bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic diversity and antibiotic resistance of Shigella spp. isolates from food products
Authors: Pakbin Babak , Amani Zahra , Allahyari Samaneh , Mousavi Shaghayegh , Mahmoudi Razzagh , Brück Wolfram Manuel , Peymani Amir 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe emergence of multidrug‐resistant Shigella is a significant threat to global public health. Limited studies have investigated the incidence, antimicrobial susceptibility, and genetic diversity of Shigella isolated from food products. Conventional culture‐based, serologic, molecular, disk diffusion, PCR, and RAPD‐PCR methods were used to determine the prevalence rate, phenotypic and genotypic antibiotic resistance profile, and genetic diversity of the Shigella isolates from food samples including vegetable salad, ground meat, and raw cow's milk (405 samples). The prevalence rate of Shigella in food samples was 4.44%. The incidence of S. sonnei (3.7%) was higher than that of S. flexneri (0.74%). S. dysenteriae and S. boydii were not detected in food samples examined. Also, no Shigella were recovered from raw cow's milk. This study showed that the Shigella isolates were resistant to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (83.3%), amoxicillin (66.6%), streptomycin (66.6%), tetracycline (61.1%), ampicillin (50%), amoxicillin–clavulanic acid (50%), azithromycin (50%), and chloramphenicol (50%) and completely sensitive to cefoxitin, cefepime, amikacin, and gentamicin. All Shigella isolates were multidrug‐resistant. We detected blaSHV resistance gene in all isolates; however, no isolate harbored blaTEM gene. RAPD‐PCR categorized the Shigella isolates into five main clusters. The highest antibiotic resistance was observed in the isolates of cluster R4. The finding of this study also indicated an association between antimicrobial resistance profiles and genotyping properties of the isolates. Novel food monitoring systems, including surveillance of multidrug‐resistant foodborne pathogens, especially in developing countries, are required to control the foodborne diseases.
Late Triassic foreland basin and Early Palaeozoic basement in the eastern Yidun Micro‐block and its tectonic implications for the eastern Palaeo‐Tethys
Authors: Xu Xianbing , Xia Yuan , Chen Jiaju , Liang Chenghua , Xu Yadong 
Published: September 2021

Subduction polarity and collisional process are still controversial in the eastern Palaeo‐Tethys. On the basis of 1:50,000‐scale geological mapping at the Heni Township, zircon U–Pb geochronology and whole‐rock geochemistry were analysed for volcano‐sedimentary rocks in the eastern Yidun Micro‐block, Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau. Early Palaeozoic sequences were reported firstly in the eastern Yidun Micro‐block. Two populations of detrital zircon U–Pb ages (~525 Ma and 800–1,250 Ma) and deformation and metamorphic characteristics imply that the Early Palaeozoic sequences were deposited during the Cambrian to Silurian in the South China Block. The Early Palaeozoic sequences in the eastern Yidun Micro‐block were extruded by Cenozoic NW‐SE strike‐slip faults. Both the Late Triassic upper Tumugou and Lamaya formations yield four prominent peak ages of ~260 Ma, ~450 Ma, 750 ~ 780 Ma, and ~1,850 Ma. U–Pb ages of youngest detrital zircons (226.2 ± 1.0–224.7 ± 1.1 Ma), uppermost andestic tuff (216.1 ± 0.3 Ma) and intruded granitoids (~215 Ma) show that both the upper Tumugou and Lamaya formations were deposited during 225 ~ 216 Ma. Whole‐rock geochemistry indicates that all sandstone samples underwent moderate weathering and strong sorting and recycling. They were derived from felsic provenance, like volcano‐sedimentary rocks and granitoids in the western Yidun and Qiangtang micro‐blocks, indicative of pre‐Norian closure of the Jinshajiang Ocean. The closure gave rise to a foreland basin filled by the 225–216 Ma volcano‐sedimentary rocks in the eastern Yidun Micro‐block. The closure of the Jinshajiang Ocean also led to a scissor‐like closure of the Ganze‐Litang Ocean by clockwise rotation. Combining these with previous work, the Ganze‐Litang Ocean was a back‐arc basin resulted from eastward subduction of the Jinshajiang Ocean and had not undergone oceanic subduction.
Performance of DNA methylation analysis of ASCL1, LHX8, ST6GALNAC5, GHSR, ZIC1 and SST for the triage of HPV‐positive women: Results from a Dutch primary HPV‐based screening cohort
Authors: Verhoef Lisanne , Bleeker Maaike C. G. , Polman Nicole , Steenbergen Renske D. M. , Meijer Chris J. L. M. , Melchers Willem J. G. , Bekkers Ruud L. , Molijn Anco C. , Quint Wim G. , van Kemenade Folkert J. , Berkhof Johannes , Heideman Daniëlle A. M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMethylation of host‐cell deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) has been proposed as a promising biomarker for triage of high‐risk (hr) human papillomavirus (HPV) positive women at screening. Our study aims to validate recently identified host‐cell DNA methylation markers for triage in an hrHPV‐positive cohort derived from primary HPV‐based cervical screening in The Netherlands. Methylation markers ASCL1, LHX8, ST6GALNAC5, GHSR, ZIC1 and SST were evaluated relative to the ACTB reference gene by multiplex quantitative methylation‐specific PCR (qMSP) in clinician‐collected cervical samples (n = 715) from hrHPV‐positive women (age 29‐60 years), who were enrolled in the Dutch IMPROVE screening trial (NTR5078). Primary clinical end‐point was cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (CIN3) or cancer (CIN3+). The single‐marker and bi‐marker methylation classifiers developed for CIN3 detection in a previous series of hrHPV‐positive clinician‐collected cervical samples were applied. The diagnostic accuracy was visualised using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and assessed through area under the ROC curve (AUC). The performance of the methylation markers to detect CIN3+ was determined using the predefined threshold calibrated at 70% clinical specificity. Individual methylation makers showed good performance for CIN3+ detection, with highest AUC for ASCL1 (0.844) and LHX8 (0.830). Combined as a bi‐marker panel with predefined threshold, ASCL1/LHX8 yielded a CIN3+ sensitivity of 76.9% (70/91; 95% CI 68.3‐85.6%) at a specificity of 74.5% (465/624; 95% CI 71.1‐77.9%). In conclusion, our study shows that the individual host‐cell DNA methylation classifiers and the bi‐marker panel ASCL1/LHX8 have clinical utility for the detection of CIN3+ in hrHPV‐positive women invited for routine screening.
Mimicking human riboflavin responsive neuromuscular disorders by silencing flad‐1 gene in C. elegans: Alteration of vitamin transport and cholinergic transmission
Authors: Leone Piero , Tolomeo Maria , Piancone Elisabetta , Puzzovio Pier Giorgio , De Giorgi Carla , Indiveri Cesare , Di Schiavi Elia , Barile Maria 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRiboflavin (Rf), or vitamin B2, is the precursor of FMN and FAD, redox cofactors of several dehydrogenases involved in energy metabolism, redox balance and other cell regulatory processes. FAD synthase, coded by FLAD1 gene in humans, is the last enzyme in the pathway converting Rf into FAD. Mutations in FLAD1 gene are responsible for neuromuscular disorders, in some cases treatable with Rf. In order to mimic these disorders, the Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) gene orthologue of FLAD1 (flad‐1) was silenced in a model strain hypersensitive to RNA interference in nervous system. Silencing flad‐1 resulted in a significant decrease in total flavin content, paralleled by a decrease in the level of the FAD‐dependent ETFDH protein and by a secondary transcriptional down‐regulation of the Rf transporter 1 (rft‐1) possibly responsible for the total flavin content decrease. Conversely an increased ETFDH mRNA content was found. These biochemical changes were accompanied by significant phenotypical changes, including impairments of fertility and locomotion due to altered cholinergic transmission, as indicated by the increased sensitivity to aldicarb. A proposal is made that neuronal acetylcholine production/release is affected by alteration of Rf homeostasis. Rf supplementation restored flavin content, increased rft‐1 transcript levels and eliminated locomotion defects. In this aspect, C. elegans could provide a low‐cost animal model to elucidate the molecular rationale for Rf therapy in human Rf responsive neuromuscular disorders and to screen other molecules with therapeutic potential.
Design cytotoxicity: The effect of silver nanoparticles stabilized by selected antioxidants on melanoma cells
Authors: Barbasz Anna , Czyżowska Agnieszka , Piergies Natalia , Oćwieja Magdalena 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSilver nanoparticles (AgNPs) prepared and stabilized by diverse biologically active substances seem to be especially useful in diverse biological and medical applications. The combination of AgNPs with bioactive substances, such as antioxidants, can lead to the development of new systems of desired anticancer properties. In this research, AgNPs were prepared with the use of diverse antioxidant combinations including gallic acid (GA), (−)‐epicatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG), and caffeine (CAF). The insightful physicochemical characteristic revealed that each type of AgNPs exhibited spherical shape, comparable size distribution and negative surface charge. Surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) delivered the information about the chemistry of AgNP stabilizing layers, which turned out to be a crucial factor tuning toxicity of AgNPs toward murine B16 melanoma cells (B16‐F0) and human skin melanoma (COLO 679) cells. EGCGAgNPs were the most cytotoxic among all the investigated AgNPs. They strongly reduced the activity of mitochondria, damaged cell membrane integrity, and penetrated inside the cells causing DNA damage. In turn, the toxicity of GAAgNPs strongly manifested via the induction of oxidative stress in the cells. It was found that CAFGAAgNPs exhibited the lowest toxicity toward the melanoma cells, which proved that a proper combination of antioxidants enable to prepare AgNPs of differentiated toxicity. It was established that human skin melanoma cells were significantly more sensitive to AgNPs than the murine melanoma cells.
Styrene bioconversion by Pseudomonas putida utilizing a non‐aqueous phase for polyhydroxyalkanoate production
Authors: Alonso‐Campos Victor , Covarrubias‐García Itzel , Arriaga Sonia 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDStyrene is a volatile organic compound used extensively worldwide. It is known to cause serious adverse effects on human health and the environment. The main limitation in the biological treatment of styrene is its low solubility. An alternative is the use of partitioning bioreactors (TPPB) which can improve mass transfer of styrene by addition of a hydrophobic non‐aqueous phase (NAP). This study explored silicone oil and an ionic liquid as NAPs in a TPPB to degrade styrene vapors using Pseudomonas putida S12. Lastly, the production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) was evaluated.RESULTSThe NAPs were characterized in terms of biodegradability, toxicity and styrene partition coefficient (H). Results showed that styrene was 7.5 times more absorbed by the ionic liquid/aqueous phase mixture (H = 0.0035) than by the silicone oil/aqueous phase mixture (H = 0.0179) at 28 °C. Silicone oil and ionic liquid were non‐biodegradable by P. putida S12. However, the ionic liquid was inhibitory and toxic for P. putida S12 in contrast to silicone oil. Thus, the selected phase for the TPPB process was silicone oil. Silicone oil assays reached a 98% styrene removal efficiency faster (4 h) than the control (8 h). This finding was reflected in a faster production of the same amount of PHA in the presence of silicone oil.CONCLUSIONSThe production of PHA was enhanced by the addition of silicone oil at 5% (v/v) in a TPPB batch process treating styrene vapors. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
The etiology of resilience to disadvantage
Authors: Vazquez Alexandra Y. , Shewark Elizabeth A. , Clark D. Angus , Klump Kelly L. , Hyde Luke W. , Burt S. Alexandra 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough early life exposure to chronic disadvantage is associated with deleterious outcomes, 40%–60% of exposed youth continue to thrive. To date, little is known about the etiology of these resilient outcomes.MethodsThe current study examined child twin families living in disadvantaged contexts (N = 417 pairs) to elucidate the etiology of resilience. We evaluated maternal reports of the Child Behavior Checklist to examine three domains of resilience and general resilience.ResultsGenetic, shared, and nonshared environmental influences significantly contributed to social resilience (22%, 61%, 17%, respectively) and psychiatric resilience (40%, 28%, 32%, respectively), but academic resilience was influenced only by genetic and nonshared environmental influences (65% and 35%, respectively). These three domains loaded significantly onto a latent resilience factor, with factor loadings ranging from 0.60 to 0.34. A common pathway model revealed that the variance common to all three forms of resilience was predominantly explained by genetic and non‐shared environmental influences (50% and 35%, respectively).ConclusionsThese results support recent conceptualizations of resilience as a multifaceted construct influenced by both genetic and environmental influences, only some of which overlap across the various domains of resilience.
LncRNA CDKN2B‐AS1 contributes to glioma development by regulating the miR‐199a‐5p/DDR1 axis
Authors: Lu Jiachao , Chen Yuanjun , Wen Liangbao , Zhou Quan , Yan Sheng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor 2B antisense RNA 1 (CDKN2B‐AS1) is upregulated in glioma, its function and potential mechanism in glioma remain unclear.MethodsCDKN2B‐AS1 level in glioma tissues and cell lines LN229, U251, and U87 was measured by qRT‐PCR. Loss‐of‐function assays using short hairpin RNA for CDKN2B‐AS1 (sh‐CDKN2B‐AS1) were performed to evaluate the effect of CDKN2B‐AS1 on cell invasion, migration, proliferation, and apoptosis. The relationship among CDKN2B‐AS1, miR‐199a‐5p, and DDR1 was determined by bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assay. Rescue experiments were conducted to explore the function of CDKN2B‐AS1 and miR‐199a‐5p in glioma. An in vivo animal model of lentivirally transduced U87 glioma xenografts in mice was established to confirm the role of CDKN2B‐AS1.ResultsCDKN2B‐AS1 is significantly upregulated in glioma tissues and cell lines. CDKN2B‐AS1 knockdown significantly inhibits cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, while promoting apoptosis of glioma cell lines U251 and U87. Further, a miR‐199a‐5p inhibitor attenuates the inhibitory effects of sh‐CDKN2B‐AS1 on these cell phenotypes. CDKN2B‐AS1 positively regulates DDR1 expression by directly sponging miR‐199a‐5p. Moreover, CDKN2B‐AS1 knockdown efficiently inhibits U87 tumor xenograft growth in mice.ConclusionOur study reveals that CDKN2B‐AS1 promotes glioma development by regulating the miR‐199a‐5p/DDR1 axis, suggesting that this lncRNA might be a potential therapeutic target.
Enhanced oral bioavailability and anti‐hyperuricemic activity of liquiritin via a self‐nanoemulsifying drug delivery system
Authors: Wei Chunmei , Wang Qilong , Weng Wen , Adu‐Frimpong Michael , Toreniyazov Elmurat , Ji Hao , Xu Ximing , Yu Jiangnan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis study focused on the development of a self‐nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) to improve, potentially, the solubility and oral bioavailability of liquiritin (LQ).METHODSThe solubility of LQ in different types of excipient, namely oils (OLs), emulsifiers (EMs), and co‐emulsifiers (CO‐EMs), was evaluated, and a pseudo‐ternary phase diagram (PTPD) and the formulation optimization were established. The prepared self‐nanoemulsifying drug delivery system of liquiritin (LQ‐SNEDDS) was assessed using droplet size (DS), zeta potential (ZP), polydispersity index (PDI), droplet morphology, drug release in vitro, and oral bioavailability.RESULTSAfter the dilution of the LQ‐SNEDDS, a transparent nanoemulsion was obtained with an acceptable DS (24.70 ± 0.73 nm), ZP (−18.69 ± 1.44 mV), and PDI (0.122 ± 0.006). The LQ‐SNEDDS that was developed had a better release rate in vitro than the free LQ suspension. Pharmacokinetic evaluation showed that the relative oral bioavailability of LQ‐SNEDDS was increased by 5.53 times, and LQ‐SNEDDS exhibited a delayed half life and longer retention time in comparison with those of free LQ. Similarly, LQ‐SNEDDS had a better urate lowering effect and provided better organ protection than free LQ at the same dose (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONSThe incorporation of LQ into SNEDDS could serve as a promising approach to improve the solubility, oral bioavailability, and anti‐hyperuricemic effect of LQ. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
An alternative route for the preparation of phenol: Decomposition of cyclohexylbenzene‐1‐hydroperoxide
Authors: Yang Yufei , Zhang Yadong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this work, a HPW/ZSM‐5 catalyst was prepared by impregnating phosphotungstic acid (HPW) with carrier ZSM‐5 zeolite and characterized by XRD, SEM, N2 adsorption/desorption isotherm, NH3‐TPD, and FT‐IR techniques. The catalytic performance of HPW/ZSM‐5 was investigated by using the decomposition reaction of cyclohexylbenzene‐1‐hydroperoxide (CHBHP) to phenol and cyclohexanone. The conversion rate of CHBHP was up to 97.28%. In addition, the reusability test exhibited that the high durability HPW/ZSM‐5 as the conversion rate of CHBHP only decreased by 3.11% after five runs. The kinetic study of the decomposition reaction indicated it was a primary reaction. The apparent activation energy of the decomposition reaction was 102.39 kJ·mol–1 in the temperature range of 45–60℃. All results indicate that the HPW/ZSM‐5 catalyst has good performance and promising applications in acid catalyzed organic chemistry.
Bioprinting of Human Liver‐Derived Epithelial Organoids for Toxicity Studies
Authors: Bouwmeester Manon C. , Bernal Paulina N. , Oosterhoff Loes A. , van Wolferen Monique E. , Lehmann Vivian , Vermaas Monique , Buchholz Maj‐Britt , Peiffer Quentin C. , Malda Jos , van der Laan Luc J. W. , Kramer Nynke I. , Schneeberger Kerstin , Levato Riccardo , Spee Bart 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThere is a need for long‐lived hepatic in vitro models to better predict drug induced liver injury (DILI). Human liver‐derived epithelial organoids are a promising cell source for advanced in vitro models. Here, organoid technology is combined with biofabrication techniques, which holds great potential for the design of in vitro models with complex and customizable architectures. Here, porous constructs with human hepatocyte‐like cells derived from organoids are generated using extrusion‐based printing technology. Cell viability of bioprinted organoids remains stable for up to ten days (88–107% cell viability compared to the day of printing). The expression of hepatic markers, transporters, and phase I enzymes increased compared to undifferentiated controls, and is comparable to non‐printed controls. Exposure to acetaminophen, a well‐known hepatotoxic compound, decreases cell viability of bioprinted liver organoids to 21–51% (p < 0.05) compared to the start of exposure, and elevated levels of damage marker miR‐122 are observed in the culture medium, indicating the potential use of the bioprinted constructs for toxicity testing. In conclusion, human liver‐derived epithelial organoids can be combined with a biofabrication approach, thereby paving the way to create perfusable, complex constructs which can be used as toxicology‐ and disease‐models.
Prognostic factors for patients with relapsed central nervous system nongerminomatous germ cell tumors
Authors: Abu‐Arja Mohammad H. , Osorio Diana S. , Lassaletta Alvaro , Graham Richard T. , Coven Scott L. , Stanek Joseph R. , Bouffet Eric , Finlay Jonathan L. , Abdelbaki Mohamed S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe aimed toidentify prognostic factors that may help better understand the behavior of relapsed central nervous system nongerminomatous germ cell tumors. We identified nine studies, including 101 patients; 33 patients (33%) were alive 12 months post‐initial relapse. Sixty percent of patients with serum/cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) level ≤25 ng/mL at initial diagnosis were survivors compared with 28% among patients with serum/CSF AFP level >25 ng/mL (P = 0.01). Seventy‐one percent of patients who achieved complete response/continued complete response (CR/CCR) by the end of therapy at relapse were survivors compared with 7% among patients who had less than CR/CCR (P < 0.0001). Forty‐eight percent of patients who received marrow‐ablative chemotherapy followed by autologous hematopoietic cell rescue (HDCx/AuHCR) following relapse were survivors compared with 12% among patients who did not receive HDCx/AuHCR (P = 0.0001). Local relapse site, gross total surgical resection, and radiotherapy at relapse were not associated with improved outcomes.
Physician adjudication of angioedema diagnosis codes in a population of patients with heart failure prescribed angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor therapy
Authors: Mansi Elizabeth T. , Johnson Eric S. , Thorp Micah L. , Go Alan S. , Lee Ming‐Sum , Shen Albert Yuh‐Jer , Park Ken J. , Budzynska Katarzyna , Markin Abraham , Sung Sue Hee , Thompson Jamie H. , Slaughter Matthew T. , Luong Tiffany Q. , An Jaejin , Reynolds Kristi , Roblin Douglas W. , Cassidy‐Bushrow Andrea E. , Kuntz Jennifer L. , Schlienger Raymond G. , Behr Sigrid , Smith David H. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurposeOur objective was to calculate the positive predictive value (PPV) of the ICD‐9 diagnosis code for angioedema when physicians adjudicate the events by electronic health record review. Our secondary objective was to evaluate the inter‐rater reliability of physician adjudication.MethodsPatients from the Cardiovascular Research Network previously diagnosed with heart failure who were started on angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) during the study period (July 1, 2006 through September 30, 2015) were included. A team of two physicians per participating site adjudicated possible events using electronic health records for all patients coded for angioedema for a total of five sites. The PPV was calculated as the number of physician‐adjudicated cases divided by all cases with the diagnosis code of angioedema (ICD‐9‐CM code 995.1) meeting the inclusion criteria. The inter‐rater reliability of physician teams, or kappa statistic, was also calculated.ResultsThere were 38 061 adults with heart failure initiating ACEI in the study (21 489 patient‐years). Of 114 coded events that were adjudicated by physicians, 98 angioedema events were confirmed for a PPV of 86% (95% CI: 80%, 92%). The kappa statistic based on physician inter‐rater reliability was 0.65 (95% CI: 0.47, 0.82).ConclusionsICD‐9 diagnosis code of 995.1 (angioneurotic edema, not elsewhere classified) is highly predictive of angioedema in adults with heart failure exposed to ACEI.