bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Manganese systemic distribution is modulated in vivo during tumor progression and affects tumor cell migration and invasion in vitro
Authors: Stelling Mariana Paranhos , Soares Mariana Alves , Cardoso Simone Coutinho , Motta Juliana Maria , de Abreu Joice Côrtes , Antunes Maria Júlia Mansur , de Freitas Vitória Gonçalves , Moraes João Alfredo , Castelo-Branco Morgana Teixeira Lima , Pérez Carlos Alberto , Pavão Mauro Sérgio Gonçalves 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMetastatic disease remains the leading cause of death in cancer and understanding the mechanisms involved in tumor progression continues to be challenging. This work investigates the role of manganese in tumor progression in an in vivo model of tumor growth. Our data revealed that manganese accumulates within primary tumors and secondary organs as manganese-rich niches. Consequences of such phenomenon were investigated, and we verified that short-term changes in manganese alter cell surface molecules syndecan-1 and β1-integrin, enhance collective cell migration and invasive behavior. Long-term increased levels of manganese do not affect cell growth and viability but enhance cell migration. We also observed that manganese is secreted from tumor cells in extracellular vesicles, rather than in soluble form. Finally, we describe exogenous glycosaminoglycans that counteract manganese effects on tumor cell behavior. In conclusion, our analyses describe manganese as a central element in tumor progression by accumulating in Mn-rich niches in vivo, as well as in vitro, affecting migration and extracellular vesicle secretion in vitro. Manganese accumulation in specific regions of the organism may not be a common ground for all cancers, nevertheless, it represents a new aspect of tumor progression that deserves special attention.
Neonicotinoids can cause arrested pupal ecdysis in Lepidoptera
Authors: Krishnan Niranjana , Jurenka Russell A. , Bradbury Steven P. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRecently, we reported a novel mode of action in monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) larvae exposed to neonicotinoid insecticides: arrest in pupal ecdysis following successful larval ecdysis. In this paper, we explore arrested pupal ecdysis in greater detail and propose adverse outcome pathways to explain how neonicotinoids cause this effect. Using imidacloprid as a model compound, we determined that final-instar monarchs, corn earworms (Helicoverpa zea), and wax moths (Galleria mellonella) showed high susceptibility to arrested pupal ecdysis while painted ladies (Vanessa cardui) and red admirals (Vanessa atalanta) showed low susceptibility. Fall armyworms (Spodoptera frugiperda) and European corn borers (Ostrinia nubilalis) were recalcitrant. All larvae with arrested ecdysis developed pupal cuticle, but with incomplete shedding of larval cuticle and unexpanded pupal appendages; corn earworm larvae successfully developed into adults with unexpanded appendages. Delayed initiation of pupal ecdysis was also observed with treated larvae. Imidacloprid exposure was required at least 26 h prior to pupal ecdysis to disrupt the molt. These observations suggest neonicotinoids may disrupt the function of crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP) neurons, either by directly acting on their nicotinic acetylcholine receptors or by acting on receptors of inhibitory neurons that regulate CCAP activity.
Scleral fixation using a hydrophilic four-haptic lens and polytetrafluoroethylene suture
Authors: Junqueira Natacha B. , Chaves Leandro J. , Poli-Neto Omero , Scott Ingrid U. , Jorge Rodrigo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTo assess the safety of scleral fixation using the Akreos AO60 intraocular lens (IOL) and Gore-Tex suture. Prospective evaluation of 20 patients who underwent scleral fixation of an Akreos AO60 with Gore-Tex. Patients presenting with aphakia or dislocated IOL without capsular support were enrolled in the study. Main outcome measures included visual acuity, endothelial cell density, and postoperative complications over 6 months of follow-up. Mean ± standard deviation (SD) uncorrected logMAR visual acuity improved from 1.92 ± 0.23 (20/1600 Snellen equivalent) preoperatively to 0.80 ± 0.56 (20/125) at 6 months postoperatively (p < 0.001). Mean ± SD best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) logMAR was 0.43 ± 0.23 preoperatively and 0.37 ± 0.24 (20/50) at 3–6 months postoperatively (p = 0.312). The mean ± SD endothelial cell density was 1740.50 ± 522.92 cells/mm2 and 1187.19 ± 493.00 cells/mm2 (p < 0.001) pre and postoperatively, respectively. Mean ± SD postoperative spherical equivalent was − 1.12 ± 1.50D. Postoperative complications included exposure of suture in 40% of the patients, hypotony in 15%, ocular hypertension in 10%, transient vitreous hemorrhage in 10%, retinal detachment in 5%, and transient lens opacification in 5%. Scleral fixation with an Akreos AO60 and Gore-Tex appears generally safe. However, given the high incidence of suture erosion observed, the use of scleral flaps or rotating and burying the knots is recommended in order to reduce the risk of this complication.
Effects of heliox and non-invasive neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NIV-NAVA) in preterm infants
Authors: Neumann-Klimasińska Natalia , Merritt T. Allen , Beck Jennifer , Miechowicz Izabela , Szymankiewicz-Bręborowicz Marta , Szczapa Tomasz 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDue to its unique properties, helium–oxygen (heliox) mixtures may provide benefits during non-invasive ventilation, however, knowledge regarding the effects of such therapy in premature infants is limited. This is the first report of heliox non-invasive neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NIV-NAVA) ventilation applied in neonates born ≤ 32 weeks gestational age. After baseline NIV-NAVA ventilation with a standard mixture of air and oxygen, heliox was introduced for 3 h, followed by 3 h of air-oxygen. Heart rate, peripheral capillary oxygen saturation, cerebral oxygenation, electrical activity of the diaphragm (Edi) and selected ventilatory parameters (e.g., respiratory rate, peak inspiratory pressure) were continuously monitored. We found that application of heliox NIV-NAVA in preterm infants was feasible and associated with a prompt and significant decrease of Edi suggesting reduced respiratory effort, while all other parameters were stable throughout the study, and had similar values during heliox and air-oxygen ventilation. This therapy may potentially enhance the efficacy of non-invasive respiratory support in preterm neonates and reduce the number of infants progressing to ventilatory failure.
Detection of scorpion venom by optical circular dichroism method
Authors: Mazhdi Y. , Hamidi S. M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractVarious efforts have been made to detect minimum amounts of any toxic materials in water or the neurotoxic effect of venom (Odontobuthus Doriae Scorpion) in the human’s blood serum nerve by high-sensitivity, accurate, and low-cost sensors in order to enhance life style. Therefore, the present study was done to investigate reliability of two-dimensional plasmonic structure and circular dichroism (CD) in toxic samples in order to measure and determine venom concentrations and its neurotoxic effect on humans҆ blood serum Neurotransmitter analytes. Our results confirmed dependency of CD signal to neurotoxic effect of venom concentrations and good sensitivity of this sensor with the help of achiral plasmonic structure.
Unravelling the limits of the transfer of asymmetry in supramolecular polymers
Authors: Greciano Elisa E. , Martínez Manuel A. , Alsina Silvia , Laguna Andrés , Sánchez Luis 
Published: August 2021

The chiroptical features of self-assembled N-annulated perylenetetracarboxamides 1–4 are investigated. These studies demonstrate that only compounds 1–3 show an efficient transfer of assymetry.
A Validation Model for Ethical Decisions in Artificial Intelligence Systems using Personal Data
Authors: Stefan Radu , Carutasu George 
Published: August 2021

Decision making, a fundamental human process, has been more and more supported by computer systems in the second part of the last century. In the 21st century, intelligent decision support systems utilize Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques to enhance and improve support for decision makers. Often decisions suggested by an AI system are based on personal data, such as credit scoring in financial institutions or purchase behavior in online shops and the like. Beyond the protection or personal data by the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), developers and operators of decisional AI systems need to ensure ethical standards are met. In respect to individuals, arguably the most relevant ethical aspect is the fairness principle, to ensure individuals are treated fairly.
In this paper we present an evaluation model for decision ethicality of AI systems in respect to the fairness principle. The presented model treats any AI system as a “black-box”. It separates sensitive from general attributes in the input matrix. The model measures the distance between predicted values on altering inputs for sensitive attributes. The variance of the outputs is interpreted as individual fairness, that is treating similar individuals similarly. In addition, the model also informs about the group fairness. The validation model helps to determine to what extent an AI System, decides fairly in general for individuals and groups, thus can be used as a test tool in development and operation of AI Systems using personal data.
A Fileira da Cortiça em Portugal – Posicionamento e Competitividade
Authors: Coelho Inocêncio Seita , Pestana Miguel 
Published: August 2021

Portugal é o principal produtor e transformador mundial de cortiça. Esta posição foi assumida após a Guerra Civil de Espanha, em que Portugal ultrapassou aquele país na liderança mundial (DIAS, 2005).
A área ocupada pelo sobreiro, a nível mundial, situa-se próxima de 2,7 milhões de hectares (correspondendo a 350 mil toneladas de cortiça), distribuída essencialmente na zona Mediterrânea com influência atlântica. A Península Ibérica detém 56% da área total, Portugal com 33% e Espanha com 23% (PESTANA, 2005).
Portugal possui uma área com sobreiros de 713 mil hectares (DGRF, 2006). Em 83% desta área, os povoamentos têm um estado de vitalidade bastante bom ou bom, com um apreciável potencial produtivo de cortiça amadia. Exportou 128.465 toneladas em 2001, com um valor de 880,8 milhões de euros. O país produz 54% da produção mundial de cortiça (em 2001 chegou a 340.000 toneladas), o peso da exportação desta matéria-prima é, aproximadamente, um quarto do total exportado pelo sector florestal e representa quase 3% do cômputo das exportações totais (INE, 2006).
A importância estratégica do sobreiro e da cortiça, para Portugal, está reconhecida na Estratégia Nacional para as Florestas (DGRF, 2007).
Três países da União Europeia (Portugal, Espanha e Itália) são líderes na produção, transformação e comércio de cortiça. Portugal transforma quase 37% do total mundial. As pequenas empresas são responsáveis pela transformação de 70% da produção nacional.
Por tudo isto, é fácil de entender a importância estratégica desta fileira para o nosso país, pelo que faremos um diagnóstico e uma análise prospectivos deste sector económico e utilizaremos uma análise SWOT para aferir a competitividade do mesmo.
Genusstherapie statt Stigmatisierung bei Adipositas
Authors: Arnold Christopher , Linden Michael , Warnke Max Holger 
Published: August 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGVon Adipositas wird nach medizinischen Kriterien bei einem Body-Mass-Index über 30 kg/m2 gesprochen. Adipositas ist mit einer erhöhten Rate an somatischen und psychischen Krankheiten assoziiert. Gesellschaftliche Normen in westlich geprägten Ländern sind durch eine Ablehnung von "fett sein" und eine Tendenz zur Diskriminierung von Adipösen geprägt, was auch einer Selbstdiskriminierung und subjektivem Leiden der Betroffenen Vorschub leistet. Technischer Fortschritt und die heutige Arbeitsgestaltung erlauben jedoch adipösen Menschen, unbeeinträchtigt am Leben in der Gesellschaft und dem Arbeitsleben teilzunehmen.Therapiemaßnahmen dürfen nicht nur auf Diäten und eine Gewichtsreduktion abzielen, sondern müssen vorrangig auch das Selbstwertgefühl und die Lebensqualität der Betroffenen zum Gegenstand haben. Interessante Therapieansätze lassen sich aus der positiven Psychologie, der Well-being-Therapie und der Genusstherapie ableiten.
Allenes in Diels–Alder Cycloadditions
Authors: Hopf Henning , Sherburn Michael S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFor a long time, allenes—and cumulenic systems in general—played a relatively minor role in Diels–Alder cycloadditions. This situation has changed, since allenes are more readily available and as their unique stereochemical features in [4+2]cycloadditions are more widely recognized. This review presents a comprehensive overview of allenes in Diels–Alder processes using selected examples. Allenes in dienes, dienophiles and cycloadducts are covered, inter- and intramolecular Diels–Alder cycloadditions are discussed, and stereochemical features of the addition process are described. Areas of emerging importance are also covered, including allenic components in dehydro-Diels–Alder processes, and dendralenic allenes in Diels–Alder sequences for the rapid generation of target-relevant molecular complexity. Preparatively useful methods for allenic precursor synthesis are also discussed.1	Introduction2	Allenic Dienes2.1	Vinylallenes2.2	Bisallenes2.3	Cross-conjugated Allenes3	Allenic Dienophiles4	Intramolecular Diels–Alder Cycloadditions5	Allenic Cycloadducts6	Conclusions and Outlook
Unplanned Hospital Readmission and Visit to the Emergency Room in the First Thirty Days after Head and Neck Surgery: A Prospective, Single-center Study
Authors: Chiesa-Estomba Carlos Miguel , Sistiaga-Suárez Jon Alexander , González-García José Ángel , Sarasola Ekhiñe Larruscain , Vilanova Ariadna Valldeperes , Altuna Xabier 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Introduction Head and neck surgery remains a complex field; the patients can suffer important functional or life-threating complications after treatment that need unplanned readmissions, increasing the cost related to the treatment.
Objective To evaluate the incidence risk factors and causes associated with 30-day unplanned hospital readmission and visit to the emergency room (ER) after surgery for head and neck cancer.
Methods Prospective, longitudinal, nonrandomized study.
Results A total of 834 patients were included, 726 in the major surgery group and 108 in the minor surgery group. The 30-day readmission rate for all causes was of 7,9% for the patients treated by a major surgery and of 0% for the patients treated in the outpatient clinic for minor procedures, to a total readmission rate of 6,8%. The rate of visit to the emergency room for all causes in the first 30 days was of 14% for the patients treated by a major surgery and of 2,7% for the patients treated in the outpatient clinic.
Conclusion Major surgery, the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) status and type of wound are conditions related to unplanned readmission or visit to the ER in the first 30 day after discharge. The most commonly associated causes are infections or wound complications. An evidence-based risk stratification of the patients can be important to improve decision-making and resource utilization. An educational strategy can provide possible ways to improve the rate of readmission and reduce the amount of money expended by healthcare systems.
Characterizing Intraoperative Vasopressor Use in Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Lentine Brandon , Vaickus Max , Shewmaker Grant , Niu Ruijia , Son Sung Jun , Mustafa Wissam , Reist Hailee , Smith Eric L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPreoperative optimization and protocols for joint replacement care pathways have led to decreased length of stay (LOS)and narcotic use, and are increasingly important in delivering quality, cost savings, and shifting appropriate cases to an outpatient setting. The intraoperative use of vasopressors is independently associated with increased LOS and risk of adverse postoperative events including death, and in total hip arthroplasty, there is an increased risk for intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Our aim is to characterize the patient characteristics associated with vasopressor use specifically in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). We retrospectively reviewed the electronic medical records of a cohort of patients who underwent inpatient primary TKA at a single academic hospital from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2018. Demographics, comorbidities, perioperative factors, and intraoperative medication administration were compared with multivariate regression to identify patients who may require intraoperative vasopressors. Out of these, 748 patients underwent TKA, 439 patients required intraoperative vasopressors, while 307 did not. Significant independent predictors of vasopressor use were older age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.06, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03–1.08) and history of a prior cerebrovascular accident (CVA; OR = 11.80, CI: 1.48–93.81). While not significant, male sex (OR = 0.72, CI: 0.50–1.04) and regional anesthesia (OR = 0.64, CI: 0.40–1.05) were nearing significance as negative independent predictors of vasopressor use. In a secondary analysis, we did not observe an increase in complications attributable to vasopressor administration intraoperatively. In conclusion, nearly 59% of patients undergoing TKA received intraoperative vasopressor support. History of stroke and older age were significantly associated with increased intraoperative vasopressor use. As the first study to examine vasopressor usage in a TKA patient population, we believe that understanding the association between patient characteristics and intraoperative vasopressor support will help orthopaedic surgeons select the appropriate surgical setting during preoperative optimization.
Severe Asthma Patients Experience and Satisfaction with Virtual Clinics during COVID-19 Period
Authors: Khan Mohammad Ayaz , Rajkumar Rajendram , Hammadi Mohammad , Al-Gamedi Majed , Al-Harbi Abdullah , Al-Jahdali Hamdan 
Published: August 2021

Background Enforced social distancing (i.e., lockdowns) greatly facilitated control of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). While access to hospitals was restricted, outpatient care continued remotely. The aim of this study was to determine the satisfaction of patients with severe asthma with telemedicine, and the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on severe asthma patients on biologics therapy.
Methods A cross-sectional survey of patients with severe asthma scheduled to receive biologic therapy at our hospital during the lockdown. The survey had sections about demographic data, asthma history, subjective perception of change in asthma control with biologic agent, the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on access to maintenance therapy for asthma, asthma exacerbation management, and satisfaction with telephone follow-up.
Results Fifty-four patients participated (response rate 93.1%; male 17; mean age 46.7 years). All had been on biologic therapy for over 3 months (mean 38.4 months ± standard deviation 26.5 months). Of the 45 patients living in Riyadh, 9 did not receive biologic therapy. Five of the nine patients living outside Riyadh did not receive biologic therapy. Alarmingly, 16 (29.6%) had insufficient medications, and 27 (50%) had difficulty obtaining medications. Fifty (92.6%) had telephone follow-up, 31 (57.4%) were satisfied with telemedicine.
Conclusion Many patients were satisfied with telemedicine, so this could be used to deliver routine outpatient tertiary care postpandemic. However, logistics around supplying medications and biologics must be considered in plans preparing for the second wave of COVID-19.
Linking Provider Specialty and Outpatient Diagnoses in Medicare Claims Data: Data Quality Implications
Authors: Huser Vojtech , Williams Nick D. , Mayer Craig S. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background With increasing use of real world data in observational health care research, data quality assessment of these data is equally gaining in importance. Electronic health record (EHR) or claims datasets can differ significantly in the spectrum of care covered by the data.
Objective In our study, we link provider specialty with diagnoses (encoded in International Classification of Diseases) with a motivation to characterize data completeness.
Methods We develop a set of measures that determine diagnostic span of a specialty (how many distinct diagnosis codes are generated by a specialty) and specialty span of a diagnosis (how many specialties diagnose a given condition). We also analyze ranked lists for both measures. As use case, we apply these measures to outpatient Medicare claims data from 2016 (3.5 billion diagnosis–specialty pairs). We analyze 82 distinct specialties present in Medicare claims (using Medicare list of specialties derived from level III Healthcare Provider Taxonomy Codes).
Results A typical specialty diagnoses on average 4,046 distinct diagnosis codes. It can range from 33 codes for medical toxicology to 25,475 codes for internal medicine. Specialties with large visit volume tend to have large diagnostic span. Median specialty span of a diagnosis code is 8 specialties with a range from 1 to 82 specialties. In total, 13.5% of all observed diagnoses are generated exclusively by a single specialty. Quantitative cumulative rankings reveal that some diagnosis codes can be dominated by few specialties. Using such diagnoses in cohort or outcome definitions may thus be vulnerable to incomplete specialty coverage of a given dataset.
Conclusion We propose specialty fingerprinting as a method to assess data completeness component of data quality. Datasets covering a full spectrum of care can be used to generate reference benchmark data that can quantify relative importance of a specialty in constructing diagnostic history elements of computable phenotype definitions.
Cloud shadows drive vertical migrations of deep-dwelling marine life
Authors: Omand Melissa M. , Steinberg Deborah K. , Stamieszkin Karen 
Published: August 2021

Significance
Our study provides evidence that, in addition to diel vertical migration, zooplankton residing at >300-m depth during the day perform high-frequency, vertical migrations due to light modulation by clouds. Using a water-following framework and measurements and modeling of the twilight zone light field, we isolated the detailed phototactic response and show that some twilight zone animals are considerably more active than previously thought, with a cumulative distance traveled of more than one-third of that for diel migration. The increased movement increases predation risk and has implications for the metabolic requirements of these animals in the food-limited deep sea.
Is ‘more’ really more?
Authors: Rothstein Björn , Staubach Katharina , Ripp Saskia , Waldeyer Julia , Roelle Julian 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Starting from general problems of teaching grammar in the subject of German language as well as from basic
assumptions of so-called ‘more-is-more’ didactics, we discuss demands to continue teaching grammar after the eighth grade (in
Germany, that is the eighth year of school). We then present a quasi-experimental study which was carried out in
grades 8 to 12 with the same participants for the purpose of finding out whether providing additional and repeated grammar
teaching in the subject of German language even after the eighth grade results in improved and explicit long-term German grammar
knowledge. At least at one measurement time point during the study, N = 821 students from six different schools
were participating. As a crucial result it turned out that additional and repeated grammar teaching resulted in an improvement in
explicit grammar knowledge both during individual grades and across grades. These study results support the demands of
‘more-is-more’ didactics, they however require long-term assessment concerning a number of problems, which are discussed.