bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of adverse childhood experience and social support type in postpartum depression in Turkey
Authors: Ilter Bahadur Evin , Asena Muhammed , Yavuz Yılmaz , Karabulut Erdem , Ozmert Elif Nursel 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundImproved knowledge of causal and protective factors is crucial for Postpartum depression (PPD) prevention and management.AimsTo investigate the relationship between adverse childhood experience (ACE), perceived social support and PPD in a middle‐income non‐Western country, and to investigate which type of ACE and which sources of social support were associated with PPD.MethodsThe study was cross‐sectional study and conducted in a one center from Turkey during March–June 2019. Women up to 1‐week postpartum were included in the study. The Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS), a validated ACE questionnaire, and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support were completed.ResultsNine hundred women took part in the study. The proportion identified with PPD and ACE were 10% and 8.8%, respectively. In bivariate analysis, having previous PPD, unwanted pregnancy, insufficient antenatal care, low family income, history of ACE, and perception of low social support were associated with PPD (p < 0.05). Family support was perceived as beneficial, in both women with no history or ≥2 instances of ACE. However, perceived support from friends and/or a special person was lowest in the ≥2 ACE group (p < 0.05). In logistic regression, unwanted pregnancy, emotional abuse, and neglect, incarceration of a household member, and poor special person support were factors significantly associated with developing PPD (p = 0.005).ConclusionsEmotional abuse, neglect, household dysfunction, and perceived poor support from a special person were risk factors for PPD. A history of maternal childhood trauma and poor social support might indicate the need for early PPD interventions.
Hepatitis B screening practices and viral control among persons living with HIV in urban Senegal
Authors: Ramírez Mena Adrià , Tine Judicaël M. , Fortes Louise , Ndiaye Ousseynou , Ka Daye , Ngom Ndeye Fatou , Ramette Alban , Bittel Pascal , Seydi Moussa , Wandeler Gilles ,   for SEN‐B
Published: October 2021

AbstractChronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection affects >10% of the general population and is the leading cause of liver cirrhosis and cancer in West Africa. Despite current recommendations, HBV is often not tested for in clinical routine in the region. We included all people living with HIV (PLWH) in care between March and July 2019 at Fann University Hospital in Dakar (Senegal) and proposed hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) test to those never tested. All HBsAg‐positive underwent HIV and HBV viral load (VL) and liver stiffness measurement. We evaluated, using logistic regression, potential associations between patient characteristics and (a) HBV testing uptake; (b) HIV/HBV co‐infection among individual HBsAg tested. We determined the proportion of co‐infected who had HBV DNA >20 IU/ml on ART and sequenced HBV polymerase in those with HBV replication.of 1076 PLWH in care, 689 (64.0%) had never had an HBsAg test prior to our HBV testing intervention. Women and individuals >40 years old were less likely to have been previously tested. After HBV testing intervention,107/884 (12.1%) PLWH were HBsAg‐positive. Seven of 58 (12.1%) individuals newly diagnosed with HIV/HBV co‐infection had a detectable HBV VL, of whom five were HIV‐suppressed. Two patients on ART including 3TC and AZT as backbone showed the presence of the triple resistance mutation 180M/204I/80V. In this Senegalese urban HIV clinic, the majority of patients on ART had never been tested for HBV infection. One in ten co‐infected individuals had a detectable HBV VL despite HIV suppression, and 8% were not receiving a TDF‐containing regimen.
Teaching Peace After George Floyd: Notes from St. Paul
Authors: Aguilar‐San Juan Karín 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn the weeks and months after George Floyd’s killing at the hands of the police, gun violence and premature death continued to spur Minnesotans and the rest of the nation to massive street protests for police and prison abolition. Undergraduate students in St. Paul, Minnesota, found themselves at the global epicenter of grassroots political action, sometimes with little formal grounding in social movement theories or the history of peace and justice struggles. To make the study of peace, justice, and social movements relevant and compelling for an increasingly multiracial generation of young activists, this article links concepts from disparate scholarly frameworks, including Asian American activist studies and the history of the Vietnam antiwar movement.
The relationship between the severity of insomnia and falls in the elderly
Authors: İleri İbrahim , Borazan Funda Yıldırım , Cavusoglu Cagatay , Göker Berna 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundInsomnia is associated with depression, cognitive impairment, hypertension, myocardial infarction, stroke, metabolic syndrome and prostate cancer in the elderly. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between severity of insomnia and falls.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted in a single geriatric outpatient clinic at a university teaching hospital. Patients with active infection, who could not complete insomnia severity index (ISI) test because of cognitive impairment and who could not perform handgrip strength and timed up and go (TUG) tests were excluded from the study.ResultsA total of 215 patients were included in this study. Logistic regression analysis showed that there is significant relationship between poorer TUG performance, mild insomnia, moderate insomnia, severe insomnia and falls in the elderly (odds ratio (OR) = 1.04, CI: 1.00–1.09, P = 0.041, OR = 2.43, CI: 1.22–4.85, P = 0.011, OR = 3.84, CI:1.35–10.94, P = 0.012, OR = 5.81, CI:1.00–33.72, P = 0.050).ConclusionsIn this study we showed that there is a relationship between the severity of insomnia and falls.
Development of a veterinary emergency open standard competency framework using a competency‐based model of medical education
Authors: Noyes Julie A. , Stewart Samuel D. , Gabarro Jana P. , Welch Patrick M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo address the shortage of emergency veterinarians, the profession is exploring accelerated training pathways. We sought to contribute to the solution by developing the foundation for an open standard, competency‐based veterinary emergency training curriculum for use by any program. We also developed a curricular delivery, tracking, and assessment system to demonstrate how the framework can be integrated into training programs. DesignHybrid Delphi method. SettingAcademia and referral practice. AnimalsNone.InterventionsNone.Measurements and Main ResultsAn emergency veterinary competency framework was developed by adapting the human Model of the Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine, which aligns with the Competency‐Based Veterinary Education framework, to produce 4 areas of core competency: Patient Care, Interpersonal/Communication, Professionalism, and Practice‐based Learning/Improvement. A comprehensive list of veterinary emergency skills was generated and organized within the framework utilizing the hybrid Delphi method. An initial survey completed by 133 emergency and critical care specialists and emergency room clinicians produced data regarding the value of specific skills. An 11‐member focus group consisting of survey participants iterated upon the survey results to produce a master library of skills and cases, including 56 Patient Care, 43 Interpersonal/Communication, 11 Practice‐based Learning/Improvement, and 20 Professionalism skills, as well as 155 case types. The curricular delivery system tracks and assesses case management proficiency and development of knowledge and professional skills using a patient care eLearning program and simulation training environment. ConclusionsThe increasing need for emergency veterinarians is a shared industry‐wide challenge. To contribute toward a collective solution, we have undergone an evidence‐based process to create the foundation for an open standard competency framework composed of a library of skills and cases. We offer this open standard framework to the veterinary profession and hope it continues to grow and evolve as we drive toward developing competency‐based training programs that address the shortage of emergency veterinarians.
A Novel Concept for Energy-Optimal, Independent-Phase Control of Brushless Motor Drivers
Authors: Ghorbanpour Amin , Richter Hanz 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this work, a new drive concept for brushless direct current (BLDC) motors is introduced. Energy regeneration is optimally managed with the aim of improving the energy efficiency of robot motion controls. The proposed scheme has three independent regenerative drives interconnected in a wye configuration. An augmented model of the robot, joint mechanisms, and BLDC motors is formed, and then a voltage-based control scheme is developed. The control law is obtained by specifying an outer-loop torque controller followed by minimization of power consumption via online constrained quadratic optimization. An experiment is conducted to assess the performance of the proposed concept against an off-the-shelf driver. It is shown that, in terms of energy regeneration and consumption, the developed driver has better performance. Furthermore, the proposed concept showed a reduction of 15% energy consumption for the conditions of the study.
Speed- and Range-Based Filter Design for Dual-Stage Actuator Control
Authors: Peyton Jones J. C. , Mitrovic A. , Clayton G. M. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Dual-stage actuators, which combine two actuators with different characteristics, have gained interest due to their large-range, high-resolution positioning capabilities. Control of such systems is challenging because it requires balancing the relative contributions of the individual actuators in terms of speed, range, and precision. The most common approach is to allocate effort to the actuators based on frequency but this can lead to misallocation in the case of low-frequency short-range trajectories. In this paper, the problem of trajectory allocation in dual-stage actuator systems is addressed using a recently developed range-based filter. The theoretical basis of the range-based filter is rigorously derived for the first time and insights regarding its use, specifically its reinterpretation as a speed-based filter, and its range-frequency response characteristics are presented. The new analysis not only explains the behavior of the filter clearly, but it provides a more robust strategy for incorporating range constraints in filter design for different desired trajectories.
BReATHE interventions (Beating Regional Asthma Through Health Education)—an innovative approach to children’s asthma care in the North East and North Cumbria, UK: an interventional study
Authors: Townshend Jennifer Katherine , Hails Sally , Levey Ruth , DeZwart Patty , McKean Michael , Moss Samantha 
Published: October 2021

To objective of this project was to reduce unplanned hospital admission rates in children related to asthma to the Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals National Health Service Trust (NUTH).Multiple educational interventions were introduced both locally and regionally including: a collection of educational materials aimed at young people and families, schools, primary care and secondary care on the website www.beatasthma.co.uk; regional training days; a nurse-led one-stop clinic; a new pathway following an acute attendance to hospital with an asthma attack; a local asthma service and cascade training for schools.The primary outcome measure was reduction in unplanned hospital admission rates in children due to asthma to the NUTH.Results showed that admission rates had been increasing at a sustained rate of approximately 30% each year in the 3 years prior to our intervention. After the Beating Regional Asthma Through Health Education interventions, unplanned admissions to NUTH reduced by 29% and this reduction has been sustained for the last 3 years. This compares with a regional increase of 10% over the same time period.In conclusion, simple but effective educational interventions resulted in a significant and sustained reduction in unplanned asthma admissions to NUTH. Further work is underway to extend the reach of these interventions into primary care and schools.
The Individual Water Insecurity Experiences (IWISE) Scale: reliability, equivalence and validity of an individual-level measure of water security
Authors: Young Sera L , Bethancourt Hilary J , Ritter Zacchary R , Frongillo Edward A 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveThe lack of a validated and cross-culturally equivalent scale for measuring individual-level water insecurity has prevented identification of those most vulnerable to it. Therefore, we developed the 12-item Individual Water InSecurity Experiences (IWISE) Scale to comparably measure individual experiences with access, use, and stability (reliability) of water. Here, we examine the reliability, cross-country equivalence, and cross-country and within-country validity of the scale in a cross-sectional sample.MethodsIWISE items were implemented by the Gallup World Poll among nationally representative samples of 43 970 adults (>15 y) in 31 low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Internal consistency was assessed with Cronbach’s alpha. Equivalence was tested using multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MGCFA), the alignment method, and item response theory. Cross-country validity was assessed by regressing mean national IWISE scores on measures of economic, social, and water infrastructure development. Within-country validity was tested with logistic regression models of dissatisfaction with local water quality by IWISE score and regressing individual IWISE scores on per capita household income and difficulty getting by on current income.FindingsInternal consistency was high; Cronbach’s alpha was ≥0.89 in all countries. Goodness-of-fit statistics from MGCFA, the proportion of equivalent item thresholds and loadings in the alignment models, and Rasch output indicated equivalence across countries. Validity across countries was also established; country mean IWISE scores were negatively associated with gross domestic product and percentage of the population with access to basic water services, but positively associated with fertility rate. Validity within countries was also demonstrated; individuals’ IWISE scores were positively associated with greater odds of dissatisfaction with water quality and negatively associated with lower financial standing.ConclusionsThe IWISE Scale provides an equivalent measure of individual experiences with water access and use across LMICs. It will be useful for establishing and tracking changes in the prevalence of water insecurity and identifying groups who have been ‘left behind’.
Reflex syncope in the UK Armed Forces
Authors: Parsons Iain , Ellwood J , Stacey M J , Gall N , Grundy-Bowers M , Chowienczyk P , Woods D 
Published: October 2021

IntroductionReflex syncope is the most common subtype of syncope and, despite not being associated with increased mortality, often results in significant morbidity and costly diagnostics. Reflex syncope can be of concern for certain occupational groups and may be exacerbated by some occupations. Reflex syncope in the military is anecdotally common but the extent in the UK Armed Forces (UKAF) is unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence and prevalence of reflex syncope in the UKAF.MethodsA retrospective search of the Defence Medical Information Capability Programme using prespecified read-codes was performed at defence primary healthcare centres over the period of 1 January 2019 to 1 January 2020. Data were obtained on 76 103 service personnel (SP) (53% of the UKAF).ResultsThe overall syncope case rate for the UKAF was 10.5 per 1000 person-years (p-yrs). In comparing services there was a significantly increased risk of syncope in the British Army (10.7 per 1000 p-yrs) compared with the Royal Air Force (8.6 per 1000 p-yrs) (p=0.0365), SP who served overseas (16.7 per 1000 p-yrs) in comparison with UK medical centres (10.3 per 1000 p-yrs) (p<0.0001), and British Army units that regularly took part in State Ceremonial and Public Duties (15.8 per 1000 p-yrs vs 10.2 per 1000 p-yrs) (p=0.0035). Army training units conferred a significantly reduced risk of syncope (p<0.0001).ConclusionsThese data are the first to define the incidence and prevalence of syncope in the UKAF. Orthostasis and heat are probable triggers, although recruits are potentially protected. These data offer opportunities to improve the health and well-being of SP, with economic, logistical and reputational benefits for the UKAF. Further research to identify personnel at risk of future syncopal events may allow for targeted use of countermeasures.
Trough levels of ipilimumab in serum as a potential biomarker of clinical outcomes for patients with advanced melanoma after treatment with ipilimumab
Authors: Koguchi Yoshinobu , Iwamoto Noriko , Shimada Takashi , Chang Shu-Ching , Cha John , Curti Brendan D , Urba Walter J , Piening Brian D , Redmond William L 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundImmune checkpoint blockade (ICB) using anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1/PD-L1 has revolutionized the treatment of advanced cancer. However, ICB is effective for only a small fraction of patients, and biomarkers such as expression of PD-L1 in tumor or serum levels of CXCL11 have suboptimal sensitivity and specificity. Exposure–response (E-R) relationships have been observed with other therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. There are many factors influencing E-R relationships, yet several studies have shown that trough levels of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 correlated with clinical outcomes. However, the potential utility of anti-CTLA-4 levels as a biomarker remains unknown.MethodsSerum was obtained at trough levels at weeks 7 and 12 (after doses 2 and 4) from patients with advanced melanoma who received ipilimumab alone (3 mg/kg every 3 weeks for four treatments) via an expanded access program (NCT00495066). We have successfully established a proteomics assay to measure the concentration of ipilimumab in serum using an liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry-based nanosurface and molecular-orientation limited proteolysis (nSMOL) approach. Serum samples from 38 patients were assessed for trough levels of ipilimumab by the nSMOL assay.ResultsWe found that trough levels of ipilimumab were higher in patients who developed immune-related adverse events but did not differ based on the presence or absence of disease progression. We found that patients with higher trough levels of ipilimumab had better overall survival when grouped based on ipilimumab trough levels. Trough levels of ipilimumab were inversely associated with pretreatment serum levels of CXCL11, a predictive biomarker we previously identified, and soluble CD25 (sCD25), a prognostic biomarker for advanced melanoma, as well as C reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin (IL)-6 levels at week 7.ConclusionsOur results suggest that trough levels of ipilimumab may be a useful biomarker for the long-term survival of patients with advanced melanoma treated with ipilimumab. The association of ipilimumab trough levels with pretreatment serum levels of CXCL11 and sCD25 is suggestive of a baseline-driven E-R relationship, and the association of ipilimumab trough levels with on-treatment levels of CRP and IL-6 is suggestive of response-driven E-R relationship. Our findings highlight the potential utility of trough levels of ipilimumab as a biomarker.Trial registration numberNCT00495066.
Ricci cosmology in light of astronomical data
Authors: Caroli Roberto , Da̧browski Mariusz P. , Salzano Vincenzo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRecently, a new cosmological framework, dubbed Ricci cosmology, has been proposed. Such a framework has emerged from the study of relativistic dynamics of fluids out of equilibrium in a curved background and is characterised by the presence of deviations from the equilibrium pressure in the energy–momentum tensor which are due to linear terms in the Ricci scalar and the Ricci tensor. The coefficients in front of such terms are called the second order transport coefficients and they parametrise the fluid response to the pressure terms arising from the spacetime curvature. Under the preliminary assumption that the second order transport coefficients are constant, we find the simplest solution of Ricci cosmology in which the presence of pressure terms causes a departure from the perfect fluid redshift scaling for matter components filling the Universe. In order to test the viability of this solution, we make four different ansätze on the transport coefficients, giving rise to four different cases of our model. On the physical ground of the second law of thermodynamics for fluids with non-equilibrium pressure, we find some theoretical bounds (priors) on the parameters of the models. Our main concern is then the check of each of the case against the standard set of cosmological data in order to obtain the observational bounds on the second order transport coefficients. We find those bounds also realising that Ricci cosmology model is compatible with $$\Lambda $$
Λ
CDM cosmology for all the ansätze.
Polynomial inflation and dark matter
Authors: Bernal Nicolás , Xu Yong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe present a minimal UV complete framework to embed inflation and dark matter by extending the standard model with a singlet real scalar field (the inflaton) and a singlet fermionic field acting as dark matter. The inflaton features the most general renormalizable polynomial up to quartic order, which is flat due to the existence of a perturbed inflection-point, comfortably fitting CMB measurements. We also analyze (p)reheating by considering the Higgs production via inflaton decay. In the early universe, dark matter can be generated by the mediation of gravitons or inflatons. However, the production via the direct decay of the inflatons dominates, making viable a large range of dark matter masses, from $${\mathcal {O}}(10^{-5})$$

O
(

10

-
5

)

GeV to $${\mathcal {O}}(10^{11})$$

O
(

10
11

)

GeV.
Rock properties and rock-controlled landforms
Authors: Duszyński Filip , Ford Derek C. , Goudie Andrew S. , Migoń Piotr 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Rock properties are a crucial control of landform development. The purpose of this chapter is to examine the progress that was made in studying rock properties in general and then to discuss developments in the study of landforms in three main rock types: granite, limestone and sandstone. From the mid-1960s onwards, geomorphology witnessed an increasing concern with the quantification of rock properties and their relationship to landforms and landscape evolution. Japanese geomorphologists led in this endeavour. Studies crossed a range of scales from those of a large size that were susceptible to field measurements to those of small size that involved laboratory studies. Among the basic characteristics of rocks that have been studied are fracturing and jointing, rock mass strength, hardness as determined by the Schmidt Hammer, resistance as determined by laboratory simulations, slaking susceptibility, porosity, water absorption capacity, water content and permeability, and petrological thin-section analyses. The investigation of forms and processes in granite, limestone and sandstone areas has shown the value of combined geological and geographical approaches, and the increasing internationalization of studies.