bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of climate change on the streamflow of the Arjo-Didessa catchment under RCP scenarios
Authors: Bekele Wudeneh Temesgen , Haile Alemseged Tamiru , Rientjes Tom 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this study, the impact of climate change on the streamflow of the Arjo-Didessa catchment, Upper Blue Nile basin, is evaluated. We used the outputs of four climate models for two representative concentration pathway (RCP) climate scenarios, which are RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5. Streamflow simulation was done by using the HEC-HMS rainfall-runoff model, which was satisfactorily calibrated and validated for the study area. For the historic period (1971–2000), all climate models significantly underestimated the observed rainfall amount for the rainy season. We therefore bias-corrected the climate data before using them as input for the rainfall-runoff model. The results of the four climate models for the period 2041 to 2070 show that annual rainfall is likely to decrease by 0.36 to 21% under RCP 4.5. The projected increases in minimum and maximum temperature will lead to an increase in annual evapotranspiration by 3 to 7%, which will likely contribute to decreasing the annual flows of Arjo-Didessa by 1 to 3%. Our results show that the impact is season dependent, with an increased streamflow in the main rainy season but a decreased flow in the short rainy season and the dry seasons. The magnitudes of projected changes are more pronounced under RCP 8.5 than under RCP 4.5.
Spatiotemporal variation characteristics of extreme precipitation in the upper reaches of the Hongshui River Basin during 1959–2016
Authors: Huang Ya , Yi Ling , Xiao Weihua , Hou Guibing , Zhou Yuyan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractUnderstanding changes in the intensity and frequency of extreme precipitation is vital for flood control, disaster mitigation, and water resource management. In this study, 12 extreme precipitation indices and the best-fitting extreme value distribution were used to analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics of extreme precipitation in the upper reaches of the Hongshui River Basin (UHRB). The possible links between extreme precipitation and large-scale circulation were also investigated. Most extreme precipitation indices increased from west to east in the UHRB, indicating that the eastern region is a humid area with abundant precipitation. The indices for consecutive wet days (CWD) and precipitation events (R0.1) decreased significantly, indicating that the UHRB tends to be dry, with few precipitation events. The probability distribution functions of most extreme precipitation indices, especially that of R0.1, shifted significantly to the left in 1988–2016 compared with 1959–1987, further indicating that the UHRB has experienced a significant drying trend in recent decades. The East Asian summer monsoon and the El Niño–Southern Oscillation/Pacific Decadal Oscillation were confirmed to influence extreme precipitation in the UHRB. These findings are helpful for understanding extreme precipitation variation trends in the UHRB and provide references for further research.
Administration of Exogenous Surfactant and Cytosolic Phospholipase A2α Inhibitors may Help COVID-19 Infected Patients with Chronic Diseases
Authors: Hussein Mohammed Abdalla 
Published: March 2021

Background :
Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) pandemic is a worldwide public health
problem causing 347,070 deaths from December 25, 2019, till May 25, 2020. Phospholipids are
structural components of mammalian cytoskeleton and cell membranes. Phosphatidylglycerol is an
anionic lipid found in mammalian membranes in low amounts (1–2%) of the total phospholipids.
Also, phosphatidylglycerol suppresses viral attachment to the plasma membrane and subsequent replication
in lung cells. Phosphatidylglycerol depletion caused by over expression of cytosolic phospholipase
A2α induces lipid accumulation in lung alveoli and promotes acute respiratory distress
syndrome (ARDS). An exogenous-surfactant replacement has been successfully achieved in ARDS
and improved oxygenation and lung mechanics. Inhibition of cytosolic phospholipase A2alpha impairs
an early step of COVID-19 replication.

Aim:
The present study was carried out to explain the correlation between the administration of exogenous
artificial surfactant as well as cytosolic phospholipase A2α inhibitors to improve oxygenation
and lung mechanics and inhibit COVID-19 replication.

Methods:
Database research was carried out on Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, country-specific
journals, and following-up WHO reports published between December 25, 2019 – May 25,
2020.

Results:
Till 25 May 2020, coronavirus cases were 5,307,298, with 347,070 deathsand 2,314,849
recovered cases. According to the WHO reports, most COVID-19 deaths seen are in people who
suffered from other chronic diseases characterized by phospholipidosis and phosphatidylglycerol
deficiency, including hypertension, liver, heart, and lung diseases and diabetes. Phospholipases A2
(PLA2) catalyze the cleavage of fatty acids esterified at the sn-2 position of glycerophospholipids
leading to enhanced inflammation and lung damage. Also, cytosolic phospholipase A2α inhibitors
may reduce the accumulation of viral proteins and RNA. In addition, administration of exogenous
phospholipid surfactant may help COVID-19 infected patients with ARDS to remove inflammatory
mediators.

Conclusion:
The present study showed a relation between phosphatidylglycerol deficiency in
COVID-19 infected patients with ARDS and/or chronic diseases and their mortality. These findings
also showed an important approach for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 infections
by using cytosolic phospholipase A2α inhibitors and exogenous administration of a specific phospholipid
surfactant.
Focus. Een mijlpaal in de gereformeerde theologie
Authors: Moehn W.H.Th. 
Published: March 2021

N.a.v.: Andreas J. Beck, William den Boer en Riemer A. Faber (red.), Synopsis Purioris Theologiae/Synopsis of a Purer Theology: Latin Text and English Translation: dl. 3, Disputations 43-52 [Studies in Medieval and Reformation Traditions, 222/Texts & Sources, 9] (Leiden, Boston: Brill, 2020) xiii + 716 p., € 99,00 (ISBN 9789004329966).
Displayed Depression Symptoms on Facebook at Two Time Points: Content Analysis
Authors: Moreno Megan A , Gaus Quintin , Wilt Megan , Arseniev-Koehler Alina , Ton Adrienne , Adrian Molly , VanderStoep Ann 
Published: March 2021

Background
Depression is a prevalent and problematic mental disorder that often has an onset in adolescence. Previous studies have illustrated that depression disclosures on social media are common and may be linked to an individual’s experiences of depression. However, most studies have examined depression displays on social media at a single time point.

Objective
This study aims to investigate displayed depression symptoms on Facebook at 2 developmental time points based on symptom type and gender.

Methods
Participants were recruited from an ongoing longitudinal cohort study. The content analysis of text-based Facebook data over 1 year was conducted at 2 time points: time 1 (adolescence; age 17-18 years) and time 2 (young adulthood; ages 20-22 years). Diagnostic criteria for depression were applied to each post to identify the displayed depression symptoms. Data were extracted verbatim. The analysis included nonparametric tests for comparisons.

Results
A total of 78 participants’ Facebook profiles were examined, of which 40 (51%) were male. At time 1, 62% (48/78) of the adolescents had a Facebook profile, and 54% (26/78) displayed depression symptom references with an average of 9.4 (SD 3.1) references and 3.3 (SD 2.3) symptom types. Of the 78 participants, 15 (19%) females and 12 (15%) males displayed depression symptom references; these prevalence estimates were not significantly different by gender (P=.59). At time 2, 35 young adults displayed symptoms of depression with an average of 4.6 (SD 2.3) references and 2.4 (SD 1.3) symptom types. There were no differences in the prevalence of symptoms of depression displayed between males (n=19) and females (n=16; P=.63).

Conclusions
This content analysis study within an ongoing cohort study illustrates the differences in depression displays on Facebook by developmental stage and symptom. This study contributes to a growing body of literature by showing that using social media to observe and understand depression during the emerging adult developmental period may be a valuable approach.
Executive Function After Prenatal Alcohol Exposure in Children in a South African Population: Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Louw Jacobus Gidion , van Heerden Alastair , Olivier Leana , Lambrechts Tersius , Broodryk Mandi , Bunge Liska , Vosloo Martlé , Tomlinson Mark 
Published: March 2021

Background
Alcohol is a teratogen; its consumption during pregnancy can lead to negative birth outcomes, collectively referred to as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Neurodevelopmental delays in higher-order cognitive functions that affect development of executive functions are a common feature. Studies on executive function in children have focused on children diagnosed with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, and there is a lack of information on the impact on children not diagnosed with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder but who had been exposed to alcohol.

Objective
The aim of this study was to compare the development of executive function in children between 4 and 6 years of age with and without prenatal exposure to alcohol.

Methods
Children both exposed and not exposed to alcohol were recruited as part of a feasibility RCT evaluating a computer-based cognitive training program for improving executive function development. The study was conducted in a low–socioeconomic status community in South Africa with a high prevalence of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. Neurodevelopment was assessed in participating children; NEPSY-II standardized scores for executive function domains were compared using a multivariate analysis of variance with group membership as the predictor variable.

Results
No significant differences in executive functions assessments (P=.39) were found between children in the alcohol-exposed group (n=76) and those in the nonexposed group (n=40). Both groups showed moderate to severe delays in domains. In all but one subtest, the average score for both groups was below the 25th percentile of expected norms.

Conclusions
We expected that alcohol exposure would have a measurable impact on executive function development. The lack of differences highlights the prevalence of developmental delays in low–socioeconomic status communities in South Africa and suggests that children are exposed to various threats to cognitive development.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
RR2-10.2196/14489
Recommendations for Health Equity and Virtual Care Arising From the COVID-19 Pandemic: Narrative Review
Authors: Shaw James , Brewer LaPrincess C , Veinot Tiffany 
Published: March 2021

Background
The COVID-19 health crisis has disproportionately impacted populations who have been historically marginalized in health care and public health, including low-income and racial and ethnic minority groups. Members of marginalized communities experience undue barriers to accessing health care through virtual care technologies, which have become the primary mode of ambulatory health care delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic. Insights generated during the COVID-19 pandemic can inform strategies to promote health equity in virtual care now and in the future.

Objective
The aim of this study is to generate insights arising from literature that was published in direct response to the widespread use of virtual care during the COVID-19 pandemic, and had a primary focus on providing recommendations for promoting health equity in the delivery of virtual care.

Methods
We conducted a narrative review of literature on health equity and virtual care during the COVID-19 pandemic published in 2020, describing strategies that have been proposed in the literature at three levels: (1) policy and government, (2) organizations and health systems, and (3) communities and patients.

Results
We highlight three strategies for promoting health equity through virtual care that have been underaddressed in this literature: (1) simplifying complex interfaces and workflows, (2) using supportive intermediaries, and (3) creating mechanisms through which marginalized community members can provide immediate input into the planning and delivery of virtual care.

Conclusions
We conclude by outlining three areas of work that are required to ensure that virtual care is employed in ways that are equity enhancing in a post–COVID-19 reality.
Beyond Getting Rid of Stupid Stuff in the Electronic Health Record (Beyond-GROSS): Protocol for a User-Centered, Mixed-Method Intervention to Improve the Electronic Health Record System
Authors: Otokiti Ahmed Umar , Craven Catherine K , Shetreat-Klein Avniel , Cohen Stacey , Darrow Bruce 
Published: March 2021

Background
Up to 60% of health care providers experience one or more symptoms of burnout. Perceived clinician burden resulting in burnout arises from factors such as electronic health record (EHR) usability or lack thereof, perceived loss of autonomy, and documentation burden leading to less clinical time with patients. Burnout can have detrimental effects on health care quality and contributes to increased medical errors, decreased patient satisfaction, substance use, workforce attrition, and suicide.

Objective
This project aims to improve the user-centered design of the EHR by obtaining direct input from clinicians about deficiencies. Fixing identified deficiencies via user-centered design has the potential to improve usability, thereby increasing satisfaction by reducing EHR-induced burnout.

Methods
Quantitative and qualitative data will be obtained from clinician EHR users. The input will be received through a form built in a REDCap database via a link embedded in the home page of the EHR. The REDCap data will be analyzed in 2 main dimensions, based on nature of the input, what section of the EHR is affected, and what is required to fix the issue(s). Identified issues will be escalated to relevant stakeholders responsible for rectifying the problems identified. Data analysis, project evaluation, and lessons learned from the evaluation will be incorporated in a Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) manner every 4-6 weeks.

Results
The pilot phase of the study began in October 2020 in the Gastroenterology Division at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York City, NY, which includes 39 physicians and 15 nurses. The pilot is expected to run over a 4-6–month period. The results of the REDCap data analysis will be reported within 1 month of completing the pilot phase. We will analyze the nature of requests received and the impact of rectified issues on the clinician EHR user. We expect that the results will reveal which sections of the EHR have the highest deficiencies while also highlighting issues about workflow difficulties. Perceived impact of the project on provider engagement, patient safety, and workflow efficiency will also be captured by evaluation survey and other qualitative methods where possible.

Conclusions
The project aims to improve user-centered design of the EHR by soliciting direct input from clinician EHR users. The ultimate goal is to improve efficiency, reduce EHR inefficiencies with the possibility of improving staff engagement, and lessen EHR-induced clinician burnout. Our project implementation includes using informatics expertise to achieve the desired state of a learning health system as recommended by the National Academy of Medicine as we facilitate feedback loops and rapid cycles of improvement.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
PRR1-10.2196/25148
L’essor d’une norme endogène au Québec : l’exemple du dictionnaire Usito
Authors: Cajolet-Laganière Hélène 
Published: March 2021

L’article s’inscrit dans la thématique de la francophonie et l'essor de normes endogènes. Il retrace les différentes étapes qui ont été parcourues au Québec, des quelques dizaines de canadianismes de bon aloi prescrits par l’Office de la langue française (OLF), en 1969, à une description scientifique du français en usage au Québec, explicitée et diffusée dans le dictionnaire en ligne Usito depuis 2014. L’article fait état des diverses études visant à caractériser le français québécois standard, notamment les marques et spécificités linguistiques propres au français québécois standard (particularités orthographiques, typographiques, morphologiques et lexicales dans tous les domaines de la vie courante et professionnelle). Il présente également l’aménagement de la variation linguistique et l’explicitation de la norme endogène dans le dictionnaire en ligne Usito. Il décrit, entre autres éléments, avec exemples tirés du dictionnaire, le traitement de la variation linguistique, la hiérarchisation des usages, dont les marques normatives, et autres éléments faisant partie de la norme endogène au Québec. Il montre en outre l’importance des marqueurs de l’identité culturelle (exemplification, citations, articles thématiques, etc.). Il s’attarde enfin aux aspects pédagogiques du dictionnaire (tolérance à l’erreur, structuration des articles, important réseau de liens hypertextes, tableau latéral à droite des articles, interface de navigation, etc.). Il conclut quant à l’importance de la mise à jour constante du contenu du dictionnaire, de son adaptation aux diverses clientèles visées et au renouvellement des fonctionnalités au regard de l’évolution des technologies, afin d’offrir une utilisation simple et instinctive de tous les aspects de la langue.
PRESUPPOSITION IN KIM NAMJOON’S SPEECH AT UNITED NATION GENERAL ASSEMBLY
Authors: Aminah Sayyidah 
Published: March 2021

This research entitled ”Presupposition in Kim Nam Joon’s Speech at United Nation General Assembly. It is a descriptive analysis of speech that used types of presuppositions”. The objectives of this research are to know the types of presupposition and to find out the most dominant type of presupposition in the speech of Kim Namjun. The research method used qualitative descriptive and it is used to analyse the speech as a sample based on Guswita & Widodo's theory. They mention that six types of presupposition, there are; existential presupposition, factive presupposition, lexical presupposition, structural presupposition, non-factive presupposition, and counterfactual presupposition. In analyzing, the research watched the speech which lasts about six minutes, then transcribed, and analysed based on Guswita & Widodo's theory (2019). The result of this study shows that there are four types of presupposition in the speech; existential presuppositions, lexical presupposition, non-factive presupposition, and structural presupposition. With the percentage of existential is 20 or 62.05%, lexical are 9 or 28, 12%, structural are 2 or 6.25 %, and the last non-factive is just 1 or 3,12%. So, the most dominant type is commonly used in the Kim Namjun’s Speech at UNs General Assembly is existential presuppositions. Keywords: Presupposition, UN’ General Assembly, Kim Namjoon’s Speech
TEACHING READING COMPREHENSION USING GROUP DISCUSSION
Authors: Rizwan Muhamad , Rachmijati Cynantia 
Published: March 2021

English as the first foreign language in Indonesia has important learn. Some aspects in leaning English cover listening, speaking reading and writing. All aspects are crucial for learners to be mastered thus, reading can be the essential aspect of all. In English reading, the difficulties that occur during the lesson is the activity. It is necessary for teachers to establish a good reading activity to cover the teaching and learning activity. The author implemented group discussion to answer the problem in reading activity. The research is established by quantitative method quasi experimental design with pre test and posttest as the instrument of the research. The population is seventh grade students of SMP Negeri 4 CikalongWetan and the sample is 30 students of 7 A as experiment class and 30 students of 7 B as control class. The data collected is analyzed by SPSS using Mann Whitney U test with 0.05 level of significance. The result shows value of significance is 0.010 which is less than 0.05 coefficient level (0.010<0.05) which shows that the null hypothesis is rejected. In conclusion, there is significant difference between students’ reading comprehension in both class.Key Words : Group Discussion, Reading Comprehension
THE IMPLEMENTATION AND THE STUDENT'S RESPONSES OF GUIDED QUESTION TECHNIQUE IN TEACHING WRITING RECOUNT TEXT
Authors: Pertiwi Sinta , Kareviati Evie 
Published: March 2021

The research is aimed to investigate the implementation and to find out student’s responses to the guided questions technique in teaching writing recount text. The research used descriptive qualitative method. The data was obtained from observation and questionnaire. The research was conducted at SMPN 5 Cimahi which the participant was the 35 students of VIII – G. The result of the research showed that the guided question technique was implemented under the theory. It can be seen from the use of basic questions to gathering the ideas and the steps of implementing the guided question technique were done while the teaching-learning process. Guided questions technique also helps students in understanding the material. Meanwhile, the students gave a positive response toward the guided questions technique's implementation with 76.3% of students agree that the guided question technique is interesting and easy to use. Moreover, with the average 97%, attention aspect being the highest average indicator which can be illustrated that the guided questions technique was interesting and enjoyable. Keywords: Writing, Recount text, Guided question, Student's response
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF COOPERATIVE LEARNING TYPE TEAMS GAME TOURNAMENT (TGT) METHOD TO IMPROVE STUDENTS MOTIVATION IN LEARNING ENGLISH
Authors: Pransiska Ira Setia 
Published: March 2021

The objective of this research is to describe the implementation of teams game tournament in learning English at SMP Pasundan 1 Cimahi. The research using descriptive qualitative method, and took 33 samples from seventh grade students. The writer collected data by interviewing and spreading questionnaires asked the students motivation which have 10 items adopted from Muhlisin, (2018). Percentage and descriptive explanations are applied in data processing. Based on this study, the writer found that; 1. The students became more active in learning activities, 2. The student’s teamwork and courage were increasing while discussing group time, and 3. The materials were easier to be accepted and understood by students. Those results indicated that the implementation of this method has enhanced the interest of students in learning English. From the questionnaires and interviews most of the students choose to agree statements too. So, it showed us that the implementation of cooperative learning type teams game tournament method was successfully improving student’s motivation in learning English.Keywords: Cooperative Learning, Teams Game Tournament, Students Motivation