bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Statin Use in Older Adults with Stable Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Spencer‐Bonilla Gabriela , Chung Sukyung , Sarraju Ashish , Heidenreich Paul , Palaniappan Latha , Rodriguez Fatima 
Published: January 2021

Background/ObjectivesOlder adults (>75 years of age) represent two‐thirds of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) deaths. The 2013 and 2018 American multi‐society cholesterol guidelines recommend using at least moderate intensity statins for older adults with ASCVD. We examined annual trends and statin prescribing patterns in a multiethnic population of older adults with ASCVD.DesignRetrospective longitudinal study using electronic health record (EHR) data from 2007 to 2018.SettingA large multi‐specialty health system in Northern California.ParticipantsA total of 24,651 adults older than 75 years with ASCVD.MeasurementsStatin prescriptions for older adults with known ASCVD were trended over time. Multivariable regression models were used to identify predictors of statin prescription (logistic) after controlling for relevant demographic and clinical factors.ResultsThe study cohort included 24,651 patients older than 75 years; 48% were women. Although prescriptions for moderate/high intensity statins increased over time for adults over 75, fewer than half of the patients (45%) received moderate/high intensity statins in 2018. Women (odds ratio (OR) = 0.77; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.74, 0.80), patients who had heart failure (OR = 0.69; 95% CI = 0.65, 0.74), those with dementia (OR = 0.88; 95% CI = 0.82, 0.95) and patients who were underweight (OR = 0.64; 95% CI = 0.57, 0.73) were less likely to receive moderate/high intensity statins.ConclusionsDespite increasing prescription rates between 2007 and 2018, guideline‐recommended statins remained underused in older adults with ASCVD, with more pronounced disparities among women and those with certain comorbidities. Future studies are warranted to examine reasons for statin underuse in older adults with ASCVD.
Morphologic assessment of hypertonic citrate adenine, histidine–tryptophan–ketoglutarate, and university of Wisconsin solutions for hypothermic uterus preservation in rats
Authors: Liu Yu , Ding Yan , Zhang Xuyin , Zhang Ying , Hua Keqin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimOptimizing perfusate for static cold storage is one of the key ways of reducing organ dysfunction and rejection in organ transplantation. Here, we tested the effectiveness of the three different solutions for hypothermic uterus preservation.MethodsTwenty rats were divided into four groups, five in each group. Uterine grafts were retrieved and perfused in situ. The uteri were preserved at 4°C in normal saline as control group (group NS), hypertonic citrate adenine (group HCA), histidine–tryptophan–ketoglutarate (group HTK), or university of Wisconsin solutions (group UW) for 0, 12, 24, and 48 h, respectively. HE, electron microscopy, TUNEL staining, and Cleaved Caspase3 immunohistochemical staining were assessed at each time point.ResultsThere was no significant difference in the uterine retrieval time, perfusion time, and the amount of perfusion solution in NS, HCA, HTK, and UW groups (p > 0.05). HCA and HTK can well preserve the pathological morphology of rat uterine tissues for up to 24 h, and the apoptosis rates of the two groups are 7.2% and 7.1%, respectively, with no statistical difference (p > 0.05). Still, the protective effect of HTK on the ultrastructure of cells was much better than HCA. There was a significant difference in the apoptosis rate of UW (6.5%), HTK (8.8%), and HCA (9.4%) at 48 h, with mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum structure well preserved only in UW.ConclusionAt 4°C, normal saline is not suitable to preserve rat uterus for more than 12 h. The morphologic results would favor the use of HTK rather than HCA for short‐term hypothermic uterus preservation (≤24 h). UW is better than HTK and HCA for 48 h hypothermic uterus preservation.
Sensory acceptance of food developed for older adults in different settings
Authors: Svendsen Jonas Anias , Okkels Signe Loftager , Knudsen Anne Wilkens , Munk Tina , Beck Anne Marie 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNursing home residents and patients discharged from hospital are at high risk of malnutrition. Their nutritional status could possibly be improved by identifying and serving meals according to their preferences. The aim of the present study was therefore to test the sensory acceptance of a culinary improved meals‐on‐wheels menu developed for nursing home residents in two other settings with different participants. The participants (52 in a nursing home setting, 527 in an outpatient setting and 25 in a home setting) evaluated liking of appearance, flavor, and texture on a five‐point liking scale. A value of 3.5 was selected to evaluate if a certain hedonic aspect was accepted. The results showed that all meals in the culinary improved menu were well‐liked. Still, we did see that some of the meals were rated below 3.5, probably because of age‐related differences and/or the context of the study settings. Hence, for future studies, different levels of culinary adjustments of these meals could be investigated to find the optimal level, still making the meal a stimulating experience.Practical applicationThis study demonstrated how small, fortified and familiar meals might successfully be applied to improve the nutritional status of a broad group of older adults. When creating a menu for older adults, you need to consider the portion size, the energy and protein content as well as the preferences of older adults. Meal tasting sessions with older adults can be used to gain insight into meal preferences and target product development to improve food intake.
Systematic review with meta‐analysis: Probiotics for treating acute diarrhoea in children with dehydration
Authors: Wu Hai‐Lin , Zhan Xue 
Published: January 2021

AimThis study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of probiotics in treating children with acute diarrhoea and dehydration.MethodsMedline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library databases were searched for relevant studies and statistical analysis was performed.ResultsA total of 17 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) involving 2861 participants met the inclusion criteria. Compared with placebo, probiotics reduced the duration of diarrhoea (12 RCTs [15, 17], n = 1907, mean difference − 21.33 h, confidence interval (CI) −29.74 to −12.91, high heterogeneity, I2 = 86%), the duration of hospitalisation when compared with placebo (eight RCTs [19, 20], n = 1606, mean difference − 0.83 days, CI −1.53 to −0.12, high heterogeneity, I2 = 96%) and reduced risk of diarrhoea on day 4 or more days (six RCTs [19, 20], n = 1093, risk difference − 0.13, 95% CI −0.17– −0.09, no heterogeneity).ConclusionsProbiotics alongside rehydration therapy appear to be safe and have clear beneficial effects in shortening the duration of diarrhoea in children with acute diarrhoea and dehydration.
Impact of state‐level training requirements for medical providers on receipt of preventive oral health services for young children enrolled in Medicaid
Authors: Goldstein Evan V. , Dick Andrew W. , Ross Rachel , Stein Bradley D. , Kranz Ashley M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectivesYoung children enrolled in Medicaid make few dental visits and have high rates of tooth decay. To improve access to care, state Medicaid programs have enacted policies encouraging nondental providers to deliver preventive oral health services (POHS) in medical offices. Policies vary by state, with some states requiring medical providers to obtain training prior to delivering POHS. Our objective was to test whether these training requirements were associated with higher rates of POHS for Medicaid‐enrolled children <6 years.MethodsThis study took advantage of a natural experiment in which policy enactment occurred across states at different times. We used Medicaid Analytic eXtract enrollment and claims data, public policy data, and Area Health Resource Files data. We examined an unweighted sample of 8,711,192 (45,107,240 weighted) Medicaid‐enrolled children <6 years in 38 states from 2006 to 2014. Multivariable logistic regression models estimated the odds a child received POHS in a calendar year. Results are presented as adjusted probabilities.ResultsFive or more years after policy enactment, the probability of a child receiving POHS in medical offices was 10.7 percent in states with training requirements compared to 5.0 percent in states without training requirements (P = 0.01). Findings were similar when receipt of any POHS in medical or dental offices was examined 5 or more years post‐policy‐enactment (requirement = 42.5 percent, no requirement = 33.6 percent, P < 0.001).ConclusionsMedicaid policies increased young children's receipt of POHS and at higher rates in states that required POHS training. These results suggest that oral health training for nondental practitioners is a key component of policy success.
Sleep, academic achievement, and cognitive performance in children with attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder: A polysomnographic study
Authors: Ruiz‐Herrera Noelia , Guillén‐Riquelme Alejandro , Díaz‐Román Amparo , Buela‐Casal Gualberto 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe objective of this study was to examine the influence of parent‐reported and polysomnography (PSG)‐measured sleep patterns on the academic and cognitive performance of children with attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We assessed 91 children (18 girls) diagnosed with ADHD aged 7–11 years (29 ADHD‐Inattentive, 32 ADHD‐Hyperactive/Impulsive, and 31 ADHD‐Combined). The Paediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ) and Paediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS) were used to assess subjective sleep quality, as perceived by parents, and objective sleep variables were assessed by PSG. Cognitive performance was evaluated using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC), and the final average grade of the last school year was used as a measure of academic performance. Academic performance was predicted by the following sleep variables: Sleep time, time in bed, night awakenings, and daytime sleepiness. The best predictors of cognitive performance in children with ADHD were rapid eye movement latency, light sleep, periodic limb movements index (PLMs), awakenings, and daytime sleepiness. In conclusion, sleep parameters are closely associated with the academic and cognitive functioning of children with ADHD.
Sink or swim: Risk stratification of preweaning mortality in harbor seal pups (Phoca vitulina richardii) admitted for rehabilitation
Authors: Cole Justine , Fraser David 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTo date, few consistent relationships between survival in rehabilitation programs and diagnostic measures recorded upon admission have been identified for harbor seal pups. Veterinary records for 718 unweaned Pacific harbor seal pups (Phoca vitulina richardii) admitted to a rehabilitation center were examined to identify clinical factors associated with preweaning survival and develop a triage tool to stratify pups according to their risk of mortality. Physical, serum chemical, and hematological variables were examined and their relationship with survival to weaning was assessed by logistic regression and classification and regression tree (CART) analysis. Survival to weaning was 85.1% and many clinical variables reflecting the pups’ age, size, growth, injuries, and blood parameters were associated with the likelihood of survival. A decision tree model, consisting of serum concentrations of phosphorus, sodium, and calcium, successfully stratified harbor seal pups into clinical subgroups according to their preweaning mortality risk. For both the derivation and validation cohorts, pups classified as “high risk” had significantly lower odds of survival, while those classified as “low risk” had significantly greater odds of survival. This simple decision tree could serve as a practical triage tool to help identify and direct care towards pups at higher risk of preweaning mortality.
Maize metabolome and proteome responses to controlled cold stress partly mimic early‐sowing effects in the field and differ from those of Arabidopsis
Authors: Urrutia Maria , Blein‐Nicolas Mélisande , Prigent Sylvain , Bernillon Stéphane , Deborde Catherine , Balliau Thierry , Maucourt Mickaël , Jacob Daniel , Ballias Patricia , Bénard Camille , Sellier Hélène , Gibon Yves , Giauffret Catherine , Zivy Michel , Moing Annick 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn Northern Europe, sowing maize one‐month earlier than current agricultural practices may lead to moderate chilling damage. However, studies of the metabolic responses to low, non‐freezing, temperatures remain scarce. Here, genetically‐diverse maize hybrids (Zea mays, dent inbred lines crossed with a flint inbred line) were cultivated in a growth chamber at optimal temperature and then three decreasing temperatures for 2 days each, as well as in the field. Leaf metabolomic and proteomic profiles were determined. In the growth chamber, 50% of metabolites and 18% of proteins changed between 20 and 16°C. These maize responses, partly differing from those of Arabidopsis to short‐term chilling, were mapped on genome‐wide metabolic maps. Several metabolites and proteins showed similar variation for all temperature decreases: seven MS‐based metabolite signatures and two proteins involved in photosynthesis decreased continuously. Several increasing metabolites or proteins in the growth‐chamber chilling conditions showed similar trends in the early‐sowing field experiment, including trans‐aconitate, three hydroxycinnamate derivatives, a benzoxazinoid, a sucrose synthase, lethal leaf‐spot 1 protein, an allene oxide synthase, several glutathione transferases and peroxidases. Hybrid groups based on field biomass were used to search for the metabolite or protein responses differentiating them in growth‐chamber conditions, which could be of interest for breeding.
Estimating uncertainty: A Bayesian approach to modelling photosynthesis in C3 leaves
Authors: Xiao Yi , Sloan Jen , Hepworth Chris , Osborne Colin P. , Fleming Andrew J. , Chen Xingyuan , Zhu Xin‐Guang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe Farquhar‐von Caemmerer‐Berry (FvCB) model is extensively used to model photosynthesis from gas exchange measurements. Since its publication, many methods have been developed to measure, or more accurately estimate, parameters of this model. Here, we have created a tool that uses Bayesian statistics to fit photosynthetic parameters using concurrent gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence measurements whilst evaluating the reliability of the parameter estimation. We have tested this tool on synthetic data and experimental data from rice leaves. Our results indicate that reliable parameter estimation can be achieved whilst only keeping one parameter, Km, that is, Michaelis constant for CO2 by Rubisco, prefixed. Additionally, we show that including detailed low CO2 measurements at low light levels increases reliability and suggests this as a new standard measurement protocol. By providing an estimated distribution of parameter values, the tool can be used to evaluate the quality of data from gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence measurement protocols. Compared to earlier model fitting methods, the use of a Bayesian statistics‐based tool minimizes human interaction during fitting, reducing the subjectivity which is essential to most existing tools. A user friendly, interactive Bayesian tool script is provided.
Anti‐nuclear antibody testing in children: How much is really necessary?
Authors: Haslak Fatih , Yildiz Mehmet , Altun Ilayda , Yilmaz Gizem , Adrovic Amra , Sahin Sezgin , Koker Oya , Aliyeva Ayten , Barut Kenan , Kasapcopur Ozgur 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundAnti‐nuclear antibody (ANA) testing is most commonly ordered by general pediatricians to evaluate children with musculoskeletal system complaints. Given the limited utility of the test, we aimed to estimate the effectiveness of ordering ANA testing in childhood.MethodsChildren referred to our department to be examined due to positive ANA findings between 2008 and 2020 were included in the study. Those with less than one‐year follow‐up period, those with previously known rheumatic or autoimmune disease, and those diagnosed as an autoimmune and/or rheumatic disease at the first visit were excluded. Data were obtained from their medical records, retrospectively. The parents of all of the patients were called via phone, data were verified, and missing information was collected.ResultsThree hundred and fifty‐eight patients (230 females) were eligible for the study. The median age of positive ANA findings was 9.31 (1.3–17.86) years and the median follow‐up duration was 4.85 (1–11.91) years. Most of the patients had no underlying disease (n = 337, 94.1%). The most common reason for ordering ANA testing was to evaluate musculoskeletal system symptoms (n = 225, 62.8%). None of our patients referred to us due to positive ANA findings developed any autoimmune conditions or ANA associated rheumatic disease. Hypermobility syndrome is the most common final diagnosis among our ANA‐positive patients.ConclusionWe suggest that instead of using it as a screening tool, ANA testing should be performed only if there is a strong suspicion of autoimmune diseases or certain rheumatic conditions, such as systemic lupus erythematosus.
A comparison of learning outcomes from two poverty simulation experiences
Authors: Sanko Jill S. , Matsuda Yui , Salani Deborah , Tran Lien , Reaves Regine , Gerber Kathryn 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectivesFive nationally representative U.S. federal data sources consistently showed the link between poverty and poor health outcomes. To determine the modality effective in teaching students about poverty and health, this study compared the attitudes toward poverty of students participating in the Community Action Poverty Simulation (CAPS) and the poverty table‐top simulation (Dwell™).MethodsIn this quasi‐experimental study, undergraduate and graduate nursing students and physical therapy students participated in either CAPS or a table‐top simulation (TTS) depending on their semester of enrollment in the relevant course. The Undergraduate Perception of Poverty Tracking Survey (UPPTS) was administered before and after each simulation.ResultsThe analysis included 118 matched pairs. Using MANOVA tests, the authors found no group difference in the overall change of attitude after the simulations (p = .232). However, by the subscale analyses, TTS significantly increased students' willingness to help (p = .008, η2 = 0.058) and their empathy toward those living in poverty (p = .039, η2 = 0.039).ConclusionTTS participants had more elements of improvement, but both modalities were found to change participants’ attitudes.
Final yield of the brown alga Cladosiphon okamuranus (Chordariaceae, Phaeophyceae) may depend on nursery quality
Authors: Sato Yoichi , Nagoe Hikari , Ito Michihiro , Konishi Teruko , Fujimura Hiroyuki , Nishihara Gregory N. , Tanaka Atsuko 
Published: January 2021

SUMMARYCladosiphon okamuranus (Chordariaceae, Phaeophyceae) production is an important economic activity in the islands of Okinawa, Japan, and has been unstable for the past decade. Local producers surmise that unstable yields are related to highly localized environmental conditions. We report that the differential yields of C. okamuranus harvested from experimental nets during the 2019 season at two adjacent nurseries (less than 40 m apart), which were designated as a poor or good nursery by local producers, were 137 and 253 kg (wet weight), respectively. In fact, nutrient conditions between the poor and good nursery were slightly different, although involvement of some unsurveyed environmental factors cannot be excluded at present. Additionally, we report on a thallus shearing phenomenon that led to the catastrophic loss of thalli from the cultivation nets.
International trade with social comparisons
Authors: Lian Zeng , Lien Jaimie W. , Lu Lin , Zheng Jie 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAs consumers in countries around the world become increasingly aware of and sensitive to the products that their foreign counterparts consume, a natural question is what predictions do classic trade frameworks hold when incorporating social comparison‐based preferences? We analyze this question in a general equilibrium framework for a two‐country, two‐good world, in which the gap between domestic and foreign consumption of a product can enter into the representative consumer’s utility function. We consider nine exhaustive social comparison scenarios, which differ based upon the combination and origin of products that consumers of each country hold a social comparison over. We show that Home Comparison preference (social comparison over the home‐produced good) unilaterally brings consumption and welfare benefits to the home country, and global welfare is enhanced when both countries maintain such preferences (Dual Home Comparison). Moreover, Foreign Envy (social comparison over the foreign‐produced good) is disadvantageous to the home country, contributing negatively to welfare when the other country either prefers its own produced good or has no particular social preference. Mutual Foreign Envy however, tends to contribute positively to global welfare. Our analysis helps to explain the social welfare incentives of policy‐makers in promoting cross‐country comparisons of domestic goods among their own consumers, while advocating domestically produced goods as status symbols abroad.
Pain prevalence among residents living in nursing homes and its association with quality of life and well‐being
Authors: Sjölund Britt‐Marie , Mamhidir Anna‐Greta , Engström Maria 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundPain is common and often more complex to assess among nursing homes residents with cognitive impairments. Thus, more research is needed of different pain assessment methods in elderly care and how these assessments outcomes are related to quality of life, as there mostly should be a negative relationship. There is a risk that pain are under diagnosed among persons with cognitive impairment.AimThe aim was to describe and compare pain prevalence among nursing home residents (1) using different pain assessment methods (2) in relation to cognitive status and to (3) examine associations between pain and quality of life or well‐being.MethodsA cross‐sectional correlational design was used, participants were 213 nursing home residents and data were collected through interviews using standardised protocols. Instrument used were Katz index of ADL, Mini‐Mental‐State‐Examination, Quality of Life in Late‐Stage Dementia scale, WHO‐5 well‐being index, Numeric Rating Scale and Doloplus‐2 scale.ResultsThe results showed high pain prevalence, but no significant difference based on cognitive level. Pain classification at the individual level varied somewhat when different instruments are used. The results indicated that use of a single‐item proxy‐measure for pain tends to show higher pain prevalence and was not statistically significant related to quality of life. The relationship with quality of life was statistically significant when self‐rated pain instruments or multi‐component observation were used.ConclusionsThe study shows that it is difficult to estimate pain in residents living at nursing homes and that it continues to be a challenge to solve. Self‐rated pain should be used primarily to assess pain, and a multi‐component observation scale for pain should be used when residents are cognitively impaired. Both self‐rated pain and multi‐component observation also support the well‐known link between pain and quality of life. Single‐item proxy assessments should only be used in exceptional cases.