bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sugar Sweetened Beverages Attributable Disease Burden and the Potential Impact of Policy Interventions: A Systematic Review of Epidemiological and Decision Models
Authors: Alcaraz Andrea , Pichon-Riviere Andres , Palacios Alfredo , Bardach Ariel , Balan Dario , Perelli Lucas , Augustovski Federico , Ciapponi Agustín 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background Around 184 000 deaths per year could be attributable to sugar sweetened beverages (SSBs) consumption worldwide. Epidemiological and decision models are important tools to estimate disease burden. The purpose of this study was to identify models to assess the burden of diseases attributable to SSBs consumption or the potential impact of health interventions.Methods We carried out a systematic review and literature search up to August 2018. Pairs of reviewers independently selected, extracted, and assessed the quality of the included studies through an exhaustive description of each model features. Discrepancies were solved by consensus. The inclusion criteria were epidemiological or decision models evaluating SSBs health interventions or policies, and descriptive SSBs studies of decision models. We excluded studies published before 2003, cost of illness studies and economic evaluations based on individual patient data.Results We identified a total of 2766 references. Out of the 40 included studies, 45% were models specifically developed to address SSBs, 82.5% were conducted in high income countries and 57.5% considered a health system perspective. The most common model’s outcomes were obesity/overweight (82.5%), diabetes (72.5%), cardiovascular disease (60%), mortality (52.5%), direct medical costs (57.35%), and healthy years -DALYs/QALYs- (40%) attributable to SSBs. 67.5% of the studies modelled the effect of SSBs on the outcomes either wholly through BMI or through BMI plus diabetes independently. Models were usually populated with inputs from national surveys -like obesity prevalence, SSBs consumption-; and vital statistics (67.5%). Only 55% reported results by gender and 40% included children; 30% presented results by income level, and 25% in selected vulnerable groups. Most of the models evaluated at least one policy intervention to reduce SSBs consumption (92.5%), being taxes the most frequent (75%).Conclusions There is a wide range modelling approaches with different complexity and information requirements to evaluate the burden of disease attributable to SSB. The majority consider the impact on obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease, mortality, and economic impact. Incorporating these tools to different countries could generate useful information for decision makers and the general population to promote the deeper implementation of policies to diminish SSB consumption.
Analysis of the Ex-vivo transformation of Semen, Saliva and Urine as they dry out using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and chemometric Approach
Authors: Das Tanurup , Harshey Abhimanyu , Srivast Ankit , Nigam Kriti , Yadav Vijay , Sharma Kapil , Sharma Arun 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The ex-vivo biochemical changes of different body fluids are potential marker for the estimation of TSD. Infrared spectroscopy has great potential to reveal the biochemical changes in these fluids as previously reported by several researchers. Present study is focused to analyze the spectral changes in the ATR-FTIR spectra of three body fluids, commonly encountered in violent crimes i.e., Semen, Saliva and Urine as they dry out. The whole analytical timeline is divided into relatively slow phase I due to major contribution of water and faster Phase II due significant evaporation of water. Two spectral regions i.e., 3200-3400 cm-1 and 1600-1000 cm-1 are the major contributor to the spectra of these fluids. Several peaks in the spectral region between 1600-1000 cm-1 showed highly significant regression equation with higher coefficient of determination values in the Phase II in contrary to the slow passing Phase I. Principal component and Partial Least Square Regression analysis are the two chemometric tool used to estimate the TSD of the aforesaid fluids as they dry out. This study potentially estimates the TSD of an offence at the early stages after is occurrence as well as work as the precursor for further studies on extended timeframe.
Possible Involvement Of L-Arginine-Nitric Oxide Pathway In The Antidepressant Activity Of Auraptene In Mice
Authors: Amini-khoei Hossein , Boroujeni Shakiba Nasiri , Maghsoudi Forough , Bijad Elham , Moradi Mohammadtaghi , Lorigooini Zahra 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Depression is one of the most common mental illnesses around the world. Nitric oxide (NO) is involved in the pathophysiology of depression. Auraptene (a coumarin derivative) has been shown to have pharmacological effects on neurological diseases. porpuse: The present study aimed to investigate the possible role of NO pathway in Auraptene antidepressant effects in male mice.Methods: Behavioral tests were used to assess depression-like behaviors. The mice received Auraptene at 10, 30 and 100 mg/kg, the combination of the sub-effective dose of Auraptene (10 mg/kg) and L-NAME, and the combination of the effective dose of Auraptene (30 mg/kg) and L-arginine. Finally, brain and serum MDA level and antioxidant capacity, as well as hippocampus and serum NO level was measured.Results: Auraptene (30 mg/kg) improved depression-like behaviors. Auraptene (30 mg/kg) also significantly reduced serum NO levels (P<0.05) and significantly increased serum MDA (10 mg/kg, P<0.05). Auraptene at 30 mg/kg also increased serum antioxidant capacity (P<0.01). Co-administration of L-NAME and the sub-effective dose of Auraptene enhanced the effects of Auraptene. However, co-administration of the effective dose of Auraptene and L-arginine reduced the effects of Auraptene.Conclusion: The results showed that Auraptene causes antidepressant effects in a dose-dependent manner and acts as a prooxidant at 100 mg/kg and exacerbates oxidative stress. The antidepressant effects of this active molecule are exerted by reducing the NO level in the hippocampus and serum, increasing the antioxidant capacity and reducing the MDA level in the serum.
PIK3R1 Promotes Lung Cancer Proliferation Through Activating PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathways
Authors: Chen Yuewei , Du Qiurong , He Yujuan , Wen Chengcai , Hu Hai-Bo , Wang Wei , Cheng Hongyun 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Lung cancer is a common malignant neoplasm worldwide. Phosphoinositide-3-kinase, regulatory subunit 1 (PIK3R1) plays as a therapeutic target in many cancers. The role PIK3R1 plays in lung cancer still remains unclear. Our study aims to explore the role of PIK3R1 in lung cancer.Methods: We used quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) to detect the PIK3R1 mRNA expression level in our 20 paired lung cancer patients. We then used A549sh-PIK3R1, H1299sh-PIK3R1, H1650LV-PIK3R1, H292LV-PIK3R1, A549sh-PIK3R1+LV-PIK3R1 and H1299sh-PIK3R1+LV-PIK3R1 cells for in vitro analysis. Cell viability assay was used to detect the ability of PIK3R1 in regulating proliferation of lung cancer. Western blot analysis was used to detect the PIK3R1 protein expression level and proteins in PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.Results: PIK3R1 mRNA expression level was higher in tumour tissues than the corresponding adjacent noncancerous among the 20 lung cancer patients. Increased PIK3R1 promoted lung cancer proliferation and downregulated PIK3R1 inhibited lung cancer proliferation. Furthermore, PIK3R1 downregulation suppressed p-PI3K, p-Akt, and p-mTOR in A549sh-PIK3R1 and H1299sh-PIK3R1 cells. Overexpressed of PIK3R1 upregulated p-PI3K, p-Akt, and p-mTOR in H1650LV-PIK3R1 and H292LV-PIK3R1 cells. Cell viability was increased in both A549 and H1299 cells following sh-PIK3R1+LV-PIK3R1 co-transfection, thus reversed the effect of sh-PIK3R1 on cell proliferation.Conclusions: We identified that overexpressed of PIK3R1 could promote lung cancer proliferation via PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, thus may provide PIK3R1 as a therapeutic target for effective strategy in lung cancer.
C3 Glomerulonephritis With Chronic Urinary Tract Infection: a Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Xu Chao , Ma Hong-Zhen , Ye Li-Qing , Xia Cong , Xia Hong , Fan Jun-Fen 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: C3 glomerulonephritis(C3GN) is one type of C3 nephropathy(C3G) which is a rare glomerular disease associated with abnormal regulation of the alternative complement pathway. This review reports a rare case of C3GN with repeated urinary tract infection and summarizes the clinical features, differential diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of patients with C3GN. Case Presentation: A 44-years-old woman was pathologially diagnosed as C3GN. We were confused with her recently upper respiratory tract infection and repeated urinary tract infection before the diagnosis is confirmed. We conducted gene testing and found C3 and CD46 gene mutations, which were related to C3G and atypical thermochemical syndrome in previous reports. After antibiotic treatment, the level of complement C3 was higher than before. We strongly suspect that the urinary tract infection are related to C3 glomerulonephritis.Conclusion: Clinical diagnosis of C3GN is difficult to make due to there are many differential diagnosis, especially post infection nephritis. This case emphasizes the importance of renal biopsy in the diagnosis of C3GN, but the relationship between gram-negative bacilli and C3GN is still unclear. In addition, gene mutation is also involved in the pathogenesis of C3GN, and the treatment of C3GN still needs to be explored.
Impacts and Burden of Niemann Pick Type-C: A Patient and Caregiver Perspective
Authors: Mengel Eugen , Patterson Marc C , Chladek Michael , Guldberg Christina , íDali Christine , Symonds Tara , Lloyd-Price Lucy , Mathieson Toni , Crowe Joslyn , Burbridge Claire 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC) is a debilitating condition that impacts patients’ and caregivers’ quality of life (QOL) and reduces the patient’s life expectancy. Since there is little qualitative research from the perspective of patients and family caregivers, this study explored the impact of NPC on patients’ and caregivers’ daily lives to understand the burden of disease.Results A survey of caregivers for patients with NPC and adult patients with NPC (n = 49; patient age: 13 months – 65 years) assessed NPC severity, importance of NPC symptoms, and how symptoms impacted patients’ and caregivers’ activities of daily living (ADLs) and health-related QOL (HRQOL). Follow-up interviews with a subset of survey participants (n = 28) explored the ranking of NPC symptom importance and impact on ADLs and HRQOL.Findings indicated that the most important manifestations of NPC were ambulation, swallowing, speech, fine motor skills, and cognition, which were those that had the most significant impact on ADLs and HRQOL. A wide range of ADLs were affected by NPC, mainly eating/drinking and ability to perform daily tasks, including self-care, communicating, participating in school or work, and moving indoors as well as outside the home. Along with these impacts, there was an increased risk of experiencing dangerous or life-threatening situations leading to loss of patient independence and additional caregiver burden, often requiring changes in lifestyle such as giving up work. All aspects of patients’ and caregivers’ HRQOL were affected. Participants reported feelings of social isolation, loss of enjoyment in activities (patients), and feelings of sadness or worry (caregivers).ConclusionsAmbulation, swallowing, speech, fine motor skills, and cognition are important manifestations of NPC. ADLs and HRQOL were impaired in the majority of patients as well as their caregivers. The findings were independent of current age, age of onset of symptoms, and level of NPC disease-related disability; however, the impact increased at higher levels of disease disability. Knowing the impact of NPC on patients and caregivers is important for understanding the lived experience of NPC and for identifying potential areas of support.Trial registrationNCT02612129. Registered 23 November 2015, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02612129
Predicting Peatland Net Ecosystem Exchange of CO2 during the Non-Growing Season using Machine Learning
Authors: Rafat Arash , Rezanezhad Fereidoun , Quinton William L. , Humphreys Elyn R. , Webster Kara , Cappellen Philippe Van 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The world’s cold regions are experiencing some of the fastest warming, especially during the winter and shoulder seasons. Recent studies have highlighted the significance of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions during the non-growing season (NGS) to the annual carbon budgets of northern peatlands. Because of the positive feedback of soil microbial respiration to warming, a warmer NGS may be expected to alter the carbon balance of peatlands, which are estimated to store about one-third of global terrestrial organic carbon stocks. However, estimates of NGS net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) remain highly uncertain. In this study, we determine key environmental variables affecting the NGS-NEE from a temperate peatland (Mer Bleue Bog; Ottawa, Canada) and predict future NGS-NEE under three climate scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5) using a variable selection methodology, global sensitivity analysis, and data-driven model. The model successfully reproduces the observed NGS-NEE fluxes using only 7 variables, with NGS-NEE being most sensitive to changes in net radiation. Our projections estimate that mean NEE during the NGS could increase by up to 103% by the end of the 21st century; thus, reinforcing the urgent need for a comprehensive understanding of peatlands as evolving sources of atmospheric CO2 in a warming world.
Formation and Comparative Analysis of Full-Length Transcriptome Sequencing and Next Generation Sequencing In Medicago Sativa L. Roots Under Abiotic Stress
Authors: Fang Zhi-hong , Shi Yonghong , Wu Xin-ming , Ren Bin-lin , Zhang Yan , Guo Pu , Chi Hui-wu , Liu Jian-ning , Wang Yun-qi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Medicago sativa L. (M. sativa L.) is a legume with high salt tolerance and a major forage crop with high biomass production. However, the large-scale full-length cDNA sequences of M. sativa L. in response to abiotic stress remain unclear. Results: We provided the complete transcriptome for M. sativa L. roots under different abiotic stressors using a combination of single-molecule real-time sequencing and next generation sequencing. Our results indicated that there were 21.53 Gb clean reads, which consisted of 566,076 insert reads and 409,291 full-length non-chimeric reads. We obtained 194,286 consistent transcripts based on a cluster analysis of full-length reads, and 41,248 high quality transcript sequences based on non-full-length reads. After correction using second-generation data for third-generation low-quality data, we obtained 81,017 transcript sequences according to a cogent analysis. The sequence structural analysis acquired 33,058 simple sequence repeats and 42,725 complete coding sequence regions. In addition, 77,221 transcripts were annotated by eight functional databases; 3,043 lncRNAs were predicted and 4,971 alternative splicings were acquired. Moreover, we confirmed the levels of highly differentially expressed transcripts (ADH1, PEPC, MJG19.6, PCKA and GAPC1) in M. sativa L. roots under NaCl and polyethylene glycol stress. Conclusions: Therefore, we fully and massively exposed the full-length transcripts related to abiotic stress in M. sativa L., which will lay the foundation for understanding gene regulation in M. sativa L. under abiotic stress.
Professional Identity of Chinese Medical Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Yang Xingjie , Gao Lan , Zhang Suoyuan , Zhang Libin , Zhang Ligang , Qi Meng , Chen Jingxu 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Although professional identity is a strong predictor of career choice, only a few studies report on career attitudes of medical students during a public health emergency. This study investigates the changes in medical students’ professional identity and career attitude during the COVID-19 pandemic, evaluates their mental health and social support system under stress, and explores the relationship between their career attitude and other factors. Method: An online survey of 6226 Chinese medical students was conducted to collect information on demographics, professional identity, and career attitudes. The collected data were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, and the Social Support Rating Scale. Results: The results revealed that most participants had their professional identity strengthened, did not change their career attitude, and preferred to participate in the frontline during the COVID-19 pandemic. Low social support, depressive symptoms, male gender, and senior year residency were factors that affected career attitude negatively. Conclusions: After the outbreak of the pandemic, it was necessary to carry out diversified professional identity research to support medical students, especially those with low social support and depressive symptoms.
Career Choice and Influential Factors Among Medical Students Majoring in Psychiatry in China
Authors: Zhang Ying-Jian , Kai Yuan , Chang Su-hua , Yan Wei , Que Jian-Yu , Deng Jia-Hui , Gong Yi-Miao , Luo Jia-Ming , Yang Shi-Chang , An Cui-Xia , Kang Yi-Min , Xu Hua-Shan , Wang Yi-Ming , Zhang Li-Fang , Zhang Wen-Fang , Song Yin-Li , Xu Dong-Wu , Liu Huan-Zhong , Wang Wen-Qiang , Liu Chuan-Xin , Yang Wen-Qiong , Zhou Liang , Zhao Jiu-Bo , Yu Miao-Yu , Chen Jun-Yu , Tang Hong , Peng Juan , Zhang Xiu-Jun , Xu Yong , Zhang Ning , Kuang Li , Li Zhan-Jiang , Wang Yu-Hua , Shi Jie , Ran Mao-Sheng , Bao Yan-Ping , Shi Le , Lu Lin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe undergraduate program of psychiatry has been widely established in recent years to improve the education and recruitment of psychiatrists in China. We aim to investigate the career choice of medical students majoring in psychiatry in China and the influential factors.MethodThis multicenter study was conducted in 26 medical schools in China that offered undergraduate education in psychiatry in 2019. Participants included 4610 medical students majoring in psychiatry and 3857 medical students majoring in clinical medicine. Multivariable logistic regression was used to investigate the influential factors of students’ choices of psychiatry at matriculation and as a career.Results44.08% of psychiatry majored students gave psychiatry as a first choice at matriculation, and 56.67% of them would choose psychiatry as a career, which was in sharp contrast to the proportion of clinical medicine majored students who would choose psychiatry as a career (0.69%). Personal interest (59.61%), suggestions from family members (27.96%), and experiencing mental problems (23.19%) were main reasons for choosing psychiatry major at matriculation. Personal interest (odds ratio [OR] = 2.12, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.87-2.40), experiencing a psychiatry clerkship (OR = 1.99, 95% CI = 1.28-3.08), being female (OR = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.30-1.68), experiencing mental problems (OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.28-1.56), and suggestions from family members (OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.08-1.46) correlated positively with students’ choice of psychiatry as career. Students who lacked psychiatry knowledge (OR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.29-0.85) or chose psychiatry because of lower admission scores (OR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.63-0.97) were less likely to choose psychiatry as a career.ConclusionMore than half of psychiatry majored medical school students planned to choose psychiatry as their career, whereas very few students in the clinic medicine major would make this choice. Increasing students’ interest in psychiatry, strengthening psychiatry clerkships, and popularizing psychiatric knowledge are modifiable factors to increase the psychiatry career intention. The extent to which medical students’ attitudes toward psychiatry can be changed through medical school education and greater exposure to psychiatry will need further investigation.
Systematic THz Study of the Substrate Effect in Limiting the Mobility of Graphene
Authors: Scarfe Samantha , Cui Wei , Luican-Mayer Adina , Ménard Jean-Michel 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We explore the substrate-dependent charge carrier dynamics of large area graphene films using contact-free non-invasive terahertz spectroscopy. The graphene samples are deposited on seven distinct substrates relevant to semiconductor technologies and flexible/photodetection devices. Using a Drude model for Dirac fermions in graphene and a fitting method based on statistical signal analysis, we extract transport properties such as the charge carrier density and carrier mobility. We find that graphene films supported by substrates with minimal charged impurities exhibit an enhanced carrier mobility, while substrates with a high surface roughness generally lead to a lower transport performance. The smallest amount of doping is observed for graphene placed on the polymer Zeonor, which also has the highest carrier mobility. This work provides valuable guidance in choosing an optimal substrate for graphene to enable applications where high mobility is required.
Increased whiB7 Expression and Antibiotic Resistance in Mycobacterium Chelonae Carrying Two Prophages
Authors: Cushman Jaycee , Freeman Emma , McCallister Sarah , Schumann Anna , Hutchison Keith , Molloy Sally 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: The global increase in the incidence of non-tuberculosis mycobacterial infections is of increasing concern due their high levels of intrinsic antibiotic resistance. Although integrated viral genomes, called prophage, are linked to increased antibiotic resistance in some bacterial species, we know little of their role in mycobacterial drug resistance. Results: We present here for the first time evidence of increased antibiotic resistance and expression of intrinsic antibiotic resistance genes in a strain of Mycobacterium chelonae carrying prophage. Strains carrying the prophage McProf demonstrated increased resistance to amikacin. Resistance in these strains was further enhanced by exposure to sub-inhibitory concentrations of the antibiotic, acivicin, or by the presence of a second prophage, BPs. Increased expression of the virulence gene, whiB7, was observed in strains carrying both prophage, BPs and McProf, relative to strains carrying a single prophage or no prophages. Conclusions: This study provides evidence that prophage alter expression of important mycobacterial intrinsic antibiotic resistance genes and additionally offers insight into the role prophage may play in mycobacterial adaptation to stress.