bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal and mechanical properties of polyethylene-starch based film incorporated with crude palm oil
Authors: Karim S F A , Jai J , Hamid K H K , Norhisam F N 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe present study reports the changes in thermal degradation, thermal properties, and mechanical performance of polyethylene (PE) - thermoplastic starch (TPS) based film incorporated with crude palm oil (CPO) as a plasticizer. The films were prepared using the melt-blending and hot-press technique. Then, it was characterized using a Thermogravimetric analyzer, Differential Scanning Calorimetry, and Universal Testing machine to determine the film’s thermal degradation, thermal properties, and mechanical properties. TPS in PE film had reduced the thermal stability; however, CPO gives small changes to it. The amorphous phase of TPS reduced PE film’s crystallinity. Besides, CPO provided a lubricating effect and improved the crystallinity of PE/TPS film. Unfortunately, the tensile strength and elongation at break keep decreased with an increase of CPO content. The thermal decomposition and kinetic analysis using a thermogravimetric analyzer on one film (PE/TPS/CPO) at three different heating rates (7.5, 10.0, and 12.5°C/min)were investigated. Friedman isoconversional model-free method was used to calculate the activation energy of the film. The thermal decomposition of materials in the film increased with the increasing heating rate, and the average computed activation energy obtained was 364.68kj/mol.
Effects of CO2 binary mixtures on pipeline performance for Carbon Capture and Storage
Authors: Daud N K 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Captured CO2 from the manufacturing industries and power generation sources are not pure and may contain usually some amount of impure components, which affect the flow dynamics of the CO2 in the pipelines. Major component of impurities includes N2, H2, H2S, O2, Ar etc., depending on the capture technology used for the removal of CO2 [1]. To design efficient CO2 pipeline transportation systems, it is imperative to understand the effect of these impure components on the flow behaviour. The simulation of the effect of CO2 binary mixture on pipeline performance is carried out in this study. The steady-state flow in pipeline is described by a set of parabolic mass, momentum and energy conservation equations. To solve the set of equations subject to the boundary and the inlet conditions of the pipeline, the nonlinear algebraic solver library DNSQE in Fortran is used to study the behaviour of 90 vol % CO2, and 10 vol % single impure component (N2, H2, H2S, O2 and Ar). The pertinent fluid properties are calculated using the Peng-Robinson (PR) equation of state. The presence of impure components changed the properties of the flowing fluid. From the results, H2 shows the most significant impact on the performance of CO2 pipeline as the highest pressure drop has smaller density and greater flow velocity against other CO2 streams. The results also show that Ar had the mildest effect followed by O2, N2 and CO. In the case of H2S, the flow parameters are found to be nearly identical to those for pure CO2.
Response surface methodology optimization and kinetics study for anthracene adsorption onto MIL-88(Fe) and NH2-MIL-88(Fe) metal-organic frameworks
Authors: Zango Z U , Ramli A , Jumbri K , Sambudi N S , Isiyaka H A , Abu Bakar N H H , Saad B 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The experimental adsorption of Anthracene (ANT), a model polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) was optimized using central composite design (CCD) of response surface methodology (RSM). MIL-88(Fe) and NH2-MIL-88(Fe) Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) were employed as the potential adsorbents. The model was described as the significant according to the analysis of variance (ANOVA) for the statistical fittings of R2 (0.991 and 0.992), and adequate precision (43.55 and 47.82) with the lack of fit F-values (2.15 and 1.59) for the MIL-88(Fe) and NH2-MIL-88(Fe) respectively. The highest adsorption efficiency achieved were 99.55 and 95.67% for the MIL-88(Fe) and NH2-MIL-88(Fe) respectively based on the RSM optimized conditions. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model has been described as the best mechanism for the adsorption process.
Effect of Molding Cure Time on High Density Quad-Flat-No Lead Sawn Package
Authors: Jalal S N S , Ansari M N M , Atiqah A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Quad Flat No Lead (QFN) is part of an integrated circuit (IC) products that required wire bonding and molding as part of its packaging process. There are many types of QFN packages thickness available in the market and 0.75 mm thickness is one of the highest in demand. The wireless (WLSS) QFN package was used in this research for the mobility of electronics devices especially for wireless technology such as mobile phone and laptop. The objective of this paper is to study the effect of molding cure time at 100 and 130 s of WLSS QFN package. Besides, two variations of package size of 2.5 mm x 2.5 mm and 7.0 mm x 7.0 mm were undergoing each process in QFN packaging stages to adhere to the real manufacturing environment. For characterization, 4 types of QFN package were examined for its moldability through C-CSAM, reliability and electrical test were also carried out according to the Joint Electron Device Engineering Council (JEDEC) requirements. From the result, it was found that the optimum molding cure time is 100 s is suitable for molding the WLSS QFN package. This new curing temperature can be can increase productivity for about 8% for QFN packaging.
Slow pyrolysis of Durio zibethinus rind and the influence of carbonization temperature on biochar properties
Authors: Selvarajoo A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Due to rapid development in some countries that puts increasing urgency on the global community to replace non-renewable resources, Interest in harnessing energy from other sources like biomass has grown immensely in recent years. Biomass can be converted to energy through thermo-chemical and biological conversion routes. Pyrolysis is one the thermo-chemical methods to transform biomass into useable fuels. Pyrolysis conducted without the presence of oxygen at high temperatures results in the production of biochar, bio-oil and gases. The aim of this work was to perform pyrolysis experiments for durian rinds with the emphasis on the characterization of the rinds and their biochars. The pyrolysis of durian rinds was performed in a horizontal tubular reactor at temperatures ranging from 300 to 700 °C. The effects of temperature together with holding time on the yield of biochar and heating value were investigated. It was found that the pyrolysis operating temperature had a significant effect on the yield of biochar, heating value and elemental composition of the biochar. Increment of pyrolysis temperature from 300 to 700 °C, showed a decrease in the total biochar yield, while the heating value increased. The optimum temperature was found at 325 °C with a holding time of two hours. The biochar yield obtained at optimum temperature was 40.8 %wt with a heating value of 28.7 MJ/kg. In conclusion, the results from the pyrolysis showed the durian rinds has potential to be converted into solid biofuel that can be used for energy application.
Modelling the interfacial damage of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite laminate under the low-velocity impact loading
Authors: Meon M S , Saedon J B , Shawal S , Husain H , Othman M F , Rao M N , Schröder K-U 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper presents the performance of three-dimensional Puck failure criteria emphasising on the gradual degradation law to predict the structural responses, as well as the onset and propagation of failure due to different interface modelling technique. The proposed damage model is performed using Abaqus explicit analysis. Four different cohesive models are analysed using three-dimensional finite element model based on low-velocity impact loading. The structural responses are compared with experimental data taken from literature to measure the performance of such damage model. It is found out that the model adopted here responses well with test curves and demonstrates the high capability of predicting the damage in the direction of in-plane as well as out-of-plane in a composite laminate. The simplified model using combination of tie-cohesive layer technique demonstrated the balance performance between the quality of the result as well as calculation time.
Experimental investigation of stability and thermal properties of nanocellulose-water nanofluid
Authors: Harun M A , Sidik N A C , Rohaizan M A M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Nanocellulose defines as cellulosic materials in the nanometer range with at least one dimension. Nanocellulose is classified into three classes which are bacterial nanocellulose (BNC), cellulose nanofibrils (CNF), and cellulose nanocrystalline (CNC). Nanofluids had been widely been used in heat transfer applications because nanofluids are proven to have better thermal conductivity and enhance heat transfer performance compared with base fluid. However, liquid with suspended particles tends to destabilize, and sediments. Therefore, this study will uncover the effect of surfactant on the nanocellulose and its thermophysical properties. CNC with 0.1vol%, 0.5vol%, 0.9vol%, and 1.3vol% and Triton X-100 were used in this experiment. From the sedimentation observation after two weeks, there were no obvious agglomeration and sedimentation of CNC in the samples with surfactant compare with no surfactant. Furthermore, UV–vis spectroscopy analysis showed that samples with Triton X-100 have lower absorbance drop compare with no surfactant. This was due to the steric stabilization achieve for samples using Triton X-100. For thermal conductivity analysis, The highest reading of thermal conductivity was 1.224W/m.K for 0.5vol% at 40°C. Furthermore, the effective thermal conductivity achieves for 0.5vol% at 40°C was 1.301 compared with distilled water.
Treatment of amine wastes generated in industrial processes.
Authors: Salim S. R. S. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Amines such as monoethanolamines (MEA), ethanolamines (EA), diethanolamines (DEA), and N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) are widely used in post combustion CO2 capture process (CCP) at natural gas conditioning plants to remove acid gas impurities. These amines have significant impact to the environment and human health. Therefore, amine wastes generated from CCP must be treated before they are exposed to the environment. This paper reviews some of the available methods to treat amines such as using physical treatments (filters, increase in temperature, polymerization), chemical treatments (SOX and NOX in the flue gas, fly ash, acid solvents), and biological treatments (aerobic degradation and anaerobic degradation by microbacteria, nitrate respiration).
Extraction of Xylose from Rice Straw and Lemongrass Leaf via Microwave Assisted
Authors: Norazlina I , Dhinashini R S , Nurhafizah I , Norakma M N , Noor Fazreen D 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In recent years, agricultural wastes cause serious pollution to the environment. Agricultural residues can be used to produce value-added products in order to control environmental pollution, therefore these wastes are a promising feedstock as it has many advantages such as wide range of source, low cost and renewable. Rice straw and lemongrass leaves which are the renewable sources for the production of many useful products such as xylose. The aim of this study is to compare the content of xylose produced from rice straw and lemongrass leaves, in order to obtain highest yield of xylose and to optimize the acid hydrolysis time, concentration of sulphuric acid, liquid-solid ratio and the power of the microwave towards the maximum extraction of xylose. Microwave assisted acidic hydrolysis method was used to extract xylose from rice straw and lemongrass leaves. The acid hydrolysis of both rice straw and lemongrass was performed at different time (1-5 minutes), acid concentration (1%-5%), liquid solid ratio (1:30, 2:30, 3:30, 4:30 and 5:30) and power (160W, 320W, 480W, 640W, 800W). The results obtained indicate that the yield of xylose from rice straw (2.98g/L) via the microwave assisted is slightly higher than lemongrass (2.91 g/L) with optimum conditions of 3 minutes of hydrolysis time, 2% of sulphuric acid concentration, 1:30 of liquid solid ratio and 320W of microwave power. Meanwhile, the optimum conditions for lemongrass leaves are 4 minutes of hydrolysis time, 4% of sulphuric acid concentration, 2:30 of liquid solid ratio and 480W of microwave power. Thus, rice straw has slightly higher capability in production of xylose compared to lemongrass.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutant using Visible Active - Boron Doped Photocatalyst
Authors: Bin Arifin Md Noor , Tarek Mostafa , Khan Maksudur 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Boron-doped TiO2 (B-TiO2) nanocatalysts were prepared by the sol-gel method, characterized by X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and diffusive reflectance UV-vis spectroscopy (DRS). XRD results exhibited that the doping of boron element could potentially inhibit the growth of grain and promote the formation of anatase phase and diboron trioxide phase. The photocatalytic activity of the B-TiO2 nanophotocatalyst was evaluated by the degradation test on one of the most widely used organic dyes, methylene blue (MB). The result indicated the doped B-TiO2, with 0.25g/L catalyst loading, were more active than the undoped TiO2 in breaking down the MB. The maximum conversion of MB by the doped TiO2 was 80.60%, approximately 14% higher than the pristine TiO2. The as-synthesized B-TiO2 was calcined at 450°C demonstrated higher photocatalytic activity than undoped TiO2 after 240mins of visible light illumination.
Load-Strain Behaviour of Shredded Waste Paper Reinforced Concrete Beam
Authors: Solahuddin B. A. , Yahaya F. M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Cement, sand, coarse aggregate, water and reinforcing bar are the materials to make a reinforced concrete beam. The waste paper has been dumped as waste and causes environmental pollution behind mill or landfill. The industry paper wastage for every year is increasing gradually. More spaces are being needed for landfills, uses energy loss of natural resources and increase of expenditure and various types of pollutions. Utilizing waste paper as an addition in concrete and reinforced concrete beam productions will reduce environmental pollutions. This research investigates the load-strain behaviour of reinforced concrete beam containing shredded waste paper using 10% copier and 10% cardboard waste paper as additions in the concrete mixture to the concrete shear strain and concrete bending strain of reinforced concrete beam. There are three types of beam shear reinforcements with stirrup spacing (SS)=100 mm, 150 mm, and 200 mm. All specimens are subjected to air curing at 28 days. The result of concrete bending and shear strains are higher by 10% shredded copier waste paper (SCPWP) and 10% shredded cardboard waste paper (SCBWP) with reducing shear reinforcements (SS=200 mm) and (SS=150 mm) compared to full shear reinforcement (SS=100 mm). This research shows that 10% SCPWP and 10% SCBWP improves the concrete bending and shear strains with reducing reinforcements. Furthermore, the results also show that 10% SCBWP has higher concrete bending and shear strains than 10% SCPWP for full and reduce shear reinforcements. This study indicates that shredded copier and cardboard waste paper can be used as additional materials in reinforced concrete beam production.
Accounting and Smart System: Functional Evaluation of ISO/IEC 25010:2011 Quality Model (a Case Study)
Authors: Panduwiyasa H , Saputra M , Azzahra Z F , Aniko A R 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Agile, flexible, and adaptable are important elements in the era of industrial 4.0, and vastly become new objectives by all entrepreneurs in developing their business information systems. As the most productive market in the global economy, Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) plays a vital role in developing countries. An ideal SME must have a standardized in the planning system and have an optimal quality of data model to run the business process and its operation. In the accounting system, all transaction data must be integrated to become a source of data for further processes such as recording sales or purchases, financial reporting, and generating invoices. The absence of technology and automated system in the accounting processes of SMEs, frequently waste both time, assets, and resources to be finished. Open-source ERP system implementation is often to be the initial step for SMEs to create a smart system that automating the business processes and operation’s needs. However, accurate parameters are needed to achieve an optimal system and data quality. The objective of this study is to evaluate the functional suitability level of smart ERP in the SME sector based on ISO 25010: 2011 standardization, and to produce good quality systems, as a result of the success of smart ERP systems implementation in automating business processes and integrating data across departments.
Bio-kinetics of organic removal in EAAS reactor for co-treatment of refinery wastewater with municipal wastewater.
Authors: Noor A , Kutty S R M , Baloo L , Almahbashi N M Y , Kumar Vicky , Ghaleb A A S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The refinery wastewater (RWW) is very complex in nature, which need energy intense treatment. Thus, it is difficult for developing countries to manage the treatment of RWW. The feasible option to tackle the problem is co-treatment with municipal wastewater (MWW). In the present study, co-treatment of RWW (0, 10, 20, 40, 60 and 80) % with MWW was investigated in a bench scale extended aeration activated sludge (EAAS) reactor. The result indicate that the maximum organic removal was achieved at 20% RWW, which was 91.84%. However, first order substrate removal model and Stover-Kincannon model achieve the coefficient of correlation value of 99.17% and 99.14% respectively, which clearly indicate that these models can be implemented to predict the performance of reactor. Furthermore, designing of the EAAS treatment plant can be conducted for co-treatment of RWW with MWW.
Kinetic Study of Ammonia Removal using Activated Rice Husk
Authors: Chan M K , Yeow A T Z 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Ammonia pollution causes eutrophication and algal bloom, which eventually disrupts the marine ecosystem’s equilibrium. Efforts have been made to either recover or remove ammoniacal nitrogen from water resources. Electrochemical, precipitation, adsorption, biological and membrane technology have been developed with varying degrees of complexity and arrangement to overcome this problem. To date, adsorption is widely used to remedy water resources as it is cost and energy effective while being simple to operate and maintain. Adsorption kinetic models are important in evaluating the performance of adsorbent and reveals the adsorption mass transfer mechanism. Nevertheless, the kinetic studies reported in the literature was not complete as only a few models were considered. Meanwhile, the statistical parameter to validate the model was commonly depended on R2 value alone. The objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive kinetic study of ammonia adsorption using activated rice husk, to the readers by investigating the validity of 9 kinetic models in fitting the experimental data. All the models are validated by using R2, R2, residual sum of square (SSE) and (mean square error) MSE. Result showed > 0.99 R2 values and low R2, SSE, MSE were found for Mixed order, Ritchie’s and Elovich models. This indicates that the ammonia adsorption process was governed by the adsorption at the active sites of the adsorbent and it was mainly driven by the chemisorption.
Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness and Quality of Products of The Process of Extracting Codonopsis javanica Extract at Pilot Scale
Authors: Nhut Pham Tri , Quy Nguyen Ngoc , Phung Phan Minh , Tu Nguyen Thanh , Thanh Le Van , Thi Minh Phuong Than 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The Codonopsis javanica, also known as “Đảng sâm” in Vietnamese, is a medicinal plant of high economic value. In this study, we further extended the previously reported process to produce C. javanica root extract by examining the concentrating stage to produce dried extract. Afterwards, effects of storage conditions on were evaluated and the pilot scale extraction process was compared with the lab-scale process. These processes were investigated with respect to different extract quality parameters including total polyphenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), DPPH and ABTS scavenging activity. Best conditions for the concentration process included time of 120 minutes, temperature of 60°C. The efficiency of extracting C. javanica extract at pilot scale shows a difference of about 20% and this dried extract will retain the best quality when stored at 5°.
Studies on chemical, polyphenol content, flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity of sweet basil leaves (Ocimum basilicum L.)
Authors: Nguyen V T , Nguyen N Q , Thi N Q N , Thi C Q N , Truc T T , Nghi P T B 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is commonly used as an attractive flavor in Vietnamese cuisine and a valuable remedy in traditional medicine. The purpose of this study is to analyze the phytochemical profile, as well as to calculate the content of polyphenols and flavonoids and antioxidant activity of ethanolic and aqueous extracts from sweet basil leaves. The findings revealed that the leaves of sweet basil contained a wide range of pharmacologically active substances, such as alkaloids, coumarins, tannins, flavonoids, sugars, phenols, terpenoids and saponins. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of ethanolic extract achieved 29.60 ± 1.64 mg GAE/g and 19.58 ± 0.93 mg QE/g, respectively. Furthermore, ethanolic extract displayed good antioxidant activities as shown in DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging methods, represented by IC50 of 91.31±4.28 µg/mL and 85.17 ±3.91µg/mL, respectively. These findings have shown that this plant is a potential source of natural antioxidants.
RETRACTED: Urban Sound Classification Using Convolutional Neural Network Model
Authors: Garg Srishti , Sehga Tanishq , Jain Aakriti , Garg Yash , Nagrath Preeti , Jain Rachna 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The programmed content-based order of urban sound classes is a significant part of different developing methods and applications, for example, observation, urban soundscape comprehension and commotion source distinguishing proof, along these lines the exploration subject has increased a great deal of consideration lately. The objective of this paper is to create a proficient AI based plan for urban sound classification. Ongoing fruitful utilizations of convolutional neural systems (CNNs) to sound order and discourse acknowledgment have spurred the quest for better information portrayals for progressively proficient preparation. Visual presentations of a sound signal, through different time-recurrence portrayals, for example, spectrograms offer a very good representation of the worldly picture of the original signal. Utilizing a spectrogram picture of the sound and afterward changing over the equivalent to information focuses (As is accomplished for pictures). This is effortlessly done utilizing mel_spectogram a function of Librosa. At the approval stage, we lead tests on Urban Sound 8K database which comprises 10 classes of urban sound happenings with 8732 real-world sound clips. As a result, we see how convolutional neural network (CNN) frameworks with raw sound waveforms improve the exactness in urban sound classification and clearly shows the structure concerning the number of parameters.