bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Ancient DNA” reveals that the scientific name for an extinct tortoise from Cape Verde refers to an extant South American species
Authors: Kehlmaier Christian , López-Jurado Luis F. , Hernández-Acosta Nayra , Mateo-Miras Antonio , Fritz Uwe 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe examined the type material of the extinct tortoise species Geochelone atlantica López-Jurado, Mateo and García-Márquez, 1998 from Sal Island, Cape Verde, using aDNA approaches and AMS radiocarbon dating. High-quality mitochondrial genomes obtained from the three type specimens support that all type material belongs to the same individual. In phylogenetic analyses using mitochondrial genomes of all species groups and genera of extant and some recently extinct tortoises, the type material clusters within the extant South American red-footed tortoise Chelonoidis carbonarius (Spix, 1824). Our radiocarbon date indicates that the tortoise from which the type series of G. atlantica originates was still alive during 1962 and 1974. These results provide firm evidence that the type material of G. atlantica does not belong to the Quaternary tortoise bones excavated on Sal Island in the 1930s, as originally thought. Thus, the extinct tortoise species remains unstudied and lacks a scientific name, and the name G. atlantica has to be relegated into the synonymy of C. carbonarius. The circumstances that led to this confusion currently cannot be disentangled.
Applicant hierarchical fuzzy controller for concentration control of simulated moving bed
Authors: Xie Chaofan , Tang Yang-jie 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSimulated moving bed (SMB) is a kind of continuous process which can increase the efficiency of adsorbents in the adsorbent bed. It contains several sectors of flow rate, the switching time of valves and many other possible influencing variables, moreover, these parameters are highly sensitive, so it is very difficult to achieve precise prediction and control. Model predictive control and PID controller are often used in industrial system. Model predictive control needs a lot of accurate industry experience data, and PID controller depends on the selection of control parameters. Therefore, SMB needs an intelligent controller to bypass those complex mechanisms and parameter adjustment processes. This paper we propose the hierarchical fuzzy controller fuzzy controller which is applied to the SMB system to observe the final concentration. Compared with the PID and MPC controller, it is found that the hierarchical fuzzy controller can control good without knowing the system parameters too accurately.
ZrN-ZrOxNy vs ZrO2-ZrOxNy coatings deposited via unbalanced DC magnetron sputtering
Authors: Cubillos Gloria I. , Romero Eduard , Umaña-Perez Adriana 
Published: September 2021

AbstractZrN-ZrO$${ }_{x}$$

x

N$${ }_{y}$$

y

and ZrO$${ }_{2}$$

2

-ZrO$${ }_{x}$$

x

N$${ }_{y}$$

y

coatings were deposited on 316L stainless steel substrates via the unbalanced DC magnetron sputtering technique in order to improve their corrosion resistance and evaluate their possible use as a coating biocompatible with bone cells. The composition, structure, morphology, and corrosion resistance were studied by sum means of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), x-Ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The corrosion resistance was evaluated in 3.5 wt.% NaCl using potentiodynamic polarization (PL) and electrochemical impedance techniques (EIS). The ZrN-ZrO$${ }_{x}$$

x

N$${ }_{y}$$

y

and ZrO$${ }_{2}$$

2

-ZrO$${ }_{x}$$

x

N$${ }_{y}$$

y

coatings exhibited barrier-type protection of the substrate against corrosion. The growth of mouse osteoblast cells was evaluated in the coating that exhibited the greatest resistance to corrosion, ZrO$${ }_{2}$$

2

-ZrO$${ }_{x}$$

x

N$${ }_{y}$$

y

, finding that the cell viability was maintained, so this material can be considered to be a candidate for use in osteosynthesis processes.
Isolation and engineering of a Listeria grayi bacteriophage
Authors: Erickson Stephen , Paulson John , Brown Matthew , Hahn Wendy , Gil Jose , Barron-Montenegro Rocío , Moreno-Switt Andrea I. , Eisenberg Marcia , Nguyen Minh M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe lack of bacteriophages capable of infecting the Listeria species, Listeria grayi, is academically intriguing and presents an obstacle to the development of bacteriophage-based technologies for Listeria. We describe the isolation and engineering of a novel L. grayi bacteriophage, LPJP1, isolated from farm silage. With a genome over 200,000 base pairs, LPJP1 is the first and only reported jumbo bacteriophage infecting the Listeria genus. Similar to other Gram-positive jumbo phages, LPJP1 appeared to contain modified base pairs, which complicated initial attempts to obtain genomic sequence using standard methods. Following successful sequencing with a modified approach, a recombinant of LPJP1 encoding the NanoLuc luciferase was engineered using homologous recombination. This luciferase reporter bacteriophage successfully detected 100 stationary phase colony forming units of both subspecies of L. grayi in four hours. A single log phase colony forming unit was also sufficient for positive detection in the same time period. The recombinant demonstrated complete specificity for this particular Listeria species and did not infect 150 non-L. grayi Listeria strains nor any other bacterial genus. LPJP1 is believed to be the first reported lytic bacteriophage of L. grayi as well as the only jumbo bacteriophage to be successfully engineered into a luciferase reporter.
Ruminant fat intake improves gut microbiota, serum inflammatory parameter and fatty acid profile in tissues of Wistar rats
Authors: de Brito Medeiros Larissa , Alves Susana Paula Almeida , de Bessa Rui José Branquinho , Soares Juliana Késsia Barbosa , Costa Camila Neves Meireles , de Souza Aquino Jailane , Guerra Gerlane Coelho Bernardo , de Souza Araújo Daline Fernandes , Toscano Lydiane Tavares , Silva Alexandre Sérgio , Alves Adriano Francisco , Lemos Mateus Lacerda Pereira , de Araujo Wydemberg José , de Medeiros Ariosvaldo Nunes , de Oliveira Celso José Bruno , de Cassia Ramos do Egypto Queiroga Rita 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study tested the hypothesis that naturally and industrially produced trans-fatty acids can exert distinct effects on metabolic parameters and on gut microbiota of rats. Wistar rats were randomized into three groups according to the diet: CONT-control, with 5% soybean oil and normal amount of fat; HVF-20% of hydrogenated vegetable fat (industrial); and RUM-20% of ruminant fat (natural). After 53 days of treatment, serum biochemical markers, fatty acid composition of liver, heart and adipose tissue, histology and hepatic oxidative parameters, as well as gut microbiota composition were evaluated. HVF diet intake reduced triglycerides (≈ 39.39%) and VLDL levels (≈ 39.49%). Trans-fatty acids levels in all tissue were higher in HVF group. However, RUM diet intake elevated amounts of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 (≈ 14.7%) compared to CONT, but not to HVF. Furthermore, RUM intake led to higher concentrations of stearic acid and conjugated linoleic acid in all tissue; this particular diet was associated with a hepatoprotective effect. The microbial gut communities were significantly different among the groups. Our results show that ruminant fat reversed the hepatic steatosis normally caused by high fat diets, which may be related to the remodelling of the gut microbiota and its anti-inflammatory potential.
Cardiorespiratory performance and locomotor function of patients with anorectal malformations
Authors: Arneitz Christoph , Windhaber Jana , Flucher Christina , Gasparella Paolo , Amerstorfer Eva , Huber-Zeyringer Andrea , Castellani Christoph , Singer Georg , Till Holger 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess whether adolescents following anorectal malformation repair have a decreased cardiorespiratory performance capacity and impaired motor skills. All eligible children treated for ARMs between 2000 and 2014 were invited to participate in a prospective study consisting of a clinical examination, evaluation of Bowel function and Quality of Life, spirometry, spiroergometry and assessment of the motor activity. The results were compared to a healthy age- and sex-matched control group. There was no statistically significant difference in height, weight, BMI, muscle mass or body fat percentage between the study and the control group. Nine out of 18 patients (50%) had an excellent functional outcome with a normal Bowel Function Score. Spirometry revealed no significant differences between ARM patients and controls, four patients showed a ventilation disorder. Spiroergometry revealed a significantly lower relative performance capacity and the overall rating of the motor activity test showed significantly decreased grades in ARM patients. ARM patients were affected by an impaired cardiopulmonary function and decreased motor abilities. Long-term examinations consisting of routine locomotor function evaluation and spiroergometry are advisable to detect impaired cardiopulmonary function and to prevent a progression of associated complications and related impaired quality of life.
Functional diversity outperforms taxonomic diversity in revealing short-term trampling effects
Authors: Li Wei , He Shuqiang , Cheng Xiping , Zhang Mingqiang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAlpine grasslands harbor diverse groups of flora and fauna, provide important ecosystem functions, and yield essential ecosystem goods and services, especially for the development of nature-based tourism. However, they are experiencing increasing anthropogenic perturbations such as tourist trampling. Although negative effects of tourist trampling on alpine vegetation have been frequently reported, previous studies have focused mainly on changes in taxonomic diversity after trampling, and rarely provide a mechanistic elucidation of trampling effects from a trait-based perspective. The present study evaluates the impacts of simulated trampling on taxonomic and functional diversity of a typical alpine grassland community in Shangri-La, China using a standardized protocol. The results showed that although taxonomic diversity was not statistically significantly affected by trampling, some functional attributes responded rapidly to trampling disturbance. Specifically, functional divergence decreased with an increase in trampling intensity, and characteristics of community-weighted mean trait values changed towards shorter species with reduced leaf area and lower leaf dry matter content. Such strong shifts in functional attributes may further affect ecosystem goods and services provided by alpine grasslands. Our inclusion of functional diversity in the analysis thus adds an important caution to previous studies predominantly focusing on taxonomic diversity, and it is urgent to keep alpine grasslands well managed and ecologically coherent so that their valuable functions and services can be safeguarded.
Galvanic current dosage and bacterial concentration are determinants of the bactericidal effect of percutaneous needle electrolysis: an in vitro study
Authors: García-Vidal José Antonio , Salinas Jesús , Escolar-Reina Pilar , Cuello Francisco , Ortega Nieves , de Dios Berná-Mestre Juan , López-Nicolás Manuel , Valera-Garrido Fermín , Medina-Mirapeix Francesc 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPercutaneous needle electrolysis (PNE) is a physiotherapy technique that has been shown to be effective in different pathologies such as tendinopathies or mammary fistula. For many years, theoretical bactericidal and germicidal effects have been attributed to this type of galvanic currents, partly explained by the changes in pH that it generates. However, these effects have not yet been demonstrated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the bactericidal effect and the changes in pH caused by PNE. S. aureus were prepared in two different solutions (TSB and saline solution) and in different concentrations (from 9 to 6 Log10 CFU/mL). Bacteria were treated with three experimental PNE doses to assess bacterial death levels and the changes caused to the pH of the medium. The viable cell count showed that all experimental PNE doses had a bactericidal effect against a high concentration (9 Log10 CFU/mL) of S. aureus in saline solution (p < 0.001). Furthermore, we found that when the concentration of bacteria decreased, a lower dose of galvanic current generated the same effect as a higher dose. Changes in pH were registered only in experiments performed with saline solution. PNE had a bactericidal effect against S. aureus and the level of this effect was mainly modulated by the solution, the bacterial concentration and the dose. Changes affecting pH were modulated by the type of solution and there was no relationship between this and bacterial death.
Intriguing spin–lattice interactions in EuTiO3
Authors: Bussmann-Holder Annette , Liarokapis Efthymios , Roleder Krystian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDuring the last decade the cubic perovskite oxide EuTiO3 (ETO) has attracted enormous novel research activities due to possible multiferroicity, hidden magnetism far above its Néel temperature at TN = 5.5 K, structural instability at TS = 282 K, possible application as magneto-electric optic device, and strong spin–lattice coupling. Here we address a novel highlight of this compound by showing that well below TS a further structural phase transition occurs below 210 K without the application of an external magnetic field, and by questioning the assumed tetragonal symmetry of the structure below TS where tiny deviations from true tetragonality are observed by birefringence and XRD measurements. It is suggested that the competition in the second nearest neighbor spin–spin interaction modulated by the lattice dynamics is at the origin of these new observations.
Genetic mutation and biological pathway prediction based on whole slide images in breast carcinoma using deep learning
Authors: Qu Hui , Zhou Mu , Yan Zhennan , Wang He , Rustgi Vinod K. , Zhang Shaoting , Gevaert Olivier , Metaxas Dimitris N. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBreast carcinoma is the most common cancer among women worldwide that consists of a heterogeneous group of subtype diseases. The whole-slide images (WSIs) can capture the cell-level heterogeneity, and are routinely used for cancer diagnosis by pathologists. However, key driver genetic mutations related to targeted therapies are identified by genomic analysis like high-throughput molecular profiling. In this study, we develop a deep-learning model to predict the genetic mutations and biological pathway activities directly from WSIs. Our study offers unique insights into WSI visual interactions between mutation and its related pathway, enabling a head-to-head comparison to reinforce our major findings. Using the histopathology images from the Genomic Data Commons Database, our model can predict the point mutations of six important genes (AUC 0.68–0.85) and copy number alteration of another six genes (AUC 0.69–0.79). Additionally, the trained models can predict the activities of three out of ten canonical pathways (AUC 0.65–0.79). Next, we visualized the weight maps of tumor tiles in WSI to understand the decision-making process of deep-learning models via a self-attention mechanism. We further validated our models on liver and lung cancers that are related to metastatic breast cancer. Our results provide insights into the association between pathological image features, molecular outcomes, and targeted therapies for breast cancer patients.
Oberflächliche Venenthrombose
Authors: Bauersachs Rupert M. 
Published: September 2021

Was ist neu?
Epidemiologie und Risikofaktoren Eine deutsche Registerstudie zeigt, dass Risikoprofile, klinisches Bild und Behandlungsmuster bei oberflächlicher Venenthrombose (OVT) sehr heterogen sind. Ebenso variieren Dosierung und Therapiedauer der Antikoagulation (AK) erheblich. Trotz initialer AK besteht nach 3 Monaten ein beachtliches Risiko für venöse Thromboembolien (VTE), Rezidive oder Ausdehnung. Im Gegensatz zu aktuellen Leitlinienempfehlungen erhielt ein Drittel der Patienten entweder Heparine, orale Antikoagulanzien oder gar kein Antikoagulans. Eine gleichzeitige, oft asymptomatische tiefe Venenthrombose (TVT) findet sich gehäuft nach Hospitalisierung oder Immobilisation, vorausgegangener VTE, bei Autoimmunerkrankungen, höherem Alter, Malignom und bei OVT in einer nichtvarikösen Vene oder bei Ausdehnung in eine Perforansvene. Dies sind häufig auch Risikofaktoren für thromboembolische Komplikationen im Verlauf.
Therapie Aufgrund einer großen Placebo-kontrollierten Studie mit klinischen Endpunkten ist Fondaparinux 1-mal 2,5 mg über 4–6 Wochen die in den Leitlinien empfohlene Therapie. Auch eine intermediäre Dosis von niedermolekularem Heparin (NMH) kann erwogen werden. Bei Hochrisikopatienten war 1-mal 10 mg Rivaroxaban gegenüber Fondaparinux nicht unterlegen. Ob bei hohem Risiko eine 45-tägige Therapie ausreicht, muss weiter untersucht werden.
Therapiekonzepte des fortgeschrittenen Lungenkarzinoms im Stadium IV
Authors: Schulz Christian 
Published: September 2021

Was ist neu?
Immunonkologische Monotherapie des nichtkleinzelligen Lungenkarzinoms 5-Jahres-Überlebensdaten der KEYNOTE-024-Studie bestätigen die anhaltende Wirksamkeit einer immunonkologischen Monotherapie bei Patienten mit nichtkleinzelligem Lungenkarzinom (NSCLC) mit hoher PD-L1-Expression (≥ 50 %).
Duale Immuntherapie in Kombination mit Chemotherapie als Erstlinientherapie des nichtkleinzelligen Lungenkarzinoms Nivolumab plus Impilimumab in Kombination mit 2 Zyklen platinhaltiger Chemotherapie verbessern das Überleben von NSCLC-Patienten.
Neue Targets und Therapieoptionen Entrectinib und Larotrectinib mit Wirksamkeit bei NTRK-Fusions-positivem NSCLC. Selpercatinib und Pralsetinib mit Wirksamkeit bei RET-Fusions-positivem NSCLC. Mobocertinib mit Wirksamkeit bei EGFRex20ins-Mutation des EGFR-Gens. Sotorasib mit Wirksamkeit bei kRAS-G12C-Mutation des NSCLC.
Nationales Netzwerk Genomische Medizin Lungenkrebs Das bundesweite Nationale Netzwerk Genomische Medizin Lungenkrebs (nNGM) ermöglicht NSCLC-Patienten den Zugang zu modernster molekularer Diagnostik und neuesten Therapieoptionen.
Ernährungsandragogik – erfolgreiche Ernährungsberatung und PatientInnenweiterbildung
Authors: Fell Margret 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungErnährungsberatung und PatientInnenweiterbildung halten seit Jahren zunehmend Einzug in das lebenslange Lernen. Als Expertin für erwachsenengemäße Gestaltung von Lehr-/Lernarrangements stellt die Erwachsenenbildungswissenschaft didaktisch-methodische Empfehlungen zur Verfügung, die das Wirkpotenzial von Ernährungsberatung und PatientInnenweiterbildung steigern können.
Der Einfluss von Immunsuppression und chronischen Nierenerkrankungen auf das Ansprechen auf COVID-19-Impfungen
Authors: Windpessl Martin , Heine Gunnar H. , Becker Sören L. , Scheuer Anja L. , Sester Martina , Kronbichler Andreas 
Published: September 2021

Was ist neu?
Wie effektiv sind die zugelassenen Impfstoffe bei Nierenerkrankungen und Immunsupprimierten? Zahlreiche Beobachtungsstudien legen nahe, dass vor allem eine systemische Immunsuppression eine geringe oder fehlende Antikörperbildung bedingt. Auch Patienten mit fortgeschrittener chronischer Nierenerkrankung, insbesondere mit Dialysepflichtigkeit, ohne Einnahme systemischer Immunsuppressiva haben ein reduziertes humorales Ansprechen.
Ich habe eine COVID-19-Erkrankung durchgemacht. Ist für mich eine COVID-19-Impfung sinnvoll? Nach durchgemachter COVID-19-Erkrankung scheint auch für Nierenkranke eine Boosterung mit einem mRNA-Impfstoff sinnvoll zu sein.
Kann ich trotz laufender Immunsuppression geimpft werden? Für Patienten unter Immunsuppression ist das Ansprechen auf Impfstoffe reduziert. Dennoch sollten sie geimpft werden. Eine Anti-CD20-Therapie beeinträchtigt die humorale Immunantwort erheblich.
Besteht die Möglichkeit einer Abstoßungsreaktion meines Transplantats bzw. eines Rezidivs der Grunderkrankung? Im Zuge der globalen Impfanstrengungen erscheinen nun einzelne Berichte über Erstmanifestationen, Schübe oder Krankheitsrezidive über das Spektrum autoimmuner Nierenerkrankungen, die in zeitlichem Zusammenhang mit der Impfung stehen. Da die meisten Rezidive/Abstoßungen behandelbar sind, der Verlauf einer COVID-19-Erkrankung aber oftmals schwer bzw. tödlich ist, überwiegt der Nutzen die Risiken.
Habe ich eine dauerhafte Protektion nach erfolgter COVID-19-Impfung? Im Vergleich zur altersentsprechenden gesunden Population weist die nephrologische Patientengruppe nach Impfung deutlich niedrigere Titer auf, welche auch rascher abnehmen (vor allem Evidenz für Transplantierte und Dialyse). Eine frühzeitige Auffrischung sollte auch aufgrund der besorgniserregenden Virusvarianten und der reduzierten Wirksamkeit der Impfstoffe erwogen werden.
Nach der ersten Impfserie haben sich keine/kaum Antikörper nachweisen lassen. Gibt es Strategien, die Impfantwort zu verbessern? Viele Länder empfehlen eine 3. Impfdosis für vulnerable Populationen, v. a. auch wegen der reduzierten Antwort nach 2 Dosen bzw. auch des Risikos eines schweren Verlaufs einer COVID-19-Erkrankung. Der Einsatz einer Drittimpfung muss aber im Rahmen prospektiver klinischer Studien überprüft werden.
Spontanhypoglykämien: Eine diagnostische Herausforderung
Authors: Adelmeyer Jan , Goebel Joachim Nils , Kann Peter Hebert 
Published: September 2021

Zusammenfassung
Anamnese Die Vorstellung einer 59-jährigen Frau erfolgte zur endokrinologischen Abklärung rezidivierender Spontanhypoglykämien. Die Beschwerden waren stets nach Kohlenhydrataufnahme regredient. Aufgrund eines klassischen adrenogenitalen Syndroms erhielt die Patientin seit jungen Jahren eine Substitutionstherapie mit Hydrocortison.
Untersuchung Die Patientin präsentierte sich in einem altersentsprechenden Allgemein- und leicht übergewichtigen Ernährungszustand. Der Blutzucker lag zum Aufnahmezeitpunkt bei 87 mg/dl. Weiterhin konnten unter Substitution mit retardiertem Hydrocortison ein unauffälliges Cortisol sowie adrenokortikotropes Hormon (ACTH) nachgewiesen werden. Im Mixed-Meal-Tolerance-Test (MMTT, standardisierter Frühstückstest) zeigte sich keine reaktive Hypoglykämie. Im anschließenden 72-Stunden-Hungerversuch trat nach 36 Stunden eine symptomatische Hypoglykämie auf. Bei einem Blutzucker von 46 mg/dl (Referenzbereich: 74–106) fand sich ein vermindertes Insulin. Auffällig waren jedoch ein niedriges Cortisol sowie ein deutlich erhöhtes ACTH, hinweisend auf eine Unterversorgung mit Hydrocortison zum Zeitpunkt der Hypoglykämie.
Therapie und Verlauf Aufgrund der vermuteten therapeutischen Lücke wurde mit der Patientin eine Dosiserhöhung des morgendlichen retardierten Hydrocortisons besprochen. Da dies keinen klinischen Erfolg hatte, wurde die Applikationsform auf morgens und abends geändert.
Folgerung Die vorliegende Kasuistik demonstriert, dass nicht nur ein endogener Hyperinsulinismus ursächlich für Spontanhypoglykämien sein kann, sondern ebenfalls eine fehlerhafte Gegenregulation zu symptomatischen Unterzuckerungen führen kann. Der MMTT sowie der 72-Stunden-Hungerversuch sollten zur Diagnostik angewendet werden. Hierbei ist darauf zu achten, dass in der Hypoglykämie eine unmittelbare Hormonanalytik erfolgt. Durch das Verhältnis von Insulin, C-Peptid sowie Proinsulin zum Blutzucker und anhand der Konstellation der kontrainsulinären Hormone wie Cortisol, ACTH, Wachstumshormon, Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) sowie der Katecholamine kann eine Aussage über die Ätiologie der Hypoglykämie getroffen werden.