bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review and analysis of perennial cereal crops at different maturity stages
Authors: Rudoy Dmitry , Pakhomov Viktor , Olshevskaya Anastasiya , Maltseva Tatyana , Ugrekhelidze Natia , Zhuravleva Angelina , Babajanyan Arkady 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The article presents an overview of perennial grain crops, gives a comparative characteristic of annual winter wheat and perennial grain crops such as Trititrigia (Trititrigia cziczinii Tsvelev), Thinopyrum intermedium, perennial rye (Secale cereale L) and perennial sorghum (Sorghum x derzhavinii Tzvel.). The study aims to consider the main perennial crops grown in Russia and in the world, to compare their quality indicators, sowing agrotechnical requirements, cultivation conditions, yields, and to justify the choice of perennial crops that meet the needs and climatic conditions of the Rostov region. Presented is the generalized information on the grain quality changes during maturation, ripeness phases of grain crops are considered. Based on the review, the optimal ripeness phases, at which it is advisable to harvest are presented. Literature review showed that in the phase of lactic (мoлoчнaя cпeлocть) and wax maturity (вocкoвaя cпeлocть) wheat grain contains the greatest amount of basic nutrients. It was found that perennial crops have a positive effect on the state of the soil: prevent its erosion and depletion; there is an accumulation of carbon, soil methane CH 4. Comparative characterization of perennial crops with annual crops shows increased protein content - on average 2-3% higher. Also considered are the green mass quality indicators of perennial crops as a source of nutrients in the feed-production technology.
Overview of methods of wheat grain conservation in early stages of ripeness
Authors: Rudoy D , Pahomow V , Malceva T , Sarkisian D , Saakian S 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The problem of reducing losses and using grain remains one of the most pressing problems of national importance. To prevent the occurrence of unacceptable quantitative and qualitative losses of grain, a timely and correctly carried out post-harvest processing plays an important role. This article discusses the methods of conservation of wheat by various methods at the early stages of ripeness: grain preservation by drying method, convective method, conductive method, thermoradiation method, grain preservation by silage method and freeze preservation, reveals their advantages and conducts an analytical analysis. Harvesting cereal crops in the phase of milky-wax and waxy ripeness allows you to get a crop with an increased content of nutrients in comparison with full ripeness wheat grain. The article describes the biochemical processes occurring in the grain during its ripening. Harvesting grain in the phase of milky and waxy ripeness makes it possible to prepare raw materials for production with a higher content of protein, fats and nutrients, which is the relevance of the study.
Effect of ultrasonic exposure on the sowing quality of seeds
Authors: Dorokhov A , Sibirev A , Aksenov Ar , Mosyakov M , Jurba V , Mekhedov M , Koltsov A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The research aims to study the process of stimulation and the selecting of optimal modes of seed treatment with ultrasonic exposure. Increasing the yield of grain crops will provide the population with high-quality agricultural products and providing livestock breeding with a full-fledged feed base. Previous studies related to the pre-sowing stimulation of barley seeds with ultrasonic exposure to improve the sowing quality made it possible to assert an increase in the increase in seed weight by 10 to 12%. The optimal modes of their processing were the ultrasound frequency f =48 kHz, the oscillations intensity S=42 W/cm², and the exposure time t=480 sec. Ultrasonic vibrations change the Physico-chemical properties of seeds, the permeability of the cell membranes significantly increases, leading to accelerated swelling of the seeds, breathing intensifies, the metabolic process is activated; some enzymatic processes are activated while simultaneously inhibiting other enzyme systems and the sowing qualities of seeds change.
Razdolye – a new mid-late variety of soft winter wheat
Authors: Podgorny S , Skripka O , Samofalov A , Gromova S , Chernova V 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Wheat bread rightfully belongs to the greatest inventions of mankind. The aim of the research is to characterize the new Razdolye soft winter wheat variety for compliance with these requirements. The research was carried out in 2016-2020. The research object was the Razdolye winter wheat variety. The Ermak variety was used as a standard. The accounting area of the plot is 10 m2. The Razdolye variety was submitted to the State Variety Testing of the ARC “Donskoy” jointly with the Federal State Budgetary Organisation “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”. Razdolye has a high grain yield. The average yield of Razdolye in competitive trials for the predecessor green manure fallow over five years of study (2016-2020) was 10.57 t/ha, which is 1.68 t/ha higher than the standard variety Ermak. By ripening, it belongs to the middle late ripeness group, hatches and ripens 4 days later than the standard variety. Possesses high drought resistance, heat resistance, frost resistance and resistance to the main diseases of the region. Razdolye is being studied since the fall of 2020 in the North Caucasus, Lower Volga and Central Black Earth regions of the Russian Federation.
The study of the sources of valuable economic and biological traits in the collection nursery of sainfoin
Authors: Regidin A , Ignatiev S 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Sainfoin – fodder crop capable of growing in unfavorable conditions and on soils with reduced fertility. But sainfoin is not widespread and does not occupy large cultivated areas. One of the reasons for this is the small number of sainfoin varieties adapted to various environmental conditions. The purpose of the research is to identify the sources of valuable economic and biological traits in the collection nursery of sainfoin for use as a source material. The sainfoin collection nursery was established in 2017 according to the methodology of N.I. Vavilov. The area of the plots is 1 m2, the replication is two times. Standard – sainfoin variety Zernogradskiy 2. According to the results, samples with useful traits were identified: samples Sin 149, Sin 151 and Sin 8.15 with early growth (28.03) had the shortest growing season (52 days); by plant height, specimens Sin 38 (122 cm) and Sin 208.15 (122 cm) were distinguished; the highest yield of green mass was noted for samples Sin 26, Sin 126, Sin 141, Sin 102.15, Sin 103.15, Sin 1.15, Sin 2.15 with indicators of 7.67-9.72 kg/m2; a dry matter content of over 28% was noted in samples Sin 37, Sin 46, Sin 42, Sin 105.15, Sin 205.15; samples Sin 31, Sin 42, Sin 54, Sin 122, Sin 135, Sin 144, Sin 145, Sin 160, Sin 100.15, Sin 1.15, Sin 3.15, Sin 4.15, Sin 6.15, Sin 8.15, Sin 100/1142 were distinguished by a high content crude protein (20.00-21.44%).
Influence of sowing time on the yield of different varieties of soybeans
Authors: Kelekhsashvili L M 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Experimental studies were carried out on the experimental fields of the North Caucasus Research Institute of Mining and Piedmont Agriculture of the Vladikavkaz Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Trial establishment, phenological observations, and statistical processing of the obtained results were carried out using generally accepted methods. It was found that the highest seed yields for the studied varieties (Vilana, Slavia, Chara) were obtained in the third sowing period. So, for the Vilana variety (on average for 2018-2020, background - without fertilizers), the yield in the first period (10°C) was 1.87 t/ha, in the second (12°C) - 1.91 t/ha, in the third (14°C) - 2.06 t/ha, and in the fourth (16°C) - 1.97 t/ha. Indicators for the Slavia and Chara varieties were slightly lower. When mineral fertilizers were applied at the rate of P120K60, the yield of the studied varieties increased in comparison with the background P60K30. So, for the Vilana variety (average value over 3 years), the yield was higher in the first sowing period by 0.22 t/ha, in the second - by 0.31 t/ha, in the third - by 0.57 t/ha, and in the fourth - by 0.34 t/ha. From the given data it can be seen that the highest yield was noted in the third sowing period. A similar pattern was also observed for the Slavia and Chara varieties. So, for the Slavia variety, the yield in the third sowing period was 2.74 t/ha, in the fourth - 2.64 t/ha, in the second - 2.56 t/ha, in the first - 2.35 t/ha, and for the Chara variety, respectively: 2.60; 2.48; 2.45, and 2.31 t/ha.
Influence of elements of irrigation technology of medium and late varieties of soybean on soybean yield
Authors: Kh Isaev S , Kodirov Z Z , Saylikhanova M K , Fozilov Sh G 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this article, under the conditions of alluvial soils of the Bukhara region, the main yield in the care of mid-ripening varieties of soy “Nafis” and late-ripening varieties of “Uzbek-6” is 4 times., With 714 m3./ha once before flowering, 739-763 m3/ha 3 times from flowering to the end of the application period, 3016 m3/ha with seasonal irrigation, 35,1737.8 with black film irrigation on wheat c/ha of soybean crops, 6 116 000 soums - 7 million soums Net profit amounted to 196 thousand soums, profitability increased by 77.2-90.8%.
Influence of macro and microelements on the biological value of wheat grain
Authors: Isaychev V , Andreev N , Mudarisov F 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper considers the influence of manganese and zinc sulfate, as well as Megamix-Zinc on the protein quality of grain of winter and spring wheat, when cultivating it on soils with a deficiency of certain microelements. It was found that treatment of seeds and growing plants of experimental crops with the studied preparations increased the content of the essential limiting amino acids in the grain of winter wheat - lysine by 85.7%, threonine by 116.7%, isoleucine + leucine by 20.9%, phenylalanine + tyrosine by 33.3% compared to the control variant. A rise in the amount and amino acid score of such limiting amino acids as lysine and threonine is also observed, which leads to a decline in the coefficient of difference of amino-acid scores up to 75.5% and an increase in the biological value of the total protein up to 24.5%. The total amount of amino acids in the grain of spring wheat increased when Megamix-Zinc was used in the cultivation technology, both on soils with natural fertility and with application of mineral fertilizers, which is associated with a rise in nitrogen and carbohydrate metabolism. The increase in relation to the control group is 0.42 - 1.34 mg/g, depending on the variant. Under the influence of the factors used, amino acid score of individual amino acids of the spring wheat protein increases in relation to the control group up to 2.1%.
Phytoplasma diseases of vegetable crops in Russia
Authors: Girsova N V , Bogoutdinov D Z , Yengalycheva I A , Kastalyeva T B 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Phytoplasma DNA was detected in 72 samples of vegetable crops collected in eight regions/territories of the Russian Federation, including the Republic of Crimea. The analyzed plants belonged to 13 species (Armoracia rusticana, Artemisia dracunculus, Capsicum annuum, Conundrum sátivum, Cucumis melo, Cucurbita maxima, Daucus carota var.sativus, Melissa officinalis, Petroselinum crispum, Phaseolus vulgaris, Solanum lycopersicum, Solanum melongena and Vicia faba), to 7 families (Apiacea, Asteracea, Brassicaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae and Solanaceae). The belonging of phytoplasma to a group/subgroup was established by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of amplicons obtained in nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We identified phytoplasmas of four groups most characteristic of the Russian Federation: Aster yellows - 16SrI, X-disease - 16SrIII, Clover proliferation - 16SrVI and Stolbur - 16SrXII. All phytoplasmas isolated from plants collected in the southern regions of the Russian Federation (Astrakhan and Rostov regions, Krasnodar Territory, and the Republic of Crimea) belonged to stolbur group, subgroup 16SrXII-A, like most phytoplasmas from plants of the Samara region. Phytoplasmas of the 16SrVI group were found in plants from the Moscow, Samara, and Novosibirsk regions, the 16SrIII group - in plants from the Vologda and Moscow regions, and the 16SrI group - only in samples from the Moscow region.
Spatial analysis of seasonal patterns in sea surface temperature and salinity distribution in the Black Sea (1992-2017)
Authors: Krivoguz D , Semenova A , Mal’ko S 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Sea water temperature and water salinity one of the most important environmental factors of the marine ecosystems. Both of them plays an important role in forming suitable environment for marine living organisms and have a great impact on species biodiversity. Our goal for this paper was to identify spatial patterns of interannual variations in the salinity and temperature fluctuations to understand possibilities of future change of the Black Sea ecosystem and its impact on fisheries. We used temperature and salinity data from CMEMS for the 1992-2017 time period. All downloaded data was processed by QGIS 3.14 and R 4.0.3. We found that the temperature regime of the Black Sea in different periods of the year is determined by three main factors - the depth of the shelf zone, the influence of river runoff, and water circulation due to currents. The average salinity of the Black Sea waters is 19 ‰, areas with lower salinity are located near the west shore, due to the flows from the largest rivers (Dnieper, Dniester, Danube) bringing a large amount of fresh water to the Black Sea. The area with higher salinity is located in the south- west due to the water exchange of the Black Sea with the saltier Sea of Marmara (∼ 26 ‰) through the Bosphorus. The currents of the Black Sea pick up the salty water of the Sea of Marmara and slowly moving the water column against the clockwise, carry it across the entire Black Sea, thereby increasing its average salinity.
Features of the subsurface water composition formation in the Mesozoic hydrogeological basin of the Middle Ob region fields
Authors: Sabanina I G , Semenova T V 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The formation of the deep oil and gas bearing horizons hydrogeological conditions in the Middle Ob region and the West Siberian megabasin as a whole contains many questions and is a subject of discussion. This is due to numerous hydrogeodynamic and hydrogeochemical anomalies that do not have an unambiguous explanation. The hydrogeological conditions feature of the area under consideration is inversion hydrogeochemical zonation in the Lower Cretaceous and Upper Jurassic sediments, as well as the presence of low-mineralized formation waters of hydrocarbonate-sodium composition. The change in the genetic type of waters, the mineralization decrease, the calcium ion content decrease and an increase in the hydrocarbonate ion amount in the Mesozoic hydrogeological basin, is associated with the transformation of mineral and organic matter in sedimentary rocks during their immersion, occurring at the elision stage of the basin development.
Development of approaches for ecologization of water supply in the city
Authors: Zheltenkov A , Vasilyeva E , Syuzeva O 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The objective of this research is to develop recommendations on ecologization of water supply in the city. The authors revealed the main problems, peculiar to intercity systems of water supply and having negative impact on the environment. The negative environmental impacts of water supply problems were systematized. The priority directions of the solution of the matter of ecologization of water supply in the cities were defined. The main of these directions, i.e. the choice of innovative materials for the water supply systems, their advantages and advantages of modern pipes in various specified operating conditions was considered as a debatable question. The results of the conducted research can promote the ecologization of water supply in the cities of the Russian Federation. Some offers on water supply improvement, as well as the reasons expressed as the discussion can be useful during planning repair and replacement of water supply systems, choosing materials and technologies, during justification of ecological-and-economic efficiency of improvements.
SPF egg production: current status and challenges
Authors: Burova D , Trubitsyn M 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The paper discusses the technology for the production of SPF eggs, i.e. specific pathogen free eggs, used in the manufacture of vaccines for veterinary use. Nowadays, such an egg is imported in the Russian Federation only from abroad, which indicates the dependence of the vaccine market on imports, as well as on the epidemiological situation in the supplying country. At the same time, the process of creating an enterprise for the production of SPF eggs is extremely laborious due to the increased requirements for the technological processes of keeping and growing poultry, as well as the high risks of accidental contamination of the livestock. Due to the fact that today one of the priority tasks is import substitution, the creation of Russia’s own production of SPF eggs is a strategically important task for the near future.
Impacts of Artificial Insemination on Holstein Cattle Population in Turkey
Authors: Ö Şen A , Cedden F , Ushakov A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The use of artificial insemination (AI) is common practice in most countries all around the world, in dairy cattle. AI, which started to be implemented in Turkey in 1930, became more widespread in 1987 in order to rapidly improve the native breed. According to data from 2020, 37% of the cattle population is a crossbred and about 15% of this is Holstein cattle. In the last 5 years, approximately 26.5 million doses of sperm have been imported, in other words, an average of 0.70 doses per milked cow. In this study, the pedigree file records of 5 673 405 Holsteins born from 1975 to 2012, and all sires were known individually were selected for this study. It was determined that 5 673 405 individuals had a total of 11 883 sires. The 10 most used sires are parents of 10.61% of progeny in the population. For today, almost 37% of the cattle population is converted to exotic breeds and their crossbreeds. Approximately 15% of this is Holstein. In the last 5 years, approximately 26.5 million doses of semen have been imported, in other words, an average of 0.70 doses of semen per milked cow. Although frequent use of some sires leads to increased inbreeding in some herds, the consanguinity coefficient in the population was found to be 0.0145. Apart from various problems in insemination practices in Turkey, it can be suggested that an effective way is followed in semen selection and importation.
The effectiveness of using a microbiological strain in the aquaponics system
Authors: Krotova O , Polozyuk O , Savenkov K , Mashtykov D , Savenkova M 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Aquaponics is an artificial ecosystem in which three types of living organisms are key: aquatic animals (usually fish or shrimp), plants and bacteria. This technology works on the principle of an ecosystem of fish and plants: fish provides food to plants, and plants purify water and are environmentally friendly. The essence of this method is to use the vital waste of aquatic animals (fish, shrimp) as a nutrient medium for plants. The essence of the method of operation of the aquaponic system is to use the vital waste of aquatic animals as food for plants. At the first stage, the fish produces waste products. Then, in the second stage, microbes and worms convert the waste into fertilizers for plants. During the process, at the third stage, plants consume the necessary products of excretion of living organisms. These are chemicals such as nitrogenous, potassium, phosphorus compounds, carbon dioxide. Thanks to aquaponic farms, the costs of water and other natural resources, soil pollution and the use of insecticides are already being reduced in different places of our planet. Such systems are a sustainable ecosystem capable of producing organic matter that does not contain toxic substances often present in vegetables grown by traditional methods.
Diagnosis and treatment of flexibacteriosis of koi carp (Cyprinus carpio koi)
Authors: Neidorf Anna , Morozova Marina 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Ornamental fish farming is an intensively developing area in aquaculture. A significant volume of contraband products and the lack of sanitary and quarantine measures is an important problem associated with the development of this knowledge area. The article is devoted to the problem of timely detection and diagnosis of flexibacteriosis of carp, affecting one of the most popular and expensive objects of ornamental fish farming, koi carp. The main causes of fish diseases are natural outbreaks of infections and infection with pathogens from water sources, as well as violations of the rules of transportation and quarantine of imported fish. Timely and constant veterinary control makes it possible to assess the epizootic situation for fish diseases, the degree of pollution of the fishery reservoir and make recommendations for optimizing preventive measures that ensure the epizootic well-being of the fishery reservoir in the conditions of integrated technology. The cultivation of koi by amateurs in private ponds, aquariums poses a danger of introducing infections into other reservoirs, including natural ones, as well as regions where the outbreak has never been recorded. The main task is the prevention of diseases, which can be ensured by monitoring the water quality of the water supply source, as well as the use of a complex of veterinary and sanitary measures, including veterinary control over the transportation of fish, preventive quarantine of imported material and quarantine in dysfunctional farms, preventive disinfection and disinfection of structures, inventory, pond beds; regular ichthyopathological examination of the farm; preventive antiparasitic treatment of fish.
Comparative analysis of muscle tissue amino acid composition of sturgeon breeded under natural and industrial conditions
Authors: Guseva Yulia , Korobov Alexander , Tarasov Petr , Vasilyev Alexey , Gurkina Oksana 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The article presents comparative data on the chemical and amino acid analysis of the muscle tissue of sturgeons of the natural ichthyofauna of the Volgograd reservoir and those grown in a cage farm in the natural temperature regime of the 4th zone of fish farming in the Russian Federation using balanced feeding. The results obtained indicate the saturation of the muscle tissue of sturgeons consuming artificial feed with amino acids. The difference in nutrition is reflected in the biological value of meat. An important indicator of the biological value of a product is the qualitative and quantitative composition of muscle tissue amino acids. The natural nutrition of the Volgograd Reservoir does not fully satisfy the sturgeon’s need for protein nutrition. Industrial methods of cultivation make it possible to optimally organize biologically complete feeding of fish, which contributes to the maximum manifestation of their genetic potential and production of functional products.