bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global assessment of marine and freshwater recreational fish reveals mismatch in climate change vulnerability and conservation effort
Authors: Nyboer Elizabeth A. , Lin Hsien‐Yung , Bennett Joseph R. , Gabriel Joseph , Twardek William , Chhor Auston D. , Daly Lindsay , Dolson Sarah , Guitard Eric , Holder Peter , Mozzon Christina M. , Trahan Alexandria , Zimmermann Dennis , Kesner‐Reyes Kathleen , Garilao Cristina , Kaschner Kristin , Cooke Steven J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRecreational fisheries contribute substantially to the sociocultural and economic well‐being of coastal and riparian regions worldwide, but climate change threatens their sustainability. Fishery managers require information on how climate change will impact key recreational species; however, the absence of a global assessment hinders both directed and widespread conservation efforts. In this study, we present the first global climate change vulnerability assessment of recreationally targeted fish species from marine and freshwater environments (including diadromous fishes). We use climate change projections and data on species’ physiological and ecological traits to quantify and map global climate vulnerability and analyze these patterns alongside the indices of socioeconomic value and conservation effort to determine where efforts are sufficient and where they might fall short. We found that over 20% of recreationally targeted fishes are vulnerable to climate change under a high emission scenario. Overall, marine fishes had the highest number of vulnerable species, concentrated in regions with sensitive habitat types (e.g., coral reefs). However, freshwater fishes had higher proportions of species at risk from climate change, with concentrations in northern Europe, Australia, and southern Africa. Mismatches in conservation effort and vulnerability were found within all regions and life‐history groups. A key pattern was that current conservation effort focused primarily on marine fishes of high socioeconomic value rather than on the freshwater and diadromous fishes that were predicted to be proportionately more vulnerable. While several marine regions were notably lacking in protection (e.g., Caribbean Sea, Banda Sea), only 19% of vulnerable marine species were without conservation effort. By contrast, 72% of freshwater fishes and 33% of diadromous fishes had no measures in place, despite their high vulnerability and cultural value. The spatial and taxonomic analyses presented here provide guidance for the future conservation and management of recreational fisheries as climate change progresses.
Academic freedom in contemporary Britain: A cause for concern?
Authors: Karran Terence , Beiter Klaus D. , Mallinson Lucy 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUsing comparable legal information, and empirical data from over 2000 members of the UK's University and College Union and 2000 staff in universities of the European states, gathered by means of similar surveys, this paper is a comparative assessment of the de jure protection for, and the de facto levels of, academic freedom enjoyed by academic staff in the UK, when compared to their EU counterparts. The paper examines the legal and constitutional protection for academic freedom and the current levels of, and changes to, the two substantive elements (freedom to teach and freedom to research) and three supportive components (autonomy, governance and tenure) of academic freedom. The study reveals that UK academic staff believe that there is a low level of protection for academic freedom and that it has declined, both in general, and with respect to the two substantive elements and three supportive components of academic freedom. Similar trends are evident in the EU states, but statistical tests reveal that for every measure utilised, the decline in academic freedom is significantly greater in the UK than in the EU states.
Stranger danger? Cue‐based trust in online consumer product review videos
Authors: Pfeuffer Alexander , Phua Joe 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTrust is a significant factor in electronic word‐of‐mouth (eWOM) effects. Consumers often need to form judgements about others using heuristic cues when they cannot rely on previous cumulative experiences with an online entity. Drawing on the theoretical construct of cue‐based trust and signalling theory, this study aimed to identify and examine the efficacy of content attributes serving as trust cues in online consumer product review videos. A multi‐method study conducted a series of focus groups and a survey study; focus groups identified 18 content attributes intentionally provided by a content creator in product review videos that serve as trust cues. In the focus groups and the survey, six of these content attributes emerged as heuristic cues that are particularly effective at eliciting consumer trust. Findings contribute to the understanding of cue‐based trust and signalling theory in the eWOM context and hold practical implications for various stakeholders.
Effect of heat moisture treatment on resistant starch content among carbohydrate sources: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Faridah Didah Nur , Damaiyanti Sanaz , Indrasti Dias , Jayanegara Anuraga , Afandi Frendy Ahmad 
Published: July 2021

SummaryResistant starch (RS) can be generated through heat moisture treatment (HMT). The HMT was conducted by modifying starch using different ratio of moisture content, high temperature and heating time. A number of studies showed that the effects of HMT on RS contents in cereals, pulses, tubers and fruits were inconsistent. This study aimed to analyse the impact of HMT on RS level in various carbohydrate sources through a meta‐analysis approach. Study selection was conducted with the PRISMA method. There were 21 relevant studies and 67 data used for meta‐analysis. The database was analysed by using Hedges’ d. The results showed that there was a significant impact of HMT on RS level of cereals, especially wheat. The highest increase in RS levels for various carbohydrate sources in starch was influenced by the interaction of treatment between water content at 15 ≤ x < 25%, heating time at 0.25 < x ≤ 6 h and temperature at 120 ≤ x ≤ 130 °C.
COVID‐19: Thrombosis, thromboinflammation, and anticoagulation considerations
Authors: Levy Jerrold H. , Iba Toshiaki , Olson Lyra B. , Corey Kristen M. , Ghadimi Kamrouz , Connors Jean M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractVascular endothelial injury is a hallmark of acute infection at both the microvascular and macrovascular levels. The hallmark of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection is the current COVID‐19 clinical sequelae of the pathophysiologic responses of hypercoagulability and thromboinflammation associated with acute infection. The acute lung injury that initially occurs in COVID‐19 results from vascular and endothelial damage from viral injury and pathophysiologic responses that produce the COVID‐19–associated coagulopathy. Clinicians should continue to focus on the vascular endothelial injury that occurs and evaluate potential therapeutic interventions that may benefit those with new infections during the current pandemic as they may also be of benefit for future pathogens that generate similar thromboinflammatory responses. The current Accelerating COVID‐19 Therapeutic Interventions and Vaccines (ACTIV) studies are important projects that will further define our management strategies. At the time of writing this report, two mRNA vaccines are now being distributed and will hopefully have a major impact on slowing the global spread and subsequent thromboinflammatory injury we see clinically in critically ill patients.
Unsupervised flow cytometry analysis in hematological malignancies: A new paradigm
Authors: Béné Marie C. , Lacombe Francis , Porwit Anna 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEver since hematopoietic cells became “events” enumerated and characterized in suspension by cell counters or flow cytometers, researchers and engineers have strived to refine the acquisition and display of the electronic signals generated. A large array of solutions was then developed to identify at best the numerous cell subsets that can be delineated, notably among hematopoietic cells. As instruments became more and more stable and robust, the focus moved to analytic software. Almost concomitantly, the capacity increased to use large panels (both with mass and classical cytometry) and to apply artificial intelligence/machine learning for their analysis. The combination of these concepts raised new analytical possibilities, opening an unprecedented field of subtle exploration for many conditions, including hematopoiesis and hematological disorders. In this review, the general concepts and progress achieved in the development of new analytical approaches for exploring high‐dimensional data sets at the single‐cell level will be described as they appeared over the past few years. A larger and more practical part will detail the various steps that need to be mastered, both in data acquisition and in the preanalytical check of data files. Finally, a step‐by‐step explanation of the solution in development to combine the Bioconductor clustering algorithm FlowSOM and the popular and widely used software Kaluza® (Beckman Coulter) will be presented. The aim of this review was to point out that the day when these progresses will reach routine hematology laboratories does not seem so far away.
Minimizing cost associated with management of heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia: A cost analysis of various laboratory testing models
Authors: Northam Kalynn A. , Johnson Jasmine A. , Behrens Allison , Chen Sheh‐Li , Kasthuri Raj S. , Rollins‐Raval Marian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionManagement of patients with suspected heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) can lead to significant costs. Reported cost‐saving initiatives have focused on minimizing inappropriate testing in low‐risk patients and optimizing alternative anticoagulant selection. We sought to further investigate how utilizing various HIT laboratory testing models would impact total cost of testing and alternative anticoagulant use.MethodsUtilizing a retrospective cohort of adult patients tested for HIT over three years within our institution, we evaluated how utilization of four distinct laboratory models impacted total number of HIT test combinations completed, time to HIT testing finalization, percentage of patients discharged from the hospital prior to HIT testing finalization, total alternative anticoagulant days, and total anticipated major bleed events. Additionally, we calculated cost of laboratory testing and alternative anticoagulant associated with each model.ResultsA total of 482 patients were included in our cohort. A laboratory testing model that utilized an in‐house platelet factor 4 (PF4)‐heparin enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) completed three days weekly, and reflex serotonin release assay (SRA) with a five‐day turnaround resulted in the shortest mean time to HIT testing finalization, lowest percentage of patients discharged prior to HIT testing finalization, and lowest total alternative anticoagulant days.ConclusionsInstitutions should evaluate current HIT laboratory testing practices and assess for opportunities for optimization. Testing models utilizing a PF4‐heparin antibody ELISA with a reflex SRA for positive results may improve testing metrics and lead to lower utilization of alternative anticoagulants.
Linking grain boundary structure and composition to microstructure in commercial‐grade‐doped specialty Aluminas
Authors: Marvel Christopher J. , Frueh Tobias , Compson Charles , Harmer Martin P. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe design of commercial‐grade specialty alumina for improved behavior relies on better understanding the complex interplay between high concentrations of intentional dopants and unintentional impurities, which are unavoidably introduced during industrial‐scale processing. In particular, dopants and impurities govern grain boundary structure/composition, grain growth, and bulk material properties. While the effects of single dopants in ultra‐high‐purity ceramics are well understood, the same concepts have not been adequately extended to commercial materials containing numerous impurities, especially when utilizing the latest atomic‐resolution characterization techniques to evaluate grain boundary structure and composition. Therefore, this work investigated the effects of varying co‐doping levels of MgO, CaO, and SiO2 on grain boundary structure and composition in commercial‐grade alumina by applying aberration‐corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy. First, it was observed that grain growth behavior, specifically grain morphology, in doped specialty aluminas was anomalous to ultra‐high‐purity alumina; in the composition range that was investigated in this study, Ca‐doped specialty alumina exhibited equiaxed grains, whereas Si‐doped specialty alumina exhibited elongated grains. Afterward, it was determined that elemental ratios of bulk doping concentrations differed from grain boundary compositions. Grain boundary compositions, as well as grain boundary structure, were therefore determined to be the dominant metrics to predict grain growth behavior. Overall, co‐doping effects on grain boundary structure and composition are the key parameters to consider to control commercial‐grade ceramics and improve material reliability.
Virtual reality application influences cognitive load‐mediated creativity components and creative performance in engineering design
Authors: Chen Yi‐Ching , Chang Yu‐Shan , Chuang Meng‐Jung 
Published: July 2021

AbstractVirtual reality (VR) can promote design performance, and may generate a high cognitive load and affect creative design thinking as well. In order to examine the effect of VR application on cognitive load and engineering design creativity, this study recruited 81 eighth‐grade students as participants and employed a non‐equivalent‐groups quasi‐experimental design to examine how VR application influences creativity components and creative performance. A creativity component scale (creative motivation, creative thinking, and professional cognition), a measurement of creative performance, and a cognitive load scale were used to collect data. The study also investigated the ability of VR application to predict creativity components and creative performance, using cognitive load as the mediator. The conclusions are as follows: (1) VR application had marked effects on professional cognition and creative motivation but no effect on creative thinking skills. (2) VR application had marked effects on the novelty and usefulness aspects of creative performance, particularly with respect to usefulness. (3) VR application had marked effects on extraneous and germane cognitive load, but no influence on intrinsic cognitive load, and (4) Both VR application and cognitive load were able to predict creativity components and creative performance. Their abilities to predict creative performance approached an acceptable level. Nevertheless, VR application had no effect on general creative thinking skills; therefore, other teaching strategies are needed to strengthen creative thinking.
Balancing between Artemia and microdiet usage for normal skeletal development in zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Printzi Alice , Kourkouta Chara , Fragkoulis Stefanos , Dimitriadi Anastasia , Geladakis George , Orfanakis Michail , Mazurais David , Zambonino‐Infante Jose‐Luis , Koumoundouros George 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTargeting in zebrafish fast growth, high survival rates and improved reproductive performance has led over the last years in variable feeding regimes between different facilities. Despite its significance on fish function and welfare, normal skeletal development has rarely been evaluated in establishing the best feeding practices for zebrafish. The aim of this study was to establish a protocol for normal skeletal development, growth and survival of zebrafish larvae through live feed‐to‐microdiet transition at an appropriate rate. Four feeding regimes including feeding exclusively on Artemia nauplii (A) or dry microdiet (D), and feeding on both Artemia and microdiet at two different transition rates (slow (B) or fast (C)) were applied from 5 to 24 dpf (days post‐fertilization). Results demonstrated a significant effect of feeding regimes on the incidence of skeletal abnormalities (gill cover, fins and vertebral column, p < .05) in zebrafish larvae. The A and B experimental groups presented the highest (88 ± 3 and 84 ± 17%, respectively), but the C and D the lowest (18 ± 14 and 11 ± 2%, respectively), rates of normal fish (fish without any abnormality). Similarly, growth rate was comparatively elevated in A and B groups. No significant differences were observed in fish survival between A, B and C groups. However, D group presented a significantly lower survival rate. To our knowledge, this is the first study to show that the live feed‐to‐microdiet transition rate influences larval growth, survival and abnormality rates in a non‐homogenous pattern.
Flood frequency analysis of Manas River Basin in China under non‐stationary condition
Authors: He Chaofei , Chen Fulong , Wang Yixuan , Long Aihua , He Xinlin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIncorporating 50 years of flood data for the Manas River Kenswat Hydrological Station from 1957 to 2006, the Pettitt test and Mann–Kendall trend test are used to analyse non‐stationarity of the flood characteristic sequences. Moreover, the Pearson type‐III (P‐III) distribution, the mixed distribution (MD) and conditional probability distribution (CPD) models are employed to analyse frequency and to calculate the design flood process line. The results showed that the annual maximum peak discharge and the annual maximum flood volume are most likely to change in 1993. The MD model considering the non‐stationarity of the flood sequence is more accurate than the CPD model and the traditional P‐III distribution model. There are significant differences in the design flood process lines of the 1996 typical flood process obtained by the three methods using the same frequency scaling method. In addition, under different design standards, the design value of the MD model is 20–53% smaller than the design value approved in 2008 (approved by China Renewable Energy Engineering Institute) and 4–48% higher than the traditional P‐III distribution design value. The results can provide a new reference for the management of non‐stationary floods in Manas River.
Kikuchi pattern simulations of backscattered and transmitted electrons
Authors: Winkelmann Aimo , Nolze Gert , Cios Grzegorz , Tokarski Tomasz , Bała Piotr , Hourahine Ben , Trager‐Cowan Carol 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe discuss a refined simulation approach which treats Kikuchi diffraction patterns in electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and transmission Kikuchi diffraction (TKD). The model considers the result of two combined mechanisms: (a) the dynamical diffraction of electrons emitted coherently from point sources in a crystal and (b) diffraction effects on incoherent diffuse intensity distributions. Using suitable parameter settings, the refined simulation model allows to reproduce various thickness‐ and energy‐dependent features which are observed in experimental Kikuchi diffraction patterns. Excess‐deficiency features are treated by the effect of gradients in the incoherent background intensity. Based on the analytical two‐beam approximation to dynamical electron diffraction, a phenomenological model of excess‐deficiency features is derived, which can be used for pattern matching applications. The model allows to approximate the effect of the incident beam geometry as a correction signal for template patterns which can be reprojected from pre‐calculated reference data. As an application, we find that the accuracy of fitted projection centre coordinates in EBSD and TKD can be affected by changes in the order of – if excess‐deficiency features are not considered in the theoretical model underlying a best‐fit pattern matching approach. Correspondingly, the absolute accuracy of simulation‐based EBSD strain determination can suffer from biases of a similar order of magnitude if excess‐deficiency effects are neglected in the simulation model.
Comparative anatomy and phylogenetic contribution of intracranial osseous canals and cavities in armadillos and glyptodonts (Xenarthra, Cingulata)
Authors: Le Verger Kévin , González Ruiz Laureano R. , Billet Guillaume 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe evolutionary history of the Cingulata, as for many groups, remains a highly debated topic to this day, particularly for one of their most emblematic representatives: the glyptodonts. There is no consensus among morphological and molecular phylogenies regarding their position within Cingulata. As demonstrated by recent works, the study of the internal anatomy constitutes a promising path for enriching morphological matrices for the phylogenetic study of armadillos. However, internal cranial anatomy remains understudied in the Cingulata. Here we explored and compared the anatomy of intracranial osseous canals and cavities in a diverse sample of extant and extinct cingulates, including the earliest well‐preserved glyptodont crania. The virtual 3D reconstruction (using X‐ray microtomography) of selected canals, that is, the nasolacrimal canal, the palatine canal, the sphenopalatine canal, the canal for the frontal diploic vein, the transverse canal, the orbitotemporal canal, the canal for the capsuloparietal emissary vein and the posttemporal canal, and alveolar cavities related to cranial vascularization, innervation or tooth insertion allowed us to compare the locations, trajectories, and shape of these structures and to discuss their potential interest for cingulate systematics. We tentatively reconstructed evolutionary scenarios for eight selected traits related to these structures in which glyptodonts often showed a close resemblance to pampatheres, to the genus Proeutatus, and/or to chlamyphorines. This latter pattern was partly congruent with recent molecular hypotheses, but more research is needed on these resemblances and on the potential effects of development and allometry on the observed variations. Overall, these comparisons have enabled us to highlight new anatomical variation that may be of great interest to further explore the evolutionary history of cingulates and the origins of glyptodonts on a morphological basis.
Paleobiological reconstructions of articular function require all six degrees of freedom
Authors: Manafzadeh Armita R. , Gatesy Stephen M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPaleobiologists typically exclude impossible joint poses from reconstructions of extinct animals by estimating the rotational range of motion (ROM) of fossil joints. However, this ubiquitous practice carries the assumption that osteological estimates of ROM consistently overestimate true joint mobility. Because studies founded on ROM‐based exclusion have contributed substantially to our understanding of functional and locomotor evolution, it is critical that this assumption be tested. Here, we evaluate whether ROM‐based exclusion is, as currently implemented, a reliable strategy. We measured the true mobilities of five intact cadaveric joints using marker‐based X‐ray Reconstruction of Moving Morphology and compared them to virtual osteological estimates of ROM made allowing (a) only all three rotational, (b) all three rotational and one translational, and (c) all three rotational and all three translational degrees of freedom. We found that allowing combinations of motions in all six degrees of freedom is necessary to ensure that true mobility is always successfully captured. In other words, failing to include joint translations in ROM analyses results in the erroneous exclusion of many joint poses that are possible in life. We therefore suggest that the functional and evolutionary conclusions of existing paleobiological reconstructions may be weakened or even overturned when all six degrees of freedom are considered. We offer an expanded methodological framework for virtual ROM estimation including joint translations and outline recommendations for future ROM‐based exclusion studies.