bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased Sirtuin expression, senescence regulating miRNAs, mtDNA, and Bifidobateria correlate with wellbeing and skin appearance after Sirtuin- activating drink
Authors: Haslberger Alexander , Lilja Stephanie , Bäck Hanna , Stoll Carinna , Mayer Anna , Pointner Angelika , Hippe Berit , Krammer Ulrike 
Published: April 2021

Background: Sirtuins attract high attention considering their properties to reverse molecular hallmarks of aging and age-related disorders. Many secondary plant ingredients (SPI) are known for their sirtuin-activating activities as well as epigenetic regulation of telomers, autophagy, senolysis, DNA repair but also improvement of gut microbiota. Furthermore, prebiotics enhanced butyrate was shown to interact with SIRT pathways. This study investigated effects of a drink containing a mix of different SPIs in combination with galactooligosaccharides (GOS) and their effect on SIRT activation, markers of aging relevant mechanisms and gut microbiota composition in correlation with subjective wellbeing and skin structure appearance. Methods: We analyzed gene expression, mtDNA amount, and microbial composition in response to a sirtuin-activating drink in humans compared to a control group consuming a placebo. Food frequency, beauty, and general health questionnaires were asked, and a set of mRNAs and miRNAs were assessed using qPCR analysis. The gut composition was analyzed using Illumnia sequencing.Results: SPI increased SIRT1, SIRT3 and modulated cell cycle relevant miR16 and senescence regulating miR34 expression. Additionally, mtDNA amount was higher in the group consuming the active supplement indicating an improved mitochondrial activity. The combined effect of SPI and GOS lead to an increase of Actinobacteria, especially Bifidobacterium, but also Veillonellaceae which was not observed in the control group. Significant correlations between SIRT3 expression and the gut microbiota Bifidobacterium and Veillonellaceae were observed. Additionally, statistical analysis of subjects self-reporting indicated beneficial effects regarding beauty and wellbeing.Conclusion: Our results show that the combination of sirtuins inducing SPI and prebiotic GOS influences molecular pathways counteracting aging, senescence, inflammation, and enhanced groups of gut microbiota which are known to improve the innate and adaptive immune system. Keywords: secondary plant ingredients, prebiotic, Sirtuins, subjective wellbeing, Bifidobacterium
Acute normobaric hypoxia does not increase blood or plasma viscosity
Authors: Buono Michael , Rostomily Kaitlyn 
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND: It has previously been reported that chronic hypoxia increases blood viscosity. The increase is usually attributed to polycythemia-induced increases in hematocrit. However, the effect of acute hypoxia in humans on blood viscosity is unknown. OBJECTIVE: Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of acute hypoxia, independent of changes in hematocrit, on blood and plasma viscosity. METHODS: Nine healthy volunteers breathed room air for 30 min, followed by 30 min of breathing 15% oxygen. Blood samples were collected at the end of both the normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, and hematocrit were measured in each sample. RESULTS: The mean±SD hemoglobin oxygen saturation significantly ( P < 0.05) decreased from 98±1% during normoxia to 87±2% during hypoxia. Hematocrit was essentially identical for the two conditions (42.1% vs. 42.0%). Blood viscosity was not significantly different for the two conditions with a mean of 2.89±0.17 cP during normoxia and 2.83±0.19 cP during hypoxia. Likewise, plasma viscosity was not significantly different for the two conditions with a mean of 1.19±0.04 cP during normoxia and 1.19±0.05 cP during hypoxia. CONCLUSION: Such results suggest that acute normobaric hypoxia, independent of changes in hematocrit, does not increase blood or plasma viscosity.
Vitis vinifera VvPUB17 functions as a E3 ubiquitin ligase and enhances powdery mildew resistance via the salicylic acid signaling pathway
Authors: Li Min , Shen Si-qi , Xing Yi-bin , Jiao Wan-wan , Zhan Yong-rui , Sun Ya-dan , Guo Da-long , Yu Yi-He 
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND: Powdery mildew affects grapevine growth and development and reduces grapevine fruit yield and quality. Plant U-box (PUB) E3 ubiquitin ligases play important roles in ubiquitin/proteasome-mediated protein degradation during plant development and in the plant defense response. OBJECTIVE: We cloned the VvPUB17 gene from Vitis vinifera and analyzed that VvPUB17 enhanced the resistance of grapevine to powdery mildew through the SA signal pathway. METHODS: Pathogen inoculation of Arabidopsis thaliana and grapevine plants was carried out by the tableting method. Gene expression was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. Sequence analysis and in vitro ubiquitination experiments show the structure and characteristics of VvPUB17. Exogenous salicylic acid, methyl jasmonate, ethylene and powdery mildew induced the expression of VvPUB17 in Arabidopsis leaves to verify the resistance of VvPUB17 to powdery mildew. RESULTS: Sequence analysis and in vitro ubiquitination experiments show that VvPUB17 contains U-box and Armadillo repeats (ARM repeat) and has E3 ubiquitin ligase activity dependent on the conserved U-box motif. Transgenic plants showed elevated levels of key genes related to the SA defense response pathway and high concentrations of salicylic acid. CONCLUSIONS: VvPUB17 functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase that enhances the resistance of grapes to powdery mildew through the SA signal pathway.
Can first trimester pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A predict the surfactant needs of preterm neonates?
Authors: Yakistiran B. , Karsli M.F. , Canpolat F.E. 
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND: Low values of pregnancy associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A), have been shown to be associated with some poor gestational outcomes, especially those related to placental deficiency such as pre-eclampsia and fetal growth restriction as well as preterm labor. The aim of this study was to compare first trimester PAPP-A MoM values with the surfactant needs of newborns of pregnant women who had a preterm delivery. METHODS: This study included 216 pregnant women who had a preterm delivery, who were found to be in the low-risk group based on their aneuploidy screening. The women were separated into two groups based on the surfactant receipts of their newborns. A record was made of the obstetric history, birth characteristics of the preterm infants, and whether or not there was a need for surfactant. RESULTS: A comparison of the PAPP-A values of the two groups revealed that the group that received surfactant had statistically significantly lower PAPP-A values (t(–3.97) = 0.203, p < 0.001). When the cut-off value of PAPP-A was taken as 1 MoM and the gestational age was analyzed together with the birth weight, PAPP-A alone was found to be a significant independent variable for the prediction of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) ( p = 0.031; OR:8.2 (1.2–55.6)). CONCLUSIONS: The result of this study demonstrated that PAPP-A MoM values may be significant in predicting the need for surfactant in RDS, which is a frequently seen condition in the neonatal period.
Serum ghrelin is associated with early feeding readiness but not growth in premature infants
Authors: Kopp T. , Codipilly C. , Potak D. , Fishbein J. , Lamport L. , Kurepa D. , Weinberger B. 
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND: Feeding tolerance among premature infants is unpredictable using clinical parameters. Ghrelin, a peptide hormone, acts on the hypothalamus to increase hunger and gut motility. It is present in fetal tissues, promotes intestinal maturation, and is secreted in milk. We hypothesized that higher serum ghrelin levels on days 0–7 are associated with improved feeding tolerance and growth in premature infants. METHODS: Infants (< 1500 g birth weight, n = 36) were recruited on day (D) 0–7. Serum ghrelin was measured by ELISA on D 0–7, D 10–14, and D 24–32, and milk ghrelin in a feeding concurrent with each serum sample. Feeding tolerance was assessed as days to first and full enteral feeds. Growth was quantified as both weight and adipose and muscle deposition by ultrasound. RESULTS: Mean serum ghrelin levels decreased from D 0–7 to D 24–32. Higher ghrelin levels on D 0–7 were correlated with shorter time to first enteral feeding, but not with time to full enteral feeds, rate of weight gain, or rate of accretion of muscle or adipose tissue. Milk ghrelin was not related to serum ghrelin or growth. Abdominal and suprascapular muscle and adipose increased during the first month, but weight gain correlated only with the rate of accretion of abdominal adipose. CONCLUSIONS: Elevated serum ghrelin in the first days of life may contribute to gut motility and readiness to feed. Weight gain in premature infants may primarily indicate abdominal fat accumulation, suggesting that ultrasound measurement of muscle accretion is a better marker for lean body growth.
PEMANFAATAN KOMPOS KULIT KAKAO UNTUK MENGOPTIMALKAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN TERUNG
Authors: Yulianti Widia , Aburdin Asrin 
Published: April 2021

Terung (Solanum melongena L.) merupakan sayuran buah yang banyak digemari oleh berbagai kalangan karena cita rasanya yang enak dan bisa diolah menjadi berbagai hidangan makanan. Terung mempunyai kedudukan cukup penting dalam pola konsumsi masyarakat Indonesia dan termasuk sayuran komersial yang mempunyai nilai ekonomi cukup tinggi, bahkan terung merupakan komoditas ekspor yang cukup berarti. Kebutuhan masyarakat akan terung terus meningkat dari tahun ke tahun seiring dengan pertumbuhan penduduk, tetapi petani belum dapat memenuhi kebutuhan tersebut. Pemenuhan kebutuhan tersebut dilakukan dengan mengoptimalkan produksi terung menggunakan kompos kulit kakao. Kandungan hara kompos yang dibuat dari kulit buah kakao adalah 1,81% N, 26,61% C-organik, 0,31% P2O5, 6,08% K2O, 1,22% CaO, 1,37 % MgO, dan 44,85 cmol/kg KTK. Tujuan Proyek Usaha Mandiri adalah mengoptimalkan produksi tanaman terung dengan menggunakan kompos kulit kakao dan dapat menganalisa kelayakan usaha budidaya tanaman terung dengan potensi pasar di daerah Payakumbuh dan Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota. Proyek Usaha Mandiri ini telah dilaksanakan di lahan percobaan Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Payakumbuh pada bulan September sampai bulan Desember 2015 dengan luas lahan 206 m2. Teknologi dalam proyek usaha mandiri ini adalah kompos kulit kakao. Berdasarkan hasil kegiatan Proyek Usaha Mandiri (PUM) didapatkan produksi terung sebanyak 359 kg dan mendapatkan keuntungan sebesar Rp 292.670 untuk luasan 206 m2, R.C ratio 1,36, profitabilitas 36%, BEP harga Rp 2.236/Kg, BEP hasil 259/Kg dan BEP lahan 151 m2 dan usaha ini layak untuk diusahakan. Oleh sebab itu disarankan menggunakan teknologi kompos kulit kakao untuk budidaya tanaman terung
Zeugma as a Method of Pragmatic Focusing in a Literary Text (Based on the Material of the German Language)
Authors: Timralieva Ju. G. 
Published: April 2021

Introduction.The article analyses the specifics of the functioning of the zeugma in artistic speech. Despite the popularity of this rhetorical figure since ancient times and its use in various spheres of communication, there is still no complete clarity about the essence of this linguistic phenomenon.Methodology and sources.The article considers various interpretations of the zeugma, determines its place in the circle of other rhetorical figures, conducts a structural analysis of zeugmatic constructions, identifies its syntactic and morphological variations, analyzes the stylistic potential. As an empirical material, lyrical and prose texts of German-language literature of the XIX–XX centuries are used, including works by H. Heine, A. Döblin, G. Trakl, G. Benn, K. Edschmid, H. Böll and other authors.Results and discussion.As a rhetorical figure, zeugma is built on the conflict of syntax and semantics, representing several syntactically homogeneous, but semantically heterogeneous elements. Zeugma, as a rule, has a nuclear word in its composition, in which, in conjunction with various actants, different meanings/shades of meanings are actualized, although “non-nuclear” zeugmas are also found. The role of the reference element is most often a verb-predicate, less often the core of the construction becomes an adjective, participle, adverb, noun. The elements of the paratactic series are usually nouns (homogeneous subjects, additions, circumstances), but the analysis also reveals cases of illogical combinations represented by other parts of speech, as well as examples with heterogeneous morphological forms within the same zeugmatic construction. The functional analysis of the zeugma demonstrates the rich stylistic potential of this rhetorical figure, which acts as a means of humor and satire in literary texts, serving to convey emotional states, semantic saturation of the utterance, and the increment of new meanings.Conclusion. Zeugma acts as a significant method of pragmatic focusing in a literary text, being especially widely represented in modernist literature, characterized by semantic multilayering and intensity of artistic expression.
Linguistic Data Model for Natural Languages and Artificial Intelligence. Part 6. The Еxternal Logic
Authors: Polyakov O. M. 
Published: April 2021

Introduction. The article continues a series of publications on the linguistics of the relationship (hereafter R-linguistics) and is concerned with the semantic interpretation in terms of the linguistic model that is the initial stage to consider the logic of natural language (external logic).Methodology and sources. The results obtained in the previous parts of the series are used as research tools. In particular, the verbal categorization method is used to represent concepts and verbs. To develop the necessary mathematical representations in the field of logic and semantics of natural language, the previously formulated concept of the interpretation operator is used. The interpretation operator maps the sentences of the language into the model, taking into account the previously interpreted sentences.Results and discussion. The problems that arise during the operation of the natural language interpretation operator are analyzed using examples of text translation and utterance algebra. The source of problems is the dependence of the interpretation of sentences on the already accumulated results of interpretation. The features of the interpretation of negation and double negation in the language are analyzed. In particular, the negation of a sentence affects the interpretation of previous sentences, and double negation usually denotes a single negation with an indication of its scope. It is shown that even from the point of view of classical logic, linguistic negation is not unconditional, and the operation of concatenation is not commutative and associative. General rules of text interpretation in the form of step-by-step mapping of sentence elements into a linguistic model are formulated.Conlcusion. From the considered examples of the implementation of the interpretation operator, it follows that the negation of a sentence requires a change in the meaning of the operation of attributing sentences in the text. For this reason, the negative particle ”not” in the language is actually a label for changing the interpretation rule. The double negation rule in sentence logic does not hold, so sentences containing double negations are likely to contain information about the scope of the sentence negation in the text. Based on the analysis, the contours of the interpretation operator for the linguistic model are indicated.
On the Fate of the Temporal Existence of Man in the Technogenic Epoch: between Moments and Minutes
Authors: Serova N. V. 
Published: April 2021

Introduction.In the technogenic epoch, people’s understanding of the nature of time has changed. The image of the high-tech time has formed and widely spread under the influence of modern technologies. Today, it has determined the nature of the temporal existence of person and has become, through the electronic clock, an instrument of its dehumanization. Anticipating these threats, the representatives of existentialism undertook the development of temporal problems starting from the middle of the XIX century. The existential analysis of the category “instant” as a specific dimension of the temporal existence of a person has taken a central place in it. Identifying the differences in the meaning of the terms “instant” and “minute” in philosophical and natural science interpretations, the author has suggested the possibility of humanizing modern technological processes by changing modern person’s concept of time.Methodology and sources. Hermeneutical and retrospective methods, methods of existential and comparative analyzes, the use of existential, cultural and interdisciplinary approaches have become the methodological basis of the work. The analysis of philosophical texts on the problem of changing the perception of time by person in the technogenic epoch (L. Mumford, M. McLuhan, D. Naisbitt), the works of existential philosophers devoted to temporal problems (S. Kierkegaard, N. Berdyaev, M. Heidegger) theoretical works on physics (S. Hawking, E. Sudarshan, J. Vaccaro), and a number of works on the humanitarian problems of the technogenic epoch was made (E. Balas, V. Tikhonova, V. Stepin, L. Kuznetsova).Results and discussion. The problem of overcoming the dehumanization of the temporality of human existence under the influence of high-tech time was considered in the article. The following conclusions were the results of the study of this problem. First, the reasons for the dehumanization of the temporal existence of a person acting in accordance with high-tech time have been identified. Secondly, the need to distinguish between the concepts of “minutes” of objective time and “moments” of the temporality of human existence was justified. Third, the study of temporal problems was defined as a condition for the humanization of scientific and technological development of modern epoch.Conclusion. In the technogenic, person’s free choice between minutes of high-tech time and moments of existential time have determined the fate of his / her temporal existence. Making one’s choice, a person has determined the character of the development of the technogenic epoch in the direction of the dehumanization of human existence or in the direction of the humanization of the technical world. The breadth of the study of the nature of human temporality and temporal issues in general will have affected the right choice.
Análisis de la rentabilidad económica del sistema portuario español
Authors: González Laxe Fernando 
Published: April 2021

Se analizan los volúmenes de los tráficos de mercancías en los puertos españoles, sus niveles de especialización y los resultados económicos de las autoridades portuarias a lo largo del periodo 2011-2019. El sistema portuario español muestra una gran heterogeneidad derivada de la existencia de puertos grandes, pequeños y medianos, de diferentes grados de orientación y de tráficos cautivos, y de distintos niveles de inserción internacional. Se calcula la rentabilidad en función de la especialización de los tráficos, de la localización de los puertos y de las diferentes estrategias en lo tocante a las tasas portuarias llevadas a cabo por las 28 autoridades portuarias. El trabajo concluye que la especialización en mercancía general, en particular en contenedores, junto al tamaño del puerto, sí son relevantes de cara a obtener una mejor rentabilidad.
Ellipsis in English and Albanian
Authors: JAHJA Nesrin 
Published: April 2021

This research attempted to conduct an in-depth analysis of the text-forming elements based on the fact that cohesive devices are insufficiently treated in the Albanian language, although considerable research and publications have been made in other languages.

This study aims to bring evidence in recognizing, determining, and categorizing the structures of ellipsis and substitution which perform in English and Albanian. Comparing these important elements of grammatical cohesion in two languages will bring light upon the differences and similarities between the two languages. It will also show how frequently they are used in English and Albanian. Particularly, the aim is to show how these two mechanisms enable the avoidance of repetition, either by choosing other short words, phrases, and clauses or by removal of words, phrases, and clauses.

This study involved samples of fiction and non-fiction texts of English and Albanian language, consisting of two novels and two daily newspapers. The findings of the research indicate that in fiction texts, ellipsis is used more in the Albanian language rather than in English whereas substitution prevails more in English than Albanian. Ellipsis is used more in the Albanian language rather than in English in non-fiction texts too. Nevertheless, the frequency of substitution seems to be the same in both languages with a total of 4 items in English and 3 items in Albanian.
PENGENDALIAN KUALITAS DENGAN METODE STATISTICAL QUALITY CONTROL PADA RAMADHANI BAKERY AND CAKE
Authors: Safrizal  , Siti Zulaikha  
Published: April 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis pelaksanaan pengendalian kualitas, jenis-jenis kerusakan, dan faktor yang menyebabkan kerusakan dalam proses produksi roti di UD. Ramadhani Bakery and Cake. Teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan dengan cara wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Dalam pengolahan data penelitian ini menggunakan metode Statistical Quality Control (SQC) yaitu lembar periksa, diagram pencar, histogram, diagram pareto, diagram sebab akibat dan peta kendali. Hasil analisis data dan pembahasan menunjukkan bahwa proses produksi pada UD. Ramadhani Bakery and Cake sudah baik karena jumlah produk gagal masih berada pada batas wajar yaitu terletak antara Lower Control Limit (LCL) dan Upper Control Limit (UCL). Berdasarkan metode Statistical Quality Control (SQC) dapat disimpulkan jenis kerusakan yang terjadi di UD. Ramadhani Bakery and Cake adalah kerusakan paling banyak terdapat pada bentuk tidak seragam sejumlah 352 potong roti atau 41,86%, kemudian hangus sejumlah 250 potong roti atau 29,73% dan pecah sejumlah 239 potong roti atau 28,41%. Faktor yang menyebabkan kerusakan kegagalan produksi roti pada UD. Ramadhani Bakery and Cake cenderung lebih banyak diakibatkan oleh faktor metode dibandingkan dengan faktor lainnya
The Relationship between Nutritional Status of Pregnant Women and Stunted Children
Authors: Royani Ida , Mappaware Nasrudin Andi , Darma Sidrah , Khalid Nurfadhillah , Utami Dian Fahmi 
Published: April 2021

Introduction: The nutritional status of pregnant women has a significant impact on the fetus's health and development. Low birth weight can be caused by womb growth problems. Research in Nepal shows that babies with low birth weight have a higher risk of becoming stunted. West Sulawesi is the most populous province in Central Indonesia, with a population of 39.7%. In Mamuju District, West Sulawesi, the relationship between stunted babies and maternal nutritional status during pregnancy was investigated.
Methods: Cross sectional analytic survey with a retrospective approach. Data processing using the chi square test. The population in this study was 20.039 people. Total sampling was used to collect nutritional status data of children under the age of five in West Sulawesi province from February to June 2020. In this study, 88 people were sampled, all of whom were mothers of stunted children aged 2 to 5 Years old and who had a KIA book during pregnancy.
Results: The results of statistical tests showed that the p value of nutritional status with BMI and LILA 0.000 and the p value of HB levels 0.066. There was a link between pregnant women's nutritional status and LILA, but not between HB levels and stunting.
Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is that there is a relationship between the nutritional status of pregnant women based on BMI and LILA and the incidence of stunting in Mamuju Regency, West Sulawesi Province.