bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantification of soil structure via synchrotron X‐ray tomography after 22 years of fertilization
Authors: Wang Weipeng , Zhang Yufa , Li Hua 
Published: March 2021

AbstractApplying fertilizers on a long‐term basis can promote the accumulation of soil organic matter and increase soil aggregation. The effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on soil structure have manifested as different morphological characteristics for different soil types. To quantify the three‐dimensional (3D) pore structure of soil cores after long‐term fertilization, we collected cinnamon soil (Chromic Luvisol) aggregates and 2 cm × 2 cm × 2 cm soil cores from a long‐term fertilization field trial beginning in 1989. The treatment groups included no fertilization (CK), inorganic fertilization (NPK) and organic fertilization (OF). Synchrotron radiation‐based X‐ray microcomputer tomography (SR‐μCT) and digital image analysis were used to determine the soil core structure. The results showed that the long‐term practices of OF treatment increased the stability of wet aggregates. Combined visualization of the soil structure and morphological parameters consistently revealed that the soil pore systems under OF treatment were more connected and multilevel than those under the CK treatment after 22 years. The soil pore structures under the CK and NPK treatments were similar but significantly different from the structure under the OF treatment.Highlights
Effect of long‐term organic and inorganic fertilization on soil structure was explored.
SR‐μCT and digital image analysis techniques were applied to visualise the soil 3D pore structure.
Long‐term application of organic fertilizers promoted the number of pores in soil aggregates.
OF‐treated soil had more macropores and better continuity between the pores with longer path lengths.
Resilience and vulnerability in adolescents with primary headaches: A cross‐sectional population‐based study
Authors: Arruda Marco Antônio , Arruda Renato , Landeira‐Fernandez J. , Anunciação Luis , Bigal Marcelo Eduardo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundA scarcity of studies on the role of resilience resources (RRs) and vulnerability risk (VR) in children and adolescents with primary headache hampers the development of a risk‐resilience model for pediatric headaches.ObjectiveTo examine the extent to which headache frequency and diagnosis are associated with RRs and VR and explore possible predictors of low RRs and high VR in a cross‐sectional population‐based study in adolescents.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional population study conducted in a small city in Brazil (Delfinópolis). Consents and analyzable data were obtained from 339/378 adolescents (89.7%). RRs and VR were assessed using the validated Brazilian version of the Resiliency Scales for Children and Adolescents, completed by the adolescents. Parents filled a structured questionnaire assessing sociodemographic and headache characteristics, as well as the Brazilian‐validated version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire added to the impact supplement to evaluate the adolescent's psychosocial adjustment skills. Teachers completed a structured questionnaire about the students’ school performance.ResultsA higher frequency of headache was associated with lower RRs (F3,335 = 2.99, p = 0.031) and higher VR (F3,335 = 4.05, p = 0.007). Headache diagnosis did not significantly influence the risk of having lower RRs or higher VR. In the exploratory analyses, females (OR 3.07; 95% CI: 1.16–9.3) and individuals with psychosocial adjustment problems (OR 7.5; 95% CI: 2.51–22.4) were predictors of low RRs, and prenatal exposure to tobacco (OR 5.6; 95% CI: 1.57–20.9) was a predictor of high VR in adolescents with primary headache.ConclusionsThe risk of low RRs and high VR was associated with a higher headache frequency, but not with headache diagnosis. These findings may contribute to the development of a risk‐resilience model of headaches in the pediatric population and help identify novel targets and develop effective resources for successful interventions.
Outcomes associated with treatment change from tenofovir disoproxil fumarate to tenofovir alafenamide in HIV‐1‐infected patients: a real‐world study in Japan
Authors: Kanda Naoki , Okamoto Koh , Okumura Hisatoshi , Mieno Makiko , Sakashita Kentaro , Sasahara Teppei , Hatakeyama Shuji 
Published: March 2021

ObjectivesTo investigate the impact of switching from tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)‐ to tenofovir alafenamide (TAF)‐containing regimens on bone, kidney, serum lipids and body weight among Asian patients.MethodsA prospective, multicentre, observational cohort study was conducted at three centres for HIV infection in Japan during 2017–2019. HIV‐infected adults previously treated with TDF‐containing regimens and scheduled to switch to TAF‐containing regimens were included. Bone mineral density (BMD), renal markers, lipids and weight were measured consecutively from 12 months before to 12 months after the switch.ResultsAmong 118 patients evaluated, the mean percentage change to spine BMD during 1 year of TAF treatment was higher than that during 1 year of TDF treatment (mean difference = 1.9%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.8–3.1). Urine protein and β2‐microglobulin levels decreased significantly after the switch, while low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides increased. During the TDF and TAF periods, the mean weight gains were 0.2 and 1.9 kg, respectively (mean difference = 1.6 kg; 95% CI: 0.9–2.3). Subgroup analysis revealed a significant difference between the mean body weight change associated with an integrase inhibitor (INSTI) (+2.8 kg) and that associated with a non‐INSTI (+1.2 kg) third agent treatment only during the TAF period.ConclusionsAmong predominantly Japanese HIV‐infected patients, BMD and renal tubular markers improved, while lipid profiles worsened significantly after the switch. Weight gain during the TAF period was larger than that during the TDF period. Concurrent use of INSTI with TAF may act synergistically to gain body weight.
The interplay between liminality and consumption: A systematic literature review with a future research agenda
Authors: Darveau Jessica , Cheikh‐Ammar Mustapha 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDuring the last three decades, the concept of liminality has been used by consumer researchers to examine consumption‐related phenomena associated with ambiguous transitions and meaningful transformative events. Inspired by the richness of this concept, researchers have continuously applied and extended the theoretical lens it affords to new and emerging contexts. However, the literature on liminality remains fragmented, and it is sometimes confusing because of the complex relationship between liminality and consumption. To dispel this confusion, this study builds on the findings of a systematic literature review to clarify the interplay between liminality and consumption and to develop a comprehensive framework for examining their relationship with each other. This framework offers a theoretical lens for the conceptual investigation of this interplay and, ultimately, for the development of a theory of liminal consumption. Four different conceptual associations between liminality and consumption are identified: liminal products, liminal consumption, consumption‐caused liminality, and liminality‐caused consumption, and their unique manifestations are theorized. Using the notion of lifeworld existentials, this study also examines various types of liminal experiences and shows that they have four overarching modes: time, space, position, and the body. Important avenues for future research are also discussed.
Workplace universalism and the integration of migrant workers and refugees in Germany
Authors: Schmidt Werner , Müller Andrea 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article looks into differences and similarities between former labour migrants' and today's refugees' workplace integration and asks what role German industrial relations play in integration processes. Drawing on more than 150 interviews, document analysis and three employee attitude surveys, conducted in the course of three research projects, a crucial finding is that despite some differences between labour migrants and refugees in terms of labour market access, education and support programmes, in both cases, workplace integration often works better than integration in German society in general. The integration of both groups is fostered by ‘pragmatic cooperation’ of workers, which is based on everyday encounters and promotes collegiality, and by universal rules for all workers, including the active and passive right to elect works councils. German industrial relations provide the institutional frame for this ‘workplace universalism’. However, workplace integration is under pressure due to polarized societal discourses and eroding industrial relations.
Differential outcomes of tonic and phasic irritability in adolescent girls
Authors: Silver Jamilah , Carlson Gabrielle A. , Olino Thomas M. , Perlman Greg , Mackin Daniel , Kotov Roman , Klein Daniel N. 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundIrritable mood is a transdiagnostic clinical feature that is present in multiple psychiatric disorders. Although irritability is frequently examined as a unitary construct, two dimensions of irritability, tonic (i.e., irritable mood) and phasic (i.e., temper outbursts), have been hypothesized. However, few studies have examined whether tonic and phasic irritability are empirically separable and predict different forms of psychopathology.MethodsWe utilized data from a longitudinal study of a community sample of 550 girls (age 13.5–15.5 years) followed at 9‐month intervals for 3 years. We conducted exploratory factor analysis (EFA) using items from three self‐report inventories: the International Personality Item Pool Anger scale, Temperament and Affectivity Inventory Anger scale, and Buss‐Perry Aggression Questionnaire Anger scale.ResultsThe EFA identified dimensions that were consistent with tonic and phasic irritability. Tonic irritability at baseline independently predicted the development of depressive disorders and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in subsequent waves. Phasic irritability independently predicted a decreased probability of GAD, but an increased probability of oppositional defiant, conduct, and substance use disorder, and greater risky sexual behavior and relational aggression during the follow‐up.ConclusionsTonic and phasic irritability appear to be separable constructs with unique implications for later psychopathology and related behavior among adolescent girls. It is important to consider this distinction in research on the etiology and pathophysiology of irritability and developing effective treatments.
A novel RFX6 heterozygous mutation (p.R652X) in maturity‐onset diabetes mellitus: A case report
Authors: Imaki Sakiho , Iizuka Katsumi , Horikawa Yukio , Yasuda Megumi , Kubota Sodai , Kato Takehiro , Liu Yanyan , Takao Ken , Mizuno Masami , Hirota Takuo , Suwa Tetsuya , Hosomichi Kazuyoshi , Tajima Atsushi , Fujiwara Yuuka , Yamazaki Yuji , Kuwata Hitoshi , Seino Yutaka , Yabe Daisuke 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTHeterozygous RFX6 mutation has emerged as a potential cause of maturity‐onset diabetes mellitus of the young (MODY). A 16‐year‐old female was diagnosed with diabetes by her family doctor and was referred to our institution for genetic examination. Genetic testing revealed a novel RFX6 heterozygous mutation (NM_173560: exon17: c.1954C>T: p.R652X) in the patient and in her mother and brother. She had no islet‐specific autoantibodies and showed a reduced meal‐induced response of insulin, glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, and glucagon‐like peptide‐1, which is consistent with the phenotype of MODY due to heterozygous RFX6 mutation. In conclusion, we report a case of MODY due to a novel heterozygous mutation, p.R652X.
Randomized, double‐blind, active‐controlled, multicentre, phase III clinical trial with two stages to assess the safety and efficacy of letibotulinum toxin a vs. onabotulinum toxin a for subjects with moderate to severe crow's feet
Authors: Yoo K.H. , Park S.J. , Han H.S. , Won C.H. , Lee Y.W. , Kim B.J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundLetibotulinum toxin A (LeBA) was approved by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (known as the Korea Food & Drug Administration) for cosmetic indications in 2012. However, the efficacy and safety of this newly introduced LeBA have not been investigated in crow's feet lines (CFL) treatment and standardization before its universal use.ObjectiveThe aim of this multicentre, double‐blind, randomized, parallel, active‐controlled Phase III clinical trial with two stages (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03408236) was to investigate the non‐inferiority of LeBA vs. the existing onabotulinum toxin A (OnBA) for the treatment of CFL.MethodsA total of 240 subjects were randomized to either the test (LeBA) or control (OnBA) group. At the baseline and at weeks 4 while maximum smiling (primary efficacy assessment), 8, 12 and 16, investigator's on‐site evaluation, independent evaluator, evaluation by the subjects, subjects' satisfaction assessment and safety assessment were performed.ResultsAt week 4, the response rate of primary efficacy assessment was 69.75% and 68.33% in the test (LeBA) and control (OnBA) groups, respectively, without a significant difference. Other minor secondary evaluation results showed significant differences suggesting that LeBA offered better improvement than OnBA, but the overall results did not show significant differences between the two groups.ConclusionThis study showed that LeBA was as effective and safe as OnBA for the treatment of CFL at the same doses.
“It’s splendid once you grow into it:” Client experiences of relational teletherapy in the era of COVID‐19
Authors: Maier Candice A. , Riger Dana , Morgan‐Sowada Heather 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe novel Coronavirus pandemic (COVID‐19) and subsequent social distancing practices have altered the way we move through the world and access physical and mental healthcare. While researchers and clinicians have begun to explore the impact of telehealth delivery on psychotherapy and treatment outcomes, the purpose of this study was to explore the lived experiences of individuals in teletherapy, specifically those engaging in teletherapy with a romantic partner or family member. Using a thematic analysis of open‐ended online survey questions, we explored the experiences of 25 individuals who engaged in couple or family teletherapy after social distancing began. The resulting themes included “making do,” safe therapeutic space, convenience, logistical challenges, and therapist accommodation. We discuss the clinical implications of these themes to support effective couple and family teletherapy and offer suggestions and considerations for remote clinical interventions and practices. [Correction added on 22 March 2021, after first online publication: The term '19' has been changed to '(COVID‐19)' in the first line of the Abstract section, in this version.]
Split‐face comparative study of fractional Er:YAG laser versus microneedling radiofrequency in treatment of atrophic acne scars, using optical coherence tomography for assessment
Authors: Emam Amira A.M. , Nada Hesham A. , Atwa Mona A. , Tawfik Noha Z. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundEfficacy and safety of ablative fractional laser used for treatment of acne scars have been described in several studies. Recently, microneedling radiofrequency treatment has been showing promising results with low risk of side effects and rapid healing time.ObjectiveTo study efficacy and safety of ablative fractional Er:YAG laser 2940 nm and microneedling radiofrequency for facial atrophic acne scar.Methods21 patients with atrophic postacne scars were randomized to MRF for one half of the face and laser for the other half. Four sessions were performed monthly. For evaluation, the validated scale “Quantitative Global Grading System for Postacne Scarring” and patient's satisfaction were used before and 3 months after treatment. Optical coherence tomography imaging of the skin was used as an objective tool for assessment.ResultsBoth sides showed significant improvement on clinical evaluation with no significant difference. Optical coherence tomography assessment showed significant increase of both epidermal and dermal thickness compared to baseline.ConclusionBoth MRF and ablative fractional Er. YAG laser 2940 nm are effective in the treatment of post acne scars. Microneedling radiofrequency is better tolerated, with lower downtime and fewer side effects.
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome diagnosed in pregnancy: Case report
Authors: Marins Lina R. , da Rocha Oppermann Maria L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a medical emergency that demands prompt diagnosis to allow lifesaving treatment: plasmapheresis. TTP during pregnancy is rare, with estimated prevalence of 1/200 000, and even rarer in association with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, with only two cases reported. Differential diagnosis includes HELLP syndrome (hemolysis elevated liver enzymes and low platelets), sepsis, intravascular‐disseminated coagulation, and acquired autoimmune diseases, each one with its unique treatment and prognosis. A case of a pregnant woman at 26th week with sudden onset of left hand paresthesia and purpura is reported. PLASMIC score showed high risk for ADAMTS‐13 deficiency and diagnosis of TTP was made. Human immunodeficiency virus screening test was positive on admission. Plasmapheresis and antiretroviral therapy were initiated and the delivery of a healthy newborn at full‐term gestation was achieved, unlike other cases in literature. No obstetric complications were observed and the follow‐up shows no signs of disease recurrence.
Adverse retention: Strategic renewal of guaranteed renewable term life insurance policies
Authors: Lai Gene C. , Nakamura Hisashi , Yamamoto Shinichi , Yoneyama Takau 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study examines adverse retention using guaranteed renewable level term life insurance policies as a sample. No additional underwriting or physical examination is performed at the time of renewal. Our results show adverse retention exists in retention decisions. Further, we also find that the degree of adverse retention increases with age and policy amount and decreases with time elapses. Our results are robust with respect to the trend of before and after the renewal. During the prerenewal period, we find the prerenewal mortality rate is not higher than the nonrenewal mortality rate which is opposite to the evidence of postrenewal period. We also find correlation between “residuals of lapse” and “residuals of fatalities” is positive, also implying adverse retention exists. Most empirical studies on adverse selection often face problems such as the role of underwriting, entanglement of adverse selection, moral hazard, and regulations. Our study is free of these problems.
Maternal exposure to iron oxide nanoparticles is associated with ferroptosis in the brain: A chicken embryo model analysis
Authors: Basaki Mehdi , Keykavusi Kamran , Sahraiy Nazila , Ali Shahbazfar Amir 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFerroptosis is a form of cell death associated with iron‐dependent lipid peroxidation. We used a chicken embryo model to investigate if ferroptosis was implicated in the molecular mechanism underlying the potential effects of maternal exposure to iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) on the developing brain. One hundred and eighty fertilized eggs were randomly divided into six groups (30 eggs/group; 10 eggs/replicate). Groups I and II received maghemite (γ‐Fe2O3) NPs (MGMNPs), while groups III and IV received magnetite (Fe3O4) NPs (MGTNPs). Both MGMNP and MGTNP were administrated at the concentrations of 100 and 250 ppm. One group (placebo) received saline, and the other remained untreated (control). The compounds were given by in ovo method (0.3 ml/egg) only once on the first day of the embryonic period. Samples from cerebral tissue were collected on day 20 for histopathological, biochemical and gene expression analyses. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) increased; glutathione peroxidase (GPX) expression and activity decreased in IONPs‐treated groups. Ferroptotic cells appeared in the cerebral tissue following exposure to the low dose of MGMNP and MGTNP. Oxidative stress and ferroptotic cells were more evident for MGMNP compared to MGTNP. The low dose of MGMNP and MGTNP induced more severe oxidative stress in the cerebral tissue. According to the results, maternal exposure to IONPs is associated with ferroptosis in the brain. This work could encourage future researches to investigate inhibitors of ferroptosis as a protective strategy against iron‐induced cell injuries and cell death.
The bidirectional relationship between sleep and physical activity following traumatic brain injury
Authors: Bruijel Jessica , van Heugten Caroline M. , Murray Jade , Grima Natalie , Ymer Lucy , Walters Elizabeth M. , Sinclair Kelly , Stapert Sven Z. , Vermeeren Annemiek , Ponsford Jennie L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSleep and physical activity are both modifiable behavioural factors that are associated with better health and are potentially related. Following traumatic brain injury, damage to the brain caused by an external force, sleep disturbances are common. Exploring bidirectional relationships between sleep and physical activity might provide insight into whether increasing physical activity could decrease these sleep disturbances. The current study, therefore, examined inter‐ and intra‐individual temporal associations between sleep and daytime physical activity in 64 people with traumatic brain injury reporting sleep problems or fatigue (47 males; mean age, 40 years). Sleep and physical activity were measured using actigraphy with corroborating sleep diaries over 14 consecutive days. Multilevel models were used to examine inter‐ and intra‐individual associations between physical activity and sleep. Inter‐individual variations showed that earlier bedtimes, earlier wake‐up times and lower sleep efficiency were associated with more physical activity. Intra‐individual temporal variations showed no significant association of daytime physical activity with sleep duration or continuity. However, shorter sleep time and less wake after sleep onset than usual were associated with more time spent in light‐intensity activity the next day. Therefore, sleep may have more of an influence on physical activity than physical activity has on sleep in people with traumatic brain injury. In conclusion, the results do not confirm a potential beneficial effect of physical activity on sleep but suggest that improving sleep quality might be relevant to support of a physically active lifestyle in people with traumatic brain injury. Further research is necessary to confirm these results.