bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiological Profile of Ocular Trauma in A Mid-Zonal Hospital of Armed Forces in North-East Region of India
Authors: Chauhan Ravi , Singh Abhinav , Mishra Sanjay , Baranwal VK 
Published: July 2021

Introduction:
ocular trauma is an important cause of preventable ocular morbidity and blindness in addition to socioeconomic and psychological ramifications. The spectrum of ocular trauma ranges from minor injuries to very severe sight threatening injuries. Trauma is inevitable in war zone and routine army exercises. There are very few studies establishing relationship between occupation and ocular trauma in armed forces. This study was conducted to provide us with epidemiological data on ocular trauma cases in a mid-zonal hospital of armed forces in north-east region of India.

Aim:
to analyze the epidemiological profile of patients with ocular trauma among the soldiers of armed forces deployed in north eastern zone.

Materials and Methods:
a prospective study was carried on 210 eyes of 200 patients of ocular trauma, presenting to emergency department and outpatient department in a mid-zonal hospital located at Dimapur, Nagaland, during twenty four months period. All demographic data, mode of injury along with complete ophthalmic workup was recorded. Classification system of Birmingham eye trauma terminology system was followed and ocular trauma score was calculated.

Results:
The best corrected visual acuity at the time of presentation was 6/60 or better among 65%, worse than 6/60 were 25% and 10% were could not perceive light. In gender distribution male outnumbers females 69% and 31% respectively. Most of the cases were belonging to age groups of 30 years and younger 58%. In this study we found out that soldiers working in operations, training, sports and handling machineries (Outdoor) were more prone to trauma > 50% and soldiers of technical trade (Indoor) were least prone 5%. Among the children, school going population was more prone 16% and pre school was less prone being 8%. Adenexal injuries 35% were followed by contusions 25% and perforation being least 2%. Zone I 65% injuries out numbers the zone II and Zone III.

Conclusion:
our study shows that whenever zone III is involved, the prognosis always remains guarded. Trauma is inevitable in war scenario, and for those sustaining trauma, multisurgeon intervention is needed. Wearing protective polycarbonate eye wear will minimize work related and sports related injuries.
Visual Function in Professional Drivers In A Coastal Town of South India and Their Perceptions About Ocular Health
Authors: Hegde Vidya , Jain Rashmi , Shambu Rashmi , Bappal Anupama , Hegde Rajarathna 
Published: July 2021

Introduction:
Good visual function is essential for drivers during driving. Many ocular conditions affect visual function. There is a need for the drivers to undergo ocular evaluation and awareness about eye health would motivate them to do so.

Aim:
To assess vision acuity, field of vision, colour vision, contrast and depth perception of drivers and to assess their knowledge, attitude and practice about ocular health.

Materials and methods:
A cross sectional, descriptive study was done among drivers for duration of six months. (May to October 2016) After obtaining ethics committee approval & informed consent from participants, a detailed ocular evaluation was done. The drivers were given a validated semi-structured self-administered questionnaire that included demographic details and questions pertaining to awareness about ocular health. It was collected on same day. Descriptive statistics was used for analysis of data.

Results:
A total of 102 male drivers participated. The mean age of drivers was 36.19 years (SD ±14.50). Ocular findings observed included refractive errors (n=38), allergic conjunctivitis (n=23), pseudophakia (n=7), diabetic retinopathy (n=4), cataract, pterygium, strabismus and glaucomatous cupping (n=1 each). Vision impairment was seen in 19 drivers. Colour vision was normal in all. None of the drivers had undergone ocular examination at the time of issue or renewal of license or at the time of employment. Sixty drivers were aware that field of vision can be affected by eye diseases. Fifty seven drivers were not aware of about cataract and diabetic retinopathy affecting the vision.

Conclusion:
The study showed good visual function in drivers and they were less knowledgeable about cataract and diabetic retinopathy. They need to undergo periodic ocular evaluation.
Anti-hyperglycemic and Anti-hyperlipidemic effects of Hydroethanol Leaf and Stem Extracts of Vitex doniana in Diabetic Rats
Authors: Atanu Francis O. , Jegede Raphael E. , Apeh Daniel O. , Suleiman Mohammed S. 
Published: July 2021

Anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic effects of hydroethanolic leaf and stem extracts of Vitex doniana on alloxan induced diabetes in rats was evaluated. Thirty (30) male rats were assigned to five (5) groups of six (6) rats each as follows: Group I served as normal control rats and were fed with standard feed and water ad libitum, Group II was induced with diabetes by single intraperitoneal injection of freshly prepared alloxan [150 mg/kg body weight (BW)] to overnight fasted rats but received no treatment, Group III-V were induced with alloxan and treated with 5 mg/kg BW standard drug glibenclamide, 300 mg/kg BW leaf extract and 300 mg/kg BW stem extract of Vitex doniana respectively. The results revealed that the leaf and stem extracts had anti-hyperglycemic activity similar to glibenclamide. Analysis of lipid profile showed that whereas alloxan induced increase in the concentration of total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein and triglycerides, hydroethanolic leaf and stem extracts caused a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the these biomarkers compared to the control. The outcome of this study portrayed that hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia caused by the alloxan can be mitigated by administration of extracts of Vitex doniana.
Bioactive Composition and Acute Oral Toxicity Studies on Persea Americana Seed Ethyl Acetate Fraction
Authors: Asiwe E. S. , Igwe C. U. , Iheanacho K. M. E. , Onyeocha I. O. , Onwuliri V. A. 
Published: July 2021

Aims: Persea americana (P. americana) dubbed ‘green gold’ is a highly sought after fruit today, with insatiable export market. Different parts of avocadoes have been consumed both for nutritional and health benefits across regions of the world. Therefore, this study investigates the bioactive composition of P. americana seed ethyl acetate fraction and acute toxicological effects.
Place and duration of study: Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria; between May 2019 and October, 2019.
Methodology: Quantitative phytochemical composition was assessed using gas chromatography fitted with flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and acute toxicity determined using standard method.
Results: Result of quantitative phytochemical composition of P. americana seed fraction shows a rich presence of phytochemicals such as epicatechin, kaempferol, proanthocyanin, rutin, resveratrol, ribalinidine, naringin, spartein, quinine, flavan-3-ol, anthocyanin, lunamarin, sapogenin, flavonones, flavones. The quantitative phytochemical composition of P. americana seed shows that among other phytochemicals, the seed is relatively rich in anthocyanin, quinine, epicatechin, tannin and proanthocyanin with concentrations of 69.39 ± 8.33 µg/g, 22.16 ±1.77 µg/g, 21.88 ± 2.53 µg/g, 19.86 ± 1.19 µg/g and 10.98 ± 0.55 µg/g respectively. The acute toxicity studies on the seed reveal that the ethyl acetate fraction of P. americana seed did not elicit any lethal signs of morbidity and mortality at doses up to 5000mg/Kgb.wt. and are therefore considered generally safe.
Conclusion: P. americana seed ethyl acetate fraction contains essential phytochemicals with useful phyto-medicinal and nutraceutical benefits. The implications of these findings are further discussed.
Study of Mortality and Morbidity in Neonates with Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
Authors: Elahi Zainab , Afje Seyyed Abolfazl , Kazemian Mohammad , Shariati Maryam , Taleghani Naeeme Taslimi , Fallahi Minoo 
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia may either lead to death or cause several complications such as increased pulmonary artery pressure.
Objective: The present study aimed to compare mortality and morbidity, vasopressor intake, and visceral hernia of CDH neonates with pulmonary hypertension and without pulmonary hypertension in Mahdieh and Mofid hospitals in Tehran.
Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study included 56 neonates with congenital diaphragmatic hernia who were admitted to Mofid and Mahdieh Children's Hospitals from 2014 to 2018. The sample size included 56 people selected based on census method. We compared the pulmonary hypertension and non-pulmonary hypertension groups in variables, such as gender, gestational age, birth weight, place of birth, and type of delivery and we examined relationship between pulmonary hypertension and mortality and morbidity and relationship between mortality and vasopressor intake.
Results: The OR value was calculated to be 1.106, which is significant at the level of 0.004 (p < 0.01). This finding indicated that the chance of death in the group of infants with severe pulmonary hypertension was increased by 1.106. Also, the relationship of visceral hernia (stomach, intestine, liver, kidney, and spleen) to thorax was examined by logistic regression. Only the OR value of liver hernia (9.42) was significant (p < 0.001), indicating that the chance of death was higher in infants with liver hernias. It also the OR value of dopamine, dobutamine, and milrinone was significant (p < 0.01).
Conclusion: In general, the results obtained in our study indicated that the mortality rate in the group of infants with pulmonary hypertension was significantly higher than the group without pulmonary hypertension. Also, liver hernia to thorax was associated with the severity of pulmonary hypertension, and the patients needed medication had a higher chance of death.
Stress and Oral Hygiene Practices among South Kashmiri Residents during COVID-19 Pandemic - A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ashraf Asifa , Menon Ipseeta , Gupta Ritu , Arora Vikram , Das Dipshikha , Ahsan Iram 
Published: July 2021

Background and Objectives: Covid-19 is highly contagious disease and has today become a major public health concern in the developing countries worldwide. This study attempted to assess the knowledge, attitude, anxiety experience, perceived mental healthcare, and oral health among adult Kashmiri population during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: An anonymous online questionnaire was developed using Google forms to avoid person-to-person contact. The structured questionnaire consisted of questions covering several areas: sociodemographic data, knowledge, awareness, attitude about the COVID-19 , the anxiety level, oral hygiene habits during confinement, care and disinfection control behaviours in the dental environment.
Results: Due to continuing conflict in Kashmir during the last 18 years there has been a phenomenal increase in psychiatric morbidity. The results reveal that the prevalence of depression was high 46.3% among Kashmiri residents who were anxious with the thought of COVID-19 virus. In our study it was also found that 66.2% of the responders had a moderate level of knowledge about being getting quarantined and 97.7% of the participants had an adequate knowledge about its preventive aspects. The anxiety levels identified in the study were high i.e. more than 70% of the participants were preoccupied with the COVID-19 pandemic over the past months. Approximately, 42.6% of the participants have been angered and distressed due to being worried about the ongoing pandemic. Oral hygiene and last visit to the dentist were found highly significant in our study i.e. approximately 36.6% of the participants had visited a dentist among which 35.2% had visited only due to consultation advise.
Conclusion: Population of Kashmir had a better mean knowledge score regarding this virus but yet mental health is an integral part of overall health and quality of life. Substantial and sustainable improvements can be achieved only when a comprehensive strategy for mental health which incorporates both prevention and care elements is adopted. There is a need to intensify the awareness and address the mental health issues, and importance of oral hygiene of people during this COVID-19 pandemic.
In vitro Comparative Quality Evaluation of Different Brands of Marketed Paracetamol Tablets Available in Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Mahfuza , Akter Khurshida , Sarker Md. Shahin , Sharna Jinat Fatema , Wahed Mir Imam Ibne 
Published: July 2021

Aim: This study was performed to evaluate the quality of five brands of Paracetamol 500mg tablets from different manufacturers.
Methods: The general quality parameters of these tablets like weight variation, hardness, thickness, diameter, friability, disintegration time and also dissolution time were evaluated according to the established protocols. For measuring weight variation, an electric analytical balance was used. The hardness, thickness and diameter were determined by an automated hardness tester. Friability was measured by a friabilator. Disintegration time and dissolution time were analyzed by disintegration apparatus and dissolution tester respectively.
Results: In this study, all the five brands of the tablets passed the BP or USP standards for in vitro evaluation tests with a very slight deviation. All brands complied with the standards for weight variation (550.1±5.88 mg to 631.1±4.71 mg), hardness (121.60±6.6 N to 220.20±7.6), disintegration time (3 minutes 15 seconds to 5 minutes 30 seconds). However, in case of friability, although brand A showed slight deviation, the remaining had shown the satisfactory results with the standard. In addition, the drug release rate of different brands of paracetamol was satisfactory within 30 minutes and ranged from 90.88% to 103.75%.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that almost all the tablets of paracetamol purchased from retail outlets in Bangladesh are manufactured and marketed according to GMP. Further work is recommended on bioequivalence of these tablets.
Adhesive Capsulitis of Shoulder Emphasising on Restorative and Compensatory Management: A Case Study
Authors: Waghale Vedantika , Guhe Akshata , Ambad Ranjit , Bankar Nandkishor 
Published: July 2021

Adhesive capsulitis more commonly periarthritis of shoulder is a common condition characteristic by pain, stiffness and restricted range of motion leading to difficulty in household activities, overhead reach and complexity in daily activities. This condition affects around two million - mostly women between the ages of 40 and 60. Some experts say changing levels of hormones may be to blame for this connection between adhesive capsulitis and menopause. This is a case study of Mrs. R a 55-year-old female presenting complain of left-sided shoulder pain and restricted movement. These symptoms started gradually but over time they began to affect her general quality of life and morale. Pain increased, particularly at night leaving her extremely tired during the daytime and she started to experience problems especially when dressing. After conducting a thorough examination, which included assessment of active and passive range of movements (rom), x rays and diagnostic special tests we reached a diagnosis of adhesive capsulitis of left shoulder The conservative management remains the mainstay treatment of adhesive capsulitis
With using soft tissue mobilization treatment techniques in combination with a home exercise programmed with active assisted exercise. Here in this case study, we are emphasizing on the restorative and compensatory management decreasing the hours of OPD visits and promoting home program
Incidence of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Nostrils of Mouau Students
Authors: Okoh Miracle I. , Odoemena Philip C. , Amanze Emmanuel K. , Peter Jane K. , Azubuike Eberechukwu O. , Nwokafor Chibuzo V. , Omaba Justina O. 
Published: July 2021

Aim: This study is carried out to determine the prevalence of nasal carriage of staphylococcus aureus among Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike (MOUAU) students and determine the antibiotics susceptibility pattern.
Methods: Nasal swab specimens collected from the anterior nares were cultured on mannitol salt agar. S.aureus isolates were identified by mannitol fermentation, coagulase positivity and catalase positivity. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed on Meuller-Hinton Agar (MHA) by modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method.
Result: Out of the 100 swabs collected, S.aureus was isolated from 60% of the samples. Among colonized students, 63.3% (n=38) were from male students whereas 36.7% (n=22) were from female. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the Staphylococcus aureus isolates indicates that Staphylococcus aureus isolates showed high rate of sensitivity towards antibiotics as follows; Gentamycin (81.67%), followed by Ciprofloxacin (80%), Levofloxacin (76.67%), Ceftriaxone (58.33%), and resistance towards antibiotics Imipenem (100%) followed by Cefotaxime (90%), Cefexime (83.33%), Cefoxitin (65%), azithromycin (55%) and cefuroxime (50%).
Conclusion: This study showed a high rate of nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus among MOUAU students and a high incidence of antibiotics resistant Staphylococcus aureus carriage.
Bacteriological and Physicochemical Quality of Mono-pumps and Boreholes used as Sources of Domestic Water Supply in Abonnema Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Ibietela Douglas Salome , Alabo Alambo, Ayaba , Omokaro Obire, 
Published: July 2021

Aim: This study was carried out to compare the bacteriological and physicochemical qualities of boreholes and mono-pumps water samples used as sources of domestic water supply, in Abonnema Community, Akuku-Toru Local Government Area, Rivers State.
Methodology: A total of forty-eight water samples were collected twice monthly for four months and evaluated. The bacteriological parameters such as total heterotrophic bacterial, total coliform, faecal coliform, Vibrio, Salmonella - Shigella and Pseudomonas were analyzed using standard microbiological methods. The coliform was determined using the Most Probable number technique while, the physicochemical parameters were determined using Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater.
Results: The total heterotrophic bacterial, coliform, faecal coliform, Vibrio, Salmonella-Shigella and Pseudomonas counts of the borehole samples ranged from 7.2×102 - 2.4×103, 2.3×102–4.0×102, 3.6×102-4.8×102, 7.3×102-1.4×103, 2.1×102-2.8×102 and 0.0×100Cfu/ml, respectively. The total heterotrophic bacterial counts, coliform counts, faecal coliform counts, Vibrio counts, Salmonella-Shigella counts and Pseudomonas counts for the mono-pump samples ranged from: 1.1×103- 1.8×103, 2.0×102– 9.1×102, 2.4×102- 3.8×102, 4.5×102-8.6×102, 1.4×102 - 4.2×102 and 0.0×100Cfu/ml, respectively. The bacterial genera identified were: Bacillus, Lynsinibacillus, Staphylococcus, Vibrio, Serratia, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Shigella, Salmonella, Paenibacillus, Aeromonas and Geobacillus. The means of physicochemical parameters for borehole and mono-pump, respectively were: alkalinity: 41.72±0.01-60.85±0.20 and 29.14±0.01-214.87±1.36mg/l; BOD: 8.26±0.01-10.44±0.0 and 5.12±0.01-5.79±0.01; COD: 126.52±0.01-172.41±0.04 and 83.20±0.44-218.00±0.57; DO: 6.31±0.01 and 3.05±0.07-8.29±0.01; calcium: 5.10±0.28-; 4.83±0.00-10.15±0.00 and 2.71±0.00-14.04±0.00; iron: 2.01±0.00-3.37±0.00 and 1.90±0.00-4.73±0.00; lead: 0.38±0.00-1.07±0.00 and 1.24±0.00-1.63±0.00; nitrate: 0.42±0.00-1.08±0.00 and 1.14±0.00-1.75±0.00; zinc:1.10±0.00-3.18±0.00 and 0.39±0.00-1.82±0.00; phosphate: 0.03±0.00-0.13±0.00 and 0.15±0.00-0.87±0.00; pH: 6.54±0.00-7.05±0.07 and 6.29±0.00-6.93±0.01; salinity: 4.02±0.00-5.14±0.00 and 2.83±0.00-5.88±0.00; total organic carbon: 1.39±0.01-2.81±0.010 and 1.64±0.00-3.42±0.01; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon: 32.69±0.00-55.73±0.00 and 45.10±0.00-61.49±0.00mg/l; total petroleum hydrocarbon:58.90±0.00-66.15±0.00 and 60.31±0.00-92.11±0.00 mg/l.
Conclusion: The high counts of bacterial groups of public health importance identified from this study, including the presence of: COD, DO, Fe, Pb, Phosphate, Zinc, TPH and PAH in high concentrations reveals contamination of the water sources. Thus, treatment before drinking is recommended.
Implementation of a real‐time, ultrasound‐guided prostate HDR brachytherapy program
Authors: Smith Blake R. , Strand Sarah A. , Dunkerley David , Flynn Ryan T. , Besemer Abigail E. , Kos Jennifer D. , Caster Joseph M. , Wagner Bonnie S. , Kim Yusung 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis work presents a comprehensive commissioning and workflow development process of a real‐time, ultrasound (US) image‐guided treatment planning system (TPS), a stepper and a US unit. To adequately benchmark the system, commissioning tasks were separated into (1) US imaging, (2) stepper mechanical, and (3) treatment planning aspects. Quality assurance US imaging measurements were performed following the AAPM TG‐128 and GEC‐ESTRO recommendations and consisted of benchmarking the spatial resolution, accuracy, and low‐contrast detectability. Mechanical tests were first used to benchmark the electronic encoders within the stepper and were later expanded to evaluate the needle free length calculation accuracy. Needle reconstruction accuracy was rigorously evaluated at the treatment planning level. The calibration length of each probe was redundantly checked between the calculated and measured needle free length, which was found to be within 1 mm for a variety of scenarios. Needle placement relative to a reference fiducial and coincidence of imaging coordinate origins were verified to within 1 mm in both sagittal and transverse imaging planes. The source strength was also calibrated within the interstitial needle and was found to be 1.14% lower than when measured in a plastic needle. Dose calculations in the TPS and secondary dose calculation software were benchmarked against manual TG‐43 calculations. Calculations among the three calculation methods agreed within 1% for all calculated points. Source positioning and dummy coincidence was tested following the recommendations of the TG‐40 report. Finally, the development of the clinical workflow, checklists, and planning objectives are discussed and included within this report. The commissioning of real‐time, US‐guided HDR prostate systems requires careful consideration among several facets including the image quality, dosimetric, and mechanical accuracy. The TPS relies on each of these components to develop and administer a treatment plan, and as such, should be carefully examined.