bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of powerful shock and detonation waves to study extreme states of matter*
Authors: Al’tshuler L V , Il’kaev R I , Fortov V E 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article is written on the basis of a report given 10 January 2003 at the International Scientific Conference, The Nuclear Age: Science and Society, dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the birth of Igor’Vasil’evich Kurchatov. It presents the results of work on the experimental study of substance properties under high pressure shock waves, briefly describes the use of super-strong magnetic fields for the study of substances at high pressure, presents the results of computational and theoretical research methods, and presents some results of studies of substance properties using liner systems in high-power pulsed electrophysical facilities (VNIIEF disk explosion-magnetic generators and USA Pegasus and ATLAS capacitor banks).
V E Fortov and dynamic methods in nonideal plasma physics. Chernogolovka
Authors: Mintsev V B , Gryaznov V K 
Published: October 2021

AbstractVladimir Evgen’evich Fortov made an enormous contribution to the physics of extreme states of matter, high energy density physics, the physics of shock and detonation waves, thermal physics, chemical physics, energetics, and several other realms of physics and technology. Among this amazingly broad spectrum of V E Fortov’s scientific interests, special place is occupied by dynamic methods in the physics of nonideal plasmas. His scientific activity commenced in precisely this area, and it remained at the focus of his attention throughout his life. We have endeavored to briefly generalize V E Fortov’s investigations in the area of explosion-produced nonideal plasmas and reveal the logic of their origination.
Case Report: An Unusual Case of Acute Lower Limb Ischemia as Precursor of the Asherson's Syndrome
Authors: Pasqui Edoardo , Camarri Silvia , de Donato Gianmarco , Gonnelli Stefano , Palasciano Giancarlo , Gennari Luigi 
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Asherson's Syndrome, also defined as Catastrophic Antiphospholipid Syndrome (CAPS), represents the most severe manifestation of Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome. Rarely, the first CAPS diagnosis is based on macro-thrombotic event as acute limb ischemia.Case Presentation: We present a case of a 65-year-old woman admitted with an acute lower limb arterial ischemia with a complete occlusion of all the three tibial vessels. Three endovascular recanalization procedures were performed contemporary to 48 h intraarterial thrombolysis administration. The patency of tibial arteries was restored with a near-complete absence of digital arteries and microvessel perfusion of the foot. In the following days, an aggressive foot gangrene was established, leading to a major lower-limb amputation. Due to the general clinical status worsening and aggressiveness of ischemic condition, further investigations were performed leading to the diagnosis of an aggressive Asherson's Syndrome that was also complicated by a severe heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Medical management with a high dose of intravenous steroids and nine sessions of plasma exchange led to a clinical condition stabilization.Conclusion: In our case, the presence of a “sine causa” acute arterial occlusion of a large vessel represented the first manifestation of an aggressive form of Asherson's Syndrome that could represent a fatal disease. Due to the extreme variety of manifestations, early clinical suspicion, diagnosis, and multidisciplinary management are essential to limit the life-threatening consequences of patients.
Prediction of Short-Term Mortality With Renal Replacement Therapy in Patients With Cardiac Surgery-Associated Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Han Huiyong , Wen Ziang , Wang Jianbo , Zhang Peng , Gong Qian , Ge Shenglin , Duan Jingsi 
Published: October 2021

Objective: We aimed to: (1) explore the risk factors that affect the prognosis of cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CS-AKI) in patients undergoing renal replacement therapy (RRT) and (2) investigate the predictive value of the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) III score, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, and Vasoactive-Inotropic Score (VIS) for mortality risk in patients undergoing RRT.Methods: Data from patients who underwent cardiac surgery from January 2015 through February 2021 were retrospectively reviewed to calculate the APACHE III score, SOFA score, and VIS on the first postoperative day and at the start of RRT. Various risk factors influencing the prognosis of the patients during treatment were evaluated; the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUCROC) was used to measure the predictive ability of the three scores. Independent risk factors influencing mortality were analyzed using multivariable binary logistic regression.Results: A total of 90 patients were included in the study, using 90-day survival as the end point. Of those patients, 36 patients survived, and 54 patients died; the mortality rate reached 60%. At the start of RRT, the AUCROC of the APACHE III score was 0.866 (95% CI: 0.795–0.937), the VIS was 0.796 (95% CI: 0.700–0.892), and the SOFA score was 0.732 (95% CI: 0.623–0.842). The AUCROC-value of the APACHE III score on the first postoperative day was 0.790 (95% CI: 0.694–0.885). After analyzing multiple factors, we obtained the final logistic regression model with five independent risk factors at the start of RRT: a high APACHE III score (OR: 1.228, 95% CI: 1.079–1.397), high VIS (OR: 1.147, 95% CI: 1.021–1.290), low mean arterial pressure (MAP) (OR: 1.170, 95% CI: 1.050–1.303), high lactate value (OR: 1.552, 95% CI: 1.032–2.333), and long time from AKI to initiation of RRT (OR: 1.014, 95% CI: 1.002–1.027).Conclusion: In this study, we showed that at the start of RRT, the APACHE III score and the VIS can accurately predict the risk of death in patients undergoing continuous RRT for CS-AKI. The APACHE III score on the first postoperative day allows early prediction of patient mortality risk. Predictors influencing patient mortality at the initiation of RRT were high APACHE III score, high VIS, low MAP, high lactate value, and long time from AKI to the start of RRT.
Association of Visceral Obesity-Related Indices With Coronary Collateralization in Patients With Chronic Total Occlusion
Authors: Shao Meng-Jiao , Luo Jun-yi , Shi Jia , Liu Fen , Shan Chun-fang , Luo Fan , Yu Xiao-lin , Zhao Qian , Tian Ting , Li Xiao-Mei , Yang Yi-ning 
Published: October 2021

Background: Obesity is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. We investigated whether and to what extent visceral obesity-related indices were associated with coronary collateralization (CC) in chronic total occlusion (CTO) patients.Methods: This retrospective cohort study involved 1,008 consecutive patients with CTO who underwent CTO-percutaneous coronary artery intervention (PCI). CC was graded according to the Rentrop scoring system. Data on demographic and clinical characteristics were collected by cardiovascular doctors. Logistic regression, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and Kaplan-Meier analyses were performed to assess the predictive value of visceral obesity-related indices for CC.Results: Overall, 1,008 inpatients were assigned to the poor CC group (n = 592) and good CC group (n = 416). In multivariate-adjusted logistic regression analyses, all visceral obesity-related indices (P-value &lt; 0.001) were significantly associated with CC. After ROC analysis and the Delong test, the Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI) had the largest area under the curve (AUC) of 0.741 (0.711–0.771). Further analysis revealed that CVAI quartile remained a risk factor for poor CC in all groups, CVAI was associated with a 1.018-fold higher risk of poor CC (OR = 1.018, 95% CI: 1.014–1.021, P &lt; 0.001). Individuals in the top CVAI quartile group had the highest risk of poor CC (OR = 10.657, 95% CI: 6.492–17.493, P &lt; 0.001). Subgroup analyses showed similar results, and CVAI quartile remained a risk factor for poor CC. Moreover, increased CVAI predicted poor prognosis in CTO patients.Conclusion: In summary, this study indicated that all the increased visceral obesity-related indices were significantly associated with increased poor CC risk. After adjusting for potential risks, CVAI had the best performance for estimating CC and predicting prognosis in CTO patients.
Student’s Perspectives on Augmented Reality in Pharmacy Education in Hong Kong
Authors: Li Joyce Tik Sze , Ng Enoch E Nok , Lee Vivian Wing Yan 
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Augmented reality (AR) technology has demonstrated potential on various areas of healthcare practice. Its role on medical education is starting to emerge. This study aimed to investigate students’ perspectives on using AR as learning tools in undergraduate pharmacy education.Methods: Four AR micro modules on post-stroke management and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were developed for third year undergraduate pharmacy students to study. Students played the role of pharmacists in the AR micro modules. They collected information to identify patient’s chief complaints, history, risk factors, comorbidities, and other problems, and provided recommendation on patient’s treatment plans. Teacher guided the discussions and addressed student’s enquiries. Student’s feedback was collected by pre- and post-intervention survey.Results: A total of 54 students participated in the current study. The was no significant change in students’ perceived knowledge on post-stroke management and COPD, as well as their confidence in providing patient counselling on relevant topics. Students expressed that their learning experience with AR was not positive. Technical problems were the major difficulties that students encountered.Conclusion: There was no significant difference in pharmacy students perceived clinical knowledge and confidence on patient’s counselling after completing the AR modules. Technical issues were the major hurdles that hindered student’s learning experience with AR.
Cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris in Membrane-Treated Industrial Distillery Wastewater: Growth and Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Li Feng , Amenorfenyo David Kwame , Zhang Yulei , Zhang Ning , Li Changling , Huang Xianghu 
Published: October 2021

The alcohol industry discharges large quantities of wastewater, which is hazardous and has a considerable pollution potential. Cultivating microalgae in wastewater is an alternative way of overcoming the current high cost of microalgae cultivation and an environmentally friendly treatment method for industrial effluents. The study analyzed the growth and biochemical composition of Chlorella vulgaris cultivated in membrane-treated distillery wastewater (MTDW) and nutrients removal efficiency. The results showed biomass productivity of 0.04 g L−1 d−1 for MTDW with the contents of content of protein, carbohydrate, and lipid at 49.6 ± 1.4%, 26.1 ± 0.6%, and 10.4 ± 1.8%, respectively. The removal efficiencies of TN, TP, and COD were 80, 94, and 72.24% in MTDW, respectively. In addition, removal efficiencies of 100, 85.37, and 42.86% for Ca2+, Mg2+, and Mo2− were achieved, respectively. The study added to our growing knowledge on the cultivation of Chlorella with wastewater, suggesting that it was feasible to cultivate Chlorella with MTDW and represented an economical and environmentally friendly strategy for microalgae biomass production and reuse of wastewater resources.
Placental Gene Co-expression Network for Maternal Plasma Lipids Revealed Enrichment of Inflammatory Response Pathways
Authors: Ouidir Marion , Chatterjee Suvo , Mendola Pauline , Zhang Cuilin , Grantz Katherine. L. , Tekola-Ayele Fasil 
Published: October 2021

Maternal dyslipidemia during pregnancy has been associated with suboptimal fetal growth and increased cardiometabolic diseasse risk in offspring. Altered placental function driven by placental gene expression is a hypothesized mechanism underlying these associations. We tested the relationship between maternal plasma lipid concentrations and placental gene expression. Among 64 pregnant women from the NICHD Fetal Growth Studies–Singleton cohort with maternal first trimester plasma lipids we extracted RNA-Seq on placental samples obtained at birth. Placental gene co-expression networks were validated by regulatory network analysis that integrated transcription factors and gene expression, and genome-wide transcriptome analysis. Network analysis detected 24 gene co-expression modules in placenta, of which one module was correlated with total cholesterol (r = 0.27, P-value = 0.03) and LDL-C (r = 0.31, P-value = 0.01). Genes in the module (n = 39 genes) were enriched in inflammatory response pathways. Out of the 39 genes in the module, three known lipid-related genes (MPO, PGLYRP1 and LTF) and MAGEC2 were validated by the regulatory network analysis, and one known lipid-related gene (ALX4) and two germ-cell development-related genes (MAGEC2 and LUZP4) were validated by genome-wide transcriptome analysis. Placental gene expression signatures associated with unfavorable maternal lipid concentrations may be potential pathways underlying later life offspring cardiometabolic traits.Clinical Trial Registration:ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT00912132.
Comparative Histological Subtyping of Immune Cell Infiltrates in MPO-ANCA and PR3-ANCA Glomerulonephritis
Authors: Hakroush Samy , Tampe Désirée , Ströbel Philipp , Korsten Peter , Tampe Björn 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and severe complication of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV), potentially leading to chronic kidney disease (CKD), end-stage renal disease (ESRD), or death. Pathogenic ANCAs, in particular proteinase 3 (PR3) and myeloperoxidase (MPO), trigger a deleterious immune response with intrarenal immune cell infiltration resulting in a pauci-immune necrotizing and crescentic glomerulonephritis (GN). However, a systematic analysis of intrarenal immune cell subtypes concerning neutrophils, eosinophils, plasma cells, and mononuclear cell infiltrates (macrophages, lymphocytes) in ANCA GN remains elusive. Therefore, we aimed to compare distinct immune cell infiltrates in association with clinicopathological findings in ANCA GN.MethodsA total of 53 kidney biopsies with ANCA GN at the University Medical Center Göttingen were retrospectively analyzed. Histological infiltrates of neutrophils, eosinophils, plasma cells, and mononucleated cells (macrophages, lymphocytes) were quantified as a fraction of the total area of inflammation.ResultsNeutrophilic infiltrates were associated with glomerular necrosis and severe kidney injury in ANCA GN. Among tubulointerstitial lesions, intrarenal neutrophils correlated with interstitial inflammation, tubulitis, and inflammation in areas of interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy (IFTA), representing active inflammatory lesions. Concerning eosinophils, infiltrates were associated with severe kidney injury, interstitial inflammation, and cellular casts independent of glomerular lesions, implicating a distinct role in inflammation and damage in ANCA GN. Plasma cell infiltrates correlated with tubulitis and interstitial fibrosis and were associated with renal replacement therapy during the short-term disease course. Finally, mononuclear cell infiltrates correlated with severe kidney injury and active histopathological lesions (glomerular crescents, interstitial inflammation, tubulitis, inflammation, and tubulitis in areas of IFTA) besides chronic lesions (interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy) in ANCA GN. Interestingly, intrarenal subtypes of immune cell infiltrates differed in MPO-ANCA versus PR3-ANCA GN and were associated with distinct glomerular and tubulointerstitial lesions, implicating different pathogenic mechanisms of kidney injury in ANCA subtypes.ConclusionOur observations imply distinct pathomechanisms contributing to inflammation and renal injury in MPO vs. PR3-associated ANCA GN and potentially contribute to new therapeutic targets in specific ANCA subtypes.
Occult Autoimmune Background for Epilepsy—The Preliminary Study on Antibodies Against Neuronal Surface Antigens
Authors: Dziadkowiak Edyta , Moreira Helena , Buska-Mach Katarzyna , Szmyrka Magdalena , Budrewicz Sławomir , Barg Ewa , Janik Marta , Pokryszko-Dragan Anna 
Published: October 2021

Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the incidence of antibodies against neuronal surface antigens (NSA-ab) in patients with different types of epilepsy, in comparison with the subjects diagnosed with immune-mediated disorders.Methods: Forty patients with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) of unknown origin, 16 with post-stroke epilepsy, and 23 with systemic autoimmune disorders (SAD) with CNS involvement were included. NSA-ab were sought in serum using indirect immunofluorescence method. Relationships were analyzed between presence of NSA-ab and clinical presentation.Results: NSA-ab was detected in the sera from five patients: anti-DPPX in one patient, anti-AMPAR1/R2 in two, anti-LGI1 in one and, in one case, both anti-CASPR2 and DPPX IgG. Out of these five patients, three represented the SAD subgroup and two the DRE subgroup. None of the patients with post-stroke epilepsy was positive for NSA-ab.Significance: Autoimmune etiology is worth considering in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy of unknown origin. The presence of NSA-ab in patients with systemic autoimmune disorders may be caused by unspecifically enhanced autoimmune reactivity. NSA-ab seem not to be related to epilepsy resulting from ischemic brain injury.
Atrial Fibrillation Related and Unrelated Stroke Recurrence Among Ischemic Stroke Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Kim Bum Joon , Hwang Yang-Ha , Park Man-Seok , Kim Joon-Tae , Choi Kang-Ho , Jung Jin-Man , Yu Sungwook , Kim Chi Kyung , Oh Kyungmi , Song Tae-Jin , Kim Yong-Jae , Park Kwang-Yeol , Kim Jeong-Min , Park Jong-Ho , Choi Jay Chol , Chung Jong-Won , Bang Oh Young , Kim Gyeong-Moon , Heo Sung Hyuk , Seo Woo-Keun 
Published: October 2021

Background: Ischemic stroke with atrial fibrillation (AF) may recur despite appropriate treatment. It may be AF-related or AF-unrelated. We compared the factors associated with AF-related and AF-unrelated recurrences among ischemic stroke patients with AF.Methods: Patients with ischemic stroke and AF were enrolled from 11 centers in Korea. Ischemic stroke recurrence was classified as AF-related if the lesion pattern was compatible with cardioembolism without significant stenosis or as AF-unrelated if the lesion was more likely due to small vessel disease or arterial stenosis. Factors associated with stroke recurrence (AF-related and AF-unrelated) were investigated.Results: Among the 2,239 patients, 115 (5.1%) experienced recurrence (75 AF-related and 40 AF-unrelated). Factors independently associated with any stroke recurrence included AF diagnosed before stroke, small subcortical infarctions, and small scattered lesions in a single vascular territory. Type of AF was associated with the type of stroke recurrence, with persistent AF being associated with AF-related stroke [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.94, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.69–5.26; p &lt; 0.001]. By contrast, paroxysmal AF (HR = 3.76, 95% CI 1.56–9.04; p = 0.003), AF diagnosed before stroke (HR = 2.38, 95% CI 1.19–4.55; p = 0.014), small scattered lesions in a single vascular territory (reference: corticosubcortical lesion, HR = 3.19, 95% CI 1.18–8.63; p = 0.022), and the use of antiplatelet agents (HR = 2.11, 95% CI 1.11–4.03; p = 0.024) were independently associated with AF-unrelated stroke.Conclusion: Persistent AF was more associated with AF-related stroke recurrence, whereas paroxysmal AF was more associated with AF-unrelated stroke recurrence. A scattered lesion in a single vascular territory may predict AF-unrelated stroke recurrence.
Comprehensive Analysis of IGFBPs as Biomarkers in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Liu Qi , Jiang Jianwu , Zhang Xiefu , Zhang Meixiang , Fu Yang 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveGastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer worldwide and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Insulin-like growth-factor-binding proteins (IGFBPs) were initially identified as passive inhibitors that combined with insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) in serum. However, more recent data have shown that they have different expression patterns and a variety of functions in the development and occurrence of cancers. Thus, their various roles in cancer still need to be elucidated. This study aimed to explore the IGFBPs and their prognostic value as markers in gastric cancer.MethodsOncomine, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), Kaplan–Meier Plotter, cBioPortal, GeneMANIA, and TIMER were used to analyze the differential expression, prognostic value, genetic alteration, and association with immune cell infiltration of IGFPBs in gastric cancer.ResultsExpression levels of IGFBP3, IGFBP4, and IGFBP7 were significantly elevated in gastric cancer tissues, whereas those of IGFBP1 were reduced in normal tissues. IGFBP1/5/7 expression was significantly associated with overall survival whereas IGFBP6/7 expression was significantly correlated with disease-free survival in gastric cancer patients. IGFBP3/5/6/7 were associated with clinical cancer stage. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome analyses showed that IGFBP3/5/7 were mainly enriched in focal adhesion, extracellular matrix structural constituent, cell-substratist junction, extracellular structure, and matrix organization. Stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) and gastric cancer had more IGFBP1–7 mutations than other tumor types. Hub gene analysis showed that TP53 and IGF2 expression was significantly elevated in STAD patients; PLG, PAPPA, AFP, and CYR61 were associated with overall survival rate; and IGFALS, PLG, IGF1, AHSG, and FN1 were associated with disease-free survival. Finally, IGFBP3–7 were all associated with cancer-associated fibroblast infiltration in STAD, colon adenocarcinoma, and rectal adenocarcinoma.ConclusionOur study provides a comprehensive analysis and selection of IGFBPs as prognostic biomarkers in STAD. This was the first bioinformatic analysis study to describe the involvement of IGFBPs, especially IGFBP7, in gastric cancer development through the extracellular matrix.