bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The link between executive function, socio‐emotional functioning and health‐related quality of life in children and adolescents with mild to moderate chronic kidney disease
Authors: Alhamed Arwa A. , Toly Valerie B. , Hooper Stephen R. , Dell Katherine M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundChildren and adolescents with mild to moderate chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at high risk for mild but persistent impairment in executive functions, which have been associated with low health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) among children and adolescents with chronic health conditions. However, no similar link has been established among children and adolescents with mild to moderate CKD. Given the essential role executive functions play in the development of adequate cognitive, emotional and social skills, it is essential to gain a clearer understating of the magnitude and attributes of executive functions and its link to HRQOL in order to inform appropriate medical and educational interventions for this patient population.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to examine the relationship between executive functions, socio‐emotional functioning and HRQOL in children and adolescents with mild to moderate CKD.MethodsA cross‐sectional design was used for this secondary data analysis of 199 children and adolescents (ages 6–17) with mild to moderate CKD from the United States and Canada who receive care at hospitals associated with the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children Study (CKiD).ResultsThe presence of impairment in executive functions and socio‐emotional functioning (internalizing problems) significantly predicted lower HRQOL after controlling for key covariates (i.e., maternal education, anaemia and hypertension). Further, internalizing problems partially mediated the relationship between executive functions and HRQOL such that impairment in executive functions predicted lower HRQOL directly and indirectly by contributing to higher internalizing problems, which further contributed to low HRQOL.ConclusionThis study underscores the importance of executive functions and socio‐emotional functioning in the manifestation of HRQOL. Given that HRQOL is potentially compromised for many children and adolescents with mild to moderate CKD, it will be important for both clinicians and researchers to examine a range of factors, including executive functions and socio‐emotional functioning, in order to optimize HRQOL.
Estimating the effects of sports and physical exercise on bullying
Authors: Nikolaou Dimitrios , Crispin Laura M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUsing three nationally representative high school samples, we estimate the effect of physical activity in general, and sports specifically, on in‐school student victimization (i.e., bullying), overall and by gender. Due to non‐random selection, we instrument physical activity in a two‐stage model using state‐level sports participation rates and physical education requirements. We find that physical exercise may decrease, if not prevent, victimization, though competitive sports increase the likelihood of bullying for those on the margin, especially for male students. These results are relevant for administrators and policymakers, who can increase access to physical activities while simultaneously increasing oversight on and off‐the‐field.
Private communication and management forecasts: Evidence from corporate site visits
Authors: Chen Xiaoqi , Cheng C. S. Agnes , Xie Jing , Yang Haoyi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractResearch Question/IssueThis paper investigates whether the communication between managers and corporate site visitors facilitates managerial learning in improving management forecast accuracy.Research Findings/InsightsUsing corporate site visit (CSV) data from 2009 to 2016, we find that the frequency of corporate site visits is positively related to management forecast accuracy. The positive relationship between corporate site visits and forecast accuracy is stronger when visitors have greater expertise and advanced industry knowledge and when firms are visited during a period of high business uncertainty and are subject to high sensitivity to industry shocks. These findings are consistent with the managerial learning hypothesis. Our results are robust to endogeneity concerns and alternative CSV measures.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsPrevious literature on voluntary disclosure assumes that managers are endowed with a private set of information and decide how much of that to reveal. In this paper, we find that corporate site visits serve as a communication channel through which managers learn from investors. Overall, we provide evidence that private communication is a two‐way channel through which visitors learn useful information from managers and vice versa.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsWe provide evidence that the private information acquisition process is also a channel of information sharing that increases management forecast accuracy. Our results could be useful to policymakers who may care about the information acquisition cost of investors when evaluating the benefit of corporate site visits.
Where do the billfish go? Using recreational catch data to relate local and basin scale environmental conditions to billfish occurrence in the Eastern Tropical Pacific
Authors: Haulsee Danielle E. , Blondin Hannah E. , Logan Ryan K. , Crowder Larry B. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRecreational fisheries in the Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP) have increased in popularity since the 1970s, contributing to the eco‐tourism industries of many Central American economies. However, pelagic gamefish face several direct and indirect threats which can affect population health and sustainability. We use daily catch logs from three recreational fishing lodges in Guatemala, Costa Rica, and Panama as records of change in blue marlin (Makaira nigricans) and sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus) sightings per unit effort (SPUE) between 2010 and 2019. Using cross‐correlational analysis, we compared billfish SPUE to the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Index and local oceanographic conditions (sea surface temperature [SST] and chlorophyll [chl a]) to understand how billfish availability to recreational fishers is related to environmental conditions at different time lags. Blue marlin occurrence was negatively correlated with the ENSO at time lags of 9–22 months in Guatemala and Costa Rica, while sailfish occurrence was positively correlated with ENSO at time lags of 5–10 months in all three regions. Cross‐correlations with local SST were similar to ENSO patterns; however, results were unclear and nonsignificant for local chl a. By comparing recreational fisher SPUE to reported catch per unit effort (CPUE) of these two species by the international longline and purse seine fisheries, we show possible offshore movement of fish stocks during the 2016 warming event. Recreational fishing records provide an alternative way to monitor the occurrence of targeted fish species. By determining correlations of these species to environmental conditions, we begin to distinguish the effects of natural variability in the environment, from direct anthropogenic impacts.
Effectiveness of the Questionnaire for Medical Checkup of Old‐Old (QMCOO) to diagnose frailty in community‐dwelling older adults
Authors: Yakabe Mitsutaka , Shibasaki Koji , Hosoi Tatsuya , Matsumoto Shoya , Hoshi Kazuhiro , Akishita Masahiro , Ogawa Sumito 
Published: December 2021

AimAlthough frailty could be reversible by early diagnosis and interventions, it lacks definite diagnostic criteria. The Kihon Checklist is a 25‐item questionnaire that diagnoses frailty with a cutoff score of 7/8. The Questionnaire for Medical Checkup of Old‐Old (QMCOO) was recently established and used for medical checkups among Japanese older adults, but no method or cutoff score for diagnosing frailty has been established. Thus, we aimed to diagnose frailty using the QMCOO and to determine its cutoff score by comparing it with that of the Kihon Checklist.MethodsWe recruited 223 older adults in Yasugi City and Yonago City to answer all the questions in the Kihon Checklist and the QMCOO at the same time. Those scoring ≥8 for the Kihon Checklist (n = 38) were diagnosed as frail. We also determined the cutoff score for frailty for the QMCOO and examined which questionnaire items affected the frailty status.ResultsThe QMCOO and the Kihon Checklist score showed a significant positive correlation (r = 0.670, P < 0.001). The area under the curve was 0.851. A cutoff score of 3/4 for the QMCOO represented the best results (sensitivity, 76.3%; specificity, 88.1%; and accuracy, 86.1%). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that subjective health status, body weight loss, slowness, and forgetfulness still affected the frailty status.ConclusionsA cutoff score of 3/4 for the QMCOO might be effective in diagnosing frailty. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 127–131.
EFL learners’ confidence, attitudes, and practice towards learning pronunciation
Authors: Almusharraf Asma 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAlthough pronunciation is part of the curriculum in many EFL education programs, it is often neglected in instruction. The study's rationale was to fill the literature gap and explore Saudi EFL learners’ confidence, attitudes, and practice towards learning pronunciation. To this end, the study recruited a convenience sample of 336 Saudi EFL learners majoring in English at a university in Saudi Arabia. Statistical analyses were conducted to determine: (i) learners’ pronunciation confidence level; (ii) whether enrollment in phonetic courses, travel to English‐speaking countries, and attitudes towards pronunciation affected learners’ confidence in their pronunciation; and (iii) learners’ reported pronunciation attitudes and practices. It was found that learners in this study have higher than neutral confidence in their pronunciation and hold a highly positive attitude towards English native‐like pronunciation. Interestingly, this study showed no statistically significant difference between those who had taken a phonetic(s) course and those who had not in terms of their confidence in their pronunciation. Therefore, this study urges instructors be aware of their learners’ needs in pronunciation, present appropriate materials, and further opportunities to practice various strategies.
Digital technology and its effects on knowledge improvement for diabetes management: An integrative review
Authors: Moreira Tatiana Rebouças , Negreiros Francisca Diana da Silva , Aquino Maria de Jesus Nascimento de , Silva Lucilane Maria Sales da , Moreira Thereza Maria Magalhães , Torres Raimundo Augusto Martins 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effectiveness of educational digital technology in improving patients' and health professionals' knowledge about diabetes management.BackgroundThe use of digital technologies has been expanding in recent years in several areas of healthcare and education.DesignIntegrative literature review.Data sourcesThe following databases were searched: PubMed, Lilacs, BDENF, Web of Science and SciELO (1 January 2016 and 31 December 2020).Review MethodsTitles and abstracts were screened and selected by independent reviewers based on eligibility criteria. A consensus was drawn on which articles should be included. Data were extracted using an instrument created by the authors, and the synthesis of knowledge was made by compiling the results in a table and identifying thematic axes.ResultsSeventy‐one articles were retrieved, and after the final analysis, a total of 11 were included. Most studies have pointed out benefits from the use of digital technologies in diabetes education, with two thematic categories emerging: ‘Digital technologies in the education of patients with diabetes’ and ‘Digital technologies in continuing professional education in diabetes’.ConclusionThe use of digital technologies is beneficial and effective both for continuing professional education and educating patients about diabetes management.
Outcomes of bacillus Calmette–Guérin therapy without a maintenance schedule for high‐risk non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer in the second transurethral resection era
Authors: Kikuchi Hiroshi , Abe Takashige , Matsumoto Ryuji , Osawa Takahiro , Maruyama Satoru , Murai Sachiyo , Shinohara Nobuo 
Published: December 2021

ObjectivesWe examined the outcomes of eight weekly bacillus Calmette–Guérin induction therapy after second transurethral resection, and investigated risk factors for intravesical recurrence or disease progression in high‐risk non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer patients.MethodsThis retrospective study included 146 high‐risk non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer patients who received eight weekly bacillus Calmette–Guérin instillations without a maintenance schedule between 2000 and 2019. Intravesical recurrence‐free and progression‐free survival rates were evaluated using the Kaplan–Meier method. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify risk factors.ResultsPathological T staging in the first transurethral resection was pTa in 56 patients (38.4%), pT1 in 75 (51.4%) and primary carcinoma in situ in 15 (10.2%). A total of 109 (83.2%) with pTa–1 disease underwent second transurethral resection before bacillus Calmette–Guérin induction therapy, and residual disease was detected in 54 (49.5%). The completion rate of eight instillations was 82.2%. The 2‐ and 5‐year intravesical recurrence‐free survival rates were 80.7% and 75.2%, whereas the 2‐ and 5‐year progression‐free survival rates were 85.7% and 82.0%. Recurrent tumors (hazard ratio 6.5830, P = 0.0007) and residual tumors at the second transurethral resection (hazard ratio 4.0337, P = 0.0021) were risk factors for intravesical recurrence. Multiple tumors (hazard ratio 5.8056, P = 0.0302), pT1 disease (hazard ratio 3.7351, P = 0.0447) and residual tumors at second transurethral resection (hazard ratio 3.2552, P = 0.0448) were associated with disease progression.ConclusionsAccurate disease staging and disease elimination by second transurethral resection followed by eight weekly bacillus Calmette–Guérin instillations achieved good disease control. Our protocol (without a maintenance schedule) after thorough surgical resection has potential as a treatment option in the current bacillus Calmette–Guérin shortage.
‘Are they really allowed to treat me like that?’ – A qualitative study to explore the nature of formal patient complaints about mental healthcare services in Sweden
Authors: Sundler Annelie J. , Råberus Anna , Carlsson Gunilla , Nilsson Christina , Darcy Laura 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTThe improvement of mental healthcare services requires patients’ experiences to identify problems and possible deficits in care. In this study, we explored the nature and meaning of formal patient complaints about mental healthcare services in one region of Sweden using a descriptive design with a qualitative approach. A systematic random sample of 106 formal patient complaints about mental healthcare services in 1 Swedish county was selected and analysed thematically, based on descriptive phenomenology. Themes identified were: lack of access to mental healthcare services and specialist treatment, problems related to unmet needs and difficulties with healthcare staff, insufficient care and treatment and lack of continuity in care, and experiences of not been taken seriously or feeling abused by staff. The vulnerability of patients already in the system is a greater issue than realized. The human right to health and the healthcare of patients with mental ill health can be strengthened by increased access to care, listening to patients properly, and delivering continuity in care.
Novel and extendable genotyping system for human respiratory syncytial virus based on whole‐genome sequence analysis
Authors: Chen Jiani , Qiu Xueting , Avadhanula Vasanthi , Shepard Samuel S. , Kim Do‐Kyun , Hixson James , Piedra Pedro A. , Bahl Justin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundHuman respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the leading causes of respiratory infections, especially in infants and young children. Previous RSV sequencing studies have primarily focused on partial sequencing of G gene (200–300 nucleotides) for genotype characterization or diagnostics. However, the genotype assignment with G gene has not recapitulated the phylogenetic signal of other genes, and there is no consensus on RSV genotype definition.MethodsWe conducted maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis with 10 RSV individual genes and whole‐genome sequence (WGS) that are published in GenBank. RSV genotypes were determined by using phylogenetic analysis and pair‐wise node distances.ResultsIn this study, we first statistically examined the phylogenetic incongruence, rate variation for each RSV gene sequence and WGS. We then proposed a new RSV genotyping system based on a comparative analysis of WGS and the temporal distribution of strains. We also provide an RSV classification tool to perform RSV genotype assignment and a publicly accessible up‐to‐date instance of Nextstrain where the phylogenetic relationship of all genotypes can be explored.ConclusionsThis revised RSV genotyping system will provide important information for disease surveillance, epidemiology, and vaccine development.
Antifungal action of the combination of ferulic acid and ultraviolet-A irradiation against Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Shirai Akihiro , Kunimi Haruka , Tsuchiya Koichiro 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Aims
To examine the antifungal action of photocombination treatment with ferulic acid (FA) and ultraviolet-A (UV-A) light (wavelength, 365 nm) by investigating associated changes in cellular functions of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Methods and Results
When pre-incubation of yeast cells with FA was extended from 0.5 to 10 min, its photofungicidal activity increased. Flow cytometry analysis of stained live and dead cells revealed that 10-min UV-A exposure combined with FA (1 mg ml−1) induced a ~99.9% decrease in cell viability although maintaining cell membrane integrity when compared with pre-exposure samples. When morphological and biochemical analysis were performed, treated cells exhibited an intact cell surface and oxidative DNA damage similar to control cells. Photocombination treatment induced cellular proteins oxidation, as shown by 2.3-fold increasing in immunostaining levels of ~49-kDa carbonylated proteins compared with pre-irradiation samples. Pyruvate kinase 1 (PK1) was identified by proteomics analysis as a candidate protein whose levels was affected by photocombination treatment. Moreover, intracellular ATP levels decreased following FA treatment both in darkness and with UV-A irradiation, thus suggesting a possible FA-induced delay in cell growth.

Conclusions
FA functions within the cytoplasmic membrane; addition of UV-A exposure induces increased oxidative modifications of cytosolic proteins such as PK1, which functions in ATP generation, without causing detectable genotoxicity, thus triggering inactivation of yeast cells.

Significance and Impact of the Study
Microbial contamination is a serious problem that diminishes the quality of fruits and vegetables. Combining light exposure with food-grade phenolic acids such as FA is a promising disinfection technology for applications in agriculture and food processing. However, the mode of photofungicidal action of FA with UV-A light remains unclear. This study is the first to elucidate the mechanism using S. cerevisiae. Moreover, proteomics analyses identified a specific cytosolic protein, PK1, which is oxidatively modified by photocombination treatment.
Accruals earnings management proxies: Prudent business decisions or earnings manipulation?
Authors: Christensen Theodore E. , Huffman Adrienna , Lewis‐Western Melissa F. , Scott Rachel 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOver the last 5 years, the top accounting journals have published 388 articles that incorporate an empirical proxy for accruals‐based earnings management. Researchers use these proxies to measure diverse managerial activities that represent fundamentally different constructs (from beneficial earnings management at one end of the spectrum to earnings manipulation at the other). We present a simple framework that defines the specific construct of “earnings manipulation” and places it within the context of the broader concept of “earnings management.” At the construct level, one distinguishing characteristic of earnings manipulation is that accruals reversals cause future earnings to be lower than earnings would have been absent the manipulation. We explore the extent to which increases in 11 common earnings management proxies—that account for 88% of the research published in the last 5 years—result in future earnings that are lower than the firm's average earnings to determine which measures are more likely to reflect earnings manipulation. Our results indicate substantial variation across earnings management proxies in this characteristic with some (including the most commonly used proxies) consistently exhibiting a positive association with future performance, suggesting that they generally do not reflect earnings manipulation. Supplemental analyses that consider earnings persistence and performance of the proxies across firm life‐cycle stages yield similar inferences. Finally, we propose two simple empirical solutions that researchers can implement to capture the construct of earnings manipulation.
Disturbed cerebral circulation and metabolism matters
Authors: Chen Yujie 
Published: December 2021

AbstractStroke is a serious neurological disorder caused by blockage or rupture of cerebral blood vessels. Two main aims in acute stroke therapy include the restoration of cerebral blood flow in order to preserve energy supply to neurons and other brain cells, and minimizing neuronal loss. Maintenance of energy homeostasis in the brain drives neural network dynamics, which preserves normal brain function under physiological conditions. As such, cerebral energy homeostasis is a key target in stroke therapy. The various articles in this special issue highlight energy metabolism changes following stroke, including disturbed cerebral blood circulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, programmed neuronal cell death and cell–cell communication in brain metabolism. Collectively, this series of articles provides insight and presents new avenues for further research to improve the clinical management of stroke patients.
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Intraoral Digital Scans for Fabricating Tooth‐Supported Prostheses Using a Custom Intraoral Scan Body
Authors: Gómez‐Polo Miguel , Revilla‐León Marta , Limones Álvaro , Cascos Rocío , Gómez‐Polo Cristina , Ortega Rocío 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article describes a technique to assist with intraoral digital scans for fabricating tooth‐supported prostheses by using a custom intraoral scan body when the extension of the scan or the clinical characteristics might compromise the reliability of the intraoral digital scan. A preliminary intraoral scan of the tooth preparations is used to design a custom intraoral scan body which is manufactured using polymethylmethacrylate and a 5‐axis milling machine. A low‐viscosity polyvinyl siloxane impression of the tooth preparations is obtained using the custom intraoral scan body. Subsequently, the custom intraoral scan body is digitized using an intraoral scanner. A design software program is used to align the digitized custom intraoral scan body with the preliminary intraoral scan to obtain the definitive virtual cast. This technique aims to reduce manual conventional laboratory procedures such as pouring dental impression or die trimming which might minimize inaccuracies on the virtual definitive cast.