bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Patents on Overflow Valve for Pressure Control
Authors: Xie Baocheng , Wang Yi , Zeng Zhaoqi , Gou Haoliang , Zhang Bing 
Published: February 2021

Background:
The overflow valve, as an essential pressure control element, is widely applied in various hydraulic transmission systems because of its characteristics of constant pressure overflow, stable pressure, system unloading and safety protection. The research on the structure and working principle of the overflow valve are beneficial to improve the working efficiency and operating stability of pressure control of the hydraulic transmission. Therefore, the development trend of the overflow valve for pressure control has been paid more and more attention.

Objective:
To meet the growing demands for the working efficiency and operating stability of hydraulic transmission, the structure of the overflow valve for pressure control such as direct-acting overflow valve and pilot-operated overflow valve is being improved continuously.

Methods:
This paper retraces various current representative patents relative to the structural device of direct-acting overflow valve and pilot-operated overflow valve for pressure control.

Results:
Through investigating a large number of patents on the overflow valve for pressure control, the main current existing problems such as low working efficiency and poor operating stability are summarized and analyzed. Moreover, the development tendency of the overflow valve for pressure control in the future is also discussed.

Conclusion:
The optimization of the structure of the overflow valve for pressure control is conducive to improve working efficiency and operating stability. More correlative patents will be invented in the future.
Medication Management Service for Old Age Homes in Hong Kong Using Information Technology, Automation Technology, and the Internet of Things: Pre-Post Interventional Study (Preprint)
Authors: So Kei Hong , Ting Cheuk Wun , Lee Chui Ping , Lam Teddy Tai-Ning , Chiang Sau Chu , Cheung Yin Ting 
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND

Innovation in technology and automation has been increasingly used to improve conventional medication management processes. In Hong Kong, the current practices of medication management in old age homes (OAHs) are time consuming, labor intensive, and error prone. To address this problem, we initiated an integrated medication management service combining information technology, automation technology, and the Internet of Things in a cluster network of OAHs.

OBJECTIVE

This pilot study aimed to evaluate the impact of the medication management program on (1) medication management efficiency, (2) medication safety, and (3) drug wastage in OAHs. We compared the time efficiency and the reductions in medication errors and medication wastage in OAHs before and at least 2 weeks after the implementation of the program.

METHODS

From November 2019 to February 2020, we recruited 2 OAHs (serving 178 residents) in Hong Kong into the prospective, pre-post interventional study. The interventional program consisted of electronic medication profiles, automated packaging, and electronic records of medication administration. Using 3-way analysis of variance, we compared the number of doses prepared and checked in 10-minute blocks before and after implementation. We received anonymous reports of medication errors from OAH staff and analyzed the results with the Fisher exact test. We also calculated the quantity and cost of wasted medications from drug disposal reports.

RESULTS

The number of doses prepared and checked in 10-minute blocks significantly increased postimplementation (pre: 41.3, SD 31.8; post: 70.6, SD 22.8; <i>P</i>&lt;.001). There was also a significant reduction in medication errors (pre: 10/9504 doses, 0.1%; post: 0/5731 doses; <i>P</i>=.02). The total costs of wasted medications during January 2020 in OAH 1 (77 residents) and OAH 2 (101 residents) were HK $2566.03 (US $328.98) and HK $5249.48 (US $673.01), respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

Our pilot study suggested that an innovative medication management program with information technology, automation technology, and Internet of Things components improved the time efficiency of medication preparation and medication safety for OAHs. It is a promising solution to address the current limitations in medication management in OAHs in Hong Kong.
PERSPECTIVA DA LINGUAGEM ENQUANTO AÇÃO NO TEXTO A RESSURREIÇÃO DE ROMA
Authors: Faria Evangelina Brito 
Published: February 2021

Para a Linguística Interacional, a linguagem é um lugar de interação comunicativa, pela produção de sentido entre interlocutores, em uma dada situação de comunicação, constituída por um contexto histórico e ideológico. Os usuários da língua interagem enquanto sujeitos, que ocupam lugares sociais e falam e ouvem desses lugares. Para essa concepção, “A interação verbal constitui a realidade fundamental da linguagem”. Para Bakhtin, a comunicação só existe na reciprocidade do diálogo e é muito mais que a simples transmissão de mensagem, é, sobretudo, constituição de sujeitos. Constituição de sujeitos é uma das principais ações da linguagem. Considerar a língua como ação é assumir que a prática social, que chamamos linguagem, é indissociável de suas consequências éticas, sociais, econômicas e culturais. Por essa perspectiva, essa comunicação tem por objetivo observar, no texto A Ressurreição de Roma, de Lubich (1949), as consequências de seu dizer para a vida em sociedade. Chiara Lubich (1920-2008) é uma das figuras mais representativas do diálogo intercultural e interreligioso do século XX. Fundadora do Movimento dos Focolares, utilizou múltiplos meios de comunicação para difundir seus pensamentos, deixando um grande arquivo de publicações, ainda parcialmente inédito. Teoricamente, buscamos, principalmente, apoio em Bakhtin (2014) e na pragmática de Austin (1990). Metodologicamente, faremos um percurso bibliográfico. Espera-se consolidar a visão da linguagem enquanto ação e mostrar sua importância na construção de relações mais sólidas, ancoradas em um discurso, que encontre respaldo nas ações realizadas na sociedade.

Palavras- chave: Linguagem, Ação, Lubich
PRESENÇA DE UNIDADES FRASEOLÓGICAS NA LITERATURA POPULAR CEARENSE
Authors: Alencar Maria Silvana Militão de Alencar 
Published: February 2021

Resumo: A língua como produto social reflete a cultura e a sociedade em que se vive. Cultura vista como conhecimento adquirido socialmente, e sociedade definida como grupo de pessoas que têm objetivos e interesses comuns ou semelhantes. A língua é, ao mesmo tempo, a história de um povo. Pretende-se, com este trabalho, observar o uso de parémias (provérbios) e expressões idiomáticas registradas na Literatura Popular Cearense através da poesia de um dos maiores poetas populares brasileiros, Patativa do Assaré, e no romance Dona Guidinha do Poço, de autoria do grande escritor, Manuel de Oliveira Paiva. Justifica-se pela necessidade de preservar e valorizar os traços linguísticos e culturais cearenses que, embora relegados a um segundo plano, retratam a história e a cultura desse povo. Utiliza-se a Fraseologia como uma abordagem acadêmica da língua juntamente com a Etnolinguística por se tratar de um estudo do léxico em relação à cultura.
Palavras-chave: Fraseologia; Paremiologia; Etnolinguística; Literatura Popular Cearense.
Changes in the Diagnosis and Management of Diabetes in Mexico City Between 1998–2004 and 2015–2019
Authors: Aguilar-Ramirez Diego , Alegre-Díaz Jesus , Gnatiuc Louisa , Ramirez-Reyes Raúl , Wade Rachel , Hill Michael , Collins Rory , Peto Richard , Emberson Jonathan R. , Herrington William G. , Kuri-Morales Pablo , Tapia-Conyer Roberto 
Published: February 2021

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the trends in diabetes prevalence, diagnosis, and management among Mexican adults who were participants in a long-term prospective study.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
From 1998 to 2004, 159,755 adults from Mexico City were recruited to a prospective study, and from 2015 to 2019, 10,144 survivors were resurveyed. Diabetes was defined as self-reported diagnosis, glucose-lowering medication use, or HbA1c ≥6.5%. Controlled diabetes was defined as HbA1c &lt;7%. Prevalence estimates were uniformly standardized for age, sex, and residential district. Cox models explored the relevance of controlled and inadequately controlled diabetes to cause-specific mortality.

RESULTS
During 1998–2004 and 2015–2019, 99,623 and 8,986 participants were aged 45–84 years. Diabetes prevalence had increased from 26% in 1998–2004 to 35% by 2015–2019. Of those with diabetes, the proportion previously diagnosed had increased from 76% to 89%, and glucose-lowering medication use among them had increased from 80% to 94%. Median HbA1c among those with diabetes had decreased from 8.2% to 7.3%, and the proportion of participants with controlled diabetes had increased from 16% to 37%. Use of blood pressure–lowering medication among those with previously diagnosed diabetes had increased from 35% to 51%, and their use of lipid-lowering therapy had increased from 1% to 14%. The excess mortality risk associated with diabetes accounted for 34% of deaths at ages 35–74 years, of which 5% were attributable to controlled and 29% to inadequately controlled diabetes.

CONCLUSIONS
Inadequately controlled diabetes is a leading cause of premature adult death in Mexico. Improvements in diabetes management have increased diagnosis and control, but substantial opportunities remain to improve treatment, particularly with lipid-lowering therapy.
TO THE QUESTION ABOUT THE FORMATION OF THE CONCEPT “EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES” IN RUSSIA
Authors: Лингевич Ольга Владимировна 
Published: February 2021

На основе проведенного историко-педагогического анализа выявлено содержание понятий «внешкольная работа», «внеклассная работа», «внеучебная деятельность», «внеурочная работа». Предлагается периодизация этапов становления внеурочной деятельности школьников, описываются особенности организации внеурочной деятельности обучающихся на различных исторических этапах становления данного феномена в России: 1) возникновения феномена «внешкольной работы» в российском образовании, особенности которого связаны с созданием сети внешкольных учреждений «частной и общественной инициативы», направленностью их деятельности на общее развитие детей непривилегированных классов; 2) эволюции форм внешкольной, внеклассной, внеурочной деятельности обучающихся в образовательных организациях, чье своеобразие было обусловлено развитием массовой практики организации внешкольной (внеклассной, внеурочной) деятельности (включая создание «индустрии» досуговой деятельности детей и молодежи по месту жительства), интенсификацией научных исследований, в том числе содержанием данной работы, определением ее оптимальных задач, технологий, форм реализации; 3) становления современных моделей организации внеурочной деятельности, связанном с формированием в рамках системно-деятельностной образовательной парадигмы личностных и метапредметных образовательных результатов обучающихся.
On the basis of the conducted historical and pedagogical analysis, the content of the concepts “afterschool work”, “out-of-class work”, “nonlearning work”, “extracurricular work” was revealed. The periodization of the stages of the formation of extracurricular activities of schoolchildren is proposed; describes the features of the organization of extracurricular activities of students at various historical stages of the formation of this phenomenon in Russia: 1) at the stage of the emergence of the phenomenon of “extracurricular work” in Russian education, the features of which are associated with the creation of a network of extracurricular institutions of “private and public initiative”, the focus of their activities on the general development of children of unprivileged classes; 2) at the stage of evolution of forms of extracurricular, extracurricular, extracurricular activities of students in educational organizations, whose originality was due to the development of mass practice of organizing extracurricular (extracurricular) activities (including the creation of an “industry” of leisure activities for children and youth at the place of residence), intensification of scientific research, including the content of this work, determining its optimal tasks, technologies, forms of implementation; 3) at the stage of formation of modern models of organization of extracurricular activities associated with the formation of personal and metasubject educational results of students within the framework of the system-activity educational paradigm.
USE OF PEDAGOGICAL TEACHING TECHNOLOGIES IN PRACTICAL WORK ON CHEMISTRY
Authors: Шабанова Ирина Анатольевна , Ковалёва Светлана Владимировна 
Published: February 2021

Охарактеризован традиционный подход к методике проведения практических работ по химии и выделены его компоненты. Обосновано использование блочно-модульной технологии обучения при проведении химического эксперимента, дана ее характеристика. Описано содержание модульной карты, состоящей из учебных элементов, включающих инструкцию к практической работе, источники учебного материала, вопросы и задания, входной и выходной контроль знаний и умений. Приведен пример модульной карты для практической работы в 11-м классе. Показаны методические возможности использования кейсов и кроссенсов как средств контроля знаний, их особенности для химического эксперимента. Приведены примеры кейса и кроссенса. Представлены результаты анкетирования обучающихся с целью выявления их отношения к работе с модульными картами, кейсами и кроссенсами.
The traditional approach to the method of carrying out practical work in chemistry is characterized and its main components are identified. The use of block-modular teaching technology in conducting a chemical experiment has been substantiated. A characteristic of block-modular technology is given, the content of a modular map, consisting of educational elements reflecting the content of practical work in chemistry, sources of educational material, questions and tasks, input and output control of knowledge and skills, is described. The functions of educational elements in the module are highlighted, which allow organizing the experimental activity of students. An example of a modular card for practical work in chemistry in grade 11 is given. The methodological possibilities of using cases as one of the unconventional means of input and output control of knowledge and skills, their features for a chemical experiment are described, an example of a case is given. The characteristic is given to crossenсes as elements of the game technology of teaching, which are used to control the quality of mastering the content of practical work. An example of crossenсe to the experiment “Obtaining hydrogen in a test tube” is presented. The results of a survey of schoolchildren in order to identify their attitude to work with modular cards, cases and crossenсes are presented. It was found that the majority of respondents reacted positively to the use of these didactic materials in practical work in chemistry.
CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS OF ADVANCED PROFESSIONAL TRAINING FOR SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE REGION
Authors: Лысенко Виктор Геннадьевич 
Published: February 2021

Рассматриваются подходы к разработке концептуальных оснований опережающей профессиональной подготовки кадров для социально-экономического развития региона. Выделяются отдельные аспекты регионализации образования в контексте деятельности учреждений среднего профессионального образования. Обосновывается актуальность и востребованность центра опережающей профессиональной подготовки, ориентированного на потребности приоритетных направлений экономического и технологического развития региона и повышение профессиональной занятости разных групп населения. Определяются цели и задачи опережающей профессиональной подготовки, ожидаемые результаты и эффекты ее реализации в практике работы центра опережающей профессиональной подготовки, созданного на базе ГПОУ «Сибирский политехнический техникум» (г. Кемерово). Продемонстрированы некоторые результаты деятельности центра опережающей профессиональной подготовки Кемеровской области за 2019 и 2020 годы.
Nowadays the system of secondary vocational education must be ready to meet modern challenges and requirements for professional training and be able to cope with the contradiction between the existing quality of specialists’ training and the employers and the labor market demands for highly qualified specialists. Therefore, the issue of creating a system of advanced professional training is extremely vital. The article considers approaches to the theoretical basis for the conceptual foundations of advanced professional training of specialists required for the socio-economic development of the region. It distinguishes some certain aspects of the regionalization of education in the context of activities performed by institutions involved in the secondary vocational education. The paper also substantiates the urgency and the relevance of the advanced vocational training center, whose activity is aimed at satisfying the needs of priority directions of economic and technological development of the region and increasing the professional employment of its population. The article determines goals and objectives of advanced vocational training, specifies expected outcomes and effects of their implementation in the practice of advanced vocational training center which was created on the basis of the Siberian Polytechnic College (Kemerovo). Moreover, the author demonstrates the most significant results achieved by the center of advanced vocational training of the Kemerovo region over the period of 2019, 2020. The approbation of the designed model developed on the conceptual foundations of advanced vocational training confirmed that it contributes to the successful solution of the planned goals and objectives.
KARAKTERISASI BAKTERI ENDOFIT PENGHASIL FITOHORMON IAA (Indole Acetic Acid) DARI KULIT BATANG TUMBUHAN RARU (Cotylelobium melanoxylon)
Authors: Tanjung Suci Ramadhani , Hasanah Uswatun , Idramsa Idramsa 
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh bakteri endofit penghasil hormon IAA dan mengetahui karakteristik isolat bakteri yang mampu menghasilkan IAA berdasarkan karakter morfologi, biokimia dan fisiologinya. Bakteri endofit dari kulit batang Tumbuhan raru telah tersedia di Labortorium Mikrobiologi UNIMED. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dari 24 isolat bakteri endofit terdapat dua isolat yang memiliki kemampuan dalam menghasilkan IAA yaitu ER 15 dan ER 23, kedua isolat bakteri endofit tersebut memiliki karakterisitik morfologi koloni dengan warna koloni; putih, bentuk; bulat, tepi koloni; rata dan berombak, permukaan koloni; licin, karakteristik morfologi sel adalah gram negatif dan positif. Karakteristik biokimia bakteri antara lain dapat mereduksi gula dari fermentasi karbohidrat, memfermentasi gula dalam jumlah yang rendah, menghasilkan asam campuran, menghidrolisis protein, menghasilkan enzim gelatinase dan katalase. Tidak dapat menghasilkan enzim urease, sitrase dan tidak dapat menghidrolisis hydrogen sulfida. Berdasarkan karakteristik fisiologinya isolat bakteri endofit ER 15 dapat tumbuh optimum pada suhu 350 C dan pada pH 7,2 – 8,9. Isolat ER 23 tumbuh optimum pada suhu 300 C – 400 C, dan dapat tumbuh pada pH 5,2 – 10,2. Kata kunci : Karakterisasi, bakteri endofit, hormon IAA
Seleksi dan Karakterisasi Bakteri Endofit dari Tumbuhan Raru (Cotilelobium melanoxylon) Pendegradasi Selulosa
Authors: Lubis Sirma , Riwayati Riwayati , Idramsa Idramsa 
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyeleksi dan mengisolasi isolat bakteri endofit pada kulit batang tumbuhan raru (Cotilelobium melanoxylon) yang mampu mendegrasi selulosa, dan mengkarakterisasikan bakteri tersebut berdasarkan karakter morfologi, Fisiologi dan biokimianya. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di laboratorium Biologi Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Negeri Medan selama tiga bulan yaitu mulai bulan Mei sampai Juli 2015. Sampel isolat bakteri endofit pada kulit batang tumbuhan Raru (Cotilelobium melanoxylon) merupakan koleksi dari laboratorium Biologi Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Negeri Medan. Isolat bakteri pendegradasi selulosa dilakukan secara analisis kuantitatif dengan melihat zona bening pada media CMC agar yang telah diinokulasikan bakteri endofit setelah diinkubasi selama 10 hari pada suhu 30oC. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa dari 24 isolat diperoleh 1 isolat yang mampu untuk mendegradasi selulosa yaitu ER 11. Memiliki koloni bulat dengan tepi koloni rata, warna koloni putih kekuningan dengan permukaan licin dan elevasi rata, bakteri tersebut termasuk bakteri Gram positif. Suhu optimum untuk pertumbuhan isolat ER 11 adalah 35oC. Dan pH optimum untuk pertumbuhan isolat bakteri ER 11 adalah 6.5 sampai 7.2 Kata Kunci : Bakteri, Endofit, CMC, Raru, Pendegradasi Selulosa
Pengaruh Ektrak Etanol Daun Buas-Buas (Premna pubescens Blume) Sebagai Antiinflamasi Pada Edema Kaki Tikus Putih (Rattus novergicus)
Authors: Marbun Eka Mona A. , Restuati Martina 
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya pengaruh ekstrak etanol Daun Buas-Buas dan yang paling besar pengaruhnya sebagai antiinflamasi pada edema kaki tikus putih (Rattus novergicus) dengan induksi karagenan 1%. Penelitian ini dimulai dari tanggal 16 Februari sampai dengan tanggal 30 April 2015. Penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Eksperimen dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) Non Faktorial. Dengan lima taraf perlakuan yaitu Kontrol (-) : CMC 0,5% ; Kontrol (+) : Na diklofenak 10 mg ; Ekstrak Etanol Daun buas-buas 100 mg ; Ekstrak etanol daun buas-buas 200 mg ; Ekstrak Etanol Daun Buas-Buas 300 mg. Data yang diperoleh dengan ANAVA kemudian dilanjutkan dengan Uji BNT. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukan bahwa Ekstrak Etanol Daun Buas-Buas pada masing-masing konsentrasi mempunyai aktivitas sebagai antiinflamasi pada edema kaki tikus putih, dimana Nilai F hitung (4,15) > F tabel 0,05 (2,87 ) dan 0.01 (4,43). Dosis ekstrak yang paling berpengaruh dalam antiinflamasi adalah dosis Ekstrak Etanol Daun Buas-Buas 300 mg setelah diuji lanjut dengan BNT berpengaruh nyata dengan taraf kepercayaan 99%. Kata Kunci : Antiinflamasii, Daun buas-buas (Premna pubescens Blume), tikus putih ( Rattus novergicus)
Analisis dan Pemanfaatan Bunga Kembang Sepatu (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis) Sebagai Zat Warna Alami Pada Makanan Cenil
Authors: Harahap Nuroni , Hasairin Ashar 
Published: February 2021

Pewarna dengan zat warna alami mulai tergeser dengan masuknya zat warna sintetis, karena penggunaannya yang lebih praktis dan efisien. Kebanyakan zat warna sintetis akan memberikan efek warna pada makanan lebih menarik serta cerah namun bersifat karsinogenik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui cara mengekstraksi antosianin dari tumbuhan, menentukan nilai pH dankonsentrasi asam tartarat yang tepat untuk menghasilkan pigmen antosianin yang maksimal danpenerapannya pada bahan pangan cenil melalui uji organoleptik. Penelitian dengan 6 perlakuan yaitu asam tartarat 0%, 0,25%, 0,50%, 0,75%, 1% dan 1,25% dalam 50ml. Setiap perlakuandilakukan dengan 5 kali ulangan. Tahapan penelitian meliputi ekstraksi senyawa antosianin denganmetodemaserasi, penentuan total antosianin, pengukuran pH, penentuan absorbansi pigmen, , penerapan pada bahan makanan, uji organoleptik warna, rasa, aroma, dan tekstur. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan ANAVA . Dimana F Hitung (0,00714) < F Tabel 0,05 (2,62) dan 0,01 (3,90) menunjukkan pengaruh tidak nyata pada taraf kepercayaan 99%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekstraksi bunga kembang sepatu dengankonsentrasi asam tartarat 0,75% menghasilkan kadar antosianin paling tinggi. Kata kunci : Bunga Kembang Sepatu (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis), Zat warna, Cenil