bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
British Nutrition Foundation Healthy Eating Week 2020 – insights into the effect of COVID‐19 on eating and activity habits of adults and children in the UK
Authors: Theobald Claire , White Alex 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article provides an overview of the British Nutrition Foundation's Healthy Eating Week in 2020. Included is a summary of the Week, including resources developed, activities undertaken by participants, the results of two surveys of the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the healthy eating habits and physical activity levels of children and adults in the UK and an evaluation of the Week, along with details for future plans.
UK Nutrition Research Partnership (NRP) workshop: Forum on advancing dietary intake assessment
Authors: de la Hunty Anne , Buttriss Judith , Draper John , Roche Helen , Levey Georgia , Florescu Ana , Penfold Naomi , Frost Gary 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe development of better and more robust measures of dietary intake in free living situations was identified as a priority for advancing nutrition research by the Office of Strategic Coordination for Health Research (OSCHR) Review of Nutrition and Human Health Research in 2017. The UK Nutrition Research Partnership (NRP) sponsored a workshop on Dietary Intake Assessment methodology alongside its series of ‘Hot Topic’ workshops designed to accelerate progress in nutrition research by bringing together people from a range of different disciplines. The workshop on Dietary Intake Assessment methodology took place via Zoom over two half‐days in January 2021 and included 50 scientists from a wide range of disciplines. The problems with current methods of dietary assessment and how emerging technologies might address them were set out in pre‐recorded presentations and explored in panel discussions. Participants then worked in breakout groups to discuss and prioritise the research questions that should be addressed to best further the field and lead to improvements in dietary assessment methodology. Five priority research questions were selected. Participants were asked to brainstorm potential approaches for addressing them and were then asked to focus on one approach and develop it further. At the end of these sessions, participants presented their project ideas to the rest of the workshop and these will be reported back to the Medical Research Council. It is hoped that potential collaborative projects arising from these discussions will be taken forward in response to future funding calls.
Laboratory monitoring during treatment of onychomycosis in pediatric patients: A survey of provider perspectives and practices
Authors: Brockman Ross , Funk Tracy 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground/objectivesLiterature regarding the cost and necessity of laboratory monitoring during oral antifungal treatment in adults has recently been published. However, consensus guidelines for the treatment and monitoring of pediatric patients with systemic antifungals for onychomycosis are lacking. We sought to evaluate both the practice trends and perspectives of pediatric dermatology providers who treat pediatric onychomycosis.MethodsAn electronic survey was administered to providers belonging to the Society for Pediatric Dermatology (SPD) and/or Pediatric Dermatology Research Alliance (PeDRA) regarding their clinical practice and reasoning for laboratory monitoring during the treatment of pediatric onychomycosis.ResultsOne hundred and twenty‐one providers completed the survey (12.5%). 77% identified themselves as pediatric dermatologists. A majority practice in the academic setting (51%), and 54% were primarily only pediatric providers. All respondents prescribe oral terbinafine for onychomycosis. 88% of respondents always or almost always confirm the diagnosis of onychomycosis prior to prescribing oral terbinafine for onychomycosis. 39% always or almost always routinely order baseline laboratory tests while 40% never or almost never do. 41% never or almost never order monitoring laboratory tests during treatment while 32% always or almost always do. 91.5% have never discovered a significant reaction to terbinafine with routine monitoring.ConclusionPediatric dermatology providers are very likely to confirm the diagnosis of onychomycosis prior to systemic treatment. Significant variability was found in pretreatment and treatment laboratory monitoring, reasons for laboratory monitoring or deferral of testing, and timing of testing among providers. Knowledge of current practice trends as well as provider perspectives may be useful in the future development of consensus guidelines.
Effects of the Great East Japan Earthquake and the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident on behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia among patients
Authors: Miyagawa Akemi , Kunii Yasuto , Gotoh Daisuke , Hoshino Hiroshi , Kakamu Takeyasu , Hidaka Tomoo , Kumakura Tetsuo , Fukushima Tetsuhito , Yabe Hirooki , Kawakatsu Shinobu 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundThe Great East Japan Earthquake triggered accidents at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, becoming the first complex disaster that included both a natural and a nuclear power disaster. This study examines how complex disasters affect patients with dementia.MethodsParticipants included the 331 people diagnosed with dementia out of the 2482 new patients (between January 2008 and December 2015) at a psychiatric hospital located in the indoor sheltering zones nearby mandatory evacuation zones. Medical records were retrospectively examined to identify the number of new patients with dementia, the severity, their chief complaints, and the behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) types. BPSD were classified into the hyperactive BPSD group and the hypoactive BPSD group. The hyperactive BPSD group was further subdivided into the hyperactivity‐impulsivity‐irritability‐disinhibition‐aggression‐agitation group, which exhibited agitation, disinhibition, and irritability, and the psychosis group, which exhibited delusions and hallucinations. The hypoactive BPSD group included depression, inactivity, apathy, and anxiety. Results were divided into the period before the complex disaster (2008–2010) and after (2012–2015) and were compared. In addition, the post‐complex‐disaster period was subdivided into the early phase (2012–2013) and the late phase (2014–2015).ResultsThe proportion of new patients with dementia increased significantly after the disaster. Although there was no change in patients' age and the disease's severity, the proportion of patients whose chief complaint was BPSD increased significantly after the disaster. Furthermore, there was a significant increase in the hyperactivity‐impulsivity‐irritability‐disinhibition‐aggression‐agitation group in the early post‐complex‐disaster phase and a significant increase in the psychosis group in the late post‐complex‐disaster phase.ConclusionThis complex disaster caused increased consultations from patients with dementia and increased BPSD. Additionally, it increased participants' symptoms of agitation and irritability in the early post‐complex‐disaster phase and the proportion of hallucinations and delusions in the late post‐complex‐disaster phase.
Uniform (very) sharp bounds for ratios of parabolic cylinder functions
Authors: Segura Javier 
Published: June 2021

AbstractParabolic cylinder functions are classical special functions with applications in many different fields. However, there is little information available regarding simple uniform approximations and bounds for these functions. We obtain very sharp bounds for the ratio and the double ratio in terms of elementary functions (algebraic or trigonometric) and prove the monotonicity of these ratios; bounds for are also made available. The bounds are very sharp as and , and this simultaneous sharpness in three different directions explains their remarkable global accuracy. Upper and lower elementary bounds are obtained which are able to produce several digits of accuracy for moderately large and/or n.
The control of shear‐zone development and electric conductivity by graphite in granulite: An example from the Proterozoic Lofoten‐Vesterålen Complex of northern Norway
Authors: Engvik Ane K. , Gautneb Håvard , Baranwal Vikas C. , Rønning Jan‐Steinar , Knežević Solberg Janja , Liu Yunhe , Austrheim Håkon 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGraphite impacts crustal rheology and electric conductivity in the lower crust. In a combined geophysical and geological study from the Proterozoic Lofoten‐Vesterålen Complex, Norway, we show the enrichment of graphite resulted in zones with strong schistosity and a sharp strain gradient towards host massive granulite gneiss. Increased graphite content resulted in high‐conductivity zones with true resistivity values <10 Ωm compared with a resistivity of >3,000 Ωm in the low‐conductive crust. The regionally distributed graphite zones contain up to 39% graphite with variable amounts of quartz, feldspars, biotite and pyroxenes and where graphite is present in stable assemblage to orthopyroxene. High‐ordered graphite and biotite with a strong‐preferred orientation define the well‐developed foliation. Our results demonstrate that graphite accounts for the high electric conductivity of this former Proterozoic lower‐crustal segment. The presence of graphite causes strain localisation in the granulite facies crust, reducing crustal strength and may thereby influence continental architecture and evolution of collision zones.
The ESCRT‐III complex contributes to macromitophagy in yeast
Authors: Wu Zulin , Xu Haiqian , Liu Junze , Zhou Fan , Liang Yongheng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMitochondria play important roles in energy generation and homeostasis maintenance in eukaryotic cells. The damaged or superfluous mitochondria can be nonselectively or selectively removed through the autophagy/lysosome pathway, which was referred as mitophagy. According to the molecular machinery for degrading mitochondria, the selectively removed mitochondria can occur through macromitophagy or micromitophagy. In this study, we show that the endosomal sorting complex required for transport III (ESCRT‐III) in budding yeast regulates macromitophagy induced by nitrogen starvation, but not by the post‐logarithmic phase growth in lactate medium by monitoring a mitochondrial marker, Om45. Firstly, loss of ESCRT‐III subunit Snf7 or Vps4‐Vta1 complex subunit Vps4, two representative subunits of the ESCRT complex, suppresses the delivery and degradation of Om45‐GFP to vacuoles. Secondly, we show that the mitochondrial marker Om45 and mitophagy receptor Atg32 accumulate on autophagosomes marked with Atg8 (mitophagosomes, MPs) in ESCRT mutants. Moreover, the protease‐protection assay indicates that Snf7 and Vps4 are involved in MP closure. Finally, Snf7 interacts with Atg11, which was detected by two ways, glutathione‐S‐transferase (GST) pulldown and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assay, and this BiFC interaction happens on mitochondrial reticulum. Therefore, we proposed that the ESCRT‐III machinery mediates nitrogen starvation‐induced macromitophagy by the interaction between Snf7 and Atg11 so that Snf7 is recruited to Atg32‐marked MPs by the known Atg11–Atg32 interaction to seal them. These results reveal that the ESCRT‐III complex plays a new role in yeast on macromitophagy.
Functional expression of TMEM16A in taste bud cells
Authors: Guarascio Domenico M. , Gonzalez‐Velandia Kevin Y. , Hernandez‐Clavijo Andres , Menini Anna , Pifferi Simone 
Published: June 2021

Key points
Taste transduction occurs in taste buds in the tongue epithelium.
The Ca2+‐activated Cl– channels TMEM16A and TMEM16B play relevant physiological roles in several sensory systems.
Here, we report that TMEM16A, but not TMEM16B, is expressed in the apical part of taste buds.
Large Ca2+‐activated Cl− currents blocked by Ani‐9, a selective inhibitor of TMEM16A, are measured in type I taste cells but not in type II or III taste cells.
ATP indirectly activates Ca2+‐activated Cl– currents in type I cells through TMEM16A channels.
These results indicate that TMEM16A is functional in type I taste cells and contribute to understanding the largely unknown physiological roles of these cells.
AbstractThe Ca2+‐activated Cl– channels TMEM16A and TMEM16B have relevant roles in many physiological processes including neuronal excitability and regulation of Cl– homeostasis. Here, we examined the presence of Ca2+‐activated Cl– channels in taste cells of mouse vallate papillae by using immunohistochemistry and electrophysiological recordings. By using immunohistochemistry we showed that only TMEM16A, and not TMEM16B, was expressed in taste bud cells where it largely co‐localized with the inwardly rectifying K+ channel KNCJ1 in the apical part of type I cells. By using whole‐cell patch‐clamp recordings in isolated cells from taste buds, we measured an average current of −1083 pA at −100 mV in 1.5 μm Ca2+ and symmetrical Cl– in type I cells. Ion substitution experiments and blockage by Ani‐9, a specific TMEM16A channel blocker, indicated that Ca2+ activated anionic currents through TMEM16A channels. We did not detect any Ca2+‐activated Cl– currents in type II or III taste cells. ATP is released by type II cells in response to various tastants and reaches type I cells where it is hydrolysed by ecto‐ATPases. Type I cells also express P2Y purinergic receptors and stimulation of type I cells with extracellular ATP produced large Ca2+‐activated Cl− currents blocked by Ani‐9, indicating a possible role of TMEM16A in ATP‐mediated signalling. These results provide a definitive demonstration that TMEM16A‐mediated currents are functional in type I taste cells and provide a foundation for future studies investigating physiological roles for these often‐neglected taste cells.
Effect of Fluconazole on Indinavir Pharmacokinetics in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients
Authors: De Wit S. , Debier M. , De Smet M. , McCrea J. , Stone J. , Carides A. , Matthews C. , Deutsch P. , Clumeck N. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT

To evaluate a potential pharmacokinetic interaction of coadministration of fluconazole, and indinavir, a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease inhibitor, 13 patients were enrolled in a multiple-dose, three-period, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Patients were randomly assigned to receive indinavir at 1,000 mg every 8 h for 7

1

3

days (with fluconazole placebo), fluconazole at 400 mg once daily for 8 days (with indinavir placebo), and indinavir with fluconazole in combination. The pharmacokinetics of both drugs were measured on day 8 of each treatment period. The peak concentration in plasma (
C
max
) and the time to reach
C
max
were obtained by inspection, and the area under curve (AUC) was calculated for indinavir and fluconazole for each treatment period in which the respective drugs were administered. There was a marginally (
P
= 0.08) statistically significant decrease in the AUC from 0 to 8 h (AUC
0–8
) for indinavir when it was administered with fluconazole. However, the magnitudes of the decreases in
C
max
and the concentration at 8 h postdosing (
C
8
) were not as great as the decrease in AUC
0–8
. Although the 90% confidence interval for the geometric mean ratio was within the hypothesized limits, the clinical significance is not clear. Indinavir coadministration with fluconazole had no statistically (
P
> 0.5) or clinically significant effect on the
C
max
and
C
8
of indinavir. Fluconazole coadministration with indinavir had no statistically or clinically significant effect on the pharmacokinetics of fluconazole. One patient was discontinued because of mild to moderate abdominal pain and diarrhea while on indinavir and fluconazole in combination. No serious adverse experience according to the results of laboratory tests was noted. Total bilirubin levels in serum were mildly increased in most patients treated with indinavir. This was not clinically significant and was not affected by the coadministration of fluconazole. Although the values of the pharmacokinetic parameters for indinavir decrease in the presence of fluconazole, indinavir and fluconazole can be administered concomitantly to HIV-infected patients without adjustment of the dose of either drug, and both drugs are generally well tolerated.
Side-leakage of face mask
Authors: Persson B. N. J. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Face masks are used to trap particles (or fluid drops) in a porous material (filter) in order to avoid or reduce the transfer of particles between the human lungs (or mouth and nose) and the external environment. The air exchange between the lungs and the environment is assumed to occur through the face mask filter. However, if the resistance to air flow through the filter is high some air (and accompanied particles) will leak through the filter-skin interface. In this paper I will present a model study of the side-leakage problem.

Graphicabstract
Using phase dynamics to study partial synchrony: three examples
Authors: Teichmann Erik 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPartial synchronous states appear between full synchrony and asynchrony and exhibit many interesting properties. Most frequently, these states are studied within the framework of phase approximation. The latter is used ubiquitously to analyze coupled oscillatory systems. Typically, the phase dynamics description is obtained in the weak coupling limit, i.e., in the first-order in the coupling strength. The extension beyond the first-order represents an unsolved problem and is an active area of research. In this paper, three partially synchronous states are investigated and presented in order of increasing complexity. First, the usage of the phase response curve for the description of macroscopic oscillators is analyzed. To achieve this, the response of the mean-field oscillations in a model of all-to-all coupled limit-cycle oscillators to pulse stimulation is measured. The next part treats a two-group Kuramoto model, where the interaction of one attractive and one repulsive group results in an interesting solitary state, situated between full synchrony and self-consistent partial synchrony. In the last part, the phase dynamics of a relatively simple system of three Stuart-Landau oscillators are extended beyond the weak coupling limit. The resulting model contains triplet terms in the high-order phase approximation, though the structural connections are only pairwise. Finally, the scaling of the new terms with the coupling is analyzed.
Investigation on an Nflation phase diagram with multifield polynomial potential
Authors: Mughal Muhammad Zahid , Ahmad Iftikhar 
Published: June 2021

This study aims to investigate an Nflationary phase diagram with a multifield polynomial potential. The gradual vanishing of the inflationary phase during slow roll phase of the Nflation model has been demonstrated for a large number of fields in the case when there are voluminous [Formula: see text] phase transitions occurring in it. A phase diagram for Nflation model illustrates its phase transitions for a multifield potential [Formula: see text]. We use Marčenko–Pastur law to find likely distribution of different mass-scales of the fields. Further, the study for the conditions of entropy is carried out in the form of a bound that conforms to the number of e-folds [Formula: see text] and the number of fields [Formula: see text]. These drive Nflationary phase and are mostly responsible for the phenomena taking place in it. We investigate in addition, that all the de Sitter entropy in the neighborhood of the critical point is concentrated around it and is largely condensed in the number of fields [Formula: see text] for the selected potential.
Design and Analysis of Configurable Ring Oscillators for True Random Number Generation Based on Coherent Sampling
Authors: Peetermans Adriaan , Rožić Vladimir , Verbauwhede Ingrid 
Published: June 2021

True Random Number Generators (TRNGs) are indispensable in modern cryptosystems. Unfortunately, to guarantee high entropy of the generated numbers, many TRNG designs require a complex implementation procedure, often involving manual placement and routing. In this work, we introduce, analyse, and compare three dynamic calibration mechanisms for the COherent Sampling ring Oscillator based TRNG:
GateVar
,
WireVar
, and
LUTVar
, enabling easy integration of the entropy source into complex systems. The TRNG setup procedure automatically selects a configuration that guarantees the security requirements. In the experiments, we show that two out of the three proposed mechanisms are capable of assuring correct TRNG operation even when an automatic placement is carried out and when the design is ported to another
Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)
family. We generated random bits on both a
Xilinx Spartan 7
and a
Microsemi SmartFusion2
implementation that, without post processing, passed the AIS-31 statistical tests at a throughput of 4.65 Mbit/s and 1.47 Mbit/s, respectively.
Efeito da ordem dos exercícios no treinamento de força sobre a pressão arterial pós esforço em idosas hipertensas
Authors: Cardozo Diogo , Vasconcelos Ana Paula , Figueiredo Tiago , Simão Roberto 
Published: June 2021

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o efeito de diferentes ordens de exercícios sobre a pressão arterial (PA) após sessões de treinamento de força (TF). Quinze idosas hipertensas inexperientes em TF foram divididas em dois grupos. Grupo de membros superiores (G1) e grupo membros inferiores (G2). O G1 realizou três séries de 15 repetições submáximas na sequência de exercícios: Supino Reto (SR), Remada Fechada (RF), Tríceps no Puxador (TP) e Rosca Bíceps (RB). A segunda sequência do G1 foi inversa (RB, TP, RF, SR). O G2 realizou quatro séries de 15 repetições submáximas na sequência de exercícios: Leg Press (LP), Cadeira Extensora (CE) e Flexão Plantar (FP). A segunda sequência do G2 foi inversa FP, CE, LP. A PA foi mensurada em repouso e após as sessões de exercícios durante 60 minutos. Para análise dos dados, utilizou-se uma ANOVA de dois caminhos com medidas repetidas e post hoc de Tukey para verificar as diferenças na PA antes e após as sessões de treinamento. Ambos os grupos apresentaram reduções significativas na PA sistólica pós-exercício com a sequência de exercícios do grande para o pequeno grupo muscular G1 (20, 30 e 40 min) e G2 (30, 40, 50 e 60 min). Quando a sequência foi inversa, foram observadas diferenças significativas emalguns momentos G1 (30 e 40 min) e G2 (40 e 50 min). Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os grupos e também para a PA diastólica em qualquer sequência. Os resultados indicam que quando a sequência de exercícios é iniciada do grande para o pequeno grupo muscular, há uma tendência para maior duração do efeito hipotensivo.