bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High Resolution Time-to-digital Conversion Circuit for HgCdTe APD Detector at 77K
Authors: wen zhang qi , Honglei Chen , Ruijun Ding 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
HgCdTe avalanche photodiode (APD) is a frontier research on infrared focal plane technology, High-precision time stamp readout circuit is the basis of the APD focal plane at 77 K, which directly affects APD infrared focal plane performance. Time-to-digital conversion circuit (TDC) is one of the methods to achieve high-precision time stamping. Based on the analysis of MOSFET at low temperature, our design a vernier TDC circuit, which uses a synchronous counter to quantize an integer multiple of the period to achieve a coarse count of 6 bits; The on-chip PLL multiplied high-frequency clock has high-precision and high PVT characteristics, using it to quantify the part that is less than one clock cycle to achieve a fine-count of 6 bits output. The circuit adopts standard CMOS process tape out, our circuit works at a master-frequency of 120 MHz. At 77 K, the circuit test can distinguish the time resolution of 236.280 ps. The DNL is within -0.54~0.71 LSB, and INL is within -1.32~1.21 LSB.
Hydro-geochemical evaluation of groundwater for irrigation in the Ganges river basin areas of Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Md Shajedul , Mostafa Md. Golam 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Groundwater is a vital source of irrigation water, and it provides over 80% of the irrigated water supply in Bangladesh. The study aimed to assess the status of irrigation water of the Ganges river basin areas in the middle-west part of Bangladesh through the hydrogeochemical characterization and classification of groundwater. The study parameters were pH, EC, TDS, Ca2+, Mg2+, total hardness, Na+, K+, B, Cl−, HCO3 −, SO 42−, NO3 −, and PO43− along with irrigation water quality index (IWQindex), Na%, soluble sodium percentage, sodium adsorption ratio, residual sodium bicarbonate, magnesium adsorption ratio, permeability index, and Kelley’s ratio. The results showed that most of the water samples were acidic in the pre-monsoon and alkaline in the post-monsoon seasons, and the water type was Ca-HCO3. The significant geochemical process in the area determined was calcite and dolomite mineral dissolution, and there was no active cation exchange, and silicate weathering occurred. The statistical analyses showed that both the geogenic and anthropogenic sources were controlling the chemistry of the groundwater aquifers. Concerning irrigation water quality, the results revealed that all the quality parameters and IWQindex (32.04 to 45.39) were within the safety ranges, except for the EC and total hardness. The study results would be useful for future groundwater monitoring and management of the Ganges basin areas of Bangladesh part.
WITHDRAWN: Forecasting Daily Global Solar Radiation in Hot Semi-Arid Climate Using a Novel Hybrid Machine Learning Paradigm
Authors: jamei Mehdi , Ahmadianfar Iman , Jamei Mozhdeh , Karbasi Masoud , Heidari Ali Asghar , Chen Huling 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Solar energy is one of the most important renewable energy sources. Assessing the solar potential of area needs analyzed information about the dataset of the measured global solar radiation (GSR). Recently, researches detected the high potential of state-of-the-art artificial intelligence (AI) methods in estimating the GSR successfully. In this study, a novel hybrid AI-based tool consisting of least square support vector machine (LSSVM) integrated with improved simulated annealing (ISA) is proposed to predict the GSR over the Ahvaz synoptic station located in the South-West of Iran. The potential of the proposed hybrid paradigm so-called LSSVM-ISA was evaluated by using multivariate adaptive regression spline (MARS), generalization regression neural network (GRNN), and multivariate linear regression with interactions (MLRI). For precise assessment of efficiency of the AI models, various statistical metrics and validation methods were used to assess the precision of the developed models. A comparison of the obtained results indicated that the LSSVM-ISA method performed better than the MARS, GRNN, and MLRI models. The achieved RMSE values of the MARS, GRNN, and MLRI models were decreased by 9%, 16%, and 30% using the LSSVM-ISA model. Finally, the results demonstrated that the LSSVM-ISA model could be successfully employed for accurately predicting GSR.
Lamivudine-Induced Recurrent Drug Eruption in HIV: A Curious Case of Its Treatment
Authors: Wang Hong , Li Hongbo , Sui Jian'e , Zhao Juan , Ma Saisai , Chen Peng , Xu Guangyong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Drug eruption may occur when HIV patients receive antiviral treatment. However, Lamivudine-induced repeated drug eruption has rarely been reported among the antiretrovirals.Case presentation: We report a rare case of repeated drug eruption caused by Lamivudine. The treatment history of this patient was interesting. Patients developed repeated drug eruption regardless of treatment TDF+3TC+EFV or TDF+3TC+LPV/r. The viral load of the patient in 2016 and 2017 was 58 copies/ml and < 50 copies/ml respectively by TDF+LPV/r with no drug eruption, but antiviral failure was found in 2018. This patient was successfully treated with TDF+LPV/r+DTG in 2019 and 2020.Conclusions: Through repeated drug eruption of the patient, we found that the allergenic drug is Lamivudine. The viral load of the patient can be effectively controlled by TDF+LPV/r+DTG.
Enlightening the Taxonomy Darkness of Human Gut Microbiomes With a Cultured Biobank
Authors: Liu Chang , Du Mengxuan , Abuduaini Rexiding , Yu Hai-Ying , Li Dan-Hua , Wang Yu-Jing , Zhou Nan , Jiang Min-Zhi , Niu Peng-Xia , Han Shan-Shan , Chen Hong-He , Shi Wen-Yu , Wu Linhuan , Xin Yu-Hua , Ma Juncai , Zhou Yuguang , Jiang Cheng-Ying , Liu Hong-wei , Liu Shuang-Jiang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe cultivated gut microbial resource plays essential roles in gut microbiome studies such as unraveling gut microbial functions and host-microbe interactions. Though several major studies have been performed to understand the cultured human gut microbiota, up to 70% of the Unified Human Gastrointestinal Genome species remain uncultivated. Large-scale gut microbial isolation and identification and their access to public are imperative for gut microbial studies and further understanding of the human gut microbial functions.ResultsHere, we report the construction of a human Gut Microbial Biobank (hGMB) (homepage: hgmb.nmdc.cn) by cultivation of 10,558 isolates from 239 feces samples of healthy Chinese volunteers, and deposited 1,170 strains representing 400 different species in culture collections of International Depository Authority for long-term preservation and public access worldwide. The hGMB enriched the existing cultivable gut microbial repository and represented over 80% of the common and dominant human gut microbial genera and species of global human gut 16S rRNA gene amplicon data (n=11,647).Moreover, 102 new species were characterized and denominated and 28 new genera and 3 new families were proposed, following the rules of International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes. The hGMB uncovered 24 “most-wanted” and “medium priority” taxa proposed by the Human Microbiome Project, while the novel-taxon genomes represented 22 previously-uncultured species in Unified Human Gastrointestinal Genome (UHGG) and contributed 24 potentially “dark-taxon” representatives that were not discovered by UHGG. The 115 newly-sequenced hGMB genomes covered over 50% of the known genes (KEGG Orthologs) in the global human gut gene catalogs and over 10% of the “most-wanted” functionally unknown proteins in FUnkFams database.ConclusionsA publicly accessible human Gut Microbial Biobank (hGMB) is established and contains 1,170 strains and represents 400 human gut microbial species. The hGMB expands gut microbial resources and genomic repository by adding 102 novel species, 28 new genera and 3 new families, and 115 new genomes of human gut microbes.
Two New Species of Russula Subsect. Virescentinae From Southern China
Authors: Chen Bin , Song Jie , Liang Jun Feng , Li Yang Kun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Two new species from southern China, Russula subpunicea and R. albolutea, were described and illustrated. Russula subpunicea is characterized by a pinkish to dark pink pileus with striations at the margin, white lamellae without lamellulae, subglobose to broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid basidiospores with warts and spines sometimes joined to form a reticulum, hymenial cystidia that are mainly clavate, a suprapellis mainly composed of chains of short inflated cells with attenuated terminal cells and pileocystidia that are mainly clavate and turn reddish in sulfovanillin. Russula albolutea is recognized by a yellowish white pileus with long striations at the margin, a white stipe with a yellowish tinge, subglobose to broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid basidiospores, hymenial cystidia that are mainly clavate and apically often obtuse and turn mauve in sulfovanillin, and a suprapellis mainly consisting of chains of short inflated cells with attenuated terminal cells. In this study, we performed phylogenetic analysis based on the ITS-nrLSU-RPB2-mtSSU dataset. By combining detailed morphological features with multigene phylogenetic evidence, we assigned the new taxa to Russula subsect. Virescentinae.
State-Level Partisanship Strongly Correlates With Health Outcomes for Us Children
Authors: Paul Megan , Zhang Ruya , Liu Bian , Saadai Payam , Coakley Brian A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Introduction:The Cook Partisan Voting Index (PVI) determines how strongly a state leans toward the Democratic or Republican Party in presidential elections compared to the nation. We set out to determine the correlation between childhood health outcomes and state-level partisanship using PVI.Materials and Methods:16 measures of childhood health were obtained from the CDC, U.S. Census Bureau, and U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics for 2012-2016. PVI was averaged for every state for the same time period. Pearson's rho determined the correlation between PVI and each health outcome, using a Bonferroni adjustment of 0.003. Multiple regression was also conducted, adjusting for children without health insurance, primary care physicians, childhood poverty, and % non-white. We also compared childhood health in moderately Democratic and Republican states (5%-9.9% more Democratic/Republican than the national mean) and, similarly, for extremely Democratic and Republican states (10% or more Democratic/Republican than the national mean), using Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results:Democratic-leaning states had better outcomes for 7 of 16 health measures (all p<0.003, table 1). In the adjusted model, Democratic-leaning states had better outcomes for 9 of the 16 variables (all p<0.003, table 1). Among moderately-partisan states, no outcomes were statistically better in one group of states but extremely-Democratic states had superior outcomes for 5 variables (all p<0.003, table 2). No health outcomes were found to be significantly better in Republican-leaning states.Conclusions:Multiple childhood health measures were statistically better in Democratic-leaning states compared to Republican counterparts. Future research should identify which state-level policies have led to such disparate health outcomes.
Structural, Electrical and Ferroelectric Properties of Lead-free Bi(Fe0.85dy0.15)o3 Electroceramic Compound
Authors: Thansanga L. , Shukla Alok , Kumar Nitin , Choudhary R.N.P. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper mainly reports detailed studies of structural, dielectric, impedance and ferroelectric properties of Bi(Fe0.85Dy0.15)O3­ (termed as BFDO15), fabricated via solid state reaction (SSR) method. Analysis of X-ray diffraction (XRD) data confirm the crystal symmetry changes from rhombohedral to orthorhombic symmetry. The scanning electron micrograph collected through field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) shows a regular distribution of grains over the sample surface. The elemental composition of the sample was examined by using energy dispersive X-ray micro-analysis (EDXMA) and this confirms the existence of constituent elements of the sample. The electrical measurement was carried out using a computer-controlled phase sensitive multimeter (PSM) in a frequency range of 1 kHz - 1000 kHz and temperature range of 25 ºC – 500 ºC. Study of dielectric properties shows high dielectric permittivity and small value of dielectric loss in the sample. The frequency dependent impedance and electrical modulus analysis reveals the presence of a semiconducting nature and non-Debye type relaxation process. Analysis of ac-conductivity with respect to frequency obeys the universal Jonscher’s power law. The electric polarization study shows enhancement in ferroelectric property of the material. Hence, based on the significant enhancement found in the structural, electrical and ferroelectric properties of BFDO15 material, it could be a promising candidate for modern device applications.
Single-Port Endoscopic Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy Combined with Indocyanine Green and Carbon Nanoparticles in Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Wang Zi-Han , Gang Tian-Ran , Wu Shan-Shan , Lu Can , Xuan-Gao Guo , Xu Wei , Ding Guo-Qian , Qu Xiang , Zhang Zhong-Tao 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
PurposeIndocyanine green (ICG) is an efficient tracer method used in sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB). The application of single-port endoscopic-assisted technology in the field of breast cancer is widely accepted. In order to explore the surgical safety of single-port endoscopic-SLNB (SPE-SLNB) and the reliability of axillary staging, we combined it with ICG that was excited by near-infrared fluorescence endoscopy and carbon nanoparticles (CN) as a tracer and compared this method to conventional open SLNB (C-SLNB).MethodsSixty patients with early breast cancer were recruited and divided into three groups. Twenty patients who underwent SPE-SLNB combined with ICG and CNs were placed in group A. Twenty patients who underwent SPE-SLNB with CNs only were placed in group B. Twenty patients who underwent C-SLNB with ICG and CNs were placed in group C.ResultsThe detection rate of SLNs was 100% in group A, 100% in group B, and 95% in group C. In total, 97 SLNs were detected in group A, 65 SLNs were detected in group B, and 98 SLNs were detected in group C . ConclusionThe novel technique of combining ICG and CNs with SPE-SLNB and the utilization of the endoscopic fluorescence imaging system achieved the same detection rate and mean number of SLNs as C-SLNB. Therefore, for patients who meet the indications, SPE-SLNB is as safe and reliable as C-SLNB.
The Use of Robinia Pseudoacania L Fruit Extract as a Natural Corrosion Inhibitor in the Protection of Historical Bronze Objects
Authors: Pourzarghan Vahid , Fazeli-Nasab Bahman 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: The phenomenon of bronze disease is considered as the most important factor in the destruction of bronze objects. Different methods have been proposed to deal with it. The most important inhibitors used in this regard are BTA and AMT. While these inhibitors control the corrosion, they are toxic and cancerous. In ideal conditions, these inhibitors are able to slow down the activity of chlorine ion, but leave some side effects after a period of treatment. Today, plant extracts are used for this purpose. In this study, Robinia pseudoacania L extract was selected for this purpose.Material and methods: The acacia fruit extract (200ppm to 1800 ppm) was used to the prevention of corrosion inhibition of bronze alloy in corrosive sodium chloride solution 0.5 M. The Bronze alloy used in this research, was made based on the same percentage as the ancient alloys (Cu-10Sn). This alloy was used for the effect of corrosion inhibitors in the potentiostat device, the weight loss method. The experiment was conducted in split plot desgin in time based on the randomized complete design in four replications.Results: Mean comparison showed that the highest rate of corrosion inhibition (93.5%) was obtained at a concentration of 1800 ppm and with increasing the concentration of the extract, corrosion inhibition also increased. EDX analysis of the control sample matrix showed that the amount of chlorine, which is the most important factor in the destruction of bronze disease, was 8.47%wt while in the presence of corrosive sodium chloride solution, after 4 weeks, the amount of chlorine detected was 3.20%wt. According to the morphology (needle and rhombus) of these corrosion products based on the SEM image, it can be said that they are of the type of atacamite and paratacamite that have caused bronze disease in historical bronze works. At higher concentrations of acacia extract, the presence and growth of fungi has been observed, which can cause poor performance of acacia extract in the long run.Conclusion: the natural inhibitor of acacia fruit aqueous extract can play an effective role in inhibiting corrosion of bronze, but at higher concentrations, it became fungal, which can reduce the role of acacia fruit aqueous extract and even ineffective. Because natural inhibitors can play an effective role in preventing the corrosion of bronze works. But to get better performance of these inhibitors, more tests need to be done to improve and optimize.
Progranulin Deficiency in Iba-1+ Myeloid Cells Exacerbates Choroidal Neovascularization by Perturbation of Lysosomal Function and Abnormal Inflammation
Authors: Takahashi Kei , Nakamura Shinsuke , Otsu Wataru , Shimazawa Masamitsu , Hara Hideaki 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BackgroundAge-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the principal cause of permanent blindness among elderly individuals worldwide. Chronic inflammation in the subretinal space is associated with a progression of exudative AMD. Progranulin (PGRN) is a growth factor secreted from myeloid cells and plays an important role in controlling the lysosomal function. A deficiency of PGRN leads to inflammation of the neurons in the central nervous system. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role played by PGRN in the size of the choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in laser-induced CNV mice.MethodsCNVs were induced in C57BL/6J mice by laser photocoagulation of the retina. The expression of PGRN and the accumulation of Iba-1+ cells around the sites of the CNVs were determined. Grn−/−, Grn+/-, and Grn+/+ mice with laser-induced CNVs were also studied. To evaluate the effect of macrophages on the inflammation, we used a macrophage cell line (RAW264.7) in which the expression of PGRN was knocked down by RNA interference. These cells were incubated under hypoxic conditions (1% O2) for 12 hours.ResultsIba-1+ myeloid cells migrated and accumulated in the photocoagulation-induced CNV areas, and the CNV lesions secreted high levels of PGRN in Grn+/+ mice. The size of the CNVs was larger in Grn-/- mice than in Grn+/- and Grn+/+ mice. In Grn-/- mice, the number of ocular-infiltrating Iba-1+ cells around the CNV was higher, and these cells produced more VEGF-A than the cells in the Grn+/+ mice. PGRN-silencing of RAW264.7 cells led to an abnormal activation of the cells. In addition, hypoxic conditions promoted the production of pro-angiogenic and pro-inflammatory cytokines from PGRN-silenced macrophages. Interestingly, the expression level of lysosome-associated proteins and the number of activated lysosomes increased in siGrn-treated macrophages. ConclusionsThese findings indicate that PGRN deficiency in Iba-1+ cells activates the lysosomal function that then leads to abnormal inflammation. The aberrant activation of PGRN deficient Iba-1+ myeloid cells might promote the progression of the CNV.
A Network Pharmacology Study on the Qiju Dihuang Pills for Treatment of Dry Eye Disease
Authors: Song Qiuyi , Yang Jiawei , Zhang Mingxu , Zhu Siquan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BackgroundDry eye disease(DED) is a multifactorial disease of the tears and ocular surface that results in symptoms of discomfort, visual disturbance, and tear film instability with potential damage to the ocular surface. DED has a higher incidence in old age and is seen predominantly in females worldwide. Treatments that replenish deficient tears include artificial tears, gels and ointments in mild to moderate disease. Qiju Dihuang Pills is a typical herb decoction applied to the treatment of ocular disease. This study is to identify potentially active compounds and the underlying mechanisms of Qiju Dihuang Pills in the treatment of DED.MethodCompounds in Qiju Dihuang Pills were collected from Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology database and analysis platform (TCMSP) online databases and then screened by bioavailability and drug likeness parameters. Related targets of DED obtained from GeneCards database, thereby obtaining the targets of Qiju Dihuang Pills against DED. DED-related genes were conducted for Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks of the genes were constructed using Cytoscape software.ResultIn total, 121compounds from Qiju Dihuang Pills were screened out with 219 putative target genes. Hence, 219 potential target genes of Qiju Dihuang Pills were selected for further study. After overlap analysis of the 219 genes of Qiju Dihuang Pills and 3533 DED-associated genes, we finally achieved 162 Qiju Dihuang Pills-DED target genes. Network analysis indicated that main targets of main active components of Qiju Dihuang Pills were target genes such as Proline-rich AKT1 substrate 1 (AKT1), interleukin 6(IL-6), Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3(MAPK3), Vascular endothelial growth factor A(VEGFA), and Caspase-3(CASP3), which are involved in the regulation of cancer pathway, Tumor necrosis factor(TNF) signal pathway, hepatitis B pathway, The interleukin 17(IL-17) signaling pathway and so forth. ConclusionOur data provide deep understanding of the pharmacological mechanisms of Qiju Dihuang Pills in attenuating dry eye syndrome. The discovery shed new light on the development of active compounds of Qiju Dihuang Pills for the treatment of DED. Qiju Dihuang Pills alleviated dry eye disease through multi-component, and multi-pathway.