bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lysobacter enzymogenes antagonizes soilborne bacteria using the type IV secretion system
Authors: Shen Xi , Wang Bingxin , Yang Nianda , Zhang Lulu , Shen Danyu , Wu Huijun , Dong Ying , Niu Ben , Chou Shan‐Ho , Puopolo Gerardo , Fan Jiaqin , Qian Guoliang 
Published: July 2021

SummarySoil microbiome comprises numerous microbial species that continuously interact with each other. Among the modes of diverse interactions, cell–cell killing may play a key role in shaping the microbiome composition. Bacteria deploy various secretion systems to fend off other microorganisms and Type IV Secretion System (T4SS) in pathogenic bacteria was shown to function as a contact‐dependent, inter‐bacterial killing system only recently. The present study investigated the role played by T4SS in the killing behaviour of the soilborne biocontrol bacterium Lysobacter enzymogenes OH11. Results showed that L. enzymogenes OH11 genome encompasses genes encoding all the components of T4SS and effectors potentially involved in inter‐bacterial killing system. Generation of knock‐out mutants revealed that L. enzymogenes OH11 uses T4SS as the main contact‐dependent weapon against other soilborne bacteria. The T4SS‐mediated killing behaviour of L. enzymogenes OH11 decreased the antibacterial and antifungal activity of two Pseudomonas spp. but at the same time, protected carrot from infection by Pectobacterium carotovorum. Overall, this study showed for the first time the involvement of T4SS in the killing behaviour of L. enzymogenes and its impact on the multiple interactions occurring in the soil microbiome.
At the limits of “capability”: The sexual and reproductive health of women migrant workers in Malaysia
Authors: Freeman Tim , Miles Lilian , Ying Kelvin , Mat Yasin Suziana , Lai Wan Teng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDespite the centrality of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) to UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), women migrant workers in Malaysia face an environment inimical to their SRH needs. Drawing on qualitative case study material, we present the first empirical application of the capability approach (CA) to explore the reproductive health needs of women migrant workers in a developing country, offering an original analysis of the capability for SRH of these women. Specifically, we explore the resources available to them; their opportunities and freedoms (“capabilities”); and factors that mediate transformation of resources into capability sets (“conversion factors”). While SRH information and health care are notionally available, women migrant workers face multiple challenges in converting resources into functionings, constraining the achievement of capability for SRH. Challenges include language barriers, personal beliefs, power relations between workers and employers and the consequences of current migration policy. We consider the scale of the challenges facing these women in securing SRH rights, the difficulties of operationalising the CA within such a setting, and the implications of our findings for the adequacy of the CA in supporting marginalised populations.
Chromosome‐level genome assembly of an agricultural pest, the rice leaffolder Cnaphalocrocis exigua (Crambidae, Lepidoptera)
Authors: Xu Hongxing , Zhao Xianxin , Yang Yajun , Chen Xi , Mei Yang , He Kang , Xu Le , Ye Xinhai , Liu Ying , Li Fei , Lu Zhongxian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe rice leaffolder Cnaphalocrocis exigua (Crambidae, Lepidoptera) is an important agricultural pest that damages rice crops and other members of related grass families. C. exigua exhibits a very similar morphological phenotype and feeding behaviour to C. medinalis, another species of rice leaffolder whose genome was recently reported. However, genomic information for C. exigua remains extremely limited. Here, we used a hybrid strategy combining different sequencing technologies, including Illumina, PacBio, 10× Genomics, and Hi–C scaffolding, to generate a high‐quality chromosome‐level genome assembly of C. exigua. We initially obtained a 798.8 Mb assembly with a contig N50 size of 2.9 Mb, and the N50 size was subsequently increased to 25.7 Mb using Hi–C technology to anchor 1413 scaffolds to 32 chromosomes. We detected a total of 97.7% Benchmarking Universal Single‐Copy Orthologues (BUSCO) in the genome assembly, which was comprised of ~52% repetitive sequence and annotated 14,922 protein‐coding genes. Of note, the Z and W sex chromosomes were assembled and identified. A comparative genomic analysis demonstrated that despite the high synteny observed between the two rice leaffolders, the species have distinct genomic features associated with expansion and contraction of gene families and selection pressure. In summary, our chromosome‐level genome assembly and comparative genomic analysis of C. exigua provide novel insights into the evolution and ecology of this rice insect pests and offer useful information for pest control.
Inhibition of the neuromuscular acetylcholine receptor with atracurium activates FOXO/DAF‐16‐induced longevity
Authors: McIntyre Rebecca L. , Denis Simone W. , Kamble Rashmi , Molenaars Marte , Petr Michael , Schomakers Bauke V. , Rahman Mizanur , Gupta Siddhartha , Toth Marton L. , Vanapalli Siva A. , Jongejan Aldo , Scheibye‐Knudsen Morten , Houtkooper Riekelt H. , Janssens Georges E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTranscriptome‐based drug screening is emerging as a powerful tool to identify geroprotective compounds to intervene in age‐related disease. We hypothesized that, by mimicking the transcriptional signature of the highly conserved longevity intervention of FOXO3 (daf‐16 in worms) overexpression, we could identify and repurpose compounds with similar downstream effects to increase longevity. Our in silico screen, utilizing the LINCS transcriptome database of genetic and compound interventions, identified several FDA‐approved compounds that activate FOXO downstream targets in mammalian cells. These included the neuromuscular blocker atracurium, which also robustly extends both lifespan and healthspan in Caenorhabditis elegans. This longevity is dependent on both daf‐16 signaling and inhibition of the neuromuscular acetylcholine receptor subunit unc‐38. We found unc‐38 RNAi to improve healthspan, lifespan, and stimulate DAF‐16 nuclear localization, similar to atracurium treatment. Finally, using RNA‐seq transcriptomics, we identify atracurium activation of DAF‐16 downstream effectors. Together, these data demonstrate the capacity to mimic genetic lifespan interventions with drugs, and in doing so, reveal that the neuromuscular acetylcholine receptor regulates the highly conserved FOXO/DAF‐16 longevity pathway.
Opioid use disorder and the brain: a clinical perspective
Authors: Herlinger Katherine , Lingford‐Hughes Anne 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOpioid use disorder (OUD) has gained increasing publicity and interest during recent years, with many countries describing problems of epidemic proportions with regard to opioid use and deaths related to opioids. While opioids are not themselves acutely neurotoxic, the chronic relapsing and remitting nature of this disorder means that individuals are often exposed to exogenous opioids for lengthy periods of time (either illicit or prescribed as treatment). We are increasingly characterizing the effect of such long‐term opioid exposure on the brain. This narrative review aims to summarize the literature regarding OUD and the brain from a clinical perspective. Alterations of brain structure and function are discussed, as well as neurological and psychiatric disorders in OUD. Finally, we review current and new directions for assessment and treatment.
Review article: The aetiology of fatigue in inflammatory bowel disease and potential therapeutic management strategies
Authors: McGing Jordan J. , Radford Shellie Jean , Francis Susan T. , Serres Sébastien , Greenhaff Paul L. , Moran Gordon W. 
Published: July 2021

SummaryBackgroundFatigue is the inability to achieve or maintain an expected work output resulting from central or peripheral mechanisms. The prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) fatigue can reach 86% in active disease, persisting in 50%‐52% of patients with mild to inactive disease. Fatigue is the commonest reason for work absence in IBD, and patients often report fatigue burden to be greater than that of primary disease symptoms. Relatively few evidence‐based treatment options exist, and the aetiology is poorly understood.AimTo review the available data and suggest a possible aetiology of IBD fatigue and to consider the efficacy of existing management strategies and highlight potential future interventions.MethodsWe reviewed fatigue‐related literature in IBD using PubMed database.ResultsDisease related factors such as inflammation and pharmacological treatments negatively impact skeletal muscle and brain physiology, likely contributing to fatigue symptoms. Secondary factors such as malnutrition, anaemia, sleep disturbance and psychological comorbidity are potential determinants. Immune profile, faecal microbiota composition and physical fitness differ significantly between fatigued and non‐fatigued patients, suggesting these may be aetiological factors. Solution‐focused therapy, high‐dosage thiamine supplementation and biological therapy may reduce fatigue perception in IBD. The effect of physical activity interventions is inconclusive.ConclusionsA multimodal approach is likely required to treat IBD fatigue. Established reversible factors like anaemia, micronutrient deficiencies and active disease should initially be resolved. Psychosocial intervention shows potential efficacy in reducing fatigue perception in quiescent disease. Restoring physical deconditioning by exercise training intervention may further improve fatigue burden.
A novel route of follicle‐stimulating hormone administration with a split‐single ischiorectal fossa in Thai‐Holstein crossbred superovulation programs under heat stress conditions
Authors: Ratsiri Thanaporn , Ratchamak Ruthaiporn , Chumchai Rujira , Boonkum Wuttigrai , Vongpralub Thevin , Chankitisakul Vibuntita 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to compare the efficiency of a split single injection of follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) given by either intramuscular (split‐single IM) or ischiorectal fossa (split‐single IRF) injection to the traditional treatment and to determine the concentrations of FSH. The temperature and humidity index (THI) values were interpreted together with the ovarian responses and embryo characteristics. The ovarian responses in the split‐single IRF group were similar to those of the control group (p > .05) but higher compared with the split‐single IM group (p < .05). Higher peak levels of plasma FSH in the split‐single IRF group did not differ compared with the control group (p > .05) but were lower in split‐single IM administration (p < .05). The results showed a significant decrease in the numbers of large follicles and corpora lutea (CLs) in the moderate THI compared with low and high THI (p < .05). The high THI affected ovulation rate as well as the numbers of transferable embryos and degenerated embryos (p < .05). In conclusion, the split‐single IRF administration had a comparable superovulatory response to the traditional twice‐daily protocol. Moreover, the ovulation rate, ovarian follicle responses, and embryo quality were affected by heat stress.
The White Man in the Room: Finding My Position as a White Therapist
Authors: Weir Daniel 
Published: July 2021

This paper explores the discomfort that resulted from a brief exchange between a white male therapist and a black male patient. The discomfort is understood as pointing towards an absence of racial understanding in the therapist, which contributed to a breakdown in empathic communication. This absence is explored in relation to the concept of internal racism and used to highlight an inequality in the subjective experience of race between the therapist and patient (Davids, 2011; Internal Racism: A Psychoanalytic Approach to Race and Difference). The notion of white privilege is introduced and considered as a useful counterpart to internal racism for thinking about white racial experience. White privilege is viewed as a useful concept for making present what is often missing from discussions of race and difference. It is suggested that until white experience acquires racial meanings, the burden of thinking about race will be placed upon the racial other (Davids, 2011). These themes are considered from within a psychoanalytic framework, but significant use is made of ideas from outside psychoanalytic theory to demonstrate the complex interplay of internal and external forces that give shape to unconscious racism. It is suggested that further exploration of these ideas in relation to the superego could be especially useful for clinical understanding.
Ecological drivers of intraspecific variation in seed dispersal services of a common neotropical palm
Authors: Lamperty Therese , Karubian Jordan , Dunham Amy E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThrough frugivory and seed dispersal, vertebrates influence plant demography and forest regeneration. Variation in local habitat surrounding fruiting plants can influence frugivore foraging decisions, thereby creating intraspecific variation in seed dispersal services. However, we have little knowledge of drivers of local variation in frugivory. Here, we investigate factors that may influence frugivore diversity and fruit removal at the level of individual plants. We focus on a common understory palm within a continuous Chocó forest with mixed land‐use histories in Ecuador. The density of pioneer tree species in the genus Cecropia around focal palms was negatively related to fruit removal and the diversity of frugivores visiting palms. This may relate to the fact that the presence and abundance of Cecropia species often indicate the existence and severity of past disturbances. Local Cecropia density was also related to an overall shift in the frugivore community that corresponded with an increase in fruit removal by lower‐quality seed dispersers (rodents). We also found that the local density of fruiting conspecifics was positively related to frugivore diversity, but not fruit removal. Our results provide information on drivers of intraspecific inequalities in plant populations across tropical forest landscapes. The reduction in fruit removal and frugivore diversity associated with local Cecropia abundance suggests that seed dispersal services can be sensitive to fine‐scale variation in habitat structure. Furthermore, because Cecropia are often indicative of past disturbances, this indicates that even small‐scale habitat degradation by humans can have lasting effects by creating localized pockets of forest unfavored by frugivores.Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
Response to heterospecific calls in non‐passerine species: can two Rallidae species recognise each other based on their vocalisations?
Authors: Jedlikowski Jan , Polak Marcin , Koperski Paweł , Ręk Paweł 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCommunication is generally assumed to be the domain of conspecific signallers and receivers that produce reliable signals and respond adaptively. However, interactions between coexisting species can be surprisingly complex, suggesting that animals not only perceive but also selectively respond to signals produced by other species. Many species respond to the vocalisations of heterospecifics, but it is usually difficult to separate actual vocal recognition from the response resulting from misidentification. We controlled this bias in a playback experiment with two sympatric Rallidae species, the water rail (Rallus aquaticus) and little crake (Zapornia parva). Both focal species produced more calls and little crake additionally approached the speaker more often in response to calls of each other than to calls of closely related but non‐sympatric spotted crakes (Porzana porzana) or the sympatric but non‐competing little grebes (Tachybaptus ruficollis). By contrast, when responding to each other's calls water rails produced fewer loud calls than during the conspecific treatment suggesting that focal birds were merely announcing their presence, whereas little crakes produced mainly alarms suggesting that they communicated with the mated partner to warn it rather than with the heterospecific intruder. We conclude that focal Rallidae species could distinguish not only their calls from those of conspecifics, but also each other's calls from those of other sympatric and phylogenetically related species.
Foreign language speaking competence and self‐regulated speaking motivation
Authors: Uztosun Mehmet Sercan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study investigates the extent to which variables related to self‐regulated speaking motivation contributes to the prediction of foreign language speaking competence and explores whether there is a relationship between these two constructs. The data were collected from 84 Turkish university students using self‐regulated motivation for improving speaking English as a foreign language scale that comprised four subscales: task value activation, regulation of learning environment, regulation of classroom environment, and regulation of affect. Multiple regression analyses revealed that self‐regulated speaking motivation predicts 34% of EFL (English as a foreign language) speaking competence, with a unique contribution of regulation of affect. Pearson correlation coefficient revealed a significant positive correlation between foreign language speaking competence and self‐regulated speaking motivation. These findings suggest that self‐regulated speaking motivation may be one of the predictors of improved speaking competence. Implications of self‐regulated speaking motivation for the development of speaking competence are included.
Roots are key to increasing the mean residence time of organic carbon entering temperate agricultural soils
Authors: Poeplau Christopher , Don Axel , Schneider Florian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe ratio of soil organic carbon stock (SOC) to annual carbon input gives an estimate of the mean residence time of organic carbon that enters the soil (MRTOC). It indicates how efficiently biomass can be transformed into SOC, which is of particular relevance for mitigating climate change by means of SOC storage. There have been few comprehensive studies of MRTOC and their drivers, and these have mainly been restricted to the global scale, on which climatic drivers dominate. This study used the unique combination of regional‐scale cropland and grassland topsoil (0–30 cm) SOC stock data and average site‐specific OC input data derived from the German Agricultural Soil Inventory to elucidate the main drivers of MRTOC. Explanatory variables related to OC input composition and other soil‐forming factors were used to explain the variability in MRTOC by means of a machine‐learning approach. On average, OC entering German agricultural topsoils had an MRT of 21.5 ± 11.6 years, with grasslands (29.0 ± 11.2 years, n = 465) having significantly higher MRTOC than croplands (19.4 ± 10.7, n = 1635). This was explained by the higher proportion of root‐derived OC inputs in grassland soils, which was the most important variable for explaining MRTOC variability at a regional scale. Soil properties such as clay content, soil group, C:N ratio and groundwater level were also important, indicating that MRTOC is driven by a combination of site properties and OC input composition. However, the great importance of root‐derived OC inputs indicated that MRTOC can be actively managed, with maximization of root biomass input to the soil being a straightforward means to extend the time that assimilated C remains in the soil and consequently also increase SOC stocks.
Does central environmental protection inspection enhance firms’ environmental disclosure? Evidence from China
Authors: Pan Lingling , Yao Sheng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAn increasing number of emerging countries have begun implementing central environmental protection inspection (CEPI) to make up for the lack of environmental decentralization. Extant literature has shown that CEPI improves local environmental enforcement and performance. However, it is unclear whether CEPI, which is regarded as a non‐routine environmental enforcement and independent of the system of environmental decentralization, has an increasing effect on firms’ environmental disclosure. This paper selects the listed firms located in Hebei Province, the pilot province inspected by the CEPI, as the treatment group and uses the listed firms of the third and fourth rounds of inspected provinces as the control group. The difference‐in‐difference results show that the environmental information level and quality of listed firms in Hebei Province is improved compared with those of firms in other provinces, and the increasing effect is more significant in state‐owned firms, in developed regions and in regions where local officials have more promotion incentives. The results of this study suggest that the central government should establish a regular environmental inspection mechanism and coordinate it with the system of environmental decentralization in emerging countries.
MiR‐382‐5p suppresses M1 macrophage polarization and inflammatory response in response to bronchopulmonary dysplasia through targeting CDK8: Involving inhibition of STAT1 pathway
Authors: Lv Yuanyuan , Li Yang , Wang Jiangya , Li Mei , Zhang Wenhao , Zhang Huifen , Shen Ying , Li Chao , Du Yuan , Jiang Lian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is an inflammation‐related respiratory disorder in infants. MiR‐382‐5p has displayed low expression in developing lungs with BPD, while the effect of miR‐382‐5p on BPD remains elusive. Here, a hyperoxia (85% oxygen)‐induced BPD model in neonatal mice was established. On postnatal days 10 and 15, hyperoxia reduced miR‐382‐5p expression in lungs of mice. Besides, CDK8, CD68 and CD86 levels were elevated on day 15 after birth, implying the involvement of CDK8 in M1 macrophage polarization. In addition, in vitro injury in RAW264.7 macrophages was induced by IFN‐γ and LPS stimulation. Lentivirus‐encoding miR‐382‐5p decreased CDK8 expression, alleviated the production of inflammatory cytokines TNF‐α, IL‐1β and IL‐6, and restricted the levels of CD40 and CD86 in response to IFN‐γ and LPS. Moreover, miR‐382‐5p inhibited the phosphorylation of STAT1. Luciferase reporter assay verified that miR‐382‐5p might target the 3′UTR of CDK8. Rescue assays revealed that CDK8 reversed the mitigating roles of miR‐382‐5p in inflammatory response and M1 macrophage polarization, as reflected by increased IL‐6 and CD40 levels. Taken together, these findings indicate that miR‐382‐5p may suppress M1 macrophage activation and inflammatory response via inhibiting CDK8, thereby regulating the development of BPD, which is possibly mediated by STAT1 signaling.