bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reproduction of greater amberjack (Seriola dumerili) and other members of the family Carangidae
Authors: Corriero Aldo , Wylie Matthew J. , Nyuji Mitsuo , Zupa Rosa , Mylonas Constantinos C. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe family Carangidae contains several species of aquaculture interest, including the amberjacks, yellowtails and trevallies. Among them, the greater amberjack (Seriola dumerili), the Japanese amberjack or yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata) and the yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi) are considered the species with the highest potential for commercial aquaculture. Understanding the reproductive physiology–biology, spawning kinetics and production characteristics in captivity are of utmost importance for the domestication of any animal, and developing broodstock management methods and therapies to optimize egg production and overcome potential reproductive dysfunctions are essential. The present article reviews the available literature on the reproductive biology of the Carangidae species of interest for the aquaculture industry, both in the wild and under farming conditions. The reproductive traits of wild and farmed fish, whenever available, were compared in order to improve the understanding of the reproductive dysfunctions occurring in captivity. Finally, the hormonal maturation and spawning induction protocols examined so far to ameliorate the reproductive dysfunctions and obtain fertile gametes are summarized, and their effectiveness in the different rearing conditions is discussed.
Ports and Environmental Justice in the United States: An Exploratory Statistical Analysis
Authors: Greenberg Michael R. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA screening environmental justice analysis was conducted of 50 United States ports that manage more than 10 million tons of products. Using the U.S. EPA's EJSCREEN tool, the author examined seven demographic and 11 environmental metrics at distances of 2, 5, and 10 miles from the port centroids. The 2‐mile zones were found to have higher values for 13 of the 18 environmental inequity indicators, including all three measures of air toxics, fine particles, proximity to hazardous waste sites, and facilities with risk management plans, as well as indicators of low socioeconomic status and minority populations. With ports expanding, the author discusses the need for maintaining and upgrading EPA's screening tool and considers that alternative futures for port neighborhoods depend upon the strength of their civic groups and elected officials, the role of their government port authorities, and civic values of their commercial users.
Ultrasound‐guided cannulation for medical students
Authors: Armson Andrew M. , Moynihan Robert , Stafford Nicholas , Jacobs Chris 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is growing recommendation to integrate ultrasound training into undergraduate medical curricula; with limited evidence of its implementation in the United Kingdom. Peripheral intravenous cannulation (PIVC) often has high failure rates—particularly for patients with difficult vascular access. Ultrasound‐guided PIVC (US‐PIVC) has been shown to increase the rates of success and may reduce dependence on seniors. Teaching US‐PIVC to senior medical students may prove a clinically valuable and feasible means of introducing ultrasound into medical programmes.MethodsWe initially surveyed 18 doctors to assess their perceptions and experience of ultrasound. Thirty‐five final‐year medical students took part in a novel US‐PIVC course. Students’ competence was assessed at the end of the session using an objective assessment. Students’ pre‐ and post‐course attitudes and confidence were evaluated using questionnaires.ResultsAll doctors surveyed reported difficulty performing PIVC since starting work: 66% on a monthly basis. None of the students (0%) and 11% of the doctors had previously received ultrasound training. By the end of the course, all students ‘agreed’ or ‘strongly agreed’ that the session was enjoyable and that they felt confident performing US‐PIVC. Thirty‐four of 35 participants attained the minimum competence standard. Students’ confidence performing PIVC, regardless of ultrasound guidance, increased significantly (p = 0.002) following the session.DiscussionAs ultrasound becomes a more readily available point‐of‐care technology, it should be considered for inclusion in the undergraduate medical curriculum. Our course appears to be an effective model of teaching US‐PIVC to final‐year medical students. Similar courses could act as a pragmatic and clinically rewarding means of implementing US‐PIVC teaching into the latter years of undergraduate curricula.
Numerical Investigations on the Leakage Flow Characteristics of Brush Seal Based on the Three-Dimensional Staggered Tube Bundle Model
Authors: Ma Dengqian , Zhang Yuanqiao , Li Zhigang , Li Jun , Yan Xin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
To accurately predict the leakage flow and resistance characteristics of brush seals, the multiblock structured mesh and the mesh motion technique are applied to the three-dimensional (3D) staggered tube bundle model of brush seals. The multiblock structured mesh can easily add nodes and set boundary layers in the interbristle gap between adjacent bristles, which can ensure good mesh quality (orthogonal angle and expansion ratio). The mesh motion technique realizes the overall axial compactness of the bristle pack. The effects of pressure ratio Rp, sealing clearance c, and bristle pack compactness on the leakage flow and resistance characteristics are investigated. To analyze the aerodynamic resistance of the brush seals, Euler number (Eu) is applied in this study. The numerical results are in good agreement with the experimental data. Thus, the accuracy of the presented numerical method is validated. For the contacting brush seal, ΔSx, i has a significant effect on the leakage flow rate reduction. For the clearance brush seal, ΔSx, i has little effect on the leakage flow rate reduction. The leakage flow passing through the sealing clearance keeps almost constant. As for aerodynamic resistance, the presence of the sealing clearance can effectively convert the pressure energy of the leakage flow into the kinetic energy. As a result, the leakage flow velocity exiting the bristle pack of the clearance brush seal is 1.5 to 2.0 times larger than that of the contacting brush seal. Although the existence of the sealing clearance obviously increases the leakage flow rate, it effectively reduces the aerodynamic forces acting on the bristles. The developed numerical approach based on the three-dimensional staggered tube bundle model and multiblock structured mesh can serve as a technical method for analysis of the sealing mechanisms of brush seals.
Strength Training Improves Exercise Economy in Triathletes During a Simulated Triathlon
Authors: Luckin-Baldwin Kate M. , Badenhorst Claire E. , Cripps Ashley J. , Landers Grant J. , Merrells Robert J. , Bulsara Max K. , Hoyne Gerard F. 
Published: February 2021

Purpose: The completion of concurrent strength and endurance training can improve exercise economy in cyclists and runners; however, the efficacy of strength training (ST) implementation to improve economy in long-distance (LD) triathletes has not yet been investigated. The purpose of this study was to investigate physiological outcomes in LD triathletes when ST was completed concurrently to endurance training. Methods: A total of 25 LD triathletes were randomly assigned to either 26 weeks of concurrent endurance and ST (n = 14) or endurance training only (n = 11). The ST program progressed from moderate (8–12 repetitions, ≤75% of 1-repetition maximum, weeks 0–12) to heavy loads (1–6 repetitions, ≥85% of 1-repetition maximum, weeks 14–26). Physiological and performance indicators (cycling and running economy, swim time, blood lactate, and heart rate) were measured during a simulated triathlon (1500-m swim, 60-min cycle, and 20-min run) at weeks 0, 14, and 26. Maximal strength and anthropometric measures (skinfolds and body mass) were also collected at these points. Results: The endurance strength group significantly improved maximal strength measures at weeks 14 and 26 (P < .05), cycling economy from weeks 0 to 14 (P < .05), and running economy from weeks 14 to 26 (P < .05) with no change in body mass (P > .05). The endurance-only group did not significantly improve any economy measures. Conclusions: The addition of progressive load ST to LD triathletes’ training programs can significantly improve running and cycling economy without an increase in body mass.
Safety and feasibility of using acellular sterile filtered amniotic fluid as a treatment for patients with COVID-19: protocol for a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial
Authors: Tonna Joseph E , Pierce Jan , Hatton Nathan , Lewis Giavonni , Phillips John D , Messina Alyssa , Skidmore Chloe R , Taylor Kirsten , Selzman Craig H 
Published: February 2021

IntroductionHuman amniotic fluid (hAF) has been shown to reduce inflammation in multiple experimental models. hAF has previously been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a human cellular and tissue product for tissue injury for human administration, and used safely in thousands of patients as a therapeutic treatment for diverse conditions. Given the profound inflammatory response observed in patients with COVID-19, and the successful completion of 10-patient pilot study of intravenous hAF, we present a trial design for a larger clinical trial of intravenous hAF for the treatment of COVID-19.Methods and analysisThis paper describes the methodology of a phase I/II randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial to determine the safety and feasibility of using acellular sterile filtered amniotic fluid as a treatment for patients with COVID-19. Primary outcome will be the change in C-reactive protein. Secondary outcomes include safety, biomarker inflammatory levels and clinically relevant outcomes at 30 days, including mortality, ventilator-free days and hospital and intensive care unit length of stay. Exploratory outcomes of health-related quality-of-life patient-reported outcomes will be collected. Hospitalised patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 will be recruited.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the University of Utah Institutional Review Board (IRB_0013292), approved by the US FDA under Investigational New Drug (No 23369) and is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. Results will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.Trial registration numberNCT04497389; Pre-results.
US hospices’ approach to racial/ethnic minority inclusion: a qualitative study
Authors: Hughes M Courtney , Vernon Erin , Kowalczyk Monica , Basco-Rodillas Marlon 
Published: February 2021

ObjectiveTo examine hospices’ approaches to improving the current racial/ethnic hospice utilisation disparity.MethodsDuring June and July 2020, we conducted in-depth, semistructured interviews with 22 hospice leaders from across the USA. The interviews focused on inclusive strategy approaches. We analysed the data using qualitative methods.ResultsMultiple themes emerged about racial/ethnic minority inclusion strategies: (1) hospices tailor strategies to the local communities they serve; (2) improvement involves addressing social determinants of health that extend beyond end-of-life care; (3) costs of strategies are not a primary concern and the benefits are worth the costs; and (4) hospices want to do more to improve their efforts.ConclusionsHospices want to improve racial/ethnic minority inclusion and can take specific action steps to educate community members about hospice and provide an environment within hospice care that is welcoming to all. Hospice-targeted programmes and policies that facilitate language translation, diversity in staffing, enhanced community outreach, and leadership and staff collaboration regarding inclusion may help hospices achieve success in their efforts toward racial/ethnic minority inclusion.
m6A modification patterns and tumor immune landscape in clear cell renal carcinoma
Authors: Zhong Jiehui , Liu Zezhen , Cai Chao , Duan Xiaolu , Deng Tuo , Zeng Guohua 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundRecent studies have focused on the correlation between N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification and specific tumor-infiltrating immune cells. However, the potential roles of m6A modification in the tumor immune landscape remain elusive.MethodsWe comprehensively evaluated the m6A modification patterns and tumor immune landscape of 513 clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) patients, and correlated the m6A modification patterns with the immune landscape. The m6Ascore was established using principal component analysis. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to evaluate the prognostic value of the m6Ascore.ResultsWe identified three m6Aclusters—characterized by differences in Th17 signature, extent of intratumor heterogeneity, overall cell proliferation, aneuploidy, expression of immunomodulatory genes, overall somatic copy number alterations, and prognosis. The m6Ascore was established to quantify the m6A modification pattern of individual ccRCC patients. Further analyses revealed that the m6Ascore was an independent prognostic factor of ccRCC. Finally, we verified the prognostic value of the m6Ascore in the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) blockade therapy of patients with advanced ccRCC.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated the correlation between m6A modification and the tumor immune landscape in ccRCC. The comprehensive evaluation of m6A modification patterns in individual ccRCC patients enhances our understanding of the tumor immune landscape and provides a new approach toward new and improved immunotherapeutic strategies for ccRCC patients.
First-phase ejection fraction: association with remodelling and outcome in aortic valve stenosis
Authors: Carter-Storch Rasmus , Mogensen Nils Sofus Borg , Christensen Nicolaj Lyhne , Ali Mulham , Laursen Kristian Bach , Pellikka Patricia A , Moller Jacob Eifer , Dahl Jordi S 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundFirst-phase ejection fraction (EF1), the left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) until the time of peak transaortic velocity, is a novel marker of subclinical LV dysfunction able to predict adverse events in aortic stenosis (AS). This study investigated the association between end-systolic wall stress (ESWS) and EF1 in severe AS, as well as the prognostic value of EF1 in severe asymptomatic AS.MethodsTwo prospectively gathered cohorts of 94 asymptomatic patients and 108 symptomatic patients scheduled for aortic valve replacement (AVR), all with severe AS (aortic valve area <1 cm2) were stratified according to the median value of EF1 (33%). EF1 was defined as the EF at peak transaortic velocity. Asymptomatic patients were followed up for 3 years for the combined end-point of death, AVR or admission with heart failure.ResultsEF1 correlated with EF and was inversely associated with ESWS. In multivariate regression analysis, ESWS (p<0.001) and replacement fibrosis measured by MRI (p=0.02) were associated with EF1. Among asymptomatic patients, EF1 above the median was associated with the combined primary endpoint (HR=0.53 (95% CI 0.33 to 0.87)), while global longitudinal strain and EF were not. Among 42 patients with discordant AS (mean gradient <40 mm Hg), EF1 above median was associated with the primary endpoint (HR 0.28 (95% CI 0.12 to 0.61)).ConclusionEF1 is an afterload-dependent measure that is associated with events in patients with asymptomatic severe AS. The afterload dependency of EF1 may be useful in timing of risk stratification in patients with discordant AS.Trial registration numbersNCT02395107andNCT02316587.
Pathophysiology of acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection: a systematic literature review to inform EULAR points to consider
Authors: Najm Aurélie , Alunno Alessia , Mariette Xavier , Terrier Benjamin , De Marco Gabriele , Emmel Jenny , Mason Laura , McGonagle Dennis G , Machado Pedro M 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundThe SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is a global health problem. Beside the specific pathogenic effect of SARS-CoV-2, incompletely understood deleterious and aberrant host immune responses play critical roles in severe disease. Our objective was to summarise the available information on the pathophysiology of COVID-19.MethodsTwo reviewers independently identified eligible studies according to the following PICO framework: P (population): patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection; I (intervention): any intervention/no intervention; C (comparator): any comparator; O (outcome) any clinical or serological outcome including but not limited to immune cell phenotype and function and serum cytokine concentration.ResultsOf the 55 496 records yielded, 84 articles were eligible for inclusion according to question-specific research criteria. Proinflammatory cytokine expression, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), was increased, especially in severe COVID-19, although not as high as other states with severe systemic inflammation. The myeloid and lymphoid compartments were differentially affected by SARS-CoV-2 infection depending on disease phenotype. Failure to maintain high interferon (IFN) levels was characteristic of severe forms of COVID-19 and could be related to loss-of-function mutations in the IFN pathway and/or the presence of anti-IFN antibodies. Antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 infection showed a high variability across individuals and disease spectrum. Multiparametric algorithms showed variable diagnostic performances in predicting survival, hospitalisation, disease progression or severity, and mortality.ConclusionsSARS-CoV-2 infection affects both humoral and cellular immunity depending on both disease severity and individual parameters. This systematic literature review informed the EULAR ‘points to consider’ on COVID-19 pathophysiology and immunomodulatory therapies.
O feminismo de Sarita: limiar, dialética e interseccionalidade em De Cierta Manera
Authors: Mesquita Cláudia , Veiga Roberta 
Published: February 2021

Retomamos o primeiro longa-metragem dirigido por uma mulher negra em Cuba, De cierta manera (1974-1977), de Sara Gómez, apostando na dialética e na potência da separação (ficção, documentário) como condições de expressão de um cinema político engajado na transformação sócio-histórica e na produção de consciência crítica. Concebemos a dialética e a figura da limiaridade a partir de três pares fundamentais que se desmembram e se atravessam: ficção-documentário, que estrutura o mecanismo do filme; revolução-marginalização, fundante do argumento e assumido como temática central; e o par machismo-feminismo, que analisamos mais detidamente a partir da narrativa, do mise-en-scène e da montagem.
Roles of Thromboxane Receptor Signaling in Enhancement of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Lymphangiogenesis and Lymphatic Drainage Function in Diaphragm
Authors: Matsuda Hiromi , Ito Yoshiya , Hosono Kanako , Tsuru Seri , Inoue Tomoyoshi , Nakamoto Shuji , Kurashige Chie , Hirashima Masanori , Narumiya Shuh , Okamoto Hirotsugu , Majima Masataka 
Published: February 2021

Objective:

Thromboxane is an arachidonic acid metabolite that exerts its actions through a G-protein–coupled receptor with 7 transmembrane domains. Although an arachidonic acid metabolite, prostaglandin E
2
was reported to enhance lymphangiogenesis, little is known on other arachidonic acid metabolites. In the present study, we investigated the roles of TP (thromboxane prostanoid) signaling in facilitating lymphangiogenesis during inflammation.

Approach and Results:

Inflammation was induced by repeated intraperitoneal injections of lipopolysaccharide, and lymphangiogenesis essential for draining peritoneal fluids was estimated in the diaphragm. Lipopolysaccharide induced lymphangiogenesis in the diaphragm in a time-dependent manner in wild-type mice. Compared with wild-type mice, lipopolysaccharide-induced lymphangiogenesis in
Tp
-deficient (
Tp
−/−
) mouse diaphragm tissues was suppressed, and this was accompanied by reduced drainage function from the peritoneal cavity. TP-positive macrophages and T cells were accumulated in the diaphragm and produced VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor)-C and VEGF-D in a TP-dependent manner. Removal of macrophages and T cells resulted in reduced lymphangiogenesis and lowered expressions of VEGF-C and VEGF-D. Furthermore,
Tp
−/−
bone marrow chimeric mice exhibited reduced lymphangiogenesis.
Tp
knockout specific to macrophages and T cells also led to reduced lymphangiogenesis and drainage function in mice with lipopolysaccharide injections.

Conclusions:
The present results suggest that TP signaling exerts prolymphangiogenic activity by acting on macrophages and T cells accumulated during inflammation and that TP signaling represents a novel target for controlling lymphangiogenesis.
Platelet Dysfunction During Mechanical Circulatory Support
Authors: Roka-Moiia Yana , Miller-Gutierrez Samuel , Palomares Daniel E. , Italiano Joseph E. , Sheriff Jawaad , Bluestein Danny , Slepian Marvin J. 
Published: February 2021

Objective:

Mechanical circulatory support has emerged as lifesaving therapy for patients with advanced heart failure. However, mechanical circulatory support remains limited by a paradoxical coagulopathy accompanied by both thrombosis and bleeding. While mechanisms of mechanical circulatory support thrombosis are increasingly defined, mechanical circulatory support-related bleeding, as related to shear-mediated alteration of platelet function, remains poorly understood. We tested the hypothesis that platelet exposure to elevated shear stress, while a defined prothrombotic activator of platelets, coordinately induces downregulation of key platelet adhesion receptors GPIb-IX-V, α
IIb
β
3
, and P-selectin, thus decreasing platelet functional responsiveness to physiological stimuli.

Approach and Results:

Human gel-filtered platelets were exposed to continuous or pulsatile shear stress in vitro. Surface expression of platelet receptors and platelet-derived microparticle generation were quantified by flow cytometry. Shedding of receptor soluble forms were assessed via ELISA, and platelet aggregation was measured by optical aggregometry. We demonstrate that platelet exposure to elevated shear stress led to a downregulation of GPIb and α
IIb
β
3
receptors on platelets with a progressive increase in the generation of platelet-derived microparticles expressing elevated levels of α
IIb
β
3
and GPIb on their surface. No shear-mediated shedding of GPIb and β
3
subunit soluble fragments was detected. Soluble P-selectin was extensively shed from platelets, while surface expression of P-selectin on platelets was not significantly altered by shear. Shear-mediated downregulation of GPIb and α
IIb
β
3
on platelets was associated with an evident decrease of platelet aggregatory response induced by ADP and TRAP 6 (thrombin receptor activating peptide 6).

Conclusions:
Our data clearly indicate that accumulation of shear stress, consistent with supraphysiologic conditions characterizing device-supported circulation (1) induces adequate platelet degranulation, yet (2) causes downregulation of primary platelet adhesion receptors via ejection of receptor-enriched platelet-derived microparticles, thus mechanistically limiting platelet activation and the aggregatory response.