bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomarker evaluation under imperfect nested case‐control design
Authors: Wang Xuan , Zheng Yingye , Jensen Majken Karoline , He Zeling , Cai Tianxi 
Published: April 2021

SummaryThe nested case‐control (NCC) design has been widely adopted as a cost‐effective sampling design for biomarker research. Under the NCC design, markers are only measured for the NCC subcohort consisting of all cases and a fraction of the controls selected randomly from the matched risk sets of the cases. Robust methods for evaluating prediction performance of risk models have been derived under the inverse probability weighting framework. The probabilities of samples being included in the NCC cohort can be calculated based on the study design ``a previous study'' or estimated non‐parametrically ``a previous study''. Neither strategy works well due to model mis‐specification and the curse of dimensionality in practical settings where the sampling does not entirely follow the study design or depends on many factors. In this paper, we propose an alternative strategy to estimate the sampling probabilities based on a varying coefficient model, which attains a balance between robustness and the curse of dimensionality. The complex correlation structure induced by repeated finite risk set sampling makes the standard resampling procedure for variance estimation fail. We propose a perturbation resampling procedure that provides valid interval estimation for the proposed estimators. Simulation studies show that the proposed method performs well in finite samples. We apply the proposed method to the Nurses' Health Study II to develop and evaluate prediction models using clinical biomarkers for cardiovascular risk.
Numerical simulation of a mixed vertical ventilation system
Authors: Nagler Jacob 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe following work describes the process of finding the flow and the temperature fields for a given ventilation system configuration. In order to simplify the problem, the flow was characterized as 2D, incompressible, viscous and in constant state. First, the governing equations in terms of the stream function, vorticity and Reynolds number have been developed. The obtained mathematical model for the flow field is actually a pair of coupled elliptical partial differential equations. Solving the resulting equations was performed using SOR (successive over‐relaxation) methods following upwind second‐order finite differences. In the second stage, the temperature field was numerically calculated using the flow field data obtained in the first stage. In fact, as expected, the flow has been advanced from the left inlet opening to the right outlet opening. Also, the main flow was creating a vortex while above the main flow large vortex has been generated and surrounded by several small vortices around it. Last but not least, Reynolds (Re) number influence on the solution nature has been expressed by flow expansion in the whole ventilation cell. Finally, comparison between different Re numbers have proved the flow type dependency on the Re number and its effect on the temperature field.
The dimension-shift conjecture for one-loop amplitudes
Authors: Britto Ruth , Jehu Guy R. , Orta Andrea 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A conjecture made by Bern, Dixon, Dunbar, and Kosower asserts a simple dimension shifting relationship between the one-loop structure of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 MHV amplitudes and all-plus helicity amplitudes in pure Yang-Mills theory. We prove this conjecture to all orders in dimensional regularisation using unitarity cuts, and evaluate the form of these simplest one-loop amplitudes using a generalised D-dimensional unitarity technique which captures the full amplitude to all multiplicities.
Cryoablation of renal tumors: long-term follow-up from a multicenter experience
Authors: Stacul Fulvio , Sachs Camilla , Giudici Fabiola , Bertolotto Michele , Rizzo Michele , Pavan Nicola , Balestreri Luca , Lenardon Oliviero , Pinzani Alessandro , Pola Lisa , Cicero Calogero , Celia Antonio , Cova Maria Assunta 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To retrospectively investigate long-term outcomes of renal cryoablation from a multicenter database.

Methods
338 patients with 363 renal tumors underwent cryoablation in 4 centers in North-Eastern Italy. 340/363 tumors (93.7%) were percutaneously treated with CT guidance. 234 (68.8%) were treated after conscious sedation, 76 (22.3%) under local lidocaine anesthesia only and 30 (8.8%) under general anesthesia. Treatment efficacy and complication rate considered all procedures. Oncologic outcomes considered a subset of 159 patients with 159 biopsy proven renal cell carcinoma.

Results
Mean tumor size was 2.53 cm. Technical success was achieved in 355/363 (97.8%) treatments. Treatment efficacy after the first treatment was achieved in 348/363 (95.9%) tumors. Statistical analysis revealed a significant lower treatment efficacy for ASA score >3, Padua score >8, tumor size >2.5 cm, use of >2 cryoprobes, presence of one single kidney. In the subset of 159 patients, recurrence-free survival rates were 90.5% (95% CI 83.0%, 94.9%) at 3 years and 82.4% (95% CI 72.0%, 89.4%) at 5 years; overall survival rates were 96.0% (95% CI 90.6%, 98.3%) at 3 years and 91.0% (95% CI 81.7%, 95.7%) at 5 years; no patient in this subset developed metastatic disease. Clavien-Dindo >1 complications were recorded in 14/369 procedures (3.8%) and were related to age >70 years, tumor size >4 cm and use of >2 cryoprobes.

Conclusion
Cryoablation performed across four different centers in a large cohort of predominantly small renal tumors showed that this technique provides good recurrence-free survival rates and overall survival rates at three- and five-year with very low major complications rate.
Echocardiographic diagnosis of atrial cardiomyopathy allows outcome prediction following pulmonary vein isolation
Authors: Eichenlaub Martin , Mueller-Edenborn Bjoern , Minners Jan , Allgeier Martin , Lehrmann Heiko , Allgeier Juergen , Trenk Dietmar , Neumann Franz-Josef , Jander Nikolaus , Arentz Thomas , Jadidi Amir 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Relevant atrial cardiomyopathy (ACM), defined as a left atrial (LA) low-voltage area ≥ 2 cm2 at 0.5 mV threshold on endocardial contact mapping, is associated with new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF), higher arrhythmia recurrence rates after pulmonary vein isolation (PVI), and an increased risk of stroke. The current study aimed to assess two non-invasive echocardiographic parameters, LA emptying fraction (EF) and LA longitudinal strain (LAS, during reservoir (LASr), conduit (LAScd) and contraction phase (LASct)) for the diagnosis of ACM and prediction of arrhythmia outcome after PVI.

Methods
We prospectively enrolled 60 consecutive, ablation-naive patients (age 66 ± 9 years, 80% males) with persistent AF. In 30 patients (derivation cohort), LA-EF and LAS cut-off values for the presence of relevant ACM (high-density endocardial contact mapping in sinus rhythm prior to PVI at 3000 ± 1249 sites) were established in sinus rhythm and tested in a validation cohort (n = 30). Arrhythmia recurrence within 12 months was documented using 72-h Holter electrocardiograms.

Results
An LA-EF of < 34% predicted ACM with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.846 (sensitivity 69.2%, specificity 76.5%) similar to a LASr < 23.5% (AUC 0.878, sensitivity 92.3%, specificity 82.4%). In the validation cohort, these cut-offs established the correct diagnosis of ACM in 76% of patients (positive predictive values 87%/93% and negative predictive values 73%/75%, respectively). Arrhythmia recurrence in the entire cohort was significantly more frequent in patients with LA-EF < 34% and LASr < 23.5% (56% vs. 29% and 55% vs. 26%, both p < 0.05).

Conclusion
The echocardiographic parameters LA-EF and LAS allow accurate, non-invasive diagnosis of ACM and prediction of arrhythmia recurrence after PVI.

Graphic abstract
Are visual working memory and episodic memory distinct processes? Insight from stroke patients by lesion-symptom mapping
Authors: Lugtmeijer Selma , Geerligs Linda , de Leeuw Frank Erik , de Haan Edward H. F. , Kessels Roy P. C. ,   on behalf of The Visual Brain Group, Smits Anouk R. , Schmand Ben A. , de Haan Edward H. F. , de Leeuw Frank Erik , Luijckx Gert jan , Scholte H. Steven , Spikman Joke M. , Kappelle L. Jaap , Geerligs Linda , van Zandvoort Martine J. E. , Caan Matthan W. A. , Raemaekers Matthijs A. H. L. L. , Prokop Mathias , Ramsey Nick F. , Lammers Nikki A. , van den Berg Nils S. , Seijdel Noor , Nederkoorn Paul J. , Huitema Rients B. , Kentridge Bob , Kessels Roy P. C. , Lugtmeijer Selma , Pinto Yair 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWorking memory and episodic memory are two different processes, although the nature of their interrelationship is debated. As these processes are predominantly studied in isolation, it is unclear whether they crucially rely on different neural substrates. To obtain more insight in this, 81 adults with sub-acute ischemic stroke and 29 elderly controls were assessed on a visual working memory task, followed by a surprise subsequent memory test for the same stimuli. Multivariate, atlas- and track-based lesion-symptom mapping (LSM) analyses were performed to identify anatomical correlates of visual memory. Behavioral results gave moderate evidence for independence between discriminability in working memory and subsequent memory, and strong evidence for a correlation in response bias on the two tasks in stroke patients. LSM analyses suggested there might be independent regions associated with working memory and episodic memory. Lesions in the right arcuate fasciculus were more strongly associated with discriminability in working memory than in subsequent memory, while lesions in the frontal operculum in the right hemisphere were more strongly associated with criterion setting in subsequent memory. These findings support the view that some processes involved in working memory and episodic memory rely on separate mechanisms, while acknowledging that there might also be shared processes.
The Emotions in Cultural-Historical Activity Theory: Personality, Emotion and Motivation in Social Relations and Activity
Authors: Burkitt Ian 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article conceptualizes human emotion as formed within the cultural and historical development of each individual within their society, using theories of emotion created within cultural-historical activity theory (CHAT). It examines how the process of the cultural formation of emotion takes place as part of the social development of the personality, intimately tied in with motivation, need and desire. In doing this I review ideas about emotion in the work of the two founding thinkers of cultural-historical activity theory, L. S. Vygotsky and A. N. Leontyev; however, for different reasons their work has its limits in creating a contemporary understanding of emotion. Moving forward, I draw on more recent work on emotions in the field of CHAT, as well as on the work of M. M. Bakhtin, to create a more embodied understanding of the cultural-historical formation of the emotions as part of the dynamics of personality as a whole, including its conscious and unconscious elements.
Integrating Food Sensitive Planning and Urban Design into Urban Governance Actions
Authors: Haysom Gareth 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFood access, stability and utilisation are key dimensions of food security at an urban scale. When the majority resided in rural areas, and lived predominantly agrarian lifestyles, it made sense for the state to govern food security through national agricultural ministries, focusing predominantly on the availability dimension of food security. With the transition to a majority urban world, coupled with the food security challenges currently experienced in urban areas, specifically in Africa, these historical policy and governance structures are increasingly inadequate in responding to essential food and nutrition needs. Problematically, urban areas, and specifically urban managers, cite unfunded mandates, and absent authority, as the reasons for not engaging food and nutrition governance responses. This paper argues that this is a false position. Drawing on recent data from household food security and poverty surveys, the paper calls for new and expanded planning and design approaches at the urban scale. The paper argues that spatial planning and urban design principles and actions provide an immediate and effective means through which to engage urban food system questions. Importantly these actions are essential to the transition from the current piecemeal project responses to urban food system inadequacies. Food sensitive planning and urban design is offered as a specific approach that could assist in programming food system–related challenges at the urban scale, responding to conceptual, analytical, organisational and design related dimensions of planning, and in so doing offering a longer term, systematic response to urban food insecurity.
Lichnerowicz-Obata Estimate, Almost Parallel p-form and Almost Product Manifolds
Authors: Aino Masayuki 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe show a Lichnerowicz-Obata type estimate for the first eigenvalue of the Laplacian ofn-dimensional closed Riemannian manifolds with an almost parallelp-form ($$2\le p \le n/2$$2≤p≤n/2) in$$L^2$$L2-sense, and give a Gromov-Hausdorff approximation to a product$$S^{n-p}\times X$$Sn-p×Xunder some pinching conditions when$$2\le p<n/2$$2≤p<n/2.
The ABC of Primary Care for University Students: a 3-Step Structured Approach at Geneva University Hospitals
Authors: Pernin Thomas , Dominicé Dao Melissa , Cheval Boris , Courvoisier Delphine , Haller Dagmar M. , Narring Françoise , Farinelli Tiziana , Gaspoz Jean-Michel , Jackson Yves , Guessous Idris 
Published: April 2021

AbstractUniversity and college students present specific health issues with vulnerabilities related to mental health and sexual health, risk-taking behaviors, and delayed access to primary care. A new student outpatient clinic was created in September 2016 at Geneva University Hospitals to respond to the health needs of this population. We present here the clinical management framework developed for a primary care consultation with students. A 3-step approach (ABC) was designed by expert consensus using different sources. A post-consultation satisfaction survey was conducted among students attending the clinic. The approach proposed 3 steps comprising general information, social evaluation, and preventive care. The importance of offering modern means of communication (online appointments, email exchanges with clinicians) was emphasized by experts. The question of cultural identity and connectedness was also addressed, especially for international students or those coming from a different Swiss region. In November 2018, a survey conducted among 128 patients out of 449 consultations showed that 94.5% agreed or totally agreed to recommend the consultation to fellow students, and 89% considered that care providers adequately addressed their specific student-related issues. A specific approach is needed in primary care for university/college students requiring particular competences across several domains. Our findings suggest that our approach is effective to cover the main health challenges faced by students. A comparison of the outcomes of this novel 3-step primary care consultation approach with non-structured approaches should be evaluated in future studies, including clinician’s satisfaction, elements of patient’s participation to governance, and medico-economic aspects.
Estimating zonal Ekman transport along coastal Senegal during passage of Hurricane Fred, 30–31 August 2015
Authors: Dieng Abdou Lahat , Ndoye Siny , Jenkins Gregory S. , Sall Saïdou M. , Gaye Amadou T. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe examine the role of zonal Ekman transport along the coast of Senegal on 30 August 2015 when the tropical disturbance associated with Tropical Cyclone Fred was located to the west of Senegal, causing considerable coastal damage in the southern Senegal–Gambia domain (south of Dakar, Senegal). Ten-meter winds from three Weather Research and Forecast model simulations were used to estimate zonal Ekman transport, when the maximum values were found on 30 August. These simulations are in agreement with limited coastal observations showing increasing southerly wind speeds during 30 August but overestimated relative to the three coastal stations. The strong meridional winds translate into increased zonal Ekman transport to the coast of Senegal on 30 August and are likely responsible for some coastal flooding. Ekman transport along the coast contributes significantly to the water-level variations during swell events. The use of a coupled ocean model will improve the estimates of Ekman transport along the Guinea-Senegalese coast. The observed damage suggests that artificial and natural barriers (mangroves) should be strengthened to protect coastal communities in Senegal.
Real-time 2D–3D door detection and state classification on a low-power device
Authors: Ramôa João Gaspar , Lopes Vasco , Alexandre Luís A. , Mogo S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we propose three methods for door state classification with the goal to improve robot navigation in indoor spaces. These methods were also developed to be used in other areas and applications since they are not limited to door detection as other related works are. Our methods work offline, in low-powered computers as the Jetson Nano, in real-time with the ability to differentiate between open, closed and semi-open doors. We use the 3D object classification, PointNet, real-time semantic segmentation algorithms such as, FastFCN, FC-HarDNet, SegNet and BiSeNet, the object detection algorithm, DetectNet and 2D object classification networks, AlexNet and GoogleNet. We built a 3D and RGB door dataset with images from several indoor environments using a 3D Realsense camera D435. This dataset is freely available online. All methods are analysed taking into account their accuracy and the speed of the algorithm in a low powered computer. We conclude that it is possible to have a door classification algorithm running in real-time on a low-power device.
Balloon sinuplasty: two-year follow up using Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-22 outcomes
Authors: Sinnott J , Chisholm E 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundBalloon sinuplasty is a relatively new surgical technology proposed as a less invasive way of treating chronic rhinosinusitis and frontal sinus disease. It is crucial to monitor safety and efficacy to allow informed clinical decisions and appropriate counselling of patients. There are few papers with long-term follow up.MethodPatients were selected for surgery based on symptoms of frontal pain and pressure or headache, pre-operative Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-22 scores, and computed tomography findings. All were resistant to appropriate medical therapy. Balloon sinuplasty was performed followed by a Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-22 questionnaire at two months and then two years.ResultsAll patients underwent successful operations with no failure of technology or technique. There were no significant complications. The average Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-22 score reduced from 46 pre-operatively (standard error: +/− 5.7, n = 9) to 23 at 2 months (standard error: +/− 7.6, n = 7). At 2 years, the average Sino-Nasal Outcome Test score was 23 (standard error: +/− 4.3, n = 6). There was an even larger lasting benefit when pain or pressure symptoms were analysed in isolation.ConclusionThis study adds to the evidence of technique safety and feasibility. The procedure resulted in a significant long-term improvement in symptoms.
Beyond Abortion: The Potential Reach of a Human Life Amendment
Authors: Westfall David 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn Roe v. Wade, the Supreme Court held that the constitutionally protected right to privacy includes a woman's right to terminate pregnancy. Following the decision, anti-abortion groups turned to Congress to limit or negate that right. As a result of their efforts, several "human life" statutes and constitutional amendments have been proposed. This Article focuses on the implications of proposed amendments that seek to ban or limit the availability of abortions indirectly by broadening the definition of "person" to include unborn individuals. The Article discusses the potentally serious effects such an amendment would have in areas unrelated to abortion. It finds that the resulting chaos and uncertainty would have great social costs, and concludes that if abortions are to be banned or restricted, a human life amendment that directly deals with abortion is preferable to one that defines "person" to include the unborn.
City of Revere v. Massachusetts General Hospital: Government Responsibility for an Arrestee's Medical Care
Authors: Contente William 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCity of Revere v. Massachusetts General Hospital presented the United States Supreme Court with its first opportunity to consider whether a state or municipality has a constitutional duty to pay for medical treatment received by an individual in police custody. The Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts had held that the city had an eighth amendment duty to pay for an arrestee's treatment. The U.S. Supreme Court reversed, observing that eighth amendment rights and duties are not implicated prior to conviction and that fourteenth amendment due process concerns were met once the arrestee received adequate medical care. No obligation to pay arises, the Court held, absent a specific state law provision requiring such payment. Because arrestees are subject to physical restraints similar to those imposed on convicted prisoners, this Case Comment argues that courts undertaking to determine the scope of a state's duty to provide treatment to arrestees should apply a due process standard which draws upon eighth amendment analysis. The Comment concludes that under such an eighth amendment equivalence approach, no duty to pay arises because the state's failure to pay the health care provider does not reflect "deliberate indifference" towards the recipient of the treatment.
Postoperative radiotherapy for pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS): case series and literature review
Authors: Al-Hajri T. , Al-Madailwi K. , Riromar J. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Purpose:
Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is a rare benign proliferative disease of the synovium with locally aggressive behaviour. We reviewed our experience using external beam radiotherapy (RT) in the treatment of PVNS.

Method:
We report five cases of PVNS who underwent Arthroscopic Synovectomy followed by postoperative RT in National Oncology centre in Oman. The total dose RT ranges between 30 and 36 Gray (Gy) Three-dimensional radiotherapy technique.

Conclusion:
Postoperative RT is effective in preventing disease recurrence and should be offered following maximal cytoreduction to enhance local control in PVNS.