bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
General information spaces: measuring inconsistency, rationality postulates, and complexity
Authors: Grant John , Parisi Francesco 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAI systems often need to deal with inconsistent information. For this reason, since the early 2000s, some AI researchers have developed ways to measure the amount of inconsistency in a knowledge base. By now there is a substantial amount of research about various aspects of inconsistency measuring. The problem is that most of this work applies only to knowledge bases formulated as sets of formulas in propositional logic. Hence this work is not really applicable to the way that information is actually stored. The purpose of this paper is to extend inconsistency measuring to real world information. We first define the concept of general information space which encompasses various types of databases and scenarios in AI systems. Then, we show how to transform any general information space to an inconsistency equivalent propositional knowledge base, and finally apply propositional inconsistency measures to find the inconsistency of the general information space. Our method allows for the direct comparison of the inconsistency of different information spaces, even though the data is presented in different ways. We demonstrate the transformation on four general information spaces: a relational database, a graph database, a spatio-temporal database, and a Blocks world scenario, where we apply several inconsistency measures after performing the transformation. Then we review so-called rationality postulates that have been developed for propositional knowledge bases as a way to judge the intuitive properties of these measures. We show that although general information spaces may be nonmonotonic, there is a way to transform the postulates so they can be applied to general information spaces and we show which of the measures satisfy which of the postulates. Finally, we discuss the complexity of inconsistency measures for general information spaces.
A Little Bit of Classical Magic to Achieve (Super-)Quantum Speedup
Authors: Kaszlikowski Dagomir , Kurzyński Paweł 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe introducenebit, a classical bit with a signed probability distribution. We study its properties and basic transformations that can be applied to it. Then, we introduce a simple dynamical model – a classical random walk supplemented with nebits. We show that such a model exhibits some counterintuitive non-classical properties and that it can achieve or even exceed the speedup of Grover’s quantum search algorithm. The proposed classical dynamics never reveals negativity of nebits and thus we do not need any operational interpretation of negative probabilities. We argue that nebits can be useful as a measure of non-classicality as well as a tool to find new quantum algorithms.
Stimulating Mechanistic Reasoning in Physics Using Student-Constructed Stop-Motion Animations
Authors: Bachtiar Rayendra Wahyu , Meulenbroeks Ralph F. G. , van Joolingen Wouter R. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article reports on a case study that aims to help students develop mechanistic reasoning through constructing a model based stop-motion animation of a physical phenomenon. Mechanistic reasoning is a valuable thinking strategy for students in trying to make sense of scientific phenomena. Ten ninth-grade students used stop-motion software to create an animation of projectile motion. Retrospective think-aloud interviews were conducted to investigate how the construction of a stop-motion animation induced the students’ mechanistic reasoning. Mechanistic reasoning did occur while the students engaged in creating the animation, in particular chunking and sequencing. Moreover, all students eventually exhibited mechanistic reasoning including abstract concepts, e.g., not directly observable agents. Students who reached the highest level of mechanistic reasoning, i.e., chaining, demonstrated deeper conceptual understanding of content.
Detection of dynamical regime transitions with lacunarity as a multiscale recurrence quantification measure
Authors: Braun Tobias , Unni Vishnu R. , Sujith R. I. , Kurths Juergen , Marwan Norbert 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe propose lacunarity as a novel recurrence quantification measure and illustrate its efficacy to detect dynamical regime transitions which are exhibited by many complex real-world systems. We carry out a recurrence plot-based analysis for different paradigmatic systems and nonlinear empirical data in order to demonstrate the ability of our method to detect dynamical transitions ranging across different temporal scales. It succeeds to distinguish states of varying dynamical complexity in the presence of noise and non-stationarity, even when the time series is of short length. In contrast to traditional recurrence quantifiers, no specification of minimal line lengths is required and geometric features beyond linear structures in the recurrence plot can be accounted for. This makes lacunarity more broadly applicable as a recurrence quantification measure. Lacunarity is usually interpreted as a measure of heterogeneity or translational invariance of an arbitrary spatial pattern. In application to recurrence plots, it quantifies the degree of heterogeneity in the temporal recurrence patterns at all relevant time scales. We demonstrate the potential of the proposed method when applied to empirical data, namely time series of acoustic pressure fluctuations from a turbulent combustor. Recurrence lacunarity captures both the rich variability in dynamical complexity of acoustic pressure fluctuations and shifting time scales encoded in the recurrence plots. Furthermore, it contributes to a better distinction between stable operation and near blowout states of combustors.
Distance and Trust: An Examination of the Two Opposing Factors Impacting Adoption of Postal Voting Among Citizens Living Abroad
Authors: Nemčok Miroslav , Peltoniemi Johanna 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPostal voting intends to provide citizens residing abroad with a convenient voting technique to influence political representation in their country of origin. However, its adoption among individuals is dependent on two opposing factors. On the one hand, voting via post helps to overcome the increasingdistancebetween a voter’s residency abroad and the nearest polling station organized by a diplomatic mission (mostly at an embassy or a consulate). On the other hand, this way of voting also requires enoughtrustthat the postal service and designated state office will successfully deliver one’s vote to the ballot box because the result cannot be effectively verified without violation of the ballot secrecy. We examine the interaction of these two factors in an originally conducted survey among Finnish citizens residing abroad fielded shortly after the 2019 Parliamentary elections—the first occasion after Finland put postal voting into effect. Altogether, 664 respondents responded to all questions required for our specification of binomial logistic regression models controlling for various potential confounders. The results demonstrate that trust in postal voting moderates the impact of distance on one’s probability to adopt postal voting. While low-trusting emigrant voters remain largely indifferent regardless of the distance to the nearest polling station, medium-trusting non-resident citizens increasingly mail their ballots when the nearest polling station is more than 100 km away. High-trusting individuals begin to increasingly do so when they are ten to 30 km away.
The Role of Composition and Phase upon the Lattice Nitrogen Reactivity of Ternary Molybdenum Nitrides
Authors: Daisley Angela , Costley-Wood Lucy , Hargreaves Justin S. J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe reactivity of the lattice nitrogen in the filled β-Mn structured Co2Mo3N and the η-carbide structured Co3Mo3N and Fe3Mo3N has been investigated under 3:1 H2/Ar at temperatures up to 900 °C. The lattice nitrogen in Co3Mo3N was found to be reactive, as reported previously, whereas Co2Mo3N was shown to be stable up to 800 °C. Upon H2/Ar treatment at 900 °C, the Co2Mo3N, Co3Mo3N and Fe3Mo3N phases decomposed. These results suggest that both metal composition and phase have an influence on the bulk lattice nitrogen reactivity of the ternary nitrides.
Invariant Gibbs measures for the three-dimensional wave equation with a Hartree nonlinearity I: measures
Authors: Bringmann Bjoern 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this two-paper series, we prove the invariance of the Gibbs measure for a three-dimensional wave equation with a Hartree nonlinearity. The main novelty is the singularity of the Gibbs measure with respect to the Gaussian free field. The singularity has several consequences in both measure-theoretic and dynamical aspects of our argument. In this paper, we construct and study the Gibbs measure. Our approach is based on earlier work of Barashkov and Gubinelli for the$$\Phi ^4_3$$Φ34-model. Most importantly, our truncated Gibbs measures are tailored towards the dynamical aspects in the second part of the series. In addition, we develop new tools dealing with the non-locality of the Hartree interaction. We also determine the exact threshold between singularity and absolute continuity of the Gibbs measure depending on the regularity of the interaction potential.
Angebot, Nutzung und Ertrag von Konzeptwechseltexten zu Neuromythen bei angehenden Biologielehrkräften
Authors: Grospietsch Finja , Mayer Jürgen 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungLehrkräftebildung hat das Ziel, Studierende zu Fachleuten für das Lehren und Lernen auszubilden. Empirische Studien zeigen jedoch sowohl bei angehenden als auch praktizierenden Lehrkräften eine hohe Zustimmung zu Fehlvorstellungen zum Thema Gehirn und Lernen – sogenannten Neuromythen. In der vorliegenden Studie wird in einem Mixed-Model-Design (N = 40) mit quantitativen und qualitativen Forschungsmethoden und vor dem theoretischen Hintergrund eines Angebots-Nutzungs-Modells untersucht, inwiefern sich durch eine universitäre Lehrveranstaltung mit Konzeptwechseltexten die Zustimmung angehender Biologielehrkräfte zu Neuromythen verändern lässt. Dazu wurde ein Seminar entwickelt und durchgeführt, in dem neun Konzeptwechseltexte eingesetzt wurden. Quantitative Daten wurden zu drei Messzeitpunkten mittels Fragebogen erhoben, qualitative Daten semesterbegleitend mittels offener Aufgaben zu Konzeptwechseltexten. Durch die systematische Verschränkung der Daten wurden Gelingensbedingungen für den Ertrag des Lernangebots geprüft. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass angehende Biologielehrkräfte Neuromythen nicht nur zustimmen, sondern fachlich nicht angemessene und subjektiv-biografische Argumente für Neuromythen nennen. Trotz identifizierter Optimierungsmöglichkeiten bei Angebot und Nutzung der Konzeptwechseltexte für/durch die Studierenden zeigen die quantitativen Ergebnisse, dass sich die Zustimmung zu Neuromythen durch das Seminar mit Konzeptwechseltexten nachhaltig und mit mittleren bis hohen Effektstärken reduzieren lässt. Die qualitativen Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Argumente angehender Lehrkräfte für Neuromythen breit gestreut sind und nur zu 37–76 % mit den Inhalten der konzipierten Konzeptwechseltexte übereinstimmen. Die Nachbereitung der Konzeptwechseltexte durch die Studierenden verblieb in vielen Fällen auf niedrigem Niveau. Passung des Lehr-Lern-Materials sowie Nachbereitungsniveau erwiesen sich jedoch nicht als Gelingensbedingungen für den Ertrag des Lernangebots. Insgesamt stützen die Ergebnisse, dass das Aufgreifen und Reflektieren von Fehlvorstellungen eine gewinnbringende Perspektive für die Lehrkräftebildung darstellt.
Development and evaluation of demonstration information recording approach for wheelchair mounted robotic arm
Authors: Chi Mingshan , Liu Yaxin , Yao Yufeng , Liu Yan , Li Shouqiang , Zeng Chao , Zhong Ming 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTo offer simple and convenient assistance for the elderly and disabled, researchers focus on programming by demonstration approach to improve the intelligence and adaptability of wheelchair mounted robotic arm assistive robot. But how to easily and quickly obtain the demonstration information is still an urgent problem to be solved. Based on the systematic analysis of the daily living tasks in need of robot assistance, this paper proposes the key-point-based programming by demonstration recording approach to quickly obtain the demonstration information and develops a specified demonstration interface to simplify the operation process. A corresponding evaluation approach is also proposed from the demonstration trajectories and demonstration process two aspects. Additionally, tasks of “holding water glass task”, “eating task”, and “opening door task” are carried out and experimental results, as well as comparative evaluations confirm the validity of the proposed approach with high efficiency. This study can not only offer a convenient and feasible way to obtain the demonstration information of daily living tasks, but also lay a good foundation for the assistive robot to learn relative motion skills, especially for the demonstrated dexterous manipulation skills, and semi-autonomously accomplish complex, multi-step tasks following the user’s instructions in the daily home environment.
Fidelity Assessment of Real-Time Hybrid Substructure Testing: a Review and the Application of Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Insam C. , Rixen D. J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractReal-Time Hybrid Substructure (RTHS) testing is a commonly used method to investigate the dynamical influence of a component on a mechanical system. In RTHS, a part of the dynamical system is tested experimentally, while the remaining structure is simulated numerically in a co-simulation. There are several error sources in the RTHS loop that distort the test outcome. To investigate the reliability of the test, the fidelity of the test must be quantified. In many engineering applications, however, there is no reference solution available to which the test outcome can be validated against. This work reviews currently existing accuracy measures used in RTHS. Furthermore, using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) to predict the fidelity of the RTHS test outcome when no reference solution is available is proposed. Appropriate input features for the network, such as dynamic properties of the system and existing error indicators, are discussed. ANN training was performed on a data set from a virtual RTHS (vRTHS) simulation of a dynamical system with contact. The training process was successful, meaning that the correlation between the ANN prediction and the true fidelity value was > 99%. Then, the network was applied to data of experimental RTHS tests of the same dynamical system and achieved a correlation of 98%, which proves that the relation found by the ANN captured the relation between the chosen input features and the error measure. The application of the trained ANN to data from a linear vRTHS test revealed that further improvement of the network and the choice of input features is necessary. This work suggests that ANNs could be a meaningful tool to predict the fidelity of the RTHS test outcome in the absence of a reference solution, especially if more data from different RTHS tests were aggregated to train them.
The homotopy types of $$\mathrm{SO}(4)$$-gauge groups
Authors: Kishimoto Daisuke , Membrillo-Solis Ingrid , Theriault Stephen 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe homotopy types of gauge groups of principal $$\mathrm{SO}(4)$$

SO
(
4
)

-bundles over $$S^{4}$$

S
4

are classified p-locally for every prime p, and partial results are obtained integrally. The method generalizes to deal with any quotient of the form $$(S^{3})^{n}/Z$$

(

S
3

)

n

/
Z

where Z is a subgroup generated by $$(-1,\ldots ,-1)$$

(
-
1
,
…
,
-
1
)

.
Spiking neural P systems: matrix representation and formal verification
Authors: Gheorghe Marian , Lefticaru Raluca , Konur Savas , Niculescu Ionuţ Mihai , Adorna Henry N. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractStructural and behavioural properties of models are very important in development of complex systems and applications. In this paper, we investigate such properties for some classes of SN P systems. First, a class of SN P systems associated to a set of routing problems are investigated through their matrix representation. This allows to make certain connections amongst some of these problems. Secondly, the behavioural properties of these SN P systems are formally verified through a natural and direct mapping of these models into kP systems which are equipped with adequate formal verification methods and tools. Some examples are used to prove the effectiveness of the verification approach.
The Discovery and Interpretation of Evidence Accumulation Stages
Authors: van Maanen Leendert , Portoles Oscar , Borst Jelmer P. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTo improve the understanding of cognitive processing stages, we combined two prominent traditions in cognitive science: evidence accumulation models and stage discovery methods. While evidence accumulation models have been applied to a wide variety of tasks, they are limited to tasks in which decision-making effects can be attributed to a single processing stage. Here, we propose a new method that first uses machine learning to discover processing stages in EEG data and then applies evidence accumulation models to characterize the duration effects in the identified stages. To evaluate this method, we applied it to a previously published associative recognition task (Application 1) and a previously published random dot motion task with a speed-accuracy trade-off manipulation (Application 2). In both applications, the evidence accumulation models accounted better for the data when we first applied the stage-discovery method, and the resulting parameter estimates where generally in line with psychological theories. In addition, in Application 1 the results shed new light on target-foil effects in associative recognition, while in Application 2 the stage discovery method identified an additional stage in the accuracy-focused condition — challenging standard evidence accumulation accounts. We conclude that the new framework provides a powerful new tool to investigate processing stages.
‘Go fish’: Conceptualising the challenges of engaging national web archives for digital research
Authors: Ogden Jessica , Maemura Emily 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOur work considers the sociotechnical and organisational constraints of web archiving in order to understand how these factors and contingencies influence research engagement with national web collections. In this article, we compare and contrast our experiences of undertaking web archival research at two national web archives: the UK Web Archive located at the British Library and the Netarchive at the Royal Danish Library. Based on personal interactions with the collections, interviews with library staff and observations of web archiving activities, we invoke three conceptual devices (orientating, auditingandconstructing) to describe common research practices and associated challenges in the context of each national web archive. Through this framework we centre the early stages of the research process that are often only given cursory attention in methodological descriptions of web archival research, to discuss the epistemological entanglements of researcher practices, instruments, tools and methods that create the conditions of possibility for new knowledge and scholarship in this space. In this analysis, we highlight the significant time and energy required on the part of researchers to begin using national web archives, as well as the value of engaging with the curatorial infrastructure that enables web archiving in practice. Focusing an analysis on these research infrastructures facilitates a discussion of how these web archival interfaces both enable and foreclose on particular forms of researcher engagement with the past Web and in turn contributes to critical ongoing debates surrounding the opportunities and constraints of digital sources, methodologies and claims within the Digital Humanities.
Factors influencing the negotiation of ethnic identity among 1.5 and second‐generation Asian migrants: A mixed methods systematic review
Authors: Dizon Lovely , Selak Vanessa , Ramalho Rodrigo , Peiris‐John Roshini 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTIntroductionWhilst positive ethnic identity is associated with higher self‐esteem, prosocial tendencies and peer acceptance, it is inversely associated with depressive symptoms and drug use among ethnic minority individuals. Negotiating ethnic identity is particularly challenging for 1.5‐and second‐generation migrant populations, finding themselves positioned between host culture and culture of origin. To inform positive youth development policies and practices, this systematic literature review aimed to identify factors influencing the negotiation of ethnic identity for 1.5‐and second‐generation Asian migrants living in high‐income countries.MethodsA mixed‐methods systematic review was conducted of peer‐reviewed literature in four databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychInfo and Scopus. Articles were screened by title, abstract and full text to ascertain whether they met the inclusion criteria. Quality of studies were assessed using MMAT Version 2011. Mixed‐method thematic analysis was used to synthesis the data according to Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Model.ResultsForty‐seven studies met the inclusion criteria. The review findings confirm a wide range of factors influencing the negotiation of ethnic identity from three systems in Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Model, most commonly from the macrosystem (e.g stereotyping), followed by microsystem (e.g family) and individual factors (e.g heritage language use).ConclusionsResults indicate negotiating ethnic identity can be challenging and difficult, where the culture/norms of country of origin and host country play a significant role. Positive youth development policies and practices need to reflect these wide range of factors. More research is needed in countries where data is not available to facilitate greater response to needs of this increasing population group.