bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An in vitro tumorigenesis model based on live-cell-generated oxygen and nutrient gradients
Authors: Gilmore Anne C. , Flaherty Sarah J. , Somasundaram Veena , Scheiblin David A. , Lockett Stephen J. , Wink David A. , Heinz William F. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe tumor microenvironment (TME) is multi-cellular, spatially heterogenous, and contains cell-generated gradients of soluble molecules. Current cell-based model systems lack this complexity or are difficult to interrogate microscopically. We present a 2D live-cell chamber that approximates the TME and demonstrate that breast cancer cells and macrophages generate hypoxic and nutrient gradients, self-organize, and have spatially varying phenotypes along the gradients, leading to new insights into tumorigenesis.
Flow parallel synthesizer for multiplex synthesis of aryl diazonium libraries via efficient parameter screening
Authors: Ahn Gwang-Noh , Sharma Brijesh M. , Lahore Santosh , Yim Se-Jun , Vidyacharan Shinde , Kim Dong-Pyo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe development of miniaturized flow platforms would enable efficient and selective synthesis of drug and lead molecules by rapidly exploring synthetic methodologies and screening for optimal conditions, progress in which could be transformative for the field. In spite of tremendous advances made in continuous flow technology, these reported flow platforms are not devised to conduct many different reactions simultaneously. Herein, we report a metal-based flow parallel synthesizer that enables multiplex synthesis of libraries of compounds and efficient screening of parameters. This miniaturized synthesizer, equipped with a unique built-in flow distributor and n number of microreactors, can execute multiple types of reactions in parallel under diverse conditions, including photochemistry. Diazonium-based reactions are explored as a test case by distributing the reagent to 16 (n = 16) capillaries to which various building blocks are supplied for the chemistry library synthesis at the optimal conditions obtained by multiplex screening of 96 different reaction variables in reaction time, concentration, and product type. The proficiency of the flow parallel synthesizer is showcased by multiplex formation of various C–C, C–N, C–X, and C–S bonds, leading to optimization of 24 different aryl diazonium chemistries.
Large-scale variation in seismic anisotropy in the crust and upper mantle beneath Anatolia, Turkey
Authors: Legendre Cédric P. , Zhao Li , Tseng Tai-Lin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe average anisotropy beneath Anatolia is very strong and is well constrained by shear-wave splitting measurements. However, the vertical layering of anisotropy and the contribution of each layer to the overall pattern is still an open question. Here, we construct anisotropic phase-velocity maps of fundamental-mode Rayleigh waves for the Anatolia region using ambient noise seismology and records from several regional seismic stations. We find that the anisotropy patterns in the crust, lithosphere and asthenosphere beneath Anatolia have limited amplitudes and are generally consistent with regional tectonics and mantle processes dominated by the collision between Eurasia and Arabia and the Aegean/Anatolian subduction system. The anisotropy of these layers in the crust and upper mantle are, however, not consistent with the strong average anisotropy measured in this area. We therefore suggest that the main contribution to overall anisotropy likely originates from a deep and highly anisotropic region round the mantle transition zone.
Synthetic trisaccharides reveal discrimination ofendo-glycosidic linkages byexo-acting α-1,2-mannosidases in the endoplasmic reticulum
Authors: Nitta Kyohei , Kuribara Taiki , Totani Kiichiro 
Published: April 2021

Exo-acting endoplasmic reticulum α-1,2-mannosidases exhibit inner glycoside specificity and can discriminate between endo-glycosidic linkages.
Enhancing direct‐path relative transfer function using deep neural network for robust sound source localization
Authors: Yang Bing , Ding Runwei , Ban Yutong , Li Xiaofei , Liu Hong 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article proposes a deep neural network (DNN)‐based direct‐path relative transfer function (DP‐RTF) enhancement method for robust direction of arrival (DOA) estimation in noisy and reverberant environments. The DP‐RTF refers to the ratio between the direct‐path acoustic transfer functions of the two microphone channels. First, the complex‐value DP‐RTF is decomposed into the inter‐channel intensity difference, and sinusoidal functions of the inter‐channel phase difference in the time‐frequency domain. Then, the decomposed DP‐RTF features from a series of temporal context frames are utilized to train a DNN model, which maps the DP‐RTF features contaminated by noise and reverberation to the clean ones, and meanwhile provides a time‐frequency (TF) weight to indicate the reliability of the mapping. The DP‐RTF enhancement network can help to enhance the DP‐RTF against noise and reverberation. Finally, the DOA of a sound source can be estimated by integrating the weighted matching between the enhanced DP‐RTF features and the DP‐RTF templates. Experimental results on simulated data show the superiority of the proposed DP‐RTF enhancement network for estimating the DOA of the sound source in the environments with various levels of noise and reverberation.
Modelling of a renewable energy‐based AC interconnected rural microgrid system for the provision of uninterrupted power supply
Authors: Singh Vinit Kumar , Suryakiran Bhamidipati Venkata , Verma Ashu , Bhatti Terlochan Singh 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA stability study of interconnected microgrids is presented herein. This interconnection is vital to enhance the performance under dynamic conditions by providing mutual power support. The microgrids considered are based on three renewable energy sources, namely wind, solar, and biogas. The wind energy converting system (WECS) considered has a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) for conversion to electrical energy. A solar photovoltaic system (SPVS) with appropriate inverter has been incorporated. These two renewable energy sources are intermittent in nature. A biogas genset (BG) consisting of a biogas engine coupled with a synchronous generator is the third power source. The interconnection is by an AC line. Two interconnected microgrids, M1 and M2, are considered for mathematical modelling. Additionally, the microgrid M2 is also connected to the main grid for a limited but continuous power supply. Proportional integral (PI) controllers are used to control the frequency and voltage of the microgrids. Simulation studies are conducted on the system under step load disturbances and also for step changes in input power of wind/solar. It has been found that frequency and voltage deviations of the microgrids vanish under steady‐state conditions.
Streaming instability in a global patch simulation of protoplanetary disks
Authors: Flock Mario , Mignone Andrea 
Published: April 2021

Aims. In recent years, sub-millimeter (mm) observations of protoplanetary disks have revealed an incredible diversity of substructures in the dust emission. An important result was the finding that dust grains of mm size are embedded in very thin dusty disks. This implies that the dust mass fraction in the midplane becomes comparable to that of the gas, increasing the importance of the interaction between the two components there.
Methods. We use numerical 2.5D simulations to study the interaction between gas and dust in fully globally stratified disks. To this end, we employ the recently developed dust grain module of the PLUTO code. Our model focuses on a typical T Tauri disk model, simulating a short patch of the disk at 10 au which includes grains of a constant Stokes number of St = 0.01 and St = 0.1, corresponding to grains with sizes of 0.9 cm and 0.9 mm, respectively, for the given disk model.
Results. By injecting a constant pebble flux at the outer domain, the system reaches a quasi-steady state of turbulence and dust concentrations driven by the streaming instability. For our given setup, and using resolutions up to 2500 cells per scale height, we resolve the streaming instability that leads to local dust clumping and concentrations. Our results show dust density values of around 10–100 times the gas density with a steady-state pebble flux of between 3.5 × 10−4 and 2.5 × 10−3 MEarth yr−1 for the models with St = 0.01 and St = 0.1.
Conclusions. Grain size and pebble flux for model St = 0.01 compare well with dust evolution models of the first million years of disk evolution. For those grains, the scatter opacity dominates the extinction coefficient at mm wavelengths. These types of global dust and gas simulations are a promising tool for studies of the gas and dust evolution at pressure bumps in protoplanetary disks.
Früh- und Spättoxizitäten sowie sozialmedizinisch-relevante Folgestörungen bei Brustkrebs-Patientinnen als Basis der Abschätzung des Reha-Bedarfes
Authors: Hass Holger G. , Seywald Marianne , Stepien Jürgen , Muco Blerta , Tanriverdi Miro , Beckmann Matthias W. , Kunzmann Volker , Wöckel Achim 
Published: April 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Infolge der zunehmend individualisierten, multimodalen Therapie gibt es eine Vielzahl von potenziellen, therapieinduzierten Folgestörungen bei Mammakarzinom-Patientinnen. Die zunehmend verbesserte Langzeitprognose, das häufig junge Erkrankungsalter und die hohe Inzidenz der Erkrankung unterstreichen die Bedeutung dieser teils chronischen Nebenwirkungen für die berufliche und soziale Teilhabe.
Methoden Im Rahmen dieser retrospektiven Analyse wurden bei 8000 Brustkrebspatientinnen (Durchschnittsalter 55,7 ± 10,4J) klinische Parameter und therapieinduzierte Toxizitäten und Folgestörungen im zeitlichen Verlauf analysiert und mit Daten aus der Literatur verglichen.
Ergebnisse In 23,6% der Fälle wurde eine Mastektomie, in 89% eine Radiatio durchgeführt. Zudem erfolgte in den meisten eine zusätzliche systemische Therapie (57,6% CTX, 15,1% anti-Her2, 71% Antihormontherapie). In 8,1% lag ein Rezidiv bzw. eine metastasierte Erkrankung vor. Als häufigste Folgestörungen infolge der multimodalen Therapie ließen sich Kraftlosigkeit/Fatigue (73,6%), Schlafstörungen (51,9%), CIPN (33%), Lymphödeme (13,9%) und medikamentös-induzierte Arthralgien (24,8%) nachweisen. Zudem berichteten 60,4% der Frauen über einen hohen, psychischen Distress. Während kurz nach Akutbehandlung (AHB) signifikant häufiger CTX-induzierte Toxizitäten dokumentiert wurden (Leukopenie, p<0,0001; Anämie, p<0,001; Kraftlosigkeit/Fatigue p < 0,0001; CIPN, p<0,0001), ließ sich im Verlauf (REHA) häufiger ein chronisches Lymphödem (p<0,0001), eine chronische Erkrankungssituation (p<0,0001) sowie signifikant häufiger eine durchgeführte Ablatio (p<0,0001) und psychischer Distress (p<0,0001) nachweisen. Zudem zeigte sich ein jüngeres Alter (53,7±9,8 vs. 56,3±10,7J).
Diskussion Nach multimodaler Brustkrebstherapie lassen sich zwischen AHB- gegenüber Patientinnen im Regelheilverfahren teils signifikant unterschiedliche rehabilitationsrelevante Folgestörungen dokumentieren. Die Vielzahl und Vielfältigkeit somatischer sowie psychovegetativer Störungen unterstreichen die Notwendigkeit nach individualisierten, multimodalen Therapiekonzepten in der onkologischen Rehabilitation.
Integrative Treatment of Lung Cancer Patients: Observational Study of 57 Cases
Authors: Anelli Lorenzo , Di Nardo Alessia , Bonucci Massimo 
Published: April 2021

Introduction A retrospective clinical study was performed to identify the characteristics of patients with lung cancer treated with integrative cancer treatment in addition to conventional medicine.
Materials and Methods We reviewed medical records for lung cancer patients who visited a single integrative setting in Rome, Italy. A total of 57 patients were included, and the majority had advanced-stage cancer. All of them underwent integrative therapy with nutrition and phytotherapy indications. The diet was designed to reduce most of possible factors promoting cancer proliferation, inflammation, and obesity. Foods with anti-inflammatory, prebiotic, antioxidant, and anticancer properties had been chosen. Herbal supplements with known effects on lung cancer were prescribed. In particular, astragal, apigenine, fucosterol, polydatin, epigallocatechin gallate, cannabis, curcumin, and inositol were used. Furthermore, medical mushrooms and other substances were used to improve the immune system and to reduce chemotherapy side effects. Five key parameters have been evaluated for 2 years starting at the first surgery: nutritional status, immune status, discontinuation of therapy, quality of life, and prognosis of the disease.
Results A relevant improvement in parameters relative to nutritional status, immune status, and quality of life has been observed after integrative therapy compared with the same parameters at the first medical visit before starting such approach.
Conclusion The results suggest that integrative therapy may have benefits in patients with lung cancer. Even though there are limitations, the study suggests that integrative therapy could improve nutritional status and quality of life, with possible positive effect on overall survival.
Interventional Radiology in Renal Trauma
Authors: Lopez-Gonzalez Diego B. , Zurkiya Omar 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTraumatic injuries to the kidney and collecting system can range widely from small lacerations to significant bleeding and its sequelae. Urinary obstruction can occur in the renal pelvis, ureters, or urethra. Interventional radiology plays a significant role in treatment and management, in many cases requiring emergent action. Endovascular embolization is frequently the first-line approach to treating hemorrhage. Percutaneous interventions for urinary obstruction include nephrostomy and suprapubic catheter placement. In this article, we outline the clinical approach and interventional methods used in the evaluation and treatment of renal trauma. Several case presentations demonstrate the role of interventional radiology in renal trauma.
Analysis of Basal Cell Carcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma according to Nasal Subunit Location
Authors: Derebaşınlıoğlu Handan , Özkaya Neşe Kurt 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe nose is highly vulnerable to skin cancers due to the unavoidable sun exposure. The most common localization of skin cancers on the face is nose. Although the nose appears to be a single structure, it comprises many aesthetic units with different histological and anatomical properties. Our aim was to determine the relationship between the prevalence of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), histologically and anatomically distinct nasal subunits. The study included patients who underwent excision and repair due to BCC or SCC of the nose. The lesions were classified according to their location in the following topographic subunits: tip, alar lobule, dorsum, sidewall, and medial canthal region. Patients were analyzed according to age, sex, topographic subunit, tumor type, and repair technique. There was no statistically significant difference in tumor location according to etiology (p > 0.05). The alar subunit was the most common location of BCC, while the dorsum was the most common location for SCC. There is no statistical relationship between the two most common skin cancers, BCC and SCC, and the aesthetic subunits of the nose. The only factor associated with the reconstruction method used was the subunit in which the tumor was located.
Bioabsorbable Implant for Treatment of Nasal Valve Collapse with or without Concomitant Procedures
Authors: Sidle Douglas M. , Stolovitzky Pablo , O'Malley Ellen M. , Ow Randall A. , Nachlas Nathan E. , Silvers Stacey 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe aim of the study is to report outcomes after treatment of nasal valve collapse with a bioabsorbable nasal implant. It involves two prospective, multicenter, post-market studies evaluating long-term effectiveness of the LATERA implant for severe to extreme nasal obstruction. Participants underwent implant alone or with concomitant inferior turbinate reduction (ITR) and/or septoplasty. Outcome measures included the change from baseline Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) scores, NOSE responder rates, visual analog scale (VAS) scores, and adverse events. A total cohort of 277 participants (109 implants only, 67 implants + ITR, 101 implants + septoplasty + ITR) enrolled at 19 U.S. centers was available for analysis with 177 participants (69 implants only, 39 implants + ITR, 69 implants + septoplasty + ITR) available at 2 years. The mean changes from baseline in NOSE scores and VAS scores were statistically significant (p < 0.001) at all follow-up periods. The baseline NOSE score of 77.8 ± 13.6 was improved to 24.2 ± 23.6 at 24 months. Greater than 90% of participants were NOSE responders across all follow-up periods, 6.1% withdrew for lack of treatment effect. The baseline VAS score of 66.7 ± 18.8 was improved to 21.1 ± 23.9 at 24 months. There were no serious adverse events related to the device or implant procedure. Implant retrieval rate was 4.0% (22/543 implants). Nonserious adverse events were mild to moderate in severity, typically occurred within 6 months of implant, and resolved or were stable. Significant reductions in NOSE and VAS scores and high responder rates from our large population of patients with nasal obstruction who had nasal valve implants confirm sustained effectiveness at 24 months after treatment. The studies are registered on www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02952313 and NCT02964312).
Timing characterization of fast hCMOS sensors
Authors: Benedetti L. R. , Palmer N. E. , Hurd E. R. , Durand C. E. , Carpenter A. C. , Dayton M. S. , Golick B. , Holder J. P. , Trosseille C. , Werellapatha K. , Gorman M. G. 
Published: April 2021

We describe a method of analyzing gate profile data for ultrafast x-ray imagers that allows pixel-by-pixel determination of temporal sensitivity in the presence of substantial background oscillations. With this method, systematic timing errors in gate width and gate arrival time of up to 1 ns (in a 2 ns wide gate) can be removed. In-sensor variations in gate arrival and gate width are observed, with variations in each up to 0.5 ns. This method can be used to estimate the coarse timing of the sensor, even if errors up to several ns are present.
Factors Associated with Primary Health Care Providers’ Alcohol Screening Behavior in Colombia, Mexico and Peru
Authors: Kokole Daša , Jané-Llopis Eva , Mercken Liesbeth , Piazza Marina , Bustamante Ines , Natera Rey Guillermina , Medina Perla , Pérez-Gómez Augusto , Mejía-Trujillo Juliana , O'Donnell Amy , Kaner Eileen , Gual Antoni , Schmidt Christiane Sybille , Schulte Bernd , Candel Math J. J. M. , de Vries Hein , Anderson Peter 
Published: April 2021

Background Screening for unhealthy alcohol use in routine consultations can aid primary health care (PHC) providers in detecting patients with hazardous or harmful consumption and providing them with appropriate care. As part of larger trial testing strategies to improve implementation of alcohol screening in PHC, this study investigated the motivational (role security, therapeutic commitment, self-efficacy) and organizational context (leadership, work culture, resources, monitoring, community engagement) factors that were associated with the proportion of adult patients screened with AUDIT-C by PHC providers in Colombia, Mexico and Peru. Additionally, the study investigated whether the effect of the factors interacted with implementation strategies and the country. Methods Pen-and-paper questionnaires were completed by 386 providers at the start of their study participation (79% female, Mage = 39.5, 37.6% doctors, 15.0% nurses, 9.6% psychologists, 37.8% other professional roles). They were allocated to one of four intervention arms: control group; short training only; short training in presence of municipal support; and standard (long) training in presence of municipal support. Providers documented their screening practice during the five-month implementation period. Data were collected between April 2019 and March 2020. Results Negative binomial regression analysis found an inverse relationship of role security with the proportion of screened patients. Self-efficacy was associated with an increase in the proportion of screened patients only amongst Mexican providers. Support from leadership (formal leader in organization) was the only significant organizational context factor, but only in non-control arms. Conclusion Higher self-efficacy is a relevant factor in settings where screening practice is already ongoing. Leadership support can enhance effects of implementation strategies.
The role of radiation protection societies in tackling the skills shortage and development of young professionals and researchers
Authors: Bryant Peter A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Over the last 10 years there have been increasing concerns raised about a potential skills gap in the field of radiation protection (RP). Noting these concerns in 2019, the Society for Radiological Protection, the UK’s Chartered Professional Body, launched a study to determine the RP demand in the UK going forward along with the capacity of the profession. The initial results show that over 50% of the SRP membership retires in the next 10−15 years, coupled with an increase in RP demand across the nuclear fuel cycle, medical sector and advancement of new technologies or applications requiring RP advice. This provides strong evidence supporting the concerns of a future skills gap. This paper presents a framework highlighting three core objectives that need to be met to resolve the skills gap. A review of the existing initiatives being undertaken by the Society of Radiological Protection to meet these objectives is included, identifying both areas of good practice and areas for further work and development. A key theme in tackling this challenge has been identified as the need to foster greater collaboration between RP professionals, and organizations both within the UK and abroad, such as IRPA, national societies, employers, academia and industry. This brings a unique opportunity to direct efforts and resources toward a common goal, allowing the sharing of good practice, whilst reducing the strain and burden on any one organization. Another key output of the review was the need to embrace new and innovative solutions to developing our profession and importantly inspiring and communicating into the future of the profession.
The effect of gas flow rate on structural, mechanical and antibacterial properties of atmospheric plasma sprayed Cu coatings
Authors: Goudarzi Masoumeh , Ghaziasadi Hassan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The Copper (Cu) powder is sprayed on 316L stainless steel surface using an atmospheric plasma spray (APS) system to eliminate infections and bacteria on the surface. Here, the effects of gas flow rate (GFR) on structural, mechanical and antibacterial properties of coatings are investigated. The comparative analysis of coatings created by different gas flow rates of 20, 25, 30 and 35 lmin−1 is performed. The results show that the coating with 20 lmin−1 GFR is thin and too weak due to the disturbance in the thermal pinch and the existing excessive pores. With increasing the GFR, the coating roughness and porosity decrease which in turn increases the hardness and adhesion of the coatings. The connection between flat splats and continuous and uniform layers gets better. The high-quality coating is seen at the GFR of 30 lmin−1 with the adhesion strength and hardness of 4B and 163 HV0.1, respectively. Besides, it shows three and a half and three times increase of antibacterial property after 12 h compared to 316L stainless steel versus PTCC 1112 Staphylococcus aureus and ATCC 10536 Escherichia coli bacteria, respectively. But the coating having a GFR higher than critical value (30 lmin−1) shows discontinuous layers due to the plasma jet divergence and reduction of particles velocity.