bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of Adverse Perinatal Outcomes and Antenatal Depression Based on the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale
Authors: Chen Xin-Ning , Hu Yao , Hu Wei-Hong , Xia Xian , Li Xiao-Tian 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objective:
The aim of the study is to investigate the relationship between antenatal depression and adverse perinatal outcomes.

Methods:
This prospective cohort study enrolled pregnant women between gestational ages of 12-20 weeks to complete the Chinese version of the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) and followed them for delivery from September 2015 to September 2016. Participants were classified into mild, moderate, and severe depression groups according to the SDS scores. Logistic regression was performed to assess the association between antenatal depression and perinatal outcomes including preterm birth (PTB), cesarean section use, hypertension disorders, gestational diabetes, and thyroid diseases during pregnancy. An age-stratified analysis was performed.

Results:
A total of 4,663 pregnant women were analyzed. As a result, 13.8%, 1.7%, and 0.2% of women were classified as mild, moderate, and severe depression, respectively. Severely depressed mothers were at higher risk for PTB (adjusted odds ratio [OR] =11.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.13-60.03), especially spontaneous PTB. Moderate-depressed women were at higher risk for hyperthyroidism during pregnancy (adjusted OR = 3.67, 95% CI 1.10-12.27), while women with mild depression tended to choose cesarean sections (OR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.04-1.49). Age-stratified analysis indicated an elevated risk of adverse outcomes associated with depression in women aged <25 years, but the association was not significant.

Conclusions:
Antenatal depression was associated with PTB, hyperthyroidism, and cesarean use. Studies with large sample sizes should verify the relationship between PTB and antenatal depression to avoid casual events.
Factors Affecting Contralateral Extremity Following Lower-Extremity Major Amputation
Authors: Nishan B , Sivakrishna K , Hudgi V Vishal , Ahsan VP , Vivekanand  
Published: April 2021

Objective:
Lower-extremity amputation is performed in patients who are at risk due to acute limb ischemia (ALI), chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI), and diabetic foot infections, yet the proportion of patients who progress to amputation of their contralateral extremity following major amputation is not well defined. This study determines the rate of subsequent minor or major amputation of a contralateral extremity.

Methods:
We conducted a retrospective review of patients undergoing lower-extremity major amputation at JIVAS from 2011 to 2015. Outcomes included the proportion of patients who underwent minor or major amputation of contralateral extremity for a follow-up of 3 years.

Results:
From 2011 to 2015 period, 113 patients underwent major lower-extremity amputation. The mean age of patients was 59.5 years. Seventy-five percent were male, 88% were diabetic, 69% were hypertensive, 19% had renal insufficiency, 35% had coronary artery disease, 15% were smokers, 31% presented with diabetic foot infections, 20% presented with ALI (four patients underwent contralateral major amputation within the same admission), and 48% presented with CLTI who underwent an initial major amputation. After ipsilateral major amputation, 54% had normal contralateral extremity (four patients had ALI and six patients had CLTI and underwent revascularization), 14% underwent contralateral minor amputation (toe/transmetatarsal), 4% underwent contralateral major amputation (below/above the knee), 6% lost to follow-up, and 19% were dead at follow-up for 3 years. In this study, there is no significant difference between factors (gender and comorbidities) affecting contralateral limb amputation in patients who underwent major amputation.

Conclusions:
Preexisting comorbidities and gender might not affect contralateral limb amputations in patients with major amputation. Good control of comorbidities in the follow-up and diligent foot care probably play a role in predicting contralateral limb amputations. Vascular surgeons should be alert, and close surveillance and counseling of patients should be followed to prevent subsequent amputation in their contralateral lower extremity.
Outcome of Prosthetic Arteriovenous Graft in Lower Limb for Hemodialysis
Authors: Haseen Mohd A , Yadav Mayank , Singh Sumit P , Yadav Renu 
Published: April 2021

Background:
The burden of chronic kidney disease and the incidence of end-stage renal disease in India are continuously increasing. For each of these patients, adequate vascular access for dialysis is essential for survival. Access to patients' blood can come in the form of a catheter, native arteriovenous fistula (AVF), or prosthetic graft. It is apparent that the number of new “incident” patients and “prevalent” patients will continue to increase, requiring stable forms of vascular access. An alternative to autologous AVF is placement of a synthetic vascular graft prosthesis.

Methods:
This is a retrospective study which aims to evaluate the outcome of 10 consecutive patients with arteriovenous grafts (AVGs) made for hemodialysis in patients with exhaustive veins/failed AVFs with central venous catheters (CVCs) in situ.

Results:
The mean age of patients in our study was 54 years. The primary patency rate of AVGs was 50% and 30%, whereas the secondary patency rate was found to be 80% and 60% at 6 months and 1 year, respectively.

Conclusion:
AVGs can be used as an alternative to AVFs with acceptable results.
Role of Doppler Ultrasound in Assessing the Severity of Peripheral Arterial Diseases of the Lower Limb
Authors: Islam Syeda Nilufar , Deka Nabanita , Hussain Zohaib 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Peripheral arterial disease is defined as a clinical disorder in which there is a stenosis or occlusion of the arteries of the limbs. The most common etiology is ischemia due to occlusive disease. The objective of this study is to assess the severity of lower-limb peripheral arterial diseases based on various Doppler parameters.

Methods:
This descriptive cross-sectional study comprised 55 patients with clinical signs and symptoms of lower-limb peripheral arterial disease. Both inpatients and outpatients attending the authors' institute were taken up for the study. In this study, Doppler sonography was performed using 3–12 MHz linear array and 1–7 MHz curvilinear array transducers (SAMSUNG RS80A Ultrasound System).

Results:
Out of 55 patients, Doppler sonography demonstrated echogenic plaques in 32 patients and corkscrew collaterals in 15 patients. Monophasic waveform with peak systolic velocity ratio of >2:1 was found in 42 patients, which is consistent with significant stenoses.

Conclusion:
Our study shows that Duplex Doppler sonography aided by color Doppler sonography can accurately locate the site and severity of stenosis/occlusion. It is safe, cost-effective, repeatable, and noninvasive.
Clinical and Pathological Examination of Jaw Masses
Authors: Aydin Sedat , Demir Mehmet Gökhan , Baran Hacer 
Published: April 2021

Introductıon:
The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the clinicopathological features of the patients who presented with a mass in the jaw.

Materıals and Methods:
Clinical files and histopathological records of 69 patients who presented to our clinic with complaints of swelling or mass in the upper or lower jaw between 2010 and 2018 were analyzed retrospectively.

Results:
Of the cysts and tumoral lesions in patients, 50.7% (35/69) were located in the maxilla and 49.3% (34/69) were located in the mandible. 23 (32.8%) odontogenic cysts, 11 (15,7%) non-odontogenic cysts, 15 (21.4%) odontogenic tumors, 12 (17,4%) local metastases from adjacent tissues to maxilla and mandible, 5 (7.1%) other distant metastases. Among the odontogenic cysts, the most common radicular cysts were 39.13% (10/23), the second had dentigerous cyst 34.78% (8/23). In our 11 patients with non-odontogenic cysts, only nasoalveolar cysts were observed. The distribution of odontogenic tumors are; 40% (6/15) odontoma, 26.6% (4/15) giant cell reparative granuloma, 20% (3/15) ameloblastoma, 6.6% (1/15) rates of cementoma and odontogenic fibroma.

Conclusıon:
When the etiologic causes of the patients who have complaints of mass in the jaw are examined, we can encounter many different pathologies. Although odontogenic and non-odontogenic cysts are the most common benign masses, we should consider the masses that metastasize to this region and the primary tumors originating from this region.
Pharmacists Knowledge and Contribution during Coronavirus Disease-2019 Pandemic in Sudan, 2020
Authors: Ahmed Nahid Osman , Saeed Ali Awadallah 
Published: April 2021

Introduction:
Pharmacist's knowledge about the different aspects of this pandemic is crucial because it influence their role and contribution as a frontline health-care provider, as pharmacies and most of the pharmacy practice sectors are kept open even during lockdowns providing counseling and patient care. Pharmacist can provide valuable services during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, these services may include: Provide reliable information on the disease, participate in public education on preventive measures, referring of suspected cases, insuring continuous supply of medicine.

Methods:
A web-based, cross-sectional study, conducted using the survey instrument to obtain the responses from Sudanese pharmacists during the period from May 26, 2020, to June 3, 2020. A 14-item survey instrument was developed. The web-based cross-sectional study was carried out among the Sudanese pharmacists. A self-reported structured questionnaire was divided into three sections: Demographic characteristics, questions assessing the knowledge, and one question for the pharmacist contribution during the pandemic.

Results:
The present study showed that 51.1% of pharmacists have good knowledge about the COVID-19. The work experience and education level significantly (P < 0.05) influence pharmacist knowledge. Majority of pharmacists contribute to different activities during the pandemic, for example, providing patients with transmission information (94%), provide factual and reliable information on the diseases symptoms (93.1%), providing patients with prevention information (91.1%).

Conclusion:
The present study identified that pharmacists have good knowledge about COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, pharmacists contributed in many activities as a frontline health-care provider during this pandemic.
Genetic Modification of Animals: Potential benefits and concerns
Authors: Mbah David A. , Tawah Chi Lawrence , Guewo-Fokeng Magellan 
Published: April 2021

Genetic modification (GM), a process whereby gene and genotype frequencies are changed among individuals of each generation, is driven by natural and artificial forces. Natural forces include mutation, fitness and migration/introgression, while artificial forces include selection, crossbreeding and transgenesis/genetic engineering. Genetic modification, driven by natural forces, is essentially adaptive, while modification driven by artificial forces is controlled by human intervention aimed at meeting food, health and other needs. Conventional genetic modification, under sexual reproduction within species, produces both beneficial and negative effects. Modern genetic modification – interspecific exchange of genes using genetic engineering – has beneficial and negative effects as well, which are at varying degrees depending on the species involved. Control/management systems/mechanisms are developed and applied to enable societal benefits while minimizing/preventing negative effects of conventional and modern genetic modification. Targeted analysis of selected nutrients in animal products is made on a case-by-case basis to test substantial equivalence of any compositional changes resulting from genetic modification. Unique identifiers are established to track GM animals and their products in the food chain.
Modification génétique, processus par lequel les fréquences des gènes et des génotypes sont changes parmi les individus de chaque génération, est entraînée par des forces naturelles et artificielles. Les forces naturelles incluent la mutation, compétence de mère/père pour se reproduire/survivre et la migration / introgression. Les forces artificielles comprennent la sélection, le croisement et la transgénèse / génie génétique. La modification génétique entraînée par les forces naturelles est essentiellement adaptative, tandis que celle entraînée par les forces artificielles est contrôlée par une intervention humaine visant à répondre aux besoins alimentaires, sanitaires et autres. La modification génétique conventionnelle, lors de la reproduction sexuelle au sein des espèces, produit des effets à la fois bénéfiques et négatifs. Modification génétique moderne - échange interspécifique de gènes par génie génétique - a également des effets bénéfiques et négatifs mais à des degrés divers selon les espèces impliquées. Des systèmes / mécanismes de contrôle / gestion sont développés et appliqués pour permettre des avantages pour la société tout en minimisant / empêchant les effets négatifs des modifications génétiques conventionnelles et modernes. Une analyse ciblée de nutriments sélectionnés dans les produits d’origine animale est effectuée au cas par cas afin de tester l’équivalence substantielle de tout changement de composition résultant d’une modification génétique. Des identifiants uniques sont établis pour suivre les animaux GM et leurs produits dans la chaîne alimentaire.
The Comparability of Lipid-based and Body Mass Index-based Cardiovascular Disease Risk Scores: Using the Rwanda 2012-2013 Non-communicable Diseases Risk Factors Survey Data
Authors: Berchmans Niyibizi Jean , Kufre Joseph Okop , Naomi Levitt , Rulisa Stephen , Ntawuyirushintege Seleman , Tumusiime David , Nyandwi Alypio , Ntaganda Evariste , Ayele Birhanu , Bavuma Charlotte 
Published: April 2021

Background
In Rwanda, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) ranked second of the most common cause of death in 2016. CVD risk score tools have been recommended to identify people at high risk for management.
Objective
To assess the comparability of body mass index (BMI)-based and lipid-based CVD risk scores in Rwandan population.
Methods
Secondary analysis was conducted on 4185 study participants extracted from the dataset of Rwanda 2012-2013 non-communicable diseases risk factors survey. Individual CVD risk scores were calculated using both BMI-based and lipid-based algorithms, one at a time. Spearman rank’s coefficient and Cohen’s Kappa coefficient were used to compare the two tools.
Results
About 63.5% of participants were women. There was a significant positive correlation between BMI-based algorithm and lipid-based algorithm vis-à-vis a 10-year CVD risk prediction (Spearman rank correlation coefficients > 0.90, p<0.001) considering either men, women or overall study participants. There was a moderate agreement between BMI-based and lipid-based algorithms vis-à-vis CVD risk characterization, kappa = 0.52; p-value p<0.001 considering either overall study participants or men and kappa = 0.48; p-value p<0.001 considering women.
Conclusion
The findings from this study suggest the use of BMI-based algorithm, a cost effective tool compared to lipid-based tool, can be alternatively used in resource-limited settings.
Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2021;4(1):166-184
Perioperative Nursing Training in Rwanda in Partnership with American Universities: The Journey So Far
Authors: Mukantwari Joselyne , Omondi Lilian , Ryamukuru David 
Published: April 2021

Nurses within a surgical team play such a fundamental role in the success of a surgery that they require specific training for the purpose. However, in Rwanda, there has been a severe scarcity of perioperative nurses. This article describes the collaborative effort for perioperative nursing training by the University of Rwanda (UR) and the Ministry of Health (MOH) with the Human Resources for Health (HRH) Program and a consortium of American Universities. The goal of the HRH program has been to build up the capacities of health professionals both in academia and clinical settings so as to address the shortage of qualified staff. In that regard, the UR in 2015 started a Masters program in nursing in eight specialties, of which one was perioperative nursing. The aim of this paper is to highlight the training process, success, and challenges of perioperative nursing training in Rwanda.
The training has so far been successful, with the 19 nurses who completed the program working now in academic and clinical teaching institutions. Students in the program have also increased their number of research publications in peer-reviewed journals and international conference presentations. The UR and its partners are investing in the sustainability and excellence of this program. Using the import-of-experts approach to train Rwandans within their country, the program addresses the scarcity of specialists in various disciplines within the nursing profession. As a consequence, countries where the lack of specialized nurses poses challenges may adopt this partnership strategy.
Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2021;4(1):185-196
Stunting among Under Five Years Old Children in Rwanda: Influences of Family Planning Status and Household Size and Composition
Authors: Bigirimana Jean Bosco 
Published: April 2021

Background
Stunting is one of the main challenges resulting in high child mortality and morbidity thought out the world, especially in many developing countries, including Rwanda. The overall prevalence rate of stunting is estimated at around 38% of under five years old children in Rwanda.
Objective
To examine the influences of household size and composition and family planning status on stunting among children under five in Rwanda.
Methods
The current study is a nationally representative cross-sectional study that used the secondary data analysis of Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) 2014-2015. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between family planning and household size and composition.
Results
The sum-total of children under five in the household (log odds=0.373(p<.05), CI=0.0577, 0.689), maternal age at childbirth (log odds=-0.682(p<.05), CI=-1.222, -0.141), fertility preference (log odds =-0.296(p<.05), CI=-0.549, -0.0427), and unmet need for family planning (log odds = 0.297(p<.05), CI= 0.0193, 0.574) were statistically significant associated with stunting among studied children.
Conclusion
The findings of this study suggest a significant association between stunting and family planning and household size and composition.

Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2021;4(1):112-130
PENGUJIAN EKSISTENSI ENVIRONMENTAL KUZNETS CURVE DI INDONESIA
Authors: Muhammad Fajar  , Hariyanto  
Published: April 2021

Tujuan studi adalah untuk menguji eksistensi fenomena environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC). Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode regresi kuadratik yng diestimasi dengan ordinary least square dengan terlebih dahulu merekonstruksi varibel prediktor. Adapun data yang digunakan adalah emisi karbondioksida per kapita (metrik ton) bersumber dari World Bank Dataset, PDB (Produk Domestik Bruto) nominal (ribuan Rupiah) dan jumlah penduduk yang bersumber dari Badan Pusat Statistik. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa fenomena EKC eksis terjadi di Indonesia yang diindikasikan dari koefisien komponen kuadrat pada model signifikan. Ini menyiratkan bahwa aktivitas ekonomi yang menggunakan bahan bakar fosil semakin meningkat penggunaannya. Namun, pertumbuhan ekonomi pada titik tertentu yang bermuara pada aktivistas produksi, membuat manusia sadar bahwa lingkungan dan alam harus dijaga dan berkesinambungan untuk kebutuhan ekonomi generasi mendatang.
Effect of Coping Strategies Education on Knowledge and Behaviors of Women Experienced Workplace Bullying
Authors: Ali Shimaa M. H. , Elsherbeny Eman M. M. , Ahmed Mervat A. , Mohamed Hussein M. M. F. 
Published: April 2021

Context: Workplace bullying is defined as the perceived situation in which an employee is systematically and repeatedly the target of work-related or personal harmful acts. Workplace bullying is an occupational stressor shown to have particular detrimental health outcomes for those targeted.
Aim: The study aimed to evaluate the effect of coping strategies education on knowledge and behaviors of women experienced workplace bullying.
Methods: A quasi-experimental (pre/posttest) design was used to achieve this study's aim. The study was conducted at Beni-Suef University affiliated to the Ministry of Higher Education. The study conducted on a convenient sample of 500 women working at Beni-Suef University. They included 360 employee women from different age groups, educational backgrounds, and job positions. The sample also includes 100 nurses and 40 workers. The study used two tools. The researcher designed a structured interview questionnaire to assess the women's socio-demographic profile and their knowledge regarding workplace bullying. The second tool was a coping behavior checklist for workplace bullying designed by the researcher to assess the women's behaviors toward workplace bullying.
Results: shows that 36.0% of the studied women were in the age group ≥30 with a mean age of 34.38±4.33. Half of the studied women suffering from all mentioned health effects, followed by absenteeism 15%, then depression 12%, and 7% suffering decreased self-esteem, the least health problems 6% was for a physical problem (cardiovascular, diabetes mellites, and neuromuscular problems). The study reveals a statistically significant improvement of women's knowledge regarding workplace bullying at post compared to pre educational intervention and at follow up phase compared to the post-intervention phase at p <0.001. The results also show a highly statistically significant improvement in the women's behaviors toward workplace bullying between pre and post-intervention phases and between post and follow up phases of intervention at p <0.001.
Conclusion: The research hypotheses were supported. The women exposed to the coping strategies education had improved knowledge and behaviors compared to their pre-education level. Effective organizational interventions are recommended to help prevent and address bullying incidents, and robust legislative mechanisms are also recommended to allow for restitution and compensation, particularly for women.