bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thresholds of temperature change for mass extinctions
Authors: Song Haijun , Kemp David B. , Tian Li , Chu Daoliang , Song Huyue , Dai Xu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractClimate change is a critical factor affecting biodiversity. However, the quantitative relationship between temperature change and extinction is unclear. Here, we analyze magnitudes and rates of temperature change and extinction rates of marine fossils through the past 450 million years (Myr). The results show that both the rate and magnitude of temperature change are significantly positively correlated with the extinction rate of marine animals. Major mass extinctions in the Phanerozoic can be linked to thresholds in climate change (warming or cooling) that equate to magnitudes >5.2 °C and rates >10 °C/Myr. The significant relationship between temperature change and extinction still exists when we exclude the five largest mass extinctions of the Phanerozoic. Our findings predict that a temperature increase of 5.2 °C above the pre-industrial level at present rates of increase would likely result in mass extinction comparable to that of the major Phanerozoic events, even without other, non-climatic anthropogenic impacts.
NK cells in hypoxic skin mediate a trade-off between wound healing and antibacterial defence
Authors: Sobecki Michal , Krzywinska Ewelina , Nagarajan Shunmugam , Audigé Annette , Huỳnh Khanh , Zacharjasz Julian , Debbache Julien , Kerdiles Yann , Gotthardt Dagmar , Takeda Norihiko , Fandrey Joachim , Sommer Lukas , Sexl Veronika , Stockmann Christian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDuring skin injury, immune response and repair mechanisms have to be coordinated for rapid skin regeneration and the prevention of microbial infections. Natural Killer (NK) cells infiltrate hypoxic skin lesions and Hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIFs) mediate adaptation to low oxygen. We demonstrate that mice lacking the Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α isoform in NK cells show impaired release of the cytokines Interferon (IFN)-γ and Granulocyte Macrophage - Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) as part of a blunted immune response. This accelerates skin angiogenesis and wound healing. Despite rapid wound closure, bactericidal activity and the ability to restrict systemic bacterial infection are impaired. Conversely, forced activation of the HIF pathway supports cytokine release and NK cell-mediated antibacterial defence including direct killing of bacteria by NK cells despite delayed wound closure. Our results identify, HIF-1α in NK cells as a nexus that balances antimicrobial defence versus global repair in the skin.
A curated dataset of modern and ancient high-coverage shotgun human genomes
Authors: Maisano Delser Pierpaolo , Jones Eppie R. , Hovhannisyan Anahit , Cassidy Lara , Pinhasi Ron , Manica Andrea 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOver the last few years, genome-wide data for a large number of ancient human samples have been collected. Whilst datasets of captured SNPs have been collated, high coverage shotgun genomes (which are relatively few but allow certain types of analyses not possible with ascertained captured SNPs) have to be reprocessed by individual groups from raw reads. This task is computationally intensive. Here, we release a dataset including 35 whole-genome sequenced samples, previously published and distributed worldwide, together with the genetic pipeline used to process them. The dataset contains 72,041,355 sites called across 19 ancient and 16 modern individuals and includes sequence data from four previously published ancient samples which we sequenced to higher coverage (10–18x). Such a resource will allow researchers to analyse their new samples with the same genetic pipeline and directly compare them to the reference dataset without re-processing published samples. Moreover, this dataset can be easily expanded to increase the sample distribution both across time and space.
A dataset on affiliation of venture capitalists in China between 2000 and 2016
Authors: Chen Jin , Chen Tianyuan , Song Yifei , Hao Bin , Ma Ling 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPrior literature emphasizes the distinct roles of differently affiliated venture capitalists (VCs) in nurturing innovation and entrepreneurship. Although China has become the second largest VC market in the world, the unavailability of high-quality datasets on VC affiliation in China’s market hinders such research efforts. To fill up this important gap, we compiled a new panel dataset of VC affiliation in China’s market from multiple data sources. Specifically, we drew on a list of 6,553 VCs that have invested in China between 2000 and 2016 from CVSource database, collected VC’s shareholder information from public sources, and developed a multi-stage procedure to label each VC as the following types: GVC (public agency-affiliated, state-owned enterprise-affiliated), CVC (corporate VC), IVC (independent VC), BVC (bank-affiliated VC), FVC (financial/non-bank-affiliated VC), UVC (university endowment/spin-out unit), and PenVC (pension-affiliated VC). We also denoted whether a VC has foreign background. This dataset helps researchers conduct more nuanced investigations into the investment behaviors of different VCs and their distinct impacts on innovation and entrepreneurship in China’s context.
Volcanic activity sparks the Arctic Oscillation
Authors: Qu Weizheng , Huang Fei , Zhao Jinping , Du Ling , Cao Yong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe parasol effect of volcanic dust and aerosol caused by volcanic eruption results in the deepening and strengthening of the Arctic vortex system, thus stimulating or strengthening the Arctic Oscillation (AO). Three of the strongest AOs in more than a century have been linked to volcanic eruptions. Every significant fluctuation of the AO index (AOI = ΔH_middle latitudes − ΔH_Arctic) for many years has been associated with a volcanic eruption. Volcanic activity occurring at different locations in the Arctic vortex circulation will exert different effects on the polar vortex.
Gamma-irradiated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate, OZG-38.61.3, confers protection from SARS-CoV-2 challenge in human ACEII-transgenic mice
Authors: Turan Raife Dilek , Tastan Cihan , Dilek Kancagi Derya , Yurtsever Bulut , Sir Karakus Gozde , Ozer Samed , Abanuz Selen , Cakirsoy Didem , Tumentemur Gamze , Demir Sevda , Seyis Utku , Kuzay Recai , Elek Muhammer , Kocaoglu Miyase Ezgi , Ertop Gurcan , Arbak Serap , Acikel Elmas Merve , Hemsinlioglu Cansu , Hatirnaz Ng Ozden , Akyoney Sezer , Sahin Ilayda , Kayhan Cavit Kerem , Tokat Fatma , Akpinar Gurler , Kasap Murat , Kocagoz Ayse Sesin , Ozbek Ugur , Telci Dilek , Sahin Fikrettin , Yalcin Koray , Ratip Siret , Ince Umit , Ovali Ercument 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe SARS-CoV-2 virus caused the most severe pandemic around the world, and vaccine development for urgent use became a crucial issue. Inactivated virus formulated vaccines such as Hepatitis A and smallpox proved to be reliable approaches for immunization for prolonged periods. In this study, a gamma-irradiated inactivated virus vaccine does not require an extra purification process, unlike the chemically inactivated vaccines. Hence, the novelty of our vaccine candidate (OZG-38.61.3) is that it is a non-adjuvant added, gamma-irradiated, and intradermally applied inactive viral vaccine. Efficiency and safety dose (either 1013 or 1014 viral RNA copy per dose) of OZG-38.61.3 was initially determined in BALB/c mice. This was followed by testing the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the vaccine. Human ACE2-encoding transgenic mice were immunized and then infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus for the challenge test. This study shows that vaccinated mice have lowered SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA copy numbers both in oropharyngeal specimens and in the histological analysis of the lung tissues along with humoral and cellular immune responses, including the neutralizing antibodies similar to those shown in BALB/c mice without substantial toxicity. Subsequently, plans are being made for the commencement of Phase 1 clinical trial of the OZG-38.61.3 vaccine for the COVID-19 pandemic.
Evaluation of genotype by environment interaction and adaptability in lowland irrigated rice hybrids for grain yield under high temperature
Authors: Senguttuvel P. , Sravanraju N. , Jaldhani V. , Divya B. , Beulah P. , Nagaraju P. , Manasa Y. , Prasad A. S. Hari , Brajendra P. , Gireesh C. , Anantha M. S. , Suneetha K. , Sundaram R. M. , Madhav M. Sheshu , Tuti M. D. , Subbarao L. V. , Neeraja C. N. , Bhadana V. P. , Rao P. R. , Voleti S. R. , Subrahmanyam D. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRecent predictions on climate change indicate that high temperature episodes are expected to impact rice production and productivity worldwide. The present investigation was undertaken to assess the yield stability of 72 rice hybrids and their parental lines across three temperature regimes over two consecutive dry seasons using the additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI), genotype and genotype × environment interaction (GGE) stability model analysis. The combined ANOVA revealed that genotype × environment interaction (GEI) were significant due to the linear component for most of the traits studied. The AMMI and GGE biplot explained 57.2% and 69% of the observed genotypic variation for grain yield, respectively. Spikelet fertility was the most affected yield contributing trait and in contrast, plant height and tiller numbers were the least affected traits. In case of spikelet fertility, grain yield and other yield contributing traits, male parent contributed towards heat tolerance of the hybrids compared to the female parent. The parental lines G74 (IR58025B), G83 (IR40750R), G85 (C20R) and hybrids [G21 (IR58025A × KMR3); G3 (APMS6A × KMR3); G57 (IR68897A × KMR3) and G41 (IR79156A × RPHR1005)] were the most stable across the environments for grain yield. They can be considered as potential genotypes for cultivation under high temperature stress after evaluating under multi location trials.
Motivational system modulates brain responses during exploratory decision-making
Authors: Li Chia-Wei , Lin Carol Yeh-Yun , Chang Ting-Ting , Yen Nai-Shing , Tan Danchi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractManagers face risk in explorative decision-making and those who are better at such decisions can achieve future viability. To understand what makes a manager effective at explorative decision-making requires an analysis of the manager’s motivational characteristics. The behavioral activation/inhibition system (BAS/BIS), fitting the motivational orientation of “approach” or “avoidance,” can affect individual decision-making. However, very little is known about the neural correlates of BAS/BIS orientation and their interrelationship with the mental activity during explorative decision-making. We conducted an fMRI study on 111 potential managers to investigate how the brain responses of explorative decision-making interact with BAS/BIS. Participants were separated into high- and low-performance groups based on the median exploration-score. The low-performance group showed significantly higher BAS than that of the high-performance group, and its BAS had significant negative association with neural networks related to reward-seeking during explorative decision-making. Moreover, the BIS of the low-performance group was negatively correlated with the activation of cerebral regions responding to risk-choice during explorative decision-making. Our finding showed that BAS/BIS was associated with the brain activation during explorative decision-making only in the low-performance group. This study contributed to the understanding of the micro-foundations of strategically relevant decision-making and has an implication for management development.
Fabrication of silver helix microstructures in a large area by a two-photon absorption DLW method
Authors: Tsutsumi Naoto , Takai Yusaku , Kinashi Kenji , Sakai Wataru 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLarge-area helix microstructures intended for metamaterials were fabricated using a negative photoresist, SU-8 using a two photon absorption direct laser writing (TPA-DLW). Two types of helix structures were fabricated. One type is those with no neighboring distance. In this case, compact helix structures with radius of 2.5 and 1.0 μm were fabricated. Another type is those with enough neighboring distance. The helix structures with shorter neighboring distance below 6.0 μm were collapsed, whereas those with longer neighboring distance more than 6.5 μm, free-standing helix structures could successfully be built. To stabilize the fabricated free-standing helix microstructures with a 1 μm radius, circular foundations with a radius of 1.3 μm and elevation angle of 10, 12, or 14° were built in advance. The foundation is useful to avoid collapsing the helix microstructures. Due to the useful foundation, over 18,000 helical structures were fabricated in a large area. The fabricated helical structures were coated with silver using an electroless plating method to produce 3D metallic helix structures. Silver coating was measured using a EDX measurement. The obtained helical structures have the potential for metamaterials to control the handedness of a circularly polarized infrared beam.
Impedance analysis of current return networks in composite aircraft based on partial element equivalent circuit
Authors: Yang Zhangang , Zhang Qihao , Sui Zheng , Shi Xudong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn order to calculate the impedance of metal return network connected with composite skin, the volume based partial element equivalent circuit method is used to model the return network, and the impedance between the nodes of the return network at different frequencies is calculated. The influence of the contact resistance between the elements of the current return networks on the impedance is also considered. Moreover, the influence of some component parameters on impedance is analysed. The calculation results verify the applicability of the algorithm and the correctness of the calculation results and provide some references for the composite aircraft current return networks in the fault management and electrical protection system design.
Synthetic aperture radar image change detection based on convolutional‐curvelet neural network and partial graph‐cut
Authors: Jia Meng , Zhang Cheng , Zhao Zhiqiang , Wang Lei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSynthetic aperture radar (SAR) images are widely applied in change detection tasks because of SAR's active imaging mechanism. However, SAR images suffer from speckle noise due to SAR reception coherence from distributed targets. This property of SAR increases the uncertainty of the image pixels, making it difficult to accurately detect the changed regions from the background. To address this issue, this letter proposes a novel SAR image change detection method based on a convolutional‐curvelet neural network (CurveCNet) and partial graph‐cut. The curvelet transform is introduced into the convolutional neural network to retain the structural information in the SAR images and to suppress the speckle noise. In addition, to combine the merits of various difference images, training samples are jointly constructed and fed into the neural network for it to learn the implicit common hierarchical features. Finally, the partial graph‐cut approach is proposed to refine the pixel labels in the fuzzy region and inhibit outliers on the background for the resultant change map. Visual and quantitative results obtained on two real SAR image datasets have demonstrated the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method.
The study on the anti‐impact performance of the oscillating buoy with various air cushions
Authors: Song Ruiyin , Ren Congjie , Ma Xiao , Qiu Liyang , Lin Zuan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractViolent waves in ocean sometimes cause huge shocks to the oscillating buoy and cause its damage. Improving the structure of buoy is a common method to reduce the impact of water on buoy. This paper focuses on how to reduce the peak impact force and improve the survivability of oscillating buoy in ocean environment. Considering the air layer between oscillating buoy and water surface, the impact of buoy into water is taken as the research point in the paper. The corresponding mathematical model is established, and the analysis shows that the air cushion can greatly reduce the peak impact force of buoy. The finite element model of buoy is established, and the constant velocity entry of a series of buoys with different air cushion structures is calculated. First of all, the air cushions with different shapes are compared, the qualitative analysis shows that the air cushion of cylindrical shape has the excellent anti‐impact performance. Then, the air cushion structure with different volume was analysed, and the influence of different air cushion volume on the peak impact force of buoy entering water was quantified. It is concluded that the effect of reducing peak of air cushion increases with the increase of air cushion volume. Furthermore, a test bench for the impact of buoy into water was set up for experiments, and similar conclusions were obtained. Besides, it is found that the improvement of the impact resistance of air cushion slows down as the volume of air cushion increases, and there is an upper limit which is positively correlated with the impact velocity of buoy.
Modelling and control of vanadium redox flow battery for smoothing wind power fluctuation
Authors: Gu Feng‐Chang , Chen Hung‐Cheng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDue to the negative impact of a highly stochastic wind power fluctuation on the power quality and stability during high penetration of wind power in power systems, there is growing interest in power smoothing and energy redistribution in wind power systems by using large‐scale energy storage technologies. The aim of this work is to use a vanadium redox flow battery as an energy storage system (ESS) to smooth wind power fluctuation with two system configurations and corresponding control strategies. As the first step, a vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) mathematical model, underlain by electrochemical theories, is built to describe the battery behaviours in charge/discharge cycles. Accordingly, the aforementioned system configuration and power fluctuation smoothing schemes are proposed. At the end of this work, simulations are conducted on a 3.6 MW doubly‐fed induction generator (DFIG) at a diversity of wind speeds for an assessment of feasibility that this work can be applied to a high penetration of wind power in practice. Simulation results reveal that power fluctuations can be improved by power smoothing. The root mean square deviation (RMSD) percentage can be reduced to less than 1%.
Control of linear generator based on hysteresis‐SVPWM current rectification and bidirectional buck/boost converter used for energy storage
Authors: Ali Murad , Haitao Yu , Yao Wang , Yilin Yang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe free‐piston Stirling linear generation system has tremendous applications in space power supply, biomass generation, solar thermal generation, factory waste heat generation, and other industrial fields. However, the free‐piston Stirling linear generation system suffered from the disadvantages of fluctuation of output electric energy and self‐starting. To solve the aforesaid problems, a two‐level electric energy conversion control mode which combines three‐phase AC/DC and bidirectional buck/boost DC to DC converter is proposed in this paper to make the generation system with stable output DC power. Then, both the linear and non‐linear mathematical model of the free‐piston Stirling engine are established. Additionally, to improve the performance of frequency and displacement tracking, the traditional proportional‐integral (PI) in the position loop is replaced by Proportional Resonance (PR) controller. Moreover, the Hysteresis‐SVPWM current control strategy with high robustness and dynamic response is applied to the rectifier to realize the unit power factor control of the AC side of the generator and the stability and controllability of the DC side voltage. Finally, the three‐phase voltage Source Rectifier (VSR) and Bi‐directional DC/DC with an appropriate inductance and capacitance for energy storage are modelled. The effectiveness of the proposed system is validated using theoretical analysis and simulations in Matlab.
Forensische und strafrechtliche Konsequenzen des Missbrauchs von Stimulanzien
Authors: Dominik Philipp , Waßmer Martin P. , Soyka Michael , Franke Andreas G. 
Published: August 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGPharmakologisches Neuroenhancement (PN) beschreibt die Einnahme diverser psychotroper Substanzen zur geistigen Leistungssteigerung, ohne dass dafür eine medizinische Notwendigkeit bestünde. Dazu werden vor allem Stimulanzien (Methylxanthintyp wie Koffein und Amphetamintyp wie Methylphenidat, Amphetamine) sowie Nichtstimulanzien (z. B. Antidementiva, Antidepressiva und Phytopharmaka wie Ginkgo biloba) sowie Modafinil ge- bzw. missbraucht. Auch wenn die rechtliche Situation facettenreich ist, indiziert die Einnahme von Substanzen, die zum PN eingenommen werden, nicht stets die Anwendung des Strafrechts. Sowohl die indikationslose Einnahme von frei erhältlichen Over-the-Counter-Drugs (OTC-Drugs) sowie verschreibungspflichtigen Substanzen als auch von Betäubungsmitteln ist bislang weitgehend straffrei.
Missbrauch und Abhängigkeit von Benzodiazepinen und Z-Drugs
Authors: Soyka Michael 
Published: August 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGMissbrauch und Abhängigkeit von Sedativa und Hypnotika sind klinisch häufig (Prävalenz ca. 2%), insbesondere von Benzodiazepinen und Non-Benzodiazepin-Hypnotika (Z-Drugs). Beide Substanzgruppen haben ältere und weit toxischere Sedativa und Hypnotika wie Barbiturate und Meprobamat zu Recht verdrängt. Benzodiazepine wie Z-Drugs entfalten ihre Wirkung über den inhibitorischen GABA-Rezeptor und können beide eine erhebliche Toleranz induzieren, was klinisch zu Dosissteigerungen, physischer und psychischer Abhängigkeit, Kontrollverlust sowie Entzugssymptomen führen kann. Prädisponierende Faktoren sind neben dem Geschlecht, Frauen sind häufiger betroffen, vor allem psychiatrische und psychosomatische Erkrankungen, insbesondere Angst und Schlafstörungen, aber auch psychosomatische Störungen und chronische Schmerzerkrankungen. Besonders häufig und lange werden Benzodiazepine älteren Patienten verschrieben, entgegen aller Leitlinienempfehlungen.Therapeutisch gesichert ist, dass bei Benzodiazepinabhängig-keit ein langsames Ausschleichen über viele Wochen, manchmal sogar Monate notwendig ist. Ansonsten können erhebliche Entzugserscheinungen inklusive epileptischen Anfällen, Psychosen und Delire auftreten. Das Entzugssyndrom bei Sedativa und Hypnotika ist sehr vielgestaltig mit Depression, Agitation, innerer Unruhe und Perzeptions-und Schlafstörungen als häufigen Symptomen. Die übrige Therapie ist pragmatisch und richtet sich nach den zugrunde liegenden psychischen Störungen und Entzugssymptomen. Im Wesentlichen werden Antidepressiva eingesetzt. Kurzzeitinterventionen werden empfohlen. Psychotherapeutisch haben sich Psychoedukation, kognitive Verhaltenstherapie oder motivationale Therapien bewährt.