bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Belastbarkeit nach abdominellen Eingriffen – Ergebnisse einer Patientenbefragung
Authors: Schaaf Sebastian , Weber Carsten , Güsgen Christoph , Schwab Robert , Willms Arnulf 
Published: February 2021

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Narbenhernien (NH) sind häufige Komplikationen nach abdominalchirurgischen Eingriffen und beeinflussen die postoperative Phase der Schonung, indem eine frühe Belastung mit
traditionell einem erhöhten NH-Risiko in Verbindung gebracht wird. Evidenz hierzu fehlt jedoch. Einen Zusammenhang zwischen der postoperativen körperlichen Aktivität nach abdominellen
Operationen und der Entwicklung von NH untersucht diese Studie.
Material und Methoden Patienten, die 2009 – 2016 eine Laparoskopie (LS) oder Laparotomie (LT) aufgrund einer viszeralchirurgischen Indikation erhielten, wurden mittels eines
Fragebogens zur Belastung, zu Beschwerden und zum Auftreten von NH sowie zur Lebensqualität postoperativ befragt. Komplizierte Verläufe (Clavien-Dindo > III), Laparostomaanlagen und
Eingriffe im Zusammenhang mit Hernienrekonstruktionen wurden ausgeschlossen.
Ergebnisse 393 Patienten beantworteten den Fragebogen (43,6%) vollständig, dabei waren 274 LS und 128 LT. Die NH-Inzidenz betrug 5,2% (LS) und 18,0% (LT, p = 0,001). NH-Patienten
waren jünger und häufiger Männer. Patienten mit NH erreichten in 30,5% postoperativ keine Vollbelastung. Die Verwendung einer Abdominalbandage hatte keinen Einfluss auf die NH-Rate. Die
Lebensqualität war für die NH-Gruppe eingeschränkt, sowohl auf psychischer als auch physischer Ebene.
Schlussfolgerung Die frühe schmerzadaptierte Belastung nach abdominalchirurgischen Eingriffen stellt in dieser Studie keinen Risikofaktor für die Entwicklung von Narbenhernien dar.
Die prospektive Evaluation liberaler postoperativer Aufbelastungsregime ist notwendig.
Glycosylation by Alkyne Activation of the 2-O-Substituted Propargyl Group in a β-Phenylthioglucoside with a 5
S
1 Conformation
Authors: Ikeuchi Kazutada , Matsumoto Shintaro , Ikuta Daiki , Yamada Hidetoshi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractGenerally, glycosylation reactions activate an anomeric substituent in a glycosyl donor to generate an oxocarbenium ion intermediate. Here we report a novel glycosylation reaction triggered by the activation of a 2-O-substituted propargyl group in a 3,6-O-1,1′-[(ethane-1,2-diyl)bibenzene-2,2′-bis(methylene)]-β-thioglucoside. This reaction proceeds through a cationic Au(I)-mediated intramolecular migration of the anomeric substituent onto the alkyne moiety of the propargyl group, followed by α-attack by the hydroxy group in the glycosyl acceptor on the oxocarbenium ion. The migration of the anomeric group occurs selectively through a 6-exo-dig pathway. The 2-(phenylsulfanyl)prop-2-en-1-yl group produced during the glycosylation is removable under conditions similar to those used for removing an allyl group. This reaction will be developed for further applications in orthogonal oligosaccharide synthesis.
Step Back in Order to Go Forward: Willful Enlargement and Sandwich Closure Technique for Spinal Dura Repair after Several Unsuccessful Closure Attempts
Authors: Sitz Maximilian , Rot Sergej , Gutowski Pawel , Kreißl Lutz , Lemcke Johannes 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA CSF leak is a common complication in spine surgery which is usually closed effectivly by suture and/or epidural patches. There is currently no algorithm to treat a recurrent CSF leak that fails to be closed initially. We describe the case of a recurrent cerebrospinal fluid leak that we have successfully treated using an inlay-onlay dural repair technique.
Biomechanics of the Distal Radioulnar Joint During In Vivo Forearm Pronosupination
Authors: Akhbari Bardiya , Shah Kalpit N. , Morton Amy M. , Moore Douglas C. , Weiss Arnold-Peter C. , Wolfe Scott W. , Crisco Joseph J. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background Ulnar variance (UV) and center of rotation (COR) location at the level of the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) change with forearm rotation. Nevertheless, these parameters have not been assessed dynamically during active in vivo pronosupination. This assessment could help us to improve our diagnosis and treatment strategies.
Questions/purposes We sought to (1) mathematically model the UV change, and (2) determine the dynamic COR's location during active pronosupination.
Methods We used biplanar videoradiography to study DRUJ during in vivo pronation and supination in nine healthy subjects. UV was defined as the proximal-distal distance of ulnar fovea with respect to the radial sigmoid notch, and COR was calculated using helical axis of motion parameters. The continuous change of UV was evaluated using a generalized linear regression model.
Results A second-degree polynomial with R
2 of 0.85 was able to model the UV changes. Maximum negative UV occurred at 38.0 degrees supination and maximum positive UV occurred at maximum pronation. At maximum pronation, the COR was located 0.5 ± 1.8 mm ulnarly and 0.6 ± 0.8 mm volarly from the center of the ulnar fovea, while at maximum supination, the COR was located 0.2 ± 0.6 mm radially and 2.0 ± 0.5 mm volarly.
Conclusion Changes in UV and volar translation of the COR are nonlinear at the DRUJ during pronosupination.
Clinical Relevance Understanding the dynamic nature of UV as a function of pronosupination can help guide accurate evaluation and treatment of wrist pathology where the UV is an important consideration. The dynamic behavior of COR might be useful in designing DRUJ replacement implants to match the anatomical motion.
Micturition Disturbance: A Predominant Feature of Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis
Authors: Kini Sandesh , Bhat Ramesh Y. , Karegowda Lakshmikanth Halegubbi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractUrinary retention in children can have varied etiology ranging from anatomic to functional causes. Functional causes include neuropathies, including rare central nervous system (CNS) involvement, such as acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM). ADEM is usually preceded by acute viral infection and commonly presents with multifocal neurological deficits. The ADEM diagnosis is mainly based on the clinical presentation and its correlation with characteristic CNS findings on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Here, we report an adolescent boy who presented with acute urinary retention preceded by an acute febrile illness. The patient was worked up thoroughly, including an MRI of the brain and spine, which revealed ADEM's characteristic features. The bladder function was evaluated periodically. The voiding dysfunction persisted for a long time. Treatment with steroids and other supportive therapy ultimately lead to a complete recovery over 6 months.
The Weekday Effect on Morbidity of Lung Cancer Surgery: A Real-World Analysis
Authors: Bertolaccini Luca , Prisciandaro Elena , Sedda Giulia , Lo Iacono Giorgio , Filippi Niccolò , Spaggiari Lorenzo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background Many authors have investigated the possible adverse effects among patients who underwent elective surgery on Friday when compared with patients operated earlier in the week. Nonetheless, the weekday effect is still a matter of debate. This study aimed at investigating the postoperative morbidity rates after lung cancer surgery and their relationship with the weekday the surgery took place.
Materials and Methods We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of patients who underwent elective thoracotomic lobectomies for lung cancer. Categorical data were analyzed using the chi-square test or Fisher's exact test. Association between predictors and binary outcomes while considering the weekday stratification was determined with Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel statistics. To characterize the typical Friday patient, a multiple logistic regression analysis was performed.
Results A total of 817 patients (2015–2019) were identified. Complication rates divided by day of surgery were 164 (20.07%) for patients operated on Mondays, 182 (22.27%) on Tuesdays, 205 (25.09%) on Wednesdays, 172 (21.05%) on Thursdays, and 94 (11.51%) on Fridays. Crude morbidity rates by weekday were Monday 21.53%, Tuesday 20.51%, Wednesday 27.70%, Thursday 20.0%, and Friday 10.26%. No overall association between day of surgery and overall morbidity was found (ρ = 0.095). Median hospital length of stay was 5 days (range: 2–45 days), and there were no statistically significant differences between days. The Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel statistics showed no association between morbidity and the weekday.
Conclusion In patients undergoing elective lobectomies for lung cancer, the weekday of surgery was not statistically significantly associated with an increase in the risk of postoperative morbidity.
Formation and crystallization of low-density amorphous ice
Authors: Cao H S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Low-density amorphous ice (LDA) is of paramount importance not only for fields such as astronomy, meteorology and biology from a scientific point of view, but also for technological applications like cryo-scanning electron microscopy and electron-beam lithography utilizing ice resists. Recent advances in LDA have been reviewed, focusing on its formation and crystallization processes. The specific aspects of this review include: (a) the LDA formation methods and the corresponding required conditions, (b) the measurement principles of the density, thermal conductivity and the growth rate of LDA, (c) the monitoring of the phase transformation, (d) the transformation kinetics of LDA to crystalline ice. Finally, open questions as well as future challenges relating to LDA are discussed.
Direct observation of site-specific dopant substitution in Si doped (Al
x
Ga1−
x
)2O3 via atom probe tomography
Authors: Sarker Jith , Bhuiyan A F M Anhar Uddin , Feng Zixuan , Zhao Hongping , Mazumder Baishakhi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this work, the interaction of n-type dopants in Si doped (Al
x
Ga1−x
)2O3 films with varying Al content over the entire composition range (x = 0%–100%) was analyzed using atom probe tomography. An almost uniform dopant distribution with dopant density in the range of 1018 cm−3 was obtained in (Al
x
Ga1−x
)2O3 layers with Al contents, x < 0.60. At x

⩾
0.6

, small Si segregated zones were observed which was attributed to the increased donor-acceptor transition centers or bond length differences in Al–O, Ga–O and Si–O at high Al content. We have demonstrated that for the single phase β-(Al
x
Ga1−x
)2O3 films with Al content of x < 0.30, dopants prefer to occupy on Ga sites while Al site is preferred for high Al content (x > 0.50) (Al
x
Ga1−x
)2O3 layers. It was also observed for Al content, x = 0.30–0.50, no specific cationic site occupancy was observed, Si occupies either Al or Ga sites. This can be attributed to highly inhomogeneous layers within this Al composition range due to which dopant Si atoms are either in the Al-rich or Al-depleted regions.
Experimental and analytical investigations on a wide-angle, polarization-insensitive, and broadband water-based metamaterial absorber
Authors: Rajabalipanah Hamid , Abdolali Ali , Mohammadi Mansoureh 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this work, a wide-angle, polarization-independent, and broadband superstrate-assisted water-based metamaterial absorber (SWMA) covering the whole X-band is theoretically and experimentally demonstrated. Our SWMA design is a copper-backed structure comprising a thin substrate of distilled water, an FR-4 lossy layer, and a magneto-electric anisotropic metamaterial to boost achieving broadband and wide-angle features. The absorptivity of the proposed SWMA has been elaborately assessed in a full analytical framework involving oblique illuminations and both transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) polarizations. Numerical results demonstrate that exploiting magneto-electric anisotropy, the impedance matching between air and SWMA has been remarkably improved for both major polarizations, especially at near grazing angles. Owing to the end-to-end analytical design, the designed SWMA does not suffer from the drawbacks associated with the traditional designs including intricate particle geometries and brute-force optimizations. As a proof of concept, the proposed SWMA is fabricated and its absorptivity is measured in an anechoic microwave chamber between 8 and 12 GHz. The experimental results depict good conformity with the numerical simulations and the theoretical predictions, elucidating that our design retains its strong absorptivity over the whole X-band and for a wide angular range up to near grazing angles for both TE- and TM-polarizations.
Carbon-nanotube-entangled Co,N-codoped carbon nanocomposite for oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Liu Haohui , Wang Siyu , Long Ling , Jia Jianbo , Liu Minchao 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The design of highly efficient and stable electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is still a great challenge. Herein, we prepared Co,N-codoped carbon nanocomposites (Co@NC-ZM) with entangled carbon nanotubes. The large Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area (604.7 m2 g−1), rich mesoporous feature, Co,N doping and synergetic effect between various species of Co@NC-ZM can expose more active sites and facilitate conductivity and mass transport. Benefiting from the above unique advantages, Co@NC-ZM exhibits excellent ORR performance with more positive onset potential (0.96 V) and half-wave potential (0.83 V) than those of commercial Pt/C (0.96 and 0.81 V, correspondingly). This work provides a new strategy for further exploring efficient non-precious-metal-based catalysts for ORR.
DNA-templated silver nanoclusters as an efficient catalyst for reduction of nitrobenzene derivatives: a systematic study
Authors: Ji Zhirun , Ji Yuan , Ding Rui , Lin Lei , Li Bingzhi , Zhang Xing 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Nitrobenzene compounds are highly toxic pollutants with good stability, and they have a major negative impact on both human health and the ecological environment. Herein, it was found for the first time that fluorescent DNA-silver nanoclusters (DNA-AgNCs) can catalyze the reduction of toxic and harmful nitro compounds into less toxic amino compounds with excellent tolerance to high temperature and organic solvents. In this study, the reduction of p-nitrophenol (4-NP) as a model was systematically investigated, followed by expending the substrate to disclose the versatility of this reaction. This report not only expanded the conditions for utilizing catalytic reduction conditions of DNA-AgNCs as an efficient catalyst in the control of hazardous chemicals but also widened the substrate range of DNA-AgNCs reduction, providing a new angle for the application of noble metal nanoclusters.
Investigation of novel optical and waveguide characteristics for an air–graphene–LiNbO3 system
Authors: Liu Kaijing , Lu Fei , Xu Yuhang , Ma Changdong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The optical characteristics of a planar thin film waveguide system composed of air–graphene–LiNbO3 have been investigated. Monolayer or bilayer graphene of high quality are characterized by Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The refractivity and reflectivity of the air–graphene–LiNbO3 system are measured experimentally and compared with those of a LiNbO3 waveguide by the prism coupling method. The reflectivity shows an overall decrease due to the lower transmittance for graphene on the LiNbO3 substrate. The refractivity increases significantly at the wavelength of 1540 nm, which may be attributed to the generation of graphene surface plasmons excited by infrared radiation. A shaped air–graphene–LiNbO3 waveguide is designed and simulated by Mode Solutions. The distribution of an optical field is performed and analyzed. The preparation of the proposed air–graphene–LiNbO3 structure incorporates the commonly used chemical vapor deposition and thin film transfer techniques, and is compatible with existing optoelectronic integration processes, which can be employed for building various optical integrated devices.
Porous carbon/graphite nanosheet/ferromagnetic nanoparticle composite absorbents with adjustable electromagnetic properties
Authors: Zhang Chongyang , Liu Zhi , Xu Pan , Zhang Ying , Yue Xigui 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
With the rapid development of electronic devices and wireless communication tools, it is urgent to design and fabricate low-cost, lightweight and effective electromagnetic absorption materials to solve interference of electromagnetic waves. Herein, a new strategy toward porous carbon/graphite nanosheet/ferromagnetic nanoparticle (PC/GNS/Fe) composites was designed to investigate the influence of crystalline carbon on electromagnetic wave absorption. To begin with, graphite nanosheets (GNSs) were incorporated into the porous polyimide by in situ polymerization, and Fe were added as a magnetic particle source and an agent to regulate the pore size. A series of PC/GNS/Fe composite absorbents were obtained. The direct carbonization of porous polymer precursors was beneficial to the design of the pore structure of materials. A hierarchically porous structure derived from the phase separation process was well maintained in the polyimide pyrolysis process. The results demonstrated that the presence of crystalline carbon could influence the reflection loss value and the frequency range. Hence, the absorbing performance can be optimized by adjusting the pore structure and the content of crystalline carbon in materials, which is conducive to obtaining electromagnetic wave absorption materials with excellent comprehensive performance.
Simulation studies of the interaction of laser radiation with additively manufactured foams
Authors: Milovich J L , Jones O S , Berger R L , Kemp G E , Oakdale J S , Biener J , Belyaev M A , Mariscal D A , Langer S , Sterne P A , Sepke S , Stadermann M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The interaction of laser radiation with foams of various porosities and low densities has been the subject of several numerical and experimental studies (Nicolaï et al 2012 Phys. Plasmas
19 113105; Perez et al 2014 Phys. Plasmas
21 023102). In all cases, the modeling of low-Z under-dense foams as uniform gases of equivalent average density using standard radiation-hydrodynamics codes has resulted in heat-front velocities that are considerably faster than those observed experimentally. It has been theoretically conjectured that this difference may be attributed to the breakdown of the foam’s morphology, leading to a dynamics of filament expansion where the ion and electron energy partitions are significantly different from those calculated using the uniform gas model. We found that 3D computer simulations employing a disconnected representation of the foam’s microstructure which allowed for the dynamics of foam element heating, expansion, and stagnation largely supported the theoretical picture. Simulations using this model for laser experiments on under-dense 2 mg cc−1 SiO2 aerogel foams (Mariscal et al 2021 Phys. Plasmas
28 013106) reproduced the experimental data fairly well. We used the validated model in simulations of low-density structured foam-like materials (produced via additive manufacturing) with a variety of morphologies. We found that the log-pile configurations were consistent with the analytical propagation model of Gus’kov et al (2011 Phys. Plasmas
18 103114). Further validation of the model was obtained by simulating experiments performed at the Jupiter Laser Facility using the log-pile and octet-truss foam morphologies. Simulations of the foam–laser interaction using a wave propagation code showed that the microstructure was able to enhance stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) by concentrating the light energy into density holes. In turn, this promotes laser filamentation, reducing SBS and bringing the predicted values closer to the experimental data.
Polarization-dependent fast-electron emission in high-temporal-contrast femtosecond laser plasmas
Authors: Ke Lintong , Luan Shixia , Xia Changquan , Yu M Y , Feng Ke , Wang Jingwei , Xu Yi , Leng Yuxin , Wang Wentao , Li Ruxin , Xu Zhizhan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The generation and transport of fast electrons play an important role in intense laser interaction with dense plasma. Here, we experimentally study fast electron generation using a planar aluminum target obliquely irradiated at a large incident angle by an ultrashort high-temporal-contrast relativistic laser pulse. Simulations show that for near-relativistic laser intensities, s-polarized lasers above a certain energy threshold can generate energetic electrons (

E
e

>
500

keV

) with a high yield, which is different from the case of low laser contrast. It is also shown that the most energetic electrons are emitted along the target’s surface and accelerated to high energies. The key features of the acceleration regimes of lasers with different polarizations are also given.
Laplace DLTS studies of the 0.25 eV electron trap properties in n-GaN
Authors: Kruszewski P , Kaminski P , Kozlowski R , Zelazko J , Czernecki R , Leszczynski M , Turos A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The thermal emission rate of electrons from a 0.25 eV trap, widely observed in epitaxial GaN by conventional deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS), is investigated by the Laplace DLTS (LDLTS) technique. It is demonstrated that the capacitance relaxation waveforms, from which the properties of this trap have been determined until now by the correlation procedure, contain two exponential components induced by the thermal emission of electrons from two traps with the activation energies of 173 meV and 232 meV. In lightly silicon-doped and carbon-doped epitaxial GaN grown on sapphire substrates, the concentrations of these traps were found to be (5.5–7.2) × 1013 and (1.5–3.2) × 1013 cm−3, respectively. Based on formerly reported experimental results and recently published results of theoretical calculations performed with the implementation of the density functional theory with hybrid functionals, the point defects being a potential source of these traps is proposed. It is shown, that a high resolution of LDLTS gives a new insight into the properties of energy levels related to point defects in epitaxial GaN.
Synaptic behaviour of TiO
x
/HfO2 RRAM enhanced by inserting ultrathin Al2O3 layer for neuromorphic computing
Authors: Panda D , Chu C-A , Pradhan A , Chandrasekharan S , Pattanayak B , Sze S M , Tseng T-Y 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The synaptic linearity of resistive random-access memory (RRAM) based on TiO
x
/HfO2 improved by inserting an ultrathin Al2O3 layer is investigated. A gradual bipolar switching with a positive set and a negative reset is observed for devices with an Al2O3 layer after an electroforming process. The devices with a 1 nm Al2O3 layer exhibit acceptable reliability with >400 cycles DC endurance with no decrement of the on/off ratio after 104 sec. A remarkable enhancement in the synaptic linearity of potentiation 2.15 and depression 1.52 is achieved in this device. The conduction mechanisms at different current regions of the optimized device are studied. The presence of the Al2O3 layer is confirmed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and transmission electron microscopy analyses. About 42% of the oxygen vacancy concentration calculated from the XPS spectra is responsible for the synaptic properties. This synaptic RRAM structure is suitable for upcoming neuromorphic computing devices.