bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnesium supplementation attenuates aldosterone‐induced hypertension, kidney damage and oxidative stress in genetically hypomagnesemic mice
Authors: Yogi Alvaro , Callera Glaucia E , O'Connor Sarah E , He Ying , Tostes Rita C , Mazur Andrzej , Touyz Rhian M 
Published: June 2021

Hyperaldosteronsim is associated with hypertension, fibrosis and hypomagnesemia. Here we investigated the effect of Mg2+ supplementation on aldosterone‐induced hypertension and kidney damage in mice genetically bred to have normal (MgH) or low (MgL) intracellular Mg2+ level. Male MgH and MgL mice were infused with aldosterone. Basal systolic blood pressure (SBP) was higher in MgL vs MgH (p<0.05). Aldosterone infusion increased SBP, albuminuria and renal collagen deposition (P<0.05) in both strains. TRPM6 channels are key regulators of Mg2+ reabsorption. MgL mice had reduced basal TRPM6 expression (P<0.05). Aldosteone infusion increased renal TRPM6 expression in MgH (P<0.01) but not MgL mice. Aldosterone induced oxidative stress, NF‐êB activity and expression of pro‐inflammatory markers in both MgH (1‐fold) and MgL mice (2‐fold). Aldosterone failed to increase SBP in mice fed with high Mg2+ diet. In these animals, aldosterone‐induced deleterious effects were prevented. Our data show that Mg2+ supplementation attenuates aldosterone‐induced hypertension and renal damage through changes in oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways. These findings suggest that aberrations in Mg2+ status may be associated with elevated SBP and renal damage in chronic diseases associated with hyperaldosteronism. Supplementation with Mg2+ may be protective in this context.Support: HSFC, CIHR.
Quercetin supplementation and upper respiratory tract infection: a randomized community clinical trial
Authors: Nieman David Christopher , Heinz Serena A , Henson Dru A , Austin Melanie , Jin Fuxia 
Published: June 2021

Quercetin in culture with pathogens exerts anti‐pathogenic activities, but little is known regarding quercetin's effects on upper respiratory tract infection rates (URTI). The purpose of this randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled trial was to measure the influence of two quercetin doses (500 and 1000 mg/day) compared to placebo on URTI rates in a community group (N=1002, ages 18 to 85 years). Subjects ingested supplements for 12 weeks and logged URTI symptoms on a daily basis using the Wisconsin Upper Respiratory Symptom Survey. No significant group differences were measured for URTI outcomes, or when analyzing separately by gender, BMI, and age categories. Regression analysis revealed that the strongest interaction effect with group status was self‐reported fitness level. A separate analysis of subjects ≥ 40 years of age rating themselves in the top half of the entire group for fitness level (N=325) showed lower URTI severity (36% reduction, P=0.020) and URTI total sick days (31% reduction, P=0.048) for the Q‐1000 group compared to placebo In summary, quercetin supplementation over 12 weeks had no significant influence on URTI rates or symptomatology compared to placebo for all subjects combined. A reduction in URTI was experienced in subjects ≥ 40 years of age ingesting 1000 mg quercetin/day and rating themselves as physically fit.Supported by a grant from Coca‐Cola and Quercegen Pharma
Chlorogenic acids from green and roasted coffees are equally absorbed and metabolized by humans.
Authors: Monteiro Mariana C. , Marques Viviane X. , Farah Adriana 
Published: June 2021

The bioavailability of chlorogenic acids (CGA) in humans has been recently reported. However, the role of the food matrix in this bioavailability has not yet been investigated. This study aimed at comparing the urinary excretion of CGA and metabolites in humans after green and roasted coffees consumption. Subjects (n=7) consumed in different days either capsules of green coffee, roasted coffee (8.4μmol of CGA/Kg weight) or placebo. Urine samples were collected at baseline and for 24h after treatments. CGA and metabolites were measured in urine by HPLC. Six CGA (3 caffeoylquinic and 3 dicaffeoylquinic acids) and 14 metabolites (caffeic, vanillic, ferulic, isoferulic, p‐coumaric, gallic, p‐hydroxybenzoic, dihydrocaffeic, syringic, sinapic, 3,4‐dihidroxyphenilacetic, 3‐[4‐hydroxyphenil]propionic, trans‐3‐hydroxycinnamic and benzoic acids) were quantified in the urine samples. The total urinary excretion of phenolic compounds after consumption of green (489μmol) and roasted (531μmol) coffees was higher (p<0,000) than placebo (374μmol), with no significant difference between both coffee treatments. On average, after the consumption of green and roasted coffees, respectively, 33% and 37% of total hydroxycinnamic and quinic acid moieties’ derivatives were recovered in urine. Our results indicate that CGA from both green and roasted coffees are equally absorbed and metabolized by humans.Financial Support: Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Brazil.
The addition of milk to coffee decreases the urinary excretion of chlorogenic acids and metabolites in humans when compared to plain coffee
Authors: da Silva Duarte Giselle , Farah Adriana 
Published: June 2021

In vitro digestion studies have reported a potential negative effect of milk addition to coffee and tea on their phenolic compounds’ absorption by humans. This study evaluated the effect of milk addition on the urinary excretion of chlorogenic acids (CGA) and metabolites in 5 healthy adults after the consumption of a regular coffee brew containing 561μmol of CGA. On separate days, each volunteer ingested 4g of instant coffee diluted in either water or whole milk. Urine samples were collected at baseline and for 24h after the beverage consumption. CGA and metabolites were determined in urine by HPLC/LC‐MS. Six CGA (3 caffeoylquinic and 3 dicaffeoylquinic acids) and 15 metabolites (caffeic, vanillic, ferulic, isoferulic, p‐coumaric, gallic, 4‐hydroxybenzoic, dihydrocaffeic, syringic, sinapic, 2,4‐dihidroxybenzoic, 3,4‐dihidroxyphenilacetic, 3‐(4‐hydroxyphenil) propionic, trans‐ 3‐hydroxycinnamic and benzoic acids) were quantified in the urine samples. The total urinary excretion after coffee‐milk consumption (0.5mmol) was lower (p<0.05) than after coffee‐water consumption (0.8mmol). On average, after coffee consumption, 68% of total hydroxycinnamic acid and quinic acid moieties’ derivatives were recovered in urine, while after coffee‐milk consumption only 40% was recovered. This study indicates that milk addition to coffee negatively affects the bioavailability of CGA in humans.Financial Support: Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Brazil.Grant Funding Source: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
Unsaturated Fatty Acids Repress the Expression of Adipose Fatty Acid Binding Protein (aP2) in RAW 264.7 Macrophages
Authors: Coleman Sara Lynn , Park Young‐Ki , Ku Chai Siah , Lee Ji‐Young 
Published: June 2021

Adipocyte fatty acid binding protein, aP2, present in macrophages has been implicated in the integration of lipid metabolism and inflammatory response, contributing to development of insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. We investigated the modulation of aP2 expression by inflammatory insults and fatty acids in RAW 264.7 macrophages. When the cells were incubated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS; 100 ng/ml) or 10 ng/ml of tumor necrosis factor α for 18 h, aP2 mRNA and protein levels were drastically increased. Unsaturated fatty acids (100 μM of 18:1, 18:2, 18:3, 20:5 in complex with BSA), but not saturated fatty acids (16:0), significantly repressed the basal aP2 expression and abolished induction of aP2 expression by LPS. Trichstatin A (TSA), a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, increased aP2 mRNA levels but abolish the repressive effect of 18:2 on aP2 expression in unstimulated and LPS‐stimulated macrophages. Depletion of HDAC3 or c‐Jun by siRNA significantly increased aP2 expression in unstimulated macrophages. In summary, our data suggest that basal aP2 expression in macrophages is likely to be repressed by c‐Jun in association with a corepressor complex containing HDAC3 and unsaturated fatty acids may inhibit the basal as well as LPS‐induced aP2 expression by modulating the recruitment or activity of co‐repressor complex to the promoter of aP2.Grant Funding Source: Faculty Seed Grant from University of Nebraska‐Lincoln Research Council
Use of a mouse model for conjugated linoleic acid‐induced changes in adipose depots
Authors: Ippagunta Siri Manasa , Kanosky Kayla M , Barnes Kimberly M 
Published: June 2021

Dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has been reported to decrease backfat and increase marbling in pigs. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of CLA on lipid accumulation in mouse muscle. Male mice (n=80) were fed 7% soy oil (SO) or coconut oil (CO) diets for 6 wk, then 0 or 0.5% CLA was added for 12 d. A body fat index was calculated and muscle lipid content was determined by ether extraction. Fatty acid β ‐oxidation was indicated by determining the enzyme activity of carnitine palmitoyl‐transferase (CPT)‐1. Body fat was reduced by CLA (P < 0.05). CLA caused a 28% decrease (P < 0.01) in thigh muscle lipid and a non‐significant (P = 0.22) 24% decrease in back muscle lipid. CPT‐1 activity in thigh muscle was decreased by CLA (P < 0.01) in SO‐fed mice (80.94 vs. 14.27 EU/mg protein) but not in CO‐fed mice (38.86 vs. 12.49 EU/mg protein). These results appear to indicate that mice do not accumulate muscle lipid in response to dietary CLA as do pigs. Also the reduction in muscle CPT‐1 activity caused by CLA might be associated with the reduction of fatty acids available for β‐oxidation, so the effect of CLA may be time‐dependent.Grant Funding Source: West Virginia University
Dietary intakes in pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia during chemotherapy
Authors: Chatvuttinun Suthida , Phoonlapdacha Phanphen , Suthutvoravut Umaporn , Chongviriyaphan Nalinee 
Published: June 2021

Inadequate nutrient intakes are among causes of malnutrition in patients with cancers. This study was conducted to assess daily intakes of energy, macronutrients, vitamins C (VC), and E (VE) in pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) at time of diagnosis (baseline) and during the 6‐month period of chemotherapy.Ten pediatric patients, newly diagnosed with ALL, and 10 age‐matched healthy children (as controls) were enrolled. A 3‐day food record and food frequency questionnaires were used for evaluation of daily intakes of energy, macronutrients, VC, and VE in patients at baseline, 3, and 6 months of chemotherapy. In controls, the data was collected at recruitment.The mean energy, VC, and VE intakes were not different between patients and controls at enrollment. The patients had lower energy and carbohydrate intakes at 3 months during chemotherapy than at baseline (p = 0.023). At 6 months, energy and macronutrient intakes were higher than those at 3 months, No difference was found between those at 6 months and baseline except protein, which was higher than that at baseline (p = 0.038). VC and VE intakes at 3 and 6 months were lower than at baseline (p = 0.018).In conclusion, dietary intakes in patients with ALL had changed during chemotherapy. Therefore, dietary intakes should be monitored to prevent malnutrition in these patients.This study was funded by the Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Research Grant
Effect of Family Support and Education on Diabetes Self Management in Cuban Americans
Authors: Gundupalli Deva P. , Vaccaro Joan , Huffman Fatma G. 
Published: June 2021

Effect of family support and education level on diabetes self management in Cuban Americans with type 2 diabetes was studied (n=183). Diabetes self‐management (DSM) score was calculated using 21 questions from questionnaire in which a higher score reflected better diabetes management. Family support score was calculated using questions about familys’ acceptance of patients’ condition and their support in DSM. Correlations were run for the variables DSM, family support score and education. In Cuban Americans the correlation between DSM and family support was statistically significant (r=.281, p<0.001). Data indicates that, in Cuban Americans, DSM is positively influenced by family support and education. DSM was regressed with family support score and educational levels. Family support (standardized β=.153, p=0.052) and educational levels (standardized β=.265, p=0.001) were significant in the model and explained 9.6% of the variation in DSM scores (Adjusted r2 =9.6). Hence its implications would be to involve family of the patient in type 2 diabetes self management in this Hispanic sub‐group, Cuban Americans. The better the family support, the better the diabetes management outcomes. Supported by a grant from NIH/SCORE.Grant Funding Source: NIH/SCORE
A mouse model for Non‐alcoholic Steatohepatitis
Authors: Sundaresan Sinju , Vijayagopal Parakat , Mills Nathaniel , Imrhan Victorine , Prasad Chandan 
Published: June 2021

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome that could progress to cirrhosis. Animal models adequately mimicking this condition in humans are scanty. The main objective of this study was to investigate whether high‐fat diets (HFD) with adequate methionine and choline levels can induce pathophysiological features typical of human NASH in C57BL/6J mice. Forty C57BL/6J mice, divided into control and high‐fat groups were fed low‐fat diet or HFD ad libitum for 20 weeks. At the end of 20 weeks animals were sacrificed and assays were performed for blood biomarkers typical of human NASH. HFD led to increased triglyceride accumulation in the liver and induced histopathological features of human NASH including hepatic steatosis, ballooning, inflammation and fibrosis. Liver enzymes alanine transaminase (ALT‐80.12 IU/L), aspartate transaminase (AST‐ 64.23 IU/L) and alkaline phosphatase (AP ‐ 67.43 IU/L) were significantly elevated in the high‐fat group compared to controls (ALT ‐ 38.14 IU/L; AST ‐ 23.18 IU/L, and AP ‐ 25.05 IU/L). Mice on HFD also developed hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, hypoadiponectinemia along with elevated tumor necrosis factor (TNF‐α), resistin, hs‐CRP, free fatty acids, and malondialdehyde levels that characterize NASH in humans. Long‐term HF feeding with adequate methionine and choline can induce many of the pathophysiological features of human NASH in C57BL/6J mice.Supported by Research Enhancement Program, TWU and Texas Department of Agriculture
Obese canine skeletal muscle transcriptome exhibits altered inflammatory signaling
Authors: Grant Ryan W. , Vester Boler Brittany M. , Ridge Tonya K. , Graves Thomas K. , Swanson Kelly S. 
Published: June 2021

Obesity induces changes in skeletal muscle that lead to insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to characterize the skeletal muscle transcriptome of lean and obese dogs after 24 wk of diet‐induced obesity. Intact female beagles were fed a commercially available high‐fat diet and randomized to either ad libitum feeding (n=5) or weight maintenance (n=4). Latissimus dorsi muscle and blood samples were collected and body composition was measured at baseline and at 24 wk. The skeletal muscle transcriptome of lean and obese dogs, at 24 wk, were assessed using Affymetrix Canine 2.0 microarrays and analyzed using the Limma package. Obese dogs had increased (P≤0.05) BW, body fat mass, bone mineral mass, and blood leptin and insulin concentrations, but lean mass and blood NEFA, triglycerides, glucose, and adiponectin concentrations were unchanged. 77 gene transcripts were differentially expressed in obese dogs. Functional classification of 55 annotated gene transcripts revealed differential regulation of cell signaling, transport, growth, and transcription. The obese state had decreased expression of anti‐inflammatory gene transcripts (SOCS2, CISH) and increased expression of pro‐inflammatory gene transcripts (STAT2, FLT1, TPST1). These results indicate that skeletal muscle of obese dogs has increased inflammation.Funding: Illinois CFAR # CF071‐003‐SEN
Extreme childhood obesity and risk for gastroesophageal reflux disease
Authors: Koebnick Corinna , Getahun Darios , Smith Ning , Porter Amy H , DerSarkissian Jack , Jacobsen Steven J 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionChildhood obesity may increase risk for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Therefore, we investigated whether moderate and extreme obesity is related to a higher odd for GERD in children of different age groups.MethodsFor this population‐based, cross‐sectional study, diagnosis of GERD, and measured weight and height were extracted from electronic medical records of 690,321 children aged 2–19 years who were enrolled in an integrated prepaid health plan between 2007/2008. Percentile of body mass index [BMI]‐for‐age was calculated according to 2000 CDC growth charts to assign weight class (normal weight, overweight, moderate and extreme obesity).ResultsGERD was diagnosed in 1.5% of boys and 1.8% of girls (P<0.001). Moderate and extreme obesity were associated with 16% and 32% higher odds for GERD in children aged 6–11 years compared to normal weight, respectively (OR 1.16, 95%‐CI 1.02–1.32 and 1.32, 95%‐CI 1.13–1.56). In children aged 12–19 years, moderate and extreme obesity were associated with 16% and 40% higher odds for GERD compared to normal weight, respectively (OR 1.16, 95%‐CI 1.07–1.25 and 1.40, 95%‐CI 1.28–1.52). Obesity was not related to an increased odd for GERD in children aged 2–5 years of age.DiscussionExtreme obesity in youth may increase GERD risk by up to 40%. Increasing obesity epidemic among youth may further contribute to an increased incidence of other diseases associated with GERD such as esophagitis and esophageal adenocarcinoma. Early screening of obese youth and treatment of GERD symptoms may help to avoid persistence of GERD into adulthood.
The synergistic effect of calcium (Ca), alpha‐linolenic acid (ALA) and conjugated‐linoleic acid (CLA) on osteoblastogenesis and adipogenesis
Authors: Kim Youjin , Kelly Owen J , Ilich Jasminka Z 
Published: June 2021

Recent research points into connections between bone and adipose tissue with major players being Ca, ALA and CLA. The aim of this study was to investigate possible synergistic effects among ALA, CLA and Ca on preosteoblastic MC3T3‐E1, preadipocytic MC3T3‐L1 and stromal ST2 cell proliferation. Low or high (0.5 or 2 mM) Ca in media containing individual or mixture of ALA (8.75–50 μM; n‐6/n‐3=4/1) and CLA isomers (20 μM of c9, t11/t10, c12‐CLAs; 80/10, 90/10, 90/5% respectively) were treated for 6 days (triplicate). Cell proliferation was determined by resazurin salt solution, and florescence was measured at 590 nm. ST2 and 3T3‐E1 cell proliferation was higher at 0.5 mM and lower at 2 mM Ca; Reversed was true for 3T3‐L1 cells (p<0.05). At both Ca levels, individual or mixture of ALA and CLA did not affect 3T3‐L1 cells. In ST2 cells, the effect of ALA was lowered by adding CLA (80/10; 90/10) at 0.5 mM Ca, whereas at 2 mM Ca, ALA+CLA (80/10) further enhanced proliferation. In 3T3‐E1 cells, even though ALA significantly increased proliferation at 0.5mM Ca, its effect was markedly lowered by addition of CLA at all combinations/both Ca levels. Overall, providing high Ca may reduce adipogenesis, but enhance osteoblastogenesis. In a proliferative stage, a synergistic effect among Ca, ALA and CLA on bone/fat cell may not be substantial, but is significant in increasing progenitor stromal cell formation. DMI#1673 and FSU‐CRC#119532Grant Funding Source: National Dairy Council
Prediction of biological docosahexanoic status using novel and traditional dietary assessment tools
Authors: Filipowicz Rebecca , Foster Randal , Campbell Christina 
Published: June 2021

Maternal intake of docosahexanoic acid (DHA) is associated with fetal neurodevelopment. Limited data exists to identify the appropriate dietary assessment tool for DHA. We aim to determine the relationship between DHA intake and status in non‐coastal pregnant women.Dietary data were collected using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and a weighed 3 day diet record (3dDR) (week 28 of gestation). Maternal blood was analyzed for DHA in plasma phospholipids (PL), red blood cell phosphatidylethanolamine (PE)(adjusted for plasmalogen) and phosphatidylcholine (PC). Fits were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficients (SAS, Cary, NC). Level of significance was P<0.05.Overall (n=31) DHA intake for the FFQ and blood fractions were significant (PL: R=0.565, P<0.001; PC: R=0.697, P<0.0001, PE: R=0.391, P<0.05) compared to 3dDR results (PL: R=0.524, P<0.005, PC: R=0.618, P<0.001, PE: R=0.064, NS). Data were separated into two groups: 1) >200 mg DHA/d for FFQ and 3dDR (n=12) or 2) <200 mg DHA/d on 1 or both measures (n=19). For Group 1, the FFQ correlated with PL (R=0.583, P<0.05) and PC (R=0.599, P<0.05) but not PE. For Group 2, the FFQ and PC (R=0.463, P<0.05) were significantly correlated.The FFQ is the preferred assessment tool because it more accurately reflects biological status and can better quantify lower DHA intake.Grant Funding Source: P20 RR‐16455‐07 from the NCRR, a component of the NIH.
Differences in maternal serum fatty acid composition and dietary fat intake in women with gestational diabetes or mild gestational hyperglycemia
Authors: Chen Xinhua , Scholl Theresa O , Leskiw Maria , Savaille Juanito , Stein T Peter 
Published: June 2021

We examined maternal serum fatty acid (FA) composition and dietary fat intake in a nested case‐control study in 227 women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), positive glucose challenge test without GDM (positive GCT non‐GDM) and normal GCT (controls).Fasting total serum FAs and FA composition at entry (16wk) and 3rd trimester was determined by a combination of enzymatic and gas‐chromatography mass‐spectrometry analyses. The mean levels of total FA and FA composition (10 FAs) at the 3rd trimester showed an graded increase among groups (e.g. total FA: 325±19, 357±21, 419±28; palmitate: 117±6, 128±7, 148±9; oleic: 88±7, 100±8, 120±10; linoleic: 44±3, 48±3, 59±5; linolenic: 1.5±0.1, 1.7±0.1, 2.1±0.2; arachidonic: 1.3±0.1, 1.6±0.1, 2.0±0.2 μM/l (mean±SE) for controls, positive GCT non‐GDM and GDM respectively (p for trend <0.01). Similar relations were observed at entry for total FA and 3 FAs. In contrast, dietary intake of polyunsaturated fat (g/day, adjusted for energy and total fat intake) was decreased in GDM (12±0.7), positive GCT non GDM (14±0.6) vs. controls (15±0.5, p<0.05) and intake of saturated fat was increased in GDM (34±0.7), positive GCT non GDM (33±0.6) vs. controls (32±0.5, p<0.01).The results suggest alterations in the type of dietary fat intake and possibly important changes in fat metabolism with untreated mild gestational hyperglycemia (positive GCT non‐GDM) as well as GDM pregnancy.