bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gene family expansions and transcriptome signatures uncover fungal adaptations to wood decay
Authors: Hage Hayat , Miyauchi Shingo , Virágh Máté , Drula Elodie , Min Byoungnam , Chaduli Delphine , Navarro David , Favel Anne , Norest Manon , Lesage‐Meessen Laurence , Bálint Balázs , Merényi Zsolt , de Eugenio Laura , Morin Emmanuelle , Martínez Angel T. , Baldrian Petr , Štursová Martina , Martínez María Jesús , Novotny Cenek , Magnuson Jon K. , Spatafora Joey W. , Maurice Sundy , Pangilinan Jasmyn , Andreopoulos Willian , LaButti Kurt , Hundley Hope , Na Hyunsoo , Kuo Alan , Barry Kerrie , Lipzen Anna , Henrissat Bernard , Riley Robert , Ahrendt Steven , Nagy László G. , Grigoriev Igor V. , Martin Francis , Rosso Marie‐Noëlle 
Published: February 2021

SummaryBecause they comprise some of the most efficient wood‐decayers, Polyporales fungi impact carbon cycling in forest environment. Despite continuous discoveries on the enzymatic machinery involved in wood decomposition, the vision on their evolutionary adaptation to wood decay and genome diversity remains incomplete. We combined the genome sequence information from 50 Polyporales species, including 26 newly sequenced genomes and sought for genomic and functional adaptations to wood decay through the analysis of genome composition and transcriptome responses to different carbon sources. The genomes of Polyporales from different phylogenetic clades showed poor conservation in macrosynteny, indicative of genome rearrangements. We observed different gene family expansion/contraction histories for plant cell wall degrading enzymes in core polyporoids and phlebioids and captured expansions for genes involved in signalling and regulation in the lineages of white rotters. Furthermore, we identified conserved cupredoxins, thaumatin‐like proteins and lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases with a yet uncharacterized appended module as new candidate players in wood decomposition. Given the current need for enzymatic toolkits dedicated to the transformation of renewable carbon sources, the observed genomic diversity among Polyporales strengthens the relevance of mining Polyporales biodiversity to understand the molecular mechanisms of wood decay.
Dysfunction of complement receptors CR3 (CD11b/18) and CR4 (CD11c/18) in pre‐eclampsia: a genetic and functional study
Authors: Lokki AI , Teirilä L , Triebwasser M , Daly E , Bhattacharjee A , Uotila L , Llort Asens M , Kurki MI , Perola M , Auro K , Salmon JE , Daly M , Atkinson JP , Laivuori H , Fagerholm S , Meri S ,   Finnpec
Published: February 2021

ObjectiveTo study genetic variants and their function within genes coding for complement receptors in pre‐eclampsia.DesignA case–control study.SettingPre‐eclampsia is a common vascular disease of pregnancy. The clearance of placenta‐derived material is one of the functions of the complement system in pregnancy.PopulationWe genotyped 500 women with pre‐eclamptic pregnancies and 190 pregnant women without pre‐eclampsia, as controls, from the FINNPEC cohort, and 122 women with pre‐eclamptic pregnancies and 1905 controls from the national FINRISK cohort.MethodsThe functional consequences of genotypes discovered by targeted exomic sequencing were explored by analysing the binding of the main ligand iC3b to mutated CR3 or CR4, which were transiently expressed on the surface of COS‐1 cells.Main outcome measuresAllele frequencies were compared between pre‐eclamptic pregnancies and controls in genetic studies. The functional consequences of selected variants were measured by binding assays.ResultsThe most significantly pre‐eclampsia‐linked CR3 variant M441K (P = 4.27E‐4, OR = 1.401, 95% CI = 1.167–1.682) displayed a trend of increased adhesion to iC3b (P = 0.051). The CR4 variant A251T was found to enhance the adhesion of CR4 to iC3b, whereas W48R resulted in a decrease of the binding of CR4 to iC3b.ConclusionsResults suggest that changes in complement‐facilitated phagocytosis are associated with pre‐eclampsia. Further studies are needed to ascertain whether aberrant CR3 and CR4 activity leads to altered pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokine responses in individuals carrying the associated variants, and the role of these receptors in pre‐eclampsia pathogenesis.Tweetable abstractGenetic variants of complement receptors CR3 and CR4 have functional consequences that are associated with pre‐eclampsia.
The Montreal Criteria and uterine transplants in transgender women
Authors: Balayla Jacques , Pounds Pauline , Lasry Ariane , Volodarsky‐Perel Alexander , Gil Yaron 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEver since its first documented live birth in 2014, the use of uterine transplantation (UTx) for the treatment of absolute uterine factor infertility (UFI) has seen major clinical advances, which include the use of alternative surgical approaches, different donor states, and diverse patient populations. In addition to the thorough research programs that developed the technique, this accomplishment has occurred in large part following a number of ethical frameworks, such as the Montreal Criteria and the Indianapolis Consensus, which paved the way to transition from experimental animal trials to human ones. To date, over 60 uterine transplants have been performed in the world, and at least 18 births have been thus far confirmed. While the procedure remains experimental, the vast knowledge and procedural experience amassed over the last 20 years of rigorous research have hinted at the next step of discovery. In particular, advancing social circumstances have prompted the question regarding the use of this technology in transgender individuals. Though the potential use of uterine transplants in the transgender population has been hypothesized, no in‐depth ethical framework has been developed towards this purpose. Herein, we explore the ethical issues revolving around the use of this technology in this patient population and provide key insights that may advance this cause.
Long‐term and long‐distance deformation in submarine volcanoclastic sediments: Coupling of hydrogeology and debris avalanche emplacement off W Martinique Island
Authors: Llopart Jaume , Lafuerza Sara , Le Friant Anne , Urgeles Roger , Watremez Louise 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWest off Martinique (Lesser Antilles), the Grenada Basin submarine sediments were affected by the emplacement of Debris Avalanche Deposits (DAD). Montagne Pelée Volcano has experienced three major flank collapses during the last ca. 127 kyrs, resulting in a cumulated volume of up to 300 km3 offshore. Using a combination of geophysical and geotechnical data, we investigate the effect of these debris avalanches emplacements on the basin hydrogeology and their relationship with the observed sediment deformation in the seismic and coring data. The geotechnical test carried on IODP‐340 cores samples reveal four sediment types within the basin with distinctive mechanical and hydraulic properties: proximal volcanoclastics, distal volcanoclastics, hemipelagic and ash‐rich sediments. These results, together with margin stratigraphic models obtained from seismic reflection data, were used as inputs for the numerical finite‐element model. This model shows that the coupling of the sediment properties with the mid‐ to low‐sedimentation rates results in the development of low overpressures prior to the first flank collapse at 127 ka. However, the emplacement of the first two DADs, between 127 and 36 ka, developed high overpressures ratios (λ* > 0.9) in the easternmost part of the Grenada Basin. According to the model, the sudden compaction of the pre‐existing sediments due to the DADs load created fluid flow velocities up to 7 times higher than the hydraulic conductivities, which would have thus reduced the sediment bearing capacities and shear strength, favouring their mobilization and deformation. From 127 to 36 ka, the sea‐floor sediments suffered a long‐term deformation driven by the combination of the weight of the emplaced material and the persistence of high overpressure ratios through time. This deformation propagated tens of kilometres away from the DAD’s emplacement and it is possible that still continues today due to the persistence of low overpressure ratios. This long‐term and long‐distance deformation and persisted overpressures are a key factor to take into account in the framework of a geohazards evaluation in areas recurrently affected by earthquakes and volcanic flank collapses.
Quantitative analysis of proteome dynamics in a mouse model of asthma
Authors: Funke Lukas , Gnipp Stefanie , Ahrens Maike , Eisenacher Martin , Peters Marcus , Sitek Barbara , Bracht Thilo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundAsthma is an inflammatory disease of the respiratory system, and a major factor of increasing health care costs worldwide. The molecular actors leading to the development of chronic asthma are not fully understood and require further investigation.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to monitor the proteome dynamics during asthma development from early inflammatory to late fibrotic stages.MethodsA mouse asthma model was used to analyse the lung proteome at four time points during asthma development (0 weeks = control, 5, 8 and 12 weeks of treatment, n = 6 each). The model was analysed using lung function tests, immune cell counting and histology. Furthermore, a multi‐fraction mass spectrometry‐based proteome analysis was performed to achieve a comprehensive coverage and quantification of the lung proteome.ResultsAt early stages, the mice showed predominant eosinophilic inflammation of the airways, which disappeared at later stages and was replaced by marked airway hyper‐reactivity and fibrosis of the airways. 3325 proteins were quantified with 435 proteins found to be significantly differentially abundant between the experimental groups (ANOVA p‐value ≤.05, maximum fold change ≥1.5). We applied hierarchical clustering to identify common protein abundance profiles along the asthma development and analysed these clusters using gene ontology annotation and enrichment analysis. We demonstrate the correlation of protein clusters with the course of asthma development, that is eosinophilic inflammation and fibrotic remodelling of the airways.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceProteome analysis revealed proteins that were previously described to be important during asthma chronification. Moreover, we identified additional proteins previously not described in the context of asthma. We provide a comprehensive data set of a long‐term mouse model of asthma that may contribute to a better understanding and allow new insights into the progression and development of chronic asthma. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD011159.
Perceived influence over marine conservation: Determinants and implications of empowerment
Authors: Nuno Ana , Matos Litoney , Metcalfe Kristian , Godley Brendan J. , Broderick Annette C. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractUnderstanding empowerment is integral to facilitating sustainable use policies and requires assessing potential drivers. However, critical applications are rare in conservation. Using the island of Príncipe (São Tomé and Príncipe) as a case study, we undertook household surveys (N = 869) to assess potential drivers of psychological empowerment towards conservation, measured as the perceived abilities of people to individually or collectively influence marine conservation outcomes, accounting for gender. Law enforcement, collective influence, freedom of choice and action, environmental condition and living in coastal community were key variables for understanding perceived personal influence. In particular, no‐fishing areas and raising awareness about sustainable practices were recommended by those with higher self‐perceived influence. Such information on target groups and factors to promote is essential for facilitating empowerment towards conservation and laying robust foundations for resource comanagement, especially given the role communities can play in the face of limited state capacity and enforcement.
Caregivers use gesture contingently to support word learning
Authors: Cheung Rachael W. , Hartley Calum , Monaghan Padraic 
Published: February 2021

AbstractChildren learn words in environments where there is considerable variability, both in terms of the number of possible referents for novel words, and the availability of cues to support word‐referent mappings. How caregivers adapt their gestural cues to referential uncertainty has not yet been explored. We tested a computational model of cross‐situational word learning that examined the value of a variable gesture cue during training across conditions of varying referential uncertainty. We found that gesture had a greater benefit for referential uncertainty, but unexpectedly also found that learning was best when there was variability in both the environment (number of referents) and gestural cue use. We demonstrated that these results are reflected behaviourally in an experimental word‐learning study involving children aged 18–24‐month‐olds and their caregivers. Under similar conditions to the computational model, caregivers not only used gesture more when there were more potential referents for novel words, but children also learned best when there was some referential ambiguity for words. Thus, caregivers are sensitive to referential uncertainty in the environment and adapt their gestures accordingly, and children are able to respond to environmental variability to learn more robustly. These results imply that training under variable circumstances may actually benefit learning, rather than hinder it.
Children’s altruism following acute stress: The role of autonomic nervous system activity and social support
Authors: Alen Nicholas V. , Deer LillyBelle K. , Karimi Mona , Feyzieva Elis , Hastings Paul D. , Hostinar Camelia E. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAltruistic behavior after stress exposure may have important health and psychological benefits, in addition to broader societal consequences. However, so far experimental research on altruism following acute stress has been limited to adult populations. The current study utilized an experimental design to investigate how altruistic donation behavior among children may be influenced by (a) exposure to an acute social stressor, the Trier Social Stress Test modified for use with children (TSST‐M), (b) individual differences in stress physiology, and (c) social support from a parent. The sample consisted of 180 children (54.9% male, 45.1% female; mean age = 9.92 years, SD = 0.56 years) randomly assigned to one of three conditions involving the TSST‐M: (a) prepare for the TSST‐M alone, (b) prepare for the TSST‐M with a parent, and (c) no‐stress control group. Results revealed that children made larger donations post‐stressor if they were alone before the acute stressor, if they had moderate cardiac autonomic balance, reflecting both parasympathetic and sympathetic influence, and if they were older. Children who prepared for the TSST‐M with social support from a parent made comparable donations as children in the no‐stress control group, in accord with stress buffering models. Increased altruism following acute stress among children suggests that a comprehensive understanding of the human stress response needs to incorporate “tend‐and‐befriend” behavior—the tendency for humans to show increased altruistic behavior during times of distress.
Rapidly increasing eco‐certification coverage transforming management of world’s tuna fisheries
Authors: Schiller Laurenne , Bailey Megan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTuna support some of the world's largest, most valuable and spatially extensive fisheries, but effective management has been challenging due to their transboundary movements and the need for multilateral decision‐making. To address public concerns of over‐exploitation, fishing companies have sought to differentiate themselves through involvement in “sustainable seafood” eco‐certification programmes. Here, we show that the volume associated with such initiatives for tuna increased 237‐fold between 2007 and 2019. Today, 2.31 million tonnes (47%) of the global tuna catch comes from fisheries holding or seeking Marine Stewardship Council eco‐certification. This is due to a 57‐fold increase in the number of fisheries engaged in the eco‐certification process. Crucially, this growth is also correlated with a concurrent 14‐fold increase in the adoption of harvest strategies by Regional Fisheries Management Organizations (RFMOs). Semi‐structured interviews with a broad range of RFMO stakeholders corroborate that the rapid uptake of harvest strategies is largely attributable to pressure from fishing companies needing to meet eco‐certification requirements; over 90% of respondents had directly observed or speculated on this type of advocacy. These results suggest the tuna fishing industry and associated seafood supply chain actors are now playing an unprecedented role in shaping the international governance of these species.
INNOVATION AND DIFFUSION OF MEDICAL TREATMENT
Authors: Hamilton Barton H. , Hincapié Andrés , Miller Robert A. , Papageorge Nicholas W. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe develop and estimate a dynamic structural model of demand in a setting where product characteristics endogenously evolve in response to aggregate consumer choices. The direction and speed of innovation are inefficient because individuals do not account for their influence on innovation, creating an externality. Our application focuses on drugs invented to combat human immunodeficiency virus; they differ in their efficacy and propensity to cause side effects. We find that the externality is quantitatively important; temporarily subsidizing the experimental treatment would have increased average social welfare by improving average health and would have reduced inequality in lifetime utility across health groups.
Factors influencing the quality of life over a 4‐year period of time in Romanian patients with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Vonica Camelia Larisa , Gâvan Norina Alinta , Cosma Daniel‐Tudor , Sima Diana Iulia , Vinik Etta Johanna , Vinik Aaron , Veresiu Andrei Ioan , Bondor Cosmina‐Ioana 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimTo evaluate the changes in quality of life (QOL), diabetic neuropathy (DN) and amputations over 4 years in patients with diabetes.MethodsIn 2012, 25,000 Romanian‐translated Norfolk QOL‐DN self‐administered questionnaires were distributed during a cross‐sectional study. Between March‐December 2016, all patients identified from the 2012 cohort and enrolled in this follow‐up study completed the Norfolk QOL‐DN questionnaire; amputations suffered since 2012 were recorded. The influence of age and duration of diabetes (DD) on delta QOL scores (defined as the differences between 2012 and 2016 scores) and of sex, age, diabetes type, DD and declared DN on amputations was explored using multivariate linear and logistic regression, respectively.ResultsThe mean (standard deviation) age of the 1865 participants was 60.6 (10.3) years. Mean total QOL‐DN score increased from 2012 to 2016 by 4.39% (P = .079). Both DD (b = 0.39, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.21‐0.57, P < .001) and age (b = 0.25, 95% CI 0.13‐0.36, P < .001) were significantly correlated with total QOL‐DN score. Delta total QOL was higher in patients whose statement about having DN changed since 2012. Over 4 years, 36 patients suffered amputations. Male sex (OR = 3.11, 95% CI 1.46‒6.62, P = .003), physical functioning/large‐fibre neuropathy subscale score (OR = 1.04, 95% CI 1.001‒1.09, P = .047), autonomic neuropathy subscale score (OR = 0.78, 95% CI 0.64‒0.94, P = .011) and small‐fibre neuropathy subscale score (OR = 1.21, 95% CI 1.05‒1.40, P = .007) were significant predictors of amputations. Delta total QOL‐DN score was 10 times higher in patients who suffered amputation(s) compared with their amputation‐free counterparts.ConclusionQOL deteriorates with age and DD. Norfolk QOL‐DN subscale scores can predict amputations.
Effect of verbal counselling on metred‐dose inhaler proper use and lung function test amongst asthmatic patients: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Abdelrahman Mona A. , Saeed Haitham , Osama Hasnaa , Harb Hadeer S. , Madney Yasmin M. , Abdelrahim Mohamed E. A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe main cause of poor asthma control is mostly related to the inability of the asthmatic subjects to use their metred‐dose inhaler (pMDI) correctly. The present study aimed to evaluate the role of contentious pMDI verbal‐counselling on the pMDI inhalation technique and pulmonary functions of asthmatics.MethodsThrough a systematic literature search up to December 2020, 10 studies with 1937 asthmatic subjects, who had at least two pMDI inhalation technique verbal counselling sessions (visits), were identified reporting relationships between contentious pMDI verbal counselling, and the number of inhalation technique mistakes and lung functions score. Mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was calculated comparing counselling visits results using the continuous method with a random effect model.ResultsVisit 1 had a significantly higher mean number of mistakes compared with visit 2 (MD, 19.98; 95% CI, 11.54‐28.41, P < .001); Also, visit 2 had a significantly higher mean number of mistakes compared with visit 3 (MD, 12.17; 95% CI, 9.31‐15.02, P < .001). The extent of improvement in the inhalation technique was higher between visits 1 and 2 compared with that between visits 2 and 3. The impact of continuous verbal counselling was also observed on the forced expiratory volume in one second as percentage of vital capacity [(MD, −5.56; 95% CI, −6.50 to −4.61, P < .001) between visits 1 and 2 and (MD, −6.40; 95% CI, −7.71 to −5.10, P < .001) between visits 2 and 3] and the peak expiratory flow rate [(MD, −11.47; 95% CI, −18.73 to −4.22, P < .001) between visits 1 and 2 and (MD, −16.53; 95% CI, −25.80 to −7.26, P < .001) between visits 2 and 3]. The extent of improvement in lung functions was similar between visits 1 and 2 and visits 2 and 3.ConclusionBased on this meta‐analysis, Continuous pMDI verbal counselling, at every possible opportunity, is a must since lung functions and pMDI inhalation technique improvements were observed with continuous pMDI verbal counselling.
Xeroderma pigmentosum in Yemen
Authors: Khatri Mishri Lal 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe incidence of xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) in Yemen seems to be quite high but there are no previous reports.ObjectiveTo study the clinicoepidemiologic aspect of XP in Yemen.MethodsAll 40 patients (24 male and 16 female patients from 32 families) treated and followed between 1997 and 2014 were subjected to detailed analysis with the help of a standardized protocol. The diagnosis was based on clinical features and histopathologic data, when needed. The diagnosis of tumors was confirmed by histopathologic examination in all cases.ResultsThe median age of onset of initial manifestations was 9.5 months, and that of malignant lesions was 7 years. Parents of the patients were not affected, but history of consanguinity was recorded in 38. Initial lesions, such as dryness of the skin and freckles on the face, were noticed in all patients. In addition, erythema of the face with photosensitivity was observed in 21 patients. Premalignant and malignant skin lesions observed later were actinic keratosis in 15 patients, lentigo maligna in one, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in 10, and basosquamous carcinoma in one. Eyes were affected with SCC in seven and malignant melanoma (MM) in two patients. SCC of the lip developed in two patients and that of the tongue in one patient. Judicious use of acitretin in 12 patients showed good result.ConclusionXP in Yemen is characterized by a relatively high incidence, high percentage of consanguinity in parents of the patients, early onset of initial manifestations, malignant tumors, and severe ocular and oral lesions. Acitretin showed good result.