Abstract DP-008: SILICA GEL ENCAPSULATION AS A POTENTIAL TOOL TO IDENTIFY DORMANT AND DRUG-RESISTANT CELL POPULATIONS IN OVARIAN CANCER
Authors: Lam Tiffany , Lee Hak Rae , Geller Melissa A. , Aksan Alptekin , Azarin Samira 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Despite advances in standard of care treatment, a significant number of ovarian cancer patients will exhibit disease recurrence, either due to the presence of chemoresistant cells or the reawakening of dormant tumor cells. Currently there are no methods to predict which patients are likely to recur, and the mechanisms that allow a unique subpopulation of cancer cells to enter dormancy and survive chemotherapy remain unclear. Since chemotherapy is more effective at destroying highly proliferative cells, it is theorized that tumor cells capable of entering a dormant state are also the same population able to evade initial treatment and ultimately engender chemoresistance. A silica gel encapsulation platform that uses physical confinement to inhibit proliferation has previously demonstrated the ability to distinguish between dormancy-capable and dormancy-incapable breast cancer cell lines. In this work, we sought to apply this platform to an ovarian cancer cell line and determine if it could be used to select for the dormancy-capable subset of cells and to detect differences upon enrichment of dormant or chemoresistant cell populations. Upon encapsulation in silica gels, surviving OVCAR-3 cells demonstrated hallmarks of dormancy, including reduction in Ki67 expression, modulation of key cell cycle regulatory genes and dormancy-associated signaling pathways, and ability to resume proliferation when the stress of physical confinement was removed. Moreover, enrichment of the dormant subpopulation using hypoxia treatment or serum starvation prior to silica gel encapsulation resulted in enhanced survival in gels relative to cells grown in standard culture conditions. These results suggest that silica gel encapsulation may be used as a simple method to isolate dormancy-capable cells for further applications such as gene or protein expression analysis and drug screening. Similarly, cells already in a dormant state demonstrated lower susceptibility to cisplatin drug treatment relative to actively proliferating cells, further supporting the idea that dormant cancer cells are less susceptible to chemotherapy and that chemoresistance may stem from a subpopulation of dormant cancer cells. After extraction from silica gels and subsequent return to a proliferative state, cells surviving prolonged encapsulation also demonstrated enhanced survival after cisplatin treatment relative to control populations. This suggests that the dormancy-capable cells selected for within silica gels are indeed more chemoresistant, even when no longer dormant, and that the ability to enter dormancy and chemoresistance in ovarian cancer are likely somehow connected. Lastly, when the drug-resistant phenotype was selected for through cisplatin drug treatment prior to encapsulation, a significant difference in viability was observed upon encapsulation between cisplatin-treated and untreated cells. Overall, these results indicate that the silica gel technology and the behavior of ovarian cancer cells after encapsulation may be an indicator of cells inherently capable of entering dormancy and less susceptible to platinum-based chemotherapies. In future applications, silica gel encapsulation of patient ovarian cancer cells could potentially be used as a predictive clinical tool to identify patients at risk of early recurrence or as a facile in vitro platform to investigate mechanistic links between dormancy, chemoresistance, and recurrence.
Citation Format: Tiffany Lam, Hak Rae Lee, Melissa A. Geller, Alptekin Aksan, Samira Azarin. SILICA GEL ENCAPSULATION AS A POTENTIAL TOOL TO IDENTIFY DORMANT AND DRUG-RESISTANT CELL POPULATIONS IN OVARIAN CANCER [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 12th Biennial Ovarian Cancer Research Symposium; Sep 13-15, 2018; Seattle, WA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2019;25(22 Suppl):Abstract nr DP-008.