bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mesoporous Silica Encapsulated Iron Oxide-Silver Heterodimeric Nanoparticles and Their Applications in Multi-Responsive Drug Release
Authors: Sun Xiaoting , Zhang Xiaohui , Yang Huazhe , Wang Xiaohong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background

Metal based nanomaterials play essential roles in the fields of cancer diagnosis and therapy, drug delivery and exploration. As a novel kind of metal nanocomposites, magnetic-plasmonic nanohybrids are promising candidates in combined therapy. However, few studies have demonstrated the multi-responsive drug delivery properties of the nanohybrids. In this work, novel Fe3O4-Ag heterodimer nanoparticles coated with mesoporous SiO2 were prepared for multi-responsive drug release applications.
Results

Seed growth method was employed to form the heterodimer particles, and a layer of mesoporous silica was coated on the particle to improve the biocompatibility of metal nanoparticles, which also acted as drug loading and release component. Characterized via infrared spectroscopy, X-Ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy, the particles were confirmed to appear a Janus like structure with Fe3O4 and Ag hemispheres encapsulating in silica. Doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) was loaded on the surface of the particles for drug delivery. The drug loading efficiency, release performance and the apoptosis action of the particles on MCF-7 cells were investigated in vitro. The results showed that DOX was successfully loaded on the particles with encapsulation efficiency of 88.3% and drug loading of 30.6%. And the release amount after 48 h increased from 10.05 ± 0.19% to 68.53 ± 8.20% as the environment was tuned to acidic, indicating an obvious pH response of the particles. Simultaneously, due to the photothermal effect of Ag hemispheres, the particles had exhibited an enhanced drug release stimulated by 808 nm near infrared (NIR) irradiation. And the results of apoptosis assay were in accord with the drug release profiles. Besides, the particles could well respond to an external magnetic field, which is beneficial to particle location or recovery.
Conclusion

The as-prepared particles exhibit good magnetic and photothermal properties originating from Fe3O4 and Ag hemispheres respectively, which are desired features in magnetic hyperthermia and photothermal therapy. The particles also possess pH and NIR light responsive drug release properties, enabling triggered and targeted drug delivery.
Cost-Benefit Analysis and Financial Viability of Household Biogas Plant Installation in Aleta Wondo District, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Gedefa Tale , Melka Yoseph , Sime Getachew 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Installation of biogas plants has both costs and incomes; installation and maintenance service demand financial costs and reduction of costs for purchasing firewood, kerosene and chemical fertilizers are benefits or incomes. This study investigates the cost-benefit analysis and financial viability related to biogas plant installation in Southern Ethiopia. Method: A multi-stage sampling technique was employed to select sample households. A total of 105 adopter households were selected for household survey.Results and conclusion: The installation cost took the largest share of the total cost of installation and was one of the main constraints that hindered installation. Installation increased household income by reducing the costs incurred for buying firewood, kerosene and chemical fertilizers. Relatively, lower plant size was more profitable than larger plant size. Installation under the subsidy scheme was more financially viable at 10 % discount rate than its counterparts. The profitability of lower plant size was more sensitive to changes in the discount rate, the level of expenditure saving and input price than larger plant size, under an assumption and without subsidy. Installation of low cost plants could more attract the engagement of a large number of rural households with low economic capacity. Besides, installation of lower plant sizes could more substantially enhance household income by saving costs incurred for buying firewood, kerosene and chemical fertilizers.
Effects of Novel Cognitive Stimulating Activities (CSAs) on Cognitive Decline and Depressive Symptom: A Naturalistic Study
Authors: Ng Ted Kheng Siang , Feng Lei , Chua Ru Yuan , Goh Lee Gan , Kua Ee Heok , Mahendran Rathi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
There is a scarcity of naturalistic follow-up studies on cognitive stimulating activities (CSAs), particularly in a real-world setting. We investigated a pooled novel CSA intervention to prevent cognitive decline amongst community-dwelling older adults without dementia. Within a cohort of older adults (N=991), four single-blinded randomized controlled trials involving four novel CSAs were conducted with a subset of the cohort (n=264). At cohort’s 5-year follow-up, we examined if involvements in the CSAs improved cognition, compared to controls (n=727). The primary outcomes were changes in global cognition and cognitive domain scores measured by the mini-mental state examination (MMSE). Exploratory subgroup analyses stratified by baseline cognitive status and the number of CSAs were also conducted. Compared to the control group, there was a small improvement in the CSA group on the total MMSE score (d=0.108) and MMSE-immediate recall score (d=0.199). Furthermore, subgroup analyses revealed medium effect sizes of improvements (d=0.420) in cognitive domains in MCI (versus cognitively healthy) and those involved in two CSAs (versus one CSA). In summary, a CSA intervention improved cognition. MCI and those involved in two CSAs gained greater benefits from the CSAs. These sustained improvements in cognitive functions could have a significant impact on delaying or preventing dementia.
Killing Underweighted Low Viable New-Born Piglets – A First Step to a Reliable and Comprehensive Decision
Authors: Geiping Lukas , Hartmann Maria , Kreienbrock Lothar , Beilage Elisabeth grosse 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background

The aim of this study was to estimate the mortality risk within the first days of life for underweight or low-vital neonatal piglets. This risk estimation should start a discussion concerning the pre-conditions for the killing of compromised new-born piglets for the prevention of unnecessary pain and suffering. In a field study, various clinical and laboratory variables were examined in 529 piglets out of four farms. Body weight, crown-rump-length, rectal temperature, a 4-stage vitality score, an intrauterine-growth-retardation score, glucose, lactate, haemoglobin and immunocrit were assessed on the first day of life. Vitality was scored by three factors: movement, abdominal palpation and colour of the skin. Afterwards death or survival of the piglets was monitored up until the fifth day of age.
Results

Body weight, crown-rump-length, rectal temperature, vitality score, IUGR-score, glucose and immunocrit were significantly associated with the probability of death (univariate model, p = < 0.0001). The final predictive multivariate model comprised the factors body weight, rectal temperature and vitality score. Piglets with a rectal temperature ≤ 37.5°C and moderate vitality score were found to have the highest probability to die until day 5 of age.
Conclusion

The clinical findings, identified by this model, allow the estimation of mortality risk for a new-born piglet within the first days of life. In a further analysis veterinarians, farmers and ethics need to clarify which probability of death justifies the killing of a new-born piglet.
Study on Spatial Measurement and Influence Mecha- nism of the Correlation between Traditional Villages and River Systems:A case study of Hunan, China
Authors: Zhang Suifeng , jiang difei 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
River systems acts as the critical factor for site selection. In the process of rural evolution, river adaptability created by human settlement is fading away due to inadequate understanding of inherent spatial characteristics. To better understand the inherent law of the applicability of traditional villages river systems , this study proposed the concept of inheritance based on spatial measurement of the correlation between traditional villages and river systems. With the help of GIS10.8 and SPSS26.0 software, this study takes 658 national traditional villages of Hunan and domestic river systems as an example to measure the spatial correlation characteristics,which concludes spatial pattern, spatial density and spatial distance. Summarize the similarity and differences characteristics of spatial distribution. Analyse and interpret the impact index of spatial correlation through the stepwise regression model. The results actually showed that traditional villages are uneven distributed along river systems, which are mainly affected by minority population, elevation and farming industry. In addition, traditional villages are less with the increase of spatial distance from river systems. The values of spatial quantitative measurement and mechanism can reflect the traditional survival wisdom.It can guide significance for spatial growth mechanism of integration with environment and provide references for future conservation and utilization of spatial heritage sustainability.
Mesophilic Anaerobic Digestion of JUNCAO for Biogas Production: Structure and Functional Analysis of Microbial Communities Based on High-Throughput Sequencing
Authors: Qiu Yuyang , Lei Yating , Zhao Hui , He Xiaoyu , Huang Ying , Liu Bin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
JUNCAO, as energy grass, was used in mesophilic anaerobic digestion (MAD) to produce methane, which has a huge market potential in biomass energy. This study was to investigate the characteristics of MAD of Arundo donax cv. Lvzhou No.1 (Lvzhou No.1) and Pennisetum giganteum z.x.lin (P. giganteum) (the growth cycle of 5 months), explore the relationship between microbial community structure and its function during MAD process. The results showed that the cumulative biogas production of Lvzhou No.1 and P. giganteum reached up to 370.37 mL/g VS and 313.04 mL/g VS, respectively. And the maximum methane concentration of both reached 75%. The volatile fatty acid (VFA) showed a trend of increasing at first then decreasing. Microbiota analysis based on high-throughput sequencing technology showed that the same microflora could differentiate into different microflora due to different fermentation materials. Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria were the dominant bacterial phyla with two predominant genera of Unidentified_Clostridiales and Romboutsia. In addition, Euryarchaeota and Methanosaeta were the dominant archaeal phyla and genus, respectively. Spearman correlation analysis showed that the production of acidic substances in this system was mainly the reaction effect of bacteria, and the methanogenic function was mainly associated with the dominant flora of archaea. In conclusion, this study would provide new evidence for MAD of JUNCAO as new energy resources, which would pave the way for large-scale MAD of energy plants in the future.
Detection of Email Spam using Natural Language Processing Based Random Forest Approach
Authors: Rayan Alanazi , Taloba Ahmed I. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
An unsolicited means of digital communications in the internet world is the spam email, which could be sent to an individual or a group of individuals or a company. These spam emails may cause serious threat to the user i.e., the email addresses used for any online registrations may be collected by the malignant third parties (spammers) and they expose the genuine user to various kinds of attacks. Another method of spamming is by creating a temporary email register and receive emails that can be terminated after some certain amount of time. This method is well suited for misusing those temporary email addresses for sending free spam emails without revealing the spammers real account details. These attacks create major problems like theft of user credentials, lack of storage, etc. Hence it is essential to introduce an efficient detection mechanismthrough feature extraction and classification for detecting spam emails and temporary email addresses. This can be accomplished through a novel Natural Language Processing based Random Forest (NLP-RF) approach. With the help of our proposed approach, the spam emails are reduced and this method improves the accuracy of spam email filtering, since the use of NLP makes the system to detect the natural languages spoken by people and the Random Forest approach uses multiple decision trees and uses a random node for filtering the spams.
Algorithms for Covid-19 Outbreak using Soft Set Theory: Estimation and Application
Authors: DALKILIÇ ORHAN 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a novel pandemic disease. COVID-19 originates from SARS-COV2 and represents the cause of a potentially fatal disease as a global public health problem. However, we have to renew our knowledge about the symptoms of this disease day by day. If we look generally; although the main symptoms seen in this epidemic are fever, cough and shortness of breath, cases without symptoms are also reported. Moreover, in severe cases, pneumonia, severe respiratory failure, kidney failure and death may develop. In this paper, it is suggested that all the different symptoms that may occur in various regions of the world should be taken into consideration and each region should be evaluated within itself. Moreover, in order to have an idea of the general situation, it was taken into account in the average case. For this, two algorithms were built by using soft set theory. The first of the algorithms focuses on the analysis of the relationships between the symptoms and aims to measure a possible effect of the symptoms on each other. The second one aims to identify the most dominant symptom. The results obtained by utilizing both algorithms argue that it is more useful to examine different regions in order to better manage the epidemic. Moreover, some consistent results have been obtained as to which parameters a person should show first in order to Covid test.
Maternal Childhood Trauma and Perinatal Distress Predict Infants’ Attention From 6 to 18 Months
Authors: Tu Hsing-Fen , Skalkidou Alkistis , Lindskog Marcus , Gredebäck Gustaf 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Maternal distress is repeatedly reported to have negative impacts on the cognitive development in children. Studies examining the association between maternal distress and the development of attention in infancy are few. This study investigated the longitudinal relationships between maternal distress (depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and exposure to childhood trauma) and the development of attention in infancy in 118 mother-infant dyads. We found that maternal exposure to non-interpersonal traumatic events in childhood and a large degree of anxiety during the 2nd trimester was associated with less attention of the infants to audio-visual stimuli at 6, 10, and 18 months. In addition, exposure to interpersonal traumatic events in childhood was identified as a moderator of the negative effect of maternal anxiety during the 2nd trimester on the development of attention in infants. We discuss the possible mechanisms accounting for these cross-generational effects. Our findings underscore the importance of maternal mental health to the development of attention in infancy and address the need for early screening of maternal mental health during pregnancy.
Population Trend, Crop Loss Assessment &amp; Acaricidal Management of Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks) (Acari: Tarsonemidae) Infesting Mungbean Under Gangetic Basin Of West Bengal, India
Authors: Bhowmik Sagarika , Yadav Sunil Kumar , Karmakar Krishna 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek), also known as green gram, is one of the important pulse crops grown in West Bengal, India. Mungbean is affected by various insect and non-insect pests, among which the yellow mite, Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks) plays an important role amounting huge crop loss. The peak population of the mite (23.2 mites/sq.cm leaf area) encountered during the initial budding stage of the crop and declined thereafter at the end of flowering stage. A tune of 50–80 % crop loss was estimated due to its infestation. Among seven acaricides tested, Dicofol, Diafenthiouron and Spiromesifen showed higher efficacy against the mite than the other acaricides used. The yellow mite is a regular and major pest of mungbean which appeared in a severe form in the farmer field especially during pre-kharif season which can be manage successfully by application of two successive round of acaricides like diafenthiouron or dicofol at 10 days interval during early reproductive stage of the crop that ensure the flowering and fruit setting of the crop giving satisfactory yield. The present study provides an important finding regarding the peak season of infestation by yellow mite and the effective measures to be taken against it which will help the mung bean growers to combat the loss from this havoc.
Obesity And Its Related Factors Among University Medical Students In Syria: A Cross- Sectional Study
Authors: Naeem Ahmad , AlJaber Yazen , Kakaje Ameer , Ghareeb Amjad , Said Bayan Al 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Obesity is a world-wide pandemic that has many contributing factors. Healthcare personnel has a crucial role in health promotion and is considered the role models for the general population. We aim to evaluate the BMI and physical activity (PA) of medical students their association with multiple variables, including psychological.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that was conducted in Damascus University. Paper-based questionnaires were distributed that included International PA Questionnaire short version (IPAQ-S7S) and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS 21).Results: The mean BMI was 23.5. Males had significantly higher BMI than females by 2.5 kg/m2. Shisha smoking, alcohol, family history, daily number of meals, high-fat meals, eating after midnight, physical activity, and having either moderate to severe depression, anxiety, and/or stress were all significantly associated with higher BMI (p<0.05). However, economic status, mean grades, marital status, living conditions, eating vegetables regularly, and number of snacks consumed did not significantly affect BMI. Low PA was found in 23.2% and was only associated with male gender. Conclusion: Our study found an association between obesity and the psychological factors among medical students. Smoking, fatty food and eating rates were also associated with obesity, while economic status was not. Low PA was prevalent among medical students and was associated with worse mental health which might reflect BMI being indirectly affected by war. This high BMI and low PA in medical students are particularly concerning and require rapid intervention.
Application of fiber optics in water distribution networks for leak detection and localization: a mixed methodology-based review
Authors: Ibrahim Kabir , Tariq Salman , Bakhtawar Beenish , Zayed Tarek 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study reviews the state-of-the-art application of fiber optics in water distribution networks for leak detection and localization. The use of fiber optics in the oil and gas sector has been well established; however, its potential in water pipelines is not evident owing to limited research. This study, therefore, presents the research developments of fiber optics in water leak detection and localization using the mixed methodology approach by integrating bibliometric and systematic analyses. A scientometric analysis is carried out to analyze the science maps of (1) journal sources, (2) contributing countries, and (3) co-occurrence of influential keywords. The systematic analysis evaluates the use of eight types of fiber optics, such as accelerometer-based fiber optics and hydrophone-based fiber optics, in water leak detection and localization. The review reveals five important directions for future research such as real network-based studies and the development of hybrid techniques.
Statistical analysis of extreme weather events in the Diyala River basin, Iraq
Authors: Naqi Noor M. , Al-Jiboori Monim H. , Al-Madhhachi Abdul-Sahib T. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractExtreme climate and weather events have direct impacts on human life, the environment, and resources. The Diyala River basin is shared between Iraq and Iran, which makes it vulnerable not only to climate change effects but also to upstream control. Therefore, understanding and predicting extreme events is an essential step to help decision-makers make proactive plans to reduce expected damages. The pattern of extreme events has been identified using climate extreme indices developed by the World Meteorological Organization and Expert Team on Climate Change Detection Indices using ClimPACT2 software. Data were obtained from three meteorological stations in Iraq (Sulaymania, Khanakin, and Baghdad) and one in Iran (Sanandaj) over a period of 20 years (2000–2020). Results for temperature showed seven statistically significant positive trends for only three indices (annual number of days with daily maximum temperature of &gt;35°, difference between daily maximum and daily minimum temperatures, and percentage of days with maximum temperature of &gt;90th percentile, indicating an increase in that temperature). Baghdad station had positive temperature trends for all indices. Trends for precipitation were nearly all nonsignificant and difficult to anticipate compared with those for temperature. Percentile-based indices showed more dry and warm events than wet and cold.
Temporal change of extreme precipitation intensity–duration–frequency relationships in Thailand
Authors: Yamoat N. , Hanchoowong R. , Sriboonlue S. , Kangrang A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Due to climate change, many research studies have derived the updated extreme precipitation intensity–duration–frequency relationship (IDF curve) from forecasted sub-hourly rainfall intensity time series, which is one of the most important tools for the planning and designing of hydraulic infrastructures. In this study, the IDF curves (1990–2016) of the six regions and procedures are used in accordance with those of the Royal Irrigation Department (RID)’s study (1950–1988). Each set of IDF relationships consists of 81 intensity values which are the combination of nine durations and nine return periods. The intensity ratios of this study and RID are compared. A greater-than-1 ratio indicates extreme intensity increment from the past to the present. Considering 81 ratios for each region, the number of greater-than-1 ratios for the North, Northeast, Central, East, West, and South regions are 8, 2, 31, 34, 6, and 7, respectively. These ratio numbers are far below 81 which means that the majority of extreme rainfall intensities do not increase from the past to the present. The study found that using accurate historical sub-hourly rainfall time series to create a set of IDF curves would be more reliable than using forecasted rainfall modeling.