bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wittig Reactions of Maleimide-Derived Stabilized Ylides with Alkyl Pyruvates: Concise Approach to Methyl Ester of (±)-Chaetogline A
Authors: Argade Narshinha P. , Shelar Santosh V. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA facile synthesis of methyl ester of chaetogline A is reported starting from the corresponding methyl 1-methyltryptophanate-derived­ maleimide. A stereoselective Wittig olefination with a carbonyl function in methyl pyruvate followed by phosphorous pentoxide-induced­ regioselective dehydrative cyclization are the essential reactions. An acid-induced thermodynamically driven stereoselective β- to α-position migration of the exocyclic C=C bond unit in ethyl tetrahydroindolizinoindolylidenepropanoate is described.
Aesthetically Thriving through Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): An Evaluation of Patient Motivation and Perception on Aesthetic Surgery and Minimally Invasive Procedures
Authors: Sezgin Billur , Tatar Sedat , Kara Basak Selin , Ozmen Selahattin , Yavuzer Reha 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAlthough the cancellation of elective procedures due to the COVID-19 outbreak has been a vital precaution, it has resulted in the suspension of aesthetic procedures and surgeries worldwide. Consequently, this postponement and other factors might have a negative impact on patients planning to undergo aesthetic procedures. Understanding the changes in patient motivation and perception in comparison to the prepandemic period is imperative for proper adjustment of plastic surgery clinics.A prospective questionnaire study was conducted on patients with cancelled aesthetic surgeries or procedures to determine the effects that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) had on patient motivation regarding cosmetic surgery and procedures and to establish a relationship between patient characteristics and the overall effect of pandemia on the perception of cosmetic surgery.Although most patients felt angry or frustrated due to the cancellation of their surgeries or procedures, the majority accepted that it was a necessary precaution. Patients with a history of previous minimally invasive procedures had a significantly higher ratio of acceptance for cancellations, whereas single patients were more likely to want to have their treatments done if the decision were left up to them. A subset of patients considered undergoing additional cosmetic procedures in the setting of self-isolation, and all patients stated that they would reschedule once the pandemia was under control.Patients with established motivation for plastic surgery and minimally invasive procedures ultimately plan to resume their normal treatments alongside others after the pandemia subsides. Plastic surgeons must actively communicate with their patient population during this time to properly educate, embrace, and direct them under scientific guidelines.
Pretemporal Transcavernous Approach for Resection of an Orbito-Cavernous Oculomotor Schwannoma
Authors: Rutkowski Martin J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe following operative video demonstrates surgical tenets and nuances of the pretemporal transcavernous approach in an unusual case of a 33-year-old patient suffering new onset diplopia and a third nerve palsy due to an orbito-cavernous oculomotor schwannoma. Near total resection was accomplished through an extended pterional craniotomy with pretemporal transcavernous exposure of her lesion, resulting in resolution of her preoperative oculomotor palsy and visual dysfunction. When combined with extended pterional and modified frontotemporal orbitozygomatic approaches, the pretemporal transcavernous approach provides excellent surgical access to the parasellar region including the superior orbital fissure and cavernous sinus. Meticulous dissection and early identification of tissue planes, including cranial nerve and vascular anatomy, allows for safe removal of tumors arising in this region.The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/EuIRTP7wWBQ.
A dilemma in rape crisis and a contribution from philosophy
Authors: Maung Hane Htut 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe notion that rape is an act of violence rather than sex is a central tenet in rape crisis support and education. A therapeutic benefit of this conceptualisation of rape is that it counters shame and guilt by affirming that the victim was not a complicit partner in an act of sex. However, this conceptualisation has recently been criticised for not capturing what makes rape an especially serious kind of wrong. This raises an apparent dilemma for rape crisis support. Recent work in analytic moral philosophy on the nature of rape offers a way to resolve this dilemma. It is argued that rape is not sex, but is nonetheless sexual. This distinction allows for a charitable reformulation of the central tenet in rape crisis support, which can facilitate the dual therapeutic aims of countering the sense of shame and of recognising the especially serious kind of the harm suffered by the victim.
A photogrammetric method for target monitoring inside the MEG II detector
Authors: Cavoto G. , Chiarello G. , Hildebrandt M. , Hofer A. , Ieki K. , Meucci M. , Milana S. , Pettinacci V. , Renga F. , Voena C. 
Published: April 2021

An automatic target monitoring method based on photographs taken by a CMOS photo-camera has been developed for the MEG II detector. The technique could be adapted for other fixed-target experiments requiring good knowledge of their target position to avoid biases and systematic errors in measuring the trajectories of the outcoming particles. A CMOS-based, high resolution, high radiation tolerant, and high magnetic field resistant photo-camera was mounted inside the MEG II detector at the Paul Scherrer Institute (Switzerland). MEG II is used to search for lepton flavor violation in muon decays. The photogrammetric method’s challenges, affecting measurements of low momentum particles’ tracks, are the high magnetic field of the spectrometer, high radiation levels, tight space constraints, and the need to limit the material budget in the tracking volume. The camera is focused on the dot pattern drawn on the thin MEG II target, about 1 m away from the detector endcaps where the photo-camera is placed. Target movements and deformations are monitored by comparing images of the dots taken at various times during the measurement. The images are acquired with a Raspberry board and analyzed using custom software. Global alignment to the spectrometer is guaranteed by corner cubes placed on the target support. As a result, the target monitoring fulfills the needs of the experiment.
Oblique-incidence Sagnac interferometric scanning microscope for studying magneto-optic effects of materials at low temperatures
Authors: Zhu X. D. , Ullah R. , Taufour V. 
Published: April 2021

We describe an oblique-incidence zero-area Sagnac interferometric microscope for studying spatial and temperature dependence of magneto-optic (MO) effects in samples under cryogenic conditions. The microscope is capable of independently measuring Kerr effects from three Cartesian components of a magnetization and thus can be used to map out the magnetization vector across the sample. For illustration, we present MO Kerr effect images of magnetic domains at 77 K of a LaCrGe3 crystal terminated with an a–c plane (the plane that contains the lattice a-axis and c-axis). We further present measurements of magnetization in these domains from 90 to 77 K during zero-field cooling and field cooling in an external magnetic field from 20 to 150 Oe. The inherently high sensitivity and the capability of detecting a magnetization without external modulation makes such a Sagnac interferometric microscope particularly useful for studying magnetic effects in novel materials at low temperatures.
Low-dimensional multi-scale Fisher discriminant dictionary learning for intelligent gear-fault diagnosis
Authors: Zhou Li , Wang Shibin , Zhao Zhibin , Cai Gaigai , Yan Ruqiang , Chen Xuefeng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Fisher discriminant dictionary learning (FDDL) is an effective classification method that has achieved excellent results in image processing. However, there are still some shortcomings when it is directly applied to intelligent gear-fault diagnosis, such as low classification accuracy, a time-consuming dictionary learning process and unsatisfactory anti-interference capabilities, especially for vibration signals with heavy noise. To solve these problems, this paper proposes a low-dimensional multi-scale FDDL (LM-FDDL) model, which extracts the fault-sensitive and multi-scale information from wavelet packet transform coefficients, and constructs a low-dimensional sample set via L-kurtosis for dictionary learning. This improves the anti-interference capability of the model and greatly reduces the computational cost. The dictionary learned from the low-dimensional sample set has excellent discriminant performance and interpretability, which are verified by the visualization of reconstructed signals. Experimental results for a spur-gear fault dataset and a bevel-gear fault dataset demonstrate the superiority of LM-FDDL over other related methods in terms of fault classification accuracy and computational cost. An added-noise comparison experiment verifies that the dimension -reducing strategy of LM-FDDL has strong robustness to noise and outliers, and thus ensures that the main fault features can be extracted from vibration signals with heavy noise interference.
Electron transmission through suspended graphene membranes measured with a low-voltage gated Si field emitter array
Authors: Rughoobur Girish , Jain Lay , Akinwande Akintunde I 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate the transmission of electrons through different number (1, 2, and 5) of suspended graphene layers at electron energies between 20 and 250 eV. Electrons with initial energies lower than 40 eV are generated using silicon field emitter arrays with 1 μm pitch, and accelerated towards the graphene layers supported by a silicon nitride grid biased at voltages from −20 to 200 V. We measured significant increase in current collected at the anode with the presence of graphene, which is attributed to the possible generation of secondary electrons by primary electrons impinging on the graphene membrane. Highest output current was recorded with monolayer graphene at approximately 90 eV, with up to 1.7 times the incident current. The transparency of graphene to low-energy electrons and its impermeability to gas molecules could enable low-voltage field emission electron sources, which often require ultra-high vacuum, to operate in a relatively poor vacuum environment.
The superconducting transition temperature for P-doped hydrogenated penta-graphene
Authors: Einollahzadeh Hamideh , Fazeli Seyed Mahdi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we theoretically study superconductivity in hydrogenated penta-graphene (HPG). HPG has thermodynamical, mechanical and structural stability. By decreasing the Fermi energy of HPG, both manually and p-doping, we get strong density of states at the Fermi level. Therefore, one could expect that decreasing the Fermi energy may increase the superconducting transition temperature similar to graphane. We predict the superconducting transition temperature

(

T

C

)

about 90 K for B-doped HPG. This high superconducting transition temperature suggests that p-doped HPG could be a decent candidate for a nanoscale superconductor.
Certification of three black boxes with unsharp measurements using 3 → 1 sequential quantum random access codes
Authors: Wei Shihui , Guo Fenzhuo , Gao Fei , Wen Qiaoyan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Unsharp measurements play an increasingly important role in quantum information theory. In this paper, we study a three-party prepare-transform-measure experiment with unsharp measurements based on 3 → 1 sequential random access codes (RACs). We derive optimal trade-off between the two correlation witnesses in 3 → 1 sequential quantum random access codes (QRACs), and use the result to complete the self-testing of quantum preparations, instruments and measurements for three sequential parties. We also give the upper and lower bounds of the sharpness parameter to complete the robustness analysis of the self-testing scheme. In addition, we find that classical correlation witness violation based on 3 → 1 sequential RACs cannot be obtained by both correlation witnesses simultaneously. This means that if the second party uses strong unsharp measurements to overcome the classical upper bound, the third party cannot do so even with sharp measurements. Finally, we give the analysis and comparison of the random number generation efficiency under different sharpness parameters based on the determinant value, 2 → 1 and 3 → 1 QRACs separately. This letter sheds new light on generating random numbers among multi-party in semi-device independent framework.
Mixed convection hybridized micropolar nanofluid with triple stratification and Cattaneo–Christov heat flux model
Authors: Ahmad Shafiq , Nadeem Sohail , Khan Muhammad Naveed 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In the present article, we analyzed the unsteady bio-convective hybridized micropolar nanofluid flow over vertical exponentially stretching surface under the stratification conditions. Hybrid nanoparticles (AA7075 + AA7072 alloys) with a base fluid of water are deliberated in the current study. The Cattaneo–Christov heat flux and activation energy is taken into account to examine the heat and mass transfer rate. The appropriate transformations are used to transfer the flow model into the coupled non—linear ODEs. The Bvp4c Matlab technique is used to solve the coupled equations. The conclusion of various parameters is examined graphically. The physical quantities like skin friction, local Sherwood number and local microorganisms number observed via graphs. It is worth noticing that the axial and angular velocity reduces near the boundary and enhances away from the boundary with the escalation of solid volume fraction single and multi wall carbon nanotubes. Further, the skin factor, Sherwood number, and microorganism number show increasing behavior as increasing stretching parameter and solid volume fraction.
Heat capacity of holographic screen inspires MOND theory
Authors: Senay M , Mohammadi Sabet M , Moradpour H 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
It is argued that Planck mass may be considered as a candidate for the mass content of each degree of freedom of holographic screen. In addition, employing the Verlinde hypothesis on emergent gravity and considering holographic screen degrees of freedom as a q-deformed fermionic system, it is obtained that the heat capacity per degree of freedom inspires the MOND interpolating function. Moreover, the MOND acceleration is achieved as a function of Planck acceleration. Both ultra-relativistic and non-relativistic statistics are studied. We, therefore, believe that our results can at least mathematically be employed to write the MOND theory corresponding to various samples.
VieRDS: A Software to Simulate Raw Telescope Data for very Long Baseline Interferometry
Authors: Gruber J , Nothnagel A , Böhm J 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The digital data produced by each telescope within the observation process of Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) can be referred to as raw data. The raw telescope data represents the initial data stage (Level 0 data) of the VLBI processing chain, consisting of correlation, fringe-fitting, and geodetic/astrometric parameter estimation. Any systematic effects which are compensated and used for parameter estimation within this chain, are present in the raw telescope data streams. The group delay, although the primary geodetic VLBI observable, can be considered to be the most prominent effect. In this publication, we present a new software package implemented in MATLAB that can simulate raw telescope data for VLBI. The software is called VieRDS (https://github.com/TUW-VieVS/VieRDS) and features tools to simulate a delay, a delay rate, a phase offset, and a frequency response of arbitrary magnitude for each channel of the telescope data stream. The signal model consists of a radio source component of selectable flux density, a system noise component, and a phase calibration signal. Furthermore, a tool for one and two bit quantization and a module to store the simulated data in VDIF data format is implemented. For the first time, the simulation of a dispersive group delay for a VGOS broadband frequency setup, and the simulation of the characteristic station frequency response of two VGOS telescopes are shown for demonstration purposes. The simulated data can be correlated and fringe-fitted by commonly used VLBI software correlators and fringe-fitting programs. VieRDS is thus an ideal tool for testing hypotheses of adverse observational effects in a controlled environment by deliberately causing these effects and studying the responses in the correlator output. In this article, we focus on the description of the key characteristic of the simulation concept, the digital signal creation, the digital signal processing algorithms, and the software architecture.
Method of Wavelet Analysis of Time Series to Assess the Effectiveness of the Country’s Energy Security
Authors: Komissarova M A , Storozhuk I N , Kulikov M M 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article addresses the problems of energy security at the level of Russian regions, which is a particularly urgent in modern economic conditions characterized by global digitalization processes. In this case, the problem arises the need to develop mathematical tools for planning and assessing energy security in conditions of high uncertainty and fluctuations of the studied parameters of the external environment.The paper presents the mathematical justification for the use of wavelet analysis and the construction of spaces of scaling functions in order to obtain the theorem of multifunctional analysis of economic parameters and indicators of regional energy security, based on many intervals and determining the corresponding wavelet spaces.
Application Possibilities and Standardization Features for Lean Methods in Service Industries
Authors: Kotlyarova E A , Mekhantseva K F , Markin L S , Otrishko M O 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The article attempts to analyze the application of lean manufacturing tools and techniques in the service sector for their further standardization. Initially, lean manufacturing arose and found application at industrial enterprises, and for some time it was believed that lean processes work effectively only in the manufacturing sector. However, the examples of the application of lean manufacturing tools in practice, given in this article, make it possible to show their effectiveness even in such an area of economic activity as the service sector, the specialty of which is the intangibility, intangibility of the service itself. The analysis showed that almost all the methods given in the standard are applicable and effective for the service sector. The peculiarity of the lean manufacturing tools and methods application for the service sector was at the initial stage the correct and reliable value determination of the service as a product. The possibilities of lean manufacturing tools using in various service sectors were analyzed on the specific examples, taking into account international and national standards in the field of lean manufacturing and activities classified at the national level. The main directions of standardization of lean manufacturing tools in the service sector are proposed.
PAES -Nature Similar Technology for Creation of the New Technosphere
Authors: Sandrykina O S , Ivanova O Ya , Manchuk E P 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this article the author’s technique of introduction of "nature similar" technologies which will give the chance to overcome a threshold of synchronous expenses is offered. Simultaneous interaction of technologically combined productions will allow to gain synergetic effect. The main link connecting new technologies the personal autonomous ecological system (PAES) is designed to become.
The personal autonomous ecological system, in economic sense, is a personal subsidiary farm, expanded and technically equipped. The list, the values made in personal ecological system increases. They in the set create the new quality of life inaccessible in former technological ways. Live organisms and lifeless substances, devices, designs are a part of personal autonomous ecological system. The system which adapts to needs and desires of the specific person functions. Physical parameters of system are supported at optimum level irrespective of weather changes, state of environment. Stability of the system provides repeated duplication of each resource from different sources, stocks of resources and a variety of their consumption. The system can be reconstructed and evolve. Everything depends on what objects are set for it.
Multi-objective optimization of laminar flow characteristics in helical coiled tubes based on NSGA-II
Authors: Yuan Yuyang , Wang Xuesheng , Cao Jiaming , Chen Qinzhu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
To meet the requirement of energy conservation and optimize the design of helical coils in laminar flow, the pitch, the coil radius and the average inlet velocity were selected as design parameters to obtain the tendency of the heat transfer and flow resistance characteristics of the helical coils. Heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop per unit length of helical coils were taken as the optimization objective functions. A multi-objective optimization model was established, three candidate points A, B and C were obtained based on Non-dominated Sorted Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA-II). The results showed that heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop per unit length increase with the pitch and inlet velocity whilst them decrease with coil radius, among which the influence of inlet velocity is the most obvious and the pitch is the least. It was found that the coil radius of most points in Pareto front was relatively concentrated. The comprehensive performance of candidate points A, B, C had been improved significantly by 16.3%, 28.3% and 19.6% respectively.
The Demographic Transition of Yunnan Province and its Influence on the Ecological Environment since Bronze Age to Modern Times
Authors: Zhang Fan , Ye Changbing , Lin Haitao 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Driven by the Industrial Revolution, the relationship between population and ecological environment is found an obvious brand new look as science technology takes part in human production and life as well as economic activities in modern times. It depicts a more distinct time characteristic than ever before. Consequently, the influence of Yunnan’s demographic transition on ecological environment is discussed under this period from two angles. One is demographic situation, and the other is human activities. The results showed that such negative impacts were undoubtedly caused by static demographic situation and dynamic human activities. And these impacts have become more profound with the development of science and technology.
Influence of Morphology and Doping of Titania Nano-porous Materials for Efficient Oxidation of Air Contaminants
Authors: Ghezzo F 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Air pollution is a global concern. Public and governments sensitivity to matters related to air pollution has been constantly increasing since the 1970’s. The urgency to lower greenhouses emissions in order to protect the environment and its wildlife while mitigating the impact of pollution on people’s health reflects into the growing private and government investment on green technologies for renewable energy and sustainable products. Along with CO2, there are other pollutants that affect the quality of the air we breathe. Among them, nitrogen oxides. To neutralize their effects, the research community has been synthesizing photocatalysts capable to oxidize them. The work focuses on the synthesis of doped titanium dioxide by sol gel method and on the influence of the calcination temperature on the final material photo-oxidation ability.