bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Manipulation of auxin signalling by plant viruses
Authors: Müllender Maximilian , Varrelmann Mark , Savenkov Eugene I. , Liebe Sebastian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCompatible plant–virus interactions result in dramatic changes of the plant transcriptome and morphogenesis, and are often associated with rapid alterations in plant hormone homeostasis and signalling. Auxin controls many aspects of plant organogenesis, development, and growth; therefore, plants can rapidly perceive and respond to changes in the cellular auxin levels. Auxin signalling is a tightly controlled process and, hence, is highly vulnerable to changes in the mRNA and protein levels of its components. There are several core nuclear components of auxin signalling. In the nucleus, the interaction of auxin response factors (ARFs) and auxin/indole acetic acid (Aux/IAA) proteins is essential for the control of auxin‐regulated pathways. Aux/IAA proteins are negative regulators, whereas ARFs are positive regulators of the auxin response. The interplay between both is essential for the transcriptional regulation of auxin‐responsive genes, which primarily regulate developmental processes but also modulate the plant immune system. Recent studies suggest that plant viruses belonging to different families have developed various strategies to disrupt auxin signalling, namely by (a) changing the subcellular localization of Aux/IAAs, (b) preventing degradation of Aux/IAAs by stabilization, or (c) inhibiting the transcriptional activity of ARFs. These interactions perturb auxin signalling and experimental evidence from various studies highlights their importance for virus replication, systemic movement, interaction with vectors for efficient transmission, and symptom development. In this microreview, we summarize and discuss the current knowledge on the interaction of plant viruses with auxin signalling components of their hosts.
PhcQ mainly contributes to the regulation of quorum sensing‐dependent genes, in which PhcR is partially involved, in Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum strain OE1‐1
Authors: Takemura Chika , Senuma Wakana , Hayashi Kazusa , Minami Ayaka , Terazawa Yuki , Kaneoka Chisaki , Sakata Megumi , Chen Min , Zhang Yong , Nobori Tatsuya , Sato Masanao , Kiba Akinori , Ohnishi Kouhei , Tsuda Kenichi , Kai Kenji , Hikichi Yasufumi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe gram‐negative plant‐pathogenic β‐proteobacterium Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum strain OE1‐1 produces methyl 3‐hydroxymyristate as a quorum sensing (QS) signal via the methyltransferase PhcB and senses the chemical through the sensor histidine kinase PhcS. This leads to functionalization of the LysR family transcriptional regulator PhcA, regulating QS‐dependent genes responsible for the QS‐dependent phenotypes including virulence. The phc operon consists of phcB, phcS, phcR, and phcQ, with the latter two encoding regulator proteins with a receiver domain and a histidine kinase domain and with a receiver domain, respectively. To elucidate the function of PhcR and PhcQ in the regulation of QS‐dependent genes, we generated phcR‐deletion and phcQ‐deletion mutants. Though the QS‐dependent phenotypes of the phcR‐deletion mutant were largely unchanged, deletion of phcQ led to a significant change in the QS‐dependent phenotypes. Transcriptome analysis coupled with quantitative reverse transcription‐PCR and RNA‐sequencing revealed that phcB, phcK, and phcA in the phcR‐deletion and phcQ‐deletion mutants were expressed at similar levels as in strain OE1‐1. Compared with strain OE1‐1, expression of 22.9% and 26.4% of positively and negatively QS‐dependent genes, respectively, was significantly altered in the phcR‐deletion mutant. However, expression of 96.8% and 66.9% of positively and negatively QS‐dependent genes, respectively, was significantly altered in the phcQ‐deletion mutant. Furthermore, a strong positive correlation of expression of these QS‐dependent genes was observed between the phcQ‐deletion and phcA‐deletion mutants. Our results indicate that PhcQ mainly contributes to the regulation of QS‐dependent genes, in which PhcR is partially involved.
Is there an association between zinc and COVID‐19–associated mucormycosis? Results of an experimental and clinical study
Authors: Muthu Valliappan , Kumar Mohan , Paul Raees A. , Zohmangaihi Deepy , Choudhary Hansraj , Rudramurthy Shivaprakash M. , Panda Naresh K. , Pannu Ashok Kumar , Sharma Navneet , Sharma Sadhna , Chakrabarti Arunaloke , Agarwal Ritesh 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe enormous increase in COVID‐19–associated mucormycosis (CAM) in India lacks an explanation. Zinc supplementation during COVID‐19 management is speculated as a contributor to mucormycosis. We conducted an experimental and clinical study to explore the association of zinc and mucormycosis.MethodsWe inoculated pure isolates of Rhizopus arrhizus obtained from subjects with CAM on dichloran rose Bengal chloramphenicol (DRBC) agar enriched with (three different concentrations) and without zinc. At 24 h, we counted the viable colonies and measured the dry weight of colonies at 24, 48 and 72 h. We also compared the clinical features and serum zinc levels in 29 CAM cases and 28 COVID‐19 subjects without mucormycosis (controls).ResultsWe tested eight isolates of R arrhizus and noted a visible increase in growth in zinc‐enriched media. A viable count percentage showed a significantly increased growth in four of the eight isolates in zinc‐augmented DRBC agar. A time‐ and concentration‐dependent increase in the mean fungal biomass with zinc was observed in all three isolates tested. We enrolled 29 cases of CAM and 28 controls. The mean serum zinc concentration was below the reference range in all the subjects and was not significantly different between the cases and controls.ConclusionsHalf of the R arrhizus isolates grew better with zinc enrichment in vitro. However, our study does not conclusively support the hypothesis that zinc supplementation contributed to the pathogenesis of mucormycosis. More data, both in vitro and in vivo, may resolve the role of zinc in the pathogenesis of CAM.
Inselutopie als ästhetisches Konzept der literarischen Moderne
Authors: Peštová Alžběta 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungDie textanalytische Untersuchung von österreichischen literarischen Utopien aus dem Zeitraum 1880 bis 1914 bleibt bis heute weitgehend auf wenige kanonische Autoren und Texte (Theodor Herzl, Theodor Hertzka, Bertha von Suttner) begrenzt, da weite Teile der in der Monarchie entstandenen literarischer Utopie‐ und Zukunftsentwürfe als Trivial‐ oder Schemaliteratur gelten. In dieser Fallstudie wird die Erzählung Lao (1909) von Hans Müller‐Einigen aufgegriffen, in der die narrativen Schemata traditioneller Utopien mit dem diskursiven Pool der Wiener Moderne kombiniert werden. Der Text erweist sich dabei als ein vielschichtiges Konstrukt, das Lesarten im Sinne einer vitalistischen „Lebensideologie‟ (Lindner, 1994) und einer narzisstischen Poetologie der literarischen Moderne (Li, 2016) erlaubt. Letztlich wird die Erzählung so zur autopoetischen Absage des Autors an seine bisherige ästhetizistische Programmatik. Die zeittypischen Tendenzen zur Verzeitlichung (Voßkamp, 2018) und Verlagerung der Utopie/Dystopie in die Zukunft sowie der vorherrschende Trend eugenischer und sozial‐politischer Weltentwürfe wird von Müller‐Einigen durch ein rein aufs Ästhetische orientiertes Gemeinschaftsmodell unterlaufen, was zudem auf die Notwendigkeit hinweist, die literaturwissenschaftliche Utopie‐Forschung über den üblichen Rahmen der schematischen Untersuchung gattungskonstituierender Merkmale hinaus zu erweitern.1
Does hospitalisation impact the successful ageing of community‐dwelling older adults?: A propensity score matching analysis using the Korean national survey data
Authors: Lee Ji Yeon , Kim Bora , Lee Kyung Hee , Park Chang Gi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesFor community‐dwelling older adults with hospitalisation experience, it is necessary to be strategic when promoting successful ageing. This study aimed to investigate whether components of successful ageing (i.e., diseases and complications, functions and engagement with life) differ according to hospitalisation experience in community‐dwelling older adults.MethodsA secondary data analysis with the Korean national survey was performed. Using propensity score matching, 1812 older adults with hospitalisation experience were matched to 1812 older adults without hospitalisation experience. Sampling weight of the survey was considered for all statistical analyses.ResultsThe hospitalisation experienced group had more chronic illnesses, malnourishment, impairment in physical function, and depressive symptoms, and less activity in terms of working and social activities. There were no differences in cognitive function or religious activities.ConclusionsOlder adults with hospitalisation experience were less likely to experience successful ageing. To facilitate successful ageing of community‐dwelling older adults with hospitalisation experience, nursing interventions for effective transitional care to encourage the use of community resources and participation in social activities are needed.
An observational study of hand‐to‐face contact via videotaping of Korean older people in daily life settings
Authors: Oh Hyang Soon , Jeong Sun Young , Ryu Mikyung , Yang Youngran 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to quantify hand‐to‐face contact (HFC) and identify the related factors that influence HFC in the daily life of Korean older people.MethodsFrom November 20–December 4, 2018, 30 older people were enrolled and were each videotaped for their daily activities for two hours in total. The videotaped HFC data were classified by frequency, duration, site of contact, and as self‐contact with membranes (eye, nose and mouth) or non‐membranes (head, forehead, chin, cheek and ear).ResultsOf the 4826 self‐contacts, 1311 HFC (560 membrane contacts [42.7%], 751 non‐membrane contacts [57.3%]) were observed in 60 person‐hours. The mean contact frequency (mean/person) of membrane and non‐membrane contact was 18.7 times (nose, 9.3; mouth, 5.7; and eye, 3.6) and 24.6 (highest with the chin, 8.5), respectively. The mean contact duration (seconds/contact) for membrane and non‐membrane contacts was 3.4 s (nose, 3.1; mouth, 3.7; and eye, 3.0) and 6.3 s (highest with the chin, 8.2), respectively. Contact exposure (frequency‐duration/second/person) of the membrane and non‐membrane was 3510.7 (nose, 1002.3; mouth, 639.3; and eye, 92.3) and 11,727.1 (highest with the chin, 2,965.6), respectively. The frequency and duration of HFC differed by age, economic activity and household income.ConclusionsHFC was highest at the nose in Korean older people, followed by the mouth. Consequently, education about avoiding HFC of the nose and hygienic care of the nose should be a nursing priority. Awareness of the risks of HFC and the prophylactic effects of vigorous hand hygiene should be strengthened among the elderly to prevent the spread of infectious diseases via hand contact.
Harnessing nursing to diminish ageism
Authors: Dahlke Sherry , Hunter Kathleen F. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe common practice of making fun of aging and older people demonstrates that ageism towards older people is socially acceptable. It is so accepted that even those of us who are aging or have moved into the ‘third act’ believe and fear the negative stereotypes that growing old is linked with physical and mental deterioration, dependence, and less social value. Ageism is evident in work places, family relationships, when older people purchase goods and services, in health and social institutions and extends throughout professions that work with older people.ObjectivesWe explore how nurses—the largest group of healthcare professions— may be inadvertently perpetuating negative perceptions about older people in nursing practice, nursing education, and through common misconceptions about what gerontological nursing means.MethodsThis is discussion paper using the literature.ResultsWe suggest that nursing education is well situated to diminish negative perspectives of ageing by incorporating theories of life‐course and harmonious aging into the holistic perspective of individuals that nursing is well known for.ConclusionsGreater understanding about the diversity of ageing and the context that have influenced older persons could encourage nurses to treat them holistically with dignity, which would ultimately improve older people’s experiences. Improving older persons’ experiences is like paying it forward, as we all are ageing and if we are to have a different experience when we are old, it is necessary to diminish stereotypes about ageing, and work towards inclusion of older people in social and healthcare institutions.Implications for practiceIt is important for nurses, particularly those in nursing education, to support the incorporation of a life course and harmonious view of aging in which the social, political, and environmental context of individuals are viewed as part of the difference of ageing.
Early findings after integration of donor‐derived cell‐free DNA into clinical care following pediatric heart transplantation
Authors: Feingold Brian , Rose‐Felker Kirsten , West Shawn C. , Zinn Matthew D. , Berman Pamela , Moninger Allison , Huston Allison , Stinner Brenda , Xu Qingyong , Zeevi Adriana , Miller Susan A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundEndomyocardial biopsy (EMB) is costly and discomforting yet remains a key component of surveillance after pediatric heart transplantation (HT). Donor‐derived cell‐free DNA (dd‐cfDNA) has been histologically validated with high negative predictive value, offering an alternative to surveillance EMB (sEMB).MethodsWe implemented an alternative surveillance protocol using commercially available dd‐cfDNA assays in place of sEMB after pediatric HT. Recipients ≧7 months post‐HT with reassuring clinical assessment were referred for dd‐cfDNA. When not elevated above the manufacturers' threshold, sEMB was deferred. Subsequent clinical status and results of follow‐up EMB were analyzed.ResultsOver 17 months, 58 recipients [34% female, median age at HT 3.1 years (IQR 0.6–10.6)] had dd‐cfDNA assessed per protocol. Median age was 14.8 years (8.4–18.3) and time from HT 6.0 years (2.2–11.2). Forty‐seven (81%) had non‐elevated dd‐cfDNA and 11 (19%) were elevated. During a median of 8.7 months (4.2–15), all are alive without allograft loss/new dysfunction. Among those with non‐elevated dd‐cfDNA, 24 (51%) had subsequent sEMB at 12.1 months (6.9–12.9) with 23 showing no acute rejection (AR): grade 0R/pAMR0 (n = 16); 1R(1A)/pAMR0 (n = 7). One had AR (grade 2R(3A)/pAMR0) on follow‐up sEMB after decreased immunosuppression following a diagnosis of PTLD. All 11 with elevated dd‐cfDNA had reflex EMB at 19 days (12–32) with AR in 4: grade 1R(1B‐2)/pAMR0 (n = 3); 1R(1B)/pAMR2 (n = 1).Conclusionsdd‐cfDNA assessment in place of selected, per‐protocol EMB decreased surveillance EMB by 81% in our pediatric HT recipient cohort with no short‐term adverse outcomes. Individual center approach to surveillance EMB will influence the utility of these findings.
Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT) as a Disinfection and Biomodulation Approach in Implant Dentistry
Authors: de Souza Rastelli Alessandra Nara 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis article is a highlight of the paper by Choe et al. in this issue of Photochemistry and Photobiology. In that review paper, the disinfection and biomodulation outcomes promoted by antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) on peri‐implantitis infection were stated and discussed. The killing of the oral pathogens by aPDT is based on the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Besides that, biomodulation can also be provided by aPDT and improve the healing and modulate the inflammatory process. Although aPDT has shown positive effects on the treatment of peri‐implantitis disease mainly as a complimentary technique, the authors suggested that more and standardize clinical studies are needed to support the clinical application of aPDT for that purpose. Also, the standardization of parameters related to the light source and photosensitizers is required. In addition, nano‐based materials may improve aPDT performance against oral biofilms and could increase the hopes of overcoming dental implant failures.
Ultraviolet A phototest positivity is associated with higher free erythrocyte protoporphyrin IX concentration and lower transferrin saturation values in erythropoietic protoporphyria
Authors: Genovese Giovanni , Maronese Carlo Alberto , Moltrasio Chiara , Piccinno Roberta , Marletta Dario Antonio , De Luca Giacomo , Graziadei Giovanna , Granata Francesca , Di Pierro Elena , Cappellini Maria Domenica , Marzano Angelo Valerio 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundErythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) is a rare disorder of heme biosynthesis hallmarked by early‐onset photosensitivity and mainly due to defective ferrochelatase activity leading to increased erythrocyte protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) levels. Evidence regarding the relationship between erythrocyte PPIX concentration and photosensitivity is limited.MethodsTo investigate the relationship between free erythrocyte PPIX (FEP) concentration; routine laboratory tests, particularly iron metabolism biomarkers; and ultraviolet (UV) A/visible light phototesting findings, 20 genetically confirmed EPP and one XLPP treatment‐naive patients were included in our study. They underwent UVA and visible light phototesting. On the same day, blood samples were collected for measurement of FEP, serum iron, transferrin, transferrin saturation, and ferritin, 25‐hydroxyvitamin D, and liver enzyme levels.ResultsMedian FEP concentration at the time of phototesting was 57.50 (IQR: 34.58‐102.70) μg/g of Hb. UVA and visible light phototesting were positive in 9 (42.9%) and 8 (38.1%) patients, respectively. Median FEP concentration was significantly higher in UVA phototest–positive patients than in those negative (64.37 [IQR: 57.45‐121.82] vs 45.35 [IQR: 24.53‐74.61] μg/g of Hb, respectively; P = .04486). Similarly, UVA photosensitive individuals had significantly lower median serum iron levels (61.5 [IQR: 33.5‐84] μg/dL vs 109 [IQR: 63.25‐154] μg/dL, respectively; P = .01862) and transferrin saturation values (15.005 [IQR: 7.0775‐18.41] % vs 29.645 [IQR: 17.8225‐34.3575] %; P = .0109) than those negative.ConclusionsOur study demonstrates that UVA phototest positivity is associated with higher FEP concentration and lower transferrin saturation and serum iron concentration in EPP.
Fertility responses of a native grass: technology supporting native plant production for restoration in Brazil
Authors: de Oliveira Ana C. C. , Forti Victor A. , Viani Ricardo A. G. 
Published: August 2021

The UN “Decade on ecosystem restoration” demands urgent actions to bring back native ecosystems from degraded lands. Tree seedlings are widely available for restoration plantings. However, the lack of other life forms available in commercial nurseries constraints grassy biomes restoration. The use of fertilizers is widely common to grow tree seedlings in nurseries and the current technology could be useful to grow native grasses in nurseries and turn the planting technique feasible to restore grassy biomes, such as the Cerrado in Brazil. In this study, we examined the growth and nutritional responses to nutrient availability of the native grassSchizachyrium sanguineumproduced in nursery. We produced seedlings by germinated seeds ofS. sanguineumon seedbeds containing sand and, after emergence, transferring the plants to 290‐cm3plastic tubes containing commercial substrate (CS) added with 0, 1, 3, 5, or 7 g/L of controlled‐release fertilizer (CRF, NPK 15‐09‐12) and non‐fertilized native soil (NS). After 90 days, we found high seedling survival (>98%) in all trials. In spite of lower nutrient availability, the NS promoted higher seedling tillering and relative height and biomass growths than the non‐fertilized CS. However, in general, seedlings showed increased growth, and shoot P and K concentrations with an increase in CRF rates, up to approximately 5 g/L. In addition, higher CRF rates allowed faster grow ofS. sanguineumseedlings. Ultimately, we found thatS. sanguineumresponds positively to fertilization, despite being native from nutrient‐poor soil of Cerrado.
Scattering and inverse scattering for the AKNS system: A rational function approach
Authors: Trogdon Thomas 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe consider the use of rational basis functions to compute the scattering and inverse scattering transforms associated with the AKNS (Ablowitz–Kaup–Newell–Segur) system. The proposed numerical forward scattering transform computes the solution of the AKNS system that is valid on the entire real axis and thereby computes a reflection coefficient at a point by solving a single linear system. The proposed numerical inverse scattering transform makes use of a novel improvement in the rational function approach to the oscillatory Cauchy operator, enabling the efficient solution of certain Riemann–Hilbert problems without contour deformations. The latter development enables access to high‐precision computations and this is demonstrated on the inverse scattering transform for the one‐dimensional Schrödinger operator with a potential.
Multiple orthogonal polynomials with respect to Gauss' hypergeometric function
Authors: Lima Hélder , Loureiro Ana 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA new set of multiple orthogonal polynomials of both type I and type II with respect to two weight functions involving Gauss' hypergeometric function on the interval (0,1) is studied. This type of polynomials has direct applications in the investigation of singular values of products of Ginibre random matrices and are connected with branched continued fractions and total‐positivity problems in combinatorics. The pair of orthogonality measures is shown to be a Nikishin system and to satisfy a matrix Pearson‐type differential equation. The focus is on the polynomials whose indices lie on the step‐line, for which it is shown that the differentiation gives a shift in the parameters, therefore satisfying Hahn's property. We obtain Rodrigues‐type formulas for type I polynomials and functions, while a more detailed characterization is given for the type II polynomials (aka 2‐orthogonal polynomials) that include an explicit expression as a terminating hypergeometric series, a third‐order differential equation, and a third‐order recurrence relation. The asymptotic behavior of their recurrence coefficients mimics those of Jacobi–Piñeiro polynomials, based on which their asymptotic zero distribution and a Mehler–Heine asymptotic formula near the origin are given. Particular choices of the parameters and confluence relations give some known systems such as special cases of the Jacobi–Piñeiro polynomials, Jacobi‐type 2‐orthogonal polynomials, components of the cubic decomposition of threefold symmetric Hahn‐classical polynomials, and multiple orthogonal polynomials with respect to confluent hypergeometric functions of the second kind.
On nonstandard chemotactic dynamics with logistic growth induced by a modified complex Ginzburg–Landau equation
Authors: López José Luis 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we derive a variant of the classical Keller–Segel model of chemotaxis incorporating a growth term of logistic type for the cell population , say with , and a nonstandard chemical production–degradation mechanism involving first‐ and second‐order derivatives of the logarithm of the cell density, say with , via the ()‐hydrodynamical system associated with a modified Ginzburg–Landau equation governing the evolution of the complex wavefunction . In a chemotactic context, will play the role of the concentration of chemical substance. Then, after carrying out a detailed analysis of the modulational stability of uniform‐in‐space plane waves, dark soliton‐shaped traveling wave densities of the former system are constructed from solitary wave solutions of the latter.