bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors and Microbiological Features of Recurrent Escherichia coli Bloodstream Infection
Authors: Kim Yong Chan , Choi Heun , Kim Young Ah , Park Yoon Soo , Seo Young Hee , Lee Hyukmin , Lee Kyungwon 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Recurrent blood stream infection (BSI) is a significant complication associated with additional morbidity and mortality. We aim to understand the clinical risk factors and microbiological determinants in recurrent E. coli BSI. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted involving adult patients with E. coil BSI and its recurrence from January 2017 to December 2018. Recurrence was subdivided into early onset (4–30 days after initial BSI) and late onset (31–270 days after initial BSI). We evaluated risk factors for recurrent BSI and microbiological determinants of E. coli isolated from patients with recurrent BSI. Results: Of 808 patients with E. coli BSI, 57 (6.31%) had recurrence (29 of early onset and 28 of late onset) during study period. Data of 149 patients with single episode, whose samples were available for determining the sequence type 131 and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genotype, were selected for comparison. In recurrent BSI, liver cirrhosis, vascular catheter, and ESBL phenotype were more common, and the Charlson comorbidity index and sequential organ failure assessment score were higher than those of single episode BSI. Vascular catheter (odds ratio [OR], 4.588; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.049–20.068), ESBL phenotype (OR, 2.037; 95% CI, 1.037–3.999) and sequential organ failure assessment score ≥9 (OR, 3.210; 95% CI, 1.359–7.581) were independent risk factors for recurrence. The proportion of the ESBL genotype was higher in early onset recurrent BSI (41.4%) than in late onset recurrent BSI (25%) or single episode BSI (16.8%); the E. coli isolated from the former was resistant to most antimicrobial agents. Whole genome sequencing performed on 27 of the available ESBL–producing E. coli samples (11 from single episode, 11 from early onset recurrence, and 5 from late onset recurrence) demonstrated that various virulence factors, resistant genes, and plasmid types existed in isolates from all types of BSI. Among 28 patients of late onset recurrence, 8 episodes were available for pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis and 3 (37.5%) were caused by an identical strain.Conclusions: This study outlines risk factors contributing to the recurrence and microbiological features of E. coli causing recurrent BSI, which may be helpful for healthcare providers.
Potential Roles of Climate Feedback, Ocean Vertical Mixing and Overturning Circulation in Mitigating Global Warming
Authors: Yang Haijun , Yang Qiangzi , Li Yang , Zhou Xiangying 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Despite the rapid increase of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere during the past 50 years, observed global mean surface temperature (GMST) showed a pause in the warming trend during the first decade of the twenty-first century. This is referred to as the global warming “hiatus.” A dominant hypothesis emphasizes that the superimposition of the cold phase of the Pacific decadal variability and the global warming trend can lead to the hiatus. This also implies a future acceleration of global warming once the Pacific decadal variability enters its warm phase. Using simply energy balance model, we explore three potential mechanisms that may restrain the GMST warming trend: enhanced negative climate feedback, downward ocean vertical mixing and overturning circulation. Forced by linearly increasing heating, a stronger negative climate feedback can reduce the GMST warming rate, but cannot result in a warming hiatus. Although the global overall climate feedback can be assumed to be more negative theoretically, in reality this feedback is likely to become more positive, which would potentially result in a disastrous runaway climate in several decades. Enhanced downward mixing of heat can cause a short-lived hiatus of surface warming rate, but this would eventually accelerate the surface warming in the long run. A stronger overturning circulation can transport more surface warm water downward just temporarily, which cannot stop the warming trend. This study suggests that in the long run, the only route to contain the global warming effectively is to reduce the GHGs.
Outcomes of Proton Therapy for Non-small Cell Lung Cancer in Patients with Interstitial Pneumonia
Authors: Hashimoto Shingo , Iwata Hiromitsu , Hattori Yukiko , Nakajima Koichiro , Nomura Kento , Hayashi Kensuke , Toshito Toshiyuki , Yamamori Eiko , Akita Kenji , Mizoe Jun-etsu , Ogino Hiroyuki , Shibamoto Yuta 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background:Interstitial pneumonia (IP) is a disease with a poor prognosis. In addition, IP patients are more likely to develop lung cancer. Since IP patients frequently develop toxicities during cancer treatment, minimally invasive cancer treatment is warranted for such patients to maintain their quality of life. This study retrospectively investigated the efficacy and safety of proton therapy (PT) for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in patients with IP.Methods:Twenty-nine NSCLC patients with IP were treated with PT between September 2013 and December 2019. The patients had stage IA to IIIB primary NSCLC. Ten of the 29 patients exhibited the usual interstitial pneumonia pattern. The prescribed dose was 66-74 Grays (relative biological effectiveness) in 10-37 fractions.Results:The median follow-up period was 17.4 months (interquartile range (IQR), 9.5–32.7). The median patient age was 77 years (IQR, 71–81). The median planning target volume was 112.0 ml (IQR, 56.1–246.3). The 2-year local control, progression-free survival, and overall survival rates were 77% (95% confidence interval: 34 to 94), 31% (13–50), and 50% (26–70), respectively. According to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (version 4.0), grade 3 acute radiation pneumonitis (RP) was observed in 1 patient. Two patients developed grade 3 late RP, but no other patients experienced serious toxicities. The patients’ quality of life (European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30 and QLQ-LC13 and SF-36) scores had not changed after 3 months.Conclusions:﻿PT may safely control NSCLC without adversely affecting the daily lives of IP patients.
The Preparation of Au NPs/RGO-MoO 2 Composite Modified Electrode and Simultaneous Detection of Acetaminophen and Dopamine
Authors: Gu Jiang-dong , An Qiu-feng , Yang Wu , Pang Ling-yan , He Ya-fei 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Dopamine (DA) exists in human body fluids and is the most basic metabolite of the human body, and it is an important neurotransmitter in the central nervous system of animals. Acetaminophen (AMP) is commonly used as cold medicine to treat fever and relieve pain. The safe dosage is very important to human health. Therefore, it is very important to construct an accurate, efficient and fast detection method for detecting AMP and DA. In this paper, Au NPs/RGO-MoO 2 composite modified electrode was prepared for the detection of AMP and DA , We can see that the synergy between RGO-MoO 2 nanomaterials and Au NPs and can promote the electrochemical reaction of AMP and DA, and the oxidation peak potential difference is greater than 180 mV. The linear range of the sensor for detecting AMP is 0.05~320 μmol/L while the linear range of DA is 0.6~260 μmol/L, and the detection limits are 7.2 nmol/L and 13 nmol/L (S/N=3) respectively. The Au NPs/ RGO-MoO 2 /GCE sensor can be used for the detection of AMP and DA in actual samples because of its excellent characteristics such as wide linear range, lower detection limit, excellent reproducibility, stability, and high selectivity
Pharmacognostic Identification of the Green Peel of Juglans mandshurica Maxim. from Different Regions and Harvest Times
Authors: Chen Jielin , Wang Chao , Yan Yongjie , Wang Lihong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: The green peel of Juglans mandshurica Maxim. (QLY) can be used as medicine, also known as Qinglongyi[1]. The aim of this study was to identify QLY from the different regions and harvest times by pharmacognostic identification.Methods: In this study, the morphological character, microscopic character and juglone’s content of QLY from different regions and harvest times were compared by morphological identification, paraffin section and powder section, physico-chemical identification and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).Results: Morphological identification results that the colour of outer surfaces of peels which harvested from Tangyuan county of Heilongjiang Province in July, August and September are respectively yellow brown, tan and black brown , and the color of the solution graded gradually from light brown yellow to brownish black by water-based test (WBT). The colour of outer surfaces of peels which harvested from Changbai county of Jilin Province in July, August and September are respectively yellowish white, brownish yellow and pale brown, and the color of the solution gradually changed from light brown to dark brown by WBT. As well as the colour of outer surfaces of peels which harvested from Qingyuan county of Liaoning Province in July, August and respectively September are Light yellowish green, light brownish green and brown green, and the color of the solution gradually changed from light green to dark brown by WBT. With the increase of growth period, the number of microscopic characteristics of different Qinglongyi increased. Through physico-chemical identification, it was found that the yield of juglone in QLY picked on September 21, 2016 was the highest, and the content of juglone, whose order was Heilongjiang > Jilin > Liaoning, was as high as 203.476 μg/g.Conclusions: Through comparison, it is concluded that Heilongjiang Province is one of the high-quality producing areas of QLY, and its best harvest time is in the middle and first ten-day period of September to harvest QLY without softening, yellowing and decay. This experiment provides a theoretical basis for the determination of the best harvest conditions in QLY and the establishment of identification standards for medicinal materials.
Randomized Double-blind Placebo-controlled Proof-of-concept Trial of Resveratrol for Outpatient Treatment of Mild Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)
Authors: McCreary Marvin R. , Schnell Patrick M. , Rhoda Dale A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Resveratrol is a polyphenol that has been well studied and has demonstrated anti-viral and anti-inflammatory properties that might mitigate the effects of COVID-19. Outpatients (N=105) were recruited from central Ohio in late 2020. Participants were randomly assigned to receive placebo or resveratrol. Both groups received a single dose of Vitamin D3 which was used as an adjunct. The primary outcome measure was hospitalization within 21 days of symptom onset; secondary measures were ER visits, incidence of pneumonia and pulmonary embolism. Five patients chose not to participate after randomization. Twenty-one day outcome was determined of all one hundred participants (mean [SD] age 55.6 [8.8] years; 61% female) (or their surrogates). There were no clinically significant adverse events attributed to resveratrol. Outpatients in this phase 2 study treated with resveratrol had a lower incidence compared to placebo of: hospitalization (2% vs. 6%, RR 0.33, 95% CI 0.04-3.10), COVID-related ER visits (8% vs. 14%, RR 0.57, 95% CI 0.18-1.83), and pneumonia (8% vs. 16%, RR 0.5, 95% CI 0.16-1.55). One patient (2%) in each group developed pulmonary embolism (RR 1.00, 95% CI: 0.06-15.55). This underpowered study was limited by small sample size and low incidence of primary adverse events. A larger trial could determine efficacy.TRIAL REGISTRATIONS: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04400890 26/05/2020; FDA IND #150033 05/05/2020
Comparison of the Effects of Different Regional Blockade Techniques on Occurrence of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) After Major Thoracic and Abdominal Surgeries Under General Anesthesia: A Propensity Matching Analysis
Authors: Zhang Feng , Zhou Yan , Liu Si 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Recently, it has been under consideration that the anesthetic techniques used during general anesthesia may have influence over the development of acute kidney injury and other postoperative outcomes. For this reason, we aimed to compare the effects of different regional blockade techniques (peripheral nerve blockade versus neuraxial epidural) on occurrence of acute kidney injury (AKI) after thoracic and abdominal surgeries under general anesthesia.Methods: In a single-center retrospective cohort study, 2846 patients undergoing elective thoracic or abdominal surgery during a period of seven years were included into the study. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of AKI postoperatively within a seven-day period in-hospital. Perioperative data were obtained and analyzed to provide data for secondary endpoints that include all other outcome related parameters. To reduce the influence of potential confounding factors, propensity score (PS) analysis was performed. Multivariate logistic regression models examined the selection of an epidural or PNB in general anesthesia before and after propensity score weighting analysis.Results: Of the 2846 patients, 7.3% (207 cases) suffered AKI. The odds ratio of AKI for PNB (epidural as reference) was 0.61 (0.40~0.83), P = 0.006. After propensity score matching, the odds ratio for PNB was [0.49 (0.28~0.70), P = 0.001]. All other outcome related parameters were considered and evaluated.Conclusions: After PS matching analysis, there is no difference in secondary outcome analysis of groups that received PNB or epidural neuraxial blockade who were both under general anesthesia. However, patients who received PNB under general anesthesia showed lower incidence of AKI within seven days postoperatively.
An Equity Analysis on the Household Costs of Accessing and Utilising Primary Health Care Services in Tanzania
Authors: Binyaruka Peter , Borghi Josephine 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Direct and time costs of accessing and using health care may limit health care access, affect welfare loss, and lead to catastrophic spending especially among poorest households. To date, limited attention has been given to time and transport costs and how these costs are distributed across patients, facility and service types especially in poor settings. We aimed to fill this knowledge gap.Methods: We used data from 1407 patients in 150 facilities in Tanzania. Data were collected in January 2012 through patient exit-interviews. All costs were disaggregated across patients, facility and service types. Data were analysed descriptively by using means, medians and equity measures like equity gap, ratio and concentration index. Results: 71% of patients, especially the poorest and rural patients, accessed care on foot. The average travel time and cost were 30 minutes and 0.41USD respectively. The average waiting time and consultation time were 47 minutes and 13 minutes respectively. The average medical cost was 0.23 USD but only18% of patients paid for health care. The poorest and rural patients faced substantial time burden to access health care (travel and waiting) but incurred less transport and medical costs compared to their counterparts. The consultation time was almost similar across patients. Patients spent more time travelling to public facilities and dispensaries while incurring less transport cost than accessing other facility types, but waiting and consultation time was almost similar across facility types. Patients spent more time travelling to public facilities and dispensaries with less transport cost than accessing other facility types. Patients paid less amount in public than in private facilities. Postnatal care and vaccination clients spent less waiting and consultation time and paid less medical cost than antenatal care clients. Conclusions: Our findings reinforce the need for a greater investment in primary health care to reduce access barriers and cost burdens especially among the worse-offs. Facility’s construction and renovation and increased supply of healthcare workers and medical commodities are potential initiatives to consider. Other initiatives may need a multi-sectoral collaboration.
Study on Life Model of MOV Based on Multiple Parameters and Surge History
Authors: Xiaofei RUAN , JIN Shaoyun , Weigang WEN , Weidong CHENG 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
With the advance of intelligent operation and maintenance in china railways, the requirement of condition monitoring and remaining life prediction for lightning protection equipment has become increasingly urgent. MOV(Metal Oxide Varistor) is the key component of railway surge protector, and it is necessary to study the description model of its degradation process. The output of the model that uses a single parameter to characterize degradation is more prone to contingency, and cannot truly and fully reflect the life state of the MOV. The degradation of MOV is a cumulative effect, and its life model should consider the surge history information. In view of the above problems, a prediction model of the residual life value of MOV is given by combining various degradation related parameters and surge history. Firstly, nine degradation related parameters are fused to construct degradation core. Then, the degradation core and surge history are fused through Markov chain to build a life model of MOV. Then, the model is calibrated with experimental data. Finally, the model is validated and analyzed by experiments. The model can describe the degradation process of MOV more comprehensively and accurately, and can predict the residual life value at the same time, and it has potential application in the life assessment of surge protective devices.
Personality Matters: Exploring the Relationship between Personality and Stress Physiology in Captive African Lions
Authors: Vaz Janice , Bartley Alana , Hunt John 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Considering animals as individuals and not as species is becoming increasingly essential to animal welfare management. Recent studies on big cat personalities and coping strategies suggest personality can help big cats cope in their surroundings. Yet, a large portion of the published literature focuses on understanding either the personality or stress physiology of big cats in isolation. Our research shows how integrating an improved understanding of the personality of big cats with stress physiology may enhance welfare, especially endangered species like African lions. By using a wild cat personality checklist, this study compared African lion personality with its faecal stress glucocorticoids non-invasively. Results: We identified three personality types for individual African lions (Dominance, Agreeableness and Neuroticism) and examined whether these dimensions varied with stress cortisol levels. When controlling for differences in age across lions, we found a strong negative correlation between Agreeableness in lions and their glucocorticoid levels. This suggests that the personality of a lion may help it cope with its surroundings. Conclusions: Our findings can assist with the better management of big cats and it is proposed that ex-situ managers of zoos and rescue centres incorporate the personality data of their animals into the Zoological Information Management Software (ZIMS). This data can be accessed globally and can be useful for caretakers managing their animals according to their needs while undergoing veterinary procedures or in reintroduction programs. Thus, by improving individual welfare, we can improve overall welfare of big cats.
Assessment of Plasmodium Falciparum Antimalarial Drug Resistance Markers in pfcrt and pfmdr1 Genes in Isolates from Honduras and Nicaragua, 2018-2021
Authors: Fontecha Gustavo Adolfo , Pinto Alejandra , Archaga Osman , Betancourth Sergio , Escober Lenin , Henríquez Jessica , Valdivia Hugo O , Montoya Alberto , Mejía Rosa Elena 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Central America and the island of Hispaniola have set out to eliminate malaria by 2030. However, since 2014 a notable upturn in the number of cases has been reported in La Mosquitia region shared by Nicaragua and Honduras. In addition, the proportion of Plasmodium falciparum malaria cases has increased significantly relative to vivax malaria. Chloroquine continues to be the first line drug to treat uncomplicated malaria in the region. The objective of this study was to evaluate the emergence of chloroquine resistant strains using a genetic approach. Methods: 205 blood samples from patients infected with P. falciparum between 2018 and 2021 were analyzed. The pfcrt gene fragment encompassing codons 72-76 was analyzed. Likewise, three fragments of the pfmdr1 gene were analyzed in 51 samples by nested PCR and sequencing. Results: All samples revealed the CVMNK wild phenotype for the pfcrt gene and the N86, Y184F, S1034C, N1042D, D1246 phenotype for the pfmdr1 gene. Conclusions: The increase in falciparum malaria cases in Nicaragua and Honduras cannot be attributed to the emergence of chloroquine-resistant mutants. Other possibilities should be investigated further. This is the first study to report the genotype of pfmdr1 for five loci of interest in Central America.
WITHDRAWN: Modeling Post-harvest Quality by StanSAT, Applied to Cucumis Sativus L.
Authors: Cheng Chen , Xu Xinxing , Dong Chaoyang , Gong Zhihong , Barcena J. Fernando Bienvenido 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Crop post-harvest quality model is designed to dynamically and accurately simulate the quality change process. In this study, the relationship between morphological indices and fruit quality (external quality and internal quality) were quantitatively simulated, and the post-harvest quality and quality evaluation value simulation model were established for the first time with standardized stress accumulated temperature (\({\text{S}\text{t}\text{a}\text{n}}_{\text{S}\text{A}\text{T}}\)). The results showed: 1) There were significant linear relationships between the fresh weight and the volume, the darker value and the color value, the tan H and the color value, and the water content and the soluble solid content. There was a significant quadratic relationship between fruit density and fruit shape index. There was a significant logarithmic relationship between the tan H and the darker value. 2) The quality indices, including quality evaluation value, darkness value, color value, darker value, shape index, tan H and density, showed a linear change trend with \({\text{S}\text{t}\text{a}\text{n}}_{\text{S}\text{A}\text{T}}\). The soluble solid content showed a quadratic function variation trend with \({\text{S}\text{t}\text{a}\text{n}}_{\text{S}\text{A}\text{T}}\). 3) For each quality index, normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) of each quality index and its evaluation simulation model based on \({\text{S}\text{t}\text{a}\text{n}}_{\text{S}\text{A}\text{T}}\) were from 1.58 % to 17.85 %, which showed the post-harvest quality index and quality evaluation simulation have high accuracy. Generally, the model could systematically and quantitatively express the dynamic process of post-harvest quality of cucumber.