bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is there collaboration specific neurophysiological activation during collaborative task activity? An analysis of brain responses using electroencephalography and hyperscanning
Authors: Léné Paul , Karran Alexander J. , Labonté‐Lemoyne Elise , Sénécal Sylvain , Fredette Marc , Johnson Kevin J. , Léger Pierre‐Majorique 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCollaboration between two individuals is thought to be associated with the synchrony of two different brain activities. Indeed, prefrontal cortical activation and alpha frequency band modulation has been widely reported, but little is known about interbrain synchrony (IBS) changes occurring during social interaction such as collaboration or competition. In this study, we assess the dynamic of IBS variation in order to provide novel insights into the frequency band modulation underlying collaboration. To address this question, we used electroencephalography (EEG) to simultaneously record the brain activity of two individuals playing a computer‐based game facing four different conditions: collaboration, competition, single participation, and passive observation. The computer‐based game consisted of a fast button response task. Using data recorded in sensor space, we calculated an IBS value for each frequency band using both wavelet coherence transform and phase‐locking value and performed single‐subject analysis to compare each condition. We found significant IBS in frontal electrodes only present during collaboration associated with alpha frequency band modulation. In addition, we observed significant IBS in the theta frequency band for both collaboration and competition conditions, along with a significant single‐subject cortical activity. Competition is distinguishable through single‐subject activity in several regions and frequency bands of the brain. Performance is correlated with single‐subject frontal activation during collaboration in the alpha and beta frequency band.
Highly sensitive detection of driver mutations from cytological samples and cfDNA in lung cancer
Authors: Fujita Kazutaka , Nakayama Masayuki , Sata Masafumi , Nagai Yoshiaki , Hisata Shu , Mato Naoko , Suzuki Takuji , Bando Masashi , Hizawa Nobuyuki , Hagiwara Koichi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundBronchoscopy is a minimally invasive procedure for establishing the diagnosis of lung cancer. It sometimes fails to obtain tissue samples but readily collects cytological samples.MethodsWe developed PNA‐LNA dual‐PCR (PLDP), which amplified mutant sequences by a high‐fidelity DNA polymerase in the presence of a peptide nucleic acid (PNA) oligomer having a wild‐type sequence. Mutations are detected either by locked nucleic acid (LNA) probes for quick detection of a limited number of mutations, which are EGFR, KRAS, and BRAF mutations in the current study, or by direct sequencing for a comprehensive screening. In a total of 233 lung cancer samples, the results for cytological samples by PLDP were compared with those for tissue samples by cobas® EGFR mutation test (cobas) or by the PNA‐LNA PCR clamp method (P‐LPC). Moreover, the performance of PLDP using cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) was investigated.ResultsPeptide nucleic acid‐LNA dual‐PCR was able to detect each synthesized mutant sequence with high sensitivity. PLDP detected EGFR mutations in 80 out of 149 clinical samples, while the cobas or the P‐LPC detected in 66 matched. The correctness of PLDP was confirmed both by clinical response and by the results of sequencing using a next‐generation sequencer. PLDP detected mutations from cfDNA in approximately 70% of patients who harbors mutations in the tumor.ConclusionsPeptide nucleic acid‐LNA dual‐PCR exhibited an excellent performance, even using cytological samples. PLDP is applicable for the investigation of cfDNA. The combination of bronchoscopy and PLDP is attractive and will expand the utility of bronchoscopy in clinical practice.
Rare presentation of Graves’ disease with myalgia: A case report
Authors: Kurihara Masaru , Kinjo Shunichi , Tokuda Yasuharu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA 42‐year‐old woman presented with myalgia, which ameliorated a week after treatment. She was diagnosed with Graves’ disease. The presence of concomitant autoimmune diseases is important considerations for patients with Graves’ disease presenting with myalgia. Thyrotoxicosis should be included as a rare differential diagnosis for myalgia.
Design Principles for Tungsten Oxide Electrocatalysts for Water Splitting
Authors: Chen Xueying , Yang Jun , Cao Yifan , Kong Luo , Huang Jianfeng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractElectrocatalytic water splitting involving the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a crucial and effective pathway to obtain clean and renewable energy resources. The advanced electrocatalysts can significantly reduce the reaction energy barrier to realize high‐efficiency energy conversion. In this regard, noble‐metal catalysts display excellent catalytic performance for the water splitting reaction, but the high cost hinders its large‐scale application. As a low‐cost candidate for noble‐metal catalysts, tungsten oxide is endowed with the variable crystalline phase and adjustable composition, which provide more opportunities to achieve satisfactory catalytic activity by engineering crystal structure and modulating surface electronic states. To promote the reaction activity and stability, some effective strategies have been developed to optimize the surface crystal and electronic structure of tungsten oxide electrocatalysts for overall water splitting. In this review, we especially highlight the latest advances and progress in the exploration of tungsten oxide electrocatalysts for HER and OER, and systematically classify these strategies into several design principles involving adjustable surface morphology, engineering defects, and synergistic catalysis, providing a deep understanding of the relationship between the catalytic activity and crystal structure in the tungsten oxide. Some perspectives are also proposed to guide a rational design of tungsten oxide electrocatalyst for water splitting.
Pincer‐Supported Gallium Complexes for the Catalytic Hydroboration of Aldehydes, Ketones and Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Liu Lingyu , Lo Siu‐Kwan , Smith Cory , Goicoechea Jose M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGallium hydrides stabilised by primary and secondary amines are scarce due to their propensity to eliminate dihydrogen. Consequently, their reactivity has received limited attention. The synthesis of two novel gallium hydride complexes HGa(THF)[ON(H)O] and H2Ga[μ2‐ON(H)O]Ga[ON(H)O] ([ON(H)O]2−=N,N‐bis(3,5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐2‐phenoxy)amine) is described and their reactivity towards aldehydes and ketones is explored. These reactions afford alkoxide‐bridged dimers through 1,2‐hydrogallation reactions. The gallium hydrides can be regenerated through Ga−O/B−H metathesis from the reaction of such dimers with pinacol borane (HBpin) or 9‐borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (9‐BBN). These observations allowed us to target the catalytic reduction of carbonyl substrates (aldehydes, ketones and carbon dioxide) with low catalyst loadings at room temperature.
Metal Free Access to Polysubstituted Pyrimidines via Nitrile Activation and [2+2+2] Cycloaddition
Authors: Chai Jinkui , Nie Yu , Wang Zhao , Cheng Li , Liu Ying‐Guo , Wu Junliang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTf2O mediated intermolecular / intramolecular [2+2+2] cycloaddition between alkynes and nitriles has been developed for efficient construction of polysubstituted pyrimidines and bicyclopyrimidines. In presence of Tf2O, aza‐allene species were generated in situ through nitrile activation and subsequently participated in the [2+2+2] cycloaddition, which was fully supported by deuteration experiments. The reaction had good substrate extensibility with moderate to excellent yield including trimethylsilylalkynes. The method was utilized as a synthetic tool in the preparation of a luminescent metal complex.
Wave mechanics fundaments for quantum chemistry in secondary education
Authors: Kraska Thomas 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWährend die Quantenchemie seit rund einhundert Jahren in der Fachwissenschaft das Standardmodell der chemischen Bindung darstellt, ist sie bislang nur eingeschränkt im Chemieunterricht angekommen. Insbesondere die Einführung der Welleneigenschaften der Materie wird oft vernachlässigt. Die Komplexität des Themas macht es erforderlich, die Grundlagen exemplarisch zu behandeln. Einfache Modelle mit unendlich hohen Potentialwänden und verschwindendem Potential im inneren können als Anregungen dienen, die es Lehrkräften ermöglichen sollen, dieses Gebiet zu unterrichten. Die mathematische Modellierung basiert hier im Wesentlichen auf der Sinusfunktion und ist somit grundsätzlich für die Schule geeignet. Grundlage der Bindungsbildung ist die Interferenz, die stattfindet, wenn elektronische Wellen bei Annäherung von Atomen aufeinandertreffen. Die Interferenz hat eine Umverteilung der Ladung zur Folge. Sofern diese Umverteilung mehr Raum einnimmt, führt dies in Folge zu einer Absenkung der kinetischen Energie. Daneben führt die Ladungsumverteilung zu Veränderungen in der potentiellen Energie. Dies ist Grundlage für eine Reihe von Regeln und Effekten, die in der Schulchemie häufig ohne Zusammenhang eingeführt werden. Auch wenn das Thema vornehmlich in der Oberstufe verortet ist, können jedoch bereits in der Mittelstufe die Welleneigenschaften gleichwertig zu den Teilcheneigenschaften phänomenologisch eingeführt werden.
Satb1 expression in retinal ganglion cells of marmosets, macaques, and humans
Authors: Nasir‐Ahmad Subha , Vanstone Kurt A. , Novelli Mario , Lee Sammy C. S. , Do Michael Tri H. , Martin Paul R. , Grünert Ulrike 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRecent advances in single‐cell RNA sequencing have enabled the molecular distinction of ganglion cell populations in mammalian retinas. Here we used antibodies against the transcription factor special AT‐rich binding protein 1 (Satb1, a protein which is expressed by on‐off direction‐selective ganglion cells in mouse retina) to study Satb1 expression in the retina of marmosets (Callithrix jacchus), macaques (Macaca fascicularis), and humans. In all species, Satb1 was exclusively expressed in retinal ganglion cells. The Satb1 cells made up ∼2% of the ganglion cell population in the central retina of all species, rising to a maximum ∼7% in peripheral marmoset retina. Intracellular injections in marmoset and macaque retinas revealed that most Satb1 expressing ganglion cells are widefield ganglion cells. In marmoset, Satb1 cells have a densely branching dendritic tree and include broad and narrow thorny, recursive bistratified, and parasol cells, all of which show some costratification with the outer or inner cholinergic amacrine cells. The recursive bistratified cells showed the strongest costratification but did not show extensive cofasciculation as reported for on‐off direction‐selective ganglion cells in rabbit and rodent retinas. In macaque, Satb1 was not expressed in recursive bistratified cells, but in large sparsely branching cells. Our findings further support the idea that the expression of transcription factors in retinal ganglion cells is not conserved across Old World (human and macaque) and New World (marmoset) primates and provides a further step to link a molecular marker with specific cell types.
Effect of spectrophotometer biosafety barriers on composite resin color reading
Authors: Prado Mayara C. , Wandscher Vinicius F. , Marchionatti Ana Maria E. , Skupien Jovito A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to verify whether the spectrophotometer makes similar color readings when subjected to the use of biosafety barriers. Eighty specimens were made in four colors of the Llis composite resin (EA1, DA1, EA3, DA3) and four of the Filtek Z350 XT (A1E, A1D, A3E e A3D) (n = 10). The specimens were subjected to color analysis with a VITA Easyshade device according to the groups regarding the physical barrier: the protector supplied with the VITA device, polyvinyl chloride plastic film, high‐density polyethylene bag, and without protection as a control. The color difference (ΔE00) between control and groups was evaluated and compared with the perceptibility and acceptability thresholds. In the Filtek Z350 XT, there was a significant ΔE00 in color A3E, in the polyethylene bag (P < .001), and in color A1D, in the supplied protector (P = .01) in relation to the other groups. For Llis, in color EA1 for all protective barriers (P = .014), and in color DA1 only for polyethylene bag in relation to the other barriers (P = .02). ΔE00 was higher than the perceptible threshold for all groups, colors, and brands. The results below the threshold of acceptability in relation to the ΔE00 did not demonstrate consistency between barriers, colors, and resins. It was not possible to identify a statistically significant pattern of ΔE00 between the barriers. The ΔE00 were above the perceptibility threshold, and few were below the acceptability threshold. It was not possible to suggest that one biosafety barrier was superior to another or could be indicated.
Cardiac disease diagnosis using feature extraction and machine learning based classification with Internet of Things(IoT)
Authors: Venkatesan Muthulakshmi , Lakshmipathy Priya , Vijayan Vani , Sundar Ramesh 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe applications of IoT have been employed in diverse domains like industries, clinical care, and farming, and so forth. Nowadays, the constitution of this technology is more prevalent in clinical observation, where the wearable devices have stimulated the development of the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT). In the process of reducing the death rate, it is necessary to detect the disease at an earlier stage. The cardiac disease prediction is a major defect in the examination of the dataset in clinics. The research proposed aims to recognize the important cardiac complaint prediction characteristics by utilizing machine‐learning methodologies. Numerous projects have been established regarding the diagnosis of cardiac complaints, which results in low accuracy rate. Thus, for improving the accuracy of prediction and for cardiac complaint investigation this article utilized a fuzzy c‐means neural network (FNN) and a deep convolution neural network for feature extraction. From the clinical dataset, data were obtained for the risk prediction of cardiac complaints that includes blood pressure (BP), age, sex, chest pain, cholesterol, blood sugar, and so forth. The hearts condition is recognized by categorizing the sensor data received by FNN. The evaluation performances were carried out and the results revealed that FNN is good in predicting the cardiac complaints. In addition to this, the proposed model achieves better accuracy than the other approaches through the demonstration of simulation results. The proposed approach attains the accuracy rate of 86.4% and F1‐score of 97%, precision 76.2%, and 64.6% of FPR.
An authenticated, secure, and mutable multiple‐session‐keys protocol based on elliptic curve cryptography and text‐to‐image encryption algorithm
Authors: Abusukhon Ahmad , Mohammad Zeyad , Al‐Thaher Ali 
Published: October 2021

SummaryMost of the key agreement protocols (e.g., Menezes–Qu–Vanstone [MQV] family) generate one common key per session. This leaves the session key vulnerable against various attacks. This article proposed an enhanced multiple session key (EMSK) protocol which is based on the elliptic curve Diffie–Hellman (ECDH), HMQV, and the YAK protocols. The EMSK generates multiple session keys per session. Unlike the MQV protocol, the EMSK needs only two messages to be exchanged in order to create nine session keys. However, the MQV requires 18 messages to be exchanged in order to produce these nine session keys. In EMSK, one of the session keys is used to encrypt the plaintext using the one‐time pad cipher. The encrypted message is then embedded in an RGB‐image in order to provide confidentiality service of communication. The EMSK is evaluated theoretically against various types of attacks and practically using the Scyther simulator. The results from the simulator showed that the EMSK protocol withstand various types of attacks on the MQV, HMQV, and the YAK protocols, and provided perfect forward secrecy. In addition, the EMSK provides a digital signature feature which validates the authenticity and integrity of a digital message using the zero knowledge prove.
Lattice Thermal Transport in the Homogeneous Cage‐Like Compounds Cu3VSe4 and Cu3NbSe4: Interplay between Phonon‐Phase Space, Anharmonicity, and Atomic Mass
Authors: Yang Dingfeng , Yang Junzhu , Quan Xuejun , Zhang Bin , Wang Guoyu , Lu Xu , Zhou Xiaoyuan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the correlation between crystal structure and thermal conductivity in semiconductors is very important for designing heat‐transport‐related devices, such as high‐performance thermoelectric materials and heat dissipation in micro‐nano‐scale devices. In this work, the lattice thermal conductivity (
) of the cage‐like compounds Cu3VSe4 and Cu3NbSe4 was investigated by experimental measurements and first‐principles calculations. The experimental
of Cu3NbSe4 is approximately 25 % lower than that of Cu3VSe4 at 300 K. The relevant important physical parameters, including the sound velocity, heat capacity, weighted phonon phase space (W), and third‐order force constants along with atomic mass were theoretically analyzed. It is found that W is the dominant parameter in determining the
, and the other factors only play a minor role. The physical origin is the relatively “soft” lattice of Cu3NbSe4 with heavier atomic mass. This research provides deep insight into the correlation between the thermal conductivity and crystal structure and paves the way for discovering high‐performance thermal management device and thermoelectric materials with intrinsically low
.
Multiple Polar and Non‐polar Nematic Phases
Authors: Brown Stevie , Cruickshank Ewan , Storey John M. D. , Imrie Corrie T. , Pociecha Damian , Majewska Magdalena , Makal Anna , Gorecka Ewa 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLiquid‐crystal materials exhibiting up to three nematic phases are reported. Dielectric response measurements show that while the lower temperature nematic phase has ferroelectric order and the highest temperature nematic phase is apolar, the intermediate phase has local antiferroelectric order. The modification of the molecular structure by increasing the number of lateral fluorine substituents leads to one of the materials showing a direct isotropic‐ferronematic phase transition.
Advances in Studies of Boron Nitride Nanosheets and Nanocomposites for Thermal Transport and Related Applications
Authors: Meziani Mohammed J. , Sheriff Kirkland , Parajuli Prakash , Priego Paul , Bhattacharya Sriparna , Rao Apparao M. , Quimby Jesse L. , Qiao Rui , Wang Ping , Hwu Shiou‐Jyh , Wang Zhengdong , Sun Ya‐Ping 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) and exfoliated nanosheets (BNNs) not only resemble their carbon counterparts graphite and graphene nanosheets in structural configurations and many excellent materials characteristics, especially the ultra‐high thermal conductivity, but also offer other unique properties such as being electrically insulating and extreme chemical stability and oxidation resistance even at elevated temperatures. In fact, BNNs as a special class of 2‐D nanomaterials have been widely pursued for technological applications that are beyond the reach of their carbon counterparts. Highlighted in this article are significant recent advances in the development of more effective and efficient exfoliation techniques for high‐quality BNNs, the understanding of their characteristic properties, and the use of BNNs in polymeric nanocomposites for thermally conductive yet electrically insulating materials and systems. Major challenges and opportunities for further advances in the relevant research field are also discussed.
Barriers and facilitators to providing CBT for people living with dementia: Perceptions of psychological therapists
Authors: Baker Samatha , Brede Janina , Cooper Rebecca , Charlesworth Georgina , Stott Joshua 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMany people living with dementia or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) experience anxiety and depression. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is a recommended treatment for adults, commonly provided through primary care psychological therapies services. This study explored the facilitators and barriers to providing CBT interventions for people living with dementia or MCI, as perceived by therapists working in such services.Structured interviews were conducted with 14 clinicians recruited through primary care psychological therapies services about their experiences of working with people living with dementia or MCI and their ideas about factors that enhance or hinder offering and delivering CBT to this population. Interview recordings were transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis. Credibility checks were incorporated throughout.Three themes were identified: ‘attitudes towards dementia’, ‘competing demands’, and ‘pressure without support’. Perceived facilitators and barriers occurred across individual, service, and system levels. Facilitators were positive engagement and outcomes for people living with dementia or MCI, positive attitudes of clinicians, and flexibility within some services. In contrast, perceived barriers were stigma towards dementia and mental health in older adults, high pressure on staff to perform with a lack of support to do so, exclusion based on diagnosis, and inflexibility within some services.Clinicians were confident that people living with dementia or MCI could benefit from CBT, with some adaptations to delivery. There are implications for staff support and training, and for commissioning practices relating to the tension between minimal resources, equitable access, and person‐centred care.
Cobalt‐Catalyzed Highly Regioselective Three‐Component Arylcarboxylation of Acrylate with Aryl Bromides and Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Hang Wei , Liang Nianjie , Liu Yuzhou , Xi Chanjuan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCobalt‐catalyzed regioselective three‐component arylcarboxylation of acrylate with aryl bromides and carbon dioxide has been developed. The reaction is carried out by using cobalt chloride as a precatalyst and zinc powder as a reducing reagent under CO2 (1 atm) at 40 °C. A range of aryl bromides are used for this reaction, leading to a series of valuable carboxylic acids with high regioselectivity and functional‐group compatibility. Mechanistic experiments and DFT calculations indicate that this arylcarboxylation reaction involves the reaction of CO2 with a cobalt enolate intermediate to form the C−C bond.
Energy transport in degenerate anisotropic electron plasma
Authors: Khokhar Tajammal H. , Khan Imran A. , Iqbal Z. , Murtaza G. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDegenerate plasmas have gained increasing attention in the last decade due to their great importance in various areas of physics, such as semiconductors, metals, microelectronics, and carbon nanotubes, and in the astrophysical environments. In this article, energy transport of right circularly polarized wave (RCPW) is studied in anisotropic degenerate plasma. The energy flux is examined for both the limits: resonant and non‐resonant. We discuss how the energy flux is significantly affected by degenerate temperature anisotropy. It is found that the RCPW transfers its energy rapidly when the parallel temperature is larger than the perpendicular temperature. Moreover, it is also found that the wave delivers its energy over a longer distance in the resonant case as compared with the non‐resonant. The results obtained in this investigation may have application for laboratory degenerate plasmas.