bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Political and Social Consequences of Qualification Mismatches: A Bounding Approach to Status Inconsistency
Authors: Wiedner Jonas 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Many employees work in jobs that do not match their level of formal education. Status inconsistency theory (SIT) argues that such mismatches result in stress, dissatisfaction, political alienation, and social withdrawal. Status inconsistency may, therefore, pose a threat to social cohesion. However, extant SIT scholarship does not fully appreciate the consequences of an identification problem due to the perfect collinearity among the effects of occupation, education, and their mismatch. I review the literature and show that prior findings depend on implicit theoretical assumptions that are often implausible once spelled out. To overcome this problem, I propose a new approach to the study of mismatches that builds on recent advances in the modeling of age, period, and cohort effects. I demonstrate how a set of relatively weak assumptions that are transparently grounded in sociological theory allows for (partial) identification of mismatch effects. The empirical analysis draws on comparable large-scale survey data from the United Kingdom (UKLHS) and Germany (GSOEP), two countries with a very different institutional organization of education to job matching. Compared with previous research, I use theoretically justified identifying assumptions and provide more rigorous evidence by addressing non-random selection into mismatch. Constrained regression models show mismatch effects on work-related identities, satisfaction, and organizational integration. Contra SIT, my results suggest that the effects of mismatches do not arise from cognitive dissonance but from an expectation formation mechanism. I find only weak evidence that mismatch effects spill over into the political domain. Despite large institutional differences, the results are similar across countries.
Phenology explains different storage remobilization in two congeneric temperate tree species with contrasting leaf habit
Authors: Löiez Sidonie , Piper Frida I 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe dependence of trees on carbon and nutrient storage is critical to predicting the forest vulnerability under climate change, but whether evergreen and deciduous species differ in their use and allocation of stored resources during spring phenology is unclear. Using a high temporal resolution, we evaluated the role of spring phenology and shoot growth as determinants of the carbon and nutrient storage dynamics in contrasting leaf habits. We recorded the phenology and shoot elongation and determined the concentrations of total non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs), starch, soluble carbohydrates, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in buds, expanding shoots and previously formed shoots of two sympatric Nothofagus species with contrasting leaf habit. Species reached similar shoot lengths, though shoot expansion started 35 days earlier and lasted c. 40 days more in the deciduous species. Thus, although the deciduous species had a relatively constant shoot growth rate, the evergreen species experienced a conspicuous growth peak for c. 20 days. In the evergreen species, the greatest decreases in NSC concentrations of previously formed shoots and leaves coincided with the maximum shoot expansion rate and fruit filling, with minimums of 63 and 65% relative to values at bud dormancy, respectively. In contrast, minimum NSC concentrations of the previously formed shoots of the deciduous species were only 73% and occurred prior to the initiation of shoot expansion. Bud N and P concentrations increased during budbreak, whereas previously formed shoots generally did not decrease their nutrient concentrations. Late spring phenology and overlapping of phenophases contributed to the greater dependence on storage of proximal tissues in the studied evergreen compared with deciduous species, suggesting that phenology is a key determinant of the contrasting patterns of storage use in evergreen and deciduous species.
Comparing the Fungicide Sensitivity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Using Mycelial Growth and Ascospore Germination Assays
Authors: da Silva Lehner Miller , Alves Kaique S. , Del Ponte Emerson M. , Pethybridge Sarah J. 
Published: September 2021

The infection of the floral tissues of snap bean and other crops by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, the causative agent of white mold, is by ascospores. Irrespective of the fungicide mode of action being evaluated, in vitro fungicide sensitivity tests are conducted almost exclusively using mycelial growth assays. This is likely because of difficulties and time involved in sclerotial conditioning required to produce apothecia and ascospores. The objective of this research was to compare estimates of fungicide sensitivity between mycelial growth and ascospore germination assays for S. sclerotiorum. Sensitivity assays were conducted using serial doses of three fungicides commonly used to control white mold: boscalid, fluazinam, and thiophanate-methyl. A total of 27 isolates were evaluated in replicated trials conducted for each fungicide and assay type. The effective concentration to reduce mycelial growth or ascospore germination by 50% (EC50) was estimated for each isolate, fungicide, and assay type. The median EC50 values obtained from ascospore germination assays were 52.7, 10.0, and 2.7 times higher than those estimated from the mycelial growth for boscalid, fluazinam, and thiophanate-methyl, respectively. No significant correlation was found between EC50 values estimated by the two methods. These findings highlight differences that may be important in evaluating the sensitivity of S. sclerotiorum given the fungicide mode of action and how they will be used in the field.
Safety and Immunogenicity of a 20-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Healthy Infants in the United States
Authors: Senders Shelly , Klein Nicola P. , Lamberth Erik , Thompson Allison , Drozd Jelena , Trammel James , Peng Yahong , Giardina Peter C. , Jansen Kathrin U. , Gruber William C. , Scott Daniel A. , Watson Wendy 
Published: September 2021

Background:
The development and widespread use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) substantially reduced the global burden of pneumococcal disease. Expanding the serotypes covered by PCVs may further reduce disease burden. A 20-valent PCV (PCV20) has been developed to add coverage for 7 additional serotypes (8, 10A, 11A, 12F, 15B, 22F and 33F) to those in the existing 13-valent PCV (PCV13). This phase 2 study evaluated the safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of PCV20 in healthy US infants.

Methods:
In this randomized, active-controlled, double-blind study, 460 infants were randomized 1:1 to receive a 4-dose series of either PCV20 or PCV13 at 2, 4, 6 and 12 months of age. Solicited local reactions and systemic events, adverse events (AEs) and serious AEs were recorded. Immunogenicity was assessed by measuring serotype-specific IgG concentrations and opsonophagocytic activity titers at 1 month after Dose 3, before Dose 4 and 1 month after Dose 4.

Results:
Of 460 infants, 82.8% completed the 1-month visit after Dose 4. Local reactions and systemic events were mostly mild to moderate in severity and similar between the PCV20 and PCV13 groups. Treatment-related AEs were uncommon, with no related serious AEs or deaths reported. IgG and opsonophagocytic activity responses elicited by PCV20 were robust and demonstrated a booster response after Dose 4.

Conclusions:
Administration of PCV20 in US infants was well tolerated, with a safety profile similar to PCV13, and induced robust serotype-specific immune responses. These findings support continued development of PCV20 in the pediatric population.
Effect of time since primary laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis on flap relift success and epithelial ingrowth risk
Authors: Chang John S.M. , Liu Sylvia C.T. , Ma Nadine T.C. , Katsev Blake , Ng Jack C.M. 
Published: September 2021

Purpose:
To assess the association of time since primary laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) with flap relift success and risk for epithelial ingrowth (EI) in eyes undergoing flap relift after primary LASIK.

Setting:
Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.

Design:
Retrospective observational case series.

Methods:
73 eyes with flaps relifted for refractive enhancement LASIK were included. Main outcome measures included rate of relift success and EI; associations of time since primary LASIK, sex, age at relift, year of relift, and flap creation method in primary LASIK with relift success and EI.

Results:
Of the 73 eyes included, relifting was successful in 71 eyes (97.3%). Among the successfully relifted eyes, 12 (16.9%) developed EI, of which 3 (4.2%) were clinically significant. No eyes lost more than 1 line of corrected distance visual acuity. The time since primary LASIK (up to 22 years), sex, age at relift, year of relift, and flap creation method in primary LASIK were not associated with relift success or EI.

Conclusions:
With the described surgical technique, flaps could be successfully relifted without much difficulty up to 22 years after primary LASIK with a low incidence of EI.
Socioeconomic, Psychosocial, and Clinical Factors Associated With Employment in Women With HIV in the United States: A Correlational Study
Authors: Wise Jenni M. , Azuero Andres , Konkle-Parker Deborah , Raper James L. , Heaton Karen , Vance David E. , Adimora Adaora A. , Wingood Gina , Golub Elizabeth , Levin Susanna , Wilson Tracey E. , Merenstein Daniel , Yelin Ed , Weber Kathleen M. , Fischl Margaret , Kempf Mirjam-Colette 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Employment is a social determinant of health, and women living with HIV (WLWH) are often underemployed. This correlational study examined the socioeconomic, psychosocial, and clinical factors associated with employment among WLWH (n = 1,357) and women at risk for HIV (n = 560). Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to evaluate factors associated with employment status. Employment was associated (p ≤ .05) with better socioeconomic status and quality of life (QOL), less tobacco and substance use, and better physical, psychological, and cognitive health. Among WLWH, employment was associated (p ≤ .05) with improved adherence to HIV care visits and HIV RNA viral suppression. Using multivariable regression modeling, differences were found between WLWH and women at risk for HIV. Among WLWH, household income, QOL, education, and time providing childcare remained associated with employment in adjusted multivariable analyses (R
2 = .272, p < .001). A better understanding of the psychosocial and structural factors affecting employment is needed to reduce occupational disparities among WLWH.
Early Psychological Interventions for Somatic Symptom Disorder and Functional Somatic Syndromes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Berezowski Lukas , Ludwig Lea , Martin Alexandra , Löwe Bernd , Shedden-Mora Meike C. 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective
Psychological treatments for somatic symptom disorder and functional somatic syndromes (SSD/FSS) achieve moderate effects only, potentially because of the high chronicity in these patients. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate whether early treatment, that is, treatment in populations at risk or with recent onset, improves outcome.

Methods
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of (cluster-)randomized controlled trials evaluating early psychological interventions in the prevention and treatment of SSD/FSS in adults compared with inactive control conditions, standard care, or placebo. Individuals at risk for SSD/FSS, suffering from subthreshold symptoms or new onsets of SSD/FSS, or presenting with SSD/FSS for the first time were included.

Results
We identified 30 eligible studies, mostly examining pain-related conditions. Interventions were diverse, ranging from bibliotherapy to cognitive-behavioral therapy. We found positive effects on depression post-treatment (Hedges’ g = 0.12 [95% confidence interval = 0.03–0.2], k = 5) as well as on somatic symptom severity (g = 0.25 [0.096–0.41], k = 17) and health care utilization (g = 0.31 [0.18–0.44], k = 3) at follow-up. However, because of a high risk of bias, sensitivity to corrections for meta-bias, and missing outcome data, findings should be interpreted cautiously.

Conclusions
Our review shows that targeting SSD/FSS at an early stage represents a conceptual and practical challenge. Readily accessible interventions addressing transsymptomatic processes of SSD/FSS development and consolidation are highly needed. Future studies are needed to evaluate individuals with diverse symptoms, examine symptom history thoroughly, use placebo controls, and report outcomes completely to determine the efficacy of early psychological interventions for SSD/FSS.

PROSPERO Registration:
CRD42020140122.
Upfront Use of 177Lu-Labeled PSMA Radioligand Therapy and Treatment Response Assessment in Treatment-Naive Prostate Cancer
Authors: Malik Dharmender , Sen Ishita B. , Thakral Parul , Das Subha Shankar , Manda Divya , CB Virupakshappa 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Prostatic malignancy is the most common type of nonskin cancer and associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Early androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the treatment of choice in metastatic prostate cancer, whereas ADT delays progression of disease, but it is associated with significant adverse effects and frequently impairs the quality of life. Therefore, there is growing interest in treatments to postpone ADT while achieving a good progression-free survival. We present a case of oligometastatic prostate cancer, who was treated upfront with 177Lu-labeled PSMA radioligand therapy and demonstrated excellent response to a single dose of 177Lu-PSMA-617.
Muscle Involvement Caused by Chronic Active Epstein-Barr Virus Infection on 18F-FDG PET/CT in a Pediatric Patient
Authors: Yang Xu , Lu Xia , Kan Ying , Wang Wei , Yang Jigang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A 7-year-old girl with chronic active EBV (CAEBV) infection-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis presented with fever. 18F-FDG PET/CT revealed heterogeneous FDG uptake in multiple muscle groups without significant abnormal activity elsewhere. On repeat FDG PET/CT scan 1 year later after therapy, the abnormal activity in muscles disappeared. Skeletal muscle involvement by CAEBV infection should be included as differential diagnosis for increased muscle activity on FDG PET/CT study.
68Ga-FAPI PET/CT Imaging of Baastrup Disease in a Patient With Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Yang Xiao , Liu Yuhong , Chen Jinping , Chen Yue , Liu Huipan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

68Ga-FAPI is a novel PET agent that has been shown to be promising for imaging tumors. Meanwhile, FAPI uptake in nonmalignant diseases has also been reported. Herein, we presented 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT findings of Baastrup disease in a patient with esophageal cancer.
Dual-Time-Point 18F-Fluorocholine PET/CT Improves Characterization of Thyroid Nodules in Patients Referred for Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Bani Jacob , Morland David , Hubelé Fabrice , Ignat Mihaela , Latge Adrien , Bourahla Khalil , Zalzali Mohamad , Vix Michel , Taïeb David , Imperiale Alessio 
Published: September 2021

Purpose
Thyroid nodules frequently coexist with primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT). Because of the increasing use of 18F-fluorocholine (18F-FCH) PET/CT in patients with pHPT, evaluation of its clinical utility for thyroid nodules characterization in this population is of paramount importance. Herein, we investigate the value of dual-point 18F-FCH PET/CT in the diagnosis of thyroid cancer in patients referred for pHPT imaging who have thyroid nodules.

Patients and Methods
All pHPT patients who underwent a dual-time point 18F-FCH PET/CT (at 5 and 60 minutes postinjection) between July 2019 and December 2020 were analyzed. Only those with a thyroid nodule greater than 10-mm and pathological analysis (criterion standard) were included. Nodule-to-thyroid SUVmax ratio was calculated at the 2 study points, as well as the 18F-FCH washout index (WO%).

Results
Twenty-seven patients (32 nodules) were included in this study. The final diagnoses were as follows: 27 benign nodules including 2 NIFTPs (noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features) and 5 cancers of follicular origin. Early uptake ratio was significantly higher in malignant lesions than in benign nodules (P = 0.0008). Thyroid cancers were also characterized by a marked 18F-FCH washout index (WO% benign vs cancer: 2.9% ± 4.1% vs 45.5% ± 13.4%, P = 0.0001). Using a WO% threshold of 22.1%, 25/27 benign nodules and 5/5 malignant lesions were accurately classified (sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 92.6%, positive predictive value of 71.4%, and negative predictive value of 100%). The false-positive findings were related to the 2 NIFTPs that share similarities with thyroid cancer.

Conclusions
Our preliminary results suggest to perform a dual-time-point PET/CT acquisition protocol in pHPT patients with uncharacterized centimeter thyroid nodules. However, the real impact of these promising results should be assessed by prospective studies on a larger cohort of patients.
Inhalation of 2% Hydrogen Improves Survival Rate and Attenuates Shedding of Vascular Endothelial Glycocalyx in Rats with Heat Stroke
Authors: Truong Sang Kien , Katoh Takasumi , Mimuro Soichiro , Sato Tsunehisa , Kobayashi Kensuke , Nakajima Yoshiki 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
Heat stroke is characterized by excessive oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, both of which are implicated in vascular endothelial glycocalyx shedding and heat-stroke mortality. Although molecular hydrogen has antioxidation and anti-inflammatory potency, its effect on the vascular endothelial glycocalyx in heat stroke has not been examined. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of hydrogen inhalation on the survival and thickness of the vascular endothelial glycocalyx of rats subjected to heat stroke. Altogether, 98 Wistar rats were assigned to the experiments. A heat-controlled chamber set at 40°C temperature and 60% humidity was used to induce heat stroke. After preparation, the anesthetized rats that underwent the heating process were subjected to an hour of stabilization in which 0%, 2%, or 4% hydrogen gas was inhaled and maintained until the experiment ended. In addition to survival rate assessments, blood samples and left ventricles were collected to evaluate the thickness of the vascular endothelial glycocalyx and relevant biomarkers. The results showed that 2% hydrogen gas significantly improved survival in the heat-stroked rats and partially preserved the thickness of the endothelial glycocalyx. In addition, serum levels of endotoxin, syndecan-1, malondialdehyde, and tumor necrosis factor-α decreased, whereas superoxide dismutase levels increased, indicating that inhalation of 2% hydrogen attenuated the damage to the vascular endothelial glycocalyx through its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects.
Coluthur Gopalan. 28 November 1918—3 October 2019
Authors: Ramachandran Prema , Seshadri Malini , Gopalan Sarath 
Published: September 2021

Gopalan was a brilliant medical student. The Bengal famine of 1942 made him decide to devote his career to ‘the investigation and mitigation of the nutrition-related problems of Indians, especially those of the disadvantaged sections’. He was the first Indian to win a Nuffield Foundation research scholarship to study in England in 1946. In less than three years he had earned a PhD as well as a DSc in nutrition. He returned to India and joined the Nutrition Research Laboratory in Coonoor. His studies over the next decade showed that, contrary to the global belief, both kwashiorkor and marasmus were manifestations of protein energy malnutrition. His research studies on improving the nutritional status of pregnant women and children with food supplementation led to the initiation of India's Integrated Child Development Scheme and Mid-day Meal programmes. India's National Anaemia Prophylaxis Programme and Massive Dose Vitamin A Supplementation Programme were also initiated on the basis of the studies he led.
As Director General of the Indian Council of Medical Research he created institutions to undertake research in the areas of neglected tropical diseases and medical statistics. He initiated the National Talent Search Scheme to ensure adequate human resources for medical research. After he retired, he set up the Nutrition Foundation of India, to continue with policy and operational research studies on the triple burden of malnutrition. He initiated the setting up of the Nutrition Society of India and the Federation of Asian Nutrition Societies to improve networking among nutrition scientists. In reply to a query on his major contributions, he said: ‘I helped to get Nutrition Science in India the recognition it deserved, and I built institutions that will serve the people of India long after my lifetime.’
High viral SARS-CoV-2 load in placenta of patients with hypertensive disorders after COVID-19 during pregnancy
Authors: Fabre M , Calvo P , Ruiz-Martinez S , Peran M , Oros D , Medel Martinez A , Strunk M , Benito R , Schoorlemmer J , Paules C 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionStudies described an increased frequency of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy after a COVID-19 episode. There is limited evidence about SARS-CoV-2 viral load in placenta. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 viral load in placenta and clinical development of HDP after COVID-19 throughout different periods of gestation.MethodsThis was a case-control study in women with and without gestational hypertensive disorders (HDP) after SARS-CoV-2 infection diagnosed by RT-PCR during pregnancy. Patients were matched by gestational age at the moment of COVID-19 diagnosis. We performed an analysis of SARS-CoV-2 RNA levels in placenta.ResultsA total of 28 women were enrolled. Sixteen patients were diagnosed with COVID-19 during the third trimester and the remaining twelve patients in the others trimesters. Ten placentas (35.7%) were positive for SARS-CoV-2, nine of them (90%) belonged to the HDP group versus one (10%) in control group (p=0.009). Those cases with the highest loads of viral RNA developed severe-preeclampsia.ConclusionThe presence of SARS-CoV-2 was more frequent in placentas of patients with HDP after COVID-19. There seems to be a relationship between high viral load in the placenta and the development of hypertensive disorders. We found SARS-CoV-2 viral load in placenta after birth in mothers infected at the first half of pregnancy, but with negative nasopharyngeal RT-PCR at delivery. Our data suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy could trigger gestational hypertensive disorders through placenta-related mechanisms.