bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing protection‐motivation theory‐based intervention with routine public dental health care
Authors: Kimhasawad Wachiree , Punyanirun Kulnipa , Somkotra Tewarit , Detsomboonrat Palinee , Trairatvorakul Chutima , Songsiripradubboon Siriporn 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesTooth brushing with fluoride toothpaste has a major effect on the reduction in dental caries. However, among young children, tooth brushing requires skill and motivation from caregivers and is not widely practised. To find a more effective way to train caregivers, Protection‐Motivation Theory (PMT)‐based educational programmes were compared with the basic one with regard to the incremental caries rate in children, caregiver's motivation and caregiver's awareness.MethodsIn a quasi‐experimental study, 9‐ to18‐month‐old children and their caregivers (N = 102) were allocated to PMT or control groups. The PMT group received PMT‐based oral health education programme while the control group received public hospital's current one. Children's caries status and motivation and awareness among caregivers were measured. Mann‐Whitney U test was used to find out the difference between control and test groups.ResultsAfter 12 months, the PMT group showed lower dmft, dmfs and incremental caries rate compared with control. Chi‐square test showed the control group was at more risk of developing additional dental caries (RR 2.23, 95% C.I.: 1.41–3.54, p < 0.001), and when early carious lesions were included (RR 2.40, 95% C.I.: 1.56–3.69, p < 0.001). In terms of motivation and awareness among caregivers, the PMT group rated their perception of disease severity and belief in self‐efficacy significantly higher than the control group.ConclusionsPMT‐based education programmes encourage suitable motivation and awareness that changes oral healthcare behaviour of caregivers, relating to decreased incremental caries rate in infants and toddlers comparing with regular health education methods.
Trial registration and selective outcome reporting in Endodontic Research: Evidence over a 5‐year period
Authors: Tzanetakis Giorgos N. , Koletsi Despina 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimTo assess the prevalence of registration of clinical trials in endodontic research and to identify outcome reporting discrepancies between trial registration entries and respective final publications. Associations with publication characteristics, such as journal, year of publication, origin, number of centres and authors, funding and statistical significance of the findings, were also sought.MethodologyAll reports of endodontic randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in 4 endodontic specialty and 4 general dental journals from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2020 were identified. Trial registration frequency patterns were assessed for the included RCTs, whilst for the ones registered, outcome reporting discrepancies were recorded. Article characteristics such as year of publication, geographic region, number of centres, authors participating in the publication, funding, type of registration and others were identified. Descriptive statistics and univariable/multivariable logistic regression were performed to examine the effect of study characteristics on identified registration practices.ResultsOne hundred and fifty‐five RCTs were included, with the majority published in specialty journals (121/155; 78.1%). A total of 42.6% of the identified RCTs was registered (66/155), mostly retrospectively (38/66; 57.6%). There was strong evidence that each additional year for more recent publication accounted for 1.42 times higher odds of being registered (adjusted Odds Ratio = 1.42; 95%CI: 1.11, 1.80; p = .004). More than 1/3 of registered RCTs presented outcome reporting discrepancies (24/66; 36.4%), whilst such inconsistencies were almost evenly distributed between primary and secondary outcomes.ConclusionsTrial registration policies in endodontic research should be reviewed and active endorsement of prospective registration practices should be prioritized for better clarity and transparency of the disseminated research. Outcome reporting discrepancies shall thus be eliminated, offering increased credibility in research findings and eliminating bias in this respect.
A systematic review of quantitative and qualitative literature on health professionals' experiences communicating with Chinese immigrants
Authors: Li Jialin , Lowres Nicole , Koo Fung Kuen , Gallagher Robyn 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimThe aim of this study is to determine health professionals' experiences communicating with Chinese immigrants and identify potential education barriers.BackgroundHealth professionals caring for Chinese immigrants often encounter communication barriers, leading to uncertainty of quality of care.DesignThis study is a quantitative and qualitative systematic review.Data sourcesMEDLINE, Scopus, CINAHL, PubMed and Google Scholar were searched, limited to 1980 to October 2020.Review methodsArticles were included if they reported results about health professional communication with Chinese patients. Quality was appraised using Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research guidelines and thematic synthesis conducted.ResultsOf 1363 articles, seven studies were included. These described provider–patient communication in primary care, oncology and palliative settings only. Three core themes were identified: (1) family‐centred health communication where family controls provider–patient information exchange; (2) mismatch of provider–patient health beliefs and knowledge on diet, nutrition, traditional medicine, place for death and disease prevention and (3) mismatch of language and resources as skilled providers proficient in specific dialects are limited; communication resources are perceived as infrequently available and content is insufficient.ConclusionStudies describing health professionals' experiences communicating with Chinese immigrants are limited. Key barriers identified included cultural and language disparities and communication resources are inadequate to support health professionals' needs.
Circulating diazepam‐binding inhibitor in infancy: Relation to markers of adiposity and metabolic health
Authors: Díaz Marta , Blasco‐Roset Albert , Villarroya Joan , López‐Bermejo Abel , de Zegher Francis , Villarroya Francesc , Ibáñez Lourdes 
Published: May 2021

SummaryBackgroundDiazepam‐binding inhibitor (DBI) controls feeding behaviour and glucose homeostasis. Individuals born small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) with excessive postnatal catch‐up in weight are at risk for obesity and type 2 diabetes.ObjectiveTo assess serum concentrations of DBI (0‐2 years) in appropriate‐for‐gestational‐age (AGA, n = 70) vs SGA infants (n = 33) with spontaneous catch‐up and their relationship with endocrine‐metabolic and adiposity markers.MethodsLongitudinal assessments included auxology, fasting glucose, insulin, insulin‐like growth factor, high‐molecular‐weight adiponectin, DBI and body composition (absorptiometry). DBI was measured cross‐sectionally in pregnant and non‐pregnant women and in 2‐day‐old newborns. DBI mRNA expression levels were assessed in adult and neonatal tissues.ResultsCord blood DBI concentrations were similar in AGA and SGA newborns and about fivefold higher than those in women. Serum DBI levels decreased by age 2 days, were higher in SGA vs AGA infants at age 2 years and associated negatively with markers of adiposity and insulin resistance and positively with high‐molecular‐weight adiponectin. DBI mRNA expression was lower in placenta than in other tissues.ConclusionThe increased DBI concentrations at birth are unrelated to prenatal growth. The higher DBI levels in SGA subjects at age 2 years may be related to catch‐up growth or represent an adaptive mechanism to promote lipogenesis.
IR transmission prediction, processing, and characterization of dense La2Ce2O7
Authors: Kim Hyunjun , Akdim Brahim , Park James , Jang Woo‐Yong , Hay Randall S. , Urbas Augustine M. , Woodward Christopher 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHigh‐throughput computation, based on density functional theory (HT‐DFT), is used to predict the bounds for optical transparency, from the ultraviolet to the infrared, for materials in the pyrochlore family. The HT‐DFT approach adopted here uses an initial screening from Materials‐Project database, with millions of calculated properties. Band gaps and phonon spectra were calculated from selected pyrochlore crystal structures taken from the Materials Project database. Short and long wavelength bounds for optical transparency were calculated for chemistries with stable, cubic structures. The calculations predict that La2Ce2O7 has one of the broadest range of transparency for the pyrochlore family. Based on these calculations, dense polycrystalline samples of La2Ce2O7were produced by sintering and hot‐isostatic pressing. Transparency was characterized by methods that did not require large samples with high optical quality, obtaining 7.15 and 7.5 µm at 95% and 90% normalized transmittance, respectively. Bandgap calculations suggest a lower bound of UV transparency cut‐off of 0.3 µm. The infrared wavelength cut‐off is higher than that reported for other pyrochlores, and higher than for yttria, zirconia, or other common infrared transparent ceramics. We discuss our prediction and characterization methods as well as the suitability of pyrochlores for mid‐ and far‐infrared optical applications.
Two centuries of changes in Andean crop distribution
Authors: González‐Orozco Carlos E. , Porcel Mario 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTAimHistorical changes in crop distributions of tropical regions are poorly understood and rarely quantified due to the scarcity of historical records. As early as 1796, Francisco José de Caldas recorded crop distribution and drew maps depicting crop regions for eight crops. Using Caldas’ crop regions, we identify changes of crop distribution in relation to latitude and elevation, as well as compare their elevational limits over two centuries.LocationThe northern Andean mountain range between Colombia and Ecuador.TaxonWheat, barley, potato, maize, sugarcane, cacao, plantain and cassava.MethodsWe analysed Caldas’ crop regions and compared them with a current homologous replication of the same crops. We tested whether elevational ranges and mean elevation of the crops varied between the colonial and contemporary periods and analysed the relationship between elevation and latitude.ResultsIn quantifying the historical and contemporary distributions, we identified a large expansion of 740.1 meters in the elevational range over 224 years for all eight crops. We also found crops located at lower latitudes south towards Quito distributed at a higher elevation.Main conclusionsOur findings use historical data never used before to investigate the evolution of crop distribution since the colonial period. Our analysis provides evidence to conclude that Caldas’ work on climate and agriculture was essential to developing the field of tropical agriculture climatology, a discipline for which Caldas established but was never given recognition.
Association of visit‐to‐visit glycemic variability with risk of cardiovascular diseases in high‐risk Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: A subanalysis of the EMPATHY trial
Authors: Sato Midori , Inaishi Jun , Saisho Yoshifumi , Sato Yasunori , Komuro Issei , Itoh Hiroshi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAims/IntroductionLong‐term glycemic variability is important for predicting diabetic complications, but evaluation in a Japanese population is lacking. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between visit‐to‐visit glycemic variability (VVV) and cardiovascular diseases (CV) in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes, using the prospective cohort of the EMPATHY trial.Materials and MethodsAmong 4532 participants with at least three HbA1c measurements, VVV was defined using the coefficient of variation (CV‐HbA1c). The outcomes were the composite cardiovascular endpoints, including cardiac, cerebral, renal, and vascular events. The odds ratios (ORs) for the development of outcomes were estimated by using logistic regression models.ResultsDuring a median follow‐up of 38 months, 190 subjects developed CV events. The risk of developing CV events increased significantly with increasing quintile of CV‐HbA1c, after multivariable adjustment including the mean‐HbA1c (OR for the fifth vs first quintile, 1.73; 95%CI, 1.03–2.91; P for trend test = 0.003). There was a stronger association between CV‐HbA1c and CV events in patients with a mean‐HbA1c of <7% compared with those with a mean‐HbA1c of ≥7% (OR per 1 standard deviation, 1.51; 95%CI, 1.23–1.85 and 1.13; 95%CI, 0.98–1.29, respectively; P for interaction = 0.02).ConclusionsIncreases of VVV were associated with the risk of CV events in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes independent of the mean‐HbA1c. The long‐term variability of HbA1c as well as the mean HbA1c might be an important glycemic indicator in the management of patients with type 2 diabetes, especially in those with a mean‐HbA1c of <7%.
Screening for second malignancies in mycosis fungoides: non‐Hodgkin lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, lung cancer, bladder cancer and melanoma
Authors: Goyal A. , O’Leary D. , Goyal K. , Rubin N. , Janakiram M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatients with mycosis fungoides (MF) are at increased risk of developing non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), lung cancer, bladder cancer and melanoma. The characteristics of patients developing these malignancies have not been specifically delineated. In addition, there are no established guidelines for screening MF patients for second malignancies.Materials/MethodsWe identified 742 patients with MF who developed second malignancies in the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Result‐18 database.ResultsThe majority of second malignancy patients were white and male, mean age 55–67 years at diagnosis of MF, and mean age 61–72 years at diagnosis of second malignancy. The majority of patients diagnosed with second malignancies had early stage MF. MF patients with NHL, lung cancer, and bladder cancer tended to be diagnosed at earlier stages of the second malignancy than patients without MF and demonstrated better 5‐year overall survival. There was no improvement in stage at diagnosis or survival for MF patients who were diagnosed with melanoma compared to patients without MF.ConclusionsImprovements in survival in MF/NHL, MF/lung cancer and MF/bladder cancer patients may reflect differences in disease biology secondary to having MF or the importance of increased contact with the healthcare system. MF/melanoma data suggest that patients require regular pigmented‐lesion‐focused skin examinations. Tools for screening include regular lymph node examinations, pigmented‐lesion‐focused examinations and detailed review of systems questions. Smoking cessation counseling is key intervention in this population, as is ensuring that all age‐ and sex‐specific cancer screenings are up‐to‐date (e.g. lung cancer screening, mammography, and colonoscopy). The utility of regular imaging for second malignancy screening and lab testing such as routine urinalysis requires additional study and expert consensus.
Platelet‐rich plasma is a promising therapy for melasma
Authors: Tuknayat Ankita , Bhalla Mala , Thami Gurvinder Pal 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionPlatelet‐rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous blood product which has recently been used in multiple spheres of dermatology including facial rejuvenation, androgenetic alopecia, acne scars, and wound healing. Its use in melasma is comparatively an understudied topic.Material and methodsAn extensive systematic literature search of the PubMed electronic database and Cochrane central register of controlled trials was done using the keywords “platelet rich plasma” and “melasma” in the title. Relevant studies were selected and data were analyzed by two different authors. Four articles were excluded as they did not adhere to the inclusion criteria of this review and a total of 6 articles were reviewed.The relevant references of the included articles were also traced and included.DiscussionThese studies showed that PRP has been used effectively not only as an adjuvant therapy but also as a standalone treatment for melasma. PRP contains about 30 growth factors, transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β) being one of the growth factors having a predominant role in treatment of melasma. TGF‐β decreases signal transduction of microphthalmia‐induced transcription factor and thus decreases tyrosinase and tyrosinase‐related proteins. In addition to this, PRP also has an additional benefit of inducing collagen synthesis thus improving the quality and texture of the skin. But there is a scarcity of data and large randomized controlled trials. This review is an effort to highlight and upscale the use of this excellent blood product for melasma which is quite a treatment refractory disorder.
Bottom‐up Nation‐building: National Censuses and Local Administration in Nineteenth‐Century Spain
Authors: Salas‐Vives Pere , Pujadas‐Mora Joana Maria 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIt is customary to consider population censuses (and statistics in general) as exclusive to the modern State, appearing in the second half of the eighteenth century but being developed and spreading in the West during the nineteenth century. Indeed, censuses help to strengthen and legitimize such states. However, in Spain, just as in Europe and the United States, the first population censuses considered modern were the result of, on the one hand, the directives and general and provincial coordination provided by the new state statistical institutions, such as the Statistics Commission or the Institute of Geography and, on the other, municipal personnel and the previous knowledge of local conditions held by the councils and other agents, such as the clergy, intellectuals, and notables. The media were also availed of for the cause. Let us recall that the municipalities were an explicit part of the state apparatus, therefore their relevance in carrying out censuses is not an indication of failure or weakness on the part of the Spanish State regarding the process of “bottom‐up nation‐building”, but rather a way to imagine the nation through which collective involvement would build the nation from the locality.
Atlantic cod aquaculture: Boom, bust, and rebirth?
Authors: Nardi George , Prickett Richard , van der Meeren Terje , Boyce Danny , Moir Jonathan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe commercialization of a new species through aquaculture is much more complex than the mastery of the production process, or closing the loop, as it is sometimes referred to. Commercial aquaculture is a layer within the global seafood industry, much as wild capture is; however, it places human control at a much earlier phase in the life cycle of the harvested product. As an important species on both sides of the Atlantic, the commercialization efforts for the culture of Atlantic cod are described for four locations, Norway, United Kingdom, New England, and Atlantic Canada that highlight many similar technical challenges and the progress made from the late 1980s through 2012. We also describe some of the marketing challenges faced and how they differ. Technically, the species has been commercialized. Hatcheries and farms in all four countries were successfully established. However, there are clear differences in access to capital for research and industrial expansion from both the private and public sector, social acceptance of farmed fish, as well as the impacts on sales when marketing farmed cod in the context of a global seafood supply. Lower cost species substitution, from either the farmed or wild catch, is also a factor that can have a significant impact on long‐term successful commercialization.
Changing Gender Gaps in the Timing of First Union Formation and Sexual Initiation in Sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Batyra Ewa , Kohler Hans‐Peter , Furstenberg Frank F. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGender differences in union formation and sexual initiation in sub‐Saharan Africa remain poorly documented, in large part due to a scarcity of research on the transition to adulthood among men. We adopt a novel perspective on this topic by examining gender gaps in the ages at first union and sex in 24 countries, focusing on measures of central tendency and dispersion. Gender differences in age at first union decreased, driven by postponement among women with relatively late union formation. Yet, due to concurrent persistence of early unions among a sizable portion of women's populations, within‐country heterogeneity in ages at first union increased substantially among women. Thus, although forces responsible for earlier union formation among women than men are weakening, these changes affect population strata unequally. Gender differences in age at first sex decreased to a lesser extent, but in some countries, they disappeared or reversed, uncovering a shift in the relationship between gender and timing of sexual initiation. Changes in union formation and sexual initiation are more heterogeneous across countries among men than women, indicating that these processes among men are more context specific. We show importance of studying men's behavior and exploring heterogeneity in union formation and sexual initiation both within and between populations of women and men.
Family Planning Beliefs and Their Association with Contraceptive Use Dynamics: Results from a Longitudinal Study in Uganda
Authors: Zimmerman Linnea A. , Sarnak Dana O. , Karp Celia , Wood Shannon N. , Moreau Caroline , Kibira Simon P. S , Makumbi Fredrick 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNorms and beliefs toward contraception, both positive and negative, motivate contraceptive use; however, they have seldom been explored longitudinally in low‐ and middle‐income countries, limiting our understanding of their influence on contraceptive dynamics. We used PMA2020 Uganda national longitudinal data of reproductive aged women in 2018 (baseline) and 2019 (follow‐up) to explore discontinuation and switching among modern contraceptive users at baseline (n = 688) and contraceptive use at follow‐up among nonusers at baseline (n = 1,377). Multivariable simple and multinomial logistic regressions assessed the association of individual and community‐level contraceptive beliefs with contraceptive uptake, discontinuation and switching. One‐quarter of nonusers at baseline were using contraception at follow‐up, while 37 percent of users at baseline had discontinued and 28 percent had switched methods at follow‐up. The odds of contraceptive uptake were lower among women who strongly agreed that contraception impacted future fertility or caused conflict within a couple, relative to those who strongly disagreed (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 0.7 and aOR: 0.6, respectively), but higher among women who strongly agreed that contraception preserved beauty (aOR: 1.6). Women who strongly agreed that it was acceptable to use contraception before having children were less likely to discontinue their method than those who strongly disagreed (adjusted relative risk ratio (aRRR): 0.5), though living in a community where more women agreed with this statement was associated with higher discontinuation (aRRR: 6.0). Family planning programs that promote positive beliefs toward family planning could improve contraceptive uptake and continuation. More research is needed to understand how contraceptive beliefs shape contraceptive decisions across the life course.
Description of two new HLA alleles: HLA‐A*24:02:129 and HLA‐A*24:02:135
Authors: Wang Wei , Chen Nanying , Zhang Wei , He Ji , Zhu Faming 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTCompared with HLA‐A*24:02:01:01, the alleles HLA‐A*24:02:129 and HLA‐A*24:02:135 each show one nucleotide substitution, respectively.