bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insulin acutely activates metabolism of primary human monocytes and promotes a proinflammatory phenotype
Authors: Ratter Jacqueline M , van Heck Julia I P , Rooijackers Hanne M M , Jansen Henry J , van Poppel Pleun C M , Tack Cees J , Stienstra Rinke 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIncreased glycolysis is a metabolic trait of activated innate immune cells and supports functional changes including cytokine production. Insulin drives glycolysis in nonimmune cells, yet its metabolic effects on human innate immune cells remain unexplored. Potential effects of insulin on immune cell metabolism may occur acutely after a postprandial increase in plasma insulin levels or as a consequence of chronically elevated insulin levels as observed in obese insulin-resistant individuals and patients with diabetes. Here, we investigated the effects of acute and chronic exposure to insulin on metabolism and function of primary human monocytes. Insulin acutely activated the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in monocytes and increased both oxygen consumption and glycolytic rates. Functionally, acute exposure to insulin increased LPS-induced IL-6 secretion and reactive oxygen species production. To model chronically elevated insulin levels in patients with diabetes, we exposed monocytes from healthy individuals for 24 h to insulin. Although we did not find any changes in expression of metabolic genes that are regulated by insulin in non-immune cells, chronic exposure to insulin increased LPS-induced TNFα production and enhanced MCP-1-directed migration. Supporting this observation, we identified a positive correlation between plasma insulin levels and macrophage numbers in adipose tissue of overweight individuals. Altogether, insulin acutely activates metabolism of human monocytes and induces a shift toward a more proinflammatory phenotype, which may contribute to chronic inflammation in patients with diabetes.
Sigma‐2 receptor antagonists rescue neuronal dysfunction induced by Parkinson’s patient brain‐derived α‐synuclein
Authors: Limegrover Colleen S. , Yurko Raymond , Izzo Nicholas J. , LaBarbera Kelsie M. , Rehak Courtney , Look Gary , Rishton Gilbert , Safferstein Hank , Catalano Susan M. 
Published: January 2021

Abstractα‐Synuclein oligomers are thought to have a pivotal role in sporadic and familial Parkinson's disease (PD) and related α‐synucleinopathies, causing dysregulation of protein trafficking, autophagy/lysosomal function, and protein clearance, as well as synaptic function impairment underlying motor and cognitive symptoms of PD. Moreover, trans‐synaptic spread of α‐synuclein oligomers is hypothesized to mediate disease progression. Therapeutic approaches that effectively block α‐synuclein oligomer‐induced pathogenesis are urgently needed. Here, we show for the first time that α‐synuclein species isolated from human PD patient brain and recombinant α‐synuclein oligomers caused similar deficits in lipid vesicle trafficking rates in cultured rat neurons and glia, while α‐synuclein species isolated from non‐PD human control brain samples did not. Recombinant α‐synuclein oligomers also increased neuronal expression of lysosomal‐associated membrane protein‐2A (LAMP‐2A), the lysosomal receptor that has a critical role in chaperone‐mediated autophagy. Unbiased screening of several small molecule libraries (including the NIH Clinical Collection) identified sigma‐2 receptor antagonists as the most effective at blocking α‐synuclein oligomer‐induced trafficking deficits and LAMP‐2A upregulation in a dose‐dependent manner. These results indicate that antagonists of the sigma‐2 receptor complex may alleviate α‐synuclein oligomer‐induced neurotoxicity and are a novel therapeutic approach for disease modification in PD and related α‐synucleinopathies.
Leadless pacemaker through tricuspid bioprosthetic valve: Early experience
Authors: Morani Giovanni , Bolzan Bruna , Pepe Antonio , Ribichini Flavio Luciano 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundLeadless pacemaker (LP) therapy has been proved effective in cases where traditional transvenous right pacing (TRP) failed. TRP through a bioprosthetic tricuspid valve (BTV) has always been considered an unpreferable solution because of possible deleterious effect of permanent pacing leads on BTV function and specifically on tricuspid regurgitation (TR). Very limited data exist about the feasibility and safety of LP implantation in this setting.MethodsWe describe two cases of LP implantation through BTV in patients with failure of epicardial pacemaker implanted after cardiac surgery. The focus is on technical description of the procedure and on electrical and echocardiographic evaluation at implantation and at the follow‐up.ResultsIn both cases, skilled and careful handling of the delivery system as well as proper use of X‐ray oblique views was determinant for atraumatic successful valve crossing. Likewise, an accurate selection of the deployment site inside the right ventricle, far enough from the valve to avoid valvular dysfunction, was important for successful implantation. Electrical parameters of LP were satisfying at implantation and at the follow‐up. The echocardiogram after implantation and at the follow‐up showed no mechanical interference of LP with prosthetic valve, no significant TR, and absence of significant changes in the biventricular function.ConclusionOur data seem to support feasibility and safety of this type of procedure in skilled hands, allowing efficacious pacing without valvular dysfunction or right ventricular (RV) physiology impairment.
Green Synthesis of Waterborne Polyurethane for High Damping Capacity
Authors: Zhang Wenhai , Ma Fangxing , Meng Zhaohui , Kong Lingqing , Dai Ziyang , Zhao Guangxing , Zhu Anna , Liu Xiang‐Yang , Lin Naibo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDamping materials have application prospects in shock absorption and noise reduction due to their ability to convert vibration into other forms of energy dissipation. Although there have been tremendous attempts to prepare materials with high damping performance, it is still a challenge to fabricate materials with excellent mechanical properties and stability while maintaining a high energy dissipation capacity. Herein, damping materials of reinforced waterborne polyurethane by adjusting the ratio of soft and hard segments is reported. As the content of hard segments increases, the content of hydrogen bonds interaction between segments increases and the phase boundaries on the microscopic morphology form which obviously enhances the damping capacity. The ultimate samples exhibit a damping capacity of more than 90% and a toughness of 14.8 MJ m–3, maintaining good toughness while exceeding the damping capacity of the most reported materials. The damping mechanisms are summarized into three aspects, the frication among soft segments, the destruction of hydrogen bonds, and the interface friction between soft and hard domains. This work paves an avenue for the application of waterborne polyurethane materials in kinetic energy buffering and impact reduction.
The prognosis of common arterial trunk from a fetal perspective: A prenatal cohort study and systematic literature review
Authors: van Nisselrooij Amber E. L. , Herling Lotta , Clur Sally‐Ann , Linskens Ingeborg H. , Pajkrt Eva , Rammeloo Lukas A. , ten Harkel Arend D. J. , Hazekamp Mark G. , Blom Nico A. , Haak Monique C. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe limited number of large fetal cohort studies on common arterial trunk (CAT) impedes prenatal counseling at midgestation. This study evaluates the prognosis of CAT from a fetal perspective.MethodFetuses with a prenatally diagnosed CAT were extracted from the PRECOR registry (2002–2016). We evaluated fetal and postnatal survival and the presence of additional morbidity at last follow‐up. Literature databases were searches systematically for additional cases.ResultsThirty‐eight cases with a prenatal diagnosis of CAT were identified in our registry, of which 18/38 (47%) opted for pregnancy termination (TOP). Two cases resulted in spontaneous intrauterine demise (10%, 2/20), six cases demised postnatally (33%, 6/18), leaving 60% (12/20) alive, after exclusion of TOP, at a mean age of six (range: 2–10 years).Additional morbidity was found in 42% (5/12) of survivors, including 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, Adams‐Oliver syndrome and intestinal atresia, whereas 8% (1/12) had developmental delay. The remaining 30% (6/12) of survivors appeared isolated with normal development. All of whom six required replacement of the initial right ventricle to pulmonary artery conduit. Additionally, we reviewed 197 literature cases on short‐term outcome.ConclusionThe risk of fetal and neonatal demise, as well as significant morbidity amongst survivors, should be included in prenatal counseling for CAT.
Pediatrician intervention impacts parental smoking in cystic fibrosis, diabetes, and bronchiolitis
Authors: Lafont Maxime , Morin Carole , Arrouy Amélie , Rabeau Audrey , Labouret Géraldine , Roditis Léa , Michelet Marine , Mittaine Marie 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundChild exposure to cigarette smoke is harmful. It should be reduced through parental smoking cessation interventions. The aim of our study was to determine the impact of simple advice provided by the pediatrician on the smoking habits of parents of children with cystic fibrosis (CF), diabetes mellitus (DM), and infants hospitalized for bronchiolitis.MethodsParents were interviewed on their smoking habits. Smoking cessation advice was provided by the pediatrician. A new smoking habits assessment was done at 3 months by phone interviews.ResultsA total of 260 parents were interviewed (91 in the CF group, 136 in the DM group, and 33 in the bronchiolitis group). A total of 70 parents were active smokers: 33% of parents of children with CF, 23.5% of parents of children with DM, and 24.2% for those with infants hospitalized for bronchiolitis (p = .42). In the CF group, smoking cessation had been significantly more frequently discussed with the medical team previously. A total of 67 smoking parents (95.7%) answered the 3‐month assessment: 29.8% reported having started a smoking cessation process; 10.4% had quit smoking. The quitting rate was significantly higher in the groups of patients followed for a respiratory disorder (37.5% for bronchiolitis, 15% for CF vs. 0% for DM, p = .005).ConclusionThis study shows the important role that information and simple advice from pediatricians can have in initiating smoking cessation in parents of patients followed in specialized clinics or who are hospitalized, with a greater efficiency in parents of patients suffering from lung disorders.
Effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness of the Transmural Trauma Care Model investigated in a multicenter trial with a controlled before‐and‐after design: A study protocol
Authors: Ratter Julia , Wiertsema Suzanne , van Dongen Johanna M. , Geleijn Edwin , Ostelo Raymond W. J. G. , de Groot Vincent , Bloemers Frank W. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe rehabilitation of trauma patients in primary care is challenging, and there are no guidelines for optimal treatment. Also, the organization of care is not well‐structured. The Transmural Trauma Care Model (TTCM) has been developed in the Netherlands, aiming to improve patient outcomes by optimizing the organization and the quality of the rehabilitation process in primary care. A recent feasibility study showed that implementation of the TTCM at a Dutch Level 1 trauma center was feasible, patient outcomes were improved, and costs were reduced. This study aims to assess the effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness of the TTCM compared to the usual care in a multicenter trial.MethodsA multicenter trial with a controlled before‐and‐after design will be performed at 10 hospitals in the Netherlands. First, participating hospitals will include 322 patients in the control group, receiving usual care as provided in these specific hospitals. Subsequently, the TTCM will be implemented in all participating hospitals, and hospitals will include an additional 322 patients in the intervention group. The TTCM consists of a multidisciplinary team at the outpatient clinic (trauma surgeon and hospital‐based physical therapist), an educated and trained network of primary care trauma physical therapists, and structural communication between them. Co‐primary outcomes will investigate generic and disease‐specific, health‐related quality of life. Secondary outcomes will include pain, patient satisfaction, perceived recovery, and patient‐reported physical functioning. For the economic evaluation, societal and healthcare costs will be measured. Measurements will take place at baseline and after 6 weeks, 3, 6, and 9 months. Analyses will be based on the intention‐to‐treat principle. Missing data will be handled using longitudinal data analyses in the effect analyses and by multivariate imputation in the economic evaluation.ConclusionThis trial with a controlled before‐and‐after design will give insight into the effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness of the TTCM in a multicenter trial.
A note on ‘The exponentiated power Lomax distribution and its applications'
Authors: Nadarajah Saralees , Afuecheta Emmanuel 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAbd El‐Monsef, Sweilam and Sabry [Quality and Reliability Engineering International, 2020, doi: 10.1002/qre.2780] proposed a four‐parameter exponentiated power Lomax distribution, derived its properties and illustrated three data applications. In this note, we show that several properties expressed in terms of infinite sums can be simplified to a known special function. We also show that certain one‐parameter distributions can provide better fits to at least two of the data sets considered.
Synthesis of Fe2O3/TiO2/graphene aerogel composite as an efficient Fenton‐photocatalyst for removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution
Authors: Tu Tran Hoang , Tai Le Tan , Tien Nguyen Tan , Huong Le Minh , Oanh Doan Thi Yen , Nam Hoang Minh , Phong Mai Thanh , Hieu Nguyen Huu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn the present study, the composites including Fe2O3/TiO2/graphene aerogel (Fe2O3/TiO2/GA) and TiO2/graphene aerogel (TiO2/GA), and graphene aerogel (GA) were synthesized by hydrothermal method. The as‐prepared materials were characterized using X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray, Raman spectroscopy. The characterization results showed that the Fe2O3 and TiO2 particles were uniformly attached in GA structure, increasing number of active sites of materials and extending the light absorption range. The removal performance of Fe2O3/TiO2/GA is 97.38 % which is higher than of TiO2/GA and TiO2. The degradation data were well consisted with pseudo‐first‐order kinetic model. Accordingly, Fe2O3/TiO2/GA is potential to be used as an efficient photocatalysis for treatment of MB from water.
Observed and projected changes in global climate zones based on Köppen climate classification
Authors: Cui Diyang , Liang Shunlin , Wang Dongdong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn recent years, there has been a growing body of literature applying the Köppen classification scheme to investigate the changes in the distribution of bioclimatic conditions. Area changes and latitude and elevation shifts of Köppen climate zones have been examined based on the observed and projected datasets. This review article provides a comprehensive insight into the changes in global Köppen climate zones. First, we summarize the advancements and limitations of different climate zone definitions and assess the available climate classification map products. We then review recent detection and assessment studies on observed and projected climate zone changes. Finally, we summarize the findings of the previous studies. It has been proven that changes in climate zones under global warming can have far‐reaching impacts on ecological systems. Since the 1980s, anthropogenic accelerated global warming has already led to shifts in climatic conditions over a large land area. Hot tropics and arid climates are projected to expand into large areas of middle and high latitudes, an expansion that is potentially linked to the intensification of the global hydrologic cycle. Driven by increased warming in the Arctic, high‐latitude climates will shift poleward and upward, leading to a significant area shrinkage of the polar climate zones. However, due to the large model uncertainties, the detectability of significant climate zone changes through observations and projections, the rate and time of the changes, and their causes remain unclear. In this paper, we identify the research gaps and propose directions for future research.This article is categorized under:
Paleoclimates and Current Trends > Modern Climate Change
Empirische Ergebnisse Teil 2: Erfahrungen mit dem Engagement von Expatriates im Kanton Zug - die Perspektive der Vereine
Authors: Störkle Mario 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungIm letzten Kapitel habe ich die Sichtweisen der im Kanton Zug lebenden Expatriates dargestellt. Nun zeige ich in diesem Kapitel die Perspektiven der etablierten zivilgesellschaftlichen Vereinigungen und Organisationen im Kanton Zug. Die Ergebnisse beider empirischen Teile werde ich anschliessend im Sinne einer Gesamtschau zusammenführen, mit den theoretischen Konzepten und Ansätzen verknüpfen und diskursiv erörtern (vgl. Kapitel 9).
Conformal defects from string field theory
Authors: Budzik Kasia , Rapčák Miroslav , Rojas Jairo M. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Unlike conformal boundary conditions, conformal defects of Virasoro minimal models lack classification. Alternatively to the defect perturbation theory and the truncated conformal space approach, we employ open string field theory (OSFT) techniques to explore the space of conformal defects. We illustrate the method by an analysis of OSFT around the background associated to the (1, 2) topological defect in diagonal unitary minimal models. Numerical analysis of OSFT equations of motion leads to an identification of a nice family of solutions, recovering the picture of infrared fixed points due to Kormos, Runkel and Watts. In particular, we find a continuum of solutions in the Ising model case and 6 solutions for other minimal models. OSFT provides us with numerical estimates of the g-function and other coefficients of the boundary state.
Global oscillation data analysis on the 3ν mixing without unitarity
Authors: Hu Zhuojun , Ling Jiajie , Tang Jian , Wang TseChun 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe present results of a combined analysis in neutrino oscillations without unitarity assumption in the 3νmixing picture. Constraints on neutrino mixing matrix elements are based on recent data from the reactor, solar and long-baseline accelerator neutrino oscillation experiments. The current data are consistent with the standard 3νscheme. The precision on different matrix elements can be as good as a few percent at 3σCL, and is mainly limited by the experimental statistical uncertainty. Theνerelated elements are the most precisely measured among all sectors with the uncertainties < 20%. The measured leptonic CP violation is very close to the one assuming the standard 3νmixing. The deviations on normalization and the unitarity triangle closure are confined within$$ \mathcal{O} $$O(10−3),$$ \mathcal{O} $$O(10−2) and$$ \mathcal{O} $$O(10−1), forνe,νμandντsectors, respectively. We look forward to the next-generation neutrino oscillation experimentssuch asDUNE, T2HK, and JUNO, especially the precision measurements onντoscillations, to significantly improve the precision of unitarity test on the 3νmixing matrix.
ANEC in λϕ4 theory
Authors: Bautista Teresa , Casarin Lorenzo , Godazgar Hadi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Motivated by the goal of applying the average null energy condition (ANEC) to renormalisation group flows, we calculate in λϕ4 theory the expectation value of the ANEC operator in a particular scalar state perturbatively up to third order in the quartic coupling and verify the expected CFT answer. The work provides the technical tools for studying the expectation value of the ANEC operator in more interesting states, for example tensorial states relevant to the Hofman-Maldacena collider bounds, away from critical points.
Development of a targeted HPLC-ESI-QqQ-MS/MS method for the quantification of sulfolipids from a cyanobacterium, selected leafy vegetables, and a microalgae species
Authors: Fischer Judith , Treblin Mascha , Sitz Tobias , Rohn Sascha 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe use of macro- and microalgae, as well as cyanobacteria, becomes increasingly important for human nutrition, even in Western diets. Health effects, positive as well as negative, are believed to result mainly from minor components in the food. In macro- and microalgae as well as in certain cyanobacteria, one class of such minor compounds is sulfolipids, more precisely sulfoquinovosylmonoacylglycerol (SQMG) and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG) derivatives. SQMGs and SQDGs consist of a diacylglycerol esterified with varying fatty acid combinations and a sulfoquinovose moiety. Sulfoquinovose is a sulfonated hexose analogous to d-glucose, but featuring a stable carbon-sulfur bond. With regard to their chemical structure, SQDGs can be distinguished according to their sn1- and sn2-bound fatty acids. Although there is great interest in SQDGs, because of their controversially discussed bioactivities, only a negligible number of comprehensive methods for identification and quantification has been published, so far. Within this work, a sample preparation including a quantitative isolation of SQDGs from selected raw materials, a clean-up with solid-phase extraction (SPE), and a sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for simultaneous identification and quantitation of different, intact SQMGs and SQDGs were developed and validated. The applicability of the method was further demonstrated by comparing a prominent cyanobacterium (Arthrospira sp.) with a microalgae preparation (Chlorella vulgaris), and selected leafy vegetables (spinach, basil).
Sphenoidal artery: review of the literature and analysis of a dissected arterially injected fetal orbit
Authors: Kier E. Leon , Mahajan Amit , Conlogue Gerald J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPurposeThe sphenoidal artery is considered a component of the complex and dangerous arterial anastomoses of the human orbitocranial region, particularly with the advent of interventional neuroimaging. The objective of this publication was to analyze the various descriptions of the sphenoidal artery in the literature as related to relevant photographs of a dissected arterially injected fetal middle cranial fossa and orbit.MethodsPublications dealing with middle meningeal-ophthalmic arterial anastomoses, focusing on the sphenoidal artery, were reviewed. A relevant dissection of a fetal specimen was analyzed.ResultsThe literature dealing with the sphenoidal artery is at times not in agreement. The nomenclature and anatomy of its passage through the superior orbital fissure or Hyrtl canal have variable descriptions. Photographs of the skull base of a dissected arterially injected fetal specimen show bilateral prominent orbital branches of the middle meningeal arteries. These branches entered both orbits in a course similar to the diagrammatic representations of the sphenoidal artery, and give rise to several major intraorbital arteries. This study provides the only photographic image in the literature of this variation in a human fetal anatomic dissection.ConclusionsReview of the literature dealing with the sphenoidal artery shows inconsistent nomenclature and conflicting descriptions of its anastomotic connections, and varying evolutionary and embryologic theories. Analysis of the dissected fetal skull base indicates that the sphenoidal artery is not a distinct artery but just a middle meningeal orbital arterial branch, an important component of the complex and dangerous arterial anastomoses of the human orbitocranial region.