bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine Learning Algorithms Predict Prolonged Opioid Use in Opioid-Naïve Primary Hip Arthroscopy Patients
Authors: Kunze Kyle N. , Polce Evan M. , Alter Thomas D. , Nho Shane J. 
Published: May 2021

Introduction:
Excessive opioid use after orthopaedic surgery procedures remains a concern because it may result in increased morbidity and imposes a financial burden on the healthcare system. The purpose of this study was to develop machine learning algorithms to predict prolonged opioid use after hip arthroscopy in opioid-naïve patients.

Methods:
A registry of consecutive hip arthroscopy patients treated by a single fellowship-trained surgeon at one large academic and three community hospitals between January 2012 and January 2017 was queried. All patients were opioid-naïve and therefore had no history of opioid use before surgery. The primary outcome was prolonged postoperative opioid use, defined as patients who requested one or more opioid prescription refills postoperatively. Recursive feature elimination was used to identify the combination of variables that optimized model performance from an initial pool of 17 preoperative features. Five machine learning algorithms (stochastic gradient boosting, random forest, support vector machine, neural network, and elastic-net penalized logistic regression) were trained using 10-fold cross-validation five times and applied to an independent testing set of patients. These algorithms were assessed by calibration, discrimination, Brier score, and decision curve analysis.

Results:
A total of 775 patients were included, with 141 (18.2%) requesting and using one or more opioid refills after primary hip arthroscopy. The stochastic gradient boosting model achieved the best performance (c-statistic: 0.75, calibration intercept: −0.02, calibration slope: 0.88, and Brier score: 0.13). The five most important variables in predicting prolonged opioid use were the preoperative modified ones: Harris hip score, age, BMI, preoperative pain level, and worker's compensation status. The final algorithm was incorporated into an open-access web application available here: https://orthoapps.shinyapps.io/HPRG_OpioidUse/.

Conclusions:
Machine learning algorithms demonstrated good performance for predicting prolonged opioid use after hip arthroscopy in opioid-naïve patients. External validation of this algorithm is necessary to confirm the predictive ability and performance before use in clinical settings.
Taxonomy of the New World bee genus Agapostemon Guérin-Méneville – new names and synonymies (Hymenoptera: Halictidae)
Authors: Sheffield Cory S. , Vilhelmsen Lars , Bakker Frederique 
Published: May 2021

Many early taxonomic works on North American bees were published by Europeans using specimens collected in the New World, some with type locations so imprecise that uncertainty on the nomenclatural status remains to this day. Two examples come from Fabricius (1745–1808) who described Andrena virescens Fabricius, 1775 and Apis viridula Fabricius, 1793 from “America” and “Boreal America”, respectively. The former species of Agapostemon Guérin-Méneville, 1844 occurs across most of the United States and southern Canada, the latter presumed an endemic to Cuba. The type materials of these two taxa have never been compared to each other, though a morphology-based phylogenetic analysis placed both in distinct species groups. Here we synonymize Apis viridula under Ag. virescens, thereby making Ag. femoralis (Guérin-Méneville, 1844) available as the name for the Cuban species. A lectotype for Ag. femoralis (the type species for the genus Agapostemon) is hereby designated to stabilize this taxonomy. We also synonymize Ag. obscuratus Cresson, 1869 under Ag. femoralis, suggesting that it represents a dark colour polymorphism. As Ag. cubensis Roberts, 1972 is a junior secondary homonym of Ag. cubensis (Spinola, 1851), we offer Ag. robertsi as a replacement name for the former.
Jægeren, de venlige jaguarer og honningfesten
Authors: Lundager Jensen Hans J. 
Published: May 2021

Engelsk summary: This brief article is an addition to my introduction to Philippe Descola’s theory on ontologies available in this volume of RvT. Inspired by a South American myth about helpful jaguars, I discuss Lévi-Strauss’ miscomprehension of the animist ontology, which paradoxically pervades the Amerindian myths analyzed in detail in his Mythologies and other works. I also propose a reason for this miscomprehension. At the end of the fourth and final volume on Amerindian mythology, The Naked Man, Lévi-Strauss suggested that the multitude of myths must be regarded as variants of one single conception; an irreversible loss of communication between heaven and earth. However, this conclusion appears as an indirect apology for a naturalistic modernity, based on a confusion between animist and analogist ontologies.
DANSK RESUME: Denne mindre artikel ligger i forlængelse af min redegørelse for Descolas ontologi-teori i dette nummer af RvT. Ud fra en overvejelse over en sydamerikansk myte om hjælpsomme jaguarer drøftes Lévi-Strauss’ misforståelse af den animistiske ontologi, som, paradoksalt nok, er massivt til stede i de amerindiske myter der analyseres så indgående i hans Mythologiques og andre steder. Jeg foreslår en årsag til denne miskendelse. I slutningen på det fjerde og sidste bind af Mythologiques, foreslog Lévi-Strauss at se alle de mange myter som variationer over ét og samme tema: et uigenkaldeligt tab af kommunikation imellem himmel og jord. Men denne konklusion forekommer mest at fungere som en indirekte apologi for en naturalistisk modernitet, baseret på en sammenblanding af animistisk og analogistisk ontologi.
L’utilisation des mesures de contention et d’isolement en centre de réadaptation pour jeunes : une revue systématique des facteurs associés
Authors: Poitras Mélanie , Geoffrion Steve 
Published: May 2021

L’utilisation des mesures de contention et d’isolement (MCI) en centre de réadaptation (CR) est controversée, car ces mesures peuvent entraîner des conséquences négatives pour les jeunes les subissant et pour les éducateurs les appliquant. Bien que les MCI soient considérées comme des interventions « exceptionnelles », plusieurs études révèlent que leur utilisation dépasse leur cadre légal d’application. Le premier objectif de cette revue systématique est de présenter au lectorat francophone les facteurs recensés dans la revue systématique de Roy et al. (2019) qui sont associés à l’utilisation des MCI en CR. Cette première revue systématique couvrant la période de 2012 à 2017 présentait un modèle conceptuel à quatre catégories (caractéristiques des jeunes, des éducateurs, l’environnement, des programmes) regroupant les facteurs associés aux MCI. Le deuxième objectif est de mettre à jour la revue systématique de Roy et al. (2019). La présente revue systématique a été réalisée en recherchant dans PubMed, CINAHL, ERIC et PsycNET des articles publiés entre juillet 2017 et décembre 2020. Les mots clés utilisés étaient des synonymes de MCI, jeunesse, et CR. Six études québécoises répondent aux critères d'inclusion et d’exclusion de la revue systématique. Les études confirment huit facteurs présentés dans Roy et al. (2019) et huit nouveaux facteurs ont pu être classés dans les catégories conceptuelles de leur modèle. Ces ajouts remettent en évidence la complexité de l’utilisation des MCI, contribuent à améliorer la compréhension de leur utilisation et peuvent orienter certaines pratiques individuelles et organisationnelles.
Development and Validation of an Emotional Intelligence Test for Medical Students
Authors: Deepa R. , Panicker Anuja S. 
Published: May 2021

Aims: Emotional intelligence is an important ability that has to be fostered among medical professionals. To foster an ability, it has to be assessed. The tests/tools already available are culture-sensitive and context-sensitive. Hence there is a need to develop a test to assess the emotional intelligence abilities of medical students. This paper describes a multiphase study in which an instrument was developed to assess the emotional intelligence of medical students.
Study Design: The study was done in four phases. The first three phases were to develop the instrument and establish its reliability and validity. The fourth phase was to demonstrate the predictive validity of the developed instrument.
Place and Duration of Study: A private teaching hospital in South India; Two years.
Methodology: In the first phase, the emotional challenges of medical students (n =55) were understood to develop the situations for the situational judgment tests. In the second phase, the instrument was developed with 38 items contributing to the constructs of EI. In the third phase, a pilot study was conducted, in which the developed tool was administered on a sample of 150 medical students. The data was used to verify the content validity, construct validity, internal consistency reliability (0.8), and predictive validity. In the fourth phase (n = 102) the test-retest reliability (with a ten-month interval between the tests) and the predictive validity (established by studying the association between EI measured with the tool and the academic performance of respondents) of the purified instrument were studied.
Results: A tool to assess the EI of medical students was developed. The tool demonstrated test-retest reliability (0.6) and predictive validity (r = 0.29; P < .01).
Conclusion: The tool would provide a premise for the development of training programs and their inclusion in the medical curriculum, which in turn would yield medical professionals who can deliver enhanced patient care. The study also showed the impact of EI on the academic achievement of medical students and hence their knowledge and skills will also be improved by including EI in their curriculum.
Acute Post Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis among Children from Sokoto, North-Western Nigeria
Authors: Jiya Fatima Bello , Ibitoye Paul Kehinde , Jiya Nma Muhammed , Abba Mohammed Hassan 
Published: May 2021

Aims: To determine the clinical and laboratory profile of children with acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN) admitted into Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital (UDUTH) Sokoto, the outcome, and factors associated with in-hospital mortality.
Study Design: A 5- year retrospective study.
Place of Study: Emergency Paediatric Unit (EPU) and Paediatric Medical Ward (PMW) of the Department of Paediatrics, UDUTH Sokoto.
Methodology: The records of children aged 4 to 14 years with the diagnosis of APSGN were reviewed. Relevant history, physical examination findings, laboratory and radiologic investigation findings were extracted from their case folders and recorded into a proforma sheet. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 23. (IBM SPSS Inc., USA). The level of statistical significance was set at 5%, which is p-value < 0.05.
Results: Fifty-four (0.9%) of the 6128 children were managed for APSGN giving a prevalence of 10.8 APSGN cases per 1000 children. Forty-one folders were utilized for the study. There were 21(51.2%) females and 20(48.8%) males, with F:M ratio of 1.1:1. Mean age at presentation was 9.1± 3.1 years. Majority (92.6%) were ≥5 years and mainly 22(53.7%) of low socio-economic status. The main features were body swelling 40(97.6%), fever 25(61.0%), oliguria 24(58.5%), systemic hypertension 37(90.2%), proteinuria 41(100.0%), and haematuria 41(100.0%). Acute kidney injury was the commonest 25(61.0%) complication. Thirty (73.2%) cases were discharged, 5 (12.2%) died, 6(14.6%) left against medical advice. Low social status (0.03), requirement for dialysis (p=0.003), congestive cardiac failure (p=0.01), and pulmonary oedema (p=0.04) were significantly associated with in-hospital mortality. Requirement for dialysis (p=0.005) was the independent predictor of in-hospital mortality. At three months post discharge, 20(48.8%) of the 31 cases had achieved complete resolution of APSGN.
Conclusion: APSGN is common in Sokoto and similar in pattern to other reports from Nigeria. The presence of complications at presentation increases the risk of in-hospital mortality.
Assessing the Association between the Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR) 677C->T Polymorphism on Blood Folate Concentrations: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Trials and Observational Studies
Authors: Tsang Becky , Cordero Amy , Marchetta Claire , Mulinare Joseph , Mersereau Patricia , Guo Jing , Qi Yan Ping , Berry R. J. , Rosenthal Jorge , Crider Krista 
Published: May 2021

Objectives: The methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677C->T polymorphism is a risk factor for neural tube birth defects (NTDs). The T allele produces an enzyme with reduced folate processing capacity, which has been shown to produce lower blood folate concentrations in some studies. Our objective was to assess the association between MTHFR C677T genotypes (CC, CT, TT) and blood folate concentrations among women aged 12-49 years.
Methods: We conducted a systematic review of literature published between 1/1992-7/2013 to identify controlled trials and observational studies that reported serum, plasma, or red blood cell (RBC) folate concentrations and MTHFR C677T genotype. We applied a Bayesian random-effects model to predict differences in blood folate concentrations between MTHFR C677T genotypes, stratified by folate assay.
Results: Thirty-eight studies met criteria for inclusion. Serum/plasma folate concentrations showed a consistent genotype trend with the highest concentrations for CC (CC > CT > TT) regardless of assay type. RBC folate concentrations measured by microbiologic assay also demonstrated this trend; however, this trend was reversed (CC < CT < TT) in studies using protein-binding assays.
Conclusions: Meta-analyses results showed blood folate concentrations differed by assay type and genotype. Previous evidence has shown that RBC folate concentrations measured with a radioimmunoassay requires adjustment for genotype-dependent folate recovery; our results suggest that other protein-binding assays could have similar limitations. Compared to CC individuals, TT individuals have lower blood folate concentrations, which may increase a woman's risk for an NTD-affected pregnancy.
Effects of Locally Produced and Consumed Vegetables on Anthropometric Indices and Micronutrient Intakes of Preschoolers in Vegetables Home Garden Households in Owerri Municipality
Authors: Onyemaechi C. O. Asinobi Chinagorom , Nkiru Oly-Alawuba 
Published: May 2021

Objective: To assess the effect of vegetable home garden on anthropometric indices and micronutrient intakes of preschoolers in households producing and consuming vegetables in Owerri Municipality.
Methodology: Anthropometric measurements of 90 preschoolers aged 4 months- 60months were taken from 76 vegetables home garden households (VHGH) and 52 preschoolers from 39 non vegetable home garden households (NVHGH). Growth deviations from median, percentage prevalence and severities of under nutrition were calculated bases on the National Centre for Health Statistics (NCHS) reference. Also calculated were mean daily food nutrient intakes and adequacy ratios using food composition table.
Associations between anthropometric indicators of the preschoolers and levels of micronutrient intakes were assessed. Significance of differences was determined by Chi-Square and students t-test.
Results: On average the nutrient adequacy ratios of both males and females were lower than requirements in iron, riboflavin, and niacin in both households. However, the growth deviations of the preschoolers were above median - <2SD but higher in preschoolers in VHGH than their counterparts. The differences in the growth deviations were significant and highest in the age group 48 – 60months in both households but higher in VHGH than in NVHGH. There were significant associations between the anthropometric indices of the preschoolers and the levels of micronutrient intakes in VHGH.
Conclusions: Preschoolers in VHGH that produced and consumed home produced vegetables had better anthropometric indices and micronutrient intakes than their counterparts. Vegetables home garden practices in urban areas should be encouraged to alleviate the problem of micronutrient deficiencies in preschoolers.
Improving the Accuracy of Iodization of the Dietary Salt Supplies of Populations
Authors: Jooste Pieter , Haar Frits Van Der 
Published: May 2021

Objectives: The mandate of this working group was to assess the importance of salt iodine quality in successful IDD prevention and control. Examine the role of salt iodine content in quality assurance, inspection, surveillance, and coalition oversight of IDD programs.
Methods: Scientific literature, technical reports and a range of data and information sources were reviewed to determine whether accurate salt iodization was making a critical contribution toward safe and successful IDD programs.
Results: Evidence and examples were collected on salt iodine data in quality assurance of iodization by salt industry, assessments of iodized salt quality by inspectors in factories and markets, surveillance of USI strategies and dietary iodine supplies by program managers, and in provision of coalition oversight by high-level officials.
Conclusions: Because salt iodization is a supply-based strategy, reliable accuracy at the source is most critical. It is therefore vital that each salt factory should adopt a quality management system, with standard operating procedures at least for the manufacturing and packaging of iodized salt. Titration is preferred but other quantitative methods with e.g. the WYD Checker, i-Reader or Bioanalyt can also yield accurate data. Improved accuracy down the supply chain is desirable, especially in surveillance, but commonly points to the need for ensured accuracy at the source when quality failures are discovered. The need remains for an agreed approach to obtain reliable data of the use of iodized salt in the food manufacturing industry.
Seroprevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Type 1 in Donors of the National Blood Transfusion Center of Libreville (Gabon)
Authors: Mangala Christian , Nkoa Therese , Maulot-Bangola Denis , Codjo Franck Vivien Vigan , Fokam Joseph 
Published: May 2021

Background: Transmission of HIV through blood transfusion remains a public health problem, particularly in countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. However, no study has determined the epidemiological data regarding HIV-1 infection in Gabonese blood donors. The objective of this study is to assess the seroprevalence of HIV-1 and the risk factors associated with infection in donors from the National Blood Transfusion Center in Libreville (Gabon).
Methods: A cross-sectional study carried out from June to August 2020 in 3669 persons donating blood at the National Blood Transfusion Center (NBTC). The ELISA technique (Evolis®, BioRad), the chemiluminescence technique (Cobas® e601, Roche), and the SD Bioline® HIV 1/2 test (Standard Diagnostics. Inc) were used for the detection of anti-HIV-1/2 antibodies and P24 antigen in donor plasma. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 21.0, with p˂.05 considered statistically significant.
Results: The seropositivity rate HIV-1 was 0.8% (30/3669) (95% CI: 0.5; 1.1). The study was composed of 79.4% men and 20.6% women. The most representative age group was of 25-34 years with 54.5%. The seropositivity of men, women, and unrelated voluntary donors was 0.7%, 1.2%, and 1.0%, respectively. The risk factors such as the first blood donation (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 0.1 [0.0 ;0.4], P= .002), multiple sexual partners (AOR = 6.2 [2.2;17.2], P= .001), primary educational level (AOR = 10.1 [1.4;75], P = .024), and dental care (AOR = 3.6 [1.2;11], P = .024) were significantly associated with HIV infection. About 0.14% of the patients had co-infection.
Conclusion: In the Gabonese context, about one out of a hundred blood donors are HIV-infected. These carriers of HIV infection in the blood banks are mainly new donors with multiple sexual partners, limited education, and poor dental care.
Polyphenols Content and Antioxidant Activity of Bilberry Juice Obtained from Different Altitude Samples
Authors: Papanov Stoyan I. , Petkova Ekaterina G. , Ivanov Ivan G. 
Published: May 2021

There are about 30 different types of blueberries. In Bulgaria, there are 4 species of genus Vaccinium - red (vitis-idaea), black (myrtillus), blue (uliginosum) and Caucasian (arctostaphylos). Bilberries are a source of carotene, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, vitamin D, manganese, soluble and insoluble fibres like pectin. Blueberries contain significant amounts of anthocyanidins, antioxidants and ellagic acid. The main wealth of blueberries are the antioxidants that bind free radicals and thus prevent malignant tumors. This is why blueberry is an excellent remedy for oncology.
Objective of study was to investigate the content of total polyphenols, antioxidant activity and total anthocyanins of bilberry depending on altitude.
Systematic approach and critical analysis of the available scientific periodicals and DPPH method for determining the antioxidant activity (radical trapping activity).
It has been established a direct relationship between altitude and antioxidant activity. In the range of 900 to 1450 m the relationship between altitude and total anthocyanins is inversely proportional. After 1500 m, the dependency becomes proportional. There is no correlation between pH, total polyphenols and titratable acidity.
Automation and integration of a novel restricted single‐isocenter stereotactic body radiotherapy (a‐RESIST) method for synchronous two lung lesions
Authors: Critchfield Lana Sanford , Visak Justin , Bernard Mark E , Randall Marcus E , McGarry Ronald C , Pokhrel Damodar 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSynchronous treatment of two lung lesions using a single‐isocenter volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) plan can decrease treatment time and reduce the impact of intrafraction motion. However, alignment of both lesions on a single cone beam CT (CBCT) can prove difficult and may lead to setup errors and unacceptable target coverage loss. A Restricted Single‐Isocenter Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (RESIST) method was created to minimize setup uncertainties and provide treatment delivery flexibility. RESIST utilizes a single‐isocenter placed at patient’s midline and allows both lesions to be planned separately but treated in the same session. Herein is described a process of automation of this novel RESIST method. Automation of RESIST significantly reduced treatment planning time while maintaining the benefits of RESIST. To demonstrate feasibility, ten patients with two lung lesions previously treated with a single‐isocenter clinical VMAT plan were replanned manually with RESIST (m‐RESIST) and with automated RESIST (a‐RESIST). a‐RESIST method automatically sets isocenter, creates beam geometry, chooses appropriate dose calculation algorithms, and performs VMAT optimization using an in‐house trained knowledge‐based planning model for lung SBRT. Both m‐RESIST and a‐RESIST showed lower dose to normal tissues compared to manually planned clinical VMAT although a‐RESIST provided slightly inferior, but still clinically acceptable, dose conformity and gradient indices. However, a‐RESIST significantly reduced the treatment planning time to less than 20 min and provided a higher dose to the lung tumors. The a‐RESIST method provides guidance for inexperienced planners by standardizing beam geometry and plan optimization using DVH estimates. It produces clinically acceptable two lesions VMAT lung SBRT plans efficiently. We have further validated a‐RESIST on phantom measurement and independent pretreatment dose verification of another four selected 2‐lesions lung SBRT patients and implemented clinically. Further development of a‐RESIST for more than two lung lesions and refining this approach for extracranial oligometastastic abdominal/pelvic SBRT, including development of automated simulated collision detection algorithm, merits future investigation.