bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Protective Role of PGC‐1α in Cystitis Glandularis: Mitigating Mitochondrial Injury and Inflammation
Authors: Chen Min , Tang Yongbo , Fu Yue , Hu Haiwei , Cui Ende , Wen Zhouliang , Zhong Wei , Su Jimin , Ge Bo 
Published: December 2024

Background: Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐gamma coactivator‐1α (PGC‐1α), a regulator of mitochondrial function, plays a critical role in inflammation and may be involved in cystitis glandularis (CG) development.Methods: LPS was administered to establish a CG model in female Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats and to induce cellular injury in the human urothelial cell line SV‐HUC‐1. Subsequently, to elucidate the role of PGC‐1α signaling in CG, both the animal and cellular models were treated with ZLN005, a specific activator of PGC‐1α. Cell viability was assessed using the cell‐counting kit‐8 (CCK8) assay. Mitochondrial damage was quantified by measuring reactive oxygen species (ROS), assessing mitochondrial membrane potential, and examining mitochondrial ultrastructure via transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were utilized to determine the levels of inflammatory cytokines, namely, IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α. Furthermore, the protein expression of silent information regulation 1 (SIRT1), PGC‐1α, mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1), and nuclear respiratory factor 2 (NRF2) was evaluated using immunohistochemistry and/or Western blot analysis.Results: LPS‐treated rat bladder exhibited histological characteristics of CG, including increased urothelial proliferation and inflammation. PGC‐1α protein levels were downregulated in human CG tissues, LPS‐treated rat bladders, and SV‐HUC‐1 cells. Mitochondrial damage was observed in both rat CG and LPS‐irritated cells with elevated ROS and diminished mitochondrial membrane potential. TEM documented mitochondrial morphological injury of the urothelium in rat CG. ZLN005 attenuated LPS‐induced epithelial hyperplasia and inflammatory cytokine secretion in the rat CG model. Furthermore, ZLN005 partially reversed LPS‐induced mitochondrial damage, as indicated by reduced ROS levels, restored mitochondrial membrane potential, and mitigated mitochondrial morphological injury in both rat CG and LPS‐stimulated cells. In addition, ZLN005 restored the expression of PGC‐1α and its associated signaling proteins SIRT1, TFAM, NRF1, and NRF2.Conclusions: The downregulation of PGC‐1α suggests its potential as a molecular marker for the progression of CG. Targeting the PGC‐1α signaling pathway may offer an effective therapeutic intervention for the clinical management of CG.
Effects of Different Forms of Anthocyanins on the Growth Inhibition and Gene Expression of Colorectal Cancer Cells
Authors: Liu Weidong , Feng Siting , He Dou , Liu Pei , Guo Jian , Chen Xinyu , Hu Chenghao , Gao Fei , Ren Shuqiang 
Published: December 2024

Scope: Anthocyanins obtained from the diet have therapeutic potential for various cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Given the diverse forms of anthocyanins, it is unclear whether different types of anthocyanins share common pathways in regulating intestinal cell function. This study aims to explore the core gene pathways modulated by anthocyanins in intestinal cells and to identify potential compounds with similar therapeutic effects.Methods and Results: Three different forms of anthocyanins (cyanidin chloride, cyanidin 3‐O‐glucoside, and cyanidin 3‐O‐rutinoside) were used to treat CRC cells at different concentrations and time points, and growth inhibition was observed for all anthocyanins, with varying patterns. RNA‐seq analysis showed that the regulatory pathways of anthocyanins with different structures were different, and the time factor had a greater effect. Time‐series analysis of regulatory genes shared among different concentrations and structures of anthocyanins was performed. By overlapping with a public PPAR target gene set, a core gene set across three types of anthocyanins was identified and used in Connectivity Map (CMap) analysis to screen for compounds. The repositioned drug candidates included known anticancer drugs that have effects of transcriptome interventions like anthocyanins.Conclusion: These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms that underlie the anti‐CRC effects of anthocyanins and may facilitate the development of novel therapeutic agents for CRC.
Psychometric Properties of Older Adults’ Entomophobia and Arachnophobia Scale (OAEAS): Validating, Cutoff Points, IRT Analysis, and Its Measurement Invariance in Iranian Version
Authors: Nasrabadi Mahsa , Kashfi Seyyed Mansour , Soltani Aboozar , Ahmad Siti Anom Binti , Asadollahi Abdolrahim 
Published: December 2024

Objectives: Experiencing the fear of insects or other arthropods is more challenging for older adults than encountering insects themselves. The aim of this study is to measure this feeling in the Older Adults’ Entomophobia and Arachnophobia Scale (OAEAS) in the aging community of Iran.Materials and Methods: In a psychometric study, translation and validation of OAEAS (short version) have been done among a sample of 450 Persian‐speaking older participants with mean score of years old 70.2 (SD = 8.3) (female = 61.4% and male = 38.6%). In the midyear of 2021, psychometric features of the OAEAS and its cutoff points for measuring fear of insects or other arthropods were investigated among Iranian older population. Using EFA and CFA, the extracted models, that is, PCA, GLS, and ML and also, test‐retest reliability, ROC analysis, and convergent validity were also assessed. The polytomous Rasch model for all items has been prepared alongside extracted marginal maximum likelihood estimation (MMLE) and PCM model.Results: About 55.9% were married, 34.4% lived alone, and 65.6% did not live alone. Approximately 89.5% of the participants experienced insect bites in childhood, and 60% did not have pets at home. A total of 28.2% of the participants reported fear of flying insects or other arthropods, while 21.8% feared nonflying arthropods. Using EFA and CFA, it was indicated to internal consistency, accuracy, structural reliability, and convergent validity under 2 factors named entomophobia and entomophilia with eigenvalues close to once. The fit indices (mean indices ≥ 0.8) were the best for the 2‐factor model with RMSEA = 0.04 (p ≤ 0.01). In the final analysis of the IRT method, two items (16 and 20) were removed from the OAEAS. The results of ROC analysis showed that the OAEAS has sufficient diagnostic validity to classify different groups.Discussion: The new version of OAEAS 18‐items is a valid and reliable tool for assessing fear of insects or other arthropods in Iranian community‐dwelling older adults. The possible uses and limitations of the Iranian version of the scale were also discussed.
Avifaunal diversity and conservation significance of coastal ecosystems on Rameswaram Island, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: H. Byju  , H. Maitreyi  , S. Ravichandran  , N. Raveendran  
Published: December 2024

Biodiversity-rich areas tied to heritage, religious tourism, and ecotourism, often face changes to their landscapes due to infrastructure development. Such activities may threaten the species survival and disrupt the delicate ecosystems in these regions. Hence it becomes imperative to build up baseline species data from such areas for biodiversity conservation and management interventions. Towards achieving this objective, avifaunal inventories were documented from Kothandaramar Lagoon, Dhanushkodi Lagoon, and the Arichalmunai beach in Rameswaram Island, Ramanathapuram District, Tamil Nadu, which is an important site for winter migrants. A total of 147 avian species belonging to 17 orders and 45 families from August 2021 to July 2023 were recorded. Order-wise, Charadriiformes (52 species) dominated the area, followed by Passeriformes (27 species) and Pelecaniformes (21 species). According to the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 11 ‘Near Threatened’, three ‘Vulnerable’, two ‘Endangered’ (Great Knot Calidris tenuirostris and Siberian Sandplover Anarhynchus mongolus), and one unassessed species (Hanuman Plover Charadrius seebohmi) were recorded. The relative abundance based on the frequency of observations indicated that 61% (90 species) were common, 22% (32 species) were uncommon, and 17% (25 species) were rare. Winter visitors constituted 42% (62 species) and one was a passage migrant (Rosy Starling Pastor roseus). Coastal lagoons of this region comprise diverse habitats that play a vital role for birds, which provide places for nesting, roosting, and foraging. This baseline data emphasizes the importance of Dhanushkodi Lagoon along with adjacent areas as an important wintering site on the southeastern coast of India for migratory shorebirds as well as highlights the importance of adjoining small forested patches thus required to be declared as a protected area.
Genetic Variants Associated With Preeclampsia and Maternal Serum sFLT1 Levels
Authors: Mack Jasmine A. , Sovio Ulla , Day Felix R. , Gaccioli Francesca , Cook Emma , Bayzid Nadua , Cotic Marius , Dunton Nathan , Madhan Gaganjit , Motsinger-Reif Alison , Perry John R.B. , Charnock-Jones D. Stephen , Smith Gordon C.S. 
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND:
Elevated maternal serum sFLT1 (soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1) has a key role in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia. We sought to determine the relationship between the maternal and fetal genome and maternal levels of sFLT1 at 12, 20, 28, and 36 weeks of gestational age (wkGA).

METHODS:

We studied a prospective cohort of nulliparous women (3968 mother-child pairs). We related maternal and fetal genotype to the adjusted sFLT1
Z
score and sFLT1:placental growth factor (PlGF) ratio
Z
score at each wkGA and the change in the
Z
score between 28 and 36 wkGA (Δ36-28). We studied genetic variants from a previous fetal genome-wide association study of preeclampsia and an externally defined polygenic score from a maternal genome-wide association study of preeclampsia.

RESULTS:

Four variants from the fetal preeclampsia genome-wide association study were positively associated with sFLT1 and sFLT1:PlGF
Z
score at 36 wkGA, and
FLT1
enhancer single-nucleotide polymorphisms were associated with increased Δ36-28 of sFLT1. The associations were specific for the fetal genome or stronger for the fetal than the maternal genome. An increased risk of preeclampsia based on the maternal polygenic score for preeclampsia was associated with lower levels of sFLT1 and sFLT1:PlGF ratio in the first trimester and a greater Δ36-28 for sFLT1.

CONCLUSIONS:
The current data are consistent with a causal association between sFLT1 released by the placenta in late pregnancy and the pathophysiology of preeclampsia. The data are also consistent with maternal components to the protective effect of high sFLT1 in the first trimester and the rise in third-trimester sFLT1 levels and preeclampsia.
Rethinking Design Ethics from the Perspective of Spinoza
Authors: Song Sujin , Jun Soojin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article proposes a new theoretical direction for design ethics, recognizing its significance in today's technology and philosophical debates on what constitutes goodness. Current discussions often overlook these debates, leaving designers in ethical dilemmas without principles to articulate design ethics. We argue for a philosophical and ontological approach encouraging reflections on systems and politics beyond economics. This article introduces a new schema for reimagining design ethics through four aspects, supported by theoretical insights from three key concepts in Spinoza's Ethics: multifaceted perception and ingenium, the pursuit of activity, and a relational interpretation of his ontology. This article offers significant insights into the essence of goodness, and it tackles the ethical challenges prevalent in atomized societies and structural issues, serving as a theoretical guide for design alternatives in our contemporary realities.
Experimental investigation on swirling annular liquid film breakup characteristics of prefilming airblast atomizer
Authors: Wang Chang-hao , Gao Ya-ping , Wang Shao-lin , Liu Cun-xi , Liu Fu-qiang , Yang Jin-hu , Mu Yong , Xu Gang 
Published: December 2024

In order to further improve the understanding of the liquid film breakup characteristics of prefilming airblast atomizer, the effects of key operating parameters and structural parameters (swirl intensity, diameter and number of injection holes on pilot stage, length of pre-film lip and sleeve angle) on the liquid film pattern of prefilming airblast atomizer were investigated using the high-speed shadow method and the Otsu’s method. The mechanism of liquid film breakage was analyzed, the results show that, with the increase of fuel injection pressure, the spray morphology experiences “columnar-shaped”, “tulip-shaped” and “fully cone-shaped”. Meanwhile, the main fluctuation frequency of liquid film varies from 100.5 Hz in the “columnar-shaped” and “tulip-shaped” to 25.12 Hz in the “fully cone-shaped”. With increasing relative pressure drops of swirler, the film breakup length and film fluctuation frequency decrease, while the film fluctuation amplitude increases. An increase in inner-stage swirl intensities will lead to a reduction in the film breakup distance, while an increase in outer-stage swirl intensities will mainly lead to a larger spray angle. The increase of the diameter and number of injection holes and the length of pre-film lip leads to the rise of the liquid film breakup length, while the decrease of sleeve angle mainly leads to the rise of spray angle, which makes the liquid film more easily broken.
Patient Reported Outcomes from an Open Label, Multi-Center, Retrospective Study of a Biodegradable Graft for Soft Tissue Reconstruction in Patients Suffering from Chronic Lateral Ankle Instability
Authors: Vopat Bryan G. , Scott Ryan 
Published: December 2024

Category: Ankle; Sports Introduction/Purpose: Ankle sprains represent one of the most common injuries in the population (1). Most sprains resolve with conservative therapy, however, failure resulting in ligament laxity may require surgical intervention from pain and instability from injury to the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) (2). Surgical repair of the ATFL has relatively high success rates, however post-procedure chronic instability and pain remain a clinical challenge, with re-operation rates reported up to 14% (3). Artelon® FlexBand® matrix (Artelon, Sandy Springs, GA) is a copolymer of polyurethane urea and polycaprolactone (PUUR), a synthetic matrix designed to reinforce soft tissue repair during tendon/ligament reconstructive procedures. The goal of this study is to present patient reported outcomes (PROs) after modified Broström repair with PUUR augmentation device compared to historically reported ATFL repairs. Methods: This multi-center, IRB approved study is collecting data on patients that have undergone ATFL repair (isolated and non-isolated) with PUUR augmentation. These results represent an interim data analysis of an ongoing clinical study. A total of 47 patients diagnosed with chronic lateral ankle instability that had failed conservative therapy, and required surgical intervention to repair the lateral ligament complex were enrolled across two different research centers. Patient demographics, patient reported outcomes (PROs), safety, and complications were collected. PROs included Foot Function Index (FFI), Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM), visual analog pain score (VAS), and Veterans Rand-12 (VR-12) at 2-, 6-, 12-weeks, 6-months and 1- and 2-year follow-up visits. Results: The average patient age was 40 years, and average BMI was 30.9. There is a statistical difference in VAS scores at all follow-up times after surgery (2 weeks to 2 years) compared to pre-surgery, with long term VAS scores at 1 and 2 years showing the greatest improvement (0.76 and 0.88, respectively, p< 001) compared to baseline. Similarly, FFI scores showed significant improvement at 12 weeks to 2 years. FAAM scores in PUUR augmented patients significantly improved at 6 months, 1 year and 2 year follow-up. Patient general health assessed by VR-12 showed significant improvement at longer term 1- and 2-year follow-up (Figure 1). There were no procedure or product related adverse events or complications necessitating a return to the OR for any patient. Conclusion: Our data shows a significant improvement in VAS as well as improvements in foot specific PROs, FFI and FAAM in patients who underwent the modified Brostrom procedure with augmentation. Future studies will address Flexband augmentation vs. modified Brostrom in parallel in a randomized, prospective study.
Sex differences in the association between body mass index and quality of life among Korean older adults; evidence from a Community Health Survey in South Korea
Authors: Kim Jieun , Lee Hooyeon 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
The high prevalence of underweight individuals is an important issue that has become increasingly common. Therefore, this study investigated the association between body mass index (BMI) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among Korean older adults using a nationwide population-based survey.

Methods
Data from the 2021 Community Health Survey were used for this study. The study population was a total of 70,700 respondents. HRQoL was assessed using the EuroQoL health-related quality of life scale. Multiple logistic regression was applied to analyze the ORs for moderate or severe problems in the five EQ-5D dimensions. In addition, we performed multiple linear regression to identify the association between the total EQ-5D score and BMI after adjusting for age, marital status, income, education, health behaviors, and the presence of diabetes or hypertension.

Results
Of the participants, 4.3% were underweight (3.3% of men and 5.1% of women). Being underweight is associated with poor HRQoL in both men and women. The relationship between obesity and HRQoL varied by sex. Men with pre-obesity and obesity were less likely to have “moderate or severe” problems in all EQ-5D dimensions, excluding mobility. However, women with obesity were more likely to have “moderate or severe” problems across EQ-5D dimensions, excluding anxiety/depression.

Conclusions
Being underweight is associated with poor HRQoL among Korean older adults. Policy attention must be directed toward maintaining proper weight and promoting nutritional health at older ages, given that the number of older adults is expected to continue to increase.
Teaching therapy decision-making to medical students: a prospective mixed-methods evaluation of a curricular innovation
Authors: Garcia-Huidobro Diego , Fernandez Joaquín , Espinosa Pilar , Lustig Nicole , Perez Ignacio , Letelier Luz M. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Therapy decision-making (TDM) is an essential medical skill. However, teaching therapeutic reasoning poses significant challenges. We present a comprehensive TDM course for medical students and report on student satisfaction with the educational strategies, their perceived importance of various TDM domains, and their self-efficacy in incorporating these elements into clinical decisions.

Methods
Three student cohorts participated in a 16-week TDM course, which included self-instruction modules, application assignments, faculty symposia, and application seminars as educational strategies. The course focused on TDM and emphasized how factors such as the patient’s diagnosis, needs and preferences, treatment options, physicians’ viewpoints, the patient-physician relationship, and contexts of medical practice impact TDM. After the course, students completed a before-and-after survey assessing their satisfaction with the educational strategies, their perceived importance of ten TDM domains, and their ability to incorporate these domains into patient management. Scores ranged from 1 to 10. Students from the first two cohorts completed a 1- and 2-year follow-ups.

Results
A total of 387 students completed the course. All educational strategies were well-received, with self-instruction modules and faculty symposia yielding the highest satisfaction rates (94.8% and 88.6% respectively). Before-and-after evaluations indicated that students` perceived importance of the TDM domains increased from an average of 8.0 ± 2.4 at baseline to 9.9 ± 1.0 after the course. Additionally, their perceived ability to integrate TDM domains into practice rose from an average of 5.2 ± 3.2 to 9.4 ± 1.5 by the end of the course. Follow-up results showed a decrease in these outcomes over time.

Conclusion
This course serves as a successful model for systematically teaching TDM to medical students.
Hallux valgus interphalangeus is more common in juvenile-onset hallux valgus than in adult-onset hallux valgus
Authors: Chang An Seong , Son Sei Wook , Park Ppuri , Kim Hak Jun , Hwang Sang Hyeon , Park Sang Geon , Park Young Hwan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to compare the prevalence of hallux valgus interphalangeus (HVI) in juvenile-onset hallux valgus and adult-onset hallux valgus and to analyze the correlation between the hallux interphalangeal angle (HIA) and other radiographic parameters in juvenile-onset hallux valgus.

Methods
This retrospective study included 640 feet and 320 patients with hallux valgus (160 juvenile-onset and 160 adult-onset cases). Eight radiographic parameters were measured: HIA, hallux valgus angle, intermetatarsal angle, talonavicular coverage angle, anteroposterior talocalcaneal angle, lateral talocalcaneal angle, lateral talo-first metatarsal angle, and calcaneal pitch. The two groups were compared based on the radiographic parameters, and the correlation between the HIA and other radiographic parameters in juvenile-onset valgus was analyzed.

Results
The prevalence of HVI in juvenile-onset hallux valgus (63%) was higher than that in adult-onset hallux valgus (28%), and juvenile-onset hallux valgus demonstrated a greater HIA than that displayed by adult-onset hallux valgus (mean ± standard deviation, 12.9 ± 5.7 and 8.3 ± 5.2, respectively). In juvenile-onset valgus, the HIA was negatively correlated with the hallux valgus (r = -0.218, p < 0.001) and intermetatarsal angles (r = -0.143, p = 0.015) and positively correlated with the talonavicular coverage (r = 0.240, p < 0.001) and anteroposterior talocalcaneal angles (r = 0.127, p = 0.008).

Conclusions
Juvenile-onset hallux valgus is associated with more HVI than that in adults. Moreover, forefoot abduction deformity is related to the progression of HVI. These findings highlight the need to consider concomitant HVI when juvenile-onset valgus is encountered.

Level of evidence
Level III, retrospective comparative study.