bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Boosting Poisson regression models with telematics car driving data
Authors: Gao Guangyuan , Wang He , Wüthrich Mario V. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWith the emergence of telematics car driving data, insurance companies have started to boost classical actuarial regression models for claim frequency prediction with telematics car driving information. In this paper, we propose two data-driven neural network approaches that process telematics car driving data to complement classical actuarial pricing with a driving behavior risk factor from telematics data. Our neural networks simultaneously accommodate feature engineering and regression modeling which allows us to integrate telematics car driving data in a one-step approach into the claim frequency regression models. We conclude from our numerical analysis that both classical actuarial risk factors and telematics car driving data are necessary to receive the best predictive models. This emphasizes that these two sources of information interact and complement each other.
Pre-Training Acquisition Functions by Deep Reinforcement Learning for Fixed Budget Active Learning
Authors: Taguchi Yusuke , Hino Hideitsu , Kameyama Keisuke 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThere are many situations in supervised learning where the acquisition of data is very expensive and sometimes determined by a user’s budget. One way to address this limitation is active learning. In this study, we focus on a fixed budget regime and propose a novel active learning algorithm for the pool-based active learning problem. The proposed method performs active learning with a pre-trained acquisition function so that the maximum performance can be achieved when the number of data that can be acquired is fixed. To implement this active learning algorithm, the proposed method uses reinforcement learning based on deep neural networks as as a pre-trained acquisition function tailored for the fixed budget situation. By using the pre-trained deep Q-learning-based acquisition function, we can realize the active learner which selects a sample for annotation from the pool of unlabeled samples taking the fixed-budget situation into account. The proposed method is experimentally shown to be comparable with or superior to existing active learning methods, suggesting the effectiveness of the proposed approach for the fixed-budget active learning.
Transvenous phrenic nerve stimulation improves central sleep apnea, sleep quality, and quality of life regardless of prior positive airway pressure treatment
Authors: Schwartz Alan R. , Goldberg Lee R. , McKane Scott , Morgenthaler Timothy I. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Study objective
Positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy for central sleep apnea (CSA) is often poorly tolerated, ineffective, or contraindicated. Transvenous phrenic nerve stimulation (TPNS) offers an alternative, although its impact on previously PAP-treated patients with CSA has not been examined.

Methods
TPNS responses among PAP-naïve and prior PAP-treated patients from the remedē® System Pivotal Trial were assessed. Of 151, 56 (37%) used PAP therapy before enrolling in the trial. Patients were implanted with a TPNS device and randomized to either active or deferred (control) therapy for 6 months before therapy activation. Apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and patient-reported outcomes (PRO) were assessed at baseline, and 6 and 12 months following active therapy.

Results
Patients had moderate-severe CSA at baseline, which was of greater severity and more symptomatic in the PAP-treated vs. PAP-naïve group (median AHI 52/h vs. 38, central apnea index (CAI) 32/h vs. 18, Epworth Sleepiness Scale 13 vs. 10, fatigue severity scale 5.2 vs. 4.5). Twelve months of TPNS decreased AHI to <20/h and CAI to ≤2/h. Both groups showed reductions in daytime sleepiness and fatigue, improved well-being by patient global assessment, and high therapeutic acceptance with 98% and 94% of PAP-treated and PAP-naïve patients indicating they would undergo the implant again. Stimulation produced discomfort in approximately one-third of patients, yet <5% of prior PAP-treated participants discontinued therapy.

Conclusion
Polysomnographic and clinical responses to TPNS were comparable in PAP-naïve and prior PAP-treated CSA patients. TPNS is a viable therapy across a broad spectrum of CSA patients.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT01816776; March 22, 2013
Triaxial Compression on Semi-solid Alloys
Authors: Altuhafi Fatin N. , O’Sullivan Catherine , Sammonds Peter , Su Te-Cheng , Gourlay Christopher M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Multi-axial compression of the mushy zone occurs in various pressurized casting processes. Here, we present a drained triaxial compression apparatus for semi-solid alloys that allow liquid to be drawn into or expelled from the sample in response to isotropic or triaxial compression. The rig is used to measure the pressure-dependent flow stress and volumetric response during isothermal triaxial compression of globular semi-solid Al-15 wt pct Cu at 70 to 85 vol pct solid. Analysis of the stress paths and the stress–volume data show that the combination of the solid fraction and mean effective pressure determines whether the material undergoes shear-induced dilation or contraction. The results are compared with the critical state soil mechanics (CSSM) framework and the similarities and differences in behavior between equiaxed semi-solid alloys and soils are discussed.
Structure Homogeneity and Thermal Stability of Austempered Ductile Iron
Authors: Górny M. , Gondek Ł. , Tyrała E. , Angella G. , Kawalec M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Solid-state transformation during heat treatment is of great practical importance because it significantly affects the final structure, properties, and thermal stability of cast components. The present study highlights the issue of structure formation and its effect on the thermal stability of high-quality cast iron, namely, austempered ductile iron (ADI). In this study, experiments were carried out for castings with a 25-mm-walled thickness and under variable heat treatment conditions, i.e., austenitization and austempering within ranges of 850 °C to 925 °C and 250 °C to 380 °C, respectively. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) investigations were carried out within a range of − 260 °C to + 450 °C to study the structure parameters related to the XRD tests, which provided information related to the phase participation, lattice parameters, and stresses in the microstructure as well as with an expansion of the crystal lattice. The results also provide insight into the role of the structure and its homogeneity on the thermal stability of ADI cast iron. The present work also aims to develop strategies to suppress the formation of blocky-shaped austenite in the ADI structure to maintain a homogeneous microstructure and high thermal stability.
Functionalization of Suspension Sprayed HVOF TiO2 Coatings by Direct Laser Interference Patterning
Authors: Toma Filofteia-Laura , Alamri Sabri , Leupolt Beate , Kunze Tim , Barbosa Maria 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFor more than one decade, suspension spraying has been gaining interest for the development and manufacture of coatings for wide range of applications such as photocatalysis, thermal barrier coatings, wear resistance, biomaterials or superhydrophobicity. Even though these coatings are already promising, a modification of their surface properties can further improve their functionality and lifetime in order to meet the growing requirements on the coating demands. Direct laser interference patterning (DLIP) is a versatile laser technology which allows fabricating microstructures with high flexibility and therefore designing surface properties on a large diversity of materials, including metals, polymers, ceramics and coatings. In this contribution, DLIP technology was applied to texture the surface of suspension sprayed high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) TiO2coatings. In particular, a nanosecond-pulsed laser has been used to produce cross-like patterns and the effect of laser parameters on the coating properties was investigated. The coatings were characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and UV–Vis–IR measurements, and the influence of the laser treatment on the photocatalytic activity and wettability behavior has been investigated. The results showed that the DLIP technology is suitable for designing and tailoring of the surface properties of the suspension sprayed coatings.
Carotenoid Extract Derived from Euglena gracilis Overcomes Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neuroinflammation in Microglia: Role of NF-κB and Nrf2 Signaling Pathways
Authors: Piovan Anna , Filippini Raffaella , Corbioli Giovanni , Costa Vanessa Dalla , Giunco Elisabetta Maria Vittoria , Burbello Gianluca , Pagetta Andrea , Giusti Pietro , Zusso Morena 
Published: March 2021

AbstractActivation of microglia results in the increased production and release of a series of inflammatory and neurotoxic mediators, which play essential roles in structural and functional neuronal damage and in the development and progression of a number of neurodegenerative diseases. The microalga Euglena gracilis (Euglena), rich in vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients, has gained increasing attention due to its antimicrobial, anti-viral, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory activities. In particular, anti-inflammatory properties of Euglena could exert neuroprotective functions in different neurodegenerative diseases related to inflammation. However, the mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory effect of Euglena are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated whether Euglena could attenuate microglia activation and we also studied the mechanism of its anti-inflammatory activity. Our results showed that non-cytotoxic concentrations of a Euglena acetone extract (EAE) downregulated the mRNA expression levels and release of pro-inflammatory mediators, including NO, IL-1β, and TNF-α in LPS-stimulated microglia. EAE also significantly blocked the LPS-induced nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 subunit and increased the mRNA expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Furthermore, the release of pro-inflammatory mediators and NF-κB activation were also blocked by EAE in the presence of ML385, a specific Nrf2 inhibitor. Together, these results show that EAE overcomes LPS-induced microglia pro-inflammatory responses through downregulation of NF-κB and activation of Nrf2 signaling pathways, although the two pathways seem to get involved in an independent manner.
Dealing with the Competition of English-language Export Editions: Voices from the Dutch Trade Book Market
Authors: Trentacosti Giulia , Pilcher Nick 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis project explores the responses of the Dutch trade book market to the ever-increasing influx of Anglophone publications. Based on in-depth interviews (n = 42) carried out between 2015 and 2017 with Dutch publishing professionals, this research identifies the approaches and strategies they adopt to defend their market from the competition of English-language editions. Findings show that the main defence strategy used is to release translations simultaneously with English-language originals, but that this creates significant pressures on both publishers and translators. Concomitantly, there has been an increasing focus on Dutch originals and non-Anglophone books. The strategies and approaches documented in this study may be of interest for scholars and practitioners in relation to other book markets and linguistic areas facing similar circumstances.
Binary mixtures of choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents as green extractants for the extraction of benzene from n-hexane
Authors: Usman Mohammed Awwalu , Fagoroye Olumide Kayode , Ajayi Toluwalase Olufunmilayo , Kehinde Abiola John 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA suitable green solvent for extraction of aromatics from aliphatics must possess good solvation and physicochemical properties, a rare occurrence in a single deep eutectic solvent (DES). Mixture of DESs could enable synergy and provide a good candidate extractant. In this study, DESs of glyceline, ethaline, and reline were synthesized and their binary mixtures (glyceline/ethaline, reline/ethaline, and glyceline/reline) produced by blending in various volume proportions. Twelve of such mixed solvents were prepared and their extraction efficiency for separating benzene from n-hexane investigated in a batch equilibrium process. Liquid–liquid equilibria (LLE) data for the pseudo-ternary systems of n-hexane + benzene + mixed DESs were measured at 303 K and 101.3 kPa. The distribution coefficient (D) and selectivity (S) of each pseudo-ternary system were determined to elicit extraction efficiency. The physicochemical properties of the mixed DESs were also measured. The results show that generally the distribution coefficients, selectivities, and physicochemical properties of the mixed DESs lie between the corresponding values for the constituent DES. The best performance was given by the mixed solvent of glyceline and ethaline in the 80:20 volume ratio, respectively, with D = 0.75 and S = 422.485. This assertion was further corroborated by higher percent recovery of benzene obtained from the said mixed DES (57.88%) relative to other mixed DESs (≤ 49.11%) examined in this study. Furthermore, its separation efficiency is superior to sulfolane but lower than glyceline, though there was a 9.4% reduction in its viscosity relative to glyceline.
Ethical Issues in Democratizing Digital Phenotypes and Machine Learning in the Next Generation of Digital Health Technologies
Authors: Mulvenna Maurice D. , Bond Raymond , Delaney Jack , Dawoodbhoy Fatema Mustansir , Boger Jennifer , Potts Courtney , Turkington Robin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDigital phenotyping is the term given to the capturing and use of user log data from health and wellbeing technologies used in apps and cloud-based services. This paper explores ethical issues in making use of digital phenotype data in the arena of digital health interventions. Products and services based on digital wellbeing technologies typically include mobile device apps as well as browser-based apps to a lesser extent, and can include telephony-based services, text-based chatbots, and voice-activated chatbots. Many of these digital products and services are simultaneously available across many channels in order to maximize availability for users. Digital wellbeing technologies offer useful methods for real-time data capture of the interactions of users with the products and services. It is possible to design what data are recorded, how and where it may be stored, and, crucially, how it can be analyzed to reveal individual or collective usage patterns. The paper also examines digital phenotyping workflows, before enumerating the ethical concerns pertaining to different types of digital phenotype data, highlighting ethical considerations for collection, storage, and use of the data. A case study of a digital health app is used to illustrate the ethical issues. The case study explores the issues from a perspective of data prospecting and subsequent machine learning. The ethical use of machine learning and artificial intelligence on digital phenotype data and the broader issues in democratizing machine learning and artificial intelligence for digital phenotype data are then explored in detail.
Olive mill wastewater effects on durum wheat crop attributes and soil microbial activities: A pilot study in Syria
Authors: Khalil Jehan , Habib Hasan , Alabboud Michael , Mohammed Safwan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOlive mill wastewater is one of the environmental problems in semiarid regions. The main goals of this study were to investigate the impacts of different olive mill wastewater levels on durum wheat (Triticum aestivumvar. Douma1) production and soil microbial activities (i.e., bacteria and fungi). A pot experiment was conducted during the growing seasons 2015/2017 to evaluate the effect of three levels of olive mill wastewater on both growth and productivity attributes of wheat.Vertisolsoil samples were collected from southern Syria. Two months before wheat cultivation, three levels of olive mill wastewater: T5 (5 L/m2), T10 (10 L/m2) and T15 (15 L/m2) were added to pots filled with the collected soil samples. Also, a control (T0) free of olive mill wastewater was considered as a reference.Results showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in germination rate (%), plant height (cm), ear length (cm), kernels number, kernels weight per ear (g) and grain yield (g/m2) compared to control. However, T5 treatment did not induce a significant increase in terms of ear length, kernels weight per ear or yield (in the second season). On the other hand, T10 treatment had recorded the best results compared with the other two treatments (T5, T15). Similarly, the results showed a significant increase in the number of bacterial and fungi cells by increasing olive mill wastewater concentration. This research provides promising results toward using olive mill wastewater in an eco-friendly way under Syrian conditions.
Geophilosophical realness of risk: a case study in national housing authority resettlement sites in Albay, Philippines
Authors: Abante Ana Marie R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe geophilosophical realness of risk, as introduced in this study, is composed of the risk hotspot or cold spot information which are stored and sorted in hexagonal bins representing the host environment within the 25-km radius from the crater of the Mayon Volcano. The z scores measured from these hexagonal bins mimic the risk realness or risk reality phenomenon happening in Albay Province, Philippines. The objective of the study is to assess risk reality phenomena that generate risk knowledge originated from applying the seven metatheorems based on the Schoen Golden Triangle and the Fibonacci Golden Ratio. Risk assessment in this study uses the stability site selection criteria and hexagonal binning technique to store, sort, and process risk hotspot and coldspot information. This approach led to the disclosure of risk phenomenon on the 14 out of 25 resettlement sites (host environment) that remained at risk and continuously increasing the risk trend. When people are continuously allowed to occupy risk hotspots areas it hints at ineffective risk governance to neutralize the passively exposed population. This study concluded that the risk reality phenomena assessment opens new avenues for scientifically informed land use, nil exposure, and 0-risk policy in addition to the existing 0-casualty goal to get prepared with the right direction, decision and action to sensitively utilize the stable host environments aligned to improve risk governance.
Elements of the Historical Cultural Landscape: Mapping Methods and Results in the District of Augsburg
Authors: Grunenberg Sophie , Hilpert Markus 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMany traces of human cultures and activities over the centuries have marked the landscape, but they are often not recognisable at first glance. The recording and inventory of these historical cultural landscape elements, and their associated mapping, serve to raise awareness of—and ultimately also protect and maintain—the cultural landscape. Researchers at the Chair of Human Geography and Transition Research at the University of Augsburg have recorded all preserved and visible elements of the historical cultural landscape in the district of Augsburg that are not currently under monument or nature protection, and which consequently have not yet been mapped for the corresponding cadastre. In a first step, old maps, aerial and satellite images, local chronicles, regional books and other writings were examined. Subsequently, through public participation instruments, such as information events, individual interviews with local people and a hotline, further historical cultural landscape elements were recorded, based on the knowledge of local citizens. As a result, the three-year project was able to identify a total of 613 cultural remnants of various functions, and these were visualised and saved through numerous maps.
YouTube as a Patient Education Resource for Male Hypogonadism and Testosterone Therapy
Authors: Warren Christopher J. , Wisener John , Ward Brittany , Behbahani Sara , Shah Tejash , Fano Adam , Paskhover Boris , Sadeghi-Nejad Hossein 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Introduction
YouTube is an unregulated platform that patients are using to learn about treatment options.

Aim
To assess the reliability of YouTube videos (YTVs) related to male hypogonadism and testosterone therapy.

Methods
Searching on YouTube by relevance and view count, we analyzed the top 10 videos (80 videos total) for the following search terms: low testosterone, testosterone replacement therapy, AndroGel, and hypogonadism.

Main Outcome Measure
We recorded the number of views for each video, evaluated videos using the DISCERN score (DS) criterion, and compared the DS for videos including board-certified physicians and videos without. A second comparison was made between videos with board-certified physicians in urology, endocrinology, other MD, and those without any physician.

Results
The YTVs analyzed received a total of 38,549,090 views, a median of 25,201 and 17.30 views/day. Videos that featured physicians had significantly fewer views/day than videos that did not (39.48 CI 9,72 vs 1,731 CI 330, 3,132; P = .019). Most YTVs studied were unreliable. The median DS across all videos was 2. However, most videos created by physicians were found to be reliable with a median DS of 4. In addition, YTVs that did not feature a physician were found to be significantly less reliable than videos that featured a physician (3.22 CI 3.06, 4.09 vs 1.87 CI 1.56, 2.18; P &lt; .001). There was no significant difference in the reliability or viewership of YTVs stratified by physician type.

Conclusion
Most YTVs related to male hypogonadism/testosterone therapy were unreliable, but there are reliable YTVs available. Reliable videos usually feature a physician and receive fewer views than unreliable YTVs. Physicians and academic societies should work to provide verified videos to provide patients with reliable information about male hypogonadism and testosterone therapy.
Combining Petrology and Seismology to Unravel the Plumbing System of a Typical Arc Volcano: An Example From Marapi, West Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Nurfiani D. , Wang X. , Gunawan H. , Triastuty H. , Hidayat D. , Wei S. J. , Taisne B. , Bouvet de Maisonneuve C. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMarapi in Sumatra is characterized by frequent short‐lived explosions and small eruptions (Volcanic Explosivity Index 1–2) and in the past 250 years, the volcano has erupted >60 times. Recent volcanic bombs and the presence of broadband seismic stations lead us to reconstruct the plumbing system of the volcano through an interdisciplinary study. A petrologic study of the summit bombs uses pyroxene, plagioclase and glass compositions to obtain pressures and temperatures of magma storage as well as identify pre‐eruptive processes. Two‐pyroxene geothermobarometry provides pre‐eruptive crystallization pressure estimates of 4–7 kbar (∼15–26 km). Compositional and textural analyses of plagioclase and pyroxene crystals indicate that mafic magma recharge was followed by mixing with the resident magma and renewed crystallization prior to eruption. In order to further image the magma reservoir, we performed a joint inversion of teleseismic receiver functions and surface waves (H/V ratio). The inversion reveals a low velocity zone (LVZ) at depths of 15–21 km that has 7 ± 3% shear velocity reduction, corresponding to an estimated melt fraction of 5 ± 2%. The depth of this LVZ overlaps with the depth of magma storage estimated from petrology, constraining it with high confidence. Such a combined interdisciplinary study provides valuable information for evaluating future periods of unrest, laying out a framework for the interpretation of incoming monitoring data and signals to look out for in order to improve eruption forecasts.