bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What gets measured gets noticed. Tracking surgical site infection post caesarean section through community surveillance: A post intervention study protocol
Authors: Ohr Se Ok , Giles Michelle , Munnoch Sally , Hunter Mandy , Bolte Michelle , Ferguson John , Deane Jeffrey , Cashman Patrick , Foureur Maralyn 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimThis study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of HealthTracker, a surgical site infection surveillance system that aims to improve the notification of surgical site infection for women after giving birth by caesarean section.DesignThis protocol is an intervention study to evaluate the effectiveness of the surveillance system called “HealthTracker” in monitoring surgical site infections post caesarean section.MethodsThis study will use a mobile web application to automatically send a text message inviting all women who give birth to a live baby by caesarean section over six months during 2020–2021, at an Australian tertiary referral hospital. The text message invites women to complete a web‐based validated Wound Healing Questionnaire. The estimated number of eligible women in six months is 700 (caesarean section rate: 34% of 4,000 births annually). Intervention: the proposed “HealthTracker” surveillance system facilitates active patient‐reported surgical site infection identification through an automated mobile text message linking women to an individualized online Wound Healing Questionnaire.DiscussionThis project aims to provide a consistent, reliable and cost effective surgical site infection surveillance tool to improve post caesarean section surgical site infection reporting, can be scaled for broader utilization and will provide valuable information to decision makers regarding surgical site infection prevention.ImpactStudy findings will provide insights into whether HealthTracker is an efficient and cost effective platform for a systematic and consistent approach to surgical site infection surveillance that can be adopted more broadly, across the local health organization, the State and across other surgical specialty areas. This information will equip hospitals and clinicians with knowledge to better identify patient outcomes related to SSI post discharge from hospital and inform decision making related to preventative strategies, providing the necessary momentum to introduce practice change initiatives aimed at reducing surgical site infection rates.Trial Registration: ACTRN12620001233910.
Blood pressure and long‐term subclinical cardiovascular outcomes in low‐risk young adults: Insights from Hanzhong adolescent hypertension cohort
Authors: Yan Yu , Ma Qiong , Liao Yueyuan , Chen Chen , Hu Jiawen , Zheng Wenling , Chu Chao , Wang Keke , Sun Yue , Zou Ting , Wang Yang , Mu Jianjun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractStage 1 hypertension, newly defined by the 2017 American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA) hypertension guideline, has been the subject of significant interest globally. This study aims to assess the impact of the new blood pressure (BP) stratum on subsequent subclinical cardiovascular outcomes in low‐risk young adults. This longitudinal study consisted of 1020 young adults (47.7% female; ages 18–23 years) free of cardiovascular disease from the Hanzhong Adolescent Hypertension Cohort with up to 25‐year follow‐up since 1992–1995. Outcomes were available through June 2017. Young adults with stage 1 hypertension accounted for 23.7% of the cohort. When it comes to middle adulthood, subjects with early life stage 1 hypertension were more likely to experience BP progression, and they had a 1.61‐fold increased risk of high‐risk brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and a 2.92‐fold risk of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) comparing with their normotensive counterparts. Among participants without any active treatment in midlife, the risk associated with stage 1 hypertension for BP progression was 2.25 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.41–3.59), high‐risk baPWV was 1.58 (95% CI = 1.09–2.79), LVH was 2.75 (95% CI = 1.16–6.48), and subclinical renal damage (SRD) was 1.69 (95% CI = 1.02–2.82) compared with the normal BP group. Overall, young adults with stage 1 hypertension had significantly higher risks for midlife subclinical cardiovascular outcomes than normotensive subjects. BP management targeting low‐risk young adults is of importance from both clinical and public health perspectives.
Sertoli cell‐derived exosomal MicroRNA‐486‐5p regulates differentiation of spermatogonial stem cell through PTEN in mice
Authors: Li Quan , Li Hanhao , Liang Jinlian , Mei Jiaxin , Cao Zhen , Zhang Lei , Luo Jiao , Tang Yan , Huang Rufei , Xia Huan , Zhang Qihao , Xiang Qi , Yang Yan , Huang Yadong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSelf‐renewal and differentiation of spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) are critical for male fertility and reproduction, both of which are highly regulated by testicular microenvironment. Exosomal miRNAs have emerged as new components in intercellular communication. However, their roles in the differentiation of SSC remain unclear. Here, we observed miR‐486‐5p enriched in Sertoli cell and Sertoli cell‐derived exosomes. The exosomes mediate the transfer of miR‐486‐5p from Sertoli cells to SSCs. Exosomes release miR‐486‐5p, thus up‐regulate expression of Stra8 (stimulated by retinoic acid 8) and promote differentiation of SSC. And PTEN was identified as a target of miR‐486‐5p. Overexpression of miR‐486‐5p in SSCs down‐regulates PTEN expression, which up‐regulates the expression of STRA8 and SYCP3, promotes SSCs differentiation. In addition, blocking the exosome‐mediated transfer of miR‐486‐5p inhibits differentiation of SSC. Our findings demonstrate that miR‐486‐5p acts as a communication molecule between Sertoli cells and SSCs in modulating differentiation of SSCs. This provides a new insight on molecular mechanisms that regulates SSC differentiation and a basis for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of male infertility.
1ɑ,25‐Dihydroxyvitamin D3 promotes osteogenesis by down‐regulating FGF23 in diabetic mice
Authors: Luo Wenqiong , Jiang Yixuan , Yi Zumu , Wu Yingying , Gong Ping , Xiong Yi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract1ɑ,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D) and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) play important roles in bone metabolism through mutual regulation. However, the underlying mechanism between 1,25D and FGF23 in diabetes‐induced bone metabolism disorders has not yet been elucidated. In this study, we investigated the effect of 1,25D on FGF23 under diabetic condition both in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that 1,25D down‐regulated the expression of FGF23 in osteoblast significantly though a dose‐dependent manner in vitro within high glucose environment. Western blot and immunofluorescence analysis indicated that 1,25D activated PI3K/Akt signalling through binding to vitamin D receptor (VDR), which inhibited the phosphorylation of the transcription factor Forkhead Box O1 (FOXO1). Decreased phosphorylation of FOXO1 down‐regulated the expression Dickkopf‐1 (DKK1), a well‐known inhibitor of Wnt signalling. In addition, we observed that 1,25D remarkably ameliorated osteogenic phenotypic markers such as Ocn and Runx2 and rescued diabetes‐induced bone loss in vivo. Our results suggested that 1,25D could promote osteogenesis though down‐regulating FOXO1/FGF23 in diabetes.
STAT1 is a key gene in a gene regulatory network related to immune phenotypes in bladder cancer: An integrative analysis of multi‐omics data
Authors: Weng Hong , Yuan Shuai , Huang Qiao , Zeng Xian‐Tao , Wang Xing‐Huan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe immunophenotype of bladder cancer plays a pivotal role in the prognosis of cancer, but the effect of different epigenetic factors on different immunophenotypes in bladder tumours remains unclear. This study used multi‐omics data analysis to provide molecular basis support for different immune phenotypes. Unsupervised cluster analysis revealed distinct subclusters with higher (subcluster B2) or lower cytotoxic immune phenotypes (subcluster A1) related to PD‐L1 and IFNG expression. Mutational landscape analyses showed that the mutation level of TP53 in subcluster B1 was highest than other subclusters, and subcluster B1 had a lower frequency of concurrent mutation than subcluster A2. A total of 2364 differentially expressed genes were identified between subclusters A2 and B1, and the main functions of the up‐regulated genes in subcluster B1 were enriched in the activation of T cells and other related pathways. We found that STAT1 was a key gene in a gene regulatory network related to immune phenotypes in bladder cancer. Finally, we constructed a prognostic prediction model by LASSO Cox regression which could distinguish high‐risk and low‐risk cases significantly. In conclusion, the present study addressed a field synopsis between genetic and epigenetic events in immune phenotypes of bladder cancer.
Serum Helicobacter pylori antibody reactivity in seven Asian countries using an automated latex aggregation turbidity assay
Authors: Akada Junko , Tshibangu‐Kabamba Evariste , Tuan Vo Phuoc , Kurogi Shusaku , Matsuo Yuichi , Ansari Shamshul , Doohan Dalla , Phuc Bui Hoang , Subsomwong Phawinee , Waskito Langgeng Agung , Binh Tran Thanh , Nguyen Lam Tung , Khien Vu Van , Dung Ho Dang Quy , Miftahussurur Muhammad , Syam Ari Fahrial , Tshering Lotay , Vilaichone Ratha‐korn , Mahachai Varocha , Ratanachu‐ek Thawee , Shrestha Pradeep Krishna , Yee Than Than , Htet Kyaw , Aftab Hafeza , Matsuhisa Takeshi , Uchida Tomohisa , Okimoto Tadayoshi , Mizukami Kazuhiro , Kodama Masaaki , Murakami Kazunari , Takahashi Naohiko , Yamaoka Yoshio 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground and AimTo determine the application range of diagnostic kits utilizing anti‐Helicobacter pylori antibody, we tested a newly developed latex aggregation turbidity assay (latex) and a conventional enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (E‐plate), both containing Japanese H. pylori protein lysates as antigens, using sera from seven Asian countries.MethodsSerum samples (1797) were obtained, and standard H. pylori infection status and atrophy status were determined by culture and histology (immunohistochemistry) using gastric biopsy samples from the same individuals. The two tests (enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and latex) were applied, and receiver operating characteristics analysis was performed.ResultsArea under the curve (AUC) from the receiver operating characteristic of E‐plate and latex curves were almost the same and the highest in Vietnam. The latex AUC was slightly lower than the E‐plate AUC in other countries, and the difference became statistically significant in Myanmar and then Bangladesh as the lowest. To consider past infection cases, atrophy was additionally evaluated. Most of the AUCs decreased using this atrophy‐evaluated status; however, the difference between the two kits was not significant in each country, but the latex AUC was better using all samples. Practical cut‐off values were 3.0 U/mL in the E‐test and 3.5 U/mL in the latex test, to avoid missing gastric cancer patients to the greatest extent possible.ConclusionsThe kits were applicable in all countries, but new kits using regional H. pylori strains are recommended for Myanmar and Bangladesh. Use of a cut‐off value lower than the best cut‐off value is essential for screening gastric cancer patients.
Networked lives
Authors: Vacchiano Mattia , Spini Dario 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSocial network analysis has grown tremendously across a wide range of disciplines and is now regarded as a road‐map in strengthening links with the life‐course perspective. ‘Linked lives’ is often cited as a key principle of life‐course theory, but there is still much to be learned about the significance of these links for the life course. Network theory refines our understanding of the properties of these links, their emergence as structures in daily life, and the mechanisms underlying the inequalities that arise from social relationships. This paper clarifies why networks can be conceptualised as meso‐level structures that bridge the micro‐macro gap. It thus addresses four processes of particular interest for the integration of life‐course and network research: (a) the problem of tie formation; (b) the activation of ties as social capital; (c) their resilience through segments of a life course; and finally, (d) the problem of their loss. In so doing, we highlight innovative approaches for each of these issues in order to propose a research agenda we call ‘Networked Lives’, which emphasises promising avenues for advancing the integration of these two important fields in the social sciences.
Soybean anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum species: Current status and future prospects
Authors: Boufleur Thais R. , Ciampi‐Guillardi Maisa , Tikami Ísis , Rogério Flávia , Thon Michael R. , Sukno Serenella A. , Massola Júnior Nelson S. , Baroncelli Riccardo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSoybean (Glycine max) is one of the most important cultivated plants worldwide as a source of protein‐rich foods and animal feeds. Anthracnose, caused by different lineages of the hemibiotrophic fungus Colletotrichum, is one of the main limiting factors to soybean production. Losses due to anthracnose have been neglected, but their impact may threaten up to 50% of the grain production.TaxonomyWhile C. truncatum is considered the main species associated with soybean anthracnose, recently other species have been reported as pathogenic on this host. Until now, it has not been clear whether the association of new Colletotrichum species with the disease is related to emerging species or whether it is due to the undergoing changes in the taxonomy of the genus.Disease symptomsTypical anthracnose symptoms are pre‐ and postemergence damping‐off; dark, depressed, and irregular spots on cotyledons, stems, petioles, and pods; and necrotic laminar veins on leaves that can result in premature defoliation. Symptoms may evolve to pod rot, immature opening of pods, and premature germination of grains.ChallengesAs accurate species identification of the causal agent is decisive for disease control and prevention, in this work we review the taxonomic designation of Colletotrichum isolated from soybean to understand which lineages are pathogenic on this host. We also present a comprehensive literature review of soybean anthracnose, focusing on distribution, symptomatology, epidemiology, disease management, identification, and diagnosis. We consider the knowledge emerging from population studies and comparative genomics of Colletotrichum spp. associated with soybean providing future perspectives in the identification of molecular factors involved in the pathogenicity process.Useful websiteUpdates on Colletotrichum can be found at http://www.colletotrichum.org/.All available Colletotrichum genomes on GenBank can be viewed at http://www.colletotrichum.org/genomics/.
UK food and nutrition security during and after the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Rivington M. , King R. , Duckett D. , Iannetta P. , Benton T. G. , Burgess P.J. , Hawes C. , Wellesley L. , Polhill J. G. , Aitkenhead M. , Lozada‐Ellison L.‐M. , Begg G. , Williams A. G. , Newton A. , Lorenzo‐Arribas A. , Neilson R. , Watts C. , Harris J. , Loades K. , Stewart D. , Wardell‐Johnson D. , Gandossi G. , Udugbezi E. , Hannam J.A. , Keay C. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic is a major shock to society in terms of health and economy that is affecting both UK and global food and nutrition security. It is adding to the ‘perfect storm’ of threats to society from climate change, biodiversity loss and ecosystem degradation, at a time of considerable change, rising nationalism and breakdown in international collaboration. In the UK, the situation is further complicated due to Brexit. The UK COVID‐19 Food and Nutrition Security project, lasting one year, is funded by the Economic and Social Research Council and is assessing the ongoing impact of COVID‐19 on the four pillars of food and nutrition security: access, availability, utilisation and stability. It examines the food system, how it is responding, and potential knock on effects on the UK’s food and nutrition security, both in terms of the cascading risks from the pandemic and other threats. The study provides an opportunity to place the initial lessons being learnt from the on‐going responses to the pandemic in respect of food and nutrition security in the context of other long‐term challenges such as climate change and biodiversity loss.
Effect of plantation of genetically modified trees on the control of atmospheric carbon dioxide: A modeling study
Authors: Verma Maitri , Verma Alok Kumar 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe increase in carbon dioxide (CO2) gas concentration in the atmosphere is primarily responsible for the threat of global warming. Forest is one of the prime sinks of CO2. The reduction in the global forest cover due to human activities has contributed significantly to the increase in CO2 levels. Reforestation and afforestation are avenues to control the atmospheric CO2 level; however, several demographic, ecological, and economic constraints exist in the large‐scale plantations. In this scenario, the plantation of genetically modified trees, which absorb more CO2 from the atmosphere, may aid in attaining the CO2 mitigation target. In this study, a mathematical model is proposed to investigate the effect of the plantation of genetically modified trees on the control of the atmospheric CO2 level. A comprehensive qualitative analysis of the model is carried out. The model is calibrated to fit the actual data of global CO2 concentration, population, and forest area. Numerical simulations are carried out to show the effect of key parameters on the dynamics of forest cover and atmospheric CO2 gas. The optimal strategies for the reduction in CO2 concentration while minimizing the implementation cost of plantation programs are also investigated by proposing the optimal control problem.Recommendations for Resource Managers

The enhanced concentration of is primarily responsible for anthropogenic global warming. Declination in global forest cover is contributing to the increase in the concentration.
Plantation of trees is an avenue to combat global warming by reducing the atmospheric level. However, plantation activities are constrained by land availability and other constraints. In this scenario, the use of genetically modified trees may aid in achieving mitigation targets.
Forest plantation using genetically modified trees brings more reduction in concentration in comparison to when planted trees are not genetically modified.
The forest management policies should focus on the development and plantation of genetically modified trees having more sequestration capacity, so that the carbon stock per unit forest area can be increased. Such policies are also found to be helpful in attaining the target reduction in concentration under economic constraints.
Land use optimization through bridging multiobjective optimization and multicriteria decision‐making models (case study: Tilabad Watershed, Golestan Province, Iran)
Authors: Sheikh Vahedberdi , Salmani Hossein , Salman Mahiny Abdolrassoul , Ownegh Majid , Fathabadi Abolhasan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study aims to present an efficient methodology for land use optimization based on minimization of runoff and sediment and maximization of economic benefits, occupational opportunities, and land use suitability in the Tilabad watershed in northeast of Iran. The land use map of the area was prepared using the Landsat satellite images and field surveys. The amounts of runoff and sediment were estimated via SWAT model. The TOPSIS multicriteria decision‐making (MCDM) approach was applied on the results of the multiobjective optimization (MOO) based on non‐dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA II) to choose the final optimal solution among the Pareto solutions front generated by MOO. The results indicated that the area of agriculture and rangelands should decrease, and the area of forests should increase to achieve the defined objectives. Overall, results indicated that integration of MOO and MCDM provides an efficient procedure for land use optimization in a complex watershed.Recommendations for Resource ManagersThe optimization of land use allocation across a complex watershed requires the combined application of several models and techniques to achieve a sustainable decision‐making process.By optimization of land use patterns according to the final solution, the surface runoff and sediment load of the watershed will decline, while the economic profit and land use suitability will improve.Despite using a maximization objective function, the land‐based job opportunities might decrease across a watershed by optimization of land use allocation, but this can be considered as an opportunity for provision of manpower to other socioeconomic sectors.
Enhancing cardiac arrest survival with extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation: insights into the process of death
Authors: Aufderheide Tom P. , Kalra Rajat , Kosmopoulos Marinos , Bartos Jason A. , Yannopoulos Demetris 
Published: February 2021

AbstractExtracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) is an emerging method of cardiopulmonary resuscitation to improve outcomes from cardiac arrest. This approach targets patients with out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest previously unresponsive and refractory to standard treatment, combining approximately 1 h of standard CPR followed by venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA‐ECMO) and coronary artery revascularization. Despite its relatively new emergence for the treatment of cardiac arrest, the approach is grounded in a vast body of preclinical and clinical data that demonstrate significantly improved survival and neurological outcomes despite unprecedented, prolonged periods of CPR. In this review, we detail the principles behind VA‐ECMO–facilitated resuscitation, contemporary clinical approaches with outcomes, and address the emerging new understanding of the process of death and capability for neurological recovery.