bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transitional states of sarcopenia: the trajectory of fat accumulation and glucose fluctuation on risk of metabolic syndrome
Authors: Wu Shou‐En , Chen Wei‐Liang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe association between sarcopenia and metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been well established. Nevertheless, the transition process between normal and low muscle mass (LMM) states and the effect of this transition on MetS has been less explored. Our study here examined whether the direction toward or away from LMM alters the risks of MetS. Initially, gene set enrichment analysis confirmed that MetS correlates with sarcopenia at the genetic level. Subsequently, 6476 eligible participants older than 60 years were enrolled between 2010 and 2016 at Tri‐Service General Hospital, Taiwan for evaluation. We discovered an inverse association between the skeletal muscle mass percentage and the risk of MetS. Participants were categorized into four subgroups: state 1 (normal→normal), state 2 (LMM→normal), state 3 (normal→LMM), and state 4 (LMM→LMM). State 4 had increased hazard ratios (HRs) of MetS, while state 2 revealed decreased HRs of MetS, hypertension (HTN), and type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). State 2 also showed decreased HRs for all five MetS components. Despite the fact that state 3 did not reach statistical significance, increased body fat percentage and glucose fluctuation were observed in this group. The transition direction toward LMM (states 3 and 4) showed deterioration in metabolic indices, leading to increased HRs for MetS, HTN, and T2DM. Conducting timely intervention during this transition process may effectively prevent adverse events accompanying LMM.
Irreducible Traumatic Radial Head Dislocation Due to Annular Ligament Interposition in a Child with Ulnar Plastic Deformation: A Case Report
Authors: Tran Dung T , Vu Nam T , Nguyen Quynh T , Duong Toan D , Hoang Du G , Dinh Son N , Le Son M , Dao Thanh X , Nguyen Long H 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundThe traumatic dislocation of the radial head in children is commonly treated by closed reduction. Sometimes, however, this strategy of treatment may not be effective due to the location of soft tissues in the radio‐shoulder joint. The literature presents a few cases of the irreducible radial head dislocation with ulnar plastic deformation. Because it is a relatively rare condition, such a traumatic dislocation can be easily missed. Neglected injuries can lead to unwanted complications and unpredictable surgical outcomes.Case presentationThis study presents a relatively rare case of traumatic radial head dislocation with ulnar plastic deformation in a 3‐year‐old child, which was successfully treated by open reduction. The examined case did not require osteotomy and ligamentous reconstruction. The initial attempt of closed reduction failed due to annular ligament interposition, which has been detected on MRI. After 3 months of treatment, the range of motion of the operated arm gradually improved. At the 6‐month follow‐up, the Mayo elbow‐performance score indicated an excellent treatment outcome.ConclusionsThe delayed treatment of radial head dislocation with ulnar plastic deformation can hinder the supination and pronation of the forearm, resulting in elbow/forearm deformity. The earlier this condition is detected, the easier it will be to treat it and the better the treatment outcome will be. The examined case of irreversible traumatic dislocation, successfully treated by open reduction, may help to treat radial head dislocation better.
Efficacy of One‐stage Paravertebral Approach using a Micro‐Tubular Technique in Treating Thoracic Dumbbell Tumors
Authors: Wang Rui , Chen Yan , Liang Zeyan , Yang Weizhong , Chen Chunmei 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to investigate the feasibility and efficacy of one‐stage surgical resection of thoracic dumbbell tumors using a paravertebral approach and a micro‐tubular technique.MethodsClinical data of thoracic dumbbell tumors resected using a paravertebral approach and a micro‐tubular technique (14 mm, non‐expandable type) in the Department of Neurosurgery at our hospital from July 2014 to July 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Tumors were found between T1 and T12 vertebrae. Operation time, blood loss, hospitalization, recovery of neurological function, complications, the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, and the visual analogue scale (VAS) score were used to evaluate clinical efficacy.ResultsIn all 31 cases, tumors were completely resected in one operation, with a mean blood loss of 53.23 ± 33.08 mL (20–150 mL) and a mean operation time of 95.16 ± 20.31 min (60–180 min). According to the Eden classification, there were four type II cases, 16 type III cases, and 11 type IV cases. The incidence of tumors in the lower thoracic segment (T8–T12) was 51.6% (16/31 cases), while the incidences in the upper thoracic segment (T1–T4) and middle segment (T5–T8) were 25.8% (8/31 cases) and 22.6% (7/31 cases), respectively. Pathological diagnoses were schwannoma (n = 22), gangliocytoma (n = 4), metastatic tumor (n = 2), neurofibroma (n = 1), granuloma (n = 1), and lipoma (n = 1). After surgery, symptoms were relieved in all patients. VAS and JOA scores significantly improved (P < 0.001). There was no pleural or lung injury, and there were no complications, such as cerebrospinal fluid leakage. The average follow‐up duration was 29 months (13–59 months), during which time no tumor recurrence or spinal instability occurred. The group of Eden type II tumors had lower JOA scores at 12 months postoperatively, longer operation times, and more estimated blood loss compared with other groups (P < 0.05). There were no significant influences on VAS scores at 12 months postoperatively and postoperative hospital stay from the different types of tumors.ConclusionThe paravertebral approach with a micro‐tubular technique is a safe and effective minimally invasive surgical approach for thoracic dumbbell tumors that allows one‐stage tumor resection using a single incision. Using this approach significantly reduces intraoperative blood loss and postoperative complications, shortens hospital stay, and reduces the rates of postoperative spinal instability.
Application of Spinal Robotic Navigation Technology to Minimally Invasive Percutaneous Treatment of Spinal Fractures: A Clinical, Non‐Randomized, Controlled Study
Authors: Shi Bin , Jiang Tianyu , Du Hailong , Zhang Wei , Hu Lei , Zhang Lihai 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveTo introduce a new robotic navigation system that assists pedicle screw implantation and verify the accuracy and stability of the system.MethodsPedicle screw placements were performed on the thoracic vertebrae (T)9–Lumbar vertebrae (L)5 thoracolumbar vertebrae of cadavers using robotic guidance. The operative duration, puncture success, correction, and correction time were assessed. Additionally, a total of 30 thoracolumbar fractures from September 2017 until June 2019 were included in a clinical study. Two groups were evaluated: the robotic guidance group and freehand group. Both sexes were evaluated. Mean ages were 47.0 and 49.1 years, respectively, in the robotic and freehand groups. Inclusion criteria was age >18 years and a thoracolumbar fracture. Intervention was the operative treatment of thoracolumbar fractures. Outcome parameters were the operation time, intraoperative bleeding, and fluoroscopic data. The accuracy of the pedicle screw placement and screw penetration rate of the two groups were compared using intraoperative fluoroscopic axial images.ResultsThe success rate for 108 one‐time nail placements in cadavers was 88% and two‐time nail placement was 100%. Vertebral punctures at L5 took the longest to perform and achieve correction. Clinically, there were no significant differences in patients' sex, body mass index, age distribution, or intraoperative bleeding between the groups. The average X‐ray exposure time for patients and operators were 37.69 ± 9.24 s and 0 s in the robotic group (significantly lower than in the freehand group: 81.24 ± 6.97 s vs 56.29 ± 7.93 s, respectively). Success rates for one‐time screw placements were 98.64 and 88.46% in the robotic and freehand groups, respectively, which is significant. Screw penetration rates (1.36% vs 11.54%, robotic vs freehand), were significantly different.ConclusionsThe robotic system improved the accuracy and safety of pedicle screw internal fixation and reduced patients' and operators' intraoperative radiation exposure.
Olfactory Amodal Completion
Authors: Young Benjamin D. , Nanay Bence 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAmodal completion is the representation of those parts of the perceived object that we get no sensory stimulation from. While amodal completion is rife and plays an essential role in all sense modalities, philosophical discussions of this phenomenon have almost entirely been limited to vision. The aim of this paper is to examine in what sense we can talk about amodal completion in olfaction. We distinguish three different senses of amodal completion – spatial, temporal, and feature‐based completion – and argue that all three are present and play a significant role in olfaction.
Paediatric deceased donor kidney transplant in Australia: A 30‐year review—What have paediatric bonuses achieved and where to from here?
Authors: Sypek Matthew P. , Davies Christopher E. , Le Page Amelia K. , Clayton Philip , Hughes Peter D. , Larkins Nicholas , Wong Germaine , Kausman Joshua Y. , Mackie Fiona 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn this 30‐year national review, we describe trends in DD transplantation for paediatric recipients, assess the impact of paediatric allocation bonuses and identify outstanding areas of need for this population.MethodsA retrospective review of all DD kidney only transplants to paediatric recipients (<18 years old) in Australia between 1989 and 2018 was conducted using deidentified extracts from the ANZDATA.ResultsOf the 1011 kidney only transplants performed in paediatric recipients during the study period, 426 (42%) were from deceased donors. Paediatric candidates on the DD waiting list had consistently higher rates of transplantation and shorter time from dialysis initiation to transplantation compared with adult candidates (median 372 vs 832 days in 2018, for example). Donor characteristics remained more favourable for paediatric recipients, despite a decline in the overall quality of the donor pool. The mean number of HLA antigen mismatches for paediatric recipients of DD transplants increased each decade (2.86 [1989–1998], 3.85 [1999–2008], 4.01 [2009–2018]). Both patient and graft survival have improved for paediatric DD transplant recipients in the most recent era (5‐year graft and patient survival 85% vs 65% and 99% vs 94%, respectively, for 2009–2018 vs 1999–2008).ConclusionsThe current DD kidney allocation system in Australia provides rapid access to high‐quality organs for paediatric recipients, and early graft loss has decreased significantly in recent years; however, additional targeted interventions to address HLA matching may improve long‐term outcomes in this population.
The experience of individuals placed in quarantine: A systematic review, meta‐summary, and meta‐synthesis
Authors: Basso Martina , Visintini Erica , Achil Illarj , Fabris Stefano , Mattiussi Elisa , Danielis Matteo , Palese Alvisa 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo summarize the experience of individuals placed in quarantine during an outbreak.DesignA meta‐summary and a meta‐synthesis based upon a systematic review of qualitative studies.SampleThe Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, MEDLINE, and Scopus databases were all searched up to April 2020.MeasurementsThe Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines were followed; then, the methodological quality of the studies included was assessed with the Critical Appraisal Screening Programme tool for qualitative studies.ResultsFive studies have been included documenting the experience of 125 adult individuals. A total of 16 codes emerged: in the meta‐summary, the most and least frequent codes were “Thinking about quarantine” (80%) and “Emotional roller coaster,” “Being alert for any symptom,” “Trusting or not?,” “Knowing who brought the infection,” and “Living in a surreal world” (20%). The codes which emerged were categorized into three main themes which summarized the whole experience of being placed in quarantine: (a) “Being swamped with a thousand emotions”; (b) “Being restrained”; and (c) “Needing to be considered.”ConclusionsThe experience of quarantine for people is a long journey which can feel chaotic due to uncertainty about the consequences on health, work, and the future. The findings of this study can help nurses in caring for quarantined individuals by enabling them to understand people's need for educational and emotional support. Ensuring the supply of consistent information is also important to increase people's compliance.
Genome‐wide association study (GWAS) of Phaseolus vulgaris resistance to Xanthomonas citri pv. fuscans
Authors: Monteiro Ana Leticia R. , Pantaleão Augusto S. L. , Badel Jorge L. , Soares Pedro H. M. , Carneiro Vinicius Q. , Carneiro Pedro C. S. , Carneiro José Eustáquio S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCommon bean is one of the main legumes used for food worldwide. Among the main limitations for its production is common bacterial blight (CBB) caused by Xanthomonas citri pv. fuscans (Xcf). The most desirable method to control the disease is the use of plant genetic resistance, but resistance against Xcf has not been sufficiently investigated. Genetic studies have shown that resistance to CBB is of quantitative type, but no gene associated with resistance has been identified. Here, we aimed to determine the resistance to CBB of 103 Mesoamerican common bean cultivars by evaluating disease severity and the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) after inoculation with a Xcf strain. In addition, 80 of the evaluated cultivars were used to investigate the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with the resistance phenotype in a genome‐wide association study (GWAS). Twenty‐nine cultivars were classified as highly resistant, 15 of which are shown to be resistant to CBB for the first time in this work. A positive correlation between AUDPC and disease severity was observed. The 10 SNPs with the highest −log10(p) values in the GWAS are located on bean chromosomes Pv01, Pv03, Pv06, Pv07, Pv08, Pv09, Pv10, and Pv11 within or near genes predicted to code for biochemical functions such as serine/threonine‐protein kinase, glutamine synthase, lectin domain protein, MADS‐domain transcription factor, and pentatricopeptide repeat protein, previously associated with immunity. This work identifies common bean germplasm resistant to Xcf, molecular markers for germplasm selection, and genes potentially involved in the resistance response.
Limited plasticity in embolism resistance in response to light in leaves and stems in species with considerable vulnerability segmentation
Authors: Avila Rodrigo T. , Cardoso Amanda A. , Batz Timothy A. , Kane Cade N. , DaMatta Fábio M. , McAdam Scott A. M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractXylem resistance to embolism is a key metric determining plant survival during drought. Yet, we have a limited understanding of the degree of plasticity in vulnerability to embolism. Here, we tested whether light availability influences embolism resistance in leaves and stems. The optical vulnerability method was used to assess stem and leaf resistance to embolism in Phellodendron amurense and Ilex verticillata acclimated to sun and shade microenvironments within the same canopy. In both species, we found considerable segmentation in xylem resistance to embolism between leaves and stems, but only minor acclimation in response to light availability. With the addition of a third species, Betula pubescens, which shows no vulnerability segmentation, we sought to investigate xylem anatomical traits that might correlate with strong vulnerability segmentation. We found a correlation between the area fraction of vessels in the xylem and embolism resistance across species and tissue types. Our results suggest that minimal acclimation of embolism resistance occurs in response to light environment in the same individual and that the degree of vulnerability segmentation between leaves and stems might be determined by the vessel lumen fraction of the xylem.
Embodiment of sleep‐related words: Evidence from event‐related potentials
Authors: Hülsemann Mareike J. , Rasch Björn 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOur thoughts can influence sleep, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. According to the theory of “embodied cognition,” the semantic content of cognitive processes is represented by multimodal networks in the brain, which include body‐related functions. Such multimodal representations could offer a mechanism, which explains mutual influences between cognition and sleep. Here we tested whether sleep‐related words are represented in multimodal networks by examining the effect of congruent versus incongruent body positions on word processing during wakefulness. We experimentally manipulated the body position of 66 subjects (19–40 years old) between standing upright and lying down. Sleep‐ and activity‐related words were presented around the individual speech recognition threshold. Our results show that word processing was facilitated in congruent body positions (sleep words: lying down and activity words: standing upright) compared with incongruent body positions, as indicated by a reduced N400 in the congruent condition with the lowest volume. In addition, early sensory components of the ERP (N180 and P280) were enhanced, suggesting that words were also acoustically better understood in a congruent body position. However, the difference in ERPs did not translate to differences on a behavioral level. Our results support the prediction of embodied processing of sleep‐ and activity‐related words. Body position potentially induces a pre‐activation of multimodal networks, thereby enhancing access to the semantic concepts of words related to current body position. The link between semantic meaning and body‐related function could be a key element in explaining the influences of cognitive processing on sleep.
A tale of two morphs: developmental patterns and mechanisms of seed coat differentiation in the dimorphic diaspore model Aethionema arabicum (Brassicaceae)
Authors: Arshad Waheed , Lenser Teresa , Wilhelmsson Per K. I. , Chandler Jake O. , Steinbrecher Tina , Marone Federica , Pérez Marta , Collinson Margaret E. , Stuppy Wolfgang , Rensing Stefan A. , Theißen Günter , Leubner‐Metzger Gerhard 
Published: May 2021

SUMMARYThe developmental transition from a fertilized ovule to a dispersed diaspore (seed or fruit) involves complex differentiation processes of the ovule's integuments leading to the diversity in mature seed coat structures in angiosperms. In this study, comparative imaging and transcriptome analysis were combined to investigate the morph‐specific developmental differences during outer seed coat differentiation and mucilage production in Aethionema arabicum, the Brassicaceae model for diaspore dimorphism. One of the intriguing adaptations of this species is the production and dispersal of morphologically distinct, mucilaginous and non‐mucilaginous diaspores from the same plant (dimorphism). The dehiscent fruit morph programme producing multiple mucilaginous seed diaspores was used as the default trait combination, similar to Arabidopsis thaliana, and was compared with the indehiscent fruit morph programme leading to non‐mucilaginous diaspores. Synchrotron‐based radiation X‐ray tomographic microscopy revealed a co‐ordinated framework of morph‐specific early changes in internal anatomy of developing A. arabicum gynoecia including seed abortion in the indehiscent programme and mucilage production by the mucilaginous seed coat. The associated comparative analysis of the gene expression patterns revealed that the unique seed coat dimorphism of Ae. arabicum provides an excellent model system for comparative study of the control of epidermal cell differentiation and mucilage biosynthesis by the mucilage transcription factor cascade and their downstream cell wall and mucilage remodelling genes. Elucidating the underlying molecular framework of the dimorphic diaspore syndrome is key to understanding differential regulation of bet‐hedging survival strategies in challenging environments, timely in the face of global climatic change.
Root‐secreted peptide OsPEP1 regulates primary root elongation in rice
Authors: Xiang Dan , Meng Funing , Wang Aodi , Wu Yunrong , Wang Zhiye , Zheng Shaojian , Mao Chuanzao 
Published: May 2021

SummaryHormone‐like signaling peptides play essential roles in plant growth and development; however, few peptides regulating root development have been identified in rice (Oryza sativa). Here, we combined liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) with whole‐genome in silico screening for root‐secreted peptides in rice. We identified the five‐amino‐acid PEPTIDE 1 (PEP1) encoded by OsPEP1 (LOC_Os11g09560). OsPEP1 was expressed highly in root tissues, especially root cap cells and epidermal cells in the root maturation zone. Exogenous application of PEP1 inhibited primary root growth. Notably, OsPEP1 RNA interference (RNAi) lines had short primary roots with small meristems and short cells in the root elongation zone; furthermore, the short root phenotype of OsPEP1 RNAi plants could be rescued by exogenous application of PEP1. Our transcriptome data further revealed that PEP1 could reprogram the expression of genes in different pathways, including oxidation–reduction. OsPEP1 overexpression lines similarly displayed short roots, although this phenotype was not rescued by exogenous PEP1. These results suggest that root growth can be inhibited by both too much and too little PEP1. Our findings highlight PEP1 as a candidate plant peptide hormone regulating root development in rice.
Cytologic, histopathologic, and clinical features of granulomatous colitis in a French Bulldog
Authors: Conrado Francisco O. , Jones Emery A. , Graham Erin A. , Simpson Kenneth W. , Craft William F. , Beatty Sarah S. K. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA young French Bulldog was presented with clinical signs of chronic gastrointestinal disease, unresponsive to medical therapies. Parasite screenings and abdominal ultrasound failed to identify the etiology of the clinical signs. Cytologic evaluation of a rectal scraping sample diagnosed presumptive granulomatous colitis (GC) based on the presence of numerous macrophages with characteristic abundant, pink, granular cytoplasm, which showed an intense pink color when stained with periodic acid‐Schiff. Tissue biopsy samples and Escherichia coli fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis confirmed the cytologic diagnosis. The cytologic, histopathologic, and clinical features and staining properties of GC in a French Bulldog are reported. Rectal scraping should be considered a part of the diagnostic evaluation in patients with suspected GC.