно-климатических условиях Предгорного Крыма. Комбинации сортов Аскольда и Ренет Симиренко с подвоями ЕМ-IX, КД 4, КД 5 по показателям параметров кроны относятся к слаборослой группе. Деревья на К 104 по силе роста занимают положение промежуточное между ЕМ-IX и ММ-106, но имеют хорошо развитую корневую систему и компактную форму кроны. Выделенные комбинации рано вступают в плодоношение (на 2-3 год). Средний урожай таких насаждений равен 24,4-30,6 т/га. Отобранные подвои обладают большим биологическим потенциалом и эффективными хозяйственно-биологическими свойствами и представляют интерес для южного садоводства.
Modern economy prescribes the necessity of rapid and efficient returns of costs invested in horticultural production. It requires an intensification of the industry. One of the ways to achieve this goal is to establish gardens on clonal rootstocks ensuring high and stable crop-bearing with fruits of excellent taste, selection of new rootstocks, adapted to the conditions of Crimea and not inferior in terms of the economical and biological properties to those already recognized in the region. The article highlights the results of a long-term study of 14 clonal rootstocks in combination with 2 apple varieties. We determined the power of growth of the grafting and rootstock pairs in the soil and weather conditions of the Piedmont Crimea. Combinations of ‘Ascold’ and ‘Renet Simirenko’ varieties with rootstocks EM - IX, KD 4, KD 5 in terms of crown parameters belong to a dwarf group. By the power of growth, the trees on K 104 are intermediate between EM - IX and MM - 106, but they have a well-developed root system and compact shape of the crown. The obtained combinations come into fruiting early (in the 2nd-3d year). The average yield of such plantations is 24.4-30.6 t / ha. The selected rootstocks have great biological potential and effective economical and biological properties proving to be promising for southern horticulture.
Navigation Support for Monitoring the Underlying Surface From UAV with a Passive Optical Sensor
Authors: Starovoytov E. I. 
Published: January 2021

На сегодняшний день с помощью беспилотных летательных аппаратов (БПЛА) решается широкий круг задач, в том числе мониторинг окружающей среды и обследование зон чрезвычайных ситуаций, при которых выполняется локация различных объектов на подстилающей поверхности и их последующая привязка к географическим координатам.Развитие беспилотных систем в настоящее время тесно связано с оптическими датчиками, используемыми на БПЛА всех типов. Пассивные оптические датчики имеют малые массу и габариты, потребляют небольшую мощность от бортовой сети электропитания, при этом они могут измерять дальности до объектов со сложной конфигурацией и ненормированным коэффициентом отражения поверхности.Цель данной работы – анализ требований к навигационной аппаратуре при измерении дальности монокулярным пассивным оптическим датчиком до статических наземных объектов с борта БПЛА и их последующей привязке к географическим координатам.Выполнены оценки разных вариантов осуществления оптической локации наземных объектов параллаксным методом измерений с оптической и навигационной аппаратурой на борту легких БПЛА малого радиуса действия, мини- и микро-БПЛА. В качестве источников навигационных данных может быть использована аппаратура спутниковой навигации, телекамеры, бесплатформенная инерциальная навигационная система, барометрический высотомер и цифровой компас.При использовании рассматриваемых навигационных датчиков обеспечивается измерение дальностей до 1000 м с относительной погрешностью не более 10 %. При привязке объектов к географическим координатам оценки погрешности как для прямолинейной, так и для сложной траектории полета БПЛА различаются не более чем на 4,1 м для всех типов навигационных датчиков, а позиционная ошибка не превышает 150 м при величине ошибки по высоте не более 40 м.В ранее известных работахоценка измерений выполнялась на малом базисе (уход БИНС не учитывался), а привязка обнаруженных объектов к географическим координатам не выполнялась.Результаты работы могут применяться в разработке навигационных систем различных БПЛА и беспилотных систем мониторинга наземной обстановки.
Glycerin-containing Working Fluids for Hydraulic Drives for Special Purposes
Authors: Efremova K. D. , Pilgunov V. N. 
Published: January 2021

The cavitation properties of a liquid must be taken into account in the engineering design of hydraulic machines and devices for hydraulic automation in cases when in their working process the absolute pressure in the liquid may drop below atmospheric, and the liquid is in a rarefied state for a certain time. Cold boiling, which occurs at a relatively low temperature and reduced absolute pressure inside or on the surface of the liquid, is considered as hydrostatic cavitation, if the liquid is stationary, or as hydrodynamic cavitation, if the liquid enters conditions under which the velocity head sharply increases in the flow section and the absolute pressure.In accordance with the theory of cavitation, the first phase of cavitation occurs when the absolute pressure in the degassed liquid drops to the value of the saturated vapor pressure and the air dissolved in the liquid, leaving the intermolecular space, turns into microbubbles of undissolved air and becomes a generator of cavitation "nuclei". Of practical interest is a quantitative assessment of the value of the minimum permissible absolute pressure in a real, partially or completely degassed liquid, at which hydrostatic cavitation occurs.Since the pressure of saturated vapor of a liquid is, to a certain extent, associated with the forces of intermolecular interaction, it is necessary to have information on the cavitation properties of technical solutions, including the solution of air in a liquid, since a solute can weaken intermolecular bonds and affect the value of the pressure of saturated vapors of the solvent. The article describes an experiment carried out by the authors to evacuate liquids. During the experiment, evacuation of various liquids was carried out using a developed hydraulic vacuum pump with a pneumatic drive.The article presents the technologies of hydrostatic and hydrodynamic degassing of liquids used in the experiment.As a result of experimental studies of the cavitation properties of pure glycerin and glycerin in the form of a 49/51% solution in water, mineral oil and aviation kerosene, quantitative estimates of the permissible absolute pressure in the considered technical fluids and solutions were obtained, its dependence on the saturated vapor pressure, the influence of the degree of hydrodynamic degassing the liquid, and the amount of dissolved substance in it on the strength of the liquid to rupture.In the process of studying the cavitation properties of solutions, it was found that the level of permissible absolute pressure in the solution is greater than that of the solvent. It has been suggested that dissolved solid, liquid or gaseous substances weaken the intermolecular bonds of the solvent and increase the pressure of its saturated vapor.On the basis of the experimental studies, a method for determining the highest rarefaction in solvents and in glycerol solutions has been developed. In addition, a comparative assessment of the cavitation properties of the considered technical fluids is given.