bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety and efficacy of cold snare polypectomy for small colorectal polyps
Authors: Ito Takahiro , Takahashi Keitaro , Tanabe Hiroki , Sato Keisuke , Goto Mitsuru , Sato Tomonobu , Tanaka Kazuyuki , Utsumi Tatsuya , Fujinaga Akihiro , Kawamoto Toru , Yanagawa Nobuyuki , Moriichi Kentaro , Fujiya Mikihiro , Okumura Toshikatsu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Trial design:
Elimination of small colorectal polyps with cold snare polypectomy (CSP) is reported to be as safe as hot snare polypectomy (HSP). The effectiveness of CSP has not been clearly defined, and the incidence of long-term recurrence has not been determined. We conducted a randomized control study and one-year follow-up study to assess their safety and efficacy.

Methods:
Patients with small colorectal polyps were randomized to receive CSP or HSP. Polypectomy was performed to determine the pathological curability, and patients completed a questionnaire about the tolerability of the procedure. Follow-up colonoscopy was performed to determine the local recurrence of adenoma. The major outcome was the non-inferiority of CSP to HSP in the rate of delayed bleeding and minor outcomes, including the incidence of immediate bleeding and perforation, procedural time, and the resection rate.

Results:
A total of 119 participants were recruited in this randomized study and underwent polypectomy. Among the 458 polyps, 332 eligible polyps were analyzed. The rate of adverse events was 0.6% (1/175) for CSP and 0% (0/157) for HSP, which showed the non-inferiority of CSP. While the complete resection rate of CSP was very high (100%), the R0 rate was not satisfactory (horizontal margin, 65.5%; vertical margin, 89.1%). Two local recurrences (2.5%) were observed in the follow-up of 80 adenomas treated with CSP. No recurrence was found in 79 lesions in the HSP group, which was not significant (P = .06).

Conclusions:
Colorectal polyps were safely resected using CSP, similar to HSP. Most would agree to say that CSP is considered safer than HSP. The main question is then related to efficacy. Our results of the present study demonstrate that recurrence after CSP should be carefully managed for curative treatment.
Acupuncture treatment for emotional problems in infertile women
Authors: Hwang Su-In , Sung Soo-Hyun , Yoon Young-Jin , Park Jang-Kyung 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background:
Infertility causes emotional and psychological problems, including anxiety, depression, low self-efficacy, and chronic mental stress in women. These emotional problems can negatively affect fertility treatment. Numerous studies have reported the clinical therapeutic effects of acupuncture on emotional problems; however, the efficacy and safety of acupuncture treatment for emotional problems in infertile women remain unclear. This protocol aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of acupuncture for treating emotional problems in infertile women.

Methods:
We will search the following databases from their inception to April 30, 2021: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Korean Medical Databases (KoreaMed, Korean studies Information Service System, Korean Traditional Knowledge Portal, Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System, Research Information Sharing Service, and National Digital Science Library), and Chinese databases (CNKI and Wan Fang Database). We will include randomized controlled trials on acupuncture for emotional problems in infertile women. There will be no restrictions regarding language or publication date. The primary outcome will be assessed using an emotion-related assessment scale. The risk of bias of the included studies will be measured using the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool. For meta-analysis, RevMan Version 5.4 software will be used to combine the relative risks for dichotomous outcomes, as well as the mean differences or standardized mean differences for continuous outcomes, with both having 95% confidence intervals.

Results:
Based on current evidence, this study will assess the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture for emotional problems in infertile women.

Conclusion:
This study will provide evidence for evaluating the acupuncture efficacy for infertile women with emotional problems.

Registration number:
INPLASY202150082.
Ovarian dysgerminoma with pseudo-Meigs syndrome
Authors: Li Xuebo , Chen Deqing , Jin Xiuhui , Xu Guangtao , Hu Bo , Zeng Xiansi , Jin Xin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Rationale:
Dysgerminoma is a rare malignant tumor of the ovary, more frequently occurring in young women. The main signs of pseudo-Meigs syndrome (PMS) are ascites and hydrothorax accompanying benign or malignant ovarian tumors (no fibroma or fibroma-like tumor).

Patient concerns:
A 19-year-old woman with fever and chest tightness for 2 days.

Diagnoses:
Pectoral-abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging revealed a large amount of right pleural effusion, a small amount of ascites, and a huge abdominopelvic mass measuring about 29.2cm × 11.8cm × 8.4 cm in the left ovary. The result of hydrothorax examination was consistent with the diagnosis of exudative pleural effusion. In addition, Rivalta-test showed a positive result and lactate dehydrogenase was elevated. The histopathological diagnosis was a giant germ cell tumor, which was consistent with dysgerminoma in terms of both morphology and immunophenotype. Based on these findings, a diagnosis of malignant ovarian neoplasm with PMS was made.

Interventions:
Surgical resection of the tumor was performed.

Outcomes:
The patient recovered well after operation, and the pleural effusion and abdominal ascites vanished. No recurrence was observed during the 1-year follow-up period.

Lessons:
Ovarian dysgerminoma with PMS is a rare malignant tumor of the ovary, which often occurs in young women. It should be considered in differential diagnosis of patients with a pelvic mass, ascites and pleural effusion. Early diagnosis and surgical treatment are beneficial to prolonged survival.
Rates of new HIV diagnoses among Indigenous peoples in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and the United States: 2009–2017
Authors: Koehn Katrina , Cassidy-Matthews Chenoa , Pearce Margo , Aspin Clive , Pruden Harlan , Ward James , Mullen Marama , Hogg Robert S. , Nicholson Valerie 
Published: June 2021

Objective:
To compare rates and trends of HIV diagnoses among Indigenous peoples in Canada (First Nations, Métis, Inuit, and other non-specified), Australia (Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders), the USA (American Indian, Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian, and Other Pacific Islanders), and New Zealand (Māori).

Design:
We employed publicly available surveillance data from 2009 to 2017 to estimate the rate per 100 000 of HIV diagnoses. Estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) in diagnosis rates was calculated using Poisson regression.

Setting:
The four countries have passive population-based HIV surveillance programs.

Participants:
Population estimates from respective census programs were used as rate denominators.

Main outcome measures:
Estimated annual HIV diagnosis rate per 100 000 and EAPC were calculated for total Indigenous peoples, women, and men.

Results:
As of 2017, rates of HIV were highest in Canada (16.22, 95% confidence interval (CI): 14.30--18.33) and lowest in New Zealand (1.36, 95% CI: 0.65--2.50). Australia had a rate of 3.81 (95% CI: 2.59--5.40) and the USA 3.22 (95% CI: 2.85--3.63). HIV diagnosis rates among the total Indigenous population decreased in Canada (−7.92 EAPC, 95% CI: −9.34 to −6.49) and in the USA (−4.25 EAPC, 95% CI: −5.75 to −2.73) but increased in Australia (5.10 EAPC, 95% CI: 0.39--10.08). No significant trends over time were observed in New Zealand (2.23 EAPC, 95% CI: −4.48 to 9.47).

Conclusion:
Despite limitations to conducting cross-national comparisons, there are substantial differences in HIV diagnosis rates in these four countries that may be reflective of divergent national policies and systems that affect the health status of Indigenous peoples.
The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS 95–95–95 targets: worldwide clinical and cost benefits of generic manufacture
Authors: Heath Katherine , Levi Jacob , Hill Andrew 
Published: June 2021

Background:
The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS aims for HIV testing, treatment and viral suppression rates to be 95%--95%--95% by 2025. Patented drug prices remain a barrier to HIV treatment. Generic alternatives are being produced and exported from countries without patent barriers at a fraction of the cost.

Methods:
We collated export records of active pharmaceutical ingredient for HIV drugs to estimate the minimum costs of production. Using epidemiological data describing national HIV epidemics, we calculated the cost to treat 164 countries at 95%--95%-95%. Using weighted log-linear regression models, we estimated the mother-to-child transmissions (MTCTs), HIV-related deaths and new HIV infections preventable every year by increased treatment.

Findings:
We estimated that TDF/3TC/DTG could be produced for $59 per person per year. At this price, the 164 countries in our analysis could be treated at 95%--95%--95% for $2 billion a year, preventing 66 308 MTCTs, 241 811 HIV-related deaths and 631 398 new HIV infections every year. In comparison, global expenditure on HIV pharmaceuticals in 2019 was $28 billion.

Interpretation:
At $2 billion/year, the 164 countries in our analysis could be treated for the price of 4 weeks of current global sales. Global access to generic alternatives could reduce expenditure and improve clinical outcomes.
TNF-α inhibition in the setting of undiagnosed HIV infection: a call for enhanced screening guidelines
Authors: Claytor Jennifer D. , Viramontes Omar , Conner Stephanie , Wen Kwun W. , Beck Kendall , Chin-Hong Peter V. , Henrich Timothy J. , Peluso Michael J. 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Despite the risks of immunosuppression, recommendations regarding screening for HIV infection prior to initiation of biologic therapies targeting common rheumatologic disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and inflammatory arthritides, are limited. Few cases of patients started on biologics while living with undiagnosed HIV infection have been reported.

Methods:
We report three cases of patients initiated on biologics in the absence of recent or concurrent HIV screening who developed refractory disease or unanticipated complications and were later found to have undiagnosed chronic HIV infection.

Results:
In Case 1, a 53-year-old MSM with negative HIV testing 2 years prior presented with presumed rheumatoid arthritis. He did not respond to methotrexate, so adalimumab was started. HIV testing to evaluate persistent symptoms was positive 9 months later; CD4+ T-cell count was 800 cells/μl. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) resulted in resolution of symptoms, which were attributed to HIV-associated arthropathy. In Case 2, a 55-year-old woman with injection drug use in remission and no prior HIV testing presented with hidradenitis suppurativa. She started infliximab and methotrexate therapy with good response. After she developed weight loss and lymphopenia, an HIV test was positive; CD4+ T-cell count was 334 cells/μl. Biologic hidradenitis suppurativa therapy was discontinued, with subsequent poor hidradenitis suppurativa control. In Case 3, a 32-year-old MSM with no prior HIV testing presented with presumed IBD; infliximab and steroids were started. Symptoms progressed despite IBD-directed therapy, and he was diagnosed with extensive Kaposi sarcoma with visceral and cutaneous involvement, likely exacerbated by immunosuppression. HIV testing was positive; CD4+ T-cell count was 250 cells/μl. Kaposi sarcoma initially worsened due to ART-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. He is now improving with systemic chemotherapy and ART. HIV-associated Kaposi sarcoma is presumed to be the underlying diagnosis.

Conclusion:
All three patients had elevated risk for HIV infection, and two had final diagnoses attributed to chronic HIV infection, not warranting therapeutic immunosuppression. Screening for HIV infection prior to initiation of biologic therapy should be incorporated into clinical practice guidelines.
18F-THK5351 PET Can Identify Core Lesions in Different Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Phenotypes
Authors: Higashihara Mana , Ishibashi Kenji , Tokumaru Aya M. , Iwata Atsushi , Ishii Kenji 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Two patients with different amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) phenotypes underwent 18F-THK5351 PET to visualize lesions undergoing astrogliosis by measuring monoamine oxidase B activity. Patient 1 was a 57-year-old man with flail leg syndrome. Elevated uptake was observed inside the motor cortex, corresponding to the leg area in a cortical homunculus. Patient 2 was a 64-year-old man with ALS-frontotemporal dementia semantic variant. Elevated uptake was observed around the left anterior temporal lobe. Both core lesions were consistent with their respective neurological features. Hence, 18F-THK5351 PET is a useful technique to assess ALS pathophysiology by visualizing the core lesions.
Prognostic Impact of 18F-FDG PET/CT in Patients With Aggressive B-Cell Lymphoma Treated With Anti-CD19 Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells
Authors: Sesques Pierre , Tordo Jérémie , Ferrant Emmanuelle , Safar Violaine , Wallet Florent , Dhomps Anthony , Brisou Gabriel , Bouafia Fadhela , Karlin Lionel , Ghergus Dana , Golfier Camille , Lequeu Helène , Lazareth Anne , Vercasson Marlène , Hospital-Gustem Carole , Schwiertz Vérane , Choquet Marion , Sujobert Pierre , Novelli Silvana , Mialou Valérie , Hequet Olivier , Carras Sylvain , Fouillet Ludovic , Lebras Laure , Guillermin Yann , Leyronnas Cécile , Cavalieri Doriane , Janier Marc , Ghesquières Hervé , Salles Gilles , Bachy Emmanuel 
Published: June 2021

Purpose of the Report
We aimed to evaluate the role of 18F-FDG PET/CT in predicting patient outcome following chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR T) cells infusion in aggressive B-cell lymphoma.

Methods

18F-FDG PET/CT data before leukapheresis, before CAR T-cell infusion and 1 month (M1) after CAR T-cell infusion, from 72 patients were retrospectively analyzed. SUVmax, total lesion glycolysis (TLG), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), and parameters describing tumor kinetics were calculated for each 18F-FDG PET/CT performed. The aim was to evaluate the prognostic value of 18F-FDG PET/CT metabolic parameters for predicting progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) following CAR T-cell therapy.

Results
Regarding PFS, ∆MTVpre-CAR and ∆TLGpre-CAR were found to be more discriminating compared with metabolic parameters at preinfusion. Median PFS in patients with a ∆MTVpre-CAR of less than 300% was 6.8 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.8 months to not reached) compared with 2.8 months (95% CI, 0.9–3.0 months) for those with a value of 300% or greater (P = 0.004). Likewise, median PFS in patients with ∆TLGpre-CAR of less than 420% was 6.8 months (95% CI, 2.8 months to not reached) compared with 2.7 months (95% CI, 1.3–3.0 months) for those with a value of 420% or greater (P = 0.0148). Regarding OS, metabolic parameters at M1 were strongly associated with subsequent outcome. SUVmax at M1 with a cutoff value of 14 was the most predictive parameter in multivariate analysis, outweighing other clinicobiological variables (P < 0.0001).

Conclusions
Disease metabolic volume kinetics before infusion of CAR T cells seems to be superior to initial tumor bulk itself for predicting PFS. For OS, SUVmax at M1 might adequately segregate patients with different prognosis.
COVID-19 Vaccination–Associated Lymphadenopathy on FDG PET/CT
Authors: Shin Muheon , Hyun Chae Young , Choi Yoon Ho , Choi Joon Young , Lee Kyung-Han , Cho Young Seok 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
This study investigated 18F-FDG PET/CT features of adenovirus-vectored vaccination against COVID-19 in healthy subjects.

Patients and Methods
Thirty-one health care workers had been vaccinated Vaxzevria and underwent FDG PET/CT as an optional test for a cancer screening program. Size and FDG uptake of the hypermetabolic lymph nodes were measured. Uptake value of spleen was also measured with liver for comparison.

Results
All examinees who underwent FDG PET/CT within 14 days’ interval showed hypermetabolic lymphadenopathies ipsilateral to vaccine injection. All examinees with hypermetabolic lymphadenopathy had simultaneous muscular uptakes until 23 days’ interval. Among 12 examinees who underwent FDG PET/CT more than 15 days after vaccination, only 3 male examinees did not show hypermetabolism in the axillary lymph nodes. There was no female examinee with negative hypermetabolic lymphadenopathy until 29 days after vaccination.

Conclusions
Hypermetabolic reactive lymphadenopathy in the ipsilateral axillary area with or without supraclavicular area is most likely to occur in a healthy person with recent adenovirus-vectored COVID-19 vaccination on FDG PET/CT.
COVID-19–Related Lung Parenchymal Uptake on 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT
Authors: Nawwar Ayah A. , Searle Julie , Green Jes S. , Lyburn Iain D. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A 70-year-old man with newly diagnosed prostate cancer underwent 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT for staging. PSMA-avid primary prostatic malignancy was identified. Incidental intense patchy peripheral lung uptake was also noted. The patient tested positive for COVID-19 infection.
Predicted pH-dependent stability of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein trimer from interfacial acidic groups
Authors: Lobo Vanessa R. , Warwicker Jim 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTransition between receptor binding domain (RBD) up and down forms of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein trimer is coupled to receptor binding and is one route by which variants can alter viral properties. It is becoming apparent that key roles in the transition are played by pH and a more compact closed form, termed locked. Calculations of pH-dependence are made for a large set of spike trimers, including locked form trimer structures that have recently become available. Several acidic sidechains become sufficiently buried in the locked form to give a predicted pH-dependence in the mild acidic range, with stabilisation of the locked form as pH reduces from 7.5 to 5, consistent with emerging characterisation by cryo-electron microscopy. The calculated pH effects in pre-fusion spike trimers are modulated mainly by aspartic acid residues, rather than the more familiar histidine role at mild acidic pH. These acidic sidechains are generally surface located and weakly interacting when not in a locked conformation. In this model, their replacement (perhaps with asparagine) would remove the pH-dependent destabilisation of locked spike trimer conformations, and increase their recovery at neutral pH. This would provide an alternative or supplement to the insertion of disulphide linkages for stabilising spike protein trimers, with potential relevance for vaccine design.
Towards Development of Guidelines for Virtual Administration of Standardized Language and Literacy Assessments: Considerations for Clinicians and Researchers
Authors: Wood Emily , Bhalloo Insiya , McCaig Brittany , Feraru Cristina , Molnar Monika 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesPrevious virtual care literature within the field of speech-language pathology has focused primarily on validating the virtual use of intervention programs. There are fewer articles addressing the validity of conducting standardized paediatric oral language and literacy assessments virtually. Additionally, there is a lack of practical recommendations available on how best to conduct these assessment measures virtually. Given the rapid rise in virtual care as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, clinicians and researchers require guidance on best practices for virtual administration of these tools imminently.MethodsWe identified six key themes for recommendations based on two sources (1) our lab meeting discussions and (2) the outcomes of a narrative review of the extant literature. We then conducted semi-structured interviews with a group of 12 clinicians, students and researchers who had administered standardized language and literacy assessments with a variety of monolingual and multilingual school-aged children, with and without speech and language difficulties, in clinical and research settings to generate recommendations within these themes. Subsequently, in line with the Guidelines International Network, these recommendations were rated by group members, and reviewed by external stakeholders. A quasi-delphi consensus procedure was used to reach agreement on ratings for recommendations.ResultsWe have developed recommendations for the use of standardized language and literacy assessments in virtual care, across six key themes: candidacy for virtual assessment, communication and collaboration with caregivers, technology and equipment, virtual administration, ethics, consent and confidentiality, and considerations for bilingual populations.ConclusionsThis paper is one of the first to share practical recommendations for virtual assessment in the domain of paediatric oral language and literacy assessment. We hope these recommendations will facilitate future clinical research and that as the body of research grows, that this paper will act as a basis for the development of formal Clinical Practice Guidelines.
Genome and epigenome wide studies of plasma protein biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease implicate TBCA and TREM2 in disease risk
Authors: Hillary Robert F. , Gadd Danni A. , McCartney Daniel L. , Shi Liu , Campbell Archie , Walker Rosie M. , Ritchie Craig W. , Deary Ian J. , Evans Kathryn L. , Nevado-Holgado Alejo J. , Hayward Caroline , Porteous David J. , McIntosh Andrew M. , Lovestone Simon , Robinson Matthew R. , Marioni Riccardo E. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe levels of many blood proteins are associated with Alzheimer’s disease or its pathological hallmarks. Elucidating the molecular factors that control circulating levels of these proteins may help to identify proteins causally associated with the disease. Here, genome-wide and epigenome-wide studies (nindividuals≤1,064) were performed on plasma levels of 281 Alzheimer’s disease-associated proteins, identified by a systematic review of the literature. We quantified the contributions of genetic and epigenetic variation towards inter-individual variability in plasma protein levels. Sixty-one independent genetic and 32 epigenetic loci were associated with expression levels of 49 proteins; eight and 24 of these respective findings are previously unreported. Novel findings included an association between plasma TREM2 levels and a polymorphism and CpG site within theMS4A4Alocus. Through Mendelian randomisation analyses, causal associations were observed between higher plasma TBCA and TREM2 levels and lower Alzheimer’s disease risk. Our data inform the regulation of biomarker levels and their relationships with Alzheimer’s disease.