bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The physiological impact of high‐intensity interval training in octogenarians with comorbidities
Authors: Blackwell James E.M. , Gharahdaghi Nima , Brook Matthew S. , Watanabe Shinya , Boereboom Catherine L. , Doleman Brett , Lund Jonathan N. , Wilkinson Daniel J. , Smith Kenneth , Atherton Philip J. , Williams John P. , Phillips Bethan E. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundDeclines in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and fat‐free mass (FFM) with age are linked to mortality, morbidity and poor quality of life. High‐intensity interval training (HIIT) has been shown to improve CRF and FFM in many groups, but its efficacy in the very old, in whom comorbidities are present is undefined. We aimed to assess the efficacy of and physiological/metabolic responses to HIIT, in a cohort of octogenarians with comorbidities (e.g. hypertension and osteoarthritis).MethodsTwenty‐eight volunteers (18 men, 10 women, 81.2 ± 0.6 years, 27.1 ± 0.6 kg·m−2) with American Society of Anaesthesiology (ASA) Grade 2–3 status each completed 4 weeks (12 sessions) HIIT after a control period of equal duration. Before and after each 4 week period, subjects underwent body composition assessments and cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Quadriceps muscle biopsies (m. vastus lateralis) were taken to quantify anabolic signalling, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, and cumulative muscle protein synthesis (MPS) over 4‐weeks.ResultsIn comorbid octogenarians, HIIT elicited improvements in CRF (anaerobic threshold: +1.2 ± 0.4 ml·kg−1·min−1, P = 0.001). HIIT also augmented total FFM (47.2 ± 1.4 to 47.6 ± 1.3 kg, P = 0.04), while decreasing total fat mass (24.8 ± 1.3 to 24 ± 1.2 kg, P = 0.0002) and body fat percentage (33.1 ± 1.5 to 32.1 ± 1.4%, P = 0.0008). Mechanistically, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation capacity increased after HIIT (i.e. citrate synthase activity: 52.4 ± 4 to 67.9 ± 5.1 nmol·min−1·mg−1, P = 0.005; membrane protein complexes (C): C‐II, 1.4‐fold increase, P = 0.002; C‐III, 1.2‐fold increase, P = 0.03), as did rates of MPS (1.3 ± 0.1 to 1.5 ± 0.1%·day−1, P = 0.03). The increase in MPS was supported by up‐regulated phosphorylation of anabolic signalling proteins (e.g. AKT, p70S6K, and 4E‐BP1; all P < 0.05). There were no changes in any of these parameters during the control period. No adverse events were reported throughout the study.ConclusionsThe HIIT enhances skeletal muscle mass and CRF in octogenarians with disease, with up‐regulation of MPS and mitochondrial capacity likely underlying these improvements. HIIT can be safely delivered to octogenarians with disease and is an effective, time‐efficient intervention to improve muscle mass and physical function in a short time frame.
Low back pain: What is the role of YouTube content in patient education?
Authors: Hornung Alexander L. , Rudisill Samuel S. , Suleiman Rawan W. , Siyaji Zakariah K. , Sood Sahil , Siddiqui Shahrukh , Koro Lacin , Mohiuddin Shoeb A. , Sayari Arash J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to characterize the educational quality and reliability of YouTube videos related to low back pain (LBP) as well as to identify factors associated with the overall video quality. A review of YouTube was performed using two separate search strings. Video‐specific characteristics were analyzed for the first 50 videos of each string. Seventy‐seven eligible videos were identified as a result. The mean Journal of the American Medical Association score was 2.25 ± 1.09 (range: 0–4) out of 4. The mean Global Quality Score (GQS) score was 2.29 ± 1.37 (range: 1–4) out of 5. The mean LBP score (LPS) score was 3.83 ± 2.23 (range: 0–11) out of 15. Video power index was a predictor of GQS score (β = 55.78, p = 0.048), whereas the number of likes (β = −2.49, p = 0.047) and view ratio (β = −55.62, p = 0.049) were associated with lower quality scores. Days since initial upload (β = 0.32, p = 0.042) as well as like ratio (β = 0.37, p = 0.019) were independent predictors of higher LPS scores. The results of this study suggest that the overall reliability and educational quality of videos uploaded to YouTube concerning LBP are unsatisfactory. More popular videos demonstrated poorer educational quality than their less popular counterparts. As the prevalence of LBP rises, more accurate and thorough educational videos are necessary to ensure accurate information is available to patients.
Bioactive glass and arginine dentifrices immediately relieved dentine hypersensitivity following non‐surgical periodontal therapy: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ongphichetmetha Napassorn , Lertpimonchai Attawood , Champaiboon Chantrakorn 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is no report concerning calcium sodium phosphosilicate (CSPS) and arginine dentifrices in reducing dentine hypersensitivity (DH) in patients undergoing non‐surgical periodontal therapy. The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy of a dentifrice containing bioactive glass, 5% CSPS, and 8% arginine dentifrice in relieving DH in patients undergoing non‐surgical therapy.MethodsUsing a double‐blind randomized controlled trial, 45 volunteers with DH following non‐surgical therapy were immediately applied with one of three dentifrices containing: 5% CSPS, 8% arginine, or control on DH teeth. The participants then continued to brush twice daily for 8 weeks. DH was assessed using the Schiff cold air sensitivity scale and tactile tests at baseline, immediately after application, and up to 8 weeks.ResultsThe Schiff analysis revealed that the CSPS dentifrice significantly reduced DH immediately and declined through week 8. The arginine group demonstrated reduced DH through week 2. In contrast, DH reduction in the control began later at week 1. The visual analog scale analysis demonstrated that only CSPS had a significantly reduced percentage DH at the immediate, 2, 4, and 8 weeks compared with the baseline. The percentage of patients with DH (Schiff score ≥2) in the CSPS and arginine groups reduced to ≈ 50% after the in‐office application. The number of DH patients treated with CSPS then decreased to 9% at the 2‐week evaluation.ConclusionThe CSPS and arginine dentifrices were beneficial in reducing periodontitis patient's discomfort, immediately and in the first 2 weeks following non‐surgical periodontal therapy.
The colour and sensory characteristics of longissimus muscle from beef cattle that grazed grass or consumed concentrates prior to slaughter
Authors: Moloney Aidan P , O' Riordan Edward G , Monahan Frank J , Richardson R Ian 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDGrazed grass is an important component of the majority of beef production systems used in temperate climates. Compared to concentrate‐fed beef, ‘grass‐fed’ beef can command a premium in some markets based on perceived differences in appearance and sensory characteristics. The influence of grazed grass per se, as well as the duration of grazing, on selected sensory characteristics of beef within a heifer production system was examined.RESULTSIn general, fat from grass‐fed cattle was more yellow than fat from similar cattle fed concentrates, whereas muscle from grass‐fed cattle was darker than muscle from cattle fed concentrates. At the same carcass weight, muscle from grass‐fed cattle had a lower fat concentration than cattle fed concentrates. In the most extreme situation examined, whereby early‐maturing heifers were fed concentrates ad libitum from weaning or grazed grass/conserved grass throughout life, until slaughtered at a similar carcass weight (260 kg) and differed in age by 5 months, beef was rated similarly for tenderness and a range of flavours by a trained sensory panel.CONCLUSIONWithin the range of beef heifer production systems examined, the sensory characteristics of grass‐fed beef do not differ greatly from concentrate‐fed beef. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
DCANet: Dual contextual affinity network for mass segmentation in whole mammograms
Authors: Lou Meng , Qi Yunliang , Meng Jie , Xu Chunbo , Wang Yiming , Pi Jiande , Ma Yide 
Published: June 2021

PurposeBreast mass segmentation in mammograms remains a crucial yet challenging topic in computer‐aided diagnosis systems. Existing algorithms mainly used mass‐centered patches to achieve mass segmentation, which is time‐consuming and unstable in clinical diagnosis. Therefore, we aim to directly perform fully automated mass segmentation in whole mammograms with deep learning solutions.MethodsIn this work, we propose a novel dual contextual affinity network (a.k.a., DCANet) for mass segmentation in whole mammograms. Based on the encoder–decoder structure, two lightweight yet effective contextual affinity modules including the global‐guided affinity module (GAM) and the local‐guided affinity module (LAM) are proposed. The former aggregates the features integrated by all positions and captures long‐range contextual dependencies, aiming to enhance the feature representations of homogeneous regions. The latter emphasizes semantic information around each position and exploits contextual affinity based on the local field‐of‐view, aiming to improve the indistinction among heterogeneous regions.ResultsThe proposed DCANet is greatly demonstrated on two public mammographic databases including the DDSM and the INbreast, achieving the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of 85.95% and 84.65%, respectively. Both segmentation performance and computational efficiency outperform the current state‐of‐the‐art methods.ConclusionAccording to extensive qualitative and quantitative analyses, we believe that the proposed fully automated approach has sufficient robustness to provide fast and accurate diagnoses for possible clinical breast mass segmentation.
Automatic quantification of epicardial adipose tissue volume
Authors: Li Xiaogang , Sun Yu , Xu Lisheng , Greenwald Stephen E. , Zhang Libo , Zhang Rongrong , You Hongrui , Yang Benqiang 
Published: June 2021

PurposeEpicardial fat is the adipose tissue between the serosal pericardial wall layer and the visceral layer. It is distributed mainly around the atrioventricular groove, atrial septum, ventricular septum and coronary arteries. Studies have shown that the density, thickness, volume and other characteristics of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) are independently correlated with a variety of cardiovascular diseases. Given this association, the accurate determination of EAT volume is an essential aim of future research. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to establish a framework for fully automatic EAT segmentation and quantification in coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) scans.MethodsA set of 103 scans are randomly selected from our medical center. An automatic pipeline has been developed to segment and quantify the volume of EAT. First, a multi‐slice deep neural network is used to simultaneously segment the pericardium in multiple adjacent slices. Then a deformable model is employed to reduce false positive and negative regions in the segmented binary pericardial images. Finally, the pericardium mask is used to define the region of interest (ROI) and the threshold method is utilized to extract the pixels ranging from −175 Hounsfield units (HU) to −15 HU for the segmentation of EAT.ResultsThe Dice indices of the pericardial segmentation using the proposed method with respect to the manual delineation results of two radiology experts were 97.1% 0.7% and 96.9% 0.6%, respectively. The inter‐observer variability was also assessed, resulting in a Dice index of 97.0% 0.7%. For the EAT segmentation results, the Dice indices between the proposed method and the two radiology experts were 93.4% 1.5% and 93.3% 1.3%, respectively, and the same measurement between the experts themselves was 93.6% 1.9%. The Pearson’s correlation coefficients between the EAT volumes computed from the results of the proposed method and the manual delineation by the two experts were 1.00 and 0.99 and the same coefficients between the experts was 0.99.ConclusionsThis work describes the development of a fully automatic EAT segmentation and quantification method from CCTA scans and the results compare favorably with the assessments of two independent experts. The proposed method is also packaged with a graphical user interface which can be found at https://github.com/MountainAndMorning/EATSeg.
The Effect of Dietary Supplements of Black Pepper Piper nigrum and Turmeric Curcuma longa Extracts on Dietary Amino Acid Utilization and Growth Performance in Common Carp
Authors: Wojno Michal , Mandas Arlyn , Kwasek Karolina , Dabrowski Konrad 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Long-recognized physiological actions of black pepper Piper nigrum and turmeric Curcuma longa plants or their active ingredients (piperine [Pip] and curcumin [Curc], respectively) have been tested in nutritional and clinical experiments. Available data suggest that both dietary additives influence food acceptance, metabolism, and digestive physiology and increase the bioavailability of several drugs and nutrients. Therefore, the main goal of this study was to test how Common Carp Cyprinus carpio respond to diets supplemented with Pip, Curc, and black pepper extract (BP) in terms of food intake, growth, whole-body composition, and muscle free amino acid (FAA) levels. We used the following dietary treatments: a reference diet based on casein and gelatin (CG), a diet in which a fraction of CG protein (20%) was replaced with an FAA mixture (Met0.4 [methionine 0.4%]), and three other diets identical to Met0.4 but supplemented with 0.02% Pip, Curc, or BP. We found that addition of spices and their active ingredients impacted fish growth (BP depressed growth by 30%); however, these dietary additives did not show any significant effect on food intake across the treatments. Dietary Pip increased total lipids in the whole body. The total indispensable FAA level was higher in the Curc group compared to the CG group only. The total dispensable FAA level in the BP group was higher than those in the CG and Met0.4 groups but was not different than those in the Pip and Curc groups. We conclude that further study is warranted with different levels of spices in fish diets. A summary of the current state of knowledge on the effect of Pip on nutrient flux and nutrient utilization, as well as possible regulatory mechanism(s) involved in the action of spices in fish, with a focus on Pip, is also provided.
Bilanz 2020: Boehringer‐Ingelheim
Authors: Bulmahn Maren 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBoehringer Ingelheim entwickelt und produziert Medikamente für Mensch und Tier. Hinzu kommt biopharmazeutische Auftragsproduktion. Im Jahr 2020 legte das Unternehmen in allen Bereichen zu.
Glass fiber reinforced PET modified by few‐layer black phosphorus
Authors: Xiao Yifan , Li Jiaxuan , Wu Jun , Song Liang , Han Yuxi , Wang Zhongwei , Yu Qing 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGlass fiber reinforced polyethylene terephthalate (PET/GF) with enhanced flame retardancy was prepared with few‐layer black phosphorus (BPs) for the first time. The performance of red phosphorus (RP) modified PET/GF was also investigated for comparison. Results show that PET/GF with 0.9 wt% BPs (PET/GF@BP‐0.9) can eliminate the ignition of cotton by dripping. The addition of 2.7 wt% of BPs can make the PET/GF sample pass UL 94 V‐0 classification, while a much higher of 6.3 wt% RP was needed to pass the same classification. Compared with neat PET/GF, the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR) rate of PET/GF@BP‐2.7 decreases ca. 52.5% and 34.8%, respectively. The studies of char residues reveal that BPs could act as a catalyst for char formation and the formed char could roughen the surface of GF and thus restrain the “wick effect.” Thermogravimetric analysis/infrared spectrometry shows that the addition of BPs significantly inhibited the release of gas‐phase products. The attractive abilities of BPs as flame retardant provide a novel and effective way of PET/GF modification.
Grafting polymer brushes by ATRP from functionalized poly(ether ether ketone) microparticles
Authors: Fu Liye , Jafari Hossein , Gießl Michael , Yerneni Saigopalakrishna S. , Sun Mingkang , Wang Zongyu , Liu Tong , Kapil Kriti , Cheng Boyle C. , Yu Alexander , Averick Saadyah E. , Matyjaszewski Krzysztof 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPoly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) is a semi‐crystalline thermoplastic with excellent mechanical and chemical properties. PEEK exhibits a high degree of resistance to thermal, chemical, and bio‐degradation. PEEK is used as a biomaterial in the field of orthopedic and dental implants; however, due to its intrinsic hydrophobicity and inert surface, PEEK does not effectively support bone growth. Therefore, new methods to modify PEEK's surface to improve osseointegration are key to next‐generation polymer implant materials. Unfortunately, PEEK is a challenging material to both modify and subsequently characterize thus stymieing efforts to improve PEEK osseointegration. In this manuscript, we demonstrate how surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization can be used to modify novel PEEK microparticles (PMP). The hard core‐soft shell microparticles were synthesized and characterized by dynamic light scattering, attenuated total reflection‐infrared, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy, indicating the grafted materials increased solubility and stability in a range of solvents. The discovered surface grafted PMP can be used as compatibilizers for the polymer‐tissue interface.
The effects of intramolecular and intermolecular electrostatic repulsions on the stability and aggregation of NISTmAb revealed by HDX‐MS, DSC, and nanoDSF
Authors: Hamuro Yoshitomo , Derebe Mehabaw Getahun , Venkataramani Sathya , Nemeth Jennifer F. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe stability and aggregation of NIST monoclonal antibody (NISTmAb) were investigated by hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX‐MS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and nano‐differential scanning fluorimetry (nanoDSF). NISTmAb was prepared in eight formulations at four different pHs (pH 5, 6, 7, and 8) in the presence and absence of 150 mM NaCl and analyzed by the three methods. The HDX‐MS results showed that NISTmAb is more conformationally stable at a pH near its isoelectric point (pI) in the presence of NaCl than a pH far from its pI in the absence of NaCl. The stabilization effects were global and not localized. The midpoint temperature of protein thermal unfolding transition results also showed the CH2 domain of the protein is more conformationally stable at a pH near its pI. On the other hand, the onset of aggregation temperature results showed that NISTmAb is less prone to aggregate at a pH far from its pI, particularly in the absence of NaCl. These seemingly contradicting results, higher conformational stability yet higher aggregation propensity near the pI than far away from the pI, can be explained by intramolecular and intermolecular electrostatic repulsion using Lumry‐Eyring model, which separates folding/unfolding equilibrium and aggregation event. The further a pH from the pI, the higher the net charge of the protein. The higher net charge leads to greater intramolecular and intermolecular electrostatic repulsions. The greater intramolecular electrostatic repulsion destabilizes the protein and the greater intermolecular electrostatic repulsion prevents aggregation of the protein molecules at pH far from the pI.
The spatio‐temporal ordering of migrant detention: Exclusion, hierarchy, and human disposal
Authors: Montange Leah 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper analyses the spatialities and temporalities of a U.S. migrant detention centre, to demonstrate the entanglement of migrant exclusion with dehumanisation and racialisation. I examine spatial orderings such as isolation, segregation, and regulated mobilities in detention alongside the arbitrary and deadening tempos and rhythms of detention. I find patterns of inclusionary exclusion through which the “consent” of detained people to their own deportation is conditioned by dehumanising spatio‐temporalities. These patterns are the product of the highly standardised, regulated, and ordered spatio‐temporalities of detention. I ultimately argue that the spatial and temporal ordering of detention, in all of its standardisation, is a racialising project that rationalises exclusion and dehumanisation, placing responsibility for degradation, deportation, and even premature death, upon those in detention.
‘Skywalker’ surgical robot for total knee arthroplasty: An experimental sawbone study
Authors: Xia Runzhi , Tong Zhicheng , Hu Yi , Kong Keyu , Wu Xiulin , Li Huiwu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundCurrently, robot‐assisted surgical systems are used to reduce the error range of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) osteotomy and component positioning.MethodsWe used 20 sawbone models of the femur and 20 sawbone models of the tibia and fibula to evaluate the osteotomy effect of ‘Skywalker’ robot‐assisted TKA.ResultsThe maximal movement of the cutting jig was less than 0.25 mm at each osteotomy plane. The mean and standard deviation values of the angle deviation between the planned osteotomy plane and the actual osteotomy plane at each osteotomy plane were not more than 1.03° and 0.55°, respectively. The mean and standard deviation values of absolute error of resection thickness at each osteotomy position were less than 0.78 and 0.71 mm, respectively.ConclusionsThe ‘Skywalker’ system has good osteotomy accuracy, can achieve the planned osteotomy well and is expected to assist surgeons in performing accurate TKA in clinical applications in future.
Coping with coronavirus disease 2019: Relationships between coping strategies, benefit finding and well‐being
Authors: Miao Miao , Zheng Lei , Wen Jie , Jin Shuai , Gan Yiqun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has caused both physical and psychological changes in the general public. The current study aimed to examine the relationship between well‐being and coping strategies in response to the pandemic. Furthermore, we aimed to investigate the mediational role of benefit finding. A total of 521 participants aged 18–65 years were recruited from 29 regions of mainland China. Situation‐specific coping strategies, including support seeking, personal hygiene practice and social distancing, were measured at Time 1. Benefit finding and well‐being were assessed 1 month later. A multilevel mediation model was conducted with region included in level 2 as cluster ID. Support seeking and personal hygiene practice were positive predictors of benefit finding, which further mediated their relationships with well‐being, while social distancing negatively predicted well‐being. These results highlight the relationships of support seeking, personal hygiene practice and benefit finding with well‐being during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Our findings indicate that besides adopting adaptive coping strategies to prevent infection by COVID‐19, individuals should be encouraged to recognize benefits associated with the COVID‐19 outbreak.