bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A randomized controlled trial of the X-Stop interspinous distractor device versus laminectomy for lumbar spinal stenosis with 2-year quality-of-life and cost-effectiveness outcomes
Authors: Borg Anouk , Hill Ciaran Scott , Nurboja Besnik , Critchley Giles , Choi David 
Published: February 2021

OBJECTIVE
Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is a common and debilitating condition that is increasing in prevalence in the world population. Surgical decompression is often standard treatment when conservative measures have failed. Interspinous distractor devices (IDDs) have been proposed as a safe alternative; however, the associated cost and early reports of high failure rates have brought their use into question. The primary objective of this study was to determine the cost-effectiveness and long-term quality-of-life (QOL) outcomes after treatment of LSS with the X-Stop IDD compared with surgical decompression by laminectomy.

METHODS
A multicenter, open-label randomized controlled trial of 47 patients with LSS was conducted; 21 patients underwent insertion of the X-Stop device and 26 underwent laminectomy. The primary outcomes were monetary cost and QOL measured using the EQ-5D questionnaire administered at 6-, 12-, and 24-month time points.

RESULTS
The mean monetary cost for the laminectomy group was £2712 ($3316 [USD]), and the mean cost for the X-Stop group was £5148 ($6295): £1799 ($2199) procedural cost plus £3349 mean device cost (£2605 additional cost per device). Using an intention-to-treat analysis, the authors found that the mean quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gain for the laminectomy group was 0.92 and that for the X-Stop group was 0.81. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was −£22,145 (−$27,078). The revision rate for the X-Stop group was 19%. Five patients crossed over to the laminectomy arm after being in the X-Stop group.

CONCLUSIONS
Laminectomy was more cost-effective than the X-Stop for the treatment of LSS, primarily due to device cost. The X-Stop device led to an improvement in QOL, but it was less than that in the laminectomy group. The use of the X-Stop IDD should be reserved for cases in which a less-invasive procedure is required. There is no justification for its regular use as an alternative to decompressive surgery.
Clinical trial registration no.: ISRCTN88702314 (www.isrctn.com)
INTERNALIZATION OF RELIGIOUS VALUES BASED PESANTREN (Study of SMA Muhammadiyah 01 Metro Lampung)
Authors: Maragustam Maragustam , Wibisono Yogi 
Published: February 2021

Action or morality in principle begins with a deep value in the soul. That deep value becomes a pattern of belief, awareness, and thought. Because that value has become a mindset, taste, and belief, one will easily do positive and negative actions. So, the planting of value becomes a necessity in education. This research will answer how the school's strategy instills religious values, what religious values are instilled, its supporters and inhibitions, and how they result. This type of research is qualitative with a pedagogical approach. Determination of subjects using purposive and Snowball. Data collection with observations, interviews, and documentation. The analysis technique uses Miles and Huberman models. The conclusion is (1) strategies for planting religious values are habituation, teaching the values of goodness, nudity, repentance with istighatsah, and punishment; (2) The religious values instilled are personal and social worship; (3) the less successful factors of planting religious values are less aware learners, teachers have difficulty supervising students, parents are less exemplary, and socio-cultural environments are less supportive. Simultaneously, the success factor is compact managers, adequate facilities and infrastructure, strict school discipline application, passionate teachers, sincere, and professional managers applying the pesantren system.
THE STUDY OF EFFICACY OF SUBLINGUAL MISOPROSTOL IN TERMINATION OF EARLY PREGNANCY
Authors: Kumari Arti , Kumari Usha , Sinha Anupama 
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Nearly 20% of all confirmed pregnancies end in spontaneous abortion. Misoprostol’s use in early pregnancy failure is varied and dose and route are not well established. AIM: To study the efficacy of sublingual misoprostol in causing expulsion of products of conception in early pregnancy failure.
Methods: Women with an ultrasound diagnosis of early pregnancy failure, less than 12 weeks gestation were included in the study. Tablet Misoprostol 600 mcg was given six hourly sublingually for 3 doses. All observations were noted and analyzed. Results: Mean gestational age was 7.946+1.2 weeks. Mean induction abortion interval was 18.241+1.2 hours. Women with gestational age six to eight weeks had least mean induction-abortion interval time of 17.38+2.86. Mean dose required was 1560mcg. Efficacy of protocol was 92.85% in achieving complete abortion.
Conclusion: The regime had 92.85% efficacy, acceptability (90%) and few side effects. Thus by using a lower dose and appropriate interval between two doses (six hours), the side effects were lessened with high efficacy.
Keywords: Efficacy, Missed Abortion, Misoprostol.
Dukungan Kesehatan Jiwa Dan Psikososial (Dkjps) Covid-19 Pada Masyarakat Kategori “Orang Sehat” Di Desa Seretan Kecamatan Lembean Timur, Sulawesi Utara
Authors: Wetik Syenshie Virgini , Grace Polii Benedikta , Fressy Lumowa Nissia 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRAK Mewabahnya virus corona (COVID-19) saat ini, menjadi ancaman dan tantangan besar bagi seluruh negara di dunia, termasuk Indonesia. Hingga saat ini, jumlah penderita covid-19 terus meningkat. Berbagai upaya telah dilakukan oleh pemerintah namun belum menunjukkan penurunan jumlah kasus. Hal ini menimbulkan masalah baru (stressor) bagi masyarakat salah satunya adalah masalah psikologis. Beredarnya informasi yang tidak adekuat (hoax), kesulitan berinteraksi sosial, masalah ekonomi, ketidakpastian akan berakhirnya masa pandemi dan lainnya membuat masyarakat menjadi mudah khawatir, panik, khawatir, cemas, gelisah, stres, tertekan, takut dan berbagai masalah psikologis lainnya. Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kemampuan mengatasi masalah psikososial bagi masyarakat di masa pandemi ini. Adapun kegiatan yang dilakukan yaitu pemberian edukasi (penyuluhan) dan latihan relaksasi bagi masyarakat kategori “orang sehat”. Terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan dan kemampuan relaksasi pada masyarakat Desa Seretan Kecamatan Lembean Timur. Dengan demikian, pemberian penyuluhan ini memberikan banyak manfaat bagi masyarakat. Kata Kunci : DKJPS, Covid-19, Orang Sehat, Penyuluhan Kesehatan ABSTRACT The outbreak of the corona virus (COVID-19) is currently a major threat and challenge for all countries in the world, including Indonesia. Until now, the number of people with Covid-19 continues to increase. Various attempts have been made by the government but have not shown a decrease in the number of cases. This creates new problems (stressors) for the community, one of which is a psychological problem. The circulation of inadequate information (hoaxes), difficulties in social interaction, economic problems, uncertainty over the end of the pandemic and others make people anxious, panic, anxious, anxious, anxious, stressed, depressed, afraid and various other psychological problems. The purpose of this activity is to increase knowledge and ability to overcome psychosocial problems for the community during this pandemic. The activities carried out consist of providing education (counseling) and relaxation exercises for the category of "healthy people" or not exposed to Covid. There has been an increase in knowledge and relaxation skills in the people of Seretan Village, East Lembean Regency. The conclusion is that this education provides many benefits for the community. Keyword : Mental Health And Pyscosial Support, Covid-19, Healthy People Category, Health Education
The role of micronutrients on COVID-19 treatment for adults, children and elderly
Authors: Fernandes Sandra Lúcia , Ferreira Ana Lúcia dos Anjos , Soriano Eline de Almeida , Silvestre Simone Chaves de Miranda , Nogueira-de-Almeida Carlos Alberto , Iucif Junior Nelson , Pimentel Rodrigo Fernandes Weyll , Maduro Isolda Prado de Negreiros Nogueira 
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Coronaviruses have been shown to infect humans. Such viral types were the causing agents of the outbreaks of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome. Specific malnutrition leads to deleterious effects on immunity. Thus, the treatment of these deficiencies, both in outpatients and inpatients with suspected SARS-CoV-2, could help the immune system to play its role in an optimal level of defense. Objective: This review aims to discuss the beneficial effects of treatments for specific deficiencies related to vitamins A, D, C, zinc, and selenium. Methods: This is a narrative review. The search included research in electronic databases and manual search for citations in LILACS and MEDLINE, developed between June 2020 and December 2020. Results and Discussion: The immune system undergoes changes throughout life and depends on an adequate supply of nutrients. Some micronutrients of the diet have very specific roles to develop and maintain an effective immune system. The most needed micronutrients to support immunocompetence are vitamins A, C, D, E, B2, B6, B12, folic acid and the minerals zinc, selenium, iron, magnesium, and copper. The diet is expected to supply an adequate amount of these nutrients. However, the daily intake of these necessary substances may be greater during infection. This is particularly important in acute respiratory tract infections. Conclusion: This article demonstrates the importance of maintaining a balanced diet, with adequate intake of micronutrients, especially when it comes to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Concentração sérica de vitamina D e características sociodemográficas de uma população idosa do nordeste brasileiro
Authors: Silva Beatriz Bianca Miranda , Santos Gleyson Moura dos , Rocha Monique da Silva , Nunes Ivone Freires de Oliveira Costa , Oliveira Francisco Erasmo de , Melo Natália de Jesus , Mascarenhas Isabele Frazão , Melo Martha Teresa Siqueira Marques , Moura Alana Rafaela da Silva , Carvalho Cecilia Maria Resende Gonçalves de 
Published: February 2021

No Brasil, a elevada prevalência de hipovitaminose D tem sido observada em diversas regiões e principalmente em adultos e idosos. Nesse contexto, este estudo teve como objetivo determinar a concentração sérica de vitamina D e as características sociodemográficas de idosos. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, desenvolvido no ano de 2017-2018, com 173 idosos de ambos os sexos, cadastrados na estratégia saúde da família do município de Teresina – PI, Brasil. A população do estudo foi caracterizada quanto aos aspectos sociodemográficos, com média de idade de 69 anos, tendo o predomínio de indivíduos do sexo feminino, não caucasianos, casados e baixa escolaridade. Em relação ao estilo de vida, os participantes não se caracterizaram como tabagistas e nem possuíam o hábito de consumir bebidas alcóolicas, por outro lado, uma parcela se caracterizou como sedentária, não faziam uso de protetor solar e não se exponham ao sol. As concentrações séricas de Vitamina D mostraram-se inadequadas entre os idosos. Desta forma, estratégias para prevenir, detectar e tratar essa deficiência de vitamina D precisam ser incorporadas à saúde pública, pois mudança desse perfil se faz necessária, uma vez que, a deficiência dessa vitamina pode provocar o hiperparatireoidismo secundário, aumento do risco de fraturas e estar relacionada ao comprometimento cognitivo e demência.
Perilaku Konsumsi Mie Instan Pada Remaja
Authors: Efrizal Wiwin 
Published: February 2021

Mie instan sebagai makanan yang bersifat praktis, mudah dihidangkan, enak, banyak pilihan rasa dan harga yang murah sangat digemari berbagai kalangan, termasuk remaja. Meskipun demikian, konsumsi mie instan yang berlebihan dapat menimbulkan bahaya bagi kesehatan. Penulis ingin mengetahui perilaku remaja di Bangka Belitung dalam mengkonsumsi mie instan. Penelitian menggunakan kuantitatif menggunakan metode angket pada akhir agustus 2020 kepada 45 orang responden secara acak dan data yang diperoleh dianalisa secara deskriktif dan metode grafik. Pada penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa perilaku konsumsi mie instan telah dilakukan 84,4% responden saat usia Sekolah Dasar dengan prosentase 71,1% mengkonsuminya 1-3 bungkus per minggu. Perilaku lain saat pengolahan/penyajiannya sebanyak 51,1% responden berpendapat senang menambahkan bumbu/bahan makanan lain untuk meningkatkan rasa/selera dan asupan gizi.
Yindan Jiedu Granules, a Traditional Chinese Medicinal Formulation, as a Potential Treatment for Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Liu Jingyuan , Jiang Yuyong , Liu Yao , Pu Lin , Du Chunjing , Li Yuxin , Wang Xiaojing , Ren Jie , Liu Wei , Yang Zhiyun , Chen Zhihai , Song Rui , Xie Wen , Wang Xianbo 
Published: February 2021

Background:YindanJiedu Granules (YDJDG) have been newly prescribed as a Chinese herbal formula. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of YDJDG and lopinavir-ritonavir in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).Methods: Overall, 131 patients with COVID-19 were included in this study. In addition to standard care, 60 of these patients received YDJDG (YDJDG group) and 71 received lopinavir-ritonavir (lopinavir-ritonavir group). Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to match the characteristics of individuals in the two groups, while the Kaplan-Meier method was used to compare the proportion recovery observed.Results: Cox analysis revealed that YDJDG and CD4 ≥ 660 cells/µL were independent predictive factors of proportion recovery. At baseline, disease types differed between the YDJDG and lopinavir-ritonavir treatment groups. Furthermore, no significant adverse effects or toxicities relevant to YDJDG were observed. The median recovery time was 21 days in the YDJDG group and 27 days in the lopinavir-ritonavir group. After PSM (1:1), 50 patient pairs, YDJDG vs. lopinavir-ritonavir, were analyzed. In the YDJDG group, the proportion of recovered patients was remarkably higher than that observed in the lopinavir-ritonavir group (p = 0.0013), especially for those presenting mild/moderate disease type and CD4 &lt; 660 cells/µL. In the YDJDG group, the mean duration of fever and pulmonary exudative lesions was significantly shorter than that observed in the lopinavir-ritonavir group (p = 0.0180 and p = 0.0028, respectively).Conclusion: YDJDG reveals the potential to hasten the recovery period in COVID-19 patients with mild/moderate disease type or CD4 &lt; 660 cells/µL by shortening the mean duration of fever and pulmonary exudative lesions.
Task Control Deficit in Individuals With Non-suicidal Self-Injury
Authors: Lee Seo Jeong , Hyun Myoung Ho 
Published: February 2021

Background: Numerous people in clinical settings who have experienced repeated self-injuries explain their non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) as “habitual” or due to “difficulty avoiding impulses related to NSSI.” Previous studies present retrospective reports, where they experience frequent self-injurious urges and try to resist but fail. However, no study has directly investigated repeated behavioral control problems of people who engage in chronic NSSI through behavioral measurements in an experimental setting. The current study sought to investigate whether people who repeatedly attempt NSSI demonstrate deficiency in task control ability called the object-interference (O-I effect).Methods: The current study performed object interference tasks on 90 participants, of which 45 were those who reported repeated NSSI while 45 comprised the control group.Results: We observed delayed reaction times for object stimulus compared to abstract stimulus in the NSSI group, indicative of the object interference effect. This reflects task control deficits and difficulties in NSSI related behavioral control in the repeated NSSI group. When NSSI tools were additionally presented as a target stimulus, longer reaction times and more errors were observed in the NSSI group compared to the control group.Discussion: The current study discusses the clinical implications of the results from diagnostic point of view and provides suggestions for future research for treatment and prevention.
WACANA SOLIDARITAS DAN KEMAJEMUKAN ISLAM INDONESIA DI TENGAH PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Hakim Luqman Al , Faiz Muhammad 
Published: February 2021

Pandemi Covid-19 telak melumpuhkan banyak sisi kehidupan manusia. Dalam situasi ini umat Islam Indonesia turut diuji antara lain dalam aspek solidaritas dan kemajemukannya. Sebagai konsekuensinya terdapat dua pilihan bagi umat Islam Indonesia untuk menghadapi problem global ini, antara bersatu padu atau bercerai berai. Kemajemukan dan solidaritas sangat dibutuhkan bangsa Indonesia mengingat banyaknya elemen dalam tubuh umat Islam di Indonesia seperti beragamnya ormas. Di antara yang paling besar seperti Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI), Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) dan Muhammadiyah. Peran pemerintah dan ulama sangat dibutuhkan dalam mengatasi Covid-19. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat bagaimana perkembangan solidaritas dan kemajemukan Islam di tengah pandemi Covid-19 serta memetakan sejauh mana dampak solidaritas dan kemajemukan yang telah dihadirkan oleh umat Islam Indonesia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan ialah metode penelitian kualitatif, berbasis pengamatan sosial. Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa wacana solidaritas Islam Indonesia semakin meningkat di masa pandemi yang dibuktikan dengan hadirnya bantuan sosial dan kegiatan kemanusiaan lainnya secara sukarelawan yang dilakukan umat Islam, utamanya dari ormas-ormas besar Islam di Indonesia. Meski tantangannya di sisi yang lain terdapat pula segolongan umat Islam yang mengendorkan solidaritas dan kemajemukan di masa pandemi Covid-19. Karenanya penting bagi umat Islam Indonesia untuk saling mendukung dan memberikan aksi nyata dalam menjunjung konsep solidaritas dan kemajemukan demi kemajuan bangsa bersama.

Abstract
Covid 19 pandemic has demolished human activities, in period Covid 19 Indonesian Moslems being testing to inside solidarity and plurality. Because that has two choices to Indonesian Moslems united and separated. Plurality and solidarity are very constructing remember for many Indonesian elements Islam an example; MUI, NU, Muhammadiyah, etc. The role of government and preacher is big sake to loose Covid 19 misery. This research aims to looks how is development Moslems solidarity and plurality in the middle Covid 19, with mapping to what extent impact solidarity and plurality are presenting from Indonesian Moslems. The research method used is qualitative, have as base Social observation, the result of this research Islamic concept solidarity and voluntary did Moeslems activities from the big Indonesian Islamic organizations with from any Islamic insantion. But in other that have present Islam be deliberate solidarity and plurality in the time Covid 19. Importantly to Indonesia Moeslems for mutual supporting and giving real actions in support concept solidarity and plurality sake together benefit.
Carrier transport mechanism of diamond p+–n junction at low temperature using Schottky–pn junction structure
Authors: Karasawa Ayumu , Makino Toshiharu , Traore Aboulaye , Kato Hiromitsu , Ogura Masahiko , Kato Yukako , Takeuchi Daisuke , Yamasaki Satoshi , Sakurai Takeaki 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We elucidate the carrier transport mechanism from the p+-layer (metallic-conduction) to the n-layer (band-conduction) in a diamond p+–n junction, which is the basic structure of diamond devices. We fabricate Schottky–pn diodes containing p+–n junctions and analyze the temperature dependence of electrical properties in the forward bias region. At temperatures higher than the cryogenic region, free holes transport from the p+-layer to the n-layer. In the cryogenic region, which is insufficient to excite holes to the valence band, the direct transport of holes from the effective carrier conduction level in the p+-layer to the n-layer by tunneling becomes dominant.
Effect of (AlGa)2O3 back barrier on device characteristics of β-Ga2O3 metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors with Si-implanted channel
Authors: Kamimura Takafumi , Nakata Yoshiaki , Higashiwaki Masataka 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
An (AlGa)2O3 back barrier was employed for Ga2O3 metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) with a Si-implanted n-Ga2O3 channel layer. The insertion of the back barrier led to strong confinement of electrons in the channel layer, and a shallower pinch-off characteristic with shifting a threshold gate voltage by +8 V was attained for the MOSFET with the back barrier compared to the conventional one without it. The excellent gate controllability represented by a subthreshold slope of 129 mV/decade was also achieved for the back-barrier MOSFET; whereas it was 337 mV/decade for the non-back-barrier one.
Investigation of capacitor-less integrate and fire neuron by using dual-gate a PN-body tied silicon on insulator field-effect transistor
Authors: Mori Takayuki , Ida Jiro 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this study, integrate and fire neuron by using a dual-gate (DG) PN-body tied (PNBT) silicon on insulator field-effect transistor (SOI-FET) was investigated. We found out that the DG PNBT SOI-FET has the integrate and fire function in a single device. The floating body and the positive feedback effect can perform the functions of the capacitor and comparator, respectively. The device can generate a continuous spike and also a single spike signal with the additional reset scheme. The reset action requires a recovery time, which can be controlled by voltage conditions. It has a chance of making a refractory period function. These characteristics mean that it is possible to realize the capacitor-less small footprint neuron circuit with the DG PNBT SOI-FET.