bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Optimal Formula for Organic Oil Immobilization in Algerian Petroleum Drill Cuttings Using Solidification/Stabilisation Treatment
Authors: Abbas Abbas Hadj , Aissa Abidi Saad , Mohamed Khodja , Farad Sagala , Messaoud Hacini 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Hassi Messaoud oil field is one of the most important fields in Algeria and the world, because it covers an important quantity of total Crude Oil Production in Algeria. Furthermore, two-thirds of this oil field is underexplored or not explored. Therefore, the drilling process of petroleum wells in this field is a continuous process that results in significant drilling waste. This implies that, enormous noxious quantities of drilling waste are produced daily that require treatment via solidification/stabilization (S/S) process before being landfilled. These types of wastes have pollution concentration that significantly exceeds the safety standards. In this study, we focus on the factors affecting the solidification/stabilization treatment of the drill cuttings obtained from Hassi Messaoud oil field and the process optimization. The solidification/stabilization is performed using the cement as binder, sand, silicate, organophilic clay and activated carbon as additives. The study is divided in two steps: (i) aims to determine the optimum ratio of each element used in the S/S process for the organic element (hydrocarbon) elimination, (ii) aims to combine the optimum ratios found in the previous step to determine the optimal mixture. The obtained results in the first step showed that the optimum ratio for the cement-to-drill cuttings mass ratio is 0.09:1. For the additives-to-drill cuttings mass ratio are 0.04:1, 0.006:1, 0.013:1 and 0.013:1 for the sand, sodium silicate, Organophilic clay and activated carbon, respectively. An optimum formula is found which its main finding shows that the hydrocarbon content of our sample is dropped from 9.40 to 1.999%. Many tests results before landfilling were investigated such as matrix permeability, resistance to free compression and heavy metals rate before and after S/S process. Besides that, in the light of outcomes achieved by this assessment these harmful cuttings can be converted into a useful product that helps in reducing the environmental foot prints.
Phenylalanylphenylalanine as a Diagnostic Biomarker for Lung Cancer and Tuberculosis.
Authors: Chen Siyu , Li Chunyan , Qin Zhonghua , Song Lili , Zhang Shiyuan , Sun Chongxiang , Zhuang Pengwei , Wang Yuming , Yang Bin , Zhang Yanjun , Li Yubo 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Worldwide, lung cancer has the highest mortality rate, and pulmonary tuberculosis has a high incidence in China, and both may be misdiagnosed frequently because of similar clinical presentation and atypical imaging findings. Diagnostic biomarkers to distinguish between lung cancer and other pulmonary diseases can be detected by metabolomics to avoid non-essential treatment.Methods: This cohort study employed non-targeted and targeted metabolomic analysis in participants enrolled from three independent centers. Multivariate statistics, variable importance in the projection parameter, receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve were used to build potential key diagnostic biomarkers model of lung cancer and these were subsequently analyzed using targeted metabolomics in test set. Quantitative analysis of differences in biomarker levels was conducted, and a support vector machine (SVM) classifier was used to identify the prediction rate of diagnostic biomarker model. Results: Phenylalanylphenylalanine showed opposite trends in lung cancer and tuberculosis. The area under the curve 0.8887 (95% CI 0.8064–0.9710, p<0.001, sensitivity 85.45%, specificity 84%), 0.8149 (95% CI 0.7419–0.8878, p<0.001, the sensitivity was 73.26%, the specificity was 78.43%) and SVM results (prediction rate 77.94%) showed the feasibility of using phenylalanylphenylalanine as a diagnostic marker for the differential diagnosis of lung cancer and tuberculosis.Conclusions: Changes in the levels of phenylalanylphenylalanine facilitate differential diagnosis between lung cancer and tuberculosis, thereby potentially reducing the damage caused by misdiagnosis in the clinical setting, and enabling early treatment of lung cancer patients.Trial registration: This study is registered in the China Clinical Trial Registration Center (registration number ChiCTR2000040666, Registered 07 December 2020, http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx)
Coffee Types and Cardiac Metabolic Risks: Large-scale Cross-phenotype Association Study and Mendelian Randomization Analysis
Authors: Wang Xinpei , Jia Jinzhu , Huang Tao 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To explore whether coffee intake is associated with cardiac metabolic risks from a genetic perspective, and whether this association remains the same among different types of coffee consumers.Methods: We utilised the summary-level results of 28 genome-wide association studies (total sample size: ~5,000,000). First, we used linkage disequilibrium score regression and cross-phenotypic association analysis to estimate the genetic correlation and identify shared genes between coffee intake and various cardiac metabolic risks. Second, we used Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to test whether there was a significant genetically predicted causal association between coffee intake and cardiac metabolic risks. For all the analyses above, we also conducted a separate analysis for different types of coffee consumers, in addition to total coffee intake.Results: Genetically, coffee intake and choice for decaffeinated/instant coffee had significant positive correlation with body mass index (BMI) and some other cardiac metabolic risks, while choice for ground coffee was significantly negatively associated with these risks. Between these genetically related phenotypes, there were 1708 genomic shared regions, of which 139 loci were novel. Enrichment analysis showed that these shared genes were significantly enriched in antigen processing related biological processes. MR analysis indicated that higher genetically proxied coffee intake may increase BMI (b: 0.35, p-value: 1.80ⅹ10-05), while genetically proxied choice for ground coffee can reduce BMI (b: -0.08, p-value: 6.50ⅹ10-05), and the risk of T2D (T2D: b: -0.2, p-value: 4.70ⅹ10-10; T2D adjusted for BMI: b: -0.11, p-value: 4.60ⅹ10-05).Conclusions: Compared with other types of coffee, ground coffee has a significant negative genetic and genetically predicated causal relationship with cardiac metabolic risks. And this association is likely to be mediated by immunity. The effect of different coffee types on cardiac metabolic risks is not equal, researchers on coffee should pay more attention to distinguishing between coffee types.
Association Between Time in Range and HbA1c in Japanese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Kurozumi Akira , Okada Yosuke , Mita Tomoya , Wakasugi Satomi , Katakami Naoto , Yoshii Hidenori , Kanda Kazuko , Nishida Keiko , Mine Shinichiro , Tanaka Yoshiya , Gosho Masahiko , Shimomura Iichiro , Watada Hirotaka 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
There are no large-scale studies on the association between time in range (TIR) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) only. The aim of this study was to define the relationship between TIR and HbA1c levels in Japanese patients with T2DM. The glycemic profile of 999 patients was analyzed with FreeStyle Libre Pro Continuous Glucose Monitoring (FLP-CGM) while they continued their prescribed glucose-lowering medications. FLP-CGM data recorded over 8 consecutive days were analyzed. The regression model for HbA1c on TIR was HbA1c = 9.4966 − 0.0309×TIR. The predicted HbA1c level for TIR of 70% was 7.33%, and is higher than recent reports subjecting mostly T1DM. The TIR corresponding to HbA1c 7.0% was 80.64%. HbA1c level correlated significantly with many FLP-CGM-derived metrics. The patients with low TIR tended to have long history of diabetes, on higher daily insulin dose and had high body mass index, HbA1c, liver dysfunction and triglyceride. Furthermore, relatively higher percentages of patients of this group used sulfonylureas, glinides, glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonists and insulin. Our data showed that the predicted HbA1c corresponding to TIR is largely depends on the study population, thus is not uniform. Our results provide new insights on the management of T2DM.
Design and Development of an Open-Source and Affordable LoT System for Developing and Least Developed Countries
Authors: Karmaker Anindya , Hasan Mahmudul , Nahid Ahaduzzaman 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The Internet of Things (IoT) has improved the quality of our lives through various interconnected gadgets and devices. Despite having great potential, IoT systemsstill have not made it into the mainstream industries orresidential complexes due to the high cost associated with commercial IoT solutions particularly in developing or least developed countries. In-expensive and open-source IoT-based systems could be employed in these fields to improve overall safety and drastically reduce accidents. In this paper, a model IoT system has been presented that could be used in any commercial apartmentor building complex or retrofitted to existing industry and can augment safety and reliability along with improving the quality of life. For this purpose, Atmega1284P and ESP32 microcontroller-based IoT device was developed and implemented.For IoT integration and cloud operation, the Google Firebase IoT platform was chosen. To monitor the system using both Bluetooth (low energy, BLE) and Wi-Fi, an Android application was created usingMIT App Inventor 2.This device is capable of receiving and handling multiple analog or digital sensors andwill send an automated email whenever a threshold value for the sensor is exceeded which could be easily changed via the application. Furthermore, the delay and system response of this device were experimentally determined. This type of system could be easily scaled for various applications which are also discussed in this paper. It also offers better flexibility and cost-effective solution to commercially available alternatives.
Stress Analysis And Applicability Analysis of Elliptical Head
Authors: WANG Zhanhui , ZHANG Zhifang , Chen Jinzhong , Bai Jinjun 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In view of the phenomenon that there is no uniform theoretical formula for the connection area between the elliptical head and the cylinder, the author takes the standard elliptical head as the research object. Firstly, the theoretical stress calculation formula of the elliptical head and the discontinuous area of the cylinder is derived according to the deformation continuity equation. Secondly, the experimental stress is measured by means of the internal pressure thin-walled vessel stress measuring apparatus, The theoretical stress and experimental stress in discontinuous region are analyzed and compared to verify the accuracy and applicability of the formula for calculating the theoretical stress of the elliptical head and the cylinder discontinuity region. The results show that the theoretical stress calculation formula of discontinuous region of elliptical head is obtained according to the equation of deformation continuity, edge force and edge moment, internal force and internal moment; The internal pressure load is kept unchanged, and for the theoretical longitudinal stress, the constant stress is greater than 0, which is the tensile stress, and decreases gradually from the vertex to the equator; For the theoretical circumferential stress, the change trend is more complex, which can be divided into three stages, and there is pressure stress. At the vertex, the magnitude of the meridional stress and the circumferential stress is approximately equal; The change of the change from point 8 to point 10 is affected by discontinuous stress, and the change trend is abrupt; The theoretical stress and experimental stress in discontinuous region of elliptical head are analyzed and compared, and the accuracy and applicability of the formula are verified. The results are of great significance for the stress measurement of internal pressure vessels.
Obesity Induces Morphological and Functional Changes in Female Reproductive System Through Increases in NF-κB and MAPK Signaling in Mice
Authors: Gao Xiuxiu , Li Yangyang , Ma Zhuoyao , Jing Jia , Zhang Zhengqing , Liu Yue , Ding Zhide 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Recently, human infertility incidence is increasing in obese women causing it to become an emerging global health challenge requiring improved treatment. There is extensive evidence that obesity caused female reproductive dysfunction is accompanied by an endocrinological influence. Besides, systemic and tissue-specific chronic inflammatory status are common characteristics of obesity. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is unclear linking obesity to infertility or subfertility.Methods: To deal with this question, we created an obese mouse model through providing a high fat diet (HFD) and determined the fertility of the obese mice. The morphological alterations were evaluated in both the reproductive glands and tracts, such as uterus, ovary and oviduct. Furthermore, to explore the underlying mechanism of these functional changes, the expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as the activations of MAPK signaling and NF-κB signaling were detected in these reproductive tissues. Results: The obese females were successful construction and displayed subfertility. They accumulated lipid droplets and developed morphological alterations in each of their reproductive organs including uterus, ovary and oviduct. These pathological changes accompanied increases in pro-inflammatory cytokine expression levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in all of these sites. Such effects also accompanied increases in nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) expression and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway stimulation based on uniform time dependent increases in the NF-κB (p-NF-κB), JNK (p-JNK), ERK1/2 (p-ERK) and p38 (p-p38) phosphorylation status. Conclusions: These HFD-induced increases in pro-inflammatory cytokine expression levels and NF-κB and MAPKs signaling pathway activation in reproductive organs support the notion that increases of adipocytes resident and inflammatory status are symptomatic of female fertility impairment in obese mice.
The interplay between twinning and cation inversion in MgAl2O4-spinel: Implications for a nebular thermochronometer
Authors: Manga Venkateswara Rao , Muralidharan Krishna , Zega Thomas J. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We report a first-principles-based thermodynamic investigation of the interplay between cation inversion and twinning in MgAl2O4 spinel (MAS). We examine the atomic-scale structure of (111) twins and characterize the local octahedral and tetrahedral distortions. We observe that the asymmetric nature of polyhedral distortions about the (111) twin plane causes anisotropy in cation inversion energies near the planar fault. The predicted enthalpies and entropies of inversion reveal that in comparison to the Kagome layer, the anti-site occupancies of Al and Mg, i.e., cation inversion, on the mixed-cation-layer near the twin boundary are more favorable and stable in the entire range of temperature of twin stability. Structurally, such a stable inversion is necessitated by the minimization in the polyhedral distortions, especially by the octahedral distortion, which exhibits a reduction of four orders of magnitude relative to the polyhedra with no inversion. The fundamental understanding obtained on the thermodynamics of the twin-cation inversion interplay in conjunction with the kinetics of inversion was used as a basis for developing a thermochronometer for deducing the temperature of twinning in MAS. This work serves as an important steppingstone for experimental characterization of MAS structures within a host of Earth and planetary materials. In the case of the latter, our results enable the use of planar faults, such as twins, as important markers for deducing the physical and chemical landscape that MAS experienced in its evolution and transport within the solar protoplanetary disk.
Trace element partitioning between olivine and melt in lunar basalts
Authors: Chen Sha , Ni Peng , Zhang Youxue , Gagnon Joel 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Mineral/melt partition coefficients have been widely used to provide insights into magmatic processes. Olivine is one of the most abundant and important minerals in the lunar mantle and mare basalts. Yet, no systematic olivine/melt partitioning data are available for lunar conditions. We report trace element partition data between host mineral olivine and its melt inclusions in lunar basalts. Equilibrium is evaluated using the Fe-Mg exchange coefficient, leading to the choice of melt inclusion-host olivine pairs in lunar basalts 12040, 12009, 15016, 15647, and 74235. Partition coefficients of 21 elements (Li, Mg, Al, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Y, Zr, Nb, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu) were measured. Except for Li, V, and Cr, these elements show no significant difference in olivine-melt partitioning compared to the data for terrestrial samples. The partition coefficient of Li between olivine and melt in some lunar basalts with low Mg# (Mg# &lt; 0.75 in olivine, or &lt; ~0.5 in melt) is higher than published data for terrestrial samples, which is attributed to the dependence of DLi on Mg# and the lack of literature DLi data with low Mg#. The partition coefficient of V in lunar basalts is measured to be 0.17 to 0.74, significantly higher than that in terrestrial basalts (0.003 to 0.21), which can be explained by the lower oxygen fugacity in lunar basalts. The significantly higher DV can explain why V is less enriched in evolved lunar basalts than terrestrial basalts. The partition coefficient of Cr between olivine and basalt melt in the Moon is 0.11 to 0.62, which is lower than those in terrestrial settings by a factor of ~2. This is surprising because previous authors showed that Cr partition coefficient is independent of fO2. A quasi-thermodynamically based model is developed to correlate Cr partition coefficient to olivine and melt composition and fO2. The lower Cr partition coefficient between olivine and basalt in the Moon can lead to more Cr enrichment in the lunar magma ocean, as well as more Cr enrichment in mantle-derived basalts in the Moon. Hence, even though Cr is typically a compatible element in terrestrial basalts, it is moderately incompatible in primitive lunar basalts, with a similar degree of incompatibility as V based on partition coefficients in this work, as also evidenced by the relatively constant V/Cr ratio of 0.039 ± 0.011 in lunar basalts. The confirmation of constant V/Cr ratio is important for constraining concentrations of Cr (slightly volatile and siderophile) and V (slightly siderophile) in the bulk silicate Moon.
Holocene environmental evolution history based on sporopollenin and micropaleontological reconstruction of KY-01 in the Yellow River Delta
Authors: Kui-Feng Wang , Xue-Feng Yu , Jiang-Bao Xia , Shu-Jian Xu , Tai-Ping Zhang , Yan Xu , Hong-Jun Zhang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The Yellow River Delta adjacent to the Bohai Sea is located in the monsoon region of northern China, which is sensitive to global climate change. The core data of KY-01 borehole in the Yellow River Delta and the published records were used to reconstruct the climate environment. Based on the analysis of carbonate content, magnetic susceptibility, Ostracoda, foraminifera, sporopollenin and AMS 14C dating on the KY-01 borehole sediment core, the evolution of both the climate and sedimentary environment has been discussed. The results show that: 7656–4145 cal.aBP, seawater moved toward the land surface and the climate was generally warm and humid, when there were small-scale extreme climate fluctuations; 4145–2544 cal.aBP, transgression and recession occurred, the climate changed from warm-wet to dry-cold and there were small-scale extreme climatic events; and 2544 cal.aBP–1855 AD, the sea level was relatively low, transgression and retreat alternately occurred, the climate was drier and colder than the previous stage and the warming and cooling alternated. During the middle Holocene, cold-dry events occurred between 5737–5422 and 4451–4081 cal.aBP, which is consistent with both Chinese and worldwide climate records.
PCSK9 Inhibition could be Effective for Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Gencer Baris , Mach François 
Published: August 2021

Abstract:
In this review, we explore the role of PCSK9 and the inhibition of PCSK9 in
patients after acute myocardial infarction (MI). Despite the implementation of evidencebased
therapies to improve outcomes, one-year mortality remains at 12-15%, and there is
still a need to further reduce complications related to MI. Mechanistic and epidemiologic
studies have suggested that the naturally occurring PCSK9 protein increases coronary
plaque vulnerability through several pathways, including pro-inflammatory LDL-C oxidation
and direct modification of plaque composition. PCSK9 inhibitors are a class of drugs
with proven efficacy in patients with recent MI. The latest guidelines recommend the use
of PCSK9 inhibitors in patients with recent MI early in the process of care to reduce
LDL-C values and associated morbidity. The use of PCSK9 inhibition could be beneficial
for mortality reduction after an acute MI and should be tested in an appropriately powered
randomized controlled trial.
A Computational Perspective on Molecular Recognition by Galectins
Authors: Núñez-Franco Reyes , Peccati Francesca , Jiménez-Osés Gonzalo 
Published: August 2021

:
This article presents an overview of recent computational studies dedicated to
the analysis of binding between galectins and small-molecule ligands. We first present a
summary of the most popular simulation techniques adopted for calculating binding poses
and binding energies and then discuss relevant examples reported in the literature for
the three main classes of galectins (dimeric, tandem, and chimera). We show that simulation
of galectin-ligand interactions is a mature field that has proven invaluable for completing
and unraveling experimental observations. Future perspectives to further improve
the accuracy and cost-effectiveness of existing computational approaches will involve
the development of new schemes to account for solvation and entropy effects, which represent
the main current limitations to the accuracy of computational results.
An Assessment of In-vitro and In-vivo Evaluation Methods for Theranostic Nanomaterials
Authors: Parashar Poonam , Singh Neelu , Alka  , Maurya Priyanka , Saraf Shubhini A. 
Published: August 2021

:
Nanoparticles (NPs) as nanocarriers have emerged as novel and promising theranostic agents. The
term theranostics revealed the properties of NPs capable of diagnosing the disease at an early stage and/or treating
the disease. Such NPs are usually developed employing a surface engineering approach. The theranostic
agents comprise NPs loaded with a drug/diagnostic agent that delivers it precisely to the target site.
Theranostics is a field with promising results in enhancing therapeutic efficacy facilitated through higher payload
at the targeted tissue, reduced dose, and dose-dependent side effects. However, controversies in terms of
toxicity and size-dependent properties have often surfaced for NPs. Thus, a stringent in-vitro and in-vivo evaluation
is required to develop safe and non-toxic NPs as theranostic agents. The review also focuses on the various
entry points of NPs in the human system and their outcomes, including toxicity. It elaborates the evaluation
criteria to ensure the safe use of NPs for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.