bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Palmitoylated small GTPase ARL15 is translocated within Golgi network during adipogenesis
Authors: Wu Yixing , Bai Ying , McEwan David G. , Bentley Liz , Aravani Dimitra , Cox Roger D. 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
The small GTPase ARF family member ARL15 gene locus is associated in population studies with increased risk of type 2 diabetes, lower adiponectin and higher fasting insulin levels. Previously, loss of ARL15 was shown to reduce insulin secretion in a human β-cell line and loss-of-function mutations are found in some lipodystrophy patients. We set out to understand the role of ARL15 in adipogenesis and showed that endogenous ARL15 palmitoylated and localised in the Golgi of mouse liver. Adipocyte overexpression of palmitoylation-deficient ARL15 resulted in redistribution to the cytoplasm and a mild reduction in expression of some adipogenesis-related genes. Further investigation of the localisation of ARL15 during differentiation of a human white adipocyte cell line showed that ARL15 was predominantly co-localised with a marker of the cis face of Golgi at the preadipocyte stage and then translocated to other Golgi compartments after differentiation was induced. Finally, co-immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry identified potential interacting partners of ARL15, including the ER-localised protein ARL6IP5. Together, these results suggest a palmitoylation dependent trafficking-related role of ARL15 as a regulator of adipocyte differentiation via ARL6IP5 interaction.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Promoted by Co/N/C Catalysts with Co–Nx Active Sites Derived from Precursors Forming N-Doped Graphene Nanoribbons
Authors: Matsumoto Koki , Onoda Akira , Campidell Stéphane , Hayashi Takashi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Cobalt and nitrogen co-doped carbon (Co/N/C) catalysts prepared by pyrolysis are promising electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Construction of Co–Nx active sites is an important strategy for improving HER activity. We developed a method for thermally controlled construction of the Co–Nx active sites by applying a bottom-up synthetic methodology using an N-doped graphene nanoribbon (N-GNR). Preorganized aromatic rings in the precursors assist graphitization during generation of N-GNR which has N2 sites that coordinate to a cobalt ion. Atomically dispersed Co–Nx sites in the catalysts are observed by electron microscopy. Moreover, the amount of Co–Nx sites increases up to 0.31 wt% as confirmed by XPS and elemental analysis. The Co/N/C catalyst prepared from the precisely designed precursor forming an N-GNR shows HER activity with a low overpotential of 258 mV (in 1.0 M HClO4aq) and 311 mV (in 0.1 M HClO4aq) at 10 mA·cm−2, and with a long-term stability.
Better survival of patients with oligo- compared with polymetastatic cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 173 studies
Authors: Petrelli Fausto , Ghidini Antonio , Ghidini Michele , Bukovec Roberta , Trevisan Francesca , Turati Luca , Indini Alice , Seghezzi Silvia , Lonati Veronica , Moleri Giovanna , Tomasello Gianluca , Zaniboni Alberto 
Published: November 2021

Background: The modern concept of oligometastatic (OM) state has been initially developed to describe patients with a low burden of disease and with a potential for cure with local ablative treatments. We systematically assessed the risk of death and relapse of oligometastatic (OM) cancers compared to cancers with more diffuse metastatic spread, through a meta-analysis of published data. Methods: PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and EMBASE were searched for studies reporting prognosis of patients with OM solid tumors. Risk of death and relapse were extracted and pooled to provide an adjusted hazard ratio with a 95% confidence interval (HR 95%CI). The primary outcome of the study refers to overall mortality in OM vs. polymetastatic (PM) patients. Results. Mortality and relapse associated with OM state in patients with cancer were evaluated among 104,234 participants (n=173 studies). Progression-free survival was better in patients with OM disease (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.62, 95% CI 0.57–0.68; P <.001; n=69 studies). Also, OM cancers were associated with a better overall survival (OS) (HR = 0.65, 95% CI 0.62-0.68; P<.01; n=161 studies). In colorectal (CRC), breast, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) the reduction in the risk of death for OM patients were 35, 38, 30 and 42%, respectively. Biliary tract and cervical cancer do not significantly better in OM stage likely for paucity of data. Conclusions. Patients with OM cancers have a significantly better prognosis than those with more widespread stage IV tumors. In OM cancer patients a personalized approach should be pursued.
Molecular Epidemiological Surveillance of CTX-M-15-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae from the patients of a teaching hospital in Sindh, Pakistan.
Authors: Muzaheed Muzaheed , Sattar Shaikh Naveed , Sattar Shaikh Saeed , Acharya Sadananda , Sarwar Moosa Shajiya , Habeeb Shaikh Mohammad , M. Alzahrani Faisal , Ibrahim Alomar Amer 
Published: November 2021

Background The presence of Extended-spectrum β-lactamase positive bacteria in hospital setting is an aggravating influential factor for hospitalized patients, and its consequences may be hazardous. Therefore, there is a need for rapid detection methods for newly emerging drug-resistant bacteria. This study was aimed at the molecular characterization of Extended-spectrum β-lactamase -positive Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates recovered from the patients of a teaching hospital in Sindh, Pakistan. Methods A total of 513 K. pneumoniae isolates were obtained from various clinical samples during June 2019 to May 2020. The collected isolates were investigated for antimicrobial susceptibility (antibiogram), and PCR and DNA sequencing were performed to analyse the ESBL genes. Results Among the 513 isolates, as many as 359 (69.9%) were Extended-spectrum β-lactamase producers and 87.5% were multi-drug resistant, while none had resistance to imipenem. PCR scored 3% blaTEM, 3% blaSHV, and 60% blaCTX-M-15 genes for the tested isolates. Conclusion The study showed that CTX-M-15 was the major prevalent Extended-spectrum β-lactamase type among the isolates. Additionally, all the isolates were susceptible to carbapenems. Screening and detection of Extended-spectrum β-lactamase tests are necessary among all isolates from the enterobacteriaceae family in routine microbiology laboratory to prevent associated nosocomial infections. A larger study is essential to understand molecular epidemiology of Extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing organisms to minimize morbidities due to these multidrug resistant organisms.
Oligodendrocytes, BK channels and the preservation of myelin
Authors: Rupnik Maddalena , Baker David , Selwood David L. 
Published: November 2021

Oligodendrocytes wrap multiple lamellae of their membrane, myelin, around axons of the central nervous system (CNS), to improve impulse conduction. Myelin synthesis is specialised and dynamic, responsive to local neuronal excitation. Subtle pathological insults are sufficient to cause significant neuronal metabolic impairment, so myelin preservation is necessary to safeguard neural networks. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most prevalent demyelinating disease of the CNS. In MS, inflammatory attacks against myelin, proposed to be autoimmune, cause myelin decay and oligodendrocyte loss, leaving neurons vulnerable. Current therapies target the prominent neuroinflammation but are mostly ineffective in protecting from neurodegeneration and the progressive neurological disability. People with MS have substantially higher levels of extracellular glutamate, the main excitatory neurotransmitter. This impairs cellular homeostasis to cause excitotoxic stress. Large conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (BK channels) could preserve myelin or allow its recovery by protecting cells from the resulting excessive excitability. This review evaluates the role of excitotoxic stress, myelination and BK channels in MS pathology, and explores the hypothesis that BK channel activation could be a therapeutic strategy to protect oligodendrocytes from excitotoxic stress in MS. This could reduce progression of neurological disability if used in parallel to immunomodulatory therapies.
A Randomized Control Trial to Test Effect of Cash Incentives and Training on Active Casefinding for Tuberculosis among Community Health Workers in Nigeria
Authors: Akwaowo Christie , Umoh Victor , Umoh Idongesit , Usoroh Eno , Motilewa Olugbemi , Ekpin Victory , Adeboye Stella , Antia Etop 
Published: November 2021

Background: Case detection for Tuberculosis remains low in high burden communities. Community Health Workers (CHWs) are the first point of contact for many Nigerians in the rural areas and have been found useful in active case finding. This study assessed the effect of cash incentives and training on tuberculosis case detection by CHWs in six Local Government Areas in Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A randomised control trial was conducted in three PHC clusters. The intervention Arm (A) received cash incentives for every presumptive case referred. The Training Arm(B) had no cash incentives and the control had neither training nor cash incentives. Case notification rates from the TB program were used to assess the effect of cash incentives on TB case finding. Data was analyzed using Graph Pad Prism. Descriptive data was presented in tables and bivariate data was analyzed using chi square. Mean increases in case notification rates was calculated Statistical significance was set as P=0.05. Results: The intervention identified 394 presumptive TB cases, contributing 30.3% of all presumptive cases notified in the LGAs. Findings also showed an increase of 14.4% (ꭓ2=2.976, P value=0.2258) in case notification rates for the Arm A that received cash incentives alongside training, there was also an increase of 7.4% (ꭓ2= 1.999, P value=0.1575) in Arm B that received Training only. Secondary outcomes indicated a 144.8%(ꭓ2= 4.147, P value=0.1258) increase in community outreaches conducted in the Arm that were given cash incentives. Conclusion: The study demonstrated an increase in TB control activities of case notification and outreaches among community health workers that received cash incentives and training. These findings support the use training and cash incentives for CHWs in high burden TB settings to improve TB case detection rates.
An examination of determinants for e-wallet adoption in Malaysia: a combined approach
Authors: Siew Bee Thai , Yan Ying Kuwa 
Published: November 2021

Background: In this era of innovation in information technology, everything is embedded with technology, and the financial sector is no exception. The term “FinTech” (Financial Services Technology Consortium) attracted the attention of regulators, consumers and investors in 2014. It was initially applied to the back-end systems of financial and banking institutions. However, Fintech has now become more consumer-oriented, as the combination of financial services and information technology. Specifically, it refers to financial services for consumers through technology. The e-wallet is one of the examples of FinTech in payments and infrastructure that can be freely adopted by everyone. However, the penetration of e-wallet usage in Malaysia is still in its early stages compared to other countries. Methods: The aim of this research is to examine the factors that affect the adoption of e-wallets in Malaysia based on five aspects: perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, perceived risk, social influence and government support. These variables were adopted from the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA). Questionnaires were given to a targeted group of 100 e-wallet users in Malaysia using the convenient sampling method. The contribution of each factor in explaining the adoption of e-wallets was analyzed using multiple regression. Results: The results show that social influence has a significant relationship with the adoption of e-wallets in Malaysia: the majority of the respondents are at their prime age and their behaviours tend to be influenced by the reference group. The results from this study may encourage more small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Malaysia to provide e-wallet payment options, transforming their conventional business into a digital business and spurring the growth of the digital economy in Malaysia. Conclusions: High levels of adoption of e-wallets moves a country towards a cashless society, resulting in better economic growth and environment.
Ocean Lagrangian Trajectories (OLTraj): Lagrangian analysis for non-expert users
Authors: Dall'Olmo Giorgio , Nencioli Francesco , Jackson Thomas , Brewin Robert J. W. , Gittings John A. , Raitsos Dionysios E. 
Published: November 2021

Lagrangian analysis is becoming increasingly important to better understand the ocean's biological and biogeochemical cycles. Yet, biologists and chemists often lack the technical skills required to set up such analyses. Here, we present a new product of pre-computed ocean Lagrangian trajectories (OLTraj) targeting non-expert users, and demonstrate how to use it by means of worked examples. OLTraj is based on satellite-derived geostrophic currents, which allows one to directly compare it with other in-situ or satellite products. We anticipate that OLTraj will foster a new interest in Lagrangian applications in ocean biology and biogeochemistry.
ТЕНДЕНЦИИ ВОСТРЕБОВАННОСТИ СПЕЦИАЛИСТОВ СФЕРЫ ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ НА РЫНКЕ ТРУДА В РОССИИ
Authors: Volkodaeva Arina V. , Balanovskaya Anna V. , Chulkov Alexander V. 
Published: November 2021

В последние несколько лет существенно изменились тенденции на рынке труда в отношении специалистов, работающих в сфере информационных технологий. С одной стороны это связано с глобальной и интенсивной цифровизацией, с другой стороны – отставанием образовательной системы в подготовки таких специалистов. Наиболее востребованными сегодня являются профессии разработчиков на языках программирования (Java, C#, PHP, Kotlin, Python), специалистов, связанных с аналитикой данных, продуктовых аналитиков, бизнес-аналитиков, аналитиков CRM, специалистов службы поддержки, системных администраторов и др. В России принимаются меры по изменению ситуации на рынке труда на основе разработки и реализации национальных программ (например, национальной программы «Цифровая экономика»). Кроме того, реагирует частный сектор системы образования, предлагающий подготовку востребованных специалистов по ускоренным программам. На уровне государства разработан план подготовки специалистов IT-сферы до 2025 года, основанный на ежегодном увеличении бюджетных мест в образовательных организациях высшего и среднего профессионального образования.
Цель – выявление тенденций востребованности специалистов сферы информационных технологий на рынке труда и определение дефицитных специальностей.
Метод или методология проведения работы: в статье использовались методы анализа и синтеза статистической информации, методы сравнения и обобщения.
Результаты: в ближайшие несколько лет сохранится тенденция роста востребованности IT-специалистов на рынке труда.
Область применения результатов: полученные результаты целесообразно применять социально-экономическими системам, осуществляющим мониторинг на рынке труда и в системе образования.
DIGITALISATION AS A FACTOR TO IMPROVE THE EFFICIENCY OF TRANSPORT AND LOGISTICS SYSTEMS
Authors: Zaripova Rimma S. , Rocheva Olga A. , Khamidullina Fania R. , Arbuzova Maria V. 
Published: November 2021

With the development of a digital economy, logistics is an integral and important part, so innovations in this area will help to increase entrepreneurial income and facilitate the storage and transportation of goods. The issues of implementing and financing logistics innovation are quite relevant and extensive. The development of the digital economy is forcing transport and logistics companies to digitise many of their business processes. All current logistics trends are related to the introduction and intensive development of digital technologies, which contribute to meeting the fast-growing needs of consumers. Today’s digitalisation is transforming the supply chain and companies with traditional logistics management approaches and technologies can no longer remain competitive.
Purpose: examine and analyse the process of introducing innovative technologies in logistics and supply chain management.
Methodology. The paper used economic-mathematical methods, system approach and generalization; analytical and statistical methods of analysis.
Results. The article analyzes the application of innovative technologies in logistics and supply chain management; examines examples of the use of innovation and information and communication technologies by transport and logistics enterprises in their activities; proves that the introduction of innovation and information and communication technologies in logistics and freight transport is beneficial for improving workflow efficiency, data storage, reducing the duration of the logistics cycle, goods delivery management, reducing errors
Practical implications: the obtained results are appropriate to be applied by economic entities involved in logistics and supply chain management activities.
Structured methods of data production and their visualization using GIS: semantic domains in ethnographic research of landscapes
Authors: Fatková Gabriela , Šlehoferová Tereza 
Published: November 2021

In this article, we present how, using the example of research studies connected with the perception of a landscape, some structured methods of data production used primarily in cognitive anthropology can be applied along with the possibilities of data analysis visualization using geographic information systems. We show the process of working with data gained by qualitative techniques and transferred, using semantic domain analysis, to the GIS interface, and outline the room for interpretation opened up by such a multilevel approach using various tools. Although we subjected the described procedures to pilot verification in our own research, the connection of the presented methodological approaches is still open to scientific discussion and, above all, to further experimentation.
Etnograficzne atlasy Polski. Prolegomena
Authors: Kłodnicki Zygmunt 
Published: November 2021

Jednym ze sposobów badania i prezentowania różnych przejawów tradycyjnej kultury większych obszarów jest przedstawianie ich na mapach, a następnie interpretacja przedstawionych zasięgów. Opracowanie mapy etnograficznej wymaga spełnienia pewnych rygorów już na etapie tworzenia kwestionariusza i badań terenowych. Zespół tych ściśle określonych wymogów, zawierających między innymi systematykę mapowanych elementów kultury i ich chronologię, określamy mianem techniki kartograficznej. Znajomość tej techniki umożliwia ocenę przydatności także gotowych już map do dalszych badań oraz przetwarzania ich zawartości. Może też służyć pomocą badaczom podejmującym trud opracowywania nowych map. Metoda etnogeograficzna pozwala na wnioskowanie o genezie cech/elementów kulturowych na podstawie konfiguracji ich zasięgów. Interpretacje map prowadzą etnologów do wyjaśnienia genezy tradycyjnej kultury w Polsce przez ukazanie, przynależności do zachodnioeuropejskiej prowincji kulturowej oraz o pograniczach z prowincjami północno-wschodnią i karpacką na ziemiach polskich. Tradycyjna kultura obszaru Polski znalazła odzwierciedlenie w kilku atlasach polskich i niemieckich.
Die geographische und familiäre Herkunft der Ordensgebietiger Konrad von Kyburg und Rudolf von Kyburg
Authors: Gotowko Piotr 
Published: November 2021

The geographical and familial origins of the Teutonic Order’s officials Konrad von Kyburg and Rudolf von Kyburg

The researchers of the Teutonic Order have placed the brethren Konrad (before 1336 – 12. April 1402) and Rudolf (before 1337–1404) von Kyburg in the north-eastern part of present-day Switzerland – either in the castle of Kyburg near Winterthur in the eastern Canton of Zurich, or in the Canton of Turgovia, lying in the East of Canton Zurich and to the South of Lake Bodensee. Their family lost those areas by 1265, after a sudden death of Hartmann V von Kyburg (1263) and the childless death of his uncle, Hartmann IV (1264). The only successor, the minor daughter of Hartmann V, Anna von Kyburg, was not able to keep her inheritance, which was quickly taken by her nephew Rudolf IV von Habsburg, latter known as German King Rudolf I. He arranged a marriage between Anna and his relative, Eberhard von Habsburg-Laufenburg, leaving them only Burgdorf and Thun in the nowadays Canton Berne. Their son, Hartmann, had taken the name of the maternal dynasty, calling himself since 1297 Hartmann I von Kyburg. His son, Eberhard II von Kyburg, succeeded him. He was the father of eleven children with Konrad von Kyburg and Rudolf von Kyburg among them. Despite their name, they came from Burgdorf and had joined the Teutonic Order because the poor parents could not guarantee them a subsistence. The carreer of Konrad von Kyburg started in the late 1380s. In 1392 he was promoted to the Comtur of Balga and from 1396–1402 had even reached the high rank of the Great Hospitaller. The carrier of his younger brother, Rudolf, was less impressive for he became 1391–1402 the Comtur of Rehden.
The Hospitaller Background of the Teutonic Order
Authors: Luttrell Anthony 
Published: November 2021

This article examines the foundation in 1190/1191 of a German field hospital outside the walls of Acre during its siege by the Christians studied against a background of Hospitaller affairs in Jerusalem before its loss in 1187. The article relies on contemporary texts rather than the myths which rapidly appeared, while documents issued by the papal chancery suggest misunderstandings of the situation in Syria. The field hospital was the creation of Germans arriving at Acre by sea and overland but its later development inside the walls was, at least partly, conditioned by the long-term mistrust and strife between Romance-speaking and Germanic parties in Jerusalem where the Germans established, at some distance from the main Hospitaller compound, a separate church and hospital dedicated to Santa Maria Alamannorum. In 1143 the pope adjudicated that the Germans were to be subject to the Hospital but were to be administered by Germans speaking German to those for whom they cared. By 1187 there were Hospitaller brethren and possessions in German lands but Santa Maria Alamannorum seems not to have had its own members or properties there. Those Germans at Acre in 1190/1191 would have known about their Jerusalem hospital but would not have sought an institutional link with it because that would have recognized Hospitaller claims to control them. In 1187 the Hospitaller Master and many brethren were killed and their Jerusalem headquarters was lost; no new Master was elected for some time and control passed to a succession of evidently disoriented senior officers. A new Master Garnier de Nablus reached Acre in June 1191 but by then the Hospitallers' rift with the Germans had hardened. and the Teutonic foundation in Acre successfully maintained its independence. How far the Hospitallers’ mismanagement of the situation eventually limited or impoverished their own order's future in German lands remains incalculable.