bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mortality Among Parents of Children With Major Congenital Anomalies
Authors: Fuller Anne E. , Horváth-Puhó Erzsébet , Ray Joel G. , Ehrenstein Vera , Sørensen Henrik Toft , Cohen Eyal 
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND:A mother whose child has a chronic condition, such as a major congenital anomaly, often experiences poorer long-term health, including earlier mortality. Little is known about the long-term health of fathers of infants with a major congenital anomaly.METHODS:In this population-based prospective cohort study, we used individual-linked Danish registry data. Included were all mothers and fathers with a singleton infant born January 1, 1986, to December 31, 2015. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to generate hazard ratios for all-cause and cause-specific mortality among mothers and fathers whose infant had an anomaly and fathers of unaffected infants, relative to mothers of unaffected infants (referent), adjusted for child’s year of birth, parity, parental age at birth, parental comorbidities, and sociodemographic characteristics.RESULTS:In total, 20 952 of 965 310 mothers (2.2%) and 20 655 of 951 022 fathers (2.2%) had an infant with a major anomaly. Median (interquartile range) of parental follow-up was 17.9 (9.5 to 25.5) years. Relative to mothers of unaffected infants, mothers of affected infants had adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) of death of 1.20 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.09 to 1.32), fathers of unaffected infants had intermediate aHR (1.62, 95% CI: 1.59 to 1.66), and fathers of affected infants had the highest aHR (1.76, 95% CI: 1.64 to 1.88). Heightened mortality was primarily due to cardiovascular and endocrine/metabolic diseases.CONCLUSIONS:Mothers and fathers of infants with a major congenital anomaly experience an increased risk of mortality, often from preventable causes. These findings support including fathers in interventions to support the health of parental caregivers.
Necrotizing paraproctitis in a 5-year-old child: a case report
Authors: Stepanova Nataliya М. , Rudenko Natalya Y. , Dyukov Andrey A. , Lee Igor B. 
Published: April 2021

Authors present a rare clinical case of successful treatment of a 5-year-old child with purulent-necrotic paraproctitis, which developed against the background of a primary immune deficiency state.
Clinical case. A 5-year-old boy became acutely ill, against the background of diarrhea with hyperthermia. An area of hyperemia, edema, and tissue infiltration appeared in the perianal region. In anamnesis, with frequent respiratory infections and dysfunction of the intestinal tract in the form of diarrhea. He was admitted to the Regional Childrens Hospital on the 10th day of illness from the regional hospital, where antibiotic treatment was started. Upon admission, the condition was serious in the perianal region with an extensive wound necrotic tissues and a plaque of fibrin. To create favorable conditions for wound healing, a preventive sigmostomy operation was performed. Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found in the wound culture. Thus, courses of antibiotics treatment, infusion therapy, and surgical debridement of the perianal wound and its local treatment were performed. Upon immunological status examination, a primary immunodeficiency was revealed, for which drugs with immunoglobulin G were administered. As a result of the treatment, the wound healed by secondary intention, thus, an operation was performed to close the sigmostoma. The child was discharged in satisfactory condition under the supervision of an immunologist and a surgeon.
Discussion. In this case, preventive sigmostomy is justified; however, authors limit themselves to surgical intervention on the perineum in other cases. Pseudomonas aeruginosa shows its pathogenicity in patients with impaired immunity. Therefore, courses of antibiotics, infusion therapy, and immunomodulatory therapy along with surgical treatment, favorable result were achieved.
Conclusion. Children with purulent-necrotic paraproctitis, which developed against the background of a primary immune deficiency should be hospitalized as early as possible in a specialized hospital.
An alternative method for a reliable estimation of seismicity with an application in Greece and the surrounding area
Authors: Papazachos C. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAn alternative method is proposed for the robust estimation of a and b values of the Gutenberg-Richter relation. The main hypothesis is that b values depend on material properties and the seismotectonic setting and therefore should vary relatively smoothly in space. As far as the a values are concerned, more sharp variations are allowed because these values determine the seismicity level, once the b value is fixed. The study area is organized into a grid, and the a and b values are simultaneously determined for the whole grid by solving an appropriate linear system. Smooth b variations are imposed by introducing additional linear constraints, similar to the Occam's inversion used in tomography studies. The method is applied to Greece and the surrounding area, which is a high seismicity area. The results are in very good agreement with previous studies and further enhance our knowledge for the study area. Moreover, additional seismicity measures (return periods, probabilities, etc.) are estimated robustly because they depend on the a and b values obtained for this area.
Basin waves on a seafloor recording of the 1990 Upland, California, earthquake: Implications for ground motions from a larger earthquake
Authors: Boore David M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe velocity and displacement time series from a recording on the seafloor at 74 km from the 1990 Upland earthquake (M = 5.6) are dominated by late-arriving waves with periods of 6 to 7 sec. These waves are probably surface waves traveling across the Los Angeles basin. Response spectra for the recording are in agreement with predictions from empirical regression equations and theoretical models for periods less than about 1 sec but are significantly larger than those predictions for longer periods. The longer-period spectral amplitudes are controlled by the late-arriving waves, which are not included in the theoretical models and are underrepresented in the data used in the empirical analyses. When the motions are scaled to larger magnitude, the results are in general agreement with simulations of wave propagation in the Los Angeles basin by Graves (1998).
Diabetic macular edema shows a positive response to Aflibercept after previous unresponsive intravitreal Anti-VEGF and steroid therapy
Authors: Prashanth C N  , Babu M N Anand , Natesh Sribhargava 
Published: April 2021

To evaluate the efficacy of intravitreal aflibercept in diabetic macular edema unresponsive to prior intravitreal anti VEGF and steroid therapy.10 eyes were prospectively investigated. Each eye was treated with intravitreal aflibercept in case of central macular edema unresponsive to prior anti VEGF therapy and intravitreal steroid. Patient were evaluated preoperatively with BCVA, OCT and fundus evaluation and IOP and followed up at 15 days, 6 weeks. : Mean BCVA at presentation was 0.85 log MAR, and that improved to at 15 days and 45 days of intravitreal aflibercept, 0.65 log MAR and 0.52 log MAR. Mean central macular edema at presentation was 662.5 μm (380-905μm), after 15 days was 403μm (185-705μm) and after 45 days was 261.25μm (120-507 μm). Intravitreal aflibercept can be an option to treat unresponsive diabetic central macular edema.
To study early and late effect of intravitreal injection Ranibizumab on Cystoid Macular Edema(CME) due to Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion (BRVO)
Authors: Kumar Anil , Yadav Ram Yash Singh , Kumar Ram , Singh Ashutosh Kumar , Rai Chiranjee 
Published: April 2021

: To study early and late effect of intravitreal injection Ranibizumab on Cystoid Macular Edema(CME) because of Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion (BRVO). This Study included 25 Patients (age group≥18 year) with cystoid macular edema because of branch retinal vein occlusion attending to department of ophthalmology Nehru Chikitsalaya, B.R.D. Medical college, Gorakhpur.An observational study has been concluded in which early and late effect of intravitreal injection Ranibizumab on cystoid macular edema because of branch retinal vein occlusion. The mean age group being 58.53 year of total 25 patients with 13 male and 12 female patients with no dropout throughout the study. In 1 month of post injecton observation, 10 (40%) patients who presented within 1 month of onset of BRVO showed more gain in visual acuity and more reduction in central macular thickness (CMT) as compare to 15 (60%) patients who presented after 1 month of onset of BRVO.: Intravitreal Ranibizumab is more effective in patients presented early than late in improving best corrected visual acuity ( BCVA) and decreasing CMT.
Leptospira culture and isolation from tertiary care hospital, Surat
Authors: Patel Alpa S , Mulla Summaiya A , Patel Hardik C 
Published: April 2021

: In a highly globalized world, where boundaries are continually crossed due to different international activities, tropical diseases including Leptospirosis have emerged as significant causes of severe illness and death in untreated patients. To optimize the culture isolation of Leptospira by using different culture methods.: All suspected cases of Leptospirosis regardless of their age/sex were recruited following informed and written consent. Five different blood culture methods have been tried to see better isolation of Leptospira from patient.: Total 326 patients are evaluated over a period of three years. Five different method of blood culture were followed out of that, whole blood culture technique shows better result compaire to other followed technique.: The culture methods are gold standard but time consuming. It has an important role in the study of outbreaks. It provides epidemiological data that is helpful in studying pathogenesis of Leptospira.
Clinical, phenotypic and genotypic profile of carbapenem resistant gram negative infections in intensive care units
Authors: Mohammed Mustafeed Uddin , D R Manisha , K Nagamani 
Published: April 2021

Carbapenems are currently the only active beta-lactams effective against the ESBL producing pathogens; this has led to an increase in their use not only for documented infections but also for empirical treatment of acquired infections in ICU patients. Thus, there is a selective pressure for carbapenem resistance in intensive care units of tertiary care hospitals. Carbapenem resistant infections are associated with high morbidity & mortality. 1. To screen for carbapenem resistance among gram negative infections in ICU patients by disc diffusion & confirmation by Vitek 2 system; 2: To detect the carbapenemase production by phenotypic methods; 3: To confirm the presence of resistant gene by PCR; 4: To find out the attributable risk factors from the clinical history of such patients; 5: To follow up & estimate mortality rate in such infections and its statistical correlation A total of 160 gram negative isolates [E.coli(71), Klebsiella(63), Acinetobacter(10), Pseudomonas(9) and Enterobacter(7)] from patients of various intensive care units were screened by disc diffusion out of which 53(33.12%) were carbapenem resistant. Resistant isolates were further tested by Vitek 2 system for determination of MICs, Modified Hodge test(MHT) and Combined Disc test(CDT) for carbapenemase production and subjected to multiplex PCR for detection of resiatant gene i.e., bla NDM-1, bla VIM, bla IMP and bla KPC. Follow up of all the cases till the end of hospital stay was done and mortality rate was calculated.Results: 53 isolates(33.12%) were carbapenem resistant, 17 isolates were MHT positive while 39 were CDT positive. 24 isolates [E.coli(12), Klebsiella(7), Acinetobacter(3), Pseudomonas(1) and Enterobacter(1)] showed the presence of NDM-1 gene on PCR. Gentamicin(35%), Amikacin (45%), Tigecycline(88%) & Colistin(100%) were sensitive for carbapenem resistant GNBs. Mortality in carbapenem sensitive infections in ICUs was 21% whereas resistant infections showed 37% (p value &#60;0.05).Conclusion: 45% of carbapenem resistance is due to presence of NDM-1 gene, E.coli was the commonest isolate. Other mechanisms of resistance such as excessive ESBL production, porin loss may be responsible for resistance in remaining isolates. Effective infection control measures should be taken to prevent the spread of these super bugs in a ICU.
Seroprevalence of dengue in the tribal district of central India
Authors: Gedam Dilip S , Madkey Madhavi Vijaykumar , Meshram Vinay M , Gajbhiye Swati B 
Published: April 2021

Dengue is a vector-borne disease that is a major public health threat globally affecting three billion people with approximately 200 million cases of morbidity and 50,000 cases of mortality annually. It is transmitted to humans by Aedes mosquitoes. It is caused by the dengue virus (DENV, 1–4 serotypes). The clinical manifestations of dengue vary from mild fever to severe hemorrhage, shock, and death. It is critical to make an early and accurate laboratory diagnosis of DENV infection for effective patient management. Dengue is now no more restricted to the urban population, it has become endemic in the rural population as well. 1. To find the seroprevalence of dengue virus infection in the tribal population of Gondia district. 2. To observe the seasonal variation of dengue cases. This study was conducted under the NVBDC program at the Department of Microbiology, GMC, Gondia which is the sentinel center for Dengue and Chikungunya. The Study was carried out from October 2018 to September 2020. Serum samples of patients with dengue-like clinical illness were subjected to IgM antibody detection by dengue MAC ELISA. Seroprevalence of dengue in Gondia was found to be 12.37% (48/388). The most common age group affected was 21-30 years (39.59%). Males (54.17%) were affected more than females (45.83%). The peak of dengue cases was observed in September 2019. Less number of cases were reported in the year 2020.Newer diagnostic techniques, public awareness programs, better education, and proper monitoring of vector control are required to prevent dengue outbreaks.
MRSA colonization in health care professionals with varying degrees of exposure to the hospital environment and its susceptibility to mupirocin in a tertiary care centre
Authors: R Shakthi , D Venkatesha 
Published: April 2021

Methicillin-resistant (MRSA) is one of the major causes of healthcare associated infections with significant morbidity and mortality. Health care workers act as a carrier in spread of MRSA in hospitals. Use of Mupirocin to eradicate the carrier state is the need of the hour.: This study was undertaken to assess the prevalence of MRSA colonization among health care workers with varying degree of exposure to hospital environment and to know the susceptibility of Mupirocin to MRSA. : Swabs were collected from anterior nares and finger web spaces of 100 health care workers (HCWs). The specimens were processed and colonies of were identified by standard methods. The strains of MRSA were identified by using Cefoxitin (30µg) disk on Muller Hinton agar. The MRSA isolates were then tested for Mupirocin susceptibility.In the present study, 100 nasal and inter digital spaces swabs yielded 15 and 10 MRSA strains respectively. Among the 100 HCWs screened, the majority of MRSA colonization was seen in HCWs with a history of exposure to hospital environment for around 5-10 years or more. All 30 with 15 MRSA strains isolated was sensitive to both 5µg and 200µg Mupirocin disc by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method.The high rate of Nasal MRSA carriage among health care workers is alarming. HCWs with long duration of exposure to hospital environment were more colonized with MRSA. More awareness and training sessions on the importance of MRSA and hand hygiene measures to be implemented to prevent MRSA transmission from HCWs to vulnerable patients. We suggest that MRSA screening should be performed for all HCWs and detection of susceptibility of Mupirocin will result in appropriate use of this antibiotic in decolonization.
The Association Between Maternity Waiting Home Use and Maternal–Newborn Knowledge: Latent Class Analysis
Authors: Buser Julie M. , Moyer Cheryl A. , Boyd Carol J , Veliz Philip T , Zulu Davy , Ngoma-Hazemba Alice , Mtenje Jessy Taona , Jones Andrew D. , Lori Jody R. 
Published: April 2021

Background and PurposeAn exploratory latent class analysis (LCA) was performed assessing the association between maternity waiting home (MWH) use and maternal–newborn care knowledge.MethodsA two-group comparison design using a face-to-face interview (n = 250) was conducted to understand if MWH use was associated with greater maternal knowledge of newborn care.ResultsHigh levels of maternal knowledge of newborn care were associated with MWH use. Mothers with low levels of knowledge were less likely to use an MWH prior to delivery and more likely to have fewer pregnancies, attend less than four antenatal care (ANC) visits, and receive no education about newborn health problems during ANC.ConclusionsNurses need to target younger, primigravida mothers attending fewer ANC visits with educational opportunities while advocating for expansion of health education at MWHs to potentiate long-term benefits for improved maternal–newborn health and delivery outcomes.
Variabilité des utilisations de Diospyros mespiliformis Hochst. suivant les facteurs sociodémographiques au Nord-Bénin
Authors: DAANON Alain , PADONOU Elie Antoine , AKAKPO Bokon Alexis , HOUINATO Marcel 
Published: April 2021

Diospyros mespiliformis est une espèce d’arbre très peu étudiée malgré son importance pour les communautés locales au Bénin. Cette étude a évalué la variabilité des usages de l’espèce et de ses organes suivant les facteurs sociodémographiques (la provenance, les catégories socioculturelles, le sexe, l’âge et la profession des utilisateurs). Une enquête auprès de 233 participants a été réalisée dans les communes de Tchaourou, Sinendé et Bembèrèkè. La fréquence de citation, les usages rapportés et l’indice d’importance des organes de l’espèce ont été calculés. Des analyses de la covariance sur les usages totaux rapportés ont été effectuées afin d’évaluer les déterminants des usages de l’espèce. Des analyses en composantes principales ont été effectuées afin de caractériser les usages, suivant les déterminants des usages de l’espèce. Les résultats ont révélé que le sexe, l’âge et la provenance socioculturelle (P < 0,05) ont déterminé les usages dans la zone d’étude. Les hommes adultes ont eu plus d’intérêt pour l’espèce. Les Peuhls de Tchaourou et les Bariba de Sinendé ont utilisé davantage l’espèce comme bois énergie et bois d’œuvre. Les Bariba de Tchaourou, de Sinendé et les Peuhls de Sinendé sont plus intéressés par l’espèce pour des usages alimentaires, le fourrage et la pharmacopée. L’utilisation des organes est déterminée par l’âge et les interactions provenance-profession-âge (P < 0,05). Les racines et les écorces sont les parties les plus appréciées par les adultes et les personnes âgées. Les éleveurs, en général, et les agriculteurs de Tchaourou sont particulièrement intéressés par les racines, les tiges et les noix de l’espèce. Les agriculteurs de Bembèrèkè et les commerçants de Sinendé et de Bembèrèkè sont, quant à eux, plus enclins à l’usage des écorces. Par ailleurs, les usages de l’espèce en tant que bois et fourrage ont affecté négativement (P < 0,000) son usage alimentaire. Ces résultats sont à prendre en compte pour une stratégie de valorisation et de conservation durable de l’espèce.
The Effect of Plastic Waste Attachment on Branching Coral to Zooxanthellae Abundance in the Kelapa Dua Island Waters, Seribu Islands
Authors: Muhammad Fadel , Zamani Neviaty Putri , Ismet Meutia Samira , Ramadhan Muhammad Irlan Assidiq Kusuma 
Published: April 2021

HighlightLight intensity from plastic waste was positively correlated with the abundance of zooxanthellae in corals.The abundance of zooxanthellae between sack plastic and clear plastic treatment tended to be the same.The treatment of packaging plastic was treated with the lowest light intensity.The treatment of black plastic was the treatment that produced the lowest abundance of zooxanthellae. AbstractCoral growth in Indonesia was being disrupted due to the continued threat of environmental change, such as littering to the beach. This study aimed to analyze the effect of the attachment of different colored plastic waste to the rate of zooxanthellae abundance on branching corals in Kelapa Dua Island waters. Branching coral colony samples consisted of the genus Acropora and Porites with a total of 15 fragments of coral colonies at the depth of 80-90 cm were tested with a treatment of the attachment plastic wastes (control, clear plastic, plastic sack, plastic packaging, and black plastic) for four days. The zooxanthellae abundance was calculated using the APHA (American Public Health Association) formula. The results of zooxanthellae abundance on the closure treatment of branching coral samples with black plastic and control had the lowest and highest values by 4.25 x 105 cells/cm2 and 1.38 x 106 cells/cm2. The results of the linear regression test showed that there was a significant relationship between plastic waste with low light intensity and a decrease of zooxanthellae abundance in coral colonies with the equation Y of 972.78x + 653402, determination index (R2) of 0.68, and correlation index (r) of 0.83. These results indicated that the attachment of plastic waste to branching coral colonies could be a stressor on coral animals in reducing light intensity, which caused a reduction of zooxanthellae abundance as coral endosymbiont.
Correlation of Nitrite and Ammonia with Prevalence of Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) in Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) on Several Super-Intensive Ponds in East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Nkuba Anord Charles , Mahasri Gunanti , Lastuti Nunuk Dyah Retno , Mwendolwa Adamu Ayubu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEnterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP), a microsporidia parasite known to hinder shrimp growth by infecting its hepatopancreas, is recently an emerging infection for Litopenaeus vannamei farms in Indonesia. The present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between nitrite and ammonia concentration with EHP infection in the super-intensive ponds. Shrimps and water samples were collected from six ponds in aquaculture super-intensive ponds with a stocking density of 5,000 shrimps in each pond which is located in Pasuruan, Lamongan, and Tuban Regency, Indonesia. The water sample was taken to the laboratory for the measurement of ammonia and nitrite. The samples of ammonia and nitrite were detected by spectrophotometer, and the PCR was used to detect 18S rRNA of EHP. The PCR analysis that showed two positive samples of L. vannamei, from the ponds with a high concentration of ammonia and nitrite, were infected by EHP. The statistical analysis showed a significant correlation between ammonia and nitrite with the prevalence of EHP infections, where the Pearson correlation (r) was 0.980 and 0.943, respectively. There was a high prevalence of EHP infection with the increase in nitrite concentration and ammonia in pond four and pond six. The concentration of over 1mg/l of ammonia and nitrite could influence EHP infection prevalence in the shrimp farms. Highlight ResearchAmmonia and nitrite concentration influence the prevalence of Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei infection in Super intensive ponds.The estimated prevalence of Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei was 16.7%.PCR amplification analysis was used to detect the 18S ss-rRNA of Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei and 510-bp was obtained.