bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of the palladium plasma produced by nanosecond pulsed 532 nm and 1064 nm wavelength lasers
Authors: Asif M , Amin U , Rehman Z U , Ali R , Qayyum H 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Palladium plasma produced by nanosecond pulsed 532 nm and 1064 nm wavelengths lasers is studied with the help of planer Langmuir probe. The experiment is conducted over a wide range of the laser fluence (1.6–40 J cm−2). The measured time of flight ions distributions are used to infer total charge, kinetic energy of the palladium ions and plasma parameters. Our results indicate that the ion charge produced by both laser wavelengths is an increasing function of the laser fluence. Initially, the ion charge produced by 1064 nm is lower than 532 nm, but it increases at much faster rate with the rise of laser fluence as the inverse bremsstrahlung plasma heating prevails at higher plasma densities. The most probable kinetic energy of the Pd ions produced by 1064 nm wavelength is also lower than that of 532 nm. The time varying plasma electron temperature and electron density are derived from the current–voltage plots of the two plasmas. For both wavelengths, the electron temperature and electron density rapidly climb to a maximum value and then gradually decline with time. However, in case of the 532 nm, the electron temperature and electron density remain consistently high throughout the laser plasma. The results are compared the available literature and discussed by considering surface reflectivity, ablation rate of the Pd target and laser plasma heating. The results presented in this work will provide more insight into the process of laser ablation and can be useful for the development of laser-plasma ion sources.
Optimization of the dynamic transition in the continuous coloring problem
Authors: Cavaliere Angelo Giorgio , Lesieur Thibault , Ricci-Tersenghi Federico 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Random constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs) can exhibit a phase where the number of constraints per variable α makes the system solvable in theory on the one hand, but also makes the search for a solution hard, meaning that common algorithms such as Monte Carlo (MC) method fail to find a solution. The onset of this hardness is deeply linked to the appearance of a dynamical phase transition where the phase space of the problem breaks into an exponential number of clusters. The exact position of this dynamical phase transition is not universal with respect to the details of the Hamiltonian one chooses to represent a given problem. In this paper, we develop some theoretical tools in order to find a systematic way to build a Hamiltonian that maximizes the dynamic α
d threshold. To illustrate our techniques, we will concentrate on the problem of continuous coloring, where one tries to set an angle x

i
∈ [0; 2π] on each node of a network in such a way that no adjacent nodes are closer than some threshold angle θ, that is cos(x

i
− x

j
)⩽ cos θ. This problem can be both seen as a continuous version of the discrete graph coloring problem or as a one-dimensional version of the Mari–Krzakala–Kurchan model. The relevance of this model stems from the fact that continuous CSPs on sparse random graphs remain largely unexplored in statistical physics. We show that for sufficiently small angle θ this model presents a random first order transition and compute the dynamical, condensation and Kesten–Stigum transitions; we also compare the analytical predictions with MC simulations for values of θ = 2π/q,

q
∈
N

. Choosing such values of q allows us to easily compare our results with the renowned problem of discrete coloring.
The self-adaptive routing strategy to alleviate packet loss in finite buffer networks
Authors: Wu Qing , Liu Qing-Yang , Ling Xiang , Zhang Li-Jun 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In real communication or transportation systems, loss of agents is very common due to finite storage capacity. We study the traffic dynamics in finite buffer networks and propose a routing strategy motivated by a heuristic algorithm to alleviate packet loss. Under this routing strategy, the traffic capacity is further improved, comparing to the shortest path routing strategy and efficient routing strategy. Then we investigate the effect of this routing strategy on the betweenness of nodes. Through dynamic routing changes, the maximum node betweenness of the network is greatly reduced, and the final betweenness of each node is almost the same. Therefore, the routing strategy proposed in this paper can balance the node load, thereby effectively alleviating packet loss.
Generating stochastic trajectories with global dynamical constraints
Authors: De Bruyne Benjamin , Majumdar Satya N , Orland Henri , Schehr Grégory 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We propose a method to exactly generate Brownian paths x

c
(t) that are constrained to return to the origin at some future time t

f
, with a given fixed area

A

f

=

∫

0

t

f

d
t

x

c

(

t

)

under their trajectory. We derive an exact effective Langevin equation with an effective force that accounts for the constraint. In addition, we develop the corresponding approach for discrete-time random walks, with arbitrary jump distributions including Lévy flights, for which we obtain an effective jump distribution that encodes the constraint. Finally, we generalise our method to other types of dynamical constraints such as a fixed occupation time on the positive axis

T

f

=

∫

0

t

f

d
t

Θ

x

c

(

t

)

or a fixed generalised quadratic area

A

f

=

∫

0

t

f

d
t

x

c

2

(

t

)

.
Present Situation and Prospect of Welding Simulation Technology
Authors: Wang Zhi Ling 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we mainly introduce the research status and development trend of welding numerical simulation technology. It is mainly reviewed that the simulation of molten pool flow field, welding temperature field and mechanical field, welding deformation and residual stress, hydrogen diffusion analysis, carbon migration of dissimilar steel welded joints, special welding process, microstructure of welded joints and grain growth process of welding heat affected zone. Then we discuss the special welding process simulation technology and special software for welding simulation. Finally, the development of welding numerical simulation technology in China are concerned.
Robust Control Design for Kaplan Turbine
Authors: Acevedo Hernando González 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The paper presents the dynamic model of a Kaplan turbine coupled to a DC generator, which is part of the H112D didactic system. A robust controller is designed using two different techniques: H
∞ mixed sensitivity and Quantitative feedback Theory (QFT). The robustness of the controller was analysed with three indicators: analysis of parameter uncertainties, transient response given a variable reference signal and robustness against disturbances.
Performance verification of heavy-duty motorcycles adjusting intake and exhaust timing
Authors: Dai Zih-Chun 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Heavy-duty locomotives with large exhaust vehicles have become a common means of transportation for Taiwanese. However, for car owners to increase power output, improve efficiency, and reduce fuel use, the original factory has designed demand settings for cost, environmental protection, and regulations. This leads to the sacrifice of the performance of the original car design, so the RC2 Super ECU is used to replace the original injection computer, and the air-fuel ratio, ignition angle and exhaust pipe are modified. Without the need to change the structure of the heavy locomotive, the horsepower of the heavy locomotive is improved. It is pointed out that the modification of these three original factory settings has greatly improved the overall speed performance of the heavy-duty locomotive horsepower. Therefore, it is proposed that “heavy locomotive performance verification by changing the timing of intake and exhaust” is mainly to verify the performance benefits and performance brought about by modifying the air-fuel ratio, ignition angle and exhaust pipe.
Analysis and Research on Ice Storage and Water Storage Air Conditioning System of an Electric Power Building
Authors: He M L , Hu Y Q , Zhang M M , Wu Y X , Zhang W J 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The air conditioning system of ice storage and water storage has been applied in many practical projects. This paper introduces the air conditioning system form of Fuyang Electric Power Dispatching Building. The design condition of cold and heat sources and its transmission and distribution system is also introduced. In addition, this paper also collects and analyses the data of the chillers in actual operation. The results show that the system runs steadily and accords with the design conditions.
Evaluating spatial variability of subsurface carbon stock and free-phase gas using ground-penetrating radar and direct measurements in coastal landforms of South-West Indian peatlands
Authors: Devi K , Sharma Shashank , Nair Rajesh 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Organic rich soils (peat) store significant amount of global soil carbon (C) in the form of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2). Peat soils act as sinks and are a source of greenhouse gases (GHG) which occur in the form of Free Phase Gas in coastal landforms. South-West India has an extensive wetland system and is the primary source of GHG emissions, and CH4, in particular, has high potential to contribute to global climate change. In this scenario, this study sheds light on how SW Indian peatlands contribute to the global carbon cycle. The soil C stock and GHG spatial distribution in three distinct topographic coastal landforms within the peatland region were investigated: site 1, Muthukulam in the wetland boundary; site 2, Ramapuram in the paleo-sand ridge, and site 3, Eruva in the paleo-drainage channel. The combination of non-destructive Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) and direct measurement (coring) in conjunction with the C core analysis helped in building the relationship between the GHG storage in the landforms of varying C stocks. Moreover, Common offset GPR has the ability to image subsurface features, lithological boundaries, coastal landforms, and peat-forming environments. The result from this study depicts the importance of different landforms in the storage of C and GHG in SW Indian peatlands.
Design of an unmanned aerial vehicle survey system based on embedded 3D machine vision imaging perception
Authors: He Wenjian , Yu Yecheng , Yu Yucheng , Wang Zexiang , Wan Zhiping , Xu Zhiming 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
At present, the application of UAV in urban planning and construction is mainly manifested in urban planning survey, urban illegal building supervision and environmental monitoring of urban construction projects. Secondly, based on embedded technology can be managed by multiple users, you can run multiple processes program, open and run the code, the system powerful, which makes it to be able to do many tasks in the field of, and running is stable, many developers will be able to enjoy its source code publicly, relative to other real-time operating system has the absolute advantage.
An Evaluation on Diverse Machine Learning Algorithms for Hourly Univariate Wind Power Prediction in the Arctic
Authors: Chen Hao , Birkelund Yngve 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Wind power forecasting is crucial for wind power systems, grid load balance, maintenance, and grid operation optimization. The utilization of wind energy in the Arctic regions helps reduce greenhouse gas emissions in this environmentally vulnerable area. In the present study, eight various models, seven of which are representative machine learning algorithms, are used to make 1, 2, and 3 step hourly wind power predictions for five wind parks inside the Norwegian Arctic regions, and their performance is compared. Consequently, we recommend the persistence model, multilayer perceptron, and support vector regression for univariate time-series wind power forecasting within the time horizon of 3 hours.
Indoor and outdoor positioning system for Beidou fusion 5G
Authors: Zou Jiajun , Ni Weichuan , Liu Shaojiang , Wan Zhiping , He Guiyue , Xu Zhiming 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Recently, my country’s Beidou-3 satellite system has successfully networked, and the application of the Beidou-3 satellite system will become the trend of social development in the future. In the complex environment of multi-path interference in the indoor diplomatic area, the Beidou system will often be interfered by various errors in the calculation, which leads to the limitation of the positioning accuracy of the Beidou system. This paper proposes that 5G fusion Beidou for indoor and outdoor positioning can effectively solve the problems of interference affecting accuracy in the indoor and foreign circles, and make the positioning accuracy reach the sub-meter level.
Analysis of application development needs and discussion on the platform architecture of the Internet of Things
Authors: Zhu Dewei , Zhong Qingxuan , Zhang Jiabin , Xu Zhiming 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
To improve the development efficiency of Internet of Things applications and meet the needs of innovative projects. In this paper, two methods are used to analyze the application development requirements of the Internet of Things, namely, modularization analysis and development characteristics analysis. In modular analysis, development objectives are divided into a series of modules with strong robustness based on the functional requirements in the project. In the analysis of development characteristics, development suggestions are put forward according to the difference of development characteristics between the node side and server-side of the Internet of Things. After the analysis, specific suggestions for the application development of the Internet of Things are put forward, including the simple selection of the hardware of the Internet of Things node, an architecture scheme of the Internet of Things platform, and the application scenarios are discussed.
Evaluation of active power in dielectric barrier discharge with pulse power supply
Authors: Taran A. , Lozina A. , Garkusha I. , Taran V. , Krasnyj V. , Gnidenko Y. , Vorontsov P. , Starikov V. , G Mamalis A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The paper describes a practical method for real-time
measurement of active power in a dielectric barrier discharge by
calculating a Lissajous figures based on the Manley formula. Such a
method is very useful for controlling the output ozone concentration
in ozone generators taking into account the active power in a DBD
reactor. A dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) in atmospheric
pressure air was excited by a high-voltage pulse power supply. The
active power of the reactor was estimated from the area of the
Lissajous figure formed by the V-Q traces, which is directly
proportional to the energy consumed per cycle at voltages of 8 and
12 kV, respectively.
Investigation of insulin resistance through a multiorgan microfluidic organ-on-chip
Authors: Tanataweethum Nida , Trang Allyson , Lee Chaeeun , Mehta Jhalak , Patel Neha , Cohen Ronald N , Bhushan Abhinav 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The development of hepatic insulin resistance (IR) is a critical factor in developing type 2 diabetes (T2D), where insulin fails to inhibit hepatic glucose production but retains its capacity to promote hepatic de novo lipogenesis leading to hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia. Improving insulin sensitivity can be effective in preventing and treating T2D. However, selective control of glucose and lipid synthesis has been difficult. It is known that excess white adipose tissue is detrimental to insulin sensitivity, whereas brown adipose tissue transplantation can restore it in diabetic mice. However, challenges remain in our understanding of liver-adipose communication because the confounding effects of hypothalamic regulation of metabolic function cannot be ruled out in previous studies. There is a lack of in vitro models that use primary cells to study cellular-crosstalk under insulin resistant conditions. Building upon our previous work on the microfluidic primary liver and adipose organ-on-chips, we report for the first time, the development of an integrated insulin resistant liver-adipose (white and brown) organ-on-chip. The design of the microfluidic device was carried out using computational fluid dynamics; the experimental studies were conducted by carrying out detailed biochemical analysis RNA-seq analysis on both cell types. Further, we tested the hypothesis that brown adipocytes (BAC) regulated both hepatic insulin sensitivity and de novo lipogenesis. Our results show that BAC effectively restored insulin sensitivity and supressed hepatic glucose production and de novo lipogenesis suggesting that the experimental platform could be useful for identifying potential therapeutics to treat IR and diabetes.
Assessing the role of compound drought and heatwave events on unprecedented 2020 wildfires in the Pantanal
Authors: Libonati Renata , Geirinhas João L , Silva Patrícia S , Russo Ana , Rodrigues Julia A , Belém Liz B C , Nogueira Joana , Roque Fabio O , DaCamara Carlos C , Nunes Ana M B , Marengo José A , Trigo Ricardo M 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe year 2020 had the most catastrophic fire season over the last two decades in the Pantanal, which led to outstanding environmental impacts. Indeed, much of the Pantanal has been affected by severe dry conditions since 2019, with evidence of the 2020’s drought being the most extreme and widespread ever recorded in the last 70 years. Although it is unquestionable that this mega-drought contributed significantly to the increase of fire risk, so far, the 2020’s fire season has been analyzed at the univariate level of a single climate event, not considering the co-occurrence of extreme and persistent temperatures with soil dryness conditions. Here, we show that similarly to other areas of the globe, the influence of land-atmosphere feedbacks contributed decisively to the simultaneous occurrence of dry and hot spells (HPs), exacerbating fire risk. The ideal synoptic conditions for strong atmospheric heating and large evaporation rates were present, in particular during the HPs, when the maximum temperature was, on average, 6 °C above the normal. The short span of the period during those compound drought-heatwave (CDHW) events accounted for 55% of the burned area of 2020. The vulnerability in the northern forested areas was higher than in the other areas, revealing a synergistic effect between fuel availability and weather-hydrological conditions. Accordingly, where fuel is not a limiting factor, fire activity tends to be more modelled by CDHW events. Our work advances beyond an isolated event-level basis towards a compound and cascading natural hazards approach, simultaneously estimating the contribution of drought and heatwaves to fuelling extreme fire outbreaks in the Pantanal such as those in 2020. Thus, these findings are relevant within a broader context, as the driving mechanisms apply across other ecosystems, implying higher flammability conditions and further efforts for monitoring and predicting such extreme events.
Spring coherence in dissolved organic carbon export dominates total coherence in Boreal Shield forested catchments
Authors: Morison M Q , Higgins S N , Webster K L , Emilson E J S , Yao H , Casson N J 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe wide range of forested landscapes in boreal environments store and cycle substantial amounts of carbon, although the capacity of these systems to act as either a carbon sink or source is uncertain under a changing climate. While there are clear reports of regional-scale increases in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in streams and lakes, there remains substantial watershed-scale variability in these patterns. Coherence is a framework for examining if variables of interest within adjacent spatial units change synchronously or asynchronously through time and has been widely applied in the context of lentic hydrochemistry, and which can shed light on the relative importance of regional- vs. local-scale controls. The objective of this research was to quantify coherence in discharge, DOC concentrations, and DOC loads in forested boreal watersheds, and to what extent coherence varied by season. Coherence was assessed using data from three long-term ecological research sites spanning boreal forest environments (IISD-Experimental Lakes Area, Turkey Lakes Watershed Study, and Dorset Environmental Science Centre) that included 29 829 DOC measurements across 739 stream-years, examining correlation between stream-pairs within each site, but not between sites. Seasonal coherence in DOC export was consistent across the three sites; coherence was significantly greater in spring than all other seasons, and was strongly related to discharge coherence. Currently, the season with the greatest loads (spring) is also the most coherent season, suggesting that annual between-stream coherence may be reduced if spring becomes proportionally less important in hydrologic budgets under a changing climate. This research aids in determining which factors contribute to synchronous watershed behaviour, and which factors may contribute to the timing and extent of individual watershed-scale deviations from landscape-level patterns.
Strong regulation of daily variations in nighttime surface urban heat islands by meteorological variables across global cities
Authors: She Yihang , Liu Zihan , Zhan Wenfeng , Lai Jiameng , Huang Fan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Knowledge of the day-to-day dynamics of surface urban heat island (SUHI) as well as their underlying determinants is crucial to a better design of effective heat mitigation. However, there remains a lack of a globally comprehensive investigation of the responsiveness of SUHI variations to meteorological variables. Based on the MODIS land surface temperature and auxiliary data in 2017, here we investigated 10 000+ cities worldwide to reveal day-to-day SUHI intensity (SUHII) variations (termed as SUHIIdv) in response to meteorological variables using Google Earth Engine. We found that: (a) meteorological variables related to the thermal admittance, e.g. precipitation, specific humidity (SH) and soil moisture (SM) (represented by daily temperature range in rural area, DTRr), reveal a larger regulation on SUHIIdv than those related to the air conditions (e.g. wind speed and near-surface air temperature) over a global scale. (b) Meteorological regulations on SUHIIdv can differ greatly by background climates. The control of SH on SUHIIdv is significantly strengthened in arid zones, while that of wind speed is weakened prominently in equatorial zones. SUHIIdv is more sensitive to SM in cities with higher background temperatures. (c) All meteorological variables, except that related to SM (DTRr), show larger impact on SUHIIdv with antecedent precipitation over the global scale. Precipitation is observed to mitigate the SUHIIdv globally, and such effects are even more pronounced in equatorial and arid zones. We consider that our findings should be helpful in enriching the knowledge of SUHI dynamics on multiple timescales.