bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occurrence but not intensity of mortality rises towards the climatic trailing edge of tree species ranges in European forests
Authors: Changenet Alexandre , Ruiz‐Benito Paloma , Ratcliffe Sophia , Fréjaville Thibaut , Archambeau Juliette , Porte Annabel J. , Zavala Miguel A. , Dahlgren Jonas , Lehtonen Aleksi , Benito Garzón Marta 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimTree mortality is increasing world‐wide, leading to changes in forest composition and altering global biodiversity. Nonetheless, owing to the multifaceted stochastic nature of tree mortality, large‐scale spatial patterns of mortality across species ranges and their underlying drivers remain difficult to understand. Our main goal was to describe the geographical patterns and drivers of the occurrence of mortality (presence of a mortality event) and the intensity of tree mortality (amount of mortality related to that mortality event) in Europe. We hypothesized that the occurrence of mortality represents background mortality and is higher in the margin than in core populations, whereas the intensity of mortality could have a more even distribution according to the spatial and temporal stochasticity of die‐off events.LocationEurope (Spain, France, Germany, Belgium, Sweden and Finland).Major taxa studiedMore than 1.5 million trees belonging to 20 major forest tree species.MethodsWe developed binomial and truncated negative binomial models to tease apart the occurrence and intensity of tree mortality in National Forest Inventory plots at the range‐wide scale. The occurrence of mortality indicated that at least one tree had died in the plot, whereas the intensity of mortality referred to the number of dead trees per plot.ResultsThe highest occurrence of mortality was found in peripheral regions and the climatic trailing edge linked with drought, whereas the intensity of mortality was driven by competition, drought and high temperatures and was scattered uniformly across species ranges.Main conclusionsWe show that tree background mortality, but not die‐off, is generally higher in the trailing‐edge populations. It remains to be explored whether other demographic traits, such as growth, reproduction and regeneration, also decrease at the trailing edge of European tree populations.
Numerical Modeling of Nitrate Removal in Anoxic Groundwater during River Flooding of Riparian Zones
Authors: Jensen Jannick Kolbjørn , Nilsson Bertel , Engesgaard Peter 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA numerical study demonstrates the effects of flooding on subsurface hydrological flowpaths and nitrate removal in anoxic groundwater in riparian zones with a top peat layer. A series of two‐dimensional numerical simulations with changing conditions for flow (steady state or transient with flooding), hydrogeology, denitrification, and duration of flooding demonstrate how flowpaths, residence times, and nitrate removal are affected. In periods with no flooding groundwater flows horizontally and discharges to the river through the riverbed. During periods with flooding, shallow groundwater is forced upwards as discharge through peat layers that often have more optimal conditions for denitrification caused by the presence of highly reactive organic matter. The contrast in hydraulic conductivity between the sand aquifer and the overlying peat layer, as well as the flooding duration, have a significant role in determining the degree of nitrate removal.
Understanding COVID‐19 misinformation and vaccine hesitancy in context: Findings from a qualitative study involving citizens in Bradford, UK
Authors: Lockyer Bridget , Islam Shahid , Rahman Aamnah , Dickerson Josie , Pickett Kate , Sheldon Trevor , Wright John , McEachan Rosemary , Sheard Laura ,   the Bradford Institute for Health Research Covid‐19 Scientific Advisory Group
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundCOVID‐19 vaccines can offer a route out of the pandemic, yet initial research suggests that many are unwilling to be vaccinated. A rise in the spread of misinformation is thought to have played a significant role in vaccine hesitancy. To maximize uptake, it is important to understand why misinformation has been able to take hold at this time and why it may pose a more significant problem within certain contexts.ObjectiveTo understand people's COVID‐19 beliefs, their interactions with (mis)information during COVID‐19 and attitudes towards a COVID‐19 vaccine.Design and ParticipantsBradford, UK, was chosen as the study site to provide evidence to local decision makers. In‐depth phone interviews were carried out with 20 people from different ethnic groups and areas of Bradford during Autumn 2020. Reflexive thematic analysis was conducted.ResultsParticipants discussed a wide range of COVID‐19 misinformation they had encountered, resulting in confusion, distress and mistrust. Vaccine hesitancy could be attributed to three prominent factors: safety concerns, negative stories and personal knowledge. The more confused, distressed and mistrusting participants felt about their social worlds during the pandemic, the less positive they were about a vaccine.ConclusionsCOVID‐19 vaccine hesitancy needs to be understood in the context of the relationship between the spread of misinformation and associated emotional reactions. Vaccine programmes should provide a focused, localized and empathetic response to counter misinformation.Patient or Public ContributionA rapid community and stakeholder engagement process was undertaken to identify COVID‐19 priority topics important to Bradford citizens and decision makers.
Development of non‐enzymatic ZnO nanocomposite‐based optical sensor for l‐lactate detection in tomato samples
Authors: Rattu Gurdeep , Murali Krishna P. 
Published: May 2021

Summaryl‐lactate is a conjugate base of α‐hydroxy acid, a key organic chemical in food processing, fermentation, biology and chemical industries. We are reporting for the first time a facile and rapid non‐enzymatic nanosensor for l‐lactate detection in tomato‐based products using 3‐aminophenylboronic acid (3‐APBA)‐added zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs). 3‐APBA‐functionalised ZnO NPs have a selective and stable SPR intensity change at pH 5.5 to 7.5 and forms a reversible ester with bound l‐lactate revealing the wavelength shift from λ = 300 nm to 288 nm in UV‐VIS absorption spectrometry. In the spiked (2.5–20 mm) samples of tomato puree, absorption peak increased as per l‐lactate addition with the lower detection limit of 3.98 mm. l‐lactate binds with a trigonal form of 3‐boronate, thereby generating the tetrahedral complex. ZnO NPs stabilise the tetragonal complex. Nanosensor validated with standard HPLC. This method is useful for l‐lactate detection and alternates to conventional techniques.
Psychometric properties of the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ) in school age children with overweight and obesity: A proposed three‐factor structure
Authors: Manzano Michael A. , Strong David R. , Kang Sim D. Eastern , Rhee Kyung E. , Boutelle Kerri N. 
Published: May 2021

SummaryBackgroundObesity in youth is a significant public health concern, with eating behaviors being a major contributor. The Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ) was developed to evaluate the appetitive characteristics of young children, across a myriad of eating domains. Despite the breadth of its use, the psychometric properties of the measure in children with overweight/obesity (OW/OB), particularly treatment seeking youth, remains largely unexplored.MethodsThe psychometric properties of the CEBQ were examined in a sample of school age children (8–12) with OW/OB. Parent–child dyads (N = 148) completed assessments prior to beginning a family weight management program. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed utilizing polychoric correlations, and emerging subscales were assessed to ensure that the range of response scores demonstrated adequate variability. Indices of the number of factors to be retained included acceleration factor (2), optimal coordinates (4), Velicer's MAP (5) and parallel analysis (11). These indices were used in combination with clinical utility to determine the final factor structure.ResultsA three‐factor structure emerged. The first factor combined many food responsiveness, enjoyment of food, satiety responsiveness and slowness in eating items, with the latter two domains loading negatively. The second factor retained the food fussiness subscale, and the third factor included items from the emotional over‐ and under‐eating subscales.ConclusionsThese results suggest that in children with OW/OB, eating behaviors may be optimally assessed using three domains: reward‐based eating, emotional eating and picky eating. Future research should explore how this structure holds in non‐treatment‐seeking samples and across wider socio‐demographic profiles.
Clinical validation of an artificial intelligence‐enabled wound imaging mobile application in diabetic foot ulcers
Authors: Chan Kai Siang , Chan Yam Meng , Tan Audrey Hui Min , Liang Shanying , Cho Yuan Teng , Hong Qiantai , Yong Enming , Chong Lester Rhan Chaen , Zhang Li , Tan Glenn Wei Leong , Chandrasekar Sadhana , Lo Zhiwen Joseph 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThere is a lifetime risk of 15% to 25% of development of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) in patients with diabetes mellitus. DFUs need to be followed up on and assessed for development of complications and/or resolution, which was traditionally performed using manual measurement. Our study aims to compare the intra‐ and inter‐rater reliability of an artificial intelligence‐enabled wound imaging mobile application (CARES4WOUNDS [C4W] system, Tetsuyu, Singapore) with traditional measurement. This is a prospective cross‐sectional study on 28 patients with DFUs from June 2020 to January 2021. The main wound parameters assessed were length and width. For traditional manual measurement, area was calculated by overlaying traced wound on graphical paper. Intra‐ and inter‐rater reliability was analysed using intra‐class correlation statistics. A value of <0.5, 0.5–0.75, 0.75–0.9, and >0.9 indicates poor, moderate, good, and excellent reliability, respectively. Seventy‐five wound episodes from 28 patients were collected and a total of 547 wound images were analysed in this study. The median wound area during the first clinic consultation and all wound episodes was 3.75 cm2 (interquartile range [IQR] 1.40–16.50) and 3.10 cm2 (IQR 0.60–14.84), respectively. There is excellent intra‐rater reliability of C4W on three different image captures of the same wound (intra‐rater reliability ranging 0.933–0.994). There is also excellent inter‐rater reliability between three C4W devices for length (0.947), width (0.923), and area (0.965). Good inter‐rater reliability for length, width, and area (range 0.825–0.934) was obtained between wound nurse measurement and each of the C4W devices. In conclusion, we obtained good inter‐rater and intra‐rater reliability of C4W measurements against traditional wound measurement. The C4W is a useful adjunct in monitoring DFU wound progress.
Is nurse‐led case management effective in improving treatment outcomes for cancer patients? A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wu Yi Lin , Padmalatha K.M. Sriyani , Yu Tsung , Lin Yi‐Hsuan , Ku Han‐Chang , Tsai Yi‐Tseng , Chang Ying‐Ju , Ko Nai‐Ying 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimsTo identify and synthesize the outcomes of nurse‐led case management interventions for improving cancer treatment.DesignSystematic review with meta‐analysis.Data sourcesPubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and CEPS were searched for articles published from inception till June 2019, and search was finalized in January 2020.Review MethodsThe review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) statement guidelines. The quality of evidence was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tools. Outcomes were analysed by using a pool of data of 95% confidence intervals (CIs), p value and fitting model based on heterogeneity of test results.ResultsEleven articles were included in the meta‐analysis. When compared with the regular care group, the nurse‐led case management group had: 1) shorter time from diagnosis to treatment by 9.07 days, 2) an improved treatment completion rates (OR = 2.45) and 3) more number of patients received hormone therapy.ConclusionThe synthesized results presented that nurse‐led case management is more effective than regular care in improving treatment timeliness, treatment completion rates and hormone therapy rates.
Edaravone alleviated propofol‐induced neural injury in developing rats by BDNF/TrkB pathway
Authors: Yang Yangliang , Yi Jing , Pan Mengzhi , Hu Baoji , Duan Hongwei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAs a variety of free radical scavenger, edaravone has shown its potential in producing antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory and neuroprotective effects in various disease models. However, the underlying mechanism behind the neuroprotective effects of edaravone remained unclear. This study is aimed at determining the effects of edaravone on neuroprotection and anti‐inflammatory through a propofol‐induced neural injury rat model. Firstly, an observation was made of apoptosis and neuroinflammation in the hippocampus of developing under the influence of propofol. It was found out that propofol could produce inflammatory effects in the hippocampus by enhancing the astrogliosis (GFAP) activation and elevating the level of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), pro‐inflammatory cytokines interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α). Meanwhile, the increase of apoptosis cells and the decrease of neurons (NeuN) were speculated to aggravate neural injury. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that edaravone intervention can reverse the neural apoptosis and inflammation. Additionally, the intraperitoneal injection of edaravone, the intraperitoneal injection of the brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)‐mimicking small compound (7,8 dihydroxyflavone) and the intracranial injection of the exogenous BDNF were all respectively effective in alleviating the propofol‐induced neural apoptosis and inflammation in the hippocampus. It was also found out that edaravone‐activated downstream signalling through tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB) receptors in astrocyte, microglia and neuron. However, the neural injury of propofol had no impact on long‐term learning and memory, except causing a short‐term neurotoxicity. In conclusion, edaravone could alleviate the propofol‐induced neural injury in developing rats through BDNF/TrkB pathway.
Lipotoxicity suppresses the synthesis of growth hormone in pituitary somatotrophs via endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Gong Ying , Yang Jianmei , Wei Shuoshuo , Yang Rui , Gao Ling , Shao Shanshan , Zhao Jiajun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLipotoxicity has been shown to cause dysfunction of many organs and tissues. However, it is unclear whether lipotoxicity is harmful to the somatotrophs, a kind of cell that synthesize growth hormone (GH) in the pituitary. In this study, we performed an epidemiological study, serum levels of triglyceride (TG) and GH showed a negative correlation, even after adjustment for potential confounders. In an animal study, male Sprague‐Dawley rats were fed a high‐fat diet (HFD) or a control diet for 28 weeks. HFD rats showed impaired GH synthesis, resulting in a decrease in circulating GH levels. The expression of pituitary Pit‐1, a key transcription factor of GH, was inhibited. We found that the inositol‐requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α) pathway of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was triggered in HFD rat pituitary glands and palmitic acid‐treated GH3 cells, respectively. On the contrary, applying 4‐phenyl butyric acid (4‐PBA) to alleviate ER stress or 4µ8c to specifically block the IRE1α pathway attenuated the impairment of both Pit‐1 and GH expression. In conclusion, we demonstrated that lipotoxicity directly inhibits the synthesis of GH, probably by reducing Pit‐1 expression. The IRE1α signaling pathway of ER stress may play an important role in this process.
Oral gliadin‐protected superoxide dismutase in addition to phototherapy for treating non‐segmental vitiligo: A 24‐week prospective randomized placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Fontas E. , Montaudié H. , Passeron T. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundDespite a solid rationale, the usefulness of antioxidants in treating vitiligo has not been clearly demonstrated. Combining superoxide dismutase (SOD) with a wheat gliadin biopolymer protects it during the passage through the gastrointestinal tract.ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of gliadin‐protected SOD (GP‐SOD), associated with narrowband ultraviolet B(NB‐UVB), for treating vitiligo.MethodsWe conducted a 24‐week monocentric interventional prospective randomized placebo‐controlled trial in the tertiary center for vitiligo care in the department of Dermatology of Nice University hospital, Nice, France.Subjects with non‐segmental vitiligo affecting more than 5% of the total body surface were included. The subjects received gliadin‐protected SOD (GP‐SOD; 1 g/day for 12 weeks followed by 0.5 g/day for 12 weeks) or placebo in combination with twice‐weekly sessions of NB‐UVB. The primary endpoint was the total repigmentation rate at 24 weeks, compared with baseline, as assessed by investigator‐assessed Vitiligo Extent Score (VES) on standardized pictures.ResultsA total of 50 patients were included. After 24 weeks, a greater improvement in VES was observed in the GP‐SOD group (19.85%; SE 4.63,P < 0.0001) compared with the placebo group (8.83%; SE 4.72,P = 0.0676). Tolerance was good in both groups. No related side‐effect was reported.ConclusionsThe use of GP‐SOD appears to be a useful add‐on to phototherapy in the treatment of vitiligo patients.
Trends in the consumption of conventional dairy milk and plant‐based beverages and their contribution to nutrient intake among Canadians
Authors: Islam Naorin , Shafiee Mojtaba , Vatanparast Hassan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundCurrent evidence suggests a shift from conventional dairy milk to plant‐based beverages (PBBs) for a number of lifestyles and perceived health‐related reasons.MethodsUsing nationally representative cross‐sectional data from the 2004 and 2015 Canadian Community Healthy Surveys, the main objectives of the present study were to (i) examine the trend in the proportion of Canadians (≥ 2 years) consuming plain milk and PBBs and (ii) determine the percentage contribution of plain milk and PBBs to daily energy and nutrient intakes.ResultsFrom 2004 to 2015, the percentage of Canadians consuming plain milk significantly decreased from 70.2% to 56.1%, whereas the percentage of PBBs consumers significantly increased from 1.8% to 3.0%. In 2015, plain milk provided almost 50% of the daily vitamin D intake, over 30% of calcium and vitamin B12, and over 20% of vitamin A and riboflavin among plain milk consumers. The top five nutrients provided by PBBs among PBBs consumers were vitamin D, calcium, vitamin B12, vitamin A and riboflavin. Although plain milk was a major contributor to saturated fat (14.5%) and protein (12.5%) intake among plain milk consumers, PBBs provided only 0.2% of saturated fat and 1.4% of protein intake in the diet of PBBs consumers.ConclusionsThe consumption of plain milk by Canadians has declined and the consumption of PBBs has increased, which may differentially affect the nutritional profile of the diet.
Neurochemical substrates linked to impulsive and compulsive phenotypes in addiction: A preclinical perspective
Authors: Jones Jolyon A. , Zuhlsdorff Katharina , Dalley Jeffrey W. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDrug compulsion manifests in some but not all individuals and implicates multifaceted processes including failures in top‐down cognitive control as drivers for the hazardous pursuit of drug use in some individuals. As a closely related construct, impulsivity encompasses rash or risky behaviour without foresight and underlies most forms of drug taking behaviour, including drug use during adverse emotional states (i.e., negative urgency). While impulsive behavioural dimensions emerge from drug‐induced brain plasticity, burgeoning evidence suggests that impulsivity also predates the emergence of compulsive drug use. Although the neural substrates underlying the apparently causal relationship between trait impulsivity and drug compulsion are poorly understood, significant advances have come from the interrogation of defined limbic cortico‐striatal circuits involved in motivated behaviour and response inhibition, together with chemical neuromodulatory influences from the ascending neurotransmitter systems. We review what is presently known about the neurochemical mediation of impulsivity, in its various forms, and ask whether commonalities exist in the neurochemistry of compulsive drug‐motivated behaviours that might explain individual risk for addiction.
image
Exercise training rescues the electrical activity of liver‐projecting DMNV neurones in response to oxytocin in spontaneously hypertensive rats
Authors: dos Santos Karoline Martins , Moraes Davi José de Almeida , da Silva Melina Pires , Antunes Vagner Roberto 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA neural circuit between the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) and the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMNV) constitutes part of an important parasympathetic autonomic pathway that controls hepatic glucose production. Intracerebroventricular injection of insulin activates oxytocinergic neurones in the PVN and elicits the release of oxytocin into the circulation, which plays an important role in the metabolism of glucose. Moreover, the central action of insulin can reduce the concentration of glucose in blood taken from the hepatic vein of Wistar rats via activation of vagal efferent nerves to the liver. This mechanism is impaired in sedentary spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Because aerobic exercise increases vagal tone, partly mediated by increasing the oxytocinergic connections between the PVN and DMNV, we hypothesised that oxytocin (OT) might alter the excitability of liver‐projecting DMNV neurones. Thus, we investigated the effects of OT on electrical properties of the liver‐projecting DMNV neurones from Wistar, SHR subjected to 4 weeks of exercise training, as well sedentary controls, using whole cell patch‐clamping. The results show that OT increased the resting membrane potential of DMNV neurones in Wistar rats, as well as the firing frequency of these cells, but not in sedentary SHR. However, in SHR subjected to 4 weeks of exercise training, the effects of OT on liver‐projecting DMNV neurones of were similar to those seen in Wistar rats. These findings show that OT elicits similar changes in the electrophysiological properties of liver‐projecting DMNV neurones of Wistar and exercise‐trained but not sedentary SHR. These results indicate that exercise training can restore the sensitivity of liver‐projecting DMNV neurones of exercise‐trained SHR to OT.
Prevalence of Hypopigmentary Disorders in Primary School Children in Zagazig City, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt
Authors: Khater Mohamed H , Abbas Reem A , Elshobaky Ola A , Khashaba Shrook A 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundEpidemiologic data derived from population‐based studies are very important to understand human diseases and their implications. Highlighting skin problems by identifying their incidence and prevalence is vital to direct suitable medical attention toward them.AimThe aim of the study was to detect the prevalence and most common causes of hypopigmentation in primary school children in Zagazig City.MethodsCross‐sectional study on 185 students selected from two schools. Data were collected by filling a questionnaire, clinical examination, and Wood's light examination to detect hypopigmented skin disorders.ResultsThe prevalence of hypopigmentation among studied population was 45.4%; the commonest cause was pityriasis alba 58.3%, followed by pityriasis versicolor 17.9%, postinflammatory hypopigmentation 10.7%, hypopigmented nevus 9.5%, and finally 3.6% vitiligo.ConclusionHypopigmented skin disorders are important and easy to diagnosis skin diseases that need medical attention.