bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
1465Adverse cardiovascular events after cancer in Queensland, Australia
Authors: Diaz Abbey , Cunningham Joan , Lindsay Daniel , Callander Emily , Sverdlov Aaron , Shaw Joanne , Griffiths Kalinda , Garvey Gail 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Cancer survivors are at increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) disease, partially due to cardiotoxic anti-cancer therapies and elevated CV risk factor exposure. We describe the prevalence of adverse CV events in Queensland cancer survivors.

Methods
The Queensland Cancer Registry (QCR) identified all Queensland residents diagnosed with cancer, July 2012-June 2015. Individuals were included at their first tumour and excluded if diagnosis basis was unknown/post-mortem. The QCR, containing demographic and clinical information, was linked to Queensland Hospital Admitted Patient Data Collection records to evaluate pre-cancer CV comorbidity and post-cancer adverse CV events. All individuals had three years follow-up time.

Results
79,377 people with cancer were included. Median diagnosis age was 67 years (IQR 56-76), 44.6% were women, 5.3% had CV comorbidity and the most common cancers were prostate (19.8%), breast (17.3%), and colorectal (15.2%). 10.7% of people had an adverse CV event during follow-up; median time to first event was 362 days (IQR 124-706). Adverse CV events were most common in those aged &gt;35 years vs ≤ 35 (11.0% vs 2%), men vs women (12.3% vs 8.7%), those with vs without CV comorbidity (29.7% vs 9.6%), and in bladder (14.7%), lung (13.1%), or colorectal (12.4%) cancer patients.

Conclusions
One in ten Queensland cancer patients are hospitalised for adverse CV events in the first three years after cancer diagnosis, associated with CV comorbidity, older age, male sex, and cancer type.

Key messages
There is urgent need for strategies to identify and deliver optimal care to cancer patients at high CV risk.
728Comparative performance of WHO-5, PHQ-9 and PSS Scale for screening antenatal depression and suicide risk
Authors: Do Phuc Huyen , Vo Van Thang , Luong-Thanh Bao-Yen , Nguyen Lan Hoang , Valdebenito Sara , Eisner Manuel , Tran Xuan Bach , Baker Philip , Dunne Michael 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
This study evaluated the psychometric properties of three self-reported scales including WHO Well-Being Index (WHO-5), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 items (PHQ-9), and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) for determining the severity of antenatal depression and suicide risk.

Methods
Extracted from a multi-site birth cohort study in eight countries, we test the reliability and validity of tri-scales among 148 women in the third trimester and 3-months after childbirth in Vietnam.

Results
Reliability testing achieved good internal consistency for the set of scales (Alpha = 0.75–0.81). The multitrait-multimethods matrix and SEM model indicated a good fit [Chi-square (230) = 337.5, p &lt; 0.001; Root Mean Square Error of approximation= 0.56, Comparative Fit Index= 0.91] and good discriminant validity of WHO-5 lower discriminant validity of PSS and PHQ-9. The proportion of correctly classified cases and optimum balanced indicators of sensitivity and specificity suggested the cut-off scores of ≥ 6 for PHQ-9 and ≥ 25 for PSS for suicide risk screening. Regarding to predictive validity for postpartum depression of PHQ-9, we found that the cut-off scores of ≥ 6 for prenatal PHQ-9 screening can predict approx.70% of mild postpartum depression cases after 3-month childbirth.

Conclusions
This present study suggested adequate validity and reliability of the WHO-5, PHQ9 and PSS to measure antenatal depression and suicide risk in Vietnam.

Key messages
Further studies might consider to use one or a set of scales to understand multiple domains of mental disorder as it is simple to administer and acceptable duration for completion in the community.
870Methylation marks of prenatal exposure to maternal smoking and risk of cancer in adulthood
Authors: Dugué Pierre-antoine , Hodge Allison , Wong Ee Ming , Joo Eric , Jung Chol-Hee , Hopper John , English Dallas , Giles Graham , Milne Roger , Southey Melissa 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Prenatal exposure to maternal smoking is detrimental to child health but its association with risk of cancer has seldom been investigated. Maternal smoking induces widespread and long-lasting DNA methylation changes, which we study here for association with risk of cancer in adulthood.

Methods
Eight prospective case-control studies nested within the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study were used to assess associations between maternal-smoking-associated methylation marks in blood and risk of several cancers: breast (N = 406 cases), colorectal (N = 814), gastric (N = 166), kidney (N = 139), lung (N = 327), prostate (N = 847) and urothelial cancer (N = 404) and B-cell lymphoma (N = 426). We used conditional logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations between cancer and five methylation scores calculated as weighted averages for 568, 19, 15, 28, and 17 CpG sites. Models were adjusted for confounders, including personal smoking history (smoking status, pack-years, age at starting and quitting), and methylation scores for personal smoking.

Results
All methylation scores for maternal smoking were strongly positively associated with risk of urothelial cancer. Risk estimates were only slightly attenuated after adjustment for smoking history, other potential confounders and methylation scores for personal smoking. Potential inverse associations were observed with risk of lung cancer and B-cell lymphoma.

Conclusions
We found that methylation marks of prenatal exposure to maternal smoking are associated with increased risk of urothelial cancer.

Key messages
Our study demonstrates the potential for using DNA methylation to investigate the impact of early-life, unmeasured exposures on later-life cancer risk.
876Association of blood markers of inflammation, vitamin status and the kynurenine pathway with age and all-cause mortality
Authors: Dugué Pierre-antoine , Hodge Allison , Ueland Per , Midttun Øivind , Ulvik Arve , Rinaldi Sabina , MacInnis Robert , Li Sherly , Meyer Klaus , Navionis Anne-Sophie , Flicker Leon , Severi Gianluca , English Dallas , Vineis Paolo , Southey Melissa , Milne Roger , Giles Graham 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Inflammation is a key feature of aging and a cause of numerous diseases. We investigated the association of 35 blood markers involved in inflammatory processes with age and mortality and developed a signature of ‘inflammaging’.

Methods
Thirty-five blood markers relating to the kynurenine pathway, vitamin status, and inflammation were measured in 976 participants in the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study at baseline (1990-1994, median age 59 years) and follow-up (2003-2007, median age 70 years). Associations of each marker with age and all-cause mortality were assessed using linear and Cox regression, respectively. A signature of inflammaging was obtained via Lasso regression of age on the markers and tested for association with mortality; we compared mortality associations for this signature and two weighted scores across all markers associated with age and mortality, respectively.

Results
Most markers (29/35) were associated with age, with strongest associations observed for cystatin C, neopterin, quinolinic acid, and the kynurenine/tryptophan ratio, PAr index, and 3-hydroxykynurenine/xanthurenic acid ratio. Many markers (14/35) showed strong associations with mortality in particular neopterin, quinolinic acid, HK/XA, PAr index, CRP, IL-6 and KTr. The inflammaging signature included six markers and showed strong association with mortality (HR = 1.5, 95%CI: 1.3-1.7), almost as strong as the association of weighted scores combining all measured markers.

Conclusions
Our study highlights the key role played by markers of the kynurenine pathway and vitamin B6 catabolism in aging, along with other well-established inflammation-related markers.

Key messages
A signature of ‘inflammaging’ based on 6 markers may be useful to better predict mortality.
466Prevalence of Dyslipidaemia Among Filipino Adults
Authors: Durante Cherry Ann 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
An increasing trend of coronary artery disease deaths is seen in the Philippines with the main risk factors identified as hypertension and dyslipidemia. This study reviews the result of the 8th National Nutrition Survey (NNS) and determines factors associated with increasing odds of having lipid abnormalities in the Filipino population.

Methods
The 8th NNS employed a three-stage sampling design. The first stage was the selection of Primary Sampling Units (PSUs), consisting of one barangay or a combination of contiguous barangays with at least 500 households each. From these PSUs, enumeration areas (EAs) with 150-200 households were identified, from which housing units were randomly selected. The third and final stage was the random selection of the households, which was the ultimate sampling unit. Eligible members of the sampled households were included in the survey. Among the sampled households, 20,236 individuals consented to blood analysis for lipid profiling.

Results
Prevalence of lipid abnormalities was high (47%) in the sample population. Furthermore, very low HDL cholesterol (38%) and high triglycerides levels (47%) were also noted. It was found out that the odds of dyslipidemia is 1.5% higher in smokers than in non-smokers; and alcohol drinkers than non-alcohol drinkers (OR: 1.44, p &lt; 0.0001). Also, the odds of dyslipidemia is 1.8% higher in patients with SBP&gt;140mmHg and DBP&gt;90mmHg (p &gt; 0.0001). Furthermore, dyslipidemia is twice more common in Filipino women than men. It was found out that Filipinos with high physical activity is 1.2 times less likely to develop dyslipidemia

Conclusions
The increasing trend of lipid abnormalities among the Filipino population is associated with modifiable risk factors such as smoking, alcohol drinking, and sedentary lifestyle. Promoting health policies that would lead people to healthier lifestyle choices would be beneficial to the nation.

Key messages
Promoting health policies that would lead people to healthier lifestyle choices would be beneficial to the nation.
1460Is workplace bullying independently associated with musculoskeletal disorders? A study with Brazilian civil servants
Authors: Feijó Fernando , Fassa Anaclaudia 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Studies from high-income countries suggest that workplace bullying is associated with several occupational diseases and health outcomes, including musculoskeletal disorders (MSD). However, studies on the relationship between bullying and MSD are scarce, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association between workplace bullying and MSD among civil servants from a state in southern Brazil.

Methods
Cross-sectional study with 1,615 judicial civil servants from a Brazilian state. Data was collected through a web survey. The structured questionnaire included direct questions regarding previous MSD diagnosed by a doctor. Workplace Bullying was measured by the Negative Acts Questionnaire (NAQ-r). Logistic Regression was used to estimate prevalence odds ratios (POR) and test associations of interest.

Results
The prevalence of workplace bullying was 17.7%, and the prevalence of MSD was 23.1%. After adjustment for sex and age, workplace bullying was strongly associated with MSD (POR=1.76; CI95% 1.32-2.36). In the final multivariate model, after controlling for sex, age, skin colour, body mass index, educational level, job type, ergonomic factors and physical inactivity, the association remained significant. The risk of MSD was 56.0% higher among those exposed to bullying (POR= 1.56; 95%CI: 1.14-2.13), compared to those non-exposed.

Conclusions
Findings are in line with studies from high-income countries. Bullying should be further investigated as a potential cause of MSD, and longitudinal studies are necessary to examine possible causal paths, mechanisms and mediation, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Interventions to reduce the occurrence of MSD may focus on psychosocial factor at work, particularly bullying.

Key messages
Besides being an unethical behaviour in workplaces and causing several mental health problems, bullying may also play a role on musculoskeletal disorders, what should be further investigated, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Interventions to prevent bullying and MSD are needed.
982Injury fatalities in Australian sport: lessons from cases in the National Coronial Information System
Authors:   Edith Cowan University Lauren Fortington, McIntosh Andrew , Finch Caroline 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Quantifying adverse outcomes of sport participation is critical if we are to address risk and continue to promote safe physical activity. This study addresses the tip of the iceberg in sports injury - fatalities. We aimed to identify the number and trends for fatal injuries in Australian sport.

Methods
This case-series draws on data from closed cases in the Australian National Coronial Information System. A search strategy was developed to include all unintentional deaths with an external cause, where the Level One Activity code was “sport and exercise during leisure time”. Drowning and transport related cases (e.g. cycling) were excluded. Descriptive analyses are presented (number and %). The injury incidence rate (IIR) was computed for each State/Territory and a negative binomial regression model used to assess changes in deaths over time.

Results
There were 1010 unintentional injury deaths included. Most cases were males (85.2%), with the largest proportion aged 15 to 24 years (24.2%). The IIR varied from a high in 2001 at 0.49/100,000 population (95%CI: 0.34; 0.59) to a low of 0.17/100,000 people (95%CI: 0.12; 0.22) in 2014. There was a significant reduction (5% annually) in deaths from 2001 to 2015.

Conclusions
This study presents new knowledge on the scope of fatal injuries in Australian sport, providing an important benchmark for future prevention-oriented work.

Key messages
Although the rate appears to be decreasing, there is still a concerning number of fatalities from injuries sustained in sport.
1429Impact of BRCA mutation status and lifestyle factors on survival among women with ovarian cancer
Authors: Gersekowski Kate , Jordan Susan , Delahunty Rachel , Alsop Kathryn , Goode Ellen L , Bowtell David , DeFazio Anna , Friedlander Michael , Obermair Andreas , Grant Peter ,   The OPAL Study Group, Penelope Webb
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Despite their increased risk of developing ovarian cancer, women with an inherited BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation have been shown to have better survival after diagnosis. Components of a healthy lifestyle, including smoking, physical activity and body mass index (BMI) have previously been associated with ovarian cancer survival; however, it is unknown whether these associations differ by BRCA mutation status.

Methods
We investigated this in 2 cohorts of Australian women with invasive epithelial ovarian cancer, using Cox proportional hazards regression models to calculate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results
In analyses of the combined studies (n = 1,741), the association between pre-diagnosis current smoking and poorer survival was stronger for BRCA-positive (HR 2.27; 95% CI 1.31-3.93) than BRCA-negative (HR 1.20; 95% CI 0.96-1.50) women (p-interaction 0.01). The associations between physical activity, BMI, alcohol intake and survival did not differ statistically significantly by BRCA status. A similar differential association with smoking was seen in a third independent cohort (n = 1,009) from the USA (HR 1.93 [0.78-4.82] vs. 1.02 [0.71-1.46]).

Conclusions
Our results suggest the association between smoking and survival may differ by BRCA status and that while smoking cessation may improve outcomes for all women diagnosed with ovarian cancer, it might provide a greater benefit among those who carry a BRCA mutation.

Key messages
The association between pre-diagnosis smoking and poorer survival after ovarian cancer diagnosis may be stronger for women who carry a BRCA mutation compared with those who don’t.
690Growth in childhood and age at menarche: Insights from individual trajectory modelling
Authors: Giles Lynne , Whitrow Melissa , Rumbold Alice , Davies Michael , Moore Vivienne 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
The relationship between patterns of weight gain across childhood and the onset of puberty remains unclear. We aimed to derive growth parameters (size, tempo, and velocity) from models of weight across childhood and to estimate their effects on age at menarche.

Methods
Serial height and weight measurements from birth to age 9.5 years for 557 children who took part in the Generation 1 cohort study were used, along with girls’ menstrual history at age 12-13 years. Shape invariant random effects models were fit to log(weight+1) for all available participants’ data (282 girls, 260 boys), and AIC used to identify the best-fitting model. In time-to-event models subsequently fit to the girls’ data to estimate effects of the growth parameters on menarcheal age, a censoring age of 12 years was used to define early puberty.

Results
A model with 4df and fixed and random effects for size and tempo and a fixed effect for velocity was preferred. Some 19% of girls began menstruating before age 12 years. Size and tempo were each associated with an increased hazard of earlier menarche; a 0.1 unit gain in size was associated with a hazard ratio of 1.75 (95%CI 1.32–2.33), and a 0.1 unit gain in tempo with a hazard ratio of 7.84 (95%CI 3.41–18.05).

Conclusions
Using all participants’ data gave more precise growth parameter estimates.

Key messages
Understanding mechanisms that drive increased size and tempo of childhood growth may help to elucidate the links between obesity and girls’ risk of early puberty.
1272Patterns of multimorbidity show strong association between many chronic condition pairs
Authors: Gordon Steph , Baylis Tylie 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Many people with chronic conditions do not have a single condition: 4.9 million (20%) Australians had multimorbidity (2 or more chronic conditions) in 2017–18. Understanding which conditions co-occur can inform treatment guidelines. This study performs new analysis on Australian Bureau of Statistics 2017–18 National Health Survey data to identify conditions that commonly co-occur, and that co-occur at a higher than expected prevalence.

Methods
Analysis was restricted to people aged 45 and over (most people with multimorbidity). Using 10 selected chronic conditions, weighted age-adjusted estimates of observed and expected events for each combination of 2 conditions were calculated. To identify pairs of conditions that co-occurred at a higher than expected prevalence, the ratio of observed to expected prevalence was assessed using a 95% confidence interval.

Results
Over half of the condition pairs tested were significantly associated. The most strongly associated conditions were asthma with COPD (with co-occurrence 3.5 times as high as expected), diabetes with chronic kidney disease (2.5 times as high), and cardiovascular diseases with chronic kidney disease (2.3 times as high).

Conclusions
Multimorbidity is common, with many conditions co-occurring more frequently than expected by chance. Developing treatment guidelines that consider common multimorbidities would support holistic patient care.

Key messages
Many chronic condition pairs occur together in individuals more often than would be expected by chance. There were strong associations between asthma and COPD, diabetes and chronic kidney disease, and cardiovascular diseases and chronic kidney disease.
454Relationships between sleep traits and metabolic profiles: evidence from multivariable regression and Mendelian randomization analyses
Authors: Goulding Neil , Bos Maxime , Heemst Diana van , Noordam Raymond , Lawlor Deborah 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Sleep traits are associated with cardiometabolic disease. The aim of this study was to explore the causal effect of sleep traits (duration and insomnia) on multiple metabolic traits.

Methods
We used age, sex and BMI adjusted multivariable regression (N = 17,370) and two-sample summary statistic Mendelian randomization (MR) to examine effects of sleep duration and insomnia symptoms on ∼150 NMR metabolites. Multivariable analyses were conducted on data from nine European cohorts and meta-analysed. MR analyses utilised summary statistics from published genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of self-reported sleep traits (sample 1; N = 446,118 to 1,331,010) and from GWAS on NMR serum metabolites (sample 2; N = 38,618). We used inverse-variance weighted (IVW) for the main MR analyses and weighed median (WM) and MR-Egger to explore bias due to pleiotropy.

Results
MR IVW and multivariable analyses both suggest a positive effect of insomnia symptoms on glycoprotein acetyls (MR: 0.06 s.d. increase in mean concentration comparing any symptoms to none; p = 5.9e-4) and between total sleep duration and creatinine (MR: 0.16 s.d. increase per additional hour; p = 0.03). WM and MR-Egger analyses show consistent results. There was evidence for thirteen and eight effects of insomnia and duration in multivariable only and three and one, respectively, in MR only.

Conclusions
Insomnia symptoms lead to higher levels of an inflammatory marker (glycoprotein acetyls) and longer sleep duration leads to higher creatinine levels.

Key messages
We found no evidence of widespread metabolic disruption by sleep traits.
819Muscle strengthening activities among Australian adults
Authors: Gorrell Lizzie , Monahan Kevin , Groves Chloe , Sparke Claire , Kaya Sarp 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Focus of Presentation
Australian studies examining muscle-strengthening activity (MSA) are limited and most are focused on resistance/weight training. This study uses the nationally representative Sport Australia AusPlay survey of physical activity participation and classifies activities that use major muscle groups as MSAs, adapting the methodology used in UK health studies. Using this classification, estimates are then made on how many Australian adults are doing MSAs on at least two days a week as per the Australian Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour Guidelines.

Findings
There is some uncertainty about which activities can be considered MSAs. However, evidence suggests that many activities, besides resistance/weight training, can strengthen muscles. Three definitions were used to classify physical activities reported by AusPlay respondents as either Resistance Training Only, Definitely MSAs, or Definitely and/or Potentially MSAs. These were applied to AusPlay 2017–18 data to estimate the proportion of adults who met the MSA guideline. For the primary measure of Definitely MSAs, estimates were higher than those from previous Australian studies. Consistent with previous Australian studies, a higher proportion of men than women, and younger adults than older adults, met the MSA guideline across all activity classifications.

Conclusions/Implications
Survey estimates of MSA participation depend on which activities are included as MSAs. More rigorous studies are needed to clearly categorise which activities can be considered as MSAs.

Key messages
A clearer understanding of what constitutes MSAs will improve estimates of how many Australian adults are meeting the MSA guidelines.