bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The t10c12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomer prevents the development of obesity‐related hypertension by increasing plasma adiponectin and activating endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in fa/fa Zucker rats
Authors: DeClercq Vanessa , Taylor Carla G. , Zahradka Peter 
Published: June 2021

Obesity‐related hypertension may be due to increased activation of the adipose tissue renin‐angiotensin system (RAS) and/or reduced eNOS activity. CLA, a mixture of positional and geometric isomers of linoleic acid, has been shown to reduce blood pressure (BP) in obese insulin‐resistant rats. We investigated whether CLA isomers target RAS or eNOS by exploring expression of molecules related to BP regulation in obesity. Fa/fa Zucker rats were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups: (1) control (2) c9t11‐CLA (3) t10c12‐CLA (4) captopril. Systolic BP significantly increased in untreated obese rats during the 8‐week study. This increase of systolic BP was attenuated in the t10c12‐CLA isomer or captopril groups. Angiotensinogen, eNOS and adiponectin expression were examined by Western blot analysis and plasma adiponectin by ELISA. The t10c12‐CLA isomer increased plasma adiponectin levels however, no differences were seen in protein expression in white adipose tissue. Feeding the t10c12‐CLA isomer significantly increased phospho‐eNOS expression in white adipose tissue and the aorta. No changes were observed in angiotensinogen expression in white adipose tissue or aorta. In conclusion, the t10c12‐CLA isomer attenuates the development of obesity‐related hypertension, at least in part, by elevating circulating adiponectin and activating eNOS.Grant Funding SourceNSERC
n‐3 fatty acids are reduced in advanced cancer patients with sarcopenia
Authors: Murphy Rachel A , Mourtzakis Marina , Martin Lisa , Reiman Tony , Clandinin Tom MT , Mazurak Vera C 
Published: June 2021

Little is known about the essential fatty acid status of cancer patients at diagnosis and throughout treatment. Sarcopenia (depletion of skeletal muscle) is associated with physical disability and mortality in aging and chronic diseases but the relationship between body composition and nutritional status in cancer is unclear. The objective of this study was to measure n‐3 and n‐6 fatty acids in plasma phospholipids of advanced non‐small cell lung cancer patients. Total skeletal muscle cross‐sectional area (n=22) was evaluated using lumbar CT images. Cut‐points [?: <55.4 cm2/m2; ?: <38.9cm2/m2; Mourtzakis et al Appl Physiol Nutr Metabol 2008] were used to classify subjects as sarcopenic (n=13) or non‐sarcopenic (n=9). Phospholipids were isolated from plasma lipids using thin layer chromatography. Amounts and types of fatty acids were determined using gas liquid chromatography. Total n‐3 fatty acids of sarcopenic subjects were lower than non‐sarcopenic subjects (16±11µg/mL versus 35±10 µg/mL, p=0.001), with 45% lower 20:5n‐3(p=0.005) and 54% lower 22:6n‐3 (p=0.0098). This resulted in a two‐fold higher n6:n3 ratio (p=0.05) in the sarcopenic versus non‐sarcopenic subjects. Cancer patients with sarcopenia have pronounced alterations in lipid metabolism, specifically n‐3 fatty acids, suggesting an important relationship between muscle atrophy and essential fatty acid metabolism. (Supported by CIHR).Grant Funding SourceCanadian Institute for Health Research
Dietary carbohydrate level alters body composition and post‐prandial glycemic regulation
Authors: Lasker Denise A Walker , Layman Donald K 
Published: June 2021

Maintenance of blood glucose requires constant adjustments between hepatic release and insulin‐mediated peripheral uptake. Low carbohydrate (CARB), high protein diets are associated with improved insulin sensitivity and body composition. We propose metabolic thresholds reflecting low, moderate or high dietary CARB intake involving discrete changes in glycemic regulations in liver, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue serve to maintain glucose homeostasis and improve body composition. Male rats (N= 48, 150g) were adapted to a meal‐feeding protocol with 3 meals/d for 24 d. Diets provided CARB at: 58%(HC): 40%(MC): 25%(LC) of energy with fat at 30%. Rats were killed at 0 and 80 min. post‐prandial (pp). Glucose uptake was determined by injection of 2‐deoxy‐D‐[2,6‐3H]‐glucose 60 min before tissue collection. Measurements included plasma glucose and insulin, tissue Akt and glycogen and gene expression of gluconeogenic enzymes. Although LC ate less than MC or HC, final body weight differed only with HC weighing less than MC (P<0.05). Tissue weights revealed difference in body composition: LC had less adipose than MC and HC and both LC and MC had more muscle than HC (P<0.01). While no differences were seen in plasma glucose, insulin at 80 min. pp was lower in LC vs. MC or HC (P<0.05). Decreased CARB levels promote better body composition and pp glycemic regulation.Support: Illinois Council of Food and Agricultural Research.Grant Funding SourceIllinois Council of Food and Agricultural Research
Food intake, appetite, gut hormones, and resting energy expenditure in resistance trained vs. sedentary older adults
Authors: Apolzan John W , Leidy Heather J , Mattes Richard D , Campbell Wayne W 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo assess the effects of chronic resistance training (RT) on food intake, appetite, fasting gut hormones, and energy expenditure (EE) in 16 RT and 35 sedentary (Sed) older persons (62‐84 y).MethodsFree‐living energy intake and appetite sensations (hunger, fullness and desire to eat) were assessed on 3 days (2 weekdays, 1 weekend day) and fasting‐state resting EE, plasma glucose and gut hormones (Cholecystokinin, CCK; glucagon‐like peptide‐1, GLP‐1; insulin; ghrelin) were measured.ResultsMaximum strength was higher for RT (8.3 ± 0.3) vs. Sed [6.9 ± 0.2 kg/kg fat free mass (*, p<0.05); mean ± SE]. RT did not affect total energy (RT 2079 ± 79 vs. Sed 1995 ± 66 kcal/d), protein, carbohydrate and fat intakes. Hunger and desire to eat area under the curve (AUC) values were not different between groups. Fullness AUC was lower in RT (0.4 ± 0.2) vs. Sed (0.9 ± 0.3* AU·720 min). EE was not different between groups, and respiratory exchange ratio tended to be lower in the RT (0.87 ± 0.00) vs. Sed (0.89 ± 0.01, p=0.06). CCK was higher in RT (0.71 ± 0.38) vs. Sed (0.51 ± 0.05* ng/mL), and GLP‐1 was lower in RT (0.31 ± 0.32) vs. Sed (1.45 ± 0.19* ng/mL). RT did not affect glucose, insulin, and ghrelin.ConclusionsRT alters fasting concentrations of CCK and GLP‐1. However, despite the isolated differences in appetitive sensations and gut hormones, RT did not influence EI.Grant Funding SourceNIH R01 AG021911, Purdue Bilsland Fellowship
Dietary resistant starch significantly increased food intake in aged mice in response to an energy deficit
Authors: Zhou Jun , Keenan Michael J , Bruce‐Keller Annadora , Keller Jeffery , Fernandez‐Kim Sun Ok , Pistell Paul , Tulley Richard T , Raggio Anne M , Shen Li , Zhang Hanjie , Martin Roy J 
Published: June 2021

Aging is associated with poor energy sensing and decline in appetite. Both elderly humans and aged rodents fail to increase compensatory food intake after fasting. This failure of response to acute energy deficits means impaired regulation of energy homeostasis. Resistant starch (RS) is a fermentable fiber. Dietary RS improves the control of energy homeostasis in young animals. Here, we tested similar effects in aged mice. Two year old male C57BL/6J mice were fed an 18% or a 36% resistant starch diet for 8 weeks and fasted for 12‐13 hours before being fed their regular assigned treatment diets. Compensatory food intake was measured at 1, 2, and 4 hours after the re‐feeding. RS fed mice had significantly higher food intake than controls at 1 hour for the 18% RS, at 2 hours for the 36% RS (P<0.01), and at 4 hours for both RS groups (P<0.05). The study was ended at week 9. Both RS groups had similar body weight, body fat, liver weight, and spleen weight as the controls. Ex vivo splenic responses to mitogens were also similar between control and RS groups. However, RS fed mice had increased cecal content and empty cecal weight which are indicators of fermentation. Thus, aged mice respond to increased doses of RS with increased fermentation.Conclusionwithout any observed adverse effects, dietary RS promotes fermentation and increases food intake in response to an energy deficit in aged mice.
Dietary fiber does not influence satiety, glucose, and insulin levels in a dose‐dependent manner
Authors: Willis Holly J , Thomas William , Eldridge Alison L , Harkness Laura , Green Hilary , Slavin Joanne 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionConventional wisdom suggests that dietary fiber increases satiety while lowering glucose and insulin response. We hypothesized that there would be a dose dependent effect.MethodsHealthy men (n = 10) and women (n = 10) with a body mass index of 23.7 ± 0.5 (mean ± SEM) participated in this randomized, double‐blind, crossover study. On four separate visits, fasting subjects consumed a muffin with 0, 4, 8, or 12 g of mixed fibers. Muffins had 500 calories and similar macronutrient content. Hunger and satiety were measured with visual analogue scales and blood was drawn to measure glucose and insulin for 3‐hr after muffin consumption.ResultsIn all satiety measures, muffins with 12 g of fiber were significantly more satiating than muffins with 0 g of fiber. Muffins with 4 g and 8 g of fiber produced intermediate satiety. Glucose and insulin response did not correlate with satiety responses or fiber dose. Glucose area under the curve (AUC) was significantly lower after 0 g fiber compared to all other treatments. Insulin AUC was significantly lower after 0 g fiber compared to 4 g fiber, but was indistinguishable from 8 g or 12 g fiber.ConclusionIn this study, the effects of dietary fiber were not dose dependent. Glucose and insulin levels were not consistently lower with increasing doses of fiber. However, satiety ratings were consistently higher after 12 g of fiber than after no fiber.Nestle Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland supported this research.Grant Funding SourceNestle Research Center
Vitamin D status is associated with total and regional fat mass in lactating adolescents
Authors: Bezerra Flávia F. , Mendonça Laura M.C. , Donangelo Carmen M. 
Published: June 2021

The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of serum concentrations of vitamin D (25OHD) and PTH with body composition in 28 lactating adolescents (15‐18y). Total bone mineral content (BMC), total lean mass, and total and regional (trunk, arms and legs) fat mass were assessed by DXA. Serum 25OHD and iPTH were determined by radioimmunoassay and chemiluminescent assay, respectively. Concentrations of 25OHD varied in a range (49‐75.5 nmol/L) below the proposed cutoff for adequacy (80 nmol/L). Serum 25OHD correlated negatively with serum iPTH (r=‐0.57, P<0.01) and positively with BMC (r=0.56, P<0.01) and total lean mass (r=0.56, P<0.01). In contrast to observations in other physiologic states, serum 25OHD was also positively associated with total body weight (r=0.61, P<0.001) and with fat mass in total body (r=0.57, P<0.05), trunk (r=0.55, P<0.01), arms (r=0.49, P<0.05) and legs (r=0.51, P<0.01). Serum iPTH was not associated with body composition measurements. Our results suggest that the influence of fat mass on vitamin D status may vary according to physiologic state. The mobilization of fat stores characteristic of lactation may contribute to increase circulating 25OHD levels, although this needs further investigation.Financial support: CNPq and FAPERJ (Brazil)
Contribution of complementary feeding (CF) to nutrient intake of low‐income rural infants, aged 6 to 12 mo, in Guatemala City: Macro‐ and micronutrient intakes and adequacy of daily recommendations
Authors: Hernandez Liza Mariana , Campos Raquel , Solomons Noel W. 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo quantify macro‐ and micronutrient intakes from CF, with and without an estimated contribution from maternal milk (MM), and assess the contributions to nutritional needs of low‐income, rural infants.Methods3 non‐consecutive 24‐h recalls were collected from mothers of 64 infants, aged 6‐12 mo, in the rural, highland village of Santo Domingo Xenacoj. The WHO/FAO recommended nutrient intakes (RNI) were standards for adequacy. We modeled MM intake based on total energy recommendations.ResultsThe estimated total daily energy intake was 660±64 kcal (549 ‐ 873 kcal). The dietary energy contribution from CF alone was 401±191 kcal (10‐873 kcal), with that from MM constituting 256±175 kcal (31‐873 kcal). The percentage macronutrient distribution for the whole diet was:12%, prot%; 74%, CHO; and 14%, fat. The median intakes of the micronutrients from the combination of CF and BM were: 279 RAE, vit A; 19.4 mg, vit C; 0.2 mg, thi; 0.4 mg, ribo; 4.9 mg, nia; 146 mg, fol; 201, Ca; 4.4 mg, Fe; and 2.6 mg, Zn. The overall percentage of children who did not achieve the FAO/WHO RNIs were: 67%, vit A; 89%, vit C; 26%, thi; 55%, ribo; 36%, nia; 16%, fol; 89%, Ca; 94%; Fe, and 87%, Zn 0.6.ConclusionsVitamin A, Ca, Fe and Zn remain problem nutrients in this population. Home fortification or a fortified d must be considered as a public health measure for this community.Funded in part by Sight & Life and Wyeth Nutrition
Predictors of Hypertension Among HIV Infected Adults in Botswana, Africa
Authors: Dusara Priti , Bussmann Hermann , Lima Claudia , Tsalaile Lesedi , Makhema Joe , Campa Adriana , Widenfelt Erik , Sales Sabrina , Li Yinghui , Burns Patricia J , Marlink Richard , Baum Marianna K 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo examine the relationship of body composition with hypertension (HTN) in asymptomatic HIV+ adults.MethodsAfter consenting, 746 asymptomatic HIV+ adults were given demographic and nutritional questionnaires. Anthropometries were taken, and Body Mass Index (BMI) calculated. HTN was defined as a diagnosis of HTN in the medical record, treatment for HTN, or having a blood pressure >140/90. Student t‐test and linear regression models were used.ResultsThe mean age of the participants was 33.4±8.0 years, 72.48% were women and 18.5% had HTN. Those with HTN were significantly older (38.3±8.7 vs 32.2±7.4, p=<.0001), had higher BMI (26.1±6.2 vs 23.9±4.5 kg/m2, p=0.0001), lean body mass kg (48.5±10.9 vs 45.6±7.9, p=0.0036), fat mass kg (22.7±11.9 vs 18.6±8.3, p=0.0002), and fat mass % (30.5±9.6 vs 28.2±9.0, p=0.0095) than those without HTN. Lean body mass/total mass, however, was lower in those with HTN (69.4±9.6 vs 71.7±9.0, p=0.0095). When all the significant variables were entered into regression analyses with systolic pressure, only waist (p=0.034) and hip size (p=0.041) remained significant after adjusting for age and gender.ConclusionsThe prevalence of HTN among asymptomatic HIV+ adults in Botswana is higher than that of the general population (7.8%) in the same age groups. Of the risk factors considered, waist and hip size were the best predictors of HTN.Supported by NIDA
Water: consumption; total water sources; and adequacy in terms of the recommended daily intakes in one‐day diet records of urban Guatemalan schoolchildren
Authors: Montenegro‐Bethancourt Gabriela , Vossenaar Marieke , Doak Colleen , Solomons Noel W. 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundThe US. Institute of Medicine developed DRIs for total daily water in 2005. Lack of specifying drinking water intake in most dietary surveys limits using this reference in population studies.AimTo quantify Total Daily Water Acquisition (TDWA) and its various individual and composite components.MethodsA field dietary survey in 449 3rd and 4th graders in Quetzaltenango, was conducted using 1‐d pictorial registries of all beverages and foods consumed over a 24‐h period. A nutrient database for 247 food and beverages items was created. All water sources, including plain, in beverages, and in foods (=Total Water Intake {TWI} of the 2005 DRI) were combined. Additionally, metabolic water (from the oxidation of macronutrients) was added for the TDWA calculation. Gender‐specific reference values for Adequate Intake of TWI for 9‐11 y/o children were used.Results28% of children consumed plain water; the average intake in this subgroup was 491±350 mL. Mean TWI was 1574±429 mL for girls and 1571±519 mL for boys, compared to the respective DRI AIs of 2100 and 2400 mL. Partitioned across the whole sample, the percent contributions to TDWA were: 6.9% plain water; 49.4%, beverages; 29.1%, foods; and 14.7%, metabolic water.ConclusionDaily water acquisition in these children was low, in part due to low participation in drinking plain water.Funded in part by Sight & Life, Basel and Nestlé Waters Co, Paris
Associations of maternal folate status with serum C‐reactive protein level in pregnant women
Authors: Kim Hyesook , Choi Hyung In , Kim Ki Nam , Ha Eun‐Hee , Park Hyesook , Ha Mina , Kim Yangho , Hong Yun‐Chul , Chang Namsoo 
Published: June 2021

Folate deficiency and elevated serum C‐reactive protein (CRP) concentration in pregnant women is known to be related to adverse pregnancy outcomes, but relationship between serum folate and CRP levels not has been explored. In 480 pregnant women of 12‐28 weeks of gestation, the association between serum levels of folate and CRP was evaluated. Dietary intake data was collected by the semiquantitative food frequency method for usual intake over one year prior to pregnancy and 24‐hour recall method for the intake one day before blood sampling. Serum folate and CRP levels were analyzed by the radioimmunoassay and high sensitivity immuno‐turbidimetirc assay, respectively. Maternal serum folate at parturition was positively correlated with folate intake during pregnancy (p<0.05). Maternal serum folate during pregnancy (p<0.05) and at parturition (p<0.01) was negatively correlated with serum CRP at parturition. Further studies are warranted to explore the mechanisms underlying the associations between serum folate and CRP levels, and also the implications of these results in relation to adverse pregnancy outcomes.This work was supported by the Ministry of Environment and the 2nd stage of Brain Korea 21 project in 2008
Determination of plasma glucose enrichment in human subjects after primed, constant infusions of 13C‐glycine before and after dietary vitamin B‐6 restriction
Authors: da Silva Vanessa Rodrigues , Lamers Yvonne , Ralat Maria , Gilbert Lesa , Keeling Christine , Stacpoole Peter , Gregory Jesse F 
Published: June 2021

Pyridoxal 5′‐phosphate (PLP) is involved in the production of glucogenic substrates via its role as a coenzyme for transamination reactions. A deficiency of vitamin B‐6 leads to impaired availability of glucogenic amino acids in rats and may affect glucose synthesis rates. This study aims to assess the impact of marginal vitamin B‐6 deficiency (plasma PLP 20 ‐30 nM) on gluconeogenesis from glycine in humans. We report here the feasibility of determining the rate and extent of glucose synthesis from an infused precursor. Thirteen healthy men and women received primed, constant infusions of 9.26 µmol/(kg*h) [1,2‐13C2]glycine before and after a 28‐d dietary vitamin B‐6 restriction. Plasma glucose was analyzed by positive chemical ionization gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry following preparation of glucose aldonitrile pentaacetate derivatives. This infusion protocol yields glycine M+2 enrichment of 5.2 mole % excess (MPE), with serine M+1 and serine M+2 enrichment of 0.7 and 1.4 MPE, respectively. Plasma glucose M+1 enrichment in this protocol was approximately 0.4 MPE. Investigation is underway to determine glucose synthesis rates and evaluate the effect of vitamin B‐6 status on gluconeogenesis. Supported by NIH grant DK072398 and GCRC grant M01‐RR00082.Grant Funding SourceNIH
Evaluation of purslane on selective cardiovascular biomarkers in liver and heart tissue of hamsters
Authors: Dawkins Norma L , Williams Tiffany A. , Pace Ralphenia D 
Published: June 2021

Many traditional vegetables consumed by African Americans contain cardio‐protective nutrients that may reduce risk associated with CVD. This study evaluated the effectiveness of purslane on liver and heart lipids, vitamin E, vitamin C, and glutathione peroxidase. Lipid values, vitamin C and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were determined using diagnostic kits and vitamin E was determined using HPLC. Sixty Golden Syrian hamsters were fed diets containing two levels of fat [12% & 45%] and purslane [2% and 4%]. A total of six diets were fed including two controls, a low and high fat. Data was analyzed using ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test.In liver and heart tissues, total cholesterol, LDL‐C and triacylglycerols (TAGs) significantly decreased in low and high fat diets containing both levels of purslane (P< 0.05) and HDL‐C increased. Vitamin E significantly increased in animals fed the normal and high fat diets, supplemented with low and high purslane. The levels of GPx increased (P< 0.02) in animals fed the high fat high purslane diet compared to the control and low purslane group. Liver ascorbic decreased in the normal and high fat diet compared to the control. The results from this study indicate that consumption of purslane may selectively decrease CVD risks by increasing vitamin E and HDL levels and decreasing athrogenic lipids.
Nitric oxide and cytokine release induced by goat milk: nutraceutical application to human immune response modulation
Authors: Jirillo Emilio , Cianciulli Antonia , Jirillo Felicita , D'Alessandro Angela Gabriella , Magrone Thea , Martemucci Giovanni , Panaro Maria Antonietta 
Published: June 2021

Goat milk has been used in the diet as an alternative to bovine milk, but little is known about its properties on the immune system. The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of three different types of goat milks on the in vitro responses by normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). We used commercial goat milk (Amalattea) and goat milks from two different Apulia locations in Italy (Jonica and Saanen). PBMC were stimulated for 24 hrs with milk alone or in presence of Escherichia coli LPS to evaluate the nitric oxide (NO) and cytokine release. Results demonstrated that goat milks‐treated PBMC exhibited greater NO levels when compared to untreated cells. NO levels resulted significantly higher vs samples treated with LPS alone. The commercial milk was able to induce higher amounts of NO in comparison to the other two. As far as cytokine response is concerned, Th1 response was not observed since IFN‐gamma and IL‐2 were secreted in negligible amounts. Release of IL‐4, IL‐13 and IL‐5 indicates a polarization of immune response toward the Th2 type. Production of IL‐10 and TGF‐beta justified inhibition of Th1 response and low production of TNF‐alpha. IL‐17a and IL‐6 were not released at all, whereas G‐CSF generation supports the concept of a robust inflammatory response elicited by all milks. Overall, these results demonstrate that goat milks may exert immunostimulating activities suggesting their therapeutic potential in the prevention of chronic disease.Work supported by a grant of "INTERREG III/A ‐ Greece‐Italy".