bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seismic performance of pervious concrete column improved ground in mitigating liquefaction
Authors: Rashma RSV , Jayalekshmi B R , Shivashankar R 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper investigates the performance of pervious concrete column improved ground subjected to seismic loading. The seismic performance of pervious concrete column improved ground is also compared with conventional stone column improved ground in responses of lateral displacement, excess pore pressure, ground surface acceleration, shear stress-strain behaviour and stress path. A fully saturated mildly sloping sand strata is considered as unimproved ground. OpenSeesPL software is used to analyse soil models representing unimproved ground and improved ground with stone column and pervious concrete column inclusions. It is found that the pervious concrete column improved ground has better seismic performance than stone column improved ground. The lateral displacement of ground is found to be significantly reduced while using pervious concrete column. Also the use of pervious concrete column has reduced excess pore pressure generation than stone column indicating that the improved ground with pervious concrete column inclusion is efficient in mitigating liquefaction than conventional stone column improved ground.
One dimensional hydrodynamic modelling of pamba river for identifying the flood vulnerability
Authors: Anju B , Drissia T K , Nowshaja P T 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Hydrodynamic modelling is a powerful tool to understand and analyse a river flow and its conditions. The identification of flood vulnerability areas of Pamba river helps to minimize the damages associated with the flood. A hydrodynamic river model was customised and calibrated for the river Pamba in Kerala using MIKE HYDRO River model. The model was calibrated using Manning’s roughness coefficient. In this study, we utilize the time series of daily discharge and water level of different gauging station of Centre Water Commission at Kallooppara, Malakkara, Thumpamon and water level data of Thottappalli spillway. The SRTM DEM was used to generate the flood model for the period June to August 2010. The model performance was assessed by comparing observed and stimulated water level at the upstream and downstream of the river. The correlation coefficient value obtained in the range of 0.53 to 0.94. The outcomes of the study can benefit future modelling effort through the provision of robust tool to predict water levels at various points of the river. This study can help the water resources policy makers for arriving at suitable mitigation measures.
Blue and green water security assessment of Karuvannur watershed
Authors: Anjana R , Reeba T 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Water security is referred as the availability of sufficient amount of good quality water to cater all ecosystem services with a tolerable level of water related risks; whereas water scarcity is defined as the ratio of water demand over water availability which is an indirect indicator of water security [1]. In order to assess the water security in terms of its specific use and availability, it is classified in to blue and green water. For this, the various components of blue and green water are calculated and water security in terms of blue and green water is assessed separately using ArcSWAT software. The crop water requirement is assessed using CROPWAT model. It is observed that in the study area, both blue and green water is secure in the current scenario but green water is less secure when compared to blue water. Therefore more attention is to be given for the conservation of green water in the study area. Since the scarcity value shows an increasing trend, stringent measures are to be initiated for water conservation henceforth, in order to assure a sustainable water security in the coming future.
Regulating natural resource consumption in the construction sector using emergy model
Authors: Thomas Tilba , Praveen A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The rising demand for infrastructural facilities and housing units across the world has resulted in increased pressure on environment due to the uncontrolled and unregulated exploitation of natural resources. A sustainable resource use framework for the construction industry is essential to ensure the regional economic progress without compromising environmental sustainability. Judicious regulation of the resource use is possible only through evolving appropriate parameters to represent the resource consumptive pattern that could be used both by the planners and the regulators. In this connection, several tools and techniques have emerged that are used to assess the resource use and suggest both the economic and environmental implications of the material choice. Among them, emergy analysis has been successfully used to understand the current state of resource use and its associated impacts on the environment. The current form of emergy based descriptions are independent of the time scale and hence a real-time evaluation of the impact of material use often turns out to be unsuccessful. The environmental damages that are reported in these regions are often due to the uncontrolled rate of extraction and the emergy evaluations need to incorporate the rate of extraction of resources across different time scales. An approach to estimate the emergy at different time scales based on the prevailing consumption rates is proposed in this paper which would enable the regulators/planners to assess the current resource use pattern and suggest alternate pathways of material use to ensure the sustainability of construction sector.
Need based approach: a perspective for sustainable housing
Authors: Sujith K M , Biju C A , Varma Subhash C R , Dili A S 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Population growth and urbanisation have been causing tremendous stress on urban housing. Over the years, housing construction has emerged as an industry and became a major contributor to pollution, environmental issues and resource depletion. There is a threat of exhausting resources with respect to housing construction. A quick glance at the housing scenario, it can be observed that there is a huge disparity in demand and supply of housing, which is more evident across the less affordable classes of society. While there is shortage in supply for the urban poor, there is over utilisation of resources to satisfy the requirements of those who could spend beyond their affordability confines. This need to be addressed with respect to the resource allocation and such an attempt requires an understanding of human requirement for housing beyond the basic desires and needs. Various studies in social science and economics have put forward theories to explain the human needs, which can be found useful in understanding the housing needs also. This paper attempts to understand such theories and frameworks on human needs and develop a sustainable approach to refine the housing requirements across different socio cultural and economic categories. Based on the studies, a broad framework is proposed categorizing human housing needs into normative, comparative, felt and expressed which can be analysed based on personal economic and socio cultural attributes. Such a framework shall help the society address the conditions of imbalance in a broader standpoint with long-term benefits.
Recent developments in ejector refrigeration system
Authors: Manoj P J , Lijo V 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Ejector refrigeration system (ERS) is one of the major methods of refrigeration. It finds its maximum application in industries because it makes use of heat energy as input for refrigeration. ERS is also known as steam jet refrigeration because earlier only steam was used as working fluid. But latest developments offers make use of a variety of working fluids. Recent research results show that there is a large scope for improving efficiency and utility of the system with different working fluids. If suitable working fluid is selected, the ERS can make use of low temperature source like solar energy as input source. A large number of numerical and experimental works are actively going on in the field of ERS. The utilisation of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software like ANSYS FLUENT has very much simplified the research activities of ERS. The effect of geometric design modifications of major components like nozzle or throat can be easily studied with the help of CFD software. This paper reviews the recent research and development in the area of ERS.
Influence of Rogers’ theory of innovation of diffusion on customer’s purchase intention – a case study of solar photovoltaic panels
Authors: Menon Nirmal M , Sujatha I 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The key objective of utilizing sustainable energy in a developing country like India is to enhance economic growth and development, energy security, access to clean energy and to alleviate environmental problems. Sustainable growth of a nation is possible only through the adoption of renewable energy technologies and by providing access to these technologies to all the citizens. This paper discusses how the product attributes described by Rogers’ theory of innovation of diffusion such as the relative advantage of technology, compatibility, complexity, observability, and trialability influence consumer’s intention to diffuse solar panels. A questionnaire survey consisting of 23 questions has been designed and it was administered to 63 adopters of solar panels in the Thrissur district of Kerala. After the collection of data, reliability test and factor analysis were conducted for determining the reliability and validity of the questionnaire. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to determine the relationship between the purchase intention of customers with five sub-factors under product attributes as specified by Rogers’ theory of innovation diffusion. The results obtained from the analysis showed that compatibility and trialability of a product significantly influence the intention to purchase the solar panels.
Experimental study and optimization of thermal and tribological properties of epoxy hybrid polymer composite reinforced with micro sized ZrB2 and PTFE particles
Authors: Narayanan Aswathi A , Sudheesh R S 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Epoxy based materials have been extensively used in the friction parts and oil free applications. High local temperature due to the increased wear and coefficient of friction adversely affect the service life of parts. In this study, the thermal and tribological performance of epoxy composite reinforced with Zirconium Diboride (ZrB2)and Polytetrafluroethylene (PTFE) particlesis investigated. Under a load of 40 N and 1.25m/s sliding speed, the optimum content 5.939 vol% of PTFE and 5.002 vol% of ZrB2, yields an ultralow coefficient of friction (COF) in conjunction with a low wear rate of composite. Optimized value of Coefficient of friction (COF) and wear rate using Central composite-response surface methodology (RSM) are0.182 and 0.00033 mm3/Nm respectively. The increase in thermal conductivity is due to the addition of ultra-high-temperature ceramic ZrB2 particles and solid lubricant PTFE. The optimum composition of the composite can reduce the adhesive wear and high local temperature due to friction which help to enhance the service life of tribological parts.
Estimation of effective young’s modulus based on 3-D finite element model with particle-matrix interface for metal matrix composites
Authors: Irfan Ahammed K P , Narayanan Aswathy A , Sudheesh R S 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Effective Young’s Moduli of composite materials are estimated by variety of methods so far. This work attempts to estimate the Effective Young’s Modulus of aluminium356 with silicon carbide particle (SiCp) Metal Matrix Composite (MMC) with different particle aspect ratios using a simplified finite element model. Simplifications were made in terms of geometry of the particle. An improved model of the composite with an interface between the particle and the matrix was then developed and used to compare the results with the simplified model. The results were validated with experimental results, and the predicted values obtained from the Rule of Mixtures and the Halpin–Tsai (HT) model. The Young’s moduli estimated by considering the interface geometry in 3-D model is found to have better agreement with the experimental values than the simplified model at higher aspect ratios. The improvement in the results of the 3-D model with interface considerations is expected to make the model suitable for advanced studies.
A review on gas-generants for application in exploding fire extinguisher balls
Authors: Muhammed Afnas , Sreelakshmi Paruvayakode , Praseeda P N , Jishnu  , Shan S 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Fire is a highly exothermic reaction caused due to the rapid oxidation of a flammable substance. The mechanism of fire can be explained well with the help of a Fire Triangle comprised of the Source, Heat and Oxygen. Fire is complete and active only when all these three components are present simultaneously. There are numerous methods employed to extinguish fire, by depriving the fire of one or more of the components of the fire triangle. Recent technologies have emerged which makes use of a solid chemical mixture, placedinside a shell, which explodes when the chemical decomposes on being thrown into a fire and floodsthe fire surface with an inert gas which is a product of the decomposition. The chemical decomposes by absorbing heat from fire. Nitrogen or other non-toxic gases gets released and puts out the fire by rapidly expanding and forming a blanket around the source of fire replacing Oxygen. The light weight, portability, easy and quick deployment and the release of non-toxic by-product are the advantages of the Fire Extinguishing Shells over the conventional ones. This paper presents a review of various chemicals that can be used can potentially be used in such fire extinguishing shells.
Comparative study on iron removal using chemically and greenly synthesised zero-valent iron nanoparticles
Authors: Jismy Antony , Meera V , RaphaelVinod P 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
As an adsorbent, the nano zero-valent iron (nZVI) has gained attention among researchers for the removal of pollutants like metallic ions from water. The high surface area and resulting high reactivity of nZVI make it a promising material for water/wastewater treatment. The uptake behaviour of iron on nZVI has not been investigated so far. The aim of the study is to compare greenly synthesised (GnZVI) and chemically synthesised (CnZVI) nano zero-valent iron in terms of size, functional groups and stability and to explore the feasibility of utilizing it for iron removal from water. In this study, the liquid-phase reduction technique was used to synthesis nZVI. Sodium borohydride as well as Amaranthus Dubius leaf extract were used as the reductants in this process. Characterization study of nZVI was performed using UV, FTIR, XRD and TEM. The peaks obtained at 312 nm and 316 nm in UV-Vis spectrum for chemically and greenly synthesised particles respectively, confirmed the formation of nanoparticles. The FTIR spectrum revealed the presence of C=O, C-O stretching and – CH bending vibrations of bonds. It was found that the CnZVI nanoparticles were largely spherical with size ranging from 80 nm-99 nm whereas GnZVI nanoparticles were in the range of 1nm-3nm. For an influent total iron concentration of 0.5ppm with Fe2+/Fe3+ ratio as 2.5:0.5, total iron removal efficiencies of 54.00% and 35.19% were achieved by CnZVI and GnZVI respectively, at pH of 6.85 and contact time of 3 hours.
Efficacy of nanochitosan impregnated polyurethane foam in removing phosphate from aqueous solutions
Authors: Anjali P Sasidharan , Meera V , Vinod P Raphael 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A novel potential adsorbent was developed by impregnating chitosan nanoparticles on polyurethane foam (PFC) for the reduction of phosphate in aqueous solutions. The emergence of nanoparticles was first confirmed by the ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. The mean size of chitosan nanoparticles between 56 nm and 112 nm was provided by the field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The presence of specific elements (C, O, P) in PFC before and after treatment was determined by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. The interplay between amino groups in PFC and phosphate ions during adsorption was identified by the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of PFC showed nearly the same pattern before and after treatment, indicating the stability of sorbent. The point of zero charge experiment described the positive surface charge of PFC below pH 7.4. The experimental studies showed that phosphate removal efficiency by PFC increases from 35.04% to 69.78% with the decrease of influent phosphate concentration from 150 mg/L to 3 mg/L at contact time 6 h and pH 6.5. Hence PFC can be considered as an effective sorbent for removing phosphate at lower concentrations.
Modelling and simulation of SISO model prosthetic limb by Open Modelica an acausal and cyber physical modelling language
Authors: Reji Sachu , Sibichan Sanu K , Raju Vargheses Lejo , Venkatesh V , Madhukumar T K 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Design of cost effective transradial prosthesis has been in the research field for some time. Instead of complex systems with less dexterity, we put forth a design considering solely the wrist movement of the prosthetic hand, driven by a flex sensor-Arduino system which translates the motion of natural hand to the prosthetic one. Objective of this paper is to conduct a simulation experiment of this design, using Open Modelica, by creating a virtual lab environment. This paper describes the present state of the research, simulation along with the results obtained and the conclusions we could reach at this period in comparison with the initial hypothesis.
Physical, optical and structural characterizations of Dy3+-doped lead borate glasses
Authors: Chopra Neetu , Kaur Sandeep , Pandey O P , Sharma Gopi , Sharma Surbhi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In the current studies optical, physical and structural properties of rare-earth doped borate glasses have been reported. Bulk samples were prepared by using melt quenching technique with nominal composition 70B2O3-(17-x)ZnO-10PbF2-3Na2O-xDyF3 and 60B2O3-(27-x)ZnO-10PbF2-3Na2O-xDyF3, where (x=0,1). XRD analysis was used to confirm the amorphous nature of prepared samples. Optical and structural properties of as prepared samples were studied using UV-Visible and FTIR absorption spectra. The undoped and doped glasses exhibit characteristic absorption bands due to the presence of rare earth ion. A decrease in the band gap has been observed with the addition of rare earth ion. Variations in density have been observed with the addition of rare earth ion.
Multiplexing physical stimulation on single human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes for phenotype modulation
Authors: Kit-Anan Worrapong , Mazo Manuel M , Wang Brian X , Leonardo Vincent , Pence Isaac J , Gopal Sahana , Gelmi Amy , Nagelkerke Anika , Becce Michele , Chiappini Ciro , Harding Sian E , Terracciano Cesare M , Stevens Molly M 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Traditional in vitro bioengineering approaches whereby only individual biophysical cues are manipulated at any one time are highly inefficient, falling short when recapitulating the complexity of the cardiac environment. Multiple biophysical cues are present in the native myocardial niche and are essential during development, as well as in maintenance of adult cardiomyocyte (CM) phenotype in both health and disease. This study establishes a novel biofabrication workflow to study and manipulate hiPSC-CMs and to understand how these cells respond to a multiplexed biophysical environment, namely 3D shape and substrate stiffness, at a single cell level. Silicon masters were fabricated and developed to generate inverse patterns of the desired 3D shapes in bas relief, which then were used to mold the designed microwell arrays into a hydrogel. Polyacrylamide (PAAm) was modified with the incorporation of acrylic acid to provide a carboxylic group conjugation site for adhesion motifs, without compromising capacity to modulate stiffness. In this manner, two individual parameters can be finely tuned independently within the hydrogel: the shape of the 3D microwell and its stiffness. The design allows the platform to isolate single hiPSC-CMs to study solely biophysical cues in the absence of cell-cell physical interaction. Under physiologic-like physical conditions (3D shape resembling that of adult CM and 9.83 kPa substrate stiffness that mimics muscle stiffness), isolated single hiPSC-CMs exhibit increased Cx-43 density, cell membrane stiffness and calcium transient amplitude; co-expression of the subpopulation-related MYL2-MYL7 proteins; and higher anisotropism than cells in pathologic-like conditions (flat surface and 112 kPa substrate stiffness). This demonstrates that supplying a physiologic or pathologic microenvironment to an isolated single hiPSC-CM in the absence of any physical cell-to-cell communication in this biofabricated platform leads to a significantly different set of cellular features, thus presenting a differential phenotype. Importantly, this demonstrates the high plasticity of hiPSC-CMs even in isolation. The ability of multiple biophysical cues to significantly influence isolated single hiPSC-CM phenotype and functionality highlights the importance of fine-tuning such cues for specific applications. This has the potential to produce more fit-for-purpose hiPSC-CMs. Further understanding of human cardiac development is enabled by the robust, versatile and reproducible biofabrication techniques applied here. We envision that this system could be easily applied to other tissues and cell types where the influence of cellular shape and stiffness of the surrounding environment is hypothesized to play an important role in physiology.
Role of charge doping and strain in the stabilization of in-plane ferromagnetism in monolayer

VSe2

at room temperature
Authors: Memarzadeh S , Roknabadi M Rezaee , Modarresi M , Mogulkoc A , Rudenko A N 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We study the origin of in-plane ferromagnetism in monolayer VSe2 focusing on the effect of charge doping and mechanical strain. We start from an anisotropic spin Hamiltonian, estimate its parameters from density functional calculations, and determine the spectrum of spin-wave excitations. We show that 1T-VSe2 is characterized by relatively strong on-site Coulomb repulsion (U ≃ 5 eV), favoring an antiferromagnetic ground state, which contradicts experimental observations. We calculate the magnetic phase diagram as a function of charge doping and strain, and find a transition to the ferromagnetic state with in-plane easy axis under moderate hole doping (∼1014 cm−2). Analysis of spin-wave excitations in doped monolayer VSe2 reveals a gap due to the in-plane anisotropy, giving rise to long-range magnetic order well above 300 K, in agreement with recent experiments. Our findings suggest that experimentally available 1T-VSe2 monolayer samples might be intrinsically or extrinsically doped, which opens up the possibility for a controllable manipulation of their magnetic properties.