bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of Prediction Model for Harvest Moisture Content of Rough Rice Using Meteorological Data and Color Characteristics
Authors: Kim Hoon , Kim Oui Woung , Han Jae Woong , Lee Hyo-Jai 
Published: December 2021

HighlightsMoisture content, meteorological data, and leaf color characteristics of rice were investigated by harvest time.The moisture content decreased, and leaf color value increased as days after heading passed.Harvest moisture content prediction models were developed using meteorological data and leaf color.It is necessary to use both leaf color and meteorological data to determine the harvest time.Abstract.In this study, ambient temperature, accumulated temperature, and rice leaf color values were measured before harvest time to develop models for predicting the harvest moisture content (HMC) of short-grain rice. Field tests were conducted on Chuchung and Whang-gum-nu-ri, which are short-grain rice cultivars, at different experimental plots, for four years. As days after heading (DAH) passed, the moisture content (MC) decreased, and leaf color (L*, a*, and b* values) tended to increase. An experimental model that can predict HMC was developed based on the experimental results of 3 years, and the experimental results of the remaining 1 year were used for verification. The coefficient of determination of the HMC prediction model that used ambient and accumulated temperatures was 0.719, and that of the prediction model that used leaf color was as low as 0.418. However, the coefficient of determination of the integrated model that used all the factors, i.e. ambient and accumulated temperatures and leaf color, was as high as 0.915. Therefore, to determine the harvest time using the HMC of rough rice, leaf color, and meteorological data should be used together. Leaf color tended to increase markedly as the DAH increased, but the leaf color values were not similar for the same MC each year. This is because leaf color is influenced not only by MC but also by various cultivation factors such as soil conditions and growth rate during the rice cultivation process. Keywords: Accumulated temperature, Harvest, Harvest moisture content, Leaf color, Rice, Short variety.
Robust Markerless Registration of Point Clouds for Terrestrial Laser Scanning-Based Measurement of Bulk Grains Stockpiled in Storehouses
Authors: Hu Xingbo , Yang Leidong , Wu Fangming , Tian Yinghong 
Published: December 2021

HighlightsFully automated registration free from artificial markers for multi-scan point clouds aimed for TLS-based measurement of bulk grains in large storehouses.The geometric structure of the large grain storehouse is explored to derive geometrical features as the structurally semantic information for scene understanding.The geometrical features are modeled as a small ordered set and correspondences are established by performing trials for all possible matching pairs of two sets extracted from two different scans.Significant improvements have been achieved in registration accuracy, computational efficiency, and robustness against scenes with symmetric structures as well as the immunity to noises and varying point density.Abstract. Point clouds collected by terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) in the application of bulk grain measurement and quantification contain a vast amount of data, relatively low-textured surfaces and highly symmetric structures. All of these challenges make it a difficult task to automatically register multiple scans from different viewpoints needed to fully cover a large-scale scene. To address the challenges, this article presents a robust automatic marker-free registration method dedicated for multi-scan TLS point cloud data captured in large grain storehouses. The framework of the dedicated method follows the common procedure to split the entire registration into coarse alignment and fine registration, and uses the iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm for the latter. The main contribution of the proposed dedicated method is an efficient way to find a global coarse alignment that is robust across individual scans in a TLS-based bulk grain measurement project. To tackle the correspondence problem, which is at the core of a registration task, the geometric information inherent in grain storehouses is explored in the stage of global coarse alignment. The derived semantic feature points are modeled as a small ordered set and reliable correspondences are established by performing trials for all possible matching pairs of two sets extracted from two different scans. Experimental results show the dedicated method outperforms the existing generic markless registration approaches in terms of accuracy, robustness and computational efficiency. With robustness, efficiency and accuracy, the proposed markless point cloud registration method dedicated for bulk grain measurement can cover a gap between the TLS technology and various granary field applications. Especially, its applicability to the dominant storage structure in Chinese huge grain reserve system implies remarkable efficiency improvements and will facilitate the application of TLS-based measurement in the national grain inventory of China. Keywords: Bulk grain measurement, Feature extraction, Grain storehouse, Markerless registration, Point cloud, Terrestrial laser scanning.
The Impact of Tedding on Alfalfa Nutritive Value in a Silage Production System
Authors: Hartfield Lindsey M. , Digman Matthew Francis 
Published: December 2021

HighlightsTedding alfalfa reduced moisture content by 108 g kg-1 on a wet basis over a 24 h period.Tedding increased water soluble carbohydrates in harvested alfalfa which could improve silage nutritive value.Tedded alfalfa had similar or lower ash content compared to non-tedded alfalfa.Tedding did not have an observable impact on total digestible nutrients.Abstract. Two treatments, tedded and untedded, were applied to an alfalfa field to determine their impact on the nutritive value of the resulting harvested forage. The tedded treatment area was tedded immediately after the cutting, and the untedded treatment was left in its original 1.5 m width windrow. The tedded alfalfa dried faster (p = 0.001) than the untedded in all cuttings. When results were averaged across the three cuttings, crude protein (p = 0.006), water soluble carbohydrates (p = 0.05), and ash content (p &lt; 0.001) were also observed to be different. The tedded treatment had a 6 g kg-1 lower crude protein content, a 9 g kg-1 higher water soluble carbohydrate content and an 8 g kg-1 lower ash content than the untedded treatment. A difference was not observed between the treatments for neutral detergent fiber (p = 0.49) or total digestible nutrients (p = 0.89). Producers can rely on a tedding intervention to hasten alfalfa drying for silage production while having a minimal impact on forage nutritive value. Keywords: Alfalfa, Forage nutritive value, Medicago sativa, Tedder
Optimal Design of Photovoltaic Irrigation System with Different Nozzle Numbers
Authors: Wu Xianfang , Di Meng , Tan Minggao , Liu Houlin 
Published: December 2021

HighlightsWhen the photovoltaic irrigation system is loaded with different numbers of nozzles, the working pressure of the nozzle will change. This is because the pipeline characteristics have changed with the variation of nozzle number. So the pump operating point changes and its head will also change, which leads to the change of working pressure of nozzle. To solve this problem, by theory analysis based on the test results, it is feasible to make the pump flow rate/head curve flatter. In this case, when the system pipeline characteristics change, the pump head changes little.This article presents a new optimization method to improve the performance of photovoltaic irrigation systems under variable load. The method just needs to optimize the four pump impeller structure parameters, which can make the pump flow rate/head curve flatter. So the pump head changes a little when the system is loaded with different numbers of nozzles, which can make the working pressure of the nozzle stable and improve the system performance.Taking the slope of flow-head curve as the optimization objective, and the impeller blade outlet angle ß2, blade outlet width b2, blade number Z, and rear cover diameter D2min as the optimization variables, the performance of the photovoltaic irrigation system is optimized by orthogonal test design optimization scheme. After optimization, when the system is loaded with a different number of nozzles, it can provide relatively similar pressure under different ranges of light intensity.Abstract. The performance of the photovoltaic irrigation system under variable load were obtained and analyzed through test measurement. The adaptability of the system under variable load could be improved by optimizing the pump impeller structure, and then the irrigation uniformity of the photovoltaic irrigation system under different loads could be improved. Taking the slope of flow-head curve as the optimization objective, and the impeller blade outlet angle ß2, blade outlet width b2, blade number Z, and rear cover diameter D2min as the optimization variables, the performance of the photovoltaic irrigation system is optimized by orthogonal test design optimization scheme and the test verification was carried out. The range method was applied to analyze the simulation results. It can be found that when the geometric parameters of the impeller are D2 = 86 mm, ß2 = 41°, b2 = 4.0 mm, and Z = 9, the slope of the pump flow-head curve is the highest. The system performance after optimization was measured and compared with the original scheme. By comparison, it was drawn that when the system is loaded with different numbers of nozzles, the nozzle pressure can be maintained near the optimal pressure of the nozzle within a wider light intensity. After optimization, when the system is loaded with a different number of nozzles, it can provide relatively similar pressure under different ranges of light intensity. Keywords: Nozzle, Orthogonal test, Optimal design, Photovoltaic irrigation, Pump.
Kinematics Analysis and Trajectory Planning of Segmentation Robot for Chilled Sheep Carcass
Authors: Bao Xiulan , Junsong Leng , Mao Jincheng 
Published: December 2021

HighlightsAn automatic sheep segmentation robot system was developed to realize the automatic segmentation of chilled sheep carcass and improve the segmentation efficiency.The mechanical properties of mutton and lamb ribs were analyzed.The motion model of robot was established and the cutting path of sheep carcass was designed.Accurate segmentation of sheep carcass was realized.Abstract. With the quick development of animal husbandry, it is imperative to switch from extensive management to intensive operation. To improve the automation and quality of mutton segmentation, an automatic sheep segmentation robot system was developed in this article, which realizes the automatic segmentation of chilled sheep carcass and improves the segmentation efficiency of chilled sheep carcass. According to the technological requirements of sheep carcass segmentation, the cutting procedure of slaughtering chilled fresh sheep carcass was designed and the three-dimensional model of chilled fresh sheep carcass was established in reverse. A chilled fresh sheep carcass clamp was designed based on the characteristics of the profiling structure. Then the mechanical characteristics of chilled fresh mutton and sheep ribs were analyzed. Specifically, considering that the carcass of chilled fresh sheep is a viscous body, the shear test of chilled fresh mutton tissue was carried out. Thus, the kinematics model of segmentation robot was established. The workspace of the slaughtering robot was analyzed. Furthermore, the dynamic model of a slaughtering robot was established. The cutting track of the segmentation robot was designed and the sheep carcass cutting experiment was completed on the segmentation robot system. The mass of sheep carcass before and after cutting were 15.3 and 14.9 kg, respectively. The loss rate during cutting was 2.61%, which indicates the incision was smooth and the sheep carcass segmentation was accurate. The effectiveness of the sheep carcass segmentation robot was proved by experimental results. Keywords: Cutting force, Reverse modeling, Sheep contour, Segmentation robot, Trajectory planning.
Characterizing turbulence profile layers through celestial single-source observations
Authors: Laidlaw Douglas J. , Reeves Andrew P. , Singhal Himanshi , Calvo Ramon Mata 
Published: December 2021

Future spacecraft missions aim to communicate with the Earth using near-infrared lasers. The possible bit rate of free-space optical communication (FSOC) is orders of magnitude greater when compared to current radio frequency transmissions. The challenge of ground–space FSOC is that atmospheric turbulence perturbs optical wavefront propagation. These wavefront aberrations can be measured using a Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor (SHWFS). A ground-based adaptive optics (AO) system can mitigate these aberrations along the optical path by translating wavefront measurements into deformable mirror commands. However, errors result from atmospheric turbulence continuously evolving, and there are unavoidable delays during AO wavefront correction. The length of an acceptable delay is referred to as the coherence time—a parameter dependent on the strength of turbulence profile layers and their corresponding wind-driven velocity. This study introduces a novel technique, to the best of our knowledge, for using SHWFS single-source observations, e.g., the downlink signal from a geostationary satellite, to measure the strength and velocity of turbulence profile layers. This work builds upon previous research and demonstrates that single-source observations can disentangle turbulence profile layers through studying the cross-covariance of temporally offset SHWFS centroid measurements. Simulated data are used to verify that the technique can recover the coherence time. The expected and measured results have a correlation coefficient of 0.95.
A rapid real-time polymerase chain reaction-based live virus microneutralization assay for detection of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in blood/serum
Authors: Abidi Syed Hani , Imtiaz Kehkashan , Kanji Akbar , Qaiser Shama , Khan Erum , Iqbal Kiran , Veldhoen Marc , Ghias Kulsoom , Simas J. Pedro , Hasan Zahra 
Published: December 2021

Background
Individuals recovering from COVID-19 are known to have antibodies against the Spike and other structural proteins. Antibodies against Spike have been shown to display viral neutralization. However, not all antibodies against Spike have neutralizing ability although they may be cross-reactive. There is a need for easy-to-use SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing assays for the determination of virus-neutralizing activity in sera of individuals. Here we describe a PCR-based micro‐neutralization assay that can be used to evaluate the viral neutralization titers of serum from SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals.

Methods
The SARS-CoV-2 strain used was isolated from a nasopharyngeal specimen of a COVID-19 case. The limiting dilution method was used to obtain a 50% tissue culture infective dose (TCID50) of Vero cells. For the micro‐neutralization assay, 19 serum samples, with positive IgG titers against Spike Receptor-Binding Domain (RBD) were tested. After 24 hours, infected cells were inspected for the presence of a cytopathic effect, lysed and RNA RT-PCR conducted for SARS-CoV-2. PCR target Ct values were used to calculate percent neutralization/inhibition of SARS-CoV-2.

Results
Out of 19 samples, 13 samples gave 100% neutralization at all dilutions, 1 sample showed neutralization at the first dilution, 4 samples showed neutralization at lower dilutions, while one sample did not demonstrate any neutralization. The RBD ODs and neutralization potential percentages were found to be positively correlated.

Conclusion
We describe a rapid RT-PCR-based SARS-CoV-2 microneutralization assay for the detection of neutralizing antibodies. This can effectively be used to test the antiviral activity of serum antibodies for the investigation of both disease-driven and vaccine-induced responses.
Herramientas digitales aplicadas a la etnomusicología
Authors: Payo León Enrique 
Published: December 2021

Las “ventajas de las herramientas digitales” y las “posibilidades tecnológicas” que pueden aplicarse a la etnomusicología moderna parecen haberse quedado en clichés etéreos que en pocas ocasiones se llevan a la práctica. Pero cuando se hace, muchas veces queda en algo parcial. El hecho de digitalizar los registros sonoros y ponerlos a disposición de la comunidad científica abre boca a grandes proyectos de recuperación histórica, pero está eclipsando la capacidad crítica para cuestionar la viabilidad de estos materiales. Es amplia la bibliografía en materia de digitalización, preservación, gestión y catalogación de los registros sonoros, comenzando por el manual de recomendaciones del Centro de Documentación de Música y Danza (2017)1, pero exigua en el paso siguiente. Y es que para que estas grabaciones sirvan a la etnomusicología en sus transcripciones y elaboración de cancioneros, entre otras tareas, necesitan un proceso de reparación acústica que mejore su inteligibilidad. Solo así se logrará una verdadera transferencia de conocimiento plena.
Nos referimos, en esta ocasión, a una problemática de la recuperación de registros sonoros grabados sobre soportes analógicos: el ruido. No solo dificulta la transcripción, sino que provoca fatiga auditiva en el investigador, ralentizando todo el proceso. Este artículo detalla las tipologías más comunes de este fenómeno y presenta un software profesional de reparación de audio: iZotope RX. En concreto, se aplica de forma práctica en las grabaciones de campo del musicólogo alemán Kurt Schindler en España a partir de 1920. Son referentes para los estudios de la etnomusicología española, por ser de las primeras fuentes documentales de los trabajos de campo antes de la guerra civil, como apunta Olarte (2010)2. Como prueba, se lleva el resultado al tratamiento de algunas piezas cuya transcripción se recoge en el cancionero póstumo de Schindler, Música y poesía popular de España y Portugal (1941)3, y se cuestiona su utilidad a través de una matriz DAFO.

1. Comité de expertos en digitalización de archivos sonoros (2017): Archivos sonoros. Recomendaciones para su digitalización. Madrid: Centro de Documentación de Música y Danza, INAEM. ISBN: 978-84-9041-272-5. https://www.musicadanza.es/ficheros/documentos/archivos-sonoros.pdf [01/04/2021]
2. Olarte Martínez, Matilde (2010): “Las anotaciones de campo de Kurt Schindler durante sus grabaciones en España”, Etnofolk. Revista de Etnomusicología, No. 16-17, pp. 35-74. ISSN 1698-4064.
3. Schindler, Kurt (1941): Folk music and poetry of Spain and Portugal [obra póstuma]. Nueva York: Hispanic Institute in the United States.
Angiogênese em carcinoma de células escamosas de língua e lábio inferior
Authors: Souza Gleicy Fátima Medeiros de , Freitas Roseana de Almeida , Miranda João Luis de 
Published: December 2021

A angiogênese tumoral tem sido associada com a agressividade das neoplasias, inclusive nos carcinomas da cavidade oral. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a correlação existente entre o índice angiogênico e o grau histológico de malignidade em 8 casos de carcinomas de células escamosas de lábio inferior e 10 de língua, analisados segundo o sistema recomendado por Bryne (1998) e classificados como de alto e baixo escore conforme Anneroth et al. (1986). A vascularização foi mensurada através da contagem das células endoteliais imunocoradas pelos anticorpos FvW e CD31 em cinco campos de maior densidade vascular na profundidade tumoral. Os resultados constataram que a marcação com o anticorpo FvW foi mais homogênea e eficiente (100% dos casos positivos), que o CD31 (55,5% de positividade). Não foi evidenciada correlação significativa entre a contagem microvascular (MVC) e a gradação histológica das lesões em ambas localizações. Estes resultados sugerem que a avaliação da angiogênese tumoral não representa um bom marcador para avaliação do comportamento biológico de carcinomas de células escamosas de lábio inferior e língua.
Avaliação radiográfica das vértebras cervicais como método para estimativa da maturidade esquelética
Authors: Paiva Guilherme Assumpção Neves de , Barbosa Renato Sirna , Ferreira Evandro Eloy Marcone , Carvalho Paulo Eduardo Guedes de , Ferreira Rívea Inês 
Published: December 2021

Foi analisada a aplicação clínica de dois métodos para estimativa da maturidade esquelética por meio da observação das vértebras cervicais. Telerradiografias em normal lateral e radiografias de mão e punho de 220 pacientes com 9 a 16 anos de idade (107 do gênero masculino e 113 do feminino), foram interpretadas por examinador calibrado segundo os métodos de Baccetti et al. e Hassel & Farman, bem como pelo método de Martins para ossos de mão e punho. Testes de correlação e Kappa (κ) intra-examinador foram utilizados para análise da precisão das estimativas. O dimorfismo entre gêneros foi investigado com a utilização de testes Qui-Quadrado (α = 0,05). Foram obtidos coeficientes de correlação elevados (Rs > 0,70; p < 0,001) e índices κ de 0,70 a 1,00. O dimorfismo foi inicialmente comprovado por ambos os métodos de vértebras na idade de 11 anos. Conforme o método de Baccetti et al., 50% dos meninos foram classificados no estágio CVMS II (p = 0,012), enquanto que aproximadamente 89% das meninas encontravam-se nos estágios CVMS III e CVMS IV. Pelo método de Hassel & Farman, 71,4% dos meninos estavam na fase de Aceleração (p = 0,000), sendo que 36,8% e 26,3% das meninas encontravam-se nas fases de Desaceleração (p = 0,011) e Maturação (p = 0,037), res-pectivamente. Os métodos estudados demonstraram boa reprodutibilidade. Houve dimorfismo nas idades de 11, 12 e 13 anos, pelo método de Hassel & Farman. De acordo com o método de Baccetti et al., diferenças significativas ocorreram nas idades de 11 e 13 anos.
Estudo comparativo da porcentagem das áreas cortical, trabecular e do canal medular do fêmur de ratos hipertensos (SHR) e normotensos
Authors: Pereira Andresa Costa , Amadei Susana Ungaro , Silveira Vanessa Ávila Sarmento , Balducci Ivan , Faig-Leite Horácio 
Published: December 2021

Os portadores da hipertensão arterial sistêmica apresentam uma tendência à perda óssea devido às alterações no me-tabolismo do cálcio. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar e comparar as porcentagens das áreas cortical, trabecular e do canal medular em ratos hipertensos (SHR) e normotensos. Foram utilizados 24 ratos, sendo 12 SHR (6 machos e 6 fêmeas) e 12 normotensos (6 machos e 6 fêmeas). Após o sacrifício e dissecção do fêmur direito, foi realizado um corte transversal (aproximadamente 1mm de espessura) na região de maior diâmetro do osso e o material imerso em hipoclorito de sódio 2% para retirada do tecido mole. As peças foram fotografadas em um estereomicroscópio e as imagens submetidas ao programa Image-J® para mensuração (em mm2) das áreas cortical, trabecular e do canal medular. Os valores encontrados foram transformados em porcentagens e submetidos à ANOVA e ao teste de Tukey (5%). Verificou-se que o valor de porcentagem do canal medular foi maior nos ratos hipertensos, tanto machos (p=0,02) quanto fêmeas (p=0,01). Em relação às médias das porcentagens das áreas cortical e trabecular, os animais hipertensos apresentaram valores menores, embora não estatisticamente significativos. Também não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre machos e fêmeas. Concluiu-se que os animais hipertensos machos e fêmeas apresentaram aumento da porcentagem da área do canal medular, provavelmente em conseqüência à redução dos ossos cortical e trabecular, o que sugere um aumento na reabsorção óssea nos hipertensos.