bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NIN is essential for development of symbiosomes, suppression of defence and premature senescence in Medicago truncatula nodules
Authors: Liu Jieyu , Rasing Menno , Zeng Tian , Klein Joël , Kulikova Olga , Bisseling Ton 
Published: January 2021

Summary

NIN (NODULE INCEPTION) is a transcription factor that plays a key role during root nodule initiation. However, its role in later nodule developmental stages is unclear.

Both NIN mRNA and protein accumulated at the highest level in the proximal part of the infection zone in Medicago truncatula nodules. Two nin weak allele mutants, nin‐13/16, form a rather normal nodule infection zone, whereas a fixation zone is not formed. Instead, a zone with defence responses and premature senescence occurred and symbiosome development gets arrested.

Mutations in nin‐13/16 resulted in a truncated NIN lacking the conserved PB1 domain. However, this did not cause the nodule phenotype as nin mutants expressing NINΔPB1 formed wild‐type‐like nodule. The phenotype is likely to be caused by reduced NIN mRNA levels in the cytoplasm. Transcriptome analyses of nin‐16 nodules showed that expression levels of defence/senescence‐related genes are markedly increased, whereas the levels of defence suppressing genes are reduced. Although defence/senescence seems well suppressed in the infection zone, the transcriptome is already markedly changed in the proximal part of infection zone.

In addition to its function in infection and nodule organogenesis, NIN also plays a major role at the transition from infection to fixation zone in establishing a functional symbiosis.
A mis‐regulated cyclic nucleotide‐gated channel mediates cytosolic calcium elevation and activates immunity in Arabidopsis
Authors: Zhao Chunhui , Tang Yinhua , Wang Junli , Zeng Yanhong , Sun Hequan , Zheng Zichao , Su Rong , Schneeberger Korbinian , Parker Jane E. , Cui Haitao 
Published: January 2021

Summary

Calcium (Ca2+) is a second messenger for plant cell surface and intracellular receptors mediating pattern‐triggered and effector‐triggered immunity (respectively, PTI and ETI). Several CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE‐GATED CHANNELS (CNGCs) were shown to control transient cytosolic Ca2+ influx upon PTI activation. The contributions of specific CNGC members to PTI and ETI remain unclear.

ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBLITY1 (EDS1) regulates ETI signaling. In an Arabidopsis genetic screen for suppressors of eds1, we identify a recessive gain‐of‐function mutation in CNGC20, denoted cngc20‐4, which partially restores disease resistance in eds1.

cngc20‐4 enhances PTI responses and ETI hypersensitive cell death. A cngc20‐4 single mutant exhibits autoimmunity, which is dependent on genetically parallel EDS1 and salicylic acid (SA) pathways. CNGC20 self‐associates, forms heteromeric complexes with CNGC19, and is phosphorylated and stabilized by BOTRYTIS INDUCED KINASE1 (BIK1). The cngc20‐4 L371F exchange on a predicted transmembrane channel inward surface does not disrupt these interactions but leads to increased cytosolic Ca2+ accumulation, consistent with mis‐regulation of CNGC20 Ca2+‐permeable channel activity.

Our data show that ectopic Ca2+ influx caused by a mutant form of CNGC20 in cngc20‐4 affects both PTI and ETI responses. We conclude that tight control of the CNGC20 Ca2+ ion channel is important for regulated immunity.
Hypoxia, energy balance, and obesity: An update
Authors: Kayser Bengt , Verges Samuel 
Published: January 2021

SummaryBecause of the enduring rise in the prevalence of obesity worldwide, there is continued interest in hypoxia as a mechanism underlying the pathophysiology of obesity and its comorbidities and as a potential therapeutic adjunct for the management of the disease. Lifelong exposure to altitude is accompanied by a lower risk for obesity, whereas altitude sojourns are generally associated with a loss of body mass. A negative energy balance upon exposure to hypoxia can be due to a combination of changes in determinants of energy expenditure (resting metabolic rate and physical activity energy expenditure) and energy intake (appetite). Over the past 15 years, the potential therapeutic interest of hypobaric or normobaric hypoxic exposure in individuals with obesity—to lower body mass and improve health status—has become an active field of research. Various protocols have been implemented, using actual altitude sojourns or intermittent normobaric hypoxic exposures, at rest or in association with physical activity. Although several studies suggest benefits on body mass and cardiovascular and metabolic variables, further investigations are required before recommending hypoxic exposure in obesity management programs. Future studies should also better clarify the effects of hypoxia on appetite, the intestinal microbiota, and finally on overall energy balance.
Registered nurses’ reflections on their educational preparation to work with older people
Authors: Dahlke Sherry , Kalogirou Maya R. , Swoboda Nicholas L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundNegative perceptions about working with older people within nursing contribute to the deficit of educators with expertise to teach student nurses, and nurses graduating ill‐equipped to work with the ageing population. The perceptions of nurses who have recently graduated from a nursing programme can provide insights into what they wished they knew about working with older people before they graduated.MethodsA qualitative descriptive study design examined recently graduated registered nurses’ reflections on their education preparation to work with older people. Content and thematic analysis was used to develop the themes of first impressions and preparation to work with older people.ResultsKey findings were that nurses did not recognise the importance of learning about older people until they had graduated. Only then did they realise that the ageing population was so complex and prevalent. They perceived a lack of education particularly related to working with older people with dementia and their behaviours, as well as learning how to communicate to an older population. Participants perceived that as students, it was up to them to fit in learning about working with older people without the support of faculty.ConclusionsFaculty need to be supported in learning how to best incorporate content about older people into their curriculum. This could include the development of learning activities that dispel negative stereotypes about ageing and facilitates interest in older people, as this is the population, students are most likely to work with when they graduate.Implications for practiceNurses in practice may require education on working with people with dementia as it is a deficit in nursing programmes.
Extreme Exposure to Filtered Far‐UVC: A Case Study†
Authors: Eadie Ewan , Barnard Isla M. R. , Ibbotson Sally H. , Wood Kenneth 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFar‐UVC devices are being commercially sold as “safe for humans” for the inactivation of SARS‐CoV‐2, without supporting human safety data. We felt there was a need for rapid proof‐of‐concept human self‐exposure, to inform future controlled research and promote informed discussion. A Fitzpatrick Skin Type II individual exposed their inner forearms to large radiant exposures from a filtered Krypton‐Chloride (KrCl) far‐UVC system (SafeZoneUVC, Ushio Inc., Tokyo, Japan) with peak emission at 222 nm. No visible skin changes were observed at 1500 mJ cm−2; whereas, skin yellowing that appeared immediately and resolved within 24 h occurred with a 6000 mJ cm−2 exposure. No erythema was observed at any time point with exposures up to 18 000 mJ cm−2. These results combined with Monte Carlo Radiative Transfer computer modeling suggest that filtering longer ultraviolet wavelengths is critical for the human skin safety of far‐UVC devices. This work also contributes to growing arguments for the exploration of exposure limit expansion, which would subsequently enable faster inactivation of viruses.
Pellagra a review exploring causes and mechanisms, including isoniazid‐induced pellagra
Authors: Prabhu Dhanashree , Dawe Robert S. , Mponda Kelvin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPellagra is a clinical syndrome caused by a deficiency of niacin (nicotinic acid) and/or its precursor tryptophan. The cardinal manifestations are 4 D’s: dermatitis, diarrhoea, dementia and in worst case death. Increased use of isoniazid prophylaxis along with antiretroviral therapy in countries where latent tuberculosis is common has been associated with increased presentations with pellagra.
Floral and pollination characteristics of Eriocaulon heleocharioides, an extinct species in the wild, for evidence‐based conservation management
Authors: Horiuchi Y. , Kamijo T. , Tanaka N. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Generally, floral characteristics and pollination are important factors enhancing the quality and quantity of reproductive output for regeneration in plant conservation. However, lack of evidence‐based management could decrease fitness under ex‐situ conservation. We investigated the capitulum and pollination characteristics of Eriocaulon heleocharioides Satake (Eriocaulaceae), which is extinct in the wild, to develop an evidence‐based conservation management plan incorporating previously ignored reproductive characteristics.

To evaluate the functional characteristics of capitula, pollen–ovule ratio, and reproductive status (maximum pollination success/florivory damage) were investigated along six flowering sequences of capitulum. To evaluate the effect of plant density on pollen transfer, high‐ and low‐density plots were established. Total deposited pollen on stigma, insect visitation, and visit duration per capitulum were observed.

A significantly lower pollen–ovule ratio was observed in the first of six capitula, reflecting higher female functionality. The highest pollination success was found in the second–fourth capitula, whereas florivory increased along the terminal capitula position. High plant density affected the pollen deposited on stigmas via insect visitation and low pollinator visit duration.

Different capitula in E. heleocharioides could have different effects: different sexual functionality, enhancement of reproductive output both in quality and quantity through active pollen transfer, and escaping from florivores. High plant density could facilitate outcross‐pollen transfer in E. heleocharioides. Multiple perspectives are important for determining potential reproductive success in ex‐situ conservation. Thus, density management reflecting capitulum characteristics could improve the efficiency of conservation efforts for E. heleocharioides.
A 12‐point checklist for surveillance of diseases of aquatic organisms: a novel approach to assist multidisciplinary teams in developing countries
Authors: Bondad‐Reantaso Melba G. , Fejzic Nihad , MacKinnon Brett , Huchzermeyer David , Seric‐Haracic Sabina , Mardones Fernando O. , Mohan Chadag Vishnumurthy , Taylor Nick , Jansen Mona Dverdal , Tavornpanich Saraya , Hao Bin , Huang Jie , Leaño Eduardo M. , Li Qing , Liang Yan , Dall’occo Andrea 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA 12‐point checklist in the design and practical application of active surveillance of diseases in aquatic organisms (farmed and wild) has been developed to serve as a methodological approach and guidance for a multidisciplinary team particularly in countries where surveillance expertise is limited. The checklist is based on a review of available main aquatic surveillance references and scientific literature and was further developed based on the outcomes of several aquaculture biosecurity project‐related workshops hosted by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. The checklist includes the following: (1) scenario setting; (2) defining surveillance objective; (3) defining the populations; (4) disease clustering; (5) case definition; (6) diagnostic testing; (7) study design and sampling; (8) data collection and management; (9) data analysis; (10) validation and quality assurance; (11) human and financial resources and logistics requirements; and (12) surveillance in the bigger picture. For a multidisciplinary approach to disease control, knowledge of fish biology, aquaculture systems and many aspects of aquaculture health management are required. Surveillance needs significant financial investment and must be supported by adequate diagnostic capability, information system management, legal framework and communication networks, with transparent reporting mechanisms to allow rapid disease response for serious diseases of aquatic organisms. It is a stepwise and pragmatic approach that offers a good starting point for addressing disease issues especially in developing countries. It can be used as a model to build targeted surveillance competency and a basic reference when implementing a surveillance programme or improving existing programmes.
An Automated Edge Computing-Based Condition Health Monitoring System: With an Application on Rolling Element Bearings
Authors: Tritschler Niklas , Dugenske Andrew , Kurfess Thomas 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A failure of rolling element bearings is a frequent cause of machine breakdowns and results in a production loss due to the sudden failure. A regular condition health monitoring and an associated detection of bearing defects in the early stages can be used to predict such sudden failures. To monitor the bearing's condition, the generated vibration signature can be analyzed, since rotating machines have, in most instances, a unique vibration signature that relates to their health status. Presently, bearing analysis of many machines results in significant cost and complexity due to a large amount of vibration data that must be analyzed. A condition health monitoring system (CMS) was developed to automate and simplify the whole process from the vibration measurement to the analysis results. Additionally, the CMS is embedded into an Internet of Things (IoT) architecture. Thereby, a location-independent control of the CMS, the vibration data, and the analysis results is possible. The embedding of sensors can cause communication problems from the sensor to the cloud due to the low bandwidth of sensors and the amount of data that must be transmitted. To overcome this issue, an edge device that acts as a gateway between the vibration sensor and the cloud is the core of the CMS. It measures the vibration signal locally, analyzes it automatically, and publishes a feedback as to the bearing condition to the cloud.
“A Really Strong Bond”: Coaches in Women Athletes’ Experiences of Inclusion in Parasport
Authors: Ferguson Jessica J. , Spencer Nancy L.I. 
Published: January 2021

Women within parasport experience discrimination due to marginalization associated with gender and disability. In this study, the authors gain the insights of women parasport athletes about the affordances and constraints to inclusion with an emphasis on the role of coaches, using an ecological approach. Guided by qualitative description, the authors conducted individual and focus group interviews with ten women experiencing disability to explore their experiences and perspectives of inclusion in parasport. Two primary themes were identified: (a) within parasport and (b) beyond parasport, emphasizing the critical role of relationships with coaches and athletes to experiences of inclusion. The discussion highlights the multilevel influences and specific barriers that challenge inclusion, such as few numbers of women athletes, the need for coach expertise, and co-ed playing environments. In doing so, the authors also offer specific recommendations for coaching in women’s parasport.
Late Quaternary sea level, isostatic response, and sediment dispersal along the Queen Charlotte fault
Authors: Barrie J. Vaughn , Greene H. Gary , Conway Kim W. , Brothers Daniel S. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The active Pacific margin of the Haida Gwaii and southeast Alaska has been subject to vigorous storm activity, dramatic sea-level change, and active tectonism since glacial times. Glaciation was minimal along the western shelf margin, except for large ice streams that formed glacial valleys to the shelf break between the major islands of southeast Alaska and Haida Gwaii. Upon deglaciation, sediment discharge was extensive, but it terminated quickly due to rapid glacial retreat and sea-level lowering with the development of a glacio-isostatic forebulge, coupled with eustatic lowering. Glacial sedimentation offshore ended soon after 15.0 ka. The shelf became emergent, with sea level lowering by, and possibly greater than, 175 m. The rapid transgression that followed began sometime before 12.7 ka off Haida Gwaii and 12.0 ka off southeast Alaska, and with the extreme wave-dominated environment, the unconsolidated sediment that was left on the shelf was effectively removed. Temperate carbonate sands make up the few sediment deposits presently found on the shelf.
The Queen Charlotte fault, which lies just below the shelf break for most of its length, was extensively gullied during this short period of significant sediment discharge, when sediment was transported though the glacial valleys and across the narrow shelf through fluvial and submarine channels and was deposited offshore as sea level dropped. The Queen Charlotte fault became the western terminus of the glacio-isostatic forebulge, with the fault acting as a hinged flap taking up the uplift and collapse along the fault of 70+ m. This may have resulted in the development of the distinctive fault valley that presently acts as a very linear channel pathway for sediment throughout the fault system.
Risk of morbidity and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor and/or dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor: a nationwide study
Authors: Sütő Gábor , Molnár Gergő A , Rokszin Gyorgy , Fábián Ibolya , Kiss Zoltan , Szekanecz Zoltán , Poór Gyula , Jermendy György , Kempler Peter , Wittmann István 
Published: January 2021

IntroductionMortality and disability in diabetes mellitus are determined mostly by cardiovascular complications and cancer. The impact of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4i) and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) monotherapy or combination on long-term complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus was studied.Research design and methodsPatients with type 2 diabetes treated with DPP-4i or SGLT2i during a 3-year period were identified in the database of the National Institute of Health Insurance Fund in Hungary. All-cause mortality, acute myocardial infarction, stroke, hospitalization for heart failure (HHF), lower limb amputation (LLA) and cancer were assessed. Outcomes of add-on SGLT2i to DPP-4i treatment in comparison with switching DPP-4i therapy to SGLT2i were also evaluated. After propensity score matching, survival analysis was performed with a Cox proportional hazards model.ResultsAfter propensity score matching, both SGLT2i and DPP-4i groups included 18 583 patients. All-cause mortality (HR, 0.80; 95% CI 0.68 to 0.94; p=0.0057), HHF (HR, 0.81; 95% CI 0.71 to 0.92; p=0.0018), and risk of cancer (HR, 0.75; 95% CI 0.66 to 0.86; p<0.0001) were lower in the SGLT2i population compared with DPP-4i. Risk of LLA was higher in the SGLT2i group (HR, 1.35; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.77; p=0.0315). SGLT2i in combination with DPP-4i results in lower all-cause mortality (HR, 0.46; 95% CI 0.31 to 0.67; p=0.0001), with a lower trend in stroke, LLA, HHF and cancer, but without any statistical difference.ConclusionsSGLT2i treatment leads to a lower risk of overall mortality, HHF and cancer when compared with DPP-4i treatment. Adding SGLT2i to DPP-4i instead of switching from DPP-4i to SGLT2i further lowers the risk of all-cause mortality.
Do the combined blood pressure effects of exercise and antihypertensive medications add up to the sum of their parts? A systematic meta-review
Authors: Pescatello Linda S , Wu Yin , Gao Simiao , Livingston Jill , Sheppard Bonny Bloodgood , Chen Ming-Hui 
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveTo compare the blood pressure (BP) effects of exercise alone (EXalone), medication alone (MEDSalone) and combined (EX+MEDScombined) among adults with hypertension.Data sourcesPubMed, Scopus, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, SPORTDiscus and the Cochrane Library.Eligibility criteriaRandomised controlled trails (RCTs) or meta-analyses (MAs) of controlled trials that: (1) involved healthy adults>18 year with hypertension; (2) investigated exercise and BP; (3) reported preintervention and postintervention BP and (4) were published in English. RCTs had an EX+MEDScombined arm; and an EXalone arm and/or an MEDSalone arm; and MAs performed moderator analyses.DesignA systematic network MA and meta-review with the evidence graded using the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans Advisory Committee system.OutcomeThe BP response for EXalone, MEDSalone and EX+MEDScombined and compared with each other.ResultsTwelve RCTs qualified with 342 subjects (60% women) who were mostly physically inactive, middle-aged to older adults. There were 13 qualifying MAs with 28 468 participants (~50% women) who were mostly Caucasian or Asian. Most RCTs were aerobic (83.3%), while the MAs involved traditional (46%) and alternative (54%) exercise types. Strong evidence demonstrates EXalone, MEDSalone and EX+MEDScombined reduce BP and EX+MEDScombined elicit BP reductions less than the sum of their parts. Strong evidence indicates EX+MEDScombined potentiate the BP effects of MEDSalone. Although the evidence is stronger for alternative than traditional types of exercise, EXaloneelicits greater BP reductions than MEDSalone.ConclusionsThe combined BP effects of exercise and medications are not additive or synergistic, but when combined they bolster the antihypertensive effects of MEDSalone.PROSPERO registration numberThe protocol is registered at PROSPERO CRD42020181754.
Disability pension and mortality in individuals with specific somatic and mental disorders: examining differences between refugees and Swedish-born individuals
Authors: Helgesson Magnus , Rahman Syed , Saboonchi Fredrik , Mittendorfer Rutz Ellenor 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundMore than half a million refugees have arrived to Sweden during the last decade. The aim was to investigate differences between refugees and Swedish-born individuals regarding different specific somatic and mental disorders, and subsequent disability pension and mortality.MethodsAll refugees (n=239 742) and Swedish-born individuals (n=4 133 898), aged 19–60 years, resident in Sweden on 31st of December in 2009 were included in this population-based prospective cohort study. Data from six nationwide Swedish registers were linked by the unique anonymised identification number. HRs with 95% CIs were computed for disability pension and mortality 2010–2013 by Cox regression models.ResultsCompared with their Swedish-born counterparts with mental or somatic diagnoses, refugees with these diagnoses had a higher risk of subsequent disability pension and a lower risk of mortality. Highest estimates for disability pension were seen for refugees with neoplasm (HR: 1.72; 95% CI: 1.56 to 1.91), musculoskeletal disorders (HR: 1.57; 95% CI: 1.47 to 1.67), diseases of the circulatory system (HR: 1.33; 95% CI: 1.22 to 1.45), depressive disorders (HR: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.21 to 1.41) and diabetes mellitus (HR: 1.30; 95% CI: 1.15 to 1.47). The risk of mortality was lowest for refugees with regard to bipolar disorders (HR: 0.37; 95% CI: 0.16 to 0.82), post-traumatic stress disorder (HR: 0.37; 95% CI: 0.25 to 0.54) and least pronounced in regard to neoplasm (HR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.61 to 0.77) compared with Swedish-born with similar disorders.ConclusionRefugees have a generally higher risk of disability pension compared with Swedish-born with specific somatic and mental disorders. Despite this, refugees with all specific disorders have lower risk estimates of mortality, probably due to a healthy selection. The higher risk of disability pension might therefore be due to other causes besides poor health.