bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experiences and Challenges of Foreign Agricultural Workers in Finland
Authors: Mattila Tiina E. A. , Ovaska Ulla , Kinnunen Birgitta , Tuure Veli-Matti , Leppälä Jarkko , Taattola Kirsti , Rinnola Virve , Rautiainen Risto H. 
Published: January 2021

HighlightsBetter control of musculoskeletal workload remains a key factor in improving working conditions on Finnish farms.Orientation and training of workers should be carefully prepared with attention to content, method, and timing.Continued training is needed, especially for foremen and the increasing number of long-term foreign workers.Abstract. Foreign workers have become an important part of the workforce on horticulture and livestock farms in Finland. The aim of this study was to investigate the experiences of foreign workers regarding their working and living conditions. We conducted semi-structured theme interviews during two time periods: in 2008-2009 (n = 40 workers on eight farms) and again in 2018-2019 (n = 9 workers on four farms). We found variations in expectations and goals among workers when they take a job abroad. Compelling factors in the origin country included unemployment, low wages, and low standards of living, and enticing factors in the destination country included social relationships and expectations of better income. Personal networks had a strong role in the recruiting processes. Work on farms is physically demanding, and being a foreign worker affects social life in many ways, such as being separated from family and facing pressures from the home community to arrange jobs for others. New communication technologies have improved possibilities to stay in contact. Employers could contribute to better working and living conditions for foreign workers by improving work organization, ergonomics at work, orientation of new workers, and continued training of supervisors. Worker orientation and training should be carefully planned, taking into consideration the limited language skills, work competence requirements, and possibilities for career advancement of the workers. Keywords: Descriptive study, Foreign farm workers, Horticulture, Occupational safety.
Improved algorithm for the quasi-discrete Hankel transform
Authors: Malinka Aleksey 
Published: January 2021

An improved algorithm for numerical evaluation of the Hankel transform is developed. The algorithm originally proposed by Yu et al. [Opt. Lett. 23, 409 (1998)OPLEDP0146-959210.1364/OL.23.000409] uses the quadrature in which the nodes are zeros of the Bessel function. In this work, it is shown that the accuracy of the algorithm can be significantly improved, with virtually no increase in computation time, via two steps. One is to halve the weight of the last node, and the other is to extrapolate a function tail using the modified Bessel function of the second kind, which gives the analytical estimation of the integral remainder.
Generating narrow bandwidth pulses in a hybrid mode-locked fiber laser
Authors: Wen Zengrun , Lu Baole , Wang Kaile , Chen Shuangcheng , Bai Jintao 
Published: January 2021

We demonstrate for the first time, to our knowledge, an all-fiber erbium-doped mode-locked laser in which mode-locking (ML) is realized by the combination of nonlinear polarization rotation and a saturable dynamic filtering effect, thereby generating nearly transform-limited ultrashort pulses with a pulse duration and spectral width of 45.2 ps and 0.0775 nm, respectively. The laser achieves both ML and harmonic ML by increasing the pump power. Simultaneously, the filtering function is maintained by the saturable dynamic induced grating (SDIG) throughout the power-modulation process. Furthermore, numerical simulations are used to analyze the pulse energy evolution in the cavity, revealing the advantages of hybrid ML in decreasing the pulse duration and time-bandwidth product under narrow filtering status. This work proposes a practical method to achieve ultrafast laser pulses with a narrow bandwidth, solving the problem that the SDIG has a hard time realizing a stable ML sequence.
Bio-inspired wrinkle microstructures for random lasing governed by surface roughness
Authors: Gummaluri Venkata Siva , Gayathri R. , Vijayan C. , Matham Murukeshan Vadakke 
Published: January 2021

A method for fabricating bio-inspired scattering substrates based on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) for spatially incoherent random lasing is presented. The leaves of monstera and piper sarmentosum plants are used to mold PDMS polymer to form wrinkle-like scattering substrates, which are then used with a liquid gain medium for random lasing. Scattering is attributed to the surface roughness (

S

a

) of the samples. The rougher sample with 5.2 µm

S

a

shows a two-mode stable lasing with a 2 nm linewidth and a lower threshold fluence of

0.2

m
J

/

c
m

2

compared to the sample with smaller

S

a

(3.6 µm) with a linewidth of 5 nm and a threshold fluence of

0.5

m
J

/

c
m

2

. The waveguide theory substantiates the results of incoherent random lasing through a relation between the microstructure feature size and the mean free path. Power Fourier transform analysis is used to deduce the resonant cavity length of 180 µm in the rougher sample, and the observed variations in cavity length with

S

a

validate the optical feedback. PDMS being hydrophobic, the scattering substrate can be reused by wiping off the gain medium. This Letter paves the way for facile fabrication methods of bio-inspired random lasers for sensing and imaging applications.
Grief reaction and psychosocial impacts of child death and stillbirth on bereaved North Indian parents: A qualitative study
Authors: Das Manoja Kumar , Arora Narendra Kumar , Gaikwad Harsha , Chellani Harish , Debata Pradeep , Rasaily Reeta , Meena K. R. , Kaur Gurkirat , Malik Prikanksha , Joshi Shipra , Kumari Mahisha 
Published: January 2021

Background
Grief following stillbirth and child death are one of the most traumatic experience for parents with psychosomatic, social and economic impacts. The grief profile, severity and its impacts in Indian context are not well documented. This study documented the grief and coping experiences of the Indian parents following stillbirth and child death.

Methods
This exploratory qualitative study in Delhi (India) included in-depth interviews with parents (50 mothers and 49 fathers), who had stillbirth or child death, their family members (n = 41) and community representatives (n = 12). Eight focus group discussions were done with community members (n = 72). Inductive data analysis included thematic content analysis. Perinatal Grief Scale was used to document the mother’s grief severity after 6–9 months of loss.

Results
The four themes emerged were grief anticipation and expression, impact of the bereavement, coping mechanism, and sociocultural norms and practices. The parents suffered from disbelief, severe pain and helplessness. Mothers expressed severe grief openly and some fainted. Fathers also had severe grief, but didn’t express openly. Some parents shared self-guilt and blamed the hospital/healthcare providers, themselves or family. Majority had no/positive change in couple relationship, but few faced marital disharmony. Majority experienced sleep, eating and psychological disturbances for several weeks. Mothers coped through engaging in household work, caring other child(ren) and spiritual activities. Fathers coped through avoiding discussion and work and professional engagement. Fathers resumed work after 5–20 days and mothers took 2–6 weeks to resume household chores. Unanticipated loss, limited family support and financial strain affected the severity and duration of grief. 57.5% of all mothers and 80% mothers with stillbirth had severe grief after 6–9 months.

Conclusions
Stillbirth and child death have lasting psychosomatic, social and economic impacts on parents, which are usually ignored. Sociocultural and religion appropriate bereavement support for the parents are needed to reduce the impacts.
Diagnostic performance of GeneXpert in tuberculosis–HIV co–infected patients at Asella Teaching and Referral Hospital, Southeastern Ethiopia: A cross sectional study
Authors: Sorsa Abebe , Kaso Muhammedawel 
Published: January 2021

Background
GeneXpert is a new introduction in the diagnostic modality to fight tuberculosis (TB) among people living with HIV (PLHIV) under the program of intensified TB case finding. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of GeneXpert under the program of intensified TB cases finding among PLHIV.

Methods
Cross-sectional study was conducted by recruiting individuals attending an HIV clinic from February 2018 to January 2019. Data on clinical parameters were collected using a standardized tool. Two-morning sputum samples were collected and processed for smear microscopy and GeneXpert. SPSS 21 used for data analysis. Proportion, percentage, and mean with SD were used to describe variables. Univariate and multivariable logistic regressions were used to assess factors associated with the GeneXpert. Values for which the 95% CI interval not includes 1 and for which P<0.05 were considered significant.

Result
A total of 384 presumptive TB-HIV co-infection cases were included, of which 166 (43%) were diagnosed to have TB. Fifty-four (32.5%) TB cases were smear AFB positive while 79 (47.7%) TB cases were GeneXpert positive. The GeneXpert detection rate was almost two-fold of that of smear microscopy and all smear positive TB cases were detected by GeneXpert. Moreover, GeneXpert was able to detect an additional third of TB confirmed cases among smear AFB negative cases. Advanced stage of the disease, high viral load and presence of anemia were significantly associated with TB. The WHO TB screening tool remained least sensitive with the lowest positive predictive value.

Conclusion
GeneXpert demonstrated two-fold case detection rate compared to the sputum smear microscopy and additional third TB case detection rate among smear AFB negative cases. Clinical screening tool for evaluation of TB-HIV co-infection showed poor performance in TB case notification.
Non-motor symptoms in essential tremor, akinetic rigid and tremor-dominant subtypes of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Shalash Ali S. , Hamid Eman , Elrassas Hanan , Bahbah Eshak I. , Mansour Alia H. , Mohamed Hadeer , Elbalkimy Mahmoud 
Published: January 2021

Objectives
To compare non-motor symptoms (NMSs) among patients with essential tremor (ET), Parkinson’s disease (PD) subtypes (akinetic-rigid type (ART) and tremor-dominant type (TDT)), and healthy controls.

Patients and methods
This retrospective study included 129 participants, 72 PD (33 PD-ART, 33 PD-TDT, and 6 Mixed), 29 ET patients, and 28 controls. PD patients were assessed by the unified Parkinson’s disease rating scale (UPDRS), Hoehn, and Yahr scale (H&Y), while ET patients were evaluated by the Fahn Tolosa Marin Tremor Rating Scale. All subjects were evaluated by non-motor symptoms scale (NMSS) for NMSs and Beck depression inventory (BDI) for depression.

Results
PD subtypes groups, ET, and controls were age and gender-matched. Compared to controls, all PD, PD subtypes, and ET showed significantly worse most of NMSs (p<0.001) and depression. Compared to ET, all PD and PD-ART had significantly worse gastrointestinal (p = 0.002), urinary symptoms (p = 0.001, p = 0.003) and depression (p = 0.002) and PD-TDT worse depression, while ET patients showed worse memory/attention than PD subtypes. Total NMSS of ET is highly correlated to depression and moderately to tremor severity and age of onset, while total of NMSS is highly correlated to depression, disease severity, and disability.

Conclusion
The current study demonstrated several comparable domains of NMSs of PD subtypes and ET, except worse gastrointestinal and urinary symptoms among PD-ART. Identifying different NMSs profiles is important for predicting, better assessing, and tailoring management of ET and PD subtypes.
Increased risk of falls and fractures in patients with psychosis and Parkinson disease
Authors: Forns Joan , Layton J. Bradley , Bartsch Jennifer , Turner Mary Ellen , Dempsey Colleen , Anthony Mary , Ritchey Mary E. , Demos George 
Published: January 2021

Objective
Evaluate whether the risk of falls and fractures differs between patients with Parkinson disease with psychosis (PDP) and patients with Parkinson disease (PD) without psychosis at similar disease stages.

Methods
Patients with PD without psychosis were identified in the Medicare claims databases (2008–2018) and followed from the first PD diagnosis date during the study period. Patients with a subsequent diagnosis of psychosis were included in the PDP group. Patients with PDP and PD without psychosis were propensity score-matched based on characteristics within blocks of time since cohort entry. The incidence rates (IRs), expressed per 100 person-years, and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of falls and fractures were evaluated as composite and separate outcomes. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were used to compare patients with PDP and PD without psychosis in the matched cohort.

Results
154,306 patients had PD without psychosis and no falls or fractures before cohort entry; the IR for falls and fractures was 11.41 events (95% CI, 11.29–11.53). 12,127 patients (7.8%) had a subsequent PDP diagnosis. PDP patients had a higher prevalence of most comorbidities and risk factors for falls and fractures than those without psychosis. The crude IR for falls and fractures among PDP patients was 29.03 events (95% CI, 28.27–29.81). PD without psychosis and PDP groups had more falls than fractures. After matching, 24,144 PD patients without psychosis (15.6%) and 12,077 PDP patients (99.6%) were retained. Matched PDP patients had a higher incidence of falls and fractures than PD patients without psychosis (IRR = 1.44; 95% CI, 1.39–1.49). The higher increased rate was noted separately for falls (IRR = 1.48; 95% CI, 1.43–1.54) and any fractures (IRR = 1.17; 95% CI, 1.08–1.27) as well as within specific types of fracture, including pelvis and hip fractures.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest a modest but consistently higher increased risk of falls and fractures in PDP patients compared with PD patients without psychosis.
Pregnancy Outcomes After Liver Transplantation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Valentin Nelson , Guerrido Isabel , Rozenshteyn Frederick , Pinotti Rachel , Wu Yi Chia , Collins Kelsey , Shah Michelle , Hershman Melissa , Weisberg Ilan 
Published: January 2021

INTRODUCTION:
Liver transplantation (LT) remains the gold standard for treatment of end-stage liver disease. Given the increasing number of liver transplantation in females of reproductive age, our aim was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating pregnancy outcomes after LT.

METHODS:
MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus databases were searched for relevant studies. Study selection, quality assessment, and data extraction were conducted independently by 2 reviewers. Estimates of pregnancy-related outcomes in LT recipients were generated and pooled across studies using the random-effects model.

RESULTS:
A comprehensive search identified 1,430 potential studies. Thirty-eight studies with 1,131 pregnancies among 838 LT recipients were included in the analysis. Mean maternal age at pregnancy was 27.8 years, with a mean interval from LT to pregnancy of 59.7 months. The live birth rate was 80.4%, with a mean gestational age of 36.5 weeks. The rate of miscarriages (16.7%) was similar to the general population (10%–20%). The rates of preterm birth, preeclampsia, and cesarean delivery (32.1%, 12.5%, and 42.2%, respectively) among LT recipients were all higher than the rates for the general US population (9.9%, 4%, and 32%, respectively). Most analyses were associated with substantial heterogeneity.

DISCUSSION:
Pregnancy outcomes after LT are favorable, but the risk of maternal and fetal complications is increased. Large studies along with consistent reporting to national registries are necessary for appropriate patient counseling and to guide clinical management of LT recipients during pregnancy.
An Analysis of Slang Words in Star Wars Jedi Academy: The Force Oversleep
Authors: Hutabarat Debora Natalia 
Published: January 2021

This thesis is study about the types and the meaning of each slang words in Star Wars Jedi Academy: The Force Oversleep. The theory supported this analysis is Eric Partridge theory (2004) which explain about types of slang words. This thesis is designed as library research, in which the methodology used in this thesis is qualitative description method. The data contained in this thesis is taken from the words which contained in slang words in Star Wars Jedi Academy: The Force Oversleep storybook, the data is taken from whole pages, start from page 6 until page 172. The result of this analysis found 2 types of slang words, (1) Public School and University, and (2) Society Slang. The researcher explained the meaning of each slang words based on context. Keywords: Sociolinguistics, Slang, Types of Slang, Eric Partridge, Storybook.
El desarrollo de la marca país : base para posicionarse a través de las exportaciones no tradicionales.
Authors: Barrientos Felipa Pedro 
Published: January 2021

En el mercado internacional existen países que tienen características similares de oferta; por tanto, es conveniente establecer una ventaja sobre los competidores de manera que asegure y fortalezca el crecimiento económico. Los compradores buscarán los productos que tengan los mejores atributos, tangibles e intangibles, que aseguren la satisfacción de sus necesidades. El establecimiento de una marca país, entonces, se hace conveniente, para lo cual es necesario realizar una serie de actividades (diferenciación) para generar un país (marca) posicionado. La marca es consecuencia de diversas actividades nacionales. En tal sentido, se identifica la connotación que tiene la marca país en el comercio internacional, y las actividades necesarias para establecer una marca país sostenible. Establecer una marca es un esfuerzo que en estos momentos están realizando muchos países; así mismo, existen una diversidad de esfuerzos para medir si se tiene clara una posición y lo que es necesario para que se consolide.
Impacto del crédito gubernamental en el sistema financiero.
Authors: Herrera Pablo , García Fronti Javier 
Published: January 2021

La crisis financiera mundial, que inició en el año 2008, impulsó un creciente interés en los temas relacionados con la estabilidad del sistema financiero y una consecuente necesidad de modificación en su regulación. Este trabajo propone un modelo teórico de tres agentes: intermediario financiero, firmas y gobierno, dentro del cual se demuestra que el otorgamiento de subsidios gubernamentales es más efectivo si se realiza a través de un intermediario financiero; lo que conlleva, a su vez, una mayor profundización financiera. La primera sección desarrolla los conceptos de prociclicidad, apalancamiento y riesgo sistémico. En la segunda sección se presenta el modelo y se realiza el ejercicio macroeconómico mencionado.
Evasión de impuestos en Argentina : un análisis experimental de la eficiencia de premios y castigos al contribuyente.
Authors: Chelala Santiago , Giarrizzo Victoria 
Published: January 2021

La investigación presenta un experimento controlado que tiene como objeto analizar la conducta de los contribuyentes para determinar en qué casos los premios o los castigos promueven el pago de impuestos. En esta primera aproximación se trabaja con una población compuesta por estudiantes universitarios argentinos. Se diseñan tres grupos donde se simula el cumplimiento de obligaciones tributarias con diferentes probabilidades de ser auditados y con diferentes premios, probabilísticos o ciertos, para los casos de cumplimiento fiscal. Los resultados sugieren que algunos incentivos a pago de impuestos pueden ser más eficientes que las sanciones. También se exponen las consecuencias para la política tributaria que se desprenden de los corolarios del experimento propuesto.
Relación de largo plazo y análisis de causalidad y sensibilidad entre los salarios reales y la productividad laboral en el sector manufacturero a partir de cifras de los departamentos en Colombia.
Authors: Méndez Sayago John Alexander , Hernández Escolar Hugo Alfonso 
Published: January 2021

Este artículo se enfoca en identificar la relación entre los salarios y la productividad. Para comprobar si existe una relación de largo plazo entre estas variables, se realizan pruebas de raíz unitaria y cointegración para determinar si las series comparten tendencias estocásticas comunes. También se estimó un modelo de vectores autorregresivos (VAR) para realizar un análisis de causalidad y sensibilidad, y así determinar cuál es el efecto futuro de los choques en cualquier variable del sistema, sobre ella misma y sobre la otra. Para el ejercicio empírico, se emplearon las series de productividad y salarios de 24 departamentos de Colombia, calculadas a partir de la información de la encuesta anual manufacturera. Los hallazgos empíricos permiten concluirque en Colombia existe un conflicto en la distribución de la riqueza porque los cambios en la productividad no se reflejan en incrementos de los salarios reales de los trabajadores. Por otra parte, a los empresarios no les conviene aumentar el salario real porque ese incremento no tiene un efecto futuro positivo sobre la productividad.
Prolegómenos al vivir bien-buen vivir : una evaluación normativa y práctica.
Authors: Cruz Rodríguez Edwin 
Published: January 2021

Este trabajo examina el concepto de vivir bien-buen vivir ponderando sus contribuciones y limitaciones. Esta cosmovisión tiene un horizonte normativo más ambicioso que el paradigma del desarrollo, pues apuesta por una concepción de la pobreza y la riqueza que no se reduce a la acumulación de bienes materiales, una economía que comprende sus efectos sobre la naturaleza y se centra en la satisfacción de necesidades, y una descolonización de los saberes. No obstante, se caracteriza por un déficit de operacionalización que se manifiesta en la dificultad para definir políticas concretas e indicadores de medición precisos.
Methodology of Testing Foil Bearings in the Start-Stop Cycle in the Presence of a Working Medium - Stabilization of Temperature in the Test Chamber
Authors: Moczulak Bartosz , Miąskowski Wojciech 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The article presents the methodology of testing sliding bearings with a flexible shell, focusing on the issue of temperature increase during experiments for a specific time interval of the START-STOP test cycle. Selected material pairs, used in previous studies, were used in the experiment. The stand used for tests in the start-stop cycle was developed under the project POIG.01.03.01-00-027 / 08-00 at the Faculty of Technical Sciences UWM in Olsztyn.
Historia de una bóveda alboaire: La capilla funeraria de Gonzalo López de la Fuente en el convento de la Concepción Francisca de Toledo y de cómo pasó a llamarse de San Jerónimo
Authors: Perla de las Parras Antonio 
Published: January 2021

El origen de la Concepción Francisca y el convento de san Francisco, fundados sobre los Palacios de Galiana, es clave para entender la que ha venido siendo conocida como capilla de San Jerónimo.
José Amador de los Ríos confundió la iconografía del retablo describiéndolo como “consagrado a San Gerónimo”. Juan Facundo Riaño, en la solicitud para la declaración de Monumento Nacional (23 de abril de 1884), perpetuó el error.
Tal y como reza la inscripción escrita sobre los azulejos exagonales (alfardones), en la base de la cúpula, fue creada en 1422 como capilla funeraria por “Gonzalo López de la Fuente, mercador”, casado con “María González” . En los mismos se puede leer que "Alfonso Ferandes Çoladio”, soló la capilla.