bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiocapitellar joint pressures following transradial amputation increase during elbow motion
Authors: Jo Young-Hoon , Lee Bong-Gun , Lee Chang-Hun , Lee Kwang-Hyun , Kim Dong-Hong , Kim Doo-Sup , Kim Sung Jae 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to compare the contact area, mean pressure, and peak pressure of the radiocapitellar joint (RCJ) in the upper limb after transradial amputation with those of the normal upper limb during elbow flexion and forearm rotation. Testing was performed using ten fresh-frozen upper limbs, and the transradial amputation was performed 5 cm proximal to the radial styloid process. The specimens were connected to a custom-designed apparatus for testing. A pressure sensor was inserted into the RCJ. The biomechanical indices of the RCJ were measured during elbow flexion and forearm rotation in all specimens. There was no significant difference in the contact area between the normal and transradial amputated upper limbs. However, in the upper limbs after transradial amputation, the mean pressure was higher than that in the normal upper limbs at all positions of elbow flexion and forearm rotation. The peak pressure was significantly higher in the upper limbs after transradial amputation than in the normal upper limbs, and was especially increased during pronation at 45° of elbow flexion. In conclusion, these results could cause cartilage erosion in the RCJ of transradial amputees. Thus, methods to reduce the pressure of the RCJ should be considered when a myoelectric prosthesis is developed.
Changing readiness to mitigate SARS-CoV-2 steered long-term epidemic and social trajectories
Authors: Wirtz Kai 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSocietal responses crucially shape the course of a pandemic, but are difficult to predict. Mitigation measures such as social distancing are here assumed to minimize a utility function that consists of two conflicting sub-targets, the disease related mortality and the multifaceted consequences of mitigation. The relative weight of the two sub-targets defines the mitigation readiness H, which entails the political, social, and psychological aspects of decision making. The dynamics of social and behavioral mitigation thus follows an adaptive rule, which in turn is mediated by a non-adaptive dynamics of H. This framework for social dynamics is integrated into an epidemiological model and applied to the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Unperturbed simulations accurately reproduce diverse epidemic and mitigation trajectories from 2020 to 2021, reported from 11 European countries, Iran, and 8 US states. High regional variability in the severity and duration of the spring lockdown and in peak mortality rates of the first SARS-CoV-2 wave can be explained by differences in the reconstructed readiness H. A ubiquitous temporal decrease of H has greatly intensified second and third waves and slowed down their decay. The unprecedented skill of the model suggests that the combination of an adaptive and a non-adaptive rule may constitute a more fundamental mode in social dynamics. Its implementation in an epidemic context can produce realistic long-term scenarios relevant for strategic planning, such as on the feasibility of a zero-infection target or on the evolutionary arms race between mutations of SARS-CoV-2 and social responses.
Cellular basis of omentum activation and expansion revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing using a parabiosis model
Authors: Ishigaki Kazuhiko , Kumano Keiki , Fujita Kyohei , Ueno Hiroo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAlthough the physiological function of the omentum remains elusive, it has been proposed that it plays an important role in fat storage, immune regulation, and regeneration of injured tissues and organs. Although the omentum undergoes expansion upon activation, reports on the accurate assessment of increased cell types and the origin of the increased cells remain limited. To investigate this aspect, the omenta of parabiotic mice were subjected to activation using distinct fluorescent markers and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was performed to identify circulation-derived omental cells. We found that a considerable number of circulating cells contributed to the activation of the omentum. The omental cells derived from circulating cells exhibited morphological features similar to those of fibroblasts. scRNA-seq revealed the existence of a novel cell population that co-expressed macrophage and fibroblast markers in the activated omentum, suggesting that it corresponded to circulating macrophage-derived fibroblast-like cells. Lineage tracing experiments revealed that most fibroblasts in the activated omentum were not derived from WT1-positive mesenchymal progenitors. The cell cluster also expressed various chemokine genes, indicating its role in the activation and recruitment of immune cells. These results provide important information regarding the activation of the omentum.
Gut microbiota signature of pathogen-dependent dysbiosis in viral gastroenteritis
Authors: Mizutani Taketoshi , Aboagye Samuel Yaw , Ishizaka Aya , Afum Theophillus , Mensah Gloria Ivy , Asante-Poku Adwoa , Asandem Diana Asema , Parbie Prince Kofi , Abana Christopher Zaab-Yen , Kushitor Dennis , Bonney Evelyn Yayra , Adachi Motoi , Hori Hiroki , Ishikawa Koichi , Matano Tetsuro , Taniguchi Kiyosu , Opare David , Arhin Doris , Asiedu-Bekoe Franklin , Ampofo William Kwabena , Yeboah-Manu Dorothy , Koram Kwadwo Ansah , Anang Abraham Kwabena , Kiyono Hiroshi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAcute gastroenteritis associated with diarrhea is considered a serious disease in Africa and South Asia. In this study, we examined the trends in the causative pathogens of diarrhea and the corresponding gut microbiota in Ghana using microbiome analysis performed on diarrheic stools via 16S rRNA sequencing. In total, 80 patients with diarrhea and 34 healthy adults as controls, from 2017 to 2018, were enrolled in the study. Among the patients with diarrhea, 39 were norovirus-positive and 18 were rotavirus-positive. The analysis of species richness (Chao1) was lower in patients with diarrhea than that in controls. Beta-diversity analysis revealed significant differences between the two groups. Several diarrhea-related pathogens (e.g., Escherichia-Shigella, Klebsiella and Campylobacter) were detected in patients with diarrhea. Furthermore, co-infection with these pathogens and enteroviruses (e.g., norovirus and rotavirus) was observed in several cases. Levels of both Erysipelotrichaceae and Staphylococcaceae family markedly differed between norovirus-positive and -negative diarrheic stools, and the 10 predicted metabolic pathways, including the carbohydrate metabolism pathway, showed significant differences between rotavirus-positive patients with diarrhea and controls. This comparative study of diarrheal pathogens in Ghana revealed specific trends in the gut microbiota signature associated with diarrhea and that pathogen-dependent dysbiosis occurred in viral gastroenteritis.
A split protease-E. coli ClpXP system quantifies protein–protein interactions in Escherichia coli cells
Authors: Wang Shengchen , Zhang Faying , Mei Meng , Wang Ting , Yun Yueli , Yang Shihui , Zhang Guimin , Yi Li 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCharacterizing protein–protein interactions (PPIs) is an effective method to help explore protein function. Here, through integrating a newly identified split human Rhinovirus 3 C (HRV 3 C) protease, super-folder GFP (sfGFP), and ClpXP-SsrA protein degradation machinery, we developed a fluorescence-assisted single-cell methodology (split protease-E. coli ClpXP (SPEC)) to explore protein–protein interactions for both eukaryotic and prokaryotic species in E. coli cells. We firstly identified a highly efficient split HRV 3 C protease with high re-assembly ability and then incorporated it into the SPEC method. The SPEC method could convert the cellular protein-protein interaction to quantitative fluorescence signals through a split HRV 3 C protease-mediated proteolytic reaction with high efficiency and broad temperature adaptability. Using SPEC method, we explored the interactions among effectors of representative type I-E and I-F CRISPR/Cas complexes, which combining with subsequent studies of Cas3 mutations conferred further understanding of the functions and structures of CRISPR/Cas complexes.
The SOPHIE search for northern extrasolar planets
Authors: Demangeon O. D. S. , Dalal S. , Hébrard G. , Nsamba B. , Kiefer F. , Camacho J. D. , Sahlmann J. , Arnold L. , Astudillo-Defru N. , Bonfils X. , Boisse I. , Bouchy F. , Bourrier V. , Campante T. , Delfosse X. , Deleuil M. , Díaz R. F. , Faria J. , Forveille T. , Hara N. , Heidari N. , Hobson M. J. , Lopez T. , Moutou C. , Rey J. , Santerne A. , Sousa S. , Santos N. C. , Strøm P. A. , Tsantaki M. , Udry S. 
Published: July 2021

Context.Due to their low transit probability, the long-period planets are, as a population, only partially probed by transit surveys. Radial velocity surveys thus have a key role to play, in particular for giant planets. Cold Jupiters induce a typical radial velocity semi-amplitude of 10 m s−1, which is well within the reach of multiple instruments that have now been in operation for more than a decade.Aims.We take advantage of the ongoing radial velocity survey with the SOPHIEhigh-resolution spectrograph, which continues the search started by its predecessor ELODIEto further characterize the cold Jupiter population.Methods.Analyzing the radial velocity data from six bright solar-like stars taken over a period of up to 15 yr, we attempt the detection and confirmation of Keplerian signals.Results.We announce the discovery of six planets, one per system, with minimum masses in the range 4.8–8.3Mjupand orbital periods between 200 days and 10 yr. The data do not provide enough evidence to support the presence of additional planets in any of these systems. The analysis of stellar activity indicators confirms the planetary nature of the detected signals.Conclusions.These six planets belong to the cold and massive Jupiter population, and four of them populate its eccentric tail. In this respect, HD 80869 b stands out as having one of the most eccentric orbits, with an eccentricity of 0.862−0.018+0.028. These planets can thus help to better constrain the migration and evolution processes at play in the gas giant population. Furthermore, recent works presenting the correlation between small planets and cold Jupiters indicate that these systems are good candidates to search for small inner planets.
Polarised emission from aligned dust grains in nearby galaxies: Predictions from the Auriga simulations
Authors: Vandenbroucke B. , Baes M. , Camps P. , Kapoor A. U. , Barrientos D. , Bernard J.-P. 
Published: July 2021

Context. Polarised emission from non-spherical dust grains contains information about the alignment of these dust grains and traces the structure of the interstellar magnetic field.
Methods. We post-processed a set of Milky-Way-like galaxies from the Auriga project, assuming a dust mix consisting of spheroidal dust grains that are partially aligned with the model magnetic field. We constrained our dust model using Planck 353 GHz observations of the Milky Way. This model was then extrapolated to shorter wavelengths that cover the peak of interstellar dust emission and to observations of arbitrarily oriented nearby Milky-Way-like galaxies.
Results. Assuming an intrinsic linear polarisation fraction that does not vary significantly with wavelength for wavelengths longer than 50 micron, we predict a linear polarisation fraction with a maximum of 10 − 15% and a median value of ≈7% for face-on galaxies and ≈3% for edge-on galaxies. The polarisation fraction anti-correlates with the line of sight density and with the angular dispersion function which expresses the large-scale order of the magnetic field perpendicular to the line of sight. The maximum linear polarisation fraction agrees well with the intrinsic properties of the dust model. The true magnetic field orientation can be traced along low density lines of sight when it is coherent along the line of sight. These results also hold for nearby galaxies, where a coherent magnetic field structure is recovered over a range of different broad bands.
Conclusions. Polarised emission from non-spherical dust grains accurately traces the large-scale structure of the galactic magnetic field in Milky-Way-like galaxies, with expected maximum linear polarisation fractions of 10 − 15%. To resolve this maximum, a spatial resolution of at least 1 kpc is required.
Stationäre psychiatrische Versorgung in der Corona-Krise durch Psychologen und Psychiater im Homeoffice und in der Klinik
Authors: Schaub Annette , Michel Clara , Beck Paula , Falkai Peter 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungSeit Auftreten der neuen Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemie im März 2020 erkrankten viele Menschen in Deutschland. Dies bedeutete eine Herausforderung für die Versorgung psychisch kranker stationärer Personen. Es kam zu einem sozialen Shut-down in Bayern mit Abnahme der sozialen Kontakte. Die vorliegende Studie beschäftigt sich mit der Umsetzung der stationären psychiatrischen Versorgung durch Psychologen und Psychiater im homeoffice und in der Klinik. Psychologen der Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie der LMU München etablierten in der akuten Krise im homeoffice während der Quarantäne zusammen mit den in der Klinik tätigen Ärzten eine telefonische Patientenversorgung für stationäre Patienten, an der 23 Patienten mit depressiven und schizophrenen Störungen teilnahmen. Die Psychologen arbeiteten danach im stationären Setting mit 98 Teilnehmern. Die derzeitige Notlage und ihre Belastungen werden thematisiert und neue therapeutische Komponenten in die Versorgung integriert. Die Umsetzbarkeit von homeoffice, deren Möglichkeiten und Grenzen werden vorgestellt. Konzepte der stationären Patientenversorgung für Betroffene mit affektiven und schizophrenen Störungen sowie aktuelle Belastungsfaktoren und psychotherapeutische Konzepte werden thematisiert. Der aktuelle Ansatz wird von den Betroffenen und Ärzten positiv bewertet und bietet gute Möglichkeiten in der derzeitigen Situation. Mit Ausnahme der Patienten von der Akutstation konnten alle Patienten und selbst ältere von dieser Maßnahme profitieren. Während der Krise von März bis August arbeiteten alle Psychologen auf Ganztagsstellen mit der üblichen Behandlungsfrequenz von 1–2 Sitzungen die Woche, was insbesondere für ältere Personen von Bedeutung war. Während der akuten COVID-19 Krise pausierten lediglich stationsübergreifende Gruppen und Angehörigengruppen. Die Psychologen hatten wie die Ärzte und das Pflegepersonal eine systemrelevante Aufgabe.
Fallbericht: Kammerflimmern beim Jogging am Rheinufer: erfolgreiche Laienreanimation und Nachbesprechung (Outcome) nach 7 Monaten
Authors: Switalski Jörg , Lechleuthner Alex 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungDer vorliegende Fallbericht einer erfolgreichen Reanimation beruht auf der Durchführung
von suffizienten Maßnahmen der Wiederbelebung durch den Ehemann, als seine Frau beim
gemeinsamen Joggen einen Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstand aufgrund von Kammerflimmern erleidet. Es
erfolgt eine Nachbesprechung mit dem Ehepaar nach 7 Monaten.
New Phenolic Glycosides and Lignans from the Roots of Lilium dauricum
Authors: Xia Xiao , Zhang Jiao , Wang Xiao-Jiang , Lu Yan , Chen Dao-Feng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThree new phenolic glycosides, carvacrol-2-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1 → 6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), 1-methyl-3-isopropylphenol-4-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1 → 6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), p-methoxythymol-5-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1 → 6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), and a pair of new 8-O-4′ neolignan enantiomers (5a/5b), together with 26 known compounds (4, 6 – 30) were isolated from the roots of Lilium dauricum. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic and chemical methods, and the absolute configurations of 5a and 5b were established by electronic circular dichroism analysis. Nine compounds (1, 3, 4, 8, 9, 17, 25, 29, and 30) exhibited potent α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC50 values ranging from 73.4 µM to 988.2 µM. Besides, compound 19 displayed
strong anticomplementary activity (CH50: 71.6 µM).
When Benign Becomes Cancer: Malignant Degeneration of Chronic Inflammation
Authors: Conlon Christopher , Pupa Lauren , Reece Edward M. , Chu Carrie K. , Yu Jessie Z. , Vorstenbosch Joshua , Winocour Sebastian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractChronic inflammation, long implicated in the genesis of malignancy, is now understood to underlie an estimated 25% of all cancers. The most pertinent malignancies, to the plastic surgeon, associated with the degeneration of chronic inflammation include Marjolin's ulcer, breast implant-associated large cell lymphoma, radiation-induced sarcoma, and Kaposi's sarcoma. The cellular and genetic damage incurred by a prolonged inflammatory reaction is controlled by an increasingly understood cytokinetic system. Advances in understanding the chronic inflammatory cascade have yielded new therapeutics and therapeutic targets.
Preparedness for Pediatric COVID-19 Using Systems Approach: Experience of a Health Care Facility from India
Authors: Shenoy Rathika D. , Nayak Praveen , Jacob Ankeeta Menona , Rao Swathi Sunil , Hiremath Shivakumar 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA pandemic leads to disruption and stretching of an existing health care system and its resources. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) data show distinct and severe manifestations in children necessitating critical care. Children need prioritization as they are susceptible to COVID-19 as part of the family cluster, varied presentations, and mortality. The purpose of this report is to discuss the optimization of the health care system for pediatric care. The key initiatives were to identify our objectives, bring out changes to the organizational processes, and integrate the same into the existing system. A systems approach to health care delivery by optimizing infrastructure, human resources, materials, funding, leadership, and governance was undertaken. This resulted in creation of distinct COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 service areas, management protocols, and trained health care workers. Partnership was forged with the public health system. This preparedness and continued responses to the demands of the health care system helped us manage children ranging from neonates to adolescents efficiently. Though the health care system is mostly open, acting upon the modifiable factors gave better preparedness in a short time.
Improving the short-term frequency stability of a magnetic-state-selected cesium beam clock with optical detection
Authors: Liu Chang , Chen Sifei , Chen Ziyu , Li Lingxiang , Xu Shaohang , Li Yining , Wang Jiale , Wang Yanhui , Hou Shimin , Zhang Jun , Dong Richang , Jiang Xiaobo 
Published: July 2021

The microwave spectrum line shape and the signal-to-noise ratio of a compact optically detected magnetic-state-selection cesium beam clock are analyzed in this paper. As the noise analysis shows, the performance is related to the atomic utilization ratio and locking parameters when the laser frequency noise is the dominant noise source. Methods are adopted for realizing better short-term frequency stability of the clock, including using a highly efficient state-selection cesium beam tube, optimizing the locking parameters, and stabilizing the microwave power to maximize the error signal. After optimization, the signal-to-noise ratio of the clock reaches 7.0 × 103 in a bandwidth of 1 Hz and the clock demonstrates a short-term stability of 4.1 × 10−12 τ−1/2. The five-day Allan standard deviation reaches 7.7 × 10−15.
Prednisolone rescues Duchenne muscular dystrophy phenotypes in human pluripotent stem cell–derived skeletal muscle in vitro
Authors: Al Tanoury Ziad , Zimmerman John F. , Rao Jyoti , Sieiro Daniel , McNamara Harold M. , Cherrier Thomas , Rodríguez-delaRosa Alejandra , Hick-Colin Aurore , Bousson Fanny , Fugier-Schmucker Charlotte , Marchiano Fabio , Habermann Bianca , Chal Jérome , Nesmith Alexander P. , Gapon Svetlana , Wagner Erica , Gupta Vandana A. , Bassel-Duby Rhonda , Olson Eric N. , Cohen Adam E. , Parker Kevin Kit , Pourquié Olivier 
Published: July 2021

Significance
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a devastating disease caused by mutation in the X-linked dystrophin gene, resulting in skeletal muscle loss and patient premature death. Here, we present an improved protocol for the differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells to the skeletal muscle lineage. Using this protocol for the differentiation of human isogenic-induced pluripotent stem cells lacking the DMD gene, we can reproduce several features of the pathology including mislocalization of proteins of the dystrophin-associated complex, increased fiber branching, contraction defects, and calcium signaling hyperactivity. Several of these defects can be rescued in part in vitro by treating cells with prednisolone, the standard of care for DMD patients, supporting direct action of this drug on the diseased fibers.
Observing the subglacial hydrology network and its dynamics with a dense seismic array
Authors: Nanni Ugo , Gimbert Florent , Roux Philippe , Lecointre Albanne 
Published: July 2021

Significance
Our understanding of when, where, and under which conditions subglacial water flow favors or impedes glacier flow remains uncertain mainly because of sparse field observations. This strongly limits our capability to assess the susceptibility of glaciers and ice sheets to a future increase in meltwater input due to climate warming. Here, we overcome classic observational difficulties by establishing an innovative seismic-based approach. From dense seismic array observations, we retrieve with unprecedented detail the two-dimensional map of a subglacial hydrology network. We observe its day-to-day evolution from a cavity-like system that favors glacier flow to a channel-like system that impedes glacier flow. Our method is easily adaptable and readily applicable to other settings than alpine glaciers such as Greenland or Antarctica.
Sufu negatively regulates both initiations of centrosome duplication and DNA replication
Authors: Zhuang Tenghan , Zhang Boyan , Song Yihong , Huang Fan , Chi Wangfei , Xin Guangwei , Zhang Ziyu , Cheng Steven Y. , Jiang Qing , Zhang Chuanmao 
Published: July 2021

SignificanceThe initiations of both DNA replication and centrosome duplication are strictly coordinated during the cell cycle, and failure to do so will damage the cell or induce centrosome amplification and genome instability. Here, we report that Sufu inhibits centrosome duplication via facilitating CP110 phosphorylation and suppresses DNA replication via promoting intranuclear Cdt1 degradation and expelling prereplication complex (pre-RC) components from chromosomes. Elimination of inhibitory Sufu from the centrosome counts on vesicle release at the ciliary tip, and, from the nucleus, it relies on protein degradation. This work reveals a mechanism through which Sufu, which acts as a “master switch,” negatively regulates both initiations of DNA replication and centrosome duplication, and it may shed light on the preparation step control of cell proliferation.