bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of diet quality and nutrient intake with odds of dyslipidaemia in patients with cardiovascular diseases: a hospital based cross-sectional study in Bangladesh
Authors: Tasnim Tasmia , Karim Kazi Muhammad Rezaul , Bhatta Chaity 
Published: December 2024

ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to evaluate diet quality and other associated factors with dyslipidaemia in cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients in Bangladesh.DesignThe study employed a cross-sectional design.SettingData from medical records, dietary intake and socioeconomic factors were collected from January to October 2022 at the National Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Dhaka, and Noakhali Sadar Hospital.ParticipantsA total of 570 CVD patients, aged 25–80 years, with a confirmed diagnosis within the past 3 months, were included in the study.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcomes were the Global Diet Quality Score (GDQS) and dyslipidaemia. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to explore the associations between dyslipidaemia and various sociodemographic, nutritional, and dietary factors in CVD patients.ResultsDyslipidaemia was identified in more than two-thirds (70.4%) of participants. The mean GDQS was 24.38, with 69.8% of the population maintaining a healthy diet. GDQS was significantly higher in the non-dyslipidaemic group (25.21±2.53) compared with the dyslipidaemic group (24.03±2.33). Nutrient intake was generally higher in non-dyslipidaemic patients. The odds of hypercholesterolaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia and elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were notably higher for participants in the lowest GDQS tertile compared with the highest. Multivariable logistic regression identified sex, employment status, body mass index (BMI) and GDQS as significant predictors of dyslipidaemia. Males (adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=4.18, 95% CI 2.32 to 7.54), homemakers (AOR=2.86) and obese individuals (AOR=1.0) were at increased odds of dyslipidaemia. Compared with the highest GDQS tertile, the odds of dyslipidaemia were nearly double in the middle tertile (AOR: 1.87, 95% CI 1.13 to 3.11) and almost four times higher in the lowest tertile (AOR: 3.67, 95% CI 2.02 to 6.64).ConclusionsA high-quality diet was associated with significantly lower odds of dyslipidaemia, hypercholesterolaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia and elevated LDL cholesterol. The study findings highlight the potential of targeted nutritional interventions with a multifaceted approach to managing dyslipidaemia, emphasising the need for personalised dietary guidelines that consider the individual’s gender, occupation and BMI.
Neoadjuvant atezolizumab + chemotherapy for resectable NSCLC: 3-year clinical update of phase II clinical trial results and translational findings
Authors: Henick Brian S , Koch Peter D , Gainor Justin F , Awad Mark M , Chiuzan Codruta , Izard Stephanie , Georgis Yohanna , Mallick Samyukta , Garofano Robert F , Wong Cheryl V , Saqi Anjali , Grindheim Jessica , Schulze Katja , Sonett Joshua R , Rizvi Naiyer A , Izar Benjamin , Taylor Alison M , Shu Catherine A 
Published: December 2024

Introduction
Neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy has achieved overall survival (OS) benefit for patients with resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, we present outcomes after 3 years of follow-up from the first reported study of neoadjuvant atezolizumab+chemotherapy.

Methods
This open-label, multicenter single-arm investigator-initiated phase II study conducted at three US hospitals tested up to four cycles of atezolizumab, carboplatin, and nab-paclitaxel prior to surgery. Major pathological response (MPR, primary endpoint) was previously reported; here, we report 3-year disease-free survival (DFS), OS, and clinical characteristics of patients developing brain metastases (BM) with integrated data from tumor genomics, gene expression, and quantitative immunofluorescent measurement of immune markers.

Results

Of 30 enrolled patients, 29 were taken to the operating room. 26 underwent R0 resection, with 17 experiencing MPR (10 pCR). With a median follow-up of 39.5 months, the median OS was 55.8 months, and the median DFS was 34.5 months. Landmark OS at 36 months was 77%. Among 14 patients with recurrent disease, 6 patients had BM. Patients whose tumors had mutations in
STK11
and
KEAP1
did not have a significantly higher incidence of BM. Reduced copy number of
STK11
and
KEAP1
, both residing on chromosome 19p, was observed in ~1/3 of tumors. Reduced CN of
STK11
was significantly associated with worse pathological response and incidence of BM.

Conclusions

Consistent with recent phase III studies, 3-year OS data with neoadjuvant atezolizumab+chemotherapy was associated with prolonged PFS and OS. Establishing associations between
STK11
and
KEAP1
genomic alterations and key clinical outcomes in early-stage NSCLC requires further study.
Anatomy-centred deep learning improves generalisability and progression prediction in radiographic sacroiliitis detection
Authors: Dorfner Felix J. , Vahldiek Janis L. , Donle Leonhard , Zhukov Andrei , Xu Lina , Häntze Hartmut , Makowski Marcus R. , Aerts Hugo J. W. L. , Proft Fabian , Rios Rodriguez Valeria , Rademacher Judith , Protopopov Mikhail , Haibel Hildrun , Hermann Kay-Geert , Diekhoff Torsten , Adams Lisa C. , Torgutalp Murat , Poddubnyy Denis , Bressem Keno K. 
Published: December 2024

PurposeTo examine whether incorporating anatomy-centred deep learning can improve generalisability and enable prediction of disease progression.MethodsThis retrospective multicentre study included conventional pelvic radiographs of four different patient cohorts focusing on axial spondyloarthritis collected at university and community hospitals. The first cohort, which consisted of 1483 radiographs, was split into training (n=1261) and validation (n=222) sets. The other cohorts comprising 436, 340 and 163 patients, respectively, were used as independent test datasets. For the second cohort, follow-up data of 311 patients was used to examine progression prediction capabilities. Two neural networks were trained, one on images cropped to the bounding box of the sacroiliac joints (anatomy-centred) and the other one on full radiographs. The performance of the models was compared using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity and specificity.ResultsOn the three test datasets, the standard model achieved AUC scores of 0.853, 0.817, 0.947, with an accuracy of 0.770, 0.724, 0.850. Whereas the anatomy-centred model achieved AUC scores of 0.899, 0.846, 0.957, with an accuracy of 0.821, 0.744, 0.906, respectively. The patients who were identified as high risk by the anatomy-centred model had an OR of 2.16 (95% CI 1.19, 3.86) for having progression of radiographic sacroiliitis within 2 years.ConclusionAnatomy-centred deep learning can improve the generalisability of models in detecting radiographic sacroiliitis. The model is published as fully open source alongside this study.
Outcome of anatomical versus non-anatomical lung resection for necrotizing pneumonia in children
Authors: Da Silva Paulo Sérgio Lucas , De Oliveira Renato , Tamura Nikkei , Camargo Leonardo , Kubo Emerson Yukio 
Published: December 2024

ObjectiveWe aimed to evaluate the characteristics, complications and outcomes of necrotizing pneumonia (NP) requiring surgical intervention.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study of all children who underwent surgical therapy for NP from January 2010 to December 2023. Patients were analyzed based on two surgical approaches: anatomic resection (AR) or non-AR (NAR).ResultsA total of 66 patients (median age: 36 months) required a surgical intervention for NP. A total of 37 patients received AR, 29 received NAR. The AR procedures were segmentectomy (n=29), lobectomy (n=8), bilobectomy (n=1) whereas NAR included wedge resection (n=13) and necrosectomy (n=16). The most common reasons for surgery were failure to respond to treatment (43.9%) and sepsis/septic shock (42.4%). A significantly greater proportion of patients in the AR group underwent surgery due to sepsis (p=0.023). There was no difference in the proportion of patients experiencing complications between the AR group (40.5%) and the NAR group (27.5%) (p=0.266). The majority of complications in both groups (68.0%) were categorized as minor, with 59.0% of cases occurring in patients who underwent AR. Prolonged air leak was the most frequent complication in both groups. There was no difference in the postoperative hospital stay, or duration of mechanical ventilation between the groups. There were no deaths.ConclusionsSurgical intervention for NP may result in complications in one-third of patients, mostly minor and unlikely to significantly impact outcomes. Surgery should be tailored to the extent of parenchymal involvement.
Neutron stars in extended scalar-Gauss–Bonnet gravity: the richness of the solution spectrum
Authors: Staykov Kalin V. , Yordanov Peter Y. , Doneva Daniela D. , Yazadjiev Stoytcho S. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Neutron stars are natural laboratories for testing gravity in the strong field regime. That is why the full spectrum of neutron star solutions in different modified theories should be thoroughly studied. Among the most natural modifications of general relativity are the theories in which additional scalar degrees of freedom are present. That is why scalar-tensor theories like Brans–Dicke and Damour–Esposito–Farese theories, as well as their extensions such as scalar-Gauss–Bonnet gravity, attracted attention throughout the years. In the present work, we combine those theory families and explore extensively the neutron star solution space in their realm. We identify qualitative new behavior of the solutions, including the existence of new types of phase transitions and new branches of solutions present only for high neutron star masses. Due to the peculiarities of the solutions, they can not be easily mimicked by a simple change of the equation of state.
When Escalation is Inevitable: A Role of Thresholds in a Counterterrorism Game
Authors: Levitin Gregory , Hausken Kjell 
Published: December 2024

A counterterrorism model is developed where a government and a terrorist allocate resources over two periods. Escalation to period 2 occurs if a threshold for the government’s period-1 damage is exceeded. Without escalation four scenarios exist, including deterrence and nonprovocation. With escalation and unitary contest intensity, both players’ fractions of their resources allocated to period 1 equal the sum of their potential period-1 damages divided by the sum of their potential damages in both periods. As the government’s resource superiority increases, the terrorist allocates all its resources to the period-1 attack, and the government deters escalation. Uniform distributions of the contest intensity and the government’s resource superiority over various intervals are considered. Observing that the terrorist’s utility may be U-shaped in the escalation threshold, the government is enabled to determine both its resource allocation and escalation threshold. The government prefers no threshold when it lacks resources and should always escalate, and when it has abundant resources and can deter. For intermediate resource superiority, the government prefers an intermediate threshold. Six game outcomes are shown where escalation is deterred for two disjoint intervals of the government’s resource superiority.
Large deviation principle for a 2D liquid crystal model with multiplicative noise
Authors: Medjo Theodore Tachim 
Published: December 2024

In this paper, we consider a stochastic 2D liquid crystal system with a small multiplicative noise of Gaussian type, which models the dynamic of nematic liquid crystals under the influence of stochastic external forces. We derive a large deviation principle for the model. The proof relies on the weak convergence method that was introduced in [A. Budhiraja, P. Dupuis and V. Maroulas, Variational representations for continuous time processes, Ann. Inst. Henri Poincaré Probab. Stat. 47(3) (2011) 725–747] and based on a variational representation on infinite-dimensional Brownian motion.
On Urban Development Index of a Country: A Fuzzy Logic and Python Approach
Authors: Kerre Etienne E. , Ashraf Samina , Ghias Sadia , Ur Rehman Atiq 
Published: December 2024

The development index (DI) of a region is defined by various elements such as geography, population density, gross domestic product (GDP), GDP per capita, natural resources, markets, economic development, and other relevant factors. The traditional approach to classification usually depends on the country’s total land area measured in square kilometers. Nevertheless, the transition points between different levels of development size (small, medium, and giant) are highly subjective, resulting in frequent inconsistencies and conflicts. Fuzzy logic, a superset of conventional (Boolean) logic, extends the framework to include partial truth values, ranging from “fully true” to “totally false”. This development is especially essential since human reasoning, particularly commonsense reasoning, is approximate rather than precise. This study offers a model that uses fuzzy logic and the Mamdani fuzzy inference system (MFIS) to evaluate nine main cities in Pakistan based on their populations (POPs), gross domestic products (GDPs), and literacy rates (LR). The model includes variables for the antecedents (inputs) and the consequences (outputs). The input variables are the population (POP), GDP, and LR, while the output variable is the DI. The MFIS is used with Python programming tools, including the scikit-fuzzy library for inference and aggregation and matplotlib for graphics.
Long-Range Hydroacoustic Propagation Modelling Schemes on Distributed Memory Parallel Computers
Authors: Kushida Noriyuki , Lin Ying-Tsong 
Published: December 2024

The complex nature of the ocean environment requires advanced computational acoustic models to gain insights into the dominating physical factors controlling the underwater sound propagation and scattering in the ocean. In this study, we explore the “ab-initio” approach to solve wave equations with numerical algorithms that can be implemented in distributed memory parallel computers. The goal is to improve the calculation speed so long-range global scale hydroacoustic wave propagation can be studied more efficiently and effectively. Two major algorithms: the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method and the Parabolic Equation (PE) method are investigated. Two PE-based numerical models are considered. One is the Split-Step-Fourier Parabolic Equation (SSFPE) model using split-step Fourier schemes in three-dimensional (3D) environments. The second PE model is a multi-frequency implementation of the Range-dependent Acoustic Model (RAM) that computes two-dimensional (2D) sound pressure fields. One of the primary challenges in global-scale hydroacoustic propagation modeling with the “ab-initio” approach is the demand for significant computational resources on both memories and computational speeds. To address this, we employed parallel computing techniques using directive-based programming languages, such as OpenACC and XscalableACC, to leverage the power of multiple Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) systems and Central Processing Unit (CPU) cluster computers. Our performance evaluation revealed substantial speedup gains. For the FDTD method, we achieved approximately 3.5-fold and 4-fold speedups with four GPUs and four CPU cluster nodes, respectively. With the 3D SSFPE model, we obtained a speedup of 3.7-fold using four CPU cluster nodes. A significant result was observed with the 2D broadband multi-frequency RAM model, where we achieved a 110-fold speedup compared to one core original implementation. These results demonstrate the promising potential of massively parallel computers for ocean acoustic propagation modeling and highlight the significant performance benefits of utilizing parallel computing techniques. Our findings emphasize the importance of efficient computational strategies.
Effect of Cyclic Loading on the Fixture‐Abutment Microgap in Short Implants Versus Standard Implants: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Esfahanizadeh Gholamreza , Jalalian Ezatollah , Salehi Seyyede Niloufar , Ghasemi Mahsa , Golalipour Shaghayegh 
Published: December 2024

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the effect of cyclic loading on the amount of fixture‐abutment microgap in short implants compared to standard implants.Materials and Methods: This in vitro experimental study was conducted on two groups of short and standard implants (n = 10). The microgap at the fixture‐abutment interface was measured under a light microscope at ×75 magnification. The implants were mounted in an acrylic resin to simulate the jawbone. They were then subjected to cyclic loading by applying 75 N load with 1 Hz frequency along the longitudinal axis of each implant (perpendicular to the abutment surface). After 500,000 cycles, corresponding to 20 months of mastication in the oral environment, the implants were removed from the acrylic resin, and the microgap at the fixture‐abutment interface was measured again under a stereomicroscope by a blinded examiner. Data were then analyzed by t‐test using SPSS version 22 (α = 0.05).Results: The mean microgap was 13.59 ± 3.80 µm in the standard and 20.41 ± 11.30 µm in the short implants before cyclic loading (p = 0.087). These values changed to 15.22 ± 5.44 and 24.53 ± 21.85 µm, respectively, after cyclic loading. No significant difference was noted in the amount of microgap between the standard and short implants after cyclic loading (p = 0.222).Conclusion: Cyclic loading increased the amount of fixture‐abutment microgap in both the standard and short implants. However, the difference in this respect was not significant between the two implant lengths. Thus, short implants could be reliably used in patients with limitations for surgery to restore function and esthetics.
Utilization and Outcomes Associated With Intravascular Ultrasound During Abdominal and Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Interventions in the United States in the Contemporary Era (2016–2023)
Authors: Mosarla Ramya C. , Heindel Patrick V. , Hussain Mohamad A. , Schermerhorn Marc , Kuno Toshiki , D’Oria Mario , Li Siling , Secemsky Eric A. 
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND:
Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) use in aortic endovascular interventions, including thoracic endovascular aneurysm repair (TEVAR) and endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR), may have similar benefits to those seen in coronary and peripheral interventions, but limited utilization and outcome data exist.

METHODS:
Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services claims data were used to identify patients undergoing TEVAR and EVAR from 2016 to 2023. Utilization trends were stratified by region, urbanicity, distressed communities index, community versus academic center, Medicare versus dual enrollment status, indication, urgency, and presence of dissection with malperfusion. Inverse probability weighting was used to assess the impact of IVUS on a composite outcome of repeat aortic intervention or death. Cox regression was used to estimate weighted hazard ratios.

RESULTS:

A total of 136 540 patients underwent TEVAR and EVAR, of which 9.8% (13 364) used IVUS. IVUS use increased slightly from 2016 to 2023, driven more by use in TEVAR compared with EVAR, and was higher in academic settings, with Medicare and Medicaid dual enrollment, in the West, with dissections, with malperfusion and for elective procedures. IVUS was associated with a lower risk of the primary outcome at 30-days (hazard ratio, 0.80 [95% CI, 0.73–0.89];
P
<0.001) and 6-months (hazard ratio, 0.93 [95% CI, 0.87–0.99];
P
=0.022) for all-comers. Subgroup analysis suggested lower risks of the primary outcome with IVUS use for aneurysm driven by the abdominal segment, malperfusion, thoracoabdominal dissection with malperfusion, thoracoabdominal repair, and chronic kidney disease.

CONCLUSIONS:
IVUS use has increased slightly in TEVAR and EVAR with heterogeneity in use. IVUS implementation during TEVAR and EVAR was associated with improved early and mid-term outcomes, particularly in certain subsets.
Extended Rhythm Monitoring to Assess for Ventricular Arrhythmias After Transcatheter Pulmonary Valve Replacement With the Harmony Valve
Authors: Yang Jeffrey K. , Wattenbarger Laura , Taylor Anne C. , Chubb Henry , Romfh Anitra W. , Peng Lynn F. , Ceresnak Scott R. , Dubin Anne M. , McElhinney Doff B. 
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND:
Varying rates of nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT) have been reported early after transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement (TPVR) with the Harmony valve, but data regarding rhythm outcomes beyond hospital discharge are limited. This study aims to characterize ventricular arrhythmias after Harmony TPVR from implant through mid-term follow-up.

METHODS:
Ventricular arrhythmia data from postimplant telemetry and follow-up extended rhythm monitoring (ERM) were analyzed after Harmony TPVR.

RESULTS:
Fifty-four patients with tetralogy of Fallot (n=39), valvar pulmonary stenosis (n=10), or pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum (n=5) were studied; 22% had prior NSVT and 24% were on prior rhythm medication. On postimplant telemetry, 27 patients (50%) had NSVT, including 1 who had torsade de pointes, but most had <5 episodes. Pre-TPVR NSVT or rhythm medications, diagnosis other than tetralogy, and substantial device contact with the myocardium were associated with more frequent NSVT on telemetry. Ten patients (19%) were started on a new antiarrhythmic medication. On discharge ERM, 37% of patients had NSVT, most with <5 episodes and only 13% with NSVT beyond 5 days post-discharge. On follow-up ERM, 14% of patients had a single episode of NSVT and 1 had 5 episodes. During follow-up, antiarrhythmic medications were discontinued in 8 of 10 patients and no patients died or had sustained ventricular tachycardia.

CONCLUSIONS:
NSVT and ventricular ectopy were common early after TPVR but were infrequent in most cases and diminished rapidly after discharge. The incidence of NSVT on follow-up ERM was similar to preimplant incidence. Few patients had antiarrhythmic medications initiated, and most were discontinued on follow-up. There were no major arrhythmic events after discharge.