bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medical laboratory professional’s week in Rwanda: a field report from the Simbi and Maraba communities
Authors: Pierre Gashema , Iradukunda Patrick Gad , Tumusiime Musafiri , Harelimana Jean De Dieu , Rutayisire Gad , Nyakatswau Stuart T. , Samjeh Oswald , Muhwezi Andrew , Mwikarago Ivan Emil , Muvunyi Claude Mambo , Gitema Fiston , Ndoricyimpaye Ella Larissa , Rugimbanya Pierre , Gatete Edgar , Rujeni Nadine , Dzinamarira Tafadzwa 
Published: April 2021

Background: In response to the need for interventions that facilitate the accessibility of medical services in poor communities, an outreach activity was organized in semi-rural areas of Maraba and Simbi sectors located in Huye district, Southern province of Rwanda. The outreach was undertaken by health sciences students and involved the screening of hypertension, risk of diabetes, hepatitis, anemia, eye disease, and HIV.Methods: Clinical assessments and rapid laboratory diagnostic assays were used to screen invited residents from the two selected communities. An observation research was conducted from May 21 to 25 May, 2018, at Maraba and Simbi sector located in Huye district, Southern province, Rwanda. We employed a purposively sampling technique for participants' recruitment in the outreach. The outreach was conducted as part teaching program and community engagement, and was endorsed by college of medicine and health sciences and all the subjects voluntarily participated in this exercise; the ethical approval was not applicable for this outreach activity. Results: The total beneficiaries from those sectors were 1427 citizens of whom females predominated at 72%. During the screening, hypertension was found to be high at 47.8% among adults. Anemia which mostly presumes iron deficiency was observed at 32.5% among under 15 years old children and at 15% in pregnant women. The vision impairment and cataract were observed at 5.66 and 19.59%, respectively. The assessed viral infection indicated a rate of 0.56% for HIV, 1.03% for HBV, and 7.17% for HCV. High blood glucose was found in 10.4% of the screened population.Conclusions: The findings highlight a high burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in rural communities and call for further investigations and interventions to align with the sustainable development goals (SDGs), particularly access to affordable health services. Furthermore, the success of this outreach highlights the potential contribution of health care trainees in achieving these goals and calls for integration of such interventions in the health education curriculum.
A comparative study of efficacy of oral itraconazole, terbinafine and fluconazole: a clinical trial
Authors: Koregol Savita C. , Naik Soumya R. , Hosthota Abhineetha , Koregol Arati C. 
Published: April 2021

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Keeping in view the rising number of cases of dermatophyte infections and also poor response to topical drugs, this study was conducted with the intention to arrive at a conclusion regarding the best available systemic drug.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A total of 270 patients were selected for the study. 90 patients were assigned to each group under itraconazole, terbinafine &amp; fluconazole.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> It was found that itraconazole was the most effective drug which led to a considerable decrease in erythema, peripheral spread, scaling and spread to other body sites. Next drug to be the most effective was terbinafine, which was followed by fluconazole.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> We finally arrived at a conclusion that itraconazole is the most effective drug for all types of superficial fungal infections. It was followed by terbinafine &amp; fluconazole in terms of drug effectiveness. Hence in this study we advocate the use of itraconazole as first line of drug in all patients of tinea infections.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>
Clinico-epidemiological study of chronic leg ulcers in a tertiary care referral center from Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Kaliyaperumal Damayandhi , Jagadeeshkumar Govardhan , Kanagaraj Preethi , Chandran Vijayabhaskar 
Published: April 2021

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Leg ulcer is a common ailment of elderly presented with complex dermatological conditions. It may occur as a sequel to infection, malignancy, adverse drug reaction, trauma and hematological disorders. The paucity of data on the prevalence and outcome of the chronic leg ulcer in India served as a basis to conduct this clinico-epidemiological study. To study the prevalence of leg ulcers in a tertiary care referral hospital.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, 100 patients with leg ulcer attending the dermatology OPD at Madras medical college, Chennai, were enrolled after obtaining their consent. Detailed case history of each patient was recorded. Routine clinical investigations, Doppler study and culture were done to detect associated complications. In this study, 58 males and 42 females, with the mean age of 42.01±14.302 years, mean duration of leg ulcer of 17.79±29.87 months were recruited.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Venous ulcer (37%) was the most prevalent type of leg ulcer recorded in our study. Doppler study revealed that the 31% of venous ulcers patients developed perforator incompetence. <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> was the major microbe isolated from the lesions (27%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Chronic leg ulcers are very common in elderly patients and venous ulcer being the most common. Doppler is an effective tool for the assessment of disease severity of venous ulcers and aided in offering the adequate management of the disease. Diagnosis of underlying causes such as pyoderma gangrenosum, autoimmune diseases, malignancies and bacterial culture from the wound will be helpful for the management of the disease.</p>
Determinantes sociodemográficos del acceso a la detección del cáncer de mama en México: una revisión de las encuestas nacionales
Authors: Agudelo Botero Marcela 
Published: April 2021

El objetivo de este artículo es identificar los factores que explican el acceso a la detección del cáncer de mama en México en función de las características sociodemográficas de las mujeres, de acuerdo con tres encuestas representativas en el ámbito nacional. Se realizaron estadísticas descriptivas y se emplearon técnicas de análisis de clasificación múltiple. Las variables dependientes fueron que las mujeres se hubieran realizado: 1) la autoexploración, 2) el examen clínico de mamas, o 3) la mamografía; las covariables fueron: grupos de edad, escolaridad, tipo de localidad (urbana/rural), estado conyugal, número de hijos, derechohabiencia y estrato socioeconómico. Se encontró una cobertura de detección baja y se observaron brechas entre distintos grupos femeninos según las características sociodemográficas. Por lo general, las mujeres de estratos económicos más bajos, sin derechohabiencia y con menores niveles educativos, registraron prácticas de detección inferiores a la media nacional.
Efectos del aula invertida y la evaluación auténtica en el aprendizaje de la matemática universitaria en estudiantes de primer año de ingeniería
Authors: Maluenda Albornoz Jorge , Varas Contreras Marcela , Chacano Osses Diego 
Published: April 2021

Las altas tasas de reprobación en Introducción a la Matemática Universitaria (IMU) han llevado a que la presente investigación desarrolle una intervención basada en Flipped Classroom y Authentic Assessment para revertir esta situación. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la implementación de estos dos enfoques en el desempeño de estudiantes de ingeniería de primer año en IMU. Se realizó un estudio cuasi-experimental con grupo de control e intervención, además de pre y post-test para medir cambios en el aprendizaje y la satisfacción de los estudiantes. Los resultados mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas favorables a la sección intervenida, reflejando un 18,5% de mejora en los resultados académicos. Además, se observó mayor satisfacción en esta sección, apreciándose la utilidad de la intervención para aportar en ambos aspectos.
A ALTA MÉDICA E A RESPONSABILIDADE CIVIL
Authors: Arantes Cavalcante Rodrigo 
Published: April 2021

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar questões sobre a alta médica e a responsabilidade civil. Referido tema é de extrema importância por se tratar do nosso maior bem, qual seja, a vida e a saúde analisando questões em que a alta médica irregular pode causar a responsabilidade civil do médico e/ou hospitais, clínicas e dos planos de saúde. Referido artigo não se limita a análise da questão legal, mas também doutrinária e jurisprudencial.
O FINANCIAMENTO DA AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR COMO FATOR PREPONDERANTE PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO DA AGROINDÚSTRIA BRASILEIRA
Authors: De Oliveira Jarnyk Ronaldo , Bezerra de Souza Junior Arthur 
Published: April 2021

A proposta do presente artigo é promover uma breve análise sobre os impactos e a dicotomia causada entre a implementação de políticas públicas para o fomento da Reforma Agrária, suas bases constitucionais dentro das normas de aplicabilidade programática, frente a evolução dos recursos empregados para o Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar (PRONAF) e as distorções geradas no cenário do agronegócio brasileiro. O aparente atendimento ao financiamento desta modalidade de negócio agrário, tem se demonstrado ineficiente, expondo vulnerabilidades destes agricultores, principalmente diante dos números do CENSO Agrário 2017 produzido pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE).
A polygenic-informed approach to a predictive EEG signature empowers stratified antidepressant treatment
Authors: Meijs Hannah , Lin Bochao , Wingen Guido van , Gordon Evian , Denys Damiaan , De Wilde Bieke , Hecke Jan Van , Niemegeers Pieter , Eijk Kristel van , Luykx Jurjen , Arns Martijn 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) is hampered by low chances of treatment response in each treatment step, which is partly due to a lack of firmly established outcome-predictive biomarkers. Here, we hypothesize that polygenic-informed EEG signatures may help predict differential antidepressant treatment response. Using a polygenic-informed electroencephalography (EEG) data-driven, data-reduction approach, we identify a functional brain network in a large cohort of predominantly psychiatric patients (N=1,123), and discover that this network is sex-specifically associated with polygenic liability to psychiatric illness. Subsequently, we demonstrate the utility of this network in predicting response to repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and antidepressant medication in two independent datasets (N=196 and N=1,008). A stratification model aimed at stratifying patients to rTMS or sertraline based on only this EEG component yields improved remission rates varying from 22% to 39%. Overall, our findings highlight the power and utility of a combined polygenic and neurophysiological approach in the search for clinically-relevant biomarkers in psychiatric disorders.
Results of a novel surgical technique for iridodialysis repair using segments
Authors: Unsal Ugur , Sabur Huri , Soyler Mehmet 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To describe a novel surgical technique for iridodialysis repair using iris retractor segments and report its clinical results.Methods: 53 eyes of 53 patients who underwent surgery for iridodialysis repair were enrolled in this retrospective study. Data recorded from patient files consisted of age, sex, history of trauma, surgical indications and type of surgery, preoperative and postoperative corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), complications, and follow-up time. The novel, minimally invasive surgical technique was explicitly described in detail.Results: Mean follow-up time was 34.4 (range 12-84) months. The subjects were 29 (54.7%) men and 26 (45.3%) women, and the mean age was 56.6±14.0 years. Iridodialysis repair performed using one segment in 37 (69.8%) eyes, two segments in 15 (28.3%) eyes, and three segments in 1 (1.9%) eye. Pupilloplasty was performed in 17 eyes due to wide pupil diameter. The iridodialysis repair was combined with lens removal in 48 eyes, and anterior vitrectomy was performed in 10 eyes. CDVA significantly improved after surgery (p<0.001). Post-traumatic IOP rise was the most common complication, and six patients needed medical therapy for glaucoma control.Conclusion: Iridodialysis repair using iris retractor segment is a minimally invasive technique and found to be safe and effective, providing less surgical manipulation and surgical time than other techniques.
Assessing food insecurity among hospitalized patients at an NCI-designated comprehensive cancer center
Authors: Husain Marium , Paskett Electra , Hinton Alice , Boateng Emmanuel , Leonard Nicole , Hashi Naima , Addissie Selamawit , Mohamed Mubarak , Gray Darrell 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
PURPOSE: To evaluate the prevalence of food insecurity among patients with cancer and to validate the Hunger Vital Sign (HVS) instrument compared to the standard-of-care USDA 18-item Household Food Security Scale (HFSS). The secondary objective was to assess disparities in food access based on race, zip code and insurance status.PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with cancer who were hospitalized at The Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center (OSU-CCC) were identified to participate by the Department of Social Work. Each patient completed the HVS and the 18-item HFSS. The prevalence of food insecurity was estimated and 95% Wilson score confidence intervals were calculated. The agreement between the prevalence of food insecurity as measured by the two different instruments were compared through the use of McNemar’s test. Disparities in food access based on race, zip code and insurance status were further assessed with Fisher exact tests. RESULTS: One hundred and twelve patients participated. We found that the HVS identified food insecurity in 14.3% (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 9.1, 21.7) of participants, whereas the 18-item HFSS identified 8.6% (95% CI: 4.8, 15.1) of participants. However, there was no significant difference between food insecurity as measured by the HVS and the 18-item HFSS (p = 0.289). There were also no significant differences in food insecurity based on race, insurance status or geographical location of patients.CONCLUSION: The HVS is an alternative to the 18-item HFSS as a valid tool to assess food security amongst hospitalized patients with cancer.
Drilling Characteristics of Bulk Metallic Glass in Various Cooling Conditions
Authors: Hu Zhiyu , Wang Cheng Yong , Ding Feng , Zhang Tao , Zheng Lijuan , Zhu Xuguang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Drilling is an indispensable machining operation for manufacturing bulk metallic glass (BMG) medical appliances, which generally have complicated shapes and require high dimensional accuracy. Unfortunately, the available research on the drilling of BMG is limited, and thus reliable guidelines for practical production are lacking. For this reason, this paper focuses on the BMG machinability in the industrial range. The high-speed drillings of BMG specimens were carried out in dry, wet (cutting fluid), and frozen (icing clamp) conditions. The relationship between the thrust force, torque, drilling energy, tool life, tool wear, as well as the hole quality (burrs, diameter deviation, taper angle, and circularity) were studied. The cooling methods and matching spindle speeds were optimized, and the investigation has shown that wet drilling with high spindle speed is the most suitable method for machining BMG as it resulted in the longest tool life and the highest hole quality. Tool failure modes for all cooling methods included plastic deformation and rake face abrasions, in addition to the abrasive and adhesive wear on flank face. The chip adhesion to the entry hole was identified as the primary cause for the large entry burr. Finally, the crown-shaped exit burr rupture triggered the warpage and tearing of the material around the hole.
Atypical ductal hyperplasia on percutaneous breast biopsy: Scoring system to identify the lowest risk for upgrade
Authors: Amin Amanda L , Winblad Onalisa D , Zupon Allison H , Fan Fang , Tawfik Ossama , Wick Jo , Hunt Suzanne , Gatewood Jason , Incardi Marc , Redick Mark , Wagner Jamie L. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose

NCCN guidelines recommend surgical excision for all patients with atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) on percutaneous biopsy. Improved imaging and biopsy techniques have lower contemporary upgrade rates, challenging standard practice.
Methods

A retrospective analysis identified 87 percutaneous biopsies diagnosing ADH who underwent surgical excision at a single institution from 01/2008 to 10/2015. Imaging was reviewed for lesion size and residual calcifications. Biopsy slides were reviewed for ADH features. Categorical variables were analyzed using Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests; continuous variables with T- and Wilcoxon tests. Logistic regression model was used to determine association between odds of upgrade and number of low-risk features.
Results

Upgrade was identified in 13 cases (14.9%; 11 ductal carcinoma in situ and 2 invasive breast cancer). Imaging features associated with lowest risk of upgrade included imaging size < 1cm (p = 0.004) and > 50% removed by biopsy (p = 0.03). The only pathologic feature significantly associated with upgrade was the presence of micropapillary features (p = 0.10), with lower extent of ADH (1–2 foci, p = 0.12) trending toward significance. Those with the lowest risk of upgrade (0%) had all 4 low risk features (n = 17, 20%). The loss of a low-risk feature increased the odds of upgrade by 189% (OR = 1.89, 95% CI 0.241,0.742, p = 0.001).
Conclusion

Contemporary imaging and biopsy techniques have resulted in lower upgrade rates for ADH. Patients at lowest risk for upgrade can be identified using a scoring system and may be safely offered active surveillance over surgical excision.
Effects of dehairing treatment on gelatin yield and quality from bovine hides
Authors: Roy Bimol , Das Chamali , Hong Hui , Betti Mirko , Bruce Heather 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose Hides are the by product of slaughter houses which are mostly used for leather production. In Canada, the hides are either disposed of with other slaughter waste or sold at a very low price. Dehairing of hides is a prerequisite for either leather or gelatin production from it. Therefore, the effect of hide dehairing method on subsequent gelatin extraction and quality was investigated.Methods Bovine hides (BH) were dehaired using either 5% acetic acid (AA), 10% calcium hydroxide (CH), 0.02% keratinase (KTN), 2.5% papain (PP), or not at all (control; CT), with control BH subsequently treated with 5% AA (CTAA).Results Mean bovine hide gelatin (BHG) yields (dry basis) were 11.37%, 54.25%, 45.07%, 18.88% and 55.02% for CT, AA, CTAA, CH, and KTN, respectively. Gel strength was highest in AA followed by the CTAA, CT and CH and KTN treatments. The molecular weight (MW) distribution pattern showed that dehairing of BH with enzymes degraded the collagen extensively, increased proportions of low MW peptides that translated into low gel strength.Conclusions Acetic acid, which is extensively using in food industry, can be used to dehair BH as pre-treatment to extracting high quality gelatin.
Prolonged COVID-19 Infection in a Patient with Multiple Sclerosis and Rituximab-Treatment
Authors: Turner Michael , Grisold Wolfgang , Wenisch Christoph , Krestan Christian , Erlacher Ludwig 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We present a prolonged disease course in a 32-year old woman with COVID-19 and multiple sclerosis on rituximab-treatment for three years. The patient was admitted to the hospital for COVID-19 and had persistent fever, cough and radiologic bilateral lung opacities over the course of 29 days. After ineffective antibiotic treatment and the detection that she had no antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 convalescent plasma was administered with rapid recovery ensuing. While there is evidence convalescent plasma is not superior to placebo for COVID-19 in general its role in patients with B-cell depletion and COVID-19 remains to be examined further.
Construction of continuously expandable single-cell atlases through integration of heterogeneous datasets in a generalized cell-embedding space
Authors: Xiong Lei , Tian Kang , Li Yuzhe , Zhang Qiangfeng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Single-cell RNA-seq and ATAC-seq analyses have been widely applied to decipher cell-type and regulation complexities. However, experimental conditions often confound biological variations when comparing data from different samples. For integrative single-cell data analysis, we have developed SCALEX, a deep generative framework that maps cells into a generalized, batch-invariant cell-embedding space. We demonstrate that SCALEX accurately and efficiently integrates heterogenous single-cell data using multiple benchmarks. It outperforms competing methods, especially for datasets with partial overlaps, accurately aligning similar cell populations while r,etaining true biological differences. We demonstrate the advantages of SCALEX by constructing continuously expandable single-cell atlases for human, mouse, and COVID-19, which were assembled from multiple data sources and can keep growing through the inclusion of new incoming data. Analyses based on these atlases revealed the complex cellular landscapes of human and mouse tissues and identified multiple peripheral immune subtypes associated with COVID-19 disease severity.