bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The age-specific differences in histopathological tumor characteristics and TNM classification of breast carcinomas in Quality assured mamma diagnostic (QuaMaDi) program in the state of Schleswig–Holstein in Germany
Authors: Kramp L.-J. , Mathiak M. , Behrens H.-M. , Schäfer F. W. , van Mackelenbergh M. , Röcken Christoph 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
We explored the hypothesis that high-quality standards in diagnostic mammography can lead to an early diagnosis of breast cancers and identifies at risk populations outside screening programs. The histopathological features and distribution of the TNM classification were examined in relation to patient age in a large group of women with breast cancers participating in the Quality Assured Mamma Diagnostic (QuaMaDi) program of the state of Schleswig–Holstein.

Patients and methods
Surgical pathological reports were studied for clinicopathological characteristics, receptor status, molecular subtype and tumor stage. The analysis was conducted by dividing the study population into three age groups: women under 50 years (pre-screening), 50–69 years (peri-screening) and over 70 years (post-screening).

Results
7.111 biopsies and 2.887 resection specimens were included. Breast cancer was diagnosed in 4.241 (59.7%) cases, one fourth of them in women < 50 years. Elderly women (> 70 years) had more well-differentiated, estrogen receptor (ER)-positive and HER2-negative carcinomas, whereas younger women (< 50 years) tended to have more poorly differentiated, ER negative, and HER2-positive carcinomas. 47% of breast carcinoma were luminal B tumors and were most common regardless of age. 70.4% of resected specimen had pT1 stage. Nodal negative were 71.2%.

Conclusion
In QuaMaDi breast cancer was diagnosed at an early and potentially curable stage of the disease due to high-quality standards in diagnostic mammography. In addition, regardless of age, an increased number of prognostically unfavorable molecular subtypes were detected. Thus, QuaMaDi helps to identify at risk populations. QuaMaDi significantly improves diagnostic mammography and complements mammography screening programs.
Einfluss der Behandlungserwartung auf Pruritus und Hautschmerzen
Authors: Krefting F. , Hölsken S. , Schedlowski M. , Sondermann W. 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungHintergrundPatientenerwartungen in Bezug auf den Nutzen einer medizinischen Behandlung stellen eine wichtige Determinante für die Placeboantwort dar. Sie können Entwicklung und Verlauf von Erkrankungen sowie Wirksamkeit und Verträglichkeit von Therapien maßgeblich beeinflussen. Die Mechanismen, die diese Placebo- und Noceboeffekte vermitteln, wurden bislang am besten auf dem Gebiet der Placeboanalgesie beschrieben. Aber auch in der Dermatologie findet sich eine zunehmende Evidenz dafür, dass verschiedene Symptome wie Schmerzen an der Haut und Pruritus (Jucken) sowie verschiedene dermatologische Erkrankungen durch die Behandlungserwartungen von Patienten moduliert werden können.Ziel der ArbeitDas Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die Darstellung der aktuellen Datenlage in Bezug auf den Einfluss von Erwartungseffekten auf dermatologische Symptome wie Pruritus und Hautschmerzen sowie auf verschiedene dermatologische Erkrankungen. Schließlich soll die Bedeutung dieses Themas für Ärzte, die Patienten mit Hautsymptomen behandeln, vermittelt werden.Material und MethodenEs handelt sich um eine narrative Übersichtsarbeit.Ergebnisse und DiskussionEine zunehmende Anzahl von Studien an gesunden Probanden und dermatologischen Patienten zeigt, dass Hautsymptome wie Pruritus und Schmerzen durch die Induktion positiver Erwartungen verringert und durch die Induktion negativer Erwartungen verstärkt werden können. Vorherige Behandlungserfahrungen der Patienten sowie die Qualität und Quantität der Arzt-Patienten-Kommunikation spielen für die Induktion der Behandlungserwartung eine zentrale Rolle.SchlussfolgerungTechniken, die darauf abzielen, positive Erwartungseffekte von Patienten mit Hautsymptomen zu maximieren und negative zu minimieren, sollten in die klinische Routine implementiert werden.
A new tunable elastic metamaterial structure for manipulating band gaps/wave propagation
Authors: Wang Zhenyu , Ma Zhaoyang , Guo Xingming , Zhang Dongsheng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA one-dimensional mechanical lattice system with local resonators is proposed as an elastic metamaterial model, which shows negative mass and negative modulus under specific frequency ranges. The proposed representative units, consisting of accurately arranged rigid components, can generate controllable translational resonance and achieve negative mass and negative modulus by adjusting the local structural parameters. A shape memory polymer is adopted as a spring component, whose Young’s modulus is obviously affected by temperature, and the proposed metamaterials’ tunable ability is achieved by adjusting temperature. The effect of the shape memory polymer’s stiffness variation on the band gaps is investigated detailedly, and the special phenomenon of intersecting dispersion curves is discussed, which can be designed and controlled by adjusting temperature. The dispersion relationship of the continuum metamaterial model affected by temperature is obtained, which shows great tunable ability to manipulate wave propagation.
Pole Length Influences Performance During On-Snow Skating in Female Cross-Country Skiers
Authors: Torvik Per-Øyvind , van den Tillaar Roland , Bostad Guro , Sandbakk Øyvind 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of pole length on performance and technique selection during a simulated skating cross-country (XC) skiing competition on snow in female XC skiers.

Methods
Nine female XC skiers and biathletes (VO2max 63.6 ± 6.2 mL/min/kg, age 22.9 ± 3.5 years, body height 1.69 ± 0.1 m and body mass 60.8 ± 4.6 kg) completed two 5-km skating time-trail with maximal effort. The athletes had a minimum 4.5 h of rest between the two races, which were performed in a random order: one with self-selected poles (89.0% ± 0.6% of body height) and one with 7.5 cm increased pole length (94.0% ± 0.5% of body height). Speed in set terrain sections was determined and the selection of sub-technique was self-reported immediately after each race based on a detailed review of the entire track.

Results
Skiers performed on average 7.1 ± 7.1 s (P = 0.029) faster with the long poles, with this difference occurring during the first 200 m and in the uphill parts of the track, in which ~ 5% more G3 and ~ 5% fewer G2 sub-techniques were chosen (both P < 0.05). The rating of perceived exertion was 1 ± 0.9 point lower (P = 0.04) and skiing technique was perceived to be ~ 1.2 ± 1.5 points better with long poles (P = 0.038), while the physiological responses (i.e., peak and average heart rate, and blood lactate concentration) did not differ between trials.

Conclusion
In conclusion, poles 7.5 cm longer than self-selected ones improved performance in skating, by enhancing speed in the initial phase (first 200 m) and in the uphill section of the track. In addition, the longer poles induced more use of the G3 skating sub-technique.
Climate change and groundwater resources availability in the Great Limpopo National Park (Mozambique): the current state of knowledge
Authors: Vitale S. , Sappa G. , Andrei F. , Barbieri M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis work outlines a comprehensive study of groundwater resources supply in Mozambique’s Great Limpopo National Park buffer zone in Southern Africa. To protect biological diversity and the water resources supply of dispersed communities of the buffer zone is a crucial problem to fix people in the region and, in the meantime, to boost the development of the Limpopo National Park. This work shows the current state of knowledge about this topic and try to point out some suggestions on technical solutions. Some previous studies concluded that two different main factors make a complex water supply in this area: (i) the rainwater distribution, it is hard to transform the rainwater into groundwater resources available for exploitation, and (ii) the common groundwater resources, rich in elements such as Boron (B), Mercury (Hg), Uranium (U), Zinc (Zn) and Lead (Pb). The occurrence of these elements is linked to the presence of groundwater with long residence times, unsafe for people’s health. The methodological approach adopted has been to assess the potential infiltration, applying the inverse hydrogeological budget technique, starting from the main outcropping geological units, in the study area. Due to the lack of meteorological data referred to Limpopo National Park, the gauge stations located in the Kruger National Park during the last 64 years have been, on the whole, considered. The target of the study has been to assess the trend of meteorological data and understand how precipitations could affect groundwater recharge and their availability. Without a strategy of biodiversity conservation and sustainable water resources management, they cannot be reached and guaranteed healthy conditions for local dispersed communities. A hydrogeoethical responsible approach is essential to protect biological diversity and hydrosocial cycle framework with integrative ecosystem services and nature-based solutions.
Functional outcome in scapular fracture treatment evaluation with 2-year follow-up in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital
Authors: Martika Windi , Dilogo Ismail Hadisoebroto , Setyawan Riky 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT

Background:
Standard treatment of scapular fractures is still controversial. There was no consensus for the best indication in surgical management and therapeutic choice of the scapular fracture. This study aim is to evaluate both radiological characteristics and functional outcomes between patients with scapular fracture treated with conservative and operative management.

Methods:
We did a case series study of 19 patients with scapular fractures between 2012 and 2017. Nine patients were treated with open reduction internal fixation and 10 patients were treated conservatively. We evaluated radiological outcome using degree of Glenopolar Angle (GPA), angulation, and medialization through anteroposterior, lateral, and scapular Y projection, functional outcome using DASH scores, and complications in 2-year follow-up.

Result:
The mean patient age was 46.3 ± 18.4 years in the conservative group and 42.7 ± 11.5 years in the operative group. Fracture pattern was classified using Zdravkovic and Damholt (ZD) classification. DASH Score was excellent with 9.5 ± 2.1 points in conservative group and 6.0 ± 2.5 points in operative group with insignificant difference. There was significant difference in GPA and medialization. This is supported by functional outcome of operative group which is higher compared to conservative treatment insignificantly.

Conclusion:
Operative treatment resulted high functional outcome and minimal complications compared to the conservative group. Operative treatment was recommended for scapular fractures that are displaced more than 9 mm and/or angulated more than 40°.

Level of evidence:
II, therapeutic study.
Experiences in Archaeology, Social Justice, and Democratic Principles
Authors: Belcher William R. , Falgout Suzanne , Chinen Joyce , Carriera R. Kalani , Fuller Johanna 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTFrom 2016 to 2019, the University of Hawai‘i West O‘ahu conducted archaeological field schools at Honouliuli National Historic Site to teach our students basic archaeological skills. Because the site was the largest Japanese and Japanese American concentration camp on O‘ahu, the field school initiated a program related to social justice and democratic principles for the imprisonment of US citizens and legal residents based on racial and national profiling. The demography of O‘ahu created a special bond to the incarcerees’ stories and the students of Asian and Hawaiian descent. Through field trips, student discussion, and curriculum development, we focused on the pedagogical benefit of experiential learning. Field trips to the National Park Service's World War II Valor in the Pacific Park System on O‘ahu, King Kamehameha V Judiciary History Center, and the Japanese Cultural Center of Hawai‘i allowed the students to see and understand the historical context of the Japanese internment from the mid-nineteenth century, with the development of plantations and early colonialism, to the beginning of World War II and the internment of the more than 300 Japanese and Japanese American—as well as European and Okinawan—civilians and the imprisonment of over 4,000 prisoners of war.
Hidden Continuities?: The Avatars of “Judicial Lustration” in Post-Communist Romania
Authors: Iancu Bogdan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis Article grapples with the instrumentalization of the past in Romania, in the specific context of “judicial lustration” measures. It argues that decommunization and lustration policies, which could not be pursued in the immediate aftermath of the collapse of state socialism in 1989, were weaponized much later and used in order to advance other purposes. In 2006, an expedited judicial vetting procedure, in the context of the EU-driven fight against corruption, was repurposed by the center-right as a lustration instrument. In the same year, the dismantling of an intelligence service created after 1991 in the Justice Ministry (SIPA) to monitor ‘vulnerabilities’ in the justice system has set in motion a long series of failed attempts to bring closure to the question regarding the service’s archives, fomenting continuities of suspicion until today. More recently, in 2018, a form of ‘mock-judicial lustration’ has been used by the political left to deflect or at least delegitimize repressive anti-corruption policies. The new “lustration procedure” implicitly equated the recent cooperation between prosecutors and intelligence officers, in the context of the fight against corruption, with past practices of collusion between the members of the judiciary and the communist Securitate. These three episodes of ‘dealing with the past’ are reviewed in order to showcase path-dependencies. Such path-dependencies are not linked only with carryovers from or throwbacks to the communist past. Rather, pre- and post-communist deficiencies of modernization, combined more recently with gaps in post-accession monitoring by the EU Commission, create continuities of peripheral instrumentalism. Various narratives, such as decommunization, the fight against graft, judicial reform and the rule of law are used to legitimize short-term consequentialism, evincing a resilient, structural resistance to legislative and legal normativity.
Judicial Populism and the Weberian Judge—The Strength of Judicial Resistance Against Governmental Influence in Hungary
Authors: Bencze Mátyás 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe Hungarian judiciary has reacted to the political change of recent years in a twofold way. Some judges have resisted political pressure and decided cases according to the law and their conscience, while others, showing the signs of judicial populism, have deferred to the interests of the government. The paper explains the relationship between this twofold behavior and the bureaucratic tradition of the Hungarian justice system. The conclusion is that the bureaucratic model of organization has certain features that can make judges more resistant to political pressure, while other elements of the model can lead to judicial deference. Nonetheless, these latter elements are not necessary components of the ‘Weberian’ justice system.
Tectonic, hydrogeologic, and climatic controls on Late Holocene dune formation, China Lake basin, Indian Wells Valley, California, USA
Authors: Lancaster Nicholas , Bacon Steven N. , Bullard Thomas F. , Neudorf Christina M. , Keen-Zebert Amanda K. , Decker David L. , Boggs Matthew L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAnalysis of patterns of faulting and hydrogeology, stratigraphic and sedimentologic studies, and luminescence dating of aeolian deposits in China Lake basin provide new perspectives on the origins and development of Late Holocene dunes and sand ramps in the seismically active Indian Wells Valley of eastern California. Aeolian dune and sand sheet deposits were sourced from alluvial material derived from granitic rocks of the south-eastern Sierra Nevada and are concentrated in areas with sand-stabilizing phreatophyte vegetation influenced by high groundwater levels along the active oblique-normal Little Lake and Paxton Ranch faults, which locally form barriers to groundwater flow. Three episodes of sand accumulation are recognized (2.1 ± 0.1 to 2.0 ± 0.1 ka, 1.8 ± 0.2 to 1.6 ± 0.2 ka, and 1.2 ± 0.1 to 0.9 ± 0.1 ka) during conditions in which sediment supplied to the basin during periods of enhanced rainfall and runoff was subsequently reworked by wind into dunes and sand ramps at the transition to more arid periods. Understanding the role tectonics plays in influencing the hydrogeology of seismically active lake basins provides insights to accurately interpret landscape evolution and any inferences made on past hydroclimate variability in a region.
The Münster Rising, Memories of Violence, and Perceptions of Dissent in Restoration England
Authors: Crome Andrew 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article examines the ways in which the violent Anabaptist rising at Münster in 1533–5 was reinterpreted in Restoration England. Historians have often recognized that the incident was used to attack English Baptists in the seventeenth century, but there has been little systematic exploration of the processes behind this. This article suggests that recollections of Münster in later seventeenth-century England were a species of ‘cosmopolitan memory’ – an internationally shared memory of trauma put to distinctive local uses. References to Münster served as ways for English writers to tie nonconformists to specific acts of religious violence in England, including the Civil Wars and Thomas Venner's 1661 rising in London, without directly recalling these events. Historical discussions of the Münster rising therefore often directly transformed German Anabaptists into Quakers or Fifth Monarchists. Condemnations of the violence in the German city were also used by Congregationalists and Presbyterians to differentiate themselves from Baptists and Quakers and to emphasize their orthodoxy. Some Baptist writers responded by disclaiming their links to continental Anabaptists, while others moved to question the established historiography around the Münster rising. This article demonstrates these points through a range of sources, including sermons, letters, commentaries, controversial literature, and almanacs.
Imperial Thinking and Colonial Combat in the Early Twentieth-Century Italian Army
Authors: Wilcox Vanda 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAlthough designed primarily as a national institution, between the 1880s and the First World War the Italian army's military operations were all in the colonial sphere. By 1914, Italy claimed an extensive empire in East and North Africa. How far did imperialism shape Italian military culture and institutions? I identify ‘imperial thinking’ across nine areas of army activity. Italian colonialism relied on a pervasive narrative of Italian benevolence – italiani brava gente – with Italian conduct in war or as imperial rulers portrayed as inherently mild. This was accompanied by a set of anxieties we might term Adwa syndrome: after Italy's defeat by Ethiopia at Adwa in 1896, the Italian army was acutely afraid of possible violent uprisings by the local people. Many army officers expected betrayal and brutality from their colonial enemies or subjects, and acted accordingly. This outlook shaped the army's conduct both in the colonies and when dealing with European adversaries in the First World War. While the army of late Liberal Italy was structurally and doctrinally a national army, it was increasingly imperialist in mindset and outlook, which directly affected its conduct on and off the battlefield.
International comparisons of COVID-19 case and mortality data and the effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions: a plea for reconsideration
Authors: Thomson Stephen , Ip Eric C. , Lee Shing Fung 
Published: October 2021

AbstractInternational comparisons of the effectiveness of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) based on national case and mortality data are fraught with underestimated complexity. This article calls for stronger attention to just how extensive is the multifactorial nature of national case and mortality data, and argues that, unless a globally consistent benchmark of measurement can be devised, such comparisons are facile, if not misleading. This can lead to policy decisions and public support for the adoption of potentially harmful NPIs that are ineffective in combating the COVID-19 pandemic and damaging to mental health, social cohesion, human rights and economic development. The unscientific use of international comparisons of case and mortality data in public discourse, media reporting and policymaking on NPI effectiveness should be subject to greater scrutiny.
Tranexamic acid in sinus and nasal surgery: an up-to-date meta-analysis
Authors: Yap D , Shakir A , Hunt A 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveThere are gaps within current meta-analyses looking at the effects of tranexamic acid on sino-nasal surgery. This study aimed to update and summarise all current available evidence on the use of tranexamic acid in sino-nasal surgery.MethodA literature search was performed using four medical databases, Cochrane Library, Embase, Medline and PubMed. Data analysis was performed using dedicated meta-analysis software Review Manager (Revman).ResultsThirteen studies were included in the meta-analysis. The amount of blood loss and duration of surgery in tranexamic acid groups was statistically lower than placebo for both sinus and nasal surgery. Tranexamic acid improves the surgical field quality in sinus surgery but worsens the field in nasal surgery. Topical or intravenous administration of tranexamic acid in sinus surgery reduces blood loss, duration of surgery and improves the quality of the surgical field.ConclusionThis study suggests that the use of tranexamic acid in sinus surgery reduces blood loss, decreases surgical duration and improves surgical field quality.
The involvement of caregivers of patients with dementia during mastoid surgery under local anaesthesia
Authors: Swords C , Patil S , Jog M , Yung M 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundWith a growing ageing population, there is a higher prevalence of dementia in patients with conditions that can be managed surgically. Patients with dementia undergoing surgery under general anaesthesia often have poorer outcomes than those without. Therefore, local anaesthesia can be an option.MethodsTwo patients with severe dementia and advanced cholesteatoma were identified for operative management. They were deemed too high risk to proceed with general anaesthesia. This article describes our experience of performing mastoid surgery under local anaesthesia in the presence of a primary carer in the operating theatre.ResultsThe complete extirpation of cholesteatoma was achieved in both cases. The carers reported that local anaesthesia helped to facilitate communication and aid patient co-operation.ConclusionOur experience, albeit limited to two cases, illustrates an alternative individualised peri-operative strategy in the surgical management of patients with dementia and concurrent advanced cholesteatoma.