bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serving food in a separated style influences calorie estimates and eating behavior
Authors: Ai Yijie , Wang Xiaoyu , Zhao Hongrui 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis article aims to understand how and why a separated serving style of food (i.e., serving foods based on ingredient while maintaining their separation with no sides touching on a plate) influences calorie estimates and eating behavior. Results from two studies show that participants significantly underestimate the calorie content of their food and decrease food consumption in a separated (vs. mixed) serving style. Separate‐style foodservice calls attention to the act of eating and serves as a tool to facilitate weight management. In our studies, participants demonstrated a belief that separated (vs. mixed) food serving has the capacity to affect weight (rather than health attributes) and thereby influences calorie estimates. Even with unhealthy (e.g., fried snacks) foods, the separated serving style still makes the food appear less caloric, and increases self‐monitoring. In other words, the self‐monitoring that results from the serving of foods separately creates an anchoring effect, which decreases overall food consumption. This circumstance suggests that the visual arrangement of food intake has potential implications for food consumption and weight management.Practical applicationsIn an era of increasing obesity and the erosion of healthy eating habits, it is important to identify factors that can help people maintain both a healthier weight and diet. Our findings are particularly concerned with food serving design. Given that the separate intake of foods can lower one's caloric estimates of the serving, marketing personnel would do well to formulate strategies with this in mind. These findings further emphasize the potential impact of a visual separation of foods on consumers' eating behavior. The separated serving style could be a way of increasing self‐monitoring in order to control one's food intake. While previous research supports children's preference for food arranged in a separated serving style to allow for personal eating habits, no study has yet examined the effects (e.g., food evaluation and eating behavior) of a separated serving style among adults. Especially for dieters, adults tend to arrange their meals in a separated serving style. With preexisting evidence of the positive effects of a separate serving style in mind, this article expands the application of this food style to devise an effective strategy for an active and consistent reduction of unhealthy food consumption.
Outcomes following admission to paediatric intensive care: A systematic review
Authors: Procter Claire , Morrow Brenda , Pienaar Genee , Shelton Mary , Argent Andrew 
Published: February 2021

AimTo describe the long‐term health outcomes of children admitted to a paediatric intensive care unit.MethodsA systematic review of the literature was performed. Studies of children under 18 years of age admitted to a paediatric intensive care unit were included. Studies focussed on neonatal admissions and investigating specific paediatric intensive care unit interventions or admission diagnoses were excluded. A table was created summarising the study characteristics and main findings. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale for observational studies. Primary outcome was short‐, medium‐ and long‐term mortality. Secondary outcomes included measures of neurodevelopment, cognition, physical, behavioural and psychosocial function as well as quality of life.ResultsOne hundred and eleven studies were included, most were conducted in high‐income countries and focussed on short‐term outcomes. Mortality during admission ranged from 1.3 to 50%. Mortality in high‐income countries reduced over time but this trend was not evident for lower income countries. Higher income countries had lower standardised mortality rates than lower income countries. Children had an ongoing increased risk of death for up to 10 years following intensive care admission as well as increased physical and psychosocial morbidity compared to healthy controls, with associated poorer quality of life.ConclusionsThere is limited high‐level evidence for the long‐term health outcomes of children after intensive care admission, with the burden of related morbidity remaining greater in poorly resourced regions. Further research is recommended to identify risk factors and modifiable factors for poor outcomes, which could be targeted in practice improvement initiatives.
Evaluation of membrane‐based therapeutic plasma exchange as adjunctive treatment for immune‐mediated hematologic disorders in dogs
Authors: Francey Thierry , Etter Mathieu , Schweighauser Ariane 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundTherapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) has been used increasingly to treat immunological diseases in dogs, although data concerning its efficacy are lacking.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo describe the clinic and the outcome of dogs with immune‐mediated hematological disorders (IMHD) treated with membrane filtration TPE.AnimalsOne hundred forty‐six dogs diagnosed with IMHD, including 17 dogs treated with and 129 control dogs treated without TPE.MethodsRetrospective study of cases selected with a search of all medical records for dogs diagnosed with IMHD (2010‐2019). Primary outcomes included the assessment of safety and efficacy of adjunctive TPE compared to medical treatment alone.ResultsThe TPE group included 7 dogs with immune‐mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA), 5 dogs with immune‐mediated thrombocytopenia (IMT), and 5 dogs with combined IMHA‐IMT; the control group included 63 dogs with IMHA, 47 dogs with IMT, and 19 dogs with IMHA‐IMT. Dogs treated with TPE were more often refractory to initial immunosuppression (71%) than controls (43%; P = .04). Complications were observed in 15/43 TPE treatments (35%). The response rate of dogs treated with TPE was 83% in IMHA (controls, 65%; P = .5) and 80% in IMT (controls, 70%; P = .71). Overall, 12/17 dogs (71%) treated with TPE reached complete remission, 2/17 (12%) partial remission, and 3/17 (18%) died or were euthanized. Eighty‐two percent of the dogs treated with TPE survived to discharge (controls, 69%; P = .4).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceDespite a bias toward dogs refractory to initial immunosuppression, dogs treated with adjunctive TPE had a similar outcome as dogs treated medically.
Co‐occurrence of high densities of brown hyena and spotted hyena in central Tuli, Botswana
Authors: Vissia S. , Wadhwa R. , van Langevelde F. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractLarge carnivore populations are declining worldwide due to anthropogenic causes such as habitat loss and human expansion into wild areas. Competition between large carnivores can exacerbate this decline. While brown hyenaParahyaena brunneaand spotted hyenaCrocuta crocutabelong to the same family, they are rarely found in the same area or co‐occur at low densities as spotted hyena are known to exclude brown hyena. In Central Tuli, Botswana, however, brown hyena and spotted hyena are both found at high densities. We undertook a camera trap survey in this area to estimate the densities of both species, and to examine temporal overlap and co‐detection patterns of brown and spotted hyena. Estimated population densities based on spatial capture–recapture models were 10.5 ± 1.9/100 km2for brown hyena and 14.9 ± 2.2/100 km2for spotted hyena. These population densities are among the highest reported estimates in southern Africa. Strong temporal overlap was found between brown and spotted hyena, while there was no decrease in detection rate of brown hyena at camera sites where spotted hyena were also detected, which indicates that both hyena species did not tend to avoid encounters. Although both species compete for the same prey, we suggest as possible explanations that prey densities are high and that competition does not significantly negatively impact brown hyena, because brown hyena is a scavenger whereas spotted hyena scavenge and kill prey. With the found high densities of both carnivores, this study adds to the known variation in composition of existing large carnivore communities and suggests testable explanations for these densities.
Presurgical bladder wall thickness is a useful marker to predict the postsurgical improvement of symptoms in patients with pelvic organ prolapse‐related overactive bladder
Authors: Otsubo Asato , Matsuo Tomohiro , Miyata Yasuyoshi , Mukae Yuta , Mitsunari Kensuke , Ohba Kojiro , Sakai Hideki 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectivesPelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a cause of overactive bladder (OAB), and transvaginal mesh (TVM) surgery can improve the symptoms. Bladder wall thickness (BWT) is a useful and safe marker to evaluate bladder function in urinary disorders. The main purpose of this study is to clarify the relationship between BWT and changes in the OAB symptom score (OABSS) after TVM operation in patients with POP.MethodsBWT was measured by ultrasonography before and 6 months after surgery at three sites in the bladder: the anterior wall, trigone, and dome. Similarly, the OABSS was evaluated at the time of BWT measurement. Changes induced in BWT at each site and the mean BWT at all sites after TVM surgery were analyzed. Similarly, the relationship between presurgical BWT and the decrease in OABSS was investigated.ResultsTVM surgery improved OABSS in 30 patients (responders; 73.2%), while 11 patients were judged as nonresponders (26.8%). BWT at the anterior bladder wall and dome as well as the mean BWT at all three sites were significantly decreased by TVM surgery (P < .001). Similar trends were identified in OABSS responders; however, all markers showed no significant changes in OABSS nonresponders. All the BWT‐related markers before surgery were significantly lower in OABSS responders than in OABSS nonresponders.ConclusionsBWT at the bladder anterior wall and dome, but not the trigone, were decreased by TVM surgery. We conclude that presurgical BWT may be a useful marker to predict the improvement in OAB symptoms by TVM surgery in patients with POP‐related OAB.
Shock deformation in zircon grains from the Mien impact structure, Sweden
Authors: Martell Josefin , Alwmark Carl , Holm‐Alwmark Sanna , Lindgren Paula 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRecognition of impact‐induced deformation of minerals is crucial for the identification and confirmation of impact structures as well as for the understanding of shock wave behavior and crater formation. Shock deformed mineral grains from impact structures can also serve as important geochronometers, precisely dating the impact event. We investigated zircon grains from the Mien impact structure in southern Sweden with the aim of characterizing shock deformation. The grains were found in two samples of impact melt rock with varying clast content, and in one sample of suevitic breccia. We report the first documentation of so‐called “FRIGN zircon” (former reidite in granular neoblastic zircon) from Mien (pre‐erosion diameter 9 km), which confirms that this is an important impact signature also in relatively small impact structures. Furthermore, the majority of investigated zircon grains contain other shock‐related microtextures, most notably granular and microporous textures, that occur more frequently in grains found in the impact melt than in the suevitic breccia. Our findings show that zircon grains that are prime candidates for establishing a new and improved age refinement of the Mien impact structure are present in the impact melt.
Evaluation of light emitting diode suction traps for the collection of livestock‐associated Culicoides species in South Africa
Authors: de Beer C. J. , Boikanyo S. N. B. , Venter G. J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRisk analysis of pathogens transmitted by Culicoides (Diptera; Ceratopogonidae) depends on the ability to detect all potential vectors attacking livestock in an area. Onderstepoort 220‐V ultraviolet (UV) down‐draught light traps are considered the gold standard for this purpose. To improve the flexibility of this trap in the field, in the absence of 220‐V power, the possibility of using low‐energy light emitting diodes (LEDs) was assessed. The efficiency of a standard 220‐V Onderstepoort trap (30 cm 8 W fluorescent UV light tube) was compared to that of 220‐V Onderstepoort traps fitted with either two, four or eight individual white LEDs. The Onderstepoort 220‐V trap was also compared to a 12‐V Onderstepoort trap fitted with an 8 W fluorescent UV light tube, a 12‐V Onderstepoort trap with 12 individual white LEDs and 12‐V and 220‐V Onderstepoort traps fitted with 12 individual UV LEDs. Higher numbers of Culicoides as well as species diversity were collected with a brighter light source. The use of UV LEDs in both the 12‐V and 220‐V combinations was comparable to the Onderstepoort 220‐V light trap with ration to species diversity collected. The Onderstepoort 220‐V light trap is recommended if large numbers of Culicoides need to be collected.
The Spanish version of the esophageal hypervigilance and anxiety score shows strong psychometric properties: Results of a large prospective multicenter study in Spain and Latin America
Authors: Cisternas Daniel , Taft Tiffany , Carlson Dustin A. , Glasinovic Esteban , Monrroy Hugo , Rey Paula , Hani Albis , Ardila‐Hani Andres , Leguizamo Ana Maria , Bilder Claudio , Ditaranto Andres , Varela Amanda , Agotegaray Joaquin , Remes‐Troche Jose Maria , Ruiz de León Antonio , Pérez de la Serna Julio , Marin Ingrid , Serra Jordi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundAnxiety is a significant modulator of sensitivity along the GI tract. The recently described Esophageal Hypervigilance and Anxiety Score (EHAS) evaluates esophageal‐specific anxiety. The aims of this study were as follows: 1. translate and validate an international Spanish version of EHAS. 2. Evaluate its psychometric properties in a large Hispano‐American sample of symptomatic individuals.MethodsA Spanish EHAS version was developed by a Delphi process and reverse translation. Patients referred for high‐resolution manometry (HRM) were recruited prospectively from seven Spanish and Latin American centers. Several scores were used: EHAS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Eckardt score (ES), Gastroesophageal Reflux Questionnaire (GERDQ), and the Brief Esophageal Dysphagia Questionnaire (BEDQ). Standardized psychometric analyses were performed.Key ResultsA total of 443 patients were recruited. Spanish EHAS showed excellent reliability (Cronbach´s alpha = 0.94). Factor analysis confirmed the presence of two factors, corresponding to the visceral anxiety and hypervigilance subscales. Sufficient convergent validity was shown by moderate significant correlations between EHAS and other symptomatic scores. Patients with high EHAS scores had significantly more dysphagia. There was no difference in EHAS scores when compared normal vs abnormal or major manometric diagnosis.Conclusions and InferencesA widely usable Spanish EHAS version has been validated. We confirm its excellent psychometric properties in our patients, confirming the appropriateness of its use in different populations. Our findings support the appropriateness of evaluating esophageal anxiety across the whole manometric diagnosis spectrum.
Evolution of stomatal closure to optimize water‐use efficiency in response to dehydration in ferns and seed plants
Authors: Yang Yu‐Jie , Bi Min‐Hui , Nie Zheng‐Fei , Jiang Hui , Liu Xu‐Dong , Fang Xiang‐Wen , Brodribb Timothy J. 
Published: February 2021

Summary

Plants control water‐use efficiency (WUE) by regulating water loss and CO2 diffusion through stomata. Variation in stomatal control has been reported among lineages of vascular plants, thus giving rise to the possibility that different lineages may show distinct WUE dynamics in response to water stress.

Here, we compared the response of gas exchange to decreasing leaf water potential among four ferns and nine seed plant species exposed to a gradually intensifying water deficit. The data collected were combined with those from 339 phylogenetically diverse species obtained from previous studies.

In well‐watered angiosperms, the maximum stomatal conductance was high and greater than that required for maximum WUE, but drought stress caused a rapid reduction in stomatal conductance and an increase in WUE in response to elevated concentrations of abscisic acid. However, in ferns, stomata did not open beyond the optimum point corresponding to maximum WUE and actually exhibited a steady WUE in response to dehydration. Thus, seed plants showed improved photosynthetic WUE under water stress.

The ability of seed plants to increase WUE could provide them with an advantage over ferns under drought conditions, thereby presumably increasing their fitness under selection pressure by drought.
Thiamine deficiency unrelated to alcohol consumption in high‐income countries: a literature review
Authors: Gomes Filomena , Bergeron Gilles , Bourassa Megan W. , Fischer Philip R. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThiamine deficiency has been typically associated with alcoholism or as a prevalent problem in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) whose populations rely on staple foods with a low content of thiamine. We conducted a literature review of published and unpublished data to identify relevant adult cases with confirmed thiamine deficiency of nonalcoholic cause in developed countries. We selected 17 reports with 81 adult cases of confirmed thiamine deficiency affecting adult patients with a wide range of ages and underlying conditions (e.g., cancer, gastrointestinal diseases, heart failure, and obesity). Thiamine deficiency may have been caused by disease‐related malnutrition, bariatric surgery, chronic use of diuretics, repeated vomiting, lack of thiamine in parenteral nutrition formulas, food insecurity, and reliance on monotonous or restrictive diets. Treatment with intravenous thiamine resulted in partial or complete recovery from the symptoms (cardiac, neurologic, and metabolic disorders) for most patients. The number and variety of symptomatic thiamine‐deficient adults identified in this review demonstrates that thiamine deficiency is not exclusive to LMICs and, in high‐income settings, is not exclusive to alcoholic patients. In developed countries, this serious but treatable condition can be expected in patients suffering from various medical conditions or following certain dietary patterns.
The institutional role in oil revenue‐economic growth nexus in Nigeria
Authors: Raifu Isiaka Akande 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe mixed empirical findings from the previous studies that examined the impact of oil revenue on economic growth in oil‐rich countries have raised a lot of questions as to why oil revenue has not produced the expected growth effect in some of those countries. One of the factors responsible for such a phenomenon is the poor institutional quality that characterises some of these countries. Given this, this study investigates the role of institutional quality in oil revenue‐economic growth nexus in Nigeria over the period of 1984–2018. Using ARDL as an estimation method, our results show that, irrespective of the choice of oil revenue and economic growth variables, oil revenue is still indispensable to economic growth in the short run and the long run. However, interacting each of the institutional quality variables with real oil revenue and oil rents yields mixed empirical findings. Although some of the interacting variables produce positive effects on economic growth in both runs, the positive effect of some become insignificant and even turn negative in the robustness analysis. With the interaction of overall institutional quality index with oil revenue, oil revenue worsens economic growth in both runs. Given these results, it is suggested that government should improve institutional apparatuses in the country.
Integrated care for older adults during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Belgium: Lessons learned the hard way
Authors: Deschacht Martha , Malfait Simon , Eeckloo Kristof 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe corona pandemic challenges countries worldwide in many different ways. Due to its magnitude and impact on global health, this health crisis exposes several shortcomings in their health systems and emphasizes their shortcomings and deficiencies. These deficiencies have quickly affected the most frail citizens, such as older people. The first wave of the COVID19 pandemic in Belgium has quickly shown that nursing homes were not prepared for these kinds of crises. The nature, speed and extent gave rise to an accelerated and more extensive collaboration between various nursing homes and Ghent University Hospital. Before this crisis, the level of integrated care between nursing homes and hospitals was mostly limited. But setting up a strong collaboration model and integrated care between nursing homes and hospitals enables the nursing homes to manage this specific and complex care in their own environment.Implications for practiceThis case study shows that integrated care is possible and that both the hospital and the nursing homes benefit from such a system. Investments in people, resources, training and guidance concerning transitional care and knowledge exchange between hospitals and nursing homes, are necessary to guarantee a more efficient and robust approach to (pandemic) crises in nursing homes.
Rapid and safe removal of foreign bodies in the upper esophagus in children using an optimized Miller size 3 video laryngoscope blade
Authors: Kaufmann Jost , Grozeva Boyana , Laschat Michael , Brackhahn Michael , Rudolph Diana , Neuhaus Nikolas , Hubertus Jochen , Wappler Frank , Eich Christoph 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundForeign bodies lodged in the upper esophagus in children may result in life‐threatening complications, especially with button batteries. Rapid removal is essential to prevent complications. Experts report that extraction with a suitable laryngoscope and a forceps is feasible under general anesthesia, but no further data had been available so far.AimsTo study foreign body visualization and removal from the upper esophagus in children using a new optimized Miller size 3 blade video laryngoscope.MethodsThis prospective observational study was performed in three pediatric hospitals. The clinical observations were reported anonymously on an electronic spreadsheet after obtaining the informed consent from the parents or guardians. During the observational period from January 2019 to October 2020, all children with a foreign body lodged into the upper esophagus were eligible for participation and 22 cases were included. Main outcome measures were rates of successful removal and complications as well as duration of the procedure. Secondary outcome was subjective assessment regarding the quality of the visualization and the feasibility of the procedure.ResultsSuccess rate was 100% with no complications. Mean intervention and anesthesia times were 5 ± 4 minutes and 26 ± 25 minutes. Quality of visualization of the foreign body was judged as ‘excellent’ or ‘good’ in all cases and the feasibility of the procedure as ‘without’ or ‘with little’ effort in 95% of all cases.ConclusionThe new Miller size 3 video laryngoscope enables rapid, easy, and reliable extraction of foreign bodies when they are located in the upper part of the esophagus. As early removal of esophageal foreign bodies, especially with button batteries, prevents life‐threatening complications, we suggest this technique as the first choice of treatment.