bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Percutaneous Biliary Drain Complications in Transplanted versus Native Liver: A Comparative Retrospective Study
Authors: Stumbras Lauren Marissa , Quencer Keith , Kaufman Claire 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to assess the rate of complications of percutaneous transhepatic biliary drain in transplanted versus native livers.
Materials and Methods A retrospective chart review was performed of all percutaneous transhepatic biliary drains completed at our institution from 2009 to 2018. Chart review of complications and interventions was recorded. Chi-squared and Fisher’s exact tests were used to compare percutaneous transhepatic biliary drains performed in patients with liver transplants (n = 62) to those with native livers (n = 285).
Results There was a statistically significant difference in the frequency of complications of percutaneous transhepatic biliary drains in patients with liver transplants (61%) compared with those with native livers (13%), χ2(1) = 9.59, p<0.01. There was a statistically significant increased frequency of worsening liver function, sepsis, bile leak, arterial and portal venous bleeds, and secondary complications in those with liver transplants. The median number of days until the complication occurred for those with liver transplants was nearly three times longer than those with native livers. The most common subsequent intervention for patients with liver transplants was placement of a new drain (53%), whereas those with native livers was drain upsize (70%).
Conclusion Complications including vascular injury, sepsis, bile leak, and worsening liver function after percutaneous transhepatic biliary drains occurred more commonly in patients with liver transplants versus native livers.
Authoritarianism as pathology of recognition: the sociological substance and actuality of the authoritarian personality
Authors: Herzog Benno 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe rise of the notions of authoritarianism and the authoritarian personality is directly linked to pathologies of early modernity and to social constellations that systematically produce dispositions of character that ultimately form the base of Nazi fascism. The aim of this article, thus, is to explore sociological actuality, i.e., the explanatory power and informative value of the concepts of authoritarianism and the authoritarian personality. Therefore, throughout the article, authoritarianism is framed as a social, i.e., relational approach, similar to that of recognition. However, as authoritarianism does not point towards autonomy, it can be read as a pathology of recognition. The text starts by presenting authoritarianism and authoritarian personality as introduced to the academic debate by early Critical Theory, including a description of the historical and intellectual conditions of the time. It then explores three essential elements of these concepts and how they have changed from then to now; namely, authorities, authoritarian measures, and psychological dispositions used to accept both. The sociological tools thus laid open are then used to respond to current questions about authoritarianism using the example of the impact of experts on crisis discourses. Pointing towards discursive mediation, I ask when and how the need to rely on experts fosters authoritarianism. There are basically two ways of understanding authoritarianism as still present in our society. The first is as a backward-leaning ideology of the good old times. Especially in politics, we can find a wish to overcome complex democratic decision-making procedures with strong, authoritarian leadership. The second form involves understanding authoritarianism not as a personal authority but as a swarm authority in the modern and (digital) panopticon. This pathology of recognition leads to alienated relations with others as mere anonymous providers of evaluations.
Comparison of the magnetic properties of bismuth substituted thulium iron garnet and yttrium iron garnet films
Authors: Zhang Yuanjing , Yang Qinghui , Liu Xiuting , Zhang Ding , Rao Yiheng , Zhang Huaiwu 
Published: June 2021

Rare-earth iron garnet thin films with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) have recently attracted a great deal of attention for spintronics applications. Bismuth substituted iron garnets are particularly popular among these various films because Bi3+ with a larger ion radius can adjust the lattice constant, strain state, and PMA of the films. In this paper, Tm2BiFe5O12 (TmBiIG) and Y2BiFe5O12 (YBiIG) garnet films with a series of thicknesses are prepared by radio frequency magnetron sputtering, and these films exhibit robust PMA. The microstructural properties, magnetic properties, and the anomalous Hall effect of these two kinds of films are discussed in detail. Due to their larger magnetostriction coefficient and proper tensile strain, TmBiIG films exhibit better PMA than YBiIG films, which have lower damping. As the thickness of TmBiIG and YBiIG films increases, the PMA becomes weaker, and the 40 nm YBiIG turns back to in-plane easy magnetization, but PMA is still obvious for the 64 nm TmBiIG. The ferromagnetic resonance linewidth of the 32 nm TmBiIG film is 249.08 Oe @ 13 GHz, and the damping factor is 1.49 × 10−2, which is close to that of Tm3Fe5O12. YBiIG films have better damping characteristics than TmBiIG films; however, the value is larger than that of yttrium iron garnet because of surface roughness and defects caused by larger lattice mismatch. In addition, on account of fewer defects and smaller surface roughness, the Hall voltage and Hall resistivity in TmBiIG/Pt heterostructures are larger than in YBiIG/Pt.
The Nagoya Protocol and Access and Benefit Sharing regulations of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and its impacts on botanic gardens’ collections and research
Authors: Kiehn Michael , Fischer Fabian , Smith Paul P. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAt its 10th meeting in 2010, the Conference of the Parties of the CBD adopted the ‘Nagoya Protocol (NP) on access to genetic resources and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from their utilisation’ which entered into force on 12 October 2014. Currently, the NP has been adopted by 129 parties, including the EU. This article reviews information retrieved from a variety of different sources dealing with the implications of Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) regulations, including the NP, for biological collections, especially regarding material accession, conservation and research in botanic gardens. Problems encountered with adhering to ABS regulations and the NP include the following: increasing bureaucratic and administrative burdens arising from the many different ABS-related regulations at the national level; difficulties in identifying and engaging with national authorities designated as competent signatories for the NP in user and provider countries; and problems arising from ambivalent and inconsistent use of terms in the NP and in national ABS legislation. The authors encourage parties to fulfil the CBD requirement for ‘simplified measures on access for non-commercial research purposes’ and point out that NP-related impediments to conservation (and fundamental research) will have negative impacts on human development and biodiversity.
Assessment of auditory processing in children with non-syndromic cleft lip and/or palate
Authors: Zarei Melika , Hosseini Dastgerdi Zahra , Momeni Alireza , Nouri Nayyereh Sadat 
Published: June 2021

Objective
Few studies have shown that children with non-syndromic cleft lip and/or palate (NSCLP) experience auditory processing disorder to some degree. APD can negatively affect communication skills and academic performance. This study aimed to assess important aspects of auditory processing in school-age children with NSCLP.

Method
Dichotic digits (DD), gaps in noise (GIN) and monaural selective auditory attention tests (mSAAT) were assessed in school-age children with NSCLP in this study.

Results
Mean scores of dichotic digits of the right ear in children with NSCLP was higher than the control group without cleft (p < .001). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the DD score of the left ear (p = .112). The score of right ear advantage (REA) in the NSCLP group was higher than the control group (p = .002). NSCLP group obtained lower scores in the GIN and mSAAT tests compared to the control group without craniofacial abnormalities (p = .008 for GIN% of the right ear and p < .001 for GIN threshold of both ears, GIN% for left ear and mSAAT scores).

Conclusion
The results indicate that some children with NSCLP may suffer from APD to some degree.
A hybrid silicon evanescent laser with sampled Bragg grating structure based on the reconstruction equivalent chirp technique for silicon photonics
Authors: Meng Ranzhe , Wang Hailing , Shi Tao , Wang Mingjin , Zheng Wanhua 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we report on a direct bonding hybrid silicon evanescent laser with sampled Bragg grating structure based on the reconstruction equivalent chirp (REC) technique for the first time. By the design of the REC technique, the hybrid silicon evanescent laser in the +1st order channel is emitted. The optical mode is evanescently coupled between the III and V waveguide and silicon waveguide. A laser with 24 mA threshold current and 0.3 mW output power from silicon waveguide at 50 mA under the continuous wave operation is obtained.
TetrODrive: an open-source microdrive for combined electrophysiology and optophysiology
Authors: Brosch Marcel , Vlasenko Alisa , Ohl Frank W , Lippert Michael T 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objective. In tetrode recordings, the cell types of the recorded units are difficult to determine based on electrophysiological characteristics alone. Optotagging, the use of optogenetic stimulation to precisely identify cells, is a method to overcome this challenge. However, recording from many different cells requires advancing electrodes and light sources slowly through the brain with a microdrive. Existing designs suffer from a number of drawbacks, such as limited stability and precision, high cost, complex assembly, or excessive size and weight. Approach. We designed TetrODrive as a microdrive that can be 3D printed on an inexpensive desktop resin printer, has minimal parts, assembly time, and cost. The microdrive can be assembled in 15 min and the price for all materials, including the 3D printer, is lower than a single commercial microdrive. To maximize recording stability, we mechanically decoupled the drive mechanism from the electrical and optical connectors. Main results. The developed microdrive is small and light enough (<1.5 g) to be carried effortlessly by a mouse. It allows reliable recordings from single units and optogenetically identified units, even across recording sessions. In contrast to previous designs, it provides a decoupling of plugging forces from the main drive body for enhanced stability. Owing to its moveable optical fiber, our microdrive can also be used for fiber photometry. The cost of a single drive is below 20 €. We evaluated our microdrive by recording single units and calcium signals in the ventral tegmental area of mice and confirmed cell identity via optotagging. Thereby we found units not following the classical reward prediction error model. Significance. TetrODrive is a tiny, lightweight, and affordable microdrive for optophysiology in mice. Its open design, price, and built-in characteristics can significantly expand the use of microdrives in mice.
Cavitation and charge separation in laser-produced copper and carbon plasma in transverse magnetic field
Authors: Behera Narayan , Kumar Ajai , Singh R K 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In the present work, we report the dynamics and geometrical features of the plasma plume formed by the laser ablation of copper and graphite (carbon) targets in the presence of different transverse magnetic field. This work emphasizes on the effect of atomic mass of the plume species on the diamagnetic behaviour and geometrical aspect of the expanding plasma plume in the magnetic field. The time-resolved analysis of the simultaneously captured two directional images in orthogonal to the expansion axis is carried out for the comparative study of projected three-dimensional structure of copper and carbon plasma plume. In the presence of magnetic field, sharp differences are observed between the copper and carbon plasma plumes in terms of formation of diamagnetic cavity and structure formation. An elliptical cavity-like structure is observed in case of copper plasma plume which attains the sharp conical shape with increasing the time delay or magnetic field strength. On the other hand, splitted carbon plasma plume appears as a Y-shape structure in the presence of magnetic field where the cavity-like structure is not observed for the considered time and magnetic field. Based on the modified energy balance relation for the elliptic cylindrical geometry, we have also simulated the dynamics of the plume which is in close agreement with observed plasma expansion in diamagnetic and non-diamagnetic regions.
Gestational Exposure to Organophosphate Pesticides and Longitudinally Assessed Behaviors Related to Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Executive Function
Authors: Sagiv Sharon K , Kogut Katherine , Harley Kim , Bradman Asa , Morga Norma , Eskenazi Brenda 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The brain’s prefrontal cortex directs higher-order cognitive and behavioral processes that are important for attention, working memory, and inhibitory control. We investigated whether gestational exposure to organophosphate (OP) pesticides was associated with these abilities in childhood and early adolescence. Between 1999 and 2000, we enrolled pregnant women in a birth cohort drawn from an agricultural region of California. We measured dialkyl phosphate (DAP) metabolites of OP pesticides in maternal pregnancy urine samples (13 and 26 weeks) and estimated associations with behaviors related to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and executive function, assessed longitudinally; 351 families provided neurodevelopmental outcome data at any point when the child was aged 7–12 years. We assessed function across multiple dimensions (e.g., working memory, attention), methods (e.g., behavior reports, child assessment), and reporters (e.g., mothers, teachers, child self-reports). Higher gestational DAP concentrations were consistently associated with behaviors related to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and executive function. For example, a 10-fold increase in gestational DAP concentration was associated with poorer longitudinally assessed Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function scores, as reported by mothers (β = 4.0 (95% confidence interval: 2.1, 5.8); a higher score indicates more problems), and Weschler Intelligence Scale for Children—Fourth Edition Working Memory scores (a 3.8-point reduction; β = −3.8 (95% confidence interval: −6.2, −1.3)). Reducing gestational exposure to OP pesticides through public health policy is an important goal.
Experimental Assessment of Workplace Radiation Exposure in Diagnostic X-ray Medical Imaging Centres in Benin from 2019 to 2020
Authors: Gbetchedji Arnaud A , Mansouri Imene , Hounsossou Hubert C , Houndetoungan Gilles D , Gbaguidi Bertin A , Haddy Nadia , Medehouenou Thierry C M , Avocefohoun Alphonse S , Takou Daniel S , Rubino Carole , Biaou Olivier , Medenou Daton , de Vathaire Florent , Amoussou-Guenou Kuassi M , Allodji Rodrigue S 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe ease of prescribing radiological examinations has prompted an expansion in radiological procedures and, consequently, an increase of occupational dose to medical imaging workers. However, little is known about radiation exposure in the workplace of medical radiology professionals in many countries, and in Benin particularly. The purpose of this study was to assess ambient radiation doses in diagnostic X-ray medical facilities in Benin and to observe whether exposure levels are below reference levels. A total of 72 public and private medical imaging centres participated in a cross-sectional study carried out from June 2019 to February 2020 in Benin. These centres had 59 X-ray, four chest and six computed tomography (CT) scan rooms. A calibrated radiameter able to measure short, pulsed or continuous X fields and gamma/beta (50 nSv to 10 Sv) was used to measure exposure levels in these functional rooms. Scattered X-ray doses and exposure time from radiological examinations both behind the lead glass of the control area to assess the levels of exposure of professionals and outside of the examination room to evaluate the level of exposure of the public (including non-exposed workers) have been provided. Equivalent doses estimated per hour were compared with the reference levels of 7.50 and 0.05 µSv per hour for workers and the public, respectively. At the control area, the mean/median (min-max) equivalent doses were 0.09/0.07 (0.00–0.21), 2.39/0.13 (0.00–75.67), and 228.39/28.65 (0.39–869.75) µSv per hour for the chest, X-ray, and CT-scan rooms, respectively. Among 69 examination rooms, 13.04% of the equivalent dose estimated in the workplace behind the lead glass was greater than 7.50 µSv per hour; 65 out of 69 examination rooms showed that 40.00% of the equivalent dose estimated behind the doors was greater than 0.05 µSv per hour. These results demonstrated that current controls, including leaded glass separating the control panel and leaded doors between the examination room and the corridor, are inadequate to limit radiation exposures. The controls must be upgraded and a dosimetry program should be implemented to monitor exposures of employees, patients, and visitors.
Respiratory Characteristics in Patients With Major Burn Injury and Smoke Inhalation
Authors: Won Yu Hui , Cho Yoon Soo , Joo So Young , Seo Cheong Hoon 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate pulmonary function measurements and respiratory muscle parameters in patients with major burn injury and smoke inhalation. The inclusion criteria included patients who were diagnosed with a smoke inhalation burn or a major burn of more than 20% of total body surface area (TBSA). All subjects underwent a pulmonary function test, respiratory muscle strength test, peak cough flow and fluoroscopic diaphragmatic movement measurement, and 6-minute walk test before starting pulmonary rehabilitation. Evaluations were conducted on the 88th day after the injury, the average time of admission to the Department of the Rehabilitation Medicine for burn rehabilitation after the completion of the acute treatment. The average degree of burns of the total 67 patients was 34.6% TBSA. All parameters in the patient group were significantly lower than the healthy controls, and a mild restrictive pattern of impairment with a reduction in diffusing capacity and more reduced expiratory muscle, than inspiratory muscle strength were observed. Peak cough flow, respiratory muscle strength, and forced vital capacity in the patient group with inhalation burn were significantly lower than in those without inhalation burn. The conditions of the majority of patients with major burn and inhalation injury were consistent with restrictive impairment and significant reduction in diffusion capacity. The patients had expiratory muscle weakness, decreased diaphragmatic movement, and exercise capacity impairment.
A Cross-sectional Survey of Health Professionals Across Australia and New Zealand to Determine What Outcome Measures Are Important From a Clinical Perspective Post Hand Burn Injury
Authors: Mc Kittrick Andrea , Gustafsson Louise 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Outcome measures are used in healthcare to evaluate clinical practice, measure efficiencies and to determine the quality of health care provided. The Burns Trauma Rehabilitation: Allied Health Practice Guidelines advocates for the collection of outcome measures post burn injuries across different time points. These guidelines recommend multiple tools which can be utilized when measuring outcomes post burn injuries. The aim of this study was to gather information from specialist clinicians regarding their clinical practice and the outcome measurement tools used post hand burn injuries. This cross-sectional study used a survey design to collect data at one given point in time across a sample population. A total of 43 clinical specialists allied health professionals responded to the survey. Respondents indicated that their patients considered hand dexterity was the most important outcome. Three months post burn injury was the most common timepoint for measurement (n = 31, 72.1%) followed by six months (n = 27, 62.8%). Patient report of hand function (n = 42, 97.7%) and observation (n = 41, 95.3%) were the most frequently reported assessment methods. The Jamar Dynamometer (n = 40, 93%), goniometer (n = 39, 90.7%) and pinch gauge (n = 36, 83.7) were the most frequency cited assessment tools. The findings of this study suggest that clinical specialist allied health collect some outcome measures in their routine practice. Based on the respondent’s perceptions of barriers when using outcome measures and lack of reliable/validated tools to measure hand burn outcomes, there is a need for further studies in this area.
Approaches of Emergency Department Physicians to Pediatric Burns: A Survey Assessment
Authors: Demir Sabri , Oztorun Can Ihsan , Erturk Ahmet , Guney Dogus , Ertoy Ayse , Doruk Hayal , Tanriverdi Fatih , Azili Mujdem Nur , Senel Emrah 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Burned children generally arrive at emergency departments before referring to specialized burn centers. Their initial treatments are performed by non-burn doctors who work in emergency departments. The aim of this study was to evaluate emergency department doctors’ knowledge regarding the initial interventions and transfer of pediatric burn patients. There were 196 participants who completed the survey: 59 were emergency medicine specialists, 46 were general practitioners, and 91 were emergency medicine residents. Sixty-five stated that they always calculate the burn surface areas, and 144 stated that the Parkland formula should be used to calculate the fluid requirements for the first 24 hours. Of all participants, only 21 marked the correct choice as the Lund–Browder scheme to calculate the total burned surface area in children. Only 52 participants marked the correct choice as the Lactated Ringer’s of the fluid given in the first 24 hours. Only 108 correctly recognized inhalation injury. To the question “What is the first intervention that doctors should do at the emergency room to burned children?,” 127 participants stated correctly as the assessment of airway maintenance. Among the participants, 124 stated that they use lidocaine pomades when covering burned children’s wounds. Incorrect interventions with burned children increase morbidity and mortality. This survey shows that non-burn doctors working in emergency departments have insufficient knowledge about pediatric burns and require further training. Therefore, they should be trained continuously and regularly on the approach to both adult and childhood burns.