bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular characterization of Barrett’s esophagus at single-cell resolution
Authors: Busslinger Georg A. , de Barbanson Buys , Oka Rurika , Weusten Bas L. A. , de Maat Michiel , van Hillegersberg Richard , Brosens Lodewijk A. A. , van Boxtel Ruben , van Oudenaarden Alexander , Clevers Hans 
Published: November 2021

Significance
Barrett’s esophagus (BE), the premalignant condition of esophageal adenocarcinoma, is categorized into different stages which correlate with the risk of developing carcinoma. We performed single-cell DNA-sequencing experiments with fresh biopsies, which revealed the appearance of a specific T > C and T > G mutational signature, known as COSMIC signature SBS17, in BE cells that are chromosomally unstable. The SBS17-specific mutations were, however, not detected in chromosomally stable BE cells. Additionally, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing experiments which identified seven genes that facilitate the distinction between different BE stages on histological sections.
A supervised machine learning semantic segmentation approach for detecting artifacts in plethysmography signals from wearables
Authors: Guo Zhicheng , Ding Cheng , Hu Xiao , Rudin Cynthia 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Objective. Wearable devices equipped with plethysmography (PPG) sensors provided a low-cost, long-term solution to early diagnosis and continuous screening of heart conditions. However PPG signals collected from such devices often suffer from corruption caused by artifacts. The objective of this study is to develop an effective supervised algorithm to locate the regions of artifacts within PPG signals. Approach. We treat artifact detection as a 1D segmentation problem. We solve it via a novel combination of an active-contour-based loss and an adapted U-Net architecture. The proposed algorithm was trained on the PPG DaLiA training set, and further evaluated on the PPG DaLiA testing set, WESAD dataset and TROIKA dataset. Main results. We evaluated with the DICE score, a well-established metric for segmentation accuracy evaluation in the field of computer vision. The proposed method outperforms baseline methods on all three datasets by a large margin (≈7 percentage points above the next best method). On the PPG DaLiA testing set, WESAD dataset and TROIKA dataset, the proposed method achieved 0.8734 ± 0.0018, 0.9114 ± 0.0033 and 0.8050 ± 0.0116 respectively. The next best method only achieved 0.8068 ± 0.0014, 0.8446 ± 0.0013 and 0.7247 ± 0.0050. Significance. The proposed method is able to pinpoint exact locations of artifacts with high precision; in the past, we had only a binary classification of whether a PPG signal has good or poor quality. This more nuanced information will be critical to further inform the design of algorithms to detect cardiac arrhythmia.
Nonlinear dynamics of magnetorheological whole-satellite with variable parameters under small amplitude and medium-high frequency vibration
Authors: Deng Xiong , Dong Xiaomin , Xing Jianwei , Li Wenfeng , Xi Jun 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Whole-satellite vibration isolation system with magneto-rheological (MR) damper is a new idea to solve the problem of small amplitude and medium-high frequency vibration. However, it also brings challenges to MR technology, wherein the super hysteresis and variable stiffness properties of MR damper are lack of research. Considering the particularity of MR damper under small amplitude and medium-high frequency conditions, the MR damper is identified by employing an improved Bingham model, then dynamic characteristics of the whole-satellite system are analyzed by nonlinear bifurcation theory, and then the nonlinear analysis method of MR whole-satellite system with variable parameters is proposed. To verify the effectiveness of the nonlinear analysis method of MR whole-satellite system with variable parameters, the influence of bifurcation parameters on the system parameters is analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively, then time histories and phase diagrams of fixed-parameter and parameter-varying MR whole-satellite system are compared. The analysis suggests that the improved Bingham model adequately characterizes the strong nonlinear hysteretic and variable stiffness behavior of the MR damper. Moreover, the comparison results illustrate that the time histories and phase portraits of the parameter-varying system are in good agreement with those of different fixed-parameter system, and the parameter-varying system has good adaptability in the selected range of bifurcation parameters. This study provides a basis for the design of structural parameters and the optimization of control strategy for MR whole-satellite system.
The acoustic property and impact behaviour of 3D printed structures filled with shear thickening fluids
Authors: Liu Haiqing , Fu Kunkun , Zhu Huixin , Yang Bin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this study, the microstructures of the silica and styrene/acrylate particles and rheological behaviour of the three STFs were measured. The acoustic property and impact behaviour of 3D printed structures filled with STFs were investigated. The results showed that sound transmission loss (STL) of the structures filled with 46.5 vol% silica-based and 58.8 vol% styrene/acrylate-based STFs have been significantly improved, while their sound absorption coefficient (SAC) reduced greatly. The internal damage mechanism and energy absorption of honeycomb structures filled with different volume fraction STFs under low-velocity impact (LVI) loading were analysed, finding that the volume fractions and nanoparticles hardness of STFs has a significant influence on the impact resistance of the 3D printed honeycomb structures.
Thermodynamic analysis of Al clusters formation over aluminum melt
Authors: Zhokh Alexey , Strizhak Peter , Goryuk Maksym , Narivskiy Anatolii 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The formation of the aluminum nanoparticles with the size of up to 60 atoms in a gas phase is theoretically studied. Thermodynamic modeling has been applied to investigate the effect of the synthesis conditions on the distribution of the nanoparticles. The magic numbers of the particles have been estimated and found to be consistent with the available data. Furthermore, the simulations showed that higher amounts of larger nanoparticles are obtained during condensation from the supercooled aluminum vapor. In contrast, lower amounts of smaller clusters may be formed in a gas phase over the aluminum melt. Varying the temperature and concentration of supercooled aluminum vapor in a broad range results in no significant change in cluster size distribution. This effect is governed by the equilibrium shift.
Comments on axions, domain walls, and cosmic strings
Authors: Dine Michael , Fernandez Nicolas , Ghalsasi Akshay , Patel Hiren H. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Axions have for some time been considered a plausible candidate for dark matter. They can be produced through misalignment, but it has been argued that when inflation occurs before a Peccei-Quinn transition, appreciable production can result from cosmic strings. This has been the subject of extensive simulations. But there are reasons to be skeptical about the possible role of axion strings. We review and elaborate on these questions, and argue that parametrically strings are already accounted for by the assumption of random misalignment angles. We review and elaborate on these questions, and provide several qualitative arguments that parametrically strings are already accounted for by the assumption of random misalignment angles. The arguments are base on considerations of the collective modes of the string solutions, on computations of axion radiation in particular models, and reviews of simulations.
Evaluating superblock design to enhance urban greening
Authors: Eggimann Sven , Lischer Philipp , Bolliger Janine 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Superblocks are an urban transformation strategy to create pedestrian-centric neighbourhoods. This study presents a methodological framework to assess the potential for urban green space (UGS) arising from superblock design. A quantitative assessment of the current state of UGS in superblocks is performed with geospatial analysis and earth observation techniques for a Swiss city. We find that UGS varies considerably across identified locations and decreases with smaller block sizes. Based on two scenarios, we illustrate how information on current UGS at the street or block level can be used to benchmark and assess urban greening potentials at superblock sites.
Satellite imagery to select a sample of rooftops for a PV installation project in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Blunden Luke S. , Mahdy Mostafa Y.M. , Alghamdi Abdulsalam S. , Bahaj AbuBakr S 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A region-based convolutional neural network image segmentation approach (Mask R-CNN) was applied to identification of flat rooftops from satellite imagery in the city of Jeddah in Saudi Arabia. The model was trained on a small sample of rooftops (202) digitized from a 0.5 m resolution image (covering 0.21 km2) and then was applied to an independent area 4.5 km away. The precision and recall of the model were 0.98 and 0.96 respectively in terms of identifying rooftops in the independent area. A spatially stratified sample of rooftops was drawn from those identified by the model and the median roof area of the sample was not significantly different from the area as a whole. The results, although at a small scale, demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach for selecting buildings with appropriate rooftops for solar photovoltaic (PV) installation, in the context of closely spaced flat-roofed buildings, without requiring cadastral mapping or LIDAR datasets.
Empirical evaluation of energy profiles of thermally-efficient homes with smart energy systems and controls
Authors: Gupta Rajat , Morey Johanna 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Smart control technologies are beginning to be deployed in homes to optimise heating and alter the timing of domestic energy demand to enable residential demand side response (DSR). This paper presents before (baseline phase) and after (control phase) evaluation of the monitored indoor temperature and energy demand during the heating season in 10 new-build dwellings, each of which received a 5kWh electro-chemical battery and smart control to enable shifting of heating energy demand. The dwellings had air source heat pumps (ASHP) and 2kWp solar photovoltaic (PV) panels, and were located in a social housing estate in Barnsley, England. For eight dwellings, heat pump electricity use per heating degree day was found to decrease by 10% and narrow baseline peaks were suppressed during the control phase. Daily mean grid electricity import and heat pump electricity use in the peak period (4pm – 7pm) were measured as 4.0 kWh and 1.4 kWh during the control phase as compared to 3.8kWh and 1.3 kWh for the baseline phase. However the use of a flat tariff (single-rate) meant that battery charging-discharging capability was not fully utilised. Time-of-use tariff would further enhance cost savings associated with the change in the timing of energy demand.
Do-it-yourself, low-cost building monitoring system
Authors: Steiger Olivier , Marek Reto 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Monitoring systems are essential for the energy-efficient and comfortable operation of buildings. However, today's monitoring solutions are relatively expensive in terms of purchase, installation, and maintenance. At the same time, there is a need for low-cost monitoring systems, especially for smaller buildings. To address this need, a novel do-it-yourself, low-cost building monitoring system based on open technologies has been developed. The system is intended to be assembled and put into operation by laymen in accordance with given instructions. Accordingly, all work stages must be simple and obvious. This paper describes the low-cost monitoring system and its prototype implementation.
The role of building morphology on pedestrian level comfort in Northern climate
Authors: Eslamirad Nasim , Luca Francesco De , Lylykangas Kimmo Sakari 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Due to the rapid densification of cities, improving outdoor comfort is becoming increasingly important. To address this need, the current study introduces a methodology to evaluate outdoor comfort in the proximity of typical buildings in Tallinn, Estonia. The microclimate simulation software ENVI-met was employed to investigate the outdoor comfort conditions. The research outcomes show that the building's form, height, density, and orientation change consistently the pedestrian comfort around the buildings. The findings suggest that the integrated analysis of different building morphologies, massing, orientation, and their influences on the surrounding microclimate, thermal, and wind comfort are important.
Energy analysis of Texas Metropolitan Areas for climate change mitigation using LiDar
Authors: Felkner J , Mbata E 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Buildings account for a large share of U.S. energy use making the building sector a prime candidate for efficiency measures. Obtaining accurate information about geometry and occupancy can prove computationally intense. We analyze different neighborhoods in Texas under a new methodology that allows for large scale implementation. This methodology uses PostgreSQL, QGIS, LiDar, Grasshopper and CitySim to generate, analyze and compare energy models under various climate change scenarios. An energy analysis was performed on over 100,000 buildings in Dallas, Texas, evaluating performance in terms of energy efficiency and overheating under several refurbishment scenarios. Neighborhoods in Dallas were analyzed under a modified methodology designed to scale the results of a previous, smaller study by the authors to a broader sample. This study found metropolitan areas performed similarly under various refurbishment scenarios; the more aggressive scenarios showing greater improvements for the same given amount of time. The results of the experiments show consistency between this expanded method and the original. This method must make concessions in terms of detail. While it is possible to achieve a more accurate estimate by taking into account variables such as enclosure composition, building systems and shading surfaces, it becomes difficult for larger simulation, making LiDar an effective alternative.
Characterization of the urban microclimate by the modelling of urban planning policies in France
Authors: Técher Magalie , Haddou Hassan Ait , Aguejdad Rahim 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
With the increase of Urban Heat Islands (UHI) and the effects of global warming, cities will face challenges in anticipating these phenomena. However, the complexity of urban development within the framework of urban planning policies, makes difficult for urban decision-makers to anticipate the Urban Heat Islands within their territory. In this paper, we propose a methodology to assess the impact of urban planning policies on Urban Heat Island. Thanks to a coupling of 2D urban growth model, 3D constructability model and urban microclimate simulation, this tool will make it possible to visualize the impact of urban planning decisions on urban form and on Urban Heat Island.
Experimental implementation of a context-aware prosumer
Authors: Cai Hanmin , Heer Philipp 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper reports an experimental implementation of a flexible prosumer that adapts its behavior according to occupants’ objectives and system operator’s request. Model predictive control is incorporated into an existing building energy management system such that the energy management system can achieve user-defined objectives while quantifying energetic flexibility to support a stable and efficient system operation. Context-awareness is demonstrated through a series of experiments with energy efficiency, cost reduction, and carbon footprint reduction as occupants’ objectives. Besides, the flexibility of the prosumer is quantified in real-time and communicated to system operators. The results show occupants’ comfort and preference can be sufficiently guaranteed. Moreover, the flexibility quantification shows that the energy management system has considerable impacts on the levels of available flexibility.
How daylight representation in architectural competitions images can lead to an erroneous interpretation of projects
Authors: Paule Bernard , Pereira Joshua 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The digital world we are living in today offers viewers an experience of buildings before they even exist. This experience is no longer just geometric or descriptive, but also sensory. It generates emotions through fixed or animated images of 3 dimensional objects inserted in an urban context. These images are produced by specialized agencies with specific tools allowing them to generate visual artefacts with a striking impression of realism. The light that bathes these scenes is carefully worked out in order to capture our gaze. We believe that, in some cases, this may generate errors of appreciation and that these representations can lead to questionable choices when they are used in architectural competitions. This paper proposes some keys to analyse these sublimated images and aims to give the reader the possibility to interpret architectural projects in a more realistic way.
Assessment of thermal and electrical performance of BIPV façades using simplified simulations
Authors: Schindelholz Romain , Rahiminejad Mohammad , Chatterjee Arnab , Khovalyg Dolaana 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) facades are a solution to consider when it comes to electricity generation on the building site. One of the main challenges attributes to this technology is finding the best trade-off between the electrical efficiency of BIPVs and the energy use of the building. This study aims to identify a scenario that yields the optimized results for electrical and thermal performance in a test building. Among the scenarios, the original wooden cladding in the test building is either replaced with PV panels or the PV modules are added to the existing facade. Rhinoceros 3D CAD software and its visual programming plugin Grasshopper are used to perform various simulations for both east-oriented and west-oriented façades with low and high thermal inertia wall structures. Although a complex flow phenomenon behind BIPVs is simplified in the 3D heat transfer model, relatively reliable results are obtained using the chosen simulation tool. It is observed that the east-faced BIPV facade in the test building has higher electrical efficiency. This could be attributed to the lower inertia of the east wall that allows easier propagation of heat through the structure.
Fault detection and diagnosis in building energy systems: A tool chain for the automated generation of training data
Authors: Stiphoudt Christine van , Stinner Florian , Bode Gerrit , Kümpel Alexander , Müller Dirk 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The application of fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) algorithms in building energy management systems (BEMS) has great potential to increase the efficiency of building energy systems (BES). The usage of supervised learning algorithms requires time series depicting both nominal and component faulty behaviour for their training. In this paper, we introduce a method that automates Modelica code extension of BES models in Python with fault models to approximate real component faults. The application shows two orders of magnitude faster implementation compared to manual modelling, while no errors occur in the connections between fault and component models.
The impact of roof morphology on solar potential: making Toronto suburbs solar ready
Authors: Hasan Javeriya , Horvat Miljana , Riddell Charles , Wang Rita 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Rapid urbanization, the increasing effects of climate change, the need to reduce fossil fuels’ dependency as well as to improve cities’ resiliency are accelerating the shift towards renewable energy. Additionally, unnecessary complex roof morphologies that are often pushed by suburban divisions’ developers to make houses look more “opulent” and appealing to homebuyers, also impede the smooth integration of active solar technologies. To address this, and to respond to increasing homebuyers’ interest in renewable energy, this study looks to demonstrate how relatively minor design changes could affect the potential for solar generation and create ‘solar ready’ homes without compromising on the aesthetic of the roof morphologies in styles expected by homebuyers. It looked at six different roof morphological forms ranging from small to large houses, a common suburban house archetype in Canada. The roof configurations were remodelled to remove ‘fake dormers’, minimise ridges and valleys, etc. This process helped maximize the south, south-east, south-west, east and west facing surfaces. The results show that these changes could have a significant impact on the magnitude of solar power generation. The power output from a remodelled neighborhood at an optimized orientation exceeded the community’s electricity demand by 24%.
Parameters and indicators used in Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) studies: a review
Authors: Diaz Muriel , Piderit Maria Beatriz , Attia Shady 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Indoor environmental quality (IEQ) is a broad concept, which seeks to define when a built space provides welfare to its occupants. In general, it is defined as the condition of thermal, visual, acoustic and air quality comfort and depends on multiple factors. In the case of school buildings, the relevance of IEQ is related to its effects on the wellbeing, health and performance of the students and teachers. This research summarizes previous studies of IEQ from a multivariable perspective to prove that this research area needs to be further developed. Previous results show that an integrated analysis of IEQ parameters could better understand the IEQ perception of their occupants. Research on IEQ in schools generally refers to one or two aspects of the four. Even the most recent research deals with these topics separately, without using a systemic approach. The reductionism generated by isolating parameters allows us to study a parameter in detail but does not evaluate the environmental quality of the space. This is why new metrics are necessary to describe, assess and compare IEQ in educational spaces under a systemic approach.
Nature Based Solution for indoor air quality treatment
Authors: Gattringer Heinz , Efthymiou-Charalampopoulou Nektaria , Lines Egmont , Kolokotroni Maria 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Plants have the ability to absorb and degrade VOCs (volatile organic compounds). Foliage can intercept particulate matter (PM) and thus, help to reduce its concentration in the air. Plants can be used as filters in indoor conditions adding an ecosystem service to the decorative purpose. A plant-based air filtration system that actively improves indoor air quality has been developed and installed at a students’ residence at Brunel University, London. This unit replaces an existing window with a mini-greenhouse containing upwards of 30 plants and is connected to an air circuit to treat the indoor air. A monitoring plan is collecting data on the performance of the solution until at least the end of 2021. Preliminary results are presented, which indicate good effectiveness at reducing tVOCs and lower efficiency at reducing PM.