bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lenalidomide and dexamethasone in relapsed/refractory immunoglobulin light chain (AL) amyloidosis: results from a large cohort of patients with long follow‐up
Authors: Basset Marco , Kimmich Christoph R. , Schreck Nicholas , Krzykalla Julia , Dittrich Tobias , Veelken Kaya , Goldschmidt Hartmut , Seckinger Anja , Hose Dirk , Jauch Anna , Müller‐Tidow Carsten , Benner Axel , Hegenbart Ute , Schönland Stefan O. 
Published: August 2021

SummaryLenalidomide and dexamethasone (RD) is a standard treatment in relapsed/refractory immunoglobulin light chain (AL) amyloidosis (RRAL). We retrospectively investigated toxicity, efficacy and prognostic markers in 260 patients with RRAL. Patients received a median of two prior treatment lines (68% had been bortezomib‐refractory; 33% had received high‐dose melphalan). The median treatment duration was four cycles. The 3‐month haematological response rate was 31% [very good haematological response (VGHR) in 18%]. The median follow‐up was 56·5 months and the median overall survival (OS) and haematological event‐free survival (haemEFS) were 32 and 9 months. The 2‐year dialysis rate was 15%. VGHR resulted in better OS (62 vs. 26 months, P < 0·001). Cardiac progression predicted worse survival (22 vs. 40 months, P = 0·027), although N‐terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) increase was frequently observed. Multivariable analysis identified these prognostic factors: NT‐proBNP for OS [hazard ratio (HR) 1·71; P < 0·001]; gain 1q21 for haemEFS (HR 1·68, P = 0·014), with a trend for OS (HR 1·47, P = 0·084); difference between involved and uninvolved free light chains (dFLC) and light chain isotype for OS (HR 2·22, P < 0·001; HR 1·62, P = 0·016) and haemEFS (HR 1·88, P < 0·001; HR 1·59, P = 0·008). Estimated glomerular filtration rate (HR 0·71, P = 0·004) and 24‐h proteinuria (HR 1·10, P = 0·004) were prognostic for renal survival. In conclusion, clonal and organ biomarkers at baseline identify patients with favourable outcome, while VGHR and cardiac progression define prognosis during RD treatment.
The impact of environmental and social factors on learning abilities: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Lambert Connor T. , Guillette Lauren M. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTSince the 1950s, researchers have examined how differences in the social and asocial environment affect learning in rats, mice, and, more recently, a variety of other species. Despite this large body of research, little has been done to synthesize these findings and to examine if social and asocial environmental factors have consistent effects on cognitive abilities, and if so, what aspects of these factors have greater or lesser impact. Here, we conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis examining how different external environmental features, including the social environment, impact learning (both speed of acquisition and performance). Using 531 mean‐differences from 176 published articles across 27 species (with studies on rats and mice being most prominent) we conducted phylogenetically corrected mixed‐effects models that reveal: (i) an average absolute effect size |d| = 0.55 and directional effect size d = 0.34; (ii) interventions manipulating the asocial environment result in larger effects than social interventions alone; and (iii) the length of the intervention is a significant predictor of effect size, with longer interventions resulting in larger effects. Additionally, much of the variation in effect size remained unexplained, possibly suggesting that species differ widely in how they are affected by environmental interventions due to varying ecological and evolutionary histories. Overall our results suggest that social and asocial environmental factors do significantly affect learning, but these effects are highly variable and perhaps not always as predicted. Most notably, the type (social or asocial) and length of interventions are important in determining the strength of the effect.
How Bilingualism Informs Theory of Mind Development
Authors: Yu Chi‐Lin , Kovelman Ioulia , Wellman Henry M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe possibility and nature of bilingual advantage for theory of mind (ToM), that is, young bilingual children outperforming their monolingual peers, have been discussed increasingly since the first research on the topic was published in 2003. Because accumulating evidence demonstrates a ToM advantage for bilingual individuals, in this article, we focus on how this advantage arises. We consider how current theoretical positions, including executive function, metalinguistic awareness, and sociolinguistic awareness accounts, explain such an advantage in young bilingual children. These theoretical accounts receive some, but only partial, support, so further research and theory are needed to understand comprehensively the relationship between bilingualism and ToM.
Multispecies tracking reveals a major seabird hotspot in the North Atlantic
Authors: Davies Tammy E. , Carneiro Ana P.B. , Tarzia Marguerite , Wakefield Ewan , Hennicke Janos C. , Frederiksen Morten , Hansen Erpur Snær , Campos Bruna , Hazin Carolina , Lascelles Ben , Anker‐Nilssen Tycho , Arnardóttir Hólmfríður , Barrett Robert T. , Biscoito Manuel , Bollache Loïc , Boulinier Thierry , Catry Paulo , Ceia Filipe R. , Chastel Olivier , Christensen‐Dalsgaard Signe , Cruz‐Flores Marta , Danielsen Jóhannis , Daunt Francis , Dunn Euan , Egevang Carsten , Fagundes Ana Isabel , Fayet Annette L. , Fort Jérôme , Furness Robert W. , Gilg Olivier , González‐Solís Jacob , Granadeiro José Pedro , Grémillet David , Guilford Tim , Hanssen Sveinn Are , Harris Michael P. , Hedd April , Huffeldt Nicholas Per , Jessopp Mark , Kolbeinsson Yann , Krietsch Johannes , Lang Johannes , Linnebjerg Jannie Fries , Lorentsen Svein‐Håkon , Madeiros Jeremy , Magnusdottir Ellen , Mallory Mark L. , McFarlane Tranquilla Laura , Merkel Flemming R. , Militão Teresa , Moe Børge , Montevecchi William A. , Morera‐Pujol Virginia , Mosbech Anders , Neves Verónica , Newell Mark A. , Olsen Bergur , Paiva Vitor H. , Peter Hans‐Ulrich , Petersen Aevar , Phillips Richard A. , Ramírez Iván , Ramos Jaime A. , Ramos Raül , Ronconi Robert A. , Ryan Peter G. , Schmidt Niels Martin , Sigurðsson Ingvar A. , Sittler Benoît , Steen Harald , Stenhouse Iain J. , Strøm Hallvard , Systad Geir H. R. , Thompson Paul , Thórarinsson Thorkell L. , van Bemmelen Rob S.A. , Wanless Sarah , Zino Francis , Dias Maria P. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe conservation of migratory marine species, including pelagic seabirds, is challenging because their movements span vast distances frequently beyond national jurisdictions. Here, we aim to identify important aggregations of seabirds in the North Atlantic to inform ongoing regional conservation efforts. Using tracking, phenology, and population data, we mapped the abundance and diversity of 21 seabird species. This revealed a major hotspot associated with a discrete area of the subpolar frontal zone, used annually by 2.9–5 million seabirds from ≥56 colonies in the Atlantic: the first time this magnitude of seabird concentrations has been documented in the high seas. The hotspot is temporally stable and amenable to site‐based conservation and is under consideration as a marine protected area by the OSPAR Commission. Protection could help mitigate current and future threats facing species in the area. Overall, our approach provides an exemplar data‐driven pathway for future conservation efforts on the high seas.
Biodiversity offsetting can relocate nature away from people: An empirical case study in Western Australia
Authors: Kalliolevo Hanna , Gordon Ascelin , Sharma Roshan , Bull Joseph W. , Bekessy Sarah A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRegular contact with nature provides multiple health benefits for people, but biodiversity is declining fast in an urbanizing world. Biodiversity offsets are implemented to compensate for the negative residual impacts of economic development projects on biodiversity, but the impacts on people who stand to lose biodiversity from their local environment are rarely considered. Offsetting typically involves creating, restoring or protecting biodiversity values at a specified site that can be located some distance away from the development site. In this article, we explore whether any relocation of nature is occurring due to development and offsets in Western Australia (WA); a jurisdiction with one of the world's few spatially referenced and comprehensive public offset registers. We analyzed data from 158 projects within the WA Environmental Offsets Register. We compared the location of development sites within 50 km (the urban and peri urban zone) and 500 km (~one day's drive) of the central business district (CBD) of Perth with the associated offset sites. The development and offset process together can be considered to contribute to a loss of urban nature as the offset sites tended to be further away from urban areas than the associated development sites. The offset sites were also located in significantly lower population density areas. However, offsets increased the publicly accessible land area by changing land ownership and creating amenity benefit by improving nature values on public land. Nevertheless, it is unclear to what extent relocation of nature further from people is balanced by increased public access to nature. In order to maintain nature connectedness, ecosystem service delivery and environmental justice in cities, we argue offset policies should require spatial proximity between impact and offset sites.
Industrial Policy and Monopoly Capitalism in Nigeria: Lessons from the Dangote Business Conglomerate
Authors: Itaman Richard , Wolf Christina 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTTaking the example of the Dangote business conglomerate, this article investigates why pockets of efficiency have formed in the Nigerian manufacturing sector and why, at the same time, structural transformation has remained limited across the economy as a whole. The authors argue that expansion of markets (in this case domestic) can discipline learning. Yet emerging monopoly capitalism carries within it the seeds of fragile accumulation to the extent that price‐setting power, tax evasion and control over wages undermine the growth of purchasing power. In the context of expanding markets, Dangote's monopoly position and growing profits followed from productive investment, but these profits were not passed down at the same rate into wages. What is more, difficulties in taxing the conglomerate have undercut the resources available to the state for pro‐poor redistribution.
Therapeutic options to reduce intravesical recurrence in newly diagnosed Ta high‐grade bladder cancer according to risk stratification: A multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Shindo Tetsuya , Hashimoto Kohei , Tanaka Toshiaki , Taguchi Keisuke , Takahashi Atsushi , Itoh Naoki , Okada Manabu , Hotta Hiroshi , Kunishima Yasuharu , Hirose Takaoki , Matsukawa Masanori , Tachiki Hitoshi , Kato Ryuichi , Hinotsu Shiro , Masumori Naoya 
Published: August 2021

ObjectivesTo evaluate the risk factors for intravesical recurrence in patients with newly diagnosed Ta high‐grade non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer and the optimal management to reduce the risk of recurrence.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated Ta high‐grade bladder cancer in patients who were newly diagnosed by transurethral resection from January 2007 through October 2018. Using multivariate analyses, we evaluated the risk factors and therapeutic options affecting intravesical recurrence and stratified the patients according to the risk numbers.ResultsWe included 390 patients and the median follow‐up period was 31 months after the initial transurethral resection. According to multivariate analysis, having a previous history of upper urinary tract carcinoma, and multiple and sessile tumors were risk factors for intravesical recurrence (P = 0.001, P = 0.02 and P = 0.01, respectively). Risk groups were stratified according to these risk factors into favorable, intermediate and poor. In the entire cohort, induction and immediate intravesical instillation therapy were treatment options to reduce intravesical recurrence (P < 0.01 and P = 0.02, respectively). Analyses in each risk group showed that a second transurethral resection was the only therapeutic option to reduce intravesical recurrence in the favorable group (P = 0.048), whereas induction intravesical instillation therapy was effective in the intermediate and poor risk groups (P = 0.01 and P < 0.01, respectively), as was immediate intravesical instillation for the poor risk group (P < 0.001).ConclusionsSessile, multiple tumors and a history of upper urinary tract carcinoma are risk factors for intravesical recurrence in Ta high‐grade bladder cancer patients.
Insulin sensitivity, cardiovascular function and bone health in women with early stage breast cancer before and after cancer treatment
Authors: Burt Morton G. , Mangelsdorf Brenda L. , Drake Sophie M. , Swan Monique , Padman Sunita , Vatandoust Sina , Koczwara Bogda 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundCardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death in breast cancer survivors, but the underlying cause is not fully characterised.AimsTo determine whether insulin sensitivity, cardiovascular risk markers and body composition were perturbed in women treated with chemotherapy for early stage breast cancer and whether perturbations occurred before or after cancer treatment.MethodsSixteen women with breast cancer and 17 control subjects were studied. Twelve breast cancer patients returned for a second visit following cancer treatment comprising chemotherapy (n = 2), or chemotherapy and radiotherapy (n = 10). The Matsuda index to estimate insulin sensitivity, fasting lipids, pulse wave velocity (PWV), reactive hyperaemia index (RHI) and body composition by dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry were measured.ResultsThere were no significant differences in age (53 ± 9 vs 54 ± 11 years; P = 0.82) or body mass index (28 ± 7 vs 28 ± 6; P = 0.97) between patients with breast cancer and controls. Patients with breast cancer had higher triglycerides than controls (1.2 ± 0.1 vs 0.8 ± 0.1 mmol/L; P = 0.03), but there were no significant differences in the Matsuda index, PWV and RHI. Following cancer treatment, there was a lower Matsuda index (6.3 ± 1.2 vs 5.2 ± 1.0; P = 0.01), but this was not associated with a significant change in vascular function. Bone mass fell by 3% from 2.27 ± 0.11 to 2.20 ± 0.10 kg after cancer treatment (P = 0.03).ConclusionsPatients with breast cancer had higher triglycerides before treatment and a reduction in insulin sensitivity and bone mass following cancer treatment. Future larger and longer‐term studies should characterise the effect of reduced insulin sensitivity on rates of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer outcomes and fracture.Trial RegistrationACTRN12614001055695.
Utility of the iPad NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery in a clinical trial of older adults
Authors: Parsey Carolyn M. , Bagger Justina E. , Trittschuh Emily H. , Hanson Angela J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo demonstrate feasibility and utility of the iPad version of the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery (NIHTB‐CB) in a clinical trial of older adults.MethodsFifty‐one adults, aged 55 and older without dementia were tested twice on NIHTB‐CB and more traditional paper‐and‐pencil neuropsychological measures after meal ingestion, with approximately a 4‐week interval. We also compared performances at Time 1 and Time 2 for significant change. We also extracted the response times and errors for available NIHTB‐CB subtests to determine subtle changes in performance.ResultsOver the interval, improvement in fluid cognitive measures was noted at Time 2 (t = −3.07, p = 0.004), whereas crystallized measures were unchanged. Tests of fluid cognition negatively correlated with age, particularly for the second visit. Analysis of the average speed per item showed that, for two of the tests, speed increased at Time 2. Traditional neuropsychological tests correlated with many of the NIHTB‐CB measures. Response times for all five timed tests decreased at Time 2, although only statistically significant for Picture Sequence and Picture Vocabulary.ConclusionsThe iPad version of the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery appears to be an adequate measure to assess cognitive functioning in a clinical trial of older adults. Psychometric analyses suggest stability in measures of crystallized functioning, whereas measures of fluid abilities revealed improvements over the short time frame of the study. Response times and errors for individual tests revealed intriguing relationships that should be further evaluated to determine the utility in clinical sample analysis, as this could aid identification of subtle cognitive change over short periods. Additional studies with larger sample sizes will be helpful to understanding the reliability, sensitivity, and specificity of the NIHTB‐CB sub‐scores in older adults. In addition, further evaluations with clinical populations, including individuals with cognitive impairment, are warranted.
Longitudinal Cognitive Profiles by Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms in American Older Adults With Subjective Cognitive Decline
Authors: Ahn Sangwoo , Mathiason Michelle A. , Yu Fang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPurposeThe objective of this study was to determine how anxiety and/or depressive symptoms differentially affect specific cognitive domains over time in persons with subjective cognitive decline (SCD).DesignA longitudinal, observational study was conducted using data from the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center‐Uniform Data Set. Mean follow‐up was 4.1 ± 2.4 years.MethodsUsing information from a total of 1401 participants (age 74.0 ± 8.2 years), linear mixed‐effects regression models were used to assess longitudinal changes in global cognition, episodic memory, attention, language, and executive function by baseline psychological (anxiety [A] and/or depressive [D]) symptoms in individuals with SCD. Reference was the group having no symptoms (A−/D−).FindingsThe A+/D− group was not associated with any cognitive changes. The A−/D+ group was associated with a greater decline in episodic memory and executive function. The A+/D+ group had a greater decline in attention. Changes in global cognition and language were not predicted by any psychological symptoms.ConclusionsDepressive symptoms predicted lower episodic memory and executive function.Clinical RelevanceNurses need to pay attention to depressive symptoms in older adults with SCD because managing depressive symptoms may help protect against cognitive decline more typical of early Alzheimer’s dementia.
Monetary Policy Spillovers through Invoicing Currencies
Authors: ZHANG TONY 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTThis paper explores the role of trade invoicing currencies in the international spillover of monetary policy. Using high‐frequency measures of Federal Reserve monetary policy shocks, I show that exchange rates, interest rates, and equity returns in countries with a larger share of dollar‐invoiced imports systematically respond more to U.S. monetary policy. I document similar transmission effects from European Central Bank (ECB) monetary policy shocks to countries with euro‐invoiced imports. I rationalize these findings within a New Keynesian framework. As a result of these spillovers, domestic monetary policy should be less effective in countries with traded goods invoiced in foreign currencies.
Study on the effect and mechanism of NFKBIA on cervical cancer progress in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Chen Mengyue , Liang Xiaolong , Liang Zhiqing , Zhao Limei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimNFKBIA is frequently encountered. However, its expression and relevance of the proliferation, invasion, and migration in human cervical cancer (CC) remain unclear. The role and novel mechanism of NFKBIA in CC progression were investigated in this study.MethodsWe analyzed the expression of NFKBIA in CC and adjacent normal tissues and explored the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HeLa cells by treating with either wild‐type NFKBIA plasmid or NFKBIA siRNA. Effect of NFKBIA on the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the β‐catenin‐mediated transcription of target genes were evaluated subsequently.ResultsNFKBIA expression was lower in CC tissues than that of adjacent tissues. An obvious dysregulation of NFKBIA overexpression was revealed in CC cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, which differed from the effect of knockdown NFKBIA. NFKBIA overexpression facilitated the expression of both phosphorylated β‐catenin and E‐cadherin protein. It inhibited the expression of vimentin, TWIST, as well as downstream targets of β‐catenin including c‐MYC, TCF‐4 and MMP14. Conversely, NFKBIA silencing elevated the expression of c‐MYC, TCF‐4, and MMP14, and promoted the EMT in HeLa cells. Both endogenous and exogenous NFKBIA interacted with β‐catenin. Moreover, β‐catenin overexpression stemmed effects of NFKBIA on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HeLa cells. By overexpressing NFKBIA in vivo, the volume and size of tumors were notably decreased, while no obvious alteration was found in mice body weight.ConclusionBy inhibiting β‐catenin‐mediated transcription, NFKBIA functioning as a tumor suppressor might be introduced as a novel anti‐metastatic agent for the treatment of targeted CC.
Clinical effects and safety of ferric carboxymaltose in pregnancy: An Indian real‐life experience
Authors: Gupte Sanjay A. , Venkataraman Gayatri , Shah Aarti S. , Mudholkar Aparna S. , Jangam Shweta M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is limited clinical evidence of ferric carboxymaltose injection (FCM) usage in Indian pregnant women. We assessed the efficacy and safety of FCM in Indian pregnant women with moderate‐to‐severe anemia.MethodsSingle‐center, retrospective, observational data collection was conducted at a tertiary care research institute. Data of pregnant women with anemia who received FCM in their second and third trimester was retrieved and analyzed for hematological parameters at baseline and at 4 ± 2 weeks. Neonatal outcomes were also assessed. Adverse events and other safety parameters were noted.ResultsData of 271 patients was retrieved and analyzed for safety and data for 168 patients analyzed for efficacy. A significant increase in hemoglobin was noted with FCM in 4 weeks (1.25 g/dL; p < 0.001). Patients with severe anemia reported an increase in hemoglobin of 4.23 g/dL (p = 0.01). Patients receiving FCM in the second trimester noted a significant increase in hemoglobin of 1.74 g/dL (p < 0.001). A significant increase in hemoglobin was noted as early as 20 days (p < 0.001) and also in patients receiving FCM after 34 weeks (p = 0.002). No adverse fetal or neonatal outcomes were observed. Adverse events noted in 4% of patients with itching and rash being most common. Continuous monitoring of blood pressure, heart rate, and oxygen saturation for 40 min during and after FCM administration reported no deterioration or negative safety signal.ConclusionFCM corrects anemia in all subsets of Indian pregnant women and supports evidence of efficacy and safety. Continuous monitoring of vital parameters during FCM infusions supports its excellent safety.