bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Data-driven approaches for genetic characterization of SARS-CoV-2 lineages
Authors: Mostefai Fatima , Gamache Isabel , Huang Jessie , N’Guessan Arnaud , Pelletier Justin , Pesaranghader Ahmad , Hamelin David , Murall Carmen Lia , Poujol Raphaël , Grenier Jean-Christophe , Smith Martin , Caron Etienne , Craig Morgan , Shapiro Jesse , Wolf Guy , Krishnaswamy Smita , Hussin Julie G. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe genome of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the pathogen that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has been sequenced at an unprecedented scale, leading to a tremendous amount of viral genome sequencing data. To understand the evolution of this virus in humans, and to assist in tracing infection pathways and designing preventive strategies, we present a set of computational tools that span phylogenomics, population genetics and machine learning approaches. To illustrate the utility of this toolbox, we detail an in depth analysis of the genetic diversity of SARS-CoV-2 in first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, using 329,854 high-quality consensus sequences published in the GISAID database during the pre-vaccination phase. We demonstrate that, compared to standard phylogenetic approaches, haplotype networks can be computed efficiently on much larger datasets, enabling real-time analyses. Furthermore, time series change of Tajima’s D provides a powerful metric of population expansion. Unsupervised learning techniques further highlight key steps in variant detection and facilitate the study of the role of this genomic variation in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection, with Multiscale PHATE methodology identifying fine-scale structure in the SARS-CoV-2 genetic data that underlies the emergence of key lineages. The computational framework presented here is useful for real-time genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 and could be applied to any pathogen that threatens the health of worldwide populations of humans and other organisms.
Stroke recovery phenotyping through network trajectory approaches and graph neural networks
Authors: Krishnagopal Sanjukta , Lohse Keith , Braun Robynne 
Published: September 2021

AbstractStroke is a leading cause of neurological injury characterized by impairments in multiple neurological domains including cognition, language, sensory and motor functions. Clinical recovery in these domains is tracked using a wide range of measures that may be continuous, ordinal, interval or categorical in nature, which presents challenges for standard multivariate regression approaches. This has hindered stroke researchers’ ability to achieve an integrated picture of the complex time-evolving interactions amongst symptoms. Here we use tools from network science and machine learning that are particularly well-suited to extracting underlying patterns in such data, and may assist in prediction of recovery patterns. To demonstrate the utility of this approach, we analyzed data from the NINDS tPA trial using the Trajectory Profile Clustering (TPC) method to identify distinct stroke recovery patterns for 11 different neurological domains at 5 discrete time points. Our analysis identified 3 distinct stroke trajectory profiles that align with clinically relevant stroke syndromes, characterized both by distinct clusters of symptoms, as well as differing degrees of symptom severity. We then validated our approach using graph neural networks to determine how well our model performed predictively for stratifying patients into these trajectory profiles at early vs. later time points post-stroke. We demonstrate that trajectory profile clustering is an effective method for identifying clinically relevant recovery subtypes in multidimensional longitudinal datasets, and for early prediction of symptom progression subtypes in individual patients. This paper is the first work introducing network trajectory approaches for stroke recovery phenotyping, and is aimed at enhancing the translation of such novel computational approaches for practical clinical application.
The perspective of artisan vendors' resilience, dedication to product authenticity, and the role of marketing and community: 21st century
Authors: Sams Doreen E. , Rickard Mary Kay , Sadasivan Aruna 
Published: September 2021

PurposeThis study creates new knowledge that addresses issues significant enough to warrant intellectual engagement. It fills a gap in the academic and practitioner literature by examining a profitable yet understudied cottage industry (artisan vendors). It examines marketing concepts that influence dedication to authentic craftsmanship and artisans' willingness to continue in the industry.Design/methodology/approachThis study examines historical evidence and connects it with subjective and interpretive analyses from 29 in-depth interviews of today's US artisan vendors to identify sustainable marketing best practices for the industry.FindingsResearchers uncovered factors behind artisan vendors' willingness to stay committed to their craft and remain in the industry. From the findings of this study, marketing best practices (branding, brand communities and product adaptation while remaining authentic to their craft) were identified as tools for resilience and remaining a viable competitor in the marketplace.Originality/valueHistorically, artisan vendors have been engaging in marketing practices before terms defined their activities. Thus, this study is original in that it contributes to the academic literature by first conducting an analysis of the history of an understudied cottage industry (artisan vendors) starting in the Mesopotamian Era. The key marketing factors discovered in the historical study contributing to the resilience of this industry were then used to conceptualize a qualitative study of the highly profitable US artisan vendor industry.
The impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on tourists’ personal prestige – an experimental study
Authors: Kuhn Friedericke , Kock Florian , Lohmann Martin 
Published: September 2021

Purpose
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has drastically affected the public discourse on tourism in news reporting and on social media, potentially changing social perceptions of travel and its utility for conspicuous consumption. Prestige enhancement is a common tourist motivation, yet, as tourists have been portrayed as irresponsible and even dangerous during the pandemic, the benefits of travel for personal prestige may have been affected. The purpose of this study is to monitor changes in tourists’ personal prestige during the early pandemic in 2020.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors developed an innovative study design implicitly measuring the personal prestige of tourists shown on experimentally manipulated social media posts. Three measurement waves were issued to compare the personal prestige of tourists just before, during and after the first lockdown situation in Germany.

Findings
Differences regarding evaluations of tourists’ prestige were found for prestige dimensions of hedonism, achievements, wealth and power, suggesting that prestige ascription to tourists has been affected by the changing discourse on leisure travel.

Originality/value
This study contributes to the discussion of the socio-psychological effects of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on customer benefits of leisure travel. It exposes possible impacts of the pandemic on tourisms’ value for conspicuous consumption and prestige enhancement.
Pedagogical mentoring in Chilean schools: an innovative approach to teachers' professional learning
Authors: Sablo Sutton Soraya , Cuéllar Carolina , González María Paz , Espinosa María Jesús 
Published: September 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to explore the conditions and challenges that facilitate teacher professional learning through the implementation of pedagogical mentoring (PM) within the Chilean school context.Design/methodology/approachThis study employed a qualitative methods approach, utilizing an instrumental case study. As the primary data source, researchers conducted 14 individual, semistructured interviews. Participants included two comentors, six mentor teachers and six mentee teachers from two K-8 focal school sites. Data were examined using the content analysis method.FindingsResults revealed five aspects that contributed to PM's execution: the voluntary participation model, the reflective emphasis, the focus on teaching and learning, the facilitating role of the principal and comentor support. At the same time, the findings indicated three factors that hindered PM's success: interruptions due to schedule conflicts, limited dissemination throughout the school community and assimilation of the values embedded in the Chilean teacher evaluation system.Practical implicationsPM holds great potential for collaborative professional development and continuous improvement of teachers' instructional practices, drawing on their experiences and resources and leading to the strengthening sense of professionalism in teaching and in teachers' social esteem.Originality/valueThis is the first research to address a formal PM project in Chile aimed specifically at in-service teachers. Previous projects in the country have focused on novice teachers. Unlike other initiatives in the region, this project does not focus on teacher induction but on capacity building within schools through collaborative work. This research also adopts an approach based on support for teachers' professional development, while in Chile the main policies currently focus on teacher evaluation.
Flexural performance of reinforced concrete beam made with waste foundry sand as fine aggregate
Authors: Mahadevappa Manjunatha , Krupa Rakshith Shri Guru , Ahmed Shaik Kabeer , Shetty Rakshith Kumar 
Published: September 2021

PurposeThe structural behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) beams made with waste foundry sand (WFS) was examined in this study by using investigational data. Five RC beams were tested in this present work, four beams with varying WFS content and one beam with natural aggregates. The factors considered for studying the flexural performance of RC beams were WFS content (10%, 20%, 30% and 40%), 15% Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) is used as supplementary cementitious (SCM) content for all beams and tension reinforcement ratio (0.95%). The crack pattern of the RC beams with WFS (RCB1, RCB2, RCB3 and RCB4) was similar to that of referral beam–RCB0. The RC beams made with WFS (RCB1, RCB2, RCB3 and RCB4) show lesser number of cracks than referral beam–RCB0. It is observed that RCB1 beam shows higher ultimate moment carrying capacity than other RC beams. A detailed assessment of the investigational results and calculations based on IS: 456-2000 code for flexural strength exhibited that the present provisions conservatively predicts the flexural strength and crack width of RC beams with WFS and 15% GGBS. It is suggested that 10% WFS can be used to make RC beam.Design/methodology/approachIn this present work, four RC beams made WFS and one RC beam made with natural aggregates. 15% GGBS is used as SCM for all RC beams. After casting of RC beams, the specimens were cured with wetted gunny bags for 28 days. After curing, RC beams like RCB0, RCB1, RCB2, RCB3 and RCB4 were tested under a four-point loading simply supported condition. An assessment of investigational results and calculations as per IS: 456-2000 code provisions has been made for flexural strength and crack width of RC beams with WFS and 15% GGBS. The crack pattern is also studied.FindingsFrom this experimental results, it is found that 10% WFS can be used for making RC beam. The RCB1 with 10% WFS shows better flexural performance than other RC beams. RC beams made with WFS show lesser number of cracks than referral beam–RCB0. IS: 456-2000 code provisions can be safely used to predict the moment capacity and crack width of RC beams with WFS and 15% GGBS.Originality/valueBy utilization of WFS, the dumping of waste and environmental pollution can be reduced. By experimental investigation, it is suggested that 10% WFS can be used to make RC structural members for low cost housing projects.
Direct and indirect effects of landscape and field management intensity on carabids through trophic resources and weeds
Authors: Carbonne Benjamin , Bohan David A. , Foffová Hana , Daouti Eirini , Frei Britta , Neidel Veronika , Saska Pavel , Skuhrovec Jiří , Petit Sandrine 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Carabids are important biological control agents of weeds and other pests in agricultural fields. The carabid community is built upon direct and indirect ecological effects of landscape complexity, field management intensity and biotic components that in interaction make any prediction of community size and composition challenging.

We analyse a large‐scale sample of 60 European cereal fields using structural equation modelling to quantify the direct effects of field management intensity and the surrounding landscape, and their indirect effect via biotic components, on carabid diversity.

Our results highlight that direct and indirect effects of increasing landscape complexity, mediated by trophic resources, mainly affect carabids positively. Field management intensity only ever affects carabids through indirect effects that are generally negative, by suppressing standing weeds and weed seeds.

Indirect effects on granivore carabid species depended on weed seed availability, whereas omnivores depended on the availability of both weed seeds and animal prey.

Synthesis and applications. A consideration of both the direct and indirect effects of landscape and field management is necessary for predicting carabid communities. These indirect effects, mediated via trophic resources, supports the diversity and abundance of carabid communities and their provision of ecosystem services. Our results show that promoting crop diversity and connectivity to semi‐natural habitats will directly enhance carabid communities in farmland by manipulating their migration from source habitats and indirectly by promoting the presence and diversity of their trophic resources. A reduction in field management intensity will preserve local standing weeds and weed seeds, and indirectly support carabid communities. These local and landscape modifications could contribute to improve the natural regulation of pests and weeds by carabids.
Where there’s a will, there’s a way? Strategies to reduce or abstain from alcohol use developed by Northern Plains American Indian women participating in a brief, alcohol‐exposed pregnancy preconceptual intervention
Authors: Deutsch Arielle R. , Lustfield Rebecca , Hanson Jessica D. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlcohol‐exposed pregnancy (AEP) is an ongoing concern, especially within low‐resource, high‐risk areas such as rural American Indian/Alaska Native (AIAN) communities. Brief, preconceptual AEP‐reduction interventions are popular in such areas but have a small impact on alcohol use. Developing a strategic alcohol change plan is a key program component; however, there is little research on strategy selection, especially within contexts that positively or negatively impact selection (e.g., cultural strengths, trauma, collective efficacy within AIAN communities). This study qualitatively analyzed strategies chosen to reduce alcohol use by AIAN women participating in a culturally tailored, brief, preconceptual AEP‐reduction intervention.MethodsOne hundred‐sixty Northern Plains AIAN women who were participating in a brief AEP‐reduction program developed a plan to accomplish an alcohol reduction/abstention goal at the first and last program sessions. The plan included choosing 1 or more strategies to (1) achieve the goal, (2) mitigate barriers, and (3) use cultural strengths. Qualitative analysis of the data involved thematic open and structured coding of all 3 strategies separately. We also examined how many different themes (different individual strategies) participants reported for each strategy component.ResultsMost participants reported only 1 strategy (theme) for each of the 3 components. Common goal‐achieving and barrier‐mitigation strategies included positive social supports and avoiding negative or alcohol‐involved social environments. Other strategies involved circular logic (e.g., the strategy to reduce drinking was to drink less). Both traditional and western cultural strengths were reported as important resources, although many participants had no cultural resource strategy.ConclusionPrograms aimed at reducing AEPs may need to provide participants more support to develop strong strategies to reduce alcohol use when implemented within areas with high levels of trauma and contextual barriers that can impact strategy selection. Such support could include ways to improve health on both interpersonal and community levels.
Morphological and morphometric features of knee joint in wild boar (Sus scrofa)
Authors: Doğan İshak , Ateş Sevinç , Erdem Baran , Takci Lutfi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn the study, it was aimed to reveal the structure of the knee joint anatomically and morphometrically in the wild pig known as the ancestor of the domestic pig. In the study, the left and right knee joints of mature 10 wild boars were used as material. For this purpose, the materials were fixed with 10% formaldehyde solution. Macroanatomical and morphometrical examinations of bones, menisci and ligaments involved in joint formation were performed after fixation. Trochlea and condyles of femur were examined, and various measurements were made. Trochlear labia were found to be the same size, and the condyles did not show a significant difference in size. The shape of lateral condyle of the tibia was trapezoid, and the shape of medial condyle was triangular. Moreover, the lateral intercondylar tubercule was higher according to the medial one. The presence of a shallow groove on the tibial tuberosity was detected. It was found that the width difference between apex and base was more pronounced on the anterior and lateral surface of the patella. Joint surface of the fibula was found to be flat in all materials. The menisci were ‘C’ shape, but the medial meniscus is more convex than the lateral one. It was observed that the outer edges were thick, while the inner edges were thin. Ligaments of the knee joint were well developed. When the findings of the study were compared with the literature, domestication seemed to have no significant effect in terms of the morphologic properties of the knee joint of wild boar.
Hypersensitivity reactions to chemotherapy: an EAACI Position Paper
Authors: Pagani Mauro , Bavbek Sevim , Alvarez‐Cuesta Emilio , Berna Dursun Adile , Bonadonna Patrizia , Castells Mariana , Cernadas Josefina , Chiriac Anca , Sahar Hamadi , Madrigal‐Burgaleta Ricardo , Sanchez Sanchez Soledad 
Published: September 2021

AbstractChemotherapeutic drugs have been widely used in the treatment of cancer disease for about 70 years. The development of new treatments has not hindered their use, and oncologists still prescribe them routinely, alone or in combination with other antineoplastic agents. However, all chemotherapeutic agents can induce hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs), with different incidences depending on the culprit drug. These reactions are the third leading cause of fatal drug‐induced anaphylaxis in the United States. In Europe, deaths related to chemotherapy have also been reported. In particular, most reactions are caused by platinum compounds, taxanes, epipodophyllotoxins and asparaginase. Despite their prevalence and relevance, the ideal pathways for diagnosis, treatment and prevention of these reactions are still unclear, and practice remains considerably heterogeneous with vast differences from center to center. Thus, the European Network on Drug Allergy and Drug Allergy Interest Group of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology organized a task force to provide data and recommendations regarding the allergological work‐up in this field of drug hypersensitivity reactions. This position paper aims to provide consensus on the investigation of HSRs to chemotherapeutic drugs and give practical recommendations for clinicians that treat these patients, such as oncologists, allergologists and internists. Key sections cover risk factors, pathogenesis, symptoms, the role of skin tests, in vitro tests, indications and contraindications of drug provocation tests and desensitization of neoplastic patients with allergic reactions to chemotherapeutic drugs. Statements, recommendations and unmet needs were discussed and proposed at the end of each section.
Surgical management of the acute paediatric scrotum: a three‐year single centre experience
Authors: Muraliharan Janarthan Sainath , Jacob Tarun John K. , Bollu Bapesh Krishna , Graf Nicole , Sebastian Tunny , Thomas Gordon 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundAcute scrotal pain is a common emergency presentation in paediatric surgery. Torsion of the testicular appendage (TTA) is the most common cause for pain, with testicular torsion (TT) being the sinister pathology to exclude. Outcomes are time dependent, and a delayed scrotal exploration could result in testicular loss.MethodsWe performed a review on a large retrospective cohort of 449 surgical scrotal explorations at a large referral paediatric surgical centre over three years.ResultsOnly about a quarter of children with testicular pain presented within 4 h. TT is commonly associated with nausea and an abnormal lie. Two children with a classical ‘blue dot’ sign were later found to have a testicular torsion. 19% of all children with a TTA were also seen to have Bell clapper anomaly (BCA). Recurrent testicular pain was associated with 84.7% (p < 0.001) of BCA. Intra‐operative diagnosis of TTA correlated with histopathology in 84.6% (p=0.021). The sensitivity of intraoperative diagnosis was 90.9% with a specificity of 75.3%.ConclusionRoutine histopathology for a classic TTA may not be required especially in resource poor situations. All children presenting with recurrent episodes of testicular pain must be considered for surgical scrotal exploration. And in view of the incidence of BCA in this cohort, all scrotal explorations for acute scrotal pain should include an assessment for BCA.
Allergic sensitisation did not affect bronchial hyper‐responsiveness in children without respiratory tract symptoms
Authors: Burman Janne I. , Remes Sami T. , Mäkelä Mika J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimThe potential for immunotherapy to prevent asthma development has become a hot topic. This prompted us to revisit data from an early study that examined allergic sensitisation on bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) in children with and without respiratory symptoms. Unlike previous studies, it used both indirect and direct test methods.MethodsThe study was conducted in Kuopio, Finland, in 1994 and 247 children (55.1% boys) with a mean age 10.5 ± 1.7 years were recruited using a school survey: 165 with lower respiratory symptoms and 82 healthy controls. Each child underwent a 6‐min free‐running test and a methacholine test with a cumulative dose of 4900 µg. All participants underwent skin‐prick tests: 127were sensitised and 120 were non‐sensitised.ResultsThere were no significant differences in lung function between the sensitised and non‐sensitised children. However, sensitisation was associated with BHR which was measured by both the methacholine test (2400 µg versus >4900 µg, p < 0.001) and the free‐running test (−3.5% versus −2.6%, p = 0.042). No such differences were observed among the healthy controls. Sensitisation was a predictor of allergic diseases, and only multisensitisation to a minimum of four allergens increased the incidence of asthma.ConclusionAllergic sensitisation did not affect BHR in children without respiratory symptoms.