bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DSM-IH-R Psychotic Disorders: procedural validity of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). Concordance and causes for discordance with the CIDI
Authors: Amorim P , Lecrubier Y , Weiller E , Hergueta T , Sheehan D 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjectives:the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) is a short diagnostic structured interview (DSI) designed to generate positive diagnosis for the main Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)-III-R/IV Axis I disorders and to explore the symptoms of Criterion A for Schizophrenia (Sc) to rule out the presence of Psychotic Disorders. The procedural validity of the MINI was investigated in psychiatric patients using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) as a gold standard in Europe and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (SCID-P)in the US. This paper presents the concordance and the reasons for discordance between the MINI and the CIDI for DSM-III-R Psychotic and Mood Disorders. No study had systematically analysed the sources of disagreement between DSI based on the same operational criteria in psychotic patients.Methods:256 consecutively recruited psychiatric patients and 50 non-psychiatric subjects passed the MINI and the CIDI.Results:concordance was good for the presence of Major Depressive Episode (MDE), Manic Episode, Psychotic Disorders, syndromes or symptoms (0.65 to 0.82). Inconsistencies in evaluation of the disorder recency accounted for 25 to 40% of discordance for current diagnoses. Fifty-three percent of discordance for lifetime Manic Episode resulted from inconsistencies in the severity of the index episode. Fifty percent of discordance for the diagnosis of Psychotic Disorders was due to algorithmic differences between the two DSI.Conclusion:the MINI yields reliable DSM-III-R diagnoses within a short time frame (22 minutes). Depending on the quantitative and the qualitative analyses of discrepancies between the MINI and the CIDI for Psychotic Disorders and Mood Episodes, we proposed and tested modifications leading to improvements in both interviews. The procedural validity of the modified MINI according to the modified CIDI was found to be very good.
DSM-IV and ICD-10 personality disorders: a comparison of a self-report questionnaire (DIP-Q) with a structured interview
Authors: Ottosson H , Bodlund O , Ekselius L , Grann M , von Knorring L , Kullgren G , Lindström E , Söderberg S 
Published: July 2002

SummaryObjectiveDiagnosing personality disorders according to structured expert interviews is time-consuming and costly. For epidemiological studies, self-report instruments have several advantages. The DSM-IV and ICD-10 personality questionnaire (DIP-Q) is a selfreport questionnaire constructed to identify personality disorder according to DSM-IV and ICD-10.MethodsThe DIP-Q is validated vs a structured expert interview in a clinical sample of 138 individuals. In addition, prevalence rates yielded by DIP-Q among 136 healthy volunteers are assessed and compared to expected prevalence.ResultsFor DSM-IV the agreement for any personality disorder as measured by Cohen's Kappa was 0.61 and 0.56 for ICD-10. Overall sensitivity for any personality disorder was for DSM-IV 0.84 and for ICD-10 0.85. However, specificity was lower: 0.77 and 0.70, respectively. When dimensional scores between self-report and interview for each personality disorder were compared, the intraclass correlation for the DSMIV entities was 0.37–0.87 and for the ICD-10 entities 0.33–0.73. Among healthy volunteers the base rate of personality disorders was found to be 14%.ConclusionsDIP-Q can be used as a screening instrument for personality disorders according to DSM-IV and ICD-10. Self-report questionnaires such as DIP-Q will probably play an increasingly important role in future epidemiological studies.
Panic disorder: History and epidemiology
Authors: Angst J 
Published: July 2002

SummaryPanic has not always been recognised as an exclusively psychiatric condition. Research in this area continued along separate medical and psychological axes until 1980, when the development of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)-III criteria established the overall concept of panic disorder. The lifetime prevalence of DSM-III panic disorder and repeated panic attacks, defined as the average of individual estimates from six studies, are 2.7% and 7.1% of the general population, respectively. Females are almost twice as likely as males to suffer panic disorder, and about seven times as likely to suffer repeated panic attacks. Overall, panic disorder or panic attacks occur in up to one in ten of the general population. The prevalence of panic disorder and panic attacks, their associations with other conditions, and their time courses have been investigated in a prospective epidemiological study in Zurich, Switzerland, in which 591 individuals were followed for 15 years. The validity of panic disorder and panic attacks as genuine psychological phenomena are attested to by their positive associations with a family history of panic disorder, elevated risk of suicide, lifetime treatment for psychiatric disorders, and especially treatment with prescribed medication and substantial work and social impairment. Strong comorbidity exists between panic states and other psychiatric conditions, including depression (major depression, bipolar disorder and recurrent brief depression), agoraphobia, social phobia, specific phobia, and obsessive-compulsive disease. A lower degree of comorbidity is seen with alcohol and tobacco dependence. Comorbid conditions usually precede panic, except for alcohol abuse, which is usually secondary to episodes of panic. The prognosis of panic states is often optimistic, and chronic disease is present in less than half of sufferers. Both panic disorder and repeated panic attacks are common, serious and disabling conditions. Effective diagnosis and treatment of repeated panic attacks and panic disorder are of equal importance.
Accuracy of register-based schizophrenia diagnoses in a genetic study
Authors: Mäkikyrö T , Isohanni M , Moring J , Hakko H , Hovatta I , Lönnqvist J 
Published: July 2002

SummaryIn order to assess the accuracy of schizophrenia diagnoses for genetic studies, we identified all schizophrenia patients (n = 492) in an isolated community with a diagnosis of schizophrenia in the Finnish Hospital Discharge Register (HDR) between 1969-1991. For the accuracy study we identified a sample of 73 patients from registers with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)-III-R for schizophrenia (codes 295.10, 295.30, 295.60, 295.90) (n = 62) or “schizophrenia spectrum” diagnoses (295.40, 295.70, 297.10, 301.20, 301.22) (n = 11). When the operational criteria (DSM-III-R) were applied by two senior researchers using information from the original mental hospital records, 93% (68/73) of the cases fulfilled criteria for schizophrenia or schizophrenia spectrum. The results demonstrate that the schizophrenia diagnoses of the registers are accurate when a broad concept of schizophrenia is applied. When using operational DSM-III-R schizophrenia criteria, eight false positive cases were found among the 62 mental hospital schizophrenia diagnoses. Consequently, there may be a need to reassess schizophrenia diagnoses depending on the purpose of the study. We also found good agreement between DSM-III-R (kappa 0.93) and operational criteria (OPCRIT) diagnostic system (kappa 0.89) diagnoses, made by one researcher, compared with operational diagnoses. This indicates the possibility for the reliable use of one of these methods alone for diagnostic reassessment. The information in the HDR on primary diagnoses and on the dates of admission and discharge was accurately transferred from the hospital records.
Combined clozapine-lithium treatment for schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder
Authors: Moldavsky M , Stein D , Benatov R , Sirota P , Elizur A , Matzner Y , Weizman A 
Published: July 2002

SummaryThree adolescent and two adult patients suffering from chronic excited psychoses (either schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder) resistant to traditional neuroleptics and clozapine were treated with combined clozapine-lithium. Improvement was assessed with the Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale, the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and the Clinical Global Impressions, administered before and during combined clozapine-lithium treatment. All patients demonstrated a significant improvement with this combination. There was no occurrence of agranulocytosis, neuroleptic malignant syndrome or other clinically significant adverse effects.
Family history and obstetric complications in deficit and non-deficit schizophrenia: preliminary results
Authors: Dollfus S , Germain-Robin S , Chabot B , Brazo P , Delamillieure P , Langlois S , van der Elst A , Campion D , Petit M 
Published: July 2002

SummaryThe aim of this study was to test that deficit (D) schizophrenic patients as defined by Carpenter et al had a higher prevalence of family history of schizophrenia but less obstetric complications than non-deficit (ND) patients. A lower rate of obstetric complications but an excess of schizophrenic and a higher rate of alcoholism family antecedents in 18 D patients compared to 23 ND patients were found. These results could suggest that there is a different weight of genetic and early environmental factors in D and ND patients.
Zuclopenthixol, D1/D2 antagonist, for treatment of chronic aggressive schizophrenia and psychotic oligophrenic patients
Authors: Grinshpoon A , Moskowitz M , Valevski A , Kreizman A , Palei L , Mar M , Weizman A 
Published: July 2002

SummaryAn open label trial was conducted to study the efficacy of zuclopenthixol decanoate, a D1/D2 antagonist, in the treatment of chronic (> 10 years) neuroleptic-resistant aggressive schizophrenia (n = 10) and psychotic oligophrenic patients (n = 6). A significant reduction was noted in the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale score, especially in the clusters of hostility-suspiciousness and excitement. After many years of seclusion, ten of the 16 patients were transferred to an open psychiatric department and were allowed to visit their families.
P300 event-related potential and serotonin-1A activity in depression
Authors: Hansenne M , Ansseau M 
Published: July 2002

SummaryThe identification of the brain structures and neurotransmitters responsible for the generation and/or modulation of P300 could lead to important clinical implications. Since serotonin disturbances seem to play a critical role in depression, the aim of the study was to assess the possible relationships between the P300 event-related brain potential and serotonergic activity in depression. The study was conducted among 45 major depressive inpatients, and serotonergic activity was assessed by prolactin (PRL) response to flesinoxan (a 5-HT1A agonist). Results showed a significant negative correlation between P300 amplitude and PRL response to flesinoxan (r = –0.40, P = 0.007 at Cz; r = –0.47, P = 0.001 at Pz). In contrast, both P300 latency and reaction time were not related to endocrine response. This study supports a role for serotonin-1A in the neurobiological modulation of P300 amplitude.
Junior‐for‐senior announcements
Authors: Hull Robert M , Mazachek JuliAnn 
Published: July 2002

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the role of inside ownership in explaining announcement period stock returns for 455 junior‐for‐senior transactions. We find that returns are more negative for firms with higher inside ownership percentages. Returns become even more negative for firms in which insiders are expected to be decreasing their ownership percentages.
Seasonal variations in photoperiod affect hepatic metabolism of medaka (Oryzias latipes)
Authors: Fujisawa Koichi , Takami Taro , Shintani Haruko , Sasai Nanami , Matsumoto Toshihiko , Yamamoto Naoki , Sakaida Isao 
Published: January 2021

Organisms living in temperate regions are sensitive to seasonal variations in the environment; they are known to accumulate energy as fat in their livers during the winter when days are shorter, temperatures are lower, and food is scarce. However, the effect of variations in photoperiod alone on hepatic lipid metabolism has not been well studied. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed lipid metabolism in the liver of medaka, Oryzias latipes, while varying the length of days at constant temperature. Larger amounts of fatty acids accumulated in the liver after 14 days under short‐day conditions than under long‐day conditions. Metabolome analysis showed no accumulation of long‐chain unsaturated fatty acids, but showed a significant accumulation of long‐chain saturated fatty acids. Short‐day conditions induced a reduction in the levels of succinate, fumarate, and malate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, decreased expression of PPARα, and decreased accumulation of acylcarnitine, which suggested inhibition of lipolysis. In addition, transparent medaka fed on a high‐fat diet under short‐day conditions exhibited greater amounts of fat accumulation and developed fatty liver. The findings of our study will be useful for creating a medaka hepatic steatosis model for future studies of hepatic steatosis‐related diseases.
Ant‐hill heterogeneity and grassland management
Authors: King Timothy J. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract1. In many grasslands, some ants act as ecological engineers to produce long‐lasting soil structures which have a considerable influence on the patterns and dynamics of plant, vertebrate and invertebrate species. They promote species richness and diversity.2. The yellow meadow ant, Lasius flavus, is the most abundant allogenic ecological engineer in grazed European grasslands, producing vegetated long‐lasting mounds. It is so frequent and abundant that it must be regarded as a keystone species. Grassland restoration projects frequently attempt to re‐introduce grasslands on abandoned arable fields. When this ant does not colonize naturally it should be introduced. It probably limits the abundance of grasses in a similar manner to hemi‐parasitic plant species.3. Ant‐hills make a distinctive contribution to grassland heterogeneity. Measurements on mounds in a single grassland over 45 years document the dynamics of the same 200+ ant‐hills in volume, surface area and basal area. As the mounds aged, they increased in size and took over a higher proportion of the grassland surface. Occupied mounds continued to grow, abandoned mounds decreased in volume and some disappeared entirely.4. Four plant species favoured by the soil heaped by the ants were also monitored. Two woody perennials grew up through heaped soil and two short‐lived species colonized its surface. As the mounds became occupied, some of these species significantly increased, and when they were abandoned some decreased.5. In a grassland, the ant‐hill population provides a fluctuating subset of plant and animal species which are characteristic of temporary habitats. This seems likely to reduce the rate of local extinctions which might otherwise result from fluctuations in grazing pressure. In conservation settings, ant‐hills should be introduced or maintained where possible, and considered in planning grassland maintenance and management.
Covalent Organic Frameworks for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Esrafili Arezoo , Wagner Avery , Inamdar Sahil , Acharya Abhinav P. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCovalent organic frameworks (COFs) are porous organic polymeric materials that are composed of organic elements and linked together by the thermodynamically stable covalent bonds. The applications of COFs in energy sector and drug delivery are afforded because of the desirable properties of COFs, such as high stability, low density, large surface area, multidimensionality, porosity, and high‐ordered crystalline structure expanded. In this review COFs are reviewed, from the perspective of different types of reported COFs, different methods for their synthesis, and their potential applications in the biomedical field. The main goal of this review is to introduce COFs as a biomaterial and to identify specific advantages of different types of COFs that can be exploited for specialized biomedical applications, such as immune engineering.
Formation of Novel Octuplex DNA Molecules from Guanine Quadruplexes
Authors: Katrivas Liat , Fardian‐Melamed Natalie , Rotem Dvir , Porath Danny , Kotlyar Alexander 
Published: January 2021

AbstractGuanine quadruplex (G4)‐DNA structures have sparked the interest of many scientists due to their important biological roles and their potential use in molecular nanoelectronics and nanotechnology. The high guanine content in G4‐DNA endows it with mechanical stability, robustness, and improved charge transport properties—attractive attributes for a molecular nanowire. The self‐driven formation of a novel G4‐DNA‐based nanostructure, coined guanine octuplex (G8)‐DNA, is reported herein. Atomic force microscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy characterization of this molecule reveal its organized coiled‐coil structure, which is found to be stable under different temperatures and surrounding conditions. G8‐DNA exhibits enhanced stiffness, mechanical and thermodynamic stability when compared to its parent G4‐DNA. These, along with its high guanine content, make G8‐DNA a compelling new molecule, and a highly prospective candidate for molecular nanoelectronics.
Visible‐Light‐Induced Controlled Oxidation ofN‐Substituted 1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydroisoquinolines for the Synthesis of 3,4‐Dihydroisoquinolin‐1(2H)‐ones and Isoquinolin‐1(2H)‐ones
Authors: Bansode Ajay H. , Suryavanshi Gurunath 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA visible light‐rose bengal‐TBHP mediated, controlled oxidation ofN‐substituted 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinolines is developed for the synthesis of 3,4‐dihydroisoquinolin‐1(2H)‐ones and isoquinolin‐1(2H)‐ones. The present method feature's a broad substrate scope, good functional group tolerances, and the products were prepared in good to excellent yields. The developed methodology further demonstrated in the synthesis of isoindolo[2,1‐b] isoquinolin‐5(7H)‐one (topoisomerase‐I inhibitor).magnified image
Myotonic dystrophy kinase‐related CDC42‐binding kinase α, a new transferrin receptor type 2‐binding partner, is a regulator of erythropoiesis
Authors: Richard Cyrielle , Viret Sophie , Cantero Aguilar Lilia , Lefevre Carine , Leduc Marjorie , Faouzi El Hassan , Azar Nabih , Lavazec Catherine , Mayeux Patrick , Verdier Frédérique 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEfficient erythropoiesis relies on the expression of the transferrin receptor type 2 (TFR2). In erythroid precursors, TFR2 facilitates the export of the erythropoietin receptor (EPOR) to cell surface, which ensures the survival and proliferation of erythroblasts. Although TFR2 has a crucial role in erythropoiesis regulation, its mechanism of action remains to be clarified. To understand its role better, we aimed at identifying its protein partners by mass‐spectrometry after immunoprecipitation in erythroid cells. Here we report the kinase MRCKα (myotonic dystrophy kinase‐related CDC42‐binding kinase α) as a new partner of both TFR2 and EPOR in erythroblasts. We show that MRCKα is co‐expressed with TFR2, and TFR1 during terminal differentiation and regulates the internalization of the two types of transferrin receptors. The knockdown of MRCKα by shRNA in human primary erythroblasts leads to a decreased cell surface expression of both TFR1 and TFR2, an increased cell‐surface expression of EPOR, and a delayed differentiation. Additionally, knockout of Mrckα in the murine MEDEP cells also leads to a striking delay in erythropoiesis, showcasing the importance of this kinase in both species. Our data highlight the importance of MRCKα in the regulation of erythropoiesis.
Numerical analysis of the magnetogenesis from early universe phase transitions
Authors: Garrison David 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe present the results of General Relativistic Magnetohydrodynamic simulations utilizing initial conditions from both the Electroweak and Quantum Chromodynamic (QCD) phase transitions in order to determine if seed magnetic fields may be generated via the Biermann Battery Mechanism of Magnetogenesis. These simulations occur in a simulated early universe between 10−11 s and 103 s after the Big Bang. We find that magnetic fields greater than 10−20 G may be generated on the Mpc scale. This is believed to be strong enough to generate the large intergalactic magnetic fields seen today. Further work is needed to understand how these fields may have impacted the large‐scale structures we currently observe.
Carbonbeton – Eine neue Verstärkungsmethode für Massivbrücken
Authors: Steinbock Oliver , Teworte Frederik , Neis Bastian 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIm Rahmen von Ertüchtigungsmaßnahmen eines Brückenzugs über die Nidda wurden im Jahr 2020 erstmals zwei Spannbetonbrücken mit Carbonbeton verstärkt. Bei den im Jahr 1971 errichteten Teilbauwerken wurde sogenannter Sigma‐Oval Spannstahl verbaut, der als spannungsrisskorrosionsgefährdet gilt. Die Straßenbrücken zeigten rechnerisch kein ausreichendes Ankündigungsverhalten im Sinne der Handlungsanweisung Spannungsrisskorrosion, sodass ein plötzliches Versagen den Verkehrsteilnehmer gefährdete. Um dieses Defizit zu beheben, wurde eine Verstärkung notwendig. In Hinblick auf die exponierte Lage im Verkehrsnetz am Westkreuz Frankfurt a. M. stellte sich die Verstärkung mit Carbonbeton als die wirtschaftlichste und minimalinvasivste Verstärkungsmöglichkeit heraus. Nachfolgender Beitrag ist Bestandteil eines dreiteiligen Aufsatzes, der die notwendigen Planungsschritte und erste Erfahrungen aus der Ausführung zusammenträgt. In Teil 1 wurden neben den Grundlagen zur Spannungsrisskorrosion das Konzept und die Planungsschritte erläutert. Der zweite Teil stellte die Besonderheiten des Carbonbetons im Brückenbau heraus und stellte einen Vergleich mit gängigen Verstärkungsmethoden dar. Abschließender Teil 3 umfasst detaillierte Angaben zur Verstärkungsmaßnahme und erste Erfahrungen aus der baulichen Umsetzung.
How does a firm's life cycle influence the relationship between carbon performance and financial debt?
Authors: Tascón María T. , Castro Paula , Ferreras Adrián 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn a progressively more stringent regulatory context concerning greenhouse gas emissions derived from a growing awareness of how economic activity affects our environment, this study analyzes how the firm's life cycle affects the relationship between carbon performance and financial debt. Using panel data on a sample of European listed firms during the 2005–2018 period, we find evidence suggesting that firms with better carbon performance have greater access to external financing during their growth stages and lesser access during maturity, although it has no effect during the shake‐out stage. Furthermore, carbon performance has a strong positive effect during growth, maturity, and shake‐out when firms need to finance additional tangible investments. We also find that the negative relationship between liquidity and debt is reversed during innovative stages for firms with better carbon performance. Our results are robust to the use of alternative measures of life cycle stages and to the consideration of industrial, legal, and cultural contexts.