bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
External surface anatomy of the postfolding human embryo: Computer‐aided, three‐dimensional reconstruction of printable digital specimens
Authors: Azkue Jon Jatsu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOpportunities for clinicians, researchers, and medical students to become acquainted with the three‐dimensional (3D) anatomy of the human embryo have historically been limited. This work was aimed at creating a collection of digital, printable 3D surface models demonstrating major morphogenetic changes in the embryo's external anatomy, including typical features used for external staging. Twelve models were digitally reconstructed based on optical projection tomography, high‐resolution episcopic microscopy and magnetic resonance imaging datasets of formalin‐fixed specimens of embryos of developmental stages 12 through 23, that is, stages following longitudinal and transverse embryo folding. The reconstructed replica reproduced the external anatomy of the actual specimens in great detail, and the progress of development over stages was recognizable in a variety of external anatomical features and bodily structures, including the general layout and curvature of the body, the pharyngeal arches and cervical sinus, the physiological gut herniation, and external genitalia. In addition, surface anatomy features commonly used for embryo staging, such as distinct steps in the morphogenesis of facial primordia and limb buds, were also apparent. These digital replica, which are all provided for 3D visualization and printing, can serve as a novel resource for teaching and learning embryology and may contribute to a better appreciation of the human embryonic development.
How Mothers of Adults With Profound Intellectual Disabilities Experience Their Everyday Life? A Qualitative Retrospective Study From Poland
Authors: Aksamit Diana , Wehmeyer Michael 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionLittle is known about the experiences of mothers who care for adult children with profound intellectual disabilities (ID). The aim of this study was to explore these experiences from their perspective. Parenting adult children with profound ID presents a type of maternal experience that differs from that commonly experienced by other mothers.MethodsResearchers conducted narrative interviews with 34 Polish mothers with adult children with profound ID. A narrative interview was used, a process that resembles an in‐depth, free‐flow conversation. Through follow‐up questions, researchers encouraged the interviewees to share stories of their personal experiences of motherhood. The information was shared during the participant interviews using analytical methods, based on theoretical and methodological concepts developed within the biographical sociology framework outlined by Fritz Schütze. The respondents were asked to share their thoughts about their experiences as mothers from past, present, and future perspectives.ImplicationsGaining a better understanding of and uncovering details about the motherhood experiences of women with adult children with profound disabilities are important so as to better understand ways to better support mothers in such situations. It is especially important to know about the ways in which these women perceive their experiences and to understand the social context that impacts their experiences and perceptions.
Rate and fate of dissolved organic carbon release by seaweeds: A missing link in the coastal ocean carbon cycle
Authors: Paine Ellie R. , Schmid Matthias , Boyd Philip W. , Diaz‐Pulido Guillermo , Hurd Catriona L. 
Published: July 2021

Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) release by seaweeds (marine macroalgae) is a critical component of the coastal ocean biogeochemical carbon cycle but is an aspect of seaweed carbon physiology that we know relatively little about. Seaweed‐derived DOC is found throughout coastal ecosystems and supports multiple food web linkages. Here, we discuss the mechanisms of DOC release by seaweeds and group them into passive (leakage, requires no energy) and active release (exudation, requires energy) with particular focus on the photosynthetic “overflow” hypothesis. The release of DOC from seaweeds was first studied in the 1960s, but subsequent studies use a range of units hindering evaluation: we convert published values to a common unit (μmol C · g DW−1· h−1) allowing comparisons between seaweed phyla, functional groups, biogeographic region, and an assessment of the environmental regulation of DOC production. The range of DOC release rates by seaweeds from each phylum under ambient environmental conditions was 0–266.44 μmol C · g DW−1· h−1(Chlorophyta), 0–89.92 μmol C · g DW−1· h−1(Ochrophyta), and 0–41.28 μmol C · g DW−1· h−1(Rhodophyta). DOC release rates increased under environmental factors such as desiccation, high irradiance, non‐optimal temperatures, altered salinity, and elevated dissolved carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations. Importantly, DOC release was highest by seaweeds that were desiccated (<90 times greater DOC release compared to ambient). We discuss the impact of future ocean scenarios (ocean acidification, seawater warming, altered irradiance) on DOC release rates by seaweeds, the role of seaweed‐derived DOC in carbon sequestration models, and how they inform future research directions.
Capturing single‐copy nuclear genes, organellar genomes, and nuclear ribosomal DNA from deep genome skimming data for plant phylogenetics: A case study in Vitaceae
Authors: Liu Bin‐Bin , Ma Zhi‐Yao , Ren Chen , Hodel Richard G. J. , Sun Miao , Liu Xiu‐Qun , Liu Guang‐Ning , Hong De‐Yuan , Zimmer Elizabeth A. , Wen Jun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWith the decreasing cost and availability of many newly developed bioinformatics pipelines, next‐generation sequencing (NGS) has revolutionized plant systematics in recent years. Genome skimming has been widely used to obtain high‐copy fractions of the genomes, including plastomes, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA). In this study, through simulations, we evaluated the optimal (minimum) sequencing depth and performance for recovering single‐copy nuclear genes (SCNs) from genome skimming data, by subsampling genome resequencing data and generating 10 data sets with different sequencing coverage in silico. We tested the performance of four data sets (plastome, nrDNA, mtDNA, and SCNs) obtained from genome skimming based on phylogenetic analyses of the Vitis clade at the genus level and Vitaceae at the family level, respectively. Our results showed that optimal minimum sequencing depth for high‐quality SCNs assembly via genome skimming was about 10× coverage. Without the steps of synthesizing baits and enrichment experiments, coupled with incredibly low sequencing costs, we showcase that deep genome skimming (DGS) is as effective for capturing large data sets of SCNs as the widely used Hyb‐Seq approach, in addition to capturing plastomes, mtDNA, and entire nrDNA repeats. DGS may serve as an efficient and economical alternative and may be superior to the popular target enrichment/Hyb‐Seq approach.
Meet the need – the role of vocational education and training for the youth labour market
Authors: Bolli Thomas , Oswald‐Egg Maria Esther , Rageth Ladina 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTo combat negative trends in the youth labour market, policymakers around the world support vocational education and training (VET) programmes. This paper investigates how enrolment rates in upper‐secondary education programmes – general education, school‐based VET and dual VET – affect ten youth labour market indicators on integration and job quality. We run first‐difference generalized method of moments regressions on panel data of 36 countries for 2004 through 2014. We complement the existing literature by dealing with unobserved heterogeneity across time and reverse causality and by analysing non‐linear effects that might arise due to general equilibrium effects. Our findings show that school‐based VET and dual VET have different effects: school‐based VET's effect on the labour market depends on the outcome indicator and country, whereas dual VET overall improves both labour market integration and job quality. Depending on the labour market indicator, we find evidence for both linear and non‐linear effects. In educational reforms, policymakers should therefore consider the non‐linear and heterogeneous effects of VET.
Genomic introgression from a distant congener in the Levant fritillary butterfly, Melitaea acentria
Authors: Pazhenkova Elena A. , Lukhtanov Vladimir A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntrogressive hybridization is more common in nature than previously thought, and its role and creative power in evolution is hotly discussed but not completely understood. Introgression occurs more frequently in sympatry between recently diverged taxa, or when the speciation process has not yet been completed. However, there are relatively few documented cases of hybridization that erodes reproductive barriers between distantly related species. Here, we use whole genome and mitochondrial data to examine how introgression from a distant congener affects pattern of genetic differentiation in the Levant fritillary butterfly Melitaea acentria. We show that this local taxon has evolved as a peripatric geographic isolate of the widespread Melitaea persea, and that there has been significant unidirectional gene flow from the sympatric, nonclosely related Melitaea didyma to M. acentria. We found direct evidence of ongoing sporadic hybridization between M. didyma and M. acentria, which are separated by at least 5 million years of independent evolution. Elevated differentiation and lower level of introgression on the sex Z chromosome compared to autosomes suggest that the Z chromosome has accumulated loci acting as intrinsic postzygotic barriers. Our results show that introgression from M. didyma has been an additional source of nucleotide diversity in the M. acentria population, providing material for drift and selection.
Strategies to combat the problem of yam anthracnose disease: Status and prospects
Authors: Ntui Valentine Otang , Uyoh Edak Aniedi , Ita Effiom Eyo , Markson Aniedi‐Abasi Akpan , Tripathi Jaindra Nath , Okon Nkese Ime , Akpan Mfon Okon , Phillip Julius Oyohosuho , Brisibe Ebiamadon Andi , Ene‐Obong Ene‐Obong Effiom , Tripathi Leena 
Published: July 2021

AbstractYam (Dioscorea spp.) anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum alatae, is the most devastating fungal disease of yam in West Africa, leading to 50%–90% of tuber yield losses in severe cases. In some instances, plants die without producing any tubers or each shoot may produce several small tubers before it dies if the disease strikes early. C. alatae affects all parts of the yam plant at all stages of development, including leaves, stems, tubers, and seeds of yams, and it is highly prevalent in the yam belt region and other yam‐producing countries in the world. Traditional methods adopted by farmers to control the disease have not been very successful. Fungicides have also failed to provide long‐lasting control. Although conventional breeding and genomics‐assisted breeding have been used to develop some level of resistance to anthracnose in Dioscorea alata, the appearance of new and more virulent strains makes the development of improved varieties with broad‐spectrum and durable resistance critical. These shortcomings, coupled with interspecific incompatibility, dioecy, polyploidy, poor flowering, and the long breeding cycle of the crop, have prompted researchers to explore biotechnological techniques to complement conventional breeding to speed up crop improvement. Modern biotechnological tools have the potential of producing fungus‐resistant cultivars, thereby bypassing the natural bottlenecks of traditional breeding. This article reviews the existing biotechnological strategies and proposes several approaches that could be adopted to develop anthracnose‐resistant yam varieties for improved food security in West Africa.
Reflections on the changing landscape of apologetics
Authors: Pickering David 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis essay investigates one aspect of the relationship between contemporary apologetics and cultural studies. It begins with a consideration of Avery Dulles’ famous History of Apologetics. While noting the many virtues of Dulles’ work, it critiques his lack of attention to the role of imagination, emotion, narrative, and personal testimony. The essay argues that Dulles’ work shows how constricted the study of apologetics has often been in comparison with its practice. The essay goes on to note recent developments in research into apologetics which have begun to apply recent philosophical and theological interest in narrative, imagination, and the emotions to this field. It explores the increasingly sophisticated conceptual apparatus available for this task, in particular the concepts of the Social Imaginary and the Overton Window. Finally, the essay attempts a dialogue with certain aspects of secular advocacy, in relation to the role of emotion in the public square. It concludes that the use of conceptual resources from other disciplines, and engagement in dialogue with secular advocacy, may be of benefit to apologetics.
Open to Debate: Reducing Polarization by Approaching Political Argument as Negotiation
Authors: Iwry Jonathan 
Published: July 2021

One of the most prominent features of political polarization is the decline in civility and quality of political discourse. Those with opposing political viewpoints often refuse to engage in dialogue, and their limited attempts often end in unproductive conflict. In this article, I examine the commonalities between political arguments and negotiations to consider how the principles of negotiation theory can usefully be applied to improve the quality of political discourse. I survey existing research on political and moral psychology to analyze the competitive dynamics and emotions underlying the use of reason in political contexts. I propose a model of political arguments in which stated positions function as proxies for personal, moral, and tribal interests, and offer specific examples of prescriptive strategies for how negotiation theory can foster constructive dialogue. My core contention is that most political arguments reflect a zero‐sum dynamic that inflames unproductive competitive instincts, whereas an interest‐based approach moves beyond political positioning to allow for more substantive reflection and mutual understanding. Effective argumentation requires parties to view rational dialogue as consistent with their mutual interests, using shared curiosity, trust in good faith, and other cooperative principles as procedural ground rules. It also requires parties to address the social and emotional dynamics influencing their shared use of reason, working to replace adversarial tension with a personal inclination toward fair‐mindedness and reciprocity.
Telediagnosis of oral lesions using smartphone photography
Authors: Fonseca Bruna Basso , Perdoncini Nicole Nichele , da Silva Victor Cordeiro , Gueiros Luiz Alcino Monteiro , Carrard Vinicius Coelho , Lemos Celso Augusto , Schussel Juliana Lucena , Amenábar José Miguel , Torres‐Pereira Cassius Carvalho 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this observational study was to evaluate telediagnosis of oral lesions using smartphone photography.Materials and MethodsIndividuals with visible oral lesions composed a convenience sample. The lesions were photographed using a smartphone camera and emailed along with clinical information to three evaluators, who formulated up to two diagnostic hypotheses for each case. A total of 235 photographs from 113 clinical cases were obtained. The evaluators answered questions regarding referral decisions, requests for additional tests, diagnostic difficulties, and image quality. The diagnostic hypotheses were compared to the gold standard by means of percent agreement and kappa coefficient. Consensual face‐to‐face diagnoses of three specialists—when only a clinical diagnosis was necessary—or histopathological results—when a biopsy was necessary—were considered the gold standard.ResultsThe telediagnosis was similar to the gold standard in 76% of the cases, and kappa coefficients showed almost perfect agreement (k = 0.817–0.903). The evaluators considered that referrals could have been avoided on an average of 35,4% of the cases.ConclusionDiagnosis of oral lesions using images taken with a smartphone showed almost perfect agreement and diagnostic accuracy comparable to face‐to‐face diagnosis.
Biallelic TRAF3IP2 variants causing chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis in a child harboring a STAT1 variant
Authors: Blanco Lobo Pilar , Lei Wei‐Te , Pelham Simon J. , Guisado Hernández Paloma , Villaoslada Isabel , de Felipe Beatriz , Lucena José Manuel , Casanova Jean‐Laurent , Olbrich Peter , Puel Anne , Neth Olaf 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundInherited chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) is often caused by inborn errors of immunity, impairing the response to, or the production of IL‐17A and IL‐17F. About half of the cases carry STAT1 gain‐of‐function (GOF) mutations. Only few patients have been reported with mutations of TRAF3IP2, a gene encoding the adaptor ACT1 essential for IL‐17 receptor(R) signaling. We investigated a 10‐year‐old girl with CMC, carrying a heterozygous variant of STAT1 and compound heterozygous variants of TRAF3IP2.MethodsBy flow cytometry, STAT1 levels and phosphorylation (CD14+) as well as IL‐17A, IL‐22, IFN‐γ, and IL‐4 production (memory CD4+ T cells) were determined. ACT1 expression and binding to IL‐17RA were assessed by Western blot and co‐immunoprecipitation in HEK‐293T cells transfected with plasmids encoding wild‐type or mutant HA‐tagged ACT1 and Flag‐IL‐17RA. We evaluated IL‐17A responses by measuring luciferase induction under a NF‐κB‐driven reporter system in HEK‐293T cells and Gro‐α secretion in fibroblasts.ResultsA STAT1 variant (c.1363G>A/p.V455I) was identified by next‐generation sequencing and classified as likely non‐pathogenic as functional testing revealed normal STAT1 expression and phosphorylation upon IFN‐γ. We also found compound heterozygous variants (c.1325A>G/p.D451G and c.1335delA/p.K454fs11*) of TRAF3IP2. By overexpression, despite normal protein expression, and impaired (K454fs11*) or normal (D451G) interaction with IL‐17RA, both mutant alleles resulted in impaired NF‐κB activation. Patient's fibroblasts displayed abolished GRO‐α secretion upon IL‐17A stimulation. Finally, ex vivo CD4+ T cells showed increased IL‐17A, IL‐22, and IL‐4 and normal low IFN‐γ expression upon stimulation.ConclusionWe identify novel compound heterozygous variants of TRAFP3IP2 causing autosomal recessive ACT1 deficiency in a child with CMC and provide a review of the current literature.
A shifting landscape: Practice patterns and outcomes of cystic fibrosis and non‐cystic fibrosis pediatric lung transplantation
Authors: Nelson Jennifer S. , Maul Timothy M. , Aughtman Shelby L. , Hurtado Christopher G. , Wearden Peter D. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundNew drugs may further decrease the need for lung transplant (LTx) in pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), but few studies highlight pediatric non‐CF LTx characteristics and outcomes.MethodsThe ISHLT registry was used to report morbidity, graft failure, and survival for primary pediatric (<18 years) LTx performed 1990–2017. Recipient/donor characteristics and long‐term outcomes were analyzed for CF and non‐CF recipients. Survival was assessed using Kaplan–Meier curves.ResultsOf 2232 primary LTx, (43% in males), 918 (41%) were performed for non‐CF indications; most commonly pulmonary hypertension (43%). Non‐CF patients were younger (median age 11 vs. 15, p < .001), and more frequently on inotropes and/or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (15% vs. 2.4%, p < .001) at transplant, compared to CF recipients. In‐hospital major complications more commonly affected CF LTx recipients (57% vs. 48%, p = .003), but 30‐day mortality was higher in the non‐CF group (9% non‐CF vs. 5% CF, p < .001). One‐, five‐, and ten‐year mortality was 18%, 50%, and 65% for CF recipients, respectively, and 21%, 45%, and 58% for non‐CF recipients (p = .01 at 10 years). Five‐year survival was significantly better for non‐CF females versus CF females (56% vs. 48%, p = .013), but was similar between groups for males (55% vs. 54%, p = .305). While age was a late outcomes risk factor, pulmonary hypertension and later transplants eras were protective.ConclusionsEarly mortality is higher and late mortality is lower in non‐CF LTx. Current non‐CF LTx outcomes leave room for improvement. Further study is needed to evaluate the effects of center volume and pediatric‐specific experience on outcomes.
Elizabeth I, Thomas Tallis and Judith: music, resistance and the iconography of power
Authors: Natour Elisabeth Charlotte 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The use of biblical analogies hailing Elizabeth by comparing her to biblical figures has long been recognized as important for the establishment of her rule. Elizabeth was compared to the apocryphal heroine Judith throughout her reign in a positive way. Yet in the wake and aftermath of the Northern Rising, the Papal Bull and the Ridolfi plot the comparison was challenged, as were Elizabethan politics, by another Judith appearing on stage, Mary Stuart. By reading the famous motet, Spem in alium, composed by the Elizabethan court musician Thomas Tallis as a work that makes use of both Protestant and Catholic appropriations of the biblical heroine, the Essay shows the possibilities of musical communication covering a middle ground in this pivotal period of the reign. By commissioning the piece, one of the most eminent Catholic nobles, Henry Fitzalan, twelfth earl of Arundel, used a musically couched reading of the biblical story of Judith to negotiate his personal relationship with the queen after having been implicated in the Ridolfi plot. As such the motet allows new insights in the communicative interactions of Catholics and Protestants and shows the heuristic value of musical sources for understanding Elizabethan politics.
PHILOSOPHICAL DEBATES ABOUT DERRIDA AND THE DEATH PENALTY: STATE OF THE QUESTION
Authors: Lawlor Leonard 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this essay, I examine Derrida’s deconstruction (or critique) of the death penalty in his first set of lectures (The Death Penalty, Volume 1). The essay has two parts. First, I reconstruct this deconstruction. I show that the deconstruction depends on the difference between the calculable instant and the incalculable instant. Then, in the second part I show how this difference is based on the deconstruction of temporalization Derrida produced in his 1967Voice and Phenomenon. The deconstruction of temporalization shows that the calculated instant is impossible, and the future, including the instant of my death, remains incalculable. In the essay’s conclusion, I show that the pardon from the death penalty is only a gift of time, only more time or extra time. The pardon can pardon someone from the condemnation to death, but it cannot pardon anyone from the condemnation to die. The pardon can give only a finite survival.
How do I think about blood donor eligibility criteria for medical conditions?
Authors: Goldman Mindy 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEvery blood center must determine blood donor eligibility criteria for donors with medical conditions, often based on very limited published data and variable practice. This manuscript briefly outlines possible impacts of donor medical conditions on donor and recipient safety and product quality, and describes the multidisciplinary approach used in Canada to think about donor criteria issues. Many years of experience are distilled into practical considerations in determining criteria, possible sources of information, and factors for successful change implementation, to hopefully assist medical and technical staff engaged in decision‐making around donor eligibility.