bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measurement Invariance of the SOC-13 Sense of Coherence Scale Across	Gender and Age Groups
Authors: Grevenstein Dennis , Bluemke Matthias 
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Sense of coherence (SOC) describes an individual’s ability to deal with life challenges (manageability), comprehend the environment (comprehensibility), and perceive life and its challenges as meaningful (meaningfulness). We examine measurement invariance (MI) of the SOC-13 scale across gender and age groups in a matched sample of N = 1,816 (50% females; age range 16–83 years). A two-factor model, with a common factor for manageability/comprehensibility items and a second factor for meaningfulness items, best represented the SOC-13 in all groups. Full metric, partial scalar, and full strict invariance held across gender groups. Across age groups, full metric, partial scalar, and partial strict invariance could be established. We conclude that SOC-13 is a reliable and valid measure. Measurement is comparable across gender and age.
Adolescents at a Distance
Authors: Cavicchiolo Elisa , Manganelli Sara , Girelli Laura , Cozzolino Mauro , Lucidi Fabio , Alivernini Fabio 
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Background: In many countries, physical distancing is seen as one of the crucial preventive measures for limiting the COVID-19 pandemic. However, it is likely to be very difficult to ensure that adolescents keep apart from one another since peer interactions are extremely significant for them. Aims: We examined the utility of the Theory of Planned Behavior enhanced with a construct of the Protection Motivation Theory for predicting physical distancing behavior among adolescents during the period following the national lockdown imposed in Italy to tackle the pandemic. Method: Measures of attitude, subjective norm, perceptions of behavioral control, perceptions of threat regarding personal health and the health of loved ones, and intention were administered to the participants ( N = 363) at baseline. Measures of physical distancing behavior were then administered 3 weeks later ( N = 350). Results: The tested structural equation model accounted for 77% of variance in intention and 25% of variance in behavior. Perceived behavioral control and attitude were important predictors of intention and behavior, while the data did not support the hypothesized impact of perceptions of threat. Limitation: Due to the observational nature of the data caution should be taken in drawing causal inferences. Conclusion: The results suggest that programs for increasing physical distancing behavior in adolescents by concentrating exclusively on risks to their health or that of their loved ones might prove to be ineffective. Instead, it seems likely that prevention campaigns targeting adolescents will be more successful if they focus on perceived behavioral control and attitude.
Comparison of Lightning Detection Between the FY‐4A Lightning Mapping Imager and the ISS Lightning Imaging Sensor
Authors: Ni Xiang , Hui Wen , Zhang Qinghong , Huang Fuxiang , Liu Chuntao 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe Lightning Mapping Imager (LMI) onboard Fengyun‐4A (FY‐4A) is the first Chinese lightning detection sensor in geostationary orbit. This study presents the lightning characteristics observed by the FY‐4A LMI in its first year, and then observations from the Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) onboard the International Space Station (ISS) are used to validate the performance of the LMI sensor. LMI lightning events are defined by the pixel's luminosity exceeding the threshold radiance. During the first year of operation, LMI events revealed a reasonable geographical distribution. The diurnal cycles of LMI event/background/threshold radiance are in general agreement with the later afternoon peaks in previous findings. However, the LMI events that occurred around the LIS flash time and in the LMI observation field‐of‐view show a slightly delayed peak at around 1900 LST. This peak can be shifted closer to LIS's results after removing LMI events with event radiance lower than 300 , suggesting that a larger threshold radiance value is needed to qualify some of these LMI events. Finally, LIS lightning groups were matched with LMI lightning events using different temporal and spatial collocation criteria. The detection efficiency is defined by the fraction of LIS groups detected by LMI to assess LMI's performance. The LMI detection efficiency relative to LIS was found to be regionally dependent and lower in the daytime than at nighttime. These results contribute to applications of LMI lightning observations in storm research and provide suggestions for further algorithm improvement.
Comparison of MMS Observations of Foreshock Bubbles With a Global Hybrid Simulation
Authors: Lee S. H. , Sibeck D. G. , Omidi N. , Silveira M. V. D. , Giles B. L. , Torbert R. B. , Russell C. T. , Wei H. , Burch J. L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe present multi‐point observations of foreshock bubbles (FBs) for comparison with the predictions of hybrid simulations. The four Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) spacecraft observed a series of discontinuities in the region upstream from the bow shock on December 18, 2017. Two solar wind discontinuities were associated with fully developed FBs with core regions exhibiting greatly decelerated and deflected antisunward flows, significant increases in temperature, and depressed plasma densities and magnetic field strengths. A single shock lies upstream (sunward) from each of the two bubbles. The connection to the foreshock before and/or after the discontinuities can play an important role in the foreshock transient formation. We present the predictions of a 2.5‐D global hybrid simulation for the presence of the FBs for two different interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) cone angles (66° and 25°). The topology of the simulated FB is nearly hemispherical for small angles, but becomes linear for large angles. We show that the characteristics of the two simulated FBs for the two different discontinuity normals and IMF cone angles are in good agreement with the observational results.
Decrypting Magnetic Fabrics (AMS, AARM, AIRM) Through the Analysis of Mineral Shape Fabrics and Distribution Anisotropy
Authors: Mattsson Tobias , Petri Benoît , Almqvist Bjarne , McCarthy William , Burchardt Steffi , Palma J. Octavio , Hammer Øyvind , Galland Olivier 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAnisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) and anisotropy of magnetic remanence (AARM and AIRM) are efficient and versatile techniques to indirectly determine rock fabrics. Yet, deciphering the source of a magnetic fabric remains a crucial and challenging step, notably in the presence of ferrimagnetic phases. Here we use X‐ray micro‐computed tomography to directly compare mineral shape‐preferred orientation and spatial distribution fabrics to AMS, AARM and AIRM fabrics from five hypabyssal trachyandesite samples. Magnetite grains in the trachyandesite are euhedral with a mean aspect ratio of 1.44 (0.24 s.d., long/short axis), and >50% of the magnetite grains occur in clusters, and they are therefore prone to interact magnetically. Amphibole grains are prolate with magnetite in breakdown rims. We identified three components of the petrofabric that influence the AMS of the analyzed samples: The magnetite and the amphibole shape fabrics and the magnetite distribution anisotropy. Depending on their relative strength, orientation and shape, these three components interfere either constructively or destructively to produce the AMS fabric. If the three components are coaxial, the result is a relatively strongly anisotropic AMS fabric (P' = 1.079). If shape fabrics and/or magnetite distribution anisotropy are non‐coaxial, the resulting AMS is weakly anisotropic (P' = 1.012). This study thus reports quantitative petrofabric data that show the effect of magnetite distribution anisotropy on magnetic fabrics in igneous rocks, which has so far only been predicted by experimental and theoretical models. Our results have first‐order implications for the interpretation of petrofabrics using magnetic methods.
High‐Speed Spectroscopy of Lightning‐Like Discharges: Evidence of Molecular Optical Emissions
Authors: Kieu N. , Gordillo‐Vázquez F. J. , Passas M. , Sánchez J. , Pérez‐Invernón F. J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHigh speed spectra (between ∼380 nm and ∼800 nm) of meter‐long lightning‐like discharges recorded at 672,000 fps and 1,400,000 fps (with 1.488 and 0.714 μs time resolutions and 160 ns exposure time) show optical emissions of neutral hydrogen, singly ionized nitrogen, oxygen, and doubly ionized nitrogen which are similar to those found in natural lightning optical emissions. The spectra recorded in the near ultraviolet‐blue range (380–450 nm) and visible‐near infrared (475–793 nm) exhibited features of optical emissions corresponding to several molecular species (and emission bands) like cyanide radical (CN) (Violet bands), N2 (Second Positive System), N2+ (first negative system), C2 (Swan band) and CO (Quintet and Ångström bands). Molecular species can be formed at regions of the lightning‐like channel where the gas temperature would be milder and/or in the corona sheath surrounding the heated channel. We have quantified and compared electron densities and temperatures derived from different sets of neutral and ion line emissions and have found different sensitivities depending on the lines used. Temperatures derived from ion emissions are higher and change faster than those derived from neutral emissions.
Three-dimensional reconstruction of systematic histological sections: application to observations on palatal shelf elevation
Authors: Liu Weilong , Wang Xiaoming , Wang Yinuo , Wang Yahong , Zhang Jing , Shi Bing , Li Chenghao 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNormal mammalian secondary palate development undergoes a series of processes, including palatal shelf (PS) growth, elevation, adhesion and fusion, and palatal bone formation. It has been estimated that more than 90% of isolated cleft palate is caused by defects associated with the elevation process. However, because of the rapidly completed elevation process, the entire process of elevation will never be easy to clarify. In this article, we present a novel method for three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of thick tissue blocks from two-dimensional (2D) histological sections. We established multiplanar sections of the palate and tongue in coronal and sagittal directions, and further performed 3D reconstruction to observe the morphological interaction and connection between the two components prior to and during elevation. The method completes an imaging system for simultaneous morphological analysis of thick tissue samples using both synthetic and real data. The new method will provide a comprehensive picture of reorientation morphology and gene expression pattern during the palatal elevation process.
Small footprint optoelectrodes using ring resonators for passive light localization
Authors: Lanzio Vittorino , Telian Gregory , Koshelev Alexander , Micheletti Paolo , Presti Gianni , D’Arpa Elisa , De Martino Paolo , Lorenzon Monica , Denes Peter , West Melanie , Sassolini Simone , Dhuey Scott , Adesnik Hillel , Cabrini Stefano 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe combination of electrophysiology and optogenetics enables the exploration of how the brain operates down to a single neuron and its network activity. Neural probes are in vivo invasive devices that integrate sensors and stimulation sites to record and manipulate neuronal activity with high spatiotemporal resolution. State-of-the-art probes are limited by tradeoffs involving their lateral dimension, number of sensors, and ability to access independent stimulation sites. Here, we realize a highly scalable probe that features three-dimensional integration of small-footprint arrays of sensors and nanophotonic circuits to scale the density of sensors per cross-section by one order of magnitude with respect to state-of-the-art devices. For the first time, we overcome the spatial limit of the nanophotonic circuit by coupling only one waveguide to numerous optical ring resonators as passive nanophotonic switches. With this strategy, we achieve accurate on-demand light localization while avoiding spatially demanding bundles of waveguides and demonstrate the feasibility with a proof-of-concept device and its scalability towards high-resolution and low-damage neural optoelectrodes.
Exploratory drive, fear, and anxiety are dissociable and independent components in foraging mice
Authors: Heinz Daniel E. , Schöttle Vivian A. , Nemcova Paulina , Binder Florian P. , Ebert Tim , Domschke Katharina , Wotjak Carsten T. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAnxiety-like behavior of rodents is frequently accompanied by reduced exploration. Here, we identify dissociable components of anxiety, fear, and exploratory drive of sated and foraging mice. With the help of behavioral assays, including the open field task, elevated plus maze, dark–light transition task, and beetle mania task, we demonstrate a general increase in exploration by food restriction. Food-restricted mice bred for high anxiety behavior (HAB) showed ameliorated anxiety- but not fear-related behavior. By means of principal component analysis, we identified three independent components, which resemble the behavioral dimensions proposed by Gray’s Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (approach behavior, avoidance behavior, and decision making). Taken together, we demonstrate anxiolytic consequences of food restriction in a mouse model of anxiety disorders that can be dissociated from a general increase in foraging behavior.
Outcome prediction with a social cognitive battery: a multicenter longitudinal study
Authors: Brunet-Gouet Eric , Decaix-Tisserand Capucine , Urbach Mathieu , Bazin Nadine , Aouizerate Bruno , Brunel Lore , Capdevielle Delphine , Chereau Isabelle , Dubertret Caroline , Dubreucq Julien , Fond Guillaume , Lançon Christophe , Leignier Sylvain , Mallet Jasmina , Misdrahi David , Pires Sylvie , Schneider Priscille , Schurhoff Franck , Yazbek Hanan , Zinetti-Bertschy Anna , Passerieux Christine , Roux Paul 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe interest in social cognition in schizophrenia is justified by the relationship between deficits in these skills and negative functional outcomes. Although assessment batteries have already been described, there is no consensus about which measures are useful in predicting patient functioning or quality of life (QoL). We investigated a set of five measures of recognition of facial emotions, theory of mind (ToM), and empathy in a cohort of 143 patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder at inclusion and, amongst whom 79 were reassessed 1 year later. The distribution was satisfactory for the TREF (Facial Emotion Recognition Task), V-SIR (Versailles-Situational Intention Reading), and QCAE (Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy). Internal consistency was satisfactory for the TREF, V-SIR, V-Comics (Versailles Intention Attribution Task), and QCAE. Sensitivity to change was acceptable for the TREF. The TREF and V-SIR showed a cross-sectional relationship with functioning beyond the clinical symptoms of schizophrenia but not beyond neurocognition. Moreover, the TREF and V-SIR at inclusion could not predict functioning one year later, whereas most neurocognitive and clinical dimensions at inclusion could. Finally, only affective QCAE showed a significant cross-sectional, but not longitudinal, association with QoL. In conclusion, the TREF had satisfactory psychometric properties and showed a cross-sectional, but not longitudinal, association with objective outcome measures, thus appearing to be reliable in clinical practice and research. The V-SIR also showed promising psychometric properties, despite a possible weakness to detect change. However, these measures should be interpreted within the context of the good predictive power of the neurocognitive and clinical status on the outcome.
Investigating the reliability and sex differences of digit lengths, ratios, and hand measures in infants
Authors: Ernsten Luisa , Körner Lisa M. , Heil Martin , Richards Gareth , Schaal Nora K. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHands and digits tend to be sexually dimorphic and may reflect prenatal androgen exposure. In the past years, the literature introduced several hand and digit measures, but there is a lack of studies in prepubertal cohorts. The available literature reports more heterogeneous findings in prepubertal compared to postpubertal cohorts. The comparability of the available studies is further limited by the study design and different measurement techniques. The present study compared the reliability and sex differences of available hand and digit measures, namely digit lengths of 2D, 3D, 4D, 5D, digit ratios 2D:4D, 2D:5D, 3D:4D, 3D:5D, 4D:5D, relative digit lengths rel2, rel3, rel4, rel5, directional asymmetry of right and left 2D:4D (Dr-l), hand width, length, and index of 399 male and 364 female 6-month-old German infants within one study using only indirect and computer-assisted measurements. The inter-examiner reliability was excellent while the test-retest reliability of hand scans was only moderate to high. Boys exhibited longer digits as well as wider and longer hands than girls, but smaller digit ratios, with ratios comprising the fifth digit revealing the largest effect sizes. Other hand and digit ratios revealed sex differences to some extent. The findings promote the assumption of sexual dimorphic hand and digit measures. However, by comparing the results of the available literature, there remains an uncertainty regarding the underlying hypothesis. Specifically in prepubertal cohorts, i.e. before the influence of fluctuating hormones, significant effects should be expected. It seems like other factors than the influence of prenatal androgens contribute to the sexual dimorphism in hand and digit lengths.
Sensorineural hearing loss and risk of stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Khosravipour Masoud , Rajati Fatemeh 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis study was to clarify the effects of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) on the incidence of stroke. In line with this, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect databases were searched using related keywords and MeSH terms from inception to March 1, 2020. Out of the 1961 initial records, eight cohort studies comprising 4,564,202 participants were included, and their qualities were assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Then, the random-effects model was used to pool HR (95% CI) for risk of stroke; and heterogeneity was presented with I2 index. Subgroup analysis and publication bias tests were performed, and the pooled HR (95% CI) of stroke in SNHL was estimated as 1.31 (1.08, 1.53) for the unadjusted model and 1.33 (1.18, 1.49) for the adjusted model. Subgroup analysis indicates a significantly higher risk of stroke in patients with sudden SNHL (SSNHL) in comparison to age-related HL (ARHL) both in the unadjusted model, [HR = 1.46; 95% CI (1.08, 1.63)] versus [HR = 1.14; 95% CI (0.64, 1.65)], and in the adjusted model, [HR = 1.44; 95% CI (1.15, 1.74)] versus [HR = 1.29; 95% CI (1.24, 1.34)]. Our study showed that patients with SNHL face a higher risk of stroke than those without SNHL. It is necessary to perform hematologic and neurological examinations to help clinicians detect patients who are potentially at risk for stroke.
Heatline visualization of MHD natural convection heat transfer of nanofluid in a prismatic enclosure
Authors: Islam Tarikul , Alam Md. Nur , Asjad Muhammad Imran , Parveen Nazma , Chu Yu-Ming 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTemperature transfer by virtue of natural convection for visualizing heat transport characteristics through heatline method within a prismatic cavity filled with Cu-H2O nanofluid considering two different temperature boundary conditions is performed numerically. Two top inclined walls are warmed-up at low temperature whilst the bottom wall is heated two different heated conditions such as uniform temperature condition and linear temperature condition. Two vertical walls are insulated. Finite element technique of Galerkin weighted residual form is employed for solving nonlinear partial differential equations for numerical calculation. Heatlines, isotherm contours, streamline contours, and Nusselt number are employed for displaying numerical simulated results for the model parameters entitled nanoparticles volume fraction, Hartmann number and Rayleigh number. The outcomes indicate that heat transfer rate has a significant impact on thermal boundary condition and shape of the nanoparticles. The temperature transfer value enhances significantly for higher Rayleigh number as well as nanoparticles volume fraction. Hartmann number has a positive impact on fluid flow and temperature transport. The characteristics of heat transport using heatlines method are also performed for predicting the better energy transform compared to isotherm contours. In addition, different types of nanofluids are also employed to examine the best heat transport performance.
Coalescence dynamics in oil-in-water emulsions at elevated temperatures
Authors: Bera Bijoy , Khazal Rama , Schroën Karin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEmulsion stability in a flow field is an extremely important issue relevant for many daily-life applications such as separation processes, food manufacturing, oil recovery etc. Microfluidic studies can provide micro-scale insight of the emulsion behavior but have primarily focussed on droplet breakup rather than on droplet coalescence. The crucial impact of certain conditions such as increased pressure or elevated temperature frequently used in industrial processes is completely overlooked in such micro-scale studies. In this work, we investigate droplet coalescence in flowing oil-in-water emulsions subjected to higher than room temperatures namely between 20 to 70 $$^{\circ }$$∘C. We use a specifically designed lab-on-a-chip application for this purpose. Coalescence frequency is observed to increase with increasing temperature. We associate with this observation the change in viscosity at higher temperatures triggering a stronger perturbation in the thin aqueous film separating the droplets. Using the scaling law for rupture time of such a thin film, we establish a mechanism leading to a higher coalescence frequency at elevated temperatures.