bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human Milk Hormone Intake in the First Month of Life and Physical Growth Outcomes in Preterm Infants
Authors: Joung Kyoung Eun , Martin Camilia R , Cherkerzian Sara , Kellogg Mark , Belfort Mandy Brown 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Context
Human milk contains hormones that regulate metabolism. Extrauterine growth restriction remains common among preterm infants, but the effect of ingesting milk hormones on preterm infant growth is poorly understood.

Objective
To quantify associations of longitudinal exposure to leptin, adiponectin, and insulin in milk with physical growth of preterm infants.

Design/Methods
In 50 preterm neonates (median gestational age 29.4 weeks), we sampled maternal milk on day-of-life 7, 14, 21, and 28 and measured hormone levels in whole milk by ELISA. Milk leptin levels were available for a subset of 18 infants. We calculated milk hormone doses by multiplying the hormone level by the milk volume ingested on each day and estimated the area under the curve (AUC) to reflect longitudinal exposure. We analyzed associations of milk hormone exposure with growth outcomes in generalized estimated equations.

Main Outcome Measures
Weight gain velocity and z-scores in weight, length, head circumference, and body mass index at 36 weeks’ postmenstrual age (PMA).

Results
Higher leptin intake was associated with greater weight gain (2.17g/kg/day [95% CI, 1.31, 3.02]) and weight z-score at 36 weeks’ PMA (0.30 [0.08, 0.53] higher z-score per tertile). Higher adiponectin intake was associated with greater length z-score (0.41 [0.13, 0.69]), however, this association was nullified after adjustment of protein and calorie intake. Higher adiponectin was associated with smaller head circumference z-score (−0.36 [−0.64, −0.07]). Insulin was not associated with growth outcomes.

Conclusions
Milk leptin and adiponectin exposures may affect growth of preterm infants. The long-term effects of milk hormones warrant further investigation.
Monogenic Causes in the Type 1 Diabetes Genetics Consortium Cohort: Low Genetic Risk for Autoimmunity in Case Selection
Authors: Marchand Luc , Li Meihang , Leblicq Coralie , Rafique Ibrar , Alarcon-Martinez Tugba , Lange Claire , Rendon Laura , Tam Emily , Courville-Le Bouyonnec Ariane , Polychronakos Constantin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Hypothesis
About 1% of patients clinically diagnosed as type 1 diabetes have non-autoimmune monogenic diabetes. The distinction has important therapeutic implications but, given the low prevalence and high cost of testing, selecting patients to test is important. We tested the hypothesis that low genetic risk for type 1 diabetes can substantially contribute to this selection.

Methods
As proof of principle, we examined by exome sequencing families with 2 or more children, recruited by the Type 1 Diabetes Genetics Consortium (T1DGC) and selected for negativity for 2 autoantibodies and absence of risk human leukocyte antigen haplotypes.

Results
We examined 46 families that met the criteria. Of the 17 with an affected parent, 7 (41.2%) had actionable monogenic variants. Of 29 families with no affected parent, 14 (48.3%) had such variants, including 5 with recessive pathogenic variants of WFS1 but no report of other features of Wolfram syndrome. Our approach diagnosed 55.8% of the estimated number of monogenic families in the entire T1DGC cohort, by sequencing only 11.1% of the autoantibody-negative ones.

Conclusions
Our findings justify proceeding to large-scale prospective screening studies using markers of autoimmunity, even in the absence of an affected parent. We also confirm that nonsyndromic WFS1 variants are common among cases of monogenic diabetes misdiagnosed as type 1 diabetes.
Identification and Clinical Associations of 3 Forms of Circulating T-cadherin in Human Serum
Authors: Fukuda Shiro , Kita Shunbun , Miyashita Kazuya , Iioka Masahito , Murai Jun , Nakamura Tadashi , Nishizawa Hitoshi , Fujishima Yuya , Morinaga Jun , Oike Yuichi , Maeda Norikazu , Shimomura Iichiro 
Published: February 2021

AbstractContextT-cadherin (T-cad) is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored cadherin that mediates adiponectin to induce exosome biogenesis and secretion, protect cardiovascular tissues, promote muscle regeneration, and stimulate therapeutic heart protection by transplanted mesenchymal stem cells. CDH13, the gene locus of T-cad, affects plasma adiponectin levels most strongly, in addition to affecting cardiovascular disease risk and glucose homeostasis. Recently, it has been suggested that T-cad exists in human serum, although the details are still unclear.ObjectiveTo validate the existence of T-cad forms in human serum and investigate the association with clinical parameters of type 2 diabetes patients.MethodsUsing newly developed monoclonal antibodies against T-cad, pooled human serum was analyzed, and novel T-cad enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were developed. The serum T-cad concentrations of 183 Japanese type 2 diabetes patients were measured in a cross-sectional observational study. The main outcome measure was the existence of soluble T-cad in human serum.ResultsThere were 3 forms of soluble T-cad: a 130-kDa form with a prodomain, a 100-kDa mature form, and a 30-kDa prodomain in human serum. Using newly developed ELISAs to measure them simultaneously, we found that the 130-kDa form of T-cad positively correlated with plasma adiponectin (r = 0.28, P &lt; .001), although a physiological interaction with adiponectin was not observed in serum. The unique 30-kDa prodomain was associated with several clinical parameters in diabetes patients.ConclusionWe identified 3 novel forms of soluble T-cad. Their importance as disease markers and/or biomarkers of adiponectin function and the possible bioactivity of the respective molecules require further investigation.
The Impact of Center-Based Childcare Attendance on Early Child Development: Evidence From the French Elfe Cohort
Authors: Berger Lawrence M. , Panico Lidia , Solaz Anne 
Published: February 2021

AbstractProponents of early childhood education and care programs cite evidence that high-quality center-based childcare has positive impacts on child development, particularly for disadvantaged children. However, much of this evidence stems from randomized evaluations of small-scale intensive programs based in the United States and other Anglo/English-speaking countries. Evidence is more mixed with respect to widespread or universal center-based childcare provision. In addition, most evidence is based on childcare experiences of 3- to 5-year-old children; less is known about the impact of center-based care in earlier childhood. The French context is particularly suited to such interrogation because the majority of French children who attend center-based care do so in high-quality, state-funded, state-regulated centers, known as crèches, and before age 3. We use data from a large, nationally representative French birth cohort, the Étude Longitudinale Français depuis l'Enfance (Elfe), and an instrumental variables strategy that leverages exogenous variation in both birth quarter and local crèche supply to estimate whether crèche attendance at age 1 has an impact on language, motor skills, and child behavior at age 2. Results indicate that crèche attendance has a positive impact on language skills, no impact on motor skills, and a negative impact on behavior. Moreover, the positive impact on language skills is particularly concentrated among disadvantaged children. This implies that facilitating increased crèche access among disadvantaged families may hold potential for decreasing early socioeconomic disparities in language development and, given the importance of early development for later-life outcomes, thereby have an impact on long-term population inequalities.
Gut innervation and enteric nervous system development: a spatial, temporal and molecular tour de force
Authors: Kang Yi-Ning , Fung Candice , Vanden Berghe Pieter 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
During embryonic development, the gut is innervated by intrinsic (enteric) and extrinsic nerves. Focusing on mammalian ENS development, in this Review we highlight how important the different compartments of this innervation are to assure proper gut function. We specifically address the three-dimensional architecture of the innervation, paying special attention to the differences in development along the longitudinal and circumferential axes of the gut. We review recent information about the formation of both intrinsic innervation, which is fairly well-known, as well as the establishment of the extrinsic innervation, which, despite its importance in gut-brain signaling, has received much less attention. We further discuss how external microbial and nutritional cues or neuroimmune interactions may influence development of gut innervation. Finally, we provide summary tables, describing the location and function of several well-known molecules, along with some newer factors that have more recently been implicated in the development of gut innervation.
The intrinsically disordered protein SPE-18 promotes localized assembly of MSP inCaenorhabditis elegansspermatocytes
Authors: Price Kari L. , Presler Marc , Uyehara Christopher M. , Shakes Diane C. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTMany specialized cells use unconventional strategies of cytoskeletal control. Nematode spermatocytes discard their actin and tubulin following meiosis, and instead employ the regulated assembly/disassembly of the Major Sperm Protein (MSP) to drive sperm motility. However, prior to the meiotic divisions, MSP is sequestered through its assembly into paracrystalline structures called fibrous bodies (FBs). The accessory proteins that direct this sequestration process have remained mysterious. This study reveals SPE-18 as an intrinsically disordered protein that is essential for MSP assembly within FBs. In spe-18 mutant spermatocytes, MSP forms disorganized cortical fibers, and the cells arrest in meiosis without forming haploid sperm. In wild-type spermatocytes, SPE-18 localizes to pre-FB complexes and functions with the kinase SPE-6 to localize MSP assembly. Changing patterns of SPE-18 localization uncover previously unappreciated complexities in FB maturation. Later, within newly individualized spermatids, SPE-18 is rapidly lost, yet SPE-18 loss alone is insufficient for MSP disassembly. Our findings reveal an alternative strategy for sequestering cytoskeletal elements, not as monomers but in localized, bundled polymers. Additionally, these studies provide an important example of disordered proteins promoting ordered cellular structures.
DROSHA is recruited to DNA damage sites by the MRN complex to promote non-homologous end joining
Authors: Cabrini Matteo , Roncador Marco , Galbiati Alessandro , Cipolla Lina , Maffia Antonio , Iannelli Fabio , Sabbioneda Simone , d’Adda di Fagagna Fabrizio , Francia Sofia 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
The DNA damage response (DDR) is the signaling cascade that recognizes DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and promotes their resolution via the DNA repair pathways of non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) or homologous recombination (HR). We and others have shown that DDR activation requires DROSHA; however, whether DROSHA exerts its functions by associating with damage sites, what controls its recruitment, and how DROSHA influences DNA repair remains poorly understood. Here, we show that DROSHA associates with DSBs independently of transcription. Neither H2AX, nor ATM or DNA-PK kinase activities are required for recruitment of DROSHA to break sites. Rather, DROSHA interacts with RAD50, and inhibition of the MRN complex by mirin treatment abolishes this interaction. MRN complex inactivation by RAD50 knockdown or mirin treatment prevents DROSHA recruitment to DSBs and, as a consequence, also prevents 53BP1 (also known as TP53BP1) recruitment. During DNA repair, DROSHA inactivation reduces NHEJ and boosts HR frequency. Indeed, DROSHA knockdown also increases the association of downstream HR factors such as RAD51 to DNA ends. Overall, our results demonstrate that DROSHA is recruited at DSBs by the MRN complex and directs DNA repair towards NHEJ.
Exploring engagement with authors of randomised controlled trials to develop recommendations to improve allocation concealment implementation and reporting
Authors: Clark Laura , Mitchell Natasha , Hewitt Catherine , Torgerson David 
Published: February 2021

Background: Reviews have consistently shown that allocation concealment is frequently implemented and reported suboptimally in randomised controlled trials (RCTs). This research aims to pilot engaging with authors of RCTs to explore their knowledge and understanding of allocation concealment implementation and reporting to ascertain areas and mechanisms for their improvement. Methods: Authors that published RCTs in core clinical journals in one month in 2019 were identified. Authors were invited to complete questionnaires to elicit their views and experiences on the implementation and reporting quality focussing on allocation concealment. Methodological quality of allocation concealment was evaluated in this sample by assessing adherence to the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT). Results: Reporting was suboptimal, with only 57% of allocation concealment methods reported to be implemented which were judged as adequate, with 18% using sealed envelopes and more than 40% not adequately reporting allocation methods. When exploring allocation concealment, implementation and reporting questionnaires were found to elicit a low response rate amongst authors of RCTs. Discussion: Following analysis of the themes that emerged from the questionnaires, the main recommendations to improve reporting quality are: journals need to endorse, adhere and promote reporting guidelines, a methodologist could review methodological details of publications simultaneously to peer review, envelopes as a form of allocation concealment are poorly implemented and reported, so careful review of these is required, funders need to insist on more robust allocation concealment methods are employed if the RCT setting allows, and authors need to acknowledge their responsibility for transparent reporting of RCTs.
A pilot study of red complex and three genera subgingival microbiome in periodontitis subjects with and without diabetes, evaluated by MinION platform
Authors: Bachtiar Boy M. , Theodorea Citra F. , Tahapary Dicky L. , Astrella Cindy , - Natalina , Bachtiar Endang W. 
Published: February 2021

Background: Subgingival niche is one biofilm habitat containing rich microbiota, which plays an active role in maintaining the health of periodontal tissue and determining host response. As such, a study of changing subgingival biofilms is important for understanding the effect of a systemic condition. In this study, we compared the occurrence of six bacteria cohabiting in the subgingival area of periodontitis subjects, with (DP, n = 8) and without (NDP, n = 4) diabetes. Methods: The six genus and species of targeted bacteria were confirmed by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing on MinION nanopore platform. Descriptive statistic was used to describe the obtained data. Results: We found that the six genus and species of targeted bacteria were detected but in different quantities in either group's periodontal pocket. Our data showed that Tannerella forsythia was the most abundant species in subgingival biofilms of the DP group of the red complex bacteria. In contrast, Aggregatibacter sp., which belongs to the phylum of proteobacteria, was present at a relatively lower level. In contrast, Fusobacterium sp., which belongs to orange complex bacteria, showed relative similarities in subgingival biofilms of both groups tested, while Veillonella sp., were abundant in the DP groups. Conclusions: Our data show that the diversity of classic periodontopathogens increased in the subgingival niche of periodontitis subjects with diabetes. It is the first study in Indonesia to apply MinION-based, full-length 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing in periodontitis patients with and without diabetes.
О ПЕРСПЕКТИВАХ ВКЛЮЧЕНИЯ ПРОЕКТА «ЕДИНАЯ ЕВРАЗИЯ: ТРАНС-ЕВРАЗИЙСКИЙ ПОЯС RAZVITIE (ТЕПР) – ИНТЕГРАЛЬНАЯ ЕВРАЗИЙСКАЯ ТРАНСПОРТНАЯ СИСТЕМА (ИЕТС) КАК МЕГАПРОЕКТА В ТРАНСПОРТНУЮ СТРАТЕГИЮ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ НА ПЕРИОД ДО 2030 ГОДА
Authors: Osipov Gennady Vasilievich , Kubrin Alexey Alesandrovich , Kuzina Natalia Vladimirovna 
Published: February 2021

Имеющий более чем 130-летнюю предыисторию и активно разрабатывавшийся в последнее десятилетие коллективом выдающихся отечественных ученых мегапроект «Единая Евразия: Транс-Евразийский пояс RAZVITIE (ТЕПР) – Интегральная Евразийская транспортная система (ИЕТС)» рассматривается в контексте имеющегося зарубежного и российского опыта проектирования транснациональных и трансконтинентальных транспортных коридоров, прежде всего высокоскоростных железных дорог, а также в связи с планированием дальнейшего развития транспортной системы Российской Федерации.Цель – обоснование необходимости включения мегапроекта ТЕПР-ИЕТС в Транспортную стратегию Российской Федерации на период до 2030 года как первостепенного для развития транспортной системы и повышения эффективности внутренней и внешней политики Российской Федерации, в том числе – для устранения последствий кризиса социально-экономической сферы и нормализации международных отношений.Методология исследования: проводилась оценка актуальности и конкурентоспособности проекта ТЕПР-ИЕТС в контексте зарубежных проектов и научных исследований в сфере транснационального и трансконтинентального железнодорожного сообщения; анализ критериев эффективности реализации Транспортной стратегии Российской Федерации по консервативному и инновационному варианту применительно к показателям развития железнодорожного сообщения, а также в соотнесении с востребованностью железнодорожного грузового сообщения на конец 2020 г. по данным Минтранса России.Область применения результатов: полученные результаты целесообразно учесть при внесении изменений в текст Транспортной стратегии Российской Федерации на период до 2030 года, а также более десяти лет не обновлявшейся Стратегии развития железнодорожного транспорта в Российской Федерации до 2030 года.
Expression of the VEGF marker in endometrial cells in hyperplastic processes
Authors: Chumak Z. V. 
Published: February 2021

Hormone-dependent diseases related to preproliferative processes and endometrial cancer have a clear tendency to increase and rejuvenate. The purpose: to study the expression of VEGF marker in endometrial cells under physiological, hyperplastic, atypical conditions in women’s different age periods. 2196 pathomorphological findings of endometrial tissue samples in women with clinical manifestations requiring surgical treatment have been analyzed. VEGF expression was performed in endometrial tissue samples of 458 women of late reproductive, perimenopausal and postmenopausal age. Each age category is characterized by its morphofunctional features of the endometrial tissue. Results. The frequency of detection of hyperplastic processes, atypical hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma indicates that starting from the period after 40 y.o. the mechanisms of initiation and development of factors in the system of self-sufficiency in mitogenic stimuli, constant proliferation and insensitivity to antimytogenic signals", loss of “Hayflick’s limit”, reduced ability to apoptosis, propensity to immortalization take place. Conclusion: The expression of VEGF concentration in endometrial tissue as an inducer of angiogenesis is increased in hyperplastic processes. Significant growth is observed in the processes of atypical hyperplasia, especially in the postmenopausal period. Determination of VEGF concentration in endometrial proliferative processes can be a promising marker for diagnosing the risk of atypical conditions and their prognosis. Research in this direction is quite relevant.
Influence of public-private partnership mechanisms on health investments in health care
Authors: Ivanyuk A. V. 
Published: February 2021

The objective. To consider the mechanisms of public-private partnership (PPP) as a way to attract investment into the health care system and find out the existence in Ukraine of a legal basis for the implementation of PPP in health care sector. Materials and methods. The mechanisms and possibilities of PPP projects realization in health care sector have been studied with the use of systematic approach, systematic analysis and information-analytical method. Results. Based on the analysis of international experience, the article presents the key models of PPP used in health care. The legal and institutional bases for the implementation of the PPP investment mechanism in the health care system of Ukraine are determined. The benefits of implementing PPP projects in health care for the state, private partners and the general population are shown. The basic principles of PPP and key directions of introduction of mechanisms of public-private partnership in the field of health care are substantiated. The existing problems for the formation of these mechanisms in the health care of Ukraine are revealed. Conclusions. Public-private partnership is a promising direction of investment attraction in the health care system. There is a necessary legal framework for the implementation of PPP projects in health care inUkraine. .
Features of morpho functional changes in periodontal structures in rats with the presence of a photo of a polymer or cement seal
Authors: Varakuta O. A. , Kushch O. G. 
Published: February 2021

High prevalence of caries is a great public health burden. To choose the optimal filling material for the restoration of hard tissues of teeth in caries patients is quite relevant. When choosing materials for dental restoration the doctor is guided by aesthetics quality, long-term guarantee of therapy, comfort at work and cost/quality ratio. The objective: under the conditions of an experiment to establish the relationship between the morphorfunctional state of periodontal components in the presence of either photopolymeric or cement filling and compare the data obtained with the results of intact animals. Materials and methods. The jaws of 41 white laboratory rats were used. 3 groups were formed: group 1 - intact; group 2 included animals with a photopolymer filling; group 3 consisted of rats with a cement filling. Histobacteriological, immunohistochemical, histochemical and statistical methods were used. Results: the animals with photopolymer filling material, in contrast to animals of the intact group, and those with cement filling, had a greater number of microbial cells in the biofilm during the whole experiment. The microbial cells exhibited enzymatic activity, against which there was a reduced number of glycosaminoglycans in the intercellular substance of the epidermis. Conclusions: Against the background of microorganisms increase in the biofilm of the epithelium, changes in carbohydrate-containing biopolymers of the biofilm, reducing the total number of glycosaminoglycans in animals with photopolymer filling material, the number of lymphocytes and functional activity of antigen-presenting cells in the lamina propria of the gums took place. This indicates the activation of humoral nonspecific and specific links of immunity.
Sensory Integration as One of the Methods in Physical Therapy for Pre-School Age Children
Authors: Dąbrowska Maria Magdalena , Lisiecki Jakub , Biernacki Maciej , Paruszewska-Achtel Monika 
Published: February 2021

Sensory Integration (SI) is one of the therapeutic methods created and described by J. Ayres in 1972. In Poland, for a few years, more and more specialists, also rehabilitators, have followed this concept in their work. SI is a subconscious process, whereby the ordering and assignment of meaning to information acquired by the senses takes place. The three principal senses, which Ayres described are: the sense of touch, proprioception, and the vestibular system.