bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome‐wide analysis of natural and restored eastern oyster populations reveals local adaptation and positive impacts of planting frequency and broodstock number
Authors: Hornick Katherine M. , Plough Louis V. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe release of captive‐bred plants and animals has increased worldwide to augment declining species. However, insufficient attention has been given to understanding how neutral and adaptive genetic variation are partitioned within and among proximal natural populations, and the patterns and drivers of gene flow over small spatial scales, which can be important for restoration success. A seascape genomics approach was used to investigate population structure, local adaptation, and the extent to which environmental gradients influence genetic variation among natural and restored populations of Chesapeake Bay eastern oysters Crassostrea virginica. We also investigated the impact of hatchery practices on neutral genetic diversity of restored reefs and quantified the broader genetic impacts of large‐scale hatchery‐based bivalve restoration. Restored reefs showed similar levels of diversity as natural reefs, and striking relationships were found between planting frequency and broodstock numbers and genetic diversity metrics (effective population size and relatedness), suggesting that hatchery practices can have a major impact on diversity. Despite long‐term restoration activities, haphazard historical translocations, and high dispersal potential of larvae that could homogenize allele frequencies among populations, moderate neutral population genetic structure was uncovered. Moreover, environmental factors, namely salinity, pH, and temperature, play a major role in the distribution of neutral and adaptive genetic variation. For marine invertebrates in heterogeneous seascapes, collecting broodstock from large populations experiencing similar environments to candidate sites may provide the most appropriate sources for restoration and ensure population resilience in the face of rapid environmental change. This is one of a few studies to demonstrate empirically that hatchery practices have a major impact on the retention of genetic diversity. Overall, these results contribute to the growing body of evidence for fine‐scale genetic structure and local adaptation in broadcast‐spawning marine species and provide novel information for the management of an important fisheries resource.
Use of computed tomography angiography for the evaluation of a cutaneous haemangioma in a Standardbred horse
Authors: Merchán A. , Beaulieu A. , Côté N. , zur Linden A. , Koenig J. , Brooks A. 
Published: November 2021

SummaryCutaneous haeangiomas are benign vascular neoplasms that arise from endothelial cells of blood vessels. Haemangiomas account for 0.6%–4% of all equine cutaneous neoplasms and the fetlock is the most commonly affected site. We describe the use of computed tomography angiography (CTA) for the evaluation of a cutaneous haemangioma located on the plantarolateral aspect of the left hindlimb fetlock of a 9‐month‐old Standardbred colt. Computed tomography angiography of the affected fetlock was performed under general anaesthesia. The medial plantar artery was catheterised and a total volume of 50 ml of iodinated non‐ionic contrast medium (Iopamidol, 300 mg I/ml, Bracco Imaging Canada) was injected at a rate of 2 ml/s. Following contrast medium administration, the dorsal metatarsal artery and branches including the lateral and medial digital arteries were well demarcated. Two smaller lateral and medial arteries were also identified, forming the vascular network of the metatarsophalangeal joint. At the level of the haemangioma, two tortuous arteries arising from the lateral digital artery were identified, in addition to multiple small branches from nearby cutaneous arteries. These vessels supplied the homogeneously strongly contrast‐enhancing cutaneous mass. The initial goal of the CTA study was to map the vascular anatomy for arterial embolisation in conjunction with pharmacological therapy. Considering the involvement of multiple small arterial branches, complete surgical excision along with ligation of the two main supplying arteries was alternatively elected, resulting in a successful long‐term outcome.
Developmental orthopaedic disease and early osteoarthritis of the temporomandibular joint in a 15‐month‐old Quarter Horse filly
Authors: Pimentel K. L. , Allen A. L. , Carmalt J. L. 
Published: November 2021

SummaryA 15‐month‐old Quarter Horse filly presented for evaluation of hard swellings over the left temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and the right metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ). The TMJ swelling had been noted since she was weaned at 4 months of age and had slowly enlarged since then. Radiographs of both TMJs and the right MTPJ were performed, which revealed severe osteoarthrosis associated with osteochondrosis‐like lesions. The filly was subjected to euthanasia due to the poor prognosis for performance. Computed tomography and post‐mortem examination, including histopathology of the left TMJ, revealed early osteoarthritis (OA) associated with osteochondrosis‐like lesions of the left TMJ and the right MTPJ, while the right hind proximal interphalangeal joint (PIPJ) was diagnosed with early OA.
Luteoma in two mares treated by ovariectomy
Authors: Combs E. , Beachler T. , Troy J. R. , Olds‐Sanchez A. , Howard J. M. , Fales‐Williams A. , Yaeger M. , Tatarniuk D. M. 
Published: November 2021

Summary
A 15‐year‐old Paint mare (Case 1) and a 15‐year‐old Arabian mare (Case 2) were presented for aggressive and undesired behaviour. Reproductive evaluation revealed, initially, an enlarged ovary with a smaller/normal sized contralateral ovary in each case. Granulosa cell tumour (GCT) panel testing revealed elevated inhibin B in both cases and elevated anti‐Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels only in Case 1 determined from currently established reference ranges. Based on a presumptive diagnosis of GCT, bilateral standing ovariectomy was elected for both mares. In each case neoplastic tissue consistent with luteoma was detected only on histological examination in the smaller/normal sized left ovary; the right ovary appearing normal. Long‐term follow‐up was performed 1 year and 5 years post‐operatively by telephone. The owners were satisfied with the outcome and each patient demonstrated resolution of aggressive stallion‐like behaviour. Each case returned to the owners' intended use. In conclusion, luteoma should be considered as a differential diagnosis for ovarian neoplasms in horses related to behavioural abnormalities, even in normal‐sized ovaries.
Playing a new game—An argument for a teacher‐focused field around games and play in language education
Authors: York James , Poole Frederick J. , deHaan Jonathan W. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we argue that current research on games in language education, predominantly framed as “digital game‐based language learning” (DGBLL), is lacking details regarding the role of teachers, or more precisely, the verbalization of the pedagogical underpinnings, scaffolds, and techniques teachers use to successfully integrate games and play in their teaching contexts. Thus, we propose a new direction of research that emphasizes the importance of teachers in game‐based language learning and argue for the necessity of an inclusive field of inquiry that is open to the diverse instantiations of games and play which exist outside the current scope of DGBLL. This new field places teachers and a deeper consideration of the connections between play and learning at the center of an approach to studying the intersection and implementation of games and language teaching. We present three “ludic language pedagogy” (LLP) studies which demonstrate what teaching with and around games looks like. Finally, we propose numerous avenues of further inquiry for teachers and researchers to advance the field of LLP.
Neighbourhood change, deprivation, and unemployment in Belfast
Authors: Lloyd Christopher D. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMuch effort has been expended on measuring deprivation in neighbourhoods across the UK and elsewhere. However, there has been only a relatively limited concern with deprivation histories of areas. This paper takes as its focus Belfast in Northern Ireland and it capitalises on rich data sources on deprivation generally and unemployment specifically. The study makes use of data on multiple time points – the Census from 1971 to 2011, multiple deprivation measures for 2005, 2010, and 2017, and benefits claimant count data for 2020. The paper explores the changing geography of deprivation and unemployment, identifying areas with persistently high deprivation and unemployment across time and across measures. It is argued that trajectories are important, particularly in terms of targeting resources. The final section of the analysis uses claimant count data to assess changing unemployment rates following the outbreak of the COVID‐19 pandemic and it shows that changes in these rates are strongly related to long‐term deprivation and unemployment patterns.
A comparison of three major instruments used for the assessment of university student experience: Toward a comprehensive and distributed approach
Authors: Zeng Lily Min , Fryer Luke K. , Zhao Yue 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHigher education's rapid expansion is paired with growing social expectations of its benefits and concern on its teaching quality. In response to these, institutional/national surveys based on an array of theories are widely used in universities for quality assurance, enhancement, and benchmarking. This paper reviews three major types of instruments used for such purposes, including two distinct schools of theory that have guided the development of such assessment in the United States, Australia and the United Kingdom and then spread to the other parts of the world. The theories shaping the development of the two instruments, the dimensions assessed, and the challenges and criticisms involved when using such instruments for quality assurance are each discussed. This review concludes with a call for comparisons of different lines of research in this area, discussions on student learning experience that include more diverse characterizations of student experience across different educational contexts, development of tools to enable distributed leadership among teachers, and encouragement of students as partners for quality enhancement in higher education.
Additive manufacturing of novel 3D ceramic electrodes for high‐power‐density batteries
Authors: Almansour Amjad S. , Gorven Alastair J. , Singh Mrityunjay 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe development of batteries with high‐specific power and energy densities will enable more efficient implementation of all‐electric aircraft and urban air mobility technologies. Additive manufacturing technologies can be leveraged to produce engineered three‐dimensional electrode structures with increased electrolyte/electrode interfacial area and high density, yielding increased power and energy densities. In this work, a novel engineered three‐dimensional interdigitated LiFePO4 cathode structure was designed and manufactured using direct‐write additive manufacturing technology, which allowed for the deposition of highly solid‐loaded inks with excellent dimensional accuracy. Ink rheology was adjusted to optimize material characteristics of the final electrodes, including the addition of carbon nanoparticles to increase the final electrode conductivity. Printed cathodes were then sintered and characterized. The sintered electrodes possessed greater structural stability and a surface area approximately 190% greater than similarly produced devices reported in the literature. Finally, the characterization of the manufactured electrodes showed uniform dispersion of conductive carbon nanopowder throughout the microstructure, which could increase the final conductivity of the electrodes.
The effect of diphenyliodonium iodide treatment on bisdemethoxycurcumin accumulation in fresh‐cut yam
Authors: Guo Shuang , Ma Yue , Liang Hao , Zhao Xiaoyan , Wang Dan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractYellowing is a main discoloration in fresh‐cut yam, which reduces consumer acceptance and, hence, the commodity value. Bisdemethoxycurcumin has been demonstrated to play important roles in fresh‐cut yam yellowing. Considering the pharmacological properties and application in fruits and vegetables of diphenyliodonium iodide (DPI), the effects and mechanism of DPI treatment on bisdemethoxycurcumin accumulation in fresh‐cut yam were analysed. The results showed that total bisdemethoxycurcumin in fresh‐cut yam treated with DPI was markedly inhibited due to the significantly weakened phenylpropanoid pathway and bisdemethoxycurcumin biosynthesis. DPI was found to suppress the activities of major enzymes (phenylalanine ammonia lyase, PAL, cinnamate‐4 hydroxylase, C4H; 4‐coumarate coenzyme A ligase, 4CL), limit the levels of PAL, C4H and 4CL transcription and lower the contents of related metabolites in fresh‐cut yam. Moreover, treatment with DPI inhibitor restrained the downstream transcription level of curcumin synthase (CURS), which had a significant impact on bisdemethoxycurcumin synthesis. Thus, our results confirmed that DPI was essential for inhibiting bisdemethoxycurcumin accumulation in fresh‐cut yam through suppressed phenylpropanoid pathway and bisdemethoxycurcumin biosynthesis.
Effect of heat and relative humidity treatment on γ‐aminobutyric acid accumulation, other micronutrients contents, antioxidant activities and physicochemical properties of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.)
Authors: Ma Yuling , Tong Litao , Wang Shanshan , Liu Tingyu , Wang Lili , Liu Liya , Zhou Xianrong , Zhou Sumei , Blecker Christophe 
Published: November 2021

SummaryA novel approach to heat and relative humidity (HRH, 65‐75 °C, 98% RH) treatment was used to enhance γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) of mung bean with a low moisture (12‐20%) within several hours (4‐6 h). Meanwhile, the changes in micronutrients, antioxidant activities and physicochemical properties were also evaluated. Results showed that the GABA content was significantly accumulated, increasing from 1.73 to 109.78 mg 100 g−1 dry weight (DW) under the conditions of 16.72% moisture, 68.97 °C, 98% RH for 5.34 h. Meanwhile, the amino acids, including aromatic (tyrosine and phenylalanine), sulphur‐containing (methionine and cystine) and branched‐chain amino acids (leucine, isoleucine and valine), were significantly increased (P < 0.05). Although HRH treatment decreased the total anthocyanin content of mung bean, the total phenolic, vitexin and isovitexin contents, and antioxidant activities were significantly increased (P < 0.05). Furthermore, HRH treatment caused the wrinkled structure of mung bean coat, increased the paste viscosity of mung bean flour and decreased the time of complete gelatinisation of starch in mung bean by one third during cooking. These results suggested that HRH treatment could effectively elevate the above functional components, especially GABA, improve the antioxidant activities, pasting and cooking properties of mung bean.
Development of type 1 diabetes in a patient treated with anti‐interleukin‐6 receptor antibody for rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Kawasaki Eiji , Fukuyama Takahiro , Uchida Aira , Sagara Yoko , Nakano Yuko , Tamai Hidekazu , Tojikubo Masayuki , Hiromatsu Yuji , Koga Nobuhiko 
Published: November 2021

AbstractInterleukin‐6 is a pleiotropic cytokine that plays a pathogenic role in type 1 diabetes. Therefore, anti‐interleukin‐6 receptor antibody, tocilizumab, used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, is considered a candidate for immune intervention in type 1 diabetes. Here, we report the case of a 73‐year‐old woman (HLA‐DR9‐DQ3 homozygote) with well‐controlled rheumatoid arthritis who developed type 1 diabetes while receiving tocilizumab treatment. At 57 years‐of‐age, the patient was diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis, for which she underwent tocilizumab therapy that enabled complete suppression of her joint inflammation. A total of 17 months after starting tocilizumab therapy, she noticed polydipsia, polyuria, general fatigue and weight reduction (−2 kg/month), and was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes with diabetic ketoacidosis based on an arterial pH of 7.26, serum ketone body of 7,437 μmol/L, blood glucose level of 925 mg/dL, glycated hemoglobin of 13.2% and the presence of anti‐islet autoantibodies. This case report shows valuable insight regarding the effect of anti‐interleukin‐6 receptor antibody therapy on type 1 diabetes prevention.
Usefulness of subclassification of adult diabetes mellitus among inpatients in Japan
Authors: Saito Kohei , Inoue Tatsuhide , Ariyasu Hiroyuki , Shimada Toshio , Itoh Hiroshi , Tanaka Issei , Terao Chikashi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAims/IntroductionWe aimed to replicate a new diabetes subclassification based on objective clinical information at admission in a diabetes educational inpatient program. We also assessed the educational outcomes for each cluster.MethodsWe included diabetes patients who participated in the educational inpatient program during 2009–2020 and had sufficient clinical information for the cluster analysis. We applied a data‐driven clustering method proposed in a previous study and further evaluated the clinical characteristics of each cluster. We investigated the association between the clusters and changes in hemoglobin A1c level from the start of the education program. We also assessed the risk of re‐admission for the educational program.ResultsWe divided a total of 651 patients into five clusters. Their clinical characteristics followed the same pattern as in previous studies. The intercluster ranking of the cluster center coordinates showed strong correlation coefficients with those of the previous studies (mean ρ = 0.88). Patients classified as severe insulin‐resistant diabetes (cluster 3) showed a more pronounced progression of renal dysfunction than patients classified as the other clusters. The patients classified as severe insulin‐deficient diabetes (cluster 2) had the highest rate of reduction in hemoglobin A1c level from the start of the program (P < 0.01) and a tendency toward a lower risk of re‐admission for the education program (hazard ratio 0.47, P = 0.09).ConclusionWe successfully replicated the diabetes subclassification using objective clinical information at admission for the education program. In addition, we showed that severe insulin‐deficient diabetes patients tended to have better educational outcomes than patients classified as the other clusters.
Atopic dermatitis: disease characteristics and comorbidities in smoking and non‐smoking patients from the TREATgermany registry
Authors: Pilz A.C. , Schielein M.C. , Schuster B. , Heinrich L. , Haufe E. , Abraham S. , Heratizadeh A. , Harder I. , Kleinheinz A. , Wollenberg A. , Wiemers F. , Weisshaar E. , Augustin M. , von Kiedrowski R. , Pawlak M. , Schäkel K. , Wildberger J. , Hilgers M. , Werfel T. , Weidinger S. , Schmitt J. , Biedermann T. , Zink A. ,   and the TREATgermany Study Group
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with a multifactorial genesis including genetic predispositions and environmental risk and trigger factors. One of the latter possibly is smoking, indicated by an increased prevalence of AD in adults and children that are actively or passively exposed to cigarette smoke.ObjectivesIn this study, AD characteristics and its atopic comorbidities are compared in smoking and non‐smoking AD patients.MethodsTREATgermany is a non‐interventional clinical registry which includes patients with moderate to severe AD in Germany. Baseline data of patients included in TREATgermany from inception in June 2016 to April 2020 in 39 sites across Germany was analysed comparing AD disease characteristics and comorbidities in smokers vs. non‐smokers.ResultsOf 921 patients, 908 (male: 58.7%) with a mean age of 41.9 ± 14.4 reported their smoking status. The objective Scoring of Atopic Dermatitis (oSCORAD) did not differ between smokers (n = 352; 38.8%) and non‐smokers, however, lesions’ intensity of oozing/crusts and excoriations as well as patient global assessment scores (PGA) of AD severity were higher in smoking as opposed to non‐smoking patients. Smokers reported a lower number of weeks with well‐controlled AD and more severe pruritus than non‐smokers. Total IgE levels were more elevated in smokers and they displayed a younger age at the initial diagnosis of bronchial asthma. After adjustment for potential confounders, the increased intensity of oozing/crusts, the reduced number of weeks with well‐controlled AD and the greater pruritus remained different in smokers compared to non‐smokers. In addition, smoking patients with adult‐onset AD showed a 2.5 times higher chance of involvement of the feet.ConclusionsGerman registry data indicate that AD patients who smoke have a higher disease burden with a different distribution pattern of lesions in adult‐onset AD.
Impact of oral abrocitinib on signs, symptoms and quality of life among adolescents with moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis: an analysis of patient‐reported outcomes
Authors: Cork M.J. , McMichael A. , Teng J. , Valdez H. , Rojo R. , Chan G. , Zhang F. , Myers D.E. , DiBonaventura M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundA significant improvement in clinical signs was demonstrated with abrocitinib relative to placebo in adolescents with moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis (AD) in three phase 3, randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled studies (JADE TEEN [ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03796676], JADE MONO‐1 [NCT03349060] and JADE MONO‐2 [NCT03575871]).ObjectivesTo evaluate the impact of abrocitinib on patient‐reported signs/symptoms, including sleep loss and quality of life among adolescents with moderate‐to‐severe AD.MethodsJADE TEEN, JADE MONO‐1 and JADE MONO‐2 were conducted in the Asia‐Pacific region, Europe and North America and included patients aged 12–17 years with moderate‐to‐severe AD and inadequate response to ≥ 4 consecutive weeks of topical medication or treatment with systemic therapy for AD. Patients were randomly assigned (1 : 1 : 1, JADE TEEN; 2 : 2 : 1, JADE MONO‐1/‐2) to receive once‐daily oral abrocitinib (200 or 100 mg) or placebo for 12 weeks in combination with topical therapy (JADE TEEN) or as monotherapy (JADE MONO‐1/‐2). Data from adolescent patients in JADE MONO‐1/‐2 were pooled for these analyses.ResultsAt week 12, more adolescents treated with abrocitinib (200 or 100 mg) vs. placebo achieved a ≥ 4‐point improvement from baseline in the Patient‐Oriented Eczema Measure in JADE TEEN (83.9% and 77.0% vs. 60.2%) and JADE MONO‐1/‐2 (83.0% and 69.4% vs. 43.5%) and a ≥ 6‐point improvement from baseline in the Children’s Dermatology Life Quality Index in JADE TEEN (73.8% and 67.5% vs. 56.5%) and JADE MONO‐1/‐2 (70.0% and 57.1% vs. 19.0%). Significant improvements in SCORing Atopic Dermatitis Visual Analog Scale for sleep loss scores were demonstrated with abrocitinib vs. placebo at weeks 2‐12 in JADE TEEN and JADE MONO‐1/‐2.ConclusionsPatient‐reported signs/symptoms, including reduction of sleep loss and quality of life, were substantially improved with abrocitinib monotherapy or combination therapy relative to placebo in adolescents with moderate‐to‐severe AD.