bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lifting Triplet Energy and Bipolar Characteristics by Limiting the Rotation of the Peripheral Groups in Host Materials to Achieve High‐Efficiency Blue OLED
Authors: Liang Xiaozhong , Liu Zemei , Xia Yan , Li Da , Li Jie , Wang Hua , Zhang Zheng , Wang Sijing , Zhao Bo , Li Zhijun , Xing Yifan , Guo Kunpeng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBipolar host materials with high triplet energy are of great significance for highly efficient blue organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). In this work, three donor‐acceptor‐donor (D‐A‐D) type host materials with identical non‐rigid diphenylsulfone center but differing in rotation degree of peripheral amino substituted derivatives from rotating freely diphenylamine (SODP) to rotating partially iminodibenzyl (SOId) and rotating restricted carbazole (SOCz) were designed and synthesized. It was demonstrated that the triplet energy (ET) level of the materials promoted by limiting the rotation degree of the peripheral groups, which was 2.72 eV for SODP, 2.73 eV for SOId and 2.78 eV for SOCz, respectively. Besides, the results of the single‐carrier devices indicate SOCz possess better bipolar characteristic. Using FIrpic as guest emitter, the blue OLED with SOCz as host material exhibited superior device performance with a low turn‐on voltage of 3.3 V, a maximum current efficiency (CE) of 30.1 cd A−1, a maximum power efficiency (PE) of 32.2 lm W−1, and a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 14.0%. This work provides a beneficial guideline for realizing promising host materials in efficient blue OLEDs.
Development of a recombinant nucleocapsid protein‐based ELISA for the detection of IgM and IgG antibodies to SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Ranjbar Maryam , Asadi Marzieh , Nourigorji Marjan , Sarkari Bahador , Mostafavi‐Pour Zohreh , Zomorodian Kamiar , Shabaninejad Zahra , Taheri‐Anganeh Mortaza , Maleksabet Amir , Moghadami Mohsen , Savardashtaki Amir 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCoronavirus 2019 (COVID‐19) is a global concern for public health. Thus, early and accurate diagnosis is a critical step in management of this infectious disease. Currently, RT‐PCR is routine diagnosis test for COVID‐19, but it has some limitations and false negative results. enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) against SARS‐CoV‐2 antigens seems to be an appropriate approach for serodiagnosis of COVID‐19. In the current study, an ELISA system, using a recombinant nucleocapsid (N) protein, was developed for the detection of IgM and IgG antibodies to SARS‐CoV‐2. The related protein was expressed, purified, and used in an ELISA system. Sera samples (67) for COVID‐19 patients, as well as sera samples from healthy volunteers (112), along with sera samples from non‐COVID‐19 patients were examined by the ELISA system. The expression and purity of the recombinant N protein were approved by SDS‐PAGE and Western blotting. The sensitivity of ELISA system was 91.04 and 92.53% for the detection of IgG and IgM antibodies, respectively. Moreover, the specificity of the developed ELISA system for IgG and IgM were 98.21 and 97.32%, respectively. Our developed ELISA system showed satisfactory sensitivity and specificity for the detection of antiSARS‐CoV‐2 IgM and IgG antibodies and could be used as a complementary approach for proper diagnosis of COVID‐19.
Evaluation of shoe inserts to reduce toe walking in young children with autism
Authors: Wilder David A. , Ingram Grant , Hodges Ansley C. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractToe walking is relatively common among children with autism spectrum disorder and, if untreated, can contribute to a number of medical problems. Previous research has suggested that toe walking may vary by walking surface. Some (e.g., rough) surfaces may inhibit toe walking, whereas other surfaces may encourage it. In the current study, we first conducted a functional analysis screening to verify that toe walking exhibited by two young children with autism was maintained by automatic reinforcement. Next, we assessed toe walking on a variety of surfaces, including tile, artificial grass, and grip tape. Finally, we placed inserts of the surface associated with the lowest level of toe walking into each participant's shoes. The inserts were effective to nearly eliminate toe walking by one participant and reduce toe walking to low levels for the second participant. To decrease the second participant's toe walking further, we added a hand‐on‐shoulder procedure, which was also effective. We discuss the results in terms of the putative mechanisms responsible for the reduction.
Quercus salicina Blume: Research Progress in Chemistry and Pharmacodynamics (1959–2021)
Authors: Wang Guangyue , Yin Shuanghui , Ding Yuling , Lin Zhe , Li Yong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe crude extracts of different parts (leaves and shoots) of Quercus salicina Blume (QS) have shown considerable effect in urolithiasis. QS has been widely used in clinical practice and has attracted great research interest The relevant published literature, however, reveals only partial education of its chemical components and bio‐active mechanisms, and only two review articles have summarized the QS research progress. In this review, a comprehensive and systematic review of chemistry and pharmacodynamics of QS was carried out using the international authoritative databases (1959–2021), focusing on phenols and flavonoids, and their effect such as urinary stone dissolution, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐diabetes, anti‐bacterial, antioxidant, and anti‐allergy activities as well as toxic effects. The aim of review is to provide the most recent and effective literature support for further basic research and application development.
Potassium as a Versatile Promoter to Tailor the Distribution of the Olefins in CO2 Hydrogenation over Iron‐Based Catalyst
Authors: Wang Shunwu , Ji Yushan , Liu Xuancheng , Yan Shirun , Xie Songhai , Pei Yan , Li Hexing , Qiao Minghua , Zong Baoning 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe effect of K on the distribution and productivity of the olefins in CO2 hydrogenation over the single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) supported Fe catalysts was systematically investigated. The promotion of K not only effectively suppressed the formation of the undesired light paraffins (CH4 and C20−C40), but also significantly affected the distribution and the productivity of the olefins. The highest selectivity and productivity of light olefins (C2=−C4=) of 27 % and 16 μmolCO2 gFe−1 s−1, respectively, were obtained at 7 wt% of K, while the highest selectivity and productivity of heavy olefins (C5+=) of 40 % and 27 μmolCO2 gFe−1 s−1, respectively, were obtained at 3 wt% of K under the same reaction conditions. At 3 wt% of K and above, the overall selectivity to the olefins (inclusive of light olefins and heavy olefins) remained at as high as ca. 60 % at high CO2 conversion of ca. 50 %. Comprehensive characterizations revealed that the K promoter enhanced the basicity of the catalyst, which facilitates the formation of χ‐Fe5C2, the key active phase for CO2 hydrogenation. A good linear relationship is established between the surface basicity and the content of χ‐Fe5C2. Moreover, the K promoter weakened the adsorption of the olefins, which inhibited the secondary hydrogenation of the olefins, thus improving the selectivity to the olefins. This work demonstrates that K is a highly promising promoter for the tailoring of the types of the olefinic products in CO2 hydrogenation.
An Imidazole‐Rich Pd(II)‐Polymer Pre‐catalyst for the Suzuki‐Miyaura Coupling: Stability Influenced by Dissolved Oxygen and Reactants Concentration
Authors: Nishida Elvis N. , Leopoldino Elder C. , Zaramello Laíze , Centurion Higor A. , Gonçalves Renato V. , Affeldt Ricardo F. , Campos Carlos E. M. , Souza Bruno S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHerein a novel Pd(II)‐polymeric pre‐catalyst was prepared by coordinating Pd(II) ions to a low cost imidazole/carboxylate‐rich polymer. The material displays good activity in the Suzuki‐Miyaura coupling towards a range of aryl bromides and iodides in iPrOH/H2O mixtures at 25 or 60 °C. Catalyst longevity and recyclability proved to be sensitive to the concentration of the cross‐coupling partners. When the concentration of PhBr is high ([PhBr]=250 mmol L−1), inactive Pd(0) aggregates were detected. On the other hand, when the reaction was performed at 20‐fold dilution ([PhBr]=12.5 mmol L−1) the material could be reused up to 12 times without significant loss of catalytic activity. In this condition, minimum amount of Pd(0) was detected by XPS analysis and no Pd(0) aggregates were observed by XRPD. Importantly, it was found that the presence of oxygen is fundamental for avoiding formation of inactive Pd(0) aggregates.
Associations of anemia with death and major bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation: A report from the Chinese Atrial Fibrillation Registry Study
Authors: Zhang Zhuxin , Jiang Chao , He Liu , Bai Yu , Wu Jiahui , Hu Rong , Lv Qiang , Ning Man , Feng Li , Tang Ribo , Sang Caihua , Long Deyong , Dong Jianzeng , Du Xin , Lip Gregory Y. H. , Ma Changsheng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundAnemia is a common comorbidity in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Reports on the association of anemia and adverse events in patients with AF, especially from Asia, are limited.Methods and ResultsBased on data from the Chinese Atrial Fibrillation Registry Study (CAFR), a total of 18,106 AF patients enrolled between August 2011 and December 2018 had hemoglobin (Hb) values recorded at baseline. Patients were classified into three groups according to Hb levels: 15,606 patients (86.2%) into the no anemia group (male Hb≥130 g/L; female Hb≥120 g/L), 1800 (9.9%) with mild anemia (male 110≤Hb<129 g/L; female 110≤Hb<119 g/L), and 700 (3.9%) with moderate to severe anemia (Hb≤109 g/L). Multivariable Cox regression models were used to determine if anemia was independently associated with all‐cause death, cardiovascular death, or major bleeding, after adjusting for confounders.Anemia was present in 13.8% of the population at baseline. During a median follow‐up of 4.01 years, the incidences of all‐cause death (1.8, 4.9, and 8.9 per 100 person‐years), cardiovascular death (1.0, 2.9, and 4.5 per 100 person‐years), and major bleeding (0.5, 0.6, and 0.7 per 100 person‐years) were gradually accentuated in patients with no anemia, mild anemia, and moderate to severe anemia, respectively. Compared with patients with no anemia, those with anemia had higher risks for all‐cause death (mild anemia; adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 1.22, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08–1.38; moderate to severe anemia; adjusted HR: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.31–1.77); and cardiovascular death (mild anemia; adjusted HR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.10–1.52; moderate to severe anemia; adjusted HR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.03–1.57), but not for major bleeding. The association between anemia and all‐cause death was similar among subgroups stratified by sex, kidney function, anticoagulant, or ablation therapy.ConclusionsAnemia was associated with increased risks of all‐cause death, cardiovascular death, but no major bleeding in AF patients. The effect of anemia correction on the prognosis of patients with AF requires further study.
Trends in conventional cardiovascular risk factors and myocardial infarction subtypes among young Chinese men with a first acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Zhang Min , Zuo Hui‐Juan , Yang Hong‐Xia , Nan Nan , Song Xian‐Tao 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is limited data on the characteristics of conventional risk factors (RFs) in young Chinese men hospitalized with a first acute myocardial infarction (AMI).HypothesisWe analyzed the trends in and prevalence of cardiovascular RFs and subtypes of MI during the first AMI in young Chinese men.MethodsA total of 2739 men aged 18–44 years hospitalized for a first AMI were identified from 2007 to 2017. The overall prevalence of RFs and their respective temporal trends and subtypes of AMI were evaluated.ResultsThe most prevalent conditions were smoking, followed by hypertension and then obesity. Patients aged <35 years had a much higher prevalence of hypercholesterolemia and obesity. Compared with a similar reference population in the United States, young Chinese men had a higher prevalence of smoking and dyslipidemia, but a lower prevalence of obesity, hypertension, and diabetes. The prevalence of hypertension increased from 2007 through 2017 (p trend <.001), whereas smoking decreased gradually. AMI frequently presented as ST‐segment elevation MI (STEMI) (77.5%). Cluster of conventional RFs (3 RFs, odds ratio [OR]: 1.69, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.11–2.57; ≥4 RFs, OR: 2.50, 95% CI: 1.55–4.03] and multivessel disease (OR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.08–1.60) increased the risk of non‐STEMI (NSTEMI).ConclusionsConventional RFs were highly prevalent in young Chinese men who were hospitalized for first AMI events, and the temporal trends varied different between China and US populations. Multivessel disease and cluster of conventional RFs are closely related to NSTEMI. Optimized preventive strategies among young adults are warranted.
Intelligent admission control manager for fog‐integrated cloud: A hybrid machine learning approach
Authors: Sham Eht E , Vidyarthi Deo Prakash 
Published: December 2021

SummaryInternet of Things (IoT) and other smart devices produce data that are large in volume, variety, and velocity. Cloud not only helps in data analysis, but also provides storage and computation facility to these data. It has been experienced that for many time‐critical applications, by the time request traverses back and forth to the cloud for analysis/execution, the opportunity to act upon it may get over. Therefore, time sensitivity and priority for such applications greatly matter. Fog computing, an upcoming computing infrastructure, complements the cloud and overcomes this limitation by supporting time‐sensitive and priority‐based applications by provisioning the computation, bandwidth, and storage. However, adopting fog‐integrated cloud introduces newer resource management challenges requiring a new request scheduling scheme with appropriate quality of service/experience (QoS/QoE). In this work, an intelligent admission control manager is being proposed for placing the request based on the parameters such as CPU, memory, storage besides few other categorical parameters, for example, job priority and time sensitivity. The proposed work applies machine intelligence techniques, clustering for labeling the applications' requests followed by a decision tree, using the labeled requests, to classify the incoming requests. The proposed methodology is demonstrated in terms of accuracy, execution time, precision, recall, variation in accuracy, and execution time by introducing noise in multiple size batches to avoid the generalization error and fault tolerance. A comparative study with few well‐known classifiers has also been performed to ascertain the effectiveness of the proposed model. The proposed model is light enough to be placed appropriately on the fog node.
Towards a sustainable artificial intelligence: A case study of energy efficiency in decision tree algorithms
Authors: Ferro Mariza , Silva Gabrieli D. , de Paula Felipe B. , Vieira Vitor , Schulze Bruno 
Published: December 2021

AbstractArtificial intelligence has been showing accelerated growth due to its use in solving problems in several application domains. This success results from the convergence of large amounts of data, high‐performance computing, and precision of machine learning (ML) algorithms. Even with the relevance of ML algorithms, little is known about their computational requirements and power consumption, which has become an important task to achieve greener computing. This work aims to evaluate the energy efficiency of the ML algorithms to identify their energy hotspots. Also, to investigate which influences the energy consumption (EC) of these algorithms and how the parameters design could affect it. We conducted a series of experiments using 27 different datasets, 2 decision trees algorithms, and 2 ensembles for classification and regression tasks to answer these questions. Our results show interesting findings, such as, like some simple parameters choice can have a high impact on EC, as a consequence, finding greener strategies for AI.
A 22.7‐ to 44.2‐GHz Darlington dual‐injection injection‐locked frequency tripler with >35dBc harmonic rejection for multiband 5G communication systems
Authors: Li Zhen , Li Zhenrong , Wang Xudong , Quan Xing , Wang Zeyuan , Zhuang Yiqi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper presents an ultra‐wideband varactor‐less injection‐locked frequency tripler (ILFT) based on Darlington dual‐injection topology targeting millimeter‐wave multiband fifth generation (5G) communication systems. By utilizing the proposed Darlington dual‐injection injector, the current injection efficiency is improved; thus, the locking range is extended significantly without introducing the varactors. In addition, the Darlington dual‐injection topology enhances the harmonic rejection performance by suppressing undesired harmonics. Implemented in 65‐nm CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) technology, the proposed ILFT can operate from 22.7 to 44.2 GHz and consumes 6.2 mA at 1.2 V supply voltage. The harmonics rejection is more than 35 dBc and occupies 0.17 mm2.
Maintained partial protection against Streptococcus pneumoniae despite B‐cell depletion in mice vaccinated with a pneumococcal glycoconjugate vaccine
Authors: Ercoli Giuseppe , Ramos‐Sevillano Elisa , Pearce Emma , Ragab Sara , Goldblatt David , Weckbecker Gisbert , Brown Jeremy S 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivesAnti‐CD20 monoclonal antibody therapy rapidly depletes > 95% of CD20+ B cells from the circulation. B‐cell depletion is an effective treatment for autoimmune disease and B‐cell malignancies but also increases the risk of respiratory tract infections. This effect on adaptive immunity could be countered by vaccination. We have used mouse models to investigate the effects of B‐cell depletion on pneumococcal vaccination, including protection against infection and timing of vaccination in relation to B‐cell depletion.MethodsC57BL/6 female mice were B‐cell depleted using anti‐CD20 antibody and immunized with two doses of Prevnar‐13 vaccine either before or after anti‐CD20 treatment. B‐cell repertoire and Streptococcus pneumoniae–specific IgG levels were measured using whole‐cell ELISA and flow cytometry antibody‐binding assay. Protection induced by vaccination was assessed by challenging the mice using a S. pneumoniae pneumonia model.ResultsAntibody responses to S. pneumoniae were largely preserved in mice B‐cell depleted after vaccination resulting in full protection against pneumococcal infections. In contrast, mice vaccinated with Prevnar‐13 while B cells were depleted (with > 90% reduction in B‐cell numbers) had decreased circulating anti–S. pneumoniae IgG and IgM levels (measured using ELISA and flow cytometry antibody binding assays). However, some antibody responses were maintained, and, although vaccine‐induced protection against S. pneumoniae infection was impaired, septicaemia was still prevented in 50% of challenged mice.ConclusionsThis study showed that although vaccine efficacy during periods of profound B‐cell depletion was impaired some protective efficacy was preserved, suggesting that vaccination remains beneficial.
Adherence, control of cardiometabolic factors and therapeutic inertia in patients with type 2 diabetes in the primary care setting
Authors: Orozco‐Beltrán Domingo , Cinza‐Sanjurjo Sergio , Escribano‐Serrano José , López‐Simarro Flora , Fernández Gonzalo , Gómez García Antón , Ferreira de Campos Karine , Cedenilla Horcajuelo Marta 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionStudies on treatment adherence to glucose‐lowering drugs among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) including concomitant treatment for other cardiovascular risk factors are scarce. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of good adherence to all medications used to control diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia and to analyse cardiometabolic control and its associated factors in T2D patients in the primary care (PC) setting.MethodsObservational, retrospective study conducted in adult patients with T2D who were followed in the PC setting in Spain. Patients were classified as adherent in a particular category if the summary of the proportion of days covered (PDC) for a particular medication category was ≥80% and were considered globally adherent if the PDC was ≥80% for each of the 3 medication categories.ResultsA total of 457 evaluable patients were recruited, among which 321 patients (70.3%, 95% CI 65.8 to 74.4) were adherent to the three drug categories. The proportion of patients controlled for the 3 cardiometabolic risk factors was 31% according to the contemporary clinical practice guideline criteria, 58% according to investigator judgment and 36% when the objective for HbA1c was individualized. In a multivariate analysis, presenting comorbidities was associated with a lower likelihood of showing adequate control of dyslipidemia (odds ratio [OR] 0.25, 95% CI, 0.16–0.40) and the three cardiometabolic factors as a whole (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.26–0.70). In a post hoc analysis, therapeutic inertia was found to be greater for dyslipidemia and hypertension than for T2D.ConclusionsDespite a relatively high adherence to all medications for treating diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia in patients with T2D in the PC setting in Spain, the control of cardiometabolic risk factors as a whole is far from optimal. This could be related, at least in part, to the high frequency of comorbidity of these patients.
Valence Tautomerism of p‐Block Element Compounds – An Eligible Phenomenon for Main Group Catalysis?
Authors: Greb Lutz 
Published: December 2021

AbstractValence tautomerism has had a remarkable impact on several branches of transition metal chemistry. By switching between different valence tautomeric states, physicochemical properties and reactivities can be triggered reversibly. Is this phenomenon transferrable into the p‐block – or is it already happening there? This Perspective collects observations of p‐block element‐ligand systems that might be assignable to valence tautomerism. Further, it discusses occurrences in p‐block element compounds that exhibit the related effect of redox‐induced electron transfer. As disclosed, the concept of valence tautomerism with p‐block elements is at a very early stage. However, given the substantial disparity in the properties of those elements in different redox states, it might offer a valid extension for future developments in main group catalysis.