bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of CSF proteins with tau and amyloid β levels in asymptomatic 70-year-olds
Authors: Remnestål Julia , Bergström Sofia , Olofsson Jennie , Sjöstedt Evelina , Uhlén Mathias , Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik , Zettergren Anna , Kern Silke , Skoog Ingmar , Nilsson Peter , Månberg Anna 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundIncreased knowledge of the evolution of molecular changes in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is important for the understanding of disease pathophysiology and also crucial to be able to identify and validate disease biomarkers. While several biological changes that occur early in the disease development have already been recognised, the need for further characterization of the pathophysiological mechanisms behind AD still remains.MethodsIn this study, we investigated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of 104 proteins in 307 asymptomatic 70-year-olds from the H70 Gothenburg Birth Cohort Studies using a multiplexed antibody- and bead-based technology. ResultsThe protein levels were first correlated with the core AD CSF biomarker concentrations of total tau, phospho-tau and amyloid beta (Aβ42) in all individuals. Sixty-three proteins showed significant correlations to either total tau, phospho-tau or Aβ42. Thereafter, individuals were divided based on CSF Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio and Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) score to determine if early changes in pathology and cognition had an effect on the correlations. We compared the associations of the analysed proteins with CSF markers between groups and found 33 proteins displaying significantly different associations for amyloid-positive individuals and amyloid-negative individuals, as defined by the CSF Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio. No differences in the associations could be seen for individuals divided by CDR score.ConclusionsWe identified a series of transmembrane proteins, proteins associated with or anchored to the plasma membrane, and proteins involved in or connected to synaptic vesicle transport to be associated with CSF biomarkers of amyloid and tau pathology in AD. Further studies are needed to explore these proteins’ role in AD pathophysiology.
Study on the Relationship Between Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Pregnant Women and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes
Authors: Huang Zhi-Hao , Peng Ting-Ting , Yan Sheng-Guang , Yu Dong-Dong , Qiu Jun-Chao , Liu Mei-Ling , Huang Xin-Yue , Xu Guo-Jun , Ou-Yang Shi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective: Aim to the relationship between adverse pregnant outcomes with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in pregnant women. Simultaneously, assess the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes (APO) among different serum HBV status in pregnant women. Method: From 2017 to 2019, we studied HBsAg (+) pregnant women and HBsAg (-) who gave birth at our hospital in Guangzhou City, China. We compared of the incidence of pregnant women with HBsAg(+) or HBsAg(-). Further, among HBsAg(+) pregnant women, We compared of the incidence of pregnant women with HBeAg(+) group or HBeAg(-) group, high HBV DNA loads (HBV DNA≥2×10^5IU/mL) group or low HBV DNA loads (HBV DNA＜2×10^5IU/mL) group, respectively. Finally, multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the independent association between HBV infection and the risk of developing APO.Result: First, Our research Indicates that the rates of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP), premature rupture of membrane (PROM), Fetal distress (FD), Oligohydramnios, Premature delivery (PD), Low birth weight (LBW), Meconium contamination (MC), Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia(NH) in HBsAg(+) group were higher than those in HBsAg(-) group (P<0.05). Second, among 711 HBsAg(+) pregnant women, the rates of GDM and ICP in high loads of HBV DNA were higher than those in low loads of HBV DNA group (P<0.05). Similarly, The rates of ICP in HBeAg(+) group were higher than those in HBeAg(-) group. Further, through multivariable logistical regression model analysis, we observed maternal HBsAg carrier (OR, 6.758; 95% CI, 2.358-19.369) had an independent risk for ICP. Similarly, HBsAg carrier(OR, 1.101; 95% CI, 1.066-1.137) ,advanced age (OR, 1.407; 95% CI,1.016-1.137) and abortion(OR,1.446; 95% CI, 1.062-1.969) had independent risk for GDM. Conclusions: Chronic HBV infection can increase the rate of host adverse pregnancy outcomes (APO). The maternal viral load and HBeAg status were significantly associated with the incidence of GDM and ICP. Maternal HBsAg carrier had an independent risk for GDM and ICP.
Lesion-associated microglia and macrophages react with massive phagocytosis for debris clearance and wound healing after LPS-induced dopaminergic depletion
Authors: Heman-Bozadas Paola , Romero Cristina , Frías Alba , Saavedra-López Elena , Casanova Paola Virginia , Roig-Martínez Meritxell , Cribaro George Paul , Rovirosa-Hernández Maria de Jesus , Hernández-Baltazar Daniel , Barcia Carlos 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background Neuroinflammation contributes to neuronal degeneration in Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, how brain inflammatory factors mediate the progression of neurodegeneration is still poorly understood. Experimental models of PD have shed light on the understanding of this phenomenon, but the exploration of inflammation-driven models is necessary to better characterize this aspect of the disorder. The use of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce a neuroinflammation-mediated neuronal loss is useful to induce reliable elimination of dopaminergic neurons. Nevertheless, how this model parallels the PD-like neuroinflammation is uncertain.Methods In the present work, we used the direct LPS stereotactic injection as a model inductor to eliminate dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) in rats and reevaluated the microanatomy of inflammatory reaction three and seven days after the insult. For this, we analyzed the tissue with high resolution confocal microscopy to assess the neuronal loss, the vulnerability of dopaminergic neurons, as well as the activation of lesion-associated microglia and macrophages (LAMMs) together with the visualization of their phagocytic capacity. In addition, we set up a co-culture of BV2 microglia and PC12 dopaminergic cells to understand the role of LPS-mediated neuroinflammatory toxicity versus phagocytosis.Results High-resolution 3D histological examination revealed that, although LPS induced a reliable elimination of SNpc dopaminergic neurons, it also generated a massive neuroinflammatory response. This inflammation-mediated injury was characterized by a damaged parenchyma occupied by a vast population of LAMMs undertaking wound compaction and scar formation. LAMMs tiled the entire lesion and engaged in long-standing phagocytic activity to resolve the injury. Additionally, modeling LPS inflammation in a cell culture system helped to understand the role of phagocytosis and cytotoxicity in dopaminergic degeneration and indicated that LAMM-mediated toxicity and phagocytosis coexist during LPS-mediated dopaminergic elimination.Conclusions This type of severe inflammatory-mediated injury appears to be different from the ageing-related PD scenario where the architectural structure of the parenchyma is preserved. Thus, the necessity to explore new experimental models to properly mimic the inflammatory compound observed in PD degeneration.
Fetal Sex-Dependent Associations Between Gestational Hormone Concentrations and Adverse Birth Outcomes
Authors: Cathey Amber L. , Watkins Deborah J. , Rosario Zaira Y. , Vega Carmen M. Vélez , Mukherjee Bhramar , O'Neill Marie S. , Loch-Caruso Rita , Alshawabkeh Akram N. , Cordero José F. , Meeker John D. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Adverse birth outcomes remain significant public health problems that can have long-lasting impacts on mother and child. Understanding biological mechanisms underlying these outcomes, including altered endocrine function, can inform prevention efforts. The aim of this study was to evaluate associations between hormones at two times points during mid-gestation and adverse birth outcomes, and to assess effect modification by fetal sex. Repeated gestational hormone measurements (at 18 and 26 weeks) and birth outcomes were assessed among 976 women in PROTECT, a longitudinal prospective birth cohort in northern Puerto Rico, from 2011 to 2018. Birth outcomes assessed included preterm and spontaneous preterm birth (PTB), preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), small/large for gestational age (SGA, LGA), birthweight z-score, and gestational age at birth. Multivariate logistic and linear regressions were fit using visit-specific concentrations of hormones. We also conducted sensitivity analyses assessing impacts of fetal sex on observed associations. All models were adjusted for maternal age and education, and other confounders were assessed separately between birth outcomes based on a priori knowledge and observed associations with exposure and outcome measures. We observed increased odds of spontaneous PTB with IQR increases in progesterone (OR: 2.12, 95% CI: 1.29, 3.47), fT4 (OR: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.04, 2.86), and the ratio of progesterone to estriol (OR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.05, 2.54) at 26 weeks. Elevated estriol was protective against preeclampsia at 26 weeks (OR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.17, 0.99). Increases in TSH and T3 conferred greater risk of GDM at 18 weeks. Many associations were modified by fetal sex, with hormone alterations during male pregnancies conferring greater risk of PTB, spontaneous PTB, and GDM. In conclusion, associations between hormones and birth outcomes vary based on timing of hormone measurement and fetal sex. Future studies are needed to understand mechanisms involved in adverse birth outcomes and fetal sex differences.
2D and 3D Potential Flow Simulation around NACA 0012 Airfoil with Ground Eﬀect
Authors: Ozdemir YavuzHakan , Barlas Baris 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to develop a Boundary Element Based Method (BEM) for determining the steady potential about two and three dimensional airfoil. The numerical investigation of NACA 0012 airfoil with using Boundary Element Method is utilized. Two different physical problems of the NACA 0012 airfoil are examined: potential flow around airfoil in an unbounded fluid and potential flow prediction with ground effect. Computation of potential flow around the airfoil is investigated by the mixed constant strength source and constant strength dipole based panel method. Boundary Element Code is written in FORTRAN. To check the accuracy of the 2D boundary element based code, the validation studies are carried out by comparing the present results obtained for the NACA 0012 airfoil from the XFoil and other published simulation results. 3D results are also evaluating with the available experimental and other numerical simulation results. The numerical outcomes are examined in terms of pressure distribution and lifting force on the foil.
Phytochemical analysis and antibacterial activity of extract from lantana camara l. leaves
Authors: Lourenço Bondy , Kiza Asimbawe , João Abrão Amândio , Niconte Clemência Félix Odala , Vintuar Pompílio Armando , Gwembe Eusébio André Pedro , Cuinica Lázaro Gonçalves 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Currently, several studies are being conducted to test antibacterial activity of various medicinal plants, in attempt to develop new antibiotics or to potentiate the action of antibiotics of known clinical use. In this research, phytochemical analysis and in vitro antibacterial activity of leaf extracts of Lantana camara L were performed.Methods The extracts were obtained through maceration with 90% ethanol. In phytochemical analysis, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and saponins were identified using specific reagents for each class.The antibacterial activity was analyzed using the disk diffusion method according to Kirby-Bauer, against Escherichia coli and Staphylococus aureus.Key findings The diameters of the inhibition halos varied between 0.7 and 12 mm, with an average of 8.26 mm for strains of S. aureus and there was no inhibition for E. coli. The results showed a significant difference between the inhibition halos and the tested concentrations for S. aureus. In conclusion L. camara leaf extracts are rich in bioactive compounds and have a good antibacterial potential against S. aureus and not for E. coli. And there was no relationship between the concentration of the extract and the diameter of the halo of inhibition of the evaluated microorganism.
Plasma neurofilament light, CSF Aβ, total tau, and p tau 181 is associated with altered cerebral blood flow across Alzheimer’s disease spectrum
Authors: Nabizadeh Fardin , Balabandian Mohammad , Rostami Mohammad Reza , Kankam Samuel Berchi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Neurofilament light (NFL) protein NFL is an axonal structural protein and a marker of neuroaxonal damage which is a consequence of neurologic diseases. Also, a decrease of the Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) is one of the earliest changes in AD patients. In line with the rising importance of the blood biomarkers and cerebral blood flow as a predictor of the onset of the AD, we investigated that whether there is a correlation between plasma NFL, CSF level of T tau, P tau, and Aβ, and the decrease of the blood flow in the several regions of the brain. We performed our analysis on three groups of subjects including AD (n=29), mild cognitive impairments (n=76), and cognitively healthy controls (n=39). Our results showed a significant correlation between plasma or CSF biomarkers with altered rCBF in different regions within groups. Our findings revealed that NFL is associated with rCBF, therefore, our results support the application of plasma NFL and other CSF biomarkers as a diagnosis tools for AD and neurodegenerations.
Association Between Household Air Pollution and Infant and Child Mortality in Myanmar: Evidence From The First Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Rana Juwel , Khan Md Nuruzzaman , Islam Rakibul M , Aliani Razia , Oulhote Youssef 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Household air pollution (HAP) from solid fuel use (SFU) for cooking has been considered a public health threat, particularly for women and children in low and middle-income countries (LMICs), with limited evidence. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of HAP on neonatal, infant, and under-five child mortality in Myanmar. Methods: This cross-sectional study employed data from the Myanmar Demographic and Health Survey (MDHS), the first nationally representative survey conducted in 2016. Data were collected from MDHS based on stratified two-stage cluster sampling design applied in urban and rural areas. The sample consists of 3249 under-five children in the household with a 98% response rate. Exposure measures were HAP (coal and biomass) and level of exposure to HAP (no exposure, moderate and high exposure). The main outcomes were neonatal, infant, and under-five child mortality reported by mothers presented in rates and risk ratios with 95% confidence intervals, accounting for survey weight and cluster variation. Results: The prevalence of SFU was 79.0%. The neonatal, infant and under-five child mortality rates were 26, 45, and 49 per 1,000 live births, respectively. The risks of infant (aRR 2.02; 95% CI: 1.01-4.05) and under-five mortality (aRR 2.16; 95% CI: 1.07-4.36) mortality were higher among children from households with SFU compared to children from households using clean fuel. When applying an augmented measure of exposure to HAP by incorporating SFU and the kitchen's location, the likelihoods of infant and under-five mortality were even higher among moderate and highly exposed children than unexposed children with similar trends. Neonatal mortality was not associated with either HAP exposure or levels of exposure to HAP.Conclusion: Infants and under-five children are at higher risk of mortality from exposure to HAP. Increasing access to cookstoves and clean fuels is imperative to reduce the risk of infant and under-five child mortality in LMICs, including Myanmar.
Integrative gene network analysis identifies TIMP1 as key factors for Haemophilus parasuis infection
Authors: Dong Xia , Liu Mengyun , Chen Hongbo , Zhou Ao 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis (H.parasuis), an important swine pathogen, causes Glässer's disease leading to pulmonary fibrosis, polyserositis, meningitis, and arthritis. However, the common molecular response and reaction from the host remain unknown. In this study, to uncover novel host factors involved in H.parasuis infection, we identified the global transcriptomics of porcine lung, spleen, blood, alveolar macrophages (PAM), peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) and aortic vascular endothelial cells (PAVECs) after infection of H.parasuis (Hps0165 strains) using microarray data and high throughput sequencing from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), respectively. The results showed that fifteen overlapped genes were significantly regulated in H.parasuis infected porcine lung and spleen, and then were compared with the data from porcine blood, revealing RETN, TIMP1 and C4BPA play potentially an important role for H.parasuis invasion. Furthermore, through analysing porcine cells infected with H.parasuis, we uncover the only overlap gene TIMP1 remarkably upregulated in all assembled data, indicating that TIMP1 could function as key target for the treatment of H.parasuis infection.
Prognostic Value of Metabolic Parameters Measured By 18F-FDG PET/CT In Patients With Metastatic Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma
Authors: Lai Ruihe , Jiang Chong , Chu Zhaoqun , Zhou Zhengyang , Teng Yue , Xu Shoulin , Zhao Lianjun , Zou Zhengyun , Ding Chongyang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prognostic relevance of metabolic parameters measured using 18F-FDG PET/CT in patients with metastatic cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM).Materials and Methods: The prognostic impact of whole-body metabolic tumor volume (wMTV), whole-body tumor lesion glycolysis (wTLG), maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) and mean standardized uptake value (SUVmean) was evaluated in 42 metastatic CMM patients who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT. The metabolic parameters were dichotomized by optimal cutoff values using time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. In addition, univariate and multivariate analyses of the metabolic parameters were performed using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards models.Results: The optimal cutoff values for disease-free survival (DFS) were 4.63 for SUVmax, 3.31 for SUVmean, 8.22 cm3 for wMTV, and 18.22 for wTLG. The optimal cutoff values for melanoma-specific survival (MSS) were 4.77 for SUVmax, 3.31 for SUVmean, 22.32 cm3 for wMTV, and 51.37 for wTLG. Thirty-two (72%) of the 42 patients experienced recurrence during the follow-up period, and 21 patients (50%) died from the disease. In univariate analysis, SUVmax greater than 4.63 (p= 0.025) and SUVmean greater than 3.31 (p= 0.011) affected DFS, while SUVmax greater than 4.77 (p= 0.039), wMTV greater than 22.32 (p= 0.023) and wMTV greater than 51.37 (p= 0.016) affected MSS. In multivariate analysis after adjustment for the effects of clinical parameters, SUVmax was the best predictive factor for DFS (p = 0.016), and SUVmax, wMTV and wTLG were the best predictive factors for MSS (p = 0.023, p = 0.018, and p = 0.007).Conclusions: SUVmax appears to be a strong independent prognostic factor for recurrence in metastatic CMM, and SUVmax, wMTV and wTLG were found to be the best predictive markers for melanoma-specific death.
Evaluation of the EQ-5D-3L and 5L Versions in Low Back Pain Patients
Authors: Garratt AM , Furunes Håvard , Hellum Christian , Solberg Tore , Brox Jens Ivar , Storheim Kjersti , Johnsen Lars Gunnar 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: The EuroQol EQ-5D is the most widely researched and applied patient-reported outcome measure worldwide. The original EQ-5D-3L and more recent EQ-5D-5L include three and five response categories respectively. Evidence from healthy and sick populations shows that the additional two response categories improve measurement properties but there has not been a concurrent comparison of the two versions in patients with low back pain (LBP). Methods: LBP patients taking part in a multicenter randomized controlled trial of lumbar total disc replacement and conservative treatment completed the EQ-5D-3L and 5L in an eight-year follow-up questionnaire. The 3L and 5L were assessed for aspects of data quality including missing data, floor and ceiling effects, response consistency, and based on a priori hypotheses, associations with the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Pain-Visual Analogue Scales and Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL-25). Results: At the eight-year follow-up, 151 (87%) patients were available and 146 completed both the 3L and 5L. Levels of missing data were the same for the two versions. Compared to the EQ-5D-5L, the 3L had significantly higher floor (pain discomfort) and ceiling effects (mobility, self-care, pain/discomfort, anxiety/depression). For these patients the EQ-5D-5L described 73 health states compared to 28 for the 3L. Shannon’s indices also showed the 5L outperformed the 3L in tests of classification efficiency. Correlations with the ODI, Pain-VAS and HSCL-25 were largely as hypothesized, the 5L having slightly higher correlations than the 3L. In a multivariate regression analysis, ODI, Pain-VAS and HSCL-25 scores explained 13% more variation in EQ-5D-5L scores compared to 3L scores. Conclusion: The EQ-5D assesses important aspect of health in LBP patients and the 5L improves upon the 3L in this respect. The EQ-5D-5L is recommended in preference to the 3L version, however, further testing in other back pain populations together with additional measurement properties, including responsiveness to change, is recommended. Trial Registration: retrospectively registered: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01704677.