bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for cancellation after dispatch of rapid response cars for prehospital emergency care: a single‐center, case–control study
Authors: Inoue Juri , Hirano Yohei , Fukumoto Yuichi , Kudo Tomohiro , Usami Ryo , Kondo Yutaka , Matsuda Shigeru , Okamoto Ken , Tanaka Hiroshi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimThe objective of this study is to identify the risk factors for cancellation after dispatch of rapid response cars (RRC) for prehospital emergency care.MethodsWe retrospectively extracted data from all RRC cases dispatched from our hospital between April 2017 and March 2019. A total of 1,440 cases were included in our study and divided into either the “cancelled” group (n = 723) or the “treated” group (n = 717), based on the occurrence of cancellation. The variables obtained from the request calls for RRC included patient characteristics, distance from the hospital to the scene, and reasons for RRC request. The variables were compared between the two groups and logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify the risk factors for RRC cancellation.ResultsMultivariable analysis showed that distance from the hospital to the scene (odds ratio [OR] 1.25; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.21–1.28), suspicion of cardiopulmonary arrest with no witness information (OR 7.61; 95% CI, 4.13–14.00), dyspnea (OR 2.22; 95% CI, 1.19–4.11), and suicide by hanging (OR 3.49; 95% CI, 1.37–8.89) were independent risk factors for cancellation.ConclusionsIn our study, a greater distance from the hospital to the scene, suspicion of cardiopulmonary arrest with no witness information, dyspnea, and suicide by hanging were identified as independent risk factors for cancellation after dispatch of RRC. Evaluating the risk factors for cancellation at individual facilities could help hospitals adjust their dispatch criteria to allocate limited medical resources more effectively.
A Color‐Shifting Near‐Infrared Fluorescent Aptamer–Fluorophore Module for Live‐Cell RNA Imaging
Authors: Zhang Jingye , Wang Lu , Jäschke Andres , Sunbul Murat 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFluorescent light‐up RNA aptamers (FLAPs) have become promising tools for visualizing RNAs in living cells. Specific binding of FLAPs to their non‐fluorescent cognate ligands results in a dramatic fluorescence increase, thereby allowing RNA imaging. Here, we present a color‐shifting aptamer‐fluorophore system, where the free dye is cyan fluorescent and the aptamer‐dye complex is near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescent. Unlike other reported FLAPs, this system enables ratiometric RNA imaging. To design the color‐shifting system, we synthesized a series of environmentally sensitive benzopyrylium‐coumarin hybrid fluorophores which exist in equilibrium between a cyan fluorescent spirocyclic form and a NIR fluorescent zwitterionic form. As an RNA tag, we evolved a 38‐nucleotide aptamer that selectively binds the zwitterionic forms with nanomolar affinity. We used this system as a light‐up RNA marker to image mRNAs in the NIR region and demonstrated its utility in ratiometric analysis of target RNAs expressed at different levels in single cells.
Efficient and recoverable novel pyranothiazol Pd (II), Cu (II) and Fe(III) catalysts in simple synthesis of polyfunctionalized pyrroles: Under mild conditions using ultrasonic irradiation
Authors: El‐Remaily Mahmoud Abd El Aleem Ali Ali , El‐Metwaly Nashwa M. , Bawazeer Tahani M. , Khalifa Mohamed E. , El‐Dabea Tarek , Abu‐Dief Ahmed M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThree novel Pd (II), Cu (II), and Fe (III) complexes were prepared from thiazole ligand through bidentate chelating mode. Alternative spectral and analytical tools were applied to elucidate their structural and molecular formulae. This study was extended to investigate stability and stoichiometry of complexes in solution, using standard methods. In addition, the best atomic distribution within structural forms was obtained by Material Studio Package via the density functional theory (DFT) method. This computational study fed us with significant physical characteristics for differentiation. Also, crystal surface properties in the packing system were studied using the Crystal explorer program, to evaluate the extent of contact between surfaces. Computational data discriminate Pd (II)‐thiazole (HYHPd) complex by some physical features, which may be promising in the catalytic field. This complex was selected to play a catalytic function to synthesize polyfunctionalized pyrrole derivatives using ultrasonic irradiation in a one‐pot reaction. The catalyst was selected for this application based on the history of Pd (II) complexes and the properties expected theoretically. A condensation reaction for aromatic aldehyde, aromatic amine, acetylacetone, and nitromethane was carried out under mild reaction conditions by ultrasonic irradiation. All reaction conditions were optimized among that variable Lewis acid catalysts in comparison to our new complexes. HYHPd catalyst displayed superiority in overall trials with high yield, short time, and green conditions (solvent H2O/EtOH). Also, the recovery of hetero‐catalyst was succeeded and reused by the same efficiency up to five times after that the efficiency was reduced. The mechanism of action was proposed based on the ability of Pd (II) for adding extra‐bonds overzaxis and supported by theoretical aspects.
The effect of simulation‐based education before a cadaver dissection course
Authors: Yakura Tomiko , Hatayama Naoyuki , Kawahara Chikako , Ohmichi Yusuke , Ohmichi Mika , Ban Nobutaro , Hirai Shuichi , Nakano Takashi , Naito Munekazu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAlthough the methods for medical education continue to evolve due to the development of medicines, the cadaver dissection course still plays a fundamental role. The cadaver dissection course allows students to learn to handle instruments correctly while actively exploring three‐dimensional anatomy. However, dissection comes with the risk of accidental injury. In recent years, the number of classes offered for the cadaver dissection course has decreased while the amount of knowledge required in clinical medicine has increased. Simulation‐based education (SBE) has been proven to be an effective educational method that enhances the development of practical skills by integrating learners' knowledge and skills. This study aimed to investigate the effect of SBE as a preparatory education course when taken prior to a medical student's enrollment in the cadaver dissection course. In the present study, an SBE assuming practical cadaver dissection course was performed in the Clinical Simulation Center. The frequency of injury rates per 1000 h of cadaver dissection course was significantly less in 2017 and 2018 compared to that in 2016. Two years after the implementation of the SBE, average student self‐efficacy scores and written examination scores significantly increased, whereas self‐contentment scores were relatively unchanged. The results showed that the implementation of SBE decreased the incidence of injuries and improved students' overall self‐efficacy scores and increased acquisition of knowledge evident on written examination score. Therefore, SBE as a preparatory education course may effectively promote the combined development of dissection skills and anatomical knowledge in the subsequent fundamental cadaver dissection course.
Sagittal wedging of intervertebral discs and vertebral bodies in the cervical spine and their associations with age, sex and cervical lordosis: A large‐scale morphological study
Authors: Tao Youping , Niemeyer Frank , Galbusera Fabio , Jonas René , Samartzis Dino , Vogele Daniel , Kienle Annette , Wilke Hans‐Joachim 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMany recent studies have focused on the functional and clinical importance of cervical lordosis. However, there is little accurate knowledge of the anatomical parameters that constitute cervical lordosis (i.e., the sagittal wedging angles of intervertebral discs and vertebral bodies) and their associations with age and sex. Standing lateral cervical radiographs of 1020 subjects (424 males, 596 females) with a mean age of 36.6 ± 17.0 years (range 7–95 years) were evaluated retrospectively. Cervical lordosis, the sum of intervertebral disc wedging angles from C2/C3 to C6/C7 and the sum of vertebral body wedging angles from C3 to C7 were measured. The sum of intervertebral disc wedging and the sum of vertebral body wedging were 20.6° ± 14.7° and −12.8° ± 10.3°, respectively. The sum of intervertebral disc wedging increased significantly with age and was significantly greater in males than females, whereas there was no sex‐related difference in the sum of vertebral body wedging. The sum of intervertebral disc wedging was negatively correlated with sum of vertebral body wedging. Wedging of discs contributed to C2–C7 cervical lordosis more significantly than wedging of vertebral bodies. There were moderate positive correlations between cervical lordosis and intervertebral disc wedging angles at C3/C4, C4/C5 and C5/C6; weak correlations were observed at C2/C3 and C6/C7. This study constitutes the largest currently available analysis comprehensively documenting the anatomical characteristics of sagittal wedging of intervertebral discs and vertebral bodies in the cervical spine. The findings could improve understanding of the internal architecture of cervical lordosis among clinicians.
Trajectories and risk factors for anxiety and depression in children and adolescents with cancer: A 1‐year follow‐up
Authors: Yardeni Maya , Abebe Campino Gadi , Hasson‐Ohayon Ilanit , Basel Dana , Hertz‐Palmor Nimrod , Bursztyn Shira , Weisman Hana , Pessach Itai M. , Toren Amos , Gothelf Doron 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThere is limited data on the longitudinal trajectories of psychiatric disorders in children with cancer and risk factors for their persistence. The current study aimed to longitudinally assess the trajectories and risk factors for anxiety and depressive symptoms and disorders in children and adolescents with cancer.METHODSChildren and adolescents with cancer and their parents completed the Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Depression and Anxiety Module and were interviewed by the semi‐structured Affective and Anxiety Modules of the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School‐Age Children (K‐SADS), at 4 time points, 1, 4, 7, and 12 months following the diagnosis of cancer.RESULTSOf the 99 patients enrolled, 48% met criteria for anxiety and/or depressive disorders at least once during the follow‐up period. There was a significant decrease in PROMIS pediatric and parent anxiety and depression scores (all p's < 0.01) and in the rate of depressive disorders over time (p = 0.02), while rates of anxiety disorders remained stable. Anxiety PROMIS pediatric and parent scores at baseline, having brain tumors and being in the acute treatment phase significantly predicted the presences of anxiety disorders at endpoint.CONCLUSIONSOur results highlight the importance of screening for anxiety and disorders in children with cancer, especially among those with brain tumors and at the acute phase of treatment.
The prognostic utility of pre‐treatment neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte‐ratio (NLR) in colorectal cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Naszai Mate , Kurjan Alina , Maughan Timothy S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundInflammation is a hallmark of cancer, and systemic markers of inflammation are increasingly recognised as negative prognostic factors for clinical outcome. Neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is readily available from routine blood testing of patients diagnosed with cancer.MethodsPeer‐reviewed publications from PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science and EMBASE were identified according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Hazard ratios (HR) for overall survival (OS) and surrogate endpoints (SE; comprising disease‐, recurrence‐ and progression‐free survival) were pooled using a random effects model. Additional analysis was carried out to further investigate NLR as an independent prognostic factor and account for heterogeneity.ResultsSeventy‐one eligible papers comprising 32,788 patients were identified. High NLR was associated with poor clinical outcomes. Significant publication bias was observed, and larger studies also adjusted for more covariates. Correcting for publication bias in multivariate studies brought our best estimate for true effect size to HR = 1.57 (95% CI 1.39–1.78; p < 0.0001) for OS and to HR = 1.38 (95% CI 1.16–1.64; p = 0.0003) for SE.ConclusionsNLR is confirmed as an easily available prognostic biomarker in colorectal cancer, despite the limitations of some studies previously reporting this finding. As such, it should be routinely collected in prospective clinical trials. While more standardised and rigorous large‐scale studies are needed before high NLR can be fully assessed as an independent predictor of CRC progression and outcome, the data suggest that it may be used to highlight individuals with tumour‐promoting inflammatory context.
'Mixed white and Black Caribbean' millennials in Britain: An exploration of identity
Authors: Clarke Yasmine 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study presents a qualitative exploration of individuals identifying as ‘mixed white and Black Caribbean’ (MWBC) in Britain. The focus of this research aimed to answer the question, 'how do mixed white and Black Caribbean millennials in Britain experience their identity?' Six participants, aged 22–31 years, were interviewed about their family, relationships and personal values. The results were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis and highlighted three main themes: ‘Public Perception’, ‘Caribbean Heritage’ and ‘Conversations’. Each theme was analysed from an integrative psychotherapeutic viewpoint, before concluding with suggestions for counsellors and psychotherapists working with this client group in clinical practice.
Adsorption and Co‐adsorption of Chlorine and Water‐Chlorine Complexes on Au(111) Surfaces: First‐Principles DFT Study
Authors: Xiao Yuan‐Hui , Liu Jia , Lin Jian‐De , Yu Huan‐Huan , Pang Ran , Wu De‐Yin , Tian Zhong‐Qun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe adsorption of atomic chlorine (Cl) on perfect Au(111) surfaces has been investigated by employing extensive density functional theory calculations, including the Cl coverage range from 1/9 to 1 monolayer (ML) and the effect of water on the Cl adsorption. The structural, energetic, and electronic properties are calculated and compared with previously reported experimental studies towards adsorption of Cl on metal surfaces. We found that there is a significant difference in energy and electronic structures for adsorption of Cl at the top site, compared with adsorption of Cl on other sites of the Au surface. Surface coverage lower than 1/3 ML is enough for the adsorption of Cl atoms at an fcc hollow site, whereas the Cl adopts a mixed adsorption sites at higher coverage reaching 3/4 ML. The negatively charged Cl− ion increase the work function of the Au(111) surface at all coverage, and the Au−Cl interaction is dominated by a strong coupling between the d‐band of Au and the p state of Cl atoms. The appearance of water molecules makes Cl more stable for adsorbing on the top site of Au (111) through hydrogen bonding interaction, and also promotes interfacial charge transfer between Cl and Au(111). We emphasize here is that the Au−Cl stretching vibrational frequency at the top site is similar to the observed values in the experiment, while the Au−Cl stretching frequency redshifts as the coverage increases for Cl adsorped at the fcc site. The presence of water would cause a significant redshift of the Au−Cl stretching vibrational frequency because of the stretched bond length and the decrease of the covalent bonding component. These changes motivate us to rethink of the Au−Cl vibration frequency and the corresponding interfacial structure.
Diastereoselective Photoreaction of Ir(III) Amine Complexes for Generation of New Multidentate Ligands in situ via a Postcoordinated Interligand‐Coupling Strategy
Authors: Chen Xing‐Yang , Yao Su‐Yang , Li Li‐Ping , Ye Bao‐Hui 
Published: July 2021

Main observation and conclusionThe diastereoselective photoreactions of Ir(III)‐amine and Ir(III)‐diamine complexes are observed in the presence of O2. The Ʌ‐[Ir(pq)2(R‐mapy)](PF6) (pq is 2‐phenylquinoline and mapy is 2‐(1‐aminoethyl)pyridine) diastereomer is dehydrogenatively oxidized into imine complex Ʌ‐[Ir(pq)2(mapy‐2H)](PF6) at room temperature, while the Ʌ‐[Ir(pq)2(S‐mapy)](PF6) diastereomer occurs interligand C—N cross‐coupling reaction at 60 °C, affording a new tetradentate complex Ʌ‐[Ir(pq)(S‐pqpe)] (PF6) (pqpe is 2‐phenyl‐N‐(1‐pyridin‐2‐yl)ethyl‐quinolin‐8‐amine). The identical cases are also observed in diamine complexes Ʌ‐[Ir(pq)2(R,R‐chda)](PF6) (chda is 1,2‐diaminocyclohexane), Ʌ‐[Ir(pq)2(R,S‐chda)](PF6), and Ʌ‐[Ir(pq)2(S,S‐chda)](PF6), where the R configuration ligand is dehydrogenatively oxidized into imine, while the S configuration is retentive and the bound nitrogen atom is coupling to the C8 of pq ligand, affording Ʌ‐[Ir(pq)2(chdi)](PF6) (chdi is 1,2‐diiminocyclohexane), Ʌ‐[Ir(pq)(S‐pqchim)](PF6) (pqchim is N‐(2‐iminocyclohexyl)‐2‐phenyl‐ quinolin‐8‐amine), and Ʌ‐[Ir(S,S‐pqchda)](PF6) (pqchda is N',N”‐bis(2‐phenylquinolin‐8‐yl)cyclohexane‐1,2‐diamine), respectively. These provide a new and useful protocol for the synthesis of multidentate ligands in situ via the postcoordinated interligand‐coupling strategy under mild conditions.
Influence of Fluorine Substitution on Nonbonding Interactions in Selected Para‐Halogeno Anilines
Authors: Pietruś Wojciech , Kurczab Rafał , Kalinowska‐Tłuścik Justyna , Machalska Ewa , Golonka Dominika , Barańska Małgorzata , Bojarski Andrzej J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA series of 4‐halogeno aniline derivatives was studied employing combined theoretical and experimental methods (i. e. crystal structure analysis and vibrational spectroscopies). This simplified model system was selected to shed light on the impact of fluorine substitution on the formation of noncovalent interactions such as halogen bonds (XBs) and hydrogen bonds (HBs), which are key interactions in fluorinated/halogenated drug‐protein complex formation. Comparative analysis of three previously reported and five newly determined crystal structures indicated that, in most cases, 2‐fluoro and 2,6‐difluoro substitution of 4‐X anilines increases the ability of adjacent amine to form strong N−H⋅⋅⋅N HBs. Additionally, fluorine substituents in the difluorinated derivatives are competitive and attractive HB and XB acceptors and increase the probability of halogen‐halogen contacts. A peculiar observation was made for 4‐iodoaniline and 2,6‐difluoro‐4‐iodoaniline, which form distinct interaction patterns compared to the corresponding 4‐Cl and 4‐Br analogs. The observed intramolecular N−H⋅⋅⋅F interactions lead to additional NH bands in the FT‐IR spectra.
Overlap between marine predators and proposed Marine Managed Areas on the Patagonian Shelf
Authors: Baylis Alastair M. M. , de Lecea Ander M. , Tierney Megan , Orben Rachael A. , Ratcliffe Norman , Wakefield Ewan , Catry Paulo , Campioni Letizia , Costa Marina , Boersma P. Dee , Galimberti Filippo , Granadeiro José P. , Masello Juan F. , Pütz Klemens , Quillfeldt Petra , Rebstock Ginger A. , Sanvito Simona , Staniland Iain J. , Brickle Paul 
Published: July 2021

AbstractStatic (fixed‐boundary) protected areas are key ocean conservation strategies, and marine higher predator distribution data can play a leading role toward identifying areas for conservation action. The Falkland Islands are a globally significant site for colonial breeding marine higher predators (i.e., seabirds and pinnipeds). However, overlap between marine predators and Falkland Islands proposed Marine Managed Areas (MMAs) has not been quantified. Hence, to provide information required to make informed decisions regarding the implementation of proposed MMAs, our aims were to objectively assess how the proposed MMA network overlaps with contemporary estimates of marine predator distribution. We collated tracking data (1999–2019) and used a combination of kernel density estimation and model‐based predictions of spatial usage to quantify overlap between colonial breeding marine predators and proposed Falkland Islands MMAs. We also identified potential IUCN Key Biodiversity Areas (pKBAs) using (1) kernel density based methods originally designed to identify Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBAs) and (2) habitat preference models. The proposed inshore MMA, which extends three nautical miles from the Falkland Islands, overlapped extensively with areas used by colonial breeding marine predators. This reflects breeding colonies being distributed throughout the Falklands archipelago, and use being high adjacent to colonies due to central‐place foraging constraints. Up to 45% of pKBAs identified via kernel density estimation were located within the proposed MMAs. In particular, the proposed Jason Islands Group MMA overlapped with pKBAs for three marine predator species, suggesting it is a KBA hot spot. However, tracking data coverage was incomplete, which biased pKBAs identified using kernel density methods, to colonies tracked. Moreover, delineation of pKBA boundaries were sensitive to the choice of smoothing parameter used in kernel density estimation. Delineation based on habitat model predictions for both sampled and unsampled colonies provided less biased estimates, and revealed 72% of the Falkland Islands Conservation Zone was likely a KBA. However, it may not be practical to consider such a large area for fixed‐boundary management. In the context of wide‐ranging marine predators, emerging approaches such as dynamic ocean management could complement static management frameworks such as MMAs, and provide protection at relevant spatiotemporal scales.