bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Minimal tactical impact and maximal donor safety after a buddy transfusion: A study on elite soldier performances in both laboratory and field environments
Authors: Degueldre Julie , Dessy Emilie , T'Sas France , Deneys Véronique , Pattyn Nathalie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe major causes of death of combat casualties in austere environments are related to hemorrhage and occur early after injury. The implementation of a walking blood bank may overcome the logistical issues raised using blood component therapy. Nonetheless, it is important to ensure that this buddy transfusion is not going to compromise the mission success by altering the donor's performance. The results available so far cannot rule out this issue with certainty. Therefore, this study aimed at investigating the immediate effect of a 450‐ml blood donation on the performances of elite soldiers in laboratory and field environments.Study design and methodsThis double‐blind, randomized controlled study included two experiments. For both experiments, subjects were randomly assigned either to a control group (n1 = n2 = 7) or to a 450‐ml‐blood‐bag donation group (n1 = 7 and n2 = 8). All participants underwent before and after a potential blood donation a multifactorial assessment including adapted physical tasks, hematological variables, vigilance parameters, and subjective assessments.ResultsNo significant results were evidenced in this study. There was no impact of blood donation on the participants' performances in both the hospital and the combat‐like environments.ConclusionFrom a donor's point of view, a 450‐ml blood donation has no impact on the required abilities of our elite soldiers to fulfill a demanding tactical mission. Thus, the results of this study support the fact that buddy transfusions could be part of the operational clinical armamentarium in austere environments for elite soldiers when no blood components are available.
Compensatory reserve detects subclinical shock with more expeditious prediction for need of life‐saving interventions compared to systolic blood pressure and blood lactate
Authors: Convertino Victor A. , Johnson Michael C. , Alarhayem Abdul , Nicholson Susannah E. , Chung Kevin K. , DeRosa Mark , Eastridge Brian J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionWe conducted a prospective observational study on 205 trauma patients at a level I trauma facility to test the hypothesis that a compensatory reserve measurement (CRM) would identify higher risk for progression to shock and/or need a life‐saving interventions (LSIs) earlier than systolic blood pressure (SBP) and blood lactate (LAC).MethodsA composite outcome metric included blood transfusion, procedural LSI, and mortality. Discrete measures assessed as abnormal (ab) were SBP <90 mmHg, CRM <60%, and LAC >2.0. A graded categorization of shock was defined as: no shock (normal [n] SBP [n‐SBP], n‐CRM, n‐LAC); sub‐clinical shock (ab‐CRM, n‐SBP, n‐LAC); occult shock (n‐SBP, ab‐CRM, ab‐LAC); or overt shock (ab‐SBP, ab‐CRM, ab‐LAC).ResultsThree patients displayed overt shock, 53 displayed sub‐clinical shock, and 149 displayed no shock. After incorporating lactate into the analysis, 86 patients demonstrated no shock, 25 were classified as sub‐clinical shock, 91 were classified as occult shock, and 3 were characterized as overt shock. Each shock subcategory revealed a graded increase requiring LSI and transfusion. Initial CRM was associated with progression to shock (odds ratio = 0.97; p < .001) at an earlier time than SBP or LAC.ConclusionsInitial CRM uncovers a clinically relevant subset of patients who are not detected by SBP and LAC. Our results suggest CRM could be used to more expeditiously identify injured patients likely to deteriorate to shock, with requirements for blood transfusion or procedural LSI.
Rate of RhD‐alloimmunization after the transfusion of multiple RhD‐positive primary red blood cell‐containing products
Authors: Yazer Mark H. , Triulzi Darrell J. , Sperry Jason L. , Seheult Jansen N. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionEarly transfusion reduces mortality in bleeding patients. In this setting, RhD‐positive blood products might be transfused. This study determined the association between the RhD‐alloimmunization rate and the number of RhD‐positive products transfused.MethodsRhD‐negative patients between 13 and 50 years who were transfused with ≥1 RhD‐positive red blood cell (RBC) or whole blood units between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2019 in a healthcare network were identified. Study patients had to have had at least one antibody detection test performed ≥14 days after the index RhD‐positive transfusion and not receive RhIg. Patients were stratified into groups that received 1, 2, 3–5, 6–10, 11–20, and >20 RhD‐positive transfusions and the RhD‐alloimmunization rate was determined for each group.ResultsThere were 335 patients included; 52/335 (15.5%) were females. Overall, there were 117/335 (34.9%, CI: 29.8%–40.3%) recipients who became RhD‐alloimmunized. There was no significant dosage effect in the RhD‐alloimmunization rates as the exposure to RhD‐positive units increased from one RhD‐positive unit to more than 20 RhD‐positive units (p = .270 for non‐parametric trend test). In an exploratory analysis, patients who received 100% of their RhD‐positive transfusions within 72 h of the index transfusion had a significantly higher rate of RhD‐alloimmunization compared to those who were transfused over a longer period of time (42.3% vs. 21.4%, respectively; p = .001).ConclusionThese results suggest that there may not be an increased RhD‐alloimmunization risk with transfusing multiple RhD‐positive units after one RhD‐positive unit has been transfused. These findings need confirmation in larger studies.
Temperature mapping in an air ambulance helicopter: Implications for the delivery of pre‐hospital transfusion
Authors: Smith Hazel , Doughty Heidi , Bishop Jonathan , Herbert Mike , Nash Mark 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundPre‐hospital blood products, including freeze‐dried plasma, are increasingly carried on air ambulance helicopters. The purpose of this study was to map the temperatures within a civilian air ambulance and consider the implications for pre‐hospital transfusion.Materials and MethodsWe conducted a single‐site prospective observational study in the United Kingdom. Tinytag temperature data‐loggers (Gemini, UK) were secured on to three locations throughout an air ambulance, and one was placed inside an insulated drug‐pouch. Temperatures were monitored at 5‐min intervals. Data were downloaded monthly and processed using R and MKT software to collate maximum, minimum, and day/night mean kinetic temperatures (MKTs). Blood was transported in Crēdo ProMed 4 containers (Peli Products, S.L.U) and monitored with QTA data‐loggers (Tridentify, Sweden).ResultsA total of 344,844 temperature recordings were made on 302 days during a 12‐month period from January 2019. The external ambient temperatures varied seasonally from −7.1°C to 31.2°C, whereas internal temperatures ranged from −0.3°C to 60.6°C. The warmest area was alongside the left front‐crew position (range 1.9–60.6°C, MKT 24.8°C). The lowest daytime MKT (16.9°C) and range (1.7°C–36.4°C) were recorded next to the patient stretcher. Temperatures ranged from 4.2°C to 40.1°C inside the insulated drugs‐pouch, exceeding 25°C on 47 days (15%) and falling below 15°C on 192 days (63%) In contrast, thermally packed blood maintained a range of 2–6°C.ConclusionThe temperatures within an air ambulance varied throughout the cabin and often exceeded the external ambient temperature. Appropriately selected thermal protection and monitoring is required for the successful delivery of pre‐hospital transfusion, even in a temperate climate.
Coagulation function of never frozen liquid plasma stored for 40 days
Authors: Meledeo Michael Adam , Peltier Grantham C. , McIntosh Colby S. , Bynum James A. , Corley Jason B. , Cap Andrew P. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundNever frozen liquid plasma (LP) has limited shelf life versus fresh frozen plasma (FFP) or plasma frozen within 24 h (PF24). Previous studies showed decreasing factor activities after Day (D)14 in thawed FFP but no differences between LP and FFP until D10. This study examined LP function through D40.Study design and methodsFFP and PF24 were stored at −20°C until assaying. LP was assayed on D5 then stored (4°C) for testing through D40. A clinical coagulation analyzer measured Factor (F)V, FVIII, fibrinogen, prothrombin time (PT), and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). Thromboelastography (TEG) and thrombogram measured functional coagulation. Ristocetin cofactor assay quantified von Willebrand factor (vWF) activity. Residual platelets were counted.ResultsFV/FVIII showed diminished activity over time in LP, while PT and aPTT both increased over time. LP vWF declined significantly by D7. Fibrinogen remained high through D40. Thrombin lagtime was delayed in LP but consistent to D40, while peak thrombin was significantly lower in LP but did not significantly decline over time. TEG R‐time and angle remained constant. LP and PF24 (with residual platelets) had initially higher TEG maximum amplitudes (MA), but by D14 LP was similar to FFP.ConclusionDespite significant declines in some factors in D40 LP, fibrinogen concentration and TEG MA were stable suggesting stored LP provides fibrinogen similarly to frozen plasmas even at D40. LP is easier to store and prepare for prehospital transfusion, important benefits when the alternative is crystalloid.
Cold‐stored platelets have better preserved contractile function in comparison with room temperature‐stored platelets over 21 days
Authors: Nair Prajeeda M. , Meledeo Michael A. , Wells Adrienne R. , Wu Xiaowu , Bynum James A. , Leung Kai P. , Liu Bin , Cheeniyil Aswathi , Ramasubramanian Anand K. , Weisel John W. , Cap Andrew P. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAlthough it is well established that transfusion of platelets in cases of severe bleeding reduces mortality, the availability of platelets is hampered by harsh restrictions on shelf life due to elevated risks of microbial contamination and functional losses with room temperature‐stored platelets (RTP) kept at 22°C. In contrast, many recent studies have shown that 4°C cold‐stored platelets (CSP) are able to overcome these shortcomings leading to the recent Food and Drug Administration licensure for 14‐day stored CSP when conventional platelets are unavailable. This work expands the evidence supporting superiority of CSP function by assaying the less explored platelet‐mediated clot retraction of RTP and CSP in either autologous plasma (AP) or platelet additive solution (PAS) for up to 21 days. The results demonstrate that CSP have better preservation of contractile function, exhibiting retraction for up to 21 days in both AP and PAS and forming highly ordered fibrin scaffolds similar to those of fresh platelets. In contrast, RTP stored in AP showed impaired contractile function by Day 5 with no retraction after 10 days, whereas PAS‐stored RTP retained contractile function for up to 21 days. Collectively, these findings support extended storage of CSP and suggest that storage in PAS can mitigate functional losses in RTP.
Regulation of muscle and mitochondrial health by the mitochondrial fission protein Drp1 in aged mice
Authors: Dulac Maude , Leduc‐Gaudet Jean‐Philippe , Cefis Marina , Ayoub Marie‐Belle , Reynaud Olivier , Shams Anwar , Moamer Alaa , Nery Ferreira Marcos Francisco , Hussain Sabah NA , Gouspillou Gilles 
Published: July 2021

Key points
The maintenance of mitochondrial integrity is critical for skeletal muscle health.
Mitochondrial dynamics play key roles in mitochondrial quality control; however, the exact role that mitochondrial fission plays in the muscle ageing process remains unclear.
Here we report that both Drp1 knockdown and Drp1 overexpression late in life in mice is detrimental to skeletal muscle function and mitochondrial health.
Drp1 knockdown in 18‐month‐old mice resulted in severe skeletal muscle atrophy, mitochondrial dysfunction, muscle degeneration/regeneration, oxidative stress and impaired autophagy.
Overexpressing Drp1 in 18‐month‐old mice resulted in mild skeletal muscle atrophy and decreased mitochondrial quality.
Our data indicate that silencing or overexpressing Drp1 late in life is detrimental to skeletal muscle integrity. We conclude that modulating Drp1 expression is unlikely to be a viable approach to counter the muscle ageing process.
AbstractSarcopenia, the ageing‐related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, is a debilitating process negatively impacting the quality of life of afflicted individuals. Although the mechanisms underlying sarcopenia are still only partly understood, impairments in mitochondrial dynamics, and specifically mitochondrial fission, have been proposed as an underlying mechanism. Importantly, conflicting data exist in the field and both excessive and insufficient mitochondrial fission were proposed to contribute to sarcopenia. In Drosophila melanogaster, enhancing mitochondrial fission in midlife through overexpression of dynamin‐1‐like protein (Drp1) extended lifespan and attenuated several key hallmarks of muscle ageing. Whether a similar outcome of Drp1 overexpression is observed in mammalian muscles remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the impact of knocking down and overexpressing Drp1 protein for 4 months in skeletal muscles of late middle‐aged (18 months) mice using intra‐muscular injections of adeno‐associated viruses expressing shRNA targeting Drp1 or full Drp1 cDNA. We report that knocking down Drp1 expression late in life triggers severe muscle atrophy, mitochondrial dysfunctions, degeneration/regeneration, oxidative stress and impaired autophagy. Drp1 overexpression late in life triggered mild muscle atrophy and decreased mitochondrial quality. Taken altogether, our results indicate that both overexpression and silencing of Drp1 in late middle‐aged mice negatively impact skeletal muscle mass and mitochondrial health. These data suggest that Drp1 content must remain within a narrow physiological range to preserve muscle and mitochondrial integrity during ageing. Altering Drp1 expression is therefore unlikely to be a viable target to counter sarcopenia.
Potential of Infrared Imaging for Breast Cancer Detection: A Critical Evaluation
Authors: Owens Alyssa , Kandlikar Satish G. , Phatak Pradyumna 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Screening for breast cancer to detect the disease in an early curable stage remains our most important tool to reduce breast cancer mortality, and routine screening mammography is recommended. Although the technique has been refined, screening mammography has significant shortfalls. A major drawback is related to the occurrence of “dense breast tissue” that obscures mammography images leading to missed cancer diagnoses. Adjunctive imaging technology has been used in this setting, and potential of infrared imaging (IRI) is evaluated to fulfill this role. This review provides a critical evaluation of IRI protocols and assessment techniques employed by previous researchers since the inception of this technology in 1956. The prevalence of empirical approach is identified as a major area of concern and recent scientific approaches utilizing mathematical modeling and analysis with patient-specific geometries are strongly advised. Such efforts and subsequent validation are essential before the IRI can be widely used in the mainstream breast cancer screening as an adjunctive tool.
A Hybrid Convolutional Neural Network-Long Short Term Memory for Discharge Capacity Estimation of Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Yongsheng , Garg Akhil , Shevya Shruti , Li Wei , Gao Liang , Lee Lam Jasmine Siu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Predicting discharge capacities of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is essential for safe battery operation in electric vehicles (EVs). In this paper, a convolutional neural network-long short term memory (CNN-LSTM) approach is proposed to estimate the discharge capacity of LIBs. The parameters such as the voltage, current, temperature, and charge/discharge capacity are recorded from a battery management system (BMS) at various stages of the charge–discharge cycles. The experiments are conducted to obtain the data at different cycles, where each cycle is divided into four steps. Each testing cycle comprises charging, rest, discharging, and rest. In the predictive model, the initial layers are convolutional layers that help in feature extraction. Then, the long and short term memory layer is used to retain or forget related information. Finally, the prediction is completed by selecting the corresponding activation function. The evaluation model is established via the multiple train test split method. The lower values of weighted mean squared error suggest that discharge capacity estimation using CNN-LSTM is a reliable method. The CNN-LSTM approach can further be compiled in BMSs of EVs to get real-time status for state of charge and state of health values.
Rotordynamic Characterization of Tilting-Pad Bearings With Eight Pads in Vertical Rotors
Authors: Rondon David , Benti Gudeta Berhanu , Aidanpää Jan-Olov , Gustavsson Rolf 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
It has been documented that stiffness and damping for a four-pad bearing are dependent not only on the magnitude of the load but also on the position of the rotor in the bearing. However, eight-pad bearings are not commonly employed on horizontal turbines, and the presence of several pads in the bearing will decisively affect the dynamics of the system. This paper evaluates the stiffness and damping coefficients of tilting-pad bearings with eight pads and explores the main frequencies acting on the forced response of a vertical rotor. The bearing properties were modeled as a function of eccentricity and position in the stationary coordinate system by Navier–Stokes equations whose results are taken from commercial software. The simulated unbalanced response is compared to experimental results; the changing position of the shaft produces a periodic stiffness and damping, which is dependent on the number of pads. Cross-coupled coefficients influence is discussed, showing that their absence makes an accurate model for the mean values. The results indicate that simulation of vertical rotors with eight-pad bearings can be simplified which allow more effective simulations and dynamic analysis.
An Improved Dynamic Transmission Error Model Applied on Coupling Analysis of Gear Dynamics and Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication
Authors: Zhou Wenguang , Zhu Rupeng , Liu Wenzheng , Shang Youwei 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In order to study the coupling effect of cylindrical gear dynamics and elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL), based on dynamic theory, a dynamic model of a six degrees-of-freedom (6DOF) coupled system is established. Based on the numerical solution of EHL, an improved dynamic transmission error (DTE) model was established. The oil film stiffness, oil film damping, and center oil film thickness obtained by the numerical solution were used in the gear dynamics analysis. The dynamics and EHL characteristics of the gear system are analyzed and compared with the general model. The results show that by using the improved DTE model, the comprehensive stiffness and comprehensive damping of the gear increase and fluctuate slightly. The amplitude of the tooth surface meshing force and dynamic response decreases. Under the action of tooth surface meshing force, the oil film pressure and thickness show oscillation characteristics.
The Effect of Landmarks With Their Color on Learning Basketball Lay-Up in Beginners
Authors: Raeisiyan Razieh , Abdoli Behrouz , Farsi Alireza , Hassanlouei Hamidollah 
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of landmarks on learning basketball lay-up in beginners. Twenty-seven females (age = 20.30 ± 0.24 years, height = 164.37 ± 0.53 cm) participated in this study. They were assigned to three groups: no landmark group, colored landmark group, and black and white landmark group. All participants performed basketball lay-up for six sessions. The colored group and black and white group trained with the landmarks on the ground while the no landmark group trained without any landmarks based on a trainer instruction. Posttest was performed at the end of the last session of training and also in the retention test following 72 hr. All trials were assessed through 5-point Likert scales, ranging from 1 (very poor) to 5 (very good). The results showed that using landmarks significantly changed the lay-up pattern; however, these changes were not significant for color and lay-up shot accuracy.
Incidence of injury in adult elite women’s football: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mayhew Lawrence , Johnson Mark I , Francis Peter , Lutter Christoph , Alali Ali , Jones Gareth 
Published: July 2021

AimTo estimate the incidence of injury in adult elite women’s football and to characterise the nature and anatomical location of injuries.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesCombinations of the key terms were entered into the following electronic databases (PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Science Direct and Discover) from inception to May 2021.Eligibility criteria for selecting studies(1) Used a prospective cohort design; (2) captured data on elite adult women players; (3) reported injury incidence by anatomical site; (4) captured data of at least one season or national team tournament; (5) included a definition of injury; and (6) written in English.ResultsThe search identified 1378 records. Twelve studies published between 1991 and 2018 were included in our review and sampled 129 teams. In domestic club football, injury incidence rate was estimated to be 5.7/1000 hours (total), 19.5/1000 hours (match) and 3.1/1000 hours (training). In tournament, football match incidence was estimated to be 55.7/1000 hours. The knee (22.8%; 368/1822) was the most common site of injury in domestic club football. The ankle (23.7%, 105/443) was the most common site of injury in tournament football. Ligament sprains were the most common type of injury (27.8%), followed by muscle strains (19.1%). Severn studies (58%) had a high risk of bias associated with exposure definition and measurement and considerable heterogeneity exists between the included studies (I2=49.7%–95%).Summary/conclusionLigament sprains occur more frequently in adult elite women football players. We advise caution in interpretating point estimates of the incidence of injury due to high statistical heterogeneity. Standardising injury reporting and the accurate recording of match and training exposure will overcome such limitations.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019130407.su