bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Variation MWCNTs in Synthesis Zirconia Prepared by Uniaxial Pressed Technique
Authors: Ahmed Hadeer Sh , Majeed Sadeer M. , Ahmed Duha S 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe effect of addition different weight percentage (wt. %) of treated MWCNTs on zirconia matrix as a composite structure using method uniaxial pressed for fabrication and enhancement mechanical, microstructural properties of zirconia have been investigated in the present study. The composite material have prepared by adding yttrium oxide (3% mol. Y2O3) to zirconia for stabilized in the tetragonal phase with homogeneous distribute and reinforcement changed weight percentage of (2%, 5%, 7%, and 10%) wt. of F-MWCNTs to result (3% mol.Y2O3-ZrO2/F-MWCNTs) nanocomposite samples by pressing uniaxiall at pressure of (624) MPs in the metal-die cylinder to results pellets of (10 mm diameter). The resulting pellets were sintered in air at (1550 °C) temperatures for two hours. The samples were characterized by XRD analysis to demonstrate the phase composition of samples, where The retention was observed on the tetragonal phase in zirconia and the microstructure of the materials have been studied using SEM it is observed that F-MWCNTs were homogeneously distributed in the composite powders without the formation of ropes and bundles up to the highest contents of F-MWCNTs, and EDS showed the percentages for presence of carbon in samples, The micro hardness was studied by Vickers indentation method and Brazilian test that shows improved due to a homogeneous distribution of MWCNT in ZrO2and the densities (Green, Bulk, and theoretical), porosity and liner shrinkage to demonstrate the toughness that reveal many pores and low densification with increasing F-MWCNTs contents, physical and mechanical properties of samples depend on distribution of F-MWCNTs in the matrix.
Interference between Total Solar Radiation and Cloud Cover over Baghdad City
Authors: Al-Taai OsamaT. , Hashim Shiemaa A. , Nassif Wedyan G. , Abbood Zainab M. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Clouds greatly affect the elements of climate, energy balance, and solar radiation, which has increased the interest of many researchers in trying to find the best relationships and formulas that link these variables. In this work, the data of the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) was relied on. The research aims to find the overlap between Cloud Cover (Low, Middle, High, and Total), (LCC, MCC, HCC, and TCC) respectively, with Total Solar Radiation (TSR) of Baghdad city, for the period (1981-2013), the work was carried out with the monthly and annual data of the (Low, Middle, High, and Total) cloud cover and the total solar radiation falling on a horizontal surface. And by using the correlation coefficient Spearman rho test (rs) to find the strength of the relationship between total solar radiation and cloud cover, it was found that there is an inverse relationship between the total solar radiation falling on a horizontal surface and the (Low, Middle, High, and Total) cloud cover.
Wide Range Responsivity Photodetector of Zr-Au-Ag Oxide NPs Prepared By Pulsed Laser Ablation
Authors: Hassan Haider J. , Abbas Ahmed k. , Ibrahim Isam M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMetal-ceramic composite particles are of increasing interest due to their potential applications in photodetectors as well as next-generation catalysts. The zirconium-gold system has received little attention due to the lack of controllable preparation methods. Well-known methods for the deposition of gold Nano shells on zirconium spheres, however, should be adaptable for similar zirconium-based materials. Here, we present a method to synthetic approach to the well-controlled deposition of gold on the surface by laser ablation. The results shed light on the parameters governing the preparation of zirconium _ gold composite particles and our synthetic approach provides a promising tool for future developments in complex nanomaterials design. As well as studying the structural and optical properties of gold, silver and zirconium nanoparticles by preparing those particles in the above method and studying the properties of the resulting materials as a photodetector. The surface morphology, structure, and composition of the layer were studied using a variety of spectroscopic diffraction and real-space imaging techniques, including SEM, EDX and AFM.
Art Image Compression Based on Lossless LZW Hashing Ciphering Algorithm
Authors: Mohammed Sajaa G. , Abdul-Jabbar Safa S. , Mohammed Faisel G. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Color image compression is a good way to encode digital images by decreasing the number of bits wanted to supply the image. The main objective is to reduce storage space, reduce transportation costs and maintain good quality. In current research work, a simple effective methodology is proposed for the purpose of compressing color art digital images and obtaining a low bit rate by compressing the matrix resulting from the scalar quantization process (reducing the number of bits from 24 to 8 bits) using displacement coding and then compressing the remainder using the Mabel ZF algorithm Welch LZW. The proposed methodology maintains the quality of the reconstructed image. Macroscopic and quantitative experimental results on technical color images show that the proposed methodology gives reconstructed images with a high PSNR value compared to standard image compression techniques.
Development of Effectual Substrates for SERS by Nanostructures-on flexible surfaces
Authors: Humud Hammad R. , Moaen Fatimah Jumaah 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The current study examines recent advancements in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), a technique that employs flexible surfaces as an active substrate, this surfaces consist from two-dimensional thermo-plasmonic grating. With 53 nm Au layer (was deposited on the 2D grating structure of the PDMS by the PVD method). The explosive wire technique was used to preparing Ag nanoparticles that were used for the purpose of SERS. The effect of the plasmonic nanostructures on the absorption spectra and Surface - Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) activities was examined. Rhodamine 6G dye was used as a probe molecule. X-Ray diffraction (XRD) was used to examine the structural characteristics of the nanoparticles. The morphology was assessed using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy(FESEM). A twin beam UV-Vis Spectrophotometer was used to measure the absorption of the combined Rh6G dye (concentration 1×10“–6M) with the nanostructures. a Sunshine Raman microscope system and a 50mm objective lens, used for investigating the Raman spectra of the Rh6G combined with nanostructures. The results showed that the enhancement factor (EF) for SERS of R6G (1×M) reached to (2.2×10 3) When using Ag nanoparticles and (0.08 × 103) when R6G deposited directly on the flexible substrates without nanostructures at the wave number (1650 cm−1), we produced a recyclable, homogeneous, and highly sensitive SERS substrate with dependable reproducibility. For the SERS substrate, a surface made up of two-dimensional (2D) flexible grating substrates was chosen to provide multiple modalities in electrical and medicinal applications.
New Comparative Study of High-Sensitivity H2Gas Sensors at Room Temperature Based on ZnO NWs Grown on Si and PS/Si Substrates without Catalyst by Wet Thermal Evaporation Method
Authors: Abdulgafour H. I. , Hassan Thamer A.A. , Yam F.K. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA novel approach for growing high-quality ZnOnano-structures with no catalyst using an inexpensive technique that is called wet thermal evaporation has been investigated for gas sensor applications. For a novel comparative investigation of H2gas sensors, large regions regarding the well-aligned coral reef-like ZnOnano-structures on the porous Si (PS) and flower-like nano-rods on Silicon were successfully utilized. In the presented study, a Pd/ZnO/Pd metal-semiconductor-metal was efficiently created for H2gas sensor device employing high-quality ZnOnano-structures that are grown on a variety of the substrates. At room temperature, the sensitivity related to ZnO/PS and ZnO/Si is evaluated at various flow rate values (25sccm, 50sccm, 100sccm, and 150sccm) of 2% H2gas. The I-V characteristics revealed that ZnO/Si has a larger hydrogen gas barrier height than ZnO/PS. At room temperature, the ZnO/Si sensitivity was about 105% and 190% for ZnO/PS at 150sccm flow rate. The sensors’ sensitivity and optimum operating temperature for ZnO/PS at 150sccm of H2gas are 350% (at 100 Celsius), which is higher compared to double the maximal sensitivity with regard to ZnO/Si device at a temperature of 150 Celsius. This research concluded that because ZnO/PS has a large specific area, it has a greater possibility of reacting with gases and increasing sensitivity at the temperature of theroom.
Gold nanoparticles fabricated by the electrical wire explosion technique, deposited on a porous silicon as an active substrate for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)
Authors: Jaleel Ansam F , Wasfi Ahmed S 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This study aims to improve the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) using gold nanoparticles prepared by the wire explosion technique and deposited on an etched silicon substrate. This spectral technique is highly dependent upon physicochemical properties of the substrate material, to detect very low concentrations of the toxic materials.
The morphological and structural features of the prepared gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been investigated by the field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The FE-SEM images illustrated that the deposited AuNPs have a non-uniform spherical shape with a rough surface and there were nanogaps between them acting as hotspots at the surface. While the X-ray diffraction pattern indicated the existence of the (111) plane which confirmed the crystalline nature of the AuNPs. Rh6G dye was used as a probe material to examine the performance of these nanoparticles as a SERS substrate. The Raman scattering spectrum of the rhodamine RH6G dye enhanced greatly due to the existence of these nanoparticles, where the enhancement factor (EF) was 2.23×106 when using a deposited AuNPs of concentration 13.46 ppm which is equal to 3×10-5 M, and a reasonable detection limit for a low dye concentration of 10-14M.
Post-synthesis treatment of graphene oxide/silica particles nanocomposite with piranha acid for functionalization
Authors: Mukherjee Ahana , Kumari Munesh , Ghosh Moulick Ranjita 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The discovery of 2D materials has led researchers to a broad material platform. Their excellent physical, chemical and electrical properties along with the layered structure have found applications in various fields. However, these materials also have limitations and functionalisation is one of the mechanisms that improves their properties. In our previous work, we observed surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) after covalent attachment of protein to the graphene nanocomposite where piranha acid was used to generate the functional groups. The current work describes the synthesis and characterisation of a graphene oxide-silica particle nanocomposite after piranha acid treatment at different time intervals. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy were performed to indicate structural changes which facilitated the protein attachment. The SEM and TEM results indicated that the sample which was piranha acid activated for 3 min displayed better arrangement of silica particles on the graphene sheets with exposition of the highest net surface area in the graphene sheet, compared to the other samples and determined to be the best functionalised nanocomposite for further applications. Morphological instability of the graphene sheets and clustering of silica particles were observed in the samples treated for more than 3 min. Interestingly, the same degree of graphitisation was observed in all the samples when I

D
/I

G
ratios {(≤0.99) ≠ 0} were determined by Raman spectroscopy.
Quality assurance for the NHS abdominal aortic aneurysm screening programme in England
Authors: Campbell Abigail , Waggett Helena , Armer Morag , Jacomelli Jo , Earnshaw Jonothan J. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Introduction
The National Health Service Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Screening Programme (NAAASP) was introduced in England in 2009 to offer ultrasound screening to men over 65 years, in order to reduce aneurysm-related deaths. This study describes the development of a quality assurance (QA) process and conducts an analysis of the first round of QA visit reports. The aim was to identify themes where local providers can target their efforts for improvement.

Methods
Forty-one providers were assessed over 4 years using a process of QA visits adapted from previously established screening programmes. A mixture of qualitative and quantitative methods was used to analyse the 41 QA reports, which identified a range of recommendations for providers. The data were coded for key words and assigned to themes. The number of recommendations per visit report was compared with experience of the providers and performance against national screening standards.

Results
A total of 773 recommendations were made, with an average of 19 per QA visit. Around one third of the recommendations were based on governance and leadership standards, with 43.0 per cent of those based around commissioning and accountability. A significant relationship was seen between number of infrastructure recommendations and performance against standards.

Conclusion
This review of a QA cycle found that sound infrastructure is key to the success of a local provider.
Brain capillary obstruction during neurotoxicity in a mouse model of anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy
Authors: Faulhaber Lila D. , Phuong Anthea Q. , Hartsuyker Kendra Jae , Cho Yeheun , Mand Katie K. , Harper Stuart D. , Olson Aaron K. , Garden Gwenn A. , Shih Andy Y. , Gust Juliane 
Published: December 2021

AbstractImmunotherapy for haematologic malignancies with CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor T cells has been highly successful at eradicating cancer but is associated with acute neurotoxicity in ∼40% of patients. This neurotoxicity correlates with systemic cytokine release syndrome, endothelial activation and disruption of endothelial integrity, but it remains unclear how these mechanisms interact and how they lead to neurologic dysfunction. We hypothesized that dysfunction of the neurovascular unit is a key step in the development of neurotoxicity. To recapitulate the interaction of the intact immune system with the blood–brain barrier, we first developed an immunocompetent mouse model of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell treatment-associated neurotoxicity. We treated wild-type mice with cyclophosphamide lymphodepletion followed by escalating doses of murine CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor T cells. Within 3–5 days after chimeric antigen receptor T-cell infusion, these mice developed systemic cytokine release and abnormal behaviour as measured by daily neurologic screening exams and open-field testing. Histologic examination revealed widespread brain haemorrhages, diffuse extravascular immunoglobulin deposition, loss of capillary pericyte coverage and increased prevalence of string capillaries. To measure any associated changes in cerebral microvascular blood flow, we performed in vivo two-photon imaging through thinned-skull cranial windows. Unexpectedly, we found that 11.9% of cortical capillaries were plugged by Day 6 after chimeric antigen receptor T-cell treatment, compared to 1.1% in controls treated with mock transduced T cells. The capillary plugs comprised CD45+ leucocytes, a subset of which were CD3+ T cells. Plugging of this severity is expected to compromise cerebral perfusion. Indeed, we found widely distributed patchy hypoxia by hypoxyprobe immunolabelling. Increased serum levels of soluble ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 support a putative mechanism of increased leucocyte–endothelial adhesion. These data reveal that brain capillary obstruction may cause sufficient microvascular compromise to explain the clinical phenotype of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell neurotoxicity. The translational impact of this finding is strengthened by the fact that our mouse model closely approximates the kinetics and histologic findings of the chimeric antigen receptor T-cell neurotoxicity syndrome seen in human patients. This new link between systemic immune activation and neurovascular unit injury may be amenable to therapeutic intervention.
Human Papillomavirus Antibody Levels Following Vaccination or Natural Infection Among Young Men Who Have Sex With Men
Authors: Chow Eric P F , Fairley Christopher K , Zou Huachun , Wigan Rebecca , Garland Suzanne M , Cornall Alyssa M , Atchison Steph , Tabrizi Sepehr N , Chen Marcus Y 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
Australia introduced a school-based gender-neutral human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination program for girls and boys aged 12–13 years in 2013. We examined HPV type–specific antibody levels in unvaccinated young men who have sex with men (MSM) with natural infection and compared these with levels in those vaccinated against HPV.

Methods
Serum specimens at baseline were collected from MSM aged 16–20 years in the HYPER1 (Human Papillomavirus in Young People Epidemiological Research) and HYPER2 studies, conducted in 2010–2013 and 2017–2019, respectively. Merck’s 4-plex HPV competitive Luminex Immunoassay was used to quantify HPV6-, HPV11-, HPV16-, and HPV18-specific antibodies. We compared antibody levels for each HPV genotype between unvaccinated men (HYPER1) and vaccinated men (HYPER2) using the Mann-Whitney U test.

Results
There were 200 unvaccinated men and 127 vaccinated men included in the analysis. Median antibody levels among vaccinated men were significantly higher than levels among unvaccinated men for HPV6 (223 milli-Merck units per milliliter [mMU/mL] vs 48 mMU/mL, P &lt; .0001), HPV11 (163 mMU/mL vs 21 mMU/mL, P &lt; .0001), HPV16 (888 mMU/mL vs 72 mMU/mL, P &lt; .0001), and HPV18 (161 mMU/mL vs 20 mMU/mL, P &lt; .0001). Antibody levels did not change over time for up to 66 months for all 4 genotypes among vaccinated men.

Conclusions
Among young MSM vaccinated with the quadrivalent HPV vaccine, antibody levels for HPV6, HPV11, HPV16, and HPV18 were significantly higher than those in unvaccinated MSM following natural infection. Antibody levels following vaccination appeared to remain stable over time.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT01422356 for HYPER1 and NCT03000933 for HYPER2.
Successful Fidaxomicin Hospital Discharges of Adult Patients With Clostridioides difficile Infections Post–2021 Guidelines: Are Economic Barriers Finally Coming Down?
Authors: Fang Noah , Ha David , Dong Kimberly , Leung Thomas , Lee Sydney , Holubar Marisa , Meng Lina 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We reviewed Clostridioides difficile–positive patients discharged on fidaxomicin after local adoption of 2021 C. difficile infection (CDI) guidelines. From 14 June to 3 October 2021, 80% (12/15) had copayments of $0–$35 and 27% (4/15) required prior authorization. The 30-day CDI recurrence was 7%.
A reappraisal of the sinus venosus defect
Authors: Chowdhury Ujjwal Kumar , Anderson Robert H , Pandey Niraj Nirmal , Sharma Srikant , Sankhyan Lakshmi Kumari , George Niwin , Goja Shikha , Arvind Balaji 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The phenotypic features and morphogenesis of the ‘sinus venosus defect’ remain controversial. The phenotypic features are anomalous systemic connections of 1 or more pulmonary veins that retain their left atrial connection, usually associated with a biatrial connection of the superior caval vein. Cases with these features, however, have not always been described as sinus venosus defects.

METHODS
We reviewed the findings documented in the literature from 11 patients with a biatrial connection of the superior caval vein, most reported following an autopsy examination. We compared these findings with the anatomical details of 50 patients undergoing surgical correction in our centre, paying particular attention to the override of the superior caval vein.

RESULTS
In only two-thirds of those undergoing surgery did the superior caval vein override the rims of the oval fossa, with the degree of override &gt;50% in only 2 individuals. It is only these latter 2 cases that are directly comparable to the reported cases of biatrial connection of the superior caval vein.

CONCLUSIONS
Our comparisons provide new insights into the developmental background and phenotypic features of the superior sinus venosus defect. The defects exist because of the anomalous systemic connection of the pulmonary veins that retain their left atrial connections but not always in association with a biatrial connection of the superior caval vein. In extreme cases, nonetheless, they can underscore the connection of the caval vein to the morphologically left atrium, frequently described previously as a ‘biatrial connection’. The sinus venosus defect is better considered a venovenous malformation than a septal defect.
Prevalence and clinical significance of isolated low QRS voltages in young athletes
Authors: Zorzi Alessandro , Bettella Natascia , Tatangelo Mario , Del Monte Alvise , Vessella Teresina , Poscolieri Barbara , Crescenzi Cinzia , Pegorin Davide , D’Ascenzi Flavio , Pescatore Valentina , Giada Franco , Sarto Patrizio , Calò Leonardo , Schiavon Maurizio , Gregori Dario , Hadley David M , Drezner Jonathan A , Pelliccia Antonio , Corrado Domenico 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Aims
Low QRS voltages (peak to peak &lt;0.5 mV) in limb leads (LQRSV) on the athlete’s electrocardiogram (ECG) may reflect an underlying cardiomyopathy, mostly arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) or non-ischaemic left ventricular scar (NILVS). We studied the prevalence and clinical meaning of isolated LQRSV in a large cohort of competitive athletes.

Methods and results
The index group included 2229 Italian competitive athletes [median age 18 years (16–25), 67% males, 97% Caucasian] without major ECG abnormalities at pre-participation screening. Three control groups included Black athletes (N = 1115), general population (N = 1115), and patients with ACM or NILVS (N = 58). Echocardiogram was performed in all athletes with isolated LQRSV and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) in those with ventricular arrhythmias or echocardiographic abnormalities. The isolated LQRSV pattern was found in 1.1% index athletes and was associated with increasing age (median age 28 vs. 18 years; P &lt; 0.001), elite status (71% vs. 34%; P &lt; 0.001), body surface area, and body mass index but not with sex, type of sport, and echocardiographic left ventricular mass. The prevalence of isolated LQRSV was 0.2% in Black athletes and 0.3% in young individuals from the general population. Cardiomyopathy patients had a significantly greater prevalence of isolated LQRSV (12%) than index athletes, Black athletes, and general population. Five index athletes with isolated LQSRV and exercise-induced ventricular arrhythmias underwent CMR showing biventricular ACM in 1 and idiopathic NILVS in 1.

Conclusions
Unlike cardiomyopathy patients, the ECG pattern of isolated LQRSV was rarely observed in athletes. This ECG sign should prompt clinical work-up for exclusion of an underlying cardiomyopathy.