bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety, pharmacokinetics and antiviral activity of PGT121, a broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibody against HIV-1: a randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 1 clinical trial
Authors: Stephenson Kathryn E. , Julg Boris , Tan C. Sabrina , Zash Rebecca , Walsh Stephen R. , Rolle Charlotte-Paige , Monczor Ana N. , Lupo Sofia , Gelderblom Huub C. , Ansel Jessica L. , Kanjilal Diane G. , Maxfield Lori F. , Nkolola Joseph , Borducchi Erica N. , Abbink Peter , Liu Jinyan , Peter Lauren , Chandrashekar Abishek , Nityanandam Ramya , Lin Zijin , Setaro Alessandra , Sapiente Joseph , Chen Zhilin , Sunner Lisa , Cassidy Tyler , Bennett Chelsey , Sato Alicia , Mayer Bryan , Perelson Alan S. , deCamp Allan , Priddy Frances H. , Wagh Kshitij , Giorgi Elena E. , Yates Nicole L. , Arduino Roberto C. , DeJesus Edwin , Tomaras Georgia D. , Seaman Michael S. , Korber Bette , Barouch Dan H. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-specific broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies are currently under development to treat and prevent HIV-1 infection. We performed a single-center, randomized, double-blind, dose-escalation, placebo-controlled trial of a single administration of the HIV-1 V3-glycan-specific antibody PGT121 at 3, 10 and 30 mg kg–1 in HIV-uninfected adults and HIV-infected adults on antiretroviral therapy (ART), as well as a multicenter, open-label trial of one infusion of PGT121 at 30 mg kg–1 in viremic HIV-infected adults not on ART (no. NCT02960581). The primary endpoints were safety and tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK) and antiviral activity in viremic HIV-infected adults not on ART. The secondary endpoints were changes in anti-PGT121 antibody titers and CD4+ T-cell count, and development of HIV-1 sequence variations associated with PGT121 resistance. Among 48 participants enrolled, no treatment-related serious adverse events, potential immune-mediated diseases or Grade 3 or higher adverse events were reported. The most common reactions among PGT121 recipients were intravenous/injection site tenderness, pain and headache. Absolute and relative CD4+ T-cell counts did not change following PGT121 infusion in HIV-infected participants. Neutralizing anti-drug antibodies were not elicited. PGT121 reduced plasma HIV RNA levels by a median of 1.77 log in viremic participants, with a viral load nadir at a median of 8.5 days. Two individuals with low baseline viral loads experienced ART-free viral suppression for ≥168 days following antibody infusion, and rebound viruses in these individuals demonstrated full or partial PGT121 sensitivity. The trial met the prespecified endpoints. These data suggest that further investigation of the potential of antibody-based therapeutic strategies for long-term suppression of HIV is warranted, including in individuals off ART and with low viral load.
Identifying hidden coalitions in the US House of Representatives by optimally partitioning signed networks based on generalized balance
Authors: Aref Samin , Neal Zachary P. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn network science, identifying optimal partitions of a signed network into internally cohesive and mutually divisive clusters based on generalized balance theory is computationally challenging. We reformulate and generalize two binary linear programming models that tackle this challenge, demonstrating their practicality by applying them to partition signed networks of collaboration and opposition in the US House of Representatives. These models guarantee a globally optimal network partition and can be practically applied to signed networks containing up to 30,000 edges. In the US House context, we find that a three-cluster partition is better than a conventional two-cluster partition, where the otherwise hidden third coalition is composed of highly effective legislators who are ideologically aligned with the majority party.
Electricity-consumption data reveals the economic impact and industry recovery during the pandemic
Authors: Wang Xinlei , Si Caomingzhe , Gu Jinjin , Liu Guolong , Liu Wenxuan , Qiu Jing , Zhao Junhua 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCoping with the outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), many countries have implemented public-health measures and movement restrictions to prevent the spread of the virus. However, the strict mobility control also brought about production stagnation and market disruption, resulting in a severe worldwide economic crisis. Quantifying the economic stagnation and predicting post-pandemic recovery are imperative issues. Besides, it is significant to examine how the impact of COVID-19 on economic activities varied with industries. As a reflection of enterprises’ production output, high-frequency electricity-consumption data is an intuitive and effective tool for evaluating the economic impact of COVID-19 on different industries. In this paper, we quantify and compare economic impacts on the electricity consumption of different industries in eastern China. In order to address this problem, we conduct causal analysis using a difference-in-difference (DID) estimation model to analyze the effects of multi-phase public-health measures. Our model employs the electricity-consumption data ranging from 2019 to 2020 of 96 counties in the Eastern China region, which covers three main economic sectors and their 53 sub-sectors. The results indicate that electricity demand of all industries (other than information transfer industry) rebounded after the initial shock, and is back to pre-pandemic trends after easing the control measures at the end of May 2020. Emergency response, the combination of all countermeasures to COVID-19 in a certain period, affected all industries, and the higher level of emergency response with stricter movement control resulted in a greater decrease in electricity consumption and production. The pandemic outbreak has a negative-lag effect on industries, and there is greater resilience in industries that are less dependent on human mobility for economic production and activities.
Hepatobiliary phenotype of individuals with chronic intestinal disorders
Authors: Voss Jessica , Schneider Carolin V. , Kleinjans Moritz , Bruns Tony , Trautwein Christian , Strnad Pavel 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDespite the known functional relationship between the gut and the liver, the clinical consequences of this circuit remain unclear. We assessed the hepatobiliary phenotype of cohorts with celiac disease (CeD), Crohn´s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Baseline liver function tests and the frequency of hepatobiliary diseases were analyzed in 2377 CeD, 1738 CD, 3684 UC subjects and 488,941 controls from the population-based UK Biobank cohort. In this cohort study associations were adjusted for age, sex, BMI, diabetes, and alcohol consumption. Compared to controls, cohorts with CeD, but not CD/UC displayed higher AST/ALT values. Subjects with CD/UC but not CeD had increased GGT levels. Elevated ALP and cholelithiasis were significantly more common in all intestinal disorders. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were enriched in CeD and CD (NASH: taOR = 4.9 [2.2–11.0] in CeD, aOR = 4.2 [1.7–10.3] in CD, HCC: aOR = 4.8 [1.8–13.0] in CeD, aOR = 5.9 [2.2–16.1] in CD), while cholangitis was more common in the CD/UC cohorts (aOR = 11.7 [9.1–15.0] in UC, aOR = 3.5 [1.8–6.8] in CD). Chronic hepatitis, autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and cirrhosis were more prevalent in all intestinal disorders. In UC/CD, a history of intestinal surgery was associated with elevated liver enzymes and increased occurrence of gallstones (UC: aOR = 2.9 [2.1–4.1], CD: 1.7 [1.2–2.3]). Our data demonstrate that different intestinal disorders predispose to distinct hepatobiliary phenotypes. An increased occurrence of liver cirrhosis, NASH, AIH and HCC and the impact of surgery warrant further exploration.
Total synthesis of (±)-decursivine via BINOL-phosphoric acid catalyzed tandem oxidative cyclization
Authors: Parvatkar Prakash T. , Smotkin Eugene S. , Manetsch Roman 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe synthesis of tetracyclic indole alkaloid (±)-decursivine was accomplished using BINOL-phosphoric acid catalyzed tandem oxidative cyclization as a key step with (bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodo)benzene (PIFA) as an oxidizing agent. This represents one of the shortest and highest yielding routes for the synthesis of (±)-decursivine from readily available starting materials.
Mechanisms and management considerations of parent-chosen feeding approaches to infants with swallowing difficulties: an observational study
Authors: Jadcherla Sudarshan R. , Hasenstab Kathryn A. , Osborn Erika K. , Levy Deborah S. , Ipek Haluk , Helmick Roseanna , Sultana Zakia , Logue Nicole , Yildiz Vedat O. , Blosser Hailey , Shah Summit H. , Wei Lai 
Published: October 2021

AbstractVideofluoroscopy swallow studies (VFSS) and high-resolution manometry (HRM) methods complement to ascertain mechanisms of infant feeding difficulties. We hypothesized that: (a) an integrated approach (study: parent-preferred feeding therapy based on VFSS and HRM) is superior to the standard-of-care (control: provider-prescribed feeding therapy based on VFSS), and (b) motility characteristics are distinct in infants with penetration or aspiration defined as penetration-aspiration scale (PAS) score ≥ 2. Feeding therapies were nipple flow, fluid thickness, or no modification. Clinical outcomes were oral-feeding success (primary), length of hospital stay and growth velocity. Basal and adaptive HRM motility characteristics were analyzed for study infants. Oral feeding success was 85% [76–94%] in study (N = 60) vs. 63% [50–77%] in control (N = 49),p = 0.008. Hospital-stay and growth velocity did not differ between approaches or PAS ≥ 2 (allP > 0.05). In study infants with PAS ≥ 2, motility metrics differed for increased deglutition apnea during interphase (p = 0.02), symptoms with pharyngeal stimulation (p = 0.02) and decreased distal esophageal contractility (p = 0.004) with barium. In conclusion, an integrated approach with parent-preferred therapy based on mechanistic understanding of VFSS and HRM metrics improves oral feeding outcomes despite the evidence of penetration or aspiration. Implementation of new knowledge of physiology of swallowing and airway protection may be contributory to our findings.
Modular fluorescent nanoparticle DNA probes for detection of peptides and proteins
Authors: Stawicki Cassandra M. , Rinker Torri E. , Burns Markus , Tonapi Sonal S. , Galimidi Rachel P. , Anumala Deepthi , Robinson Julia K. , Klein Joshua S. , Mallick Parag 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFluorescently labeled antibody and aptamer probes are used in biological studies to characterize binding interactions, measure concentrations of analytes, and sort cells. Fluorescent nanoparticle labels offer an excellent alternative to standard fluorescent labeling strategies due to their enhanced brightness, stability and multivalency; however, challenges in functionalization and characterization have impeded their use. This work introduces a straightforward approach for preparation of fluorescent nanoparticle probes using commercially available reagents and common laboratory equipment. Fluorescent polystyrene nanoparticles, Thermo Fisher Scientific FluoSpheres, were used in these proof-of-principle studies. Particle passivation was achieved by covalent attachment of amine-PEG-azide to carboxylated particles, neutralizing the surface charge from − 43 to − 15 mV. A conjugation-annealing handle and DNA aptamer probe were attached to the azide-PEG nanoparticle surface either through reaction of pre-annealed handle and probe or through a stepwise reaction of the nanoparticles with the handle followed by aptamer annealing. Nanoparticles functionalized with DNA aptamers targeting histidine tags and VEGF protein had high affinity (EC50s ranging from 3 to 12 nM) and specificity, and were more stable than conventional labels. This protocol for preparation of nanoparticle probes relies solely on commercially available reagents and common equipment, breaking down the barriers to use nanoparticles in biological experiments.
Population viability analysis of the endangered Dupont’s Lark Chersophilus duponti in Spain
Authors: García-Antón Alexander , Traba Juan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSteppe lands in Europe are critically affected by habitat loss and fragmentation, and hold over 50% of IUCN Red List bird species in Europe. Dupont’s Lark is a threatened steppe-specialist passerine whose European geographic range is restricted to Spain, with less than 2000 pairs and an annual population decline of − 3.9%. Its strongly fragmented habitat leads to a metapopulation structure in the Iberian Peninsula that includes 24 populations and 100 subpopulations. We present an updated Population Viability Analysis based on the latest scientific knowledge regarding distribution, population trends, breeding biology and connectivity. Our results predict metapopulation extinction in 2–3 decades, through a centripetal contraction process from the periphery to the core. The probability of extinction in 20 years was 84.2%, which supports its relisting to Endangered in Spain following IUCN criteria. We carried out a sensitivity analysis showing that some parameters, especially productivity and survival of adults and juveniles, help to increase metapopulation viability. Simulation of management scenarios showed that habitat restoration in a subset of key subpopulations had a positive effect on the overall metapopulation persistence. Translocations of a limited number of individuals from source to recipient locations may help to rescue the most endangered subpopulations without reducing the global time to extinction of the metapopulation. In addition, we identified the most critical areas for action, where local populations of the species are prone to extinction. This work suggests that the viability of the Dupont’s Lark metapopulation could be improved and its risk of extinction reduced if urgent and localized conservation measures are applied. In the short-term, habitat loss and fragmentation due to ploughing, reforestation and infrastructures implementation in Dupont’s Lark habitat must be avoided. Habitat restoration and translocations could help to avoid imminent extinction of critical subpopulations. Restoration of extensive grazing is recommended as the most effective way to achieve the long-term conservation of Dupont’s Lark in Spain.
Using machine learning methods for supporting GR2M model in runoff estimation in an ungauged basin
Authors: Ditthakit Pakorn , Pinthong Sirimon , Salaeh Nureehan , Binnui Fadilah , Khwanchum Laksanara , Pham Quoc Bao 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEstimating monthly runoff variation, especially in ungauged basins, is inevitable for water resource planning and management. The present study aimed to evaluate the regionalization methods for determining regional parameters of the rainfall-runoff model (i.e., GR2M model). Two regionalization methods (i.e., regression-based methods and distance-based methods) were investigated in this study. Three regression-based methods were selected including Multiple Linear Regression (MLR), Random Forest (RF), and M5 Model Tree (M5), and two distance-based methods included Spatial Proximity Approach and Physical Similarity Approach (PSA). Hydrological data and the basin's physical attributes were analyzed from 37 runoff stations in Thailand's southern basin. The results showed that using hydrological data for estimating the GR2M model parameters is better than using the basin's physical attributes. RF had the most accuracy in estimating regional GR2M model’s parameters by giving the lowest error, followed by M5, MLR, SPA, and PSA. Such regional parameters were then applied in estimating monthly runoff using the GR2M model. Then, their performance was evaluated using three performance criteria, i.e., Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE), Correlation Coefficient (r), and Overall Index (OI). The regionalized monthly runoff with RF performed the best, followed by SPA, M5, MLR, and PSA. The Taylor diagram was also used to graphically evaluate the obtained results, which indicated that RF provided the products closest to GR2M's results, followed by SPA, M5, PSA, and MLR. Our finding revealed the applicability of machine learning for estimating monthly runoff in the ungauged basins. However, the SPA would be recommended in areas where lacking the basin's physical attributes and hydrological information.
Higher hemoglobin levels are an independent risk factor for adverse metabolism and higher mortality in a 20-year follow-up
Authors: Tapio Joona , Vähänikkilä Hannu , Kesäniemi Y. Antero , Ukkola Olavi , Koivunen Peppi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to cross-sectionally and longitudinally examine whether higher hemoglobin (Hb) levels within the normal variation associate with key components of metabolic syndrome and total and cardiovascular mortality. The study included 967 Finnish subjects (age 40–59 years) followed for ≥ 20 years. The focus was on Hb levels, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and mortality rates. Higher Hb levels associated positively with key anthropometric and metabolic parameters at baseline. At the follow-up similar associations were seen in men. The highest Hb quartile showed higher leptin levels and lower adiponectin levels at baseline and follow-up (p < 0.05) and lower plasma ghrelin levels at baseline (p < 0.05). Higher baseline Hb levels associated independently with prevalence of type 2 diabetes at follow-up (p < 0.01). The highest Hb quartile associated with higher serum alanine aminotransferase levels (p < 0.001) and independently with increased risk for liver fat accumulation (OR 1.63 [1.03; 2.57]) at baseline. The highest Hb quartile showed increased risk for total (HR = 1.48 [1.01; 2.16]) and CVD-related mortality (HR = 2.08 [1.01; 4.29]). Higher Hb levels associated with an adverse metabolic profile, increased prevalence of key components of metabolic syndrome and higher risk for CVD-related and total mortality.
Dual solution for double-diffusive mixed convection opposing flow through a vertical cylinder saturated in a Darcy porous media containing gyrotactic microorganisms
Authors: Alsenafi Abdulaziz , Ferdows M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe steady mixed convection flow towards an isothermal permeable vertical cylinder nested in a fluid-saturated porous medium is studied. The Darcy model is applied to observe bioconvection through porous media. The suspension of gyrotactic microorganisms is considered for various applications in bioconvection. Appropriate similarity variables are opted to attain the dimensionless form of governing equations. The resulting momentum, energy, concentration, and motile microorganism density equations are then solved numerically. The resulting dual solutions are graphically visualized and physically analyzed. The results indicate that depending on the systems' parameters, dual solutions exist in opposing flow beyond a critical point where both solutions are connected. Our results were also compared with existing literature.
Age estimation using methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting (MS-HRM) in both healthy felines and those with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Qi Huiyuan , Kinoshita Kodzue , Mori Takashi , Matsumoto Kaori , Matsui Yukiko , Inoue-Murayama Miho 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAge is an important ecological tool in wildlife conservation. However, it is difficult to estimate in most animals, including felines—most of whom are endangered. Here, we developed the first DNA methylation-based age-estimation technique—as an alternative to current age-estimation methods—for two feline species that share a relatively long genetic distance with each other: domestic cat (Felis catus; 79 blood samples) and an endangered Panthera, the snow leopard (Panthera uncia; 11 blood samples). We measured the methylation rates of two gene regions using methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting (MS-HRM). Domestic cat age was estimated with a mean absolute deviation (MAD) of 3.83 years. Health conditions influenced accuracy of the model. Specifically, the models built on cats with chronic kidney disease (CKD) had lower accuracy than those built on healthy cats. The snow leopard-specific model (i.e. the model that resets the model settings for snow leopards) had a better accuracy (MAD = 2.10 years) than that obtained on using the domestic cat model directly. This implies that our markers could be utilised across species, although changing the model settings when targeting different species could lead to better estimation accuracy. The snow leopard-specific model also successfully distinguished between sexually immature and mature individuals.
IoT device fabrication using roll-to-roll printing process
Authors: Phung Thanh Huy , Gafurov Anton Nailevich , Kim Inyoung , Kim Sung Yong , Kim Kyoung Min , Lee Taik-Min 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWith the development of technology, wireless and IoT devices are increasingly used from daily life to industry, placing demands on rapid and efficient manufacturing processes. This study demonstrates the fabrication of an IoT device using a roll-to-roll printing process, which could shorten the device fabrication time and reduce the cost of mass production. Here, the fabricated IoT device is designed to acquire data through the sensor, process the data, and communicate with end-user devices via Bluetooth communication. For fabrication, a four-layer circuit platform consisting of two conductive layers, an insulating layer including through holes, and a solder resist layer is directly printed using a roll-to-roll screen printing method. After the printing of the circuit platform, an additional layer of solder paste is printed to assemble the electrical components into the device, inspiring the fully roll-to-roll process for device fabrication. Successful IoT device deployment opens the chance to broaden the roll-to-roll fabrication process to other flexible and multilayer electronic applications.
A case study on TBM cutterhead temperature monitoring and mud cake formation discrimination method
Authors: Fu Jie , Xia Yimin , Lan Hao , Wu Dun , Lin Laikuang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe mud cake is easily formed during the tunnel boring machine (TBM) excavation in clay soils or rocks containing clay minerals. Mud cake will lead to soil disturbance of tunnel face, clogging cutterhead and even affect the construction efficiency and personnel safety. In this study, a discrimination method of mud cake formation based on cutterhead temperature was proposed. An online monitoring system was designed and installed on the slurry balance TBM. The results show that: (a) the cutterhead temperature data can be reliably detected and transmitted by the system; (b) in a tunneling cycle, the temperature at some positions of the cutterhead will increase first and then decrease; (c) during the field test, the temperature variation is around 2.5 °C under the normal condition, but the temperature variation will increase more than 50 °C due to the mud cake or geological change; (d) compared with the cooling rate, mud cake formation can be accurately discriminated.