bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSV-11 The effects of pelleting and extrusion on nutrient composition and protein quality measurements in a variety Canadian pulses
Authors: Cargo-Froom Cara , Shoveller Anna-Kate , Columbus Daniel A , Marinangeli Chris , Kiarie Elijah , Newkirk Rex N , Smilie John , Ai Yongfeng 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Alternative forms of protein are an important focus in nutrition. This study sought to compare the effects of pelleting and extrusion on nutrient composition and protein quality measurements of Canadian pulses. Pulses used for the study included: 2 pea variety (Amarillo and dunn), lentils, chickpeas, and faba bean. Ingredients were ground through a 10/64” or a 2/64” screen to create a coarse and fine ground product, respectively. Both coarse and fine ground ingredients were pelleted at 60–65, 70–75, and 80–85 C0. Fine ground ingredients were extruded at three different temperatures (110, 130, 150 C0) and two moisture levels (18 and 22%). Samples were collected for all runs at the beginning, middle, and end of each run for both pelleted and extruded samples. Samples were analyzed for proximate analysis, amino acids including lysinoalanine, total and damaged starch, and total dietary fibre (including insoluble and soluble). Data were analyzed using a mixed model via proc glimmix in SAS, where ingredient, process, grind, temperature, and extrusion moisture were treated as fixed effects with different interactions selected based on model investigated. Crude protein content of whole pulses was highest in faba bean and lowest in the Amarillo pea, with faba bean protein content significantly higher than all other pulses, and lentil protein content significantly higher than Amarillo peas (P &lt; 0.05). All pelleting temperatures, nested within grind, significantly increased crude protein content of all pulses compared to whole pulses (P &lt; 0.05). All extrusion moistures significantly increased crude protein content of all pulses compared to whole pulses (P &lt; 0.05) and moisture/temperature interactions were significantly higher for all pulses compared to whole pulses (P &lt; 0.05). Amino acid comparisons produced similar significant results. This suggests that pelleting and extrusion processing can have a positive impact on protein content of pulses and protein quality measurements in pulses.
PSV-15 Using near infrared reflectance spectroscopy to predict lab scoured yield in Rambouillet sheep
Authors: Moody Jordan N , Redden Reid , Pfeiffer Faron A , Pope Ronald , Walker John W 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Lab scoured yield (LSY) is a major indicator of wool quality. LSY is used for the valuation of wool in commercial settings and can be used by growers as selection criteria for breeding stock. Current laboratory methods for LSY are costly and labor intensive. Evaluation of fleece core samples using Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIR) may present an efficient, cost-effective alternative to predict LSY. Lamb and yearling fleece core samples from flocks originating from Texas were scanned on a FOSS 6500 spectrometer. Constituent data were obtained from the Bill Sims Wool and Mohair Laboratory using ASTM methodology. LSY ranged from 48–68%. Spectral data were pretreated with a 14 nm moving average and Savitsky-Golay 2nd derivative. Eight outlier spectra were removed. Samples were parsed from the center of the distribution to minimize the Dunn effect creating calibration (n = 108) and test (n = 41) sets. Calibrations were executed using a partial least squares regression on spectra from 1100 to 2492 nm. Test set calibration statistics for LSY were: r2=0.64, RMSE=3.39, and slope=0.91. Independent validation statistics for LSY using spectra for different years were: r2=0.33, RMSE=3.69, and slope=0.29. RMSE for independent validation and lab methods on side samples are similar. Between flock independent validations were less promising. Accuracy of laboratory methods for estimating yield is 2 percentage units. NIRS calibrations can be improved by developing calibration sets with a uniform distribution, which can be difficult within flocks because of the small number of fleeces in the tails of the distribution. These data demonstrate that when calibration and test sets are developed such that test samples are drawn from the calibration population, NIR is a reliable predictor of LSY. However, when test samples are drawn from populations dissimilar to the calibration set, reliability of NIR predictions are greatly reduced.
Mapping Consumers’ Context-Dependent Consumption Preferences: A Multidimensional Unfolding Approach
Authors: Park Junghyun , Kim Minki , Chintagunta Pradeep K 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHow, and to what extent, consumer choices are influenced by the context in which the product is consumed remain important marketing questions. In this article, the authors develop a parsimonious context-dependent multidimensional unfolding model that can accommodate consumers’ context-specific behaviors via ideal points in multiattribute space along with brand locations in that space while accounting for unobserved heterogeneity in consumer behavior. The authors provide an empirical illustration using panel data on beer brand choices in different contexts from U.S. beer consumers. They find more heterogeneity in behavior across social versus nonsocial contexts than across in-home and out-of-home consumption. The authors then show how the model can be used to derive a firm’s optimal direction of brand repositioning given its competitive landscape in the various consumption contexts. Since consumer preferences can be correlated across contexts, they show that a movement toward the ideal point in one context does not necessarily improve the firm’s market competitiveness in other contexts; thereby hurting the brand’s overall performance.
Are Genomic Updates of Well-Studied Species Worth the Investment for Conservation? A Case Study of the Critically Endangered Magdalena River Turtle
Authors: Gallego-García Natalia , Caballero Susana , Shaffer H Bradley 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAs genomic-scale data sets become economically feasible for most organisms, a key question for conservation biology is whether the increased resolution offered by new genomic approaches justifies repeating earlier studies based on traditional markers, rather than investing those same time and monetary resources in less-known species. Genomic studies offer clear advantages when the objective is to identify adaptive loci that may be critical to conservation policy-makers. However, the answer is far less certain for the population and landscape studies based on neutral loci that dominate the conservation genetics research agenda. We used Restriction-site Associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) to revisit earlier molecular studies of the IUCN Critically Endangered Magdalena River turtle (Podocnemis lewyana), documenting the conservation insights gained by increasing the number of neutral markers by several orders of magnitude. Earlier research indicated that P. lewyana has the lowest genetic diversity known for any chelonian, and little or no population differentiation among independent rivers. In contrast, the RADseq data revealed discrete population structure with isolation-by-distance within river segments and identified precise population breaks clearly delineating management units. It also confirmed that the species does not have extremely low heterozygosity and that effective population sizes are probably sufficient to maintain long-term evolutionary potential. Contrary to earlier inferences from more limited population genetic markers, our genomic data suggest that management strategies should shift from active genetic rescue to more passive protection without extreme interventions. We conclude with a list of examples of conservation studies in other vertebrates indicating that for many systems a genomic update is worth the investment.
Assembling Atrocity Archives for Syria
Authors: Burgis-Kasthala Michelle 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This article provides an ethnographically informed comparative case study of the atrocity archiving work being undertaken by two entities: the not-for-profit, civil society organization, the Commission for International Justice and Accountability (CIJA), and the United Nations’ International, Impartial, and Independent Mechanism for Syria (IIIM). Insights from data collected are read alongside debates within the fields of international criminal law, transitional justice, and archival studies. The article argues that this archival work is of significance in exploring how international lawyers respond to the Syrian tragedy, how they understand the possibilities and limitations of criminal trials, as well as their ethical responsibilities in possessing so much sensitive material. The example of the Syrian atrocity archive, and the innovative technological approaches it requires, provides new ways of thinking through the relationship between evidence, custodianship, and the legitimacy of (possible future) criminal trials.
Using our newest VLT-KMOS HII galaxies and other cosmic tracers to test the Lambda cold dark matter tension
Authors: Mehrabi Ahmad , Basilakos Spyros , Tsiapi Pavlina , Plionis Manolis , Terlevich Roberto , Terlevich Elena , Gonzalez Moran Ana Luisa , Chavez Ricardo , Bresolin Fabio , Arenas David Fernandez , Telles Eduardo 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
We place novel constraints on the cosmokinetic parameters by using a joint analysis of the newest Very Large Telescope (VLT)-K-band Multi Object Spectrograph (KMOS) HII galaxies (HIIG) with the Type Ia Supernovae (SNIa) Pantheon sample. We combine the latter data sets in order to reconstruct, in a model-independent way, the Hubble diagram to as high redshifts as possible. Using a Gaussian process, we derive the basic cosmokinetic parameters and compare them with those of Lambda cold dark matter (ΛCDM). In the case of SNIa, we find that the extracted values of the cosmokinetic parameters are in agreement with the predictions of ΛCDM model. Combining SNIa with high-redshift tracers of the Hubble relation, namely HIIG data, we obtain consistent results with those based on ΛCDM as far as the present values of the cosmokinetic parameters are concerned, but find significant deviations in the evolution of the cosmokinetic parameters with respect to the expectations of the concordance ΛCDM model.
Forecasting seeing for the Maunakea observatories with machine learning
Authors: Cherubini Tiziana , Lyman Ryan , Businger Steven 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
The staff at the Maunakea Weather Center (MKWC) has provided daily forecasts of optical turbulence for the summit of Maunakea for more than 20 yr. Observational measures of optical turbulence at Maunakea with which to validate official MKWC forecasts have been available since mid-2009. This paper presents a machine-learning approach to translate the MKWC experience into a forecast of the nightly average optical turbulent state of the atmosphere. Maunakea observational and forecast data were collected to build a predictive model of the total and free atmospheric seeing for the following five nights. The motivation for this work is two-fold: to provide a tool/guidance to the MKWC forecaster and allow for a dynamic calibration of the optical turbulence algorithm implemented in the MKWC Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model.
Radiative energy from a reconnection region around massive black hole
Authors: Zhao Tian-Le , Kumar Rajiv 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
In the previous numerical study, we find the blob formation and ejection in the presence of magnetic reconnection in the environment of the hot flow of the accretion disc. Based on those encouraging results, in the present work, we calculate the energy and the spectrum of the emission in the different bands around sagittarius A* (Sgr A*). We assume the electrons in the magnetic reconnection region are non-thermal and emit synchrotron radiation. The electrons in the other region are thermal, which follows the thermal distribution, and the thermal electron emission mechanism is thermal synchrotron radiation. During the whole process of the magnetic evolution and reconnection, we find two peaks in the temporal light curve in the recently observed radio frequencies (230 and 43 GHz) and near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths (3.8 and 2.2 μm). Although the light curve of the NIR band is most prominent in a single peak. The first peak appears because of the blob in the plasma flow, which is formed due to the magnetic reconnection. The second peak appears due to the production of the non-thermal electrons with the evolution of the magnetic flux. Both peaks reach luminosity of more than 1026 erg s−1 for a single plasmoid/blob. For the NIR band, the highest luminosity can reach more than 1028 erg s−1. These luminosities can be high for the large simulation area and the stronger magnetic field with the multiple blobs. We infer that the observed flares are a group of magnetic reconnection phenomena, not a single one.
International peritoneal dialysis training practices and the risk of peritonitis
Authors: Cheetham Melissa S , Zhao Junhui , McCullough Keith , Fuller Douglas S , Cho Yeoungjee , Krishnasamy Rathika , Boudville Neil , Figueiredo Ana E , Ito Yasuhiko , Kanjanabuch Talerngsak , Perl Jeffrey , Piraino Beth M , Pisoni Ronald L , Szeto Cheuk C , Teitelbaum Isaac , Woodrow Graham , Johnson David W 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT

Background
The effects of training practices on outcomes of patients receiving peritoneal dialysis (PD) are poorly understood and there is a lack of evidence informing best training practices. This prospective cohort study aims to describe and compare international PD training practices and their association with peritonitis.

Methods
Adult patients on PD &lt;3 months participating in the Peritoneal Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (PDOPPS) were included. Training characteristics (including duration, location, nurse affiliation, modality, training of family members, use of individual/group training and use of written/oral competency assessments) were reported at patient and facility levels. The hazard ratio (HR) for time to first peritonitis was estimated using Cox models, adjusted for selected patient and facility case-mix variables.

Results
A total of 1376 PD patients from 120 facilities across seven countries were included. Training was most commonly performed at the facility (81%) by facility-affiliated nurses (87%) in a 1:1 setting (79%). In the UK, being trained by both facility and third-party nurses was associated with a reduced peritonitis risk [adjusted HR 0.31 (95% confidence interval 0.15–0.62) versus facility nurses only]. However, this training practice was utilized in only 5 of 14 UK facilities. No other training characteristics were convincingly associated with peritonitis risk.

Conclusions
There was no evidence to support that peritonitis risk was associated with when, where, how or how long PD patients are trained.
Designing More Effective Cigar Warnings: An Experiment Among Adult Cigar Smokers
Authors: Kowitt Sarah D , Jarman Kristen L , Cornacchione Ross Jennifer , Ranney Leah M , Smith Caleb A , Kistler Christine E , Lazard Allison J , Sheeran Paschal , Thrasher James F , Goldstein Adam O 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Little systematic evidence exists about the effectiveness of cigar warnings. This study examined the perceived message effectiveness (PME) of warning statements about different health consequences caused by cigars. PME is a validated self-report scale of how effectively a health message discourages smoking.

Aims and Methods
We conducted an online study from April to May 2020 with adults in the United States who used cigars in the past 30 days (n = 777). Participants were randomly assigned to view and rate PME (three items, range 1–5) for seven out of 37 text warning statements about different health consequences from cigar use. Linear mixed effects models evaluated the most effective warning characteristics (eg, type of health consequence), controlling for repeated measures and participant demographics.

Results
Analyses showed that health consequences about the cardiovascular system (B = 0.38), mouth (B = 0.40), other digestive (B = 0.45), respiratory system (B = 0.36), and early death (B = 0.36) were associated with higher PME scores than reproductive health consequences (all p values &lt;.001). Similar results were found for these health consequences compared with addiction (all p values p &lt; .001). We also observed that awareness of the health consequence was associated with higher PME scores (B = 0.19, p &lt; .001) and length of the warning message (number of characters) was associated with lower PME scores (B = −0.007, p = .03). No differences were observed between cancer and noncancer health consequences (p = .27) or health consequences that used plain language versus medical jargon (p = .94).

Conclusions
Our study provides new evidence about the perceived effectiveness of different cigar health warning statements and identifies features that may strengthen statements.

Implications
Our study with cigar smokers from across the United States provides much-needed evidence concerning the perceived effectiveness of different cigar health warning statements and features that may strengthen such statements. Mandated cigar warnings in the United States could be strengthened by including health consequences that were perceived as more effective in our study (eg, early death), using health consequences that participants were aware of, and using short warning statements.
Recently Abstinent Smokers Exhibit Mood-Associated Dopamine Dysfunction in the Ventral Striatum Compared to Nonsmokers: A [11C]-(+)-PHNO PET Study
Authors: Calakos Katina C , Hillmer Ansel T , Angarita Gustavo A , Baldassarri Stephen R , Najafzadeh Soheila , Emery Paul R , Matuskey David , Huang Yiyun , Cosgrove Kelly P 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Chronic nicotine exposure desensitizes dopamine responses in animals, but it is not known if this occurs in human tobacco smokers. Deficits in dopamine function are likely to make smoking cessation difficult. We used positron emission tomography (PET) brain imaging with the dopamine D2/3 receptor agonist radioligand [11C]-(+)-PHNO to determine if abstinent smokers exhibit less amphetamine-induced dopamine release in the ventral striatum than nonsmokers, and whether this was associated with clinical correlates of smoking cessation.

Methods
Baseline [11C]-(+)-PHNO scans were acquired from smokers (n = 22, 7 female, abstinent 11 ± 9 days) and nonsmokers (n = 20, 7 female). A subset of thirty-seven participants (18 smokers) received oral amphetamine (0.5 mg/kg) three hours before a second [11C]-(+)-PHNO scan. Binding potential (BPND) (i.e., D2/3 receptor availability) was estimated at baseline and postamphetamine in the ventral striatum. Amphetamine-induced percent change in BPND was calculated to reflect dopamine release. Subjects also completed the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D).

Results
There were no group differences in baseline BPND. Amphetamine-induced percent change in BPND in the ventral striatum was significantly lower in abstinent smokers compared to nonsmokers (p=0.019; d=0.82). Higher CES-D scores were significantly associated with lower ventral striatal percent change in BPND for abstinent smokers (rs=-0.627, p=0.025).

Conclusions
In conclusion, abstinent smokers exhibited significantly less amphetamine-induced dopamine release in the ventral striatum than nonsmokers. In abstinent smokers, worse mood was significantly associated with less striatal dopamine release. Our findings highlight a potential neural mechanism that may underlie negative mood symptoms during early abstinence.

Implications
This study combined quantitative PET imaging and an amphetamine challenge to examine striatal dopamine function during early smoking cessation attempts. The findings demonstrate that recently abstinent tobacco smokers exhibit significant, mood-associated striatal dopamine dysfunction compared to nonsmokers. This study advances our knowledge of the neurobiology underlying early quit attempts, and bridges novel neural findings with clinically relevant symptoms of smoking cessation. These results may explain the challenge of maintaining long-term abstinence from smoking, and can lend insight into the development of treatment strategies for smoking cessation.
Kretek Cigarettes and Particulate Matter Emissions—An Aerosol Spectrometric Study on Typical Indonesian Brands Flavored With Cloves
Authors: Braun Markus , Marsidi Laura Lian , Klingelhöfer Doris , Groneberg David A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Introduction
In Indonesia, smoking is widespread. The same applies to second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure. More than 90% of Indonesian smokers smoke clove cigarettes, so-called Kreteks. They often contain more tar and nicotine than conventional cigarettes, but little is known about particulate matter (PM) emissions. In smokers’ homes, SHS is the main source of PM that is hazardous to health. This study presents data of PM emissions from Kreteks.

Methods
SHS was generated in a closed 2.88 m³ measuring chamber. PM fractions (PM10, PM2.5, PM1) of three popular Kretek brands (two king-sized and one slim-sized) in comparison to conventional cigarettes and a reference cigarette were measured by laser aerosol spectroscopy in real-time.

Results
The king-sized Kreteks reached PM10 and PM2.5 mean concentrations of up to about 3000 µg/m³, and PM1 mean concentrations of up to about 2700 µg/m³. Consequently, these Kreteks emitted up to about 100% more PM10 and PM2.5, respectively 84% more PM1 than the reference cigarette, and up to about 260% more PM10 and PM2.5, respectively 234% more PM1 than the other investigated cigarettes.

Conclusions
PM emissions from Kreteks can be very high. The Indonesian public should be informed and warned about it, considering the high prevalence of smoking and SHS exposure, in particular. The Indonesian tobacco control regulation is limited, and it is overdue to start with a serious and effective tobacco control policy. PM declaration to government authorities could be useful in smoking prevention and tobacco control.

Implications
Research data are limited for Kretek cigarettes, including data on particulate matter (PM). The clove buds in Kretek cigarettes are for flavoring the smoke and shall soften the smoke feeling. That makes them very popular in Indonesia, in particular. The declaration of PM data of Kreteks and other tobacco products can play a key role in a more effective tobacco policy to reduce consumption of tobacco products, not only in Indonesia. To provide data on PM emissions, this study ascertained PM amounts in passive smoke from Indonesian Kreteks.