bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract B94: Targeted ablation of FoxP3+ T cells activates peripheral and tumor-infiltrating cytotoxic CD8+ T cells in multiple syngeneic mouse tumor models
Authors: Wang Yingyun , Delfino Teresita , Schartner Jill M. , Rutz Sascha 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) are essential to prevent autoimmunity but have also been implicated in suppressing antitumor immune responses. We assessed the impact of depletion of Treg cells in 8 different syngeneic tumor models, including cancer immunotherapy-sensitive and -resistant models. Robust, rapid tumor control or regression was observed in all models tested. Analysis of both peripheral and tumor-infiltrating T cells revealed that Treg cell depletion resulted in robust proliferation and cytokine production by CD8+ T cells in lymph nodes, spleen and tumor tissue. Tumor regression was CD8+ T cell-dependent, as antibody-mediated depletion of these cells abrogated tumor regression in a representative model. Interestingly, studies using FTY720 to pharmacologically block T-cell egress from the lymph nodes suggest that following Treg depletion cancer immunotherapy-sensitive models may not require new T-cell infiltration into tumor for tumor regression. This is in contrast to an immunotherapy-resistant model, which failed to regress following Treg depletion when lymph node egress was concurrently blocked. These data suggest that Treg cells play a critical role in suppressing both priming of novel anti-tumor CD8+ T-cell responses as well as limiting effector functionality of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells within the tumor microenvironment.
Citation Format: Yingyun Wang, Teresita Delfino, Jill M. Schartner, Sascha Rutz. Targeted ablation of FoxP3+ T cells activates peripheral and tumor-infiltrating cytotoxic CD8+ T cells in multiple syngeneic mouse tumor models [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2018 Nov 27-30; Miami Beach, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2020;8(4 Suppl):Abstract nr B94.
Abstract IA13: LC3-associated phagocytosis in inflammation and anticancer immunity
Authors: Green Douglas R. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Two ancient processes, phagocytosis and macroautophagy, arose as mechanisms of meeting the energy demands of the cell. Both also evolved into mechanisms of host defense. We have described a process we term “LC3-associated phagocytosis” (LAP), in which signals that are generated upon engulfment of particles by phagocytic cells induce components of the autophagy machinery to associate with the phagosome, promoting its fusion to lysosomes (phagosome maturation). While engulfment of latex beads (for example) does not induce LAP, particles that engage TLR1/2, TLR2/6, TLR4, FcR, or receptors for engulfment of dying cells, cause recruitment of LC3 (ATG8) to the phagosome membrane. Like macroautophagy, this LC3 association depends on Beclin1, PI3P generation, ATG5, and ATG7, but unlike autophagy, LC3 associates with the single phagosome membrane (rather than the double membrane of autophagosomes). Further, unlike macroautophagy, LAP proceeds in the absence of elements of the autophagic preinitiation complex, ULK1, ATG13, and FIP200, and involves a novel PI3K complex. This raises an intriguing possibility: It is now well established that defects in some components of the autophagy machinery promote inflammatory disease and compromise host defense to intracellular infections. While such effects are generally interpreted as consequences of defective macroautophagy, the existence of LAP as a discrete phenomenon suggests that at least some such effects may specifically relate to LAP. I will discuss LAP and its relationship to phagosome maturation, and its roles in anticancer immunity and inflammatory disease.
Citation Format: Douglas R. Green. LC3-associated phagocytosis in inflammation and anticancer immunity [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2018 Nov 27-30; Miami Beach, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2020;8(4 Suppl):Abstract nr IA13.
Abstract IA16: Imaging a world beyond checkpoints: Classes of immune responses in cancer
Authors: Krummel Matthew F. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Checkpoint blockades have opened up the door for treatment of cancer by using modulation of immune programming. However, the fact that not everyone responds equivalently has long pointed to the existence of different immune pathologies in different individuals. Using real-time imaging as an initial method of discovery, we have explored the immunopathologies associated with over a dozen types of cancer and describe patterns or classes of responsiveness. We also describe emerging and opposing classes of immune systems that resist checkpoint blockade and for which truly orthogonal treatments will be required.
Citation Format: Matthew F. Krummel. Imaging a world beyond checkpoints: Classes of immune responses in cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2018 Nov 27-30; Miami Beach, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2020;8(4 Suppl):Abstract nr IA16.
Abstract PR16: RNA aptamers specific for tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells
Authors: De La Fuente Adriana , Caroli Jimmy , Van Simaeys Dimitri , Zilio Serena , Mazza Emilia , Bronte Vincenzo , Bicciato Silvio , Serafini Paolo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Myeloid cells have been extensively studied in the tumor microenvironment for their role in promoting cancer cell survival and metastases. However, their peculiar activated phenotype has not been exploited for the targeted delivery of anticancer agents to the tumor site. Here we report a new therapeutic strategy that allows the delivery of cancer drugs to both tumor and metastases by the preferential targeting of genetically stable tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells (TIMC). We identified 4 monoclonal RNA aptamers that specifically recognize myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and macrophages infiltrating the tumor, but not the splenic counterparts. The use of these aptamers conjugated to doxorubicin greatly enhances the accumulation of the chemotherapeutic drug in the primary and metastatic tumor sites in multiple cancer models. Compared to their individual components or current therapeutic approaches, doxorubicin-conjugated TIMC-specific aptamers show enhanced anticancer efficacy and no detectable treatment-related toxicity. This strategy has the intrinsic potential to target multiple tumor types through the same reagents.
This abstract is also being presented as Poster A35.
Citation Format: Adriana De La Fuente, Jimmy Caroli, Dimitri Van Simaeys, Serena Zilio, Emilia Mazza, Vincenzo Bronte, Silvio Bicciato, Paolo Serafini. RNA aptamers specific for tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2018 Nov 27-30; Miami Beach, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2020;8(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PR16.
The Impact of Screen-Free Zones in an Undergraduate Psychology Classroom: Assessing Exam Performance and Instructor Evaluations in Two Quasi-Experiments
Authors: Rhinehart Laura , Vazquez Salvador R. , Greenfield Patricia M. 
Published: June 2021

Background: With in-person instruction, many undergraduates look at screens during lectures. Because screens can distract, attempts to curb this behavior through screen policies are increasingly common but understudied. Objective and Method: Two quasi-experimental studies (Study 1: N = 412; Study 2: N = 179) in the same Psychology class explore results of restricting screens to one area of the classroom on exam performance and instructor/course evaluation. Results: In both studies, these policies improved exam scores in the class. In Study 2, students who chose to sit in the screen-free zone did better on exams. Limiting screen use to the back of the classroom (Study 1) produced student pushback in qualitative comments and lower evaluations in quantitative instructor and course ratings. In contrast, placing screen and screen-free zones side-by-side (Study 2) was accepted without comment by students. Conclusion: Together, these studies suggest that creating screen-free zones in classrooms can be beneficial for students, especially for those students who choose to sit in the screen-free section. Additionally, students accept side-by-side division of a classroom into screen and screen-free zones. Teaching Implications: Because these studies are ecologically valid, results have implications for how students take notes and how instructors set restrictions on screens in their classroom.
Impacts of tailored, rehabilitation nursing care on functional ability and quality of life in hospitalized elderly patients after rib fractures
Authors: Granados Santiago María , Valenza Marie Carmen , Prados Román Esther , López López Laura , Muñoz Vigueras Natalia , Cabrera Martos Irene , Cebrià i Iranzo Maria Àngels 
Published: June 2021

Objectives: We aimed to analyze the effects of a tailored rehabilitation nursing care program on functional ability and quality of life in patients with conservative treatment for rib fractures. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: Inpatient rehabilitation hospital. Subjects: Rib fracture patients treated conservatively were randomized into two groups (experimental and control group). Interventions: Patients in control group received Treatment as Usual (TAU) and patients included in experimental group received TAU and an added tailored rehabilitation nursing care program (RNT). Main measures: At baseline, and end of hospitalization treatment, the functional ability was assessed with the Barthel Index, and the quality of life was evaluated with the EuroQol-5D. Additionally, the outcomes were assessed at six-month follow-up. Results: A total of 80 patients were included in the study, whose mean age was 77.19 SD 7.71 in the RNT group and 75.55 SD 9.46 in the TAU group. Our data showed a significant difference in the post-treatment gains in overall quality of life (74.25 SD 20.62 vs 60.28 SD 20.54), and functional ability (71.79 SD 23.85 vs 69.41 SD 24.30) between the RNT group and the TAU group ( P < 0.05). Compared to the TAU group, the RNT group also showed a significant improvement in functional ability and quality of life at six-month follow-up. Conclusions: A tailored rehabilitation nursing care program added to the conservative treatment during hospitalization can improve the functional ability and quality of life of patients after rib fractures at discharge and at six-month follow-up. Trial registration: ClinicalTrial.gov Identifier: NCT04168996
30-Day Outcomes for Total Ankle Arthroplasty in Patients With Anemia
Authors: Pollock Jordan R. , Doan Matt K. , Moore M. Lane , Hassebrock Jeffrey D. , Makovicka Justin L. , Deckey David G. , Kile Todd A. , Patel Karan A. 
Published: June 2021

Background: While anemia has been associated with poor surgical outcomes in total knee arthroplasty and total hip arthroplasty, the effects of anemia on total ankle arthroplasty remain unknown. This study examines how preoperative anemia affects postoperative outcomes in total ankle arthroplasty. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed using the American College of Surgeons National Surgery Quality Improvement Project database from 2011 to 2018 for total ankle arthroplasty procedures. Hematocrit (HCT) levels were used to determine preoperative anemia. Results: Of the 1028 patients included in this study, 114 patients were found to be anemic. Univariate analysis demonstrated anemia was significantly associated with an increased average hospital length of stay (2.2 vs 1.8 days, P < .008), increased rate of 30-day readmission (3.5% vs 1.1%, P = .036), increased 30-day reoperation (2.6% vs 0.4%, P = .007), extended length of stay (64% vs 49.9%, P = .004), wound complication (1.75% vs 0.11%, P = .002), and surgical site infection (2.6% vs 0.6%, P = .017). Multivariate logistic regression analysis found anemia to be significantly associated with extended hospital length of stay (odds ratio [OR], 1.62; 95% CI, 1.07-2.45; P = .023) and increased reoperation rates (OR, 5.47; 95% CI, 1.15-26.00; P = .033). Anemia was not found to be a predictor of increased readmission rates (OR, 3.13; 95% CI, 0.93-10.56; P = .066) or postoperative complications (OR, 1.27; 95% CI, 0.35-4.56; P = .71). Conclusion: This study found increasing severity of anemia to be associated with extended hospital length of stay and increased reoperation rates. Providers and patients should be aware of the increased risks of total ankle arthroplasty with preoperative anemia. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective comparative study.
Using the capability approach in social work with unaccompanied young adult refugees
Authors: Van Raemdonck Laura , Clycq Noel , Mahieu Rilke 
Published: June 2021

Summary This study reviews two different types of frontline social services for unaccompanied young adult refugees participating in an intensive Social Support Programme implemented in 2016–2019 by a local municipality. More specifically, the study took a phenomenological research approach to review the impact of intensive case management and specialised educational/occupational orientation services on young refugees’ capabilities and agency to reach aspired life goals. The capability approach has been applied as a theoretical framework for identifying opportunities and challenges in this regard. The paper covers a mixed-method design that includes qualitative and quantitative data. The qualitative data are drawn from 42 in-depth interviews with 24 young refugees and one interview and three focus group discussions with 10 service providers. The article also includes a limited amount of longitudinal statistics on the aspirations of 31 young refugees upon entering and exiting the support programme. Findings This article shows theoretical and empirical evidence for utilising the capability approach to review social services for young refugees. Findings suggest that social workers and refugees face intersecting structural and interpersonal tensions that counteract with the expansion of young refugees’ capabilities and agency to reach their aspired life goals. Specific strategies are suggested to diminish described challenges. Applications Social work with unaccompanied young adult refugees should shift its attention from integrating these young individuals into the dominant social order, to prioritising their human development.
Exploring microRNA target genes and identifying hub genes in bladder cancer based on bioinformatic analysis
Authors: Wu Hongjian , Jiang Wubing , Ji Guanghua , Xu Rong , Zhou Gaobo , Yu Hongyuan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Bladder cancer (BC) is the second most frequent malignancy of the urinary system. The aim of this study was to identify key microRNAs (miRNAs) and hub genes associated with BC as well as analyse their targeted relationships.

Methods
According to the microRNA dataset GSE112264 and gene microarray dataset GSE52519, differentially expressed microRNAs (DEMs) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained using the R limma software package. The FunRich software database was used to predict the miRNA-targeted genes. The overlapping common genes (OCGs) between miRNA-targeted genes and DEGs were screened to construct the PPI network. Then, gene ontology (GO) analysis was performed through the “cluster Profiler” and “org.Hs.eg.db” R packages. The differential expression analysis and hierarchical clustering of these hub genes were analysed through the GEPIA and UCSC Cancer Genomics Browser databases, respectively. KEGG pathway enrichment analyses of hub genes were performed through gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA).

Results
A total of 12 DEMs and 10 hub genes were identified. Differential expression analysis of the hub genes using the GEPIA database was consistent with the results for the UCSC Cancer Genomics Browser database. The results indicated that these hub genes were oncogenes, but VCL, TPM2, and TPM1 were tumour suppressor genes. The GSEA also showed that hub genes were most enriched in those pathways that were closely associated with tumour proliferation and apoptosis.

Conclusions
In this study, we built a miRNA-mRNA regulatory targeted network, which explores an understanding of the pathogenesis of cancer development and provides key evidence for novel targeted treatments for BC.
Perspectives of tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte treatment in solid tumors
Authors: Wang Shuhang , Sun Jingwei , Chen Kun , Ma Peiwen , Lei Qi , Xing Shujun , Cao Zhongzheng , Sun Shujun , Yu Zicheng , Liu Yarong , Li Ning 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy is a type of adoptive cellular therapy by harvesting infiltrated lymphocytes from tumors, culturing and amplifying them in vitro and then infusing back to treat patients. Its diverse TCR clonality, superior tumor-homing ability, and low off-target toxicity endow TIL therapy unique advantages in treating solid tumors compared with other adoptive cellular therapies. Nevertheless, the successful application of TIL therapy currently is still limited to several types of tumors. Herein in this review, we summarize the fundamental work in the field of TIL therapy and the current landscape and advances of TIL clinical trials worldwide. Moreover, the limitations of the current TIL regimen have been discussed and the opportunities and challenges in the development of next-generation TIL are highlighted. Finally, the future directions of TIL therapy towards a broader clinical application have been proposed.
The regulation of miR-320a/XBP1 axis through LINC00963 for endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Cui Yuying , Xu Hui , Yang Yu , Zhao Dongmei , Wen Yu , Lv Chao , Qiu Hongbin , Wang Chennan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
This study incorporates fundamental research referring to considerable amounts of gene-sequencing data and bioinformatics tools to analyze the pathological mechanisms of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).

Methods
A lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA network of DLBCL was constructed through database analysis combining GTEx and TCGA. qPCR was used to detect the expression of LINC00963 and miR-320a in DLBCL cell lines. After LINC00963 or miR-320a overexpression in vitro, western blot was performed to assess the protein levels of UPR sensors (GRP78, p-IRE1, IRE1, active ATF6, ATF4 and XBP1), along with apoptosis markers (Bcl-2, Bax, caspase 3) and autophagy indicators (Beclin1, LC3II, LC3I and p62). Additionally, the expression of LC3 was analyzed through immunofluorescence (IF) assay.

Results
Following LINC00963 overexpression in vitro, SUDHL4 cell line showed a marked increase in the level of UPR-related GRP78, p-IRE1 and spliced XBP-1/XBP-1(s), apoptosis-related Bax and cleaved caspase 3, as well as autophagy-related Beclin1 and LC3II, whereas miR-320a mimic greatly diminished the effects of LINC00963 overexpression. Moreover, LINC00963 targeted miR-320a while miR-320a bound to the 3’UTR of XBP1. It was also found that LINC00963 overexpression resulted in significantly delayed tumor growth in a xenograft model of DLBCL.

Conclusion
Mechanistically, LINC00963/miR-320a regulated XBP1-apoptosis pathway
and autophagy, implying the therapeutic potential of
this pathway for selective targeting. The data presented here illustrated
the mechanism of LINC00963/miR-320a/XBP1 in DLBCL for
the first time.
Bullatacin triggers immunogenic cell death of colon cancer cells by activating endoplasmic reticulum chaperones
Authors: Fan Fangtian , Shen Peiliang , Ma Yue , Ma Wangbo , Wu Hongyan , Liu Hao , An Qing 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
It is well accepted that the immune system efficiently contributes to positive outcomes of chemotherapeutic cancer treatment by activating immunogenic cell death (ICD). However, only a limited number of ICD-inducing compounds are well characterized at present; therefore, identification of novel ICD inducers is urgently needed for cancer drug discovery, and the need is becoming increasingly urgent.

Methods
Herein, we assessed the antitumour activity of bullatacin by MTS assay and apoptosis assay. ICD biomarkers, such as calreticulin (CRT), high-mobility group protein B1 (HMGB-1), heat shock protein (HSP)70, HSP90 and ATP, were assessed by Western blotting, ELISA and flow cytometry. Western blot and qPCR assays were performed to explore the underlying mechanisms of bullatacin-induced ICD. Flow cytometry was used to detect macrophage phagocytosis.

Results
First, bullatacin induced apoptosis in both SW480 cells and HT-29 cells in a time-dependent manner at 10 nM, as assessed by flow cytometry. Moreover, Western blot and flow cytometry assays showed that CRT and HSP90 (biomarkers of early ICD) significantly accumulated on the cell membrane surface after approximately 6 h of treatment with bullatacin. In addition, ELISAs and Western blot assays showed that the second set of hallmarks required for ICD (HMGB1, HSP70 and HSP90) were released in the conditioned media of both SW480 and HT-29 cells after 36 h of treatment. Furthermore, qPCR and Western blot assays indicated that bullatacin triggered ICD via activation of the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) signalling pathway. Finally, bullatacin promoted macrophage phagocytosis.

Conclusion
This study documents that bullatacin, a novel ICD inducer, triggers immunogenic tumour cell death by activating ERS even at a relatively low concentration in vitro.
The Bourque distances for mutation trees of cancers
Authors: Jahn Katharina , Beerenwinkel Niko , Zhang Louxin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background

Mutation trees are rooted trees in which nodes are of arbitrary degree and labeled with a mutation set. These trees, also referred to as clonal trees, are used in computational oncology to represent the mutational history of tumours. Classical tree metrics such as the popular Robinson–Foulds distance are of limited use for the comparison of mutation trees. One reason is that mutation trees inferred with different methods or for different patients often contain different sets of mutation labels.

Results

We generalize the Robinson–Foulds distance into a set of distance metrics called Bourque distances for comparing mutation trees. We show the basic version of the Bourque distance for mutation trees can be computed in linear time. We also make a connection between the Robinson–Foulds distance and the nearest neighbor interchange distance.