bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CLCA1 Has a Prognostic Indicator for the Colorectal Cancer by Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis
Authors: lin jiajng , yang lingzhi , lin suyong , chen zhihua , chen shaoqin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) has become the second most common digestive tract tumor. Even though the means to treat colon cancer have improved, patients prognosis is low due to the lack of accurate molecular targets. Hence, it urgently demanded better biomarkers for prognosis and progression of colon cancer. This study explores the hub gene associated with the prognosis of colorectal cancer and further analyzes the hub gene function. In this study, all genes mRNA expression data were from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) colon cancer database and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). These databases were used to screen the differentially expressed co-genes between colon cancer tissue and normal tissue. Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis screened out a total of 103 differential co-expression genes (WGCNA). According to the R cluster profile package annotation analysis, these genes biological functions mainly concentrate on energy metabolism. Moreover, in the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, the CytoHubba plugin of Cytoscape was used to screen out ten genes (CLCA1, ZG16, GUCA2B, GUCA2A, CLCA4, SLC26A3, MS4A12, GCG, SI, and NR1H4). According to the survival analysis results, high expression of CLCA1has better overall survival and disease-free survival in patients with CRC. Simultaneously, the mRNA expression of CLCA1 in normal tissues was higher than that in CRC tissues. Besides, there were significant differences in the expression of CLCA1 in pathological stage, T stage, and M stage. By using a gene set enrichment analysis, we found several considerable enrichment pathways in the high-groups. CIBERSORT analysis for the proportion of TICs revealed that B-cell naive, dendritic cells, plasma cells, and CD4+ T cells were positively correlated with CLCA1 expression, suggesting that CLCA1 might be responsible for the preservation of immune-dominant status for TME. Finally, in the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database, the protein level of CLCA1 in the colorectal cancer samples decreased, consistent with the down-regulation of the mRNA expression level CLCA1. To sum up, by integrating WGCNA with differential gene expression analysis, this research generated a significant survival correlative gene called CLCA1 that can predict prognosis prediction in colon cancer.
Holographic Optical Field Recovery Using a Regularized Untrained Deep Decoder Network
Authors: Niknam Farhad , Ghazvini Hamed , Latifi Hamid 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Image reconstruction using minimal measured information has been a long-standing open problem in many computational imaging approaches, in particular in-line holography. Many solutions are devised based on compressive sensing (CS) techniques with handcrafted image priors or supervised Deep Neural Networks (DNN). However, the limited performance of CS methods due to lack of information about the image priors and the requirement of an enormous amount of per-sample-type training resources for DNNs has posed new challenges over the primary problem. In this study, we propose a single-shot lensless in-line holographic reconstruction method using an untrained deep neural network which is incorporated with a physical image formation algorithm. We demonstrate that by modifying a deep decoder network with simple regularizers, a Gabor hologram can be inversely reconstructed via a minimization process that is constrained by a deep image prior. The outcoming model allows to accurately recover the phase and amplitude images without any training dataset, excess measurements, or specific assumptions about the object’s or the measurement’s characteristics.
Inequitable Access to Healthcare in Africa: Reconceptualising the “Accountability for Reasonableness Framework” to Reflect Indigenous Principles
Authors: Ujewe Samuel Jonathan , Staden Werdi C. van 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe “Accountability for Reasonableness” (A4R) framework has been widely adopted in working towards equity in health for sub-Saharan Africa. Its suitability for equitable health policy in Africa hinges, at least in part, on its considerable successes in the United States and it being among the most comprehensive ethical approaches in current literature in addressing inequitable access to healthcare. Methodology/FindingThis article considers applications of A4R towards health equity in sub-Saharan Africa – including the WHO’s “3-by-5” and the REACT projects – and ascribes some of the challenges that these projects encountered to an incongruity between the underpinning ethical principle of A4R and the communitarian ethical principle dominant in sub-Saharan Africa. These are respectively the fair equality of opportunity principle derived from John Rawls’ theory, and the African communal responsibility principle. ConclusionA health equity framework informed by the latter, we contend, should be more suitable for African contexts, generating impetus from within Africa alongside the affordances of A4R.
Integrated Geospatial Multi Influencing Factor Approach to Delineate and Identify Groundwater Potential Zones in Kabul Province, Afghanistan
Authors: Nasir Muhammad Jamal , Khan Sajjad , Ayaz Tehreem , Khan Amir Zeb , Ahmad Waqas , Lei Ming 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This study was an attempt to evaluate the groundwater potentiality in Kabul province, Afghanistan using geospatial multi influencing factor (MIF) approach. The influencing parameters employed for the assessment of groundwater potential zones (GWPZ) includes slope, geology, soil, land use/land cover, lineament density, rainfall and drainage density. The sub-classes within each influencing parameter were sub-divided, based on their effectiveness in groundwater potentiality as major, minor and no effect, and subsequently assigned a score value. The combined score value of these parameters was used for calculating the relative weight. The delineated GWPZ were classified in four groups, i.e. poor, moderate, good and very good GWPZ. The study results revealed that very good GWPZ covered an area of 354.87km2 (2% of the total area), good 1523.86 km2 (20%), moderate 2250.99 km2 (73%) and poor 477.19 km2 (5%). The study concluded that geospatial assisted MIF approach was very useful and efficient techniques for the assessment of GWPZ and can be effectively employed to enhance the conceptual understanding of groundwater resources of Kabul Basin, Afghanistan.
Multi-View Whole Lung Radiomics Quantitative Analysis of COVID-19 Pneumonia Based on Machine Learning
Authors: Chen Li , Liu Shuang , Ye Yuming , Lin Li , Xu Shanghua , Qiu Moliang , Hu Zhijian 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Quantitative and radiomics imaging could realize non-invasive disease diagnosis. This study aimed to evaluate radiomics features of the whole lung for predicting new coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) from different views, and to investigate new radiomics features. 75 patients were retrospectively enrolled from December 1, 2019 to December 31, 2020. Both lungs were segmented by an unsupervised hybrid image segmentation approach. Radiomics features of the transverse plane, coronal plane and sagittal plane were separately extracted. After utilizing least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), three radiomics models based on key radiomics features were built by machine learning. Meanwhile, the different categories radiomics models were constructed by the particle swarm optimization-deep extreme learning machine(PSO-DELM). Predictive accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and areas under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were evaluated performances of these radiomics models.Results: Training and test cohorts had similar distributions of age and pneumonia type. 13 (transverse plane), 4 (coronal plane) and 8 (sagittal plane) selected features were constructed radiomics models in training cohort. Radiomics models based on PSO-DELM in the transverse plane, coronal plane and sagittal plane showed the favorable performance in the testing cohort(AUC=0.9444, 0.8636 and 0.9444, respectively). The phase congruency feature showed the stable predictive performance (AUC>0.9) among these radiomics features on the three different plane.Conclusions: Multi-view whole lung radiomics features could effectively differentiate COVID-19 from other types of pneumonia. Phase congruency may be attempted as a radiomics biomarker for the identification of pulmonary diseases. Merging the radiomics features into PSO-DELM is a promising direction for future research about medical radiology and deep learning.
Effect of Home-Based Pulmonary Rehabilitation on Functional Capacity in People With Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis- A Systematic Review Protocol
Authors: Amin Revati , Vaishali K , Maiya Arun G , Mohapatra Aswini Kumar , Yadav Uday Narayan , Parsekar Shradha S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BackgroundIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is one of the common types of interstitial lung disease having high prevalence and mortality worldwide. As a result of patient-centred hindering factors of adherence to centre-based pulmonary rehabilitation (PR), home-based PR is an alternate mode of rehabilitating individuals with IPF. This systematic review will evaluate the effectiveness of unsupervised home-based PR on functional capacity and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in individuals with IPF. MethodsClinically stable, high resolution computed tomography and physician diagnosed IPF participants having modified Medical Research Council score below five will be considered for the systematic review. Studies involving home-based PR as an intervention to treat individuals with IPF will be considered. Randomised controlled trials and quasi-randomised studies (with two groups followed-up) are eligible to be included. Outcomes of our interest are functional capacity (6-minute walk distance, shuttle walk test and incremental shuttle walk test) and secondary outcome measure would include assessment of quality of life and adverse effects of intervention. Electronic databases such as SCOPUS, Medline (PubMed and Web of Science), PEDRo and CINAHL will be searched using database specific terms. Additionally, forward and backward citations of included studies will be searched to identify potential records. Two review authors, independently, will conduct the screening, data extraction using a customised standard tool, and critical appraisal using Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool of included studies. If data permits, meta-analysis will be conducted. In case of substantial heterogeneity, we will do a narrative synthesis. Subgroup analysis will be undertaken based on various contextual and interventional factors. DiscussionThis systematic review will guide the physiotherapists and individuals with IPF on the effectiveness of unsupervised home-based PR that might support and promote participation in PR for better living.Systematic review registration﻿Protocol has been registered on PROSPERO CRD42020213883.
Identification of Genetic Determinants of Pancreatic Cancer Immune Phenotypes by Integrative Genome-scale Analysis
Authors: Ling Yuhang , Xu Jiaqi , Wang Xuedong , Song Jie , Qian Qiuhui , Wang huili 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a malignant neoplasm of the digestive tract that is highly malignant and difficult to diagnose at an early stage with high postoperative mortality and low cure rates. Cancer immunotherapy is innovating the clinical treatment of several cancers, but has a limited role in PC. The incomplete understanding of immune response hinders the development of gene therapy. To fill this gap, it is very necessary to classify the immunogenic subtypes of PC to understand the relationship between tumor microenvironments and clinical pathological characteristics, DNA damage repair and tumor immune response.Methods We extracted copy number change, somatic mutation and expression data from tumor genome map (TCGA). Using RNA sequencing data, we defined three different immunophenotypes and elucidated how immune cell interactions in immune subtypes vary with the background of the immune system. Further correlation analysis between DNA damage repair (DDR) related genes expression and immune response was conducted to explore the effects of DDR expression on antitumor activity in the tumor microenvironments.Results We defined three different immunophenotypes and elucidated how immune cell interactions in immune subtypes vary with the background of the immune system. When the total number of mutations was standardized, no enrichment of new epitopes was detected in immunocompetent phenotypes. These observations suggest that mutations in Th-1 enriched IS3 tumors are essentially no more immunogenic than those in IS2 cancers. We also found that the expression patterns of key IFN mediators STAT1 and / or STAT3 were increased in tumors with DDR mutations (19 of ATM, ERCC1, Rb1, BRCA2, pole and TP53), which is a reflex activation of IFN pathway.Conclusions Three defined immune subtypes show different characteristics of immune cell infiltration, revealing different manifestations in anti-cancer immune function. That is to say, clinical biological events of differential tumors are associated to immune-phenotypes. The invasive phenotype was driven by somatic mutations across immune subtypes, and DDR defect may also influence the response of tumor immune subtypes. Our results suggested that the occurrence of pancreatic cancer is related to genetic factors of immunophenotype, providing information for clinical prognosis and outcome of pancreatic cancer.
Tunicamycin aggravates cell migration, cell invasion and cell proliferation in colonic epithelial cells
Authors: Gundamaraju Rohit , vemuri Ravichandra , Ambati Ranga Rao , Rangaswamy Lakshminarayana , Lu Wenying , eri Rajaraman 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Aim: Endoplasmic reticular stress (ERS) has been well-documented in escalating metastasis in clinical conditions. There has been a debate on its role in cancer portraying it as a double-edged sword. However, there is no evidence of increased cell migration and cell invasion under increased ERS by tunicamycin(TUN) 10μg/mL. Methods: In this study, we treated colonic epithelial cells (LS174T cells) with TUN and measured cell proliferation (by Ki67+ assay), cell migration and cell invasion at the 6th hour specifically. Results: Our results have demonstrated a positive correlation between TUN and cell migration, cell invasion, and proliferation. TUN treatment has significantly escalated cell invasion, migration and proliferation in LS174T cells. Conclusion: These preliminary results clearly suggest that TUN might promote metastasis of gastrointestinal cancers.
Attitudes Towards Chiropractic: A Repeated Cross-Sectional Survey of Canadian Family Physicians&nbsp;
Authors: Busse Jason Walter , Pallapothu Sushmitha , Vinh Brian , Lee Vivienne , Abril Lina , Canga Albana , Riva John , Viggiani Daniel , Dilauro Marc , Harvey Marie-Pierre , Pagé Isabelle , Bhela Avneet , Sandhu Serena , Makanjuola Oluwatoni , Hassan Muhammad Taaha , Moore Ainsley , Gauthier Claude , Price David 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Attitudes of Canadian family physicians towards chiropractic are uncertain. Methods: A 50-item survey administered to a ranmdom sample of Canadian family physcians in 2010, and again in 2019, that inquired about demographic variables, knowledge and use of chiropractic. Imbedded in our survey was an 80-point chiropractic attitude questionnaire (CAQ); higher scores indicated more positive attitudes toward chiropractic. Results: Among eligible physicians, 251 of 685 in 2010 (37% response rate) and 162 of 2,429 in 2019 (7% response rate) provided a completed survey. Approximately half of respondents (48%) endorsed a positive impression of chiropractic, with 27% expressing uncertainty and 25% holding negative views. Most respondents (72%) referred patients for chiropractic care, mainly due to patient request or lack of response to medical care. Most physicians believed that chiropractors provide effective therapy for some musculoskeletal complaints (84%) and disagreed that chiropractic care was beneficial for non-musculoskeletal conditions (77%). The majority agreed that chiropractic care was a useful supplement to conventional care (65%) but most respondents (59%) also indicated that practice diversity within the chiropractic profession presented a barrier to interprofessional collaboration. In our adjusted regression model, attitudes towards chiropractic showed trivial improvement from 2010 to 2019 (0.31 points on the CAQ; 95%CI 0.001 to 0.62). More negative attitudes were associated with older age (-1.55 points for each 10-year increment from age 28; 95%CI -2.67 to -0.44), belief that adverse events are common with chiropractic care (-1.41 points; 95% CI -2.59 to -0.23) and reported use of the research literature (-6.04 points; 95% CI -8.47 to -3.61) or medical school (-5.03 points; 95% CI = -7.89 to -2.18) as a source of knowledge on chiropractic. More positive attitudes were associated with endorsing a relationship with a specific chiropractor (5.24 points; 95% CI 2.85 to 7.64), family and friends (4.06 points; 95% CI 1.53 to 6.60), or personal treatment experience (4.63 points; 95% CI 2.14 to 7.11) as sources of information regarding chiropractic.Conclusions: Although generally positive, Canadian family physicians’ attitudes towards chiropractic are diverse, and most physicians acknowledge that practice diversity within the chiropractic profession presents a barrier to interprofessional collaboration.
Identification of Climatic and Soil Biocenotic Factors Influencing the Height Growth of Lapland Pine in North European Russia
Authors: Popova Elena , Koukhta Anna E. , Popov Igor O. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Lapland pine (Pinus sylvestris ssp. lapponica Fr. ex Hartm) is the geographical and climatic ecotype and subspecies of Scots pine. It is widespread in the north of Eurasia. Height growth is interconnected with both climatic parameters and the state of the habitat of pine trees. Methods: Long-term data on height growth indices of Lapland pine (var. nana Pallas (1784)), growing in various humid biogeocenoses of three specially protected natural territories of the North European part of Russia were studied. Also sixteen basic climatic parameters averaged over the growth period of the examined trees were calculated for these regions. The comparison of the values of both different climatic parameters and the height growth of pine stands of various biogeocenoses was made by the method of cluster analysis. Results: It was established that climatic parameters such as the mean daily average temperature in January and the amount of precipitation in the spring and early summer periods had a primary influence on the cluster similarity of the height growth of Lapland pine in the North European Russia. The proximity of soil and biocenotic conditions also influenced the similarity of height growth indices of Lapland pine, but had a lower rank within the two main clusters, distinguished by climatic values. Conclusion: Our studies showed that it is possible to identify the rank influence of the most significant climatic factors and soil-biocenotic conditions on the height growth of the geographical ecotype Lapland pine subspecies with the cluster analysis.
Design and Optimization of Strength type Negative Pressure Suction Force Pluck Port based on Tesla Valve
Authors: Niu Zijie , Shengming XU , jiangang JIANG , Jun ZHANG 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
An apple pluck port based on negative pressure suction force can realize contactless apple plucking and also reduce possible damage to the apple. Accordingly, in this study, a strength type pneumatic pluck port was designed on the basis of a Tesla valve. First, a low air pressure block for mechanization of the Tesla valve structure at the intersection between the main and curved air passageway was theoretically modelled and analyzed. Then, the air pressure and the flow speed distribution were analyzed for three different types of structure parameters under various distances of the Tesla pluck port from the apple; on the basis of a fluent simulation, the maximum pressure difference at both sides of the apple was also simulated. Finally, the structure parameters under an optimal negative pressure field according to the simulation analysis were proposed, and a manufactured experimental test was conducted to compare the results with the simulation. The simulation and experimental data prove that when the included angle between the main and curved air passageway of the Tesla pluck port is lower than 45°, the low air pressure block at the intersection between the main and curved air passageway of the Tesla valve affects the flow of the pluck port and extends the length of the low air pressure block. The Tesla pluck port guarantees a flow in the pipe when the pipe port diameter is 10–15 mm larger than the apple diameter, ensuring the negative strengthening effect of the Tesla pluck port. The experiment proves that the Tesla pluck port designed in this study exhibits a better negative pressure strengthening effect than that achieved via previously existing methods, which can strengthen the plucking effect.
Lithium Inhibits Oxidative Stress-Induced Neuronal Senescence Through miR-34a
Authors: Tufekci Kemal Ugur , Alural Begum , Tarakcioglu Emre , San Tugba , Genc Sermin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Neuronal senescence, triggered by telomere shortening, oncogene activation, DNA damage, or oxidative stress, has been associated with neurodegenerative diseases' pathogenesis. Therefore, preventing neuronal senescence could be a novel treatment strategy for neurodegenerative diseases. Lithium (Li), the first-line treatment against bipolar disorder, has been shown to have neuroprotective effects in clinical, pre-clinical, and in vitro studies. Lithium can protect cells from senescence, and its effect on neuronal senescence was investigated in our study. Furthermore, we also investigated the effects of lithium on the senescence-associated miR-34a/Sirt1/p53 pathway. In this study, hydrogen peroxide was used as an inducer for the "stress-induced premature senescence" model. In the senescence model, we have assessed Li's effects on senescence by analyzing ß-galactosidase activity, Sudan Black B, and senescence-associated heterochromatin foci (SAHF) stainings, and on cell cycle arrest by BrdU staining. Furthermore, expression levels of senescence and cell cycle arrest-related proteins (p53, p21, p16INK4a, and SIRT1) by western blotting. Finally, the effects of Li on senescence-associated miR-34a levels were measured by quantitative PCR. We show via Sudan Black B staining, β-Gal activity assay, and by detecting SAHF, Li protects against senescence in neuronal cells. Then, lithium's effect on signaling has also been determined on pathways involved in senescence and cell cycle arrest. Moreover, we have observed that Li has a modulatory effect on miR-34a expression. Therefore, we posit that Li suppresses senescence in neuronal cells and that this effect is mediated through miR-34a/Sirt1/p53 axis.