bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Trapping Survey Targeting Head-Started Alligator Snapping Turtles in Southwest Louisiana
Authors: Glorioso Brad M. , Muse Lindy J. , Hillard Cory J. , Maldonado Brittany R. , Streeter Jared , Battaglia Charles D. , Waddle J. Hardin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe alligator snapping turtle Macrochelys temminckii is the largest freshwater turtle in North America and humans seek it as a food source, primarily in Louisiana. Scientists point to decades of intensive commercial harvest of alligator snapping turtles as a cause of population declines. The Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries initiated a head-start program for alligator snapping turtles and released 53 head-started juveniles at seven sites along an approximately 5.7-km stretch of Bundick Creek in southwest Louisiana between November 2015 and October 2016. Before release, department personnel measured, weighed, and marked all alligator snapping turtles with both an internal passive integrated transponder tag and a numbered external tag. In 2018, the U.S. Geological Survey initiated a turtle trapping survey at those seven release sites targeting the head-started alligator snapping turtles. In 1 wk of trapping effort at each site, we recorded 69 turtle captures comprising seven species, including 15 alligator snapping turtles (representing 12 individuals). Of those 12 individuals, 8 were head-started juveniles and 4 were native to the creek. A landowner captured an additional head-started juvenile alligator snapping turtle during our trapping and we took measurements before its release. A minimum of 17% of head-started alligator snapping turtles survived since release, and we trapped most captured head-started individuals near their release site; the captured individuals exhibited growth consistent with other studies, indicating acclimatization to their new environment. Three head-started alligator snapping turtles had their external tags entangled in the net mesh, and two of these turtles drowned. An additional two head-started individuals lost their external tags in the natural environment prior to their capture in this study. The Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries discontinued the use of external tags based on our findings, as these tags were detrimental to the health of head-started turtles.
Rapid Assessment of Habitat Quality for Nonbreeding Ducks in Northeast Colorado
Authors: Behney Adam C. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe ability to assess habitat quality for wildlife is important for evaluating the effectiveness of, or need for, habitat management. Habitat assessment methods generally involve a tradeoff between usability and explanatory power and finding the optimal balance can be challenging. In 2013, Colorado Parks and Wildlife developed a habitat quality rapid assessment method for dabbling ducks (Anatidae) that field personnel used to evaluate wetland management projects. The assessment involves six multiple-choice questions related to vegetation and wetland structure and is designed to be used by people with little wetland ecology training. I tested the ability of the assessment to predict duck density and food availability at 44 sites in northeastern Colorado. I found that the procedure explained 10–22% of the variability in food availability and was not a good predictor of duck density. By altering the grouping of answers as well as the weight of each question, score associated with each answer, and substituting a new question relating to percentage of coverage of duck food–producing plants, the ability of the assessment to explain food availability increased to 30%. Overall, the assessment may be sufficient for relative indication of habitat quality, but if wildlife managers desire precise predictions, further refinement is necessary.
Survey for Morro Bay Kangaroo Rat: A Rare Mammal of Uncertain Status
Authors: Villablanca Francis X. , Kofron Christopher P. , Oliver Lauralea , Walgren Michael J. , Andreano Lisa E. , Thiel Alexandra 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe Morro Bay kangaroo rat Dipodomys heermanni morroensis is a small, nocturnal, burrowing rodent endemic to the vicinity of Morro Bay in San Luis Obispo County, California. It was listed as endangered pursuant to the U.S. Endangered Species Act in 1973. Despite many searches over three decades, the Morro Bay kangaroo rat has not been captured or sighted in the wild since 1986. While recognizing that the Morro Bay kangaroo rat may be extinct, two of us in a previous paper also speculated it may be persisting at extremely low density in isolated colonies and recommended surveying with wildlife scent-detection dogs and baited camera traps. We searched with a wildlife scent-detection dog and baited camera traps in four historically occupied areas and detected no Morro Bay kangaroo rats. Unfortunately, our data combined with all other existing data do not allow us to conclude whether the Morro Bay kangaroo rat is extinct or extant. Essentially, the International Union for the Conservation of Nature international standard has not been met to make a definitive determination of extinction. That is, a species should be considered extinct only when there is no reasonable doubt that the last individual has died. We acknowledge that because of resource limitation we surveyed only a small sample of the numerous patches of habitat in the expansive landscape. Further, we now consider the Morro Bay sand spit (total area 4.35 km2, foredunes 3.75 km2), a peripheral area, as potentially part of the geographic range with suitable habitat, and it has never been searched. Therefore, considering all available information, we conclude that the Morro Bay kangaroo rat must be considered as possibly extant. We recommend that search efforts continue in several specific areas, including the Morro Bay sand spit. If the Morro Bay kangaroo rat still exists, it will be challenging and difficult to rediscover because of its likely low density and patchy distribution in the expansive landscape, combined with its small size, nocturnal nature, and secretive lifestyle.
Genre et inégalité de revenu : le cas des annonces de cours particuliers sur internet
Authors: Lévêque Christophe , Cavallaro Matteo 
Published: January 2021

Nous utilisons une étude de cas – les annonces de cours particuliers proposées sur internet – afin de mettre en lumière les disparités de genre sur le marché du travail. Ces annonces présentent un avantage analytique précieux : c’est l’annonceur qui choisit le prix de mise sur le marché de son cours. Celui-ci nous renseigne donc sur les anticipations des offreurs quant à la qualité de leur service et leurs capacités à trouver des acheteurs en amont de toutes négociations. Notamment, nous suggérons que ce prix permet d’observer si les différences d’attitudes ou de confiance en leurs capacités constatées entre hommes et femmes durant des expériences en laboratoire (Beyer, 1990, 1999a, 1999b) et suspectées de contribuer aux inégalités salariales sur le marché du travail sont observables sur un marché réel. Nos résultats indiquent (a) une différence de prix proposé entre annonces rédigées au féminin et celles non genrées. (b) Cette différence s’explique en partie mais ne se réduit pas à une segmentation par matière du marché des cours particuliers. Nous suggérons que les femmes se spécialisent souvent sur des segments moins rémunérateurs de ce marché, notamment le soutien scolaire, en particulier à destination d’élèves de primaire ou de collège.Classification JEL : D49, D91, J16, L84.
A comparative study of cooperation models in city council and municipalities with the health system in Iran and selected countries
Authors: Khodadadi Najmeh , Aryankhesal Aidin , Maleki Mohammadreza 
Published: January 2021

AIM:
This study aimed to identify models for the participation of the city council and municipality with the health system in selected countries.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS:
This is a descriptive comparative study conducted in 2020 qualitatively. The countries studied were examined in terms of the following characteristics: type of political structure, type of health system, level of cooperation between local government and health system, municipal financing, type of financial participation of local government and health system, method or institution for participation Created, level of participation, local government influence on health system decisions, advantages and disadvantages of a partnership between local government and health system. Data were collected through valid databases (PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Google Search engine) and website of the World Health Organization, local government, and the Ministry of Health of countries concerned and analyzed in a framework of analysis.

RESULTS:
Countries were divided into two groups in terms of a partnership between the health system and local governments, which had a distinct partnership between the health system and local government and without their participation. Factors that contribute to the creating and strengthening of partnerships include beliefs of health authorities and local government, the need for participation, transparency in participatory programs, designing a specific mechanism for participation, local authority, and financing joint participation plans.

CONCLUSION:
In countries with planned participation, citizens have better access to services. Citizens' participation, as well as the private sector, is greater in health issues. In these countries, participation in health financing by the private sector and other related agencies has increased. Planning and service delivery increases according to neighborhood needs. The variety of services provided and the use of new methods of service are more, and in these countries, the focus of the Ministry of Health on the preparation of strategies and monitoring the quality of services is increasing.
Analysis of feedback from first-year undergraduate medical students who attended foundation course at a teaching institution in South India
Authors: James Tinju , Ajith Thekkuttuparambil Ananthanarayanan , Joson Donia , Thomas Betsy 
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND:
Medical Council of India has suggested competency-based curriculum for undergraduate students to make it learner centric. One-month “Foundation course” was introduced at the beginning of the course to promote better adaptation to the new curriculum. A cross-sectional study was conducted to analyze the feedback from students who attended the foundation course.

MATERIALS And METHODS:
All first-year Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery students who underwent 1-month foundation course were included in the study. The course was conducted in six modules. All the sessions were handled by efficient resource people and conducted in an interactive manner. A form in which response against each topic/talk was graded as average, good, or excellent was used to obtain the feedback. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences 16 software. Responses among various modules were subjected to Chi-square two-sided test with Yates's correction.

RESULTS:
A total of 98 students (32 males and 66 females) attended the foundation course of 21 days. Among the modules conducted, basic skill training module was scored excellent (67%) remarks, followed by sports and extracurricular activities (64.6%) (P = 0.8806). Among the skill training module, both basic life support training and first aid on medicine/pediatrics achieved 92% excellent score. One of the orientation module sessions, research methodology, scored least. The descending order of excellent remarks was skill module > sports and extracurricular activities > field visit to the community and primary health center > orientation modules > enhancement of language.

CONCLUSION:
Attention should be given to include more topics concerned to the modules of skill training and extracurricular activities in upcoming years. Foundation courses can increase the confidence and better adaptability of the students toward a new environment.
The association between social support and psychological factors with health-promoting behaviours in pregnant women
Authors: Rashan Nasrin , Sharifi Nasibeh , Fathnezhad-Kazemi Azita , Golnazari Khadijeh , Taheri Safoura 
Published: January 2021

INTRODUCTION:
Health promotion is one of the most important aspects in pregnancy, and health-promoting behaviors are one of the major determinants of health under the influence of various factors. This study aimed to determine the association between social support and psychological factors with health-promoting behaviors in pregnant women.

MATERIALS And METHODS:
This cross-sectional was performed on 375 pregnant women when they had 24–28 weeks in Ilam, October 2018 to May 2019. Two-stage cluster sampling was performed after checking the inclusion criteria. Data collection tools consisted of four questionnaires that were completed in self-report form. The collected data were analyzed by the descriptive and inferential tests with the SPSS software version 19.

RESULTS:
The mean score of health-promoting behaviors was 139.87 (21.26) and self-healing and physical activity had the highest and the lowest mean 27.67 (4.84) and 16.29 (4.84), respectively. Linear regression analysis showed a significant difference between different level of stress, anxiety, depression, and social support with health-promoting behaviors (P < 0.001). The results showed that one-point increase in the score of stress, anxiety, and depression led to the 2.2%, 6.1%, and 24.1% reduction of health-promoting behaviors, respectively, and one-point score increase in social support resulted in 40% increase in health-promoting behaviors (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION:
A negative association was found between psychological factors and a positive relationship with health-promoting behaviors. Although perceived moderate health promotion behaviors and perceived social support were moderate, they did not have a good status in terms of psychological factors. Given awareness of the issues under study in each region is essential and planning to improve stress, anxiety, and depression, as well as promoting and correcting inappropriate behaviors through planned interventions are required.
Role of written examination in the assessment of attitude ethics and communication in medical students
Authors: Ghosh Arindam , Bir Aritri 
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND:
The study aims to record the perceptions of medical faculties regarding the effectiveness of theory-based examination to assess the newly introduced competencies of attitude ethics and communication (AETCOM) in the competency-based medical curriculum for Indian medical graduates.

MATERIALS And METHODS:
This is an analytical cross-sectional study performed on the month of February 2020 where a prevalidated questionnaire consisting of components of AETCOM was e-mailed to the teaching faculties of IQ City Medical College via Google Forms. Consenting faculties responded. Their results were analyzed by inbuilt Google statistics and were cross-verified with SPSS 20.0.

RESULTS:
Sixty percent faculties strongly agree regarding the beneficial role of mandatory inclusion of AETCOM competencies in competency-based medical education. About 61.66% of faculties strongly agree that both formative assessment and summative assessment of AETCOM are essential. Although 48.33% of faculties believed that theoretical questions can be used to assess AETCOM, 51.66% of faculties do not agree that theory examination serves as an effective tool to assess AETCOM. They believe that AETCOM cannot be written on paper and attitude can change in reality when facing a real-world clinical scenario in contrast to what is written in answer script during creative writing.

CONCLUSIONS:
Assessment of AETCOM is essential and it should be preferably done via a practical approach in a real-world simulated scenario and not by written theoretical examination.
Effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy on self-criticism of the women applying for divorce
Authors: Shavandi Hasan , Veshki Sahar Khanjani 
Published: January 2021

INTRODUCTION:
Making decision for separation from the spouse is one of the crises which are followed by unpleasant feelings such as self-criticism in the people. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy (CFT) on self-criticism of the women applying for divorce.

MATERIALS And METHODS:
The research design was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest, and control group type. The population included all the women applying for divorce who referred to an intervention-in-crisis center under the supervision of the organization of well-being in the city of Tehran in 2019. It had the convenient sampling method where the subjects were accommodated into two groups of fifteen women both in the experimental and control groups. The present study had the convenient nonrandom sampling method and the statistical population included 30 women from whom 15 women were accommodated into experimental group and so were 15 in the control group. Sampling method was in available, nonrandom type wherein 15 women were accommodated in the experimental group and so were 15 women in the control group. The experimental group participated in eight 90-min sessions of CFT and the control group did not receive any intervention. Before and after practical experimental administration, both the groups were assessed through self-criticism questionnaire by Smart et al. (2016). The statistical method used in the data analysis was ANCOVA.

RESULTS:
The results showed that at the error level of 0.5, after controlling the effect of pretest scores as a covariance factor, the mean of the experimental group was significantly lower than the mean of the control group, which shows that CFT approach has been effective in reducing self-criticism.

CONCLUSION:
As a result, CFT approach can help the people who face the crisis of making decision for divorce and self-criticism to be able to confront this issue effectively and achieve mental health.
Recognition of factors affecting the use of volunteer clinical forces in hospitals in Tehran
Authors: Hasani Mahdi , Gorji Hassan Abolghasem , Panahi Sirous 
Published: January 2021

INTRODUCTION:
Volunteers are valuable human resources for service-providing organizations. Health system requires their participation and cooperation in all sectors to achieve more success. The present study was conducted to recognize factors influencing the use of volunteer clinical forces (VCFs) in Tehran hospitals from 2018 to 2020.

METHODS:
This is a qualitative study, based on grounded theory approach, and was done through semi-structured interviews. The studied population included the experts, managers of hospitals, and high-ranking managers in the Ministry of Health, Iranian Red Crescent Organization, and health nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). Nineteen persons were selected by purposeful sampling method and interviewed. The achieved data were analyzed by content analysis method.

RESULTS:
The results showed that using VCFs in Tehran's hospitals was affected by eight following factors: organizational, legal, policy-making, economic, social, security, personal, and cultural dimensions. These findings illustrated the necessity of making changes in the structures, the rules, and the culture of health system to fit the bases with new approaches.

CONCLUSION:
VCFs amplify the quality and structure of service providing for patients in hospitals. The focus of policymakers and high-ranking managers in health system is on accelerating their use permanently and legally. Developing health-centered NGOs facilitates the access to VCF, lessens nonclinical loads of hospitals, and improves the organization of human forces. The experiences and knowledge of VCFs cause to develop hospitals' resilience, develop social participation, and improve social capitals in medical field.
Restrictors of the effectiveness of diabetes self-management education
Authors: Yazdani Faridokht , Abazari Parvaneh , Haghani Fariba , Iraj Bijan 
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND:
A key step for improving the effectiveness of diabetes self-management education (DSME) is to identify its restrictors.

OBJECTIVES:
The aim of this study was to explore the restrictors of the effectiveness of DSME.

METHODS:
This descriptive qualitative study was conducted in March 2016–2017. Participants were 16 DSME providers (viz., physicians, nurses, nutritionists, and psychologists) and nine DSME receivers (viz., patients and their family members) – 25 in total. Semi-structured interviews were held for data collection. Interviews were transcribed word by word and analyzed through conventional content analysis approach proposed by Graneheim and Lundman.

RESULTS:
The restrictors of the effectiveness of DSME were categorized into three main categories and 11 subcategories, namely patients' limited welcoming of DSME classes (allocating limited time for participation in DSME classes, inadequate knowledge about diabetes mellitus [DM] importance, inappropriate educational environment, and financial problems), unfavorable adherence to treatments: serious challenge (inattention to educations, poor motivation for adherence to medical recommendations, and inattention to the psychological aspects of DM), and the difficulty of adult education (the difficulty of changing health-related attitudes and behaviors, mere information delivery during education, adults' physical and perceptual limitations, and diabetes educators' limited competence in adult education).

CONCLUSION:
The findings of the present study provide an in-depth understanding about the restrictors of the effectiveness of DSME. DM management authorities and policymakers can use these findings to develop strategies for improving the effectiveness of DSME.
Oral health practitioners’ knowledge, attitude, and awareness about coronavirus
Authors: Jafari Abdosaleh , Mohammadpour Mohammadtaghi , Ghanbarzadegan Arash , Rossi-Fedele Giampiero , Bastani Peivand 
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND:
Oral health practitioners are at the frontline of infection, particularly with respiratory viruses such as the novel coronavirus. Knowledge, awareness, and attitude of these workers are considered important in preventing and controlling the outbreak. This study aims to review the literature to provide a better understanding of the status of dentists and other oral health practitioners' knowledge, attitude, and awareness about COVID-19.

METHODS:
A systematic review was conducted through Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and ProQuest up to May 6, 2020. All the knowledge, attitude, and practice studies on oral health workers about respiratory contagious outbreak the same as severe acute respiratory syndrome, Middle East respiratory syndrome, and COVID-19 were included in the meta-analysis.

RESULTS:
A total of eleven studies were included in the meta-analysis. 85.5% of the dentists and oral health practitioners had a high level of awareness about virus transmission modes (95% confidence interval [CI]: 78.6%–92.4%; P < 0.001). 80.7% of the oral health practitioners gave right answers to the questions related to virus transmission modes (95% CI: 69.9%–91.4%; P < 0.001), and 79.9% of the dentists had a positive attitude about virus transmission modes (95% CI: 66.4%–93.4%; P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION:
This meta-analysis shows that the level of dentists and oral health practitioners' knowledge, awareness, and attitude was relatively high about the respiratory contagious diseases as well as COVID-19. The present results can shed further light for policymakers to support the best evidence medical education for all health-care workers the same as oral health practitioners. Preventing the dissemination of misinformation along with preparing comprehensive guidelines can be considered by the oral health policymakers, particularly in the more infected regions.