bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical Study on Uniform Passive Cooling Configurations for Photovoltaic Modules in Hot Climatic Conditions
Authors: Ahmed Ishtiaq , Farhin Hossain Azmain , Haque Md Azazul , Miah Md. Abdul Karim , Heme Saziea Afrin , Rahman Md. Hamidur , Srirattayawong Sutthinan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The reduction in efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) modules when operating at high temperatures is a challenge that demands effective and economical cooling solutions. As such, aluminum heat sinks provide a passive and carbon-neutral cooling method. This study aims to find the performances of five different geometries of aluminum heat sinks to be used for cooling PV modules, where a comparative analysis of their relative performances under controlled environmental variables is performed under steady-state condition. The results show that an arrangement of solid T-shaped aluminum fins as heat sinks provides a 3.14% further reduction in PV module temperature compared to its perforated counterpart. The variation of the average PV module temperature has been compared in terms of solar radiation, ambient temperature, as well as the convection heat transfer coefficients for each heat sink geometry, where the relationship between each pair of data has been identified. The analysis reveals that performance differences may be better observed at lower values for the convection coefficient and higher values for the ambient temperatures. The methodology followed in this study provides a base model for comparing the relative performances of the chosen heat sink geometries, thus providing scopes of continuation of this work.
Design, Modeling, and Testing of a Novel Elastohydrodynamic Seal for Supercritical CO2 Power Cycles
Authors: Hassan Mohammad Fuad , Cesmeci Sevki , Lyathakula Karthik Reddy , Xu Hanping 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Effective sealing is a critical challenge in achieving the full potential of supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) power generation. Leakages from sCO2 cycles can reduce efficiency by up to 0.65%, underscoring the need for advanced sealing solutions. This study explores an elastohydrodynamic (EHD) seal as a promising option, designed to minimize leakage and wear under sCO2 conditions. A fluid–solid coupling model, based on finite element analysis and computational fluid dynamics, was developed and experimentally validated. Proof-of-concept tests were conducted on a 2-in. static shaft seal with pressures up to 1.2 MPa, using polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) as the seal material. Both simulations and experiments revealed a quadratic leakage trend: leakage initially increased with pressure, peaked at about 6 g/s, and then declined to approximately 1.5 g/s at maximum pressure. The model proved efficient, converging in just 2 s, while providing insights into leakage rates, seal deformation, clearance pressure, and stress. In addition, a modified model was provided, which converged in less than 20 s with added accuracy. A parametric analysis further demonstrated the impact of key design factors on leakage, with results aligning with physical expectations. The proposed models could serve as a valuable design tool for EHD seals.
Beyond misalignment of science in the news and in schools
Authors: Erduran Sibel 
Published: January 2025

Almost 40 years ago, the American astronomer, planetary scientist, and science communicator, Carl Sagan, reflected on the role of mass media in science communication.
“How much science and technology do you see in the mass media? Every newspaper has a daily astrology column. How many have even a weekly science column?”
he asked, lamenting the limited science coverage in newspapers. The world has since advanced to a new technological age in which social media, not just newspapers, increasingly act as sources of news, and
science journalism
has become a considerable platform in communicating scientific research.
Kir5.1 regulates Kir4.2 expression and is a key component of the 50-pS inwardly rectifying potassium channel in basolateral membrane of mouse proximal tubules
Authors: Zhang Cheng-Biao , Ding Zheng , Duan Xin-Peng , Chowdhury Tanzina , Wang Wen-Hui , Lin Dao-Hong 
Published: January 2025

Our study provides direct evidence for the notion that Kir5.1 is a key component of a 50–60 pS inwardly-rectifying-K+ channel, a main type K+ channel in the basolateral-membrane of PT. Also, we demonstrate that deletion of Kir5.1 decreased Kir4.2 protein expression including the basolateral-membrane in PT. Finally, depolarization of PT-membrane- potential in Kir5.1-knockout mice suggests that Kir4.2 alone is not able to sustain basolateral K+ conductance of the PT in the absence of Kir5.1.
A Phase I Clinical Trial Adding OX40 Agonism to In Situ Therapeutic Cancer Vaccination in Patients with Low-Grade B-cell Lymphoma Highlights Challenges in Translation from Mouse to Human Studies
Authors: Shree Tanaya , Czerwinski Debra , Haebe Sarah , Sathe Anuja , Grimes Sue , Martin Brock , Ozawa Michael , Hoppe Richard , Ji Hanlee , Levy Ronald 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose:
Activating T-cell costimulatory receptors is a promising approach for cancer immunotherapy. In preclinical work, adding an OX40 agonist to in situ vaccination with SD101, a TLR9 agonist, was curative in a mouse model of lymphoma. We sought to test this combination in a phase I clinical trial for patients with low-grade B-cell lymphoma.

Patients and Methods:
We treated 14 patients with low-dose radiation, intratumoral SD101, and intratumoral and intravenous BMS986178, an agonistic anti-OX40 antibody. The primary outcome was safety. Secondary outcomes included overall response rate and progression-free survival.

Results:
Adverse events were consistent with prior experience with low-dose radiation and SD101. No synergistic or dose-limiting toxicities were observed. One patient had a partial response, and nine patients had stable disease, a result inferior to our experience with TLR9 agonism and low-dose radiation alone. Flow cytometry and single-cell RNA sequencing of serial tumor biopsies revealed that T and NK cells were activated after treatment. However, high baseline OX40 expression in T follicular helper and T regulatory type 1 cells, as well as high posttreatment soluble OX40, shed from these T cells upon activation, associated with progression-free survival of less than 6 months.

Conclusions:
Clinical results of T-cell costimulatory receptor agonism have now repeatedly been inferior to the motivating preclinical results. Our study highlights potential barriers to clinical translation, particularly differences in preclinical and clinical reagents and the complex biology of these coreceptors in heterogeneous T cell subpopulations, some of which may antagonize immunotherapy.
High-Density Lipoprotein Lipid and Protein Cargo and Cholesterol Efflux Capacity Before and After Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Zahid Sohail , Schlamp Florencia , Gildea Michael A. , Lin Bing-Xue , Chaloemtoem Ariya , Falis Marcin , Parikh Manish , Fisher Edward A. , Hornemann Thorsten , Vaisar Tomas , Heffron Sean P. 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND:
Cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) of HDL (high-density lipoprotein) is inversely associated with incident cardiovascular events, independent of HDL cholesterol. Obesity is characterized by low HDL cholesterol and impaired HDL function, such as CEC. Bariatric surgery, including Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG), broadly leads to improved cardiovascular outcomes, but impacts on risk factors differ by procedure, with greater improvements in weight loss, blood pressure, and glycemic control after RYGB, but greater improvements in HDL cholesterol and CEC levels after SG. This study sought to determine effects of RYGB and SG on HDL protein and lipid cargo and investigate associations with CEC changes.

METHODS:
We prospectively studied nondiabetic, premenopausal Hispanic women with severe obesity not using lipid medications undergoing RYGB (n=31) or SG (n=36). Anthropometric measurements and blood sampling were obtained before and at 6 and 12 months after surgery. HDL was isolated from plasma, and quantitative proteomic and lipidomic assessments were performed with LC-MS/MS (liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry). CEC was assessed ex vivo using apoB-depleted serum.

RESULTS:
Participants experienced similar, significant weight loss over 12 months following bariatric surgery (38.0±10.4 kg) regardless of the procedure. Relative quantities of 47 proteins (34 increased, 13 decreased) and 150 lipids (71 increased, 79 decreased) carried on HDL were significantly altered following either surgical procedure. Proteins with similar aggregate response patterns were clustered into 15 groups (5 increased, 5 decreased, 5 minimal change) and lipids with similar aggregate responses into 25 groups (7 increased, 11 decreased, 7 minimal change). Network mediation analyses suggested that changes in 4 protein and 2 lipid clusters mediated changes in ABCA1 (ATP-binding cassette transporter A1) CEC and that 1 lipid cluster mediated changes in non-ABCA1 CEC. The protein and lipid clusters that mediated changes in CEC were distinct between SG and RYGB.

CONCLUSIONS:
Bariatric surgery produces substantial changes in HDL lipid and protein cargo, and specific changes may mediate changes in HDL function in CEC. Further study of these mechanisms may lead to improved interventions to reduce cardiovascular risk in patients with obesity.
Hierarchical modelling of crossing fibres in the white matter
Authors: Rafipoor Hossein , Lange Frederik J. , Arthofer Christoph , Cottaar Michiel , Jbabdi Saad 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
While diffusion MRI is typically used to estimate microstructural properties of tissue in volumetric elements (voxels), more specificity can be obtained by separately modelling the properties of individual fibre populations within a voxel. In the context of cross-subjects modelling, these fixel-based analyses are usually performed in two stages. Crossing fibre modelling is first performed in each subject to produce fixels, and these are subsequently modelled across subjects following registration and fibre population reassignment. Here, we introduce a new hierarchical framework for fitting crossing fibre models to diffusion MRI data in a population of subjects. This hierarchical setup guarantees that the crossing fibres are consistent by construction and, therefore, comparable across subjects. We propose an expectation-maximisation algorithm to fit the model, which can scale to large number of subjects. This approach produces a template for crossing fibre populations in the white matter which can be used to estimate fibre-specific parameters that are consistent across subjects, hence providing data that are by construction suitable for fixel-based statistical analyses.
Functional brain activations correlated with association strength and prediction error during novel symbol–speech sound learning
Authors: Fraga-González Gorka , Haller Patrick , Willinger David , Gehrig Vanessa , Frei Nada , Brem Silvia 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Efficient learning of letters–speech sound associations results in the specialization of visual and audiovisual brain regions, which is crucial for the development of proficient reading skills. However, the brain dynamics underlying this learning process remain poorly understood, and the involvement of learning and performance monitoring networks remains underexplored. Here we applied two mutually dependent feedback learning tasks in which novel symbol–speech sound associations were learned by 39 healthy adults. We employed functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) along with a reinforcement learning drift diffusion model to characterize trial-by-trial learning in behavior and brain. The model-based analysis showed that posterior–occipital activations during stimulus processing were positively modulated by trial-wise learning, as indicated by the increase in association strength between audiovisual pairs. Prediction errors, describing the update mechanism to learn from feedback across trials, modulated activations in several mid-frontal, striatal, and cingulate regions. Both tasks yielded similar patterns of results, despite differences in their relative difficulty. This study elucidates the processes involved in audiovisual learning that contribute to rapid visual specialization within a single experimental session and delineates a set of coactivated regions involved in learning from feedback. Our paradigm provides a framework to advance our understanding of the neurobiology of learning and reading development.
Immune Cell Biology in Peripheral Nervous System Injury
Authors: Xia Yiming , Cai Min , Zhou Yiyue , Yao Yi , Jiang Maorong , Gu Dandan , Yao Dengbing 
Published: January 2025

Background: The peripheral nervous system (PNS) exhibits remarkable regenerative capability after injury. PNS regeneration relies on neurons themselves as well as a variety of other cell types, including Schwann cells, immune cells, and non-neuronal cells. Objectives: This paper focuses on summarizing the critical roles of immune cells (SCs) in the injury and repair processes of the PNS. Results: During peripheral nerve injury, macrophages infiltrate the site under the induction of various cytokines, primarily accumulating at the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and the nerve distal to the injury site, with only a small number detected at the nerve proximal to the injury site. The phenotype of macrophages during injury remains controversial, but recent single-cell sequencing analyses may provide new insights. In peripheral nervous system injury, macrophages participate in Wallerian degeneration as well as in the reconstruction of nerve bridges and angiogenesis during axonal regeneration. Neutrophils appear early in the injury process and are primarily present at the injury site and the distal segment. After peripheral nervous system injury, immature neutrophils from the peripheral blood play a major role. Although lymphocytes constitute only a small fraction compared to macrophages and neutrophils after peripheral nervous system injury, they still play important roles, including Treg cells, B cells, and NK cells. A large number of immune cells accumulate at the injury site, contributing not only to Wallerian degeneration but also to axonal regeneration. Conclusion: In conclusion, this paper summarizes current knowledge regarding the mechanisms of immune cell infiltration after PNS injury, providing new insights for future research on the role of immune cells in peripheral nerve injury.
Prevalence and risk factors of covert brain infarction: A community-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhang Ruinan , Yao Dongxiao , Cai Xueli , Zhang Yanli , Yang Yingying , Li Shan , Jing Jing , Wang Suying , Wang Yongjun , Pan Yuesong , Wang Yilong 
Published: January 2025

Background: Covert brain infarction (CBI) is common and poses a potential and non-negligible burden of disease worldwide. The prevalence and risk factors for CBI have been reported inconsistently in previous studies. Aims: This study aims to ascertain the prevalence and risk factors of CBI and its imaging phenotypes in community-dwelling adults. Methods: The study population was derived from the baseline survey of a population-based cohort from the Polyvascular Evaluation for Cognitive Impairment and Vascular Events study, involving adults aged 50–75 years from Lishui City, Southeast China. The 3.0T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed to access CBI and detect intracranial and extracranial vascular lesions. The prevalence rates of CBI and three imaging phenotypes were stratified separately by age, sex, atherosclerotic burden, and artery stenosis. The intracranial and extracranial atherosclerotic burden was graded by summing atherosclerosis scores. Multivariable logistic regression with a stepwise selection method was used to identify independent CBI risk factors. Results: A total of 2947 participants (mean age of 61.1 ± 6.6 years, 53.8% women) were included. CBI prevalence among study subjects was 9.6%, and the most common subtype was other chronic infarction (5.6%), followed by cavitatory lesions (4.6%) and acute cerebral infarction (0.5%). In multivariable analysis, older age (odds ratio (OR): 1.59, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.40–1.83), hypertension (OR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.08–1.94), higher levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (OR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.04–1.32), homocysteine (OR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.01–1.23) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (OR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.06–1.41), intracranial artery plaque (OR: 1.56, 95% CI: 1.16–2.10), and severe extracranial atherosclerotic burden (OR: 6.57, 95% CI: 1.67–25.79) were associated with a higher CBI odds. There is a linear relationship between age, DBP, LDL-C, and CBI odds, while homocysteine shows a nonlinear relevancy. Age, DBP, homocysteine, and LDL-C elevation increase CBI risk. Conclusion: CBI prevalence in this Chinese community-based population was not low. Age, hypertension, intracranial artery plaque, extracranial atherosclerotic burden, homocysteine, LDL-C, and DBP were found to be the risk factors of CBI.
Research on facial expression recognition based on wide attention and multi-scale fusion mechanism
Authors: Guo Daipeng , Mu Jing , Xu Fei , Li Min 
Published: January 2025

To solve the problem of limitations of current attention mechanisms in extracting key facial expression features and the problem of low accuracy of facial expression recognition due to insufficient consideration of feature information fusion in the receptive field by convolutional neural networks. In this paper, we propose a facial expression recognition network based on wide attention (WA) and a multi-scale fusion (MF) mechanism (wide attention and multi-scale fusion [WAMF]). WA by extracting the background information of facial expression images while focusing on texture information, thus achieving better feature extraction. The MF mechanism is added at the connection points of layers in ResNet, where features extracted from each upper layer are fused using different-sized convolutional kernels and input into the lower layer. Finally, a viewpoint-invariant Capsule Net is used as the classification network after receiving the feature maps. The proposed WAMF model was applied to two publicly available datasets, CK+ and Jaffe, achieving excellent recognition rates of 98.98% and 98.46%, respectively.
Estimating undiagnosed dementia in England using capture recapture techniques
Authors: Mukadam Naaheed , Marston Louise , Flanagan Katie , Ma’u Etuini , Cheung Gary , Böhning Dankmar 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
To our knowledge capture-recapture techniques have not been used to estimate dementia prevalence using routinely collected data in England, nor have they been used to estimate changes in undiagnosed dementia over time. In this study we aimed to use routinely collected electronic health records to estimate the number of undiagnosed dementia cases there are in England and how this has changed over time. We also aimed to assess whether proportion of undiagnosed cases differed by age group, ethnicity, socioeconomic deprivation and sex.

Methods
We used routinely collected primary care data linked to hospital episode statistics from 1997 to 2018. We tabulated capture of dementia in each of the two datasets and used the Lincoln-Petersen estimator to estimate numbers of missing dementia diagnoses per year along with the estimated total number of cases and the proportion of cases identified. We calculated age and sex-adjusted prevalence of dementia for each year and used proportion of cases identified to estimate the underlying population prevalence of dementia per year. We conducted beta regression to estimate how sex, age band, deprivation and ethnic group affects the proportion of dementia cases identified, adjusting for year.

Results
Proportion of cases out of the estimated total that were identified, rose from 42.4% in 1997 to 84.4% in 2018. Estimated population prevalence of dementia rose from 1997 to a high of 4.4% in 2018 in those aged ≥ 65. Proportion of dementia cases identified did not vary by sex but a lower proportion of those from the South Asian ethnic group were diagnosed compared to the White population (coeff -0.115, 95% CI -0.218 to -0.011). Compared to those aged 65–74, those aged 75–84 and 85 + had higher proportions of dementia diagnosed (75–84 Coeff 0.259, 95% CI 0.153–0.366; 85 + Coeff 0.185, 95% CI 0.079–0.291). Those living in the two most deprived areas had a higher proportion of dementia diagnosed compared to the least deprived area (IMD quintile 4 vs 1 coeff 0.093, 95% CI 0.014 to 0.173, IMD quintile 5 vs 1 coeff 0.162, 95% CI 0.083 to 0.242).

Conclusions
Proportion of dementia cases identified has increased over time and results indicate that underlying prevalence of dementia may be lower than previously estimated but this needs replication. Greater focus needs to be given to those with dementia onset at younger ages and those from South Asian backgrounds as dementia is relatively under-diagnosed in these groups.
Variables influencing telemedicine utilization via telephone appointments among rural patients
Authors: García Eliseo , Vincent Benjamin C. , Thakur Shivani , Thakur Ashish , Zabiba Fatima , Agarwal Sandhini , Cervantes Jasmin Dominguez , Zabiba Ahmed 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Objective
To evaluate patient preferences when utilizing telemedicine.

Methods
A 5-point Likert scale questionnaire was completed by 153 patients at a rural clinic via a convenience sampling method. The survey contained 21 statements encompassing provider confidence, patient-physician rapport, and accessibility variables. Patient responses for those who attended (n = 120) or canceled/rescheduled (n = 33) telemedicine encounters were analyzed using paired difference t-tests and t-tests of correlations between different groups of variables. An ad-hoc method patterned after the least significant differences was applied to the analysis of variance results to evaluate patient-valued variables.

Results
Patients surveyed included 82.4% female (n = 127) and 17.6% male (n = 26); 69.3% of them were Hispanic/Latino (n = 106). When reviewing the patient opinion statements, our data suggested a belief that telemedicine encounters were as good as in-person visits (n = 118, x̄ = 4.932) and that such encounters provided them with the confidence to proceed with future, in-person vein treatments (n = 117, x̄ = 4.744). Additionally, patients expressed feeling as though their personal information was safe (n = 117, x̄ = 4.897).

Conclusion
Rural patients indicated a preference for flexible encounters and for providers who strive to build trust and rapport when utilizing telemedicine.