bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Images of dark skin in top emergency medicine journals: A cross‐sectional analysis of images of emergent cutaneous disorders
Authors: Bell Geovonni , Holmes Sherita , Gillespie Scott , Wood Anna , Murray Brittany L. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionEmergency medicine (EM) physicians must recognize emergent cutaneous disorders (CDs) in patients of all skin tones. In other medical specialties, images of CDs in light‐skinned individuals (LSI) are published more frequently than images of CDs in dark‐skinned individuals (DSI). This study aims to determine the representation of LSI versus DSI in images of emergent CDs published in top EM journals.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional analysis of CD images published from 2015 to 2020 in the six most influential EM journals as determined by Eigenfactor. The 2016 Model of the Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine (EM Model) by the American Board of Emergency Medicine was used to classify CDs as “emergent,” “nonemergent,” or “not listed.” The Fitzpatrick skin tone scale was used to classify skin tone as light, dark, or indeterminate. Two blinded reviewers classified each image; for disagreements, a third blinded reviewer determined the final classification. Descriptive statistics and chi‐square were used to analyze the data. A kappa coefficient was used to determine reviewer agreement (LSI vs. DSI), and a weighted kappa coefficient was used for agreement between individual Fitzpatrick categories.ResultsThere were 314 images of CDs. Forty images were indeterminate, and one image was excluded, leaving 273. Of the 273 images analyzed, 44.0% were emergent, 8.0% were nonemergent, and 48.0% were not listed in the EM Model. DSI comprised 13.6% of images. For emergent CDs, 85.0% were LSI versus 15.0% DSI. For nonemergent CDs, 27.3% were DSI, and for CDs not listed in the EM Model, 9.9% were DSI. The kappa coefficient for reviewer agreement between LSI and DSI was 0.76 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.65 to 0.87) and the weighted kappa coefficient for agreement between Fitzpatrick categories was 0.70 (95% CI = 0.64 to 0.76), showing substantial agreement.ConclusionFor emergent and nonemergent CDs, images of LSI were published more than those of DSI in top EM journals.
Mobilizing bystanders to address microaggressions in the workplace: The case for a systems‐change approach to Getting A (Collective) GRIP
Authors: Bond Meg A. , Haynes‐Baratz Michelle C. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMicroaggressions present significant barriers to the entry and advancement of individuals from marginalized groups within the workplace. Their ubiquity, coupled with their harmful impact, creates an urgent need for organizations to mitigate them to foster truly equitable and inclusive work environments. In this paper, we present a bystander‐focused approach to address this particular form of workplace bias. Informed by the empirical literature and grounded in socioecological principles, we underscore the importance of a systems‐change approach to the development and implementation of any bystander program. We describe ways to incorporate social–ecological sensibilities into the substance of the training itself by outlining our “Get A (Collective) GRIP” framework. This framework emphasizes the need for active bystanders to employ an ecological scan that includesAssessing what happened, determining one'sGoals for intervening, considering theRelationships among those involved in the incident (target/s, transgressor/s, and witness/es), taking into account theInstitutional context in which the incident occurs, and being attuned to structural issues andPower dynamics within the context. Finding ways to address microaggressions that embody systemic analyses has transformative potential for the workplace and doing so through activating bystanders to alter local social norms is an area that has tremendous promise in this regard.
Bi‐allelic PAGR1 variants are associated with microcephaly and a severe neurodevelopmental disorder: Genetic evidence from two families
Authors: Daum Hagit , Ganapathi Mythily , Hirsch Yoel , Griffin Emily L. , LeDuc Charles A. , Hagen Jacob , Yagel Simcha , Meiner Vardiella , Chung Wendy K. , Mor‐Shaked Hagar 
Published: September 2021

AbstractExome and genome sequencing were used to identify the genetic etiology of a severe neurodevelopmental disorder in two unrelated Ashkenazi Jewish families with three affected individuals. The clinical findings included a prenatal presentation of microcephaly, polyhydramnios and clenched hands while postnatal findings included microcephaly, severe developmental delay, dysmorphism, neurologic deficits, and death in infancy. A shared rare homozygous, missense variant (c.274A > G; p.Ser92Gly, NM_024516.4) was identified in PAGR1, a gene currently not associated with a Mendelian disease. PAGR1 encodes a component of the histone methyltransferase MLL2/MLL3 complex and may function in the DNA damage response pathway. Complete knockout of the murine Pagr1a is embryonic‐lethal. Given the available evidence, PAGR1 is a strong candidate gene for a novel autosomal recessive severe syndromic neurodevelopmental disorder.
Charge‐State Distributions of Highly Charged Lead Ions at Relativistic Collision Energies
Authors: Kröger Felix M. , Weber Günter , Hirlaender Simon , Alemany‐Fernandez Reyes , Krasny Mieczyslaw W. , Stöhlker Thomas , Tolstikhina Inga Yu. , Shevelko Viacheslav P. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study describes the charge‐state evolution of relativistic lead ions passing through a thin aluminum stripper foil. It is motivated by the Gamma Factory project at CERN, where optical laser pulses will be converted into intense gamma‐ray beams with energies up to a few hundred MeV, achieved via excitation of atomic transitions in few‐electron heavy‐ions at highly relativistic velocities. The recently developed BREIT code is employed together with theoretical cross‐sections for single‐electron loss and capture of the projectile ions. All charge‐states starting from Pb54 + up to bare ions are considered at kinetic projectile energies of 4.2 and 5.9 GeV u−1. During recent Gamma Factory beam tests, the calculated preparatory predictions allow to effectively produce Pb80 + and Pb81 + ions from Pb54 + in the transfer beam line between the PS and SPS synchrotron accelerators at CERN and consequently, to store partially stripped ions in the LHC for the very first time. Reasonable agreement is found between the calculations and the very few experimental data available. The study lays the groundwork to optimize the yields of charge states of interest for experiments within the future Gamma Factory project, including the upcoming Gamma Factory Proof‐of‐Principle experiment for which predictions for the production of Pb79 + are presented.
Direct 1,2‐Dicarbonylation of Alkenes towards 1,4‐Diketones via Photocatalysis
Authors: Cheng Yuan‐Yuan , Yu Ji‐Xin , Lei Tao , Hou Hong‐Yu , Chen Bin , Tung Chen‐Ho , Wu Li‐Zhu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract1,4‐Dicarbonyl compounds are intriguing motifs and versatile precursors in numerous pharmaceutical molecules and bioactive natural compounds. Direct incorporation of two carbonyl groups into a double bond at both ends is straightforward, but also challenging. Represented herein is the first example of 1,2‐dicarbonylation of alkenes by photocatalysis. Key to success is that N(n‐Bu)4+ not only associates with the alkyl anion to avoid protonation, but also activates the α‐keto acid to undergo electrophilic addition. The α‐keto acid is employed both for acyl generation and electrophilic addition. By tuning the reductive and electrophilic ability of the acyl precursor, unsymmetric 1,4‐dicarbonylation is achieved for the first time. This metal‐free, redox‐neutral and regioselective 1,2‐dicarbonylation of alkenes is executed by a photocatalyst for versatile substrates under extremely mild conditions and shows great potential in biomolecular and drug molecular derivatization.
Addressing the Gap, Advancing the Knowledge: Guidance for the Abstract Reviewer
Authors: Orozco Gwendelyn S. , Barreras Rudy R. , Hicks Rodney W. 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTConferences often offer a wide variety of informative podium, expert panel, and poster presentations. Conference planners use an abstract review process to select abstracts for the presentations. Although guidance exists for writing abstracts, much less information is available on reviewing abstracts and what constitutes an appropriate review. This article provides an overview of the role of an abstract reviewer and information that potential reviewers can use to improve the quality of their reviews. A competent reviewer should possess current knowledge of the profession and working knowledge of research methodology, data collection strategies, and analyses to assess an abstract. Abstract reviewers should consider the abstract in the context of the planned conference attendees, remain objective throughout the review process, and complete the review in a timely manner. Conference planners rely on objective reviews to ensure the selection of quality abstracts, which can lead to a successful conference that advances professional knowledge.
Demystifying the Institutional Review Board
Authors: Hicks Rodney W. , Hines Kelli , Henson Bradley 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTPerioperative nurses are responsible for generating and using evidence to improve patient care. To protect human participants during research activities, government regulations enacted after widely publicized research misconduct specify that institutions receiving federal funds must have an institutional review board (IRB) comprising at least five members. Board members have many responsibilities, including completing a thorough review of each section of the application and attachments (eg, consent documents). To expedite the IRB approval processes, applicants should create and submit a well‐written application. Applicants should understand that the application addresses the important ethical concepts of respect for persons, beneficence, and justice. Quality improvement activities (ie, local activities that seek to improve patient care or clinical outcomes) differ from research activities that focus on creating new knowledge. Depending on the purpose, design, and generalizability of a quality improvement project, the applicant may need to submit the project to the IRB for approval.
An Overview of Quality Improvement Processes and Data Analysis in Perioperative Nursing Practice
Authors: de Peralta Shelly S. , Dodge Kari A. , Jones Renata A. 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTAORN sets quality improvement (QI) standards that nurses can use to collect and interpret data. There are a variety of benchmarks available from national organizations and regulatory bodies: AORN provides evidence‐based guidelines for perioperative practice, whereas The Joint Commission and the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services specify patient care requirements. Nurses can use the subject, objective observations, analysis, and plan (SOAP) format to assess, diagnose, plan, and communicate information related to the QI process to key stakeholders. When participating in QI activities, perioperative nurses may find it helpful to understand the importance of values that measure location (eg, mean, median, mode) and variability; display data in a visual format (eg, histogram, run chart), and determine significance (eg, t test, P value). An understanding of QI processes should help nurses work to improve patient care and evaluate effectiveness of the actions through statistical analysis.
Creating a Cognitive Aid for Use During Intraoperative Power Failures
Authors: Jackson Rachel R. , Morgan Brett , Leddy Regina M. , Tola Denise H. 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTAn intraoperative power failure (IOPF) is a complete or partial absence of the electrical power supply with or without the availability of a backup generator system during an operative or other invasive procedure. An IOPF can be stressful for the OR team and puts surgical patients at risk for adverse outcomes. To prepare providers for an IOPF, a CRNA piloted a project to create an evidence‐based, facility‐specific cognitive aid (CA) to guide decision making and enhance patient management and outcomes during an IOPF. The project team tested the battery‐power capabilities of essential anesthesia equipment, including anesthesia gas machines, IV pumps, and vital sign monitors, and included the results in the CA. A needs assessment survey was sent to the anesthesia professionals at the facility to promote clinician buy‐in and solicit feedback for creating the CA.
A new look at the critical observability of finite state machines from an algebraic viewpoint
Authors: Yan Yongyi , Deng He , Chen Zengqiang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe traditional critical observability of FSMs refers to the possibility of detecting if the current state of an FSM belongs to a critical set for any input. In practical applications, the input is always of finite length, and we may only care about some critical states at a given time step or the inverse problem that how to find all possible inputs moving an FSM to a critical state of interest. Thus, we propose two new concepts about critical observability to cope with these two cases. Using the algebraic model of FSMs proposed in recent years, we propose several algebraic criteria for these types of critical observability. Moreover, the results are also applicable to large‐scale networks of FSMs.
Multifaceted antiviral therapeutic potential of dietary flavonoids: Emerging trends and future perspectives
Authors: Sharma Varruchi , Sehrawat Nirmala , Sharma Ajay , Yadav Mukesh , Verma Pawan , Sharma Anil K. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPhytochemicals are the natural biomolecules produced by plants via primary or secondary metabolism, which have been known to have many potential health benefits to human beings. Flavonoids or phytoestrogens constitute a major group of such phytochemicals widely available in variety of vegetables, fruits, herbs, tea, and so forth, implicated in a variety of bio‐pharmacological and biochemical activities against diseases including bacterial, viral, cancer, inflammatory, and autoimmune disorders. More recently, these natural biomolecules have been shown to have effective antiviral properties via therapeutically active ingredients within them, acting at different stages of infection. Current review emphasizes upon the role of these flavonoids in physiological functions, prevention and treatment of viral diseases. More so the review focuses specifically upon the antiviral effects exhibited by these natural biomolecules against RNA viruses including coronaviruses. Furthermore, the article would certainly provide a lead to the scientific community for the effective therapeutic antiviral use of flavonoids using potential cost‐effective tools for improvement of the pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, and biodistribution of such compounds for the concrete action along with the promotion of human health.
An optimal multiarmed response adaptive design for survival outcome with independent censoring
Authors: Das Soumyadeep , Bhattacharya Rahul 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCompromising ethics and precision in the context of a multiarmed clinical trial, an optimal order adjusted response adaptive design is proposed for survival outcomes subject to independent random censoring. The operating characteristics of the proposed design and the follow‐up inference are studied both theoretically as well as empirically and are compared with those of the competitors. Applicability of the developed design is further illustrated through redesigning a real clinical trial with survival responses.
Manufacturing a chimpanzee adenovirus‐vectored SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine to meet global needs
Authors: Joe Carina C. D. , Jiang Jinlin , Linke Thomas , Li Yuanyuan , Fedosyuk Sofiya , Gupta Gaurav , Berg Adam , Segireddy Rameswara R. , Mainwaring David , Joshi Amar , Cashen Paul , Rees Byron , Chopra Nitin , Nestola Piergiuseppe , Humphreys Jonathan , Davies Sarah , Smith Nick , Bruce Scott , Verbart Dennis , Bormans Daan , Knevelman Carol , Woodyer Mark , Davies Lee , Cooper Lisa , Kapanidou Maria , Bleckwenn Nicole , Pappas Daniel , Lambe Teresa , Smith Daniel C. , Green Catherine M. , Venkat Raghavan , Ritchie Adam J. , Gilbert Sarah C. , Turner Richard , Douglas Alexander D. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractManufacturing has been the key factor limiting rollout of vaccination during the COVID‐19 pandemic, requiring rapid development and large‐scale implementation of novel manufacturing technologies. ChAdOx1 nCoV‐19 (AZD1222, Vaxzevria) is an efficacious vaccine against SARS‐CoV‐2, based upon an adenovirus vector. We describe the development of a process for the production of this vaccine and others based upon the same platform, including novel features to facilitate very large‐scale production. We discuss the process economics and the “distributed manufacturing” approach we have taken to provide the vaccine at globally‐relevant scale and with international security of supply. Together, these approaches have enabled the largest viral vector manufacturing campaign to date, providing a substantial proportion of global COVID‐19 vaccine supply at low cost.
Risk factors associated with suicide in adolescents and young adults (AYA) with cancer
Authors: Heynemann Sarah , Thompson Kate , Moncur Donovan , Silva Sandun , Jayawardana Madawa , Lewin Jeremy 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundHigher rates of death by suicide are recognized both in individuals of any age with cancer and, separately, among adolescents and young adults (AYA) without cancer. Given this intersection, identifying risk factors associated with suicidal risk among AYA with cancer is critical.ObjectiveTo identify characteristics associated with suicide among AYA with cancer.MethodsA retrospective analysis of AYA (aged 15–39) during 1975–2016 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database was conducted. Clinical and demographic factors associated with death by suicide among the AYA cancer population were compared to (i) US population normative data (standardized mortality ratios [SMRs]) and (ii) other AYA individuals with cancer (odds ratios).ResultsIn total, 922 suicides were found in 500,366 AYA with cancer (0.18%), observed for 3,198,261 person‐years. The SMR for AYA with cancer was 34.1 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 31.4–36.9). Suicide risk was particularly high in females (SMR = 43.4, 95% CI: 37.2–50.4), unmarried persons (SMR = 50.6, 95% CI: 44.7–57.1), those with metastatic disease (SMR = 45.2, 95% CI: 33.1–60.3), or certain histological subtypes (leukemia, central nervous system, and soft tissue sarcoma). Risk generally reduced over time, however remained elevated ≥5 years following a cancer diagnosis (SMR > 5 years = 28.1, 95% CI: 25.4–31.0). When comparing those who died from suicide and those who did not, the following factors demonstrated significant associations: sex (males > females), race (White ethnicity > Black/other ethnicity), relationship status (never married > other), and disease stage (distant > localized).ConclusionsDeath due to suicide/non‐accidental injury is high compared to normative data, requiring increased awareness among health‐care providers, suicide risk monitoring in AYA, and appropriately tailored psychosocial interventions.
Saudi therapists' lived experience of self‐awareness
Authors: Al‐khodair Noor Abdullah , Alrawaf Eiman Abdulrahman 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSelf‐awareness and self‐reflection in psychotherapeutic processes have been critical components for effective counselling and psychotherapy. However, little qualitative research in Saudi Arabia has been conducted that aims to explore the therapist's subjective experiences of the self in their professional work. Therefore, the purpose of this phenomenological study was to understand the therapist's self‐awareness within psychotherapy, by focusing on the therapist's lived experience of self‐awareness and exploring how therapists recognise themselves as an integral component of the therapeutic relationship. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with six experienced and accredited psychologists with at least three years of clinical experience, and the qualitative data were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). Five superordinate themes emerged from the data; that is, development of the professional self, use of self, self‐oriented, supervision and experience. This study provides an understanding of the therapist's self in psychotherapy, as it shows that self‐awareness is important for therapists to manage their feelings, thoughts and behaviours in meeting with clients and that it is a valuable resource for a therapist to become aware of and reflect upon the process within oneself. This understanding is integrated into the training programmes in counselling psychology, especially in the areas of self‐awareness and personal development.
Salicylic Acid Elimination by Pulsed Corona Discharge Treatment of Wastewater
Authors: Abd El-Gelil Gehad M. , Mansour Moustapha Salem , Ebrahiem Ebrahiem Esmail , Abou-Gabal Hanaa , El Saghir Ahmed 
Published: September 2021

AbstractElimination of salicylic acid by pulsed corona discharge in a multipin‐plate reactor was investigated. Corona discharge is an alternative technique that produces highly active species such as HO• that degrade salicylic acid. Salicylic acid was totally eliminated in 60 min of treatment with 200 stainless steel needles. Variables such as pH, initial concentration, conductivity, and Na2SO4 dosage were studied to elucidate their influence on salicylic acid elimination. Salicylic acid elimination increased with decreasing pH, initial concentration, and conductivity of the liquid.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Indoline from Achiral Phthalimide Involving Crystallization‐Induced Deracemization
Authors: Nakamura Takumi , Ban Kazuma , Yoshida Yasushi , Mino Takashi , Kasashima Yoshio , Sakamoto Masami 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAsymmetric synthesis was performed by combining the photochemical reaction of an achiral substrate followed by crystallization‐induced deracemization. The results indicated that a fused indoline produced by photochemical intramolecular δ‐hydrogen abstraction and cyclization of N‐(5‐chloro‐2‐methylphenyl)phthalimide crystallized as a racemic conglomerate. Since this substrate has an aminal skeleton, racemization involving a ring‐opening and ring‐closing equilibrium process occurred under suitable conditions. Efficient racemization was observed in acetone containing a catalytic base, 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene (DBU). Crystallization‐induced dynamic deracemization by Viedma ripening from racemic indoline was performed with an excellent enantioselectivity of 99 % ee. Furthermore, one‐pot asymmetric synthesis of the indoline was achieved by the photochemical reaction of achiral phthalimide followed by continuous attrition‐enhanced deracemization converging to 99 % ee of enantiomeric crystals. This is the first example of asymmetric expression and amplification by photochemical hydrogen abstraction and crystallization‐induced dynamic deracemization.