bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationships Between Empirical Damage and Direct/Indirect Costs for the Assessment of Seismic Loss Scenarios
Authors: Ludovico Marco Di , De MArtino Giuseppina , Prota Andrea , Manfredi Gaetano , Dolce Mauro 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The definition of relationships between damage and losses is a crucial aspect for the prediction of seismic effects and the development of reliable models to define risk maps, loss scenarios and mitigation strategies. The paper focuses on the analysis of post-earthquake empirical data to define relationships between buildings’ damage expressed as usability rating or as global damage state and the associated costs for repair (i.e. direct costs) or for population assistance (i.e. a part of total indirect costs). The analysis refers to the data collected on residential buildings damaged by 2009 L'Aquila earthquake. For different usability rating or damage states, the paper presents the costs expressed in terms of percentage with respect to the reference unit cost of a new building (%Cr and %Ca for repair and population assistance costs, respectively). In particular, the costs analysis refers to undamaged, lightly or severely damaged buildings classified according to usability rating (i.e. A, B-C or E according to Italian classification) or to five different global Damage States (DSs). DSs comply with European Macroseismic Scale (EMS-98) and derive from literature available matrices properly defined to convert empirical damage to structural and non-structural components into building global damage. The %Cr probability density functions and relevant statistics derive from the analysis of actual data of post-earthquake reconstruction process, while, to determine those related to %Ca, a deep analysis of population assistance types, person/month assistance cost for each assistance form, and a methodology to associate such costs to each building are herein presented and discussed. Finally the paper presents a relationship calibrated on empirical data to directly correlate repair costs on a building with assistance costs to their occupants.The relationships between empirical damage and direct and indirect costs herein presented are of paramount importance because they allow reliable loss scenarios to be defined by simply using literature fragility curves (defined according to empirical or mechanical approaches) aimed at evaluating the probability of exceeding different usability rating or damage states of existing buildings.
Changes in Body Composition and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Relation to the Reduction in Body Mass Index in Adolescents with Obesity
Authors: Durá-Travé Teodoro , Gallinas-Victoriano Fidel , Malumbres-Chacón María , Urretavizcaya-Martinez María , Moreno-González Paula , Ahmed-Mohamed Lotfi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background. There are controversial data in relation to the reduction in BMI-SDS needed to improve adiposity in the pediatric population with obesity. The aim of this work is to determine the minimum variation in body mass index standard deviation score (BMI-SDS) required to improve the values of adiposity markers and cardiometabolic risk factors in growing adolescents with obesity. Methods. A longitudinal study consisting in clinical evaluation (waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio and fat mass index, and blood pressure) and blood testing (insulin resistance and lipid profile) was conducted in 350 adolescents with obesity (152 boys and 198 girls), aged 10.2–14.3 years, that went through a combined intervention (12 months). Results. A decrease in SDS-BMI ≤0.5 was not associated with any significant improvement in the clinical features and blood testing recorded. A decrease in BMI-SDS >0.5, and especially if >1.0, was linked to a significant improvement in adiposity markers. A decrease in BMI-SDS >0.5 was associated with a significant improvement in insulin resistance, and a decrease in BMI-SDS >1.0 was associated with a significant decrease in the percentage of patients who showed high values of systolic blood pressure, HOMA-IR and lipid profile Conclusions. Improvement in body composition, insulin resistance and lipid profile can be observed with reductions in BMI-SDS of ≥0.5 in obese adolescents, while extended benefits are obtained by losing at least 1.0 BMI-SDS.
Paradigm Transition from the “Department Model” to the “Comprehensive Dental Care” Teaching Model
Authors: Khalifa Nadia , Hamseh Amel Ghazi , Michail Abdallah , Awad Manal M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to assess students’ perceptions of the gains and challenges of the patient-centered comprehensive care methodology of dental clinical training.
Methods
Self-administered questionnaires were completed by 58 out of 93 students following the end of the academic term 2017–2018.
Results
Most of the students 43 (74%) understood the philosophy behind a holistic approach to patients’ dental care and employing a multidisciplinary style. Students’ self-assessment showed significant preponderance 41 (71%) (P = 0.026) concerning treatment phases and procedural abilities as well as enhancement of their oral rehabilitation case presentations 50 (86%) (P = 0.0001). Half of the students were not able understand what they needed to work on from their daily continuous clinical assessment grades. The comprehensive dental care (CDC) concept helped them gain more confidence 44 (76%) (P = 0.005) and although students benefited from the interaction with specialists and peers the main advantage was having fixed mentors throughout the year (P = 0.000).
Conclusions
The results, besides highlighting the benefits, also address some of the shortcomings of the comprehensive care curriculum especially when it comes to grading. Consequently, there is a need for standardized and regular calibration exercises for clinical tutors (general practitioners) and specialists to enable them to impart consistent information to clinical graduates. It is also necessary for students to receive sufficient feedback on their assessment grades to help them understand and improve upon their deficiencies.
Predicting ketosis during the transition period in Holstein Friesian cows using hematological and serum biochemical parameters on the calving date
Authors: Ha Seungmin , Kang Seogjin , Han Manhye , Lee Jihwan , Chung Hakjae , Oh Sang-Ik , Kim Suhee , Park Jinho 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Ketosis often occurs during the transition period in dairy cows, which leads to economic and welfare problems. Ketosis was reported to be associated with hematological and serum biochemical parameters. However, the association between the parameters on the calving date and ketosis during the postpartum transition period remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein of Holstein cows on calving date and β-hydroxybutyrate was tested once every three days (8 times in 21 days). The cows were divided into three groups: non-ketosis, subclinical ketosis, and clinical ketosis. The clinical ketosis group significantly had the highest values of mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, β-hydroxybutyrate, non-esterified fatty acids, and total bilirubin, but the lowest values of red cell distribution width, the counts of white blood cell, monocyte, and eosinophil, albumin, alanine transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, and amylase. Non-ketosis group showed the opposite results (p < 0.05). The parameters are associated with the development and severity of ketosis. The findings suggest that these parameters on calving date may be useful indicators to identify dairy Holstein cow susceptible to ketosis during the transition period.
Prevalence and associated risk factors of hypertension and pre-hypertension among the adult population: Findings from the Dubai Household Survey, 2019
Authors: Mamdouh Heba M. , Alnakhi Wafa K. , Hussain Hamid Y. , Ibrahim Gamal M. , Hussein Amal , Mahmoud Ibrahim , Sulaiman Nabil 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Minimal data is available on the prevalence and correlates of hypertension and prehypertension in Dubai. The study aims to measure the prevalence of hypertension and pre-hypertension and the associated socio-demographic characteristics, behavioral risk factors and comorbidities among the adult population of Dubai.
Methods
This study used data from the Dubai Household Health Survey, 2019. A cross-sectional population survey based on a complex stratified cluster random design. The total eligible sample included 2,530 adults (18+). Sociodemographic and behavioral factors were considered as independent covariates. The main study outcome variables, pre-hypertension and hypertension, were ordinal, with normotension as the reference group.
Results
The overall prevalence of hypertension in adults was 32.5% (38.37% in males and 16.66% in females). Prehypertension was prevalent in 29.8% of adults in Dubai (28.85% in males and 32.31% in females). The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age groups, gender, occupation, and high Body Mass Index were significantly associated with a higher risk of hypertension at the level of p < 0.05. No clear trend toward a higher correlation of hypertension was noted with the increase in age, except after the age of 50 years. Males were five- times more likely to be hypertensive than females. Participants enrolled in skilled and service works had a five times higher risk of hypertension, compared with the reference group (professionals). Obese subjects had a 5.47 times greater correlation of hypertension compared with normal-weight subjects. Physically active individuals were less likely to develop hypertension. For the correlates with prehypertension in the present analysis, skilled and service workers and those working in elementary jobs had a higher risk of prehypertension, compared with the reference group (professionals) Individuals with a status of overweight were associated with a higher prevalence of prehypertension compared with people of normal weight.
Conclusions
This study showed a high prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension among adults in Dubai. Some socio-demographic and behavioral risk factors were correlated with prehypertension and hypertension among the studied population. Interventions aiming at increasing public awareness about such risk factors are essential.
Re-emergence of syphilis in women of reproductive age and its association with the increase in congenital syphilis, the case of Mexico during the years 2010-2019
Authors: García-Cisneros Santa , Herrera-Ortiz Antonia , Olamendi-Portugal Maria , Sanchez-Aleman Miguel A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundSyphilis is a sexually transmitted infection that is re-emerging in different parts of the world. This infection can be transmitted during pregnancy causing neonatal syphilis. The objective of the study was to determine the trend of syphilis, congenital syphilis, and mortality from congenital syphilis among the Mexican population between the years 2010-2019. MethodsWe formed databases about the incidence of syphilis, the incidence of congenital syphilis, cases of congenital syphilis, and deaths of congenital syphilis using information from the Morbidity and Mortality Yearbooks and the Bulletin of the Mexican Ministry of Health, considering age, sex, the states of Mexico, and year. The trend was analyzed using linear regression, the increase was estimated with 95% confidence intervals, and p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. ResultsThe incidence of syphilis increases on average 0.336 cases/100,000, being higher among women aged 15-19 years (0.693 cases). Congenital syphilis has grown, from 62 cases in the year 2010 to 372 cases in the year 2019; the cases of congenital syphilis have relation to the increase of syphilis among women aged 20-24 years. Fifty percent of the states of Mexico without cases of congenital syphilis in 2010, but only 10% in 2018. Between the years 2010 to 2017, 62 deaths from congenital syphilis were reported. ConclusionCongenital syphilis is increasing in Mexico, as a consequence of the reemergence of syphilis among the population of reproductive age, it is necessary to attend to syphilis in various population groups.
Community-level Educational Attainment and Dementia: A 6-year Longitudinal Multilevel Study in Japan
Authors: Takasugi Tomo , Tsuji Taishi , Hanazato Masamichi , Miyaguni Yasuhiro , Ojima Toshiyuki , Kondo Katsunori 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background:Understanding of the association between community-level socioeconomic status and dementia is insufficient. We examined the contextual effect of community-level prevalence of lower educational attainment on the risk of dementia incidence. This work further explored the potential differences in associations for urban and non-urban areas. Methods:We analyzed a six-year prospective cohort data from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study, a nationwide survey between 2010 and 2012 of 49,888 (23,339 men and 26,549 women) physically and cognitively independent individuals aged ≥65 years from 346 communities at 16 municipalities in seven prefectures. Dementia incidence was assessed through the public long-term care insurance system by the Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare in Japan. Educational years were dichotomized as ≤9 years and ≥10 years. We classified urban and non-urban areas using a Functional Urban Area defined by the European Union (EU) and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). We performed a two-level (community- and individual-level) multilevel survival analysis to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results:The cumulative incidence of dementia during the follow-up period was 10.3%. The mean proportion of educational attainment with ≤9 years was 41.1% (range, 4.7%–88.4%). Higher prevalence of community-level lower educational attainment had a significant association with a higher risk of dementia incidence (HR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.00–1.06, estimated by 10 percentage points of lower educational attainment) post adjusting for individual-level educational years, age, sex, income, residential years, disease, alcohol, smoking, social isolation, and population density. The association was significant in non-urban areas (HR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.00–1.10). Conclusions:Older people living in communities with a higher prevalence of less educational attainment among their age demographic tended to develop dementia more often than those living in areas with a lower prevalence of less educational attainment after adjusting for individual-level educational attainment and covariates. In particular, the association was more pronounced in non-urban areas than in urban areas. Securing education for adolescence as a life course and population approach could thus be crucial to prevent dementia later in life among all older people living in non-urban areas.
Investigating the Cutting Force Monitoring System in the Boring Process
Authors: Liu Qiang , Gao Dayong , Jia Ruhong , Zhou Qiang , Bai Zhengyan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Due to the closed environment during deep hole boring, it is impossible to observe the working state of the boring bar. Studies show that monitoring the cutting force is the most direct and effective way to reflect the processing status. In this regard, a cutting force monitoring system is designed in the present study for the boring process. The main idea of the designed monitoring system is the piezoelectric effect of the strain gauge. When the tool tip is subjected to the cutting force, the sensor deforms and the strain sensor generates a voltage signal. Accordingly, the cutting force can be obtained by establishing the correlation between the voltage and the applied cutting force. The force of the boring bar and the output of the sensor were analyzed, and an experimental platform for monitoring the boring force was built. This method is applied in a case study and the obtained results demonstrate that the developed cutting force monitoring system has good compatibility, high precision and good dynamic characteristics. It is found that that the measurement error of the designed system in the boring process is less than 9.18%, which meets the accuracy requirements of measurements in the dynamic cutting force under machining conditions.
Identification and Prioritization of Local Indicators of Hospital Bed Allocation in Iran
Authors: Najibi Seyede Maryam , lotfi farhad , Kharazmi Erfan , farhadi payam , Shojaei Payam , Bastani Peivand , Shiraz Zahra Kavosi- 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: The distribution of hospital beds can be used as an indicator for evaluating the distribution of health services. This study aimed to determine and prioritize indicators of bed allocation in Iran.Methods: In the first phase of the study we determined factors affecting bed distribution using a scoping review. In the second and third phases we applied expert panel and Delphi method to localize indicators of bed allocation. Finally, we carried out Analytic Network Process (ANP) approach based on Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) technique (DANP) to determine the weight and importance of indicators and to evaluate the causal relationship between them.Results: We identified 75 criteria affecting the distribution of beds through scoping review. In two rounds of Delphi, 28 criteria were agreed upon and entered into the DANP phase. Population, existence of a reference hospital in the area, the type of hospital (general/specialized), common diseases in the area, existence of home care services have had the most interaction with other variables. The variable of home care services was at the highest level of the causal chain.Conclusions: Bed occupancy rate, the average length of stay, waiting list, as well as type and level of the hospital had the highest priority in the distribution of hospital beds. Moreover, considering the importance of home care, policies should be adopted to expand these services nationwide. The criteria identified in this study will be helpful in developing policies aimed at equitable allocation of hospital beds considering the efficiency criteria.
In vivo Efficacy and Safety of Artemether-Lumefantrine and Amodiaquine-Artesunate for Uncomplicated Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria in Mozambique, 2018
Authors: Nhama Abel , Nhamussua Lidia , Macete Eusébio , Bassat Quique , Salvador Crizolgo , Enosse Sónia , Candrinho Baltazar , Carvalho Eva , Nhacolo Arsenio , Chidimatembue Arlindo , Saifodine Abuchahama , Zulliger Rose , Lucchi Naomi , Svigel Samaly S. , Moriarty Leah F. , Halsey Eric S. , Mayor Alfredo , Aide Pedro 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background : Artemisinin-based combination therapy has been the recommended treatment for uncomplicated malaria in Mozambique since 2006, with artemether-lumefantrine (AL) and amodiaquine-artesunate (AS-AQ) as first-line treatments. To assess efficacy of currently used artemisinin-based combination therapy, an in vivo therapeutic efficacy study was conducted. Methods : The study was conducted in four sentinel sites: Montepuez, Moatize, Mopeia and Massinga. Patients between 6 to 59 months old with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria (2,000–200,000 parasites/µl) were enrolled between February and September of 2018, assigned to either an AL or AS-AQ treatment arm, and monitored for 28 days. A Bayesian algorithm was applied to differentiate recrudescence from new infection using genotyping data of seven neutral microsatellites. Uncorrected and PCR-corrected efficacy results at day 28 were calculated. Results : Totals of 368 and 273 patients were enrolled in the AL and AS-AQ arms, respectively. Of these, 9.5% (35/368) and 5.1% (14/273) were lost to follow-up in the AL and AS-AQ arms, respectively. There were 48 and 3 recurrent malaria infections (late clinical and late parasitological failures) in the AL and AS-AQ arms, respectively. The day 28 uncorrected efficacy was 85.3% (95% CI: 81.1–88.9%) for AL and 98.8% (95% CI: 96.7–99.8%) for AS-AQ, whereas day 28 PCR-corrected efficacy was 97.9% (95% CI: 95.6–99.2%) for AL and 99.6 % (95% CI: 97.9–100%) for AS-AQ. Molecular testing confirmed that 87.4% (42/48) and 33.3% (1/3) of participants with a recurrent malaria infection in the AL and AS-AQ arms were new infections; an expected finding in a high malaria transmission area. Adverse events were documented in less than 2% of participants for both drugs. Conclusion : Both AL and AS-AQ have therapeutic efficacies well above the 90% WHO recommended threshold and remain well-tolerated in Mozambique. Routine monitoring of therapeutic efficacy should continue to ensure the treatments remain efficacious. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT04370977
Performance Analysis of Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface in a Dual-Hop DF Relay Empowered Asymmetric RF/FSO Networks
Authors: Odeyemi Kehinde O , Owolawi Pius A. , Olakanmi Oladayo O. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the performance analysis of a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) in a dual-hop decode-and-forward (DF) relay empowered asymmetric radio frequency (RF)/free space optical (FSO) systems is presented. The RIS-assisted RF network is subjected to Nakagami-m distribution while the RIS-assisted FSO networks experience Gamma-Gamma distribution in which both atmospheric turbulence and pointing errors are considered. Thus, the closed-form expressions for the system outage probability and average bit error rate (ABER) are derived with limited number of reflecting elements at RIS-assisted RF network and multiple number of reflecting elements at RIS-assisted FSO network. Further, to obtain more insight about the system characteristic, the asymptotic closed-form expressions are derived at high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for the system performance metrics. The results illustrate the impact of the system and channel parameters on the proposed system in terms of atmospheric turbulence, pointing errors under beam width condition, m-fading parameter, and number of reflecting elements. The correctness of the derived analytical expressions is validated via the Monte-Carlo simulations.
Associations of Body Shapes with Insulin Resistance and Cardiometabolic Risk in Middle-aged and Elderly Chinese
Authors: Zhou Yulin , Hou Yanan , Xiang Jiali , Dai Huajia , Li Mian , Wang Tiange , Wang Shuangyuan , Lin Hong , Lu Jieli , Xu Yu , Chen Yuhong , Wang Weiqing , Bi Yufang , Zhao Zhiyun , Xu Min 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: We aimed to define refined body shapes by using multiple anthropometric traits that represent fat distribution, and evaluate their associations with risk of insulin resistance (IR) and cardiometabolic disorders in a Chinese population. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis in 6570 community-based participants aged ≥ 40 years. Four body circumferences (neck, waist, hip and thigh) and their ratios were put simultaneously into an open-source Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis platform to select the worthiest indicators in determining IR. The ratio of the top 3 fat distribution indicators were used to define the refined body shapes. Results: We defined 8 distinct body shapes based on sex-specific combinations of waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-thigh ratio (WTR) and waist-to-neck ratio (WNR), which differed in participants’ distribution and risk of IR and related cardiometabolic disorders. In women, as compared to the low WHR-low WTR-low WNR shape, all body shapes were significantly associated with IR and related cardiometabolic disorders; while in men, the low WHR-high WTR-high WNR shape and the higher WHR related shapes were significantly associated with IR and related cardiometabolic disorders. Stratified by WHR, the results were consistent in women; however, no significant associations were detected in men. Conclusions: We defined 8 distinct body shapes by taking WHR, WTR, and WNR, simultaneously into account, which differed in association with risk of IR and related cardioembolic disorders in women. This study suggest that body shapes defined by multiple anthropometrics traits could provide a useful, convenient and easily available method for identification cardiometabolic risk.