bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of treatments for the prevention of fetal growth restriction in obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Urban Maria Letizia , Bettiol Alessandra , Mattioli Irene , Emmi Giacomo , Di Scala Gerardo , Avagliano Laura , Lombardi Niccolò , Crescioli Giada , Virgili Gianni , Serena Caterina , Mecacci Federico , Ravaldi Claudia , Vannacci Alfredo , Silvestri Elena , Prisco Domenico 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWomen with criteria and non-criteria obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) carry an increased risk of pregnancy complications, including fetal growth restriction (FGR). The management of obstetric APS traditionally involves clinicians, obstetricians and gynaecologists; however, the most appropriate prophylactic treatment strategy for FGR prevention in APS is still debated. We performed a systematic review and network meta-analysis (NetMA) to summarize current evidence on pharmacological treatments for the prevention of FGR in APS. We searched PubMed and Embase from inception until July 2020, for randomized controlled trials and prospective studies on pregnant women with criteria or non-criteria obstetric APS. NetMA using a frequentist framework were conducted for the primary outcome (FGR) and for secondary outcomes (fetal or neonatal death and preterm birth). Adverse events were narratively summarised. Out of 1124 citations, we included eight studies on 395 pregnant patients with obstetric APS treated with low-dose aspirin (LDA) + unfractionated heparin (UFH) (n = 132 patients), LDA (n = 115), LDA + low molecular weight heparin (n = 100), LDA + corticosteroids (n = 29), LDA + UFH + intravenous immunoglobulin (n = 7), or untreated (n = 12). No difference among treatments emerged in terms of FGR prevention, but estimates were largely imprecise, and most studies were at high/unclear risk of bias. An increased risk of fetal or neonatal death was found for LDA monotherapy as compared to LDA + heparin, and for no treatment as compared to LDA + corticosteroids. The risk of preterm birth was higher for LDA + UFH + IVIg as compared to LDA or LDA + heparin, and for LDA + corticosteroids as compared to LDA or LDA + LMWH. No treatment was associated with an increased risk of bleeding, thrombocytopenia or osteopenia.
Timely diagnosis of multiple endocrine neoplasia 2B by identification of intestinal ganglioneuromatosis: a case series
Authors: van den Broek Medard F. M. , Rijks Ester B. G. , Nikkels Peter G. J. , Wolters Victorien M. , van Es Robert J. J. , van Santen Hanneke M. , van Nesselrooij Bernadette P. M. , Vriens Menno R. , van Leeuwaarde Rachel S. , Valk Gerlof D. , Verrijn Stuart Annemarie A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundMedullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) in childhood is rare and has an unfavorable prognosis. To improve outcome, early diagnosis is essential. In patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B (MEN2B), MTC can occur already before the age of 1 year. Recognition of non-endocrine features of MEN2B may lead to timely diagnosis.PurposeTo describe how early recognition of non-endocrine features can lead to a timely diagnosis of MEN2B as well as the effect of recognition of premonitory symptoms on prognosis.MethodsA retrospective case series from the University Medical Center Utrecht/Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, a Dutch national expertise center for MEN patients. All eight MEN2B patients in follow-up between 1976 and 2020 were included and medical records reviewed.ResultsIntestinal ganglioneuromatosis (IGN) as the cause of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms was detected in seven patients. In three of them within months after birth. This led to early diagnosis of MEN2B, which allowed subsequent curative thyroid surgery. On the contrary, a MEN2B diagnosis later in childhood—in three patients (also) triggered by oral neuromas/neurofibromas—led to recurrent, persistent, and/or progressive MTC in five patients.ConclusionsNeonatal GI manifestations offer the most important window of opportunity for early detection of MEN2B. By accurate evaluation of rectal biopsies in patients with early onset severe constipation, IGN can be timely detected, while ruling out Hirschsprung’s disease. MEN2B gene analysis should follow detection of IGN and—when confirmed—should prompt possibly still curative thyroid surgery.
Farmers’ Willingness to Adopt Short Rotation Plantations on Marginal Lands: Qualitative Study About Incentives and Barriers in Slovakia
Authors: Ranacher Lea , Pollakova Barbora , Schwarzbauer Peter , Liebal Sandra , Weber Norbert , Hesser Franziska 
Published: January 2021

AbstractShort rotation plantations (SRP), also called short rotation coppice, can contribute to bioeconomy by satisfying the rising demand for wood raw material while strengthening the rural economy. However, farmers all over Europe show limited adoption of SRP. Marginal lands are considered a promising option for producing SRP biomass and avoiding conflicts with food production. This study focuses on the Malacky region in Western Slovakia because of suitable land quality and a board production site close by providing a significant local market for the produced biomass. Qualitative interviews in 2018 explored personal and situational factors that influenced local farmers’ (N = 19) willingness to adopt SRP. Slovakia’s land fragmentation in combination with the required landowner’s consent, competition with food production, and lack of identification with SRP were identified as prominent barriers. The economic benefit from using low quality lands and environmental benefits from SRP were identified incentives. Moreover, the study found agricultural cooperatives more open to SRP than agricultural business companies, as they are more interested in the economic benefits and prefer agricultural activity over fallow land. Because the study identified conflicting views about the possible impacts of SRP on the environment and the rural community, it is considered crucial to provide farmers with science-based facts on these issues. This aspect should also be acknowledged to increase acceptance of stakeholders, such as land owners, governmental actors, and the general public, which is needed to develop measures to encourage SRP.
Comparing mind perception in strategic exchanges: human-agent negotiation, dictator and ultimatum games
Authors: Lee Minha , Lucas Gale , Gratch Jonathan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRecent research shows that how we respond to other social actors depends on what sort of mind we ascribe to them. In a comparative manner, we observed how perceived minds of agents shape people’s behavior in the dictator game, ultimatum game, and negotiation against artificial agents. To do so, we varied agents’ minds on two dimensions of the mind perception theory:agency(cognitive aptitude) andpatiency(affective aptitude) via descriptions and dialogs. In our first study, agents with emotional capacity garnered more allocations in the dictator game, but in the ultimatum game, agents’ described agency and affective capacity, both led to greater offers. In the second study on negotiation, agents ascribed with low-agency traits earned more points than those with high-agency traits, though the negotiation tactic was the same for all agents. Although patiency did not impact game points, participants sent more happy and surprise emojis and emotionally valenced messages to agents that demonstrated emotional capacity during negotiations. Further, our exploratory analyses indicate that people related only to agents with perceived affective aptitude across all games. Both perceived agency and affective capacity contributed to moral standing after dictator and ultimatum games. But after negotiations, only agents with perceived affective capacity were granted moral standing. Manipulating mind dimensions of machines has differing effects on how people react to them in dictator and ultimatum games, compared to a more complex economic exchange like negotiation. We discuss these results, which show that agents are perceived not only as social actors, but as intentional actors through negotiations, in contrast with simple economic games.
Cuprizone-Dependent De/Remyelination Responses and Functional Correlates in Mouse Strains Adopted to Model Relapsing, Chronic and Progressive Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Authors: Buonvicino Daniela , Ranieri Giuseppe , Chiarugi Alberto 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNOD mice represent a unique strain that recapitulates some aspects of progressive MS when subjected to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). It is unknown, however, whether a proneness to demyelination and/or defect in remyelination contribute to disease progression in NOD mice. Answering to this question might help deciphering the molecular and cellular events underpinning disease evolution in progressive MS. Here, we compared the cuprizone-dependent demyelination and remyelination responses, as well as their functional correlates, in NOD, C57BL/6, and SJL mice typically adopted to model progressive, chronic or relapsing EAE. We report that demyelination occurred to a similar extent in the three mice strains, and that in none of them there was evidence of axonal degeneration during prolonged demyelination. Moreover, immunostaining for GFAP+ astrocytes, Iba1+ microglia, and NG2+ oligodendrocyte precursor cells similarly increased in the 3 mouse strains after cuprizone exposure. The mice underwent concomitant and complete remyelination 2 weeks after cuprizone withdrawal. On a functional level, NOD mice showed the earliest reduction of spontaneous motility and full recovery, but no impairment of motor skill. Conversely, C57BL/6 animals showed phasic reduction of both spontaneous motility and motor skill. Lastly, SJL mice presented the most severe neurological impairment with long-lasting reduction of spontaneous motility and motor skill. Overall, data suggest that the unique feature of EAE progression in NOD mice is not due to proneness to demyelination or intrinsic defects in myelin formation. Findings also unravel important functional differences in the response of the three mouse stains to cuprizone that can be harnessed to design and interpret future experiments.
Thermomechanical modeling of the metallic rivet in friction riveting of amorphous thermoplastics
Authors: Cipriano Gonçalo Pina , de Carvalho Willian S. , Vilaça Pedro , Amancio-Filho Sergio T. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe present work aims for an initial computational simulation with finite element analysis of the friction riveting process. Knowledge and experimental data from friction riveting of AA2024-T351 and polyetherimide supported the computational simulation. Friction riveting is a friction-based joining technology capable of connecting multiple dissimilar overlapping materials in a fast and simple manner. In this paper, the plastic deformation of the metallic rivet, process heat input, and temperature distribution were modeled and simulated. The plastic deformation of the metallic rivet is of key importance in creating the mechanical interlocking and main joining mechanism between the parts, being this the focus of this work. The influence of the polymeric material was considered a dynamic boundary condition via heat input and pressure profiles applied to the rivet. The heat input, mainly generated by viscous dissipation within the molten polymer, was analytically estimated. Three experimental conditions were simulated. The heat flux values applied in modeling of the different conditions were determined (8.2, 9.1, and 10.2 W/mm2). These yielded distinct plastic deformations characterized by a diameter of the rivet tip, from the initial 5 mm to 6.2, 7.0, and 9.3 mm. The maximum temperatures were 365, 395, and 438 °C, respectively.
Assessment of soil micronutrient level for vineyard production in southern Syria
Authors: Mohammed Safwan , Alsafadi Karam , Enaruvbe Glory O. , Harsányi Endre 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAvailability of micronutrients is one of the important factors for the successful and economic cultivation of vineyards. The objectives of this study are to evaluate the spatial distribution of soil micronutrients (Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, B) and their suitability for vineyard cultivation in Jabal Al Arab of Syria. To achieve the research objectives, soil samples were collected randomly from vineyard farms which cover the study area. Following this, soil analyses were conducted to determine the concentration of soil micronutrients. Results showed that soil micronutrient concentrations did not reach the minimum threshold for vineyard cultivation with 1.1, 12.06, 11.2, 2.6 and 0.3 ppm for Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn and B, respectively. Furthermore, spatial distribution showed that 63%, 39%, 34%, 76% and 74% of the study area was affected by severe deficiency of Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, B respectively.
Identifying Heteroatomic and Defective Sites in Carbon with Dual-Ion Adsorption Capability for High Energy and Power Zinc Ion Capacitor
Authors: Fan Wenjie , Ding Jia , Ding Jingnan , Zheng Yulong , Song Wanqing , Lin Jiangfeng , Xiao Caixia , Zhong Cheng , Wang Huanlei , Hu Wenbin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAqueous zinc-based batteries (AZBs) attract tremendous attention due to the abundant and rechargeable zinc anode. Nonetheless, the requirement of high energy and power densities raises great challenge for the cathode development. Herein we construct an aqueous zinc ion capacitor possessing an unrivaled combination of high energy and power characteristics by employing a unique dual-ion adsorption mechanism in the cathode side. Through a templating/activating co-assisted carbonization procedure, a routine protein-rich biomass transforms into defect-rich carbon with immense surface area of 3657.5 m2 g−1 and electrochemically active heteroatom content of 8.0 at%. Comprehensive characterization and DFT calculations reveal that the obtained carbon cathode exhibits capacitive charge adsorptions toward both the cations and anions, which regularly occur at the specific sites of heteroatom moieties and lattice defects upon different depths of discharge/charge. The dual-ion adsorption mechanism endows the assembled cells with maximum capacity of 257 mAh g−1 and retention of 72 mAh g−1 at ultrahigh current density of 100 A g−1 (400 C), corresponding to the outstanding energy and power of 168 Wh kg−1 and 61,700 W kg−1. Furthermore, practical battery configurations of solid-state pouch and cable-type cells display excellent reliability in electrochemistry as flexible and knittable power sources.
The impact of artificial intelligence on labor productivity
Authors: Damioli Giacomo , Van Roy Vincent , Vertesy Daniel 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRecent evidence indicates an upsurge in artificial intelligence and robotics (AI) patenting activities in the latest years, suggesting that solutions based on AI technologies might have started to exert an effect on the economy. We test this hypothesis using a worldwide sample of 5257 companies having filed at least a patent related to the field of AI between 2000 and 2016. Our analysis shows that, once controlling for other patenting activities, AI patent applications generate an extra-positive effect on companies’ labor productivity. The effect concentrates on SMEs and services industries, suggesting that the ability to quickly readjust and introduce AI-based applications in the production process is an important determinant of the impact of AI observed to date.
Designing organised clusters as social actors: a meta-organisational approach
Authors: Lupova-Henry Evgeniya , Blili Sam , Dal Zotto Cinzia 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we aim at exploring whether and how ‘organised’ clusters can be conceived of as deliberate actors within their contexts. Seeing such clusters as meta-organisations, we suggest that these can make ‘organisationality’ design choices, or decisions regarding full or partial implementation of the five elements constitutive of formal organisations: membership, hierarchy, rules, monitoring, and sanctions. To explore the relationship between clusters’ organisationality and actorhood, we conduct two qualitative case studies of organised clusters in Australia. Our findings suggest that clusters can deliberately ‘construct’ themselves both as organisations and social actors. Furthermore, drawing upon the institutional work perspective, we propose that clusters can engage in deliberate identity, boundary, and practice work. However, in doing so, they address both internal and external legitimating audiences. Finally, our findings suggest that clusters’ organisationality design choices may influence the locus of their actorhood resulting in more or less collaborative approaches to institutional work.
Ecological risk assessment of heavy metal-contaminated soils of selected villages in Zamfara State, Nigeria
Authors: Yahaya Sharhabil Musa , Abubakar Fatima , Abdu Nafiu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe incidence of heavy metal contamination in Zamfara State, northern Nigeria, due to artisanal mining in some villages has resulted in the pollution of a vast area of land and water. This study evaluated the extent of environmental risks caused by heavy metals. It involved five (5) villages (Bagega, Dareta, Sunke, Tunga, and Abare) where mining activities were taking place and Anka town with no record of mining activities served as control. In each of the five villages, three sites (3) were identified as a mining site, processing site, and village making a total of sixteen (16) sites. Bulked soil samples were collected in triplicate and analyzed for iron, lead, cadmium, chromium, zinc, and nickel using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Measured concentrations of the heavy metals in soils were then used to calculate the pollution and ecological risk pose by heavy metals. Their concentrations were in the order Fe > Pb > Cr > Zn > Cd > Ni, with Pb and Cd having a concentration higher than permissible levels for soils and accounted for 98.64% of the total potential ecological risk. Also, all the different pollution indices examined showed that all the sites were polluted with Cd, and all the processing sites were polluted with Pb. This reveals that processing sites pose more risk to heavy metal contamination. Correlation analysis showed a highly significant (p < 0.001) positive correlation between Pb and Zn, Cr and Ni, and a significant (p < 0.01) positive correlation between Fe and Pb, Zn and Cr. The principal component analysis suggested that Pb, Zn, Cr, and Ni likely originated from the same source, i.e., mining activities, and Fe and Cd originated from the abundant parent material in the study area.
Cyber-Physical Systems for Micro-/Nano-assembly Operations: a Survey
Authors: Mulet Alberola Jose A , Fassi Irene 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Latest requirements of the global market force manufacturing systems to a change for a new production paradigm (Industry 4.0). Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) appear as a solution to be deployed in different manufacturing fields, especially those with high added value and technological complexity, high product variants, and short time to market. In this sense, this paper aims at reviewing the introduction level of CPS technologies in micro/nano-manufacturing and how these technologies could cope with these challenging manufacturing requirements.

Recent Findings
The introduction of CPS is still in its infancy on many industrial applications, but it actually demonstrates its potential to support future manufacturing paradigm. However, only few research works in micro/nano-manufacturing considered CPS frameworks, since the concept barely appeared a decade ago.

Summary
Some contributions have revealed the potential of CPS technologies to improve manufacturing performance which may be scaled to the micro/nano-manufacturing. IoT-based frameworks with VR/AR technologies allow distributed and collaborative systems, or agent-based architectures with advance algorithm implementations that improve the flexibility and performance of micro-/nano-assembly operations. Future research of CPS in micro-/nano-assembly operations should be followed by more studies of its technical deployment showing its implications under other perspectives, i.e. sustainable, economic, and social point of views, to take full advance of all its features.
Defending Joint Acceptance Accounts of Justification
Authors: Schwengerer Lukas 
Published: January 2021

AbstractJennifer Lackey (2016) challenged group acceptance accounts of justification by arguing that these accounts make the possession of evidence arbitrary and hence lead to illegitimate manipulation of the group's evidence. She proposes that the only way out is to rely on the epistemic propriety of the individual group members, which leads to a dilemma for group acceptance views: either they are wrong about justification, or they cease to rely only on group acceptances. I argue that there is a third option based on general expectations of epistemic propriety that restricts the group's maximal justification. A group cannot be more justified than any individual in the group's position could be expected to be. I motivate this solution by a discussion of normative defeat and epistemic expectations as proposed by Goldberg (2018).
A new epistemological case for theism
Authors: DE RAY CHRISTOPHE 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRelying on inference to the best explanation (IBE) requires one to hold the intuition that the world is ‘intelligible’, that is, such that states of affairs at least generally have explanations for their obtaining. I argue that metaphysical naturalists are rationally required to withhold this intuition, unless they cease to be naturalists. This is because all plausible naturalistic aetiologies of the intuition entail that the intuition and the state of affairs which it represents are not causally connected in an epistemically appropriate way. Given that one ought to rely on IBE, naturalists are forced to pick the latter and change their world-view. Traditional theists, in contrast, do not face this predicament. This, I argue, is strong grounds for preferring traditional theism to naturalism.
Can Nepal achieve nutritional targets by 2030? A trend analysis of childhood undernutrition in Nepal from 2001 to 2016
Authors: Adhikari Sasmita Poudel , Zhou Huan , Adhikari Ramesh , Ye Ruixue , al-Zangabila Khaled , Wang Qingzhi , Sunil Thankam S 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjective:This study assesses the prevalence of childhood undernutrition from 2001 to 2016 and estimate projections of undernutrition for 2016–2030 in Nepal.Design:The study used data from four rounds of a cross-sectional survey of Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) conducted in 2001, 2006, 2011 and 2016. Descriptive analyses were conducted to calculate prevalence, binary logistic regression was used to test the significance of trends over time and autoregressive integrated moving average model was used to forecast the prevalence of childhood undernutrition.Settings:The children and household member datasets from four NDHS were merged to assess the trends of childhood undernutrition in Nepal.Participants:A total of 16 613 children (8399 male and 8214 female) under 5 years of age were selected for anthropometric measurements using a stratified cluster random sampling method.Results:Overall results show a decline in prevalence of stunting from 57·2 % to 35·8 % (P < 0·001), underweight from 42·7 % to 27 % (P < 0·001) and wasting from 11·2 % to 9·7 % (P < 0·05) from 2001 to 2016. However, different population subgroups have a higher prevalence of undernutrition than national average. Further, the analyses show that the prevalence of stunting will decline to 14·3 % and wasting to 8·4 % by 2030.Conclusion:A remarkable decrease in the prevalence of stunting and underweight has been observed over the last 15 years. Nepal is likely to achieve the nutritional targets for stunting but not for wasting by 2030. Given large subpopulation variations, further improvement in undernutrition require more specific, targeted and localised programmes.