bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial dynamics and diabetic kidney disease: Missing pieces for the puzzle of therapeutic approaches
Authors: Narongkiatikhun Phoom , Chattipakorn Siriporn C. , Chattipakorn Nipon 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDiabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a common microvascular complication among diabetic patients. Once the DKD has developed, most of the patients inevitably progress to the end‐stage renal disease (ESRD). Although many new therapeutic strategies have attempted to demolish the root of the pathogenesis of DKD, the residual risks of ESRD still remained. Alteration of mitochondrial dynamics towards mitochondrial fission concurrent with the mitochondrial dysfunction is the characteristic that is usually seen in various diseases, including DKD. It has been proposed that those perturbation and their cooperative networks could be responsible for the residual risk of ESRD in DKD patients. In this review, the collective evidence of alteration in mitochondrial dynamics and their associations with the mitochondrial function from in vitro, in vivo and clinical reports of DKD are comprehensively summarized and discussed. In addition, both basic and clinical reports regarding the pharmacological interventions that showed an impact on the mitochondrial dynamics, and the correlation with the renal parameters in DKD is presented. Understanding these complex mechanisms in combination with the existing therapeutic modalities could bring a new opportunity to overcome the unresolvable problem of DKD.
Genetic variants involved in innate immunity modulate the risk of inflammatory bowel diseases in an understudied Malaysian population
Authors: Luu Laurence Don Wai , Popple Georgia , Tsang Samuel Pok Wei , Vinasco Karla , Hilmi Ida , Ng Ruey Terng , Chew Kee Seang , Wong Shin Yee , Riordan Stephen , Lee Way Seah , Mitchell Hazel M , Kaakoush Nadeem O , Castaño‐Rodríguez Natalia 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground and AimInflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic gastrointestinal inflammatory conditions comprising two major subtypes: Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). The incidence of IBD is increasing in Asian countries including Malaysia. The aim of this study was to determine whether 32 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) strongly associated with IBD from genome‐wide association studies, performed mainly in Caucasian populations, are associated with IBD in a Malaysian population, correlating these findings with local and systemic inflammation.MethodsSelected SNPs were investigated in a Malaysian cohort comprising 36 IBD patients and 75 controls using customized matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight genotyping. Local mRNA and/or systemic protein levels of IL‐10, IL‐12, IL‐22, IL‐23, and TNF‐α were measured in these same subjects.ResultsATG16L2 rs11235667 and LINC00824 rs6651252 was significantly associated with increased CD risk while IL12B rs56167332 was a significant protective factor. Three SNPs (SBNO2 rs2024092, CARD9 rs10781499, and rs17085007 between GPR12‐USP12) were significantly associated with increased UC risk while NKX2‐3 rs4409764 was a significant protective factor. After adjusting for age, gender, and ethnicity, SBNO2 rs2024092, ATG16L2 rs11235667, CARD9 rs10781499, and LINC00824 rs6651252 remained associated with IBD. Interestingly, the risk alleles of IL10 rs3024505, CARD9 rs1078149, and IL12 rs6556412 were associated with higher levels of IL‐10, IL‐22, and IL‐23 in these same subjects, respectively.ConclusionsThis study identified eight SNPs associated with IBD and/or its subtypes in the Malaysia population, significantly advancing our understanding of the genetic contribution to IBD in this understudied population. Three of these SNPs modulated relevant cytokine levels and thus, may directly contribute to IBD pathogenesis.
“Being colorblind is one of the worst things”: White teachers’ attitudes and ethnic‐racial socialization in a rural elementary school
Authors: Hazelbaker Taylor , Mistry Rashmita S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA phenomenological approach was used to explore White elementary school teachers’ attitudes about and strategies for addressing ethnicity and race in their classrooms. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with teachers (N = 12) in first, third, and fifth grade, art, and English language learning classrooms at a racially diverse, rural elementary school in the Midwest United States. Results highlighted a paradox in teachers’ attitudes and socialization. Teachers reported an appreciation for the school‐level ethnic‐racial diversity, while simultaneously endorsing a colorblind ideology. They incorporated conversations about ethnicity and race, but more frequently in reaction to holidays and student‐initiated questions and not as part of a more integrative curriculum. Additionally, teachers’ attitudes and discussions about ethnicity and race intersected with religion. Findings highlight the need for professional development to support White teachers in examining their attitudes about ethnicity, race, and religion to move away from colorblindness and engage in anti‐bias and anti‐racist education.
Comparing estimated cost‐effectiveness of micronutrient intervention programs using primary and secondary data: evidence from Cameroon
Authors: Adams Katherine P. , Luo Hanqi , Vosti Stephen A. , Kagin Justin , Ngnie‐Teta Ismael , Ndjebayi Alex , Assiene Jules Guintang , Engle‐Stone Reina 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDesigning a cost‐effective portfolio of micronutrient intervention programs is complex and generally undertaken with limited data. We developed the MINIMOD‐Secondary Data (MINIMOD‐SD) tool, which uses household consumption and expenditure survey data and other secondary data to estimate apparent nutrient intakes and model the effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness of micronutrient intervention programs. We present the SD tool methodology and results in the context of Cameroon, with a particular focus on vitamin A (VA) for children and folate for women of reproductive age (WRA). We compared the MINIMOD‐SD tool estimates with those of the full MINIMOD tool, which uses 24‐h dietary recall data. The SD tool consistently underestimated folate intake among women (median (IQR): 230 (143,352) versus 303 (244,367) μg dietary folate equivalents (DFEs)/day) and especially VA among children (141 (64,279) versus 227 (102,369)). Qualitatively, however, the two tools were generally consistent in predicted subnational patterns of micronutrient adequacy and identification of effective and cost‐effective (cost per child/WRA moving from inadequate to adequate intake) interventions. Secondary data and the MINIMOD‐SD tool can provide policymakers with information to qualitatively assess deficiency risks and identify cost‐effective interventions. However, accurately quantifying individual‐level deficiency or dietary inadequacy and intervention effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness will likely require individual‐level dietary data and biomarker measurements.
The wheat ABA receptor gene TaPYL1‐1B contributes to drought tolerance and grain yield by increasing water‐use efficiency
Authors: Mao Hude , Jian Chao , Cheng Xinxiu , Chen Bin , Mei Fangming , Li Fangfang , Zhang Yifang , Li Shumin , Du Linying , Li Tian , Hao Chenyang , Wang Xiaojing , Zhang Xueyong , Kang Zhensheng 
Published: December 2021

SummaryThe role of abscisic acid (ABA) receptors, PYR1/PYL/RCAR (PYLs), is well established in ABA signalling and plant drought response, but limited research has explored the regulation of wheat PYLs in this process, especially the effects of their allelic variations on drought tolerance or grain yield. Here, we found that the overexpression of a TaABFs‐regulated PYL gene, TaPYL1‐1B, exhibited higher ABA sensitivity, photosynthetic capacity and water‐use efficiency (WUE), all contributed to higher drought tolerance than that of wild‐type plants. This heightened water‐saving mechanism further increased grain yield and protected productivity during water deficit. Candidate gene association analysis revealed that a favourable allele TaPYL1‐1BIn‐442, carrying an MYB recognition site insertion in the promoter, is targeted by TaMYB70 and confers enhanced expression of TaPYL1‐1B in drought‐tolerant genotypes. More importantly, an increase in frequency of the TaPYL1‐1BIn‐442 allele over decades among modern Chinese cultivars and its association with high thousand‐kernel weight together demonstrated that it was artificially selected during wheat improvement efforts. Taken together, our findings illuminate the role of TaPYL1‐1B plays in coordinating drought tolerance and grain yield. In particular, the allelic variant TaPYL1‐1BIn‐442 substantially contributes to enhanced drought tolerance while maintaining high yield, and thus represents a valuable genetic target for engineering drought‐tolerant wheat germplasm.
Life‐threatening hypothermia in a child with primary erythromelalgia
Authors: Matarneh Bayan , Witman Patricia 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPrimary erythromelalgia is a rare autosomal‐dominant condition due to pathogenic variant in the SCN9A gene, characterized by childhood onset of excruciating pain, redness, and warmth of acral sites. Patients often resort to ice water baths and other cooling measures to manage the discomfort. Hypothermia is a rare complication, reported only twice previously. We report a child with primary erythromelalgia due to a confirmed pathogenic variant admitted with life‐threatening hypothermia. Although the overuse of cooling mechanisms may have contributed, we postulate that the SCN9A mutation may lead to thermodysregulation and make patients with primary erythromelalgia particularly susceptible to this complication.
Vulvar aphthous ulcer after COVID‐19 vaccination
Authors: Popatia Sabrina , Chiu Yvonne E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractVulvar aphthous ulcer, also known as acute genital ulceration or Lipschutz ulcers, is an uncommon, non‐sexually acquired condition characterized by sudden onset ulcerations of the vulva in young girls and women. It is thought to represent an immunologic reaction to an infection or other source of inflammation and is commonly preceded by prodromal symptoms including fever, chills, fatigue, and malaise. During the COVID‐19 pandemic, vulvar aphthous ulcer associated with COVID‐19 infection has been reported. Here, we report a case of vulvar aphthous ulcer in response to COVID‐19 vaccination.
Quantifying Domestic Violence in Times of Crisis: An Internet Search Activity-Based Measure for the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Anderberg Dan , Rainer Helmut , Siuda Fabian 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In contrast to widespread concerns that COVID-19 lockdowns have substantially increased the incidence of domestic violence, research based on police-recorded crimes or calls-for-service has typically found small and often even negligible effects. One explanation for this discrepancy is that lockdowns have left victims of domestic violence trapped in-home with their perpetrators, limiting their ability to safely report incidents to the police. To overcome this measurement problem, we propose a model-based algorithm for measuring temporal variation in domestic violence incidence using internet search activity and make precise the conditions under which this measure yields less biased estimates of domestic violence problem during periods of crisis than commonly used police-recorded crime measures. Analysing the COVID-19 lockdown in Greater London, we find a 40% increase in our internet search-based domestic violence index at the peak occurring 3–6 weeks into the lockdown, -seven to eight times larger than the increase in police-recorded crimes and much closer to the increase in helpline calls reported by victim support charities. Applying the same methodology to Los Angeles, we find strikingly similar results. We conclude that evidence based solely on police-recorded domestic violence incidents cannot reliably inform us about the scale of the domestic violence problem during crises like COVID-19.
Exploring English in TV product advertising for Dutch‐speaking children
Authors: Roberts Gillian , Zenner Eline , Rosseel Laura 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn the context of global English, children are an interesting target group both from a marketing and a linguistic perspective, yet the use of English in advertising for children has so far received little research attention. Investigating English in a corpus of 3566 free morphemes (smallest independent linguistic elements) in 98 TV product advertisements aimed at Dutch‐speaking children in Flanders, Belgium, this study addresses the methodological question of what counts as ‘English’ before inquiring into: (1) the overall amount of English; (2) which parts of the adverts are susceptible to English; and (3) the types of English used. Results show 80% of the adverts contain English, but English accounts for only 13% of the total free morphemes in the adverts. 70% of adverts contain English in the product or company name, which suggests that even in advertising language, the use of English is limited to specific functions in the Dutch‐speaking Belgian context.
Analysing COVID-19 outcomes in the context of the 2019 Global Health Security (GHS) Index
Authors: Rose Sophie M , Paterra Michael , Isaac Christopher , Bell Jessica , Stucke Amanda , Hagens Arnold , Tyrrell Sarah , Guterbock Michael , Nuzzo Jennifer B 
Published: December 2021

IntroductionThe Global Health Security Index benchmarks countries’ capacities to carry out the functions necessary to prevent, detect and respond to biological threats. The COVID-19 pandemic served as an opportunity to evaluate whether the Index contained the correct array of variables that influence countries’ abilities to respond to these threats; assess additional variables that may influence preparedness; and examine how the impact of preparedness components change during public health crises.MethodsLinear regression models were examined to determine the relationship between excess mortality per capita for the first 500 days of countries’ COVID-19 pandemic and internal Index variables, as well as external variables including social cohesion; island status; perceived corruption; elderly population size; previous epidemic experience; stringency of non-pharmaceutical interventions; and social and political polarisation.ResultsCOVID-19 outcomes were significantly associated with sociodemographic, political and governance variables external to the 2019 Index: social cohesion, reduction in social polarisation and reduced perceptions of corruption were consistently correlated with reduced excess mortality throughout the pandemic. The association of other variables assessed by the Index, like epidemiological workforce robustness, changed over time. Fixed country features, including geographic connectedness, larger elderly population and lack of prior coronavirus outbreak experience were detrimental to COVID-19 outcomes. Finally, there was evidence that countries that lacked certain capacities were able to develop these over the course of the pandemic.ConclusionsAdditional sociodemographic, political and governance variables should be included in future indices to improve their ability to characterise preparedness. Fixed characteristics, while not directly addressable, are useful for establishing countries’ inherent risk profile and can motivate those at greater risk to invest in preparedness. Particular components of preparedness vary in their impact on outcomes over the course of the pandemic, which may inform resource direction during ongoing crises. Future research should seek to further characterise time-dependent impacts as additional COVID-19 outcome data become available.
Association between asthma and dry eye disease: a meta-analysis based on observational studies
Authors: Huang Qun , Zheng Yanlin , Zhang Chuantao , Wang Wanjie , Liao Tingting , Xiao Xili , Wang Jing , Wang Juan 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveThis study aimed to systematically review the relationship between dry eye disease (DED) and asthma based on published population-based studies.Data sourcesPubMed, EMBASE and ISI Web of Science from their inception were searched up to October 2019.Study selectionObservational studies addressing the association between asthma and DED will be eligible.Data extraction and synthesisTwo reviewers independently conducted the data extraction and quality assessment. We used a random-effects model for all analyses. Subgroup analysis according to ethnicity was performed to test the influence of ethnicity on the association.Main outcomes and measuresSix independent studies (a total of 45 215 patients with asthma and 232 864 control subjects) were included in this review and had an average of seven stars by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Our current findings suggest that the prevalence of DED was higher in the asthma group than in the control group (Z=7.42, p<0.00001; OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.20 to 1.38). In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, Australian, Caucasian and Asian patients with asthma showed an increased risk of DED.
Evaluation of the implementation of information system for postdischarge with the theoretical domains framework by healthcare professionals: a multistage design with qualitative inquiry and Delphi expert discussion protocol
Authors: Wong Eliza LY , Tang KS , Dong Dong , Mo Phoenix KH , Cheung Annie WL , Lau Jack CH , Yeoh EK 
Published: December 2021

IntroductionImproving discharge information dissemination may improve patients’ health literacy of self-care and health outcomes, avoid unnecessary healthcare utilisation, and reduce the healthcare cost. This study aims to use an implementation science theory guided approach to examine the beliefs and behaviours of healthcare professionals regarding postdischarge information summary (PDIS) implementation in a public inpatient setting.Methods and analysisA multistage study design involving qualitative inquiry and Delphi expert discussion will be used to systematically explore the perceived barriers in the four implemented hospitals and enable the full implementation of the PDIS in geriatric and medical care. The theoretical domains framework (TDF), behavioural change wheel and realistic evaluation framework will be used to guide the investigation of implementation. This study consists of three steps: (1) identifying barriers and enablers from an implementation perspective using a TDF-informed interview guide; (2) devising theory-based implementation strategy packages to facilitate the adoption and enhancement of PDIS by performing a strategy mapping exercise and (3) developing an effective implementation strategy package for scaling up PDIS in other target hospitals as well as other specialities using the Delphi expert discussion. The goal of this multistage study design is to identify the perspectives from healthcare professionals towards the PDIS implementation and explore their barriers and facilitators of the process in the pilot phase. The invited healthcare professionals would share their daily experience on providing PDIS to patient in various study hospitals with similar ward setting. The implementation of discharge intervention in a study setting through different steps to aid in the exploration and development of the modified implementation strategies for the adoption and enhancement of PDIS in the discharge process.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval for the study was obtained from the Joint Chinese University of Hong Kong—New Territories East Cluster Clinical Research Ethics Committees. Results of the study would be released as a report submitted to the Health and Medical Research Fund of Food and Health Bureau of the Hong Kong Government. The result would also be published in international peer-reviewed medical journals and presented in conferences.Trial registration numberChiCTR2000034382.
Using a dark logic model to explore adverse effects in audit and feedback: a qualitative study of gaming in colonoscopy
Authors: Catlow Jamie , Bhardwaj-Gosling Rashmi , Sharp Linda , Rutter Matthew David , Sniehotta Falko F 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundAudit and feedback (A&F) interventions improve patient care but may result in unintended consequences. To evaluate plausible harms and maximise benefits, theorisation using logic models can be useful. We aimed to explore the adverse effects of colonoscopy A&F using a feedback intervention theory (FIT) dark logic model before the National Endoscopy Database Automated Performance Reports to Improve Quality Outcomes Trial study.MethodsWe undertook a qualitative study exploring A&F practices in colonoscopy. Interviews were undertaken with endoscopists from six English National Health Service endoscopy centres, purposively sampled for professional background and experience. A thematic framework analysis was performed, mapping paradoxical effects and harms using FIT and the theory of planned behaviour.ResultsData saturation was achieved on the 19th participant, with participants from nursing, surgical and medical backgrounds and a median of 7 years’ experience.When performance was below aspirational targets participants were falsely reassured by social comparisons. Participants described confidence as a requirement for colonoscopy. Negative feedback without a plan to improve risked reducing confidence and impeding performance (cognitive interference). Unmet targets increased anxiety and prompted participants to question messages’ motives and consider gaming.Participants described inaccurate documentation of subjective measures, including patient comfort, to achieve targets perceived as important. Participants described causing harm from persevering to complete procedures despite patient discomfort and removing insignificant polyps to improve detection rates without benefiting the patient.ConclusionOur dark logic model highlighted that A&F interventions may create both desired and adverse effects. Without a priori theorisation evaluations may disregard potential harms. In colonoscopy, improved patient experience measures may reduce harm. To address cognitive interference the motivation of feedback to support improvement should always be clear, with plans targeting specific behaviours and offering face-to-face support for confidence.Trial registration numberISRCTN11126923.