bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HuR Regulates Functions of Paneth Cells in the Intestinal Epithelium by Altering Apical TLR2 Distribution through Control of CNPY3 Expression
Authors: Xiao Lan , Li Xiaoxue , Cai Jiazhong , Chung Hee K. , Jaladanki Rao N. , Wang Jian‐Ying 
Published: June 2021

The mammalian intestinal epithelium is a vigorously self‐renewing tissue in the body and its homeostasis and functions depend on a dynamic balance among multiple cell activities. Paneth cells in the gut epithelium are localized at the base of the crypt area and play an important role in the mucosal renewal and defense. Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) regulates Paneth cell functions, but the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. RNA‐binding protein HuR is highly expressed in the intestinal epithelium and acts as a key biological regulator of mucosal homeostasis by controlling stability and translation of the target mRNAs. Conditional deletion of HuR in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) inhibits epithelial renewal and delays mucosal healing after acute injury. The current study was to test the hypothesis that HuR regulates Paneth cell functions in the intestinal epithelium via TLRs.MethodsStudies were conducted in IEC tissue‐specific HuR knockout (IE‐HuR−/−) mice, primary intestinal organoids, and IECs (lines of Caco‐2 and IEC‐6). HuR levels in vitro and ex vivo were decreased by transfection with specific siRNA (siHuR) or increased by its gene overexpression. TLR levels were determined by Western blotting analysis and their cellular distribution was examined by immunohistochemistry.ResultsThe HuR‐deficient intestinal epithelium exhibited obvious abnormalities in Paneth cell functions in vivo and ex vivo. The numbers of Paneth cells (lysozyme‐positive cells) in the small intestinal mucosa decreased in mice with ablated HuR compared with those in control littermates. Similarly, primarily cultured HuR‐deficient organoids isolated from IE‐HuR−/− mice also displayed a significant reduction in Paneth cells. HuR deletion also specifically disrupted cellular distribution of TLR2 in the small intestinal epithelium, as shown by a decrease in the levels of apical TLR2 but not TLR4, although it failed to alter total TLR levels. HuR silencing by transfection with siHuR also reduced the levels of membrane TLR2, along with an increase in cytosolic TLR2 in cultured IECs. Mechanistically, HuR directly interacted with the mRNA encoding CNPY3 that was necessary for TLR trafficking to cell surface. HuR silencing inhibited CNPY3 translation without effect on its total mRNA levels.ConclusionsThese results indicate that 1) HuR is crucial for Paneth cell functions; 2) HuR maintains the apical surface distribution of TLR2; and 2) HuR regulates subcellular trafficking of TLR2 by altering CNPY3 expression posttranscriptionally.Support or Funding InformationNIH‐NIDDK (JYW) and Department of Veterans Affairs (JYW&RNJ)This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Influence of Genistein and Exercise on Lipid Metabolism in High Fat‐High Sugar Fed Mice
Authors: Fisher Amy , St Aubin Chaheyla , Broderick Thomas , Al‐Nakkash Layla 
Published: June 2021

Intake of diets high in saturated fat with sugar have been associated with chronic diseases including type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study varied diet and exercise and assessed the changes in adipose metabolism by measuring serum markers, hepatosteatosis, and skeletal muscle lipid metabolism. Male and female 5–6 week old C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned one of the following groups for 12 weeks (n=8–10/group): lean control (Ln), high fat diet, HFD (60% of calories from fat), and high sucrose/fructose (42 g combined/L drinking water) (HFHS), HFHS with genistein (Gen), HFHS with exercise (Ex), or HFHS with genistein and exercise (Gen‐Ex). Exercise consisted of 150 min/week forced treadmill running. Genistein dose was 600 mg genistein/kg HFD. We hypothesize that Ex and Gen will improve deficits in lipid metabolism associated with diabetes and obesity. Males and females had significant weight increase in HFHS groups compared to Ln groups (40.8% and 27.5% respectively, P<0.05). In males, body weight was significantly lower in Ex (8.9%), Gen (19.2%) and Gen‐Ex mice (32.6%, P<0.05) compared to HFHS controls. In females, body weight was significantly lower in the Gen‐Ex (20.7%, P<0.05) compared to HFHS controls. Weight loss was not attributed to reduced food intake, nor correlated to comparable changes in serum triglyceride. Male liver weight/body weight was increased in HFHS (31.8%, P<0.05) versus Ln, and subsequently reduced by Ex (23.5%), Gen (39%) and Gen‐Ex (52%, P<0.05) compared to HFHS controls. Female liver/body weight was comparable between groups. Glucose tolerance tests (GTT) in subgroups of mice (n=3–5/group) showed rescue of serum glucose in Gen‐Ex males (not females), which reflected concomitant changes in serum insulin. Protein expression of the skeletal muscle lipid metabolism marker, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1b (CPT1b) was greater (80.5%, n=5/group, P<0.05) in males fed HFHS compared to Ln controls, with no differences in treatment interventions. We aim to provide mechanistic evidence for sex‐dependent effects and to demonstrate an association between genistein‐ and exercise‐mediated improvements in diet induced diabetic‐obesity. Current studies continue to evaluate other metabolic markers. Data currently suggests significant weight changes are not correlated with concomitant changes in skeletal muscle lipid metabolism markers.Support or Funding InformationLayla Al‐Nakkash, and Tom Broderick were supported by Midwestern‐Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium and Midwestern Intramural funds. Amy Fisher and Chaheyla St Aubin were supported by the Department of Biomedical Sciences.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
The role of Vitamin K and spinach rich in Vitamin K on functional recovery of injured rabbit sciatic nerve
Authors: Meraiyebu Ajibola Bart , Iho Herbert 
Published: June 2021

The aim of the present study was to evaluate functional recovery in injured rabbit sciatic nerve using vitamin k and spinach. A total of 4 matured rabbits were used for the study. The rabbits were first trained to walk in the walking tract apparatus after which the normal Sciatic Function Index was obtained and calculated. A Cut‐induced peripheral nerve injury was performed on the sciatic nerves of rabbits in the four study groups after which the Sciatic Function Index of the rabbits were obtained using a walking tract apparatus a day after injury and subsequently one to three weeks after treatment with vitamin k and spinach. Rabbit 1 was not injured and was not treated, rabbit 2 was injured without treatment, rabbit 3 was injured and treated with 3ml/kg of spinach juice and rabbit 4 was injured and treated with 2g/kg vitamin k supplement. The Sciatic Function Index results show a percentage recovery in rabbit 3 an 4 after injury and treatment with vitamin k and spinach, while they were no significant change in the percentage recovery of the rabbit 2 (injured without treatment). The results obtained from rabbit 2 (injured without treatment) show recovery index of 0.18 and this was used to calculate the percentage recovery obtained to be 0.3%. The rabbit 3 (injured and treated with spinach) showed recovery index of 15.05 and this was used to calculate the percentage recovery obtained to be 21%, the result however justify some conclusion that spinach has functional recovery on injured sciatic nerve. The rabbit 4 (injured and treated with vitamin k) showed recovery index of 31.11 and this was used to calculate the percentage recovery obtained to be 39%, the result however support the role of vitamin K in sphingolipid metabolism and its modulation status and also the activation of vitamin k dependent proteins. The percentage recovery continued to increase in the injured rabbit treated with vitamin k and spinach and these results suggest and support the use of vitamin k for acceleration of peripheral nerve regeneration.Support or Funding InformationNilThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
The Use of Surface Anatomy in Emergency Interventional Procedures: A Mixed Methods Analysis Comparing the Procedural Approaches of Clinicians
Authors: Fillmore Erin 
Published: June 2021

A good knowledge of surface anatomy forms an essential part of safe and effective clinical practice for many healthcare specialties. Understanding and using surface anatomy is key to interpreting normal anatomy on medical images and being able to describe the location, appearance and relationships of palpable anatomical structures. It is the definition of usable anatomy. However, evidence shows that even though clinicians rank surface anatomy as an essential aspect of anatomy needed to succeed in training, the way in which qualified clinicians use surface anatomical landmarks for common procedures varies greatly. This two‐phase sequential explanatory mixed methods study explored how practising emergency medicine and surgical clinicians, at various levels of qualification, use surface anatomy in order to perform a cricothyroidotomy, thoracostomy and/or thoracotomy. It examined what surface anatomy is used, how it is used, why it was used, and explored clinicians' perceptions of the importance of surface anatomy in performing these procedures. Using this case study example, the findings illustrate that inconsistencies exist in the use and application of surface anatomy in practice. It highlights the need to more fully understand how surface anatomy is being used across specialities, across procedures and across levels of training. Finally, this study has shown there is a need for improved applied training in landmarking for core procedures that require a comprehensive knowledge of surface anatomy. Only in understanding the most common misconceptions and inconsistencies in surface anatomy's use and application, can current guidelines help shape future teaching of the subject.Support or Funding InformationNoneThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Structure and Function of Mammalian SWI/SNF Chromatin Remodeling Complexes in Human Disease
Authors: Kadoch Cigall 
Published: June 2021

Recent exome‐ and genome‐wide sequencing studies in human cancer have unmasked a striking frequency of mutations in the genes encoding subunits of the mammalian SWI/SNF (mSWI/SNF) family of ATP‐dependent chromatin remodeling complexes. Our laboratory uses biochemistry, structural biology, systems biology, and functional genomics‐based approaches to define the mechanisms of chromatin and gene regulation carried out by the mSWI/SNF family of regulators. Using a collection of approaches, we recently defined the architecture and assembly pathway across three mSWI/SNF complex classes: canonical BAF, PBAF, and a newly‐defined complex, ncBAF, and defined the requirements of each subunit for complex formation and stability. In addition, we have studied rare, genetically well‐defined pediatric cancers including synovial sarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, malignant rhabdoid tumor and others, all of which involve BAF complex perturbations as critical drivers of their oncogenic programs. These studies have informed the diverse mechanisms underlying mSWI/SNF complex targeting and function and have provided new foundations for therapeutic development.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Histology of the Internal Reproductive Organs of the Female Oryx (Oryx leucoryx)
Authors: Rodriguez‐Sosa Jose Rafael , Ruiz Saul R , Townsend Kathryn Elizabeth 
Published: June 2021

The Arabian oryx has been listed as a vulnerable species. Its conservation and propagation are aided with the deep knowledge of the anatomy of the reproductive system. Nowadays, there is a description of the gross anatomy of this system, but not on its microanatomy. In order to describe the histological features of the internal reproductive organs of the Oryx leucoryx, the ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina were collected at necropsy of an adult (6‐year‐old) female oryx and immersed in 4% buffer formalin. Representative samples from each organ were taken and processed for routine histology. Tissue sections of 5 μm were mounted, stained with H&E, and evaluated under light microscope. The ovaries (16 mm in length) are covered by a simple cuboidal epithelium, the germinal epithelium. Beneath this epithelium is a layer of dense connective tissue, the tunica albuginea. The tunica covers the cortex, which in turn encloses the medulla. The cortical stroma merges indistinctly with the medulla and embeds few follicles at several stages of development and a corpus luteum. A large number of corpus albicans are located in the cortex. A rich bed of blood vessels of several sizes are present in the medulla, especially at the hilum zone. The uterine tubes (80 mm in length) are muscular ducts, which are comprised of a serosa, muscularis, lamina propria, and epithelium. The muscularis is mainly constituted of circular smooth muscle covered by a thin layer of longitudinal fibers. The mucosa has longitudinal folds and is made of a pseudostratified epithelium with ciliated and non‐ciliated cells. The bicornuate uterus lacks a body and each horn opens in a cervix. The uterine horns (140 mm in length) have several layers, from outer to inner: a serosa, muscularis, lamina propria, and mucosa. The muscularis contains two layers of smooth muscle, an inner circular layer and an outer longitudinal one. A rich vascular stratum separates these layers. The mucosa is lined by a pseudostratified epithelium. Simple coiled glands are present in the lamina propria. Nonglandular regions with highly cellular elevations are present in the mucosa, the caruncles. The mucosa of each cervix contains four dense rings lined by longitudinal folds made of a stratified squamous epithelium. Numerous glands are located in the lamina propria and contain simple columnar epithelium. The vaginal wall was made of a serosa (cranial region) or adventitia (caudal region), muscularis, lamina propria and mucosa. The inner layer of the muscularis consisted of circular smooth muscle fibers enclosed by longitudinal fibers. The mucosa is made of stratified squamous epithelium. In summary, the histology of the internal reproductive organs of the oryx is similar to that of other mammalian species, especially ruminants.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Medical Students First Experience in Human Cadaver Dissection Across Culture
Authors: Gemechu Jickssa M. , Hussein Inaya Hajj , Wasserman Jason A. , Meguid Eiman Abdel , Barremkala Mallikarjuna , Jurjus Abdo 
Published: June 2021

While the teaching of anatomy has evolved over the centuries, the cadaver remains its major resource at most medical schools. Approaching the embalmed human body for the first time induces a range of feelings which develop and change throughout an anatomy course. However, the background, cultural views, and experiences students bring to the dissection experience likely influence their reactions and the trajectory of their acclimation to dissection. This survey assessed the self‐rated importance of cultural views and emotional reactions among medical students from different cultural backgrounds. First year medical students from Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine (US), American University of Beirut (Lebanon), and Queens University Belfast (Northern Ireland) completed a survey one week before exposure to cadaver dissection (Time 1) and one week after cadaver dissection (Time 2). In terms of self‐reported effect of cultural views on experiences during dissection, the three groups manifested significant differences from each other, with students in the U.S. having the highest levels at Time 1 (Mean=2.30), followed by students in Lebanon (Mean=1.81), and then students in Northern Ireland (Mean=1.46; F=13.07; p<0.001). In terms of the emotions at Time 1, students in Northern Ireland reported the lowest level (Mean=2.28), followed by students in the U.S. (Mean=3.00), and those in Lebanon (Mean=3.16). F= 11.96; p<001). However, the three groups did not show any significant differences on this measure at Time 2. Finally, with respect to dissection as an anxiety‐provoking experience, students in Northern Ireland showed the lowest scores at Time 1 (Mean=1.70), compared to US (Mean=2.45) and Lebanon (Mean=2.36). While both students in the U.S. (Mean=2.11) and Northern Ireland (Mean=1.56) showed some decrease in reported anxiety at Time 2, students in Lebanon showed a much more dramatic decrease (Mean=1.60). Aggregate differences in reported anxiety at Time 2 were significant (F=6.78;p=0.001), driven by the pairwise difference between U.S. students and the other groups. In conclusion, this study suggests that students self‐perceive their cultural views as relatively unimportant in the dissection experience, yet significant group differences between students from different cultural context were observed. There appear to be differences between groups nested these different cultural contexts, not only prior to the dissection experience, but also in terms of how they acclimate to the emotional experiences during dissection. Additionally, while often the U.S. is considered acultural compared to other regions, the U.S. group reports significantly higher levels of importance on this measure than those from Northern Ireland or Lebanon.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Drawing and Peer Teaching Through Illustrations in a Cadaveric‐based Undergraduate Human Anatomy Program
Authors: Robson Naomi Ying , Albabish William , Jadeski Lorraine 
Published: June 2021

The University of Guelph offers dissection‐based human anatomy courses to a large cohort of over 1000 undergraduate students per academic year. The third‐year class is the largest, comprised of students enrolled in the Human Kinetics and Bio‐Medical Sciences degree programs. Students attend weekly lectures that introduce the anatomy in a regional‐based approach. Lectures are taught using PowerPoint slides supplemented with interactive activities, including progressive schematic drawings demonstrating anatomical structures and relationships. Weekly cadaver‐based laboratories follow.Literature indicates extensive benefits to drawing in human anatomy education. Its integration has been positively associated with visual literacy and hand‐eye coordination. Drawing improves student awareness of anatomical details, by facilitating reasoning and deeper understanding of anatomical concepts. Additionally, drawing could promote peer teaching, for example, by encouraging students to create anatomical illustrations for their peers to use as study resources, therefore mutually benefiting both the illustrator‐instructor and learner.Registered course students with interest in drawing were invited to attend weekly sessions (n=48). The first half an hour involved a surface anatomy review lesson in tandem with the weekly laboratory goals. Participants were then allotted two hours to explore and draw from various cadaveric prosections related to the discussed region. Moreover, to promote peer teaching, students worked one‐on‐one with a graduate student to design an illustration‐based learning resource for their fellow peers of a region the student perceived as challenging.Preliminary results suggest a positive correlation between drawing and the understanding of anatomical structures, depth, relationships, and overall concepts. Additionally, the production and use of peer‐developed learning tools presents similar benefits.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Anti‐Inflammatory effect and bone protection of kefir peptides in a rat model of adjuvant‐induced rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Lai Yun‐Wen , Ko Chi‐Hua , Chen Hsiao‐Ling , Chen Chuan‐Mu 
Published: June 2021

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease affecting 1% of people in the world. The pathological characteristics include synovial inflammation, bone erosion, and joint structure damage. Furthermore, the inflammatory responses of rheumatoid arthritis attract immune cells to aggregate in joints and release cytokines to cause bone erosion. Kefir is a kind of dairy product that contains a variety of Lactobacillus and yeast. Our previous studies have shown that kefir peptides derived from kefir fermented product can reduce lung inflammation by inhibiting the NF‐κB pathway, but the anti‐inflammatory effect of kefir peptides on RA is still unknown. To investigate the anti‐inflammatory effect of kefir peptides on RA, kefir peptides were utilized to treat the rat model of adjuvant‐induced arthritis. The animals were divided into normal, arthritis‐induced, kefir‐treating and drug control groups. Each group was treated with water, kefir peptides, and Tofacitinib, respectively, for 14 days and the severity of arthritis was tracked by ultrasound scanning. The kefir‐treating group has lower arthritis score than the arthritis‐induced group, and the ultrasonography showed decreased severity of the bone erosion of the ankle joint after kefir peptides treatment. The histological severity score of arthritis in hind paws also showed the kefir‐treating group has lower than the arthritis‐induced group. These results indicate that kefir peptides may have an anti‐inflammatory effect and reduce the bone erosion of ankle joint. This study confirmed that kefir peptides is a potentially promising substance for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. In the future, the serum levels of TNF‐α, IL‐6, RANKL, and NF‐κB will be determined to verify the mechanisms of the anti‐inflammatory effect of kefir peptides.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
The Role of Epigenetic Changes in Pancreatic Beta Cells in Diabetes
Authors: Alhazzaa Rasha , Antonei Csoka 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionDiabetes mellitus is a condition in which either the pancreas does not produce enough insulin, or the cells of the body do not respond properly to the insulin produced, resulting in high levels of sugar in the bloodstream. We hypothesized that epigenetic changes in pancreatic beta cells in the pancreas, the main insulin‐producing cells in the body, may contribute to the etiology of diabetes.MethodsTo test this hypothesis, we treated human pancreatic beta cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) with either high (20 mM) or low (2 mM) glucose for 14 days.ResultsWe found epigenetic changes in several hundred genes, including those involved in many signaling pathways, especially glucose metabolism and insulin secretion. Other pathways affected were those involved in oxytocin metabolism, gastric acid secretion, calcium signaling, and adrenergic signaling.ConclusionOur study suggests that diabetes may, at least in part, be caused by epigenetic changes in pancreatic beta cells.
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imageThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.