bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Food photo records for assessing daily food intake using a smart phone application in college students
Authors: Suzuki Asuka , Pope Benjamin T , Roe Denise , Orr Barron J , Merchant Nirav C , Going Scott B , Hongu Nobuko 
Published: June 2021

With the aim of developing a new dietary instrument for increasing awareness of individual's usual dietary intake and eating pattern, we evaluated an application in a smart phone with camera and internet capability called Recaller application. College students used the Recaller application to take photos of all food eaten in six days during a three week period. The following day a 24‐hour recall was administered by a dietitian, and a Recaller usability feedback questioner was filled out by each participant at the end of the study. Forty one college students (22 females; the median BMI of 22.3 kg/m2 and 19 males; median BMI of 24.6 kg/m2), median ages of 22 years participated in the study. The median number of picture taken per participant throughout the study was 84.5 for female and 66 for males. The Wilcoxon rank‐sum test revealed that there was no difference in the total number of pictures taken between females and males (p=0.0858). Most participants rated the Recaller application as extremely easy or easy to use. 50–60% of participants said they would use the application daily to track the foods they eat. The Recaller smart‐phone application has potential to be used as a nutrition assessment tool, and may be an effective and efficient technique to keep food photo records, and potentially improve diet awareness of college students.Supported by USDA, NIFA, Human Nutrition and Obesity Program and University of Arizona, FoundationGrant Funding Source : USDA
Resveratrol enhances the effect of lipopolysacchride on human monocytes THP‐1 pro‐inflammatory cytokine expression
Authors: Feng Li , Huang Haiqiu , Schoene Norberta W. , Yu Liangli , Lei Kai Y. , Wang Thomas T. Y. 
Published: June 2021

Resveratrol (Res) is a polyphenolic compound existing in grapes, red wine, and certain fruits that exhibits anti‐tumor and anti‐inflammatory properties. The anti‐inflammatory effect of Res at pharmacological concentrations of >25 μM have been reported, but not at a physiological concentration (~5 μM) normally absorbed through diet. In addition, the mechanisms of action remain largely unknown. We addressed these deficiencies using a cell‐based inflammatory model in vitro. A concentration‐dependent reduction in cell growth was observed in cultured human monocytes THP‐1 cells treated for 48 hours with Res that covered physiological and pharmacological concentrations (≤25 μM). Flow cytometry analysis indicated that 5 and 10 μM of Res induced cell cycle arrest at the S phase. At 25 μM, Res induced both G0/G1 arrest and apoptosis. These effects of Res correlated with up regulation of p53‐independent cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (CDKN1A) mRNA expression. More importantly, Res enhanced the lipopolysacchride (LPS, 10ng/mL)‐induced inflammatory markers IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8, MCP‐1, COX‐2, and TNF‐α mRNA expression in a concentration‐dependent fashion. LPS binds to CD14/TLR4/MD2 receptor complex and promotes the secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. These results suggested that Res exerts a concentration‐dependent effect on immune cell growth and responsiveness toward inflammatory stimuli.Grant Funding Source : U.S appropriated funds to USDA project number 1235‐51530‐052‐00
Association between sugar‐sweetened beverage consumption and the metabolically healthy obese phenotype
Authors: Green Angela , Jacques Paul F , Rogers Gail T , Meigs James B , McKeown Nicola M 
Published: June 2021

Obesity is typically associated with multiple metabolic abnormalities. However, not all obese individuals exhibit metabolic risk factors. Absence of risk factors among obese individuals has been referred to as the “metabolically healthy obese” (MHO) phenotype. Little information exists regarding possible dietary differences between obese individuals with and without these metabolic abnormalities. The purpose of this study was to determine if sugar sweetened‐beverage (SSB) consumption was associated with the MHO phenotype among obese, non‐diabetic adult members of the Framingham Offspring Cohort. We classified MHO as BMI≥30 with none of the 5 following metabolic criteria: insulin resistance, hypertension, elevated fasting glucose and triglycerides, and low HDL cholesterol. Overall prevalence of MHO was 10.1%. Prevalence of MHO was 2‐fold greater among individuals in the lowest quartile of SSB consumption compared to those in the highest quartile (15.5% vs 7.8%, P=0.02) after multivariate adjustment. Our findings suggest that lower SSB consumption is associated with healthier metabolic profiles in obese individuals.Grant Funding Source : USDA ARS (contract number 58‐ 1950‐7‐707.Number), NHLBI (contract number NO1‐HC‐25195Number)
Women's employment impacts household food expenditure patterns over time in rural Bangladesh
Authors: Mehra Sucheta , Klemm Rolf D. W. , Labrique Alain Bernard , Rashid Mahbubur , Shamim Abu Ahmed , Christian Parul , West Keith Parker 
Published: June 2021

In resource‐poor settings, income earning women are hypothesized to have greater control of household expenditures and may prioritize the purchase of more or better quality food. This 4 year longitudinal analysis evaluated the impact of women's formal, part‐time employment with a research project in rural Bangladesh on monthly per capita food expenditure. Women were categorized as unemployed (n=182), first time employed with the project (n=279), first time employed elsewhere (n=184) and transitioning in employment to the project (n=291). Change in women's contribution to household income differed (0%, 37%, 4% and 5% respectively; p<0.001). Monthly per capita total food expenditures increased across time (Tk 382.6 to Tk 1921.3, p<0.001) and differed by group (p<0.05), while the food share of income, similar across groups at baseline (p=0.15), decreased considerably and unequally across groups (p<0.001) 4 years later. Though absolute per capita expenditure on food categories was not different, the share of food expenditure on rice, meat, fish, eggs, dairy, vegetables, fruits and snacks varied by group at baseline, shifted over time and differed in the rate of change by group, which will be presented. Rice expenditure shares increased uniformly but meat, eggs, dairy and fruit were prioritized differently by different categories, indicating that women's income influences household food choices.Funded by USAID and the Gates Foundation.
Behavioral intervention among early adolescent girls improves bone mass after 18 months; however lactose maldigestion is still a barrier for calcium intake
Authors: Lee Yujin , Boushey Carol J , McCabe Linda D , McCabe George P , Novotny Rachel , Van Loan Marta , Read Marsha , Going Scott , Weaver Connie M , Savaiano Dennis A , investigators ACT 
Published: June 2021

A targeted behavioral intervention to improve calcium intake and bone mass was conducted at middle schools in 5 states (473 girls of Asian, Hispanic, or non‐Hispanic White heritages, 10 –13 y). Lactose maldigestion (LM) was determined by breath hydrogen. Perceived milk intolerance (PMI) and calcium intake were assessed by questionnaire and bone mineral content (BMC) was determined by dual energy x‐ray absorptiometry. Multiple linear regression was used to examine the relationship among intervention, PMI, LM, calcium intake and BMC while adjusting for covariates. During the intervention period, there was an attenuated reduction in dietary calcium intake in the intervention group, compared to the control group (−74 mg, −177 mg, respectively). From 0 to 18 mos, a significant increase in total hip BMC was observed in the intervention group. At the end of the intervention (12 mo), dietary calcium consumption had increased among lactose digesters (LDs) and decreased among LMs. Additionally, significant increases in spinal BMC and total hip BMC were observed among LDs compared to LMs (p=0.01, p=0.04, respectively). A targeted behavioral intervention in middle‐school aged girls influenced dietary calcium intakes and bone mass. LM is a barrier to calcium intake in this population and may need alternative interventions.Grant Funding Source : USDA
Relationships between emotional eating and coronary heart disease risk factors in college students
Authors: Arts Jennifer , Fernandes Jill , Schembre Susan , Hirshberg Shira , Lofgren Ingrid 
Published: June 2021

Emotional eating (EE) is hypothesized to have a negative impact on diet quality and body weight that could affect chronic disease risk. Our aim was to determine if EE was associated with diet quality, physical activity (PA), and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors among 261 freshmen at a Northeast university. EE was scored with the Weight Related Eating Questionnaire. Three, 24‐hour food recalls were collected to compute Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet scores. Moderate‐vigorous PA (MVPA) was assessed by the International PA Questionnaire. CHD risk factors were measured after a 12‐hour fast. Most participants had a normal body mass index (BMI) (73%; 23.3 ± 3.8 kg/m2), were female (67%), and ranged in age from 18–21 y. Males and females differed significantly (p < 0.01) on all variables except for glucose and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. By multiple regressions, which included gender, we observed borderline significant associations between EE and MVPA (β = −0.12, p = 0.07), and with BMI (β = 0.12, p = 0.06) and diastolic blood pressure (β = 0.12, p = 0.07). Waist circumference was significantly associated with EE (β = 0.16, p < 0.01). However, DASH diet scores and MVPA failed to explain the observed associations between CHD risk factors and EE. Findings confirm associations among EE and some CHD risk factors that appeared independent of diet quality and PA.Research funded by the USDAGrant Funding Source: USDA
Vitamin D regulates apoptosis in adipocytes via Ca2+ signaling
Authors: Sergeev Igor N 
Published: June 2021

Modulation of apoptosis is emerging as a promising strategy for prevention and treatment of obesity because removal of adipocytes through this process will result in reducing body fat and long‐lasting maintenance of weight loss. Effects of vitamin D on apoptotic cell death are mediated via multiple signaling pathways that involve common regulators and effectors converging on cellular Ca2+ (Sergeev, 2009). The vitamin D‐regulated Ca2+‐dependent apoptotic molecular targets in adipose tissue have not been identified. We investigated mechanism of 1,25(OH)2‐vitamin D3 (1,25D)‐induced apoptosis using mouse 3T3‐L1 adipocytes. The results obtained demonstrated that 1,25D induces, in concentration‐ and time‐dependent fashion, the apoptotic Ca2+ signal ‐ a sustained, prolonged increase in concentration of intracellular Ca2+ ‐ in mature, accumulating lipids adipocytes. The 1,25D‐induced increase in cellular Ca2+ was associated with activation of the Ca2+‐dependent μ‐calpain and the Ca2+/calpain‐dependent caspase‐12. The activation of these proteases was sufficient for effecting morphological and biochemical changes attributed to apoptosis. These findings imply that the 1,25D‐induced cellular Ca2+ signal can act as an apoptotic initiator that directly recruits Ca2+‐dependent apoptotic effectors capable of executing apoptosis in adipose tissue. Targeting of the adipocyte Ca2+ signaling with vitamin D may represent an effective, safe and affordable approach to the prevention and treatment of obesity.Supported by USDA 2009‐35200‐05008 and USDA SD00H325.
Association between Vitamin D Metabolites in Fat Tissue and Serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D in Overweight and Obese Adults
Authors: Piccolo Brian D , Gertz Erik , Thomas Anthony P , Keim Nancy L , Adams Sean H , Seyoum Elias , Dolnikowski Gregory , Van Loan Marta D 
Published: June 2021

Cholecalciferol has been measured in human white adipose tissue (WAT), but little is known about the relationship between the other circulating vitamin D metabolites and WAT. We measured concentrations of 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D in subcutaneous fat tissue from 20 overweight and obese subjects participating in a weight loss intervention (Van Loan, 2011). WAT biopsies were obtained pre‐ and post‐intervention from the gluteal region and were analyzed for 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D by LC/MS/MS (Blum, 2008). Serum 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D were measured by RIA. Mean adipose 25(OH)D concentrations were 2.24 ± 1.0 ng/g pre‐ and 2.39 ± 1.1 ng/g post‐intervention, but 1,25(OH)2D concentrations were undetectable. Pre‐ and post‐intervention WAT 25(OH)D concentrations were correlated (r = 0.5482, P = 0.0185) and there was a significant positive association between subcutaneous fat 25(OH)D concentrations and serum 25(OH)D concentrations (r = 0.5140, P = 0.0011) across a range of body weight and adiposity. This suggests that similar to the parent compound, 25(OH)D deposition in human WAT is directly dependent on circulating 25(OH)D. The active compound, 1,25(OH)2D, may not be stored in appreciable amounts. Funding: National Dairy Council; USDA, ARS, WHNRC; Dairy Council of California; CTSC, University of California (1M01RR19975‐01), National Center for Medical Research (UL1 RR024146)Grant Funding Source : Dairy Research Institute
Relationship between brain lutein (L) and zeaxanthin (Z) and retinal L and Z in humans
Authors: Vishwanathan Rohini , Wittwer Jonas , Schalch Wolfgang , Johnson Elizabeth J 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundL and Z preferentially accumulate in the neural retina, as macular pigment (MP), and also in the brain tissue. Given the predominance of L in adult and pediatric brain tissues and the significant association of L with cognitive health in older adults, it is imperative to have a tool to assess brain L and Z status.PurposeTo evaluate the correlation between brain L and Z and retinal L and Z in humans.MethodsVoluntarily donated brain tissue and matched retina were obtained from a brain bank which adheres to strict consent and confidentiality procedures. Decedents were men and women aged >50 y who either had normal cognitive function or Alzheimer's disease. Tissues were analyzed using standard lipid extractions and reverse phase HPLC. SPSS version 19 was used for statistical analyses.ResultsTotal L and Z in the occipital cortex of the brain was positively related (r=0.865, n=3) to total L and Z in the retina in a bivariate analysis. Due to small sample size the ‘p’ value was non‐significant. Tissues (occipital cortex, hippocampus and retina) from seven more decedents are currently being analyzed.ConclusionsAs MP can be measured non‐invasively in humans, it could be used as a biomarker to assess brain L and Z status.Support: USDA# 1950‐51000‐065‐08S, DSM NutritionalsGrant Funding Source : USDA# 1950‐51000‐065‐08S, DSM Nutritionals
Cadavers, death anxiety, and the early development of the medical double‐consciousness
Authors: Martiny Amy , Witmer Lawrence M 
Published: June 2021

The objective of this research is to examine the effects of cadaver use on medical student socialization. Medical school exposes students to cadavers, bringing them face to face with death and dying and requiring them to perform acts (dissection) that in any other context would be taboo or even criminal. Student responses to these stressors can be heavily influenced by the curriculum, lab setting, and faculty, impacting the development of their “medical double‐consciousness” (partitioning the humanity of the individual from the scientific needs of the patient). An immersive anatomy course provided a uniquely controlled setting for this study in that it is short, unopposed by other courses, and is the students’ first academic learning activity. It thus provides advantages over previous studies that looked at anatomy courses of long duration and interspersed with other activities that present confounding variables. Data were gathered largely using participant observation and interviews. The preliminary results of this research project identify the variables that impact a student's personal and professional life, such as death‐anxiety coping mechanisms, acquired social roles at the dissection table (cutters, readers, floaters, etc.), and general attitudes prior to, during, and after their gross anatomy lab experiences. Funding from NSF IOS‐1050154, NSF IOS‐0517257, and OU‐HCOM.Grant Funding Source: National Science Foundation
The Role of Methionine Residues in Activity and Subunit Communication in Malate Dehydrogenase
Authors: Billue Farren , Bell Ellis 
Published: June 2021

Malate Dehydrogenase is a dimeric enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of malate to oxaloacetate in a reaction involving both a hydride transfer [to NAD] and a proton abstraction, and involves subunit interactions in activity and regulation [by citrate]. Little is known concerning the mechanism of communication between active sites in the dimer. The subunit interface contains three conserved methionine residues [M62, M64 & M91] in close proximity to residues from the opposing subunit [P59, L63, Y273 & I88 as well as between M66 on one subunit and M62 & M91 on the opposing subunit]. These residues together with a Methionine close to the active site [M128] have been mutated using QuikChange mutagenesis to a variety of different amino acids to test their role in subunit communication and catalytic activity. Proteins are expressed, purified using Ni‐NTA affinity chromatography and characterized by MALDI‐tof. Circular Dichroism in conjunction with thermal melts has been used to examine both stability and folding cooperativity using a 4 parameter Hill equation to analyze the ellipticity at 222nm as a function of temperature. Initial rate kinetic studies demonstrate changes in both Vmax and Km of various mutants as well as indicating changes in citrate regulation of the protein.This work is supported by NSF Grant MCB 0448905 to EB and an HHMI summer stipend to FB
Dietary protein is inversely associated with sarcopenia, sarcopenic‐obesity, and impaired gait speed in US adults: NHANES 1999–2002
Authors: Zanovec Michael , OˈNeil Carol E , Fulgoni Victor L , Nicklas Theresa A 
Published: June 2021

As the American population begins to age, nutritional interventions that mitigate the associated losses in lean body mass and physical function will become increasingly important. The NHANES 1999–2002 database was utilized to determine if protein intake was associated with the risk of sarcopenia, sarcopenic‐obesity, and impaired gait speed in adults 50+ y (n=4,010) with reliable 24‐hr dietary recall data, dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry measures, and that completed a timed 20‐ft walk test. Covariate‐adjusted logistic regression was used to determine odds of excess body fat percentage (% BF; gender‐specific 75th percentile), sarcopenia (gender‐specific 25th percentile of appendicular lean mass index [ALMI] in kg/m2), sarcopenic‐obesity, and impaired gait speed (<0.8 m/s) by quartiles of total daily protein consumption. Mean values for % BF, ALMI, and gait speed were: 36.5±0.2%; 7.3±0.0 kg/m2, and 1.03±0.01 m/s. Mean daily protein intake by quartiles were: 35.3±0.4 g (0.49±0.01 g/kg); 58.8±0.2 g (0.80±0.01 g/kg); 79.1±0.2 g (1.03±0.01 g/kg); and 121.8±1.2 g (1.47±0.02 g/kg), respectively. Compared to the lowest quartile, subjects in the highest quartile had significantly reduced odds of excess body fat (OR=0.67; 95% CI:0.48–0.93), sarcopenia (OR=0.65; 95% CI:0.43–0.99), sarcopenic‐obesity (OR=0.28; 95% CI:0.13–0.63), and impaired gait speed (OR=0.49; 95% CI:0.33–0.73). Results suggest a beneficial role of dietary protein in reduced risk of sarcopenia, excess % BF, and impaired gait speed in older adults.Grant Funding Source: Dairy Research Institute and USDA
The biomechanical effect of the bipartite zygoma: A Finite Element Analysis of the impact of an auxiliary facial suture in the midface
Authors: Unger Evelyn , Wang Qian 
Published: June 2021

Typically the zygoma is a single facial bone bounded by sutures where it abuts the maxilla, frontal, sphenoid, and temporal bones. Rarely, the zygoma is transected by an extra suture arising perpendicularly from the facial aspect of the maxillozygomatic suture and running dorsolaterally to the zygomatic aspect of the temporal fossa giving the bone a bipartite morphology (Incidence of 2.5–6.5% in human populations). In the midface, which is normally under heavy stresses during feeding, the biomechanical effect of bipartite zygoma has so far not been explored. We hypothesized that the bipartite zygoma condition would alter the pattern of stress distribution in the face during mastication. The bipartite zygoma condition was created in a Finite Element Model of a skull from a Tufted Capuchin monkey (USNM518342), and the model was analysed and compared to a model with typical zygoma condition. Results revealed that the bipartite morphology disrupts the normal inferosuperior stress flow from maxilla to frontal through the zygoma. The superior half of the zygoma in the upper face was spared high stress flow at the expense of the inferior half of the zygoma in the midface. In this way, the stresses incurred during normal activities (i.e. feeding) were shunted from the upper facial regions to the relatively gracile yet already heavily stressed temporal arm of the zygomatic arch, suggesting that the bipartite morphology is less optimal than the typical case. How the temporal arm of the zygomatic arch adapts in this situation needs further studies.Grant support: NSF HOMINID BCS‐0725183 and NSF BCS‐0100825 (CT images of USNM518342 courtesy of Dr. James Rossie. www.digimorph.org).
Vertebral dimensions vary among prehensile and nonprehensile primate tails
Authors: Organ Jason M. , King Heather L. 
Published: June 2021

Recent morphological studies of the primate tail have established that the mechanical structure of the prehensile tail, capable of suspending the body weight of the animal, differs from that of the nonprehensile tail: prehensile tail caudal vertebrae have relatively more expanded transverse and hemal processes (reflecting better developed tail musculature) and vertebral bodies are capable of resisting relatively higher bending (and torsional) stresses (i.e., they are more robust). However, these characterizations are based upon analysis of three functionally analogous vertebrae in each tail (one from each of three tail regions), taken to represent the entire tail. This study uses simple caliper measurements of caudal vertebrae in nine New World monkey species to demonstrate: 1) transverse process expansion is greatest in the distal region of the prehensile tail, but proximally this measure does not discriminate among tail types; 2) hemal process expansion is greatest in the prehensile tail in all tail regions, and this measure does discriminate among tail types; and 3) vertebral bodies are more robust in the prehensile tail in all regions. These results are consistent with previous analyses and support the use of the three functionally analogous vertebrae to characterize the morphology of the tail as a whole. Supported by NSF BCS‐0550676.Grant Funding Source: NSF