bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spontaneously Generated Online Patient Experience of Modafinil: A Qualitative and NLP Analysis
Authors: Walsh Julia , Cave Jonathan , Griffiths Frances 
Published: February 2021

Objective: To compare the findings from a qualitative and a natural language processing (NLP) based analysis of online patient experience posts on patient experience of the effectiveness and impact of the drug Modafinil.Methods: Posts (n = 260) from 5 online social media platforms where posts were publicly available formed the dataset/corpus. Three platforms asked posters to give a numerical rating of Modafinil. Thematic analysis: data was coded and themes generated. Data were categorized into PreModafinil, Acquisition, Dosage, and PostModafinil and compared to identify each poster's own view of whether taking Modafinil was linked to an identifiable outcome. We classified this as positive, mixed, negative, or neutral and compared this with numerical ratings. NLP: Corpus text was speech tagged and keywords and key terms extracted. We identified the following entities: drug names, condition names, symptoms, actions, and side-effects. We searched for simple relationships, collocations, and co-occurrences of entities. To identify causal text, we split the corpus into PreModafinil and PostModafinil and used n-gram analysis. To evaluate sentiment, we calculated the polarity of each post between −1 (negative) and +1 (positive). NLP results were mapped to qualitative results.Results: Posters had used Modafinil for 33 different primary conditions. Eight themes were identified: the reason for taking (condition or symptom), impact of symptoms, acquisition, dosage, side effects, other interventions tried or compared to, effectiveness of Modafinil, and quality of life outcomes. Posters reported perceived effectiveness as follows: 68% positive, 12% mixed, 18% negative. Our classification was consistent with poster ratings. Of the most frequent 100 keywords/keyterms identified by term extraction 88/100 keywords and 84/100 keyterms mapped directly to the eight themes. Seven keyterms indicated negation and temporal states. Sentiment was as follows 72% positive sentiment 4% neutral 24% negative. Matching of sentiment between the qualitative and NLP methods was accurate in 64.2% of posts. If we allow for one category difference matching was accurate in 85% of posts.Conclusions: User generated patient experience is a rich resource for evaluating real world effectiveness, understanding patient perspectives, and identifying research gaps. Both methods successfully identified the entities and topics contained in the posts. In contrast to current evidence, posters with a wide range of other conditions found Modafinil effective. Perceived causality and effectiveness were identified by both methods demonstrating the potential to augment existing knowledge.
Deriving Centimeter-Level Coseismic Deformation and Fault Geometries of Small-To-Moderate Earthquakes From Time-Series Sentinel-1 SAR Images
Authors: Luo Heng , Wang Teng , Wei Shengji , Liao Mingsheng , Gong Jianya 
Published: February 2021

Small-to-moderate earthquakes (e.g. ≤Mw5.5) occur much more frequently than large ones (e.g. &gt;Mw6.0), yet are difficult to study with InSAR due to their weak surface deformation that are severely contaminated by atmospheric delays. Here we propose a stacking method using time-series SAR images that can effectively suppress atmospheric phase screens and extract weak coseismic deformation in centimeter to sub-centimeter level. Using this method, we successfully derive coseismic surface deformations for three small-to-moderate (Mw∼5) earthquakes in Tibet Plateau and Tienshan region from time-series Sentinel-1 SAR images, with peak line-of-sight deformation ranging from 5–6 mm to 13 mm. We also propose a strategy to downsample interferograms with weak deformation signal based on quadtree mesh obtained from preliminary slip model. With the downsampled datasets, we invert for the centroid locations, fault geometries and slips of these events. Our results demonstrate the potential of using time-series InSAR images to enrich earthquake catalog with geodetic observations for further study of earthquake cycle and active tectonics.
Which patients miss appointments with general practice and the reasons why: a systematic review
Authors: Parsons Joanne , Bryce Carol , Atherton Helen 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundMissed GP appointments have considerable time and cost implications for healthcare services.AimThis systematic review aims to explore the rate of missed primary care appointments, what the reported reasons are for appointments being missed, and which patients are more likely to miss appointments.Design and settingThis study reports the findings of a systematic review. The included studies report the rate or reasons of missed appointments in a primary care setting.MethodDatabases were searched using a pre-defined search strategy. Eligible studies were selected for inclusion based on detailed inclusion criteria through title, abstract, and full text screening. Quality was assessed on all included studies, and findings were synthesised to answer the research questions.ResultsA total of 26 studies met the inclusion criteria for the review. Of these, 19 reported a rate of missed appointments. The mean rate of missed appointments was 15.2%, with a median of 12.9%. Twelve studies reported a reason that appointments were missed, with work or family/childcare commitments, forgetting the appointment, and transportation difficulties most commonly reported. In all, 20 studies reported characteristics of people likely to miss appointments. Patients who were likely to miss appointments were those from minority ethnicity, low sociodemographic status, and younger patients (<21 years).ConclusionFindings from this review have potential implications for targeted interventions to address missed appointments in primary care. This is the first step for clinicians to be able to target interventions to reduce the rate of missed appointments.
Statistical Analysis of the Dynamics of Performance Indicators of Russian Universities
Authors: Melikyan A. V. 
Published: February 2021

The article presents the results of a study based on statistical methods for analyzing trends in the Russian higher education system over the ﬁve-year period preceding the global crisis provoked by the coronavirus pandemic COVID-19. This study is one of the ﬁrst attempts at a large-scale analysis of the growth rates of the performance indicators of universities in recent years. Its results, according to the author, make it possible to form both a general picture of changes in Russian higher education and a detailed picture for individual groups of universities.The author has analyzed the dynamics of six indicators of the activity of organizations of higher professional education (535 universities from 80 constituent entities of the Russian Federation): the passing score of the Uniﬁed State Examination (USE), the qualiﬁcations of academic staff, their publication activity, the internationalization of the student body, the proﬁtability of activities and the provision of educational and laboratory premises. Trends in the change in the values of these indicators are revealed depending on the form of ownership, specialization and status of the university.It was found that, in general, the average values of the indicators for ﬁve years increased: the passing score of the USE - by 5%; the share of the teaching staff with an academic degree in the total number of teaching staff - by 5%; the number of publications per one scientiﬁc and pedagogical worker (SPW) - 2.2 times; the share of foreign students in the total number of students - 1.5 times; proﬁtability of activities - 1.3 times; the total area of educational and laboratory premises - by 8%.At the same time, in non-state universities, the USE passing score has decreased, and they lag behind state universities in terms of growth in the publication activity of the teaching staff and the internationalization of the student body. However, their results are higher in terms of the growth of proﬁtability of activities and provision of educational and laboratory premises.Specialized universities have achieved an increase in the indicators of the publication activity of academic staff and the internationalization of the student body. Among the negative trends, a decrease in the passing score of the USE in medical universities, as well as in the equipment of teaching and laboratory facilities of medical and sports universities, was revealed.The highest growth in the publication activity of SPW was observed in national research universities (24.5%), and in the internationalization of the student body - in federal universities (33.3%).Changes in the operating conditions of universities during a pandemic are likely to have an ambiguous effect on the analyzed indicators in subsequent periods. For their adequate assessment, it may be necessary to adjust the methodology for calculating indicators of the activity of higher education institutions, taking into account their intensive use of distance learning technologies.
On the Global International Comparison of GDP for Reference Year 2017
Authors: Ivanov Yu. N. , Khomenko T. A. 
Published: February 2021

The article outlines main results of global international comparison of GDP on purchasing power parities (PPPs) for 2017 published by the World Bank in July 2020. This comparison is the project of international statistics, which secures unique data on the world economy, on the place of countries in the world and regional economies, on standards of living in different countries, on differences between purchasing power parities and exchange rates, and so forth. These data are of interest to the government in relation to the development of economic policy. This comparison required collaboration between the World Bank as the overall project coordinator, regional coordinators and statistical offices producing baseline data on GDP in national currency.In the body of the article, the authors consistently consider the following issues: the basic methodology used in the International Comparison Program, main ﬁndings, limitations and the degree of reliability of the results of the international global comparisons. In this context issues of methodology of comparison and features of direct binary and multilateral comparisons are considered, in particular the formula for the computation of PPPs, which ensures transitivity (mutual consistency of results).The article concludes by emphasizing the multifaceted tasks of the International Comparison Program based on purchasing power parities, led by the World Bank.
Geography and Statistics: On the Anniversary of the Russian Geographical Society
Authors: Zavarina E. S. 
Published: February 2021

The article is dedicated to the anniversary of the Russian Geographical Society (RGS), primarily to the interaction between geography and statistics. The author examined in detail the evolution and stages of this interaction, noting that since its foundation, despite all the political storms, the Society has not ceased its activities, preserved continuity and traditions established by its founders.The article opens with the analysis of the historical background and economic prerequisites for the foundation of geographical societies worldwide. The author gives a detailed account of the founding history of the Russian Geographical Society (following in the footsteps of France, Germany and England), focusing on trials and tribulations that accompanied the foundation and naming of the Society. The author provides biographical information on statesmen and scholars who are founders and organizers of the RGS, describes the functions speciﬁed in the Charter. One of the four branches in the structure of the RGS was the department «Statistics», which allowed the author in the following sections to consider the interaction between statistics and geography.A separate section of the article addresses the historical relationship between geography and statistics, which has resulted in the development of a methodological and analytical tool for management decision-making on social and economic development of countries and regions. The article also describes a new direction of scientiﬁc activity in the world «Regional science», combining a multitude of sciences into its research, including statistics, economic geography and demography. In conclusion, in the twentieth century, statistics and geography were within the same scientiﬁc discipline, complementing and enriching one another and giving an impetus to social development.The article concludes with information on the celebration of the 175th anniversary of the Russian Geographical Society in the Russian Federation and prospects for the development of a modern public organization.
La Mediación como solución de conflictos en el sistema escolar de la unidad educativa Babahoyo
Authors: Del Pozo-Franco Patty , Lynch-Becilla Kevin Marcos 
Published: February 2021

La investigación tiene como objetivo analizar la eficacia de la Ley de Arbitraje y Mediación, en el sistema escolar de Unidad Educativa Babahoyo(UEB). Se desarrolló bajo el enfoque cuantitativo de tipo descriptiva, de campo no experimental, teniendo como población los miembros de la comunidad educativa de Babahoyo, se aplicó el procedimiento de muestreo aleatorio esterificado por afijación proporcional obteniendo lo siguiente: estudiantes 494, padres de familia 466, docentes 22 y administrativo 2, constituyendo así la muestra, a los cuales se procedió a aplicar la encuesta conformada por un cuestionario de 10 preguntas, se eligió como técnica el análisis documental y la encuesta. Se sugiere que, para la promoción de un ambiente favorable en la unidad educativa, se bebe divulgar una adecuada interpretación del alcance del Artículo 52 de la Ley de Arbitraje y Mediación, así como promover su modificación y creación de un centro de mediación.
Gobiernos autónomos descentralizados del Ecuador
Authors: Cruz-Piza Iyo Alexis , Montoya-Tello Manuel Olmedo , Quishpi-Rodríguez Julio Cesar 
Published: February 2021

En el presente trabajo investigativo se realiza un análisis sobre el contenido del Código Orgánico de Organización Territorial, Autonomía y Descentralización, registro oficial 303 de 19 de oct-2010; aprobada por la Asamblea Nacional de Ecuador. En función de lo planteado, se realizó un escrutinio de contenido de los mensajes emitidos por medio de normativas, leyes, y datos, donde se refleja la descentralización y funcionamiento de los gobiernos autónomos en el Ecuador. Los resultados demuestran la importancia de esta Ley, pero también las necesidades de su correcta implementación. La investigación es de tipo documental, ya que se concreta exclusivamente en la recopilación de información en diversas fuentes. Acompañada del diseño bibliográfico fundamentado en la revisión ordenada y profunda de material documental de revistas, tesis, leyes, normas e informes. Se concluye que la reforma institucional del Estado; realizada mediante la desconcentración y descentralización, debe ser considerado como un derecho fundamental y un deber, garantizando así la democracia.
La reparación Integral en marco doctrinario-legal y su situación en el Ecuador
Authors: Ayala-Ayala Luis Ramiro , Guamán-Anilema Juan Carlos , Paredes-Moreno Marcelo Emilio 
Published: February 2021

La presente investigación aborda una conceptualización doctrinal acerca de la reparación integral, sus mecanismos y la realidad de esta figura jurídica en Ecuador. El objetivo general de la misma es identificar los mecanismos que propende esta figura jurídica de reparación y establecer cuál es la realidad en Ecuador. Se fundamentó en el paradigma cuantitativo, tipo documental bibliográfico, por otro lado, el método específico aplicado a la investigación es el analítico-sintético, en forma de redacción; la que es captada, analizada, procesada y descrita, utilizando juicios de valor y exposición. La técnica fue la de análisis de documentos. Se concluye que la situación real de esta figura jurídica en muchos casos no se cumple, ya que estas medidas si se implementan dentro de sentencias, al momento de su ejecución no se cumplen, y llegando a determinar que la excusa para su incumplimiento en la mayoría de los casos es la pobreza de las personas que cometen el ilícito.
Violencia de género en mujeres del centro de formación artesanal
Authors: Méndez-Cabrita Carmen Marina , Cáliz-Rúales Angie Lisbeth 
Published: February 2021

La investigación tuvo por objetivo analizar la violencia de género en mujeres del centro de formación artesanal de la ciudad de Tulcán – Ecuador. Se desarrolló desde una metodología descriptiva, escrutándose a una población de 60 mujeres. Se llega a una conclusión donde la sociedad donde ninguna norma, ley o restricción podría acabar con este tipo de situaciones más bien se determina que si se necesitan estrategias y prestación de servicios psicológicos para reducir la violencia, empezando por estrategias de prevención donde la mujer pueda sentirse protegida y sobresalir empezando por capacitaciones de formación, terapias de comunicación en pareja, y mayor participación de la mujer en la vida cotidiana fuera de la discriminación de la sociedad como el hombre cambiando el tipo de educación con el que crece, esperando con las medidas preventivas se pueda construir una sociedad donde se encuentre igualdad de género tanto de hombres y mujeres.
Design of a single-electron neural network circuit controlling weights for reservoir computing
Authors: Ueno Masaki , Oya Takahide 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We propose a weight function controllable circuit for single-electron (SE) reservoir computing (RC). While an SE circuit has advantages, e.g., low power consumption and non-linear operation, it also has the disadvantage of being sensitive to fluctuation. Therefore, we focus on RC, as weights do not need to be adjusted in the reservoir layer and there is redundancy for noise. Our idea is that introducing RC can overcome the disadvantages of an SE circuit. Our designed circuit expresses and adjusts the weights by determining how many element signals can pass through it. The result of an operation test indicates that our circuit could accurately express the weights and change them correctly. We also evaluated the discrimination of input signals and found that our circuit could accurately do this. Therefore, our SE RC circuit has the potential to become a new information processing circuit that overcomes the problems of the SE circuit.
Application of machine learning to stochastic effect analysis of chemically amplified resists used for extreme ultraviolet lithography
Authors: Azumagawa Kazuki , Kozawa Takahiro 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Chemically amplified resists will be used in the high numerical aperture (NA) tools of extreme ultraviolet lithography. However, stochastic defects are a serious problem for their application to the high NA tools. In this study, the stochastic defect generation was simulated on the basis of the sensitization mechanisms and analyzed to clarify the contribution of process and material parameters using machine learning. The half-pitch HP, the sensitivity s, the total sensitizer concentration C
s, the effective reaction radius for deprotection R
eff, and the initial standard deviation of the number of protected units per polymer molecule σ
i were used as variables. As a result, the exponential function reproduced the simulation results well. s and HP had dominant effects in LER formation. For pinching, s and HP were dominant. σ
i had a major effect. For bridging, s and HP were also dominant, the effect of σ
i was not major and C
s and R
eff effects were major.
Residual stress distribution and flatness of dislocation-free Te-GaSb (100) substrate
Authors: Zhou Yuan , Zhao Youwen , Xie Hui , Shen Guiying , Liu Jingming , Yang Jun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Raman spectroscopy has been used to evaluate residual stress distribution across GaSb single crystal wafers with different Te doping concentrations grown by liquid encapsulated Czochralski (LEC) method. Undoped GaSb wafers grown by LEC and vertical temperature gradient freezing method were used as reference wafers for comparison analysis. The residual stress increases but its distribution uniformity improves in LEC-GaSb wafers with the concentration of Te dopant increasing. Moreover, annealing at temperature 650 °C can effectively increase its distribution uniformity and results in an improvement of the flatness. The results also suggest that the flatness of GaSb wafers is better when Te doping concentration is controlled within a certain range.
Manufacture of unitary/binary ordered arrays employing self-assembled nanocolloid lithography
Authors: Weng Chun-Jui , Wu Yu-Chen , Liu Shih-Jung 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper details the fabrication of unitary and binary nanocolloid arrays using the spin coating technique. Polystyrene spheres of 900 and 100 nm in size were overlaid on the surface of a silicon substrate using a spin coater. To prepare the unitary nanosphere arrays, nanosphere latex spheres of 900 or 100 nm were first mixed with surfactant solution and then spin-coated onto the silicon substrate. For the binary spin coating, both 900 and 100 nm colloidal nanospheres were mixed with surfactant solutions and then concurrently spin-coated. Fabricated nanosphere arrays were evaluated via both scanning electron and atomic force microscopy. The influence of processing parameters, including type of surfactant, nanosphere to surfactant ratio, spin speed, and spin time on the ordering of colloidal array have been identified; after this step is complete, steps can be taken to optimize the process. These steps provide advantages in terms of improved nanosphere array quality.
VENTURE CAPITAL IN RUSSIA AND THE PROSPECTS OF ITS DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Кузьмина Ольга Юрьевна , Кулясов Денис Евгеньевич 
Published: February 2021

В статье рассмотрены основные аспекты венчурной деятельности в российской экономической системе. Сделан вывод о необходимости совершенствования институционального пространства развития венчурного рынка, что даст толчок к инновационному развитию экономики в целом.
The article discusses the main aspects of venture capital activities in the Russian economic system. It is concluded that it is necessary to improve the institutional space for the development of the venture capital market, which will give an impetus to the innovative development of the economy as a whole.
BENEFIT PROGRAMS AS A TOOL OF COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE
Authors: Мубаракшина Ольга Анатольевна , Алексеева Алина Олеговна 
Published: February 2021

В статье рассмотрены основные аспекты мотивации персонала, представлены основные подходы авторов к понятию мотивации персонала, раскрыта сущность бенефитных программ и их роль в мотивации персонала.
The article considers the main aspects of staff motivation, presents the main approaches of the authors to the concept of staff motivation, reveals the essence of benefit programs and their role in staff motivation.