bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating evidence‐based practice in light of the boundedness and proximity of outcomes: Capturing the scope of change
Authors: Sandbank Micheal , Chow Jason , Bottema‐Beutel Kristen , Woynaroski Tiffany 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEvidence‐based practice (EBP) reviews abound in early childhood autism intervention research. These reviews seek to describe and evaluate the evidence supporting the use of specific educational and clinical practices, but give little attention to evaluating intervention outcomes in terms of the extent to which they reflect change that extends beyond the exact targets and contexts of intervention. We urge consideration of these outcome characteristics, which we refer to as “proximity” and “boundedness,” as key criteria in evaluating and describing the scope of change effected by EBPs, and provide an overview and illustration of these concepts as they relate to early childhood autism intervention research. We hope this guidance will assist future researchers in selecting and evaluating intervention outcomes, as well as in making important summative determinations of the evidence base for this population.Lay SummaryRecent reviews have come to somewhat different conclusions regarding the evidence base for interventions geared toward autistic children, perhaps because such reviews vary in the degree to which they consider the types of outcome measures used in past studies testing the effects of treatments. Here, we provide guidance regarding characteristics of outcome measures that research suggests are particularly important to consider when evaluating the extent to which an intervention constitutes “evidence‐based practice.”
Retrospective analysis of the U.S. corn ethanol industry for 2005–2019: implications for greenhouse gas emission reductions
Authors: Lee Uisung , Kwon Hoyoung , Wu May , Wang Michael 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSince 2000, corn ethanol production in the USA has increased significantly – from 1.6 to 15 billion gallons (6.1 to 57 billion liters) – due to supportive biofuel policies. In this study, we conduct a retrospective analysis of the changes in US corn ethanol greenhouse gas emission intensity, sometimes known as carbon intensity (CI), over the 15 years from 2005 to 2019. Our analysis shows a significant decrease in CI: from 58 to 45 gCO2e/MJ of corn ethanol (a 23% reduction). This is due to several factors. Corn grain yield has increased continuously, reaching 168 bushels/acre (10.5 metric tons/ha, a 15% increase) while fertilizer inputs per acre have remained constant, resulting in decreased intensities of fertilizer inputs (e.g., 7% and 18% reduction in nitrogen and potash use per bushel of corn grain harvested, respectively). A 6.5% increase in ethanol yield, from 2.70 to 2.86 gal/bushel corn (0.402 to 0.427 L kg−1 corn), and a 24% reduction in ethanol plant energy use, from 32 000 to 25 000 Btu/gal ethanol (9.0 to 6.9 MJ L−1 ethanol) also helped reduce the CI. The total GHG emission reduction benefits through the reduction in the CI and increased ethanol production volume are estimated at 140 million metric tons (MMT) from 2005 to 2019 in the ethanol industry. Displacement of petroleum gasoline by corn ethanol in the transportation fuel market resulted in a total GHG emission reduction benefit of 544 MMT CO2e during the period 2005 to 2019. © 2021 Argonne National Laboratory. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining published by Society of Industrial Chemistry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd
More sustainable biomass production and biorefining to boost the bioeconomy
Authors: Gajula Sampath , Reddy C. R. K. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe ongoing saga of the fossil carbon‐based economy affects the wellbeing of this planet and its associated life forms, including humans. Although the bioeconomy is widely advocated as a solution, it is not growing quickly enough due to various challenges. Here, we discuss emerging opportunities to overcome these barriers and enhance the bioeconomy's potential to contribute to achieving the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals as a result of developments in biomass production and biorefining. A brief overview of current advances in biomass production, biorefining, and products together with their applications is provided. A comprehensive vision for the development of a sustainable bioeconomy is also given. Leveraging scientific and technological advances along with the support of modeling, assessment, and analyses, can help to address the sustainability concerns of the bioeconomy and accelerate its progress toward a carbon‐neutral future while strengthening bioeconomy concepts of contributing to equitable economic growth based on holistic sustainable development in harmony with nature. © 2021 Society of Industrial Chemistry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
When reintegration fails: Stigmatization drives the ongoing violence of ex‐combatants in Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: Schmitt Sabine , Robjant Katy , Koebach Anke 
Published: May 2021

AbstractReintegration of ex‐combatants involves multiple challenges. In addition to the trauma‐related psychological sequelae, social obstacles in the community can aggravate psychopathological aggressive tendencies and lead to the continuation of violence in civilian life. However, the association between others’ negative attitudes and ex‐combatants’ ongoing perpetration of violence remains largely unexplored. Between September 2018 and May 2019, we assessed a representative community sample of adults in Eastern DR Congo (N = 1,058) and measured trauma exposure, perpetration, mental health problems (PTSD, depression, and appetitive aggression), perceived stigma (shame, perceived lack of social acknowledgement), experienced stigma, and skepticism toward reintegration with ex‐combatants. Male ex‐combatants (12%,n = 129) had more past trauma and violence perpetration than other community members and a greater number of recent conflicts (including both victimization and perpetration) within the community and with strangers/organized violence. They reported more experienced stigma, more severe PTSD symptoms but were less skeptical about reintegration. Ex‐combatants’ ongoing violence was predicted by an interplay of the community's skepticism toward reintegration and ex‐combatants’ perceived and recently experienced stigma (often attributed to the armed group history) and mental health problems, in addition to lifetime traumatization. These findings promote the need for combined interventions that address individual mental health problems including aggression and collective discriminatory attitudes and behaviors.
Preclinical study of peripheral nerve regeneration using nerve guidance conduits based on polyhydroxyalkanaotes
Authors: Lizarraga‐Valderrama Lorena R. , Ronchi Giulia , Nigmatullin Rinat , Fregnan Federica , Basnett Pooja , Paxinou Alexandra , Geuna Stefano , Roy Ipsita 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNerve guidance conduits (NGCs) are used as an alternative to the “gold standard” nerve autografting, preventing the need for surgical intervention required to harvest autologous nerves. However, the regeneration outcomes achieved with the current NGCs are only comparable with autografting when the gap is short (less than 10 mm). In the present study, we have developed NGCs made from a blend of polyhydroxyalkanoates, a family of natural resorbable polymers. Hollow NGCs made from a 75:25 poly(3‐hydroxyoctanoate)/poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) blend (PHA‐NGCs) were manufactured using dip‐molding. These PHA‐NGCs showed appropriate flexibility for peripheral nerve regeneration. In vitro cell studies performed using RT4‐D6P2T rat Schwann cell line confirmed that the material is capable of sustaining cell proliferation and adhesion. PHA‐NGCs were then implanted in vivo to repair 10 mm gaps of the median nerve of female Wistar rats for 12 weeks. Functional evaluation of the regenerated nerve using the grasping test showed that PHA‐NGCs displayed similar motor recovery as the autograft, starting from week 7. Additionally, nerve cross‐sectional area, density and number of myelinated cells, as well as axon diameter, fiber diameter, myelin thickness and g‐ratio obtained using the PHA‐NGCs were found comparable to an autograft. This preclinical data confirmed that the PHA‐NGCs are indeed highly promising candidates for peripheral nerve regeneration.
Commiphoranes K−O, New Terpenoids from Resina Commiphora and Their Anti‐Inflammatory Activities
Authors: Yang Xiaohua , Wang Daiwei , Yan Yongming , Jiao Yabin , Cheng Yong‐Xian , Wang Feng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCommiphorane K (1), a new dinorditerpenoid, commiphoranes L−N (2–4), three new germacrane‐type sesquiterpenoids, and commiphorane O (5), one new guaiane‐type sesquiterpenoid, were isolated from Resina Commiphora. Their structures were characterized by spectroscopic and computational methods. In particular, the structure of 4 was confirmed by X‐ray crystallography. Compounds 2–5 were evaluated for their anti‐inflammatory activities. The result shows that compound 2 suppresses lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated production of TNF‐α in RAW264.7 cells in a dose‐dependent manner.
Clinical and laboratory characteristics of hepatitis C and COVID‐19 coinfection: Prolonged RNA shedding in nonhospitalized case
Authors: Villar Livia Melo , de Paula Vanessa Salete , Pinto Laura Cristina Machado , Marques Bianca Cristina Leires , da Costa Vanessa Duarte , da Silva Lucas Lima , Santos Alanna Calheiros , do Nascimento Giselle Prado , Miguel Juliana Custódio , Mendonça Ana Carolina da Fonseca , Motta Fernando Couto , Lewis‐Ximenez Lia Laura 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNonhospitalized COVID‐19 and hepatitis C‐coinfected patient presented prolonged RNA shedding and mild course of infection. This finding demonstrated the importance of long follow‐up of these patients.
A case series of serious and unexpected adverse drug reactions under treatment with cariprazine
Authors: Heck Johannes , Seifert Johanna , Stichtenoth Dirk O. , Schroeder Christoph , Groh Adrian , Szycik Gregor R. , Degner Detlef , Adamovic Ivana , Schneider Michael , Glocker Catherine , Rüther Eckart , Bleich Stefan , Grohmann Renate , Toto Sermin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractReporting of new or unexpected adverse drug reactions of medicines that are subject to additional monitoring (“black triangle” label), such as the antipsychotic drug cariprazine, is of paramount importance to improve pharmacotherapy safety.
Advanced lung cancer presenting with malignant pericardial effusion
Authors: Sadiq Abid M. , Sadiq Adnan M. , Nkya Gilbert Z. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIrregular pericardial wall thickening, mediastinal lymph nodes, and pericardial fluid analysis are helpful to identify metastasis to the pericardium though it is a marker of advanced disease and poor prognosis.
On the Mechanism of Au‐Catalyzed Enynamide‐yne Dehydro‐Diels‐Alder Reactions: An Experimental and Computational Study
Authors: Fabian León Rayo David , Hong Young J. , Campeau Dominic , Tantillo Dean J. , Gagosz Fabien 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGold‐catalyzed dehydro‐Diels‐Alder reactions of ynamide derivatives allow efficient access to a variety of N‐containing aromatic heterocycles. A dual gold catalysis mechanism was postulated for transformations involving the formation of C−C bonds by reaction between a terminal alkyne and an enynamide fragment. In this article, complete experimental and computational investigations into the mechanism of such a transformation are reported. Support for a dual gold catalysis was found and it was shown that the concerted or stepwise nature of the cyclization event depends on the substitution of the ynamide moiety. The reaction was found to proceed in three stages: 1) formation of a σ,π‐digold complex from the terminal alkyne, 2) cyclization to produce a gem‐diaurated aryl complex, and 3) catalyst transfer to free the product and regenerate the σ,π‐digold complex.
Droplet Entrainment Analysis in a Flash Evaporator with an Image‐Based Measurement Technique
Authors: Jasch Katharina , Schulz Jonas , Bart Hans‐Jörg , Scholl Stephan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLocal droplet sizes and volumes of entrained liquid are captured with an image‐based measurement technique for comparison with a conventional, integral method for entrainment analysis. Experiments in a forced circulation flash evaporation were performed for different operating conditions and with two different chemical systems. Droplet size and frequency rise with an increase in thermal energy input. The local readings confirm the trends found by the integral measurement method. The modification of the image‐based probe enables the detection of small (≈ 10 µm) and at the same time fast droplets under challenging operating conditions, such as vacuum and superheated feed similar to industrial process conditions.
PROTOCOL: Impact of social protection on gender equality in low‐ and middle‐income countries: A systematic review of reviews
Authors: Perera Camila , Bakrania Shivit , Ipince Alessandra , Nesbitt‐Ahmed Zahrah , Obasola Oluwaseun , Richardson Dominic 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis is the protocol for a Campbell review. The review aims to systematically collect, appraise, map and synthesise the evidence from systematic reviews on the differential gender impacts of social protection programmes in Low‐ and Middle‐Income Countries (LMICs). Therefore, it will answer the following questions: (1) What is known from systematic reviews on the gender‐differentiated impacts of social protection programmes in LMICs? (2) What is known from systematic reviews about the factors that determine these gender‐differentiated impacts? (3) What is known from existing systematic reviews about design and implementation features of social protection programmes and their association with gender outcomes?
Unraveling the Mechanism of Methane Activation on Zn‐Modified Zeolites by Solid‐State NMR
Authors: Stepanov Alexander G. , Arzumanov Sergei S. , Gabrienko Anton A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMethane activation on metal‐containing zeolites is a hot topic because of the great potential of the application of these catalysts for the direct transformation of methane to methanol and aromatics under mild conditions. Solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance (SS NMR) spectroscopy is a powerful technique for characterizing small alkane activation and transformation on heterogeneous catalysts. It can provide insights into the different steps of alkane molecule activation that are difficult to assess with alternative methods. In this Concept article, the recent advances in the investigations of methane activation on Zn‐modified zeolites performed with SS NMR are discussed. These studies demonstrate the breadth of information that can be obtained by SS NMR spectroscopy, such as the intermediates formed, the particular Zn species involved, the possible pathways of the alkane activation. The knowledge acquired with SS NMR provides the basis for the realization of the detected conversions of methane in practice.
A Phase 1 Study to Investigate the Effects of Cortexolone 17α‐Propionate, Also Known as Clascoterone, on the QT Interval Using the Meal Effect to Demonstrate ECG Assay Sensitivity
Authors: Täubel Jörg , Mazzetti Alessandro , Ferber Georg , Burch William , Fernandes Sara , Patel Avani , Spencer Christopher S. , Freier Anne , Graff Claus , Kanters Jørgen K. , Camm John 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCortexolone 17α‐propionate, also known as clascoterone, is a potent androgen receptor inhibitor intended for the topical treatment of skin diseases associated with androgenic pathway alterations. In nonclinical studies, cortexolone 17α‐propionate was found to have a weak inhibitory effect on human Ether‐à‐go‐go‐Related Gene (hERG) potassium channels, which are vital for normal electrical activity in the heart. When used in a cream formulation, little cortexolone 17α‐propionate is absorbed. However, the solution formulation developed for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia leads to a measurable systemic concentration and accumulation of the antiandrogen. This phase 1 study assessed the effect of cortexolone 17α‐propionate on the QTc interval using concentration‐effect analysis and the effect of a meal on QTc to confirm assay sensitivity. Thirty‐two volunteers were randomly assigned to receive the active drug or a matching vehicle as placebo. Participants were dosed twice daily on days 1 to 3 (225 mg applied topically as a 7.5% solution 12 hours apart) and once on day 4. Pharmacokinetic and electrocardiogram assessments were performed after supratherapeutic doses. Assay sensitivity was successfully confirmed by using the food effect on the QTc interval. The results of this concentration‐QTc analysis demonstrate that cortexolone 17α‐propionate and its metabolite/degradation product had no effect on the QTc interval in the concentration range tested.
Single‐ and Multiple‐Dose Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of PN‐943, a Gastrointestinal‐Restricted Oral Peptide Antagonist of α4β7, in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Modi Nishit B. , Cheng Xiaoli , Mattheakis Larry , Hwang Ching‐Chang , Nawabi Roya , Liu David , Gupta Suneel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPN‐943 is an orally stable, gastrointestinal‐restricted peptide that binds specifically to α4ß7 integrin on leukocytes, blocking leukocyte trafficking to and activation in the gut, inhibiting colon inflammation and reducing signs and symptoms of active ulcerative colitis. Two pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic studies were conducted in healthy volunteers. Study 1 was a first‐in‐human study with 40 male subjects receiving PN‐943, 100 to 1400 mg or placebo, as single doses and 57 male subjects receiving PN‐943, 100 to 1000 mg or placebo, as multiple doses. Study 2 was a randomized, crossover study comparing multiple doses of 450‐mg PN‐943 twice daily as a liquid solution and as an immediate‐release tablet in 10 subjects. No subjects discontinued due to treatment‐emergent adverse events. Consistent with the gastrointestinal‐restricted nature of the peptide, systemic exposure was minimal; there was an approximate dose‐proportional increase in area under the plasma concentration–time curve. There was minimal accumulation with once‐daily dosing and an absence of time‐dependent changes in pharmacokinetics. Administration of PN‐943 after a high‐fat meal reduced peak plasma concentration and area under the plasma concentration–time curve. There was minimal (<0.1%) urinary excretion of intact drug, and there was a dose‐related increase in fecal excretion of intact PN‐943. Dose‐dependent increases in blood receptor occupancy and reduction in blood receptor expression were observed, supporting target engagement. Twice‐daily dosing resulted in sustained receptor occupancy with low plasma fluctuations (143%). PN‐943 was generally well tolerated following single and multiple oral doses with low systemic exposure. Twice‐daily dosing resulted in sustained pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, supporting further investigation in efficacy studies.
Onshore groundwater spring carbonate mounds to lacustrine microbialites, the perplexing record of a transitional Great Salt Lake carbonate shoreline at Lakeside, Utah
Authors: Homewood Peter , Mettraux Monique , Vanden Berg Michael , Foubert Anneleen , Neumann Reiner , Newell Dennis , Atwood Genevieve 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNon‐marine carbonates at Lakeside (Utah) are the depositional record of transitional shoreline palaeoenvironments around 1,285 m, as lake elevation fell from Lake Bonneville levels to low‐stand Great Salt Lake levels of 1,284–1,278 m. Lakeside carbonates provide a rare example of onshore groundwater spring deposits connected to lacustrine microbialite reefs. Clotted fabrics and mineralized bacteriomorphs suggest microbial influence both in groundwater spring and littoral carbonates. Thrombolitic clotted aragonite and dendritic clotted intermediate magnesium calcite may document two distinct microbial ecosystems each with a specific mineralogy. Radiocarbon dates from interior to outer layers of a 20 cm littoral microbialite suggest several thousand years of domal growth. Climate fluctuations may be recorded in littoral deposits by the alternation of ooids (increased salinity, arid conditions) with ostracods (fresher water, humid conditions). Successive higher frequency cycles of sedimentation, exposure, microkarst and early diagenesis were cemented by vadose and phreatic very high magnesium calcite and non‐stoichiometric dolomite. Several layers of littoral and beach deposits accumulated during longer lacustrine transgressive–regressive cycles. Clastic detritus and lack of known initial U and Th concentrations could explain the lack of correlation between widely scattered U‐Th ages and closely grouped 14C dates. Calibrated ages from radiocarbon dating may have been increased by long residence time of groundwater in bedrock, since 87Sr/86Sr signatures do indicate possible littoral‐zone mixing of lake water with groundwater from outcropping and subsurface Mississippian Great Blue Limestone. The perplexing Lakeside carbonate system is the result of interaction between microbial and chemical processes during sedimentation and early diagenesis.
Early motor skills predict the developmental trajectory of problem solving in young children with motor delays
Authors: Molinini Rebecca M. , Koziol Natalie A. , Marcinowski Emily C. , Hsu Lin‐Ya , Tripathi Tanya , Harbourne Regina T. , McCoy Sarah W. , Lobo Michele A. , Bovaird James A. , Dusing Stacey C. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe purpose of this study was to quantify the relationship between early motor skills, such as sitting, and the development of problem‐solving skills in children with motor delays.MethodsMotor (Gross Motor Function Measure) and problem‐solving (Assessment of Problem‐Solving in Play) skills of 134 children 7–16 months adjusted age at baseline with motor delay were assessed up to 5 times over 12 months. Participants were divided into two groups: mild and significant motor delay.ResultsMotor and problem‐solving scores had large (r’s = 0.53–0.67) and statistically significant (p’s > .01) correlations at all visits. Baseline motor skills predicted baseline and change in problem solving over time. The associations between motor and problem‐solving skills were moderated by level of motor delay, with children with significant motor delay generally having stronger associations compared to those with mild motor delay.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that overall baseline motor skills are predictive of current and future development of problem‐solving skills and that children with significant motor delay have a stronger and more stable association between motor and problem‐solving skills over time. This highlights that children with motor delays are at risk for secondary delays in problem solving, and this risk increases as degree of motor delay increases.