bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of ICP-OES’S parameters for uranium analysis of rock samples
Authors: Li Xiaozhe , Xiong Chao , Sun Kun , Fang Fang , Zhang Qingxian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCurrently, the quantitative analysis methods for uranium that are widely used in laboratories, such as the volumetric method and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) cannot achieve low cost, simple operation, and little influence by other elements. The inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) has a wide linear range, and high stability, and can be used to identify multiple elements simultaneously. However, when ICP-OES is used for quantitative analysis of uranium, the settings for the RF power, nebulizer flow, and pump rate can affect the analysis results. In this work, these parameters were carefully optimized for identifying uranium. Based on experiments, we selected two spectrum peaks 409.014 nm and 424.167 nm for quantitative analysis with the lowest interference. The optimal parameters obtained are atomizer flow rate of 0.75 L/min, a sample pumping rate of 1.6 mL/min, and a high-frequency power of 1400 W. Then we compared the accuracy of the volumetric method, ICP-MS method and ICP-OES method with the optimized parameter for analysis of experimental samples and references. The results showed that the ICP-OES with the optimized parameters proposed in this paper can be used to perform a convenient, quick, and efficient quantitative analysis of uranium in minerals.
Flammable gases produced by TiO2 nanoparticles under magnetic stirring in water
Authors: Li Pengcheng , Tang Chongyang , Xiao Xiangheng , Jia Yanmin , Chen Wanping 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe friction between nanomaterials and Teflon magnetic stirring rods has recently drawn much attention for its role in dye degradation by magnetic stirring in dark. Presently the friction between TiO2 nanoparticles and magnetic stirring rods in water has been deliberately enhanced and explored. As much as 1.00 g TiO2 nanoparticles were dispersed in 50 mL water in 100 mL quartz glass reactor, which got gas-closed with about 50 mL air and a Teflon magnetic stirring rod in it. The suspension in the reactor was magnetically stirred in dark. Flammable gases of 22.00 ppm CO, 2.45 ppm CH4, and 0.75 ppm H2 were surprisingly observed after 50 h of magnetic stirring. For reference, only 1.78 ppm CO, 2.17 ppm CH4, and 0.33 ppm H2 were obtained after the same time of magnetic stirring without TiO2 nanoparticles. Four magnetic stirring rods were simultaneously employed to further enhance the stirring, and as much as 30.04 ppm CO, 2.61 ppm CH4, and 8.98 ppm H2 were produced after 50 h of magnetic stirring. A mechanism for the catalytic role of TiO2 nanoparticles in producing the flammable gases is established, in which mechanical energy is absorbed through friction by TiO2 nanoparticles and converted into chemical energy for the reduction of CO2 and H2O. This finding clearly demonstrates a great potential for nanostructured semiconductors to utilize mechanical energy through friction for the production of flammable gases.
Der Biomarker TRACP5b (tartratresistente saure Phosphatase 5b)
Authors: Oremek G. M. , Passek K. , Bendels M. , Wanke E. M. , Ohlendorf D. 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungDie vorliegende Übersicht zum Biomarker TRACP5b wird im Rahmen der Serie „Tumormarker“ desZentralblatts für Arbeitsmedizin, Arbeitsschutz und Ergonomiepubliziert, die sich mit dem immer häufigeren Gebrauch der Bestimmung von spezifischen Markern bei sog. Manager-Vorsorgen und Check-up-Untersuchungen beschäftigt. TRACP5b eignet sich grundsätzlich nicht für solche Vorsorgen, sondern ist ein Marker zur Therapie‑, Verlaufs- und Rezidivkontrolle von Osteoporose und der ossären Metastasen. Hier zeigt dieser eine hohe Sensitivität und Spezifität, wobei der Marker aber auf keinen Fall als Screeningparameter zur Frühdiagnostik eingesetzt werden soll.
A game strategy model in the digital curling system based on NFSP
Authors: Han Yuntao , Zhou Qibin , Duan Fuqing 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe digital curling game is a two-player zero-sum extensive game in a continuous action space. There are some challenging problems that are still not solved well, such as the uncertainty of strategy, the large game tree searching, and the use of large amounts of supervised data, etc. In this work, we combine NFSP and KR-UCT for digital curling games, where NFSP uses two adversary learning networks and can automatically produce supervised data, and KR-UCT can be used for large game tree searching in continuous action space. We propose two reward mechanisms to make reinforcement learning converge quickly. Experimental results validate the proposed method, and show the strategy model can reach the Nash equilibrium.
Functional paper-based materials for diagnostics
Authors: Hillscher Laura M. , Liebich Valentina J. , Avrutina Olga , Biesalski Markus , Kolmar Harald 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFunctional papers are the subject of extensive research efforts and have already become an irreplaceable part of our modern society. Among other issues, they enable fast and inexpensive detection of a plethora of analytes and simplify laboratory work, for example in medical tests. This article focuses on the molecular and structural fundamentals of paper and the possibilities of functionalization, commercially available assays and their production, as well as on current and future challenges in research in this field.Graphic abstract
Exploring the Relationship Between Character Strengths and Meditation: a Cross-Sectional Study Among Long-Term Practitioners of Sahaja Yoga Meditation
Authors: Hendriks Tommy , Pritikin Joshua , Choudhary Rajeev , Danyluck Chad 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA growing body of research has associated the practice of meditation with the development of character strengths. Sahaja Yoga (SY) is a spiritual practice designed to help people develop a set of character strengths. The primary goal of the current work is to determine whether practitioners of SY meditation endorse signature strengths. Using the VIA Inventory of Strengths 120, we conducted a survey to measure character strengths among 310 daily practitioners of SY meditation and compared them to a matched sample from the database of the VIA Institute on Character. Practitioners of SY meditation endorsed seven signature strengths, relative to non-meditators: spirituality, forgiveness, gratitude, self-regulation, teamwork, appreciation of beauty, and hope. Findings suggest that the practice of SY meditation may be related to a unique and broad set of character strengths. The findings pave the way for research identifying signature strength development in other group contexts.
Fertilizers and nitrate pollution of surface and ground water: an increasingly pervasive global problem
Authors: Bijay-Singh  , Craswell Eric 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNitrate pollution of ground and surface water bodies all over the world is generally linked with continually increasing global fertilizer nitrogen (N) use. But after 1990, with more fertilizer N consumption in developing countries especially in East and South Asia than in the industrialized nations in North America and Europe, nitrate pollution of freshwaters is now increasingly becoming a pervasive global problem. In this review it has been attempted to review the research information generated during the last two decades from all over the world on different aspects of nitrate pollution of natural water bodies. It is now evident that not more than 50% of the fertilizer N is directly used by the crops to which it is applied. While a small portion may directly leach down and may reach ground and surface water bodies, a large proportion ends up in the soil organic N pool from where N is mineralized and is taken up by plants and/or lost via leaching during several decades. Present trends of nitrate pollution of freshwaters, therefore, reflect legacies of current and past applications of fertilizers and manures. Tools such as simulation models and the natural variation in the stable isotopes of N and oxygen are now being extensively used to study the contribution of fertilizers and other sources to nitrate enrichment of freshwaters. Impacts of agricultural stewardship measures are being assessed and nitrate enrichment of water bodies is being managed using modern digital models and frameworks. Improved water and fertilizer management in agroecosystems can reduce the contribution of fertilizers to nitrate pollution of water bodies but a host of factors determine the magnitude. Future research needs are also considered.
48218 Preclinical modeling of BRAF(V600E)/PTEN-/- melanoma leptomeningeal disease (LMD) to assess intrathecal checkpoint blockade
Authors: Guerrieri Renato A. , Fischer Grant M. , Knighton Barbara G. , Hudgens Courtney W. , Ledesma Debora A. , Davies Michael A. , Ferguson Sherise D. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT IMPACT: Melanoma leptomeningeal disease (LMD) is a devastating subtype of central nervous system (CNS) metastatic disease that is associated with limited treatment options and an extremely poor prognosis, thus requiring the development of preclinical models of LMD for therapeutic development. OBJECTIVES/GOALS:
1.Develop an immunocompetent murine model of melanoma LMD with tumors bearing genetic mutations commonly found in patients, specifically BRAF(V600E)/PTEN-/-2.Assess the safety of intrathecal (IT) immunotherapy, specifically anti-PD1 antibody (aPD1)3.Evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of IT aPD1 checkpoint blockade in murine melanoma LMD METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: To develop BRAF(V600E)/PTEN-/- LMD models, we acquired BP, D4M, and D4M-UV2 (irradiated) murine melanoma cell lines and luciferase-tagged them. 1.5x10^4 cells were suspended in 10 uL serum-free media and injected into the cisterna magna of female C57BL/6 mice. Brain and spinal cord were harvested for histologic assessment once mice were moribund. To assess safety of IT aPD1, we injected IT control IgG or IT aPD1 (13 ug, 26 ug, 39 ug) and monitored weights or harvested at days 7 or 14 for IHC staining of inflammation markers. To evaluate therapeutic efficacy of IT aPD1, BP cells were directly injected as above. After 3 days, mice underwent imaging to confirm tumor uptake and randomization to receive 13 ug IT control IgG or aPD1 once + 200 ug systemic (Sys) control IgG or aPD1 (days 0, 3, and 5), and then monitored for survival. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: For LMD development, all mice survived cisternal injection of BP, D4M, and D4M-UV2 cells and median survival was 17, 19, and 30 days, respectively. Presence of leptomeningeal deposits was confirmed for all tumor-bearing mice by IHC for MART1. For safety of IT aPD1, all mice survived the procedure and no mice displayed morbidity or >10% weight loss over 14 days of observation. IHC assessment of brain and spinal cord samples from mice treated with 13 ug aPD1 revealed focal ischemia related to injection site and no other signs of neurological damage or inflammation. IT aPD1 treatment of mice with BP leptomeningeal tumors demonstrated no significant survival advantage, although both IT aPD1 +/- Sys aPD1 had mice live up to days 29 and 26, respectively, compared to both IT control IgG +/- Sys aPD1, for which all mice died by day 22. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS: We demonstrate that cisternal injection of murine BRAF(V600E)/PTEN-/- melanoma cell lines yield LMD with reproducible survival and that treatment with IT aPD1 in this model is feasible and safe. Together these findings establish a new model to facilitate the development of more effective immunotherapy strategies for melanoma patients with LMD.
Methylation multiplicity and its clinical values in cancer
Authors: Dai Xiaofeng , Ren Tiejun , Zhang Yuxin , Nan Nan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMethylation at DNA, RNA and protein levels plays critical roles in many cellular processes and is associated with diverse differentiation events, physiological activities and human diseases. To aid in the diagnostic and therapeutic design for cancer treatment utilising methylation, this review provides a boutique yet comprehensive overview on methylation at different levels including the mechanisms, cross-talking and clinical implications with a particular focus on cancers. We conclude that DNA methylation is the sole type of methylation that has been largely translated into clinics and used for, mostly, early diagnosis. Translating the onco-therapeutic and prognostic values of RNA and protein methylations into clinical use deserves intensive efforts. Simultaneous examination of methylations at multiple levels or together with other forms of molecular markers represents an interesting research direction with profound clinical translational potential.
The effect of Dean, Reynolds and Womersley numbers on the flow in a spherical cavity on a curved round pipe. Part 1. Fluid mechanics in the cavity as a canonical flow representing intracranial aneurysms
Authors: Chassagne Fanette , Barbour Michael C. , Chivukula Venkat K. , Machicoane Nathanael , Kim Louis J. , Levitt Michael R. , Aliseda Alberto 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Generalist versus specialist CEO and R&D commitment: evidence from an emerging market
Authors: Agnihotri Arpita , Bhattacharya Saurabh 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLeveraging the human capital specificity and the Chief Executive Officer (CEO)–top management team (TMT) interface literature, this study explores the impact of generalistversusspecialist CEOs on R&D commitments by Indian firms under the boundary conditions of TMTs' functional and educational diversity. Based on a sample of 253 firms over a period of 6 years, in contrast to previous studies, our findings suggest that specialist CEOs are more likely to invest in R&D than generalist CEOs; however, when supported by functionally and educationally diverse TMT, the R&D commitment of generalist CEOs increases as well.
‘A transverse scar on the neck’ – psychosomatic approach in the differential diagnosis and surgical treatment of hyperthyroidism in post-war Finland
Authors: Hyrkäs Eve-Riina 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn the Finnish medical discussion during the middle decades of the twentieth century, the challenging differential diagnostics between hyperthyroidism and various neuroses was perceived to yield a risk of unnecessary surgical interventions of psychiatric patients. In 1963, the Finnish surgeon Erkki Saarenmaa claimed that ‘the most significant mark of a neurotic was a transverse scar on the neck’, a result of an unnecessary thyroid surgery. The utterance was connected to the complex nature of thyroid diseases, which seemed to be to ‘a great extent psychosomatic’. Setting forth from this statement, the article aims to decipher the connection between hyperthyroidism, unnecessary surgical treatment and the psychosomatic approach in Finnish medicine. Utilising a wide variety of published medical research and discussion in specialist journals, the article examines the theoretical debate around troublesome diagnostics of functional complaints. It focuses on the introduction of new medical ideas, namely the concepts of ‘psychosomatics’ and ‘stress’. In the process, the article aims to unveil a definition of psychosomatic illness that places it on a continuum between psychological and somatic illness. That psychosomatic approach creates a space with interpretative potential can be applied to the historiography of psychosomatic phenomena more generally. Further inquiry into the intersections of surgery and psychosomatics would enrich both historiographies. It is also argued that the historical study of psychosomatic syndromes may become skewed, if the term ‘psychosomatic’ is from the outset taken to signify something that is all in the mind.
Large-Scale Ideal Point Estimation
Authors: Peress Michael 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRecent advances in the study of voting behavior and the study of legislatures have relied on ideal point estimation for measuring the preferences of political actors, and increasingly, these applications have involved very large data matrices. This has proved challenging for the widely available approaches. Limitations of existing methods include excessive computation time and excessive memory requirements on large datasets, the inability to efficiently deal with sparse data matrices, inefficient computation of standard errors, and ineffective methods for generating starting values. I develop an approach for estimating multidimensional ideal points in large-scale applications, which overcomes these limitations. I demonstrate my approach by applying it to a number of challenging problems. The methods I develop are implemented in an r package (ipe).
THE NORMS OF ALGORITHMIC CREDIT SCORING
Authors: Aggarwal Nikita 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article examines the growth of algorithmic credit scoring and its implications for the regulation of consumer credit markets in the UK. It constructs a frame of analysis for the regulation of algorithmic credit scoring, bound by the core norms underpinning UK consumer credit and data protection regulation: allocative efficiency, distributional fairness and consumer privacy (as autonomy). Examining the normative trade-offs that arise within this frame, the article argues that existing data protection and consumer credit frameworks do not achieve an appropriate normative balance in the regulation of algorithmic credit scoring. In particular, the growing reliance on consumers’ personal data by lenders due to algorithmic credit scoring, coupled with the ineffectiveness of existing data protection remedies has created a data protection gap in consumer credit markets that presents a significant threat to consumer privacy and autonomy. The article makes recommendations for filling this gap through institutional and substantive regulatory reforms.
EXPLAINING ASSIGNMENTS OF ARBITRATION AGREEMENTS
Authors: Liew Ying Khai 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe case law and literature to date have struggled to locate the rationale for the assignability of arbitration agreements. While different justifications have been proffered, each of them rests on questionable premises. This has given rise to a host of uncertainties over the rules which apply in practice. This paper proposes that a satisfactory rationale can be found in the “acceptance principle”. This principle indicates, first, that arbitration agreements which are not actual burdens can be assigned, and second, that the assignability of arbitration agreements is grounded in the assignee's acceptance in the form of non-disclaimer of the assignment. Bringing the acceptance principle to the fore not only provides a theoretically sound justification for the assignability of arbitration agreements; it also suggests how the practical uncertainties in this area of law can be resolved satisfactorily.
Pregnancy during the pandemic: the impact of COVID-19-related stress on risk for prenatal depression
Authors: King Lucy S. , Feddoes Daisy E. , Kirshenbaum Jaclyn S. , Humphreys Kathryn L. , Gotlib Ian H. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundPregnant women may be especially susceptible to negative events (i.e. adversity) related to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and negative affective responses to these events (i.e. stress). We examined the latent structure of stress and adversity related to the COVID-19 pandemic among pregnant women, potential antecedents of COVID-19-related stress and adversity in this population, and associations with prenatal depressive symptoms.MethodWe surveyed 725 pregnant women residing in the San Francisco Bay Area in March−May 2020, 343 of whom provided addresses that were geocoded and matched by census tract to measures of community-level risk. We compared their self-reported depressive symptoms to women matched on demographic factors and history of mental health difficulties who were pregnant prior to the pandemic.ResultsWomen who were pregnant during the pandemic were nearly twice as likely to have possible depression than were matched women who were pregnant prior to the pandemic. Individual- and community-level factors tied to socioeconomic inequality were associated with latent factors of COVID-19-related stress and adversity. Beyond objective adversity, subjective stress responses were strongly associated with depressive symptoms during the pandemic.ConclusionsHighlighting the role of subjective responses in vulnerability to prenatal depression and factors that influence susceptibility to COVID-19-related stress, these findings inform the allocation of resources to support recovery from this pandemic and future disease outbreaks. In addition to policies that mitigate disruptions to the environment due to the pandemic, treatments that focus on cognitions about the self and the environment may help to alleviate depressive symptoms in pregnant women.
One norm to rule them all? Corpus-derived norms in learner corpus research and foreign language teaching
Authors: Gilquin Gaëtanelle 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper considers the issue of the norm in the context of learner corpus research and its implications for foreign language teaching. It seeks to answer three main questions: Does learner corpus research require a native norm? What corpus-derived norms are available and how do we choose? What do we do with these norms in the classroom? The first two questions are more research-oriented, reviewing the types of reference corpora that can be used in the analysis of learner corpora, whereas the third one looks into the pedagogical use of corpus-derived norms. It is shown that, while studies in learner corpus research can dispense with a native norm, they usually rely on one, and that a wide range of native and non-native norms are available, from which choosing the most appropriate one(s) is of crucial importance. This large repertoire of corpus-derived norms is then reconsidered in view of the reality of the foreign language classroom.
Stereo visual odometry with velocity constraint for ground vehicle applications
Authors: Liu Fei , Balazadegan Sarvrood Yashar , Liu Yue , Gao Yang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper proposes a novel method of error mitigation for stereo visual odometry (VO) applied in land vehicles. A non-holonomic constraint (NHC), which imposes physical constraint to the rightward velocity of a land vehicle, is implemented as an observation in an extended Kalman filter (EKF) to reduce the drift of stereo VO. The EKF state vector includes position errors in an Earth-centred, Earth-fixed (ECEF) frame, velocity errors in the camera frame, angular rate errors and attitude errors. All the related equations are described and presented in detail. In this approach, no additional sensors are used but NHC, namely velocity constraint in the right direction , is applied as an external measurement to improve the accuracy. Tests are conducted with the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology and Toyota Technological Institute (KITTI) datasets. Results show that the relative horizontal positioning error improved from 0⋅63% to 0⋅22% on average with the application of the velocity constraints. The maximum and root mean square of the horizontal error with velocity constraints are both reduced to less than half of the error with stand-alone stereo VO.