bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Source of Ore Fluids and Sm–Nd Age of Siderite from the Largest Bakal Deposit, Southern Urals
Authors: Krupenin M. T. , Kuznetsov A. B. , Chervyakovskaya M. V. , Gulyaeva T. Ya. , Konstantinova G. V. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract—
Based on Sm–Nd data, a crustal source of iron-ore fluid was substantiated and the probability of age estimation for hydrothermal–metasomatic siderite of the Bakal Group, Southern Urals, was shown for the first time. The εNd (Т) values of siderite (from –13.4 to –17.6) plot in the field of Riphean shale and not the Precambrian rift gabbro and granite of this region. The obtained Sm–Nd age of the Bakal siderite is 970 ± 40 Ma, which is consistent with the Pb–Pb age of siderite from the major ore phase (~1000 Ma). The established age boundary coincides with tectonic restructuring, including the formation of a number of barite–polymetallic deposits, as well as ferruginous magnesite and fluorite in the Riphean deposits on the western slope of the Southern Urals.
Stemming the ‘Leaky Pipeline’: an investigation of the relationship between work–family conflict and women’s career progression in academic medicine
Authors: James-McCarthy Kizanne , Brooks-McCarthy Andrew , Walker Dawn-Marie 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundEven though women outnumber men enrolled in medical school, making up 59% of entrants in the UK, they are significantly under-represented in academic medicine and senior positions. In the UK, 28.6% of academics overall are women. In the USA, while 51% of instructors are women, only 20% make it through the ‘leaky pipeline’ to become professors. One attributable factor is work–family conflict. The purpose of this study is to gain a deeper understanding of the relationship between work–family conflict and women’s career progression in academic medicine, and to provide a model to inform and change perceptions and practice in order to improve the ‘leaky pipeline’.MethodsA systematic literature search was performed to identify qualitative studies which investigated this relationship. Studies were critically appraised, and data were analysed using thematic analysis. Themes identified in the data were used to develop a model to build on the understanding of this issue.FindingsThe findings of this research highlighted two main themes, one related to perceptions of gender (intrinsic or extrinsic), the way it impacts on work–family conflict and its relationship to women’s career progression. The second theme relates to structures which hinder or support women’s ability to have work–life balance. A model was developed that represents the inter-relationship between these factors.InterpretationChanges in both organisational culture and individuals’ perception in regard to gender roles, especially of those in leadership, are necessary to create an environment where the best talent in academic medicine is selected regardless of gender.
L-ergothioneine and metformin alleviates liver injury in experimental type-2 diabetic rats via reduction of oxidative stress, inflammation, and hypertriglyceridemia
Authors: Dare Ayobami , Channa Mahendra L. , Nadar Anand 
Published: September 2021

Type-2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with liver toxicity. L-ergothioneine (L-egt) has been reported to reduce toxicity in tissues exposed to injury, while metformin is commonly prescribed to manage T2D. Hence, this study evaluates the hepatoprotective role of L-egt, with or without metformin, in T2D male rats. A total of 36 adult male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into non-diabetic (n = 12) and diabetic (n = 24) groups. After induction of diabetes, animals were divided into six groups (n = 6) and treated orally either with deionized water, L-egt (35 mg/kg bodyweight (bwt)), metformin (500 mg/kg bwt), or a combination of L-egt and metformin for 7 weeks. Body weight and blood glucose were monitored during the experiment. Thereafter, animals were euthanized and liver tissue was excised for biochemical, ELISA, real-time quantitative PCR, and histopathological analysis. L-egt with or without metformin reduced liver hypertrophy, liver injury, triglycerides, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Also, L-egt normalized mRNA expression of SREBP-1c, fatty acid synthase, nuclear factor kappa B, transforming growth factor β1, nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2, and sirtuin-1 in diabetic rats. Furthermore, co-administration of L-egt with metformin to diabetic rats reduced blood glucose and insulin resistance. These results provide support to the therapeutic benefits of L-egt in the management of liver complications associated with T2D.
Crystallisation and polymorph selection in active Brownian particles
Authors: Moore Fergus J. , Royall C. Patrick , Liverpool Tanniemola B. , Russo John 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe explore crystallisation and polymorph selection in active Brownian particles with numerical simulation. In agreement with previous work (Wysocki et al. in Europhys Lett 105:48004, 2014), we find that crystallisation is suppressed by activity and occurs at higher densities with increasing Péclet number ($${ Pe }$$

Pe

). While the nucleation rate decreases with increasing activity, the crystal growth rate increases due to the accelerated dynamics in the melt. As a result of this competition, we observe the transition from a nucleation and growth regime at high $${ Pe }$$

Pe

to “spinodal nucleation” at low $${ Pe }$$

Pe

. Unlike the case of passive hard spheres, where preference for FCC over HCP polymorphs is weak, activity causes the annealing of HCP stacking faults, thus strongly favouring the FCC symmetry at high $${ Pe }$$

Pe

. When freezing occurs more slowly, in the nucleation and growth regime, this tendency is much reduced and we see a trend towards the passive case of little preference for either polymorph.
The role of geomorphology in the Quaternary
Authors: Bridgland David 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The advances in understanding of Quaternary geomorphology in the latter half of the twentieth century were closely linked with the improved knowledge of Quaternary climatic fluctuation, principally derived from isotopic evidence from ocean and ice cores. An important goal was finding terrestrial sedimentary records that can be correlated with the globally applicable isotopic sequence. From a geomorphological viewpoint, river terraces are paramount, particularly since they can provide semi-continuous sequences that record palaeoclimate and landscape evolution throughout the Quaternary, as well as the interaction of rivers with glaciation, sea-level change and notable geomorphological events. In coastal areas, shoreline terraces and raised beaches can provide similar sequences. The chapter discusses the progress made in understanding these archives and, in particular, the various mechanisms for dating and correlation, as well as touching upon contributions from other environments, namely slopes and karstic systems, as well as the role of soils in deciphering geomorphological evidence.
Carboniferous fusuline Foraminifera: taxonomy, regional biostratigraphy, and palaeobiogeographic faunal development
Authors: Ueno Katsumi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This paper proposes a synthesis of the taxonomy, phylogeny, palaeogeographic distribution, regional biostratigraphy, and palaeobiogeographic faunal development of Carboniferous fusuline foraminifers. They appeared in the latest Tournaisian and comprised a small-sized, morphologically conservative taxonomic group during the Mississippian. Fusulines became larger and prevailed in Pennsylvanian foraminiferal assemblages. Carboniferous fusulines consist of Ozawainellidae, Staffellidae, Schubertellidae, Fusulinidae, and Schwagerinidae, in which 95 genera are considered as valid taxonomically. Upsizing their shells throughout the Pennsylvanian is likely related to symbiosis with photosynthetic microorganisms, which was accelerated by the acquisition of a keriothecal wall in Late Pennsylvanian schwagerinids. Regional fusuline succession data from 40 provinces provide a refined biostratigraphy, enabling zonation and correlation with substage- or higher-resolution precision in the Pennsylvanian. Their spatio-temporal faunal characteristics show that fusulines had a cosmopolitan palaeobiogeographic signature in Mississippian time, suggesting unrestricted faunal exchange through the palaeoequatorial Rheic Ocean. After the formation of Pangaea, Pennsylvanian fusulines started to show provincialism, and their distributions defined the Ural–Arctic Region in the Boreal Realm, Palaeotethys, Panthalassa, and North American Craton regions in the Palaeoequatorial Realm, and Western Gondwana and Eastern Peri-Gondwana regions in the Gondwana Realm. The Western Palaeotethys and East European Platform Subregions maintained higher generic diversity throughout the Pennsylvanian.
Precision Patient Navigation to Improve Rates of Follow-up Colonoscopy, An Individual Randomized Effectiveness Trial
Authors: Coronado Gloria D. , Rawlings Andreea M. , Petrik Amanda F. , Slaughter Matthew , Johnson Eric S. , Hannon Peggy A. , Cole Allison , Vu Thuy , Mummadi Rajasekhara R. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background:
Colorectal cancer screening by annual fecal immunochemical test (FIT) with follow-up on abnormal results is a cost-effective strategy to reduce colorectal cancer incidence and mortality. Unfortunately, many patients with abnormal results do not complete a follow-up colonoscopy. We tested whether navigation targeted to patients who are unlikely to complete the procedure may improve adherence and long-term outcomes.

Methods:
Study participants were patients at a large, integrated health system (Kaiser Permanente Northwest) who were ages 50 to 75 and were due for a follow-up colonoscopy after a recent abnormal FIT result. Probability of adherence to follow-up was estimated at baseline using a predictive risk model. Patients whose probability was 70% or lower were randomized to receive patient navigation or usual care, with randomization stratified by probability category (&lt;50%, 50% &lt; 60%, 60% &lt; 65%, 65% d 70%). We compared colonoscopy completion within 6 months between the navigation and usual care groups using Cox proportional hazards regression.

Results:
Participants (n = 415; 200 assigned to patient navigation, 215 to usual care) had a mean age of 62 years, 54% were female, and 87% were non-Hispanic white. By 6 months, 76% of the patient navigation group had completed a colonoscopy, compared with 65% of the usual care group (HR = 1.35; 95% confidence interval, 1.07–1.72; log-rank P value = 0.027).

Conclusions:
In this randomized trial, patient navigation led to improvements in follow-up colonoscopy adherence.

Impact:
More research is needed to assess the value of precision-directed navigation programs.
Investigation of the Interplay between Circulating Lipids and IGF-I and Relevance to Breast Cancer Risk: An Observational and Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Tan Vanessa Y. , Bull Caroline J. , Biernacka Kalina M. , Teumer Alexander , Richardson Tom G. , Sanderson Eleanor , Corbin Laura J. , Dudding Tom , Qi Qibin , Kaplan Robert C. , Rotter Jerome I. , Friedrich Nele , Völker Uwe , Mayerle Julia , Perks Claire M. , Holly Jeff M.P. , Timpson Nicholas J. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background:
Circulating lipids and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) have been reliably associated with breast cancer. Observational studies suggest an interplay between lipids and IGF-I, however, whether these relationships are causal and if pathways from these phenotypes to breast cancer overlap is unclear.

Methods:
Mendelian randomization (MR) was conducted to estimate the relationship between lipids or IGF-I and breast cancer risk using genetic summary statistics for lipids (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C; triglycerides, TGs), IGF-I and breast cancer from GLGC/UKBB (N = 239,119), CHARGE/UKBB (N = 252,547), and Breast Cancer Association Consortium (N = 247,173), respectively. Cross-sectional observational and MR analyses were conducted to assess the bi-directional relationship between lipids and IGF-I in SHIP (N = 3,812) and UKBB (N = 422,389), and using genetic summary statistics from GLGC (N = 188,577) and CHARGE/UKBB (N = 469,872).

Results:
In multivariable MR (MVMR) analyses, the OR for breast cancer per 1-SD increase in HDL-C and TG was 1.08 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.04–1.13] and 0.94 (95% CI, 0.89–0.98), respectively. The OR for breast cancer per 1-SD increase in IGF-I was 1.09 (95% CI, 1.04–1.15). MR analyses suggested a bi-directional TG–IGF-I relationship (TG–IGF-I β per 1-SD: −0.13; 95% CI, −0.23 to −0.04; and IGF-I–TG β per 1-SD: −0.11; 95% CI, −0.18 to −0.05). There was little evidence for a causal relationship between HDL-C and LDL-C with IGF-I. In MVMR analyses, associations of TG or IGF-I with breast cancer were robust to adjustment for IGF-I or TG, respectively.

Conclusions:
Our findings suggest a causal role of HDL-C, TG, and IGF-I in breast cancer. Observational and MR analyses support an interplay between IGF-I and TG; however, MVMR estimates suggest that TG and IGF-I may act independently to influence breast cancer.

Impact:
Our findings should be considered in the development of prevention strategies for breast cancer, where interventions are known to modify circulating lipids and IGF-I.
Concordance between Self-reported Symptoms and Clinically Ascertained Peripheral Neuropathy among Childhood Cancer Survivors: the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort Study
Authors: Hayek Samah , Dhaduk Rikeenkumar , Sapkota Yadav , Evans William E. , Diouf Barthelemy , Bjornard Kari , Wilson Carmen L. , Hudson Melissa M. , Robison Leslie L. , Khan Raja B. , Srivastava Deo Kumar , Krull Kevin R. , Ness Kirsten K. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background:
Childhood cancer survivors are at elevated risk for motor and/or sensory neuropathy. The study aims to evaluate the concordance between self-report peripheral neuropathy compared with clinically ascertained peripheral neuropathy, and to identify factors associated with misclassification of peripheral neuropathy among survivors.

Methods:
The concordance between self-report and clinically ascertained peripheral neuropathy was evaluated among 2,933 5+ years old childhood cancer survivors (mean age 33.3, SD = 8.9). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of self-report peripheral motor neuropathy (PMN) and peripheral sensory neuropathy (PSN) were calculated with reference to clinically assessed peripheral neuropathy.

Results:
Female survivors were more likely than male survivors to have clinically ascertained PMN (8.4% vs. 5.6%, P = 0.004). For females, having either PSN or PMN the most sensitive, specific, and accurate self-reported symptom was endorsing ≥2 symptoms on the self-report questionnaire (43.2%, 90.3%, and 85.2%, respectively), with kappa of 0.304. For males, having either PSN or PMN the most sensitive, specific, and accurate self-reported symptom was endorsing ≥2 symptoms on the self-report questionnaire (38.8%, 90.5%, and 86.3%, respectively) with kappa of 0.242. Age at diagnosis, emotional distress, and reporting pain in legs in the past 4 weeks were associated with an increased risk for false-positive reporting of peripheral neuropathy. Race (White), age at assessment, and emotional distress were associated with increased risk for false-negative reporting of peripheral neuropathy.

Conclusions:
Agreement between self-report and clinically ascertained peripheral neuropathy was poor in survivors. Choosing self-report versus clinical ascertained peripheral neuropathy should be carefully considered.

Impact:
The current study identifies the need for a self-report questionnaire that accurately assesses symptoms of peripheral neuropathy among cancer survivors.
Suppression of Colon Tumorigenesis in MutantApcMice by a Novel PDE10 Inhibitor that Reduces Oncogenic β-Catenin
Authors: Lee Kevin J. , Chang Wen-Chi L. , Chen Xi , Valiyaveettil Jacob , Ramirez-Alcantara Veronica , Gavin Elaine , Musiyenko Alla , Madeira da Silva Luciana , Annamdevula Naga S. , Leavesley Silas J. , Ward Antonio , Mattox Tyler , Lindsey Ashley S. , Andrews Joel , Zhu Bing , Wood Charles , Neese Ashleigh , Nguyen Ashley , Berry Kristy , Maxuitenko Yulia , Moyer Mary Pat , Nurmemmedov Elmar , Gorman Greg , Coward Lori , Zhou Gang , Keeton Adam B. , Cooper Harry S. , Clapper Margie L. , Piazza Gary A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPrevious studies have reported that phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10) is overexpressed in colon epithelium during early stages of colon tumorigenesis and essential for colon cancer cell growth. Here we describe a novel non-COX inhibitory derivative of the anti-inflammatory drug, sulindac, with selective PDE10 inhibitory activity, ADT 061. ADT 061 potently inhibited the growth of colon cancer cells expressing high levels of PDE10, but not normal colonocytes that do not express PDE10. The concentration range by which ADT 061 inhibited colon cancer cell growth was identical to concentrations that inhibit recombinant PDE10. ADT 061 inhibited PDE10 by a competitive mechanism and did not affect the activity of other PDE isozymes at concentrations that inhibit colon cancer cell growth. Treatment of colon cancer cells with ADT 061 activated cGMP/PKG signaling, induced phosphorylation of oncogenic β-catenin, inhibited Wnt-induced nuclear translocation of β-catenin, and suppressed TCF/LEF transcription at concentrations that inhibit cancer cell growth. Oral administration of ADT 061 resulted in high concentrations in the colon mucosa and significantly suppressed the formation of colon adenomas in the Apc+/min-FCCC mouse model of colorectal cancer without discernable toxicity. These results support the development of ADT 061 for the treatment or prevention of adenomas in individuals at risk of developing colorectal cancer.Prevention Relevance:PDE10 is overexpressed in colon tumors whereby inhibition activates cGMP/PKG signaling and suppresses Wnt/β-catenin transcription to selectively induce apoptosis of colon cancer cells. ADT 061 is a novel PDE10 inhibitor that shows promising cancer chemopreventive activity and tolerance in a mouse model of colon cancer.
Infective Endocarditis Hospitalizations and Outcomes in Patients With End‐Stage Kidney Disease: A Nationwide Data‐Linkage Study
Authors: Gallacher Peter J. , McAllister David A. , Mills Nicholas L. , Cruden Nicholas L. , Shah Anoop S. V. , Dhaun Neeraj 
Published: September 2021

Background
We investigated the clinical features, microbiology, and short‐ and long‐term outcomes of incident infective endocarditis (IE) hospitalizations in patients with end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD) requiring dialysis or with a kidney transplant over 25 years in Scotland.

Methods and Results

In this retrospective, population‐based cohort study linking national hospitalization and mortality data, we identified patients with a history of ESKD and hospitalized with IE in Scotland between January 1, 1990 and December 31, 2014. From January 1, 2008, individual IE hospitalizations were additionally linked to national microbiology data. Multivariable logistic regression, adjusting for patient demographics and comorbidities, evaluated the association between ESKD and all‐cause death at 1 and 3 years. Of 7638 incident IE hospitalizations between 1990 and 2014, 2.8% (216/7638) occurred in 210 patients with ESKD and 97.2% (7422/7638) occurred in 7303 patients without ESKD. Positive findings from blood cultures were identified in 42% (950/2267) of incident IE hospitalizations from 2008.
Staphylococcus aureus
was isolated in 25.9% (21/81) and 12.8% (280/2186) of patients with and without ESKD, respectively (
P
=0.002). ESKD was associated with an increased odds of death at 1 (44.9% versus 31.4%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.47, 95% CI, 1.85–3.30;,
P
<0.001) and 3 years (63.9% versus 42.8%; aOR, 3.77; 95% CI, 2.79–5.12;
P
<0.001).

Conclusions
IE is associated with a poor prognosis in patients with ESKD, especially in the longer term. Compared with patients without ESKD, patients with ESKD were twice as likely to die within 1 year, and 3 times as likely to die within 3 years of IE hospitalization.
Conceptual Framework for Personal Recovery in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Dreyer Rachel P. , Pavlo Anthony J. , Horne Anna , Dunn Robert , Danvers Karina , Brush John , Slade Mike , Davidson Larry 
Published: September 2021

Background
Although there has been movement in cardiology to advance patient‐centered approaches to postacute myocardial infarction (AMI) care, work remains to be done in aligning patient preferences with clinical care. Our objective was to characterize patients’ experience of AMI and treatment to develop a new conceptual framework of patient‐centered recovery in cardiology.

Methods and Results
We conducted in‐depth interviews with people who previously experienced an AMI (2016–2019). The interview focused on participants’ experiences of their recovery, which were audio‐recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using a phenomenological framework. The overarching theme described by the 42 participants was feeling like a “different person” after the AMI. This shift manifested itself in both losses and gains, each of which posed new challenges to everyday life. The experience appeared to be an active process requiring people to take responsibility for their health. In terms of loss, participants describe how the AMI threatened their sense of safety and security and led to social isolation, fragility, uncertainty about the future, and difficulty expressing emotions accompanied this new fear. A conceptual framework describing the relationship between AMI, identity change, and functioning was developed.

Conclusions
Participants experienced the AMI as an unexpected disruption in their lives that had far‐reaching effects on their daily functioning, and were resolved in numerous ways. The conceptual framework may assist in providing a theoretical basis for future interventions in cardiology that not only engage and retain patients in care but also improve long‐term adherence to secondary prevention and other aspects of self‐care.