bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving Manufacturing Precision Using the Karhunen-Loève Transform
Authors: Tumer Irem Y. , Wood Kristin L. , Busch-Vishniac Ilene J. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The status of fault patterns on part surfaces can provide valuable information about the condition of the manufacturing system. In this work, we aim to develop a reliable fault detection and diagnosis tool in order to assure the automated production of high-quality parts. Such a tool provides a means of integrating the manufacturing and design phases. Accurate detection of the part surface condition in manufacturing ensures the fault-free design of the manufacturing parameters and machine components.
This paper introduces a mathematical transform that has the potential to detect faults in manufacturing machines. Specifically, the paper focuses on the decomposition of complex signals to allow the detection of faults. The Karhunen-Loève transform is investigated by means of numerically-generated signals. Numerical signals are studied to decompose a variety of signals, including deterministic, stochastic, stationary, and nonstationary signals. Finally, the potential utility of the proposed technique is discussed in the context of a newly-maturing manufacturing process.
A Two-Level Product Model for Simulation-Based Design of Mechanical Systems
Authors: Chang Kuang-Hua , Choi Kyung K. , Wang Jeff J. Y. , Tsai Chung-Shin , Hardee Edwin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a two-level product modeling method that supports Simulation-Based Design (SBD) of mechanical systems, primarily ground vehicles and heavy equipment, for preliminary and detailed design. A Computer-Aided Design (CAD) model combined with engineering parameters and mathematical equations that describe physical behavior of the mechanical system constitute its product model for SBD. For preliminary design, improvement of system performance, including dynamics and human factors, is the primary focus. A CAD model with reasonably accurate physical parameters, such as mass properties, is defined as the base definition of the product model. A parametric study can be conducted to search for design alternatives using dimension parameters created in the parameterized CAD model. Component designs are the primary focus in the detailed design stage. A detailed product model is evolved from that of the preliminary design, by refining geometric representation of mechanical components in CAD and expanding product assembly into parts and sub-assemblies for further engineering analysis. In the detailed design stage, a systematic design trade-off method is usually needed for design improvement. In both design stages, CAD and Computer-Aided Engineering (CAE) mappings that tie dimension parameters in the CAD model and physical parameters of simulation models facilitate the parametric study and design trade-off by quickly generating simulation models to simulate performance of the modified design. A High Mobility Multi-Purpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV) is employed to illustrate and demonstrate the modeling method.
A Network Computing Language Environment for Design and Manufacturing
Authors: Cheng Harry H. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
With the development of the World Wide Web (WWW), the computing paradigm has been shifted from the central processing in the 1970s, client/server based computing in 1980s, to today’s network computing. In the network computing, it is not computers on the network, but the network itself is the computer. This fundamental change of computing paradigm is opening up a whole new world of opportunities for design and manufacturing that have not existed before. We have developed a network computing language environment for design and manufacturing. The language environment is a superset of ANSI C. It has also been used for Web-based design of mechanisms, geometrical modeling, machine tool database search, CNC code verification, remote performance monitoring, control of real-time mechatronic systems. This language environment will be presented in comparison with ANSI C in this article. Major extensions to C will be highlighted. Of particular interest are the restricted and safe shells for Web-centric network computing. Details about integration of the language environment with Web server and browser will be described. This language environment and its Web-based application programs are available on the WWW at http://iel.ucdavis.edu.
Design and Virtual Prototyping of Rehabilitation Aids
Authors: Krovi Venkat , Kumar Vijay , Ananthasuresh G. K. , Vezien Jean-Marc 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a paradigm for virtual prototyping of a class of one-of-a-kind assistive devices that can be customized to the human user. This class consists of passive, articulated mechanical aids for manipulation that are physically coupled to the user. We address the mechanism synthesis, design and optimization and its evaluation in a virtual prototyping environment that consists of a CAD model of the product and a customized model of the human user. In addition, we develop the theory and methodology for designing planar serial chain mechanisms with revolute joints coupled by cable-pulley transmissions. As an illustrative example, we consider the design and prototyping of a customized feeding aid for quadriplegics.
An Information Modeling Framework to Support Design Databases and Repositories
Authors: Murdock J. W. , Szykman Simon , Sriram Ram D. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper introduces an information modeling framework to support representation of design artifacts for design databases and repositories. While most artifact representations consist primarily of geometric information, the object-oriented design modeling language developed through this work enables representation of not only form, but also function and behavior. This research has resulted in the implementation of a design artifact database as well as an information browser that provides the user interface to information contained therein. The implementation is demonstrated using the representation of a power drill as an example.
Managing Uncertainty in Preliminary Aeroshell Design Analysis
Authors: Scott Michael J. , Kaiser Rolf W. , Dilligan Matthew , Glaser Robert J. , Antonsson Erik K. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
An analysis tool to aid in preliminary design of re-entry aeroshells for interplanetary exploration is presented. The computational tool addresses a common feature of design analysis, the need to make use of results from several analysis regimes and from several sources. This paper formalizes for computation what has historically been a matter of informal engineering judgment. The automation of design analysis allows for more extensive search of the design space, and thus supports a design process that is at once more thorough and more efficient.
The human designer uses experience and intuition to combine results from different analyses. Here, this combination is formalized by recognizing that each analysis tool is valid in particular regimes of the design problem; where regimes overlap, a combination based on participation factors (and utilizing the mathematics of fuzzy sets) is employed. An aggregated level of confidence for each solution point is also calculated.
Production Yield Estimation by the Metamodel Method With a Boundary-Focused Experiment Design
Authors: Tu Chinghsin , Barton Russell R. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The need for yield estimation strategies in the design stage is a priority recognized by industry. Yield estimates can be employed to assess the manufacturability of a design, and allow for modification to produce a robust design. Therefore, low yield of products can be avoided and costs for manufacturing can be reduced. This paper presents an accurate and time-efficient yield estimation approach for use with simulation models. We use a metamodel-based method, which is time-efficient compared to crude Monte Carlo yield estimation using the original simulation code. The approach employs a boundary-focused experiment design, which overcomes the inaccuracy of yield estimates that can occur when using a metamodel method. The results of two examples demonstrate the effectiveness of this new approach.
Integration Model to Support Archival of Design History in Databases
Authors: Qureshi Sohail M. , Shah Jami J. , Urban Susan D. , Harter Ed , Parazzoli Claudio , Bluhm Tom 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A design history system is being developed to record the events and decisions that are involved in the evolution of an artifact. At present, design systems do not provide a formal mechanism of capturing such information as it is generated. This paper presents a framework that can be used for developing a system to archive and query electromechanical (EM) system design history, in a non-intrusive and structured way. A generic process model is presented that can describe and integrate specialized processes without requiring a priori definition of those processes. Finally, as an example, aerodynamic design process at Boeing Defense & Space group is modeled using the generic process model developed in this work. The work presented in this paper combines research from semantic modeling, product data modeling, process modeling, information technology, databases, and design theory to develop a computer based design history system (DHS).
Noun Phrases As Surrogates for Measuring Early Phases of the Mechanical Design Process
Authors: Mabogunje Ade , Leifer Larry J. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper reports on the use of design histories for the purpose of process evaluation. The technique involved exploring different representations of project documentation analogous to “X-ray photographs” of the human body. The study was conducted in the context of a graduate level design class that uses industry sponsored projects. It was found that the project grades in the class were strongly associated (gamma &gt; 0.7) with the number of distinct noun phrases in the project documents while they were weakly associated with other variables like readability and number of words. These initial results show that noun phrases could serve as important surrogates for measuring the mechanical design process.
On the Use of Statistics in Design and the Implications for Deterministic Computer Experiments
Authors: Simpson Timothy W. , Peplinski Jesse , Koch Patrick N. , Allen Janet K. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Perhaps the most prevalent use of statistics in engineering design is through Taguchi’s parameter and robust design — using orthogonal arrays to compute signal-to-noise ratios in a process of design improvement. In our view, however, there is an equally exciting use of statistics in design that could become just as prevalent: it is the concept of metamodeling whereby statistical models are built to approximate detailed computer analysis codes. Although computers continue to get faster, analysis codes always seem to keep pace so that their computational time remains non-trivial. Through metamodeling, approximations of these codes are built that are orders of magnitude cheaper to run. These metamodels can then be linked to optimization routines for fast analysis, or they can serve as a bridge for integrating analysis codes across different domains.
In this paper we first review metamodeling techniques that encompass design of experiments, response surface methodology, Taguchi methods, neural networks, inductive learning, and kriging. We discuss their existing applications in engineering design and then address the dangers of applying traditional statistical techniques to approximate deterministic computer analysis codes. We conclude with recommendations for the appropriate use of metamodeling techniques in given situations and how common pitfalls can be avoided.
An Observational Study of Design Team Process: A Comparison of Student and Professional Engineers
Authors: Leong Alan , Smith Robert P. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Fifteen groups composed of engineering students and professionals were videotaped while performing a simulated design task. Using interaction analysis, it was found that professional teams were more likely to engage in management activities, outline an overall design philosophy, and not overlook detailed specifications. Professional teams also adhered tentatively to the early design artifacts; early design attempts were viewed as experiments for acquiring more information about the design space. Student teams were much more likely to engage in a generate and test pattern throughout their design process, making incremental improvements to their current artifact. Although the number of groups was small, these patterns were strong and the differences were statistically significant. It is suggested that these differences are useful for guiding how engineers are educated and for understanding whether students should be used as experimental subjects in engineering design research.
Experimental Performance of a Magnetorheological Fluid Damper
Authors: Kroushl Dan , Nesbit Amy , Lee Jin Kyoo , Marangoni Roy D. , Clark William W. , Schwartz Darrin , Phulé Pradeep P. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Magnetorheological (MR) and electrorheological (ER) fluids possess rheological or flow properties that can be controllably altered by the application of electric or magnetic fields, respectively. These fluids typically consist of dispersions of micrometer-sized dielectric or soft ferro (ferri) magnetic particles that become aligned in the presence of an external electric or electrical magnetic field, respectively. Such patterns in the material, which disappear when the field is removed, cause the material to resist mechanical deformation. This controllable property of the fluids allows them to be used in adaptive-passive actuators.
This paper presents the results of a preliminary experimental investigation into the performance of the MR fluids in a linear vibration damper. A squeeze-flow MR fluid damper is used to suppress vibrations of a simply supported beam. Four different MR fluids are compared.
Analytical Investigation on Elastodynamic Vibration Suppression of a Flexible Four-Bar Mechanism System Featuring a Smart Coupler Link and Multivariable Optimal Regulator
Authors: Sannah Muhammad , Smaili Ahmad 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper presents an analytical investigation on active control of the elastodynamic response of a four-bar (4R) mechanism system using “smart” materials featuring piezoelectric sensor/actuator (S/A) pairs and multivariable optimal control. The 4R mechanism consists of a flexible coupler link, relatively flexible follower link, and a relatively rigid crank. Two thin plate-type piezoceramic S/A pairs are bonded to the flanks of the coupler link at high strain locations corresponding to the first and second vibration modes. Based on the optimal multivariable control theory, a controller which consists of a linear quadratic regulator (LQR) and a Luenberger observer as a state estimator is designed and implemented. As the mechanism changes configuration, its modal characteristics are recalculated, and the controller is redesigned.
The dynamic model used for the controller design includes the second and fourth vibration modes of the mechanism system. These modes are predominated by the first two bending modes of the mechanism’s coupler link. The results showed that while the proposed active control strategy is successful in reducing the amplitudes of vibrations about the quasistatic response, it has no effect on the quasistatic deflections due to steady state loading.
Optimization of Noise and Vibration of a Cylindrical Cam Mechanism Using Inertial Compensation Techniques
Authors: Ge Song Lin , Nerli Giovanni , Carfagni Monica 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
An innovative concept has been developed in which the dynamic behaviour of a cylindrical cam mechanism is modified using inertial compensation techniques. Elastic and magnetic compensation systems are incorporated in the experimental acoustic and acceleration analysis procedure. Both compensation systems have a remarkable effect on the reduction of the noise and vibration levels produced by the impact between the cam follower and the groove inversions. However, individually they both have different influences on the groove junctions. Generally they both have a considerable effect on the integral cam mechanism in terms of reducing emitted sound levels. The results also show that the difference in emitted sound levels before and after modification is approximately 3 dB. This conclusion means that the difference of the equivalent sound level is roughly equal to a reduction of about thirty percent below the original level with the compensation devices in position.
Actively Silencing a Cavity by Acoustic Impedance Changes
Authors: Lacour O. , Thenail D. , Galland M. A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We attempt here the active control of enclosed sound fields via wall impedance changes. The impedance value which is the most efficient in silencing a cavity is the central point of this paper. Simulations and experiments show that the optimal impedance is not necessarily characterized by an large amount of absorbed power. Its silencing effect depends also on its ability to reduce source radiation. Experiments including fluid-structure interaction are also presented.
Acoustic Double Holography Method and its Application to Engine Noise Research
Authors: Nakano Milsuo , Nagamatsu Masao , Suzuki Kohei , Yoshimura Takuya 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The acoustic holography (AH) method with single measuring plane has been well known as the conventional method and can be implemented by far field measurement with simple instruments. However, the noise source resolution of the AH is not sufficient. In order to improve the resolution in the noise source identification, several kinds of the acoustic holography methods have been so far proposed.
For example, the near field acoustic holography (NAH) can provide high and accurate resolution of the holography by the nearfield measurement. However, the nearfield measurement within one wave length is sometimes impossible in the actual circumstances. The Acoustic Double Holography (A D H) proposed in this paper is a simplified approach with higher resolution of the noise source locations than that of the conventional AH methods. The ADH method basically uses dual measuring planes and does not require nearfield measurement. The sound pressure data detected on the rear plane are transformed into the virtual pressure data on the front plane taking into account of the distance between the plane and the object. Comparing the virtual pressure data with the actual data measured on the front plane, resolution on holography can be improved significantly.
Computer simulation and an experiment with two loud speakers were executed in order to confirm the fundamental feature of the proposed method. Several advantages on the method with respect to resolution over the conventional AH method were discussed. Furthermore, the ADH measurement was carried out on running engine under the full load operation. Through these results, the highly noise radiating areas on the engine surface were detected and reduced with noise shielding material. The overall engine noise level was reduced by 1.5dBA as the first stage in this noise control work.
On an Improvement of Hybrid Vibration Isolation System
Authors: Mizutani Kazuki , Fujita Yoshitaka , Ikeura Ryojun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper proposes a hybrid-type vibration isolation system controlled by a phase compensated LQ control method with a frequency shaped weighting function. The hybrid system is composed of a passive spring-damper system reducing vibrations of high frequency range and an active one reducing those of low frequency range. This system is controlled by the phase compensated digital LQ optimization method with a frequency shaped weighting function. By the proposed method, the phase-lag of the control system is compensated so that the vibration isolation performance is improved. Simulations for the active system are carried out and the effectiveness of the phase compensation is shown. Then, experiments for the hybrid system are carried out for sinusoidal or random excitations. It is confirmed that the purposed hybrid system has the excellent isolation performance for excited vibrations over the wide frequency range.
Vibration Control of a Self-Standing Quadrupedal Robot With YT-Mechanisms for Stable Walking
Authors: Takita Yoshihiro 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We present the vibration control of a self-standing quadrupedal walking robot with one-degree-of-freedom mechanisms, which are called YT-mechanisms. Our developed robot walks with trot gait, in which its weight is supported alternately by each pair of diagonally opposite legs. The experimental results show that the natural frequency of first-mode vibration changes with the rotational angle of the mechanisms. The movement of its feet’s position generates an imbalance force which creates the elastic displacement of legs and the vibration during walking. In order to reduce the vibration, we propose to use a dynamic absorber as a passive vibration control device and investigate the influence of its tuned frequency. Experimental results show the advantages of this method.
Self-Regulating Variable Oil Damper for Structural Response Control
Authors: Kurino Haruhiko , Kobori Takuji 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper proposes a simple semi-active control algorithm adopted for a variable damper whose damping coefficient is non-linearly controllable according to the signal. The physical constraint inherently associated with the variable damper expressed in a Maxwell model is taken into consideration for the study. We study a single-degree-of-freedom system under a harmonic excitation by paying attention to the nonlinear force-displacement relation of the device. It is concluded that the variable damper with the proposed algorithm can achieve twice as much damping augmentation as is expected from an ordinary passive damper under non-stationary random disturbances as well as a harmonic excitation. We also study a multi-degree-of-freedom system with the same algorithm and certify its control performance. The effectiveness of the proposed device is clearly seen from the numerical analyses using a 5-story structure model. Because of the nature of the algorithm, it is possible to replace all the complicated signal processor by an auto regulating valve controller housed on the device.
Solving Vibration Control Problems Using Reduced Order Models for Flexible Structures: A Genetic Algorithm Approach
Authors: Kundu Sourav , Kamagata Kentaro , Sugino Shigeru , Minowa Takeshi , Seto Kazuto 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A Genetic Algorithm (GA) based approach for solution of optimal control design of flexible structures is presented in this paper. The method for modeling flexible structures with distributed parameters as reduced-order models with lumped parameters, which has been developed previously, is employed. Due to some restrictions on controller design it is necessary to make a reduced-order model of the structure. Once the model is established the design of flexible structures is considered as a feedback search procedure where a new solution is assigned some fitness value for the GA and the algorithm iterates till some satisfactory design solution is achieved. We propose a pole assignment method to determine the evaluation (fitness) function to be used by the GA to find optimal damping ratios in passive elements. This paper demonstrates the first results of a genetic algorithm approach to solution of the vibration control problem for practical control applications to flexible tower-like structures.