bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Speciation of a subterranean amphipod on the glacier margins in South Eastern Alps, Europe
Authors: Delić Teo , Trontelj Peter , Zakšek Valerija , Brancelj Anton , Simčič Tatjana , Stoch Fabio , Fišer Cene 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimClimatic oscillations altered distributions through migration, extinction, adaptation or speciation. Their joint effect has been rarely studied. Here, we tested how Pleistocene climatic oscillations shaped the evolutionary history and distribution of a subterranean amphipod. We tested four predictions for extant populations: (i) populations of good dispersers moving along the ice‐sheet margin should have homogenous genetic structure and broad tolerance to temperatures; (ii) adaptation to local temperatures evolved in poor dispersers with spatially structured populations; (iii) Pleistocene extinctions in the range of historical glaciers should reflect founder effects and high sensitivity to low temperatures; (iv) para‐ or allopatric speciation could unfold through diverse scenarios as a response to local adaptation and constrained dispersal.LocationNorth‐Western part of the Balkan Peninsula, Europe.TaxonNiphargus stygius, Amphipoda, Crustacea.MethodsWe used time‐calibrated multilocus phylogenies and multilocus delimitations to test independently evolving lineages. For each lineage, separately we assessed historical population dynamics and dispersal potential, modelled climatic niches and mapped them onto palaeoclimatic maps. Additionally, we conducted enzymatic and respiratory tests of thermal tolerance, and reconstructed historical distribution range using phylogeographical diffusion analyses.ResultsWe identified four independently evolving tentative species, dated to the Pleistocene, with no evidence of extinction events. Three main lineages are parapatric with few pairwise syntopies and no traces of hybridization. They evolved in allopatry and possibly maintained constant effective population sizes. The lineages are phylogeographically substructured, indicating low recent dispersal. They differ in their climatic niche envelopes and physiological responses to unfavourable temperatures.Main conclusionsWe infer that periodic drops of groundwater in the Pleistocene caused two vicariant events and the onset of two allopatric speciation events, followed by phases of dispersal leading to secondary contact and occasional overlap of ranges. Speciation was seemingly fostered by eco‐physiologically differentiation due to adaptation to local climates.
Temperature and oxygen saturation in skilled nursing facility residents positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 prior to symptom onset
Authors: Lehnertz Nicholas B. , Lifson Alan , Galloway Eboni , Taylor Joanne , Carter Rosalind J. , Kazazian Lilit , Day Katelyn , Miller Sarah , Mendez Elyssa , Lynfield Ruth 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) spreads rapidly amongst residents of skilled nursing facilities (SNFs). The rapid transmission dynamics and high morbidity and mortality that occur in SNFs emphasize the need for early detection of cases. We hypothesized that residents of SNFs infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 would demonstrate an acute change in either temperature or oxygen saturation (SpO2) prior to symptom onset. The Minnesota Department of Health (MDH) conducted a retrospective analysis of both temperature and SpO2 at two separate SNFs to assess the utility of these quantitative markers to identify SARS‐CoV‐2 infection prior to the development of symptoms.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted of 165 individuals positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 who were residents of SNFs that experienced coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) outbreaks during April–June 2020 in a metropolitan area of Minnesota. Age, sex, symptomology, temperature and SpO2 values, date of symptom onset, and date of positive SARS‐CoV‐2 test were analyzed. Temperature and SpO2 values for the period 14 days before and after the date of initial positive test were included. Descriptive analyses evaluated changes in temperature and SpO2, defined as either exceeding a set threshold or demonstrating an acute change between consecutive measurements.ResultsTwo (1%) residents had a temperature value ≥100°F, and 30 (18%) had at least one value ≥99°F within 14 days before symptom development. One hundred and sixteen residents (70%) had at least one SpO2 value ≤94%, while 131 (80%) had an acute decrease in SpO2 of ≥3% between consecutive values in the 14 days prior to symptom onset.ConclusionsOur results suggest that acute change in SpO2 might be useful in the identification of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection prior to the development of symptoms among residents living in SNFs. Facilities may consider adding SpO2 to daily temperature and symptom screening checklists to improve early detection of residents of SNFs infected with SARS‐CoV‐2.
The ACTN3 R577X polymorphism is associated with metabolic alterations in a sex‐dependent manner in subjects from western Mexico
Authors: Barrón‐Cabrera Elisa , Torres‐Castillo Nathaly , González‐Becerra Karina , Zepeda‐Carrillo Eloy A. , Torres‐Valadez Rafael , Hernández‐Cañaveral Iván , Martínez‐López Erika 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe ACTN3 gene is primarily expressed in fast skeletal muscle fibres. A common nonsense polymorphism in this gene is ACTN3 R577X (rs1815739), which causes an absolute deficiency of α‐actinin‐3 protein and alterations in muscle metabolism. Considering metabolic alterations are influenced by nutrition and genetic factors, as well as lifestyle factors, we hypothesise a possible association of the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism with metabolic alterations.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, 397 adults met the inclusion criteria. Body composition was measured by electrical bioimpedance. Dietary data were analysed using Nutritionist Pro™ software. Biochemical variables were determined by dry chemistry. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral leukocytes and genotyping of the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism was determined by allelic discrimination using TaqMan probes. The statistical analyses were performed using SPSS statistical software. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe ACTN3 577XX genotype was associated with high glucose, triglyceride and very low density lipoprotein‐cholesterol levels and a higher frequency of hypertriglyceridaemia and insulin resistance in women. In males, the genetic variant showed a trend towards significance for insulin resistance.ConclusionsThe ACTN3 R577X polymorphism was associated with metabolic alterations in women and a tendency was observed in men variant carriers. Thus, this common genetic variant could be implicated in the development of chronic metabolic diseases.
Impact of a web‐based educational program on Japanese nurses tobacco cessation practice and attitudes in oncology settings
Authors: Mizuno Michiyo , Yagasaki Kaori , Imai Yoshie , Ueta Isako , Bando Takae , Takahashi Aki , Komatsu Hiroko , Asanuma Chie , Sarna Linda , Wells Marjorie , Brook Jenny , Floegel‐Shetty Astrid , Bialous Stella 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the effects of a short web‐based educational program on Japanese nurses’ self‐reported attitudes toward tobacco cessation and their use of interventions to help smokers to quit.DesignProspective, single‐group design with a pre‐educational survey, a short web‐based educational program, and a follow‐up survey at 3 months.MethodsClinical nurses were asked to view two prerecorded webcasts about helping smokers quit. They completed two online surveys, one at baseline and one at a 3‐month follow‐up. Generalized linear models were used to determine changes in nurses’ self‐reported routine practice after the study intervention.FindingsA total of 1401 nurses responded to the baseline survey, 678 of whom completed the follow‐up survey. Compared with baseline, nurses at follow‐up were more likely to advise smokers to quit (odds ratio [OR] = 1.45, 95% confidence interval [CI: 1.15, 1.82]), assess patients’ interest in quitting (OR = 1.46, 95% CI [1.01, 1.04]), and assist patients with smoking cessation (OR = 1.34, 95% CI [1.04, 1.72]). However, the proportion of nurses who consistently recommended resources for tobacco cessation did not significantly improve at follow‐up.ConclusionsThis study provides preliminary evidence that a web‐based educational program can increase nurses’ implementation of tobacco dependence interventions in cancer care practice. Sustaining these educational efforts could increase nurses’ involvement in providing these interventions, encourage nurses to refer patients to cessation resources, and support nurses’ attitudes towards their role in smoking cessation.Clinical relevanceOur short web‐based educational program can increase nurses’ use of tobacco‐dependence interventions in cancer care practice. This role can be enhanced with additional information about existing cessation resources that nurses could use to refer patients for support post‐discharge.Japanese nurses, when properly educated, are willing and significant contributors to promote tobacco use cessation for cancer patients. The contribution can be facilitated through nursing care protocol that integrate tobacco use cessation interventions within evidence‐based cancer care approaches.
Land and contract farming: Changes in the distribution and meanings of land in Kilombero, Tanzania
Authors: Isager Lotte , Fold Niels , Mwakibete Anne 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn the context of contract farming of sugarcane in an outgrower scheme in Tanzania, this paper explores how the scheme has fundamentally altered people's relationships with the land over the last 50 years, in particular, since 1999, when, after three decades, the sugar parastatal was privatized. The paper reviews the literature on the mutual relationship between contract farming and land ownership and examines the scheme with a focus on long‐term changes in the forms of land acquisitions and land use. We argue that the meaning and importance of landownership in contract farming schemes needs to be reassessed if participation in contract farming entails a departure from previous forms of acquiring land, generates new spatial patterns of agricultural production, and necessitates additional economic and social resources in order to transform land into an economic asset.
Contesting total extractivism: Between idealism and materialism
Authors: Purcell Thomas F. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis review essay develops a methodologically‐minded critical engagement with two books that seek to make big theoretical contributions to our understanding of the socially and ecologically destructive dynamics of extractivism. By reading both texts through their methods of concept building and abstraction, the essay points towards the potential and pitfalls of science and technology in the capitalist mode of production and, in turn, the prospects for human agency to contest the forces of extractivism.
Reflecting on opportunities and challenges regarding implementation of responsible digital agri‐technology innovation
Authors: Jakku Emma , Fielke Simon , Fleming Aysha , Stitzlein Cara 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDigital transformation within agriculture involves advances in information and communication technologies that promise a ‘next generation’ of agricultural technologies that will drive improvements in productivity and efficiency while reducing risks and negative impacts. Here, we discuss the Digiscape Future Science Platform, a program that seeks to facilitate the digital transformation of Australia's agricultural industries and land sector. Digiscape is one example of significant efforts internationally to realise the transformative potential of digital agriculture. However, there are significant socio‐ethical challenges associated with digital agriculture. Responsible innovation (RI) provides one conceptual lens to address such challenges, acknowledging the power of research and innovation to create the future and posing questions about the types of futures that societies want to encourage or avoid. This article uses insights from rural sociology and innovation studies, which can complement RI dimensions–anticipation, inclusion, reflexivity and responsiveness–to reflect on how RI can be implemented in digital agriculture initiatives. We draw on insights from interviews with researchers involved in Digiscape to show how RI dimensions can be blended with applied sociological theories and co‐innovation principles and identify recommendations to help foster responsible agricultural technology development.
Sociodemographic correlates of vaccine hesitancy in the United States and the mediating role of beliefs about governmental conspiracies
Authors: Stroope Samuel , Kroeger Rhiannon A. , Williams Courtney E. , Baker Joseph O. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveVaccine hesitancy remains a significant public health challenge, and one that is socially patterned. This study examined whether the vaccine hesitancy effects of identifying as female, race–ethnicity, the number of children, educational attainment, and political conservatism were mediated by governmental conspiracy beliefs.MethodsLinear mediation models controlling for potential confounders were employed to analyze data from a national survey of adults (2019 Chapman University Survey of American Fears; n = 1,209).ResultsEffects on vaccine hesitancy were significant and negative for educational attainment, and significant and positive for the other focal predictors. Governmental conspiracy beliefs significantly mediated each of these effects; the percent mediated was largest for Hispanic identity (79 percent), followed by female identification (69 percent), educational attainment (69 percent), number of children (55 percent), black identification (34 percent), and political conservatism (30 percent).ConclusionThis study underscores the importance of nonvaccine‐related conspiracy beliefs for future interventions aimed at reducing sociodemographic disparities in vaccine hesitancy.
Peripheral venous catheter collection of immune effector cells and hematopoietic stem cells is feasible and safe in older pediatric patients
Authors: Livingston Joel , Di‐Mola Maria , Lowry Jane , Ruse Nigel , Chiang Kuang‐Yueh , Chopra Yogi , Schechter Tal , Ali Muhammad , Licht Christoph , Wall Donna , Krueger Joerg 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe Collection of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and immune effector cells (IEC) has unique challenges in children. To maintain adequate blood flow, central venous catheters (CVCs) remain the standard of care in many centers, but are associated with procedural risks and increased resource utilization. The goal of this study was to determine feasibility and safety of peripheral venous catheter (PVC) cell collection in older children.MethodsPatients and donors requiring venous access with weight >25 kg, age >8 years were screened for PVC collection via 18G PVCs. Those with poor venous access (on history/exam/pre‐screening ultrasound) or unable to maintain suitable procedural position were excluded. Comparison was made to CVC collections in a matched patient cohort.ResultsThirty‐eight individuals were screened and met age/weight criteria for PVC collection. Five did not have PVC collection attempted due to poor access (n = 4) or behavioral concerns (n = 1). Thirty‐three had PVC collection attempt (HSC = 22; IEC = 11) with median age 15.3 year (range 9.7–18.0) and weight 58.5 kg (range 27.9–115.4). Thirty‐two of 33 (97%) patients were collected successfully by PVC without adverse events. Comparing PVC to matched CVC collection cohort (n = 18), there was no significant difference in flow rate (48.2 mL/h vs 53.9 mL/h, p = 0.12), collection time (266 min vs 262 min, p = 0.85) or collection efficiency (IEC/CD3 60.9% vs 60.8% p = 0.99; HSC/CD34 53.6% vs 41.3% p = 0.05).ConclusionPVC collection of HSC and IEC is feasible and safe in older children with comparable collection efficiency to CVC collections. Ultrasound screening may reduce failure rates. PVC collections can reduce the risk of CVC insertions and associated healthcare costs.
Economic impact and health care utilization outcomes of diabetes self-management education and support interventions for persons with diabetes: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Whitehouse Christina R. , Haydon-Greatting Starlin , Brady Veronica J. , Bzowyckyj Andrew S. , Smith Tierra , Srivastava Sneha Baxi , Kauwetuitama Adonica Ihilani , Blanchette Julia , Cedrone Melanie , Litchman Michelle L. 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The aim of this systematic review is to summarize and synthesize existing research on the economic impact of diabetes self-management education and support.

Introduction:
Diabetes self-management education and support is an essential component of diabetes care, yet it continues to be underutilized. A gap exists regarding the true measured economic impact of this intervention.

Inclusion criteria:
This review will consider studies that report the measured economic impact and health care utilization of diabetes self-management education and support for persons with diabetes or their caregivers. The inclusion criteria are as follows: quantitative studies providing measured data on the economic outcomes and health care utilization of diabetes self-management education and support interventions that include at least one of the Association for Diabetes Care and Education Specialists Seven Self-Care Behaviors.

Methods:
The review will search the following databases: MEDLINE Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process and Other Non-Indexed Citations, Daily and Versions; Embase; Scopus; CINAHL; ERIC, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews; and the Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials. Additionally, a search of gray literature will be performed using Google Scholar. Date limitations will be from January 2006 to May 2020. Two members of the research team will independently screen abstracts and full texts, and extract data. The screening process will be described using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Articles will be assessed for risk of bias using the JBI critical appraisal tools. Data will be narratively summarized.

Systematic review registration:
PROSPERO (CRD42020166743)
Taking Mechanical Integrity Regulations One Step Further
Authors: Olener J. L. , Briegel Keith 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In 1996, with Mechanical Integrity a requirement, Rohm & Haas had DNV look at its management systems. This began a process which led to Rohm & Haas achieving Star Status in it recent OSHA VPP audit. Going beyond just what was required to what made good business sense has improved operations in the Deer Park, Texas plant. The procedures in place were developed by DNV and customized for Rohm & Haas. They have built-in accountability for activities, inspection planners do a better job because they know what to do and when to do it and asset utilization is up significantly.
Platforms, the Ultimate DFM for Rapid Product Development: A Case Study
Authors: Kim Byoung Sung , Condra Steven C. , Slothower Robert E. , Mann Charles J. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Developing the right products of good quality in a short period of time at a low cost is what every product development team dreams about. Developing multiple products with a common proven-in engine or “platform” is a powerful process that can help the team achieve the dream.
In 1996, Lucent Technologies redesigned an entire family of outdoor electronic cabinets based on platforms. The impact of platform far exceeded expectation of all team members, both in terms of the development interval and manufacturing cost. For example, the first cabinet of the family took about the same development interval as in the pre-platform era. The second and third cabinets needed only about 25% of the development interval of the first. The fourth cabinet, however, consumed less than 10%; it required only 16 new parts to be designed out of an assembly total of 202 parts. In addition, all cabinets now have far fewer parts, most parts are common, and the assembly architecture is identical.
The purpose of this paper is to share the experiences of the development team and describe a robust, step-by-step process that ensures the success of platform development. The emphasis has been placed on the business and process side of the project rather than technical details.
Electroosmotic Flow Suppression and Its Implications for a Miniaturized Full-Field Detection Approach to Capillary Isoelectric Focusing (cIEF)
Authors: Herr Amy E. , Mikkelsen James C. , Santiago Juan G. , Kenny Thomas W. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Application of a full-field detection approach to a biological sample separation scheme known as capillary isoelectric focusing (cIEF) has yielded detailed spatial and temporal information about the transport processes associated with this technique, as well as the efficiency of this separation scheme. The full-field cIEF detection technique utilizes an illumination source such as blue light emitting diodes or a mercury arc lamp, microscope objectives, and a charged-coupled device (CCD) camera to image fluorescently labeled proteins and peptides. Interest in this approach arises from the ability to collect, in real time, information from the entire length of the separation channel. This full-field detection eliminates the need for flow mobilization and aids in the empirical analysis of the separation process. In an effort to optimize a miniaturized cIEF system, the full-field detection approach was used as a diagnostic to gauge the effect of varying the channel wall surface charge distribution.
U.S. Patent/Intellectual Property Law: What Should Engineers Know?
Authors: Schwartz Jeff E. , Girards Richard T. , Borrelli Karen A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Engineers, by the practice of their profession, regularly apply new methods and products to the end of solving old problems. These new methods and products may prove to be both commercially useful and financially valuable. The U.S. intellectual property system can afford such innovations broad protection from old fashioned “poaching” by securing for their creators/inventors powerful legal rights to such innovations.
Development of Target Point Search Methods for Course Following Systems: Treating Vehicle Control
Authors: Schaefer Frank R. , Ramsey Marc , Haque Imtiaz , Schuller Jürgen 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper addresses target point search methods for course following systems. A central concept in the development of the control algorithms for such systems is that of target point selection. For a given driving situation, target points constitute spatial objectives that the control algorithm strives to realize. The results presented in this paper are based on experiments made with a recently developed new driver model [Schaefer and Schuller, 1999]. The model establishes control in two steps: geometric dynamic planning and plan-to-action mapping. The separation into these two units allows one to investigate the process of target point search independently.
Target point search is conducted for the guidance of a vehicle’s c.g., i.e. a system thats trajectory can be assumed to have ‘differentiable’ curvature profile. The concepts introduced here, however, may easily be generalized to any system whose state transition (i.e. trajectory) may be described locally by instantaneous circles and that has to follow an abstract nominal path in the state space.
A so called situational driving motivation ‘SDM’ is formulated that defines a clear guideline for geometric dynamic planning based on an time isolated situation. A number of different search methods including Preview Point Search, End of Sight Search, Deviation Dependent Preview Point, and a so-called Nestle Point Search, are investigated. The results are evaluated on the basis of the vehicle’s ability to go around a course with a minimum lateral deviation from the nominal course. The results show that the Nestle Curve Search method provides the best performance.