bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mathematical Modelling of Extraction Yield, Glycosaponin and Eurycomanone
Content from Eurycoma longifolia Roots
Authors: Segaran Abirame , Chua Lee Suan , Kumaresan Sivakumar 
Published: April 2021

Aim:
The technique of modeling was used to predict the performance of herbal extraction.

Background:
Eurycoma longifolia is a traditional herb that is widely used to promote overall well-
being by local folks in South East Asia.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to model the extraction yield, glycosaponin and eurycomanone
content from the roots of E. longifolia in a reflux system.

Methods:
The effects of processing parameters (extraction temperature and particle size) were investigated
using a factorial experimental design. The experiments were carried out for 60 min using
three categories of particle sizes: S1 (0.50 - 0.99 mm), S2 (1.00 - 1.99 mm), and S3 (2.00 - 2.80
mm) at 70, 80, and 90 °C. The extraction was carried out using the water to solid ratio of 10:1 in a
reflux system.

Results:
A quadratic model is well-fitted to the yield of extraction, while a linear model is proposed
for the extraction of eurycomanone, which is significantly affected by temperature. The single
step of the reflux process revealed that glycosaponin extraction behaves linearly with temperature
and particle size but in an inverse direction. However, further reflux process using crude extract
prior to gravimetric precipitation could produce higher content of glycosaponin, which can be
explained using a quadratic model.

Conclusion:
The extraction of eurycomanone was faster than glycosaponin because the mass transfer
and diffusion coefficients of eurycomanone were about two times larger than glycosaponin.

Other:
This could be due to the larger molecular size of glycosaponin, and thus higher mass transfer
is a limitation when diffusing plant cells into the solvent during extraction.
Computational Methods and Molecular Modelling for Some Predicted Tautomers of Pyrimidine Compounds
Authors: Masoud Mamdouh S. , Abd El-Kaway Marwa Y. 
Published: April 2021

Introduction:
Several molecular modelling techniques and quantum chemical methods
have been performed to correlate the chemical structures of the compounds with their physical
molecular properties.

Methods:
Using theoretical parameters help to characterize the molecular structure of the investigated ligands and to study their equlibria mechanism. Molecular modelling data such as the bond length, bond order, bond angles and dihedral angles values were estimated for some pyrimidine compounds, where the data suggested the presence of tautomerism and a dynamic equilibria are deduced between all the detected tautomers in the solid state.

Results:
Four main tautomers were predicted for barbital and thiobarbituric acid, while three
tautomers were for thiouracil. Quantum chemical parameters such as the highest occupied
molecular orbital energy (EHOMO), the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy (ELUMO), energy
gap (ΔE), dipole moment (μ), sum of the total negative charge (STNC), electronegativity (χ),
chemical potential (Pi), global hardness (η) and softness (σ) were calculated.

Conclusion:
These studies display a good correlation between the theoretical and experimental data.
Optimalization of reaction time through imagery and concentration training in fencing
Authors: Hariyanto Agus , Prakosa Mohammad Wahyu Bagus , Sholikhah Anindya Mar'atus 
Published: April 2021

This study aims to investigate the effect of imagery training and concentration on the reaction time of students taking fencing extracurricular activities. It was a quasi-experimental research using quantitative approach. A total of 15 respondents were classified into 3 groups, which were control (K) and two experimental groups. Students in experimental groups were given imagery training (E1) and concentration training (E2) for six weeks and reaction times were measured using Electronic Fencing Target-1 (EFT-1) before and after the exercise was given. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistic using paired t-test and Anova one way, and significance level was set at p=0.05. The results found that the imagery and concentration training had a positive impact on the decrease of reaction time, with significance values of 0.008 and 0.005, respectively. From these results it can be concluded that imagery and concentration exercises can help players to improve their reaction time, so that fencers can react quickly to every movement. OPTIMALISASI WAKTU REAKSI MELALUI LATIHAN IMAGERY DAN KONSENTRASI DALAM OLAHRAGA ANGGAR AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh latihan imagery dan konsentrasi terhadap kecepatan waktu reaksi pada siswa yang mengikuti ekstrakulikuler anggar. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen semu yang menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Sebanyak 15 orang responden dikelompokkan menjadi 3 kelompok, yaitu satu kelompok kontrol (K) dan dua kelompok eksperimen yang diberi latihan imagery (E1) dan latihan konsentrasi (E2). Latihan dilakukan selama enam minggu dan waktu reaksi diukur sebelum dan sesudah latihan diberikan menggunakan Electronic Fencing Target-1 (EFT-1). Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif dan inferensial menggunakan uji paired t-test dan Anova one way, dengan nilai signifikan ditetapkan sebesar 0.05. Hasil analisis didapatkan bahwa latihan imagery dan konsentrasi yang diberikan kepada responden memberikan dampak positif terhadap penurunan waktu reaksi, dengan nilai signifikansi secara berturut-turut sebesar 0.008 dan 0.005. Dari hasil ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa latihan imagery dan konsentrasi dapat membantu pemain untuk meningkatkan kemampuan reaksi, sehingga pemain anggar dapat bereaksi dengan cepat terhadap setiap gerakan.
Alternative and Augmentative Communication Technologies for Supporting Adults With Mild Intellectual Disabilities During Clinical Consultations: Scoping Review
Authors: Gibson Ryan Colin , Bouamrane Matt-Mouley , Dunlop Mark D 
Published: April 2021

Background
People with intellectual disabilities (IDs) face significant communication barriers when accessing health care services; they find it difficult to identify and describe conditions clearly enough to support practitioners in making an accurate diagnosis. In addition, medical professionals generally have little knowledge and understanding of the needs of people with ID, which may result in the use of consultation techniques that do not cater to their patients’ skills.

Objective
This review aims to identify and synthesize the literature on alternative and augmentative communication technologies that are used to support adults with mild ID during the exchange of information with medical practitioners.

Methods
We performed a scoping review of studies published in English that describe the technologies that are used to promote communication with patients with mild ID during medical consultations. The databases searched were PubMed, ACM Digital Library, and Google Scholar. A qualitative framework-based approach was used to synthesize the data and discern key recurring themes across the identified literature.

Results
Of the 1557 articles screened, 15 (0.96%) met our inclusion criteria. The bulk of the communication aids used focused on low-tech solutions, including patient passports, note-based prompts, Talking Mats, health diaries, and easy-read information sheets. Their influence on current practice ranged from advancing medical professionals’ knowledge of the health and communication needs of people with ID to increasing interagency collaboration, patient advocacy skills, and health promotion activities. The major barriers to the implementation of low-tech aids were a lack of portability and increased maintenance efforts. Only 3 studies explored the use of mobile apps to promote communication. Their findings indicated that high-tech solutions offer greater customization with regard to the accessibility and health care needs of people with ID.

Conclusions
Alternative and augmentative communication technologies have the potential to increase the quality of care provided to patients with mild ID; however, little work has been carried out in this area. Greater emphasis must be placed on (high-tech) two-way communication aids that empower patients to become involved in decisions regarding their care. Quantitative evaluation methods should be used to discern the true benefits of such aids, and researchers should describe their study protocols in depth to promote replication and generalizability.
Postsecondary Student Engagement With a Mental Health App and Online Platform (Thought Spot): Qualitative Study of User Experience
Authors: Wong Howard W , Lo Brian , Shi Jenny , Hollenberg Elisa , Abi-Jaoude Alexxa , Johnson Andrew , Chaim Gloria , Cleverley Kristin , Henderson Joanna , Levinson Andrea , Robb Janine , Voineskos Aristotle , Wiljer David 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundThere is growing interest in using mobile apps and online tools to support postsecondary student mental health, but most of these solutions have suboptimal user engagement in real-world settings. Poor engagement can limit long-term effectiveness and usefulness of these tools. Previous literature has proposed several theories that link factors such as low usability and poor user-centered design to app disengagement. However, few studies provide direct evidence showing what factors contribute to suboptimal user engagement in the context of mobile mental health apps for postsecondary students.ObjectiveThis study focuses on understanding postsecondary students’ attitudes and behaviors when using Thought Spot, a co-designed mental health app and online platform, to understand factors related to engagement and user experience.MethodsStudents who were given access to Thought Spot for 6 months during a randomized trial of the intervention were invited to participate in one-on-one semistructured interviews. The interviews explored participants’ overall experiences and perceptions of the app, along with factors that affected their usage of various features. All interviews were recorded, and template analysis was used to analyze transcripts.ResultsUser satisfaction was mixed among users of Thought Spot. The degree of engagement with the app appeared to be affected by factors that can be grouped into 5 themes: (1) Students valued detailed, inclusive, and relevant content; (2) Technical glitches and a lack of integration with other apps affected the overall user experience and satisfaction with the app; (3) Using the app to support peers or family can increase engagement; (4) Crowdsourced information from peers about mental health resources drove user engagement, but was difficult to obtain; and (5) Users often turned to the app when they had an immediate need for mental health information, rather than using it to track mental health information over time.ConclusionsContent, user experience, user-centeredness, and peer support are important determinants of user engagement with mobile mental health apps among postsecondary students. In this study, participants disengaged when the app did not meet their expectations on these determinants. Future studies on user engagement should further explore the effectiveness of different features and the relative importance of various criteria for high-quality apps. Further focus on these issues may inform the creation of interventions that increase student engagement and align with their mental health needs.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT03412461; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03412461International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)RR2-10.2196/resprot.6446
Evaluation of Mood Check-in Feature for Participation in Meditation Mobile App Users: Retrospective Longitudinal Analysis
Authors: Huberty Jennifer , Green Jeni , Puzia Megan , Stecher Chad 
Published: April 2021

Background
Mindfulness meditation smartphone apps may improve mental health but lack evidence-based behavioral strategies to encourage their regular use for attaining mental health benefits. In October 2019, the Calm mindfulness meditation app introduced a mood check-in feature, but its effects on participation in meditation have yet to be tested.

Objective
The objective of this study was to investigate how a mood check-in feature impacts meditation behavior in Calm app subscribers.

Methods
This was a retrospective longitudinal analysis of mobile app usage data from a random sample of first-time subscribers to the Calm app (n=2600) who joined in summer 2018 or summer 2019. The mood check-in feature allows users to rate their mood using an emoji after completing a meditation session and displays a monthly calendar of their past mood check-ins. Regression analyses were used to compare the rate of change in meditation behavior before and after the introduction of mood check-ins and to estimate how usage of mood check-ins was associated with individuals’ future meditation behavior (ie, intent-to-treat effects). Additional regression models examined the heterogenous effect of mood check-ins between subscribers who were active or inactive users prior to the introduction to mood check-ins (ie, above or below the median number of weeks with any meditation within their cohort). In order to confirm the specific associations between mood check-ins and meditation engagement, we modeled the direct relationship between the use of mood check-ins in previous weeks and subsequent meditation behavior (ie, treatment on the treated effects).

Results
During the first 9 months of their subscription, the 2019 cohort completed an average of 0.482 more sessions per week (95% CI 0.309 to 0.655) than the 2018 cohort; however, across both cohorts, average weekly meditation declined (–0.033 sessions per week, 95% CI –0.035 to –0.031). Controlled for trends in meditation before mood check-ins and aggregate differences between the 2018 and 2019 samples, the time trend in the number of weekly meditation sessions increased by 0.045 sessions among the 2019 cohort after the introduction of mood check-ins (95% CI 0.039 to 0.052). This increase in meditation was most pronounced among the inactive subscribers (0.063 sessions, 95% CI 0.052 to 0.074). When controlled for past-week meditation, use of mood check-ins during the previous week was positively associated with the likelihood of meditating the following week (odds ratio 1.132, 95% CI 1.059 to 1.211); however, these associations were not sustained beyond 1 week.

Conclusions
Using mood check-ins increases meditation participation in Calm app subscribers and may be especially beneficial for inactive subscribers. Mobile apps should consider incorporating mood check-ins to help better engage a wider range of users in app-based meditation, but more research is warranted.
THE POTENTIAL ROLE OF GENUS TINOSPORA IN WOUND HEALING: A REVIEW
Authors: FERNANDEZ MICHELE , SHIVASHEKAREGOWDA NAVEEN KUMAR , YIN YOW HUI 
Published: April 2021

Genus Tinospora has been used in traditional medicine throughout various parts of Asia, particularly in India, China, Thailand, Malaysia and Cambodia. Its ethnomedicinal uses include treatment for fever, cold, oral ulcer, headaches, diarrhoea, diabetes, digestive disorder and rheumatoid arthritis. Some of its ethnomedicinal uses have been justified via scientific studies, include antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects. Recently, several studies have been initiated to investigate the role of Tinospora species in wound healing. This comprehensive review used updated information obtained from systematic literature search using PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct and Google Scholar, to assess the wound healing properties of eleven major Tinospora species namely, T. cordifolia, T. crispa, T. sagittata, T. sinensis, T. bakis, T. craveniana, T. tuberculata, T. capillipes, T. rumphii, T. smilacina, and T. baenzigeri. The information obtained revealed that only T. cordifolia and T. crispa have been reported on its wound-healing abilities. Studies demonstrated that T. cordifolia is associated with early re-epithelisation, enhanced tensile strength, increased granulation tissues and increased collagen contents. Whereas T. crispa is reported with wound healing activity through the elevated antioxidant enzymes and inflammation phase. Nevertheless, there is limited evidence on phytochemical constituents from plant extracts that contribute to the wound healing process and their underlying mechanisms. This review deduced the potential gaps for future research aiming to study the genus Tinospora as a potential wound healing agent.
A NEW ALKALOID FROM DERRIS INDICA (LAM) BENNETT SEED OIL: ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION
Authors: TABASSUM NUZHAT , G. M. VIDYASAGAR 
Published: April 2021

Objective: The aim of the study was to isolate alkaloid compound from seed oil of Derris indica (Lam) Bennett where relevant antimicrobial properties in traditional medicines.
Methods: The plant was selected based on their usage in traditional medicines and ethnopharmacological importance. Crude extract from D. indica seeds fractioned with different solvents through column chromatography. Isolated pure fraction was identified and characterized using UV, FTIR, 1HNMR and Mass spectroscopy.
Results: D. indica seeds hexane extract on fractionation with ethyl acetate and methanol through column chromatography yielded a crystalline fraction. The fraction was identified as alkaloid group and characterized as a 2-(6-methoxyphenanthridin-8-yl) propan-2-ol. The compound is a new report from D. indica seed oil.
Conclusion: The usage of D. indica plant is much in traditional health care for treatment of diseases. Isolation of alkaloid compound from D. indica seeds in traditional herbal medicines may be found a good source of drug discovery.
MOVIMENTO DOS ATINGIDOS POR BARRAGENS (MAB): “DEFENDER A AMAZÔNIA É DEFENDER A VIDA”
Authors: Aquino Mahalia , Souza William Kennedy do Amaral 
Published: April 2021

Entrevista a Océlio Muniz, membro da Coordenação Estadual do MAB (RO), realizada por Mahalia Aquino e William Kennedy do Amaral Souza
Intestinal Permeability Assays: a Review
Authors: Iakupova A. A. , Abdulkhakov S. R. , Zalyalov R. K. , Safin A. G. , Abdulkhakov R. A. 
Published: April 2021

Aim. A literature review of intestinal permeability assessment techniques.Key points. The intestinal barrier is a functional entity separating the intestinal lumen and internal body, and intestinal permeability is a measure of the barrier functionality. The intestinal barrier integrity and permeability assays differ by the application setting (in vivoorex vivo), subject (human or animal), marker molecules used to assess permeability (ions, various size carbohydrates, macromolecules, antigens, bacterial products and bacteria), biomaterial for the marker concentration assays (peripheral blood, portal venous blood, urine, stool). Despite a great variety of methods for assessing intestinal permeability, their clinical application requires further studies due to a lack of standardisation, the complexity of selected techniques and occasional limited reliability of results.Conclusion. Further investigation and improvement of intestinal permeability assays is required. The assay and result standardisation will facilitate practice in functional and organic intestinal diseases, as well as allergies, diabetes mellitus, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and some other illnesses.
Transjugular Portosystemic Shunting in Refractory Cirrhotic Ascites
Authors: Khoronko Yu. V. , Kozyrevskiy M. A. , Dmitriev A. V. , Volokhova A. A. , Spiridenko G. Yu. , Bogomolova K. R. 
Published: April 2021

Aim. Improvement of refractory ascites (RA) outcomes in underlying cirrhotic portal hypertension (PH) through optimising the transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunting (TIPS) procedure among therapy measures.Materials and methods. The survey included 107 patients with RA admitted to portal hypertension units of the Rostov State Medical University Surgical Clinic during 2007—2020. The patients were randomly assigned to two cohorts similar by gender, age, cirrhosis aetiology and condition severity. The control cohort had conventional paracentesis and albumin infusion. In cohort 2, 57 patients had minimally invasive endovascular TIPS surgery in a recommended setting.Results. TIPS eliminated PH in all 57 patients of cohort 2. Cohort 1 was reported with progressive esophagogastric varices (EGV), their enlargement in 37 and rupture in 11 patients during the first 12 months. Cohort 2 revealed the grade 3—2 and 2—1 EGV reduction in 24 (41.1%) patients with shunt surgery and in 39 (68.4%) patients in one year. Esophagogastric variceal bleeding (EGVB) developed in 9 patients in cohort 1, with 7 lethal outcomes. No variceal bleeding was observed in cohort 2, with 7 patients having the portosystemic shunt dysfunction.Conclusion. The TIPS procedure is justified in cirrhotic PH patients with RA for reducing the mortality rate in a one year follow-up.
Primary Terminal Haemochromatosis in a 50 Year-Old Patient
Authors: Gonik M. I. , Zharkova M. S. , Kiseleva O. Yu. , Berezina E. V. , Ondos Sh. A. , Lerner Yu. V. , Kogan E. A. , Ivashkin V. T. 
Published: April 2021

Aim. A clinical description of end-stage hereditary haemochromatosis manifested with chronic alcohol abuse.Key points. A 50-yo patient referred with marked general weakness as a major complaint. The patient had a history of long-term alcohol consumption at toxic doses, putative cirrhosis, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, type 2 diabetes mellitus. The patient's severity on admission was conditioned by marked hypotension. Further examination aimed at excluding occult gastrointestinal bleeding, adrenal insufficiency, decompensated heart failure. Bronze skin and icteric sclerae were positive. Blood tests revealed severe macrocytic hyperchromic anaemia, thrombocytopae-nia, hyperbilirubinaemia, hypoalbuminaemia, hypocoagulation, elevated transaminases, hyponatraemia, elevated creatinine (CKD DPI 63 mL/min), severe hyperferritinaemia. Faecal occult blood test and EGDS for bleeding were negative. Abdominal ultrasound exposed signs of liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension (ascites, splenomegaly). Echocardiographic evidence of dilated cardiomyopathy of all chambers, a reduced 24% ejection fraction at absent acute myocardial infarction. Primary haemochromatosis was suspected upon high ferritin, transferrin iron saturation and multiple organ dysfunction. Genotyping revealed the HFE 845G > A variant diagnostic of haemochromatosis type 1. Clinical diagnosis: Primary disease: haemochromatosis (homozygous variant HFE 845G > A (A/A)): liver cirrhosis, Child-Pugh class C. Portal hypertension: splenomegaly, ascites. Dilated cardiomyopathy. Diabetes mellitus. Complications: multiple organ dysfunction (SOFA 16). Liver failure: jaundice, hypoalbuminaemia, hypocoagulation. Cardiac rhythm and conduction disorder: paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Acute cardiac failure with underlying CHF IIb, NYHA class 3. Acute renal failure (anuria) with underlying CKD stage 3 (CKD DPI 63 mL/min). Moderate macrocytic hyperchromic anaemia. Acute and chronic adrenal failure. Despite a cardiovascular and renal failure compensation therapy and albumin transfusion, the patient died. Autopsy revealed a marked organ infiltration with haemosiderin (heart, stomach, liver, pancreas, lungs, kidneys, adrenal glands).Conclusion. The case describes a classical clinical manifestation of haemochromatosis: bronze skin hyperpigmentation, liver cirrhosis, diabetes mellitus, cardiomyopathy, adrenal insufficiency. Terminal haemochromatosis, severe cardiac and renal failure decompensation precluded phlebotomy and chelation therapy. A lethal outcome was conditioned by multiple organ dysfunction with underlying massive haemosiderin deposition in most organs.