bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artificial Intelligence Could Alert for Focal Skeleton/Bone Marrow Uptake in Hodgkin´s Lymphoma Patients Staged With FDG-PET/CT
Authors: Sadik May , López-Urdaneta Jesús , Ulén Johannes , Enqvist Olof , Krupic Armin , Kumar Rajender , Andersson Per-Ola , Trägårdh Elin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To develop an artificial intelligence (AI)-based method for the detection of focal skeleton/bone marrow uptake (BMU) in patients with Hodgkin´s lymphoma (HL) undergoing staging with FDG-PET/CT. The results of the AI in a separate test group were compared to the interpretations of independent physicians. Methods: The skeleton and bone marrow were segmented using a convolutional neural network. The training of AI was based on 153 un-treated patients. Bone uptake significantly higher than the mean BMU was marked as abnormal, and an index, based on the total squared abnormal uptake, was computed to identify the focal uptake. Patients with an index above a predefined threshold were interpreted as having focal uptake. As the test group, 48 un-treated patients who had undergone a staging FDG-PET/CT between 2017-2018 with biopsy-proven HL were retrospectively included. Ten physicians classified the 48 cases regarding focal skeleton/BMU. Results: The majority of the physicians agreed with the AI in 39/48 cases (81%) regarding focal skeleton/bone marrow involvement. Inter-observer agreement between the physicians was moderate, Kappa 0.51 (range 0.25-0.80). Conclusion: An AI-based method can be developed to highlight suspicious focal skeleton/BMU in HL patients staged with FDG-PET/CT. Inter-observer agreement regarding focal BMU is moderate among nuclear medicine physicians.
Independent Variables for Determining the Cumulative Live Birth Rates of Aged Patients With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome or Tubal Factor Infertility: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Kong Pingping , Xiao Zhiying , Zhang Junyan , He Jingfang , Geng Wenjun , Yan Junfang , Sun Simin , Mu Mingkun , Du Xiaofang , Wang Xingling , Guan Yichun 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have a higher ovarian reserve and 9 number of oocytes retrieved than women with tubal infertility. To assess whether women of 10 advanced age (≥35 years) with PCOS have the same cumulative live birth rate (CLBR) as their age-11 matched controls with tubal factor infertility and to determine the influencing factors on the CLBRs 12 of aged women. 13 Methods: A total of 190 women of advanced age (≥35 years) with PCOS and 627 women with tubal 14 factor infertility were included in our study. All patients underwent their first fresh cycles and 15 subsequent frozen cycles in our centre from 2007 to 2018. To determine independent influencing 16 factors on the CLBRs of these aged patients, a multivariable Cox regression model of CLBR 17 according to the transfer cycle type was constructed. 18 Results: The Cox regression model of the CLBRs indicated that there was no significant difference 19 between the PCOS group and the tubal infertility group in terms of advanced age (HR, 0.96; 95% CI, 20 0.77~1.20). The CLBR significantly decreased for women of advanced reproductive age up to 37 21 years of age (HR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.53~0.80). The CLBR increased by 31% when more than ten 22 oocytes were retrieved (HR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.08~1.59). In addition to age and the number of oocytes, 23 the addition of recombinant LH was an independent factor that increased the CLBRs of the women of 24 advanced age (HR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.03~1.53). 25 Conclusions: Despite the higher number of oocytes retrieved in PCOS patients, the reproductive 26 window is not extended for PCOS patients compared with tubal factor infertility patients. Age, the 27 number of oocytes retrieved and supplementation with LH play crucial roles in the CLBRs of 28 patients of advanced age (≥35 years).
Gut&nbsp;Microbiome Couples Gut and Brain During Calorie Restriction in Treating Obesity
Authors: Qiang Zeng , Wang Qi , Xiang Tianyuan , Ou Lei , Wu Xiaoling , Cai Kaiye , Zeng Chunyu , Han Mo , Li Zhongxia , Wang Wen , Yang Tingting , Li Fengyun , Ma Huimin , Zhao Xiaojuan , Na Mi , Gao Hui , Tong Li , Zhang Chi , Wang Linyuan , Yan Bin , Yu Ziya , Lan Canhui , Wang Xiaoning , Yongli Li , Wang Jun , Wang Ziyu 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Calorie restriction (CR) has been widely recognized for its effect in reducing body weight and alleviating diabetes in humans, as well as prolonging life span in animal studies. Gut microbiome shifts contribute to part of the effects of CR, but little is known regarding their influences except on metabolism and immunity.Methods: We combined the human population-based (metagenomic, metatranscriptomics shotgun sequencing data) and mice-based approaches to revealed microbial determinants that could contribute to successful weight loss.Results: Microbiome changes are linked to changes in blood metabolome and hormones, which eventually correlate to brain functional changes as studied using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Brain functional shifts indicate response of central neural system (CNS) to CR, and microbiome constitutes thekeystone of gut-brain axis. Animal experiment further reaffirms the gut microbiome changes, metabolic and hormonal shifts of CR, while proteomic analysis of brain tissues suggest that epigenetic modifications of key proteins could explain responses of CNS to CR.Conclusion: Our study establishes linkage between CR, gut microbiome, metabolome/ hormones and CNS function, and demonstrates that CR has multi-facet, coordinated effects on the host, of which many could contribute to weight loss and other beneficial effects.
Oral and Intravenous Iron Therapy Differentially Alter The on- and Off-Tumour Microbiota in Anaemic Colorectal Cancer Patients.
Authors: Phipps Oliver , Al-Hassi Hafid Omar , Quraishi Mohammed Nabil , Dickson Edward A , Segal Jonathan , Steed Helen , Kumar Aditi , Acheson Austin G , Beggs Andrew D , Brookes Matthew J 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background Iron deficiency anaemia is a common complication of colorectal cancer and may require iron therapy. Oral iron can increase iron available to gut bacteria and may alter the colonic microbiota. We performed an intervention study to compare oral and intravenous iron therapy on the colonic tumour-associated (on-tumour) and paired non-tumour-associated adjacent (off-tumour) microbiota. Anaemic patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma received either oral ferrous sulphate (n=16) or intravenous ferric carboxymaltose (n=24). On- and off-tumour biopsies were obtained post-surgery and microbial profiling was performed using 16S ribosomal RNA analysis.Results Off-tumour α- and β-diversity were significantly different between iron treatment groups. No differences in on-tumour diversity were observed. Off-tumour microbiota of oral iron-treated patients shows higher abundances of the orders Clostridiales, Cytophagales and Anaeroplasmatales compared to intravenous iron-treated patients. The on-tumour microbiota was enriched with the orders Lactobacillales and Alteromonadales in the oral and intravenous iron groups, respectively. The on- and off-tumour microbiota associated with intravenous iron-treated patients infers increased abundances of enzymes involved in iron sequestration and anti-inflammatory/oncogenic metabolite production, compared to oral iron-treated patients. Paired on- and off-tumour microbiota show large taxonomic differences in intravenous iron-treated patients and limited differences in oral iron-treated patients.Conclusion Oral iron shows a large shift in the off-tumour microbiota, but a more limited change in on-tumour microbiota. The on- and off-tumour microbiota in intravenous iron-treated patients infers a microbiota associated with anti-inflammatory and tumour protective pathways. Suggesting intravenous iron may be a more appropriate therapy to limit adverse microbial outcomes, compared to oral iron.Trial registration: NCT01701310. Registered 21 March 2012, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01701310
Identification of a Glycolysis-Related Gene Signature For Survival Prediction of Ovarian Cancer Patients
Authors: Zhang Dai , Yang Si , Li Yiche , Wang Meng , yao Jia , Zheng Yi , Deng Yujiao , Li Na , Wei Bajin , Wu Ying , Zhai Zhen , Dai Zhi-Jun , Kang Huafeng 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Ovarian cancer (OV) is deemed as the most lethal gynecological cancer in women. The aim of this study was construct an effective gene prognostic model for OV patients.Methods: The expression profiles of glycolysis-related genes (GRGs) and clinical data of patients with OV were extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Univariate, multivariate, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox regression analyses were conducted, and a prognostic signature based on GRGs was constructed. The predictive ability of the signature was analyzed in training and test sets.Results: Based on nine GRGs (ISG20, CITED2, PYGB, IRS2, ANGPTL4, TGFBI, LHX9, PC, and DDIT4), a gene risk signature was identified to predict the outcome of patients with OV. The signature showed a good prognostic ability for OV, particularly high-grade OV, in the TCGA dataset, with areas under the curve of 0.709, 0.762, and 0.808 for 3-, 5- and 10-year survival, respectively. Similar results were found in the test sets, and the signature was also an independent prognostic factor. Moreover, a nomogram combining the prediction model and clinical factors was constructed.Conclusion: Our study established a nine-GRG risk model and a nomogram to better perform on OV patients’ survival prediction. The risk model represents a promising and independent prognostic predictor for OV patients. Moreover, our study of GRGs could offer guidance for underlying mechanisms explorations in the future.
Epidemiological profile of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant Mycobacterium Tubrculosis among Congolese patients&nbsp;
Authors: ASSIANA Darrel ELION , ABDUL Pacôme ACHIMI , LINGUISSI Laure Stella GHOMA , EPOLA Micheska , VOUVOUNGU Jeannhey , MABIALA Albert , Biyogho Christopher , EDOA Jean Ronald , ADEGBITE Bayodé , ADEGNIKA Akim , Elton Linzy , Canseco Julio Ortiz , McHugh Timothy D , AHOMBO Gabriel , Ntoumi Francine 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a public health problem and early detection of drug resistance is crucial to prevent transmission of drug-resistant TB and avoid mortality. There is paucity of data on the prevalence and distribution of MDR-TB at the Republic of Congo. However, the challenges of establishing a robust testing program are significant. In resource limited settings there is a need to gather data to enable prioritization of actions. The objective of this study was to characterize the epidemiological profile of MDR and XDR-TB among presumptive tuberculosis patients referred to Makélékélé hospital in Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo.
Methods

We have conducted a cross-sectional study, including a total of 92 patients recruited at the Makélékélé hospital from October 2018 to October 2019. The socio-demographic and clinical data were collected as well as sputum samples. Rifampicin resistance was investigated using Xpert (Cepheid) and second-line TB drugs Susceptibility testing were performed by the Brucker HAIN Line Probe Assay (GenoType MTBDRsl VER 2.0 assay) method.
Results

From the 92 recruited patients, 57 (62%) were found positive for the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. The prevalence of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB) was 9.8% (9/92) and importantly 2.2% were pre-XDR/XDR.
Conclusion

This study showed a high rate of rifampicin resistance and the presence of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in the study area in new patients. This study suggests early diagnosis of resistant tuberculosis should be considered using more sensitive diagnostic tools. Rapid molecular diagnostic tools such as GeneXpert need to be installed in health centers for better management of resistant tuberculosis.
Organ Specific Responses to First-line Lenvatinib Plus Anti-PD-1 Antibodies in Patients With Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma: a Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Huang Cheng , Zhu Xiao-Dong , Shen Ying-Hao , Wu Dong , Ji Yuan , Ge Ning-Ling , Chen Ling-Li , Tan Chang-Jun , Zhou Jian , Fan Jia , Sun Hui-Chuan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundWe evaluated organ-specific response rates (OSRRs) to first-line lenvatinib plus anti-PD-1 antibodies in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsThis retrospective analysis included Chinese patients with unresectable/advanced HCC who received first-line lenvatinib (8 mg/day) plus ≥3 infusions of anti-PD-1 antibodies between October 2018 and May 2020. Tumor and macrovascular tumor thrombi (MVTT) treatment responses were evaluated every 2 months using RECIST v1.1. The overall response rate (ORR)/OSRR was defined as the percentage of patients with a best overall response of complete or partial response (CR or PR).ResultsIn total, 60 patients were included in the analysis; 96.7% had measurable intrahepatic lesions, 55% had MVTT and 26.7% had extrahepatic disease. In all 60 patients, the ORR was 33.3%, median progression-free survival was 7.0 months (95% CI, 1.7-12.3) and median overall survival was not reached. The OSRR for MVTT (54.5%) was higher versus intrahepatic tumors (32.8%), extrahepatic lung metastases (37.5%) and lymph node metastases (33.3%). Among 33 patients with intrahepatic tumors and MVTT, 18 had differential responses in each site, including 13 with a better response in MVTT versus intrahepatic lesions. Among 18 patients whose MVTT achieved a radiographic CR or PR, six underwent surgical resection: 4/6 achieved a pathological CR in MVTT and 2/6 in the intrahepatic tumor.ConclusionsFirst-line lenvatinib plus anti-PD-1 antibodies resulted in better tumor responses in MVTT versus intrahepatic lesions. Complete MVTT necrosis may allow downstaging and subsequent eligibility for surgical resection in a proportion of patients with advanced HCC.
High Temperature Metamaterial Enhanced Electromagnetic Absorbing Coating Prepared With Alumina Ceramic&nbsp;
Authors: Zhao Shixin , Ma Hua , Shao Tengqiang , Wang Jun , Yang Zhaoning , Meng Yueyu , Feng Mingde , Wang Jiafu , Jia Yanmin , Qu Shaobo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
At present, a series of challenges are impeding the large-scale application of the high temperature radar absorbing coatings (RACs), such as the complex preparation of raw material and the complicated technology of processing. In this paper, a new, thin and high-temperature metamaterial RAC (MRAC) with strong absorption was designed and experimentally demonstrated, composing of a radar absorbing coating and a layer of metamaterial. To avoid the need for the complex preparation of raw materials, pure alumina was selected as the radar absorbing coating. Meanwhile, plasma spraying and screen printing were employed to simplify the manufacture technology to produce the absorbing coating and the metamaterial layer, ensuring its feasibility and practicality. The metamaterial layer was prepared with a high temperature conductive paste and it improved the impedance matching of the coating and regulated the electromagnetic (EM) resonance. With the ability to consume more incident EM waves, excellent absorption performance at high temperature was achieved with relatively small thickness. In the 8 ~ 18 GHz band, the MRAC bandwidth for reflection loss (RL) below -5dB almost covered the frequency of 10 ~18 GHz with a thickness of only 1.5 mm at 800 ℃. This new metamaterial has broad application prospects by the virtue of its simplicity and ease of production.
Genistein Protects Epilepsy-Induced Brain Injury Through Regulating The JAK2/STAT3 and Keap1/Nrf2 Signaling Pathways in The Developing Rats
Authors: Hu Qing-peng , Huang Xiang-yi , Feng Wei , Chen Fen-fang , Yan Hong-xia , Zhang Xin , Zhou Yang -wan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Epilepsy is a common chronic neurological disease caused by the over-synchronization of neurons that lead to brain dysfunction. Recurrent seizures or status epilepticus can cause irreversible brain damage. The JAK2-STAT3 signal transduction pathway is stimulated by cytokines and involved in various pathological processes including inflammation, apoptosis and immune regulation in central system diseases. Keap1/Nrf2 is an important anti-oxidative stress pathway, which can reduce the toxic effects of oxygen free radicals and endogenous toxins on neurons. Genistein (Gen) can modulate inflammation and neuronal apoptosis, and may thereby have antiepileptic effects. This study aimed to explore the regulation of Genistein on JAK2/STAT3 and Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway and the protective effects on brain injury after epilepsy. Methods: Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) was used to induce epilepsy in developing rats and Genistein was used for pretreatment of epilepsy. The seizure latency, grade scores and duration of the first generalized tonic-clonic seizure (GTCs) were recorded. Hippocampus tissue was sampled at 24 hours post-epilepsy. Immunofluorescence staining was used to observe the number of mature neurons, activated microglia and astrocytes in the hippocampal CA1 region. Western blot and qRT-PCR were used to determine the protein and mRNA levels of p-JAK2, p-STAT3, TNF-α, IL-1β, Keap1, Nrf2, HO-1, NQO1, caspase3, Bax and Bcl2 in the hippocampus. Results: Immunofluorescence showed that the number of neurons significantly decreased, and activated microglia and astrocytes significantly increased after epilepsy; Western blot and q-PCR showed that the expressions of p-JAK2, p-STAT3, TNF-α, IL-1β, Keap1, caspase3 and Bax significantly increased, while Nrf2, HO-1, NQO1 and Bcl-2 were significantly reduced after epilepsy. These effects were reversed by Genistein treatment. Moreover, Genistein was found to prolong seizure latency and reduce seizure intensity score and duration of generalized tonic-clonic seizures(GTCs). Conclusions: Genistein can activate the Keap1/Nrf2 antioxidant stress pathway and attenuate the activation of microglia and astrocytes. Genistein also inhibits the JAK2-STAT3 inflammation pathway and expression of apoptotic proteins, and increases the number of surviving neurons, thus having a protective effect on epilepsy-induced brain damage.
Transcriptomic Profiling Identifies DCBLD2 as a Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarker in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Feng Zengyu , Li Kexian , Shi Minmin , Feng Yeliu , Chen Hao , Wu Yulian , Peng Chenghong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Accumulating evidence showed that the elevated expression of DCBLD2 is associated with unfavorable prognosis of various cancers. However, the correlation of DCBLD2 expression value with the diagnosis and prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has not yet been elucidated.Methods: Univariate Cox regression analysis was used to screen robust survival-related genes. Expression pattern of selected genes was investigated in PDAC tissues and normal tissues from multiple cohorts. Kaplan–Meier (K-M) survival curves, ROC curves and calibration curves were employed to assess prognostic performance. The relationship between DCBLD2 expression and immune cell infiltrates was conducted by CIBERSORT software. Biological processes and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses were adopted to clarify the potential function of DCBLD2 in PDAC.Results: Univariate analysis, K-M survival curves and calibration curves indicated that DCBLD2 was a robust prognostic factor for PDAC with cross-cohort compatibility. Upregulation of DCBLD2 was observed in dissected PDAC tissues as well as extracellular vesicles from both plasma and serum samples of PDAC patients. Both tissue and extracellular vesicle-encapsulated DCBLD2 expression have significant diagnostic value. Besides, DCBLD2 expression is correlated with infiltrating level of CD8 + T cells and macrophage M2 cells. Functional enrichment revealed that DCBLD2 may be involved in cell motility, angiogenesis, and cancer-associated pathways.Conclusions: Our study systematically analyzed the potential diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic value of DCBLD2 in PDAC. All the findings indicated that DCBLD2 may play a considerably oncogenic role in PDAC with diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic potential. These preliminary results of bioinformatics analyses need to be further validated in more prospective studies.
Prevalence, incidence and molecular characterization of tape worms in Al Taif governorate, KSA and the effectiveness of Spirulina platensis as a biological control in vitro
Authors: Al-Otaibi Bedor O. , Degheidy Nabila S. , Al-Malki Jamila 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
Tapeworms are parasites that infect sheep and cattle and live in the small intestine, causing many problems, including diarrhea and weight loss, which leads to losses in livestock breeding. One of the most common tapeworms that infects sheep, goats and cattle Moniezea expansa, Moniezea benedene, Avitellina centripunctata, Thysaniezia giardia and Stilesia hepatic.
Methods
A total (965) of small intestine were collected from postmortem sheep of slaughter house of Al Taif abattoir during the period from October 2018 to September 2019. The PCR product of cox1 gene (364 bp) was sequenced and then data were aligned with the same fragment of cox1 gene for other related helminths parasites. In vitro determination of the anthelmintic efficacy of Spirulina platensis on adult Moniezia.
Results
The results reported that about 9.94% of selected sheep were infected with tape worms in native breed. Concerning the seasonal incidence of tape worms among sheep, the results revealed that the highest percentage was recorded during winter season (11.3%), while the lowest percentage was recorded during the spring (7.72%). The species of tape worms recorded were Moniezea expansa, Moniezea benedene, Avitellina centripunctata, Thysaniezia giardia and Stilesia hepatic. Molecular characterization of Al Taif Moniezia species cox1 gene records four different species Me Taif1, Me Taif2, Me Taif3 and Me Taif4, that have identity ranged from 90–99% to species in Senegal and Ethiopia (Me13, Me14 and Me22). In vitro treatment of Monizia spp. with different concentrations (10, 20, 30 and 50 µg/ml) of Spirulina platensis extract (Blue-green Algae) affects the morphological architecture of tape worms by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results revealed that Spirulina platensis extract treatment, especially for higher doses 30 and 50 µg/ml, caused the sucker opening to narrow as a result of scolex swelling more than usual, deformation of the proglottids occurred with circular areas of declare swelling along their margins and microtriches covering the whole tegument appears in several directions.
Conclusions
As per of our knowledge it is the first time to record new species of Moniezia species in Al Taif governorate and the anthelmintic potential of Spirulina platensis.