bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization, Machinability Studies and Multi-response Optimization of AA 6082 Hybrid Metal Matrix Composite
Authors: Ononiwu Ndudim Henry , Ozoegwu Chigbogu G. , Madushele Nkosinathi , Akinlabi Esther T. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This work investigated the effect of carbonized eggshell and fly ash on the microstructure, mechanical properties and machinability of AA 6082. The fabrication method selected for this study was stir casting. For the hybrid metal matrix composite, the weight fraction was 2.5wt% carbonized eggshell and 2.5wt% fly ash. The microstructural examination of the cast composite showed an even dispersal of the reinforcing phases in the aluminium matrix. Density analysis saw a 10.66% reduction of the cast composite in comparison to the aluminium alloy. Improvements of 12.32%, 21.91%, and 8.30% were recorded for the microhardness, tensile strength and compressive strength respectively. The wear studies of the cast samples revealed coefficients of friction (CoF) of 0.499 and 0.290 for the base metal and the AMC respectively. For the machinability studies, the surface roughness and flank tool wear were the responses under consideration. The design of experiments was conducted using the Taguchi method. The input parameters for this investigation was the cutting speeds (100 mm/min, 200 mm/min, 300 mm/min), feeds (0.1 mm/rev, 0.2 mm/rev, 0.3 mm/rev) and depths of cut (0.5 mm, 1.0 mm, 1.5 mm). For the multi-response optimization, Taguchi based grey relational analysis was used. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the grey relational grade (GRG) revealed that the feed was the most influential factor on the surface roughness and tool wear. The initial optimization showed the optimal cutting speed, feed and depth of cut as 200 mm/min, 0.2 mm/rev and 1.5 mm respectively. The confirmatory experiments revealed that the optimal combination of factors was 200mm/min, 0.2 mm/rev and 0.5 mm for the cutting speed, feed and depth of cut respectively.
Smac BV6 Has Proapoptotic and Anti-Inflammatory Effects on Rheumatoid Arthritis Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes Activated by TLR9 Ligand
Authors: lattuada donatella , Casnici Claudia , Crotta Katia , marelli Ornella 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts (RASF) are one of the most important cells contributing reumathoid artritis (RA) pathogenesis. The critical role of the Toll-like receptor in inflammation and on autoimmune disease is not fully known. Data rising predominantly from human patients and animal models of autoimmune disease indicate that inappropriate triggering of TLR pathways by exogenous or endogenous ligands may cause the initiation and/or perpetuation of autoimmune reactions and tissue damage. Particularly, the role of TLR9 in RA is still a subject of debate and among TLRs, TLR9 is the only receptor which detects unmethylated CpG motifs in DNA (ODN), and is located intracellularly in endosomes and endoplasmic reticulum. RASFs stimulated by ODN are apoptosis-resistant and contribute to the pathogenesis of RA by producing cytokines and proteolytic enzymes, which degrade the extracellular matrix. Then, we evaluated the proapoptotic and anti-inflammatory activity of the smac BV6 on RASF cultured in synovial fluid (SF), to reproduce the physiopathological environmental characteristics of RA joints. Furthermore, BV6 induces a significant inhibition of the secretion of IL15, TNF alpha, IL6, stimulation of pannus formation, and damage of bone and cartilage in RA. Moreover the secretion of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL10 and the cleavage of capase 3 and 8 are dramatically increased in the presence of BV6. Furthermore, TLR9 elicited a robust IFN induction and we reported that in RASF treated with ODN and BV6 the expression of IRF7 is enhanced. Our observations demonstrate that BV6 has beneficial regulatory effects on the inflammatory state induced by TLR9 activation.
Nonlinearity, Scaling Trends of Quasi-Ballistic Graphene Field Effect Transistors Targeting RF Applications
Authors: Munindra  , Nand Deva 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Ballistic transport based graphene field effect transistor (GFET) is the emerging nanoelectronics device technology, which is promising to add a new dimension to electronic devices and to replace conventional silicon technology, especially for radio frequency applications. In this paper, the radio (GHz) frequency static linearity and nonlinearity performance potential are analyzed for the ballistic approach GFET under the ballistic transport regime. This work explores the static linearity of graphene FET mathematically under the quasi-ballistic transport regime along with the scaling outlook of the GFETs at four different channel lengths. The proposed model explores close mathematical expressions for Harmonic distortion, intermodulation distortion, and interception points and also depicted them in graphical form. The second and third order harmonics and intermodulation distortions are analyzed with help of mathematical analysis of drain current equation formulated using Mckelvey’s flux theory (MFT). The presented expressions are validated through a nonlinear output characteristic curve (Drain current versus drain voltage) at channel lengths of 140, 240, 300, and 1000 nm. The nonlinearity effect and its impact on the radio frequency electronic application of the quasi-ballistic and ballistic approach GFETs is one of the important prospects and is tabulated in Table 1 for more clarity with the particular models and respective frequencies.
Lipopolysaccharides Increase the Risk of Colorectal Cancer Recurrence and Metastasis Due to the Induction of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps After Curative Resection
Authors: Wang Wei-wei , Wu Lipei , Lu Wenying , Chen Wei , Yan Wenhui , Qi Chunrun , Xuan Shihai , Shang Anquan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Intra-abdominal infection after curative surgery for colorectal cancer is a serious complication associated with an increased risk of recurrence. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) – an essential component of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria – were found to exert a protumorigenic effect by stimulating the inflammatory pathology and formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). This study was conducted to test whether LPS-induced formation of NETs promotes the development of cancer and metastasis. Methods: The clinical characteristics, incidence of relapse, and serum myeloperoxidase–DNA complexes of 40 patients with infection and 40 patients without infection after curative surgery were analyzed. The effects of LPS on the induction of NETs were evaluated in a mouse model of colorectal cancer and liver metastasis. The toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) – a DNA receptor – was knocked down to assess its effect on the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway and activities implicated in the formation of NETs. Results: Analysis of the clinical data obtained from these patients showed the significant relation of the formation of NETs and incidence of metastasis and survival rates. Subsequent in-vitro experiments revealed an increased level of citrullinated-histone H3 and myeloperoxidase–DNA in LPS-injected mice with colorectal cancer. In the mimic metastatic model, injection of LPS enhanced the metastatic capacity, which was then attenuated by DNase I. This suggested that the formation of NETs was activated by LPS. Injection of TLR9-knockdown HCT116 cells in mice, followed by induction through LPS, mitigated the level of citrullinated-histone H3 and myeloperoxidase–DNA. This finding implied that the formation of NETs was suppressed. Conclusion: These findings shed light on the mechanism underlying the relationship between the elevated rate of colorectal cancer recurrence in patients who underwent surgery and the incidence of infection. This mechanism involves the protumorigenic activities of LPS-induced formation of NETs. The NETs which could be mediated by the TLR9 and the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway.
A Case Report of Rate Control With Ivabradine in a Patient With Refractory Atrial Tachycardia and Heart Failure
Authors: zhao lanting , he rong , liu yuanwei , she fei , xie ying , zhang ping 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Already known ivabradine’s effects in decreasing atrial spontaneous activity and in pulmonary veins, the focal atrial tachycardia, New information is that it is candidate for re-entrant atrial arrhythmias.Case presentation :An 85-year-old woman with a history of underlying ischemic cardiomyopathy complained of worsening heart failure symptoms due to rapid atrial tachycardia, which was resistant to several rate control drugs but responded well to ivabradine. An electrophysiology study demonstrated a roof dependent macro-reentrant tachycardia of the left atrium. Linear ablation at the left atrium roof resulted in termination of the tachycardia. Conclusion: Ivabradine can be used as an effective rate controll drug of reentrant atrial tachycardia.
Influence of Microbial Inoculant on Composting of Biodegradable Domestic Solid Wastes
Authors: Dang Hai Quang , Le Cuong Phuoc 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study investigated the effect of microbial inoculant (Emuniv) on composting of biodegradable domestic solid wastes for over 30 days. Three different types of treatments were used for the composting of source separated domestic solid waste. The results showed that the use of microbial inoculant in the composting of domestic solid wastes enhanced the biodegradation of composted organic material, which is evident from the considerable changes in temperature, moisture content and volume reduction with time. The compost treatments with Emuniv inoculant recorded higher temperature for the duration of composting phases, compared to treatment without Emuniv inoculant. Whereas, the moisture content and volume reduction of all treatments was showed a decreasing trend during the composting process. The larger reduction was seen in the treatments with Emuniv inoculant. Additionally, according to the results of analysis of variance (ANOVA), there was a statistically significant difference in temperature, moisture content and volume reduction between treatments. Moreover, the utilisation of microbial inoculant in composting was also can improve the quality of final compost product as reflected by the total nitrogen and available phosphorus contents in the compost product were higher than in the control.
Investigation of Difference Between the Three Representatives of the Functional Status According to Upper Limb Functions and Participation in Children with Congenital Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Bingöl Hasan , Günel Mintaze Kerem , Sel Sinem asena 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Although there are many valid and reliable functional motor and communication functions classification tools to describe disabled children’s functional status in clinical or research environments; however, the actual difference among their levels based on actual performance remains to be determined.Aim: This study aimed to explore whether the three functional status representatives differentiate according to actual performance in everyday life in children with congenital hemiplegic cerebral palsy (CP).Method: High to moderate functional motor and communication performance levels as described by Manual Ability Classification System (MACS), Gross Motor Function Classification System, and Communication Function Classification System (CFCS) were investigated in the context of the scaled scores of upper limb functions and participation in different life situations on ABILHAND-Kids and Child and Adolescent Scale of Participation (CASP) questionnaires. The data were collected from 98 children with congenital hemiplegic CP from different rehabilitation centers (mean age 9,3 years [SD 3.0 years], [%95 CI:8.7-9.9]; 42 females, 56 males); 28,6% classified to level I, 29,6 % to level II, and 41,8 % to level III in MACS. Results: The study findings demonstrated that scaled scores of the upper limb functions and participation in different life situations clearly increased with the greater MACS, GMFCS, and CFCS level, except for CFCS levels closest to each other.Conclusion: MACS and GMFCS was strongest predictor of a child’s actual performance in daily life.
Hierarchical Extension H2/H∞ Control Methodology for Active Front Wheel Steering System of Emergency Rescue Vehicle
Authors: Xu Fei-xiang , Zhou Chen , Liu Xin-hui 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Aiming at improving the handling stability of the emergency rescue vehicle (ERV), this paper proposes the hierarchical extension H2/H∞ control strategy into investigating the active front wheel steering (AFS) system of the ERV. Considering uncertainties and the vehicle handling stability, mixed H2/H∞ control method is presented to generate the additional front wheel angle through tracking desired vehicle yaw rate in the upper level. Furthermore, in order to enhance the H2/H∞ control effect, the novel extension control is proposed to change the H2/H∞ control signal dynamically according to different domains defined by the vehicle states. To track front wheel angle from the upper level, this study puts forward the fractional order proportional-integral-derivative (FOPID) controller based on the electro-hydraulic proportional control strategy. The simulations and hardware-in-the-loop experiments are performed to demonstrate the hierarchical control theory. The test results indicate that: (1) the lower level FOPID control method performs better than the PID control on the term of the transient and tracking ability; (2) the hierarchical extension H2/H∞ control strategy proposed ameliorate the vehicle cornering stability well, as well as can make the ERV have better handling stability than conventional H2/H∞ control.
Safety and efficacy of current sclera fixation methods for intraocular lenses
Authors: Muth Daniel Rudolf , Wolf Armin , Kreutzer Thomas C. , Shajari Mehdi , Vounotrypidis Efstathios , Priglinger Siegfried G. , Mayer Wolfgang J. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose

Evaluation of currently three most-common intraocular lens (IOL) sclera fixation techniques (1) Prolene® suture with Hoffman sclera pocket (2) GoreTex® suture four-point technique (3) sutureless flanged intrascleral IOL fixation double-needle (“Yamane”) technique.
Study design

: Retrospective, clinical case series (chart review) conducted at the Department of Ophthalmology of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
Methods

Fifty-seven eyes of 53 patients were included. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), manifest refraction (OR), corneal tomography, biometry, central macular thickness (CMT), intraocular pressure (IOP) were recorded and compared before and at least 20 days after IOL sclera fixation surgery.
Results

GoreTex® suture was done in 15, Prolene® in 20, Yamane technique in 22 eyes. The GoreTex® group showed 2, Prolene® 3, Yamane 1 eye that needed refixation due to visual impairment. Analysis between pre- and post-surgery revealed a statistically significant difference in the total BCVA (p = 0.002) and the Yamane subgroup BCVA (p = 0.047). There was no statistical difference between pre- and post-surgery IOP, CMT and CCT. No retinal complications were found. Surgery time with Yamane technique was about 1.5 times faster than GoreTex® and Prolene®. The surgery times of the subgroups differed statistical significantly. Regarding safety aspects of the three techniques no statistically significant difference pre- and post-surgery existed.
Conclusion

A visual rehabilitation to the status pre-surgery seems to be possible with a considerable amount of revision rates. All three analyzed techniques are a successful option in secondary IOL implantation in terms of efficacy and safety. The Yamane technique seems to be the least time-consuming surgical procedure.
Divergence in Accuracy of Diabetes Screening Methods in Tuberculosis Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study from Brazil and Peru
Authors: Carmo Thomas A. , Fernandes Catarina D. , Neto José F. Fróes , Araújo Davi Neri , Vinhaes Caian L. , Cubillos-Angulo Juan M. , Nogueira Betânia M. F. , Rocha Michael S. , Nascimento Vanessa , Calderon Roger I. , Lecca Leonid , Netto Eduardo M. , Andrade Bruno B. , Arriaga María B. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
To evaluate the accuracy of distinct diabetes mellitus (DM) screening methods in persons with active Tuberculosis PWTB.Levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) at the time of tuberculosis diagnosis at the study clinics were assessed from two distinct retrospective cohorts of PWTB from Brazil (n=116) and Peru (n=136) to evaluate accuracy for detecting pre-DM and DM cases. Additionally, we investigated the association of clinical and sociodemographic factors with tuberculosis and pre-DM or DM in each country.When comparing PWTB from Brazil and Peru, Peruvian individuals presented higher FPG levels at baseline (median [IQR] 91 [81–106 vs 95 [88.4–102.1]]; p=0.02), while those from Brazil had significant higher levels of HbA1c (median [IQR] 6.3 [5.7-7.15] vs 5.1 [4.9-5.4]; p<0.01). Additional analysis using the receiver operating characteristic curve revealed that the markers showed distinct accuracy to identify dysglycemia among PWTB in each country. Our findings indicate that there are significant differences in the total accuracy of the glycemic screening methods evaluated between PWTB from two highly endemic countries from South America, highlighting the need to revisit the diagnostic criteria of DM/PDM in individuals with tuberculosis.
Symmetric and Asymmetric Nexus between Institutional Quality and Sectorial Foreign Direct Investment Inflow in India: A Fresh Insight Using Simulated Dynamic ARDL Approach
Authors: Rehman Faheem Ur , Sohag Kazi , Ahmad Ejaz 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study investigates the bidirectional causal relationship between institutional quality and aggregated and disaggregated (primary, secondary and services sector) FDI inflow in India by employing new simulated autoregressive distributed lag (SARDL) dynamic techniques, which is an extended version of NARDL and ARDL. The empirical results supports that institutional quality strongly attract aggregated and disaggregated FDI and reversely FDI enhance the quality of institutions. The nexus between FDI inflow and institutional quality is good news for India to enhance the institutional quality and catch-up on advanced economies. The empirical findings detect cointegration and bidirectional causal-relationship between aggregated FDI and institutional quality.
Structure of Corrosion Layers on Archaeological Iron Artifacts From Nanhai I
Authors: Jia Minghao , Hu Pei , Gong Zisang , Xue Yadong , Hou Yufan , Sun Jian , Cui Yong , Hu Dongbo , Hu Gang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Thousands of archaeological irons were excavated from the Nanhai I ship of the Southern Song Dynasty sunk in South China Sea, most of which were severely corroded and fragmented. To understand the current corrosion state and guide the restoration and protection, one piece of these iron objects was selected for analysis. Using optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, micro-laser Raman spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction, it was clear that the archaeological iron was hypereutectic white iron with carbon content of about 4.3-6.69% and had experienced low melt undercooling. There were many internal cracks formed by general corrosion extending to the iron core which was a tendency of instability. At the interface between the iron and rust, there was a black dense layer enriched with chlorine and a loose outer layer in yellow. The dense layer was mainly composed of magnetite, akaganeite and maghemite, while the rust of the loose layer was about lepidocrocite, goethite, feroxyhite, maghemite and hematite. Besides, the major phases of all corrosion products were akaganeite and lepidocrocite. Numerous holes and cracks in the rust layer had no barrier ability to the outside electrolyte, so that the iron core formed many redox electrochemical sites to be general corrosion with the rust. Meanwhile, the dense rust close to the iron core was broken locally by enriched chlorine layer, which was extremely detrimental to the stability of the archaeological iron. By electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, it could be determined that the rust layers had no protective effect on the internal iron core indeed under the condition of simulating seawater, even accelerating corrosion. The mechanism of the rust growth was proposed from the shipwreck sinking to the laboratory testing to explain the entire corrosion process. Based on the concept of authenticity on the preservation, the archaeological rusted iron of the Nanhai I ship excavated from marine environment should be properly dechlorinated and necessarily stabilized, such as corrosion inhibition and reinforcement, for the rust structure and the internal iron core well-retained together.
The Effect of Joint Number and Joint Angle on The Failure Mechanism of Mine Pillar
Authors: sarfarazi vahab , javid hossein karimi , asgari kaveh 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Experimental and discrete element methods were used to investigate the effects of joints number and joint angle on the failure behaviour of rock pillars under uniaxial compressive test. Gypsum samples with dimension of 200 mm×200 mm×50 mm were prepared. The compressive strength of model material was Within the specimen, imbeded joint were provided. The joint lengthn was 6 cm. in constant joint length, the number of joints were one, two and three. In experimental test, the angle of diagonal plane related to horizontal axis were 0, 30, 60 and 90 degree. In numerical test, the angle of diagonal plane related to horizontal axis were 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 degree. The axial load rate on the model was 0.05 mm/min. the results showed that the failure process was mostly governed by both of the non-persistent joint angle and joint nubmer. The compressive strengths of the specimens were related to the fracture pattern and failure mechanism of the discontinuities. Furthermore it was shown that the shear behaviour of discontinuities is related to the number of the induced tensile cracks which are increased by increasing the joint angle. The strength of samples increases by increasing both of the joint angle and joint number. Finally, the failure pattern and failure strength are similar in both methods i.e. the experimental testing and the numerical simulation methods.