bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suspected Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) Reinfections: Incidence, Predictors, and Healthcare Use Among Patients at 238 US Healthcare Facilities, 1 June 2020 to 28 February 2021
Authors: Lawandi Alexander , Warner Sarah , Sun Junfeng , Demirkale Cumhur Y , Danner Robert L , Klompas Michael , Gundlapalli Adi , Datta Deblina , Harris Aaron M , Morris Sapna Bamrah , Natarajan Pavithra , Kadri Sameer S 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In a retrospective cohort study, among 131 773 patients with previous coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), reinfection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) was suspected in 253 patients (0.2%) at 238 US healthcare facilities between 1 June 2020 and 28 February 2021. Women displayed a higher cumulative reinfection risk. Healthcare burden and illness severity were similar between index and reinfection encounters.
Strengths and Challenges of Various Models of Geriatric Consultation for Older Adults Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Davis Amelia J , Greene Meredith , Siegler Eugenia , Fitch Kathleen V , Schmalzle Sarah A , Krain Alysa , Vera Jaime H , Boffito Marta , Falutz Julian , Erlandson Kristine M 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
As care of persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PWH) has transitioned from management of opportunistic infections to management of conditions associated with older age, new models of geriatric consultation are needed. The authors, who represent 9 clinics across North America and the United Kingdom, provided their insights on models of geriatric consultation for older PWH. Three models of geriatric consultation are delineated: outpatient referral/consultation, combined HIV/geriatric multidisciplinary clinic, and dually trained providers within 1 clinical setting. A patient-centered approach and the use of expertise across disciplines were universally identified as strengths. Logistical barriers and the reluctance of older PWH to see a geriatric care provider were identified as barriers to implementing these models. Although the optimal model of geriatric consultation depends on a region’s resources, there is value in augmenting the training of infectious disease providers to include principles of geriatric care.
Distinct requirements for the COMPASS core subunits Set1, Swd1, and Swd3 during meiosis in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Trainor Brandon M , Ciccaglione Kerri , Czymek Miranda , Law Michael J 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Meiosis-specific chromatin structures, guided by histone modifications, are critical mediators of a meiotic transient transcription program and progression through prophase I. Histone H3K4 can be methylated up to three times by the Set1-containing COMPASS complex and each methylation mark corresponds to a different chromatin conformation. The level of H3K4 modification is directed by the activity of additional COMPASS components. In this study, we characterized the role of the COMPASS subunits during meiosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In vegetative cells, previous studies revealed a role for subunits Swd2, Sdc1, and Bre2 for H3K4me2 while Spp1 supported trimethylation. However, we found that Bre2 and Sdc1 are required for H3K4me3 as yeast prepare to enter meiosis while Spp1 is not. Interestingly, we identified distinct meiotic functions for the core COMPASS complex members that required for all H3K4me, Set1, Swd1, and Swd3. While Set1 and Swd1 are required for progression through early meiosis, Swd3 is critical for late meiosis and spore morphogenesis. Furthermore, the meiotic requirement for Set1 is independent of H3K4 methylation, suggesting the presence of nonhistone substrates. Finally, checkpoint suppression analyses indicate that Set1 and Swd1 are required for both homologous recombination and chromosome segregation. These data suggest that COMPASS has important new roles for meiosis that are independent of its well-characterized functions during mitotic divisions.
Universal Infant Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Vaccination for 35 Years: Moving Toward the Eradication of HBV
Authors: Chang Kai-Chi , Chang Mei-Hwei , Chen Huey-Ling , Wu Jia-Feng , Chang Chin-Hao , Hsu Hong-Yuan , Ni Yen-Hsuan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A universal hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination program has been implemented in Taiwan since 1984. A total of 1611 individuals in Taipei were enrolled to monitor long-term efficacy. The prevalences of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B core antibody in the vaccinated birth cohort were lower than in those born before 1984 (0.4% vs 7.7%, and 2.2% vs 50.8%, respectively; P &lt; .0001). Three vaccine-failure carriers all were born to HBsAg-carrier mothers, probably due to no antiviral intervention during pregnancy. Occult HBV infection was rare in the postvaccination era. High vaccination coverage, comprehensive HBV screening, and antiviral agents for pregnant mothers will be essential to eliminate HBV transmission.
Kelch13 mutations in Plasmodium falciparum and risk of spreading in Amazon basin countries
Authors: Mathieu Luana C , Singh Prabhjot , Monteiro Wuelton Marcelo , Magris Magda , Cox Horace , Lazrek Yassamine , Melo Gisely C , Marchesini Paola , Alexandre Jean S F , Alvarez Angel Manuel , Demar Magalie , Douine Maylis , Ade Maria-Paz , Lacerda Marcus V G , Musset Lise 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
The first potential focus for artemisinin resistance in South America was recently confirmed with the presence of the C580Y mutation in the Plasmodium falciparum kelch 13 gene (pfk13) in Guyana.

Objectives
This study aimed to strengthen pfk13 monitoring in the Amazon basin countries, to compile the available data and to evaluate the risk of spreading of mutations.

Methods
Sanger sequencing was done on 862 samples collected between 1998 and 2019, and a global map of pfk13 genotypes available for this region was constructed. Then, the risk of spreading of mutations based on P. falciparum case importation between 2015 and 2018 within countries of the Amazon basin was evaluated.

Results
No additional pfk13 C580Y foci were identified. Few mutations (0.5%, 95% CI = 0.3%–0.8%) in the propeller domain were observed in the general parasite population of this region despite a high proportion of K189T mutations (49.1%, 95% CI = 46.2%–52.0%) in the non-propeller domain. Case information revealed two patterns of intense human migration: Venezuela, Guyana and the Roraima State in Brazil; and French Guiana, Suriname and the Amapá State in Brazil.

Conclusions
There are few pfk13 mutant foci, but a high risk of dispersion in the Amazon basin, mainly from the Guiana Shield, proportionate to mining activities. Therefore, access to prompt diagnosis and treatment, and continuous molecular monitoring is essential in these geographical areas.
Meropenem concentrations in brain tissue of neurointensive care patients exceed CSF levels
Authors: Hosmann Arthur , Ritscher Lavinia , Burgmann Heinz , Al Jalali Valentin , Wulkersdorfer Beatrix , Wölfl-Duchek Michael , Sanz Codina Maria , Jäger Walter , Poschner Stefan , Plöchl Walter , Reinprecht Andrea , Rössler Karl , Gruber Andreas , Zeitlinger Markus 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
Inadequate antibiotic exposure in cerebral infections might have detrimental effects on clinical outcome. Commonly, antibiotic concentrations within the CSF were used to estimate cerebral target levels. However, the actual pharmacological active unbound drug concentration beyond the blood–brain barrier is unknown.

Objectives
To compare meropenem concentrations in blood, CSF and cerebral microdialysate of neurointensive care patients.

Patients and methods
In 12 patients suffering subarachnoid haemorrhage, 2000 mg of meropenem was administered every 8 h due to an extracerebral infection. Meropenem concentrations were determined in blood, CSF and cerebral microdialysate at steady state (n = 11) and following single-dose administration (n = 5).

Results
At steady state, the free AUC0–8 was 233.2 ± 42.7 mg·h/L in plasma, 7.8 ± 1.9 mg·h/L in CSF and 26.6 ± 14.0 mg·h/L in brain tissue. The brain tissue penetration ratio (AUCbrain/AUCplasma) was 0.11 ± 0.06, which was more than 3 times higher than in CSF (0.03 ± 0.01), resulting in an AUCCSF/AUCbrain ratio of 0.41 ± 0.16 at steady state. After single-dose administration similar proportions were achieved (AUCbrain/AUCplasma = 0.09 ± 0.08; AUCCSF/AUCplasma = 0.02 ± 0.00). Brain tissue concentrations correlated well with CSF concentrations (R = 0.74, P &lt; 0.001), but only moderately with plasma concentrations (R = 0.51, P &lt; 0.001). Bactericidal thresholds were achieved in both plasma and brain tissue for MIC values ≤16 mg/L. In CSF, bactericidal effects were only reached for MIC values ≤1 mg/L.

Conclusions
Meropenem achieves sufficient bactericidal concentrations for the most common bacterial strains of cerebral infections in both plasma and brain tissue, even in non-inflamed brain tissue. CSF concentrations would highly underestimate the target site activity of meropenem beyond the blood–brain barrier.
Magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate prevents cadmium-induced activation of JNK and apoptotic hepatocyte death by reversing ROS-inactivated PP2A
Authors: Chen Xiaoling , Wang Xiaoxue , Yang Liu , Xu Hongjiang , Wu Yiqun , Wu Jialin , Chen Long , Xu Chong 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Cadmium (Cd) induces reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated hepatocyte apoptosis and consequential liver disorders. This study aimed to investigate the effect of magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate (MgIG) on Cd-induced hepatotoxicity.

Methods
L02 and AML-12 cells were used to study MgIG hepatoprotective effects. Cd-evoked apoptosis, ROS and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A)/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) cascade disruption were analysed by cell viability assay, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) and TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL) staining, ROS imaging and Western blotting. Pharmacological and genetic approaches were used to explore the mechanisms.

Key findings
We show that MgIG attenuated Cd-evoked hepatocyte apoptosis by blocking JNK pathway. Pre-treatment with SP600125 or ectopic expression of dominant-negative c-Jun enhanced MgIG’s anti-apoptotic effects. Further investigation found that MgIG rescued Cd-inactivated PP2A. Inhibition of PP2A activity by okadaic acid attenuated the MgIG’s inhibition of the Cd-stimulated JNK pathway and apoptosis; in contrast, overexpression of PP2A strengthened the MgIG effects. In addition, MgIG blocked Cd-induced ROS generation. Eliminating ROS by N-acetyl-l-cysteine abrogated Cd-induced PP2A-JNK pathway disruption and concurrently reinforced MgIG-conferred protective effects, which could be further slightly strengthened by PP2A overexpression.

Conclusions
Our findings indicate that MgIG is a promising hepatoprotective agent for the prevention of Cd-induced hepatic injury by mitigating ROS-inactivated PP2A, thus preventing JNK activation and hepatocyte apoptosis.
Radio spectral properties of star-forming galaxies in the MIGHTEE-COSMOS field and their impact on the far-infrared-radio correlation
Authors: An Fangxia , Vaccari M , Smail Ian , Jarvis M J , Whittam I H , Hale C L , Jin S , Collier J D , Daddi E , Delhaize J , Frank B , Murphy E J , Prescott M , Sekhar S , Taylor A R , Ao Y , Knowles K , Marchetti L , Randriamampandry S M , Randriamanakoto Z 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
We study the radio spectral properties of 2094 star-forming galaxies (SFGs) by combining our early science data from the MeerKAT International GHz Tiered Extragalactic Exploration (MIGHTEE) survey with VLA, GMRT radio data, and rich ancillary data in the COSMOS field. These SFGs are selected at VLA 3 GHz, and their flux densities from MeerKAT 1.3 GHz and GMRT 325 MHz imaging data are extracted using the ‘superdeblending’ technique. The median radio spectral index is $\alpha _{\rm 1.3\, GHz}^{\rm 3\, GHz}=-0.80\pm 0.01$ without significant variation across the rest-frame frequencies ∼1.3–10 GHz, indicating radio spectra dominated by synchrotron radiation. On average, the radio spectrum at observer-frame 1.3–3 GHz slightly steepens with increasing stellar mass with a linear fitted slope of β = −0.08 ± 0.01, which could be explained by age-related synchrotron losses. Due to the sensitivity of GMRT 325 MHz data, we apply a further flux density cut at 3 GHz ($S_{\rm 3\, GHz}\ge 50\, \mu$Jy) and obtain a sample of 166 SFGs with measured flux densities at 325 MHz, 1.3 GHz, and 3 GHz. On average, the radio spectrum of SFGs flattens at low frequency with the median spectral indices of $\alpha ^{\rm 1.3\, GHz}_{\rm 325\, MHz}=-0.59^{+0.02}_{-0.03}$ and $\alpha ^{\rm 3.0\, GHz}_{\rm 1.3\, GHz}=-0.74^{+0.01}_{-0.02}$. At low frequency, our stacking analyses show that the radio spectrum also slightly steepens with increasing stellar mass. By comparing the far-infrared-radio correlations of SFGs based on different radio spectral indices, we find that adopting $\alpha _{\rm 1.3\, GHz}^{\rm 3\, GHz}$ for k-corrections will significantly underestimate the infrared-to-radio luminosity ratio (qIR) for &gt;17 per cent of the SFGs with measured flux density at the three radio frequencies in our sample, because their radio spectra are significantly flatter at low frequency (0.33–1.3 GHz).
Morphine Equivalent Total Dosage as Predictor of Adverse Outcomes in Opioid Prescribing
Authors: Bonifonte Anthony , Merchant Rahim , Deppen Krisanna 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this work was to develop a risk prediction model for opioid overdose and opioid use disorder for patients at first opioid prescription and compare the predictive accuracy of morphine equivalent total dosage with the predictive accuracy of daily dosage .DesignRecords from patients 18–79 years of age with opioid prescriptions between January 1, 2016, and June 30, 2019, no prior history of adverse outcomes, and no malignant cancer diagnoses were collected from the electronic health record system of a medium-sized central Ohio health care system (n = 219,276). A Cox proportional-hazards model was developed to predict the adverse outcomes of opioid overdose and opioid use disorder from patient sociodemographic, pharmacological, and clinical diagnosis factors.ResultsDuring the study time frame, 573 patients experienced overdoses, and 2,571 patients were diagnosed with opioid use disorder. Morphine equivalent total dosage of opioid prescriptions was identified as a stronger predictor of adverse outcomes (C = 0.797) than morphine equivalent daily dosage (C = 0.792), with the best predictions coming from a model that includes both predictors (C = 0.803). In the model with both daily and total dosage predictors, patients receiving a high total / low daily dosage experienced a higher risk (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.17) than those receiving a low total / high daily dosage (HR = 2.02). Those receiving a high total / high daily dosage experienced the greatest risk of all (HR = 3.09).ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate the value of including morphine equivalent total dosage as a predictor of adverse opioid outcomes and suggest that total dosage may be more strongly correlated with increased risk than daily dosage.
A Paratextual Battle: Mottos, Meaning and Conflict in Printed Journals 1709–1712
Authors: Readioff Corrina 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Within studies of the influence upon eighteenth-century print culture of the Tatler (1709–1711) and the Spectator (1711–1712, 1714), little attention has been given to Addison and Steele’s innovative incorporation of a prefatory Latin or Greek quotation at the head of each issue. A unique feature at the time of the Tatler’s first publication, the initially unchanging motto quickly became a focus for attention, imitation and literary competition. When the rival journal the Female Tatler (1709–1710) appeared with similar paratextual adornment, the ensuing contest sparked a rapid intensification of the motto’s significance and function. This catalysed the development of issue-specific mottos, a technique that outlasted the Tatler print war to become involved in further political print contests until its ultimate adoption as a mark of genteel intellectualism in the Spectator. This article will examine the initial motivations for including a prefatory motto, exploring the unfolding conflict with the Female Tatler together with the way in which paratextual quotations were weaponized in this short, sharp rivalry. Further paratextual battles between the Examiner (1710–1711), Whig Examiner (1710) and Medley (1710–1711) will then be investigated, together with the Spectator’s use of the motto as a literary weapon to consolidate educational elitism in print culture.
Asset Pricing with Fading Memory
Authors: Nagel Stefan , Xu Zhengyang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Building on evidence that lifetime experiences shape individuals’ macroeconomic expectations, we study asset prices in an economy in which a representative agent learns with fading memory about unconditional mean endowment growth. With IID fundamentals, constant risk aversion, and memory decay calibrated to microdata, the model generates a high and strongly countercyclical objective equity premium, while the subjective equity premium is virtually constant. Consistent with this theory, experienced payout growth (a weighted average of past growth rates) is negatively related to future stock market excess returns and subjective expectations errors in surveys, and positively to analysts’ forecasts of long-run earnings growth.
Immunoglobulin G4–related disease and idiopathic multicentric Castleman’s disease: confusable immune-mediated disorders
Authors: Sasaki Takanori , Akiyama Mitsuhiro , Kaneko Yuko , Takeuchi Tsutomu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) and idiopathic multicentric Castleman’s disease (iMCD) are both rare systemic immune-mediated disorders. However, the pathogenesis differs markedly between the two diseases and differing therapeutic strategies are adopted: IgG4-RD is treated using a moderate dose of glucocorticoids or rituximab, while iMCD therapy involves an IL-6-targeted approach. Nonetheless, some clinical features of IgG4-RD and iMCD overlap, so differential diagnosis is sometimes difficult, even though the classification and diagnostic criteria of the diseases require careful exclusion of the other. The key findings in IgG4-RD are high IgG4:IgG ratio, allergic features and germinal centre expansion involving T follicular helper cells, while iMCD involves polyclonal antibody production (high IgA and IgM levels), sheet-like mature plasma cell proliferation and inflammatory features driven by IL-6. The distribution of organ involvement also provides important clues in both diseases. Particular attention should be given to differential diagnosis using combined clinical and/or pathological findings, because single features cannot distinguish IgG4-RD from iMCD. In the present review, we discuss the similarities and differences between IgG4-RD and iMCD, as well as how to distinguish the two diseases.
Macroevolutionary ecomorphology of the Carnivora skull: adaptations and constraints in the extant species
Authors: Meloro Carlo , Tamagnini Davide 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The mammalian order Carnivora is characterized by a broad taxonomic and ecological diversity. By using a large sample of extant species, we tested the impact of ecological factors on carnivoran skull (cranium and mandible) morphology, taking advantage of a combined geometric morphometrics and comparative method approach. We implemented several evolutionary models to account for different tempo and mode of evolution in size and shape data. These models validated the association between skull morphology and diet at the interspecific scale. The functional distinction between pinniped (aquatic) and fissiped (mostly terrestrial) taxa was found valid only in mandible shape and cranial size. High levels of morphological disparity and evolutionary rates were identified in specialized dietary groups, and positive association between rates and disparity was found for skull size. Cranium and mandible showed consistent patterns of covariation that reflect constrained functional processes, which stabilize the ecomorphological evolution of Carnivora. Aquatic adaptations allowed carnivorans to invade and persist within novel regions of the mandibular morphospace. This ecological shift did not increase morphological disparity but occurred at a faster rate than in terrestrial species. Those species exhibit a stronger level of cranio-mandibular covariation due to constraints imposed by more demanding masticatory adaptations.
A Comparison of Paracervical Block Volumes Before Osmotic Dilator Placement
Authors: Shaw Kate A. , Lerma Klaira , Hughes Tayler , Hastings Charlotte , Fok Wing Kay , Blumenthal Paul D. 
Published: August 2021

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate whether a 12-mL paracervical block is noninferior to a 20-mL block in reducing pain with osmotic dilator insertion.

METHODS:
In this single-blinded noninferiority trial, we randomized individuals undergoing insertion of osmotic dilators before second-trimester abortion to receive either a 12-mL or 20-mL 1% lidocaine paracervical block. The primary outcome was pain immediately after insertion of osmotic dilators. Prespecified secondary outcomes included pain with paracervical block administration, overall pain, and side effects, with 88 participants being required for a noninferiority margin of 15 mm on a 100-mm visual analog scale assuming an SD of 28. We analyzed data using Wilcoxon rank sum, χ2, and t tests and performed analysis of variance to account for repeated measures. Secondary analysis included multivariable regression to explore potential confounders.

RESULTS:
From January 2018 to October 2020, of 232 eligible individuals, 174 were approached and 96 randomized (48 participants to each group); 91 were available for analysis (45: 12 mL, 46: 20 mL). Group demographics were similar, with a mean gestation of 21 weeks and four osmotic dilators placed. The 12-mL paracervical block was noninferior to the 20-mL paracervical block for pain with osmotic dilator insertion with a difference in means of −1.36 (95% CI −12.56 to 9.85) favoring 12 mL. Median pain scores after dilator placement were 47 mm (interquartile range 22–68) and 50 mm (interquartile range 27–67) in 12-mL compared with 20-mL paracervical block, respectively (P=.81). No difference was seen in median pain at baseline, with paracervical block administration, postprocedure or with overall pain or experience. At least one lidocaine-related side effect occurred in 4% of participants in the 12-mL group compared with 13% for those receiving 20 mL (P=.15), with metallic taste, ringing in ears, and lightheadedness being most common.

CONCLUSION:
A 12-mL paracervical block is noninferior to a 20-mL block for pain reduction with osmotic dilator insertion.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION:
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03356145.