bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on Distributed Power Quality Monitoring System of Large Centralized Charging Station
Authors: Liu Zhikai , Zhang Yang , Zheng Wenyue , Li Haihong , Wu Gang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The power quality problems of large-scale centralized charging stations are prominent, affecting the operation of the station equipment and the power grid, and a simple and efficient distributed power quality monitoring system is required. Based on the analysis of large-scale centralized charging stations for distributed power quality monitoring system requirements, this paper studies the overall structure of the distributed monitoring system, and analyzes the functional requirements of each part of the monitoring system, and gives the voltage/current power quality Monitoring terminal functions and key device design; by comparing and analyzing the characteristics of various communication technologies, an optimal solution for the communication of the distributed monitoring system in the charging station is given. The proposed system provides a basis for real-time monitoring of multiple monitoring terminals in large-scale centralized charging stations, analysis and timely release of relevant power quality assessment information, and in-depth study of the power quality of various charging piles in the charging station and their mutual influence. At the same time, the formed “point-line-surface” charging station monitoring system can provide a data basis for smart operation and maintenance of charging stations.
Simulation and Experiment Research on Dynamic Stress of 21kV Equivalent Prototype of 500kV Current Limiter High Coupled Split Reactor
Authors: Chu Bo , Liu Zhanpeng , Tang Qiang , Wang Peiren , Yu Wenbo , Jia Shenli , Xiu Shixin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The dynamic stress simulation and experiment of the 21kV equivalent prototype of the 500kV current limiter high coupled split reactor are researched in this paper. A calculation model of dynamic stress of 21kV equivalent prototype of 500kV current limiter high coupled split reactor is established by using finite element simulation software, and the dynamic stress distribution is analysed with the calculation results. Then the dynamic stability experiments of the single arm of the prototype and analysis of the experiment and simulation results are introduced. The results of simulation and experiment prove that both of the dynamic stability of the 21kV equivalent prototype and the 500kV current limiter high coupled split reactor meet the design requirement.
The Influence to Uniform Current Distribution of SiC MOSFET Modules Based on the 3rd Quadrant Characteristics
Authors: Lu Wenhao , Wan Caiping , Zhang Xizi , Du Yujie , Ge Niannian , Xu Hengyu , Ye Tianchun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper concentrated on the 3rd quadrant characteristics of 1200V/300A full SiC MOSFET modules produced by four SiC mainstream manufacturers; and compared the diode forward voltage (VSD) performances of “SiC MOSFET only” and SiC MOSFETs modules with SiC Schottky barrier parallel diode. The characteristics of the diode forward voltage showed that module A exhibits the same trend with the PiN diode, whereas modules B, C and D exhibit the characteristics of SBD. Through the failure analysis, it was verified that there is no parallel SBD in module A, meanwhile, it was assumed that modules B, C and D integrate a positive temperature characteristic SBD by wire bonding. The existence of SBD can prevent the modules from burning out due to excessive heating caused by non-uniform current distribution. From the analysis, it illustrated that the body diode can be used as the parallel SiC SBD, but further research on the uniform current distribution of the the body diode is needed.
Study on waste heat measurement and composition change of Pd conductor after laser stimulation in H2 gas-loading system
Authors: Shen Bingjun , Yang Huiru , Wang Xingye , Jin Lihong , Tian Jian 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study mainly involves that palladium hydride with different gas-loading ratio is stimulated by YAG frequency doubling laser (λ=532nm) in H/Pd gas-loading system to produce excess heat. The range of hydrogen loading ratio of palladium hydride is 0 to 0.8. The results show that the waste heat is produced in the experiment stimulated by laser. When the hydrogen loading ratio in Pd is 0.3±0.01, the maximum waste heat produced by the system within 1 hour is about 120.91±0.47 J. Some new elements are produced on the surface of Pd samples, including Si, Al, Ca and some others, these elements were found in local locations by scanning electron microscopy and energy spectrum analysis. This suggests that some reactions may have taken place in the experiment.
De-oiling Test of New Type Cyclone for Treatment of Wastewater Containing Polymer
Authors: Wang Qiang , Li Guisheng , Li Deqiang , Li Gang , Zhang Jun , Zhong Xingfu 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
When the polymer concentration in the produced fluid increases, the viscosity of the sewage will increase, the overall flow velocity of the fluid in the cyclone will decrease, the kinetic energy will decrease, the wall friction resistance will increase, and the tangential velocity will decrease overall. The performance of the cyclone is degraded. The structure and parameters need to be adjusted and optimized. By optimizing the design of the structure and parameters of the inlet fluid channel, the oil-receiving port, etc., a new type of oil-water cyclone is designed. Numerical experiments show that the new type of oil-water cyclone is effective for the separation of low oil content of polymer-containing sewage. Through indoor experiments and on-site pilot scale-up, 5# cyclone was modified with a new type of oil-water cyclone in the West II Joint Processing Station. The field test and production daily report data show that the improved 5# cyclone is effective. The polymer-containing sewage treatment can obtain stable results. The oil content of the effluent is better than the original cyclone indicator. When the oil content of the polymer-containing sewage at the inlet is 100-300mg/l, the average oil content of the outlet is less than 100mg/l, Meets the design requirements, indicating that the improved cyclone structure and parameters are suitable for the treatment of polymer-containing sewage, and the newly designed cyclone is effective for the treatment of polymer-containing wastewater.
Forecasting on China’s Water Demand by Industry in 2021
Authors: Liu Xiuli , Qin Minghui , Xiang Xin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Forecasting of demand for water in advance is critical for water supply planning. The paper made water consumption analysis by industry in China. With multiple regression analysis, time series analysis and expert experience methods, the water demand by industry in China in 2021 was forecasted. The results show that the total demand of water in China in 2020 will be about 598.06 billion cubic meters, slightly less than that in 2020. Among them, the agricultural water demand would account for about 61.1%, the industrial water demand account for about 19.6%. For the domestic and the environmental water demand, the proportion would be 15.1% and 4.2% respectively.
Numerical design of a high efficiency and ultra-broadband terahertz cross-polarization converter
Authors: Cao Thanh Nghia , Nguyen Minh Tam , Hieu Nguyen Ngoc , Truong Chi Lam , Nguyen Thi Quynh Hoa 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A simple design of terahertz polarization converter has attracted great attention owing to the applicability of terahertz technology in broad fields such as imaging, non-destructive sensing, and communications, but remains a key challenge to simultaneously achieve both wide bandwidth and high conversion efficiency. Here we report a single-layer metasurface-based polarization converter formed by a combination of different resonator shapes that realizes cross-polarization conversion and achieves an ultra-broadband and high conversion efficiency with a wide oblique incidence in the terahertz region from 1.35 THz to 3.55 THz. The high performance and physical mechanism attributed to both electric and magnetic resonances of this proposed structure are guaranteed and analyzed by numerical study. Our design structure provides the frequency tunability to other frequency bands and possesses promising applications in terahertz polarization-control devices.
How many hot days and heavy precipitation days will grandchildren experience that break the records set in their grandparents’ lives?
Authors: Shiogama Hideo , Fujimori Shinichiro , Hasegawa Tomoko , Takahashi Kiyoshi , Kameyama Yasuko , Emori Seita 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
One of the major barriers to climate communication is that climate change is often presented to the public in such a way that impacts seem distant in time. To improve how climate change resonates with people, we propose a simple indicator: how many extreme events (hot days and heavy precipitation days) are grandchildren projected to experience that their grandparents will not experience in their lives? We analyse the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 ensemble. During grandchildren’s lifetime (2020–2100) under the shared socioeconomic pathway 5–8.5 (SSP5-8.5), in some tropical regions, they are projected to experience >1000 hot days and >5 heavy precipitation days breaking records set in their grandparents’ lifetime until 2040. These numbers of unprecedented hot days and heavy precipitation days under SSP5-8.5 are greater in countries with lower CO2 emissions and income per capita than in countries with higher CO2 emissions and income per capita. We show that not only the numbers of unprecedented hot days and heavy precipitation days but also their unevenness across countries can be significantly lowered in the SSP1-2.6 scenario, which is consistent with the 2 °C goal of the Paris Agreement. This new approach would help adults easily understand how their climate change mitigation efforts could decrease the unprecedented extreme events during youths’ lifetime and reduce the intergenerational and intragenerational inequalities regarding extreme events.
Investigation of manufacturing defects in 3D-printed CFRP using laser ultrasonic testing and x-ray micro-computed tomography
Authors: Cho Sang-Yeon , Lee Jung-Ryul 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
3D-printed carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) composites have attracted significant attention due to their design flexibility and low manufacturing cost. However, 3D-printed CFRP contains inherent defects that occur during the manufacturing process. As the manufacturing defects are likely to degrade the mechanical performance of the 3D-printed CFRP, these defects require extensive investigation. Typically, x-ray micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) is used to detect manufacturing defects, but as micro-CT cannot be applied to large structures, the laser ultrasonic testing (LUT) method has been proposed. In this study, two specimens with different stacking sequences were manufactured using a continuous fiber 3D printer. The two specimens were then inspected using LUT and micro-CT. The manufacturing defects were successfully visualized using LUT, and similar defects were detected in the micro-CT inspection results. The size, location, and shape of the detected defects were evaluated by comparing the LUT and micro-CT inspection results. Consequently, the LUT method showed a performance comparable to that of micro-CT for detecting the manufacturing defects of 3D-printed CFRP. Since the LUT is capable of inspecting large scale 3D-printed composites, it will be absolutely advantageous in real world applications.
A New Test of Irony and Indirect Requests Comprehension—The IRRI Test: Validation and Normative Data in French-Speaking Adults
Authors: Cordonier Natacha , Champagne-Lavau Maud , Fossard Marion 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objective
Nonliteral language comprehension disorders in individuals with acquired brain injuries (ABI) are frequently reported in the literature but rarely assessed in clinical settings. A major reason is the lack of tools available to clinicians. Therefore, the present study aimed to further promote the pragmatic assessment routine by creating a new nonliteral language comprehension tool for ABI individuals: the IRRI test. This tool is intended to be standardized and capable of directing clinicians to cognitive deficits underlying a poor understanding of nonliteral language—context processing, executive functions, and theory of mind.

Method
Three studies were conducted. The first study aimed at constructing the two IRRI test tasks: the irony and indirect requests comprehension tasks. These tasks integrate the cognitive processes within them. The second study aimed at analyzing the tasks’ psychometric qualities in a sample of 33 ABI participants and 33 healthy participants (HC). Preliminary normative data obtained from 102 healthy French-speaking subjects were collected in the third study.

Results
Significant differences in the IRRI test’s performances were observed between the ABI and HC individuals. The indirect requests task demonstrated robust convergent validity and good sensibility to discriminate altered participants among ABI participants. Both IRRI test’s tasks also showed excellent test–retest and inter-rater reliability. The preliminary norms were stratified according to the conditions of interest in relation to the cognitive mechanisms underlying the understanding of nonliteral language.

Conclusions
The IRRI test is a promising new standardized test of nonliteral language comprehension, which contributes to identifying cognitive-pragmatic profiles to guide therapy.
Context-dependent group size: effects of population density, habitat, and season
Authors: Webber Quinn M R , Vander Wal Eric 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGroup size can vary in relation to population density, habitat, and season. Habitat and season may also interact with population density and affect group size through varying foraging benefits of social aggregation in different ecological contexts. We tested the hypothesis that group size varies across ecological contexts, including population density, habitat type, and season, for woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus) in ten herds over 25 years in Newfoundland, Canada. We predicted that group size would increase as a function of population density. Based on the foraging benefits of social aggregation, we predicted larger groups as habitat openness increased because open areas tend to have higher quality foraging resources. We predicted larger groups during winter when foraging resources are covered in snow because caribou and other social animals exploit social information about the location of foraging resources. In contrast to our prediction, group size decreased as a function of population density. In support of our prediction, group size was larger in winter than calving and summer, and we found that group size increased with habitat openness in some, but not all, cases. Patterns of animal grouping are context-dependent and the additive effect of different ecological contexts on variation in group size informs our understanding of the implicit trade-offs between competition, predation risk, and profitability of forage.
Resting-State Network Alterations Differ between Alzheimer’s Disease Atrophy Subtypes
Authors: Rauchmann Boris-Stephan , Ersoezlue Ersin , Stoecklein Sophia , Keeser Daniel , Brosseron Frederic , Buerger Katharina , Dechent Peter , Dobisch Laura , Ertl-Wagner Birgit , Fliessbach Klaus , Haynes John Dylan , Heneka Michael T , Incesoy Enise I , Janowitz Daniel , Kilimann Ingo , Laske Christoph , Metzger Coraline D , Munk Matthias H , Peters Oliver , Priller Josef , Ramirez Alfredo , Roeske Sandra , Roy Nina , Scheffler Klaus , Schneider Anja , Spottke Annika , Spruth Eike Jakob , Teipel Stefan , Tscheuschler Maike , Vukovich Ruth , Wagner Michael , Wiltfang Jens , Yakupov Renat , Duezel Emrah , Jessen Frank , Perneczky Robert ,   for the DELCODE study group and the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI)
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Several Alzheimer’s disease (AD) atrophy subtypes were identified, but their brain network properties are unclear. We analyzed data from two independent datasets, including 166 participants (103 AD/63 controls) from the DZNE-longitudinal cognitive impairment and dementia study and 151 participants (121 AD/30 controls) from the AD neuroimaging initiative cohorts, aiming to identify differences between AD atrophy subtypes in resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging intra-network connectivity (INC) and global and nodal network properties. Using a data-driven clustering approach, we identified four AD atrophy subtypes with differences in functional connectivity, accompanied by clinical and biomarker alterations, including a medio-temporal-predominant (S-MT), a limbic-predominant (S-L), a diffuse (S-D), and a mild-atrophy (S-MA) subtype. S-MT and S-D showed INC reduction in the default mode, dorsal attention, visual and limbic network, and a pronounced reduction of “global efficiency” and decrease of the “clustering coefficient” in parietal and temporal lobes. Despite severe atrophy in limbic areas, the S-L exhibited only marginal global network but substantial nodal network failure. S-MA, in contrast, showed limited impairment in clinical and cognitive scores but pronounced global network failure. Our results contribute toward a better understanding of heterogeneity in AD with the detection of distinct differences in functional connectivity networks accompanied by CSF biomarker and cognitive differences in AD subtypes.
White and Gray Matter Abnormalities in Australian Footballers With a History of Sports-Related Concussion: An MRI Study
Authors: Major Brendan , Symons Georgia F , Sinclair Ben , O’Brien William T , Costello Daniel , Wright David K , Clough Meaghan , Mutimer Steven , Sun Mujun , Yamakawa Glenn R , Brady Rhys D , O’Sullivan Michael J , Mychasiuk Richelle , McDonald Stuart J , O’Brien Terence J , Law Meng , Kolbe Scott , Shultz Sandy R 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Sports-related concussion (SRC) is a form of mild traumatic brain injury that has been linked to long-term neurological abnormalities. Australian rules football is a collision sport with wide national participation and is growing in popularity worldwide. However, the chronic neurological consequences of SRC in Australian footballers remain poorly understood. This study investigated the presence of brain abnormalities in Australian footballers with a history of sports-related concussion (HoC) using multimodal MRI. Male Australian footballers with HoC (n = 26), as well as noncollision sport athletes with no HoC (n = 27), were recruited to the study. None of the footballers had sustained a concussion in the preceding 6 months, and all players were asymptomatic. Data were acquired using a 3T MRI scanner. White matter integrity was assessed using diffusion tensor imaging. Cortical thickness, subcortical volumes, and cavum septum pellucidum (CSP) were analyzed using structural MRI. Australian footballers had evidence of widespread microstructural white matter damage and cortical thinning. No significant differences were found regarding subcortical volumes or CSP. These novel findings provide evidence of persisting white and gray matter abnormalities in Australian footballers with HoC, and raise concerns related to the long-term neurological health of these athletes.
Sensitivity, Specificity, and Safety of a Novel ESAT6-CFP10 Skin Test for Tuberculosis Infection in China: 2 Randomized, Self-Controlled, Parallel-Group Phase 2b Trials
Authors: Xu Miao , Lu Wei , Li Tao , Li Jingxin , Du Weixin , Wu Qi , Liu Qiao , Yuan Baodong , Lu Jinbiao , Ding Xiaoyan , Li Feng , Liu Min , Chen Baowen , Pu Jiang , Zhang Rongping , Xi Xiuhong , Zhou Rongguang , Mei Zaoxian , Du Ronghui , Tao Lifeng , Martinez Leonardo , Lu Shuihua , Wang Guozhi , Zhu Fengcai 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Diagnostics to identify tuberculosis infection are limited. We aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy and safety of ESAT6-CFP10 (EC) skin test for tuberculosis infection in Chinese adults.

Methods
We conducted 2 randomized, parallel-group clinical trials in healthy participants and tuberculosis patients. All participants were tested with the T-SPOT.TB test, then received an EC skin test and tuberculin skin test (TST). The diameter of skin indurations and/or redness at injection sites were measured at different time periods. A bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) model was established to assess the diagnosis of tuberculosis infection using an EC skin test.

Results
In total, 777 healthy participants and 96 tuberculosis patients were allocated to receive EC skin test at 1.0 μg/0.1 mL or 0.5 μg/0.1 mL. The area under the curve was 0.95 (95% confidence interval [CI], .91–.97) for the EC skin test at 1.0 μg/0.1 mL at 24–72 hours. Compared with the T-SPOT.TB test, the EC skin test demonstrated similar sensitivity (87.5, 95% CI, 77.8–97.2 vs 86.5, 95% CI, 79.5–93.4) and specificity (98.9, 95% CI, 96.0–99.9 vs 96.1, 95% CI, 93.5–97.8). Among BCG vaccinated participants, the EC skin test had high consistency with the T-SPOT.TB test (96.3, 95% CI, 92.0–100.0). No serious adverse events related to the EC skin test were observed.

Conclusions
The EC skin test demonstrated both high specificity and sensitivity at a dose of 1.0 μg/0.1 mL, comparable to the T-SPOT.TB test. The diagnostic accuracy of the EC skin test was not impacted by BCG vaccination.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT02389322 and NCT02336542.
Pneumococcal Meningitis in Adults: A Prospective Nationwide Cohort Study Over a 20-year Period
Authors: Koelman Diederik L H , Brouwer Matthijs C , ter Horst Liora , Bijlsma Merijn W , van der Ende Arie , van de Beek Diederik 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
The epidemiology and treatment of pneumococcal meningitis has changed with the implementation of conjugate vaccines and the introduction of adjunctive dexamethasone therapy.

Methods
We analyzed episodes of community-acquired pneumococcal meningitis in adults (≥16 years) in the Netherlands, identified by the National Reference Laboratory for Bacterial Meningitis or treating physician between October 1, 1998, and April 1, 2002, and between January 1, 2006, and July 1, 2018. We studied incidence, pneumococcal serotypes, and clinical features. Predictors for unfavorable outcome (Glasgow Outcome Scale score 1–4) were identified in a multivariable logistic regression model. Two physicians independently categorized causes of death as neurological or systemic.

Results
There were 1816 episodes in 1783 patients. The incidence of 7- and 10−7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine serotypes decreased (from 0.42 to 0.06, P = .001; from 0.12 to 0.03 episodes per 100 000 population per year, P = .014). Incidence of nonvaccine serotypes increased (from 0.45 to 0.68, P = .005). The use of adjunctive treatment with dexamethasone increased and was administered in 85% of patients in 2018. In-hospital death occurred in 363 episodes (20%) and unfavorable outcome in 772 episodes (43%). Delayed cerebral thrombosis occurred in 29 patients (2%), of whom 15 patients (52%) died. Adjunctive dexamethasone therapy was associated with favorable outcome (adjusted odds ratio 2.27, P &lt; .001), individual pneumococcal serotypes were not.

Conclusion
Implementation of conjugate vaccines and adjunctive dexamethasone therapy have changed the incidence and outcome of pneumococcal meningitis in adults over the last two decades. Despite recent advances pneumococcal meningitis remains associated with a residual high rate of mortality and morbidity.