bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance of the CYBERLEGs motorized lower limb prosthetic device during simulated daily activities
Authors: Ghillebert Jo , Geeroms Joost , Flynn Louis , De Bock Sander , Govaerts Renée , Lathouwers Elke , Crea Simona , Vitiello Nicola , Lefeber Dirk , Meeusen Romain , De Pauw Kevin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
The CYBERLEGs-gamma (CLs-ɣ) prosthesis has been developed to investigate the possibilities of powerful active prosthetics in restoring human gait capabilities after lower limb amputation.

Objective
The objective of this study was to determine the performance of the CLs-ɣ prosthesis during simulated daily activities.

Methods
Eight participants with a transfemoral amputation (age: 55 ± 15 years, K-level 3, registered under: NCT03376919) performed a familiarization session, an experimental session with their current prosthesis, three training sessions with the CLs-ɣ prosthesis and another experimental session with the CLs-ɣ prosthesis. Participants completed a stair-climbing-test, a timed-up-and-go-test, a sit-to stand-test, a 2-min dual-task and a 6-min treadmill walk test.

Results
Comparisons between the two experimental sessions showed that stride length significantly increased during walking with the CLs-ɣ prosthesis (p = .012) due to a greater step length of the amputated leg (p = .035). Although a training period with the prototype was included, preferred walking speed was significantly slower (p = .018), the metabolic cost of transport was significantly higher (p = .028) and reaction times significantly worsened (p = .012) when walking with the CLs-ɣ compared to the current prosthesis.

Conclusions
It can be stated that a higher physical and cognitive effort were required when wearing the CLs-ɣ prosthesis. Positive outcomes were observed regarding stride length and stair ambulation. Future prosthetics development should minimize the weight of the device and integrate customized control systems. A recommendation for future research is to include several shorter training periods or a prolonged adaptation period.
Inhibition of F3 Layer at Low Latitude Station Sanya During Recovery Phase of Geomagnetic Storms
Authors: Jin Yuyan , Zhao Biqiang , Li Guozhu , Li Zishen , Zhou Xu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA special F2 layer stratification structure named F3 layer occurs frequently in equatorial and low latitude ionosphere during summer daytime. In this study, a new phenomenon of decreasing occurrence of the F3 layer, and narrowing differences of virtual heights between the F3 and F2 layers in the recovery phase of geomagnetic storms is reported. We named this phenomenon as the inhibition of F3 layer event (IFLE). Using the ionosonde observations during summer of 2012–2015 at Sanya (18.3°N, 109.6°E, dip latitude 12.6°N), we found that IFLE occurred during 14 geomagnetic storms (−127 nT ≤ Dstmin ≤ −22 nT), which was accompanied by the thinning and lowering bottom ionosphere, and decreasing the crest‐to‐trough ratio of total electron content (TEC). Together with the ion drift data measured by Defense Meteorological Satellite Program F18, we suggest that the IFLE is mainly caused by the westward disturbance dynamo electric field (DDEF; downward drift velocity), taking disadvantage of the formation of the F3 layer. The observed decrease in the crest‐to‐trough ratio of TEC also indicates that the westward DDEF should prompt IFLE by providing less plasma from the equatorial region to the low latitude. Hence, IFLE then can be a good indicator to show how the magnetosphere‐ionospheric coupling process affects the low and equatorial ionosphere. Notably, the results also indicate that even a very weak geomagnetic storm can generate significant changes in ionospheric state at low latitude.
Cross‐Validating Hydromechanical Models and Tracer Test Assessments of Hyporheic Exchange Flow in Streams With Different Hydromorphological Characteristics
Authors: Morén I. , Riml J. , Wörman A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHyporheic exchange flow (HEF) can generally be quantified through two different approaches. The first approach, which is deductive, entails physically based models, supported with relevant observations. The second approach includes inductive assessments of stream tracer tests using solute transport models, which provide a useful mathematical framework that allows for upscaling of results, but included parameters often have a vague physical base, which limits the possibilities of generalizing results using independent hydromorphological observations. To better understand how the physical basis of HEF‐quantifying parameters relates to stream hydromorphology at different spatial scales, we cross‐validated the results from (a) tracer test assessments using a 1D solute transport model that accounts for HEF and (b) an independent hydromechanical model that represents HEF driven by multiscale pressure gradients along the streambed interface. To parameterize the models, topographical surveys, tracer tests, and streambed hydraulic conductivity measurements were performed in 10 stream reaches, differing in terms of geomorphology, slope, and discharge. The results show that the models were cross‐validated in terms of the average exchange velocity, providing a plausible physical explanation for this parameter in small alluvial streams with low discharges, shallow depth, and moderate slopes. However, the hydromechanical model generally resulted in wider residence time distributions and occasionally higher average residence times compared to the tracer test assessments. From the cross‐validated multiscale hydromechanical model, we learned that water surface profile variations were the main drivers of HEF in all investigated streams and that spatial scales between 20 cm and 5 m dominated the estimated HEF velocity.
Circulating tumor cells: biology and clinical significance
Authors: Lin Danfeng , Shen Lesang , Luo Meng , Zhang Kun , Li Jinfan , Yang Qi , Zhu Fangfang , Zhou Dan , Zheng Shu , Chen Yiding , Zhou Jiaojiao 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCirculating tumor cells (CTCs) are tumor cells that have sloughed off the primary tumor and extravasate into and circulate in the blood. Understanding of the metastatic cascade of CTCs has tremendous potential for the identification of targets against cancer metastasis. Detecting these very rare CTCs among the massive blood cells is challenging. However, emerging technologies for CTCs detection have profoundly contributed to deepening investigation into the biology of CTCs and have facilitated their clinical application. Current technologies for the detection of CTCs are summarized herein, together with their advantages and disadvantages. The detection of CTCs is usually dependent on molecular markers, with the epithelial cell adhesion molecule being the most widely used, although molecular markers vary between different types of cancer. Properties associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and stemness have been identified in CTCs, indicating their increased metastatic capacity. Only a small proportion of CTCs can survive and eventually initiate metastases, suggesting that an interaction and modulation between CTCs and the hostile blood microenvironment is essential for CTC metastasis. Single-cell sequencing of CTCs has been extensively investigated, and has enabled researchers to reveal the genome and transcriptome of CTCs. Herein, we also review the clinical applications of CTCs, especially for monitoring response to cancer treatment and in evaluating prognosis. Hence, CTCs have and will continue to contribute to providing significant insights into metastatic processes and will open new avenues for useful clinical applications.
Perspectives of community-dwelling older adults with dementia and their carers regarding their oral health practices and care: rapid review
Authors: KC S. , Aulakh M. , Curtis S. , Scambler S. , Gallagher J. E. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Aim
To review evidence on oral health practices, beliefs/views and experiences of community-dwelling older adults living with dementia, including their carers.

Materials and methods
A search of key terms across six databases including Pubmed, Web of Science and OVID (Embase, MEDLINE [R] and PsycINFO) and Google Scholar was conducted, supplemented by reference screening. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) 2018 was used to assess the methodological quality.

Results
Eighteen studies reported across 19 papers were included in the review. Papers largely focused on normative needs (n = 13), whilst also reporting oral health-related experiences (n = 2), practices (n = 7), and beliefs/views (n = 9), of community dwellers with dementia. Generally, people living with dementia presented with poor oral and dental health, the exception being one study where dental care was integrated with memory clinic services. Maintenance of oral health focused only on toothbrushing. Overall, people living with dementia have reduced capacity for self-performed oral hygiene and high reliance on caregivers. There was a paucity of evidence on their perceptions of oral health and quality of life, the findings of which were equivocal, with weak evidence suggesting possible difficulty in identifying and communicating their needs. Experiences of accessing dental care, when explored, appear to be system dependent.

Conclusion
There was limited research evidence on oral health-related practices, beliefs/views and experiences of people with dementia. Recommendations for future research are presented.
Potential of miRNAs in urinary extracellular vesicles for management of active surveillance in prostate cancer patients
Authors: Ramirez-Garrastacho Manuel , Berge Viktor , Linē Aija , Llorente Alicia 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Active surveillance is an alternative to radical treatment for patients with low-risk prostate cancer, which could also benefit some patients with intermediate risk. We have investigated the use of miRNA in urinary extracellular vesicles to stratify these patients.

Methods
NGS was performed to profile the miRNAs from small urinary extracellular vesicles in a cohort of 70 patients with prostate cancer ISUP Grade 1, 2 or 3. The most promising candidates were then analysed by RT-qPCR in a new cohort of 60 patients.

Results
NGS analysis identified nine miRNAs differentially expressed in at least one of the comparisons. The largest differences were found with miR-1290 (Grade 3 vs. 1), miR-320a-3p (Grade 3 vs. 2) and miR-155-5p (Grade 2 vs. 1). Combinations of 2–3 miRNAs were able to differentiate between two ISUP grades with an AUC 0.79–0.88. RT-qPCR analysis showed a similar trend for miR-186-5p and miR-30e-5p to separate Grade 3 from 2, and miR-320a-3p to separate Grade 2 from 1.

Conclusions
Using NGS, we have identified several miRNAs that discriminate between prostate cancer patients with ISUP Grades 1, 2 and 3. Moreover, miR-186-5p, miR-320a-3p and miR-30e-5p showed a similar behaviour in an independent cohort using an alternative analytical method. Our results show that miRNAs from urinary vesicles can be potentially useful as liquid biopsies for active surveillance.
Sympathetic signaling facilitates progression of neuroendocrine prostate cancer
Authors: Dwivedi Shubham , Bautista Maricris , Shrestha Sanskriti , Elhasasna Hussain , Chaphekar Tanaya , Vizeacoumar Frederick S. , Krishnan Anand 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe progression of prostate cancer (PC) into neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is a major challenge in treating PC. In NEPC, the PC cells undergo neuroendocrine differentiation (NED); however, the exact molecular mechanism that triggers NED is unknown. Peripheral nerves are recently shown to promote PC. However, their contribution to NEPC was not studied well. In this study, we explored whether sympathetic neurosignaling contributes to NED. We found that human prostate tumors from patients that later developed metastases and castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), a stage preceding to NEPC, have high sympathetic innervations. Our work revealed that high concentrations of the sympathetic neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE) induces NED-like changes in PC cells in vitro, evident by their characteristic cellular and molecular changes. The NE-mediated NED was effectively inhibited by the Adrβ2 blocker propranolol. Strikingly, propranolol along with castration also significantly inhibited the development and progression of NEPC in vivo in an orthotopic NEPC model. Altogether, our results indicate that the NE-Adrβ2 axis is a potential therapeutic intervention point for NEPC.
Giant anomalous Nernst signal in the antiferromagnet YbMnBi2
Authors: Pan Yu , Le Congcong , He Bin , Watzman Sarah J. , Yao Mengyu , Gooth Johannes , Heremans Joseph P. , Sun Yan , Felser Claudia 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA large anomalous Nernst effect (ANE) is crucial for thermoelectric energy conversion applications because the associated unique transverse geometry facilitates module fabrication. Topological ferromagnets with large Berry curvatures show large ANEs; however, they face drawbacks such as strong magnetic disturbances and low mobility due to high magnetization. Herein, we demonstrate that YbMnBi2, a canted antiferromagnet, has a large ANE conductivity of ~10 A m−1 K−1 that surpasses large values observed in other ferromagnets (3–5 A m−1 K−1). The canted spin structure of Mn guarantees a non-zero Berry curvature, but generates only a weak magnetization three orders of magnitude lower than that of general ferromagnets. The heavy Bi with a large spin–orbit coupling enables a large ANE and low thermal conductivity, whereas its highly dispersive px/y orbitals ensure low resistivity. The high anomalous transverse thermoelectric performance and extremely small magnetization make YbMnBi2 an excellent candidate for transverse thermoelectrics.
Single-cell proteo-genomic reference maps of the hematopoietic system enable the purification and massive profiling of precisely defined cell states
Authors: Triana Sergio , Vonficht Dominik , Jopp-Saile Lea , Raffel Simon , Lutz Raphael , Leonce Daniel , Antes Magdalena , Hernández-Malmierca Pablo , Ordoñez-Rueda Diana , Ramasz Beáta , Boch Tobias , Jann Johann-Christoph , Nowak Daniel , Hofmann Wolf-Karsten , Müller-Tidow Carsten , Hübschmann Daniel , Alexandrov Theodore , Benes Vladimir , Trumpp Andreas , Paulsen Malte , Velten Lars , Haas Simon 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSingle-cell genomics technology has transformed our understanding of complex cellular systems. However, excessive cost and a lack of strategies for the purification of newly identified cell types impede their functional characterization and large-scale profiling. Here, we have generated high-content single-cell proteo-genomic reference maps of human blood and bone marrow that quantitatively link the expression of up to 197 surface markers to cellular identities and biological processes across all main hematopoietic cell types in healthy aging and leukemia. These reference maps enable the automatic design of cost-effective high-throughput cytometry schemes that outperform state-of-the-art approaches, accurately reflect complex topologies of cellular systems and permit the purification of precisely defined cell states. The systematic integration of cytometry and proteo-genomic data enables the functional capacities of precisely mapped cell states to be measured at the single-cell level. Our study serves as an accessible resource and paves the way for a data-driven era in cytometry.
Microglia contribute to the propagation of Aβ into unaffected brain tissue
Authors: d’Errico Paolo , Ziegler-Waldkirch Stephanie , Aires Vanessa , Hoffmann Philippe , Mezö Charlotte , Erny Daniel , Monasor Laura Sebastian , Liebscher Sabine , Ravi Vidhya M. , Joseph Kevin , Schnell Oliver , Kierdorf Katrin , Staszewski Ori , Tahirovic Sabina , Prinz Marco , Meyer-Luehmann Melanie 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMicroglia appear activated in the vicinity of amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques, but whether microglia contribute to Aβ propagation into unaffected brain regions remains unknown. Using transplantation of wild-type (WT) neurons, we show that Aβ enters WT grafts, and that this is accompanied by microglia infiltration. Manipulation of microglia function reduced Aβ deposition within grafts. Furthermore, in vivo imaging identified microglia as carriers of Aβ pathology in previously unaffected tissue. Our data thus argue for a hitherto unexplored mechanism of Aβ propagation.
Using multiple machine learning algorithms to classify elite and sub-elite goalkeepers in professional men’s football
Authors: Jamil Mikael , Phatak Ashwin , Mehta Saumya , Beato Marco , Memmert Daniel , Connor Mark 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study applied multiple machine learning algorithms to classify the performance levels of professional goalkeepers (GK). Technical performances of GK’s competing in the elite divisions of England, Spain, Germany, and France were analysed in order to determine which factors distinguish elite GK’s from sub-elite GK’s. A total of (n = 14,671) player-match observations were analysed via multiple machine learning algorithms (MLA); Logistic Regressions (LR), Gradient Boosting Classifiers (GBC) and Random Forest Classifiers (RFC). The results revealed 15 common features across the three MLA’s pertaining to the actions of passing and distribution, distinguished goalkeepers performing at the elite level from those that do not. Specifically, short distribution, passing the ball successfully, receiving passes successfully, and keeping clean sheets were all revealed to be common traits of GK’s performing at the elite level. Moderate to high accuracy was reported across all the MLA’s for the training data, LR (0.7), RFC (0.82) and GBC (0.71) and testing data, LR (0.67), RFC (0.66) and GBC (0.66). Ultimately, the results discovered in this study suggest that a GK’s ability with their feet and not necessarily their hands are what distinguishes the elite GK’s from the sub-elite.
Generalized multi-channel scheme for secure image encryption
Authors: Audhkhasi Romil , Povinelli Michelle L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe ability of metamaterials to manipulate optical waves in both the spatial and spectral domains has provided new opportunities for image encoding. Combined with the recent advances in hyperspectral imaging, this suggests exciting new possibilities for the development of secure communication systems. While traditional image encryption approaches perform a 1-to-1 transformation on a plain image to form a cipher image, we propose a 1-to-n transformation scheme. Plain image data is dispersed across n seemingly random cipher images, each transmitted on a separate spectral channel. We show that the size of our key space increases as a double exponential with the number of channels used, ensuring security against both brute-force attacks and more sophisticated attacks based on statistical sampling. Moreover, our multichannel scheme can be cascaded with a traditional 1-to-1 transformation scheme, effectively squaring the size of the key space. Our results suggest exciting new possibilities for secure transmission in multi-wavelength imaging channels.
Altered fire regimes modify lizard communities in globally endangered Araucaria forests of the southern Andes
Authors: Infante José , Novoa Fernando J. , Ibarra José Tomás , Melnick Don J. , Griffin Kevin L. , Bonacic Cristián 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWildfire regimes are being altered in ecosystems worldwide. The density of reptiles responds to fires and changes to habitat structure. Some of the most vulnerable ecosystems to human-increased fire frequency are old-growth Araucaria araucana forests of the southern Andes. We investigated the effects of wildfires on the density and richness of a lizard community in these ecosystems, considering fire frequency and elapsed time since last fire. During the 2018/2019 southern summer season, we conducted 71 distance sampling transects to detect lizards in Araucaria forests of Chile in four fire “treatments”: (1) unburned control, (2) long-term recovery, (3) short-term recovery, and (4) burned twice. We detected 713 lizards from 7 species. We found that the density and richness of lizards are impacted by wildfire frequency and time of recovery, mediated by the modification of habitat structure. The lizard community varied from a dominant arboreal species (L. pictus) in unburned and long-recovered stands, to a combination of ground-dwelling species (L. lemniscatus and L. araucaniensis) in areas affected by two fires. Araucaria forests provided key habitat features to forest reptiles after fires, but the persistence of these old-growth forests and associated biodiversity may be threatened given the increase in fire frequency.
Transcript-targeted analysis reveals isoform alterations and double-hop fusions in breast cancer
Authors: Namba Shinichi , Ueno Toshihide , Kojima Shinya , Kobayashi Kenya , Kawase Katsushige , Tanaka Yosuke , Inoue Satoshi , Kishigami Fumishi , Kawashima Shusuke , Maeda Noriko , Ogawa Tomoko , Hazama Shoichi , Togashi Yosuke , Ando Mizuo , Shiraishi Yuichi , Mano Hiroyuki , Kawazu Masahito 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAlthough transcriptome alteration is an essential driver of carcinogenesis, the effects of chromosomal structural alterations on the cancer transcriptome are not yet fully understood. Short-read transcript sequencing has prevented researchers from directly exploring full-length transcripts, forcing them to focus on individual splice sites. Here, we develop a pipeline for Multi-Sample long-read Transcriptome Assembly (MuSTA), which enables construction of a transcriptome from long-read sequence data. Using the constructed transcriptome as a reference, we analyze RNA extracted from 22 clinical breast cancer specimens. We identify a comprehensive set of subtype-specific and differentially used isoforms, which extended our knowledge of isoform regulation to unannotated isoforms including a short form TNS3. We also find that the exon–intron structure of fusion transcripts depends on their genomic context, and we identify double-hop fusion transcripts that are transcribed from complex structural rearrangements. For example, a double-hop fusion results in aberrant expression of an endogenous retroviral gene, ERVFRD-1, which is normally expressed exclusively in placenta and is thought to protect fetus from maternal rejection; expression is elevated in several TCGA samples with ERVFRD-1 fusions. Our analyses provide direct evidence that full-length transcript sequencing of clinical samples can add to our understanding of cancer biology and genomics in general.