bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnesium levels in relation to the rate of preterm birth: Data from ecological, observational and intervention studies
Authors: Zhang Yijia , Xun Pengcheng , Lu Liping , Shechter Michael , Rosanoff Andrea , He Ka 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveExperimental studies suggest that magnesium intake may affect the gestation length due to its ability of maintaining uterine stability. However, little is known about the association between magnesium levels/supplementation and the rate of preterm birth.Research Design and MethodsIn addition to ecological data linking soil magnesium content to the geographic variation of preterm birth rate in the US, the relevant epidemiological and clinical studies published until November 2018 in peer‐reviewed journals were retrieved from PubMed, Google Scholar and the related reference lists. The identified studies were assessed systematically and the overall relative risk (RR) and corresponding confidence intervals (CIs) for risk of preterm birth based on magnesium supplementation were estimated by random‐effects models.ResultsThe ecological study revealed an inverse correlation between magnesium content in soil and the rates of preterm birth across the US (r=−0.68, P<0.001). Of the six eligible randomized controlled trials, including 3,333 pregnant women aged 20 to 35 years old with 386 preterm infants, the pooled RR (95% CI) were 0.58 (95% CI: 0.35, 0.96) for those in the magnesium supplementation group as compared with the mothers in the control group. Consistently, findings from 11 observational studies generally support an inverse association between serum magnesium levels and the rate of preterm birth, though the data were not able to be quantitatively combined with meta‐analysis.ConclusionsAccumulated evidence from ecological, observational, and intervention studies consistently supports that magnesium may be beneficial in reduction of preterm birth rate.Support or Funding InformationThis work was partially supported by a grant from the NIH (R01ES021735).This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Se deficiency exacerbated AFB1‐induced splenic injury in chicks is related to regulate six selenoproteins and redox/inflammation/apoptotic signaling
Authors: Zhao Ling , Feng Yue , Deng Jiang , Sun Lvhui 
Published: June 2021

This study was to explore the mechanism of Se‐mediated protection against AFB1‐induced splenic injury in broilers. Day‐old male chicks (n = 30/group) were fed a Se‐deficient, corn and soy–based diet (BD, 36 μg Se/kg) or the BD + 1.0 mg AFB1/kg, 0.3 mg Se/kg, or 1.0 mg AFB1/kg with 0.3 mg Se/kg for 3 wk. The Se was added as 2‐hydroxy‐4‐methylselenobutanoic acid. Dietary AFB1 induced the poor growth performance and spleen injury, decreased (P < 0.05) body weight, feed intake, feed conversion, and serum interleukin‐1β, increased (P < 0.05) spleen index and serum interleukin‐6, and decreased the splenic lymphocyte number and white pulp region and histiocyte proliferation in Se adequate groups. Notably, Se deficiency exacerbated (P < 0.05) these AFB1‐induced alterations. Moreover, Se deficiency reduced (P < 0.05) splenic glutathione peroxidases (GPX) and glutathione‐S transferases activities and glutathione content in AFB1 administrated groups. Furthermore, Se deficiency also up‐regulated (P < 0.05) the antimicrobial (beta defensin 1 and 2) and apoptotic (Caspase3) genes but down‐regulated (P < 0.05) inflammatory (E3 ubiquitin‐protein ligase CBL‐B) genes in AFB1 supplementation groups. Additionally, Se deficiency down‐regulated (P < 0.05) Gpx3, thioredoxin reductase 1, GPX4 and selenoprotein (SELENO) S and up‐regulated (P < 0.05) Selenot and Selenou in spleen in AFB1 administrated groups. In conclusion, dietary Se deficiency aggravated AFB1‐induced splenic injury in chicks, potentially via the regulation of the 6 selenoproteins and oxidative stress, inflammatory and apoptotic signaling.Support or Funding InformationSupported in part by Chinese Natural Science Foundation Projects 31772636 and 31501987 and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities Project 2662018PY030.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Effect of stocking density and dietary antimicrobial inclusion on biochemical and enzymical variables of male broilers grown to 35 days of age
Authors: Olanrewaju Hammed A , Purswell Joseph L , Collier Stephanie D , Branton Scott L 
Published: June 2021

Significant expansion in conventional and antibiotic‐free (ABF) broiler production is expected to continue as demand for poultry products continues to increase and feed prices remain stable. Much concern nowadays is expressed about stocking density as it relates to the well‐being and welfare of broilers. Changes in the levels of various plasma biochemistry and enzyme activity biomarkers are indicators of internal organs' (heart. liver, kidney) health and overall systemic homeostasis. This study investigated the effects of recommended stocking densities and dietary antimicrobial inclusion of male broilers grown to 35 days of age on selected hematobiochemical and enzymical variables. A total of 1952 1‐d‐ old Ross x Ross 708 male chicks were randomly distributed into 32 pens based on 4 assigned stocking density treatments. Conventional (AGP+) and antibiotic free (ABF) diets were equally assigned to each pen with feed and water provided ad libitum. The treatments consisted of 4 densities (27, 29, 33, 39 kg/m2) and 2 diets (AGP+, ABF) arranged in a 4 × 2 factorial. Blood samples were collected from the brachial wing vein of 3 birds per pen on d 15, 28, and 35. The collected blood samples were centrifuged to separate the plasma and used to determine the concentration of biochemical parameters and enzyme activities using an ACE‐AXCEL automatic analyzer. Results show that only UA was affected by stocking density. However, in comparison to broilers fed the ABF diet, broilers with AGP+ had significant effects on ALB, ALP, AMYL, CK, GGT, LDL, TBILI, and TP. Also, age was showed to have significant contributor effects on most selected variables. The results are in broad agreement with those reported in the literature and contribute to our knowledge of blood metabolites and homeostatic variation in developing male broilers. In conclusion, stocking density up to 39 kg/m2 with appropriate environmental management in the presence or absence of antibiotic in the diets may be suitable for both poultry integrators and contract growers to enhance broilers production efficiency without compromising the welfare of broilers grown to 35 days of age.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
‘It all begins with the outside of the body, with a person wrapped in their own skin’: How to make surface anatomy a central part of a curriculum
Authors: Tunstall Richard 
Published: June 2021

The majority of patient examinations and interventions within a healthcare setting rely on the use of surface anatomy; why, therefore, do so many of the courses used to train healthcare practitioners place little emphasis on ensuring proficiency, or indeed mastery, in the surface landmarking and localisation relevant to safe practice? Despite the regularity with which it is used in practice, surface anatomy is often treated as a second‐class relation to gross anatomy, as an add‐on component that students will figure out for themselves via logical deduction. To further add to the issue, many current texts present outdated descriptions of surface anatomy and fail to recognise that there is a range of normal positions within which structures may sit.Arguably, surface anatomy should form one of the core components of any clinical anatomy and medical imaging curriculum for healthcare practitioners and all graduating practitioners should be able to consistently locate and visualise structures relevant to their practice via the skin. This presentation will discuss a range of techniques, methods and resources that have be used to enable surface anatomy to become an explicit and central part of undergraduate and postgraduate training, and will highlight the challenges and outcomes of implementing such an approach.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
A Comprehensive Anatomical Characterization and Radiographic Study of Stage III Testicular Cancer in a 31‐Year‐Old Male Patient
Authors: Mas Jose Luis , Talarico Ernest Francis , Jones Jonathan A. 
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this investigation was to characterize an unusual case of stage III testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) in a 31‐year‐old male with metastases to nodes, bone, viscera and brain, and to understand all possible routes of metastatic disease. Testicular cancer (TC) has an increasing incidence worldwide, and its etiology, risk factors and pathogenesis are not completely understood. Medical records were reviewed, and the cadaveric specimen evaluated by physical examination and gross dissection. Paraffin embedded tissue sections of the primary tumor were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) for histological study. To examine metastatic spread, pre‐ and post‐mortem digital radiologic image acquisition was done using x‐ray films, and high‐resolution CT Scans and MRI Scans. Image analysis, multi‐planar reformatting, and three‐dimensional (3‐D) reconstruction were done on radiographic series. Dissection showed masses bilaterally from the apex through the lung base; masses on the internal thoracic wall, and hepatomegaly and splenomegaly with multiple tumor masses. Testicular parenchyma was composed of primitive germ cells that formed glomeruloid or embryonal‐like structures, as well as areas with a micro‐cystic histologic pattern and areas of fibrous dysplasia. Medical imaging 3‐D video radiographic dissection was notable for a 38.45 mm diameter, mid‐brain tumor; extreme hepatomegaly with numerous tumors, lung tumors, a large penetrating tumor of the left ilium, and multiple tumors throughout both lungs and the thoracolumbar spine (T5‐S1). This study provides insight into the histology and metastatic spread of TGCT that is essential for clinicians to understand in the evaluation and treatment of TC patients.Support or Funding InformationMethodist Hospitals Southlake Campus (Merrillville, IN)Rocco Prosthetic and Orthotic Center (Cincinnati, OH)Indiana University School of Medicine‐Northwest (Gary, IN)BodyViz (Clive, IA)This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
A method for determination of tracheobronchial airway geometries from four different strains of mice
Authors: Hoeng Julia , Foong Clement , Oldham Michael J. , Lucci Francesco , Cockram Steve , Luke Stephen , Yeo Demetrius , Chua Joanne , Peitsch Manuel C. , Kuczaj Arkadiusz 
Published: June 2021

Accurate lung morphometry is fundamental for predicting aerosol dosimetry. Currently, lung morphometry is only available for 2–3 species of mice (B6C3F1, BALB/c, and A/J). Based upon in‐situ prepared silicone rubber mouse lung casts, a complete process, including their micro‐CT scanning, segmentation, and automated algorithmic processing enabling the determination of airways geometries was developed for four strains of mice (BALB/c, A/J, ApoE−/− and C57BL/6).Silicone rubber lung casts were prepared in‐situ from 20 ApoE−/− and C57BL/6 mice. The cured mouse lung casts were manually inspected for casting quality and manual morphometry measurements were performed (tracheobronchial generations 1–6) on selected lung casts prior to high resolution micro‐CT scanning. Micro‐CT scanning of existing in‐situ lung casts from BALB/c and A/J mice were also performed. Micro‐CT Images were then segmented to reconstruct a 3D model of the individual lung casts. A skeleton of each processed lung cast was automatically created by shrinking the 3D model of each airway to its centerline. Algorithms were developed for automatic detection of possible skeleton exceptions like closed loops, trifurcations and isolated nodes to be subsequently manually resolved. Finally, the skeleton was automatically measured extracting major airway morphometry characteristics (e.g. airway generation number, length, diameter, bifurcations angles, and angle to gravity).The automated measurement procedure was tested/verified by comparing its measurements of airway length, diameter and bifurcation angles with previous manual morphometry measurements from lung casts of identical BALB/c & A/J mice and the automated measurements of lung casts of two BALB/c mice. Not surprisingly, tracheobronchial airway diameters for ApoE−/− and C57BL/6 mice were similar, but were significantly different from the other murine strains examined. It is anticipated that these anatomical differences will result in different aerosol deposition as predicted by various dosimetry codes (NCRP, ICRP, and Multiple‐Path Particle Dosimetry Model).Support or Funding InformationPMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland PMI Research Laboratories Pte. Ltd., Singapore Altria Client Services LLC, Richmond, USASynopsys, Exeter, United KingdomThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Arterial Variation in the Upper Extremity Observed During Cadaveric Dissection
Authors: Polcaro Lauren , Donohue James , Daly Daniel , Tan Yun 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundThe brachial artery (BR) is the continuation of the axillary artery, beginning at the lower border of the teres major muscle. It terminates distal to elbow and divides into the ulnar and radial arteries and supplies the forearm and hand.During routine dissection, anomalies of the BR were found bilaterally in an 81‐year old male and unilaterally in an 89‐year old female. The bilateral variations were not identical. In the left arm, the BR divided into the ulnar and radial arteries 3.32 cm after the inferior border of the teres major muscle. High bifurcation of the BR has an incidence rate of 8%1. The radial artery branched medially from the BR following a course deep and medial to the median nerve, following a unique path as it descended to the forearm. The ulnar artery originated laterally from the BR, coursing deep to the median nerve and medial to the musculocutaneous nerve to descend to the forearm, giving off the common interosseous artery and anterior and posterior ulnar recurrent arteries below the elbow. In the right arm, the radial artery was observed originating from the axillary artery before the subscapular artery, a branch of the axillary artery. A high origin of the radial artery has an incidence rate of 15%1. The radial artery traveled through the two heads of the median nerve and traveled with it to cross the elbow into the forearm. The BR continued down the arm and became the ulnar artery below the elbow. The 89‐year old female showed a unilateral variation called a superficial ulnar artery (SUA). The BR gave rise to a SUA at the level of the inferior border of the teres major. The SUA passed between the two heads of the median nerve and traveled anteriolaterally to the medial epicondyle of the humerus. At the level of the neck of the radius, the BR divided into a deep ulnar artery and a radial artery. Once the SUA entered the medial aspect of the forearm, it ran laterally to the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle and travelled with the ulnar nerve. The SUA and ulnar nerve pass through Guyon's canal together to enter the hand. SUA are quite rare, with an incidence rate of 0.7% to 9.4%2,3. Surgeons must be aware of these variations of the BR as they may complicate procedures.Support or Funding InformationCenter for Anatomical Science and Education, Department of Surgery, Saint Louis University School of MedicineThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
In Praise of Selflessness: Students Expectations of an Anatomy Laboratory Experience
Authors: Kramer Beverley , Hutchinson Erin , Hartmann Carol 
Published: June 2021

Body donation is viewed as a selfless act on the part of the donors and their families which benefits the training of Health Sciences students for the future good of society. Most anatomists view the use of human bodies, which is made possible by donation, as the cornerstone for acquiring anatomical knowledge. In this context, our study investigated undergraduate health sciences students' expectations of the anatomy laboratory experience at a South African University.Over 600 of the 1381 students enrolled in anatomy courses for the degrees of medicine, dentistry and allied health sciences at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa during 2016 and 2017, completed a voluntary survey (Human Research Ethics Committee (Medical) Clearance no. M160219). The survey included an open‐ended question asking students about their expectations of the anatomy laboratory experience. Thematic analysis was used to identify major and minor themes emanating from the student responses. The major themes identified from the 464 responses to the question were: an expectation to learn and better understand the anatomy of the human body, the value of visualizing structures linked to practical learning and hands on experience, as well as the authenticity of dealing with human remains. Minor themes which emerged were the importance of the knowledge gained for future clinical careers as well as the acquisition of academic and personal skills. Additionally, students acknowledged the sacrifice of the body donor and their families in their contribution to the students' learning of anatomy.The laboratory experience and the use of human bodies was valued by the students for supporting and deepening their learning of anatomy and was viewed as enriching. Some students perceived the experience as an essential aspect in the preparation for their future careers as health sciences professionals.Support or Funding InformationNo funding was received for this projectThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Evolutionary significance of morphological integration of the mandibular symphysis and corpus in extant hominoids
Authors: Pitirri M. Kathleen 
Published: June 2021

Morphological integration refers to coordinated variation among traits that are closely related in development and/or function. Patterns of integration can offer important insight into the relationship between phenotypic traits, providing a framework to address questions of evolutionary significance. Although integrative features of the hominoid cranium have been the focus of numerous analyses, studies of integration in the hominoid mandible have received relatively less attention. Since mandibular fragments are among the most commonly preserved aspects in the hominoid fossil record, understanding patterns of morphological integration in extant hominoids has important implications for interpretations of hominoid evolution. Here, we aim to identify the pattern of integration between the shape of the mandibular corpus and symphysis in extant hominoids. To address this, we conducted a Procrutes‐based geometric morphometric analysis to quantify and analyze covariation between the outlines of the mandibular corpus and symphysis in Pongo pygmaeus, Pongo abelii, Gorilla beringei, Gorilla gorilla, Pan troglodytes and Pan paniscus. Corpus shape was quantified using three landmarks and 60 semilandmarks between M1 and M2, and symphysis shape was quantified using five landmarks and 55 semilandmarks in a sample of 116 adult specimens. The relationship between corpus shape and symphysis shape was assessed using two‐block partial least squares analysis. Phylogenetic patterns of shape variation were assessed using evolutionary covariance matrices. Results of this analysis show that relatively taller, narrower symphyses with well defined superior and inferior transverse tori covary with taller, narrower corpora, while relatively shorter, wider corpora covary with wider, narrower symphyses with larger inferior transverse tori. These results also reveal taxonomic differences in patterns of integration between the corpus and the symphysis that may reflect phylogenetically significant shifts in development and/or function of the hominoid mandible.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Development of an Improved Method for Genetic Fate Mapping of Brain Microglia
Authors: McKinsey Gabriel L. , Chee Elin , Santander Nicolas , Arnold Thomas D. 
Published: June 2021

As the resident macrophage cells of the brain, microglia are crucial for the phagocytosis of infectious agents, apoptotic cells and synapses. Developmentally, microglia originate from the embryonic yolk sac and serve important roles in the sculpting of neonatal neural circuits. In the context of severe brain injury or infection, bone‐marrow derived macrophages invade neural tissue, making it difficult to distinguish between invading macrophages and resident microglia. Although bone‐marrow derived macrophages can adopt some features of endogenous microglia, they are not able to fully recapitulate all of their properties, suggesting that there may be important functional differences between these two populations of cells. To distinguish between resident microglia and circulating myelogenous macrophages, we generated a P2ry12‐CreER mouse line. P2RY12 is a microglial‐specific nucleotide sensing GPCR that is important for microglial response to tissue damage. The P2ry12‐CreER line was generated by CRISPR‐facilitated homologous recombination and insertion of a 2A‐CreER sequence into the 3’ end of the P2RY12 coding sequence. Using immunofluorescent labeling and flow cytometry, we determined whether this recombination was specific to parenchymal microglia, as compared to meningeal, choroid plexus or perivascular macrophages. We also describe preliminary experiments that involve transcriptional profiling of P2ry12‐CreER recombined cells, using a Cre‐dependent Rpl22‐HA mouse line. Finally, using mouse models of neonatal and adult stroke, we used the P2ry12‐CreER line to fate map true brain microglia in the context of brain injury. Altogether, these results demonstrate the utility of this novel mouse line for genetic recombination, gene expression and fate‐mapping studies of brain microglia.Support or Funding InformationNIH K08NS096192This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.