bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurocognitive outcomes of HIV-associated tuberculous meningitis
Authors: Quinn Carson M , Kasibante John , Namudde Alice , Bangdiwala Ananta S , Kabahubya Mable , Nakasujja Noeline , Lofgren Sarah , Elliott Alison , Boulware David R , Meya David B , Cresswell Fiona V 
Published: August 2021

Background: The toll of tuberculous meningitis (TBM) in both mortality and disability is considerable, but advancements in rehabilitation have the potential to improve the functional abilities and the quality of survivors’ lives. However, the typical phenotype of neurocognitive impairment in TBM survivors remains unstudied in HIV-predominant populations in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods: We tested 36 survivors of TBM in Uganda with a comprehensive battery of neurocognitive assessments at 8 and 24 weeks after diagnosis, and compared results to a representative cohort of HIV-uninfected Ugandans. Results: While participants had a broad range of impairments at eight weeks, there was marked improvement by 24 weeks, when a phenotype of impairment including deficits in motor functioning, verbal learning and memory, processing speed, and executive function emerged. These deficits were present despite good clinician-rated functional status. The majority (23/27, 85%) had evidence of moderate to severe depression at week 8, and at week 24 (18/24, 75%). Conclusion: These findings highlight the need for more comprehensive neurocognitive assessment in the survivors of TBM, and further investment in and study of rehabilitation, including management of depression, to improve long-term outcomes in this population.
Principal Trading Arrangements: When Are Common Contracts Optimal?
Authors: Baldauf Markus , Frei Christoph , Mollner Joshua 
Published: August 2021

Many financial arrangements reference market prices that are yet to be realized at the time of contracting and consequently susceptible to manipulation. Two of the most common such arrangements are as follows: (i) guaranteed volume-weighted average price (VWAP) contracts, which reference the VWAP prevailing over an execution window, and (ii) market-on-close contracts, which reference the price prevailing at the window’s end. To study such situations, we introduce a stylized model of financial contracting between a client, who wishes to trade a large position, and the client’s dealer. We provide conditions under which guaranteed VWAP contracts are optimal in this principal-agent problem. In contrast, market-on-close contracts generally cannot be optimal. These results explain the use of guaranteed VWAP contracts in practice, question the use of market-on-close contracts, and suggest considerations for the design of financial benchmarks. This paper was accepted by Haoxiang Zhu, finance.
Bacterial bioburden of wounds: influence of debridement and negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT)
Authors: Moog Philipp , Jensch Maryna , Betzl Julia , Bauer Anna-Theresa , Cerny Michael K , Schmauss Daniel , Kükrek Haydar , Erne Holger , Machens Hans-Günther , Megerle Kai 
Published: August 2021

Objective:To clarify the role of microbiological swabs in surgical decision-making, we investigated the effect of negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT) and serial surgical debridement on bacterial bioburden in hard-to-heal wounds and ultimately correlated them with the success of surgical closure.Method:All patients were treated with surgical debridement, jet lavage and NPWT before their wounds were finally closed. The treatment effect was assessed by correlating microbiological swabs obtained immediately after intervention with those obtained after removal of the dressings during the following surgical procedures. The result of the last microbiological swab taken before definitive surgical closure was correlated with the requirement for revision surgery.Results:We included the results of 704 microbiological swabs from 97 patients in 110 wound localisations in this monocentric, retrospective study. NPWT did not improve bacterial bioburden in 77% of cases and the duration of NPWT did not affect the result. Furthermore, no significant effect of NPWT could be found for either anaerobic (p=0.96) or aerobic bacteria (p=0.43). In contrast, surgical debridement increased bacterial load in approximately 60% of cases. If sterile wound swabs could be obtained at all, it was during the first four surgical debridements in 60% of patients; after that only 10% became sterile.Conclusions:Sterile microbiological wound swabs before surgical closure were associated with lower rates of revision surgery, while low or medium bacterial loads did not increase revision rates.
Peripheral arterial disease in patients with renal-diabetic foot ulcers
Authors: Meloni Marco , Izzo Valentina , Giurato Laura , Da Ros Valerio , Morosetti Daniele , Ferrannini Michele , Brocco Enrico , Gandini Roberto , Uccioli Luigi 
Published: August 2021

Objective: To describe the angiographic characteristics of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in persons with diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) on dialysis treatment. Method: The study is a retrospective analysis of patients with DFUs and PAD who had been referred to our diabetic foot clinic. All patients had been managed by a pre-set limb salvage protocol including revascularisation of the affected limb. Arterial lesions (stenosis between 50–99% and occlusions) were retrospectively evaluated through angiogram analysis. According to the presence or not of dialysis, patients were divided into two patient groups: renal-diabetic foot (RDF) and diabetic foot (DF). Distribution of PAD and immediate revascularisation outcome (technical revascularisation outcome) for RDF and DF were separately reported and compared. Results: The sample included 239 patients: mean age was 71.8 years; 72.4% were male; 87.4% had type 2 diabetes; mean diabetes duration was 21.4 years; and the mean HbA1c was 63±22mmol/mol. The RDF group compared with the DF group reported higher numbers of vessels affected (n=5±1.6 versus 3.9±1.5, respectively, p<0.0001), greater involvement of the superficial femoral artery (90.2% versus 75.8%, respectively, p=0.003), the tibial-peroneal trunk (53.7% versus 25.5%, respectively, p=0.01), the anterior tibial artery (93.9% versus 80.9%, respectively, p=0.03) and below-the-ankle (BTA) arteries (70.7% versus 35.7%, respectively, p=0.0001). The RDF group showed a higher rate of revascularisation failure in comparison to DF patients (43.9% versus 15.3%, respectively, p<0.0001). BTA arterial disease (odds ratio 9.5; 95% Confidence Interval: 3.5–25.4; p=0.0001) resulted as the only independent predictor of revascularisation failure. Conclusion: In this study, RDF patients showed a widespread distribution of arterial lesions with a higher involvement of foot arteries in comparison with DF patients. BTA arterial disease was found to be an independent predictor of revascularisation failure.
Optimized Golay-9 array configurations for mid-frequency compensation in optical sparse aperture systems
Authors: Hui Mei , Zhang Huiyan , Wu Yong , Li Xinji , Liu Ming , Dong Liquan , Kong Lingqin , Zhao Yuejin 
Published: August 2021

Optical sparse aperture (OSA) imaging systems show great potential to generate higher resolution images than those of equivalent single filled aperture systems. However, due to the sparsity and dispersion of sparse aperture arrays, pupil function is no longer a connected domain, which further attenuates or loses the mid-frequency modulation transfer function (MTF), resulting in lower mid-frequency contrast and blurred images. Therefore, an improved traversal algorithm is proposed to optimize Golay-9 array configurations for compensating the mid-frequency MTF. Its structural parameters include diameters of sub-apertures, relative rotation angles between individual sub-apertures, and radius of concentric circles. Then, these parameters are traversed successively in order. Finally, the influences of the obtained optimized array configurations on the mid-frequency MTF are analyzed in detail, and the image performances are evaluated. The experimental results prove the contrast enhancement. Compared with a Golay-9 array at

F

=

36.5

%

, the maximum MTF increases from 0.1503 to 0.307, and the mid-frequency MTF is boosted from 0.0565 to 0.0767. In addition, the peak signal to noise ratio of the degraded image is promoted from 19.75 dB to 20.63 dB. Both quantitative and qualitative evaluations demonstrate the validity of the proposed method.
Method of reaching a resolution-controllable micro-angle measurement by using a Michelson interferometer
Authors: She Cong , Xu Li , Shan Xiang-Dong , Zhu Hao , Zhou Yuan , Wang Qing-Lan 
Published: August 2021

A novel, to the best of our knowledge, method is proposed in this study to permit the controllable resolution of a micro-angle measurement by using a Michelson interferometer. The resolution of the proposed system can be adjusted by changing the distances between a pair of parallel mirrors. Through experiments, it was observed that as the distance was changed from 0 to 6 mm, the corresponding resolution was significantly altered from 22.88 to 14.02 µrad. Compared with other small angle measurement methods, the proposed method can realize the conversion of multiple measurement resolutions more easily and conveniently.
Effects of alcohol on skeletal muscle contractile performance in male and female mice
Authors: Laudato Joseph A. , Tice Abigail L. , Call Jarrod A. , Gordon Bradley S. , Steiner Jennifer L. 
Published: August 2021

Background
Acute and chronic alcohol use can cause skeletal muscle myopathy in concert with impairments in skeletal muscle strength, function and fatigue resistance. However, the fundamental contractile deficits induced in the presence of alcohol versus those observed in the recovery period following the clearance of alcohol have not yet been characterized nor is it known whether sex influences these outcomes.

Methods
Male and female mice received an intraperitoneal injection of either saline (Control) or ethanol (EtOH; 5g/kg body weight). Muscle force, fatigue, fatigue recovery and twitch characteristics of the posterior crural muscle complex were measured in situ 1 hour and 24 hours post alcohol.

Results
In the presence of alcohol (1-hour post treatment) absolute and normalized force generated at 80–150 Hertz was decreased in male and female mice with concurrent reductions in the rate of force development and increases in ½ relaxation time. When expressed as a percentage of maximum force, both males and females also displayed an alcohol-induced leftward shift in the force frequency curve indicative of a type I contractile phenotype. Alcohol enhanced fatigue in both males and females but had no effect on force recovery. Following clearance of alcohol (24-hour post treatment), contractile function was completely restored in females while alcohol treated males experienced sustained reductions in absolute force and had enhanced fatigue compared with male controls.

Conclusions
In the presence of alcohol, both males and females exhibited significant declines in muscle force production and enhanced fatigue; however, following complete clearance of the alcohol, females recovered all functional parameters, while males did not.
Hepatitis C continuum of care: Experience of integrative hepatitis C treatment within a human immunodeficiency virus clinic in Indonesia
Authors: Yunihastuti Evy , Hariyanto Rahmat , Sulaiman Andri Sanityoso , Harimurti Kuntjoro 
Published: August 2021

IntroductionDirect-acting antiviral drugs (DAAs) have changed the paradigm of hepatitis C therapy for both HCV/HIV co-infected and HCV mono-infected patients. We aimed to describe the HCV continuum of care of HIV-infected patients treated in an HIV clinic after a free DAA program in Indonesia and identify factors correlated with sofosbuvir-daclatasvir (SOF-DCV) treatment failure.MethodsWe did a retrospective cohort study of adult HIV/HCV co-infected patients under routine HIV-care from November 2019 to April 2020 in the HIV integrated clinic of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia. We evaluated some factors correlated with sofosbuvir-daclatasvir treatment failure: gender, diabetes mellitus, previous IFN failure, cirrhosis, concomitant ribavirin use, high baseline HCV-RNA, and low CD4 cell count.Results and discussionOverall, 640 anti-HCV positive patients were included in the study. Most of them were male (88.3%) and former intravenous drug users (76.6%) with a mean age of 40.95 (SD 4.60) years old. Numbers and percentages for the stages of the HCV continuum of care were as follows: HCV-RNA tested (411; 64.2%), pre-therapeutic evaluation done (271; 42.3%), HCV treatment initiated (210; 32.8%), HCV treatment completed (207; 32.2%), but only 178 of these patients had follow-up HCV-RNA tests to allow SVR assessment; and finally SVR12 achieved (178; 27.8%). For the 184 who completed SOF-DCV treatment, SVR12 was achieved by 95.7%. In multivariate analysis, diabetes mellitus remained a significant factor correlated with SOF-DCV treatment failure (adjusted RR 17.0, 95%CI: 3.28–88.23, p = 0.001).ConclusionsThis study found that in the HCV continuum of care for HIV/HCV co-infected patients, gaps still exist at all stages. As the most commonly used DAA combination, sofosbuvir daclatasvir treatment proved to be effective and well-tolerated in HIV/HCV co-infected patients. Diabetes mellitus was significant factor correlated with not achieving SVR12 in this population.
Hare in Folklore and Religious Mystical Views of the Bashkirs
Authors: Ilimbetova A.F. 
Published: August 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of the remnants of the cult of the hare among the Bashkirs, which was one of the revered animals in their ancient religious and mystical views. In oral stories, the Bashkir hare is endowed with human qualities — it has feelings, the gift of thinking and speech. In the fairy tale and children's play folklore, traces of the belief of the ancestors of the Bashkirs in the mutual transformation of a person and a hare into each other appear. In the tribal ethnonymy of the Bashkirs, motives have been preserved about the origin of certain groups of people from a hare, totem and totemic ancestor. In oral poetry, customs and rituals of the Bashkir hare acts as a totemic ancestor, patron saint of family and marriage relations, women in labor and children. In the folk calendar and signs of the Bashkir, the hare symbolizes fertility and fertility. In the mythological tradition, the Bashkir hare acts as a benefactor of heroes — it creates favorable conditions for them, brings wealth, and protects their lives. In religious and magical practice, the Bashkir hare appears as a healer of people. The protective functions of a hare are revealed in attributing protective properties to images of a hare and in the practice of sewing hare ears and tails on children's hats, as amulets against evil spirits and the evil eye.
In the oral works of the Bashkirs there are remnants of ancient cosmogonic myths about the participation of a hare — a totemic ancestor in the creation of the earth and keeping it in the Universe.
Creating Equitable Opportunities: The Thoughts of Two Administrator Rhetoricians
Authors: Wilson Kirt H. , Ono Kent A. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this article, the authors draw on their personal experiences as mid-career administrators and scholars of color to consider both the structures that limit, and opportunities for equity and social justice in, academic institutions. Although the primary logics that shape academic institutions serve to marginalize certain types of scholars and scholarship, they argue that institutions also contain gaps and contradictions where resistance is possible and from which alternative structures can be built. They identify and define three critical practices—storytelling, structural transformation, and allyship—that administrators can use to create a more equitable academy. The authors discuss why they believe it is important to invest in administrative and professional association service, where they have witnessed the gaps that make transformation possible, and how they have implemented critical administrative praxes.
Radical Rhetoric: Toward a Telos of Solidarity
Authors: Aswad Noor Ghazal 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTransnational rhetorical scholarship has yet to enact meaningful solidarity with the subaltern. “Inclusionary” efforts have actively excluded what I term the “radical subject,” the subject revolting against repressive hegemonic forces to achieve liberatory change in society. Without privileging the radical subject and a critique of freedom over a critique of domination, hegemonic narratives continue uninterrupted. This paper turns toward the Syrian revolution to illustrate how critical rhetoric does not stretch far enough for the radical subject. I propose a radical rhetorical paradigm that centers the radical subject’s lived knowledge as determining meaning. This approach realizes the wisdom in relinquishing skepticism during the critical reasoning process by placing the radical subject as the starting point in inquiry in contested spaces where negotiation over meaning is ongoing. It acknowledges the radical subject’s testimony as born of the epistemic relevance of social location and the boundedness of knowledge. The radical rhetorical approach consecrates the epistemologies of the radical subject as inculcating the imperative for action on behalf of the oppressed.
Situated Listening: Toward a More Just Rhetorical Criticism
Authors: Scott Sarah Mayberry , Edgar Amanda Nell 
Published: August 2021

AbstractUsing the murder of Magdiel Sanchez as a case study, we argue that rhetoric’s future must embrace practices of situated listening. While much of the field’s work has focused on speakers and practices of invention, we argue that a more just study of public deliberation must position this approach in conversation with an acknowledgment of situated reception. We follow scholars of color, feminist theorists, and disability advocates who have long argued for the practices of ethical listening, adding that the imperative to listen extends beyond the listening ear, accounting for the totality of the body and its environmental and contextual positions. By reaching beyond the demands of race to consider the intersecting axis of (dis)ability, we push the fields of rhetoric, sound studies, and critical/cultural communication studies to consider embodiment as a whole condition of rhetorical reception.
Commemorative (Dis)Placement: On the Limits of Textual Adaptability and the Future of Public Memory Scholarship
Authors: Maldonado Chandra Ann 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAs Kirt Wilson recently noted, contemporary memory and commemorative scholarship can sometimes be too narrowly focused on the centrality of material visual display to a historical narrative’s persuasive power or institutional ideological structures, a tendency that ultimately valorizes and reinforces dominant narratives. In the face of that practice, I ask: How can we understand the extent to which institutionalized histories reinforce and stabilize hegemonic ideals of systems and structures while (dis)placing others? There are several potential answers to this question; the one I want to focus on here has to do with methodological choices. More specifically, I argue for an expansion of the focus of memory and commemorative scholarship to incorporate nondominant historical narratives. This can be achieved by using a methodological approach rooted in circulation theory as a corrective to a long-term focus on dominant (hegemonic) texts. Such an approach allows for memory and commemorative scholarship to employ multiple discourses and practices embedded in commemoration by critically engaging the ways in which hegemonic narratives and identities emerge and are enacted beyond what are traditionally understood to be the “material” structures of public memory.
Decolonizing Regions
Authors: Davis Patricia , Inabinet Brandon , Moss Christina L. , Walcott Carolyn B. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The case of Southern regionalism shows both the problems with current treatments of regionalism—illustrative of the problem of colonialist perspectives more generally—and the path forward. That path forward involves rethinking whose ancestors count as members of a place, the issue of whose voices are centered, memory and trauma, and counterpublics. The authors advise (1) embracing the field’s interest in local identities and identity movements—therefore, interrogating rhetoric as symbol systems carried in intergenerational, relational identity; (2) pushing further against colonialism, as the world is more layered by global systems of trauma and memory; and (3) admitting that nation-building rhetoric is an imperfect paradigm compared to resistive counterpublic discourse.
Von 100 auf 0 oder doch nicht?!
Authors: Harling Bettina 
Published: August 2021

Zusammenfassung
Das Jubiläumsjahr der Stadtbibliothek Mannheim verlief durch Corona ganz anders als geplant. Der Lockdown war eine große Herausforderung, brachte aber keinen Stillstand, sondern führte zu vielen neuen Angeboten und Kompetenzen bei den Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeitern. Immer mit dem Ziel, flexibel auf die aktuelle Situation und die Bedürfnisse der Menschen zu reagieren.
It’s the End of the World as We Know It (And I Feel Fine)
Authors: Flieger Elisabeth 
Published: August 2021

Zusammenfassung
Die Corona-Pandemie hat die digitale Transformation der ZBW beschleunigt. Von einem bereits hohen Niveau ausgehend, war die ZBW mit Beginn des Lockdowns kurzfristig in der Lage, Erwartungen von Nutzer*innen, Beschäftigten und Kooperationspartner*innen ohne große Reibungsverluste nachzukommen. Die Blitzdigitalisierung veränderte die interne und externe Kommunikation, flexibilisierte Geschäftsabläufe und das Personalmanagement. Der Zugriff auf die digitalen Services stieg an.
Introduction. La technê et la connaissance des causes : Aristote et le modèle de la médecine
Authors: Viano Cristina 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The theme of the specificity of medical causes in the Greco-Roman world is part of a wider research project on the notion of causality, the starting point of which is Aristotle and his seminal theorisation of the four causes. It therefore seemed useful to introduce this collection with a synthetic presentation of the Aristotelian conception of medicine, which is characterised by the knowledge of causes and represents a paradigm for the other arts and practical knowledge.
Aux limites de l’explication : le rôle de la sympathie chez Galien
Authors: Devinant Julien 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper aims to assess the epistemological value of the notion of sympathy in Galen’s thought. It first shows that Galen makes use of two different concepts of sympathy: the ambient concept, according to which the human body manifests a harmonious part-whole relationship, and the technical concept, with which one connects two pathologies on the basis of the fact that the cause of the ailment is elsewhere than where it surfaces. Neither of these sympathies constitutes in itself a causal explanation of reality. The first merely acknowledges an obvious interrelationship, the second acts as an epistemic tool to shift the focus of diagnosis away from the place where the condition manifests itself. However, the two concepts are not absolutely unrelated; and they come together when the sympathetic paradigm is used to understand the unifying action of the psychic and natural faculties. Very significantly, Galen then provisionally defines the cause as a power or faculty (δύναμις) not out of theoretical necessity but for practical reasons.