bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aminolytic Depolymerisation of Polyethylene Terephthalate Wastes using Sn doped ZnO Nanoparticles
Authors: Vinitha Viswanathan , Preeyangha Mani , Anbarasu Murugan , Jeya Gopal , Bernaurdshaw Neppolian , Sivamurugan Vajiravelu 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is one of the most consumed polymers because of its excellent thermal and mechanical properties. By increasing in PET production and since the disposal of PET waste has growing to be a major global environmental issue each year. Chemical recycling is a most successful method to achieve circular economy in the PET utilizing industries. Current research work aims to complete depolymerization of waste PET from soft drink bottles by the aminolysis method to produce bis (2-hydroxy ethylene) terephthalamide (BHETA) in the presence of Sn doped ZnO. To evaluate catalytic activity, pure and Sn2+ doped ZnO nanoparticles prepared using different Sn2+ molar ratios at 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mol% and calcined at 500 0C for 1h. The synthesized catalysts characterised using FT-IR, XRD, and UV-vis spectroscopy. The surface morphology and percentage doping obtained from SEM and SEM-EDS, respectively. We have observed a reduction in optical band gap and crystallite size of ZnO due to tin doping. Aminolytic depolymerization of PET waste using ethanolamine promoted by Sn doped ZnO effectively under conventional thermal method. Increase in the yield of the BHETA observed with respect to increasing doping percentage of Sn and 1-2 mol% Sn doped ZnO nanoparticles afforded over 90% of BHETA. Structure and purity of BHETA, depolymerised product characterized by FT-IR, 1HNMR, 13C NMR, and MS.
Application of Artificial Intelligence-based Dual-modality Analysis Combining Fundus Photography and Optical Coherence Tomography in Diabetic Retinopathy Screening in a Community Hospital
Authors: Liu Rui , Li Qingchen , Xu Feiping , Wang Shasha , He Jie , Cao Yiting , Shi Fei , Chen Xinjian , Chen Jili 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background To assess the feasibility and application value of artificial intelligence (AI)-based screening for diabetic retinopathy (DR) by combining fundus photos and optical coherence tomography (OCT) images in a community hospital.Methods Fundus photos and OCT images were taken for 600 diabetic patients in a community hospital. Ophthalmologists and AI identified these fundus photos according to international DR standards. OCT images were used to detect concomitant macular oedema (ME). The criteria for referral were DR grades 2-4 and/or the presence of ME. The sensitivity and specificity of AI grading were evaluated. The number of referable DR cases confirmed by ophthalmologists and AI was calculated.Results DR was detected in 81 (13.5%) participants by ophthalmologists and in 94 (15.6%) by AI, and 45 (7.5%) and 53 (8.8%) participants were diagnosed with referable DR by ophthalmologists and by AI, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve (AUC) of AI for detecting DR were 91.67%, 96.92% and 0.944, respectively. For detecting referable DR, the sensitivity, specificity and AUC of AI were 97.78%, 98.38% and 0.981, respectively. ME was detected from OCT images in 49 (8.2%) participants by ophthalmologists and in 57 (9.5%) by AI, and the sensitivity, specificity and AUC of AI were 91.30%, 97.46% and 0.944, respectively. When combining fundus photos and OCT images, the number of referrals identified by ophthalmologists increased from 45 to 75 and from 53 to 85 by AI.Conclusion AI-based DR screening has high sensitivity and specificity and may feasibly improve the referral rate of community DR.
Bagging Based Cross-Media Retrieval Algorithm
Authors: Xu Gongwen , Zhang Yu , Yin Mingshan , Hong Wenzhong , Zou Ran , Wang Shanshan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
It is very challenging to propose a strong learning algorithm with high prediction accuracy of cross-media retrieval, while finding a weak learning algorithm which is slightly higher than that of random prediction is very easy. Inspired by this idea, we propose an imaginative Bagging based cross-media retrieval algorithm (called BCMR) in this paper. First, we utilize bootstrap sampling to carry out random sampling of the original training set. The amount of the sample abstracted by bootstrap is set to be same as the original dataset. Second, 50 bootstrap replicates are used for training 50 weak classifiers independently. We take advantage of homogenous individual classifiers and integrate eight different baseline methods in our experiments. Finally, we generate the final strong classifier from the 50 weak classifiers by the integration strategy of sample voting. We use collective wisdom to eliminate bad decisions so that the generalization ability of the integrated model could be greatly enhanced. Extensive experiments performed on three datasets show that BCMR can effectively improve the accuracy of cross-media retrieval.
Development and Feasibility of a Patient-Derived Training Simulator for Image-Guided Adaptive Brachytherapy of Locally Advanced Cervical Cancers
Authors: Tomizawa Kento , Oike Takahiro , Ando Ken , Irie Daisuke , Sakai Makoto , Shimada Hirofumi , Ohno Tatsuya 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background

Image-guided adaptive brachytherapy (IGABT) plays a pivotal role in definitive radiotherapy of cervical cancer. Although the combination of a tandem and ovoid applicator with interstitial needles (IC/IS brachytherapy) is an efficient IGABT technique for bulky irregular-shaped tumors, training opportunities for IC/IS brachytherapy remain limited. Thus, we developed a training simulator for IC/IS brachytherapy for locally advanced cervical cancer and tested its feasibility.
Methods

The training simulator combined a patient-derived soft silicone tumor phantom with an acrylic tube mimicking the vagina. The tumor phantom was modeled on a cervical cancer patient treated with IGABT at our institute between 2012–2020, through detailed inspection of their three-dimensional (3D) high-risk clinical target volume (HR-CTV) at the first brachytherapy session. A true-scale tumor phantom was created from the HR-CTV data using 3D-printing. The feasibility of the training simulator was investigated by comparing treatment plans between the following six sessions (sessions #1–#3, with a Fletcher-Suit Asian Pacific applicator; #4–#6, with a Venezia applicator): in sessions #1 and #4, an expert inserted a tandem and ovoids (T&O); in sessions #2 and #5, a resident inserted a T&O plus four needles; and in sessions #3 and #6, an expert inserted a T&O plus four needles. At each session, the highest possible dose was prescribed to the HR-CTV while keeping the D2cc of the rectum and bladder (derived from the model case) below 6 and 7.6 Gy, respectively.
Results

The training simulator was developed using the HR-CTV data of a FIGO stage IIIB tumor (68 ⋅ 49 ⋅ 45 mm) selected from one of 495 candidates. The feasibility tests with a Fletcher-Suit Asian Pacific applicator resulted in HR-CTV D90 of 4.23, 5.69, and 6.70 Gy for sessions #1, #2, and #3, respectively. With a Venezia applicator, HR-CTV D90 was 4.16, 6.20, and 6.45 Gy for sessions #4, #5, and #6, respectively.
Conclusions

The tumor phantom was a good representation that resulted in various HR-CTV D90 doses depending on the physician’s experience and applicator type. Further evaluation of the training simulator is warranted to confirm its educational value for IC/IS brachytherapy for locally advanced cervical cancer.
Distributions, Compositions, and Ecological Risk Assessment of Typical Pollutants in Surface Sediment of Xihe River, China
Authors: Ke Xin , Sun Xun , Yan Zheng 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Distributions and compositions of six phthalic acid esters (PAEs), eight phenol compounds and seven heavy metals in riverbed sediments of the Xihe River in Shenyang, China. The ecological risks of these typical pollutants were investigated and evaluated based on the risk quotient (RQ) and potential ecological risk index (PERI) methods. The concentrations of total ∑6PAEs, ∑8phenols and ∑7heavy metals in sediments varied from 92.83 to 293.66 μg/g dw, 8.87 to 83.73 μg/g dw and 0.46 to 419μg/g dw. The main pollutants in Xihe River sediments are DEHP, DIBP, phenol, P-methylphenol and Cd. More than half target PAEs and phenol compounds in sediment of the Xihe River exhibited medium or high ecological risk. Cd poses a very high ecological risk to the Xihe River Basin. It is imperative to take some effective measures to reduce the pollution of those contaminants.
Diversity of Morphological Traits and Glucosinolate Composition in Backcross Progenies of Brassica Rapa L. × Eruca Vesicaria (L.) Cav. Hybrids
Authors: Kaminishi Aiko , Miyohashi Fumika , Kita Nobuhiro 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Breeding at both interspecific and intergeneric levels is an effective method for expanding genetic variation of cruciferous crops; however, few commercially accepted varieties have been released because of difficulties in generating fertile progenies. We employed backcross strategy to introduce Eruca vesicaria-specific characteristics into Brassica rapa and successfully obtained four BC1F1 lines that showed a wide range of diversity of morphological traits and glucosinolate (GSL) composition. Thus, leaf shape, anthocyanin coloration, glucoraphanin content, and red petal veins were found to be inherited mainly from E. vesicaria, though most of the morphological characteristics and GSL composition were inherited from intergeneric F1 plants. Since all BC1F1 lines showed post-fertilization barriers, backcrossing with B. rapa was performed and BC2F1 progenies were successfully obtained, which showed diverse morphological characteristics and GSL composition as well as higher regeneration potential. These results suggest that widening of genetic diversity of B. rapa can be achieved through successive reciprocal backcrossing of B. rapa × E. vesicaria hybrids with B. rapa.
Change in microRNAs Expression Profile of Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) Cell Lines Following Treatment By Ascorbic Acid
Authors: Samadi Hamed , Sohi Alireza Naderi , Jafary Hanieh , Kouhkan Fatemeh 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Whereas several clinical trials are ongoing or have been completed examining the benefits of Ascorbic acid-based therapy of cancer patients, its efficacy at GBM treatment has not been sufficiently investigated. In the present study, the influence of L-Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C, VC) on two GBM cell lines (U87 and U251) was evaluated in terms of cytotoxicity, induction of cell cycle arrest, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and alteration in the level of GBM related microRNAs. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of VC was obtained by Crystal Violet assay as 2 mM and 1.8 mM for U87 cell line following 24 and 48 h treatment, respectively. These values were obtained in a similar way for U251 cell line as 3.2 mM and 2.9 mM. Propidium iodide (PI) staining of the cells revealed that ascorbic acid caused cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase in both of studied GBM cell lines. Moreover, RT-qPCR results indicated that VC-treatment of GBM cell lines causes downregulation of Bcl-2 alongside increase in BAK-1 and BAX expressions. Flowcytometry-based DCFH assay confirmed drastic increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) within U87 and U251 cells following VC-treatment. Eventually, study on microRNAs expression profile implied significant increase in four tumor suppressor miRNAs including miR-7, miR-34a, miR-128, and miR-182 in both of U87 and U251 cell lines after treatment with ascorbic acid. Besides, the expression levels of three onco-miRs (i.e., miR-10b in both of cell lines, miR-222 in U87 and miR-93 in U251) were significantly diminished.
Projection of Hot and Cold Extremes in the Amu River Basin of Central Asia using GCMs CMIP6
Authors: Salehie Obaidullah , Ismail Tarmizi , Hamed Mohammed Magdy , Shahid Shamsuddin , Muhammad Mohd Khairul Idlan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The extreme temperature has become more frequent and intense due to global warming, particularly in dry regions, causing devastating impacts on humans and ecosystems. The transboundary Amu river basin (ARB) is the most vulnerable region in Central Asia (CA) to extreme weather linked to climate change. This study aimed to project warm and cold extremes in ARB for three Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5) and two time-horizons, 2020–2059 and 2060-2099, using daily maximum (Tmax) and minimum temperature (Tmin) simulations of global climate models (GCMs) of Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project phase six (CMIP6). Results revealed that the basin's west experiences more hot extremes and the east more cold extremes. Climate change would cause a significant increase in the annual mean of Tmax and Tmin. However, the increase in mean Tmin would be much higher (5.0ºC ) than the mean Tmax (4.6ºC ). It would cause an increase in the hot extremes and a decrease in the cold extremes in the basin. The higher increase in the hot extremes would be in the west, while the higher decrease in the cold extreme in the basin's east. The number of days above 40℃ would increase from 45 to 60 days in the basin's west and northwest compared to the historical period. The number of days below -20℃ would decrease up to 45 days in the basin's east. Overall, the decrease in cold extremes would be much faster than the increase in hot extremes.
Description of Hydrogenophaga Crocea Sp. Nov. Associated With Cyanobacterial Mat Isolated From Farmland Mud
Authors: Thorat Vipool , Tiwarekar Bhavesh , Kirdat Kiran , Chavan Saurabhee , Marakad Shital , Sathe Shivaji , Yadav Amit 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A catalase and oxidase-positive strain BA0156T was isolated from a cyanobacterial mat collected from the farmland mud cultivated with sugarcane from Ahmednagar, India. The 16S rRNA gene of strain BA0156T showed the highest percent sequence similarity with Hydrogenophaga borbori LMG 30805T (98.55 %), followed by H. flava DSM 619T (98.35 %) and H. intermedia DSM 5680T (98.21 %). The strain BA0156T consisted of major fatty acids, C16:0 (25.1 %) and C17:0 cyclo (3.9 %), whereas phosphatidylethanolamine and diphosphatidylglycerol were the major polar lipids. The OrthoANI and dDDH values between strain BA0156T and its closest relative H. borbori LMG 30805T were 84.59 % and 28.3 %, respectively. The DNA G+C content of strain BA0156T was 69.42 mol %. Furthermore, the biochemical and physiological features of strain BA0156T showed a distinct pattern from their closest phylogenetic neighbours. The phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics indicated that the strain BA0156T represents a new species for which the name Hydrogenophaga crocea (type strain BA0156 T = MCC 3062T = KCTC 72452T = JCM 34507T) is proposed.
Local-Scale Thermal History Influences Metabolic Response of Marine Invertebrates To Warming
Authors: Rangel Racine E. , Sorte Cascade J.B. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
As climate change continues, anticipating species’ responses to rising temperatures, requires an understanding of the relationship between metabolic rate and thermal sensitivity, which itself may vary over space and time. We measured metabolic rates of three representative marine invertebrate species (hermit crabs Pagurus hirsutiusculus, periwinkle snails Littorina sitkana, and mussels Mytilus trossulus) and evaluated the relationship between thermal sensitivity (Q10) and thermal history. We tested the hypothesis that thermal history drives thermal sensitivity and quantified how this relationship differs over time (short-term to seasonal time scales) and between species. Organisms were collected from tide pools in Sitka, Alaska where we also recorded temperatures to characterize thermal history prior to metabolic rate assays. Using respirometry, we estimated mass-specific oxygen consumption (MO2) at ambient and increased temperatures for one individual per species per tide pool across three seasons. We evaluated relationships between thermal sensitivity and pool temperatures for time periods ranging from 1 day to 3 months prior to collection. For all species, thermal sensitivity was related to thermal history for the shorter time periods (1 day to 1 week). However, the direction of the relationships and most important thermal parameters (i.e., maximum, mean, or range) differed between species and seasons. We found that on average, P. hirsutiusculus and L. sitkana were more thermally sensitive than M. trossulus. These findings show that variability in thermal history over small spatial scales influences individuals’ metabolic response to warming and may be indicative of these species’ ability to acclimate to future climate change.
Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in the Canadian Freshwater Environment.
Authors: Lalonde Benoit A. , Garron Christine 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are anthropogenic substances that are very stable in the receiving environment. PFASs are persistent and resistant to typical environmental degradation processes and therefore are distributed across all trophic levels and environmental compartments (soil, air, water). Since most uses of PFOS, PFOA and LC-PFCAs are banned in Canada, alternative PFASs have been in use for a number of years. Twenty-nine sites across Canada were sampled for PFASs to determine concentrations and trends. Overall, 13 PFASs were measured in 566 Canadian freshwater samples from 2013- 2020 with a range from below the detection limit of the laboratory to a maximum of 138 ng/L (for PFBS). While PFOS and PFOA concentrations are declining significantly over time, other compounds such as PFPeA and PFBA have increased significantly over 2013-2020. Overall the range of concentrations found in this study were similar to that of other Canadian and international studies. However, this study also found a higher frequency of detections of the replacement PFASs than that of the other, older, Canadian studies.
Combining Exercise, Protein Supplementation and Electric Stimulation to Mitigate Muscle Wasting and Improve Outcomes for Survivors of Critical Illness - the ExPrES Study
Authors: Verceles Avelino , Serra Monica , Davis Derik , Alon Gad , Wells Chris , Parker Elizabeth , Terrin Michael L. , Sorkin John , Bhatti Waqas , Goldberg Andrew P. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: The combination of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) with high protein supplementation (HPRO) to preserve muscle mass and function has not been assessed in ICU patients. We compared the effects of a multimodal intervention combining NMES and HPRO with mobility and strength rehabilitation program (NMES+HPRO+PT) to standardized ICU care (SC). Methods: Over 14 days the SC group received usual critical care and rehabilitation while the NMES+HPRO+PT received 30 minutes NMES twice daily for 10 days applied to the quadriceps and dorsiflexors bilaterally and a mean 1.3±0.4 HPRO g/kg body weight in addition to SC. Nonresponsive patients received passive exercises and once responsive were encouraged to exercise actively. Primary outcome measures were muscle volume and cross-section area (CSA) measured using CT-imaging. Secondary outcomes included nutritional status, nitrogen balance, effect on delirium, and days on mechanical ventilation (MV).Results: On day 14, the NMES+HPRO+PT group lost significantly less muscle volume of both thighs and lower legs compared to SC group. The mean combined left and right thigh CSA and volume of the NMES+HPRO+PT group was significantly larger than the SC group on day 14. The nitrogen balance of the SC group was negative throughout the study duration, while the NMES+HPRO+PT group was positive on days 5, 9, and 14. At any time during their ICU stay SC patients experienced more delirium than the PT+NMES+HPRO group (46% vs 32%, p=0.09) although not statistically significant. There were no differences between groups when comparing length of stay or days on MV. Conclusion: The combination of NMES, HPRO and PT resulted in mitigation of lower extremity muscle loss and amelioration of clinical status of patients admitted to the ICU. The value of NMES, HPRO and PT independently in the initial and ongoing care of ICU survivors beyond 14 days of admission remains to be evaluated.Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT3195127
Integrated cognitive and physical fitness training enhances attention abilities in older adults
Authors: Anguera Joaquin , Volponi Joshua , Simon Alexander , Gallen Courtney , Rolle Camarin , Anguera-Singla Roger , Thompson Christian , Gazzaley Adam 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Preserving attention abilities is of great concern to older adults who are motivated to maintain their quality of life as they age. Both cognitive and physical fitness interventions have been utilized in intervention studies to assess maintenance and enhancement of attention abilities in seniors, and a coupling of these approaches is a compelling strategy to buttress both cognitive and physical health in a time- and resource-effective manner. With this perspective, we created a closed-loop, motion-capture video game (Body-Brain Trainer: BBT) that adapts a player’s cognitive and physical demands in an integrated approach, thus creating a personalized and cohesive experience across both domains. Older adults who engaged in two months of BBT improved on both physical fitness and attention outcome measures beyond that of an expectancy-matched, active, placebo control group, with maintenance of improved attention performance evidenced 1 year later. Following training, the BBT group’s improvement on the attention outcome measure exceeded performance levels attained by an untrained group of 20-year-olds, and showed age-equilibration of a neural signature of attention shown to decline with age: midline frontal theta power. These findings highlight the potential benefits of an integrated, cognitive-physical, closed-loop training platform as a powerful tool for both cognitive and physical enhancement in older adults.