bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum procalcitonin as a biomarker for differentiating between infectious and non‐infectious fever after pancreas transplantation
Authors: Shim Ye Eun , Shin Sung , Ko Youngmin , Kim Dong Hyun , Lim Seong Jun , Jung Joo Hee , Kwon Hyunwook , Kim Young Hoon , Kim Sung‐Han , Lee Sang‐Oh , Han Duck Jong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLaboratory biomarkers that can differentiate non‐infectious fever from infectious fever after pancreas transplantation have yet to be discovered. Non‐infectious fever was defined as the presence of fever (>38.3°C) in the absence of a documented clinical diagnosis of infection or a positive culture. Among 184 consecutive recipients, a total of 91 recipients developed fever within 1‐month post‐transplant, of whom 46 had infectious fever and 45 had non‐infectious fever at our center between August 2014 and July 2019. The onset of fever was earlier in the non‐infectious fever group (14.4 ± 3.7 post‐transplant days) compared with the infectious fever group (16.5 ± 5.8 post‐transplant days; p = .033). Multivariate analysis showed that serum procalcitonin at the peak of fever could significantly differentiate infectious fever from non‐infectious fever (OR 53.378, 95% CI: 6.819‐417.802, p < .001). The area under the curve for differentiating between the two groups was 0.853 (95% CI, 0.780‐0.926) for procalcitonin and 0.667 (95% CI, 0.549‐0.785) for CRP. The best cutoff values of serum procalcitonin and CRP were 0.405 ng/ml (sensitivity, 77.1%; specificity, 80.8%) and 7.355 mg/dl (sensitivity, 66.7%; specificity, 67.3%), respectively. Serum procalcitonin may be useful for differentiating non‐infectious fever from infectious fever after pancreas transplantation.
Using administrative health data to estimate prevalence and mortality rates of alcohol and other substance‐related disorders for surveillance purposes
Authors: Huỳnh Christophe , Kisely Steve , Rochette Louis , Pelletier Éric , Jutras‐Aswad Didier , Larocque Alexandre , Fleury Marie‐Josée , Lesage Alain 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionAdministrative health databases (AHD) are critical to guide health service management and can inform the whole spectrum of substance‐related disorders (SRD). This study estimates prevalence and mortality rates of SRD in administrative health databases.MethodsThe Quebec Integrated Chronic Disease Surveillance System consists of linked AHD. Analyses were performed on data of all Quebec residents aged 12 and over and eligible for health‐care coverage using the International Classification of Diseases (ninth or tenth revision) for case identification. Mortality rate ratios stratified by causes of death were obtained to calculate an excess of mortality.ResultsSince 2001–2002, the annual age‐adjusted prevalence rate of diagnosed overall SRD remained stable (8.6 per 1000 in 2017–2018). In any given year, the annual prevalence rate was significantly higher in males; adolescents had the lowest rate, while adults 65 years and older the highest. The annual 2017–2018 rate was 2.1 per 1000 for alcohol‐induced disorder, 1.9 for other drug‐induced disorder, 0.7 for alcohol intoxication and 0.6 for other drug intoxications. Cumulative rate of any diagnosis related to alcohol was 32 per 1000 females and 53 per 1000 males (2001–2018), and 33 per 1000 females and 49 per 1000 males for any diagnosis related to other drugs. There was an excess of all‐cause mortality among individuals with SRD compared to the general population.Discussion and ConclusionsAHD can complement epidemiological surveys in monitoring SRD jurisdiction‐wide. Surveillance of services utilisation and interventions, coupled with health outcomes like mortality, could be useful in guiding health services planning.
When leadership traits meet historic success: Hassan Rouhani and the nuclear deal of 2015
Authors: Dinler Müberra , Balcı Ali 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study aims to show how dispositional characters of political leaders are affected by situational developments during the time‐in‐office. Although newly emerging literature of leadership traits demonstrate that significant events alter leaders’ traits, they mainly focus on the measurement of shocking events on dispositional features, leaving the effect of achievements underexplored. The Iranian nuclear deal of 2015 is one of the most significant successes in the last decade of world politics. Gambling his political career on nuclear talks by promising the Iranian people to solve Iran's decades‐long isolation, President Hassan Rouhani played a momentous role in negotiating the deal. The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) was globally recognized as a success of Rouhani's leadership. Using the Leadership Trait Analysis (LTA), this article will show the role of Rouhani's personality in the realization of the historic nuclear deal and measure the effect of such a success on Rouhani's leadership traits.
Epidemiology of maxillofacial soft tissue injuries in an oral emergency department in Beijing: A two‐year retrospective study
Authors: Guo Hua‐Qiu , Yang Xue , Wang Xiao‐Tong , Li Shuo , Ji Ai‐Ping , Bai Jie 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground/AimsMaxillofacial soft tissue injuries (STIs) may differ in epidemiological characteristics from other maxillofacial injuries. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of maxillofacial STIs in a public oral emergency department in Beijing, China, from 2017 to 2018.Material and MethodsIn this retrospective study, 5949 patients with maxillofacial STIs and complete medical records were evaluated. Gender, age, etiology, visit date and time, interval between accident and treatment, anatomic injury site, treatment modality, and the number of associated maxillofacial bone fractures or tooth injuries were analyzed.ResultThere were 3831 males and 2118 females (ratio 1.81:1). Patients younger than 10 years were the most frequently seen group (44.2%). Among adults, 20‐ to 29‐years‐old (16.2%) was the most prominent age group. The month of May (11.8%) had the highest incidence of maxillofacial STIs, and February (4.5%) had the lowest incidence. The average number of daily visits was significantly higher on holidays than on workdays. Of the 5949 patients, 45.9% attended at night, 2021 patients had dental trauma, and 31 had jaw fractures. The lips were the most common site of STIs, followed by the chin and gingiva. Lip and gingival STIs were more common in the 0‐ to 10‐years‐old group. Chin STIs were more common in the 20‐ to 39‐years‐old group. A fall was the leading cause of injury, especially in patients younger than 10 years and older than 70 years. Approximately 56.7% of the falls resulted in injuries to the lower one‐third of the face. Sports injuries were more common among 10‐ to 29‐years‐old individuals.ConclusionSTIs of the maxillofacial region were most likely to occur at night, in May and during holidays. Males, children younger than 10 years and 20‐ to 29‐years‐old adults were high‐risk populations. Most maxillofacial STIs involved the lips, and one‐third of the patients had dental trauma.
A 3‐Year retrospective study of traumatic dental Injuries to the primary dentition
Authors: Özgür Beste , Ünverdi Gizem Erbaş , Güngör Hamdi Cem , McTigue Dennis J. , Casamassimo Paul S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground/AimsTraumatic dental injuries (TDIs) in the primary dentition are a significant public health problem, which has been neglected worldwide. Despite its high prevalence, limited studies address this injury. The aim of this study was to determine the characteristics and treatment modalities of TDIs affecting primary teeth, along with accompanying medical co‐morbidities and attendance at follow‐up appointments.Material and MethodsThis retrospective analysis included all TDIs affecting primary teeth from January 2014 to January 2017. Data abstraction included demographics, time lapse prior to arrival at hospital, trauma etiology, classification of TDIs, soft tissue and supporting bone injuries, medical co‐morbidities, emergency treatment, follow‐up appointments and prognosis.ResultsRecords of 283 children with 536 traumatized primary teeth were reviewed. The median age was 2 years and the maxillary right central incisor (35.1%) was the most frequently injured tooth. Almost half the patients, 46.3%, sought treatment after 24 h. Periodontal tissue injuries (97.2%) predominated TDIs for which fall accidents (82.0%) were the most encountered cause. Most patients (177/283) had accompanying soft tissue/supporting bone injuries and 67.2% had multiple traumatized teeth. Seventy percent of the patients were examined only or were prescribed medication. Survival time following TDIs was unknown in 67.7% of traumatized teeth due to non‐attendance at follow‐up appointments. Most patients (55.1%) did not attend the follow‐up appointments.ConclusionsTDIs occurred in the primary dentition with the predominance of periodontal tissue injuries. When TDI was the presenting problem to hospital, accompanying systemic injury was rare. Treatment modalities were mostly limited to examination or extraction. The follow‐up appointments were poorly attended.
Looking within: Interoceptive sensibility in young adults with psychotic‐like experiences
Authors: Barbato Mariapaola , Arora Teresa , Al Hemeiri Shaikha , AlJassmi Maryam A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimInteroception is the ability to sense internal bodily changes and research indicates that it may play a role in the development of mental illness. In recent years, preliminary evidence has shown that interoception is impaired in people with psychosis. Interoceptive sensibility, a meta‐cognitive aspect of interoception, has never been studied across the psychosis continuum. The present study aimed at assessing interoceptive sensibility in youth with psychotic‐like experiences.MethodWe invited a sample of young adults (N = 609; age 19–21 years) to complete an online survey that included a measure of interoceptive sensibility (the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness‐2) and the Community Assessment of Psychotic Experiences‐Positive Scale −15 (CAPE‐P15). Using the recommended cutoff for the CAPE‐P15, the overall sample was divided into two groups (high/low risk for psychosis).ResultsSignificant group differences were observed in several dimensions of interoceptive sensibility. A logistic regression analysis indicated that scores in the subscales of Not‐Distracting, Not‐Worrying, Attention‐Regulation, Emotional Awareness, Body Listening, and Trusting significantly predicted increased risk for psychosis.ConclusionAbnormal interoceptive sensibility may be a vulnerability marker for psychosis. These results, however, await further validation from additional comprehensive, longitudinal studies. Enhanced interoceptive sensibility has been reported following contemplative training, thus creating opportunities for future interventions to delay or prevent psychotic illness.
Fire frequency, state change and hysteresis in tallgrass prairie
Authors: Collins Scott L. , Nippert Jesse B. , Blair John M. , Briggs John M. , Blackmore Pamela , Ratajczak Zak 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHysteresis is a fundamental characteristic of alternative stable state theory, yet evidence of hysteresis is rare. In mesic grasslands, fire frequency regulates transition from grass‐ to shrub‐dominated system states. It is uncertain, however, if increasing fire frequency can reverse shrub expansion, or if grass‐shrub dynamics exhibit hysteresis. We implemented annual burning in two infrequently burned grasslands and ceased burning in two grasslands burned annually. With annual fires, grassland composition converged on that of long‐term annually burned vegetation due to rapid recovery of grass cover, although shrubs persisted. When annual burning ceased, shrub cover increased, but community composition did not converge with a long‐term infrequently burned reference site because of stochastic and lagged dispersal by shrubs, reflecting hysteresis. Our results demonstrated that annual burning can slow, but not reverse, shrub encroachment. In addition, reversing fire frequencies resulted in hysteresis because vegetation trajectories from grassland to shrubland differed from those of shrubland to grassland.
Systemic detectability of dexamethasone and prednisolone after eye drop application in horses
Authors: Stucki Michael , Voegel Clarissa D. , Binz Tina M. , Kraemer Thomas , Lavaud Arnold , Voelter Katrin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundEquine sport agencies list steroids as prohibited substances for competing horses.ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to investigate if the controlled substances dexamethasone and prednisolone are detectable in equine serum and urine samples during and after treatment with eye drops and if this can generate a positive doping test.Study designProspective cohort study.MethodsThe study cohort included 11 horses. One eye of the horses was treated with either dexamethasone (Maxitrol®0.1%, n = 5 eyes) or prednisolone (Pred forte®1%, n = 6 eyes) eye drops 3 times daily for 14 days. Dexamethasone and prednisolone concentrations were determined in serum and urine at day 0 (negative control), 1, 7, 14, 15, 17 and 21 using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. Blood samples were collected within 2 hours post application. Urine samples were collected during spontaneous urination.ResultsAll serum samples (range: 0.7‐43 ng/mL, mean 2.1 ng/mL) and urine samples (range 1.2‐5 ng/mL, mean 0.8 ng/mL) showed measurable amounts of dexamethasone during the course of treatment. Concentrations in both serum and urine samples were below limit of detection (LOD) 24 hours after the last dexamethasone treatment (day 15). All serum samples (range 1.1‐32.5 ng/mL, mean 6.4 ng/mL) and urine samples (range 3.7‐19 ng/mL, mean 4.6 ng/mL) were positive for prednisolone during treatment. Urine samples were below LOD on day 15; serum samples on day 21.ConclusionsDexamethasone and prednisolone eye drops can induce detectable drug levels in serum and urine samples of horses after a 14‐day treatment plan. This can lead to a positive doping result. All samples tested negative (below LOD of the analytical method) for dexamethasone one day and for prednisolone one week after treatment cessation.
Plasma lipidome of healthy and Rhodococcus equi‐infected foals over time
Authors: Sanclemente Jorge L. , Rivera‐Velez Sol Maiam , Dasgupta Nairanjana , Horohov David W. , Wood Paul L. , Sanz Macarena G. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundMany foals that develop thoracic ultrasonographic lesions as a result of Rhodococcus equi infection heal on their own. However, most of these foals receive antimicrobials because foals at risk of developing clinical pneumonia cannot be identified. Untargeted lipidomics is useful to identify candidate biomarkers.Objectives(a) To describe the changes that occur in foal lipidomics as a result of ageing (birth to 8 weeks) and (b) To compare these results with those observed in foals after experimental infection with R. equi.Study designExperimental study.MethodsHealthy newborn foals (n = 9) were challenged with R. equi intratracheally the first week of life. Foals were treated with antimicrobials if they developed clinical pneumonia (n = 4, “clinical group”) or were closely monitored if they showed no signs of disease (n = 5 “subclinical group”). An unchallenged group (n = 4) was also included. All foals were free of disease (transtracheal wash fluid evaluation and culture as well as thoracic ultrasonography) by 8 weeks of life. Plasma lipidomics was determined by LC‐MS weekly for the study duration (8 weeks).ResultsBoth ageing and experimental infection altered the foal's plasma lipidome as demonstrated by multivariate statistical analysis. The intensities of 31 lipids were altered by ageing and 12 by infection (P < .05). Furthermore, nine lipids changed by more than twofold between clinical and subclinical groups.Main limitationsThe number of foals is limited. Foals were experimentally challenged with R. equi.ConclusionsAgeing and R. equi infection induced changes in the plasma lipidome of foals. These experimental results provide the background for future work in the discovery of earlier biomarkers of R. equi pneumonia. Early identification of foals at risk of developing clinical pneumonia is key in order to decrease antimicrobial use and development of antimicrobial resistance.
Classification of cardiac disorders using 1D local ternary patterns based on pulse plethysmograph signals
Authors: Aziz Sumair , Awais Muhammad , Khan Muhammad Umar , Iqtidar Khushbakht , Qamar Usman 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHeart diseases are a major cause of human casualties each year. An accurate and efficient diagnosis is essential to minimize their risk. This paper presents a system for the classification of multiple cardiac disorders based on pulse plethysmographic (PuPG) signal analysis. In particular, the work focuses on the detection and classification of ischemic and rheumatic heart diseases using proposed 1D local ternary patterns of PuPG signals. The proposed methodology is applied on a self‐collected dataset consisting of 250 PuPG signals from 50 normal/healthy subjects, 140 signals from 28 ischemic patients, and 180 signals from 36 rheumatic patients. The effectiveness of proposed feature descriptors to precisely represent different classes of data is verified by several classifiers namely K‐nearest neighbours (KNN), support vector machines (SVM), and decision tree (DT) with 10‐fold cross‐validation. The proposed methodology achieves the best detection performance with 99% accuracy, 100% sensitivity, and 98% specificity using an SVM classifier with cubic kernel. The comparative analysis demonstrates that the proposed method is more accurate and reliable as compared to several existing works on cardiac disorders classification.
Estimating fatigue behavior of a family of aluminum overhead conductors using ANNs
Authors: Cãmara Eduardo César Bezerra , Kalombo Remy B. , Ferreira Jorge L.A. , Araújo José Alexander , Freire Júnior Raimundo Carlos Silverio 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to create an artificial neural network (ANN) architecture capable of estimating the fatigue behavior of aluminum overhead conductors, considering specific weight (W) and bending stiffness (EI) as parameters of influence. ANN training and testing is conducted by using a dataset obtained from fatigue tests carried out in a 50 m resonant bench at the University of Brasilia (UnB). ANNs are used to construct constant life diagrams for this family of conductors, and to compare the results obtained experimentally. Our findings show that for the architectures analyzed, it is possible to accurately estimate the fatigue behavior of this family of aluminum conductors.
The final cut™: Directors, producers and the gender regime of the Swedish film industry
Authors: Jansson Maria , Papadopoulou Frantzeska , Stigsdotter Ingrid , Wallenberg Louise 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFocusing on Sweden, this article departs from the proposition that film production and the film industry are governed by institutional arrangements that produce and reproduce gender and gender relations. The article is based on interviews with directors and producers and analyses how Swedish directors and producers describe their roles and relationship, relating this to how these roles are shaped by the law, film policy, and financial arrangements. The article argues that the Swedish film industry rests on a gendered division of labor, that the professions of director and producer are constructed in relation to masculinity, and that the gender equality measures undertaken are not sufficient to come to grips with the gender inequalities in the industry.
The effects of manual therapy on musculoskeletal system, functional level, joint health and kinesiophobia in young adults with severe haemophilia: A randomized pilot study
Authors: Tat Necati Muhammed , Can Filiz , Sasmaz Hatice Ilgen , Tat Ayse Merve , Antmen Ali Bulent 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe effects of manual therapy (MT) on joint health and functional level in haemophilic arthropathy (HA) have relatively under‐explored.AimTo investigate the effects of MT in HA of lower limb joints on musculoskeletal system, functional level, Functional Independence Score in Hemophilia (FISH), Hemophilia Joint Health Score (HJHS) and kinesiophobia.MethodsSeventeen patients were randomized to the control group (CG = 9) and manual therapy group (MTG = 8). The number of haemarthrosis (NoH) was recorded from the diaries. Range of motion (ROM), strength and pain intensity were measured using goniometer, digital dynamometer and visual analogue scale, respectively. Joint health was evaluated with HJHS, functional independence with FISH, and kinesiophobia with Tampa Scale. Functional Reach (FR), Timed Up‐Go (TUG) and 5‐Times Sit‐to‐Stand (5*STS) tests were used to evaluate functional level. Home exercises were given to both groups. Additionally, myofascial release techniques and mobilizations were applied to MTG. Interventions were applied 3 d/weekly for 5 weeks. Assessments were performed at baseline and after treatment.ResultsROM, strength, activity pain, HJHS and FISH were improved in MTG (p˂0.05). Ankle NoH, 5*STS and FR were developed in both groups (p˂0.05), but kinesiophobia, TUG and knee NoH were not significant. Although improvements were observed in favour of MTG in HJHS, FR, activity pain and ankle strength/ROM (p˂0.05), no significant difference was found in FISH, kinesiophobia, TUG, 5*STS, resting pain and knee strength.ConclusionReduction in ankle NoH indicated that both interventions were safe. The use of MT in HA of lower limb joints was an effective physiotherapy approach to improve functional level, joint health and functional independence.
Headache characteristics and burden from chronic migraine with medication overuse headache: Cross‐sectional observations from the Medication Overuse Treatment Strategy trial
Authors: Schwedt Todd J. , Hentz Joseph G. , Sahai‐Srivastava Soma , Spare Nicole M. , Martin Vincent T. , Treppendahl Christina , Digre Kathleen , Bennett Nathan L. , Birlea Marius , Watson David , Murinova Natalia , Robert Teri , Dodick David W. ,   the MOTS Investigators
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo describe headache characteristics, medication use, disability, and quality of life in a large patient cohort from the United States who have chronic migraine (CM) and medication overuse headache (MOH).MethodsIn all, 610 adult patients were enrolled into the Medication Overuse Treatment Strategy trial from 34 healthcare clinics, including headache specialty, general neurology, and primary care clinics. Descriptive statistics characterize baseline demographics, headache characteristics, medication use, disability (Headache Impact Test 6 [HIT‐6] and Migraine Functional Impact Questionnaire [MFIQ]), pain interference (PROMIS Pain Interference), and quality of life (EQ‐5D‐5L). Relationships with headache frequency were assessed.ResultsMean age was 45 years (SD 13) and 531/608 (87.3%) were females. Mean headache days per 30 was 24.3 (SD 5.5), including 13.6 (SD 7.1) with moderate to severe headache. Daily headaches were reported by 36.1% (219/607) of patients. Acute headache medications were used on 21.5 (SD 7.5) per 30 days. The most commonly overused medications were simple analgesics (378/607, 62% of patients), combination analgesics (246/607, 41%), and triptans (128/607, 21%). HIT‐6, MFIQ, PROMIS Pain Interference, and EQ‐5D‐5L scores demonstrated substantial negative impact from CM with MOH on patient functioning and quality of life. Higher headache frequency was associated with more moderate–severe headache days, more frequent acute headache medication use, greater headache‐related disability, and lower quality of life. Only 272/606 (44.9%) were taking migraine preventive medication.ConclusionsCM with MOH is associated with a large burden on patients in the United States. Higher headache frequency is associated with greater impact on functioning, pain interference, and quality of life.