bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The efficacy of manual soft‐tissue mobilization in ankylosing spondylitis: A randomized controlled study
Authors: Gur Kabul Elif , Basakci Calik Bilge , Oztop Mucahit , Cobankara Veli 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimThe aim of this randomized controlled study was to investigate the effect of soft‐tissue mobilization in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS).MethodTwenty‐one patients (mean age 44.57 ± 10.40 years) were randomly divided into two groups. There were 13 patients (11 females, 2 males, age 43.69 ± 9.94 years) in the intervention group and 8 patients (5 females, 3 males, age 46.00 ± 11.67 years) in the control group. In the intervention group, soft‐tissue mobilization therapy and 20 spinal mobility exercises were applied. The control group received only 20 spinal mobility exercises. The Bath AS Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), Bath AS Functional Index (BASFI), and Bath AS Metrology Index (BASMI) were used for assessment of disease activity, functional level, and mobility, respectively. Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) for quality of life and Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ) were used to determine disability levels.ResultsWe found significant differences between pretreatment and post‐treatment scores of BASDAI (P = 0.049); BASFI (P = 0.009; lateral lumbar flexion (P = 0.005), maximal intermalleolar distance (P = 0.001) and total score (P = 0.001) of BASMI; pain subtest (P = 0.036) and total score (P = 0.036) of NHP; and RMDQ score (P = 0.004) in the intervention group. However, in the control group the BASMI score (P = 0.049) was observed to worsen significantly. Delta values were compared and differences in BASFI (P = 0.039), and in lateral lumbar flexion (P = 0.027), maximal intermalleolar distance (P = 0.045) and total score (P = 0.001) of BASMI were significant in favor of intervention group. Only tragus‐to‐wall distance (P = 0.039) of BASMI was observed to worsen significantly in the control group.ConclusionWe recommend the use of soft‐tissue mobilization in addition to the exercises to treat AS patients.
Low‐frequency ultrasound combined with microbubbles improves gene transfection in prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Zhang Wei , Nan Shu‐liang , Bai Wen‐kun , Hu Bing 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study is to explore whether low‐frequency ultrasound combined with microbubbles improves pEGFP genes transfection into human prostate cancer cells.MethodsUltrasound with frequency of 80 kHz and duty cycle of 50% was adopted in the study; in in vitro experiments, cell lysis, and membrane damage were evaluated after ultrasound exposure; and the membrane continuity and transfection efficiency were observed by transmission electron microscope and laser scanner, respectively. Human prostate cancer xenograft models were exposed to ultrasound and transfection efficiency and histological examination were analyzed.ResultsCompared with the control group, ultrasound combined with microbubbles significantly improves gene transfection efficiency (P < .05). In in vitro study, ultrasound combined with microbubbles resulted in cell lysis and the interruption of cell membrane continuity, and its average transfection efficiency was 9.9%; the green fluorescence intensity was 15.2% in the ultrasound combined with microbubbles group in vivo; both values were higher than that in the control group (P < .05).ConclusionLow‐frequency ultrasound combined with microbubbles could be used as a method to promote gene transfection in prostate cancer cells.
Corticosteroid delivery using oral mucosa equivalents for the treatment of inflammatory mucosal diseases
Authors: Said Zulfahmi , Murdoch Craig , Hansen Jens , Siim Madsen Lars , Colley Helen E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOral lichen planus (OLP) is an immune‐mediated disease of the oral mucosa with idiopathic aetiology. It is frequently treated with topical corticosteroids (applied as gels, mouthwashes, or sprays); however, the mucosal exposure times of topical corticosteroids are short because of removal by the constant flow of saliva and mechanical forces. In this study we used cell monolayers, as well as oral mucosal equivalents (OMEs) containing activated T‐cells, to examine corticosteroid potency and delivery of clobetasol‐17‐propionate from a novel electrospun mucoadhesive patch. The OMEs displayed tight junctions, desmosomes, hemidesmosomes, and an efficient permeability barrier. Following application of corticosteroids to cells cultured as monolayers, the degree of cytotoxicity measured correlated to the level of potency recognized for each corticosteroid; by contrast, OMEs were largely unaffected by corticosteroid treatment. Permeation of clobetasol‐17‐propionate into and through the OMEs was time‐ and dose‐dependent, regardless of whether this corticosteroid was delivered in liquid form or from a mucoadhesive patch, and both liquid‐ and patch‐delivered clobetasol‐17‐propionate significantly reduced the secretion of interleukin‐2 by activated T‐cells. This study confirms that OMEs are more suitable models than cell monolayers for evaluating toxicity and drug delivery. After topical exposure, clobetasol‐17‐propionate accumulated in OMEs at a higher level than betamethasone‐17‐valerate and hydrocortisone‐17‐valerate, and exerted its immunosuppressive actions following application via the patch delivery system, highlighting the efficacy of this mode of drug delivery to treat OLP.
Exertional heat illness in Thoroughbred racehorses – Pathophysiology, case definition and treatment rationale
Authors: Brownlow M. A. , Mizzi J. X. 
Published: March 2021

SummaryThe combination of extreme heat, humidity and strenuous exercise is potentially challenging to the thermoregulatory system of a Thoroughbred racehorse, and under certain circumstances can cause a condition called exertional heat illness (EHI). It is difficult to predict its occurrence in an individual animal due to the combination on race day of extrinsic and intrinsic risk factors. Education regarding EHI is essential to its prevention, and lack of understanding amongst those responsible for the horse’s care may in fact be the most important risk factor. The pathophysiology of EHI is similar across elite athletic species and is directly related to an elevation in core body temperature that exceeds the ‘critical thermal maximum’, causing widespread destruction of cells. It is not only the high core temperature but also its duration that will dictate outcome. Treatment strategies should decrease the hyperthermia to near normal levels within 30 min of onset, which will minimise adverse consequences. This review article outlines the pathophysiological changes as EHI progresses, and the case definition at each emergent level. Pharmacological treatment strategies and their rationale are presented. Aggressive cooling, however, is the key treatment and requires a technique which is both practical and effective in rapidly reducing core body temperature. The treatment paradigm is early detection, rapid assessment enabling prioritisation of individuals and aggressive cooling. Each stage is critically discussed.
The hospitable body at work—A research agenda
Authors: Zampoukos Kristina 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper critically examines the hospitable body and how it is put to work, how certain bodies are selected and become associated with certain occupations and spaces of work, and how the hospitable body is produced, transformed, and commodified in accordance with prevailing modes of production. Drawing on examples primarily obtained from the Nordic countries, I review current research on hospitality workers, while also manifesting how employers portray and, at times, exploit the hospitable body. This is followed by a presentation of a research agenda for the continued study of the hospitable body at work, addressing the need for in‐depth, context‐sensitive studies on worker strategies to counteract harassment. I conclude by suggesting that the working body can be theorized as concurrently being relational and “in the making,” and as a bounded territory in need of protection against the hazards of flexible work regimes, stress, harassment, and precariousness.
Balloon cell melanoma: a systematic review
Authors: Wei Grace , Hennessy Kerry , Kevin Heard L. , Gaudi Sudeep , Mhaskar Rahul , Patel Rishi R. , Bennett Adam E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBalloon cell melanoma (BCM) is a rare presentation of malignant melanoma characterized by large, foamy melanocytes lacking pigmentation. This is a comprehensive review of the clinical, dermoscopic, and histological features among BCM cases reported in the literature. A systematic review of all case reports and series published since 1970 was conducted via MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science, using "balloon cell melanoma" and synonymous search terms. Our systematic search identified 76 cases (49% male, 51% female) of BCM in the literature. The mean age at presentation was 57.81 years. Prior skin cancer, particularly melanoma (47%), accounted for 58% of pertinent medical history. Prominent clinical exam findings included raised (46%), ulcerated (73%) lesions larger than 1 cm (68%) in the lower extremities (35%). Median Breslow thickness of primary BCM cases was 2.5 mm. Hairpin vessels (75%) and structureless architecture (75%) were predominant on dermoscopy. Notable histopathology included large (47%), vacuolated (58%) cells with foamy cytoplasm (62%) and conspicuous nucleoli (27%). Positive S‐100 immunohistochemistry (73%) was most frequently employed to diagnose BCM. We observed 47% primary and 53% metastatic BCM cases. Of metastatic BCMs, balloon cells in the primary lesion were unknown in 48%, devoid in 33%, and present in 20% of cases. All metastases displayed predominant balloon cell morphology. BCM may represent an advanced phase in the progression of malignant melanoma. Improved awareness of BCM characteristics among clinicians may reduce the risk of misdiagnoses.
Associations between fruit juice and milk consumption and change in BMI in a large prospective cohort of U.S. adolescents and preadolescents
Authors: Sakaki Junichi R. , Li Jing , Gao Simiao , Ha Kyungho , Tamimi Rulla M. , Chavarro Jorge E. , Chen Ming‐Hui , Sun Qi , Hart Jaime E. , Chun Ock K. 
Published: March 2021

SummaryBackgroundThere are concerns that fruit juice and milk contribute to childhood obesity.ObjectiveDetermine the relationship between fruit juice and milk intakes and body mass index (BMI) change among preadolescents/adolescents.MethodsParticipants aged 9 to 16 years old from the Growing Up Today Study II completed surveys including validated food frequency questionnaires in 2004, 2006 and 2008. The contributions of one serving of juice or milk to total energy intake and 2‐year change in BMI were evaluated using multiple linear regression. Additional analyses were conducted with subgroups of juice (orange juice and other fruit juice) and milk (low fat and high fat). Missing values for BMI were imputed using a multiple imputation approach, after which data from 8173 participants and 13 717 2‐year interval observations were analysed.ResultsBaseline fruit juice consumption was inversely associated with BMI change in girls (β = −.102 kg/m2, SE = 0.038, P value = .008) but not boys after controlling for race, age, baseline BMI, and baseline and 2‐year changes in total energy intake and physical activity. Orange juice was inversely associated with BMI change among girls (β = −.137 kg/m2, SE = 0.053, P value = .010) while other fruit juice, low fat and high fat milk were not associated with BMI change.ConclusionOrange juice was inversely associated with 2‐year BMI change among preadolescent/adolescent girls but not boys and there were no significant associations with other juices or milk among either gender.
Connecting sleep, the neurocognitive memory system, and Bourdieu's habitus concept: Is sleep a generative force of the habitus?
Authors: Drews Henning Johannes 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBourdieu's habitus theory has been criticized for allegedly being static and deterministic. This is partly due to insufficiently elaborated microstructural aspects of the habitus. Previous works have tried to elaborate the habitus' individual side by drawing on neuropsychological and neuroscientific concepts including the neuropsychological memory system. Despite its relevance for several social processes, sleep has not been considered in this context. The present work investigates the interrelatedness of habitus, sleep, and the memory system with particular focus on the determinism and staticity critique. It shows that the neuropsychological memory system overlaps largely with implicit memory and sleep plays an important role in the formation of habitus‐relevant memory. Moreover, sleep enhances processes such as memory consolidation, reflexivity, associative creativity, and dream‐associated simulation of unknown situations which counter the determinism and staticity critique. The present article argues that habitus, memory, and sleep are closely related and memory and sleep represent operational micro‐structures of the habitus. Moreover, sleep‐related processes represent a generative force that renders the habitus more dynamic. Finally, strengths and weaknesses of the habitus‐memory‐sleep nexus are discussed and further lines of research are outlined.
Mathematical Modeling of Population Dynamics Based on Recurrent Equations: Results and Prospects. Part I
Authors: Frisman E. Ya. , Zhdanova O. L. , Kulakov M. P. , Neverova G. P. , Revutskaya O. L. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Approaches to modeling population dynamics using discrete-time models are described in this two-part review. The development of the scientific ideas of discrete time models, from the Malthus model to modern population models that take into account many factors affecting the structure and dynamics, is presented. The most important and interesting results of recurrent equation application to biological system analysis obtained by the authors are given. In the first part of this review, the population dynamic effects that result from density-dependent regulation of population, the age and sex structures, and the influence of external factors are considered.
A novel development indicator based on population-average height trajectories of children aged 0–5 years modelled using 145 surveys in 64 countries, 2000–2018
Authors: Ohuma Eric O , Bassani Diego G , Qamar Huma , Yang Seungmi , Roth Daniel E 
Published: March 2021

IntroductionChildren’s growth status is an important measure commonly used as a proxy indicator of advancements in a country’s health, human capital and economic development. We aimed to assess the feasibility of using Super-Imposition by Translation And Rotation (SITAR) models for summarising population-based cross-sectional height-by-age data of children under 5 years across 64 countries.MethodsUsing 145 publicly available Demographic and Health Surveys of children under 5 years across 64 low-income and middle-income countries from 2000 to 2018, we created a multicountry pseudo-longitudinal dataset of children’s heights.ResultsSITAR models including two parameters (size and intensity) explained 81% of the between-survey variation in mean boys’ height and 80% in mean girls’ height. Size parameters for boys and girls (relative to the WHO child growth standards) were distributed non-normally around a mean of −5.2 cm for boys (range: −7.9 cm to −1.6 cm) and −4.9 cm for girls (range: −7.7 cm to −1.2 cm). Boys exhibited 10% slower linear growth compared with the WHO (range: 19.7% slower to 1.6% faster) and girls 11% slower linear growth compared with the WHO (range: 21.4% slower to 1.0% faster). Variation in the SITAR size parameter was ≥90% explained by the combination of average length within the first 60 days of birth (as a proxy for fetal growth) and intensity, regardless of sex, with much greater contribution by postnatal intensity (r≥0.89 between size and intensity).ConclusionsSITAR models with two random effects can be used to model child linear growth using multicountry pseudo-longitudinal data, and thereby provide a feasible alternative approach to summarising early childhood height trajectories based on survey data. The SITAR intensity parameter may be a novel indicator for specifically tracking progress in the determinants of postnatal growth in low-income and middle-income countries.
Abstract IA005: Immune escape during breast tumor progression
Authors: Polyak Kornelia 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The drivers of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) transition are poorly understood. We have analyzed genetic, gene expression, epigenetic profiles of cells composing the tumor and identified cell type-specific changes during tumor progression. Importantly, while we could not detect progression stage- stage-specific alterations in tumor epithelial cells, myoepithelial cells and cells composing the microenvironment showed consistent differences between DCIS and IDC. Overall, there is a general decline in intratumor activated GZMB+CD8+ T cells accompanied by changes in innate immune cells that promote tumor outgrowth. We demonstrate that these progression stage-specific alterations are also present in a rat model of breast cancer and that combined targeting of multiple components of the tumor ecosystem increases the efficacy of anti-cancer therapies. Our data highlight the role of microenvironmental, especially immune-related changes in driving breast tumor progression.
Citation Format: Kornelia Polyak. Immune escape during breast tumor progression [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on the Evolving Tumor Microenvironment in Cancer Progression: Mechanisms and Emerging Therapeutic Opportunities; in association with the Tumor Microenvironment (TME) Working Group; 2021 Jan 11-12. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(5 Suppl):Abstract nr IA005.
Abstract IA012: Engineering precision cancer immunotherapy
Authors: DuPage Michel 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The treatment of cancer has been revolutionized by the development of immune-based therapies designed to boost the number and function of cytotoxic T cells that kill tumor cells. However, it is already apparent that this strategy alone will not benefit all patients, as the majority of cancers generate a highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) that shuts down even the most potent T cells. Furthermore, as a consequence of ramping up the immune system, these immune stimulating drugs instigate significant autoimmune toxicity. We aim to develop a radical new strategy to circumvent both challenges by identifying immunosuppressive regulatory mechanisms unique to cancerous tissues, thereby uncovering pathways active only in tumors that can be targeted to generate precision cancer immunotherapies that preserve immune tolerance in healthy tissues. The focus will be on Regulatory T cells (Tregs), a subset of immunosuppressive CD4+T cells that lie at the fulcrum of immunity, directing cells of the immune system to go or stop. In cancer, Tregsinfiltrate tumors and dampen anti-tumor immune responses, but Tregs also play an essential role in preventing autoimmunity. This proposal will test the hypothesis that human cancers generate an immunosuppressive TME by enforcing a unique epigenetic program in intratumoral Tregsthat, if identified, could provide new targets to selectively modulate tumor-infiltrating Tregsand limit autoimmunity. To do this, the research will employ genetically engineered mouse (GEM) cancers, an accurate and flexible platform to test the full complement of factors that make up the TME of human cancers, combined with sophisticated genetic tools to track Treg entry and activity in the TME. Our investigations thus far have led us to the investigation of Ezh2 activity, a H3K27 methyltransferase, in defining Treg behavior selectively in the TME.
Citation Format: Michel DuPage. Engineering precision cancer immunotherapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on the Evolving Tumor Microenvironment in Cancer Progression: Mechanisms and Emerging Therapeutic Opportunities; in association with the Tumor Microenvironment (TME) Working Group; 2021 Jan 11-12. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(5 Suppl):Abstract nr IA012.
Abstract IA020: Mechanics, multinucleation, and EMT
Authors: Nelson Celeste M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Multinucleation is found in more than one third of tumors and is linked to increased tolerance for mutation, resistance to chemotherapy, and invasive potential. The integrity of the genome depends on proper execution of the cell cycle, which can be altered through mechanotransduction pathways as the tumor microenvironment stiffens during tumorigenesis. We recently found that inducers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), including transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta), also promote multinucleation in stiff microenvironments through Snail-dependent expression of the filament-forming protein septin-6, resulting in midbody persistence, abscission failure, and multinucleation. Consistently, we observed elevated expression of Snail and septin-6 as well as multinucleation in a human patient sample of metaplastic carcinoma of the breast, a rare classification characterized by deposition of collagen fibers and active EMT. In contrast, a soft microenvironment protected mammary epithelial cells from becoming multinucleated by preventing Snail-induced upregulation of septin-6. I will describe data suggesting that tissue stiffening during tumorigenesis synergizes with oncogenic signaling to promote genomic abnormalities that drive cancer progression.
Citation Format: Celeste M. Nelson. Mechanics, multinucleation, and EMT [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on the Evolving Tumor Microenvironment in Cancer Progression: Mechanisms and Emerging Therapeutic Opportunities; in association with the Tumor Microenvironment (TME) Working Group; 2021 Jan 11-12. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(5 Suppl):Abstract nr IA020.