bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF SONIC HEDGEHOG IN PROTECTIVE FROM OX-LDL-INDUCED ENDOTHELIAL APOPTOSIS
Authors: Xue Yan , Huang Huashan , Yu Huizhen , Lin Liang , Chen Junming , Zhu Pengli 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objective:
Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is of pivotal importance to embryonic and adult blood vessels development and homeostasis. The aim of our study is to further investigate the role of Shh in oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) medicated endothelium damage and apoptosis.

Design and method:
Western immunoblots were assessed to the protein expression of hedgehog component, Bcl-2 and caspase 3 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) induced by ox-LDL. The flow cytometry of FITC Annexin V/PI and caspase 3 activity kit were used to determine cell apoptosis.

Results:
Our study found that ox-LDL can induce the apoptosis of HUVECs in vitro and the protein expression of Shh was down regulated. Furthermore, retreatment with rShh or transfection with phShh can increase the anti-apoptosis protein Bcl-2 expression and decrease cell apoptosis. These protection effects of rShh or phShh could be abolished by cyclopamine, which is a hedgehog signaling inhibitor. Moreover, we performed co-immunoprecipitation assay to demonstrate that Shh interacted with nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB)p65 in HUVECs. Additionally, ox-LDL upregulated the phosphorylation of NF-kBp65 and inhibitor-kB -a (IkBa), and these effects lessened notably after rShh and phShh treatment.

Conclusions:
Our findings suggest that Shh plays an important protective role in alleviating ox-LDL-mediated endothelial apoptosis by inhibiting NF-kB signaling pathway and controlling mitochondrial signaling.
EFFECT OF CHOLECALCIFEROL ON PULSE WAVE VELOCITY IN WOMEN WITH ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION IN PREMENOPAUSAL AND EARLY POSTMENOPAUSAL PERIODS
Authors: Kezhun Liudmila 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objective:
Aim: To assess effect of cholecalciferol on pulse wave velocity (PWV) in women with arterial hypertension (AH) in premenopausal and early postmenopausal periods who received 25 (OH)D supplementation.

Design and method:
Materials and methods: We investigated 102 women with AH stage II risk 3 aged 50 (48; 53) years: 50 females in premenopausal period – group I and 52 females in early postmenopausal period – group II. Serum level of 25 (OH)D was determined by the immunoenzymatic assay. In groups I and II we identified subgroups with the level of 25 (OH)D < 30ng/ml: subgroup IB (n = 25) and subgroup IIB (n = 21) respectively, in which antihypertensive therapy was supplemented with cholecalciferol 2,000 IU/day for 3 months. In subgroups IA (n = 25) and IIA (n = 31) cholecalciferol was not administered. The PWV was determined by assessing the elastic properties of blood vessels using computer rheovasography. Statistical analysis was performed by means of «STATISTICA 10.0».

Results:
Results: At baseline the level of 25 (OH)D was lower (p < 0,05) in subgroups IB (19,3 ± 8,5ng/ml) and IIB (18,2 ± 9,5ng/ml) than in the comparable subgroups IA (26,7 ± 11,5ng/ml) and IIA (27,4 ± 10,5ng/ml). After supplementation the level of 25 (OH)D increased (p < 0,001) in subgroup IB (37,28 ± 11,97ng/ml) and in subgroup IIB (36,4 ± 10,0ng/ml), and became higher (p < 0,001) than in the comparable subgroups I and IIA. At baseline subgroups IA and IB, IIA and IIB did not differ (p > 0,05) by PWV. Following the therapy PWV decreased (p < 0,01) in all groups.
However, the PWV was significantly lower (p < 0,05) in subgroups IB (3,7 (3,1;4,3) m/s) and IIB (4,1 (3,6; 4,5) m/s) than in the comparable subgroups IA (4,2 (3,6; 5,2)m/s) and IIA (4,8 (4,0;5,6) m/s), correspondingly.

Conclusions:
Conclusion: Correction of 25 (OH)D level by intake of cholecalciferol 2000 IU/day for 3 months leads to reduction of PWV in women with AH.
ASSOCIATION OF BLOOD PRESSURE WITH ALBUMINURIA AND LEFT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY IN YOUNG, MIDDLE AND OLDER AGE GROUPS OF PATIENTS
Authors: Zhang Wei , Liu Chang-Yuan , Ji Li-Nong , Wang Ji-Guang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objective:
We investigated the association of blood pressure with albuminuria and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in young, middle and older age groups of patients.

Design and method:
Our study participants were treated patients with hypertension or diabetes, enrolled in a China nationwide registry. The 2510 patients were classified into young (<45 years, n = 345), middle (45–65 years, n = 1383) and older (>65 years, n = 782) age groups. Clinic blood pressure was measured three times consecutively on each of the two planned clinic visits. These six readings were averaged for statistical analysis. Albuminuria was defined as a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio of > 30 mg/g. LVH was assessed by the electrocardiogram (ECG) Cornell product method.

Results:
The prevalence of albuminuria and ECG-LVH was 17.8% and 3.7%, respectively, in all patients and 18.1% and 4.2%, respectively, in 2026 (80.7%) patients on antihypertensive medication. The mean (±SD) systolic/diastolic blood pressure was 132.0 ± 16.5/85.2 ± 11.9 mmHg, 136.8 ± 17.9/81.7 ± 11.2 mmHg, and 139.8 ± 16.7/75.8 ± 10.4 mmHg in young, middle and older age groups. In the young age group, the prevalence of albuminuria increased from 8.8% in blood pressure < 120/80 mmHg to 14.6%, 16.0% and 16.5% in blood pressure at 120–130/80–85, 130–140/85–90 and > 140/90 mmHg. The corresponding values were 8.9%, 7.0%, 18.1% and 22.2%, respectively, in the middle age group, and 21.2%, 15.5%, 16.4% and 24.4%, respectively, in the older age group. The prevalence of ECG-LVH was slightly but non-significantly (P for trend > 0.09) higher with increasing blood pressure similarly in all age groups.

Conclusions:
The relationship between blood pressure and organ damage seems to be age-dependent for albuminuria but not ECG-LVH.
BODY MASS INDEX IS DIFFERENTLY ASSOCIATED WITH ISOLATED DIASTOLIC HYPERTENSION AND ISOLATED SYSTOLIC HYPERTENSION: INSIGHTS FROM THE UPDATE STUDY IN CHINA
Authors: Xie Kun , Bao Liwen , Gao Xiufang , Li Yong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objective:
Hypertension is highly prevalent and body mass index (BMI) is one of the risk factors of hypertension. But little is known whether BMI is differently associated with isolated diastolic hypertension (IDH) and isolated systolic hypertension (ISH).

Design and method:
Patients with primary hypertension aged over 18 years were investigated from all over the country using convenience sampling during 2017–2019. IDH was defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) < 140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) > = 90 mmHg with or without antihypertensive agents. ISH was defined as SBP > = 140 mmHg and DBP < 90mmHg with or without antihypertensive agents. Elevated BMI was defined as BMI > = 25 kg/m2.

Results:
Totally 8548 patients were screened. 73 of them were excluded due to missing covariates and 8475 participants were included. The average age was 63.67 ± 12.78 years and male accounted for 54.4%. 18.5% of them had a smoking history and 89.4% of them were using antihypertensive agents. Among them, 361 (4.3%) had IDH and 2096 (24.7%) had ISH. Patients with IDH were younger than those with ISH (54.84 ± 13.21 vs 66.87 ± 12.09, p < 0.001). Male accounted for more in IDH than in ISH (64.5% vs 50.7%, p < 0.001). BMI in IDH was higher than that in ISH (26.47 ± 6.53 vs 24.70 ± 3.77, p < 0.001). More patients had smoking history in IDH than in ISH (27.4% vs 17.1%, p < 0.001). Fewer patients were using antihypertensive agents in IDH than in ISH (82.0% vs 88.4%, p = 0.001). After adjusting for age, gender, smoking history and antihypertensive agents, multi-variate logistic analysis showed that elevated BMI remained significantly associated with the prevalence of IDH (OR = 1.30, 95% CI 1.05–1.61, p = 0.018) whereas no association was found in elevated BMI and ISH (OR = 1.05, 95% CI 0.95–1.16, p = 0.358).

Conclusions:
BMI was associated with the prevalence of IDH rather than ISH. Patients with elevated BMI were more likely to have IDH. BMI management could be particularly effective in IDH management.
FEASIBILITY OF HYPERTENSION AWARENESS AND CONTROL IN SWISS PHARMACIES DURING THE MMM17 CAMPAIGN
Authors: Polychronopoulou E. , Razafinjatovo C. , Tremblay S. , Wurzner A. , Ménétré G. , Burnier M. , Wuerzner G. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objective:
May Measurement Month 2017 was an international screening campaign for hypertension organized by the International Society of Hypertension and the World Hypertension League conducted worldwide on adults over 18 years old. In Switzerland, the campaign was conducted almost exclusively in pharmacies. The objective was to assess the feasibility of a hypertension screening program in pharmacies.

Design and method:
40 pharmacies in the Canton of Vaud included participants from the 1st to the 31st May 2017. After obtaining written informed consent, three standardized blood pressure measurements using validated oscillometric devices were taken. A short questionnaire for basic demographic and clinical information was then completed. The BP results and the answers to the aforementioned questionnaire were directly uploaded to a safe data server via on online application. Descriptive statistics and chi-squared tests were used.

Results:
1045 participants (73.4% women, p < 0.05) were included in the study. Mean age and body mass index were respectively 48.5 ± 18.7years and 24.5 ± 4.5 kg/m2. The overall prevalence of hypertension was 28.5% using ESH2018 cut-off values for hypertension values and 50.7% using AHA2017 cut-off values. The prevalence was higher in men (42.5 vs 23.5%, p < 0.05 with ESH2018 and 70.5% vs 43.6% with AHA2017). Out of 298 hypertensive participants, 178 were treated and 120 (40.3%) were not treated. Uncontrolled hypertension was present in 36.0% of treated hypertensive participants (no difference between men and women). Systolic blood pressure decreased from the first to the second measurement (124 to 122 mm Hg, p < 0.05) and from the second to the third measurement (122 to 120 mm Hg, p < 0.05). No difference was observed for diastolic blood pressure.

Conclusions:
Screening program in pharmacies is feasible and enables the identification of untreated or unaware hypertensive patients (13.8%). Women are more likely to participate to hypertension screening programs in pharmacies.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN QUALITY OF SLEEP AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF HYPERTENSION IN NORMOTENSIVE SUBJECTS
Authors: Takase Hiroyuki , Machii Masashi , Nonaka Daishi , Ohno Kazuto , Takayama Shin , Sugiura Tomonori , Ohte Nobuyuki , Dohi Yasuaki 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objective:
Although there are many reports on the relationship between sleep time and hypertension, definite conclusions have not been drawn yet. On the other hand, an influence of the feeling of satisfaction about the sleep on the incidence of hypertension remains unknown. We investigated effects of a sleep time and a feeling of satisfaction of sleep on the development of hypertension.

Design and method:
Normotensive 2162 subjects (male = 1316, 44.7 ± 8.0 year-old at baseline), who visited our hospital for a physical check-up between 2008 and 2015, were enrolled. Quality of sleep (satisfied or not satisfied) and sleep time (<6 hours or > = 6 hours) were assessed by a questionnaire. They were followed up until December 2016 (median 1540 day) with the endpoint being the development of hypertension. Hypertension was defined as blood pressure > = 140/90mmHg or the use of antihypertensive medications.

Results:
During the follow-up, hypertension developed in 846 subjects (42.0 per 1000 person-year), with the incidence being more frequent in male than female subjects (52.3 vs. 24.9 per 1000 person-year). The incident hypertension was higher in subjects who were satisfied with their sleep than those who were not (48.3 vs. 32.5 per 1000 person-year). Multivariate Cox-hazard analysis adjusted for possible risk factors revealed that feeling of satisfaction (hazard ratio [HR]:1.395, 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.120–1.738), but not the duration of sleep, was associated with the development of hypertension. Among subjects who feel their sleep time sufficient, HR (95%CI) was 1.921 (1.225–3.011) in subjects with a sleep time > = 6 hours and 1.387 (1.087–1.770) in those with a sleep time < 6 hours.

Conclusions:
A feeling of satisfaction of sleep rather than a sleep time may be an important factor that leads to the development of hypertension though the results should be interpreted with a caution because data on sleeping status were obtained from questionnaire. Further investigation is necessary to clarify the mechanism underlying the association between the development of hypertension and satisfaction of sleep.
BLOOD PRESSURE AND CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE INCIDENCE STRATIFIED BY SEX AND THE USE OF ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUGS
Authors: Satoh Michihiro , Hirose Takuo , Nakayama Shingo , Murakami Takahisa , Takabatake Kyosuke , Asayama Kei , Imai Yutaka , Ohkubo Takayoshi , Mori Takefumi , Metoki Hirohito 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objective:
The individuals treated by antihypertensive drugs potentially have a higher cardiovascular disease risk than those without the use of antihypertensive drugs regardless of blood pressure (BP) levels. However, the amount of increase in the risk for chronic kidney disease (CKD) incidence in treated individuals compared with untreated individuals with the same BP level is yet to be assessed. Furthermore, detailed information on sex-difference in the association of BP with CKD risk is scarce. To assess the association between BP and the risk for CKD incidence after the stratification by sex and the use of antihypertensive drugs, the present study involved a longitudinal analysis based on multiple measurements of serum creatinine from a large-scale health check-up.

Design and method:
We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the JMDC database, which contains the annual health check-up data of Japanese employees and their dependents aged < 75 years. We included 154,692 participants (men: 69.68%; mean age 44.74) without CKD, which was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2 or proteinuria.

Results:
During the mean follow-up period of 4.78 years, new onset of CKD occurred in 14,888 participants. When the normal BP group (systolic/diastolic BP < 120/ < 80 mmHg) without treatment was used as a reference, the hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of high BP (130–139/80–89 mmHg) and grade 1 (140–159/90–99 mmHg) and grade 2–3 hypertension (> = 160–179/ > = 100 mmHg) were 1.11 (1.06–1.56), 1.36 (1.28–1.45), and 1.76 (1.56–1.99) for untreated participants, respectively. However, in treated men, even normal BP was associated with a 1.5-times higher risk for CKD. The results were similar in women except for the hazard ratios of normal and high normal BP in treated women, which were 0.98 and 0.95, respectively.

Conclusions:
Treated individuals had higher risk for CKD incidence and sex differences existed in the association of BP with CKD risk in the present study. Kidney function in treated individuals should be followed carefully, especially in men.
ETHNIC DIFFERENCES IN THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN HANDGRIP STRENGTH AND THE PREVALENCE OF HYPERTENSION
Authors: Lopez-Lopez Jose Patricio , Ney-Salazar Daniela , Parra-Gomez Laura Alejandra , Camacho Paul Anthony , Rangarajan Sumathy , Yusuf Salim , Lopez-Jaramillo Patricio 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objective:
Higher prevalence of hypertension among afro-descendants compared to other ethnic groups has been reported in high-income countries. Genetic, behavioral, and socioeconomic factors could explain these differences, and body composition could contribute. This study aims to assess the association between handgrip strength (HGS) and hypertension in different ethnicities in a middle-income country. We additionally evaluated the role of socioeconomic and behavioral factors to explain ethnic differences.

Design and method:
We evaluated the association between HGS measured by Jamar Dynamometer and the risk hypertension in 4102 adults aged 35 to 70 years from 3 ethnic groups (593 whites, 3001 mestizos, 508 afro-descendants) enrolled in the prospective population-based cohort study PURE-Colombia. We calculated unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) for the prevalence of hypertension across tertiles of HGS and the association with anthropometric, socioeconomic, and behavioral factors.

Results:
Results: The overall prevalence of hypertension was 39.2%, being greater in the afro-descendants (46.3%) than in whites (41.5%) and mestizos (37.6%). A higher prevalence of hypertension was found in mestizos and afro-descendants in tertile 1 of HGS (< 21 kg) compared to those in tertile 3 of HGS (> 29.7 kg) (OR = 1.48; 95% CI: 1.20 - 1.84 and OR = 1.70; 95% IC: 1.01 – 2.85, respectively). However, when adjusting by confounders, the association lost statistical significance. The prevalence of hypertension was positively associated with body mass index and waist circumference. There was a higher prevalence amongst individuals with a low educational level compared to those with a high educational level in whites (OR = 1.74; 95% CI: 1.08 - 2.78), mestizos (OR = 1.5 95% CI: 1.13 - 2.01), and afro-descendants (OR = 2.46; 95% CI: 1.11 - 5.45). Behavioral factors, such as alcohol and tobacco intake, protein, and fat consumption, were not associated with a higher prevalence of hypertension.

Conclusions:
HGS could partially contribute to explaining ethnic differences in the prevalence of hypertension. However, socioeconomic factors such as education level play a key role. Therefore, a greater focus on screening for low HGS, interventions aimed at attenuating age-related declines, and addressing social inequalities could positively impact these differences.
TRENDS IN STATUS OF HYPERTENSION IN SOUTH CHINA: RESULTS FROM TWO REPRESENTATIVE CROSS-SECTIONAL SURVEYS, 2012-2017
Authors: Liu Lin , Huang Yuqing , Huang Jiayi , Yu Yuling , Chen Chaolei , Shen Geng , Feng Yingqing 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objective:
This study aims to investigate the long-term natural trends in the status of hypertension in south China from 2012–2017.

Design and method:
Two successive cross-sectional surveys were conducted in Guangdong Province in 2012 and 2017, which include 10970 and 36376 participants aged 35 to 75 from different area, respectively. A multistage, stratified and cluster random sampling method was used to enroll the participants. Hypertension was defined as a mean systolic blood pressure at least 140mmHg and/or a mean diastolic blood pressure at least 90 mmHg, and/or self-reported use of antihypertensive medication within past 2 weeks, according to the 2010 Chinese guidelines for the management of Hypertension. The prevalence and control rates of hypertension were also estimated according to the 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) high blood pressure guideline.

Results:
In 2012, 39.3% participants had hypertension, whereas 37.6% participants had hypertension in 2017. The age-standardized prevalence was 34.7% [95% confidence interval (CI): 34.1–35.2] and 31.9% (95% CI: 31.6–32.2) in 2012 and 2017, respectively. The prevalence of prehypertension decreased from 14.5 to 13.1% from 2012 to 2017. Over the two study periods, 45.6 and 51.2% of those with hypertension were aware of their diagnosis in 2012 and 2017, respectively, and 40.8 and 44.9% were taking antihypertensive medications, respectively; the control rates increase from 15.1 to 17.0% and among those who received medical treatment 36.9 and 37.9% achieved control of BP, respectively. Based on the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline, prevalence of hypertension was 64.5% in 2012 and 59.1% in 2017. The control rate increased from 3.0 to 4.4% during this period. And among participants who received medical treatment, only 12.2 and 15.2% of participants achieve the target of hypertensive management in 2012 and 2017, respectively.

Conclusions:
During 2012 to 2017, the prevalence of hypertension in South China trended to be stable, and the rate of awareness, treatment and control increased but still low.
TEN YEARS TREND OF HYPERTENSION AWARENESS, TREATMENT, AND CONTROL RATE IN KOREA
Authors: Kim Kwang Il , Choi Jungyeon , Kim Cheol-Ho 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objective:
We analyzed the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) database to determine the trend of hypertension awareness, treatment, and control rate in Korea during the last 10 years. In addition, we tried to investigate the effect of chronic medical conditions such as diabetes mellitus, obesity, hypercholesterolemia, and chronic kidney disease on hypertension management.

Design and method:
The KNHANES, which was conducted by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, was a cross-sectional, nationally representative survey in which a stratified multistage sampling design was used.

Results:
A total of 59,282 adults older than 20 years were included in the analysis. Mean age was 50.7 ± 16.4 years and male subjects were 42.6%. The prevalence of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus, obesity, and chronic kidney disease (CKD) were significantly increased during the last 10 years. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, obesity, and CKD was significantly higher in the hypertensive patients compared to normotensive subjects. Especially, there was a clustering of those cardiovascular risk factors, which was more prominent as people get older. During the last 10 years, the awareness, treatment, and control rate of hypertension have been significantly improved. The treatment and control rates of hypertension was higher in patients having multimorbidity, which imply the multimorbidity have a favorable effect on the treatment and control of hypertension in Korean population.

Conclusions:
Hypertension treatment, control rate have been improved during the last 10 years. Higher rate of awareness, treatment and control rate of hypertension in patients having multimorbidity suggest that more aggressive surveillance or treatment for the multimorbid hypertensive patients might be associated with the improvement of hypertension treatment and control rate in Korea.
THE EFFECTS OF MIDDAY NAP DURATION ON THE RISK OF HYPERTENSION IN CHINESE RURAL POPULATION
Authors: Huang Miao , Lu Yao , Yuan Hong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objective:
Most previous epidemiological studies regarding sleep and risk of hypertension focused on the association between night sleep duration and hypertension. However, data on the effect of midday nap duration on hypertension are scarce, especially among rural population. The study was conducted to evaluate the associations of the midday nap duration with blood pressure and hypertension in Chinese rural population.

Design and method:
From August 2016 to July 2017, a total of 1755 eligible participants were consecutively enrolled in our study in Hunan province, China. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure/diastolic blood pressure > = 140/90mmHg or self-reported hypertension and current use of anti-hypertensive medicines. Participants were categorized into three groups according to midday nap duration, such as no napping (reference), short (<1 h), and long (> = 1 h). Multivariable regression models were applied to assess the potential association.

Results:
Of the 1755 included participants, 908 suffered from hypertension. Participants’ mean age was 55.86 years. 638 (36.35%) were men and 1117 (63.65%) were women. Compared to reference (no napping), fully adjusted odd ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of hypertension were 0.72 (0.57–0.92) in participants with long midday napping duration (> = 1 h). Linear regression analyses showed that long midday nap duration (b = -2.78, 95% CI: -4.89, -0.67, P = 0.010) were significantly negative association with systolic blood pressure.

Conclusions:
Our findings suggest that long midday nap duration might decrease the risk of hypertension and reduce the levels of systolic blood pressure among rural population. These findings warrant further prospective studies in a larger population.