bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protocol for the development of a Core Outcome Set for trials on the prevention and treatment of Orthodontically induced enamel White Spot Lesions (COS-OWSL)
Authors: Qin Danchen , Wang Yunlei , Levey Colin , Ngan Peter , He Hong , Hua Fang ,   on behalf of the Core Outcome Set for trials on the prevention and treatment of enamel White Spot Lesions (COS-WSL) group
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Enamel white spot lesions (WSLs), characterized by an opaque, matt, and chalky white appearance of enamel, are a sign of incipient caries. WSLs are common in orthodontic practice and can affect both the oral health and dental aesthetics of patients. Extensive studies have been conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of prevention or treatment for orthodontically induced enamel WSLs. However, substantial heterogeneity has been found in the outcomes used for the prevention and treatment of WSLs in literature, which prevents researchers from comparing and combining the results of different studies to draw more decisive conclusions. Therefore, we aim to develop a Core Outcome Set for trials on the prevention and treatment of Orthodontically induced enamel White Spot Lesions (COS-OWSL).

Methods
The development of COS-OWSL comprises four phases: (1) a scoping review to identify and summarize all existing outcomes that have been used in trials on the prevention or treatment of orthodontically induced WSLs; (2) qualitative interviews with orthodontic patients without (for prevention) and with WSL-affected teeth (for treatment) and relevant dental professionals to identify additional outcomes relevant to them; (3) Delphi surveys to collect opinions from key stakeholders including patients, dental professionals, and researchers and to reach a preliminary consensus; and (4) a consensus meeting to develop the final COS-OWSL.

Discussion
The COS-OWSL will be developed to facilitate the synthesis of evidence regarding the prevention and treatment of orthodontically induced WSLs and to promote the consistent use of relevant patient-important outcomes among future studies in this field.

Trial registration
Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials (COMET) initiative (the COS-WSL project) 1399
Effects of an exclusive human-milk diet in preterm neonates on early vascular aging risk factors (NEOVASC): study protocol for a multicentric, prospective, randomized, controlled, open, and parallel group clinical trial
Authors: Mitterer Wolfgang , Binder Christoph , Blassnig-Ezeh Anya , Auer-Hackenberg Lorenz , Berger Angelika , Simma Burkhard , Wald Martin , Lee Martin , Kiechl-Kohlendorfer Ursula 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundPreterm birth accounts for approximately 11% of all livebirths globally. Due to improvements in perinatal care, more than 95% of these infants now survive into adulthood. Research has indicated a robust association between prematurity and increased cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular mortality. While the innate adverse effects of prematurity on these outcomes have been demonstrated, therapeutic strategies on the mitigation of these concerning developments are lacking. The primary objective of the NEOVASC clinical trial is therefore to investigate whether the administration of a prolonged exclusive human-milk diet in preterm infants is capable of alleviating the harmful effects of preterm birth on the early development of cardiovascular risk factors.MethodsThe NEOVASC study is a multicentric, prospective, randomized, controlled, open, and parallel group clinical trial conducted in four Austrian tertiary neonatal care facilities. The purpose of the present trial is to investigate the effects of a prolonged exclusive human-milk-diet devoid of bovine-milk-based food components on cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors at 1, 2, and 5 years of corrected age. Primary outcomes include assessments of fasting blood glucose levels, blood pressure levels, and the distensibility of the descending aorta using validated echocardiographic protocols at 5 years of corrected age. The test group, which consists of 200 preterm infants, will therefore be compared to a control group of 100 term-born infants and a historical control group recruited previously.DiscussionGiven the emerging implications of an increased cardiovascular risk profile in the potentially growing population of preterm infants, further research on the mitigation of long-term morbidities in formerly preterm infants is urgently warranted. Further optimizing preterm infants’ nutrition by removing bovine-milk-based food components may therefore be an interesting approach worth pursuing.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.govNCT04413994. Registered on 4 June 2020.
REBOARREST, resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta in non-traumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a study protocol for a randomised, parallel group, clinical multicentre trial
Authors: Brede Jostein Rødseth , Skulberg Arne Kristian , Rehn Marius , Thorsen Kjetil , Klepstad Pål , Tylleskär Ida , Farbu Bjørn , Dale Jostein , Nordseth Trond , Wiseth Rune , Krüger Andreas Jørstad 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is poor and dependent on high-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) may be advantageous in non-traumatic OHCA due to the potential benefit of redistributing the cardiac output to organs proximal to the aortic occlusion. This theory is supported by data from both preclinical studies and human case reports.

Methods
This multicentre trial will enrol 200 adult patients, who will be randomised in a 1:1 ratio to either a control group that receives advanced cardiovascular life support (ACLS) or an intervention group that receives ACLS and REBOA. The primary endpoint will be the proportion of patients who achieve return of spontaneous circulation with a duration of at least 20 min. The secondary objectives of this trial are to measure the proportion of patients surviving to 30 days with good neurological status, to describe the haemodynamic physiology of aortic occlusion during ACLS, and to document adverse events.

Discussion
Results from this study will assess the efficacy and safety of REBOA as an adjunctive treatment for non-traumatic OHCA. This novel use of REBOA may contribute to improve treatment for this patient cohort.

Trial registration
The trial is approved by the Regional Committee for Medical and Health Research Ethics in Norway (reference 152504) and is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (reference NCT04596514) and as Universal Trial Number WHO: U1111-1253-0322.
SUMOylated non-canonical polycomb PRC1.6 complex as a prerequisite for recruitment of transcription factor RBPJ
Authors: Sotomska Małgorzata , Liefke Robert , Ferrante Francesca , Schwederski Heiko , Oswald Franz , Borggrefe Tilman 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Notch signaling controls cell fate decisions in many contexts during development and adult stem cell homeostasis and, when dysregulated, leads to carcinogenesis. The central transcription factor RBPJ assembles the Notch coactivator complex in the presence of Notch signaling, and represses Notch target gene expression in its absence.

Results
We identified L3MBTL2 and additional members of the non-canonical polycomb repressive PRC1.6 complex in DNA-bound RBPJ associated complexes and demonstrate that L3MBTL2 directly interacts with RBPJ. Depletion of RBPJ does not affect occupancy of PRC1.6 components at Notch target genes. Conversely, absence of L3MBTL2 reduces RBPJ occupancy at enhancers of Notch target genes. Since L3MBTL2 and additional members of the PRC1.6 are known to be SUMOylated, we investigated whether RBPJ uses SUMO-moieties as contact points. Indeed, we found that RBPJ binds to SUMO2/3 and that this interaction depends on a defined SUMO-interaction motif. Furthermore, we show that pharmacological inhibition of SUMOylation reduces RBPJ occupancy at Notch target genes.

Conclusions
We propose that the PRC1.6 complex and its conjugated SUMO-modifications provide a favorable environment for binding of RBPJ to Notch target genes.
Genetic variation of ABCB1 (rs1128503, rs1045642) and CYP2E1 rs3813867 with the duration of tuberculosis therapy: a pilot study among tuberculosis patients in Indonesia
Authors: Barliana Melisa Intan , Kusuma Arif Satria Wira , Insani Widya Norma , Alfian Sofa Dewi , Diantini Ajeng , Mutakin Mutakin , Rostinawati Tina , Herlambang Herlambang , Puspitasari Irma Melyani , Suwantika Auliya Abdurrohim , Abdulah Rizky 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objective
The risk of contracting tuberculosis (TB) and the efficacy of TB therapy are affected by several factors, including genetic variation among populations. In the Indonesian population, data on the genes involved in drug transport and metabolism of TB therapy are limited. The aim of this study was to identify the genetic profile of the ABCB1 gene (rs1128503 and rs1045642) and CYP2E1 gene (rs3813867) in Indonesians with TB. This study was a cross-sectional study of 50 TB outpatients in Jambi city, Indonesia. Sociodemographic characteristics were obtained from medical records. Whole blood was collected, and genomic DNA was isolated. Single nucleotide polymorphisms were determined using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism with HaeIII, MboI, and PstI for rs1128503, rs1045642 (ABCB1), and rs3813867 (CYP2E1), respectively.

Result
The frequency of alleles of each gene was analyzed by Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. The genetic profiles of ABCB1 rs1128503 and rs1045642 were varied (CC, CT, TT), while CYP2E1 rs3813867 was present in CC (wild type). The genetic variations of ABCB1 and CYP2E1 may have no significant correlation with the duration of TB therapy. Nevertheless, this study may provide as preliminary results for the genetic profiles of ABCB1 (rs1128503, rs1045642) and CYP2E1 (rs3813867) in the Indonesia population.
Chromatin insulation dynamics in glioblastoma: challenges and future perspectives of precision oncology
Authors: Sesé Borja , Ensenyat-Mendez Miquel , Iñiguez Sandra , Llinàs-Arias Pere , Marzese Diego M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGlioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain tumor, having a poor prognosis and a median overall survival of less than two years. Over the last decade, numerous findings regarding the distinct molecular and genetic profiles of GBM have led to the emergence of several therapeutic approaches. Unfortunately, none of them has proven to be effective against GBM progression and recurrence. Epigenetic mechanisms underlying GBM tumor biology, including histone modifications, DNA methylation, and chromatin architecture, have become an attractive target for novel drug discovery strategies. Alterations on chromatin insulator elements (IEs) might lead to aberrant chromatin remodeling via DNA loop formation, causing oncogene reactivation in several types of cancer, including GBM. Importantly, it is shown that mutations affecting the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) 1 and 2 genes, one of the most frequent genetic alterations in gliomas, lead to genome-wide DNA hypermethylation and the consequent IE dysfunction. The relevance of IEs has also been observed in a small population of cancer stem cells known as glioma stem cells (GSCs), which are thought to participate in GBM tumor initiation and drug resistance. Recent studies revealed that epigenomic alterations, specifically chromatin insulation and DNA loop formation, play a crucial role in establishing and maintaining the GSC transcriptional program. This review focuses on the relevance of IEs in GBM biology and their implementation as a potential theranostic target to stratify GBM patients and develop novel therapeutic approaches. We will also discuss the state-of-the-art emerging technologies using big data analysis and how they will settle the bases on future diagnosis and treatment strategies in GBM patients.
Genome analysis of Salmonella strains isolated from imported frozen fish in Burkina Faso
Authors: Kagambèga Assèta , Belem Salifou , McMillan Elizabeth A. , Hiott Lari M. , Ramadan Hazem , Soro Daniel K. , Sharma Poonam , Gupta Sushim K. , Barro Nicolas , Jackson Charlene R. , Frye Jonathan G. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Fish is an excellent source of protein and vitamins for humans, but improperly handled, fish can expose consumers to pathogenic bacteria. This study was aimed to isolate and characterize the genomes of Salmonella strains isolated from imported fish sold in the open market in Ouagadougou.

Methods
One hundred and fifty-nine fish were collected from open markets and were cultured for Salmonella. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by broth microdilution. Whole-genome sequencing was done to further study antibiotic resistance genes, plasmid replicons, and MSLT types. Serotyping was done using SeqSero 2.

Result
Out of the 159 fish samples analyzed, 30 (18.9%) were found to be contaminated with Salmonella. Among the isolated Salmonella strains, six different serotypes, Nima, Liverpool, Kokomlemle, Teshie, Derby, and Tennessee, were found using SeqSero2. Salmonella Tennessee was the predominant serotype. All the isolates possessed at least one resistance gene. The aac6-Iaa aminoglycoside resistance gene was the most prevalent gene found in the strains. The gene fosA7 was detected in three strains. All the S. Nima isolates were of Multilocus Sequence Type (MLST) 8086, S. Teshie isolate was ST 530; Liverpool was ST 1959; Derby was ST 7880; Kokomlemle was ST 2696. The Tennessee isolates gave two different STs including ST 8395 and 8398.

Conclusion
The presented results highlight the prevalence of Salmonella on imported fish purchased from the open markets. More attention should be paid regarding fish selling conditions in the country to prevent the potential health risk for consumers.
Brain organoid: a 3D technology for investigating cellular composition and interactions in human neurological development and disease models in vitro
Authors: Agboola Oluwafemi Solomon , Hu Xinglin , Shan Zhiyan , Wu Yanshuang , Lei Lei 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The study of human brain physiology, including cellular interactions in normal and disease conditions, has been a challenge due to its complexity and unavailability. Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) study is indispensable in the study of the pathophysiology of neurological disorders. Nevertheless, monolayer systems lack the cytoarchitecture necessary for cellular interactions and neurological disease modeling. Brain organoids generated from human pluripotent stem cells supply an ideal environment to model both cellular interactions and pathophysiology of the human brain. This review article discusses the composition and interactions among neural lineage and non-central nervous system cell types in brain organoids, current studies, and future perspectives in brain organoid research. Ultimately, the promise of brain organoids is to unveil previously inaccessible features of neurobiology that emerge from complex cellular interactions and to improve our mechanistic understanding of neural development and diseases.

Graphical abstract
MLSolvA: solvation free energy prediction from pairwise atomistic interactions by machine learning
Authors: Lim Hyuntae , Jung YounJoon 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRecent advances in machine learning technologies and their applications have led to the development of diverse structure–property relationship models for crucial chemical properties. The solvation free energy is one of them. Here, we introduce a novel ML-based solvation model, which calculates the solvation energy from pairwise atomistic interactions. The novelty of the proposed model consists of a simple architecture: two encoding functions extract atomic feature vectors from the given chemical structure, while the inner product between the two atomistic feature vectors calculates their interactions. The results of 6239 experimental measurements achieve outstanding performance and transferability for enlarging training data owing to its solvent-non-specific nature. An analysis of the interaction map shows that our model has significant potential for producing group contributions on the solvation energy, which indicates that the model provides not only predictions of target properties but also more detailed physicochemical insights.
Research on TD-LTE wireless communication network propagation model optimization based on visual simulation and GIS
Authors: Li Tongyan , Hua Shuchun , Kang Le , Chang Sheng-Hung 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWith the support of GIS spatial analysis technology, based on an in-depth study of the wireless propagation environment of a city, combined with the analysis of project requirements, it proposes to use the SPM model to correct the propagation model parameters, using SPM. The wireless propagation model, and research and analysis of the SPM wireless propagation model correction algorithm, further corrected the parameters of a city's SPM wireless propagation model. On this basis, the propagation loss of several classic propagation models in different environments is compared, and the SPM propagation model suitable for the signal frequency band and propagation environment of this study is selected. The correction of the SPM propagation model is based on the designed correction principle and correction process, that is, the weighted least square method is used to fit and analyze the measured level data to obtain an SPM prediction improvement model with local characteristics, and according to the designed verification link. Evaluation of the correction results shows that the accuracy requirements are met. Based on the corrected SPM prediction model, link loss calculations were performed on the 13 test base stations studied in the experiment, and the effective coverage radius of each base station community was obtained. In combination with GIS technology, model parameters and workers of each base station participated in the electronic map loading of the area Go to the network planning software to get the wireless signal coverage prediction map of each base station. Finally, according to the technical requirements of the TD-LTE system network planning and network optimization engineering, the objectiveness and rationality of the site selection and number of base stations in the area were verified, and specific problems regarding poor coverage and overlapping coverage in the area were proposed.
Efficacy of adipose tissue-derived stem cells in locomotion recovery after spinal cord injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis on animal studies
Authors: Rafiei Alavi Seyedeh Niloufar , Madani Neishaboori Arian , Hossein Hasti , Sarveazad Arash , Yousefifard Mahmoud 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Considerable disparities exist on the use of adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) for treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI). Hence, the current systematic review aimed to investigate the efficacy of ADSCs in locomotion recovery following SCI in animal models.

Methods
A search was conducted in electronic databases of MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science until the end of July 2019. Reference and citation tracking and searching Google and Google Scholar search engines were performed to achieve more studies. Animal studies conducted on rats having SCI which were treated with ADSCs were included in the study. Exclusion criteria were lacking a non-treated control group, not evaluating locomotion, non-rat studies, not reporting the number of transplanted cells, not reporting isolation and preparation methods of stem cells, review articles, combination therapy, use of genetically modified ADSCs, use of induced pluripotent ADSCs, and human trials. Risk of bias was assessed using Hasannejad et al.’s proposed method for quality control of SCI-animal studies. Data were analyzed in STATA 14.0 software, and based on a random effect model, pooled standardized mean difference with a 95% confidence interval was presented.

Results
Of 588 non-duplicated papers, data from 18 articles were included. Overall risk of bias was high risk in 8 studies, some concern in 9 studies and low risk in 1 study. Current evidence demonstrated that ADSCs transplantation could improve locomotion following SCI (standardized mean difference = 1.71; 95%CI 1.29–2.13; p < 0.0001). A considerable heterogeneity was observed between the studies (I2 = 72.0%; p < 0.0001). Subgroup analysis and meta-regression revealed that most of the factors like injury model, the severity of SCI, treatment phase, injury location, and number of transplanted cells did not have a significant effect on the efficacy of ADSCs in improving locomotion following SCI (pfor odds ratios > 0.05).

Conclusion
We conclude that any number of ADSCs by any prescription routes can improve locomotion recovery in an SCI animal model, at any phase of SCI, with any severity. Given the remarkable bias about blinding, clinical translation of the present results is tough, because in addition to the complexity of the nervous system and the involvement of far more complex motor circuits in the human, blinding compliance and motor outcome assessment tests in animal studies and clinical trials are significantly different.
Nonlocal Lazer–McKenna-type problem perturbed by the Hardy’s potential and its parabolic equivalence
Authors: Bayrami-Aminlouee Masoud , Hesaaraki Mahmoud , Karim Hamdani Mohamed , Thanh Chung Nguyen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we study the effect of Hardy potential on the existence or nonexistence of solutions to the following fractional problem involving a singular nonlinearity:$$\begin{aligned} \textstyle\begin{cases} (-\Delta )^{s} u = \lambda \frac{u}{ \vert x \vert ^{2s}} + \frac{\mu }{u^{\gamma }}+f & \text{in } \Omega, \\ u>0 & \text{in } \Omega, \\ u=0 & \text{in } (\mathbb{R}^{N} \setminus \Omega ). \end{cases}\displaystyle \end{aligned}$${(−Δ)su=λu|x|2s+μuγ+fin Ω,u>0in Ω,u=0in (RN∖Ω).Here$0 < s<1$0<s<1,$\lambda >0$λ>0,$\gamma >0$γ>0, and$\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^{N}$Ω⊂RN($N > 2s$N>2s) is a bounded smooth domain such that$0 \in \Omega $0∈Ω. Moreover,$0 \leq \mu,f \in L^{1}(\Omega )$0≤μ,f∈L1(Ω). For$0< \lambda \leq \Lambda _{N,s}$0<λ≤ΛN,s,$\Lambda _{N,s}$ΛN,sbeing the best constant in the fractional Hardy inequality, we find a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a positive weak solution to the problem with respect to the dataμandf. Also, for a regular datum off, under suitable assumptions, we obtain some existence and uniqueness results and calculate the rate of growth of solutions. Moreover, we mention a nonexistence and a complete blowup result for the case$\lambda > \Lambda _{N,s}$λ>ΛN,s. Besides, we consider the parabolic equivalence of the above problem in the case$\mu \equiv 1$μ≡1and some suitable$f(x,t)$f(x,t), that is,$$\begin{aligned} \textstyle\begin{cases} u_{t}+(-\Delta )^{s} u = \lambda \frac{u}{ \vert x \vert ^{2s}} + \frac{1}{u^{\gamma }}+f(x,t) & \text{in } \Omega \times (0,T), \\ u>0 & \text{in } \Omega \times (0,T), \\ u =0 & \text{in } (\mathbb{R}^{N} \setminus \Omega ) \times (0,T), \\ u(x,0)=u_{0} & \text{in } \mathbb{R}^{N}, \end{cases}\displaystyle \end{aligned}$${ut+(−Δ)su=λu|x|2s+1uγ+f(x,t)in Ω×(0,T),u>0in Ω×(0,T),u=0in (RN∖Ω)×(0,T),u(x,0)=u0in RN,where$u_{0} \in X_{0}^{s}(\Omega )$u0∈X0s(Ω)satisfies an appropriate cone condition. In the case$0<\gamma \leq 1$0<γ≤1or$\gamma >1$γ>1with$2s(\gamma -1)<(\gamma +1)$2s(γ−1)<(γ+1), we show the existence of a unique solution for any$0< \lambda < \Lambda _{N,s}$0<λ<ΛN,sand prove a stabilization result for certain range ofλ.