bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Technical Note: Improved partial wavelet coherency for understanding scale-specific and localized bivariate relationships in geosciences
Authors: Hu Wei , Si Bing 
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Bivariate wavelet coherency is a measure of correlation between two variables in the location–scale (spatial data) or time–frequency (time series) domain. It is particularly suited to geoscience, where relationships between multiple variables differ with locations (times) and/or scales (frequencies) because of the various processes involved. However, it is well-known that bivariate relationships can be misleading when both variables are dependent on other variables. Partial wavelet coherency (PWC) has been proposed to detect scale-specific and localized bivariate relationships by excluding the effects of other variables but is limited to one excluding variable and provides no phase information. We aim to develop a new PWC method that can deal with multiple excluding variables and provide phase information. Both stationary and non-stationary artificial datasets with the response variable being the sum of five cosine waves at 256 locations are used to test the method. The new method was also applied to a free water evaporation dataset. Our results verified the advantages of the new method in capturing phase information and dealing with multiple excluding variables. Where there is one excluding variable, the new PWC implementation produces higher and more accurate PWC values than the previously published PWC implementation that mistakenly considered bivariate real coherence rather than bivariate complex coherence. We suggest the PWC method is used to untangle scale-specific and localized bivariate relationships after removing the effects of other variables in geosciences. The PWC implementations were coded with Matlab and are freely accessible (https://figshare.com/s/bc97956f43fe5734c784, last access: 14 January 2021).
Ordering of trajectories reveals hierarchical finite-time coherent sets in Lagrangian particle data: detecting Agulhas rings in the South Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Wichmann David , Kehl Christian , Dijkstra Henk A. , van Sebille Erik 
Published: January 2021

Abstract. The detection of finite-time coherent particle sets in Lagrangian trajectory data, using data-clustering techniques, is an active research field at the moment. Yet, the clustering methods mostly employed so far have been based on graph partitioning, which assigns each trajectory to a cluster, i.e. there is no concept of noisy, incoherent trajectories. This is problematic for applications in the ocean, where many small, coherent eddies are present in a large, mostly noisy fluid flow. Here, for the first time in this context, we use the density-based clustering algorithm of OPTICS (ordering points to identify the clustering structure; Ankerst et al., 1999) to detect finite-time coherent particle sets in Lagrangian trajectory data. Different from partition-based clustering methods, derived clustering results contain a concept of noise, such that not every trajectory needs to be part of a cluster. OPTICS also has a major advantage compared to the previously used density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) method, as it can detect clusters of varying density. The resulting clusters have an intrinsically hierarchical structure, which allows one to detect coherent trajectory sets at different spatial scales at once. We apply OPTICS directly to Lagrangian trajectory data in the Bickley jet model flow and successfully detect the expected vortices and the jet. The resulting clustering separates the vortices and the jet from background noise, with an imprint of the hierarchical clustering structure of coherent, small-scale vortices in a coherent, large-scale background flow. We then apply our method to a set of virtual trajectories released in the eastern South Atlantic Ocean in an eddying ocean model and successfully detect Agulhas rings. We illustrate the difference between our approach and partition-based k-means clustering using a 2D embedding of the trajectories derived from classical multidimensional scaling. We also show how OPTICS can be applied to the spectral embedding of a trajectory-based network to overcome the problems of k-means spectral clustering in detecting Agulhas rings.
Approximation derived from a scalar exclusive particle associating with covert focus: The case of Hebrew <italic>be-sax ha-kol</italic>
Authors: Orenstein Dina , Greenberg Yael 
Published: January 2021

We propose a unifying analysis of two readings – exclusive and approximative – of the Hebrew particle be-sax ha-kol, arguing that under both the particle is a scalar focus sensitive exclusive, expressing a positive and a negative inference, i.e. the truth of its prejacent and the exclusion of stronger focus alternatives, respectively. The difference between the readings is argued to derive from a minimal difference in the overtness vs. covertness of the focus associate of be-sax ha-kol: Whereas the exclusive reading is standardly derived by associating the particle with overt and prosodically marked material, the approximative reading results from its association with the covert pos modifier of gradable expressions, resulting in an “x is pos A, but not maximally A” inference.We show that this approximative reading is only licensed when the scale associated with the gradable expression is upper-bound, but the standard of comparison is not necessarily maximal, pace Kennedy &amp; McNally (2005), and compare it with the effects of true approximators (like more or less). We also observe that relative to only and to the exclusive reading of be-sax ha-kol, the at-issueness status of the positive and negative components in the approximative reading is reversed, being at-issue vs. not-at-issue, respectively. We discuss this observation in light of claims about the mirror imaged status of components of only vs. p-exh in Bassi et al. (2019), and in light of theories arguing for the gradience of at-issueness status and its sensitivity to information structure (e.g. Abrusán 2011; Tonhauser et al. 2018).
The representation and processing of distributivity and collectivity: ambiguity vs. underspecification
Authors: Dotlačil Jakub , Brasoveanu Adrian 
Published: January 2021

Sentences with plural expressions can receive at least two interpretations. For example, the sentence The boys hold a balloon could mean that the boys as a group jointly hold one balloon (the collective reading) or that each boy holds one balloon, which would imply that as many balloons were held as there are boys (the distributive reading). Building on Frazier et al. (1999), we show that the human processor favors collective readings. Crucially, the preference for collective readings is only observed when the distributive reading has to be established through the means of phrasal distributivity (e.g., triggered by distributive quantifiers), and the preference disappears in case of lexical distributivity (e.g., the distributive interpretation of win). The findings provide evidence for different mental representations of the two types of distributivity and shed light on why the processor exhibits a default preference for collective interpretations.
Phytochemical and antioxidant properties of Diodia sarmentosa swartz leaves
Authors: Chinedu Okoroafor Henry , Emenike Awagu Fidelis , Augusta Azeke Ehijie 
Published: January 2021

This research studied proximate, phytochemical and antioxidant properties of Diodia sarmentosa leaves. The ethanol and aqueous extracts of the leaves significantly inhibited 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPHo) radical formation with IC50 values of 10.994 and 10.121 μg/mL respectively, compared to the ascorbic acid standard (IC50 value = 17.916 μg/mL).The aqueous extract exhibited more inhibitory effect on thiobarbituric acid-reactive species (TBARS) with IC50 values of 2.657 μg/mL while the ethanol extract had an IC50 value of 8.53 μg/mL compared to butylated hydroxytoluene standard (IC50 = 2.142 μg/mL). For the total antioxidant capacity assay, the aqueous extract had higher ascorbic acid equivalent values than the ethanol extract. However, the two solvent extracts showed antioxidant activity. Diodia sarmentosa leaves possess useful phytochemicals which are indicative of its antioxidant properties.
The assessment of phagocytic and bactericidal activity of platelets and plasma bactericidal activity in late preterm newborns*
Authors: Wasiluk Alicja , Kicel-Wesolowska Barbara , Milewski Robert , Matowicka-Karna Joanna 
Published: January 2021

Summary

Background
The aim of the study was to compare the phagocytic and bactericidal properties of blood platelets and the plasma bactericidal activity in 66 late preterm (LPN) and 74 full-term newborns (FTN).

Materials/Methods
Blood samples were collected from the umbilical artery. Bacteria of the Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538P were used for the tests.

Results
Platelet counts in LPN vs FTN were the following: 225 vs 258.5 (×103/μL), p = 0.003. The percentage of phagocytic platelets was the following: Me = 1.1 in LTN vs Me = 1.1 in FTN. The phagocytic index was the following: Me = 1 for both LPN and FTN. The phagocytic properties of platelets increased as the birth weight increased. The bactericidal activity of platelets was the following: Me = 0; (average = 0.7) in LPN vs Me = 0; (average = 0.8) in FTN. The median plasma bactericidal activity in LPN was 41.6 vs 43.8, in FTN, p = 0.027. The bactericidal capacity of plasma increased with increasing fetal age and birth weight of newborns. sP-selectin was: 63.9 ng/ml in LPN vs 71 ng/ml in FTN, p = 0.026. IL-6 in LPN was 3.6 vs 3.9 (pg/ml) in FTN, p = 0.02.

Conclusion
Late preterm newborns have lower defensive capacity against infection than full-term newborns, due to lower platelets count, lower plasma bactericidal activity and lower sP-selectin concentration, which cooperates with neutrophils, monocytes in fighting against infection. All newborns had similar phagocytic and bactericidal properties of platelets.
Parental divorce, interparental conflict, and parent-child relationships in Spanish young adults
Authors: Smith-Etxeberria Klara , Eceiza Amaia 
Published: January 2021

El principal objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las asociaciones entre el divorcio parental y el conflicto interparental con la calidad de las relaciones paterno-filiales y materno-filiales, en una muestra española de 1078 adultos jóvenes. También se analizó la función moderadora del género de estos adultos jóvenes. Nuestros resultados sugirieron que el conflicto interparental se asocia con relaciones paterno-filiales y materno-filiales de menor calidad, mientras que el divorcio parental se asocia de forma más negativa con la calidad de la relación con el padre que con la madre. Además, el género de los hijos adultos únicamente moderó la asociación entre el divorcio parental y la calidad de las relaciones paterno-filiales, de manera que las mujeres de familias divorciadas obtienen puntuaciones más bajas en la calidad de la relación paterno-filial que las mujeres de familias no divorciadas. Los resultados aportan mayor información a la literatura empírica existente y promueven una mejor comprensión de las asociaciones complejas existentes entre el divorcio y conflicto parental con la calidad de las relaciones parento-filiales, en un contexto cultural donde hay escasa investigación sobre el tema.
The main aim of this study was to analyze the associations between parental divorce and interparental conflict with father-child and mother-child relationship quality, in a Spanish young adult sample. The moderating effect of adult child´s gender was also analyzed. Using a sample of 1,078 Spanish young adults, our results suggested that interparental conflict was more strongly associated with lower mother-child and father-child relationship quality, and that parental divorce was more strongly associated with father-child relationship quality than with mother-child relationship quality. In addition, adult child´s gender only moderated the effect of parental divorce on father-child relationship quality, such that women from divorced families score lower on father-child relationship quality than women from non-divorced families. Findings add to the existing literature and promote a better comprehension of the complex associations between parental divorce and conflict with parent-child relationship quality in an understudied cultural context.
Propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Satisfacción Familiar en familias uruguayas
Authors: Costa-Ball César , Cracco Cecilia 
Published: January 2021

El objetivo del trabajo fue analizar las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Satisfacción Familiar de Olson (2010). La satisfacción familiar ha sido evaluada por clínicos e investigadores, en particular en vinculación con el Modelo Circumplejo de los Sistemas Maritales y Familiares. Sin embargo, son escasos los estudios de adaptación de la técnica en el idioma español. Partiendo del proceso de traducción y datos preliminares de fiabilidad, se realizó un estudio de tipo instrumental con una muestra de 385 familias de población general, con los objetivos de obtener evidencias de validez y fiabilidad de la escala. Los resultados del análisis factorial confirmatorio muestran un buen ajuste de los datos a una estructura unidimensional, con un índice de fiabilidad alto. Los análisis de validez externa se realizaron con el resto de las escalas FACES IV, con resultados esperables según el modelo teórico. Para obtener datos de validez de criterio, se comparó los resultados obtenidos por una muestra clínica (N = 77) con una submuestra equivalente de los participantes, hallando diferencias significativas entre los dos grupos. Se concluye que la Escala de Satisfacción Familiar es una técnica válida y fiable para la evaluación de la satisfacción en familias uruguayas.
The aim of the present study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Family Satisfaction Scale (Olson, 2010). Family satisfaction has been evaluated by clinicians and researchers, particularly in relation to the Circumplex Model of Marital and Family Systems. Despite its widespread use, there are few adaptations to Spanish. Based on the translation process and preliminary reliability data, an instrumental study was conducted with a sample of 385 families from the general population, with the aim of obtaining evidence supporting the validity and reliability of the scale. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis show a good adjustment of the data to a one-dimensional structure, with a high reliability index. The external validity analyzes were performed with the rest of the FACES IV scales, with expected results according to the theoretical model. To obtain criterion validity data, we compared the results obtained in a clinical sample (N = 77) with an equivalent subsample of the participants, finding significant differences between the two groups. It is concluded that the Family Satisfaction Scale is a valid and reliable technique for the assessment of satisfaction in Uruguayan families.
Validation of a brief version of the Inventory of Life Factors Interfering Grief and Complicated Grief (ILFIGv2)
Authors: Villacieros Marta , Sánchez Patricia , Bermejo Jose-Carlos , Magaña Marisa , Rodil Valentin 
Published: January 2021

Existen algunas circunstancias vitales que pueden interferir el proceso de duelo normal. El Inventario de Factores Vitales que Interfieren Duelo y Duelo Complicado (IFVID) se publicó por primera vez, con el fin de identificar estos factores, en 2017. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo validar una versión breve del cuestionario, el IFVIDv2. En esta segunda versión, las seis dimensiones del cuestionario (Culpa, Herencia, Economía, Sexualidad, Inmortalidad y Sensación de presencia) se ocultaron y se redujeron a 24 el número de ítems. Con una muestra total de 248 encuestados, se contrastó una estructura de seis factores mediante análisis factorial confirmatorio. El modelo resultante obtuvo índices de ajuste razonables: χ2(237) = 383.409, p < .001; CFI = 0.984, TLI = 0.981; RMSEA = 0.050, 95% CI [0.041 – 0.059], aportando pruebas de validez basadas en la estructura interna del inventario. También se obtuvieron pruebas de validez basadas en la relación con otras variables por asociación con criterio externo. En cuanto a la fiabilidad, todas las subescalas del IFVIDv2 obtuvieron coeficientes alfa de Cronbach y omega por encima de .70 y .80, respectivamente. Se ha validado una versión breve de IFVID que constituye un instrumento con posibilidad de prevenir y evitar el prolongamiento del duelo, ya que es capaz de detectar aspectos no expresados que, según los dolientes, necesitan atención.
There are some life circumstances that can interfere with a normal mourning process. In order to identify these factors, the Inventory of Life Factors Interfering Grief and Complicated Grief (ILFIG) was first published in 2017. The present study aims to validate a briefer version of the questionnaire, the ILFIGv2. In this second version, the six dimensions of the questionnaire (Guilt, Inheritance, Economy, Sexuality, Immortality and Sense of presence) were hidden, and the items were reduced to 24. With a total sample of 248 respondents, a six-factor structure was tested. Confirmatory factorial analysis model obtained reasonable goodness of fit indices: χ2(237) = 383.409, p < .001; CFI = 0.984, TLI = 0.981; RMSEA = 0.050, 95% CI [0.041 – 0.059], providing validity evidences based on the internal structure of the test. Validity evidences based on the relation with other variables were also provided by external criteria correlation. Regarding reliability, all the subscales of the ILFIGv2 obtained Cronbach’s alpha and omega coefficients above .70 and .80, respectively. A brief version of ILFIG has been validated. It heralds a potential means to prevent and avoid grief lengthening, as it can measure unexpressed aspects which, according to grievers, demand attention.
Individualisation dans le classement et continuité dans les services aux élèves ayant un trouble du spectre de l’autisme en maternelle
Authors: Fahmi Naima , Poirier Nathalie 
Published: January 2021

Contexte théorique

: Les enfants ayant un TSA entrant en maternelle constituent un groupe hétérogène, tant par leurs caractéristiques individuelles que par leur parcours éducatif préalable. De surcroît, les possibilités de classement et les services éducatifs complémentaires offerts à ces élèves sont multiples. Ainsi, l’individualisation et la continuité lors du passage vers la maternelle est complexe dû au grand nombre de variables dont il faut tenir compte afin de répondre à leurs profils individuels.

Objectifs

: Cet article s’applique à décrire les profils des élèves ayant un TSA entrant en maternelle dans les écoles publiques québécoises francophones, les services dont ils bénéficiaient à la petite enfance et les services éducatifs complémentaires reçus lors de la maternelle. Il vise également à comparer les services reçus à la petite enfance à ceux du milieu scolaire. Finalement, il cherche à déterminer dans quelle mesure les caractéristiques comportementales et cognitives ainsi que le diagnostic de l’élève permettent de prédire son classement scolaire et l’offre de services éducatifs complémentaires.

Méthode

: Les données ont été recueillies par questionnaire auprès de 100 parents d’enfants présentant un TSA. Des analyses quantitatives ont été effectuées.

Résultats

: Les résultats confirment que les enfants ayant un TSA se distinguent entre eux par leur profil cognitif, langagier, comportemental et leur histoire éducative en petite enfance. Ils révèlent aussi une certaine continuité de service et une individualisation partielle.

Conclusion

: Malgré les politiques gouvernementales, le classement et la continuité dans les services éducatifs ne sont pas encore complètement adaptés aux profils individuels des élèves ayant un TSA.
L’identification des rôles dans un trafic de stupéfiants par la géolocalisation des données téléphoniques recueillies au cours de l’enquête
Authors: Keating12 Sorcha , Rossy Quentin , Esseiva Pierre 
Published: January 2021

La surveillance téléphonique est un des principaux moyens utilisés dans les enquêtes sur le trafic de stupéfiants afin de reconstituer l’activité délictueuse, identifier les acteurs impliqués, déterminer leurs rôles respectifs et les localiser. À ce jour, les recherches sur l’exploitation de la téléphonie afin d’étudier des groupes criminels portent principalement sur les transcriptions des communications intégrées dans les décisions de justice. Cette recherche exploratoire bénéficie quant à elle d’un accès privilégié aux données de téléphonie provenant de mesures de surveillance en temps réel et rétroactive durant l’enquête. Cette recherche se focalise sur le lien entre le rôle d’un individu impliqué dans le trafic de stupéfiants et les patterns spatiaux détectés dans les traces téléphoniques. La question de recherche posée est : le rôle d’un acteur, à savoir la fonction qu’il remplit et la place qu’il occupe au sein du groupe, peut-il être inféré à partir de ses activités téléphoniques ? Cet article aborde cette question à travers l’analyse spatio-temporelle des contrôles téléphoniques rétroactifs et en temps réel de 20 individus distincts impliqués dans le trafic de stupéfiants. Les individus sélectionnés sont répartis selon trois rôles : livreurs, grossistes ou semi-grossistes et transporteurs. Pour mesurer leur mobilité, la localisation médiane, l’aire de l’enveloppe convexe, et la moyenne des distances parcourues par jour sont notamment calculées pour chaque individu et par type de rôle. Les résultats soutiennent l’hypothèse selon laquelle le rôle de l’utilisateur influence les patterns observés dans ses données téléphoniques. Les transporteurs semblent ainsi pouvoir être différenciés des livreurs et grossistes selon des patterns géographiques identifiables. Les livreurs semblent également pouvoir être différenciés des grossistes. Ces résultats tendent à confirmer l’approche proposée et révèlent un potentiel d’exploration des données de téléphonie pour inférer le rôle des acteurs dans un trafic.
Les défis de la réinsertion sociale
Authors: Dubois1 Marie-Ève , Ouellet Frédéric 
Published: January 2021

La réinsertion sociale est un processus parsemé d’embûches au cours duquel un individu faisant face à la justice peut bénéficier d’interventions lui permettant d’être une personne autonome, intégrée à sa communauté et respectueuse des lois. Puisque l’état actuel des connaissances ne permet généralement pas d’aller au-delà de l’identification des difficultés qui surviennent dans ce processus, cette étude qualitative exploratoire a pour objectif d’examiner en profondeur les défis rencontrés par des hommes en maison de transition dans le cadre de leur processus de réinsertion sociale. L’analyse de contenu des entretiens (n = 16) a permis de distinguer six catégories de défis, soit le retour à la liberté, la situation financière et occupationnelle, le réseau social, le développement personnel, la stigmatisation et l’hébergement en maison de transition. Des particularités chez certains profils (durée de la sentence, délinquance sexuelle) ont été relevées. Les résultats sont discutés en regard des théories du désistement criminel. L’exercice souligne entre autres que certaines conditions légales et la stigmatisation des personnes judiciarisées créent des enjeux de contre-productivité.