bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
British Workers and Ottoman Modernity in Nineteenth-Century Istanbul
Authors: Sefer Akın 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn the mid-nineteenth century, when the Ottoman state launched an industrialization campaign within the context of increasing contacts between the Ottoman and British governments, hundreds of British industrial workers migrated to Istanbul to work in Ottoman military factories, along with technology transfer from Britain. This article narrates the history of these workers and of the community they established in Istanbul in a period spanning four decades, from the beginning of the mechanization efforts in the 1830s until the economic crisis in the mid-1870s. Drawing on archival evidence from Ottoman and British sources, it analyzes the larger context of British workers’ migration from Britain, their relations with the Ottoman state officials and local workers, and their experiences and struggles in the workplace and the city. Although both British and Ottoman historians have largely ignored their experiences due to their marginal numbers and distinct statuses, these workers actively took part in the Ottoman industrialization process, in the development of capitalist class relations, and in the social, cultural, and spatial transformation of the capital city in the Ottoman age of reforms. By means of this analysis, the article aims to highlight the significance of immigrant workers as actors of the history of large-scale transformations in the late Ottoman Empire as well as underlining the role of trans-imperial labor migration in the history of modernity.
Voicing patterns in stops among heritage speakers of Western Armenian in Lebanon and the US
Authors: Kelly Niamh E. , Keshishian Lara 
Published: May 2021

AbstractResearch on Western Armenian (WA) has described it as having a contrast between voiceless aspirated stops and voiced stops (Fairbanks 1948; Vaux 1998; Baronian 2017). Since there is no monolingual community of WA, all speakers are part of a minority language community, and also speak the majority language. The current study examines speakers from two heritage communities of WA: one in Lebanon, where the majority language is Arabic, and one in the US, where the majority language is English. The speakers in Lebanon were found to have a contrast between voiced and voiceless unaspirated stops, in line with Lebanese Arabic. The speakers in the US were more variable, some having the English pattern of voiceless unaspirated and voiceless aspirated stops, while others had voiceless aspirated stops, but their voiced stops were variable between voiced and voiceless unaspirated. These results indicate L2 transfer in both communities, leading to two different patterns of voicing in WA.
Drilling predation on Antarctic tusk shells: first records on Recent scaphopods from the Southern Hemisphere
Authors: Gordillo Sandra , Malvé Mariano E. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDrillholes on shells are one of the few predation marks preserved in fossil molluscs, providing an opportunity to study and quantify predator-prey interactions in the palaeontological record. Among these, reports of drilling predation on scaphopods are rare, and such information from Antarctica is non-existent. We describe the finding of drillholes on scaphopods recovered from Recent mollusc assemblages between depths of 246.5 and 454.0 m in West Antarctica. The predation traces located in the middle sectors of two preyed shells belonging to Siphonodentalium dalli and Dentalium majorinum are identified as Oichnus and are interpreted as produced by naticids, probably Pseudamauropsis aureolutea. These new records constitute the first reports of drilling predation on scaphopods in Antarctica and also for Recent scaphopods of the Southern Hemisphere.
A STORY OF AWE AND CLAY: MOLD-MADE HIEROGLYPHS FROM ALTA VERAPAZ, GUATEMALA
Authors: Sears Erin L. , Grube Nikolai , Garay Alejandro , Woodfill Brent K. S. , Rivas Alexander E. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe recent discovery of an ancient Late Classic ceramic production facility in a valley floor, east of the current capital of Cobán in Guatemala, reveals a new ceramic form and provides data concerning regional chronology. Among the remains are thin, mold-made fragments identified as ceramic plaques that have epigraphic information providing a Long Count date for the first time in the Alta Verapaz region. These data correlate with the preliminary ceramic sequences and assist with understanding political-economic interactions that occurred at a time of societal collapse within the southern lowland region.
Prenatal diagnosis of double outlet right ventricle with intact ventricular septum in two foetuses
Authors: Karmegaraj Balaganesh , Srimurugan Balaji , Vaidyanathan Balu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe describe two cases of an unusual variant of double outlet right ventricle with intact ventricular septum diagnosed prenatally and confirmed by foetal autopsy in a case. The first case had mitral valve atresia, slit-like left ventricle, and normally related great arteries. The second case had mitral valve atresia, hypoplastic left ventricle, parallel outflows with an interrupted aortic arch.
Effectiveness of the unified protocol for treating co-morbid health anxiety and depression: an empirical case study
Authors: Gaskell Chris , Hague Ben , Kellett Stephen 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Aims:
The unified protocol (UP) is indicated when patients present with co-morbidity, but no studies have previously investigated the effectiveness of the UP with co-morbid health anxiety and depression.

Method:
An A/B single case design evaluated outcomes for a 27-year-old male presenting with health anxiety and co-morbid depression. Following a 21-day assessment-baseline period containing three sessions, the manualised UP was delivered across a 42-day period containing seven intervention sessions. Four idiographic measures (occurrence and duration of health checking, sleep duration and food intake satisfaction) were collected daily throughout, and two nomothetic measures were collected at four time points.

Results:
All sessions were attended. Number of health checking episodes reduced from four per day to two per day. A 59 minute per day reduction in time spent health checking occurred, and sleep increased by 100 minutes per night. There was little apparent change in terms of food intake satisfaction. There was a reliable and clinically significant reduction in depression.

Discussion:
Further testing of the effectiveness of the UP with co-morbid health anxiety and depression in true single case experimental designs is now indicated.
Swedish Normative Data for Mindmore: A Comprehensive Cognitive Screening Battery, Both Digital and Self-Administrated
Authors: van den Hurk Wobbie , Bergman Ingvar , Machado Alejandra , Bjermo Jonas , Gustavsson Anders 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjective:Cognitive impairment is a key element in most mental disorders. Its objective assessment at initial patient contact in primary care can lead to better adjusted and timely care with personalised treatment and recovery. To enable this, we designed the Mindmore self-administrative cognitive screening battery. What is presented here is normative data for the Mindmore battery for the Swedish population.Method:A total of 720 healthy adults (17 to 93 years) completed the Mindmore screening battery, which consists of 14 individual tests across five cognitive domains: attention and processing speed, memory, language, visuospatial functions and executive functions. Regression-based normative data were established for 42 test result measures, investigating linear, non-linear and interaction effects between age, education and sex.Results:The test results were most affected by age and to a lesser extent by education and sex. All but one test displayed either linear or accelerated age-related decline, or a U-shaped association with age. All but two tests showed beneficial effects of education, either linear or subsiding after 12 years of educational attainment. Sex affected tests in the memory and executive domains. In three tests, an interaction between age and education revealed an increased benefit of education later in life.Conclusion:This study provides normative models for 14 traditional cognitive tests adapted for self-administration through a digital platform. The models will enable more accurate interpretation of test results, hopefully leading to improved clinical decision making and better care for patients with cognitive impairment.
Passionate Speech: On the Uses and Abuses of Anger in Public Debate
Authors: Tanesini Alessandra 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAnger dominates debates in the public sphere. In this article I argue that there are diverse forms of anger that merit different responses. My focus is especially on two types of anger that I label respectively arrogant and resistant. The first is the characteristic defensive response of those who unwarrantedly arrogate special privileges for themselves. The second is often a source of insight and a form of moral address. I detail some discursive manifestations of these two types of anger. I show that arrogant anger is responsible for attempts to intimidate and humiliate others with whom one disagrees. Whilst resistant anger can be intimidating, it is also essential in communicating moral demands.
The Predicament of Patients
Authors: Kidd Ian James , Carel Havi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this paper we propose that our understanding of pathocentric epistemic injustices can be enriched if they are theorised in terms of predicaments. These are the wider socially scaffolded structures of epistemic challenges, dangers, needs, and threats experienced by ill persons due to their particular emplacement within material, social, and epistemic structures. In previous work we have described certain aspects of these predicaments, such as pathocentric epistemic injustices and pathophobia. A wider systematic perspective is needed to integrate these and other concepts. By thinking predicamentally, we can better understand the interrelated social, epistemic, and practical obstacles experienced by ill persons and connect the many concepts available for theorising them (microaggessions, epistemic injustices, and so on).
How Good Are We At Evaluating Communicated Information?
Authors: Mercier Hugo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAre we gullible? Can we be easily influenced by what others tell us, even if they do not deserve our trust? Many strands of research, from social psychology to cultural evolution suggest that humans are by nature conformist and eager to follow prestigious leaders. By contrast, an evolutionary perspective suggests that humans should be vigilant towards communicated information, so as not to be misled too often. Work in experimental psychology shows that humans are equipped with sophisticated mechanisms that allow them to carefully evaluate communicated information. These open vigilance mechanisms lead us to reject messages that clash with our prior beliefs, unless the source of the message has earned our trust, or provides good arguments, in which case we can adaptively change our minds. These mechanisms make us largely immune to mass persuasion, explaining why propaganda, political campaigns, advertising, and other attempts at persuading large groups nearly always fall in deaf ears. However, some false beliefs manage to spread through communication. I argue that most popular false beliefs are held reflectively, which means that they have little effect on our thoughts and behaviors, and that many false beliefs can be socially beneficial. Accepting such beliefs thus reflects a much weaker failure in our evaluation of communicated information than might at first appear.
What is a Question
Authors: Watson Lani 
Published: May 2021

AbstractQuestions are, in many respects, the hallmarks of the philosopher's trade. They are passed down from one generation to the next and yet, throughout history, philosophers have had relatively little to say about questions. In particular, few have asked or tried to answer the question ‘what is a question'. I call this the ‘Question Question’ and I offer an answer to it in this paper, furnishing philosophical analysis with the results of a large online survey, which has been running for more than a decade.
Rape Myths: What are They and What can We do About Them?
Authors: Jenkins Katharine 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this paper, I aim to shed some light on what rape myths are and what we can do about them. I start by giving a brief overview of some common rape myths. I then use two philosophical tools to offer a perspective on rape myths. First, I show that we can usefully see rape myths as an example of what Miranda Fricker has termed ‘epistemic injustice’, which is a type of wrong that concerns our role as knowers. Then, I show that it is important to recognise that rape myths are instances of misogyny. This word is of course a more familiar one, but I'll be drawing on a specific philosophical account of what misogyny is, developed by Kate Manne, that I think is useful here. Finally, I briefly consider some upshots of these claims.
Multi-band planar diplexers with sub-sets of frequency-contiguous transmission bands
Authors: Gómez-García Roberto , Yang Li , Muñoz-Ferreras José-María , Psychogiou Dimitra 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA class of multi-band planar diplexer with sub-sets of frequency-contiguous transmission bands is reported. Such a radio frequency (RF) device is suitable for lightweight high-frequency receivers aimed at multi-band/multi-purpose mobile satellite communications systems. It consists of two channelizing filters, each of them being made up of the in-series cascade connection of replicas of a constituent multi-passband/multi-embedded-stopband filtering stage. This building filtering stage defines a multi-passband transfer function for each channel, in which each main transmission band is split into various sub-passbands by the multi-stopband part. In this manner, each split passband gives rise to several sub-passbands that are imbricated with their counterpart ones of the other channel. The theoretical RF operational principles of the proposed multi-band diplexer approach with sub-sets of imbricated passbands are detailed by means of a coupling–routing–diagram formalism. Besides, the generation of additional transmission zeros in each channelizing filter for higher-selectivity realizations by exploiting cross-coupling techniques into it is also detailed. Furthermore, for experimental demonstration purposes, a microstrip proof-of-concept prototype of second-order octo-band diplexer in the frequency range of 1.5–2.5 GHz that consists of two quad-band channelizing filters with pairs of imbricated passbands is developed and characterized.
Changes in the Semantic Construction of Compassion after the Cognitively-Based Compassion Training (CBCT®) in Women Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: González-Hernández Edgar , Campos Daniel , Diego-Pedro Rebeca , Romero Rocío , Baños Rosa , Negi Lobsang Tenzin , Cebolla Ausias J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe growing body of research on compassion has demonstrated its benefits for healthcare and wellbeing. However, there is no clear agreement about a definition for compassion, given the novelty of the research on this construct and its religious roots. The aim of this study is to analyze the mental semantic construction of compassion in Spanish-speaking women breast cancer survivors, and the effects of the Cognitively-Based Compassion Training (CBCT®) on the modification of this definition, compared to treatment-as-usual (TAU), at baseline, post-intervention, and six-month follow-up. Participants were 56 women breast cancer survivors from a randomized clinical trial. The Osgood’s Semantic Differential categories (evaluative, potency, and activity scales) were adapted to assess the semantic construction of compassion. At baseline, participants had an undefined idea about compassion. The CBCT influenced subjects’ semantic construction of what it means to be compassionate. Findings could lead to future investigations and compassion programs that adapt to a specific culture or population.
Young Women on the MoveBritain circa 1880–1950
Authors: Pooley Colin G. , Pooley Marilyn E. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTravel is an essential part of everyday life for most people, and it inevitably brings inconvenience at times, but women have often experienced particular and distinctive constraints and harassments while traveling that may inhibit or reduce their mobility. However, we know relatively little in detail about how, why, and how much women traveled in the past. This article provides new evidence about female mobility in nineteenth- and twentieth-century Britain by analyzing the daily movements that were recorded in the personal diaries of nine young women. The diary entries show that all the women traveled frequently both alone and with others, used a variety of transport technologies that were available at the time, and rarely recorded incidents that caused them concern or alarm. Mobility was not only essential for carrying out everyday activities but it was also central to the development of friendships and, especially, courting. Both social class and location did have some influence on the ways in which the young women traveled, on their freedom to travel alone, and on the inconveniences they faced. However, overall, the similarities between the experiences of the nine diarists were much greater than the differences. Although it is not possible to generalize widely from just nine accounts, these diaries do provide new insights into female mobility in the past.
Omega Band Magnetospheric Source Location: A Statistical Model‐Based Study
Authors: Andreeva V. A. , Apatenkov S. V. , Gordeev E. I. , Partamies N. , Kauristie K. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAuroral omega bands have been observed since the 1960s and their ionospheric electrodynamic properties are well established. At the same time magnetospheric source is poorly investigated leaving a room for few competing hypotheses on how the omega band forms. Here we present the statistical study of the projections of about 400 omega bands from the ionosphere to magnetosphere to investigate the location and properties of a possible omega source region in the magnetosphere. We used the Magnetometers—Ionospheric Radars—All‐sky Cameras Large Experiment all‐sky images on the list of individual omega structures (Partamies et al., 2017, http://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-35-1069-2017) which were observed in the Fennoscandian Lapland in the period of 1997–2007, and a new empirical magnetic field model (Tsyganenko & Andreeva, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016ja023217) to identify the magnetospheric equatorial projection of the observed omegas. We found that 90% of the auroral omega structures map to the radial distances of 6–14 RE from the Earth, coinciding with the bursty bulk flow braking region. An average magnetic field configuration in the vicinity of magnetospheric omega projections corresponds approximately to the transition region between tail‐ and dipole‐like magnetic configuration. Velocity estimates for omega projections reveal the dawnward as well as the radial propagation in the magnetosphere with a typical speed of up to few tens of km/s. It is shown that the source of omega structures propagates earthward in most of the events.
Climate‐Change Controls on River Delta Avulsion Location and Frequency
Authors: Chadwick A. J. , Lamb M. P. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCoastal rivers that build deltas undergo repeated avulsion events—that is, abrupt changes in river course—which we need to understand to predict land building and flood hazards in coastal landscapes. Climate change can impact water discharge, flood frequency, sediment supply, and sea level, all of which could impact avulsion location and frequency. Here we present results from quasi‐2D morphodynamic simulations of repeated delta‐lobe construction and avulsion to explore how avulsion location and frequency are affected by changes in relative sea level, sediment supply, and flood regime. Model results indicate that relative sea‐level rise drives more frequent avulsions that occur at a distance from the shoreline set by backwater hydrodynamics. Reducing the sediment supply relative to transport capacity has little impact on deltaic avulsions, because, despite incision in the upstream trunk channel, deltas can still aggrade as a result of progradation. However, increasing the sediment supply relative to transport capacity can shift avulsions upstream of the backwater zone because aggradation in the trunk channel outpaces progradation‐induced delta aggradation. Increasing frequency of overbank floods causes less frequent avulsions because floods scour the riverbed within the backwater zone, slowing net aggradation rates. Results provide a framework to assess upstream and downstream controls on avulsion patterns over glacial‐interglacial cycles, and the impact of land use and anthropogenic climate change on deltas.
Geometry and Kinematics of Bivergent Extension in the Southern Cycladic Archipelago: Constraining an Extensional Hinge Zone on Sikinos Island, Aegean Sea, Greece
Authors: Ring Uwe , Glodny Johannes 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe report the results of a field study on Sikinos Island in the Aegean extensional province of Greece and propose a hinge zone controlling incipient bivergent extension in the southern Cyclades. A first deformation event led to top‐S thrusting of the Cycladic Blueschist Unit (CBU) onto the Cycladic basement in the Oligocene. The mean kinematic vorticity number (Wm) during this event is between 0.56 and 0.63 in the CBU, and 0.72 to 0.84 in the basement, indicating general‐shear deformation with about equal components of pure and simple shear. The strain geometry was close to plane strain. Subsequent lower‐greenschist‐facies extensional shearing was also by general‐shear deformation; however, the pure‐shear component was distinctly greater (Wm = 0.3–0.41). The degree of subvertical pure‐shear flattening increases structurally upward and explains alternating top‐N and top‐S shear senses over large parts of the island. Along with an increased coaxial deformation component, the strain geometry became oblate. Published quantitative data from nearby Ios Island are similar and both data sets define an extensional hinge zone between top‐N extensional deformation across large parts of the central and northern Cyclades and top‐S extensional deformation at the southern and western fringe of the archipelago. This extensional hinge zone is an important large‐scale structure forming early in the history of lithospheric extension due to southward retreat of the Hellenic slab.