bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reversible and spatiotemporal control of colloidal structure formation
Authors: Dehne H. , Reitenbach A. , Bausch A. R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTuning colloidal structure formation is a powerful approach to building functional materials, as a wide range of optical and viscoelastic properties can be accessed by the choice of individual building blocks and their interactions. Precise control is achieved by DNA specificity, depletion forces, or geometric constraints and results in a variety of complex structures. Due to the lack of control and reversibility of the interactions, an autonomous oscillating system on a mesoscale without external driving was not feasible until now. Here, we show that tunable DNA reaction circuits controlling linker strand concentrations can drive the dynamic and fully reversible assembly of DNA-functionalized micron-sized particles. The versatility of this approach is demonstrated by programming colloidal interactions in sequential and spatial order to obtain an oscillatory structure formation process on a mesoscopic scale. The experimental results represent an approach for the development of active materials by using DNA reaction networks to scale up the dynamic control of colloidal self-organization.
Persistence against benzalkonium chloride promotes rapid evolution of tolerance during periodic disinfection
Authors: Nordholt Niclas , Kanaris Orestis , Schmidt Selina B. I. , Schreiber Frank 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBiocides used as disinfectants are important to prevent the transmission of pathogens, especially during the current antibiotic resistance crisis. This crisis is exacerbated by phenotypically tolerant persister subpopulations that can survive transient antibiotic treatment and facilitate resistance evolution. Here, we show that E. coli displays persistence against a widely used disinfectant, benzalkonium chloride (BAC). Periodic, persister-mediated failure of disinfection rapidly selects for BAC tolerance, which is associated with reduced cell surface charge and mutations in the lpxM locus, encoding an enzyme for lipid A biosynthesis. Moreover, the fitness cost incurred by BAC tolerance turns into a fitness benefit in the presence of antibiotics, suggesting a selective advantage of BAC-tolerant mutants in antibiotic environments. Our findings highlight the links between persistence to disinfectants and resistance evolution to antimicrobials.
Dopamine promotes aggression in mice via ventral tegmental area to lateral septum projections
Authors: Mahadevia Darshini , Saha Rinki , Manganaro Alessia , Chuhma Nao , Ziolkowski-Blake Annette , Morgan Ashlea A. , Dumitriu Dani , Rayport Stephen , Ansorge Mark S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSeptal-hypothalamic neuronal activity centrally mediates aggressive behavior and dopamine system hyperactivity is associated with elevated aggression. However, the causal role of dopamine in aggression and its target circuit mechanisms are largely unknown. To address this knowledge gap, we studied the modulatory role of the population- and projection-specific dopamine function in a murine model of aggressive behavior. We find that terminal activity of ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopaminergic neurons selectively projecting to the lateral septum (LS) is sufficient for promoting aggression and necessary for establishing baseline aggression. Within the LS, dopamine acts on D2-receptors to inhibit GABAergic neurons, and septal D2-signaling is necessary for VTA dopaminergic activity to promote aggression. Collectively, our data reveal a powerful modulatory influence of dopaminergic synaptic input on LS function and aggression, effectively linking the clinically pertinent hyper-dopaminergic model of aggression with the classic septal-hypothalamic aggression axis.
Functionally distinct roles for eEF2K in the control of ribosome availability and p-body abundance
Authors: Smith Patrick R. , Loerch Sarah , Kunder Nikesh , Stanowick Alexander D. , Lou Tzu-Fang , Campbell Zachary T. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractProcessing bodies (p-bodies) are a prototypical phase-separated RNA-containing granule. Their abundance is highly dynamic and has been linked to translation. Yet, the molecular mechanisms responsible for coordinate control of the two processes are unclear. Here, we uncover key roles for eEF2 kinase (eEF2K) in the control of ribosome availability and p-body abundance. eEF2K acts on a sole known substrate, eEF2, to inhibit translation. We find that the eEF2K agonist nelfinavir abolishes p-bodies in sensory neurons and impairs translation. To probe the latter, we used cryo-electron microscopy. Nelfinavir stabilizes vacant 80S ribosomes. They contain SERBP1 in place of mRNA and eEF2 in the acceptor site. Phosphorylated eEF2 associates with inactive ribosomes that resist splitting in vitro. Collectively, the data suggest that eEF2K defines a population of inactive ribosomes resistant to recycling and protected from degradation. Thus, eEF2K activity is central to both p-body abundance and ribosome availability in sensory neurons.
Comparison of different ROI analysis methods for liver lesion characterization with simplified intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM)
Authors: Mesropyan Narine , Mürtz Petra , Sprinkart Alois M. , Block Wolfgang , Luetkens Julian A. , Attenberger Ulrike , Pieper Claus C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study investigated the impact of different ROI placement and analysis methods on the diagnostic performance of simplified IVIM-DWI for differentiating liver lesions. 1.5/3.0-T DWI data from a respiratory-gated MRI sequence (b = 0, 50, 250, 800 s/mm2) were analyzed in patients with malignant (n = 74/54) and benign (n = 35/19) lesions. Apparent diffusion coefficient ADC = ADC(0,800) and IVIM parameters D1′ = ADC(50,800), D2′ = ADC(250,800), f1′ = f(0,50,800), f2′ = f(0,250,800), and D*' = D*(0,50,250,800) were calculated voxel-wise. For each lesion, a representative 2D-ROI, a 3D-ROI whole lesion, and a 3D-ROI from “good” slices were placed, including and excluding centrally deviating areas (CDA) if present, and analyzed with various histogram metrics. The diagnostic performance of 2D- and 3D-ROIs was not significantly different; e.g. AUC (ADC/D1′/f1′) were 0.958/0.902/0.622 for 2D- and 0.942/0.892/0.712 for whole lesion 3D-ROIs excluding CDA at 1.5 T (p > 0.05). For 2D- and 3D-ROIs, AUC (ADC/D1′/D2′) were significantly higher, when CDA were excluded. With CDA included, AUC (ADC/D1′/D2′/f1′/D*') improved when low percentiles were used instead of averages, and was then comparable to the results of average ROI analysis excluding CDA. For lesion differentiation the use of a representative 2D-ROI is sufficient. CDA should be excluded from ROIs by hand or automatically using low percentiles of diffusion coefficients.
Murine AML12 hepatocytes allow Salmonella Typhimurium T3SS1-independent invasion and intracellular fate
Authors: Holbert S. , Barilleau E. , Roche S. M. , Trotereau J. , Georgeault S. , Burlaud-Gaillard J. , Wiedemann A. , Méresse S. , Virlogeux-Payant I. , Velge P. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNumerous studies have demonstrated the key role of the Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 1-encoded type III secretion system (T3SS1) apparatus as well as its associated effectors in the invasion and intracellular fate of Salmonella in the host cell. Several T3SS1 effectors work together to control cytoskeleton networks and induce massive membrane ruffles, allowing pathogen internalization. Salmonella resides in a vacuole whose maturation requires that the activity of T3SS1 subverts early stages of cell signaling. Recently, we identified five cell lines in which Salmonella Typhimurium enters without using its three known invasion factors: T3SS1, Rck and PagN. The present study investigated the intracellular fate of Salmonella Typhimurium in one of these models, the murine hepatocyte cell line AML12. We demonstrated that both wild-type Salmonella and T3SS1-invalidated Salmonella followed a common pathway leading to the formation of a Salmonella containing vacuole (SCV) without classical recruitment of Rho-GTPases. Maturation of the SCV continued through an acidified phase that led to Salmonella multiplication as well as the formation of a tubular network resembling Salmonella induced filaments (SIF). The fact that in the murine AML12 hepatocyte, the T3SS1 mutant induced an intracellular fate resembling to the wild-type strain highlights the fact that Salmonella Typhimurium invasion and intracellular survival can be completely independent of T3SS1.
Cloud motion and magnetic fields: Four clouds in the Cepheus Flare region
Authors: Sharma E. , Maheswar G. , Dib S. 
Published: November 2021

Context.The Cepheus Flare region consists of a group of dark cloud complexes that are currently active in star formation.Aims.The aim of this work is to estimate the motions of four clouds, namely L1147/1158, L1172/1174, L1228, and L1251, located at relatively high Galactic latitude (b> 14°) in the Cepheus Flare region. We study the relationship between the motions of the clouds with respect to the magnetic field and the clump orientations with respect to both the magnetic field and the motion.Methods.We estimated the motions of the molecular clouds using the proper motion and distance estimates of the young stellar objects (YSOs) associated with them using theGaiaEDR3 data. By assuming that the YSOs are associated with the clouds and share the same velocity, the projected directions of motion are estimated for the clouds. We measured the projected geometry of the magnetic field towards the direction of each cloud by combining thePlanckpolarization measurements.Results.We estimated a distance of 371 ± 22 pc for L1228 and 340 ± 7 pc for L1251, implying that all four complexes are located at almost the same distance. Assuming that both the clouds and YSOs are kinematically coupled, we estimated the projected direction of motion of the clouds using the proper motions of the YSOs. The directions of motion of all the clouds are offset by ~30° with respect to the ambient magnetic fields, except in L1172/1174 where the offset is ~45°. In L1147/1158, the starless clumps are found to be oriented predominantly parallel to the magnetic fields while prestellar clumps show a random distribution. In L1172/1174, L1228, and L1251, the clumps are oriented randomly with respect to the magnetic field. With respect to the motion of the clouds, there is a marginal trend that the starless clumps are oriented more parallel in L1147/1158 and L1172/1174. In L1228, the major axes of the clumps are oriented more randomly. In L1251, we find a bimodal trend in the case of starless clumps. We do not find any overall specific correlation between the core orientation and the global/local magnetic fields for the clouds in Cepheus. Also, we conclude that the local small-scale dynamics of the cloud with respect to the magnetic field direction could be responsible for the final orientation of the cores.
Retrospective Analysis of the Effectiveness of a Reduced Dose of Idarucizumab in Dabigatran Reversal
Authors: Stone Louisa , Merriman Eileen , Hanna Merit , Royle Gordon , Chan Henry 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background The recommended dose of idarucizumab, the specific reversal agent for dabigatran etexilate, is 5 g. However, published data showed biochemical reversal after an initial 2.5 g dose.
Objectives This study aims to retrospectively compare the clinical effectiveness of 2.5 and 5 g doses of idarucizumab used in dabigatran reversal in three hospitals in Auckland, New Zealand.
Methods All patients receiving idarucizumab for dabigatran reversal between April 1, 2016 and December 31, 2018 were included. The primary outcome was the likelihood of receiving a second dose of idarucizumab during the same admission. Secondary outcomes included normalization of coagulation profiles, and 30-day thrombotic, bleeding, and mortality rates.
Results Of 329 patients included, 206 received an initial 2.5 g dose and 123 received a 5 g dose. The median age was 78 years and median creatinine clearance was 50 mL/min. Most patients (62.6%) required idarucizumab for an urgent procedure, while 37.4% presented with bleeding. A 2.5 g dose was not associated with an increased rate of receiving a second dose (odds ratio [OR]: 0.686, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.225–2.090). A similar proportion of patients in each group achieved a normal activated partial thromboplastin time (73.8 vs. 80.0%, p = 0.464) and dilute thrombin clotting time (95.9 vs. 91.4%, p = 0.379) following idarucizumab infusion. There was no increase in the rate of death (OR: 0.602, 95% CI: 0.292–1.239), thrombosis (OR: 0.386, 95% CI: 0.107–1.396), or bleeding (OR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.27–3.33) in the 2.5 g dose group compared with the 5 g dose group.
Conclusion An initial 2.5 g dose of idarucizumab appears effective for dabigatran reversal in the real-world setting.
Impact of Video Describing Cataract Surgical Simulator Training on Patients' Perceptions of Resident Involvement in Cataract Surgery
Authors: Landis Zachary C. , Fileta John B. , Kunselman Allen R. , Sassani Joseph , Scott Ingrid U. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose The aim of this article is to investigate the impact of a 1-minute video describing resident training with a cataract surgical simulator on patients' perceptions regarding resident involvement in cataract surgery and to identify factors associated with patient willingness to have cataract surgery performed by a resident.
Design Cross-sectional survey.
Methods An anonymous Likert-style survey was conducted among 430 consecutive adult patients who presented for eye examination at the Penn State Health Eye Center. The survey included questions regarding demographics, understanding of the medical training hierarchy, and patient willingness to have a resident perform their cataract surgery. There were six questions regarding patient willingness to have residents perform their cataract surgery and the second question in this set informs the patient that residents are supervised by an experienced cataract surgeon. Patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups: patients in Group 1 completed the survey only, while patients in Group 2 watched a 1-minute video describing resident training with a cataract surgical simulator prior to completing the survey.
Results Four hundred fourteen of the 430 patients (96.3%) completed the survey. Overall, 24.7% (n = 102) of respondents expressed willingness to allow an ophthalmology resident to perform their cataract surgery, and that proportion increased to 54.0% (n = 223) if the patient was informed that the resident would be supervised by an experienced cataract surgeon. Patients in Group 2 were twice as likely compared with patients in Group 1 to express willingness to allow an ophthalmology resident to perform their cataract surgery (odds ratio 1.92 [1.18–3.11], p = 0.009).
Conclusions A thorough informed consent process including information regarding attending supervision and a brief video detailing resident training with a cataract surgery simulator may increase patient willingness to allow resident participation in cataract surgery.
Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Anastomotic Leak
Authors: Bhama Anuradha R. , Maykel Justin A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractChronic anastomotic leaks present a daunting challenge to colorectal surgeons. Unfortunately, anastomotic leaks are common, and a significant number of leaks are diagnosed in a delayed fashion. The clinical presentation of these chronic leaks can be silent or have low grade, indolent symptoms. Operative options can be quite formidable and highly complex. Leaks are typically diagnosed by radiographic and endoscopic imaging during the preoperative assessment prior to defunctioning stoma reversal. The operative strategy depends on the location of the anastomosis and the specific features of the anastomotic dehiscence. Low colorectal anastomosis (i.e. following low anterior resection) may require a transanal approach, transabdominal approach, or a combination of the two. While restoration of bowel continuity is encouraged, it is not infrequent for a permanent ostomy to be required to maximize patient quality of life.
Diagnosis of Anastomotic Leak
Authors: Hernandez Paul T. , Paspulati Raj M. , Shanmugan Skandan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAnastomotic leaks after colorectal surgery is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Understanding the impact of anastomotic leaks and their risk factors can help the surgeon avoid any modifiable pitfalls. The diagnosis of an anastomotic leak can be elusive but can be discerned by the patient's global clinical assessment, adjunctive laboratory data and radiological assessment. The use of inflammatory markers such as C-Reactive Protein and Procalcitonin have recently gained traction as harbingers for a leak. A CT scan and/or a water soluble contrast study can further elucidate the location and severity of a leak. Further intervention is then individualized on the spectrum of simple observation with resolution or surgical intervention.
Ophthalmology Residency Virtual Interviews in the Setting of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Perspectives of Applicants, Selection Committee Members, and Current Residents
Authors: Jebaraj Abigail , Warner Judith , Pettey Jeff , Jardine Griffin , Vegunta Sravanthi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background In the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic, residency programs implemented videoconferencing “virtual” interviews for the 2020 to 2021 match cycle. There is limited published information on virtual ophthalmology residency interviews.
Objective The study aimed (1) to assess applicant, selection committee member, and resident opinions of technical quality, communication quality, and ability to assess applicant or program “fit” during virtual interviews; (2) to determine which interview format—in-person or virtual—each party would prefer in the future; and (3) to survey which residency resources applicants found helpful.
Design Surveys were sent to applicants, selection committee members, and residents to assess the above objectives for the 2020 to 2021 match cycle virtual interviews at the Moran Eye Center, University of Utah.
Setting This study was conducted in a single residency program interview season from 2020 to 2021.
Participants Forty applicants, eight committee members, and seven residents who participated in the virtual interview process were surveyed.
Intervention or Exposure Prior to interviews, various avenues were implemented to connect with applicants. A videoconferencing software was utilized for interviews. Applicants and selection committee members met in one-on-one or small group interviews. Residents communicated with applicants in a large group setting between interviews.
Main Outcome and Measure The study aims to survey the participants as stated in the objectives. There was no planned outcome for this quality improvement study.
Results Survey response rate was 98.2% (54/55). All parties rated the technical components as good or very good. Applicants and selection committee members rated communication as overall good or very good, although residents thought communication was very poor. A total of 92.3% applicants, 75% selection committee members, and 0% residents were reported that they were able to appropriately assess fit of the program with the applicant. However, 46.3% respondents preferred in-person interviews in the future. Popular applicant resources were resident-produced videos (82.1%), conversations with residents (46.2%), and a gift bag (43.6%).
Conclusion and Relevance Overall, the technical components of the interview were successful. Small, structured group interactions led to better communication and assessment of fit. There were variable opinions regarding future interview format preference between in-person, virtual, or choice. Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, connecting with applicants via various means can optimize the match process.
Effectiveness of Roleplay Video Method in Teaching Communication Skills for Undergraduate Medical Students in Pharmacology in Indian Medical School
Authors: Volabailu Ravichandra , Acharya Swathi , Mohan Venkatesh Krishna , Holla Rajendra 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackground Communication is an important skill to be honed and applied by Indian medical graduate, as per revised regulations on Graduate Medical Education 2019. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of roleplay video demonstration in teaching communication skills to students using standard pharmacology drug prescription scenarios.Materials and Methods In this study, 136 students were divided into three batches, and in each batch, they were paired as a group of one doctor and patient and were asked to perform a roleplay of doctor-patient communication to a standard drug prescription case scenario. Communication skills of the simulated doctor were assessed before and after the administration of standard roleplay video, using modified Kalamazoo consensus statement by both the patient (peer evaluation) and the doctor (self-assessment). The effectiveness of roleplay was evaluated by comparing the total score before and after the roleplay demonstration using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. The difference between the scores of self-evaluation and peer evaluation was tested using Mann–Whitney U test.Results The communication skills score of after intervention-before intervention (p = 0.001) showed 59 positive ranks and 36.64 mean rank among patient group and 61 positive ranks and 36.74 mean rank among doctors' group, indicating there was a significant improvement in communication.Conclusion Roleplay video demonstration improved the communication skills of students in the pharmacology practical class session. It helped in the active participation of the students and was appreciated by the majority of the students.
Analyses of Bone Regeneration Capacity of Freeze-Dried Bovine Bone and Combined Deproteinized–Demineralized Bovine Bone Particles in Mandibular Defects: The Potential Application of Biological Forms of Bovine-Bone Filler
Authors: Kamadjaja David Buntoro , Satriyo Handhito , Setyawan Aris , Lesmaya Yeni Dian , Safril Jefry Wahyudi , Sumarta Ni Putu Mira , Rizqiawan Andra , Danudiningrat Coen Pramono , Tran Ta To 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Objective This study aimed to evaluate bone regeneration capacity of FDBX granules compared to composite DBBM/DFDBX granules for filling of bone defect in rabbit mandible.
Material and Methods Critical size defects were created in 45 rabbits' mandible. The defect in the control group is left untreated, while in other groups the defects were filled with FDBX granules and composite DBBM/DFDBX granules, respectively. Specimens were collected at 2, 4, and 8 weeks for histology and immunohistochemical analyses. Significant difference is set at p-value < 0.05.
Results The osteoblast-osteoclast quantification, osteoblast expression of Runx2, alkaline phosphatase, collagen-I, and osteocalcin, and osteoclast expression of receptor activator of NF-kB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in FDBX groups were statistically comparable (p > 0.05) with the composite group, while OPG/RANKL ratio, bone healing scores, and trabecular area were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the composite compared to FDBX group.
Conclusion Composite DBBM/DFDBX granules, within the limitation of this study, has better bone forming capacity than FDBX granules for filling of bone defects in the mandible.