bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Male Patients with Takayasu Arteritis and Coronary Artery Involvement are Prone to Have Serious Coronary Stenosis and High Mortality
Authors: Ci Weiping , Zhao Yinan , Bi Tao 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Takayasu arteritis (TAK) is a rare autoimmune vasculitis that predominantly
affects the aorta and its major branches, including the coronary arteries. Information is limited
regarding sex-specific differences in coronary artery involvement among TAK patients.

Objective:
To assess the differences in coronary angiographic findings and long-term outcomes between
male and female TAK patients with coronary artery involvement.

Methods:
This retrospective cohort study included 87 TAK patients, grouped by sex, who underwent
coronary angiography. General characteristics, clinical features, coronary angiographic findings,
and therapeutic strategies were obtained from medical records. Major adverse cardiac events
(MACE), including death from any cause, myocardial infarction, repeated coronary artery revascularization,
and rehospitalization due to unstable or progressive angina or heart failure occurring during
follow-up, were also recorded.

Results:
A total of 207 coronary lesions with stenosis were found in 87 TAK patients. The prevalence
of ostial coronary lesions was lower in men than in women (9.1 vs. 23.9%, p=0.031). We observed
less moderate stenosis (6.8 vs. 22.7%, p=0.018) and more severe stenosis or occlusion (70.5
vs. 46.0%, p=0.004) in the coronary lesions of male TAK patients. During the up to 7-year follow-
up, death from any cause was greater in men than in women (21.4 vs. 1.5%, p=0.003); no
other significant differences in MACE occurrence were observed between sexes.

Conclusions:
Among TAK patients with coronary artery involvement, males tend to have more serious
coronary stenosis and a higher risk for long-term mortality than females.
Effect of Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction and with Reduced Ejection Fraction - A Narrative Review
Authors: Mares Adriana , Rodriguez Tayana , Deoker Abhizith , Lehker Angelica , Mukherjee Debabrata 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Heart failure is a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally. By the
end of this decade, ~8 million Americans will have heart failure with an expenditure of $69.8 billion.

Objective:
In this narrative review, we evaluate the benefits, potential risks and the role of mineralocorticoid
receptor antagonists (MRAs) in the management of both Heart Failure with Preserved
Ejection Fraction (HFpEF) and Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF).

Methods:
We performed a comprehensive literature review to assess the available evidence on the
role of MRAs in heart failure using the online databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL and
Google Scholar).

Results:
Clinical evidence shows that MRAs such as spironolactone and eplerenone reduce mortality
and readmissions for patients with HFrEF compared with placebo. Furthermore, one trial reported
that MRAs reduce heart failure hospitalization in patients with HFpEF. The American College
of Cardiology/American Heart Association Guidelines strongly recommend using MRA in patients
with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) with Class II-IV symptoms, estimated
glomerular filtration rate >30 ml/min/1.73 m2, and absence of hyperkalemia. Despite this, MRAs
are underutilized in the management of heart failure.

Conclusions:
MRAs improve outcomes in patients with both HFpEF and HFrEF but remain underutilized.
Assessment of COVID-19 Treatment Advised in Different Ethnic Populations
Authors: Arjun B. , Krishnendu P.R. , Pappachen Leena K. , Zachariah Subin M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract:
A virus is an infectious agent that can only replicate within a host organism and can infect
a variety of living organisms, including bacteria, plants, and animals. Viruses are so small that
a microscope is necessary to visualize them, and they have a very simple structure. A coronavirus
is a group of viruses that can cause diseases, for instance, the basic cold, severe acute respiratory
syndrome (SARS), and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). The patients affected with
the COVID-19 infection will encounter respiratory sickness and can recuperate without requiring
normal therapy. Individuals with clinical issues like cardiovascular problems, diabetes, and respiratory
illness will suffer from the ailment. COVID-19 disease spreads through aerosols or the nose
when an infected individual hacks or sneezes. In 2019, a new disease, known as novel coronavirus
disease 2019 (COVID-19), was discovered in China, and on March 11, 2020, it was declared a pandemic
disease by the World Health Organization (WHO), spreading rapidly across 194 countries in
Europe, North America, Asia, the Middle East, Latin America, and Africa. The best way to stop
the spread of the transmission is to be instructed about COVID-19 and how it spreads. In this survey,
we are endeavoring to focus on the drugs and vaccines that are used for the treatment and prevention
of COVID-19.
Genetics and Vaccine Development for SARS-CoV2 in the Era of Personalized
Medicine
Authors: Tafanidou Eirini Konstantina , Gkentzi Despoina 
Published: July 2021

:
Since the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in late December 2019, scientists have been racing
against time to effectively develop a vaccine. As the techniques of personalized medicine are becoming
more understood and approachable for mankind, vaccinations using such technologies could advance
the treatment of all patients taking into consideration their genetic and biochemical background. As
such, we anticipate that patients will be treated more effectively and potentially have fewer symptoms
and side effects. This perspective aims to raise awareness of the oncoming novel treatment of diseases,
especially during the coronavirus pandemic.
Assessment of Burnout Levels Before and During COVID-19 Pandemic: A
Web-Based Survey by the (Italian) Association of Medical Endocrinologists
(AME)
Authors: Loscalzo Yura , Marucci Simonetta , Garofalo Piernicola , Attanasio Roberto , Lisco Giuseppe , De Geronimo Vincenzo , Guastamacchia Edoardo , Giannini Marco , Triggiani Vincenzo 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Some endocrinologists were involved in the management of patients with
suspected or confirmed COVID-19 during the first wave of the pandemic. This study aims to analyze
burnout levels among the Association of Medical Endocrinologists (AME) members before
and during the pandemic.

Methods:
We recruited two AME members samples at two different times: before COVID-19 (n =
811) and during the first wave of the ongoing pandemic (n = 579). Both the samples filled the Maslach
Burnout Inventory. We performed MANOVAs to evaluate demographic and COVID-19 related
differences in burnout levels and Pearson’s Chi-square test to compare burnout severity before
and during the pandemic.

Results:
Women reported higher Emotional Exhaustion and reduced Professional Accomplishment
than men. The oldest physicians had lower levels of Emotional Exhaustion and Depersonalization
and higher Professional Accomplishment than younger workers. Independent contractors displayed
lower levels of burnout compared to established contractors. Finally, the pandemic, per se, did not
lead to changes in burnout levels.

Discussion:
Women and young physicians are at higher risk of burnout. It is also possible that front-
line professionals are at higher risk during a health care crisis. Moreover, it is likely that the
length of exposure to the pandemic has not been sufficient to impact burnout levels.

Conclusions:
Short-term exposure to pandemic-related activities seemed to have a low impact on
burnout severity, except for physicians directly involved in managing COVID-19 cases. It is strongly
recommended the availability of psychological support in public hospitals.
Association Between Insulin Resistance and Cardinal Rheological Parameters
in Young Healthy Japanese Individuals During 75g Oral Glucose Tolerance
Test
Authors: Martha Larasati , Kimura Takao , Yoshida Akihiro , Tsunekawa Katsuhiko , Aoki Tomoyuki , Araki Osamu , Nara Makoto , Ogiwara Takayuki , Sumino Hiroyuki , Murakami Masami 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Insulin resistance is a well-known predictor and risk factor for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Higher hematocrit induced by higher insulin resistance affects blood rheology.

Objective:
This study intended to reveal the association between indices of insulin resistance and hemorheological parameters during a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (75-g OGTT).

Methods:
A total of 575 healthy young Japanese participants took 75-g OGTT. We then analyzed the association between insulin resistance indices and hematological parameters.

Results:
The Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) was significantly correlated with hematocrit (Ht), hemoglobin (Hb), Red Blood Cell (RBC), White Blood Cell (WBC), platelet count, lipid parameters, and Body Mass Index (BMI). The Matsuda index was negatively correlated with RBC count, WBC count, platelet count, Total Cholesterol (TC), Low-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG), and positively correlated with High-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol (HDL-C). The disposition index was negatively correlated with Hb, RBC count, LDL-C, and BMI, while remaining positively correlated with HDL-C. The Homeostasis Model Assessment of beta cell (HOMA- IR ) was positively correlated with WBC count, platelet count, TC, LDL-C, and TG. The insulinogenic index was positively correlated with WBC count, platelet count, and TC. Multiple regression analysis revealed that HOMA-IR was independently associated with TG, and the Matsuda index was independently associated with TG, WBC count, and platelet count. The insulinogenic index was independently associated with WBC count.

Conclusion:
Cardinal rheological parameters reflected insulin resistance and were released even in the young, healthy Japanese individuals within the physiological range of glycemic control.
Micelles in Cancer Therapy: An Update on Preclinical and Clinical Status
Authors: Kushwaha Poonam , Aqeel Rabia , Srivastava Nidhi 
Published: July 2021

Background:
In the recent years, Micelles represent a promising carrier for the treatment
and diagnosis of cancer. Architecturally, micelles are self-assembled nanosized colloidal aggregates
prepared from amphiphilic surfactant with a hydrophobic core and hydrophilic shell. Such a composition
makes them a potential carrier for delivery of hydrophobic anticancer drugs with in their core.

Description:
Micelles have received increasing interest as an enhanced permeability and retention (EPR)
targeted drug delivery systems for cancer treatment. Micelles can be modified to contribute various attractive
properties, for instance, active targeting, stimuli-responsiveness. They have also proven their
ability in drug targeting to tumor tissue, enhanced drug accumulation, drug stabilization, tissue penetration,
prolong circulation, in vivo biocompatibility, biodegradability and reduced side effects. Micelles
have displayed a vital role in multidrug delivery for cancer therapy.

Results and Discussion :
The aim of the present review is to provide an overview on the status of micellar
nanoformulations for anticancer agents, including their pre-clinical and clinical researches. Emphasis
is placed on presenting the newer strategies to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of anticancer
drug at the target site. The type of co-polymers used and methods for the preparation of micelles are
also highlighted in the paper.
Nanovaccine: A Hope to Triumph the Battle Against Novel Coronavirus
Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Authors: Awasthi Rajendra , Singh Anurag Kumar , Maurya Anand , Mishra Gaurav , Dua Kamal , Kulkarni Giriraj T. 
Published: July 2021

Background:
The novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) infection has caused the global
emergence of coronavirus in humans during the last 12 months. Till May 11, 2021, the confirmed
global COVID-19 cases and deaths reached 158551526 and 3296855, respectively.

Methods:
Goblet cells and ciliated cells in the nose act as the initial infection site of SARS-CoV-2.
Thus, mucus immunity is important to protect from infection. The outburst of SARS-CoV-2 infection
can be halted only when an effective vaccine will be developed.

Results:
Globally, over 100 different vaccines are under investigation, including DNA vaccines, RNA
vaccines, inactivated virus vaccines, adenovirus-based vaccines, recombinant/subunit protein vaccines,
peptide vaccines, virus-like particles, etc. Inactivated virus vaccines and mRNA, and adenovirus-based
vaccines have moved fast into clinical trials.

Conclusion:
Vaccines containing spike protein of SARS-CoV as subunit could effectively prevent
binding of coronavirus to the host cell and membrane fusion. Thus, spike protein can be used as a major
target for subunit vaccine preparation.
Nanosponge Approach -A Plethora of Opportunities as a Promising
Nanocarrier for Novel Drug Delivery
Authors: Bhavin Shah Esha , Anuradha Gajjar 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Nanotechnology is the need of the hour! The design of nanotechnologyaided
carriers as a tool for the delivery of low solubility molecules offers a potential platform to
overcome the issues of current clinical treatment and achieve good targeted release and bioaccessibility.

Objective:
Nanosponges (NS) encapsulate types of nanocarriers capable of carrying both lipophilic
and hydrophilic substances. They are synthesized by mixing a solution of polyester, which is biodegradable,
with cross-linkers. These tiny, porous structures are round-shaped, having multiple cavities
wherein drugs can be housed to offer programmable release.

Method:
The detailed literature review and patent search summarize the ongoing research on NS.
Substances such as poorly soluble drugs, nutraceuticals, gases, proteins and peptides, volatile oils,
genetic material, etc., can be loaded on these novel carriers, which are characterized using various
analytical techniques. Target-specific drug delivery and controlled drug release are the advantages
offered by NS, along with a myriad of other promising applications.

Results:
This review stresses the development of cyclodextrin-based NS, the synthetic methods and
characterization of NS, along with factors affecting NS formation, their applications and information
on the patented work in this area. NS are solid in character and can be formulated in various dosage
forms, such as parenteral, topical, oral or inhalation.

Conclusion:
Therefore, owing to their promising benefits over other nanocarriers in terms of drug
loading, adaptability, sustainability, solubility and tailored release profile, NS is an immediate technological
revolution for drug entrapment and as novel drug carriers.The authors expect that these
fundamental applications of NS could help the researchers to develop and gain insight about NS in
novel drug delivery applications.
A Local Community-Based Social Network for Mental Health and Well-being (Quokka): Exploratory Feasibility Study
Authors: Shih Cynthia , Pudipeddi Ruhi , Uthayakumar Arany , Washington Peter 
Published: July 2021

Background
Developing healthy habits and maintaining prolonged behavior changes are often difficult tasks. Mental health is one of the largest health concerns globally, including for college students.

Objective
Our aim was to conduct an exploratory feasibility study of local community-based interventions by developing Quokka, a web platform promoting well-being activity on university campuses. We evaluated the intervention’s potential for promotion of local, social, and unfamiliar activities pertaining to healthy habits.

Methods
To evaluate this framework’s potential for increased participation in healthy habits, we conducted a 6-to-8-week feasibility study via a “challenge” across 4 university campuses with a total of 277 participants. We chose a different well-being theme each week, and we conducted weekly surveys to (1) gauge factors that motivated users to complete or not complete the weekly challenge, (2) identify participation trends, and (3) evaluate the feasibility of the intervention to promote local, social, and novel well-being activities. We tested the hypotheses that Quokka participants would self-report participation in more local activities than remote activities for all challenges (Hypothesis H1), more social activities than individual activities (Hypothesis H2), and new rather than familiar activities (Hypothesis H3).

Results
After Bonferroni correction using a Clopper-Pearson binomial proportion confidence interval for one test, we found that there was a strong preference for local activities for all challenge themes. Similarly, users significantly preferred group activities over individual activities (P<.001 for most challenge themes). For most challenge themes, there were not enough data to significantly distinguish a preference toward familiar or new activities (P<.001 for a subset of challenge themes in some schools).

Conclusions
We find that local community-based well-being interventions such as Quokka can facilitate positive behaviors. We discuss these findings and their implications for the research and design of location-based digital communities for well-being promotion.
A Shared Decision-making Tool for Drug Interactions Between Warfarin and Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs: Design and Usability Study
Authors: Reese Thomas J , Del Fiol Guilherme , Morgan Keaton , Hurwitz Jason T , Kawamoto Kensaku , Gomez-Lumbreras Ainhoa , Brown Mary L , Thiess Henrik , Vazquez Sara R , Nelson Scott D , Boyce Richard , Malone Daniel 
Published: July 2021

Background
Exposure to life-threatening drug-drug interactions (DDIs) occurs despite the widespread use of clinical decision support. The DDI between warfarin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is common and potentially life-threatening. Patients can play a substantial role in preventing harm from DDIs; however, the current model for DDI decision-making is clinician centric.

Objective
This study aims to design and study the usability of DDInteract, a tool to support shared decision-making (SDM) between a patient and provider for the DDI between warfarin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Methods
We used an SDM framework and user-centered design methods to guide the design and usability of DDInteract—an SDM electronic health record app to prevent harm from clinically significant DDIs. The design involved iterative prototypes, qualitative feedback from stakeholders, and a heuristic evaluation. The usability evaluation included patients and clinicians. Patients participated in a simulated SDM discussion using clinical vignettes. Clinicians were asked to complete eight tasks using DDInteract and to assess the tool using a survey adapted from the System Usability Scale.

Results
The designed DDInteract prototype includes the following features: a patient-specific risk profile, dynamic risk icon array, patient education section, and treatment decision tree. A total of 4 patients and 11 clinicians participated in the usability study. After an SDM session where patients and clinicians review the tool concurrently, patients generally favored pain treatments with less risk of gastrointestinal bleeding. Clinicians successfully completed the tasks with a mean of 144 (SD 74) seconds and rated the usability of DDInteract as 4.32 (SD 0.52) of 5.

Conclusions
This study expands the use of SDM to DDIs. The next steps are to determine if DDInteract can improve shared decision-making quality and to implement it across health systems using interoperable technology.
Leveraging National Claims and Hospital Big Data: Cohort Study on a Statin-Drug Interaction Use Case
Authors: Bannay Aurélie , Bories Mathilde , Le Corre Pascal , Riou Christine , Lemordant Pierre , Van Hille Pascal , Chazard Emmanuel , Dode Xavier , Cuggia Marc , Bouzillé Guillaume 
Published: July 2021

Background
Linking different sources of medical data is a promising approach to analyze care trajectories. The aim of the INSHARE (Integrating and Sharing Health Big Data for Research) project was to provide the blueprint for a technological platform that facilitates integration, sharing, and reuse of data from 2 sources: the clinical data warehouse (CDW) of the Rennes academic hospital, called eHOP (entrepôt Hôpital), and a data set extracted from the French national claim data warehouse (Système National des Données de Santé [SNDS]).

Objective
This study aims to demonstrate how the INSHARE platform can support big data analytic tasks in the health field using a pharmacovigilance use case based on statin consumption and statin-drug interactions.

Methods
A Spark distributed cluster-computing framework was used for the record linkage procedure and all analyses. A semideterministic record linkage method based on the common variables between the chosen data sources was developed to identify all patients discharged after at least one hospital stay at the Rennes academic hospital between 2015 and 2017. The use-case study focused on a cohort of patients treated with statins prescribed by their general practitioner or during their hospital stay.

Results
The whole process (record linkage procedure and use-case analyses) required 88 minutes. Of the 161,532 and 164,316 patients from the SNDS and eHOP CDW data sets, respectively, 159,495 patients were successfully linked (98.74% and 97.07% of patients from SNDS and eHOP CDW, respectively). Of the 16,806 patients with at least one statin delivery, 8293 patients started the consumption before and continued during the hospital stay, 6382 patients stopped statin consumption at hospital admission, and 2131 patients initiated statins in hospital. Statin-drug interactions occurred more frequently during hospitalization than in the community (3800/10,424, 36.45% and 3253/14,675, 22.17%, respectively; P<.001). Only 121 patients had the most severe level of statin-drug interaction. Hospital stay burden (length of stay and in-hospital mortality) was more severe in patients with statin-drug interactions during hospitalization.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates the added value of combining and reusing clinical and claim data to provide large-scale measures of drug-drug interaction prevalence and care pathways outside hospitals. It builds a path to move the current health care system toward a Learning Health System using knowledge generated from research on real-world health data.