bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brain responses to glucose ingestion are greater in children than adults and are associated with overweight and obesity
Authors: Ge Brandon B. , Jann Kay , Luo Shan , Yunker Alexandra G. , Jones Sabrina , Angelo Brendan , Alves Jasmin M. , Defendis Alexis , Monterosso John R. , Xiang Anny H. , Page Kathleen A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study investigated whether brain regions involved in the regulation of food intake respond differently to glucose ingestion in children and adults and the relationship between brain responses and weight status.MethodsData included 87 children (ages 7‐11 years) and 94 adults (ages 18‐35 years) from two cohorts. Healthy weight, overweight, and obesity were defined by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria. Brain responses to glucose were determined by measuring cerebral blood flow using arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging in brain regions involved in the regulation of eating behavior.ResultsChildren showed significantly larger increases in brain responses to glucose than adults in the dorsal striatum (p < 0.01), insula (p < 0.01), hippocampus (p < 0.01), and dorsal‐lateral prefrontal cortex (p < 0.01). Responses to glucose in the dorsal striatum (odds ratio [OR] = 1.52, 95% CI 1.05‐2.20; p = 0.03), hippocampus (OR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.02‐2.22; p = 0.04), insula (OR = 1.64, 95% CI: 1.11‐2.42; p = 0.01), and orbitofrontal cortex (OR = 1.63 95% CI: 1.12‐2.39; p = 0.01) were positively associated with overweight or obesity, independent of age group.ConclusionsChildren have greater brain responses to glucose ingestion than adults in regions involved in eating behavior, and these responses are associated with weight status.
Flexural strength of foam‐filled polymer composite sandwich panel with novel M‐shaped core reinforced bynano‐SiO2
Authors: Khaledi Himan , Rostamiyan Yasser 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPresent article has experimentally determined the flexural strength of carbon fiber reinforced polymer sandwich panel reinforced by nano‐SiO2with novel M‐shaped lattice core. For this purpose, a polymer composite sandwich panel with M‐shaped core made of carbon‐epoxy fiber has been fabricated in this experiment. In order to fabricate the sandwich panels, the vacuum assisted resin transfer molding has been used to achieve a laminate without any fault. Afterward, polyurethane foam (PU) has been injected into the core of the sandwich panel. In order to determine the flexural strength of the sandwich panels, they have been subjected to three‐point bending loads. From the results of the study, it was figured out that: a) Adding 1 to 3 wt% of nano‐SiO2into the carbon fiber had the most desirable effects on the enhancement of flexural strength of the sandwich panels. b) PU has improved the flexural strength of sandwich panels. c) The new M‐shaped core can well postpone the buckling and failure of the composite sandwich structures.
Current Concepts on Endothelial Stem Cells Definition, Location, and Markers
Authors: Chambers Sarah E.J. , Pathak Varun , Pedrini Edoardo , Soret Lou , Gendron Nicolas , Guerin Coralie L. , Stitt Alan W. , Smadja David M. , Medina Reinhold J. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Ischemic vascular disease is a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, and regeneration of blood vessels in perfusion-deficient tissues is a worthwhile therapeutic goal. The idea of delivering endothelial stem/progenitor cells to repair damaged vasculature, reperfuse hypoxic tissue, prevent cell death, and consequently diminish tissue inflammation and fibrosis has a strong scientific basis and clinical value. Various labs have proposed endothelial stem/progenitor cell candidates. This has created confusion, as there are profound differences between these cell definitions based on isolation methodology, characterization, and reparative biology. Here, a stricter definition based on stem cell biology principles is proposed. Although preclinical studies have often been promising, results from clinical trials have been highly contradictory and served to highlight multiple challenges associated with disappointing therapeutic benefit. This article reviews recent accomplishments in the field and discusses current difficulties when developing endothelial stem cell therapies. Emerging evidence that disputes the classic view of the bone marrow as the source for these cells and supports the vascular wall as the niche for these tissue-resident endothelial stem cells is considered. In addition, novel markers to identify endothelial stem cells, including CD157, EPCR, and CD31low VEGFR2low IL33+ Sox9+, are described.
Can a facial action coding system (CatFACS) be used to determine the welfare state of cats with cerebellar hypoplasia?
Authors: Llewelyn Helen , Kiddie Jenna 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe impaired motor skills of cats living with cerebellar hypoplasia (CH) suggests they would be unable to practice normal behaviour, one of the five welfare needs. This study aimed to explore the use of facial action coding system (CatFACS) as a welfare assessment tool for cats with CH.MethodsFacial expressions (action units [AUs]) were defined as neutral/positive or negative by recording healthy cats (n = 89) during presumed aversive or relaxed scenarios. CH cats (n = 33) were then filmed and their facial expressions compared to those of the presumed positively‐ and negatively‐valenced healthy cats.ResultsSixteen negative AUs were defined. CH cats performed more of these than healthy cats (p = 0.023) in the relaxed scenario. There was no difference in AU expression between three levels of CH severity (mild, moderate or severe) (p = 0.461).ConclusionCats perform distinct AUs when experiencing negatively‐valenced arousal, the presence or absence of these AUs could be used to infer the welfare of healthy and CH cats. As there was no difference in AU expression between the three levels of CH severity, the behavioural restrictions CH imposes on cats does not necessarily indicate lower welfare and the reasons why CH cats perform more negatively associated AUs warrant further research.
Einlässe strahlgetriebener Flugzeuge
Authors: Kazula Stefan 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungFür die Entwicklung eines variablen Einlasskonzepts war der aktuelle Stand der Wissenschaft und Technik bezüglich der Einlässe von Flugzeugtriebwerken zu erarbeiten. Dieser beinhaltet die Analyse der für verschiedene Geschwindigkeitsbereiche einsetzbaren Einlasstypen. Zudem wurden die Gestaltung von Pitot-Einlässen sowie Einflüsse auf deren Gestaltung detailliert untersucht. Aus diesen Untersuchungen gehen zahlreiche Vorteile variabler Pitot-Einlässe gegenüber anderen Bauformen für Fluggeschwindigkeiten bis Mach 1,6 hervor. Daraufhin erfolgte die Analyse relevanter existierender Lösungsansätze und potenziell erforderlicher Technologien für variable Pitot-Einlässe. Hierbei wurden unter anderem Ansätze für die Variation der Einlassgeometrie durch Verschieben starrer Komponenten, Verformen des Oberflächenmaterials oder durch Grenzschichtbeeinflussung identifiziert.
Methodik der Konzeptstudie
Authors: Kazula Stefan 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungFür die Konzeptentwicklung war ein konstruktionsmethodischer Ansatz zu erarbeiten, der für diese akademische Konzeptstudie geeignet ist, um die gewünschte Sicherheit und Zuverlässigkeit des Konzepts zu erreichen. Hierfür wurden allgemeine Konstruktionsmethodiken, Methoden für die Entwicklung sicherer und zuverlässiger Produkte sowie der luftfahrtspezifische Sicherheitsprozess detailliert betrachtet. Daraus ergab sich ein Konstruktionsansatz, der auf dem Vorgehen nach VDI-Richtlinie 2221 basiert und durch Methoden der Sicherheits- und Zuverlässigkeitsanalyse nach ARP 4761 ergänzt wurde. Auf diesem fünfphasigen Konstruktionsansatz basiert die anschließend durchgeführte Konzeptstudie.
Parasite DNA detection in water samples enhances crayfish plague monitoring in asymptomatic invasive populations
Authors: Sieber Natalie , Hartikainen Hanna , Krieg Raphael , Zenker Armin , Vorburger Christoph 
Published: November 2021

AbstractInvasive species can facilitate the spread of pathogens by first providing asymptomatic host reservoirs, and then driving disease outbreaks in native populations through pathogen spillover. An example of this are invasive crayfish species in Europe (Faxonius limosus, Pacifastacus leniusculus, Procambarus clarkii), which carry the deadly plague agent (Aphanomyces astaci). Effective disease management requires comprehensive monitoring, however, pathogen detection in carrier populations with low pathogen prevalence and intensities is challenging. We simultaneously collected and analysed crayfish tissue samples of invasive crayfish populations and water samples to compare A. astaci detection in different sample types using quantitative PCR. Combined, the two sampling methods revealed A. astaci presence with DNA concentrations above limit of detection (LOD; the lowest concentration which can be detected with reasonable certainty) in 13 of 23 invasive crayfish populations. In four additional sites, A. astaci DNA concentrations below LOD were found in water. In four populations only were A. astaci concentrations above LOD detected in both sample types and in three populations in concentrations above LOD in tissue but below LOD in water. The likely reason for these discrepancies is the low A. astaci prevalence and concentration in resistant invasive crayfish, which limit detection reliability. Consistency may be improved by timing surveys with seasonal periods of high A. astaci abundance and by increasing water sampling effort. Considering the ease of collecting eDNA samples, compared to crayfish tissue sampling, eDNA methods would facilitate frequent and comprehensive surveys. However, remaining uncertainties in eDNA-based detection reveal the relevance of combining monitoring tools to improve detection of invasive pathogens and their management.
Temporal state change Bayesian networks for modeling of evolving multivariate state sequences: model, structure discovery and parameter estimation
Authors: Mrowca Artur , Gyrock Florian , Günnemann Stephan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMany systems can be expressed as multivariate state sequences (MSS) in terms of entities and their states with evolving dependencies over time. In order to interpret the temporal dynamics in such data, it is essential to capture relationships between entities and their changes in state and dependence over time under uncertainty. Existing probabilistic models do not explicitly model the evolution of causality between dependent state sequences and mostly result in complex structures when representing complete causal dependencies between random variables. To solve this, Temporal State Change Bayesian Networks (TSCBN) are introduced to effectively model interval relations of MSSs under evolving uncertainty. Our model outperforms competing approaches in terms of parameter complexity and expressiveness. Further, an efficient structure discovery method for TSCBNs is presented, that improves classical approaches by exploiting temporal knowledge and multiple parameter estimation approaches for TSCBNs are introduced. Those are expectation maximization, variational inference and a sampling based maximum likelihood estimation that allow to learn parameters from partially observed MSSs. Lastly, we demonstrate how TSCBNs allow to interpret and infer patterns of captured sequences for specification mining in automotive.
A novel protein truncating mutation in L2HGDH causes L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria in a consanguineous Pakistani family
Authors: Muzammal Muhammad , Ali Muhammad Zeeshan , Brugger Beatrice , Blatterer Jasmin , Ahmad Safeer , Taj Sundas , Shah Syed Khizar , Khan Saadullah , Enzinger Christian , Petek Erwin , Wagner Klaus , Khan Muzammil Ahmad , Windpassinger Christian 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria (L2HGA) is a rare neurometabolic disorder that occurs due to accumulation of L-2-hydroxyglutaric acid in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), plasma and urine. The clinical manifestation of L2HGA includes intellectual disability, cerebellar ataxia, epilepsy, speech problems and macrocephaly.

Methods
In the present study, we ascertained a multigenerational consanguineous Pakistani family with 5 affected individuals. Clinical studies were performed through biochemical tests and brain CT scan. Locus mapping was carried out through genome-wide SNP genotyping, whole exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing. For in silico studies protein structural modeling and docking was done using I-TASSER, Cluspro and AutoDock VINA tools.

Results
Affected individuals presented with cognitive impairment, gait disturbance, speech difficulties and psychomotor delay. Radiologic analysis of a male patient revealed leukoaraiosis with hypoattenuation of cerebral white matter, suggestive of hypomyelination. Homozygosity mapping in this family revealed a linkage region on chromosome 14 between markers rs2039791 and rs781354. Subsequent whole exome analysis identified a novel frameshift mutation NM_024884.3:c.180delG, p.(Ala62Profs*24) in the second exon of L2HGDH. Sanger sequencing confirmed segregation of this mutation with the disease phenotype. The identification of the most N-terminal loss of function mutation published thus far further expands the mutational spectrum of L2HGDH.
Retrospective evaluation of the impact of non-oncologic chronic drug therapy on the survival in patients with bladder cancer
Authors: Haimerl Lisa , Strobach Dorothea , Mannell Hanna , Stief Christian G. , Buchner Alexander , Karl Alexander , Grimm Tobias 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackground Chronic drug therapy may impact recurrence and survival of patients with bladder cancer and thus be of concern regarding drug choice and treatment decisions. Currently, data are conflicting for some drug classes and missing for others. Objective To analyze the impact of common non-oncologic chronic drug intake on survival in patients with bladder cancer and radical cystectomy. Setting. Patients with bladder cancer and radical cystectomy (2004–2018) at the University Hospital Munich. Method Data from an established internal database with patients with bladder cancer and radical cystectomy were included in a retrospective study. Drug therapy at the time of radical cystectomy and survival data were assessed and follow-up performed 3 months after radical cystectomy and yearly until death or present. Impact on survival was analyzed for antihypertensive, antidiabetic, anti-gout, antithrombotic drugs and statins, using the Kaplan–Meier method, log-rank test and Cox-regression models. Main outcome measure Recurrence free survival, cancer specific survival and overall survival for users versus non-users of predefined drug classes. Results Medication and survival data were available in 972 patients. Median follow-up time was 22 months (IQR 7–61). In the univariate analysis, a significant negative impact among users on recurrence free survival (n = 93; p = 0.038), cancer specific survival (n = 116; p < 0.001) and overall survival (n = 116; p < 0.001) was found for calcium-channel blockers, whereas angiotensin-receptor-blockers negatively influenced overall survival (n = 96; p = 0.020), but not recurrence free survival (n = 73; p = 0.696) and cancer specific survival (n = 96; p = 0.406). No effect of angiotensin-receptor-blockers and calcium-channel blockers was seen in the multivariate analysis. None of the other studied drugs had an impact on survival. Conclusion There was no impact on bladder cancer recurrence and survival for any of the analyzed drugs. Considering our results and the controverse findings in the literature, there is currently no evidence to withhold indicated drugs or choose specific drug classes among the evaluated non-oncologic chronic drug therapies. Thus, prospective studies are required for further insight. Trail registration This is part of the trial DRKS00017080, registered 11.10.2019.
Confirmatory factor analysis with missing data in a small sample: cognitive reserve in people with Down Syndrome
Authors: Cañete-Massé Cristina , Carbó-Carreté Maria , Figueroa-Jiménez María Dolores , Oviedo Guillermo R. , Guerra-Balic Myriam , Javierre Casimiro , Peró-Cebollero Maribel , Guàrdia-Olmos Joan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe presence of missing data and small sample sizes are very common in social and health sciences. Concurrently to present a methodology to solve the small sample size and missing data, we aim to present a definition of Cognitive Reserve for people with Down Syndrome. This population has become an appealing focus to study this concept because of the high incidence of dementia. The accidental sample comprised 35 persons with DS (16–35 years). A total of 12 variables were acquired, four of them had missing data. Two types of multiple imputation were made. Confirmatory factor analysis with Bayesian estimations was performed on the final database with non-informative priors. However, to solve the sample size problem, two additional corrections were made: first, we followed the Jiang and Yuan (2017) schema, and second, we made a Jackknife correlation correction. The estimations of the confirmatory factor analysis, as well as the global fit, are adequate. As an applied perspective, the acceptable fit of our model suggests the possibility of operationalizing the latent factor Cognitive Reserve in a simple way to measure it in the Down Syndrome population.
Dispositions manifest themselves: an identity theory of properties
Authors: Engelhard Kristina 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to motivate a view on dispositions according to which dispositions and their manifestations are partially identical, the DM identity theory. It sets out by extrapolating the desiderata of a dispositionalist account of properties. It then shows that the previous theories are burdened with different problems, whose common cause, so the argument goes, is the separation assumption, which almost all share. It states that dispositions and their manifestations are numerically distinct. The paper then explores whether the separation assumption can be abandoned and shows that there are precursors of a DM identity theory. The DM identity theory is then outlined in its central features and it is outlined how they can fulfil the desiderata of dispositionalism.
The directionality of topological explanations
Authors: Kostić Daniel , Khalifa Kareem 
Published: November 2021

AbstractProponents of ontic conceptions of explanation require all explanations to be backed by causal, constitutive, or similar relations. Among their justifications is that only ontic conceptions can do justice to the ‘directionality’ of explanation, i.e., the requirement that if X explains Y, then not-Y does not explain not-X. Using topological explanations as an illustration, we argue that non-ontic conceptions of explanation have ample resources for securing the directionality of explanations. The different ways in which neuroscientists rely on multiplexes involving both functional and anatomical connectivity in their topological explanations vividly illustrate why ontic considerations are frequently (if not always) irrelevant to explanatory directionality. Therefore, directionality poses no problem to non-ontic conceptions of explanation.
Perceiving causality in action
Authors: Reimer Robert 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDavid Hume and other philosophers doubt that causality can be perceived directly. Instead, observers become aware of it through inference based on the perception of the two events constituting cause and effect of the causal relation. However, Hume and the other philosophers primarily consider causal relations in which one object triggers a motion or change in another. In this paper, I will argue against Hume’s assumption by distinguishing a kind of causal relations in which an agent is controlling the motion or change of an object. I will call this kind of causal relations ‘causation-as-control’. In instances of causation-as-control, the observer does not become aware of the causality through inference based on the perception of two events (cause and effect). Rather, she perceives the two events directly and without further inference as cause and effect of a causal relation, and, therefore, the causality at work.
A new derivative-based method for determination of bubble point pressure of hydrocarbon systems
Authors: Al-Marhoun Muhammad Ali 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe bubble point pressure is essential for planning and managing oil field development and production strategies. The conventional procedure of the determination of bubble point pressure and volume is a trial-and-error method. Consequently, this leads to the lack of uniqueness, accuracy, and repeatability of the solution. This paper describes a new technique that utilizes the pressure–volume (PV) data obtained from the constant-composition expansion (CCE) test to determine the bubble point pressure of hydrocarbon systems. This method is a derivative-based procedure where consecutive derivative ratios form peaks. The highest peak always exists at the inflection of PV data to traverse into a two-phase region. A new mathematical model based on the exponential-power function is introduced to accurately describe the PV data above and below the bubble point. The new model leads to the direct determination of both bubble point pressure and volume simultaneously. Uniqueness, accuracy, and repeatability in the new method are guaranteed regardless of who performs the calculation.
Negative Cognitions and Emotional Distress Following Job Loss: Development and Validation of the Beliefs About Loss of Work (BLOW) Scale
Authors: van Eersel Janske H. W. , Taris Toon W. , Boelen Paul A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Negative cognitions following job loss can contribute to emotional distress by motivating individuals to adopt coping styles that reduce stress in the short run while obstructing adjustment in the long run. It is unclear which specific cognitions are related to symptoms of complicated grief, depression, and anxiety following job loss. To fill this gap, this study introduces the Beliefs about Loss of Work (BLOW) scale and examines its psychometric properties. We recruited 222 Dutch workers who had lost their job, including 70 men and 152 women, with an average age of 52.5 years. Confirmatory factor analyses revealed that a second-order eight-factor model had the best fit to the data. The BLOW scale is a reliable instrument with a good convergent and divergent validity. This instrument may stimulate research on mechanisms involved in job loss-related distress and could inform the development of interventions to reduce this distress.
Assessing the conduct of juveniles: diagnosis and delinquency, 1900–2013
Authors: Hirshbein Laura D. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAmerican child psychiatrists have long been interested in the problems of delinquent behaviour by juveniles. With the rise of specific psychiatric diagnoses in the 1960s and 1970s, delinquent behaviour was defined within the diagnosis of conduct disorder. Like all psychiatric diagnoses, this concept was shaped by particular historical actors in context and has been highly contingent on assumptions related to race, class and gender. The history of conduct disorder illustrates the tensions in child psychiatry between the expansive goals of the field and the often limited uses of its professional authority, as well as individual children as the target of intervention and their interactions in groups.