bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors impacting test-based management of suspected malaria among caregivers of febrile children and private medicine retailers within rural communities of Fanteakwa North District, Ghana.
Authors: Soniran Olajoju Temidayo , Abuaku Benjamin , Anang Abraham Kwabena , Opoku-Afriyie Patricia , Ahorlu Collins Stephen 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background

Prompt diagnosis and treatment prevents a mild case of malaria from developing into severe disease and death. Unfortunately, parasitological testing of febrile children is greater in the public and formal private sector than in the informal private sector in sub-Saharan Africa.
Methods

A mixed method study was carried out to determine factors limiting test-based management of suspected malaria cases among caregivers of febrile children and Over-the-Counter medicine sellers (OTCMS) in eight rural communities in Ghana. Structured questionnaires were used to interview 254 adult caregivers. Fourteen in-depth interviews were conducted with OTCMS. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed thematically.
Results

The most frequently sought health providers by caregivers of febrile children in descending order were Community Health-Based Planning Services (CHPS) compounds; drug vendors; and OTCMS. Malaria parasitological testing rate of febrile children was highest (94.9%) at the CHPS compound and lowest (10.5%) at the OTCMS shops. Proportion of febrile children not subjected to malaria blood test is below average (28.3%). Among caregivers who did not ask for malaria blood test, 15.2% reported that healthcare provider did not offer a malaria blood test; 21.7% were financially handicapped to visit the Health Centre; and 63% lacked knowledge of malaria blood test and where to get it. From OTCMS point of view, clients’ inability to pay for malaria blood test, community perception that OTCMS are unqualified to perform malaria blood test, clients’ adherence to presumptive treatment, financial loss when unused RDT kits expires, clients’ demand for half dose of ACT, and activities of drug peddlers are factors limiting adherence to WHO recommended policy on testing before treating uncomplicated malaria cases.
Conclusion

The study results suggest the need to implement community friendly interventions aimed at improving test-based management of suspected malaria in febrile children. These may include educating caregivers and community members on the need to test and confirm malaria in febrile children before treating them, and supply of subsidized RDT kits to OTCMS and re-training them to provide testing services to their clients. Further studies pertaining to influence of gender roles on healthcare seeking attitude for febrile children is also suggested.
Changes of Lymphocyte Subsets in Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Feng Hao , Yang Xue 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background and AimsThe host immune system plays an important role in the pathogenesis and defense mechanism of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). This study aimed to explore the changes of immune system in Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) patients.MethodsA total of 85 active PTB patients and 50 healthy adults were enrolled, fifty patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) were enrolled as the positive control. Chest CT and lymphocyte subgroup counts in peripheral blood were measured in all participants.ResultsIn the PTB group, the level of CD4 + and B cells and the ratio of CD4+/CD8 + cells were significantly increased, the frequency of NK cells was significantly decreased at the same time.Conclusions﻿The manifestation of immune system was changed in PTB patients, the inflammation in the infected lesion was limited which decreased innate immune activation, and the increased of T and B cells responses as the main pathogen elimination method.
Impact of Work function Engineering in Charge Plasma Based Bipolar Devices
Authors: Bramhane Lokesh Kumar , Salankar Suresh , Gaikwad Mahendra , Panchore Meena 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we have explored and justified the reason behind the degradation in the cutoff frequency of the
bipolar transistors evolved from the charge plasma concept. It has been observed that if the work function difference present between the emitter metal contact and silicon is greater than or equal to 0.68 eV ( ϕ m - ϕ SI = 4.05 eV - 4.73 eV), it results in increment in the base width which is the inverse of the cutoff frequency. On top of this, two dimensional TCAD simulation of the different bipolar devices also demonstrate the same base
width widening effect into the intrinsic region which is present between the base region and collector region. Apart from this, if this difference is exactly equal to 0.5 eV ( ϕ m - ϕ SI = 4.23 eV - 4.73 eV) then the base width widening effect can be completely eliminated from the bipolar devices base on the charge plasma.
New insights into the delayed initiation of a debris flow in southwest China
Authors: Peng Taixin , Chen N. Sh. , Hu Guisheng , Tian Shufeng , Han Zheng , Liu Enlong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
On 6 July 2020, 3 h 40 min after rainfall stopped, a delayed debris-flow disaster occurred due to colluvium deposits in a hollow region (CDH) in the Chenghuangmiao gully, Sichuan Province, China, which resulted in 4 deaths and 27 injuries. This study explores the initiation process of the delayed debris flow and the cause for the delay. Field investigations, catchment geometry interpretation, laboratory tests, theoretical calculations, and fluid-solid coupling numerical simulation were performed to obtain landslide parameters and understand the mechanisms of the event. Results show: (1) The event was a giant low-frequency viscous debris flow. (2) Its initiation was caused by the delayed landslide process under the influence of back-end confluence. (3) The debris-flow discharge in the main gully increased over 19.5 min. (4) The seepage process inside the CDH continued for 3 h 20 min after the rainfall stopped before its pore pressure and reduction in strength was sufficient to initiate the debris flow. This research provides new insights on delayed debris-flow disasters; it is a reference for improving disaster management systems, especially monitoring and early warning systems, thereby avoiding future casualties.
Sodium–glucose co-transporter 2 inhibition with empagliflozin improves cardiac function in rats after cardiac arrest
Authors: Tan Yunke , Yu Kai , Liang Lian , Liu Yuanshan , Song Fengqing , Ge Qiulin , Fang Xiangshao , Yu Tao , Huang Zitong , Jiang Longyuan , Wang Peng 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Sodium–glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibition reduces hyperglycaemia and has beneficial effects in heart failure. However, the effect of SGLT2 inhibition with empagliflozin on acute myocardial dysfunction after cardiac arrest (CA) remains unknown.Methods: Non-diabetic male Sprague–Dawley rats underwent ventricular fibrillation to induce CA, or sham surgery. Rats received 10 mg/kg of empagliflozin or vehicle at 10 minutes after return of spontaneous circulation by intraperitoneal injection. Cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography, histological analysis, molecular markers of myocardial injury, oxidative stress, mitochondrial ultrastructural integrity and metabolism. Results: Empagliflozin did not influence heart rate and blood pressure, but left ventricular function and survival time were significantly higher in the empagliflozin treated group compared to the group treated with vehicle. Empagliflozin also reduced myocardial contraction band necrosis, myocardial fibrosis, serum cardiac troponin I levels and myocardial oxidative stress after CA. Moreover, empagliflozin maintained the structural integrity of myocardial mitochondria and increased mitochondrial activity after CA. In addition, empagliflozin increased circulating and myocardial ketone levels as well as myocardial expression of the 𝛽-hydroxy butyrate dehydrogenase 1. Together these metabolic changes were associated with an increase in cardiac ATP production.Conclusions: Empagliflozin favorably affects cardiac function in non-diabetic rats with acute myocardial dysfunction after CA, associated with reducing glucose levels and increasing ketone body oxidized metabolism. Our data suggest that empagliflozin might be of benefit in patients with acute myocardial dysfunction after CA.
Aortotracheal Fistula after Slide Tracheoplasty in a Patient with Dextrocardia, Left Pulmonary Artery Sling and Tracheal Stenosis: A Case Report
Authors: Chien Yu-san , Chao Yen-Chun , Lee Kuo-Sheng , Hsu Kung-hong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Aortotracheal fistula (ATF) is an uncommon and fatal complication of tracheal or aortic surgery, especially among pediatric patients. Case presentation: We reported a case in a 1-year-old boy with dextrocardia, left pulmonary artery sling and long segment tracheal stenosis. He received slide tracheoplasty at 9 months of age and had post-operative refractory granulation at distal trachea status post repeated balloon dilatation and laser vaporization. Episodes of hemoptysis occurred on post-operative day 81. Bronchoscopy revealed a pulsating pseudoaneurysm at lower trachea which ruptured during the procedure. Urgent surgical repair under cardiopulmonary bypass with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest was done. No recurrent bleeding or significant neurologic deficits noticed at a 4-month follow-up. Conclusion: Congenital anomaly that changes the spatial relationship between trachea and aorta could have contributed to formation of ATF. This warrant future attention when managing tracheal granulation with this not uncommon anatomy.
Astragalus Polysaccharide Regulates EGFR and ANXA1 Expression to Inhibit Tumor Growth
Authors: Li Wenfang , Hu Xueyan , Li Yanjie , song kedong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) has been frequently used as an adjuvant agent responsible for its immunoregulatory activity to enhance efficacy and reduce toxicity of chemotherapy used in the management of breast cancer. However, the other synergism mechanism of APS remains unclear. Methods: The expression profiles of breast cancer biological data (E-GEOD-10780), (E-GEOD-65194), (E-GEOD-10810), (E-GEOD-42568), (E-GEOD-61304), (E-GEOD-7904) and (E-GEOD-15852) were retrieved from European bioinformatics institute (EBI) database to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Gene Ontology and pathway enrichment analyses were carried out. The protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks of the DEGs were constructed by STRING online database. Finally, STRING was applied to construct the PPI networks of the DEGs associated with cell proliferation, cell cycle and cell apoptosis from GO enrichment analysis. Subsequently, hub and common genes that might be the potential targets and possible mechanism behind APS in vivo direct anti-tumor activity on breast cancer were identified. Meanwhile, we evaluated the mRNA and protein expression levels of these key targets using multiple biological analyses.Results: In total, 116 down-regulated and 73 up-regulated differential expressed genes (DEGs) were examined from seven gene expression datasets. Top ten hub genes were obtained in four typical protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of DEGs involved in each specific biological process (BP, cell cycle, cell proliferation, cell apoptosis and death) that was related to inhibitory activity of APS in vitro against breast cancer cell lines. Four common DEGs (EGFR, ANXA1, KIF14 and IGF1) were further identified in the above four BP-PPI networks, among which EGFR and ANXA1 were the hub genes that were potentially linked to the progression of breast cancer. The results of biological detections indicated that APS could down-regulated EGFR and up-regulated ANXA1 expression.Conclusion: In conclusion, the present study may provide potential molecular therapeutic targets and a new insight into the mechanism of APS against breast cancer.
Melatonin Attenuates Pyroptosis Upon Spinal Nerve Ligation in Rats via the NF-κB/NLRP3 Inflammasome Signaling Pathway
Authors: Wang Yi-Hao , Gao Xiao , Tang Yu-Ru , Zhang Nan-Nan , Liang Zhao-Jun , Liu Juan , Li Yan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Accumulated evidences have demonstrated causative links between neuropathic pain (NP) and immune-mediated inflammatory disorders. However, the role of inflammasome-induced pyroptosis in NP remains elusive. Melatonin possesses a well-documented analgesic action in various pain models. A rat model of spinal nerve ligation was established to explore the potential mechanism of melatonin in pyroptosis. The current study aimed to test our hypothesis that melatonin regulated pyroptosis to alleviate NP by inhibiting NF-κB/NLRP3-dependent signaling. Behavioral experiments revealed that SNL provoked severe allodynia which were suppressed by the administration of melatonin, caspase-1 inhibitor (VX-765) or NF-κB inhibitor (BAY 11-7085). SNL significantly up-regulated the inflammatory cytokines associated with the excessive activation of NLRP3 components and NF-κB signaling, as well as the marked pyroptosis activation which were partially inhibited by melatonin, VX-765 or BAY 11-7085. Collectively, Melatonin has potent analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects in SNL models through preventing pyroptosis via the NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway.
Acetaminophen Concentrations Found in Recycled Wastewater alter Soil Microbial Community Structure and Functional Diversity
Authors: McLain Nathan K. , Gomez Melissa Y. , Gachomo Emma W. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The practice of using recycled wastewater (RWW) (aka reclaimed water) has been adopted to address the growing demand for clean water and has been largely successful. However, chemicals of emerging concern (CECs) including pharmaceutical products such as acetaminophen (APAP) remain in the water even after additional cleaning. When recycled waste water is used to irrigate crops or landscapes these chemicals can then enter these and adjacent environments. APAP is one such contaminant and has the potential to disrupt the soil microbiome associated with agricultural crops. We evaluated this possibility using a greenhouse study to mimic agricultural field conditions, and applied treatments of APAP concentrations found within the ranges observed for RWW effluents. Using Illumina sequencing based approaches we observed that APAP was able to cause shifts in the microbial community and positively select for bacteria that are capable of metabolizing the breakdown products of APAP such as glycosides and carboxylic acids. Community-level physiological profiles of carbon metabolism were evaluated using Biolog EcoPlate as a proxy for community functions. The biolog plates indicated that the metabolism of amino acids, carbohydrates, carboxylic acids, phenolics, and polymers was significantly higher in the presence of APAP. Together our observations indicate that the soil microbial community and functions were altered by APAP and demonstrates the need to change current RWW policies to address the presence of these chemicals.
On the Drivers of Temperature Extremes on the Antarctic Peninsula During Austral Summer
Authors: Wang Sai , Ding Minghu , Liu Ge , Wei Ting , Zhang Wenqian , Chen Wen , Dou Tingfeng , Xiao Cunde 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
On the basis of surface air temperature (SAT) observations from the Great Wall Station located on the Antarctic Peninsula (AP) and ERA-Interim reanalysis data, the present manuscript investigates the role of atmospheric flow at intraseasonal and synoptic time scales in driving the temperature extremes over the AP during austral summer. Both warm and cold events can persist for multiple days and were maintained mainly by the advection of seasonal air temperature by intraseasonal winds. Synoptic winds can influence the temperature change around the peak time through their advection of seasonal temperature, thus determining the time of peak temperature anomalies. The generation of intraseasonal winds was closely associated with Rossby wave trains propagating along the polar front jet over the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean before the warm and cold events. The synoptic height anomalies before the warm events were also manifested as Rossby wave trains propagating along the polar front jet. However, synoptic Rossby wave trains were almost absent when the cold events occurred. Further analysis indicates that the weakened background flow during the cold events may have hindered the eastward travel of synoptic eddies. This study provides an important guidance for subseasonal to seasonal prediction on the AP.
A paradigm shift of PD-L1 immunotherapy based on a tracking-to-triggering immunoediting effect of 2-[18F]FDG
Authors: Wen Xuejun , Shi Changrong , Zeng Xinying , Zhao Liang , Yao Lanlin , Feng Lixia , Huang Jinxiong , Li Yesen , Lin Qin , Chen Haojun , Zhuang Rongqiang , Chen Xiaoyuan , Zhang Xianzhong , Guo Zhide 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Efforts have been devoted to select eligible candidates for PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint blocker (ICB) immunotherapy based on radiopharmaceuticals. Here, we have observed a tracking-to-triggering (referred to as “T2T”) immunoediting effect of the employed radionuclides. In particular, we found the usefulness of 2-[18F]FDG in cancer ICB therapy. Given that the PD-L1 expression is upregulated after the administration of various radiotracers, the predictive result from PET/SPECT imaging should be treated with caution. Viewed positively, radiotracers are potential immunomodulators to create an immune-favorable microenvironment for tumor immunotherapy. Improving αPD-L1 mAb utilization and significant tumor growth delay are observed when the personalized therapeutic alliance of radiotracer stimulation and ICB are employed. This new paradigm has the potential to expand the traditional tumor theranostic model and implement precision cancer immunotherapy.
Intraoperative palpation increases the efficiency of sentinel lymph node biopsy but is not necessary for every operation
Authors: Qin Xingsong , Li Zhiwei , Zheng Xinyu , Liu Wei , Qin Xinglei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background

Although intraoperative palpation (IOP) is recommended during the sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB), its actual effect on SLNB remains unclear. Meanwhile, controversy exists regarding whether IOP is necessary for all SLNB. The study examined the impacts of IOP on SLNB and determined whether IOP is necessary for every operation.
Methods

126 patients with early stage breast cancer underwent SLNB using Indocyanine green (n = 64) and Methylene blue (n = 62). Traced lymph nodes (TLNs) were resected, followed by the palpated lymph nodes (PLNs) surrounding the original TLNs. and we analyzed the results (with and without IOP) in terms of detection rate, number of removed SLNs and detection rate of metastatic SLNs.
Results

Without IOP, the detection rates of the two group were 90.6%(58/64), 88.7%(55/62), but with IOP, all the rates increased to 100% (p < 0.05).The mean number also increased (With palpitation: Without palpitation = 3.5 : 2.9; 3.1 : 1.8, p < 0.05).73 (57.9%) patients were detected with PLNs and 13 (10.3%) were detected with only PLNs. In the 26 patients detected with metastatic nodes, 4 (15.4%) were detected with only palpated metastatic nodes.
Conclusions

Intraoperative palpation increases detection rate and number of SLNs and reduced the potential false-negative rate. But intraoperative palpation is not necessary for all SLNB when the number of TLNs reaches three or more.
Applying GRACE satellite data and hydro-meteorological parameters for predicting the combined terrestrial evapotranspiration index (CTEI) based on an improved SVM and a greedy regression approach
Authors: Elbeltagi Ahmed , Jamei Mehdi , Srivast Ankur , Ahmadianfar Iman , Rahman Mahfuzur , Gitari Harun I. , Dharpure Jaydeo K. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Drought has become relatively one of the widespread extreme events that affect socio-economic sphere, ecological balance, environmental conditions, crop-yields, climate feedback mechanism, and water resources management. Monitoring of the drought is one of the challenging tasks, hence required to develop new techniques in prediction of this natural calamity accurately and timely. In this work, Combined Terrestrial Evapotranspiration Index (CTEI) that is forced through precipitation (P) and potential evapotranspiration (PET) is used for estimating drought. Also, this is a novel index developed for Indus-Ganga river basin, which also uses a Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) terrestrial water storage anomalies (TWSA) data. Thirteen input-variables comprised of GRACE-TWSA, Global Land Data Assimilation System GLDAS-TWSA, Groundwater Storage Anomaly (GWSA), P, Land Surface Temperature ( LST), Wind Speed (WS), Evapotranspiration (ET), Runoff, air temperature ( ), PET, net-shortwave (SWN) and long-wave (LWN) along with net radiation (NR) radiations were implemented for predicting CTEI. Further, thirteen different combinations were analyzed using an improved Sequential Minimal Optimization (SMO) algorithm for support vector machine (SVM) and a greedy linear regression method. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to develop several combinations based on machine learning models used for modeling CTEI, compare the accuracy and stability of these models in CTEI prediction, and select the best outcomes have been provided from these models. The performed error measures and statistical indicators prove that Combo 2 and 3 owing to SVM model are superior to the best combinations of Greedy model. Overall based on the results, the improved SVM is superior to Greedy model in estimating CTEI. SVM (Combo2: R=0.81) in spite of having a higher range of relative error, is superior to Greedy model (Combo3, R=0.77) for estimating CTEI. This method can be one of promising alternatives for estimating CTEI over major river basins across the world.
Public risk perception and coping response to COVID-19 is moderated by positive emotions: Evidence from Chinese college students
Authors: Gan Yongtao , Fu Qionglin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: People tend to develop serious psychological problems if they perceive the threat of a special disease. Seeking and contributing risk perception has laid the groundwork for studies that explore public response in the face of a health emergency, and are helpful for the understanding of students by determining how positive emotions(PE) moderates COVID-19-related risk perception(CRP) and can further lead to an improvement in coping response to COVID-19(CRC). We still have little knowledgeResults: There were a moderating relationship between CRP and positive-coping behavior(PCB) and moderating relationship between CRP and risk-taking behavior(RTB) through PE. Two interactive effects were identified. First, CRP was positively predicting PCB interacting with observed PE). Second, COVID-19-related risk perception interacted with observed PE predicting risk-taking behavior(RTB)Conclusions: The current study established a moderated model to explore the influence mechanism of CRP on two categories of coping response. For public health managers, they should have different coping response behavior and addressed the moderating role of PE in the process of coping with a public health emergency.