bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Swi6B, an alternative splicing isoform of Swi6, mediates the cell wall integrity of Ganoderma lucidum
Authors: Lian Lingdan , Zhang Guang , Zhu Jing , Wang Yunxiao , Wang Lingshuai , Liu Rui , Shi Liang , Ren Ang , Zhao Mingwen 
Published: June 2021

SummaryThe cell wall integrity (CWI) signaling activates the transcription factor Swi6 through a MAPK signaling cascade in response to cell wall stresses. In this study, we observed two different mRNA variants of swi6 (GlSwi6A and GlSwi6B) existed, due to alternative splicing. Besides, the expression level of GlSwi6B was higher than that of the GlSwi6A mRNA variant. The co‐silencing of GlSwi6A and GlSwi6B was more sensitive to cell wall stress compared with WT, resulting in a decrease of 78% and 76% in chitin and β‐1,3‐d‐glucan content respectively. However, only the overexpression of GlSwi6B decreased the sensitivity to cell wall stress and increased the content of chitin and β‐1,3‐d‐glucan compared with the WT strain. Furthermore, Y1H, EMSA and BLI assays revealed that the GlSwi6B could bind to the promoters of chitin and glucan synthesis genes (GL24454 and GL18134). However, the binding phenome has not been observed in the isoform GlSwi6A. Taken together, our results found two different transcripts generated from Swi6, in which the alternative splice isoform of GlSwi6B participates in regulating the CWI of G. lucidum. This study provides the first insight into the alternative splicing isoform of GlSwi6B in the regulation of CWI signaling in fungi.
The Autobiography of a Neurasthene (1910): The Medical Counternarratives of Margaret Abigail Cleaves, MD
Authors: Tunc Tanfer Emin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article argues that Margaret Abigail Cleaves's The Autobiography of a Neurasthene was part of a body of nineteenth‐century writing that attempted to reclaim and recover the voices of American women by chronicling their struggles with illnesses and cures and documenting their interactions with the medical profession. Cleaves's gynocentric counternarrative was a searing criticism of the prevalent medical model of her era that questioned its treatment of neurasthenic women and offered therapeutic alternatives such as electric, light and music therapy. By doing so, it positioned Cleaves as a significant force of change in understandings of women and their bodies.
Genetic variation in neotropical butterflies is associated with sampling scale, species distributions, and historical forest dynamics
Authors: Attiná Natalí , Núñez Bustos Ezequiel O. , Lijtmaer Darío A. , Hebert Paul D. N. , Tubaro Pablo L. , Lavinia Pablo D. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPrevious studies of butterfly diversification in the Neotropics have focused on Amazonia and the tropical Andes, while southern regions of the continent have received little attention. To address the gap in knowledge about the Lepidoptera of temperate South America, we analysed over 3000 specimens representing nearly 500 species from Argentina for a segment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. Representing 42% of the country's butterfly fauna, collections targeted species from the Atlantic and Andean forests, and biodiversity hotspots that were previously connected but are now isolated. We assessed COI effectiveness for species discrimination and identification and how its performance was affected by geographic distances and taxon coverage. COI data also allowed to study patterns of genetic variation across Argentina, particularly between populations in the Atlantic and Andean forests. Our results show that COI discriminates species well, but that identification success is reduced on average by ~20% as spatial and taxonomic coverage rises. We also found that levels of genetic variation are associated with species' spatial distribution type, a pattern which might reflect differences in their dispersal and colonization abilities. In particular, intraspecific distance between populations in the Atlantic and Andean forests was significantly higher in species with disjunct distributions than in those with a continuous range. All splits between lineages in these forests dated to the Pleistocene, but divergence dates varied considerably, suggesting that historical connections between the Atlantic and Andean forests have differentially affected their shared butterfly fauna. Our study supports the fact that large‐scale assessments of mitochondrial DNA variation are a powerful tool for evolutionary studies.
Thermodynamics shapes the biogeography of propionate‐oxidizing syntrophs in paddy field soils
Authors: Jin Yidan , Jiao Shuo , Dolfing Jan , Lu Yahai 
Published: June 2021

SummarySoil biogeochemical processes are not only gauged by the dominant taxa in the microbiome but also depend on the critical functions of its ‘rare biosphere’ members. Here, we evaluated the biogeographical pattern of ‘rare biosphere’ propionate‐oxidizing syntrophs in 113 paddy soil samples collected across China. The relative abundance, activity and growth potential of propionate‐oxidizing syntrophs were analysed to provide a panoramic view of syntroph biogeographical distribution at the continental scale. The relative abundances of four syntroph genera, Syntrophobacter, Pelotomaculum, Smithella and Syntrophomonas were significantly greater at the warm low latitudes than at the cool high latitudes. Correspondingly, propionate degradation was faster in the low latitude soils compared with the high latitude soils. The low rate of propionate degradation in the high latitude soils resulted in a greater increase of the total syntroph relative abundance, probably due to their initial low relative abundances and the longer incubation time for propionate consumption. The mean annual temperature (MAT) is the most important factor shaping the biogeographical pattern of propionate‐oxidizing syntrophs, with the next factor being the soil's total sulfur content (TS). We suggest that the effect of MAT is related to the thermodynamic conditions, in which the endergonic constraint of propionate oxidation is leveraged with the increase of MAT. The TS effect is likely due to the ability of some propionate syntrophs to facultatively perform sulfate respiration.
How does independent directors’ reputation influence pay‐for‐performance? Evidence from China
Authors: Yang HaiYan , Yao Daifei (Troy) , Qu Xin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe examine the impact of independent directors’ reputations on executive pay‐performance sensitivity. Using hand‐collected data from listed Chinese companies from 2012 to 2017, we find a positive association between independent directors’ reputations and pay‐performance sensitivity that is more pronounced in companies with less concentrated ownership. Further, the results show that reputable directors have a stronger influence on pay‐performance sensitivity when they sit on a remuneration committee, are in state‐owned enterprises, and are in companies with higher agency costs. Our results highlight the monitoring role of reputable independent directors in setting effective executive compensation contracts.
Shaping efficiency of XP‐endo shaper and Mtwo instruments in long oval root canals: A micro‐CT study
Authors: Marques Juliana Lisboa Couto , Freire Laila Gonzales , Scardini Iandara de Lima , Vieira Basilio Rodrigues , de Sousa Frederico Barbosa , dos Santos Marcelo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study evaluated the shaping ability of XP‐endo Shaper and Mtwo systems in long‐oval‐shaped canals of extracted human mandibular molars using micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT). Images recorded before and after preparation were evaluated for morphometric measures regarding increase in canal volume, dentin removed, surface area, untouched walls and structure model index (SMI). Data were statistically analysed using the Mann–Whitney test with 5% of significance. On both groups, the root canal preparation significantly increased all analysed parameters (P > 0.05). There was no statistical difference between XP‐endo Shaper and Mtwo systems in the increase of the canal volume (30.50%–27.82%), in volume of dentin removed (2.77%–2.40%), in the increase of the canal surface area (11.30%–8.86%), in canal untouched surfaces (9.57%–8.51%) and in the SMI (2.59%–2.68%), respectively. XP‐endo Shaper and Mtwo systems showed similar shaping efficiency and were not able to completely prepare the walls of long‐oval‐shaped canals of extracted human mandibular molars.
Late‐onset eccrine syringofibroadenoma of the feet in a patient with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia
Authors: Khan Hina Ali , Kumarasinghe Prasad , Wood Benjamin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA 56‐year‐old woman with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia presented with a 10‐year history of persisting wart‐like skin lesions on her feet. Biopsy revealed changes of eccrine syringofibroadenoma. These lesions are rare, with only nine case reports describing an association with ectodermal dysplasia of hidrotic type (Clouston and Schopf’s syndrome). To our knowledge, this is the first case of eccrine syringofibroadenoma developing in the hypohidrotic/anhidrotic subtype of ectodermal dysplasia.
Cutaneous symplastic hemangioma: A series of four cases
Authors: Frew Derek , Scarborough Richard , Ko Jennifer S. , Billings Steven D. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSymplastic hemangiomas (SH) are benign vascular lesions that show atypia in vascular smooth muscle and interstitial cells with sparing of endothelial cells. We present four cases of this rare tumor. The patients (two males; two females) ranged in age from 57 to 83 years (median 74); lesions were located on the leg (n = 3) and back (n = 1), and ranged from 6 to 8 mm. SH were well‐circumscribed and dermal‐based, often with an epidermal collarette (3/4). They were characterized by the presence of variably atypical, hyperchromatic/pleomorphic epithelioid to spindled cells within vascular walls (3/4) and/or perivascular stroma (4/4). Atypical multinucleated cells were present in three of four cases. The overall mitotic rate was low (0‐2 mitotic figures per 10 HPFs; mean 0.75 per 10 HPFs), but atypical mitotic figures were seen in two of four cases. Atypical cells were negative for SMA (0/2), desmin (0/2), AE1/3 (0/2), and CAM5.2 (0/1). ERG, CD31, and CD34 stains were positive in endothelial cells but negative in atypical cells (4/4). Lesional cells and vessels were negative for podoplanin (3/3). Symplastic hemangioma is a benign tumor with bizarre atypia that may be mistaken for malignancy. We present four cases of this rare entity to increase awareness of this tumor and discuss the differential diagnosis.
Choice of radiography in orthodontic treatment on children and adolescents: A questionnaire‐based study performed in Sweden
Authors: Stervik Christina , Lith Agneta , Westerlund Anna , Ekestubbe Annika 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe aim was to investigate the objective and choice of different radiographic examinations used in orthodontic treatment of children and adolescents, using a web‐based questionnaire directed toward specialists in orthodontics. The questionnaire was distributed to 255 orthodontists in Sweden. In total, 142 responses were received, and 11 specialists were interviewed. Questions were related to the use of radiography during different treatment stages; modifications to the treatment regimen owing to radiographic findings; and the use of and/or need for guidelines in radiography. Radiographic examinations were performed in all treatment stages and mainly during treatment planning. Panoramic radiographs were always or often used by the respondents (99%), less frequently used were lateral radiographs (66%) and intra‐oral radiographs of the incisor regions (69%). Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was sparsely employed. A majority of the respondents considered that radiographic findings often or occasionally affected the treatment. Local‐ or clinic‐specific guidelines were used by 85% of respondents. The need for national guidelines was considered low. The frequent use of panoramic radiography together with application of local guidelines, may indicate that radiographic selection criteria are not individualised. National guidelines might facilitate updates on radiographic techniques, and on radiation doses and risks in young patients.
A mixed‐effect model approach for assessing land‐based mitigation in integrated assessment models: A regional perspective
Authors: Diniz Oliveira Thais , Brunelle Thierry , Guenet Bertrand , Ciais Philippe , Leblanc Florian , Guivarch Céline 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGiven the prospects of low short‐term emissions reduction, carbon removals (CDRs) are expected to play an important role in achieving ambitious mitigation targets in future scenarios of integrated assessment models (IAMs), particularly Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS). In this paper, we explore the IAMC 1.5℃ database to depict the characteristics of the two main CDR options present in mitigation scenarios: BECCS and afforestation/reforestation. We apply a linear mixed‐effect model to capture the specific regional and cross‐IAM effects. Results reveal that the distribution of BECCS and afforestation deployment differs across IAMs and regions and, to a second extent, time. BECCS is preferred in the scenarios not for its ability to expand energy use but actually because it appears as an alternative to afforestation, which is associated with a decrease in energy use. However, the regional distribution of CDR deployment does not show a common pattern across scenarios and IAMs. Therefore, a more comprehensive investigation is needed before it can support policy proposals.
Association of the CD14 ‐260C/T polymorphism with plaque‐induced gingivitis depends on the presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis
Authors: Bartosova Michaela , Borilova Linhartova Petra , Musilova Kristina , Broukal Zdenek , Kukletova Martina , Kukla Lubomir , Izakovicova Holla Lydie 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundPlaque‐induced gingivitis is the most prevalent periodontal disease associated with pathogenic biofilms. The host immune system responds to pathogens through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), such as Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) and their co‐receptor cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14).AimThis study investigated the association between the functional polymorphism in the CD14 gene and the dental plaque microbiota in children with gingivitis.DesignA total of 590 unrelated children (307 with plaque‐induced gingivitis and 283 controls, aged 13‐15 years) were enrolled in this case‐control study. Dental plaque was processed using a ParoCheck® 20 detection kit. The CD14 ‐260C/T (rs2569190) polymorphism was determined with the PCR‐RFLP method.ResultsGingivitis was detected in 64.2% of boys and 35.8% of girls (P < .001). Children with gingivitis had a significantly higher occurrence of dental caries (P < .001). No significant differences in the CD14 ‐260C/T allele and genotype distribution among individuals with or without gingivitis in the whole cohort were found. Children with gingivitis and P gingivalis, however, were significantly more frequent carriers of the CT and TT genotypes than children with gingivitis without P gingivalis or healthy controls (P < .05).ConclusionsThe CD14 ‐260C/T polymorphism acts in cooperation with P gingivalis to trigger plaque‐induced gingivitis in Czech children.
Information flow and nursing care during the early phase of the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Cha Chiyoung , Park Suhyun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to understand the dissemination of information relating to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) and its impact on nursing care in the early phase of transmission.BackgroundCOVID‐19 has spread globally, causing an unprecedentedly large number of casualties. Nurses face challenges in dealing with patients with COVID‐19 with limited information about the pathogen.DesignThis qualitative study followed the COREQ guidelines.MethodsFifteen nurses were recruited from two university hospitals in South Korea using a snowballing technique for in‐depth interviews in May 2020. All interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Content analysis was performed on the interview data.ResultsTwo themes emerged: access to COVID‐19 information and the impact of information on nursing care. The categories of access to COVID‐19 information were lack of nursing‐specific information, limited information cascading from top management and confusion due to varying points of view. The categories of the impact of information on nursing care were unprepared management that aggravates exhaustion, lack of personal protective equipment that creates anxiety and being a nurse leader to overcome the pandemic.ConclusionDuring a pandemic of emerging infectious diseases, nurses should have access to up‐to‐date information tailored to their working environment. Human resources, material resources and systematic support are needed for nurses who provide care for patients with an infectious disease.Relevance to clinical practiceA collaborative interprofessional education system for emerging infectious diseases is needed for effective communication and consistent care during a pandemic. Nurse leaders should be prepared to deliver profession‐specific information for standardised care and respond to nursing management needs by using resources and tailoring the workforce.
Modeling the Flow Around and the Hydrodynamic Drag on Net Meshes Using reef3d
Authors: Wang Gang , Martin Tobias , Huang Liuyi , Bihs Hans 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The hydrodynamics and flow around net meshes has recently drawn more and more attention because it is closely related to the expected forces on aquaculture. In terms of modeling the hydrodynamic forces on nets, Morison or screen force models are ordinarily. However, they mainly rely on empirical, experimental, or cylindrical hydrodynamic coefficients, neglecting the flow interactions between adjacent net twines. In this study, the open-source hydrodynamic toolbox reef3d is adopted to analyze the flow around net meshes and investigate the hydrodynamic drag on the structure. The simulation accuracy is in good agreement with flume experiments and previous research. The results demonstrate that 2 × 2 or 3 × 3 mesh cases are more reliable for studying the flow around net meshes including the flow interactions around adjacent twines. It is further shown that controlling the solidity of the net through changing net bar diameters has different effects on the flow around meshes than controlling it by the twine length. This article presents a first step in the aim to derive a new empirical formula for the drag coefficients depending on the solidity and fluid properties, which is more appropriate for the physics involved in offshore conditions.
Uncertainty Quantification of Aero-Thermal Performance of a Blade Endwall Considering Slot Geometry Deviation and Mainstream Fluctuation
Authors: Tao Zhi , Guo Zhendong , Song Liming , Li Jun 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
With the ever-increasing aerodynamic and thermal loads, the endwalls of modern gas turbines have become critical areas that are susceptible to manufacturing and operational uncertainties, making them highly prone to thermal failures. Therefore, it is of vital importance to quantify the impacts of input uncertainties on the aero-thermal performance of endwalls. First, based on the Kriging surrogate, an efficient uncertainty quantification (UQ) method suitable for expensive computational fluid dynamics (CFD) problems is proposed. By using this method, the impacts of slot geometry deviations (slot width, endwall misalignment) and mainstream condition fluctuations (turbulence intensity, inlet flow angle) on the aero-thermal performance of endwalls are quantified. Results show that the actual performance of endwalls has a high probability of deviating from its nominal value. The maximum deviations of aerodynamic loss, area-averaged film cooling effectiveness, and area-averaged Nusselt number reach 0.33%, 45%, and 5.0%, respectively. The critical regions that are most sensitive to the input uncertainties are also identified. Second, a global sensitivity analysis method is also performed to pick out the significant uncertain parameters and explore the relationship between input uncertainties and performance output. The inlet flow angle is proved to be the most significant parameter among the four input uncertain parameters. Besides, a positive incidence angle is found to be detrimental to both the aerodynamic performance and the thermal management of endwalls. Finally, the influence mechanisms of the inlet flow angle on endwall aero-thermal performance are clarified by a fundamental analysis of flow and thermal fields.
Effect of Nonreciprocal Forces on the Stability of Dust Clusters
Authors: Ignatov A. M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Results are presented from studies of the stability of the plane dust clusters in the form of a regular polygon with the number of particles from two to five. It is assumed that the particles are placed in the plasma consisting of Maxwellian electrons and a directed flow of cold ions. It is shown that, in such clusters, the oscillatory instabilities can develop along with the aperiodic instabilities. The ranges of plasma parameters are determined, within which the oscillatory instability of the five-particle cluster becomes saturated at the weakly nonlinear stage. As a result, the cluster forms a time crystal, which can be a chiral crystal.
Radiative Surface Waves in Layered Plasma–Dielectric Structures and Prospects of Their Application in Plasma Microwave Electronics
Authors: Kartashov I. N. , Kuzelev M. V. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Surface waves in layered systems consisting of material media with different frequency dispersions are considered: dielectric–plasma–vacuum, vacuum–plasma–plasma, and dielectric–vacuum–plasma. It is shown that in such systems, one of the surface waves can be radiative into a medium that does not form an interface for the surface wave under consideration, in view of which the wave becomes decaying. In the dielectric–vacuum–plasma system, there is only one surface wave localized at the vacuum–plasma interface, which is radiative into the dielectric in a certain region of wavenumbers with a not too small thickness of the vacuum layer. For all cases, the possibilities of exciting surface waves of a layered structure by an electron beam are analyzed. It is indicated which surface waves will be excited most efficiently. The prospects of using such waves in plasma microwave electronics in the development of sub-terahertz and possibly terahertz frequency ranges are shown.