bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Prediction of Microsatellite Instability in Colorectal Cancer With Preoperative PET/CT-Based Radiomics
Authors: Li Jiaru , Yang Ziyi , Xin Bowen , Hao Yichao , Wang Lisheng , Song Shaoli , Xu Junyan , Wang Xiuying 
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesMicrosatellite instability (MSI) status is an important hallmark for prognosis prediction and treatment recommendation of colorectal cancer (CRC). To address issues due to the invasiveness of clinical preoperative evaluation of microsatellite status, we investigated the value of preoperative 18F-FDG PET/CT radiomics with machine learning for predicting the microsatellite status of colorectal cancer patients.MethodsA total of 173 patients that underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT scans before operations were retrospectively analyzed in this study. The microsatellite status for each patient was identified as microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) or microsatellite stable (MSS), according to the test for mismatch repair gene proteins with immunohistochemical staining methods. There were 2,492 radiomic features in total extracted from 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging. Then, radiomic features were selected through multivariate random forest selection and univariate relevancy tests after handling the imbalanced dataset through the random under-sampling method. Based on the selected features, we constructed a BalancedBagging model based on Adaboost classifiers to identify the MSI status in patients with CRC. The model performance was evaluated by the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy on the validation dataset.ResultsThe ensemble model was constructed based on two radiomic features and achieved an 82.8% AUC for predicting the MSI status of colorectal cancer patients. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 83.3, 76.3, and 76.8%, respectively. The significant correlation of the selected two radiomic features with multiple effective clinical features was identified (p &lt; 0.05).Conclusion18F-FDG PET/CT radiomics analysis with the machine learning model provided a quantitative, efficient, and non-invasive mechanism for identifying the microsatellite status of colorectal cancer patients, which optimized the treatment decision support.
The Landscape of Genetic Alterations Stratified Prognosis in Oriental Pancreatic Cancer Patients
Authors: Guo Shiwei , Shi Xiaohan , Gao Suizhi , Hou Qunxing , Jiang Lisha , Li Bo , Shen Jing , Wang Huan , Shen Shuo , Zhang GuoXiao , Pan Yaqi , Liu Wuchao , Xu Xiongfei , Zheng Kailian , Shao Zhuo , Jing Wei , Lin Ling , Li Gang , Jin Gang 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundPancreatic cancer is a life-threatening malignant disease with significant diversity among geographic regions and races leading to distinct carcinogenesis and prognosis. Previous studies mainly focused on Western patients, while the genomic landscape of Oriental patients, especially Chinese, remained less investigated.MethodsA total of 408 pancreatic cancer patients were enrolled. A panel containing 436 cancer-related genes was used to detect genetic alterations in tumor samples.ResultsWe profiled the genomic alteration landscape of pancreatic duct adenocarcinoma (PDAC), intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN), periampullary carcinoma (PVC), and solid-pseudopapillary tumor (SPT). Comparison with a public database revealed specific gene mutations in Oriental PDAC patients including higher mutation rates of DNA damage repair-related genes. Analysis of mutational signatures showed potential heterogenous carcinogenic factors caused by diabetes mellitus. KRAS mutation, especially KRAS G12D mutation, was associated with poor survival, while patients not harboring the 17 significant copy number variations (CNVs) had a better prognosis. We further identified multiple correlations between clinicopathologic variables and genetic mutations, as well as CNVs. Finally, by network-based stratification, three classes of PDAC patients were robustly clustered. Among these, class 1 (characterized by the Fanconi anemia pathway) achieved the best outcome, while class 2 (involved in the platinum drug resistance pathway) suffered from the worst prognosis.ConclusionsIn this study, we reported for the first time the genetic alteration landscape of Oriental PDAC patients identifying many Oriental-specific alterations. The relationship between genetic alterations and clinicopathological factors as well as prognosis demonstrated important genomic impact on tumor biology. This study will help to optimize clinical treatment of Oriental PDAC patients and improve their survival.
The Depolarization-Evoked, Ca2+-Dependent Release of Exosomes From Mouse Cortical Nerve Endings: New Insights Into Synaptic Transmission
Authors: Olivero Guendalina , Cisani Francesca , Marimpietri Danilo , Di Paolo Daniela , Gagliani Maria Cristina , Podestà Marina , Cortese Katia , Pittaluga Anna 
Published: July 2021

Whether exosomes can be actively released from presynaptic nerve terminals is a matter of debate. To address the point, mouse cortical synaptosomes were incubated under basal and depolarizing (25 mM KCl-enriched medium) conditions, and extracellular vesicles were isolated from the synaptosomal supernatants to be characterized by dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, Western blot, and flow cytometry analyses. The structural and biochemical analysis unveiled that supernatants contain vesicles that have the size and the shape of exosomes, which were immunopositive for the exosomal markers TSG101, flotillin-1, CD63, and CD9. The marker content increased upon the exposure of nerve terminals to the high-KCl stimulus, consistent with an active release of the exosomes from the depolarized synaptosomes. High KCl-induced depolarization elicits the Ca2+-dependent exocytosis of glutamate. Interestingly, the depolarization-evoked release of exosomes from cortical synaptosomes also occurred in a Ca2+-dependent fashion, since the TSG101, CD63, and CD9 contents in the exosomal fraction isolated from supernatants of depolarized synaptosomes were significantly reduced when omitting external Ca2+ ions. Differently, (±)-baclofen (10 µM), which significantly reduced the glutamate exocytosis, did not affect the amount of exosomal markers, suggesting that the GABAB-mediated mechanism does not control the exosome release. Our findings suggest that the exposure of synaptosomes to a depolarizing stimulus elicits a presynaptic release of exosomes that occurs in a Ca2+-dependent fashion. The insensitivity to the presynaptic GABAB receptors, however, leaves open the question on whether the release of exosomes could be a druggable target for new therapeutic intervention for the cure of synaptopathies.
Colony-Stimulating Factors on Mobilizing CD34+ Cells and Improving Neurological Functions in Patients With Stroke: A Meta-Analysis and a Systematic Review
Authors: Chen Xiuqi , Sun Wenbo , Zhong Ping , Wu Danhong 
Published: July 2021

Background and Purpose: CSF therapy is considered a promising therapeutic approach for stroke. We performed a meta-analysis to explore the safety and efficacy of CSF in published clinical stroke studies.Methods: We searched articles online and manually. Two reviewers selected studies independently, selecting data based on study quality, characteristics of intervention (administration time, observation time, type, dose, and injection approach of CSF), and the baseline characteristics of patients (age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, smoker, and lipids) were extracted. Main prognosis outcomes were measured as all-cause death in severe adverse events (SAE) and recurrent stroke in SAE. Secondary outcomes were measured as CD34+ cell counts in periphery blood at day 5, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), and Barthel index (BI), Side effects of CSF were taken as the indicator of safety. STATA13 software was used to perform the meta-analysis.Keywords: Stroke, Colony-stimulating factor, Meta-analysis, therapy, Neurological DiseasesResults: This meta-analysis involved 485 patients from eight studies. Among them, 475 patients from seven studies were gauged SAE (all-cause death), 393 patients from six studies were checked SAE (recurrent stroke); 137 patients from three studies underwent CD34+ measurement, 389 patients from six studies were tested NIHSS and 307 patients from five studies accessed BI. Compared with the control group, both all-causes death (RR= 1.73, 95%CI= (0.61, 4.92), P=0.735, I2=0.0%) and recurrent stroke (RR= 0.43, 95%CI= (0.14, 1.32), P=0.214, I2=33.1%) present no statistical differences, indicating that the application of CSF does not statistically alter the prognosis of patients with stroke. The application of CSF effectively enhanced CD34+ cell counts in periphery blood at day 5 (SMD= 1.23, 95%CI= (0.54, 1.92), P=0.04, I2=69.0%) but did not statistically impact NIHSS (SMD= −0.40, 95%CI= (−0.93, 0.13), P ≤ 0.001, I2=79.7%) or BI (SMD= 0.04, 95%CI= (−0.38, 0.46), P=0.068, I2=54.3%).Conclusion: Our study consolidates the security of CSF administration for its exerting no effect on detrimental outcomes. It has proven to be effective in elevating CD34+ cell counts in periphery blood at day 5, indicating CSF may participate in stroke recovery, but its efficacy in stroke recovery remains detected.
Serum Adropin as a Potential Biomarker for Predicting the Development of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Individuals With Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Li Na , Xie Guomin , Zhou Biao , Qu Aijuan , Meng Hua , Liu Jia , Wang Guang 
Published: July 2021

Background: Adropin, a peptide translated from the Energy Homeostasis Associated gene (ENHO), was mainly expressed in the liver and was a regulator in metabolic and energy homeostasis. This study aims to investigate the correlation between adropin and histological characteristics of the liver, and the clinical relevance of adropin in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD).Methods: A total of 62 subjects, including 32 healthy controls and 30 MAFLD patients, were enrolled in this case-control study. The MAFLD patients were further divided into two subgroups, including NGT-M group and T2DM-M group. Serum adropin levels, metabolic parameters and intrahepatic lipids, the liver ENHO mRNA expressions and histological characteristics were investigated.Results: MAFLD patients showed significantly lower circulating adropin compared with healthy controls (2.02 ± 2.92 vs. 5.52 ± 0.65 ng/mL, P &lt; 0.0001). Subgroup analysis exhibited dramatically declined serum adropin levels in T2DM-M patients compared with NGT-M group (0.51 ± 0.73 vs. 4.00 ± 3.52 ng/mL, P &lt; 0.001). H&amp;E and Oil Red O staining show exacerbated steatohepatitis in T2DM-M patients in contrast with NGT-M group. Furthermore, serum adropin concentrations were negatively correlated with intrahepatic triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and NAFLD activity score (NAS) (TG: r = −0.495; TC: r = −0.392; NAS: r = −0.451; all P &lt; 0.05).Conclusions: MAFLD patients showed significantly lower adropin levels than the healthy controls, especially in T2DM patients. Adropin maybe a potential biomarker for predicting the development of MAFLD, especially in T2DM individuals.
Assessment of Global Health Education: The Role of Multiple-Choice Questions
Authors: Douthit Nathan T. , Norcini John , Mazuz Keren , Alkan Michael , Feuerstein Marie-Therese , Clarfield A. Mark , Dwolatzky Tzvi , Solomonov Evgeny , Waksman Igor , Biswas Seema 
Published: July 2021

Introduction: The standardization of global health education and assessment remains a significant issue among global health educators. This paper explores the role of multiple choice questions (MCQs) in global health education: whether MCQs are appropriate in written assessment of what may be perceived to be a broad curriculum packed with fewer facts than biomedical science curricula; what form the MCQs might take; what we want to test; how to select the most appropriate question format; the challenge of quality item-writing; and, which aspects of the curriculum MCQs may be used to assess.Materials and Methods: The Medical School for International Health (MSIH) global health curriculum was blue-printed by content experts and course teachers. A 30-question, 1-h examination was produced after exhaustive item writing and revision by teachers of the course. Reliability, difficulty index and discrimination were calculated and examination results were analyzed using SPSS software.Results: Twenty-nine students sat the 1-h examination. All students passed (scores above 67% - in accordance with University criteria). Twenty-three (77%) questions were found to be easy, 4 (14%) of moderate difficulty, and 3 (9%) difficult (using examinations department difficulty index calculations). Eight questions (27%) were considered discriminatory and 20 (67%) were non-discriminatory according to examinations department calculations and criteria. The reliability score was 0.27.Discussion: Our experience shows that there may be a role for single-best-option (SBO) MCQ assessment in global health education. MCQs may be written that cover the majority of the curriculum. Aspects of the curriculum may be better addressed by non-SBO format MCQs. MCQ assessment might usefully complement other forms of assessment that assess skills, attitude and behavior. Preparation of effective MCQs is an exhaustive process, but high quality MCQs in global health may serve as an important driver of learning.
Predicting Pharmacist Intention to Contribute to COVID-19 Management at the Community Level: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study
Authors: Li Junlei , Hu Hao , Liu Wei , Lei Chi Ieong , Ung Carolina Oi Lam 
Published: July 2021

Introduction: The role of pharmacists in public health management is expected to grow into a key player in the continuing measures of managing the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in the community setting. However, their intention to provide essential public health services for combating the pandemic and the impact of their attitude and beliefs are largely unknown. This study aimed to investigate the intention-to-practice COVID-19-related responsibilities of pharmacists based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB), identify the key factors predicting their intention, and explore the usefulness of the TPB model in predicting such an intention.Methods: A cross-sectional, self-administered questionnaire was completed by pharmacists in Macao between May and August 2020. Quantitative responses regarding intention-to-practice COVID-19-related duties, and the four TPB variables [attitude (A), subjective norms (SN), perceived behavioral control (PBC), and past behavior (PB)] were measured. Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability were used to determine the reliability and validity of the tool. In addition to descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation was used to determine the strengths of the association, and multiple linear regression was used to predict the association between the intention and the four key variables.Results: More than half of the pharmacists practicing in Macao completed the questionnaire (296/520) giving a response rate of 56.9%. Among them, 75% were 26–40 years old and 56% were female. The majority of the participants (91.9%) demonstrated a positive intention to contribute to the COVID-19 infection management (mean = 4.19 ± 0.51). The mean scores for A, SN, PBC, and PB were 4.06 ± 0.52, 3.71 ± 0.58, 3.76 ± 0.65, and 4.03 ± 0.54, respectively. A (β = 0.671), SN (β = 0.608), PBC (β = 0.563), and PB (β = 0.829) were all positively correlated with intention (all P &lt; 0.001). It was found that 72.5% of the variance in the intention-to-practice COVID-19-related duties could be explained by the TPB model using the four key variables with A and PB being two possible predictors.Conclusion: Pharmacists showed favorable A, SN, PBC, and intention in participating in COVID-19 management in the community setting. Specific training, enhanced stakeholder communication, and improved pharmacy management are essential to increase the willingness of pharmacists to take part in the COVID-19 pandemic and other public health emergencies alike in the future.
SIYASAH AD-DA'WAH WA TANFIDZIIHAA FII ÁSRI AN-NABII
Authors: Ahmas Kholilullah 
Published: July 2021

: أصبحت الدعوة إلى الخير والأمر بالمعروف والنهي عن المنكر من وظائف كل من يدعى نفسه مسلما . وذلك لأن الإسلام دين رسالة يكلف من اتبعه بأن يبذل كل طاقته إلى إرشاد الناس إلى الخير وهديهم إلى دين الإسلام الحنيف. وقد انتشر الإسلام إلى أنحاء البلاد في هذا العالم بفضل ألسنة الدعاة والمبلغين الذين كانوا لا يبالون بالتعب ولا الملل طوال حياتهم في أداء هذه الوظيفة , لأنهم كانوا يعتقدون تمام الاعتقاد أن ثواب هذه المهنة كبير من عند الله و أجره كأجر المجاهد في سبيل الله , فإن كان يموت في سبيل هذه الدعوة , فإنه يموت شهيدا , وجزاؤه دخول الجنة بغير حساب.
Ajakan kepada kebaikan dan amar ma'ruf serta nahi munkar sudah menjadi kewajiban setiap orang yang menyebut dirinya seorang muslim. Hal ini karena Islam adalah agama amanat yang mengamanatkan orang-orang yang mengikutinya untuk mengerahkan seluruh tenaganya untuk membimbing manusia kepada kebaikan dan membimbing mereka kepada agama Islam yang benar. Islam telah menyebar ke seluruh pelosok tanah air di dunia ini berkat lidah para dai dan informan yang acuh tak acuh terhadap kepenatan atau kejenuhan sepanjang hidup mereka dalam menjalankan pekerjaan ini, karena mereka percaya sepenuhnya dengan keyakinan bahwa pahala untuk profesi ini sangat besar. dari Allah dan pahalanya seperti pahala mujahid di jalan Allah. Dia mati karena panggilan ini, karena dia mati syahid, dan pahalanya adalah masuk surga tanpa dihisab.
ISLAM RAHMATAN LIL ALAMIN FROM SOCIAL AND CULTURAL PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Arif Muhammad Khairan 
Published: July 2021

Rahmatan Lil Alamin's Islamic is a general purpose of Islam (Maqashid Am Li Syariah). All the teachings of Islam boil down to Maslahat, compassion and peace of the world, beings and all human beings. The purpose of this study is to uncover the characteristics and main objectives of Islamic teachings that rahmatan lil alamin in the social and cultural life of modern humans. The method used in this study is the Method of Literature Study and analysis of scientific references related to Islam rahmatan lil alamin in social and cultural perspectives. the result of this kajia is that the implementation of Rahmatan Lil alamin values in social life can be seen in the educational life of schools, communities, places of worship and workplaces and mass media. The implementation of Rahmatan Lilalamin values in budya life, can be seen from the Development of Science, Language, Ideology and Customs.
INDUWNISIYA’ QOBLAL ISLAM
Authors: Hamid Abdul 
Published: July 2021

كان الأرخبيل الإندونيسي منطقة تجارية هامة منذ القرون الميلادية الأولى، وازدهرت الممالك الهندوسية والبوذية. وقد كان تاريخ إندونيسيا مضطربا بسبب التحديات التي تفرضها الكوارث الطبيعية والفساد والحركات الانفصالية وعملية التحول الديمقراطي وفترات من التغير الاقتصادي السريع. النظام الحالي لجمهورية إندونيسيا هو نظام وحدي رئاسي وتتكون من ثلاثة وثلاثين مقاطعة. وشعار إندونيسيا الوطني هو (BHINEKA TUNGGAL IKA). وفي هذه المقالة سيتكلم الكاتب عن اصل تسميته، ومناخه، وتاريخه، وسياسته.
Kepulauan Indonesia telah menjadi daerah perdagangan penting sejak abad awal Masehi, dan kerajaan Hindu dan Budha berkembang. Sejarah Indonesia bergolak karena tantangan yang ditimbulkan oleh bencana alam, korupsi, gerakan separatis, proses demokratisasi, dan periode perubahan ekonomi yang cepat. Sistem Republik Indonesia saat ini adalah sistem presidensial kesatuan dan terdiri dari tiga puluh tiga provinsi. Semboyan nasional Indonesia adalah (BHINEKA TUNGGAL IKA). Dalam artikel ini, penulis akan berbicara tentang asal usul namanya, iklimnya, sejarahnya, dan politiknya.
INTERPRETATION APPROACH IN THE DYNAMICS OF SHARIA BANKING
Authors: Majid Zamakhsyari Abdul 
Published: July 2021

Indonesia is a country with the largest Muslim population in the world with a Muslim population of around 204 million. This large Muslim population represents a great potential for the development of Islamic banking. This Islamic banking began to get the government's attention with the issuance of a law that supports Islamic banking. With various policies and decisions from a period of approximately 36 years (1974-2008), starting with the holding of a national seminar on relations between Indonesia and the Middle East which contained the idea of ​​realizing the Islamic Banking Law. This article is a qualitative study. The existence of Islamic-based Rural Banks encourages the establishment of interest-free commercial banks. With various developments that continue to be carried out by the Indonesian Banking, in 2008 the enactment of Law no. 21 of 2008 concerning Islamic Banking which is expected to provide significant prospects for Islamic Banking. Basically the concept in Islam cannot be separated from the 5 pillars of primary needs (al-dlaruriyyatul al-khams), namely: hifdhun nafs (guaranteed protection of the soul), hifdhul 'aql (guaranteed protection of reason), hifdhul mâl (guarantee of property protection), hifdhun nasl (guaranteed protection of offspring), and hifdhud dn (guaranteed protection of religion).
Indonesia merupakan negara dengan populasi Muslim terbesar di dunia dengan jumlah penduduk muslimnya sekitar 204 juta jiwa. Populasi Muslim yang besar ini merupakan potensi besar bagi perkembangan perbankan syariah. Perbankan syariah ini mulai mendapat perhatian pemerintah dengan dikeluarkannya undang-undang yang mendukung perbankan syariah. Artikel ini merupakan studi kualitatif. Dengan berbagai kebijakan dan keputusan dari kurun waktu kuranglebih selama 36 tahun (1974-2008), dimulai dari diselenggarakannya seminar nasional hubungan antara Indonesia-Timur Tengah yang berisikan tentang ide merealisasikan UU Perbankan Islam. Keberadaan Bank-bank Perkreditan Rakyat yang berbasis Islam tersebut mendorong untuk didirikannya bank umum yang bebas bunga. Dengan berbagai perkembangan yang terus di lakukan oleh Perbankan Indonesia, pada tahun 2008 disahkannya UU No. 21 Tahun 2008 tentang Perbankan Islam yang diharapkan memberikan prospek yang signifikan bagi Perbankan Islam. Pada dasarnya konsep dalam Islam itu tidak lepas dari 5 pilar kebutuhan primer (al-dlaruriyyatul al-khams), yaitu: hifdhun nafs (jaminan perlindungan jiwa), hifdhul ‘aql (jaminan perlindungan akal), hifdhul mâl (jaminan perlindungan harta), hifdhun nasl (jaminan perlindungan keturunan), dan hifdhud dîn (jaminan perlindungan agama).