bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contrasting patterns of phylogenetic turnover in amphibians and reptiles are driven by environment and geography in Neotropical savannas
Authors: Azevedo Josué A. R. , de C. Nogueira Cristiano , Antonelli Alexandre , Faurby Søren 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimCross‐taxonomic congruence in biodiversity patterns is key to understanding the main drivers of community structure, for biogeographical regionalization and to guide conservation. We aim to map the patterns of phylogenetic turnover and disentangle the geographical and environmental factors that drive the phylogenetic composition of distinct faunal assemblages.LocationThe Cerrado savannas of South America.TaxaReptiles and amphibians.MethodsWe measured the proportion of phylogenetic branches shared among sites (i.e. phylogenetic turnover) using presence‐absence matrices for all species in the Cerrado and for endemics only, including only well‐sampled localities from previously compiled inventories. We then tested whether phylogenetic turnover is different from null expectations based on taxonomic turnover. We used generalized dissimilarity modelling (GDM) to test whether geography, topography, soil or climate best explain phylogenetic turnover. Finally, we mapped the observed and the GDM‐predicted clustering of phylogenetic turnover to assess geographical congruence between reptiles and amphibians.ResultsFor all reptiles, geographical distance is the most important factor explaining phylogenetic turnover, whereas for endemic reptiles and amphibians, in general, a set of climatic variables and relief roughness are more important. We did not find any significant correlation between the phylogenetic turnover of reptiles and amphibians, as evidenced by non‐congruent phylogenetic clustering and by different responses to geographical and environmental gradients.Main conclusionsThe different relationships of phylogenetic turnover of reptiles and amphibians to geographical and environmental distances have ultimately shaped the phylogenetic regionalization of these two groups. This incongruence indicates the differential importance of niche filtering, dispersal limitation and the influence of neighbouring biomes in the regionalization of different groups of organisms. Therefore, diversity patterns of one group should ideally not be used as a surrogate to map general patterns or to understand the drivers of diversity of other co‐occurring groups. Thus, conservation efforts need to be designed and implemented for each organismal group.
NR4A1 knockdown confers hepatoprotection against ischaemia‐reperfusion injury by suppressing TGFβ1 via inhibition of CYR61/NF‐κB in mouse hepatocytes
Authors: Cao Jun , Xu Ting , Zhou Chengming , Wang Shaochuang , Jiang Baofei , Wu Kun , Ma Long 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 1 (NR4A1) can aggravate ischaemia‐reperfusion (I/R) injury in the heart, kidney and brain. Thus, the present study aimed to unravel the role of NR4A1 on hepatic I/R injury. For this purpose, the mouse hepatic I/R model and H/R‐exposed mouse hepatocytes model were established to stimulate the hepatic and hepatocellular damage. Then, the levels of ALT and AST as well as TNF‐α and IL‐1β expression were measured in the mouse serum and supernatant of hepatocyte s, respectively. Thereafter, we quantified the levels of NR4A1, CYR61, NF‐kB p65 and TGFβ1 under pathological conditions, and their interactions were analysed using ChIP and dual‐luciferase reporter gene assays. The in vivo and in vitro effects of NR4A1, CYR61, NF‐kB p65 and TGFβ1 on I/R‐induced hepatic and H/R‐induced hepatocellular damage were evaluated using gain‐ and loss‐of‐function approaches. NR4A1 was up‐regulated in the hepatic tissues of I/R‐operated mice and in H/R‐treated hepatocytes. Silencing NR4A1 relieved the I/R‐induced hepatic injury, as supported by suppression of ALT and AST as well as TNF‐α and IL‐1β. Meanwhile, NR4A1 knockdown attenuated the H/R‐induced hepatocellular damage by inhibiting the apoptosis of hepatocyte s. Moreover, we also found that NR4A1 up‐regulated the expression of CYR61 which resulted in the activation of the NF‐κB signalling pathway, thereby enhancing the transcription of TGFβ1, which was validated to be the mechanism underlying the contributory role of NR4A1 in hepatic I/R injury. Taken together, NR4A1 silencing reduced the expression of CYR61/NF‐κB/TGFβ1, thereby relieving the hepatic I/R injury.
Cardiac‐specific overexpression of miR‐122 induces mitochondria‐dependent cardiomyocyte apoptosis and promotes heart failure by inhibiting Hand2
Authors: Shi Yajuan , Zhang Zhi , Yin Qiqi , Fu Chen , Barszczyk Andrew , Zhang Xiaofu , Wang Jiabing , Yang Deye 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMicroRNA‐122 (miR‐122) is one of several microRNAs elevated in heart failure patients. To investigate the potential role and mechanism of miR‐122 in heart failure, we constructed a transgenic mouse overexpressing miR‐122 in the heart. This mouse exhibited cardiac dysfunction (as assessed by transthoracic echocardiography), morphological abnormalities of the heart and cardiomyocyte apoptosis characteristic of heart failure. Mechanistically, we identified the Hand2 transcription factor as a direct target of miR‐122 using a dual‐luciferase reporter assay. In Tg‐miR‐122 mice and H9C2 cells with miR‐122 mimics, we detected apoptosis and increased expression of dynamin‐related protein‐1 (Drp1). This effect was blocked with prior knockdown of Hand2 in vitro. Our work suggests that miR‐122 causes cardiomyocyte apoptosis by inhibiting Hand2 and consequently increasing Drp1‐mediated mitochondrial fission. Such a mechanism likely contributes to heart failure and so modulating this pathway could be therapeutically valuable against heart failure.
Factors influencing return rate and marine residence duration in sea trout populations in Central Norway
Authors: Paterson Rachel A. , Berntsen Henrik H. , Næsje Tor F. , Berg Marius , Finstad Bengt 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBrown trout (Salmo trutta) display extensive plasticity in marine migratory behaviours, with marine migrations considered to be an adaptive strategy which enables sea trout to maximize growth and reproductive potential. However, marine migrations are not without associated costs, including threats posed by ever‐increasing salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) infestations. In the present study, we used passive integrated transponder technology to characterize variability in sea trout migration behaviour amongst three catchments situated in a region of intensive salmon farming in central Norway. Specifically, we investigate how lice infestation, out‐migration date and body size alter sea trout return rate and marine residence duration during the first out‐migration to sea from each catchment. Distinct catchment‐specific differences in sea trout out‐migration size and the number of cohorts were observed, but larger body size did not guarantee the successful return of migrating trout. The marine residence duration of individuals that successfully returned to freshwater was positively correlated with lice infestation risk, suggesting for these individuals the lethal infestation threshold had not been reached. Our results also suggest that sea trout populations from lotic‐dominated catchments are potentially at greater risk from size‐related threats to their survival encountered during their marine migrations than sea trout from lentic‐dominated catchments. The variability in sea trout migratory behaviour amongst catchments observed here emphasizes the challenges fisheries managers face when deciding the best actions to take to protect the anadromous portion of brown trout populations.
A new species of pikeblenny (Blenniiformes: Chaenopsidae: Chaenopsis) from the tropical eastern Pacific and a key to all species
Authors: Tavera Jose 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe genus Chaenopsis presently includes 10 species, four in the eastern Pacific and six in the western Atlantic. Five individuals of an undescribed species of this genus were obtained at Gorgona Island in the eastern Pacific of Colombia, in depths between 3 and 5 m. This new species differs from all the Eastern Pacific species in an array of traits including meristic, coloration and morphometric characters. Chaenopsis celeste new species differs from its only sympatric species, C. deltarrhis, in having fewer pectoral rays, fewer dorsal spines and more dorsal‐fin soft rays and anal‐fin elements. This new species is found over shallow sandy, rubble and small rocks bottoms from Costa Rica to Colombia.
Surface runoff hydrograph derivation using a dynamic wave based instantaneous unit hydrograph
Authors: Jeong Minyeob , Kim Dae‐Hong , Kim Jongho 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRainfall‐runoff models based on unit hydrographs and geomorphological instantaneous unit hydrographs have been widely used because of their simplicity and applicability. However, they are conceptual approaches, and not a reflection of physical phenomena. As an alternative, dynamic wave models have been introduced, but they are not appropriate for practical purposes because of their numerical instability and high computational cost. In this study, we present a hybrid method composed of a dynamic wave approach and instantaneous unit hydrograph (IUH) to predict surface runoff physically, stably, and instantly. We generate the S‐hydrographs of a watershed using a dynamic wave model, and the IUHs of the watershed are derived by numerically differentiating the S‐hydrographs with respect to time. Finally, a direct runoff hydrograph is produced through the convolution of the temporally varying rainfall excess rate and the IUHs of the watershed. A dynamic wave model is used, and therefore, only a single parameter related to friction needs to be calibrated for the S‐hydrograph generation, and the nonlinearity of the rainfall‐runoff process can be partially considered. From a computational perspective, the proposed method after the IUH derivation ends instantly and stably. Tests for ideal and real watersheds show good agreement between measurements and dynamic wave modelling results.
Emissions of electric vehicle charging in future scenarios: The effects of time of charging
Authors: Arvesen Anders , Völler Steve , Hung Christine Roxanne , Krey Volker , Korpås Magnus , Strømman Anders Hammer 
Published: May 2021

AbstractElectrification of transport is an important option to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Although many studies have analyzed emission implications of electric vehicle charging, time‐specific emission effects of charging are inadequately understood. Here, we combine climate protection scenarios for Europe for the year 2050, detailed power system simulation at hourly time steps, and life cycle assessment of electricity in order to explore the influence of time on the greenhouse gas emissions associated with electric vehicle charging for representative days. We consider both average and short‐term marginal emissions. We find that the mix of electricity generation technologies, and thus, also the emissions of charging, vary appreciably across the 24‐h day. In our estimates for Europe for 2050, an assumed day‐charging regime yields one‐third‐to‐one‐half lower average emissions than an assumed night‐charging regime. This is owing to high fractions of solar PV in the electricity mix during daytime and more reliance on natural gas electricity in the late evening and night. The effect is stronger during summer months than during winter months, with day charging causing one‐half‐to‐two‐thirds lower emissions than night charging during summer. Also, when short‐term marginal electricity is assumed, emissions tend to be lower with day charging because of contributions from nuclear electricity during the day. However, the results for short‐term marginal electricity have high uncertainty. Overall, our results suggest a need for electric vehicle charging policies and emission assessments to take into consideration variations in electricity mixes and time profiles of vehicle charging over the 24‐h day.
Effects of non‐pharmacological interventions on preoperative anxiety and postoperative pain in patients undergoing breast cancer surgery: A systematic review
Authors: Tola Yetunde Oluwafunmilayo , Chow Ka Ming , Liang Wei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundPoorly managed preoperative anxiety and pain were reported to slow the postoperative recovery of breast cancer patients. Thus, proactive management using non‐pharmacological interventions becomes essential for decreasing opioid or anxiolytics consumption, anxiety level, pain intensity, postoperative complications and improving patients’ haemodynamics and satisfaction with care.PurposeTo identify, analyse and synthesise the effects of non‐pharmacological interventions on preoperative anxiety and acute postoperative pain in women undergoing breast cancer surgery.MethodFor this systematic review, 12 databases including Ovid Nursing, PsycInfo, British Nursing Index, CINAHL, Cochrane Library were searched to identify relevant studies. A total of 6,012 articles were identified from the search, six RCTs and one quasi‐experimental study that met the inclusion criteria were included after eligibility screening. Narrative synthesis was used to analyse data extracted from the included articles. The review adhered to the PRISMA guideline.ResultsTwelve outcomes were measured in the included studies, including preoperative anxiety, and acute postoperative pain. Music, massage, aromatherapy and acupuncture were the interventions delivered. Music had a small‐to‐large effect size and aromatherapy had a small effect size on reducing preoperative anxiety. Also, music had a large effect size whilst acupuncture had a medium effect size on minimising postoperative pain in women undergoing breast cancer surgery.ConclusionMusic, aromatherapy and acupuncture appeared to be effective for reducing preoperative anxiety and postoperative pain in women undergoing breast cancer surgery. However, the small number of studies available for each intervention prevents conclusive statements about which the most effective method.Implication for clinical practiceA nursing care pathway that standardises the use of non‐pharmacological interventions for the management of both preoperative anxiety and postoperative pain in breast cancer surgery patients should be developed.
Determination of the sleep–wake pattern and feasibility of NREM/REM discrimination using the non‐invasive piezoelectric system in rats
Authors: Vanneau Théo , Quiquempoix Michael , Trignol Aurélie , Verdonk Charles , Van Beers Pascal , Sauvet Fabien , Gomez‐Merino Danielle , Chennaoui Mounir 
Published: May 2021

SummaryThe piezoelectric cage‐floor sensors have been used to successfully dissect sleep patterns in mice based on signal features related to respiration and body movements. We studied performance of the piezoelectric system to quantify the sleep–wake pattern in the rat over 7 days of recording compared with a visual electroencephalogram/electromyogram scoring, and under two light/dark (LD12:12 and LD16:8) photoperiods leading to change in the 24‐hr sleep characteristics (N = 7 per group). The total sleep time (%/24 hr) over the 7 days recording and hourly sleep time over the last 24‐hr recording were not statistically different between methods under the two photoperiods. Both methods detected higher total sleep time with the LD16:8 photoperiod compared with LD12:12 (p < .05), and correlated significantly (p < .001) at light and dark periods during each photoperiod. The accuracies for discrimination of sleep–wake patterns between methods were 81.9% and 84.9% for LD12:12 and LD16:8, respectively. In addition, spectral analysis of the respiratory signal given by piezo during all 10‐s periods of the corresponding non‐rapid eye movement and rapid eye movement sleep periods recorded by electroencephalogram/electromyogram resulted in selection of 36 features that could be inserted in an automated non‐rapid eye movement sleep and rapid eye movement sleep classification, with 90% accuracy with the electroencephalogram/electromyogram visual scoring. The piezo system proved to be a reliable non‐invasive alternative to electroencephalogram recording to study total sleep time in rat, with feasibility to discriminate between non‐rapid eye movement and rapid eye movement sleep stages. This will be interesting in pharmacological or bio‐behavioural studies evaluating sleep patterns or the restorative functions of sleep in the body and the brain.
Institution as mediation between social structure and agency: Toward a realist social ontology of institutions
Authors: Öğütle Vefa Saygın 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThere is a widely accepted conception that institutions are norm systems or norm‐guided practices. Opening this conception itself to discussion, the paper initially discusses a group of concepts, such as norm, power, practice, structure, etc., that are related to the definition of institution. Following the discussion, it focuses on the possibility of understanding institutions as spaces. Finally, the paper suggests that institutions mediate ontologically between structure and agency within a framework developed with a critical‐realist approach, and formulates the two sides of this mediation (structure‐institution and institution‐agency) as two spatialities. While the institution as a topos corresponds to a ground on which social structures materialize their causal powers, the institution as a locus manifests itself as a place where agents reproduce and/or transform with their strategic and dispositional actions.
Using Skype to research literacy practices: providing opportunities for participants with mental health conditions to share their experiences
Authors: Peach Emily 
Published: May 2021

AbstractResearch exploring the literacy practices of diverse participants is integral to developing our understanding of literacy. Diverse groups of participants, for example participants with mental health conditions, bring specific ethical considerations and methodological challenges. This paper presents the use of Skype to research literacy practices through qualitative interviews as a solution to such methodological challenges, focussing this discussion on a research project into the mental health literacy practices of students. The ethical concerns of working with participants with mental health conditions are discussed, particularly issues with confidentiality and safety which mean that interviews in both public and private locations could be inappropriate. This paper argues that using Skype allows both participants and researcher to be in private but separate locations, reducing barriers to participation for participants with mental health conditions and minimising the intrusion and anxiety of qualitative interviews. Vignettes from research into the literacy practices of students with mental health conditions are presented to show that using video calling to research literacy practices allows researchers to learn more about participants' literacy practices and the role these practices play in their lives, whilst maintaining comfort and ease for participants.
Small‐scale macrobenthic community structure along asymmetrical sand waves in an underwater seascape
Authors: Cheng Chiu H. , Borsje Bas W. , Beauchard Olivier , O'Flynn Sarah , Ysebaert Tom , Soetaert Karline 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSand waves are dynamic and regular bedforms that are ubiquitous in sandy shelf seas. However, information about the ecological characteristics (e.g., benthic community structure) and their spatial variability within these habitats is very limited. To address this knowledge gap, we undertook a field campaign in summer 2017 to investigate the macrofaunal community composition of a sand wave area off Texel (Dutch part of the North Sea). Sand waves in this area were asymmetrical, with longer gentle slopes that were approximately double in length to the shorter steep slopes. The benthic distribution along the different parts of these sand waves was assessed by collecting a large number of box cores within a transect line (~1 km). We show considerable variability in the individual, biomass and taxon densities, which were all significantly higher on the steeper slopes of the sand waves. These results are consistent with the trends observed in both the abiotic parameters and video analysis that were measured in two recent studies at the same study area. Our results provide valuable insight into the small‐scale patterns of variability in asymmetrical dynamic bedform environments, where gentle slopes seem to be primarily controlled by physical forces, while steep slopes are more under biotic control.
A super‐refractory inclusion containing nonstoichiometric spinel from the CO3.0 chondrite Yamato 81020
Authors: Yurimoto Hisayoshi , Rubin Alan E. , Itoh Shoichi , Wasson John T. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe studied a unique super‐refractory inclusion with a core‐mantle structure from CO3.0 Yamato 81020 by secondary ion mass spectrometry, electron microprobe, and scanning electron microscope techniques. The core consists largely of hibonite and nonstoichiometric Al‐rich spinel indicating formation as a liquid at an exceptionally high temperature (>1900 °C). The mantle consists almost entirely of melilite with gehlenitic compositions (ranging from Åk2 to Åk25). The oxygen‐ and magnesium‐isotopic compositions of the core and mantle are very different; typically, Δ17O (≡δ17O − 0.52 δ18O) ~–26‰ and ƒMg (mass fractionation of Mg isotopes) ~10‰/amu in the core and Δ17O ~–7‰ and ƒMg ~1‰/amu in most of the mantle. The chemical and O, Mg‐isotopic data indicate that the core and mantle formed in separate events, and that the melilite now in the core was formed during the mantle‐melting event, probably filling preexisting voids and surficial cavities. Analyses of core and mantle phases plot along a single 26Al‐26Mg isochron with initial (26Al/27Al)0 corresponding to 4.8 ± 1.0 (±2σ) × 10–5, suggesting a similar formation age to normal CAIs in chondrites.
Morphological simplification of asphaltic mixture components for micromechanical simulation using finite element method
Authors: Jin Can , Zhang Wuxing , Liu Pengfei , Yang Xu , Oeser Markus 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn micromechanical simulations of asphalt mixtures, complex shapes of asphalt mortar and coarse aggregates require numerous elements in the finite element (FE) representation. This makes simulation time‐consuming with a high risk of failure. To conduct simulations with acceptable accuracy and low computational cost, an approach is proposed to simplify the geometry of mixture microstructures with error assessment due to simplification. The methodology comprises four main steps, as follows: (1) coarse aggregates in a specimen are three‐dimensionally reconstructed to conduct surface triangulation; (2) surface triangles are then clustered with a predefined fitting accuracy using the least square method; (3) coarse aggregates are simplified as polyhedrons based on triangle clusters, and the asphalt mortar is then reconstructed using Boolean operations; and (4) the simulation error caused by simplification is assessed based on FE interpolation theory to ensure the reliability of the simulation. Two samples were prepared and then reconstructed for the simulation of a cyclic indirect tensile test. The volume difference for more than 95% aggregates was less than 5% for the two specimens. The difference of stress and strain curves of original and simplified models of the two specimens ranged from 2% to 4%, which indicates that the simulation solutions of the simplified and original microstructures were very close. Furthermore, computational time was significantly reduced due to the simplification of the aggregates. This method facilitates the reliable and highly efficient simulation of asphalt mixtures using the FE method.