bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and factors associated with fertility desire among people living with HIV: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yan Xiang , Du Jie , Ji GuoPing 
Published: March 2021

Background
The fertility desire of people living with HIV (PLHIV) has been rising in the past decade. However, there are many studies among which the association remains controversial between the fertility desire of HIV-infected persons and antiretroviral therapy (ART), sex, marital status, and educational level.

Methods
We performed a literature search of these meta-analyses in PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science and ScienceDirect in November 2019. We also reviewed references of eligible studies to complement the search. We used pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) with a random-effects model and a fixed-effects model to estimate the association between fertility desire among PLHIV and ART, sex, age, marital status, educational level, and number of children. Subgroups with I square values (I2) and sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the heterogeneity and the stability of the overall ORs, respectively. We evaluated publication bias using Egger’s test and a visual inspection of the symmetry in funnel plots.

Results
In these meta-analyses 50 articles were included with 22,367 subjects. The pooled prevalence of fertility desire among PLHIV was estimated to be 42.04%. The pooled analyses showed that the fertility desire of PLHIV is associated with ART (OR = 1.11, 95% CI:1.00–1.23, P = 0.043), sex (OR = 1.51, 95% CI:1.10–2.09), age (OR = 2.65, 95% CI:2.24–3.14), marital status (OR = 1.34, 95% CI:1.08–1.66), educational level (OR = 0.85, 95% CI:0.73–1.00, P = 0.047) and the number of children (OR = 3.99, 95% CI:3.06–5.20). PLHIV who are on ART, are male, are younger than 30, are married/cohabiting, have received a secondary education or above, and are childless have a higher prevalence of fertility desire. The two factors of age and the number of children, in particular demonstrated a strong significant association with fertility desire. We found moderate heterogeneity in the meta-analyses of age and educational level and high heterogeneity in the meta-analyses of sex, marital status and number of children. Publication bias was detected in the meta-analyses of the association of fertility with sex and educational level.

Conclusion
This study demonstrates that the prevalence of fertility desire among HIV-infected people is 42.04%, and the fertility desire among PLHIV is associated with ART experience, sex, age, marital status, the number of children, and educational level. Since a majority of PLHIV are of reproductive age, it is necessary to support PLHIV in terms of their needs regarding reproductive decision-making. Through counseling and reproductive health care, further measures to prevent the horizontal and vertical transmission of HIV should be taken.
Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth in Functional Dyspepsia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Gurusamy Saravana Ruban , Shah Ayesha , Talley Nicholas J. , Koloski Natasha , Jones Michael P. , Walker Marjorie M. , Morrison Mark , Holtmann Gerald 
Published: March 2021

INTRODUCTION:
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the role of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) in patients with functional dyspepsia (FD).

METHODS:
Electronic databases were searched until July 2020 for studies reporting prevalence of SIBO in FD. The prevalence rates, odds ratio, and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of SIBO in FD and controls were calculated.

RESULTS:
Seven studies with 263 patients with FD and 84 controls were identified. The odds for SIBO in patients with FD were significantly higher as compared to that in controls (odds ratio = 4.3, 95% CI, 1.1–17.5, 4 studies, 234 participants); however, there was moderate heterogeneity in this analysis. Including high-quality, case-control studies (all using glucose breath tests [GBTs]), the risk of SIBO in patients with FD as compared to controls was 2.8 higher (95% CI 0.8–10.0, 3 studies, 200 participants) with minimal heterogeneity in this analysis. Using the lactulose breath test, SIBO prevalence in FD was significantly higher (53.4%, 95% CI 33.9–71.9, 3 studies, 110 participants) as compared to that with GBT (17.2%, 95% CI 8.6–31.6, 4 studies, 153 participants). Substantial heterogeneity was found in studies using the lactulose breath test but not in studies using GBT. There was no significant difference in SIBO prevalence in patients with FD according to FD subtype.

DISCUSSION:
This meta-analysis suggests a link between FD and SIBO. The quality of evidence is low and can be largely attributed to the type of breath test for SIBO diagnosis and clinical heterogeneity. More appropriately designed studies are required to confirm the link between SIBO and FD.
A Morphing Technique Applied to Lung Motions in Radiotherapy: Preliminary Results
Authors: Laurent R. , Henriet J. , Gschwind R. , Makovicka L. 
Published: March 2021

Organ motion leads to dosimetric uncertainties during a patient’s treatment. Much work has been done to quantify the dosimetric effects of lung movement during radiation treatment. There is a particular need for a good description and prediction of organ motion. To describe lung motion more precisely, we have examined the possibility of using a computer technique: a morphing algorithm. Morphing is an iterative method which consists of blending one image into another image. To evaluate the use of morphing, Four Dimensions Computed Tomography (4DCT) acquisition of a patient was performed. The lungs were automatically segmented for different phases, and morphing was performed using the end-inspiration and the end-expiration phase scans only. Intermediate morphing files were compared with 4DCT intermediate images. The results showed good agreement between morphing images and 4DCT images: fewer than 2 % of the 512 by 256 voxels were wrongly classified as belonging/not belonging to a lung section. This paper presents preliminary results, and our morphing algorithm needs improvement. We can infer that morphing offers considerable advantages in terms of radiation protection of the patient during the diagnosis phase, handling of artifacts, definition of organ contours and description of organ motion.
DISCOURSE ON OPTIMIZING THE CULTURAL HERITAGE OF BUNG KARNO SCHOOLS IN MOJOKERTO CITY FOR SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC WELFARE
Authors: Rachman Rio Febriannur 
Published: March 2021

In 2019, the City Government of Mojokerto declared two schools, SDN Purwotengah and SMPN 2 Kota Mojokerto as cultural heritage. Soekarno also known as Bung Karno, one of the founding fathers of this country, Indonesia, studied there, on 1908 until 1916. This study discusses how the discourse on optimizing the cultural heritage of Bung Karno's two schools as historical tourism objects, from the perspective of social and economic welfare of the community. The theory used in this study is public policy, popularized by Thomas Dye and James E. Anderson. This study uses a qualitative method with the discourse analysis approach of Norman Fairclough. The discourse analyzed anything was conveyed by the Mayor of Mojokerto Ika Puspitasari and the Head of the Education Office Amin Wachid in the Srawung program, which aired from 16.00 to 17.00, 18 August 2020, on TVRI East Java. The result of this study indicates, the City Government of Mojokerto is serious, regarding make historical tourism objects in the cultural heritage buildings of the Bung Karno Schools. The City Government of Mojokerto considers, it will further foster a sense of community nationalism, provide authentic historical insights, as well as emerge a populist economy.keywords: Cultural Heritage, Discourse, Public Policy, Social and Economic Welfare
Mathematics and Cosmology in Plato’s Timaeus
Authors: Gregory Andrew 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Plato used mathematics extensively in his account of the cosmos in the Timaeus, but as he did not use equations, but did use geometry, harmony and according to some, numerology, it has not been clear how or to what effect he used mathematics. This paper argues that the relationship between mathematics and cosmology is not atemporally evident and that Plato’s use of mathematics was an open and rational possibility in his context, though that sort of use of mathematics has subsequently been superseded as science has progressed. I argue that there is a philosophically and historically meaningful space between ‘primitive’ or unreflective uses of mathematics and the modern conception of how mathematics relates to cosmology. Plato’s use of mathematics in the Timaeus enabled the cosmos to be as good as it could be, allowed the demiurge a rational choice (of which planetary orbits and which atomic shapes to instantiate) and allowed Timaeus to give an account of the cosmos (where if the demiurge did not have such a rational choice he would not have been able to do so). I also argue that within this space it is both meaningful and important to differentiate between Pythagorean and Platonic uses of number and that we need to reject the idea of ‘Pythagorean/Platonic number mysticism’. Plato’s use of number in the Timaeus was not mystical even though it does not match modern usage.
Why Trump Became a ‘Confederate’ President
Authors: Maxwell Angie 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article explores the causes for and the contemporary ramifications of the realignment of the American South with the Republican Party. Using the American National Election Surveys (ANES) Time Series Cumulative Data File (1948–2016), the 2016 and 2020 Blair Center Polls, and the election tracking data compiled by Richard Berg-Andersson and Tony Roza atwww.thegreenpapers.com, the author first explores the role that racial animus, anti-feminism, and religious fundamentalism played in white southern voters’ emergence as the Republican Party base. Second, the author considers the structural advantages that this prominence in the GOP gives southern whites in the primary nomination process and to what degree these advantages benefitted Donald Trump in 2016. Finally, the author explores the influence of Racial Resentment, Modern Sexism, and Christian Fundamentalism on the 2016 Republican primary elections and the 2016 and 2020 General Elections.
Háblame de tí: Latino mobilization, group dynamics and issue prioritization in the 2020 Election
Authors: Ocampo Angela X. , Garcia-Rios Sergio I. , Gutierrez Angela E. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
What motivated Latinos to turnout in 2020 in the middle of a global health pandemic that has devastated their community financially, physically and mentally? How might we explain Latino support for each one of the Presidential candidates in the context of these crises? In this paper, we tackle these questions through an investigation of the factors that drove Latino turnout in 2020 and what might explain Latino favorability for Joe Biden and Donald Trump. To contextualize these findings, we compare these results to the 2016 election. We find that the most predictive factors of Latino turnout in 2020 were perceived group discrimination and mobilization efforts by campaigns and other organizations. We also find that Latino candidate preference in 2020 can be best explained by issue prioritization. Latinos for whom the economy was the most important issue were more likely to support Donald Trump. However, Latinos for whom COVID-19 and racism towards the Latino community were the top pressing political priorities were more likely to favor Joe Biden. These findings continue to shed light on the diversity and heterogeneity of the Latino vote and speak to the significance of outreach efforts by political parties, candidates and community organizations.
Microstructure and polarization behavior of Ni/WC+GO (graphene oxide) composite cladding fusion coating
Authors: Li Ouyang , Yang Guirong , Song Wenming , Gao Dawen , Sun Xianming 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Ni/WC/graphene oxide (GO) composite cladding fusion coatings were fabricated through the vacuum cladding technique on a medium carbon structure steel (45# steel) substrate whose carbon content was 0.45 ± 0.03%. The microstructural characteristics, phase composition, and electrochemical polarization characteristics of the composite cladding fusion coatings were analyzed with scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and the electrochemical workstation CHI660E. Results show that the microstructure was compact and was micro-crack free, and without inclusions or other defects. It was comprised of four micro-zones, namely, the composite, transition, diffusion fusion, and diffusion-affected zones with thicknesses of approximately 4 mm, 1 mm, 20 μm, and 250 μm, respectively. The main phases of the composite coating were γ-Ni solid solution, WC, Cr7C3, Ni2.9Cr0.7Fe0.36, Cr23C6, Ni3Fe, Ni3Si, Ni3B, W2C, and C. The self-corrosion potential of the composite coatings had increased by 0.3269 V compared with that of the substrate, and the corrosion current density of the composite coatings had decreased by nearly two orders of magnitude. The Ni-based solid solution region with relatively high C and Cr contents was difficult to dissolve.
Effects of microstructure and lattice misfit on creep life of Ni-based single crystal superalloy during long-term thermal exposure
Authors: Gan Wenyan , Gao Hangshan , Pei Haiqing , Wen Zhixun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAccording to the microstructural evolution during longterm thermal exposure at 1100°C, the creep rupture life of Ni-based single crystal superalloys at 980°C/270 MPa was evaluated. The microstructure was characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and related image processing methods. The size of γ’precipitates and the precipitation amount of topologically close-packed increased with the increase in thermal exposure time, and coarsening of the γ’precipitates led to the simultaneous increase of the matrix channel width. The relationship between the creep rupture life and the lattice misfit of γ/γ’, the coarsening of γ’precipitate and the precipitation of TCP phase are systematically discussed. In addition, according to the correlation between γ’phase evolution and creep characteristics during thermal exposure, a physical model is established to predict the remaining creep life.
Microstructure, phase relationships and microhardness of Fe60Al40–n
Hf
n
alloys (n = 1, 3, and 5 at.%)
Authors: Yildirim Mehmet , Çetinbakış Neşe , Culu Ayşe , Vedat Akdeniz M. , Mekhrabov Amdulla O. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The microstructural evolution, solidification behavior, phase relationships, microhardness and room temperature magnetic properties of the hypoeutectic Fe60Al40-n
Hf
n
(n = 1, 3, and 5 at.%) compositions are investigated in detail. The micro-structure of the studied alloys is composed of Fe–Al based dendrites and eutectic mixture. The components of the eutectic are B2 Fe–Al based and HfFe6Al6 τ1 phases. With increasing Hf fraction, the amounts of eutectic and τ1 phases increase continuously which results in significant strengthening. Based on the differential scanning calorimetry results, the eutectic reaction temperature is measured as 1251 °C. Fe60Al40-n
Hf
n
alloys show weak room temperature ferromagnetism and their magnetization values also increase with increasing Hf content.
Time-Independent Plasticity Formulated by Inelastic Differential of Free Energy Function
Authors: Yang Qiang , Li Chaoyi , Liu Yaoru 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The authors presented a time-independent plasticity approach, where a typical plastic-loading process is viewed as an infinitesimal state change of two neighboring equilibrium states, and the yield and consistency conditions are formulated based on the conjugate forces of the internal variables. In this paper, a stability condition is proposed, and the yield, consistency, and stability conditions are reformatted by the inelastic differential form of the Gibbs free energy. The Gibbs equation in thermodynamics with internal variables is a representation to the differential form of the Gibbs free energy by a single Gibbs free energy function. In this paper, we propose the so-called extended Gibbs equation, where the differential form may be represented by multiple potential functions. Various associated and nonassociated plasticity with a single or multiple yield functions can be derived from various representations based on the reformulated approach, where yield and plastic potential functions are in the form of inelastic differentials of the potential functions. The generalized Drucker inequality can only be derived from the one-potential representation as a stability condition. For a multiple-potential representation, the stability condition can be ensured if the multiple potentials are concave functions and possess the same stationary point.
Modest Dualism and Individuation of Mind
Authors: Mazarian Alireza 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA persistent tradition in metaphysics of mind insists that there is a substantial difference between mind and body. Avicenna’s numerous arguments, for a millennium, have encouraged the view that minds are essentially immaterial substances. In the first part, I redesign and offer five versions of such arguments and then I criticize them. First argument (indivisibility) would be vulnerable in terms of two counterexamples. Second argument (universals) confuses existence with location. Third argument (bodily tools) is less problematic than the first two, though I will say a few words about why it may also not be convincing. Fourth argument (infinity) may not support substance dualism, because, I think, abundance is very different from infinity. Fifth argument (senescence) depends on empirically incorrect premises. Hence, it seems that no Avicennian argument can reasonably save substance dualism.
Holism Resurfacing: How Far Should We Go With It?
Authors: Ujvári Márta 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The recent holistic trends in metaphysics are surveyed here and a tentative typology is offered. The non-linear mode of composition is suggested as the key feature of holism, apart from its familiar non-reductionism and emergentism. It is argued that those holistic views are promising that refrain from extreme relationalism based on the denial of there being self-subsistence particulars; also, those refraining from the postulation of an unarticulated all-embracing whole where both relations and terms are denied to be genuine ontological items. The further suggestion is that a trade-off between the holistic perspective and the limits imposed upon it in the form of built-in confinements may help in making this metaphysics go.
Merocyanine dyes
Authors: Mustroph Heinz 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Merocyanine dyes belong to the class of neutral polymethine dyes, where one terminal component is typically found in cyanine dyes and the second obtained from an active methylene compound. The different electron acceptor/donator abilities of the two terminal components have a marked impact on the electronic structure of a merocyanine dye and its equilibrium structure and electronic spectra. Their first technical application was spectral sensitization in silver halide photography. Today they have numerous of applications in textile dyeing and as membrane potential sensitive fluorescent dyes.
Utility of Back-Off Sets: An Overview
Authors: Rodriguez Juan , Hanney William J. , Kolber Morey J. , Cheatham Scott 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
Back-off sets or down sets are a training paradigm that use an initial heavy loaded set followed by a subsequent rest period and a planned load reduction. Back-off sets are a way to maintain or increase training volume through a load reduction for subsequent sets. By reducing load, a desired number of repetitions can be achieved as opposed to a reduction in volume that would occur if a consistent load was maintained. Back-off sets have been shown to allow completion of a greater training volume which may be in part due to a potentiation effect. The use of back-off sets help to reduce the necessary length of interset rest periods. Back-off set utility may be influenced by factors including but not limited to training goals, training age, exercise type, protocol individualization, loading strategy, load-reduction strategy, and autoregulation. This discussion aims to provide an overview of the integration of back-off sets within resistance training programs by examining previous research and providing a synopsis of the variables that impact the efficacy of this strategy.
Purkinje Neurons with Loss of STIM1 Exhibit Age-Dependent Changes in Gene Expression and Synaptic Components
Authors: Dhanya Sreeja Kumari , Hasan Gaiti 
Published: March 2021

The stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) is an ER-Ca2+sensor and an essential component of ER-Ca2+store operated Ca2+entry. Loss of STIM1 affects metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR1)-mediated synaptic transmission, neuronal Ca2+homeostasis, and intrinsic plasticity in Purkinje neurons (PNs). Long-term changes of intracellular Ca2+signaling in PNs led to neurodegenerative conditions, as evident in individuals with mutations of the ER-Ca2+channel, the inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor. Here, we asked whether changes in such intrinsic neuronal properties, because of loss of STIM1, have an age-dependent impact on PNs. Consequently, we analyzed mRNA expression profiles and cerebellar morphology in PN-specificSTIM1KO mice (STIM1PKO) of both sexes across ages. Our study identified a requirement for STIM1-mediated Ca2+signaling in maintaining the expression of genes belonging to key biological networks of synaptic function and neurite development among others. Gene expression changes correlated with altered patterns of dendritic morphology and greater innervation of PN dendrites by climbing fibers, in agingSTIM1PKOmice. Together, our data identify STIM1 as an important regulator of Ca2+homeostasis and neuronal excitability in turn required for maintaining the optimal transcriptional profile of PNs with age. Our findings are significant in the context of understanding how dysregulated calcium signals impact cellular mechanisms in multiple neurodegenerative disorders.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIn Purkinje neurons (PNs), the stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) is required for mGluR1-dependent synaptic transmission, refilling of ER Ca2+stores, regulation of spike frequency, and cerebellar memory consolidation. Here, we provide evidence for a novel role of STIM1 in maintaining the gene expression profile and optimal synaptic connectivity of PNs. Expression of genes related to neurite development and synaptic organization networks is altered in PNs with persistent loss of STIM1. In agreement with these findings the dendritic morphology of PNs and climbing fiber innervations on PNs also undergo significant changes with age. These findings identify a new role for dysregulated intracellular calcium signaling in neurodegenerative disorders and provide novel therapeutic insights.