bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathological coagulation parameters in as many as 54 patients with autoimmune acquired factor XIII deficiency due to anti–factor XIII autoantibodies
Authors: Ichinose Akitada , Osaki Tsukasa , Souri Masayoshi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroductionAutoimmune factor XIII (FXIII) deficiency (AiF13D) due to anti‐FXIII autoantibodies is an extremely rare, life‐threatening bleeding disorder that mostly occurs in the elderly. The number of patients diagnosed with AiF13D has been increasing in Japan, probably because of the nationwide survey on AiF13D supported by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare.AimTo explore the pathologic characteristics of coagulation parameters in AiF13D.MethodsAiF13D‐suspected cases were consulted, and underwent unified/integrated coagulation screening and were definitively diagnosed as AiF13D separately.ResultsAiF13D patients had lower FXIII antigen levels than non‐AiF13D patients, but their values overlapped. Among a series of 22‐item screening tests and their resulting parameters, the ‘FXIII inhibitory potential’ yielded by a 1:1 mixing test of the patient's and healthy control's plasma and its ‘residual FXIII activity’ in 54 AiF13D cases were most distinguishable from 139 non‐AiF13D cases, followed by FXIII activity per se and FXIII‐specific activity. While the cross‐linked α2‐plasmin inhibitor level reduced, the levels of D‐dimer, fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products and plasmin‐plasmin inhibitor complex increased, probably because the patients’ haematoma nonspecifically induced secondary fibrinolysis in both AiF13D and non‐AiF13D patients.ConclusionAiF13D appears to induce a hypocoagulopathy combined with a hyper‐fibrinolytic state secondary to severe FXIII deficiency caused by anti‐FXIII autoantibodies, and the consequent bleeding further modifies its pathological conditions. In addition, the 1:1 mixing test of FXIII activity was confirmed to be a reliable screening method for AiF13D, especially when its derivative parameter, such as the ‘FXIII inhibitory potential’ or ‘FXIII inhibitory potential ratio’, is employed.
Oral multivalent epitope vaccine, based on UreB, HpaA, CAT, and LTB, for prevention and treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection in C57BL / 6 mice
Authors: Xie Wenwei , Zhao Wenfeng , Zou Ziling , Kong Lingyi , Yang Lei 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundAs the resistance of Helicobacter pylori to traditional triple therapy is gradually revealed, an increasing number of people are focusing on vaccine treatments for H. pylori infection. Epitope vaccines are a promising strategy for the treatment of H. pylori infection, and multivalent vaccines will be more effective than monovalent vaccines.Materials and methodsIn this study, we designed a multivalent vaccine named LHUC, which consists of the adjuvant LTB as well as three Th cell epitopes (HpaA154‐171, UreB237‐251, and UreB546‐561) and five B‐cell epitopes (UreB349‐363, UreB327‐334, CAT394‐405, CAT387‐397, and HpaA132‐141) from UreB, HpaA, and catalase. In BALB/c mice, the specificity and immunogenicity of the fusion peptide LHUC and the neutralization of H. pylori urease and catalase by the specific IgG elicited by LHUC were evaluated. The preventive and therapeutic effects of LHUC were evaluated in C57BL/6 mice infected with H. pylori.ResultsThe results showed that compared with LTB and PBS, LHUC induced specific IgG and IgA antibody production in mice, and IgG antibodies significantly inhibited the H. pylori urease and catalase activities in vitro. Additionally, by detecting the levels of IFN‐γ, IL‐4, and IL‐17 in lymphocyte supernatants, we proved that LHUC could activate Th1, Th2, and Th17 mixed T‐cell immune responses in vivo. Finally, a C57BL/6 mouse model of gastric infection with H. pylori was established. The results showed that compared with the effects of LTB and PBS, the prevention and treatment effects of oral inoculation with LHUC significantly inhibited bacterial colonization.ConclusionsIn conclusion, LHUC, a multivalent vaccine based on multiple H. pylori antigens, is a promising and safe vaccine that can effectively reduce the colonization of H. pylori in the stomach.
Meta‐analysis of the effect of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors on hepatic fibrosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Song Tiantian , Chen Shuchun , Zhao Hang , Wang Fei , Song Huan , Tian Dongliang , Yang Qiwen , Qi Licui 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimThis study aimed to analyze the effects of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors on the indexes of liver fibrosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease, and also to observe the effects on liver enzymes and liver fat.MethodsThis meta‐analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 statistical software.ResultsSGLT2 inhibitors could significantly reduce the level of hepatic fibrosis index: fibrosis‐4 (mean difference [MD] 0.25, 95% CI −0.39 to −0.11, p = 0.0007); serum type Ⅳ collagen 7s (MD 0.32, 95% CI −0.59 to −0.04, p = 0.02); and ferritin (MD 26.7, 95% CI 50.64, 2.76, p = 0.03). SGLT2 inhibitors could significantly reduce the level of liver enzymes: alanine aminotransferase (MD 3.49, 95% CI −5.1 to 1.58, p < 0.0001); aspartate aminotransferase (MD 3.64, 95% CI −5.10 to −2.18, p < 0.00001); and glutamate aminotransferase (MD 7.13, 95% CI −12.95 to −1.32, p = 0.02). SGLT2 inhibitors could significantly reduce the level of liver fat: liver‐to‐spleen attenuation ratio (MD 0.16, 95% CI 0.10–0.22, p < 0.00001); magnetic resonance imaging proton density fat fraction (MD 1.97, 95% CI −3.49 to −0.45, p = 0.01); liver controlled attenuation parameter (MD 0.29, 95% CI −26.95 to −13.64, p < 0.00001); liver fat score (MD 0.55, 95% CI 1.04 to −0.05, p = 0.03); and liver fat index (MD 11.21, 95% CI −16.53 to −5.89, p < 0.0001).ConclusionSGLT2 inhibitors could improve liver fibrosis, liver enzymes, liver fat, and metabolic indexes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Racial and socioeconomic disparities in the efficacy of a family‐based treatment programme for paediatric obesity
Authors: Davison Genevieve M. , Fowler Lauren A. , Ramel Melissa , Stein Richard I. , Conlon Rachel P.K. , Saelens Brian E. , Welch R. Robinson , Perri Michael G. , Epstein Leonard H. , Wilfley Denise E. 
Published: April 2021

SummaryBackgroundFamily‐based behavioural weight loss treatment (FBT) is an evidence‐based intervention for paediatric overweight/obesity (OV/OB), but little research has examined the relative efficacy of FBT across socioeconomic status (SES), and racial groups.MethodA total of 172 youth (7‐11 years; 61.6% female; 70.1% White, 15.7% Black; child percent OV = 64.2 ± 25.2; 14.5% low‐income) completed 4 months of FBT and 8 months of additional intervention (either active social facilitation‐based weight management or an education control condition). Parents reported family income, social status (Barratt simplified measure of social status) and child race at baseline. Household income was dichotomized into < or >50% of the area median family income. Race was classified into White, Black or other/multi‐race. Treatment efficacy was assessed by change in child % OV (BMI % above median BMI for age and sex) and change in child BMI % of 95th percentile (BMI % of the 95th percentile of weight for age and sex). Latent change score models examined differences in weight change between 0 and 4 months, 4 and 12 months and 0 and 12 months by income, social status and race.ResultsBlack children had, on average, less weight loss by 4 months compared to White children. Low‐income was associated with less weight loss at 4 months when assessed independent of race. No differences by race, social status or income were detected from 4 to 12‐months or from 0 to 12 months.ConclusionsFBT is effective at producing child weight loss across different SES and racial groups, but more work is needed to understand observed differences in initial efficacy and optimize treatment across all groups.
What Explains Differences in Finance Research Productivity during the Pandemic?
Authors: BARBER BRAD M. , JIANG WEI , MORSE ADAIR , PURI MANJU , TOOKES HEATHER , WERNER INGRID M. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTBased on a survey of American Finance Association members, we analyze how demographics, time allocation, production mechanisms, and institutional factors affect research production during the pandemic. Consistent with the literature, research productivity falls more for women and faculty with young children. Independently, and novel, extra time spent on teaching (much more likely for women) negatively affects research productivity. Also novel, concerns about feedback, isolation, and health have large negative research effects, which disproportionately affect junior faculty and PhD students. Finally, faculty who express greater concerns about employers’ finances report larger negative research effects and more concerns about feedback, isolation, and health.
The role of social meaning in contact‐induced variation among new speakers of Basque
Authors: Rodríguez‐Ordóñez Itxaso 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study examines the variable use and the social meaning of a contact‐induced phenomenon in Basque, Differential Object Marking, to explain the emergence of new variation in a minoritized language situation. The spontaneous speech of 77 Basque–Spanish bilinguals was analyzed and compared to the perception results obtained from a matched‐guise experiment. I situate this analysis using emergent participant self‐identification categories that lie along a continuum of Basque speaker authenticity. Production results show that DOM use increases according to a speaker's self‐ascribed authenticity, but the matched‐guise analyses indicate that some DOM uses may undermine the speaker's perceived authenticity. I discuss the ideological multiplicity of DOM within its semiotic landscape and consider practice‐based approaches to variation in explaining this paradox. The evidence lends support for social meaning‐based accounts of variation that also consider speakerhood as an agentive process, and it additionally challenges models that directly correlate language use to acts of identity.
Nursing Home Adaptation in Visually Impaired Older Adults Using a Narrative Approach1,2
Authors: Toyoshima Aya 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study used a narrative approach to examine the difficulties that older visually impaired people experience when adapting to life in a nursing home. The interview data were collected from one blind aged person (n = 1), focusing on the adaptation process from moving into the nursing home to the present and maintaining context of narrative that included the life history. Subcategories were extracted based on a framework of temporal coherence, causal coherence, thematic coherence, and situational coherence. This study revealed three factors related to adaptation to life in a nursing home for a visually impaired person, including psychological adaptation: becoming accustomed to life in the facility after changes in the living environment, having gratitude and maintaining “moderating human relationships,” and participating in activities connected to one's purpose in life. He was able to psychologically adapt and came to accept his death through an awareness of aging.
Self‐Regulation, Co‐Regulation, and Socially Shared Regulation of Motivation for Collaborative Activity: Comparison Between University Students and Working Adults1
Authors: Ito Takamichi , Umemoto Takatoyo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSelf‐regulated learning theory assumes that self‐regulated learning appears as a socially shared phenomenon with collaborative processes, but there is little research focused on self‐regulation, co‐regulation, and socially shared regulation of “motivation for collaborative activity.” This study aimed to examine how previous performance level and motivational antecedent factors (i.e., self‐efficacy, task values) influence the three modes of regulation of intrinsic motivation, by comparing university students with working adults. Participants—397 university students and 380 working adults—completed questionnaires. Multigroup structural equation modeling revealed that previous performance level, self‐efficacy, and utility value positively predicted the three modes of regulation in both groups. In addition, previous performance level positively influenced self‐efficacy and task values. Interest value, which refers to the belief about interest in the task, positively predicted all three modes of regulation in working adults. In addition, the path coefficient of previous performance level to self‐regulation in university students was significantly higher than in working adults. We discuss possible reasons for the significant differences in regulation of motivation for collaborative activity between university students and working adults.
Longitudinal qualitative research in medical education: Time to conceptualise time
Authors: Balmer Dorene F. , Varpio Lara , Bennett Deirdre , Teunissen Pim W. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractContextLongitudinal qualitative research is an approach to research that entails generating qualitative data with the same participants over extended periods of time to understand their lived experiences as those experiences unfold. Knowing about dynamic lived experiences in medical education, that is, learning journeys with stops and starts, detours, transitions and reversals, enriches understanding of events and accomplishments along the way. The purpose of this paper is to create access points to longitudinal qualitative research in support of increasing its use in medical education.MethodsThe authors explore and argue for different conceptualisations of time: analysing lived experiences through time versus analysing lived experiences cross‐sectional or via 2‐point follow‐up studies and considering time as subjective and fluid as well as objective and fixed. They introduce applications of longitudinal qualitative research from several academic domains: investigating development and formal education; building longitudinal research relationship; and exploring interconnections between individual journeys and social structures. They provide an illustrative overview of longitudinal qualitative research in medical education, and end with practical advice, or pearls, for medical education investigators interested in using this research approach: collecting data recursively; analysing longitudinal data in three strands; addressing mutual reflexivity; using theory to illuminate time; and making a long‐term commitment to longitudinal qualitative research.ConclusionsLongitudinal qualitative research stretches investigators to think differently about time and undertake more complex analyses to understand dynamic lived experiences. Research in medical education will likely be impoverished if the focus remains on time as fixed. Seeing things qualitatively through time, where time is fluid and the past, present and future interpenetrate, produces a rich understanding that can move the field forward.
Cardiovascular safety of naltrexone and bupropion therapy: Systematic review and meta‐analyses
Authors: Sposito Andrei C. , Bonilha Isabella , Luchiari Beatriz , Benchimol Alexander , Hohl Alexandre , Moura Fabio , Cercato Cíntia , Geloneze Bruno , Nadruz Wilson , Aguilar‐Salinas Carlos , Carvalho Luiz Sergio F. 
Published: April 2021

SummaryDespite being approved for clinical use, evidence of cardiovascular safety (CV) is lacking for treatment with bupropion, naltrexone, or their combination (B‐N). The purpose of the study is to determine the relationship between these treatments and the risk of major cardiovascular adverse events (MACE). Phase 3 randomized clinical trials (RCT) evaluating bupropion, naltrexone, or B‐N versus control with reported incidence of MACE. The meta‐analysis included 12 RCTs, 69% for weight loss and 29% for smoking cessation, with 19,176 patients and 7354 patient‐years who were randomized to an active treatment (bupropion [n = 2965] or B‐N [n = 6980] or naltrexone [n = 249]) versus control (placebo [n = 6968] or nicotine patch [n = 2014]). The mean age was 54 ± 8 years (55% female), and the baseline BMI was 32 ± 5 kg/m2. The additive network meta‐analysis model for random effects showed no association between bupropion, B‐N, or naltrexone and MACE (odds ratio [OR] = 0.90 [95%CI 0.65–1.25], p = 0.52; OR = 0.97 [95%CI 0.75–1.24], p = 0.79; OR = 1.08 [95%CI 0.71–1.63], p = 0.73, respectively; I2 = 0%, p = 0.86). Meta‐regression analyses showed no significant association between MACE and potential confounders from RCT demographic disparities (p = 0.58). The statistical power (post hoc two‐tailed) for non‐inferiority was 91%, giving a strong probability of validity. Naltrexone, bupropion, or B‐N is not associated with the incidence of MACE as compared with placebo.
Beyond government size: Types of government intervention and corruption
Authors: Bel Germà 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEvidence on the relationship between government size and corruption is mixed, and might be misleading, as government size is usually measured by fiscal size. The core hypothesis in this research is that the type of government intervention in the economy – rather than the size of government – is a key explanatory factor for corruption. The empirical analysis disentangles the effects of the two main government tools for intervention: fiscal and regulatory. The main result is that fiscal burden does not present any significant relationship with corruption. In contrast, a consistent and significant positive association is found between regulatory burden and corruption. Furthermore, legal origins and democratic experience contribute to explaining differences in corruption. [Correction added on 22 April 2021, after first online publication: In the Abstract, the word ‘quality’ has been replaced with ‘burden’.]
Exploring the Victimization of Syrian Refugees through the Human Security Model: An Ethnographic Approach
Authors: Akgul Arif , Gurer Cuneyt , Aydin Hasan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the human security aspect of the Syrian refugee crisis and to analyse the vulnerability and victimization of Syrian refugees in Turkey. Among the several categories within the human security model (i.e. economic, food, health, environmental, personal, community, and political) as conceptualized by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the study analysed the personal (i.e. individual) security of Syrian refugees in Turkey. A qualitative research design was employed with an applied ethnographic approach which included semi‐structured interviews, observations, document analysis, and field notes. Five main themes were identified regarding the personal security of Syrians: violence, homelessness, prostitution and early marriage, child labour, and deadly journeys. The results of the study indicate that Syrian refugees are exposed to several human insecurity parameters at the individual level, which are largely neglected by the Turkish state. Consequently, Turkey’s failure to promote the human security of the Syrian refugees contributes to their forced migration to Western countries, where ‘freedom from fear’, ‘freedom from want’, and ‘freedom from indignity’ are relatively assured.
Beyond trigger warnings: Toward a trauma‐informed andragogy for the graduate theological classroom*
Authors: Davidson Jennifer W. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAlthough development of trauma‐informed pedagogy for elementary and secondary classrooms has developed significantly, a dearth of resources for trauma‐informed andragogy in graduate theological classrooms remains. Theological classrooms are a unique context in which many students and professors carry experiences of trauma with them. This article makes the case for the need for a trauma‐informed andragogical model for the graduate theological classroom by: discussing the pervasiveness of trauma; providing definitions of key terms that need to be understood for elaborating a trauma‐informed andragogy; recommending trauma‐informed principles for course design and class‐session planning based in safety, trust, choice, collaboration, and empowerment; and identifying a few next steps for cultivating trauma‐informed classrooms and institutions at the graduate level.
Los museos como herramienta de activación del patrimonio portuario de la localidad de Ingeniero White (Argentina)
Authors: Leonardi Viviana , Elías Silvina , Audino Patricia 
Published: April 2021

A partir de la incorporación definitiva de la Argentina a la división internacional del trabajo hacia 1880, el capital británico ocupará un lugar destacado en la creación de una extensa red ferroviaria. En este contexto, Ingeniero White, fundado como localidad portuaria, está íntimamente ligada a la empresa de capitales británicos del Ferrocarril del Sud, que en septiembre de 1885 habilitó un muelle de hierro al cual llegaban las vías del ferrocarril. También recibió el primer contingente de inmigrantes en 1911, cuando se intentaba encauzar su localización en el interior del país. Este proceso de desarrollo posibilitó que el puerto de Bahía Blanca y la localidad de Ingeniero White presenten una diversidad de componentes culturales de significancia histórica para la sociedad local.
Sin embargo, el avance de una dinámica apática patrimonial por parte de actores políticos y económicos (Pinassi, 2018) ha derivado en un proceso de degradación que activó reclamos y proyectos que aspiran a preservar este patrimonio cultural asociado a la actividad ferroportuaria. Por ello, a fin de preservar el patrimonio, y de contrarrestar aquellos acontecimientos que lo pusieron en peligro, en el año 1987, por iniciativa de un grupo de vecinos, se crea el Museo del Puerto, primer museo portuario de la localidad de Ingeniero White. Posteriormente, en el año 2003 nace Ferrowhite, instalado en el edificio que fuera taller de la usina General San Martín.
Este trabajo pretende analizar el rol que cumplen los museos de la localidad de Ingeniero White en la preservación del patrimonio portuario. Para ello, se examinarán las diferentes estrategias que llevan a cabo dichos museos a los fines de posibilitar la puesta en escena del testimonio histórico de cada bien cultural, sensibilizando la opinión pública, contribuyendo a la educación cultural de la comunidad local y al fortalecimiento de la identidad.
CenterTrack3D: Improved CenterTrack More Suitable for Three-Dimensional Objects
Authors: Gu Lipeng , Sun Shaoyuan , Liu Xunhua , Li Xiang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Compared with two-dimensional (2D) multi-object tracking (MOT) algorithms, three-dimensional (3D) multi-object tracking algorithms have more research significance and broad application prospects in the unmanned vehicles research field. Aiming at the problem of 3D multi-object detection and tracking, in this paper, the multi-object tracker CenterTrack, which focuses on 2D multi-object tracking task while ignoring object 3D information, is improved mainly from two aspects of detection and tracking, and the improved network is called CenterTrack3D. In terms of detection, CenterTrack3D uses the idea of attention mechanism to optimize the way that the previous-frame image and the heatmap of previous-frame tracklets are added to the current-frame image as input, and second convolutional layer of the hm output head is replaced by dynamic convolution layer, which further improves the ability to detect occluded objects. In terms of tracking, a cascaded data association algorithm based on 3D Kalman filter is proposed to make full use of the 3D information of objects in the image and increase the robustness of the 3D multi-object tracker. The experimental results show that, compared with the original CenterTrack and the existing 3D multi-object tracking methods, CenterTrack3D achieves 88.75% MOTA for cars and 59.40% MOTA for pedestrians and is very competitive on the KITTI tracking benchmark test set.