bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical characteristics and pore evolution of red sandstone under ultrasonic high-frequency vibration excitation
Authors: Zhang Lei , Wang Xufeng , Wang Jiyao , Yang Zhanbiao 
Published: May 2021

Ultrasonic vibration rock breaking is a new type of rock breaking technology. By studying the mechanical properties of red sandstone under ultrasonic vibration, the mechanical behavior and damage mechanism of rock under the impact of high-frequency vibration can be revealed more comprehensively from macro- and microscopic standpoints. In this paper, the cylindrical red sandstone specimen is used as the study object subjected to vibration excitation via the ultrasonic vibration device. The change in the mechanical parameters of red sandstone specimens is analyzed via a single-axial compression test. The red sandstone specimens are vibrated to study the effects of high-frequency vibration on their natural frequency. The latter’s natural frequency is measured using the knocking method, while the micro-disruption characteristics of the red sandstone are observed via electron microscopy. The T2 spectrum, aperture distribution, porosity, and nuclear magnetic resonance image (MRI) evolution characteristics of red sandstone specimens are obtained via nuclear magnetic resonance technology. The results show that ultrasonic vibration deteriorates the red sandstone compressive strength and elastic modulus by 55.3% and 26.9%, respectively, after 120 s of excitation. Under ultrasonic vibration excitation, the rock specimen’s natural frequency is reduced by 2.4% due to its mass and elastic modulus variation. Many transgranular cracks are generated in the sandstone, splitting the crystal nucleus into smaller blocks. The generation of new micropores is observed in the T2 spectrum, and the maximum increase in the dimensions of micropores and mesopores at the two peaks is 58.7% and 4.67%, respectively. The variation trend of rock specimen porosity is completely consistent with the variation in micropores’ content. MRI images indicate that the microcrack aggregation occurs in the edge area of the contact surface between the exciter and rock.
Response of
Authors: Wang Dan , Sun Yuchu , Tu Mei , Zhang Peipei , Wang Xiaoqiong , Wang Taixia , Li Jingyuan 
Published: May 2021

Plants inevitably receive harmful UV-B radiation when exposed to solar energy, so they have developed a variety of strategies to protect against UV-B radiation damage during long-term evolution. In this study, Zebrina pendula Schnizl. was used to investigate the plant defence against UV-B radiation because of its strong adaptability to sunlight changes, and the colour of its leaves changes significantly under different sunlight intensities. The experiment was carried out to study the changes of Z. pendula leaves under three light conditions: artificial daylight (control check); shading 50%; and artificial daylight + UV-B, aiming to explore the mechanism of defence against UV-B radiation by observing changes in leaf morphological structure, anthocyanin content and distribution. Results showed that the single leaf area increased but leaves became thinner, and the anthocyanin content in the epidermal cells decreased under 50% shading. In contrast, under daylight + UV-B, the single leaf area decreased but thickness increased (mainly due to the increase of the thickness of the upper epidermis and the palisade tissue), the trichomes increased. In addition, the anthocyanin content in the epidermal cells and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity increased, and the leaf colour became redder, also, the photosynthetic pigment content in mesophyll cells and the biomass per unit volume increased significantly under daylight + UV-B. Thus, when UV-B radiation was enhanced, Z. pendula leaves reduced the exposure to UV-B radiation by reducing the area, and reflect some UV-B radiation by growing trichomes. The UV-B transmittance was effectively reduced by increasing the single leaf thickness and anthocyanin content to block or absorb partial UV-B. Through the above comprehensive defence strategies, Z. pendula effectively avoided the damage of UV-B radiation to mesophyll tissue.
Cognitive impairment after focal brain lesions is better predicted by damage to structural than functional network hubs
Authors: Reber Justin , Hwang Kai , Bowren Mark , Bruss Joel , Mukherjee Pratik , Tranel Daniel , Boes Aaron D. 
Published: May 2021

Significance
Hubs are highly connected brain regions that are important for coordinating processing in brain networks and supporting cognition. There are several different methods for characterizing network hubs in gray and white matter, yet it is unclear which of these hub measures identify sites that are most critical for supporting cognition. Here, we use data from two large cohorts of patients with focal brain damage to show that lesions of white matter regions with dense structural connections have the strongest association with cognitive impairment, while gray matter functional centrality measures have weaker associations. These findings highlight the critical role of densely connected white matter regions in supporting cognition, which helps to explain interindividual differences in cognitive outcomes following brain damage.
An interpreted atlas of biosynthetic gene clusters from 1,000 fungal genomes
Authors: Robey Matthew T. , Caesar Lindsay K. , Drott Milton T. , Keller Nancy P. , Kelleher Neil L. 
Published: May 2021

Significance
Fungi represent an underexploited resource for new compounds with applications in the pharmaceutical and agriscience industries. Despite the availability of >1,000 fungal genomes, our knowledge of the biosynthetic space encoded by these genomes is limited and ad hoc. We present results from systematically organizing the biosynthetic content of 1,037 fungal genomes, providing a resource for data-driven genome mining and large-scale comparison of the genetic and molecular repertoires produced in fungi, and compare to those present in bacteria.
Molecular dynamics reveals formation path of benzonitrile and other molecules in conditions relevant to the interstellar medium
Authors: Jose Jeeno , Zamir Alon , Stein Tamar 
Published: May 2021

Significance
Understanding how aromatic molecules are formed in the harsh environment of the interstellar medium has long presented a significant unsolved puzzle to scientists. This paper investigates how small aromatic molecules and aromatic nitrogen heterocycles (as well as nonaromatic molecules) are formed from van der Waals clusters upon ionization. Applying ab initio molecular dynamics, we demonstrate that when the clusters contain acetylene and cyanoacetylene—some of the building blocks found in Taurus Molecular Cloud-1—the formation of benzonitrile cation can be predicted. Our results also envisage the formation of other important compounds, including a bicyclic structure, and can help facilitate astronomy’s search for additional aromatic molecules in the interstellar medium.
Identification of EMT signaling cross-talk and gene regulatory networks by single-cell RNA sequencing
Authors: Deshmukh Abhijeet P. , Vasaikar Suhas V. , Tomczak Katarzyna , Tripathi Shubham , den Hollander Petra , Arslan Emre , Chakraborty Priyanka , Soundararajan Rama , Jolly Mohit Kumar , Rai Kunal , Levine Herbert , Mani Sendurai A. 
Published: May 2021

SignificanceThe epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical cell biological process that occurs during normal embryonic development and cancer progression. Our study combines single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis and mathematical modeling to identify critical regulators of EMT. Detailed analyses of TGF-β1–induced EMT by single-cell RNA-sequencing data revealed simultaneous activation of EMT signaling pathways. We created mathematical approaches to identify the master regulatory pathway of EMT and key downstream mediators of this process. This study sheds light on the signaling architecture that governs EMT and informs ongoing efforts to delineate drivers of cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis.
The Coronavirus Corpus
Authors: Davies Mark 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper discusses the creation and use of the Coronavirus Corpus, which is currently (March 2021) 900 million words in size, and which will probably be about one billion words in size by May–June 2021. The Coronavirus Corpus is a subset of the NOW Corpus (News on the Web), which is currently about 12.1 billion words in size and which grows by about two billion words each year. These two corpora are updated every night, with about 6–10 million words for NOW and 2–3 million words for the Coronavirus Corpus. The Coronavirus Corpus allows users to see the frequency of words and phrases over time (even by individual day), and users can find all words that are more frequent in one time period than another. Users can also see the collocates for words and phrases, and compare the collocates to see what is being said about particular topics over time.
A simple thought experiment to discuss the mass–energy equivalence in the special theory of relativity
Authors: Duarte Sergio , Lima Nathan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Einstein’s relation between mass and energy is perhaps the most famous equation of Physics. Despite its simplicity, the meaning of

E
0

=
m

c
2

is not easy to grasp. Furthermore, its traditional derivations rely either on the integral of momentum, on properties of electromagnetic radiation, or even on the expression for transformation of energy. In the present work, we provide a simple thought experiment with an inelastic collision between two particles observed from two inertial reference frames. We show that for the conservation of relativistic momentum to hold, the mass of the system must increase after the collision. We also show that the increase of mass relates to the loss of kinetic energy according to the equation

Δ

K
=
−

Δ

m

c
2

, which enables us to define the equation for relativistic energy (

E
=
m

c
2

/

1
−

v
2

/

c
2

), rest energy (

E
0

=
m

c
2

)

and relativistic kinetic energy (

K
=
E
−

E
0

)

. There are two main advantages in this presentation: first, it relies only on simple algebra, not depending on differential calculus and on any property of radiation; second, it leads directly to a comprehensible physical meaning of the relation of equivalence, which can sometimes be too obscure in more formal derivations.
The Best Selection of PIP Scholarship: AHP-TOPSIS Vs Fuzzy AHP-TOPSIS
Authors: Wardana Ari Kusuma , Rianto  
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Smart Indonesia Program (PIP) is a program created by the government to address education problems in Indonesia. Selection of students who are entitled to PIP assistance is the main problem in this study, so this study aims to provide a comparison and evaluation of the selection of students who are entitled to PIP assistance. Previous research has been evaluated using the AHP-TOPSIS method and in this study comparing the method between AHP-TOPSIS vs Fuzzy AHP-TOPSIS, the purpose of this study is to obtain the effectiveness of both methods. The criteria in this study are the impact of natural disasters, physical disabilities, the convict’s family, PKH / KPS / KKS holders, destitute, orphans, parents’ income and conflict areas. In this study, the results show that the two methods have the same ranking results, even though they have different weight values. This is because the importance value of each criterion is close together so that the results of the ranking of the two methods are the same. From these results, it can be concluded that the two methods are feasible to be used in the PIP scholarship selection, where the ranking of the choices is in alternatives 2 3 and 4.
Effect of Current Densities in Cu-Sn-Zn Electroplating Process on Carbon Substrate Using Less Hazardous Electrolyte
Authors: Rosley R , Jikan S S , Badaruzaman N A , Roslan M S , Razak S N A , Esa F 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Cu-Sn-Zn ternary alloy coatings was studied from a less hazardous electrolyte containing copper (II) chloride, tin (II) chloride, zinc (II) chloride, reducing agent and complexing agent. In this work, the impact of different current densities on morphology, chemical composition, current efficiency, microhardness and corrosion rate were investigated by method of scanning electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, weight gain measurements, x-ray diffraction, and potentiodynamic polarization measurement, respectively. It was discovered that, Cu-Sn-Zn alloys obtained at 30 mA/cm2 presents the highest microhardness value. It is also can be concluded that, current densities have a significant impact on the appearance and the surface morphology of Cu-Sn-Zn alloy electrodeposits.
VIRUSBreakend: Viral Integration Recognition Using Single Breakends
Authors: Cameron Daniel L , Jacobs Nina , Roepman Paul , Priestley Peter , Cuppen Edwin , Papenfuss Anthony T 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Motivation
Integration of viruses into infected host cell DNA can cause DNA damage and disrupt genes. Recent cost reductions and growth of whole genome sequencing has produced a wealth of data in which viral presence and integration detection is possible. While key research and clinically relevant insights can be uncovered, existing software has not achieved widespread adoption, limited in part due to high computational costs, the inability to detect a wide range of viruses, as well as precision and sensitivity.

Results
Here, we describe VIRUSBreakend, a high-speed tool that identifies viral DNA presence and genomic integration. It utilizes single breakends, breakpoints in which only one side can be unambiguously placed, in a novel virus-centric variant calling and assembly approach to identify viral integrations with high sensitivity and a near-zero false discovery rate. VIRUSBreakend detects viral integrations anywhere in the host genome including regions such as centromeres and telomeres unable to be called by existing tools. Applying VIRUSBreakend to a large metastatic cancer cohort, we demonstrate that it can reliably detect clinically relevant viral presence and integration including HPV, HBV, MCPyV, EBV and HHV-8.

Availability and implementation
VIRUSBreakend is part of the Genomic Rearrangement IDentification Software Suite (GRIDSS). It is available under a GPLv3 license from https://github.com/PapenfussLab/VIRUSBreakend.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Countering Corporate Power Through Social Control: What Does a Social Licence Offer?
Authors: Haines Fiona , Bice Sara , Einfeld Colette , Sullivan Helen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper interrogates the capacity for social control to act as a complement and alternative to the law in controlling corporate harm. Social control can manifest as demands that businesses obtain a social, not just a legal, licence to operate which can provide an avenue for communities to reject or shape company operations. Drawing on parallels with the ambiguities that hinder the criminalization of business conduct, this paper shows how the social licence can also be used to silence critical voices or justify harmful practices. This ambiguity hinges on struggles around what is or is not socially desirable, which can engender significant conflict. Whilst this conflict might be inevitable, even productive in reducing corporate harm, it can leave a debilitating social legacy.
Strengthening Prevention, Early Intervention and Family Support: A Conceptual Framework for Studying System Change in Irish Child Protection and Welfare
Authors: Malone Patrick , Canavan John 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
All states grapple with the challenges of protecting children and ensuring their development. For minority world states, whilst there is a longer history of established systems focused on the protection and welfare of children, transformation and change are ever-present characteristics of such systems—reflecting the ongoing pursuit of greater effectiveness in meeting the needs of service users. Recent trends suggest an increased focus on prevention and family support amongst child protection systems, with some national and regional states re-organising services in this direction. Alongside these central policy and practice reforms, academic literature has emerged to support those considering and planning for system change and improvement in child protection. In this article, we first propose a conceptual framework for studying system change in child protection, building on the work of Coffman and Wulczyn, but incorporating three further orientations: system culture and climate; implementation science; and leadership. Secondly, using Ireland’s experience of developing and strengthening the prevention and family support dimensions of its child protection system as a case study, we assess the value of the framework and possible revisions to it for future use.
Chemo Proling and Simultaneous Analysis of Different Combinations of Sinomenii Caulis and Ramulus Cinnamomi Using UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS, GC–MS and HPLC Methods
Authors: Liu Liu , Chu Xiaoqin , Tian Chunling , Xia Mengqiu , Zhang Lu , Jiang Jianqin , Gui Shuangying 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objective
Sinomenii Caulis (QingFengTeng) and Ramulus Cinnamomi (GuiZhi) are traditional Chinese drugs that have been used for anti-inflammation. In this study, the team plans to find out the material basis of a Chinese herb combination composed of the two herbs with different ratios.

Methods
The extracts of the herbal compound with various ratios obtained from ethanol extraction were analyzed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS) and gas chromatography coupled mass spectrometry to identify the basic chemical compounds. Simultaneously, the contents of the eight main components (sinomenine, magnoflorine, laurifoline, dauricine, coumarin, cinnamyl alcohol, cinnamic acid and cinnamaldehyde) from herb formula were determined by gradient elution by high-performance liquid chromatography. Furthermore, the content of sinomenine and cinnamaldehyde were determined by isocratic elution, respectively.

Results
Eighteen compounds in the herb formula were identified by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS. The components in the GuiZhi are mostly volatile oils and the kinds of compounds isolated from the formula in the ratio of 4:1 were the most. Wherein eight compounds were identified as the main detection targets in the content determination.

Conclusion
The extraction rate of sinomenine in QingFengTeng was related to the proportion of GuiZhi in the drug pairs. Synchronously, the addition of sinomenine in different proportions also had some influence on the extraction of cinnamaldehyde in GuiZhi. Furthermore, the series of methods was successfully applied to the simultaneous determination of chemical compounds in different samples of QingFengTeng–GuiZhi decoction.
Regional foundations of energy transitions
Authors: Coenen Lars , Hansen Teis , Glasmeier Amy , Hassink Robert 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Due to a spatial turn in the socio-technical transition literature, the geography of energy transitions has recently been taken increasingly seriously, leading to burgeoning research output on regional energy transitions since early 2010. Amidst this wealth of publications, however, it can be difficult to keep track of its diverse and constantly evolving landscape. This editorial therefore aims at developing a framework that allows for bringing multiple approaches to regional energy transitions into conversation with each other and that helps to understand and explain the complexity of these interdependencies in ways that go beyond observing regional variety in energy transitions.
Computing moment inequality models using constrained optimization
Authors: Dong Baiyu , Hsieh Yu-Wei , Shum Matthew 
Published: May 2021

Summary
Inference for moment inequality models is computationally demanding and often involves time-consuming grid search. By exploiting the equivalent formulations between unconstrained and constrained optimization, we establish new ways to compute the identified set and its confidence set in moment inequality models that overcome some of these computational hurdles. In simulations, using both linear and nonlinear moment inequality models, we show that our method significantly improves the solution quality and save considerable computing resources relative to conventional grid search. Our methods are user-friendly and can be implemented using a variety of canned software packages.
University students’ sense of coherence, future worries and mental health: findings from the German COVID-HL-survey
Authors: Dadaczynski Kevin , Okan Orkan , Messer Melanie , Rathmann Katharina 
Published: May 2021

Summary
Early-on in the COVID-19 pandemic when universities were closed as part of the nation-wide public health response to the COVID-19 outbreak, studying and student life significantly changed. Based on limited evidence the aim of this study was to explore the relationship between sense of coherence (SoC), future worries and mental health outcomes among German university students during the early phase of the pandemic. A cross-sectional online survey with n = 14 916 participants was carried out by inviting all private and public universities in Germany. All data were analysed using univariate, bivariate and multivariate statistics. Findings indicate a low and very low wellbeing for 38% of university students. Moreover, 29% reported being affected by at least two health complaints more than once week. Both health outcomes follow a social gradient and could be more frequently observed for respondents with lower subjective social status and female students. Regression analysis revealed significant association between the SoC dimensions and wellbeing (OR: 1.2−2.03) as well as health complaints (OR: 1.58−1.71). A high level of future worries was associated with low/very low wellbeing (OR: 2.83) and multiple health complaints (OR: 2.84). Based on the results, the public health response to the pandemic and university health promotion should therefore consider student mental health as an important target within their policy and action frameworks.
Surgical reconstruction of the dissected innominate artery using extra-anatomic aorto-axillar bypass
Authors: Zivkovic Igor , Micovic Slobodan , Bojovic Zeljko , Peric Miodrag 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The innominate artery is the most commonly affected supra-aortic vessel in the acute ascending aorta dissection. The brachiocephalic vessels, separated from the true lumen, need reimplantation. The fragile vessel tissue might be challenging to reconstruct. Cerebral blood flow could be restored using an extra-anatomic bypass.