bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of non-communicable diseases risk factors and their determinants: Results from STEPS survey 2019, Nepal
Authors: Bista Bihungum , Dhimal Meghnath , Bhattarai Saroj , Neupane Tamanna , Xu Yvonne Yiru , Pandey Achyut Raj , Townsend Nick , Gyanwali Pradip , Jha Anjani Kumar 
Published: July 2021

Background
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends ongoing surveillance of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and their risk factors, using the WHO STEPwise approach to surveillance (STEPS). The aim of this study was to assess the distribution and determinants of NCD risk factors in Nepal, a low-income country, in which two-thirds (66%) of annual deaths are attributable to NCDs.

Methods
A nationally representative NCD risk factors STEPS survey (instrument version 3.2), was conducted between February and May 2019, among 6,475 eligible participants of age 15–69 years sampled from all 7 provinces through multistage sampling process. Data collection involved assessment of behavioral and biochemical risk factors. Complex survey analysis was completed in STATA 15, along with Poisson regression modelling to examine associations between covariates and risk factor prevalence.

Results
The most prevalent risk factor was consumption of less than five servings of fruit and vegetables a day (97%; 95% CI: 94.3–98.0). Out of total participants, 17% (95% CI: 15.1–19.1) were current smoker, 6.8% (95% CI: 5.3–8.2) were consuming ≥60g/month alcohol per month and 7.4% (95% CI:5.7–10.1) were having low level of physical activity. Approximately, 24.3% (95% CI: 21.6–27.2) were overweight or obese (BMI≥25kg/m2) while 24.5% (95% CI: 22.4–26.7) and 5.8% (95% CI: 4.3–7.3) had raised blood pressure (BP) and raised blood glucose respectively. Similarly, the prevalence of raised total cholesterol was 11% (95% CI: 9.6–12.6). Sex and education level of participants were statistically associated with smoking, harmful alcohol use and raised BP. Participants of age 30–44 years and 45–69 years were found to have increased risk of overweight, raised BP, raised blood sugar and raised blood cholesterol. Similarly, participants in richest wealth quintile had higher odds of insufficient physical inactivity, overweight and raised blood cholesterol. On average, each participant had 2 NCD related risk factors (2.04, 95% CI: 2.02–2.08).

Conclusion
A large portion of the Nepalese population are living with a variety of NCD risk factors. These surveillance data should be used to support and monitor province specific NCD prevention and control interventions throughout Nepal, supported by a multi-sectoral national coordination mechanism.
Development and validation of a prognostic 40-day mortality risk model among hospitalized patients with COVID-19
Authors: Berry Donald A. , Ip Andrew , Lewis Brett E. , Berry Scott M. , Berry Nicholas S. , MrKulic Mary , Gadalla Virginia , Sat Burcu , Wright Kristen , Serna Michelle , Unawane Rashmi , Trpeski Katerina , Koropsak Michael , Kaur Puneet , Sica Zachary , McConnell Andrew , Bednarz Urszula , Marafelias Michael , Goy Andre H. , Pecora Andrew L. , Sawczuk Ihor S. , Goldberg Stuart L. 
Published: July 2021

Objectives
The development of a prognostic mortality risk model for hospitalized COVID-19 patients may facilitate patient treatment planning, comparisons of therapeutic strategies, and public health preparations.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the electronic health records of patients hospitalized within a 13-hospital New Jersey USA network between March 1, 2020 and April 22, 2020 with positive polymerase chain reaction results for SARS-CoV-2, with follow-up through May 29, 2020. With death or hospital discharge by day 40 as the primary endpoint, we used univariate followed by stepwise multivariate proportional hazard models to develop a risk score on one-half the data set, validated on the remainder, and converted the risk score into a patient-level predictive probability of 40-day mortality based on the combined dataset.

Results
The study population consisted of 3123 hospitalized COVID-19 patients; median age 63 years; 60% were men; 42% had >3 coexisting conditions. 713 (23%) patients died within 40 days of hospitalization for COVID-19. From 22 potential candidate factors 6 were found to be independent predictors of mortality and were included in the risk score model: age, respiratory rate ≥25/minute upon hospital presentation, oxygenation <94% on hospital presentation, and pre-hospital comorbidities of hypertension, coronary artery disease, or chronic renal disease. The risk score was highly prognostic of mortality in a training set and confirmatory set yielding in the combined dataset a hazard ratio of 1.80 (95% CI, 1.72, 1.87) for one unit increases. Using observed mortality within 20 equally sized bins of risk scores, a predictive model for an individual’s 40-day risk of mortality was generated as -14.258 + 13.460*RS + 1.585*(RS–2.524)^2–0.403*(RS–2.524)^3. An online calculator of this 40-day COVID-19 mortality risk score is available at www.HackensackMeridianHealth.org/CovidRS.

Conclusions
A risk score using six variables is able to prognosticate mortality within 40-days of hospitalization for COVID-19.

Trial registration
Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT04347993.
La pluma del satírico, la espada del rebelde: respuestas serviles al humor en el marco de las Cortes de Cádiz.
Authors: Calvo Maturana Antonio Juan 
Published: July 2021

El presente trabajo estudia el impacto causado por la sátira liberal en el partido servil en el emotivo (apocalíptico para muchos de ellos) contexto de las Cortes de Cádiz. La ley de libertad de imprenta y el letargo (y la posterior abolición) inquisitorial dejaron a los defensores del orden tradicional sin más argumento que sus propias palabras en un momento en que era fundamental convencer a una opinión pública cuyo sentir marcaba el pulso del proceso constitucional. En primer lugar se estudia el rechazo servil a la sátira (sobre todo a aquella destinada a zaherir a la Iglesia), considerada como propia de la frivolidad de los liberales y nada adecuada a la gravedad de la situación española; en segundo lugar, se comprueba que el partido servil terminó por entrar con fuerza en esa guerra satírica, aunque se justificase como un mal necesario. Al mismo tiempo, se comprueba hasta qué punto el humor terminó por perfilar la imagen que formaron los dos bloques políticos del momento de sí mismos y del otro.
Ball Classification through Object Detection using Deep Learning for Handball
Authors: Alwi Arzielah Ashiqin , Ibrahim Ahmad Najmuddin , Shapiee Muhammad Nur Aiman , Ibrahim Muhammad Ar Rahim , Mohd Razman Mohd Azraai , Khairuddin Ismail Mohd 
Published: July 2021

Dynamic gameplay, fast-paced and fast-changing gameplay, where angle shooting (top and bottom corner) has the best chance of a good goal, are the main aspects of handball. When it comes to the narrow-angle area, the goalkeeper has trouble blocked the goal. Therefore, this research discusses image processing to investigate the shooting precision performance analysis to detect the ball's accuracy at high speed. In the handball goal, the participants had to complete 50 successful shots at each of the four target locations. Computer vision will then be implemented through a camera to identify the ball, followed by determining the accuracy of the ball position of floating, net tangle and farthest or smallest using object detection as the accuracy marker. The model will be trained using Deep Learning (DL) models of YOLOv2, YOLOv3, and Faster R-CNN and the best precision models of ball detection accuracy were compared. It was found that the best performance of the accuracy of the classifier Faster R-CNN produces 99% for all ball positions.
Becoming a teacher in higher education: Creating an academic development program to catalyse doctoral students' professionalization
Authors: Misic Gorana , Rymarenko Margaryta , Dorner Helga 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper focuses on exploring the intellectual basis for establishing an academic development program for international doctoral students in social sciences and humanities in Central Europe so as to cultivate a reflective scholarly approach to teaching early on in their academic career. The program conceptions and practices are embedded in the notion that a scholarly approach to teaching integrates the understanding and demonstration of knowledge about teaching and necessitates a continuous learning process about teaching through reflection and through conducting research on teaching in the various disciplines. In particular, taking on board the domains of teaching knowledge which derived from the kinds of reflections on teaching (cf. Kreber & Cranton, 2000; Mezirow, 1991), instructional, pedagogical and curricular knowledge and continuous reflection at the level of content, process as well as premise, are represented in an integrative manner in our overarching program principles and pedagogical strategies. As we see, professionalization of doctoral students' teaching practice in higher education (cf. Lueddeke, 2003) is particularly important in the context of enhanced faculty mobility and internationalization. Therefore, this paper aims to contribute to the literature and practice on establishing academic development programs, especially in academic environments with low institutional support for teaching and lack of formal requirements for professional development.
How to operationalise holistic academic development – The case of a Danish center for teaching and learning
Authors: Troelsen Rie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCenters for Teaching and Learning (CTLs) are at the forefront of many quality enhancement activities aimed at teaching and learning at universities and do not solely focus on supporting individual teacher in conducting quality teaching but are also playing a strategic role in the university. CTLs provide in other words holistic academic development. This article provides examples of how a CTL at the University of Southern Denmark has operationalised holistic academic development using Holt et al.’s points of leverage as a starting point. The leverage points are combined and exemplified to suggest a model for enhancing teaching quality which entails five levels; definitions, descriptions, documentation, evaluation and recognition of quality in teaching.
A comparative study of possessive construction in Kurdish and Hungarian from a cognitive perspective
Authors: Hasar Rahman Veisi , Naghshbandi Zaniar 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe present paper seeks to investigate the characteristics of possessive constructions in Kurdish (the Central variety also known as Sorani) and Hungarian from a cognitive viewpoint. Starting with nominal possessive constructions, which include attenuated possessors and nominal possessees, we will argue that both Kurdish and Hungarian make use of essentially similar typological strategies to encode the possessive relationship. Moreover, the defining characteristics of nominal possessive constructions in both languages will be justifiably accounted for through the same lines of cognitive argumentation in terms of Langacker's reference-point model (2008, 2009). However, a different cognitive treatment is proposed for cases in which the possessor and the possessee are nominal and linked to each other via an Ezafe. We will argue that Ezafe, which links the nominal head to its dependents in a Noun Phrase (Qharib et al. 1971; Moiin 1984; Ghomeshi 1997; Lotfi 2014), evokes an intrinsic asymmetric relationship between the possessor as the landmark and the possessee as the trajector. As the second major type of possessive constructions elaborated on in this paper, the predicative possessive is first classified into topic-possessive andbe-possessive categories. Despite their subtle structural differences, it is again shown that both Kurdish and Hungarian employ almost similar clausal patterns to form both categories of predicative possessives, and the same cognitive models can be brought into play to account for their underlying characteristics. The final section of the present paper is devoted to the so-called ergative constructions in Kurdish. Seeking to propose a new cognitive approach to account for the peculiarities of the non-accusative alignment, we will argue that the so-called ergative constructions in Kurdish are conceptually linked to predicative possessive constructions.
Phase Separation of MAGI2-Mediated Complex Underlies Formation of Slit Diaphragm Complex in Glomerular Filtration Barrier
Authors: Zhang Haijiao , Lin Lin , Liu Jianping , Pan Lifeng , Lin Zhijie , Zhang Mingjie , Zhang Jiong , Cao Ying , Zhu Jinwei , Zhang Rongguang 
Published: July 2021

Significance Statement
Slit diaphragms between podocytes play a critical role in maintaining the filtration function in kidney. At each slit diaphragm there is an electron-dense junctional plaque crucial for slit diaphragm integrity and podocyte signal transduction. However, the molecular basis underlying slit diaphragm assembly is not well understood. Here, we demonstrate that MAGI2, a unique MAGUK family scaffold protein at slit diaphragm, can autonomously undergo liquid-liquid phase separation. Multivalent interactions among the MAGI2-Dendrin-CD2AP complex drive the formation of the slit diaphragm condensates at physiologic conditions. The reconstituted slit diaphragm condensates can effectively enrich Nephrin. A nephrotic syndrome–associated mutation of MAGI2 interferes with slit diaphragm condensate formation, leading to impaired recruitment of Nephrin. Therefore, the electron-dense slit diaphragm assembly might form via phase separation of the slit diaphragm complex.

Background
Slit diaphragm is a specialized adhesion junction between the opposing podocytes, establishing the final filtration barrier to urinary protein loss. At the cytoplasmic insertion site of each slit diaphragm there is an electron-dense and protein-rich cellular compartment that is essential for slit diaphragm integrity and signal transduction. Mutations in genes that encode components of this membrane-less compartment have been associated with glomerular diseases. However, the molecular mechanism governing formation of compartmentalized slit diaphragm assembly remains elusive.

Methods
We systematically investigated the interactions between key components at slit diaphragm, such as MAGI2, Dendrin, and CD2AP, through a combination of biochemical, biophysical, and cell biologic approaches.

Results
We demonstrated that MAGI2, a unique MAGUK family scaffold protein at slit diaphragm, can autonomously undergo liquid-liquid phase separation. Multivalent interactions among the MAGI2-Dendrin-CD2AP complex drive the formation of the highly dense slit diaphragm condensates at physiologic conditions. The reconstituted slit diaphragm condensates can effectively recruit Nephrin. A nephrotic syndrome–associated mutation of MAGI2 interfered with formation of the slit diaphragm condensates, thus leading to impaired enrichment of Nephrin.

Conclusions
Key components at slit diaphragm (e.g., MAGI2 and its complex) can spontaneously undergo phase separation. The reconstituted slit diaphragm condensates can be enriched in adhesion molecules and cytoskeletal adaptor proteins. Therefore, the electron-dense slit diaphragm assembly might form via phase separation of core components of the slit diaphragm in podocytes.
Özbek Masallarında Halk Hekimliği Uygulamaları
Authors: ALPTEKİN Zeynep Dilek 
Published: July 2021

Halk anlatıları, içerisinde oluştuğu toplumlara ait kültürel unsurları barındıran ve halk kültürünün devamlılığını sağlayan halka mal olmuş ürünlerdir. Halk kültürünün gelecek nesillere aktarıcısı niteliğine sahip olan halk anlatıları, bir nev’i kültürün repertuvarı görevindedir. Öyle ki halk anlatısı adını verdiğimiz mit, destan, masal, efsane, fıkra ve halk hikâyeleri metinlerinde doğumdan başlanarak ölüme kadar geçen süreçteki halk kültürüne ait birçok unsurdan kesitler görebiliriz. Diğer halk anlatıları ve masalların esasını oluşturan bu unsurlara motif adı verilir. Masal motifleri evrensel bir yapıya sahip olmakla birlikte masalın yayıldığı coğrafyaya ait unsurları da bünyesinde barındırabilir. Bu unsurlardan birisi de halk hekimliği uygulamalarıdır.
Bu çalışmada, Hüseyin Baydemir (2004) tarafından Özbekistan sahasından seçilmiş 70 masal metninde geçen halk hekimliği uygulamaları tespit edilmiştir. Nitel araştırma yönteminin benimsendiği bu çalışmada doküman analizi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada halk hekimliği konusunun Özbek Masalları’ndaki yeri metinlerden tespit edilen örneklerle değerlendirilmiştir.
Signalling and Legitimacy Theories for Explaining Climate Information Disclosure by Russian Companies
Authors: Fedorova Elena , Martynova Maria 
Published: July 2021

This paper studies the factors influencing the level of climate-related disclosure by Russian companies. It has several distinctive features in comparison to previous works: 1) climate change disclosure by Russian companies is studied for the first time; 2) textual analysis is used to evaluate the level of disclosure, and a new Russian glossary on climate change is compiled; 3) a unique set of indicators is used to assess the impact of factors on climate change disclosure. Legitimacy and signalling theories are used to formulate the hypotheses.
The sample consists of 47 Russian companies with the largest market capitalization. Their 235 annual and sustainability reports for 2015-2019 are analysed. Using regression analysis, we show that a company’s absolute amount of greenhouse gas emissions, size, industry affiliation, and CDPrating positively affect its level of disclosure about climate change. In contrast, state ownership and a high debt burden have a negative impact. At the same time, the newness of assets, capital expenditures, interest coverage and company growth opportunities have no effect on climate change disclosure. Empirical results have confirmed the applicability of legitimacy theory to the Russian market. The present study will provide investors and regulators with tools for predicting a company’s impact on climate based on its level of climate change disclosure.
INVESTIGATION OF PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT DOSES OF OMEGA 3 FATTY ACIDS IN EXPERIMENTAL RENAL ISCHEMIA REPERFUSION DAMAGE
Authors: ŞİRİNYILDIZ Ferhat , CESUR Gökhan 
Published: July 2021

Objective
Ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury is caused by a sudden
and temporary impairment of blood flow to a particular
organ or tissue. Renal IR-induced kidney damage causes
high levels of permanent damage and mortality.
Dietary omega-3 fatty acids have anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating effects and are used as protective
agents.
Materials and Methods
In the study; Protective effects of different doses of
omega-3 fatty acid in ischemia reperfusion injury were
investigated by biochemical and histological analyzes.
40 adult female rats were divided into 5 groups
as sham control, IR, IR+100, IR+400, IR+700 (n:8).
The right kidney was removed by nephrectomy in the
sham control group, and the left kidney was not treated.
For IR injury; the right kidney was removed by
nephrectomy, and the left kidney was clamped. Omega-
3 fatty acids of 100 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg and 700 mg/
kg were administered by gastric gavage to the treatment
groups for 14 days before the surgery and for
15. gastric gavage was administrated in the morning
of the operation.
Results
According these data; with application of omega-3,
histopathological examination results were correlated.
It is found that, histopathological results were
supported by biochemical results. There was a significant
decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase
(MPO) levels in the treated groups, while
catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px)
levels were detected to be increased.
Conclusion
It was concluded that administration of omega-3 fatty
acids beforehand in cases that may cause ischemia
and reperfusion damage in the kidney can provide a
protective effect on this tissue.
Vitamin B12 eksikliği olan çocuklarda tiyol disülfit dengesi
Authors: OKUR Ece Cansu , ORHAN Mehmet Fatih , ELMAS Bahri 
Published: July 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, vitamin B12 eksikliği olan çocuklarda oksidatif stres belirteci olarak tiyol/disülfit dengesinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya vitamin B12 eksikliği olan 61 çocuk hasta ve 62 sağlıklı çocuk kontrol grubu olarak dahil edildi. Katılımcıların vitamin B12, homosistein, tam kan sayımı ve tiyol/disülfit dengesi parametreleri ölçüldü. Grupların klinik ve laboratuvar parametreleri karşılaştırıldı. Tiyol/disülfit dengesi parametreleri ile vitamin B12 ve homosistein arasındaki ilişki araştırıldı.
Bulgular: Gruplar yaş ve cinsiyet dağılımı açısından benzerdi. Medyan vitamin B12 düzeyi hasta grubunda 179 (98-199) pg/ml, kontrol grubunda 298 (201-965) pg/ml idi. Hasta ve kontrol grubu arasında; homosistein, nativ tiyol, total tiyol, disülfit, disülfit/nativ tiyol oranı, disülfit/total tiyol oranı ve nativ tiyol/total tiyol oranı açısından anlamlı fark saptanmadı. Hasta ve kontrol grubunda, tiyol/disülfit dengesi parametreleri ile vitamin B12 ve homosistein düzeyleri arasında anlamlı korelasyon saptanmadı.
Sonuç: Hasta grubumuzda vitamin B12 düzeyinin belirgin düşük olmaması nedeniyle homosistein düzeyinde anlamlı artış olmadığı düşünülmüştür. Homosisteini artırmayan bir vitamin B12 eksikliğinin, oksidatif stresi artırmayacağı, dolayısıyla antioksidan kapasiteyi de artırmayacağı öngörülebilir.
Importance of circulating microRNA-122 for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: ONAN Engin , AKKIZ Hikmet , SANDIKCI Macit Umran , ÜSKÜDAR Oğuz , ÖZTÜRK Agah Bahadır 
Published: July 2021

Purpose: The main purpose of our study is to research the potential of circulating microRNA-122 (miR-122)as a marker for hepatocellular carcinoma.
Materials and Methods: Circulating miR-122 levels were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction in patients with varied stages of hepatocellular carcinoma. In addition, various other laboratory and clinical data of the participants were evaluated in order to observe the correlation between these data and serum miR-122 levels.
Results: Serum miR-122 levels were found significantly higher in hepatocellular carcinoma patients compared to the control group. (median miR-122 (min. – max.); patients: 0.0104 (0-0.262); controls: 0.00187 (0-0.100), p