bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distress and the Long-Stay Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Admission: A Longitudinal Study of Parents and the Medical Team
Authors: Salant Jennifer A. , Gangopadhyay Maalobeeka , Jia Haomiao , Wocial Lucia D. , Edwards Jeffrey D. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractProlonged critical illness in children has emotional consequences for both parents and providers. In this observational cohort study, we longitudinally surveyed anxiety and depression in parents and moral distress in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) providers (attendings, fellows, and bedside registered nurses) and explored their trajectories and relationships. Anxiety/depression and provider moral distress were measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Moral Distress Thermometer, respectively. The relationships of parental and provider distress were evaluated using Spearman's correlations, and their trajectories and potentially associated variables were explored using quadratic random slope and intercept models. Predetermined associated factors included demographic and clinical factors, including parent psychosocial risk and intubation status. We found parental anxiety and depression decreased over their child's admission, and parental psychosocial risk was significantly associated with anxiety (coefficient = 4.43, p < 0.001). Clinicians in different roles had different mean levels and trajectories of moral distress, with fellows reporting greater distress early in admissions and nurses later in admissions. Parental anxiety/depression and provider distress were significantly, though moderately, correlated. We conclude that anxiety and depression in parents of children with prolonged PICU admissions and the moral distress of their clinicians correlate and vary over time and by provider role.
40.1.8 Product Subclass 8: Piperazines
Authors: Ye Z.-S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe piperazine unit is widely distributed in natural products and life-saving small-molecule pharmaceuticals. It is the third most common nitrogen heterocycle occurring in pharmaceuticals approved by the U. S. Food and Drug Administration. This chapter covers strategies for the synthesis and transformations of piperazines, with both classical methods and recent developments reviewed. A major focus is on cyclization reactions such as intramolecular hydroaminations, multicomponent approaches, and routes from ethane-1,2-diamine substrates. Also discussed are approaches based on hydrogenation of (hydro)pyrazines by heterogeneous catalysis and by (asymmetric) homogeneous catalysis. Finally, a variety of transformations involving modification of a substituent on a piperazine ring are surveyed, including arylations, alkylations, and oxidations.
48.3.3 Cyclobutanes (Update 2021)
Authors: Xiong Y. , Guo R. , Zhang G. Z. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis chapter is an update to the earlier Science of Synthesis contribution (Section 48.3), and describes methods for the formation of cyclobutanes reported in the period 2009–2019. The focus is on recent advances in the synthetic preparations and applications of cyclobutanes via transition-metal-catalyzed and photochemical processes.
APPsα rescues impaired Ca2+homeostasis in APP- and APLP2-deficient hippocampal neurons
Authors: Ludewig Susann , Herrmann Ulrike , Michaelsen-Preusse Kristin , Metzdorf Kristin , Just Jennifer , Bold Charlotte , Müller Ulrike C. , Korte Martin 
Published: June 2021

SignificanceCa2+dysfunction is correlated to the progression of Alzheimer’s disease; mechanistic insight into the physiological role of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) for Ca2+homeostasis is still missing. We demonstrate that loss of APP and its homolog APLP2, but not APLP2 alone, impairs Ca2+handling and synaptic plasticity because of altered function of endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+stores caused by altered expression and function of the SERCA-ATPase as well as by expression of store-operated Ca2+channel–associated proteins Stim1 and Stim2. Long-term expression of the APPsα ectodomain restored physiological Ca2+homeostasis, protein expression, and synaptic plasticity in APP/APLP2 cDKO cultures, emphasizing the role of the APP family and especially of the ectodomain APPsα in Ca2+homeostasis, thereby highlighting its therapeutic potential.
Evolved attitudes to risk and the demand for equity
Authors: Robson Arthur J. , Orr H. Allen 
Published: June 2021

Significance
An important puzzle in economics concerns the equity premium. Why does anyone hold bonds given the option of holding stocks? Stocks are riskier, but they do much better on average in the long run than bonds, thus generating the equity premium puzzle. Standard economic models of preferences have difficulty accounting for this anomaly on the basis of a level of risk aversion that is consistent with risk-taking behavior elsewhere. We show that considering the biological basis of preferences is fruitful here. Biological evolution predicts that individuals should be more averse to aggregate—shared—risks than they are to risks that are idiosyncratic—personal. Since the stock market involves aggregate risk, this helps to resolve the puzzle.
Moonshots, investment booms, and selection bias in the transmission of cultural traits
Authors: Hirshleifer David , Plotkin Joshua B. 
Published: June 2021

Significance
What drives innovation, risk taking, and investment booms? We study these phenomena using a model of decision making by firms that make biased observations of prior returns. We assume that firms are more likely to observe large successes than small successes or failures. As a result, firms tend to become overly optimistic, leading to irrational booms in investment. Booms may eventually collapse, or they may last forever. We describe the cultural evolutionary sources of these effects. Evolution of investment behavior is driven not only by copying successful strategies, but also by cognitive reasoning about which behaviors are more likely to succeed. This account provides an explanation for investment booms, merger and IPO waves, and waves of technological innovation.
Antitumor efficacy and reduced toxicity using an anti-CD137 Probody therapeutic
Authors: Etxeberria Iñaki , Bolaños Elixabet , Teijeira Alvaro , Garasa Saray , Yanguas Alba , Azpilikueta Arantza , Kavanaugh William M. , Vasiljeva Olga , Belvin Marcia , Howng Bruce , Irving Bryan , Tipton Kimberly , West James , Mei Li , Korman Alan J. , Sega Emanuela , Olivera Irene , Cirella Assunta , Ochoa Maria C. , Rodriguez Maria E. , Melero Ana , Sanmamed Miguel F. , Engelhardt John J. , Melero Ignacio 
Published: June 2021

Significance
CD137 (4-1BB) is a target for tumor immunotherapy, which has been pursued in clinical trials with agonist antibodies or the natural ligand (CD137L). Liver toxicity is a serious dose-limiting problem that may be circumvented by selective functional or physical targeting to the tumor microenvironment. A CD137 agonist antibody prodrug that is preferentially activated by tumor-associated proteases constitutes an appealing way to enhance safety while preserving efficacy.
Critical Assessment 40: A search for the eutectic system of high-temperature cast aluminium alloys
Authors: Czerwinski Frank 
Published: June 2021

A quest for the eutectic system of novel cast aluminium alloys, having high-temperature capabilities, is critically assessed with two potential candidates of Al–Al3Ni and Al–Al11Ce3 examined and compared to the presently used Al–Si base. The conventionally cast Al–Al3Ni and Al–Al11Ce3 eutectics do not exhibit the anticipated advantage over Al–Si in strengthening retention at temperatures up to 500°C. The promising differences between diffusivities of silicon, nickel, and especially cerium in aluminium, and eutectic melting temperatures, accompanied by high coarsening resistance of Al3Ni, Al11Ce3 phases and the eutectic hardness retention are inconsistent with observed similarities in the temperature-related strengthening-reduction of all three eutectics. These findings will help defining the criteria for development of the eutectic system, suitable for future heat-resistant aluminium alloys.
Finite-time singularity formation for an active scalar equation
Authors: Elgindi Tarek , Ibrahim Slim , Shen Shengyi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We introduce an active scalar equation with a similar structure to the 3D Euler equations. Through studying the behavior of scale-invariant solutions, we show that compactly supported Lipschitz solutions belonging to

C

∞

(

R

2

\

{

0

}

)

can become singular in finite time. The interesting feature here is that we can achieve this in the absence of spatial boundaries.
On the structure in the ΛN cross section at the ΣN threshold *
Authors: Haidenbauer Johann , Meißner Ulf-G. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The complexity of threshold phenomena is exemplified on a prominent and long-known case - the structure in the

cross section (invariant mass spectrum) at the opening of the

channel. The mass splitting between the

baryons together with the angular momentum coupling in the

-

partial wave imply that, in principle, up to six channels are involved. Utilizing hyperon-nucleon potentials that provide an excellent description of the available low-energy

and

scattering data, the shape of the resulting

cross section is discussed and the poles near the

threshold are determined. Evidence for a strangeness

dibaryon is provided, in the form of a (unstable)

bound state in the vicinity of the

threshold. Predictions for level shifts and widths of

atomic states are given.
Advanced high dynamic range fluorescence microscopy with Poisson noise modeling and integrated edge-preserving denoising
Authors: Brinkmann Eva-Maria , Brinker Klaus , Rüberg Silvia , Müller Werner 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In the last decades, fluorescence microscopy has evolved into a powerful tool for modern cell biology and immunology. However, while modern fluorescence microscopes allow to study processes at subcellular level, the informative content of the recorded images is frequently constrained by the limited dynamic range of the camera mounted to the optical system. In addition, the quality of acquired images is generally affected by the typically low-light conditions that lead to comparatively high levels of noise in the data. Addressing these issues, we introduce a variational method for high dynamic range (HDR) imaging in the context of fluorescence microscopy that explicitly accounts for the Poisson statistics of the unavoidable signal-dependent photon shot noise and complements HDR image reconstruction with edge-preserving denoising. Since the proposed model contains a weight function to confine the influence of under- and overexposed pixels on the result, we briefly discuss the choice of this function. We evaluate our approach by showing HDR results for real fluorescence microscopy exposure sequences acquired with the recently developed MACSimaTM System for fully automated cyclic immunofluorescence imaging. These results are obtained using a first-order primal-dual implementation. On top of this, we also provide the corresponding saddle-point and dual formulations of the problem.
Subareolar Tissue Biopsy Predicts Occult Nipple Involvement in Nipple-Sparing Mastectomies
Authors: Ma Lucy X , Michaels Aya Y , Ginter Paula S 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Subareolar tissue is examined during nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) to minimize the risk of occult malignancy within the preserved nipple. A positive subareolar tissue biopsy typically warrants subsequent nipple excision. We study the factors associated with a positive subareolar tissue biopsy, the rate of residual malignancy in subsequent nipple excisions, and the value of subareolar tissue biopsy intraoperative frozen section (IOF).

Methods
We identified 1,026 consecutive NSMs with separately submitted subareolar tissue biopsies over a 5.5-year period. Clinicopathologic data were reviewed. We examined concordance rates between subareolar tissue biopsy and subsequent nipple excisions as well as IOF diagnosis and permanent control diagnosis.

Results
Among cases of therapeutic NSM, the rate of a positive subareolar tissue biopsy was 7.2%. Multifocal/multicentric disease (P = .0005), presence of lymphovascular invasion (P = .033), and nodal involvement (P = .006) were significantly associated with a positive subareolar tissue biopsy. Thirty-nine of 41 cases with positive subareolar biopsies underwent subsequent nipple excision, with 20 (51%) showing residual carcinoma. Among all IOF samples, 9 (3.3%) showed a discrepancy between the IOF and permanent diagnoses, mostly because of false-negatives.

Conclusions
A positive subareolar tissue biopsy predicts residual carcinoma in the excised nipples in 51% of cases. IOF is accurate and reliable.
Linguistic positivity bias in academic writing: A large-scale diachronic study in life sciences across 50 years
Authors: Wen Ju , Lei Lei 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Recent studies found linguistic positivity bias in academic writing, that is, researchers tend to present their works with more positive words than negative ones. The present study aims to examine the issue from a diachronic perspective, and it is probably the first one that employed a mixed method of both a small lexicon analysis and sentiment analysis in this line of research. Specifically, a series of experiments were performed based on a corpus of 775,460 abstracts published between 1969 and 2019 in 123 scientific journals covering 12 research disciplines in life sciences. The results demonstrated a linguistic positivity bias in academic writing. More importantly, a significant upward trend of linguistic positivity bias was observed over the past 5 decades. Major communicative functions of positive and negative sentences are also analysed. Reasons for this linguistic positivity bias are explored from the perspectives of publication pressure/bias, employment of linguistic devices to promote research, and language use for political correctness purposes. Lastly, implications for authors and learners of academic writing and for researchers of sentiment analysis are also discussed.
NADPH is important for isobutanol tolerance in a minimal medium of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Yoshikawa Yuki , Nasuno Ryo , Takagi Hiroshi 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
We showed that the isobutanol sensitivity in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient cells of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was rescued by an alternative NADPH producer, acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, but not in the cells lacking 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. This phenotype correlated with the intracellular NADPH/NADP+ ratio in yeast strains. Our findings indicate the importance of NADPH for the isobutanol tolerance of yeast cells.
Lipidomic traits of plasma and cerebrospinal fluid in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis correlate with disease progression
Authors: Sol Joaquim , Jové Mariona , Povedano Monica , Sproviero William , Domínguez Raul , Piñol-Ripoll Gerard , Romero-Guevara Ricardo , Hye Abdul , Al-Chalabi Ammar , Torres Pascual , Andres-Benito Pol , Area-Gómez Estela , Pamplona Reinald , Ferrer Isidro , Ayala Victòria , Portero-Otín Manuel 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Since amyotrophic lateral sclerosis cases exhibit significant heterogeneity, we aim to investigate the association of lipid composition of plasma and CSF with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis diagnosis, its progression and clinical characteristics. Lipidome analyses would help to stratify patients on a molecular basis. For this reason, we have analysed the lipid composition of paired plasma and CSF samples from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis cases and age-matched non-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis individuals (controls) by comprehensive liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The concentrations of neurofilament light chain—an index of neuronal damage—were also quantified in CSF samples and plasma. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis versus control comparison, in a moderate stringency mode, showed that plasma from cases contains more differential lipids (n = 122 for raw P &lt; 0.05; n = 27 for P &lt; 0.01) than CSF (n = 17 for raw P &lt; 0.05; n = 4 for P &lt; 0.01), with almost no overlapping differential species, mainly characterized by an increased content of triacylglyceride species in plasma and decreased in CSF. Of note, false discovery rate correction indicated that one of the CSF lipids (monoacylglycerol 18:0) had high statistic robustness (false discovery rate-P &lt; 0.01). Plasma lipidomes also varied significantly with the main involvement at onset (bulbar, spinal or respiratory). Notably, faster progression cases showed particular lipidome fingerprints, featured by decreased triacylclycerides and specific phospholipids in plasma, with 11 lipids with false discovery rate-P &lt; 0.1 (n = 56 lipids in plasma for raw P &lt; 0.01). Lipid species associated with progression rate clustered in a relatively low number of metabolic pathways, mainly triacylglyceride metabolism and glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid biosynthesis. A specific triacylglyceride (68:12), correlated with neurofilament content (r = 0.8, P &lt; 0.008). Thus, the present findings suggest that systemic hypermetabolism—potentially sustained by increased triacylglyceride content—and CNS alterations of specific lipid pathways could be associated as modifiers of disease progression. Furthermore, these results confirm biochemical lipid heterogeneity in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with different presentations and progression, suggesting the use of specific lipid species as potential disease classifiers.
Ivermectin for the Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Roman Yuani M , Burela Paula Alejandra , Pasupuleti Vinay , Piscoya Alejandro , Vidal Jose E , Hernandez Adrian V 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
We systematically assessed benefits and harms of the use of ivermectin (IVM) in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Methods
Published and preprint randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effects of IVM on adult patients with COVID-19 were searched until 22 March 2021 in 5 engines. Primary outcomes were all-cause mortality rate, length of hospital stay (LOS), and adverse events (AEs). Secondary outcomes included viral clearance and severe AEs (SAEs). The risk of bias (RoB) was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool. Inverse variance random effect meta-analyses were performed, with quality of evidence (QoE) evaluated using GRADE methods.

Results
Ten RCTs (n = 1173) were included. The controls were the standard of care in 5 RCTs and placebo in 5. COVID-19 disease severity was mild in 8 RCTs, moderate in 1, and mild and moderate in 1. IVM did not reduce all-cause mortality rates compared with controls (relative risk [RR], 0.37 [95% confidence interval, .12–1.13]; very low QoE) or LOS compared with controls (mean difference, 0.72 days [95% confidence interval, −.86 to 2.29 days]; very low QoE). AEs, SAEs, and viral clearance were similar between IVM and control groups (low QoE for all outcomes). Subgroups by severity of COVID-19 or RoB were mostly consistent with main analyses; all-cause mortality rates in 3 RCTs at high RoB were reduced with IVM.

Conclusions
Compared with the standard of care or placebo, IVM did not reduce all-cause mortality, LOS, or viral clearance in RCTs in patients with mostly mild COVID-19. IVM did not have an effect on AEs or SAEs and is not a viable option to treat patients with COVID-19.
Topics Analysis of Reddit and Twitter Posts Discussing Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Distress From 2017 to 2019
Authors: Rohde Jacob A , Sibley Adams L , Noar Seth M 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundSocial media platforms are popular tools for people with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) to seek support. In the current study, we sought to examine and characterize IBD and distress discourse on public social media platforms. Our goal was to identify topics associated with these online discussions.MethodsWe collected public social media posts about IBD and distress from Reddit (N = 40 625) and Twitter (N = 40 306) published between September 2017 and August 2019. We created a term-based dictionary to characterize posts based on 8 different, nonmutually exclusive topics: (1) symptoms, (2) medication, (3) nutrition, (4) procedures, (5) marijuana, (6) stigma, (7) ostomy, and (8) intimacy. We used descriptive statistics to characterize the frequency and order the prevalence of the topics on the 2 platforms, and to assess topic co-occurrences among posts.ResultsMost Reddit (79%) and Twitter (56%) posts mentioned at least 1 IBD topic. The order of topic prevalence was the same for the 2 platforms. Symptoms was the most mentioned topic (Reddit: 57%, Twitter 36%), followed by medication (Reddit: 30%, Twitter 11%), and nutrition (Reddit: 27%, Twitter 9%). Intimacy was the least mentioned topic (Reddit: 2%, Twitter: &lt;1%). Topic co-occurrences varied by platform. Most Reddit posts (57%) mentioned at least 2 IBD topics, whereas only 27% of tweets mentioned multiple IBD topics.ConclusionsThis study contributes to a growing literature examining how IBD is discussed on social media—specifically, in distress-related contexts on Reddit and Twitter. These cross-platform findings highlight important areas potentially associated with IBD-related distress, which could help facilitate future support.
TIDB: a comprehensive database of trained immunity
Authors: Cao Yang , Dong Qingyang , Wang Dan , Liu Ying , Zhang Pengcheng , Yu Xiaobo , Niu Chao 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Trained immunity is a newly emerging concept that defines the ability of the innate immune system to form immune memory and provide long-lasting protection against previously encountered antigens. Accumulating evidence reveals that trained immunity not only has broad benefits to host defense but is also harmful to the host in chronic inflammatory diseases. However, all trained immunity-related information is scattered in the literature and thus is difficult to access. Here, we describe Trained Immunity DataBase (TIDB), a comprehensive database that provides well-studied trained immunity-related genes from human, rat and mouse as well as the related literature evidence. Moreover, TIDB also provides three modules to analyze the function of the trained-immunity-related genes of interest, including Reactome pathway over-representation analysis, Gene Ontology enrichment analysis and protein–protein interaction subnetwork reconstruction. We believe TIDB will help developing valuable strategies for vaccine design and immune-mediated disease therapy.
Database URL: http://www.ieom-tm.com/tidb