bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of A Water Transmission and Storage System for Sustainable Reuse of Wastewater Within A University Community
Authors: Adeyinka M.O. , Araoye O , Akpan V.E , Omole D.O. , Elemile O.O. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This research is aimed at designing a wastewater transmission system from storage to treatment and, eventually to storage in an elevated steel tank. The work includes the design of a 750,000-litre capacity underground concrete reservoir and a 125,000-litre capacity elevated steel tank. For the transmission design, field activities involved the use of Magellan eXplorist 350H North America G.P.S. and Google Earth to determine coordinates of different points in a selected private university campus, southwest Nigeria as well as the lowest and the highest elevation points. The highest point in the university was located at the postgraduate hall of residence, and the lowest point was located at the schools constructed wetland within the campus. WaterCAD was used to design the flow path network, while the water storage design software used for this project are StaadPro.V8i, Orion 18, and AutoCAD 2013. StaadPro.V8i was employed for the analysis and design of the underground storage facility and the elevated steel tank, while the Orion software was utilized for concrete design and detailing of the underground storage facility. The results from all the design applications were exported to the AutoCAD environment for editing and proper scaling. This study has revealed that the construction of a 750 m3 underground storage tank would be highly efficient and economical when compared to a smaller tank. Also, both the hydrostatic forces acting internally within the underground tank and active and passive pressure acting externally toward the wall has shown to possess zero impact on the shear wall.
Rosemary oil as a Corrosion Inhibitor on High Carbon Steel in Citric Acid and Sodium Chloride: Weight Loss Study
Authors: Odunlami O.A. , Loto R.T. , Fajobi M.A. , Akande I.G. , Oladimeji T.E. , Olomukoro O.T. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The Inhibition effect of plant extract of rosemary oil (Rosmarinus officinalis) on corrosion of high carbon steel in 0.5M citric acid and 3.5wt% sodium chloride had been done by weight loss method. 0%, 0.50%, 1.00%, 1.50%, 2.00% and 2.50% concentration of rosemary oil was used on sodium chloride and citric acid solutions. Results from weight loss analysis shows that rosemary oil performed more strongly in sodium chloride solution compared to citric acid with excellent inhibition efficiency of 97.86% at 2.00% inhibitor concentration and 88.33% at 2.50% inhibitor concentration respectively. This shows that rosemary performed excellently in both corrosive environments.
Evaluating Energy Consumption And Loading Of Institutional Buildings In North West-Nigeria
Authors: Yabo Umar Kabir , Kanoma Muhammad Usman , Yahuza Abdulhamid 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Lack of government policies on efficient use of energy in buildings is one of the limiting factors toward achieving sustainable environment and development. Although, government has been setting targets to increase electricity generation in Nigeria, there is little or no consideration for its efficient usage in buildings. In order to propose an energy efficient office building, energy audit of existing similar structures should be conducted. Thus, this research aims at finding the energy demand of University Senate Buildings in North West-Nigeria (hot dry climate) in order to serve as a bench mark for further researches. Senate Buildings of three universities were studied, namely: Northwest University, Kano (NUK), Bayero University, Kano (BUK) and Umaru Musa Yaradua University, Katsina (UMYUK). Quantitative approach was adopted to carry out the audit and results were recorded as follows: NUK: 258,770.4kwh, BUK: 190,338.24kwh and UMYUK: 190,338.24kwh. The three results indicated high demand for energy by the existing case studies which necessitate researches on how to lower this demand to the barest minimum and to propose more sustainable design approaches.
Design and development of a table-mounted manual drilling machine for the rural purpose
Authors: Banjo S.O. , Babalola P.O. , Osagie I. , Joseph O.O. , Williams A.B. , Fayomi O.S.I , Bolu C.A. , Afolalu S.A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a simple and flexible table mounted manual drilling machine designed and developed for rural applications to drill metallic and non-hardened material manually. The drilling machine is one of the essential devices with its applications where a circular cross-section hole is required. However, the manually operated drilling machine was developed for small drilling operations. It eradicated the major challenge of the inability to access electricity in most hamlets and villages across the country where solid materials such as wood and metalwork were engaged daily. The lack of power has deteriorated the economy and reduced some essential services to minimum benefit in those vulnerable areas. The high cost of equipment, especially the highly technological machines, has prompted the implementation of the simple but technically based manual drilling machine (MDM). The use of the manual approach in producing holes in solid materials is of more significant advantage in the rural communities where their sources of income and purchasing power are deficient.
Effect of Palm Bunch Ash on the Compressive Strength of Concrete
Authors: Ekeleme A. C. , Ugwu E. I. , Njoku C.E. , Amanamba E.C. , Arinze E. E. , Ibearugbulam O.H. , Patrick I.O. , Jagba A.S. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The compressive strength of concrete made with ash from palm bunch was investigated in this study. In the tests, varying compositions of palm bunch ash (0. 5, 10, 15, 20) % were used to replace cement, then a suitable mix design of 1:2:4 was used as the control test. The engineering properties of both fine aggregates were obtained by conducting sieve analysis, slump test, and curing to find out the characteristic strength of the concrete on the cubes produced. A total of 50 concrete cubes were moulded, cured and tested after 28 days for the basic compressive strength. The result obtained showed that, the compressive strength of concrete decreased with an increase in the percentages of palm bunch ash. Thus, the addition of palm bunch ash alone did not improve the compressive strength of concrete. Therefore, palm bunch ash could be a suitable modifier when used together with other additives to achieve the desired strength of concrete.
Design and Construction of a Weather-Based Automatic Sliding Window
Authors: Abdulkareem Ademola , Somefun T.E. , Oguntosin V. , Adeyemi B.O. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In the twenty-first century, technology has continued to evolve rapidly and has found more applications in various sectors of life, especially in the control and monitoring of processes. The idea of automating appliances and control has been implemented in the automatic sliding window. Automation, indeed makes human living less stressful, which is the goal of engineering as a field. The automatic sliding window is designed with the primary aim of programming the action of the window per time to depend on environmental conditions utilizing sensors. The methodology, design, implementation, and testing of the system is explained in detail in this study.
Improving Classification Performance of Skewed Biomass Data
Authors: Olatunji Obafemi O. , Adedeji Paul A. , Akinlabi Stephen , Madushele Nkosinathi , Ishola Felix , Aworinde Abraham K. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe importance of biomass in power generation towards the attainment of a sustainable bio-economy is well documented. But, like most real-life data streams, biomass data are characterised by class imbalances and are often tagged as skewed. Therefore, there is a need for a model which can accurately predict the biomass data classes while correctly identifying the minority data class considering the imbalances within the classes. In this study, RUSBoost is introduced to alleviate this challenge. RUSBoost provides dual benefits of data sampling and boosting, therefore proving an easy and proficient method for enhancing classification performance during training and testing. This study proposes a RUSBoost model to classify biomass dataset from various sources. The main objective is to optimally predict the classes, therefore this study only focuses on the RUSBoost algorithm while analysing how it fares in predicting the classes. The performance assessment was based on several know indices which are accuracy (65.2%), error rate (34.8%), sensitivity (74.8%), specificity (94.8%) FPR (5.2%), Kappa statistics (72.3%), G-mean (84.21%) and computation time (12.4 secs). It was concluded that learning based on RUSBoost is satisfactory for skewed data class though further work can improve the overall accuracy.
Evaluation of a constructed manual drilling machine for small scale operation
Authors: Banjo S.O. , Joseph O.O. , Fayomi O.S.I. , Udor M. , Dirisu J.O. , Omole D.O. , Afolalu S.A. , Osagie I. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this study, a critical analysis was carried out on the various classes of drilling machine to establish their performance based on their applications and also, to have comparative evaluation between electrically driven drilling machines (EDDM) and manually operated drilling machine (MODM). In the ancient days, flat punch was used to make holes on materials, but due to advancements in technology, drilling machines are now being used instead, making the work easier and faster. There are different drilling machines, including radial, sensitive, upright, gang, deep hole, multiple spindles, and automated drilling machines. Also, an indigenous table-mounted manual drilling machine was fabricated, with a rigid and robust structure but flexible to operate enhances the production of the hole on solid materials such as metal, wood, Teflon, and other materials. This evaluation has provided an enormous privilege for the manual operated drilling machine to be employed for small scale operation (SSO) and to serve as a relief to the less privilege communities. More so, this simple method would save the end-user from the unnecessary expense on fuel and expensive bills.
Evaluation of Aspect Ratio on Tensile and Compressive Properties of Welded API X70 Steel
Authors: Erinfolami O. I. , Adedipe O. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Pipelines are fabricated by welding and are used for transportation of oil and gas products globally. These joints are prone to surface defects and sometimes deep cracks depending on types of loading they experience while in operation. Hence, it is necessary to understand the effect of defects on mechanical properties of welded pipeline joints for estimation of their service lives. In this study, a numerical approach was used to study the effects of aspect ratio on pipeline steel. Artificial cracks were created on API X70 steel tensile and compression specimens using different aspect ratios. ANSYS 2019 2R was used for modelling and loading of the specimens. Results show that the investigated mechanical properties were not only sensitive to materials type (weld and base) but also to aspect ratio. The maximum stresses obtained for tensile and compression specimens using various aspect ratios were discussed.
Development of a Solar Powered Electric Shuttle
Authors: Kehinde O. , Oyawale F. , Babaremu K.O , Efemwenkiekie U.K 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Sunlight is readily available. We have heard of improvement in solar-powered vehicles and also Electric vehicles, but this project is aimed at combining the two sources, but the main focus was on the fabrication of the static body. The research work was based on the construction of the static body of the shuttle using mild steel as the primary material; the parts were a fabrication and welded together by the process of oxy-acetylene welding while other elements like seats etc. arc welding was used. Other procedures were the mechanical calculation such as weight consideration, steering correction angle and wheel alignment, the braking system, and general vehicle safety for the determination of the fabrication of the static body. The result obtained in the process is a static body of a shuttle that can be powered by either a combustion engine or an electric engine.
Light-weighting of single-sided motorcycle swing-arm through generative design
Authors: Balasubramanian Adarsh , Shaktivel G , Raghukiran N 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

This work explores the prospects of Generative Design to generate the single-sided swing-arm of a homologated motorcycle to perform the process of light-weighting by selecting two aluminum alloys, namely Al 6061 (primary) and Al 7075 (reference), as materials and 5-axis milling as the manufacturing method. This work also cites and summarizes a couple of previous studies to establish the findings that Al 7075 is a superior material for the manufacturing of the single-sided swing-arm when compared to steel and further proceeds to expatiate as to why Al 6061 should be considered as opposed to Al 7075 for increased gains from the process of light-weighting with substantiations from the analysis of the single-sided swing-arm under the simulated loads.
Effects of Bracing System on Multistoryed Steel Building
Authors: Meena Rahul Kumar , Awadhiya G P , Paswan Abhishek Prakash , Jayant Harshit Kumar 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In recent years, in regions of the highly seismic prone area, steel construction has changed from moment resistant frames to concentrically braced frames. To withstand earthquake forces, bracing part of the structural pattern by providing extra stiffness plays a crucial role in structural action. Concentric bracing in building frames is one of the most common horizontal load resistance patterns. For this reason, seven distinct models were created by changing the bracing pattern in the steel frame and analyzed for wind and seismic forces A 20-story steel frame structure is explored in this presented work. From this research, it can be inferred that the bracing factor will have a very significant impact on structural behavior under seismic loading. The most desirable bracing framework is the Backward bracing pattern. Horizontal displacement at the top floor is decreased by approximately 50 percent for Backward braced in frame structure compared to without bracing pattern.
Cohesive Zone Modeling for Predicting Interfacial Delamination in over mold Components
Authors: Sai Krishnan M , Jeyanthi S , Mani Pradeep Kumar , Hareesh K T , Lenin Babu M. C 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Delamination is one among the significant issues in over molding and electronic packaging. Notably, because of material compatibility and also the weak adhesion-strength of interfaces makes it complex. Typically, delamination takes place at the bimaterial interfaces. In order to predict interface delamination, the cohesive zone technique may be applied as an attainable tool. However, the proper alternative of the cohesive parameters still forms an obstacle for the general usage. The objectives of the work, analytical & numerical modeling of delamination of interfaces between molding compound and metal frames and its subsequent validation using numerical double cantilever beam test and four-point bend tests. In this work, the double cantilever beam and four-point bend tests are used to obtain the strain energy release rate of mode I and mode II values, these values are used as parameters for the cohesive zone method.
Design and Simulation of Henna-based Composite Substrate for UHF-RFID Application on Dielectric Properties
Authors: Zamil Nadzeefah , Ansari M N M , Jalil Y E , Nordin Noor Afeefah , Yahya Zainudin , Azlan A A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper presented the effect of dielectric properties of henna-based composite towards the performance of the tag antenna for UHF-RFID application. The dielectric properties focused in this work were dielectric constant and loss tangent. Henna-based composite was developed with different amount of henna loading as the substrate for RFID passive tag. The design of antenna was optimized using CST Microwave software to achieve resonance frequency at 915 MHz. The output parameters from this work were reflection coefficient (dB), bandwidth (MHz), gain (dB), directivity (dBi), antenna efficiency (%) and voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR). In conclusion, dielectric properties of the substrate affect all the output parameters significantly except for directivity value.
Study of heat transfer enhancement through the non-circular ducts using three dimensional numerical investigations and their comparisons
Authors: Mahato Shambhu Kumar , Rana Subhas Chandra , Barman Rabindra Nath 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The present study numerically surveyed fluid characteristics such as friction factor and heat transfer through the different geometry of twisted ducts. A three-dimensional analysis is performed for the Reynolds number of 100-50000 for the air that acts as a working fluid and a uniform wall temperature boundary case is studied numerically throughout the simulation of ducts. Numerical results of this present study are validated against the experimental results. Heat transfer improvements are made over the hexagonally twisted channels, straight square duct and clockwise-counterclockwise (CW-CCW) twisted square channels. Twist ratios of 7 · 5, 11 · 5 and 16 · 5 are considered for the current simulations. Laminar flow to turbulent flow regimes over the ducts are briefly presented and discussed. Results show enhancement in heat transfer through the CW-CCW, hexagonal and straight square ducts(SSD) for the laminar as well as for turbulent regimes are figured out and perfectly described. It is seen that in laminar regime, twisted CW-CCW square duct performed well than twisted square and hexagonal duct. A comparison of friction coefficients are also established for both the channels. Less friction factor is observed for twisted CW-CCW duct compared to other duct.
Kinematics and compliance analysis of active suspension system and Development of control algorithm to maximize ride comfort
Authors: Karande Sandesh R , Chinnapandi Lenin Babu Mailan , Jeyaraj P , Subramanian Jeyanthi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
It is important to understand the interrelationship between steering stability and NVH to adjust stiffness of the suspension to satisfy the aim of maximum ride comfort. This work aims to perform kinematic and compliance analysis on comprehensive quarter car model of McPherson suspension system to validate its reliability with respect to various road profiles and development of control algorithm to control its stiffness. Despite the wide usage of PID controllers, controllers based on Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) are proved to give better results as they consider the non-linearity of active car suspension models. The modelling of the comprehensive non-linear quarter car active McPherson suspension system is done using MSC ADAMS and the control algorithm is implemented using MATLAB. The approach used is to perform parametric sensitivity analysis for prime parameters such as toe angle, camber angle and caster angle. The approach used to design a better robust control algorithm is achieved using µ-synthesis function of MATLAB.
Impact of web and counterweight shape factors on crank shaft design for better strength and optimised geometry
Authors: Mathan G , Daniel J , Vishnu P , Satyanarayana V 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Automotive industry is continuously focusing on developing weight efficient engines for better fuel economy without altering engine performance. To achieve a trade-off between performance and fuel economy, the design always demands downsizing of engine components with optimum geometry. Crankshaft is such an important component in deciding engine performance and overall weight. Torsional and bending stiffness of crankshaft plays a vital role in its structural integrity, particularly the Critical Cross Section (CCS) which connects main journal and crankpin. In the present study, the objective is to upgrade the crankshaft for higher torsional and bending stiffness and reduce weight without changing its performance. Three geometric shape factors of the crankshaft are identified and optimized in FEA and analyzed in AVL Excite® (1-D) simulation for its structural performance. Study shows the identification of shape factors and effect of their variation on torsional and bending stiffness of crankshaft. In addition, sensitivity analysis for various shape factors and their optimization has been done. The identified shape factors help designers to identify any scope to optimize the geometry of crankshaft and understand its role in structural strength. Using this methodology, specific regions defined by shape factors can be optimized for better strength and weight.
Morocco’s housing challenge: Effect of current marketed building materials on the energy performance of residential buildings
Authors: Charai M , Sghiouri H , Mezrhab A , Karkri M , Moga L 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The paper provides a research on the energy performance of current marketed building materials used for household construction in eastern Morocco. Firstly, the characterization of the thermophysical properties of commonly used building materials (cement, plaster, hollow bricks and insulation boards) was carried out using the Hot Disk method. A local building material database of eastern Morocco region was developed. It was found that the thermal conductivity of the most affordable insulation boards was of 0.03 W/mK, while the thermal conductivity of cement-based products ranged from 0.65 to 0.7 W/mK. The experimental results show that the Moroccan market of building materials cannot participate in promoting eco-construction and designing efficient lightweight building envelopes at local level. Therefore, a strong focus on the development of local low-cost insulation materials for building applications are needed. The numerical building performance analysis shows that available building practices are only efficient for passive heating. Further studied on passive cooling techniques are greatly required for designing low energy buildings in Morocco.
Advanced technology of municipal solid waste conversion for a circular economy
Authors: Lupu M L , Isopescu D N , Maxineasa S G , Baciu I-R , Antonescu I , Cucos I 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
One of the most important environmental problems of the big urban areas is represented by the large volume of waste resulted from different human activities. In the last decades, different technologies have been developed to resolve this significant issue, and the most representative is the conversion of municipal solid waste (MSW) in different types of by-products. The first part of this paper presents the current state of plasma conversion technology that can be used for processing waste, and also, its potential in the construction sector which could be taken advantage of the by-products (syngas and slag) resulted from the plasma gasification of municipal solid waste (MSW), to enhance energy-efficiency in this domain. In the second part of the paper, there are analyzed different technologies for managing and processing municipal solid waste (MSW), which can be used nowadays, and the parameters, related to the costs, the period of use, the energy consumption and the environmental impact. All these aspects are compared with those of plasma conversion technology. The plasma conversion system can be commercialized successfully, and its costs can be reduced by generating income in the form of by-products and added-value in producing performant products in a circular economy.