bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of PCB contamination in fish oil on gene expression involved in inflammation and DNA repair enzymes in rat colon (824.4)
Authors: DeHamer Rebecca , Hong Mee Young 
Published: June 2021

Experimental data has indicated that fish oil has health implications in preventing colon cancer prevalence through mechanisms involved in inflammation and DNA repair. However, discussions have yet to include possible environmental contaminant variables found in some fish or fish oil. We investigated the effects of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB, 4000 ng/ml fat) contaminated fish oil supplementation for 9 weeks in order to examine colonic gene expression involving inflammation and DNA repair enzymes by real time PCR in azoxymethane‐treated rats. Non‐contaminated and contaminated fish oil groups down‐regulated cyclooxygenase‐2 (P=0.040) and Rel A expression (p = 0.003) compared to corn oil group. Both fish oil groups up‐regulated transcription of 06‐methylguanine DNA methyltransferase gene, with the non‐contaminated group reporting a larger increase over the PCB contaminated group (P=0.044). These results suggest that dietary fish oil protects against colon cancer by lowering pro‐inflammatory gene levels and elevating DNA repair enzyme gene expression. PCB contaminated fish oil may reduce the beneficial effects of fish oil on colon carcinogenesis. Longer duration and different range of contaminant levels may benefit future studies.Grant Funding Source: Supported by CHNR08‐810, SDSU UGP and NUTR 302L class.
Independent effects of BMI, CRP and carotenoids, but not diet change, on LPS binding protein concentrations (825.2)
Authors: Umoh Faith , Ren Jianwei , Ruffin Mack , Turgeon D. , Sen Ananda , Brenner Dean , Djunic Zora 
Published: June 2021

Mediterranean diets are known to have anti‐inflammatory effects as compared with Western diets, but the etiology of this association is not known. One factor that could contribute to the chronic, low‐grade pro‐inflammatory state that is associated with Western diets is exposure to intestinal bacteria. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide exposures elicit an immune response that is mediated by lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP). LBP helps concentrate lipopolysaccharide at membrane toll‐like receptors. In this study, blood samples were obtained from 120 subjects at high risk for colon cancer before and after randomization to either a Mediterranean or Healthy Eating diet for 6 months. There was no significant change in serum LBP concentrations in either diet arm. In evaluating influential factors at baseline, there was a significant inverse correlation between LBP and serum carotenoids (r = ‐0.299, p<0.001), and positive correlations with C‐reactive protein (r =0.323, p<0.001) and BMI (r =0.322, p=0.004). These three factors had independent effects and accounted for 14% of the variability in serum LBP concentrations at baseline. Since the study was designed to maintain baseline weight, it was not possible to evaluate the effects of weight change on LBP levels. Both interventions did increase serum carotenoids, but the study was only 6 months long which could limit any diet intervention effects. Further research should be designed to delineate the relative effects of diet quality and body weight on serum LBP concentrations. Research on methods to quantify bacterial exposures more directly is also needed to enable studies of the links between intestinal microflora, systemic pro‐inflammatory states and cancer.Grant Funding Source: Supported by NIH grants RO1 CA120381 and P50 CA130810
Dietary patterns and gastric cancer risk in Mexico (825.3)
Authors: Denova‐Gutiérrez Edgar , Hernández‐Ramírez Raúl , López‐Carrillo Lizbeth 
Published: June 2021

Objective: To identify the dietary patterns of residents of Mexico City and to assess the association of these patterns with gastric cáncer (GC). Methods: A population based case‐control study with 248 histologically confirmed GC cases and 478 controls paired by age and sex was carried out. The dietary patterns were characterized from 22 food groups through factorial analysis. Results: Three major dietary patterns were identified.pattern 1 was characterized by the consumption of vegetables, fruits and white meat; subjects in the highest quintile of this pattern had a lower GC risk than those in the lowest quintile [Odds Ratio (ORQ5 vs. Q1) = 0.43; 95% Confidence Interval (95%CI): 0.24‐0.77; P‐trend=0.010]. The second pattern included food sources containing simple sugars; a comparison between the extreme quintiles of this pattern resulted in the following: ORQ5vs. Q1 =4.80; 95%CI: 2.56‐8.98; P‐trend<0.001). Conclusión:This is the first study of associations between dietary patterns and GC in Mexico to confirm that GC risk is lower in individuals with healthy dietary patterns.Grant Funding Source: This study was financially supported by CONACYT (Salud‐2002‐001‐7107)
Cholesterol homeostasis actors and survival time after glioblastoma surgery (825.4)
Authors: Olivier Christope , Cartron Pierre‐François , Joalland Marie‐Pierre , Vallette François , Bard Jean‐Marie 
Published: June 2021

Background and objective: Lipid composition has been related to the malignancy grade of glial human tumors. Activation of LXR (Liver X Receptor) by nutrients in cancer cells may lead to cell deprivation in cholesterol, inhibition of proliferation and stimulation of apoptosis. The goal of this study is to relate the expression of some proteins driven by LXR with survival time in glioblastoma (GBM).Methods: Expression of ABCA1, ABCG1, ApoE, VEGFa, PON2, LXRb, FDPS was evaluated by Q‐PCR in tumors obtained after surgery. Relationship with survival time and hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated by Kaplan‐Meier method and Cox proportional hazards models.Results: ABCG1 (HR= 0,51 [0,27‐0,98] p=0,0418), ABCA1 (HR =0,45 [0,23‐0,88] p=0,0202) and apo E (HR=0,36 [0,18‐0,71] p=0,0030), were inversely associated with survival time. VEGFa (HR = 2,43 [1,25‐4,73] p=0,0087), PON2 (HR= 2,12 [1,11‐4,04] p=0,0224) and FDPS (HR=3,63 [1,82‐7,23] p=0,0002) were positively associated with survival time. LXRb was not associated with survival time (HR=1,74 [0,91‐3,30]p=0,0911). ABCG1 (p=0.041), ApoE (p=0.012) and FDPS (p=0.00038) were correlated with PDGFRb, a marker of aggressiveness.Conclusion: Expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism is related to survival time in patients with GBM. These results open new perspectives in a nutritional approach of this pathology.
Plasma 25‐hydroxycholecalciferol before and after supplementation in paediatric oncology patients from the UK: a time‐series cross‐sectional study (825.6)
Authors: Revuelta Iniesta Raquel , McKenzie Jane , Ilenia Paciarotti , Mark Brougham , Wilson David 
Published: June 2021

Aims: To assess 25‐hydroxycholecalciferol [25(OH)D] status before and after macronutrient and micronutrient supplementation in a Scottish paediatric oncology population.Methods: Plasma 25(OH)D was measured twice in patients aged <18 years, diagnosed and treated for cancer. Supplementation was prescribed according to UK guidelines and consisted of macronutrient (enteral, +/‐ parenteral nutrition) and micronutrient (vitamin D, multivitamins, +/‐macronutrient). 25(OH)D deficiency was classified according to Scottish laboratory reference; suboptimal (50‐75nmol/L), insufficient (25‐50nmol/L) and deficient (<25nmol/L). Descriptive statistics and Wilcoxon test were performed.Results: 40 patients had plasma 25(OH)D available before and after supplementation. Median (IQR) time between diagnosis and supplementation was 0.29 (0.2‐0.7) years. At baseline, plasma 25(OH)D was suboptimal in 23% of patients and below suboptimal in 62.5%. 17.5% received macronutrient supplementation; of these 43% remained below suboptimal. Median (IQR) 25(OH)D decreased from 77 (42‐81) to 54 (19‐89) nmol/L. Conversely, those supplemented with micronutrients (82.5%) had a significant improvement in 25(OH)D (p<0.001; r‐0.7); median (IQR) increased from 26.5 (15‐37) to 65.5(44‐87) nmol/L; yet 20% remained below suboptimal levels.Conclusion: 25(OH)D deficiency was highly prevalent, only improving following micronutrient supplementation. To optimise the 25(OH)D status of this population, regular monitoring alongside appropriate supplementation should be incorporated into clinical practice.Grant Funding Source: Supported by Fergus Maclay Leukaemia Trust, Queen Margaret University and Leukaemia and Cancer Trust
Homocysteine is associated with microvascular abnormalities in sickle cell disease (827.13)
Authors: Samarron Sandra , Green Ralph , Miller Joshua , Lin Xin , Wun Ted , Cheung Anthony 
Published: June 2021

The pathophysiology of sickle cell disease (SCD) includes anemia as well as vasculopathy affecting both the micro‐ and macrovasculature. Elevated plasma homocysteine (HCY) is common in SCD patients and may be associated with increased risk of vascular complications. Microvascular characteristics in the bulbar conjunctiva were assessed in 38 SCD patients (19 pediatric, 19 adult) using computer‐assisted intravital microscopy. A severity index (SI), on a scale of 0‐15, was computed to quantify the degree of microvasculopathy in each subject. Serum folate, B12, and creatinine, and plasma pyridoxal‐5'‐phosphate and HCY were determined for each subject. Associations with SI were assessed by multiple regression analysis, controlling for age and sex. Age was strongly correlated with microvasculopathy in the SCD patients, with the SI increasing about 0.1 unit per 1 year increase in age (p<0.001). HCY was directly correlated with SI after controlling for age and sex (p=0.002). None of the B vitamins or creatinine was significantly correlated with SI. Age and HCY are independent determinants of microvasculopathy in SCD patients. B vitamin supplementation, specifically folate, B12 and B6, lowers HCY levels. High dose B vitamin therapy started early in life may maintain low blood levels of HCY, and possibly prevent or slow the progression of microvasculopathy and its associated complications in SCD patients.Grant Funding Source: Supported by NIH HL083276
An increase in complex carbohydrate consumption results in higher colonic folate content in African Americans (827.16)
Authors: Chan Yen‐Ming , Ou Junhai , Aufreiter Susanne , O'Connor Deborah , O'Keefe Stephen 
Published: June 2021

It has been proposed that inclusion of complex carbohydrates in the diet may increase the production of bacterially synthesized folate impacting the folate concentration of colonocytes. Folate has been extensively studied for its potential colorectal cancer risk‐lowering effects. The aim of this study was to investigate whether reciprocal dietary switch between African Americans (AA, usually with low carbohydrates intake) and Native Africans (NA, usually with high carbohydrates intake) affects the production of colonic folate. Colonic evacuants were obtained from 20 NA and 20 AA at baseline. Thereafter, NA were provided with a typical AA diet (protein 27%, fat 52%, carbohydrate 21% and fiber 12g/d) for two weeks. AA were provided with a typical NA diet (protein 14%, fat 16%, carbohydrate 70% and fiber 55 g/d) for 2 weeks. Colonic evacuants were again collected. The folate in evacuants was measured by microbial assay. There was no difference in colonic folate concentration (FC) or total folate content (TF) of NA and AA at baseline. The dietary intervention did not affect the FC (1.3±1.2 vs 1.3±1.2 µg/mL [pre vs post]) or TF (2261±2017 vs 2157±1956 µg/d) in the NA group. However, the high complex carbohydrate, low protein intervention diet consumed by AA resulted in higher FC (1.5±1.3 vs 2.3±1.3 µg/mL; p=0.0003) and TF (2197±2483 vs 3107±1811 µg/d; p=0.0037) compared to baseline. In conclusion, introduction of a high complex carbohydrate, low protein diet resulted in higher production of colonic folate.Grant Funding Source: by NSERC (#453108) and NIH (#CA135379)
Riboflavin intakes and status of Korean adults (827.3)
Authors: Choi Ji Young , Kim Young‐Nam , Cho Youn‐Ok 
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine riboflavin intakes and status of Korean adults. Three consecutive 24‐hour recalls and urine samples were collected from 149 healthy adults (70 males and 79 females), aged 20‐65y, living in Seoul and metropolitan area, Republic of Korea. The mean riboflavin intakes (mean/SD) were 1.33/0.34 mg/day and 0.69/0.16 mg/1000 kcal. The subjects aged 20‐29y had the lowest riboflavin intake, significantly lower than the intakes of 30‐39 y olds (P=<0.05). Approximately 25 % of the subjects consumed riboflavin less than the Korean Estimated Average Requirement and 50 % consumed less than the Korean Recommended Nutrient intake for riboflavin. Average urine riboflavin concentration was 205/190 ug/g creatinine. There was no significant difference in urine riboflavin levels among age groups. Eleven percent of the subjects were riboflavin deficient (urine riboflavin <27 μg/g creatinine), and urine riboflavin concentrations of 20.8 % were 27‐<80 μg/g creatinine, which is representative of low riboflavin status. Therefore, one‐third of these Korean adults were at risk of inadequate riboflavin status. Korean adults may need to be encouraged to consume riboflavin‐rich foods.Grant Funding Source: Supported by 2013 research fund of National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF‐2011‐0021273)
Formate: a key metabolite for the fetus and neonatal animal (827.5)
Authors: Brosnan John , Washburn Shannon , Harnett Brian , MacMillan Luke , Pongnopparat Theerawat , Brosnan Margaret 
Published: June 2021

One‐carbon metabolism, mediated by tetrahydrofolate (THF), is critical for nucleotide synthesis and for methylation reactions, including DNA methylation and the synthesis of small molecules such as creatine and phosphatidylcholine. In addition to one‐carbon groups carried by THF it is apparent that formate is also a key intermediate in one‐carbon metabolism. Produced within mitochondria, formate is released to the cytosol, and incorporated into 10‐formyl‐THF where it may be directly used for purine synthesis or converted to more reduced forms for thymidylate synthesis and for the methylation of homocysteine to methionine. We employed a GC/MS, isotope dilution assay to measure formate levels in situations of rapid growth and development. Plasma [formate] was ~40 uM in adult rats; however, levels of ~400 uM were evident in neonatal (2‐3 days old) rats, declining to adult levels at about 56 days. Plasma [formate] was ~10 uM in non‐pregnant ewes; this increases to ~40 uM during pregnancy. Much higher levels were found in plasma from fetal lambs and amniotic fluid (116‐121 days gestation). We suggest that these data point to a key role for formate in growing organisms, possibly in distributing one‐carbon groups to different organs. (Supported by CIHR, RDC).Grant Funding Source: CIHR, RDC
Association of one‐carbon and tryptophan metabolites with vitamin B‐6 concentrations in oral contraceptive users (827.7)
Authors: Rios‐Avila Luisa , Coats Bonnie , Chi Yueh‐Yun , Midttun Øivind , Ueland Per , Stacpoole Peter , Gregory Jesse 
Published: June 2021

Vitamin B‐6 in the form of pyridoxal 5’‐phosphate (PLP) serves as a coenzyme in 1C metabolism and tryptophan (trp) catabolism. In 1C metabolism, PLP acts a coenzyme for serine hydroxymethyltransferase and glycine decarboxylase (glycine‐cleavage system) involved in the provision of 1C units, as well as for the transsulfuration enzymes, cystathionine β‐synthase and cystathionine γ‐lyase. In trp catabolism, PLP is a cofactor for kynureninase and kynurenine aminotransferase. Associations between plasma PLP and changes in metabolites involved in these pathways have previously been reported. We investigated the associations between plasma PLP with 1C and trp metabolites in 165 oral contraceptive users (20‐40 y) from Gainesville, Florida. Plasma concentrations of PLP, homocysteine, cysteine, cysteinylglycine and glutathione were measured by HPLC. Plasma concentrations of other major 1C and trp metabolites were measured by LC‐MS/MS. Associations of PLP concentrations (14.4‐189 nmol/l) with 1C metabolite concentrations were explored by Pearson’s product‐moment correlation. Preliminary data showed a weak negative association of PLP with homocysteine, a moderate negative association of PLP with glutathione (P < 0.05), and a weak positive association of PLP with cysteine and cysteinylglycine concentrations, separately (P < 0.05).Grant Funding Source: Supported by NIH Grant DK072398 and NIH CTSA grant 1UL1RR029890.
B vitamins reduce body weight gain and increase metabolism related enzyme activities in rats (828.11)
Authors: Aiguo Ma , Zheng Ying , Wang Qiuzhen , Li Yong , Liang Hui , Han Xiuxia , Schouten Evert , Wu Da Yong 
Published: June 2021

B vitamins as enzyme cofactors play an important role in energy metabolism. The aim of this study was to determine whether B vitamins can affect body weight (BW) and activity of energy metabolism‐related enzymes in an animal model. Fifty Wistar rats were randomly divided to 3 groups and were fed a diet containing 10% fat (LF), a diet containing 45% fat (HF), or a HF diet supplemented with B vitamins (100 mg/kg BW for both thiamine and riboflavin, 250 mg/kg niacin) (HF+B). After rats were fed for 12 weeks, HF group had significantly larger weight gain than LF group (285.2±14.8 g versus 159.1±53.0 g, P<0.05), while HF+B group had a weight gain (154.5±58.4 g) not significantly different from that in LF group. In addition, compared to HF group, HF+B group had significantly lower levels of plasma total cholesterol (1.19±0.18 mM versus 1.59±0.30 mM), and triglyceride (0.76±0.34 mM versus 1.55±0.40 mM). Activity of transketolase, glutathione reductase, and Na+/K+ adenosine triphosphatase was higher in HF+B group than that in HF group. In conclusion, B vitamin supplementation reduces HF‐induced weigh gain and increase in blood lipids, which may be associated with enhanced activity of the energy metabolism‐related enzymes.Grant Funding Source: NSFC‐81172662
Effect of dried California mission figs on minerals status and food replacement (828.12)
Authors: Alshaeri Heba , Natto Zuhair , Tonstad Serena , Haddad Ella , Jaceldo‐Siegl Karen 
Published: June 2021

Background and Objective: Figs are a rich source of several minerals and fibers. We investigated the effect of consuming dried California Mission figs on different minerals, nutrients and the effect of adding figs to a self‐selected habitual diet on dietary patterns.Methods: A total of 88 subjects in a cross design study with the mean of age about 56 years were randomized to either eat their usual diet for 5 weeks or add dried California Mission figs (120 grams/day) to their usual diet for 5 weeks, then crossed over to the other group for another 5 weeks. Six 24‐hour dietary recalls and four blood samples were obtained from each subject.Results: Diets reported by 24 diet recall during the fig‐supplemented diet period had significantly higher calcium , and potassium in dietary and total phase (p value < 0.05). However, minerals reported by biochemical Analyses from blood sample were almost similar during figs‐added or usual diet. By eating figs, the estimated displacement suggests that an additional 4% dessert, 5% vegetables, 10% dairy products, 23% grain products, and 168% of beverages from other sources was eliminated.Conclusions: Daily consumption of figs may increase several minerals based on 24 hours recall. Minerals in blood samples were not significantly changed.
Very low birth weight infant vitamin D supplementation: double‐blind, randomized clinical efficacy trial (828.13)
Authors: Taylor Sarah , Wagner Carol , Finch Carolyn , Ebeling Myla , Hollis Bruce 
Published: June 2021

Objective: To evaluate whether infants receiving a supplemental 400 IU/day above standard preterm infant vitamin D (vitD) supplementation differed in mineral and bone health from infants receiving placebo.Methods: Very low birth weight (VLBW) infants with plasma 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] < 20 ng/ml (vitD deficiency) were enrolled within 3 days of birth and randomized to active (400 IU/day supplemental vitD) or placebo group until term age equivalent (TAE). At TAE, plasma 25(OH)D, parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium, phosphorus, urinary calcium and phosphorus excretion, and femur and spine bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) were measured. Statistical analysis was by Chi‐square, Fisher exact, and Wilcoxon Rank Sum.Results: Thirty‐eight (19 each group) vitD‐deficient infants were enrolled and followed at TAE. Active and control groups did not significantly differ in gender, race, birth gestational age, days from birth to TAE visit, or 25(OH)D at entry (13.6 and 11.8 ng/ml). From birth to TAE, median total vitD intake was significantly different between active and placebo groups (942 IU/day and 525 IU/day) (p<0.0001). At TAE, active and placebo groups were not statistically different in vitD deficiency, 25(OH)D status (32.9 and 28.9 ng/ml), calcium, phosphorus, PTH, urinary calcium excretion, urinary phosphorus excretion, and femur and spine BMC and BMD.Conclusions: VLBW infants receiving an additional 400 IU/day vitD received significantly higher vitD intake, but had no difference in vitD status, mineral homeostasis, or bone mineralization at term age.Grant Funding Source: Supported by NIH K23 RR021891 and RR1070
δ‐Tocotrienol tend to attenuate plasma triglyceride levels (829.12)
Authors: Gu Xuan , Min Byungjick , Lee Sun‐ok 
Published: June 2021

Tocotrienols have been shown to reduce the risk factors of cardiovascular disease. α‐ and γ‐tocotrienols are predominant forms of tocotrienols on the market. An animal study was conducted to examine the hypocholesterolemic effects of δ‐tocotrienol. 45 male Sprague Dawley rats (6 week old) were randomly assigned into four groups: normal fat control group (NFC) (n=9), high fat control group (HFC) (n=12), pure δ‐ tocotrienol group (dT3) (n=12), and δ‐tocotrienol rich oil group (DGT) (n=12). The NFC received AIN 93 diet (10% of energy from fat) and the other groups received high fat diet (38% of energy from fat) for 3 weeks. The treatment groups were gavaged with 20 mg dT3 and 25.25 mg DGT dispensed in 0.5ml of 5% tween‐eighty. The control groups were treated with the same vehicle alone in the same manner. Blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture for cholesterol profile. Plasma triglyceride was 7% and 12% lower in dT3 and DGT groups than HFC group. No significant differences were found in plasma total and HDL cholesterol levels. The results indicate δ‐ tocotrienol would be assist in lowering plasma triglyceride levels and may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.Grant Funding Source: Supported by Arkansas Bioscience Institute (ABI)