bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Valuation Survey of EQ-5D-Y Based on the International Common Protocol: Development of a Value Set in Japan
Authors: Shiroiwa Takeru , Ikeda Shunya , Noto Shinichi , Fukuda Takashi , Stolk Elly 
Published: March 2021

Background EQ-5D-Y is a preference-based measure for children and adolescents (aged 8–15 y). This is the first study to develop an EQ-5D-Y value set for converting EQ-5D-Y responses to index values. Methods We recruited 1047 respondents (aged 20–79 y) from the general population, stratified by gender and age group, in 5 Japanese cities. All data were collected through face-to-face surveys. Respondents were asked to value EQ-5D-Y states for a hypothetical 10-y-old child from a proxy perspective using composite time tradeoff (cTTO) and a discrete choice experiment (DCE). The discrete choice data were analyzed using a mixed logit model. Latent DCE values were then converted to a 0 (death)/1 (full health) scale by mapping them to the cTTO values. Results The mean observed cTTO value of the worst health state [33333] was 0.20. Analysis of the DCE data showed that the coefficients of the domains related to mental functions (“Having pain or discomfort” and “Feeling worried, sad, or unhappy”) were larger than those for the domains related to physical and social functions. By converting latent DCE values to a utility scale, we constructed a value set for EQ-5D-Y. No inconsistencies were observed. The minimum predicted score was 0.288 [33333], and the second-best score was 0.957 [12111]. Conclusion A value set for EQ-5D-Y was successfully constructed. This is the first survey of an EQ-5D-Y value set. Interpreting the differences between EQ-5D-Y and EQ-5D-5L value sets is a future task with implications for health care policy.
Long non-coding (lnc)RNA profiling and the role of a key regulator lnc-PNRC2-1 in the transforming growth factor-β1-induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition of CNE1 nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells
Authors: Yang Jie , Feng Enzi , Ren Yanxin , Qiu Shun , Zhao Liufang , Li Xiaojiang 
Published: March 2021

Objectives To identify key long non-coding (lnc)RNAs responsible for the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) of CNE1 nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells and to investigate possible regulatory mechanisms in EMT. Methods CNE1 cells were divided into transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-induced EMT and control groups. The mRNA and protein expression of EMT markers was determined by real-time quantitative PCR and western blotting. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two groups were identified by RNA sequencing analysis, and DEG functions were analyzed by gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses. EMT marker expression was re-evaluated by western blotting after knockdown of a selected lncRNA. Results TGF-β1-induced EMT was characterized by decreased E-cadherin and increased vimentin, N-cadherin, and Twist expression at both mRNA and protein levels. Sixty lncRNA genes were clustered in a heatmap, and mRNA expression of 14 dysregulated lncRNAs was consistent with RNA sequencing. Knockdown of lnc-PNRC2-1 increased expression of its antisense gene MYOM3 and reduced expression of EMT markers, resembling treatment with the TGF-β1 receptor inhibitor LY2109761. Conclusion Various lncRNAs participated indirectly in the TGF-β1-induced EMT of CNE1 cells. Lnc-PNRC2-1 may be a key regulator of this and is a potential target to alleviate CNE1 cell EMT.
Testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin in dysglycemic women at high cardiovascular risk: A report from the Outcome Reduction with an Initial Glargine Intervention trial
Authors: Wang Anne , Gerstein Hertzel C , Lee Shun Fu , Hess Sibylle , Paré Guillaume , Rydén Lars , Mellbin Linda G 
Published: March 2021

Aims: Total and free testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin may affect cardiovascular prognosis in women. The objective was to study the association between sex hormones and prognosis in women with dysglycemia and high cardiovascular risk. Methods: This epidemiological report included dysglycemic women from the Outcome Reduction with an Initial Glargine Intervention trial ( n = 2848) with baseline total testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin. Free testosterone was calculated with the Vermeulen formula. Cox regression analyses adjusted for variables including age, previous diseases and pharmacological treatments were used to estimate the association between these levels and the composite cardiovascular outcome (death from cardiovascular causes, nonfatal myocardial infarction or nonfatal stroke) and all-cause mortality per one standard deviation. Results: Patients (73% post-menopausal) were followed for a median of 6.1 years during which 377 cardiovascular events and 389 deaths occurred. In Cox analyses, total and free testosterone were not associated with any outcomes, but sex hormone-binding globulin was related to all-cause mortality in age adjusted (HR 1.15; 95% CI 1.06–1.24; p < 0.01) and fully adjusted analyses (HR 1.14; 95% CI 1.05–1.24; p < 0.01). Conclusions: Increasing levels of baseline sex hormone-binding globulin were associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality in dysglycemic women at high cardiovascular risk. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov no. NCT00069784.
PVT1 Expression Is a Predictor for Poor Survival of Prostate Cancer Patients
Authors: Liu Jianhua , Li Yanqing , Zhang Qiqi , Lv Chaoxiang , Wang Mingwei , Jiao Yan , Wang Chunxi 
Published: March 2021

Objective: Dysregulation of long noncoding RNA is associated with a variety of cancers and LncRNA has anticancer or carcinogenic activities. PVT1, as a long noncoding RNA, plays an important role in the development of cancer. Methods: We use R to download and analyze the data in TCGA database. ROC curve is generated to evaluate the significance of PVT1 expression for the diagnosis of prostate cancer. Chi-square test is used to test correlation between PVT1 expression and clinical pathological features. Survival curve and univariate and multivariate cox regression analysis is performed to compare differences in the effect on the survival rate between PVT1 high expression and low expression. Results: The expression of PTV1 in tumor tissues was significantly higher than that in normal tissues(P<2.2e-16). The difference of PTV1 expression was observed according to vital status (P = 0.0051) and Gleason score (P = 0.0012). The expression of PTV1 is significantly associated with T classification (P < 0.0001), N classification (P = 0.0499), PSA (P = 0.0001), Gleason Score (P < 0.0001), targeted molecular therapy (P = 0.0264) and vital status(P = 0.0036). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.860, which revealed PTV1 expression has excellent diagnostic value in prostate cancer. Patients with high PVT1 expression had a worse prognosis. Conclusions: PVT1 expression may be a biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer.
Optical coherence tomography for elucidation of flow-diversion phenomena: The concept of endothelized mural thrombus behind reversible in-stent stenosis in flow-diverters
Authors: Monteiro Andre , Lopes Demetrius K , Aghaebrahim Amin , Hanel Ricardo 
Published: March 2021

Purpose Flow-diverters have revolutionized the endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms, offering a durable solution to aneurysms with high recurrence rates after conventional stent-assisted coiling. Events that occur after treatment with flow-diversion, such as in-stent stenosis (ISS) are not well understood and require further assessment. After assessing an animal model with Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), we propose a concept that could explain the mechanism causing reversible ISS after treatment of intracranial aneurysms with flow-diverters. Methods Six Pipeline Flex embolization devices (PED-Flex), six PED with Shield technology (PED-Shield), and four Solitaire AB devices were implanted in the carotid arteries (two stents per vessel) of four pigs. Intravascular optical coherence tomography (OCT) and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) images obtained on day 21 were compared to histological specimens. Results A case of ISS in a PED-Flex device was assessed with OCT imaging. Neointima with asymmetrical topography completely covering the PED struts was observed. Histological preparations of the stenotic area demonstrated thrombus on the surface of device struts, covered by neointima. Conclusion This study provides a plausible concept for reversible ISS in flow-diverters. Based on an observation of a previous experiment, we propose that similar cases of ISS are related to thrombus presence underneath endothelization, but further experiments focused on this phenomenon are needed. Optical Coherence Tomography will be useful tool when available for clinical use.
Capitate shortening osteotomy and vascularized bone grafting for Kienböck’s disease in ulnar positive or neutral wrists
Authors: Hunter Alistair R. , Temperley David , Trail Ian A. 
Published: March 2021

We report the short- to medium-term outcomes for patients with Kienböck’s disease and ulnar positive or neutral wrists treated by capitate shortening osteotomy combined with a 4 + 5 extensor compartmental artery vascularized bone graft placed in the lunate. This is a retrospective study of seven consecutive patients with Lichtman Stage 2 to 3B. Radiological and clinical outcomes were evaluated. Six patients maintained their Lichtman stage, one progressed. Mean time to union of the capitate was 10 weeks. Five of six lunates were completely revascularized on MRI scans, with one partial revascularization. Mean follow-up for functional scores was 40 months (range 15 to 62). Mean pain score improved significantly from 7.4/10 preoperatively to 1.9/10 postoperatively, and patient satisfaction was 9.2/10. Mean postoperative Quick Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand, Patient Evaluation Measure and Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation scores were improved. All patients returned to their previous work. We conclude that this procedure has good short- to medium-term outcomes. Level of evidence: IV
Single-Leg Squat Compensations Are Associated With Softball Pitching Pathomechanics in Adolescent Softball Pitchers
Authors: Friesen Kenzie B. , Shaw Regan E. , Shannon David M. , Dugas Jeffrey R. , Andrews James R. , Oliver Gretchen D. 
Published: March 2021

Background: A lack of lumbopelvic-hip complex (LPHC) stability is often associated with altered pitching mechanics, thus increasing pain and injury susceptibility. The single-leg squat (SLS) is a simple diagnostic tool used to examine LPHC stability. Purpose: To examine the relationship between trunk compensatory kinematics during the SLS and kinematics at foot contact during the windmill pitch. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Participants included 55 youth and high school softball pitchers (mean age, 12.6 ± 2.2 years; height, 160.0 ± 11.0 cm; weight, 60.8 ± 15.5 kg). Kinematic data were collected at 100 Hz using an electromagnetic tracking device. Participants were asked to complete an SLS on each leg, then throw 3 fastballs at maximal effort. Values of trunk flexion, trunk lateral flexion, and trunk rotation at peak depth of the SLS were used as the dependent variables in 3 separate backward-elimination regression analyses. Independent variables examined at foot contact of the pitch were as follows: trunk flexion, trunk lateral flexion, trunk rotation, center of mass, stride length, and stride knee valgus. Results: The SLS trunk rotation regression ( F(1,56) = 4.980, P = .030) revealed that trunk flexion predicted SLS trunk rotation (SE = 0.068, t = 2.232, P = .030) and explained approximately 7% of the variance in SLS trunk rotation ( R 2 = 0.083, adjusted R 2 = 0.066). The SLS trunk flexion regression ( F(1,56) = 5.755, P = 0.020) revealed that stride knee valgus significantly predicted SLS trunk flexion (SE = 0.256, t = 2.399, P = .020) and explained approximately 8% of variance in SLS trunk flexion ( R 2 = 0.095, adjusted R 2 = 0.078). Conclusion: Additional trunk rotation and trunk flexion at peak depth of the SLS showed increased knee valgus and trunk flexion at foot contact of the pitch, both of which indicate poor LPHC stability during the softball pitch and may increase the potential for injury. Clinical Relevance: Players and coaches should implement SLS analyses to determine their players’ risk for injury and compensation due to poor core stability.
Genotype-expression interactions for BDNF across human brain regions
Authors: Devlin Patrick , Cao Xueyuan , Stanfill Ansley Grimes 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundGenetic variations in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are associated with various psychiatric disorders including depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, substance use disorders, and schizophrenia; altered gene expression triggered by these genetic variants may serve to create these phenotypes. But genotype-expression interactions for this gene have not been well-studied across brain regions relevant for psychiatric disorders.ResultsAt false discovery rate (FDR) of 10% (q < 0.1), a total of 61 SNPs were associated withBDNFexpression in cerebellum (n = 209), 55 SNPs in cortex (n = 205), 48 SNPs in nucleus accumbens (n = 202), 47 SNPs in caudate (n = 194), and 58 SNPs in cerebellar hemisphere (n = 175). We identified a set of 30 SNPs in 2 haplotype blocks that were associated with alterations in expression for each of these 5 regions. The first haplotype block included variants associated in the literature with panic disorders (rs16917204), addiction (rs11030104), bipolar disorder (rs16917237/rs2049045), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (rs6265). Likewise, variants in the second haplotype block have been previously associated with disorders such as nicotine addiction, major depressive disorder (rs988748), and epilepsy (rs6484320/rs7103411).ConclusionsThis work supports the association of variants withinBDNFfor expression changes in these key brain regions that may contribute to common behavioral phenotypes for disorders of compulsion, impulsivity, and addiction. These SNPs should be further investigated as possible therapeutic and diagnostic targets to aid in management of these and other psychiatric disorders.
Framing and self-responsibility modulate brain activities in decision escalation
Authors: Liang Ting-Peng , Li Yu-Wen , Yen Nai-Shing , Turel Ofir , Hsu Sen-Mou 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundEscalation of commitment is a common bias in human decision making. The present study examined (1) differences in neural recruitment for escalation and de-escalation decisions of prior investments, and (2) how the activations of these brain networks are affected by two factors that can arguably modulate escalation decisions: (i) self-responsibility, and (ii) framing of the success probabilities.ResultsImaging data were obtained from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) applied to 29 participants. A whole-brain analysis was conducted to compare brain activations between conditions. ROI analysis, then, was used to examine if these significant activations were modulated by two contextual factors. Finally, mediation analysis was applied to explore how the contextual factors affect escalation decisions through brain activations. The findings showed that (1) escalation decisions are faster than de-escalation decisions, (2) the corresponding network of brain regions recruited for escalation (anterior cingulate cortex, insula and precuneus) decisions differs from this recruited for de-escalation decisions (inferior and superior frontal gyri), (3) the switch from escalation to de-escalation is primarily frontal gyri dependent, and (4) activation in the anterior cingulate cortex, insula and precuneus were further increased in escalation decisions, when the outcome probabilities of the follow-up investment were positively framed; and activation in the inferior and superior frontal gyri in de-escalation decisions were increased when the outcome probabilities were negatively framed.ConclusionsEscalation and de-escalation decisions recruit different brain regions. Framing of possible outcomes as negative leads to escalation decisions through recruitment of the inferior frontal gyrus. Responsibility for decisions affects escalation decisions through recruitment of the superior (inferior) gyrus, when the decision is framed positively (negatively).
Plaque erosion causing ST-elevation myocardial infarction after consumption of cannabis and N2O in a 27-year old man: a case report
Authors: Bär Sarah , Praz Fabien , Räber Lorenz 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
The recreational drugs cannabis and nitrous oxide (N2O) are known for pro-atherogenic effects and are associated with an elevated risk of myocardial infarction. These cardiovascular effects might be underestimated by the public. Culprit-lesion composition of myocardial infarctions associated with cannabis and N2O has been unknown so far. This case report aims to raise the awareness of the adverse cardiovascular effects of cannabis and N2O and reports, for the first time, optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings of the culprit lesion.

Case presentation
This is a case report of a 27-year old man with anterior ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) after intoxication with cannabis and N2O. Coronary angiography and OCT revealed plaque erosion with subsequent subtotal thrombotic occlusion of the left anterior descending artery that was successfully treated with 1 drug-eluting stent. The patient was symptom free at 6 months follow-up and had been able to abstain from drug consumption.

Conclusions
This is the first case to demonstrate the association between cannabis and N2O abuse and plaque erosion on OCT in a young man with STEMI. In contrast to smoking, whose adverse effects are well-known, the cardiovascular effects of cannabis and N2O might be underestimated. These adverse effects should gain more awareness in the public to prevent early vascular events in young adults.
Perceived occupational stressors among emergency medical service providers: a qualitative study
Authors: Afshari Ali , Borzou Seyed Reza , Shamsaei Farshid , Mohammadi Eesa , Tapak Leili 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Emergency medical services (EMS) providers are at continuous exposure to occupational stressors which negatively affect their health and professional practice. This study explored perceived occupational stressors among EMS providers.

Methods
This qualitative study was conducted from December 2019 to April 2020 using conventional content analysis. Sixteen EMS providers were purposively selected from EMS stations in Hamadan, Iran. Semi-structured interviews (with length of 45–60 min) were held for data collection. Data were analyzed through Graneheim and Lundman’s conventional content analysis approach.

Findings
Data analysis resulted in the development of two themes, namely critical conditions of EMS provision, and personal and professional conflicts. The six categories of these two themes were complexity of patients’ clinical conditions, interruption of EMS provision, health hazards, interpersonal problems, interprofessional interactions, and legal conflicts.

Conclusion
Besides the stress associated with emergency patient care, EMS providers face many different occupational stressors. EMS managers can use the findings of the present study to develop strategies for reducing occupational stress among EMS providers and thereby, improve their health and care quality.
A study on prospective associations between adiposity and 7-year changes in movement behaviors among older women based on compositional data analysis
Authors: Pelclová Jana , Štefelová Nikola , Olds Timothy , Dumuid Dorothea , Hron Karel , Chastin Sebastien , Pedišić Željko 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionIt is unclear whether adiposity leads to changes in movement behaviors, and there is a lack of compositional analyses of longitudinal data which focus on these associations. Using a compositional approach, this study aimed to examine the associations between baseline adiposity and 7-year changes in physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) among elderly women. We also explored the longitudinal associations between change in adiposity and change in movement-behavior composition.MethodsThis longitudinal study included 176 older women (mean baseline age 62.8 (4.1) years) from Central Europe. Movement behavior was assessed by accelerometers and adiposity was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis at baseline and follow-up. A set of multivariate least-squares regression analyses was used to examine the associations of baseline adiposity and longitudinal changes in adiposity as explanatory variables with longitudinal changes in a 3-part movement-behavior composition consisting of SB, light PA (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) as outcome variables.ResultsNo significant associations were found between baseline adiposity and longitudinal changes in the movement-behavior composition (p > 0.05). We found significant associations of changes in body mass index (BMI) and fat mass percentage (FM%) with changes in the movement-behavior composition. An increase in BMI was associated with an increase of SB at the expense of LPA and MVPA (β = 0.042,p = 0.009) and with a decrease of MVPA in favor of SB and LPA (β = − 0.059,p = 0.037). An increase in FM% was significantly associated only with an increase of SB at the expense of LPA and MVPA (β = 0.019,p = 0.031).ConclusionsThis study did not support the assumption that baseline adiposity is associated with longitudinal changes in movement behaviors among elderly women, but we found evidence for change-to-change associations, suggesting that a 7-year increase in adiposity is associated with a concurrent increase of SB at the expense of LPA and MVPA and with a concurrent decrease of MVPA in favor of LPA and SB. Public health interventions are needed to simultaneously prevent weight gain and promote physically active lifestyle among elderly women.
Epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of invasive Escherichia coli infection in neonates from 2012 to 2019 in Xiamen, China
Authors: Lai Jidong , Zhu Yao , Tang Lixia , Lin Xinzhu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Escherichia coli (E. coli) is one of the important causative pathogens of neonatal invasive infection. The epidemiological and clinical profile of invasive E. coli infection in Chinese newborns is not well characterized.

Methods
Ninety-four infants with invasive E. coli infection were categorized into E. coli early onset disease (EOD) group (onset ≤72 h after birth) (n = 46) and E. coli late onset disease (LOD) group (onset > 72 h) (n = 48). We compared and analyzed the clinical characteristics and drug sensitivity profile of early-onset and late-onset E. coli invasive infection in neonates.

Results
The incidence of E. coli-EOD and E.coli-LOD was 0.45/1000 live births (LBs) and 0.47/1000 LBs, respectively. The incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus, perinatal fever, urinary tract infection, chorioamnionitis, and positive E. coli culture among mothers in the E. coli-EOD group were significantly higher than that in E. coli-LOD group. The incidence of premature birth, low-birth-weight, nosocomial infection, and hospitalization time were significantly higher in the E. coli-LOD group. The main disease in E. coli-EOD group was pneumonia (main clinical manifestation: dyspnea). The main disease in E. coli-LOD group was sepsis (main clinical manifestation: fever). The sensitivity rates of E. coli strains to ampicillin and piperacillin were low (25.00–28.79%); sensitivity to cephalosporins was also low except ceftazidime (lowest sensitivity rate: 57.14%). Sensitivity to compound preparations containing β-lactamase inhibitors was high, even for extended spectrum β-lactamase-positive strains (nearly 100%).

Conclusion
E. coli is an important cause of invasive infection of newborns in Xiamen, China. E. coli-EOD was largely attributable to perinatal factors, while E. coli-LOD was largely related to nosocomial infection. Compound preparations containing β-lactamase inhibitor or carbapenem antibiotics should be preferred for neonatal invasive infection by E. coli.