bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ASSESSMENT OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF THE FARM FAMILIES WITH SPECIAL FOCUS ON PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN IN PAKISTAN
Authors: Sardar Hussain , Amir Rana Muhammad , Khurshid Ayesha , Raza Hafiz Ali , Manzoor Adeela 
Published: May 2021

Purpose of the study: The main purpose of this study was to assess the nutritional status of farm families with a special focus on primary school children in Punjab.
Methodology: This study was conducted in tehsil Jaranwala, Faisalabad. Five villages and two primary schools were selected from each village randomly. From these schools, 323 children whose fathers were farmers were selected as samples. A cross-sectional research design was used for the present study. In this context, an interview schedule was prepared and face-to-face interviews were administered to collect the required data.
Main Findings: The chi-square analysis confirmed that education, and income of parents associated factors had a statistically significant (P<0.05) and positive correlation with BMI. Descriptive statistics indicated poverty was ranked 1st among reasons for malnutrition followed by inappropriate dietary choices and unavailability of healthy foods with mean values of 4.25 and 4.11, respectively. Whereas, children don't want to come to school due to poor health" was ranked 1st in all effects of poor health with a mean value of 4.50.
Applications of the study: This study has highlighted the importance of the nutritional status of primary school-going children and also investigates the different factors that inverse impact on their health. This study will be proved helpful among farm families by creating awareness about the nutrition of children. Based on the findings of this study, the urge to the government to take steps to improve the literacy level and build strategies to improve the awareness level of mothers about the nutrition of children, especially in rural areas.
The novelty of the Study: This is the first study that investigates the assessment of the nutritional status of school-going children of farm families in Punjab, Pakistan especially in tehsil Jaranwala, Faisalabad.
Power Splitting and Source-Relay Selection in Energy Harvesting Wireless Network
Authors: jiang xiao , Li Peng , wang ruchuan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we consider an energy-harvesting (EH) relay network composing of multiple sources, a destination and multiple EH decode-and-forward (DF) relays. The EH relays all equip with a power splitter to divide the received signal power into two parts, one for information decoding and the remaining for signal relaying. The power splitting ratio (PSR) depicts the trade-off between the relaying energy and decoding energy. We propose an optimal power splitting and joint source-relay selection (OPS-JSRS) scheme where the optimal power-splitting ratio is obtained and the best source-relay pair is selected to transmit the message. For the purpose of comparison, we examine the optimal power splitting and round-robin (OPS-RR) scheme and the traditional power splitting and joint source-relay selection (TPS-JSRS) scheme. The exact and asymptotic closed-form expressions of outage probability for OPS-RR, TPS-JSRS and OPS-JSRS schemes are derived. Numerical results show that OPS-JSRS scheme is better than OPS-RR and TPS-JSRS schemes in terms of outage probability, explaining the superiority of the proposed OPS-JSRS scheme. Additionally, outage probability performance of OPS-JSRS scheme can be improved by increasing the number of sources and relays.
Influence of Body Mass Index on Mechanical Properties in People With Obesity
Authors: Usgu Serkan , Ramazanoğlu Engin , Yakut Yavuz 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: The study was to determine influence of body mass index on muscular mechanical properties in people with obesity.Methods: A total of 172 participants (86 males and females, mean age; 26.00±5.45 years) were participated. The participants were assigned in groups base on BMI classification (normal (BMI=18.50-24.99 kg/m2), overweight (BMI=25.00-29.99 kg/m2). The biceps brachii (BB), biceps femoris (BF) were measured bilaterally using the "MyotonPRO" device. Results: Bilateral BB and BF stiffness, and BB elasticity were found significantly difference between normal and overweight group in all participant comprasion (p<0.05). Also the only left BB tone was found different (p<0.05) while other mechanical parameters found similar (p>0.05). In sex based BMI sub-categories; the bilaterally BB and BF stiffness and BF tone were found higher, and only the right BB elasticity was decreased in overweight male group (p<0.05). While the other mechanical parameters were found similar (p<0.05). The right BB stiffness and elasticity were found higher in overweight female group (p<0.05). No statistical difference was found in other parameters for female comparison (p>0.05).A weak positive correlation was found between the right-left BB tone and stiffness and BMI. Also, a weak positive correlation was revealed between the right BB elasticity (p<0.05). No correlation was determined in other mechanical paramaters (p>0.05).Conclusions: The bilateral BB and BF stiffness increased and BB elasticity decreased as BMI increased. The BB and BF mechanical properties were affected more in males than females when BMI considered.
Synthesis of Gelatin-Cellulose Nanocrystals Hydrogel Membrane For Removal of Cu (II) And Co (II) From Mining Processes Wastewater
Authors: Kabuba John , Lukusa Trésor 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study describes the removal of Cu (II) and Co (II) ions from mining processes wastewater using synthesis of Gelatin-cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) hydrogel membrane (GCHM). In a batch experiment, the influence of different parameters such as pH, contact time, temperature, and ratio of gelatin and CNCs was evaluated. Higher removal efficiency was obtained at ratio 3 ÷ 1 and at pH 5 and 7 for Cu (II) and Co (II), respectively, and a contact time of 120 mins and a temperature of 30°C. The experimental data fitted satisfactory to Freundlich isotherm model. The adsorption of metal ions has been fit by the particle diffusion model. The results revealed that gelatin and CNCs were identified as the low-cost and promising adsorption material for the removal of heavy metals from wastewater.
Prospective Analysis of Myocardial Strain Through The Evolution of Chagas Disease In The Hamster Animal Model
Authors: Ribeiro Fernando F.F. , Moreira Henrique T. , Filho Antônio L.C. Barros , Tanaka Denise M. , Fabricio Camila G. , Oliveira Luciano F.L. , Prado Cibele M. , Simoes Marcus V. , Schmidt Andre , Maciel Benedito C. , Marin-Neto Jose A. , R Minna M.D. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) enables early diagnosis of myocardial damage by evaluating myocardial strain. We aimed to study sequential changes in structural and ventricular functional parameters during Chagas disease (CD) natural history in an animal model. Methods: 37 Syrian hamsters were inoculated intraperitoneally with Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas) and 20 with saline (Control). Echocardiography was performed before the infection (baseline), at 1month (acute phase), 4, 6, and 8 months (chronic phase) using Vevo 2100 (Fujifilm Inc.) ultrasound system. Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), end-systolic diameter (LVESD), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), global longitudinal (GLS), circumferential (GCS) and radial (GRS) strain were evaluated. Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) was used to assess right ventricular function. At 8 months, animals were euthanized and LV myocardial samples were analyzed for quantitation of inflammation and fibrosis. Results: LVEF decreased over time in Chagas group and a difference from Control was detected at 6 months (p-value of groups#time interaction = 0.005). There was a pronounced decrease in GLS, GCS and TAPSE in Chagas group (p-value of groups#time interaction = 0.003 for GLS, < 0.001 for GCS and < 0.009 for TAPSE vs Control) since the first month. LVESD, LVEF and GLS were significantly correlated to the number of inflammatory cells (r= 0.41, p=0.046; r= -0.42, p=0.042; r=0.41, p=0.047) but not to fibrosis. Conclusions: In the Syrian hamster model of CD STE parameters (GLS and GCS) showed an early decrease. Changes in LVEF, LVESD, and GLS were correlated to myocardial inflammation but not to fibrosis.
Bidirectional Energy-based Pushover Procedure as a Fast Approach to Establish Approximate IDA Curves under Biaxial Seismic Excitations: An Evaluation for Medium- and High-rise Buildings
Authors: Soleimani Sahman , Moghadam Abdolreza Sarvghad , Aziminejad Armin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Bidirectional energy-based pushover (BEP) procedure is expanded in this paper to predict approximate incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) results of medium- and high-rise structures. BEP is a unique approach in the sense that it provides approximate IDA curves under the simultaneous effect of two horizontal components of ground motions and is applicable to both symmetric- and asymmetric-plan buildings. The method has already proved to be useful in low-rise buildings, and this study aims to evaluate its suitability for mid- and high-rise structures. Six structural models were considered in this evaluation in two groups of 9- and 20-story buildings, with each group consisting of a symmetric, a one-way asymmetric, and a two-way asymmetric-plan building. The results revealed that the method was sufficiently accurate to provide approximate IDA curves for all structural models. The method had similar accuracy in the asymmetric models as it did in the symmetric models, although the accuracy slightly decreased as the height of the building increased. BEP also provided good estimates of the demands in both ‘flexible’ and ‘stiff sides’ of the asymmetric buildings as well as the demands over the height of the buildings.
Measuring Economic, Social and Environmental Wellbeing of Asian Economies
Authors: Sharmin Mowshumi , Dey Sima Rani , Islam Tariqul 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study aims to address the economic, social and environmental wellbeing issues simultaneously by measuring the carbon intensity of wellbeing (CIWB) of Asian economies employing Prais-Winsten and pooled OLS estimator. The measure of carbon intensity of wellbeing (CIWB) is made taking into account a ratio of the two indicators-CO2 emissions per capita and life expectancy at birth. There is paucity of studies that concentrate on human and social wellbeing indicators (i.e., water, sanitation, life expectancy) together applying Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis. Therefore, we have also investigated the EKC hypothesis as this theory hypothesizes the link involving human and environmental wellbeing and development. The findings utilizing the two econometric techniques indicate that in both the estimation models urban population access to an improved water source and total population access to improved water source has consistently negative and significant effects on CIWB. The fertility rate and prevalence of HIV poses no threat to CIWB. These findings demonstrate that social and human wellbeing indicators of the Asian economies are sustainable to this moment as they are lowering CIWB which is desirable. Contrary, GDP per capita, exports as a percent of GDP and urban population have a significant and positive impact on CIWB which pose a challenge for the sustainability issue. We also have found the existence of EKC hypothesis indicating environmental quality will increase past a turning point. The findings of the paper are well matched with the view of ‘Economic and ecological modernization’ theory and ‘human ecology’ theory.JEL Classification: Q54; Q56; R11
Evaluation of Re-analyses Over China based on the Temporal Asymmetry of Daily Temperature Variability
Authors: Chai Wenmi , Huang Yu , Yang Lichao , Quan Heng , Fu Zuntao 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
As an intrinsic feature of daily surface air temperature (SAT) variability found in station measurements, temporal asymmetry (TA) can be taken as an evaluation metric to access the quality of SAT re-analysis product. In this study, TA calculated from four SAT variables, i.e. daily mean SAT (Tmean), daily maximum SAT (Tmax), daily minimum SAT (Tmin) and diurnal temperature range (TDTR=Tmax-Tmin), is applied to evaluate synoptic-scale performance of four reanalysis products (NCEP-2, JRA-55, ERA-I and ERA-5) over China. The results show that four re-analyses overall overestimate the TA of daily Tmax and Tmin variability over China, but with a comparatively consistent estimated TA for Tmean. Moreover, the TA of Tmean variability for these four re-analyses shares high spatial consistency with those from the observation. However, four re-analyses own the similar region-dependent spatial patterns of overestimated TA for Tmax and Tmin variability, especially for Tmax. Since high TA is an indicator for strong nonlinear feature, only Tmean reanalysis is the most suitable to explore synoptic-scale extreme events, such as heat waves and cold waves, which are highly related to the strong nonlinear processes.
A dimensionless framework for predicting submarine fan morphology
Authors: Wahab Abdul , Hoyal David , Shringarpure Mrugesh , Straub Kyle 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A remarkable diversity exists in the morphology and dynamics of submarine fans, which influence the transport of microplastics, burial of organic carbon, subsea geo-hazards, and their potential to house geofluids and high-resolution paleo-environmental records. Like river deltas, submarine fan morphology is a product of evolving fluid and sediment transport fields, but unlike their terrestrial counterparts, we lack a unifying framework to predict their morphology. Here, we simplify critical environmental forcings, like regional slopes and sediment properties, through a dimensionless framework defined by the densimetric Froude number (ratio of inertial to gravitational forces) and Rouse number (ratio of settling velocity of sediments to shear velocity) of turbidity currents. We explore this framework by leveraging a depth-averaged numerical model and measure fan rugosity as a proxy for their morphological complexity. We show a systematic increase in rugosity by either increasing the densimetric Froude number or decreasing the Rouse number of the simulated flows. These changes reflect observed gradients in the dynamics of channel migration and help discriminate submarine fans that have the potential to impact global climate through sequestration of organic carbon.
Heat and Cold-related Hospitalization Risk in North-East of Iran: A Time-stratified Case Crossover Design
Authors: Aboubakri Omid , Shoraka Hamid Reza , Ballester Joan , Sharafkhani Rahim 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: This study aimed to estimate hospitalization risk/number attributed to air extreme temperatures using time-stratified case crossover study and distributed lag non-linear model in a region of Iran during 2015-2019.Methods: A time-stratified case crossover design based on aggregated exposure data was used in this study. In order to have no overlap bias in the estimations, a fixed and disjointed window by using one-month strata was used in the design. A conditional Poisson regression model allowing for over dispersion (Quasi-Poisson) was applied into Distributed Lag Non-linear Model (DLNM). Different approaches were applied to estimate Optimum Temperature (OT). In the model, the interaction effect between temperature and humidity was assessed to see if the impact of heat or cold on Hospital Admissions (HAs) are different between different levels of humidity.Results: The cumulative effect of heat during 21 days was not significant and it was the cold that had significant cumulative adverse effect on all groups. While the number of HAs attributed to any ranges of heat, including medium, high, extreme and even all values were negligible, but a large number was attributable to cold values; about 10000 HAs were attributable to all values of cold temperature, of which about 9000 were attributed to medium range and about 1000 and less than 500 were attributed to high and extreme values of cold, respectively.Conclusion: This study highlights the need for interventions in cold seasons by policymakers. The results inform researchers as well as policy makers to address both men and women and elderly when any plan or preventive program is developed in the area under study.
Trans-epithelial Fluid Pumping Performance of Renal Epithelial Cells and Mechanics of Cystic Expansion
Authors: Choudhury Mohammad Ikbal , Li Yizeng , Mistriotis Panagiotis , Vasconcelos Ana , Dixson Eryn , Yang Jing , Benson Morgan , Maity Debonil , Walker Rebecca , Martin Leigha , Koroma Fatima , Qian Feng , Konstantopoulos Konstantinos , Woodward Owen , Sun Sean 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Using a novel microfluidic platform to recapitulate fluid transport activity of kidney cells, we report that renal epithelial cells can actively generate hydraulic pressure gradients across the epithelium. The fluidic flux declines with increasing hydraulic pressure until a stall pressure, at which the flux vanishes--in a manner similar to mechanical fluidic pumps. The developed pressure gradient translates to a force of 50-100 nanoNewtons per cell. For normal human kidney cells, the fluidic flux is from apical to basal, and the pressure is higher on the basal side. For human Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) cells, the fluidic flux is reversed from basal to apical with a higher stall pressure. Molecular studies and proteomic analysis reveal that renal epithelial cells are sensitive to hydraulic pressure gradients, developing different expression profiles and spatial arrangements of ion exchangers and the cytoskeleton in different pressure conditions. These results, together with data from osmotic and pharmacological perturbations of fluidic pumping, implicate mechanical force and hydraulic pressure as important variables during morphological changes in epithelial tubules, and provide further insights into pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the development of high luminal pressure within renal cysts.
Cinnamamide-Chalcone Derivatives as CDK2 Inhibitors: Synthesis, Pharmacological Evaluation, and Molecular Modelling Study
Authors: Joshi Akshada J. , Bhojwani Heena R. , Joshi Urmila , Begwani Khushboo V. , Wagal Ojas S. , Sathaye Sadhana S. , Kanchan Divya M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A series of 13 novel cinnamamide-chalcone derivatives (2a-2m) were synthesized and evaluated for their antiproliferative activity against MCF-7, K562, U373MG, and HT-29 cell lines by SRB assay. Considering the activities on MCF-7 cell line, eight compounds were tested for the in-vitro CDK2 inhibition and four (2g, 2h, 2k and 2l) were found to possess good activity (IC50<10µM). These four compounds were tested on EGFR kinase to assess the selectivity towards CDK2 and were found be nearly two times more selective. To corroborate the in-vitro enzyme assay data with binding, the compounds were docked into the CDK2 and EGFR using Glide software. The docking studies reveal that all eight compounds form hydrogen bonds with Lys33 (β-3 region) and Leu83 (hinge region) in CDK2 and the docking scores correlate well with the IC50 values. The most active compounds on CDK2 when docked in EGFR had lower docking scores. Only one compound interacts with Lys721 (β-3 region) and Met769 (hinge region). The stability of interactions with CDK2 was assessed for 2k and 2l by molecular dynamics simulation using Desmond software. In conclusion, three compounds possess excellent activity against MCF-7 cell line and good activity against CDK2.
Ovulation Patterns Affect the Offspring Sex Ratios and Change With the Women’s Age
Authors: Fukuda Misao , Fukuda Kiyomi , Mason Shawn , Tatsumi Kenichi , Shimizu Takashi , Akahori Taiichiro , Matsumoto Tsunekazu , Tahaara Masahiro , Andersen Claus Y 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate whether women’s ages at conception and the ratio of male to female infants are associated with various ovulation patterns.Methods An observational clinical study was conducted in private OB/GYN clinics. Infertile women with regular menstrual cycles receiving intrauterine insemination (IUI) and/or in-vitro fertilization (IVF) had their ovulation patterns monitored in three consecutive spontaneous cycles receiving infertility treatment in the third cycle. Ovulation patterns were also observed in women with slight ovulation disorders during IUI and/or IVF in clomiphene citrate stimulated cycles. All the pregnant women’s ages at conception and their respective offspring sex ratios were compared to various ovulation patterns. Results Contralateral ovulation (i.e. ovulation jumping from ovary to the other) was more often observed in relatively younger women, who showed a higher probability of having a boy than after ipsilateral ovulation. There was a significantly higher frequency of boys being conceived following three consecutive ovulations with a left-left-right (LLR) ovulation pattern, while three ovulations from the left ovary (LLL) were associated with a higher frequency of girls. We also found two consecutive menstrual cycles the left-right (LR) ovulation pattern showed a similar significant difference compared to the left-left (LL) ovulation. Both the infertile and infertile + fertile women groups showing right-sided ovulation, regardless of age, showed significantly higher offspring sex ratio compared to left-sided ovulation, which was not observed in the group of fertile women alone. Conclusions LLR, LR and contralateral ovulation happens more often in younger women and favors male offspring in infertile women. Right-sided ovulation favors male offspring in infertile and infertile + fertile women, which was not observed in the group of fertile women.
Streptococcal Meningitis Reveals the Presence of Residual Streptococci and Down-Regulated Aquaporin 4 in the Brain
Authors: Nakayama Tatsuya 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The pathology of streptococcal meningitis is poorly understood, even though streptococcal infection induces meningitis. The aim of this study was to clarify the relationship between streptococcal meningitis and aquaporin 4 (AQP4) in the mouse brain. After Streptococcus suis infection, the streptococcal number was calculated, and AQP4 mRNA expression in the brain was quantified at 2 and 7 days after infection. At 7 days post-infection, mice with neurological symptoms showed significantly higher S. suis levels in the brain than mice without neurological symptoms. AQP4 expression was significantly decreased in mice with neurological symptoms than in mice without neurological symptoms. Image analysis demonstrated that S. suis progressed to invade the white matter. Pathological analysis revealed that infected mouse brains had higher inflammation and neurological damage scores than uninfected mouse brains. Therefore, mice with neurological symptoms caused by streptococcal meningitis had high S. suis levels in the brain and reduced AQP4 expression.