bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leave it or fix it? How fixation of a small posterior malleolar fragment neutralizes rotational forces in trimalleolar fractures
Authors: Evers Julia , Fischer Maren , Raschke Michael , Riesenbeck Oliver , Milstrey Alexander , Gehweiler Dominic , Gueorguiev Boyko , Ochman Sabine 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Introduction
This study investigated the effects of a small posterior malleolar fragment (PMF), containing less than 25% articular surface area, on ankle joint stability via computed tomography (CT) scanning under full weight bearing in a human cadaveric ankle fracture model.

Materials and methods
A trimalleolar fracture with a PMF of less than 25% articular surface area was created in 6 pairs of fresh-frozen human cadaveric lower legs. The specimens were randomized into 2 groups stabilized by internal fixation including a positioning screw for syndesmotic reconstruction. In Group I the PMF was addressed by direct screw osteosynthesis, whereas in Group II the fragment was not fixed. Six predefined distances within the ankle were measured under axial loading. CT scans of each specimen were performed in intact and fixated states in neutral position, dorsiflexion and plantar-flexion of the ankle.

Results
In plantar-flexion, significant differences were detected between the groups with regard to rotational instability. Group II demonstrated a significantly increased inward rotation of the fibula compared with Group I.
No significant differences were detected between the groups for each one of the measured distances in any of the three foot positions.

Conclusions
Additional reduction and fixation of a small PMF seems to neutralize rotational forces in the ankle more effectively than a sole syndesmotic screw. Clinically, this becomes relevant in certain phases of the gait cycle. Direct screw osteosynthesis of a small PMF stabilizes the ankle more effectively than a positioning screw.
Forensic age estimation based on fast spin-echo proton density (FSE PD)–weighted MRI of the distal radial epiphysis
Authors: Ekizoglu Oguzhan , Er Ali , Bozdag Mustafa , Moghaddam Negahnaz , Grabherr Silke 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRadiation exposure is a crucial factor to consider in forensic age estimation. The various magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) modalities used in forensic age estimation avoid radiation exposure. This study examined the reliability of distal radius ossification using fast spin-echo proton density (FSE PD)–weighted MRI to estimate age. Left wrist MRI findings of 532 patients aged 10–29 years were evaluated retrospectively using the five-stage system of Dedouit et al. The intra- and interobserver reliability values were κ = 0.906 and 0.869, respectively. Based on the results, the respective minimum ages estimated for stages 4 and 5 were 13.4 and 16.1 years for females, and 15.1 and 17.3 years for males; the method could not estimate an age of 18 years in any case. FSE PD MRI analysis of the distal radius epiphysis provides supportive data and can be used when evaluating the distal radius for forensic age estimation.
Can exercise training enhance the repeated remote ischaemic preconditioning stimulus on peripheral and cerebrovascular function in high-risk individuals?
Authors: Maxwell Joseph D. , France Madeleine , Finnigan Lucy E. M. , Carter Howard H. , Thijssen Dick H. J. , Jones Helen 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundRepeated exposure to remote ischaemic preconditioning (rIPC; short bouts of non-lethal ischaemia) enhances peripheral vascular function within 1 week; whereas, longer periods of rIPC (~ 1 year) may improve cerebral perfusion. Increasing the ‘dose’ of rIPC may lead to superior effects. Given the similarities between exercise and rIPC, we examined whether adding exercise to the rIPC stimulus leads to greater adaptation in systemic vascular function.MethodsNineteen individuals with increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) were randomly allocated to either 8 weeks of rIPC (n = 9) or 8 weeks of rIPC + exercise (rIPC + Ex) (n = 10). rIPC was applied three times per week in both conditions, and exercise consisted of 50 min (70% heart rate max) of cycling 3 times per week. Peripheral endothelial function was assessed using flow-mediated dilation (FMD) before and after ischaemia–reperfusion (IR). Cerebrovascular function was assessed by dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA) and cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR), and cardio-respiratory fitness (VO2peak) using a maximal aerobic capacity test.ResultsFMD% increased by 1.6% (95% CI, 0.4, 2.8) following rIPC + Ex and by 0.3% (− 1.1, 1.5) in the only rIPC but this did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.65). Neither intervention evoked a change in dCA or in CVR (P > 0.05).VO2peakincreased by 2.8 ml/kg/min (1.7, 3.9) following the rIPC + Ex and by 0.1 ml/kg/min (− 1.0, 1.4) following the rIPC only intervention (P = 0.69).ConclusionCombining exercise with rIPC across an 8-week intervention does not lead to superior effects in cerebrovascular and peripheral vascular function compared to a repeated rIPC intervention in individuals at risk of CVD.
Molecular signatures of local adaptation to light in Norway spruce
Authors: Ranade Sonali Sachin , García-Gil María Rosario 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Main conclusion
Transcriptomic and exome capture analysis reveal an adaptive cline for shade tolerance in Norway spruce. Genes involved in the lignin pathway and immunity seem to play a potential role in contributing towards local adaptation to light.

Abstract
The study of natural variation is an efficient method to elucidate how plants adapt to local climatic conditions, a key process for the evolution of a species. Norway spruce is a shade-tolerant conifer in which the requirement of far-red light for growth increases latitudinally northwards. The objective of the study is to characterize the genetic control of local adaptation to light enriched in far-red in Norway spruce, motivated by a latitudinal gradient for the Red:Far-red (R:FR) ratio to which Norway spruce has been proven to be genetically adapted. We have established the genomic signatures of local adaptation by conducting transcriptomic (total RNA-sequencing) and genomic analyses (exome capture), for the identification of genes differentially regulated along the cline. RNA-sequencing revealed 274 differentially expressed genes in response to SHADE (low R:FR light), between the southern and northern natural populations in Sweden. Exome capture included analysis of a uniquely large data set (1654 trees) that revealed missense variations in coding regions of nine differentially expressed candidate genes, which followed a latitudinal cline in allele and genotype frequencies. These genes included five transcription factors involved in vital processes like bud-set/bud-flush, lignin pathway, and cold acclimation and other genes that take part in cell-wall remodeling, secondary cell-wall thickening, response to starvation, and immunity. Based on these results, we suggest that the northern populations might not only be able to adjust their growing season in response to low R:FR light, but they may also be better adapted towards disease resistance by up-regulation of the lignin pathway that is linked to immunity. This forms a concrete basis for local adaptation to light quality in Norway spruce, one of the most economically important conifer tree species in Sweden.
Avena fatua caryopsis dormancy release is associated with changes in KAR1 and ABA sensitivity as well as with ABA reduction in coleorhiza and radicle
Authors: Kępczyński Jan , Wójcik Agata , Dziurka Michał 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMain conclusionThe dormancy release inAvena fatua caryopses was associated with a reduction in the ABA content in embryos, coleorhiza and radicle. The coleorhiza proved more sensitive to KAR1and less sensitive to ABA than the radicle. The inability of dormant caryopses and ABA-treated non-dormant caryopses to complete germination is related to inhibition and delayed of cell-cycle activation, respectively.AbstractAs freshly harvestedAvena fatuacaryopses are dormant at 20 °C, they cannot complete germination; the radicle is not able to emerge. Both karrikin 1 (KAR1) and dry after-ripening release dormancy, enabling the emergence of, first, the coleorhiza and later the radicle. The after-ripening removes caryopse sensitivity to KAR1and decreases the sensitivity to abscisic acid (ABA). The coleorhiza was found to be more sensitive to KAR1, and less sensitive to ABA, than radicles. Effects of KAR1and after-ripening were associated with a reduction of the embryo’s ABA content during caryopsis germination. KAR1was found to decrease the ABA content in the coleorhiza and radicles. Germination of after-ripened caryopses was associated with the progress of cell-cycle activation before coleorhiza emergence. Inhibition of the germination completion due to dormancy or treating the non-dormant caryopses with ABA was associated with a total and partial inhibition of cell-cycle activation, respectively.
Impact of body mass index and socio-economic status on motor development in children and adolescents
Authors: Kakebeeke Tanja H. , Chaouch Aziz , Caflisch Jon , Knaier Elisa , Rousson Valentin , Jenni Oskar G. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study assessed the impact of body mass index (BMI) and socioeconomic status (SES) on the Zurich Neuromotor Assessment, second version (ZNA-2), a battery of tests of motor development in typically developing children between 3 and 18 years of age. BMI measurements and international socio-economic index data were taken from the normative sample of the ZNA-2 for 321 children (158 boys, 163 girls) with a median age of 9.3 years. The age- and gender-adjusted motor performance of these children was quantified and grouped into five components: fine, pure, and gross motor tasks, static balance, and contralateral associated movements. A total score was also calculated. The associations of BMI and SES with the motor scores contribute to less than 5.1% of the total variance.Conclusion: The ZNA-2 for motor development is suitable for measuring motor abilities’ development as it is largely independent of the BMI of the child and the SES of the family.

What is Known:• Typical motor development, as measured with the Zurich Neuromotor Assessment, second edition (ZNA-2), is strongly dependent on age and gender.• The ZNA-2 focusses on motor performance, motor quality and simple motor skills.

What is New:• Higher socio-economic status (SES) is associated with slightly better motor performance as measured by the ZNA-2 total score.• In the ZNA-2 less than 5.1% of the variability in motor performance is attributable to the combined effect of body mass index and SES.
Vector-borne pathogens in dogs of different regions of Iran and Pakistan
Authors: Iatta Roberta , Sazmand Alireza , Nguyen Viet-Linh , Nemati Farzad , Ayaz Muhammad Mazhar , Bahiraei Zahra , Zafari Salman , Giannico Anna , Greco Grazia , Dantas-Torres Filipe , Otranto Domenico 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCanine vector-borne diseases (CVBDs) are highly prevalent in tropical and subtropical countries, mainly due to favorable climate conditions and reduced adoption of preventive measures. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive overview on the prevalence of CVBDs in Iran and Pakistan where limited data are available. Blood samples were collected from 403 dogs from six provinces in Iran and Pakistan to assess the presence of pathogen DNA (i.e.,Anaplasmaspp.,Coxiella burnetii,Ehrlichiaspp.,Rickettsiaspp.,Babesiaspp.,Hepatozoonspp., filarioids, andLeishmaniaspp.). Sera were also screened by an immunofluorescence antibody test for the detection of antibodies againstLeishmania infantum. In total, 46.9% of dogs scored positive toHepatozoon canisbeing the most frequently detected (41.4%), followed byAnaplasma platys(6.4%),Ehrlichia canis(3.4%),Rickettsiaspp. (2.2%),Babesia vogeli(1.0%), andL. infantum(0.3%). A seroprevalence of 9.6% to anti-L. infantumIgG was also recorded. Data reported herein demonstrate that dogs from Iran and Pakistan are at a high risk of CVBDs, particularly of canine hepatozoonosis. Effective control strategies are advocated for minimizing the risk of infection in animals and humans, also in consideration of the zoonotic potential of some pathogens detected.
Fünfzig Jahre Schielbehandlung – Ein Erfahrungsbericht aus Klinik und Praxis
Authors: Stangler-Zuschrott Elfriede 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Aufbau der orthoptischen Abteilung an der historischen I. Univ.-Augenklinik Wien zwischen 1960 und 1997 und die internationalen Fortschritte werden beschrieben, jedoch auch die besonderen Behandlungsmethoden der Klinik, wie z. B. der Ausgleich des Schielwinkels mit Prismen vor Schieloperationen oder die Prismenbehandlung von kindlichem Strabismus ohne Operation. Bei Entlassung von der Klinik fühlt sich der Patient als subjektiv geheilt. Die Nachhaltigkeit der Therapie zeigt sich erst später in der augenärztlichen Praxis. Die Vielzahl von Amblyopien, konsekutiven Divergenzen, Diplopien oder Horror fusionis nach mehrfachen Schieloperationen lässt unsere Schielbehandlung als fragwürdig erscheinen. Schielen ist nur selten ein anatomisches Problem, vielmehr ein funktionelles. Ohne Fusion ist ein dauerhafter Parallelstand der Augen nicht möglich. Daher ist für die Zukunft ein geändertes Programm zu empfehlen: weniger Operationen in der Kindheit, mehr Fusionstraining mit Prismen und dem jungen Patienten mehr Zeit geben für seine Entwicklung.
Periodontitis related to cardiovascular events and mortality: a long-time longitudinal study
Authors: Bengtsson Viveca Wallin , Persson Gösta Rutger , Berglund Johan Sanmartin , Renvert Stefan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective
The present study assessed if individuals ≥ 60 years of age with periodontitis are more likely to develop stroke or ischemic heart diseases, or at a higher risk of death for 17 years.

Material and methods
At baseline individuals ≥ 60 received a dental examination including a panoramic radiograph. Periodontitis was defined as having ≥ 30% sites with ≥ 5-mm distance from the cementoenamel junction to the marginal bone level. Medical records were annually reviewed from 2001 to 2018. Findings from the medical records identifying an ICD-10 code of stroke and ischemic heart diseases or death were registered.

Results
Associations between periodontitis and incidence of ischemic heart disease were found in this 17-year follow-up study in all individuals 60–93 years (HR: 1.5, CI: 1.1–2.1, p = 0.017), in women (HR: 2.1, CI: 1.3–3.4, p = 0.002), and in individuals 78–96 years (HR: 1.7, CI: 1.0–2.6, p = 0.033). Periodontitis was associated with mortality in all individuals (HR: 1.4, CI: 1.2–1.8, p = 0.002), specifically in men (HR: 1.5, CI: 1.1–1.9, p = 0.006) or in ages 60–72 years (HR: 2.2, CI: 1.5–3.2, p = 0.000). Periodontitis was more prevalent among men (OR: 1.8, CI: 1.3–2.4, p = 0.000).

Conclusions
Individuals with periodontitis have an increased risk for future events of ischemic heart diseases and death.

Clinical relevance
Improving periodontal health in older individuals may reduce overall mortality and ischemic heart diseases. Both dental and medical professionals should be aware of the associations and ultimately cooperate.
Fatigue behaviour of dental crowns made from a novel high-performance polymer PEKK
Authors: Katzenbach Anne , Dörsam Istabrak , Stark Helmut , Bourauel Christoph , Keilig Ludger 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was, firstly, to analyse the long-time fatigue behaviour of crowns constructed from a novel polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) polymer, using artificial prepared teeth. Secondly, to determine the effect of the material’s stiffness that used as an artificial prepared tooth on the fatigue life of the PEKK crowns in comparison to human prepared teeth.MethodsVeneered crowns with a PEKK framework were constructed on three different prepared teeth: artificial polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) teeth, artificial CoCr teeth and extracted human teeth. As far as applicable, the loading protocol was based on EN ISO 14801:2007 for fatigue testing of dental implants. After initial static fracture tests on three specimens from each group, the remaining crowns were loaded with different force levels until fracture or until 2 × 106loading cycles were reached. The number of loading cycles until failure was recorded. Wöhler curves were created to display the fatigue limits.ResultsStatic fracture limits as well as fatigue limits differed for all three core materials. The static fracture tests resulted in fracture limits of 1200 (± 293) N for the PMMA group, 1330 (± 219) N for the CoCr group and 899 (± 96) N for the human tooth group. Fatigue limits of 770 N, 840 N and 720 N were determined for the PMMA group, CoCr group and human tooth group, respectively.ConclusionsThe determined fatigue limit of above 720 N (depending on the core material) is sufficiently high and a good performance of this crown material is expected in the clinical loading life. The results showed that using artificial teeth instead of natural teeth for fatigue testing of crowns might result in an overestimation of the fatigue limits of the crown material.Clinical relevancePEKK-made crowns offer a stable and priceworthy treatment for patients, in particular those that suffer from metal allergy.
On the Impact of Fluid Structure Interaction in Blood Flow Simulations
Authors: Failer Lukas , Minakowski Piotr , Richter Thomas 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe study the impact of using fluid-structure interactions (FSI) to simulate blood flow in a stenosed artery. We compare typical flow configurations using Navier–Stokes in a rigid geometry setting to a fully coupled FSI model. The relevance of vascular elasticity is investigated with respect to several questions of clinical importance. Namely, we study the effect of using FSI on the wall shear stress distribution, on the Fractional Flow Reserve and on the damping effect of a stenosis on the pressure amplitude during the pulsatile cycle. The coupled problem is described in a monolithic variational formulation based on Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) coordinates. For comparison, we perform pure Navier–Stokes simulations on a pre-stressed geometry to give a good matching of both configurations. A series of numerical simulations that cover important hemodynamical factors are presented and discussed.
Bodily emotional expressions are a primary source of information for dogs, but not for humans
Authors: Correia-Caeiro Catia , Guo Kun , Mills Daniel 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDogs have remarkable abilities to synergise their behaviour with that of people, but how dogs read facial and bodily emotional cues in comparison to humans remains unclear. Both species share the same ecological niche, are highly social and expressive, making them an ideal comparative model for intra- and inter-species emotion perception. We compared eye-tracking data from unrestrained humans and dogs when viewing dynamic and naturalistic emotional expressions in humans and dogs. Dogs attended more to the body than the head of human and dog figures, unlike humans who focused more on the head of both species. Dogs and humans also showed a clear age effect that reduced head gaze. Our results indicate a species-specific evolutionary adaptation for emotion perception, which is only partly modified for heterospecific cues. These results have important implications for managing the risk associated with human–dog interactions, where expressive and perceptual differences are crucial.
Foramen magnum meningiomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Paun Luca , Gondar Renato , Borrelli Paola , Meling Torstein R. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractForamen magnum meningiomas (FMMs) account for 1.8–3.2% of all meningiomas. With this systematic review and meta-analysis, our goal is to detail epidemiology, clinical features, surgical aspects, and outcomes of this rare pathology. Using PRISMA 2015 guidelines, we reviewed case series, mixed series, or retrospective observational cohorts with description of surgical technique, patient and lesion characteristics, and pre- and postoperative clinical status. A meta-analysis was performed to search for correlations between meningioma characteristics and rate of gross total resection (GTR). We considered 33 retrospective studies or case series, including 1053 patients, mostly females (53.8%), with a mean age of 52 years. The mean follow-up was of 51 months (range 0–258 months). 65.6% of meningiomas were anterior, and the mean diameter was of 29 mm, treated with different surgical approaches. Postoperatively, 17.2% suffered complications (both surgery- and non-surgery-related) and 2.5% had a recurrence. The Karnofsky performance score improved in average after surgical treatment (75 vs. 81, p < 0.001). Our meta-analysis shows significant rates of GTR in cohorts with a majority of posterior and laterally located FMM (p = 0.025) and with a mean tumor less than 25 mm (p < 0.05). FMM is a rare and challenging pathology whose treatment should be multidisciplinary, focusing on quality of life. Surgery still remains the gold standard and aim at maximal resection with neurological function preservation. Adjuvant therapies are needed in case of subtotal removal, non-grade I lesions, or recurrence. Specific risk factors for recurrence, other than Simpson grading, need further research.
Serum albumin concentrations are associated with disease severity and outcomes in coronavirus 19 disease (COVID-19): a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Paliogiannis Panagiotis , Mangoni Arduino Aleksander , Cangemi Michela , Fois Alessandro Giuseppe , Carru Ciriaco , Zinellu Angelo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an infectious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is responsible for the most threatening pandemic in modern history. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the associations between serum albumin concentrations and COVID-19 disease severity and adverse outcomes. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, from inception to October 30, 2020. Sixty-seven studies in 19,760 COVID-19 patients (6141 with severe disease or poor outcome) were selected for analysis. Pooled results showed that serum albumin concentrations were significantly lower in patients with severe disease or poor outcome (standard mean difference, SMD: − 0.99 g/L; 95% CI, − 1.11 to − 0.88,p < 0.001). In multivariate meta-regression analysis, age (t =  − 2.13,p = 0.043), publication geographic area (t = 2.16,p = 0.040), white blood cell count (t =  − 2.77,p = 0.008) and C-reactive protein (t =  − 2.43,p = 0.019) were significant contributors of between-study variance. Therefore, lower serum albumin concentrations are significantly associated with disease severity and adverse outcomes in COVID-19 patients. The assessment of serum albumin concentrations might assist with early risk stratification and selection of appropriate care pathways in this group.