bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of diagnostic accuracy of the automatic system for the analysis of digital lung X-ray for detection of spherical masses
Authors: Gavrilov P. V. , Smolnikova U. A. 
Published: July 2021

Rationale: Most data on the effectiveness of systems for the analysis of digital X-ray images have been provided by their developers and require a high-quality validation in databases prepared independently of the developer.Aim: To analyze the information content of automatic identification of spherical lung masses with digital X-ray imaging using one of the widely available diagnostic algorithms on publicly unaccessible reference datasets.Materials and methods: The study was based on the recognition and analysis of digital X-ray images from two publicly inaccessible reference datasets that have the state registration (Russian Federation) with one of the publicly available diagnostic algorithms (FutureMed Analyzer). The study was performed using two models of X-ray screening as examples: Model 1 consisted of 100 X-ray images of the lungs with a normal: abnormal ratio of 94%: 6%; Model 2 consisted of 5150 chest X-ray images with a normal: abnormal ratio of 97%: 3%.Results: According to the results of the analysis of the X-ray images with the diagnostic system, 98% of the images were correctly interpreted with Model 1 and 95% of the images, with Model 2. 83% of the cases from Model 1 and 69% from Model 2% were interpreted as images with lung abnormalities. The percentage of correct answers for differentiation of the chest X-ray images into two categories (normal vs. abnormal) for Model 1 and Model 2 was 95% and 98%, respectively. The sensitivity for detection of abnormal masses ranged from 69% to 83%. The specificity was 99% for the Model 1 chest X-ray images and 96% for the Model 2 chest X-ray images. The underdiagnosis rate was quite low ranging for Model 1 – 17%, and for Model 2 – 31%. The area under the curve for Model 1 was 0.91 and for Model 2 0.85.Conclusion: The diagnostic efficiency of the automatic image analysis based on the convolutional neuronal networks approaches that of the radiologists. This system of automatic identification of abnormalities was unable to solve the most complex problems of detecting low density spherical masses (like "ground glass" area on computed tomography) and that of shadow summation for abnormalities located in such difficult to interpret zones as lung apices, clavicles, ribs, etc. To select a suitable system, medical institutions need to conduct preliminary testing in their own models equivalent to the studies performed in a given institution (parameters for radiography, nature and frequency of abnormalities).
Efficacy of EMLA™ cream for reducing pain associated with venepuncture in felines
Authors: Leask Erina 
Published: July 2021

PICO question
In adult cats undergoing a venepuncture procedure, does the application of a topical lidocaine based anaesthetic to the skin at the venepuncture site reduce the severity of signs associated with pain when compared to no topical anaesthetic?

Clinical bottom line
Category of research question
Treatment
The number and type of study designs reviewed
Four papers were critically reviewed. Three were prospective, double-blind, randomised, controlled clinical trials, and one was a prospective, double-blind, controlled experimental trial
Strength of evidence
Moderate
Outcomes reported
The application of Eutectic Mixture of Local Anaesthetics (EMLA™) cream to clipped skin over the procedure site, a minimum of 30 minutes prior to the venepuncture procedure, significantly reduced the severity of pain-associated behaviours during jugular phlebotomy in healthy, conscious feline patients when compared to a placebo1,2. In felines sedated with dexmedetomidine and either methadone or nalbuphine, the administration of EMLA™ cream to clipped skin for 20 minutes significantly decreased the severity of pain responses during intravenous (IV) cephalic vein catheterisation when compared to no treatment3. In clinically unwell feline patients, the use of EMLA™ cream on clipped skin at the site of jugular catheterisation 60 minutes prior demonstrated reduced pain responses compared to a placebo, but further investigation with a larger sample size is required to verify statistical significance4
Conclusion
The available evidence moderately supports the hypothesis that EMLA™ cream is an effective and noninvasive treatment for providing enhanced pain-relief during jugular and cephalic vein phlebotomy for the purposes of blood collection and catheterisation, respectively. The areas for treatment should be clipped free of hair, and the cream applied for a minimum of 30 minutes in non-sedated cats and 20 minutes in cats sedated with dexmedetomidine and either methadone or nalbuphine. Moreover, when applied to normal, intact skin and covered by an occlusive bandage to avoid ingestion, it is well supported by supplementary evidence that EMLA™ cream has a wide safety margin for topical use in cats4,5

How to apply this evidence in practice
The application of evidence into practice should take into account multiple factors, not limited to: individual clinical expertise, patient’s circumstances and owners’ values, country, location or clinic where you work, the individual case in front of you, the availability of therapies and resources.
Knowledge Summaries are a resource to help reinforce or inform decision making. They do not override the responsibility or judgement of the practitioner to do what is best for the animal in their care.
Correlation Between The Knowledge On Health Effects Of Smoking And Motivation On Smoking Cessation In Ex-Smokers Of Lung Department Patients, Siloam General Hospital, Lippo Village.
Authors: Wong Clarinda , Lucas Brian , Sungono Veli , Kurniawan Andree , Widysanto Allen 
Published: July 2021

<p><strong>Introduction:</strong><strong> </strong>Data from WHO showed that deaths caused by tobacco reaches approximately ± 6 million deaths annually. There are many information about the danger of smoking which spreading from various sources. The level of knowledge about the danger of smoking can be associated with motivation to stop smoking. Therefore, motivation toward smoking cessation arises if someone knows the benefits that can be taken, through an adequate knowledge.</p><p><strong>Aim:</strong><strong> </strong>To determine the relationship between the level of knowledge on the health effects of smoking with motivation to stop smoking in ex-smokers of lung department patients at Siloam General Hospital, Lippo Village.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This is a cross-sectional study, analyzing 138 ex-smokers of Siloam General Hospital’s lung department patients using consecutive sampling techniques.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>the results showed 73.2% of people have good knowledge about the danger of smoking and 26.8% are not. Then, 58% of people have high motivation to stop smoking and 42% have low motivation. The results of statistical test using Chi Square showed a significant relationship between the level of knowledge and the motivation to quit smoking (OR = 4.293 [95% CI: 1,921-9,594], <em>P</em>&lt;.001). The results of the multivariate logistic regression test showed educational factors (<em>P</em>=0.014), and the frequency of smoking (<em>P</em>=0.007) also influence the motivation to stop smoking.</p><strong>Conclusion : </strong>There’s a significant relation between knowledge about the danger of smoking and the motivation to quit smoking.
A Systematic Review of Coronavirus Disease 2019 with Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Adult: Focus on Risk Factors, Mechanism, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Authors: Jodhinata Claudia , Kurniawan Andree , Halim Devina Adella 
Published: July 2021

<p><strong>Context: </strong>Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a newly discovered disease, caused by SARS-CoV-2 and currently has become a pandemic. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is the most common complication in COVID-19. There were numerous conflicting results among articles related to it. The aim of this study is to ascertain the most compelling evidence about ARDS in COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Evidence Acquisition: </strong>This systematic review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020180379). A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, PubMed central, and Google Scholar on April 16, 2020. Two reviewers independently searched and selected the articles. The risk of bias was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality assessment tool.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1,647 articles were screened, 9 articles were included. Patients were classified as having various degrees of ARDS, the diagnosis of COVID-19 was confirmed by PCR nasopharyngeal swab. Risk factors of ARDS in COVID-19 reported were older age, male gender, and pre-existing medical conditions. Cytokine storm was thought to play a role in the mechanism of ARDS. The main treatment for COVID-19 was supportive and symptomatic. To date, there is no antiviral treatment recommended for COVID-19 and the given treatment for ARDS in COVID-19 was similar to other pneumonia-induced ARDS. No additional therapy specific for ARDS in COVID-19 has been proposed.</p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our synthesis of the literature showed that there was no good evidence in the mechanism and treatment of ARDS. Further translation research in the mechanism of ARDS and continuing with clinical trials evaluating drug efficacy for ARDS in COVID-19 is needed.
Manajemen Kolaboratif Dalam Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah Di Kabupaten Banjarnegara
Authors: Widyaningsih Herlina Wahyu Tri 
Published: July 2021

Disaster measurement in Indonesia include in Banjarnegara District by collaborative management, which expected could solvable. The implementation of collaborative management of manajement disater in Banjarnegara District had human resources, budget, and equipment limitation. This situation been interesting researchers to exam the collaborative management of disaster management in Banjarnegara District.
This research aims to analyze how collaborative management in disaster management at Banjarnegara District at response, recovery and developing phase, and to analyze the supporting and inhibiting factors to collaborative management of disaster management in Banjarnegara District and the strategies to solving the problem. This research was qualitative research with descriptive approach. Researh methode was case study. The informants select by purposive sampling techniques with consideration that informant realy understand about collaborative management of disaster management in Banjarnegara District, so could gave many information about research problems. The prime informants were the Head of BPBD, the Head of BPBD Operational Section, the Health Service, Secretary of government Banjarnegara District, Commission D of Regional Representative Council in Banjarnegara, and Head of Social Service. Supporting informant is the head of community organization. Data collection by interviews, observation and documentation. Research data were analyzed by interactive model.
The results of this research been concluted: 1) Collaborative management of disaster management in Banjarnegara District over all not satisfaction comunity and not effective and efficient yet. At response phase could been doing quite well, at recovery phase could been doing well, and at developing phase could been doing well too but not finished at all yet caused by comunity land acquisition problem. BPBD could collaborate with some elements of government institution and non-governmental institutions in order to achieve a common goal which is to minimize the number of victims and the risk of disaster impacts, 2) Supporting factors were communication, commitment and mutual understanding among the stakeholders which be realized in collaboration and awareness all elements about their duties and responsibility so the limitation factors like human resources, equipment and budget can be solving by those collaboration. So that could say if collaborative management of disaster management in Banjarnegara District was solvable for disaster management in Banjarnegara District which has susceptible and disaster potenstions from several aspects, that was geographical, climatological, geological, and demographic social.
Validating a Low-Fidelity Model for Microsurgical Anastomosis Training
Authors: Mohammad Saeed , Hanstein Regina , Lo Yungtai , Levy I. Martin 
Published: July 2021

Background:
With cost, size, and availability in mind, we developed a low-fidelity microsurgery anastomosis model for mastery of the tool skills needed to execute microsurgical procedures. The model combined the use of a cannulated Konnyaku Shirataki (KS) noodle with a low-cost, industrial inspection, trinocular stereo (IITS) microscope. The purpose of this study was to establish face and construct validity of this novel “combined” microsurgery training tool.

Methods:
Fifteen participants, divided into 3 groups based on microsurgery experience, attempted microsurgical anastomoses of a cannulated KS noodle using the IITS microscope. Participants were asked to (1) manipulate the noodle ends adjacent to each other, (2) place a single 7-0 nylon suture through the opposed ends, and (3) complete the anastomosis. To determine construct validity, the performance of the microsurgical repair (maximum score 53 points) and time-to-anastomosis was assessed. To determine face validity, microsurgeons were given a 25-item, 5-point scale survey rating their experience with the model.

Results:
Participants included 5 microsurgeons, 5 experienced trainees, and 5 novices. The microsurgeons judged the IITS microscope to be a close analog to an operating microscope (4.6/5 points), the combined model to have high educational value (4.7/5 points), and somewhat technical similarity with microsurgery in the operating room (OR) (3.7/5 points). The median technical score was 50 among microsurgeons, 40 among experienced trainees, and 27 among novices. Increased training level was associated with greater technical score among all 3 groups (p=0.002). The median time-to-anastomosis was 5.88 minutes for microsurgeons, 8.37 minutes for experienced trainees, and 17.10 minutes for novices. Increased training level was associated with shorter time-to-anastomosis (p=0.003).

Conclusion:
The use of the KS noodle with a benchtop stereo microscope is a novel approach to microsurgical training. It is inexpensive, available, conducive to high-repetition training, and suited to many learning environments. Microsurgeons found that this combined model was representative of microsurgery in the OR, and we concluded face validity. Furthermore, an association was demonstrated between training level and performance on the model, suggesting construct validity.
Upaya Pemurnian Landfill Biogas Menggunakan Metode Adsroben Steel Wool
Authors: Adhani Muhammad Affan , Caturwati Ni Ketut , Rosyadi Imron 
Published: July 2021

Nilai kalor yang dimiliki oleh biogas sangat mempengaruhi lamanya waktu proses pembakaran. Beberapa penelitian telah dilakukan untuk meningkatkan nilai kalor yaitu dengan menurunkan kadar zat pengotor yang terkandung bersama biogas. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan upaya peningkatan nilai kalor biogas dengan menggunakan steel wool sebagai adsorben dengan variasi massa steel wool (500 gram dan 600 gram) dan variasi laju aliran biogas (1 lpm, 2 lpm, dan 3 lpm). Peningkatan nilai kalor biogas sebelum dan sesudah pemurnian ditentukan dengan water heating test. Hasil penelitian menunjukan peningkatan nilai kalor diperoleh pada filter dengan massa adsorben 600 gr dan laju aliran biogas 1 lpm, dimana nilai kalor meningkat sebesar 36.19%. Sedangkan filter dengan 500 gr steel wool adsroben dan laju aliran biogas 3 lpm, menghasilkan peningkatan nilai kalor terendah yaitu sebesar 4.46%. Hasil eksperimen menunjukan peningkatan nilai kalor semakin tinggi jika laju aliran biogas makin rendah melalui kolom adsorben dengan massa steel wool yang semakin tinggi.
Palladium/N-CD3-Xu-Phos-catalyzed enantioselective cascade Heck/remote C(sp2)−H alkylation reaction
Authors: Xu Bing , Ji Danting , Zhou Lizuo , Zhou Lujia , Liu Yu , Zhang Zhang-Ming , Zhang Junliang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Heck-type C-H bond activation of unactivated alkenes has emerged as a powerful strategy for the construction of synthetically valuable spirocycles over past 30 years, however, the development of asymmetric version has lagged largely behind. Herein we demonstrate a robust Heck-type reaction of a broad range of unactivated alkenes enabled by the first palladium/Xu-Phos-catalyzed tandem Heck/remote C−H bond alkylation. Moreover, the synthesis of both enantiomers of the product using the same enantiomer of a chiral ligand via a position of the phenyl ring-dependent enantiodivergent synthesis. The salient features of this methodology include operational simplicity, high chemo- and enantioselectivity, broad substrate scope. In addition, we first revealed that the C(sp2)-H activation, alkene insertion and C−I reductive elimination steps are reversible by experiments.
Differentiated Instruction in Chinese Primary and Secondary Schools: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Bi Meijie , Struyven Katrien , Zhu Change 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This study aims to probe into the concepts and use of differentiated instruction (DI) in Chinese primary and secondary schools by means of a systematic literature review from 1995 to 2019. Outcomes are presented in the form of thematic overview. Findings report that Chinese national conditions contributed to DI’ s definitions and theoretical basis from historical and realistic perspectives. Then, the selected articles show that Chinese teachers from primary and secondary schools are aware of the importance of student diversity, such as interests, learning style and abilities. Moreover, teachers can organize many teaching methods, like flexible grouping and collaborative learning, to build DI classrooms for satisfying various needs of learners. Results also point out DI’ s positive effect on students’ achievement, but Chinese large class size and teacher incapability are the main obstacles to the implementation of DI.
Blockchain for Colombian Organic Coffee Traceability on Hyperledger
Authors: Díaz Rafael E. Bettín , Rojas Alix E , Moncayo Camilo Mejía 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This paper examines the process of implementing a Blockchain on a supply chain study case using Hyperledger. The objective of this research is to understand how to implement Blockchain technology into a business process like the supply chain. This document explains from the study case of Colombian organic coffee to develop a proof-of-concept of the technology and how establish its feasibility, isolate technical issues, and provide feedback. With the recent interest of adopting Blockchain to leverage business process capabilities, the results of this implementation show it is possible to trace product origin using Blockchain, as well they also reveal challenges that need to be addressed. This paper analyses the process used in the coffee production supply chain, the technological architecture proposed to support this scope, and a proposal to store the data into the Blockchain.
Breastfeeding and Child Oral Health Promotion: Perspectives of Nursing Mothers and Dentists
Authors: Cardozo Pedro Igor , FORTE FRANKLIN DELANO SOARES , Batiston Adriane Pires 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to analyze the knowledge and practices of dentists regarding breastfeeding as a strategy for promoting children's oral health. It also aimed to investigate how nursing mothers perceive the participation of dentists in actions to promote and support breastfeeding. Methods: this study employed a mixed methodological approach. During the quantitative phase, 91 dentists of the Family Health Strategy answered an electronic questionnaire, and the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. For the qualitative investigation, were interviewed 21 nursing mothers. These interviews were examined through content analysis, and the results were interpreted from the perspective of the Theory of Planned Behavior. Results: Among dentists, 81.3% agreed that they are aware of the implications of breastfeeding for the child's oral health and reported 72.8% advising mothers and pregnant women about its benefits. Ambivalent social norms and weaknesses related to actions promoting and supporting breastfeeding emerged in the speeches of nursing mothers, and unfamiliarity about the benefits of this practice for children's oral health. Conclusions: Dentists recognize the benefits of breastfeeding for children's oral health. On the other hand, the nursing mothers pointed out barriers, exposed weaknesses, and signaled necessary conjunction of efforts to improve maternal and child care quality.
Brain Functional Specialization and Cooperation in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Sun Jinmei , Gao Xiaoran , Hua Qiang , Du Rongrong , Liu Pingping , Liu Tingting , Yang Jinying , Qiu Bensheng , JI Gong-Jun , Hu Panpan , Wang Kai 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Cerebral specialization and inter-hemispheric cooperation are two of the most prominent functional architectures of the human brain. Their dysfunctions may be related to pathophysiological changes in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), who are characterized by unbalanced onset and progression of motor symptoms. Objective: This study aimed to characterize the two intrinsic architectures of hemispheric functions in PD using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging.Methods: Seventy idiopathic PD patients and 70 age-, sex-, and education-matched healthy subjects were recruited. All participants underwent magnetic resonance image scanning and clinical evaluations. The cerebral specialization (Autonomy index, AI) and inter-hemispheric cooperation (Connectivity between Functionally Homotopic voxels, CFH) were calculated and compared between groups. Results: Compared with healthy controls, PD patients showed stronger AI in the left angular gyrus. Specifically, this difference in specialization resulted from increased functional connectivity (FC) of the ipsilateral areas (e.g., the left prefrontal area), and decreased FC in the contralateral area (e.g., the right supramarginal gyrus). Imaging-cognitive correlation analysis indicated that these connectivity were positively related to the score of Montreal Cognitive Assessment in PD patients. CFH between the bilateral sensorimotor regions was significantly decreased in PD patients compared with controls. No significant correlation between CFH and cognitive scores was found in PD patients.Conclusions: This study illustrated a strong leftward specialization but weak inter-hemispheric coordination in PD patients. It provided new insights to further clarify the pathological mechanism of PD.