bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Job Preferences for Social Medicine and Health care Management PhD Students in China: A Discrete Choice Experiment
Authors: Liu Shimeng , Chen Yingyao , Li Shunping , Xu Ningze , Tang Chengxiang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: The shortage of public health workforce and its uneven distribution between developed and underdeveloped areas still exist in China’s health system. This study aimed to investigate PhD students majoring in social medicine and health care management (SMHCM)’s stated preferences when choosing a job, so as to inform policy-makers regarding alternative interventions to address recruitment and retention problems at underdeveloped areas.Methods: The relative importance of 7 job attributes was assessed by conducting a web-based discrete choice experiment (DCE) survey on a sample of 193 SMHCM PhD students at different grades during October 20 and November 12, 2020. The 7 attributes were monthly income, location, housing, children’s education, working environment, career promotion and Bianzhi (which refers to the authorized number of personnel (the number of established posts) in a party or government administrative organ). Results: All 7 attributes were statistically significant with the expected sign and demonstrated the existence of preference heterogeneity. Monthly income, location and Bianzhi were of most concern for SMHCM PhD students when deciding their future jobs. Among the presented attributes, working environment was of least concern. For the sub-group analysis, the job in first-tier city was more likely to lead to a higher utility value for PhD students who were women, married, coming from urban area and has high annual family income. Compared with female PhD students, male PhD students were willing to pay more for a shorter time to get promoted.Conclusions: Both monetary and non-monetary attributes were found to be significantly influential in affecting PhD students’ preferences for choosing a job. Wider use of choice experiments can help improve the recruitment and retention of health workforce at disease control system, especially in third-tier cities where resource constraints preclude the use of all strategies.
Relationships Between Placental Lipid Transporters and Macrosomia in Healthy Pregnancy
Authors: Han Ying , Wang Chenchen , Ye Yan , Ding MiaoMiao , Ni Lifang , Zheng Tian , Wang Yuhuan , Yan Hongtao , Yang Xinjun 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Macrosomia is a serious public health problem worldwide, the underlying etiology and mechanism of macrosomia born to healthy mothers are still unclear. Abnormal lipid transport during pregnancy exerts potential and adverse impacts on fetus, our study aimed to assess associations between macrosomia and placental expression levels of lipid transport-related genes and umbilical cord blood lipid concentrations in healthy pregnancy.Methods: We conducted a case-control study of 38 macrosomia and 39 normal-birth-weight newborns in healthy pregnancy. Cord blood lipid levels were measured by automatic biochemical analyzer, mRNA and protein expression levels of placental lipid transport-related factors were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot, respectively. Results: The single factor analysis showed that placental mRNA and protein expression levels of PPARα, PPARγ, FABPpm, LXRα, FABP3, FABP4 and FAT/CD36 were significantly higher and cord blood total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations were significantly lower in macrosomia group. Further analysis found that placental PPARγ, FABP4 and FABP3 mRNA expression levels were positively correlated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, NEFA and triglycerides concentrations in macrosomia cord blood, respectively. After multivariate adjustment, the logistic regression analysis showed that high placental PPARα (AOR=3.022; 95%CI:1.032-8.853) and FAT/CD36 (AOR=2.989; 95%CI:1.029-8.679) expression increased the risk of delivering macrosomia. Conclusions: The increase of PPARα and FAT/CD36 mRNA expression levels is associated with the occurrence of macrosomia, suggesting that they may be important regulators during placental lipid transport in macrosomia.
Implementing Strategies at the Workplace Level to Increase Colorectal Cancer Screening Uptake in Public Workers in Argentina: A Controlled Interrupted Time Series Study.
Authors: Bardach Ariel Esteban , Pichón-Riviere Andres , Gibbons Luz , Alonso Juan Pedro , Virgilio Sacha Alexis , Belizán María , Comolli Mariana , González Lucas Angel Damián 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundColorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common neoplasm and the fourth cause of cancer death worldwide. In Argentina, more than 16,000 cases are diagnosed and 8,700 people die each year. The Immunochemical Faecal Occult Blood Test (iFOBT) is recommended for the prevention and early detection of CRC in people of both sexes, between 50 and 75 years old with average-risk. The worksite setting has great potential to improve adherence to preventive interventions. We aimed to design and evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of a strategy implemented in the workplace to improve the rate of adherence to the IFOBT screening in employees of the government’s Revenue Agency of the Province of Buenos Aires (ARBA). MethodsWe used a quasi-experimental research design, a controlled interrupted time-series (ITS). The study period was divided into two-time segments: (1) a 51- month pre-intervention period (July 2015 through September 2018); (2) a 5-month post-intervention period (October 2018 through February 2019). We performed an initial formative research using qualitative research methods (semi-structured interviews, focus groups) in order to inform the design of the intervention and adapt it, to ensure that it is both feasible and implementable by the target population. We fitted segmented linear regression models to evaluate changes in the monthly rates per 10,000 of tests done in ARBA employees, and controlling for the proportion of tests done in non-ARBA workers. ResultsA total of 1552 ARBA employees aged 50 or more participated. Overall, iFOBT mean uptake rates were 16 times higher in the intervened during the five-month intervention period, remaining statistically significant after adjusting by the proportion of tests done in the control group (p <0.001). This observed effect was higher in women aged 50 to 59 years. Activities were suspended due to the Covid-19 pandemic lockdown in the country in 2020.ConclusionsA multifaceted workplace-based intervention helped increase the uptake of CRC screening in public sector employees of the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Achieving high implementation rates requires building a healthy relationship with the partner organization, adding their values and views, and establishing agreed upon mechanisms and realistic timelines.
Leptin Receptor and Prolactin Are Prognostic Factors for Pubertal Disorders in Male Adolescents With Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Villasís-Keever MA. , Zurita-Cruz Jessie , Serret-Montoya Juana , Zepeda-Martinez DC. , Alegria-Torres Gabriela , Barradas-Vazquez Aly Sugey , Hernández-Hernández BC. , Alonso-Flores SR. , Manuel-Apolinar L. , Damasio-Santana L. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Few research studies have assessed chronic kidney disease (CKD) with pubertal disorders (PD) in adolescent boys and limited data are available. Thus, this study was planned to identify the usefulness of assessing hormonal parameters in male adolescents with CKD and their relationship with PD with a 1-y follow-up period.Methods: A prospective cohort study was performed on adolescents with CKD, stages IV and V. We collected information about the age at puberty onset, menarche, and the date of last menstrual period from the subjects’ clinical records and interrogation. A 1-y follow-up was conducted over pubertal development. At the beginning of the follow-up, the routine hormonal profile tests were performed to check the thyroid profile, prolactin level, luteinizing hormone level, follicle-stimulating hormone level, testosterone level, leptin level, and receptor leptin level. We compared the hormonal profiles of patients with and without PD (wPD vs. woPD). Comparisons between the groups were made using Wilcoxon and Fisher's tests. Logistic regression analysis was also performed.Results: Sixty-four patients, including 26 patients who were classified into the wPD group were analyzed. The median age of the study population was 15 y, and the median time for CKD evolution was 11 mon. There were no differences in the general and biochemical characteristics of wPD and woPD subjects. In terms of the hormonal measurements, the levels of prolactin were higher, while those of free leptin and free thyroxine were lower in wPD patients. Leptin receptor levels > 0.90 ng/mL (RR 8.6 p = 0.004) and hyperprolactinemia (RR 21.3 p = 0.049) were risk factors for the development of PD.Conclusions: Leptin receptor levels < 0.90 ng/mL and hyperprolactinemia are associated with the development of PD in male adolescents with CKD.
Characteristics and Clinical Significance of Dome Impaction in Acetabular Fractures
Authors: Wang Pengfei , Fei Chen , Li Zhi , Zhang Binfei , Yang Kun , Cong Yuxuan , Wang Hu , Wei Xing , Fu Yahui , Zhuang Yan , Zhang Kun 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the characteristics of acetabular dome impaction fractures(ADIF) and evaluate the clinical outcomes. MethodsTwenty-two ADIF treated by single surgeon were analyzed. The location and size of impaction was measured through Mimics. Patients’ demographic, characteristic data, surgical data and clinical outcomes were collected. The quality of reduction was assessed using criteria described by Matta. Functional outcomes were evaluated using modified Merle d’Aubigné score and SF-36.Results40.91% of the ADIF located at the posterosuperior quadrant,36.36% of the ADIF located at anterosuperior quadrant, 22.73% of the ADIF involved both areas. The average impacted size was 467.24±308.25mm2. The average percent of the impacted was 17.18±8.94%（impaction size/ lunar surfaces）. At the final follow-up, the rate of excellent and good outcome per Matta’s radiographic grading was 77.27%. The modified Merle d’Aubigné score graded as excellent in 5(22.73%), good in 10(45.45%), fair in 5(22.73%), and poor in 2(9.09%). The mean score of SF-36 was 76.76±20.18. Avascular necrosis (AVN) developed in two patients. Heterotopic ossification(HO) developed in one patient. Sciatic nerve injury developed in one patient. Arthritis developed in one patient. Conclusions﻿The ADIF can locate at the posterosuperior quadrant, the anterosuperior quadrant or involved both areas. Understanding the characteristics of the dome impaction can aid surgeons during reduction and fixation. Meanwhile, good to excellent outcomes and a high degree of patient satisfaction can be achieved in majority of the patients.
Hand Washing Practice Before Covid-19 Pandemic and Associated Factors Among Primary School Children at Hawassa City Sidama Ethiopia
Authors: Tesfaye Sisay , Mulatu Getamesay , Hussen Siraj 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objectivesthe aim of this study was to assess hand washing practice before covid-19 pandemic and associated factors among primary school children, Hawassa City, Sidama, Ethiopia MethodAn institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted at primary schools children in Hawassa city, Sidama Ethiopia from February to October 2019. A total of 739 students were selected using multistage sampling techniques. Information about socio demography and associated factors was collected by structured questionnaire.ResultIn this study, about 399 (54%) of the students wash their hands at critical times. Availability of hand washing material, availability soap/ash, availability water and pear influence (AOR =1.75, 95% CI=1.22, 2.23), (AOR = 3.23, 95% CI =2.02, 5.15), (AOR = 1.76, 95% CI=1.07, 2.89),(AOR=0.32 95% CI=0.101,0.98) had higher odds of washing practice respectively.ConclusionThe magnitude of hand washing practice was low in this study before covid -19 pandemic. In this regard, Poor access to hand washing facilities need to strengthen as intervention efforts. Further, health education promotion for hand washing practice could be done in school by Hawassa city administration Education office and better facilities need to avail by the stakeholders.
Alcohol consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe: a large-scale cross-sectional study in 21 countries
Authors: Kilian Carolin , Rehm Jürgen , Allebeck Peter , Braddick Fleur , Gual Antoni , Barták Miroslav , Bloomfield Kim , Gil Artyom , Neufeld Maria , O'Donnell Amy , Petruželka Benjamin , Rogalewicz Vladimir , Schulte Bernd , Manthey Jakob , COVID-19 with the European Study Group on Alcohol Use and 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Aims: The aim of this project was to investigate changes in alcohol consumption during the first months of the pandemic in Europe as well as its associations with income and experiences of distress related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Design: Cross-sectional online survey conducted between April 24 and July 22 of 2020. Setting: 21 European countries. Participants: 31,964 adults reporting past-year drinking. Measurements: Changes in alcohol consumption were measured by asking respondents about changes during the previous month in their drinking frequency, the quantity they consumed, and incidence of heavy episodic drinking events. Individual indicators were combined into an aggregated consumption-change score and scaled to a possible range: -1 to +1. Using this score as outcome, multilevel linear regressions tested changes in overall drinking, taking into account sampling weights and baseline alcohol consumption (AUDIT-C) and country of residence serving as random intercept. Similar models were conducted for each single consumption-change indicator. Findings: In almost all countries, the consumption-change score indicated alcohol use to decrease on average; except in Ireland and the UK, where alcohol consumption on average remained unchanged or increased, respectively. Decreases in drinking were mostly driven by a reduced frequency of heavy episodic drinking. Declines in consumption were less marked among those with low- or average incomes, and those experiencing distress. Conclusions: Our research suggests alcohol consumption to decline on average during the first months of the pandemic in Europe. The findings suggest both reduced availability of alcohol and increased distress may have affected alcohol consumption, although the former seemed to have a greater impact, at least in terms of immediate effects. Monitoring of mid- and long-term consequences will be crucial in understanding how this public health crisis impacts alcohol consumption.
Exploiting Telerobotics for Sensorimotor Rehabilitation: A Locomotor Embodiment
Authors: Koh Min Hyong , Yen Sheng-Che , Leung Lester Y. , Gans Sarah , Sullivan Keri , Adibnia Yasaman , Pavel Misha , Hasson Christopher J. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Manual treadmill training is used for rehabilitating locomotor impairments but can be physically demanding for trainers. This has been addressed by enlisting robots, but in doing so, the ability of trainers to use their experience and judgment to modulate locomotor assistance on the fly has been lost. This paper explores the feasibility of a telerobotics approach that allows patients to receive physical assistance from robotically augmented trainers.Methods: In the approach, a trainer holds onto a small robotic manipulandum that shadows the motion of a large robotic arm, which is magnetically attached to the leg of a locomoting patient. When the trainer deflects the manipulandum, the robotic arm applies a proportional force to the patient. After an initial evaluation of the telerobotic system’s ability to follow the leg during unassisted locomotion with unimpaired participants, a small feasibility study was performed with six patients with prior strokes. Over six days, the patients interacted with two robotically augmented trainers (separately), who assisted in altering a targeted gait feature: an increase in the affected leg’s swing length. Results: During unassisted walking, unwanted robot interaction forces averaged 3−4 N (swing−stance) for unimpaired individuals and 2−3 N for the patients who survived strokes. Transients averaging about 10 N were sometimes present at heel-strike/toe-off. For five of six patients, these forces increased with treadmill speed during stance (R2 = .99; p < .001) and increased with patient height (R2 = .71; p = .073) during swing. During assisted walking, the trainers applied 3.0 ± 2.8 N (mean ± standard deviation across patients) and 14.1 ± 3.4 N of force anteriorly and upwards, respectively. The patients exhibited a 20 ± 21% increase in unassisted swing length between Days 1−6 (p = .058). Conclusions: The results support the feasibility of locomotor assistance with a telerobotics approach. Simultaneous measurement of trainer manipulative actions, patient motor responses, and the forces associated with these interactions may prove useful for testing sensorimotor rehabilitation hypotheses. Further research with clinicians as operators and randomized controlled trials with more comprehensive outcome measures are needed before conclusions regarding efficacy can be reached.
Work related factors affecting the retention of medical officers in the preventive health sector in Sri Lanka
Authors: Arnold Mahendra , Fernando Dinusha , Wickramanayake Kapila , Karunapema Palitha , Wickramatilake Sepali , Fernando Yamuna , Denawaka Chandani , Mahesh Pasyodun Koralage Buddhika , Panditharathna Sujeewa 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Human resources are the livelihood of all types of organizations. The biggest challenge that organizations are facing today is not only managing these resources but also retaining them. Preventive health sector plays a vital role in the healthcare system. Medical Officers of Health (MOH) are the Medical Officers providing preventive health services in Sri Lanka. This study was carried out to explore the factors affecting retention of Medical Officers of Health in the preventive health sector in Sri Lanka.Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was carried out among Medical Officers of Health in the Colombo district which has 18 MOH Offices with 64 Medical Officers. A pre-tested self-administered questionnaire was used as the study instrument. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, correlation and regression analysis. Results: Of the 74 Medical Officers 64 responded with a response rate of response rate of 86.5%. Regression analysis showed that all four variables; recognition, work schedule, remuneration and responsibility are positively and significantly correlated with retention of Medical Officers of Health in the preventive health sector. The variable ‘work schedule’ showed the highest impact to the retention of Medical Officers of Health.Conclusions: In order to retain trained Medical Officers of Health in the Sri Lankan preventive health sector, health authorities should address the factors that influence retention. If policy makers fail to address these factors the preventive health services will be negative impact due to shortage of key service providers.
Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment and Control of Hypertension in Northern China: a Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Xu Xiaoqian , Bao Han , Tian Zixuan , Zhu Hao , Zhu Lige , Niu Liwei , Yan Tao , Dong Hairong , Fang Xin , Zhang Xingguang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Hypertension has always been a worldwide health concern. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control rates of hypertension among adult residents of northern China, where people usually have a high-fat, high-salt diet and heavy alcohol consumption.Methods: Through the Early Screening and Comprehensive Intervention Project for High Risk Groups of Cardiovascular Diseases in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of northern China, we collected data of 70,380 residents, from September 2015 to June 2017. We assessed the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in the total population and subpopulations.Results: Among participants, only 13.4% had optimal blood pressure levels. About 55.7% (95% confidence interval (CI): 55.3%–56.1%) of the participants had hypertension. The national standardized and the regional standardized prevalence rate was 49.4% and 55.4%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression showed that old age, male, Han, living in rural, farmer, current drinker, not married, diabetes, obesity and dyslipidemia were associated with hypertension. In addition, the awareness, treatment, control and control under treatment rate of hypertension were 52.8% (95% CI: 52.3%–53.3%), 43.3% (95% CI: 42.8%–43.8%), 8.6% (95% CI: 8.3%–8.9%) and 19.8% (95% CI: 19.2%–20.4%), respectively. And the 70,380 population subgroups varied with respect to hypertension prevalence (range 32.6%-73.4%), awareness (35.1%-76.2%), treatment (24.9%-64.6%), control (3.9%-20.4%), and control under treatment (11.2%-31.6%). Controlled hypertension were less common in those younger age, Mongol, not married, farmer and current drinker. Conclusion: Most patients of hypertension are going undetected and uncontrolled in northern China. Even if patients with hypertension are under treatment, hypertension can remain inadequately controlled.
Implikasi Penerapan Sistem Manajemen Mutu ISO 9001:2015 di Madrasah (Studi Kasus di Madrasah Aliyah Nahdlatul Ulama Banat, Kudus, Indonesia)
Authors: Isnaini Siti , Syukur Fatah , Khunaifi Agus 
Published: January 2021

Kompetisi dunia kerja di era global ini tidak hanya terjadi di level nasional melainkan internasional. Realitas ini menuntut lembaga-lembaga pendidikan memiliki kualitas lulusan berstandar internasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji implikasi penerapan Sistem Manajemen Mutu ISO 9001:2015 di Madrasah Aliyah NU Banat Kudus. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, dengan teknik observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data melalui tiga tahap, yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Berdasarkan dari teori Deming, hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pada tahap perencanaan (plan); madrasah merumuskan sasaran mutu, isu-isu internal eksternal, resiko-peluang, serta kebutuhan dan harapan pihak berkepentingan. Tahap pelaksanaan (do); madrasah melakukan komunikasi, sosialisasi dan menggalang dukungan untuk menjamin proses Sistem Manajemen Mutu ISO 9001:2015 di madrasah. Tahap pemeriksaan (check); madrasah melakukan audit internal, audit eksternal dan menyebarkan angket layanan. Tahap peningkatan berkelanjutan (act); madrasah menggunakan hasil angket layanan yang telah disebar dan juga meningkatkan grade dalam sasaran mutu. Implikasi penerapan sistem ini diantaranya terciptanya sinergitas kebutuhan akreditasi madrasah, peningkatan citra madrasah, peningkatan kualitas program, dan peningkatan kedisiplinan