bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utilizing Lean & Machine Learning to Monitor and Managing Production Induced Subsidence in a Mature Oil and Gas Field and to Ensure Safety of 200+ Field Staff and Safeguard More Than 200 Mln BOE Natih & Shuaiba
Authors: Al Wahaybi Maryam Humaid , van Gilst Roeland , Salmi Fathiya Hilal , Al Wadhahi Taimur , Azri Saif , Mahruqi Abir , Siyabi Qais Ali , Mahajan Sandeep , Mahrouqi Khalid Abdullah , AL Siyabi Nabil Salim 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The MicroSeismic (MS) events, also referred to as tremors or induced seismicity, can be triggered by reservoir depletion and compaction as a result of hydrocarbon production with time. In order to measure and locate the MS events in the Field A; Petroleum Development of Oman (PDO) installed many downhole geophones and accelerometers across the field since 2011. The monitoring network allows subsurface teams to understand magnitude, location and depth of the events. Till the end of 2019 a total of 5,597 MS events were recorded and analysed. In 2020 a new Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) was established moving away from a partly manual data information system to an automated real-time data system named PetroAlert (this is ESG invention). The SOP also defines a clear step-by-step action plan and line-of-sight using a color code system (Traffic Light System).
The key challenges that needed to be overcome were: 1) problem breakdown, goals and root causes and 2) data integration and IT infrastructure. The first challenge was overcome by utilizing Lean and organizing a KAIZEN event to ensure objectives were clear to all involved team members. The second challenge was solved in consultation with our external event processing contractor the Engineering Seismology Group (ESG) and the PDO geophysics teams (Exploration Directorate).
PDO behaviors: –Speed: the new automated alert system is much Leaner and efficient compared to the previous manual system saving 100s of man hours per year. The line-of-sight captured in the SOP makes it clear for the team how to respond and who to inform in case of significant MicroSeismic events.–Leadership: the Gas Team has lead the change with other compaction team members. In principle all information was available but needed to be combined into a simple alert system with appropriate data filtering.–Team work: without teamwork inside PDO with the Lean team, the specialist geophysicist and our external contractor ESG we would not have succeeded. Several Lean sessions (KAIZEN, Gemba, and huddles) were organised to ensure all team members were well informed on the progress and deadlines for the project.
The digital transformation in MicroSeismic monitoring in Field A protects 200+ staff in the field and multiple hundreds BOE production in both Natih and Shuaiba Reservoirs. This work can be replicated for other fields in PDO impacted by compaction (Field B and Field C) to increase the success even further. Also it can be replicated worldwide.
Generation of Synthetic Photoelectric Log using Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Khan Mohammad Rasheed , Tariq Zeeshan , Mahmoud Mohamed 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Photoelectric factor (PEF) is one of functional parameters of a hydrocarbon reservoir that could provide invaluable data for reservoir characterization. Well logs are critical to formation evaluation processes; however, they are not always readily available due to unfeasible logging conditions. In addition, with call for efficiency in hydrocarbon E&P business, it has become imperative to optimize logging programs to acquire maximum data with minimal cost impact. As a result, the present study proposes an improved strategy for generating synthetic log by making a quantitative formulation between conventional well log data, rock mineralogical content and PEF.
230 data points were utilized to implement the machine learning (ML) methodology which is initiated by implementing a statistical analysis scheme. The input logs that are used for architecture establishment include the density and sonic logs. Moreover, rock mineralogical content (carbonate, quartz, clay) has been incorporated for model development which is strongly correlated to the PEF. At the next stage of this study, architecture of artificial neural networks (ANN) was developed and optimized to predict the PEF from conventional well log data. A sub-set of data points was used for ML model construction and another unseen set was employed to assess the model performance. Furthermore, a comprehensive error metrics analysis is used to evaluate performance of the proposed model.
The synthetic PEF log generated using the developed ANN correlation is compared with the actual well log data available and demonstrate an average absolute percentage error less than 0.38. In addition, a comprehensive error metric analysis is presented which depicts coefficient of determination more than 0.99 and root mean squared error of only 0.003. The numerical analysis of the error metric point towards the robustness of the ANN model and capability to link mineralogical content with the PEF.
Integration of Health Risk Management Techniques to Address Increasing Numbers and Prevention of Non-Accident Deaths NAD in Oil & Gas Operations
Authors: Tayab Muhammad , Hashem Aaesha , Al Hamoudi Shaikha , Qureshi Farrukh , Khan Safdar 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Over the last decade, Oil & Gas operations have come under tremendous pressures due to increasing production demands and venturing into harsher environmental conditions, increasing the health risks to crew with underlying medical conditions. Although there are strict medical fitness, requirements in place to reduce the vulnerability of crewmembers, increasing number Non Accidental Deaths (NAD) have challenged the Oil & Gas operations. NAD risks are often linked with medical assessment/fitness to work, training and medical emergency response, NAD questions the adequacy of management controls at work locations, especially in remote locations. ADNOC Group Companies adopt very HSE high standards to protect the workers, environment and assets; however, the risks of aggravating underlying medical conditions, illnesses or disorders often materialize and result in NADs. An extended analysis of over historical NAD events was performed and strengths of NAD barriers (Tayab et al, 2012) was assessed. Based on the review NAD Barriers were further redefined as follow:Adequacy of pre-employment medical assessmentAlert of underlying medical conditionsFollow up on chronic medical conditionsAlert for abnormal behavioursAwareness & Training
It was found that over 70% of NAD cases were triggered due to aggravation of chronic illnesses, approximately 50 % of NAD cases were triggered during the first year of employment, 77% of NAD cases were due to cardiovascular illnesses and 18% were due to suicides and 13% were attributed to COVID & other factors. Additional NAD barriers were identified to update the barrier analysis as follows:Alert for abnormal behaviorReadiness to manage Medical EmergenciesWelfare & Counselling
Digital Enablement Through Effective Deployment and Commissioning of Instrumentation, Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System SCADA in Surface Facilities
Authors: Cao Gaojing , Wang Xiangzeng , Nie Lei , Hu Yaoqiang , Xie Yundong , Kartoatmodjo Gayatri , Williams Paul , Henson Richard , Zhu Ming , Fendt Andrew , Wang Lang , Sanita Carlos 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In the era of all-encompassing Big Data and the Internet of Things (IoT), mastery of Instrument Control (I&C) and SCADA systems deployment is becoming more important as the Operational Technology (OT) foundation for digital integration, data gathering, processing, analytics, and the optimization of business results.
Integration and communication between different I&C and SCADA products and systems in an Oil and Gas project represent a significant challenge. The issues encountered on projects globally can prolong project schedules from weeks to months with consequential impacts on commercial gas production, project cash flow, and economics.
This paper presents how to enable digital operations through holistic design, well-organized kickoff, effective Integrated Factory Acceptance Test (IFAT), and timely commissioning of I&C and SCADA systems for surface facilities of a gas field development project. It provides a feasible, economical and proven solution to address the foregoing challenges. Furthermore, in this paper we present a snapshot of how to use the latest data-science technology to bring out the value of the gold mine - big data generated by the I&C and SCADA systems.
Exosomal miR-132-3p from Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Improve Synaptic Dysfunction and Cognitive Decline in Vascular Dementia
Authors: Ma Xiaotang , Wang Yan , Shi Yumeng , Li Suqing , Liu Jinhua , Li Xiangyong , Zhong Wangtao , Pan Qunwen 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background/Aims: Vascular dementia (VD) results in cognition and memory deficit. Exosomes and their carried microRNAs (miRs) contribute to the neuroprotective effects of mesenchymal stromal cells, and miR-132-3p plays a key role in neuron plasticity. Here we investigated the role and underlying mechanism of MSC EX and their miR-132-3p cargo in rescuing cognition and memory deficit in VD mice. Methods: Bilateral carotid artery occlusion was used to generate a VD mouse model. MiR-132-3p and MSC EX levels in the hippocampus and cortex were measured. At 24 h post-VD induction, mice were administered with MSC EX infected with control lentivirus (EXCon), pre-miR-132-3p-expressing lentivirus (EXmiR−132−3p), or miR-132-3p antago lentivirus (EXantagomiR−132−3p) intravenously. Behavioral and cognitive tests were performed and the mice were sacrificed in 21 days after VD. The effects of MSC EX on neuron number, synaptic plasticity, dendritic spine density, and Aβ and p-Tau levels in the hippocampus and cortex were determined. The effects of MSC EX on oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-injured neurons with respect to apoptosis, and neurite elongation and branching were determined. Finally, the expression levels of Ras, phosphorylation of Akt, GSK-3β, and Tau were also measured. Results: Compared with normal mice, VD mice exhibited significantly decreased miR-132-3p and MSC EX levels in the cortex and hippocampus. Compared with EXCon treatment, the infusion of EXmiR−132−3p was more effective at improving cognitive function and increasing miR-132-3p level, neuron number, synaptic plasticity, and dendritic spine density, while decreasing Aβ and p-Tau levels in the cortex and hippocampus of VD mice. Conversely, EXantagomiR−132−3p treatment significantly decreased miR-132-3p expression in cortex and hippocampus, as well as attenuated EXmiR−132−3p treatment-induced functional improvement. In vitro, EXmiR−132−3p treatment inhibited RASA1 protein expression, but increased Ras and the phosphorylation of Akt and GSK-3β, and decreased p-Tau levels in primary neurons by delivering miR-132-3p, which resulted in reduced apoptosis, and increased neurite elongation and branching in OGD-injured neurons. Conclusions: Our studies suggest that miR-132-3p cluster-enriched MSC EX promotes the recovery of cognitive function by improving neuronal and synaptic dysfunction through activation of the Ras/Akt/GSK-3β pathway induced by downregulation of RASA1.
Transfer Functions in Volume Rendering of Lake Water Quality Considering Frequency Distribution
Authors: He Wangjun , Yuan Alan , Gu Xianyong , Liao Zhenliang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
To explore the distribution and diffusion of pollutants in lakes, the volume rendering technique was used to express the lake water quality model in three dimensions. Due to the narrow distribution ranges and small spatial differences of the scalar field of the lake water quality mode, the perspective expression of subtle differences in the volume rendering process becomes important but difficult. In view of the foregoing case, this paper proposed transfer functions (TFs) in volume rendering of lake water quality considering the frequency distribution. The frequency distribution of the lake water quality scalar field was counted, the voxel ratios and the coloring probabilities of the frequency ranges were calculated, and then the voxel values were effectively mapped to colors and transparencies according to the coloring probabilities, to realize the refined expression of the differences in the spatial distribution of lake water quality. Experiments showed that the perspective expression of the subtle differences of lake (especially shallow lakes) water quality was improved using this method, which is conducive to analyzing the characteristics and changing laws of lake water quality model.
Rewiring Glucose Metabolism Improves 5-FU Efficacy in Glycolytic p53-Deficient Colorectal Tumors
Authors: Ludikhuize Marlies , Gevers Sira , Nguyen Nguyen , Meerlo Maaike , Roudbari S. Khadijeh Shafiei , Gulersonmez M. Can , Stigter Edwin , Drost Jarno , Clevers Hans , Burgering Boudewijn , Colman Maria Rodríguez 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is the backbone for chemotherapy in colorectal cancer (CRC), however response rates in patients are limited to 50%. Unexpectedly, the molecular mechanisms by which 5-FU ultimately induces toxicity remain debated, limiting the development of strategies to improve its efficacy. How fundamental aspects of cancer, such as driver mutations and phenotypic intra-tumor heterogeneity, relate to the 5-FU response are ill-defined. This is largely due to a shortage of mechanistic studies in pre-clinical models able to recapitulate the key-features of CRC. Here, we analyzed the 5-FU response in human organoids genetically engineered to reproduce the different stages of CRC progression. We find that 5-FU induces pyrimidine imbalance, which leads to DNA damage and cell death. Actively proliferating cancer (stem) cells are, accordingly, efficiently targeted by 5-FU. Importantly, p53 behaves as a discriminating factor for 5-FU sensitivity, whereas p53-deficiency leads to DNA damage-induced cell death, active p53 protects from these effects through inducing cell cycle arrest. Moreover, we find that targeting the Warburg effect, by rewiring glucose metabolism, enhances 5-FU toxicity by altering the nucleotide pool and without increasing toxicity in non-transformed cells. Thus, rewiring glucose metabolism in combination with replication stress-inducing chemotherapies emerges as a promising strategy for CRC treatment.
Analysis of Gene Expression of Human Leukocyte Antigen B27 in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis and Correlation with Related Indicators
Authors: Liu Chun , Kang Zhong-Yu , Liu Wei , Zhao Yuan , Li Dai-Hong 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the potential correlation between the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B*27 subtypes in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and the clinical features of AS. The prevalence of HLA-B*27 subtypes was investigated in 132 healthy donors recruited from our center and in 143 patients with AS. We investigated the differences in HLA-B27 subtype status for the patients and healthy donors by using a PCR-SSP (polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primer) method. The clinical outcomes of the patients, including lower back pain, uveitis, peripheral arthritis, stiffness, joints, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), Anti-streptolysin O (ASO) and C-reactive protein (CRP), were recorded. The male-to-female ratio was 2.5, and the mean age at diagnosis was 29.3 years. HLA-B*27 positivity was detected in 111 patients (77.6%) of patients with AS. The rate of HLA-B*27 positivity was significantly higher in the AS group than patients without AS. The subtypes observed in patients with AS were HLA-B*2704 (55.9%, 62/111), HLA-B*2705 (39.6%, 44/111), HLA-B*2702 (1.80%, 2/111), HLA-B*2707 (0.90%, 1/111), and HLA-B*2704/05(1.80%, 2/111). The main genotypes were HLA-B*2704 and HLA-B*2705. There were no significant differences in clinical manifestations. Multivariate analysis showed statistically significant differences in sex (P=0.01), disease duration (P=0.023), hematocrit (P=0.01), and CRP (P=0.01) between patients in the HLA-B*27(+) AS group and the HLA-B*27(-) AS group. In addition, HLA-B*15, HLA-B*40, HLA-B*13, and HLA-B*46 were the major alleles with associated HLA-B types in patients with HLA-B*27(+) AS. Therefore, we conclude that HLA-B*27 is highly correlated with AS and can be used as an early predictor of AS. In addition, sex, disease duration, ESR, and CRP were significantly different in the HLA-B*27(+) AS group and HLA-B*27(-) AS group. Finally, our study also found a correlation between HLA-B*15, HLA-B*40, HLA-B*13, and HLA-B*46 subtypes and the development of AS.
Potential Nitrate Reduction Rates in Marine Mangrove Sediments in the Lesser Antilles
Authors: laverman anniet , Sebilo Mathieu , Tocny Jennifer , Gros Olivier 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Mangrove sediments are generally nitrogen limited, with nitrate reduction to ammonium instead of denitrification in these sediments, resulting in nitrogen retention rather than nitrogen elimination. The goal of this work was to investigate the potential for nitrate reduction in marine mangrove sediments along a canal impacted by anthropogenic activity (Guadeloupe, West Indies) as a function of increased nitrogen load and how this would change nitrate transformation rates. In addition to that, the impact of the organic carbon load and the hydraulic retention time was assessed as factors affecting nitrate reduction rates. Potential nitrate reduction rates in the sediments along the canal, in the presence of indigenous organic carbon, ranged from 126 to 379 nmol cm‑3 h-1 generally increasing upon increasing supplied nitrate. The potential for nitrate reduction increased significantly with the addition of mangrove leaves, whereas the addition of simple, easily degradable carbon (acetate), resulted in an almost five-fold increase in nitrate reduction rates. The hydraulic retention time also had an impact on the nitrate reducing capacity due to an increased contact time between nitrate and the benthic microbial community. Marine mangrove sediments have a high potential to mitigate nitrogen pollution, mainly governed by the presence of large amounts of degradable carbon in the form of litter. The hydraulic retention time as tested experimentally that can be extrapolated to the time of inundation of the mangrove sediments may increase the potential for nitrate reduction. Whereas the sediments are daily exposed to a small tidal effect, increased water retention could increase the nitrogen elimination potential in these mangrove sediments.
Value Assessment of Atypical Central Neurocytoma Classification and Treatment Options
Authors: Yang Zuocheng , Yan Changxiang , Yang Zuozhen , Han Song 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background

The classification and treatment strategy of atypical central neurocytomas (CNs) are still controversial largely, this study aimed to explore the optical treatment strategy and characteristics in transcriptomic profile.
Methods

This study retrospectively analyzed data from Sixty-one patients with CNs who underwent surgery in single institution. Whole-transcriptome analysis was used to investigate the differences between typical and atypical CNs.
Results

The five-year OS (P= 0.015) and PFS rates (P= 0.000002) were significantly higher in the complete resection group than in the incomplete resection group. Postoperative radiotherapy did not affect OS (P=0.255) or PFS (P=0.398) in the complete resection group. The five-year PFS rate (P=0.000038) among patients in the complete resection group who did not receive radiotherapy was significantly longer than that among patients in the incomplete resection group who received radiotherapy. The extent of surgical resection and operative approaches were irrelevant to perioperative complications and dsyfunctions at the last follow-up. Compared with caudate control, some of differentially expressed genes may involve cancer. Finally, the overexpression of ten genes (AMOTL1, PIK3R3, TGFBR1, SMO, COL4A6, MGP, SOX4, IGF2, Slit1 and CKS2) in atypical CNs may be associated with malignancy in atypical CNs.
Conclusion

Complete resection is relatively the best therapeutic modality for atypical CNs, radiotherapy is not necessary for patients after complete resection of the tumor. Although the previous definition of atypical CNs may not have significant prognostic value, the overexpression of ten genes may be involved in malignant behaviors and potential candidate hallmarks for differentiating the atypical CNs. Although the number of cases was relatively small, the findings could be helpful and instructive in the clinical treatment of this disease.
Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Knowledge Questionnaire in the Western Cape, South Africa
Authors: Manas Lorisha , Chivese Tawanda , Coetzee Ankia , Conradie Madga , Morris Linzette Deidre 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background.
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a major public health concern. The International Diabetes Federation estimated that the global prevalence of hyperglycemia in pregnancy is 16.2%. In South Africa, the most recent prevalence of GDM ranges between 9.1-25.8%. Serious adverse events associated with GDM can be mitigated by lifestyle modifications and education. Good comprehension of GDM, and improved understanding has been shown to translate into better glycemic control and reduces peri-natal complications. Assessing the knowledge base of mothers with GDM, whether in a country like South Africa, or any other similar country, is therefore imperative in bridging the gap and improving their understanding and control of their condition.
Objective.
To ascertain the validity and reliability of translated, cross-culturally adapted South African English, Afrikaans and isiXhosa versions of the Malaysian GDM Knowledge Questionnaire (M-GDMKQ).
Methods.
This mixed-method study was conducted prospectively within a high-risk antenatal clinic setting. The study consisted of three phases. Women ≥18-years, with GDM who were able to read basic level English, Afrikaans or isiXhosa; and attended the high-risk antenatal clinic throughout the index pregnancy were consecutively sampled and stratified into three language groups across phases.
Results.
The cross-culturally adapted English, Afrikaans and isiXhosa South African GDMKQ demonstrated reasonable face and content validity. Kappa values ranged between Kappa (SE), -0.03 (0.18) to 0.89 (0.13) for the English version, Kappa (SE), -0.07 (0.18) to 0.53 (0.13) for the Afrikaans version and Kappa (SE), 0.28 (0.18) to 0.87 (0.17) for the isiXhosa version respectively. Cronbach alpha for the individual questions ranged from 0.31 to 0.90, while correlation between overall scores was rho=0.79 (p<0.001).
Conclusion.
While the translated and cross-culturally adaptation South African English, Afrikaans and isiXhosa versions of the GDMKQ were found to be feasible, acceptable and easy to comprehend, more research is required to confirm validity and reliability.