bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bulgarian economy as a producer of intermediate goods for the European Union
Authors: Kalinkova Sabrina 
Published: April 2021

Relevance of research topic. In conditions of globalization, the economic development of a country depends a lot on its relations with the rest of the world. When using economic indicators, including the "foreign trade balance" one, their correct interpretation is of particular importance. Formulation of the problem. The research interest should be focused not only on the volume of exports and imports in monetary terms, but also on its structure. It is a question of what production (goods and services) the Bulgarian economy exports (respectively imports), as well as where it exports (from where the Bulgarian economy imports). Setting the task, the purpose of the study. This report aims to present the Bulgarian economy in its role of producer and supplier of intermediate products for the countries of the European Union. Method or methodology for conducting research. The study is based on the use of the input-output model and in particular the symmetric input-output tables provided by the World Input-Output Database. Presentation of the main material (results of work). This report presents the results of the study of volume and structure of exports of the Bulgarian economy as a producer and supplier of intermediate goods, directed to the countries of the European Union. The interactions with the following countries were analyzed: Austria, Belgium, Germany, Denmark, Spain, France, Great Britain, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, and Romania. Some of the member states of the European Union are not included. The reason for this is the lack of interactions between them and the Bulgarian economy, based on the provision of intermediate products. Conclusions according to the article. The study presents only one aspect of the foreign economic relations that take place between Bulgaria and the European Union. For the most part, the relations between Bulgaria and the other economies in the European Union are based mainly on industries related to the supply of resources. Services and products with a final degree of readiness are provided to a much lesser extent.
Nabywanie znacznych pakietów akcji krajowych zakładów ubezpieczeń – charakterystyka i analiza prawna
Authors: Beata Kozłowska-Chyła  , Paweł Wajda  
Published: April 2021

This paper is an attempt to solve problems which may arise – and in practice they do – in the course of proceedings conducted by the Polish Financial Supervision Authority (KNF) concerning the expression of its position on the acquisition of a qualifying holding in a domestic insurance company (i.e. in fact, the analysis of the institution objecting to the acquisition of a qualifying holding in a domestic insurance company, referred to in Articles 82–98 of the Act of 15 September 2015 on insurance and reinsurance activities).
Brexit a wybory do Parlamentu Europejskiego w 2019 r. Rozważania na tle wyborów w Polsce
Authors: Agata Pyrzyńska  
Published: April 2021

Wystąpienie Wielkiej Brytanii z Unii Europejskiej okazało się ważnym wydarzeniem nie tylko dla obywateli tego państwa lecz dla wszystkich państw członkowskich Unii Europejskiej. Jedną z ważnych konsekwencji notyfikacji wystąpienia z organizacji stało się ustalenie składu Parlamentu Europejskiego przy uwzględnieniu różnych wariantów momentu dojścia do skutku Brexitu. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest analiza wpływu wystąpienia Wielkiej Brytanii z Unii Europejskiej na przebieg wyborów i obsadzenie mandatów w Parlamencie Europejskim. Kwestia ta została przedstawiona przede wszystkim na przykładzie wyborów przeprowadzonych w Polsce. W pierwszej części artykułu omówiono procedurę wystąpienia Wielkiej Brytanii z UE i problemy z nią związane. Część druga poświęcona została oddziaływaniu Brexitu na sposób podziału mandatów w PE w zależności od momentu wystąpienia Wielkiej Brytanii z Unii Europejskiej. W części trzeciej artykułu przeanalizowano problemy związane z trybem wyłonienia polskiego posła „oczekującego” na objęcie mandatu w PE oraz jego statusem.
Prawa Asimova czyli science-fiction jako fundament nowego prawa cywilnego
Authors: Paweł Księżak  , Sylwia Wojtczak  
Published: April 2021

W dniu 16 lutego 2017 r. Parlament Europejski przyjął Rezolucję 2015/2103(INL), w której wezwał Komisję do podjęcia prac nad stworzeniem nowych rozwiązań z zakresu prawa cywilnego, które mogłyby odpowiedzieć na szybki współczesny rozwój robotyki i sztucznej inteligencji. Rezolucja wskazuje prawa Asimova jako jedną z podstaw przyszłych przepisów prawa cywilnego dotyczących robotyki. Autorzy artykułu analizują, czy biorąc pod uwagę perspektywę prawną, prawa Asimova mogą rzeczywiście odgrywać przewidzianą dla nich rolę. Z analizy wynika, że ​​z wielu powodów prawa Asimowa nie są dobrym instrumentem do opracowywania konkretnych przepisów prawnych. Nawet jeśli Prawa są traktowane jako bardzo ogólne zalecenia etyczne, powodują raczej zamieszanie i rodzą nierozwiązywalne problemy niż dają jakiekolwiek realne wytyczne. Autorzy podejrzewają, że odwołanie się do nich było wyrazem przywiązania PE do starego androidalnego paradygmatu robotyki, przyjętego kilkadziesiąt lat temu i wciąż silnie obecnego w kulturze popularnej.
O prawie medycznym i pojęciach o proweniencji medycznej w systemie prawa
Authors: Adam Górski  
Published: April 2021

Prawo medyczne jest w doktrynie prawa przedmiotem wielu (prób) definicji. Powodem tego jest oczywiści stopień komplikacji materii, jak również jej względna nowość. Metody definiowania prawa medycznego wywodzą się z różnych przekonań teoretycznoprawnych. Artykuł zwraca uwagę na takie podstawowe problemy, jak określanie zakresu przedmiotowego prawa medycznego, stosunki społeczne nim regulowana oraz teoretycznoprawne podejścia do problemu wyjaśniania systemu prawa
FEATURES OF KIDNEY DAMAGE IN HIV-INFECTED
Authors: Moskalyuk V.D. , Andrushchak M.O. , Sokolenko M.O. , Balanyuk I.V. , Boyko Y.I. 
Published: April 2021

Relevance. In HIV-infected patients, renal disease, which is characterized by severe clinical manifestations, can significantly affect the prognosis of life. Given the growing number of HIV-infected people in the world and the increase in the life expectancy of such patients, an increase in the number of HIV-infected people in need of expensive renal replacement therapy, as well as kidney transplantation, should be expected. But the question of the nature of kidney damage in HIV infection in Ukraine is still insufficiently covered.
The objective of the work is to establish the clinical and laboratory features of kidney damage in HIV infection.
Materials and methods. 292 patients with HIV were examined. Screening for markers of kidney damage (albuminuria/proteinuria) was performed by test systems (using urine strips). The results obtained with the help of test strips were considered as indicative. In the presence of ≥1+ proteinuria in the screening test, which corresponded to a gradation of 30 mg/l, repeated urine analyzes were performed with quantitative determination of protein on a spectrophotometer, separated in time from 3 days to one week. The functional state of the kidneys was assessed by an integrated indicator that characterizes the degree of preservation/loss of mass of active nephrons. The criterion for renal impairment was a decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) <60 ml/min by 1.73 m2. Chronic kidney disease was diagnosed when proteinuria or proteinuria was detected in combination with a decrease in GFR for 3 months or more.
Results. Based on the main markers of renal damage (persistent proteinuria (PU) and glomerular filtration rate <60 ml/min/1.73m2), 48 people were diagnosed with chronic kidney disease, which was often accompanied by dysfunction of these organs. Based on the analysis of complaints, anamnestic data, and clinical symptoms of kidney damage, patients were divided into 2 groups. The first group (n = 31, or 64.6%) - patients with tubulointerstitial, the second group (n = 17, or 35.4%) - patients with glomerular diseases. Increased PU levels are accompanied by significantly significant renal impairment and a more frequent combination with hypertension and hematuria in the absence of significant differences in the frequency of opportunistic diseases.
Conclusions. In HIV-infected kidney damage is most often characterized by their tubulointerstitial lesions. At the same time, glomerular kidney damage, which is much less common, is accompanied by significantly higher levels of HIV RNA.
Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw in patients with bone metastases from solid tumors: analysis of the Istituto Oncologico Veneto case series
Authors: Ahcene-Djaballah Selma , Zovato Stefania , Bacci Christian , Bettini Giordana , Maruzzo Marco , Di Sarra Francesca , Ferrara Alfonso Massimiliano , Brunello Antonella , Guarneri Valentina , Lamberti Evelina , Falci Cristina , Zagonel Vittorina 
Published: April 2021

Treatment of BM bone metastases from solid tumors often includes the use of bone antiresorptive agents (BAA) beside tumor-directed specific treatment. Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a severe side effect caused by BAA. This retrospective study evaluates the incidence of MRONJ in a real-world setting of patients with solid tumors treated with BAA for BM at Istituto Oncologico Veneto (IOV). Data for patients with solid tumors who received BAA for BM between January 2010 and December 2017 at Istituto Oncologico Veneto, Padua, Italy were retrieved from a prospectively maintained database, 1211 patients met the inclusion criteria and received BAA . In addition , we defines the time to onset (TTO) and assess the role of dental prevention.
Oral hygiene and ONJ: a proposal of protocol
Authors: Boffano Paolo , Agnone Anna Maria , Cavarra Francesco , Melle Andrea , Gerardo Tricarico , Rocchetti Vincenzo 
Published: April 2021

Oral hygiene seems to be crucial to minimise their risk of ONJ.

Oral hygiene was suggested as effective ONJ prevention in the literature. Attention regarding brushing, interdental cleaning and other oral hygiene techniques has been stressed. Furthermore, the prescription of high fluoride toothpaste for those patients with increased caries risk has been suggested.

Oral hygiene habits may also play an important role, thus creating a potential bias in oral health studies.

However, there does not seem to be plenty of studies in the literature explaining a precise protocol about a professional oral hygiene program that could be applied to cancer patients that are at risk for developing ONJ.

Therefore, the aim of the present communication was to present and discuss our protocol for the management of oral hygiene in cancer patients that are going to start an antiresorptive therapy or that have already started it, in order to lower the risk for ONJ.
The use of platelet rich plasma in the management of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws: a cohort study
Authors: Ricotta Francesco , Del Principe Carlotta , Ferri Agnese , Bolognesi Federico , Arcangeli Giovanni Leandro , Parrulli Roberto , Felice Pietro , Marchetti Claudio 
Published: April 2021

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is an adverse drug reaction that occurs in a very different ways and affects patients with complex medical histories.

The objective of this study is to evaluate the prognosis of surgically treated drug-related osteonecrotic lesions and to verify whether the platelet concentrates used during the surgical procedure can improve the prognosis.

The study was performed by analyzing a sample of 64 patients with medication-related osteonecrosis of the maxillary bones, in which 79 lesions were diagnosed and surgically treated at the S. Orsola-Malpighi Polyclinic in Bologna.

The lesions treated with PRP showed a lower tendency to relapse compared to its non-use, the probability of recurrence.

In conclusion, this study demonstrates that treatment with PRP may have positive effects in the therapy of Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (MRONJ).
A SINGLE REFERENCE CENTER, 2 YEARS RETROSPECTIVE STUDY ON THE RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH ANTI-RESORPTIVE MEDICATION-RELATED OSTEONECROSIS OF THE JAWS IN OSTEOPOROTIC AND ONCOLOGICAL PATIENTS
Authors: Pignatelli Pamela , Podda Gian Marco , Pergolini Daniele , Rocchetti Federica , Romeo Umberto , Tenore Gianluca , Gaglioti Domenico 
Published: April 2021

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (MRONJ) has multiple exogenous and endogenous risk factors. The risk of MRONJ associated with anti-resorptive drugs (Bisphosphonates and Denosumab) was reviewed in oncological and osteoporotic patients referred to the Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome (Italy), since January 2019 to January 2021. The incidence of MRONJ was analyzed according to local (dental extraction), systemic risk factors (diabetes, steroid, ecc), medication type, and drug treatment duration. The intake of Zolendronate was strongly associated with osteonecrosis of the jaws in oncological patients and the risk of MRONJ was higher in patients with metastases regardless of the type of anti-resorptive therapy. The use of Bisphosphonates and Denosumab was very common in the treatment of osteoporosis, up to 42.4% of the patients, and the incidence of MRONJ was higher than previously reported. It was possible to prevent the occurrence of MRONJ after oral surgery due to medical prophylaxis, non-traumatic surgical procedures, and photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT).
Bilateral ONJ in a patient affected by metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma.
Authors: Boffano Paolo , Agnone Anna Maria , Cavarra Francesco , Melle Andrea , Rocchetti Vincenzo , Gerardo Tricarico 
Published: April 2021

We present the diagnosis and management of a case of bilateral ONJ of the mandible in a patient that had been taking zoledronic acid treatment for 7 years following a diagnosis of metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma.

The patient was referred to our Division by his dental practitioner, that had performed the extraction of the left lower first molar six months before. In the first months after the extraction the patient did not reported any symptom and he started to use a mandibular removable prosthesis.

About 5 months following the extraction, the patient started to complain of pain in correspondence of the left body region. He had performed a panoramic radiograph and a CT scan showing a possible initial stage of mandibular ONJ bilaterally, with a predominance in the left mandibular body in the post-extraction socket.

Therefore, a curettage of the left mandibular body was decided. Postoperative course was uneventful.

Twelve months later, the patient complained of pain in the right mandibular region and in correspondence of the residual right lower third molar. A panoramic radiograph confirmed the extension of mandibular right ONJ. A curettage of the right mandibular body, together with the removal of the right lower third molar, was performed, with a following uneventful postoperative course.

Two years later, the patient complained of pain in the left mandibular region in correspondence of the residual left lower second premolar. A panoramic radiograph confirmed the extension of mandibular left ONJ with involvement of the root of the aforementioned premolar. A curettage of the right mandibular body, together with the removal of the left lower second premolar, was performed, with a following uneventful postoperative course. Three years later, a complete healing was obtained.
OXIDIZED CELLULOSE WRAP IN SECONDARY INTENTION HEALING OF THE ORAL MUCOSA IN THE TREATMENT OF ONJ
Authors: Caruso Davide , Ferragina Francesco , Barca Ida , Giofrè Elio , Kallaverja Elvis , Sorrentino Alfonso , Antonelli Alessandro , Cristofaro Maria Giulia 
Published: April 2021

Osteonecrosis of the jaws (ONJ) due to the use of bisphosphonate drugs is a particularly complex condition. The mechanisms through which this pathology develops are manifold. To date, the management of ONJ is controversial.

This study analyzed out-patients with documented ONJ treated in Oral and maxillofacial surgery Unit of University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro.

A total of 11 patients, 8 women and 3 men, were enrolled. The inclusion criteria were: (1) refusal to surgical treatment with flaps; (2) absence of antiplatelet therapy which would also make it impossible to prepare gel from platelet-rich plasma (PRP) or similar; (3) absence of antiblastic therapy in the healing phase. Each case was staged according to the classification of the Italian Societies of Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery (SICMF-SIPMO classification): a clinical-radiological bone involvement.

The following data were recorded: clinical data, comorbidities and concomitant drugs, antibiotic drugs used, type of treatment adopted, clinical mucosal healing time.

Each patient underwent antibiotic protocol prior to surgery. Endpoint with surgery was: complete removal of necrotic tissues, packaging of a “re-epithelialization trench” (RET) and apposition of a compress of oxidized cellulose inside this RET. 100% of the patients endured the post-surgery very well, 10 out of 11 (90,91%) patients had excellent healing by secondary intention of the surgical wound. Only one patient (9.09%) had prolonged bone exposure; he subsequently resumed antiblastic therapy and was therefore excluded from work.

The results indicate how the use of an oxidized cellulose pack associated with the correct packaging of a re-epithelialization site can guarantee satisfactory post-operative comfort and rapid wound healing. Radiological follow-up was performed at one year. It confirmed the correct healing of the site (clinical and radiological healing).
OSTEONECROSIS OF JAW (ONJ) IN PATIENTS WITH OSTEOPOROSIS AND OTHER NON-MALIGNANT DISEASES IN PIEDMONT AND AOSTA VALLEY 2004-2018
Authors: Gambino Alessio , Cabras Marco , Erovigni Francesco Maria , Dell'Acqua Alessandro , Della Ferrera Francesco , Appendino Paolo , Franchi Stefano , Caka Majlinda , Fasciolo Antonella , Migliario Mario , Ramieri Guglielmo , Garzino Demo Paolo , Pentenero Monica , Giordano Lia , Carossa Massimo , Arduino Paolo Giacomo , Fusco Vittorio 
Published: April 2021

Osteonecrosis of the Jaws (ONJ) related to bisphosphonates (BPs) or denosumab is a concern for osteoporosis and Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) patients. In a context of increasing prescription rate of BPs and denosumab amid those patients in the last decade, incidence and/or prevalence of ONJ in these categories of patients remain uncertain, with lack of solid epidemiologic data from observational studies. As an almost unique experience, the present work provides a multicenter, retrospective overview of ONJ in non malignant disease patients over a timespan of 15 years (Jan 1st 2004 - Dec 31st, 2018) from the oral care centers of Piedmont and Valle d’Aosta. In detail, data from 165 patients (8 M, 157 F) were acquired. Mean age was of 74 (38-91) years, with more than half (64.2%) of patients diagnosed with ONJ between 70 and 89 years. Underlying diseases were osteoporosis (80%), RA (5.4%), osteoporosis and RA (3.6%), other bone disorders (11%). Treatment administered were alendronate (51.8%), ibandronate (12.3%), zoledronic acid (6.8%), others (29.1%). Concerning the latter, since 2014, 7 cases were related to denosumab (60 mg every 6 months), of which 5 to denosumab alone, 2 in patients switched from BPs to denosumab. Sites of ONJ were mandible (67%), maxilla (25%), mandible and maxilla (7%). Finally, an overall rise of ONJ occurrence was observed, with a median of 7 (2-13) yearly ONJ cases in the 2004-2010 period, gone up to 11.5 (6-24) yearly ONJ events in the 2011-2018 period. Such worrisome trend underlines the importance of eventual prevention measures and recurring assessment of oral health to reduce ONJ risk in non-malignant disease patients.
Assessing the Usefulness of Instant Feedback and the Hawthorne Effect: An Audit of Time Indexes of Ems Missions in Tehran
Authors: Saberian Peyman , Mousaeinezhad Negin , Hasani-Sharamin Parisa , Mohammadi Hasan , Jamshididana Mahnaz , Baratloo Alireza 
Published: April 2021

Introduction It has been well established that if a person is aware that they are being monitored their commitment and effort will be maximised (the Hawthorne effect), which then leads to efficiency increase and optimal workflow. Objective Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy of instant feedback and the Hawthorne effect of this intervention on pre-hospital time indexes during emergency medical service (EMS) missions. Methods This is a cross-sectional auditing study on the missions of the Tehran EMS Center (performed over a 12-month period) in three phases: pre-intervention, instant feedback, and monitoring without feedback. The measured time indexes were the different parts of mission times. To collect data, a pre-prepared checklist was set up. For the first phase, data were extracted from the database of the Tehran EMS Center. In the second and third phases, the data were entered into the relevant forms for each mission by the researcher and executive colleagues. Results The data of 229,847 missions were analysed. In the instant feedback phase, compared to the pre-intervention phase, the mean activation time, response time, scene time, transfer time and hospital delay time were decreased. When we compared the mean time indexes in the monitoring phase compared to the instant feedback phase, we saw that the average activation time, response time and transfer time were increased but they were still less than that in the pre-intervention phase. However, the scene time and hospital delay time were not changed compared to the instant feedback phase but were lower than that in the pre-intervention phase. Conclusion Auditing was effective in reducing the total time of missions and this effect was largely maintained in the monitoring phase under the Hawthorne effect.
New alkaloids from Ocotea duckei vattimo (Lauraceae)
Authors: Peixoto Laisla Rangel , Tavares Josean Fechine , Nascimento Yuri Mangueira do , Souto Augusto Lopes , Braz Filho Raimundo , Souza Fabio Santos de , Barbosa Filho José Maria 
Published: April 2021

Ocotea duckei Vattimo, popularly known as “louro-de-cheiro”, “louro-pimenta”, and “louro-canela” is a member of the Lauraceae family found in the Northeast region of Brazil. It is popularly used to treat neuralgia, dyspepsia, anorexia and pain. This current study aimed to promote the isolation and the identification / determination of new secondary metabolites of the species O. duckei Vattimo. In order to obtain the vegetable drug of O. duckei, its stem barks were harvested and submitted to a drying process followed by pulverization. The Crude Ethanolic Extract (BSE), obtained from the vegetable drug, was then subjected to an alkaloid extraction protocol in order to generate its Total Alkaloid Fraction (TAF). The isolation and identification of chemical compounds were carried out by chromatographic and spectroscopic methods respectively. The chemical investigation of O. duckei resulted in the isolation of three compounds: Ocoteaduccin A (OD-1, 0.020 g), Ocoteaduccin B (OD-2, 0.015 g), and N-methylcoclaurine (OD-3, 0.008 g). O. duckei proved to be a promising species, due to the variety of isolated chemical compounds. Further chemical, pharmacological and toxicological studies must be conducted in order to improve the phytochemical knowledge about this plant.