bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices on African Animal Trypanosomosis and its vectors Among Small-Holder Farmers Neighbouring Arabuko Sokoke Forest Reserve, Kenya: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: SEREM ERICK KIBICHIY , Ngari Moses Mukaba , Bargul Joel Ltilitan , Abdullahi Osman Abdikarim , Mburu David 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Animal African trypanosomosis (AAT) is a disease caused by several protozoan parasites transmitted by tsetse fly (genus Glossina). AAT causes massive losses to farmers due to the high cost of control measures and treatment of sick animals. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices of the local community on tsetse flies and trypanosomosis and evaluate demographic factors associated with adequate knowledge of tsetse flies along Kenya coast. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study between November and December 2017 among 404 cattle farmers living near the Arabuko-Sokoke Forest Reserve in Kilifi County. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data from randomly selected cattle rearing households. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the local community's knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding tsetse flies and trypanosomosis, and demographic factors associated with knowledge of tsetse flies were investigated using a logistic regression model.Results: Of 404 study participants, 214 (53%) were female, and 123 (30%) were elderly (>55 years old). Majority (N=312, 77%) were married, and 326 (81%) had only primary education or none at all. Although majority of farmers (N=353, 89%) knew the local name for tsetse fly and that they are about the size of a housefly (N=307, 77%), only 65 (16%) knew they transmit diseases to livestock, with 55/65 (85%) identifying they transmit Nagana disease. Overall, only 16% of the study participants had adequate knowledge on tsetse flies and trypanosomosis. Being 15 to 24 years old (aOR 2.86 (95% CI 1.10–7.45)) compared to those aged >55 years, secondary education (aOR 2.45 (95% CI 1.42–4.21)) and tertiary education level (aOR 3.78 (95% CI 1.53–9.31)) compared to no education were significantly associated with higher odds of tsetse fly adequate knowledge. Unemployment (aOR 0.15 (95% CI 0.10–0.23)) was significantly associated with lower odds of tsetse fly adequate knowledge when compared to self-employment.Conclusion: Our findings suggest that farmers have poor understanding of trypanosomosis and its biological transmission by tsetse flies. Thus, training of livestock farmers will contribute to improved livestock health through better understanding of key livestock diseases, their vectors in transmission, and control.
The dominant role of East Asia warming in increasing tropical western North Pacific tropical cyclone intensity
Authors: Zhao Ping , Xu Jing , Chan Johnny , Shi Ming , Yang Chi , Xing Rui , Zhao Si 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The increase in intense tropical cyclone (TC) activity over the western North Pacific (WNP) has often been linked to a warming ocean1-8. Here we show, however, that the TC intensity increasing trend in the tropical WNP during the past three decades are mainly related to the warming of the East Asian continent, especially a warming Tibetan Plateau (TP). The regional weak increasing trend of local sea surface temperature unlikely supplies the necessary energy for this increase in TC intensity. Instead, a weakened vertical wind shear (VWS) appears to be the main contributing factor. Through numerical simulations, we demonstrate that the warming TP strengthens the South Asian high-pressure system, which triggers a wave train toward the tropical WNP, subsequently modifying the upper- and lower-tropospheric zonal winds to reduce the VWS. Applying the high correlation between TC intensity and the local VWS to climate model projection results supports that TCs will likely become stronger, with a significantly increasing rate of 1.0 m s-1/10 years during 2021–2050, due to a further warming of the East Asian continent. Thus, the rims of East Asia and Southeast Asia could face an increasing risk of intense typhoons.
Big Data Query Optimization -Literature Survey
Authors: S. Anuja , C. Malathy 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In today's world, most of the private and public sector organizations deal with massive amounts of raw data, which includes information and knowledge in their secret layer. In addition, the format, scale, variety, and velocity of generated data make it more difficult to use the algorithms in an efficient manner. This complexity necessitates the use of sophisticated methods, strategies, and algorithms to solve the challenges of managing raw data. Big data query optimization (BDQO) requires businesses to define, diagnose, forecast, prescribe, and cognize hidden growth opportunities and guiding them toward achieving market value. BDQO uses advanced analytical methods to extract information from an increasingly growing volume of data, resulting in a reduction in the difficulty of the decision-making process. Hadoop, Apache Hive, No SQL, Map Reduce, and HPCC are the technologies used in big data applications to manage large data. It is less costly to consume data for query processing because big data provides scalability. However, small businesses will never be able to query large databases. Joining tables with millions of tuples could take hours. Parallelism, which solves the problem by using more processors, may be a potential solution. Unfortunately, small businesses cannot afford to operate on a shoestring budget. There are many techniques to tackle the problem. The technologies used in the big data query optimization process are discussed in depth in this paper.
Mechanistic insights into the distinct functions of ATG16L1 in canonical autophagy and selective autophagy
Authors: Pan Lifeng , Gong Xingyu , Wang Yingli , Tang Yubin , Liu Jianping , Li Ying , Wang Yaru , Xu Xiaolong , Zhang Mingfang , Li Miao , Zhang Yuchao , Shen Liqiang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Macroautophagy plays crucial roles in the regulation of cellular physiology, and requires de novo synthesis of double-membrane autophagosomes. The formation of autophagosomes entails the lipidation of ATG8 family proteins catalyzed by the ATG12 ~ ATG5-ATG16L1 complex, which is recruited to the pre-autophagosomal membrane through a direct interaction between ATG16L1 and WIPI2b. In addition, ATG16L1 can function as an adaptor to specifically recognize invading pathogens to mediate antibacterial selective autophagy, and the T300A polymorphism of ATG16L1 has been associated with the Crohn's disease, an inflammatory bowel disease mainly caused by the defect in antibacterial autophagy. However, the molecular mechanism governing the interaction of ATG16L1 with WIPI2b and the precise role of ATG16L1 in selective autophagy remain elusive. Here, we reported the atomic structure of the WIPI2b/ATG16L1 complex, and elucidated the mechanistic basis underpinning the recruitment of ATG16L1 by WIPI2b. Moreover, we discovered that the FIR motif of ATG16L1 not only can directly interact with RB1CC1 Claw domain, but also can selectively recognize mammalian ATG8 family proteins. We determined the high-resolution crystal structures of ATG16L1 FIR in complex with RB1CC1 Claw and GABARAPL1 respectively, and uncovered the molecular mechanism underlying the interactions of ATG16L1 with RB1CC1 and ATG8 family proteins. On this basis, we proposed the concept that ATG16L1 can be categorized as a potential autophagy receptor. In all, our findings provide novel mechanistic insights into the interactions of ATG16L1 with WIPI2b, RB1CC1 and ATG8 family proteins, and are valuable for further understanding the distinct functions of ATG16L1 in autophagy.
Deep Learning Based Analog Beamforming Design for Millimetre Wave Massive MIMO System
Authors: Sohal Rajdeep Singh , Grewal Vinit , Kaur Jaipreet , Singh Maninder Lal 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Analog beamforming (ABF) architectures for both large-scale antennas at base station (BS) and small-scale antennas at user side in millimetre wave (mmWave) channel are constructed and investigated in this paper with the aid of deep learning (DL) techniques. Transmit and receive beamformers are selected through offline training of ABF network that accepts input as channel. The joint optimization of both beamformers based on DL for maximization of spectral efficiency (SE) for massive multiple input multiple output (M-MIMO) system has been employed. This design procedure is carried out under imperfect channel state information (CSI) conditions and the proposed design of precoders and combiners shows robustness to imperfect CSI. The simulation results verify the superiority in terms of SE of deep neutral network (DNN) enabled beamforming (BF) design of mmWave massive MIMO system compared with the conventional BF algorithms while lessening the computational complexity.
Risk Factors of Early-Onset Neonatal Sepsis A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wang Qiang , Peng Guoxuan , Gan Lebin , Sun Jianhui , Wen Dalin , Huang Siyuan , Deng Jin , Zeng Ling 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Early-onset neonatal sepsis is a great managerial challenge worldwide. Studying the risk factors of early-onset neonatal sepsis is one of the most significant ways of reducing the incidence of sepsis and the associated health burden.Methods: A literature search strategy was constructed, including PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. All publications until April 30, 2021 were retrieved; the key words were “neonatal sepsis” and “risk factors.” Moreover, the references of the retrieved articles were screened to identify related eligible studies. Data abstraction was performed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality scale scores were used to evaluate the quality of the included studies, and the fixed-effects model was used to combine the results. Risk factors related to the occurrence of early-onset neonatal sepsis, the pooled OR, and the 95% CI upper and lower limits were obtained to represent the correlation strength between risk factors and early-onset neonatal sepsis occurrence; the pooled I2 value was used to determine the heterogeneity of the combined results.Results: We included 21 articles with 44 non-repetitive risk factors, 91985 neonates, and 6627 cases of neonatal sepsis. We identified seven independent risk factors of early-onset neonatal sepsis, including at least three per vaginal examinations during labor and delivery, chorioamnionitis, premature rupture of membranes > 18 h, male fetus, gestational age < 37 weeks, neonatal resuscitation, and central venous catheterization, with the following ORs and 95% CIs: 7.18 (3.51-14.69), 6.56 (3.19-13.49), 2.74 (1.44-5.21), 3.03 (1.94-4.73), 4.08 (2.76-6.03), 2.6 (2.03-3.34), and 3.06 (1.64-5.73), respectively.Conclusions: Our results suggest that frequent per vaginal examination during labor and delivery, chorioamnionitis, premature rupture of membranes (> 18 h), male fetus, gestational age (< 37 weeks), neonatal resuscitation, and central vascular catheterization are independent risk factors of early-onset neonatal sepsis. These findings support the use of empirical antibiotic therapy in neonates with these risk factors.
Neutrophil-Derived Exosomes Induce M1 Macrophage Polarization and Prime Macrophage Pyroptosis via miR-30d-5p in Sepsis
Authors: Jiao Yang , Zhang Ti , Zhang Chengmi , Ji Haiying , Tong Xingyu , Xia Ran , Wang Wei , Ma Zhengliang , Shi XueYin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) have been demonstrated to play a role in proinflammatory M1 activation and macrophage (Mϕ) pyroptosis in sepsis. Accumulating evidence suggests PMN-derived exosomes as a new subcellular entity acting as a fundamental link between PMN-driven inflammation and tissue damage. However, the role of PMN-derived exosomes in sepsis remains unclear. This study aimed to determine whether PMN-derived exosomes play a role in proinflammatory M1 activation and Mϕ pyroptosis in sepsis and explore the potential mechanisms involved. Methods: Exosomes were isolated from the supernatant of PMNs activated with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, cocultured with Raw264.7 macrophages or BMDMs, and then assayed for macrophage polarization and pyroptosis. To examine the role of exosomes in vivo, PMN-derived exosomes were administered to mice, and then examined for lung inflammation. Results: After activated by TNF-α, PMNs released exosomes (TNF-Exo) to promote M1 macrophage activation both in vivo and in vitro. In addition, TNF-Exo primed macrophages for pyroptosis by upregulating NLRP3 inflammasome expression through NF-κB signaling pathway. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that miR-30d-5p mediated the function of TNF-Exo by targeting SOCS-1 and SIRT1 in macrophages. Furthermore, treatment of miR-30d-5p inhibitors in vivo significantly decreased cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) or TNF-Exo-induced M1 macrophage activation and macrophage death in the lung. Lung injury was also alleviated by miR-30d-5p inhibitors.Conclusions: In this study, we identified a novel mechanism of PMN-Mϕ interaction in sepsis, demonstrating that exosomal miR-30d-5p from PMNs induced M1 macrophage polarization and primed Mϕ for pyroptosis by activating NF-κB signaling. These findings suggest a previously unidentified role of neutrophil-derived exosomes in sepsis and may lead to new therapeutic approaches.
Unresolved grief in parents of children with CF: A pilot randomised controlled trial on the use and delivery sequence of disease-related education and psychotherapeutic support
Authors: Schultz André , Barrett Andrea , Billingham Wesley , Branch-Smith Cindy , Balding Elizabeth , Grover Zubin , Yikilmaz Gisele , Bourke Crystal , Depiazzi Julie , Sander Nicole , Foster Juliet , Cooper Matthew , Zepf Florian 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Diagnosis of chronic disease in a child can result in unresolved grief (UG) in parents. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of psychological insight-oriented therapy (IOT) as a treatment for UG compared to disease related education in parents of children with cystic fibrosis (CF). Sequence of delivery, first IOT then disease related education (or vice versa ) was also examined, to let all participants experience both interventions.
Parents were screened for UG. Parents with UG were randomised to either five one-hour sessions of IOT or five one-hour sessions of education. Measures were assessed pre-intervention, after the first intervention period (primary efficacy assessment), and after the second intervention period (swapping intervention).
Forty-seven parents were screened of which 46.8% (22/47) had UG. Median duration of UG was 5 years (range: 6 months to 14 years). Anxiety (50% vs. 20%, p =0.03) and stress (59% vs. 28%, p =0.03) were significantly more prevalent in parents with UG. There was no difference between arms in the odds of UG resolving either following the first intervention period (OR 0.88; 95%CI 0.5, 1.5) or the second intervention period (OR 0.91; 95%CI 0.5, 1.6). While not statistically significant, adjusted mean values of all nine mental health measures were lower in the IOT (first) arm compared to the ED (first) arm, following the first intervention period.
Conclusions: UG is a significant burden for families affected by CF. Provision of disease related education and psychological support, regardless of sequence, can result in resolution of grief.
Treating Persistent Post-Concussive Symptoms with Photobiomodulation Therapy: Improvement in Cognition and Other Symptoms Both Subjectively and Objectively by ImPACT® Test.
Authors: Santiago Ronaldo , Ozsarfati Jak , Shulman Holly , Zitney Michael 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objective:This research evaluates the use of Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT) as a viable treatment modality for post-concussion symptoms secondary to a traumatic brain injury and the use of the ImPACT® test to assess improvement in cognition and symptomatology in patients treated with PBMT.Background:Several studies have detailed the efficacy of PBMT as a treatment for concussions. As there are no widely accepted imaging or laboratory modalities that document concussive injuries, monitoring improvement objectively proves difficult. ImPACT® is a computer based neurocognitive assessment meant to measure cognitive performance for concussion injuries. This study uses ImPACT® as a means to document an improvement in symptomatology for patients with post-concussion symptoms.Methods:This retrospective study reviews patient performance in the ImPACT® test in a cohort of 35 patients who are diagnosed with mild Traumatic Brain Injuries (mTBI) and experiencing post-concussive symptoms. Patient initially took the Post Injury 1 test then underwent PBMT therapy using the BIOFLEX DUO+ system three times a week for 4 weeks using approved parameters for treatment of the cervical spine soft tissue injuries. After the 4 week treatment, patients took the Post Injury 2 test and the results were compared.Results:By using PBM all the patients were improved clinically and their Post injury 2 ImPACT® test results were significantly better compared to their Post injury 1 ImPACT® test results. Conclusion:PBMT is an effective treatment modality for neurological rehabilitation in patients with Post-Concussion symptoms and ImPACT® is an appropriate and objective measure to monitor and assess improvement.
Maternal/Child Social Support and Food Security in Relation to Child Height and BMI in Four Lmics: Mediation Analysis of Young Lives Data
Authors: Lee Hwa-Young , Song In Han , Kawachi Ichiro 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BackgroundPoor nutritional status in childhood is associated with an elevated risk of mortality and morbidity later in life. Previous studies showed a positive association between specific types of social capital and child nutritional status. Our study examined whether improved food security mediates the impact of maternal and child social support on child height and body mass index (BMI) in four low- and middle-income countries.Methods We used data from the Young Lives cohort study comprising roughly 1,000 children at age 8 and 12 in Vietnam, Ethiopia, India, and Peru. Outcome variables were z-score for height (HAZ) and BMI (BAZ). Results Belonging to the top half of maternal financial support and child financial support was positively associated with child HAZ at age 12 in Peru. Belonging to top half of overall maternal support among children aged 8 in Vietnam, and maternal financial support among children aged 12 in India were also positively associated with child BAZ. A positive association of food security was only found with maternal financial support among children aged 12 in Peru. However, food security did not play a significant role in mediating the effect of maternal financial support on child HAZ at age 12. ConclusionsStrengthening social support to improve child nutritional status may not be a sufficient intervention in resource-poor settings because sources of supports may lack sufficient food resources to share. Considering between-country heterogeneity, a “one size fits all” approach for enhancing social capital may not be appropriate.
Compatibility of Climate Adaptation Strategies with Livelihood Vulnerability Patterns: The Case of Fars Province, Iran
Authors: Ghazali Samane , Azadi Hossein , Zibaei Mansoor 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Pastoralists’ livelihood on natural rangelands are constantly influenced by the destructive impacts of climate change. While the phenomenon of climate change continues on a widespread scale, it is expected to put more pressure on unfavorable rangelands and pastoral households whose livelihood source is only based on pastoralism activity. Thus, it is vital to reduce livelihood vulnerability of pastoralists to climate change impacts through appropriate adaptation strategies. Accordingly, the aim of the current study was to specify the compatibility of adaptation strategies adopted by pastoralists with their livelihood vulnerability patterns. The evaluation was based on a spatial survey that was conducted with a random sample of 393 Iranian pastoralists distributed in the counties of Eghlid, Sepidan, and Shiraz in the northern Fars province. The results showed that pastoralists were commonly vulnerable in terms of the high-risk exposure and low adaptive capacity. About 27 livelihood vulnerability patterns were detected using data mining based on the relationships among the sub-components of exposure, sensitivity, and adaptation in 3 counties. The scores of the livelihood vulnerability were high in most of the livelihood vulnerability patterns. Only 4 patterns obtained the relatively low vulnerability scores through accurate decisions on adopting the appropriate set of adaptation strategies. According to the low compatibility of adaptation strategies with the corresponding vulnerability patterns, the results of this study can assist pastoralists to adopt appropriate adaptation strategies and thus, decrease livelihood vulnerability to climate change. In this regard, it is suggested that pastoralists in each vulnerability pattern adopt appropriate adaptation strategies according to their vulnerability sub-components.
Dosimetric comparison and TCP-NTCP modelling for lung, heart, left anterior descending and right coronary artery in left sided breast cancer conventional and hypofractionated radiotherapy
Authors: Taheri Hossein , Akhavan Ali , Tavakoli Mohammadbagher , Moghareabed Reza , Kianinia Mahsa 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the dose distribution, and also tumor control probability (TCP) and normal tissue complications probability (NTCP) models of left sided breast cancer females for 3D-CRT, 6 and 9 fields IMRT and hypofractionated tangential plans.MethodsSixty left sided breast cancer females were included in this study. CT simulation images of the patients were imported on the treatment planning software (TiGRT, LinaTech, China), and the tangential treatment plans of the mentioned methods were done for each patient. The dosimetric evaluation, and TCP-NTCP models of stated modalities were done using Poisson Linear-Quadatric (PLQ) and Lyman-Kutcher-Burman (LKB) models on the MATLAB and R softwares.ResultsThe mean (± SD) dose to ipsilateral lung, heart, LAD and RCA with/without internal mammary fields for 6FIMRT was lower compared to other modalities. Furthermore, V20Gy for Ipsilateral lung and V25Gy for heart, LAD and RCA of 6FIMRT was lower than other methods. In addition, the PTV dose coverage was higher for 9FIMRT and hypofractionated RT, while it may be lower for 3D-CRT among the studied methods. Although TCP values of 9 and 6fieds and hypofractionated was not significantly different, the TCPs of them were higher compared to 3D-CRT. However, the NTCP for ipsilateral lung, heart, LAD and RCA of 6FIMRT was lower than others.Conclusion6FIMRT is suitable choice for RT of breast cancer patients compared to other mentioned modalities, as a result of providing adequate PTV dose coverage and TCP, and also lower imposed dose and NTCP for OARs. Hypofractionated RT is a good alternative to reduce treatment time for the breast cancer patients.Trial registrationThis study was approved by the ethical board of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran (IR.MUI.MED.REC.1399.677).