bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An SIR epidemic model for COVID-19 spread with fuzzy parameter: the case of Indonesia
Authors: Abdy Muhammad , Side Syafruddin , Annas Suwardi , Nur Wahyuddin , Sanusi Wahidah 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe aim of this research is to construct an SIR model for COVID-19 with fuzzy parameters. The SIR model is constructed by considering the factors of vaccination, treatment, obedience in implementing health protocols, and the corona virus-load. Parameters of the infection rate, recovery rate, and death rate due to COVID-19 are constructed as a fuzzy number, and their membership functions are used in the model as fuzzy parameters. The model analysis uses the generation matrix method to obtain the basic reproduction number and the stability of the model’s equilibrium points. Simulation results show that differences in corona virus-loads will also cause differences in the transmission of COVID-19. Likewise, the factors of vaccination and obedience in implementing health protocols have the same effect in slowing or stopping the transmission of COVID-19 in Indonesia.
Treatment of eating disorders in adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic: a case series
Authors: Yaffa Serur , Adi Enoch-Levy , Itai Pessach , Marit Joffe-Milstein , Doron Gothelf , Daniel Stein 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
Eating disorders (EDs) are among the most difficult psychiatric disorders to treat in normal conditions. They are likely even more difficult to manage in at-risk conditions such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Currently there is limited evidence about the particular needs and recommended treatment of adolescents with EDs during the COVID-19 outbreak, in particular regarding the use of telemedicine and the involvement of the family in long distance-treatment.

Aims
We sought to discuss the advantages and problems associated with the use of multi-professional long-distance telemedicine treatment in the management of adolescents with EDs and their families during the COVID-19 outbreak.

Methods
We gathered data about the treatment of adolescents with EDs in our pediatric ED-treatment center in Israel during the COVID-19 outbreak in the first 10 months of 2020, and compared it to the respective period in the past five years (2015–2019). Second, we described the management of four young females with anorexia nervosa (AN), treated in the ambulatory, daycare and inpatient facilities of our center during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Findings
Slightly less patients were treated in our center during the COVID-19 pandemic than in the respective period in the past five years. These patients received at that time considerably more treatment sessions from all treatment providers (psychiatrists, clinical nutritionists and psychotherapists). This was related, in part, to the extensive use of telemedicine during that period (more than as third of all sessions were carried out with telemedicine in comparison to no use of long-distance treatment in the previous years). The condition of the four adolescents with AN was compromised at the start of the COVID-19 quarantine. The use of multi-disciplinary long-distance telemedicine treatment resulted in an improvement in the condition in three of the four adolescents, living in well-organized families, with the motivation and ability to adjust to the new conditions, but not in one adolescent whose family experienced more problems. These families might require the use of face-to-face interventions even during pandemic conditions.

Conclusion
The choice of the mode of treatment for adolescents with EDs during pandemic times (telemedicine vs. face-to-face) should consider the functioning of the family.
Epistaxis first-aid management: A needs assessment among healthcare providers
Authors: Sowerby Leigh , Rajakumar Chandheeb , Davis Matthew , Rotenberg Brian 
Published: February 2021

Purpose To perform a needs assessment of epistaxis first-aid measures practiced by family physicians and Emergency Department (ED) staff in London, Ontario, Canada. Methods Paper-based multiple-choice questionnaires were distributed to participants. Participant recruitment was conducted in two parts: 1) 28 Emergency Medicine (EM) attending physicians, 21 resident physicians training in the ED, and 26 ED nurses were surveyed while on duty in the ED; 2) 27 family physicians providing walk-in or urgent care and attending a continuing medical education (CME) event were also surveyed. Respondents were asked to identify where to apply compression to the nose and how patients should be positioned during acute epistaxis. Results Regarding where to apply compression, 19% of family physicians, 43% of EM physicians, 24% of residents, and 8% of ED nurses responded correctly. Regarding positioning, all groups responded similarly with 54–62% responding correctly. Twenty-one percent of emergency physicians, 19% of residents, 11% of family physicians, and 4% of nurses responded correctly to both questions. Conclusions Most family physicians, EM attending physicians, ED nurses, and residents could not correctly identify basic first-aid measures for acute epistaxis. This study identifies an area where knowledge is lacking and the potential for improvement in patient management and education. Grapical Abstract
The Mag.num core field model as a parent for IGRF-13, and the recent evolution of the South Atlantic Anomaly
Authors: Rother M. , Korte M. , Morschhauser A. , Vervelidou F. , Matzka J. , Stolle C. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe present the GFZ candidate field models for the $$13{\mathrm{th}}$$

13
th

Generation International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF-13). These candidates were derived from the geomagnetic core field model, which is constrained by Swarm satellite and ground observatory data from November 2013 to August 2019. Data were selected from magnetically quiet periods, and the model parameters have been obtained using an iteratively reweighted inversion scheme approximating a robust modified Huber norm as a measure of misfit. The root mean square misfit of the model to Swarm and observatory data is in the order of 3–5 nT for mid and low latitudes, with a maximum of 44 nT for the satellite east component data at high latitudes. The time-varying core field is described by order 6 splines and spherical harmonic coefficients up to degree and order 20. We note that the temporal variation of the core field component of the model is strongly damped and shows a smooth secular variation that suits well for the IGRF, where secular variation is represented as constant over 5-year intervals. Further, the external field is parameterised by a slowly varying part and a more rapidly varying part controlled by magnetic activity and interplanetary magnetic field proxies. Additionally, the Euler angles of the magnetic field sensor orientation are co-estimated. A widely discussed feature of the geomagnetic field is the South Atlantic Anomaly, a zone of weak and decreasing field strength stretching from southern Africa over to South America. The IGRF and indicate that the anomaly has developed a second, less pronounced eastern minimum at Earth’s surface since 2007. We observe that while the strong western minimum continues to drift westwards, the less pronounced eastern minimum currently drifts eastward at Earth’s surface. This does not seem to be linked to any eastward motion at the core–mantle boundary, but rather to intensity changes of westward drifting flux patches contributing to the observed surface field. Also, we report a sudden change in the secular variation measured at two South Atlantic observatories around 2015.0, which occurred shortly after the well-known jerk of 2014.0.
Ruminal resistome of dairy cattle is individualized and the resistotypes are associated with milking traits
Authors: Xue Ming-Yuan , Xie Yun-Yi , Zhong Yi-Fan , Liu Jian-Xin , Guan Le Luo , Sun Hui-Zeng 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Antimicrobial resistance is one of the most urgent threat to global public health, as it can lead to high morbidity, mortality, and medical costs for humans and livestock animals. In ruminants, the rumen microbiome carries a large number of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), which could disseminate to the environment through saliva, or through the flow of rumen microbial biomass to the hindgut and released through feces. The occurrence and distribution of ARGs in rumen microbes has been reported, revealing the effects of external stimuli (e.g., antimicrobial administrations and diet ingredients) on the antimicrobial resistance in the rumen. However, the host effect on the ruminal resistome and their interactions remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated the ruminal resistome and its relationship with host feed intake and milk protein yield using metagenomic sequencing.

Results
The ruminal resistome conferred resistance to 26 classes of antimicrobials, with genes encoding resistance to tetracycline being the most predominant. The ARG-containing contigs were assigned to bacterial taxonomy, and the majority of highly abundant bacterial genera were resistant to at least one antimicrobial, while the abundances of ARG-containing bacterial genera showed distinct variations. Although the ruminal resistome is not co-varied with host feed intake, it could be potentially linked to milk protein yield in dairy cows. Results showed that host feed intake did not affect the alpha or beta diversity of the ruminal resistome or the abundances of ARGs, while the Shannon index (R2 = 0.63, P < 0.01) and richness (R2 = 0.67, P < 0.01) of the ruminal resistome were highly correlated with milk protein yield. A total of 128 significantly different ARGs (FDR < 0.05) were identified in the high- and low-milk protein yield dairy cows. We found four ruminal resistotypes that are driven by specific ARGs and associated with milk protein yield. Particularly, cows with low milk protein yield are classified into the same ruminal resistotype and featured by high-abundance ARGs, including mfd and sav1866.

Conclusions
The current study uncovered the prevalence of ARGs in the rumen of a cohort of lactating dairy cows. The ruminal resistome is not co-varied with host feed intake, while it could be potentially linked to milk protein yield in dairy cows. Our results provide fundamental knowledge on the prevalence, mechanisms and impact factors of antimicrobial resistance in dairy cattle and are important for both the dairy industry and other food animal antimicrobial resistance control strategies.
Implementation of a Multidisciplinary Expert Testicular Cancer Tumor Board Across a Large Integrated Healthcare Delivery System Via Early Case Ascertainment
Authors: Harzstark Andrea L. , Altschuler Andrea , Amsden Laura B. , Alavi Mubarika , Liu Liyan , Presti Joseph C. , Brenman Leslie Manace , Walker Lauren C. , Ryken Rene R. , De Mucha Flores Aileen C. , Nichols Craig , Herrinton Lisa J. 
Published: February 2021

PURPOSE In 2016, Kaiser Permanente Northern California began regionalizing testicular cancer care using population-based tumor board review. This mixed methods evaluation describes implementation outcomes and learnings. METHODS We conducted in-depth interviews with key stakeholders, administered surveys to local oncologists and urologists, and used clinical data to evaluate changes in care delivery during 2015-2018. RESULTS An average of 135 patients with testicular cancer were diagnosed each year. Interviews with 16 key stakeholders provided several insights. Implementation resulted in high levels of satisfaction, was dependent on leadership and staff at various levels, and required technology and consulting solutions aligned to user agreements and clinical workflows. Of 123 local oncologists and urologists who completed surveys, 97% understood why care was regionalized and 89% agreed that tumor board review improved treatment decisions. Among 177 patients with stage I seminoma, the percentage appropriately observed rather than treated with adjuvant chemotherapy or radiation therapy increased from 48% (95% CI, 35 to 62) in 2015 to 87% (75 to 99) in 2018. Review altered care based on pathology and radiology re-review in 14.5 % of cases. CONCLUSION Regionalization was feasible and effective.
Awareness and Acceptability of Breast Reconstruction Among Women With Breast Cancer: A Prospective Survey
Authors: Nair Nita S. , Penumadu Prasanth , Yadav Prabha , Sethi Nitin , Kohli Pavneet S. , Shankhdhar Vinaykant , Jaiswal Dushyant , Parmar Vani , Hawaldar Rohini W. , Badwe Rajendra A. 
Published: February 2021

PURPOSE Quality of life has become an integral aspect of the management of breast cancer. Many women still need to undergo a modified radical mastectomy (MRM). Factors affecting the choice a woman makes to undergo breast reconstruction (BR) are unclear and are hypothesized to be influenced by socioeconomic factors. We conducted a survey to evaluate the awareness and acceptability of BR among women with breast cancer at our institution. METHODS A novel questionnaire was designed and served to 3 groups of women: planned for MRM, follow up (FU) post-MRM, and FU post breast-conserving surgery. RESULTS Responses were analyzed from 492 women. Of these, 280 (56.91%) were planned for MRM and 212 (43.08%) women were on FU. Almost 45% women were older than 50 years of age, and literacy rate was 87.6%. More than 70% were homemakers and 15 women (3%) were unmarried. The aspects evaluating awareness of BR suggested that 251 (51.01%) women had knowledge about BR. Major source of information was the surgeon (45.81%) and media (32.87%). About 80% women on FU post-MRM did not want reconstruction, and 55% did not opt for BR as they had coped with the mastectomy and did not feel the need for BR. Only 6% cited family or financial reasons and 10% cited recurrence concerns. Among women planned for surgery, 65.71% had not considered BR. When questioned, 25 (12.88%) felt influenced by cost, 102 (52.58%) felt they did not need it, and 20 (10.31%) were worried it would affect treatment. CONCLUSION Our study shows high awareness regarding BR, but only 27.89% women opt for BR independent of economic issues. We recommend all patients should be counseled about the reconstructive options when their MRM is planned.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Oncologists: Results of an International Study
Authors: Jazieh Abdul Rahman , Coutinho Anelisa K. , Bensalem Assia A. , Alsharm Abdullah A. , Errihani Hassan , Mula-Hussain Layth , Al-Sukhun Sana , Sampaio-Filho Carlos A. , Khorshid Ola M. R. , De Guzman Roselle B. , Alkaiyat Mohammad O. , Jradi Hoda A. 
Published: February 2021

PURPOSE As frontline workers facing the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare providers should be well-prepared to fight the disease and prevent harm to their patients and themselves. Our study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of oncologists in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on them. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted using a validated questionnaire disseminated to oncologists by SurveyMonkey. The tool had 42 questions that captured participants’ knowledge, attitude, and practice; their experiences; and the pandemic’s impact on various aspects of their lives. Participants from Middle East and North African countries, Brazil, and the Philippines completed the electronic survey between April 24 and May 15, 2020. RESULTS Of the 1,010 physicians who participated in the study, 54.75% were male and 64.95% were medical or clinical oncologists. The level of knowledge regarding the prevention and transmission of the virus was good in 52% of participants. The majority (92%) were worried about contracting the virus either extremely (30%) or mildly (62%), and 84.85% were worried about transmitting the virus to their families. Approximately 76.93% reported they would take the COVID 19 vaccine once available, with oncologists practicing in Brazil having the highest odds ratio of intention to receive the COVID-19 vaccine (odds ratio, 11.8, 95% CI, 5.96 to 23.38, P < .001). Participants reported a negative impact of the pandemic on relations with coworkers (15.84%), relations with family (27.84%), their emotional and mental well-being (48.51%), research productivity (34.26%), and financial income (52.28%). CONCLUSION The COVID-19 pandemic has adverse effects on various personal and professional aspects of oncologists’ lives. Interventions should be implemented to mitigate the negative impact and prepare oncologists to manage future crises with more efficiency and resilience.
Screening for Palliative Care Needs: Pilot Data From German Comprehensive Cancer Centers
Authors: Roch Carmen , Heckel Maria , van Oorschot Birgitt , Alt-Epping Bernd , Tewes Mitra 
Published: February 2021

PURPOSE: Guidelines recommend several screening tools to identify patients with complex palliative needs. This diversity and lack of structural recommendations offer a wide scope for implementing screening. Against this background, the current status of implementation at German Comprehensive Cancer Centers (CCCs) funded by the German Cancer Aid has not yet been investigated. METHODS: e-mail survey of the 17 hospital sites of the 13 CCCs. The questionnaire asked for structural characteristics of the centers as well as preconditions of the screening process. Structurally established screening procedures (one item) and standardized workflows, modes of performance, screening tools (four items), modes of training how to screen, and responsibilities (two items) were assessed. RESULTS: In a 2-month period, 15 hospital sites responded; seven hospital sites conducted a palliative care needs (PCN) screening. Only one hospital site carried out PCN screening in almost all oncology departments, but only with the distress thermometer. Other hospital sites determined palliative needs by assessing physical symptoms using the Integrated Palliative Care Outcome Scale or the Minimal Documentation System, and two hospital sites combined tools to determine both physical and psychological stress. The type of screening varied from paper-pencil–based to tablet computer–based documentation. The main barriers to implementation were identified as a lack of human resources and a lack of structural conditions. CONCLUSION: There is a lack of consensus among palliative care specialists and oncologists in the CCCs supported by the German Cancer Aid in PCN screening as well as of structured guidelines and the professional association. Structural requirements should be adapted to these needs, which include both technical and human resources. A combined psycho-oncologic and palliative care screening might help to formulate best practice recommendations.
Associations of Serum Cortisol with Cardiovascular Risk and Mortality in Patients Referred to Coronary Angiography
Authors: Pilz Stefan , Theiler-Schwetz Verena , Trummer Christian , Keppel Martin H , Grübler Martin R , Verheyen Nicolas , Odler Balazs , Meinitzer Andreas , Voelkl Jakob , März Winfried 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Context
Serum cortisol may be associated with cardiovascular risk factors and mortality in patients undergoing coronary angiography, but previous data on this topic are limited and controversial.

Objective
We evaluated whether morning serum cortisol is associated with cardiovascular risk factors, lymphocyte subtypes, and mortality.

Methods
This is a prospective cohort study performed at a tertiary care centre in south-west Germany between 1997 and 2000. We included 3052 study participants who underwent coronary angiography. The primary outcome measures were cardiovascular risk factors, lymphocyte subtypes, and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.

Results
Serum cortisol was associated with an adverse cardiovascular risk profile, but there was no significant association with coronary artery disease or acute coronary syndrome. In a subsample of 2107 participants, serum cortisol was positively associated with certain lymphocyte subsets, including CD16+CD56+ (natural killer) cells (P &lt; 0.001). Comparing the fourth versus the first serum cortisol quartile, the crude Cox proportional hazard ratios (with 95% CIs) were 1.22 (1.00-1.47) for all-cause and 1.32 (1.04-1.67) for cardiovascular mortality, respectively. After adjustments for various cardiovascular risk factors, these associations were attenuated to 0.93 (0.76-1.14) for all-cause, and 0.97 (0.76-1.25) for cardiovascular mortality, respectively.

Conclusions
Despite significant associations with classic cardiovascular risk factors and natural killer cells, serum cortisol was not a significant and independent predictor of mortality in patients referred to coronary angiography. These findings might reflect that adverse cardiovascular effects of cortisol could be counterbalanced by some cardiovascular protective actions.
LAMA: automated image analysis for the developmental phenotyping of mouse embryos
Authors: Horner Neil R. , Venkataraman Shanmugasundaram , Armit Chris , Casero Ramón , Brown James M. , Wong Michael D. , van Eede Matthijs C. , Henkelman R. Mark , Johnson Sara , Teboul Lydia , Wells Sara , Brown Steve D. , Westerberg Henrik , Mallon Ann-Marie 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Advanced 3D imaging modalities, such as micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), have been incorporated into the high-throughput embryo pipeline of the International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC). This project generates large volumes of raw data that cannot be immediately exploited without significant resources of personnel and expertise. Thus, rapid automated annotation is crucial to ensure that 3D imaging data can be integrated with other multi-dimensional phenotyping data. We present an automated computational mouse embryo phenotyping pipeline that harnesses the large amount of wild-type control data available in the IMPC embryo pipeline in order to address issues of low mutant sample number as well as incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity. We also investigate the effect of developmental substage on automated phenotyping results. Designed primarily for developmental biologists, our software performs image pre-processing, registration, statistical analysis and segmentation of embryo images. We also present a novel anatomical E14.5 embryo atlas average and, using it with LAMA, show that we can uncover known and novel dysmorphology from two IMPC knockout lines.
Role of in-phase and out-of-phase chemical shift MRI in differentiation of non-neoplastic versus neoplastic benign and malignant marrow lesions
Authors: van Vucht Niels , Santiago Rodney , Pressney Ian , Saifuddin Asif 
Published: February 2021

Objective:
To determine its ability of in-phase (IP) and out-of-phase (OOP) chemical shift imaging (CSI) to distinguish non-neoplastic marrow lesions, benign bone tumours and malignant bone tumours.

Methods:
CSI was introduced into our musculoskeletal tumour protocol in May 2018 to aid in characterisation of suspected bone tumours. The % signal intensity (SI) drop between IP and OOP sequences was calculated and compared to the final lesion diagnosis, which was classified as non-neoplastic (NN), benign neoplastic (BN) or malignant neoplastic (MN).

Results:
The study included 174 patients (84 males; 90 females: mean age 44.2 years, range 2–87 years). Based on either imaging features (n = 105) or histology (n = 69), 44 lesions (25.3%) were classified as NN, 66 (37.9%) as BN and 64 (36.8%) as MN. Mean % SI drop on OOP for NN lesions was 36.6%, for BN 3.19% and for MN 3.24% (p &lt; 0.001). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and diagnostic accuracy of CSI for differentiating NN from neoplastic lesions were 65.9%, 94.6%, 80.6%, 89.1%% and 87.4% respectively, and for differentiating BN from MN were 9.1%, 98.4%, 85.7%, 51.2 and 53.1% respectively.

Conclusion:
CSI is accurate for differentiating non-neoplastic and neoplastic marrow lesions, but is of no value in differentiating malignant bone tumours from non-fat containing benign bone tumours.

Advances in knowledge:
CSI is of value for differentiating non-neoplastic marrow lesions from neoplastic lesions, but not for differentiating benign bone tumours from malignant bone tumours as has been previously reported.