bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of pneumoperitoneum on kidney injury biomarkers: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Marton Filho Marcos Antonio , Alves Rodrigo Leal , Nascimento Paulo do , Tarquinio Gabriel dos Santos , Mega Paulo Ferreira , Pinheiro Módolo Norma Sueli 
Published: February 2021

Background
Increased intra-abdominal pressure causes hemodynamic changes that may affect renal biomarkers.

Methods
This randomized, single-blind, single-center clinical trial recruited patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy at a tertiary care center in Brazil. They were randomly allocated to a standard intra-abdominal pressure group (P10-12, 10–12 mm Hg) and a low intra-abdominal pressure group (P6-8, 6–8 mm Hg). The primary outcome was the change in neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and cystatin C levels measured at the beginning of the procedure (T0), at the end of the procedure (T1), and 24 hours after the procedure (T2). P-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results
In total, 64 patients completed the study—33 were given standard pressure and 31 were given low pressure. There was no significant difference in the biomarker between the groups (P = 0.580), but there was a significant difference between the time points with elevation at T1 (P < 0.001). Similar to NGAL, cystatin C had an elevation at T1 in both groups (P = 0.021), but no difference was found when comparing the groups.

Conclusions
In laparoscopic cholecystectomy, pneumoperitoneum increases NGAL and cystatin C levels intraoperatively, and the use of low-pressure pneumoperitoneum does not change the course of these biomarkers.
Duration of birth interval and its predictors among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia: Gompertz gamma shared frailty modeling
Authors: Tesema Getayeneh Antehunegn , Worku Misganaw Gebrie , Teshale Achamyeleh Birhanu 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundThe World Health Organization recommended a minimum of 33 months between consecutive live births to reduce the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Poorly spaced pregnancies are associated with poor maternal and child health outcomes such as low birth weight, stillbirth, uterine rupture, neonatal mortality, maternal mortality, child malnutrition, and maternal hemorrhage. However, there was limited evidence on the duration of birth interval and its predictors among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the duration of birth interval and its predictors among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia.MethodsA secondary data analysis was conducted based on the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey data. A total weighted sample of 11022 reproductive-age women who gave birth within five years preceding the survey was included for analysis. To identify the predictors, the Gompertz gamma shared frailty model was fitted. The theta value, Akakie Information Criteria (AIC), Bayesian Information Criteria (BIC), and deviance was used for model selection. Variables with a p-value of less than 0.2 in the bi-variable analysis were considered for the multivariable analysis. In the multivariable Gompertz gamma shared frailty analysis, the Adjusted Hazard Ratio (AHR) with a 95% Confidence Interval (CI) was reported to show the strength and statistical significance of the association.ResultsThe median inter-birth interval in Ethiopia was 38 months (95% CI: 37.58, 38.42). Being living in Addis Ababa (AHR = 0.15, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.70), being rural resident (AHR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.23), being Muslim religious follower (AHR = 6.53, 95% CI: 2.35, 18.18), having three birth (AHR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.10, 0.83), having four birth (AHR = 0.30, 95% CI: 0.09, 0.74), five and above births (AHR = 0.10, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.41), and using contraceptive (AHR = 2.35, 95% CI: 1.16, 4.77) were found significant predictors of duration of birth interval.ConclusionThe length of the inter-birth interval was consistent with the World Health Organization recommendation. Therefore, health care interventions that enhance modern contraceptive utilization among women in rural areas and Muslim religious followers would be helpful to optimize birth interval.
Development of a categorical naming test in Korean: Standardization and clinical application for patients with stroke
Authors: Hwang Yu Mi , Na Yoonhye , Pyun Sung-Bom 
Published: February 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to develop and standardize a new categorical naming test, titled the Categorical Naming Test (CNT), for stroke patients, and to investigate its validity and clinical usefulness for patients with stroke.Materials and methodsThe CNT was developed based on semantic category, imageability, and psycholinguistic factors such as word frequency and word length. The test materials included two main semantic categories (living objects and artificial objects) comprising 60 items. We standardized the CNT on 221 healthy adults and administered the CNT to 112 stroke patients.ResultsInternal consistency and concurrent validity of the test were high. The mean total CNT scores varied significantly according to participants’ age, sex, and education. Among healthy controls, the scores for naming living objects were significantly higher than those for artificial objects. The analysis of stroke patients showed that the total CNT score revealed a statistically significant difference based on the patients’ lesion laterality and presence of aphasia, after controlling for age, sex, and education. However, the categorical scores achieved by comparing the naming scores for living and artificial objects showed no significant differences according to lesion laterality, stroke type, and presence of aphasia.ConclusionThe CNT is a newly developed version of an overt naming task with high internal consistency validity for stroke patients in Korea. The newly developed CNT can prove useful in evaluating naming ability in stroke patients.
EEG signatures of cognitive and social development of preschool children–a systematic review
Authors: Bhavnani Supriya , Lockwood Estrin Georgia , Haartsen Rianne , Jensen Sarah K. G. , Gliga Teodora , Patel Vikram , Johnson Mark H. 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundEarly identification of preschool children who are at risk of faltering in their development is essential to ensuring that all children attain their full potential. Electroencephalography (EEG) has been used to measure neural correlates of cognitive and social development in children for decades. Effective portable and low-cost EEG devices increase the potential of its use to assess neurodevelopment in children at scale and particularly in low-resource settings. We conducted a systematic review aimed to synthesise EEG measures of cognitive and social development in 2-5-year old children. Our secondary aim was to identify how these measures differ across a) the course of development within this age range, b) gender and c) socioeconomic status (SES).Methods and findingsA systematic literature search identified 51 studies for inclusion in this review. Data relevant to the primary and secondary aims was extracted from these studies and an assessment for risk of bias was done, which highlighted the need for harmonisation of EEG data collection and analysis methods across research groups and more detailed reporting of participant characteristics. Studies reported on the domains of executive function (n = 22 papers), selective auditory attention (n = 9), learning and memory (n = 5), processing of faces (n = 7) and emotional stimuli (n = 8). For papers investigating executive function and selective auditory attention, the most commonly reported measures were alpha power and the amplitude and latency of positive (P1, P2, P3) and negative (N1, N2) deflections of event related potential (ERPs) components. The N170 and P1 ERP components were the most commonly reported neural responses to face and emotional faces stimuli. A mid-latency negative component and positive slow wave were used to index learning and memory, and late positive potential in response to emotional non-face stimuli. While almost half the studies described changes in EEG measures across age, only eight studies disaggregated results based on gender, and six included children from low income households to assess the impact of SES on neurodevelopment. No studies were conducted in low- and middle-income countries.ConclusionThis review has identified power across the EEG spectrum and ERP components to be the measures most commonly reported in studies in which preschool children engage in tasks indexing cognitive and social development. It has also highlighted the need for additional research into their changes across age and based on gender and SES.
Physical activity is associated with lower cerebral beta-amyloid and cognitive function benefits from lifetime experience–a study in exceptional aging
Authors: Treyer Valerie , Meyer Rafael S. , Buchmann Andreas , Crameri Giovanni A. G. , Studer Sandro , Saake Antje , Gruber Esmeralda , Unschuld Paul G. , Nitsch Roger M. , Hock Christoph , Gietl Anton F. 
Published: February 2021

Background
Exceptional agers (85+ years) are characterized by preserved cognition presumably due to high cognitive reserve. In the current study, we examined whether personality, risk and protective factors for dementia as well as quality of life are associated with core features of Alzheimer’s disease (amyloid-deposition and hippocampal volume) as well as cognition in exceptional aging.

Methods
We studied 49 exceptional agers (average 87.8 years, range 84–94 years), with preserved activities of daily living and absence of dementia. All participants received a detailed clinical and neuropsychological examination. We used established questionnaires to measure lifetime experience, personality, recent physical and cognitive activity as well as quality of life. Cerebral amyloid-deposition was estimated by 18-[F]-Flutemetamol-PET and manual hippocampal volumetry was performed on 3D T1 MRI images.

Results
In this sample of exceptional agers with preserved activities of daily living, we found intact cognitive performance in the subjects with the highest amyloid-load in the brain, but a lower quality of life with respect to autonomy as well as higher neuroticism. Higher self-reported physical activity in the last twelve months went with a lower amyloid load. Higher self-reported leisure-time/ not work-related activity went with better executive functioning at older age.

Conclusion
Even in exceptional aging, high amyloid load may subtly influence personality and quality of life. Our findings support a close relationship between high physical activity and low amyloid-deposition and underscore the importance of extracurricular activities for executive functions. As executive functions are known to be a central resource for everyday functioning in fostering extracurricular activities may be effective in delaying the onset of dementia.
The porcine corneal surface bacterial microbiome: A distinctive niche within the ocular surface
Authors: Leis Marina L. , Madruga Gabriela M. , Costa Matheus O. 
Published: February 2021

PurposeThe ocular surface microbiome has been described as paucibacterial. Until now, studies investigating the bacterial community associated with the ocular surface through high-throughput sequencing have focused on the conjunctiva. Conjunctival samples are thought to reflect and be representative of the microbiome residing on the ocular surface, including the cornea. Here, we hypothesized that the bacterial community associated with the corneal surface was different from those of the inferonasal and superotemporal conjunctival fornices, and from the tear film.MethodsBoth eyes from 15 healthy piglets were sampled using swabs (inferonasal fornix, superotemporal fornix, and corneal surface,n= 30 each) and Schirmer tear test strips (STT,n= 30). Negative sampling controls (swabs and STT,n= 2 each) and extraction controls (n= 4) were included. Total DNA was extracted and high-throughput sequencing targeting the 16S rRNA gene was performed. Bioinformatic analyses included multiple contamination-controlling steps.ResultsCorneal surface samples had a significantly lower number of taxa detected (P<0.01) and were compositionally different from all other sample types (Bray-Curtis dissimilarity,P<0.04). It also harbored higher levels of Proteobacteria (P<0.05), specificallyBrevundimonasspp. (4.1-fold) andParacoccusspp. (3.4-fold) than other sample types. Negative control STT strip samples yielded the highest amount of 16S rRNA gene copies across all sample types (P<0.05).ConclusionsOur data suggests that the corneal surface provides a distinct environmental niche within the ocular surface, leading to a bacterial community compositionally different from all other sample types.
Knowledge, attitude, and practice of antenatal exercises among pregnant women in Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Janakiraman Balamurugan , Gebreyesus Tsiwaye , Yihunie Mulualem , Genet Moges Gashaw 
Published: February 2021

Background
“Is pregnancy opportunity or a barrier for engaging in exercise”. Maternal health still is a top priority in sub-Saharan Africa including Ethiopia. Participation in exercises during pregnancy in low-middle income countries is constrained. The objective of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of antenatal exercises among Ethiopian women during pregnancy, and also to examine the barriers to prenatal physical activity.

Methods
A descriptive hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted and 349 pregnant women receiving prenatal care at the ante-natal care clinic, University of Gondar comprehensive specialized hospital were recruited. Data were obtained on maternal characteristics, knowledge, attitude, practice, and barriers towards antenatal exercise (ANEx) by interview method.

Results
Among 349 pregnant women, 138 (39.5%) and 193 (55.3%) had adequate knowledge, a positive attitude, and good practice respectively. Overall, 108 (30.9) of the respondents practiced antenatal exercise, while only 41 (37.9%) of those pregnant women had a good practice. Brisk walking (90.7%), relaxation (38.9%), and breathing exercise (36.1%) were most practice ANEx, while pelvic floor 6 (5.6%) and 3 (2.8%) yoga were the least practiced. Enhancing post-natal recovery (71%) and vaginal bleeding (64.5) were perceived as benefits and contraindication of ANEx. More than half of the pregnant women (53.6) reported that ANEx is not appropriate for Ethiopian culture. Knowledge, attitude, and practice of ANEx among pregnant women are significantly associated with higher education, government employees, pre-pregnancy exercise, and being advised on ANEx before. Women with adequate knowledge are more likely to have a good practice (AOR 4.53, 95%CI: 1.64, 15.3).

Conclusion
The findings of this study suggest that knowledge concerning antenatal exercise is low and their attitude is reasonably favorable. However, very few Ethiopian pregnant practices ANEx according to recommended guidelines during pregnancy.
Distribution and translation
Authors: Lee Tong King 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTranslation has traditionally been viewed as a branch of applied linguistics. This has changed drastically in recent decades, which have witnessed translation studies growing as a field beyond, and sometimes against, applied linguistics. This paper is an attempt to think translation back into applied linguistics by reconceptualizing translation through the notions of distributed language, semiotic repertoire, and assemblage. It argues that: (a) embedded within a larger textual-media ecology, translation is enacted through dialogical interaction among the persons, texts, technologies, platforms, institutions, and traditions operating within that ecology; (b) what we call translations are second-order constructs, or relatively stable formations of signs abstracted from the processual flux of translating on the first-order; (c) translation is not just about moving a work from one discrete language system across to another, but about distributing it through semiotic repertoires; (d) by orchestrating resources performatively, translations are not just interventions in the target language and culture, but are transformative of the entire translingual and multimodal space (discursive, interpretive, material) surrounding a work. The paper argues that distributed thinking helps us de-fetishize translation as an object of study and reimagine translators as partaking of a creative network of production alongside other human and non-human agents.
Knowledge, Awareness and Probabilistic Beliefs
Authors: Sadzik Tomasz 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBayesian game theory investigates strategic interaction of players with full awareness but incomplete information about their environment. We extend the analysis to players with incomplete awareness, who might not be able to reason about all contingencies in the first place. We develop three logical systems for knowledge, probabilistic beliefs and awareness, and characterize their axiom systems. Bayesian equilibrium is extended to games with incomplete awareness and we show that it is consistent with common prior and speculative trade, when common knowledge of rationality is violated.
ABCB1 polymorphism in clopidogrel-treated Montenegrin patients
Authors: Mugosa Snezana , Todorovic Zoran , Cukic Jelena , Sahman-Zaimovic Majda , Djordjevic Natasa 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Clopidogrel is an antiplatelet drug that displays significant interindividual variability in treatment response. Its bioavailability depends on the function of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), which is coded by a highly polymorphic ABCB1 gene. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ABCB1 genetic polymorphism on clopidogrel efficacy and safety and to determine the frequency distribution of its most common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 106 Montenegrin cardiology patients. Clopidogrel efficacy and safety were followed up during 1 year after hospitalization, with the lack of efficacy and adverse drug reactions observed in 11 (10.4%) and 8 patients (7.5%), respectively. Genotyping for ABCB1 SNPs rs1128503 (1236C > T), rs2032582 (2677G > A/T), and rs1045642 (3435C > T) was performed by the real-time PCR method, and the variant alleles were detected with the frequencies of 42.9, 44.8, and 52.8%, respectively. No significant association was observed between any of the examined genotypes and clopidogrel efficacy (p = 0.253) or safety (p = 0.424). Due to small sample size, co-treatment with other drugs, and other genetic factors not taken into account, we believe the absence of correlation between ABCB1 genotypes and indicators of clopidogrel efficacy and safety in this study should be apprehended conditionally, and that larger and better-controlled studies are warranted.
Incidence, characteristics and outcomes among inpatient, outpatient and emergency department with reported high critical serum potassium values
Authors: Kuo Wei-Hung , You Huey-Ling , Huang Wan-Ting , Lee Yueh-Ting , Chiou Terry Ting-Yu , Ng Hwee-Yeong , Lee Chien-Te 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Severe hyperkalemia can cause life-threatening arrhythmia, cardiac arrest, or death. This study aimed to investigate the incidence and the associated factors relevant to critical hyperkalemia (≥6 mmol/L) among inpatients, outpatients, and emergency department. Their clinical outcomes were also analyzed.

Methods
All patients whose high serum potassium values had been reported as critical laboratory values in 2016 were enrolled. Their demographic data, comorbidities, clinical symptoms, biochemical data, and outcomes were reviewed and collected. The Charlson comorbidity score (CCS) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were computed to assess the comorbidity burden and renal function. Patients were divided into groups according to different settings, potassium and GFR levels, and their survival.

Results
Of the 293,830 total serum potassium tests, 1,382 (0.47%) reports were listed as critical laboratory values. The average reply time was 6.3 min. Their mean age was 67.2 years, while the average GFR was 12.2 mL/min/1.73 m2. The overall mortality rate was 34%. Patients in the emergency department had the highest incidence (0.92%), while inpatients had the worst outcome (51% mortality). The leading cause of mortality was septic shock. The fatal group had higher rates of clinical symptoms, higher potassium values, CCS, and eGFR (all p<0.05).

Conclusions
Most of the responses for the reports were obtained within a short period of time. Patients with reported high critical serum potassium values were characterized by high rates of comorbidity, reduced eGFR, and mortality. The incidence, clinical manifestations, and outcomes varied in the different clinical settings.
A low level of CD16pos monocytes in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients is a marker of severity
Authors: Vasse Marc , Zuber Benjamin , Goubeau Laurie , Ballester Marie-Christine , Roumier Mathilde , Delcominette Frédérique , Habarou Florence , Jolly Emilie , Ackermann Felix , Cerf Charles , Farfour Eric , Pascreau Tiffany 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Severe forms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are characterized by an excessive production of inflammatory cytokines. Activated monocytes secrete high levels of cytokines. Human monocytes are divided into three major populations: conventional (CD14posCD16neg), non-classical (CD14dimCD16pos), and intermediate (CD14posCD16pos) monocytes. The aim of this study was to analyze whether the distribution of conventional (CD16neg) and CD16pos monocytes is different in patients with COVID-19 and whether the variations could be predictive of the outcome of the disease.

Methods
We performed a prospective study on 390 consecutive patients referred to the Emergency Unit, with a proven diagnosis of SARS-CoV 2 infection by RT-PCR. Using the CytoDiff™ reagent, an automated routine leukocyte differential, we quantified CD16neg and CD16pos monocytes.

Results
In the entire population, median CD16neg and CD16pos monocyte levels (0.398 and 0.054×109/L, respectively) were in the normal range [(0.3–0.7×109/L) and (0.015–0.065×109/L), respectively], but the 35 patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) had a significantly (p<0.001) lower CD16pos monocyte count (0.018 × 109/L) in comparison to the 70 patients who were discharged (0.064 × 109/L) or were hospitalized in conventional units (0.058 × 109/L). By ROC curve analysis, the ratio [absolute neutrophil count/CD16pos monocyte count] was highly discriminant to identify patients requiring ICU hospitalization: with a cut-off 193.1, the sensitivity and the specificity were 74.3 and 81.8%, respectively (area under the curve=0.817).

Conclusions
Quantification of CD16pos monocytes and the ratio [absolute neutrophil count/CD16pos monocyte count] could constitute a marker of the severity of disease in COVID-19 patients.
Presidential Home Style: Trump in the Era of COVID-19
Authors: Just Marion R. , Saraceno Joseph , Crigler Ann N. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In Homestyle: House Members in their Districts (1978) Richard Fenno argued that members of Congress utilize different “home styles” when communicating with various segments of their constituency. These tailored, face-to-face interactions help build trust, are essential to the reelection effort, and shape member behavior once in office. In this paper, we reconfigure and extend Fenno’s theory to help explain presidential (in)action in the digital age. By analyzing President Trump’s daily press briefings and social media presence during the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic, we argue that just as a representative’s home style carries over into governance, the same can be said for a president in what we have called “presidential home styles.” We find that the characteristics that made Trump a successful campaigner in the 2016 election are not conducive to effective governance, especially during a crisis.