bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intermittent Fasting Enhances Right Ventricular Function in Preclinical Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Prisco Sasha Z. , Eklund Megan , Moutsoglou Daphne M. , Prisco Anthony R. , Khoruts Alexander , Weir E. Kenneth , Thenappan Thenappan , Prins Kurt W. 
Published: November 2021

Background
Intermittent fasting (IF) confers pleiotropic cardiovascular benefits including restructuring of the gut microbiome and augmentation of cellular metabolism. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare and lethal disease characterized by right ventricular (RV) mitochondrial dysfunction and resultant lipotoxicity and microbiome dysbiosis. However, the effects of IF on RV function in PAH are unexplored. Therefore, we investigated how IF altered gut microbiota composition, RV function, and survival in the monocrotaline model of PAH.

Methods and Results

Male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly allocated into 3 groups: control, monocrotaline‐ad libitum feeding, and monocrotaline‐IF (every other day feeding). Echocardiography and invasive hemodynamics showed IF improved RV systolic and diastolic function despite no significant change in PAH severity. IF prevented premature mortality (30% mortality rate in monocrotaline‐ad libitum versus 0% in monocrotaline‐IF rats,
P
=0.04). IF decreased RV cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and reduced RV fibrosis. IF prevented RV lipid accrual on Oil Red O staining and ceramide accumulation as determined by metabolomics. IF mitigated the reduction in jejunum villi length and goblet cell abundance when compared with monocrotaline‐ad libitum. The 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing demonstrated IF changed the gut microbiome. In particular, there was increased abundance of
Lactobacillus
in monocrotaline‐IF rats. Metabolomics profiling revealed IF decreased RV levels of microbiome metabolites including bile acids, aromatic amino acid metabolites, and gamma‐glutamylated amino acids.

Conclusions
IF directly enhanced RV function and restructured the gut microbiome. These results suggest IF may be a non‐pharmacological approach to combat RV dysfunction, a currently untreatable and lethal consequence of PAH.
Clonal Hematopoiesis Is Associated With Higher Risk of Stroke
Authors: Bhattacharya Romit , Zekavat Seyedeh M. , Haessler Jeffrey , Fornage Myriam , Raffield Laura , Uddin Md Mesbah , Bick Alexander G. , Niroula Abhishek , Yu Bing , Gibson Christopher , Griffin Gabriel , Morrison Alanna C. , Psaty Bruce M. , Longstreth William T. , Bis Joshua C. , Rich Stephen S. , Rotter Jerome I. , Tracy Russell P. , Correa Adolfo , Seshadri Sudha , Johnson Andrew , Collins Jason M. , Hayden Kathleen M. , Madsen Tracy E. , Ballantyne Christie M. , Jaiswal Siddhartha , Ebert Benjamin L. , Kooperberg Charles , Manson JoAnn E. , Whitsel Eric A. ,   NHLBI Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine Program, Natarajan Pradeep , Reiner Alexander P. 
Published: November 2021

Background and Purpose:
Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) is a novel age-related risk factor for cardiovascular disease–related morbidity and mortality. The association of CHIP with risk of incident ischemic stroke was reported previously in an exploratory analysis including a small number of incident stroke cases without replication and lack of stroke subphenotyping. The purpose of this study was to discover whether CHIP is a risk factor for ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke.

Methods:

We utilized plasma genome sequence data of blood DNA to identify CHIP in 78 752 individuals from 8 prospective cohorts and biobanks. We then assessed the association of CHIP and commonly mutated individual CHIP driver genes (
DNMT3A
,
TET2
, and
ASXL1
) with any stroke, ischemic stroke, and hemorrhagic stroke.

Results:

CHIP was associated with an increased risk of total stroke (hazard ratio, 1.14 [95% CI, 1.03–1.27];
P
=0.01) after adjustment for age, sex, and race. We observed associations with CHIP with risk of hemorrhagic stroke (hazard ratio, 1.24 [95% CI, 1.01–1.51];
P
=0.04) and with small vessel ischemic stroke subtypes. In gene-specific association results,
TET2
showed the strongest association with total stroke and ischemic stroke, whereas
DMNT3A
and
TET2
were each associated with increased risk of hemorrhagic stroke.

Conclusions:
CHIP is associated with an increased risk of stroke, particularly with hemorrhagic and small vessel ischemic stroke. Future studies clarifying the relationship between CHIP and subtypes of stroke are needed.
Onthophagus acernorus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Onthophagini), a new dung beetle species from Jalisco, Mexico
Authors: MOCTEZUMA VICTOR , HERNÁNDEZ BENJAMÍN , SÁNCHEZ-HUERTA JOSÉ LUIS , NAVARRETE-HEREDIA JOSÉ LUIS , MARTÍNEZ-RODRÍGUEZ PABLO ANTONIO 
Published: November 2021

The Onthophagus chevrolati Harold, 1869 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Onthophagini) species complex was recently studied, and a majority of its species were newly described or redescribed (see Moctezuma & Halffter 2020). Onthophagus viridichevrolati Moctezuma & Halffter, 2020 was the only species within the O. chevrolati species complex recognized to occur in the Mexican state of Jalisco (Moctezuma & Halffter 2020). Recently, new material belonging to the O. chevrolati species complex was collected from the maple (Acer; Sapindaceae) forests of Talpa de Allende, Jalisco, Mexico. The examination of these specimens showed that they are morphologically similar to O. chevrolati Harold, 1869 and belong to an undescribed species. In this study, we provide photographs of the habitus (male and female) and male genitalia of O. acernorus new species; an identification key to separate it from O. chevrolati, and an updated distribution map of the O. chevrolati species complex.
Predicting Winter Wheat Heading Date: A Simple Model and Its Validation in Kansas
Authors: Zhao H. D. , Sassenrath G. F. , Zambreski Z. T. , Shi L. , Lollato R. , Wolf E. De , Lin X. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Accurate prediction of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) heading date is important for determining the potential incidence of diseases and abiotic stresses such as freeze or heat events. Wheat phenological modeling requires cultivar- and crop-zone-specific vernalization and photoperiod knowledge. Previous models applied in Kansas showed that the uncertainties of predicting heading date were large and could be improved. In this study, a modification to the Scientific Impact Assessment and Modeling Platform for Advanced Crop and Ecosystem Management (SIMPLACE) model was developed and implemented to improve the accuracy of winter wheat heading date estimation. The cultivar- and crop-zone-specific model parameters were calculated using a Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation. The modified models were calibrated by using the longest observation site to cover all cultivars planted in each crop zone. Model performance was then evaluated for seven winter wheat cultivars at eight experiment sites distributed across four crop zones in Kansas. Our modified model (MS) had a root-mean-square error (RMSE) between predicted and observed heading date of 4 days, which reflects an improved accuracy by 5–8 days on average compared to the Agricultural Production Systems Simulator (APSIM) or the original SIMPLACE models. There was a clear correlation between the uncertainty of the modeled heading date and the sowing date in previous models. Our modified model demonstrates that integrating nonlinear temperature response functions, temperature stress factors, and sowing date information improved prediction of the heading date in winter wheat across Kansas.
Diurnal Cycles of Synthetic Microwave Sounding Lower-Stratospheric Temperatures from Radio Occultation Observations, Reanalysis, and Model Simulations
Authors: Sweeney Aodhan J. , Fu Qiang 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
An observationally based global climatology of the temperature diurnal cycle in the lower stratosphere is derived from 11 different satellites with global positioning system–radio occultation (GPS-RO) measurements from 2006 to 2020. Methods used in our analysis allow for accurate characterization of global stratospheric temperature diurnal cycles, even in the high latitudes where the diurnal signal is small but longer time-scale variability is large. A climatology of the synthetic Microwave Sounding Unit (MSU) and Advanced MSU (AMSU) Temperature in the Lower Stratosphere (TLS) is presented to assess the accuracy of diurnal cycle climatologies for the MSU and AMSU TLS observations, which have traditionally been generated by model data. The TLS diurnal ranges are typically less than 0.4 K in all latitude bands and seasons investigated. It is shown that the diurnal range (maximum minus minimum temperature) of TLS is largest over Southern Hemisphere tropical land in the boreal winter season, indicating the important role of deep convection. The range, phase, and seasonality of the TLS diurnal cycle are generally well captured by the WACCM6 simulation and ERA5 dataset. We also present an observationally based diurnal cycle climatology of temperature profiles from 300 to 10 hPa for various latitude bands and seasons and compare the ERA5 data with the observations.
Storm-Scale Polarimetric Radar Signatures Associated with Tornado Dissipation in Supercells
Authors: Segall Jacob H. , French Michael M. , Kingfield Darrel M. , Loeffler Scott D. , Kumjian Matthew R. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Polarimetric radar data from the WSR-88D network are used to examine the evolution of various polarimetric precursor signatures to tornado dissipation within a sample of 36 supercell storms. These signatures include an increase in bulk hook echo median raindrop size, a decrease in midlevel differential radar reflectivity factor (ZDR) column area, a decrease in the magnitude of the ZDR arc, an increase in the area of low-level large hail, and a decrease in the orientation angle of the vector separating low-level ZDR and specific differential phase (KDP) maxima. Only supercells that produced “long-duration” tornadoes (with at least four consecutive volumes of WSR-88D data) are investigated, so that signatures can be sufficiently tracked in time, and novel algorithms are used to isolate each storm-scale process. During the time leading up to tornado dissipation, we find that hook echo median drop size (D0) and median ZDR remain relatively constant, but hook echo median KDP and estimated number concentration (NT) increase. The ZDR arc maximum magnitude and ZDR–KDP separation orientation angles are observed to decrease in most dissipation cases. Neither the area of large hail nor the ZDR column area exhibit strong signals leading up to tornado dissipation. Finally, combinations of storm-scale behaviors and TVS behaviors occur most frequently just prior to tornado dissipation, but also are common 15–20 min prior to dissipation. The results from this study provide evidence that nowcasting tornado dissipation using dual-polarization radar may be possible when combined with TVS monitoring, subject to important caveats.
Surgical Diagnoses of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Not Found on Previous Endoscopic Ultrasound: A Case Series and Review of the Literature
Authors: Davidyuk Vladimir , Bhutiani Neal , Gold Maks K. , Mortensen Garrett F. , Trestrail Timothy , Brown Amber N , Vitale Rebecca J. , McClave Stephen A. , Vitale Gary C. 
Published: November 2021

Introduction Pancreatic cancer is a leading cause of death in North America and Western Europe with rising rates in the developing world. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) with FNA (fine needle aspiration) is a critical component in the evaluation and diagnosis of pancreatic lesions with a high sensitivity and specificity. In this paper, we report patients at our center who eventually developed pancreatic cancer despite an early negative EUS, and identifying factors that may result in a missed diagnosis. Methods The University of Louisville database was queried for patients who had a Whipple procedure for presumed benign disease and had a pre-operative EUS between 2008 and 2018. Patients who had pancreatic adenocarcinoma on final pathology were identified. Demographic, clinical, EUS, operative, and pathologic details were reviewed for each case in efforts to identify factors associated with failure to diagnose a pancreatic malignancy on EUS. Results Five patients who had pancreatic adenocarcinoma on final pathology were reviewed in detail and their cases are presented in the paper. Four of the patients had dilation of the common bile duct, three had chronic pancreatitis. Two of them had previous surgery on the pancreas or bile ducts. Conclusions All of the patients presented in the paper had variables that made their EUS evaluation challenging. A high index of suspicion must be maintained in patients that do not improve after appropriate treatment of their strictures or pancreatic lesions. In the future, new techniques, such as fine needle biopsy and biomarker assays, may improve diagnosis accuracy.
Bosnian voices from the bottom of the well: Genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity and victims’ right to remedies
Authors: Begicevic Alma 
Published: November 2021

Human rights advocates call for reparation as an important step to acknowledge and repair historical injustice and mass harms. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, victims of war continue to seek monetary reparation for non-pecuniary damages caused by genocide: murder, injury to human body and dignity, and harms inflicted upon a close family member. They seek legal remedies using national, foreign, and international human rights judicial venues. Drawing from qualitative, ethnographic research data and archival documents, the article examines legal claims and public discourse regarding reparation and makes a case for a reconceptualization of reparation by including victim voices. The article concludes that despite being absent from the post-conflict victims’ reparation programs in Bosnia and Herzegovina, monetary reparation has assumed a social valuation attribute. On the one hand, it is a victim’s call for retributive, legal conceptions of justice – that someone who escaped international and national criminal justice programs pays. On the other hand, it is a tool to draw attention to Bosnian victims’ present civil and political exclusions that came with the international post-conflict peace treaty. While the post-war reconstruction focused on international trials, democratization, restorative justice, and state building programs, it also restricted socio-economic and cultural rights by redefining the citizenship and dismantling the welfare state. Reparation is a debt owed to victims.
Creation of a three-dimensional printed spine model for training in pain procedures
Authors: Koh Jae Chul , Jang Yoo Kyung , Seong Hyunyoung , Lee Kae Hong , Jun Seungwoo , Choi Jong Bum 
Published: November 2021

Objective Technological developments have made it possible to create simulation models to educate clinicians on surgical techniques and patient preparation. In this study, we created an inexpensive lumbar spine phantom using patient data and analyzed its usefulness in clinical education. Methods This randomized comparative study used computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging data from a single patient to print a three-dimensional (3D) bone framework and create a mold. The printed bones and structures made from the mold were placed in a simulation model that was used to train residents. The residents were divided into two groups: Group L, which received only an audiovisual lecture, and Group P, which received an additional 1 hour of training using the 3D phantom. The performance of both groups was evaluated using pretest and post-test analyses. Results Both the checklist and global rating scores increased after training in both groups. However, some variables improved significantly only in Group P. The overall satisfaction score was also higher in Group P than in Group L. Conclusions We have described a method by which medical doctors can create a spine simulation phantom and have demonstrated its efficiency for procedural education.
Leveraging the Scaling Up Nutrition Movement to Operationalize Stunting Prevention Activities: Implementation Lessons From Rural Malawi
Authors: Kodish Stephen R. , Farhikhtah Arghanoon , Mlambo Trust , Hambayi Mutinta Nseluke , Jones Vanessa , Aburto Nancy J. 
Published: November 2021

Background: The rural district of Ntchisi is in the central region of Malawi. Among children aged 6 to 23 months, the stunting prevalence is 40% to 50%. To address this high prevalence, the World Food Programme, with cooperating partners, supported the Government of Malawi to implement an integrated stunting prevention program entitled The Right Foods at the Right Time from 2013 to 2018. Objective: To provide implementation lessons learned from systematic documentation of how the Scaling Up Nutrition (SUN) movement, combined with other international and national initiatives and policies, was translated into tailored programming. Methods: During program conception, early design, and implementation, this descriptive study systematically documented the process of translating SUN principles and government policies into an operational stunting prevention program in rural Malawi. Results: We identified 8 factors that contributed to successful translation of policy into program activities: (1) well-structured National SUN framework, (2) reliable coordination platforms and district ownership, (3) systematic and evidence-informed program design, (4) multiple forms of data used to inform program planning, (5) multisectoral implementation approaches to stunting prevention, (6) innovation in technology to improve overall program efficiency, (7) systematic collaboration among diverse stakeholders, and (8) strong public health nutrition capacity of program team members. Conclusions: Lessons from this nutrition program in Ntchisi, Malawi, provide one case illustrating how the SUN movement, government policies, and global evidence base can be operationalized into tailored programming for improving nutrition.
Anticoagulant rodenticide ingestion: Who will develop coagulopathy?
Authors: Tam Ka Wing , Chan Chi Keung , Liu Shan 
Published: November 2021

Introduction:Development of coagulopathy after anticoagulant rodenticide ingestion varies among patients. This study aimed to identify factors that were associated with coagulopathy after anticoagulant rodenticide ingestion.Methods:This was a retrospective cohort study, conducted in the Hong Kong Poison Information Centre. All patients who reported rodenticide exposure and presented to the Accident and Emergency Department from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2019 were recruited. Coagulopathy was defined as International Normalized Ratio of 1.3 or above.Results:One hundred sixty‐nine patients were included in the final analysis. The median age was 44 years old. Forty‐nine patients developed coagulopathy (International Normalized Ratio ⩾1.3). Univariate analysis (at p < 0.05) showed that age (p = 0.003), ingestion of first‐generation anticoagulant rodenticide (p = 0.017), ingestion of more than one pack (p < 0.001), intentional ingestion (p = 0.002), hypoalbuminemia (p < 0.001), elevated alanine aminotransferase level (p = 0.041) and abnormal estimated glomerular filtration rate (p = 0.005) on presentation, and co‐ingestion with paracetamol (p = 0.018) were associated with coagulopathy after anticoagulant rodenticide ingestion. Among these, ingestion of more than one pack (p < 0.001; odds ratio = 19.8; 95% confidence interval = 6.78–65.7), ingestion of first‐generation anticoagulant rodenticide (p = 0.006; odds ratio = 5.2; 95% confidence interval = 1.96–15.2), hypoalbuminemia (p < 0.001; odds ratio = 22.4; 95% confidence interval = 6.17–99.0) and elevated alanine aminotransferase level on presentation (p = 0.039; odds ratio = 7.11; 95% confidence interval = 1.58–33.1) were statistically significant in the multivariate analysis.Conclusion:Ingestion of more than one pack and ingestion of first‐generation anticoagulant rodenticides were significantly associated with the development of coagulopathy after anticoagulant rodenticide ingestion. Patients who developed hypoalbuminemia or elevated alanine aminotransferase level as a result of anticoagulant rodenticide ingestion were also significantly associated with the development of coagulopathy.
The biopsychosocial model – history, controversy and Engel
Authors: Lugg William 
Published: November 2021

Objective: The biopsychosocial (BPS) model remains the predominant theoretical framework underpinning contemporary psychiatric training and practice. Like all models, it has its limitations and its critics. In light of recent censure, The purpose of this article was to (a) review key aspects of the history, development and contemporary utility of the BPS model and, (b) review key contributions of George Engel. Conclusion: An aetiological model for mental disorders that involves psychological, biological and sociocultural factors has existed since at least the 1940s. The term “biopsychosocial” was arguably first coined by Roy Grinker in 1952. Spurred on by his interest in systems theory, Engel expanded upon the model in 1977 and used it to hypothesise about the integration of mind and body. Despite its shortcomings, the BPS model remains relevant and useful.
Average 4-Year Outcomes of Distal Oblique First Metatarsal Osteotomy for Stage 1 to 3 Hallux Rigidus
Authors: Saur Maurise , Lucas y Hernandez Julien , Barouk Pierre , Bejarano-Pineda Lorena , Maynou Carlos , Laffenetre Olivier 
Published: November 2021

Background: Hallux rigidus is the second most frequent pathology of the first ray. Surgical options for degenerative metatarsophalangeal joint disease are either joint destructive or conservative procedures. The hypothesis was that oblique distal shortening osteotomy of the first metatarsal is an effective conservative technique for the management of stage 1 to 3 hallux rigidus. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 87 feet with Coughlin and Shurnas’s stage 1-3 hallux rigidus, operated between 2009 and 2019. The cohort consisted in 72 patients (87 feet) with an average age of 57±9 (30/79) years; 22 of 87 (25.3%) feet had the first metatarsal surgery performed in isolation; 65 of 87 (74.7%) had concomitant forefoot procedures, including 31 of 87 (35.6%) with Akin phalangeal osteotomies and 34 of 87 (39.1%) with Moberg phalangeal osteotomies. We evaluated the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) Scale, subjective satisfaction, joint amplitudes, shortening rate, and occurrence of postoperative complications with a mean follow-up of 51 months (16/134). Results: The AOFAS score increased from 54.2±11.3 (25/70) preoperatively to 92.2±7.8 (62/100) postoperatively ( P < .001). Patients reported excellent or good outcome in 95.4% of cases. The 40-point self-reported pain subscale score improved from 19.6 (± 10.0) to 37.4 (± 5.4), P < .001. The overall range of motion increased from 61±21 (20/110) degrees to 69±17 (35/120) degrees ( P < .001). The mean first metatarsal shortening rate (SRpo) was 9.6%. Neither the Coughlin grade, the metatarsal index, or the SRpo influenced the AOFAS score. At 6-month follow-up, 15 patients had transfer metatarsalgia compared with 5 at last follow-up without requiring another surgical procedure. The risk was not significantly different according to Coughlin's stage, preoperative metatarsal index, or SRpo. Conclusion: Oblique distal osteotomy of the first metatarsal for stage 1-3 hallux rigidus, often in combination with other first ray procedures, performed well during our follow-up time period, with a high subjective satisfaction rate and few complications. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective cohort study.