bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antigen‐Specific Stimulation and Expansion of CAR‐T Cells Using Membrane Vesicles as Target Cell Surrogates
Authors: Ukrainskaya Valeria , Rubtsov Yuri , Pershin Dmitry , Podoplelova Nadezhda , Terekhov Stanislav , Yaroshevich Igor , Sokolova Anstasiia , Bagrov Dmitry , Kulakovskaya Elena , Shipunova Victoria , Deyev Sergey , Ziganshin Rustam , Chernov Aleksandr , Telegin Georgii , Maksimov Eugene , Markov Oleg , Oshchepkova Anastasiya , Zenkova Marina , Xie Jia , Zhang Hongkai , Gabibov Alexander , Maschan Michael , Stepanov Alexey , Lerner Richard 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDevelopment of CAR‐T therapy led to immediate success in the treatment of B cell leukemia. Manufacturing of therapy‐competent functional CAR‐T cells needs robust protocols for ex vivo/in vitro expansion of modified T‐cells. This step is challenging, especially if non‐viral low‐efficiency delivery protocols are used to generate CAR‐T cells. Modern protocols for CAR‐T cell expansion are imperfect since non‐specific stimulation results in rapid outgrowth of CAR‐negative T cells, and removal of feeder cells from mixed cultures necessitates additional purification steps. To develop a specific and improved protocol for CAR‐T cell expansion, cell‐derived membrane vesicles are taken advantage of, and the simple structural demands of the CAR‐antigen interaction. This novel approach is to make antigenic microcytospheres from common cell lines stably expressing surface‐bound CAR antigens, and then use them for stimulation and expansion of CAR‐T cells. The data presented in this article clearly demonstrate that this protocol produced antigen‐specific vesicles with the capacity to induce stronger stimulation, proliferation, and functional activity of CAR‐T cells than is possible with existing protocols. It is predicted that this new methodology will significantly advance the ability to obtain improved populations of functional CAR‐T cells for therapy.
Biocatalytic CsPbX3 Perovskite Nanocrystals: A Self‐Reporting Nanoprobe for Metabolism Analysis
Authors: Li Menglu , Zeng Yujing , Qu Xinyu , Jalalah Mohammed , Alsareii Saeed A. , Li Chao , Harraz Farid A. , Li Genxi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCsPbX3 perovskite nanocrystals (NCs), with excellent optical properties, have drawn considerable attention in recent years. However, they also suffer from inherent vulnerability and hydrolysis, causing the new understanding or new applications to be difficultly explored. Herein, for the first time, it is discovered that the phospholipid membrane (PM)‐coated CsPbX3 NCs have intrinsic biocatalytic activity. Different from other peroxidase‐like nanozymes relying on extra chromogenic reagents, the PM‐CsPbX3 NCs can be used as a self‐reporting nanoprobe, allowing an “add‐to‐answer” detection model. Notably, the fluorescence of PM‐CsPbX3 NCs can be rapidly quenched by adding H2O2 and then be restored by removing excess H2O2. Initiated from this unexpected observation, the PM‐CsPbX3 NCs can be explored to prepare multi‐color bioinks and metabolite‐responsive paper analytical devices, demonstrating the great potential of CsPbX3 NCs in bioanalysis. This is the first report on the discovery of nanozyme‐like property of all‐inorganic CsPbX3 perovskite NCs, which adds another piece to the nanozyme puzzle and opens new avenues for in vitro disease diagnostics.
Co‐Quenching Effect between Lanthanum Metal–Organic Frameworks Luminophore and Crystal Violet for Enhanced Electrochemiluminescence Gene Detection
Authors: Gao Huan , Wei Xuan , Li Meize , Wang Lei , Wei Tianxiang , Dai Zhihui 
Published: October 2021

AbstractExploring new electrochemiluminescence (ECL) luminophores to construct high‐efficiency sensing systems is always a hot direction for developing ECL sensors. Compared with other luminophores, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) exhibit high mass transfer ability for accelerating the reactivity in its pore channels, which is conducive to improving the performance of ECL sensors. In this work, La3+‐BTC MOFs (LaMOFs) are prepared as the highly active reactor and novel ECL luminophore. On this basis, a novel co‐quenching effect mechanism is proposed based on double‐stranded DNA (dsDNA) triggered cooperation between LaMOFs and crystal violet (CV) molecules. Under the confined pore channels of LaMOFs, CV can play an important role as the photon‐acceptor due to the matched absorption spectrum with the ECL spectrum of LaMOFs, and the electron‐acceptor on account of its lowest unoccupied molecular orbital level. Based on the proposed co‐quenching effect mechanism, a constructed ECL gene sensor shows good assay performance toward p53 gene in the detection range of 1 pm to 100 nm with a detection limit of 0.33 pm. The co‐quenching effect integrating LaMOFs with CV is expected to be a versatile approach in the construction of ECL gene sensor, which has good prospect in expanding the application range of ECL technology.
Hybrid Metal–Boron Diatomic Site Embedded in C2N Monolayer Promotes C–C Coupling in CO2 Electroreduction
Authors: He Miaomiao , An Wei , Wang Yuanqiang , Men Yong , Liu Shuang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDouble‐atom catalyst (DAC) has gained much interest for its versatile tuning and synergistic effect of dual‐atom active sites. Metal (M)–metal (M) diatomic sites, either homo‐ or heteronuclear, are typically researched. Hybrid metal‐non‐metal combined sites have rarely been studied and even the viability of such active sites are unknown. Herein, CO2 electroreduction (CO2RR) is explored on M@X‐C2N (M = Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu; X = S, P, and B) which renders naturally generated M–X diatomic site. Using spin‐polarized density functional theory coupled with computational hydrogen electrode model, it is demonstrated that the functionality of hybrid M–B dual‐atom center is superior over that of a single‐ or double‐M center in driving CO2RR especially C–C coupling. Among metal–boron DACs studies, Fe@B‐C2N (μ = 2μB) exhibits the lowest free energy barrier of 0.17 eV in C–C coupling whereas Ni@B‐C2N (μ = 0μB) mainly produces CH4 with the lowest barrier of 0.42 eV. Hence, the electronic spin state of M can be particularly important in modulating selectivity and C–C coupling barrier in CO2RR. Fe@B‐C2N is predicted as the promising catalyst for CO2RR towards C2+ products owing partially to its enhanced spin state. The findings can enrich the design strategy of electrocatalysts normally running at ambient conditions.
The Life of Breath: Contexts and Approaches
Authors: Fuller David , Macnaughton Jane , Saunders Corinne 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis introductory essay discusses the contexts in which breath has been considered in the last half-century in philosophy, feminism, the arts, psychoanalysis, education, religion, politics, and cultural geography, including ecological issues and the contemporary global problems of air pollution and climate change; also, as the book was being completed, the global pandemic of COVID-19 and the Black Lives Matter movement, with its slogan ‘I can’t breathe’. It describes the Life of Breath Wellcome Trust-funded project at the universities of Durham and Bristol UK, from which the book derives, including its other major outputs, an exhibition (Catch your Breath, 2018–2019) and a range of outreach activities; and it considers major themes of and connections between the individual essays that make up the volume.
Breathscapes: Natural Environments in Eighteenth-Century Physiology and Psychosomatics of Breathing
Authors: Knoeff Rina 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe eighteenth century was obsessed with the physiology and pathology of respiration and the necessity of clean air and strong winds for health and well-being. Air referred not only to the air we breathe, but also to the natural environments that produce (i.e., breathe) and determine the quality of air. Knoeff’s essay is concerned with the question of how the (psycho) pathology of respiration is bound up (conspires) with natural environments, not only in the literal sense (in urban spaces as well as the countryside) but also as represented in the material and visual culture of households, most notably in landscape paintings in living rooms. It was thought that the viewing of spacious landscapes would stimulate the imagination and literally give breathing space.
‘Eloquence and Oracle’: Tobacco in Eighteenth-Century Life and Literature
Authors: Russell Andrew 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn a seventeenth-century play, tobacco argues for the superiority of its ‘divine breath’ in distilling eloquence and oracle upon the tongue. This essay argues that tobacco’s arrival on European shores is reflected in two distinctive eighteenth-century literary genres, namely ‘object’- or ‘it’-narratives and the ‘poetry of attention’. Such literary works reflect eighteenth-century interest in questions of ‘sentient matter’ and ‘material agency’ and the increasingly detailed examination of nature demanded by empirical science. Using concepts derived from material culture studies and Actor-Network Theory, and examples from the deep history and current landscapes of tobacco in lowland South America, this essay argues that tobacco’s transit from ‘New’ to ‘Old’ World brought with it some cognitive changes that may have had a hitherto unrecognized influence on Enlightenment life and literature.
Endless Breath? The Pipe Organ and Immortality
Authors: O’Gorman Francis 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe fantasy of never running out of breath has long been alluring. But in the nineteenth century, the idea acquired a distinctive form of material reality. The pipe organ, existing at least from the ancient Greeks, has often been described as figuratively having lungs. But with the adoption of water/gas then electric-powered organ blowers in the nineteenth century, the organ, theoretically, could provide that which nothing else could: breath that could go on for ever. This essay explores two forms of poetic and narrative reflection on the new powers of the organ’s lungs. First, it considers writing that responded to the apparent instrument of endless breath by reinforcing the organ’s association with the eternal. Second, the essay examines writers who thought precisely the opposite and who acknowledged that, if new organ blowing technology implied unexpendable breathing, the reality—amid failed turbines, broken wind supplies, and insufficient power—reminded the listener of the grave.
London Fog as Food: From Pabulum to Poison
Authors: Corton Christine L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTraditional London fog mixed natural mist with large, sooty, sulphurous particulates from coal fires and factories to make the air thick, yellow, brown, or even black. Fogs were described in terms of food—names included ‘pea-souper’ and ‘London particular’ (a kind of Madera wine). In 1833 Thomas Carlyle referred to the fog as ‘that horrid flood of Spartan black-broth’. Inhalation became digestion, but of food commonly associated with the poor; ‘pea-souper’, the most common name for London fog, referred to cheap, yellow split-pea soup. Even in 1951, Henry Morton recalled a ‘thick pea-souper which tastes like iron filings’. When does breathing become eating or drinking? By this time, fog, regarded with pride by many Londoners, was regarded as threatening life rather than sustaining it.
‘Now—for a breath I tarry’: Breath, Desire, and Queer Materialism at the fin de siècle
Authors: Riddell Fraser 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRiddell explores how tropes of breath and breathlessness articulate the relationship between materiality, desire, and loss for queer subjects in Victorian literature. The essay presents readings of A. E. Housman’s A Shropshire Lad, John Addington Symonds’s Memoirs, and Walter Pater’s ‘Sebastian van Storck’ (from Imaginary Portraits). It also examines nineteenth-century sexology (including writings by Magnus Hirschfeld) to demonstrate how certain modes of breathing were directly associated with non-normative sexuality in the period. Riddell draws upon insights from contemporary queer theory, in its turns toward negative affect and phenomenology, to examine precarious forms of embodied subjectivity in the history of homosexuality. By doing so, he demonstrates how experiences of embodiment are never universal but closely bound up with individual subject positions (such as sexuality and gender).
Mysterious Gear: Modernist Mountaineering, Oxygen Rigs, and the Politics of Breath
Authors: Garrington Abbie 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOne year after the Hillary/Tenzing ascent of Everest, W. H. Auden’s ‘Mountains’ (1954) describes climbers as ‘those unsmiling parties, / Clumping off at dawn in the gear of their mystery / For points up’. By this time, such gear was likely to include an oxygen rig. Attitudes to support of the human breath ‘on the hill’ in the early twentieth century were fractured and controversial. Oxygen-less attempts were associated with fairness and a sense of the sporting, as pushing the body to un-assisted limits on the highest peaks became entangled with notions of masculinity, in a post-Great War era when younger generations sought challenges that their elders had found through conflict. Auden’s gear might be one of ‘mystery’, but it also brought a jarring modernity into atavistic struggles between body and rock. Mountain literature pre-1953 registers the imperfect incorporation of oxygen supply ‘gear’ in a poetic context, and a breathed line, where it has not been present. The deployment of oxygen brought issues now associated with modernist culture onto the mountainside, while debates raged about who got to breathe the air of the Himalayas, and who—having deployed air-in-a-bottle—might not be said to have climbed them at all.
Pneumatic Episodes from Homer to Galen
Authors: Long A. A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe ‘pneumatic episodes’ of Long’s essay survey ancient Greek ideas about breath (pneuma) and respiration, starting from Homer’s epic poetry and concluding with Galen’s medical ideas about the uses of breathing, and the pathologies of breathlessness. These ancient authors explored vital connections between breath, heart, mind, and brain. They also considered how breath functions to control the body’s temperature, how animal life begins with breath, and why breath and breathing are symptomatic for health and sickness. Their influential thoughts resonate with this book’s generic themes, especially breath’s centrality to inhabiting and understanding the world.
Hearing the Form: Breath and the Structures of Poetry in Charles Olson and Paul Celan
Authors: Fuller David 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis essay examines the ways in which the American poet Charles Olson, and the German-speaking Romanian Jewish poet Paul Celan, each in relation to specific post-war cultural circumstances, experimented with new ways of structuring poetry in relation to the breath: Olson in response to new global scientific, political, and intellectual currents; Celan in response to the Holocaust. The essay discusses not only how the poets wrote but also how they realised the printed forms of their poetry in performance, contrasting Olson’s literal performance of his theories with the different relation of print to performance of his contemporary and associate William Carlos Williams. It argues that Olson’s experiments, polemically formulated in his manifestoProjective Verse, while they have influenced central currents of American poetry since the 1950s, have remained largely American, whereas Celan’s, tentatively intimated in his anti-manifestoDer Meridian, and inimitably personal in their specific forms, can also be seen as modelling ways in which a wide range of twentieth- and twenty-first-century poetry can be realised in reading aloud.
A Panting Consciousness: Beckett, Breath, and Biocognitive Feedback
Authors: Bernini Marco 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBooming Western interest in mindfulness and meditation has significantly mainstreamed breath and breathing practices, where focussed breathing is taken to be conducive to novel psychological states. Thanks to the regulation of breathing patterns, patterns in our thinking are not just affected but revealed, together with their entanglement with respiration (in a variety of looping effects here considered as ‘biocognitive feedback’). What makes this reciprocal feedback possible is the structural intimacy and co-dependency of breath and consciousness—a dyadic and dynamic relationship already conceptualised by William James, and today reappraised by contemporary, Buddhist-inspired cognitive sciences. Critically integrating psychological, cognitive, phenomenological, and narratological frameworks, this essay investigates the co-dependent intimacy between breath and cognition as represented, explored, and complicated in the narrative work of Samuel Beckett.
Visualising the Ephemeral
Authors: Wilton Jayne 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis essay investigates breath as a fundamental unit of exchange between people and their environment as shown in two collections of Jayne Wilton’s work. The first is a series of technologically empowered portrayals of the breath using innovative scientific techniques to translate universal breathing gestures (the sigh, the laugh, the gasp) into images and objects which allow viewers to re-experience the often-overlooked breath in visual forms. The second, created through participatory workshops with patients and staff in a London hospital, explores the visualisation of breath to highlight ways in which meeting the breath visually can enhance breath awareness and help to articulate the experience of breathlessness. As context and background for this work the essay also discusses a range of depictions of breath in art from the images of the Cueva de las manos (ca. 7300 BCE) to Philippe Rahm’s ‘Pulmonary Space’ (2009).
Our Common Breath: ‘Conspiration’ from the Stoics to the Church Fathers
Authors: Horky Phillip Sidney 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis essay tracks a brief history of the concept of ‘co-breathing’ or ‘conspiration’ (συμπνοία), from its initial conception in Stoic cosmology in the third century BCE to its appropriation in Christian thought at the end of the second century CE. This study focuses on two related strands: first, how the term gets associated anachronistically with two paradigmatic philosopher-physicians, Hippocrates and Pythagoras, by intellectuals in the Early Roman Empire; and second, how the same term provides the early Church Fathers with a means to synthesize and explain discrete notions of ‘breath’ (πνεῦμα) through a repurposing of the pagan concept. Sources discussed include figures associated with Stoic, Pythagorean, and early Christian cosmologies.
Late Antique Cultures of Breath: Politics and the Holy Spirit
Authors: Hunt Thomas E. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractUsing sources from the fourth century CE, Thomas E. Hunt analyses how people imagined breath in late antiquity. Breathing was a way to mark out and understand human difference in the complex social world of the late Roman Empire. In this context, a person’s breath was used to judge the quality of their social relationships. Breath also held cosmic import, for when a person drew in air they participated in the wider structure of the universe. Christian writers described the inner life of God by referring to these models of breath and breathing. In this essay, Hunt shows how social and theological accounts of breathy relation reinforced each other.
The Transformative Power of Breath: Music, Alternative Therapy, and Medieval Practices of Contemplation
Authors: Renevey Denis 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn the absence of information about the role of breathing as part of the contemplative exercises of medieval English mystics, this essay investigates instead modern-day breathing practices as advocated by teachers of brass instruments and modern-day spiritual movements. Arnold Jacobs and Michel Ricquier offer information about breathing techniques for the use of brass musicians that share revealing characteristics with proponents of Holotropic Breathwork, itself influenced by pranayama, the art of breath control. The evidence gathered, once applied to the practice of short-word contemplative exercises encouraged by fourteenth-century mystics, provides ground-breaking information on the transformative power of breath in medieval contemplation.
‘Being Breathed’: From King Lear to Clinical Medicine
Authors: Craik Katharine A. , Chapman Stephen J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis essay explores the therapeutic possibilities opened up by literature for breathless patients today. Focusing on King Lear, it considers Shakespeare’s suggestion that we do not breathe as isolated agents but are instead ‘breathed’ by those who know and observe us. Breath emerges as fundamental to early modern personhood. Many breathless patients today still experience the inseparability of breath and aliveness, and breathlessness becomes ‘a way of life’ as they adapt their sense of what is possible in order to accommodate their condition. This life belongs not only to sufferers, however, but also to those who care for them. Considering recent clinical research on vicarious dyspnoea alongside King Lear reveals the existential and therapeutic potential of breath’s intimate, under-recognised relationality.
The Importance of Fundraising and Endowments: The Role of Private Philanthropy
Authors: Tierney William G. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractColleges and universities in the United States have a unique component as part of their fiscal resources. Most institutions throughout the world rely on (1) federal and/or state funding and (2) tuition revenue to support their university. Many countries also have largely federal funding for research that supports the institution through indirect costs, as well as off-sets for faculty salaries and laboratories.
Taking a Strength-Based Approach: Bringing Student Homes into Schools During a Pandemic
Authors: Hunter Jodie , Hunter Roberta , Tupouniua John , Leach Generosa 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has caused new ways of doing and being, both in education systems and beyond across the world. In the context of Aotearoa/New Zealand, the widely supported government approach focused on the well-being of the nation with a position that saving lives was more important than maintaining an open economy. As researchers and educators, we supported teachers as they worked with their students in their home settings. This provided us with an opportunity to explore a vision of a reinvented system of mathematics education beyond institutional and formal structures of schools. In this chapter, we present the analysis of the responses from 24 educators mainly from low socioeconomic urban settings as they reflected on how they enacted mathematics teaching and learning during the lockdown while connecting with students and their families as well as their subsequent learning from this experience. Results highlighted that the mathematical learning of students went beyond what was accessed by digital means and included parents drawing on rich everyday opportunities. A key finding was that by supporting and privileging the well-being of students and communities, the connections and relationships between educators and families were enhanced.