bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Centimeter‐Sized Single Crystals of Two‐Dimensional Hybrid Iodide Double Perovskite (4,4‐Difluoropiperidinium)4AgBiI8 for High‐Temperature Ferroelectricity and Efficient X‐Ray Detection
Authors: Wang Chang‐Feng , Li Haojin , Li Mao‐Guang , Cui Yu , Song Xin , Wang Qin‐Wen , Jiang Jia‐Ying , Hua Miao‐Miao , Xu Qi , Zhao Kui , Ye Heng‐Yun , Zhang Yi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFerroelectricity and X‐ray detection property have been recently implemented for the first time in hybrid bromide double perovskites. It sheds a light on achieving photosensitive and ferroelectric multifunctional materials based on 2D lead‐free hybrid halide double perovskites. However, the low Tc, small Ps, and relatively low X‐ray sensitivity in the reported bromide double perovskites hinder practical applications. Herein, the authors demonstrate a novel 2D lead‐free iodide double perovskite (4,4‐difluoropiperidinium)4AgBiI8 (1) for high‐performance X‐ray sensitive ferroelectric devices. Centimeter‐sized single crystal of 1 is obtained and exhibits an excellent ferroelectricity including a high Tc up to 422 K and a large Ps of 10.5 μC cm−2. Moreover, due to a large X‐ray attenuation and efficient charge carrier mobility (μ)–charge carrier lifetime (τ) product, the crystal 1 also exhibits promising X‐ray response with a high sensitivity up to 188 μC·Gyair−1 cm−2 and a detection limit below 3.13 μGyair·s−1. Therefore, this finding is a step further toward practical applications of lead‐free halide perovskite in high‐performance photoelectronic devices. It will afford a promising platform for exploring novel photosensitive ferroelectric multifunctional materials based on lead‐free double perovskites.
An Accelerated Wound‐Healing Surgical Suture Engineered with an Extracellular Matrix
Authors: Setiawati Agustina , Jang Dongyoon , Cho Daeyon , Cho Shingyu , Jeong Hayan , Park Sungmin , Gwak Jungsug , Ryu Soo Ryeon , Jung Won Hee , Ju Bong‐Gun , Jung Kwang‐Hwan , Kwon Oh‐Sun , Shin Kwanwoo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA suture is a ubiquitous medical device to hold wounded tissues together and support the healing process after surgery. Surgical sutures, having incomplete biocompatibility, often cause unwanted infections or serious secondary trauma to soft or fragile tissue. In this research, UV/ozone (UVO) irradiation or polystyrene sulfonate acid (PSS) dip‐coating is used to achieve a fibronectin (FN)‐coated absorbable suture system, in which the negatively charged moieties produced on the suture cause fibronectin to change from a soluble plasma form into a fibrous form, mimicking the actions of cellular fibronectin upon binding. The fibrous fibronectin coated on the suture can be exploited as an engineered interface to improve cellular migration and adhesion in the region around the wounded tissue while preventing the binding of infectious bacteria, thereby facilitating wound healing. Furthermore, the FN‐coated suture is found to be associated with a lower friction between the suture and the wounded tissue, thus minimizing the occurrence of secondary wounds during surgery. It is believed that this surface modification can be universally applied to most kinds of sutures currently in use, implying that it may be a novel way to develop a highly effective and safer suture system for clinical applications.
Manganese Tetraphosphide (MnP4) as a High Capacity Anode for Lithium‐Ion and Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Kim Kyeong‐Ho , Hong Seong‐Hyeon 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPhosphorus‐rich 6‐MnP4 nanoparticles are synthesized via high energy mechanical milling (HEMM) and their electrochemical properties as an anode for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) and sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) are investigated focusing on the electrochemical activity and reaction mechanism. The 6‐MnP4 nanoparticles with a triclinic structure (P‐1) are successfully synthesized by HEMM and they are composed of 5 to 20 nm‐sized crystallites. During the lithiation process, the MnP4 phase undertakes the sequential alloying (MnP4 + 7 Li+ + 7 e− → Li7MnP4) and conversion (Li7MnP4 + 5 Li+ + 5 e− → Mn0 + 4 Li3P) reactions. On the other hand, the MnP4 nanoparticles are directly converted to Mn0 and Na3P without the formation of an intermediate Na–Mn–P alloy phase during sodiation process. The MnP4 electrode shows high initial discharge and charge capacity (1876 and 1615 mAh g−1 for LIBs, and 1234 and 1028 mAh g−1 for SIBs) and high initial Coulombic efficiency (86% for LIBs and 83% for SIBs), indicating a promising candidate for high capacity anodes. In addition, the long‐term cyclability and high rate capability of MnP4 can be further improved through the formation of MnP4/graphene nanocomposites and vanadium substituted Mn0.75V0.25P4 solid solutions.
Flexibility index of black‐box models with parameter uncertainty through derivative‐free optimization
Authors: Zhao Fei , Grossmann Ignacio E. , García‐Muñoz Salvador , Stamatis Stephen D. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe existing methods of flexibility index are mainly based on mixed‐integer linear or nonlinear programming methods, making it difficult to readily deal with complex mathematical models. In this article, a novel solution strategy is proposed for finding a reliable upper bound of the flexibility index where the process model is implemented in a black box that can be directly executed by a commercial simulator, and also avoiding the need for calculating derivatives. Then, the flexibility index problem is formulated as a sequence of univariate derivative‐free optimization (DFO) models. An external DFO solver based on trust‐region methods can be called to solve this model. Finally, after calculating the critical point of the model parameters, the vertex enumeration method and two gradient approximation methods are proposed to evaluate the impact of process parameters and to evaluate the flexibility index. A reaction model is studied to show the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.
Pearl lecture: Biological normalcy: A new framework for biocultural analysis of human population variation
Authors: Wiley Andrea S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBiological normalcy is a new analytical framework for understanding the bi‐directional relationships between the biology of populations and cultural norms. Populations are characterized by statistical distributions—that is, measures of central tendency and variance—for biological traits, and these co‐exist in societies with ideas about what constitutes “normal” human bodies, that is, normative views about what bodies “should” be like. While statistical norms may carry no explicit evaluative weight, the question is how they are related to judgments about what is “normal” or “abnormal.” In a 1947 paper, Margaret Mead recognized their potential relationship: “normal…may refer to the statistically usual in the culture—usually without any recognition that this is culturally relative—so that the statistically usual is identified with the basically human….” Despite her observations over 70 years ago, little has been done on this topic, yet such work promises new insights into the relationship between culture and biology, here described at the population level, rather than as individual genetic characteristics. Using examples of sex/gender, race/ethnicity, age, and my work on human variation in the ability to drink milk, I outline the ways in which statistical norms may: influence individuals' perceptions of what is “normal” (Mead's “basically human”); lead to normative judgments about what human biology “should” be (“ethno‐biocentrism”) that are reinforced by biases in discourse about human variation; and potentially feedback to mold the biological characteristics of a population.
The distribution in native populations from Mexico and Central America of the C677T variant in the MTHFR gene
Authors: Reyes Lucio , Godfrey David , Ming Li‐June , MacLean Caroline , Gonzalez Francisco J. , Madrigal Lorena 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo explore evolutionary hypotheses for the high frequencies of a substitution in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene, in Mexican and Central American Indigenous populations.Materials and methodsWe obtained allele frequencies for the C677T variant in the MTHFR gene and ecological information for 37 indigenous samples from Mexico and Central America. We calculated Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium and computed Fst statistics. We computed correlations between the samples' allele frequencies and ecological and geochemical variables.ResultsMany of the samples have extremely high frequencies of the T allele ( = 0.62, median = 0.66). In this region, the frequency of the T allele decreases from Southeast to Northwest and is significantly correlated with longitude, latitude, altitude, and insolation.ConclusionsThe native people of Central America and Mexico evolved high frequencies of an allele which has been shown to produce deleterious clinical effects including neural tube effects, cardiovascular events, and cancer. This allele has a clinal distribution in the region, perhaps associated with solar irradiation. As (Contreras‐Cubas et al., 2016) noted, the traditional diet of these populations, which is high in folate, has likely mitigated the negative effect of the allele. It is of primary importance that their rights to their homeland and traditional diets be respected. It is a matter of Public Health to investigate whether this allele is a factor in the current wave of cardiovascular diseases affecting the majority population of this region, since it descends from the Native peoples and the Mediterranean population, which also has high frequencies of the allele.
Bilateral asymmetry and developmental plasticity of the humerus in modern humans
Authors: Zelazny Kaya G. , Sylvester Adam D. , Ruff Christopher B. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study investigates bilateral asymmetry in the humerus of modern human populations with differing activity patterns to assess the relative plasticity of different bone regions in response to environmental influences, particularly the biomechanical demands of handedness.MethodsExternal breadths, cross‐sectional properties, and centroid sizes were used to quantify directional and absolute asymmetry of humeral diaphyseal, distal periarticular, and articular regions in six populations with differing subsistence strategies (total n = 244). Geometric section properties were measured using computed tomography at six locations along the distal humerus, while centroid sizes of the distal articular and periarticular regions, as well as eight segments of the diaphysis, were extracted from external landmark data. Bilateral asymmetries were compared between populations and sexes. Each property was also tested for correlation with bilateral asymmetry at 40% of bone length, which has been shown to correlate with handedness.ResultsAsymmetry is highest in the diaphysis, but significant through all distal bone regions. Asymmetry increases in the region of the deltoid tuberosity, and progressively declines distally through the shaft and distal periarticular region. Articular asymmetry is higher than periarticular asymmetry, approaching levels seen just proximal to the olecranon fossa, and is weakly but significantly correlated with diaphyseal asymmetry. Hunter‐gatherers from Indian Knoll have significantly higher levels of asymmetry than other groups and are more sexually dimorphic, particularly in cross‐sectional properties of the diaphysis.ConclusionsHumeral dimensions throughout the diaphysis, including regions currently used in taxonomic assignments of fossil hominins, likely respond to in vivo use, including population and sex‐specific behaviors.
Electron Transfer from Haem to the Di‐Iron Ferroxidase Centre in Bacterioferritin
Authors: Pullin Jacob , Bradley Justin M. , Moore Geoffrey R. , Le Brun Nick E. , Wilson Michael T. , Svistunenko Dimitri A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe iron redox cycle in ferritins is not completely understood. Bacterioferritins are distinct from other ferritins in that they contain haem groups. It is acknowledged that the two iron motifs in bacterioferritins, the di‐nuclear ferroxidase centre and the haem B group, play key roles in two opposing processes, iron sequestration and iron mobilisation, respectively, and the two redox processes are independent. Herein, we show that in Escherichia coli bacterioferritin, there is an electron transfer pathway from the haem to the ferroxidase centre suggesting a new role(s) haem might play in bacterioferritins.
Aramid pulp treated with imidazolium ionic liquids as a filler in rigid polyurethane bio‐foams
Authors: Kerche Eduardo Fischer , da Silva Vinícius Demétrio , da Silveira Jankee Gabriela , Schrekker Henri Stephan , de Avila Delucis Rafael , Irulappasamy Siva , Amico Sandro Campos 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis article reports an aramid pulp (AP) treated with two ionic liquids (IL), namely 1‐n‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride (C4.Cl) and 1‐carboxymethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride (HO2C), and its use as a filler in reinforced rigid polyurethane foams (RPUF). The RPUF were incorporated with the treated AP at three weight fractions (c.a. 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 wt%) and were produced by the free rising method. The results showed that the studied IL promoted a better interaction between the AP and the RPUF system, which increased the overall reactivity, imparting a higher cell anisotropy. This also yielded a positive effect in mechanical properties and thermal stability of the RPUF. Compared to the neat RPUF, outstanding increases of approximately 50 and 20% were achieved in compressive modulus and strength, respectively. In all, the use of IL promoted increased compatibility between matrix and reinforcement, especially that HO2C IL.
Addressing hard‐to‐reach populations for achieving malaria elimination in the Asia Pacific Malaria Elimination Network countries
Authors: Wangdi Kinley , Pasaribu Ayodhia Pitaloka , Clements Archie C.A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMember countries of the Asia Pacific Malaria Elimination Network are pursuing the regional goal of malaria elimination by 2030. The countries are in different phases of malaria elimination, but most have demonstrated success in shrinking the malaria map in the region. However, continued transmission in hard‐to‐reach populations, including border and forest malaria, remains an important challenge. In this article, we review strategies for improving intervention coverage in hard‐to‐reach populations. Currently available preventive measures, including long‐lasting insecticidal nets and long‐lasting insecticidal hammocks, and prompt diagnosis and treatment need to be expanded to hard‐to‐reach populations. This can be done through mobile malaria clinics, village volunteer malaria workers and screening posts. Malaria surveillance in the hard‐to‐reach areas can be enhanced through tools such as spatial decision support systems. Policy changes by the malaria programs will be required for implementing the strategies outlined in this article. However, strategies or tools may be suitable for some population groups but difficult to implement in other groups.
Comprehensive insights into the formation of metabolites of the ghrelin mimetics capromorelin, macimorelin and tabimorelin as potential markers for doping control purposes
Authors: Lange Tobias , Thomas Andreas , Görgens Christian , Bidlingmaier Martin , Schilbach Katharina , Fichant Eric , Delahaut Philippe , Thevis Mario 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAnalytical methods to determine the potential misuse of the ghrelin mimetics capromorelin (CP‐424,391), macimorelin (macrilen, EP‐01572) and tabimorelin (NN703) in sports were developed. Therefore, different extraction strategies, i.e. solid‐phase extraction, protein precipitation, as well as a “dilute‐and‐inject” approach, from urine and EDTA–plasma were assessed and comprehensive in vitro/in vivo experiments were conducted, enabling the identification of reliable target analytes by means of high resolution mass spectrometry. The drugs’ biotransformation led to the preliminary identification of 51 metabolites of capromorelin, 12 metabolites of macimorelin and 13 metabolites of tabimorelin. Seven major metabolites detected in rat urine samples collected post‐administration of 0.5–1.0 mg of a single oral dose underwent in‐depth characterization, facilitating their implementation into future confirmatory test methods. In particular, two macimorelin metabolites exhibiting considerable abundances in post‐administration rat urine samples were detected, which might contribute to an improved sensitivity, specificity, and detection window in case of human sports drug testing programs. Further, the intact drugs were implemented into World Anti‐Doping Agency‐compliant initial testing (limits of detection 0.02–0.60 ng/ml) and confirmation procedures (limits of identification 0.18–0.89 ng/ml) for human urine and blood matrices. The obtained results allow extension of the test spectrum of doping agents in multitarget screening assays for growth hormone‐releasing factors from human urine.
Retropharyngeal edema secondary to superior vena cava syndrome revealing Behcet's disease
Authors: Maalej Firas , Achour Imen , Zaidi Anis , Thabet Wadii , Chaabouni Mohamed Amine , Hammami Bouthaina , Ben Mahfoudh Kheireddine , Mnejja Malek , Charfeddine Ilhem 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRetropharyngeal edema, uncommon in superior vena cava syndrome, can exceptionally represent the first manifestation of Behcet's disease, which should be taken into account in the differential diagnosis of this condition.
Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production by Stable CsPbBr3@PANI Nanoparticles in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Song Wentao , Wang Yiming , Wang Cheng , Wang Bing , Feng Jianyong , Luo Wenjun , Wu Congping , Yao Yingfang , Zou Zhigang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCsPbX3 (X=Cl, Br, I) nanocrystals (NCs) are considered as one of the most promising photocatalytic materials. Unfortunately, their environmental instability, especially the intrinsic water vulnerability, brought their applications major obstacles in the photosynthetic fields. To improve the stability for photocatalytic water splitting, we for the first time chose conductive polymer, polyaniline (PANI), as the encapsulating material to fabricate CsPbBr3@PANI nanoparticles (NPs) by photo‐polymerization method. After optimizing, the photocatalytic hydrogen production efficiency of CsPbBr3@PANI NPs reached 4.81 mmol/(h ⋅ g) and the catalytic lifetime achieved 120 hours. Our work that achieved the stable CsPbBr3@PANI NPs shed light on potential opportunity for catalytic application of CsPbBr3 NCs.
The Indigo Isomer Epindolidione as a Redox‐Active Bridging Ligand for Diruthenium Complexes
Authors: Kumari Maya , Bera Sudip Kumar , Blickle Svenja , Kaim Wolfgang , Lahiri Goutam Kumar 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEpindolidione (H2L), a heteroatom‐modified analogue of tetracene and a structural isomer of indigo, forms dinuclear complexes with [RuX2]2+, X=bpy (2,2′‐bipyridine, [1]2+) or pap (2‐phenylazopyridine, [2]2+), in its doubly deprotonated bridging form μ‐L2−. The dications in compounds meso‐[1](ClO4)2 and meso‐[2](ClO4)2, [X2Ru(μ‐L)RuX2](ClO4)2, contain five‐membered chelate rings N‐C−C‐O‐RuII with π bridged metals at an intramolecular distance of 7.19 Å. Stepwise reversible oxidation and reduction is mainly ligand centered (oxidation: L2−; reduction: X), as deduced from EPR of one‐electron oxidized and reduced intermediates and from UV/Vis/NIR spectroelectrochemistry, supported by TD‐DFT calculation results. The results for [1](ClO4)2 and [2](ClO4)2 are qualitatively similar to the ones observed with the deprotonated indigo‐bridged isomers with their six‐membered chelate ring structures, confirming the suitability of both π systems for molecular electronics applications, low‐energy absorptions, and multiple electron transfers.
Donor–Acceptor Interactions Induced Interfacial Synthesis of an Ultrathin Fluoric 2D Polymer by Photochemical [2+2] Cycloaddition
Authors: Sun Qingzhu , Pan Qingyan , Ban Yanqi , Liu Hui , Fan Chunyan , Sun Lishui , Zhao Yingjie 
Published: January 2021

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Prof. Dr. Yingjie Zhao at Qingdao University of Science and Technology. The image depicts the ultrathin two‐dimensional polymer reported in this work. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202004797.
Self‐Assembling Catalytic Peptide Nanomaterials Capable of Highly Efficient Peroxidase Activity
Authors: Zozulia Oleksii , Marshall Liam R. , Kim Inhye , Kohn Eric M. , Korendovych Ivan V. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe self‐assembly of short peptides gives rise to versatile nanomaterials capable of promoting efficient catalysis. We have shown that short, seven‐residue peptides bind hemin to produce functional catalytic materials which display highly efficient peroxidation activity, reaching a catalytic efficiency of 3×105 m−1 s−1. Self‐assembly is essential for catalysis as non‐assembling controls show no activity. We have also observed peroxidase activity even in the absence of hemin, suggesting the potential to alter redox properties of substrates upon association with the assemblies. These results demonstrate the practical utility of self‐assembled peptides in various catalytic applications and further support the evolutionary link between amyloids and modern‐day enzymes.
Facile Construction of Carbon Dots Layer and Oxygen Vacancies Simultaneously onto TiO2 to Enhance Photoreduction Activity
Authors: Zhao Jingyu , Li Yaru , Na Ping 
Published: January 2021

Main observation and conclusionWe reported a facile and green hydrothermal strategy to tailor the carbon dots layer (CDL) and oxygen vacancies (Vo) modified on TiO2, by using ascorbic acid as CDL precursor and Vo regulator. The amorphous CDL was uniformly coated on the surface of the as prepared CDL@TiO2–x composites by Ti‐O‐C bond. With the increase of carbon content, the amorphous CDL gradually became thicker, while the Vo concentration first increased and then decreased. 1.5 CDL@TiO2–x possessed the highest Vo concentration. With the decoration of CDL and Vo, the photoreduction properties of CDL@TiO2–x composites were significantly improved. Under simulated solar light and visible light, the reaction rates of 1.5 CDL@TiO2–x were 9.6 times and 216 times higher than that of pure TiO2, respectively. Interestingly, the results discovered that CDL and Vo influenced the properties of CDL@TiO2–x composites in different ways. The primary function of CDL was to improve the utilization of solar light, and the enhancement of the charge transfer ability was decided by Vo and CDL together. Our work provides a new strategy for the modification of TiO2 and sheds new light on the respective role of CDL and Vo when they coexist in the catalyst.