bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time trends and social inequalities in child malnutrition: nationwide estimates from Brazil’s food and nutrition surveillance system, 2009–2017
Authors: Ribeiro-Silva Rita de Cássia , Silva Natanael de Jesus , Felisbino-Mendes Mariana Santos , Falcão Ila Rocha , de Andrade Rafaella da Costa Santin , Silva Sara Araújo , Nilson Eduardo Augusto Fernandes , Spaniol Ana Maria , Fiaccone Rosemeire Leovigildo , Paixão Enny , Ichihara Maria Yury Travassos , Velasquez-Melendez Gustavo , Barreto Maurício Lima 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjective:In Brazil, national estimates of childhood malnutrition have not been updated since 2006. The use of health information systems is an important complementary data source for analysing time trends on health and nutrition. This study aimed to examine temporal trends and socio-demographic inequalities in the prevalence of malnutrition in children attending primary health care services between 2009 and 2017.Design:Time trends study based on data from Brazil’s Food and Nutrition Surveillance System. Malnutrition prevalence (stunting, wasting, overweight and double burden) was annually estimated by socio-demographic variables. Prais–Winsten regression models were used to analyse time trends. Annual percent change (APC) and 95 % CI were calculated.Setting:Primary health care services, Brazil.Participants:Children under 5 years old.Results:In total, 15,239,753 children were included. An increase in the prevalence of overweight (APC = 3·4 %;P= 0·015) and a decline in the prevalence of wasting (–6·2 %;P= 0·002) were observed. The prevalence of stunting (–3·2 %,P= 0·359) and double burden (–1·4 %,P= 0·630) had discrete and non-significant reductions. Despite the significant reduction in the prevalence of undernutrition among children in the most vulnerable subgroups (black, conditional cash transfer’s recipients and residents of poorest and less developed areas), high prevalence of stunting and wasting persist alongside a disproportionate increase in the prevalence of overweight in these groups.Conclusions:The observed pattern in stunting (high and persistent prevalence) and increase in overweight elucidate setbacks in advances already observed in previous periods and stresses the need for social and political strategies to address multiple forms of malnutrition.
Community-based management of acute malnutrition for infants under 6 months of age is safe and effective: analysis of operational data
Authors: Woeltje Maeve M , Evanoff Anastasia B , Helmink Beth A , Culbertson Diana L , Maleta Kenneth M , Manary Mark J , Trehan Indi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjective:To assess the effectiveness of outpatient management with ready-to-use and supplementary foods for infants under 6 months (u6m) of age who were unable to be treated as inpatients due to social and economic barriers.Design:Review of operational acute malnutrition treatment records.Setting:Twenty-one outpatient therapeutic feeding clinics in rural Malawi.Participants:Infants u6m with acute malnutrition treated as outpatients because of barriers to inpatient treatment. The comparison group consisted of acutely malnourished children 6–9 months of age who were being treated at the same time in the same location in the context of two different randomised clinical trials.Results:A total of 323 infants u6m were treated for acute malnutrition (130 severe and 193 moderate). A total of 357 infants 6–9 months old with acute malnutrition (seventy-four severe and 283 moderate) were included as contemporaneous controls. Among infants u6m with severe acute malnutrition, 98 (75·4 %) achieved nutritional recovery; in comparison, 56 (75·7 %) of those with severe acute malnutrition 6–9 months old recovered. Among infants u6m with moderate acute malnutrition, 157 (81·3 %) recovered; in comparison, 241 (85·2 %) of those aged 6–9 months recovered.Conclusions:In a rural Malawian population of infants u6m who had generally already stopped exclusive breast-feeding and were now acutely malnourished, treatment with therapeutic or supplementary foods under the community management of acute malnutrition model was safe and effective. In settings where social and financial factors make hospital admission challenging, consideration should be given to lowering the recommended age of ready-to-use therapeutic and supplementary foods to infants u6m.
Does Peoples’ Keyboard Typing Reflect Their Stress Level?
Authors: Freihaut Paul , Göritz Anja S. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Keyboard-typing tracking offers a convenient behavioral data collection method in web-based study settings. This paper investigated the feasibility of utilizing keyboard-typing for stress measurement. We present data from two experiments: a laboratory study with N = 53 participants and an online study with N = 924 participants. In both studies, participants typed standardized text sequences during a high-stress or low-stress condition. The manipulation checks revealed consistent differences in participant’s stress levels according to experimental conditions. The analysis of 11 typing features with frequentist and machine learning methods revealed a few isolated links between stress and keyboard typing, but the results were inconsistent across both studies and the analysis methods. To foster replication, critical discussion, and new developments, we follow the open science principles of open data, source, and methodology.
Concentration‐Discharge Patterns Across the Gulf of Alaska Reveal Geomorphological and Glacierization Controls on Stream Water Solute Generation and Export
Authors: Jenckes Jordan , Ibarra Daniel E. , Munk Lee Ann 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHigh‐latitude glacierized coastal catchments of the Gulf of Alaska (GoA) are undergoing rapid hydrologic changes in response to climate change and glacial recession. These catchments deliver important nutrients in the form of both inorganic and organic matter to the nearshore marine environment, yet are relatively understudied with respect to characterization of the sediment and solute generation processes and total yields. Using multiple linear regression informed by Bayesian Information Criterion analysis we empirically demonstrate how watershed characteristics affect suspended sediment and solute generation as represented by concentration‐discharge relationships. We find that watershed mean slope and relief control solute generation and that solute yields are influenced most by glacier coverage. We contribute a new flux and concentration‐discharge based conceptualization for understanding solute cycles across a hydroclimatic gradient of GoA watersheds that can be used to better understand future watershed responses to rapid hydrologic change.
Elevated serum S14 levels are associated with more severe liver steatosis by ultrasonography
Authors: Lin Wen-Ti , Yang Kuen-Cheh , Chen Yen-Ting , Huang Kuo-Chin , Yang Wei-Shiung 
Published: December 2021

AbstractS14 has been identified as a potent stimulator of de novo hepatic lipogenesis (DNL) in rodents. However, it is unclear how S14 is regulated in humans with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum S14 and liver steatosis in humans with NAFLD. A total of 614 participants were recruited from community. Liver steatosis were evaluated according to the Ultrasonographic Fatty Liver Indicator (US-FLI), which is a semi-quantitative liver ultrasound score. Anthropometric and biochemical indices were collected for further analysis. The risk of liver steatosis severity was estimated by a cumulative logistic regression model. NAFLD was found in 52.2% of the participants. The subjects with NAFLD showed higher levels of waist circumference, body mass index, insulin resistance, aspartate aminotransferase, dyslipidemia, visceral fat, serum S14 and risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) than those of controls. Compared with the first tertile of serum S14, the odds ratios for the risk of more severe liver steatosis were 1.22 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.78–1.92) for those of the second tertile and 2.08 (95% CI: 1.28–3.39) for the third tertile (P for trend < 0.05) after adjusting for confounding factors. Higher serum S14 level was not only found in NAFLD subjects but also was positively correlated with the severity of liver steatosis. S14 may play an important role in the mechanism of DNL for NAFLD in humans.
Diagnostic value of PPARδ and miRNA-17 expression levels in patients with non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Migdalska-Sęk Monika , Modrzewska Barbara , Kordiak Jacek , Pastuszak-Lewandoska Dorota , Kiszałkiewicz Justyna M. , Bielec Filip , Antczak Adam , Brzeziańska-Lasota Ewa 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe PPARδ gene codes protein that belongs to the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) family engaged in a variety of biological processes, including carcinogenesis. Specific biological and clinical roles of PPARδ in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is not fully explained. The association of PPARα with miRNA regulators (e.g. miRNA-17) has been documented, suggesting the existence of a functional relationship of all PPARs with epigenetic regulation. The aim of the study was to determine the PPARδ and miR-17 expression profiles in NSCLC and to assess their diagnostic value in lung carcinogenesis. PPARδ and miR-17 expressions was assessed by qPCR in NSCLC tissue samples (n = 26) and corresponding macroscopically unchanged lung tissue samples adjacent to the primary lesions served as control (n = 26). PPARδ and miR-17 expression were significantly lower in NSCLC than in the control (p = 0.0001 and p = 0.0178; respectively). A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis demonstrated the diagnostic potential in discriminating NSCLC from the control with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.914 for PPARδ and 0.692 for miR-17. Significant increase in PPARδ expression in the control for current smokers vs. former smokers (p = 0.0200) and increase in miR-17 expression in control tissue adjacent to adenocarcinoma subtype (p = 0.0422) were observed. Overexpression of miR-17 was observed at an early stage of lung carcinogenesis, which may suggest that it acts as a putative oncomiR. PPARδ and miR-17 may be markers differentiating tumour tissue from surgical margin and miR-17 may have diagnostic role in NSCLC histotypes differentiation.
Sitafloxacin reduces tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) converting enzyme (TACE) phosphorylation and activity to inhibit TNFα release from lipopolysaccharide-stimulated THP-1 cells
Authors: Sakamaki Ippei , Fukushi Michika , Ohashi Wakana , Tanaka Yukie , Itoh Kazuhiro , Tomihara Kei , Yamamoto Yoshihiro , Iwasaki Hiromichi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSepsis is a systemic reaction to an infection and resulting in excessive production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. It sometimes results in septic shock. The present study aimed to identify quinolone antibiotics that can reduce tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) production and to elucidate mechanisms underlying inhibition of TNFα production. We identified quinolone antibiotics reduced TNFα production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated THP-1 cells. Sitafloxacin (STFX) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic of the quinolone class. STFX effectively suppressed TNFα production in LPS-stimulated THP-1 cells in a dose-dependent manner and increased extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation. The percentage of intracellular TNFα increased in LPS-stimulated cells with STFX compared with that in LPS-stimulated cells. TNFα converting enzyme (TACE) released TNFα from the cells, and STFX suppressed TACE phosphorylation and activity. To conclude, one of the mechanisms underlying inhibition of TNFα production in LPS-stimulated THP-1 cells treated with STFX is the inhibition of TNFα release from cells via the suppression of TACE phosphorylation and activity. STFX may kill bacteria and suppress inflammation. Therefore, it can be effective for sepsis treatment.
Conserving evolutionarily distinct species is critical to safeguard human well-being
Authors: Molina-Venegas Rafael 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAlthough there is growing interest in safeguarding the Tree of Life to preserve the human benefits that are directly provided by biodiversity, their evolutionary distribution remains unknown, which has hampered our understanding of the potential of phylodiversity indicators to evince them. Here, I drew on a global review of plant benefits and comprehensive phylogenetic information to breakdown their evolutionary distribution and thereby show why the commonly used Phylogenetic Diversity and Evolutionary Distinctiveness indicators can unequivocally help to preserve these natural services. Beneficial species clumped within phylogenetically overdispersed genera and closely related species often contributed very few and redundant benefits, suggesting that multiple plant lineages are required to maintain a wide variety of services. Yet, a reduced number of species stood out as multi-beneficial and evolutionarily distinct plants relative to both the entire phylogeny and the subset of beneficial species, and they collectively contributed a higher-than-expected number of records for most types of benefits. In addition to providing a clear mechanistic understanding for the recently proved success of Phylogenetic Diversity in capturing plant benefits, these findings stress the decisive role that conservation programmes aimed at protecting evolutionarily distinct taxa will play in safeguarding the beneficial potential of biodiversity for the future.
Inhibition of HDAC3 protects against kidney cold storage/transplantation injury and allograft dysfunction
Authors: Xiang Xiaohong , Dong Guie , Zhu Jiefu , Zhang Gang , Dong Zheng 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Cold storage/rewarming is an inevitable process for kidney transplantation from deceased donors, which correlates closely with renal ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) and the occurrence of delayed graft function. Histone deacetylases (HDAC) are important epigenetic regulators, but their involvement in cold storage/rewarming injury in kidney transplantation is unclear. In the present study, we showed a dynamic change of HDAC3 in a mouse model of kidney cold storage followed by transplantation. We then demonstrated that the selective HDAC3 inhibitor RGFP966 could reduce acute tubular injury and cell death after prolonged cold storage with transplantation. RGFP966 also improved renal function, kidney repair and tubular integrity when the transplanted kidney became the sole life-supporting graft in the recipient mouse. In vitro, cold storage of proximal tubular cells followed by rewarming induced remarkable cell death, which was suppressed by RGFP966 or knockdown of HDAC3 with shRNA. Inhibition of HDAC3 decreased the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis and preserved mitochondrial membrane potential. Collectively, HDAC3 plays a pathogenic role in cold storage/rewarming injury in kidney transplantation, and its inhibition may be a therapeutic option.
The acute pressure natriuresis response is suppressed by selective ETA receptor blockade
Authors: Culshaw Geoffrey , Binnie David , Dhaun Neeraj , Hadoke Patrick , Bailey Matthew , Webb David J 
Published: December 2021

Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. In a significant minority of people, it develops when salt intake is increased (salt-sensitivity). It is not clear whether this represents impaired vascular function or disruption to the relationship between blood pressure (BP) and renal salt-handling (pressure natriuresis, PN). Endothelin-1 (ET-1) regulates BP via ETA and ETB receptor subtypes. Blockade of ETA receptors reduces BP, but promotes sodium retention by an unknown mechanism. ETB blockade increases both BP and sodium retention. We hypothesised that ETA blockade promotes sodium and water retention by suppressing PN. We also investigated whether suppression of PN might reflect off-target ETB blockade. Acute PN was induced by sequential arterial ligation in male Sprague Dawley rats. Intravenous atrasentan (ETA antagonist, 5mg/kg) halved the normal increase in medullary perfusion and reduced sodium and water excretion by &gt;60%. This was not due to off-target ETB blockade because intravenous A-192621 (ETB antagonist, 10mg/kg) increased natriuresis by 50% without modifying medullary perfusion. In a separate experiment in salt-loaded rats monitored by radiotelemetry, oral atrasentan reduced systolic and diastolic BP by ~10mmHg, but additional oral A-192621 reversed these effects. Endogenous ETA stimulation has natriuretic effects mediated by renal vascular dilation while endogenous ETB stimulation in the kidney has antinatriuretic effects via renal tubular mechanisms. Pharmacological manipulation of vascular function with ET antagonists modifies the BP set-point, but even highly selective ETA antagonists attenuate PN, which may be associated with salt and water retention.
Evolution of dust in protoplanetary disks of eruptive stars
Authors: Vorobyov Eduard I. , Skliarevskii Aleksandr M. , Molyarova Tamara , Akimkin Vitaly , Pavlyuchenkov Yaroslav , Kóspál Ágnes , Liu Hauyu Baobab , Takami Michihiro , Topchieva Anastasiia 
Published: December 2021

Aims. Luminosity bursts in young FU Orionis-type stars warm up the surrounding disks of gas and dust, thus inflicting changes on their morphological and chemical composition. In this work, we aim at studying the effects that such bursts may have on the spatial distribution of dust grain sizes and the corresponding spectral index in protoplanetary disks.
Methods. We use the numerical hydrodynamics code FEOSAD, which simulates the co-evolution of gas, dust, and volatiles in a protoplanetary disk, taking dust growth and back reaction on gas into account. The dependence of the maximum dust size on the water ice mantles is explicitly considered. The burst is initialized by increasing the luminosity of the central star to 100–300 L⊙ for a time period of 100 yr.
Results. The water snowline shifts during the burst to a larger distance, resulting in the drop of the maximum dust size interior to the snowline position because of more efficient fragmentation of bare grains. After the burst, the water snowline shifts quickly back to its preburst location followed by renewed dust growth. The timescale of dust regrowth after the burst depends on the radial distance so that the dust grains at smaller distances reach the preburst values faster than the dust grains at larger distances. As a result, a broad peak in the radial distribution of the spectral index in the millimeter dust emission develops at ≈10 au, which shifts further out as the disk evolves and dust grains regrow to preburst values at progressively larger distances. This feature is most pronounced in evolved axisymmetric disks rather than in young gravitationally unstable counterparts, although young disks may still be good candidates if gravitational instability is suppressed. We confirmed our earlier conclusion that spiral arms do not act as strong dust accumulators because of the Stokes number dropping below 0.01 within the arms, but this trend may change in low-turbulence disks.
Conclusions. We argue that, depending on the burst strength and disk conditions, a broad peak in the radial distribution of the spectral index can last for up to several thousand years after the burst has ended and can be used to infer past bursts in otherwise quiescent protostars. The detection of a similar peak in the disk around V883 Ori, an FU Orionis-type star with an unknown eruption date, suggests that such features may be common in the post-outburst objects.
Sterben ist Leben
Authors: Kern Martina 
Published: December 2021

SummaryPalliative Care ist ein ganzheitliches, multiprofessionelles Konzept mit dem Ziel, die Lebensqualität schwerstkranker und sterbender Menschen sowie ihrer Angehörigen zu verbessern. In der Palliativversorgung kommt der realistischen Definition von Zielen eine besondere Rolle zu. Dies birgt die Chance, die Selbstwirksamkeit der Patientinnen und Patienten zu stärken. Ein Fallbeispiel veranschaulicht, wie Palliative Care gelebt werden kann und wie wichtig in diesem Zusammenhang ein Wirken auf Augenhöhe mit den schwerstkranken Menschen und ihren Angehörigen ist.
Die Rolle des Nadel-EMG in der modernen
Myopathiediagnostik
Authors: Dengler Reinhard 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Arbeit beschreibt die Möglichkeiten des Nadel-EMG in der Diagnostik
von Myopathien. Es wird das Vorkommen verschiedener Arten von pathologischer
Spontanaktivität (PSA), die Unterscheidung von neuropathischen und
myopathischen Veränderungen bei der Analyse von Potentialen motorischer
Einheiten (PME) und der Stellenwert des Interferenzmusters bei
Maximalinnervation besprochen. Das EMG kann zwar mit Ausnahme der myotonen
Syndrome nicht zuverlässig zwischen verschiedenen Myopathien
unterscheiden, kann aber zumindest normal und krank sowie neuropathisch und
myopathisch voneinander abgrenzen. Insbesondere kann es auch helfen zu
entscheiden, ob die weitere Diagnostik über eine Muskelbiopsie oder
über Molekulargenetik laufen soll.
Die Gesundheitskompetenz von angehenden Ärzt*innen
Pflegenden, Hebammen, Therapeut*innen und
Gesundheitsmanager*innen in Deutschland – Explorative
Pilotstudie
Authors: Simon Anke , Ebinger Margrit , Holoch Elisabeth 
Published: December 2021

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Gesundheitskompetenz ist definiert als die Fähigkeit
Gesundheitsinformationen zu sammeln, zu verstehen, zu beurteilen und anzuwenden.
Studien zeigen, dass die deutsche Bevölkerung lediglich über ein
durchschnittliches Ausmaß an Gesundheitskompetenz verfügt. Die
Gesundheitskompetenz des Gesundheitspersonals, wie z. B.
Pflegefachpersonen, Ärzte und Ärztinnen oder Hebammen spielt
eine entscheidende Rolle bei der Förderung der Gesundheitskompetenz von
Patient*innen sowie der eigenen Gesunderhaltung. Bisher liegen in
Deutschland keine empirischen Erkenntnisse zur Gesundheitskompetenz von
Angehörigen der Gesundheitsberufe vor. Ziel dieser Studie ist es, das
selbst eingeschätzte Ausmaß an Gesundheitskompetenz von
Angehörigen der Gesundheitsberufe zu erheben.
Methodik An der Studie nahmen 583 Berufsanwärter und
Berufsanwärterinnen der Abschlussjahrgänge der DHBW Stuttgart
sowie dualer Kooperationspartner (Berufsfachschulen und Akademische
Lehrkrankenhäuser) teil. Diese umfassten Absolventen und Absolventinnen
der Pflege, Hebammenkunde, Therapie
(Logopädie/Physio-/Ergotherapie) sowie des Managements
im Gesundheitswesen und Medizinstudierende im Praktischen Jahr. Zur Erfassung
der Gesundheitskompetenz wurde der Fragebogen HLS-EU-Q16 verwendet. Mittels 16
Fragen stuften die Teilnehmenden auf einer 4-stufigen Skala ein, wie leicht bzw.
schwierig es ihnen fiel, gesundheitsrelevante Informationen zu finden, zu
verstehen, zu beurteilen und umzusetzen.
Ergebnisse Lediglich 30,1% der Teilnehmenden verfügen
über eine ausreichende Gesundheitskompetenz; bei 48,9% der
Teilnehmenden zeigte sich eine problematische, bei 21,0% eine
inadäquate Gesundheitskompetenz. Bei der Analyse der einzelnen Fragen
zeigte sich, dass die Teilnehmenden in fast allen Bereichen über mehr
Probleme beim Finden, Verstehen, Beurteilen und Umsetzen gesundheitsrelevanter
Informationen berichten, als Befragte im europäischen Ausland.
Schlussfolgerungen In der vorliegenden Studie zeigte sich, dass angehende
Gesundheitsfachpersonen über eine limitierte Gesundheitskompetenz
verfügen. Weitere Forschung ist nötig, um ein umfassenderes und
differenzierteres Bild der Gesundheitskompetenz bei Gesundheitsfachpersonen zu
erhalten. Die Förderung der Gesundheitskompetenz von Angehörigen
der Gesundheitsberufe sollte systematisch in die Curricula von Ausbildung und
Studium sowie in Patient*innen-nahe Praktika integriert werden.