bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feature reduction scheme for anomaly‐based intrusion detection in wireless networks: Building of hybrid model
Authors: Gavel Shashank , Singh Jyotsana , Shukla Namrata , Raghuvanshi Ajay Singh , Tiwari Sudarshan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAnomaly‐based intrusion detection plays a crucial and essential role in providing security to computer networks. However, some concerns still exist for the sustainability and feasibility of existing approaches over modern networks. Specifically, these concerns relate to increasing many features from a network, thus making it difficult for a user to achieve high detection accuracy. This article presents a novel and efficient feature reduction scheme for fault‐based intrusion detection by efficiently handling the large feature from a network. Monarch butterfly optimization is used with a new correlation‐based fitness function to reduce features. Twin support vector machine is utilized with its unique classification in the proposed scheme. The proposed method is analyzed and evaluated with NSL‐KDD, CICIDS2017, AWID network security, and standard fault network datasets. The obtained results are verified using standard performance measures, that is, overall detection accuracy, F‐measure, FPR, and AUC score with time complexity. The results show the superiority and stability of the proposed scheme over the existing techniques.
Fully automated delineation of the optic radiation for surgical planning using clinically feasible sequences
Authors: Reid Lee B. , Martínez‐Heras Eloy , Manjón Jose V. , Jeffree Rosalind L. , Alexander Hamish , Trinder Julie , Solana Elisabeth , Llufriu Sara , Rose Stephen , Prior Marita , Fripp Jurgen 
Published: September 2021

AbstractQuadrantanopia caused by inadvertent severing of Meyer's Loop of the optic radiation is a well‐recognised complication of temporal lobectomy for conditions such as epilepsy. Dissection studies indicate that the anterior extent of Meyer's Loop varies considerably between individuals. Quantifying this for individual patients is thus an important step to improve the safety profile of temporal lobectomies. Previous attempts to delineate Meyer's Loop using diffusion MRI tractography have had difficulty estimating its full anterior extent, required manual ROI placement, and/or relied on advanced diffusion sequences that cannot be acquired routinely in most clinics. Here we present CONSULT: a pipeline that can delineate the optic radiation from raw DICOM data in a completely automated way via a combination of robust pre‐processing, segmentation, and alignment stages, plus simple improvements that bolster the efficiency and reliability of standard tractography. We tested CONSULT on 696 scans of predominantly healthy participants (539 unique brains), including both advanced acquisitions and simpler acquisitions that could be acquired in clinically acceptable timeframes. Delineations completed without error in 99.4% of the scans. The distance between Meyer's Loop and the temporal pole closely matched both averages and ranges reported in dissection studies for all tested sequences. Median scan‐rescan error of this distance was 1 mm. When tested on two participants with considerable pathology, delineations were successful and realistic. Through this, we demonstrate not only how to identify Meyer's Loop with clinically feasible sequences, but also that this can be achieved without fundamental changes to tractography algorithms or complex post‐processing methods.
Paramagnetic Oxygen as Contrast Agent for a Potential PDT Treatment MRI Monitoring
Authors: Chevreux Sylviane , Four Mickaël , Lemercier Gilles 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAs a proof of concept, we demonstrate in this preliminary study that 3O2 could be used as magnetic Contrast Agent (CA) to monitor photodynamic treatments (PDT). In this purpose, and using a well‐studied Photo‐Sensitizer (PS) from our team (Ruteg), we highlighted that the combined action of the PS and irradiation led to significant changes in T1 (and R1) values of the protons of the water molecules. We assume that with these conclusive results using relaxometric measurements, transposition to Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in pertinent conditions (oxygen concentration, magnetic field) should be achievable.
The Caputo–Fabrizio (CF) and Atangana–Baleanu in Caputo sense (ABC) fractional time‐derivative approach on transient free convection flow between two vertical parallel plates: A semi‐analytical solution
Authors: Jha Basant K. , Oyelade Ismaila Olatoye , B. Malgwi Peter 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA comparative analysis on semi‐analytical solution of transient free convection flow of fractional Maxwell viscoelastic fluid between two vertical parallel plates has been investigated by employing the Caputo–Fabrizio (CF) and Atangana–Baleanus in Caputo sense (ABC) fractional time derivative. The semi‐analytical solutions for dimensionless temperature, velocity, skin friction, and mass flux are obtained using both approach (CF and ABC) and solution presented in the Laplace domain. The Riemann sum approximation was used to invert all solutions from the Laplace domain to the time domain. The influence of pertinent parameters on dimensionless temperature and velocity for both CF and ABC approach are presented graphically and in tabular form and thereafter discussed. The significant result obtained from this study is that both temperature and velocity in CF and ABC increase as the time and relaxation time parameter increases, while temperature and velocity via CF and ABC model decrease when the fractional parameter increases. It is also significant to note that, temperature, velocity, skin friction, and mass flux have a higher value in the CF model than the ABC model.
Current and recommended practices for evaluating adverse drug events using electronic health records: A systematic review
Authors: Ng Ding Quan , Dang Emily , Chen Lijie , Nguyen Mary Thuy , Nguyen Michael Ky Nguyen , Samman Sarah , Nguyen Tiffany Mai Thy , Cadiz Christine Luu , Nguyen Lee , Chan Alexandre 
Published: September 2021

AbstractElectronic health records (EHR) are widely used sources of real‐world data in pharmacoepidemiologic research. As there is no end‐to‐end guidance for generating medication safety evidence with EHR, this study conducted a systematic review to determine the current and recommended practices in the literature. PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL were searched for English articles published between 1 January 2010 and 11 June 2020. Selected articles were published in peer‐reviewed journals, conducted in the United States, analyzed structured EHR data, and defined drug exposure and adverse drug events (ADEs). The study evaluated methodological quality with a modified Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale (NOS) score ranging from 0 to 9 points. Data synthesis was performed with thematic analysis. Twenty‐six from 3885 articles were selected. The majority were cohort studies (85%). The studies were well designed, with a median NOS score of 9. Drug exposure was defined with dispensing (58%) and prescribing (31%) records. ADEs were defined across five categories: diagnosis codes (77%), validated outcome algorithms (35%), objective measures (35%), treatment procedures (19%), and antidotes (2%). Common covariates were age (89%), gender (85%), comorbidities (81%), and medication‐co‐medication use (73%). Four studies (15%) empirically defined covariates in a data‐driven manner. Twenty‐two (85%) analyzed covariates as confounders or effect modifiers in their analyses. Results were analyzed with either intention‐to‐treat (73%) or as‐treated (39%) approaches. Key recommendations include selecting dispensing rather than prescribing records, considering a proxy date of dispensation where applicable, selecting new instead of prevalent drug users, improving adoption of validated outcome algorithms, and not utilizing objective measures as the primary indicator of ADEs.
A facile chemical process to form an ultrathin hydroxyapatite layer with a customizable silver‐releasing function on a titanium implant
Authors: Ohtsu Naofumi , Kakuchi Yuko , Takahara Toyofumi , Yoshida Yutaka 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSilver‐containing hydroxyapatite (Ag/HAp) layer on a bioinert material provides both bioactive and antibacterial properties; however, the Ag release duration needs to be customized to a patient's age and metabolism for minimizing the toxic effects. Herein, we present a facile chemical process to produce an ultrathin Ag/HAp layer on a Ti implant with a customized Ag‐releasing profile. The process involves the following steps: preparation of a slurry‐type reagent by mixing calcium phosphate powder with an aqueous AgNO3solution, burying a Ti substrate in the slurry, and heating the slurry in air. An HAp layer, approximately 50 nm thick, with Ag particle deposits was obtained using this process. The Ag‐particle content can be varied by adjusting the concentration of AgNO3solution used for slurry preparation, resulting in different Ag‐release profiles in a physiological solution. For instance, Ag release was retained for up to 30 days when 100 mM AgNO3was used, whereas the release lasted 15 days when 10 mM AgNO3was used. The duration of the antibacterial activity varied accordingly, but Ag‐release‐derived cytotoxicity was not observed irrespective of the AgNO3concentration. In addition, differentiation of osteoblast‐like cells was facilitated owing to the formation of the HAp layer. Thus, the chemical process presented in this study allows the production—at a clinical site—of an Ag/HAp layer customized to the patient's needs.
3‐Degenerate induced subgraph of a planar graph
Authors: Gu Yangyan , Kierstead H. A. , Oum Sang‐il , Qi Hao , Zhu Xuding 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA graph is ‐degenerate if every nonnull subgraph of has a vertex of degree at most . We prove that every ‐vertex planar graph has a 3‐degenerate induced subgraph of order at least .
Achieving consistency in measures of HIV‐1 viral suppression across countries: derivation of an adjustment based on international antiretroviral treatment cohort data
Authors: Johnson Leigh F. , Kariminia Azar , Trickey Adam , Yiannoutsos Constantin T. , Ekouevi Didier K. , Minga Albert K. , Pascom Ana Roberta Pati , Han Win Min , Zhang Lei , Althoff Keri N. , Rebeiro Peter F. , Murenzi Gad , Ross Jonathan , Hsiao Nei‐Yuan , Marsh Kimberly 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe third of the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) 90‐90‐90 targets is to achieve a 90% rate of viral suppression (HIV viral load <1000 HIV‐1 RNA copies/ml) in patients on antiretroviral treatment (ART) by 2020. However, some countries use different thresholds when reporting viral suppression, and there is thus a need for an adjustment to standardize estimates to the <1000 threshold. We aim to propose such an adjustment, to support consistent monitoring of progress towards the “third 90” target.MethodsWe considered three possible distributions for viral loads in ART patients: Weibull, Pareto and reverse Weibull (imposing an upper limit but no lower limit on the log scale). The models were fitted to data on viral load distributions in ART patients in the International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) collaboration (representing seven global regions) and the ART Cohort Collaboration (representing Europe), using separate random effects models for adults and children. The models were validated using data from the World Health Organization (WHO) HIV drug resistance report and the Brazilian national ART programme.ResultsModels were calibrated using 921,157 adult and 37,431 paediatric viral load measurements, over 2010–2019. The Pareto and reverse Weibull models provided the best fits to the data, but for all models, the “shape” parameters for the viral load distributions differed significantly between regions. The Weibull model performed best in the validation against the WHO drug resistance survey data, while the Pareto model produced uncertainty ranges that were too narrow, relative to the validation data. Based on these analyses, we recommend using the reverse Weibull model. For example, if a country reports an 80% rate of viral suppression at <200 copies/ml, this model estimates the proportion virally suppressed at <1000 copies/ml is 88.3% (0.800.56), with uncertainty range 85.5–90.6% (0.800.70–0.800.44).ConclusionsEstimates of viral suppression can change substantially depending on the threshold used in defining viral suppression. It is, therefore, important that viral suppression rates are standardized to the same threshold for the purpose of assessing progress towards UNAIDS targets. We have proposed a simple adjustment that allows this, and this has been incorporated into UNAIDS modelling software.
Estimating male circumcision coverage in 15 priority countries in sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Stegman Peter M. , Yee Randy , Davis Joshua , Tchuenche Michel , Linder Rachael , Zembe Lycias , Frescura Luisa , Kripke Katharine E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionGiven the importance of voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) in reducing HIV incidence, access to and use of quality data for programme planning and management are essential. Unfortunately, such data are currently not standardized for reliable and consistent programme use in priority countries. To redress this, the UNAIDS Reference Group (RG) on Estimates, Modelling, and Projection worked with partner Avenir Health to use the Decision Makers Program Planning Toolkit (DMPPT) 2 Online to provide estimates of VMMC coverage and to support countries to set age‐ and geographic‐specific targets. This article describes the methods and tools used for assembling, reviewing and validating VMMC programme data as part of the 2021 Estimates process.DiscussionThe approach outlined for integrating VMMC data using the DMPPT2 Online required significant country engagement as well as upgrades to the DMPPT2 Online. The process brought together local‐level VMMC stakeholders, for example Ministries of Health, the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), the US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, the World Health Organization (WHO), VMMC implementers and so on, to review, amend and agree on historical and more recent VMMC data. The DMPPT2 Online was upgraded to align with the Spectrum and Naomi models used in the Annual HIV Estimates process. In addition, new and revised inputs were incorporated to enhance accuracy of modelled outputs. The process was successful in mobilizing stakeholders behind efforts to integrate VMMC into the annual HIV Estimates process and generating comprehensive, country‐owned and validated VMMC data that will enhance programme monitoring and planning.ConclusionsVMMC programme data from most of the priority countries were successfully reviewed, updated, validated and incorporated into the annual HIV Estimates process in 2020. It is important to ensure that these data continue to be used for programme planning and management. Current and future data issues will need to be addressed, and countries will need ongoing support to do so. The integration of the DMPPT2 Online into the annual HIV Estimates process is a positive step forward in terms of streamlining country‐owned planning and analytical practices for the HIV response.
Coinfection between SARS‐CoV‐2 and vector‐borne diseases in Luanda, Angola
Authors: Sebastião Cruz S. , Gaston Celestina , Paixão Joana Paula , Sacomboio Euclides N. M. , Neto Zoraima , de Vasconcelos Jocelyne Neto , Morais Joana 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCo‐epidemics happening simultaneously can generate a burden on healthcare systems. The co‐occurrence of SARS‐CoV‐2 with vector‐borne diseases (VBD), such as malaria and dengue in resource‐limited settings represents an additional challenge to the healthcare systems. Herein, we assessed the coinfection rate between SARS‐CoV‐2 and VBD to highlight the need to carry out an accurate diagnosis and promote timely measures for these infections in Luanda, the capital city of Angola. This was a cross‐sectional study conducted with 105 subjects tested for the SARS‐CoV‐2 and VBD with a rapid detection test in April 2021. The participants tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 (3.80%), malaria (13.3%), and dengue (27.6%). Low odds related to testing positivity to SARS‐CoV‐2 or VBD were observed in participants above or equal to 40 years (odds ratio [OR]: 0.60, p = 0.536), while higher odds were observed in male (OR: 1.44, p = 0.392) and urbanized areas (OR: 3.78, p = 0.223). The overall co‐infection rate between SARS‐CoV‐2 and VBD was 11.4%. Our findings showed a coinfection between SARS‐CoV‐2 with malaria and dengue, which could indicate the need to integrate the screening for VBD in the SARS‐CoV‐2 testing algorithm and the adjustment of treatment protocols. Further studies are warranted to better elucidate the relationship between COVID‐19 and VBD in Angola.
Comparison of proteomic approaches used for the detection of potential biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease in blood plasma
Authors: Smirnova Tatiana Anatolievna , Viskin Anton , Hoskova Martina , Habartova Lucie , Setnicka Vladimir , Cejnar Pavel , Kuckova Stepanka 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAt present, Alzheimer's disease is detected mainly using psychological tests, which can only confirm the disease in its more advanced phases. Therefore, bioanalytical possibilities for detecting this disease earlier are being investigated. To date, the results of analyses, which focus mainly on the study of lipids and proteins either in cerebrospinal fluid or much less often in blood plasma, do not provide satisfactory results. In addition, cerebrospinal fluid sampling is uncomfortable for the patients and involves many health risks. In this work, we deal with proteomic analysis using Matrix‐Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionisation—Time of Flight and Liquid Chromatography coupled to tandem Mass Spectrometry of blood plasma with a focus on various ways of preanalytical sample treatments. This should lead to results improvement and facilitate the subsequent evaluation using principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis. The obtained results indicate the direction of further research, namely the study of interactions between proteins and lipids contained in blood plasma. These substances may be regarded as potential biomarkers allowing for the diagnosis of Alzheimer´s disease even in its early stages.
Effectiveness of a group‐walking intervention for people with dementia based on quality of life and caregivers’ burden
Authors: Kohler Myrta , Mullis Jeanette , Karrer Melanie , Schwarz Juerg , Saxer Susi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimsTo test the effectiveness of a 28‐week group‐walking intervention for person with dementia. Participants were accompanied by trained volunteers. The effectiveness was assessed according to the quality of life, ability to perform activities of daily living, independence, mobility, cognition, challenging behaviours and the burden on their caregiving relatives.DesignQuasi‐experimental, one‐group, pretest–posttest trial.MethodsThirty‐two persons with dementia and their caregiving relatives were recruited. The nursing intervention consists on easy walking tours lasting three and a half hours. The walks were performed biweekly and each person with dementia had support from one or two trained volunteer helpers.ResultsThe quality of life was stable through all seasons. The secondary outcomes were uneven. While the impairment (WHODAS) and the dependence (IADL) increased, the challenging behaviours and the burden on the caregivers were stable through all seasons.
A framework for economic evaluation of therapeutic drug monitoring—guided dosing in oncology
Authors: Erku Daniel , Schneider Jennifer , Scuffham Paul 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe standard approach for dose individualization of chemotherapy in the oncology setting has long been based on body surface area (BSA) as a measure of body size. However, for many anticancer drugs, administration of dosages based on BSA may result in some patients receiving supratherapeutic or subtherapeutic concentrations due to substantial interindividual pharmacokinetic variability. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM)–guided dosing aims to ensure that the patient's serum drug concentration is in a target range which has been shown to produce optimal clinical outcomes. The management of several malignancies is now moving away from using traditional intravenous chemotherapy to longer‐term treatment with targeted molecular therapies. These targeted anticancer drugs are currently dosed based on a fixed dose for all patients. The pharmacokinetic characteristics of most of these drugs (e.g., tyrosine‐kinase inhibitors) support implementation of individualized dosing via TDM. However, prior to adopting TDM–guided dosing in oncology settings, the economic efficiency and value for money of introducing TDM interventions should be critically and systematically examined along with the impacts on patient care and outcomes. Yet, current evidence in this area is limited, and more generally, there is lack of methodological guidance on how to identify, estimate and value clinical and cost information necessary to conduct economic evaluations of TDM interventions. In this paper, we propose a coherent framework for conducting economic evaluation of TDM interventions in oncology settings and discuss some practical challenges of conducting economic evaluations of TDM.
Thermal runaway behavior and hazard evaluation of cumene hydroperoxide mixed separately with four products under adiabatic conditions coupled with risk matrix method
Authors: Yu Chang‐Fei , Liu Shang‐Hao , Wang Wen‐Tao , Xu Rui‐Jie 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRunaway reactions of organic peroxides (OPs) are a significant issue in process safety, due to their fragile bonds and extensive heat release during abnormal conditions. As one of the typical OPs and an intermediate in the process of producing phenol, cumene hydroperoxide (CHP) is likely to mix with its products and lead to an uncontrollable self‐accelerating decomposition reaction. In this study, the thermal hazard of CHP mixed with four products separately was evaluated and identified using accelerating rate calorimeter technology. Experimental data illustrated that the maximum pressure rise rate had greatly increased from 1.1 to 15.5, 18.3, and 41.5 bar min−1, and the maximum self‐heating rate had dreadfully raised from 5.4 to 107.7, 116.9, and 231.0°C min−1, when CHP mixed with its products from methanol to phenol, acetophenone, or dimethylphenyl carbinol, respectively. These phenomena indicated a precarious and dangerous reaction decomposition mechanism of CHP after its products mixed under runaway conditions. This work is expected to help researchers and even industrial workers to better identify the potential thermal hazard of CHP in the presence of products; in particular, experimental and calculated parameters are necessary for the appropriate choice of safe conditions of application, waste disposal, storage, and transportation of CHP.
Fault tolerant consensus of multiple nonholonomic chained‐form systems with actuator and communication faults
Authors: Zhang Zejun , Yang Hao , Jiang Bin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article investigates the fault tolerant consensus problem of multiple nonholonomic chained‐form systems with both actuator and communication faults. The systems are enabled to follow a reference trajectory and realize practical consensus, by applying distributed reference state observers and robust adaptive fault tolerant control (FTC) strategies. The proposed state observers are robust to communication faults and can estimate the actual reference trajectory for each system. Based on such an observer, a robust adaptive FTC scheme is further provided to address actuator faults. A sine function is injected into the FTC law to relax the persistent excitation condition to avoid uncontrollability of the two‐input chained‐form system when one of reference control input tends to zero. Simulation result of wheeled mobile robots shows the effectiveness of proposed FTC methods.