bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current Trends in Removable Partial Prosthodontics Teaching in Undergraduate Dental Colleges of Sindh, Pakistan
Authors: Lone Muneeb Ahmed , Inayat Ahsan , Lone Maham Muneeb , Lone Mohid Abrar , Kumar Bharat , Khan Muhammad Farhan 
Published: December 2021

Objective: To explore current trends in removable partial prosthodontics teaching in undergraduate dental colleges of Sindh, Pakistan.
Study Design: Descriptive Cross-sectional.
Place and Duration of the Study: Department of prosthodontics in dental colleges of Sindh in September 2019.
Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done in which a questionnaire was sent by email to head of Prosthodontics department of 16 dental institutes of Sindh, Pakistan. The survey included different questions regarding current trends in removable partial prosthodontics education in undergraduate dental colleges.
Results: Out of sixteen questionnaires, fourteen were completely filled and returned. Majority (69.2%) of the institutes teach fabrication of removable partial dentures (RPDs) in third year of dental college. Students of only one dental college fabricate 10-12 RPDs in their clinical rotation. All dental colleges teach acrylic RPD construction in their preclinical years. Faculty in 12 (85.7%) dental colleges always give clinical demonstrations to students before their clinical rotations. Eleven out of the fourteen colleges teach cast partial dentures (CPDs) theoretically, but no CPDs are fabricated by the students during their clinical rotation. About 70% dental schools do not have in-house facility to fabricate cast partial dentures.
Conclusion: This study describes current trends of removable prosthodontics teaching in undergraduate colleges of Sindh. A large majority of undergraduate dental students are not fabricating the minimum number of partial dentures as per PMC requirement. Although theoretically cast partial dentures are taught in lectures but students do not construct them in their undergraduate years. Efforts should therefore be made to improve teaching practices and clinical skills of undergraduates, for them to be able to treat partially dentate patients after graduation.
Impact of Organisational Climate on Nurses’ Commitment at Public Hospitals in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Hassan Magdah Al , Almowallad Nada , Motary Muneerah Al , Alshmemri Mohammed , Alghabbashi Maram 
Published: December 2021

Background: Nurses represent most healthcare professionals. They work in different healthcare organisations and play a vital role in improving the quality of healthcare. Consequently, it is essential to study the factors that influence nurses' organisational commitments. The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of organisational climate and nurses' commitment in Saudi Arabian public hospitals and to explore the correlation between hospital climate and nurses' commitment.
Methods: a quantitative cross-sectional method conducted at the Al-Zulfi General Hospital, Riyadh; King Abdul-Aziz Hospital, Makkah; and King Fahd Central Hospital, Jazan. The Data was collected from 343 participants by using electronic questionnaire in English distributed for the period between 01/03/2021 to 01/04/2021. The questionnaire is composed of three parts: demographic data, a three-component model (TCM) of employee commitment, and an organisational climate questionnaire (OCQ). The sample size was calculated based on the Steven K. Thompson equation. The data were analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t-tests to identify the differences in organisational commitment and organisational climate among participants’ characteristics. Correlation analysis was used to identify the relationship between organisational commitment and organisational climate.
Results: The results demonstrated a significant positive moderate correlation between nurses’ commitment and hospital climate, where r = 0.580 and P < 0.001. We found that organisational commitment was observed as significantly correlated with gender, nationalities and hospital; also, organisational climate was perceived as significantly correlated with gender, nationalities, marital status, years of experience and hospitals with a p-value < 0.05. It is evident that improving organisational climate leads to an increase in nurses’ commitment.
Conclusion: Improving the organisational climate could help to promote nurse retention and enhance nursing commitment. The current study recommends that nurse managers pay careful attention to the organisational environment to increase organisational commitment, which can contribute to positive attitudes and appreciation for the organisation.
The Frequency of Prescribing Nicotine and Varenicline in a Public Hospital
Authors: Ahmed Nehad J. , Gabr Gamal A. , El-Sherbiny Abeer A. 
Published: December 2021

Aim: This study was conducted to demonstrate the prescribing pattern of nicotine and varenicline in a public hospital in Alkharj.
Methodology: This is a retrospective study includes evaluating outpatient prescribing of nicotine and varenicline from 1st of January 2018 to 30th of June 2018 in a public hospital in Alkharj.
Results: All of the nicotine patch prescriptions were written by internal medicine department and all of the prescriptions were prescribed by residents. The age of more than half of them was between 30 and 39 (53.33%). All of the varenicline tablet prescriptions were written by internal medicine department. The age of about 88.23% of the patients who received varenicline tablet was more than 29 years.
Conclusion: Nicotine and varenicline prescribing was infrequent in Al-kharj. More awareness programs are needed for health care workers and for the public. Moreover, the physicians should assess if the treatment is needed or no according to the person condition.
Impact of Various Cross Linking Agents on Dentin Adhesive Systems - an In-vitro Study
Authors: Prasanna Ganapathi Vasavi , Rajasekhar Vemareddy , Battu Someshwar , Balaraju Korrai , Naidu Seera Sudhakar , Gayathri Chava 
Published: December 2021

Aims and Objectives: The main aim of this study is to compare and evaluate the shear bond strength of composite resin using a total etch adhesive and self-etch adhesive after treatment with different collagen cross-linking agents.
Materials and Methods: Forty freshly extracted human maxillary central incisors were taken. The proximal dentin was exposed, cavities were prepared on mesial and distal of each tooth. The specimens were randomly divided into two groups based on bonding agent applied-Group A and Group B i.e universal bonding agent and all in one bonding agent respectively and are subdivided into four groups based on the surface treatment of dentin. Group I A (n=10) Control-total etch(CTE); Group II A (n=10) Sodium Ascorbate-total etch (STE); Group III A (n=10)- Proanthocyanidin total etch(PTE); Group IV A (n=10)- Chitosan total etch (CHTE); Group I B (n=10) Control-self etch (CSE); Group II B (n=10) Sodium Ascorbate-self etch(SSE); Group III B (n=10)- Proanthocyanidin self-etch (PSE); and Group IV B (n=10) - Chitosan self-etch (CHSE). Shear bond strength of the specimens are tested with universal testing machine, and the data was statistically analysed with one way ANOVA.
Results: Significantly higher shear bond strength to dentin was observed in teeth treated with 6.5% Proanthocyanidin Total etch, 10% Sodium Ascorbate Total etch and 1% Chitosan acetate compared to the control group. No significant difference was seen with self-etch treated groups.
Conclusion: Dentin surface pretreatment with 6.5% Proanthocyanidin, 10% Sodium Ascorbate and 1% Chitosan acetate results in significant enhancement in bond strength of composite resin to deep dentin.
Recent Modalities in the Diagnosis of Obesity
Authors: Sagar V. V. S. S. , Wanjari A. K. , Acharya Sourya , Kumar Sunil 
Published: December 2021

Obesity has been an emerging health problem worldwide which has a major impact on public health. It is associated with medical, psychosocial and economic implications with increasing prevalence among both adult and paediatric population. Obesity led to an increased risk of medical conditions like diabetes mellitus, hypertension, coronary artery disease, insulin resistance and sleep apnoea. Obesity has a major impact on cardiovascular system causing structural and functional changes leading to cardiac dysfunction.
Hence it is important to diagnose obesity at the earliest for timely prevention of associated complications. Apart from routine diagnostic methods for obesity like body mass index, anthropometry (waist circumference, hip circumference, neck circumference), several recent modalities were described for the diagnosis of obesity like radioimaging, nuclear medicine imaging which will be described in detail in this review article.
MRI (Magnetic resonance imaging) aids in the detection of adipose tissue at various sites and organs, whereas MRS (Magnetic resonance spectroscopy) helps in mapping of small quantity of lipids. MRI helps in delineating ectopic adipose tissue accumulation establishing that obesity alone is not a major cause for derangement in metabolic profile. An additional advantage is MRI brain is an excellent imaging guide for studying the role of central appetite regulatory systems in the occurrence of obesity.
Sonography is not accurate in the estimation of hepatic steatosis. But advancements in sonographic modalities gives an extra edge in evaluation of hepatic steatosis by availing special physical characteristics such as stiffness of adipose tissue and its sound absorption.
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) (Nuclear medicine imaging) helps in studying central pathophysiology, activity of brown adipose tissue and disruption of gut-brain homeostasis.
Evaluation of Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction in Culture-Negative Cerebrospinal Fluid Samples of Bacterial meningitis Patients
Authors: Khuntia C. P. , Kar S. K. , Dwibedi B. 
Published: December 2021

Background: Meningitis is a rigorous childhood disease with high morbidity and mortality. It is the main cause of under five mortality in India. Mainly three bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae are responsible. In low economic set up country like India, documented bacterial meningitis mainly depend on gram staining, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture results or latex agglutination test resulting in less number of positive due to the prior antimicrobial intake which affects culture and latex agglutination test results. This study was taken up rapid and accurate molecular method like RT PCR to diagnose bacterial meningitis in culture-negative CSF samples.
Materials and Methods: Fifty culture-negative CSF samples from suspected cases of bacterial meningitis were examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) for the presence of lytA, bexA, and ctrA genes specific for Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Neisseria meningitidis respectively.
Results: Positive real-time PCR results for Streptococcus pneumoniae were detected in 36 (72%) of culture-negative CSF samples while 10% positive results for Haemophilus influenzae type b. Nine (18%) samples were negative by real-time PCR for all tested organisms.
Conclusion: The use of molecular techniques as real-time PCR can provide a valuable addition to the proportion of diagnosed cases of bacterial meningitis especially in settings with high rates of culture-negative results.
The Importance of Optical Coherence Tomography and Autofluorescence in the Documentation of Papillary Colobomatous Fossette
Authors: Miguel Thiago Sande , Miguel Vinicius Sande , Rossett Tais Cristina , Costa Daniel Almeida da , Pereira Maurício Bastos 
Published: December 2021

Aims: To describe the importance of optical coherence tomography and autofluorescence in the documentation of papillary colobomatous fossette.
Presentation of Case: F.D.O. A 14-year-old male student is referred for evaluation of the fundus of the eye due to an alteration in the optic disc noticed by another professional who did not feel safe in the follow-up. The patient was completely asymptomatic at the time of the consultation and did not claim previous visual complaints.
She denied systemic and ocular comorbidities and did not use any systemic and topical medication.
Discussion: The congenital optic disc pit is a rare and typically unilateral congenital anomaly, consisting of a retinal herniation that extends into the subarachnoid space through a lamina cribrosa defect. 8,13,15,16
Although this condition, in most cases, does not present complications and remains asymptomatic, it can sometimes worsen with a significant decrease in visual acuity. This more serious condition can be characterized by important macular alterations, such as serous retinal detachment, cystic degenerations and degenerative pigmentary alterations. 14,16,17,18 The patient in the present report did not have any visual complaints and did not present severe structural and functional retinal damage, which highlights the importance of early diagnosis.
Conclusions: The colobomatous papilla pit is characterized by the presence of isolated cavities in the optic disc head secondary to a developmental disorder of the primitive epithelial papilla.
Its incidence is 1:10,000 people without sexual or racial predilection. It presents, in most cases, asymptomatic, unilateral in 85-95% of cases and rarely with more than one pit per disc.
Effects of stress on eyewitness identification in the laboratory
Authors: Price Heather L. , Tottenham Laurie Sykes , Hatin Bianca , Fitzgerald Ryan J. , Rubínová Eva 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWitnesses to crime often experience stress during the witnessed event. However, most laboratory studies examining eyewitness memory do not include a stressful encoding event. Participants (N = 129) completed an experimental stress induction procedure—a modified version of the Trier Social Stress Test. We designed three conditions to manipulate the amount of stress experienced and included three types of measures to assess the effectiveness of the manipulation: cortisol levels (hormonal), blood pressure and heart rate (autonomic), and self‐report (subjective). Participants watched a video that had a surprise viewing of a staged theft and completed two lineup identification tasks. We observed no effects of stress on the accuracy or willingness to choose from a lineup. Importantly, there was variability in the correspondence between measured indicators of stress, which should be considered in future designs.
Texturing Hierarchical Tissues by Gradient Assembling of Microengineered Platelet‐Lysates Activated Fibers
Authors: Calejo Isabel , Reis Rui L. , Domingues Rui M. A. , Gomes Manuela E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe heterogeneity of hierarchical tissues requires designing multipart engineered constructs as suitable tissue replacements. Herein, the incorporation of platelet lysate (PL) within an electrospun fiber core is proposed aiming for the fabrication of functionally graded 3D scaffolds for heterotypic tissues regeneration, such as tendon‐to‐bone interfaces. First, anisotropic yarns (A‐Yarns) and isotropic threads with nanohydroxyapatite (I‐Threads/PL@nHAp) are fabricated to recreate the tendon‐ and bone‐microstructures and both incorporated with PL using emulsion electrospinning for a sustained and local delivery of growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines. Biological performance using human adipose‐derived stem cells demonstrates that A‐Yarns/PL induce a higher expression of scleraxis, a tenogenic‐marker, while in I‐Threads/PL@nHAp, higher alkaline phosphatase activity and matrix mineralization suggest an osteogenic commitment without the need for biochemical supplementation compared to controls. As a proof‐of‐concept, functional 3D gradient scaffolds are fabricated using a weaving technique, resulting in 3D textured hierarchical constructs with gradients in composition and topography. Additionally, the precise delivery of bioactive cues together with in situ biophysical features guide the commitment into a phenotypic gradient exhibiting chondrogenic and osteochondrogenic profiles in the interface of scaffolds. Overall, a promising patch solution for the regeneration of tendon‐to‐bone tissue interface through the fabrication of PL‐functional 3D gradient constructs is demonstrated.
Molecular Engineering of 2D Nanomaterial Field‐Effect Transistor Sensors: Fundamentals and Translation across the Innovation Spectrum
Authors: Chen Junhong , Pu Haihui , Hersam Mark C. , Westerhoff Paul 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOver the last decade, 2D layered nanomaterials have attracted significant attention across the scientific community due to their rich and exotic properties. Various nanoelectronic devices based on these 2D nanomaterials have been explored and demonstrated, including those for environmental applications. Here, the fundamental attributes of 2D layered nanomaterials for field‐effect transistor (FET) sensors and tunneling FET (TFET) sensors, which provide versatile detection of water contaminants such as heavy‐metal ions, bacteria, nutrients, and organic pollutants, are discussed. The major challenges and opportunities are also outlined for designing and fabricating 2D nanomaterial FET/TFET sensors with superior performance. Translation of these FET/TFET sensors from fundamental research to applied technology is illustrated through a case study on graphene‐based real‐time FET water sensors. A second case study centers on large‐scale sensor networks for water‐quality monitoring to enable intelligent drinking water and river‐water systems. Overall, 2D nanomaterial FET sensors have significant potential for enabling a human‐centered intelligent water system that can likely be applied to other precarious water supplies around the globe.
Dynamic and Reversible Tuning of Particle‐in‐Bowl Shaped Plasmonic Resonators for Switchable Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering
Authors: Deng Fangfang , Xiang Junxiang , Wang Shuangshuang , Wang Xujie , Hu Huatian , Liu Ze , Ding Tao 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPlasmonic nanoresonators made of particle‐in‐void have been considered as superior plasmonic cavities for surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). However, controlled fabrication of such plasmonic system and its dynamic tuning pose great challenges to traditional fabrication methods. Here, a capillary‐driven self‐assembly is proposed to form gold nanoparticles in bowls (Au NPiBs), which have a nm‐gap filled with temperature‐responsive polymers (poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide)). As such, the plasmonic resonances of the Au NPiB nanostructures can be dynamically and reversibly tuned with the change of temperature due to the thermally induced expansion and contraction of the polymers. The SERS enhancement factor (EF) of such Au NPiB can reach up to 106, which is also switchable with temperature. The Au NPiB obtained with scalable and facile self‐assembly approach is more defined and uniform compared to any previously reported NPiB structures, making it an ideal SERS switching device with robust reversibility and reproducibility.
Wafer‐Scale Graphene Anodes Replace Indium Tin Oxide in Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Weng Zhichao , Dixon Sebastian C. , Lee Lok Yi , Humphreys Colin J. , Guiney Ivor , Fenwick Oliver , Gillin William P. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIndium tin oxide (ITO) is widely used for transparent electrode applications due to its high electrical conductivity and relatively straightforward deposition technology. However, there are long standing concerns for its use due to the limited availability of indium in the Earth's crust. Graphene is considered as a promising material for replacing ITO but for this to become possible, a low‐cost and scalable fabrication method that produces graphene with comparable performance to ITO is required. By taking advantage of high‐quality monolayer graphene directly deposited on a transparent substrate using a commercially available metal–organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) system, graphene‐based organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) without the use of metal catalysts or a graphene transfer process are developed. The as‐grown graphene is patterned using photolithography and its conductivity is enhanced by doping with nitric acid prior to deposition of the OLED stack. The electrical and optical performances of the as‐fabricated graphene‐based OLEDs are identical to the control devices with conventional ITO anodes. All the processes used in the fabrication of graphene‐based OLEDs can be performed at wafer scale. This paper demonstrates the potential for graphene to replace ITO as anodes in OLED devices in a technologically and commercially effective manner.
Thermal Evaporation for Halide Perovskite Optoelectronics: Fundamentals, Progress, and Outlook
Authors: Du Peipei , Wang Liang , Li Jinghui , Luo Jiajun , Ma Ying , Tang Jiang , Zhai Tianyou 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMetal halide perovskites have rapidly advanced the field of optoelectronic devices, especially for photovoltaic (PV) and light‐emitting diode (LED) fields with efficiencies comparable to those well‐established technologies. However, most of the reported perovskite devices are fabricated using lab‐scale solution‐processing methods. The thermal evaporation (TE) method, a mature technique widely used in the semiconductor industry, could be a promising alternative technology for large‐area and scale‐up fabrication. Moreover, the TE method is free of toxic solvent, enables easy control of film thickness, and is compatible with existing industry. This review first presents the fundamentals of the TE method, with an emphasis on the growth mechanism of perovskite films. This is followed by the progress of thermally evaporated perovskite‐based optoelectronic devices, especially solar cells and light‐emitting diodes. Last, the device‐oriented design principles via TE technology are summarized and future development opportunities are overviewed.
Self‐Thickening and Self‐Strengthening 3D Printing Magnetic Cellulose‐Based Aerogel for Adsorption and Recovery of Methylene Blue
Authors: Zhang Yang , Chen Yu , Jiang Yue , Sui Guoxin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract3D printing of biomass has attracted increasing attention and can meet the requirements of various practical applications. Herein, 3D printing of a cellulose‐based aerogel is achieved by direct ink writing based on a self‐thickening and self‐strengthening strategy, followed by freezing drying. The magnetic cellulose‐based aerogels (MCAs) containing Fe3O4 nanoparticles are ideal adsorbents for adsorbing and removing organic pollutants from water. As catchers and carriers for magnetic removal, MCAs (Fe3O4 nanoparticles and cellulose) provide large active sites, which allows organic pollution to be quickly and stably bound on the surface. The adsorption effect of methylene blue (MB) is dependent on pH and the removal efficiency of MB (5.6 mg l‐1, pH = 9) is 88.5% for MCA, which occurs almost instantaneously at room temperature. In addition, the collected aerogel‐MB hybrid can be reactivated by acid‐washing (pH = 3) without obvious changes in the adsorption performance of MCA. The MCA exhibits a fast, efficient and sustainable removal of organic pollutants, which provides an inexpensive and recyclable method for water remediation.