bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La evaluación de las competencias matemáticas abordada desde lineamientos socio formativos basados en las evidencias
Authors: Álvarez Gil Yair Rafael 
Published: April 2021

El presente artículo hace parte de revisión teórico conceptual de la investigación titulada: “Lineamientos de evaluación socio-formativa por competencias, basado en evidencias, que mejoran las prácticas evaluativas de los docentes”, para lo cual se empleó una investigación bibliográfica-documental, en la cual se realizó una de búsqueda, recuperación, análisis crítico e interpretación de datos de fuentes secundarias (Arias, 2012). Posteriormente, se estructuraron las temáticas abordadas en relación al tema central: La evaluación de las competencias matemáticas desde el enfoque socio formativos; desglosándola y describiendo cuatro (4) categorías: las concepciones sobre la evaluación de las competencias matemáticas, las prácticas evaluativas en relación a la evaluación por competencias, la fundamentación teórica del profesorado según el enfoque de evaluación por competencias y lineamiento de evaluación del enfoque socio formativos en a la educación por competencias. Concluyendo que la evaluación de competencias basada en lineamientos socioformativos basados en evidencias en el área de matemáticas, se convierte en una herramienta poderosa para la valoración de los aprendizajes de los estudiantes, evidenciado en las posibles soluciones de situaciones reales en diversos contextos, es decir, evidenciar los desempeños de los educandos en relación a las competencias específicas del área. De igual forma se llega a la comprensión de la articulación entre las concepciones, la fundamentación teórica y las practicas evaluativas en el área de las matemáticas dentro del enfoque sociformativo, a fin de lograr la coherencia entre lo evaluado y lo aprendido.
Peningkatan Karakter Bertanggung Jawab Siswa Melalui Model discovery Learning
Authors: Basariah Basariah , Sulaimi Mumbrita 
Published: April 2021

Riset ini dilaksanakan dengan tujuan meningkatkan karakter bertanggung jawab siswa kelas VIII-J SMP Negeri 10 Mataram pada pembelajaran PPKn dengan menggunakan model Discovery learning. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas. Pelaksanan penelitian ini dilakukan dengan dua siklus, setiap siklus terdiri dari 4 tahap yaitu: (1) perencanaan; (2) pelaksanaan; (3) observasi; dan (4) refleksi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dari siklus I, jumlah indikator model Discovery learning sebagai variabel tindakan yang muncul sebanyak 29 deskriptor. Persentase munculnya variabel harapan berupa karakter bertanggung jawab siswa sebanyak 23 orang (71,4%). Mengingat siklus I belum mencapai indikator kinerja, maka dilakukan refleksi untuk mengetahui penyebab indikator kinerja belum tercapai. Berdasarkan hasil refleksi diadakan perbaikan agar kualitas pembelajaran pada siklus II mengalami peningkatan sebanyak 37 deskriptor (100%). Peningkatan kualitas variabel tindakan, kualitas variabel harapan meningkat pada siklus II. Karakter bertanggung jawab menunjukkan bahwa 27 siswa (84.4%). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, maka dapat dinyatakan bahwa karakter bertanggung jawab siswa dapat ditingkatkan melalui penerapan model Discovery learning pada siswa kelas VIII-J SMP Negeri 10 Mataram dalam pembelajaran PPKn.
Pengembangan Keterampilan dalam Pembelajaran
Authors: Nasihudin Nasihudin , Hariyadin Hariyadin 
Published: April 2021

Akhir-akhir ini semakin besar perhatian masyarakat terutama kalangan pendidikan akan pentingnya materi keterampilan hidup (life skill) yang perlu dimiliki dan diajarkan sejak dini. Bahkan kurikulum berbasis kompetensi yang mulai diterapkan, kementerian pendidikan dan kebudayaan telah mengakomodasi dan memasukkan materi keterampilan hidup di dalamnya. Karena itu, tujuan penelitian ini untuk perkembangan anak (baik perkembangan mental kognitif, sosial emosional, dan moral kepribadian) pada tiap tahap perkembangan, menjadi rujukan tingkat keterampilan hidup itu sendiri. Keterampilan hidup adalah sisi lain dari prestasi perkembangan anak. Keterampilan adalah ukuran kemampuan yang dimiliki seseorang. Terlebih lagi dalam Keterampilan membuat atau mewujudkan sesuatu, baik bersifat materi maupun non materi, bisa menjadi modal dalam mencapai tujuan. Setiap kemampuan untuk mewujudkan sesuatu apapun bentuknya. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kepustakaan (Library Research), penelitian kepustakaan adalah kegiatan penelitian yang dilakukan dengan cara mengumpulkan informasi dan data dengan bantuan berbagai macam material yang ada di perpustakaan seperti buku referensi, hasil penelitian sebelumnya yang sejenis, artikel, catatan, serta berbagai jurnal yang berkaitan dengan masalah yang ingin dipecahkan. Hasil penelitian pendekatan keterampilan pada hakikatnya adalah suatu pengelolaan kegiatan belajar mengajar yang berfokus pada pelibatan siswa secara aktif dan kreatif dalam dalam proses pemerolehan hasil belajar. Pendekatan keterampilan ini dipandang sebagai pendekatan yang oleh banyak pakar paling sesuai dengan pelaksanaan pembelajaran di sekolah dalam rangka menghadapi pertumbuhan dan teknologi yang semakin cepat dewasa ini.
Psychometrics of Nurses' Perceptions of Technology Effectiveness Scale
Authors: Marcus Jessica A. , Clark Patricia C. 
Published: April 2021

Background:
When evaluating new technology designed to improve patient care quality and safety in the clinical setting, researchers need instruments with evidence of reliability and validity. This secondary analysis aimed to examine the reliability and validity of the Positive and Negative Effectiveness of Technology Use (PNET) instrument.

Method:
A sample of 71 nurses evaluated the current telephone interpretation system in use for persons with limited English proficiency. Internal consistency reliability using Cronbach's alpha and construct validity using factor analysis tests were assessed.

Results:
Both positive and negative scales of the PNET instrument had adequate internal consistency reliability coefficients (α > .70) and evidence of construct validity; however, some items on the negative effectiveness scale may need to be revised.

Conclusion:

The PNET scales may be useful in assessing nurses' views of existing and new technologies for quality improvement in the practice setting.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs
. 2021;52(5):248–252.]
Is Perls Prussian Blue Stain for Hemosiderin a Useful Adjunct in the Diagnosis of Vasculitic Neuropathies?
Authors: Dhinakaran Sathiyabama , Mahadevan Anita , Unchagi Asha , Kulkarni Girish B , Nagappa Madhu , Chickabasaviah Yasha T , Sankaran Bindu P , Taly Arun B , Shankar SK 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Perls Prussian blue stain (PPB) for hemosiderin, a marker of vascular injury is often employed as an adjunct in the diagnosis of vasculitic neuropathies. However, inflammation/vascular injury is also seen in leprosy, immune mediated, paraproteinemic, diabetic neuropathies, etc. The frequency of detection of hemosiderin in these neuropathies and its utility in diagnosis of vasculitis has not been explored.

Objective:
We evaluated 208 peripheral nerve biopsies for hemosiderin deposits by PPB stain in vasculitis (78) and compared with inflammatory/immune neuropathies [leprous neuritis-32, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP)-15, paraproteinemic neuropathies (POEMS)-12, diabetic neuropathy-37] and nonimmune neuropathies [Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease-15, vitamin B12 deficiency-7, and ischemic neuropathy in aged-12)].

Results:
Hemosiderin deposits were most frequent in vasculitis (48.72%) [59.2% in systemic; 43.1% in nonsystemic vasculitides] and enhanced the sensitivity of diagnosis in “probable” vasculitis (34.48%) that lacked transmural inflammation. Hemosiderin was also detected in infectious/immune-mediated neuropathies (leprous neuritis-56%, POEMS-33.3%, diabetes-18.9%) but absent in CMT, B12 deficiency, and ischemic neuropathy. Hemosiderin deposits involved epineurium in vasculitis, compared to endoneurial/perineurial location in leprosy and perineurial in POEMS and diabetic neuropathy. The sensitivity of detection was high in vasculitic neuropathy (49.35%) compared to other inflammatory neuropathies (22.3%) (P < 0.05) with high specificity (77.69% [positive predictive value (PPV)-56.71%; negative predictive value (NPV)-71.6%]. The specificity increased to 89% if leprous neuropathy was excluded, with PPV-77.5% while NPV dropped to 68.5%.

Conclusion:
These findings suggest that PPB stain for detection of hemosiderin is a useful adjunct in diagnosis of vasculitic neuropathy with high specificity but low sensitivity.
Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging Reflects GFAP, TopoIIα, and MGMT Expression in Astrocytomas
Authors: Wang Xiao-Chun , Tan Yan , Zhang Hui , Qin Jiang-Bo , Lei Yin , Hao Xiao-Yong 
Published: April 2021

Objective:
Preliminary study of magnetic resonance (MR) diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) assessing the pathological glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), TopoIIα, and O 6-methylguanine–DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) expression in astrocytomas.

Materials and Methods:
This study was approved by the local ethics committee, and informed consent was obtained from all participants. Sixty-six cases with pathologically proven astrocytomas were enrolled in this study; of which, 34 were high grade and remaining 32 were low grade. They patients underwent conventional MRI head scan, DKI scan, and enhanced scan under the same conditions. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean kurtosis (MK) calculated from DKI, as well as GFAP, TopoIIα, and MGMT expression level were compared prospectively between high and low-grade astrocytomas. Spearman rank correlation analysis was used for comparing values of DKI and GFAP, TopoIIα, and MGMT expression level in the two groups.

Results:
The MK values were significantly higher in high-grade astrocytomas than those in low-grade astrocytomas (P < 0.05); FA values demonstrated no significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.331). GFAP expression level was significantly lower in high-grade astrocytomas than in low-grade astrocytomas (P < 0.05). Topo-IIα expression level were significantly higher in high-grade astrocytomas than in low-grade astrocytomas (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in MGMT expression level between the two groups (P = 0.679). MK values were negatively correlated with the expression of GFAP (r = -0.836; P = 0.03), however, they were positively correlated with the expression of Topo-IIα (r = 0.896; P = 0.01). FA values were not correlated with the expression of GFAP (r = 0.366; P = 0.05), Topo-IIα (r = −0.562; P = 0.05), and MGMT (r = −0.153; P = 0.10).

Conclusion:
MK, the DKI parameter values of astrocytomas, was significantly correlated to the expression of GFAP and TopoIIα. To a certain extent, applying DKI may provide the biological behavior of tumor cell differentiation, proliferation activity, invasion and metastasis, and can guide individual treatment.
Predicting Long-Term Outcome of Patients of Early Parkinsonism with Acute Levodopa Challenge Test
Authors: Acharya Mrinal , Banerjee Subhadeep , Chatterjee Apratim , Mukherjee Adreesh , Biswas Samar , Gangopadhyay Goutam , Biswas Atanu 
Published: April 2021

Objectives:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of various outcomes of acute levodopa challenge test (ALCT) namely improvement of motor function, development of dyskinesia and intolerance; to predict the diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD) or Parkinson-plus syndrome; to predict levodopa responsiveness and levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) during long-term therapy.

Methods:
ALCT was performed on 89 patients with parkinsonism of <2 years and were followed up for 18 months. Improvement of UPDRSm by ≥30% was considered positive.

Results:
The test was positive in 37 (43.5%) and negative in 48 (56.5%) of 85 patients completing it. Of the 75 patients completing 18 months' follow-up 34 (45.3%) were diagnosed as IPD. A positive ALCT predicted a clinical diagnosis of IPD with sensitivity and specificity of 97.4% and 70.7% respectively. The predictive value of ALCT for long-term levodopa responsiveness was less than predicting a diagnosis of IPD. While appearance of dyskinesia during ALCT had a low predictive value for future LID (sensitivity 14.3%), it had high predictive value for a diagnosis of multisystem atrophy (MSA) (91% specificity and 37.5% sensitivity). The appearance of symptoms of levodopa intolerance (SLI) during ALCT could predict a clinical diagnosis of MSA with high specificity (95.5%) and moderate sensitivity (50%).

Conclusion:
Levodopa responsiveness during ALCT was useful in predicting a diagnosis of IPD but not long-term response to levodopa. The development of dyskinesia during ALCT could not correctly predict LID, but could predict a diagnosis of MSA. The appearance of SLI during ALCT could also predict MSA correctly.
Mitochondrial DNA Haplogroups and Three Independent Polymorphisms have no Association with the Risk of Parkinson's Disease in East Indian Population
Authors: Saha Tania , Roy Somrita , Chakraborty Rajashree , Biswas Arindam , Das Shyamal K , Ray Kunal , Ray Jharna , Sengupta Mainak 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multifaceted illness affecting ~ 0.3% of the world population. The genetic complexity of PD has not been, fully elucidated. Several studies suggest that mitochondrial DNA variants are associated with PD.

Objective:
Here, we have explored the possibility of genetic association between mitochondrial haplogroups as well as three independent SNPs with PD in a representative east Indian population.

Methods and Material:
The Asian mtDNA haplogroups: M, N, R, B, D, M7, and 3 other SNPs: 4336 T/C, 9055 G/A, 13708 G/A were genotyped in 100 sporadic PD patients and 100 matched controls via conventional PCR-RFLP-sequencing approach.

Results:
The distribution of mtDNA haplogroups, as well as 3 single polymorphisms, did not show any significant differences (P > 0.05) between patients and controls.

Conclusion:
This is the first of its kind of study from India that suggests no association of selected mitochondrial DNA variations with PD.
Predictors of Quality of Life at 3 Months after Treatment for Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Kulkarni Akshay V , Devi Bhagavatula Indira , Konar Subhas K , Shukla Dhaval 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) have a low quality of life (QOL) despite diagnostic and therapeutic advancements. Less than half of the survivors can return to their previous jobs and have difficulty in being a functional part of society. Our study aimed to understand the overall outcome and QOL of these patients and to identify the predictive factors determining the same.

Methods:
The clinical and radiological data were recorded at presentation, subsequent intervals at the hospital, and during discharge. Patients were interviewed telephonically or in the clinic subsequently at 3 months after treatment with following outcome assessment tools: Modified Rankin Scale (mRS), Barthel Index (BI), QOL after Brain Injury Overall Scale (QOLIBRI-OS), and Short Form 36 (SF 36) QOL scale.

Results:
Out of the total patients (n = 143), 124 patients survived, of which 106 patients could be interviewed. The mRS, QOLIBRI-OS, BI, and SF36 had a good correlation with each other. Only 4.7% had moderate to severe disability on the mRS scale, and 2.8% had severe disability according to the Barthel index. Nearly one-third of patients had deteriorated QOL. The mental health domain was worst affected. The major determinant of QOL was GCS at presentation (mean P value 0.01), a course in the ward (0.0001), GCS at discharge (0.001).

Conclusion:
Though fewer of the patients had a severe disability, a majority of them had deterioration in QOL.
Brivaracetam
Authors: Khilari Madhuri , Nair Pradeep P , Jha Brajesh Kumar 
Published: April 2021

Objectives:
Epilepsy is a common neurological ailment contributing to significant disability. About one-third of all epilepsy patients would be refractory to two or more medications. Brivaracetam (BRV) is one of the newer anti-seizure medications on which extensive data is available, but its efficacy as an early add-on agent (first/second adjuvant) is unclear. The principal objective of this review is to assess the efficacy of BRV as an early add-on agent in refractory Focal Onset Seizures (FOS) and its pharmacology and usage in various clinical situations associated with seizures.

Methods:
We searched two databases, Medline and Cochrane Central, for papers on BRV and FOS, and selected six studies with randomized parallel control design to extract the data for a meta-analysis. We also did a comprehensive review of the available literature on its pharmacology and usage in various clinical scenarios associated with seizures.

Results:
For the meta-analysis, we extracted 145 articles; six studies fulfilled the selection criteria that gave us data on 1938 patients who received Brivaracetam as an early add-on agent in FOS. The Risk Ratio (RR) (95% CI) for 50% responders across the trials was 1.88 (1.55–2.29). Similarly, the overall RR (95% CI) was 5.82 (2.15–15.70) for seizure freedom.

Conclusion:
Our analysis provides moderate evidence for Brivaracetam as an effective agent as an early adjuvant in FOS. Its efficacy for several other indications needs further clinical trials and evaluation.
Robot-guided Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt in Slit-like Ventricles
Authors: Doddamani Ramesh S , Meena Rajesh , Sawarkar Dattaraj , Singh Pankaj , Agrawal Deepak , Singh Manmohan , Chandra Poodipedi S 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) is the most common procedure used in the management of hydrocephalus regardless of the etiology. The standard free-hand technique is used for the placement of VPS in patients with enlarged ventricles. In patients with very small ventricles, CSF access through ventriculostomy becomes challenging and free-hand technique may be associated with high failure rates. In these situations, stereotactic-guided VPS becomes very useful.

Objective:
To validate and describe the technique of robotic-guided VPS in cases with very small ventricles.

Methods:
Three patients underwent VPS with robotic guidance between 2016 and 2019. One patient with a diagnosis of occipital meningocele, who later developed recalcitrant CSF leak from the operative site, and two other patients were diagnosed with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). Plain CT brain with 1-mm slice thickness acquired prior to the surgery was uploaded into the ROSA machine (Zimmer Biomet Warsaw, Indiana). The trajectory for the VPS is created on the robotic software presurgery. The patient is placed in the supine position with head turned to the side contralateral to VPS insertion and fixed with Mayfield clamp. Registration of the patient is done with the robot. The placement of the VPS is commenced with the robotic arm in the predetermined trajectory.

Results:
Ventricle was hit in a single attempt in all the cases. CSF leak stopped in the case with meningocele; headache, and visual acuity improved in both the cases of IIH.

Conclusion:
Robotic-guidance provides a safe and accurate method of VPS placement even in the presence of slit-like ventricles.
SPARC scoring model
Authors: Saluja Manoj , Pillai Drishya , Sharma Sidharth 
Published: April 2021

Background:
A big concern for physicians during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been its uncertain prognosis and sudden progression into critical illness. No objective measures have yet been in use to predict complications and plan a management accordingly.

Aims:
The objective of this study was to establish a predictive model of disease outcome to facilitate early and effective decision-making.

Materials and Methods:
A cluster of (COVID-19) patient data was assessed retrospectively to build a binary logistic regression-based model that predicts mortality based on clinical, laboratory and radiological parameters. The model performance was characterised based on the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.

Results:
During the study period, over 2000 patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, of whom 200 were admitted to the intensive care unit. Eleven patients were omitted as per the entry criteria. Five predictors (determined within 24 h of admission) were identified as independent risk factors for worse outcomes in COVID-19-infected patients: serum lactate dehydrogenase, PaO2/FiO2, age, respiratory rate and computed tomography severity. These were then used as a cluster and a nomogram- COVID-19, critical care, infectious disease, outcome prediction, SPARC score (SPARC) was made. Intended to be used at or within 24 h of admission, it is intended for better triage and management. Higher score correlates with a better prognosis. The performance of the overall score was 80% as assessed by ROC.

Conclusion:
The risk score SPARC, based on five factors, aids in the early prediction of disease outcome and hence facilitates triage, individualised and efficacious treatment and improved results.
The Effect of Peer Education on Management of Chemotherapy Side Effects in Patients with Cancer
Authors: Alilu Leyla , Heydarzadeh Leila , Habibzadeh Hossein , Rasouli Javad 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Chemotherapy drugs may have numerous side effects for patients. Thus, this study was conducted with the aim to determine the effect of peer education on the management of chemotherapy side effects in patients with cancer.

Materials and Methods:
This randomized, controlled trial was conducted on 80 patients with cancer in 2018. They were allocated to two groups of intervention and control. The self-care education on chemotherapy side effects was provided by the peers to the individuals in the intervention group. The data collection tools included a demographic characteristics form and the Self-Care Diary (SCD). Data analysis was performed using independent t-test and Chi-square test in SPSS software.

Results:
The results showed that the mean scores of the effectiveness of self-care behaviors were significantly higher in the intervention group compared to the control group after the intervention (p < 0.05).

Conclusions:
Peer education is recommended for cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.