bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Keratoconjunctivitis sicca in dogs under primary veterinary care in theUK: an epidemiological study
Authors: O'Neill D. G. , Brodbelt D. C. , Keddy A. , Church D. B. , Sanchez R. F. 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesTo estimate the frequency and breed‐related risk factors for keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) in dogs under UK primary veterinary care.MethodsAnalysis of cohort electronic patient record data through the VetCompass Programme. Risk factor analysis used multivariable logistic regression.ResultsThere were 1456 KCS cases overall from 363,898 dogs [prevalence 0.40%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.38–0.42] and 430 incident cases during 2013 (1‐year incidence risk 0.12%, 95% CI 0.11–0.13). Compared with crossbreds, breeds with the highest odds ratio (aOR) for KCS included American cocker spaniel (aOR 52.33: 95% CI 30.65–89.37), English bulldog (aOR 37.95: 95% CI 26.54–54.28), pug (aOR 22.09: 95% CI 15.15–32.2) and Lhasa apso (aOR 21.58: 95% CI 16.29–28.57). Conversely, Labrador retrievers (aOR 0.23: 95% CI 0.1–0.52) and border collie (aOR 0.30: 95% CI 0.11–0.82) had reduced odds. Brachycephalic dogs had 3.63 (95% CI 3.24–4.07) times odds compared to mesocephalics. Spaniels had 3.03 (95% CI 2.69–3.40) times odds compared to non‐spaniels. Dogs weighing at or above the mean bodyweight for breed/sex had 1.25 (95% CI 1.12–1.39) times odds compared to body weights below. Advancing age was strongly associated with increased odds.Clinical significanceQuantitative tear tests are recommended within yearly health examinations for breeds with evidence of predisposition to KCS and might also be considered in the future within eye testing for breeding in predisposed breeds. Breed predisposition to KCS suggests that breeding strategies could aim to reduce extremes of facial conformation.
Impaired alpha rhythm in bad sleeper during nap: A high‐density electroencephalogram study
Authors: Zhao Xiangyue , Chen Xinyuan , Duan Wei , Zhao Wenrui , Lei Xu 
Published: June 2021

SummaryAs the pace of life accelerates, poor sleep quality has become a common health problem. A wealth of sleep studies based on electroencephalogram (EEG) have found that poor sleep quality has decreased alpha rhythm during night‐time sleep. However, whether the EEG rhythm during an afternoon nap has a similar impairment has seldom been investigated. By recruiting 35 subjects for a 90‐min nap, we explored the relationship between sleep quality and the alpha rhythm, and the contribution of naps to subjective sleep experience. We found that the power of alpha rhythm in the occipital lobe negatively correlated with sleep quality. However, there was no correlation between the sleep quality at night and the sleep duration of the nap, nor the sleep quality and the proportion of each sleep period of a nap. Our present results indicated that the quality of night‐time sleep did not affect the macrostructure of the nap. Interestingly, the negative correlation between the alpha rhythm of a nap and sleep quality at night continuously existed in Wake, N1 sleep, and N2 sleep, and had the most substantial value during N2 sleep of a nap. This implies that an impaired occipital lobe alpha rhythm is a robust biomarker for poor sleep. The research is of particular significance for developing electrical neural stimulation therapy to improve sleep quality, especially for the stimuli regions for selection and the time windows for implementation.
Early social deprivation shapes neuronal programming of the social decision‐making network in a cooperatively breeding fish
Authors: Antunes Diogo F. , Teles Magda C. , Zuelling Matthew , Friesen Caitlin N. , Oliveira Rui F. , Aubin‐Horth Nadia , Taborsky Barbara 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe early social environment an animal experiences may have pervasive effects on its behaviour. The social decision‐making network (SDMN), consisting of interconnected brain nuclei from the forebrain and midbrain, is involved in the regulation of behaviours during social interactions. In species with advanced sociality such as cooperative breeders, offspring are exposed to a large number and a great diversity of social interactions every day of their early life. This diverse social environment may have life‐long consequences on the development of several neurophysiological systems within the SDMN, although these effects are largely unknown. We studied these life‐long effects in a cooperatively breeding fish, Neolamprologus pulcher, focusing on the expression of genes involved in the monoaminergic and stress response systems in the SDMN. N. pulcher fry were raised until an age of 2 months either with their parents, subordinate helpers and same‐clutch siblings (+F), or with same‐clutch siblings only (−F). Analysis of the expression of glucocorticoid receptor, mineralocorticoid receptor, corticotropin releasing factor, dopamine receptors 1 and 2, serotonin transporter and DNA methyltransferase 1 genes showed that early social experiences altered the neurogenomic profile of the preoptic area. Moreover, the dopamine receptor 1 gene was up‐regulated in the preoptic area of −F fish compared to +F fish. −F fish also showed up‐regulation of GR1 expression in the dorsal medial telencephalon (functional equivalent to the basolateral amygdala), and in the dorsolateral telencephalon (functional equivalent to the hippocampus). Our results suggest that early social environment has life‐long effects on the development of several neurophysiological systems within the SDMN.
Impact of delayed device re‐implantation on outcomes of patients with cardiovascular implantable electronic device related infective endocarditis
Authors: Arshad Verda , Baddour Larry M. , Lahr Brian D. , Khalil Sarwat , Tariq Wajeeha , Talha Khawaja Muhammad , Cha Yong‐Mei , DeSimone Daniel C. , Sohail M. Rizwan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundOptimal timing of cardiovascular implantable electronic device (CIED) re‐implantation following device removal due to infection is undefined. Multinational guidelines reflect this and include no specific recommendation for this timing, while others have recommended waiting at least 14 days in cases of CIED related infective endocarditis (CIED‐IE). The current work seeks to clarify this issue.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed institutional data at Mayo Clinic, Minnesota of patients aged ≥ 18 years who developed CIED‐IE from January 1, 1991 to February 1, 2016. CIED‐IE was defined as echocardiogram reported device lead or valvular vegetation. Regression analyses were used to relate the risk of clinical outcomes to the interval between CIED removal and re‐implantation and the location of vegetations.ResultsA total of 109 patients met study inclusion criteria. A majority (68.8%) of patients were men and the median age was 68.0 years. Transoesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) was performed in 95.4% of patients, with valve vegetations detected in 33.9% (n = 37). Survival analysis comparing patients in whom device re‐implantation was < 14 days vs. ≥14 days, and further categorized by those with and without valve vegetation, showed a significant difference (P = 0.028); patients with valve vegetation and reimplantation interval < 14 days had the lowest (58.7%) 12‐month survival. When adjusted for valve vegetation, longer time interval for reimplantation trended toward increased hospital length of stay (P = 0.079).ConclusionOur findings suggest that the recommended 14‐day delay between CIED extraction and re‐implantation in CIED‐IE patients is associated with a survival benefit, but longer length of hospital stay following re‐implantation.
Impact of magnetic resonance imaging on functional integrity of non‐conditional cardiovascular implantable electronic devices
Authors: Dahiya Garima , Wetzel Adam , Kyvernitakis Andreas , Gevenosky Loretta , Williams Ronald , Shah Moneal , Farah Victor , Doyle Mark , Biederman Robert WW 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundCardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) have historically restricted the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) due to the potential clinical and configurational risks associated with electromagnetic interference. In this study, the authors investigated the impact of MRI on the functional integrity of non‐conditional CIEDs and their clinical correlates.MethodsIn this prospective, observational single‐center study, we enrolled patients undergoing MRI over a 5‐year period. Prior to assessing the impact of MRI on CIEDs, we performed interrogations in sequential duplication to assess the intrinsic variability of devices. Subsequently, we performed interrogations immediately after MRI, and monitored changes in device parameters and clinical events.ResultsWe completed 492 MRI studies, 58% in patients with permanent pacemakers (PPMs) and 42% with implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs). Subsequent MRI exposures occurred in 15% encounters. Accounting for intrinsic variability in CIED leads, there were no significant changes in RA, RV, or LV parameters after MRI, regardless of the region imaged (thoracic vs. non‐thoracic), type of CIED (PPMs vs. ICDs) and among those with serial MRIs. When ranked for % change pre‐ to post‐MRI, the majority of RA, RV, and LV metrics for thresholds, sensing, and impedance conformed to ≤20% change from baseline. No significant clinical adverse cardiac events or effect on device microcircuitry occurred during the study.ConclusionIncorporating a novel reproducibility tactic, there were neither clinically meaningful device parameter changes nor adverse clinical events during or following MRIs, suggesting the effects of MRI on non‐conditional CIED integrity are far less than previously perceived.
Caregiver‐reported outcomes of pediatric transplantation: Changes and predictors at 6 months post‐transplant
Authors: Cushman Grace , Gutierrez‐Colina Ana M. , Lee Jennifer L. , Rich Kristin Loiselle , Mee Laura L. , Rea Kelly , Blount Ronald L. , Eaton Cyd K. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundIt is widely assumed that pediatric solid organ transplantation results in better caregiver‐reported outcomes, including reduced caregiver psychological distress and increased child health‐related quality of life (HRQOL), yet little empirical evidence of this expectation exists. The current investigation aims to fill this gap and identify key clinical course factors predictive of caregiver‐reported outcomes.MethodsForty‐nine caregivers of children (Mage = 10.30 years, SD = 5.43) presenting for kidney, liver, or heart transplant evaluation reported on their psychological distress levels (anxiety, depression, somatization, and global psychological stress) and their children's HRQOL at children's pretransplant evaluations and 6 months post‐transplant. Clinical course factors were abstracted via medical chart review.ResultsCaregivers did not report significant changes in their psychological distress from pre‐ to post‐transplant but reported significantly improved child HRQOL across most domains (ds = −.45 to −.54). Higher post‐transplant caregiver global psychological distress was predicted by older child age, shorter time since diagnosis, and lower pretransplant caregiver‐reported child HRQOL even after controlling for pretransplant caregiver psychological distress. Lower post‐transplant child total HRQOL was predicted by more post‐transplant hospitalizations even after controlling for pretransplant child total HRQOL.ConclusionsThese preliminary results indicate pediatric solid organ transplantation was associated with some improved caregiver‐reported outcomes, specifically children's HRQOL, but not caregivers’ psychological distress. Linear regression models identify several clinical course and pretransplant factors associated with transplantation outcomes. Characterizing how caregivers view their psychological distress levels and children's HRQOL across the transplantation process could inform family‐centered holistic care and support caregiver adaptation to transplantation.
Association between interpregnancy interval and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: Effect modification by maternal age
Authors: Gebremedhin Amanuel T. , Tessema Gizachew A. , Regan Annette K. , Pereira Gavin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundShort and long interpregnancy intervals (IPI) are associated with increased risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, yet whether this association is modified by maternal age remains unclear.ObjectivesTo examine if the association between IPI and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy varies by maternal age at birth prior to IPI.MethodsWe conducted a population‐based cohort study of all mothers who had their first two (n = 169 896) consecutive births in Western Australia (WA) between 1980 and 2015. We estimated the risk of preeclampsia and gestational hypertension for 6 to 60 months of IPI according to maternal age at birth prior to IPI (<20 years, 20‐24, 25‐29, 30‐34 and ≥35 years). We modelled IPI using restricted cubic splines and reported adjusted relative risk (RRs) with 95% CI at 6, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 months, with 18 months as reference.ResultsThe risk of preeclampsia was increased at longer IPIs (60 months) compared to 18 months for mothers 35 years or older (RR 2.19, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.14, 4.18) and to a lesser extent for mothers 30‐ to 34 years old (RR 1.43, 95% CI 1.10, 1.84). Compared to 18 months, the risk of preeclampsia was lower at 12 months of IPI for mothers younger than 20 years (RR 0.74, 95% CI 0.57, 0.96), but not for mothers 35 years or older (RR 0.62, 95% CI 0.36, 1.07). There was insufficient evidence for increased risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy at shorter IPIs of <18 months for mothers of all ages.ConclusionsOur findings challenge the “one size fits all” recommendation for an optimal IPI, and a more tailored approach to family planning counselling may be required to improve health.
Results of drug‐eluting stent in significant restenosis of the hemodialysis access: An initial study
Authors: Hongsakul Keerati , Akkakrisee Surasit , Bannangkoon Kittipitch , Boonsrirat Ussanee , Premprabha Dhanakom , Juntarapatin Pong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to report the 12‐month results of drug‐eluting stent (DES) for the treatment of significant restenosis of the hemodialysis access.Materials and methodsA total of 14 patients (seven men and seven women; median age 70 years; range of 50–83 years) with significant restenosis of hemodialysis accesses were enrolled from January 2017 to December 2018. A total of 10 arteriovenous graft (AVG) and four arteriovenous fistulae were treated with DES. Study outcomes included primary patency of the target lesion and circuit.ResultsVenous anastomosis of the AVG was the most common target lesion for DES insertion (nine hemodialysis accesses). The range of follow‐up time was 12–36 months. Primary patency rates of target lesion before DES (patency for last conventional balloon angioplasty [CBA]) versus target lesion after DES at 6 and 12 months were 29% versus 100% and 7% versus 86% (p < 0.001). Primary patency rates of pre‐DES circuit (patency for last CBA) versus post‐DES circuit at 6 and 12 months were 29% versus 64% and 7% versus 29%, respectively (p = 0.058).ConclusionDES might improve the patency rate of target lesion in patients with significant restenosis of the hemodialysis access.
Toward a Resolute Reading ofBeing and Time: Heidegger, Wittgenstein, and the Dilemma between Inconsistency and Ineffability
Authors: Nir Gilad 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBoth Heidegger and Wittgenstein consider the possibility of a philosophical inquiry of an absolutely universal scope—an inquiry into the being of all beings, in Heidegger’s case, and into the logical form of everything that can be meaningfully said, in Wittgenstein’s. Moreover, they both raise the worry that the theoretical language by means of which we speak of particular beings and assert particular facts is not suitable for this task. And yet their own philosophical work seems to include many assertions of ordinary, theoretical language. Are they being inconsistent? Or are they hoping to use theoretical language in a way that conveys what cannot be said in that language? Much of the scholarship on each of these thinkers takes the form of one of the two horns of this dilemma. In the context of Wittgenstein scholarship, however, a third alternative has been proposed: the “resolute” reading of theTractatus. My aim is to establish the availability of a similar solution to Heidegger’s predicament. It will emerge that Heidegger rejects the possibility of a theoretical account of being and pursues a project of a radically different sort, the goal of which is to bring about a transformation of our fundamental relation to being.
Utility of the Sonoclot analyzer to assess hyperfibrinolysis in dogs
Authors: Buriko Yekaterina , Hess Rebecka S. , Pfeifer Julie M. , Silverstein Deborah C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundCoagulation abnormalities, including hyperfibrinolysis, have been documented in sick veterinary patients. Viscoelastic tests, including the Sonoclot Coagulation and Platelet Function Analyzer, are useful in detecting hyperfibrinolysis. Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) assays have been used to quantify fibrinolysis using thromboelastography.ObjectivesWe aimed to document and evaluate changes in the whole blood of healthy dogs exposed to in vitro tPA at varying concentrations using the Sonoclot analyzer.MethodsTen milliliters of blood was collected from healthy adult dogs. Sonoclot tests were run in duplicate and included a control sample and five tPA concentrations: 50, 75, 100, 150, and 200 IU/mL of blood.ResultsEleven dogs were enrolled in the study. Based on standard Sonoclot Signature changes, a numeric value fibrinolysis time (FTi) was derived to aid in the quantification of hyperfibrinolysis. Activated clotting time and clot rate Sonoclot values were not significantly affected by any tPA concentration. There was a significant decrease in platelet function (PF) at tPA concentrations equal to and above 75 IU/mL on channel 1 and tPA concentrations of 150 IU/mL and higher on channel 2. There was a progressive decrease in FTi at increasing tPA concentrations.ConclusionsThe Sonoclot analyzer can be used to evaluate hyperfibrinolysis. Predictable changes were seen in the Sonoclot Signature and a decrease in PF and FTi was found with increasing tPA concentrations. The Sonoclot assay with a tPA concentration of 100 IU/mL is suggested a baseline measure of hyperfibrinolysis and has a resultant median FTi of 42 minutes, which is a practical time for clinical applications.
Stress Distributions Around Hydrostatically Loaded Circular Holes in the Neighborhood of Corners
Authors: Durelli A. J. , Kobayashi A. S. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The stress distributions around hydrostatically loaded circular holes in the neighborhood of corners was determined by using photoelasticity and brittle coatings. Photoelasticity (by means of a diffused-light polariscope) was used to determine the maximum shear lines (isochromatics), and brittle coatings were used to determine the directions of the principal stresses (isostatics). Tests were conducted for six plates with different ratios of hole radius to hole distance to the exterior boundary of plate (R/L). The results of these tests are presented in the form of curves. These curves show the distribution of the maximum shear stress along the diagonal of the plate, the maximum principal stress along the edges of the plate and of the hole, and the maximum shear stress along a perpendicular line to the exterior boundary drawn from the center of the hole. All these values are given as a function of R/L. Curves also are presented which compare the stresses on the diagonal of the plate at the boundary of the hole with the stresses computed using Lamé’s equation for a thick-walled cylinder. Comparisons also are made with the results obtained by Jeffery for a semi-infinite plate with a circular hole subjected to a hydrostatic pressure. All results are given in dimensionless form with the applied pressure as reference. The results published in this paper are new, but the techniques used have been described previously in papers by researchers from the Armour Research Foundation.
The Calculation of Optimum Concentrated Damping for Continuous Systems
Authors: Plunkett R. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A method is presented for calculating the optimum concentrated damping for the vibration of continuous systems. It is applied to (a) a string damped near one end, (b) a cantilever beam driven at the center and damped at the free end, (c) a uniform blade with dovetail damping, and (d) the damped dynamic absorber. Aside from the specific results which are shown in the examples, there are some general conclusions. The vibration velocity and vibratory force are not necessarily in phase at maximum amplitude for optimum damping. The decay rate at optimum damping is not necessarily related to amplification at resonance, i.e. δ ≠ π / Q
A Compressible Elastic, Perfectly Plastic Wedge
Authors: Bland D. R. , Naghdi P. M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This paper is concerned with a compressible elastic-plastic wedge of an included angle β &lt; π/2 in the state of plane strain. The solution, deduced for an isotropic nonwork-hardening material, employs Tresca’s yield criterion and the associated flow rules. By means of a numerical example the solution is compared with that of an incompressible elastic-plastic wedge in one case (β = π/4) for various positions of the elastic-plastic boundary.
On the Sloshing of Liquid in a Flexible Tank
Authors: Miles J. W. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The kinetic and potential energies of an incompressible fluid having a free surface in a cylindrical tank subjected to translation, rotation, and simple bending are derived in the forms 1 2 ∑ i ∑ j m i j q . i q . j and 1 2 ∑ i ∑ j k i j q i q j where the qi (t) are generalized co-ordinates. The results are illustrated by a calculation of the frequency equation for coupled bending and free-surface motions. It is found that if the mass of the empty tank is small compared with that of the liquid and the depth of the liquid is equal to the tank diameter the presence of the free surface increases the bending frequency (relative to that calculated with a plane cap that coincides with the liquid surface and is normal to the axis of the cylinder) by about 5 per cent for cantilever bending oscillations and 27 per cent for free-free bending oscillations.
Co-Ordinates Which Uncouple the Equations of Motion of Damped Linear Dynamic Systems
Authors: Foss K. A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Orthogonality relations between the eigenvectors of damped linear dynamic systems with lumped parameters are derived; and from these relations co-ordinates are found in terms of which uncoupled equations of motion can be written. Methods are developed for determining transient stresses in terms of these co-ordinates. The present treatment is extended to systems involving transient damping and to continuous systems.
Ductile Fracture Instability in Shear
Authors: McClintock F. A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
It is postulated that fracture occurs in an elastic-plastic, nonwork-hardening material subject to pure shear when a critical shear strain is attained throughout a critical volume of material. This postulate is combined with the classical equations of plasticity to predict when cracking will initiate from a notch at nominal shear stresses below the yield stress, when the crack will become unstable on increase of stress, and when unstable cracking will occur if a notch is cut while a constant nominal stress is maintained. Tests on aluminum foil under biaxial tensile stress show results similar to those predicted by the theory.