bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Apparent Type 2 Sonatas and Reversed Recapitulations in the Nineteenth Century
Authors: VANDE MOORTELE STEVEN 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTIn a small number of sonata forms scattered across the nineteenth century, the development is followed immediately by a return of the subordinate theme, the main theme coming back only later or not at all. How to interpret these forms – often casually referred to as sonata forms with ‘reversed recapitulation’ – has been a topic of debate among theorists within the newFormenlehre. While some (e.g. Hepokoski and Darcy 2006, Smith 2019 and Hepokoski 2021) have argued against the ‘reversed recapitulation’ model and in favour of an understanding along the lines of the (eighteenth‐century) ‘type 2 sonata’, others (e.g. Wingfield 2008, Wingfield and Horton 2012 and Vande Moortele 2017) have problematised that position on historical and analytical grounds.This article weighs the arguments for and against the various positions, at once problematising the type 2 approach and arguing for a more restrictive application of the reversed recapitulation idea. Analyzing more and less familiar pieces by Mendelssohn (Octet, Op. 20/ii), Schumann (Symphony No. 4/iv), Martucci (Piano Trio Op. 62/iv), Hartmann (Piano Sonata Op. 34/iv) and Hummel (Piano Sonata Op. 106/iv), it develops ways of thinking about these forms that move beyond the dichotomy between type 2 and reversed recapitulation by introducing the categories of ‘main‐theme deletion’ and ‘development‐recapitulation fusion’.
Asthma as a risk factor for hospitalization in children with COVID‐19: A nested case‐control study
Authors: Gaietto Kristina , Freeman Megan Culler , DiCicco Leigh Anne , Rauenswinter Sherry , Squire Joseph R. , Aldewereld Zachary , Iagnemma Jennifer , Campfield Brian T. , Wolfson David , Kazmerski Traci M. , Forno Erick 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundMost pediatric studies of asthma and COVID‐19 to date have been ecological, which offer limited insight. We evaluated the association between asthma and COVID‐19 at an individual level.MethodsUsing data from prospective clinical registries, we conducted a nested case‐control study comparing three groups: children with COVID‐19 and underlying asthma (“A+C” cases); children with COVID‐19 without underlying disease (“C+” controls); and children with asthma without COVID‐19 (“A+” controls).ResultsThe cohort included 142 A+C cases, 1110 C+ controls, and 140 A+ controls. A+C cases were more likely than C+ controls to present with dyspnea and wheezing, to receive pharmacologic treatment including systemic steroids (all p < .01), and to be hospitalized (4.9% vs. 1.7%, p = .01). In the adjusted analysis, A+C cases were nearly 4 times more likely to be hospitalized than C+ controls (adjusted OR = 3.95 [95%CI = 1.4–10.9]); however, length of stay and respiratory support level did not differ between groups. Among A+C cases, 8.5% presented with an asthma exacerbation and another 6.3% developed acute exacerbation symptoms shortly after testing positive for SARS‐CoV‐2. Compared to historic A+ controls, A+C cases had less severe asthma, were less likely to be on controller medications, and had better asthma symptom control (all p < .01).ConclusionsIn our cohort, asthma was a risk factor for hospitalization in children with COVID‐19, but not for worse COVID‐19 outcomes. SARS‐CoV‐2 does not seem to be a strong trigger for pediatric asthma exacerbations. Asthma severity was not associated with higher risk of COVID‐19.
Impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the 2020 pediatric anesthesiology fellowship application cycle: A survey of program directors
Authors: DiGiusto Matthew , Lupa Maria Concetta , Corridore Marco , Sivak Erica L. , Lockman Justin L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic created a situation with an urgent need to produce a virtual system for the 2019–2020 pediatric anesthesiology fellowship cycle. With fellowship interviews beginning in April 2020, there was minimal time for programs to adapt. Each program rapidly developed its own platform, expectations, materials, and process for interviews—all while under the stress of managing the unfolding patient care, financial, and leadership crises of the unfolding pandemic.AimsThe aim of this survey‐based study was to help identify changes compared with previous traditional cycles, obstacles encountered, and program director attitudes toward this, and possible future, virtual application cycles. We separately report the results of an applicant‐based survey about the 2020 virtual interview cycle.MethodsA 50‐question survey was developed utilizing Qualtrics. An anonymous survey link was sent to all pediatric anesthesiology program directors with an invitation for one program leader (either the program director or assistant/associate program director but not both) from each program to complete the voluntary survey.ResultThirty respondents completed the survey, for a response rate of 50% based on the 60 ACGME‐approved pediatric anesthesiology fellowships. Compared to previous traditional cycles, almost half of respondents (14/29, 48.3%) reported no increase in the number of applications received, and a majority of respondents (16/29, 55.2%) reported that they offered the same number of interview spots for the year. The virtual interview process appears to have gone smoothly, as a majority of programs reported they never or rarely had technical problems across a number of different domains. Importantly, the majority of respondents were either somewhat satisfied or extremely satisfied (21/28, 75%) with the overall virtual interview process. Given the choice of preferred interview format going forward, half of the respondents (14/28) would offer a combination of traditional and virtual interviews.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate that virtual interviews are a viable alternative to traditional interviews and can be completed without many technological complications. PDs were overall satisfied with virtual interviews, despite not having appropriate time to plan and coordinate, and would be interested in continuing this option into the future. There are areas where improvements can be made and with appropriate planning could look to mitigate some of the areas where virtual interviews fall short of traditional interviews. In combination with our previously published survey of applicants (Paediatr Anaesth. 2021;31(9):968–976), these data form a more complete picture of virtual interview best practices going forward.
Elucidating drought responsive networks in tef (Eragrostis tef) using phenomic and metabolomic approaches
Authors: Girija Aiswarya , Han Jiwan , Corke Fiona , Brook Jason , Doonan John , Yadav Rattan , Jifar Habte , Mur Luis A. J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDrought is a major abiotic stress that limits crop productivity and is driving the need to introduce new tolerant crops with better economic yield. Tef (Eragrostis tef) is a neglected (orphan) Ethiopian warm‐season annual gluten‐free cereal with high nutritional and health benefits. Further, tef is resilient to environmental challenges such as drought, but the adaptive mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, metabolic changes associated with drought response in 11 tef accessions were identified using phenomic and metabolomic approaches under controlled conditions. Computerized image analysis of droughted plants indicated reductions in leaf area and green pigments compared with controls. Metabolite profiling based on flow‐infusion electrospray–high‐resolution mass spectroscopy (FIE‐HRMS) showed drought associated changes in flavonoid, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, sugar metabolism, valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis, and pentose phosphate pathways. Flavonoid associated metabolites and TCA intermediates were lower in the drought group, whereas most of the stress‐responsive amino acids and sugars were elevated. Interestingly, after drought treatment, one accession Enatite (Ent) exhibited a significantly higher plant area than the others, and greater accumulation of flavonoids, amino acids (serine and glycine), sugars (ribose, myo‐inositol), and fatty acids. The increased accumulation of these metabolites could explain the increased tolerance to drought in Ent compared with other accessions. This is the first time a non‐targeted metabolomics approach has been applied in tef, and our results provide a framework for a better understanding of the tef metabolome during drought stress that will help to identify traits to improve this understudied potential crop.
Housing tactics: Searching for community resilience in depopulated rural contexts (Huertas, South West Spain)
Authors: Hernández‐Ramírez Macarena , Cáceres‐Feria Rafael , Ruiz‐Ballesteros Esteban 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDepopulation of the rural world jeopardises the continuity of many communities and the socioecosystems they support. In response to this situation, diverse strategies are activated to ensure the continuity of these socioecosystems. All these initiatives seek, directly or indirectly, to strengthen community resilience, with a view to making the changes required to reverse the population trend. One of the most obvious, but least studied, effects of depopulation is the abandonment of housing, which initially implies urban deterioration and collapse but which can also become an opportunity if these abandoned houses are turned into a resource at different levels and in different arenas. An ethnographic case study conducted in the Sierra de Aracena Mountains (South West Spain) allows us to explore the link between housing and community resilience, helping us understand how the use and management of redundant housing can be a fundamental component of resilience in rural settings marked by depopulation.
Teachers’ daily practices with curriculum materials: Toward a transactional view of the curriculum system
Authors: Raymond Kate M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRecent research demonstrates that mathematics teachers rely on a variety of curriculum materials and must make meaning and synthesize these materials for use in a particular place with particular students. While there are multiple theories about the nature of this work and the factors which influence this work, the field continues to lack a theoretical basis with which to understand this multifaceted and complex work. This paper seeks to illuminate the process by which teachers come to make meaning from curriculum materials by the daily practices of one team of teachers. Findings supports a transactional view of curriculum in which students, teachers, curriculum materials, and contexts work with and on each other as curriculum emerges. Using this theory as a framework, multiple understandings of teachers’ work with curriculum can be synthesized as highlighting particular aspects of a larger curriculum system.
The feasibility of clinical evaluation for anterior uveitis through spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography in dogs
Authors: Jeong Youngseok , Kang Seonmi , Shim Jaeho , Lee Eunji , Jeong Dajeong , Park Sanghyun , Lee Songhui , Kim Su An , Seo Kangmoon 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical application of spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT) for anterior uveitis in dogs.Animals and proceduresClient‐owned dogs presenting with anterior uveitis and clinically healthy dogs were enrolled in this study. Included eyes were divided into 5 groups by flare grade and 3 groups by cell grade through slit‐lamp biomicroscopy. Each eye was examined using SD‐OCT following slit‐lamp biomicroscopy. The ratio of aqueous signal intensity to air signal intensity, which is called the aqueous‐to‐air relative intensity (ARI) index, was used to evaluate the flare grade. Cell number, central corneal thickness (CCT), and the presence of keratic precipitates (KPs) were analyzed on SD‐OCT. The OCT parameters, including ARI index, cell number, and CCT, were compared to the slit‐lamp clinical flare and cell grade.ResultsThirty‐six eyes with anterior uveitis and 27 healthy eyes were enrolled. The ARI index showed a significant correlation with clinical flare grade (rs = 0.811, p < .001). In multiple regression analysis, the ARI index and CCT showed a significant negative correlation (r = −0.258, p = .044). The number of cells on SD‐OCT significantly increased with cell grade on slit‐lamp biomicroscopy (rs = 0.653, p < .001). The clinical flare grade and CCT were significantly correlated in the partial correlation analysis after controlling for age (partial correlation coefficient = 0.471, p = .002). KPs were observed in 61% of the eyes with flare using SD‐OCT (22/36 eyes).ConclusionsSpectral‐domain optical coherence tomography could provide quantitative information, including the ARI index, cell counts, and CCT in dogs. SD‐OCT is an auxiliary modality for slit‐lamp biomicroscopy when evaluating anterior uveitis in dogs.
Functionally Graded Non-Periodic Cellular Structure Design and Optimization
Authors: Wang Jun , Huang Jida 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Topological tailoring of materials at a micro-scale can achieve a diverse range of exotic physical and mechanical properties that are not usually found in nature. Modification of material properties through customizing the structural pattern paves an avenue for novel functional products design. This paper explores a non-periodic microstructure design framework for functional parts design with high-strength and lightweight. To address the geometric frustration problem commonly found in non-periodic microstructure designing, we employ a smooth transition layer to connect distinct structural patterns and thus achieve functional gradation among adjacent microstructures. The concept of spatial control points is introduced for the interpolation of this transition layer. To achieve a high-strength macro-structural performance for designing functional parts, we formulate the control points as the design variables and encapsulate them into a macro-structural design optimization problem. Given that our objective function involves expensive finite element (FE) simulations, a Bayesian optimization scheme is exploited to address the computational challenge brought by the FE simulation. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed design framework can yield both functionally graded lightweight structures and high-strength macro-mechanical performance for the designing parts. The compatibility issue of non-periodic microstructure design is well-addressed. Comparative studies reveal that the proposed framework is robust and can achieve superior mechanical performance to design functional parts with spatially varying properties.
An Integrated Surrogate Modeling Method for Fusing Noisy and Noise-Free Data
Authors: Li Kunpeng , Wang Shuo , Liu Yin , Song Xueguan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Many datasets in engineering applications are heterogeneous mixtures of noise-free data, noisy data with known noise variances, and noisy data with unknown noise variances. This article proposes a data fusion method called the multi-type data fusion (MTDF) model, which fully utilizes the information provided by each of these types of data. To capture the underlying trend implied in the multiple types of data, the method approximately interpolates the noise-free data, while regressing the noisy data. The prediction accuracy of the MTDF model is compared with those of various surrogate models (interpolation models, regression models, and multi-fidelity models) on both numerical and practical engineering problems. In the experiments, the proposed MTDF model demonstrates higher performance than the other benchmark models. The effects of noise level and sample size of the noise-free data on the model performance are investigated, along with the robustness of the MTDF model. The results demonstrate the satisfactory feasibility, practicality, and stability of the MTDF.
Robust Topology Optimization of Graphene Platelets Reinforced Functionally Graded Materials Considering Hybrid Bounded Uncertainties
Authors: Cheng Jin , Lu Wei , Lou Yibin , Hu Weifei , Liu Zhenyu , Tan Jianrong 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
An efficient scheme for the robust topology optimization considering hybrid bounded uncertainties (RTOHBU) is proposed for the graphene platelets (GPLs) reinforced functionally graded materials (FGMs). By introducing the concept of the layer-wise FGMs, the properties of the GPLs reinforced FGMs are calculated based on the Halpin-Tsai micromechanics model. The practical boundedness of probabilistic variables is naturally ensured by utilizing a generalized Beta distribution in constructing the robust topology optimization model. To address the issue of lacking the information of critical loads in existing topology optimization approaches considering hybrid uncertainties, a gradient-attributed search is carried out at first based on the hypothesis of linear elasticity to determine the critical loads leading to the worst structural performance. Subsequently, the statistical characteristics of the objective structural performance under such critical loads are efficiently evaluated by integrating the univariate dimension reduction method and the Gauss–Laguerre quadrature, the accuracy of which is verified by the comparison analyses utilizing the results of Monte Carlo simulation as references. Furthermore, a novel realization vector set is constructed for the bounded probabilistic uncertainties to parallelize the sensitivity analysis and accelerate the optimization process. All the proposed innovations are integrated into the robust topology optimization scheme, the effectiveness and efficiency of which are verified by both numerical and realistic engineering examples.
Bubble Dynamics and Enhancement of Pool Boiling in Presence of an Idealized Porous Medium: A Numerical Study Using Lattice Boltzmann Method
Authors: Mondal Kaushik , Bhattacharya Anandaroop 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper reports a single-component two-dimensional pseudo-potential phase change model using lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) to investigate the enhancement of pool boiling heat transfer inside an array of solid pillars with square cross section. The entire saturated pool boiling curve for the flat surface comprising different nucleate boiling regimes from boiling incipience (BI) to critical heat flux (CHF), transition boiling regime between CHF to Leidenfrost point (LP) and the film boiling regime has been obtained numerically. The effect of the array of solid pillars with square cross section has been quantitatively evaluated and expressed in the form of its corresponding boiling curve. It is found that the boiling incipience in the presence of solid array occurs at a lower surface superheat compared with that of a plane surface. Further, the solid array effectively delays the onset of film boiling. Qualitative analysis of pool boiling phenomenon shows the bubble dynamics in such solid structure including bubble nucleation, coalescence, growth, entrapment, splitting, and escape to be very different compared with a flat surface. Based on the heat flux values and trends, the entire boiling curve could be classified into four distinct zones. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first instance where LBM could predict the entire pool boiling curve for a porous medium. Finally, two different pillar arrays of porosity 90% and 98% are studied to examine the effect of porosity. It is found that the sensitivity of the heat transfer rates to porosity is significant especially at higher values of surface superheat.
Effect of Series and Parallel Combination of Photovoltaic Thermal Collectors on the Performances of Integrated Active Solar Still
Authors: Tiwari G. N. , Meraj Md. , Khan M. E. , Dwevedi V. K. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this article, an analytical expression for hourly yield, electrical energy and overall exergy of self-sustained solar still integrated with series and parallel combination of photovoltaic thermal-compound parabolic concentrator (PVT-CPC) collectors have been derived. The analysis is based on the basic energy balance equation of the proposed active solar distillation system. Based on numerical computations, it has been observed that the yield is maximum for all self-sustained PVT-CPC collectors are connected in series (case (i)). Furthermore, the daily yield and exergy increase with the increase of water depth unlike passive solar still for all collectors connected in series. However, overall exergy decreases with an increase of water depth for all collectors connected in parallel (case (iv)). For numerical simulations, the total numbers of self-sustained PVT-CPC collectors has been considered as constant. Furthermore, an effect of series and parallel combination of PVT-CPC collectors on daily yield, electrical energy, and overall exergy has also been carried out. Following additional conclusions have also been drawn: (i) The daily yield of the proposed active solar still decreases with the increase of packing factor of semi-transparent photovoltaic (PV) module for a given water depth and electrical energy and overall exergy increase with water depth for case (i) as expected due to low operating temperature range at higher water depth in the basin. (ii) The daily yield, electrical energy, and overall exergy increase with the increase of water depth for all combination of series and parallel arrangement of PVT-CPC collectors for a packing factor of 0.22 as per our expectation.
Evaluation of Blast Simulation Methods for Modeling Blast Wave Interaction With Human Head
Authors: Sutar Sunil , Ganpule Shailesh 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBlast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI) research is crucial in asymmetric warfare. The finite element analysis is an attractive option to simulate the blast wave interaction with the head. The popular blast simulation methods are ConWep-based pure Lagrangian, Arbitrary–Lagrangian–Eulerian, and coupling method. This study examines the accuracy and efficiency of ConWep and coupling methods in predicting the biomechanical response of the head. The simplified cylindrical, spherical surrogates and biofidelic human head models are subjected to field-relevant blast loads using these methods. The reflected overpressures at the surface and pressures inside the brain from the head models are qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated against the available experiments. Both methods capture the overall trends of experiments. Our results suggest that the accuracy of the ConWep method is mainly governed by the radius of curvature of the surrogate head. For the relatively smaller radius of curvature, such as cylindrical or spherical head surrogate, ConWep does not accurately capture decay of reflected blast overpressures and brain pressures. For the larger radius of curvature, such as the biofidelic human head, the predictions from ConWep match reasonably well with the experiment. For all the head surrogates considered, the reflected overpressure-time histories predicted by the coupling method match reasonably well with the experiment. Coupling method uniquely captures the shadowing and union of shock waves governed by the geometry-driven flow dynamics around the head. Overall, these findings will assist the bTBI modeling community to judiciously select an objective-driven modeling methodology.