bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generation of microplastics from the opening and closing of disposable plastic water bottles
Authors: Singh Tvisha 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
There has recently been a significant increase in interest regarding the prevalence of microplastics in bottled water. Previous studies have shown that the composition of many of the microplastics in bottled water is consistent with the materials of the bottle and bottle cap. The focus of this study is to quantify microplastic particle generation from the cap and bottle interaction during open and close cycles. Nile Red dye was used for the detection of microplastics &gt;4.7 μm in size. Microplastic contamination levels in the water were found to increase as the bottle cap is opened and closed repeatedly. The rate of generation of particles with bottle opening and closing cycles (553 ± 202 microplastics/L/cycle) is adequate to account for the total particle density in the water. This clearly demonstrates that the abrasion between the bottle cap and bottleneck is the dominant mechanism for the generation of microplastic contamination detected in bottled water. A large spread between the maximum and minimum levels of microplastic contamination for bottles from the same lot, regardless of the number of times the cap is opened and closed, suggests that mechanical tolerances in the manufacturing of bottles and caps might play an important role in microplastic generation.
Chemical contaminants in Brazilian drinking water: a systematic review
Authors: Zini Luciano Barros , Gutterres Mariliz 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The goals of this research are to evaluate which chemical contaminations were detected in Brazil's drinking water reported in papers published from 2012 to 2019, to propose guideline values for emerging contaminants and assess which are the priority parameters from a health risk perspective. The methodology used was a systematic review. The chemical contaminants quantified were evaluated according to Brazilian drinking-water standards, and Guideline Values were proposed for emerging pollutants using conservative endpoints from NOAEL and LOAEL available in literature. From 1351 articles evaluated, 15 reached the research goal. Seventy-seven parameters were quantified in Brazilian drinking water from underground, surface and rainwater sources. Soil composition, mining, sewage and agricultural activities were the main sources for the seven classes framed: pesticides, metals, organic, endocrine disruptors, drugs, personal care products and illicit drugs. Twenty-two parameters are listed in the current Brazilian drinking water quality standard and 54 are not. Water was not considered appropriate to drink due to cadmium, aluminum, iron, nickel, mercury, atrazine, propionaldehyde, beryllium, acetone and 17 α-ethinyl estradiol (carcinogenic). Measures to reduce chemical contamination in drinking water need to be taken such as the expansion of sewage treatment and upgrading to tertiary treatment, and controlling and reducing the application of pesticides.
SARS-CoV-2: fate in water environments and sewage surveillance as an early warning system
Authors: Panchal Deepak , Tripathy Purusottam , Prakash Om , Sharma Abhishek , Pal Sukdeb 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Coronavirus disease has emerged as one of the greatest threats to human well-being. Currently, the whole world is fighting against this pandemic that is transmitted either through exposure to virus laden respiratory or water droplets or by touching the virus contaminated surfaces. The viral load in feces of an infected patient varies according to the severity of the disease. Subsequent detection of viral genome (SARS-CoV-2) in human feces and sewage systems is an emerging concern for public health. This also dictates to reinforce the existing sewage/wastewater treatment facilities. Rapid monitoring is the key to prevent and control the current mass transmission. Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is a potential epidemiology tool that can act as a complementary approach for current infectious disease surveillance systems and an early warning system for disease outbreaks. In a developing country like India, inadequate wastewater treatment systems, low-operational facility and relaxed surface water quality criteria even in terms of fecal coliform bacteria are the major challenges for WBE. Herein, we review the occurrence, transmission, and survival of SARS-CoV-2, and disinfection and potential of sewage surveillance as an early warning system for COVID-19 spread. We also discuss the challenges of open-defecation practices affecting sewage-surveillance in real-time in densely populated developing countries like India.
Critical Residues in Hsp70 Nucleotide Binding Domain for Challenges in
Drug Design
Authors: Ergul Mustafa , Aktan Fugen , Tutar Yusuf 
Published: April 2021

Background:
The association of a drug with its target protein correlates to its medicinal
activity and the microenvironment plays a key role in this association. The key challenge is to identify
mutations which unlikely to respond to designed drugs.

Objective:
Hsp70 is an anti-apoptotic factor and tumor cells overexpress Hsp70 to survive against
anti-cancer agents. The impact of pathogenic mutations on Hsp70 is unknown. Elucidation of these
alterations is essential to understand the molecular switch mechanism. Thus, critical spots on
Hsp70 Nucleotide Binding Domain (NBD) are important since mutation-driven sensitivity may be
useful in designing innovative inhibitors.

Methods:
ATP, AMP-PNP (non-hydrolyzable analog of ATP) along with commercially available
compounds VER-155008 (ATP analog and competitive inhibitor) and MKT-077 (allosteric inhibitor
of ADP bound form) were docked to Hsp70 NBD structure in silico to identify critical amino
acids of inhibition mechanism. Site-directed mutagenesis of the determined critical residues along
with ATP hydrolysis and luciferase refolding was performed. Wild-type and mutant Hsp70s were
compared to determine the effect on protein functions in the presence or absence of inhibitors.

Results:
This study identified three mutants that have a loss of function for Hsp70, which may alter
the drug inhibition activity as oncogenic cells have multiple mutations.

Conclusion:
Two commercial inhibitors employed here that mimic ATP and ADP states, respectively,
are not affected by these mutational perturbations and displayed effective interference for
Hsp70 functions. Designing inhibitors by considering these critical residues may improve drug design
and increase drug efficiency.
Prevalence of Anxiety During Pregnancy in Women with Previous Spontaneous
Abortions
Authors: Radhakrishnan Keerthana , Kandavar Shraddha Shetty 
Published: April 2021

Backgroundː :
Abortion results in emotional stress affecting the mental health of women.
Women become more anxious in the subsequent pregnancy. The severity of anxiety depends on
the number of prior pregnancy losses.

Aim:
To study the prevalence of anxiety during pregnancy in women with previous spontaneous
abortions.

Materials and Methods:
A case control study was conducted on 200 women (study group) with a
previous history of spontaneous abortions and compared with 200 women (control group) with a
previous normal delivery. Anxiety levels were measured using the Hamilton Anxiety Scale for all
women in the first trimester. Anxiety score <17 indicates mild severity, 18–24 mild to moderate
severity and 25–30 moderate to severe anxiety.

Results:
In the study population, most women were found to be in the age group of 26-30 years.
149 (74.5%) women had previous one spontaneous abortion and 51 ((25.5%) had previous two
spontaneous abortions in the study group. The prevalence of anxiety was observed in 42(21%) in
the study group and 20(10%) in the control group and was found to be statistically significant. In
the study group, 26(62%) women had mild anxiety, 13(31%) with moderate anxiety and 3(7%) had
severe anxiety and 14(60%) had mild anxiety, 6(40%) moderate anxiety in the control group.

Conclusions:
Women experience emotional trauma and stress following previous pregnancy losses,
which can have a negative impact on their mental health. Anxiety increases in the subsequent
pregnancy. Anxiety level depends on the number of previous pregnancy losses. Hence careful prenatal
care and psychological support should be advised to pregnant women with prior spontaneous
abortions to improve the quality of life.
Feasibility of an Internet-Based Intervention to Promote Exercise for People With Spinal Cord Injury: Observational Pilot Study
Authors: Ochoa Christa , Cole Maria , Froehlich-Grobe Katherine 
Published: April 2021

Background
People with spinal cord injury (SCI) are less likely to be physically active and have higher chronic disease risk than those in the general population due to physical and metabolic changes that occur postinjury. Few studies have investigated approaches to promote increased physical activity (PA) for people with SCI despite evidence that they face unique barriers, including lack of accessible transportation and exercise equipment. To address these obstacles, we adapted an evidence-based phone-delivered intervention that promoted increased PA among people with SCI into a web-based platform, titled the Workout on Wheels internet intervention (WOWii). The adapted program provides participants with weekly skill-building information and activities, basic exercise equipment, and ongoing support through weekly group videoconferencing.

Objective
This pilot study was conducted to assess the feasibility of using a web-based and virtual format to deliver the WOWii program in a randomized controlled trial.

Methods
We assessed the feasibility of the web-based program by delivering an abbreviated, 4-week version to 10 participants with SCI. Rates of weekly videoconference attendance, activity completion, and exercise activity as tracked by an arm-based activity monitor were recorded for all participants.

Results
Participants averaged 3.3 of 4 (83%) weekly group videoconferences attended, 3.4 of 4 (85%) web-based module activities completed, and 2.3 of 4 (58%) weeks of using the arm-based activity monitor. The majority of the sample (9/10, 90%) synced their arm-based PA monitor at least once, and overall engagement as an average of each component across the 4 weeks was 75%.

Conclusions
The intervention had sufficiently high levels of engagement to be used in a full randomized controlled trial to test its effectiveness in improving levels of PA among people with SCI. The knowledge we gained from this pilot study informed improvements that were made in the full randomized controlled trial.
Patient-Centered Care: Transforming the Health Care System in Vietnam With Support of Digital Health Technology
Authors: Dang Thu Ha , Nguyen Tuan Anh , Hoang Van Minh , Santin Olinda , Tran Oanh Mai Thi , Schofield Penelope 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundOver the recent decades, Vietnam has attained remarkable achievements in all areas of health care. However, shortcomings including health disparities persist particularly with a rapidly aging population. This has resulted in a shift in the disease burden from communicable to noncommunicable diseases such as dementia, cancer, and diabetes. These medical conditions require long-term care, which causes an accelerating crisis for the health sector and society. The current health care system in Vietnam is unlikely to cope with these challenges.ObjectiveThe aim of this paper was to explore the opportunities, challenges, and necessary conditions for Vietnam in transforming toward a patient-centered care model to produce better health for people and reduce health care costs.MethodsWe examine the applicability of a personalized and integrated Bespoke Health Care System (BHS) for Vietnam using a strength, weakness, opportunity, and threat analysis and examining the successes or failures of digital health care innovations in Vietnam. We then make suggestions for successful adoption of the BHS model in Vietnam.ResultsThe BHS model of patient-centered care empowers patients to become active participants in their own health care. Vietnam’s current policy, social, technological, and economic environment favors the transition of its health care system toward the BHS model. Nevertheless, the country is in an early stage of health care digitalization. The legal and regulatory system to protect patient privacy and information security is still lacking. The readiness to implement electronic medical records, a core element of the BHS, varies across health providers and clinical practices. The scarcity of empirical evidence and evaluation regarding the effectiveness and sustainability of digital health initiatives is an obstacle to the Vietnamese government in policymaking, development, and implementation of health care digitalization.ConclusionsImplementing a personalized and integrated health care system may help Vietnam to address health care needs, reduce pressure on the health care system and society, improve health care delivery, and promote health equity. However, in order to adopt the patient-centered care system and digitalized health care, a whole-system approach in transformation and operation with a co-design in the whole span of a digital health initiative developing process are necessary.
Participant Perceptions of Facilitators and Barriers to Adherence in a Digital Mental Health Intervention for a Nonclinical Cohort: Content Analysis
Authors: Renfrew Melanie Elise , Morton Darren Peter , Northcote Maria , Morton Jason Kyle , Hinze Jason Scott , Przybylko Geraldine 
Published: April 2021

Background
Digital mental health promotion interventions (MHPIs) present a scalable opportunity to attenuate the risk of mental health distress among nonclinical cohorts. However, adherence is frequently suboptimal, and little is known about participants’ perspectives concerning facilitators and barriers to adherence in community-based settings.

Objective
This study aimed to examine participants’ perceptions of facilitators and barriers to adherence in a web- and mobile app–based MHPI for a nonclinical cohort.

Methods
This qualitative study used inductive, reflexive thematic analysis to explore free-text responses in a postintervention evaluation of a 10-week digital MHPI. The intervention was administered using a web and mobile app from September to December 2018. Participants (N=320) were Australian and New Zealand members of a faith-based organization who self-selected into the study, owned a mobile phone with messaging capability, had an email address and internet access, were fluent in English, provided informed consent, and gave permission for their data to be used for research. The postintervention questionnaire elicited participants’ perceptions of facilitators and barriers to adherence during the intervention period.

Results
Key factors that facilitated adherence were engaging content, time availability and management, ease of accessibility, easy or enjoyable practical challenges, high perceived value, and personal motivation to complete the intervention. The primary perceived barrier to adherence was the participants’ lack of time. Other barriers included completing and recording practical activities, length of video content, technical difficulties, and a combination of personal factors.

Conclusions
Time scarcity was the foremost issue for the nonclinical cohort engaged in this digital MHPI. Program developers should streamline digital interventions to minimize the time investment for participants. This may include condensed content, optimization of intuitive web and app design, simplified recording of activities, and greater participant autonomy in choosing optional features. Nonetheless, participants identified a multiplicity of other interindividual factors that facilitated or inhibited adherence.
Exploring the Association Between Physical Activity and Risk of Mental Health Disorders in Saudi Arabian Adults: Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Althumiri Nora A , Basyouni Mada H , BinDhim Nasser F 
Published: April 2021

Background
The relationship between physical activity and mental health, especially the symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), has received increasing attention in recent years.

Objective
The aim of this study was to explore the association between fulfilling the World Health Organization (WHO) global recommendations on physical activity and the risk and symptoms of MDD and GAD in the Saudi population.

Methods
This study was a secondary analysis of data from a large nationwide cross-sectional survey conducted via phone interviews in June and July 2020. In this study, a proportional quota sampling technique was used to obtain an equal distribution of participants, stratified by age and gender, across the 13 regions of Saudi Arabia. The main mental health screening tool used for the risk of MDD was the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Risk of GAD was measured using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale. Participants self-reported whether they fulfill the WHO global recommendations on (1) moderate-intensity aerobic physical activity (MIPA) and (2) vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity (VIPA). The results were then analyzed based on the following two categories: fulfilling the WHO global recommendations or not.

Results
The data analysis included 8333 participants recruited in the main study between June and July 2020. The response rate was 81.45% (8333/10,231). Of them, 50.3% (4192/8333) were female, and the mean age was 36.5 years, with a median age of 36 years and a range from 18 to 90 years. The average total PHQ-9 score was 5.61, and the average total GAD-7 score was 4.18. For men, the average total PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores were associated with fulfilling recommendations for MIPA; however, there were no associations for VIPA in both sexes. Fulfilling the WHO’s recommendations for MIPA was associated with considerably fewer depressive symptoms in six of the nine items in the PHQ-9. Moreover, fulfilling recommendations for MIPA was associated with considerably fewer anxiety symptoms in six of the seven items in the GAD-7. However, fulfilling recommendations for VIPA was significantly associated with more depressive symptoms in one of the PHQ-9 items (“Thoughts that you would be better off dead or thoughts of hurting yourself in some way;” P<.001).

Conclusions
This study has shown that fulfilling guidelines on MIPA is associated with less overall risk of MDD and GAD in males and fewer depressive and anxiety symptoms generally in a nonclinical population. In the general population, an increase in MIPA may improve well-being and general mental health.
Pretesting a Poster on Recommended Stress Management During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia: Qualitative Study
Authors: Wati Risa Laras , Ulfa Annisa Sayyidatul , Kevaladandra Zulfa , Shalihat Shelly , Syahadatina Bella , Pratomo Hadi 
Published: April 2021

Background
The COVID-19 Peritraumatic Distress Index (CPDI) is a self-report questionnaire developed to evaluate the frequency of anxiety and depression symptoms among individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic. A recent study in China showed high CPDI scores among individuals in the 18-30 years age group and those over 60 years. During the COVID-19 outbreak, people were expected to maintain their mental health conditions, especially stress levels. Therefore, many national governments actively published health promotion media in an effort to educate the public. One such media developed by the Ministry of Health, Republic of Indonesia, was a poster titled “Hindari Stres dan Tetap Optimis dengan Melakukan Aktivitas Sehari-hari dan Tetap Menjaga Jarak.”

Objective
The aim of this study is to conduct a test on a stress management recommendation poster developed by the Ministry of Health, Republic of Indonesia, in response to the COVID-19 outbreak by using pretesting communication theory.

Methods
In-depth interviews were conducted among 8 key informants and 1 graphic design expert.

Results
Pretesting can identify the strengths and weaknesses of media. The large amount of text and the lack of illustrations made the poster less attractive to readers. Moreover, there was a discrepancy between the title and contents of the poster. The poster was not able to persuade the informants to change their behavior in the near future.

Conclusions
The poster was understood and accepted by the informants, but there was still much to be improved considering the poster was a product of the Ministry of Health, Republic of Indonesia.
The Role of Mental Well-Being and Perceived Parental Supportiveness in Adolescents’ Problematic Internet Use: Moderation Analysis
Authors: Hwang Juwon , Toma Catalina L 
Published: April 2021

Background
Given the growing number of adolescents exhibiting problematic internet use (PIU) and experiencing its harmful consequences, it is important to examine the factors associated with PIU. Existing research has identified perceived parental supportiveness and adolescents’ subjective mental well-being as strong predictors of PIU. However, it is unknown how these factors work together in shaping adolescents’ engagement in PIU.

Objective
This paper aimed to examine the role played by adolescents’ perception of parental supportiveness in conjunction with their subjective mental well-being in shaping their PIU.

Methods
The study analyzed one of the Technology & Adolescent Mental Wellness (TAM) data sets that were collected from a nationally representative cross-sectional sample. Adolescents self-reported their internet use behavior, perceived parental supportiveness, and subjective mental well-being through an online research panel survey. Hierarchical linear regression analysis with an interaction term was performed.

Results
A total of 4592 adolescents, aged 12 to 17 years, completed the survey. Adolescents reported a mean age of 14.61 (SD 1.68) and were 46.4% (2130/4592) female and 66.9% (3370/4592) White. Findings revealed that, controlling for adolescents’ demographics and social media use, higher levels of perceived parental supportiveness (β=–.285, P<.001) and higher levels of subjective mental well-being (β=–.079, P<.001) were associated with a lower likelihood of adolescent PIU. The moderation analysis showed that the negative association between perceived parental supportiveness and PIU was stronger when adolescents reported high (vs low) levels of mental well-being (β=–.191, P<.001).

Conclusions
This study shows that perceived parental supportiveness was a stronger protective factor than adolescents’ mental well-being against PIU. The protective power of perceived parental supportiveness against PIU was strongest when adolescents had high mental well-being. The highest risk of PIU occurred when adolescents’ mental well-being was high, but parents were perceived as unsupportive. Our findings suggest that parental supportiveness should be targeted as part of PIU prevention efforts.