bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental Racism and Natural Disasters: Preparing for a Future Defined by Climate Change
Authors: Mays Patrick , Bischoff Michael , Schmidt Ronald 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT

This paper argues that the negative effects of climate change induced natural disasters are felt disproportionately by poor and minority communities, and that it is more difficult for them to recover after crises. Because climate change has resulted in an increase in the frequency and severity of natural disasters and is only expected to get worse, disparate effects from natural disasters are a crucial topic to focus research on. This paper will expand the framework for future research in the field of environmental justice by establishing a focus on the intersection between global warming, natural disasters, and environmental racism. It will also illustrate the disparate impact of natural disasters on poor and minority communities with a series of case studies and will evaluate the government’s response in each case.
Comparison of ARCHER MPERC to NHC Analysis
Authors: Pulmano Lorenzo , Joykutty Leya 
Published: October 2021

Eyewall replacement cycles (ERCs) are events that occur in intense tropical cyclones (TCs) and are difficult to predict. An ERC event involves a secondary outer eyewall that surrounds the inner eyewall. The outer eyewall slowly moves towards the eye and weakens the inner eyewall, eventually replacing the inner eyewall. During this process, wind speeds lower and the structure of a TC becomes disorganized, further weakening the storm. TCs often restrengthen after an ERC. Little is known about the process and as such, poses an obstacle to forecasters. The Automated Rotational Center Hurricane Eye Retrieval (ARCHER) Microwave-based Probability of Eyewall Replacement Cycle (MPERC) is an algorithm that uses 89-95 GHz passive microwave imagery and intensity estimates from the National Hurricane Center (NHC), Central Pacific Hurricane Center (CPHC), or the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) to predict the possibility of an ERC. The effectiveness and ability of ARCHER MPERC was analyzed and compared to the NHC’s official reports on all Atlantic Basin tropical cyclones from 2017 to 2019. MPERC ultimately predicted seventeen ERCs in nine tropical cyclones. Of those, seven were valid ERCs. The algorithm works well, predicting approximately 41% of the total number of predictions correctly. However, MPERC did not predict five ERCs that were cited by the NHC. It was further found that it was true that MPERC produces incorrect results in sheared and dry environments.
Elevated gaseous luminal nitric oxide and circulating IL-8 as features of Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric inflammation
Authors: Saaed Hiwa K. , Chiggiato Lisa , Webb Dominic-Luc , Rehnberg Ann-Sofie , Rubio Carlos A. , Befrits Ragnar , Hellström Per M. 
Published: October 2021

Background: Gastric nitric oxide (NO) production in response to Helicobacter pylori via inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is suggested as a biomarker of inflammation and cytotoxicity. The aim of this study was to investigate relationships between gastric [NO], immunological biomarkers and histopathology.
Materials and methods: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy was done in 96 dyspepsia patients. Luminal [NO] was measured by chemiluminescence. Biopsies were taken from gastric antrum and corpus for culture and histopathology. H. pylori IgG was detected by immunoblot assay. Biobanked plasma from 76 dyspepsia patients (11 H. pylori positives) was analyzed for 39 cytokines by multiplexed ELISA.
Results: H. pylori-positive patients had higher [NO] (336 ± 26 ppb, mean ± 95% CI, n = 77) than H. pylori-negative patients (128 ± 47 ppb, n = 19) (P < 0.0001). Histopathological changes were found in 99% of H. pylori-positive and 37% of H. pylori-negative patients. Histopathological concordance was 78–100% between corpus and antrum. Correlations were found between gastric [NO] and severity of acute, but not chronic, inflammation. Plasma IL-8 (increased in H. pylori positives) had greatest difference between positive and negative groups, with eotaxin, MIP-1β, MCP-4, VEGF-A, and VEGF-C also higher (P < 0.004 to P < 0.032). Diagnostic odds ratios using 75% cut-off concentration were 7.53 for IL-8, 1.15 for CRP, and 2.88 for gastric NO.
Conclusions: Of the parameters tested, increased gastric [NO] and circulating IL-8 align most consistently and selectively in H. pylori-infected patients. Severity of mucosal inflammatory changes is proportional to luminal [NO], which might be tied to IL-8 production. It is proposed that IL-8 be further investigated as a blood biomarker of treatment outcomes.
Continuous monitoring of surface water vapour isotopic compositions at Neumayer Station III, East Antarctica
Authors: Bagheri Dastgerdi Saeid , Behrens Melanie , Bonne Jean-Louis , Hörhold Maria , Lohmann Gerrit , Schlosser Elisabeth , Werner Martin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract. In this study, the first fully continuous monitoring of water vapour isotopic composition at Neumayer Station III, Antarctica, during the 2-year period from February 2017 to January 2019 is presented. Seasonal and synoptic-scale variations in both stable water isotopes H218O and HDO are reported, and their links to variations in key meteorological variables are analysed. In addition, the diurnal cycle of isotope variations during the summer months (December and January 2017/18 and 2018/19) has been examined. Changes in local temperature and specific humidity are the main drivers for the variability in δ18O and δD in vapour at Neumayer Station III, on both seasonal and shorter timescales. In contrast to the measured δ18O and δD variations, no seasonal cycle in the Deuterium excess signal (d) in vapour is detected. However, a rather high uncertainty in measured d values especially in austral winter limits the confidence of this finding. Overall, the d signal shows a stronger inverse correlation with specific humidity than with temperature, and this inverse correlation between d and specific humidity is stronger for the cloudy-sky conditions than for clear-sky conditions during summertime. Back-trajectory simulations performed with the FLEXPART model show that seasonal and synoptic variations in δ18O and δD in vapour coincide with changes in the main sources of water vapour transported to Neumayer Station III. In general, moisture transport pathways from the east lead to higher temperatures and more enriched δ18O values in vapour, while weather situations with southerly winds lead to lower temperatures and more depleted δ18O values. However, on several occasions, δ18O variations linked to wind direction changes were observed, which were not accompanied by a corresponding temperature change. Comparing isotopic compositions of water vapour at Neumayer Station III and snow samples taken in the vicinity of the station reveals almost identical slopes, both for the δ18O–δD relation and for the temperature–δ18O relation.
Utilizing diabetes mellitus risk assessment tool in screening of hemodialysis patients at risk of diabetes mellitus
Authors: Azoubi Osama , Abdullatif Tarek , Hamad Abdullah , Fouda Tarek , Ismail Sahar M , lonappan Vimala K , Hamid Tolba Hoda A , Ali Ben Amro Mohamed , Al Ali Fadwa 
Published: October 2021

Background: Hamad General Hospital is the main provider of hemodialysis (HD) in Qatar, for approximately 650 patients per year. Over 60% of these patients have Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and 55% of them suffer from end stage renal disease (ESRD). 2% of ESRD patients develop DM after their first year of dialysis. The aims of this quality improvement study were early DM detection, risk factors modifications, and reduction of diabetes complications in our patients. Methods: A risk assessment tool was adapted to identify the risk level of HD patients to develop DM. They were screened to determine their risk score across 8 categories. Six categories (gender, history of gestational diabetes, family history of high blood pressure, diabetes, physical activity and smoking) were scored 0 to 1, age was scored 0 to 3, and relationship between weight and height scored 1 to 3. (Overall score range: 1-12). Patients were classified into two groups: a low-risk group (score < 5) and a high-risk group (score ≥ 5). Patients were referred to different medical specialties for further management according to the risk factor and a lifestyle modification management plan was set individually. Results: 189 non-diabetic dialysis patients were screened in the first quarter of 2020, their mean age was 51 years-old, and 69% were male. Forty-three percent of patients were found to be at high risk of developing DM. The most important risk factors were family history (55%), obesity (40%), age >60 years (32%), low physical activity (14%), and smoking (11%) (). Thirty-seven percent of patients were referred to the obesity clinic, 10% to the smoking cessation clinic, 5% to physiotherapy, and 100% of patients were referred to the multidisciplinary care (). Conclusion: Screening for diabetes is pivotal for early detection and risk factor modification in dialysis patients. We recommend quarterly data assessment and evaluation so patients can be managed according to the findings.
Presarcopenia and chronic cough due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease successfully treated with nutraceutical supplements and physical exercise
Authors: De Carvalho Jozélio Freire , Lerner Aaron 
Published: October 2021

Objective: To describe a patient with presarcopenia and chronic cough secondary to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) successfully treated with supplements and physical exercise.Case report: A 75-year-old female patient with a positive past medical history of systemic hypertension, dyslipidemia, heart arrhythmia, and smoking during 20 years evolved with chronic cough due to a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease diagnosed ten years ago. She came to our private clinic due to low weight, low energy. Her weight was 44.8 kg, her height 1.57 m, body mass index of 18.18 kg/m2. Laboratory tests showed SDHEA 76.3, vitamin D of 15.6 ng/ml (nr: > 30 ng/ml), C-reactive protein (CRP) of 55 mg/ml. Computed tomography showed bronchiectasis. She had an skeletal muscle mass index of 5.0 kg/m2 (nr: > 5.5 kg/m2) by DXA. A diagnosis of presarcopenia was determined based on DXA evaluation with low muscle mass but normal gait speed handgrip strength. We suggested to the patient to increase physical exercise and prescribed a supplement formula. After five months, she returned asymptomatic, without cough, marked improvement of fatigue, increased energy levels, and weight increased to 50 kg, BMI of 20.28 kg/m2. Laboratory tests showed SDHEA to 140, vitamin D3 to 64.5 ng/ml, reduced CRP reduced to 5 mg/dl, and amlodipine was excluded due to better blood pressure control. Currently, two years later, the patient continues without cough and has dyspnea only with high efforts, without fatigue, and her weight is 52 kg and BMI 21.1 kg/m2. She also reduced her conventional treatment for COPD, using only a bronchodilator on-demand, without topical corticoids.Conclusions: This case illustrates an interesting case of a patient with presarcopenia and chronic cough, refractory to conventional approach, successfully treated with a combination of nutraceuticals and physical exercises.
"Child's Play"; Pestering Power Influencing a Parent's Purchasing Behavior in Sri Lanka
Authors: Wasala W. M. A. S. M. , Ravindran N. , Bandara W. A. S. C. , Pratheepan T. , Jayasuriya N. A. , Munasinghe A. A. S. N. 
Published: October 2021

Aims: For years, there has been extensive attention in both theoretical and sociological literature regarding a child's ability to exert influence on behavior; in both developed and developing countries, a child's pester power has well recognized by interested parties. Pester Power, often known as the 'nag factor,' refers to adolescent shopping requests directed at their parents.
Methodology: Due to the scarcity of information available on this social phenomenon in Sri Lanka, this paper focuses on conceptualizing a consistent set of factors and determinants discovered after an extensive literature review from a large number of sources and providing a foundation for future research that addresses an empirical and practical gap.
Results: This paper presents a concept model that can be used by Sri Lankan sociological as well as theoretical academicians and researchers to predict the pester power of Sri Lankan youth and adolescents. The model includes demographic, socio-psychographic, and informative factors that could influence the pester power of Sri Lankan youth and adolescents.
Originality: Because this is the first study of its kind in Sri Lanka, marketers and academics will be able to focus their attention on the growing behavior of young consumers in Sri Lanka in relation to the FMCG market by using this consistent set of factors.
Conclusion: Despite the fact that Sri Lanka has a very traditional culture that places a premium on conformity to group norms and social acceptance and thus confirms a collectivistic culture in which children are expected to be subservient, there is this new wave of incredibly energetic, more informed young children who make their own consumer decisions. Empirical evidence on the increasing participation of children in family purchasing and their conversion into active consumers in a rapidly expanding market in south east Asian countries is predominant.
Role of CT Angiography in Diagnosis of Reno-Vascular Abnormalities
Authors: Ismail Marei Diaa Mustafa , Dawoud Rasha Mahmoud , Al Ghazaly Ghada Mahmoud , Nooman Darwesh Abdelmonem 
Published: October 2021

Background: Reno-vascular disease is a complex disorder, the most common cause of which is RAS. Multi detector computed tomography angiography (MDCTA) plays an important role in assessment of the renal vasculature. Despite conventional angiography is still considered the gold standard in reno-vascular imaging, MDCTA is increasingly used as it is less invasive, easily applicable and available.
Aim of the Study: In our study we aimed to assess the role of CT Angiography in diagnosis of renal vasculature abnormalities.
Patients and Methods: This prospective study was carried out at The Radio-diagnosis and Medical Imaging Department in our institute, conducted on 40 Patients who are clinically suspected to have reno-vascular abnormalities in the period from September 2018 to February 2021. Their ages ranged from 33 to 56 years old.
Results: Based on CTA findings, out of 40 patients, 6 (15%) patients were confirmed to have accessory renal arteries, 6 (15%) patients had renal artery aneurysm, 6 (15%) patients had nutcracker syndrome, 6 (15%) patients had dual venous drainage of both kidneys, two of them showed retro-aortic left renal vein &10 (25%) patients were confirmed to have renal artery stenosis.
Conclusion: CT Angiography with multiplanar reconstruction and three-dimensional display is valuable in studying patients with reno-vascular lesions involving the proximal renal vessels. MDCT angiography is advantageous being a non-invasive technique that can be done on outpatient basis without pre or post-procedure admission, no special post-procedure care and less cost.
The Potential of Differentiation-Related Gene-1 (DRG1) as a Biomarker for Metastasis of Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Bor Hillary , Maina Esther N. , Nyambega Benson , Patel Kirtika Tushar , Ochieng’ Olwal Charles , Nalyanya Walter , Gavamukulya Yahaya 
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Breast cancer is major burden worldwide and the majority of breast cancers express estrogen receptors (ER) suggesting a high dependence on estrogen hormone. Age is among the major determinants of breast cancer development, however, although Western Kenya is one of the areas with high breast cancer cases, age distribution of ER-positive breast cancer in the sub-region remains largely undocumented. Differentiation-related gene-1 (DRG1) is a metastasis suppressor and thus a potential biomarker for predicting level of metastasis but its potential application in assessing extent of metastasis of ER positive breast cancer has not been fully explored. This study therefore investigated the age distribution and the potential of expression of DRG1 in assessing metastasis of ER positive breast cancer.
Materials and Methods: Breast cancer tumour blocks archived in safe cabins in the histology laboratory section, Moi Teaching and Referral hospital, Eldoret, Kenya were used. Clinico-pathological parameters such as histology grade, tumor size, which are associated with metastatic cancer, were assessed using the archived clinico-pathological reports and/or histological analysis of the tumour blocks. Expression of DRG1 and Ki-67 proteins were determined using immunohistochemistry.
Results: ER positive breast cancer was predominant among women aged 40 and 50 years. No association was observed between immunohistochemical expression of DRG1 and parameters such as histology grade, tumor size or expression of Ki-67 protein expressed DRG1 (p > 0.05).
Conclusion: The findings suggest that expression of DRG1 protein is not associated with parameters that indicate breast cancer metastasis. Thus, DRG1 expression is not a potential biomarker candidate for ER positive breast cancer metastasis. However, since the small sample size was used, further research using larger prospective study is necessary to support the present findings.
Quantum‐Rod On‐Chip LEDs for Display Backlights with Efficacy of 149 lm W−1: A Step toward 200 lm W−1
Authors: Kang Chengbin , Prodanov Maksym F. , Gao Yiyang , Mallem Kumar , Yuan Zhengnan , Vashchenko Valerii V. , Srivastava Abhishek K. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEfficient white light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) with an efficacy of 200 lm W−1 are much desirable for lighting and displays. The phosphor‐based LEDs in use today for display applications offer poor color saturation. Intensive efforts have been made to replace the phosphor with quantum‐dot‐based downconverters, but the efficiency and stability of these devices are still in their infancy. Quantum rods (QRs), nanoparticles with an elongated shape, show superior properties such as relatively larger Stokes shifts, polarized emission, and high light out‐coupling efficiency in the solid‐state. However, these QRs usually suffer from poor optical quality for PL wavelengths < 550 nm. Herein, a gradient alloyed CdSe/ZnxCd1−xS/ZnS and CdSe/CdS/ZnS core/shell/shell QR downconverters showing high efficacy LEDs covering a wide color gamut are reported. These QRs show high stability and a precisely tunable photoluminescence peak. The engineered shell thickness suppresses energy transfer and thus maintains the high quantum yield in the solid‐state (81%). These QR‐based LEDs attain an efficacy of 149 lm W−1 (@10mA) and wide color gamut (118% NTSC), which is exceedingly higher than state‐of‐the‐art quantum dots and phosphor‐based on‐chip LEDs.
Vertically Stacked Full Color Quantum Dots Phototransistor Arrays for High‐Resolution and Enhanced Color‐Selective Imaging
Authors: Kim Jaehyun , Jo Chanho , Kim Myung‐Gil , Park Gyeong‐Su , Marks Tobin J. , Facchetti Antonio , Park Sung Kyu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractColor‐selective multifunctional and multiplexed photodetectors have attracted considerable interest with the increasing demand for color filter‐free optoelectronics which can simultaneously process multispectral signal via minimized system complexity. The low efficiency of color‐filter technology and conventional laterally pixelated photodetector array structures often limit opportunities for widespread realization of high‐density photodetectors. Here, low‐temperature solution‐processed vertically stacked full color quantum dot (QD) phototransistor arrays are developed on plastic substrates for high‐resolution color‐selective photosensor applications. Particularly, the three different‐sized/color (RGB) QDs are vertically stacked and pixelated via direct photopatterning using a unique chelating chalcometallate ligand functioning both as solubilizing component and, after photoexposure, a semiconducting cement creating robust, insoluble, and charge‐efficient QD layers localized in the a‐IGZO transistor region, resulting in efficient wavelength‐dependent photo‐induced charge transfer. Thus, high‐resolution vertically stacked full color QD photodetector arrays are successfully implemented with the density of 5500 devices cm–2 on ultrathin flexible polymeric substrates with highly photosensitive characteristics such as photoresponsivity (1.1 × 104 AW–1) and photodetectivity (1.1 × 1018 Jones) as well as wide dynamic ranges (>150 dB).
High Dynamic Range Smart Window Display by Surface Hydrophilization and Inkjet Printing
Authors: Jin Qihao , Zhang Qiaoshuang , Chen Junchi , Gehring Tim , Eizaguirre Santiago , Huber Robert , Gomard Guillaume , Lemmer Uli , Kling Rainer 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMechanoresponsive smart windows have been intensively investigated in recent years as they offer various applications for signage and light management. However, integrating a display functionality into such smart windows remains a challenge since the realization of pixels in these devices is difficult. In addition, mechanoresponsive smart windows with a high dynamic range are rarely demonstrated because they would suffer from complex fabrication processes and high costs. In this work, a novel surface modification process and digital encoding were developed for direct inkjet printing of micro‐etching‐masks on hydrophobic elastomers, and a pixelated haze distribution was realized. Compared to the traditional mechanoresponsive smart windows, which modify the optical performance by applied strain solely, here, a smart window with haze tunability in either static or strain‐applied state is demonstrated. The work enhances the potential of the fabricated smart window to be applied in high dynamic range signage displays.
Predictors of recurrence in early hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated with surgical resection
Authors: Cheng Tzu‐Hsuan , Cheng Yu‐Ming , Wu Chao‐Chuan , Tzeng I‐Shiang , Wang Chia‐Chi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAlthough surgical resection is a curative treatment for early hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the incidence of recurrence is still high. The factors associated with HCC recurrence are unclear and deserve investigation. The early HCC patients receiving surgical resection in Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital were enrolled retrospectively. Those with histologically microvascular invasion and largest tumor size >5 cm were excluded. Aggressive recurrence was defined as multiple recurrence (>3), invasion to vessel or extrahepatic metastasis at the first time of recurrence. A total of 125 HCC patients (86 male; mean age 68.74 ± 11.57 year‐old) were included for final analysis. The survival rate was 96%, 91.2%, and 89.6%, at year 1, 3, and 5, respectively. Sixty one (48.8%) patients had HCC recurrence during the median follow‐up duration of 4.4 years. Of them, aggressive recurrence was present in 17 (27.4%) patients. Among patients with recurrent HCC, those with aggressive recurrence had worse survival rates than those without (P = .008). Multifocal tumor was the predictor associated with HCC recurrence using logistic regression analysis; tumor size was associated with earlier recurrence in aggressive recurrence of HCC using stepwise method (P = .042). Although early HCC patients had satisfactory 5‐year survival rates after surgical resection, the incidence of HCC recurrence was still high. The presence of aggressive recurrence had a negative impact on overall survival. Multifocal tumor in histology has higher risk of HCC recurrence, but not the pathologic grade of differentiation. Tumor size was associated with early recurrence in HCC patients with aggressive recurrence.