bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychosis, Telehealth, and COVID-19: Successes and Lessons Learned From the First Wave of the Pandemic
Authors: Chaudhry Serena , Weiss Ashley , Dillon Grinasha , O’Shea Ariana , Hansel Tonya Cross 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjective:This brief report analyzes a first-episode psychosis (FEP) clinic’s shift from in-person treatment to the provision of services through telemental health during the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. The feasibility of using this technology was examined by assessing client engagement.Methods:The authors created and implemented procedures for the clinic’s transition to telemental health. Once clients’ consents were obtained, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) compliant platform was used to continue service provision.Results:Client engagement during this period improved compared to that of the same quarter in the previous year. Telemental health was also practical for providing groups and other supportive services to meet clients’ needs.Conclusion:Telemental health is an effective approach to providing care at an FEP clinic during a pandemic. Successes and lessons learned from the first wave of the pandemic can be used to prevent an uptick in symptoms and sustain engagement for this vulnerable population during the anticipated second wave.
Informatics for COVID-19 in New York and California
Authors: Yum Seungil 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjective:This study explores how social networks for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) are differentiated by regions.Methods:This study employs a social network analysis for Twitter in New York and California.Results:National key players play an important role in New York, whereas regional key players exert a significant impact on California. Some key players, such as the US President, play an essential role in both New York and California. Hispanic key players play a crucial role in California. Each group is more likely to show communication networks within groups in New York, whereas it is more apt to exhibit communication networks across groups in California. Government players play a different role in social networks according to regions.Conclusions:Governments should understand how social networks for COVID-19 are differentiated by regions to control the ongoing pandemic effectively.
Psychotic symptoms in mass shootings v. mass murders not involving firearms: findings from the Columbia mass murder database
Authors: Brucato Gary , Appelbaum Paul S. , Hesson Hannah , Shea Eileen A. , Dishy Gabriella , Lee Kathryn , Pia Tyler , Syed Faizan , Villalobos Alexandra , Wall Melanie M. , Lieberman Jeffrey A. , Girgis Ragy R. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundMass shootings account for a small fraction of annual worldwide murders, yet disproportionately affect society and influence policy. Evidence suggesting a link between mass shootings and severe mental illness (i.e. involving psychosis) is often misrepresented, generating stigma. Thus, the actual prevalence constitutes a key public health concern.MethodsWe examined global personal-cause mass murders from 1900 to 2019, amassed by review of 14 785 murders publicly described in English in print or online, and collected information regarding perpetrator, demographics, legal history, drug use and alcohol misuse, and history of symptoms of psychiatric or neurologic illness using standardized methods. We distinguished whether firearms were or were not used, and, if so, the type (non-automatic v. semi- or fully-automatic).ResultsWe identified 1315 mass murders, 65% of which involved firearms. Lifetime psychotic symptoms were noted among 11% of perpetrators, consistent with previous reports, including 18% of mass murderers who did not use firearms and 8% of those who did (χ2 = 28.0, p < 0.01). US-based mass shooters were more likely to have legal histories, use recreational drugs or misuse alcohol, or have histories of non-psychotic psychiatric or neurologic symptoms. US-based mass shooters with symptoms of any psychiatric or neurologic illness more frequently used semi-or fully-automatic firearms.ConclusionsThese results suggest that policies aimed at preventing mass shootings by focusing on serious mental illness, characterized by psychotic symptoms, may have limited impact. Policies such as those targeting firearm access, recreational drug use and alcohol misuse, legal history, and non-psychotic psychopathology might yield more substantial results.
Due diligence as a secondary rule of general international law
Authors: Mackenzie-Gray Scott Richard 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe conventional understanding of due diligence in international law appears to be that it is a concept that forms part of primary rules. During the preparatory stages in creating the Articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts (ARSIWA), the International Law Commission (ILC) focused on due diligence as though it could have formed part of secondary rules. Despite this process, no due diligence provision forms part of the ARSIWA. Yet a number of the final provisions are based on primary rules. This is because the ILC relied on the method of extrapolation in attempts to create secondary rules. Extrapolation is a method of international law-making by which the output of an analytical process is reproduced in a different form following an examination of its content that exists in other forms. In using this method, the ILC attempted to create secondary rules by extrapolating from primary rules. Yet it did not do so with respect to due diligence. However, due diligence can be formulated and applied differently by using this same method. This article analyses the steps of this process to construct a vision of where international legal practice should venture in the future. In learning from and amalgamating the dominant trends in different areas of international and domestic law, this article proposes that due diligence could exist as a secondary rule of general international law. By formulating and applying due diligence as a secondary rule, there is potential to develop the general international law applicable to determining state responsibility for the conduct of non-state actors.
Size‐Differentiated Export Flux in Different Dynamical Regimes in the Ocean
Authors: Dever M. , Nicholson D. , Omand M. M. , Mahadevan A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractExport of Particulate Organic Carbon (POC) is mainly driven by gravitational sinking. Thus, traditionally, it is thought that larger, faster‐sinking particles make up most of the POC export flux. However, this need not be the case for particles whose sinking speeds are comparable to the vertical velocities of a dynamic flow field that can influence the descent rate of particles. Particles with different settling speeds are released in two process‐oriented model simulations of an upper ocean eddying flow in the Northeast Pacific to evaluate the impact of (1) ocean dynamics on the respective contribution of the different sinking‐velocity classes to POC export, and (2) the particle number size‐spectrum slope. The analysis reveals that the leading export mechanism changes from gravitationally driven to advectively driven as submesoscale dynamics become more active in the region. The vertical velocity associated with submesoscale dynamics enhances the contribution of slower‐sinking particles to POC export flux by a factor ranging from 3 to 10, especially where the relative abundance of small particles is large (i.e., steep particle size‐spectrum slope). Remineralization generally decreases the total amount of biomass exported, but its impact is weaker in dynamical regimes where submesoscale dynamics are present and export is advectively driven. In an advectively driven export regime, remineralization processes counter‐intuitively enhance the role of slower‐sinking particles to the point where these slower‐sinking velocity classes dominate the export, therefore challenging the traditional paradigm for POC export. This study demonstrates that slow‐sinking particles can be a significant contribution, and at times, even dominate the export flux.
Ionospheric Sluggishness: A Characteristic Time‐Lag of the Ionospheric Response to Solar Flares
Authors: Chakraborty S. , Ruohoniemi J. M. , Baker J. B. H. , Fiori R. A. D. , Bailey S. M. , Zawdie K. A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe term “sluggishness” was coined by E. V. Appleton in the 1950s to describe the time delay between peak irradiance at solar noon and the resulting peak in ionospheric electron density. Sluggishness can be understood as an inertial property of the ionosphere that manifests as a lag of the ionospheric response to a solar driver. As shown by Appleton, estimates of sluggishness can be used to study the chemistry of the lower ionosphere, of the D‐region in particular. In this study, for the first time, we have examined ionospheric sluggishness in terms of the time delay between the peak irradiance during a solar flare and the resulting peak in ionospheric electron density using HF instruments. Estimates of the delay are obtained using HF observations from riometers and SuperDARN radars that are primarily sensitive to absorption in the D‐region. Two new methods for measuring delay are introduced. Sluggishness is shown to be anti‐correlated with peak solar X‐ray flux and positively correlated with zenith angle and latitude. The choices of instrument, method, and reference solar waveband affect the sluggishness estimation. A simulation study was performed to estimate the effective recombination coefficient in the D‐region. The coefficient was found to vary by orders of magnitude with peak flare intensity. We argue that the variation in effective recombination coefficient with peak flare intensity is highly sensitive to changes in the negative and positive ion chemistry of the D‐region, which is sensitive to the incoming solar X‐ray and EUV radiation.
Statistical Analysis of Pc1 Wave Ducting Deduced From Swarm Satellites
Authors: Kim Hyangpyo , Shiokawa Kazuo , Park Jaeheung , Miyoshi Yoshizumi , Stolle Claudia , Buchert Stephan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTransverse Pc1 waves propagating from magnetospheric source regions undergo mode conversion to the compressional mode in the ionosphere due to the induced Hall current. Mode converted Pc1 waves propagate across the magnetic field through the ionospheric waveguide. This process is called Pc1 wave ducting (PWD). PWDs have been observed by magnetometers on both ground and low Earth orbit satellites over a wide latitudinal and longitudinal range. In this work, we present the statistical analysis results of PWD exploiting Swarm satellites from 2015 to 2019. Spatial distributions show that the PWDs are mainly observed over the South Atlantic Anomaly longitudes, possibly due to the high Hall conductivity and F‐region density, and at subauroral/auroral latitudes ( MLAT). The occurrence rate of PWD increases with increasing AE and SYM‐H indices. Seasonal dependence shows that PWD exhibits a high occurrence rate during equinox and local summer while local winter hosts only a low occurrence. The asymmetry between summer and winter can be explained by the ionospheric plasma density. The high occurrence rate in equinox may result from intense geomagnetic activity during the equinox, probably due to the Russell‐McPherron effect. From our statistical analysis, we conclude that the occurrence of PWD is controlled by both ionospheric plasma conditions and geomagnetic activity, and that the mode conversion and PWD occur more efficiently as plasma density increases.
The double face of miR-320: cardiomyocytes-derived miR-320 deteriorated while fibroblasts-derived miR-320 protected against heart failure induced by transverse aortic constriction
Authors: Zhang Xudong , Yuan Shuai , Li Huaping , Zhan Jiabing , Wang Feng , Fan Jiahui , Nie Xiang , Wang Yan , Wen Zheng , Chen Yanghui , Chen Chen , Wang Dao Wen 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are aberrantly expressed in the pathophysiologic process of heart failure (HF). However, the functions of a certain miRNA in different cardiac cell types during HF are scarcely reported, which might be covered by the globe effects of it on the heart. In the current study, Langendorff system was applied to isolate cardiomyocytes (CMs) and cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) from transverse aortic constriction (TAC)-induced mice. Slight increase of miR-320 expression was observed in the whole heart tissue of TAC mice. Interestingly, miR-320 was significantly elevated in CMs but decreased in CFs from TAC mice at different time points. Then, recombinant adeno-associated virus 9 with cell-type-specific promoters were used to manipulate miR-320 expressions in vivo. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments showed the miR-320 overexpression in CMs exacerbated cardiac dysfunction, whereas overexpression of miR-320 in CFs alleviated cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy. Mechanically, downstream signaling pathway analyses revealed that miR-320 might induce various effects via targeting PLEKHM3 and IFITM1 in CMs and CFs, respectively. Moreover, miR-320 mediated effects could be abolished by PLEKHM3 re-expression in CMs or IFITM1 re-expression in CFs. Interestingly, miR-320 treated CFs were able to indirectly affect CMs function, but not vice versa. Meanwhile, upstream signaling pathway analyses showed that miR-320 expression and decay rate were rigorously manipulated by Ago2, which was regulated by a cluster of cell-type-specific TFs distinctively expressed in CMs and CFs, respectively. Together, we demonstrated that miR-320 functioned differently in various cell types of the heart during the progression of HF.
Lithium as a possible therapeutic strategy for Cornelia de Lange syndrome
Authors: Grazioli Paolo , Parodi Chiara , Mariani Milena , Bottai Daniele , Di Fede Elisabetta , Zulueta Aida , Avagliano Laura , Cereda Anna , Tenconi Romano , Wierzba Jolanta , Adami Raffaella , Iascone Maria , Ajmone Paola Francesca , Vaccari Thomas , Gervasini Cristina , Selicorni Angelo , Massa Valentina 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS) is a rare developmental disorder affecting a multitude of organs including the central nervous system, inducing a variable neurodevelopmental delay. CdLS malformations derive from the deregulation of developmental pathways, inclusive of the canonical WNT pathway. We have evaluated MRI anomalies and behavioral and neurological clinical manifestations in CdLS patients. Importantly, we observed in our cohort a significant association between behavioral disturbance and structural abnormalities in brain structures of hindbrain embryonic origin. Considering the cumulative evidence on the cohesin-WNT-hindbrain shaping cascade, we have explored possible ameliorative effects of chemical activation of the canonical WNT pathway with lithium chloride in different models: (I) Drosophila melanogaster CdLS model showing a significant rescue of mushroom bodies morphology in the adult flies; (II) mouse neural stem cells restoring physiological levels in proliferation rate and differentiation capabilities toward the neuronal lineage; (III) lymphoblastoid cell lines from CdLS patients and healthy donors restoring cellular proliferation rate and inducing the expression of CyclinD1. This work supports a role for WNT-pathway regulation of CdLS brain and behavioral abnormalities and a consistent phenotype rescue by lithium in experimental models.
The active region source of a type III radio storm observed by Parker Solar Probe during encounter 2
Authors: Harra L. , Brooks D. H. , Bale S. D. , Mandrini C. H. , Barczynski K. , Sharma R. , Badman S. T. , Vargas Domínguez S. , Pulupa M. 
Published: February 2021

Context. We investigated the source of a type III radio burst storm during encounter 2 of NASA’s Parker Solar Probe (PSP) mission.
Aims. It was observed that in encounter 2 of NASA’s PSP mission there was a large amount of radio activity and, in particular, a noise storm of frequent, small type III bursts from 31 March to 6 April 2019. Our aim is to investigate the source of these small and frequent bursts.
Methods. In order to do this, we analysed data from the Hinode EUV Imaging Spectrometer, PSP FIELDS, and the Solar Dynamics Observatory Atmospheric Imaging Assembly. We studied the behaviour of active region 12737, whose emergence and evolution coincides with the timing of the radio noise storm and determined the possible origins of the electron beams within the active region. To do this, we probed the dynamics, Doppler velocity, non-thermal velocity, FIP bias, and densities, and carried out magnetic modelling.
Results. We demonstrate that although the active region on the disc produces no significant flares, its evolution indicates it is a source of the electron beams causing the radio storm. They most likely originate from the area at the edge of the active region that shows strong blue-shifted plasma. We demonstrate that as the active region grows and expands, the area of the blue-shifted region at the edge increases, which is also consistent with the increasing area where large-scale or expanding magnetic field lines from our modelling are anchored. This expansion is most significant between 1 and 4 April 2019, coinciding with the onset of the type III storm and the decrease of the individual burst’s peak frequency, indicating that the height at which the peak radiation is emitted increases as the active region evolves.
Oxy-steam co-gasification of sewage sludge and woody biomass for bio-methane production: an experimental and numerical approach
Authors: Gabbrielli Roberto , Frigo Stefano , Bressan Luigi 
Published: February 2021

Sewage sludge management is a current problem of extreme concern in Europe. Till now, the most frequent route for sludge management has been incineration or the reuse by shedding on agricultural land both directly or after composting. However, this last method is critically reconsidered lately owing to the increasing contamination of sewage sludge by chemicals, heavy metals, residual organic oils, etc..
In the present study, the performance of a steam-oxy gasification plant has been analyzed. The plant allows the thermo-chemical conversion of sewage sludge, together with woody biomass, into a gas mixture (syngas) composed by basic chemicals (synthetic hydrocarbons), suitable for subsequent industrial production of very high added-value products such as methane.
In particular, a numerical model of methanation plant, composed by a downdraft gasifier, a syngas cleaning system and a Sabatier reactor, has been created within the commercial code Aspen-One and validated with the results obtained from a real scale air gasifier fed with sewage sludge and woody biomass.
First results showed that the steam-oxy co-gasification process has a high energy conversion efficiency that reaches roughly 80% (i.e. produced syngas calorific value vs the dried feedstock calorific value) with an overall methane yield of about 20% (by mass) of the feedstock utilized.
Superfoods im Fokus: Ein kritischer Blick auf Chiasamen und Co.
Authors: Kuchheuser Paula , Jost Sonja , Birringer Marc 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Umsatzzahlen für sogenannte Superfoods sprechen für eine erfolgreiche Vermarktung exotischer sowie auch altbekannter Lebensmittel mit einem vermeintlich gesundheitsförderndem Zusatznutzen. Obwohl es für den Begriff keine rechtliche Definition gibt und die Produkte unterschiedlichen lebensmittelrechtlichen Regulationen unterliegen, haben sich Superfoods längst in den Regalen der Supermärkte etabliert. Als Superfoods deklarierte Lebensmittel zeichnen sich meist durch eine hohe Dichte an Makro- und/oder Mikronährstoffen, insbesondere sekundären Pflanzenstoffen, aus. Obwohl der implizierte Gesundheitsnutzen von Produkten ohne autorisierte Health Claims eher selten durch Studien belegt ist, beeinflussen die angenommenen ernährungsphysiologischen Vorteile häufig die Kaufentscheidung der Verbraucher*innen. Der Trend von Superfoods gerät jedoch nicht nur bei aufgeklärten Verbraucher*innen durch Bedenken zur Lebensmittelsicherheit und Nachhaltigkeit exotischer Superfoods sowie das Angebot heimischer Alternativen zunehmend in die Kritik.
Vergleich der navigierten und konventionellen perkutanen Verschraubung undislozierter Kahnbeinfrakturen
Authors: Prabowo Kukuh Aji , Lopatta Eric , Lenz Mark , Friedel Reinhardt , Marintschev Ivan , Graul Isabel , Teichgräber Ulf 
Published: February 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Fehlplatzierungen und unbeabsichtigte Penetrationen der Schraube bei Stabilisation von Kahnbeinfrakturen werden laut Literatur in 5 bis 30 % beobachtet. Eine Optimierung der Schraubenlage ist daher wünschenswert, zumal eine exakt zentrale Schraubenlage im proximalen Fragment eine deutlich höhere Steifigkeit ergibt als eine periphere Schraubenlage.
Patienten und Methoden Jeweils 18 Patienten mit frischen undislozierten Kahnbeinfrakturen wurden navigiert bzw. konventionell perkutan von dorsal verschraubt. Neben der Dauer der Operation wurde die applizierte Röntgenstrahlendosis erfasst. Die Schraubenlage wurde in beiden Gruppen mittels eines eigens entwickelten CT-Modus ausgewertet und verglichen. Klinisch konnten 17 Patienten mit navigierter und 11 mit konventionell perkutaner Verschraubung mit einem Durchschnittsalter von 52 resp. 43,2 Jahren unter Erfassung des Krimmer- und DASH-Scores nachuntersucht werden.
Ergebnisse Alle 36 Kahnbeine heilten zeitgerecht. In 2 Fällen musste die navigierte Versorgung abgebrochen und eine konventionelle Versorgung durchgeführt werden. Die durchschnittliche OP-Zeit bei der navigierten Gruppe (NAVI-Gruppe) betrug 83,2 Minuten, die der konventionellen Gruppe (KONV-Gruppe) 42,1 Minuten. Die notwendige Röntgenstrahlendosis war in der NAVI-Gruppe doppelt so hoch wie bei der KONV-Gruppe (106,5 ± 19,9cGy/cm2; 45,6 ± 8,0cGy/cm2). Bei den konventionell perkutanen Verschraubungen wurde 5-mal ein Überstand der versenkbaren Kompressionsschraube (HCS), 4-mal distal (2,27 ± 1,47 mm), 1-mal proximal, beobachtet. Nachoperationen waren jedoch nicht erforderlich. Bei den navigierten Verschraubungen wurde 11 Schraubenüberstände registriert, in 4 Fällen proximal (2,01 ± 0,81 mm) und distal (1,21 ± 0,64 mm), 3-mal nur distal (1,18 ± 0,44 mm) und 4-mal nur proximal (1,61 ± 0,57 mm). Die Auswertung der axialen Schraubenlage im Dünnschicht-CT zeigte bei der konventionellen Gruppe bessere Ergebnisse. Der Krimmer-Score lag bei den 17 nachuntersuchten Patienten mit navigierter Versorgung bei 83,6 Punkte, der DASH-Score bei 5,6. Der Krimmer-Score der 11 nachuntersuchten konventionell versorgten Patienten lag bei 95 Punkten und der DASH-Score bei 8,0.
Schlussfolgerung Die navigierte Verschraubung frischer undislozierter Kahnbeinfrakturen zeigte in dieser Studie weder bzgl. der Schraubenlage, der Penetration der Schrauben noch der klinischen Ergebnisse Vorteile gegenüber der konventionell perkutanen Technik.