bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mykhailo Hrushevskyi and Halychyna (1885–1894)
Authors: Raikivskyi Ihor 
Published: March 2021

The article discusses М. Hrushevskyi’s interest in Halychyna and his early association with the narodovtsi in 1885–1894 prior to his relocation to Lviv, where, in consequence of the “New Era” policy, he was invited to chair the newly created History of Ukraine Department at Lviv University. The author focuses on the young historian’s connections with the Halychian narodovtsi from the beginning of his association with the region and the publication of his first article in Dilo (The Deed), a Lviv-based newspaper, till his relocation to the capital of Halychyna
Does the connotation of the word KAIMIETIS ‘countryman’ change?
Authors: Kvašytė Regina , Župerka Kazimieras , Maskuliūnienė Džiuljeta 
Published: March 2021

The recording of the derogatory meaning of the kaimietis ‘countryman’ in the Dictionary of the General Lithuanian Language and the recently spread statement among linguists that a new negative connotation (meaning) of the word kaimietis has appeared, led to the analysis of the usage of the word. For the research of sociolinguistic and stylistic interpretation of the word, material was collected from the Fiction and Press sections of the Corpus of the Contemporary Lithuanian Language (CCLL). In addition, examples from dictionaries, media, works of Lithuanian fiction and other contemporary texts were collected.Since many years, in its main meaning, the word kaimietis has remained functionally stylistically and evaluatively neutral word meaning a rural resident (less often a person of rural origin). In almost one-fifth of the examined contexts of the word kaimietis, the word itself has an evaluative tone that is emphasized in one way or another; the number of contexts of positive and negative evaluation differs little. 1375 examples found in CCLL of usage of nouns kaimietis ‘countryman’, kaimietė ‘countrywoman’ in all forms in the contexts were distributed according to the content as follows: neutral (~ 83%), negative (~ 10%) and positive (~ 7%).From the modern language usage data, it is clear that it is purposeful to talk about the systematic connotation of the noun kaimietis when its meaning is not a “rural resident” (“peasant”) or “a person of rural origin”, but a certain stereotype, usually with negative uneducated and similar characteristics. The recording of the derogatory meaning of the kaimietis, kaimietė in the Dictionary of the General Lithuanian Language is a case of legitimation of the penetration of low-style means of expression into neutral-style discourse and such manifestations. The fact that the word countryman, having the derogatory meaning “ignorant, etc.”, does not necessarily apply to the countryman, does not in any way diminish the denigration of the rural man. The one-sided negative attitude towards the countryman arises from a superficial knowledge of the village, certain ideological attitudes, as well as from a person’s spiritual immaturity, urban pride; it spreads and has an effect because of the urban territories.Contexts of unfavorable evaluation are not a new phenomenon: reflections of a negative kaimietis connotation also exist in old phraseology, interwar and later texts in journalism and fiction. Negative evaluation of rurality is especially strong in slang, jargon, and low culture in general. This connotation is reinforced by the denigration of the language of the villagers. On the other hand, the public has always been characterized by solidarity with the rural man, the ability to appreciate what is good and beautiful in the village.
Factors Associated With Age of Presentation to Gender-Affirming Medical Care
Authors: Sorbara Julia C. , Ngo Hazel L. , Palmert Mark R. 
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND:
Gender-incongruent youth may present to gender-affirming medical care (GAMC) later in adolescence and puberty when hormone blockers provide less benefit. Factors influencing age of presentation to GAMC have not been described.

METHODS:
A sequential mixed methods study. Participants were categorized on the basis of age at presentation to GAMC. Youth presenting at ≥15 years comprised the older-presenting youth, whereas those presenting at &lt;15 years comprised the younger-presenting youth. Caregivers were categorized on the basis of the youth’s age of presentation. Twenty-four individuals were interviewed, 6 youth and 6 caregivers from each age category. Thematic analysis identified themes related to timing of presentation to GAMC. Themes differentially endorsed between older and younger youth or between caregivers of older and younger youth were used to design a questionnaire distributed to 193 youths and 187 caregivers. Responses were compared between age groups for youths and caregivers.

RESULTS:
Five themes differed between age groups: validity of gender identity, gender journey barriers, influential networks, perceptions of medical therapy, and health care system interactions. Questionnaires were completed by 121 youths and 121 caregivers. Compared with younger-presenting youth, older-presenting youth recognized gender incongruence at older ages, were less likely to have caregivers who helped them access care or LGBTQ+ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer) family members, more often endorsed familial religious affiliations, and experienced greater youth-caregiver disagreement around importance of GAMC.

CONCLUSIONS:
Family environment appears to be a key determinant of when youth present to GAMC. Whether this association occurs through affecting transgender identity formation and recognition requires further study.
Relationship between seizure type, metabolic profile, and inflammatory markers in blood samples of patients with epilepsy
Authors: Kegler Aline , Pascotini Eduardo T. , Caprara Ana Letícia Fornari , Arend Josi , Gabbi Patricia , Duarte Marta MMF. , Royes Luiz Fernando Freire , Fighera Michele Rechia 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjective: We investigated the metabolic profile, reactive species production, and inflammatory parameters in patients with epilepsy. Furthermore, we investigated whether there is any relationship between these parameters and seizure type.Methods: Patients with epilepsy (n=43) and healthy subjects (control group; n=41) were recruited to participate in the study. Initially, the participants were submitted to a clinical questionnaire and patients with epilepsy were classified according to seizure type. Metabolic markers and inflammatory and oxidative factors were also measured in specific blood samples. We compared these results with data from the control subjects.Results: Statistical analyses showed that patients with epilepsy presented with higher levels of glycolipid, oxidative stress, and inflammatory parameters compared to the control subjects. Interestingly, patients with generalized seizures presented with higher MnSOD activity and metabolic parameters (total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein, glucose and triglyceride levels) compared to the partial seizure and control groups. Furthermore, patients with generalized epilepsy demonstrated a significant correlation between TNF‐α and caspase 8 (p<0.05), caspase 3 (p<0.05), and Picogreen (p<0.001).Significance: This study supports evidence that the levels of inflammatory, glycolipid, and oxidative factors are higher in epilepsy patients, especially those with generalized epilepsy.
Photoparoxysmal response in ADCK3 autosomal recessive ataxia: a case report and literature review
Authors: Uccella Sara , Pisciotta Livia , Severino Mariasavina , Bertini Enrico , Giacomini Thea , Zanni Ginevra , Prato Giulia , De Grandis Elisa , Nobili Lino , Mancardi Maria Margherita 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMutations in AarF domain‐containing kinase 3 (ADCK3) are responsible for the most frequent form of hereditary coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) deficiency (Q10 deficiency‐4), which is mainly associated with autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia type 2 (ARCA2). Clinical presentation is characterized by a variable degree of cerebellar atrophy and a broad spectrum of associated symptoms, including muscular involvement, movement disorders, neurosensory loss, cognitive impairment, psychiatric symptoms and epilepsy. In this report, we describe, for the first time, a case of photoparoxysmal response in a female patient with a mutation in ADCK3. Disease onset occurred in early childhood with gait ataxia, and mild‐to‐moderate degeneration. Seizures appeared at eight years and six months, occurring only during sleep. Photoparoxysmal response was observed at 14 years, almost concomitant with the genetic diagnosis (c.901C>T;c.589‐3C>G) and the start of CoQ10 oral supplementation. A year later, disease progression slowed down, and photosensitivity was attenuated. A review of the literature is provided focusing on epileptic features of ADCK3‐related disease as well as the physiopathology of photoparoxysmal response and supposed cerebellar involvement in photosensitivity. Moreover, the potential role of CoQ10 oral supplementation is discussed. Prospective studies on larger populations are needed to further understand these data.
Indications and yield of ambulatory EEG recordings
Authors: Mikhaeil‐Demo Yara , Gonzalez Otarula Karina A. , Bachman Elizabeth M. , Schuele Stephan U. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjective: To study the yield of prolonged ambulatory electroencephalogram (aEEG).Methods: A retrospective chart review of all patients who underwent aEEG studies between 2013 and 2017 was performed. Reasons for aEEG were classified into five categories: detection of interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs), capturing clinical events, detection of unrecognized seizures, monitoring IEDs during treatment, and unclassifiable. Ambulatory EEG reports were reviewed to evaluate whether the study answered the clinical question.Results: A total of 1,264 patients were included. Forty studies were excluded for incomplete data and 234 for being a repeat study. The average number of recording days was 1.57 ± 0.73. Based on initial clinical evaluation, patients carried the following presumptive diagnosis: 61% epilepsy, 11% single unprovoked or acute symptomatic seizure and 28% non‐epileptic paroxysmal events (PEs). Overall, focal IEDs were seen in 16.1% of studies, generalized IEDs in 10.8%, focal seizures in 4.1%, and generalized seizures in 1.9%. The most frequent reason for ordering aEEG was to detect IEDs for diagnostic purposes (48.1%). For this indication, additional information was provided by the aEEG in 19.1% of cases (58.6% focal IEDs, 33.5% generalized IEDs, 7.9% seizures without IEDs). Ambulatory EEG was ordered with the intent to capture and characterize clinical events in 18.9%, mostly in patients who reported daily or weekly events. In these, aEEG captured either epileptic seizures or PEs in 102 (42.7%) of the studies (83.3% PEs, 16.7% epileptic seizures). Ambulatory EEG was ordered to evaluate unrecognized seizures in 17.8% of patients, and electrographic seizures were identified in 13.3% of these studies.Significance: The yield of aEEG varies based on the indication for the study. Ambulatory EEG can be a useful tool for recording IEDs in the outpatient setting and in a select group of patients to capture clinical events or unrecognized seizures.
“so this is not a game” - Brexit as a ‘situation of uncommon precarity’ for migrants of Roma heritage in the UK
Authors: Martin Philip 
Published: March 2021

The vulnerability of migrants of Roma heritage[1] to insecure, low status, (and sometimes exploitative), employment conditions in the UK has been highlighted by various studies (e.g. Poole & Adamson 2008;, Martin et al 2017, Tileaga et al. 2019). Such patterns of employment have frequently been identified as ‘precarious labour’ across the European Union (e.g. Apostolova et al 2014; Vincze, 2015).Following the 2016 Referendum vote to leave the EU[2], the UK government indicated that providing evidence of consistent, regular working histories would form the basis of applications by EU migrants seeking to remain in the country long-term. (Home Office, 2018, 2020). In doing so, it made evidence of legal, paid employment central to future legitimacy in the country, but those struggling to produce such information face potentially precarious futures (Migration Observatory, 2018). Studies have suggested that, given the specific disadvantages faced by Roma migrants in the UK, the aftermath of ‘Brexit’[3] posed enhanced risks an intensification of the precarity they already experienced.Drawing on interviews conducted in two different locations in 2019, this paper adds experiential detail to their specific experiences of precarious work, located in the ‘no man’s land’ between the 2016 vote and final departure, due at the end of 2020. It assesses the implications for their continued residence, with particular reference to the status of EU migrants post Brexit and the proposed requirements for remaining in the UK. However, it argues that for Roma in the UK, Brexit represents a contemporary, but expanded example of labour precarity, encompassing not only work, but family and future, hopes and aspirations.[1] ‘Migrants of Roma heritage’ is used to recognise the diversity (national, cultural, educational, and linguistic among others) present across the communities who identify as Roma and to avoid the ethnicity based essentialising criticised by many scholars.[2] The 2016 Referendum on EU membership offered UK voters a single question ‘Should the United Kingdom remain a member of the European Union or leave the European Union? The 51.6% majority who chose to leave are colloquially referred to as the ‘Leave Vote’, and the process of leaving as ‘Brexit’ [Britain/British-exit][3] ‘Brexit’ is here used to denote the process from the Referendum campaign, through the negotiations, towards final departure.
Resposta germinativa de Vellozia cinerascens (Velloziaceae) a diferentes regimes de temperatura e luminosidade
Authors: Silva Leovandes Soares da , Costa Thaí­s Ribeiro , De Moura Cristiane Coelho , Santos Luana Martins dos , Machado Evandro Luiz Mendonça 
Published: March 2021

Considerando a constante degradação dos ecossistemas na região semiárida e a distribuição naturalmente restrita de algumas espécies, estudos voltados conservação do banco de germoplasma são essenciais para a manutenção da biodiversidade. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a germinação de sementes de Vellozia cinerascens, em diferentes ní­veis de temperatura, na presença e ausência de luminosidade. Foram elaborados dois experimentos: (1) em diferentes temperaturas (20, 30, 40 e 50í°C); (2) em temperaturas alternadas (30-15 e 40-20í°C), ambos com dois tipos de luminosidade e quatro repetições de 25 sementes por tratamento. Utilizou-se fotoperí­odo de doze horas, de forma a representar o dia e a noite em ambos experimentos. A contagem da germinação foi realizada durante 30 dias. Os parâmetros avaliados foram a porcentagem, o í­ndice de velocidade e o tempo médio de germinação. Nas temperaturas de 20 e 50í°C o percentual de germinação foi menor, tanto para a condição de luz quanto para escuro. As temperaturas 30 e 40í°C na presença de luz e alternada de 30-15í°C foram as que tiveram os maiores porcentuais de germinação, velocidade e menor tempo de germinação.
Avaliação sanitária e fisiológica de sementes de mogno e baru tratadas com captana
Authors: Dionizio Aline Faleiro , Lima Nauara Lamaro , Filho Renato Carrer , Dianese Érico de Campos 
Published: March 2021

Mogno (Swietenia mahagoni, Meliaceae) e baru (Dipteryx alata, Fabaceae) são espécies arbóreas de grande importância econômica para produção de móveis de luxo, decoração, artesanato e alimentação. No entanto, a ação de patógenos associados s sementes pode causar redução em populações dessas espécies. Tratamentos com fungicidas constituem-se em uma medida segura e de baixo custo para o controle de fungos associados s sementes. Dessa forma, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a influência de diferentes doses de fungicidas na qualidade fisiológica e sanitária de sementes de mogno e baru. As sementes foram tratadas com três doses do fungicida Captaní® (0,1; 0,3 e 0,5 g/ 100 g de sementes). As avaliações sanitárias foram realizadas a partir de testes em caixas de poliestireno cristal (gerbox) forrado com papel filtro, mostrando os diferentes efeitos nas sementes das espécies analisadas. O tratamento quí­mico proporcionou uma redução na incidência de fungos associados s sementes de baru, recomendando-se o uso deste princí­pio ativo para o tratamento de sementes dessa espécie. Apesar de ser recomendado para o tratamento de sementes de baru, o tratamento quí­mico influenciou negativamente no desenvolvimento das sementes de mogno, prejudicando a germinação devido provavelmente a penetrância do produto através do tegumento, influenciando negativamente no desenvolvimento do embrião.
Espécies de uso múltiplo utilizadas pela população em uma área do Cerrado mineiro: diversidade e valoração de conhecimento
Authors: Costa Thaí­s Ribeiro , Da Silva Ludmila Aglai , Ferreira Mateus de Souza , Dias Gonzaga Anne Priscila 
Published: March 2021

Os novos sistemas de uso e ocupação do solo nas últimas décadas tem levado perda de riqueza biológica no Cerrado, e modificado a cultura popular das pessoas que vivem nesse bioma. Nesse contexto, sob o enfoque da etnobotânica, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o conhecimento local sobre plantas de uso múltiplo utilizadas pela população de Diamantina, MG. A avaliação foi feita por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, com posterior identificação das plantas indicadas pelos informantes. Foram entrevistadas 415 pessoas, sendo a maioria do sexo feminino e com idade superior a 40 anos. Foram listadas 163 espécies distribuí­das em 56 famí­lias botânicas. Do total de espécies identificadas, 59% são nativas do Cerrado e 41% são consideradas exóticas. As espécies mais citadas foram Hymenaea stygnocarpa, Fridericia platyphylla, Mentha sp., Plectranthus barbatus e Harconia speciosa. A indicação predominante foi para uso medicinal, principalmente para tratamento de afecções do aparelho respiratório. As partes mais utilizadas são as folhas e a forma de preparo mais comum das plantas são os chás. O resgate desse conhecimento popular pode propiciar elementos fundamentais para alternativas de geração de renda e para manutenção da diversidade do Cerrado.
Comparison of ventilation with and without positive end expiratory pressure during anesthesia for laparoscopic surgeries
Authors: Dongare Dhanashree , aundattikar Girish S , Gupta Payal 
Published: March 2021

Respiratory dynamics are significantly altered during laparoscopic surgeries. Anesthesiologists should be well versed with the benefits as well as limitations of positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) during laparoscopy. They can then judiciously use the same in different patient populations. In this study we have compared the effects of ventilation with and without PEEP of 10 cm on blood gases, airway pressures and hemodynamic parameters during laparoscopy. 60 patients, from American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I and II, in the age group of 18 to 60, posted for laparoscopic cholecystectomy were enrolled. They were randomized into two groups of 30 each. Group P received PEEP of 10 cm during laparoscopy and group C did not receive any PEEP. The vital parameters, arterial blood gases, and airway pressures were compared in both groups. The oxygenation, (PaO2/FiO2 ratio) was significantly higher in PEEP group (446. 4 ± 113.32 mm of Hg) as compared to the control group (404 ± 51.4 mm of Hg) after one hour of laparoscopy (P= 0.0037). The control group had higher arterial carbon dioxide tension (42.84 ± 2.38 mm of Hg) as compared to PEEP group (41.86 ± 2.33 mm of Hg), (P &#60; 0.001). Both the findings suggest better ventilation perfusion matching in PEEP group. There was a no significant variation in mean arterial pressure and heart rate due to PEEP in our patient population. However the peak airway pressures were significantly higher in PEEP group. 10 cm of PEEP helped in better oxygenation with no significant hemodynamic alterations, in otherwise healthy patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Outcome assesment of acute ischemic stroke by NIHSS score
Authors: Ambresh Ayyali , Sanjeeth  
Published: March 2021

In view of the long-term disabilities caused by stroke the need for an accurate early prediction of future functional abilities is paramount for setting therapeutic goals, starting early rehabilitation planning, implementing home adjustments and community support tailored to patients needs, and informing patients about their prospects and prognosis.in this study we have assessed significance of the national institute of health stroke scale (NIHSS) score on the day of admission in predicting the severity and outcome on 30 day ,in acute stroke patients. It is a observational prospective study, study conducted on 93 patients of stroke who were admitted in Shri B M Patil Medical College hospital who were diagnosed and admitted with acute stroke on the basis of the History, Clinical examination and proved on CT/MRI scan. Patients were selected on the basis of the inclusion and exclusion criteria. NIHSS score is noted on the day of admission and then after 30days of stroke and the patient is independent at home or requires assistance is also noted and statistically analyzed. This study was conducted between December 2017 to July 2019. In this study, after 1 month of stroke among 3 patients who had baseline NIHSS score 1-4, all 3(100%) are independent at home, among 73 patients who had baseline NIHSS score 5-15, 47(64.4%) are independent and 26(35.6%) required assistance, among 7 patients who had score 16-20, 1(14.3%) patient was independent at home, 6(85.7%) required assistance, and among 10 patients who had score more than 20, 7(70%) died, 3(30%) required assistance and none of them are home independent. With the p value &#60;0.001 which is statistically significant.Baseline NIHSS score helps in predicting the outcome of the patient. Lesser the baseline score better will be the outcome.
When doom is vincible but imperceptible
Authors: Chakraborty Debabrata , Pal Sandip 
Published: March 2021

An eighty-year-old gentleman without any comorbidity or significant medical illness had presented with headache of recent onset. A detail clinical evaluation and imaging (MRI of brain) ruled out secondary cause of headache. A month later, he presented to emergency with altered sensorium and quadriparesis. Repeat brain imaging revealed bilateral subdural hemorrhage requiring emergent surgery. He was back to normalcy within few days postoperatively. A confession was obtained about his daily habit of induced vomiting after drinking large amount of water (kunjala kriya). The repeated habit of induced vomiting might have been responsible for the slowly evolving subdural hemorrhage. Interestingly, though he had significant clinical symptoms at the initial presentation, he had normal initial MRI of brain (the more sensitive imaging modality). Our case highlights the interesting neurophysiology of subdural hemorrhage and the importance of close monitoring of elderly patients of recent onset headache.