bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How COVID‐19 can cause autonomic dysfunctions and postural orthostatic syndrome? A Review of mechanisms and evidence
Authors: Hassani Mehran , Fathi Jouzdani Ali , Motarjem Sara , Ranjbar Akram , Khansari Nakisa 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is a viral disease spread by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). Because the recent pandemic has resulted in significant morbidity and mortality, understanding various aspects of this disease has become critical. SARS‐CoV‐2 can affect a variety of organs and systems in the body. The autonomic nervous system plays an important role in regulating body functions, and its dysfunction can cause a great deal of discomfort for patients. In this study, we focused on the effect of COVID‐19 on the autonomic system and syndromes associated with it, such as postural orthostatic syndrome (POTS).
Magnetic resonance imaging determination of tissue sodium in patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Martin Kylie , Tan Sven‐Jean , Toussaint Nigel D. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractExcess sodium is a major modifiable contributor to hypertension and cardiovascular risk. Knowledge of sodium storage and metabolism has derived mainly from indirect measurements of dietary sodium intake and urinary sodium excretion, however both attempt to measure body sodium and fluid in a two‐compartment model of intracellular and extracellular spaces. Our understanding of total body sodium has recently included a storage pool in tissues. In the last two decades, sodium‐23 magnetic resonance imaging (23Na MRI) has allowed dynamic quantification of tissue sodium in vivo. Tissue sodium is independently associated with cardiovascular dysfunction and inflammation. This review explores (i) The revolution of our understanding of sodium physiology, (ii) The development and potential clinical adoption of 23Na MRI to provide improved measurement of total body sodium in CKD and (iii) How we can better understand mechanistic and clinical implications of tissue sodium in hypertension, cardiovascular disease and immune dysregulation, especially in the CKD population.
The effects of acetylcholine on intracellular calcium fluorescence in smooth muscle cells of human esophagogastric junction cultured in vitro
Authors: Gao Yang , Liu Jun‐Feng , Zhang Chao 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundMost esophageal motility studies are based on animals. It is necessary to explore smooth muscle motility in the human esophagus. This study was undertaken to explore the feasibility of in vitro culture of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) from human esophagogastric junction (EGJ) and to determine changes of intracellular calcium (Ca2+) fluorescence ([Ca2+]i) in SMCs stimulated by acetylcholine (ACh).MethodsPrimary cells of EGJ (Clasp, Sling, esophageal circular muscle (ECM), and longitudinal muscle (ELM)) were obtained by enzymatic digestion (ED) and explant culture with tissues (EC‐T) from 9 upper esophageal carcinoma patients. Cells were cultured in smooth muscle cell medium (SMCM) and DMEM/F‐12 medium containing 10% newborn bovine serum (10%‐F12), respectively, and then identified by α‐SMA staining. After incubation with 5 μM Fluo‐3/am, the effect of 10−6 mM ACh on [Ca2+]i in Ca2+‐containing and Ca2+‐free buffers was evaluated by confocal microscopy.ResultsCultured cells from ED and EC‐T were identified as SMCs by α‐SMA with spindle surface and “hills and valleys” morphology. Cells cultured in 10%‐F12 showed better morphology. The main characteristic of [Ca2+]i in Clasp‐, Sling‐ and ECM‐SMCs was the release of intracellular Ca2+ stores; the main characteristic in ELM‐SMCs was extracellular Ca2+ influx. However, these cells seemed not to rely on a unique Ca2+ activity, instead combining the two activities to maintain [Ca2+]i.ConclusionsIt was feasible to culture human EGJ SMCs in vitro; moreover, Ach‐induced changes of [Ca2+]i in EGJ SMCs represent a complex interaction of intracellular Ca2+ release and extracellular Ca2+ influx.
Characteristics of, and natural history among, individuals with Rome IV functional bowel disorders
Authors: Goodoory Vivek C. , Houghton Lesley A. , Black Christopher J. , Ford Alexander C. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about the natural history of functional bowel disorders using Rome IV criteria. We examined these issues in a longitudinal follow‐up study.MethodsWe collected complete demographic, gastrointestinal symptom, and psychological comorbidity data at baseline from 1372 adults who met Rome IV criteria for one of the five functional bowel disorders. At 12 months, we collected data regarding gastrointestinal symptoms, psychological comorbidity, consultation behavior, and treatment commenced. We examined prognosis and stability of all five functional bowel disorders.Key resultsAt baseline, 811 (59.1%) individuals met Rome IV criteria for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), 76 (5.5%) functional constipation (FC), 199 (14.5%) functional diarrhea (FDr), 130 (9.5%) functional abdominal bloating or distension (FABD), and 156 (11.4%) unspecified functional bowel disorder (UFBD). In total, 782 (57.0%) were successfully followed up. Individuals with IBS at baseline were significantly more likely to report symptoms compatible with anxiety, depression, or somatoform‐type behavior (p < 0.001 for all analyses) at baseline and follow‐up compared with those with the other four functional bowel disorders. IBS was the most stable functional bowel disorder; 319 (70.6%) of 452 participants still met criteria for IBS at 12 months, compared with 14 (34.1%) of 41, 43 (35.5%) of 121, 26 (33.8%) of 77, and 37 (40.7%) of 91 for FC, FDr, FABD, and UFBD, respectively (p < 0.001).Conclusions and InferencesIndividuals with Rome IV‐defined IBS exhibited higher levels of anxiety, depression, or somatoform‐type symptom reporting. IBS was the most stable and the likeliest disorder that the other four functional bowel disorders would fluctuate to.
Probing associations between interbrain synchronization and interpersonal action coordination during guitar playing
Authors: Müller Viktor , Lindenberger Ulman 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPlaying music in an ensemble is a highly coordinated human action involving musicians’ brain–body interactions at different levels of physical and cortical organization in time and space. It has been suggested that interbrain phase synchronization plays an essential role in musical interaction. In this study, we aimed to explore associations between interbrain synchronization and interpersonal action coordination, using electroencephalographic recordings of the brain activity of guitarists playing in a duet as well as the acoustic recordings of their music. By applying phase synchronization algorithms to the musicians’ brain activities and the sounds produced during guitar playing, we show that synchronous brain activity is strongly related to instrument sounds and behavioral play‐onset synchrony, as indicated by phase alignment in relation to the time differences in play onsets and an angular–linear correlation between phase and time differences across trials and guitarist pairs. Interestingly, this correlation was especially strong in the first part of the music piece, when the guitarists seem to adjust their coordinated play onsets and brain rhythms actively. This suggests that the methods capturing intra‐ and interbrain synchronization and its relations to coordinated playing provide crucial information about the underlying mechanisms of interpersonal action coordination.
FASN inhibition sensitizes metastatic OSCC cells to cisplatin and paclitaxel by downregulating cyclin B1
Authors: Almeida Luciana Yamamoto de , Moreira Fernanda dos Santos , Santos Guilherme Augusto Silva dos , Cuadra Zelaya Florence Juana Maria , Ortiz César Alexander , Agostini Michelle , Mariano Flávia Sammartino , Bastos Débora Campanella , Daher Ulisses Ribaldo Nicolau , Kowalski Luiz Paulo , Coletta Ricardo D. , Graner Edgard 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the potential effect of fatty acid synthase (FASN) inhibitor orlistat to enhance the effectiveness of chemotherapy drugs widely used to treat oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC), such as 5‐fluorouracil, cisplatin, and paclitaxel.MethodsThe OSCC SCC‐9 LN‐1 metastatic cell line, which expresses high levels of FASN, was used for drug combination experiments. Cell viability was analyzed by crystal violet staining and automatic cell counting. Apoptosis and cell cycle were analyzed by flow cytometry with Annexin‐V/7‐AAD and propidium iodide staining, respectively. Cyclin B1, Cdc25C, Cdk1, FASN, and ERBB2 levels were assessed by Western blotting. Finally, cell scratch and transwell assays were performed to assess cell migration and invasion.ResultsInhibition of FASN with orlistat sensitized SCC‐9 LN‐1 cells to the cytotoxic effects of paclitaxel and cisplatin, but not 5‐fluorouracil, which was accompanied by a significant reduction in cyclin B1. The suppression of proliferation, migration, and invasion of SCC‐9 LN‐1 cells induced by orlistat plus cisplatin or paclitaxel was not superior to the effects of chemotherapy drugs alone.ConclusionOur results suggest that orlistat enhances the chemosensitivity of SCC‐9 LN‐1 cells to cisplatin and paclitaxel by downregulating cyclin B1.
Computer monitor pixellation and Landolt C visual acuity
Authors: Carkeet Andrew , Lister Lucas , Goh Yee Teng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the effects of computer monitor pixel density on Landolt C visual acuity measurements and to provide appropriate pixel density recommendations for Landolt C vision chart design.MethodsParticipants were 10 healthy observers aged 18–31 years (mean 21.7 ± 3.6). Logarithmic progression charts were used, consisting of eight rows of five Landolt C optotypes ranging from −0.40 logMAR to 0.30 logMAR. Monitor pixel angular subtense varied from 0.10 min arc to 1.97 min arc, achieved by changing the chart test distance. Testing took place with two filtering conditions: unfiltered optotypes, (pixels rendered either black or white) and anti‐aliased optotypes with pixel luminance averaged for a pixel square and rendered as grey levels.ResultsEach participant's acuity versus pixel size data sets were fitted by a nonlinear relationship with acuity equal to an asymptotic threshold visual acuity (VAas) for small pixel sizes below a critical pixel size (Pcrit). For pixel sizes larger than Pcrit there was a linear relationship between acuity thresholds and pixel size. For anti‐aliased Landolt Cs, mean Pcrit was 1.23 min, and for unfiltered Landolt Cs average Pcrit was 0.65 min. For anti‐aliased LandoltCs, Pcrit was 2.01xVAas, and for unfiltered Landolt Cs Pcrit was 1.05xVAas.ConclusionThese results are quantitatively very similar to previous research on pixellation and Sloan optotype acuity. We have demonstrated that spatially filtering Landolt C optotypes acts as anti‐aliasing, to make them more robust to the degradation effects of pixellation. Previous recommendations for maximum pixel size on Sloan letter vision charts can be applied safely to Landolt C charts.
Insomnia symptoms and chronic pain: Outcomes of an interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation program
Authors: Craner Julia R. , Flegge Lindsay G. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesInsomnia is a highly prevalent problem among patients with chronic pain. Interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation programs (IPRPs) are a leading treatment option for chronic pain; however, research is limited and existing findings are mixed on the impact of insomnia symptoms on IPRP outcomes and the extent to which insomnia symptoms improve as a result of IPRP treatment.MethodsIn this study, insomnia and pain‐related outcomes following a 10‐week IPRP were examined from a relatively large sample (N = 393) of adult patients with varying chronic pain conditions who completed the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) at program admission and discharge. Both group‐ and individual‐level changes in insomnia severity were examined to evaluate statistically and clinically significant changes in insomnia symptoms, along with the impact of insomnia symptoms on measures of pain, emotional distress, and functioning. Participants were categorized as having no clinically significant insomnia symptoms (NCSI), mild, moderate, or severe insomnia based on ISI scores.ResultsHigher levels of insomnia severity were associated with worse pain, functioning, and emotional distress. Most patients reporting mild, moderate, or severe insomnia symptoms at program admission moved to a lower insomnia symptom category at the time of discharge (62%); however, only 33% of these patients reported a meaningful score reduction (i.e., ISI change ≥8 points). In addition, insomnia symptoms had a negative impact on treatment gains related to pain interference and physical health‐related quality of life.DiscussionThese findings suggest that usual IPRP care confers overall treatment benefit for individuals with chronic pain and insomnia. However, insomnia symptoms may negatively impact pain treatment outcomes and usual care appears insufficient to address elevated insomnia symptoms for many patients. Additional insomnia‐specific treatment may be warranted for patients with comorbid chronic pain.
Modified expression of TaCYP78A5 enhances grain weight with yield potential by accumulating auxin in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Guo Lijian , Ma Meng , Wu Linnan , Zhou Mengdie , Li Mengyao , Wu Baowei , Li Long , Liu Xiangli , Jing Ruilian , Chen Wei , Zhao Huixian 
Published: September 2021

SummaryIncreasing grain yield has always been the primary goal of crop breeding. KLUH/CYP78A5 has been shown to affect seed size in several plant species, but the relevant molecular mechanism is still unclear and there are no reports of this gene contributing to yield. Here, we demonstrate that modified expression of TaCYP78A5 can enhance wheat grain weight and grain yield per plant by accumulating auxin. TaCYP78A5 is highly expressed in maternal tissues, including ovary and seed coat during wheat development. The constitutive overexpression of TaCYP78A5 leads to significantly increased seed size and weight but not grain yield per plant due to the strengthening of apical dominance. However, localized overexpression of TaCYP78A5 in maternal integument enhances grain weight and grain yield per plant by 4.3%–18.8% and 9.6%–14.7%, respectively, in field trials. Transcriptome and hormone metabolome analyses reveal that TaCYP78A5 participates in auxin synthesis pathway and promotes auxin accumulation and cell wall remodelling in ovary. Phenotype investigation and cytological observation show that localized overexpression of TaCYP78A5 in ovary results in delayed flowering and prolonged proliferation of maternal integument cells, which promote grain enlargement. Moreover, naturally occurring variations in the promoter of TaCYP78A5‐2A contribute to thousand‐grain weight (TGW) and grain yield per plant of wheat;TaCYP78A5‐2A haplotype Ap‐HapII with higher activity is favourable for improving grain weight and grain yield per plant and has been positively selected in wheat breeding. Then, a functional marker of TaCYP78A5 haplotype Ap‐HapII is developed for marker‐assisted selection in wheat grain and yield improvement.
ERF9 of Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. undergoes feedback regulation by ethylene and modulates cold tolerance via regulating a glutathione S‐transferase U17 gene
Authors: Zhang Yang , Ming Ruhong , Khan Madiha , Wang Yue , Dahro Bachar , Xiao Wei , Li Chunlong , Liu Ji‐Hong 
Published: September 2021

SummaryPlant ethylene‐responsive factors (ERFs) play essential roles in cold stress response, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this process remain poorly understood. In this study, we characterized PtrERF9 from trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.), a cold‐hardy plant. PtrERF9 was up‐regulated by cold in an ethylene‐dependent manner. Overexpression of PtrERF9 conferred prominently enhanced freezing tolerance, which was drastically impaired when PtrERF9 was knocked down by virus‐induced gene silencing. Global transcriptome profiling indicated that silencing of PtrERF9 resulted in substantial transcriptional reprogramming of stress‐responsive genes involved in different biological processes. PtrERF9 was further verified to directly and specifically bind with the promoters of glutathione S‐transferase U17 (PtrGSTU17) and ACC synthase1 (PtrACS1). Consistently, PtrERF9‐overexpressing plants had higher levels of PtrGSTU17 transcript and GST activity, but accumulated less ROS, whereas the silenced plants showed the opposite changes. Meanwhile, knockdown of PtrERF9 decreased PtrACS1 expression, ACS activity and ACC content. However, overexpression of PtrERF9 in lemon, a cold‐sensitive species, caused negligible alterations of ethylene biosynthesis, which was attributed to perturbed interaction between PtrERF9, along with lemon homologue ClERF9, and the promoter of lemon ACS1 gene (ClACS1) due to mutation of the cis‐acting element. Taken together, these results indicate that PtrERF9 acts downstream of ethylene signalling and functions positively in cold tolerance via modulation of ROS homeostasis by regulating PtrGSTU17. In addition, PtrERF9 regulates ethylene biosynthesis by activating PtrACS1 gene, forming a feedback regulation loop to reinforce the transcriptional regulation of its target genes, which may contribute to the elite cold tolerance of Poncirus trifoliata.
Boosting the power of transcriptomics by developing an efficient gene expression profiling approach
Authors: Wang Jing , Xu Jun , Yang Xiaohan , Xu Song , Zhang Ming , Lu Fei 
Published: September 2021

SummaryRecent advances in plant genomics are scaling up gene expression profiling from the individual level to the population level, making transcriptomics a more powerful tool while deciphering the genome function. This study developed an efficient 3′RNA‐seq method, Simplified Poly(A) Anchored Sequencing (SiPAS), to perform large‐scale experiments of gene expression quantification. Aside from being cost‐effective, by conducting a comprehensive performance assessment of SiPAS in hexaploid wheat, we demonstrated that SiPAS is highly sensitive, accurate, and reproducible while quantifying gene expression. Our method is anticipated to boost studies of population transcriptomics in plants and improve our understanding of genome biology.
The significance of breastfeeding practices on postpartum depression risk
Authors: Toledo Christine , Cianelli Rosina , Villegas Rodriguez Natalia , De Oliveira Giovanna , Gattamorta Karina , Wojnar Danuta , Ojukwu Emmanuela 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveExamine the relationship between breastfeeding practices (breastfeeding status and breastfeeding length) and postpartum depression (PPD) risk, after controlling for significant risk factors for PPD.DesignA cross‐sectional, correlational study design was used. Data was used from a national dataset using a subsample of women (n = 29,682) residing in 26 states in the United States that answered the 2016 Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) questionnaire. A secondary analysis was conducted using descriptive and bivariate analyses, and a multiple logistic regression model.ResultsWomen currently breastfeeding (AOR = 0.87 CI: 0.79–0.95, p = .001), and women who breastfed for longer periods of time (p = < .002) had a statistically significantly lower PPD risk compared to their counterparts, even after accounting for significant covariates.ConclusionsStudy findings suggest breastfeeding as a cost efficient and healthy behavior that can decrease a woman's risk for PPD. Nurses should educate and promote the maternal mental health benefits of breastfeeding in addition to the health benefits for the infant.
Epicureans and Stoics on the Rationality of Perception
Authors: Schwab Whitney , Shogry Simon 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper examines an ancient debate over the rationality of perception. What leads the Stoics to affirm, and the Epicureans to deny, that to form a sense‐impression is an activity of reason? The answer, we argue, lies in a disagreement over what is required for epistemic success. For the Stoics, epistemic success consists in believing the right propositions, and only rational states, in virtue of their predicational structure, put us in touch with propositions. Since they identify some sense‐impressions as criteria of truth and thus as the basis for epistemic success, the Stoics maintain that sense‐impressions must be rational. The Epicureans agree with the Stoics that sense‐impressions function as criteria of truth, and also agree broadly on what it means for a state to be rational, but deny that sense‐impressions are rational because (1) they think that epistemic success must be supported by a state that is necessarily error‐free and (2) accept that rational states can be false. In reconstructing this debate, we refine the standard interpretation of the fundamental difference between Epicurean and Stoic epistemology and also develop parallels with epistemological debates today. One upshot is a more nuanced appreciation of the merits of Epicurean epistemology vis‐à‐vis the Stoics.
Banks, Bosses, and Bears: A Pragmatist Argument Against Encroachment
Authors: Leary Stephanie 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe pragmatism—anti‐pragmatism debate concerns whether practical considerations can constitute genuinely normativewrong‐kind reasons(WKRs) for and against doxastic attitudes, whereas the encroachment—anti‐encroachment debate concerns whether practical considerations can affect whatright‐kind reasons(RKRs) one has or needs to have in order to enjoy some epistemic status. While these are two separate issues, my main aim is to show that pragmatists have a plausible debunking explanation to offer of encroachment cases: that the practical considerations in these cases only generate WKRs against belief, rather than affect the RKRs one has or needs to have, so that the agents in these cases ought to withhold belief, but only in a practical or all‐things‐considered sense. Moreover, I argue that the pragmatist debunker's explanation of what's going on in encroachment cases is more plausible than the encroacher's because they're structurally identical to cases involving WKRs against other attitudes like admiration and fear. These analogous WKR‐cases not only support the surprising conclusion that pragmatists should be anti‐encroachers, but they also challenge the encroacher's view independently of whether pragmatism is true.
Response of a carnivorous plant to simulated herbivory
Authors: Ortuño‐Mendieta M. , Hernández‐Alvear N. A. , Alcalá R. E. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Studies addressing the impact of herbivory in carnivorous plants are scarce, despite loss of tissue being expected to be costly, as leaves are involved in both energy and nutrient acquisition. We evaluated the effect of simulated herbivory in a population of the carnivorous plant Pinguicula moranensis. We predicted an overall negative impact of herbivory by reducing growth, flowering probability and survivorship. Specifically, we expected that the increase in the negative effect should be related to the amount of leaf area removed.

We performed simulated herbivory in plants growing in situ (2015) and ex situ (greenhouse, 2016) using a paper punch (herbivory ranging from 0 to 50%). In the ex‐situ experiment, we also tested the effect of availability of resources by implementing a prey addition trial where half of the plants were supplemented with prey (one fruit fly per week).

In both experiments, our hypothesis was not supported, as growth, flowering probability and survivorship were not influenced by herbivory treatments. Plants subjected to prey addition did not show higher performance than plants deprived of prey, contradicting our prediction that availability of resources could ameliorate the effect of herbivory.

Overall, the lack of differences in performance between undamaged (control) and damaged plants indicate an unexpected short‐term ability of P. moranensis to tolerate herbivory, even at high levels of damage.