bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Nocturnal Oxygen Therapy on Daytime Pulmonary Hemodynamics in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Traveling to Altitude: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Lichtblau Mona , Latshang Tsogyal D. , Aeschbacher Sayaka S. , Huber Fabienne , Scheiwiller Philipp M. , Ulrich Stefanie , Schneider Simon R. , Hasler Elisabeth D. , Furian Michael , Bloch Konrad E. , Saxer Stéphanie , Ulrich Silvia 
Published: July 2021

IntroductionWe investigated whether nocturnal oxygen therapy (NOT) mitigates the increase of pulmonary artery pressure in patients during daytime with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) traveling to altitude.MethodsPatients with COPD living below 800 m underwent examinations at 490 m and during two sojourns at 2,048 m (with a washout period of 2 weeks &lt; 800 m between altitude sojourns). During nights at altitude, patients received either NOT (3 L/min) or placebo (ambient air 3 L/min) via nasal cannula according to a randomized crossover design. The main outcomes were the tricuspid regurgitation pressure gradient (TRPG) measured by echocardiography on the second day at altitude (under ambient air) and various other echocardiographic measures of the right and left heart function. Patients fulfilling predefined safety criteria were withdrawn from the study.ResultsTwenty-three COPD patients [70% Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) II/30% GOLD III, mean ± SD age 66 ± 5 years, FEV1 54% ± 13% predicted] were included in the per-protocol analysis. TRPG significantly increased when patients traveled to altitude (from low altitude 21.7 ± 5.2 mmHg to 2,048 m placebo 27.4 ± 7.3 mmHg and 2,048 m NOT 27.8 ± 8.3 mmHg) difference between interventions (mean difference 0.4 mmHg, 95% CI −2.1 to 3.0, p = 0.736). The tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion was significantly higher after NOT vs. placebo [2.6 ± 0.6 vs. 2.3 ± 0.4 cm, mean difference (95% confidence interval) 0.3 (0.1 − 0.5) cm, p = 0.005]. During visits to 2,048 m until 24 h after descent, eight patients (26%) using placebo and one (4%) using NOT had to be withdrawn because of altitude-related adverse health effects (p &lt; 0.001).ConclusionIn lowlanders with COPD remaining free of clinically relevant altitude-related adverse health effects, changes in daytime pulmonary hemodynamics during a stay at high altitude were trivial and not modified by NOT.Clinical Trial Registrationwww.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT02150590.
Historical Geography and Urbanization in Ancient Arakan. The archaeological landscape of the old capitals up to 1400 AD
Authors: Minn Htin Kyaw 
Published: July 2021

Géographie historique et urbanisation dans l'ancien Arakan (Myanmar).
Le paysage archéologique des anciennes capitales jusqu'à 1400 AD.

Kyaw Minn Htin.

La formation des États et l'émergence des centres urbains constituent des thèmes fondamentaux de l'archéologie de l'Asie du Sud-Est. En ce qui concerne les débuts de la période historique en Arakan (ouest du Myanmar), ces phénomènes n'ont, d'une part, à ce jour fait l'objet d'aucune étude systématique et, d'autre part, nécessitent une nouvelle approche. Le présent article se propose d'étudier les schémas d'occupation des terres et d'implantation des établissements humains dans l'Arakan ancien via l'étude de la géographie et de l'urbanisation et ce, plus particulièrement, dans les régions de Kaladan et de la vallée de Lemro. Il couvre une période qui s'étend du IVe au XIVe siècle, soit de la fondation de la première ville connue jusqu'à la fin de l'ère de Lemro. Les témoignages du processus d'urbanisation en Arakan seront comparés à certaines données relativement mieux établies provenant de villes de la vallée de l'Irrawaddy telles que Halin, Sri Ksetra et Beikthanoe.
Le vocabulaire politique d’Hérodien
Authors: Roques Denis 
Published: July 2021

The political vocabulary of Herodian
A study of Herodian’s political vocabulary reveals a systematic wish to use classical expression to translate contemporary Roman realities. This policy is not accidental ; it indicates a refusal of Romanity and places Herodian in a classical position which glorifies traditional values of Hellenic culture. A historian of the present, Herodian is a writer of the past who announces a forthcoming evolution, which is already much clearer in the fourth and fifth centuries A.D. with Hellenophone writers of the Eastern Roman Empire such as Libanius of Antioch, Eunapius of Sardis or Synesius of Cyrene, who were themselves fervent supporters of Greek Romanity.
Zur Frage der Spezialisierung im griechischen Theater des Hellenismus und der Kaiserzeit. Auf der Grundlage der neuen Prosopographie der dionysischen Techniten
Authors: Chaniotis Angelos 
Published: July 2021

Die Frage nach der beruflichen Spezialisierung im griechischen Theater des Hellenismus und der Kaiserzeit wird aufgrund des von I. E. Stéfanis zusammengestellten prosopographischen Materials und in bezug auf 7 Kriterien untersucht : 1) Existenz differenzierter Künstlerbezeichnungen, die auf eine Spezialisierung in einem Zweig der ‘Theater’-Künste hinweisen ; 2) Kombination mehrerer künstlerischer Tätigkeiten, die für eine Spezialisierung im Bereich der Kunst sprechen ; 3) Beschäftigung mit der Kunst seit jungen Jahren ; 4) Künstlerfamilien ; 5) Verdienstmöglichkeiten der Künstler des Theaters ; 6) intensive Reisetätigkeit ; 7) Personennamen, die auf eine künstlerische Tätigkeit hinweisen.
Aus der Untersuchung des mit vielen methodischen Problemen verbundenen prosopographischen Materials ergibt sich ein stark differenziertes Bild : Nicht jeder Künstler des Theaters war beruflich spezialisiert ; man muß eher mit einer starken sozialen Differenzierung rechnen. Dennoch war die berufliche Spezialisierung in einem Zweig der Kunst, schon seit jungen Jahren, häufig im Kreis einer Künstlerfamilie und verbunden mit Reisetätigkeit und vielfältigen Verdienstmöglichkeiten, spätestens seit dem Hellenismus eine typische Erscheinung.
Image et paysage : l’exemple des fresques de la Maison Ouest de Théra
Authors: Farnoux Alexandre 
Published: July 2021

Image and landscape : the example of the frescos in the West House of Thera
The frescos found in the West House of Thera have been known since 1971, but further discoveries have renewed interest in them. With drawings and colours of extraordinary quality, they present a set of urban and maritime scenes from around the middle of the second millenium B.C., and include an abundance of landscapes rich in vegetal species (around thirty) and animals. Various interpretations have identified the country portrayed as being either Aegean or Libyan ; the major themes as being warlike and triumphant — historical or de genre — or peaceful and religious. The diversity found in these interpretations poses serious methodological problems, especially within the realm of the image’s status and its relation to the texts. A certain number of characteristics belonging to the epic narrative techniques haye also been found in the composition, and this connection is not without its dangers. It would seem wiser to take into account the image’s own character : its techniques, its relation with the viewer and its autonomy in the civilisation within which it functions.
The Impact of Knowledge Management (KM) Strategies on Employee Job Satisfaction: A Study of RMG in Bangladesh
Authors: Hasan Mia Md , Abdul Kayum Chowdhuary Md 
Published: July 2021

Knowledge management (KM) strategy is a crucial part of personnel management and retention of talents. This paper aims at identifying the impact and relation of knowledge management on employee satisfaction. The study is based on hypothesis and the data was collected by a questionnaire survey from 35 employees of reputed garments organization of Bangladesh. Satisfaction rely on factors like compensation structure, user friendly, relation with co-worker, autonomy, workload etc. The core findings of the study is codified strategy is more user friendly, but the practice of tacit strategy with proper incentives increase the overall satisfaction of employee though there are more workload. The employees are more comfortable with tacit strategy than codified strategy. The study is only focused on garments employee where KM strategy is widely practice all spheres of Human Resource Management (HRM). However, The paper reveal how KM strategy can increase employee satisfaction. The HR people and decision maker can understand and design appropriate KM strategy from this study. Therefore, organization also can manage and retain the talents by designing and applying findings of the study.
A Study on Factor Influencing Customer Choice of Store Selection and Behaviour in Organized Retail Outlets in Madurai
Authors: Duraichamy J , Srinivasan K R 
Published: July 2021

Retailing is a major business in India, organized retailers are entering in to Indian markets to reach mass sales and maximize profit , in this stage retailers should aware of the factor that influencing customer choice of store and customer behaviour, loyalty of the customer is a tool to reach profitability and with hold in market, and objective of this study is to know the factor which influences customer choice of store selection and their behaviour in organized retail out lets in Madurai, 175 samples were selected using simple random sampling method, data collected with the structured interview schedule, SPSS package has been used for statistical analysis.
Trends in Production, Procurement of Milk by Co-Operative Societies in Kerala
Authors: Nimisha M , Shanmugam P 
Published: July 2021

Dairy sector has great contribution to the GDP of the country has come from the milk dairy cooperative sector. Milk and milk products are perhaps one of the very few consumption items common in all cultures around the world. Indian dairy Co-operative Societies sector contributes the large share in agricultural gross domestic products. Presently there are around 70,000 village dairy cooperative societies across the country. The main aim of this paper is to analyses the performance of Milk procurement and sales by dairy co-operative societies in Kerala. The study based on secondary data has been collected from dairy co-operative society’s annual reports and the period of study from 1995 to 2018 and 2018 to 2020, expressed that the procurement has shown an increasing trend throughout the state of Kerala.
Social Barriers to Nation Building in Afghanistan
Authors: Faqiri Sayed Mohammad , Faqirzada Abdul Shakoor 
Published: July 2021

The present study aims to examine the social barriers to nation-building in Afghanistan. In this qualitative type of research, the semi-structured interview tools were used to collect data. After the interviews, the obtained information was coded and analyzed. The findings of this study showed that the most significant social barriers to the nation-building process in Afghanistan were the ethnic structure of power, wars, ethnic elites, and interference from neighboring countries, inability to use the presence of foreigners, traditional society, and the lack of cultural discourses, the definition of ethnic identity, hegemony, ethnic totalitarianism, and toxic antidote. Also, social factors on political, economic, cultural, and geographical issues were examined in this study. The most important political obstacles to the nation-building process in Afghanistan have been social disunity, the presence of foreigners, exceptional opportunity, political instability, and the lack of national political leaders and parties.The most important cultural barriers are the illusion of conspiracy, cultural confrontation, and low level of awareness and lack of common aspirations. Recent findings of this study show that citizenship rights can be the central pillar in the establishment of a nation. Citizenship right is a new concept that equalizes the political, social, and cultural rights of all members in a society.
5G Technology
Authors: Sankar K 
Published: July 2021

5G is almost around the corner. 5G as a buzzword has been knocking on our doors for some time now sans a lot of action on the ground. However, that’s about to change as the Department of Telecom (DOT) recently approved applications from Telecom Service Providers (TSPs) to conduct trials for the use and application of 5G technology. While field trials begin here in India, 5G as a technology has been commercially available in just over 50 countries such as France, South Korea, the US, etc. for a few years and there are valuable lessons that we can take from launches, successes, and failures in these markets. Indian operators could learn from their counterparts’ experience and avoid or rather not repeat the same mistake which their counterparts might have made.Let’s take the case of 5G in France that has been commercially available since November 2020. A recent study done by us showed that there exists a gap in the quality of experience delivered by TSPs on 5G. The study was the first of its kind, measured experience on real devices placed in actual customer locations across nine major French cities. It revealed that while the incumbent operator provided average speeds of 146 Mbps, the newer operator is left far behind at 28 Mbps, which is a speed one would expect on 4G. These discrepancies between operators could be a result of different deployment strategies.Such discrepancies can be problematic as they finally impact end customers. And in today’s time when the nation is grappling a devastating second wave of the Covid-19 pandemic, providing seamless digital experience so that digital applications ranging from education and work to entertainment and dining can continue remotely.
The The Social Contract Theories of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke: Comparative Analysis
Authors: V Sasan John Michael 
Published: July 2021

This study engages in the concept of social contract of Hobbes and Locke, and the similarities and differences of their ideas. Thomas Hobbes and John Locke both begin their political ideas with a discussion on the state of nature and the danger of living outside the community. For Thomas Hobbes, the state of nature is chaotic; it is in the state of mutual competition. He claims that the state of nature is a state of war, every man against everybody. Due to a constant competition for power and reputation, the man’s equality leads the state of nature into chaos. Man who is bestowed with equal capacities for thinking and reasoning is moved by whatever he wants for survival and preservation no matter what it takes. This state of nature, according to Thomas Hobbes, is a state of egoistic self-preservation and necessity for survival. Meanwhile, John Locke is rather optimistic in his view in the state of nature, compared to the pessimistic view of Thomas Hobbes. He sees humans as decent species which are capable of knowing what is right and wrong. Although man in the state of nature lives with full freedom, yet he is still at risk of harm and invasion. The property is very unsafe and unsecure, however, free yet full of fears. On this matter, man realizes and decides to create a contract and agree to the terms for peaceful and secure life for the safe and security of their liberty and possession. Furthermore, for Thomas Hobbes, social contract is a mutual transferring of rights to the sovereign. For him, social contract is responsible for the morality and the conception of right and wrong, just and unjust. Hence, social contract is very significant to every individual because it is the source of law and regulations and basis of morality. For Locke, the chief reason why man in creating an agreement or contract is the property. The main argument is Locke’s social contract.
Efektivitas Baby Massage Dan Baby Gym Terhadap Kualitas Tidur Bayi Usia 3-6 Bulan
Authors: Nurhudariani Rose , Ratnasari Yeni Dwi , Sonhaji Sonhaji , Umariyah Febriyanti Siti Nur 
Published: July 2021

Baby massage dan baby gym adalah upaya untuk meningkatkan kualitas tidur pada bayi. Masalah tidur pada bayi di Indonesia cukup banyak, yaitu sekitar 44,2% bayi mengalami gangguan tidur seperti sering terbangun di malam hari. Namun lebih dari 72% orang tua menganggap gangguan tidur bukan suatu masalah atau hanya masalah kecil, hal tersebut diungkapkan oleh sebuah penelitian pada tahun 2014-2015 yang dilaksanakan di lima kota besar di Indonesia Berdasarkan data awal terdapat 20 bayi yang datang ke posyandu dan ditemukan 17 bayi yang mengalami gangguan tidur. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui efektivitas baby massage dan baby gym terhadap kualitas tidur bayi usia 3-6 bulan di Desa Talang Tegal. Jenis penelitian adalah kuantitatif dengan two group pre and post test design. Sampel sebanyak 34 bayi yang diberikan perlakuan baby massage dan baby gym dilakukan selama 2 minggu 3x seminggu, untuk baby massage 15 menit sedangkan untuk baby gym 5 menit. Terdapat pengaruh baby massage terhadap kualitas tidur bayi usia 3-6 bulan dengan p value 0.000. Terdapat pengaruh baby gym terhadap kualitas tidur bayi usia 3-6 bulan dengan p value 0,001. Tidak terdapat perbedaan efektivitas baby massage dan baby gym terhadap kualitas tidur bayi usia 3 – 6 bulan. Kata kunci : baby gym; baby massage; kualitas tidur bayi The Effectiveness of Baby Massage And Baby Gym on Sleep Quality of 3-6 Months Baby ABSTRACT Baby massage and baby gym are efforts to improve the quality of sleep in babies. There are quite a number of sleep problems in infants in Indonesia, which is around 44.2% of infants experiencing sleep disorders such as frequent awakenings at night. However, more than 72% of parents consider sleep disturbances not a problem or just a minor problem, this was revealed by a 2014-2015 study conducted in five major cities in Indonesia. Based on initial data there were 20 babies who came to the Integrated Healthcare Centre and found 17 babies with sleep disorders. The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of baby massage and baby gym on the sleep quality of baby aged 3-6 months in Talang Tegal Village. This type of research was quantitative with two groups pre-post test design. A sample of 34 babies who were given baby massage and baby gym treatment was carried out for 2 weeks 3 time each week, for baby massage 15 minutes while for baby gym 5 minutes. There is an effect of baby massage on the sleep quality of babies aged 3-6 months with a p value of 0.000. There is an effect of baby gym on the sleep quality of babies aged 3-6 months with a p value of 0.001. There is no difference in the effectiveness of baby massage and baby gym on the sleep quality of babies aged 3-6 months. Keywords: baby gym; baby massages; sleep quality of baby
Video Edukasi Atraktif Dalam Meningkatkan Keterampilan Cuci Tangan
Authors: Aulia Fika , Mirawati Mirawati , Sari Bening Prawita 
Published: July 2021

Perilaku Hidup Bersih Sehat (PHBS) merupakan upaya untuk membentuk perilaku masyarakat yang peduli dengan kesehatan. Salah satu upaya PHBS adalah Cuci Tangan Pakai Sabun (CTPS). Praktik mencuci tangan dengan sabun perlu diterapkan sejak usia dini sebagai upaya mencegah penularan penyakit berbasis lingkungan. Salah satu kelompok yang cocok keberhasilan penyampaian pesan CTPS adalah anak sekolah misalnya dengan memberikan edukasi melalui video edukasi atraktif. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain Quasy Experiment dengan menggunakan model rancangan one group pretest-posttest. Alat pengumpulan data menggunakan Checklist Keterampilan Cuci Tangan. Diperoleh hasil sebagian besar responden berketerampilan kurang dalam mencuci tangan sebanyak 26 anak (74,3%) sedangkan sesudah diberi perlakuan sebagian besar dari responden yaitu 29 anak (82,9%) berketerampilan baik dalam mencuci tangan. Nilai uji beda Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test didapatkan p value (0,000) dimana nilai p value <0,05 sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada pengaruh penyuluhan cuci tangan menggunakan media video atraktif terhadap keterampilan cuci tangan pada siswa Madrasah Diniyah Awaliyah Belawang. Kata kunci: video atraktif; cuci tangan; keterampilanATTRACTIVE EDUCATIONAL VIDEOS IN IMPROVING HANDWASHING SKILLS ABSTRACT Clean and Healthy Behavior is an effort to make people's cares about health. One of the Clean and Healthy Behavior efforts is Washing Hands with Soap. Practice of washing hands with soap needs to be applied from an early age to prevent environmental-based disease transmission. One of the groups that is suitable for successful delivery this is school children by giving handwashing counseling using attractive educational videos. This study used a Quasy Experiment design using a one group pretest-posttest. Data collect tool used the Handwashing Skills Checklist. The results of this study were most of the respondents with low skills in washing hands were 26 children (74.3%), while after being given treatment most of the respondents were 29 children (82.9%) who had good skills in washing hands. The value of the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test difference test obtained p value (0.000) where the p value <0.05, so it can be concluded that there is an effect of attractive educational videos to improving handwashing skills in Madrasah Diniyah Awaliyah Belawang students Keywords : video attractive; hand washing; skills
Uji Efikasi Ekstrak Tanaman Serai (Cymbopogon citratus) terhadap Tingkat Mortalitas Larva Nyamuk Aedes sp.
Authors: Giroth Sonnia J. , Bernadus Janno B. B. , Sorisi Angle M. H. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract: Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are known as the two main vectors of DHF disease. One way to control DHF is by breaking the chain of spread in the larval phase with larvicides. The use of organic larvicides derived from plants is in great demand, one of which is extracts of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus). This study aims to determine the level of efficacy or the effect of concentration of lemongrass extract solution on mortality rates of Aedes sp. larvae. This is an experimental study using 40 instar larvae III / IV of Aedes sp. which were given the intervention of lemongrass plant extracts with a concentration of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. This experiment was carried out twice. Four observations were made every 6 hours. Probit analysis was performed to determine Lethal Concentration (LC50 and LC90) and Lethal Time (LT50 and LT90). The analysis showed that the lemongrass plant extract at a concentration of 20% had a significant difference with the concentration of 5%, 10%, 15%, and the control group (p <0.05). In conclusion, extract of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) with a concentration of 20% is effective for killing larvae of Aedes sp.Keywords: Aedes sp., Cymbopogon citratus, larval mortality Abstrak: Nyamuk Aedes aegypti dan Aedes albopictus diketahui sebagai dua vektor utama dari penyakit DBD. Salah satu cara pengendalian DBD adalah dengan memutus rantai penyebaran pada fase larva dengan larvasida. Pemanfaatan larvasida organik atau alami yang berasal dari tumbuh-tumbuhan banyak diminati, salah satunya adalah ekstrak tanaman serai (Cymbopogon citratus). Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui tingkat keampuhan atau pengaruh konsentrasi larutan ekstrak tanaman serai terhadap tingkat mortalitas larva nyamuk Aedessp. Penelitian ini bersifat eksperimental sederhana menggunakan 40 ekor larva instar III/IV nyamuk Aedes sp. yang diberikan intervensi ekstrak tanaman serai dengan konsentrasi 5%, 10%, 15%, dan 20%. Pengamatan dilakukan setiap 6 jam sebanyak 4 kali, dengan 2 kali percobaan. Analisis probit dilakukan untuk mengetahui Lethal Concentration (LC50 dan LC90) dan Lethal Time (LT50dan LT90). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak tanaman serai pada konsentrasi 20% memiliki perbedaan signifikan dengan konsentrasi 5%, 10%, 15%, dan kelompok kontrol (p < 0,05). Simpulan penelitian ialah ekstrak tanaman serai dengan konsentrasi 20% efektif untuk mematikan larva Aedes sp.Kata Kunci: Aedes sp., Cymbopogon citratus, mortalitas larva