bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of IGRT-Induced Imaging Doses and Secondary Cancer Risk for SBRT Early Lung Cancer Patients In Silico Study
Authors: Duan Yan-Hua , Gu Heng-Le , Yang Xiao-Hui , Chen Hua , Wang Hao , Shao Yan , Li Xiao-Yang , Feng Ai-Hui , Ying Yan-Chen , Fu Xiao-Long , Ma Kui , Zhou Tao , Xu Zhi-Yong 
Published: June 2021

Objectives: This study performed dosimetry studies and secondary cancer risk assessments on using electronic portal imaging device (EPID) and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) as image guided tools for the early lung cancer patients treated with SBRT. Methods: The imaging doses from MV-EPID and kV-CBCT of the Edge accelerator were retrospectively added to sixty-one SBRT treatment plans of early lung cancer patients. The MV-EPID imaging dose (6MV Photon beam) was calculated in Pinnacle TPS, and the kV-CBCT imaging dose was simulated and calculated by modeling of the kV energy beam in TPS using Pinnacle automatic modeling program. Three types of plans, namely PlanEPID, PlanCBCT and Planorigin, were generated with incorporating doses of EPID, CBCT and no imaging, respectively, for analysis. The effects of imaging doses on dose-volume-histogram (DVH) and plan quality were analyzed, and the excess absolute risk (EAR) of secondary cancer for ipsilateral lung was evaluated. Results: The regions that received less than 50 cGy were significantly impacted by the imaging doses, while the isodose lines greater than 1000 cGy were barely changed. The DVH values of ipsilateral lung increased the most in PlanEPID, followed by PlanCBCT. Compared to Planorigin on the average, the estimated EAR of ipsilateral lung in PlanEPID increased by 3.43%, while the corresponding EAR increase in PlanCBCT was much smaller (about 0.4%). Considering only the contribution of the imaging dose, the EAR values for the ipsilateral lung due to the MV-EPID dose in 5 years,10 years and 15 years were 1.49 cases, 2.09 cases and 2.88 cases per 104PY respectively, and those due to the kV-CBCT dose were about 9 times lower, correspondingly. Conclusions: The imaging doses produced by MV-EPID and kV-CBCT had little effects on the target dose coverage. The secondary cancer risk caused by MV-EPID dose is more than 8.5 times that of kV-CBCT.
Integrative taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of three poorly known tintinnine ciliates, with the establishment of a new genus (Protista; Ciliophora; Oligotrichea)
Authors: Wang Rui , Bai Yang , Hu Tao , Xu Dapeng , Suzuki Toshikazu , Hu Xiaozhong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
The taxonomic classification of the suborder Tintinnina Kofoid & Campbell, 1929, a species-rich group of planktonic ciliated protistans with a characteristic lorica, has long been ambiguous largely due to the lack of cytological and molecular data for most species. Tintinnopsis is the largest, most widespread, and most taxonomically complex genus within this group with about 170 species occurring in nearshore waters. Previous molecular phylogenetic studies have revealed that Tintinnopsis is polyphyletic.

Results
Here we document the live morphology, infraciliature, gene sequences, and habitat characteristics of three poorly known tintinnine species, viz. Tintinnopsis karajacensis Brandt, 1896, Tintinnopsis gracilis Kofoid & Campbell, 1929, and Tintinnopsis tocantinensis Kofoid & Campbell, 1929, isolated from the coastal waters of China. Based on a unique cytological feature (i.e., an elongated ciliary tuft with densely arranged kinetids) in the former two species, Antetintinnopsis gen. nov. is erected with Antetintinnopsis hemispiralis (Yin, 1956) comb. nov. (original combination: Tintinnopsis hemispiralis Yin, 1956) designated as the type species. Moreover, A. karajacensis (Brandt, 1896) comb. nov. (original combination: Tintinnopsis karajacensis Brandt, 1896) and A. gracilis (Kofoid & Campbell, 1929) comb. nov. (original combination: Tintinnopsis gracilis Kofoid & Campbell, 1929) are placed in a highly supported clade that branches separately from Tintinnopsis clades in phylogenetic trees based on SSU rDNA and LSU rDNA sequence data, thus supporting the establishment of the new genus. One other species is assigned to Antetintinnopsis gen. nov., namely A. subacuta (Jörgensen, 1899) comb. nov. (original combination Tintinnopsis subacuta Jörgensen, 1899).

Conclusions
The findings of the phylogenetic analyses support the assertion that cytological characters are taxonomically informative for tintinnines. This study also contributes to the broadening of our understanding of the tintinnine biodiversity and evolution.
Genome wide effects of oleic acid on cultured bovine granulosa cells: evidence for the activation of pathways favoring folliculo-luteal transition
Authors: Yenuganti Vengala Rao , Koczan Dirk , Vanselow Jens 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Metabolic stress, as negative energy balance on one hand or obesity on the other hand can lead to increased levels of free fatty acids in the plasma and follicular fluid of animals and humans. In an earlier study, we showed that increased oleic acid (OA) concentrations affected the function of cultured bovine granulosa cells (GCs). Here, we focus on genome wide effects of increased OA concentrations.

Results
Our data showed that 413 genes were affected, of which 197 were down- and 216 up-regulated. Specifically, the expression of FSH-regulated functional key genes, CCND2, LHCGR, INHA and CYP19A1 and 17-β-estradiol (E2) production were reduced by OA treatment, whereas the expression of the fatty acid transporter CD36 was increased and the morphology of the cells was changed due to lipid droplet accumulation. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that associated pathways of the putative upstream regulators “FSH” and “Cg (choriogonadotropin)” were inhibited and activated, respectively. Down-regulated genes are over-represented in GO terms “reproductive structure/system development”, “ovulation cycle process”, and “(positive) regulation of gonadotropin secretion”, whereas up-regulated genes are involved in “circulatory system development”, “vasculature development”, “angiogenesis” or “extracellular matrix/structure organization”.

Conclusions
From these data we conclude that besides inhibiting GC functionality, increased OA levels seemingly promote angiogenesis and tissue remodelling, thus suggestively initiating a premature fulliculo-luteal transition. In vivo this may lead to impeded folliculogenesis and ovulation, and cause sub-fertility.
Enhanced aluminum tolerance in sugarcane: evaluation of SbMATE overexpression and genome-wide identification of ALMTs in Saccharum spp.
Authors: Ribeiro Ana Paula , Vinecky Felipe , Duarte Karoline Estefani , Santiago Thaís Ribeiro , das Chagas Noqueli Casari Raphael Augusto , Hell Aline Forgatti , da Cunha Bárbara Andrade Dias Brito , Martins Polyana Kelly , da Cruz Centeno Danilo , de Oliveira Molinari Patricia Abrão , de Almeida Cançado Geraldo Magela , Magalhães Jurandir Vieira de , Kobayashi Adilson Kenji , de Souza Wagner Rodrigo , Molinari Hugo Bruno Correa 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundA major limiting factor for plant growth is the aluminum (Al) toxicity in acidic soils, especially in tropical regions. The exclusion of Al from the root apex through root exudation of organic acids such as malate and citrate is one of the most ubiquitous tolerance mechanisms in the plant kingdom. Two families of anion channels that confer Al tolerance are well described in the literature, ALMT and MATE family.ResultsIn this study, sugarcane plants constitutively overexpressing theSorghum bicolor MATEgene (SbMATE) showed improved tolerance to Al when compared to non-transgenic (NT) plants, characterized by sustained root growth and exclusion of aluminum from the root apex based on the result obtained with hematoxylin staining. In addition, genome-wide analysis of the recently released sugarcane genome identified 11ALMTgenes and molecular studies showed potential new targets for aluminum tolerance.ConclusionsOur results indicate that the transgenic plants overexpressing theSorghum bicolor MATEhas an improved tolerance to Al. The expression profile of ALMT genes revels potential candidate genes to be used has an alternative for agricultural expansion in Brazil and other areas with aluminum toxicity in poor and acid soils.
Identification and characterization of An-4, a potential quantitative trait locus for awn development in rice
Authors: Qin Baoxiang , Lu Taian , Xu Yibo , Shen Wei , Liu Fang , Xie Xuyang , Li Yunzhen , Wang Kejian , Li Rongbai 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Awn of rice is an important domestication trait closely associated with yield traits. Therefore, the identification of genes for awn development is of great significance for the elucidation of molecular mechanism of awn development and the genetic improvement of yield traits in rice.

Results
In this study, using chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) derived from a long-awned Guangxi common wild rice (GXCWR, Oryza rufipogon Griff.) and a short-awned indica cultivar 9311, we identified An-4, a potential quantitative trait locus (QTL) for awn development. Then, An-4 was fine mapped into a 56-kb region of chromosome 2, which contained four annotated genes. Among these four annotated genes, Os02g0594800 was concluded to be the potential candidate gene for An-4. An-4 exhibited pleiotropic effects on awn development and several yield traits. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed that An-4 significantly promoted awn development at Sp7 and Sp8 stage of spikelet development. Transcriptome analysis suggested that An-4 might influence the development of awn by regulating the expression of genes related to growth, developmental process, channel regulation and extracellular region. By contrast to those of 9311, the expression level of OsRR5 in CSSL128 was significantly down-regulated, whereas the expression levels of OsCKX2 and OsGA2ox5 in CSSL128 were significantly up-regulated. In addition, our study showed that An-4 had additive effects with other genes for awn development, such as An-1, An-2/LABA1 and An-3/GAD1/RAE2.

Conclusions
The identification of An-4 lays a foundation for cloning of An-4 and further elucidation of the molecular mechanism of awn development. Moreover, the identification of favorable allelic variation of An-4 from 9311 will be useful to improve rice yield traits.
Nutritional risk and nutritional status in hospitalized older adults living with HIV in Shenzhen, China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Liu Xiaoning , Cao Jing , Zhu Zheng , Zhao Xia , Zhou Jing , Deng Qiuxia , Zhang Liyuan , Wang Hui 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundNutrition is a crucial factor that can impact morbidity and mortality in older people living with HIV (PLWH). Studies on nutritional risk and nutritional status in all age groups in PLWH have been conducted. However, few studies have focused on nutritional risk in older PLWH. This study aimed to describe the nutritional risk and nutritional status in older PLWH, and explore factors associated with nutritional risk and undernutrition status.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study. We recruited participants aged 50 years or older from the Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen from January 2016 to May 2019. Nutritional risk and nutritional status were evaluated by the Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS 2002) tool, body mass index (BMI), albumin level, and prealbumin level on the first day of admission. Logistic regression models were used to identify the factors associated with undernutrition based on the BMI, albumin, and prealbumin criteria.ResultsA total of 196 older PLWH were included in the analysis. We found that 36% of hospitalized older PLWH had nutritional risk, and 12–56% of them had undernutrition based on the BMI, albumin, and prealbumin criteria. An increased nutritional risk score was associated with older age (β = 0.265 CI [0.021, 0.096],P = 0.002), a higher viral load (β = − 0.186 CI [− 0.620, − 0.037],P = 0.028), a lower BMI (β = − 0.287 CI [− 0.217, − 0.058],P = 0.001), and a lower albumin level (β = − 0.324 CI [− 8.896, − 1.230],P = 0.010). The CD4 count was associated with the prevalence of undernutrition based on the albumin criterion (OR = 15.637 CI [2.742, 89.178],P = 0.002).ConclusionOur study indicated that nutritional screening, assessment, and management should be routinely performed in hospitalized older PLWH. HIV-specific measures should be used to assess nutritional risk, and albumin, BMI, and other assessments should be used in combination to identify undernutrition in older PLWH.
The effectiveness of nifedipine/indomethacin combination therapy and nifedipine monotherapy for postponing preterm birth (25–34 weeks of gestation) in Sudanese women: a randomized clinical trial study protocol
Authors: Ibrahim Mohammed H. , Elfaki Tahani , Elhassan Elhassan M. , Abdelrahiem Somia K. , Adam Ishag 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Preterm birth is the most common cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Tocolytics are considered a standard treatment for women with threatened preterm delivery to allow time for maternal steroid administration and transfer to referral centers with neonatal intensive care units. However, there is controversy about the best tocolytic therapy to be considered as the first choice. The aim of this study is to compare the tocolytic effectiveness and tolerability of combination therapy with nifedipine and indomethacin versus nifedipine monotherapy among Sudanese women with preterm labor (PTL) as well as to compare the possible neonatal outcomes associated with each drug.

Methods/design
This is a randomized controlled clinical trial to be conducted in the Medani Maternity Hospital, Sudan. Women aged 18–40 years that are diagnosed with preterm labor and have a gestational age between 25 and 34 weeks will be eligible to participate in this trial. The diagnosis of threatened PTL is defined as persistent uterine contractions “(four contractions every 20 min or eight contractions every 60 min)” with cervical changes “(cervical effacement ≤80% or cervical dilatation >two cm)”. Patients will be eligible regardless of the presentation of the fetus. It will be randomly decided whether participants receive nifedipine/indomethacin combination therapy or nifedipine monotherapy. The primary outcome is the number of women who do not deliver and do not need alternative tocolytic drug (terbutaline). The secondary outcome is an estimated association with neonatal morbidity and mortality. The sample size will be 117 subjects in each arm of the study, according to a type I error of 0.05 and a study power of 80%.

Discussion
We expect higher effectiveness of the combination indomethacin/nifedipine tocolytic therapy compared with nifedipine monotherapy. We plan to suggest this combination therapy as the best option for postponing PTL.

Trial registration
Clinical trial registration: PACTR202004681537890, date of registration: March 8, 2020.
Prenatal diagnosis of a novel pathogenic variation in the ACAN gene presenting with isolated shortening of fetal long bones in the second trimester of gestation: a case report
Authors: Toscano Paolo , Di Meglio Lavinia , Lonardo Fortunato , Di Meglio Letizia , Mazzarelli Laura Letizia , Sica Carmine , Di Meglio Aniello 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Heterozygous mutations of the ACAN gene are a major cause of different evolutive growth defects in the pediatric population, but were never described as a cause of fetal skeletal dysplasia.

Case presentation
A G1 at 21w + 3d came to our institution for the second-trimester ultrasound and a skeletal dysplasia with prevalent involvement of limb’s rhizomelic tracts was suspected. Amniocentesis followed by CGH-array was performed, with normal results. An examination by NGS of some genes associated with skeletal dysplasias showed a novel pathogenic variant of the ACAN gene: c.2677delG.

Conclusion
Sequence variations of ACAN were never described as a possible cause of fetal skeletal anomalies to date. In this case report, we describe the first prenatal diagnosis of skeletal dysplasia associated with a pathogenic variant of ACAN.
Prognostic nomogram for hepatocellular carcinoma with radiofrequency ablation: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Lu Zhenhua , Sun Zhen , Liu Chengyu , Shi Xiaolei , Li Rui , Shao Weiwei , Zheng Yangyang , Li Yao , Song Jinghai 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is an effective treatment option for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aimed to analyze the prognostic factors of HCC patients treated with RFA and to develop nomograms for outcome prediction.

Methods
A total of 3142 HCC patients treated with RFA were recruited, and their data were collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Univariate and multifactor Cox analyses were performed to identify independent prognostic factors. These factors were integrated into a nomogram to predict 3- and 5-year cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS). Consistency indices and calibration plots were used to assess the accuracy of the nomograms in both the internal and external cohorts.

Results
The median follow-up periods for HCC patients treated with RFA were 27 and 29 months for OS and CSS, respectively. Marital status, age, race, histological grade of differentiation, tumor size, T stage, and serum alpha-fetoprotein levels at the time of diagnosis were identified as prognostic factors for OS and CSS. Additionally, M stage was identified as risk factors for OS. These risk factors are included in the nomogram. The calibration plots of the OS and CSS nomograms showed excellent consistency between actual survival and nomogram predictions. The bootstrap-corrected concordance indices of the OS and CSS nomograms were 0.637 (95% CI, 0.628–0.646) and 0.670 (95% 0.661–0.679), respectively. Importantly, our nomogram performed better discriminatory compared with 8th edition tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage system for predicting OS and CSS.

Conclusions
We identified prognostic factors for HCC patients treated with RFA and provided an accurate and personalized survival prediction scheme.
Influence of preoperative corticosteroid treatment on rate of diagnostic surgeries in primary central nervous system lymphoma: a multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Scheichel Florian , Marhold Franz , Pinggera Daniel , Kiesel Barbara , Rossmann Tobias , Popadic Branko , Woehrer Adelheid , Weber Michael , Kitzwoegerer Melitta , Geissler Klaus , Dopita Astrid , Oberndorfer Stefan , Pfisterer Wolfgang , Freyschlag Christian F. , Widhalm Georg , Ungersboeck Karl , Roessler Karl 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Corticosteroid therapy (CST) prior to biopsy may hinder histopathological diagnosis in primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). Therefore, preoperative CST in patients with suspected PCNSL should be avoided if clinically possible. The aim of this study was thus to analyze the difference in the rate of diagnostic surgeries in PCNSL patients with and without preoperative CST.

Methods
A multicenter retrospective study including all immunocompetent patients diagnosed with PCNSL between 1/2004 and 9/2018 at four neurosurgical centers in Austria was conducted and the results were compared to literature.

Results
A total of 143 patients were included in this study. All patients showed visible contrast enhancement on preoperative MRI. There was no statistically significant difference in the rate of diagnostic surgeries with and without preoperative CST with 97.1% (68/70) and 97.3% (71/73), respectively (p = 1.0). Tapering and pause of CST did not influence the diagnostic rate. Including our study, there are 788 PCNSL patients described in literature with an odds ratio for inconclusive surgeries after CST of 3.3 (CI 1.7–6.4).

Conclusions
Preoperative CST should be avoided as it seems to diminish the diagnostic rate of biopsy in PCNSL patients. Yet, if CST has been administered preoperatively and there is still a contrast enhancing lesion to target for biopsy, surgeons should try to keep the diagnostic delay to a minimum as the likelihood for acquiring diagnostic tissue seems sufficiently high.
Seasonal sensitivity and psychiatric morbidity: study about seasonal affective disorder
Authors: Fonte Aníbal , Coutinho Bruno 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundSeasonal Affective Disorder is a recurrent depressive disorder which usually begins in the fall/winter and enters into remission in the spring/summer, although in some cases may occur in the summer with remission in the autumn-winter. In this study the authors evaluated the association between seasonal changes in mood and behavior with psychiatric disturbance.MethodDescriptive, cross-sectional study. Participants, students attending higher education and vocational courses (N = 324), were evaluated with the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire (SPAQ) and the Screening Scale for Mental Health (ER80).ResultsAmong the respondents, 12.7% showed seasonal affective disorder (SAD), 29.0% showed subsyndromal seasonal affective disorder (s-SAD) and 58.3% did not show significant seasonal affective symptomatology. As for psychiatric morbidity, 36.6% of subjects with SAD and 13.8% of those with s-SAD were considered “psychiatric cases” whereas for subjects without SAD this value was only 3.2%.ConclusionsThere is a statistically significant association between psychiatric morbidity and seasonal affective disorder. This association corroborates the importance of the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire in screening for seasonal fluctuations in mood and behavior related disorders, and the clinical need for recognition of these conditions, particularly associated suffering and disabilities.
Telemedical care and quality of life in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: results of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Stentzel Ulrike , van den Berg Neeltje , Moon Kilson , Schulze Lara N. , Schulte Josephine , Langosch Jens M. , Hoffmann Wolfgang , Grabe Hans J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundSchizophrenia and bipolar disorder are serious psychiatric disorders with a high disease burden, a high number of years of life lived with disability and a high risk for relapses and re-hospitalizations. Besides, both diseases are often accompanied with a reduced quality of life (QoL). A low level of quality of life is one predictor for relapses. This study examines whether a telemedical care program can improve QoL.MethodsPost stationarytelemedicalcare of patients with severe psychiatric disorders” (Tecla) is a prospective controlled randomized intervention trial to implement and evaluate a telemedical care concept for patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Participants were randomized to an intervention or a control group. The intervention group received telemedical care including regular, individualized telephone calls and SMS-messages. QoL was measured with the German version of the WHOQOL-BREF. Effects of telemedicine on QoL after 6 months and treatment*time interactions were calculated using linear regressions (GLM and linear mixed models).ResultsOne hundred eighteen participants were recruited, thereof 57.6% men (n = 68). Participants were on average 43 years old (SD 13). The treatment*time interaction was not significant. Hence, treatment had no significant effect either. Instead, gender is an influencing factor. Further analysis showed that social support, the GAF-level and QoL-values at baselines were significant determinants for the improvement of QoL.ConclusionThe telemedicine care concept Tecla was not significant for QoL in patients with severe psychiatric disorders. More important for the QoL is the general social support and the level of global functioning of the patients.Trial registrationGerman Clinical Trials Register, DRKS00008548, registered 21 May 2015 – retrospectively registered,https://www.drks.de/drks_web/setLocale_EN.do