bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extraordinary spin to orbital angular momentum conversion on guided zone plates
Authors: Acebal Pablo , Carretero Luis , Blaya Salvador 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFocusing systems with high numerical aperture can be used to convert spin angular momentum into orbital angular momentum with efficiencies of 50%, while for low numerical apertures this conversion vanishes. In this paper, based on the properties of binary Fresnel zone plates, we propose a structure that is achieved by making an accurate selection of the width and the depth of the rings. This allows us to obtain a large increase in the spin to orbital angular momentum conversion of the resulting focusing fields, and it also has the special characteristic that the obtained conversion is higher for low numerical aperture structures, where standard focusing systems do not work. The ability of the system to perform this extraordinary conversion is demonstrated by FDTD methods and an analytical model developed using a combination of guided mode theory for the structure and Stratton–Chu diffraction theory.
The effect of deep vein thrombosis on major adverse limb events in diabetic patients: a nationwide retrospective cohort study
Authors: Wang Po-Chang , Chen Tien-Hsing , Chung Chang-Min , Chen Mei-Yen , Chang Jung-Jung , Lin Yu-Sheng , Chu Pao-Hsien , Peng Yun-Shing , Lin Ming-Shyan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLittle is known about the association between deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and arterial complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to assess the influence of prior DVT on major adverse limb events (MALEs) and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in T2DM. A total of 1,628,675 patients with T2DM with or without a history of DVT from 2001 to 2013 were identified in the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan. Before matching, the patients in the DVT group (n = 2020) were older than the control group (66.3 vs. 58.3 years). Patients in the DVT group were more likely to be female than the control group (54.3% vs. 47.5%). Before matching, the DVT group had higher prevalence of most comorbidities, more prescription of antiplatelet, antihypertensive agents and insulins, but less prescription of metformin and sulfonylurea. During a mean follow-up of 5.2 years (standard deviation: 3.9 years), the matched DVT group (n = 2017) have a significantly increased risk of MALE (8.4% vs. 5.2%; subdistribution hazard ratio [SHR] 1.60, 95% CI 1.34–1.90), foot ulcer (5.2% vs. 2.6%, SHR 1.96, 95% CI 1.57–2.45), gangrene (3.4% vs. 2.3%, SHR 1.44, 95% CI 1.10–1.90) and amputation (2.5% vs. 1.7%; SHR 1.42, 95% CI 1.03–1.95) than the 10,085 matched controls without DVT. They also tended to have a greater risk of all-cause mortality (38.1% vs. 33.1%; hazard ratio [HR] 1.18, 95% CI 1.09–1.27) and systemic thromboembolism (4.2% vs. 2.6%; SHR 1.56, 95% CI 1.22–1.99), respectively. We showed the presence of DVT may be associated with an increased risk of MALEs, major amputation, and thromboembolism, contributing to a higher mortality rate in T2DM.
Dynamic changes of acquired maternal SARS-CoV-2 IgG in infants
Authors: Wang Xia , Yang Pu , Zheng Junwen , Liu Pin , Wei Cong , Guo Juanjuan , Zhang Yuanzhen , Zhao Dongchi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAt present, there are still ambiguous reports about the perinatal infection of infants born to mothers infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The dynamic characteristics of infantile serum antibodies born to mother with SARS-CoV-2 has not been well described. In this study, we analyzed the seroconversion of 27 newborns born to 26 pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2. The SARS-CoV-2 IgG positive rate of parturient was 80.8%, and half of their infants obtained maternal IgG. IgG transfer rates were 18.8% and 81.8% in those infants whose mother infected less and more than 2 weeks before delivery. In the first two months of life, the IgG level of infants dropped sharply to one tenth of that at birth. These results suggest that maternal SARS-CoV-2 IgG provides limited protection for infants.
Methylglyoxal induces p53 activation and inhibits mTORC1 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells
Authors: Zhang Xinmiao , Rodriguez-Niño Angelica , Pastene Diego O. , Pallavi Prama , van den Born Jacob , Bakker Stephan J. L. , Krämer Bernhard K. , Yard Benito A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMethylglyoxal (MGO), a precursor of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), is regarded as a pivotal mediator of vascular damage in patients with diabetes. We have previously reported that MGO induces transcriptional changes compatible with p53 activation in cultured human endothelial cells. To further substantiate this finding and to explore the underlying mechanisms and possible consequences of p53 activation, we aimed (1) to provide direct evidence for p53 activation in MGO-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), (2) to assess putative mechanisms by which this occurs, (3) to analyze down-stream effects on mTOR and autophagy pathways, and (4) to assess the potential benefit of carnosine herein. Exposure of HUVECs to 800 µM of MGO for 5 h induced p53 phosphorylation. This was paralleled by an increase in TUNEL and γ-H2AX positive cells, indicative for DNA damage. Compatible with p53 activation, MGO treatment resulted in cell cycle arrest, inhibition of mTORC1 and induction of autophagy. Carnosine co-treatment did not counteract MGO-driven effects. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that MGO elicits DNA damage and p53 activation in HUVECs, resulting in modulation of downstream pathways, e.g. mTORC1.
Association between MIF gene promoter rs755622 and susceptibility to coronary artery disease and inflammatory cytokines in the Chinese Han population
Authors: Luo Jun-Yi , Fang Bin-Bin , Du Guo-Li , Liu Fen , Li Yan-Hong , Tian Ting , Li Xiao-Mei , Gao Xiao-Ming , Yang Yi-Ning 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMacrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is an essential mediator of atherosclerotic plaque progression and instability leading to intracoronary thrombosis, therefore contributing to coronary artery disease (CAD). In this study, we investigated the relationship between MIF gene polymorphism and CAD in Chinese Han population. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP, rs755622, rs1007888 and rs2096525) of MIF gene were genotyped by TaqMan genotyping assay in 1120 control participants and 1176 CAD patients. Coronary angiography was performed in all CAD patients and Gensini score was used to assess the severity of coronary artery lesions. The plasma levels of MIF and other inflammatory mediators were measured by ELISA. The CAD patients had a higher frequency of CC genotype and C allele of rs755622 compared with that in control subjects (CC genotype: 6.5% vs. 3.9%, P = 0.008, C allele: 24.0% vs. 20.6%, P = 0.005). The rs755622 CC genotype was associated with an increased risk of CAD (OR: 1.804, 95%CI: 1.221–2.664, P = 0.003). CAD patients with a variation of rs755622 CC genotype had significantly higher Gensini score compared with patients with GG or CG genotype (all P < 0.05). In addition, the circulating MIF level was highest in CAD patients carrying rs755622 CC genotype (40.7 ± 4.2 ng/mL) and then followed by GC (37.9 ± 3.4 ng/mL) or GG genotype (36.9 ± 3.7 ng/mL, all P < 0.01). Our study showed an essential relationship between the MIF gene rs755622 variation and CAD in Chinese Han population. Individuals who carrying MIF gene rs755622 CC genotype were more susceptible to CAD and had more severe coronary artery lesion. This variation also had a potential influence in circulating MIF levels.
Synaptic AP2 CCV life cycle regulation by the Eps15, ITSN1, Sgip1/AP2, synaptojanin1 interactome
Authors: Mishra R. , Sengül G. F. , Candiello E. , Schu P. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe AP1/σ1B knockout causes impaired synaptic vesicle recycling and enhanced protein sorting into endosomes, leading to severe intellectual disability. These disturbances in synaptic protein sorting induce as a secondary phenotype the upregulation of AP2 CCV mediated endocytosis. Synapses contain canonical AP2 CCV and AP2 CCV with a more stable coat and thus extended life time. In AP1/σ1B knockout synapses, pool sizes of both CCV classes are doubled. Additionally, stable CCV of the knockout are more stabilised than stable wt CCV. One mechanism responsible for enhanced CCV stabilisation is the reduction of synaptojanin1 CCV levels, the PI-4,5-P2 phosphatase essential for AP2 membrane dissociation. To identify mechanisms regulating synaptojanin1 recruitment, we compared synaptojanin1 CCV protein interactome levels and CCV protein interactions between both CCV classes from wt and knockout mice. We show that ITSN1 determines synaptojanin1 CCV levels. Sgip1/AP2 excess hinders synaptojanin1 binding to ITSN1, further lowering its levels. ITSN1 levels are determined by Eps15, not Eps15L1. In addition, the data reveal that reduced amounts of pacsin1 can be counter balanced by its enhanced activation. These data exemplify the complexity of CCV life cycle regulation and indicate how cargo proteins determine the life cycle of their CCV.
Changes in oral flora of patients with functional dyspepsia
Authors: Liu Xu-juan , Xie Wen-rui , Wu Li-hao , Ye Zhi-ning , Zhang Xue-yuan , Zhang Ran , He Xing-xiang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTo explore the changes in oral flora in people with functional dyspepsia (FD). Unstimulated saliva was collected from 21 FD patients diagnosed according to the Rome IV criteria and from 12 healthy controls (HCs) for 16SrRNA sequencing. The pH of saliva samples and community periodontal index (CPI) were tested. The prevalence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) was obtained by the methane-and hydrogen-based breath test. At the phylum level, FD patients had a higher relative abundance of Spirochaetes and a lower relative abundance of Fusobacteria, TM7 and Proteobacteria than HCs (p < 0.01). In the saliva, Kingella and Abiotrophia genus levels showed significant changes between the FD and HC groups (p < 0.01). Salivary species level marker Intermedia was significantly different between FD and HC groups (p < 0.01). The oral pH of FD patients was higher than that of HCs (p < 0.01). The mean CPI of the FD group was 1.52 and that of the HC group was 0.17 (p < 0.01). Moreover, 71.4% of the FD group was positive for SIBO. The oral flora of FD patients was different from that of HCs. Spirochaetes, Kingella, Abiotrophia, and Intermedia may be diagnostic indicators of FD.
Chemotype of damask rose with oleic acid (9 octadecenoic acid) and its antimicrobial effectiveness
Authors: Ghavam Mansureh , Afzali Afsaneh , Manca Maria Letizia 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEssential oils are natural products that have great antimicrobial potential value against many fungi and bacteria. Rosa damascena Mill. is one of the most important aromatic species of the Rosaceae family from which essential oil and economically valuable products can be obtained. The present study was designed to investigate the major compositions of the essential oil of this plant in Isfahan region of Iran and to identify its antibacterial and antifungal effects against 11 microorganisms causing human diseases and food spoilage. The essential oil was extracted by using the Clevenger apparatus and was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) technique. Its antimicrobial activity was evaluated by well diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericide concentration (MBC). The results showed that the most important compounds of the essential oil were nonadecane (24.72%), heneicosane (19.325%), oleic acid (17.63%), and citronellol (12.61%). The results also showed that the highest inhibition zone of rose essential oil was against Aspergillus brasiliensis (15.00 ± 0.00 mm) and had a significant effect on Klebsiella pneumoniae (~ 8.00 mm). Also the rose oil had a significant inhibition and lethal effect against Candida albicans (MIC and MBC ~ 125 μg/mL), which is equivalent to the nystatin antibiotic (~ 125 μg/mL). Therefore, the essential oil of Damask rose can be considered as an alternative natural product for the prevention and treatment of fungal diseases in humans and against food spoilage as well.
Accessory pathway analysis using a multimodal deep learning model
Authors: Nishimori Makoto , Kiuchi Kunihiko , Nishimura Kunihiro , Kusano Kengo , Yoshida Akihiro , Adachi Kazumasa , Hirayama Yasutaka , Miyazaki Yuichiro , Fujiwara Ryudo , Sommer Philipp , El Hamriti Mustapha , Imada Hiroshi , Takemoto Makoto , Takami Mitsuru , Shinohara Masakazu , Toh Ryuji , Fukuzawa Koji , Hirata Ken-ichi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCardiac accessory pathways (APs) in Wolff–Parkinson–White (WPW) syndrome are conventionally diagnosed with decision tree algorithms; however, there are problems with clinical usage. We assessed the efficacy of the artificial intelligence model using electrocardiography (ECG) and chest X-rays to identify the location of APs. We retrospectively used ECG and chest X-rays to analyse 206 patients with WPW syndrome. Each AP location was defined by an electrophysiological study and divided into four classifications. We developed a deep learning model to classify AP locations and compared the accuracy with that of conventional algorithms. Moreover, 1519 chest X-ray samples from other datasets were used for prior learning, and the combined chest X-ray image and ECG data were put into the previous model to evaluate whether the accuracy improved. The convolutional neural network (CNN) model using ECG data was significantly more accurate than the conventional tree algorithm. In the multimodal model, which implemented input from the combined ECG and chest X-ray data, the accuracy was significantly improved. Deep learning with a combination of ECG and chest X-ray data could effectively identify the AP location, which may be a novel deep learning model for a multimodal model.
The efficacy of CRISPR-mediated cytosine base editing with the RPS5a promoter in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Choi Minkyung , Yun Jae-Young , Kim Jun-Hyuk , Kim Jin-Soo , Kim Sang-Tae 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing is an important and versatile technology in modern biological research. Recent advancements include base-editing CRISPR tools that enable targeted nucleotide substitutions using a fusion protein comprising a nickase variant of Cas9 and a base deaminase. Improvements in base editing efficiencies and inheritable of edited loci need to be made to make CRISPR a viable system in plants. Here, we report efficiency of cytosine base editors (CBEs) in Arabidopsis thaliana by applying the strong endogenous RPS5a promoter to drive the expression of nickase Cas9 and either rAPOBEC1 from rat (BE3) or the PmCDA1 activation-induced cytidine deaminase from sea lamprey (AIDv2). Compared with the strong heterologous CaMV35S promoter of viral origin, the RPS5a promoter improved CBE efficiency by 32% points with the number of T1 plants showing over 50% conversion ratio when the LFY gene was targeted. CBE induced nonsense mutations in LFY via C-to-T conversion, which resulted in loss-of-function lfy phenotypes; defects in LFY function were associated with the targeted base substitutions. Our data suggest that optimal promoter choice for CBE expression may affect base-editing efficiencies in plants. The results provide a strategy to optimize low-efficiency base editors and demonstrate their applicability for functional assays and trait development in crop research.
Medical records-based chronic kidney disease phenotype for clinical care and “big data” observational and genetic studies
Authors: Shang Ning , Khan Atlas , Polubriaginof Fernanda , Zanoni Francesca , Mehl Karla , Fasel David , Drawz Paul E. , Carrol Robert J. , Denny Joshua C. , Hathcock Matthew A. , Arruda-Olson Adelaide M. , Peissig Peggy L. , Dart Richard A. , Brilliant Murray H. , Larson Eric B. , Carrell David S. , Pendergrass Sarah , Verma Shefali Setia , Ritchie Marylyn D. , Benoit Barbara , Gainer Vivian S. , Karlson Elizabeth W. , Gordon Adam S. , Jarvik Gail P. , Stanaway Ian B. , Crosslin David R. , Mohan Sumit , Ionita-Laza Iuliana , Tatonetti Nicholas P. , Gharavi Ali G. , Hripcsak George , Weng Chunhua , Kiryluk Krzysztof 
Published: April 2021

AbstractChronic Kidney Disease (CKD) represents a slowly progressive disorder that is typically silent until late stages, but early intervention can significantly delay its progression. We designed a portable and scalable electronic CKD phenotype to facilitate early disease recognition and empower large-scale observational and genetic studies of kidney traits. The algorithm uses a combination of rule-based and machine-learning methods to automatically place patients on the staging grid of albuminuria by glomerular filtration rate (“A-by-G” grid). We manually validated the algorithm by 451 chart reviews across three medical systems, demonstrating overall positive predictive value of 95% for CKD cases and 97% for healthy controls. Independent case-control validation using 2350 patient records demonstrated diagnostic specificity of 97% and sensitivity of 87%. Application of the phenotype to 1.3 million patients demonstrated that over 80% of CKD cases are undetected using ICD codes alone. We also demonstrated several large-scale applications of the phenotype, including identifying stage-specific kidney disease comorbidities, in silico estimation of kidney trait heritability in thousands of pedigrees reconstructed from medical records, and biobank-based multicenter genome-wide and phenome-wide association studies.
Impact of Rap-Phr system abundance on adaptation of Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Gallegos-Monterrosa Ramses , Christensen Mathilde Nordgaard , Barchewitz Tino , Koppenhöfer Sonja , Priyadarshini B. , Bálint Balázs , Maróti Gergely , Kempen Paul J. , Dragoš Anna , Kovács Ákos T. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMicrobes commonly display great genetic plasticity, which has allowed them to colonize all ecological niches on Earth. Bacillus subtilis is a soil-dwelling organism that can be isolated from a wide variety of environments. An interesting characteristic of this bacterium is its ability to form biofilms that display complex heterogeneity: individual, clonal cells develop diverse phenotypes in response to different environmental conditions within the biofilm. Here, we scrutinized the impact that the number and variety of the Rap-Phr family of regulators and cell-cell communication modules of B. subtilis has on genetic adaptation and evolution. We examine how the Rap family of phosphatase regulators impacts sporulation in diverse niches using a library of single and double rap-phr mutants in competition under 4 distinct growth conditions. Using specific DNA barcodes and whole-genome sequencing, population dynamics were followed, revealing the impact of individual Rap phosphatases and arising mutations on the adaptability of B. subtilis.
Gut mycobiota alterations in patients with COVID-19 and H1N1 infections and their associations with clinical features
Authors: Lv Longxian , Gu Silan , Jiang Huiyong , Yan Ren , Chen Yanfei , Chen Yunbo , Luo Rui , Huang Chenjie , Lu Haifeng , Zheng Beiwen , Zhang Hua , Xia Jiafeng , Tang Lingling , Sheng Guoping , Li Lanjuan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe relationship between gut microbes and COVID-19 or H1N1 infections is not fully understood. Here, we compared the gut mycobiota of 67 COVID-19 patients, 35 H1N1-infected patients and 48 healthy controls (HCs) using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 3-ITS4 sequencing and analysed their associations with clinical features and the bacterial microbiota. Compared to HCs, the fungal burden was higher. Fungal mycobiota dysbiosis in both COVID-19 and H1N1-infected patients was mainly characterized by the depletion of fungi such as Aspergillus and Penicillium, but several fungi, including Candida glabrata, were enriched in H1N1-infected patients. The gut mycobiota profiles in COVID-19 patients with mild and severe symptoms were similar. Hospitalization had no apparent additional effects. In COVID-19 patients, Mucoromycota was positively correlated with Fusicatenibacter, Aspergillus niger was positively correlated with diarrhoea, and Penicillium citrinum was negatively correlated with C-reactive protein (CRP). In H1N1-infected patients, Aspergillus penicilloides was positively correlated with Lachnospiraceae members, Aspergillus was positively correlated with CRP, and Mucoromycota was negatively correlated with procalcitonin. Therefore, gut mycobiota dysbiosis occurs in both COVID-19 patients and H1N1-infected patients and does not improve until the patients are discharged and no longer require medical attention.
Rhodamine phenol-based fluorescent probe for the visual detection of GB and its simulant DCP
Authors: Zhang Shouxin , Zhou Chuan , Yang Bo , Zhao Yue , Wang Lingyun , Yuan Bo , Li Heguo 
Published: April 2021

Rhodamine phenol-based fluorescent probes have been synthesized. The probe RBNP demonstrates a rapid response and extreme low limit detection to diethylchlorophosphate and can rapidly and visually detect a real nerve agent GB in vapor.
The Use of Generalizability Theory to Inform Sampling of Educator Language Used With Preschoolers With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Ford Andrea L. B. , Johnson LeAnne D. 
Published: April 2021

Purpose
A myriad features can impact the nature, frequency, and length of adult–child interactions important for language learning. Empirical investigations of language learning opportunities for young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) provide limited generalizable insight, with inferences more constrained to the sample than is often considered. The aim of this study was to explore a multidimensional understanding of reliability and define optimal measurement procedures for a measurement approach used to examine the language of preschool educators interacting with children with ASD.

Method

We employed the logic of Generalizability Theory to differentiate sources of error for two measurement facets,
occasion
and
observer
. We video-recorded four 15-min occasions of educator–child interactions for 11 participants with ASD during free-play in their respective inclusive preschool classrooms. Two trained observers coded all videos for six educator language variables: open-ended questions/statements, choice questions, yes/no questions, imitation prompts, statements, and other talk.

Results
The generalizability studies illustrated that, across all variables measured, observer accounted for little to no error. Occasion, however, accounted for much of the error for all language variables. To determine the number of occasions needed to achieve stable estimates of the variables, we manipulated occasion in the decision study. Five to more than 15 occasions were needed to achieve stability in educator language variables.

Conclusion
To advance our understanding of the language learning environments of preschool classrooms that serve children with ASD, researchers must understand how aspects of the measurement design in those environments, such as occasion, impact the inferences they make.