bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long noncoding RNA ERLR mediates epithelial-mesenchymal transition of retinal pigment epithelial cells and promotes experimental proliferative vitreoretinopathy
Authors: Yang Shuai , Li Hui , Yao Haipei , Zhang Yao , Bao Huiqian , Wu Liangjing , Zhang Conghui , Li Min , Feng Le , Zhang Jingfa , Zheng Zhi , Xu Guotong , Wang Fang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractProliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is a disease that causes severe blindness and is characterized by the formation of contractile fibrotic subretinal or epiretinal membranes. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells is a hallmark of PVR. This work aims to examine the role of a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) named EMT-related lncRNA in RPE (ERLR, LINC01705-201 (ENST00000438158.1)) in PVR and to explore the underlying mechanisms. In this study, we found that ERLR is upregulated in RPE cells stimulated with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 as detected by lncRNA microarray and RT-PCR. Further studies characterized full-length ERLR and confirmed that it is mainly expressed in the cytoplasm. In vitro, silencing ERLR in RPE cells attenuated TGF-β1-induced EMT, whereas overexpressing ERLR directly triggered EMT in RPE cells. In vivo, inhibiting ERLR in RPE cells reduced the ability of cells to induce experimental PVR. Mechanistically, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays indicated that the transcription factor TCF4 directly binds to the promoter region of ERLR and promotes its transcription. ERLR mediates EMT by directly binding to MYH9 protein and increasing its stability. TCF4 and MYH9 also mediate TGF-β1-induced EMT in RPE cells. Furthermore, ERLR is also significantly increased in RPE cells incubated with vitreous PVR samples. In clinical samples of PVR membranes, ERLR was detected through fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and colocalized with the RPE marker pancytokeratin (pan-CK). These results indicated that lncRNA ERLR is involved in TGF-β1-induced EMT of human RPE cells and that it is involved in PVR. This finding provides new insights into the mechanism and treatment of PVR.
Impairment in inflammasome signaling by the chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from cystic fibrosis patients results in an increase in inflammatory response
Authors: Phuong Melissa S. , Hernandez Rafael E. , Wolter Daniel J. , Hoffman Lucas R. , Sad Subash 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPseudomonas aeruginosa is a common respiratory pathogen in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients which undergoes adaptations during chronic infection towards reduced virulence, which can facilitate bacterial evasion of killing by host cells. However, inflammatory cytokines are often found to be elevated in CF patients, and it is unknown how chronic P. aeruginosa infection can be paradoxically associated with both diminished virulence in vitro and increased inflammation and disease progression. Thus, we investigated the relationship between the stimulation of inflammatory cell death pathways by CF P. aeruginosa respiratory isolates and the expression of key inflammatory cytokines. We show that early respiratory isolates of P. aeruginosa from CF patients potently induce inflammasome signaling, cell death, and expression of IL-1β by macrophages, yet little expression of other inflammatory cytokines (TNF, IL-6 and IL-8). In contrast, chronic P. aeruginosa isolates induce relatively poor macrophage inflammasome signaling, cell death, and IL-1β expression but paradoxically excessive production of TNF, IL-6 and IL-8 compared to early P. aeruginosa isolates. Using various mutants of P. aeruginosa, we show that the premature cell death of macrophages caused by virulent bacteria compromises their ability to express cytokines. Contrary to the belief that chronic P. aeruginosa isolates are less pathogenic, we reveal that infections with chronic P. aeruginosa isolates result in increased cytokine induction due to their failure to induce immune cell death, which results in a relatively intense inflammation compared with early isolates.
Population genomics and conservation management of a declining tropical rodent
Authors: von Takach Brenton , Penton Cara E. , Murphy Brett P. , Radford Ian J. , Davies Hugh F. , Hill Brydie M. , Banks Sam C. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractConservation management is improved by incorporating information about the spatial distribution of population genetic diversity into planning strategies. Northern Australia is the location of some of the world’s most severe ongoing declines of endemic mammal species, yet we have little genetic information from this regional mammal assemblage to inform a genetic perspective on conservation assessment and planning. We used next-generation sequencing data from remnant populations of the threatened brush-tailed rabbit-rat (Conilurus penicillatus) to compare patterns of genomic diversity and differentiation across the landscape and investigate standardised hierarchical genomic diversity metrics to better understand brush-tailed rabbit-rat population genomic structure. We found strong population structuring, with high levels of differentiation between populations (FST = 0.21–0.78). Two distinct genomic lineages between the Tiwi Islands and mainland are also present. Prioritisation analysis showed that one population in both lineages would need to be conserved to retain at least ~80% of alleles for the species. Analysis of standardised genomic diversity metrics showed that approximately half of the total diversity occurs among lineages (δ = 0.091 from grand totalγ = 0.184). We suggest that a focus on conserving remnant island populations may not be appropriate for the preservation of species-level genomic diversity and adaptive potential, as these populations represent a small component of the total diversity and a narrow subset of the environmental conditions in which the species occurs. We also highlight the importance of considering both genomic and ecological differentiation between source and receiving populations when considering translocations for conservation purposes.
Organic matter and water from asteroid Itokawa
Authors: Chan Q. H. S. , Stephant A. , Franchi I. A. , Zhao X. , Brunetto R. , Kebukawa Y. , Noguchi T. , Johnson D. , Price M. C. , Harriss K. H. , Zolensky M. E. , Grady M. M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the true nature of extra-terrestrial water and organic matter that were present at the birth of our solar system, and their subsequent evolution, necessitates the study of pristine astromaterials. In this study, we have studied both the water and organic contents from a dust particle recovered from the surface of near-Earth asteroid 25143 Itokawa by the Hayabusa mission, which was the first mission that brought pristine asteroidal materials to Earth’s astromaterial collection. The organic matter is presented as both nanocrystalline graphite and disordered polyaromatic carbon with high D/H and 15N/14N ratios (δD =  + 4868 ± 2288‰; δ15N =  + 344 ± 20‰) signifying an explicit extra-terrestrial origin. The contrasting organic feature (graphitic and disordered) substantiates the rubble-pile asteroid model of Itokawa, and offers support for material mixing in the asteroid belt that occurred in scales from small dust infall to catastrophic impacts of large asteroidal parent bodies. Our analysis of Itokawa water indicates that the asteroid has incorporated D-poor water ice at the abundance on par with inner solar system bodies. The asteroid was metamorphosed and dehydrated on the formerly large asteroid, and was subsequently evolved via late-stage hydration, modified by D-enriched exogenous organics and water derived from a carbonaceous parent body.
A survey of clinicians on the use of artificial intelligence in ophthalmology, dermatology, radiology and radiation oncology
Authors: Scheetz Jane , Rothschild Philip , McGuinness Myra , Hadoux Xavier , Soyer H. Peter , Janda Monika , Condon James J.J. , Oakden-Rayner Luke , Palmer Lyle J. , Keel Stuart , van Wijngaarden Peter 
Published: March 2021

AbstractArtificial intelligence technology has advanced rapidly in recent years and has the potential to improve healthcare outcomes. However, technology uptake will be largely driven by clinicians, and there is a paucity of data regarding the attitude that clinicians have to this new technology. In June–August 2019 we conducted an online survey of fellows and trainees of three specialty colleges (ophthalmology, radiology/radiation oncology, dermatology) in Australia and New Zealand on artificial intelligence. There were 632 complete responses (n = 305, 230, and 97, respectively), equating to a response rate of 20.4%, 5.1%, and 13.2% for the above colleges, respectively. The majority (n = 449, 71.0%) believed artificial intelligence would improve their field of medicine, and that medical workforce needs would be impacted by the technology within the next decade (n = 542, 85.8%). Improved disease screening and streamlining of monotonous tasks were identified as key benefits of artificial intelligence. The divestment of healthcare to technology companies and medical liability implications were the greatest concerns. Education was identified as a priority to prepare clinicians for the implementation of artificial intelligence in healthcare. This survey highlights parallels between the perceptions of different clinician groups in Australia and New Zealand about artificial intelligence in medicine. Artificial intelligence was recognized as valuable technology that will have wide-ranging impacts on healthcare.
Smaller bladder capacity and stronger bladder contractility in patients with ketamine cystitis are associated with elevated TRPV1 and TRPV4
Authors: Yang Hsueh-Hui , Jhang Jia-Fong , Hsu Yung-Hsiang , Jiang Yuan-Hong , Zhai Wei-Jun , Kuo Hann-Chorng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractStronger contractility and smaller bladder capacity are common symptoms in ketamine cystitis (KC). This study investigates the association between expression levels of transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V (TRPV) proteins and the clinical characteristics of KC. Bladder tissues were obtained from 24 patients with KC and four asymptomatic control subjects. Video urodynamic parameters were obtained before surgical procedures. The TRPV proteins were investigated by immunoblotting, immunofluorescence staining, and immunohistochemistry. The Pearson test was used to associate the expression levels of TRPV proteins with clinical characteristics of KC. The expression level of TRPV1 and TRPV4 was significantly higher in the severe KC bladders than in mild KC or control bladders. The TRPV1 proteins were localized in all urothelial cell layers, and TRPV4 was located in the basal cells and lamina propria. The expression of TRPV1 was negatively associated with maximal bladder capacity (r = − 0.66,P = 0.01). The expression of TRPV4 was positively associated with the velocity of detrusor pressure rise to the maximum flow rate (r = 0.53,P = 0.01). These observations suggest smaller bladder capacity and stronger contractility in KC are associated with an elevated expression of TRPV1 and TRPV4, respectively.
Constructing an efficient and adaptive learning model for 3D object generation
Authors: Hu Jiwei , Deng Wupeng , Liu Quan , Lam Kin‐Man , Lou Ping 
Published: March 2021

AbstractStudying representation learning and generative modelling has been at the core of the 3D learning domain. By leveraging the generative adversarial networks and convolutional neural networks for point‐cloud representations, we propose a novel framework, which can directly generate 3D objects represented by point clouds. The novelties of the proposed method are threefold. First, the generative adversarial networks are applied to 3D object generation in the point‐cloud space, where the model learns object representation from point clouds independently. In this work, we propose a 3D spatial transformer network, and integrate it into a generation model, whose ability for extracting and reconstructing features for 3D objects can be improved. Second, a point‐wise approach is developed to reduce the computational complexity of the proposed network. Third, an evaluation system is proposed to measure the performance of our model by employing various categories and methods, and the error, considered as the difference between synthesized objects and raw objects are quantitatively compared, is less than 2.8%. Extensive experiments on benchmark dataset show that this method has a strong ability to generate 3D objects in the point‐cloud space, and the synthesized objects have slight differences with man‐made 3D objects.
Learning adaptive spatial–temporal regularized correlation filters for visual tracking
Authors: Zhao Jianwei , Li Yangxiao , Zhou Zhenghua 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRecently, there have been many visual tracking methods based on correlation filters. These methods mainly enhance the tracking performances by considering the information of background, space, or time in the appearance model. This paper proposes an effective tracking method, named adaptive spatial–temporal regularized correlation filter (ASTRCF) tracker, based on the popular adaptive spatially regularized correlation filter (ASRCF) tracker. That is, the continuity of object's motion in the process of tracking is considered by introducing a temporal‐regularized term in the appearance model of ASRCF tracker. Furthermore, its solution is inferred by applying the alternating direction method of multipliers. The proposed appearance model contains a background‐awareness term, a spatially regularized term, an adaptive‐weight term, and a temporal‐regularized term. Therefore, it can not only keep the good performances of ASRCF tracker, such as learning the background information and the spatial information adaptively to enhance the discriminating ability, but also take advantage of the relation of correlation filters in the last frame and the current frame for addressing the complex cases, such as occlusion, and fast motion. Extensive experimental results on various challenging databases show that the proposed ASTRCF tracker achieves better tracking performances than some state‐of‐the‐art trackers.
Cloud property trends in hot and ultra-hot giant gas planets (WASP-43b, WASP-103b, WASP-121b, HAT-P-7b, and WASP-18b)
Authors: Helling Ch. , Lewis D. , Samra D. , Carone L. , Graham V. , Herbort O. , Chubb K. L. , Min M. , Waters R. , Parmentier V. , Mayne N. 
Published: March 2021

Context. Ultra-hot Jupiters are the hottest exoplanets that have been discovered so far. Observations begin to provide insight into the composition of their extended atmospheres and their chemical day/night asymmetries. Both are strongly affected by cloud formation.
Aims. We explore trends in cloud properties for a sample of five giant gas planets: the hot gas giant WASP-43b and the four ultra-hot Jupiters (UHJs) WASP-18b, HAT-P-7b, WASP-103b, and WASP-121b. This provides a reference frame for cloud properties for the JWST targets WASP-43b and WASP-121b. We further explore chemically inert tracers to observe geometrical asymmetries of UHJs and if the location of the inner boundary of a 3D global circulation model (3D GCM) matters for the clouds that form.
Methods. A homogeneous set of 3D GCM results was used as input for a kinetic cloud formation code to evaluate the cloud opacity and gas parameters such as C/O, mean molecular weight, and degree of ionisation. We cast our results in terms of integrated quantities to enable a global comparison between the sample planets.
Results. The large day/night temperature differences of UHJs cause the following chemical asymmetries: cloud-free days but cloudy nights, atomic versus molecular gases and their different mean molecular weights, deep thermal ionospheres versus low-ionised atmospheres, and undepleted versus enhanced C/O. WASP-18b, as the heaviest planet in the sample, has the lowest global C/O.
Conclusions. The global climate may be considered as similar amongst UHJs, but different to that of hot gas giants. The local weather, however, is individual for each planet since the local thermodynamic conditions, and hence the local cloud and gas properties, differ. The morning and the evening terminator of UHJs will carry signatures of their strong chemical asymmetry such that ingress and egress asymmetries can be expected. An increased C/O ratio is a clear sign of cloud formation, making cloud modelling a necessity when utilising C/O (or other mineral ratios) as a tracer for planet formation. The changing geometrical extension of the atmosphere from the day to the nightside may be probed through chemically inert species such as helium. Ultra-hot Jupiters are likely to develop deep atmospheric ionospheres which may impact the atmosphere dynamics through magneto-hydrodynamic processes.
Recent Advances on Benzofuranones: Synthesis and Transformation via C–H Functionalization
Authors: Qiu Renhua , Kambe Nobuaki , Tang Zhi , Tong Zhou , Yin Shuang-Feng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe benzofuranone structure is important in many fields, such as natural products, pharmaceuticals, building blocks, antioxidants, and dyes. The efficient synthesis and transformation of benzofuranones have attracted great attention in organic synthesis. They can be synthesized by the Friedel–Crafts reaction and intramolecular dehydration ring-closing and transition-metal-catalyzed reactions, among others. Their direct utilization in the preparation of other functional molecules further enhance their application. Due to their low pK
a value and easy enolization, the transformation of benzofuranones via C(3)–H bond functionalization has been a hot issue since 2010. Herein, we highlight advances in the synthesis of benzofuranones and their transformation via C–H functionalization. Other transformations related to benzofuranones are also discussed.1	Introduction2	Synthesis of Benzofuranones3	C–H Functionalization of Benzofuranones4	Other Types of Reactions of Benzofuranones5	Conclusion and Outlook
A new setup for low-temperature gas-phase ion fluorescence spectroscopy
Authors: Kjær Christina , Langeland Jeppe , Lindkvist Thomas Toft , Sørensen Emma Rostal , Stockett Mark H. , Kjaergaard Henrik G. , Nielsen Steen Brøndsted 
Published: March 2021

Here, we present a new instrument named LUNA2 (LUminescence iNstrument in Aarhus 2), which is purpose-built to measure dispersed fluorescence spectra of gaseous ions produced by electrospray ionization and cooled to low temperatures (&lt;100 K). LUNA2 is, as an earlier room-temperature setup (LUNA), optimized for a high collection efficiency of photons and includes improvements based on our operational experience with LUNA. The fluorescence cell is a cylindrical Paul trap made of copper with a hole in the ring electrode to permit laser light to interact with the trapped ions, and one end-cap electrode is a mesh grid combined with an aspheric condenser lens. The entrance and exit electrodes are both in physical contact with the liquid-nitrogen cooling unit to reduce cooling times. Mass selection is done in a two-step scheme where, first, high-mass ions are ejected followed by low-mass ions according to the Mathieu stability region. This scheme may provide a higher mass resolution than when only one DC voltage is used. Ions are irradiated by visible light delivered from a nanosecond 20-Hz pulsed laser, and dispersed fluorescence is measured with a spectrometer combined with an iCCD camera that allows intensification of the signal for a short time interval. LUNA2 contains an additional Paul trap that can be used for mass selection before ions enter the fluorescence cell, which potentially is relevant to diminishing RF heating in the cold trap. Successful operation of the setup is demonstrated from experiments with rhodamine dyes and oxazine-4, and spectral changes with temperature are identified.
On

-endomorphisms of the two-dimensional torus
Authors: Grines V. Z. , Zhuzhoma E. V. , Kurenkov E. D. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
It is proved that in each homotopy class of continuous mappings of the two-dimensional torus to itself that induce a hyperbolic action on the fundamental group, as long as it is free of expanding mappings, there exists an

-endomorphism

whose nonwandering set consists of an attracting hyperbolic sink and a nontrivial one-dimensional collapsing repeller, which is a one-dimensional orientable lamination, locally homeomorphic to the direct product of a Cantor set and a line segment. Moreover, the unstable

-invariant subbundle of the tangent space to the repeller has the property of uniqueness.
Bibliography: 23 titles.
Monocyte markers correlate with immune and neuronal brain changes in REM sleep behavior disorder
Authors: Farmen Kristine , Nissen Sara K. , Stokholm Morten G. , Iranzo Alex , Østergaard Karen , Serradell Mónica , Otto Marit , Svendsen Kristina B. , Garrido Alicia , Vilas Dolores , Borghammer Per , Santamaria Joan , Møller Arne , Gaig Carles , Brooks David J. , Tolosa Eduardo , Pavese Nicola , Romero-Ramos Marina 
Published: March 2021

SignificanceThis study shows that the myeloid immune response in isolated rapid-eye-movement sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) patients involves both brain and periphery, and that these responses are related, supporting a cross-talk between the brain and the peripheral immune system. Furthermore, these immune events were correlated with dopaminergic neuronal changes, strongly supporting a role for the immune system in the neuronal process associated with iRBD and putatively with Parkinson’s disease. These findings support monocytes as biomarkers and potential targets. Future studies should address possible association between monocytic changes and disease progression in longitudinal cohorts and the use of monocytes as accessible prognostic markers of brain events in synucleinopathies.
Discordant clinical features of identical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy twins
Authors: Repetti Giuliana G. , Kim Yuri , Pereira Alexandre C. , Ingles Jodie , Russell Mark W. , Lakdawala Neal K. , Ho Carolyn Y. , Day Sharlene , Semsarian Christopher , McDonough Barbara , DePalma Steven R. , Quiat Daniel , Green Eric M. , Seidman Christine E. , Seidman J. G. 
Published: March 2021

SignificanceGenetics, notably pathogenic genetic variants in sarcomere protein genes, play a major role in development of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). However, degree of contribution from epigenetic and environmental factors in clinical presentation of HCM is currently unclear. We investigated phenotypic differences between identical twins with pathogenic sarcomere protein gene variants and demonstrated their discordant HCM presentation despite having virtually identical genomes. Our study underscores the important contribution of epigenetics and environment in disease progression in genetically diagnosed HCM patients.