bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Process of Lymph Node Metastasis in Invasive Breast Cancer with Squamous Cell Differentiation: A Case Report
Authors: AOKI MAYU , Fujii Takaaki , HONDA CHIKAKO , NAKAZAWA YUKO , OGINO MISATO , OBAYASHI SAYAKA , YAJIMA REINA , SHIRABE KEN 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundBreast cancer with squamous differentiation is a relatively rare condition. Clinically, lymph node metastasis is uncommon in metaplastic carcinoma We treated a patient with lymph node metastasis of the ductal carcinoma component of invasive ductal carcinoma with squamous cell differentiation. Case Report: An 84-year-old postmenopausal Japanese woman had a left-breast mass with an enlarged lymph node in the left axilla. A biopsy revealed an invasive ductal carcinoma with squamous cell differentiation. A left mastectomy with axillary lymph node dissection was performed. The Histological evaluation revealed invasive ductal carcinoma with squamous cell differentiation. One lymph node was positive for metastasis consisting of ductal carcinoma without squamous cell differentiation.Conclusion: This case suggests that lymph node metastasis in ductal carcinoma with squamous differentiation may first involve the ductal carcinoma component and then differentiation may occur in the in volved lymph nodes. This is an interesting case highlighting the process of the progression of lymph node metastasis in cases with breast cancer with squamous cell differentiation.
Does Seasonality of Leaf Terpene Content and Moisture Content Trigger Leaf Flammability Seasonal Variation?
Authors: Ganteaume Anne , Romero Bastien , Ormeño Elena , Lecareux Caroline , Fernandez Catherine 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Given the importance of terpenes and fuel moisture content (FMC) on flammability, this work aims at checking how these parameters affect leaf flammability of different native and Wildland-Urban Interfaces species (Pinus halepensis, Cupressus sempervirens, Cupressocyparis leylandii, and Hesperocyparis arizonica) across seasons in the French Mediterranean region. We found that the highest terpene diversity and content seasonally varied according to the species, with diterpene content being lower in spring for C. leylandii, while monoterpene and diterpene content being higher in summer and winter, respectively, for P. halepensis. Flammability and FMC varied according to the season but the pattern differed among species. A significant correlation between the latters was rarely observed and occurred in only one season, differing among species. The correlations between flammability and terpenes were mostly highlighted using single compounds, compared to subgroups, and they presented seasonal patterns varying among species. Checking the seasonal effect of groups of terpene compounds on flammability, there were seasonal differences in these groups according to the species and the variable tested. Mostly, these significant compounds were not the most concentrated. The best flammability drivers of each model, mostly diterpenes, except for P. halepensis whose flammability was mostly drove by mono- and sesquiterpenes, changed among seasons according to the flammability variable considered. When a best driver remained the same in different seasons, its effect on flammability could be opposite. In contrast, FMC was generally not a significant explanatory parameter of leaf flammability or did not improve the fit of models.
Associated Factors and Utility of Bed-side Assessment Tools to Avoid Antibiotic Overuse in an Urban ICU of a Developing Country
Authors: Afroze Farzana , Faruk Md. Tanveer , Kamal Mehnaz , Kabir Farhad , Sarmin Monira , Sharifuzzaman Sharifuzzaman , Chakraborty Mithun , Hossain Md. Rezaul , Shikha Shamima Sharmin , Chowdhury Visnu Pritom , Islam Md. Zahidul , Ahmed Tahmeed , Chisti Mohammod Jobayer 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Antibiotic exposure in the intensive care unit (ICU) is very high, although 50% of all antibiotics may be unnecessary. We aimed to determine predicting factors, outcomes, and the utility of simple screening tools to avoid antibiotic overuse in the ICU. We analyzed 510 young children who did not receive antibiotics during ICU stay to those treated with antibiotics. The logistic regression analysis revealed that cases were more often older and independently associated with hypernatremia. Cases less often had severe underweight, altered mentation, age-specific fast breathing, lower chest wall in-drawing, adventitious sound on lung auscultation, abdominal distension, developmental delay, hyponatremia, hypocalcemia, and microscopic evidence of invasive diarrhea (for all, p<0.05). The case-fatality rate was significantly higher among the cases than the controls. For predicting 'no antibiotic approach,' the sensitivity of a negative quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) was similar to quick Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction-2 (qPELOD-2) and higher than Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS). In conclusion, 'No antibiotic approach' could be safely adopted in PICU using some simple clinical and laboratory characteristics, particularly in poor resource settings. A negative qSOFA or qPELOD-2 score calculated during PICU admission is superior to SIRS to avoid antibiotic overuse in under-five children.
Detecting halfmetallic electronic structures of spintronic materials in a magnetic field
Authors: Fujiwara Hidenori , Umetsu Rie , Kuroda Fumiaki , Miyawaki Jun , Kashiuchi Toshiyuki , Nishimoto Kohei , Nagai Kodai , Sekiyama Akira , Irizawa Akinori , Takeda Yukiharu , Saitoh Yuji , Oguchi Tamio , Harada Yoshihisa , Suga Shigemasa 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Band-gap engineering is one of the fundamental techniques in semiconductor technology and also applicable in the next generation spintronics using the spin degrees of freedom. To fully utilize the spintronic material, it is essential to optimize the spin-dependent electronic structures in the operando conditions by applying the magnetic and/or electric fields. Here we present a new spectroscopic technique to probe the spin-polarized electronic structures by using magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) in the resonant inelastic soft X-ray scattering (RIXS) under an external magnetic field. Thanks to the spin-selective dipole-allowed transitions in the RIXS-MCD, we have successfully demonstrated the direct evidence of the perfectly spin-polarized electronic structures for the prototypical halfmetallic Heusller alloy, Co2MnSi. The RIXS-MCD is a promising tool to probe the spin-dependent carriers and band-gap with element specific way induced in the buried magnetic layers under the operando conditions.
Paediatric Fungal Keratitis：A Case Series of 45 Children Presenting to a Tertiary Referral Centre
Authors: Zhang Jing , Chen Huabo , Wan Xiaomei , Jiang Mingming , Ding Yichao , Xie Lixin , Dong Yanling 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose：To analyze the etiology, characteristics, and treatment outcomes of paediatric fungal keratitis in northern China.Methods：The medical records of children (< 18 years old) diagnosed with fungal keratitis at the Shandong Eye Institute from 1996 to 2017 were reviewed for demographic features, risk factors, seasonal variation, clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, and treatment strategies.Results：Forty-five children (46 eyes) were included. Fungal keratitis in children accounted for 16.4% of all of the children with infectious keratitis, which was lower than that in adults (59.4%, p < 0.001). Unexplained fungal keratitis accounted for 26.1%. Plant trauma (23.9%) and wind and sand into the eyes (21.7%) ranked second and third, respectively. Fusarium fungi infection was found in 69.9%, and 31.0% were infected by Aspergillus fungi. The corneal ulcer area was positively correlated with a peripheral blood neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) at the first visit (r = 0.310, p = 0.036). Voriconazole had the highest drug sensitivity rate. A total of 67.4% (31 eyes) underwent therapeutic keratoplasty (PKP 21 eyes; LKP 10 eyes). The recurrence rate was 3.2% (due to an Aspergillus infection). The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) after treatment in children ≤ 8 years (median 20/60) was lower than the BCVA in children > 8 years (median 20/50, p = 0.035).Conclusions：Fungal keratitis are less common in children than in adults. The main infection was due to Fusarium fungi. The preferred antifungal drug was voriconazole. LKP treatment is preferred for Fusarium infection keratitis.
Efficacy and Safety of Qinggan Jieyu Herbal Formula Granule on Insomnia: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Han Fang , Feng Luda , Cao Kegang , Li Huanqin , Gao Ying 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background:Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is widely used in China for insomnia treatment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of QingganJieyu (QGJY)Herbal Formula Granule for insomnia patients with liver depression of heat syndrome.Methods: In this randomized controlled clinical trial, 60patients were randomly assigned into the treatment group and the control group in a 1:1 ratio. Participants received QGJYHerbal Formula GranuleandWuling capsulerespectively for 4 weeksand were followed for another 4 weeks. The primary outcomes weresyndrome integral changes according to theliver depression of heat syndrome evaluation scaleand global and subscale score changes according to the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The secondary outcome wasquality of life assessed by the Short-form 36 Questionnaire (SF-36). A correlation analysis was also done between syndrome integral and PSQI global score and subscale score. Results: Compared with pretreatment baseline, patients in both groups showed a decreasedtrend in TCM syndrome integral scores, especially for the main syndrome.There were significant differences in the total score of syndrome integral between the two groups at 2, 3, 4 weeks, and follow-up period (all Ps<0.05)).During the treatment period, patients in both groups experienced a lower trend and the differences in PSQI global score, sleep disturbance, sleep duration, and use of sleep medication between the two groups were statistically significant (all Ps<0.05).Concerning secondary outcome measure, quality of life was improved for patients in both groups and mental health on the SF-36 questionnaire improvement was significantly better for the treatment group (P<0.05). Additionally, a significant, positive correlation was found between sleep disorders and TCM syndrome integral change (Pearson r = 0.340, P < 0.001).Conclusions:Results of our study suggested that QGJY Herbal Formula Granule not only improved the liver depression of heat syndrome(syndrome) but also sleep disturbance, sleep duration, and use of sleep medication(disease). Additionally, QGJY Herbal Formula Granule promotes psychological health better. Considering therelationship between insomnia and adverse mental health, our findings may have important implications for the management of insomnia in the long run.Trial registration:ChiCTR, ChiCTR-TRC-14004469, Registered 24 January 2014- Retrospectively registered, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=5101.
Replicated, Urban-Driven Exposure to Metal Pollutants in Two Passerines
Authors: Chatelain Marion , Silva Arnaud Da , Celej Marta , Kurek Eliza , Bulska Ewa , Corsini Michela , Szulkin Marta 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
While there are increasing examples of phenotypic and genotypic differences between urban and non-urban populations of plants and animals, few studies identified the mechanisms explaining those dissimilarities. The characterization of the urban landscape, which can only be achieved by measuring variability in relevant environmental factors within and between cities, is a keystone prerequisite to understand the effects of urbanization on wildlife. Here, we measured variation in bird exposure to metal pollution within 8 replicated urbanization gradients and within 2 flagship bird species in urban evolutionary ecology: the blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus) and the great tit (Parus major). We report on a highly significant, positive linear relationship between the magnitude of urbanization – inferred as either tree cover, impervious surface cover, or an urbanization score computed from several environmental variables, and copper, zinc and lead concentrations in bird feathers. The reverse relationship was measured in the case of Hg while Cd and As did not vary in response to the urbanization level. This result, replicated across multiple cities and two passerine species, strongly suggests that urban metal pollution is likely to trigger the emergence of parallel responses at the phenotypic and/or genotypic level between urban environments worldwide.
Flavonoids Kaempferol and Quercetin are Nuclear Receptor 4A1 (NR4A1, Nur77) Ligands and inhibit Rhabdomyosarcoma Cell and Tumor Growth
Authors: Shrestha Rupesh , Mohankumar Kumaravel , Martin Greg , Hailemariam Amanuel , Lee Syng-ook , Jin Un-ho , Burghardt Robert , Safe Stephen 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundFlavonoid’s exhibit both chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic activity for multiple tumor types, however, their mechanisms of action are not well defined. Based on some of their functional and gene modifying activities as anticancer agents, we hypothesized that kaempferol and quercetin were nuclear receptor 4A1 (NR4A1, Nur77) ligands and confirmed that both compounds directly bound NR4A1 with KD values of 3.1 and 0.93 µM, respectively. MethodsThe activities of kaempferol and quercetin were determined in direct binding to NR4A1 and in NR4A1-dependent transactivation assays in Rh30 and Rh41 rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) cells, flavonoid-dependent effects as inhibitors of cell growth, survival and invasion were determined in XTT, Annexin V and Boyden chamber assays respectively and changes in protein levels were determined by western blots. Tumor growth inhibition studies were carried out in athymic nude mice bearing Rh30 cells. ResultsKaempferol and quercetin bind NR4A1 protein and inhibit NR4A1-dependent transactivation in RMS cells. NR4A1 also regulates RMS cell growth, survival, and invasion and pro-oncogenic PAX3-FOX01 and G9a gene expression, mTOR signaling and gene products and, these pathways and genes are inhibited by kaempferol and quercetin. Moreover, at a dose of 50 mg/kg/d kaempferol and quercetin inhibited tumor growth in athymic nude mouse xenograft model bearing Rh30 cells. ConclusionThese results demonstrate the clinical potential for repurposing these flavonoids for clinical applications as precision medicine for treating RMS patients that express NR4A1 in order to increase the efficacy and decrease dosages of currently used cytotoxic drugs.
Easy Computation of the Bayes Factor to Fully Quantify Occam’s Razor: Least-squares Fitting and Policy Decisions
Authors: Dunstan D. J. , Crowne J. , Drew A. J. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The Bayes factor is the gold-standard figure of merit for comparing fits of models to data, for hypothesis selection and parameter estimation. However, it is little-used because it has been considered to be subjective, and to be computationally very intensive. A simple computational method has been known for at least 30 years, but has been dismissed as an approximation. We show here that all three criticisms are misplaced. The method should be used with all least-squares fitting, because it can give very different, better outcomes than classical methods. It can discriminate between models with equal numbers of parameters and equally good fits to data. It quantifies the Occam’s Razor injunction against over-fitting, and it demands that physically-meaningful parameters rejected by classical significance testing be included in the fitting, to avoid spurious precision and incorrect values for the other parameters. It strongly discourages the use of physically-meaningless parameters, thereby satisfying the Occam’s Razor injunction to use existing entities for explanation rather than multiplying new ones. More generally, being a relative probability, the Bayes factor combines naturally with other quantitative information to guide action in the absence of certain knowledge.
Highly photodegradation of organic dye pollutant RhB using TiO2-modified reduced graphene oxide
Authors: Hidayat Rahmat , Wahyuningsih Sayekti , Fadillah Ganjar , Ramelan Ari Handono 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
TiO2-modified reduced graphene oxide (TiO2-rGO) has been studied in one-process step synthesis via the hydrothermal method. In this study, the various concentrations of rGO were investigated and characterized by fourier transform infrared (FTIR), x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), surface area analyzer (SAA), thermogravimetric analysis/differential thermal analysis (TGA/DTA), and spectroscopy UV-Vis. In addition, the photodegradation of rhodamine-B was studied by a batch system under visible light irradiation at wavelength 554 nm. The optimum experimental results showed that the presence of rGO in TiO2 nanostructures could improve the specific surface area until 248.58 m2 g− 1 and enhanced the photodegradation efficiency until 70.66% under visible light irradiation. The photocatalyst stability was evaluated for five cycles experiment and the performance have reduced 6.58% efficiency.
Plant lipid metabolism in response to Phytophthora sojae infection in susceptible and tolerant soybean cultivars
Authors: Adigun Oludoyin , Pham Thu , Grapov Dmitry , Nadeem Muhammad , JEWELL LINDA , Cheema Mumtaz , Galagedara Lakshman , Thomas Raymond 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Soybean is one of the most cultivated crops globally and a staple food for much of the world's population. The annual global crop losses due to infection by the Phytophthora sojae are currently estimated at approximately $2B USD, yet we have limited understanding of the role of lipid metabolism in the adaptative strategies used to limit infection and crop loss. We employed a multi-modal lipidomics approach to investigate how soybean cultivars remodel their lipid metabolism to successfully limit infection by Phytophthora sojae. Both the tolerant and susceptible soybean cultivars showed alterations in lipid metabolism in response to Phytophthora sojae infection. Relative to non-inoculated controls, induced accumulation of stigmasterol was observed in the susceptible cultivar whereas, induced accumulation of phospholipids and glycerolipids occurred in tolerant soybean cultivar. We have generated a comprehensive metabolic map of susceptible and tolerant soybean root and stem lipid metabolism to identify lipid modulators of host immune or tolerance response to Phytophthora sojae infection and identified potential pathways and unique lipid biomarkers like TG(15:0/22:0/22:5), TG(10:0/10:0/10:0), TG(10:0/10:0/14:0), DG(18:3/18:3), DG(16:0/18:3) and DG(24:0/18:2) as possible targets for the development of future plant protection solutions.
Impact of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Complicated With Type 2 Diabetes on Long‐term Cardiovascular Risks and All-cause Mortality in Elderly Patients
Authors: Su Xiaofeng , Li JianHua , Gao Yinghui , Chen Kaibing Kaibing , Gao Yan , Guo JingJing , Min Min , Zou Xiao , Xu Weihao , Zhao LiBo , Huanhuan Huanhuan , Wang Yabin , Liu Juan , Xu Hu , Kong Xiaoxuan , Lin Junling , Qian Xiaoshun , Han Jiming , Liu Lin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe prognostic significance of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes is unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality in elderly patients with OSA complicated with type 2 diabetes compared to patients with OSA without type 2 diabetes.MethodsFrom January 2015 to October 2017, 1113 eligible elderly patients with OSA were enrolled in this consecutive multicentre prospective cohort study. An apnoea-hypopnoea index of ≥5 events per hour recorded by polysomnography was defined as the diagnostic criterion for OSA. We collected baseline demographics, clinical characteristics, sleep parameters and follow-up outcomes. The primary aim of this study was to determine the risk of incident major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Secondary outcomes were all-cause mortality, components of MACE and a composite of all events. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate whether type 2 diabetes was associated with incident events.ResultsA total of 266 (23.9%) patients had OSA complicated with type 2 diabetes. MACE occurred in 97 patients during the median 42-month follow-up. Kaplan-Meier survival curves indicated a significant relationship between OSA and MACE (log-rank P=0.003). Multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that type 2 diabetes increased the risk of MACE (HR=1.68, 95% CI:1.10-2.58, P=0.018), hospitalisation for unstable angina (HR=1.87, 95% CI:1.03-3.39, P=0.038) and a composite of all events in elderly patients with OSA (HR=1.72, 95% CI:1.12-2.64, P=0.012). However, there were no significant differences in the incidence of cardiovascular death, all-cause mortality, MI and hospitalisation for heart failure between patients with and without diabetes (P>0.05). The subgroup analysis demonstrated that females (AHR=2.50, 95% CI:1.15-5.43, P=0.021), ≥ 70 years (AHR=1.99, 95% CI:1.08-3.65, P=0.027), overweight and obese (AHR=1.75, 95% CI:1.10-2.80, P=0.019) with mild OSA (AHR=2.30, 95% CI: 1.01-5.26, P=0.49) were at a higher risk for MACE by diabetes.ConclusionOSA and type 2 diabetes are interrelated and synergistic with MACE, hospitalisation for unstable angina and a composite of all events development. Overweight and obese females, ≥ 70 years with mild OSA combined with type 2 diabetes presented a significantly high MACE risk.
Using Machine Learning To Understand Suicide: A New Approach To Classifying Australian Coroner’s Court Decisions
Authors: Iyer Ravi , Seabrook Elizabeth , Sukunesan Suku , Nedeljkovic Maja , Meyer Denny 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We aimed to demonstrate how a large collection of publicly accessible Australian Coroner’s Court case files (n=4459) (2009-2019) can be automatically classified for determination of death by suicide, presence of mental health disorder and sex of deceased via Natural Language Processing (NLP) methods - supervised machine learning and unsupervised dictionary-based and string search based approaches. We achieved superior levels of accuracy in the machine learning classification (Gradient Boosting vs. Random Forest baseline) of deaths by suicide of 83.3% (sensitivity = 85.1%, Specificity = 79.1%) and an accuracy of 98.3% for the dictionary-based classification of mental health disorder, as defined by the OCD-10 (sensitivity = 99.0%, specificity = 97.9%). Our machine learning approach automatically classified 24.2% (1078/4459) of the case files as referring to deaths by suicide while 63.7% (2940/4459) where classified as exhibiting a mental health disorder1. We employed a two-stage machine learning approach involving feature engineering, followed by predictive modelling in the second. Feature engineering involved several steps including removal of low value text, parts of speech analysis, term document weighting and topic clustering. Predictive classification involved extensive hyperparameter tuning to yield the most accurate model. We validated our models against a manually pre-coded subsample of case files, and also via binary logistic regression to test the contribution of each classified mental health disorder against determinations of deaths by suicide according to extant literature. This validation step confirmed elevated odds of suicide attributed to diagnoses of Depression, Schizophrenia and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. Finally, we offer a short case study to demonstrate the efficacy of our approach in investigating a subset of case findings referring to suicides resulting from family violence. We offer a proof of concept model that demonstrates an objective and scalable approach to the analysis of legal texts. The use of NLP methods in analysing Coroner's Court case findings has important implications for the ongoing development of a real-time surveillance of suicide system in Australia.