bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving the detection of rare native fish species in environmental DNA metabarcoding surveys
Authors: Rojahn Jack , Gleeson Dianne M. , Furlan Elise , Haeusler Tim , Bylemans Jonas 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

The presence of threatened or endangered species often strongly influences management and conservation decisions. Within the Murray–Darling Basin (MDB), Australia, the presence of threatened native fish affects the management and allocation of water resources. In New South Wales, these decisions are currently based on traditional fisheries data and a predictive MaxEnt model. However, it is important to verify the model's predictive power given the implication it may have, but this requires methods with a high detection sensitivity for rare species.
Although the use of environmental DNA (eDNA) monitoring, in particular eDNA metabarcoding, achieves a higher detection sensitivity compared with traditional methods, earlier surveys in the MDB have shown that the highly abundant and invasive common carp (Cyprinus carpio) can reduce detection probabilities for rare species. Consequently, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) blocking primer designed to block the amplification of carp eDNA could increase the detection probabilities for rare native species while simultaneously reducing the required sampling effort and survey costs. Although PCR blocking primers are often used in ancient DNA and dietary studies, no aquatic eDNA metabarcoding study to date has evaluated the potential benefits of using PCR blocking primers.
A laboratory and field‐based pilot study was used to address this knowledge gap and assess the impact of a blocking primer, targeting cyprinid fishes (including carp), on the detection probabilities of native species and the minimum sampling effort required.
Results showed that the inclusion of the blocking primer increased the detection probabilities for native species by 10–20% and reduced the minimum required sampling effort by 25–50%. These findings provide important insights into possible methods for optimizing eDNA metabarcoding surveys for the detection of rare aquatic species.
Outsiders‐within‐Library and Information Science: Reprioritizing the marginalized in critical sociocultural work
Authors: Cooke Nicole A. , Kitzie Vanessa L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWhile there are calls for new paradigms within the profession, there are also existing subgenres that fit this bill if they would be fully acknowledged. This essay argues that underrepresented and otherwise marginalized scholars have already produced significant work within social, cultural, and community‐oriented paradigms; social justice and advocacy; and, diversity, equity, and inclusion. This work has not been sufficiently valued or promoted. Furthermore, the surrounding structural conditions have resulted in the dismissal, violently reviewed and rejected, and erased work of underrepresented scholars, and the stigmatization and delegitimization of their work. These scholars are “outsiders‐within‐LIS.” By identifying the outsiders‐within‐LIS through the frame of standpoint theories, the authors are suggesting that a new paradigm does not need to be created; rather, an existing paradigm needs to be recognized and reprioritized. This reprioritized paradigm of critical sociocultural work has and will continue to creatively enrich and expand the field and decolonize LIS curricula.
Single‐cell profiling for advancing birth defects research and prevention
Authors: Knudsen Thomas B. , Spielmann Malte , Megason Sean G. , Faustman Elaine M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCellular analysis of developmental processes and toxicities has traditionally entailed bulk methods (e.g., transcriptomics) that lack single cell resolution or tissue localization methods (e.g., immunostaining) that allow only a few genes to be monitored in each experiment. Recent technological advances have enabled interrogation of genomic function at the single‐cell level, providing new opportunities to unravel developmental pathways and processes with unprecedented resolution. Here, we review emerging technologies of single‐cell RNA‐sequencing (scRNA‐seq) to globally characterize the gene expression sets of different cell types and how different cell types emerge from earlier cell states in development. Cell atlases of experimental embryology and human embryogenesis at single‐cell resolution will provide an encyclopedia of genes that define key stages from gastrulation to organogenesis. This technology, combined with computational models to discover key organizational principles, was recognized by Science magazine as the “Breakthrough of the year” for 2018 due to transformative potential on the way we study how human cells mature over a lifetime, how tissues regenerate, and how cells change in diseases (e.g., patient‐derived organoids to screen disease‐specific targets and design precision therapy). Profiling transcriptomes at the single‐cell level can fulfill the need for greater detail in the molecular progression of all cell lineages, from pluripotency to adulthood and how cell–cell signaling pathways control progression at every step. Translational opportunities emerge for elucidating pathogenesis of genetic birth defects with cellular precision and improvements for predictive toxicology of chemical teratogenesis.
Die Ultraschall‐Echomethode – von der Messung zur bautechnischen Kenngröße
Authors: Maack Stefan , Küttenbaum Stefan , Epple Niklas , Aligholizadeh Mohammad 
Published: January 2021

AbstractZerstörungsfreie Prüfverfahren liefern wichtige Informationen zur Beurteilung von Bauwerken. Mit ihnen können Materialeigenschaften bestimmt oder die innere Struktur von Bauteilen beschrieben werden. Für letzteres werden in der Regel Volumenverfahren angewandt. Einen besonderen Stellenwert haben in der Praxis die Radar‐ und die Ultraschall‐Echoverfahren. Ihre Anwendung erfordert lediglich eine einseitige Zugänglichkeit zum Bauteil. Zudem lassen sich zahlreiche unterschiedliche Prüfaufgaben lösen. Zum Stand der Technik gehören beispielsweise die Ortung von Bewehrung und Spannkanälen, die Bestimmung der Dicke von Bauteilen oder die Fehlerlokalisierung. In diesem Beitrag wird gezeigt, wie mithilfe von Ultraschall‐Echomessungen gesammelte Messwerte in ein quantitatives Messergebnis überführt werden können, das wiederum in ingenieurtechnische Berechnungen einfließen kann. Einleitend werden die Prüfmethode und die Messtechnik erläutert. Anschließend wird das Vorgehen von der Auswertung der Messergebnisse bis zur Bestimmung der bautechnischen Kenngröße – Bauteildicke – gezeigt. Abschließend wird die Methodik an einem Referenzprüfkörper aus Polyamid demonstriert und den Ergebnissen von Messungen an Beton gegenübergestellt.
Preparation and Evaluation of Gallate Ester Derivatives Used as Promising Antioxidant and Antibacterial Inhibitors
Authors: Wang Xuan , Li Cuiping , Yun Fei , Jiang Xiaohui , Yu Liangmin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMany gallate esters have been applied as food additives due to their good biological properties. Herein, nine novel gallate ester derivatives were synthesized by a Friedel‐Crafts alkylation reaction and characterized by melting point (m.p.), infrared (IR) spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐ and 13C‐NMR) spectra, and high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HR‐ESI‐MS). Their antioxidant and antibacterial activities were measured using a series of classical assays. Studies found that the products showed favorable antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Their 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl free radical (DPPH⋅) scavenging effect IC50 values were less than 5.00 μg mL−1 and their reducing power was not less than that of vitamin C (Vc). Furthermore, the antibacterial results showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of the products were not greater than 8.00 μg mL−1, and their antibacterial rates were over 95 % at 300 μg mL−1. The above data add valuable and novel information that gallate ester derivatives can be considered potential food additives to address food safety issues because of their high biological activity and health benefits.
Rare enough ? Cardiac Device‐related pocket Infection due to Mycobacterium fortuitum
Authors: Golamari Reshma , Sahu Nitasa , Vunnam Rama , Bhatt Dhirisha , Thapa Rameet , Patel Ravi , Jain Rohit 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNontuberculous mycobacteria are rare causes of cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED)‐related infections and may lead to device‐related endocarditis, so preventing them is key. We present a case of CIED‐related pocket infection due to Mycobacterium fortuitum which highlights the challenges in management of such infections.
Microwave‐Irradiated Green Synthesis of a Silver/Zinc Oxide Nanocomposite from Atalantia monophylla (L.) Leaf Extract
Authors: Verma Ravikant , Basheer Khan Anisa 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA silver/zinc oxide nanocomposite (Ag/ZnONC) was synthesized using the aqueous leaf extract of Atalantia monophylla as a reducing and capping agent, under controlled and effective microwave heating with silver nitrate (AgNO3) and zinc nitrate hexahydrate (ZnNO3·6H2O) serving as precursor salts. The X‐ray diffraction spectra peak and selective area electron diffraction patterns confirmed the crystalline nature of the synthesized nanocomposite particles. High‐resolution scanning electron microscopy images and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy micrographs of Ag/ZnONC showed an aggregated net‐like structure containing small spherical Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) supported by the large aggregated ZnO nanoparticles (ZnONPs). The eco‐friendly synthesized Ag/ZnONC shows great relevance in areas like photonics, catalysis, electronics, and biomedicals.
A Superconcentrated Water‐in‐Salt Hydrogel Electrolyte for High‐Voltage Aqueous Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Yibo , Zhou Zhuqing , Deng Wenjun , Li Chang , Yuan Xinran , Hu Jun , Zhang Man , Chen Haibiao , Li Rui 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe report a high‐voltage aqueous full potassium‐ion battery (AFKIB) with a superconcentrated water‐in‐salt hydrogel electrolyte (WISHE). This WISHE exhibits an expanded electrochemical stability window (ESW) of 3.0 V as well as a high ionic conductivity of 4.34 mS cm−1. The hydrogen bonds between the polymer network and the water phase help to further widen the ESW over a liquid‐type water‐in‐salt electrolyte, and prevent liquid leakage. The assembled AFKIB exhibits a considerable capacity of 135 mA h g−1 and a superior stability after 3000 cycles. This work provides a meaningful way of designing high‐voltage aqueous energy storage devices.
Optimizing the Electrochemiluminescence of Readily Accessible Pyrido[1,2‐α]pyrimidines through “Green” Substituent Regulation
Authors: Zhang Ruizhong , Cheng Jun , Yang Liuqing , Wong Jonathan M. , Ralph Adsetts Jonathan , Wang Ruiyao , Liu Jiyan , Ding Zhifeng , Wang Hong‐Bo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBright and low‐cost emitting organic molecules are very desirable for electrochemiluminescence (ECL). Here, we report a facile one‐step, three‐component reaction of readily available precursors to synthesize pyrido[1,2‐α]pyrimidine derivatives (1–4), all which give off green photoluminescence (PL). In contrast, the electrochemistry and ECL properties of these luminophores are affected by the extent of the conjugation and the nature of the peripheral substituents. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations identified the aromatic chain substitution could extend the conjugation of pyrido[1,2‐α]pyrimidine core and stabilize the electrogenerated radicals required for generation of an excited state, affording pyrido[1,2‐α]pyrimidine 3 the highest ECL activity among the studied samples. ECL in annihilation route confirmed weak emission, but great improvement was made using oxidizing co‐reactant species (benzoate radical from benzoyl peroxide, BPO) with an efficiency of 43 % relative to that of Ru(bpy)3(PF6)2. The pyrido[1,2‐α]pyrimidine 3/BPO system is more robust than those of reducing co‐reactant species [tri‐n‐propylamine radical or 2‐(dibutylamino) ethanol radical] and is one of the highest among the reported organic electrochemiluminophores. ECL spectroscopy revealed that the monomeric excited states were the main species to emit light. Their straightforward, one‐step, green synthesis, and their structure tunability represent significant advantages in the development of readily accessible dyes for PL and especially ECL applications.
Surface Engineered Li Metal Anode for All‐Solid‐State Lithium Metal Batteries with High Capacity
Authors: Shi Yanan , Zhou Dong , Li Mengqi , Wang Chao , Wei Weng , Liu Gaozhan , Jiang Miao , Fan Wentong , Zhang Zhihua , Yao Xiayin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLithium metal is being hailed as the holy grail of next‐generation high‐energy‐density all‐solid‐state batteries. However, the poor interfacial compatibility between Li and solid electrolyte and formation of lithium dendrite strongly impedes its practical application. Herein, a facile surface modification strategy is proposed to reconstruct the Li/Li10GeP2S12 interface in order to address these problems. Beneficial from amorphous Li3PO4 by radio frequency magnetron sputtering on Li, parasitic side reactions between Li and Li10GeP2S12 is strongly suppressed, resulting in a stable cycling performance in symmetric Li/Li cell with a low polarization voltage (about ±180 mV) up to 1000 hours. Moreover, the Li/Li10GeP2S12/LiCoO2 cell displays a reversible discharge capacity of 104.5 mA h/g at 0.1 C after 50 cycles. It indicates that Li3PO4 layer is not only favorable to improve interfacial stability between Li/Li10GeP2S12 but also advantageous to homogenize Li deposition.
Regeneration Potential of Alginite for the Depletion of Organic Contaminants from Wastewater
Authors: Kropp Anne‐Christin , Unz Simon , Beckmann Michael , Schmidt André , Guhl Andrea C. , Bertau Martin , Knoblich Aron , Heide Gerhard 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEndokrin wirksame Substanzen (EDC, endocrine‐disrupting chemicals) in Abwässern bekommen zunehmend mehr Aufmerksamkeit, da die schädliche Wirkung für das Hormonsystem von Lebewesen bestätigt wurde. Das kostengünstige Gestein Alginit als neuartiges Adsorbens ist aufgrund der guten Abreicherungsraten gegenüber EDC neben der herkömmlich genutzten Aktivkohle für ein Reinigungsverfahren als 4. Reinigungsstufe geeignet. Umfangreiche Untersuchungen zeigten, dass mehrmalige Beladungs‐ und Regenerationszyklen bei Aufrechterhaltung einer hohen Beladungskapazität mit dem Alginit möglich sind.
Hydroisomerization of Renewable and Fossil n‐Alkanes over Bifunctional Dealuminated ZSM‐5 Catalysts
Authors: Schmutzler Felix , Zschiesche Christopher , Titus Juliane , Poppitz David , Freiding Jens , Rakoczy Rainer , Reitzmann Andreas , Gläser Roger 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe hydroisomerization of two long‐chain n‐alkane mixtures was investigated over bifunctional Pt/H‐ZSM‐5 catalysts before and after dealumination of preshaped zeolite/binder pellets. The hydroisomerization over the dealuminated catalysts leads to more isomers and less cracking products. Consequently, higher ratios of multi‐ to mono‐branched isomerization products are formed as expected for large‐ rather than medium‐pore zeolites. This indicates a higher availability of space in the vicinity of the active sites and provides an attractive route to make medium‐pore zeolites suitable for upgrading higher boiling hydrocarbon feeds.
Electrodeposition of Pt3Sn Nano‐alloy on NiFe‐Layered Double Hydroxide with “Card‐house” Structure for Enhancing the Electrocatalytic Oxidation Performance of Ethanol
Authors: Xiang Qiankun , Xu Yanqi , Chen Rongrong , Yang Caihong , Li Xuemei , Li Guangyao , Wu Di , Xie Xiangli , Zhu Wenfeng , Wang Linjiang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCatalysts are an important part of the ethanol fuel cell. However, catalysts present certain problems such as high cost, low conversion efficiency, and poor durability, which hinder the commercialization of direct ethanol fuel cells. The method of loading the catalyst on the carrier and alloying can effectively improve the dispersion, enhance the anti‐poisoning ability, improve stability, and reduce cost of the catalyst. In this work, NiFe‐layered double hydroxide (NiFe‐LDH) with a “card‐house” structure was grown vertically on nickel foam by electrochemical deposition. Pt3Sn nano‐alloy particles were then deposited on NiFe‐LDH/NF by electrochemical deposition to generate the ethanol electrocatalytic material (denoted as Pt3Sn NPs/NiFe‐LDH/NF). The “card‐house” structure formed by NiFe‐LDH thin nanosheets (thickness of 14.63 nm) improved the dispersion and uniformity of the Pt3Sn nano‐alloy particles (5.34 nm). The introduction of the oxyphilic metals Ni and Fe enhanced the anti‐toxicity of the Pt3Sn nano‐alloys. The synthesized catalyst exhibited a large electroactive surface area with a specific activity of 21.74 mA cm−2 and a If/Ir of 1.23, which were higher than those of traditional ethanol electrocatalysts. The catalyst also presented better catalytic performance for ethanol oxidation, excellent stability and anti‐poisoning ability.
Reduction Mechanism of Transition Metal Oxide Particles in Thermally Induced Nanobubbles during Pulsed Laser Melting in Ethanol
Authors: Suehara Kentaro , Takai Ryosuke , Ishikawa Yoshie , Koshizaki Naoto , Omura Kazunobu , Nagata Harunori , Yamauchi Yuji 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPulsed laser melting in liquid (PLML) is a technique to fabricate spherical submicrometer particles (SMPs) wherein nanosecond pulsed laser (several tens to several hundreds of mJ pulse−1 cm−2) irradiates raw particles dispersed in liquid. Raw particles are transiently heated above the melting point to form spherical particles, which enables pulsed heating of surrounding liquid to form thermally induced bubbles by liquid vaporization. These transient bubbles play an important role as a thermal barrier to rapidly heat the particle. Reduced SMPs are generated from raw metal‐oxide nanoparticles by PLML process in ethanol. This reduction cannot be explained by high‐temperature thermal decomposition, but by mediation of molecules decomposed from ethanol. Computational simulations of ethanol decomposition by pulsed heating for 100 ns at the temperature 1000–4000 K revealed that ethylene is generated as the main product. Gibbs free energies of oxide reduction reactions mediated by ethylene greatly decreased compared to those without ethylene mediation. This explanation can be applied to reductive SMP formation from various transition metal oxides by PLML.
Proton Transfer and SN2 Reactions as Steps of Fast Selenol and Thiol Oxidation in Proteins: A Model Molecular Study Based on GPx
Authors: Dalla Tiezza Marco , Bickelhaupt F. Matthias , Flohé Leopold , Orian Laura 
Published: January 2021

AbstractInvited for this month's cover are collaborating groups from Università degli Studi di Padova, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, and Universidad de la República Uruguay. The cover picture shows two lorries along the road directed to the destination ‘H2O2 reduction’, and the selenol (SeH) lorry is faster than the thiol (SH) lorry. This cartoon represents the situation of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), in which the presence of selenium rather than sulfur warrants a significantly faster hydroperoxide reduction along the same mechanistic path. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/cplu.202000660.
Biocatalysis in the Recycling Landscape for Synthetic Polymers and Plastics towards Circular Textiles
Authors: Jönsson Christina , Wei Ren , Biundo Antonino , Landberg Johan , Schwarz Bour Lisa , Pezzotti Fabio , Toca Andreea , M. Jacques Les , Bornscheuer Uwe T. , Syrén Per‐Olof 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAlthough recovery of fibers from used textiles with retained material quality is desired, separation of individual components from polymer blends used in today's complex textile materials is currently not available at viable scale. Biotechnology could provide a solution to this pressing problem by enabling selective depolymerization of recyclable fibers of natural and synthetic origin, to isolate constituents or even recover monomers. We compiled experimental data for biocatalytic polymer degradation with a focus on synthetic polymers with hydrolysable links and calculated conversion rates to explore this path The analysis emphasizes that we urgently need major research efforts: beyond cellulose‐based fibers, biotechnological‐assisted depolymerization of plastics so far only works for polyethylene terephthalate, with degradation of a few other relevant synthetic polymer chains being reported. In contrast, by analyzing market data and emerging trends for synthetic fibers in the textile industry, in combination with numbers from used garment collection and sorting plants, it was shown that the use of difficult‐to‐recycle blended materials is rapidly growing. If the lack of recycling technology and production trend for fiber blends remains, a volume of more than 3400 Mt of waste will have been accumulated by 2030. This work highlights the urgent need to transform the textile industry from a biocatalytic perspective.
Targeting cyclooxygenase enzyme for the adjuvant COVID‐19 therapy
Authors: Prasher Parteek , Sharma Mousmee , Gunupuru Ravi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDespite vigorous efforts, the COVID‐19 pandemic continues to take a toll on the global health. The contemporary therapeutic regime focused on the viral spike proteins, viral 3CL protease enzyme, immunomodulation, inhibition of viral replication, and providing a symptomatic relief encouraged the repurposing of drugs to meet the urgency of treatment. Similarly, the representative drugs that proved beneficial to alleviate SARS‐CoV‐1, MERS‐CoV, HIV, ZIKV, H1N1, and malarial infection in the past presented a sturdy candidature for ameliorating the COVID‐19 therapeutic doctrine. However, most of the deliberations for developing effective pharmaceuticals proved inconsequential, thereby encouraging the identification of new pathways, and novel pharmaceuticals for capping the COVID‐19 infection. The COVID‐19 contagion encompasses a burst release of the cytokines that increase the severity of the infection mainly due to heightened immunopathogenicity. The pro‐inflammatory metabolites, COX‐2, cPLA2, and 5‐LOX enzymes involved in their generation, and the substrates that instigate the origination of the innate inflammatory response therefore play an important role in intensifying and worsening of the tissue morbidity related to the coronavirus infection. The deployment of representative drugs for inhibiting these overexpressed immunogenic pathways in the tissues invaded by coronaviruses has been a matter of debate since the inception of the pandemic. The effectiveness of NSAIDs such as Aspirin, Indomethacin, Diclofenac, and Celecoxib in COVID‐19 coagulopathy, discouraging the SARS viral replication, the inflammasome deactivation, and synergistic inhibition of H5N1 viral infection with representative antiviral drugs respectively, have provided a silver lining in adjuvant COVID‐19 therapy. Since the anti‐inflammatory NSAIDs and COXIBs mainly function by reversing the COX‐2 overexpression to modulate the overproduction of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, these drugs present a robust treatment option for COVID‐19 infection. This commentary succinctly highlights the various claims that support the status of immunomodulatory NSAIDs, and COXIBs in the adjuvant COVID‐19 therapy.