bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relative valuation of food and non‐food risks with a comparison to actuarial values: A best–worst approach
Authors: Ajewole Kayode , Dennis Elliott , Schroeder Ted C. , Bergtold Jason 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study empiricallytests the relative importance that U.S. consumers place on immediate and long‐term food and non‐food risks. We use a best–worst survey method to elicit relative rankings and weights for each risk in terms of its perceived cost and likelihood. Immediate food risks are perceived to be more costly but less likely than long‐term food risks. Immediate non‐food risks are perceived to be both more costly and likely than long‐term non‐food risks. Overall, food risks are perceived to be less expensive than non‐food risks. The combination of perceived cost and likelihood is used to define a measure of relative risk value. Immediate food, immediate non‐food, and long‐term non‐food risks generally have greater relative risk values than long‐term food risks. On average, individuals overperceive the likelihoods, costs, and risk values of both food and non‐food risks relative to actuarial data. These results are consistent across different parametric and non‐parametric estimation methods. The results have important implications for insurance rate setting, food and non‐food risk interventions, and public health campaigns.
Risk of health status worsening in primary infertile men: A prospective 10‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Boeri Luca , Ventimiglia Eugenio , Cazzaniga Walter , Pederzoli Filippo , Fallara Giuseppe , Pozzi Edoardo , Belladelli Federico , Baudo Andrea , Frego Nicola , Capogrosso Paolo , Alfano Massimo , Montorsi Francesco , Salonia Andrea 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundA severe male infertility factor has been associated with both lower health status and increased mortality in infertile men.ObjectivesTo investigate reproductive factors associated with health status impairment in infertile men over a 10‐year time frame since the first clinical evaluation.Materials and methodsData from 899 infertile men were analysed at baseline between 2003 and 2010. Health‐significant comorbidities were scored with the Charlson Comorbidity Index. Patients were followed up yearly recording any worsening in their health status until 2019. Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals of Charlson Comorbidity Index score increase.ResultsAt a median follow‐up of 136 months (Interquartile range: 121, 156), 85 men (9.5%) depicted an increase of their baseline Charlson Comorbidity Index score of at least one point. The most frequent reason for Charlson Comorbidity Index upgrade was cancer (34%), cardiovascular diseases (29%) and diabetes mellitus (22%). Compared to patients without a Charlson Comorbidity Index increase, patients with a Charlson Comorbidity Index increase presented with higher body mass index and follicle‐stimulating hormone values, a higher rate of baseline Charlson Comorbidity Index ≥ 1 (all p < 0.01) and a greater proportion of non‐obstructive azoospermia (p < 0.001). In the Cox regression model, the patient's BMI (p < 0.001), baseline Charlson Comorbidity Index ≥ 1 (p < 0.01) and azoospermia status (p = 0.001) were found to be independently associated with Charlson Comorbidity Index increases.ConclusionsAlmost 10% of men presenting for primary infertility had a decrease of the overall health status already in the relatively short 10‐year time frame after the first presentation. Non‐obstructive azoospermic men showed the worst health status impairment and should be strictly followed‐up regardless of their fertility status.
Comparative profiling of prenatal cortisol and DHEA‐S among pregnant women with poor birth outcome and pregnant women with normal birth outcome
Authors: Sundararajan Aarthi , Vora Kranti , Saiyed Shahin , Natesan Senthilkumar 
Published: August 2021

AbstractContextCortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone‐sulfate (DHEA‐S) are indispensable hormones for normal pregnancy. It is unclear if these hormones, specifically DHEA‐S can offer value for predicting poor birth outcome.ObjectiveTo compare prenatal cortisol and DHEA‐S levels among pregnant women with normal or poor birth outcome.MethodsPlasma and saliva were collected prospectively from women in second‐third trimester of pregnancy. Women with normal birth outcome (NBO) (n = 501) included live birth, no pregnancy complications and ≥2.5 kg infant birth weight. Women with poor birth outcome included adverse birth outcome (ABO) (n = 50) or low birth weight outcome (LBW) (n = 147). Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay was performed to measure hormone concentrations in plasma and saliva.ResultsCirculatory‐DHEA‐S levels in pregnant women with ABO were higher than women with NBO (p = .043). Among ABO, only stillbirth cases demonstrated significant increase in circulatory‐DHEA‐S levels (p = .006). Circulatory and salivary cortisol/DHEA‐S ratio was lower among women with stillbirth (p = .004) and ABO outcome (p = .043) respectively compared with women with NBO. Consistently, increased odds of ABO were observed in pregnant women with highest circulatory‐DHEA‐S levels (odds ratio quartile score 1 vs. 4, 2.79, p = .027) and lowest salivary cortisol/DHEA‐S ratio (score 4 vs. 2, 2.83, p = .025). Increased odds of stillbirth outcome were observed in pregnant women with highest circulatory‐DHEA‐S levels (odds ratio quartile score 1 vs. 4, 8.47, p = .046) and lowest circulatory cortisol/DHEA‐S ratio (score 4 vs. 1, 4.803, p = .048). Associations remained significant after adjusting for confounders. Women with LBW did not demonstrate significant changes in cortisol or DHEA‐S levels.ConclusionPrenatal measurement of DHEA‐S or cortisol/DHEA‐S ratio may offer significant value for predicting adverse birth, specifically stillbirth outcome.
For whom (and for when) is the firm governed? The effect of changes in corporate fiduciary duties on tax strategies and earnings management
Authors: Cumming Douglas , Tingle QC Bryce C. , Zhan Feng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe proper object of the fiduciary duties of corporate directors and officers is frequently described as the central question in all corporate law. We use the adoption of constituency statutes, which shift the loci of corporate managers' duties from shareholders to a wide range of stakeholders, as a quasi‐natural experiment to determine the actual impact of fiduciary duties. We find that though the adoption of constituency statutes has no significant effect on measures of earnings management, it has a robust effect on firms' effective tax rate, which increases in a range between 0.570% and 1.903%. These results are robust in terms of various measures of the firm's effective tax rate. We provide explanations for why fiduciary duties apparently do not influence manager behaviours in relation to shareholders but do affect their behaviours in relation to the taxing authority. We argue that a change to fiduciary duties does not appear to alter the motivation of managers to maximize shareholder welfare outcomes, but rather it allows them to eschew short‐term strategies that often impair long‐term outcomes.
Medication overuse headache in patients with chronic migraine using cannabis: A case–referent study
Authors: Zhang Niushen , Woldeamanuel Yohannes W. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo examine whether cannabis use predicts medication overuse headache (MOH) in patients with chronic migraine (CM).MethodsElectronic chart review was conducted by combining the terms “CM,” “medication overuse,” “cannabis,” “cannabidiol,” and “tetrahydrocannabinol” for patients seen at our headache clinics from 2015 to 2019. Of 729 charts consecutively screened, 368 met our inclusion criteria, that is, adult patients with CM with ≥1‐year CM duration. The following variables were extracted from the included patient charts: MOH diagnosis, age, sex, migraine frequency, current CM duration, current cannabis use duration, overused acute migraine medications, current MOH duration, and types of cannabis products used. Logistic regression was used to identify variables predicting MOH while controlling for remaining predictors. Agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC) was conducted to explore natural clusters using all predictor variables.ResultsThere were 212 patients with CM and MOH (cases; median age 43 years, interquartile range [IQR] 33–54; 177 [83%] females) and 156 patients with CM without MOH (referents; median age 40 years, IQR 31–49; 130 [83%] females). MOH was present in 81% (122/150) of current cannabis users compared with 41% (90/218) in those without cannabis use—adjusted odds ratio 6.3 (95% CI: 3.56 to 11.1, p < 0.0001). Current cannabis use was significantly associated with opioid use (Spearman's rho 0.26, p < 0.0001). Both current cannabis use (rho 0.40, p < 0.0001) and opioid use (rho 0.36, p < 0.0001) were significantly associated with MOH. Similarly, AHC revealed two major natural clusters. Cluster I patients featured 9.3 times higher current cannabis use, 9.2 times higher current opioid use, and 1.8 times higher MOH burden than those in Cluster II (p < 0.0001).ConclusionCannabis use was significantly associated with increased prevalence of MOH in CM. Bidirectional cannabis–opioid association was observed—use of one was associated with use of the other. Advising patients with CM and MOH to reduce cannabis use may help treat MOH effectively.
“Whilst you are here…” Acceptability of providing advice about screening and early detection of other cancers as part of the breast cancer screening programme
Authors: Scott Suzanne E. , Rauf Betul , Waller Jo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis research aimed to assess women's willingness to receive advice about cervical and bowel cancer screening participation and advice on cancer symptom awareness when attending breast cancer screening.MethodsWomen (n = 322) aged 60–64 years, living in the United Kingdom, who had previously taken part in breast cancer screening were recruited via a market research panel. They completed an online survey assessing willingness to receive advice, the potential impact of advice on breast screening participation, prospective acceptability and preferences for mode and timing of advice.ResultsMost women would be willing to receive information about cervical (86%) and bowel cancer screening (90%) and early symptoms of other cancers (92%) at a breast cancer screening appointment. Those who were not up to date with cervical cancer screening were less willing. Prospective acceptability was high for all three forms of advice and was associated with willingness to receive advice. Women would prefer to receive advice through a leaflet (41%) or discussion with the mammographer (30%) either before the appointment (27%), at the appointment (44%) or with their results (22%).ConclusionsWhile there is high willingness and high acceptability towards using breast cancer screening as a teachable moment for advice about prevention and early detection of other cancers, some women find it unacceptable and this may reduce their likelihood of attending a breast screening appointment.Patient or Public ContributionThis study focused on gaining women's insights into potential future initiatives to encourage screening and early diagnosis of cancer. Members of the public were also involved in piloting the questionnaire.
Nurses’ experiences of providing care during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Taiwan: A qualitative study
Authors: Liang Hwey‐Fang , Wu Yi‐Chen , Wu Chien‐Yu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn the event of a contagious disease outbreak that reaches the level of a pandemic, the responsibility of providing care for patients increases for front‐line nurses. However, being in a nursing role exposes professionals to a range of risks, including but not limited to contagion and mental health impacts. This qualitative study aimed to explore in‐depth nurses’ experiences of providing care in the time of the COVID‐19 global pandemic. The study followed the COREQ guidelines. Purposive sampling was applied to recruit participants. Semi‐structured face‐to‐face interviews were used to collect the data from 16 nurses across five hospitals in Taiwan in 2020. Contents were analysed using Colaizzi’s seven‐step method. The essential structure that was identified was ‘Providing care cautiously and being alert to the changing environment’, which reflects the progress of Taiwanese nurses in providing care during the global COVID‐19 pandemic. The essence of the phenomenon is presented through three themes: (i) facing the emerging challenge, (ii) struggling with uncertainty, fear, stigma, and workload, and (iii) adapting to changes in the environment: learning and innovation. The findings identified multi‐dimensional impacts of nursing experiences during the COVID‐19 pandemic, and the study yielded evidence and practices that can be used to guide and support adequate interventions to support nursing professionals. By understanding the various aspects of nurses’ experiences, policymakers and administrators can better address nursing care providers’ professional and mental health needs during a pandemic.
Mode of decision making's approach in surgical procedures at Jimma Medical Center, Jimma, Ethiopia
Authors: Biyazin Tsegaw , Yetwale Aynalem , Fenta Belete 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundPerform sound decisions making while operating is crucial to the success of surgical procedures. The bewildering to choose the preferred mode of decision‐making during a surgical procedure is regularly observed. This study was aimed to assess the mode of decision‐making approach in surgical procedures among women who have undergone obstetrics and gynaecologic surgeries, Jimma, Ethiopia 2020.MethodsFacility‐based cross‐sectional study was conducted from April 1 to May 30, 2020, at Jimma Medical Center. A total of 372 surgical patients were selected using a systematic sampling method. The collected data were coded, entered into Epi data version 3.1, and analysed using SPSS version 25. Multinomial logistic regression was carried out to determine the association between the outcome variable and independent variables.ResultsThree hundred seventy‐two respondents were interviewed and give a 92% response rate. The majority of 220 (59.1%) respondents reported that they decided on the surgical procedures through themselves without external coercion, followed by a shared 94 (25.3%) and paternalism 58 (15.6%). The multinomial logistic regression analysis in model‐1 shows that patient‐healthcare provider's relationship and practice of informed consent predictors were statistically significant with shared decision making. Moreover in model‐2 patient healthcare providers' relationship, marital status, and time spent on decision variables were statistically significant with the outcome variable.ConclusionIn the study, the shared decision‐making was inadequate and not in line with recent recommendation guidelines. The paternalism mode of decision‐making was still practice. Build patient‐health care providers' relationship is vital for promoting and advance the patients' autonomy on the decision‐making approach. The healthcare providers should be motive for collaborative decision‐making with the patient.
Recombinant soluble thrombomodulin accelerates epithelial stem cell proliferation in mouse intestinal organoids and promotes the mucosal healing in colitis
Authors: Gaowa Arong , Park Eun Jeong , Kawamoto Eiji , Qin Yan , Shimaoka Motomu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground and AimEpithelial regeneration, a critical step for the mucosal healing in inflammatory bowel disease, is tightly regulated by stem cells. Therefore, identification of the specific factors that induce stem cell proliferation could contribute to the development of effective strategies for treating inflammatory bowel disease. Recombinant soluble thrombomodulin (rsTM) has previously been shown to promote cell proliferation in skin and corneal wound healing in murine models, but its effects on intestinal epithelial cell proliferation remains unclear.MethodsMouse intestinal organoids and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‐induced colitis mouse model were used to assess the effects of rsTM on proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells. The size and budding morphologies of organoids were studied by confocal microscopy. The gene expression levels were analyzed by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence analysis. The effects of rsTM on DSS‐induced colitis were investigated by evaluating body weight changes, colon length, histological score, and survival rate.ResultsThe rsTM markedly stimulated the growth of intestinal organoids, thereby increasing the surface areas and budding phenotypes of the organoids. rsTM also significantly upregulated the gene expression of intestinal stem cell‐specific and epithelial cell‐specific markers in a dose‐dependent manner. Furthermore, the treatment with high concentrations of rsTM significantly improved the recovery of body weight, histological outcomes, colon length shortening, and prolonged the survival of mice with colitis.ConclusionsThe rsTM promotes intestinal stem cell proliferation in intestinal organoids and enhances the mucosal healing during recovery phase in DSS‐induced colitis.
Exploring dietitians' practice and views of giving advice on dietary patterns to patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A qualitative study
Authors: Moutou Konstantina E. , England Clare , Gutteridge Callum , Toumpakari Zoi , McArdle Paul D. , Papadaki Angeliki 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundDietary guidelines for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) emphasise weight management and individualised total carbohydrate intake. Evidence on the most effective dietary patterns (DPs) for T2DM management is mixed, potentially leading to variations in the advice that dietitians provide. The present study aimed to explore dietitians' practice of DP advice provision to adults with T2DM, as well as understand their views when advising their patients on the DPs deemed effective for glycaemic management or recommended by current guidelines.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with 12 UK‐registered dietitians, with experience in consulting adults with T2DM. Dietitians were asked for their views on five DPs recommended for glycaemic management of T2DM. Interview transcripts were analysed using deductive and inductive thematic analysis.ResultsNine themes were identified that draw attention to DP advice provision practices, the five DPs (low‐carbohydrate, low‐fat, low‐glycaemic index, Mediterranean diet and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet), other DPs, the barriers and facilitators to DP advice provision and following this advice, and the factors affecting the provision of DP advice. Participants' current practice of DP advice provision to patients with T2DM was perceived to be individualised and patient‐centred. Participants discussed their current practice and perceptions of available evidence and how patients respond to advice on the DPs shown to be effective for glycaemic management. Several barriers to providing advice on specific DPs, including safety and compliance challenges, were identified. Participants also highlighted factors that would facilitate the provision of advice on specific DPs and would help patients to follow this advice, including social support, educational resources and more robust scientific evidence.ConclusionsThe findings of the present study provide important insights regarding dietitians' views of promoting whole DPs to patients with T2DM. Emerged barriers and facilitators should be considered when developing future guidance for dietetic practice to support patients with following whole DPs for T2DM management.
Calibration of local‐stochastic volatility models by optimal transport
Authors: Guo Ivan , Loeper Grégoire , Wang Shiyi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we study a semi‐martingale optimal transport problem and its application to the calibration of local‐stochastic volatility (LSV) models. Rather than considering the classical constraints on marginal distributions at initial and final time, we optimize our cost function given the prices of a finite number of European options. We formulate the problem as a convex optimization problem, for which we provide a PDE formulation along with its dual counterpart. Then we solve numerically the dual problem, which involves a fully non‐linear Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation. The method is tested by calibrating a Heston‐like LSV model with simulated data and foreign exchange market data.
Effect of exogenous administration of oxytocin on postpartum follicular dynamics, oestrous rate and ovulation in Nili‐Ravi buffaloes
Authors: Murtaza Saeed , Sattar Abdul , Ahmad Nasim , Jamil Ahmad Muhammad , Akhtar Saleem , Ahmad Ejaz , Ahmad Tanveer , Omer Talha 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBased on different surveys, dairy farmers are concerned about extensive use of exogenous oxytocin in buffaloes, which is being held responsible for reproductive problems including irregular oestrous cycle and delayed ovulation. For these concerns, effects of oxytocin injection on postpartum follicular dynamics, postpartum oestrous interval (PEI), oestrous length, the interval from onset of estrus to ovulation and blood progesterone (P4) were studied in Nili‐Ravi buffaloes. For this purpose, 23 animals within 1 week after calving were randomly divided into three groups: without oxytocin (CON; n = 7), 10 i.u. oxytocin (LOW; n = 8), 30 i.u. oxytocin – (HIGH; n = 8) and used to record the PEI for the study period of 154 days. At subsequent estrus, three buffaloes from each group (not served) were selected randomly to monitor two cycles for 6 weeks. Transrectal ultrasonography was performed to evaluate follicular and corpus luteum (CL) development, and blood sampling was done for progesterone (P4) analysis. These results revealed that postpartum oestrous interval (PEI) decreased significantly in oxytocin‐treated groups. The number of small, medium and total follicles on the left ovary was significantly higher in the HIGH group. However, an overall number of small and total follicles on both right and left ovaries was significantly higher in CON and HIGH groups. On the other hand, there was no difference in the number of follicles on the right ovary among all treatment groups. The same was true for the size of pre‐ovulatory follicles, CL, P4 concentrations and oestrous cycle length. The intervals from onset of estrus to ovulation and from standing estrus to ovulation were increased considerably in the HIGH group. It is concluded that exogenous oxytocin administration resulted in the shortening of PEI but triggered a delay in ovulation. Moreover, a higher dose of oxytocin could stimulate the growth of small, medium, and total follicles in postpartum Nili‐Ravi buffaloes.