bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary phosphate mineralization in mandibular elements of middle paleozoic archaeostracans from Spain
Authors: Martí Mus Mónica , López-Rojas Victor 
Published: December 2024

AbstractArchaeostracans are an early fossil crustacean group linked to malacostracans. The earliest archaeostracans are late Cambrian, but the group diversified mostly in the Silurian and Devonian. Complete specimens are known from konservat-lagerstätten, but loose mandibular elements are relatively abundant in decalcified, acid resistant residues of middle Palaeozoic carbonates. These mandibular elements have been assumed to be originally heavily sclerotized and secondarily phosphatized, but have received little attention in the scientific literature. In the present study, we describe isolated mandibular elements, gnathal lobes (likely belonging to a single archaeostracan species), from the middle Palaeozoic of the Cordoba Province, Spain, and provide evidence that they were originally mineralized with calcium phosphate. Our results are in accordance with recent evidence that malacostracans use calcium phosphate to strengthen mechanically challenged areas of their cuticle, particularly the wear prone mandibular surfaces, and support the hypothesis of a dual calcium phosphate/carbonate mineralization system evolving early in arthropods.
Atmospheric and Po River Discharge Anomalies in 2017: Impacts on Water Properties of the Adriatic Sea and North Ionian Sea
Authors: Babagolimatikolaei Javad 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe Adriatic Sea’s heat and salt budget depends on three factors: atmospheric forcing, river runoff, and flux from the Ionian Sea. In 2017, an increase in salinity was observed in the Adriatic Sea. However, limited research has been conducted to precisely understand the internal factors (atmospheric forcing and river runoff) of the Adriatic contributing to this high salinity. In this study, we investigate the impact of atmospheric forcing and Po River discharge on the Adriatic Sea’s heat and salt budget, focusing on the years 2017 and 2018. Using an ocean model, we found that the Adriatic Sea experienced a loss of net atmospheric heat flux and a decrease in Po River discharge in 2017, leading to notable changes in its heat and salt budget compared to 2018. Specifically, the Adriatic Sea lost 20–30% more net heat flux in 2017 than in 2018. Substantial variations in temperature and salinity fluxes were observed, with a 9,000 ℃ m3/s increase in temperature flux and an 8,000 P.S.U m3/s rise in salinity flux in the southern Adriatic during 2018. Changes in surface circulation patterns indicated heightened gyre strength in the southern Adriatic and strengthened east–west currents in the Ionian Sea during the summer of 2018. The decrease in river discharge from the Po River resulted in an increase of 0.2–0.3 P.S.U in salinity in the Adriatic Sea, contributing to a density increase of 0.2–0.4 kg/m3. These findings underscore the sensitivity of the Adriatic Sea to atmospheric forcing and Po River discharge, which have implications for our understanding of global warming.
Effects of humic and fulvic acids on forage production and grain quality of triticale under various soil salinity levels
Authors: Mosaad Ibrahim S. M. , Selim El-Metwally M. , Gaafar Doaa E. M. , Al-Anoos Mohamed A. T. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe problem of soil salinity poses a significant challenge to global agriculture, adversely affecting crop development and yield. Triticale, a hybrid cereal crop, shows promise due to its resilience and adaptability. However, high soil salinity can hinder its full potential. Humic substances, derived from organic matter decomposition, have been found to enhance plants' ability to withstand environmental stress. This research aims to investigate the impact of humic compounds, particularly humic and fulvic acids, on triticale development, yield components, and biochemical composition. The study was conducted in three locations with varying salinity levels in northern Egypt over two consecutive winter seasons. The results showed that humic substances had a positive effect on various growth parameters, including plant height and root length. Additionally, they led to significant increases in fresh fodder production, relative water content, and 1000-grain weight, mitigating the detrimental effects of soil salinity. The presence of humic substances also positively influenced several physiological aspects of plants, such as increased chlorophyll content, reduced proline accumulation, and enhanced protein and carbohydrate levels, particularly under saline conditions. Correlation analysis revealed significant positive associations between plant characteristics influenced by humic substances, indicating their potential to improve growth, photosynthesis, and yield. These findings underscore the potential benefits of supplementing triticale crops with humic materials to enhance productivity and quality in saline soils. Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and optimize their application in practical agricultural settings.
Efficient single-channel current measurements of the human BK channel using a liposome-immobilized gold probe
Authors: Hirano Minako , Asakura Mami , Ide Toru 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe human BK channel (hBK) is an essential membrane protein that regulates various biological functions, and its dysfunction leads to serious diseases. Understanding the biophysical properties of hBK channels is crucial for drug development. Artificial lipid bilayer recording is used to measure biophysical properties at the single-channel level. However, this technique is time-consuming and complicated; thus, its measurement efficiency is very low. Previously, we developed a novel technique to improve the measurement efficiency by rapidly forming lipid bilayer membranes and incorporating ion channels into the membrane using a hydrophilically modified gold probe. To further improve our technique for application to the hBK channel, we combined it using the gold probe with a liposome fusion method. Using a probe on which liposomes containing hBK channels were immobilized, the channels were efficiently incorporated into the lipid bilayer membrane, and the measured channel currents showed the current characteristics of the hBK channel. This technique will be useful for the efficient measurements of the channel properties of hBK and other biologically important channels.
Graphical abstract
Plant community, geomorphology, and macrobenthos as drivers of spatial variations in soil carbon and nitrogen in a coastal shoal
Authors: Lyu Qing , Zhou Ke , Liu Shi-Xian , Cheng Hai-Feng , Zhang Wei , Tian Yuan , Zhu Ke-Hua , Chen Hua-Yu , Li Zeng-Feng , Zhou Zeng , Ge Zhen-Ming 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCoastal salt marsh wetlands are crucial reservoirs of soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N). However, the effects of plant type, geomorphology, and macrobenthos on spatial variations in soil C and N in coastal wetlands remain unclear. In this study, the spatial distribution of soil C and N components was investigated in a coastal wetland (Jiuduansha Shoal) in the Yangtze Estuary, and plant type distribution, plant biomass, soil properties, and macrobenthos species and biomass along the geomorphological gradient were measured. The results showed that the amounts and stocks of soil total C, soil organic C, soil total N, and soil microbial biomass C and N at the Spartina alterniflora (SA) and Phragmites australis (PA) sites were significantly higher than those at the bare mudflat (BM) sites. The soil and microorganism C and N variables showed a remarkable increasing trend from low- to high-elevation sites. The abundance of macrobenthos at the Scirpus mariqueter site was the highest among the plant communities and was significantly higher than that at the Zizania latifolia (ZL) and BM sites. The air-free dry weight (AFDW) of macrobenthos in the PA community was the highest among the communities. The variability in soil C and N was mainly sensitive to plant biomass, soil water content, bulk density, macrobenthos AFDW, particle size, electrical conductivity, and nutrient levels. We suggest that the synergetic effects of biotic and abiotic factors in the intertidal environment need to be fully considered in assessing and managing the C and N pools of coastal salt marshes in East China.
Enhanced PM2.5 prediction in Delhi using a novel optimized STL-CNN-BILSTM-AM hybrid model
Authors: Sreenivasulu T. , Rayalu G. Mokesh 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAccurate air pollution predictions in urban areas facilitate the implementation of efficient actions to control air pollution and the formulation of strategies to mitigate contamination. This includes establishing an early warning system to notify the public. Creating precise estimates for PM2.5 air pollutants in large cities is a challenging task because of the numerous relevant factors and quick fluctuations. This study introduces a novel hybrid model named STL-CNN-BILSTM-AM. It combines the seasonal-trend decomposition method with LOESS (STL) to simplify learning tasks and increase prediction accuracy for complex, nonlinear time-series data. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) extract features from decomposed components of PM2.5 and other feature variables, such as pollutants and meteorological variables. Bidirectional long-short-term memory (BILSTM) uses these features to extract temporal relationships, enabling the forecasting of daily PM2.5 levels at four locations in Delhi. This hybrid model uses attention mechanisms to extract the most significant information, as well as Bayesian optimization to tune the hyperparameters. The suggested model greatly improved performance in all four regions used in this study, as evidenced by the findings. We compared it with the CNN-BILSTM, BILSTM, LSTM, and CNN models, and the suggested model outperformed the state-of-the-art models by utilizing STL decomposition components and other features. The overall results show that the STL-CNN-BILSTM-AM is better at predicting air quality, especially the concentration of PM2.5 in cities when the data has a high seasonal trend and is complex.
Graphical Abstract
Cooperative midcourse guidance law with target changing and communication topology switching
Authors: Zhang R. , Fang Y. , Chen Z. , Guo H. , Fu W. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This paper proposes a cooperative midcourse guidance law with target changing and topology switching for multiple interceptors intercepting targets in the case of target loss and communication topology switching. Firstly, a three-dimensional guidance model is established and a cooperative trajectory shaping guidance law is given. Secondly, the average position consistency protocol of virtual interception points is designed for communication topology switching, and the convergence of the average position of virtual interception points under communication topology switching is proved by Lyapunov stability theory. Then, in the case of the target changing, the target handover law and the handover phase guidance law are designed to ensure the acceleration smoothing, at last, the whole cooperative midcourse guidance law is given based on the combination of the above guidance laws. Finally, numerical simulation results show the effectiveness and the superiority of the proposed cooperative midcourse guidance law.
Method of fault prediction for avionics components based on stacking regression
Authors: Li W.H. , Li G. , Liu Y. , Ma J.T. , Wu Z.D. , Tang X. , Sun W.C. , Wen T.Z. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
As avionics systems become increasingly complex, traditional fault prediction methods are no longer sufficient to meet modern demands. This paper introduces four advanced fault prediction methods for avionics components, utilising a multi-step prediction strategy combined with a stacking regressor. By selecting various standard regression models as base regressors, these base regressors are first trained on the original data, and their predictions are subsequently used as input features for training a meta-regressor. Additionally, the Tree-structured Parzen Estimator (TPE) algorithm is employed for hyperparameter optimisation. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed stacking regression methods exhibit superior accuracy in fault prediction compared to traditional single-model approaches.
Reducing inappropriate antibiotic prescribing for acute uncomplicated bronchitis: a systemwide quality improvement project
Authors: Williams Sabrina , Engels Julie , Ogrin Sara , Rossman Nolan , Olivero Rosemary 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This systemwide quality improvement project examined whether a bundle of antimicrobial stewardship interventions reduced the proportion of inappropriate antibiotic prescriptions in ambulatory encounters for adults with acute uncomplicated bronchitis. There was an overall reduction in the proportion of inappropriate prescriptions from pre- to postinterventions (44.9%–32.5% [P < 0.001]).
Characterising the short- and long-term impacts of tropical cyclones on mangroves using the Landsat archive
Authors: Asbridge Emma , Krause Claire , Lucas Richard , Owers Christopher J. , Rogers Kerrylee , Lymburner Leo , Mueller Norman , Ai Emma , Wong Sebastian 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Tropical cyclones can significantly impact mangrove forests, with some recovering rapidly, whilst others may change permanently. Inconsistent approaches to quantifying these impacts limit the capacity to identify patterns of damage and recovery across landscapes and cyclone categories. Understanding these patterns is critical as the changing frequency and intensity of cyclones and compounding effects of climate change, particularly sea-level rise, threaten mangroves and their ecosystem services. Improvements in Earth observation data, particularly satellite-based sensors and datacube environments, have enhanced capacity to classify time-series data and advanced landscape monitoring. Using the Landsat archive within Digital Earth Australia to monitor annual changes in canopy cover and extent, this study aims to quantify and classify immediate and long-term impacts of category 3–5 cyclones for mangroves in Australia. Closed canopy mangrove forests experienced the greatest immediate impact (loss of canopy cover). Most immediate impacts were minor, implying limited immediate mortality. Impacts varied spatially, reflecting proximity to exposed coastlines, cyclone track and forest structure (height, density, condition and species). Recovery was evident across all cyclones, although some areas exhibited permanent damage. Understanding the impacts and characteristics of vulnerable and resilient forests is crucial for managers tasked with protecting mangroves and their services as the climate changes.
Double EPW sextics associated with Gushel–Mukai surfaces
Authors: Beri Pietro 
Published: December 2024

Works by O’Grady allow to associate with a two-dimensional Gushel–Mukai (GM) variety, which is a K3 surface, a double Eisenbud–Popescu–Walter (EPW) sextic. We characterize the

$K3$

surfaces whose associated double EPW sextic is smooth. As a consequence, we are able to produce symplectic actions on some families of smooth double EPW sextics which are hyper-Kähler manifolds.
We also provide bounds for the automorphism group of GM varieties in dimension 2 and higher.
Why European Social Sciences and Humanities Advocacy Matters
Authors: Lombardo Gabi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article highlights the importance of European scientists, particularly in the social sciences and humanities, in shaping global research policies through active advocacy in science policy. The European Union (EU) is a significant transnational research funder, largely through its multiannual Framework Programmes, such as Horizon Europe (2020–2027), which support collaboration between researchers worldwide. This funding drives innovation and societal benefit, influencing global standards on topics like sustainability, cultural heritage, and data protection. The EU’s openness to consultation makes it unique compared to countries like the United States and China, where funding decisions are decided top-down by governments and policymakers. Thus, European humanities and social science researchers have a unique opportunity to shape the political research agenda. To strengthen this advocacy, three practical steps await researchers: (1) understand national research narratives, (2) ensure research impacts policymaking, and (3) support international research organisations.
L'inconfort ou l'indifférence ? Comprendre l'opposition aux mesures visant à contrer la mésinformation au Québec
Authors: Lavigne Mathieu 
Published: December 2024

Résumé
Malgré l'attention accordée à l'enjeu de la mésinformation au cours des dernières années, peu d’études ont examiné l'appui des citoyens pour les mesures visant à y faire face. À l'aide de données récoltées lors des élections québécoises de 2022 et de modèles par blocs récursifs, cet article montre que l'appui aux interventions contre la mésinformation est élevé en général, mais que les individus ayant une idéologie de droite, appuyant le Parti conservateur du Québec et n'ayant pas confiance dans les médias et les scientifiques sont plus susceptibles de s'y opposer. Ceux qui ne sont pas préoccupés par l'enjeu, priorisent la protection de la liberté d'expression ou adhèrent aux fausses informations y sont aussi moins favorables. Les résultats suggèrent que dépolitiser l'enjeu de la mésinformation et travailler à renforcer la confiance envers les institutions pourraient augmenter la légitimité perçue et l'efficacité de notre réponse face à la mésinformation.
Sociolinguistics of hope: Language between the no-more and the not-yet
Authors: Silva Daniel N. , Borba Rodrigo 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSociolinguistics has recently turned its attention to the production of hope in language. Although hope is dismissed in several everyday and academic discourses as escapism or cruel optimism, if investigated ethnographically, the affect and practice of hope emerge contextually as both practical reason and semiotic ideology with important political implications. The articles in this special issue variously engage with hope as situated action whereby individuals and communities struggle for material resources, reorient temporality, recalibrate registers, create alliances, and reflexively engage with social practice to build forms of life that in many ways resist despair and paralysis. While the collection of articles gathered here does not share a single view of hope, a common thread is that hope in different ways coheres with the Brazilian Portuguese esperançar—that is, hope not as sheer or passive waiting but as pragmatic and reflexive action. (Sociolinguistics of hope, affect, practical reason, language ideology, ethnography)
Examining Mehrtens’ (Counter)modernism in captivity: On Bernard d’Orgeval’s mathematical research in the Oflags
Authors: Friedman Michael 
Published: December 2024

ArgumentWhat kind of mathematical research activities took place in prisoner of war camps in Germany during the Second World War? And can one inspect such activities in order to re-examine, on the one hand, Herbert Mehrtens’ analysis of the modernism/counter-modernism divide of early twentieth-century mathematics, and on the other, his research on the instrumentalization of mathematics during the war? Closely examining the work carried out in the field of algebraic geometry by the French mathematician Bernard d’Orgeval, who was held in three of such camps between 1940 and 1945, the paper aims not only to unfold this unique episode in the history of mathematics, presenting it as an ephemeral configuration, but also to show the limitations of Mehrtens’ approach and the narrative of modern and counter-modern mathematics.
Trajectories of children’s intrusive grief and association with baseline family and child factors and long-term outcomes in young adulthood
Authors: Sandler Irwin , Tein Jenn-Yun , Hoppe Rebecca , Uhlman Rana , Wolchik Sharlene 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study reports on the description of children’s distinct trajectories of intrusive grief, baseline predictors of grief trajectories, and the association of grief trajectories with mental health, substantive abuse and disordered grief six and fifteen years following baseline assessment. The study uses data on 244 parentally-bereaved children ages 8–16 at baseline. Four distinct trajectories were identified using Growth Mixture Modeling over four waves of assessment across 6 years. The trajectories were labeled high chronic grief, moderate chronic grief, grief recovery (starts high but decreases over 6 years of assessment) and grief resilience (chronic low grief). Baseline factors associated with chronic high or moderate chronic levels of grief included depression, traumatic cause of death (homicide or suicide), active inhibition of emotional expression, active coping, child age and gender. At the six-year assessment, trajectories were associated with internalizing mental health problems, higher level of traumatic grief, and aversive views of the self. At the fifteen-year assessment, trajectories were associated with intrusive grief. The results are interpreted in terms of consistency with prior evidence of children’s long-term grief, theoretical processes that may account for chronic grief and implications for the development of preventive and treatment interventions.
Diversity of embryos and seed dormancy in Rubiaceae: a taxonomic/phylogenetic and biogeographic perspective
Authors: Baskin Carol C. , Baskin Jerry M. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We have reviewed seed dormancy and germination in the Rubiaceae, the fourth-largest angiosperm family (in terms of species richness), in relation to ecology, life form, biogeography and phylogeny (subfamily/tribe). Life forms include trees, shrubs, vines and herbs, and tropical rainforest trees have the greatest number of tribes and species. The family has five kinds of embryos: investing, linear-full, linear-underdeveloped, spatulate and spatulate-underdeveloped, and seeds are non-dormant (ND) or have morphological (MD), morphophysiological (MPD) or physiological (PD) dormancy. Except for the occurrence of the investing embryo only in dry fruits of Dialypetalanthoideae, each kind of embryo is found in dry and fleshy fruits of Dialypetalanthodies and of Rubioideae. In tropical and temperate regions, there are species with ND seeds and others whose seeds have MD, MPD or PD. A complete seed dormancy profile (i.e. some species with ND seeds and others whose seeds have MD, MPD or PD) was found for tropical rainforest trees and shrubs and semi-evergreen rainforest shrubs. Dormancy-break occurs during cold or warm stratification or dry-afterripening, depending on the species. Some tropical species have long periods of dormancy-break/germination extending for 4–5 to 30–40 weeks. Soil seed banks are found in 5 and 15 tribes of Rubiaceae in tropical and temperate regions, respectively. With increased distance from the Equator, diversity of life forms and seed dormancy decreases, resulting in only herbs with PD at high latitudes. We conclude that the low species richness of Rubiaceae in temperate regions is not related to low diversity of seed dormancy/germination.