bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tiny but mighty? Overview of a decade of research on nectar bacteria
Authors: Quevedo‐Caraballo Sergio , de Vega Clara , Lievens Bart , Fukami Tadashi , Álvarez‐Pérez Sergio 
Published: December 2024

SummaryAn emerging focus of research at the intersection of botany, zoology, and microbiology is the study of floral nectar as a microbial habitat, referred to as the nectar microbiome, which can alter plant–pollinator interactions. Studies on these microbial communities have primarily focused on yeasts, and it was only about a decade ago that bacteria began to be studied as widespread inhabitants of floral nectar. This review aims to give an overview of the current knowledge on nectar bacteria, with emphasis on evolutionary origin, dispersal mode, effects on nectar chemistry and plant–animal interactions, community assembly, agricultural applications, and their use as model systems in ecological research. We further outline gaps in our understanding of the ecological significance of these microorganisms, their response to environmental changes, and the potential cascading effects.
Algorithmic Management and Workplace Bullying: The Relevance of Specific Employee Experiences Across Work Environments
Authors: Reimann Mareike , Diewald Martin 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAlgorithmic management (AM) is regarded as a crucial advancement in current workplaces. AM has the potential to alter job tasks and reorganize entire work processes, thus affecting the working conditions of employees. Nonetheless, research on the possible consequences for workplace relationships remains limited. This study narrows this gap by investigating the association between AM and perceived workplace bullying by supervisors or co‐workers. Based on multilevel analyses of a sample of 4929 employees in 160 workplaces derived from German linked employer–employee data, specific experiences with AM contribute more to perceptions of workplace bullying than the mere frequency of involvement. Negative experiences such as reduced control and design options, violation of privacy and constant monitoring, are associated with the perception of bullying. Shared experiences of employees within workplaces are additionally important in explaining bullying. The findings suggest a nondeterministic nature of AM, with variations in its implementation across different work environments.
Effects of size and amount and burial depth on early decomposition of maize straw and the links to microbial and nematode communities in the Mollisol of China
Authors: Zhang Futao , Wang Tianshu , Jiang Heng , Zhang Bin , Han Ya , Yao Shuihong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCrop straw is often incorporated into soil at different depths via agricultural practices like tillage, with regional variation in straw decomposition. However, the relative role of management practices on straw decomposition remains unclear. Here, a 5‐month field experiment using litterbags was conducted in three cold sites within China's Mollisol region, with two burial depths (15 and 30 cm) and four maize straw treatments (big straw and small straw at the amounts of 0.5% and 1.0%, respectively). The objectives were to determine the effects of the size and amount and burial depth of straw on its decomposition, microbial and nematode communities, and to identify the key factors regulating straw decomposition. Straw mass loss was affected by straw treatments rather than burial depths in all sites. Specifically, it was the lowest for 0.5% big straw among four straw treatments. Small straw lost more mass than big straw only at the amount of 0.5%, with the variations declining and even disappearing in the site experiencing relatively high temperatures. Microbial biomss and nematode abundance of specific groups were affected by the size and amount of straw in some cases, where the presence of 0.5% big straw corresponded with the lowest microbial biomass and the highest nematode abundance. All bacterial and fungal biomass and some nematode abundances were higher at 30 cm than at 15 cm in the sites with relatively low temperature. The abundance and Shannon index of nematodes were correlated with Gram‐positive bacterial biomass and microbial diversity and evenness index positively, and with other microbial biomass negatively. The straw decomposition explained 83.60% and 77.25% of variations in microbial and nematode community composition, respectively. These results suggest that the physical traits rather than burial depth dominate straw decomposition via changing microbial growth and their interaction with specific nematodes under similar climatic conditions, and the effects of straw physical traits are changed by climate on a large regional scale. Reducing the size and amount is a potential strategy stimulating straw decomposition, particularly in the cold regions.
Torsion‐free connections of second‐order maximally superintegrable systems
Authors: Vollmer Andreas 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSecond‐order (maximally) conformally superintegrable systems play an important role as models of mechanical systems, including systems such as the Kepler–Coulomb system and the isotropic harmonic oscillator. This paper is dedicated to understanding non‐ and semi‐degenerate systems. We obtain “projective flatness” results for two torsion‐free connections naturally associated to such systems. This viewpoint sheds some light onto the interrelationship of properly and conformally (second‐order maximally) superintegrable systems from a geometrical perspective. It is shown that the semi‐degenerate secondary structure tensor can be viewed as the Ricci curvature of a natural torsion‐free connection defined by the primary structure tensor (and similarly in the non‐degenerate case). It is also shown that properly semi‐degenerate systems are characterised, similar to the non‐degenerate case, by the vanishing of the secondary structure tensor.
On noncommutative leapfrog map
Authors: Wang Bao , Li Shi‐Hao 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe investigate the integrability of the noncommutative leapfrog map in this paper. First, we derive the explicit formula for the noncommutative leapfrog map and corresponding discrete zero‐curvature equation by employing the concept of noncommutative cross‐ratio. Then we revisit this discrete map, as well as its continuous limit, from the perspective of noncommutative Laurent bi‐orthogonal polynomials. Finally, the Poisson structure for this discrete noncommutative map is formulated with the help of a noncommutative network. Through these constructions, we aim to enhance our understanding of the integrability properties of the noncommutative leapfrog map and its related mathematical structures.
Using Pseudotime Marching for the Solution of Harmonic Balance Problems
Authors: Frey Christian , Backhaus Jan , Ashcroft Graham , Geiser Georg , Winhart Benjamin , Stüer Heinrich 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to study approaches to implement implicit pseudotime marching for the harmonic balance system in the frequency domain. We first give a motivation for using pseudotime marching as a solution technique. It turns out that, when the discretization errors of the pseudospectral time-derivative and the pseudotime derivative are neglected, the harmonic balance solution converges to a stable periodic flow, provided that the initial solution is sufficiently close to a stable periodic solution. This motivates the choice of a robust pseudotime marching approach, e.g., an implicit solver based on backward Euler integration. This approach requires the Jacobian of the harmonic balance residual. As for the steady problem, the Jacobian can be approximated without changing the final solution as long as the solver converges. Therefore, a central question is which simplifications are appropriate in terms of the overall efficiency and robustness of the solver. As has been shown in the literature, the spectral time-derivative operator should be taken into account in the implicit system. On the other hand, the linearization of the flow residual can be simplified to a certain extent, especially if the system is solved in the frequency domain. In this paper, we show that, up to terms which scale with the amplitude of the disturbances, the linear system matrix is the sum of a scalar diagonal and a block diagonal matrix with identical blocks for each harmonic. The deviation from this structure is due to to the nonlinearity of the unsteady flow problem. We show that when the unsteadiness is small, the nonlinear coupling terms can be neglected in the implicit solver and the resulting special matrix structure can be exploited to massively speed up the solver. In contrast, when a strong disturbance is simulated, this simplification can lead to significant losses in robustness. To illustrate our findings, we apply the implemented methods to predict the flow response to a disturbance prescribed at the inlet of a transonic compressor. When the disturbance amplitude is increased, a strong oscillation is induced, and the harmonic balance solver converges only when the nonlinear coupling between the harmonics is taken into account.
Multi-Lattice Topology Optimization Via Generative Lattice Modeling
Authors: Chen Jiangce , Baldwin Martha , Prabha Narra Sneha , McComb Christopher 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Additive manufacturing enables the fabrication of multi-lattice structures, an advanced design approach featuring heterogeneous lattices at the mesoscale which are arranged to achieve a diverse and purposeful distribution of material properties at the macroscale. Compared to uniform lattice structures, multi-lattice structures permit greater design freedom and a larger design space, which makes it possible to achieve superior structure performance. However, the expanded design space introduces a substantial increase in the complexity that must be managed in order to achieve a multi-lattice structure solution. However, there is a lack of design automation approaches that can tractably create multi-lattice structures. This article introduces an innovative multi-scale topology optimization (TO) framework, called multi-lattice topology optimization with variational autoencoder (MulaTOVA), that is capable of concurrently addressing macro- and mesoscale design requirements. Neural networks (NNs) are employed in this framework to jointly represent the structural topology at the macroscale and the lattice heterogeneity at the mesoscale, enabling simultaneous optimization through the updating of the NNs’ weights. The connectivity between lattices is implicitly constrained by constraining the NNs, while the diversity of the lattices is guaranteed through a generative lattice model which is trained over a large lattice dataset. The performances of various NN types are compared, and Fourier neural operators (FNOs) demonstrated the best flexibility in balancing lattice diversity and local connectivity. Furthermore, our results show that the multi-lattice TO structures achieve a higher stiffness-to-weight ratio than solid TO structures.
An Ultrasound-Guided Miniature Hand-Eye Integrated Robot for Percutaneous Needle Placement
Authors: Li Haiyuan , He Tian , Yang Mingda , Chao Minghui , Zhang Qinjian , Song Hongxing 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Ultrasound-guided percutaneous puncture technology has advantages such as intra-operative real-time imaging, noninvasive operation, high targeting accuracy, nonionizing radiation, and low cost. However, traditional percutaneous puncture surgery requires doctors to hold ultrasound probes or puncture needles, which causes complex operations. In this article, by integrating ultrasound and needle insertion mechanisms, an ultrasound-guided miniature puncture robot is proposed. This robot can work without an external navigation or industrial or cooperative manipulator after hand-eye calibration and acknowledge the coordinate relationship between the ultrasound image and the robot tip. A three degrees-of-freedom (DoFs) of in-plane mechanism using linear actuators is designed so that the puncture needle can always be scanned by ultrasound during the operation, ensuring real-time monitoring. The method of planning puncture path, modeling the robot kinematics, and ultrasound hand-eye calibration are proposed. To track a needle in an ultrasound image, the image recognition and filter algorithm for the needle tip are presented. The accuracy of the robot puncture operation is verified by point targeting and path tracking experiments in the water tank and phantom, and the puncture error of the robot is 1.5 ± 0.5 mm in the water tank, 1.98 mm in the abdominal phantom, and 1.41 mm in the breast phantom. Finally, the work of this article effectively improves the availability and effectiveness of the ultrasound-guided puncture robot.
Insulin secretion, sensitivity, and clearance in normoglycemic Black and White adults with parental type 2 diabetes: association with incident dysglycemia
Authors: Edeoga Chimaroke , Asuzu Peace , Wan Jim , Dagogo-Jack Samuel 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionEthnic disparities in the prevalence and pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes are well documented, but prospective data on insulin dynamics vis-à-vis pre-diabetes/early dysglycemia risk in diverse populations are scant.Research design and methodsWe analyzed insulin secretion, sensitivity, and clearance among participants in the Pathobiology of Prediabetes in a Biracial Cohort (POP-ABC) study. The POP-ABC study followed initially normoglycemic offspring of parents with type 2 diabetes for 5.5 years, the primary outcome being incident dysglycemia. Assessments included anthropometry, oral glucose tolerance test, insulin sensitivity (hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp, HEC), insulin secretion (intravenous glucose tolerance test, IVGT), and disposition index (DI). Insulin clearance was derived as the molar ratio of plasma C peptide to insulin and by calculating the metabolic clearance rate during HEC.ResultsPOP-ABC participants who completed IVGT and HEC at baseline (145 African American, 123 European American; 72% women; mean age 44.6±10.1 years) were included in the present analysis. The baseline fasting plasma glucose was 91.9±6.91 mg/dL (5.11±0.38 mmol/L) and 2-hour plasma glucose was 123±25.1 mg/dL (6.83±1.83 mmol/L). African American offspring of parents with type 2 diabetes had higher insulin secretion and DI, and lower insulin sensitivity and clearance, than their European American counterparts. During 5.5 years of follow-up, 91 of 268 participants developed incident dysglycemia and 177 maintained normoglycemia. In Cox proportional hazards models, insulin secretion (HR 0.997 (95% CI 0.996 to 0.999), p=0.005), insulin sensitivity (HR 0.948 (95% CI 0.913 to 0.984), p=0.005), DI (HR 0.945 (95% CI 0.909 to 0.983), p=0.005) and basal insulin clearance (HR 1.030 (95% CI 1.005 to 1.056), p=0.018) significantly predicted incident dysglycemia.ConclusionsInsulin sensitivity, secretion, and clearance differ significantly in normoglycemic African American versus European American offspring of parents with type 2 diabetes and are associated with the risk of incident dysglycemia.
Challenges of sharing individual participant data for secondary research on neglected tropical diseases: the experience of Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative and a call for action
Authors: Tarwid Justyna , Childs Michelle , Junod-Moser Dominique , Negrouk Anastassia , Egondi Thaddaeus , Tipple Craig 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionThe Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative (DNDi) is committed to maximising the scientific value of the individual participant data (IPD) it has collected during its 20 years of activity and the IPD it will collect in the future, while safeguarding research participants’ privacy and their right to know how their data will be processed.ObjectiveThe objective of this article is to share what DNDi has learnt while working on its commitment to data sharing. It also aims to advance the debate about best practice in the research community to avoid ‘IPD sharing paralysis’, with a focus on multistakeholder projects involving patients and researchers based in countries with various levels of data privacy regulations and measures.ResultsThe article describes a practical case study outlining the ethical, legal and technical challenges encountered by DNDi in the context of IPD data sharing. The case study demonstrates that each individual research project presents new challenges, which frequently require external support, delaying the process of data sharing and increasing the overall cost.ConclusionThese challenges mean that a case-by-case approach is required for each IPD project to ensure an appropriate balance between the rights of the individual, the integrity of the research and the maximum use of IPD for scientific progress. A collective and inclusive approach is needed to streamline the process of IPD sharing and accelerate research into pressing unmet medical needs.
Understanding cervical cancer prevention in Africa: a qualitative systematic review of the role of men
Authors: Ebu Enyan Nancy Innocentia , Raouna Aigli , King-Okoye Michelle , Ken-Amoah Sebastian , Akakpo Patrick Kafui , Doi Lawrence , Obiri-Yeboah Dorcas 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundCervical cancer (CC) is a preventable noncommunicable disease if detected early through screening for precancers and appropriately managed. The causal link with high-risk human papillomavirus infection is established, making elimination possible through the WHO multipronged 90:70:90 strategy. However, practical CC elimination efforts need to address issues within the sociocultural context that can facilitate or hinder prevention strategies. In this regard, the role of men in promoting reproductive health, especially in Africa, cannot be overemphasised.ObjectiveThis systematic review examined the extent of involvement of men in CC prevention in Africa and its impact on the WHO CC elimination strategy.MethodsA comprehensive search for relevant literature was conducted from 2008 to 2023 in the following electronic databases: Embase, Medline, Global Health, APA PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL Plus and the WHO website. Eligible studies explored the views of n=592 men. Screening of abstracts and titles, data extraction and quality assessment were performed in duplicate. A narrative synthesis was performed, as developed by the Economic and Social Research Council Methods Programme, to synthesise the qualitative data.ResultsOut of the 1961 studies identified through the electronic database search, 16 met all inclusion criteria. This review revealed varying levels of awareness of CC among men; while some had little to no knowledge, others demonstrated a comprehensive understanding. Gaps in knowledge and perception of CC were evident across studies. Both individual and systemic challenges shaped the perspectives of men on screening as a preventive measure, resulting in a range of attitudes and concerns regarding human papillomavirus vaccination. Though male participation in CC prevention was generally low, it was noted that males were willing to play an active role in CC screening and vaccination by supporting the process. Men believed that aggressive education and awareness creation among men were required.ConclusionsThis review highlights the need for targeted interventions to improve awareness, knowledge and perception of CC among men. Such efforts are essential to help men recognise their crucial role in supporting CC elimination within the African context.PROSPERO registration numberThe review protocol was registered on 26 June 2023 in PROSPERO with registration number CRD42023437100.
Acute effect of a Mediterranean-style dietary pattern (MDP) on mood, anxiety and cognition in UK adults with mild to moderate anxiety and depression: the MediMood randomised controlled trial protocol
Authors: Esgunoglu Latife , Liaquat Marrium , Gillings Rachel , Lazar Alpar , Leddy Adrian , Brooks Jon , Penny William , Sami Saber , Hornberger M , Stevenson Emma , Jennings Amy , Minihane Anne Marie 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionPsychological disorders including depression and anxiety are significant public health concerns. A Mediterranean-style dietary pattern (MDP) has been associated with improved mental well-being in observational studies. Evidence of the acute (defined as postprandial to 1 week) effects of an MDP on brain function, mood, cognition and important modulators, including sleep and the gut microbiota is limited. The current intervention aims to examine whether an MDP, compared with a Western diet (WD), improves mood, cognition and anxiety symptoms, postprandially, at 24-hour and after 5 days in adults with mild to moderate anxiety and depression.Methods and analysisTwenty-five UK adults (aged 18 or over) with mild to moderate anxiety and/or depression and low adherence to an MDP were recruited to a cross-over randomised controlled trial. Each participant undergoes a 5 day MDP and a 5 day WD in a randomised order with all meals provided. The co-primary outcomes are mood and anxiety, with secondary outcomes including cognitive function, brain perfusion (as assessed by MRI), sleep quality, blood pressure, plasma glucose, insulin, lipids, C-reactive protein, cortisol, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, gut microbiota speciation and microbial metabolites including short chain fatty acids. A linear mixed model and/or paired analysis will be used to compare the effects of treatments over time.Ethics and disseminationThe study has received a favourable ethics opinion from the National Health Service London Queen Square Research Ethics Committee (22/LO/0796). The results will be disseminated through scientific journals and conferences.Trial registration numberNCT05927376.
Prevalence, spatial variation and associated factors of mixed milk feeding among mothers with infants aged 0–6 months in Ethiopia: a spatial and multilevel analysis
Authors: Endawkie Abel , Tsega Yawkal , Asmamaw Desale Bihonegn 
Published: December 2024

ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine the prevalence, spatial variation and associated factors of mixed milk feeding practice among mothers with infants aged 0–6 months in Ethiopia.Study designA cross-sectional study design was used.SettingThe study was conducted in Ethiopia.Population and participantThe study populations were mothers with infants aged 0–6 months and 550 weighted sampled mothers with infants aged 0–6 months were included in the analysis.Outcome variableThe primary outcome was mixed milk feeding practice measured by 24-hour recall assessment and the secondary outcome was factors of mixed milk feeding practice.ResultThe prevalence of mixed milk feeding practice among mothers with infants 0–6 months in Ethiopia was 55.5% with a 95% CI (51, 59). Spatial analysis revealed that mixed milk feeding practice was concentrated in Addis Ababa, Amhara, Oromia and the Southern regions of Ethiopia. Mothers with education had 1.2 times higher odds of engaging in mixed milk feeding compared with those who had no education (AOR=1.2, 95% CI 1.01, 2.3). Mothers from higher wealth index categories exhibited 1.7 times greater odds of mixed milk feeding than those from lower wealth index categories (AOR=1.69, 95% CI 1.3, 1.8). Mothers who delivered in health facilities had a 50% reduced risk of mixed milk feeding compared with those who delivered at home (AOR=0.5, 95% CI 0.3, 0.92). Lastly, the likelihood of mixed milk feeding was 2.6 times higher among mothers in urban administrative regions, while there was a 63% lower risk in less-developed regions compared with developed regions in Ethiopia.ConclusionThe study highlights the significant prevalence of mixed milk feeding practice among mothers with infants aged 0–6 months in Ethiopia. Spatial analysis revealed distinct geographical clusters of these practices, particularly in urban areas such as Addis Ababa, Amhara and Oromia. Maternal education, wealth status, place of delivery and regional differences were associated factors of mixed milk feeding. Specifically, mothers who have education and those from wealthier backgrounds were more likely to engage in mixed milk feeding, while those delivering in health facilities had a lower risk.