bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementing a pharmacist-led transition of care model for posttransplant hyperglycemia
Authors: Do Vincent , Haakinson Danielle , Belfort-DeAguiar Renata , Cohen Elizabeth 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Purpose
The implementation of a pharmacist-managed transition of care program for kidney transplant recipients with posttransplant hyperglycemia (PTHG) is described.

Methods
In September 2015, a collaborative practice agreement between pharmacists and transplant providers at an academic medical center for management of PTHG was developed. The goal of the pharmacist-run service was to reduce hospitalizations by providing care to patients in the acute phase of hyperglycemia while they transitioned back to their primary care provider or endocrinologist. For continuous quality improvement, preimplementation data were collected from August 2014 to August 2015 and compared to postimplementation data collected from August 2017 to August 2018. The primary endpoint was hospitalizations due to hyperglycemia within 90 days post transplantation. Secondary endpoints included emergency department (ED) visits due to hypoglycemia and the number of interventions performed, number of encounters completed, and number of ED visits or admissions for hypoglycemia. A Fisher’s exact test was used to compare categorical data, and a Student t test was used to compare continuous data. A P value of &lt;0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

Results
Forty-three patients in the preimplementation group were compared to 35 patients in the postimplementation group. There was a significant reduction in hospitalizations due to hyperglycemia in the postimplementation versus the preimplementation group (9 vs 1, P &lt; 0.05); there was a reduction in ED visits due to hyperglycemia (5 vs 0, P = 0.06). There were no ED visits or hospitalizations due to hypoglycemia in either group. Clinical transplant pharmacists performed an average of 8.3 (SD, 4.4) encounters per patient per 90 days.

Conclusion
A collaborative practice agreement was created and successfully implemented. A pharmacist-managed PTHG program could be incorporated into the standard care of kidney transplant recipients to help minimize rehospitalizations due to hyperglycemia.
Abdominoplasty in the Massive Weight Loss Patient: Are Aesthetic Goals and Safety Mutually Exclusive?
Authors: Restifo Richard J 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
The goals of abdominoplasty in massive weight loss (MWL) patients are often functional, with a greater emphasis on safety than on aesthetic rejuvenation. As important as functional improvements and safety are, however, there may be room for increasing the aesthetic potential of abdominoplasties in these patients.

Objectives
To determine the safety of the pursuit of aesthetic goals for abdominoplasty in MWL patients.

Methods
This is a retrospective study examining 910 consecutive female patients consisting of 3 groups: postpartum (n = 718), dietary MWL (n = 65), and bariatric MWL (n = 127). All patients were approached with a well-defined set of aesthetic goals which were pursued as needed and as feasible.

Results
The utilization of aesthetic abdominoplasty components was similar in all groups, supporting the assertion that the groups were subjected to a similar aesthetic emphasis. Logistic regression showed that a history of bariatric MWL was an independent risk factor for multiple complications (odds ratio 2.738, P = 0.014) and that elevated body mass index (BMI), smoking, diabetes, and age were likewise independent risk factors for complications. Propensity score-matched case-control pairs showed that bariatric MWL patients were more likely than dietary MWL patients to experience multiple complications (9.52% vs 0%, P = 0.031).

Conclusions
Bariatric MWL patients but not dietary weight loss patients seem to have a higher risk than postpartum patients. Other comorbidities (elevated BMI, smoking, diabetes, and age) seem to be more important predictors of complications than MWL status. Select MWL patients can likely be approached with an emphasis on aesthetic goals, without increasing risks as compared with the postpartum population.

Level of Evidence: 2
EMNUSS: a deep learning framework for secondary structure annotation in cryo-EM maps
Authors: He Jiahua , Huang Sheng-You 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has become one of important experimental methods in structure determination. However, despite the rapid growth in the number of deposited cryo-EM maps motivated by advances in microscopy instruments and image processing algorithms, building accurate structure models for cryo-EM maps remains a challenge. Protein secondary structure information, which can be extracted from EM maps, is beneficial for cryo-EM structure modeling. Here, we present a novel secondary structure annotation framework for cryo-EM maps at both intermediate and high resolutions, named EMNUSS. EMNUSS adopts a three-dimensional (3D) nested U-net architecture to assign secondary structures for EM maps. Tested on three diverse datasets including simulated maps, middle resolution experimental maps, and high-resolution experimental maps, EMNUSS demonstrated its accuracy and robustness in identifying the secondary structures for cyro-EM maps of various resolutions. The EMNUSS program is freely available at http://huanglab.phys.hust.edu.cn/EMNUSS.
Maximum Entropy Principle Underlies Wiring Length Distribution in Brain Networks
Authors: Song Yuru , Zhou Douglas , Li Songting 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A brain network comprises a substantial amount of short-range connections with an admixture of long-range connections. The portion of long-range connections in brain networks is observed to be quantitatively dissimilar across species. It is hypothesized that the length of connections is constrained by the spatial embedding of brain networks, yet fundamental principles that underlie the wiring length distribution remain unclear. By quantifying the structural diversity of a brain network using Shannon’s entropy, here we show that the wiring length distribution across multiple species—including Drosophila, mouse, macaque, human, and C. elegans—follows the maximum entropy principle (MAP) under the constraints of limited wiring material and the spatial locations of brain areas or neurons. In addition, by considering stochastic axonal growth, we propose a network formation process capable of reproducing wiring length distributions of the 5 species, thereby implementing MAP in a biologically plausible manner. We further develop a generative model incorporating MAP, and show that, for the 5 species, the generated network exhibits high similarity to the real network. Our work indicates that the brain connectivity evolves to be structurally diversified by maximizing entropy to support efficient interareal communication, providing a potential organizational principle of brain networks.
Stability-Indicating Chromatographic Methods for the Simultaneous Determination of Probenecid and Colchicine in Their Combined Tablet
Authors: Tantawy Mahmoud A , Wahba Israa A , Saad Samah S , Ramadan Nesrin K 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Two stability-indicating chromatographic methods have been established and validated for concurrent determination of probenecid (PRO), colchicine (COL) along with the degradation product of colchicine (COL deg). PRO and COL were exposed to a stress stability study, which includes acidic, alkaline, oxidative, photolytic and thermal degradations. Chromatographic methods included the use of thin layer chromatography (TLC-densitometry) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In the first method, separation was achieved by using aluminum TLC plates that were precoated with silica gel G.F254 as the stationary phase and ethyl acetate–methanol–33%ammonia (8:1:1, by volume) as a mobile phase. The obtained chromatograms were scanned at 254 nm. The second method was based on HPLC using a RP- C18 column with isocratic elution. Good separation was obtained through a mobile phase comprised of phosphate buffer pH 5–acetonitrile (70:30, v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min−1 and ultraviolet detection at 254 nm. Different parameters affecting efficiency of the two methods were studied accurately for optimum separation of the three cited components. The suggested methods were validated according to the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines and were applied for bulk powder and commercial tablets.
Hyperkalaemia management and related costs in chronic kidney disease patients with comorbidities in Spain
Authors: Olry de Labry Lima Antonio , Díaz Castro Óscar , Romero-Requena Jorge M , García Díaz-Guerra M de los Reyes , Arroyo Pineda Virginia , de la Hija Díaz M Belén , Ascanio Meritxell , Darbà Josep , Cruzado Josep M 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
Hyperkalaemia (HK) is a common electrolyte disorder in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and/or treated with renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors (RAASis). The aim of this study is to determine the severity, current management and cost of chronic HK.

Methods
We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients with chronic HK and CKD, heart failure or diabetes mellitus between 2011 and 2018. The study follow-up was 36 months.

Results
A total of 1499 patients with chronic HK were analysed: 66.2% presented with mild HK, 23.4% with moderate HK and 10.4% with severe HK. The severity was associated with CKD stage. Most patients (70.4%) were on RAASi therapies, which were frequently discontinued (discontinuation rate was 39.8, 49.8 and 51.8% in mild, moderate and severe HK, respectively). This RAASi discontinuation was similar with or without resin prescription. Overall, ion-exchange resins were prescribed to 42.5% of patients with HK and prescriptions were related to the severity of HK, being 90% for severe HK. Adherence to resin treatment was very low (36.8% in the first year and 17.5% in the third year) and potassium remained elevated in most patients with severe HK. The annual healthcare cost per patient with HK was €5929, reaching €12 705 in severe HK. Costs related to HK represent 31.9% of the annual cost per HK patient and 58.8% of the specialized care cost.

Conclusions
HK was usually managed by RAASi discontinuation and ion-exchange resin treatment. Most patients with HK were non-adherent to resins and those with severe HK remained with high potassium levels, despite bearing elevated healthcare expenditures.
Personality of hosts and their brood parasites
Authors: Møller Anders Pape , Si Xingfeng 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBrood parasites such as the common cuckoo Cuculus canorus exploit the parental abilities of their hosts, hosts avoid brood parasitism and predation by showing specific behavior such as loss of feathers, emission of fear screams and contact calls, displaying wriggle behavior to avoid hosts or potential prey, pecking at hosts and prey, and expressing tonic immobility (showing behavior like feigning death or rapid escape from predators and brood parasites). These aspects of escape behavior are consistent for individuals but also among sites, seasons, and years. Escape behavior expressed in response to a broad range of cuckoo hosts and prey are consistently used against capture by humans, but also hosts and brood parasites and predators and their prey. An interspecific comparative phylogenetic analysis of escape behavior by hosts and their brood parasites and prey and their predators revealed evidence of consistent behavior when encountering potential parasites or predators. We hypothesize that personality axes such as those ranging from fearfulness to being bold, and from neophobic to curiosity response in brood parasites constitute important components of defense against brood parasitism that reduces the overall risk of parasitism.
Understanding the Resilience of Sal and Teak Forests to Climate Variability Using NDVI and EVI Time Series
Authors: Patasaraiya Maneesh Kumar , Devi Rinku Moni , Sinha Bhaskar , Bisaria Jigyasa , Saran Sameer , Jaiswal Rajeev 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study attempts to understand the climatic resilience of two forest types of central India—that is, Tectona grandis (Teak) forest of Satpura Tiger Reserve and Shorea robusta (Sal) forest of Kanha Tiger Reserve—using normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), enhanced vegetation index (EVI) extracted from MODIS, and climate variable data sets at highest spatial and temporal scales. Teak and Sal forests within the core area of the selected tiger reserves represent the least anthropogenic disturbances, and therefore, the observed changes in NDVI and EVI over the past 16 years could be analyzed in the context of climate change. The correlation analysis between climatic variables (minimum temperature, maximum temperature, mean temperature, and total annual rainfall) and forest response indicators (NDVI/EVI) at seasonal and annual scales revealed that Teak and Sal forests are more sensitive to change in past temperature as compared with rainfall. Also, the changes in NDVI and EVI of Sal forest are correlated more to minimum temperature, and that of Teak forest to maximum temperature. The analysis of sapling girth class of Sal and Teak further revealed that Sal as compared with Teak is more affected because of the changing climate variables of the recent past. The findings of the study will help manage forests more efficiently in the context of changing climate.
Assessing Tree Mortality Probability in Harvested Hardwood Stands Using Long-Term Forest Inventory Data
Authors: Brandeis Thomas J , Brandeis Consuelo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Partial harvesting (here defined as removal of ≤50% of preharvest volume) is the predominant silvicultural scheme applied to hardwood forest types in the eastern United States. Future stand conditions are largely reliant on trees retained after harvest, so their mortality because of harvesting activity damage should be minimized or taken into account when planning. We quantify partially harvested stand characteristics and postharvest mortality using data from 32,057 forested conditions, 366,953 trees with a diameter at breast height (dbh) ≥ 2.5 cm, of which 4,469 trees were cut and used in partially harvested stands. On average 23.3% of stand volume was selectively harvested with an additional 2.5% of volume lost to harvesting-caused mortality. Of the trees killed by logging activity in harvested stands, 90.7% were under 28 cm dbh. The likelihood of mortality was 1.31 times higher (95% CI of 1.20 to 1.44) for trees retained in stands that had undergone partial harvesting than for trees growing in unharvested stands. Commercial species had lower odds of mortality (0.88 times) in harvested stands than noncommercial species. Residual trees in harvested stands on private lands had a higher probability of mortality (1.23 times) than those on harvested public lands.
Prediction of Freeze Damage and Minimum Winter Temperature of the Seed Source of Loblolly Pine Seedlings Using Hyperspectral Imaging
Authors: Lu Yuzhen , Walker Trevor D , Acosta Juan J , Young Sierra , Pandey Piyush , Heine Austin J , Payn Kitt G 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The most important climatic variable influencing growth and survival of loblolly pine is the yearly average minimum winter temperature (MWT) at the seed source origin, and it is used to guide the transfer of improved seed lots throughout the species’ distribution. This study presents a novel approach for the assessment of freeze-induced damage and prediction of MWT at seed source origin of loblolly pine seedlings using hyperspectral imaging. A population comprising 98 seed lots representing a wide range of MWT at seed source origin was subjected to an artificial freeze event. The visual assessment of freeze damage and MWT were evaluated at the family level and modeled with hyperspectral image data combined with chemometric techniques. Hyperspectral scanning of the seedlings was conducted prior to the freeze event and on four occasions periodically after the freeze. A significant relationship (R2 = 0.33; p &lt; .001) between freeze damage and MWT was observed. Prediction accuracies of freeze damage and MWT based on hyperspectral data varied among seedling portions (full-length, top, middle, and bottom portion of aboveground material) and scanning dates. Models based on the top portion were the most predictive of both freeze damage and MWT. The highest prediction accuracy of MWT [RPD (ratio of prediction to deviation) = 2.12, R2 = 0.78] was achieved using hyperspectral data obtained prior to the freeze event. Adoption of this assessment method would greatly facilitate the characterization and deployment of well-adapted loblolly pine families across the landscape.
Traumatic Brain Injury Impairs Systemic Vascular Function through Disruption of Inward-Rectifier Potassium Channels
Authors: Sackheim Adrian M , Villalba Nuria , Sancho Maria , Harraz Osama F , Bonev Adrian D , D’Alessandro Angelo , Nemkov Travis , Nelson Mark T , Freeman Kalev 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTrauma can lead to widespread vascular dysfunction, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Inward-rectifier potassium channels (Kir2.1) play a critical role in the dynamic regulation of regional perfusion and blood flow. Kir2.1 channel activity requires phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), a membrane phospholipid that is degraded by phospholipase A2 (PLA2) in conditions of oxidative stress or inflammation. We hypothesized that PLA2-induced depletion of PIP2 after trauma impairs Kir2.1 channel function. A fluid percussion injury model of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in rats was used to study mesenteric resistance arteries 24 h after injury. The functional responses of intact arteries were assessed using pressure myography. We analyzed circulating PLA2, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and metabolites to identify alterations in signaling pathways associated with PIP2 in TBI. Electrophysiology analysis of freshly-isolated endothelial and smooth muscle cells revealed a significant reduction of Ba2+-sensitive Kir2.1 currents after TBI. Additionally, dilations to elevated extracellular potassium and BaCl2- or ML 133-induced constrictions in pressurized arteries were significantly decreased following TBI, consistent with an impairment of Kir2.1 channel function. The addition of a PIP2 analog to the patch pipette successfully rescued endothelial Kir2.1 currents after TBI. Both H2O2 and PLA2 activity were increased after injury. Metabolomics analysis demonstrated altered lipid metabolism signaling pathways, including increased arachidonic acid, and fatty acid mobilization after TBI. Our findings support a model in which increased H2O2-induced PLA2 activity after trauma hydrolyzes endothelial PIP2, resulting in impaired Kir2.1 channel function.
Validation of functional polymorphisms affecting maize plant height by unoccupied aerial systems discovers novel temporal phenotypes
Authors: Adak Alper , Conrad Clarissa , Chen Yuanyuan , Wilde Scott C , Murray Seth C , Anderson II Steven L , Subramanian Nithya K 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Plant height (PHT) in maize (Zea mays L.) has been scrutinized genetically and phenotypically due to relationship with other agronomically valuable traits (e.g., yield). Heritable variation of PHT is determined by many discovered quantitative trait loci; however, phenotypic effects of such loci often lack validation across environments and genetic backgrounds, especially in the hybrid state grown by farmers rather than the inbred state more often used by geneticists. A previous genome-wide association study using a topcrossed hybrid diversity panel identified two novel quantitative trait variants controlling both PHT and grain yield. Here, heterogeneous inbred families demonstrated that these two loci, characterized by two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), cause phenotypic variation in inbred lines, but that size of these effects were variable across four different genetic backgrounds, ranging from 1 to 10 cm. Weekly unoccupied aerial system flights demonstrated the two SNPs had larger effects, varying from 10 to 25 cm, in early growth while effects decreased toward the end of the season. These results show that allelic effect sizes of economically valuable loci are both dynamic in temporal growth and dynamic across genetic backgrounds, resulting in informative phenotypic variability overlooked following traditional phenotyping methods. Public genotyping data show recent favorable allele selection in elite temperate germplasm with little change across tropical backgrounds. As these loci remain rarer in tropical germplasm, with effects most visible early in growth, they are useful for breeding and selection to expand the genetic basis of maize.
Cross-Sectional and Prospective Associations of Rest–Activity Rhythms With Circulating Inflammatory Markers in Older Men
Authors: Xiao Qian , Qian Jingyi , Evans Daniel S , Redline Susan , Lane Nancy E , Ancoli-Israel Sonia , Scheer Frank A J L , Stone Katie 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Chronic increases in pro-inflammatory cytokines in older adults, known as inflammaging, are an important risk factor for morbidity and mortality in the aging population. It has been suggested that circadian disruption may play a role in chronic inflammation, but there has been limited study that investigated the overall profile of 24-hour rest–activity rhythms in relation to inflammation using longitudinal data. In the Outcomes of Sleep Disorders in Older Men Study, we applied the extended cosine model to derive multiple rest–activity rhythm characteristics using multiday actigraphy, and examined their associations with 6 inflammatory markers (ie, C-reactive protein [CRP], interleukin 6 [IL-6], tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α], tumor necrosis factor alpha soluble receptor II [TNF-α-sRII], interleukin-1β [IL-1β], interferon gamma [IFN-γ]) measured from fasting blood. We assessed both the cross-sectional association between rest–activity rhythms and inflammatory markers measured at baseline, and the prospective association between baseline rest–activity rhythms and changes in inflammatory markers over 3.5 years of follow-up. We found that multiple rest–activity characteristics, including lower amplitude and relative amplitude, and decreased overall rhythmicity, were associated with higher levels of CRP, IL-6, TNF-α, and TNF-α-sRII, but not IL-1β and IFN-γ at baseline. Moreover, the lowest quartile of these 3 rest–activity characteristics was associated with an approximately 2-fold increase in the odds of having elevated inflammation (ie, having 3 or more markers in the highest quartile) at baseline. However, we found little evidence supporting a relationship between rest–activity rhythm characteristics and changes in inflammatory markers. Future studies should clarify the dynamic relationship between rest–activity rhythms and inflammation in different populations, and evaluate the effects of improving rest–activity profiles on inflammation and related disease outcomes.