bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathological findings in organs and tissues of patients with COVID-19: A systematic review
Authors: Peiris Sasha , Mesa Hector , Aysola Agnes , Manivel Juan , Toledo Joao , Borges-Sa Marcio , Aldighieri Sylvain , Reveiz Ludovic 
Published: April 2021

Background
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is the pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 that has caused more than 2.2 million deaths worldwide. We summarize the reported pathologic findings on biopsy and autopsy in patients with severe/fatal COVID-19 and documented the presence and/or effect of SARS-CoV-2 in all organs.

Methods and findings
A systematic search of the PubMed, Embase, MedRxiv, Lilacs and Epistemonikos databases from January to August 2020 for all case reports and case series that reported histopathologic findings of COVID-19 infection at autopsy or tissue biopsy was performed. 603 COVID-19 cases from 75 of 451 screened studies met inclusion criteria. The most common pathologic findings were lungs: diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) (92%) and superimposed acute bronchopneumonia (27%); liver: hepatitis (21%), heart: myocarditis (11.4%). Vasculitis was common only in skin biopsies (25%). Microthrombi were described in the placenta (57.9%), lung (38%), kidney (20%), Central Nervous System (CNS) (18%), and gastrointestinal (GI) tract (2%). Injury of endothelial cells was common in the lung (18%) and heart (4%). Hemodynamic changes such as necrosis due to hypoxia/hypoperfusion, edema and congestion were common in kidney (53%), liver (48%), CNS (31%) and GI tract (18%). SARS-CoV-2 viral particles were demonstrated within organ-specific cells in the trachea, lung, liver, large intestine, kidney, CNS either by electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, or immunohistochemistry. Additional tissues were positive by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) tests only. The included studies were from numerous countries, some were not peer reviewed, and some studies were performed by subspecialists, resulting in variable and inconsistent reporting or over statement of the reported findings.

Conclusions
The main pathologic findings of severe/fatal COVID-19 infection are DAD, changes related to coagulopathy and/or hemodynamic compromise. In addition, according to the observed organ damage myocarditis may be associated with sequelae.
Potential impact of introducing vaccines against COVID-19 under supply and uptake constraints in France: A modelling study
Authors: Coudeville Laurent , Jollivet Ombeline , Mahé Cedric , Chaves Sandra , Gomez Gabriela B. 
Published: April 2021

Background
The accelerated vaccine development in response to the COVID-19 pandemic should lead to a vaccine being available early 2021, albeit in limited supply and possibly without full vaccine acceptance. We assessed the short-term impact of a COVID-19 immunization program with varying constraints on population health and non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) needs.

Methods
A SARS-CoV-2 transmission model was calibrated to French epidemiological data. We defined several vaccine implementation scenarios starting in January 2021 based on timing of discontinuation of NPIs, supply and uptake constraints, and their relaxation. We assessed the number of COVID-19 hospitalizations averted, the need for and number of days with NPIs in place over the 2021–2022 period.

Results
An immunisation program under constraints could reduce the burden of COVID-19 hospitalizations by 9–40% if the vaccine prevents against infections. Relaxation of constraints not only reduces further COVID-19 hospitalizations (30–39% incremental reduction), it also allows for NPIs to be discontinued post-2021 (0 days with NPIs in 2022 versus 11 to 125 days for vaccination programs under constraints and 327 in the absence of vaccination).

Conclusion
For 2021, COVID-19 control is expected to rely on a combination of NPIs and the outcome of early immunisation programs. The ability to overcome supply and uptake constraints will help prevent the need for further NPIs post-2021. As the programs expand, efficiency assessments will be needed to ensure optimisation of control policies post-emergency use.
Kiai dan Strukturasi Kekuasaan di Pandeglang, Banten
Authors: Hikmawan M. Dian , Godjali M. Rizky , Indriyany Ika Arinia 
Published: April 2021

Posisi Kiai dianggap merupakan salah satu kunci penting dalam memahami struktur masyarakat Indonesia. Pada penelitian ini Kiai dilihat sebagai subjek politik dari agensi dan struturasi kekuasaan di Pandeglang. Kharisma dan ketokohan Kiai mampu membuat struktur baru dalam kekuasaan daerah. Keterlibatannya dalam urusan publik membuatnya menjadi agen baru dalam wacana isu publik. Dengan analisis yang lebih ditekankan pada aspek kultural untuk melihat fungsi sosial politik yang diperankan oleh Kiai, penelitian ini menjadi hal yang sangat menarik untuk ditinjau lebih jauh. Dengan metode kualitatif dan pendekatan fenomenologi hermeneutik, penelitian ini mengungkapkan banyak makna dalam melihat struktur kekuasaan yang ada dan memberikan pemaknaan baru dalam melihat relasi kekuasan dalam politik lokal. Maka dari itu, penelitian ini memberikan gambaran lainnya bahwa ditengah maraknya kekuasaan politik lokal yang dipenuhi dengan oligarki, hasil riset ini menawarkan jalan baru dalam sebuah struktur kekuasaan melalui agensi yang mampu mendorong struktur kekuasaan agar membawa wacana-wacana publik ke permukaan.
Conceptual comparison of the ecogeography-based algorithm, equilibrium algorithm, marine predators algorithm and slime mold algorithm for optimal product design
Authors: Yıldız Betül Sultan , Patel Vivek , Pholdee Nantiwat , Sait Sadiq M. , Bureerat Sujin , Yıldız Ali Rıza 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Vehicle component design is crucial for developing a vehicle prototype, as optimum parts can lead to cost reduction and performance enhancement of the vehicle system. The use of metaheuristics for vehicle component optimization has been commonplace due to several advantages: robustness and simplicity. This paper aims to demonstrate the shape design of a vehicle bracket by using a newly invented metaheuristic. The new optimizer is termed the ecogeography-based optimization algorithm (EBO). This is arguably the first vehicle design application of the new optimizer. The optimization problem is posed while EBO is implemented to solve the problem. It is found that the design results obtained from EBO are better when compared to other optimizers such as the equilibrium optimization algorithm, marine predators algorithm, slime mold algorithm.
Surface modification of a magnesium alloy by electrical discharge coating with a powder metallurgy electrode
Authors: Elaiyarasan Uthirapathi , Satheeshkumar Vinaitheerthan , Senthilkumar Chinnamuthu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The present paper elucidates an experimental study on the surface modification of a ZE41 A magnesium alloy by electrical discharge coating (EDC) process with a tungsten carbide-copper (WC-Cu) powder metallurgy (PM) electrode. Investigated EDC parameters were compaction load, current and pulse on time. Measurement of coating characteristics such as material transfer rate (MTR) and surface roughness (Ra) were undertaken on the coated workpiece. As the design of experiment, response surface methodology was applied and analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was completed to study the influence of process parameters. Mathematical models were developed for coating characteristics to optimize the parameters. In this study, the reliability of the regression model is considered satisfactory with a value larger than 99 %. It was found from the study that the current plays a vital role in increasing the material transfer rate and minimizing the surface roughness of the coated surface followed by compaction load and pulse on time. Various studies such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were carried out to determine the characteristics of the coated layer. These analyses confirmed the presence of the electrode materials in the coated surface.
UYKU VE UYANIKLIK BRUKSİZMİ OLAN BİREYLERDE UYKU KALİTESİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI
Authors: TINASTEPE Neslihan , İŞCAN İpek 
Published: April 2021

Amaç:

Bruksizmin
birçok uyku bozukluğu ile ilişkili olabileceği düşünülmektedir. Ancak bruksizmi
olanlarda uyku kalitesi hakkında çok az bilgi bulunmaktadır. Bu araştırmanın amacı
uyku ve uyanıklık bruksizmi bulunan bireylerde uyku kalitesinin araştırılmasıdır.

Gereç ve yöntemler:

Çalışma yaşları 18 ile 35 arasında
değişmekte olan, 351’i (%60) kadın ve 234’ü (%40) erkek olmak üzere toplam 585
dişhekimliği fakültesi öğrencisi ile yapıldı. Uyku bruksizmi tanısında Amerika
Uyku Tıbbı Birliği (AUTB) tanı
kriterleri kullanıldı. Uyanıklık bruksizmi varlığı öğrencilere yöneltilen son 1
ay içerisindeki diş gıcırdatma farkındalıklarına yönelik soru ile
belirlendi.Öğrencilerin uyku kalitesi belirlenirken Pittsburgh Uyku Kalitesi
İndeksi (PUKİ), gündüz uykululuk derecesi belirlenirken EPWORTH uykululuk
ölçeği (EUÖ) kullanıldı.

İstatistiksel analizler için IBM SPSS
Statistics 22 (IBM SPSS, Türkiye) programı kullanıldı. Çalışma verileri
değerlendirilirken tanımlayıcı istatistiksel metodların (Ortalama, Standart
sapma, frekans) yanı sıra Mann Whitney U, Ki-Kare testi kullanıldı. Anlamlılık
p&lt;0.05 düzeyinde değerlendirildi.

Bulgular:

Ki-kare testinin sonuçları, uyku ve
uyanıklık bruksizmi olan öğrencilerle olmayanlar arasında uyku kalitesi
açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark olmadığını gösterdi. (p˃0.05)
Uyku bruksizmi olan öğrencilerde gündüz aşırı uykululuk görülme oranı (%46.4),
uyku bruksizmi olmayan öğrencilerden (%37.2) istatistiksel olarak anlamlı
düzeyde yüksek bulundu.(p:0.027; p&lt;0.05).

Sonuç:
Bruksizmi olan öğrenciler ile olmayanlar arasında uyku kalitesi açısından
farklılık bulunmazken, uyku kalitesi bileşenlerinde bazı farklılıklar vardır.

Anahtar
kelimeler: uyku bruksizmi, uyanıklık bruksizmi, uyku kalitesi,
parafonksiyon
DENTOALVEOLAR TRAVMA SONUCUNDA OLUŞAN ÖN DİŞ KRON KIRIKLARININ DİŞİN KIRIK PARÇASININ YENİDEN YAPIŞTIRILMASI TEKNİĞİ İLE TEDAVİSİ: DERLEME
Authors: ŞERMET ELBAY Ülkü , ELBAY Mesut , UÇAR Gül 
Published: April 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, ön dişlerde meydana gelen kron kırıklarının tedavisinde,
kırık fragmanın reataçmanı yöntemi kullanılması ile ilişkili olarak yayınlanmış
teknikler, uygulamalar ve materyalleri inceleyen literatürün derlenmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Pubmed, Google Scholar,
LILACS, Web of Science ve Scopus veritabanlarında ‘dental trauma’, ‘fragment reattachment techniques’, fracture strength’,’ storage medium’,
‘laser etching’, ‘dentin-bonding agent’, ‘composite resin’ anahtar kelimeleri
kullanılarak yapılan tarama sonucunda, reataçman tekniği ile ilişkili 314 adet
makaleye ulaşılmıştır. Araştırmaya klinik ve laboratuar çalışmaları dahil
edilirken, olgu raporları, derlemeler, özetler ve yayınlanmamış bildiriler dahil
edilmemiştir. Çalışmaya dahil edilen yayınlar, 2 araştırmacı tarafından
ayrıntılı olarak gözden geçirilmiş ve veriler mevcut literatür taraması için
değerlendirilmiştir.Bulgular: Bu derlemede kriterlere uygun olan 35 in-vitro araştırma, 1 adet hem
klinik hem de laboratuar testleri içeren araştırma ve 1 adet klinik
araştırmadan oluşan 37 adet makale incelenmiştir. İncelenen çalışmaların
sınırları dahilinde, kırık parçanın taşıma ortamı, kırık parça yapıştırılırken
kullanılan materyaller ve aşındırma yöntemleri değerlendirildiğinde, sağlam
dişlere benzer kırılma dayanımına sahip dişlerin elde edildiği tespit
edilmiştir.Sonuçlar: Estetik olarak
hasta ve ebeveynlerin memnuniyet oranlarının yüksek olması ile birlikte, klinik
ve radyografik durum değerlendirmesinin birlikte yapıldığı uzun dönem
sonuçların verildiği prospektif çalışma sayısının sınırlı olduğu tespit
edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: dental travma, ‘kırık parçanın yeniden yapıştırılması’, ‘kırılma
dayanımı’, ‘depolama ortamı’, ‘dentin-bonding ajanı’
Farklı Periodontal Hastalık Tiplerinde Tükürük ve Dişeti Oluğu Sıvısı Developmental Endothelial Locus-1 (Del-1) ve Lymphocytw function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) Seviyelerinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: MUTAFCİLAR Emine , KAYIS Seyit , HAKKI Sema 
Published: April 2021

Amaç: Bu
çalışmanın amacı; farklı yıkım paterni gösteren periodontal hastalığa sahip
bireylerde nötrofil adezyon yolağının sıkı adezyon basamağında düzenleyici
sitokinler olan Developmental Endothelial
Locus-1(Del-1) ve Lymphocyte
function-associated antigen-1(LFA-1) tükürük ve dişeti oluğu sıvısı
seviyelerinin değerlendirilmesidir.Gereç ve Yöntemler:Selçuk
Üniversitesi, Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Periodontoloji Anabilim Dalı’na başvuran
sağlıklı ve sigara içmeyen 42 birey çalışmaya dahil edildi. Klinik ve
radyolojik muayene sonucu Grade B periodontitis(n=23) ve Grade C
periodontitis (n=19) grubuna dahil edilen bireylerin sondlama cep
derinliği(SCD), klinik ataçman seviyesi(KAS), plak indeks(Pİ), gingival
indeks(Gİ), sondlamada kanama yüzdesi(SKY) gibi klinik kayıtlarının alınmasını
takiben tükürük ve dişeti oluğu sıvısı(DOS) örnekleri toplandı. Del-1 ve LFA-1
sitokin seviyeleri ELISA yöntemi ile değerlendirildi. İstatistiksel analiz için
gruplar arası karşılaştırmalarda Mann-Whitney U testi kullanıldı.p&lt;0.05
istatistiksel anlamlılık düzeyi olarak belirlendi.Bulgular::Klinik parametreler değerlendirildiğinde; SCD, Pİ ve SKY değerleri
anlamlı şekilde, KAS ve Gİ değerlerinin anlamlı olmaksızın Grade C periodontitis
grubunda yüksek olduğu görüldü.ELISA analizleri sonucu LFA-1 ve Del-1 tükürük
ve DOS seviyelerinde gruplar arasında anlamlı fark izlenmedi.Proenflamatuvar LFA-1
tükürük ve DOS seviyelerinin, görece daha şiddetli periodontal hastalığa sahip
bireylerin bulunduğu Grade C grubunda daha yüksek olma eğiliminde olduğu
görüldü.LFA-1 antogonisti olarak bilinen Del-1 tükürük seviyelerinin Grade
B grubunda, DOS Del-1 seviyelerinin ise Grade C grubunda yüksek olma
eğilimi olduğu tespit edildi.Sonuçlar:Bu çalışma ile, nötrofillerin transendotelyal
migrasyonunda rol oynayan Del-1 ve LFA-1 sitokin düzeylerinin periodontal
hastalık şiddeti ile ilgili bilgi verebileceği ancak bu sitokinlerin
periodontal hastalıktaki rollerinin kesin olarak belirlenebilmeleri için ileri
çalışmalara ihtiyaç olduğu görülmektedir.Anahtar Kelimeler:Dişeti
Oluğu Sıvısı,Periodontitis, Sitokin, Tükürük
A Health-Literacy Intervention for Early Childhood Obesity Prevention: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Sanders Lee M. , Perrin Eliana M. , Yin H. Shonna , Delamater Alan M. , Flower Kori B. , Bian Aihua , Schildcrout Jonathan S. , Rothman Russell L. ,   Greenlight Study Team
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Children who become overweight by age 2 have greater risk of long-term obesity and health problems. The study aim was to assess the effectiveness of a primary care–based intervention on the prevalence of overweight at age 24 months.METHODS:In a cluster-randomized trial, sites were randomly assigned to the Greenlight intervention or an attention-control arm. Across 4 pediatric residency clinics, we enrolled infant–caregiver dyads at the 2-month well-child visit. Inclusion criteria included parent English- or Spanish-speaking and birth weight ≥1500 g. Designed with health-literacy principles, the intervention included a parent toolkit at each well-child visit, augmented by provider training in clear-health communication. The primary outcome was proportion of children overweight (BMI ≥85th percentile) at age 24 months. Secondary outcomes included weight status (BMI z score).RESULTS:A total of 459 intervention and 406 control dyads were enrolled. In total, 49% of all children were overweight at 24 months. Adjusted odds for overweight at 24 months (treatment versus control) was 1.02 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.63 to 1.64). Adjusted mean BMI z score differences (treatment minus control) were −0.04 (95% CI: −0.07 to −0.01), −0.09 (95% CI: −0.14 to −0.03), −0.19 (−0.33 to −0.05), −0.20 (−0.36 to −0.03), −0.16 (95% CI: −0.34 to 0.01), and 0.00 (95% CI −0.21 to 0.21) at 4, 6, 12, 15, 18, and 24 months, respectively.CONCLUSIONS:The intervention resulted in less weight gain through age 18 months, which was not sustained through 24 months. Clinic-based interventions may be beneficial for early weight gain, but greater intervention intensity may be needed to maintain positive effects.
Two new species of Octomeria (Pleurothallidinae) from Cordillera del Cóndor, Zamora Chichinpe, Ecuador
Authors: Vélez-Abarca Leisberth , Jiménez Marco M. , Baquero Luis E. 
Published: April 2021

Two new species of orchids, Octomeria pacii, and O. panguiensis are described and illustrated from Cordillera del Cóndor, Ecuador; likewise, information is provided on their distribution, habitat, and conservation status. These species differ from other species in the genus by their floral and vegetative characteristics and their apparent reproductive strategy of cleistogamy. Octomeria pacii is similar to Octomeria deceptrix, but differs in the caespitose habit, the ramicauls compressed along their entire length, the narrowly elliptical leaves, the autogamous flowers, the translucent white sepals suffused with magenta and the obovate, white lip, marked with magenta. Octomeria panguiensisis similar to O. werneri, but differs by the larger, shortly repent plants with lanceolate leaves, the cleistogamous flowers, the translucent white-colored sepals, the 5-veined lateral sepals and the oblong-trilobed lip with the apical lobe tridentate
Keywords: self-compatibility, self-pollination, cleistogamy, Octomeria deceptrix, Octomeria werneri
Contrasting metamorphic and post-metamorphic evolutions within the Algyő basement high (Tisza Mega-unit, SE Hungary). Consequences for structural history
Authors: Kondor Henrietta , M Tóth Tivadar 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe Algyő High (AH) is an elevated crystalline block in southeastern Hungary covered by thick Neogene sediments. Although productive hydrocarbon reservoirs are found in these Neogene sequences, numerous fractured reservoirs also occur in the pre-Neogene basement of the Pannonian Basin. Based on these analogies, the rock body of the AH might also play a key role in fluid storage and migration; however, its structure and therefore the reservoir potential is little known. Based on a comprehensive petrologic study in conjunction with analysis of the spatial position of the major lithologies, the AH is considered to have been assembled from blocks with different petrographic features and metamorphic history. The most common lithologies of garnet-kyanite gneiss and mica schist associated with garnetiferous amphibolite are dominant in the northwestern and southeastern parts of the AH. The first regional amphibolite facies metamorphism of the gneiss and mica schist was overprinted by a contact metamorphic (metasomatic) event during decompression in the stability field of kyanite. Garnet-bearing amphibolite experienced amphibolite facies peak conditions comparable with the host gneiss. Regarding the similarities in petrologic features, the northwestern and southeastern parts of the area represent disaggregated blocks of the same rock body. The central part of the AH area is characterized by an epidote gneiss-dominated block metamorphosed along with a greenschist-facies retrograde pathway as well as a chlorite schist-dominated block formed by greenschist-facies progressive metamorphism. The independent evolution of these two blocks is further confirmed by the presence of a propylitic overprint in the chlorite schists. The different metamorphic blocks of the northwestern, southeastern and central parts of the AH probably became juxtaposed along post-metamorphic normal faults developed due to extensional processes. The supposed brittle structural boundaries between the blocks could have provided hydrocarbon migration pathways from the adjacent over-pressured sub-basins, or could even represent suitable reservoirs.
A Controlled Trial of Combined Therapy for Newly Diagnosed Severe Childhood IgA Nephropathy
Authors: YOSHIKAWA NORISHIGE , ITO HIROSHI , SAKAI TADASU , TAKEKOSHI YASUO , HONDA MASATAKA , AWAZU MIDORI , ITO KATSUMI , IITAKA KIKUO , KOITABASHI YASUSHI , YAMAOKA KANJI , NAKAGAWA KIMIKO , NAKAMURA HAJIME , MATSUYAMA SOUICHIROU , SEINO YOSHIKI , TAKEDA NOBUAKI , HATTORI SHINZABUROU , NINOMIYA MAKOTO 
Published: April 2021

Abstract.
The most appropriate treatment for patients with IgA nephropathy is controversial. Treatment with prednisolone, azathioprine, heparin-warfarin, and dipyridamole early in the course of disease may prevent immunologic renal injury in children with severe IgA nephropathy. To determine whether similar results can be obtained with a combination of just heparin-warfarin and dipyridamole, the effects of such treatment were compared to those of treatment with prednisolone, azathioprine, heparin-warfarin, and dipyridamole in 78 children with newly diagnosed IgA nephropathy showing diffuse mesangial proliferation. The patients were randomly assigned to receive either prednisolone, azathioprine, heparin-warfarin, and dipyridamole for 2 yr (group 1) or heparin-warfarin and dipyridamole for 2 yr (group 2). All of the 40 patients in group 1 and 34 of the 38 patients in group 2 completed the trial. The mean urinary protein excretion fell in group 1 patients (P < 0.0001), but remained unchanged in group 2 patients. The mean serum IgA concentration was reduced in group 1 patients (P = 0.0002), but was unchanged in group 2 patients. BP and creatinine clearance were normal at the end of the trial in all but one group 2 patient, who developed chronic renal insufficiency. The percentage of glomeruli showing sclerosis was unchanged in group 1 patients, but increased in group 2 patients (P = 0.006). The intensity of mesangial IgA deposits decreased in group 1 patients (P = 0.02), but remained unchanged in group 2 patients. In conclusion, the present study shows that treatment of children with severe IgA nephropathy with prednisolone, azathioprine, heparin-warfarin, and dipyridamole for 2 yr early in the course of disease reduces immunologic renal injury and prevents increase of sclerosed glomeruli.