bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Foodways and Foodwashing: Israeli Cookbooks and the Politics of Culinary Zionism
Authors: Baron Ilan Zvi , Press-Barnathan Galia 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe paper explores the political narratives produced in English-language Israeli cookbooks. We examine an understudied, yet central component of everyday international relations, everyday nationalism, and identity contestations as practiced through gastronomy, and highlight the dilemma between the different political uses of popular culture in the context of conflict resolution and resistance. Our argument identifies different narratives represented in what we term Culinary Zionism. One narrative is explicitly political, discusses Israeli cuisine as a foodway, and contributes to creating a space of, and a path for, coexistence and recognition of the Other. A second narrative is found in tourist-orientated cookbooks that offer a supposedly apolitical story of culinary tours in Israel. We problematize the political and normative implications of these narratives by exploring the potential role of these books to open space for dialogue and to increase the familiarity and interest of foreign audiences of Israel and the conflict. We contrast this possibility with their potential to what we term foodwashing, namely the process of using food to symbolically wash over violence and injustices (the violence of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in this case).
Robust suicide risk assessment on social media via deep adversarial learning
Authors: Sawhney Ramit , Joshi Harshit , Gandhi Saumya , Jin Di , Shah Rajiv Ratn 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objective
The prevalence of social media for sharing personal thoughts makes it a viable platform for the assessment of suicide risk. However, deep learning models are not able to capture the diverse nature of linguistic choices and temporal patterns that can be exhibited by a suicidal user on social media and end up overfitting on specific cues that are not generally applicable. We propose Adversarial Suicide assessment Hierarchical Attention (ASHA), a hierarchical attention model that employs adversarial learning for improving the generalization ability of the model.

Material and Methods
We assess the suicide risk of a social media user across 5 levels of increasing severity of risk. ASHA leverages a transformer-based architecture to learn the semantic nature of social media posts and a temporal attention-based long short-term memory architecture for the sequential modeling of a user’s historical posts. We dynamically generate adversarial examples by adding perturbations to actual examples that can simulate the stochasticity in historical posts, thereby making the model robust.

Results
Through extensive experiments, we establish the face-value of ASHA and show that it significantly outperforms existing baselines, with the F1 score of 64%. This is a 2% and a 4% increase over the ContextBERT and ContextCNN baselines, respectively. Finally, we discuss the practical applicability and ethical aspects of our work pertaining to ASHA, as a human-in-the-loop framework.

Discussion and Conclusions
Adversarial samples can be helpful in capturing the diverse nature of suicidal ideation. Through ASHA, we hope to form a component in a larger human-in-the-loop infrastructure for suicide risk assessment on social media.
Incorporating real-world evidence into the development of patient blood glucose prediction algorithms for the ICU
Authors: Fitzgerald Oisin , Perez-Concha Oscar , Gallego Blanca , Saxena Manoj K , Rudd Lachlan , Metke-Jimenez Alejandro , Jorm Louisa 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveGlycemic control is an important component of critical care. We present a data-driven method for predicting intensive care unit (ICU) patient response to glycemic control protocols while accounting for patient heterogeneity and variations in care.Materials and MethodsUsing electronic medical records (EMRs) of 18 961 ICU admissions from the MIMIC-III dataset, including 318 574 blood glucose measurements, we train and validate a gradient boosted tree machine learning (ML) algorithm to forecast patient blood glucose and a 95% prediction interval at 2-hour intervals. The model uses as inputs irregular multivariate time series data relating to recent in-patient medical history and glycemic control, including previous blood glucose, nutrition, and insulin dosing.ResultsOur forecasting model using routinely collected EMRs achieves performance comparable to previous models developed in planned research studies using continuous blood glucose monitoring. Model error, expressed as mean absolute percentage error is 16.5%–16.8%, with Clarke error grid analysis demonstrating that 97% of predictions would be clinically acceptable. The 95% prediction intervals achieve near intended coverage at 93%–94%.DiscussionML algorithms built on observational data sources, such as EMRs, present a promising approach for personalization and automation of glycemic control in critical care. Future research may benefit from applying a combination of methodologies and data sources to develop robust methodologies that account for the variations seen in ICU patients and difficultly in detecting the extremes of observed blood glucose values.ConclusionWe demonstrate that EMRs can be used to train ML algorithms that may be suitable for incorporation into ICU decision support systems.
The Ambivalence of the Hindus: The Buddha as Avatāra of Viṣṇu in the Mahāpurāṇas and Beyond
Authors: Clough Bradley S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article examines the formation of Vaiṣṇava theology’s conception of the Buddha as an avatāra or ‘divine incarnation’ of their Supreme Lord Viṣṇu, with a focus on the mahāpurāṇas. My aim is to move beyond the synthetic kinds of treatment that have typified most of the scholarly investigations of this phenomenon, by attending more closely to the dynamic historical development of the Buddhāvatāra idea than previous efforts appear to have done. Contrary to conclusions drawn by earlier studies, which assert that this concept followed decidedly unidirectional and unvarying patterns of development, the thesis that I will support maintains that great variety and ambivalence is evident in this idea’s creation and articulation in these vitally central Hindu scriptures.
Dosimetry of radon progeny deposited on skin in air and thermal water
Authors: Sakoda Akihiro , Ishimori Yuu , Kanzaki Norie , Tanaka Hiroshi , Kataoka Takahiro , Mitsunobu Fumihiro , Yamaoka Kiyonori 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
It is held that the skin dose from radon progeny is not negligibly small and that introducing cancer is a possible consequence under normal circumstances as there are a number of uncertainties in terms of related parameters such as activity concentrations in air and water, target cells in skin, skin covering materials, and deposition velocities. An interesting proposal has emerged in that skin exposure to natural radon-rich thermal water as part of balneotherapy can produce an immune response to induce beneficial health effects. The goal of this study was to obtain generic dose coefficients with a focus on the radon progeny deposited on the skin in air or water in relation to risk or treatment assessments. We thus first estimated the skin deposition velocities of radon progeny in air and thermal water based on data from the latest human studies. Skin dosimetry was then performed under different assumptions regarding alpha-emitting source position and target cell (i.e. basal cells or Langerhans cells). Furthermore, the impact of the radon progeny deposition on effective doses from all exposure pathways relating to ‘radon exposure’ was assessed using various possible scenarios. It was found that in both exposure media, effective doses from radon progeny inhalation are one to four orders of magnitude higher than those from the other pathways. In addition, absorbed doses on the skin can be the highest among all pathways when the radon activity concentrations in water are two or more orders of magnitude higher than those in air.
Moderating Uncertainty: The Reception of Refugee Children in the German Early Childhood Education and Care Sector
Authors: Scholz Antonia 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Located at the crossroads of integration and early childhood education and care (ECEC) policies, this article draws on empirical research conducted from the perspective of ECEC centres to provide insights into the local reception of refugee children in Germany. In recent years, the ECEC sector in Germany has faced the challenge of organizing access to childcare for many newly arrived children and their families—a process that has been shaped by uncertainty for policymakers and service providers alike. The article analyses data from the first survey among ECEC centres throughout Germany on this topic. It sheds light on enrolment patterns of refugee children, admission procedures, support structures and local collaboration. The results reveal the uncertainties that ECEC centres faced after the 2015 ‘refugee crisis’, and their diverse approaches. To better understand the role of ECEC centres as crucial actors in local integration processes, a conceptualization as ‘street-level’ organizations is suggested.
Mycobacterium mucogenicum Infection in a Patient with an Open Fracture: A Case Report
Authors: Li Wanxiang , Li Min , Liu Mi , Ma Jie 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Mycobacterium mucogenicum is a nontuberculous mycobacterium that is ubiquitous in nature. However, M. mucogenicum infection in patients with orthopedic trauma is rarely reported in the literature. Herein, we describe a 48 year old male Han Chinese patient whose right leg was squeezed by agricultural machinery, resulting in open tibial fractures. Postoperative antimicrobial treatment was administered because the wound had been contaminated by soil. However, no long-term wound closure occurred, and a culture of the wound exudation tested positive for M. mucogenicum. We established the clinical treatment plan according to the characteristics and drug sensitivity test results of M. mucogenicum, and the patient was discharged uneventfully. Increasingly, more reports of infection caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria are being published; however, to our knowledge, this is the first report of an orthopedic infection caused by M. mucogenicum. Because the treatment process of M. mucogenicum infection is long and complex, isolation and identification of M. mucogenicum are of great significance to effective clinical treatment.
The Evolution of Sox Gene Repertoires and Regulation of Segmentation in Arachnids
Authors: Baudouin-Gonzalez Luis , Schoenauer Anna , Harper Amber , Blakeley Grace , Seiter Michael , Arif Saad , Sumner-Rooney Lauren , Russell Steven , Sharma Prashant P , McGregor Alistair P 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The Sox family of transcription factors regulates many processes during metazoan development, including stem cell maintenance and nervous system specification. Characterizing the repertoires and roles of these genes can therefore provide important insights into animal evolution and development. We further characterized the Sox repertoires of several arachnid species with and without an ancestral whole-genome duplication and compared their expression between the spider Parasteatoda tepidariorum and the harvestman Phalangium opilio. We found that most Sox families have been retained as ohnologs after whole-genome duplication and evidence for potential subfunctionalization and/or neofunctionalization events. Our results also suggest that Sox21b-1 likely regulated segmentation ancestrally in arachnids, playing a similar role to the closely related SoxB gene, Dichaete, in insects. We previously showed that Sox21b-1 is required for the simultaneous formation of prosomal segments and sequential addition of opisthosomal segments in P. tepidariorum. We studied the expression and function of Sox21b-1 further in this spider and found that although this gene regulates the generation of both prosomal and opisthosomal segments, it plays different roles in the formation of these tagmata reflecting their contrasting modes of segmentation and deployment of gene regulatory networks with different architectures.
Ablation of Mto1 in zebrafish exhibited hypertrophic cardiomyopathy manifested by mitochondrion RNA maturation deficiency
Authors: Zhang Qinghai , He Xiao , Yao Shihao , Lin Tianxiang , Zhang Luwen , Chen Danni , Chen Chao , Yang Qingxian , Li Feng , Zhu Yi-Min , Guan Min-Xin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDeficient maturations of mitochondrial transcripts are linked to clinical abnormalities but their pathophysiology remains elusive. Previous investigations showed that pathogenic variants in MTO1 for the biosynthesis of τm5U of tRNAGlu, tRNAGln, tRNALys, tRNATrp and tRNALeu(UUR) were associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Using mto1 knock-out(KO) zebrafish generated by CRISPR/Cas9 system, we demonstrated the pleiotropic effects of Mto1 deficiency on mitochondrial RNA maturations. The perturbed structure and stability of tRNAs caused by mto1 deletion were evidenced by conformation changes and sensitivity to S1-mediated digestion of tRNAGln, tRNALys, tRNATrp and tRNALeu(UUR). Notably, mto1KO zebrafish exhibited the global decreases in the aminoacylation of mitochondrial tRNAs with the taurine modification. Strikingly, ablated mto1 mediated the expression of MTPAP and caused the altered polyadenylation of cox1, cox3, and nd1 mRNAs. Immunoprecipitation assay indicated the interaction of MTO1 with MTPAP related to mRNA polyadenylation. These alterations impaired mitochondrial translation and reduced activities of oxidative phosphorylation complexes. These mitochondria dysfunctions caused heart development defects and hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes and myocardial fiber disarray in ventricles. These cardiac defects in the mto1KO zebrafish recapitulated the clinical phenotypes in HCM patients carrying the MTO1 mutation(s). Our findings highlighted the critical role of MTO1 in mitochondrial transcript maturation and their pathological consequences in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
The Pif1 helicase is actively inhibited during meiotic recombination which restrains gene conversion tract length
Authors: Vernekar Dipti Vinayak , Reginato Giordano , Adam Céline , Ranjha Lepakshi , Dingli Florent , Marsolier Marie-Claude , Loew Damarys , Guérois Raphaël , Llorente Bertrand , Cejka Petr , Borde Valérie 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Meiotic recombination ensures proper chromosome segregation to form viable gametes and results in gene conversions events between homologs. Conversion tracts are shorter in meiosis than in mitotically dividing cells. This results at least in part from the binding of a complex, containing the Mer3 helicase and the MutLβ heterodimer, to meiotic recombination intermediates. The molecular actors inhibited by this complex are elusive. The Pif1 DNA helicase is known to stimulate DNA polymerase delta (Pol δ) -mediated DNA synthesis from D-loops, allowing long synthesis required for break-induced replication. We show that Pif1 is also recruited genome wide to meiotic DNA double-strand break (DSB) sites. We further show that Pif1, through its interaction with PCNA, is required for the long gene conversions observed in the absence of MutLβ recruitment to recombination sites. In vivo, Mer3 interacts with the PCNA clamp loader RFC, and in vitro, Mer3-MutLβ ensemble inhibits Pif1-stimulated D-loop extension by Pol δ and RFC-PCNA. Mechanistically, our results suggest that Mer3-MutLβ may compete with Pif1 for binding to RFC-PCNA. Taken together, our data show that Pif1’s activity that promotes meiotic DNA repair synthesis is restrained by the Mer3-MutLβ ensemble which in turn prevents long gene conversion tracts and possibly associated mutagenesis.
The HIV-1 nucleocapsid chaperone protein forms locally compacted globules on long double-stranded DNA
Authors: Jiang Kai , Humbert Nicolas , K.K. Sriram , Rouzina Ioulia , Mely Yves , Westerlund Fredrik 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The nucleocapsid (NC) protein plays key roles in Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 (HIV-1) replication, notably by condensing and protecting the viral RNA genome and by chaperoning its reverse transcription into double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). Recent findings suggest that integration of viral dsDNA into the host genome, and hence productive infection, is linked to a small subpopulation of viral complexes where reverse transcription was completed within the intact capsid. Therefore, the synthesized dsDNA has to be tightly compacted, most likely by NC, to prevent breaking of the capsid in these complexes. To investigate NC’s ability to compact viral dsDNA, we here characterize the compaction of single dsDNA molecules under unsaturated NC binding conditions using nanofluidic channels. Compaction is shown to result from accumulation of NC at one or few compaction sites, which leads to small dsDNA condensates. NC preferentially initiates compaction at flexible regions along the dsDNA, such as AT-rich regions and DNA ends. Upon further NC binding, these condensates develop into a globular state containing the whole dsDNA molecule. These findings support NC’s role in viral dsDNA compaction within the mature HIV-1 capsid and suggest a possible scenario for the gradual dsDNA decondensation upon capsid uncoating and NC loss.
Letter to the editor regarding “Omega-3 fats in pregnancy: could a targeted approach lead to better metabolic health for children?”
Authors: Rice Harry B , Bannenberg Gerard 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The purpose of our letter to the editor is to offer additional perspective regarding 4 statements that do not fully represent the totality of the available scientific evidence. The 4 statements are as follows: (1) “Multiple studies have shown that n-3 PUFA products frequently have less n-3 PUFA content than labelled”; (2) “Recently, krill oil supplementation was shown to induce insulin resistance, indicating that it is potentially harmful”; (3) “… fish oil products are frequently oxidized at the time of purchase”; and (4) “In rats, supplementation with oxidized fish oil during pregnancy induced persistent maternal insulin resistance and increased neonatal mortality rate.” We respectfully request the authors’ future publications consider the totality of the available scientific evidence.
Police Treatment of the Public in Police Stations: Evidence from Zaria, Nigeria
Authors: Arisukwu Ogadimma , Adebisi Tunde , Igbolekwu Chisaa , Asamu Festus 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The police occupy a very important position in the entire criminal justice system in Nigeria. The nature of police relationship with the people and the manner in which the public were handled at the station and on the street daily within the community affects the way the people perceive them and the level of cooperation they get from the people in curbing crime in the society. The study took place in Zaria, Kaduna state, Northern Nigeria. A study population was the police in Zaria. Three police stations (Zaria City, Sabon Gari, and Samaru police stations) were purposively selected reflecting the socio-cultural and demographic backgrounds of Zaria residence and population. The Divisional Police officers and police officers in-charge of crime were interviewed. The police crime and incidence records were examined while the general conduct and social atmosphere of the police and police stations were observed. Using in-depth interview, observational method, and police records, it was discovered that the socio-economic status of suspects affected how they were treated by the police in the police stations studied. Also, the environment suspect lives affected how they were treated too by the police. It was recommended that the police make the rule of law their guide in the handling of suspects in the police stations irrespective of socio-demographic variable or area of habitation of the suspects. Police brutality and violations of citizen’s rights should be checked by senior police officers, while community-policing style should be implemented across communities in Nigeria.
Spotlight on community engagement: NICE resources in the context of COVID-19—NICE public health guidance update
Authors: Maiden Hannah , Jagroo James , Shearn Peter , Wasielewska Anna , Nolan Kay , Baillie Nick 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article focuses on how the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) quality standard on ‘Community engagement: improving health and wellbeing’ (QS148) may be used to support local areas with pandemic recovery planning. This article sets the standard in the context of the coronavirus pandemic, explores some of its content and highlights additional NICE resources to support its use across the health and care system.
Research on Researchers. Coping during COVID-19. Results on a Nation-Wide Survey
Authors: Sachini Evi , Labrianidis Lois , Sioumalas-Christodoulou Konstantinos , Chrysomallidis Charalampos , Siganos Galatios , Belouli Agathi , Karampekios Nikolaos 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper presents findings of a nation-wide study examining the impact of COVID-19 on researchers. Findings indicate that more than half of researchers experienced personal or family mental strain due to COVID-19 pandemic effects. COVID-19 pandemic is being treated as an opportunity by six out of ten researchers in terms of more time for study and planning future research activities (78 per cent). The majority of researchers (73 per cent) believe that Science and Technology will emerge enhanced from the pandemic in the public sphere. Relating our findings with research outcomes of existed surveys, it appears that COVID-19 had a significant impact on researchers’ and workers’ psychosocial life. Researchers’ and scientists’ standpoint suggest that Science and Technology will be upgraded in the public dialogue. Finally, researchers viewed the pandemic as an opportunity for more time for study and planning of future research activities while working time, with respect to other countries, decreased the most.
Chronic exercise training activates histone turnover in mouse skeletal muscle fibers
Authors: Ohsawa Ikumi , Kawano Fuminori 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEpigenetic regulation of skeletal muscle adaptation to exercise is a recent topic for which there is limited information. This study investigated whether exercise training activates histone turnover in the skeletal muscle fibers of mice. Experiments using a tetracycline‐inducible H2B‐GFP expression model demonstrated that 4 weeks of running training, but not 2 weeks of training, significantly promoted the incorporation of H2B‐GFP into nucleosomes and the dissociation of histone H3.3 at both transcriptionally upregulated and nonresponsive loci. Muscle‐specific PGC‐1α‐b‐overexpressing mice crossed with H2B‐GFP mice showed a slight increase in H2B‐GFP incorporation at transcriptionally active loci, but not in the dissociation of H3.3 from nucleosomes. Gene expression responses to a single bout of running were significantly enhanced in 4‐week trained mice when compared with those in 2‐week trained mice. The most drastic increase in the gene response was found in the expression of Hspa1a and Hspa1b, in which the magnitude of upregulation in response to running was significantly enhanced from 8‐fold in 2 week trained mice to 97‐ and 121‐fold in 4 week trained mice, respectively. It was also found that the HSP70 level increased during the training period. In a myonuclear immunohistochemical analysis of chromatin remodelers, we further found that the level of SPT16, an H2A‐H2B‐specific chaperone, was upregulated after running training. These results revealed that 4 weeks of running training activated histone turnover in skeletal muscle fibers. They also suggested that histone turnover led to loosening of the nucleosomes and enhanced gene responses to exercise.