bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Light modulated cnidocyte discharge predates the origins of eyes in Cnidaria
Authors: Picciani Natasha , Kerlin Jamie R. , Jindrich Katia , Hensley Nicholai M. , Gold David A. , Oakley Todd H. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractComplex biological traits often originate by integrating previously separate parts, but the organismal functions of these precursors are challenging to infer. If we can understand the ancestral functions of these precursors, it could help explain how they persisted and how they facilitated the origins of complex traits. Animal eyes are some of the best studied complex traits, and they include many parts, such as opsin‐based photoreceptor cells, pigment cells, and lens cells. Eye evolution is understood through conceptual models that argue these parts gradually came together to support increasingly sophisticated visual functions. Despite the well‐accepted logic of these conceptual models, explicit comparative studies to identify organismal functions of eye precursors are lacking. Here, we investigate how precursors functioned before they became part of eyes in Cnidaria, a group formed by sea anemones, corals, and jellyfish. Specifically, we test whether ancestral photoreceptor cells regulated the discharge of cnidocytes, the expensive single‐use cells with various functions including prey capture, locomotion, and protection. Similar to a previous study of Hydra, we show an additional four distantly related cnidarian groups discharge significantly more cnidocytes when exposed to dim blue light compared with bright blue light. Our comparative analyses support the hypothesis that the cnidarian ancestor was capable of modulating cnidocyte discharge with light, which we speculate uses an opsin‐based phototransduction pathway homologous to that previously described in Hydra. Although eye precursors might have had other functions like regulating timing of spawning, our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that photoreceptor cells which mediate cnidocyte discharge predated eyes, perhaps facilitating the prolific origination of eyes in Cnidaria.
Polarization in attitudes towards refugees and migrants in the Netherlands
Authors: Albada Katja , Hansen Nina , Otten Sabine 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis research investigated whether and to what extent Dutch society is polarized in its attitudes towards refugees and migrants. We further investigated what factors were linked to polarization by testing an integrated three‐dimensional model. A latent profile analysis of a representative Dutch sample (N = 1897) suggested that society is indeed polarized, with two substantial groups—anti (16.5%) and pro (18.7%)—at opposite ends. The middle was also divided into people with critical (31.8%) and lenient (33%) attitudes. The three dimensions of our model, (1) the individual and social self (education, political orientation, relative deprivation), (2) perceptions and experience regarding refugees and migrants (perceived cultural distance and contact), and (3) the societal context (societal discontent), were all significantly associated with polarized attitudes. Interestingly, perceived cultural distance from Islam was most strongly linked to polarized attitudes. Organizing different factors into an integrated model offers new insights into the complexity of polarization in society.
Spherical‐matching hyperbolic‐array photoacoustic computed tomography
Authors: Duan Yihao , Cheng Zhongwen , Qiu Tengsen , Wen Liewei , Xiong Kedi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLinear‐array photoacoustic computed tomography (LA‐PACT), for its flexibility and simplicity, has great potential in providing anatomical and functional information of tissues. However, the limited coverage view impedes the LA‐PACT obtaining high‐quality images. In this study, a photoacoustic tomographic system with a hyperbolic‐array transducer was developed for stereoscopic PA imaging of carotid artery. The hyperbolic‐array PACT increases the receiving sensitivity for PA signal detection due to its transducer's geometric structure matching with the spherical wave. The control phantom experiment shows that the proposed system can expand the angular coverage of ∼1/3 more than that of the LA‐PACT system, and the volumetric PA images of rat's carotid artery demonstrates the potential of the system for carotid artery imaging. Furthermore, volumetric imaging of the human forearm verifies that the system has significant capability in human imaging, which indicates that it has bright prospect for assisting diagnosis in the vascular disease.
Differentially expressed proteins obtained by label‐free quantitative proteomic analysis reveal affected biological processes and functions in Western diet‐induced steatohepatitis
Authors: Moreto Fernando , Ferron Artur J. T. , Francisqueti‐Ferron Fabiane V. , D'Amato Alfonsina , Garcia Jessica L. , Costa Mariane R. , Silva Carol Cristina V. A. , Altomare Alessandra , Correa Camila Renata , Aldini Giancarlo , Ferreira Ana Lucia A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a pathological manifestation with a progressive incidence in response to the epidemic of hepatic steatosis caused primarily by excessive energy intake. The present study unravels affected biological processes and functions by the presence of NASH in rats using a label‐free quantitative proteomic strategy. NASH was induced by a Western high‐sugar and high‐fat diet for 20 weeks. The liver tissue was collected for histology and for a mass spectrometry‐based proteomic protocol. The NASH group showed severe lipidosis, hepatocyte ballooning, and the presence of collagen deposition. Among upregulated proteins in NASH perilipin‐2 (Plin‐2; F6QBA3; difference [diff]: 2.29), ferritin heavy (Fth1; Q66HI5; diff: 2.19) and light (Ftl1; P02793; diff: 1.75) chains, macrophage migration inhibitory factor 1 (Mif; P30904; diff: 1.69), and fibronectin (Fn1; F1LST1; diff: 0.35) were observed, whereas among downregulated proteins, plectin (Q6S399; diff: −3.34), some Cyp2 family proteins of the cytochrome P450 complex, glutathione S‐transferases, flavin‐containing monooxygenase 1 (Fmo1; P36365; diff: −2.08), acetyl‐CoA acetyltransferase 2 (Acat2; Q5XI22; diff: −2.25), acyl‐CoA oxidase 2 (Acox2; F1LNW3; diff: −1.59), and acyl‐CoA oxidase 3 (Acox3; F1M9A7; diff: −2.41) were observed. Also, biological processes and functions such as LPS/IL‐1 inhibition of RXR, fatty acid metabolism, Nrf2‐mediated oxidative stress response, xenobiotic metabolism, and PXR/RXR and CAR/RXR activations were predicted to be affected. In conclusion, the liver of rats with NASH induced by Western diet shows a decreased capacity of metabolizing lipids, fatty acids, and xenobiotic compounds that predispose fibrosis development.
Living in opposition: How women in the United States cope in spite of mistrust of federal leadership during the pandemic of Covid‐19
Authors: Hardy Lisa J. , Mana Adi , Mundell Leah , Benheim Sharón , Morales Kayla Torres , Sagy Shifra 
Published: March 2021

AbstractInternational research collaborators conducted research investigating sociocultural responses to the Covid‐19 pandemic.Our mixed methods research design includes surveys and interviews conducted between March and September of 2020 including 249 of 506 survey responses and 18 of 50 in‐depth, exploratory, semi‐structured interviews with self‐defined politically left‐leaning women in the United States. We employ a sequential design to analyze statistical and qualitative data.Despite international data suggesting that trust in federal governments reduces anxiety, women who did not trust and actively opposed the Trump administration reported lower levels of anxiety than expected. Results indicate reliance on and development of new forms of connection that seem to mitigate symptomatic anxieties when living in opposition. Women living in opposition to the leadership of the federal government use and develop resources to help them cope. Research on coping strategies and mental health and anxiety during crisis can inform recommendations for ways to support and strengthen sense of coherence during tumultuous times.
Extracellular signal‐regulated kinase regulates microglial immune responses in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Chen Michael J. , Ramesha Supriya , Weinstock Laura D. , Gao Tianwen , Ping Lingyan , Xiao Hailian , Dammer Eric B. , Duong Duc D. , Levey Allan I. , Lah James J. , Seyfried Nicholas T. , Wood Levi B. , Rangaraju Srikant 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe importance of mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway signaling in regulating microglia‐mediated neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains unclear. We examined the role of MAPK signaling in microglia using a preclinical model of AD pathology and quantitative proteomics studies of postmortem human brains. In multiplex immunoassay analyses of MAPK phosphoproteins in acutely isolated microglia and brain tissue from 5xFAD mice, we found phosphorylated extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) was the most strongly upregulated phosphoprotein within the MAPK pathway in acutely isolated microglia, but not whole‐brain tissue from 5xFAD mice. The importance of ERK signaling in primary microglia cultures was next investigated using transcriptomic profiling and functional assays of amyloid‐β and neuronal phagocytosis, which confirmed that ERK is a critical regulator of IFNγ‐mediated pro‐inflammatory activation of microglia, although it was also partly important for constitutive microglial functions. Phospho‐ERK was an upstream regulator of disease‐associated microglial gene expression (Trem2, Tyrobp), as well as several human AD risk genes (Bin1, Cd33, Trem2, Cnn2), indicative of the importance of microglial ERK signaling in AD pathology. Quantitative proteomic analyses of postmortem human brain showed that ERK1 and ERK2 were the only MAPK proteins with increased protein expression and positive associations with neuropathological grade. In a human brain phosphoproteomic study, we found evidence for increased flux through the ERK signaling pathway in AD. Overall, our analyses strongly suggest that ERK phosphorylation, particularly in microglia in mouse models, is a regulator of pro‐inflammatory immune responses in AD pathogenesis.
The safety and feasibility of intra‐corporeal gastroduodenostomy using a self‐pulling and latter transected method (Delta SPLT) in totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy
Authors: Hong Jun , Wang Ya‐Ping , Wang Jian , Hua Lu‐Chun , Hao Han‐Kun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesIn 2016, the self‐pulling and latter transection method (named “Delta SPLT”), a modified delta‐shaped gastroduodenostomy (DA) technique for totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy, was described. Delta SPLT reduced the technical difficulty of the surgery and the quantity of cartridges required with a manageable initial safety profile. Here, the safety and feasibility of this technique are analyzed at 1 year's follow‐up.MethodsThe demographic and clinicopathologic profiles, perioperative details, and postoperative outcomes of 45 consecutive patients who underwent Delta SPLT from March 2016 to March 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.The Delta SPLT technique, which consisted of one endoscopic linear stapler and four cartridges each, was used for reconstruction in every case.ResultsThe mean operative time was 127.1 ± 38.2 min, including a reconstruction duration of 22.6 ± 7.2 min. There were no surgical or anastomotic complications. The mean postoperative stay duration was 5.8 ± 1.2 days, and the morbidity rate was 2.2% with one case of postoperative pneumonia.ConclusionsThe results at the one‐year follow‐up suggest that Delta SPLT is a safe and feasible procedure. Delta SPLT is characterized by fewer difficulties experienced during surgery, lower surgical costs, it is easy to practice, and it is beneficial for patients who are undergoing gastroduodenostomy.
Best Practices in Facial Nerve Monitoring
Authors: Kartush Jack M. , Rice Kent S. , Minahan Robert E. , Balzer Gene K. , Yingling Charles D. , Seubert Christoph N. 
Published: March 2021

Objectives/HypothesisFacial nerve monitoring (FNM) has evolved into a widely used adjunct for many surgical procedures along the course of the facial nerve. Even though majority opinion holds that FNM reduces the incidence of iatrogenic nerve injury, there are few if any studies yielding high‐level evidence and no practice guidelines on which clinicians can rely. Instead, a review of the literature and medicolegal cases reveals significant variations in methodology, training, and clinical indications.Study DesignLiterature review and expert opinion.MethodsGiven the lack of standard references to serve as a resource for FNM, we assembled a multidisciplinary group of experts representing more than a century of combined monitoring experience to synthesize the literature and provide a rational basis to improve the quality of patient care during FNM.ResultsOver the years, two models of monitoring have become well‐established: 1) monitoring by the surgeon using a stand‐alone device that provides auditory feedback of facial electromyography directly to the surgeon, and 2) a team, typically consisting of surgeon, technologist, and interpreting neurophysiologist. Regardless of the setting and the number of people involved, the reliability of monitoring depends on the integration of proper technical performance, accurate interpretation of responses, and their timely application to the surgical procedure. We describe critical steps in the technical set‐up and provide a basis for context‐appropriate interpretation and troubleshooting of recorded signals.ConclusionsWe trust this initial attempt to describe best practices will serve as a basis for improving the quality of patient care while reducing inappropriate variations.Level of Evidence4Laryngoscope, 131:S1–S42, 2021
Thermostable Fluorescent Capsules with the Cross‐Linked Heterocyclic Polymer Shell from Poly(pyrrole‐phenosafranin)
Authors: Miksa Beata , Steinke Urszula , Trzeciak Katarzyna , Sniechowska Justyna , Rozanski Artur 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe present investigation describes the synthesis of capsules with a poly(pyrrole‐phenosafranin) cross‐linked shell. The capsules are prepared in a water solution by the facile single‐step chemical oxidative polymerization of monomers within hydrophobic interior of lipid bilayers that act as temporary scaffolds created by liposomes from 1,2‐dilauroyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphatidylcholine. The polypyrrole links phenosafranin units via amino groups, thus new thermostable nanocapsules are obtained without additional cross‐linking agents. Their spherical shape is confirmed by electron microscopy. Wide spectral characteristics of capsules by using different analytical methods provide detailed information about their structures.
Synthesis and Characterization of Tertiary Nanothermite CNMs/Al/KClO4 with Enhanced Combustion Characteristics
Authors: Fahd Ahmed , Dubois Charles , Chaouki Jamal , Wen J. Z. , Youssef Ehab 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMuch attention has been directed toward the development of new energetic materials to achieve the increasingly demanding performance of high‐speed propulsion systems. Nanothermite is one of the main approaches for the development of new energetic materials by the close integration of oxidizer and metal fuel. This study is devoted to evaluating the impact of different carbon nanomaterials (graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, and carbon nanofibers) on the thermal behavior of nanothermites based on potassium perchlorate and nano aluminium powder. Nanothermite compositions were prepared using a conventional sonication method. The morphology of nanothermites was characterized by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), which confirmed that the nanoparticles are homogeneously dispersed without agglomeration. The structure of nanothermite was also characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy. The impact of carbon nanomaterials on the combustion behavior of nanothermite was evaluated by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and bomb calorimetry. There was good agreement between results from DSC and bomb calorimetry. In general, the total heat released improved with the addition of carbon nanomaterials and particularly graphene oxide, which generated the highest increase in the heat of combustion. In addition, the maximum decomposition temperature shifted to a lower temperature, which indicates enhanced ignition characteristics. This is the first time reporting on the synthesis and characterization of tertiary nanothermites based on nano‐aluminum, potassium perchlorate, and carbon nanosize materials. It can be concluded that these novel nanothermite compositions exhibit dramatically improved properties as demonstrated by a 200 % increase in the heat of combustion with only a 5 % addition of graphene oxide. Moreover, the ignition temperature decreased from 545.1 °C to 508.7 °C enhancing the overall combustion characteristics.
Click Chemistry Reactions between Hydroxyl‐Terminated or Alkynyl‐Terminated Polybutadiene and Benzyl Azide
Authors: Li Yonghui , Yang Rongjie , Li Jianmin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAlkynyl‐terminated polybutadiene (ATPB) may be as a new type of propellant binder through click chemistry reaction between alkynyl and azide group. In this paper, The reactions between ATPB and hydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) with benzyl azide, respecfively, were tracked by 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, FTIR, and Elemental analysis measurements. The results show that the azide group and C=C of HTPB undergo 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction to form a 1,2,3‐triazoline ring without the catalyst. Both terminal C≡C and middle C=C bonds of ATPB can react with azide groups, and the reactivity of the C≡C bond is significantly higher than that of the C=C bonds. With the copper (I) catalyst, the reaction between the azide group and the C=C bonds of HTPB is significantly weakened, that is the copper (I) can not catalyze the reaction between C=C and ‐N3. these results are very meaningful for the design of the ATPB and azide system as the binder of solid propellant.
Stability of EPSPS gene copy number in Hordeum glaucum Steud (barley grass) in the presence and absence of glyphosate selection
Authors: Adu‐Yeboah Patricia , Malone Jenna M , Gill Gurjeet , Preston Christopher 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDGene amplification has been shown to provide resistance to glyphosate in several weed species, including Hordeum glaucum populations in South Australia. The stability of 5‐enolpyruvylshikimate‐3‐phosphate synthase (EPSPS) gene copies in resistant populations in the presence or absence of glyphosate selection has not been determined.RESULTSApplying glyphosate to a cloned plant resulted in an increase in resistance and EPSPS copy number in the progeny of that plant compared to the untreated clone. The LD50 (herbicide concentration required for 50% mortality) increased by 75% to 79% in the progeny of the treated clones compared to the untreated in both populations (YP‐17 and YP‐16). EPSPS copy number estimates were higher in treated individuals compared to untreated individuals with an average of seven copies compared to six in YP‐16 and 11 compared to six in YP‐17. There was a positive correlation (R2 = 0.78) between EPSPS copy number and LD50 of all populations.CONCLUSIONEPSPS gene copy number and resistance to glyphosate increased in H. glaucum populations under glyphosate selection, suggesting the number of EPSPS gene copies present is dependent on glyphosate selection. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Dynamic event‐triggered H∞ load frequency control for multi‐area power systems with communication delays
Authors: Li Cong , Wang Zhan‐Shan , Tian Yu‐Feng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates dynamic event‐triggered H∞ load frequency control for multi‐area power systems with communication delays. A novel co‐design method of trigger parameters and H∞ controller based on output feedback is proposed. Unlike routine multiplication operations, this method eliminates rank constraints on the input and output matrices, and avoids the processing of nonlinear terms related to the trigger parameters. Furthermore, under the presented dynamic event‐triggered mechanism, the threshold parameters are dynamically regulated according to the dynamic variation of the system. Therefore, the average data releasing rate can be adjusted in real time to better coordinate the use of network bandwidth resources and requirements of system dynamic performance. Specially, the usage of the infinite‐series‐based inequality and reciprocally convex combination inequality effectively reduces conservatism of the criteria. Finally, some simulations and related comparisons are carried out to demonstrate superiorities of the proposed method.
A continuous distributed control algorithm for time‐varying networks of nonlinear agents with input saturation
Authors: Wang Qingling , Sun Changyin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this article, we explore the possibility of designing a continuous control algorithm for time‐varying networks of high‐order nonlinear agents with input saturation. A class of neural network‐based (NN) distributed control algorithms are proposed for the consensus of nonlinear agents with input saturation and nonidentical unknown control directions (UCDs) under uniformly quasi‐strongly ‐connected graphs. An NN is used to cancel the unknown part of agent dynamics due to the well known NN function approximation property. Also, an adaptive smooth term is employed to compensate for the bounded disturbance, the approximation error. Moreover, an auxiliary system is designed to counteract the effect of input saturation. Furthermore, the control law is augmented with the Nussbaum‐type function to obtain an estimation of the UCDs. It is proven rigorously that the consensus of nonlinear agents with input saturation and nonidentical UCDs can be guaranteed, and the boundedness of all signals of closed‐loop systems is ensured. Finally, simulation examples are given to show the effectiveness of our theoretical results.
Medicinal Chemistry of Indane and Its Analogues: A Mini Review
Authors: Prasher Parteek , Sharma Mousmee 
Published: March 2021

Abstract‘Indane′ and its analogues indene, 1‐indenone, and 1,3‐indandione present an attractive biological profile for the rational development of therapeutic molecules. The indane/ indene moieties contain aromatic benzene ring fused with an aliphatic cyclopentane/ cyclopentene ring, which provides a rigid bicyclic ring‐framework enriched with diverse chemical properties. The multifarious possibilities for varying the substituent pattern on these fused ring systems enable the extensive appraisal of structure‐activity relationship analysis of rationally designed therapeutic molecules deliberated at their molecular targets. Indane analogues serve as useful scaffolds for the development of efficacious pharmaceuticals and commercial drugs, including Indinavir, Sulindac, and donepezil; whereas the pharmacophores based on indane moiety such as Aminoindanes and Indanedione contribute towards the development of neuroleptics and neuroprotective molecules. Similarly, the Indane‐carboxamide derivatives present a robust candidature as CGRP receptor antagonists, while substituted Indane and its analogue Indene present a privileged profile for the development of anticancer therapeutics by targeting the multifaceted oncologic pathways. Besides, the indane natural product scaffolds serve as perspective drug candidates with marked therapeutic properties. The present review summarizes the medicinal chemistry aspects of indane nucleus and its analogues as anticancer, anti‐inflammatory, and neuroprotective agents for the coherent development of impending therapeutics.