bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum neurofilament light chain as a surrogate of cognitive decline in sporadic and familial frontotemporal dementia
Authors: Silva‐Spínola Anuschka , Lima Marisa , Leitão Maria João , Durães João , Tábuas‐Pereira Miguel , Almeida Maria Rosário , Santana Isabel , Baldeiras Inês 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeNeurofilament light chain (NfL) has recently been proposed as a promising biomarker in frontotemporal dementia (FTD). We investigated the correlation of both cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum NfL with detailed neuropsychological data and cognitive decline in a cohort of sporadic and familial FTD.MethodsCSF and serum NfL, as well as conventional CSF Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers (Aβ42, t‐Tau, p‐Tau181), were determined in 63 FTD patients (30 sporadic‐FTD, 20 with progranulin (GRN) mutations [FTD‐GRN], 13 with chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 [C9orf72] expansions [C9orf72‐FTD]), 37 AD patients, and 31 neurologic controls. Serum NfL was also quantified in 37 healthy individuals. Correlations between baseline CSF and serum NfL levels, standardized neuropsychological tests, and the rate of cognitive decline in FTD patients were assessed.ResultsCSF and serum NfL presented with significantly higher levels in FTD than in AD patients and both control groups. Within FTD subtypes, genetic cases, and particularly FTD‐GRN, had higher CSF and serum NfL levels. Significant correlations between NfL levels and overall cognitive function, abstract reasoning (CSF and serum), executive functions, memory, and language (serum) were found. A relationship between increased baseline CSF and serum NfL and a decay in cognitive performance over time was also observed.ConclusionsOur findings highlight the potential of serum NfL as a useful surrogate end point of disease severity in upcoming targeted treatments.
Response surface methodology to tune artificial neural network hyper‐parameters
Authors: Bozkurt Keser Sinem , Buruk Sahin Yeliz 
Published: August 2021

AbstractArtificial neural network is a machine learning algorithm that has been widely used in many application areas. The performance of the algorithm depends on the type of the problem, the size of the problem, and the architecture of the algorithm. One of the most important things that affect ANN's performance is the selection of hyper‐parameters, but there is not a specific rule to determine the hyper‐parameters of the algorithm. Although there is no single well‐known method in hyper‐parameter tuning, this issue has been discussed in many studies. In this study, a central composite design which is a successful response surface methodology technique that considers factor interactions is used for hyper‐parameter optimization. A categorical central composite design that has 39 experimental runs was used to predict accuracy and F‐score. The effect of ANN hyper‐parameters on selected performance indicators is investigated using two different size customer churn prediction data set, which is widely used in the literature. Using the desirability functions, multiple objectives are combined and the best hyper‐parameter levels are selected. As a result of verification tests, the accuracy values are 85.79% and 83.29% for the first and second data set, respectively. And, the F‐score values are 86.15% and 82.33% for the first and second data set, respectively. The results show the effectiveness of the adopted RSM technique.
Counselling and education for prenatal screening and diagnostic tests for pregnant women: Randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yeşilçinar İlknur , Güvenç Gülten 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimThe aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of education and counselling on prenatal screening and diagnostic tests on pregnant women's decisional conflict, anxiety levels and attitudes towards the tests.BackgroundClinical practice guidelines recommend prenatal genetic counselling for pregnant women before participation in the tests.MethodsA total of 210 pregnant women participated in the study by completing the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory‐I, Decisional Conflict Scale, SURE Scale, Knowledge Assessment Forms, Decision Satisfaction Form and Attitudes Scale between June 2017 and March 2018. In the first stage, pregnant women were evaluated who had only prenatal genetic screening tests and in the second stage, pregnant women who had been recommended to receive diagnostic tests. The intervention group received face‐to‐face individual education and counselling about prenatal genetic tests. Independent samples t test, t tests and Pearson correlation tests were used.ResultsEducation and counselling for prenatal screening tests and diagnostic tests from the first weeks of pregnancy were effective in decreasing anxiety, decisional conflict, increasing attitudes towards tests and had positive effects on pregnant women's knowledge level and decision satisfaction (P < 0.005).ConclusionPrenatal genetic counselling and education are more effective if provided from the first weeks of pregnancy. Decreasing anxiety, decisional conflict and increasing knowledge levels of pregnant women are important to make informed decisions.
Motivation to move fast, motivation to wait and see: The association of prevention and promotion focus with clinicians’ implementation of the JNC‐7 hypertension treatment guidelines
Authors: Sanders Mechelle , Fiscella Kevin , Hill Elaine , Ogedegbe Olugbenga , Cassells Andrea , Tobin Jonathan N. , Williams Stephen , Veazie Peter 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRoughly half of the adults in the United States are diagnosed with hypertension (HTN). Unfortunately, less than one‐third have their condition under control. Clinicians generally have positive regard for the use of HTN guidelines to achieve HTN treatment goals; however, actual uptake remains low. Factors underpinning clinician variation in practice are poorly understood. To understand the relationship between clinicians’ personal motivation to complete goals and their uptake of the Joint National Commission's HTN guidelines. The authors used Regulatory Focus Theory (RFT, ie, prevention and promotion focus), an empirically supported motivational theory, as a guiding framework to examine the relationship. The authors hypothesized that clinicians with high prevention focus would report following guidelines more often and have shorter follow‐up visit intervals for patients with uncontrolled blood pressure. Clinicians (n  = 27) caring for adult patients diagnosed with HTN (n = 8605) in Federally Qualified Health Centers (n = 8). Clinicians’ prevention and promotion focus scores and the number of days between visits for their patients with uncontrolled systolic blood pressure (SBP) (≥ 140 mm Hg). Consistent with RFT, 60% of prevention focused clinicians reported they always followed the monthly visit guideline for the patients with uncontrolled blood pressure, compared with 38% of promotion focused clinicians (p = .254). The unadjusted probability of returning for a follow‐up visit within 30 days was greater among patients whose clinician was higher in prevention focus (p = .009), but there was no evidence at the 0.05 significance level in our adjusted model. These findings provide some limited evidence that RFT is a useful framework to understand clinician adherence to HTN treatment guidelines.
Parental criticism and adolescent internalising symptoms: using a Children‐of‐Twins design with power calculations to account for genetic influence
Authors: Ahmadzadeh Yasmin I. , Eley Thalia C. , Hannigan Laurie , Creswell Cathy , Lichtenstein Paul , Spotts Erica , Ganiban Jody , Neiderhiser Jenae , Rijsdijk Fruhling , McAdams Tom A. 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundParental criticism is correlated with internalising symptoms in adolescent offspring. This correlation could in part reflect their genetic relatedness, if the same genes influence behaviours in both parents and offspring. We use a Children‐of‐Twins design to assess whether parent‐reported criticism and offspring internalising symptoms remain associated after controlling for shared genes. To aid interpretation of our results and those of previous Children‐of‐Twins studies, we examine statistical power for the detection of genetic effects and explore the direction of possible causal effects between generations.MethodsData were drawn from two Swedish twin samples, comprising 876 adult twin pairs with adolescent offspring and 1,030 adolescent twin pairs with parents. Parent reports of criticism towards their offspring were collected concurrently with parent and offspring reports of adolescent internalising symptoms. Children‐of‐Twins structural equation models were used to control for genetic influence on the intergenerational association between parental criticism and adolescent internalising.ResultsParental criticism was associated with adolescent internalising symptoms after controlling for genetic influence. No significant role was found for shared genes influencing phenotypes in both generations, although power analyses suggested that some genetic effects may have gone undetected. Models could not distinguish directionality for nongenetic, causal effects between generations.ConclusionsParental criticism may be involved in psychosocial family processes in the context of adolescent internalising. Future studies should seek to identify these processes and provide clarity on the direction of potential causal effects.
Advance care planning clinic: A structured clinical experience for internal medicine residents
Authors: Coyle Andrew , Bhatia Sonica , Reyes Arnaldy Amy , Wang Katherine , Lindenberger Elizabeth C. , Fishman Mary 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundAdvance care planning (ACP) is an important step to provide medical care consistent with patients' preferences and values. Nationally, rates of ACP completion are low, and internal medicine residency clinics face additional barriers. To address this need, we implemented an ACP clinic for internal medicine residents.MethodsAn ACP clinical experience was created for PGY2 residents beginning in 2018, with 6 total sessions, consisting of consolidated didactics, protected time to identify, outreach, and schedule patients, and two half days of dedicated ACP visits. Residents were surveyed before (end of PGY1) and after (end of PGY2) the intervention. The preceding residency class, serving as a historic control, only received the curriculum and were surveyed at the end of their PGY2 year. Electronic medical record (EMR) data was accessed to track ACP documentation.ResultsThe overall survey response rate was 124/134 (93%). Comparing the intervention cohort before and after the intervention, there was a significant increase in self‐assessed confidence in completing ACP (2.1/4.0 vs 3.5/4.0, p < 0.01). Comparing the intervention and historic cohorts (end of PGY2), the intervention was associated with improved confidence in ability to complete ACP for their patients (3.5/4.0 vs 2.7/4.0, p < 0.01). The historic control had no increase in ACP documentation rates over time, while the intervention cohort had a 13.9% absolute increase in ACP documentation for their patients over the course of residency (p < 0.01).ConclusionThe creation of an ACP‐specific clinical experience, in conjunction with existing curricula, resulted in significant improvements in knowledge, self‐assessed skills and behavior, and EMR documentation.
Primate veterinarians' knowledge and attitudes regarding pain in macaques
Authors: Miyabe‐Nishiwaki Takako , Gris Vanessa Nadine , Muta Kanako , Nishimura Ryohei , Mills Daniel Simon 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundAssessment of pain in macaques is challenging. The aims of this study were (1) to investigate current knowledge and attitudes of primate veterinarians concerning acute pain in macaques; (2) to synthesise current knowledge and opinion to facilitate pain assessment. A primary question of interest was whether more confident individuals differ in their knowledge and attitudes from less‐confident individuals.MethodsAn online survey was conducted amongst primate veterinarians serving both laboratories and zoos/sanctuaries. The questionnaire consisted of demographic information, attitudes towards pain, pain rating and analgesics, pain recognition and confidence in recognising pain and sources of information used.Results and ConclusionsThere was generally good use of analgesia by respondents. More confident individuals reported that they recognise pain both behaviourally and in facial expressions, rated all pain signs more highly and used more analgesics. Specialist support networks aimed at increasing veterinarian confidence in macaque pain assessment could be beneficial.
Treatment of effluents from marine shrimp culture with biofloc technology: Production of Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis (cyanobacteria) and nutrient removal
Authors: Holanda Mariana , Besold Camila , Sempere Ferran Llario , Abreu Paulo César , Poersch Luis 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe aim of the current study was to evaluate the growth of Arthrospira platensis in the effluent of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaues vannamei grown in biofloc systems. In the first experiment, A. platensis grew for 12 days in different dilutions (100, 10, 1%) of effluent and in the fertilizer medium in order to determine ideal dilution for the growth of the microalgae in the effluent. At the end of the experiment, the biofloc 100% treatment showed a significantly higher cell density than the fertilizer medium treatment. A second experiment, which lasted for 20 days, was conducted in order to evaluate the growth and bioremediation potential in treatments without total suspended solids, which were removed by decantation, and untreated effluent. The final biomass in the biofloc treatment was 0.50 ± 0.59 g/L and 0.18 ± 0.14 g/L in the biofloc decanted treatment. Both treatments removed 90% of phosphate from the effluent. Nitrate values oscillated throughout the experiment. Thus, it is possible to affirm that the cultivation of A. platensis can be used as a tool to reduce the nitrogen and phosphate loads in the effluent of L. vannamei raised in biofloc systems.
Deception by topic choice: How discussion can mislead without falsehood
Authors: Cross Ben 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis article explains and defends a novel idea about how people can be misled by a discussion topic, even if the discussion itself does not explicitly involve the making of false claims. The crucial aspect of this idea is that people are liable to infer, from the fact that a particular topic is being discussed, that this topic is important. As a result, they may then be led to accept certain beliefs about the state of the world they consider necessary for the topic’s importance. What the article calls “importance misrepresentation” occurs when these beliefs about the state of the world are false or otherwise mistaken. The article explores different ways in which importance misrepresentation can occur, and it uses this idea to help clarify and strengthen some well‐known criticisms of the topic choices of academic philosophers.
Rapid adjustment in epidermal UV sunscreen: Comparison of optical measurement techniques and response to changing solar UV radiation conditions
Authors: Neugart Susanne , Tobler Mark A. , Barnes Paul W. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe accumulation of soluble and cell‐wall bound UV‐absorbing compounds (i.e., flavonoids) in the epidermis and the mesophyll of leaves is a response of plants to UV exposure. These compounds are known to function in UV screening, but they are also of potential value for food quality. One way to non‐destructively monitor UV screening in leaves is by optical methods, from which UVA‐PAM and Dualex instruments stand out. The degree and rapidity to which plants can modulate UV screening in response to fluctuating solar UV conditions is poorly understood. In this study, okra plants were exposed to two solar radiation treatments (near‐ambient UV [+UV] and attenuated UV [−UV]) and the epidermal UV transmittance (TUV; UVA‐PAM) and flavonoid index (Dualex) were measured in the youngest and second youngest mature leaves over three consecutive days and within an individual day. The day‐to‐day (measured near solar noon) and diurnal (over the course of a day) measurements of leaf optical properties indicated that TUV decreased and flavonoid index increased in the adaxial epidermis ~50% until 15:00 CDT then returned close to morning values later in the day. Correlations between UV‐B radiation and TUV and flavonoid index revealed highest values 30 min to 1 h prior to the measurements. These findings indicate that plants can respond quickly to fluctuating solar UV conditions and underlines the importance of the harvest‐time point for health‐promoting compounds in fruit and vegetables. Our findings also indicate that the UVA‐PAM and the Dualex instruments are both suitable instruments to monitor rapid changes in UV screening in plants.
Access to Justice: Dynamic, Foundational, and Generative
Authors: Palombella Gianluigi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAccess to justice reveals its contours through, and is best understood for, its dynamic nature. Conceptually, it shows a number of peculiar oscillations within couplets of opposites, like rights and structure, autonomous and derivative right, and substance and procedure. What does make for its foundational nature, and how does the latter differ from and coexist with access as a fundamental right? It belongs to the requirements of the rule of law and plays a foundational role towards legality, beyond being counted among the most fundamental rights. Despite its apparent procedural character, it has a substantive value, as well as a peculiar “generative” function. The article enquires into these conceptual features by looking at the ways through which access to justice is provided in the main European and international legal documents, as well as at its progress under judicial interpretation.
Overcoming Judicial Supremacy through Constitutional Amendment: Some Critical Reflections*
Authors: De La Torre Mariano C. Melero 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper critically examines the proposal to overcome the judicial definition of fundamental rights by using constitutional amendment procedures. Authors known as “political constitutionalists” have advocated weak‐form judicial review as an alternative to the constitutional practice currently prevailing in liberal democracies. The proposal under consideration here seeks to achieve this alternative by making constitutional amendment as easy as possible, i.e., through minimal constitutional rigidity. The discussion begins by questioning the idea of adopting institutional design as a suitable criterion for rating a judicial review system as “strong” or “weak.” Then the alleged relevance of constitutional amendment in the specification of constitutional rights is called into question. Lastly, the paper reaches a double conclusion. On the one hand, minimal constitutional rigidity is not an alternative to prevailing constitutional practice, but a more collaborative version of the same practice; on the other hand, minimal constitutional rigidity only represents a genuine alternative design when it is part of a model (“strong popular sovereignty”) aimed at overcoming the current constitutionalist paradigm.
A longitudinal study examining the associations of bullying victimization and suicidal ideation among sexual minority adolescents
Authors: De Luca Susan M. , Caramanis Christina , Zhang Anao 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionRoughly one‐third of sexual minority adolescents (SMA) report at least one lifetime suicide attempt. Supportive connections are protective for ideation, yet little is known about this association with SMA—especially longitudinally.MethodsFive‐step logistic regressions examined the associations of bullying, SMA, and ideation, and also how connectedness mediates this from age 9 and 15 (Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study; N = 3,023 adolescents).ResultsAt age 9, SMA reported higher levels of daily bullying compared with heterosexual peers (26% versus 14%), and at age 15, SMA reported daily (7%) and weekly (20%) bullying. SMA (32%) reported ideation compared with their heterosexual peers (13%) at age 15. Parental and school connectedness protected adolescents regardless of sexual orientation for SI, but parental attachment buffered the effect of SMA ideation more than school connectedness.ConclusionImpressing upon schools to be mindful of bullying on their campuses, especially of SMA, is crucial for suicide prevention as we found heterosexual students connected to their school were protected from ideation, yet this was not found for SMA. Strong parent–child bonds can mediate the effects of bullying while at school, speaking to the importance of having at least one trusted adult in an adolescent's life.
Simulation interprofessional education in health professions education: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Lemke Kelly C. , Velasquez Sadie Trammell , Bland Leticia , Lopez Emme , Ajtai Rebecca , Ford Lark A. , Amezaga Braulio , Cleveland James A. , Ferguson Diane , Richardson Wesley , Saenz Daniel , Zorek Joseph A. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of this scoping review is to identify, collate, and map the evidence on simulation interprofessional education activities in any setting for the education of health professional students.

Introduction:
Simulation interprofessional education activities comprise in-person and collaborative online learning embedded in formal curricula. Though the number of simulation interprofessional education activities has increased with the knowledge of the importance of effective interprofessional collaboration, the literature still lacks a description of the characteristics of existing activities.

Inclusion criteria:
This scoping review will consider interprofessional education activities taking place within a simulation environment. Included papers will report on activities with two or more types of learners in health professional programs.

Methods:
The proposed scoping review will be conducted in accordance with the JBI methodology for scoping reviews. Databases searched will include PubMed, CINAHL, and ERIC. Results will be limited to English-language publications from 2016 to the present year. Data extraction will be performed using a purposefully developed data extraction tool. Teams of reviewers will screen abstracts and full texts of articles for potential inclusion, and decisions will be determined via consensus of two out of three reviewers. Extracted data will be presented in diagrammatic or tabular form in a manner that aligns with the objective of this scoping review. A narrative summary will accompany the tabulated and/or charted results and will describe how the results relate to the review's objective and questions, and how the results might inform future simulation interprofessional education activities in health professions education.