bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Method to identify composition and production phases of spring runoff in high-latitude mid-temperate regions: a case study in the Second Songhua River Basin, China
Authors: Cidan Yangzong , Li Hongyan , Yang Wei , Tian Lin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Simulation and forecasting of runoff play an important role in the early warning and prevention of drought and flood disasters. To improve the accuracy of spring runoff simulations, it is important to identify spring runoff production patterns under the combined effect of snow and frozen soil. Based on the theory of the hydrological cycle, three important parameters, which include surface and subsurface runoff, precipitation and temperature, were selected for this study. The trend analysis, statistical analysis and Eckhardt's recursive numerical filtering method were used to qualitatively identify the production patterns of spring runoff, the start and end dates and stage periods of the production patterns. Based on the qualitative identification results, the contribution of each production runoff to the total annual runoff and the total annual spring runoff is quantitatively assessed. The results of the study show that the spring runoff production patterns in the Second Songhua River Basin can be divided into snowmelt runoff, frozen soil conditions of snowmelt–rainfall runoff and rainfall runoff under frozen soil conditions; the snowmelt production is from 21 March, the frozen soil conditions production is from 21 April and the frozen soil ablation ended on 15 June; the shortest phases of each production pattern last 28, 20 and 18 days and the longest last 31, 26 and 24 days. This research provides the basis for improving the principles of production runoff calculation in spring runoff simulation methods.
Modelling temperature dynamics in sewer systems – comparing mechanistic and conceptual modelling approaches
Authors: Saagi R. , Arnell M. , Reyes D. , Wärff C. , Ahlström M. , Jeppsson U. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The vast majority of the energy consumed for urban water services is used to heat tap water. Heat recovery from wastewater is consequently an area of rapidly growing concern, both in research and by commercial interest, promoting the path towards a circular economy. To facilitate a system-wide evaluation of heat recovery from wastewater, this paper compares two one-dimensional models (mechanistic and conceptual) that can describe wastewater temperature dynamics in sewer pipe systems. The models are applied to successfully predict downstream wastewater temperature for sewer stretches in two Swedish cities (Linköping and Malmö). The root mean squared errors for the mechanistic model (Linköping Dataset1 – 0.33 °C; Linköping Dataset2 – 0.28 °C; Malmö – 0.40 °C) and the conceptual model (Linköping Dataset1 – 0.32 °C; Linköping Dataset2 – 0.20 °C; Malmö – 0.44 °C) indicate that both models have similar predictive capabilities, encouraging the use of conceptual models to reduce data requirements and model calibration efforts. Both models are freely distributed and can be easily integrated with wastewater generation and treatment models to facilitate system-wide wastewater temperature dynamics analysis.
The COVID-19 Study of Healthcare and Support Personnel (CHAMPS): Protocol for a Longitudinal Observational Study
Authors: Kaufmann Peter G , Havens Donna S , Mensinger Janell L , Bradley Patricia K , Brom Heather M , Copel Linda C , Costello Alexander , D'Annunzio Christine , Dean Durning Jennifer , Maldonado Linda , Barrow McKenzie Ann , Smeltzer Suzanne C , Yost Jennifer ,   CHAMPS Study Investigators
Published: September 2021

Background
Early in the development of the COVID-19 pandemic, it was evident that health care workers, first responders, and other essential workers would face significant stress and workplace demands related to equipment shortages and rapidly growing infections in the general population. Although the effects of other sources of stress on health have been documented, the effects of these unique conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic on the long-term health and well-being of the health care workforce are not known.

Objective
The COVID-19 Study of Healthcare and Support Personnel (CHAMPS) was designed to document early and longitudinal effects of the pandemic on the mental and physical health of essential workers engaged in health care. We will investigate mediators and moderators of these effects and evaluate the influence of exposure to stress, including morbidity and mortality, over time. We will also examine the effect of protective factors and resilience on health outcomes.

Methods
The study cohort is a convenience sample recruited nationally through communities, professional organizations, networks, social media, and snowball sampling. Recruitment took place for 13 months to obtain an estimated sample of 2762 adults who provided self-reported information administered on the web through structured questionnaires about their work environment, mental and physical health, and psychosocial factors. Follow-up questionnaires will be administered after 6 months and annually thereafter to ascertain changes in health, well-being, and lifestyle. Participants who consented to be recontacted form the longitudinal cohort and the CHAMPS Registry may be contacted to ascertain their interest in ancillary studies for which they may be eligible.

Results
The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board and launched in May 2020, with grants from Travere Therapeutics Inc, McKesson Corporation, anonymous donors, and internal funding from the M. Louise Fitzpatrick College of Nursing at Villanova University. Recruitment ended in June 2021 after enrolling 2762 participants, 1534 of whom agreed to participate in the longitudinal study and the registry as well as to be contacted about eligibility for future studies.

Conclusions
The CHAMPS Study and Registry will enable the acquisition of detailed data on the effects of extended psychosocial and workplace stress on morbidity and mortality and serve as a platform for ancillary studies related to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04370821; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04370821

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/30757
Use, Knowledge and perception About Ketogenic Diet Amongst University Students from Medical and Health Sciences Faculties
Authors: Altamimi Mohammad , Badrasawi Manal Mahmoud , Khalid Bayan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to determine the use, knowledge and perception amongst medical students at An-Najah National University.
Methods: a cross-sectional study has been followed to collect data from students of Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences using electronic questionnaire in October 2020. The questionnaire was consisted of 5 sections regarding; sociodemographic variables, dietary information, usage of KD, knowledge and perceptions toward KD. Differences between KD users and non-users and with associations to knowledge and perceptions were statistically analysed using Chi square. While independent samples t-test and ANOVA test were conducted to examine the differences for the total score of the KD knowledge.
Results: Total respondent were 227 students with 71.8% were females. The mean age was 20Â±3 and ranged from 18â€“24-year-old. More than half of the participants have used a kind of diet mainly for weight management with only 7.5 % were using KD for an average of 6 months, half of the students referred to social media as a source of nutritional information while only 25.6% of the participants has attended nutrition related courses at the university. Overall, the studentsâ€™ knowledge regarding KD was low 3.4 Â±3.6 out of 15. However. Faculty of Medicine, third and fourth year of study, KD-user and overweight/obese students have scored significantly higher. The majority of the participants have viewed KD as not easy to be followed and need medical supervision. The relationship between the knowledge score and the perception items has shown significant differences in all perception items. Meaning that positive perception has improved as knowledge has increased.
Conclusion: the results have confirmed that knowledge amongst medical students with regard to KD was low. Sociodemographic variables were not associated with the knowledge scores however, having attended a nutrition course has improved both the knowledge and perception towards KD. Similar studies are warranted to implement nutritional courses in medical curriculum.
Prevalence of Hyponatremia in admitted patients in Oncology teaching hospital
Authors: Jasim Saba Mahdi , Faisal Zaineb , Rasheed Huda A. 
Published: September 2021

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate determination of hyponatremia prevalence in admitted patients in Oncology teaching hospital.
Methods: 6 months cross sectional study of hyponatremia prevalence done in Oncology ward in Medical city, patients (105) who were admitted for more than three days with different types of malignancies, and causes of admission, were investigated for serum sodium, Blood urea, random blood sugar, urinary Na. (single measurement) and compared to S.Na level of control (135) of non-caner individuals with same exclusion criteria.
Results: The prevalence of hyponatremia in admitted patient was 43.7%, compared to 0.73% in control group.
Conclusion: the prevalence of hyponatremia in Oncology teaching hospital / Medical city ward was higher than previous studies (done in international cancer centres), hyposmolarhyponatremia prevalence is almost similar to previous studies.
Antimicrobial activity of crude henna extract against Gram-positive bacteria
Authors: Ibrahim Samira M. S. , Rasool Chiman S. , Al-Asady Asaad Ab. 
Published: September 2021

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the effect of ethanolic extract of local Basra henna leaves on Gram-positive bacteria species. Also, to assess the antibacterial properties of henna crude extract in vitro and compare them with antibiotics.
Methods: In this study, Lawsonia inermis (henna) leaves were extracted with ethanol using the solvent extraction technique. The pathogens were isolated from wound samples obtained from hospitalized patients in two different hospitals in Duhok city. The culture of thirty isolates had been recognized by routine methods. Different concentrations of ethanol crude extract were acquired and bio-assayed in vitro to inhibit the growth of five human pathogenic Gram-positive bacteria. Agar well diffusion assay was used for achieving henna antibiotic activity. Moreover, an antibiotics susceptibility test was done by the disk diffusion method using the Muller-Hinton agar medium.
Results: The growth of all tested bacteria was suppressed to various degrees by increasing the concentration of the extract. The data has revealed that Staphylococcus aureus was more sensitive than other examined isolates, where the diameter zone of inhibition was ranging from 16-27, 14-25, and 8-18 mm for Staphylococcus epidermidis, Lactobacillus spp. and Streptococcus pneumonia respectively. The antimicrobial activity of henna extract indicates that it is suitable for being used as significant certain medications. Consequently, henna is active to serve as an anti-bacterial agent against multi-drug resistant Gram-positive bacteria.
Conclusion: The antimicrobial activity of henna extract indicates that it is suitable for being used as significant certain medications. Consequently, henna is active to serve as an anti-bacterial agent against multi-drug resistant Gram-positive bacteria.
Budget Ratcheting and Debtholders' Monitoring: Evidence from Private Colleges and Universities
Authors: Kuroki Makoto , Shuto Akinobu 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
This study examines whether budget ratcheting occurs in Japanese private colleges and universities (PC&Us) and how debtholders affect it. We predict that managers of Japanese PC&Us have incentives to increase their budgets to enhance their reputation from internal stakeholders; moreover, most of their stakeholders are less likely to strictly monitor the manager's behavior, which creates the opportunity for budget ratcheting. First, we find that the budget for program expense increases associated with prior year overspending is larger than for decreases associated with underspending of the same amount, consistent with the budget ratcheting hypothesis. Second, we also find that the extent of budget ratcheting is less pronounced in PC&Us with debtholders and earnings losses, suggesting that debtholders such as banks monitor budgetary practices. This study contributes to the budget ratcheting literature by adding new findings on the budget ratcheting practices of nonprofit organizations, namely, PC&Us.
JEL Classifications: I23; L31; M41; M48; H83.
RESPON PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN SAWI PAGODA ( Brassica narinosa L.) DENGAN SUBTITUSI POC SAMPAH RUMAH TANGGA SISTEM HIDROPONIK RAKIT APUNG
Authors: Dahlianah Inka , Emilia Ita , Utpalasri Rih Laksmi 
Published: September 2021

Pupuk organik cair yang disubtitusi merupakan salah satu inovasi yang dilakukan secara hidroponik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan persentasi subtitusi pupuk organik cair yang tepat terhadap tanaman sawi pagoda. Penelitian telah dilakukan pada bulan September - November 2020. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan satu faktor terdiri 5 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Faktor perlakuan larutan Nutrisi adalah: N0: AB Mix 0 % + POC 100 %. N1: AB Mix 20 % + POC 80 %, N2: AB Mix 40 % + POC 60 %, N3: AB Mix 60 % + POC 40 %. N4: AB Mix 80 % + POC 20 % sehingga diperoleh 20 unit perlakuan, setiap unit perlakuan berisi 3 tanaman, jumlah seluruh tanaman adalah 60 tanaman. Parameter tanaman adalah tinggi tanaman (cm), panjang akar (cm), dan bobot segar tanaman (g). Data dianalisis secara kuantitatif dengan sidik ragam (analysis of variance) pada alpha 5 %, untuk mengetahui apakah ada beda nyata antar perlakuan. Jika ada beda Nyata, di uji dengan uji lanjut Least Significant Difference (LSD) pada alpha 5 %. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tinggi tanaman tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan N4 pada parameter N4 sebesar 11,50 cm, panjang akar tertinggi pada perlakuan N4 sebesar 15,25 cm, dan berat segar tanaman tertinggi sebesar 149,75 cm.
The use of the dynamic time warping (DTW) method to describe the COVID-19 dynamics in Poland
Authors: Landmesser Joanna 
Published: September 2021

Research background: In recent times, the whole world has been severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. The influence of the epidemic on the society and the economy has caused a great deal of scientific interest. The development of the pandemic in many countries was analyzed using various models. However, the literature on the dissemination of COVID-19 lacks econometric analyzes of the development of this epidemic in Polish voivodeships.
Purpose of the article: The aim of the study is to find similarities in time series for infected with and those who died of COVID-19 in Polish voivodeships using the method of dynamic time warping.
Methods: The dynamic time warping method allows to calculate the distance between two time series of different lengths. This feature of the method is very important in our analysis because the coronavirus epidemic did not start in all voivodeships at the same time. The dynamic time warping also enables an adjustment of the timeline to find similar, but shifted, phases. Using this method, we jointly analyze the number of infected and deceased people in each province. In the next step, based on the measured similarity of the time series, the voivodeships are grouped hierarchically.
Findings & value added: We use the dynamic time warping to identify groups of voivodeships affected by the epidemic to a different extent. The classification performed may be useful as it indicates patterns of the COVID-19 disease evolution in Polish voivodeships. The results obtained at the regional level will allow better prediction of future infections. Decision makers should formulate further recommendations for lockdowns at the local level, and in the long run, adjust the medical infrastructure in the regions accordingly. Policymakers in other countries can benefit from the findings by shaping their own regional policies accordingly.
Mayores y Pensiones: una tensión no resuelta para el futuro de nuestro Estado del Bienestar
Authors: Vila Tierno Francisco 
Published: September 2021

Es sobradamente reiterada la afirmación –que responde a una realidad incuestionable–, que estamos en una sociedad en continuo proceso de envejecimiento. Y ello, que se ha ofrecido y presentado como un problema, no es más que la consecuencia de la mejora de nuestra calidad de vida. Es cierto que coincide con una simultánea caída del índice de natalidad, pero no es menos cierto que estamos en un mundo sobresaturado. Al margen de lo anterior, la evolución social, laboral, económica y tecnológica, nos trae nuevas formas de prestación laboral, carreras de cotización devaluadas y necesidades cambiantes a las que tiene que responder un Sistema diseñado, esencialmente, bajo otros parámetros completamente diferentes.
Estimasi Produksi Tandan Kelapa Sawit Berdasarkan Analisis Ketersediaan Air dengan Teknik Oil Palm Dissection
Authors: Sukarman Sukarman , Wirianata Herry , Budiharjo Kadarwati , Primananda Septa , Purwantisari Susiana 
Published: September 2021

Jika faktor genetik, tanah dan teknik budidaya bukan merupakan faktor pembatas, maka fluktuasi hasil panen dipengaruhi oleh faktor iklim atau lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ketersediaan air (defisit air, curah hujan dan hari hujan) terhadap sex ratio termasuk model hasil panen kelapa sawit. Penelitian telah dilakukan pada bulan November 2016 hingga Oktober 2017 di wilayah Wilmar International Plantation Kalimantan Tengah. Analisis menggunakan regresi berganda dan uji korelasi termasuk uji asumsi klasik (uji normalitas, multikolinieritas dan heteroskedastisitas) untuk analisis statistik dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa curah hujan dan hari hujan berpengaruh nyata terhadap perkembangan sex ratio selama 23 bulan sebelum panen (MBH), saat defisit air berpengaruh nyata terhadap sex ratio pada 24 MBH. Estimasi distribusi produksi bulanan, anggaran produksi dan produksi aktual menunjukkan bahwa tidak signifikan. Estimasi distribusi produksi bulanan, anggaran produksi dan realisasi produksi menunjukkan bahwa tidak signifikan, dapat digunakan keakuratan distribusi produksi bulanan kelapa sawit.
Kata kunci: sex ratio, curah hujan, hari hujan, defisit hujan, bunga betina
The Hubungan Konsumsi Buah dan Sayur, Aktivitas Fisik, Obesitas Serta Riwayat Keluarga Terhadap Kejadian Hipertensi di Kabupaten Kepulauan Seribu Tahun 2019
Authors: Ica Aisaturrido  , Birwin Alib , Darmawansyah Alnur Rony 
Published: September 2021

Abstrak
Latar Belakang:
Menurut Riskesdas, prevalensi hipertensi berdasarkan pengukuran tekanan darah pada penduduk usia ≥18 tahun menunjukkan peningkatan dari tahun 2013 sebesar 25,8% menjadi 34,1% pada tahun 2018. Berdasarkan data Seksi Penyakit Tidak Menular Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi DKI Jakarta tahun 2019 Kabupaten Kepulauan Seribu memiliki capaian Posbindu PTM tertinggi untuk hipertensi yaitu 50.61%.
Tujuan :
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk hubungan konsumsi buah dan sayur, aktivitas fisik, obesitas serta riwayat keluarga terhadap kejadian hipertensi di Kabupaten Kepulauan Seribu tahun 2019.
Metode Penelitian:
Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi DKI Jakarta berupa data skrining hipertensi di Kabupaten Kepulauan Seribu tahun 2019. Desain studi pada penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif cross sectional, Jumlah sampel sebanyak 943 yang diambil dengan menggunakan teknik simple random sampling. Analisis data meliputi analisis univariat dan bivariat yang menggunakan uji chi square (CI=95%; α=0,05).
Hasil :
Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan terdapat hubungan antara usia, jenis kelamin, kurang aktivitas fisik, obesitas serta riwayat keluarga dengan kejadian hipertensi dengan p value 0.000 dan tidak terdapat hubungan antara kurang konsumsi buah dan sayur dengan kejadian hipertensi dengan p value 0.190.

Kesimpulan:
Terdapat hubungan antara usia, jenis kelamin, kurang aktivitas fisik, obesitas, dan riwayat keluarga dengan kejadian hipertensi di kabupaten kepulauan seribu tahun 2019 dan tidak terdapat hubungan antara kurang konsumsi buah dan sayur dengan kerjadian hipertensi di kabupaten kepulauan seribu tahun 2019.
Child welfare system
Authors: Hanna David 
Published: September 2021

The year 2019 represented a watershed moment for Aotearoa New Zealand’s child welfare system, as a public spotlight was shone on systemic ethnic inequities during ongoing legislative changes aimed at centering Te Tiriti o Waitangi and whänau, hapü, and iwi considerations in policy and practice. In the midst of this dialogue, Victoria University of Wellington’s School of Government hosted the “Children, Families, and the State”– a seminar series focused on the historical, current, and future role of the state in the lives of families and children. The seminars, and the discussion it generated, was due to the calls to action from speakers across the system, including leadership at Oranga Tamariki, within the family court, non-profit providers, commissioners and advocates, and academics.
The four brief essays in this edition of Policy Quarterly capture viewpoints from several of the seminar speakers. Despite their different perspectives, common threads unite them. A greater recognition of the structural causes of the historical and current patterns of ethnic inequities in child welfare system contact, a commitment to whänau, hapü, and iwi-centred policy, practice, and partnership, the authors argue, are vital for a more just and empowering system.
Determination of caffeine, catechins and gallic acid in black tea of different geographical origin
Authors: Gushchaeva K. S. , Tsyupko T. G. , Voronova O. B. , Malyukova L. S. 
Published: September 2021

We present the results of studying and selectiing optimal conditions for the determination of caffeine, catechins and gallic acid in black tea by the method of micellar electrokinetic chromatography. The choice of analytes is determined by the fact that they form the main consumer qualities of tea and, due to their antioxidant properties, have a positive effect on human health. Optimization of the electrophoretic detemination of seven catechins, caffeine and gallic acid in black tea was carried out using the method of ex­ periment design. Optimized conditions — 25 mM phosphate buffer solution with pH 7.4, containing 30 mM SDS and 5% ethyl alcohol — provided a satisfactory resolution of all electrophoretogram peaks, the analysis time was 25 minutes, and the current in the system did not exceed 120 pA. After the assessment of the metrological characteristics of the proposed method the standard deviation of the determina­tion of analytes did not exceed 15%. The samples of black tea from Ceylon, Chinese, Assamese, Indian, Kenyan and Krasnodar regions of growth were analyzed, and an array of data on the contents of the analytes under study was formed. Discriminant analysis was used to develop a model and obtain classifica­tion functions for six tea groups from different regions of the world. Proceeding from the obtained classifi­cation functions, a scatter diagram of canonical values was constructed, which showed that the samples of Krasnodar and Chinese tea were localized from all the studied groups. Indian, Assamese and Ceylon teas formed a single area with close to the Chinese tea group. The correctness of the model was checked and revealed the total predictive force about 92%. It is shown that the content of catechins, gallic acid and caf­feine are suitable markers for the classification of black tea samples from different regions of origin.