bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A REVIEW OF CORRELATES OF DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS IN CHINESE ADOLESCENTS IN HONG KONG
Authors: TAM NELSON W.Y. , KWOK SYLVIA Y.C.L. 
Published: March 2021

Adolescent depression has been shown to be increasing in Hong Kong. There is a need to address this problem. The studies of the risk and protective factors have focused on how individual, peer, and family predictors are related to depressive symptoms. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature on depressive symptoms in Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong. Specifically, this study presents a brief review of protective and risk correlates of depressive symptoms in Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong, with an ecological perspective. Individual risk correlates, such as low self-esteem and high levels of rumination; peer correlates, such as social withdrawal and limited social networks; family correlates, such as parent-child triangulation and high parental expectations, are significantly associated with adolescent depression. Moreover, individual protective correlates, such as hope and positive affect; social-related correlates, such as extensive social network and peer support; and family correlates, such as high parental warmth and family cohesion, were considered factors to reduce the risk of depression. Several limitations of previous studies are noted. First, the sample size is small and targets are limited to children and youth. They were also limited by the locations and times at which questionnaire distribution was conducted. Second, most studies are not theory-driven and have failed to examine adolescent depression with sophisticated statistical analyses; for example, some cross-sectional studies were unlikely to establish causality between the identified factors and symptoms of depression. Therefore, future study could attempt to fill in the knowledge gap by integrating the ecological model and wellness theory as a theoretical framework to explain adolescent depression, and could consider a relatively larger and different sample with longitudinal studies. More sophisticated analyses are needed to examine the indirect and interactive effects of different variables (e.g. family, peer, and individual factors) as mediators and moderators to help understand the underlying mechanism related to adolescents' depression.
Event-driven Programming in Programming Education
Authors: Lukkarinen Aleksi , Malmi Lauri , Haaranen Lassi 
Published: March 2021

During the past two decades,
event-driven programming
(EDP) has emerged as a central and almost ubiquitous concept in modern software development: Graphical user interfaces are self-evident in most mobile and web-based applications, as well as in many embedded systems, and they are most often based on reacting to events. To facilitate both teaching practice and research in programming education, this mapping review seeks to give an overview of the related knowledge that is already available in conference papers and journal articles. Starting from early works of the 1990s, we identified 105 papers that address teaching practices, present learning resources, software tools or libraries to support learning, and empirical studies related to EDP. We summarize the publications, their main content, and findings. While most studies focus on bachelor’s level education in universities, there has been substantial work in K-12 level, as well. Few courses address EDP as their main content—rather it is most often integrated with CS1, CS2, or computer graphics courses. The most common programming languages and environments addressed are Java, App Inventor, and Scratch. Moreover, very little of deliberate experimental scientific research has been carried out to explicitly address teaching and learning EDP. Consequently, while so-called experience reports, tool papers, and anecdotal evidence have been published, this theme offers a wide arena for empirical research in the future. At the end of the article, we suggest a number of directions for future research.
Engineering T Cells to Express Tumoricidal MDA-7/IL24 Enhances Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Liu Zheng , Guo Chunqing , Das Swadesh K. , Yu Xiaofei , Pradhan Anjan K. , Li Xia , Ning Yanxia , Chen Shixian , Liu Wenjie , Windle Jolene J. , Bear Harry D. , Manjili Masoud H. , Fisher Paul B. , Wang Xiang-Yang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Antigen-specific immunotherapy can be limited by induced tumor immunoediting (e.g., antigen loss) or through failure to recognize antigen-negative tumor clones. Melanoma differentiation–associated gene-7/IL24 (MDA-7/IL24) has profound tumor-specific cytotoxic effects in a broad spectrum of cancers. Here we report the enhanced therapeutic impact of genetically engineering mouse tumor-reactive or antigen-specific T cells to produce human MDA-7/IL24. While mock-transduced T cells only killed antigen-expressing tumor cells, MDA-7/IL24-producing T cells destroyed both antigen-positive and negative cancer targets. MDA-7/IL24-expressing T cells were superior to their mock-engineered counterparts in suppressing mouse prostate cancer and melanoma growth as well as metastasis. This enhanced antitumor potency correlated with increased tumor infiltration and expansion of antigen-specific T cells as well as induction of a Th1-skewed immunostimulatory tumor environment. MDA-7/IL24-potentiated T-cell expansion was dependent on T-cell–intrinsic STAT3 signaling. Finally, MDA-7/IL24-modified T-cell therapy significantly inhibited progression of spontaneous prostate cancers in Hi-Myc transgenic mice. Taken together, arming T cells with tumoricidal and immune-potentiating MDA-7/IL24 confers new capabilities of eradicating antigen-negative cancer cell clones and improving T-cell expansion within tumors. This promising approach may be used to optimize cellular immunotherapy for treating heterogeneous solid cancers and provides a mechanism for inhibiting tumor escape.

Significance:
This research describes a novel strategy to overcome the antigenic heterogeneity of solid cancers and prevent tumor escape by engineering T lymphocytes to produce a broad-spectrum tumoricidal agent.
Transient Competitive Inhibition Bypasses the Binding Site Barrier to Improve Tumor Penetration of Trastuzumab and Enhance T-DM1 Efficacy
Authors: Bordeau Brandon M. , Yang Yujie , Balthasar Joseph P. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Poor penetration of mAbs in solid tumors is explained, in part, by the binding site barrier hypothesis. Following extravasation, mAbs rapidly bind cellular antigens, leading to the observation that, at subsaturating doses, therapeutic antibody in solid tumors localizes around tumor vasculature. Here we report a unique strategy to overcome the binding site barrier through transient competitive inhibition of antibody–antigen binding. The anti-trastuzumab single domain antibody 1HE was identified through in vitro binding assays as a model inhibitor. Coadministration of 1HE did not alter the plasma pharmacokinetics of trastuzumab or ado-trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) in vivo. Administration of 1HE alone was rapidly eliminated with a terminal plasma half-life of 1.2 hours, while coadministrations of 1HE with trastuzumab had a terminal half-life of 56 hours. In mice harboring SKOV3 xenografts, coadministration of 1HE with trastuzumab led to significant increases in both penetration of trastuzumab from vasculature and the percentage of tumor area that stained positive for trastuzumab. 1HE coadministered with a single dose of T-DM1 to NCI-N87 xenograft–bearing mice significantly enhanced T-DM1 efficacy, increasing median survival. These results support the hypothesis that transient competitive inhibition can improve therapeutic antibody distribution in solid tumors and enhance antibody efficacy.

Significance:
This study describes the development of a transient competitive inhibition strategy that enhances the tumor penetration and efficacy of anticancer antibodies.
See related commentary by van Dongen, p. 3956
Prognostic Value of ER and PgR Expression and the Impact of Multi-clonal Expression for Recurrence in Ductal Carcinoma in situ: Results from the UK/ANZ DCIS Trial
Authors: Thorat Mangesh A. , Levey Pauline M. , Jones J. Louise , Pinder Sarah E. , Bundred Nigel J. , Fentiman Ian S. , Cuzick Jack 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Purpose:
The prognostic value of estrogen receptor (ER)/progesterone receptor (PgR) expression in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is unclear. We observed multi-clonality when evaluating ER/PgR expression in the UK/ANZ DCIS trial, therefore, we investigated the prognostic role of both uni-clonal and multi-clonal ER/PgR expression in DCIS.

Experimental Design:
Formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissues were collected from UK/ANZ DCIS trial participants (n = 755), and ER/PgR expression was evaluated by IHC in 181 cases (with recurrence) matched to 362 controls by treatment arm and age. Assays were scored by the Allred method and by a newly devised clonal method—analyses categorizing multi-clonal DCIS as ER/PgR-positive as per current practice (Standard) and as ER/PgR-negative (clonal) were performed.

Results:
ER expression was multi-clonal in 11% (39/356) of ER-positive (70.6%, 356/504) patients. Ipsilateral breast event (IBE) risk was similarly higher in ER-multi-clonal and ER-negative DCIS as compared with DCIS with uni-clonal ER expression. ER-negative DCIS (clonal) had a higher risk of in situ IBE [OR 4.99; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.66–9.36; P &lt; 0.0001], but the risk of invasive IBE was not significantly higher (OR 1.72; 95% CI, 0.84–3.53; P = 0.14), Pheterogeneity = 0.03. ER was an independent predictor in multivariate analyses (OR 2.66; 95% CI, 1.53–4.61). PgR status did not add to the prognostic information provided by ER.

Conclusions:
ER expression is a strong predictor of ipsilateral recurrence risk in DCIS. ER-positive DCIS with distinct ER-negative clones has a recurrence risk similar to ER-negative DCIS. ER should be routinely assessed in DCIS, and ER scoring should take clonality of expression into account.
Benefiting wireless power transfer scheme in power domain based multiple access: ergodic rate performance evaluation
Authors: Le Anh-Tu , Nguyen Minh-Sang Van , Do Dinh-Thuan 
Published: March 2021

Power domain based multiple access scheme is introduced in this paper, namely Non-orthogonal multiple-access (NOMA). We deploy a wireless network using NOMA together with a wireless power transfer (WPT) scheme for dedicated user over Nakagami-$m$ fading channel. When combined, these promising techniques (NOMA and WPT) improve the system performance in term of ergodic performance at reasonable coefficient of harvested power. However, fixed power allocation factors for each NOMA user can be adjusted at the base station and it further provide performance improvement. We design a new signal frame to deploy a NOMA scheme in WPT which adopts a linear energy harvesting model. The ergodic capacity in such a NOMA network and power allocation factors can be updated frequently in order to achieve a fair distribution among NOMA users. The exact expressions of ergodic capacity for each user is derived. The simulation results show that an agreement between analytic performance and Monte-Carlo simulation can be achieved.
O acervo do Instituto Federal do Piauí – Campus Teresina Central: possibilidades de arquivamento da memória institucional
Authors: Oliveira Márcia Pereira de , Monti Ednardo Monteiro Gonzaga do , Grazziotin Luciane Sgarbi Santos 
Published: March 2021

O estudo aqui apresentado tem como foco o processo de constituição de um espaço dedicado a arquivar e conservar a memória de uma instituição educacional centenária. O objetivo é refletir sobre a implementação do Memorial do Instituto Federal do Piauí, Campus Teresina Central, que abrange ensino técnico, graduações tecnológicas, licenciaturas, bacharelados, cursos de especialização lato sensu e programas de pós-graduação stricto sensu. Sob a perspectiva da História da Educação, busca-se problematizar esse processo em uma instituição pública e compreender as potencialidades de um lugar de memória, na concepção de Pierre Nora (1993). Os questionamentos e as ponderações presentes nesse propósito de reunir o acervo estão conectados com conceitos da História Cultural, mobilizando ideias de Jacques Le Goff e Peter Burke, e com a utilização de fontes orais, hemerográficas, objetos da cultura material da escola edocumentos institucionais. A reflexão proposta está organizada em uma introdução, evidenciando a experiência de criação de uma unidade de memória numa instituição de ensino superior, técnico e tecnológico. Em seguida, abordam-se o percurso de constituição desse espaço e as questões acerca de seus desafios, suas realizações e intencionalidades. Segue-se com um segundo tópico, discutindo-se limites e potencialidades desse investimento de pesquisa, com suas tensões e intenções. Nas considerações finais, o artigo aponta que os primeiros passos em direção à construção doMemorial foram realizados; entretanto, há medidas de cunho operacional e administrativo que, para se efetivarem, dependem de vontade política, dotação orçamentária e sensibilidade da gestão do campus para designar uma equipe comprometida com os objetivos pretendidos.
Uncovered genetic diversity in Hemidactylus mabouia (Reptilia: Gekkonidae) from Madeira Island reveals uncertain sources of introduction
Authors: Rato Catarina , Martins Beatriz , Rocha Ricardo , Silva-Rocha Iolanda 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Hemidactylus mabouia is one of the most widely distributed species within its genus. It was first reported to Madeira in 2002 and the first individuals were considered to have originated from Cape Verde. Almost 20 years later, we found that H. mabouia has substantially expanded its distribution and can now be found >10 km away from Funchal, where it was first reported. Based on a 12S phylogenetic analysis and using 29 individuals from Funchal and Câmara de Lobos we found that Madeira actually harbours two distinct lineages of H. mabouia: one exclusively South American and another widespread in America and Africa. However, the lack of genetic diversity typical of this species outside its native range and the obtained phylogenetic pattern prevent us to infer possible introduction routes or sources. Our study emphasizes that authorities should remain vigilant regarding the arrival of other non-natives and act to prevent their establishment as soon as they are detected.
Insightful behaviour in arthropods?
Authors: Soley Fernando G. , Rodríguez Rafael Lucas , Höbel Gerlinde , Eberhard William G. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Arthropod behaviour is usually explained through ‘hard-wired’ motor routines and learning abilities that have been favoured by natural selection. We describe observations in which two arthropods solved rare and perhaps completely novel problems, and consider four possible explanations for their behaviours: (i) the behaviour was a pre-programmed motor routine evolved to solve this particular problem, or evolved for other functions but pre-programmed to be recruited for this function under certain conditions; (ii) it was learned previously; (iii) it resulted by chance; or (iv) it was the result of insightful behaviour. Pre-programmed solutions can be favoured by natural selection if they provide solutions to common or crucial problems. Given the apparent rarity of the problems that these animals solved, the solutions they employed are unlikely to represent innate behaviour. Learning and random chance seem unlikely, although we cannot rule them out completely. Possibly these animals employed some degree of insight.
Diplomacy with Chinese Characteristics
Authors: Zhang Qingmin 
Published: March 2021

Summary
Scholarship on what constitutes the major characteristics of China’s diplomacy lacks consensus. This essay argues that many of what have been considered the distinct features of China’s diplomacy are the common features of all diplomacy, rather than specifically those of China’s diplomacy. These distinctive characteristics can be understood from historical and cross-national comparisons, and include strong self-consciousness of and emphasis on its distinction, the declining significance of diplomacy accompanied by the rise of power, the unified leadership of the the Chinese Communist Party, remarkable cultural features and the Chinese leadership’s personal style.
Association Between Earwax‐Determinant Genotypes and Acquired Middle Ear Cholesteatoma in a Japanese Population
Authors: Hara Satoshi , Kusunoki Takeshi , Nakagawa Hiroshi , Toyoda Yu , Nojiri Shuko , Kamiya Kazusaku , Furukawa Masayuki , Takata Yusuke , Okada Hiroko , Anzai Takashi , Matsumoto Fumihiko , Ikeda Katsuhisa 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveA single‐nucleotide polymorphism 538G>A in the human ABCC11 gene is a determinant of the earwax morphotype. ABCC11 538GG and GA correspond to wet earwax and 538AA to dry earwax. Despite a putative positive correlation between the frequency of the 538G allele and the prevalence of cholesteatoma, minimal clinical information is currently available. We aimed to evaluate this association between the ABCC11 genotypes and acquired middle ear cholesteatoma.Study DesignCase‐control study.SettingSingle‐center academic hospital.MethodsWe recruited 67 Japanese patients with acquired middle ear cholesteatoma (cholesteatoma group) and 100 Japanese controls with no history of middle ear cholesteatoma. We assessed the ABCC11 genotypes for all participants. Clinical information was collected from the cholesteatoma group. The genotype data of 104 Japanese people from the 1000 Genomes Project who represent the general population were used.ResultsThe proportion of participants with ABCC11 538GG or GA was significantly higher in the cholesteatoma group than in the control group or general Japanese population (P <. 001). The ABCC11 538G allele frequency was also significantly higher in the cholesteatoma group than in the control group or general Japanese population (P <. 001). Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed a significant association between the ABCC11 genotype and acquired middle ear cholesteatoma (odds ratio, 5.49; 95% CI, 2.61‐11.5; P <. 001).ConclusionOur results suggest that the ABCC11 genotypes could be associated with the development of acquired middle ear cholesteatoma among Japanese people.
Adjuvant radiotherapy and radioiodine treatment for locally advanced differentiated thyroid cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Dicuonzo Samantha , Pedretti Sara , Mangoni Monica , Monari Fabio , Fanetti Giuseppe , Borsatti Eugenio , Lombardi Davide , Vianello Federica , Iacobone Maurizio , Corvò Renzo , Magrini Stefano M. , Pappagallo Giovanni , Arcangeli Stefano , D’Angelillo Rolando M. 
Published: March 2021

Background: Treatment for locally advanced differentiated thyroid cancer is surgery followed by radioiodine while the role of adjuvant external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) is debated. Methods: The panel of the Italian Association of Radiotherapy and Clinical Oncology developed a clinical recommendation on the addition of EBRT to radioiodine after surgery for locally advanced differentiated thyroid cancer by using the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation methodology and the Evidence to Decision framework. A systematic review with meta-analysis about this topic was conducted with a focus on outcome of benefits and toxicity. Results: Locoregional control was improved by EBRT while no considerable toxicity impact was reported. Conclusion: The panel judged uncertain the benefit/harms balance; final recommendation was conditional both for EBRT + radioiodine and radioiodine alone in the adjuvant setting.
Impact of multidisciplinary approach and radiologic review on surgical outcome and overall survival of patients with pancreatic cancer: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Artioli Giulia , Besutti Giulia , Cassetti Tiziana , Sereni Giuliana , Zizzo Maurizio , Bonacini Stefano , Carlinfante Gabriele , Panebianco Michele , Cavazza Alberto , Pinto Carmine , Sassatelli Romano , Pattacini Pierpaolo , Giorgi Rossi Paolo 
Published: March 2021

Aim: To evaluate the impact of multidisciplinary team case discussion including computed tomography (CT) radiologic review on surgical outcome and overall survival (OS) of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Methods: Patients with PDAC evaluated in 2008–2011 and 2013–2016 (before and after multidisciplinary team introduction), aged <85 years and staged I–III, were included. Surgical failures and 2-year OS were compared in these periods. Available CT scans of preintervention period (2008–2011) cases were reviewed by two radiologists in consensus, assigning a resectability judgment to evaluate in how many cases a different recommendation would be achieved. Results: A total of 316 patients (49.3% female, age 71±10 years) were included: 132 in 2008–2011 and 184 in 2013–2016. The proportion of patients who underwent upfront surgery was similar in the two periods (51% vs 47% in 2008–2011 vs 2013–2016). Neoadjuvant referral increased from 7% to 21% and surgical resection was excluded for 42% patients in 2008–2011 vs 33% in 2013–2016 ( p = 0.002). Adjusting by age, sex, and stage, surgical failures slightly decreased in 2013–2016 (odds ratio 0.89, 95% confidence interval 0.53–1.51); the decrease was stronger when therapeutic choice complied with CT indications (odds ratio 0.76, 95% confidence interval 0.36–1.63); in both cases, the decrease could be due to chance. After correction for age, sex, and stage, the hazard ratio of 2013–2016 for OS was 0.83 (95% confidence interval 0.64–1.09). In 33/114 (29%) patients, CT retrospective review produced a change in resectability judgment. Conclusion: Although differences could be due to chance or generic improvement, the consistency between process and outcome indicators suggests that multidisciplinary team approach with radiologic review may improve outcomes.