bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Renoprotective Effect of Formononetin against Cyclophosphamide-Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Rat Kidney
Authors: Aladaileh Saleem H. , Al-Swailmi Farhan K. , Abukhalil Mohammad H. , Shalayel Mohammed H. 
Published: February 2021

Aims: Cyclophosphamide (CP) is a broad-spectrum chemotherapy agent available to treat various malignancies; however, its nephrotoxicity limits its clinical use. Formononetin (FOR) is a bioactive isoflavone with encouraging biological activities. The current study explored and elucidated the possible protective/therapeutic effects of formononetin against CP-induced nephrotoxicity.
Methodology: Rats received FOR (40 mg/kg/day) for 15 days followed by a single injection of CP on day 16. CP-induced nephrotoxicity is characterized by an increase in urea and creatinine levels in serum. Kidney homogenate was used to assess MDA, NO and antioxidants.
Results: CP-administered rats showed increased renal malondialdehyde and nitric oxide along with declined glutathione and antioxidant enzymes. In addition, CP increased pro-inflammatory cytokines and pro-apoptotic proteins levels and decreased anti-apoptotic protein Bcl2 levels in the kidney. FOR prevented CP-induced kidney injury, enhanced antioxidants and suppressed oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory mediators and apoptosis.
Conclusion: These findings suggest that FOR prevents CP nephrotoxicity by attenuating the oxidative damage and inflammation. Therefore, our data suggest that FOR may represent a novel protective strategy against CP-induced nephrotoxicity, which deserves pursuit in further studies.
Switching the substrate specificity of lysoplasmalogen‐specific phospholipase D
Authors: Oyama Takayuki , Murayama Kazutaka , Sugimori Daisuke 
Published: February 2021

Lysoplasmalogen‐specific phospholipase D (LyPls‐PLD) catalyzes reactions in a manner similar to those catalyzed by glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase (GDPD) and other well‐known PLDs. Although these enzymes hydrolyze the glycerophosphodiester bond, their substrate specificities are completely different. Previously, we reported that LyPls‐PLD from Thermocrispum sp. RD004668 shows only 53% activity with 1‐hexadecyl‐2‐hydroxy‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine (LysoPAF) relative to the 100% activity it shows with choline lysoplasmalogen (LyPlsCho). Lipoprotein‐associated phospholipase A2 (Lp‐PLA2) activity can be used to evaluate for cardiovascular disease. Hence, development of a point‐of‐care testing kit requires a LysoPAF‐specific PLD (LysoPAF‐PLD) to measure Lp‐PLA2 activity. Rational site‐directed mutagenesis and kinetic analysis were applied to generate LysoPAF‐PLD from LyPls‐PLD and to clarify the mechanisms underlying the substrate‐recognition ability of LyPls‐PLD. Our results suggest that LyPls‐PLD variants A47, M71, N173, F211, and W282 are possibly involved in substrate recognition and that F211L may substantially alter substrate preference. Moreover, the specific activity ratio LysoPAF/LyPlsCho corresponding to F211L was up to 25‐fold higher than that corresponding to the wild‐type enzyme. Thus, we succeeded in switching from LyPlsCho‐ to LysoPAF‐PLD. These results suggest that the F211L variant may be utilized to measure Lp‐PLA2 activity. Kinetic analyses demonstrated that product release was the rate‐limiting step of the reaction, with flexibility of the sn‐1 ether‐linked vinyl/alkyl chain of the substrate being essential for substrate binding and product release. Our findings may lead to a better understanding of the differences between homologous enzymes (such as PLD, sphingomyelinase D, and GDPD of the phosphatidylinositol‐phosphodiesterase superfamily) in relation to substrate recognition.Enzyme

EC 3.1.4.2 (currently assigned).
Investigating volumetric repainting to mitigate interplay effect on 4D robustly optimized lung cancer plans in pencil beam scanning proton therapy
Authors: Rana Suresh , Rosenfeld Anatoly B. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPurposeThe interplay effect between dynamic pencil proton beams and motion of the lung tumor presents a challenge in treating lung cancer patients in pencil beam scanning (PBS) proton therapy. The main purpose of the current study was to investigate the interplay effect on the volumetric repainting lung plans with beam delivery in alternating order (“down” and “up” directions), and explore the number of volumetric repaintings needed to achieve acceptable lung cancer PBS proton plan.MethodThe current retrospective study included ten lung cancer patients. The total dose prescription to the clinical target volume (CTV) was 70 Gy(RBE) with a fractional dose of 2 Gy(RBE). All treatment plans were robustly optimized on all ten phases in the 4DCT data set. The Monte Carlo algorithm was used for the 4D robust optimization, as well as for the final dose calculation. The interplay effect was evaluated for both the nominal (i.e., without repainting) as well as volumetric repainting plans. The interplay evaluation was carried out for each of the ten different phases as the starting phases. Several dosimetric metrics were included to evaluate the worst‐case scenario (WCS) and bandwidth based on the results obtained from treatment delivery starting in ten different breathing phases.ResultsThe number of repaintings needed to meet the criteria 1 (CR1) of target coverage (D95% ≥ 98% and D99% ≥ 97%) ranged from 2 to 10. The number of repaintings needed to meet the CR1 of maximum dose (ΔD1% < 1.5%) ranged from 2 to 7. Similarly, the number of repaintings needed to meet CR1 of homogeneity index (ΔHI < 0.03) ranged from 3 to 10. For the target coverage region, the number of repaintings needed to meet CR1 of bandwidth (<100 cGy) ranged from 3 to 10, whereas for the high‐dose region, the number of repaintings needed to meet CR1 of bandwidth (<100 cGy) ranged from 1 to 7. Based on the overall plan evaluation criteria proposed in the current study, acceptable plans were achieved for nine patients, whereas one patient had acceptable plan with a minor deviation.ConclusionThe number of repaintings required to mitigate the interplay effect in PBS lung cancer (tumor motion < 15 mm) was found to be highly patient dependent. For the volumetric repainting with an alternating order, a patient‐specific interplay evaluation strategy must be adopted. Determining the optimal number of repaintings based on the bandwidth and WCS approach could mitigate the interplay effect in PBS lung cancer treatment.
Structure‐Induced Stability in Sinuous Black Silicon for Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Performance
Authors: Patrick Margaret , Yang Fan , Vakki Waltteri , Aguiar Jeffery A. , Gu Jing 
Published: February 2021

AbstractClean energy infrastructures of the future depend on efficient, low‐cost, long‐lasting systems for the conversion and storage of solar energy. This is currently limited by the durability and economic viability of today's solar energy systems. These limitations arise from a variety of technical challenges; primarily, a need remains for the development of stable solar absorber–catalyst interfaces and improved understanding of their mechanisms. Although thin film oxides formed via atomic layer deposition have been widely employed between the solar absorber–catalyst interfaces to improve the stability of photoelectrochemical devices, few stabilization strategies have focused on improving the intrinsic durability of the semiconductor. Here, a sinuous black silicon photocathode (s‐bSi) with intrinsically improved stability owing to the twisted nanostructure is demonstrated. Unlike columnar black silicon with rapidly decaying photocurrent density, s‐bSi shows profound stability in strong acid, neutral, and harsh alkaline conditions during a 24‐h electrolysis. Furthermore, scanning transmission electron microscopy studies prior to and post electrolysis demonstrate limited silicon oxide growth inside the walls of s‐bSi. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first time structure‐induced stability has been reported for enhancing the stability of a photoelectrode/catalyst interface for solar energy conversion.
Crossover Effects in Batteries with High‐Nickel Cathodes and Lithium‐Metal Anodes
Authors: Langdon Jayse , Manthiram Arumugam 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIt is well understood that cathode‐to‐anode crossover, especially of transition‐metal ions, can significantly impact the long‐term cycling of lithium‐ion batteries. The dissolved transition‐metal ions in lithium‐ion cells deposit on the graphite anode, disrupt the solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI), and catalyze further side reactions. Meanwhile, crossover effects in lithium‐metal batteries have rarely been studied. This study is the first to investigate crossover effects in lithium‐metal batteries with high‐nickel layered‐oxide cathodes. It is shown that the crossover of transition‐metal ions from LiNi0.9Mn0.05Co0.05O2 has minimal effect on the lithium‐metal anode (LMA) due to the following reasons. The catalytic transition metals 1) have less effect on an inherently reactive LMA, 2) are diluted in a thicker SEI, and 3) are produced in overall lower quantity due to the limited cycle life of the LMA. Conversely, the LMA generates soluble decomposition products that cross over to the cathode even during early cycling. This crossover accelerates impedance growth and capacity fade at the cathode and is partially responsible for the mismatch between the performance of half and full‐cells with layered‐oxide cathodes. This study highlights the need for better battery design with LMA, potentially including electrolyte or cell modifications.
Iron‐Promoted Radical Cyclization of β, γ‐Unsaturated Oximes: Dual Role of Iron(III) Nitrate as a Promoter and Nitrooxy Source
Authors: Yu Wei , Wang Pei‐Long , Xu Ke , Li Hongji 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA method for the radical cyclization of β,γ‐unsaturated oximes to access the isoxazoline backbone has been developed, in which iron(III) nitrate plays a dual role as a promoter and a nitrooxy source. Iron‐promoted cyclization is well tolerated with a series of aryl‐ and alkyl‐substituted β,γ‐unsaturated oximes, which readily affords the desired isoxazolines that can be easily transformed into useful compounds. Mechanistic experiments support that a radical pathway may be involved in the cyclization of β,γ‐unsaturated oximes.
Synthesis of 7‐Phenylindole Derivatives through Rhodium‐Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Coupling of 2‐(Acetylamino)‐1,1’‐biphenyls with Alkynes
Authors: Michikita Ryudai , Usuki Yoshinosuke , Satoh Tetsuya 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe dehydrogenative coupling of 2‐(acetylamino)‐1,1’‐biphenyls with internal alkynes proceeds regioselectively under rhodium catalysis to afford the corresponding 7‐phenylindole derivatives. Combining with Suzuki‐Miyaura coupling, the processes provide easy access to the 7‐phenylindole structures from readily available starting materials.
Mechanistic Understanding of Efficient Photocatalytic H2 Evolution on Two‐Dimensional Layered Lead Iodide Hybrid Perovskites
Authors: Wang Hong , Zhang Hefeng , Wang Junhui , Gao Yuying , Fan Fengtao , Wu Kaifeng , Zong Xu , Li Can 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3D) organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites have demonstrated excellent capability in solar fuel production, while the two‐dimensional (2D) counterparts are generally considered inferior candidates due to the high exciton binding energy and weak light absorption. Herein, contrary to our common understanding, we find that 2D perovskites can perform photocatalytic H2 production from HI splitting more efficiently than their 3D counterparts. We observed sharp difference between 2D perovskites crystals with organic phenylalkylammonium cations of different lengths and the 3D counterparts in their stabilization behavior in aqueous solution. Moreover, we show that the organic cations length of the 2D perovskites affects the nanostructures, optoelectronic properties, and the charge transfer process significantly, which determines the photocatalytic activity of the 2D perovskites. Among the 2D perovskites under investigation, phenylmethylammonium lead iodide with the shortest organic cations achieved the best solar‐to‐chemical conversion efficiency of ca. 1.57 %, which is the highest value ever reported for hybrid perovskites.
Liposomes as Carriers of Membrane‐Associated Proteins and Peptides for Mass Spectrometric Analysis
Authors: Frick Melissa , Schwieger Christian , Schmidt Carla 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMembrane proteins are key players of the cell. Their structure and the interactions they form with their lipid environment are required to understand their function. Here we explore liposomes as membrane mimetics for mass spectrometric analysis of peripheral membrane proteins and peptides. Liposomes are advantageous over other membrane mimetics in that they are easy to prepare, can be varied in size and composition, and are suitable for functional assays. We demonstrate that they dissociate into lipid clusters in the gas phase of a mass spectrometer while intact protein and protein–lipid complexes are retained. We exemplify this approach by employing different liposomes including proteoliposomes of two model peptides/proteins differing in size. Our results pave the way for the general application of liposomes for mass spectrometric analysis of membrane‐associated proteins.
Understanding the (De)Sodiation Mechanisms in Na‐Based Batteries through Operando X‐Ray Methods
Authors: Brennhagen Anders , Cavallo Carmen , Wragg David S. , Sottmann Jonas , Koposov Alexey Y. , Fjellvåg Helmer 
Published: February 2021

AbstractProgress in the field of Na‐based batteries strongly relies on the development of new advanced materials. However, one of the main challenges of implementing new electrode materials is the understanding of their mechanisms (sodiation/desodiation) during electrochemical cycling. Operando studies provide extremely valuable insights into structural and chemical changes within different battery components during battery operation. The present review offers a critical summary of the operando X‐ray based characterization techniques used to examine the structural and chemical transformations of the active materials in Na‐ion, Na‐air and Na‐sulfur batteries during (de)sodiation. These methods provide structural and electronic information through diffraction, scattering, absorption and imaging or through a combination of these X‐ray‐based techniques. Challenges associated with cell design and data processing are also addressed herein. In addition, the present review provides a perspective on the future opportunities for these powerful techniques.
Pyroptosis executive protein GSDMD as a biomarker for diagnosis and identification of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Shen Heping , Han Chenyang , Yang Yi , Guo Li , Sheng Yongjia , Wang Jin , Li Wenyan , Zhai Liping , Wang Genghuan , Guan Qiaobing 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study was mainly conducted to explore the expression changes of GSDMD and conventional markers (including T‐Tau, Tau181p, and Aβ1–42) in the cerebrospinal fluid among patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VD), followed by determination of role of GSDMD in diagnosing and identifying AD and VD.MethodsIn this study, 60 patients with VD, 60 patients with AD, and 50 healthy controls were enrolled. Lumbar puncture was performed to collect cerebrospinal fluid samples. Patients with VD and patients with AD were evaluated using the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) scale, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale, Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scale, Activity of Daily Living (ADL) scale, and Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) questionnaire, aiming to determine the behavioral ability of patients. ELISA kit was purchased to determine the levels of GSDMD, T‐Tau, Tau181p, and Aβ1–42 in cerebrospinal fluid, and the expression of inflammatory factors, IL‐1β and IL‐6, was also detected.Results(1) The levels of GSDMD, T‐Tau, and Tau181p in the cerebrospinal fluid were higher in patients with AD than those of patients with VD and healthy controls, while the levels of Aβ1‐42 in the cerebrospinal fluid were lower in patients with AD than that in healthy controls and patients with VD. (2) GSDMD had good diagnostic accuracy in AD. Additionally, GSDMD, T‐Tau, Tau181p, and Aβ1‐42 had good discrimination accuracy in distinguishing AD and VD. (3) The expression levels of inflammatory factors (IL‐1β and IL‐6) in cerebrospinal fluid were higher in patients with AD than those of healthy controls and patients with VD, which were positively correlated with GSDMD expression.ConclusionThe expression of GSDMD was increased in patients with AD, which could be used as a biomarker for AD diagnosis and identification from VD.
CoreValve bioprosthesis dysfunction treated with a Sapien 3 valve‐in‐valve transcatheter aortic valve replacement and BASILICA technique
Authors: Sharma Ravi K , Tuttle Mark K , Poulin Marie‐France , Laham Roger J 
Published: February 2021

AbstractStructural deterioration of transcatheter heart valve (THV) has been previously described. With the expansion of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) indications toward treating lower risk patients with longer life expectancy, there will be increased necessity of managing the patients with THV dysfunction including those at risk for coronary obstruction or sinus sequestration. Coronary access also remains a challenge in such cases with THV dysfunction undergoing valve‐in‐transcatheter heart valve (ViTHV) TAVR. A unique and first reported case of THV deterioration treated with Sapien 3 ViTHV‐TAVR inside a 31 mm CoreValve bioprosthesis along with left coronary leaflet laceration using the BASILICA technique has been presented.
Different preparation methods affect the phenolic profiles and antioxidant properties of Qingke barley foods
Authors: Tuersuntuoheti Tuohetisayipu , Wang Zhenhua , Zhang Min , Pan Fei , Liang Shan , Sohail Amjad , Li Meng , Wang Kaiyun , Asimi Sailimuhan , Khurshid Madiha , Wang Xinyue 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground and objectivesBarley is rich in bioactive compounds and can prevent some chronic diseases. With the increasing health awareness of the consumers, Qingke barley has been widely consumed in China in the Qingke barley fresh noodles (QBFN), Qingke barley dried noodles (QBDN), Qingke barley bread (QBB), and Qingke barley Chinese steamed bread (QBSB) forms. Preparation methods affect the phenolic profiles, content, and antioxidant capacity of these products. In this work, phenolic profiles and antioxidant activities of the above products were evaluated, and the effects of different preparation methods on the release of phenolic compounds were explained from the perspective of the destruction of the protein–phenol interaction by molecular docking method.FindingsThe main free phenols in these products were gallic acid, ferulic acid, and phloroglucinol, while the main bound phenols were syringic acid, epicatechin, and quercetin. The different preparation methods altered the free and bound phenolic compounds’ contents in different degrees. Compared with the mixed flour, the finished products showed fairly higher DPPH. Scavenging and reduction capacity, and QBB, QBSB showed a higher antioxidant capacity than the QBFN and QBDN. Molecular docking results predicted that phenols and proteins in these products form phenol–protein complexes bounded by hydrogen and hydrophobic bonds. Different preparation methods would breakdown these bonds, resulting in the release of phenolic compounds.ConclusionDifferent preparation methods changed the phenolic compounds content and antioxidant capacity in different degrees, QBB and QBSB have higher level of phenolic content and better antioxidant capacity than QBFN and QBDN. Different preparation methods may breakdown hydrogen and hydrophobic bonds between protein and phenolic compounds by different degrees, resulting in the release of phenolic compounds.
Distal retrieval of dislodged and migrated guidewires after retrograde puncture of the deep femoral and dorsal pedal artery. A case series
Authors: Korosoglou Grigorios , Giusca Sorin , Antaredja Muliadi , Schmidt Andrej , Blessing Erwin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe report on retrograde retrieval of the soft end of dislodged guidewires during complex interventions. Interventionalists may consider this as an option for the endovascular management of this complication if an antegrade retrieval is not possible or fails.
Derived CuSn Alloys from Heterointerfaces in Bimetallic Oxides Promote the CO2 Electroreduction to Formate
Authors: Ning Baoxing , Chang Wanjun , Liu Miaomiao , Jiang Hao , Li Chunzhong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractElectroreduction of CO2 into valuable chemicals provides a promising strategy for mitigating excessive CO2 emissions and storing intermittent renewable energy. Herein, SnO2/CuOnanoparticle composites (NCs) with rich heterointerfaces were designed for selectively converting CO2 into liquidus formate. Distinct from only monometallic phase evolved in physically‐mixed samples, Cu and Sn atoms at the heterointerfaces were in‐situ reduced into alloys under working conditions. With residual SnOx/CuOx stabilizing the CO2.− intermediate, CuSn alloys can obviously suppress the undesired hydrogen evolution reaction and then enhance the catalytic selectivity. In a H‐type cell, as‐obtained SnO2/CuO NCs exhibit Faraday efficiency (FE) of 89.3 % and current density of 18.34 mA cm−2 for formate, which is stable for 30 h at −1.0 V vs. RHE. Impressively, the formate current density of 310 mA cm−2 is achieved in a flow cell. Moreover, constructing efficient samples by the heterointerfaces engineering would provide an inspiration for designing novel electrocatalysts.
Application of Polyimide‐based Microfluidic Devices on Acid‐catalyzed Hydrolysis of Dimethoxypropane
Authors: Bobers Jens , Forys Elisabeth , Oldach Bastian , Kockmann Norbert 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMicrofluidic devices intensify transport phenomena and can improve chemical processes. New manufacturing processes and materials are perpetually developed due to constantly growing interest in process intensification. In this contribution, the authors present the design and application of polyimide‐foil‐based microfluidic mixing devices manufactured by reactive ion etching. As appropriate model reaction system, acid‐catalyzed 2,2‐dimethoxypropane (DMP) hydrolysis was chosen and investigated in three different mixing structure with varying flow rate. Energy dissipation rates were calculated to estimate mixing performances. The results show good mixing quality for Reynolds numbers between 10 and 100 and similar mixing times scales for all investigated microstructured mixers.
Numerical analysis of hydrodynamic characteristics and interphase coupling in a gas‐solid cyclone reactor
Authors: Li Anjun , Wang Zhenbo , Zhu Liyun , Wang Ziyi , Xu Xiaogang , Fang Liang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA down‐flow gas‐solid cyclone reactor (GSCR) for fluidized catalytic cracking process was proposed to solve the side reactions. Comprehensive three‐dimensional numerical models were established to interpret its gas‐solid flow features, where the continuous phase and dispersed phase were modelled in the Eulerian grid and Lagrangian framework, respectively. Simulation results show that the four‐way approach has a better prediction of gas‐solid flow hydrodynamics in GSCR than the two‐way approach, and the numerical pressure drop agreed well with the experimental data. Most catalysts accumulated on the wall when descending and the phase interface structure composed of internal pure gas and external mixtures was subsequently formed. The radial distribution of tangential velocity was almost hump shaped. Tangential and axial kinetic energies accounted for 92.49%–95.45% of total kinetic energy and were thus dominant. In the dilute condition, the oscillatory behaviour of particle concentration was more severe than that of gas velocities, and particle concentration and gas tangential velocity had the same dominant frequency (~2.6 Hz). As the particulate loading increased tenfold, the hydrodynamic characteristics became rather complex.