bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SUMOylated Senataxin functions in genome stability, RNA degradation, and stress granule disassembly, and is linked with inherited ataxia and motor neuron disease
Authors: Bennett Craig L. , La Spada Albert R. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundSenataxin (SETX) is a DNA/RNA helicase critical for neuron survival. SETX mutations underlie two inherited neurodegenerative diseases: Ataxia with Oculomotor Apraxia type 2 (AOA2) and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis type 4 (ALS4).MethodsThis review examines SETX key cellular processes and we hypothesize that SETX requires SUMO posttranslational modification to function properly.ResultsSETX is localized to distinct foci during S‐phase of the cell cycle, and these foci represent sites of DNA polymerase/RNA polymerase II (RNAP) collision, as they co‐localize with DNA damage markers 53BP1 and H2AX. At such sites, SETX directs incomplete RNA transcripts to the nuclear exosome for degradation via interaction with exosome component 9 (Exosc9), a key component of the nuclear exosome. These processes require SETX SUMOylation. SETX was also recently localized within stress granules (SGs), and found to regulate SG disassembly, a process that similarly requires SUMOylation.ConclusionSETX undergoes SUMO modification to function at S‐phase foci in cycling cells to facilitate RNA degradation. SETX may regulate similar processes in non‐dividing neurons at sites of RNAP II bidirectional self‐collision. Finally, SUMOylation of SETX appears to be required for SG disassembly. This SETX function may be crucial for neuron survival, as altered SG dynamics are linked to ALS disease pathogenesis. In addition, AOA2 point mutations have been shown to block SETX SUMOylation. Such mutations induce an ataxia phenotype indistinguishable from those with SETX null mutation, underscoring the importance of this modification.
The value of listening and listening for values in conservation
Authors: Staddon Sam , Byg Anja , Chapman Mollie , Fish Robert , Hague Alice , Horgan Katie 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Listening is a pervasive and significant act of conservation research and praxis, mattering greatly for the realisation of conservation agendas, not least its ambitions to be outward looking and inclusive in approach. Yet, the value and role of listening has been barely explored in a sustained and reflexive way.

This paper is a preliminary schematic of what it might mean to attend to the act of listening, set within the context of a larger field of listening scholarship as well as more specific manoeuvres to embed relational approaches into the study of people and nature interactions.

We explore what it means to 'listen well' within the context of conservation, highlighting the importance of recognising listening as a relationship and our positions and power within those relationships; the need to care for the relationship through respect and empathy; and the building of inclusive relationships of listening by attending to how space and time influences understanding.

We offer examples of how researchers and practitioners can create spaces for listening, illustrating our discussion with personal reflections about listening practices gained through our various conservation and research careers.

We provide approaches and ideas which help the reader—academic and practitioner—to both understand and articulate the value of listening in conservation and relational values of nature. We hope to inspire the wider use of listening‐based approaches in conservation research and practice, and the recognition and support from senior managers and funders of what is needed to promote long‐term and meaningful relationships between people and nature.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Self‐assembly of thiolated versus non‐thiolated peptide amphiphiles
Authors: Egorova Elena A. , Gooris Gert S. , Luther Prianka , Bouwstra Joke A. , Kros Alexander , Boyle Aimee L. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe self‐assembly properties of peptide amphiphiles make them attractive for a range of applications, such as scaffolds for cell culture, drug delivery vehicles, or as stabilizing coatings for nanoparticles. The latter application requires derivatization of the amphiphiles to enable them to bind to, and interact with, a surface. This can be achieved by introduction of a thiol which facilitates binding to gold surfaces for example. However, small changes to the composition of peptide amphiphiles can have a large impact on their self‐assembly behavior. Therefore, we have synthesized and characterized a range of amphiphiles with different peptide sequences, alkyl chain lengths, and with or without a terminal thiol. We have characterized their structure and self‐assembly using circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR‐IR) spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We discuss how changes to the peptide sequence and alkyl chain affect self‐assembly and compare the self‐assembly properties of thiolated and non‐thiolated amphiphiles. Such knowledge not only provides fundamental insights as to how self‐assembly can be controlled, but will also be helpful in determining which amphiphiles are most suitable for use as stabilizing nanoparticle coatings.
Endobronchial actinomycosis in a child
Authors: Goussard Pierre , Rabie Helena , Marshall Michelle , Mfingwana Lunga , Morrison Julie , Ismal Zane , Retief Francois , Nel Pieter , Da Costa Dawood , Andronikou Savvas , Schubert Pawel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractActinomycosis is a rare, indolent and invasive infection caused by Actinomyces species. Pulmonary actinomycosis is very rarely seen in the paediatric population. The classic radiological presentation of thoracic involvement of actinomycosis includes lower lobe consolidation, empyema and periostitis of the ribs. We report a case of endobronchial actinomycosis in a child diagnosed on endobronchial biopsy and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Bronchoscopy can be dangerous when performed on these cases, as there is a risk of severe bleeding and large airway obstruction, as was the case with this patient.
Impact of the Antarctic topography on meridional energy transport and its consequential effect in the monsoon circulation
Authors: Tewari Kamal , Mishra Saroj K. , Fasullo John , Dewan Anupam 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAntarctica has been losing ice in the past, and its ice loss is projected to further enhance in the future due to global warming, causing orographic changes over the region. Such orographic changes are likely to profoundly influence the global climate systems through energy transport over the Southern Hemisphere. The South Asian monsoon system, an anomalous climate system (a transient eddy regionally occurring rigorously during JJAS) originating in the Southern Hemisphere and transporting anomalous energy towards higher latitudes, is also expected to get influenced by its orography. A coupled global climate modelling framework is therefore used in this study to investigate the potential influence of the Antarctic orography on the South Asian monsoon system. The investigation reveals that a reduction in the Antarctic elevation would cause warming over the continent, which will cause changes in the energy budget, with more outgoing long‐wave radiation over Antarctica due to a warmer surface and moist atmosphere aloft. The global climate responds to this perturbation by enhancing the southward energy transport primarily by the atmospheric component via changes in mean flow and eddies from the equatorial region all the way to the South Pole. The monsoon system supports this southward energy transport demand in the Southern Hemisphere by strengthening the mean meridional circulation in the three cells over the Indian Ocean sector. Due to this, the low‐level cross‐equatorial flow enhances over the south equatorial Indian Ocean, which increases the evaporation, and causes changes in precipitation and stationary wave patterns. The sea‐level pressure and surface temperature changes adjust accordingly in response to changes in the circulation. However, rainfall and circulation over the Asian landmass do not change much as the southward energy transport is very much less and is mostly supported by the oceanic components and changes in latent energy over these latitudes.
Tumor Microenvironment Modulation Platform Based on Composite Biodegradable Bismuth–Manganese Radiosensitizer for Inhibiting Radioresistant Hypoxic Tumors
Authors: Liu Jie , Zhang Jing , Song Kang , Du Jun , Wang Xiang , Liu Jinliang , Li Bing , Ouyang Ruizhuo , Miao Yuqing , Sun Yun , Li Yuhao 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSolid tumors possess a unique internal environment with high‐level thiols (mainly glutathione), over‐expressed H2O2, and low oxygen partial pressure, which severely restrict the radiotherapy (RT) efficacy. To overcome the imperfections of RT alone, there is vital to design a multifunctional radiosensitizer that simultaneously achieves multimodal therapy and tumor microenvironment (TME) regulation. Bismuth (Bi)‐based nanospheres are wrapped in the MnO2 layer to form core–shell‐structured radiosensitizer (Bi@Mn) that can effectively load docetaxel (DTX). The solubility of Bi@Mn‐DTX is further improved via folic acid‐modified amphiphilic polyethylene glycol (PFA). Bi@Mn‐DTX‐PFA can specifically respond to the TME to realize multimodal therapy. Primarily, the outer MnO2 layer responds with H2O2 and glutathione to release oxygen and generate •OH, thereby alleviating hypoxia and achieving chemodynamic therapy (CDT). Afterward, the strong coordination between Bi3+ and deprotonated thiol groups in glutathione allows the mesoporous Bi‐containing core bonding with glutathione to form a water‐soluble complex. These actions conduce Bi@Mn‐DTX‐PFA degradation, further releasing DTX to implement chemotherapy (CHT). In addition, the degradation in vivo and tumor enrichment of Bi@Mn‐PFA are explored via T1‐weighted magnetic resonance and computed tomography imaging. The biodegradable composite Bi@Mn‐DTX‐PFA can simultaneously modulate the TME and achieve multimodal treatment (RT/CDT/CHT) for hypoxic tumors.
A Nanowire Nest Structure Comprising Copper Silicide and Silicon Nanowires for Lithium‐Ion Battery Anodes with High Areal Loading
Authors: Collins Gearoid A. , Kilian Seamus , Geaney Hugh , Ryan Kevin M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHigh loading (>1.6 mg cm−2) of Si nanowires (NWs) is achieved by seeding the growth from a dense array of Cu15Si4 NWs using tin seeds. A one‐pot synthetic approach involves the direct growth of CuSi NWs on Cu foil that acts as a textured surface for Sn adhesion and Si NW nucleation. The high achievable Si NW loading is enabled by the high surface area of CuSi NWs and bolstered by secondary growth of Si NWs as branches from both Si and CuSi NW stems, forming a dense Si active layer, interconnected with an electrically conducting CuSi array (denoted Si/CuSi). When employed as Li‐ion battery anodes, the Si/CuSi nest structure demonstrates impressive rate performance, reaching 4.1 mAh cm−2 at C/20, 3.1 mAh cm−2 at C/5, and 0.8 mAh cm−2 at 6C. Also, Si/CuSi shows remarkable long‐term stability, delivering a stable areal capacity of 2.2 mAh cm−2 after 300 cycles. Overall, complete anode fabrication is achieved within a single reaction by employing an inexpensive Sn powder approach.
Phylogenetic analyses and modelling distributions guide conservation of a critically endangered liana species, Eleutharrhena macrocarpa (Menispermaceae)
Authors: Lian Lian , Shen Jian‐Yong , Ortiz Rosa Del C. , Yu Sheng‐Xiang , Chen Zhi‐Duan , Wang Wei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPhylogenetic analyses can provide an accurate identification for endangered species, which is a prerequisite for their conservation. Understanding how threats shape the current realized niche of declining species can effectively improve conservation policies. In this study, we used molecular data to identify the real Eleutharrhena macrocarpa, a critically endangered species in Yunnan, China. A niche reduction approach was used to model its range change by predicting the historic and current distributions. Our subfamily‐wide phylogenetic analyses based on five plastid DNA regions indicate that the E. macrocarpa with pinnate‐nerved leaves is real and is a member of Tiliacoreae, whereas the so‐called E. macrocarpa with triplinerved leaves is actually Haematocarpus subpeltatus, which is for the first time reported to be distributed in China. Our subsequent analyses of Tiliacoreae using seven plastid and two nuclear DNA regions further support Eleutharrhena as a distinctly monotypic genus and as sister to Pycnarrhena. Among the four prevalent barcodes in plants, three plastid DNA fragments (rbcL, matK, trnH‐psbA) failed to discriminate E. macrocarpa from Pycnarrhena; however, nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions could well recognize this endangered species. The distributional range of E. macrocarpa has undergone a dramatic contraction over the last 100 years and may further shrink southwestwards in the future. This dramatic range contraction might be associated with habitat loss due to increasing drought and expansion of rubber plantation. We point out the need for in situ conservation of E. macrocarpa populations, and suggest to establish a large nature reserve in southern and western Yunnan to effectively protect E. macrocarpa and other declining species that exhibit similar distribution and habitat requirements. This study highlights the significance of taxonomy and molecular phylogenetics in biological conservation.
Energy Access in Sub-Saharan Africa: General Context
Authors: Michoud Bruno , Hafner Manfred 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe objective of this chapter is to provide the reader with an overall view of the current situation regarding clean energy access in sub-Saharan Africa, as well as to compare it with other developing and emerging economies. It focuses on the role played by energy in our daily lives and the financing gaps in the power and clean cooking sectors in the subcontinent. This section aims at setting the scene and giving more information about the dramatic energy challenges the region is currently facing.
Direct and Indirect Investments in the Energy Sector
Authors: Michoud Bruno , Hafner Manfred 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis chapter focuses on financial investments, coming either from public or private asset managers and institutions. It has two main targeted readers (without any exclusion): (i) public and private capital providers, with the objective of presenting traditional and alternative financial instruments and schemes capable to align risk-return profiles of several investment opportunities in the clean energy sector, (ii) project developers, in order to increase awareness of the financial mechanisms available in the market.
Capital Markets for the Financing of Clean Energy Access in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Michoud Bruno , Hafner Manfred 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAfter having presented various financial instruments and mechanisms available for financing clean energy access projects and companies, this chapter focuses on a key element enabling an efficient use of some of the schemes exposed in the previous section. Indeed, well-functioning capital markets not only increase the trust of potential capital providers, but also enhance financial flows among countries and actors.
Business Model Adaptation
Authors: Michoud Bruno , Hafner Manfred 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis chapter primarily targets project developers and managers. Apart from the public policies and initiatives, as well as the private financial schemes previously presented, private actions emanating from the persons behind clean energy access projects have also a crucial role to play in the allocation of capital. Capital providers, profit-oriented or not, usually value the way a business is conducted, including how potential risks are managed as well as the capacities of the team to deal with complex situations.
Tests für die Prävention von abschlusspolitischen Ergebnisspaltungen mit aufgegebenen Geschäftsbereichen
Authors: Czupalla Kai 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungIm Kapitel 9 konnten abschlusspolitische Ergebnisspaltungen nur bei Unternehmen mit ineffizienten Unternehmensgrößen i. S. d. Alternativhypothese H1.2 festgestellt werden. Ob diese abschlusspolitischen Ergebnisspaltungen verhindert werden können, wird im vorliegenden Kapitel anhand der Hypothesen aus dem Kapitel 6 und dem Kapitel 7 getestet.
Anomalies from correlation functions in defect conformal field theory
Authors: Herzog Christopher P. , Shamir Itamar 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In previous work, we showed that an anomaly in the one point function of marginal operators is related by the Wess-Zumino condition to the Euler density anomaly on a two dimensional defect or boundary. Here we analyze in detail the two point functions of marginal operators with the stress tensor and with the displacement operator in three dimensions. We show how to get the boundary anomaly from these bulk two point functions and find perfect agreement with our anomaly effective action. For a higher dimensional conformal field theory with a four dimensional defect, we describe for the first time the anomaly effective action that relates the Euler density term to the one point function anomaly, generalizing our result for two dimensional defects.
Posterior vault “free-floating” bone flap: indications, technique, advantages, and drawbacks
Authors: Tamburrini Gianpiero , Offi Martina , Massimi Luca , Frassanito Paolo , Bianchi Federico 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
The enlargement of the posterior cranial fossa volume is considered one of the main steps of the surgical management of children with multiple sutures craniosynostosis. Different management options have been proposed including fixed expansive craniotomy, free bone flap craniotomy, and distraction osteogenesis.

Objectives
To review indications to “free bone flap” craniotomy for the posterior fossa expansion, detailing advantages, disadvantages, and complications related to the technique.

Results and conclusions
A review of the literature shows that “free bone flap” posterior expansion cranioplasty still has a role, particularly in infants with thin and “honeycomb” structure of the bone, allowing to gain adequate intracranial volume increases and to postpone to a more adequate time surgery aimed at anterior cranial fossa expansion.
Assessing local and spatial uncertainty with nonparametric geostatistics
Authors: Thiesen Stephanie , Ehret Uwe 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUncertainty quantification is an important topic for many environmental studies, such as identifying zones where potentially toxic materials exist in the soil. In this work, the nonparametric geostatistical framework of histogram via entropy reduction (HER) is adapted to address local and spatial uncertainty in the context of risk of soil contamination. HER works with empirical probability distributions, coupling information theory and probability aggregation methods to estimate conditional distributions, which gives it the flexibility to be tailored for different data and application purposes. To explore how HER can be used for estimating threshold-exceeding probabilities, it is applied to map the risk of soil contamination by lead in the well-known dataset of the region of Swiss Jura. Its results are compared to indicator kriging (IK) and to an ordinary kriging (OK) model available in the literature. For the analyzed dataset, IK and HER predictions achieve the best performance and exhibit comparable accuracy and precision. Compared to IK, advantages of HER for uncertainty estimation in a fine resolution are that it does not require modeling of multiple indicator variograms, correcting order-relation violations, or defining interpolation/extrapolation of distributions. Finally, to avoid the well-known smoothing effect when using point estimations (as is the case with both kriging and HER), and to provide maps that reflect the spatial fluctuation of the observed reality, we demonstrate how HER can be used in combination with sequential simulation to assess spatial uncertainty (uncertainty jointly over several locations).
Distributed tracing of OPC UA method calls
Authors: Mayr-Dorn Christoph , Pereszteghy Benno , Holzweber Jan , Mayrhofer Michael 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWith increasing digitalization, shopfloor architectures transition to service-oriented, distributed layouts in which the complexity of monitoring communication between systems becomes a major challenge. Distributed tracing assists in establishing causality and hence supports the analysis of latency aspects, wrongly configured communication endpoints, and bottlenecks. In this paper, we present a first feasibility study, which investigates to what extent it is possible to trace OPC UA method calls in a distributed manner using the Zipkin framework. We show how this standard can be used in conjunction with the Eclipse Milo OPC UA open source stack and how it can be integrated into our industry demonstrator “Factory in a Box”.
Gastric epithelial neoplasm of fundic-gland mucosa lineage: proposal for a new classification in association with gastric adenocarcinoma of fundic-gland type
Authors: Ueyama Hiroya , Yao Takashi , Akazawa Yoichi , Hayashi Takuo , Kurahara Koichi , Oshiro Yumi , Yamada Masayoshi , Oda Ichiro , Fujioka Shin , Kusumoto Chiaki , Fukuda Masayoshi , Uchita Kunihisa , Kadota Tomohiro , Oono Yasuhiro , Okamoto Kazuhisa , Murakami Kazunari , Matsuo Yasumasa , Kato Motohiko , Maehata Tadateru , Yahagi Naohisa , Yasuhara Yumiko , Yada Tomoyuki , Uraushihara Koji , Yamane Tetsumi , Matsuo Taiji , Ito Masanori , Maruyama Yasuhiko , Osako Ayumi , Ono Shoko , Kato Mototsugu , Yagi Kazuyoshi , Hashimoto Takashi , Tomita Natsumi , Tsuyama Sho , Saito Tsuyoshi , Matsumoto Kohei , Matsumoto Kenshi , Watanabe Sumio , Uemura Naomi , Chiba Tsutomu , Nagahara Akihito 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Gastric adenocarcinoma of fundic-gland type (GA-FG) is a rare variant of gastric neoplasia. However, the etiology, classification, and clinicopathological features of gastric epithelial neoplasm of fundic-gland mucosa lineage (GEN-FGML; generic term of GA-FG related neoplasm) are not fully elucidated. We performed a large, multicenter, retrospective study to establish a new classification and clarify the clinicopathological features of GEN-FGML.

Methods
One hundred GEN-FGML lesions in 94 patients were collected from 35 institutions between 2008 and 2019. We designed a new histopathological classification of GEN-FGML using immunohistochemical analysis and analyzed via clinicopathological, immunohistochemical, and genetic evaluation.

Results
GEN-FGML was classified into 3 major types; oxyntic gland adenoma (OGA), GA-FG, and gastric adenocarcinoma of fundic-gland mucosa type (GA-FGM). In addition, GA-FGM was classified into 3 subtypes; Type 1 (organized with exposure type), Type 2 (disorganized with exposure type), and Type 3 (disorganized with non-exposure type). OGA and GA-FG demonstrated low-grade epithelial neoplasm, and GA-FGM should be categorized as an aggressive variant of GEN-FGML that demonstrated high-grade epithelial neoplasm (Type 2 > 1, 3). The frequent presence of GNAS mutation was a characteristic genetic feature of GEN-FGML (7/34, 20.6%; OGA 1/3, 33.3%; GA-FG 3/24, 12.5%; GA-FGM 3/7, 42.9%) in mutation analysis using next-generation sequencing.

Conclusions
We have established a new histopathological classification of GEN-FGML and propose a new lineage of gastric epithelial neoplasm that harbors recurrent GNAS mutation. This classification will be useful to estimate the malignant potential of GEN-FGML and establish an appropriate standard therapeutic approach.