bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics and outcomes of elderly patients undergoing carotid stenting: Experience of a high‐volume interventional cardiology center
Authors: Varbella Ferdinando , Cerrato Enrico , Rolfo Cristina , Quadri Giorgio , Franzè Alfonso , Ferrari Fabio , Mariani Fabio , Giacobbe Federico , Lo Savio Luca , Giay Pron Paolo , Amarù Salvatore , Tomassini Francesco 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundCarotid artery stenting (CAS) is an attractive option in order to treat carotid artery stenosis. However, its safety in elderly patients is questioned. Aim of this single‐center retrospective study was to assess data of elderly patients undergoing CAS, and to compare them with those of the younger (< 75 years).MethodsWe collected data of 580 consecutive patients undergoing CAS between December 2007 and June 2020 and compared clinical and procedural characteristics as well as in‐hospital major adverse events (MACCE) and long‐term mortality between patients < 75 years and patients ≥ 75 years old.ResultsThere were 272 patients (46.9%) with age ≥ 75 years and 308 patients (53.1%) with age < 75 years. The median follow‐up was 48 months (range 2–144). There was no significant difference about in‐hospital MACCE between the two groups (4.7% in the older vs. 3.5% in the younger group, p = 0.9), but a higher rate of cerebral hemorrhage occurred in the older group (1.8% vs. = 0.3%, p = 0.07), even if not significant. Long‐term mortality was significantly higher in the older group (27.9 vs. 20.1%, p = 0.027). Multivariate predictors of 12‐months mortality were neurologic symptoms within 6 months (OR: 4.83; 95% CI: 2.04–11.42; p ≤ 0.001), smoking status (OR: 2.84; 95% CI: 1.17–6.86; p = 0.02) and age ≥ 75 years (OR: 2.78; 95% CI: 1.14–6.76; p = 0.024).ConclusionsIn elderly patients, CAS can be carried out efficaciously with acceptable procedural risks, if performed by expert operators and after a correct selection by a multidisciplinary team.
Acetylation Rather than H50Q Mutation Impacts the Kinetics of Cu(II) Binding to α‐Synuclein
Authors: Teng Xiangyu , Sheveleva Alena , Tuna Floriana , Willison Keith R. , Ying Liming 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by the group of Liming Ying at Imperial College London. The image shows that N‐terminal acetylation of α‐synuclein shifts the binding from the N‐terminus to His50 and significantly slows down the binding reaction. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/cphc.202100651.
Efficient One‐Pot Preparation of Thermoresponsive Polyurethanes with Lower Critical Solution Temperatures
Authors: Maiti Binoy , Nandi Mridula , Bonardd Sebastián , Franco Lourdes , Puiggalí Jordi , Enshaei Hamidreza , Alemán Carlos , Díaz Díaz David 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis work reports a simple and scalable strategy to prepare a series of thermoresponsive polyurethanes synthesized via copolymerization of dicyclohexyl diisocyanate with glycerol ethoxylate in a single one‐pot system. These polyurethanes exhibit lower critical solution temperatures (LCST) at 57 °C. The LCST of synthesized polyurethane was determined from Dynamic Scanning Calorimetry and UV‐vis measurements. Both the LCST and Tg of synthesized polyurethane was tuned by varying the ratio between hard segment (dicyclohexyl diisocyanate) and soft segment (glycerol ethoxylate). Thus, Tg values could be tuned from −54.6 °C to −19.9 °C for samples with different flexibility. The swelling and deswelling studies were done at room temperature and above the LCST respectively. The results showed that the swelling ratio increases with the increase of soft segment (glycerol ethoxylate) in synthesized polyurethanes. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of the membrane were studied by universal tensile testing measurements. Specifically, stress at break values varied from 0.35±0.07 MPa to 0.91±0.15 MPa for the tested membranes, whereas elongation at break data ranged from 101.9±20.9 % to 192.4±24.4 %, and Young's modulus varied from 0.35±0.03 MPa to 1.85±0.19 MPa. Tensile strength of the films increased with the increase of the hard segment and elongation at break decreased.
Isolable Stannenolates Enable the Synthesis of Visible‐Light Photoinitiators
Authors: Maier Janine , Müller Stefanie M. , Torvisco Ana , Glotz Gabriel , Fischer Roland C. , Griesser Thomas , Kelterer Anne‐Marie , Haas Michael 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIsolable stannenolates LKSn[(CO)R]3 (R=2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl (1 a, b), L=DME for (1 a) or 18‐crown‐6 for (1 b)), a new building block for the synthesis of effective Sn‐based photoinitiators, were synthesized. The formation of these derivatives was confirmed by NMR spectroscopy, UV/Vis spectroscopy as well as X‐ray crystallographic analysis. Compound 1 a is employed as a synthon in main group chemistry through reactions with two different types of electrophiles (acid chlorides and alkyl halides). All investigated electrophiles react via the salt metathesis reaction and gave rise to novel acylstannanes in good to excellent yields. The applicability as visible light photoinitiators is demonstrated by photobleaching (UV/Vis absorption spectroscopic studies) as well as through application in photo‐DSC studies.
Cathode Active Material Recycling from Spent Lithium Batteries: A Green (Circular) Approach Based on Deep Eutectic Solvents
Authors: Morina Riccardo , Callegari Daniele , Merli Daniele , Alberti Giancarla , Mustarelli Piercarlo , Quartarone Eliana 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe transition to a circular economy vision must handle the increasing request of metals required to satisfy the battery industry; this can be obtained by recycling and feeding back secondary raw materials recovered through proper waste management. Here, a novel and green proof‐of‐concept was developed, based on deep eutectic solvents (DESs) to fully and easily recover valuable metals from various cathode active materials, including LiMn2O4, LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4, and LiNi0.8Co0.2O2. DES composed of choline chloride and lactic acid could leach Li, Mn, Co, and Ni, achieving efficiency of 100 % under much milder conditions with respect to the previous literature. For the first time, to our best knowledge, a two‐step approach was reported in the case of LiNi0.8Co0.2O2 for selective recovery of Li, Co, and Ni with high yield and purity. Furthermore, other cathode components, namely aluminum current collector and binder, were found to be not dissolved by the proposed DES, thus making a simple separation from the active material possible. Finally, this strategy was designed to easily regenerate and reuse the leaching solvents for more than one extraction, thus further boosting process sustainability.
Endoscopic diagnosis and screening of Barrett's esophagus: Inconsistency of diagnostic criteria between Japan and Western countries
Authors: Ishimura Norihisa , Okimoto Eiko , Shibagaki Kotaro , Ishihara Shunji 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBarrett's esophagus (BE) is an endoscopically identifiable premalignant condition for esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). To diagnose BE precisely, careful inspection of the anatomic landmarks, including the esophagogastric junction and the squamocolumnar junction is important. The distal end of the palisade vessels and the proximal end of the gastric folds are used as the landmark of the esophagogastric junction in endoscopic diagnosis, with the latter solely used internationally, except in some Asian countries, including Japan. In addition, the diagnostic criteria adopted internationally for BE are inconsistent, particularly between Japan and Western countries. Recently updated guidelines in Western countries have included length criteria, with a 1‐cm threshold of columnar epithelium by endoscopic observation and/or histologic confirmation of the presence of specialized intestinal metaplasia. Since BE is endoscopically diagnosed at any length without histologic assessment in Japan, the reported prevalence of short‐segment BE is very high in Japan compared with that in Western countries. Although guidelines on screening exist for BE, the current strategies based on the presence of chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease with multiple risk factors may miss the opportunity for early detection of EAC. Indeed, up to 40% of patients with EAC have no history of chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease. To discuss BE on the same footing worldwide, standardization of diagnostic criteria, screening indication, and establishment of effective techniques for detecting dysplastic lesions are eagerly awaited. Japanese guidelines for BE should be revised regarding the length criteria, including the minimum length and long‐segment BE, in line with the recently updated Western guidelines.
Synthesis, Structure, and Thermoelastic Properties of LiSn2Br3(CN2) and Sn4Br2(CN2)3
Authors: Löber Manuel , Ströbele Markus , Romao Carl P. , Meyer Hans‐Jürgen 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTin carbodiimides have been reported with various compositions, prepared via solid‐state metathesis reactions by heating tin halides and lithium carbodiimide at moderate temperatures. The formations of two new compounds, LiSn2Br3(CN2) and Sn4Br2(CN2)3 are monitored by differential thermal analysis (DTA), and crystal structures are reported as refined on basis of X‐ray diffraction studies. The structure of LiSn2Br3(CN2) can be described by two interpenetrating frameworks of corner‐linked coordination polyhedra, raising the possibility of negative thermal expansion (NTE) as investigated by density functional perturbation theory (DFPT). Like some previously reported tin carbodiimide compounds, LiSn2Br3(CN2) was also found to be a semiconductor with an indirect band gap of 2.5 eV, as determined by DFT calculations.
Dimensionality reduction of the 3D inverted pendulum cylindrical oscillator and applications on sustainable seismic design of bridges
Authors: Vassiliou Michalis F. , Sieber Max 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe simplest 3D extension of Housner's planar rocking model is a rocking (wobbling) cylinder allowed to uplift and roll on its circumference, but constrained not to roll out of its initial position. The model is useful for the description of bridges that use rocking as a seismic isolation technique, in an effort to save material by reducing the design moment and the size of the foundations. This paper shows that describing wobbling motion in terms of displacements rather than rotations is more useful. It unveils that a remarkable property of planar rocking bodies extends to 3D motion: A small and a large wobbling cylinder of the same slenderness will sustain roughly equal top displacement, as long as they are not close to overturning. This allows for using the response of an infinitely large wobbling cylinder of slenderness α as a proxy to compute the response of all cylinders having the same slenderness, irrespectively of their size. Thus, the dimensionality of the problem is reduced by one. Moreover, this paper shows that the median wobbling response to sets of ground motions can be described as an approximate function of only two non‐dimensional parameters, namely or where u is the top displacement of the wobbling body.
Unbiased rank selection for automatic hysteretic response extraction of RC frame buildings using acceleration recordings for post‐earthquake safety evaluations
Authors: Yeow Trevor Zhiqing , Kusunoki Koichi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA framework to extract a building's hysteretic response based on decomposing floor acceleration recordings into different ranks (i.e., decomposition levels) using the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and then reconstructing signals considering only ranks which corresponded to the building's predominant response mode was recently proposed. However, current rank selection approaches require subjective judgment. This study looks to develop an unbiased rank selection method to enable automation of the hysteresis extraction framework for easier adoption in practice. The selection methodology was developed using response history analysis of several multistory reinforced concrete (RC) frame buildings and validated using data from large‐scale shake‐table tests performed at the E‐Defense testing facility. It was observed that the proposed approach was able to accurately capture the response of RC frame buildings well in majority of cases. The exception to this was for significantly damaged buildings as the use of double integration of accelerations to estimate displacements and the DWT method meant that residual deformations were not well captured. However, significant strength degradation was still observed in the extracted hysteresis behavior for these cases, and thus these buildings would have been correctly classified as being heavily damaged. The step‐by‐step process to automatically select ranks is presented in the paper, and possible revenues for further improvement of the hysteretic response extraction framework are discussed.
Precisely modeling zero‐inflated count phenotype for rare variants
Authors: Fan Qiao , Sun Shuming , Li Yi‐Ju 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCount data with excessive zeros are increasingly ubiquitous in genetic association studies, such as neuritic plaques in brain pathology for Alzheimer's disease. Here, we developed gene‐based association tests to model such data by a mixture of two distributions, one for the structural zeros contributed by the Binomial distribution, and the other for the counts from the Poisson distribution. We derived the score statistics of the corresponding parameter of the rare variants in the zero‐inflated Poisson regression model, and then constructed burden (ZIP‐b) and kernel (ZIP‐k) tests for the association tests. We evaluated omnibus tests that combined both ZIP‐b and ZIP‐k tests. Through simulated sequence data, we illustrated the potential power gain of our proposed method over a two‐stage method that analyzes binary and non‐zero continuous data separately for both burden and kernel tests. The ZIP burden test outperformed the kernel test as expected in all scenarios except for the scenario of variants with a mixture of directions in the genetic effects. We further demonstrated its applications to analyses of the neuritic plaque data in the ROSMAP cohort. We expect our proposed test to be useful in practice as more powerful than or complementary to the two‐stage method.
Quality measures in HCC care by the Practice Metrics Committee of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases
Authors: Asrani Sumeet K. , Ghabril Marwan S. , Kuo Alexander , Merriman Raphael B. , Morgan Timothy , Parikh Neehar D. , Ovchinsky Nadia , Kanwal Fasiha , Volk Michael L. , Ho Chanda , Serper Marina , Mehta Shivang , Agopian Vatche , Cabrera Roniel , Chernyak Victoria , El‐Serag Hashem B. , Heimbach Julie , Ioannou George N. , Kaplan David , Marrero Jorge , Mehta Neil , Singal Amit , Salem Riad , Taddei Tamar , Walling Anne M. , Tapper Elliot B. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The burden of HCC is substantial. To address gaps in HCC care, the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) Practice Metrics Committee (PMC) aimed to develop a standard set of process‐based measures and patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) along the HCC care continuum. We identified candidate process and outcomes measures for HCC care based on structured literature review. A 13‐member panel with content expertise across the HCC care continuum evaluated candidate measures on importance and performance gap using a modified Delphi approach (two rounds of rating) to define the final set of measures. Candidate PROs based on a structured scoping review were ranked by 74 patients with HCC across 7 diverse institutions. Out of 135 measures, 29 measures made the final set. These covered surveillance (6 measures), diagnosis (6 measures), staging (2 measures), treatment (10 measures), and outcomes (5 measures). Examples included the use of ultrasound (± alpha‐fetoprotein [AFP]) every 6 months, need for surveillance in high‐risk populations, diagnostic testing for patients with a new AFP elevation, multidisciplinary liver tumor board (MLTB) review of Liver Imaging‐Reporting and Data System 4 lesions, standard evaluation at diagnosis, treatment recommendations based on Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer staging, MLTB discussion of treatment options, appropriate referral for evaluation of liver transplantation candidacy, and role of palliative therapy. PROs include those related to pain, anxiety, fear of treatment, and uncertainty about the best individual treatment and the future. The AASLD PMC has developed a set of explicit quality measures in HCC care to help bridge the gap between guideline recommendations and measurable processes and outcomes. Measurement and subsequent implementation of these metrics could be a central step in the improvement of patient care and outcomes in this high‐risk population.
Underlying selection for the diversity of spike protein sequences of SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Ghosh Manisha , Basak Surajit , Dutta Shanta 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe global spread of SARS‐CoV‐2 is fast moving and has caused a worldwide public health crisis. In the present article, we analyzed spike protein sequences of SARS‐CoV‐2 genomes to assess the impact of mutational diversity. We observed from amino acid usage patterns that spike proteins are associated with a diversity of mutational changes and most important underlying cause of variation of amino acid usage is the changes in hydrophobicity of spike proteins. The changing patterns of hydrophobicity of spike proteins over time and its influence on the receptor binding affinity provides crucial information on the SARS‐CoV‐2 interaction with human receptor. Our results also show that spike proteins have evolved to prefer more hydrophobic residues over time. The present study provides a comprehensive analysis of molecular sequence data to consider that mutational variants might play a crucial role in modulating the virulence and spread of the virus and has immediate implications for therapeutic strategies.
Indole propionic acid induced Ca2+‐dependent apoptosis in Candida albicans
Authors: Han Giyeol , Lee Dong Gun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIndole propionic acid (IPA) which majorly influences the modulation of cellular respiration is a metabolite generated by gut microbiota. The antimicrobial effects of IPA have not been previously demonstrated. Therefore, this study focused on investigating the antimicrobial activity of IPA. Initially, antifungal activity of IPA against Candida albicans was observed, accompanied by variations in mitochondrial respiration indicating modulation of NAD+/NADH ratios. Consumption of O2 contributes to the respiratory regulation and triggered by Ca2+ overloading. After treatment with IPA, the cells were monitored, and Ca2+ increases leading to membrane depolarization and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in mitochondria were noted. Depolarization of mitochondria membrane induced release of proapoptotic proteins in mitochondria. Oxidative stress exerted by ROS contributed to glutathione depletion and oxidation of glutathione (GSH). Fragmentation of DNA is a characteristic event leading to apoptosis and accompanies major hallmarks of apoptosis including phosphatidylserine exposure and metacaspase activation. In addition, phosphatidylserine exposure and metacaspase activation were detected in the cell treated with IPA. In conclusion, IPA triggered apoptosis in C. albicans under the influence of Ca2+.
Socially distanced teaching: The mental health impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on special education teachers
Authors: Cormier Christopher J. , McGrew John , Ruble Lisa , Fischer Melanie 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLittle is known about the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on special education teachers. Of 468 surveyed across the United States, 38.4% met clinical criteria for generalized anxiety disorder, a rate 12.4 times greater than the U.S. population, and 37.6% for major depressive disorder, a rate 5.6 times greater than the population. Race/ethnicity, gender, or school funding was not related to mental health. The impact of the pandemic was moderate to extreme on stress (91%), depression (58%), anxiety (76%), and emotional exhaustion (83%).
Reliability and Sensitivity to Longitudinal CBF Changes in Steno‐Occlusive Diseases: ASL Versus 123I‐IMP‐SPECT
Authors: Amemiya Shiori , Takao Hidemasa , Watanabe Yusuke , Takei Naoyuki , Ueyama Tsuyoshi , Kato Seiji , Miyawaki Satoru , Koizumi Satoshi , Abe Osamu , Saito Nobuhito 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundNoninvasive cerebral blood flow (CBF) monitoring using arterial spin labeling (ASL) magnetic resonance imaging is useful for managing large cerebral artery steno‐occlusive diseases. However, knowledge about its measurement characteristics in comparison with reference standard perfusion imaging is limited.PurposeTo evaluate perfusion in a longitudinal manner in patients with steno‐occlusive disease using ASL and compare with single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT).Study TypeProspective.PopulationMoyamoya (n = 10, eight females) and atherosclerotic diseases (n = 2, two males).Field Strength/Sequence3.0 T; gradient‐echo three‐dimensional T1‐weighted and spin‐echo ASL.AssessmentMulti‐delay ASL and [123I]‐iodoamphetamine SPECT CBF measurements were performed both before and within 9 days of anterior‐circulation revascularization. Reliability and sensitivity to whole‐brain voxel‐wise CBF changes (ΔCBF) and their postlabeling delay (PLD) dependency with varied PLDs (in milliseconds) of 1000, 2333, and 3666 were examined.Statistical TestsReliability and sensitivity to ΔCBF were examined using within‐subject standard deviation (Sw) and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). For statistical comparisons, standard deviation of longitudinal ΔCBF within the hemisphere contralateral to surgery, and the ratio between it and average ΔCBF within the ipsilateral regions of interest were subjected to paired t tests, respectively. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsASL test–retest time interval was 31 ± 18 days. Test–retest reliability was significantly lower for SPECT (0.16 ± 0.02) than ASL (0.13 ± 0.04). Sensitivity to postoperative changes was significantly higher for ASL (2.71 ± 2.79) than SPECT (0.27 ± 0.62). Test–retest reliability was significantly higher for a PLD of 2333 (0.13 ± 0.04) than 3666 (0.19 ± 0.05), and sensitivity to ΔCBF was significantly higher for PLDs of 1000 (2.53 ± 2.50) and 2333 than 3666 (0.79 ± 1.88). ICC maps also showed higher reliability for ASL than SPECT.Data ConclusionHigher test–retest reliability led to better ASL sensitivity than SPECT for postoperative ΔCBF. ASL test–retest reliability and sensitivity to ΔCBF were higher with a PLD of 2333.Level of Evidence1Technical EfficacyStage 2