bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of microstructure and crystalline phases on impedance spectra of sodium conducting glass ceramics produced from glass powder
Authors: Kusnezoff Mihails , Wagner Dörte , Schilm Jochen , Heubner Christian , Matthey Björn , Lee Chang Woo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCrystallization of highly ionic conductive N5 (Na5YSi4O12) phase from melted Na3+3x-1Y1-xPySi3-yO9 parent glass provides an attractive pathway for cost-effective manufacturing of Na-ion conducting thin electrolyte substrates. The temperature-dependent crystallization of parent glass results in several crystalline phases in the microstructure (N3 (Na3YSi2O7), N5 and N8 (Na8.1Y Si6O18) phases) as well as in rest glass phase with temperature dependent viscosity. The electrical properties of dense parent glass and of compositions densified and crystallized at 700 °C, 800 °C, 900 °C, 1000 °C, and 1100 °C are investigated by impedance spectroscopy and linked to their microstructure and crystalline phase content determined by Rietveld refinement. The parent glass has high isolation resistance and predominantly electrons as charge carriers. For sintering at ≥ 900 °C, sufficient N5 phase content is formed to exceed the percolation limit and form ion-conducting pathways. At the same time, the highest content of crystalline phase and the lowest grain boundary resistance are observed. Further increase of the sintering temperature leads to a decrease of the grain resistance and an increase of grain boundary resistance. The grain boundary resistance increases remarkably for samples sintered at 1100 °C due to softening of the residual glass phase and wetting of the grain boundaries. The conductivity of fully crystallized N5 phase (grain conductivity) is calculated from thorough impedance spectra analysis using its volume content estimated from Rietveld analysis, density measurements and assuming reasonable tortuosity to 2.8 10−3 S cm−1 at room temperature. The excellent conductivity and easy processing demonstrate the great potential for the use of this phase in the preparation of solid-state sodium electrolytes.
Service Providers Perspectives on Personal Recovery from Severe Mental Illness in Cape Town, South Africa: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Gamieldien Fadia , Galvaan Roshan , Myers Bronwyn , Sorsdahl Katherine 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSevere mental illnesses (SMI) contribute significantly to the global burden of disease. In low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs), the treatment gap impacts the clinical and personal recovery of people living with an SMI. The drive to reduce this treatment gap in LMICs makes it pertinent to understand service providers’ views on recovery from SMI. Semi-structured interviews and focus groups with service providers from health services and non-profit organisations in the Western Cape Province, South Africa, were conducted in this qualitative study. Seventeen participants were purposively selected, and data were thematically analysed. Three major themes emerged: delineating recovery, available services supporting recovery from SMI, and facilitators and barriers to recovery at the service level. Health services favoured clinical over personal recovery. Participants thought that many service users’ personal recovery from SMI was hindered by intersecting social, economic, cultural, and political inequalities that extended beyond the influence of the health sector.
Pirfenidone as a novel cardiac protective treatment
Authors: Aimo Alberto , Spitaleri Giosafat , Panichella Giorgia , Lupón Josep , Emdin Michele , Bayes-Genis Antoni 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMyocardial fibrosis is a common feature of several heart diseases. The progressive deposition of extracellular matrix due to a persistent injury to cardiomyocytes may trigger a vicious cycle that leads to persistent structural and functional alterations of the myocardium. Some drugs (like renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors) have been shown to reduce extracellular matrix deposition, but no primarily anti-fibrotic medications are currently used to treat patients with heart failure (HF). Pirfenidone is an oral antifibrotic agent approved for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Although its exact mechanism of action is not fully understood, pirfenidone might reduce the expression of profibrotic factors such as transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and proinflammatory cytokines, like tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-4, and IL-13, which could modulate the inflammatory response and inhibit collagen synthesis in lung tissue. There is some evidence that pirfenidone has antifibrotic activity in various animal models of cardiac disease. Furthermore, the positive results of the PIROUETTE trial, evaluating pirfenidone in patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction, have been very recently announced. This review summarizes the data about pirfenidone as a potential cardioprotective treatment.
Novel Quantification of Extracellular Vesicles with Unaltered Surface Membranes Using an Internalized Oligonucleotide Tracer and Applied Pharmacokinetic Multiple Compartment Modeling
Authors: De Luca Thomas , Stratford Robert E. , Edwards Madison E. , Ferreira Christina R. , Benson Eric A. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose
We developed an accessible method for labeling small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) without disrupting endogenous ligands. Using labeled sEVs administered to conscious rats, we developed a multiple compartment pharmacokinetic model to identify potential differences in the disposition of sEVs from three different cell types.

Methods
Crude sEVs were labeled with a non-homologous oligonucleotide and isolated from cell culture media using a commercial reagent. Jugular vein catheters were used to introduce EVs to conscious rats (n = 30) and to collect blood samples. Digital PCR was leveraged to allow for quantification over a wide dynamic range. Non-linear mixed effects analysis with first order conditional estimation – extended least squares (FOCE ELS) was used to estimate population-level parameters with associated intra-animal variability.

Results
86.5% ± 1.5% (mean ± S.E.) of EV particles were in the 45–195 nm size range and demonstrated protein and lipid markers of endosomal origin. Incorporated oligonucleotide was stable in blood and detectable over five half-lives. Data were best described by a three-compartment model with one elimination from the central compartment. We performed an observation-based simulated posterior predictive evaluation with prediction-corrected visual predictive check. Covariate and bootstrap analyses identified cell type having an influence on peripheral volumes (V2 and V3) and clearance (Cl3).

Conclusions
Our method relies upon established laboratory techniques, can be tailored to a variety of biological questions regarding the pharmacokinetic disposition of extracellular vesicles, and will provide a complementary approach for the of study EV ligand-receptor interactions in the context of EV uptake and targeted therapeutics.
Rescaling Egocentric Vision: Collection, Pipeline and Challenges for EPIC-KITCHENS-100
Authors: Damen Dima , Doughty Hazel , Farinella Giovanni Maria , Furnari Antonino , Kazakos Evangelos , Ma Jian , Moltisanti Davide , Munro Jonathan , Perrett Toby , Price Will , Wray Michael 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper introduces the pipeline to extend the largest dataset in egocentric vision, EPIC-KITCHENS. The effort culminates in EPIC-KITCHENS-100, a collection of 100 hours, 20M frames, 90K actions in 700 variable-length videos, capturing long-term unscripted activities in 45 environments, using head-mounted cameras. Compared to its previous version (Damen in Scaling egocentric vision: ECCV, 2018), EPIC-KITCHENS-100 has been annotated using a novel pipeline that allows denser (54% more actions per minute) and more complete annotations of fine-grained actions (+128% more action segments). This collection enables new challenges such as action detection and evaluating the “test of time”—i.e. whether models trained on data collected in 2018 can generalise to new footage collected two years later. The dataset is aligned with 6 challenges: action recognition (full and weak supervision), action detection, action anticipation, cross-modal retrieval (from captions), as well as unsupervised domain adaptation for action recognition. For each challenge, we define the task, provide baselines and evaluation metrics.
Empower parameterized generative adversarial networks using a novel particle swarm optimizer: algorithms and applications
Authors: Tian Lulu , Wang Zidong , Liu Weibo , Cheng Yuhua , Alsaadi Fuad E. , Liu Xiaohui 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this paper, a novel parameterized generative adversarial network (GAN) is proposed where the parameters are introduced to enhance the performance of image segmentation. The developed algorithm is applied to the image-based crack detection problem on the thermal data obtained through the non-destructive testing process. A new regularization term, which contains three tunable hyperparameters, embedded into the objective function of the GAN in order to improve the contrast ratio of certain areas of the image so as to benefit the crack detection process. To automate the selection of the optimal hyperparameters of the GAN, a new particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is put forward where a neighborhood-based velocity updating strategy is developed for the purpose of thoroughly exploring the problem space. The proposed PSO-based GAN algorithm is shown to 1) work well in detecting cracks on the thermal data generated by the eddy current pulsed thermography technique; and 2) outperforms other conventional GAN algorithms.
Mobile PCR-based surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 to reduce visiting restrictions in nursing homes during the COVID-19 pandemic: a pilot study
Authors: Stemler Jannik , Kramer Theresa , Dimitriou Vassiliki , Wieland Ulrike , Schumacher Sofie , Sprute Rosanne , Oberste Max , Wiesmüller Gerhard , Rau Harald , Pieper Sally , Bethe Ullrich , Lehmann Clara , Hellmich Martin , Klein Florian , Langebartels Georg , Cornely Oliver A. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Residents in nursing homes for the elderly (NH) are at high risk for death from COVID-19. We investigated whether repeated non-mandatory RT-PCR SARS-CoV-2 surveillance of NH staff and visitors reduces COVID-19 incidence rates in NH residents and allows to reduce visiting restrictions.

Methods
This pilot study at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic compared a surveillance approach of regular, twice-weekly voluntary PCR testing of health-care workers (HCW) and visitors in interventional NH (INH) with a setting without regular testing in control NH (CNH). Residents were not tested routinely within this study. Testing was performed in a mobile testing site with same-day result reporting. SARS-CoV-2 incidence among residents in both INH and CNH was the primary endpoint; secondary endpoints being SARS-CoV-2 infection among visitors and HCW in INH.

Results
Two INH and two CNH participated between October and December, 2020. At INH1, 787 tests of HCW and 350 tests of visitors were performed, accounting for 18.1% (n = 1930) of visits. At INH2, 78 tests of HCW and 372 tests of visitors were done, i.e., 30.5% (n = 1220) of visits. At the two INH 23 HCW and three visitors tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19 outbreaks occurred among residents in INH1 (identified through study testing) and in CNH1. Utilization of voluntary testing was low.

Conclusion
In a real-world setting without available rapid testing, voluntary RT-PCR SARS-CoV-2 testing of HCW and visitors does not prevent COVID-19 outbreaks in NH. Complete, non-selective testing for these groups should be instituted before visiting restrictions can be reduced.

Trial registration
The study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with the identifier: NCT04933981.
Fressen
Authors: Berressem Hanjo 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungIm Zentrum des Beitrags steht das Motiv des Fressens, anhand dessen die Beziehung von Abjektion, Kultur und Kunst ausgemessen wird. Auf einer abstrakten Ebene behandelt der Beitrag zunächst den Aggregatzustand des Abjekten, danach adressiert er auf der konkreten Ebene von Filmbeispielen aus der Zeit von 1968 bis 1980 die Beziehung eines kulturellen Abjekten zur Ethik, insbesondere in Bezug auf den Faschismus und den Kapitalismus.
The Intertwined History of Malingering and Brain Injury: An Argument for Structural Competency in Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Casper Stephen T. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEvery year millions of people suffer minor brain injuries, many of which occur in collision sports. While there has been substantial commentary and debate about the nature of this public health crisis, it is clear that the scientific and clinical arguments reflect values preferences and judgments that are often invisible in documents which combine artful language with undue focus paid to sources of uncertainty at the cost of clarity and transparency. This essay gives a brief history of these patterns and proposes a remedy.
Formation and Structures of Horizontal Submarine Fluid Conduit and Venting Systems Associated With Marine Seeps
Authors: Rocha Luis A. M. , Gutiérrez‐Ariza Carlos , Pimentel Carlos , Sánchez‐Almazo Isabel , Sainz‐Díaz C. Ignacio , Cardoso Silvana S. S. , Cartwright Julyan H. E. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMethane‐rich water moves through conduits beneath the seafloor whose surfaces are formed through precipitation reactions. To understand how such submarine fluid conduit and venting systems form and grow, we develop a detailed mathematical model for this reaction‐advection system and we quantify the evolution of an ensemble of similar filaments. We show that this growth can be described by a superposition of advection and dispersion. We analyze analog laboratory experiments of chemical‐garden type to study the growth of a single filament undergoing a precipitation reaction with the surrounding environment. We apply these findings to geological fluid conduit and venting systems, showing that their irregular trajectories can lead to very effective spreading within the surrounding seabed, thus enhancing contact and exchanges of chemicals between the conduit and external fluids. We discuss how this methane venting leads to the formation of marine authigenic carbonate rocks, and for confirmation, we analyze two field samples from the Gulf of Cadiz for composition and mineralogy of the precipitates. We note the implications of this work for hydrate melting and methane escape from the seabed.
Good Things Need Time: Progress With the First Hyperspectral Sounder in Geostationary Orbit
Authors: Schmetz Johannes 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMy comments address the Geostationary Interferometric Infrared Sounder (GIIRS) on the Chinese FY‐4A satellite. It is the first hyperspectral sounder in geostationary orbit. An impact study by Yin et al. (2021, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL093672) of GIIRS data on forecasting of typhoon (Maria in 2018) shows beneficial results. GIIRS provides temperature and humidity observations in cloud‐free areas with high vertical and, as a novelty, with high temporal resolution (as short as 15 min) over a limited area. The development of GIIRS was long preceded by international plans and it will be followed by other hyperspectral sounders covering the geostationary ring. GIIRS is a major step toward an improved global space‐based observing system enabling better forecasts of the temporal evolution of severe convective weather.
Beaching and Natural Removal Dynamics of Pelagic Sargassum in a Fringing‐Reef Lagoon
Authors: Rutten Jantien , Arriaga Jaime , Montoya Leonardo D. , Mariño‐Tapia Ismael J. , Escalante‐Mancera Edgar , Mendoza E. Tonatiuh , van Tussenbroek Brigitta I. , Appendini Christian M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMassive quantities of the pelagic brown macroalgae Sargassum spp. (sargassum) have been invading the Caribbean and West African shores since 2011, causing devastating effects on the coastal ecosystem and local economy. Little is known about sargassum beaching dynamics and the capacity of the coastal system to naturally remove beached sargassum. Here, we characterize the temporal variation in arriving and beached sargassum in a reef lagoon using a 5.2‐year data set of hourly optical imagery, and identify the governing hydrometeorological conditions. Image classification reveals interannual variability in the start, duration, and intensity of the sargassum arrival season. Arrivals are associated with relatively low energy onshore directed winds and waves, and offshore abundance of sargassum. Furthermore, nearshore sargassum mat size is found to decrease with decreasing wave/wind energy. Once sargassum beaches, a berm of wrack is formed. Natural wrack removal was observed under elevated water levels and increased wave action. Three types of wrack removal were distinguished, depending on the water level with respect to the berm crest height and berm crest toe : gradual berm destruction with gaps developing in the seaward berm edge that grow larger with time (Type I; ) and abrupt berm destruction with part of the wrack depositing on the upper beach (Type II; ) or in the dunes (Type III; ). Higher energy waves activate the reef circulation, which is suspected to flush part of the wrack out of the reef lagoon. We propose a conceptual model of nearshore sargassum dynamics in a reef lagoon system.
Signaling pathways in the regulation of cytokine release syndrome in human diseases and intervention therapy
Authors: Li Xia , Shao Mi , Zeng Xiangjun , Qian Pengxu , Huang He 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCytokine release syndrome (CRS) embodies a mixture of clinical manifestations, including elevated circulating cytokine levels, acute systemic inflammatory symptoms and secondary organ dysfunction, which was first described in the context of acute graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation and was later observed in pandemics of influenza, SARS-CoV and COVID-19, immunotherapy of tumor, after chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) therapy, and in monogenic disorders and autoimmune diseases. Particularly, severe CRS is a very significant and life-threatening complication, which is clinically characterized by persistent high fever, hyperinflammation, and severe organ dysfunction. However, CRS is a double-edged sword, which may be both helpful in controlling tumors/viruses/infections and harmful to the host. Although a high incidence and high levels of cytokines are features of CRS, the detailed kinetics and specific mechanisms of CRS in human diseases and intervention therapy remain unclear. In the present review, we have summarized the most recent advances related to the clinical features and management of CRS as well as cutting-edge technologies to elucidate the mechanisms of CRS. Considering that CRS is the major adverse event in human diseases and intervention therapy, our review delineates the characteristics, kinetics, signaling pathways, and potential mechanisms of CRS, which shows its clinical relevance for achieving both favorable efficacy and low toxicity.
Bilobalide inhibits inflammation and promotes the expression of Aβ degrading enzymes in astrocytes to rescue neuronal deficiency in AD models
Authors: Xiang Jun , Yang Feng , Zhu Wen , Cai Min , Li Xiang-Ting , Zhang Jing-Si , Yu Zhong-Hai , Zhang Wen , Cai Ding-Fang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) involves multiple cell types including endothelial cells, glia, and neurons. It suggests that therapy against single target in single cell type may not be sufficient to treat AD and therapies with protective effects in multiple cell types may be more effective. Here, we comprehensively investigated the effects of bilobalide on neuroinflammation and Aβ degrading enzymes in AD cell model and mouse model. We find that bilobalide inhibits Aβ-induced and STAT3-dependent expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in primary astrocyte culture. Bilobalide also induces robust expression of Aβ degrading enzymes like NEP, IDE, and MMP2 to facilitate astrocyte-mediated Aβ clearance. Moreover, bilobalide treatment of astrocyte rescues neuronal deficiency in co-cultured APP/PS1 neurons. Most importantly, bilobalide reduces amyloid and inflammation in AD mouse brain. Taken together, the protective effects of bilobalide in in vitro cultures were fully recapitulated in in vivo AD mouse model. Our study supports that bilobalide has therapeutic potential for AD treatment.
Tumor-suppressive function of EZH2 is through inhibiting glutaminase
Authors: Liu Yongfeng , Tu Cheng-e , Guo Xuxue , Wu Changjie , Gu Chuncai , Lai Qiuhua , Fang Yuxin , Huang Junqi , Wang Zhizhang , Li Aimin , Liu Side 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTumors can use metabolic reprogramming to survive nutrient stress. Epigenetic regulators play a critical role in metabolic adaptation. Here we screened a sgRNA library to identify epigenetic regulators responsible for the vulnerability of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells to glucose deprivation and found that more EZH2-knockout cells survived glucose deprivation. Then, we showed that EZH2 expression was significantly downregulated in response to glucose deprivation in a glucose-sensitive CRC cell line, and EZH2-knockdown cells were more resistant to glucose deprivation. Mechanistically, EZH2 deficiency upregulated the expression of glutaminase (GLS) and promoted the production of glutamate, which in turn led to increased synthesis of intracellular glutathione (GSH) and eventually attenuated the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated cell death induced by glucose deprivation. Although EZH2 functioned as an oncogene in cancer progression and EZH2 knockout abolished colorectal cancer development in a mouse model, here we revealed a mechanistic link between EZH2 and metabolic reprogramming via the direct regulation of GLS expression and observed a negative correlation between EZH2 and GLS expression in colorectal cancer tissues. These findings further confirmed the importance of heterogeneity, provided an explanation for the clinical tolerance of cancer cells to EZH2 inhibitors from the perspective of metabolism, and proposed the possibility of combining EZH2 inhibitors and glutamine metabolism inhibitors for the treatment of cancer.
B7–H3 regulates osteoclast differentiation via type I interferon-dependent IDO induction
Authors: Oh Younseo , Park Robin , Kim So Yeon , Park Sung-ho , Jo Sungsin , Kim Tae-Hwan , Ji Jong Dae 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWhile their function, as immune checkpoint molecules, is well known, B7-family proteins also function as regulatory molecules in bone remodeling. B7–H3 is a receptor ligand of the B7 family that functions primarily as a negative immune checkpoint. While the regulatory function of B7–H3 in osteoblast differentiation has been established, its role in osteoclast differentiation remains unclear. Here we show that B7–H3 is highly expressed in mature osteoclasts and that B7–H3 deficiency leads to the inhibition of osteoclastogenesis in human osteoclast precursors (OCPs). High-throughput transcriptomic analyses reveal that B7–H3 inhibition upregulates IFN signaling as well as IFN-inducible genes, including IDO. Pharmacological inhibition of type-I IFN and IDO knockdown leads to reversal of B7–H3-deficiency-mediated osteoclastogenesis suppression. Although synovial-fluid macrophages from rheumatoid-arthritis patients express B7–H3, inhibition of B7–H3 does not affect their osteoclastogenesis. Thus, our findings highlight B7–H3 as a physiologic positive regulator of osteoclast differentiation and implicate type-I IFN–IDO signaling as its downstream mechanism.