bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impaired vision and physical activity in childhood and adolescence: findings from the Millennium Cohort Study
Authors: Horvat-Gitsels Lisanne Andra , Cortina-Borja Mario , Solebo Ameenat Lola , Rahi Jugnoo Sangeeta 
Published: November 2021

Background/aimsInvestigate if impaired vision is associated with reduced levels and differences in types of physical activity (PA) to identify barriers or enablers to achieving healthy PA levels.MethodsData from the Millennium Cohort Study of children born in the UK in 2000–2001 and followed-up to age 14 years (n=11 571). Using parental report on eye conditions coded by clinicians, children were categorised as having no, unilateral or bilateral impaired vision. Outcomes included objective accelerometer-derived time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and 16 PA types reported by parents, teachers and/or participants, covering physical education (PE), organised sports, self-organised sports and hobbies.ResultsOverall, 50% of 7-year-olds and subsequently 41% as 14-year-olds achieved the internationally recommended level of ≥60 MVPA min/day, irrespective of vision status, and mainly attributable to PE and organised sports. Bilateral impaired vision (vs none) was associated with parent-reported difficulties with PE (adjusted OR, 4.67; 95% CI, 2.31 to 9.41), self-rated poor ability in PE (3.21; 1.44 to 7.15) andnotenjoy indoor PA (0.48; 0.26 to 0.88). Unilateral impaired vision was associated with both parent-rated difficulties (1.80; 1.26 to 2.59) and teachers’ perception of low ability in PE (2.27; 1.57 to 3.28), and reduced odds of high participation in organised sports (0.77; 0.59 to 0.99). Age-related trajectories showed suboptimal PA in childhood tracked into adolescence, with no difference by vision status.ConclusionPopulation-wide programmes to increase PA levels in children should pay special attention to those with impaired vision and include early interventions to encourage participation and confidence in PE and organised sports, starting in primary school and maintained afterwards.
Healthcare costs among patients with macular oedema associated with non-infectious uveitis: a US commercial payer’s perspective
Authors: Hariprasad Seenu M , Joseph George , Gagnon-Sanschagrin Patrick , Serra Elizabeth , Bhattacharyya Subrata , Bédard Jérôme , Guérin Annie , Albini Thomas Arno 
Published: November 2021

ObjectiveTo describe patient characteristics and healthcare costs associated with uveitic macular oedema (UME) in US clinical practices from a commercial payer’s perspective.Methods and analysisThe IBM MarketScan Commercial Subset (1 October 2015–31 March 2020) was used to identify patients with non-infectious uveitis (NIU), with or without UME. Patients with UME at any time were further classified into subgroups of patients who received a UME diagnosis during the study period and those who received a UME diagnosis and local steroid injection (LSI) during the study period. Demographic and clinical characteristics, NIU-related treatments and healthcare costs were described for each cohort and subgroup during the most recent 12 months of continuous health plan enrolment. Healthcare costs were also described by vision status among all patients with NIU.ResultsA total of 36 322 patients with NIU were identified, of whom 3 301 (9.1%) had UME and 33 021 (90.9%) had no UME. Patients with UME more frequently received NIU-related treatment compared with those without UME (64.6% vs 45.0%), particularly LSI treatment (12.5% vs 0.7%). Mean total all-cause healthcare costs per-patient-per-year (PPPY) were higher among patients with UME ($19 851) than patients without UME ($16 188) and were especially high among those with bilateral UME ($24 162). Further, vision loss was more commonly observed in those with UME versus those without UME (5.7% vs 2.2%) and a trend of increasing healthcare costs with increasing vision loss was observed.ConclusionNIU is associated with substantial clinical and economic burden, particularly when UME is present.
Association between triage level and outcomes at Médecins Sans Frontières trauma hospital in Kunduz, Afghanistan, 2015
Authors: Daebes Hadjer Latif , Tounsi Linnea Latifa , Nerlander Maximilian , Gerdin Wärnberg Martin , Jaweed Momer , Mamozai Bashir Ahmad , Nasim Masood , Trelles Miguel , von Schreeb Johan 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundFive million people die annually due to injuries; an increasing part is due to armed conflict in low-income and middle-income countries, demanding resolute emergency trauma care. In Afghanistan, a low-income country that has experienced conflict for over 35 years, conflict related trauma is a significant public health problem. To address this, the non-governmental organisation Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) set up a trauma centre in Kunduz (Kunduz Trauma Centre (KTC)). MSF’s standardised emergency operating procedures include the South African Triage Scale (SATS). To date, there are few studies that assess how triage levels correspond with outcome in low-resource conflict settingsAimThis study aims to assess to what extent SATS triage levels correlated to outcomes in terms of hospital admission, intensive care unit (ICU) admission and mortality for patients treated at KTC.Method and materialsThis retrospective study used routinely collected data from KTC registries. A total of 17 970 patients were included. The outcomes were hospital admission, ICU admission and mortality. The explanatory variable was triage level. Covariates including age, gender and delay to arrival were used. Logistic regression was used to study the correlation between triage level and outcomes.ResultsOut of all patients seeking care, 28.7% were triaged as red or orange. The overall mortality was 0.6%. In total, 90% of those that died and 79% of ICU-admitted patients were triaged as red.ConclusionThe risk of positive and negative outcomes correlated with triage level. None of the patients triaged as green died or were admitted to the ICU whereas 90% of patients who died were triaged as red.
Lepton-flavour non-universality of $${\bar{B}}\rightarrow D^*\ell {{\bar{\nu }}}$$ angular distributions in and beyond the Standard Model
Authors: Bobeth Christoph , Bordone Marzia , Gubernari Nico , Jung Martin , Dyk Danny van 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe analyze in detail the angular distributions in$${\bar{B}}\rightarrow D^*\ell {{\bar{\nu }}}$$B¯→D∗ℓν¯decays, with a focus on lepton-flavour non-universality. We investigate the minimal number of angular observables that fully describes current and upcoming datasets, and explore their sensitivity to physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM) in the most general weak effective theory. We apply our findings to the current datasets, extract the non-redundant set of angular observables from the data, and compare to precise SM predictions that include lepton-flavour universality violating mass effects. Our analysis shows that the number of independent angular observables that can be inferred from current experimental data is limited to only four. These are insufficient to extract the full set of relevant BSM parameters. We uncover a$$\sim 4\sigma $$∼4σtension between data and predictions that is hidden in the redundant presentation of the Belle 2018 data on$${\bar{B}}\rightarrow D^*\ell {{\bar{\nu }}}$$B¯→D∗ℓν¯decays. This tension specifically involves observables that probe$$e-\mu $$e-μlepton-flavour universality. However, we find inconsistencies in these data, which renders results based on it suspicious. Nevertheless, we discuss which generic BSM scenarios could explain the tension, in the case that the inconsistencies do not affect the data materially. Our findings highlight that$$e-\mu $$e-μnon-universality in the SM, introduced by the finite muon mass, is already significant in a subset of angular observables with respect to the experimental precision.
Integrable cosmological models with an additional scalar field
Authors: Ivanov Vsevolod R. , Vernov Sergey Yu. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe consider modified gravity cosmological models that can be transformed into two-field chiral cosmological models by the conformal metric transformation. For the $$R^2$$

R
2

gravity model with an additional scalar field and the corresponding two-field model with the cosmological constant and nonstandard kinetic part of the action, the general solutions have been obtained in the spatially flat FLRW metric. We analyze the correspondence of the cosmic time solutions obtained and different possible evolutions of the Hubble parameters in the Einstein and Jordan frames.
Improved Outside-In Suture through the Joint Capsule to Repair the Palmer I-B Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex Superficial Injury
Authors: Xu Tonglong , Pan Xiaoyun , Mi Jingyi 
Published: November 2021

Background. The treatment of type I-B triangular fibrocartilage complex superficial injury is always a challenge to orthopedists. The traditional outside-in suture method often causes a risk of nervous irritation. We designed a modified outside-in suture through the joint capsule to repair the Palmer I-B triangular fibrocartilage complex superficial injury. Methods. From December 2014 to December 2018, we retrospectively collected the medical records of 18 patients in our hospital who used the modified outside-in suture through the joint capsule to repair type I-B triangular fibrocartilage complex superficial injury. Among them, there were 12 males and 6 females, with an average age of 36.2 years. There were 6 cases on the left side and 12 cases on the right side. Record the healing time of all patients after surgery and the occurrence of related complications, and record the pain visual analogue scale (VAS), grip strength, wrist flexion and extension, radioulnar deviation and forearm rotation range of motion, modified Mayo wrist joint function score, and disability of arm-shoulder-hand (DASH) score before operation and at the last follow-up. Results. One patient was lost to follow-up, and a total of 17 patients received the final follow-up. Patients were followed up for 24 to 36 months, with an average of

29.6
±
3.0

months. No wound infection, nerve damage, or irritation occurred after the operation. At the last follow-up, 15 cases of wrist pain disappeared completely, and 2 cases had mild discomfort during exercise. At the last follow-up, VAS decreased from

3.8
±
0.7

points before operation to

0.8
±
0.7

points (

P
<
0.05

); grip strength increased from

15.1
±
3.1

kg before operation to

23.2
±
1.5

kg (

P
<
0.05

); wrist flexion and extension, radioulnar deflection, and forearm rotational mobility increased from

116.3
±
2.2

°,

37.0
±
3.5

°, and

141.6
±
2.2

° before operation to

117.2
±
2.5

° (

P
<
0.05

),

38.9
±
3.0

° (

P
<
0.05

), and

142.4
±
1.9

° (

P
<
0.05

), respectively; the modified Mayo wrist joint function score increased from

66.1
±
3.6

points to

82.5
±
3.9

points (

P
<
0.05

), of which 10 cases were excellent, 5 cases were good, 2 cases were fair, and the excellent and good rate was 88.2%; DASH score improved from

37.0
±
5.7

points preoperatively to

8.0
±
2.5

points (

P
<
0.05

). Conclusion. The modified outside-in suture through the joint capsule to repair the superficial injury of Palmer I-B triangular fibrocartilage complex has a good clinical effect and is worthy of clinical widespread promotion.
A Systematic Review of Augmented Reality Applications for Automated Driving: 2009–2020
Authors: Riegler Andreas , Riener Andreas , Holzmann Clemens 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
While augmented reality (AR) interfaces have been researched extensively over the last decades, studies on their application in vehicles have only recently advanced. In this article, we systematically review 12 years of AR research in the context of automated driving (AD), from 2009 to 2020. Due to the multitude of possibilities for studies with regard to AR technology, at present, the pool of findings is heterogeneous and non-transparent. From a review of the literature we identified N=156 papers with the goal to analyze the status quo of existing AR studies in AD, and to classify the related literature into application areas. We provide insights into the utilization of AR technology used at different levels of vehicle automation, and for different users (drivers, passengers, pedestrians) and tasks. Results show that most studies focused on safety aspects, driving assistance, and designing non-driving-related tasks. AR navigation, trust in automated vehicles (AVs), and interaction experiences also marked a significant portion of the published papers; however, a wide range of different parameters was investigated by researchers. Among other things, we find that there is a growing trend toward simulating AR content within virtual driving simulators. We conclude with a discussion of open challenges, and give recommendations for future research in automated driving at the AR side of the reality-virtuality continuum.
Distinct Impacts of ENSO on Haze Pollution in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region between Early and Late Winters
Authors: Zhao Wei , Chen Shangfeng , Zhang Hengde , Wang Jikang , Chen Wen , Wu Renguang , Xing Wanqiu , Wang Zhibiao , Hu Peng , Piao Jinling , Ma Tianjiao 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region has encountered increasingly severe and frequent haze pollution during recent decades. This study reveals that El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has distinctive impacts on interannual variations of haze pollution over BTH in early and late winters. The impact of ENSO on the haze pollution over the BTH is strong in early winter, but weak in late winter. In early winter, ENSO-related sea surface temperature anomalies generate double-cell Walker circulation anomalies, with upward motion anomalies over the tropical central-eastern Pacific and tropical Indian Ocean, and downward motion anomalies over the tropical western Pacific. The ascending motion and enhanced atmospheric heating anomalies over the tropical Indian Ocean trigger atmospheric teleconnection propagating from the north Indian Ocean to East Asia, and result in the generation of an anticyclonic anomaly over Northeast Asia. The associated southerly anomalies to the west side lead to more serious haze pollution via reducing surface wind speed and increasing low-level humidity and the thermal inversion. The strong contribution of the Indian Ocean heating anomalies to the formation of the anticyclonic anomaly over Northeast Asia in early winter can be confirmed by atmospheric model numerical experiments. In late winter, vertical motion and precipitation anomalies are weak over the tropical Indian Ocean related to ENSO. As such, ENSO cannot induce a clear anticyclonic anomaly over Northeast Asia via atmospheric teleconnection, and thus has a weak impact on the haze pollution over BTH. Further analysis shows that stronger ENSO-induced atmospheric heating anomalies over the tropical Indian Ocean in early winter are partially due to higher mean SST and precipitation there.

Significance Statement
There exist large discrepancies regarding the contribution of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events to the wintertime haze pollution over North China. Several studies have indicated that ENSO has a weak impact on the haze pollution over North China. However, some studies have argued that ENSO events can exert impacts on the occurrence of haze pollution over North China. In this study, we present evidence to demonstrate that ENSO has distinctive impacts on interannual variations of the haze pollution over the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region in North China in early and late winters. Specifically, ENSO has a strong impact on the haze pollution over BTH in early winter, whereas the impact of ENSO on the haze pollution over BTH is fairly weak in late winter. Results of this study could reconcile the discrepancy of previous studies about the impact of ENSO on the haze pollution over North China.
The Implication of Outflow Structure for the Rapid Intensification of Tropical Cyclones under Vertical Wind Shear
Authors: Shi Donglei , Chen Guanghua 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The implication of outflow structure for tropical cyclone (TC) rapid intensification (RI) is investigated via a climatological study using the best track, reanalysis, and infrared brightness temperature data during 1980–2019. Composite analyses are performed in a shear-relative framework for the RI events under different strengths of environmental shear. Results show that for the RI events under moderate (4.5–11 m s−1) or strong (>11 m s−1) environmental shear the RI onset follows a significant increase of upper-level outflow upshear of the storm, which is intimately linked with the increasing active convection upshear. The intensified outflow blocks the upper-level environmental flow and thus decreases the local shear, building an environment favorable for RI. In contrast, the RI under weak environmental shear (<4.5 m s−1) is found to be less attributed to this outflow-blocking mechanism. Comparison between the RI and non-RI cases under moderate or strong environmental shear reveals that the RI cases tend to have stronger outflow and convection in the upshear flank than the non-RI cases, confirming the importance of outflow blocking on the occurrence of RI. Statistical analysis further indicates that the 24-h future intensity change under moderate or strong shear is more negatively correlated with the local shear than with the environmental shear, implicating the potential of local shear and upshear outflow as predictors to improve the forecasting of TC intensity change and especially RI. Further analysis suggests that the environmental thermodynamic conditions may play an important role in modulating the upshear convection and thus outflow blocking.
Association between proton-pump inhibitors and the risk of gastric cancer: a systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Segna Daniel , Brusselaers Nele , Glaus Damian , Krupka Niklas , Misselwitz Benjamin 
Published: November 2021

Introduction: The use of proton-pump inhibitors (PPI) may be associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer (GC). Objective: To review and meta-analyse available literature investigating the association between PPI use and GC risk. Methods: Two independent reviewers systematically searched Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library (inception to July 2020) for case-control and cohort studies assessing the association between PPI use and GC according to a predefined protocol in PROSPERO (CRD42018102536). Reviewers independently assessed study quality, extracted data, and meta-analysed available and newly calculated odds ratios (ORs) using a random-effects model, and stratified for GC site (cardia versus non-cardia) and PPI duration (<1 year, 1–3 years, >3 years). Results: We screened 2,396 records and included five retrospective cohort and eight case-control studies comprising 1,662,881 individuals in our meta-analysis. In random-effect models, we found an increased GC risk in PPI users [OR: 1.94, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.47–2.56] with high statistical heterogeneity ( I2 = 82%) and overall moderate risk of bias. Stratified analyses indicated a significant risk increase in non-cardia (OR: 2.20, 95% CI: 1.44–3.36, I2 = 77%) with a similar non-significant trend in cardia regions (OR: 1.77, 95% CI: 0.72–4.36, I2 = 66%). There was no GC increase with longer durations of PPI exposure (<1 year: OR: 2.29, 95% CI: 2.13–2.47, I2 = 0%; 1–3 years: OR: 1.46, 95% CI: 0.53–4.01, I2 = 35%; >3 years: OR: 2.08, 95% CI: 0.56–7.77, I2 = 61%). Conclusion: We found a twofold increased GC risk among PPI users, but this association does not confirm causation and studies are highly heterogeneous. PPI should only be prescribed when strictly indicated.
Assessing Preparedness of Labor and Delivery Personnel in Transferring to a New Unit
Authors: Simmons Cassandra , Allison Claire , Kee Jayde , Ballas Derek 
Published: November 2021

Objectives: This case study intends to examine how staff characteristics, training methods, and duration of training impact overall staff preparedness and comfortability when transitioning to a new Labor and Delivery. Background: A new medical facility offers an opportunity for greater capacity and expanding services, but it also poses new challenges for staff. Success in this transition depends on how quickly the staff can adapt to their new environment and how prepared they are to deliver high-quality care to patients. Methods: An optional survey was conducted to determine the staff’s confidence in their training using a 5-point Likert-type scale. Results: After responses were collected, a paired samples two-sided t test revealed that there was no statistically significant change in the confidence and preparedness for staff. Conclusions: With this overall outcome, medical facilities will have more discernment on ways to improve their employees’ trust and confidence in performing their tasks and providing care while in a new environment. This will then be reflected in the care given toward patients in the future.
Germline GATA1s-generating mutations predispose to leukemia with acquired trisomy 21 and Down syndrome-like phenotype
Authors: Hasle Henrik , Kline Ronald M. , Kjeldsen Eigil , Nik-Abdul-Rashid Nik F. , Bhojwani Deepa , Verboon Jeffrey M. , DiTroia Stephanie P. , Chao Katherine R. , Raaschou-Jensen Klas , Palle Josefine , Zwaan C. Michel , Nyvold Charlotte Guldborg , Sankaran Vijay G. , Cantor Alan B. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Individuals with Down syndrome are at increased risk of myeloid leukemia in early childhood, which is associated with acquisition of GATA1 mutations that generate a short GATA1 isoform called GATA1s. Germline GATA1s-generating mutations result in congenital anemia in males. We report on 2 unrelated families that harbor germline GATA1s-generating mutations in which several members developed acute megakaryoblastic leukemia in early childhood. All evaluable leukemias had acquired trisomy 21 or tetrasomy 21. The leukemia characteristics overlapped with those of myeloid leukemia associated with Down syndrome, including age of onset at younger than 4 years, unique immunophenotype, complex karyotype, gene expression patterns, and drug sensitivity. These findings demonstrate that the combination of trisomy 21 and GATA1s-generating mutations results in a unique myeloid leukemia independent of whether the GATA1 mutation or trisomy 21 is the primary or secondary event and suggest that there is a unique functional cooperation between GATA1s and trisomy 21 in leukemogenesis. The family histories also indicate that germline GATA1s-generating mutations should be included among those associated with familial predisposition for myelodysplastic syndrome and leukemia.