bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the diversity of comfrey (Symphytum officinale L. and S. × uplandicum Nyman)
Authors: Ruzicka Joana , Berger-Büter Karin , Esslinger Nils , Novak Johannes 
Published: March 2021

AbstractComfrey Symphytum officinale L. (true comfrey) and S. × uplandicum Nyman (a hybrid between S. asperum Lepech × S. officinale L., Russian comfrey) are used externally for the treatment of pain, inflammation and swelling of muscles and joints in degenerative arthritis, in acute myalgia, sprains, contusions and strains after accidents. Besides plant secondary compounds associated with beneficial activities (e.g. rosmarinic acid and allantoin) comfrey forms also toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA). To improve further breeding and study the genetic relationships of a comfrey collection, a sample set of 219 S. officinale and 5 hybrid plants of S. × uplandicum were analysed with 34 SNP markers by KASP (Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR), developed from a next generation sequencing approach of three different individuals of S. officinale. In parallel, the plants were analysed for the polyphenol rosmarinic acid, the purine derivative allantoin, and the toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Besides the two beneficial compounds, further 13 polyphenols and 10 purine derivatives were determined. The plants were grouped into six distinct genetic clusters. Rosmarinic acid was not linked to any of the clusters, while one cluster was distinctively different for some compounds, amongst them allantoin and globoidnan A. Also linked to a certain genetic cluster was a low content of PA, which could become a valuable gene pool for minimizing PA content by breeding. A subset of the samples was analysed in a second year again where rosmarinic acid and allantoin showed a medium stability, while globoidnan A was completely unstable.
Working at a remove: continuous, collective, and configurative approaches to qualitative secondary analysis
Authors: Hughes Kahryn , Hughes Jason , Tarrant Anna 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we define and operationalise three modes of research engagement using qualitative secondary analysis (QSA). We characterise these forms of engagement ascontinuous,collectiveandconfigurative. ContinuousQSA involves modes of engagement that centre on asking new questions of existing datasets to (re)apprehend empirical evidence, and develop continuous (or contiguous) samples in ways that principally leverage epistemic distance.CollectiveQSA characteristically involves generating dialogue between members of different research teams to establish comparisons and linkages across studies, and formulate new analytic directions harnessing relational distance.ConfigurativeQSA refers to how existing data are brought into conversation with broader sources of theory and evidence, typically in ways which exploit greater temporal distance. In relation to each mode of engagement we discuss how processes of both (re)contextualisationand (re)connectionoffer opportunities for new analytical engagement through different combinations and degrees of proximity to, and distance from, the formative contexts of data production.
Assimiliert – Abitur, separiert – Hauptschulabschluss? Zum Zusammenhang zwischen Akkulturation und angestrebtem Schulabschluss
Authors: Lilla Nanine , Thürer Sebastian , Nieuwenboom Wim , Schüpbach Marianne 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungDiese Studie geht der Frage nach, inwiefern ein Zusammenhang zwischen der Akkulturation von Schülerinnen und Schülern mit Migrationshintergrund und dem in der Sekundarstufe angestrebten Schulabschluss besteht. Auf Grundlage der Daten des Nationalen Bildungspanels (NEPS) wurden unterschiedliche Aspekte von Akkulturation herangezogen und mittels Latenter Profilanalyse vier Akkulturationsprofile ermittelt: ein assimiliertes, ein moderat assimiliertes, ein integriertes und ein separiertes Akkulturationsprofil. In Abhängigkeit der identifizierten Akkulturationsprofile wurde in logistischen Regressionsanalysen die Chance ein Abitur beziehungsweise einen Hauptschulabschluss anzustreben geschätzt. Vor Berücksichtigung der Deutschkompetenz zeigen die Ergebnisse, dass das separierte Akkulturationsprofil den angestrebten Schulabschluss vorhersagt. Unter Kontrolle der Deutschkompetenz ist für kein Akkulturationsprofil mehr ein Effekt nachweisbar. Darüber hinausgehende Effekte der Herkunftsgruppe können lediglich für die Vorhersage der Chance ein Abitur anzustreben gezeigt werden. Die Befunde reihen sich in den Forschungsstand ein, der auf Nachteile der Separation im deutschen Schulkontext hindeutet und verweisen auf die Bedeutsamkeit der deutschsprachlichen Kompetenzen für schulischen Erfolg.
Potential urinary function benefits of initial robotic surgery for rectal cancer in the introductory phase
Authors: Oshio Hiroshi , Oshima Yukiko , Yunome Gen , Yano Mitsuyasu , Okazaki Shinji , Ashitomi Yuya , Musha Hiroaki , Kamio Yukinori , Motoi Fuyuhiko 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe aimed to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of initial robotic surgery for rectal cancer in the introduction phase. This study retrospectively evaluated patients who underwent initial robotic surgery (n = 36) vs. patients who underwent conventional laparoscopic surgery (n = 95) for rectal cancer. We compared the clinical and pathological characteristics of patients using a propensity score analysis and clarified short-term outcomes, urinary function, and sexual function at the time of robotic surgery introduction. The mean surgical duration was longer in the robot-assisted laparoscopy group compared with the conventional laparoscopy group (288.4 vs. 245.2 min, respectively; p = 0.051). With lateral pelvic lymph node dissection, no significant difference was observed in surgical duration (508.0 min for robot-assisted laparoscopy vs. 480.4 min for conventional laparoscopy; p = 0.595). The length of postoperative hospital stay was significantly shorter in the robot-assisted laparoscopy group compared with the conventional laparoscopy group (15 days vs. 13.0 days, respectively; p = 0.026). Conversion to open surgery was not necessary in either group. The International Prostate Symptom Score was significantly lower in the robot-assisted laparoscopy group compared with the conventional laparoscopy group. Moderate-to-severe symptoms were more frequently observed in the conventional laparoscopy group compared with the robot-assisted laparoscopy group (p = 0.051). Robotic surgery is safe and could improve functional disorder after rectal cancer surgery in the introduction phase. This may depend on the surgeon’s experience in performing robotic surgery and strictly confined criteria in Japan.
Screening for Barrett’s Oesophagus: Are We Ready for it?
Authors: Yusuf Aisha , Fitzgerald Rebecca C. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPurpose of reviewThe targeted approach adopted for Barrett’s oesophagus (BO) screening is sub-optimal considering the large proportion of BO cases that are currently missed. We reviewed the literature highlighting recent technological advancements in efforts to counteract this challenge. We also provided insights into strategies that can improve the outcomes from current BO screening practises.Recent findingsThe standard method for BO detection, endoscopy, is invasive and expensive and therefore inappropriate for mass screening. On the other hand, endoscopy is more cost-effective for screening a high-risk population. A consensus has however not been reached on who should be screened. Risk prediction algorithms have been tested as an enrichment pre-screening tool reporting modest AUC’s but require more prospective evaluation studies. Less invasive endoscopy methods like trans-nasal endoscopy, oesophageal capsule endsocopy and non-endoscopic cell collection devices like the Cytosponge coupled with biomarker analysis have shown promise in BO detection with randomised clinical trial evidence.SummaryA three-tier precision cancer programme whereby risk prediction algorithms and non-endoscopic minimally invasive cell collection devices are used to triage test a wider pool of individuals may improve the detection rate of current screening practises with minimal cost implications.
Molecular Dambusters: What Is Behind Hyperpermeability in Bradykinin-Mediated Angioedema?
Authors: Debreczeni Márta L. , Németh Zsuzsanna , Kajdácsi Erika , Farkas Henriette , Cervenak László 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn the last few decades, a substantial body of evidence underlined the pivotal role of bradykinin in certain types of angioedema. The formation and breakdown of bradykinin has been studied thoroughly; however, numerous questions remained open regarding the triggering, course, and termination of angioedema attacks. Recently, it became clear that vascular endothelial cells have an integrative role in the regulation of vessel permeability. Apart from bradykinin, a great number of factors of different origin, structure, and mechanism of action are capable of modifying the integrity of vascular endothelium, and thus, may participate in the regulation of angioedema formation. Our aim in this review is to describe the most important permeability factors and the molecular mechanisms how they act on endothelial cells. Based on endothelial cell function, we also attempt to explain some of the challenging findings regarding bradykinin-mediated angioedema, where the function of bradykinin itself cannot account for the pathophysiology. By deciphering the complex scenario of vascular permeability regulation and edema formation, we may gain better scientific tools to be able to predict and treat not only bradykinin-mediated but other types of angioedema as well.
We Need to Improve Prenatal Screening Practices in Primary Obstetric Care: A Representative Data from a Fetal Medicine Unit in Coastal Karnataka
Authors: Poojari Vidyashree Ganesh , Paladugu Sanghamitra , Vasudeva Akhila , Mundkur Anjali , Pai Muralidhar V. , Kumar Pratap 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
The present observational data from the fetal medicine unit aim to identify gaps in prenatal screening modalities employed in the primary obstetric care population in coastal Karnataka.

Methods
A retrospective observational study of all referrals to Fetal Medicine unit is over 2 years. For each fetal abnormality, we reviewed the literature to note the range of gestational age at which the abnormality should almost always be diagnosed. Taking this as standard, the gestational age at which each of these problems was diagnosed and referred was noted down. They were compared and analysed to understand the efficiency of prenatal screening practices in the referral population. The final perinatal outcome was also noted down in order to assess the impact on perinatal mortality/morbidity.

Results
A total of 277 cases were referred to fetal medicine unit. Two hundred twenty-eight cases (82.31%) were low risk pregnancies. Among 277 cases, 200 (72.2%) had structural abnormalities, 7 (2.5%) chromosomal/ genetic abnormalities, 61 (22.02%) isolated soft markers, and 9 (3.2%) twin-related problems. Detection rate of structural abnormalities was 33% at 14 weeks and 52.22% at 20 weeks, considering those anomalies usually diagnosed by these gestational age windows. The primary reason for delayed diagnosis was non-performance of ultrasound “on time”, rather than missed diagnosis. Fifty-three per cent (106 out of 200) of all the fetal structural abnormalities were diagnosed beyond 20 weeks. Average gestational age at mid-trimester anomaly scan in this group was between 20 and 24 weeks. Sixty-one patients were referred due to isolated soft markers, 30 beyond 20 weeks. Eighty per cent of them did not have any aneuploidy screening in pregnancy.

Conclusion
Practice of fetal medicine hugely depends upon appropriate prenatal screening practices in the referral population. There is an urgent need to bring in standard protocols for Prenatal Screening across all the primary obstetric care providers, both in the public and private sectors. Considering the huge burden of delayed prenatal diagnosis in our country, the proposed revision of MTP bill is a welcome change in fast-growing field of fetal diagnosis and therapy.
Realization of a fractional-order RLC circuit via constant phase element
Authors: Caponetto Riccardo , Graziani Salvatore , Murgano Emanuele 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn the paper, a fractional-order RLC circuit is presented. The circuit is realized by using a fractional-order capacitor. This is realized by using carbon black dispersed in a polymeric matrix. Simulation results are compared with the experimental data, confirming the suitability of applying this new device in the circuital implementation of fractional-order systems.
A Keynesian reformulation of the WS-PS model: Keynesian unemployment and Classical unemployment
Authors: Piluso Nicolas , Colletis Gabriel 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe orthodox theory of wage negotiations considers that the trade union monopoly causes a rigidity of real wages which is, itself, the cause of unemployment. The model of this negotiation ("Nash bargaining") only considers situations where negotiations between union and firm succeed. In this article, we attempt to read the WS-PS model from a Keynesian point of view. Our model reflects the fact that successful negotiation is only one case among other situations, including failure where the union expresses a claim that is not necessarily satisfied. Although, in situations close to full employment, there is a bargaining mechanism by which unions and firms reach an agreement, this is not the case in times of massive unemployment. In the latter situation, employment is unilaterally determined by firms, on the basis of previous demand.
Zinc phosphate protects tomato plants against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato
Authors: Quaglia Mara , Bocchini Marika , Orfei Benedetta , D’Amato Roberto , Famiani Franco , Moretti Chiaraluce , Buonaurio Roberto 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine whether zinc phosphate treatments of tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.) can attenuate bacterial speck disease severity through reduction of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) growth in planta and induce morphological and biochemical plant defence responses. Tomato plants were treated with 10 ppm (25.90 µM) zinc phosphate and then spray inoculated with strain DAPP-PG 215, race 0 of Pst. Disease symptoms were recorded as chlorosis and/or necrosis per leaf (%) and as numbers of necrotic spots. Soil treatments with zinc phosphate protected susceptible tomato plants against Pst, with reductions in both disease severity and pathogen growth in planta. The reduction of Pst growth in planta combined with significantly higher zinc levels in zinc-phosphate-treated plants indicated direct antimicrobial toxicity of this microelement, as also confirmed by in vitro assays. Morphological (i.e. callose apposition) and biochemical (i.e., expression of salicylic-acid-dependent pathogenesis-related protein PR1b1 gene) defence responses were induced by the zinc phosphate treatment, as demonstrated by histochemical and qPCR analyses, respectively. In conclusion, soil treatments with zinc phosphate can protect tomato plants against Pst attacks through direct antimicrobial activity and induction of morphological and biochemical plant defence responses.
Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS): a meta-analysis and systematic review
Authors: Gadiya Akshay D. , Koch Jonathan E. J. , Patel Mohammed Shakil , Shafafy Masood , Grevitt Michael P. , Quraishi Nasir A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractStudy designA systematic review reporting on the efficacy of an ERAS protocol in patients undergoing spinal fusion for AIS.ObjectiveTo systematically evaluate the relevant literature pertaining to the efficacy of ERAS protocols with respect to the length of stay, complication, and readmission rates in patients undergoing posterior spinal corrective surgery for AIS.Summary of background dataERAS is a multidisciplinary approach aimed at improving outcomes of surgery by a specific evidence-based protocol. The rationale of this rapid recovery regimen is to maintain homeostasis so as to reduce the postoperative stress response and pain. No thorough review of available information for its use in AIS has been published.MethodsA systematic review of the English language literature was undertaken using search criteria (postoperative recovery AND adolescent idiopathic scoliosis) using the PRISMA guidelines (Jan 1999-May 2020). Isolated case reports and case series with < 5 patients were excluded. Length of stay (LOS), complication and readmission rates were used as outcome measures. Statistical analysis was done using the random effects model.ResultsOf a total of 24 articles, 10 studies met the inclusion criteria (9 were Level III and 1 of level IV evidence) and were analyzed. Overall, 1040 patients underwent an ERAS-type protocol following posterior correction of scoliosis and were compared to 959 patients following traditional protocols. There was a significant reduction in the length of stay in patients undergoing ERAS when compared to traditional protocols (p < 0.00001). There was no significant difference in the complication (p = 0.19) or readmission rates (p = 0.30). Each protocol employed a multidisciplinary approach focusing on optimal pain management, nursing care, and physiotherapy.ConclusionThis systematic review demonstrates advantages with ERAS protocols by significantly reducing the length of stay without increasing the complications or readmission rates as compared to conventional protocols. However, current literature on ERAS in AIS is restricted largely to retrospective studies with non-randomized data, and initial cohort studies lacking formal control groups.Level of evidence3.
The prevalence of proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) and proximal junctional failure (PJF) in patients undergoing circumferential minimally invasive surgical (cMIS) correction for adult spinal deformity: long-term 2- to 13-year follow-up
Authors: Anand Neel , Agrawal Aniruddh , Ravinsky Robert , Khanderhoo Babak , Kahwaty Sheila , Chung Andrew 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objectives
This aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of PJK and PJF in patients who underwent circumferential minimally invasive surgery (cMIS) for ASD.

Methods
A prospective database of patients who underwent cMIS correction of ASD from November 2006 to July 2018 was queried. PJK was defined as angle > 10° and at least 10° greater than the baseline when measuring UIV to UIV + 2. PJF was defined as any type of symptomatic PJK which required surgery. Pre-op, latest and delta SVA and PI-LL mismatch were compared between patients with PJK and without. Only patients instrumented at 4 or more levels with full length 36″ films and a minimum 2-year follow-up were included.

Results
A total of 184 patients met inclusion criteria for this study. Mean follow-up time was 85.2 months (24–158.9 months, SD 39.1). Mean age was 66 years (22–85 years). The mean number of operated levels was 6.9 levels (4–16 levels, SD 2.8). A total of 21 patients (10.8%) met PJK criteria. Only 10 (4.9%) were symptomatic (PJF) and underwent revision surgery. The other 11 patients remained asymptomatic. Comparing PJK to non-PJK patients, there was no statistically significant difference in the post-op SVA, delta SVA, post-op PI/LL and delta PI/LL between the two groups.

Conclusion
Our study would suggest that in the appropriately selected and well-optimized patient, CMIS deformity correction is associated with a low prevalence of PJK and PJF.
Race and in-hospital mortality after spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage in the Stroke Belt: Secondary analysis of a case–control study
Authors: Hilton Logan D. , Lyerly Michael J. , Gropen Toby I. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background and Purpose:
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) accounts for around 10% of stroke, but carries 50% of stroke mortality. ICH characteristics and prognostic factors specific to the Stroke Belt are not well defined by race.

Methods:
Records of patients admitted to the University of Alabama Hospital with ICH from 2017 to 2019 were reviewed. We examined the association of demographics; clinical and radiographic features including stroke severity, hematoma volume, and ICH score; and transfer status with in-hospital mortality and discharge functional status for a biracial population including Black and White patients. Independent predictors of in-hospital mortality and functional outcome were examined using logistic regression.

Results:
Among the 275 ICH cases included in this biracial analysis, Black patients (n = 114) compared to White patients (n = 161) were younger (60.6 vs. 71.4 years, P < 0.0001), more often urban (81% vs. 64%, P < 0.01), more likely to have a history of hypertension (87% vs. 71%, P < 0.01), less often transferred (44% vs. 74%, P < 0.01), and had smaller median initial hematoma volumes (9.1 vs. 12.6 mL, P = 0.041). On multivariable analysis, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) for White patients (OR 13.0, P < 0.0001), hyperlipidemia for Black patients (OR 13.9, P = 0.019), and ICH volume for either race (Black patients: OR 1.05, P = 0.03 and White patients: OR 1.04, P < 0.01) were independent predictors of in-hospital mortality.

Conclusions:
Hypertension is more prevalent among Black ICH patients in the Stroke Belt. The addition of hyperlipidemia to the ICH score model improved the prediction of mortality for Black ICH patients. No differences in in-hospital mortality or poor functional outcome were observed by race.
Wolves in Sheep's Clothing: Assessing the Effect of Gender Norms on the Lethality of Female Suicide Terrorism
Authors: Thomas Jakana L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAlthough a substantial body of research argues that women provide terrorist organizations with important tactical benefits, few studies draw out the implications of this argument or examine whether female recruits affect the outcomes of terrorist operations. Using data on individual suicide attacks from 1985 to 2015, I show that an attacker's gender influences the lethality of an attack. However, this effect is conditional upon the gender norms of the state in which the attack occurs. The results demonstrate that a female advantage is more apparent only in societies where a woman's role in public life is limited; attacks by female suicide attackers are more deadly in countries where women are largely absent from the workforce, civil society, and protest organizations. I also assess whether counterterrorists eventually adapt to the use of female suicide terrorists. The results demonstrate that female attack lethality is declining with time, suggesting that security forces eventually adapt to women's participation in terrorism. These findings are consequential because they highlight the effect of persistent gender biases on counterterrorism efforts.