bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanism underlying sevoflurane-induced protection in cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury
Authors: Chen Bing , Lin Minqiu , Chen Simiao , Chen Weiyan , Song Jingmei , Zhang Yuyan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Cerebral ischemia is an extremely complex disease that can be caused by a variety of factors. Cerebral ischemia can cause great harm to human body. Sevoflurane is a volatile anesthetic that is frequently used in clinic, and has a lot of advantages, such as quick induction of general anesthesia, quick anesthesia recovery, no respiratory tract irritation, muscle relaxation, and small cycle effect. The mechanism of sevoflurane preconditioning or post-treatment induction is poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to illustrate the mechanism underlying sevoflurane-induced protection in cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury and also provide theoretical guidance for future research.
NAO-CNR: The Italian voice at IUPAC
Authors: Guidotti Matteo , Paci Augusta Maria , Peruzzini Maurizio 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Italy was a founding member of IUPAC in 1919. Italian participation is still vivid thanks to the proactive, collaborative spirit that motivated its initial support of the establishment of IUPAC. The National Research Council, CNR, the largest research institution for public research in the country, is the official representative of Italy at IUPAC through the National Commission operating as the IUPAC National Adhering Organization.
New approach in process intensification based on subcritical water, as green solvent, in propolis oil in water nanoemulsion preparation
Authors: Ghavidel Fatemeh , Javadi Afshin , Anarjan Navideh , Jafarizadeh-Malmiri Hoda 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Subcritical water was used to provide propolis oil in water (O/W) nanoemulsions. To monitor and detect the main bioactive compounds of the prepared propolis extract, gas chromatography demonstrated that there were 47 bioactive materials in the propolis extract, among which pinostrobin chalcone and pinocembrin were the two key components. Effectiveness of two processing parameters such as the amount of saponin (0.5–2.0 g) and propolis extract (0.1–0.6 g), on particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, and antioxidant activity of the provided nanoemulsions, was evaluated. Results demonstrated that more desirable propolis O/W nanoemulsion, with minimum particle size (144.06 nm) and PDI (0.286), and maximum zeta potential (−21.71 mV) and antioxidant activity (90.86%) were made using 0.50 g of saponin and 0.53 g of propolis extract. Further analysis revealed that the prepared nanoemulsion based on optimum processing conditions had spherical shaped propolis nanodroplets in the colloidal solution with turbidity and maximum broad absorption peak of 0.08 a.u. and 292 nm, respectively. The prepared nanoemulsion had high antibacterial activity against both selected bacteria strains namely, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.
Co-processing of hydrodeoxygenation and hydrodesulfurization of phenol and dibenzothiophene with NiMo/Al2O3–ZrO2 and NiMo/TiO2–ZrO2 catalysts
Authors: Tavizón Pozos Jesús Andrés , Esquivel Gerardo Chávez , Cervantes Arista Ignacio , de los Reyes Heredia José Antonio , Suárez Toriello Víctor Alejandro 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The influence of Al2O3–ZrO2 and TiO2–ZrO2 supports on NiMo-supported catalysts at a different sulfur concentration in a model hydrodeoxygenation (HDO)-hydrodesulfurization (HDS) co-processing reaction has been studied in this work. A competition effect between phenol and dibenzothiophene (DBT) for active sites was evidenced. The competence for the active sites between phenol and DBT was measured by comparison of the initial reaction rate and selectivity at two sulfur concentrations (200 and 500 ppm S). NiMo/TiO2–ZrO2 was almost four-fold more active in phenol HDO co-processed with DBT than NiMo/Al2O3–ZrO2 catalyst. Consequently, more labile active sites are present on NiMo/TiO2–ZrO2 than in NiMo/Al2O3–ZrO2 confirmed by the decrease in co-processing competition for the active sites between phenol and DBT. DBT molecules react at hydrogenolysis sites (edge and rim) preferentially so that phenol reacts at hydrogenation sites (edge and edge). However, the hydrogenated capacity would be lost when the sulfur content was increased. In general, both catalysts showed similar functionalities but different degrees of competition according to the highly active NiMoS phase availability. TiO2–ZrO2 as the support provided weaker metal-support interaction than Al2O3–ZrO2, generating a larger fraction of easily reducible octahedrally coordinated Mo- and Ni-oxide species, causing that NiMo/TiO2–ZrO2 generated precursors of MoS2 crystallites with a longer length and stacking but with a higher degree of Ni-promotion than NiMo/Al2O3–ZrO2 catalyst.
The feasibility and acceptability of hypnotherapy among overweight and obese individuals in a Malaysia’s public university
Authors: Roslim Nurul Afiedia , Ahmad Aryati , Mansor Mardiana , Aung Myat Moe Thwe , Hamzah Farrahdilla , Lua Pei Lin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The global epidemic of overweight and obesity presents a major challenge in the health status of the society. Their prevalence is at an alarming rate worldwide due to poor compliance with conventional treatment and high rates of relapse, thus increasing demand for an effective and safe alternative approach such as hypnotherapy. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of hypnotherapy for weight loss and to compare these among selected socio-demographics.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 30 students and staff of a public university in Terengganu, Malaysia using convenience sampling. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS 23.0.

Results
Among the respondents (age = 26.17 ± 8.23 years; female = 66.7%; students = 63.3%), 40.0% were overweight and 60.0% were obese. Results indicated excellent feasibility as determined by participants’ satisfaction towards the clarity of hypnotherapist’s voice (93.3%), the suitability of content (86.7%) and time spent for the session (90.0%). Good overall acceptability (>60.0%) was also reported regarding hypnotherapist professionalism, the environment and perceived usefulness of hypnotherapy. Obese individuals were significantly more satisfied towards the hypnotherapist environment than overweight respondents (p=0.015). Additionally, no adverse effects were reported after the intervention.

Conclusions
This evidence signalled that hypnotherapy is a promising alternative tool in assisting overweight and obese individuals to lose weight. Extensive research is needed to substantiate its role in weight management programs for its full benefits.
Effect of yoga on plasma glucose, lipid profile, blood pressure and insulin requirement in a patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Kurian Jintu , Vijayakumar Venugopal , Mooventhan A. , Mavathur Ramesh 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The objective of the study is to evaluate the short-term effect of yoga on plasma glucose, lipid profile, blood pressure and insulin requirement in a patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).

Case presentation
A 28-years old female was diagnosed with T1DM at the age of seven. She was under Human Mixtard insulin 30-70, thrice/day for 15-15-15 units. She had a history of poor glycemic control, diabetic ketoacidosis and hypoglycemic shock. At the age of 27, she got admitted with complaints of general weakness, joints stiffness and weight loss in our holistic health centre and underwent two weeks of yoga. Results showed a better reduction in the plasma glucose levels, lipid profile, blood pressure and insulin dose and an increase in hemoglobin levels with no episodes of hypoglycemia after yoga.

Conclusions
Yoga might be considered as a safer and effective adjuvant in the management of T1DM.
Avocado/soy unsaponifiables can redress the balance between serum antioxidant and oxidant levels in patients with osteoarthritis: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over study
Authors: Jangravi Zohreh , Basereh Saeed , Zaree Mahmoudabadi Ali , Saberi Mehdi , Alishiri Gholam Hossein , Korani Mohsen 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Osteoarthritis (OA) is an inflammatory disorder of the joint characterized by pain and stiffness. Oxidative stress plays an important role in pathogenesis of OA. We aimed to evaluate the effects of avocado/soy unsaponifiables (ASU) compound on serum antioxidant and oxidative stress in patients with Osteoarthritis.

Methods
A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial was performed. Fourty patients with osteoarthritis were randomized to two different sequences: 1) DP: received ASU for three months followed by three months placebo, 2) PD: received placebo for the first three months followed by three months ASU. The oxidant statue was evaluated by measurement of serum malonldialdehyde (MDA). The total antioxidant capacity (TAC), reduced glutathione (GSH) and antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were also assessed.

Results
Mean serum of MDA level as a marker of oxidative stress significantly decreased in all patients after three months treatment with ASU (4.46 ± 0.11 nmol/L) compare with baseline and placebo levels (5 ± 0.15 and 5.82 ± 0.12 nmol/L respectively) (p<0.05). On the other hand, ASU resulted in positive changes in serum antioxidant levels (p<0.05). Mixed-effects model of variance analyses showed that ASU effect is regardless of the order of receiving medication (p>0.05).

Conclusions
These data showed that Avocado/Soy Unsaponifiable can be an effective supplement in treatment of osteoarthritis through the control of the balance between antioxidant and oxidant molecular markers.
Effects of Tai Chi and running on blood oxygen saturation: a pilot study
Authors: Gryffin P. Anthony , Diaz Rafael E. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Large drops in blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) to levels as low as 84% was observed following Tai Chi practice, during a study on the effects of Tai Chi on SpO2. The objectives of the current pilot study were to determine if this was a statistically significant drop, and how SpO2 levels compared to an aerobic activity such as running, in pre, concurrent, and post measurements.

Methods
Repeated measures of blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) were taken of a 50-year-old male before, during and for 1 min after TC and running.

Results
Measurements of SpO2 before, during, and after TC resulted in a statistically significant increase in SpO2 during TC (p=1.69e-06), and a statistically significant (p=1.71e-06) brief momentary drop from resting levels, as low as 87% SpO2. Running showed no significant change in pre and post levels, with a significant change and decrease in SpO2 during running (p=1.1e-08), suggesting increased oxygen use by the large muscle groups during exercise. SpO2 returned to normal resting levels following running with no post drop. Results suggest a higher rate of oxygen metabolism during TC, with a potential effect on hypoxic (oxygen deficient) areas of the body.

Conclusions
Findings suggest direct and unique effects on enhanced blood oxygen saturation and oxygen metabolism, which may underlie benefits for conditions complicated by hypoxia, including cardiopulmonary disease, immunity, chronic pain, and arthritis.
Finite-dimensional boundary uniform stabilization of the Boussinesq system in Besov spaces by critical use of Carleman estimate-based inverse theory
Authors: Lasiecka Irena , Priyasad Buddhika , Triggiani Roberto 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We consider the 𝑑-dimensional Boussinesq system defined on a sufficiently smooth bounded domain and subject to a pair

{
v
,
u
}

\{v,\boldsymbol{u}\}

of controls localized on

{

Γ
~

,
ω
}

\{\widetilde{\Gamma},\omega\}

.
Here, 𝑣 is a scalar Dirichlet boundary control for the thermal equation, acting on an arbitrarily small connected portion

Γ
~

\widetilde{\Gamma}

of the boundary

Γ
=

∂
⁡
Ω

\Gamma=\partial\Omega

.
Instead, 𝒖 is a 𝑑-dimensional internal control for the fluid equation acting on an arbitrarily small collar 𝜔 supported by

Γ
~

\widetilde{\Gamma}

.
The initial conditions for both fluid and heat equations are taken of low regularity.
We then seek to uniformly stabilize such Boussinesq system in the vicinity of an unstable equilibrium pair, in the critical setting of correspondingly low regularity spaces, by means of an explicitly constructed, finite-dimensional feedback control pair

{
v
,
u
}

\{v,\boldsymbol{u}\}

localized on

{

Γ
~

,
ω
}

\{\widetilde{\Gamma},\omega\}

.
In addition, they will be minimal in number and of reduced dimension; more precisely, 𝒖 will be of dimension

(

d
-
1

)

(d-1)

, to include necessarily its 𝑑-th component, and 𝑣 will be of dimension 1.
The resulting space of well-posedness and stabilization is a suitable, tight Besov space for the fluid velocity component (close to

L
3

⁢

(
Ω
)

\boldsymbol{L}^{3}(\Omega)

for

d
=
3

d=3

) and a corresponding Besov space for the thermal component,

q
>
d

q>d

.
Unique continuation inverse theorems for suitably over-determined adjoint static problems play a critical role in the constructive solution.
Their proof rests on Carleman-type estimates, a topic pioneered by M. V. Klibanov since the early 80s.
Thermodynamic Characterization of Red Blood Cell Suspension and Band 3 Protein Oxy-Deoxygenating Functionality: Comparative Study
Authors: Farsaci Francesco , Tellone Ester , Russo Annamaria , Galtieri Antonio , Ficarra Silvana 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The importance of studying storage alterations in erythrocytes is highlighted by the need to understand changes that could potentially serve to optimize the storage system. With this aim, the non-equilibrium thermodynamic theory with internal variables was introduced, and perturbing the erythrocyte samples with a harmonic electric field some functions of the theory have been determined varying in the perturbation frequency. A frequency has been noted that acts as a separator element between two states showing a different entropy production above and below this frequency. In stored red blood cells compared to fresh ones, the increase in entropy production measured shows a greater state of disorder in the latter. Further alterations have been highlighted on the surface charge density of the stored erythrocyte membrane and on the speed of anionic kinetics. All these observations highlight the image of membrane structural and functional alterations of the stored erythrocytes and lead to the elaboration of a technique able to correlate a specific perturbation frequency with the aging time of red blood cells.
Wear behavior and microstructure of Fe-C-Si-Cr-B-Ni hardfacing alloys
Authors: Öztürk Zeynep Taslicukur 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study aims to investigate the relationship between wear resistance and microstructure of a hardfacing alloy Fe-C-Si-Cr-B-Ni system as well as investigating ways of improving the hardness of the hard facing layer through the addition of nickel to achieve a finer granular microstructure. Three hardfacing alloys are used for overlaying. Ferroboron (FeB) and Ferronickel(FeNi), are added to the massive wire during the welding process. A hardness test, microscopic characterization and wear analysis are carried out on the samples. The surfaces of the samples are examined using scanning electron micsoscope in order to better understand the wear mechanism. At room temperature, wear occurs through a combination of abrasive grooving and local delamination. Microstructure and hardness affect the wear resistance of the alloys. Test results shows that as hardness increases, wear resistance increases.
Effect of hydrothermal aging on the mechanical properties of nanocomposite pipes
Authors: Gunoz Alper , Kepir Yusuf , Kara Memduh 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The aim of this study is to minimize the decrease in the mechanical properties of materials exposed to environmental conditions by adding nano additives, thereby increasing service life. It has been reported in the literature that boron nitride nanoparticles (BNNP), a multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT), and hybrid (MWCNT + BNNP) nano additives improve the mechanical properties of FRPs and increase their lifetime. For this reason, in this study, filament wound BNNP, MWCNT, and MWCNT + BNNP hybrid reinforced carbon fiber epoxy composite pipes (CFRPs) were produced with (± 55°)4 configurations and 8 layers. Then, composite pipes were exposed to the hydrothermal aging process in distilled water at 80 °C for 7, 14, and 21 days in order to examine the effects of hot water absorption behavior on mechanical properties such as hardness, and density. The hardness and density measurements were realized in accordance with ASTM standards. The hardness, and density properties of water exposed BNNP, MWCNT, and MWCNT + BNNP hybrid reinforced and non-reinforced CFRPs were examined and compared with unexposed specimens according to ASTM standards. As a result of this study, it was observed that the hardness and density values of the specimens exposed to aging reinforced with nano-sized material were even higher than the hardness and density values of the neat epoxy unexposed to aging. Consequently, although water absorption caused a loss in the mechanical properties of the material, the negative effects of water absorption were minimized thanks to the added nano additives.
Effect of using different chemically modified breadfruit peel fiber in the reinforcement of LDPE composite
Authors: Government Rabboni Mike , Okeke Edozie Thompson , Oladimeji Azeez Taofik , Ani Amechi Kingsley , Onukwuli Okechukwu Dominic , Odera Raphael Stone 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper was based on the application of novel breadfruit peel fiber (BFPF), a cheap agro-waste as reinforcer in low-density polyethylene matrix (LDPE) to produce breadfruit peel fiber-low-density-polyethylene composite (BFPF-LDPE) for industrial production. To achieve this, the influence of BFPF weight at different treatment routes on the mechanical properties and water absorption resistance of LDPE was examined. The BFPF was modified with sodium hydroxide (MS), sodium hydroxide/acetic acid (AM) and sodium hydroxide/acetic acid/maleated polyethylene (MM). The results showed that the treatment of BFPF with sodium hydroxide/acetic acid/maleated polyethylene gave better properties than composites produced with either sodium hydroxide or combination of sodium hydroxide/ acetic acid treatment, while untreated (UM) composite provided the poorest. This is a result of anhydride radical in MM which is absent in AM and MS. However, the tensile and impact strength for the crude LDPE indicated higher values than UM, MS, AM and MM of BFPF-LDPE composite, respectively. Furthermore, the tensile modulus, flexural strength and hardness of BFPF-LDPE composite after inclusion of UM, MS, AM and MM showed immense improvement as compared to the raw LDPE. The modified BFPF enhanced sorption resistance of the BFPF-LDPE composite. Therefore, the BFPF-LDPE composite of MM can be applied as an alternative material for the replacement of particle board in construction and automobile parts.
Structural and optical properties of pure ZnO and Al/Cu co-doped ZnO semiconductor thin films and electrical characterization of photodiodes
Authors: Demirbilek Nihat , Yakuphanoğlu Fahrettin , Kaya Mehmet 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Nano-structured semiconductor thin films and p-type Si photodiodes were fabricated with the sol-gel spin coating technique using pure ZnO and co-doped ZnO:Alx:Cuy with x = 1 at.-%, y = 1, 2, 3, 5 at.-%. The structural and optical properties of thin films were examined using an XRD and a UV-spectrophotometer. The thin films have a hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure, and their optical band gap energies decrease with increasing Cu contribution. The electrical properties of photodiodes were assessed via I-V, C-V, (G/ω)-V and phototransient current (I-t, C-t) measurements. The Φ
b(I-V), experimental zero-bias barrier height, rectification ratio, ideality factor and Ion/Ioff parameters of the diodes were calculated using thermoionic emission model. In addition, Φ
b(C-V), barrier height, Vbi, built-in voltage, Vd, diffusion potential, Nd, donor concentration and Wd, depletion layer width of p-Si/ZnO:Alx:Cuy (x = 1 at.-%, y = 1 at.-%.) photodiodes were obtained using a C-2-V graph plotted at 1 MHz frequency. The photodiodes exhibit rectifying and photosensitive behaviors, and their reverse bias current increases with increasing light intensity. These results indicate that produced diodes can be employed as photodiodes or photosensors in optoelectronic circuits and electronic devices.
Wet route pellets production using primary sludge from kraft pulp mill
Authors: Rodrigues Bruna Virgínia Cunha , de Cássia Oliveira Carneiro Angélica , Silva Claudio Mudadu , Torres Caio Moreira Miquelino Eleto , de Magalhães Mateus Alves 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The substantial expansion of the Brazilian pulp and paper industry in the last years resulted in a significant increase in the solid waste generation. This paper investigates the production of pellets using primary sludge from the effluent treatment plant of a kraft pulp mill, as a fuel for producing energy, using a novel wet route process. The pellet samples were produced in a laboratory pelletizing press, which has a horizontal circular matrix. The samples were characterized by moisture content, high heating value, ash content, dimensions (diameter and length), mechanical durability and fines content. The net heating value and energetic density were also measured. The pellets manufactured with primary sludge were compared to the European standard for non-woody pellets. Pelletization caused a reduction of the moisture content by 37.8 %, and increased the net heating value by 41 % and bulk density by approximately 39 %, which resulted in a 263 % increase in the material´s energetic density. Pellet production using a wet route process was appropriate for the primary sludge, and produced pellets with a high mechanical durability (99.3 %) and low fines content (0.062 %), indicating the potential of thermal valorization for incineration in the biomass boiler to produce high-quality steam.
Fabrication of rosemary essential oil microcapsules and using in active packaging
Authors: Arman Kandirmaz Emine 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Essential oils are interesting plant extracts that are used for preservation in food field. They can be used in antibacterial food packaging systems. The disadvantage of essential oils is that they degrade due to light and heat and lose their biological activity. Encapsulation techniques enable essential oils to be protected them. In this study wall material maltodextrin and whey protein concentrate were used. The emulsions were prepared with rosemary oil and wall material. Freeze dried capsules were synthesized. The encapsulation efficiencies, surface morphologies and particle size distributions were determined. In addition, the paper coating formulations were prepared with rosemary oil capsule by different concentrations and applicate them onto the paper. Antimicrobial test was applied to both gram negative and positive bacteria on the coated papers. In addition, color, gloss and contact angle were measured by spectrophotometer, glossmeter and goniometer, respectively. The offset test prints were made on the coated papers, and the color and gloss of the prints were measured and the color changes were calculated. As a result, capsules with rosemary oil were produced. It was determined that rosemary coated papers showed activity against E. coli bacteria and this paper could be used in active food packaging.