bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends and Treatment Outcomes of Pediatric Tuberculosis at Mbale Regional Referral Hospital, in Eastern Uganda, 2013-2017
Authors: Monje Fred , Kadobera Daniel , Owolabi Yakubu , Bulage Lilian , Ario Alex Riolexus , Harris Julie R. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Childhood tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health problem in Uganda. Failure to complete TB treatment is associated with development of multi-drug-resistant TB, continued spread of TB, and death. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends treatment success rates of ≥85% to achieve TB control, but children often have lower success rates due to challenges in case identification and treatment adherence. We assessed trends in childhood TB case notification rates, spatial case distribution, treatment outcomes, and predictors of treatment completion at Mbale Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH) in Eastern Uganda.Methods: We reviewed TB registers and extracted data for patients aged 0-14 years with presumptive TB at MRRH for 2013-2017. We determined the childhood TB case notification rate in the MRRH catchment area, performed a TB case notification rate trend analysis and described spatial TB case distribution. We used logistic regression to identify patient-related and hospital-related factors associated with completion of TB treatment at MRRH among HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients. Results: We identified 331 TB case notifications among children <15 years. TB case notification rates declined from 6.6/100,000 in 2013 to 2.2/100,000 in 2017 [odds ratio (OR)=0.81; 95% confidence intervals (CI)=0.58-1.1]. Mbale District recorded the highest TB case notification rate (79/100,000), and Kapchorwa District recorded the lowest TB case notification rate (3.8/100,000). Completion rates varied from 35% to 80%. Of the 331 patients, 167 (50%) completed TB treatment. In logistic regression, 142 (75%) of 189 HIV-negative TB patients completed TB treatment compared to 25 (54%) of 46 HIV-positive TB patients (OR=2.5; 95%CI=1.3-4.9). Seventy-four (63%) of 117 patients in the facility-based model and 93 (79%) of patients in the community-based model completed TB treatment (OR=0.47; 95% CI=0.26-0.83).Conclusions: Only half of childhood TB patients completed treatment, well below the WHO target of ≥85% completion. Although TB completion was associated with treatment model and HIV-negative status, neither HIV-positive nor HIV-negative patients had acceptable completion rates. MRRH should strengthen HIV treatment services among childhood TB patients by engaging peer groups and trusted community leaders to provide education on the importance of completing TB treatment.
Long Non-Coding RNA LINC01559 Exerts Oncogenic Role Via Enhancing Autophagy in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhao Zhuochen , Wan Junhu , Guo Manman , Yang Zhengwu , Li Zhuofang , Wang Yangxia , Ming Liang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been verified to play fatal role in regulating the progression of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Although lncRNAs play important role in regulating the autophagy of tumor cells, the function and molecular mechanism of LINC01559 in regulating lung cancer development remain to be elucidated. Method and materials: In this study, we used bioinformatics to screen out autophagy-related lncRNAs from TCGA-LUAD repository, and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was applied to establish the clinical characteristics and survival of autophagy-related lncRNAs in LUAD patients was analyzed. Finally, we selected the most significant differences lncRNA, LINC01559, to verify its function in regulating LUAD progression.Results: we found high expression of LINC01559 indicates lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis. Besides, LINC01559 promotes lung cancer cell proliferation and migration in vitro, by enhancing autophagy signal pathway. Conclusion: We revealed a novel prognostic model based on autophagy-related lncRNAs, and provide a new therapeutic target and for patients with lung adenocarcinoma with LINC01559.
Feature Extraction based on Generalized Permutation Entropy for Condition Monitoring of Rotating Machinery
Authors: Lin Jinshan , Dou Chunhong , Liu Yingjie 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Defective rotating machinery usually exhibits complex dynamic behavior. Therefore, feature representation of machinery vibration signals is always critical for condition monitoring of rotating machinery. Permutation entropy (PeEn), an adaptive symbolic description, can measure complexities of signals. However, PeEn may lack the capability to fully describe dynamics of complex signals since compressing all the information into a single parameter. Afterwards, multiscale PeEn (MPeEn) is put forward for coping with nonstationarity, outliers and artifacts emerging in complex signals. In MPeEn, a set of parameters serve to describe dynamics of a complex signal in different time scales. Nonetheless, an average procedure in MPeEn may withhold local information of a complex signal. To overcome deficiencies of PeEn and MPeEn, this paper proposes generalized PeEn (GPeEn) by introducing different time lags and orders into PeEn. In GPeEn, a complex signal is compressed into one matrix rather than a single parameter. Moreover, minimal, maximal and average values of a matrix obtained by GPeEn serve to briefly describe conditions of rotating machinery. Next, a numerical experiment proves that GPeEn outperforms PeEn and MPeEn in characterizing conditions of a Lorenz model. Subsequently, the performance of GPeEn is benchmarked against that of PeEn and MPeEn by investigating gear and roll-bearing vibration signals containing different types and severity of faults. The results show that the proposed method has a clear advantage over PeEn and MPeEn in condition monitoring of rotating machinery.
The Association Between Hypovitaminosis D Status with Muscle Strength and Functional Capacity in a Brazilian Community-Dwelling Elderly Population: A Cross- Sectional Study
Authors: Pelizari Aimee de Araujo Cabral , Pereira Danielle Aparecida Gomes , Pereira Daniele Sirineu , Parentoni Adriana Netto , Pereira Leani Souza Máximo 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Although there have been studies on the association between hypovitaminosis D status with muscle strength and functional capacity, there were few studies on Brazilian community-dwelling elderly population. Therefore, this study aims to assess the association of hypovitaminosis D with muscle strength and functional capacity in a sample Brazilian community-dwelling elderly population.Methods: An analytical, cross-sectional observational study with a convenience sample was conducted. The 25(OH)D levels were assessed using an enzyme-linked fluorescent assay and classified according to the standardization of the Brazilian Society of Clinical Pathology/Laboratory Medicine. Hand grip strength (HGS) and isometric quadriceps strength (IQS) were measured using manual Jamar® and Lafayette® 01165 dynamometers, respectively. Functional capacity was evaluated using the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). Multiple linear regression models were used to assess the association of hypovitaminosis D with the HGS, IQS, and SPPB score via the Enter method. The models were adjusted for age, sex, presence of pain, level of physical activity, and use of vitamin D supplementation. Results: A total of 150 elderly individuals (age: 67.18±5.33 years) were included. According to the 25(OH)D levels, 60.7% had hypovitaminosis D (insufficient: 48%, deficient: 12.7%), and 39.3% had sufficient levels. No associations were found between hypovitaminosis D and the HGS (p=0.84), LogIQS (p=0.462), and SPPB score (p=0.617). In the regression model, the influence of the vitamin D levels on functional capacity was not significant, demonstrating no association between them.Conclusion: Hypovitaminosis D was not associated with decreased muscle strength and functional capacity in the sample Brazilian community-dwelling elderly population. Longitudinal studies with measurement of the time of use and levels of vitamin D are encouraged.
Sol-Gel Synthesis of CdS/Glass &amp; CdS/Si Thin Films for Optoelectronic Devices
Authors: Rathinamala I. , Prithivikumaran N. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Cadmium chalcogenides have gained huge attention during the past few decades from investigators exploring various applications like optoelectronic, photovoltaic, thermoelectric devices etc. In the present work, CdS thin films had been deposited onto glass and silicon substrates using sol - gel spin coating technique. The structural, surface morphological, optical and electrical properties of the synthesized films were studied. The X-Ray diffraction analysis revealed that the prepared films have hexagonal structure with preferential orientation along (0 0 2) plane. The structural parameters such as crystallite size, strain and dislocation density of the prepared films were estimated and reported. The SEM image of the CdS thin films showed a uniform, homogeneous and granular morphology over the entire surface of the substrate. The PL spectrum showed three emission peaks; dominant peak occurs at 575 nm and the other two peaks occur at 525 nm and 480 nm. The FTIR study gave the bonding present in the CdS thin film samples. The Four-probe results showed that the electrical conductivity increases with increase in temperature. The present study suggested that CdS thin films on Si wafer could be a good promising candidate for the fabrication of optoelectronic devices.
The Early Outcome Of the Bernese Periacetabular Osteotomy For Hip Dysplasia In Multiple Epiphyseal Dysplasia
Authors: Chang Yao-Yuan , Lee Chia-Che , Lin Sheng-Chieh , Kuo Ken N , Wu Kuan-Wen , Wang Ting-Ming 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background:Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia (MED) is a rare congenital bone dysplasia. Patients with MED develop secondary hip osteoarthritis as early as third to the fourth decade. Currently, there is no consensus on how to prevent or slow the process of secondary hip osteoarthritis.The Bernese periacetabular osteotomy is a joint preserving surgery to reshape acetabulum and extend coverage for the hip, however, there is no established evidence of the effectiveness for the MED hips.Patients and methods:A retrospective series of 6 hips in 3 patients with multiple epiphyseal dysplasia treated with the Bernese periacetabular osteotomy were reviewed. The average age at the time of surgery was 14.3 years (range: 11.4 to 17.2 y). Radiographic parameters were analyzed preoperatively and 1-year postoperatively. The hip function was evaluated by the Harris Hip Score (HHS) before and after surgery. Results:The mean follow-up time was 1.7 years. The mean LCEA increased from 3.8° to 47.1° (p = .02), ACEA increased from 7.3° to 35.1° (p = .02), and AI decreased from 27.8° to 14.6° (p=.04). The femoral head coverage ratio increased from 66.8% to 100% (p= .02). The procedure achieved femoral head medialization by decreasing central head distance from 86.7mm preoperatively to 82.7mm postoperatively, however, without statistical significance. (p = .699). The improvement of clinical outcomes by mean HHS was significant from 67.3 preoperatively to 86.7 postoperatively (p=0.05).Conclusion:Bernese PAO is a feasible option for treatment of the hip problems in MED patients. It reshapes acetabular and femoral morphology 3-dimensionally. In our study, the short-term follow-up results showed obvious functional and radiographic improvement. A long-term follow-up is necessary in the future.
Evaluation of Microbial Diversity, Community Composition and Function in Mixed Cropping Systems Using Three Legume Species Under the Application of Biochar or Chemical Fertiliser
Authors: Kimura Akari , Uchida Yoshitaka 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Mixed cropping systems involve utilising multiple crop species on the field and diversifying aboveground plants. However, several contradicting results have been reported regarding their effects on soil microbial diversity. Therefore, to evaluate the effects of different leguminous species used in mixed cropping systems and the types of fertiliser on the diversity of soil microbes, a pot study was performed under maize/legume mixed cropping systems with one of three legumes, including cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.], velvet bean [Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC.] and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) , and one of three types of fertiliser treatments, namely chemical fertiliser (CF), carbonised chicken manure (CM) or the lack of fertiliser (Ctr). 16S rRNA analyses were conducted using the soils sampled from each pot for soil bacterial diversity assessment, and Tax4Fun2 was used for bacterial functional prediction analysis. A decrease in microbial diversity after CM application was observed in the soil with velvet bean + maize (MM) compared to the Ctr treatment, whereas an increase in microbial diversity was observed in the soil with common bean + maize (PM) in the same condition. With CM application, the abundance of treatment-unique bacteria increased with PM treatment, whereas their decrease was observed with MM treatment. In contrast, the abundance of dominant microbes, including Thaumarchaeota, Chloroflexi, Planctomycetes and Verrucomicrobia, was significantly lower in PM but higher in MM after CM application. Functional prediction analysis indicated that the dominant bacteria were involved in CM decomposition processes and nitrification in MM treatment. Legume species-dependent factors, including nutrient absorption and root exudate composition, might be important concerning soil bacterial diversities.
Modelling Salt Intake Reduction with Umami Substance’s Incorporation Into Japanese Foods: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Tanaka Shiori , Yoneoka Daisuke , Ishizuka Aya , Adachi Megumi , Hayabuchi Hitomi , Nishimura Toshihide , Takemi Yukari , Uneyama Hisayuki , Shibuya Kenji , Nomura Shuhei 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BackgroundEvidence has demonstrated that excess salt intake is associated with the development of several non-communicable diseases. Therefore, reformulating the sodium content of foods is an important global public health effort to achieve salt reduction and improve health. This study aimed to model sodium replacement with 'umami' substances and estimate the possible reduction effects of the umami substances on the daily salt intake among Japanese adults. The umami substances considered in this study include glutamate or monosodium glutamates (MSG), calcium diglutamate (CDG), inosinate, and guanilate.MethodsA sample of 21,805 participants aged 57.8 years on average from the National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHNS) were used in the analysis. First, we employed a multivariable linear regression approach, with overall salt intake (g/day) as a dependent variable, adjusting for intake (g/day) from food items and other covariates, to estimate the contributions of each food item to daily salt intake. We then considered three hypothetical scenarios with varying market share percentages of umami substitute foods (30%, 60%, and 100%). We estimated the population-level salt reduction for each scenario, by age and gender, based on the contribution of each food to salt intake estimated by the regression model and the estimated salt reduction rates by food item based on an extensive literature review. Under the 100% scenario, the achievement rates for national and global dietary goals of salt intake in the Japanese population were also calculated.ResultsWithout compromising the taste, the universal incorporation of umami substances can reduce the salt intake of adult Japanese persons by 12.0-21.1% in the population level, which is equivalent to 1.27-2.22g of salt reduction. A mean daily salt intake before and after scenario in universal umami substance’s incorporation changes from 9.95g to 7.73g for the total population, from 10.83g to 8.40g for men and from 9.21g to 7.17g for women, respectively. Approximately 60% of Japanese adults could achieve the national dietary goal of 8g/day, while only 7.6% could meet the global target of 5.0g/day. ConclusionsOur study provides essential information on the potential salt reduction from sodium replacement with alternatives. The universal incorporation of umami substances into some foods could achieve the national dietary goals for the Japanese. However, the reduced salt intake level still falls short of the global dietary recommendation of 5g of salt daily.
Highly-Efficient Thermoelectric-Pumped Light-Emitting-Diodes Based on Colloidal Quantum Dots
Authors: Lin Xing , Dai Xingliang , Ye Zikang , Shu Yufei , Peng Xiaogang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Pumped by sub-bandgap electric work and Peltier heat, thermoelectric-pumped light-emitting diodes (TEP-LEDs) can achieve a power-conversion-efficiency greater than 100%. However, cost-effective and high-efficiency TEP-LEDs are not readily accessible for the epitaxially grown III-V LEDs due to the high chip cost and efficiency droop at sub-bandgap voltages. Photoluminescence with power-conversion-efficiency above unity through phonon-assisted excitation has been realized in high-quality colloidal quantum dots (QDs), owing to their defect-free nature. Here, we show that solution-processed QD-LEDs (QLEDs) can achieve high power-conversion-efficiency and high brightness, circumventing the deficiency faced by conventional LEDs. The optimal red-emitting device exhibits internal power-conversion-efficiency of 93.5% at 100 cd m-2. At this brightness, the driving voltage (V) of 1.89 V is much lower than the photon voltage (Vp =hv/q = 1.96 V). Our results highlight that TEP-LEDs can be constructed by integrating large-scale solution processing techniques and chemical-grade materials, towards cost-effective display and lighting applications.
Prognostic Analysis and Clinical Characteristics of Dual Primary Lung Cancer: A Population Study Based on Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Database
Authors: Wang Guanghui , Zeng Yukai , Zheng Haotian , Zhao Xiaogang , Wang Yadong , Shen Hongchang , Du Jiajun 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: The peculiarity and the lack of clinical studies of dual primary lung cancer (DPLC) led to limited knowledge about its clinical characteristics and prognosis. The current study performed a retrospective analysis and established a prognostic nomogram to assess the prognostic factors and clinical characteristics of DPLC.Methods: A total of 1419 DPLC patients with pathological confirmation from SEER were selected and analyzed by univariate and multivariable Cox regression analyses. The independent prognostic factors were included to establish a nomogram. The accuracy and reliability of prognostic model were evaluated by C-indexes, calibration plots, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, decision curve analyses (DCA) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) scores. Chi-square test was used to assess the differences between DPLC and single primary lung cancer (SPLC) or synchronous DPLC (sDPLC) and metachronous DPLC (mDPLC).Results: Cox regression analysis showed that age, sex, histological type, stage, LN metastasis, surgery, chemotherapy were independent prognostic factors, we included these factors to establish a prognostic model. In the training cohort, the C-index was 0.690, and the area under curves (AUC) of 3- and 5-year survival time were 0.720 and 0.723. The calibration plots in training cohort and validation cohort were in excellent agreement. DCA and IDI showed that the predictive effect of the novel prognostic model was better than the model based on 8th AJCC TNM system. Chi-square test indicated that DPLC and SPLC had statistical differences on pathological and clinical features.Conclusions: The clinical and pathological characteristics of DPLC were different from the SPLC. The nomogram based on significant factors could provide accurate and individualized survival predictions for DPLC.
Numerical Investigation of Residual Displacement of Rocking Self-Centering Columns Under Cyclic Loading
Authors: Shi Yan , zhong zhengwu , Zhang Zhichao , Han Jianping , Cheng Hu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Well-designed rocking self-centering (RSC) columns are capable of achieving small residual displacement. However, few studies conducted the quantitative analysis for the residual displacement of RSC columns. The residual displacement is the product of the struggle between the self-centering (SC) capacity and the energy dissipation (ED) capacity. In this study, a SC factor and an ED parameter were defined to reflect the SC and ED capacity of the RSC column, respectively. The influence of eight common design parameters on the SC factor and the ED parameter was explored using factorial analysis. Parametric analysis was performed to investigate the tendency of the SC factor and the ED parameter with the increase of maximum drift. According to the results of the parametric analysis, the effect of the SC factor and the ED parameter on the distribution of the residual drift was researched statistically. A simplified formula was proposed to calculate the upper limit of the residual drift. What is more, a set of predictive regression formulas was established to estimate the actual residual drift, these regression formulas have an applicable condition that the ED parameter should be larger than 0.75. When the ED parameter was less than 0.75, the residual drift is approximate to zero.
Diversity of Bacterium Communities in Saline-Alkali Soil in Arid Regions of Northwest China
Authors: Nan Lili , Guo Quanen , cao shiyu , zhan zongbing 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: The Illumina MiSeq sequencing method was practiced to investigate the bacterial diversity and composition in the 5 subtypes and 13 genera of saline-alkali soil in Gansu Province, China. Results: The results from this study show that the dominant bacterial groups were Euryarchaeota, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Gemmatimonadetes among the different salinity soil. Euryarchaeota and Proteobacteria were the main indicator species reflecting changes of the main microbial groups. Euryarchaeota was the most abundant in chloride-sulfate-type meadow solonchaks, sulfate-chloride-type meadow solonchaks, chloride-type meadow solonchaks, chloride-sulfate-type orthic solonchaks, sulfate-chloride-type orthic solonchaks, magnesium solonetz, sulfate-type dry solonchaks, chloride-sulfate-type dry solonchaks, and sulfate-chloride-type dry solonchaks, whereas Proteobacteria had the greatest abundance in sulfate-type meadow solonchaks, sulfate-type orthic solonchaks, chloride-type orthic solonchaks, and chloride-type bog solonchaks. Halobacteria was the dominant bacterial class in soil samples except sulfate-type meadow solonchaks, chloride-type orthic solonchaks, sulfate-type orthic solonchaks, and chloride-type bog solonchaks. The richness estimators of Ace and Chao 1 and the diversity indices of Shannon and Simpson revealed a less bacterial community in sulfate-chloride-type orthic solonchaks than that of other soils. Conclusions: The pH value was the most important driving force for bacterial composition (32.1%), and the second most influencing factor was sulfate anion (9.2%) and soil total salt (8.7) contents.