bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An appraisal of avian species diversity in and around Purulia Town, West Bengal, India
Authors: Mahato Swastik , Mandal Sudipta , Das Dipanwita 
Published: March 2021

Purulia, the westernmost district of West Bengal, India is least explored with respect to the biological diversity and relatively little information is available to date. The present study was conducted from February 2017 to January 2018 to document avifaunal diversity in Purulia Town and surroundings. Sampling was done through the line transect method with photographic documentation and subsequent identification following suitable keys. Species richness and seasonal abundance were calculated. Altogether, 115 species of birds belonging to 19 orders and 43 families were recorded during the study period. Passeriformes was the most dominant order represented by 46 species during the study. The Shannon-Wiener (H’) value was highest for January (1.564). A large number of migratory birds visit Purulia every year mostly during winter and it is reflected in the present study. Diverse foraging habit among the birds was observed during the study period and omnivorous birds (29%) were found in highest number followed by invertivores (26%), carnivores (25%), granivores (8%), herbivores (7%), frugivores (3%), and nectarivores (2%). The present study is a preliminary effort to document the avifaunal diversity of Purulia and a more extensive systematic study should be carried out to investigate and protect the avifaunal diversity of this region.
Rediscovery of the rare Desert Grizzled Skipper Spialia doris evanida Butler, 1880 (Hesperiidae: Pyrginae) from the Thar Desert, Rajasthan, India
Authors: Meena Shyam Sundar , Tripathi Anil , Koli Vijay Kumar , Awan M. Akram 
Published: March 2021

The Desert Grizzled Skipper Spialia doris, a rare butterfly to the Indian subcontinent, prefers an arid and rocky environment. In this manuscript we report the rediscovery of this species from the Thar Desert, Rajasthan, India after 67 years with a note about its habitat.
The genus Basiria Siddiqi, 1959 (Nematoda: Tylenchidae) from Dezful region, Iran
Authors: Hosseinvand Manouchehr , Eskandari Ali , Ghaderi Reza 
Published: March 2021

A survey was conducted during 2018 and 2019 in order to identify plant-parasitic nematodes of the genus Basiria in Dezful region of Khuzestan province, southwestern Iran. Nematodes were extracted from the soil and root samples by using tray method, transferred to glycerin and mounted on permanent slides. Nematodes were identified based on morphological and morphometric characters. As a result, eight species including B. aberrans, B. duplexa, B. gracilis, B. jirians, B. tumida, B. graminophila, B. ritteri, and B. similis were identified; three species namely B. jirians, B. ritteri, and B. similis are here described and illustrated for the first time from Iran. B. jirians is characterized by body length 445–535 µm, stylet 9.0–9.2 µm, cephalic region without annuli, DGO 2.0–2.5 µm, median bulb at anterior end of pharynx, basal bulb pyriform, spermatheca non offset and tail elongate conoid with pointed to filiform terminus. B. ritteri can be characterized by body length 685–747 µm, stylet 10.5–11.5 µm, median bulb located at anterior half of pharynx, basal bulb cylindroid, spermatheca non offset and tail annulated and notched at tip. B. similis is characterized by body length 644–736 µm, stylet 10.3–11 µm, DGO 8.9–10.5 µm, basal bulb cylindroid and tail clavate.
First confirmed sightings of Blue Whales Balaenoptera musculus Linnaeus, 1758 (Mammalia: Cetartiodactyla: Balaenopteridae) in the Philippines since the 19th century
Authors: Acebes Jo Marie Vera , Silberg Joshua Neal , Gardner Timothy John , Sabater Edna Rex , Tiongson Angelico Jose Cavada , Dumandan Patricia , Verdote Diana Maria Margarita , Emata Christine Louise , Utzurrum Jean , Yaptinchay Arnel Andrew 
Published: March 2021

For over two centuries there were no records of Blue Whales Balaenoptera musculus in the Philippines. Whalers recorded Blue Whales in the Philippines in the 19th century, and the next confirmed sighting in the country was of a mother and calf in 2004. Since then 33 subsequent Blue Whale sightings of potentially one individual were recorded between 2004 and 2019, all within the central region of the Philippines around the Bohol Sea. This individual, recognized through photo-identification, was sighted on at least 13 occasions during eight different years: 2010, 2011, 2012, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, and 2019. The geographic location and timing of the sightings (January to July) suggest that Blue Whales in the Philippines may extend the outer range edge of the Indo-Australian population that migrate between western Australia, Indonesia, and East Timor. Blue Whale sightings in the Bohol Sea coincide with times of high ocean productivity, although further investigation is needed to determine if they are actually feeding in this region. Acoustic studies and photo-identification matching with other Blue Whale catalogues will clarify the stock identity of Blue Whales in the Philippines and their relation to the rest of the Blue Whale population, with implications for the conservation of this endangered species across multiple jurisdictions.
The American Art of Memory
Authors: Corrigan John Michael 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article provides a genealogy of the architectural figuration of human cognition from the ancient world to Renaissance Europe and, finally, to the American Renaissance where it came to possess a striking cultural and literary potency. The first section pursues the two-fold task of elucidating this archetypal trope for consciousness, both its ancient moorings and its eventual transmission into Europe. The second section shows that three of the most prominent writers of the American Renaissance—Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, and Nathaniel Hawthorne—engaged this mystically inspired architectonic symbolism, employing far older techno-cultural suppositions about interior space. I thereby offer an account of the intellectual and spiritual heritage upon which Romantic writers in the United States drew to articulate cognitive interiority. These Romantics did more than value creativity in contradistinction to Enlightenment rationalism; they were acknowledging themselves as recipients of the ancient belief in cosmogenesis as self-transformation.
Externalism, Warrant, and the Question of Relativism
Authors: Shin Yoon 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
According to James K.A. Smith, contemporary epistemology is overly focused on the noetic. Smith offers a counter-epistemology drawn from pentecostal spirituality that is narrative, affective, and embodied. Richard Davis and Paul Franks criticize this model and argue that it succumbs to story-relativism and arbitrariness. This article defends Smith against their critiques through three steps. First, it exposits Smith’s narrative, affective epistemology in order to identify areas that are relevant to their critiques. Second, it outlines and analyzes their critiques, reveals areas in which they fundamentally misunderstand Smith, and presents their commitment to epistemological objectivism. Finally, utilizing Alvin Plantinga’s externalist warrant model, it argues that Plantinga’s Reformed epistemology can assist Smith’s epistemology in consistent ways. If the following argument is successful, then Smith’s postmodern pentecostal epistemology can be reimagined as an externalist epistemology that overcomes the charges of relativism and arbitrariness.
Did God Answer That Prayer?
Authors: Woznicki Christopher G. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In his recent book Petitionary Prayer, Scott Davison presents an epistemological challenge to petitionary prayer. He asks: If S prays for God to bring about event E, and E in fact occurs, how could one be justified in believing that E was an answer to S’s prayer? Apart from direct revelation in which God explicitly provides reasons for believing that E was an answer to prayer, Davison argues, S could not know that S’s prayer had been answered by God. Thus, the person praying should remain agnostic about answered prayers. I argue that in failing to attend to two theological resources available in the Christian tradition—the concept of spiritual senses and teachings about the relational nature of prayer—Davison’s conclusion is premature. Drawing upon recent literature on the epistemology of perception and the theology of prayer, I argue that one can be confident that God has answered one’s prayers.
The Effect of Sea Surface Temperature Fronts on Atmospheric Frontogenesis
Authors: Reeder Michael J. , Spengler Thomas , Spensberger Clemens 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIt is thought that the sensible heat fluxes associated with sea surface temperature (SST) fronts can affect the genesis and evolution of atmospheric fronts. An analytic model is developed and used to explore this idea. The model predictions are compared with climatologies of atmospheric fronts over the North Atlantic Ocean identified in reanalyses. The climatologies are divided into times when fronts are detected at a point and times when they are not, and compared with model results with and without fronts in their initial conditions.In airstreams with fronts, both the climatologies and model show that adiabatic frontogenesis is much more important than diabatic frontogenesis. They also show that there is weak diabatic frontogenesis associated with differential sensible heating over the SST front and frontolysis either side of it. Because of the upstream and downstream frontolysis, the SST front has relatively little net effect on atmospheric fronts in the model. This result holds true as the width and strength of the SST front changes.In airstreams initially without fronts, a combination of adiabatic and diabatic frontogenesis is important for the local genesis of atmospheric fronts over the SST front. The model shows sustained frontogenesis only when the deformation is sufficiently strong or when the translation speed is low, as advection otherwise weakens the potential temperature gradient. This strong localized diabatic frontogenesis, which is amplified by adiabatic frontogenesis, can result in a front, which is consistent with atmospheric fronts in the region being most frequently located along the SST front.
Relationship between Prediction Skill of Surface Winds in Average of Weeks 1–4 and Interannual Variability over the Western Pacific and Indian Ocean
Authors: Shukla Ravi P. , Kinter J. L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study examines the possible relationship between predictions of weekly and biweekly averages of 10-m winds at 3-week lead time and interannual variability over the western Pacific and Indian Ocean (WP-IO) using Climate Forecast System version 2 (CFSv2) reforecasts for period 1979–2008. There is a large temporal correlation between forecasts and reanalyses for zonal, meridional, and total wind magnitudes at 10 m over most of WP-IO for the average of weeks 1 and 2 (W1 and W2) in reforecasts initialized in January (JIR) and May (MIR). The model has some correlations that exceed 95% confidence in some portions of WP-IO in week 3 (W3) but no skill in week 4 (W4) over most of the region. The model depicts prediction skill in the 14-day average of weeks 3–4 (W3–4) over portions of WP-IO, similar to the level of skill in W3. The amplitude of interannual variability (IAV) for 10-m winds in W1 of JIR and MIR is close to that in reanalyses. As lead time increases, the amplitude of IAV of 10-m winds gradually decreases over WP-IO in reforecasts, in contrast to behavior in reanalyses. The amplitude of IAV of predicted 10-m winds in W3–4 over WP-IO is equivalent to that in W3 and W4 in reforecasts. In contrast, the amplitude of IAV in W3–4 in January and May of the reanalysis is much smaller than IAV of W3 and W4. Therefore, one of the possible causes for prediction skill in W3–4 over subregions of WP-IO is due to a reduction of IAV bias in W3–4 in comparison to IAV bias in W3 and W4.
Mourning, Activism, and Queer Desires: Ni Una Menos and Carri’s Las hijas del fuego
Authors: Sosa Cecilia 
Published: March 2021

Argentina’s neoconservative backlash (2015–2019) has rather paradoxically been marked by an unprecedented entanglement of ongoing memory struggles and a recent feminist awakening. A critical reading of this entwining traces the queer reworking of dictatorship trauma during the Kirchnerist administrations (2003–2015) and explores the way the post-2015 cycle nurtured a feminist irruption that contested long-standing forms of patriarchy. The feminist movement Ni Una Menos has transitioned from victimization to joy. Albertina Carri’s lesbian-porn fictional film Las hijas del fuego (2018) can be read as an expression of a novel amalgam of disappearance, sexuality, and politics. The spirit of contagion radiated by the film sheds light on the “revolution of the daughters” now taking place in the streets. La reacción neoconservadora de Argentina (2015-2019) se ha visto paradójicamente marcada por una vinculación sin precedentes entre las luchas de memoria en curso y un reciente despertar feminista. Una lectura critica entrelaza una reelaboración queer del trauma de la dictadura durante las administraciones kirchneristas (2003-2015) a la vez que explora la forma en que el ciclo post-2015 alimentó una irrupción feminista impugnó viejas formas del patriarcado. El movimiento feminista Ni Una Menos ha pasado de la victimización a la alegría. La ficción pornográfica lésbica Las hijas del fuego (2018), de Albertina Carri, se puede leer como la expresión de una nueva amalgama de desaparición, sexualidad y política. El espíritu de contagio irradiado por la película arroja luz sobre la “revolución de las hijas” que tiene lugar en las calles.
The Sexual Politics of Beauty: Reflections on Contemporary Argentine Cinema
Authors: Kratje Julia 
Published: March 2021

A sketch of the imagery of feminine beauty in contemporary Argentine cinema focusing on the history of regional beauty pageants, the way bodies are displayed, and the critique of conventional aesthetic parameters contributes to a comparative analysis of the documentaries La reina (2013), by Manuel Abramovich, and La más bella niña (2004), by Mariano Llinás, which demonstrate new approaches to old questions about the sexual politics of beauty. Un esbozo de la historia de los certámenes regionales, las condiciones de visibilidad de los cuerpos y la crítica de los parámetros estéticos convencionales contribuye a un análisis comparativo de los documentales La Reina (2013), de Manuel Abramovich, y La más bella niña (2004), de Mariano Llinás, que demuestran nuevas derivas para enfocar viejas preguntas alrededor de la política sexual de la belleza.
Interposing layer of fibrin glue: A new horizon in vesico-vaginal fistula repair
Authors: Choudhury Sunirmal , Dutta Avisek , Gupta Naveen , Pal Dilip Kumar 
Published: March 2021

Aim: In this study our idea is to compare the effectiveness of using interposing layer of fibrin glue to omental flap in reducing the failure of laparoscopic vesicovaginal fistula repair. Methods: Forty patients with fairly large vesicovaginal fistula were enrolled and divided in two groups of 20 each. We have used fibrin glue in one group and omental flap in the other group. Result: Of 20 patients in fibrin glue group no failure was seen, while 5 patients out of 20 in omental flap group had failure. Conclusion: This result is statistically significant and hence use of fibrin glue to be considered during laparoscopic repair of vesicovaginal fistulas.
Mother-to-child transmission of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Trichomonas vaginalis in HIV-infected pregnant women in South Africa
Authors: Peters Remco PH , Feucht Ute D , de Vos Lindsey , Ngwepe Phuti , McIntyre James A , Klausner Jeffrey D , Medina-Marino Andrew 
Published: March 2021

Background: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) can be transmitted from mother to neonate. We determined the frequency of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Trichomonas vaginalis to the newborn nasopharynx. Methods: This study was nested in a cohort study of etiologic testing versus syndromic management for STIs among pregnant women living with human immunodeficiency virus in South Africa. Mothers were tested for STIs using the GeneXpert platform within 60 days after delivery. Nasopharyngeal swabs were obtained from newborns of mothers with a positive STI test; these were then tested by Xpert® on the same day based on the maternal STI diagnosis. Results. We tested nasopharyngeal swabs from 85 STI-exposed newborns; 74 (87%) were tested within 2 weeks after birth (median five; range 2–12 days). MTCT frequency of any STI was 30/74 (41%); 43% (23/53) for C. trachomatis, 29% (2/7) for N. gonorrhoeae, and 24% (6/25) for T. vaginalis. Also, 4/11 (36%) swabs obtained between 14 and 60 days after delivery tested positive for STI. Conclusions: There was a high frequency of MTCT of STIs to the nasopharynx of newborns in our setting. The impact of nasopharyngeal colonization and the benefits of STI testing on newborn health remain to be determined.
Clinico-pathological associations of serum VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 levels in patients with lupus nephritis
Authors: Yu Kelvin YC , Yung Susan , Chau Mel KM , Tang Colin SO , Yap Desmond YH , Tang Alexander HN , Ying Shirley KY , Lee Cheuk Kwong , Chan Tak Mao 
Published: March 2021

Objective We investigated the clinico-pathological associations of serum VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 levels in patients with biopsy-proven Class III/IV±V lupus nephritis (LN). Methods Serum VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 levels were determined by ELISAs. Sera from patients with non-renal SLE or non-lupus chronic kidney disease (CKD), and healthy subjects served as controls. Results Seropositivity rate for VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 was 93.10% and 37.93% respectively at the time of nephritic flare, and 44.83% and 13.79% respectively at remission, with both showing higher levels during flare ( P < 0.05, for both). VCAM-1 level correlated with proteinuria, serum creatinine, and anti-dsDNA antibodies, and inversely correlated with C3. VCAM-1 level also correlated with leukocyte infiltration and fibrinoid necrosis/karyorrhexis scores in active LN kidney biopsies. ICAM-1 level correlated with proteinuria, but not anti-dsDNA or C3, nor histopathological features. VCAM-1 level increased 4.5 months before renal flare, while ICAM-1 increase coincided with flare, and both decreased after treatment. ROC analysis showed that VCAM-1 distinguished active LN from healthy subjects, LN in remission, active non-renal lupus, and CKD (ROC AUC of 0.98, 0.86, 0.93 and 0.90 respectively). VCAM-1 level in combination with either proteinuria or C3 was superior in distinguishing active LN from remission compared to the measurement of individual markers. Serum ICAM-1 level distinguished active LN from healthy subjects and LN patients in remission (ROC AUC of 0.75 and 0.66 respectively), but did not distinguish between renal versus non-renal lupus. ICAM-1 level in combination with markers of endothelial cell activation (syndecan-1, hyaluronan and thrombomodulin) was superior to proteinuria, anti-dsDNA, or C3 in distinguishing active LN from quiescent disease. Conclusion Our findings suggest potential utility of serum VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 in clinical management. Monitoring VCAM-1 may facilitate early diagnosis of flare. Combining selected biomarkers may be advantageous in diagnosing active LN. VCAM-1 may have a pathogenic role in renal parenchymal inflammation in active LN.
Anterior approach levator plication for congenital ptosis, absorpable versus non absorpable sutures
Authors: Salamah Moustafa , Eid Ashraf Mahrous , Albialy Hani , Sharaf EL Deen Sherif 
Published: March 2021

Purpose: To compare the efficacy of two different suture types in levator plication for correction of congenital ptosis. Subjects and methods: Prospective comparative interventional randomized study involving 42 eyes of 42 patients aged more than 6 years with congenital ptosis and good levator action. The exclusion criteria were as follows: bilateral ptosis, history of previous surgery, fair or poor levator action, and associated other ocular diseases. Patients were randomized into group A, in which double-armed 5/0 polyester Ethibond were used, and group B, in which double-armed 5/0 Coated Vicryl® (polyglactin 910) suture material we used. Outcomes including eyelid height and stability of eyelid height over time were compared with follow-up data. The MRD was 4.05 ± 0.36 mm and 3.95 ± 0.34 after 1 week for both groups A and B, respectively. At the end of study follow up period (24 weeks), the MRD was 3.60 ± 0.42 mm in group A, and 2.52 ± 0.85 mm in group B. Conclusion: No difference in eyelid height between two groups in early postoperative period, but the postoperative eyelid height was more stable over time in the 5/0 polyester Ethibond group (group A) than in the 5/0 Coated Vicryl® (polyglactin 910) group (group B).
Intracranial microhemorrhages in the setting of COVID-19: what we know so far
Authors: Benson John C , Hunt Christopher H , Klaas James P , Kallmes David F 
Published: March 2021

Background Diffuse intracranial susceptibility abnormalities have recently been described among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), although prior studies have consisted of case reports and/or series. This brief literature review seeks to compile and catalogue the available data to elucidate characteristic features of such findings. Materials and methods Scientific articles and studies on intracranial microhemorrhages in the setting of COVID-19 were searched on PubMed, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library. Included studies described intracranial microbleed(s) on magnetic resonance imaging in patients with COVID-19. If multiple patients were described, only patients with intracranial microhemorrhage on magnetic resonance imaging were included for analysis. Patient demographics, severity of illness (e.g. intensive care unit admission and/or intubation), time from diagnosis of COVID-19 to magnetic resonance imaging, and location(s) of any observed microhemorrhages were noted. Results A total of 39 patients with suspected intracranial microhemorrhages have been described in prior studies. The average age of patients was 64.7 years; 21.9% were women. The average time between COVID-19 diagnosis and magnetic resonance imaging was 31.7 days. All patients in the cohort were admitted to critical care and were either intubated or treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation during their clinical course. Microhemorrhages were most commonly located in the subcortical/juxtacortical white matter and corpus callosum. Conclusions Intracranial microbleeds are a well-documented finding in patients with severe COVID-19, and are most commonly callosal and subcortical/juxtacortical in location.