bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Macular and choroidal Thickness measurements in HCV patients taking Recent anti viral hepatitis C Drugs (daclatasvir / sofosbuvir) Combination
Authors: Yusuf Doaa Saad , Salman AG , Yosef Tarek M , Elzawahry Walid Mohamed , Hashem Walaa 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Purpose
This study aims to evaluate the effect of oral (sofosbuvir / daclatasvir) Combination on the macular and choroidal thickness of Egyptian patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection using Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)

Methods
This study was conducted on 30 subjects recruited from Viral Hepatitis Treatment and Research Centre and examined at Ophthalmology Out Patients Clinics, Ain Shams University Hospital during the period from June 2018 to February 2019. All participants underwent full general and ocular history taking and a precise ophthalmological clinical evaluation including assessment by OCT before starting our Direct Acting Antiviral Drugs (DAAs), sofosbuvir and daclatasvir (SOF/ DAC) combination for 12 weeks then, they reassessed again at the end of the treatment by Spectral Domain optical coherence tomography (SD –OCT) Retina Scan RS - 3000 advance(NIDEK Co., Gamagori Japan) (figure 1).

Results
Our study included 60 eyes of 30 patients with chronic hepatitis C with no evidence of changes on macular and choroidal thickness have been reported at 3 months after treatment onset in all subjects; the difference was statistically insignificant for macular and choroidal thickness.

Conclusions
Our study showed that all the participants who were followed before and after treatment showing that there were no changes on the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), there were no changes on macular and choroidal thickness observed throughout all the study period.
Comparative Study between Dryness Post Phacoemulsification and Post Extra Capsular Cataract Extraction
Authors: Eldin Mohammed Elgeshy Alm , Rashad Saad Mohammed , Elsaka Ayman Mohamed , Fawzy Samah Mahmoud , ElSamkary Mahmoud Ahmed 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Purpose
This study aims to detect and compare the severity and pattern of dry eye occurrence after phacoemulsification and extra capsular cataract extraction surgeries.

Methods
Twenty eyes of twenty patients in two groups, ten eyes planned for Phacoemulsification(phaco) and ten eyes planned for Extra Capsular Cataract Extraction (ECCE) enrolled in a prospective comparative study. All patients underwent full history taking and full ophthalmological clinical evaluation including (tear film meniscus height, Schirmer 1 test, tear break up time). Evaluations will be done one week before cataract surgery then three and six weeks after the surgery.Also, goblet cell count is measured twice, before and 6 weeks after the operation.

Results
After both Phaco, andECCE, the changes between means of pre-operative, 3 weeks and 6 weeks visits were significant in tear film meniscus height (p = 0.01) and were insignificant in both Schirmer 1 and tear break up time (p &gt; 0.05). There was a significant deterioration after 3 weeks of surgery in tear film meniscus height followed by significant increase between 3rd and 6th weeks post-operative measurements (p = 0.01). There was a significant difference between the 2 groups in the total change of Schirmer 1 and tear break up time between the6th weeks and the pre-operative measure with more deterioration in group 2. There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in tear film meniscus height 6 weeks post operation.The deterioration in goblet cell count was significantly worse in the ECCE group (mean difference of -22.1±8.5 and was -7.5±5.1 in the phaco group), (p = 0.0005).

Conclusions
Phacoemulsification surgery may aggravate the signs and symptoms of dry eye and affect dry eye test values in patients in short-term but less than ECCE.
Optical Coherence Tomography and Pattern Electroretinography Changes in Egyptian Patients with Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: ElShaarawi Mostafa S , Gaafar Ayman A , Eldin Hisham S. Saad , Ali Randa H 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common psychiatric disorder that affects nearly 11.1-14.6 % of the population in their lifetime. Pathophysiology and brain imaging findings show that degenerative and inflammatory processes may play a role. Meta-analysis of voxel-based morphometry studies in MDD demonstrated significant gray matter loss. From anatomical and embryological perspectives, the retina can be considered a unique extension of the brain and is able to reflect axonal histopathology. Being unmyelinated, it can provide insight into the pathophysiological processes of diseases with a neurodegenerative element.

Aim
to compare retinal optical coherence tomography (OCT) parameters in a group of MDD patients with a healthy control group and to correlate OCT parameters with pattern electroretinography (PERG) parameters.

Method
a controlled cross sectional study was conducted on 30 MDD patients and 28 age and sex matched controls. Both groups had a full ophthalmological examination, OCT imaging and 7 patients and 11 controls have PERG recorded.

Results
Thinning of the superior retinal nerve fiber layer, thinning of most of the ganglion cell inner plexiform (GCIP) layer, thinning of most of the macular thickness and thinning of macular volume in both eyes were detected. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between the left GCIP layer and the amplitude of the N95 wave. Also a statistically significant negative correlation existed between MDD duration in years with the left eye's average volume of the outer ring of the macula.

Conclusion
Significant retinal changes were detected by OCT in MDD patients supporting the theory of neurodegeneration as a pathophysiology of MDD.
Axial Length and White to White Corneal Diameter in Eyes with Keratoconus
Authors: elwahab Omnia Talaat Abd , Mansour Dina Ezzat , Roshdy Maged Maher Salib , Ismail Ahmed Taha , elwahab Omnia Talaat Abd 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objective
To study the axial length (AL) and white to white (WTW) corneal diameter in keratoconus (KC) eyes and compare them to normal eyes.

Methods
Sixty-three eyes of 53 patients were included in this cross-sectional observational study divided into KC group comprised of 28 eyes of 18 patients and control group comprised of 35 eyes of 35 patients based on clinical and tomographic findings. All subjects were examined using rotating Scheimpflug corneal tomography (Pentacam HR; Oculyzer II) for central corneal thickness (CCT), thinnest corneal thickness (TCT), keratometric values, anterior chamber depth (ACD) and lens thickness, and by optical biometry (IOLMaster 500) for axial length (AL) measurements. Vitreous cavity length (VCL) was calculated by subtracting the values of CCT, ACD (internal), and lens thickness from the AL. White to white (WTW) corneal diameter was measured using Placido-based tomography (Topolyzer VARIO).

Results
The mean age was 31.27±8.65 years(30.39 ± 9.31) in the KC group and .(31.74 ± 8.38) in the non KC group. The KC group included 28 eyes their mean spherical equivalent (SE) was -3.16 ± 2.42 and the control group 35 healthy eyes including 23 ametropic eyes with mean spherical equivalent (SE) (-3.95±4.50 D) and 12 emmetropic eyes with mean SE (-0.19±0.40 D). The mean VCL was significantly greater in normal eyes (17.45 ±1.34 mm) compared with KC (16.77±1.18 mm) (P = 0.037), while the mean ACD (internal) was significantly greater in KC eyes compared to normal (P = 0.020) and the lens thickness showed no statistically significant difference. The greater VCL in the normal group was compensated by the greater ACD in the KC group causing the total AL to have no statistically significant difference (normal eyes =24.44 ±1.38 mm and KC eyes= 24.21 ±1.31 mm) (P = 0.513). There was no statistically significant difference in the WTW corneal diameter between KC and normal eyes (11.81 ±0.35 mm in the normal group compared to 11.79 ±0.35 mm in the KC group) (P = 0.835).

Conclusion
VCL was significantly greater in normal eyes compared with those eyes with KC. AL and WTW showed no difference between the two groups.
Endoscopic endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy vs nasolacrimal duct intubation in pediatric nasolacrimal duct obstruction - a comparative study
Authors: Atia Rana , Samy Magda , Elwan Sheriff , Helmy Thanaa , Shaat Ashraf , Nada Ossama 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Study design;
Pilot randomized controlled study.

Objective
To compare success rates of endoscopic endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy and nasolacrimal duct intubation in congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO) in a trial to define the superiority of either technique.

Patients & Methods
Sixty-six eyes of 61 patients were diagnosed as having epiphora and mucopurulent discharge due to congenital NLDO. The patients were randomly divided into two groups; Group A; 33 eyes of 28 patients (treated by probing and silicone intubation only (NLDI)) and Group B; 33 eyes of 33 patients (treated by endoscopic endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy and silicone tube intubation (EDCR). All tubes were removed 6 months after the operation.

Results
The success rate, defined as complete resolution of clinical symptoms and signs after 6 months of follow up, was 72.7 % in Group A and 81.8% in Group B. Although the success rate was higher in Group B, yet the difference was shown to be statistically nonsignificant. Preoperative symptoms were assessed postoperatively after tube removal. Complete cure had a higher rate of occurrence in Group B than in Group A (27eyes (81.8%) versus 25 eyes of 22 patients (75.8%) respectively). Postoperative positive fluorescein dye disappearance test (FDDT) after tube removal was more in Group B than in Group A (27 eyes (81.8) versus 24 eyes of 21 patients (72.7 %) respectively). In Group A, silicone tubes had to be repositioned due to prolapse in 3 eyes of 3 patients (9.1%) and had to be removed early in 3 eyes of 3 patients (9.1%) due to failure of repositioning. In Group B, silicone tubes did not require early tube extraction before the date of removal in any of the patients. Intraoperative, there was only one case (3.0%) of fat prolapse during EDCR in Group B with no subsequent postoperative complications. Hemostasis did not represent a problem in any of the patients. Postoperative complications occurred more in Group B than Group A (21 eyes (63.6%) versus 13 eyes of 13 patients (39.4 %) respectively). Late complications occurred more in Group B than Group A (18 eyes (54.5%) versus 12 eyes of 12 patients (36.4%) respectively) in the form of persistent epiphora and tube prolapse.

Conclusion
The success rate of pediatric EDCR was higher than that of pediatric NLDI. The difference was statistically non-significant. Complications were comparable between the two groups. The study, being pilot in its comparative aspect between endoscopy and intubation, opens the horizon for further study on a larger group that probably will expand this difference.
COMPARING The EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF TREATMENT WITH FIXED DOSE OF TADALAFIL OR TAMSULOSIN AND THEIR COMBINATION THERAPY IN Patients With BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA and Erectile Dysfunction
Authors: Abdallah Hany Mostafa , Radwan Ahmed , Habib Kirolos Nabil 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Purpose
To compare monotherapy with tadalafil or tamsulosin and their combination therapy in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia and erectile dysfunction by comparing IPSS score, prostate volume and Qmax and some other outcomes.

Materials and Methods
All patients with lower urinary tract symptoms, benign prostatic hyperplasia and any grade of erectile dysfunction were recruited. They were randomly divided into three groups (50 participants in each group): Group A received 5 mg/daily tadalafil; Group B received 0.4 mg/daily tamsulosin; Group C receieved a combination of 0.4 mg/daily tamsulosin and 5 mg/daily tadalafil. Primary outcomes were prostate volume, prostate specific antigen, post-void residual volume, IPSS score, LUTS severity, Qmax, IIEF and erectile dysfunction severity and secondary outcome was complications.

Results
The mean ± SD of ultrasonographic prostate volume was 61.4 ± 15.1 mL and prostate specific antigen level was 2.4 ± 1.9 ng/dl. Post-void residual level was significantly different before and after the treatment, except for group A. Also, this group had no meaningful difference compared to the other groups in this regard (P &gt; 0.05). There were significant differences between pre- and post-treatment international prostate symptom scores in each group (P &lt; 0.05).
Conclusion: Combination of tamsulosin and tadalafil can improve international prostate symptom scores, international index of erectile function questionnaire scores and Qmax in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms and benign prostatic hyperplasia to more degrees than their separate use. This combination is recommended because of its synergistic effects, well toleration and safety

Conclusion
Combination of tamsulosin and tadalafil can improve international prostate symptom scores, international index of erectile function questionnaire scores and Qmax in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms and benign prostatic hyperplasia to more degrees than their separate use. This combination is recommended because of its synergistic effects, well toleration and safety.
Outcome of Extended Varicocelectomy in Case of High Grade Varicocele
Authors: Essamt Mohamed , Tawfeek Ahmed Mohamed , Tawfeek Abo Faddan Osama Mostafa 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Varicocele is defined as abnormal dilation and tourtousity of the internal spermatic veins within the pampiniform plexus. It is common among adolescents and may contribute significantly to the risk of subfertility in adulthood.

Objective
To evaluate the outcome of extended varicocelectomy in case of high grade varicocele.

Patients and methods
In all, 30 varicocele cases including 12 left sided and 18 bilateral, comprising 48 spermatic cord units with clinically palpable varicocele and affected semen analysis underwent extended varicocele ligation. Testicular delivery was done in all the cases and assessment of the gubernacular veins was reported. The patients underwent clinical evaluation, scrotal doppler ultrasonography, as well as semen analysis to detect varicocele recurrence, hydrocele formation and early changes in semen parameters. The postoperative evaluation period was 3 months.

Results
No varicocele recurrences were clinically detectable after our surgical approach, No hydrocele formation, and There was improvement in the parameters of semen analysis in the entire patients presented with infertility associated with varicocele as regard improvement in the count, motility, and decrease in the abnormal forms 3 months after varicocelectomy.

Conclusion
Extended varicocele ligation with delivery of the testis achieve good surgical outcome with minimal varicocele recurrence and hydrocele formation, and offer beneficial effect on semen parameters.
Immunohistochemical expression of HGF and cMET in meningiomas
Authors: Helal Thanaa E , Ragheb Faten W , Hewedi Iman H , Abd Raboh Nermine M , Halim Mariam I 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Meningiomas are the most common intracranial neoplasm together with gliomas; but unlike gliomas they are still graded according to their histopathological picture. Many growth factors and tyrosine kinase receptors have been studied in meningiomas in an attempt for prognostic stratification of patients, also to find a suitable targeted therapy for meningiomas.

Aim of the study
To correlate the immunohistochemical expression of HGF and cMET with the different WHO grades of meningioma in addition to brain invasion.

Materials and methods
This study included 60 cases of meningiomas (WHO grade I, n = 30 and WHO grade II & III, n = 30), brain invasion was present in 14 cases.

Results
HGF, cMET & HGF/cMET co-expression were positive in 60.0%, 65.0% and 58.3% respectively of the cases; WHO grade I meningioma showed positivity in 30.0%, 33.3% and 30.0% of the cases respectively in contrast with 90.0%, 96.7% and 86.7% of the cases of WHO grades II & III meningiomas respectively. The relation was statistically highly significant (p- value: &lt;0.001). As regards cases with brain invasion the expression of HGF, cMET and HGF/cMET co-expression was found in 92.9%, 100.0% and 92.9% respectively in comparison with 50.0%, 54.3% and 47.8% in the rest of the cases of meningiomas respectively; the relation was statistically significant (p- value: 0.004).

Conclusion
The results suggest that HGF/cMET pathway may play a role in the progression of meningiomas from WHO grade I to higher grades II & III.
Screening for Cow Milk Allergy Among Young Egyptian Children
Authors: El-Sayed Zeinab A , El-Owaidy Rasha H , Abd El-Lateef Hanan M , Hammouda Ahmed SA 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
There are insufficient published data on the prevalence of cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) in Egypt.

Aim of the Work
The study aims to estimate the frequency of CMPA among young Egyptian children in a trial to delineate the magnitude of the problem in our population.

Methods
A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted on 500 young Egyptian children from the general population aged from 6 months to 5 years; 200 males and 300 females. Children were subjected to history taking and clinical examination. Suspected cases with suggestive clinical history of CMPA were subjected to skin prick test (SPT) with standardized cow’s milk protein allergen extract and open oral challenge test (OCT).

Results
In the present study, 6.2% of screened children had positive clinical history suggestive of CMPA, 35.5% of them had positive SPT and 51.6% had positive OCT. Based on clinical history and OCT, 3.2% were documented to have CMPA, 3% had undocumented CMPA or low probability of CMPA and 93.8% had no CMPA. The highest rate of initial onset of CMPA is seen before the first year of life (96.8%) and 81.3% of children with positive OCT were formula/mixed-fed. The clinical manifestations in infants with suspected CMPA were variable, and the main presenting feature was gastrointestinal tract manifestations (42%). The IgE-mediated CMPA was more common and constituted 56.3% of the CMPA cases.

Conclusion
The frequency of CMPA among Egyptian children up to 5 years of age is comparable to the reported frequencies worldwide. IgE-mediated CMPA accounts for more than 2/3 of the patients with proven CMPA in this study.
Alloimmunization in Egyptian Children with Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Elalfy Mohsen Saleh , Kenny Mahmoud Adel , Saed Fatima Zahrra Abdelkarim , Ebeid Fatma Soliman Elsayed 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Transfusion is critical in the management of sickle cell disease (SCD) complications. The resultant alloimmunization to RBC group antigens is a major complication of allogeneic blood transfusion and generally presents significant challenges in the management of SCD patients.

Aim
To measure the frequency of the occurrence of the alloimmune markers in sickle cell disease and to investigate its predicators.

Subjects and methods
This cross-sectional study included 50 children and young adults with SCD, all patients were subjected to detailed medical history thorough clinical examination. Laboratory investigations included complete blood count, markers of hemolysis and serum ferritin. The D, C, c, E, e, M, NJKa and JKb antigens were typed using monoclonal antisera. Fya, Fyb, Jka, Jkb, S, s and Anti Lua antigens were typed by commercially prepared polyclonal anti- human sera. Antibody screening was performed using Ortho screening panel.

Results
The study Sickle SS was the most common type of SCD representing more than half of the recruited patients. Frequency of antibody positive screening among SCD was 16%. Comparison between SCD patients with positive and those with negative antibody screening showed that higher frequency of positive antibody screening in those with SB+ than those SS and SB0. Patient with positive antibodies screening were significantly older when they received their first blood transfusion and had lower transfusion index (p = 0.037) than those with negative antibodies screening (p=0.013). There were no significant difference between patients with positive and those with negative antibodies screening as regards age, gender, transfusion frequency and as regards comorbidities; painful crisis (p=0.117), stroke (p=0.398), ACS (p=0.363).

Conclusion
The distribution of the blood group antigens in patients with SCD has important clinical significance especially those who often require regular blood transfusion and who may have developed multiple antibodies. The resultant alloimmunization is serious necessitates early recognition and management.
Evaluation of brain iron content in Egyptian Patients with Sickle cell disease and its impact on Neurocognitive functions
Authors: Elalfy Mohsen Saleh , Ebeid Fatma Soliman Elsayed , Ibrahim Mohammed Ahmed Samir , Hussein Hanaa Midhat Abdel Gader 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is considered the most prevalent monogenic diseases worldwide. Iron overload is one of the major complications in those patients, especially who in need for frequent transfusion, affecting many organs including the brain. MRI is a valuable, reliable and non-invasive method for quantifying iron concentration in many organs as the liver and heart and it is now used for monitoring of the chelation therapy in SCD patients. Several studies began reporting differences in global cognitive function, particularly for children with SCD, they are at a high risk for neurocognitive impairment they often scored lower on general IQ measures than healthy children which is due to iron overload in brain tissue from the chronic transfusions which can lead to strokes and may be a silent stroke.

Objective
The current study assessed brain iron content (using R2* values) in the caudate and thalamic regions through quantitative brain MRI study in SCD patients in comparison to age and sex-matched healthy controls.

Methods
A case-control study recruited 32 patients with SCD and 11 healthy controls. Brain MRI study using multi-echo fast gradient echo sequence was done for all the patients and controls. Brain R2* values of both caudate and thalamic regions (right and left sides) were calculated for only 15 SCD patients and the 11 controls. All recruited SCD patients and controls were examined for the neurocognitive functions by these tests: Wechsler IV Intelligence Scale for Adult shows (Verbal, Perceptual, Memory, Processing and Total IQ), their all normal values between 90 – 110. Benton Visual Retention Test have cut of point at (&gt; 4 or = 4). Those values are the same for the difference between the obtained correct and the expected correct, and the difference between the obtained error and expected error.

Results
The fifteen patient with SCD who underwent brain MRI were age and sex matched with the eleven healthy control (15 SCD patients: mean-age: 16.93 ± 3.41 years, 40.6% females and 11healthy controls: mean age: 18.73 ± 4.84 years, 54.5% females) were enrolled in the study. As regards the brain MRI, there was no statistically significant differences between SCD and control group in all regions of interests (p &gt; 0.05). Our study showed that 72.7% of our SCD patients had under threshold TIQ scores. Also18% of the patients showed moderate anxiety, 9% mild anxiety and 9% showed severe anxiety.

Conclusion
The results of our study showed that even in cases of iron overload which affects vital organs as the liver, cardiac and brain iron overload don't occur.