bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paradigm Shifts in Geographical Research and Geospatial Applications
Authors: Paul Koyel , Jha Vibhash Chandra 
Published: June 2021

Geography enlightened a vast area of social sciences. It consists earth’s land and ocean surface, different landforms and their formation, evolution, sub-surface phenomena, atmosphere and related activities, environment and its attributes, environment as a habitat of living elements as well as a human being and their reciprocal relationships in a very critical and analytical approach. From the inception of geography as a separate discipline, it evolved through its versatile, comprehensive and holistic nature. Alteration and modification change its nature through space and time. And accordingly, the established paradigm always changed depending on the demand of the geographers. This paper highlighted specifically the paradigm shift in geographical research with special reference to geospatial applications. Geography has two basic aspects, Pure and Applied. Recent trend shows that most of the geographical research is focused on the applied field rather than the pure aspects of the subject itself. The most interesting fact is that the applied research is basically depends upon the Geospatial technology. A distinct paradigm shifts have been taking place in both the Geographical Research and the Geospatial Technology through Digitalization. The large growing population of the world require a logical and scientific shift in both pure and applied research in the domain of geography. Particular mention may be made in the fields of Geography such as geomorphology, population geography, urban geography, rural development and environmental geography. This paper also highlights the major paradigmn shifts in the behavioural geography, systematic geography, regional geography, medical geography, geospatial sustainability and cartography from paper map to digital map. It is now established that no discipline can survive without adopting a new strategy and technology.
Setting Aside Arbitral Awards for Contradicting Public Policy According to the Turkish International Arbitration Act
Authors: Bayata Canyas Asli 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This study analyses the setting aside of arbitral awards for contradicting public policy according to the Turkish International Arbitration Act. In a setting aside action, the arbitral award is not scrutinized on its merits; rather, only certain grounds are taken into consideration. One ground that judges evaluate on their own motion is being against public policy. We believe that a more international public policy understanding that is in harmony with the needs and requirements of international arbitration should be adopted.
Effect of flue gas components on the NO removal and element mercury oxidation performance of Mn-modified low-temperature catalyst
Authors: Shi Guangwei , Liu Meng , Duan Yufeng , Hu Peng , Li Tao , Li Yinsheng 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The development of a low-temperature water and sulfur-resistant catalyst with high efficiency of NO removal and element mercury Hg(0) oxidation performance is one of the main directions for the synergistic removal of multiple pollutants from flue gas. The transition metal Mn is used to modify the V-W/Ti catalyst to prepare a modified Mn-SCR catalyst. The effects of Mn loading and complex flue gas components (SO2, H2O and HCl) on the modified catalysts activity were investigated on a small fixed-bed experimental bench, respectively. As the Mn loading increases, the acid sites on the catalyst surface are significantly enhanced, the window of NO removal temperature is significantly widened, and the Hg(0) oxidation performance is nearly 100%. The optimal loading amount of Mn is 0.2(Mn/Ti, mol). When the Mn loading exceeds 0.2, the particles on the catalyst surface sinter, and the specific surface area decreases. However, little difference is observed in catalyst activity. When SO2 and H2O are present in the flue gas, dual-action catalyst activity can be significantly suppressed, but the effect of H2O on catalyst activity is greater than that of SO2. With the increase of the HCl concentration from 0 ppm to 50 ppm, the oxidation efficiency of Hg(0) and the removal efficiency of NO increased slightly.
Effects of Onosma dichroanthum Boiss. root extract on AGS human gastric cancer cell-line
Authors: Hashemi Mohammad Mostakhdem , Marjani Majid , Poursharifi Nahid , Marjani Abdoljalal 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
One of the cancer-related deaths is gastric cancer in this area. Onosma dichroanthum Boiss. roots have been used as an antiseptic and anti-inflammatory for wound healing treatment. The aim of this study was to assess the in vitro cytotoxic and anticancer effects of O. dichroanthum Boiss. roots from the Golestan province of Iran. After identification of the taxonomical effect of O. dichroanthum Boiss., different concentrations of the hydroalcoholic root extract were used. Three different time periods (24, 48, and 72 h) were used to treat AGS gastric cancer and L-929 normal fibroblasts cell lines. The evaluation of different concentrations of root extract was performed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The 48 h treatment affected cell survival, while the concentration of 64 μg/mL was determined as IC50 concentrations at 48 h incubation time. The 48 h incubation time with 64 μg/mL showed the best effectiveness on cancerous cell-line while being safe for normal cell-line. Our results show that O. dichroanthum Boiss. roots extract may have cytotoxic and safe effects on gastric cancer cell-line and normal cells in 48 h treatment periods, respectively. The results indicated the O. dichroanthum Boiss. may be as an effective anticancer agent (gastric cancer).
Preliminary phytochemical screening andin vitroantibacterial activity ofPlumbago indica(Laal chitrak) root extracts against drug-resistantEscherichia coliandKlebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Bashir Salim Faruk , Kumar Gaurav 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDrug resistance is one of the problems affecting the world where drug-resistantEscherichia coliandKlebsiella pneumoniaehave been shown to be ubiquitous, frequently isolated from foods and commonly associated with surgical site infection in hospitals worldwide. The aims of this work were to analyze the antibacterial activity of root extracts of the plant obtained by serial extraction (using petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol, and water) and byin vitrotechniques and preliminary screen phytochemicals present in the extract by qualitative means. Fresh roots ofPlumbago indicawere collected, oven-dried, and extracted using Soxhlet apparatus; antibacterial activity, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of the active extract were evaluated by standard methods against clinically isolated drug-resistantE. coliandK. pneumoniae;preliminary phytochemical screening was taken to detect the presence of alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, steroids, tannins, reducing sugars, phenolics, protein, and oil and fat; and bioactive compounds were detected by GCMS analysis of the active extracts. Determination of antibacterial activity showed that the test organisms were susceptible to methanol and aqueous extracts only. MIC of methanolic extract was found to be 20 µg/mL on bothE. coliandK. pneumoniae,while aqueous extract had MIC of 10 and 20 µg/mL onE. coliandK. pneumoniae,respectively. Preliminary phytochemical screening showed the presence of all the above-mentioned phytochemicals except oil and fat. The significance of this work is to find a lasting solution to the current problem of emerging drug-resistant bacteria (E. coliandK. pneumoniae) through the use of extracts obtained fromP. indicawhich have long history of use as traditional medicine. The methanolic and aqueous extract can be recommended as an alternative and candidates for drug development against drug-resistantE. coliandK. pneumoniae.
Oxytocin levels in response to pituitary provocation tests in healthy volunteers
Authors: Sailer Clara O , Winzeler Bettina , Urwyler Sandrine A , Schnyder Ingeborg , Refardt Julie , Eckert Anne , Varghese Nimmy , Fassnacht Martin , Chifu Irina , Lawson Elizabeth A , Verbalis Joseph G , Fenske Wiebke , Christ-Crain Mirjam 
Published: June 2021

Objective
Oxytocin, secreted into circulation through the posterior pituitary, regulates lactation, weight, and socio-behavioral functioning. Oxytocin deficiency has been suggested in patients with hypopituitarism; however, diagnostic testing for oxytocin deficiency has not been developed. The aim of this study was to investigate known pituitary provocation tests to stimulate plasma oxytocin.

Design
Sixty-five healthy volunteers underwent either the hypertonic saline or arginine infusion test, known to stimulate copeptin, or the oral macimorelin test, known to stimulate growth hormone. Plasma oxytocin was measured before and once plasma sodium level ≥ 150 mmol/L for the hypertonic saline, after 60 min for the arginine infusion, and after 45 min for the oral macimorelin test (expected peak of copeptin and growth hormone levels, respectively). Primary outcome was a change from basal to stimulated oxytocin levels using paired t-tests.

Results
As expected, copeptin increased in response to hypertonic saline and arginine infusion (P < 0.001), and growth hormone increased to oral macimorelin (P < 0.001). Oxytocin increased in response to hypertonic saline infusion from 0.4 (0.2) to 0.6 pg/mL (0.3) (P = 0.003) but with a high variance. There was no change to arginine infusion (P = 0.4), and a trend to lower stimulated levels to oral macimorelin (P = 0.05).

Conclusion
Neither the arginine infusion nor the oral macimorelin test stimulates plasma oxytocin levels, whereas there was an increase with high variance upon hypertonic saline infusion. As a predictable rise in most participants is required for a reliable pituitary provocation test, none of the investigated pituitary provocation tests can be recommended diagnostically to identify patients with an oxytocin deficiency.
Recensión de Pensadores temerarios
Authors: Filgueira Gutiérrez Elisabet 
Published: June 2021

Mark Lilla aborda en Pensadores temerarios el intrigante tema de los diversos intelectuales del siglo XX que sucumbieron, en distinto grado, a la fascinación del poder totalitario, sus líderes carismáticos o sus mesiánicas ideologías.
Learning from each other: Expanding and deepening international research on shadow education
Authors: Gordon Győri János , Bray Mark 
Published: June 2021

AbstractResearch on private supplementary tutoring, widely known as shadow education, has a long history but only gathered intensity during the present century. This research has shown much diversity in the scale and nature of shadow education, but further mapping and analysis is needed to reduce gaps in understanding and to keep up with changes. The collection of articles in this special issue of the journal presents insights from parts of Africa, Asia and Europe; and this introductory essay juxtaposes these insights with Hungarian research. The domain of shadow education has many tensions, with both positive and negative implications for individuals, families, the field of education, and societies as a whole. International research helps with understanding these tensions, and in due course with appropriate action to address them. In the process, much can be learned from counterparts in different systems, countries and cultures, not only about the nature and impact of shadow education but also about methodological approaches to research.
Origami hand for soft robotics driven by thermally controlled polymeric fiber actuators
Authors: Farhan Muhammad , Behl Marc , Kratz Karl , Lendlein Andreas 
Published: June 2021

AbstractActive fibers can serve as artificial muscles in robotics or components of smart textiles. Here, we present an origami hand robot, where single fibers control the reversible movement of the fingers. A recovery/contracting force of 0.2 N with a work capacity of 0.175 kJ kg−1 was observed in crosslinked poly[ethylene-co-(vinyl acetate)] (cPEVA) fibers, which could enable the bending movement of the fingers by contraction upon heating. The reversible opening of the fingers was attributed to a combination of elastic recovery force of the origami structure and crystallization-induced elongation of the fibers upon cooling.
Graphic abstract
Computed tomography scoring in adults with cystic fibrosis (CF): correlation with clinical and functional measurements
Authors: Amelina E. L. , Marchenkov Ya. V. , Cherniak A. V. , Krasovsky S. A. 
Published: June 2021

The aim of our study was to evaluate HRCT abnormalities in adult CF patients and to determine correlations between these findings and clinical, exercise, lung function measurements and BMI, if any. 33 patients participated in the study. All patients had documented clinical and genotypic features of CF as well as abnormal sweat test results. CT scans were scored using Bhalla scoring system. Body plethysmography, lung diffusion capacity, oxygen saturation (SpO2), 6-MWT, dyspnea (by Borgand MRC scale) and BMI were also evaluated. Bronchiectasis were observed in all the patients (30 % mild, 46 % moderate, 24 % severe affecting 1–5 segments in 37 %, 6–9 segments in 37 %, and > 9 segments in 26 %) as well as peribronchial wall thickening (mild in 88 %, moderate in 12 %), with bronchial involvement (up to the 4th generation in 40 %, up to the 5th in 37 %, up to the 6th and more distal in 23 %) and mucus plugging were found in 54 % of patients. Less common abnormalities included sacculations or abscesses, bullae, emphysema and collapse (36, 18, 15 and 15 %, respectively). The overall HRCT score showed significant correlations to lung function, BMI and SpO2, more closely to bronchiectasis and bronchial involvement. 6-minute distance, though correlating significantly with BMI and lung function, had no correlation with HRCT findings. HRCT is a sensitive tool to evaluate morphologic pulmonary changes in CF patients. Bronchiectasis and peribronchial wall thickening are the most common finding in CF adults. Extent of bronchiectasis and generations of bronchial divisions involved correlated best with clinical, BMI and lung function measurements.
KİŞİSEL VERİLERİN İŞLENMESİNDE, AÇIK RIZA HUKUKA UYGUNLUK NEDENİNİN, 95/46 SAYILI DİREKTİF VE GDPR’LA KARŞILAŞTIRMALI OLARAK İNCELENMESİ
Authors: ÇELİKEL Serdar 
Published: June 2021

Açık rıza, kişisel verilerin korunması hukukunda, veri işleme
faaliyetini hukuka uygun hale getiren nedenlerden biridir. Açık rıza
ile aynı zamanda, kişiler kendilerine ait verilerin geleceğini belirleme
ve verileri üzerinde kontrol sağlama haklarını da kullanmaktadırlar.
Açık rızanın geçerli olabilmesi için belirli bir konuya ilişkin olma,
bilgilendirmeye dayanma, özgür iradeyle açıklanmış olma, herhangi
bir tereddüde yol açmayacak açık bir irade beyanı ile verilmiş olma
unsurlarının tamamını bir arada taşıması gerekmektedir. 95/46 sayılı
Direktifte ve GDPR’da kavram, bazen rıza bazen açık rıza olarak yer
alsa da esasında unsurları itibarıyla bu kavramlar arasında ve Kişisel
Verilerin Korunması Kanunu’nda yer alan açık rıza kavramı arasında
herhangi bir fark olmadığı görülmektedir.
THE EFFECT OF MONETARY POLICY ON UNEMPLOYMENT RATE IN INDONESIA
Authors: Mahadika Hafiansyah , Wibowo Wisnu 
Published: June 2021

This study aims to determine the influence of monetary policy on the unemployment rate in Indonesia. Unemployment is one of the fundamental problems in the economy. The unemployment problem can be overcome by monetary policy. This study used time series data with the period 1975-2016 using real money demand, economic growth, real interest rates, and real exchange rates as independent variables, and the unemployment rate as the dependent variable. The data used in this study is secondary data obtained from the World Bank. The method used is ARDL (Autoregressive Distributed Lag) which can change a static economic theory to be dynamic by taking into account the role of time explicitly. The results show that in the long run the probability value of the economic growth variable is below the 5% significance level which indicates that economic growth had a negative and significant effect on the unemployment rate. In the short run, the real interest rate, the real interest rate at lag 1, economic growth at lag 1 and lag 3, and the real exchange rate at lag 1 had a negative and significant effect on the unemployment rate. This indicates that the impact of monetary policy on the unemployment rate is temporary.Keywords: Unemployment Rate, Monetary Policy, ARDL.JEL : E24, E52, E61.
A Decomposed Fracture Network Model for Characterizing Well Performance of Fracture Networks on the Basis of an Approximated Flow Equation
Authors: Liu Jiazheng , Liu Xiaotong , Zhu Hongzhang , Ma Xiaofei , Zhang Yuxue , Zeng Jingying , Luo Wanjing , Teng Bailu , Li Yang , Nie Wan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The gridless analytical and semianalytical methodologies can provide credible solutions for describing the well performance of the fracture networks in a homogeneous reservoir. Reservoir heterogeneity, however, is common in unconventional reservoirs, and the productivity can vary significantly along the horizontal wells drilled for producing such reservoirs. It is oversimplified to treat the entire reservoir matrix as homogeneous if there are regions with extremely nonuniform properties in the reservoir. However, the existing analytical and semianalytical methods can only model simple cases involving matrix heterogeneity, such as composite, layered, or compartmentalized reservoirs. A semianalytical methodology, which can model fracture networks in heterogeneous reservoirs, is still absent; in this study, we propose a decomposed fracture network model to fill this gap. We discretize a fractured reservoir into matrix blocks that are bounded by the fractures and/or the reservoir boundary and upscale the local properties to these blocks; therefore, a heterogeneous reservoir can be represented with these blocks that have nonuniform properties. To obtain a general flow equation to characterize the transient flow in the blocks that may exhibit different geometries, we approximate the contours of pressure with the contours of the depth of investigation (DOI) in each block. Additionally, the borders of each matrix block represent the fractures in the reservoir; thus, we can characterize the configurations of complex fracture networks by assembling all the borders of the matrix blocks. This proposed model is validated against a commercial software (Eclipse) on a multistage hydraulic fracture model and a fracture network model; both a homogeneous case and a heterogeneous case are examined in each of these two models. For the heterogeneous case, we assign different permeabilities to the matrix blocks in an attempt to characterize the reservoir heterogeneity. The calculation results demonstrate that our new model can accurately simulate the well performance even when there is a high degree of permeability heterogeneity in the reservoir. Besides, if there are high-permeability regions existing in the fractured reservoir, a BDF may be observed in the early production period, and formation linear flow may be indistinguishable in the early production period because of the influence of reservoir heterogeneity.
Cartografia escolar e jogos eletrônicos
Authors: Rizzatti Maurício , Becker Elsbeth Léia Spode , Cassol Roberto 
Published: June 2021

Os mapas se fazem presentes em inúmeros jogos eletrônicos e os jogadores, que conseguem interpretá-los, possuem uma grande vantagem sobre os adversários. A Cartografia Escolar fornece subsídios para atividades de leitura e interpretação de documentos cartográficos na Educação Básica, com noções dos tipos de visão, alfabeto cartográfico, estruturação da legenda, escala e proporção. Com base nisso, esse trabalho tem por objetivo os mapas disponíveis no jogo Call of Duty: Warzone e demonstrar a importância de desenvolver um aluno alfabetizado cartograficamente para conseguir interpretá-los de forma que o auxilie na tomada de decisões de acordo com seu estilo de jogo. No mencionado game, o nível de informação do mapa varia de acordo com a escala de visualização. Assim, em uma escala menor, os pontos são representações simbólicas, com grande nível de abstração, visto que círculos e quadrados correspondem a estações de compra e veículos, respectivamente. O jogador, ao aplicar zoom na visualização, tem o mapa com uma escala cartográfica maior, fato que promove um nível de detalhamento, conseguindo visualizar os tipos de veículos com uma representação icônica. Assim, para a interpretação do mapa, o jogador deve recorrer a legenda, identificando a variação dos signos em decorrência da escala de visualização da representação cartográfica. Os professores podem utilizar esse recurso para instigar seus alunos, fazendo uso de mapas de jogos digitais em aula, fato que pode promover a atenção, sobretudo dos alunos gamers, despertando sua curiosidade com um tema discutido nas aulas de Geografia.
Expanding the Envelope of Fiber-Optic Sensing for Reservoir Description and Dynamics
Authors: Al-Qasim Abdulaziz , Alabduh Sharidah , Alabdullateef Muhannad , Alsubhi Mutaz 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Fiber-optic sensing (FOS) technology is gradually becoming a pervasive tool in the monitoring and surveillance toolkit for reservoir engineers. Traditionally, sensing with fiber optic technology in the form of distributed temperature sensing (DTS) or distributed acoustic sensing (DAS), and most recently distributed strain sensing (DSS), distributed flow sensing (DFS) and distributed pressure sensing (DPS) were done with the fiber being permanently clamped either behind the casing or production tubing. Distributed chemical sensing (DCS) is still in the development phase. The emergence of the composite carbon-rod (CCR) system that can be easily deployed in and out of a well, similar to wireline logging, has opened up a vista of possibilities to obtain many FOS measurements in any well without prior fiber-optic installation.
Currently, combinations of distributed FOS data are being used for injection management, well integrity monitoring, well stimulation and production performance optimization, thermal recovery management, etc. Is it possible to integrate many of the distributed FOS measurements in the CCR or a hybrid combination with wireline to obtain multiple measurements with one FOS cable? Each one of FOS has its own use to get certain data, or combination of FOS can be used to make a further interpretation.
This paper reviews the state of the art of the FOS technology and the gamut of current different applications of FOS data in the oil and gas (upstream) industry. We present some results of traditional FOS measurements for well integrity monitoring, assessing production and injection flow profile, cross flow behind casing, etc.
We propose some nontraditional applications of the technology and suggest a few ways through. Which the technology can be deployed for obtaining some key reservoir description and dynamics data for reservoir performance optimization.