bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zircon (U-Th)/(He-Pb) double-dating constraints on the interplay between thrust deformation and foreland basin architecture, Sevier foreland basin, Utah
Authors: Pujols E.J. , Stockli D.F. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe Cretaceous Cordilleran foreland basin strata exposed in the Book Cliffs of eastern Utah and western Colorado have motivated important concepts linking thrust belt deformation and foreland basin evolution largely on the basis of sequence stratigraphy, stratal architecture, and sediment provenance evolution. However, these methods and approaches generally cannot provide critical insights into the temporal or causal linkages between foreland basin architecture and thrust belt deformation. This is in part due to discrepancies in age resolution and lack of evidence with which to directly couple sediment supply and basin-fill evolution to thrust belt unroofing. New detrital zircon (DZ) geothermochronometric data from Upper Cretaceous proximal to distal foreland basin strata in the Book Cliffs provide new quantitative insights into sediment origin and dispersal in relation to thrust belt deformation and exhumation. Detailed DZ U-Pb and (U-Th)/He double dating reveals that the Book Cliffs foredeep detritus was mainly delivered by transverse routing systems from two major sources: (1) Neoproterozoic and Lower Paleozoic strata from the central Utah Sevier thrust belt, and (2) Permian–Jurassic and synorogenic Cretaceous strata recycled from the frontal part of the thrust belt. A dramatic increase in Sierran magmatic arc and Yavapai-Mazatzal DZ U-Pb ages, as well as Paleozoic DZ He ages, in the deeper marine portions of the foreland basin points to axial fluvial and littoral sediment input from the Sierran magmatic arc and Mogollon highland sources. Both transverse and axial transport systems acted contemporaneously during eastward propagation of the Late Cretaceous thrust belt. DZ He depositional lag time estimates reveal three distinct exhumation pulses in the Sevier thrust belt in the Cenomanian and Campanian. The exhumation pulses correlate with shifts in sediment provenance, dispersal style, and progradation rates in the foreland basin. These new data support conceptual models that temporally and causally link accelerated exhumation and unroofing in the thrust belt to increases in sediment supply and rapid clastic progradation in the foreland basin.
Cardioversion in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation: observational study using prospectively collected registry data
Authors: Pope Marita Knudsen , Hall Trygve S , Schirripa Valentina , Radic Petra , Virdone Saverio , Pieper Karen S , Le Heuzey Jean-Yves , Jansky Petr , Fitzmaurice David A , Cappato Riccardo , Atar Dan , Camm A John , Kakkar Ajay K 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the clinical outcomes of patients who underwent cardioversion compared with those who did not have cardioverson in a large dataset of patients with recent onset non-valvular atrial fibrillation.DesignObservational study using prospectively collected registry data (Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-AF—GARFIELD-AF).Setting1317 participating sites in 35 countries.Participants52 057 patients aged 18 years and older with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation (up to six weeks’ duration) and at least one investigator determined stroke risk factor.Main outcome measuresComparisons were made between patients who received cardioversion and those who had no cardioversion at baseline, and between patients who received direct current cardioversion and those who had pharmacological cardioversion. Overlap propensity weighting with Cox proportional hazards models was used to evaluate the effect of cardioversion on clinical endpoints (all cause mortality, non-haemorrhagic stroke or systemic embolism, and major bleeding), adjusting for baseline risk and patient selection.Results44 201 patients were included in the analysis comparing cardioversion and no cardioversion, and of these, 6595 (14.9%) underwent cardioversion at baseline. The propensity score weighted hazard ratio for all cause mortality in the cardioversion group was 0.74 (95% confidence interval 0.63 to 0.86) from baseline to one year follow-up and 0.77 (0.64 to 0.93) from one year to two year follow-up. Of the 6595 patients who had cardioversion at baseline, 299 had a follow-up cardioversion more than 48 days after enrolment. 7175 patients were assessed in the analysis comparing type of cardioversion: 2427 (33.8%) received pharmacological cardioversion and 4748 (66.2%) had direct current cardioversion. During one year follow-up, event rates (per 100 patient years) for all cause mortality in patients who received direct current and pharmacological cardioversion were 1.36 (1.13 to 1.64) and 1.70 (1.35 to 2.14), respectively.ConclusionIn this large dataset of patients with recent onset non-valvular atrial fibrillation, a small proportion were treated with cardioversion. Direct current cardioversion was performed twice as often as pharmacological cardioversion, and there appeared to be no major difference in outcome events for these two cardioversion modalities. For the overall cardioversion group, after adjustments for confounders, a significantly lower risk of mortality was found in patients who received early cardioversion compared with those who did not receive early cardioversion.Study registrationClinicalTrials.govNCT01090362.
Clinical features and natural history of the first 2073 suspected COVID-19 cases in the Corona São Caetano primary care programme: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Leal Fabio E , Mendes-Correa Maria C , Buss Lewis Fletcher , Costa Silvia F , Bizario Joao C S , de Souza Sonia R P , Thomaz Osorio , Tozetto-Mendoza Tania Regina , Villas-Boas Lucy S , de Oliveira-da Silva Léa Campos , Grespan Regina M Z , Capuani Ligia , Buccheri Renata , Domingues Helves , Alexander Neal , Mayaud Philippe , Sabino Ester Cerdeira 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundDespite most cases not requiring hospital care, there are limited community-based clinical data on COVID-19.MethodsThe Corona São Caetano programme is a primary care initiative providing care to all residents with COVID-19 in São Caetano do Sul, Brazil. It was designed to capture standardised clinical data on community COVID-19 cases. After triage of potentially severe cases, consecutive patients presenting to a multimedia screening platform between 13 April and 13 May 2020 were tested at home with SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcriptase (RT) PCR; positive patients were followed up for 14 days with phone calls every 2 days. RT-PCR-negative patients were offered additional SARS-CoV-2 serology testing to establish their infection status. We describe the clinical, virological and natural history features of this prospective population-based cohort.FindingsOf 2073 suspected COVID-19 cases, 1583 (76.4%) were tested by RT-PCR, of whom 444 (28.0%, 95% CI 25.9 to 30.3) were positive; 604/1136 (53%) RT-PCR-negative patients underwent serology, of whom 52 (8.6%) tested SARS-CoV-2 seropositive. The most common symptoms of confirmed COVID-19 were cough, fatigue, myalgia and headache; whereas self-reported fever (OR 3.0, 95% CI 2.4 to 3.9), anosmia (OR 3.3, 95% CI 2.6 to 4.4) and ageusia (OR 2.9, 95% CI 2.3 to 3.8) were most strongly associated with a positive COVID-19 diagnosis by RT-PCR or serology. RT-PCR cycle thresholds were lower in men, older patients, those with fever and arthralgia and closer to symptom onset. The rates of hospitalisation and death among 444 RT-PCR-positive cases were 6.7% and 0.7%, respectively, with older age and obesity more frequent in the hospitalised group.ConclusionCOVID-19 presents in a similar way to other mild community-acquired respiratory diseases, but the presence of fever, anosmia and ageusia can assist the specific diagnosis. Most patients recovered without requiring hospitalisation with a low fatality rate compared with other hospital-based studies.
Exploring stakeholder views on intervening in hospital around childhood secondhand smoke exposure (Precedent): a protocol for a qualitative study
Authors: Ferris Erica , Cummins Carole , Chiswell Christopher , Jones Laura 
Published: October 2021

IntroductionSecondhand smoke exposure (SHSe) in childhood is linked with increased morbidity and mortality. Hospital or secondary care contact may present a ‘teachable moment’ to provide parents with support to change their home smoking behaviours to reduce children’s SHSe. There is a lack of robust qualitative evidence around parents and healthcare professionals (HCPs) views on using this teachable moment to successfully initiate behavioural change. We aim to identify and understand what is important to stakeholders with a view to informing the development of a support package to help parents change their home smoking behaviours.Methods and analysisThis qualitative study will be theoretically underpinned by the Capability, Opportunity and Motivation Behaviour (COM-B) model of behavioural change. It will involve semistructured interviews and/or discussion groups with up to 20 parents who smoke and up to 25 HCPs. Stakeholders will be recruited from a single National Health Service children’s hospital in England. Interviews and/or discussion groups will be audio recorded, transcribed and anonymised. The transcripts and any field notes will be analysed using the framework method. Initially, we will apply COM-B to the data deductively and will then code inductively within each domain.Ethics and disseminationThe protocol for this study received a favourable outcome from the East Midlands Leicester Central Research Ethics Committee (19/EM/0171). Results will be written up as part of a PhD thesis, submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals and presentation at conferences.Trial registration numberISRCTN40084089.
Qualitative study of facilitators and barriers for continued follow-up care as perceived and experienced by young people with congenital heart disease in Sweden
Authors: Skogby Sandra , Goossens Eva , Johansson Bengt , Moons Philip , Bratt Ewa-Lena 
Published: October 2021

In-depth understanding of factors perceived by young people with congenital heart disease (CHD) to affect continued follow-up care is needed to tailor preventive strategies for discontinuation of follow-up care. To identify facilitating factors, low-prevalence settings in terms of discontinuation should be investigated.ObjectiveThis qualitative study describes factors affecting continued follow-up as perceived and experienced by young adults with CHD.ParticipantsUsing a mixed purposive sampling technique, 16 young adults with CHD were included. Three participants had discontinued follow-up care and 13 had continued follow-up care after transfer.SettingParticipants were recruited from all seven university hospitals in Sweden, which is considered a low-prevalence setting in terms of discontinuation.DesignIndividual interviews were performed and subjected to qualitative content analysis.ResultsThe analysis resulted in three main categories, illuminating factors affecting continued follow-up: (1) motivation for follow-up care; (2) participation in care and sense of connectedness with healthcare provider (HCP) and (3) care accessibility. The choice of continuing follow-up or not was multifactorial. Knowledge of your CHD and the importance of continuing follow-up care was a central factor, as well as experiencing CHD-related symptoms and having ongoing or planned medical treatment or interventions. Sensing a clear purpose with follow-up care was facilitating, as was feeling well treated and cared for by HCPs. Practical aspects, such as travel distance was also stressed, as well as active invitations and reminders for visits.ConclusionFactors on both patient, hospital and healthcare system level were raised by participants, stressing the importance of holistic approaches when developing preventive strategies for discontinuation. There is a need for improved skills and competencies among HCPs, as well as a person-centred approach to follow-up care. In addition, specific healthcare needs and remaining transitional needs after transfer to adult care require careful consideration to prevent discontinuation.
Synergistic effect of hypoalbuminaemia and hypotension in predicting in-hospital mortality and intensive care admission: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Klang Eyal , Soffer Shelly , Zimlichman Eyal , Zebrowski Alexis , Glicksberg Benjamin S , Grossman E , Reich David L , Freeman Robert , Levin Matthew A 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveHypoalbuminaemia is an important prognostic factor. It may be associated with poor nutritional states, chronic heart and kidney disease, long-standing infection and cancer. Hypotension is a hallmark of circulatory failure. We evaluated hypoalbuminaemia and hypotension synergism as predictor of in-hospital mortality and intensive care unit (ICU) admission.DesignWe retrospectively analysed emergency department (ED) visits from January 2011 to December 2019.SettingData were retrieved from five Mount Sinai health system hospitals, New York.ParticipantsWe included consecutive ED patients ≥18 years with albumin measurements.Primary and secondary outcome measuresClinical outcomes were in-hospital mortality and ICU admission. The rates of these outcomes were stratified by systolic blood pressure (SBP) (<90 vs ≥90 mm Hg) and albumin levels. Variables included demographics, presenting vital signs, comorbidities (measured as ICD codes) and other common blood tests. Multivariable logistic regression models analysed the adjusted OR of different levels of albumin and SBP for predicting ICU admission and in-hospital mortality. The models were adjusted for demographics, vital signs, comorbidities and common laboratory results. Patients with albumin 3.5–4.5 g/dL and SBP ≥90 mm Hg were used as reference.ResultsThe cohort included 402 123 ED arrivals (27.9% of total adult ED visits). The rates of in-hospital mortality, ICU admission and overall admission were 1.7%, 8.4% and 47.1%, respectively. For SBP <90 mm Hg and albumin <2.5 g/dL, mortality and ICU admission rates were 34.0% and 40.6%, respectively; for SBP <90 mm Hg and albumin ≥2.5 g/dL 8.2% and 24.1%, respectively; for SBP ≥90 mm Hg and albumin <2.5 g/dL 11.4% and 18.6%, respectively; for SBP ≥90 mm Hg and albumin 3.5–4.5 g/dL 0.5% and 6.4%, respectively. Multivariable analysis showed that in patients with hypotension and albumin <2.5 g/dL the adjusted OR for in-hospital mortality was 37.1 (95% CI 32.3 to 42.6), and for ICU admission was 5.4 (95% CI 4.8 to 6.1).ConclusionCo-occurrence of hypotension and hypoalbuminaemia is associated with poor hospital outcomes.
Overall and COVID-19-specific citation impact of highly visible COVID-19 media experts: bibliometric analysis
Authors: Ioannidis John P , Tezel Alangoya , Jagsi Reshma 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveTo evaluate whether the COVID-19 experts who appear most frequently in media have high citation impact for their research overall, and for their COVID-19 peer-reviewed publications in particular and to examine the representation of women among such experts.DesignCross-linking of data sets of most highly visible COVID-19 media experts with citation data on the impact of their published work (career-long publication record and COVID-19-specific work).SettingCable news appearance in prime-time programming or overall media appearances.ParticipantsMost highly visible COVID-19 media experts in the USA, Switzerland, Greece and Denmark.InterventionsNone.Outcome measuresCitation data from Scopus along with discipline-specific ranks of overall career-long and COVID-19-specific impact based on a previously validated composite citation indicator.ResultsWe assessed 76 COVID-19 experts who were highly visible in US prime-time cable news, and 50, 12 and 2 highly visible experts in media in Denmark, Greece and Switzerland, respectively. Of those, 23/76, 10/50, 2/12 and 0/2 were among the top 2% of overall citation impact among scientists in the same discipline worldwide. Moreover, 37/76, 15/50, 7/12 and 2/2 had published anything on COVID-19 that was indexed in Scopus as of 30 August 2021. Only 18/76, 6/50, 2/12 and 0/2 of the highly visible COVID-19 media experts were women. 55 scientists in the USA, 5 in Denmark, 64 in Greece and 56 in Switzerland had a higher citation impact for their COVID-19 work than any of the evaluated highly visible media COVID-19 experts in the respective country; 10/55, 2/5, 22/64 and 14/56 of them were women.ConclusionsDespite notable exceptions, there is a worrisome disconnect between COVID-19 claimed media expertise and scholarship. Highly cited women COVID-19 experts are rarely included among highly visible media experts.
4-1BB and optimized CD28 co-stimulation enhances function of human mono-specific and bi-specific third-generation CAR T cells
Authors: Roselli Emiliano , Boucher Justin C , Li Gongbo , Kotani Hiroshi , Spitler Kristen , Reid Kayla , Cervantes Estelle V , Bulliard Yannick , Tu Nhan , Lee Sae Bom , Yu Bin , Locke Frederick L , Davila Marco L 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundCo-stimulatory signals regulate the expansion, persistence, and function of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. Most studies have focused on the co-stimulatory domains CD28 or 4-1BB. CAR T cell persistence is enhanced by 4-1BB co-stimulation leading to nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling, while resistance to exhaustion is enhanced by mutations of the CD28 co-stimulatory domain.MethodsWe hypothesized that a third-generation CAR containing 4-1BB and CD28 with only PYAP signaling motif (mut06) would provide beneficial aspects of both. We designed CD19-specific CAR T cells with either 4-1BB or mut06 together with the combination of both and evaluated their immune-phenotype, cytokine secretion, real-time cytotoxic ability and polyfunctionality against CD19-expressing cells. We analyzed lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase (LCK) recruitment by the different constructs by immunoblotting. We further determined their ability to control growth of Raji cells in NOD scid gamma (NSG) mice. We also engineered bi-specific CARs against CD20/CD19 combining 4-1BB and mut06 and performed repeated in vitro antigenic stimulation experiments to evaluate their expansion, memory phenotype and phenotypic (PD1+CD39+) and functional exhaustion. Bi-specific CAR T cells were transferred into Raji or Nalm6-bearing mice to study their ability to eradicate CD20/CD19-expressing tumors.ResultsCo-stimulatory domains combining 4-1BB and mut06 confers CAR T cells with an increased central memory phenotype, expansion, and LCK recruitment to the CAR. This enhanced function was dependent on the positioning of the two co-stimulatory domains. A bi-specific CAR targeting CD20/CD19, incorporating 4-1BB and mut06 co-stimulation, showed enhanced antigen-dependent in vitro expansion with lower exhaustion-associated markers. Bi-specific CAR T cells exhibited improved in vivo antitumor activity with increased persistence and decreased exhaustion.ConclusionThese results demonstrate that co-stimulation combining 4-1BB with an optimized form of CD28 is a valid approach to optimize CAR T cell function. Cells with both mono-specific and bi-specific versions of this design showed enhanced in vitro and in vivo features such as expansion, persistence and resistance to exhaustion. Our observations validate the approach and justify clinical studies to test the efficacy and safety of this CAR in patients.
Signals from predators, injured conspecifics, and pesticide modify the swimming behavior of the gregarious tadpole of the Dorbigny’s Toad, Rhinella dorbignyi (Anura: Bufonidae)
Authors: Curi L.M. , Cuzziol Boccioni A.P. , Peltzer P.M. , Attademo A.M. , Bassó A. , León E.J. , Lajmanovich R.C. 
Published: October 2021

Tadpoles detect chemical signals released from predators and conspecifics, as well as those present in the environment, and adjust their behavioral responses. This study evaluated the swimming activity of Dorbigny’s Toad (Rhinella dorbignyi (Duméril and Bibron, 1841)) tadpoles exposed to chemical signals, including cues from a predator fish, the marbled swamp eel (Synbranchus marmoratus Bloch, 1795), and an injured conspecific; sublethal concentration of insecticide cypermethrin; and their combination. Swimming behavior (total distance moved, mean speed, global activity, number of contacts between tadpoles) was evaluated in an individual (1) and groups of different size (3, 5, 7, and 10 tadpoles) using a video-tracking software tool. Predator exposure modified behavioral parameters, reducing encounters with predators and, therefore, mortality. Total distance moved and mean speed increased in trials involving 1 tadpole and 3 interacting tadpoles exposed to injured conspecifics, whereas global activity increased in all group sizes, showing that gregarious tadpoles may be affected by alarm cues and their behavior may be disrupted. The insecticide treatments (alone and combined) increased parameters in all group sizes, causing hyperactivity due to its neurotoxic effect. The different responses observed after exposure to alarm cues and environmental signals in the different group sizes modified the normal behavior and the ecological dynamics of gregarious tadpoles.
Memory efficient finite volume schemes with twisted boundary conditions
Authors: Bribián Eduardo I. , Dasilva Golán Jorge , García Pérez Margarita , Ramos Alberto 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this paper we explore a finite volume renormalization scheme that combines three main ingredients: a coupling based on the gradient flow, the use of twisted boundary conditions and a particular asymmetric geometry, that for SU(N) gauge theories consists on a hypercubic box of size $$l^2 \times (Nl)^2$$

l
2

×

(
N
l
)

2

, a choice motivated by the study of volume independence in large N gauge theories. We argue that this scheme has several advantages that make it particularly suited for precision determinations of the strong coupling, among them translational invariance, an analytic expansion in the coupling and a reduced memory footprint with respect to standard simulations on symmetric lattices, allowing for a more efficient use of current GPU clusters. We test this scheme numerically with a determination of the $$\Lambda $$
Λ
parameter in the SU(3) pure gauge theory. We show that the use of an asymmetric geometry has no significant impact in the size of scaling violations, obtaining a value $$\Lambda _{\overline{\mathrm{MS}}}\sqrt{8 t_0} =0.603(17)$$

Λ

MS
¯

8

t
0

=
0.603

(
17
)

in good agreement with the existing literature. The role of topology freezing, that is relevant for the determination of the coupling in this particular scheme and for large N applications, is discussed in detail.