bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
POSSIBILITIES OF COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF PNEUMONIA ASSOCIATED WITH COVID-19
Authors: Ахмульдинова А.Н. , Касымбекова Г.Д. , Дауыт Д.Н. , Калыев Ж.А. 
Published: December 2021

Актуальность проблемы быстрой и точной диагностики пневмонии, ассоциированной с covid-19, в период присвоения коронавирусной инфекции (covid-19) статуса пандемии, безусловно бесспорна. Своевременная диагностика влияет на прогноз заболевания. Цель оценить возможности КТ при выявлении пневмонии, ассоциированной с covid-19 и уточнения стадии развития пневмонии. Материал и методы. Исследования проводились на мультиспиральном компьютерном томографе SOMATOM Difinition AS (Siemens). В исследования включены пациенты, прошедшие КТ грудной полости с 01.06.2020. по 31.08.2020. из базы Центральной Городской Клинической Больницы (ЦГКБ) г.Алматы. Результаты КТ оценивали визуальным методом. Визуальную оценку осуществляли с использованием трехплоскостной реформации изображений, что позволяло определить локализацию, контуры, протяженность измененных участков легочной ткани. Результаты. По данным проведенных обследований у большинства пациентов были выявлены признаки воспалительных изменений в легких, которые оценивались рентгенологами нашей клиники с учетом уже известных на тот момент специфических паттернов, характерных для пневмонии, ассоциированной с covid-19. По результатам КТ органов грудной клетки при дифференциальной диагностике пневмонии, ассоциированной с covid-19 от другой легочной патологии. Специфичность составила 88%. Заключение. КТ органов грудной полости является высокоспецифичным методом исследования при диагностике пневмонии, ассоциированной с covid-19.
The urgency of the problem of rapid and accurate diagnosis of pneumonia associated with covid-19 during the assignment of coronavirus infection (covid-19) pandemic status is certainly indisputable. Timely diagnosis affects the prognosis of the disease. The aim is to evaluate the possibilities of CT in detecting pneumonia associated with covid-19 and to clarify the stage of development of pneumonia. Material and methods. The studies were carried out on a multispiral computed tomograph SOMATOM Difinition AS (Siemens). The study included patients who underwent CT of the thoracic cavity from 01.06.2020. to 31.08.2020. from the base of the Central City Clinical Hospital (CGKB) in Almaty. CT results were evaluated by visual method. Visual assessment was carried out using a three-plane image reformation, which made it possible to determine the localization, contours, and extent of the altered areas of lung tissue. Results. According to the conducted examinations, most patients showed signs of inflammatory changes in the lungs, which were evaluated by radiologists of our clinic taking into account the specific patterns already known at that time, characteristic of pneumonia associated with covid-19. According to the results of CT of the chest organs in the differential diagnosis of pneumonia associated with covid-19 from other pulmonary pathology. The specificity was 88%. Conclusion. CT of the thoracic cavity is a highly specific method of investigation in the diagnosis of pneumonia associated with covid-19.
ONE OF THE METHODS OF PREVENTING THE OCCURRENCE OF POSTOPERATIVE VENTRAL HERNIAS
Authors: Мадьяров В.М. , Малгаждаров М.С. , Жапбаркулова Г.Р. 
Published: December 2021

Снижение количества коллагена первого типа, существенно влияет на развитие ПВГ. Снизить частоту развития послеоперационных вентральных грыж можно вследствие раннего диагностирования факторов риска снижения коллагена на амбулаторном этапе подготовки к лапаротомии. Чем раньше сделана операция, тем меньше выражены изменения в тканях и органах, а само хирургическое вмешательство является менее сложным и более эффективным. При гладком течении и заживлении после первой операции можно оперировать послеоперационную грыжу спустя 6-8-10 месяцев в зависимости от вида и обширности первого вмешательства, общего состояния больного, величины и динамики роста грыжевого выпячивания. При склонности к ущемлению, а также при развивающемся синдроме спаечной непроходимости следует оперировать в возможно ранние сроки. Если в анамнезе есть указания на тяжело протекавший послеоперационный период в связи с обширным нагноением в ране, длительной тампонадой брюшной полости, тяжелой интоксикацией, перитонитом либо весьма длительным пребыванием в стационаре по поводу релапаротомии, следует выждать больший срок, примерно 12-18 месяцев. На это время надо назначить больному определенный режим, принять меры к улучшению общего состояния, уменьшению страданий в связи с развитием спаечного процесса в грыжевом мешке и в брюшной полости. По показаниям следует рекомендовать ношение хорошо прилаженного бандажа.
Тhe decrease in the amount of collagen of the first type significantly affects the development of PVG. It is possible to reduce the incidence of postoperative ventral hernias due to early diagnosis of risk factors for collagen loss at the outpatient stage of preparation for laparotomy. The earlier the operation, the less pronounced changes in tissues and organs, and the surgery itself is less complex and more effective. When you smooth over and heal after the first operation can be operated incisional hernia after 6-8-10 months depending on the type and extensiveness of the first intervention, the patient's General condition, size and growth of hernial protrusion. With a tendency to infringement, as well as with the developing syndrome of adhesive obstruction, it is necessary to operate as early as possible. If in the history there are indications of a difficult postoperative period due to extensive suppuration in the wound, prolonged tamponade of the abdominal cavity, severe intoxication, peritonitis or a very long stay in the hospital for relaparotomy, you should wait a longer period, about 12-18 months. At this time, it is necessary to assign the patient a certain regime, take measures to improve the General condition, reduce suffering in connection with the development of adhesions in the hernia SAC and in the abdominal cavity. According to the indications, it should be recommended to wear a well-adjusted bandage.
THE PRINCIPLES OF DIAGNOSIS AND SURGICAL TREATMENT OF COMPLICATED FORMS OF GALLSTONE DISEASE
Authors: Мадьяров В.М. , Сахипов М.М. , Жапаркулова Г.Р. 
Published: December 2021

Проанализированы за последние три года результаты оперативного лечения 200 больных с осложненными формами желчнокаменной болезни. Доказано, что риск возникновения гнойно-деструктивных форм острого калькулезного холецистита зависит от характера патологического процесса в желчном пузыре. По поводу гнойно-деструктивных форм заболевания при острого калькулезного холецистита оперировано 79,7% больных и 38,9% при необструктивной форме холецистита. Риск интраабдоминальных осложнений зависит от наличия обструкции, выявленное у 18,1% больных с обтурационнной и 5,6% у пациентов с необтурационнной формой. Госпитализация при гнойно-деструктивных формах 63,5% пациентов в первые 2 часа и 85,7% в первые 6 часов от момента заболевания, дает возможность своевременно оперировать больных до развития его интраабдоминальных осложнений.
The results of treatment of 200 patients with complicated forms of gallstone disease were analyzed. It is proved that the risk of purulent-destructive forms of acute calculous cholecystitis depends on the nature of the pathological process in the gallbladder. For purulent-destructive forms of the disease in acute calculous cholecystitis, 79.7% of patients and 38.9% of patients with non-obstructive form of cholecystitis were operated on. The risk of intra-abdominal complications depends on the presence of obstruction, identified in 18.1% of patients with obstructive and 5.6% in patients with non-obstructive form. Hospitalization with purulent-destructive forms of 63.5% of patients in the first 2 hours and 85.7% in the first 6 hours from the time of the disease makes it possible to timely operate patients before the development of its intra-abdominal complications.
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF TREATMENT OF ACUTE PULMONARY EMBOLISM (ACCORDING TO DATA CLINICAL HOSPITAL OF ALMATY #7)
Authors: Анартаев С.М. , Тайманулы О. , Кайралиев Д.М. , Ергешов К.А. , Ибадуллаев Е.Б. , Бердибеков Б.Б. , Болаткан А.Б. 
Published: December 2021

В статье представлены результаты сравнительного анализа 50 больных тромбоэмболии легочной артерии (ТЭЛА), которые по способу лечения были разделены на 3 группы: I группа - с антикоагулянтной терапией (гепарин). II группа - с селективной катетерной тромболитической (альтеплаза) и антикоагулянтной терапией. III группа - с катетерной аспирационной тромбоэкстракцией; Установлено, что на фоне комплексной терапии, включающую тромболитическую и антикоагулянтную терапии наблюдалась лучшая выживаемость пациентов с острой ТЭЛА.
The article presents results of a comparative analysis of 50 patients with pulmonary embolism (PE), which were divided into 3 groups according to the method of treatment: Group I - with anticoagulant therapy (heparin); Group II - with catheter thrombolytic (alteplase) and anticoagulant therapy. Group III - with catheter embolectomy (aspiration thromboextraction); It was found against the background of complex therapy, including thrombolytic and anticoagulant therapy, there was a better survival rate for patients with acute PE.
THE KETOGENIC DIET: THE EFFECT ON THE BODY AS A WHOLE AND IN NEURO-ONCOLOGICAL DISEASES (literature review)
Authors: Дюсембеков Е.К. , Жайшылыкова Н.Г. , Аханов Г.Ж. 
Published: December 2021

Кетогенная диета помогает в повышении качества жизни пациентов с диабетом 2 типа. Также кетогенная диета способна привести в норму артериальное давление и липидный обмен - повышает уровень “хорошего” холестерина, так как при кетодиете понижается употребление углеводов и повышается потребление жиров. Это вызывает «кетоз» - употребление жиров в качестве топлива. Но отрицательным влиянием стало то, что метаболитами на период диеты становятся сами кетоновые тела, которые отравляют организм и ухудшают состояние организма. Химиотерапия и лучевая терапия помимо онкологических клеток убивает и здоровые клетки, этим вызывая, рост онкологических клеток в том же органе или уже в другом органе. И кетогенная диета, одна из диет, которая может увеличить время ремиссии или затормозить рост онкологических клеток. То есть кетогенную диету нужно использовать в комплексном лечении онкологических заболеваний.
The ketogenic diet helps to improve the quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes. Also, the ketogenic diet can normalize blood pressure and lipid metabolism - the level of "good" cholesterol increases, since the ketogenic diet reduces the consumption of carbohydrates and increases the consumption of fats. This causes "ketosis" - the use of fat as fuel. But the negative effect was that the ketone bodies themselves become metabolites for the period of the diet, which poison the body and worsen the condition of the body. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy, in addition to cancer cells, also kills healthy cells, causing cancer cells to grow in the same organ or in another organ. And the ketogenic diet, one of the diets that can increase the time of remission or slow down the growth of cancer cells. That is, the ketogenic diet should be used in the complex treatment of cancer.
PRADER-WILLI SYNDROME: A CLINICAL CASE
Authors: Базарбекова Р.Б. , Досанова А.К. , Эрмаханова Т.У. , Апбасова У.З. , Сансызбаева Г.А. , Бектаева И.С. , Казарян С.У. , Макабаева А.К. 
Published: December 2021

Синдром Прадера-Вилли - редкое наследственное заболевание, причиной которого является отсутствие отцовской копии участка хромосомы 15q11-13. Одним из проявлений данного генетического синдрома может быть соматотропная недостаточность. Именно низкорослость часто является поводом для обращения родителей пациента к врачу-эндокринологу. Для своевременной диагностики заболевания очень важен командный подход специалистов с участием генетика, эндокринолога, невропатолога с обязательным проведением генетического анализа. Обнаружение дефицита гормона роста и назначение соответствующей заместительной терапии повышает уровень медицинской и социальной адаптации ребенка. В данной статье описан случай синдрома Прадера-Вилли с соматотропной недостаточностью у 4-летней девочки, представлены преимущества и риски применения гормона роста.
Prader-Willi syndrome is a rare hereditary disorder caused by the absence of a paternal copy of the 15q11-13 chromosome region. One of the manifestations of this genetic syndrome may be somatotropic insufficiency. It is the short stature that is often the reason for the patient's parents to contact an endocrinologist. For the timely diagnosis of the disease, a team approach of specialists with the participation of a geneticist, endocrinologist, neuropathologist with the obligatory genetic analysis is very important. Detection of growth hormone deficiency and the appointment of appropriate substitution therapy increases the level of medical and social adaptation of the child. This article describes a case of Prader-Willi syndrome with growth hormone deficiency in a 4-year-old girl, presents the benefits and risks of using growth hormone.
Dos emergencias: Violencia Basada en Genero y la COVID-19, en México
Authors: Guerrero Flores Francisco , Molina Evaristo Kitzia Paulina 
Published: December 2021

La violencia basada en género (VBG) es un reto para la consecución de la equidad de género y la garantía de una vida libre de violencia para las mujeres. Una vez que la emergencia por la expansión del virus que causa la enfermad de la Covid-19 inició, con las subsecuentes medidas de confinamiento adoptadas por México, han aumentado los casos de VBG. El presente artículo es de tipo jurídico y se desprende de un proyecto de investigación; lleva a cabo una revisión de textos provenientes de fuentes académicas, ONG´s y decretos oficiales acerca de la incidencia de las medidas de confinamiento sobre la VBG, con el propósito de reflexionar sobre la violencia extrema que viven las mujeres, en el marco de la cuarentena para contener la propagación de la Covid –19. El documento se estructura en dos secciones y una conclusión. En la primera se aborda la VBG como un problema estructural y crónico en México. En la segunda sección se aporta información en torno al agravamiento de la violencia contra las mujeres y niñas en la actual pandemia, colocando especial atención en los feminicidios. Se muestran datos que permiten afirmar que el encierro agrava la VBG, problema que urge ser atendido por las autoridades estatales. Finalmente, se concluye con la necesidad de atender ambos problemas que son una emergencia que asola a México.
Hubungan Pengetahuan, Sikap dan Ketersediaan Sarana Prasarana dengan Perilaku Pengolahan Limbah Medis oleh Petugas Kebersihan
Authors: Tri Puji Laksono Galih , Sari Agustina 
Published: December 2021

Introduction: The development of health service facilities is currently growing rapidly, but on the other hand, the waste produced is a threat in itself to environmental sustainability. Therefore, the health service unit has the obligation and responsibility to manage the waste produced, including in the hospital.
Objectives: The research objective was to determine the relationship between knowledge, attitudes and infrastructure towards the behavior of medical waste treatment by cleaners in the Thousand Islands Regional Hospital in 2020.
Method: The quantitative research method used a cross sectional design. The population of this study were all employees of the Seribu Kepuluan Regional General Hospital. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling with a total sample size of 106 people. The data used are primary data through distributing questionnaires and secondary data from books and literature. Data analysis was performed by univariate and bivariate with the chi- square test.
Result: The results showed the relationship between knowledge with (p-value = 0,000 and OR = 43,333), attitude with (p-value = 0,000 and OR = 12,692), and infrastructure (p-value = 0,000 and OR = 25,143) on waste management behavior. medical by janitor. There is a relationship between knowledge, attitudes, and facilities and the behavior of medical waste management by cleaning workers.
Conclution: It is hoped that the Seribu Islands Regional General Hospital will provide training, and provide complete facilities and infrastructure in medical waste management in order to increase the knowledge of hospital staff and maximize medical waste management.
Pengetahuan Wabah Covid-19 dan Aturan Kekarantinaan terhadap Kepatuhan dalam Upaya Pencegahan Covid-19
Authors: Abdul aziz  , Koto Yeni , Rokhmiati Eka 
Published: December 2021

Latar belakang: Pengetahuan yang rendah tentang wabah Covid-19 dan kontak yang erat dengan pasien terinfeksi Covid-19 akan mempermudah proses penularan Covid-19 antara manusia. Sehingga himbauan kepada masyarakat untuk menjaga jarak fisik, melakukan berbagai kegiatan dari rumah, seperti bekerja, beribadah, dan belajar utuk mencegah menyebarnya Covid-19 di masyarakat.
Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pengetahuan tentang wabah Covid-19 dan aturan kekarantinaan terhadap kepatuhan dalam upaya pencegahan Covid-19 di Desa Dramaga Bogor.
Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional dengan teknik pengambilan sampel secara accidental sampling. Jumlah responden 114 warga Desa Dramaga. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan kuesioner. Uji statistik menggunakan uji Chi square dengan tingkat kemaknaan α 0,05.
Hasil: Hasil uji chi square menunjukkan ada hubungan pengetahuan wabah Covid-19 terhadap kepatuhan dalam upaya pencegahan Covid-19 di Desa Dramaga Bogor dengan Pvalue 0,000 < 0,05.
Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara pengetahuan tentang wabah Covid-19 terhadap kepatuhan dalam upaya pencegahan Covid-19 di Desa Dramaga Bogor.
The 2001 Meetings of the World Society for Ekistics
Authors: Of Ekistics Athens Center 
Published: December 2021

The contents of the present issue come as a continuation of the previous issue of Ekistics, vol. 69, no.412/413/414, January/February-March/April-May/June 2002, with the same theme. As is explained in the table of contents (pages 2 and 3) of that issue and also reproduced in the table of contents (pages 178 and 179) of the present issue, the material used is classified as follows: The 2001 Meetings of the World Society for Ekistics, Berlin, 24-28 October

Executive Council Meeting
The C.A. Doxiadis Lecture
Symposion: Defining Success of the City in the 21st Century
General Assembly

Apart from the C.A. Doxiadis Lecture, the main contents of both issues refer to the material collected before, during and, in some cases, after the Symposion "Defining Success of the City in the 21st Century". More specifically, the issues contain:

Papers reflecting the presentations made during the Symposion and these concern papers delivered before and during the Symposion or documents that were prepared by the presenters after the Symposion.
Papers that were made available at the Symposion by members who intended to attend but finally were totally unable to do so. These documents were made available to all participants but were never presented or discussed. Some were revised and edited by the authors.
Papers that were prepared after the Symposion by members who could not attend.
Cities are successful because they are civic: The 2004 C.A. Doxiadis Lecture
Authors: Crombie David 
Published: December 2021

The decision for the organization annually of a C.A. Doxiadis Lecture to honor the memory of the founder of Ekistics, was taken at the WSE meetings in _el_kovice, Czech Republic, in 2000. The series is meant to invite distinguished experts in any professional field which may be considered as directly or indirectly contributing to ekistics, to expose their ideas on any theme of their preference. Reference to C.A. Doxiadis or ekistics is not required, although any such reference is not excluded. The program for this year's lecture scheduled to take place at 19.30 hrs on 24 June was as follows:
Chairman: Alexander B. LemanIntroduction: Ingrid Leman StefanovicLecturer: Hon. David CrombieTheme: "Avoiding the 'dark age ahead' "
The lecture was delivered in the Medical Sciences Auditorium and was followed by a lively discussion.
*An edited version of Mr Crombie's presentation is produced on the opposite page entitled "Cities are successful because they are civic."
The WSE President, Alexander B. Leman, offered the speaker the four books by C.A. Doxiadis which were presented in 1976, one year after his death, by the then President of WSE, Professor R. Buckminster Fuller, at the Assembly of the United Nations Conference on Human Settlements - Habitat I in Vancouver.
The first fifty years of the journal, 1955-2005
Authors: Of Ekistics Athens Center 
Published: December 2021

On the following four pages we present a list of all issues of Ekistics to date:

the journal was first issued in October 1955 as Tropical Housing & Planning Monthly Bulletin;
in 1956 it became Tropical Housing & Planning Monthly Information Bulletin;
in October 1957 it became Ekistics: Housing & Planning Abstracts;
in May 1959, it came out as Ekistics: Abstracts of the Problems and Science of Human Settlements;
in January 1961, the journal appeared as Ekistics: Reviews on the Problems and Science of Human Settlements; and finally
in January 1965 and for the last forty years, it has been published as Ekistics: The Problems and Science of Human Settlements
Method for synthesis: The I.D.E.A. and C.I.D. methods
Authors: Doxiadis C. A. 
Published: December 2021

An extract from the article:
"After defining the frame which prepares the stage of synthesis we have to establish the process by which we will proceed from one stage to another in order to:

cover the whole area in the proper time period;
cover all aspects of our problem at the right time and at the right scale and details;
create as tightly knit a system of answers to our problems as possible.

To achieve this we have developed the Isolation of Dimensions and Elimination of Alternatives (I.D.E.A.) Method, combined with the Continuously Increasing Dimensionality (C.I.D.) Method. This method had been under development for years, but was presented for the first time in 1966 when it was implemented in the study of the Developing Urban Detroit Area (UDA)."
Secado de productos típicos de la Costa Caribe Colombiana bajo el análisis del índice de rendimiento del secador
Authors: Mealla Sánchez Luis Enrique 
Published: December 2021

Se presenta la aplicación de una metodología de evaluación de la cinética de secado aplicada a un conjunto de medidas generadas secando productos regionales en un secador solar de flujo natural, que utiliza una chimenea para ayudar a impulsar el aire. Las experiencias se realizaron bajo radiación solar evaluada en la Costa Caribe de Colombia, flujo de aire impulsado por diferencia de densidad proporcionada para la diferencia de temperatura ocasionada por el calentamiento del secador. Se tomaron cuatro grupos de medidas con distintos productos: cerdo en filetes delgados, yuca en rodajas, mango verde y maduro en rodajas. En el presente trabajo se muestra el comportamiento del secado de productos regionales bajo una metodología de análisis: el denominado Índice de Performance del Secador (IPS). Los resultados de esta metodología aplicadas al análisis de los datos arrojados confirman que es apropiado evaluar bajo esta metodología.