bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar IPA dengan Metode Pratikum Materi Pokok Menunjukkan Perbedaan Sifat Benda (Padat, Cair, Dan Gas) Siswa Kelas V SDN 021 Kunto Darussalam
Authors: Wignyo Wignyo 
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini dilakukan berdasarkan hasil observasi di kelas V ditemukan beberapa permasalahan yang terkait dengan hasil belajar Ipa siswa di kelas V. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar Ipa siswa dengan menerapkan metode Pratikum Materi Pokok Menunjukkan Perbedaan Sifat Benda ( Padat, Cair, Dan Gas ) Siswa Kelas V Sdn 021 Kunto Darussalam T. A 2017/2018. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan tes dan observasi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus, yakni siklus I dan siklus II. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan persentase dan analisis kualitatif. Berdasarkan analisis data, pada tes awal diperoleh Meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada siklus I rata-rata 75 dengan kategori baik, pada siklus II rata-rata meningkat 79,5 dengan kategori baik.Meningkatkan aktivitas guru pada siklus I rata-rata 80 dengan kategori baik, pada siklus II rata-rata 95 dengan kategori amat baik. Meningkatkan aktivitas belajar siswa pada siklus I 74,4 dengan kategori baik, pada siklus II meningkat menjadi 92,5 dengan kategori baik sekali. Meningkatkan ketuntasan hasil belajar siswa kelas V SD Negeri 021 Kunto Darussalam , yaitu sebelum perbaikan 23 siswa rata-rata 65%, pada siklus I 26 siswa rata-rata 80%, siklus II meningkat menjadi 28 siswa rata-rata 90%.Berdasarkan temuan dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa metode Pratikum dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran Ipa Materi Pokok Menunjukkan Perbedaan Sifat Benda ( Padat, Cair, Dan Gas ) Siswa Kelas V Sdn 021 Kunto Darussalam T. A 2017/2018.
Waldschmidt constant of certain sets of points with 3 supporting lines in projective plane
Authors: Nguyen Tu Chanh , Hiep Dang Tuan 
Published: July 2021

The paper shows values of the initial degree and Waldschmidt constant for some special cases including severalcases of ten points with three supporting lines in projective plane. These constants represent the complexity of optimal solutions in repeated path problems that have many applications in computer science, informatics theory and telecommunications.
Lesion location and outcome following cingulotomy for obsessive-compulsive disorder
Authors: Starkweather Clara Kwon , Bick Sarah K. , McHugh Jeffrey M. , Dougherty Darin D. , Williams Ziv M. 
Published: July 2021

OBJECTIVE
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is among the most debilitating and medically refractory psychiatric disorders. While cingulotomy is an anatomically targeted neurosurgical treatment that has shown significant promise in treating OCD-related symptoms, the precise underlying neuroanatomical basis for its beneficial effects has remained poorly understood. Therefore, the authors sought to determine whether lesion location is related to responder status following cingulotomy.

METHODS
The authors reviewed the records of 18 patients who had undergone cingulotomy. Responders were defined as patients who had at least a 35% improvement in the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (YBOCS) score. The authors traced the lesion sites on T1-weighted MRI scans and used an anatomical registration matrix generated by the imaging software FreeSurfer to superimpose these lesions onto a template brain. Lesion placement was compared between responders and nonresponders. The placement of lesions relative to various anatomical regions was also compared.

RESULTS
A decrease in postoperative YBOCS score was significantly correlated with more superiorly placed lesions (decrease −0.52, p = 0.0012). While all lesions were centered within 6 mm of the cingulate sulcus, responder lesions were placed more superiorly and posteriorly along the cingulate sulcus (1-way ANOVA, p = 0.003). The proportions of the cingulum bundle, cingulate gyrus, and paracingulate cortex affected by the lesions were the same between responders and nonresponders. However, all responders had lesions covering a larger subregion of Brodmann area (BA) 32. In particular, responder lesions covered a significantly greater proportion of the posterior BA32 (1-way ANOVA, p = 0.0064).

CONCLUSIONS
Lesions in patients responsive to cingulotomy tended to be located more superiorly and posteriorly and share greater coverage of a posterior subregion of BA32 than lesions in patients not responsive to this treatment.
The change in postoperative opioid prescribing after lumbar decompression surgery following state-level opioid prescribing reform
Authors: Winkelman Robert D. , Kavanagh Michael D. , Tanenbaum Joseph E. , Pelle Dominic W. , Benzel Edward C. , Mroz Thomas E. , Steinmetz Michael P. 
Published: July 2021

OBJECTIVE
On August 31, 2017, the state of Ohio implemented legislation limiting the dosage and duration of opioid prescriptions. Despite the widespread adoption of such restrictions, few studies have investigated the effects of these reforms on opioid prescribing and patient outcomes. In the present study, the authors aimed to evaluate the effect of recent state-level reform on opioid prescribing, patient-reported outcomes (PROs), and postoperative emergency department (ED) visits and hospital readmissions after elective lumbar decompression surgery.

METHODS
This study was a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent elective lumbar laminectomy for degenerative disease at one of 5 hospitals within a single health system in the years prior to and after the implementation of the statewide reform (September 1, 2016–August 31, 2018). Patients were classified according to the timing of their surgery relative to implementation of the prescribing reform: before reform (September 1, 2016–August 31, 2017) or after reform (September 1, 2017– August 31, 2018). The outcomes of interest included total outpatient opioids prescribed in the 90 days following discharge from surgery as measured in morphine-equivalent doses (MEDs), total number of opioid refill prescriptions written, patient-reported pain at the first postoperative outpatient visit as measured by the Numeric Pain Rating Scale, improvement in patient-reported health-related quality of life as measured by the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System–Global Health (PROMIS-GH) questionnaire, and ED visits or hospital readmissions within 90 days of surgery.

RESULTS
A total of 1031 patients met the inclusion criteria for the study, with 469 and 562 in the before- and after-reform groups, respectively. After-reform patients received 26% (95% CI 19%–32%) fewer MEDs in the 90 days following discharge compared with the before-reform patients. No significant differences were observed in the overall number of opioid prescriptions written, PROs, or postoperative ED or hospital readmissions within 90 days in the year after the implementation of the prescribing reform.

CONCLUSIONS
Patients undergoing surgery in the year after the implementation of a state-level opioid prescribing reform received significantly fewer MEDs while reporting no change in the total number of opioid prescriptions, PROs, or postoperative ED visits or hospital readmissions. These results demonstrate that state-level reforms placing reasonable limits on opioid prescriptions written for acute pain may decrease patient opioid exposure without negatively impacting patient outcomes after lumbar decompression surgery.
Resection of congenital hemivertebra in pediatric scoliosis: the experience of a two-specialty surgical team
Authors: Bixby Elise C. , Skaggs Kira , Marciano Gerard F. , Simhon Matthew E. , Menger Richard P. , Anderson Richard C. E. , Vitale Michael G. 
Published: July 2021

OBJECTIVE
Institutions investigating value and quality emphasize utilization of two attending surgeons with different areas of technical expertise to treat complex surgical cases and to minimize complications. Here, the authors chronicle the 12-year experience of using a two–attending surgeon, two-specialty model to perform hemivertebra resection in the pediatric population.

METHODS
Retrospective cohort data from 2008 to 2019 were obtained from the NewYork-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children’s Hospital operative database. This database included all consecutive pediatric patients < 21 years old who underwent hemivertebra resection performed with the two–attending surgeon (neurosurgeon and orthopedic surgeon) model. Demographic information was extracted. Intraoperative complications, including durotomy and direct neurological injury, were queried from the clinical records. Intraoperative neuromonitoring data were evaluated. Postoperative complications were queried, and length of follow-up was determined from the clinical records.

RESULTS
From 2008 to 2019, 22 patients with a median (range) age of 9.1 (2.0–19.3) years underwent hemivertebra resection with the two–attending surgeon, two-specialty model. The median (range) number of levels fused was 2 (0–16). The mean (range) operative time was 5 hours and 14 minutes (2 hours and 59 minutes to 8 hours and 30 minutes), and the median (range) estimated blood loss was 325 (80–2700) ml. Navigation was used in 14% (n = 3) of patients. Neither Gardner-Wells tongs nor halo traction was used in any operation. Neuromonitoring signals significantly decreased or were lost in 14% (n = 3) of patients. At a mean ± SD (range) follow-up of 4.6 ± 3.4 (1.0–11.6) years, 31% (n = 7) of patients had a postoperative complication, including 2 instances of proximal junctional kyphosis, 2 instances of distal junctional kyphosis, 2 wound complications, 1 instance of pseudoarthrosis with hardware failure, and 1 instance of screw pullout. The return to the operating room (OR) rate was 27% (n = 6), which included patients with the abovementioned wound complications, distal junctional kyphosis, pseudoarthrosis, and screw pullout, as well as a patient who required spinal fusion after loss of motor evoked potentials during index surgery.

CONCLUSIONS
Twenty-two patients underwent hemivertebra resection with a two–attending surgeon, two-specialty model over a 12-year period at a specialized children’s hospital, with a 14% rate of change in neuromonitoring, 32% rate of nonneurological complications, and a 27% rate of unplanned return to the OR.
Evaluation of nonaccidental trauma in infants presenting with skull fractures: a retrospective review
Authors: Boruah Abhilasha P. , Potter Tamia O. , Shammassian Berje H. , Hills Byron B. , Dingeldein Michael W. , Tomei Krystal L. 
Published: July 2021

OBJECTIVE
Nonaccidental trauma (NAT) is one of the leading causes of serious injury and death among young children in the United States, with a high proportion of head injury. Numerous studies have demonstrated the safety of discharge of infants with isolated skull fractures (ISFs); however, these same studies have noted that those infants with suspected abuse should not be immediately discharged. The authors aimed to create a standardized protocol for evaluation of infants presenting with skull fractures to our regional level I pediatric trauma center to best identify children at risk.

METHODS
A protocol for evaluation of NAT was developed by our pediatric trauma committee, which consists of evaluation by neurosurgery, pediatric surgery, and ophthalmology, as well as the pediatric child protection team. Social work evaluations and a skeletal survey were also utilized. Patients presenting over a 2-year period, inclusive of all infants younger than 12 months at the time of presentation, were assessed. Factors at presentation, protocol compliance, and the results of the workup were evaluated to determine how to optimize identification of children at risk.

RESULTS
A total of 45 infants with a mean age at presentation of 5.05 months (SD 3.14 months) were included. The most common stated mechanism of injury was a fall (75.6%), followed by an unknown mechanism (22.2%). The most common presenting symptoms were swelling over the fracture site (25 patients, 55.6%), followed by vomiting (5 patients, 11.1%). For the entire population of patients with skull fractures, there was suspicion of NAT in 24 patients (53.3% of the cohort). Among the 30 patients with ISFs, there was suspicion of NAT in 13 patients (43.3% of the subgroup).

CONCLUSIONS
Infants presenting with skull fractures with intracranial findings and ISFs had a substantial rate of concern for the possibility of nonaccidental skull fracture. Although prior studies have demonstrated the relative safety of discharging infants with ISFs, it is critical to establish an appropriate standardized protocol to evaluate for infants at risk of abusive head trauma.
A focal brain-cooling device as an alternative to electrical stimulation for language mapping during awake craniotomy: patient series
Authors: Nomura Sadahiro , Inoue Takao , Imoto Hirochika , Sadahiro Hirokazu , Sugimoto Kazutaka , Maruta Yuichi , Ishihara Hideyuki , Suzuki Michiyasu 
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND
Functional mapping in awake craniotomy has the potential risk of electrical stimulation-related seizure. The authors have developed a novel mapping technique using a brain-cooling device. The cooling probe is cylindrical in shape with a thermoelectric cooling plate (10 × 10 mm) at the bottom. A proportional integration and differentiation-controlled system adjusts the temperature accurately (Japan patent no. P5688666). The authors used it in two patients with glioblastoma. Broca’s area was identified by electrical stimulation, and then the cooling probe set at 5°C was attempted on it.

OBSERVATIONS
Electrocorticogram was suppressed, and the temperature dropped to 8°C in 50 sec. A positive aphasic reaction was reproduced on Broca’s area at a latency of 7 sec. A negative reaction appeared on the adjacent cortices despite the temperature decrease. The sensitivity and specificity were 60% and 100%, respectively. No seizures or other adverse events related to the cooling were recognized, and no histological damage to the cooled cortex was observed.

LESSONS
The cooling probe suppressed topographical brain function selectively and reversibly. Awake functional mapping based on thermal neuromodulation technology could substitute or compensate for the conventional electrical mapping.
Convergence of the finite element method and the semi-analytical finite element method for prismatic bodies with variable physical and geometric parameters
Authors: Bazhenov Viktor , Horbach Maksym , Martyniuk Ivan , Maksimyuk Oleksandr 
Published: July 2021

In this paper, a numerical study of the convergence of solutions obtained on the basis of the developed approach [1, 3, 4, 5] is carried out. A wide range of test problems for bodies with smoothly and abruptly varying physical and geometric characteristics in elastic and elastic-plastic formulation are considered. The approach developed within the framework of the semi-analytical method to study the stress-strain state of inhomogeneous curvilinear prismatic bodies, taking into account physical and geometric nonlinearity, requires substantiation of its effectiveness in relation to the traditional FEM and confirmation of the reliability of the results obtained on its basis.
The main indicators that allow comparing the SAFEM and FEM include the rate of convergence of solutions with an increase in the number of unknowns and the amount of charges associated with solving linear and nonlinear equations. For the considered class of problems, the convergence is determined by such factors as the nature of the change along Z3’ of the geometric and mechanical parameters of the object. The uneven distribution of mechanical characteristics is associated with the presence of the initial heterogeneity of the material, the development of plastic deformations, and the dependence of material properties on temperature. The same factors also affect the convergence of the iterative process, since the conditionality of the SAFEM matrix depends on them. In order to determine the area of effective application of the SAFEM, a wide range of test cases are considered.
In all cases, the semi-analytic finite element method is not inferior in approximation accuracy, and in some problems it is 1.5-2 times superior to the traditional method of scheduling elements. finite element method.
AEDES AEGYPTI NAS ESCOLAS:
Authors: Correia A. D. da N. , Kramer Dany geraldo , Lima H. V. da S. , Macedo H. K. de S. , Araújo I. I. de , Silva L. M. F. C. , Cavalcanti Junior G. B. 
Published: July 2021

O presente estudo é um relato de experiência de extensão aplicada a conscientização sobre o controle do Aedes aegypti em escolas e Santa Cruz/RN. Para tanto, as atividades foram realizadas em escolas públicas locais, englobando-se rodas de conversas, na qual foram veiculadas informações ciclo de vida, transmissão de doenças, diagnóstico, sinais/sintomas e a importância das medidas de prevenção e controle deste vetor. Na sequência, os estudantes foram separados em duas equipes, sendo realizadas atividades musicais sobre a temática. Por último realizou-se uma gincana educativa envolvendo perguntas e respostas sobre o Aedes aegypti. Por meio de atividades realizadas os alunos, na faixa etária média de 10 anos, puderam participar de um aprendizado dinâmico, podendo colaborar com mudanças de atitudes no controle deste vetor, podendo mitigar os riscos de doenças veiculadas por este, isto a baixo custo, através de ações de extensão.
Micropropagación de Handroanthus heptaphyllus (VELL.) Mattos a partir de segmentos nodales
Authors: Díaz Lezcano Maura Isabel , Vera Arza Digno Milciades , Gonzalez Espinola Diego Dionisio , López Talavera Carlos Antonio 
Published: July 2021

El lapacho negro es una especie forestal de gran importancia, es maderable y ornamental, por lo que el establecimiento de un protocolo de micropropagación de Handroanthus heptaphyllus podría constituirse en una alternativa para la producción masiva de esta especie. La experimentación se llevó a cabo en el Laboratorio de Biotecnología del Área de Biología de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias de la Universidad Nacional de Asunción, teniendo como objetivo establecer un protocolo para la micropropagación in vitro de Handroanthus heptaphyllus a partir de segmentos nodales. Para la población de variables y unidades fueron sembrados 1620 explantes, cada unidad experimental estuvo constituida por 1 segmento nodal. La experimentación tuvo 12 tratamientos sembrados en dos medios de cultivo (Agar/Agua y MS), los cuales se basaron en variaciones en tiempos de inmersión de etanol e hipoclorito de sodio para el control de contaminación, para el control de oxidación se aplicó el tratamiento de prevención de oxidación 2 g/l de carbón activado, y fueron adicionados fitorreguladores (AIB y BAP). Las plantas madre fueron tratadas con Oxicloruro de cobre (OxiCob®) y Ditiocarbamato (Mancozeb®) en proporción de 3 y 2 g/l respectivamente. Las variables estudiadas fueron el control de manchas foliares en plantas madre, la contaminación de explantes, la oxidación, la sobrevivencia, la brotación, la formación de callos y la longitud de los brotes. El análisis estadístico consistió en pruebas de normalidad de Kolmogorov-Smirnov para todas las variables. Se logró un 45,8% de control de manchas foliares, un 50% de control de la contaminación y la oxidación fue controlada al 100%. Se obtuvo un 60% de explantes vivos hasta los 50 días con diferenciación foliar de 1,5 mm de elongación promedio. Con base en estos resultados se concluye que los tratamientos aplicados incidieron en las variables estudiadas.
A PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY (TBI) AT TERTIARY CARE CENTER
Authors: Mangal Govind , Bhaumik Uday , Varnwal Gaurav , Prajapati Giriraj 
Published: July 2021

Background: Worldwide, traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the single largest cause of death and disability following injury. Most TBI’s are due to road side accidents. According to WHO data, by the year 2020, head trauma will be third largest killer in the developing world.
Methods: The present study was conducted in Department of Neurosurgery. The study group consisted of a total of 200 head injury patients presenting to the Trauma center and admitted in neurosurgery ward.
Results: Out of 200 cases maximum case(40.00%) were from 21-30 year age group and minimum case(3.00%) were from 0-10 year age group. 81.00% were male and 19.00% were female. Only 21.00% patients managed by surgical treatment.
Conclusion: The lack of awareness among the pedestrians and disregard for traffic rules by the motorists were important reasons for most of the accidents.
Keywords: Neurosurgery, Trauma, Injury.
Situation with pulmonary tuberculosis relapses: look of the Ukrainian scientists
Authors: Melnyk V.M. , Matusevych V.G. , Novozhylova I.O. , Veselovsky L.V. , Tarasenko O.R. , Bushura I.V. , Prykhodko A.M. 
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND. Despite the decline of incidence and mortality from tuberculosis (ТB) in Ukraine, the incidence of the pulmonary TB relapses (RTB) remains high. Description of them is an original mirror that represents weak links in realization of antituberculosis measures (ATBM).
OBJECTIVE. To summarize an achievement and define complicated questions in relation to the estimation of the real state with RTB in Ukraine, determination of reasons of their origin with the aim of overcoming of TB.
MATERIALS AND METHODS. Generalization, analysis and synthesis of scientific publications of the Ukrainian scientists in the last few years.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. The following problems were detected: a lack of funding of ATBM; a concealment of frequency of RTB from the wide circle of public; absence of near-term in realization of ATBM depending on their profitability and efficiency. Clinical researches in relation to RTB, that is mainly touch upon to diagnosis and development of charts of treatment of patients with RTB, are certain especially, some reasons of RTB are side considered.
CONCLUSIONS. Basic directions of scientific researches it is been determination of features of clinical flow of RTB, study of especially clinical reasons of their origin. Presently there is not an integral picture in relation to reasons of origin and organization of warning of RTB. It is however not revealed the all-embracing, systematized reasons of origin of RTB, without that it is impossible to develop organizational measures in relation to their warning with the aim of liquidation of TB according to strategy of WHO – End TB.
Anaesthetic Management for Laparotomy in a patient with Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: Hasan Mohammad Rajibul , Sharmin Tahmina , Islam Md Shafiqul , Chowdhury Mamunur Rashid , Islam Md Zahidul , Sharma Netay Kumer 
Published: July 2021

It is a great challenge for an anaesthesiologist to manage a case of severely affected ankylosing spondylitis with limited available facilities as it produces lots of problem associated with it. We report a case where bilateral tranchal vagotomy and gastro-jejunostomy was done for gastric outlet obstruction in a patient of ankylosing spondylitis. This report giving importance of pre-anaesthetic assessment of any anatomical deformity and discussion of anaesthetic complications to be faced, decision of anaesthetic technique as well as proper counseling of patient.
CBMJ 2017 July: Vol. 06 No. 02 P: 38-41