bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Between Internalized Weight Stigma During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: A Prospective Longitudinal Study
Authors: Dieterich Rachel , Chang Judy , Danford Cynthia , Scott Paul W. , Wend Caroline , Demirci Jill 
Published: April 2021

ObjectiveThis study aimed to examine the relationship between internalized weight stigma during pregnancy and breastfeeding outcomes at 1 month post partum among individuals with prepregnancy overweight or obesity. Secondarily, the study explored the temporal stability of internalized weight stigma from the third trimester to 1 month post partum via the Weight Bias Internalization Scale (WBIS).MethodsA total of 103 pregnant individuals with overweight or obesity were recruited for this study. Participants completed the WBIS during the third trimester and self‐reported breastfeeding initiation, continuation, and exclusivity outcomes at 1 month post partum. A paired t test and binomial logistic regression were conducted with covariates hierarchically added to the model.ResultsThe average prepregnancy BMI was 33.53 (SD 7.17) kg/m2 (range = 25.4‐62), and average prenatal WBIS scores were 25.95 (SD 11.83). No difference was found in mean prenatal and postpartum scores (25.95 [SD 11.83]; 26.86 [SD 13.03], respectively; t94 = −0.83, P = 0.41), evidencing temporal stability in WBIS scores from pre to post partum. Prenatal WBIS scores did not predict breastfeeding initiation, continuation, or exclusivity at 1 month post partum in either unadjusted or adjusted models.ConclusionsCollectively, this sample displayed low weight bias internalization, which was not predictive of breastfeeding initiation, continuation, or exclusivity at 1 month post partum. Future research is needed to develop a pregnancy‐specific weight stigma measure.
Pharmacotherapies for Post‐Bariatric Weight Regain: Real‐World Comparative Outcomes
Authors: Gazda Chellse L. , Clark John D. , Lingvay Ildiko , Almandoz Jaime P. 
Published: April 2021

ObjectiveThis study aimed to compare outcomes of treatment strategies for weight regain after bariatric surgery.MethodsThis is a retrospective analysis of 207 individuals treated for post‐bariatric weight regain at an academic center from January 1, 2014, through November 25, 2019. Percentage body weight loss was compared after 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of treatment among an intensive lifestyle modification (ILM) group, a non–glucagon‐like‐1 receptor agonist (GLP‐1‐RA)‐based weight‐loss pharmacotherapy (WLP) group, and a GLP‐1‐RA‐based WLP group (the latter two groups in conjunction with ILM).ResultsThe percentage body weight loss was significantly different between groups after 3 months (1.4% vs. 2.2% vs. 4.5% [P < 0.001] for ILM, non–GLP‐1‐RA‐based WLP, and GLP‐1‐RA‐based WLP groups, respectively), 6 months (0.8% vs. 2.9% vs. 6.7% [P < 0.001]), and 9 months (−1.6% vs. 5.6% vs. 6.9% [P = 0.007]). There was a significant difference in the percentage of individuals achieving ≥5% weight loss after 3, 6, and 9 months, with most occurring in the GLP‐1‐RA‐based WLP group. In a multiple regression analysis including bariatric surgery type, treatment group was the only significant predictor of percentage weight change.ConclusionsGLP‐1‐RA‐based WLP therapies were found to be more effective for treating post‐bariatric weight regain than non–GLP‐1‐RA‐based WLP or ILM, regardless of surgery type.
Design of alginate based micro‐gels via electro fluid dynamics to construct microphysiological cell culture systems
Authors: Cruz‐Maya Iriczalli , Altobelli Rosaria , Marrese Marica , Guarino Vincenzo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn the last decade, different technological approaches have been proposed for the fabrication of micro‐gels as cell carriers to investigate in vitro response. Among them, electro fluid dynamic atomization (EFDAs) is emerging as a highly versatile process that allows atomizing polymer solutions at the micrometric size scale by the application of high voltage electric field. Here, we propose to revisit the process configuration to optimize the fabrication of sodium alginate micro‐gels with different physical and mechanical properties and validate their use for in vitro culture with human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). By optical microscopy, we explored the strict correlation between particle morphology and process parameters, that is, voltage, flow rate, electrode gap and needle diameter. Meanwhile, by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, we investigated basic differences in terms of physical (i.e., swelling) and mechanical properties (i.e., stiffness), ascribable to alginates solutions with different concentrations. Lastly, in vitro tests confirmed the effect of physical properties of microgels on the biological response of hMSCs cultured onto the surface. In perspective, the integration of alginate with peculiar extracellular matrix (ECM) components (i.e., proteins, mineral phase) may contribute to assign specific biological functionalities to the microgels in order to reproduce 3D models to investigate in vivo‐like behavior of cells.
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Yechieli Raphael L. , Mandeville Henry C. , Hiniker Susan M. , Bernier‐Chastagner Valerie , McGovern Susan , Scarzello Giovanni , Wolden Suzanne , Cameron Alison , Breneman John , Fajardo Raquel Davila , Donaldson Sarah S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRhabdomyosarcoma is a heterogeneous disease both in presentation and histology. Improvements in a multimodality therapy resulted in the improved overall survival for patients with a low‐risk and intermediate‐risk disease but not for patients with a metastatic disease. We reviewed and contrasted the North American and European practice patterns, though ultimately the principles of staging, surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy are similar in both Children's Oncology Group and International Society of Paediatric Oncology treatment approaches. Efforts are underway to investigate improved local control rates in higher risk patients using radiation dose escalation strategies, and delayed primary excision in select cases. The prognostic significance of imaging‐based chemotherapy response, proton therapy, novel biomarkers, and targeted drugs will be determined in upcoming clinical trials.
Palliative radiation therapy for children with cancer
Authors: Tsang Derek S. , Vargo John Austin , Goddard Karen , Breneman John C. , Kalapurakal John A. , Marcus Karen J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRadiation therapy (RT) is often used as a palliative treatment for children with recurrent malignant disease to ameliorate or prevent symptoms. However, no guidelines exist regarding the clinical indications or dose fractionation for palliative RT. The goal of this report is to provide guidelines for the use of palliative RT in children with cancer. In this guideline, appropriate indications for palliative RT, recommended dose‐fractionation schedules, relevant toxicities, and avenues for future research are explored. RT is an effective palliative treatment for bone, brain, liver, lung, abdominopelvic and head‐and‐neck metastases, spinal cord compression, superior vena cava syndrome, and bleeding. Single‐fraction regimens (8 Gy in one fraction) for children with short life expectancy are recommended for simple, uncomplicated bone metastases and can be considered for some patients with lung or liver metastases. A short, hypofractionated regimen (20 Gy in five fractions) may be used for other indications to minimize overall burden of therapy. There are little data supporting use of more prolonged fractionation regimens, though they may be considered for patients with very good performance status. Future research should focus on response and outcomes data collection, and to rigorously evaluate the role of stereotactic body RT in well‐designed, prospective studies.
Radiation therapy for infants with cancer
Authors: Shen Colette J. , Perkins Stephanie M. , Bradley Julie A. , Mahajan Anita , Marcus Karen J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe clinical outcomes for infants with malignant tumors are often worse than older children due to a combination of more biologically aggressive disease in some cases, and increased toxicity—or deintensification of therapies due to concern for toxicity—in others. Especially in infants and very young children, finding the appropriate balance between maximizing treatment efficacy while minimizing toxicity—in particular late side effects—is crucial. We review here the management of malignant tumors in infants and very young children, focusing on central nervous system (CNS) malignancies and rhabdomyosarcoma.
Interrater agreement for sonographic stomach position classification in fetal diaphragmatic hernia across the North American Fetal Therapy Network
Authors: Abbasi Nimrah , Ryan Greg , Ruano Rodrigo , Sanz Cortes Magda , Ye Xiang Y. , Shah Prakesh S. , Filly Roy , Benachi Alexandra , Johnson Anthony ,   NAFTNet
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate inter‐rater agreement for sonographic classification of stomach position (as a surrogate for liver herniation) in fetal left congenital diaphragmatic hernia (LCDH) among: (i) fetal medicine specialists from the North American Fetal Therapy Network (NAFTNet) centers within and without the fetal endoscopic tracheal occlusion (FETO) consortium and in comparison to an expert external reviewer (ER1); and (iii) among two expert ERs (ER1 and ER2).MethodsForty‐eight physicians from 26 NAFTNet centers and 2 ERs were asked to assess 13 sonographic clips of isolated LCDH and classify stomach position as “intra‐abdominal,” “anterior left chest,” “mid to posterior left chest,” or “retro‐cardiac" based on the classification published by Basta et al.8 Interrater agreement was assessed by determining proportion of stomach position ratings concordant amongst NAFTNet participants and ER1. Agreement for stomach position between ERs was calculated using kappa statistics.ResultsAgreement for stomach position was 69% (39%–85%; n = 19) and 54% (23%–92%; n = 29) among FETO and non‐FETO NAFTNet participants, respectively, when compared to ER1. Most disagreement in stomach position was related to a discrepancy of one position. ERs were in agreement for stomach position in 5 of 13 cases (38.5%) and inter‐rater agreement was highest for “anterior” stomach position.ConclusionInterrater agreement for stomach position assessment in CDH was poor across NAFTNet and indeed amongst expert reviewers.
3Dprintability of highly ductile poly(ethylene glycol‐co‐cyclohexane‐1,4‐dimethanol terephthalate)‐EMAAblends
Authors: Silva Philipe A. P. , da Silva Aline Bruna , Erbetta Cynthia D'. Avila Carvalho , Santos João Paulo Ferreira , de Sousa Ricardo Geraldo , Oréfice Rodrigo Lambert 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this work, ionomers were employed to improve the adhesion between 3D printed layers of poly(ethylene glycol‐co‐cyclohexane‐1,4‐dimethanol terephthalate) (PETG), a commonly used polymer in 3D printing. The printability, rheology, and mechanical properties of PETG were tailored by incorporating poly(ethylene‐co‐methacrylic acid) neutralized with sodium (EMAA), a soft ionomer. PETG/EMAA polymer blends were prepared by melt extrusion to yield filaments for 3D fused filament fabrication (FFF) printing in different compositions by weight: 70/30, 50/50, and 30/70. The filaments and 3D printed samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, rheological and tensile tests. The results revealed that the interaction between PETG and EMAA favored the production of 3D printed samples with enhanced adhesion of layers, ductility, and toughness compared to neat PETG. Increases of 83.5 times in toughness and 86.4 times in ductility were achieved. The blends 30/70 and 50/50 presented the best printability in terms of adhesion between printed layers and mechanical properties.
Registration of spring malting barley germplasm ARS84‐27, ARS98‐31, and ARS10‐82
Authors: Hu G. , Evans C. P. , Satterfield K. , Ellberg S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGermplasm lines are the most important genetic resources for cultivar development. ARS84‐27 (Reg. no. GP‐212, PI 693601), ARS98‐31 (Reg. no. GP‐213, PI 693602), and ARS10‐82 (Reg. no. GP‐214, PI 693603) are three high‐yield and good malting quality two‐rowed spring malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) germplasm lines developed by the USDA‐ARS breeding program at Aberdeen, ID. All three germplasm lines were evaluated in 27 irrigated and 14 dryland trials. ARS10‐82 had significantly higher yield than all the checks, and ARS98‐31 and ARS84‐27 were competitive with the best check cultivar ‘Voyager’ (Busch Agricultural Resources). Malting evaluation results showed acceptable quality profiles with specific quality traits including high extract, low protein content, and low beta‐glucan for the years tested. They are all classified as moderately resistant to Fusarium head blight infection with low deoxynivalenol (DON) levels.
Social support and siblings of children with cancer: A scoping review
Authors: Wawrzynski Sarah E. , Schaefer Megan R. , Schvaneveldt Nena , Alderfer Melissa A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveSocial support is essential in healthy adjustment to life stressors. This scoping review examines how social support has been conceptualized, operationalized, and studied among siblings of children with cancer. Gaps in the current literature are identified, and future research directions are proposed.MethodsA rigorous systematic scoping review framework guided our process. Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Scopus were searched for literature regarding social support and siblings of children with cancer. After screening, 57 articles were identified (n = 26 quantitative, n = 21 qualitative, and n = 10 multi‐method) and their content extracted for summarization.ResultsThe majority of studies (n = 43, 75.4%) were descriptive; 14 (24.6%) included interventions, and of those, four were experimental. Few studies used a clearly defined theoretical framework, or validated tools to measure social support. Studies explored perceived social support needs of siblings, the provision and availability of formal support through interventions and related outcomes, and informal family social supports. A variety of support types were found to be helpful to siblings in different ways.ConclusionsSocial support is a prevalent topic in the literature regarding siblings of children with cancer. It is unclear what types of support are most important due to how it has been conceptualized and measured. Despite some methodological limitations, greater levels of social support have been linked to better adaptation among siblings of children with cancer. Future work is warranted to identify the most beneficial types of support for siblings based on their age, developmental stage, and the cancer trajectory.
Association between cancer stigma and job loss among cancer survivors
Authors: Shim Sungkeun , Kang Danbee , Bae Ka Ryeong , Lee Woo Yong , Nam Seok Jin , Sohn Tae Sung , Jeong Byong Chang , Sinn Dong Hyun , Kweon Sun Seog , Shim Young Mog , Cho Juhee 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectivePrevious qualitative studies found cancer stigma was associated with work discrimination and job loss among cancer patients. This study aims to quantify the association between cancer stigma and job loss among cancer survivors.MethodsFor this study, we used the data from a face‐to‐face cross sectional survey conducted at two cancer hospitals in Seoul and Hwasun in South Korea from October 2017 to March 2018. Cancer stigma was assessed using a validated questionnaire which consists of 12 items in three domains: (a) impossibility of recovery; (b) stereotypes; and (c) discrimination. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to evaluate the association between cancer stigma and job loss adjusting age, sex, marital status, education, job type, residence area, cancer site, stage, comorbidity, time since diagnosis, and self‐efficacy.ResultsAmong 433 cancer survivors, 24.0% lost their jobs after cancer, and 20.7% experienced discrimination at work. Of total, 21.7% of the survivors agreed that it was difficult to treat cancer regardless of highly developed medical science. Survivors with stigma on impossibility of recovery and stereotypes were 3.10 (95% confidence interval [CI]: [1.76, 5.44]) and 2.10 (95% CI: [1.20, 3.67]) times more likely to lose a job than survivors without cancer stigma. Survivors with discrimination experience at work had 1.98 (95% CI: [1.05, 3.74]) times higher risk of losing a job than survivors without it.ConclusionsSurvivors with cancer stigma were more likely to lose their jobs than survivors without cancer stigma. Considering its social and economic impact on job loss, comprehensive interventions for working cancer survivors as well as public campaigns against cancer stigma would be necessary.
Respiratory setback associated with extubation failure in extremely preterm infants
Authors: Gupta Dhruv , Greenberg Rachel G. , Natarajan Girija , Jani Sanket , Sharma Amit , Cotten Michael , Thomas Ronald , Chawla Sanjay 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesExtubation failure in preterm infants is associated with an increased risk of mortality and morbidity. There is limited evidence to suggest if the increased morbidities are due to inherent differences among infants who fail or succeed; or whether these are due to a true respiratory setback among those who fail extubation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the respiratory status of infants who fail extubation and to assess the time taken for these infants to achieve pre‐extubation respiratory status.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of infants with birth weight ≤ 1250 g who were born between January 2009 and December 2016. Infants were eligible if they failed first elective extubation. Extubation failure was defined as need for re‐intubation within 5 days of extubation. Ventilator settings, blood gas parameters, respiratory severity score (RSS), and ventilation index (VI) were used to assess the respiratory status of infants.ResultsOut of 384 infants, 76% were successful and 24% failed extubation. Among those who failed extubation 91%, 77%, and 56% infants remained intubated at 24 h, 72 h, and 7 days, respectively. Respiratory status was worse at 24 and 72 h after re‐intubation when compared to pre‐extubation levels. The median times for RSS and VI to reach pre‐extubation levels were 4 and 7 days, respectively.ConclusionAmong preterm infants, failed elective extubation is associated with a significant setback in the respiratory status. Infants who fail an extubation attempt may not achieve pre‐extubation respiratory status for many days after reintubation.
Parthenogenesis in UK field populations of the tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta, exposed to the mating disruptor Isonet T
Authors: Grant Charles , Jacobson Rob , Bass Chris 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta is a damaging pest of tomato crops worldwide. In the UK T. absoluta is controlled using an integrated pest management (IPM) strategy that includes pheromone‐based mating disruption. However, some growers have reported a loss of efficacy of this technology, and there are concerns that T. absoluta may evolve resistance via changes in its capacity to reproduce asexually. In this study we investigated the reproductive capacity of virgin populations of T. absoluta collected from a UK glasshouse before (EVH2016) and after (EVH2019) the introduction of the mating disrupter Isonet T.RESULTSIn line with earlier reports, we demonstrate that UK populations of T. absoluta can reproduce parthenogenetically, and observed a small but significant increase in the rate of parthenogenesis associated with the use of Isonet T. Marked differences in several other life history traits associated with reproduction were also observed between the two virgin populations, with the EVH2019 strain producing fewer eggs, a delayed onset of egg laying and increased lifespan.CONCLUSIONThe low rate of parthenogenetic reproduction seen in this study is unlikely to result in loss of efficacy of mating disruption. However, the observed changes in longevity and egg laying may allow T. absoluta to persist for longer within the crop, and, together with the increased rate of parthenogenesis, may reflect selection from the use of Isonet T. Thus, regular monitoring of the reproductive capacity of UK populations should be conducted, and mating disruption used only as part of IPM to avoid the emergence of resistance. © 2021 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Strategies for discovering resistance‐breaking, safe and sustainable commercial herbicides with novel modes of action and chemotypes
Authors: Hachisu Shuji 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFarmers need to manage weeds to grow and harvest crops that are essential to our food and energy supply, and herbicides are the most important tool in the farmers' armory to combat weeds. There is now a crisis in agriculture that has been brought about by herbicides being rendered ineffective by resistant weeds or withdrawn from the market due to safety concerns. Efficacious herbicides with novel modes of action (MoAs) and chemotypes are urgently needed to control resistant weeds and satisfy public and regulators' stringent requirements for safe and sustainable products. This article explores the main strategies being deployed by academic and industrial institutions to discover the next generation of commercial herbicides: phenotypic and in vitro target based approaches. There are early signs that much needed innovation and herbicidal products with novel MoAs are on the horizon from start‐ups and established agrochemical companies. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
The impact of sublethal permethrin exposure on susceptible and resistant genotypes of the urban disease vector Aedes aegypti
Authors: Rigby Lisa M , Johnson Brian J , Peatey Christopher L , Beebe Nigel W , Devine Gregor J 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn urban environments, some of the most common control tools used against the mosquito disease vector Aedes aegypti are pyrethroid insecticides applied as aerosols, fogs or residual sprays. Their efficacy is compromised by patchy deployment, aging residues, and the evolution and invasion of pyrethroid‐resistant mosquitoes. A large proportion of mosquitoes in a given environment will therefore receive sublethal doses of insecticide. The potential impact of this sublethal exposure on the behaviour and biology of Ae. aegypti carrying commonly reported resistance alleles is poorly documented.RESULTSIn susceptible insects, sublethal exposure to permethrin resulted in reductions in egg viability (13.9%), blood avidity (16.7%) and male mating success (28.3%). It caused a 70% decrease in the lifespan of exposed susceptible females and a 66% decrease in the insecticide‐resistant females from the parental strain. Exposure to the same dose of insecticide in the presence of the isolated kdr genotype resulted in a smaller impact on female longevity (a 58% decrease) but a 26% increase in eggs per female and a 37% increase in male mating success. Sublethal permethrin exposure reduced host‐location success by 20–30% in all strains.CONCLUSIONThe detrimental effects of exposure on susceptible insects were expected, but resistant insects demonstrated a less predictable range of responses, including negative effects on longevity and host‐location but increases in fecundity and mating competitiveness. Overall, sublethal insecticide exposure is expected to increase the competitiveness of resistant phenotypes, acting as a selection pressure for the evolution of permethrin resistance. © 2021 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.