bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the long-term cause of failure and survivorship of four hundred and twenty seven metal-on-metal hip arthroplasties: resurfacing versus large head total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Palazzuolo Michele , Antoniadis Alexander , Delaune Leilani , Tornare Inès , Wegrzyn Julien 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Comparison of mid- to long-term cause of failure and survivorship of metal-on-metal (MoM) resurfacing hip arthroplasty (RHA) and large head total hip arthroplasty (THA) remains sparse. This study aimed to identify and compare the cause of failure and survivorship of MoM RHA and THA at a minimum ten year follow-up.

Methods
Four hundred twenty-seven MoM hip arthroplasties (286 THA and 141 RHA) were retrospectively analyzed at a mean follow-up of 13 ± three years. Causes of failure were reported as MoM specific (i.e., adverse reaction to metal debris (ARMD) and painful hip with ion elevation) or MoM non-specific (i.e., fracture, infection, and dislocation). Chromium (Cr) and cobalt (Co) ion levels and Co/Cr ratio were compared. Survivorship was compared according to the cause of failure with revision as the endpoint.

Results
The rate of ARMD was significantly higher in THA (OR = 2.9 [95%-CI: 1–7]; p = 0.02). No significant difference was detected in failure rate due to other causes between the two groups (p = 0.2–0.9). Ion levels and Co/Cr ratio were both significantly higher in THA (p < 0.01). Survivorship was significantly lower in THA compared to RHA at ten years [89% (95%-CI: 85%–91%) vs 96% (95%-CI: 91%–98%); p = 0.01] and 15 years [73% (95%-CI: 67%–78%) vs 83% (95%-CI: 73%–90%); p = 0.01].

Conclusion
RHA survivorship was significantly higher at any time point. Failure rate due to ARMD was significantly higher in THA while no significant difference in other causes of failure was observed between the two groups. This result emphasizes the role of fretting corrosion at the head-neck junction (i.e., trunnionosis) with significantly higher ion levels and Co/Cr ratio dissociation in THA.
Mean Convergence of Entire Interpolations in Weighted Space
Authors: Gonçalves Felipe , Littmann Friedrich 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe investigate the convergence of entire Lagrange interpolations and of Hermite interpolations of exponential type$$\tau $$τ, as$$\tau \rightarrow \infty $$τ→∞, in weighted$$L^p$$Lp-spaces on the real line. The weights are reciprocals of entire functions that depend on$$\tau $$τand may be viewed as smoothed versions of a target weightw. The convergence statements are obtained from weighted Marcinkiewicz inequalities for entire functions. We apply our main results to deal with power weights.
Folgen der COVID-19-Krise auf die kurz-, mittel- und langfristigen Beschäftigungs- und Entlohnungschancen nach Berufen
Authors: Maier Tobias , Mönnig Anke , Zika Gerd 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag stellt das Modellsystem QINFORGE vor. Es ist durch die Berücksichtigung beruflicher Mobilitätsprozesse in der Lage, Anpassungsreaktionen zwischen Arbeitsangebot und -bedarf auf beruflicher Ebene in der kurzen und langen Frist aufzuzeigen. Das Modell wird genutzt, um die Auswirkungen der COVID-19-Krise auf die Beschäftigungs- und Entlohnungschancen in Berufen zu verdeutlichen. Hierfür werden zwei Szenarien miteinander vergleichen: Ein „kontrafaktisches Szenario“ schreibt langfristige Verhaltensweisen und Trends ausgehend vom Jahr 2019 fort. Die „Basisprojektion“ versucht hingegen, die Konjunktur in der kurzen Frist auf Branchenebene mit abzubilden. Hierdurch werden modellendogen Verhaltensänderungen auf Berufsebene angeregt.Die Krise wird die Wirtschaftsleistung Deutschlands langfristig um drei Jahre zurückwerfen. Da sich aufgrund der schlechteren Arbeitsmarktlage aber auch einige Erwerbspersonen, insbesondere Frauen, vom Arbeitsmarkt zurückziehen werden, steigt die prognostizierte Zahl der Erwerbslosen in den Jahren 2020 und 2021 in der Basisprojektion nur um rund 400.000 Personen im Vergleich zum kontrafaktischen Szenario an. Langfristig stellt das knappe Arbeitsangebot hingegen einen hemmenden Faktor für das Wirtschaftswachstum dar. Zudem wird durch die Krise in der kurzen und mittleren Frist das gesamtwirtschaftliche Lohnwachstum gehemmt.Die Ergebnisse des Modells zeigen, dass durch die Krise vor allem Berufe in der Gastronomie, dem Tourismus, sowie in Kunst und Kultur betroffen sind. Ab dem Jahr 2025 wird hier jedoch wieder das Lohn- und Beschäftigungsniveau erreicht, das auch im kontrafaktischen Szenario erreicht worden wäre. Bei den kurzfristigen Lohnsteigerungen in den Gesundheitsberufen handelt es sich hingegen um Vorzieheffekte. Auf lange Sicht ist in der Basisprojektion gegenüber dem „kontrafaktischen Szenario“ kein höheres Lohnniveau zu erwarten. Das Arbeitsangebot in den Gesundheitsberufen – insbesondere in der Pflege – könnte durch die Krise zwar zunehmen, dies wäre jedoch darauf zurückzuführen, dass die Erwerbschancen und Entlohnungsmöglichkeiten außerhalb der Pflegeberufe durch die COVID-19-Pandemie vergleichsweise geringer werden könnten.
How Children in Germany Experience Refugees: A Contribution From Childhood Studies
Authors: Andresen Sabine , Neumann Sascha , Schneekloth Ulrich 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper deals with perceptions, encounters and experiences of children with refugees and refugee children in Germany. It is based on the Fourth World Vision Children Study, which is regularly conducted in Germany since 2007. The study is based on a representative survey among 6- to 11-year-old children, which was combined with qualitative case studies and focuses on children´s well-being, their fears, their concerns as well as their attitudes toward other societal groups and contemporary political issues. For the survey of the Fourth World Vision Children Study, in the questionnaire there were also items included which should allow collecting data on children´s encounters and experiences with refugees, and particularly refugees who are their peers. This paper presents the approach taken in the study and how it is embedded conceptually in childhood studies before reporting and discussing selected findings on the experiences of children in Germany with refugees in their neighbourhood and among their peers. The findings presented in this paper refer to contact as well as interactions and opportunities for establishing friendships between refugee and non-refugee children. This is followed by a discussion of the implications these findings have in terms of consequences for supporting refugee children when arriving at Germany. In the conclusion, we will finally point out the implications of our study for the broader field of childhood studies in social sciences.
Homogeneous Plurisubharmonic Polynomials in Higher Dimensions
Authors: Simon Lars 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe prove several results on homogeneous plurisubharmonic polynomials on $${\mathbb {C}}^n$$

C

n

, $$n\in {\mathbb {Z}}_{\ge 2}$$

n
∈

Z

≥
2

. Said results are relevant to the problem of constructing local bumpings at boundary points of pseudoconvex domains of finite D’Angelo 1-type in $${\mathbb {C}}^{n+1}$$

C

n
+
1

.
Urinary metabolic profile and stone composition in kidney stone formers with and without heart disease
Authors: Bargagli Matteo , Moochhala Shabbir , Robertson William G. , Gambaro Giovanni , Lombardi Gianmarco , Unwin Robert J. , Ferraro Pietro Manuel 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objective
Kidney stone disease seems to be associated with an increased risk of incident cardiovascular outcomes; the aim of this study is to identify differences in 24-h urine excretory profiles and stone composition among stone formers with and without cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Methods
Data from patients attending the Department of Renal Medicine’s metabolic stone clinic from 1995 to 2012 were reviewed. The sample was divided according to the presence or absence of CVD (myocardial infarction, angina, coronary revascularization, or surgery for calcified heart valves). Univariable and multivariable regression models, adjusted for age, sex, BMI, hypertension, diabetes, eGFR, plasma bicarbonate and potential renal acid load of foods were used to investigate differences across groups.

Results
1826 patients had available data for 24-h urine analysis. Among these, 108 (5.9%) had a history of CVD. Those with CVD were older, have higher prevalence of hypertension and diabetes and lower eGFR. Univariable analysis showed that patients with CVD had significantly lower 24-h urinary excretions for citrate (2.4 vs 2.6 mmol/24 h, p = 0.04), magnesium (3.9 vs 4.2 mmol/24 h, p = 0.03) and urinary pH (6.1 vs 6.2, p = 0.02). After adjustment for confounders, differences in urinary citrate and magnesium excretions remained significant. No differences in the probability of stone formation or stone compositions were found.

Conclusions
Stone
formers with CVD have lower renal alkali excretion, possibly suggesting higher
acid retention in stone formers with cardiovascular comorbidities. Randomized
clinical trials including medications and a controlled diet design are needed
to confirm the results presented here.

Graphic abstract
Temperature- and degree of cure-dependent viscoelastic properties of photopolymer resins used in digital light processing
Authors: Rehbein T. , Johlitz M. , Lion A. , Sekmen K. , Constantinescu A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn the present paper, the degree of cure-dependent viscoelastic properties of a commercial photopolymer resin (Loctite$$^{\textregistered }$$

®

3D 3830) used in digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing are investigated experimentally and described by suitable model equations. To do this, tests are carried out both on the liquid resin and printed specimens under various conditions. The experimental methods include photo-DSC, UV rheometry, and dynamic mechanical analysis. A commercial digital light processing (DLP) printer (Loctite$$^{\textregistered }$$

®

EQ PR10.1) is used for the printing of the samples. Model equations are proposed to describe the behavior of the material during and after the printing process. For the representation of the degree of cure depending on temperature and light intensity, the one-dimensional differential equation proposed in a previous paper is extended to capture a temperature-dependent threshold value. The change of the viscoelastic properties during crosslinking is captured macroscopically by time-temperature and time-cure superposition principles. The parameters of the model equations are identified using nonlinear optimization algorithms. A good representation of the experimental data is achieved by the proposed model equations. The findings of this paper help users in additive manufacturing of photopolymers to predict the material properties depending on the degree of cure and temperature of printed components.
Drivers and Barriers for Implementation and International Transferability of Sustainable Pop-up Living Systems
Authors: Bertino Gaetano , Rose Gloria , Kisser Johannes 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn the current urban system, characterised by a one-directional flow of resources from the rural environment to the cities, the construction sector plays a critical role in supporting the transition from a linear to a circular economy. In this framework, temporary pop-up environments act as an innovative and sustainable type of living system. These are structures conceived as temporary from the outset, based on characteristics like flexible light-weight technologies, fast and easy assembly operations, temporary occupation of the ground and adaptability to different uses, needs and target groups. Great importance is placed on construction reversibility and environmental sustainability. In the framework of the interdisciplinary research project ‘Urban Pop-Up Housing Environments and Their Potential as Local Innovation Systems’, six scenarios of application for temporary pop-up environments for the city of Vienna have been developed, taking into consideration technical, urban and social aspects, on the basis of local uses and climatic conditions. In order to explore drivers and barriers of the scenarios regarding the transferability of the concepts, online questionnaire sessions were conducted with an international audience. The feedback obtained by the participants allowed an analysis of the applicability of the concepts to other urban environments under comparable conditions at the international level. The paper presents the results obtained from the questionnaire sessions, allowing insight on the international perception of temporary pop-up environments and, specifically, strengths and weaknesses of the scenarios, as well as their possible applicability in the local contexts of the respondents. It was observed that while the perceptions of what requirements temporary housing must fulfil in order to be sustainable are quite uniform among the experts, the identified barriers for implementation within the different international contexts differed greatly. The designs of these temporary housing scenarios, which rely heavily on local resources and systems, are strongly interwoven with the fabric and conditions of the city they were conceptualised for. While this serves to promote the sustainability of these solutions, it poses a particular challenge for the international transferability, requiring heavy adaptation for other contexts.
Effectiveness of germicidal ultraviolet light to inactivate coronaviruses on personal protective equipment to reduce nosocomial transmission
Authors: Camargo Carolina , Lupien Andréanne , McIntosh Fiona , Menzies Dick , Behr Marcel A. , Sagan Selena M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjective:To circumvent the need for rationing personal protective equipment (PPE), we explored whether germicidal ultraviolet light (GUV) could be used to inactivate human coronaviruses on PPE, enabling safe reuse.Design:We performed a laboratory study to assess the ability of 2 commercially available portable GUV devices to inactivate 2 common cold coronaviruses (HCoV-229E and HCoV-OC43) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), on the surface of whole N95 respirators and coupons cut from those respirators. We experimentally contaminated N95 respirators with coronavirus cultures and then assessed viral inactivation after GUV exposure by plaque assay, the median tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) assay, and quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Results:We found that GUV could efficiently inactivate coronaviruses on the surface of N95 masks, with an average reduction in viral titers of 5-log for HCoV-229E, 3-log for HCoV-OC43, and 5-log for SARS-CoV-2. In addition, the GUV susceptibility of HCoV-229E was similar on coupons and whole N95 respirators.Conclusions:We demonstrate that diverse human coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2, are susceptible to GUV inactivation, and 2 scalable portable GUV devices were effective in inactivating coronaviruses on N95 respirators. Thus, GUV treatment with commercially scalable devices may be an effective method to decontaminate PPE, allowing their safe reuse.
Perceived organizational politics and turnover intentions: critical roles of social adaptive behavior and emotional regulation skills
Authors: De Clercq Dirk , Khan Muhammad Arshad , Haq Inam Ul 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWith a basis in conservation of resources theory, this study investigates how social adaptive behavior might mediate the relationship between employees' perceptions of organizational politics and their turnover intentions, as well as a buffering role of their emotional regulation skills as a critical personal resource. Data collected from employees in the food sector reveal that beliefs about dysfunctional political games spur turnover intentions, driven by employees' unwillingness to adjust themselves to the actions of their organizational colleagues. This mediating role of social adaptive behavior, or its lack, is less salient when employees have a greater ability to control their own emotions though. For organizations, this study accordingly pinpoints a key mechanism—a reluctance to accommodate other members' preferences—by which perceived organizational politics can escalate into a desire to leave the organization. It also reveals how this mechanism can be better contained by employees' ability to remain calm, even in difficult situations.
Control of glyphosate-resistant horseweed (Conyza canadensis) with tiafenacil mixes in corn
Authors: Soltani Nader , Shropshire Christy , Sikkema Peter H. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFour field experiments were completed in commercial corn fields during 2019 and 2020 to determine glyphosate-resistant (GR) horseweed control in corn with tiafenacil alone or in combination with bromoxynil, dicamba, or tolpyralate applied preplant (PP). Corn planted 1 to 10 d after herbicide application was not injured with any of the herbicides tested. GR horseweed interference reduced corn grain yield 32% when left uncontrolled. Herbicides reduced GR horseweed interference and resulted in corn grain yield that was similar to the weed-free control. Glyphosate (900 g ae ha−1) + tiafenacil at 12.5, 25, and 37.5 g ha−1 controlled GR horseweed 63%, 68%, and 72% at 4 wk after treatment (WAT) and decreased GR horseweed density 64%, 43%, and 83% and dry biomass 69%, 55%, and 83%, respectively. Glyphosate + tiafenacil at 12.5, 25, and 37.5 g ha−1 plus bromoxynil (280 g ai ha−1) controlled GR horseweed 81%, 88%, and 87% at 4 WAT and reduced GR horseweed density 82%, 94%, and 93% and dry biomass 93%, 93%, and 98%, respectively. Glyphosate + tiafenacil at 12.5, 25, and 37.5 g ha−1 plus dicamba (300 g ai ha−1) controlled GR horseweed 86%, 88%, and 88% at 4 WAT and decreased GR horseweed density 76%, 89%, and 86% and dry biomass 94%, 98%, and 98%, respectively. Glyphosate + tiafenacil at 12.5, 25, and 37.5 g ha−1 plus tolpyralate (30 g ai ha−1) controlled GR horseweed 90%, 90%, and 91% at 4 WAT and decreased GR horseweed density 93%, 91%, and 95% and dry biomass 98%, 97%, and 97%, respectively. The industry standards in Ontario, glyphosate + dicamba/atrazine and glyphosate + saflufenacil/dimethenamid-p controlled GR horseweed 95% and 100% at 4, 8, and 12 WAT and caused 99% and 100% density or biomass reduction, respectively.
Hydrodynamic constraints on the energy efficiency of droplet electricity generators
Authors: Riaud Antoine , Wang Cui , Zhou Jia , Xu Wanghuai , Wang Zuankai 
Published: June 2021

AbstractElectric energy generation from falling droplets has seen a hundred-fold rise in efficiency over the past few years. However, even these newest devices can only extract a small portion of the droplet energy. In this paper, we theoretically investigate the contributions of hydrodynamic and electric losses in limiting the efficiency of droplet electricity generators (DEG). We restrict our analysis to cases where the droplet contacts the electrode at maximum spread, which was observed to maximize the DEG efficiency. Herein, the electro-mechanical energy conversion occurs during the recoil that immediately follows droplet impact. We then identify three limits on existing droplet electric generators: (i) the impingement velocity is limited in order to maintain the droplet integrity; (ii) much of droplet mechanical energy is squandered in overcoming viscous shear force with the substrate; (iii) insufficient electrical charge of the substrate. Of all these effects, we found that up to 83% of the total energy available was lost by viscous dissipation during spreading. Minimizing this loss by using cascaded DEG devices to reduce the droplet kinetic energy may increase future devices efficiency beyond 10%.
Metabolic adaption to extracellular pyruvate triggers biofilm formation in Clostridioides difficile
Authors: Tremblay Yannick D N , Durand Benjamin A R , Hamiot Audrey , Martin-Verstraete Isabelle , Oberkampf Marine , Monot Marc , Dupuy Bruno 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Clostridioides difficile infections are associated with gut microbiome dysbiosis and are the leading cause of hospital-acquired diarrhoea. The infectious process is strongly influenced by the microbiota and successful infection relies on the absence of specific microbiota-produced metabolites. Deoxycholate and short-chain fatty acids are microbiota-produced metabolites that limit the growth of C. difficile and protect the host against this infection. In a previous study, we showed that deoxycholate causes C. difficile to form strongly adherent biofilms after 48 h. Here, our objectives were to identify and characterize key molecules and events required for biofilm formation in the presence of deoxycholate. We applied time-course transcriptomics and genetics to identify sigma factors, metabolic processes and type IV pili that drive biofilm formation. These analyses revealed that extracellular pyruvate induces biofilm formation in the presence of deoxycholate. In the absence of deoxycholate, pyruvate supplementation was sufficient to induce biofilm formation in a process that was dependent on pyruvate uptake by the membrane protein CstA. In the context of the human gut, microbiota-generated pyruvate is a metabolite that limits pathogen colonization. Taken together our results suggest that pyruvate-induced biofilm formation might act as a key process driving C. difficile persistence in the gut.
Potential lead-free small band gap halide double perovskites Cs2CuMCl6 (M = Sb, Bi) for green technology
Authors: Nabi Muskan , Gupta Dinesh C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractExplorations of stable lead-free perovskites have currently achieved substantial interest to overcome the instability and avoid toxicity related issue faced with the lead-based perovskites. In this study, we have comprehensively studied the stability, nature and origin of electronic, transport and optical properties of inorganic halide double perovskites, which could provide a better understanding of their possible potential applications. The density functional theory is used to investigate the different physical properties of these materials. The stability of these cubic materials is validated by optimizing the structure, tolerance factor, mechanical stability test. The materials are small band gap semiconductors with outshining optoelectronic performance. Due to high optical absorption, high conductivity and low reflectivity they have great potential to be used for optoelectronic application purpose. Because of small band gap we have also investigated the variation of various transport parameters with chemical potential. The semiconducting nature of materials results in ZT close to unity predicting its excellent application in thermoelectric technology.
Integration of substrate- and flow-derived stresses in endothelial cell mechanobiology
Authors: Dessalles Claire A. , Leclech Claire , Castagnino Alessia , Barakat Abdul I. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEndothelial cells (ECs) lining all blood vessels are subjected to large mechanical stresses that regulate their structure and function in health and disease. Here, we review EC responses to substrate-derived biophysical cues, namely topography, curvature, and stiffness, as well as to flow-derived stresses, notably shear stress, pressure, and tensile stresses. Because these mechanical cues in vivo are coupled and are exerted simultaneously on ECs, we also review the effects of multiple cues and describe burgeoning in vitro approaches for elucidating how ECs integrate and interpret various mechanical stimuli. We conclude by highlighting key open questions and upcoming challenges in the field of EC mechanobiology.