bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The concept of hemostasis disorders in severe leptospirosis
Authors: Moisova D. L. , Gorodin V. N. 
Published: October 2021

The purpose of the research to create a concept for diagnostics and therapy of hemostasis disorders of patients with severe leptospirosis.Patients and Methods. The study included 474 patients with severe serologically confirmed leptospirosis with a favorable outcome of the disease and 31 patients with fatal outcome (total 505 people). Variant of coagulopathy was determined by using a set of special methods for studying hemostasis. The influence of platelet concentrate transfusion, plasma exchange and various tactics of glucocorticoid therapy on patient survival and correction of hemostasis disorders was evaluated. Survival analysis was made using Kaplan-Meyer method with a Cox proportional intensity model. Relative risk (RR) was calculated with a 95% confidence interval (CI).Results: the use of early diagnosis of coagulopathy variants and the use of a differentiated therapy regimen in the choice of the variant of hemostasis disorder led to a decrease of mortality from 16.45% to 11.5% and decrease in the consumption of platelet concentrate and fresh frozen plasma.Conclusion: patients with severe leptospirosis develop a multivariate hemostatic pathology: isolated thrombocytopenia (38%) with thrombotic microangiopathy (20,5%), disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (37,1%), uremic coagulopathy (4,9%), hepatic coagulopathy (3,4%). Plasma exchange in thrombotic microangiopathy is pathogenetically justified. Also, plasma exchange is pathogenetically justified in order to reduce plasma volume in DIC syndrome with consumption coagulopathy and hepatic coagulopathy. The use of GCS in isolated thrombocytopenia can be effective and safe in both “medium doses” and in the form of “pulse therapy” if the following conditions are met: acute renal injury (AKI) III stage according to AKIN and the absence of renal replacement therapy (RRT). The main indication for platelet concentrate transfusion in severe leptospirosis is extremely severe thrombocytopenia (grade 4) with active life-threatening bleeding at the time of transfusion.
Effect of Time and Temperature of Air Jet on the Mechanical and Biological Behavior of a Universal Adhesive System
Authors: Zimmer R , Leite ML , de Souza Costa CA , Hebling J , Anovazzi G , Klein CA , Hosaka K , Reston ED 
Published: October 2021

SUMMARY

Objectives
To evaluate the influence of heat application on the degree of conversion (DC) of the 3M Single Bond Universal Adhesive System, as well as its transdentinal cytotoxicity and microtensile bond strength to dentin.

Methods
Experimental groups were established according to the time and temperature of the air jet: G1: 5 seconds–25°C; G2: 10 seconds–25°C; G3: 20 seconds–25°C; G4: 5 seconds–50°C; G5: 10 seconds–50°C; G6: 20 seconds–50°C. In control group (G7), no treatment was performed. The DC was assessed using the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy–attenuated total reflectance (FTIR–ATR) technique. For the transdentinal cytotoxicity test, dentin discs fitted in artificial pulp chambers (APC) received the application of the adhesive system and the air jets. For the microtensile bond strength, healthy molars were restored and submitted to the microtensile test after 24 hours and 6 months, respectively.

Results
Significant reduction in viability of Mouse Dental Papilla Cell-23 (MDPC-23), which exhibited morphological changes, was observed in all experimental groups compared to control (p&lt;0.05). Although all tested protocols resulted in transdentinal diffusion of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), the group G6 presented the highest degree of monomeric conversion and the lowest cytotoxic effect, with higher dentin bond strength values in comparison to group G1 (p&lt;0.05).

Conclusions
Applying an air blast at 50°C for 20 seconds increases the DC and microtensile bond strength of the 3M Single Bond Universal Adhesive System to dentin, as well as reduces the transdentinal cytotoxicity of the material to pulp cells.
Protocols for Mechanical Cleaning of the Post Space on the Bond Strength Between Root Dentin and Cementation System
Authors: Alencar CM , Verbicário dos Santos JRE , Jassé FFA , dos Santos GO , Escalante-Otárola WG , Castro-Nuñez GM , de Campos EA , Kuga MC 
Published: October 2021

SUMMARY

Objective
To evaluate the effects of mechanical versus chemical cleaning protocols for cleaning the root dentin surface before cementation of fiberglass posts for their effect on the bond strength, failure mode, and dentinal penetration of the cementing agent using an etch-and-rinse adhesive system on dentin prepared to receive a fiberglass post.

Methods
Forty roots of bovine teeth were endodontically treated and prepared for fiber post cementation. The specimens were randomized into 4 groups of 10: Control group (CO) - irrigation with 2.5% NaOCl; DW group- irrigation with distilled water; RB group - rotating brush for cleaning root canals, and CUI group - continuous ultrasonic irrigation. The fiberglass posts were cemented, and the specimens were immersed in distilled water for 6 months. A push-out test was performed on the cervical, middle, and apical thirds of the samples. Dentinal penetration of the cementing agent and the fracture pattern were evaluated by laser confocal microscopy. Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc Tukey tests (α=0.05). Results: The RB and CUI groups showed significantly higher bond strength values when compared to the Control and DW groups (p&lt;0.05). In addition, in the control and DW groups, the apical third presented lower bond strength values when compared to middle and cervical thirds.

Conclusion
While DW showed the highest incidence of adhesive type failure, CUI resulted in the highest dentinal penetration of the cementing agent (p&lt;0.05). RB and CUI resulted in the highest bond strength between cementation system and root dentin. In addition, CUI favored greater dentinal penetration of fiberglass post cementing agent.
CAD/CAM Milled Glass Fiber Posts: Adaptation and Mechanical Behavior in Flared Root Canals
Authors: Gama MER , Balbinot GS , Ferreira GC , Mota EG , Leitune VCB , Collares FM 
Published: October 2021

SUMMARY
This study aimed to evaluate the cementation and mechanical behavior of flared root canals restored with CAD/CAM milled glass fiber post-and-core systems. Sixty-six endodontically treated human canines with a flared root canal were divided into three different groups according to the type of post: GPF received prefabricated posts; GREL received relined glass fiber posts, and GMILLED received CAD/CAM milled glass fiber posts. Cementation was performed with self-adhesive resin cement. The samples were submitted to x-ray microcomputed tomography analysis for the analysis of voids and gaps. The roots were sectioned and submitted to the push-out bond strength test. The load-to-fracture was evaluated in post-and-core systems. GMILLED presented lower void and lower gap volumes when compared to GPF and GREL. On the load-to-fracture test, GREL presented statistically significant higher values than GMILLED. GPF values had no statistically significant difference from the two other groups. On the push-out bond strength test, GPF presented statistically significant lower values when compared to GREL and GMILLED. The most common failure pattern was between dentin and cement in all groups. CAD/CAM milled glass fiber post-and-core systems presented an enhanced adaptation of glass fiber posts to flared root canal systems. Their results were comparable to relined posts in bond strength, while load-to-fracture-results for GMILLED were lower than those for GPF.
A Review of Multi-Channel Medium Access Control Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Alahmadi Hanan , Boabdullah Fatma 
Published: October 2021

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are witnessing a momentum spread especially with the growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm. Indeed, WSNs are considered as the main enabling infrastructure for IoT networks. Nowadays, the emerging WSNs applications require not only long network lifespan but also considerably high data rate. Consequently, conceiving Multichannel MAC protocols that save the scarceenergy budget of sensor nodes while providing high network throughput is crucial for the emerging WSNs applications. In this paper, a thorough review of recent multichannel MAC protocols is provided along with a classification framework to deeply understand the design aspects for each protocol.
Study of the Chemical Composition of Hylocereus Undatus and Its Utility after Dehydration
Authors: Rathore Pragya , Kaba Lubaina , Tamrakar Satya , Sinha Rounak , Singhal Shreya , Malu Anuj , Seth Sarvesh 
Published: October 2021

This research deals with the characterization of dragon fruit for the purpose of consumption in different forms. Dragon fruit is supposed to be very nutritious and is rich source of several Phyto-chemicals. However, till now its utility in country like India is highly underrated. Dragon fruit has been found to be rich in antioxidants as well thus providing a wider scope for the research [1]. The fruit also contains high amount of minerals and balanced content of nutrients. High amount of dietary fiber and carotenoids make it beneficial for chronic heart disorders, cancer, and diabetes [1].
The paper highlights the nutritive attribute of fruit pulp and to increase its use as a dehydrated powder keeping the nutritive value intact. The dehydrated form increases the shelf life and is easy to use and also eases the distribution and transportation of fruit.
Evaluation of Food Safety of Commercial Baby Foods according to Legal Regulations
Authors: Var Işıl , Özçakmak Sibel , Tekin Ali , Yılmaz Seda , Heshmati Behzad , Uçkun Okşan , Çetinkaya Asya 
Published: October 2021

It has recently been recognized that some commercial infant formulae have, due to spoilage and pathogen microorganisms, which are detected risks to health, been recalled and reported in the Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed on notification lists. The risk of microbial contamination from the environment or from the addition of ingredients to cereal-based follow-on formulae (FOF) and powdered infant foods (PIF) products could occur under poor hygienic conditions. This project was designed to evaluate the associated risks of Cronobacter sakazakii, Salmonella, Total Coliform, E. coli, E. coli O157:H7, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus and Ochratoxin-A in PIF, FOF and rice flour products marketed in Turkey. Seventy-four baby formulae and thirteen rice flour trademarks obtained in 2018 randomly from different markets in Samsun, Kars, and Adana in Turkey. Salmonella, C. sakazakii, Coliform, S. aureus, L. monocytogenes and Bacillus cereus were analyzed using the ISO 6579:2002, ISO/TS 22964:2006, MPN, FDA (2001), FDA (1998) and FDA (2012) methods, respectively. C. sakazakii was isolated from 7/74 FOF products and 4/13 rice flour products, yielding 12.64% prevalence. Salmonella, S. aureus and L. monocytogenes were not detected in any of the samples. The FOF products, including cereals of different origins and one rice flour sample (7.69%), were found to be contaminated with B. cereus (6.76%) and B. subtilis (5.41%). OTA values were found to be above the legal limits in 4.05% (3/74) FOF products. These results suggest that routine quality controls and hazard and risk analysis for infant foods have to be much more rigorous in terms of the potential risk of microbiological contamination.
Diasporic Politics and Defining Diaspora in Law: The Case of Latvia
Authors: Birka Ieva , Lāce Agnese 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Passage of the Diaspora Law of Latvia required policymakers to go through an arduous process of discussing the limitations of diaspora, weighing the potential risks and benefits of various possible approaches, and ultimately agreeing on a definition to be included in the law. The end result was a very broad interpretation of who can be recognized as part of the Latvian diaspora. In this paper, to understand the political process of arriving at a definition, the theoretical perspectives of the ‘narrow’ and ‘broad’ definitions of diaspora are discussed, the motivations driving national governments to engage with their diasporas are analysed, and the discourse used during the drafting process is reviewed.
The Price of Medical Negligence – Should it Be Judged by the Criminal Court in the Context of the Jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights?
Authors: Pranka Darius 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The article deals with a recently relevant issue – whether a doctor who has made an error or was negligent during his or her professional activity that has resulted in injury or death should be prosecuted, whether this type of liability is not too strict, and whether it is proportionate and adequate to the specificities of the medical profession. From the point of view of criminal justice in Lithuania, this topic has not been investigated at all. The courts hear such criminal cases without any exceptions for doctors. However, in an international level, the judgments of the European Court of Human Rights or investigations in other states suggest that criminal liability is not always a binding legal consequence in such cases. After having analysed and summarised the case-law of the said court, by taking into account the insights of foreign authors, the danger of medical error and ultima ratio principle, the author raises the idea that the current practice in civil medical negligence when doctors are prosecuted for simple negligence should be changed.
Internal Migration of Workers in the European Union: Legal Aspects of Lithuania’s Experience in Transposing the Posting of Workers Directive
Authors: Krasauskas Rytis , Mačernytė-Panomariovienė Ingrida 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Freedom to provide services and free movement of workers are linked to the processes of permanent intra-EU migration, which are regulated, inter alia, by the national legislation implementing PWD. Consequently, the posting of workers within EU is not only part of the work organization process, but also part of a wider phenomenon of internal migration of workers. Accordingly, posted workers are to be considered as internal labour migrants. The regulation of the posting of workers must consider the legitimate interest of Member States in protecting their markets from social dumping as well as ensure minimum guarantees for posted workers. These circumstances presuppose changes in the regulation of the posting of workers. This article identifies four stages in the transposition of PWD into Lithuanian national law that are causally related to changes in European legislation and Lithuanian labour law reform as of 2017. It presents the legal assessment of national legal regulation and case law, identifying the related legal problems. The article pays special attention to the legal regulation of the remuneration of a posted worker, established by PWD (Directive 96/71/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on 16 December 1996 concerning the posting of workers in the framework of the provision of services (Official Journal (EU), 2004, no. L 18) [Directive 96/71/EC], with the amendments introduced by Directive 2014/67/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council from 15 May 2014 on the enforcement of Directive 96/71/EC concerning the posting of workers in the framework of the provision of services and amending Revision 4 of the EU Posting of Workers Directive Regulation (EU) No 1024/2012 on administrative cooperation through the Internal Market Information System (‘the IMI Regulation’) (Official Journal (EU), 2014, no. L 159) [Directive 2014/67/EU] and Directive 2018/957/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on June 2018 amending Directive 96/71/EC concerning the posting of workers in the framework of the provision of services (Official Journal (EU), 2018, no. L 173) [Directive 2018/957/EU]). It also explains the impact on the regulation of employment relations for posted workers in Lithuania stemming from Directive 2019/1152 on transparent and predictable working conditions in the EU.
Research of Kinematic Stepping Mechanism
Authors: Grinevich I. , Nikishin V. , Springis G. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a kinematic analysis of Theo Jansen’s stepping mechanism has been carried out and an algorithm for finding the output link trajectory from the given dimensions of the stepping mechanism elements, implemented by Mathcad program, has been developed. It is possible to output characterising parameters of all intermediate links with any number of intermediate links of a step cycle of the mechanism. The dimensions of the mechanism elements have been selected so that they provide the optimal smooth trajectory of the stepping point, minimising the mechanism oscillations in the vertical plane. A comparison of the trajectories of the foot in this study with the classical trajectory of Theo Jansen and the trajectory from article [7] has been provided. A minimum swing of the oscillation of the centre of mechanism masses in the vertical plane has been selected as an optimality criterion, combined with the maximum smoothness of the trajectory, provided that maximization of the step height is not required.
Towards a Phenomenological Analysis of Fictional Emotions
Authors: Cavallaro Marco 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
What are fictional emotions and what has phenomenology to say about them? This paper argues that the experience of fictional emotions entails a splitting of the subject between a real and a phantasy ego. The real ego is the ego that imagines something; the phantasy ego is the ego that is necessarily co-posited by any experience of imagining something. Fictional emotions are phantasy emotions of the phantasy ego. The intentional structure of fictional emotions, the nature of their fictional object, as well as the process of constituting the phantasy ego in representificational acts of consciousness are further elaborated to provide the groundwork for a phenomenological analysis of fictional emotions.
Attention and the Subject of Depiction Some Remarks on Husserl’s Approach to the Function of Attention in Phantasy, Image Consciousness and Pictorial Experience
Authors: Scanziani Andrea 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This study aims at exposing the phenomenological description of attention as presented by Husserl in his 1904-05 Göttingen-lecture Principal Parts of the Phenomenology and Theory of Knowledge, in its relevance for the study of so-called “intuitive re-presentations”, that is, phantasy and image-consciousness. Starting with the exposition of the fundamental traits of the intentional theory of attention, this study discusses the definition of attention in the terms of meaning [Meinen] and interest, which allows it to become an encompassing modification of all kinds of lived experiences that does not imply an alteration of their act-character (Husserl, 2004: 73). We refer to this character of attention as “plasticity”. In what follows, the study underlines these two definitions of attention and their importance for the understanding of phantasy and image-consciousness. Both kinds of re-presentations will be described stressing the role of attention in the “structuring” of the intentional act and in its affective basis. Finally, the study deals more specifically with the complex description of image consciousness from the viewpoint of the attentional meaning of the image subject.
A Husserlian Approach to Aesthetic Experience: Existential Disinterest and Axiological Interest
Authors: Rozzoni Claudio 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
As early as 1905, Husserl made clear that, when it comes to aesthetic consideration, our “interest” is not directed toward the existence of the object as such, but rather toward the object’s way of appearance. Husserl’s famous letter to Hofmannsthal (1907) goes as far as to suggest that any existential concerns are potentially even a menace to the purity of aesthetic experience. This position clearly echoes Kant’s account of aesthetic judgment presented in the third Critique, notably as regards the notion of disinterestedness. However, this is not tantamount to claiming that aesthetic attitude implies the suspension of all interest: this paper aims to show that it would be more appropriate to discuss it in terms of a change of interest: from an existential interest to an axiological one.
Spatial-Temporal Trend Analysis of Rainfall Erosivity and Erosivity Density of Tropical Area in Air Bengkulu Watershed, Indonesia
Authors: Supriyono Supriyono , Utaya Sugeng , Taryana Didik , Handoyo Budi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
There have been many studies on rainfall erosivity and erosivity density (ED). However, it was not widely developed in Indonesia as a tropical country and has unique precipitation patterns. They are indicators for assessing the potential risk of soil erosion. The Air Bengkulu Watershed is undergoing severe land degradation due to soil erosion. This study aimed to analyze spatial-temporal in rainfall erosivity and ED based on monthly rainfall data (mm). The data used consisted of 19 weather stations during the period 2006–2020 and which are sparsely distributed over the watershed. The analysis was done by using Arnold's equation. Then, the trend was tested using parametric and non-parametric statistics, and analysed with linear regression equation, and Spearman's Rho and Mann Kendall's tests. The spatial distribution of both algorithms was analysed using the inverse distance weighted (IDW) method based on the geographic information system (GIS). Unlike previous research findings, The long-term average monthly rainfall erosivity and ED revealed a general increase and decreasing trend, whereas it was found to be non-significant when both indices were observed. However, these results indicate a range from 840.94 MJ · mm−1 · ha−1 · h−1 · a−1, 552.42 MJ · mm−1 · ha−1 · h−1 · a−1 to 472.09 MJ · mm−1 · ha−1 · h−1 · a−1 in that November month followed by December and April are the most susceptible months for soil erosion. Therefore, The upstream area of the region shows that various anthropogenic activities must be managed properly by taking into account the rainfall erosivity on the environment and that more stringent measures should be followed in soil and water conservation activities.
Experimental Determination of Changing the Axial Force in the Bolts of the Clamping Sleeve Under Its Axial Load
Authors: Lukáš Hruzík , Jiří Struž , Květoslav Kaláb 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This paper deals about experimental determination of changing the axial load in the bolts of the clamping sleeve under its axial load. Inspiration for this experiment was FEM analysis clamping sleeve in Ansys workbench. Changing of the axial load in the bolts is very important for fatigue of bolt. Bolt force and pretension is necessary for transmit axial load and torque. the change occurs when the sleeve is loaded by the axial force.
An investigation of longwall failure using 3D numerical modelling – A case study at a copper mine
Authors: Nguyen Phu Minh Vuong , Olczak Tomasz , Rajwa Sywester 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
It is well-known that the longwall mining method (with roof caving) is widely used in underground mining extraction for bedded deposits (e.g. coal) due to its numerous advantages. Generally, this method is not commonly applied for ore deposits such as copper deposit. In Poland, the longwall mining method has been tested for thin copper deposits at the Polkowice-Sieroszowice copper mine (KGHM). Various failure modes were observed during longwall operation in the 5A/1 panel. This paper aims to examine these occurred failures. To do so, an analysis has been conducted using 3D numerical modelling to investigate the failure mode and mechanism. Based on the 3D numerical modelling results with extensive in situ measurements, causes of failure are determined and practical recommendations for further copper longwall operations are presented.