bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The subcortical maternal complex: emerging roles and novel perspectives
Authors: Bebbere Daniela , Albertini David F , Coticchio Giovanni , Borini Andrea , Ledda Sergio 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Since its recent discovery, the subcortical maternal complex (SCMC) is emerging as a maternally inherited and crucial biological structure for the initial stages of embryogenesis in mammals. Uniquely expressed in oocytes and preimplantation embryos, where it localizes to the cell subcortex, this multiprotein complex is essential for early embryo development in the mouse and is functionally conserved across mammalian species, including humans. The complex has been linked to key processes leading the transition from oocyte to embryo, including meiotic spindle formation and positioning, regulation of translation, organelle redistribution, and epigenetic reprogramming. Yet, the underlying molecular mechanisms for these diverse functions are just beginning to be understood, hindered by unresolved interplay of SCMC components and variations in early lethal phenotypes. Here we review recent advances confirming involvement of the SCMC in human infertility, revealing an unexpected relationship with offspring health. Moreover, SCMC organization is being further revealed in terms of novel components and interactions with additional cell constituents. Collectively, this evidence prompts new avenues of investigation into possible roles during the process of oogenesis and the regulation of maternal transcript turnover during the oocyte to embryo transition.
Outcomes following upfront radiation versus monitoring in atypical meningiomas: 16-year experience at a tertiary medical center
Authors: Pan Peter C , Pisapia David J , Ramakrishna Rohan , Schwartz Theodore H , Pannullo Susan C , Knisely Jonathan P S , Chiang Gloria C , Ivanidze Jana , Stieg Philip E , Liechty Benjamin , Brandmaier Andrew , Fine Howard A , Magge Rajiv S 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
The role of postoperative upfront radiotherapy (RT) in the management of gross totally resected atypical meningiomas remains unclear. This single-center retrospective review of newly diagnosed histologically confirmed cases of World Health Organization (WHO) Grade II atypical meningioma at Weill Cornell Medicine from 2004 to 2020 aims to compare overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of postoperative upfront RT versus observation, stratified by resection status (gross total resection [GTR] vs subtotal resection [STR]).

Methods
Ninety cases of atypical meningioma were reviewed (56% women; median age 61 years; median follow-up 41 months).

Results
In patients with GTR, hazard ratio (HR) of PFS was 0.09 for postoperative upfront RT versus observation alone (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.01–0.68; P = .02), though HR for OS was not significant (HR 0.46; 95% CI 0.05–4.45; P = .5). With RT, PFS was 100% at 12 and 36 months (compared to 84% and 63%, respectively, with observation); OS at 36 months (OS36) was 100% (compared to 94% with observation). In patients with STR, though PFS at 36 months was higher for RT arm versus observation (84% vs 74%), OS36 was 100% in both arms. HR was not significant (HR 0.76; 95% CI 0.16–3.5; P = .73).

Conclusions
This retrospective study suggests postoperative upfront RT following GTR of atypical meningioma is associated with improved PFS compared to observation. Further studies are required to draw conclusions about OS.
Photometric observations of the potentially hazardous asteroid (99942) Apophis from Kawabe Cosmic Park
Authors: Yoshida Fumi , Ishimaru Ryo , Okudaira Osamu , Ishibashi Ko , Hong Peng K , Matsui Takafumi , Kim Myung-Jin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Asteroid (99942) Apophis is a potentially hazardous asteroid. The Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI) recently proposed a rendezvous mission with Apophis, with a planned asteroid observation campaign to help determine the mission strategy in advance. In this study, we performed multicolor photometric observations of Apophis using the 1.0 m telescope at Kawabe Cosmic Park on 2021 March 10. The visible colors (g′, r′, and i′) of Apophis were obtained. The average colors of Apophis during our observations were as follows: g′ − r′ = 0.618 ± 0.021 and r′ − i′ = 0.180 ± 0.021. No significant color variation was observed in r′ − i′, but a slight variation may have occurred in g′ − r′ during the observation period of 4.63 hr. The obtained colors appeared to match those of an Sq-class asteroid, which is the asteroid type previously determined for Apophis by Binzel et al. (2009, Icarus, 200, 480) using the visible to near-infrared (0.55–2.45 μm) reflectance spectrum.
White Matter Matters: Unraveling Violence in Psychosis and Psychopathy
Authors: Tesli Natalia , Rokicki Jaroslav , Maximov Ivan I , Bell Christina , Hjell Gabriela , Gurholt Tiril , Fischer-Vieler Thomas , Bang Nina , Tesli Martin , Westlye Lars T , Andreassen Ole A , Melle Ingrid , Agartz Ingrid , Rasmussen Kirsten , Johansen Ragnhild , Friestad Christine , Haukvik Unn K 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Individuals with psychotic disorders have an increased risk of committing acts of violence. Neurobiological support for the extent to which violence in psychosis is driven by psychotic symptoms and/or antisocial traits could have clinical and legal implications. Neuroimaging studies have reported white matter (WM) abnormalities in individuals with psychosis and in those with antisocial traits. However, it is unknown whether WM abnormalities in psychosis patients with a history of violence (violent-PSY) resemble those found in nonviolent psychosis patients (nonviolent PSY), violent nonpsychotic individuals (violent non-PSY), or both. Diffusion tensor imaging scans from 301 males including violent-PSY (n = 28), violent non-PSY (n = 20), nonviolent PSY (n = 58), and healthy controls (HC, n = 195) were analyzed with tract-based spatial statistics. Fractional anisotropy (FA), mean, axial and radial (RD) diffusivity were compared between groups. Psychopathic traits in the violent groups were measured with Psychopathy Checklist-revisited (PCL-R). Violent-PSY had globally lower FA and higher RD, compared with nonviolent PSY. Both psychosis groups and violent non-PSY group had widespread disruptions in WM compared with HC. There were no significant WM differences between violent-PSY and violent non-PSY. PCL-R scores did not differ between the violence groups and were associated with higher RD in corpus callosum. Here we demonstrate a widespread pattern of reduced WM integrity in violent-PSY compared with nonviolent PSY. The lack of significant WM and PCL-R differences between the violence groups, together with the positive association between PCL-R and WM deficits in violent-PSY and violent non-PSY may indicate shared neurobiological underpinnings of trait violence.
Neurocognitive Deficits Mediate the Relationship Between Structural Abnormalities and Clinical Outcomes in Individuals With Ultrahigh Risk for Psychosis: A Multimodal Neuroimaging and Longitudinal Neurocognitive Study
Authors: Koike Shinsuke , Fujioka Mao , Takano Yosuke , Iwashiro Norichika , Satomura Yoshihiro , Nagai Tatsuya , Koshiyama Daisuke , Tada Mariko , Natsubori Tatsunobu , Okada Naohiro , Abe Osamu , Kirihara Kenji , Yamasue Hidenori , Suga Motomu , Kasai Kiyoto 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundCognitive deficits and improvements have been observed in individuals with ultrahigh risk for psychosis (UHR) over their clinical course, but the relationship between brain structural and functional characteristics, neurocognitive deficits and improvements, and clinical prognosis remains unclear.MethodsA total of 50 UHR individuals were assessed using 129 neurocognitive assessments to explore cognitive deficits and improvements over 3 years. Neurocognitive deficits (intercept) and improvements (slope) were investigated using a general linear mixed model, and their relationship with symptom severity was assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale five factor scores. In addition, psychobiological measurements including brain structure, brain activity during a verbal fluency task, and mismatch negativity were also tested. Possible models including the paths from brain structure, brain function, neurocognitive function, and symptom severity outcomes were compared.ResultsThe intercept of verbal fluency was negatively associated with negative symptoms at baseline (corrected P = .0001) and at the 4-month follow-up (corrected P = .0016).A model including these relationships exhibited significant paths from the cortical surface area in the right banks of the superior temporal sulcus to verbal fluency (P &lt; .001) and from verbal fluency to 4-month negative symptoms (P &lt; .001), but not from brain activity to negative symptoms (P = .072).ConclusionStructural and functional characteristics of the brain may not be directly associated with short-term symptom severity, and these relationships may be partly mediated by neurocognitive function.
Helping People with Disabilities in the Workplace: Mezzo-Level Interventions Targeting Corporate Culture
Authors: Kwan Chi Kin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article explores the relevance of mezzo-level interventions to help people with disabilities improve their employability. It begins with an overview of the micro-mezzo-macro spectrum in the context of vocational rehabilitation services and shows that corporate culture plays a critical role in determining the employment outcomes of people with disabilities. This case study, a collaborative project of two business enterprises in Hong Kong, illustrates the benefits brought by a mezzo-level intervention for people with disabilities. Feedback collected from eight participating staff members from the two companies revealed that such collaboration can facilitate disability-friendly work environments. By promoting workplace inclusion through three main factors—attitudes, skills, and knowledge—social workers helped support the participating staff members who worked with people with disabilities. The staff participants gained a more accurate understanding of the characteristics of people with disabilities, and better workplace accommodations were provided for employees with special needs. The experiences reported by the participants in this project suggest that social workers’ scope of practice should be expanded to mezzo-level interventions to target corporate culture.
The effects of protein supplementation and pasture maintenance on the growth, parasite burden, and economic return of pasture-raised lambs
Authors: Campbell Braden J , Marsh Antoinette E , Parker Elizabeth M , McCutcheon Jefferson S , Fluharty Francis L , Parker Anthony J 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the impact of protein supplementation and pasture contamination with gastrointestinal nematodes on the mitigation of parasitic infection in grazing lambs. We hypothesized that there would be no difference between protein supplementation and newly sown pasture in evaluating lamb growth and health parameters associated with parasitism. Furthermore, we questioned if there would be an interaction between protein supplementation and pasture type. A total of 192, 60-d-old lambs (28.3 ± 5.1 kg) were randomly assigned to one of four treatments: 1) new pasture without supplementation (NN); 2) new pasture with supplementation (NS); 3) established pasture without supplementation (EN); and 4) established pasture with supplementation (ES) and grazed for 112 d. Lambs were supplemented at a rate of 1% body weight/d. Supplemented lambs had greater body weight (BW) and average daily gain (ADG) when compared with non-supplemented lambs (P &lt; 0.04). Additionally, lambs on newly sown pasture demonstrated greater BW and ADG when compared with lambs grazing on established pasture (P &lt; 0.05). For lamb health, lambs in the EN treatment group had the greatest FAMACHA eye scores and lowest packed cell volume (PCV) over the course of the 112-d grazing period (P &lt; 0.05). Moreover, NS and ES treatment lambs demonstrated similar FAMACHA eye scores when compared with NN treatment lambs; however, NN treatment lambs showed lower PCV when compared with NS and ES treatment lambs (P &lt; 0.05). In evaluating fecal egg counts (FEC), lambs on new pasture or given supplement demonstrated lesser FEC when compared with those lambs on established pasture or not given supplement (P &lt; 0.05). Sixty-four lambs were harvested to evaluate total abomasum nematode counts which demonstrated that Haemonchus contortus represented approximately 80% of total nematodes. Furthermore, based upon gross margin analysis, lambs given a protein rich supplement on pasture had a 9.3 kg increase in lamb BW whereas newly sown pasture had a 1.3 kg increase in lamb BW. A protein rich supplement given to lambs grazing pastures contaminated primarily with H. contortus or placing lambs on newly sown pasture increases lamb BW and improves parasite resiliency. Selection of parasite management strategies may be influenced by cost of production and market opportunities.
Wealth Inequality in South Africa, 1993–2017
Authors: Chatterjee Aroop , Czajka Léo , Gethin Amory 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This article estimates the distribution of personal wealth in South Africa by combining microdata covering the universe of income tax returns, household surveys, and macroeconomic balance sheet statistics. South Africa is characterized by unparalleled levels of wealth concentration. The top 10 percent own 86 percent of aggregate wealth and the top 0.1 percent close to one-third. The top 0.01 percent of the distribution (3,500 individuals) concentrate 15 percent of household net worth, more than the bottom 90 percent as a whole. Such levels of inequality can be accounted for in all forms of assets at the top end, including housing, pension funds, and financial assets. There has been no sign of decreasing inequality since the end of apartheid.
Surgical Outcomes of Human Immunodeficiency Virus–positive Patients Undergoing Lumbar Degenerative Surgery
Authors: Varshneya Kunal , Wadhwa Harsh , Ho Allen L. , Medress Zachary A. , Stienen Martin N. , Desai Atman , Ratliff John K. , Veeravagu Anand 
Published: June 2021

Study Design:
This was a retrospective cohort studying using a national administrative database.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to determine the postoperative complications and quality outcomes of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients undergoing surgical management for lumbar degenerative disease (LDD).

Methods:
This study identified patients with who underwent surgery for LDD between 2007 and 2016. Patients were stratified based on whether they were HIV positive at the time of surgery. Multivariate regression was utilized to reduce the confounding of baseline covariates. Patients who underwent 3 or more levels of surgical correction were under the age of 18 years, or those with any prior history of trauma or tumor were excluded from this study. Baseline comorbidities, postoperative complication rates, and reoperation rates were determined.

Results:
A total of 120,167 patients underwent primary lumbar degenerative surgery, of which 309 (0.26%) were HIV positive. In multivariate regression analysis, the HIV-positive cohort was more likely to be readmitted at 30 days [odds ratio (OR)=1.9, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2–2.8], 60 days (OR=1.7, 95% CI: 1.2–2.5), and 90 days (OR=1.5, 95% CI: 1.0–2.2). The HIV-positive cohort was also more likely to experience any postoperative complication (OR=1.7, 95% CI: 1.2–2.3). Of the major drivers identified, HIV-positive patients had significantly greater odds of cerebrovascular disease and postoperative neurological complications (OR=3.8, 95% CI: 1.8–6.9) and acute kidney injury (OR=3.4, 95% CI: 1.3–7.1). Costs of index hospitalization were not significantly different between the 2 cohorts ($30,056 vs. $29,720, P=0.6853). The total costs were also similar throughout the 2-year follow-up period.

Conclusion:
Patients who are HIV positive at the time of LDD surgery are at a higher risk for postoperative central nervous system and renal complications and unplanned readmissions.
Outcome Measures of Medicare Patients With Diabetes Mellitus Undergoing Thoracolumbar Deformity Surgery
Authors: Varshneya Kunal , Bhattacharjya Anika , Sharma Jigyasa , Stienen Martin N. , Medress Zachary A. , Ratliff John K. , Veeravagu Anand 
Published: June 2021

Study Design:
This was a retrospective study.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to identify the impact of diabetes on postoperative outcomes in Medicare patients undergoing adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery.

Methods:
We queried the MarketScan Medicare database to identify patients who underwent ASD surgery from 2007 to 2016. Patients were then stratified based on diabetes status at the time of the index operation. Patients not enrolled in the Medicare dataset and those with any prior history of trauma or tumor were excluded from this study.

Results:
A total of 2564 patients met the inclusion criteria of this study, of which n=746 (29.1.%) were diabetic. Patients with diabetes had a higher rate of postoperative infection than nondiabetic patients (3.1% vs. 1.7%, P<0.05) within 90 days. Renal complications were also more elevated in the diabetic cohort (3.2% vs. 1.3%, P<0.05). Readmission rates were significantly higher in the diabetes cohort through of 60 days (15.2% vs. 11.8%, P<0.05) and 90 days (17.0% vs. 13.4%, P<0.05). When looking specifically at the outpatient payments, patients with diabetes did have a higher financial burden at 60 days ($8147 vs. $6956, P<0.05) and 90 days ($10,126 vs. $8376, P<0.05).

Conclusions:
In this study, diabetic patients who underwent ASD surgery had elevated rates of postoperative infection, outpatient costs, and rates of readmissions within 90 days. Further research should investigate the role of poor glycemic control on spine surgery outcomes.
Characteristics of U.S. Acute Care Hospitals That Have Implemented Telemedicine Critical Care
Authors: Ofoma Uchenna R. , Maddox Thomas M. , Perera Chamila , Waken R. J. , Drewry Anne M. , Liu Lei , Boyle Walter , Kollef Marin , Joynt Maddox Karen E. 
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVES:
Telemedicine critical care is associated with improved efficiency, quality, and cost-effectiveness. As of 2010, fewer than 5% of U.S. hospitals had telemedicine critical care, and fewer than 10% of ICU beds were covered. We evaluated recent telemedicine critical care implementation and bed coverage rates in the United States and compared characteristics of hospitals with and without telemedicine critical care.

DESIGN:
Cross-sectional study of 2018 American Hospital Association Annual Survey Database.

SETTING:
U.S. hospitals.

PATIENTS:
None.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
We obtained data regarding telemedicine critical care implementation, ICU capability (defined as ≥ 1 ICU bed), other hospital characteristics, and the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index, a measure of ICU market competition based on hospital referral regions. Among 4,396 hospitals (response rate 71%), 788 (17.9%) had telemedicine critical care, providing potential coverage to 27,624 (28% of total) ICU beds. Among 306 hospital referral regions, 197 (64%) had a respondent hospital with telemedicine critical care. Telemedicine critical care implementation was associated with being a nonprofit (odds ratio, 7.75; 95% CI, 5.18–11.58) or public (odds ratio, 4.16 [2.57–6.73]) compared with for-profit hospital; membership in a health system (odds ratio, 3.83 [2.89–5.08]; stroke telemedicine presence (odds ratio, 6.87 [5.35–8.81]); ICU capability (odds ratio, 1.68 [1.25–2.26]); and more competitive ICU markets (odds ratio per 1,000-point decrease in Herfindahl-Hirschman Index 1.11 [1.01–1.22]). Notably, rural critical access hospitals had lower odds of telemedicine critical care implementation (odds ratio, 0.49 [0.34–0.70]). Teaching status, geographic region, and rurality were not associated with telemedicine critical care implementation.

CONCLUSIONS:
About one fifth of respondent hospitals had telemedicine critical care by 2018, providing potential coverage of nearly one third of reported ICU beds. This represents a substantial increase in telemedicine critical care implementation over the last decade. Future expansion to include more rural hospitals that could benefit most may be aided by addressing hospital financial and market barriers to telemedicine critical care implementation.
The association between diabetes and gastric cancer: results from the Stomach Cancer Pooling Project Consortium
Authors: Dabo Bashir , Pelucchi Claudio , Rota Matteo , Jain Harshonnati , Bertuccio Paola , Bonzi Rossella , Palli Domenico , Ferraroni Monica , Zhang Zuo-Feng , Sanchez-Anguiano Aurora , Thi-Hai Pham Yen , Thi-Du Tran Chi , Gia Pham Anh , Yu Guo-Pei , Nguyen Tin C. , Muscat Joshua , Tsugane Shoichiro , Hidaka Akihisa , Hamada Gerson S. , Zaridze David , Maximovitch Dmitry , Kogevinas Manolis , Fernàndez de Larrea Nerea , Boccia Stefania , Pastorino Roberta , Kurtz Robert C. , Lagiou Areti , Lagiou Pagona , Vioque Jesus , Camargo M. Constanza , Paula Curado Maria , Lunet Nuno , Boffetta Paolo , Negri Eva , La Vecchia Carlo , Luu Hung N. 
Published: June 2021

Background
Prior epidemiologic studies on the association between diabetes and gastric cancer risk provided inconclusive findings, while traditional, aggregate data meta-analyses were characterized by high between-study heterogeneity.

Objective
To investigate the association between type 2 diabetes and gastric cancer using data from the ‘Stomach Cancer Pooling (StoP) Project’, an international consortium of more than 30 case–control and nested case–control studies, which is large and provides harmonized definition of participants’ characteristics across individual studies. The data have the potential to minimize between-study heterogeneity and provide greater statistical power for subgroup analysis.

Methods
We included 5592 gastric cancer cases and 12 477 controls from 14 studies from Europe, Asia, North America, and South America in a two-stage individual-participant data meta-analysis. Random-effect models were used to estimate summary odds ratios (ORs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) by pooling study-specific ORs.

Results
We did not find an overall association between diabetes and gastric cancer (pooled OR = 1.01, 95% CI, 0.94–1.07). However, the risk of cardia gastric cancer was significantly higher among individuals with type 2 diabetes (OR = 1.16, 95% CI, 1.02–1.33). There was no association between diabetes and gastric cancer risk in strata of Helicobacter pylori infection serostatus, age, sex, BMI, smoking status, alcohol consumption, fruit/vegetable intake, gastric cancer histologic type, and source of controls.

Conclusion
This study provides additional evidence that diabetes is unrelated to gastric cancer overall but may be associated with excess cardia gastric cancer risk.