bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation-and-regression analysis of the influence of macroeconomic factors on capital structure of Russian corporations under crisis conditions
Authors: Metel’skaya Valeriya Valer’evna 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe study reveals the influence of macroeconomic factors on decisions about the optimal capital structure formation under financial globalization, in view of ever-changing factors of the external economic and geopolitical environment. The study is aimed at empirical testing of hypotheses on how the level of financial leverage of corporations depends on traditional determinants during and after the financial crisis under the emerging market conditions in Russia. The study deals with a large data set of 49 public joint stock companies from 7 leading Russian economic sectors for the period from 2011 to 2017. According to the correlation-and-regression analysis results (1) the use of traditional theories of capital structure under the conditions of current financial globalization in a country with a developing economy proves to be ineffective for the optimal capital structure formation (2) the corporate capital structure formation is strongly influenced by macroeconomic factors, which is most evidently manifested during and after the crisis (3) the financial crisis exerts a strong influence on the corporate capital structure (4) the determinant of stock market development has a significant influence on leverage and plays a prominent role in making financial decisions after the financial crisis.
Testing the discrepancy between actual and ideal body image with the Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP)
Authors: Hernández-López Mónica , Quiñones-Jiménez Lourdes , Blanco-Romero Alberto L. , Rodríguez-Valverde Miguel 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
The discrepancy between actual and ideal body image is considered an index of body dissatisfaction and a risk factor for eating disorders. While discrepancy has been traditionally tested with figural drawing rating scales, in recent times the use of implicit measures has been explored.

Methods
This study employs the Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP) to examine actual-ideal body-size discrepancy in a sample of 130 Spanish college students, as well as its utility to predict symptoms of eating disorders and other body-image relevant measures. Participants completed the Contour Drawing Rating Scale (CDRS). The three smallest and the three largest contour drawings of the CDRS were used as target stimuli in two different IRAP tasks: one in combination with the sample phrases “I am” and “I am not” (that assessed implicit actual body image), another in combination with the phrases “I want to be” and “I don’t want to be” (that assessed implicit ideal body image). After completing both IRAP tasks, participants completed explicit measures of body-image psychological inflexibility, body dissatisfaction, and symptoms of eating disorders.

Results
Results showed a small implicit bias towards thinness. Participants were faster in affirming than denying that they are thin and that they desire to be thin. They were also faster in affirming than denying that they are fat and that they want to be fat, but to a smaller extent than with thinness. Specifically, the implicit desire to be (or not be) fat emerged as an independent predictor of eating disorder symptoms, psychological inflexibility, and body dissatisfaction that significantly increased the predictive power of CDRS scores.

Conclusions
These findings underscore the need for further research on specific body image implicit beliefs towards fatness, both in subclinical and clinical populations, in order to examine whether willingness to accept the idea that one can have a larger body size can be a suitable target for prevention and intervention in eating disorders.
Organ-on-a-chip technology for nanoparticle research
Authors: Kang Shawn , Park Sunghee Estelle , Huh Dan Dongeun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe last two decades have witnessed explosive growth in the field of nanoengineering and nanomedicine. In particular, engineered nanoparticles have garnered great attention due to their potential to enable new capabilities such as controlled and targeted drug delivery for treatment of various diseases. With rapid progress in nanoparticle research, increasing efforts are being made to develop new technologies for in vitro modeling and analysis of the efficacy and safety of nanotherapeutics in human physiological systems. Organ-on-a-chip technology represents the most recent advance in this effort that provides a promising approach to address the limitations of conventional preclinical models. In this paper, we present a concise review of recent studies demonstrating how this emerging technology can be applied to in vitro studies of nanoparticles. The specific focus of this review is to examine the use of organ-on-a-chip models for toxicity and efficacy assessment of nanoparticles used in therapeutic applications. We also discuss challenges and future opportunities for implementing organ-on-a-chip technology for nanoparticle research.
Exploration of silicon functions to integrate with biotic stress tolerance and crop improvement
Authors: Song Xiu-Peng , Verma Krishan K. , Tian Dan-Dan , Zhang Xiao-Qiu , Liang Yong-Jian , Huang Xing , Li Chang-Ning , Li Yang-Rui 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn the era of climate change, due to increased incidences of a wide range of various environmental stresses, especially biotic and abiotic stresses around the globe, the performance of plants can be affected by these stresses. After oxygen, silicon (Si) is the second most abundant element in the earth’s crust. It is not considered as an important element, but can be thought of as a multi-beneficial quasi-essential element for plants. This review on silicon presents an overview of the versatile role of this element in a variety of plants. Plants absorb silicon through roots from the rhizospheric soil in the form of silicic or monosilicic acid. Silicon plays a key metabolic function in living organisms due to its relative abundance in the atmosphere. Plants with higher content of silicon in shoot or root are very few prone to attack by pests, and exhibit increased stress resistance. However, the more remarkable impact of silicon is the decrease in the number of seed intensities/soil-borne and foliar diseases of major plant varieties that are infected by biotrophic, hemi-biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens. The amelioration in disease symptoms are due to the effect of silicon on a some factors involved in providing host resistance namely, duration of incubation, size, shape and number of lesions. The formation of a mechanical barrier beneath the cuticle and in the cell walls by the polymerization of silicon was first proposed as to how this element decreases plant disease severity. The current understanding of how this element enhances resistance in plants subjected to biotic stress, the exact functions and mechanisms by which it modulates plant biology by potentiating the host defence mechanism needs to be studied using genomics, metabolomics and proteomics. The role of silicon in helping the plants in adaption to biotic stress has been discussed which will help to plan in a systematic way the development of more sustainable agriculture for food security and safety in the future.
Thymoma-associated myasthenia gravis coexisting with myotonic dystrophy: a case report
Authors: Miyawaki Michiyo , Jikumaru Mika , Kamada Kosuke , Daiki Noda , Abe Miyuki , Anami Kentaro , Takeuchi Hideya , Osoegawa Atsushi , Iwao Sintaro , Matsubara Etsuro , Sugio Kenji 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Myotonic dystrophy (dystrophia myotonica [DM]) is an autosomal-dominant inheritance, and myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease characterized by weakness of skeletal muscles. Cases of both DM and MG are extremely rare and distinguishing DM and MG symptoms is challenging.

Case presentation
We herein report a 49-year-old woman presenting with subacute dyspnea and muscle weakness. She had previously been diagnosed with DM 24 years earlier. Computed tomography (CT) revealed an anterior mediastinal 32-mm solid mass that was suspected of being thymoma. The clinical features and neurological examination findings confirmed the diagnosis of thymoma-associated MG coexisting with DM. Intensive treatment for MG, including surgery, resulted in an improvement in some of her neurological symptoms.

Conclusions
The symptoms of DM usually progress slowly, so the sudden exacerbation of symptoms indicates the involvement of other factors. It is important to be aware of these associations, as an early diagnosis with proper treatment will result in a better outcome.
Association of pigmentation related-genes polymorphisms and geographic environmental variables in the Chinese population
Authors: Wang Yuxin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Human skin color is highly heritable and one of the most variable phenotypic traits. However, the genetic causes and environmental selective pressures underlying this phenotypic variation have remained largely unknown. To investigate whether the pigmentation related-genes polymorphisms are associated with the geographic environmental variables. We selected randomly 795 healthy individuals from eight ethnic groups in nine provinces in China. Six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of SLC45A2 and TYR were genotyped using Agena MassARRAY. The Chi-square test and Spearman correlation analysis were used to compare the frequency distribution of genotypes among different ethnic groups and evaluate the relationship between SNP genetic diversity and environmental variables, respectively.

Results
The results indicated that rs28777 and rs183671 (SLC45A2) and rs1042602 (TYR) genotype frequency distributions were significantly different between the Xinjiang-Uighur and other ethnic groups (P < 0.05). Spearman correlation analysis found that rs28777-A (r = − 0.090, P = 0.011), rs183671-G (r = − 0.105, P = 0.003), rs1042602-A (r = − 0.108, P = 0.002), rs1126809-A (r = − 0.151, P < 0.001) allele frequencies were negatively correlated with the longitude; rs183671-G (r = 0.151), rs1042602-A (r = 0.157) and rs1126809-A (r = 0.138) allele frequencies were positively associated with the latitude (P < 0.001); rs183671-G (r = 0.116, P = 0.001), rs1042602-A (r = 0.105, P = 0.003) and rs1126809-A (r = 0.070, P = 0.048) allele frequencies were positively correlated with the sunshine hours; rs183671-G (r = − 0.076, P = 0.033), rs1042602-A (r = − 0.079, P = 0.027) and rs1126809-A (r = − 0.076, P = 0.031) were negatively correlated with the annual average temperature.

Conclusions
Our results confirmed the idea that environmental factors have been an important selective pressure upon pigmentation related gene polymorphisms.
Concurrent chromatographic determination of pseudoephedrine and loratadine from combination syrups and tablets
Authors: Abu Reid Imad Osman 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Chromatographic separation of polar and nonpolar compounds when presented in combined dosage forms has always been considered as great analytical challenge. Separation and retention of both polar and nonpolar compounds by the same stationary phase can be a useful approach for analyses of complex samples with such a difference in chemical properties. Loratadine (nonpolar) and pseudoephedrine (polar) are typical examples of this situation.

Results
The Box–Behnken design was used to optimize the separation process, an efficient separation of loratadine and pseudoephedrine was achieved within 6 min; employing a mixture of 16.0 mM ammonium acetate buffer (pH 4.5) and acetonitrile (23:77, v/v) as isocratic mobile phase, pumped at 1.0 mL/min through a Zorbax cyanopropyl column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm), the analytes were detected at 250 nm. Under the same conditions, separation of sodium benzoate preservative co-formulated with the two analytes in syrup formulation was also achieved. The calibration curve demonstrated excellent linearity in the range of 24.6–123.2 μg/mL and 594.8–2974.0 μg/mL for loratadine and pseudoephedrine, respectively with determination coefficient (r2) > 0.999.

Conclusion
The method’s accuracy bias < 2.0%, repeatability and intermediate precision (%RSD < 2.0%) were verified. In addition, system suitability parameters were found within the acceptable limits. Satisfactory results were obtained upon the application of the validated method to the analysis of commercial tablet and syrup formulations.
Mucocele of a giant inferior turbinate concha bullosa mimics a nasal mass: case report
Authors: Ebeid Kamal , Askar Mohamed H. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
The concha bullosa is a pneumatized nasal turbinate commonly middle turbinate but that of the inferior turbinate is an uncommon entity. A giant inferior conchal pneumatization with mucocele formation is not reported in the literature till now.

Case presentation
A 17-year-old female patient presented with bilateral severe nasal obstruction. Anterior rhinoscopy and endoscopic examination revealed a giant mass which filled the left nasal cavity completely, pushing the septum to the contralateral side. The paranasal sinus CT showed a mass in the left nasal cavity ballooning the whole nasal cavity with compression of the nasal septum to the right side. MRI was done and the lesion was hyperintense in T2 MRI sequences and hypointense in T1 sequences consistent with a cystic lesion. The patient was consented and prepared for endoscopic resection under general anesthesia. The lesion was completely separated from the nasal septum and the orbit but attached to the lateral nasal wall at the site of origin of the inferior turbinate. Conchoplasty was done and patient follow-up for 9 years is excellent with complete disappearance of all patient symptoms.

Conclusions
Concha bullosa of the inferior turbinate should be considered in the differential diagnosis of nasal tumors, nasal cystic lesions, and preoperative evaluation of endoscopic sinus surgery. Also, a systematic approach for dealing with nasal lesions with thorough examination and radiological review will be of great value in decision-making. The anatomy of the paranasal should be thoroughly examined prior to endoscopic sinus surgery to develop treatment strategies and to prevent possible complications.
11C-methyl-L-methionine PET measuring parameters for the diagnosis of tumour progression against radiation-induced changes in brain metastases
Authors: Govaerts Chris W. , van Dijken Bart RJ. , Stormezand Gilles N. , van der Weide Hiske L. , Wagemakers Michiel , Enting Roelien H. , van der Hoorn Anouk 
Published: July 2021

Objectives:
Radiation-induced changes (RIC) secondary to focal radiotherapy can imitate tumour progression in brain metastases and make follow-up clinical decision making unreliable. 11C-methyl-L-methionine-PET (MET-PET) is widely used for the diagnosis of RIC in brain metastases, but minimal literature exists regarding the optimum PET measuring parameter to be used. We analysed the diagnostic performance of different MET-PET measuring parameters in distinguishing between RIC and tumour progression in a retrospective cohort of brain metastasis patients.

Methods:
26 patients with 31 metastatic lesions were included on the basis of having undergone a PET scan due to radiological uncertainty of disease progression. The PET images were analysed and methionine uptake quantified using standardised-uptake-values (SUV) and tumour-to-normal tissue (T/N) ratios, generated as SUVmean, SUVmax, SUVpeak, T/Nmean, T/Nmax-mean and T/Npeak-mean. Metabolic-tumour-volume and total-lesion methionine metabolism were also computed. A definitive diagnosis of either RIC or tumour progression was established by clinicoradiological follow-up of least 4 months subsequent to the investigative PET scan.

Results:
All MET-PET parameters except metabolic-tumour-volume showed statistically significant differences between tumour progression and lesions with RIC. Receiver-operating-characteristic curve and area-under the-curve analysis demonstrated the highest value of 0.834 for SUVmax with a corresponding optimum threshold of 3.29. This associated with sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive and negative predictive values of 70.59%, 78.57%, 80.00% and 68.75% respectively.

Conclusions
MET-PET is a useful modality for the diagnosis of RIC in brain metastases. SUVmax was the PET parameter with the greatest diagnostic performance.

Advances in knowledge:
More robust comparisons between SUVmax and SUVpeak could enhance follow-up treatment planning.
Functional outcomes, complications and revision rate of hip arthroplasty in patients with sequelae of slipped capital femoral epiphysis: a systematic review
Authors: Sarraf Khaled M. , Popat Ravi , Kneale Kathryn L. , Bhattacharya Rajarshi , Ramachandran Manoj , Achan Pramod , Hanna Sammy A. 
Published: July 2021

Background: Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) results in alterations to femoral head anatomy, predisposing patients to degenerative hip disease at a young age. Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is performed to relieve symptoms and improve function. However, it can be associated with a variable outcomes and little evidence exists on the functional outcomes, complications and revision rate following such procedures. Purpose: The aim of this systematic review is to determine the safety and effectiveness of performing hip arthroplasty in patients with degenerative hips secondary to SCFE. Methodology: A systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A literature review was conducted of MEDLINE and Embase. Both single-arm and comparative studies were included. The outcomes of interest were functional scores, post-operative complications and revision rate. Results: Six studies fit the inclusion criteria. Of these, five were retrospective single-arm studies and one was a retrospective comparative study based on registry data. All studies reported significant improvement in hip function and quality of life after THA. An overall revision rate of 11.9% was reported, occurring at a mean of 6.5 years (0.75–18.7 years). THA in patients after SCFE leads to improved functional outcomes that are comparable to patients receiving THA for osteoarthritis. The revision rate appears to be higher than is reported in patients undergoing THA for osteoarthritis at mid-term follow-up. Further prospective comparative studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of the treatment in more detail. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:539-544. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.200038
The knee in congenital femoral deficiency and its implication in limb lengthening: a systematic review
Authors: Leite Chilan Bou Ghosson , Grangeiro Patricia Moreno , Munhoz Diego Ubrig , Giglio Pedro Nogueira , Camanho Gilberto Luis , Gobbi Riccardo Gomes 
Published: July 2021

Congenital femoral deficiency (CFD) is a rare disorder with several limb anomalies including limb shortening and knee cruciate ligament dysplasia. Limb lengthening is usually performed to correct lower limb discrepancy. However, complications, such as knee subluxation/dislocation, can occur during this treatment. Here, we explore CFD knee abnormalities and knee dislocation during limb elongation, discussing when and whether knee ligament reconstruction prior to the lengthening would be necessary to reduce the risk of knee dislocation. There is not enough support in the literature for the routine reconstruction of cruciate ligaments in CFD patients. Of note, in cases of severe anteroposterior or posterolateral rotatory instability, cruciate ligament reconstruction might be considered to decrease the risk of knee subluxation/dislocation during the lengthening treatment.Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:565-571. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.200075
Real-time displacement reconstruction by an orthogonal Fabry–Perot interferometer
Authors: Liang Hongwei , Liu Shiwei , Chen Sihan , Huang Zhen , Jiang Chunlei , Chen Peng , Kan Lingling 
Published: July 2021

A real-time reconstruction of the displacement method based on an orthogonal Fabry–Perot interferometer is presented. Two orthogonal polarization signals with a phase shift of

π

/

2

are obtained using a He–Ne laser with internal-mirror multilayer coatings. The displacement of the vibration target is reconstructed in real time using the arctangent and unwrapping algorithm for two quadrature signals. Meanwhile, two quadrature signals are used to discriminate the direction of motion. The experimental results under different peak-to-peak amplitudes and frequencies show that the reconstruction errors are less than 58 nm.
A simple and robust method for automating analysis of naïve and regenerating peripheral nerves
Authors: Wong Alison L. , Hricz Nicholas , Malapati Harsha , von Guionneau Nicholas , Wong Michael , Harris Thomas , Boudreau Mathieu , Cohen-Adad Julien , Tuffaha Sami 
Published: July 2021

Background
Manual axon histomorphometry (AH) is time- and resource-intensive, which has inspired many attempts at automation. However, there has been little investigation on implementation of automated programs for widespread use. Ideally such a program should be able to perform AH across imaging modalities and nerve states. AxonDeepSeg (ADS) is an open source deep learning program that has previously been validated in electron microscopy. We evaluated the robustness of ADS for peripheral nerve axonal histomorphometry in light micrographs prepared using two different methods.

Methods
Axon histomorphometry using ADS and manual analysis (gold-standard) was performed on light micrographs of naïve or regenerating rat median nerve cross-sections prepared with either toluidine-resin or osmium-paraffin embedding protocols. The parameters of interest included axon count, axon diameter, myelin thickness, and g-ratio.

Results
Manual and automatic ADS axon counts demonstrated good agreement in naïve nerves and moderate agreement on regenerating nerves. There were small but consistent differences in measured axon diameter, myelin thickness and g-ratio; however, absolute differences were small. Both methods appropriately identified differences between naïve and regenerating nerves. ADS was faster than manual axon analysis.

Conclusions
Without any algorithm retraining, ADS was able to appropriately identify critical differences between naïve and regenerating nerves and work with different sample preparation methods of peripheral nerve light micrographs. While there were differences between absolute values between manual and ADS, ADS performed consistently and required much less time. ADS is an accessible and robust tool for AH that can provide consistent analysis across protocols and nerve states.