bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coastal Morphodynamic Analysis in Buleleng Regency, Bali - Indonesia
Authors: Marfai Muh Aris , Winastuti Ratih , Wicaksono Arief , Mutaqin Bachtiar Wahyu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Sediment as erosion products can affect shoreline, making sediment transport a key process to consider in coastal and shoreline management. Field surveys and secondary data can identify where suspended matters are distributed and deposited to analyze sediment uniformity factors: beach morphology and materials. This research set out to determine the Buleleng Regency's morphodynamic aspects based on the coastal landscape's physical characteristics and the processes acting upon each sediment cell. Field observations were conducted at five stations, from Tukad Gerokgak to Tukad Saba estuary. Jaelani's spectral transformation has been applied to analyze Total Suspended Solids using Sentinel 2A imagery. The laboratory test results of grain-size samples were processed on GRADISTAT, then the depositional environment and sediment transport direction were determined from average grain size, standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis. Shoreline change, an indicator of coastal morphodynamics, was mapped from Landsat images in 2000, 2008, and 2019 using the Digital Shoreline Analysis System. Statistical analysis on GRADISTAT provided details on depositional environment and sediment transport and deposition based on grain-size distribution. Results indicate poorly sorted medium grain size: gravel (stone) to coarse sand, making up the sediment population from Tukad Gerokgak to Tukad Saba. Generally, sediment is deposited toward coarse, even very coarse, grain on a strongly sloping beach, and there is a high likeliness of sediment accretion. Identified morphodynamic characteristics suggest that the coastal landscape needs structural mitigation to overcome the accelerating impact of human activities and physical processes.
Theoretical Studies of Reactivity Descriptors, Electronic and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Multifunctionalized Fullerene Ylide With Acetylsalicylic Acid.
Authors: Njeumen Christian Aimé , Ejuh Geh Wilson , Assatse Yannick Tadjouteu , Kamsi Richard Arnaud Yossa , Ndjaka Jean Marie Bienvenu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
DFT calculations were performed to study the nanostructures obtained by the multifunctionalization of one and two acetylsalicylic acid radicals on fullerene ylide. The increase in the number of aspirin molecules functionalized on fullerene ylide increases the energy stability of the formed nanostructures. The analysis of the vibrational spectra of these nanostructures shows that the formed systems are stable and present some vibrational modes in accordance with the experimental data. The degree of solubility and polarity of these nanostructures increases with the number of functionalized molecules. Multifunctionalization considerably improves the nonlinear optical properties of the modeled nanostructures. With functionalization of isolated aspirin molecule, the electronic properties are very improved, not too much passing to multifunctionalization. The formed nanostructures are soft, more electrophilic and more reactive than the aspirin molecule, but with multifunctionalization the charge transfer decreases.
Salmonella Serovar Typhimurium Infection Modulates Expression of Immune-Related Genes in Avian Enriched Monocytes
Authors: Abbaszadeh Elya , Mehrzad Jalil , Peighambari Seyed Mostafa , Zarghami Paniz 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium is a gram-negative bacterium with the ability to infect a wide variety of hosts. Salmonella serovar Typhimurium (ST) infection in adult poultry usually results in an asymptomatic intestinal carriage while the infection in newly hatched chicks may lead to a severe clinical disease. Macrophages play an important role by limiting bacterial replication in submucosal tissues using several defense mechanisms. Subsequently, Salmonella strains have developed countermeasures to evade or subvert the host immune responses to their own benefit. We previously showed that ST challenge can greatly reduce the phagocytic capacity of chicken enriched peripheral blood monocytes. In the present study, we sought to provide a snapshot of the immune responses against ST challenge in chicken enriched peripheral blood monocytes by evaluating the transcriptional changes in inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, pattern recognition receptors, and some other immune-related molecules at mRNA level. Our results indicate that wildtype ST challenge in avian blood monocytes favors the differentiation of macrophages toward the alternatively activated M2-like cells through downregulation of inflammatory IL-1β and upregulation of anti-inflammatory IL-10 cytokines. Our result may partially explain how the bacterium modulate the immune response in professional phagocytes in order to survive in the hostile environment of host immune cells and further disseminate within the host.
Chromatographic Methods for the Determination of a Broad Spectrum of UV&nbsp;Filters in Swimming Pool Water
Authors: MOKH Samia , NASSAR Rania , BERRY Aitika , DOUMIATI Samah , TAHA Mariam , EZZEDDINE Raed , ISKANDARANI Mohamad AL 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper describes an analytical approach based on Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) followed by analysis using liquid and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry detectors for a simultaneous determination of 18 organic UV filters from water samples. Extraction method parameters were optimized: 250 ml of water sample loaded on Chromo-Bond C18 cartridges after adjustment to pH 4 and then eluted with acetonitrile. The mobile phase, the parameters of the mass spectrometer, as well as those of the ionization source were tested to enhance detection sensitivity. During method validation, the extracted target compounds showed good recoveries (> 68%) with acceptable values in terms of repeatability (CVr) and reproducibility (CVR), that were lower than 20%. The validated method was applied to different real water samples collected from different swimming pools located in Lebanon where nine UV filters among the eighteen targets compounds were detected at concentrations up to 1500 µg/L in some samples. Padimate-O and Octocrylene were detected frequently. This study represents the first available data on the occurrence of UV filter residues in swimming pool in Lebanon opening hence future perspectives to evaluate their degradation by-products and their toxicity on human health and marine ecosystem.
Large-scale phenotyping of 1,000 fungal strains for the degradation of non-natural, industrial compounds
Authors: Navarro David , Chaduli Delphine , Taussac Sabine , Lesage-Meessen Laurence , Grisel Sacha , Haon Mireille , Callac Philippe , Courtecuisse Régis , Decock Cony , Dupont Joëlle , Richard-Forget Florence , Fournier Jacques , Guimberteau Jacques , Lechat Christian , Moreau Pierre-Arthur , Pinson-Gadais Laetitia , Rivoire Bernard , Sage Lucile , Welti Stéphane , Rosso Marie-Noëlle , Berrin Jean-Guy , Bissaro Bastien , Favel Anne 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Fungal biotechnology is set to play a keystone role in the emerging bioeconomy, notably to address pollution issues arising from human activities. Because they preserve biological diversity, Biological Resource Centres are considered as critical infrastructures to support the development of biotechnological solutions. Here, we report the first large-scale phenotyping of more than 1,000 fungal strains with evaluation of their growth and degradation potential towards five industrial, human-designed and recalcitrant compounds, including two synthetic dyes, two lignocellulose-derived compounds and a synthetic plastic polymer. We draw a functional map over the phylogenetic diversity of Basidiomycota and Ascomycota, to guide the selection of fungal taxa to be tested for dedicated biotechnological applications. We evidence a functional diversity at all taxonomic ranks, including between strains of a same species. Beyond demonstrating the tremendous potential of filamentous fungi, our results pave the avenue for further functional exploration to solve the ever-growing issue of ecosystem pollution.
Methods for Estimating Population Size for Key Populations: A Global Scoping Review for HIV Research
Authors: Xu Chen , Jing Fengshi , Lu Ying , Ni Yuxin , Tucker Joseph D. , Wu Dan , Ong Jason , Zhang Qingpeng , Zhou Yi , Tang Weiming 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Estimating the population sizes of key populations is critical for understanding the overall HIV burden. This scoping review aims to synthesize existing methods for population size estimation among key populations (people who inject drugs, men who have sex with men (MSM), transgender persons, sex workers, and incarcerated individuals), and provide recommendations for future application of the existing methods.Main text: A scoping review was conducted and 39 of 688 studies met the inclusion criteria and were assessed. Estimation methods included five digital methods, one in-person method, and four hybrid methods. We summarized and organized the methods for population size estimation into the following five categories: methods based on independent samples (including capture-recapture method and multiplier method), methods based on population counting (including Delphi method and mapping method), methods based on the official report (including workbook method), methods based on social network (including respondent-driven sampling method and network scale-up method) and methods based on data-driven technologies (Bayesian estimation method, Stochastic simulation method, and LMS estimation method). 36 (92%) articles were published after 2010 and 23 (59%) used multiple methods. These include 11 in high-income countries and 28 in low-income countries. A total of 10 estimates the size of sex workers, 14 focused on MSM, and 10 focused on PWID. Conclusion: There was no gold standard for population size estimation. Among 120 studies that were related to population size estimation of key populations, the most commonly used population estimation method is the multiplier method (26/120 studies). Every method has its strengths. For example, some traditional methods are simple and easy to use for researchers. Some novel methods are time- and resources- saving. However, each method has its limitations and bias. For example, for the respondent-driven sampling method, stigma and discrimination may lead to the "hiddenness" of the key population; for the multiplier method, the quality of authentic data may also influence the accuracy of the estimation. In recent years, novel methods based on data-driven technologies such as Bayesian estimation have been developed and applied in many surveys.
Analysis of Trends, Recurrences, Severity and Frequency of Droughts using SPI: Case of OR Tambo DM, Eastern Cape in South Africa
Authors: Nkamisa M , Ndhleve Simbarashe , Nakin MDV , Mngeni A , Kabiti H 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
South Africa is susceptible to droughts. However, there is little documentation on drought occurrence in South Africa at national level and its various administrative boundaries. The study aimed to profile the hydrological drought in ORTDM from 1998–2018; computing their frequency, severity and intensity so as to show areas of high vulnerability. Data used on this study was obtained from South African Weather Services in Pretoria. Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) was calculated using the Meteorological Drought Monitor (MDM) software computing drought frequency, severity and intensity using 3 and 6 months SPI. The results showed a wide variation in monthly precipitation throughout the year. Coastal areas receive high rainfall than inland municipalities. When recorded in descending order, the drought intensity Nyandeni shows the highest drought frequency with a percentage of 62%, Mhlontlo (58%), KSDM (57%), Ngquza Hill (55%) and Port St Johns showing the least at (52%). The hydrological drought severity frequency and duration varied between 7 days to 9 weeks. Drought intensity class exposed the annual average intensity for the 5 local municipalities represented as follows; KSDM (-0.71), PSJM (-0.99), Ngquza Hill (-0.81), Nyandeni (-0.71) and Mhlontlo (-0.62). Maximum drought intensity for the 5 local municipalities showed the following results KSDM (-2.4), PSJM (-1.8), Ngquza Hill M (-1.9), Nyandeni M (-2.8) and Mhlontlo M (-3.1). The longest drought duration across OR Tambo was experienced in 2014 and has the following durations: KSDM (3 weeks), PSJM (5 weeks), Ngquza Hill (7 weeks), Nyandeni (8 weeks) and Mhlontlo (11 weeks). ORTDM is susceptible to hydrological droughts and the extent vary across local municipalities. The results could be used as a guide to the allocation of resources for drought relief purpose in a way that seeks to prioritize drought prone areas and vulnerable municipality. The SPI could be a useful when forecasting and estimating the frequency, duration and intensity of droughts. However, emphasis should be placed on improving the quality of data as this is key in improving the quality of its outcome.
Clinical and Self-Reported Outcomes after Multifocal Intraocular Lens Implantation of Patients with Stable Keratoconus
Authors: Trampuž Igor Šivec , Mikek Kristina , Krampf Metka 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Multifocal intraocular lens (IOL) implantation is generally not considered in patients with keratoconus; however, it may provide good optical results in selected patients with stage I and II keratoconus based on two case reports. Aims: To evaluate patient satisfaction and clinical outcomes in this patient population.Methods: This is a retrospective single-center, non-interventional, non-comparison study. All patients with frank keratoconus who had undergone a trifocal IOL implantation between 2016 and 2019 were invited to participate in this study (18 eyes of 9 patients). Postoperatively, refractive outcomes, contrast sensitivity, and ocular aberrations were recorded. A questionnaire was used for determining patient satisfaction and their quality of life. The mean follow-up time was 31.22 ± 6.38 months.Results: Postoperatively the patients’ uncorrected distance visual acuity improved from 1.13 ± 0.93 to 0.10 ± 0.17 (p˂0.001), corrected distance visual acuity went from 0.10 ± 0.11 to 0.05 ± 0.09 (p=0.19), mean refractive spherical equivalent changed from -4.34 ± 4.31 to 0.05 ± 0.51 D (p˂0.001), and manifest astigmatism from 2.44 ± 1.92 to 0.88 ± 1.81 D (p=0.017). A target refraction of less than ± 0.50 D was achieved in 17 eyes (94%) and one eye exhibited a hyperopic MRSE of +2.0 D. Three eyes (17%) lost 1 line of best corrected visual acuity and no patient lost two or more lines. The patients were independent of glasses in 78% for all distances. Conclusions: A trifocal IOL currently gives relatively good, predictable results with most patients feeling satisfied with the results of spectacle independence for all distances.
The Effects of Cooling Applications on Tool Life, Surface Quality, Cutting Forces and Cutting Zone Temperature in Turning of Ni-Based Inconel 625
Authors: YAĞMUR Selçuk 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Nickel-based super alloys are used in many fields, especially in the aviation and aerospace industries, due to their high temperature resistance. Besides these advantages, there are some machining difficulties. Some cooling methods are used to minimize the machining difficulties of these materials. For this purpose, in this study, tool life, tool wear (Vb), surface roughness (Ra), cutting forces (Fc) and cutting zone temperature (T) were investigated in turning Inconel 625 super alloys under different cooling conditions. Experiments were carried out under three different cutting conditions (Dry, minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) and Vortex cooling methods). Three feed rates (0.08, 0.1 and 0.12 mm/rev) and three cutting speeds 60, 80, 100 m/min) were used. Tool wear tests were carried out at average cutting speed and feed rate (80 m/min and 0,1 mm/rev). After the experiments, it was concluded that the cooling application affects positively in terms of tool life, cutting zone temperature and surface roughness.
Effect of Exogenous NaCl On Anthocyanin Accumulation and Biosynthesis of Cabernet Sauvignon Grape Berries
Authors: YANG XUE , Tang Xiaojian , Yang Zhen , Zhao Xinjie , Han Aiqin , Han Ning 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Backgroud:

The coloring mechanism of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) berry in response to salinity during maturation is poorly understood. To determine the effect of salinity on fruit quality, especially anthocyanin accumulation, the grapevine cultivar Cabernet Sauvignon were sprayed with different concentrations of sodium chloride. Dynamic changes in anthocyanin accumulation and eight biosynthetic enzyme activities during maturation were also investigated to clarify the anthocyanin biosynthesis regulation.
Results

The analysis showed that the fruit’s fresh weight was decreased by NaCl spray. But the grape quality including reducing sugar, soluble sugars, total phenols and tannins increased significantly on harvest time. Ten individual anthocyanins were detected from the skin of Cabernet Sauvignon by ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). And there was a significantly greater accumulation of total anthocyanin contents under salt treatment. The NaCl spray provoked metabolic responses in grapes and enhanced biosynthetic enzyme activities during riping. Correlation analysis showed that anthocyanin accumulation was closely related to the key enzyme LDOX both in the control and 100 mM NaCl treatment berries.
Conclusion

The application of NaCl to grape foliage effectively increase the quality of the Cabernet Sauvignon grape, improving soluble sugar, organic acid, phenolics and tannin contents, and the total anthocyanin contents in grape skins after varasion. These findings provide novel insight into the crucial factors that directly modulate anthocyanin biosynthesis and consequently control grape coloration.
Biodegradation of two organic UV-Filters by single bacteria strains
Authors: Chiriac Florentina Laura , Stoica Catalina , Paun Iuiana , Pirvu Florinela , Galaon Toma , Nita-Lazar Mihai 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Organic UV-filters, including 4-hydroxybenzophenone (4-HBP) and 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone (BP-1), are persistent emerging contaminants whose presence in the environment poses a threat to aquatic organisms due to their endocrine disruptor’s properties. For this reason, finding suitable technological processes for their safety and efficient removal from the environment represent a priority for the scientific community. To the author’s knowledge, until now, there are no studies reporting the biodegradation of 4-HBP and BP-1 by a single bacteria strain. In this paper, there were tested the 4-HBP and BP-1 biodegradation potential of two Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis) and two Gram-negative (Salmonella typhimurium and Serratia rubidae). The 4-HPB biodegradation process was observed only in the presence of Gram-negative bacterial strains. Thus, the biodegradation rates of 4-HBP reached up to 12.7% after 24h of incubation in presence of Salmonella thyphimurium and up to 24.0% after 24h of incubation with Serratia rubidae. Staphylococcus aureus was able to biodegrade 26.7% of BP-1, while Salmonella thiphymurium was able to biodegrade 14.7% of BP-1 after 24h of incubation. Their biodegradation products generated during the 4-HBP biodegradation process by Serratia rubidae were analyzed through LC-MS/MS analysis. The (bio)degradation products were benzophenone and a multi-hydroxylated derivative of 4-HBP and the degradation pathways were proposed. The data obtained in this study gave important information regarding the 4-HBP and BP-1 potential biodegradation by single bacterial strains.
The effects of silver nanoparticle shape on protein adsorption and neural stem cell viability
Authors: Kumarasamy Murali , Tran Ngoc , Patarroyo Javier , Monopoli Marco P , Madarasz Emilia , Puntes Víctor F 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are important and widely used antimicrobials and nanodrug carriers. The increased use of AgNPs in consumer products has raised concerns about nanosafety; for instance, AgNPs may be inhaled and translocate to the brain via olfactory neural stem cells/progenitors. While the biological effects of nanoparticle size have been widely investigated, there are little data on the effects of particle shape on cellular phenotype. Therefore, here we investigated the interactions between AgNP spheres, rods, cubes, and triangles and human plasma proteins and their effects on the viability of NE-4C neural stem cells. Nanoparticles were synthesized by wet chemistry methods and characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, zeta potential measurement, transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and differential centrifugal sedimentation. NE-4C cell viability was assessed using the MTT reduction assay, and the cellular uptake of differently shaped nanoparticles was monitored by electron microscopy. All 50 nm (in at least one dimension) AgNPs exerted toxic effects, with rods and cubes displaying greater toxicity than spheres and triangles. These cellular and physicochemical results indicate that edges on the AgNPs increase toxicity, presumably due to enhanced ion dissolution from the edges.
Therapeutic Effect of&nbsp;Dithiophenolato Chitosan Nanocomposites Against Carbon Tetrachloride-induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats
Authors: Shaban Nadia Z. , Aboelsaad Ahmed M. , Awad Doaa , Abdulmalek Shaymaa A. , Shaban Shaban Y. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Our previous study showed that dithiophenolate (DTP) and its chitosan nanoparticles (DTP-CSNPs) have abilities to bind with DNA helixes. So in this study, their lethal doses (LD50) and therapeutic roles against rat liver injuries induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) were evaluated. The study focused on the determination of the markers of oxidative stress (OS) and apoptosis and compare the results with those of cisplatin treatment. The results revealed that LD50 values of DTP and DTP-CSNPs are 2187.5 and 1462.5 mg/kg, respectively. Treatment with DPT and DPT-CSNPs after CCl4 administration reduced liver injuries, induced by CCl4, and improved liver functions and architecture through the reduction of OS and apoptosis. Where the oxidant marker was decreased with elevations of antioxidant markers. Also, there was an elevation in Bcl 2 value, with decreases in caspase-8, Bax, and Bax/Bcl 2 ratio. DPT-CSNPs treatment gave preferable results than that treated with DPT. Moreover, DTP and DPT-CSNPs treatment gave better results than Cisplatine treatment. The administration of healthy rats with low doses of DTP and DTP-CSNPs for 14 days had no effect. Otherwise, the study on HepG2 cell line showed that DTP and DPT-CSNPs inhibited cell growth by arresting cells in the G2/M phase and inducing cell death. In conclusion: DTP and DTP-CSNPs have anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidative stress towards hepatotoxicity induced by CCl4. Moreover, DTP and DTP-CSNPs have anticancer activity against the HepG2 cell line. Generally, DTP-CSNPs are more effective than DTP. So, they can be used in the pharmacological fields, especially DTP-CSNPS.