bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INTENTIONING: THE KEY TO REACHING GENDER PARITY IN LEADERSHIP
Authors: Feldt Gloria 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAuthor Gloria Feldt raises the paradox that while there are many leadership advancement programs for women in U.S.‐based companies, “women in corporate life nevertheless occupy only an estimated 26.5 percent of executive and upper management positions.” Surveys show that many women are indeed ambitious about moving into the top ranks of corporations. Yet there is still a disconnect with the statistics on top leadership positions. Why is this the case? She points to examples of high‐profile women who have achieved chief executive officer (CEO) status: Meg Whitman, formerly at Hewlett Packard, Mary Barra, General Motors’ CEO, and Ursula Burns, previously of Xerox. Yet “many more women stay over‐long at a dead‐end job or move laterally from company to company feeling under valued, under appreciated and under‐compensated.” Feldt explains the difference between ambition and intention. Ambition reflects desire and determination to achieve something, yet intention puts this into action. Feldt dubs this “intentioning.” Feldt states that this “begins with assuming an active leadership role and embracing the power to achieve one's highest and boldest goals.” It requires asking four questions; which in her words are: What's happening now? What do you want to happen instead? How are you going to make it happen? What's next?
Exploring customers' responses to online service failure and recovery strategies during Covid‐19 pandemic: An actor–network theory perspective
Authors: Ozuem Wilson , Ranfagni Silvia , Willis Michelle , Rovai Serena , Howell Kerry 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWhile the debate on online service failure and recovery strategies has been given considerable attention in the marketing and information systems literature, the evolving Covid‐19 pandemic has brought about new challenges both theoretically and empirically in the consumption landscape. To fully understand customers' responses to service failure during a crisis we asked 70 millennials from three European Countries—Italy, France, and the UK—to describe their responses to service failure during the Covid‐19 pandemic (30 completed a 4‐week diary and 40 completed a 4‐week qualitative survey). Drawing on phenomenological, constructivist, and hermeneutical approaches, and utilizing an actor–network theory perspective, the current study proposes a new framework for understanding customers' responses to online service failure and recovery strategies during the Covid‐19 pandemic. Conclusions highlight implications for theory, policy, and management practice through extending comprehensions of service failure recovery processes by examining how marketing policies generate different social impacts during a crisis situation which facilitate the achievement of customer satisfaction and positive outcomes.
One‐Pot Fabrication of Hierarchically Bicontinuous Polystyrene Monoliths with Homogeneous Skeletons and Glycopolymer Surfaces
Authors: Peng Wen‐Shu , Lin Yang‐Yang , Sun Yong‐Jun , Zhu Bing‐Qi , Li Shi‐Hai , Li Jing , Qu Jian‐Bo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe hierarchically bicontinuous polystyrene monoliths (HBPMs) with homogeneous skeletons and glycopolymer surfaces are fabricated for the first time based on the medium internal phase emulsion (MIPE) templating method via activator generated by electron transfer for atom transfer radical polymerization (AGET ATRP). The synergistic self‐assembly of amphiphilic diblock glycopolymer (ADG) and Pluronic F127 (PF127) at the oil/water interface via hydrogen bonding interaction contributes to the formation of bicontinuous MIPE with deformed neighboring water droplets, resulting in the highly interconnected HBPM after polymerization. There is a bimodal pore size distribution in the HBPM, that is, through pores (150–5000 nm) and mesopores (10–150 nm). The HBPMs as prepared show excellent biocompatibility, homogeneous skeletons, strong mechanical strength, and high bed permeability, overcoming the practical limitations of the second generation of polystyrene (PS) monoliths. Glycoprotein concanavalin A (Con A) can be easily and quickly separated by the HBPM in hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) mode. These results suggest the HBPMs have great potentials in catalysis, separations, and biomedical applications.
Continuous Pilot‐Scale Wet‐Spinning of Biocompatible Chitin/Chitosan Multifilaments from an Aqueous KOH/Urea Solution
Authors: Huang Junchao , Zhong Yi , Zhang Xi , Xu Huan , Zhu Caizhen , Cai Jie 
Published: June 2021

AbstractChitin is a promising natural polymer with great potential as a biomedical, hygiene, absorbent, and food‐packing material. Producing chitin multifilament and assembling them into textiles is an efficient way of preparing these materials, with wet‐spinning a major method used to produce man‐made fibers. Unfortunately, dissolving chitin, producing a stable and suitable chitin dope, and ensuring filament strength are the main obstacles to the production of chitin multifilament. Based on recent research into chitin dissolution, solution properties, and high‐strength chitin‐based materials, chitin multifilament wet‐spinning is no longer only a hypothetical strategy. Here, a pilot‐scale wet‐spinning method is introduced that overcomes the abovementioned limitations. A stable chitin spinning dope is prepared by dissolution and aging in an aqueous KOH/urea solution. A chitin multifilament is prepared by wet‐spinning using a pilot‐scale wet‐spinning apparatus and aqueous alcohol/salt coagulation. After deacetylation, the chitosan multifilament possesses a dense structure and low crystallinity, but excellent mechanical properties. The chitin/chitosan multifilaments exhibit excellent cytocompatibilities and have promising prospects in biomedical applications. The method developed in this work provides a new approach for the pilot‐scale wet‐spinning of chitin/chitosan multifilaments.
Synchrotron X‐Ray Analysis and Morphology Evidence for Stereo‐Assemblies of Periodic Aggregates in Poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) with Unusual Photonic Iridescence
Authors: Liao Yu‐Hsuan , Nagarajan Selvaraj , Woo Eamor M. , Chuang Wei‐Tsung , Tsai Yi‐Wei 
Published: June 2021

Abstract3D morphology of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), crystallized in the presence of diluents of poly(1,3‐trimethylene adipate) and poly(ethylene oxide), is probed using a novel approach coupled with selective etching. For interpreting the mechanisms of crystal periodic aggregation, various microscopic techniques and synchrotron microbeam X‐ray analysis are used to observe the top surface in connection with the 3D crystal assemblies. Periodic grating architectures, with the cross‐bar pitch exactly matching with the optical band spacing, are proved in banded PHB. The crystals under the ridge branch out to spawn finer crystals orienting/bending horizontally underneath the valley band, repeating till species drainage or impingement. The grating structure in the banded PHB resembles many nature's iridescence crystals and is further proved by photonic reflection results as a critical breakthrough novel finding.
Synthesis of Pyrrole‐Based Poly(arylenevinylene)s via Co‐Catalyzed Hydroarylation of Alkynes
Authors: Iwamori Ryota , Sato Ryota , Kuwabara Junpei , Yasuda Takeshi , Kanbara Takaki 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPolyaddition via the Co‐catalyzed hydroarylation of 1‐(2‐pyrimidinyl)pyrrole with aromatic diynes affords poly(arylenevinylene)s under mild conditions. This reaction avoids production of stoichiometric amounts of by‐products. Although structural analysis of the obtained polymers reveals the presence of 1,1‐vinylidene unit, switching the counter anion of the Co catalyst and steric hindrance of the diyne monomers improves the regioselectivity of the polymers. When a catalyst with bulky counter anions is used for the reaction of less hindered diyne monomers, 1,2‐vinylene linkages are formed dominantly over 1,1‐vinylidene linkages (93:7). The effect of the regioselectivity of the polymer on the optical and semiconducting properties is also evaluated.
Grafting pH‐Responsive Copolymers to Cold Water‐Soluble Starch Using Nitroxide‐Mediated Polymerization
Authors: Fritz Alexander T. , Cazotti Jaime C. , Garcia‐Valdez Omar , Smeets Niels M. B. , Dubé Marc A. , Cunningham Michael F. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractStarch biopolymers are made pH‐responsive through the grafting of copolymers based on poly(2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) and poly(2‐(diethylaminoethyl) methacrylate) (PDEAEMA). This is the first report of the grafting to modification of soluble starch via nitroxide‐mediated polymerization (NMP). The pH‐sensitive amino‐based polymers are first synthesized in bulk by NMP where a small amount of styrene is added to improve the reaction control. A 4‐vinylbenzyl chloride functionalized cold water‐soluble starch (CWS) is then modified with the copolymers via a grafting to mechanism. The final CWS grafted copolymers have high starch contents (≈75 wt%). These grafted materials are shown to be pH‐responsive by titration, switching from positive zeta potential at low pH to negative zeta potential at high pH. The measured zero zeta potential intersect at the polymer pKaH corresponds well with literature for PDMAEMA but poorly for PDEAEMA, owing to the hydrophobic local environment for PDEAEMA.
Abundance and Distribution of American Eel in a Heavily Dammed Urban River
Authors: Camhi Merry , Bednarski Michael , LaBelle Jake , Waldman John 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The American Eel Anguilla rostrata is a catadromous fish found in rivers along the East Coast of North America. American Eel populations have declined throughout their range for several reasons, including habitat fragmentation caused by damming, which hinders access to much of their historic lotic habitats. This study examined differences in abundance and size structure across river segments divided by nine dams in the Bronx River, New York, a heavily urbanized system. American Eels were sampled via multipass electrofishing at nine sites over the course of 3 years. American Eels 250 mm TL or larger were implanted with passive integrated transponder tags to estimate survival and movements. Estimates of abundance were calculated for electrofishing data using the Huggins closed-capture model. Density was estimated based on area surveyed, abundance data, and estimated weights of American Eels. Eel mops were used to evaluate the presence and relative abundance of different life stages of American Eels (glass, elver, and small yellow phases). Our results showed decreased abundance in upstream areas, with a corresponding increase in average size. Density, by weight, was consistent among sites. Tagging data showed minimum apparent survival of up to 0.29 and only a single movement between dammed segments, demonstrating high site fidelity. Eel mop sampling revealed that although glass- and elver-stage American Eels were common downstream, relative abundance decreased rapidly above the first dam. These results suggest that the Bronx River American Eel population is structured by physical barriers to passage, density-dependent limitations, high stationariness, and high apparent survival.
Nonlinear consolidation of soft foundation improved by prefabricated vertical drains based on elliptical cylindrical equivalent model
Authors: Tian Yi , Wu Wenbing , Wen Minjie , Jiang Guosheng , El Naggar M. Hesham , Mei Guoxiong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study builds up an elliptical cylindrical equivalent model (ECEM) of prefabricated vertical drains (PVD)‐improved foundation which incorporates the nonlinear variation of compressibility and permeability and the preconsolidate state of soil. An exact solution and a simplified solution are derived for the nonlinear consolidation model under a combined vacuum and surcharge preloading. Considering the stratification of improved soil and the reduction of vacuum pressure along PVD, a precise settlement prediction method is proposed. The rightness and applicability of present solutions are verified by carrying out a series of comparative analyses. Also, a parametric study is conducted to investigate the characteristics of nonlinear consolidation under different , , over‐consolidation ratios (OCRs). The results show that, when the applied load has no impact on the dissipation of excess pore‐water pressure, whereas a larger applied load would induce a quicker settlement rate; the consolidation rate would be underestimated if the over‐consolidated stress history is neglected, and greater OCR produces more obvious underestimation.
Absence of human papillomavirus in nasopharyngeal swabs from infants in a population at high risk of human papillomavirus infection
Authors: Smith‐Vaughan Heidi C , Cheng Allen C , Tabrizi Sepehr N. , Wurzel Danielle F , Beissbarth Jemima , Leach Amanda J , Morris Peter S , Binks Michael J , Torzillo Paul J , Chang Anne B , Marsh Robyn L 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTMaternal urogenital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection may place neonates at risk of HPV acquisition and subsequently lower respiratory infections as HPV can influence development of immunity. The respiratory HPV prevalence is not known in remote‐dwelling Aboriginal infants, who are at high risk of respiratory infection and where the population prevalence of urogenital HPV in women is high. These data are necessary to inform HPV vaccination regimens. A retrospective analysis using PCR specific for HPV was performed on 64 stored nasopharyngeal swabs from remote‐dwelling Aboriginal infants < 6 months of age, with and without hospitalised pneumonia. HPV DNA was not detected in any specimen. Despite the negative result, we cannot exclude a role for HPV in respiratory infections affecting infants in this population; however, our data do not support HPV as an important contributor to acute respiratory infection in remote‐dwelling Aboriginal children.
Association between mutation profiles and clinicopathological features in Chinese patients with thyroid cancer
Authors: Jing Changwen , Cao Haixia , Ma Rong , Wu Jianzhong , Wang Zhuo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRecently, mutation profiles provided new insights into comprehensive understanding of TC biology by Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). We explored association between mutation profiles and clinicopathological features in Chinese patients with thyroid cancer (TC). Two hundred and twenty‐five formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissue specimens from surgically removed thyroid samples were detected with 15 target genes by NGS. Mutation profiles and clinicopathological features were analyzed. Two hundred and seven mutations including two hundred mutations in 81.40% papillary thyroid carcinoma samples, three mutations in 50.00% MTC samples, and four mutations in 100% anaplastic thyroid carcinoma samples were detected. There were 19.56% samples without any mutations in target genes, 69.78% samples harbored mutations in single gene, 9.78% samples carried two gene mutations, and 0.89% samples had triple different gene mutations. For PTC, BRAF mutations were predominant, TERT mutations are more prevalent in advanced PTC and RET fusion was only observed among the PTC. For MTC, RET point mutations were predominant. For samples carried more than one gene mutations, the allelic frequency of mutants were almost similar. Multiple mutations in TC patients were significantly more frequent in cases of patients aged 55 and over (p <.001) and advanced American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) cancer stage (p <.001). Gender (p = .309) and pathological subtype (p = .121) did not show significant correlation with mutations. Analysis between mutation profiles and clinicopathological features provides new insights into the biology of TC and is expected to increase the accuracy of diagnosis and prognostication in TC, leading to improved precision treatment for TC patients.
Nano‐ and Microscale Optical and Electrical Biointerfaces and Their Relevance to Energy Research
Authors: Hou Kun , Yang Chuanwang , Shi Jiuyun , Kuang Boya , Tian Bozhi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDifferent research fields in energy sciences, such as photovoltaics for solar energy conversion, supercapacitors for energy storage, electrocatalysis for clean energy conversion technologies, and materials‐bacterial hybrid for CO2 fixation have been under intense investigations over the past decade. In recent years, new platforms for biointerface designs have emerged from the energy conversion and storage principles. This paper reviews recent advances in nano‐ and microscale materials/devices for optical and electrical biointerfaces. First, a connection is drawn between biointerfaces and energy science, and how these two distinct research fields can be connected is summarized. Then, a brief overview of current available tools for biointerface studies is presented. Third, three representative biointerfaces are reviewed, including neural, cardiac, and bacterial biointerfaces, to show how to apply these tools and principles to biointerface design and research. Finally, two possible future research directions for nano‐ and microscale biointerfaces are proposed.
Separation of pharmaceutically active compounds by multimodal chromatography with ultraviolet detection
Authors: Grybinik Sofiya , Dousa Michal , Bosakova Zuzana 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis research focused on pharmaceutically active ingredients analyzed by mixed‐mode liquid chromatography. For this purpose, 16 analytes were chosen with acidic, basic, or neutral properties that were analyzed under different conditions. These analytes play an important role in the pharmaceutical industry and improved separation will make drug control more efficient. Mixed‐mode chromatography is becoming an increasingly popular method for the analysis of diverse compounds due to the process being based on the combination of two or more interaction modes. The use of the mixed‐mode stationary phase can be especially beneficial for the development of new drugs which may have specific physical and chemical properties. Data obtained from measurements on three different mixed‐mode columns (WAX‐1, WCX‐1, and HILIC‐1) were used to construct the plots illustrating the relationship between the retention factors of the analytes and organic modifier content, buffer concentration, and buffer pH. As a result of the known chemical structures of the analyzed molecules and analysis of these plots, possible interaction mechanisms in various chromatographic systems were proposed. Conclusions enabled suggestions for the optimization of chromatographic conditions to be made as well as the improved selection of the stationary phase for different types of analytes.
Molecular Display on Protein Nanocompartments: Design Strategies and Systems Applications
Authors: Szyszka Taylor N. , Jenner Eric N. , Tasneem Nuren , Lau Yu Heng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe design of biomimetic systems in the laboratory is a long‐sought goal for systems chemists and synthetic biologists alike. Fundamental to this design is the generation of self‐assembled structures capable of mimicking compartmentalisation, which includes the encapsulation of molecular cargo as well as the display of molecules on the exterior. Protein nanocompartments are fast becoming popular scaffolds for these systems due to their robust self‐assembly, ability to encapsulate non‐native cargo, and amenability to surface modifications. In this Review, we discuss the primary methods for displaying a wide array of molecular motifs on compartment surfaces. We discuss benefits and drawbacks of each type of display and examine three recent case studies wherein molecular display was a critical design element in the construction of multi‐enzyme chemical systems. The analyses and case studies presented in this Review aim to provide a critical summary of the technologies currently used for molecular display to add another dimension to the design of chemical systems and nanoreactors.
Glycosyl Sulfonates Beyond Triflates
Authors: Bennett Clay S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWhile glycosyl triflates are frequently invoked as intermediates in many chemical glycosylation reactions, the chemistry of other glycosyl sulfonates remains comparatively underexplored. Given the reactivity of sulfonates can span several orders of magnitude, this represents an untapped resource for the development of stereoselective glycosylation reactions. This personal account describes our laboratories efforts to take advantage of this reactivity to develop β‐specific glycosylation reactions. Initial investigations led to the development of 2‐deoxy‐sugar tosylates as highly selective donors for β‐glycoside synthesis, an approach which has been used to great success by our group and others for the construction of deoxy‐sugar oligosaccharides and natural products. Subsequent studies demonstrate that “matching” the reactivity of the sulfonate to that of the sugar donor leads to highly selective SN2‐glycosylations with a range of substrates.
Biodiagnostics in an era of global pandemics—From biosensing materials to data management
Authors: Broza Yoav Y. , Haick Hossam 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe novel corona virus SARS‐CoV‐2 (COVID‐19) has exposed the world to challenges never before seen in fast diagnostics, monitoring, and prevention of the outbreak. As a result, different approaches for fast diagnostic and screening are made and yet to find the ideal way. The current mini‐review provides and examines evidence‐based innovative and rapid chemical sensing and related biodiagnostic solutions to deal with infectious disease and related pandemic emergencies, which could offer the best possible care for the general population and improve the approachability of the pandemic information, insights, and surrounding contexts. The review discusses how integration of sensing devices with big data analysis, artificial Intelligence or machine learning, and clinical decision support system, could improve the accuracy of the recorded patterns of the disease conditions within an ocean of information. At the end, the mini‐review provides a prospective on the requirements to improve our coping of the pandemic‐related biodiagnostics as well as future opportunities.
Infection by haemopathogens and tick infestation of sheep during summer season in Constantine region, Northeast Algeria
Authors: Foughali Asma Amina , Jedidi Mohamed , Dhibi Moktar , Mhadhbi Moez , Sassi Limam , Berber Ali , Bitam Idir , Gharbi Mohamed 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA study on tick infestation of 43 sheep with clinical symptoms of piroplasmosis and anaplasmosis was carried out during summer seasons of 2016 and 2017 in 34 sheep flocks from Beni Hamidene locality, district of Constantine, Northeast Algeria. Only animals with clinical symptoms of piroplasmosis and/or anaplasmosis were checked for tick infestation. Among the 43 examined sheep, 58 ± 15% were infested by ticks. A total of 185 adult ticks (100 males and 85 females) were collected from the 25 sheep. Two tick genera, Rhipicephalus and Hyalomma consisting of four species were collected, Rhipicephalus bursa was the most frequent tick (164/185; 88.6 ± 4.6%), followed by Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (16/185; 8.6 ± 4%), Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus (4/185; 2.2 ± 2.1%) and Hyalomma scupense (1/185; 0.5 ± 1%). Mean overall tick infestation intensity was 7.4. Mixed infestations with two tick species were found in 10 sheep (23.3 ± 12.6%). All farmers (34/34) used ivermectin, and only 11% of them used acaricide to control ticks. The majority of R. bursa ticks (87/185; 45 ± 7%) were located on the ears 37/185; 20 ± 6%) and the testicles (50/185; 27 ± 6%). Giemsa‐stained blood smears examination showed the presence of three haemopathogens: Anaplasma spp. (19/43; 44 ± 15%); Babesia spp. (6/43; 14 ± 10%) and Theileria spp. (1/43; 2 ± 4%). These results showed the presence of several low infestation burdens by ticks transmitting three haemopathogens.