bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal knowledge explains screen time differences 2 and 3.5 years post-intervention in INFANT
Authors: Delisle Nyström Christine , Abbott Gavin , Cameron Adrian J. , Campbell Karen J. , Löf Marie , Salmon Jo , Hesketh Kylie D. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractVery few early childhood interventions have observed sustained effects regarding television viewing and none have examined the mechanisms behind sustained intervention effects at long-term follow-ups. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate potential mechanisms relating to the maintained intervention effect on television viewing at two long-term follow-ups in the Melbourne Infant Feeding Activity and Nutrition Trial (INFANT). INFANT was a cluster-randomised controlled trial. At the 2- and 3.5-year follow-ups, a total of 262 infant/mother pairs had complete information. Television viewing was assessed via a questionnaire at both follow-ups and six potential mediators were measured post-intervention (i.e. 15 months after baseline). Causal mediation analysis was conducted. At the 2- and 3.5-year follow-ups, the positive impacts of INFANT on maternal television viewing knowledge were maintained (B = 0.34 units; 95% confidence interval (CI95): 0.21, 0.48). An indirect effect of the intervention on reducing children’s television viewing time was observed at the 2- and 3.5-year follow-ups (B = −11.73 min/day; CI95: −22.26, −3.28 and B = −4.78 min/day; CI95: −9.48, −0.99, respectively) via improved maternal television viewing knowledge.Conclusion: The positive impacts of INFANT on maternal television viewing knowledge were maintained at both follow-ups, with better maternal knowledge associated with less television viewing time in their children. These results have implications for paediatricians and healthcare professionals as educating new parents early on regarding screen time may lead to the development of healthier screen time habits that are sustained through to the pre-school years.What is Known:•Lifestyle behaviours inclusive of screen time have been found to be established before the pre-school years and track.•Few trials have evaluated the long-term mechanisms related to maintained intervention effectiveness.What is New:•This study shows the positive impacts of a low-dose intervention on maternal television viewing knowledge at two long-term follow-ups.•Better maternal television viewing knowledge was associated with less television viewing time in their children.
The planar two-body problem for spheroids and disks
Authors: Wold Margrethe , Conway John T. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe outline a new method suggested by Conway (CMDA 125:161–194, 2016) for solving the two-body problem for solid bodies of spheroidal or ellipsoidal shape. The method is based on integrating the gravitational potential of one body over the surface of the other body. When the gravitational potential can be analytically expressed (as for spheroids or ellipsoids), the gravitational force and mutual gravitational potential can be formulated as a surface integral instead of a volume integral and solved numerically. If the two bodies are infinitely thin disks, the surface integral has an analytical solution. The method is exact as the force and mutual potential appear in closed-form expressions, and does not involve series expansions with subsequent truncation errors. In order to test the method, we solve the equations of motion in an inertial frame and run simulations with two spheroids and two infinitely thin disks, restricted to torque-free planar motion. The resulting trajectories display precession patterns typical for non-Keplerian potentials. We follow the conservation of energy and orbital angular momentum and also investigate how the spheroid model approaches the two cases where the surface integral can be solved analytically, i.e., for point masses and infinitely thin disks.
Mechanochemical and thermal succinylation of softwood sawdust in presence of deep eutectic solvent to produce lignin-containing wood nanofibers
Authors: Sirviö Juho Antti , Isokoski Erkki , Kantola Anu M. , Komulainen Sanna , Ämmälä Ari 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this study, the effect of the deep eutectic solvent (DES) based on triethylmethylammonium chloride and imidazole on the mechanochemical succinylation of sawdust was investigated. The sawdust was ball milled in the presence of succinic anhydride and the effects of different amounts of the DES on the carboxylic acid content and particle size were studied with and without post-heating. The carboxylic acid content significantly increased with the addition of the DES and by using 1.5 mass excess of the DES compared to sawdust; milled sawdust with 3.5 mmol/g of carboxylic acid groups was obtained using 60 min post-heating at 100 °C. The particle size was found to depend strongly on DES-to-wood ratio and a change in size-reduction characteristics was observed related to fiber saturation point. After mechanochemical milling, three succinylated sawdust samples with different carboxylic acid contents were disintegrated into wood nanofibers and self-standing films were produced. Although the mechanical properties of the films were lower than the cellulose nanofibers, they were higher or in line with oil- and biobased polymers such as polypropene and polylactic acid, respectively. Because of their amphiphilic nature, wood nanofibers were found to be effective stabilizers of water–oil emulsions.
Adoption Gaps of Environmental Adaptation Technologies with Public Effects
Authors: Antoci Angelo , Borghesi Simone , Galdi Giulio , Vergalli Sergio 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAs the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2018) testifies, the world is a long way from halting climate change, let alone reverting it. The existence of adaptation and mitigation technologies did not prove sufficient, their adoption being respectively faulted or hindered by the presence of externalities. In this work, we study how externalities, whether positive or negative, lead the system away from Pareto-dominant (social optimum) states, towards Pareto-dominated ones. We show that adoption gaps, i.e. differences between socially optimum vs current adoption shares, of both (mal)adaptation and mitigation technologies are caused by the externalities emitted. In particular, over-adoption may occur for maladaptive technologies, whereas under-adoption may occur in case of mitigation. We employ a model with two regions at different stages of development and also derive relevant considerations on possible counterproductive effects of green policies and environmental dumping.
Are we all in this together?: mathematics teachers’ perspectives on equity in remote instruction during pandemic
Authors: Yılmaz Zuhal , Gülbağcı Dede Hande , Sears Ruthmae , Yıldız Nielsen Selin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented situation that influenced all aspects of society, including education. Millions of students found themselves adjusting to a new medium of mathematics instruction, not to mention the teachers who had to provide instruction through remote sources. Considering students’ diverse social, economic, and academic background, this study sought to examine teachers’ perspectives on factors that support or hinder how equity is attended to in mathematics during remote instruction and the extent it differed from practices utilized when instruction was provided in a face-to-face setting. We also sought to document teachers’ perspectives on how they attended to equity in mathematics to support students with language barriers. We interviewed nine teachers to explore their perspectives of factors that support or hinder equity in mathematics teaching and learning during remote instruction compared to face-to-face instruction and how they support the diverse needs (inclusive of language barriers) of students. There were salient factors in this study that supported or hindered equitable mathematics instruction, such as teachers’ beliefs, expectations for students, access to resources, students’ socioeconomic status, and language barriers. Hence, it is recommended that policymakers, school administrators, and teachers need to collaborate to systematically plan to ensure that all students have access to quality mathematics.
Dense Short Solution Segments from Monotonic Delayed Arguments
Authors: Walther Hans-Otto 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe construct a delay functional d on an open subset of the space $$C^1_r=C^1([-r,0],\mathbb {R})$$

C
r
1

=

C
1

(

[
-
r
,
0
]

,
R
)

and find $$h\in (0,r)$$

h
∈
(
0
,
r
)

so that the equation $$\begin{aligned} x'(t)=-x(t-d(x_t)) \end{aligned}$$

x
′

(
t
)

=
-
x

(
t
-
d

(

x
t

)

)

defines a continuous semiflow of continuously differentiable solution operators on the solution manifold $$\begin{aligned} X=\{\phi \in C^1_r:\phi '(0)=-\phi (-d(\phi ))\}, \end{aligned}$$

X
=
{
ϕ
∈

C
r
1

:

ϕ
′

(
0
)

=
-
ϕ

(
-
d

(
ϕ
)

)

}
,

and along each solution the delayed argument $$t-d(x_t)$$

t
-
d
(

x
t

)

is strictly increasing, and there exists a solution whose short segments$$\begin{aligned} x_{t,short}=x(t+\cdot )\in C^2_h,\quad t\ge 0, \end{aligned}$$

x

t
,
s
h
o
r
t

=
x

(
t
+
·
)

∈

C
h
2

,

t
≥
0
,

are dense in an infinite-dimensional subset of the space $$C^2_h$$

C
h
2

. The result supplements earlier work on complicated motion caused by state-dependent delay with oscillatory delayed arguments.
Efficiency comparison of various friction models of a hydraulic cylinder in the framework of multibody system dynamics
Authors: Jaiswal Suraj , Sopanen Jussi , Mikkola Aki 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDynamic simulation of mechanical systems can be performed using a multibody system dynamics approach. The approach allows to account systems of other physical nature, such as hydraulic actuators. In such systems, the nonlinearity and numerical stiffness introduced by the friction model of the hydraulic cylinders can be an important aspect to consider in the modeling because it can lead to poor computational efficiency. This paper couples various friction models of a hydraulic cylinder with the equations of motion of a hydraulically actuated multibody system in a monolithic framework. To this end, two static friction models, the Bengisu–Akay model and Brown–McPhee model, and two dynamic friction models, the LuGre model and modified LuGre model, are considered in this work. A hydraulically actuated four-bar mechanism is exemplified as a case study. The four modeling approaches are compared based on the work cycle, friction force, energy balance, and numerical efficiency. It is concluded that the Brown–McPhee approach is numerically the most efficient approach and it is well able to describe usual friction characteristics in dynamic simulation of hydraulically actuated multibody systems.
Person and Disability: Legal Fiction and Living Independently
Authors: Heritier Paolo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWithout extending the historical analysis, this article analyzes the relationship between the legal concept of person with regard to the notion of living independently. The concept is normatively established in Article 19 of the CRPD and is presented as a legal fiction. The legal technique of fictio iuris is the premise for analyzing contemporary problems, for example, the attribution of responsibilities to non-human personalities, such as robots. The article, however, develops the problem of attributing rights to persons with disabilities. The contraposition of robots and disabled people, understood as opposing visions of anthropological and human models, is part of the philosophical dispute between humanism and post- or transhumanism. The conception of man appears different if created in the image and likeness of God, or as the fruit of evolution from primates, or as a transhumanist entity that can be replaced by the robot. The latter vision is rooted in the mechanization of the mind triggered by cybernetics and cognitive sciences and referable to problems of justice theory and political philosophy concerning the inclusion in society of disabled people. In this article I will limit myself to analyzing, against the background of this complex problem, the link between person, legal fiction and the right to disability starting from the criticism addressed by Nussbaum to Rawls based on the convention and following the methodology developed by Marchisio and Curto in order to clarify the legal connection between thirdness, disability, and person.However, I go one step further by including the issue of disability as justice within the evolution of the notion of the legal person, through the inclusion of fictio iuris and rhetorical methodology in positive law, as a criterion for the interpretation of art. 19 CRPD.
Hydromorphological and socio-cultural assessment of urban rivers to promote nature-based solutions in Jarabacoa, Dominican Republic
Authors: Pradilla Gonzalo , Lamberty Georg , Hamhaber Johannes 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn Latin America and the Caribbean, river restoration projects are increasing, but many lack strategic planning and monitoring. We tested the applicability of a rapid visual social–ecological stream assessment method for restoration planning, complemented by a citizen survey on perceptions and uses of blue and green infrastructure. We applied the method at three urban streams in Jarabacoa (Dominican Republic) to identify and prioritize preferred areas for nature-based solutions. The method provides spatially explicit information for strategic river restoration planning, and its efficiency makes it suitable for use in data-poor contexts. It identifies well-preserved, moderately altered, and critically impaired areas regarding their hydromorphological and socio-cultural conditions, as well as demands on green and blue infrastructure. The transferability of the method can be improved by defining reference states for assessing the hydromorphology of tropical rivers, refining socio-cultural parameters to better address river services and widespread urban challenges, and balancing trade-offs between ecological and social restoration goals.
Six shades lighter: a bit-serial implementation of the AES family
Authors: Roldán Lombardía Sergio , Balli Fatih , Banik Subhadeep 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRecently, cryptographic literature has seen new block cipher designs such as , or that aim to be more lightweight than the current standard, i.e., . Even though family of block ciphers were designed two decades ago, they still remain as the de facto encryption standard, with being the most widely deployed variant. In this work, we revisit the combined one-in-all implementation of the family, namely both encryption and decryption of each as a single ASIC circuit. A preliminary version appeared in Africacrypt 2019 by Balli and Banik, where the authors design a byte-serial circuit with such functionality. We improve on their work by reducing the size of the compact circuit to 2268 GE through 1-bit-serial implementation, which achieves 38% reduction in area. We also report stand-alone bit-serial versions of the circuit, targeting only a subset of modes and versions, e.g., and . Our results imply that, in terms of area, and can easily compete with the larger members of recently designed family, e.g., , . Thus, our implementations can be used interchangeably inside authenticated encryption candidates such as , or in place of .
Towards a classification of rigid product quotient varieties of Kodaira dimension 0
Authors: Bauer Ingrid , Gleissner Christian 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this paper the authors study quotients of the product of elliptic curves by a rigid diagonal action of a finite group G. It is shown that only for $$G = {{\,\mathrm{He}\,}}(3), {\mathbb {Z}}_3^2$$

G
=

He

(
3
)

,

Z
3
2

, and only for dimension $$\ge 4$$

≥
4

such an action can be free. A complete classification of the singular quotients in dimension 3 and the smooth quotients in dimension 4 is given. For the other finite groups a strong structure theorem for rigid quotients is proven.
Optimization of energy consumption and its effect on the energy use efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions of wheat production in Turkey
Authors: Imran Muhammad , Ozcatalbas Orhan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to model energy use, energy efficiency, and greenhouse gas emissions in rain-fed wheat production by using a nonparametric data envelopment analysis (DEA) method. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews with 140 wheat farmers in 4 districts of Antalya Province. The energy inputs (independent variables) were human labor, seeds, chemical fertilizers, herbicides, and diesel fuel, and the energy output was the dependent variable. The results showed that the average energy consumption and the output energy for the studied wheat production system were 21. 07GJ ha−1 and 50. 99 GJ ha−1, respectively, and the total GHG emissions were calculated to be 592.12 kg CO2eq ha−1. Chemical fertilizer has the highest share of energy consumption and total GHG emissions. Based on the results from DEA, the technical efficiency of the farmers was found to be 0.81, while pure technical and scale efficiencies were 0.65 and 0.76, respectively. The results also highlighted that there is a potential opportunity to save approximately 14% (2.93 GJ ha−1) of the total energy consumption and consequently a 17% reduction in GHG emissions by following the optimal amounts of energy consumption while keeping the wheat yield constant. Efficient use of energy and reduction in GHG emissions will lead to resource efficiency and sustainable production, which is the main aim of the green economy.
Only one in four lactating mothers met the minimum dietary diversity score in the pastoral community, Afar region, Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Mulaw Getahun Fentaw , Feleke Fentaw Wassie , Mare Kusse Urmale 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Maternal dietary feeding practice is one of the proxy indicators of maternal nutrient adequacy and it improves outcomes for both mothers and their offspring. The minimum maternal dietary diversity score of lactating women is defined as when the mother ate at least four and above food groups from the nine food groups 24 h preceding the survey regardless of the portion size. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the minimum dietary diversity score (MDDS) and its predictors among lactating mothers in the Pastoralist community, Ethiopia. A community-based cross-sectional study design was employed on 360 lactating mothers using a multi-stage sampling technique from 5 January 2020 to 10 February 2020. Data were collected using questionnaires and anthropometry measurements. Data were entered using EPI-data 4.6.02 and exported into SPSS version 25. Statistical significance was declared at P-value <0⋅05 at multivariable logistic regression. Only one in four lactating mothers met the MDDS. The majority of them consumed cereals in the preceding 24 h of data collection. The most important predictors were maternal meal frequency (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 6⋅26; 95 % confidence interval (CI) (3⋅51, 11⋅15)), antenatal care (ANC) follow-up one to three times and four and above times (AOR: 2⋅58; 95 % CI (1⋅24, 5⋅36), 4⋅77 (1⋅90, 11⋅95), respectively) and secondary paternal education (AOR 2⋅97; 95 % CI (1⋅44, 6⋅11)). The MDDS among lactating mothers was low. Paternal education, maternal meal frequency and ANC follow-up were the significant predictors. Therefore, to improve maternal dietary diversity score emphasis should be given to those predictors.
Doctors, families and the industry in the clinic: the management of ‘intersex’ children in Swiss paediatric medicine (1945–1970)
Authors: Janett Mirjam , Althaus Andrea , Hulverscheidt Marion , Gobet Rita , Streuli Jürg , Condrau Flurin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis manuscript investigates clinical decisions and the management of ‘intersex’ children at the University Children’s Hospital Zurich between 1945 and 1970. This was an era of rapid change in paediatric medicine, something that was mirrored in Zurich. Andrea Prader, the principal figure in this paper, started his career during the late 1940s and was instrumental in moving the hospital towards focusing more on expertise in chronic diseases. Starting in 1950, he helped the Zurich hospital to become the premier centre for the treatment of so-called ‘intersex’ children. It is this treatment, and, in particular, the clinical decision-making that is the centre of our article. This field of medicine was itself not stable. Rapid development of diagnostic tools led to the emergence of new diagnostic categories, the availability of new drugs changed the management of the children’s bodies and an increased number of medical experts became involved in decision-making, a particular focus lay with the role of the children themselves and of course with their families. How involved were children or their families in an era widely known as the golden age of medicine?
Colonial Rupture and Native Continuity in Indigenous Cultural Representations: Through Hawaiian Ancient Dance Kahiko
Authors: Misaki Mai 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article discusses the role of colonial oppression in creating conflicting perspectives in the reproduction of dance as Indigenous cultural heritage. The debate on kahiko, the ancient Hawaiian dance, of which practice was severely controlled and then revived through the cultural renaissance, demonstrates that the radical deprivation of the practice has created multiple understandings of the dance among different practitioners. Of primary importance in these respects is the intergenerational divide within the dance community, manifest in the critical perspective of the post-renaissance variant of kahiko, which highlights the “continuity” of the practice through the colonial rupture.
From State-Building to European Integration: The Role of the Railway Network in the Territorial Integration of Europe, 1850–2020
Authors: Martí-Henneberg Jordi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis collection of articles combines a set of works that study the contribution of transport infrastructure to the process of state building in different countries in Western and Central Europe. The focus and the themes treated vary, but have two common denominators: firstly, they are based on either completely original, or previously little-used, primary sources; and secondly, each work reveals new ways of interpreting how transport networks have shaped the territories into which they were introduced. Each article is an example of the wealth of potential approaches available and also helps us to interpret the processes involved in state building, which are a necessary precedent to European Integration (EI). To put the seven works that make up this special issue into context, I shall start this introduction by examining three aspects that complement them. I shall firstly clarify what we mean by EI. Secondly, I shall examine whether EI processes existed prior to the creation of the institutions that were set up after World War II to promote integration. Then, thirdly, and finally, based on the previous analyses, I shall look at the emergence of a railway network in Europe and the role that the European states played in this process. The fourth section will present the articles.