bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolic Profiling and Physiological Monitoring in Hibernating Arctic Ground Squirrels during Ammonium Acetate Infusions
Authors: Rice Sarah A , D'Alessandro Angelo , Drew Kelly L 
Published: June 2021

Hibernators such as the arctic ground squirrel, undergo periods of prolonged torpor interrupted by brief periods of euthermy (interbout arousals) throughout the hibernation season. Animals do not eat for the duration of the hibernation season that can last up to eight months in the arctic ground squirrel. In the last 10 years high throughput metabolic screenings of hibernators have elucidated key characteristics of different stages within the hibernation season, but this characterization has been limited to observational studies. Evidence suggests that interbout arousals function to maintain or rebalance carbon and nitrogen homeostasis. How nitrogen load impacts metabolic and neural signaling pathways during prolonged torpor is unknown. To define how physiologically relevant nitrogen loads impact the hibernation metabolic profile and onset of interbout arousal we infused a nitrogen donor during early torpor to mimic aspects of late‐stage torpor. Arctic ground squirrels were instrumented with indwelling arterial and venous cannulas and body temperature transmitters. The rate of oxygen consumption was monitored using open flow respirometry. Blood samples were collected for up to 10 days and analyzed by UHPLC‐MS. Infusion of ammonium acetate increased plasma glutamine and 5‐oxoproline levels significantly. This raises the interesting question about a potential role of the gamma‐glutamyl system in nitrogen balance and metabolic homeostasis in hibernation. This work was performed in conformance with the FASEB Statement of Principles for animals used in research.Support or Funding InformationThis work was supported by NSF IOS‐1258179
Usefulness of PET-guided surgery with 64Cu-labeled cetuximab for resection of intrapancreatic residual tumors in a xenograft mouse model of resectable pancreatic cancer
Authors: Igarashi Chika , Yoshii Yukie , Tashima Hideaki , Iwao Yuma , Sakurai Kohei , Hihara Fukiko , Tachibana Tomoko , Yoshida Eiji , Wakizaka Hidekatsu , Akamatsu Go , Yamaya Taiga , Yoshimoto Mitsuyoshi , Matsumoto Hiroki , Zhang Ming-Rong , Nagatsu Kotaro , Sugyo Aya , Tsuji Atsushi B. , Higashi Tatsuya 
Published: June 2021

Background
In pancreatic cancer surgery, accurate identification and resection of intrapancreatic residual tumors are quite difficult. We have developed a novel open-typed PET system (called ‘OpenPET’), which enables high-resolution PET-guided surgery in real time, and demonstrated that OpenPET-guided surgery with intraperitoneally administered 64Cu-labeled anti-epidermal growth factor receptor antibody cetuximab is useful to detect and resect primary pancreatic cancer. Here, we investigated applicability of OpenPET-guided surgery for unexpected residual intrapancreatic tumors and examined its survival benefit over conventional surgery.

Methods
A mouse model with large (>1 cm) resectable pancreatic cancer of xPA-1-DC cells expressing red fluorescent protein was used. OpenPET-guided surgery was conducted 24 h after intraperitoneal administration of 64Cu-labeled cetuximab (7.4 MBq/mouse). For comparison, similar surgical procedures were conducted, and conventional tumor resection was attempted using only the naked eye (control). Survival rate after OpenPET-guided surgery was compared to that after control operations.

Results
Intraoperative OpenPET guidance enabled detection and resection of small residual tumors. Ten residual tumor specimens (3–10 mm in diameter) were intraoperatively isolated with OpenPET guidance (n = 7 mice). All isolated specimens showed tumor RFP signals. No resection of tumor tissue was performed in control group because the tumor could not be clearly detected with the naked eye alone. Mice after OpenPET-guided surgery showed significantly longer survival rates than those in control group.

Conclusions
OpenPET-guided surgery with 64Cu-labeled-cetuximab enabled intraoperative identification and resection of intrapancreatic small residual tumors. This technology could be useful to prevent tumor residuals during surgery and improve pancreatic cancer survival.
Lipids and peripheral neuropathy
Authors: Iqbal Zohaib , Bashir Bilal , Ferdousi Maryam , Kalteniece Alise , Alam Uazman , Malik Rayaz A. , Soran Handrean 
Published: June 2021

Purpose of review
Hyperlipidaemia is associated with the development of neuropathy. Indeed, a mechanistic link between altered lipid metabolism and peripheral nerve dysfunction has been demonstrated in a number of experimental and clinical studies. Furthermore, post hoc analyses of clinical trials of cholesterol and triglyceride-lowering pharmacotherapy have shown reduced rates of progression of diabetic neuropathy. Given, there are currently no FDA approved disease-modifying therapies for diabetic neuropathy, modulation of lipids may represent a key therapeutic target for the treatment of diabetic nerve damage. This review summarizes the current evidence base on the role of hyperlipidaemia and lipid lowering therapy on the development and progression of peripheral neuropathy.

Recent findings
A body of literature supports a detrimental effect of dyslipidaemia on nerve fibres resulting in somatic and autonomic neuropathy. The case for an important modulating role of hypertriglyceridemia is stronger than for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in relation to peripheral neuropathy. This is reflected in the outcomes of clinical trials with the different therapeutic agents targeting hyperlipidaemia reporting beneficial or neutral effects with statins and fibrates. The potential concern with the association between proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitor therapy and cognitive decline raised the possibility that extreme LDL-C lowering may result in neurodegeneration. However, studies in murine models and data from small observational studies indicate an association between increased circulating PCSK9 levels and small nerve fibre damage with a protective effect of PCSK9i therapy against small fibre neuropathy. Additionally, weight loss with bariatric surgery leads to an improvement in peripheral neuropathy and regeneration of small nerve fibres measured with corneal confocal microscopy in people with obesity with or without type 2 diabetes. These improvements correlate inversely with changes in triglyceride levels.

Summary
Hyperlipidaemia, particularly hypertriglyceridemia, is associated with the development and progression of neuropathy. Lipid modifying agents may represent a potential therapeutic option for peripheral neuropathy. Post hoc analyses indicate that lipid-lowering therapies may halt the progression of neuropathy or even lead to regeneration of nerve fibres. Well designed randomized controlled trials are needed to establish if intensive targeted lipid lowering therapy as a part of holistic metabolic control leads to nerve fibre regeneration and improvement in neuropathy symptoms.
Sildenafil Citrate Overdose in a 3-Month Postterm Premature Infant With Pulmonary Artery Hypertension
Authors: van Heugten Marjolein , van Onzenoort-Bokken Lonneke 
Published: June 2021

Objective
We aimed to describe a case of prematurely born infant with accidental sildenafil overdose.

Methods
This was a retrospective case report followed with chart and literature review.

Main Findings
A prematurely born infant with moderate bronchopulmonary dysplasia, corrected congenital heart disease, and pulmonary hypertension presented with an accidental sildenafil overdose. Despite the relatively high dose in this medically frail infant and the long elimination half-life of sildenafil in infants, the symptoms of sildenafil overdose in our patient were only mild. After a short and uneventful period of observation in the hospital, the patient was discharged home.

Conclusions
Sildenafil overdose can cause serious symptoms such as hypotension. However, in our case, the sildenafil overdose was well tolerated, even by a young patient with underlying heart and lung disease. We show that choices in the management of sildenafil intoxication can be made based on the knowledge of sildenafil pharmacokinetics in young children.
Objective and Subjective Perspectives on Implementation of a Violence Risk Screening Program in an Emergency Department
Authors: ROATEN KIMBERLY , BROWNE SABRINA , POLLIO DAVID E. , KHAN FUAD , NORTH CAROL S. 
Published: June 2021

Objective:
The objective of this study was to use quantitative and qualitative data to gather information about emergency medicine and psychiatric provider perspectives regarding the evolution of a violence risk screening process including the simultaneous implementation of a universal suicide screening program.

Methods:
A retrospective review of violence risk screening data for 496 patient encounters over a 2-year period and across 4 phases of implementation and improvement was completed. Four focus groups were conducted with emergency medicine and psychiatric providers using nondirective facilitation methods to gather data regarding provider perspectives about violence and suicide risk screening. The focus groups were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed for thematic content.

Results:
Four of the 6 violence risk screening items were most strongly associated with high-risk stratification across all phases. There were no changes in proportions of positive responses for 3 of the items. The proportion of positive responses for the other items changed significantly after expert feedback and clarification of item wording. Only 3% of the focus group passages included discussion of the universal suicide screening program.

Conclusions:
The providers indicated that they believed the violence risk screening and suicide screening procedures helped improve clinical thoroughness and documentation. Ongoing feedback between providers and program developers was beneficial. The implementation of the universal suicide screening process was relatively seamless for these providers.
A Meta-Analysis of Mental Health among Latino Adults: Elucidating Disparities from Differences
Authors: Flórez Karen R. , Abbu Kyra Alyssa C. , Hossain Fariha , Wills Aprielle , Breslau Joshua 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLatinos continue to experience disparities in access to treatment for mental health, and these appear to be worsening with time. This meta-analysis identified and compared studies (N=20): (1) Across Latino origin groups, (2) Across immigration-related characteristics, and (3) with non-Latino groups. For the first comparison, results consistently showed Puerto Ricans had the highest rate of utilization compared to their Mexican, Cuban, Central American, and Other counterparts. For the second comparison, U.S-born Latinos had higher utilization and mental health costs for services, as well as higher rate of depression/anxiety symptomatology compared to their immigrant counterparts. For the third comparison, results were not as consistent but trended towards lower/less rates by Latinos compared to non-Latino whites. More research is needed on the different Latino groups and across the acculturation spectrum if we are to understand disparities from differences in risk and service use among this heterogeneous group.
Across-animal odor decoding by probabilistic manifold alignment
Authors: Herrero-Vidal Pedro , Rinberg Dmitry , Savin Cristina 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIdentifying the common structure of neural dynamics across subjects is key for extracting unifying principles of brain computation and for many brain machine interface applications. Here, we propose a novel probabilistic approach for aligning stimulus-evoked responses from multiple animals in a common low dimensional manifold and use hierarchical inference to identify which stimulus drives neural activity in any given trial. Our probabilistic decoder is robust to a range of features of the neural responses and significantly outperforms existing neural alignment procedures. When applied to recordings from the mouse olfactory bulb, our approach reveals low-dimensional population dynamics that are odor specific and have consistent structure across animals. Thus, our decoder can be used for increasing the robustness and scalability of neural-based chemical detection.
Exploring the Self-Assembly of Encapsulin Protein Nanocages from Different Structural Classes
Authors: Boyton India , Goodchild Sophia C. , Diaz Dennis , Elbourne Aaron , Collins-Praino Lyndsey , Care Andrew 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTEncapsulins, self-assembling icosahedral protein nanocages derived from prokaryotes, represent a versatile set of tools for nanobiotechnology. However, a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying encapsulin self-assembly, disassembly, and reassembly is lacking. Here, we characterise the disassembly/reassembly properties of three encapsulin nanocages that possess different structural architectures:T= 1 (24 nm),T= 3 (32 nm), andT= 4 (42 nm). Using spectroscopic techniques and electron microscopy, encapsulin architectures were found to exhibit varying sensitivities to the denaturant guanidine hydrochloride (GuHCl), extreme pH, and elevated temperature. While all encapsulins showed the capacity to reassemble following GuHCl-induced disassembly (within 75 min), only the smallestT= 1 nanocage reassembled after disassembly in basic pH (within 15 min). Furthermore, atomic force microscopy revealed that all encapsulins showed a significant loss of structural integrity after undergoing sequential disassembly/reassembly steps. These findings provide insights into encapsulins’ disassembly/reassembly dynamics, thus informing their future design, modification, and application.
Study of growth characteristics of callus, suspension and root crops Scutellaria baicalensis
Authors: Dmitrieva Anastasia Igorevna , Fedorova Anastasia Michailovna , Le Violetta Mironovna 
Published: June 2021

AbstractScutellaria baicalensis is a popular traditional plant in Chinese medicine. Widely distributed biologically active substances of Scutellaria baicalensis are flavonoids (baicalin, baicalein, vogonin and vogonoside), which are responsible for the antitumor activity. Their antitumor effect is due to the absorption of oxidative radicals, the weakening of the activity of NF-kB (nuclear factor-kB), the suppression of the expression of the COX-2 gene and the regulation of the cell cycle. In addition, baicalein, baicalin, and vogonin showed strong antioxidant activity. The root culture in vitro of the medicinal plant Scutellaria baicalensis is characterized by intensive growth. The growth index at the end of the cultivation cycle was 40. The growth curve has a standard S-shape, with pronounced growth phases. The stationary phase was observed from 5-7 weeks of cultivation. The root culture growth index was 22.
Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies Among Rural Healthcare Workers
Authors: Neises Jordan Z. , Hossain Md Saddam , Sultana Rifat , Wanniarachchi Kevin N. , Wollman Jared W. , Nelson Eric , Specker Bonny L. , Hoppe Adam D. , Lawson Steven R. , Thiex Natalie W. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTThe objective of this longitudinal cohort study was to determine the seroprevalence of antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in healthcare workers employed at healthcare clinics in three rural counties in eastern South Dakota and western Minnesota from May 13, 2020 through December 22, 2020. Three blood draws were performed at five clinical sites and tested for the presence of antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Serum samples were tested for the presence of antibodies using a fluorescent microsphere immunoassay (FMIA), neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Spike-pseudotyped particles (SARS-CoV-2pp) assay, and serum virus neutralization (SVN) assay. The seroprevalence was determined to be 1/336 (0.29%) for samples collected from 5/13/20-7/13/20, 5/260 (1.92%) for samples collected from 8/13/20-9/25/20, and 35/235 (14.89%) for samples collected from 10/16/20-12/22/20. Eight of the 35 (22.8%) seropositive individuals identified in the final draw did not report a previous diagnosis with COVID-19. There was a high correlation (>90%) among the FMIA and virus neutralization assays. Each clinical site’s seroprevalence was higher than the cumulative incidence for the general public in each respective county as reported by state public health agencies. As of December 2020, there was a high percentage (85%) of seronegative individuals in the study population.
Establishing the causal role of intimate partner violence and abuse on depressive symptoms in young adults: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Herbert Annie , Heron Jon , Barnes Maria , Barter Christine , Feder Gene , Meghrawi Khadija , Szilassy Eszter , Fraser Abigail , Howe Laura D 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have shown an association between experience of intimate partner violence and abuse (IPVA) and depression. Whether this is a causal relationship or explained by prior vulnerability that influences the risk of both depression and IPVA is not known.Methods and FindingsWe analysed data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children prospective cohort (N=1,764 women, 1,028 men). To assess the causal association between IPVA at 18-21 years old and logged depressive symptom scores at age 23, we used: i) multivariable linear regression, ii) inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW), and iii) difference-in-difference (DID) analysis, which compared the mean change in logged depressive symptom scores between ages 16 and 23 between those who experienced IPVA and those who did not.Women who experienced IPVA had on average 26% higher depressive symptom score after adjustment for measured confounders (ratio of geometric means 1.26, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.40). In men, the difference was 5% (ratio of geometric means 1.05, 95% CI 0.92 to 1.21). Results from IPTW analysis were similar. In the DID analysis, there was no evidence that being exposed to IPVA affected the change in depressive symptom scores over time compared to being in the non-exposed group for either women (difference-in-differences: 1%, -12% to 16%) or men (−1%, -19% to 20%).ConclusionsMultivariable linear regression and IPTW suggested an association between IPVA and higher depressive symptom score in women but not men, but DID analysis indicated a null effect in both women and men. This suggests the causal origins of higher depressive symptoms in this young adult population are likely to reflect prior vulnerability that leads to both higher depressive symptoms and increased risk of IPVA exposure.Key messagesWomen and, to a lesser degree, men who experience IPVA between the ages of 18-21 years old tend to have higher levels of depressive symptoms at age 23 years than people who do not.In women, the association between IPVA and higher depressive symptoms remained after adjustment for measured confounders or use of inverse probability of treatment weighting, whereas in men, the association attenuated to the null after adjustment for measured confounders or use of inverse probability of treatment weighting.However, the change in depressive symptoms between ages 16 and 23 years was the same in people who experience IPVA and people who did not, for both women and men. This suggests that the higher levels of depressive symptoms in people who experience IPVA is likely to be driven by prior vulnerability that affects the risk of both IPVA exposure and depressive symptoms, highlighting that IPVA is one of a series of challenges being navigated by psychologically vulnerable young adults.
Interventions to treat post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in vulnerably housed populations and trauma-informed care: A scoping review
Authors: Bennett Alexandria , Crosse Kien , Ku Michael , Edgar Nicole E. , Hodgson Amanda , Hatcher Simon 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe goals of this study are to identify and analyse interventions that aim to treat Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD in individuals who are vulnerably housed and to describe how these treatments have been delivered using trauma-informed care.DesignScoping reviewSearch strategyWe searched electronic databases including MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and PTSDpubs for published literature up to March 2020 for any studies that examined the treatment of PTSD in adults who were vulnerably housed. Websites of relevant organizations and other grey literature sources were searched to supplement the electronic database search. The characteristics and effect of the interventions were analyzed. We also explored how the interventions were delivered and the elements of trauma-informed care that were described.Results26 studies were included. We identified four types of interventions: (1) trauma focused psychotherapies; (2) non-trauma psychotherapies; (3) housing interventions; and (4) pharmacotherapies. The trauma-informed interventions were small case series and the non-trauma focused therapies included four randomized controlled trials, were generally ineffective. Of the ten studies which described trauma-informed care the most commonly named elements were physical and emotional safety, the experience of feeling heard and understood, and flexibility of choice. The literature also commented on the difficulty of providing care to this population including lack of private space to deliver therapy; the co-occurrence of substance use; and barriers to follow-up including limited length of stay in different shelters and high staff turnover.ConclusionsThis scoping review identified a lack of high-quality trials to address PTSD in the vulnerably housed. There is a need to conduct well designed trials that take into account the unique setting of this population and which describe those elements of trauma-informed care that are most important and necessary.Strengths and limitations of this studyFirst review of how trauma-informed care is being operationalized in the treatment of PTSD for the vulnerably housed.Provides a clear picture emphasizing the need to consistently utilize a trauma-informed care approach for PTSD treatment in the vulnerably housed.Largely homogenous populations (primarily women and US Veterans) included in studies, may not be representative of broader population.Often no mention of ethnic or cultural factors to consider when providing treatment.Many of the studies available were of low methodological quality.