bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resection of cerebellar tumours causes widespread and functionally relevant white matter impairments
Authors: Gomes Carlos Alexandre , Steiner Katharina M. , Ludolph Nicolas , Spisak Tamas , Ernst Thomas M. , Mueller Oliver , Göricke Sophia L. , Labrenz Franziska , Ilg Winfried , Axmacher Nikolai , Timmann Dagmar 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSeveral diffusion tensor imaging studies reveal that white matter (WM) lesions are common in children suffering from benign cerebellar tumours who are treated with surgery only. The clinical implications of WM alterations that occur as a direct consequence of cerebellar disease have not been thoroughly studied. Here, we analysed structural and diffusion imaging data from cerebellar patients with chronic surgical lesions after resection for benign cerebellar tumours. We aimed to elucidate the impact of focal lesions of the cerebellum on WM integrity across the entire brain, and to investigate whether WM deficits were associated with behavioural impairment in three different motor tasks. Lesion symptom mapping analysis suggested that lesions in critical cerebellar regions were related to deficits in savings during an eyeblink conditioning task, as well as to deficits in motor action timing. Diffusion imaging analysis of cerebellar WM indicated that better behavioural performance was associated with higher fractional anisotropy (FA) in the superior cerebellar peduncle, cerebellum's main outflow path. Moreover, voxel‐wise analysis revealed a global pattern of WM deficits in patients within many cerebral WM tracts critical for motor and non‐motor function. Finally, we observed a positive correlation between FA and savings within cerebello‐thalamo‐cortical pathways in patients but not in controls, showing that saving effects partly depend on extracerebellar areas, and may be recruited for compensation. These results confirm that the cerebellum has extended connections with many cerebral areas involved in motor/cognitive functions, and the observed WM changes likely contribute to long‐term clinical deficits of posterior fossa tumour survivors.
Detection of high‐risk human papillomavirus infection and treatment of high‐grade vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia: A single‐institution study
Authors: Cho Hyun‐Woong , Hong Jin Hwa , Lee Jae Kwan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo identify high‐risk HPV (hrHPV) genotypes associated with high‐grade vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VaIN), and evaluate the efficacy of various treatments for high‐grade VaIN.MethodsA retrospective review of outcomes among women diagnosed with VaIN after vaginal punch biopsy conducted due to an abnormal Papanicolaou smear or positive test for hrHPV at a hospital in Seoul, Korea, from 2013 to 2018. Logistic regression was used to identify variables associated with abnormal pathologic outcomes.ResultsAmong 389 women included in the study, 58 were diagnosed with high‐grade VaIN, including VaIN stage 2 (n = 37), VaIN stage 3 (n = 16), carcinoma in situ of the vagina (n = 3), and squamous carcinoma of the vagina (n = 2). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, risk of high‐grade VaIN and cancer was higher among women with abnormal cytology (odds ratio [OR], 1.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.47–2.47), any hrHPV infection (OR, 8.75; 95% CI, 1.14–67.31), HPV16 infection (OR, 5.71; 95% CI, 2.57–12.68), or HPV31 infection (OR, 4.37; 95% CI, 1.45–13.11).ConclusionThe findings suggest that infection with hrHPV, especially HPV16 and HPV31, is significantly associated with high‐grade VaIN. Regarding treatment modalities, ablative or excisional treatments showed good efficacy against pathologic regression of high‐grade VaIN.
Longitudinal changes in attachment patterns of preterm infants born in a non‐Western country
Authors: Zengin Akkus P , Bahtiyar Saygan B , Ilter Bahadur E , Ozdemir G , Celik H T , Ozmert E N 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTUnexpected early birth of an infant may affect the attachment formation of mother–child dyads. This longitudinal study aimed to explore mother–infant attachment patterns of very preterm (VPT) and preterm (PT) infants compared to their term‐born peers in a non‐Western country. Neurodevelopmental outcomes of infants, maternal anxiety and depressive symptoms, and sociodemographic features were evaluated to explore their effects on attachment. Eighteen VPT, 11 PT, 11 term infants and their mothers participated. Observations of attachment patterns and neurodevelopmental assessments were performed at 18 and 24 months of corrected age. This study identified a change in attachment patterns of VPT infants over time such that VPT infants tended to have less insecure attachment patterns with their mothers at the end of the infancy period. While motor and language development scores were associated with attachment patterns at 18 months, models predicting attachment patterns were no longer significant at 24 months. Therefore, change in VPT infants’ developmental outcomes and attachment patterns over time suggests that preterm birth itself is not necessarily a risk factor for developing insecure attachment patterns; yet, developmental delays may account for insecure attachment patterns. It is suggested that efforts to promote developmental outcomes of preterm infants may improve mother–child attachment.
Toward improved endoscopic surveillance with multidiameter single fiber reflectance spectroscopy in patients with Barrett's esophagus
Authors: Post Anouk L. , de Groof Albert J. , Zhang Xu U. , Swager Anne‐Fré , Fockens Kiki N. , Pouw Roos E. , Weusten Bas L. A. M. , Faber Dirk J. , de Bruin Daniel M. , Bergman Jacques J. G. H. M. , van Leeuwen Ton G. , Sterenborg Henricus J. C. M. , Curvers Wouter L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPatients with Barrett's esophagus are at an increased risk to develop esophageal cancer and, therefore, undergo regular endoscopic surveillance. Early detection of neoplasia enables endoscopic treatment, which improves outcomes. However, early Barrett's neoplasia is easily missed during endoscopic surveillance. This study investigates multidiameter single fiber reflectance spectroscopy (MDSFR) to improve Barrett's surveillance. Based on the concept of field cancerization, it may be possible to identify the presence of a neoplastic lesion from measurements elsewhere in the esophagus or even the oral cavity. In this study, MDSFR measurements are performed on non‐dysplastic Barrett's mucosa, squamous mucosa, oral mucosa, and the neoplastic lesion (if present). Based on logistic regression analysis on the scattering parameters measured by MDSFR, a classifier is developed that can predict the presence of neoplasia elsewhere in the Barrett's segment from measurements on the non‐dysplastic Barrett's mucosa (sensitivity 91%, specificity 71%, AUC = 0.77). Classifiers obtained from logistic regression analysis for the squamous and oral mucosa do not result in an AUC significantly different from 0.5.
The role of surface oxide thickness and structure on the corrosion and nickel elution behavior of nitinol biomedical implants
Authors: Rosenbloom Shari Nathanson , Kumar Parikshith , Lasley Christopher 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBiocompatibility is an important factor for metallic medical device implants, and corrosion resistance of implantable alloys is one aspect of biocompatibility. Corrosion behavior of nitinol is strongly dependent upon the nature of the surface oxide, which forms during processing. The surface oxide is comprised of a mixture of titanium and nickel oxides, and subsequent thermal exposure (e.g., during shape setting) and surface removal (e.g., electropolishing, mechanical polishing, etching, etc.) influence its structure. Corrosion behavior is often assessed through testing methods such as cyclic potentiodynamic polarization (e.g., ASTM F2129) and nickel ion release. Studies have suggested that a correlation exists between oxide thickness and nickel ion release, with thicker oxides eluting more nickel. It is hypothesized that the composition of the surface oxide, and not only its thickness, influences the corrosion performance of nitinol. To investigate this, nitinol wire samples were processed to produce surface oxides with different structures both in terms of thickness and composition. These samples were tested per ASTM F2129 and nickel ion release testing.
Factors associated with successful mentor matching in an intervention study of youth violence
Authors: Lennon Tyler , Cheng Tina , Lindstrom Johnson Sarah , Jones Vanya , Fein Joel , Manning Ryan Leticia 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOne challenge of conducting intervention studies is ensuring that study participants are exposed to the intervention. For example, in our randomized controlled trial of Take Charge!, a mentor‐implemented and research‐informed violence prevention program that partners with one‐on‐one community‐based mentoring agencies, only 50% of intervention youth with fight‐related injuries were successfully matched with a mentor. We examined the differences between matched (n = 49) and unmatched (n = 49) youth with regard to demographics, time from injury to study enrollment, perceived seriousness of injury, belief that future injury can be avoided, and household chaos. Youth who were successfully matched with a mentor were more likely to perceive the injury as very serious or somewhat serious compared with unmatched youth (95.9% vs. 79.6%, p = .028). All other factors were not significantly associated with successful mentor matching. Future violence prevention interventions should consider youth perceptions as a factor that may influence the completion of desired interventions.
Community psychology's origin and destination: Alternative pathways to the discipline's future
Authors: Lorion Raymond P. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA review of the Journal's nearly five decades of publications revealed an early commentary entitled “Common sense Community Psychology” (Thorne, 1974) reflecting on early decisions about the discipline's professional identity and interactions with targeted communities of color and need stimulated this commentary. Considered are ways we distinguished ourselves from our parent, clinical psychology, and its focus on emotional and behavioral disorder treated through psychotherapeutic interventions. Thorne's examination of alternative pathways that the discipline could have followed are considered relative to current challenges confronting communities of color and need.
Impacts of a large invasive mammal on water quality in riparian ecosystems
Authors: Bolds Sara A. , Lockaby B. Graeme , Ditchkoff Stephen S. , Smith Mark D. , VerCauteren Kurt C. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWild pigs (Sus scrofa) are a highly invasive species in many regions of the world and can act as ecosystem engineers in areas where they are established. In riparian ecosystems, wild pigs may affect water quality parameters and introduce fecal bacteria, although previous studies have reported conflicting results. We propose four conditions that we believe are needed for an accurate assessment of wild pig impacts on water quality and address each one in our study. Water samples were collected between May 2018 and June 2019 in riparian watersheds on a privately owned property in Alabama that was densely populated by wild pigs (treatment) and in watersheds at a nearby national forest without an established population. Samples were analyzed for concentrations of water quality parameters, such as anions and cations, dissolved oxygen, total suspended solids, N, dissolved organic C, andEscherichia coliand other fecal coliforms. An additional 38 samples were analyzed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction for swine fecal bacteroidetes. At treatment watersheds, specific conductivity and concentrations of organic N and C, SO42−, and Ca2+were between 2 and 11 times that of reference watersheds.Escherichia colivalues at treatment watersheds were 40 times reference watershed values. DNA from swine fecal bacteroidetes was detected in 70% of treatment samples and 0% of reference samples. Wild pigs are a threat to water quality in riparian areas, and our results indicate that it may be important to control populations upstream of major drinking water sources and recreational areas.
Risk assessment and genetic counseling for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndromes—Practice resource of the National Society of Genetic Counselors
Authors: Berliner Janice L. , Cummings Shelly A. , Boldt Burnett Brittany , Ricker Charité N. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCancer risk assessment and genetic counseling for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) are a communication process to inform and prepare patients for genetic test results and the related medical management. An increasing number of healthcare providers are active in the delivery of cancer risk assessment and testing, which can have enormous benefits for enhanced patient care. However, genetics professionals remain key in the multidisciplinary care of at‐risk patients and their families, given their training in facilitating patients’ understanding of the role of genetics in cancer development, the potential psychological, social, and medical implications associated with cancer risk assessment and genetic testing. A collaborative partnership of non‐genetics and genetics experts is the ideal approach to address the growing number of patients at risk for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer. The goal of this practice resource is to provide allied health professionals an understanding of the key components of risk assessment for HBOC as well as the use of risk models and published guidelines for medical management. We also highlight what patient types are appropriate for genetic testing, what are the most appropriate test(s) to consider, and when to refer individuals to a genetics professional. This practice resource is intended to serve as a resource for allied health professionals in determining their approach to delivering comprehensive care for families and individuals facing HBOC. The cancer risk and prevalence figures in this document are based on cisgender women and men; the risks for transgender or non‐binary individuals have not been studied and therefore remain poorly understood.
Measuring the resilience of exploitation systems from agricultural water based on good governance principles (case study: irrigation networks in Khuzestan Province)
Authors: Dahimavi Adel , Akhoond‐Ali Ali Mohammad , Shirvanian Abdoulrasool , Modhej Dalal 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe sudden changes such as the drought of the 1980s and 1990s as well as the devastating floods of 2018 and 2019 have made water resource management in Khuzestan province a major challenge. Since one of the main ultimate goals of creating an exploitation system and its functions is to increase farmers' resilience to sudden changes, the purpose of this study is to measure the resilience of exploitation systems from agricultural water in irrigation and drainage networks of Khuzestan province. The obtained results are analyzed and compared.
A semi‐automatic solid phase extraction system based on MIL‐101(Cr) foam‐filled syringe for detection of triazines in vegetable oils
Authors: Jiang Yanxiao , Li Xu , Piao Huilan , Qin Zucheng , Li Jingkang , Sun Ying , Wang Xinghua , Ma Pinyi , Song Daqian 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this study, several metal‐organic framework‐melamine foam columns were first developed and used as a laboratory‐made semi‐automatic solid phase extraction packed in syringe adsorber for the extraction of six triazine herbicides from vegetable oil samples coupled to high‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. The metal‐organic framework‐foam columns were prepared using a simple approach by embedding the solid particles in melamine foam using polyvinylidene difluoride physical encapsulation. The method was applicable to a wide variety of metal‐organic framework materials, and the incorporated materials retained their unique properties. Key factors that affect the extraction efficiency, including the MIL‐101(Cr) amount, sample flow rate, type and volume of the eluting solvent, and flow rate of eluting solvent, were investigated. Under optimum conditions, the proposed method exhibited low limits of detection (0.017–0.096 ng/mL, S/N = 3) for six triazines. The relative standard deviations calculated for all herbicides ranged from 0.2 to 14.9%. This study demonstrated that the MIL‐101(Cr)‐foam column can be used as a high‐quality adsorption material for the detection of triazines in vegetable oils.
Tracheotomy Outcomes in 64 Ventilated COVID‐19 Patients at a High‐Volume Center in Bronx, NY
Authors: Ahmed Yasmina , Cao Angela , Thal Arielle , Shah Sharan , Kinkhabwala Corin , Liao David , Li Daniel , Parides Michael , Mehta Vikas , Ow Thomas , Smith Richard , Schiff Bradley A. 
Published: January 2021

Objectives/HypothesisThe COVID‐19 pandemic has resulted in a dramatic increase in the number of patients requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation. Few studies have reported COVID‐19 specific tracheotomy outcomes, and the optimal timing and patient selection criteria for tracheotomy remains undetermined. We delineate our outcomes for tracheotomies performed on COVID‐19 patients during the peak of the pandemic at a major epicenter in the United States.MethodsThis is a retrospective observational cohort study. Mortality, ventilation liberation rate, complication rate, and decannulation rate were analyzed.ResultsSixty‐four patients with COVID‐19 underwent tracheotomy between April 1, 2020 and May 19, 2020 at two tertiary care hospitals in Bronx, New York. The average duration of intubation prior to tracheotomy was 20 days ((interquartile range [IQR] 16.5–26.0). The mortality rate was 33% (n = 21), the ventilation liberation rate was 47% (n = 30), the decannulation rate was 28% (n = 18), and the complication rate was 19% (n = 12). Tracheotomies performed by Otolaryngology were associated with significantly improved survival (P < .05) with 60% of patients alive at the conclusion of the study compared to 9%, 12%, and 19% of patients undergoing tracheotomy performed by Critical Care, General Surgery, and Pulmonology, respectively.ConclusionsSo far, this is the second largest study describing tracheotomy outcomes in COVID‐19 patients in the United States. Our early outcomes demonstrate successful ventilation liberation and decannulation in COVID‐19 patients. Further inquiry is necessary to determine the optimal timing and identification of patient risk factors predictive of improved survival in COVID‐19 patients undergoing tracheotomy.Level of Evidence4—retrospective cohort study Laryngoscope, 131:E1797–E1804, 2021
Phase identification for dynamic CT enhancements with generative adversarial network
Authors: Tang Yucheng , Gao Riqiang , Lee Ho Hin , Chen Yunqiang , Gao Dashan , Bermudez Camilo , Bao Shunxing , Huo Yuankai , Savoie Brent V. , Landman Bennett A. 
Published: January 2021

PurposeDynamic contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (CT) is widely used to provide dynamic tissue contrast for diagnostic investigation and vascular identification. However, the phase information of contrast injection is typically recorded manually by technicians, which introduces missing or mislabeling. Hence, imaging‐based contrast phase identification is appealing, but challenging, due to large variations among different contrast protocols, vascular dynamics, and metabolism, especially for clinically acquired CT scans. The purpose of this study is to perform imaging‐based phase identification for dynamic abdominal CT using a proposed adversarial learning framework across five representative contrast phases.MethodsA generative adversarial network (GAN) is proposed as a disentangled representation learning model. To explicitly model different contrast phases, a low dimensional common representation and a class specific code are fused in the hidden layer. Then, the low dimensional features are reconstructed following a discriminator and classifier. 36 350 slices of CT scans from 400 subjects are used to evaluate the proposed method with fivefold cross‐validation with splits on subjects. Then, 2216 slices images from 20 independent subjects are employed as independent testing data, which are evaluated using multiclass normalized confusion matrix.ResultsThe proposed network significantly improved correspondence (0.93) over VGG, ResNet50, StarGAN, and 3DSE with accuracy scores 0.59, 0.62, 0.72, and 0.90, respectively (P < 0.001 Stuart–Maxwell test for normalized multiclass confusion matrix).ConclusionWe show that adversarial learning for discriminator can be benefit for capturing contrast information among phases. The proposed discriminator from the disentangled network achieves promising results.
On the conditioning of basis materials and its impact on multimaterial decomposition‐based spectral imaging in photon‐counting CT
Authors: Tang Xiangyang , Ren Yan 
Published: January 2021

PurposeMaterial‐specific imaging and virtual monochromatic imaging/analysis are the two forms of spectral imaging in CT implemented via either energy‐integration or photon‐counting data acquisition. Aimed at further understanding the fundamentals and providing guidelines on its design and implementation, we quantitatively investigate the conditioning (sufficiency in dimensionality, well‐posedness in basis functions, and matching of K‐edge materials) of basis materials and its impact on the performance of spectral imaging in photon‐counting CT.Materials and MethodsInitially, singular value decomposition (SVD) is employed to investigate the dimensionality of material space for multimaterial decomposition‐based spectral imaging in photon‐counting CT over the energy range [18 150] keV. Then, the SVD is extended to study the well‐posedness of basis functions, its relationship with the dimensionality of materials to be imaged, and its impact on imaging performance. A number of phantoms are designed to mimic the soft and bony tissues in the head and contrast enhancement materials (iodine and gadolinium). Simulation studies, in which the geometry of photon‐counting CT is similar to a clinical CT, are carried out to evaluate and verify the proposed approach of conditioning analysis and the relationship between the conditioning of basis materials and the performance of spectral imaging in photon‐counting CT.ResultsThe preliminary data show that the dimensionality of biological tissues, including both soft and bony tissues, is effectively equal to two. The dimensionality increments with inclusion of K‐edge materials into the materials to be imaged. The well‐posedness of basis functions depends on the correlation between the functions and impacts the noise in material decomposition substantially, but affects the noise in virtual monochromatic imaging/analysis moderately. If a K‐edge material is in the materials to be imaged, the same K‐edge material has to be one of the basis materials, but its concentration does not affect the accuracy of material decomposition significantly. Moreover, inclusion of K‐edge material into the basis material makes the tuning of correlation among the basis functions feasible and thus improves the performance of spectral imaging in photon‐counting CT.ConclusionThe extension of SVD for systematic analysis of multimaterial decomposition‐based spectral imaging in photon‐counting CT is of innovation and significance. In addition to providing more information on the fundamentals, the approach used in this study and the data obtained so far may provide guidelines on the implementation of spectral imaging in either photon‐counting or energy‐integration CT, as well as other x‐ray‐related imaging modalities such as radiography and tomosynthesis.