bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NeuriteNet: A Convolutional Neural Network for determining morphological differences in neurite growth
Authors: Vecchi Joseph , Mullan Sean , Lopez Josue , Hansen Marlan R. , Sonka Milan , Lee Amy 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundDuring development or regeneration, neurons extend processes (i.e., neurites) via mechanisms that can be readily analyzed in culture. However, defining the impact of a drug or genetic manipulation on such mechanisms can be challenging due to the complex arborization and heterogeneous patterns of neurite growthin vitro.New MethodNeuriteNet is a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) sorting model that uses a novel adaptation of the XRAI saliency map overlay, which is a region-based attribution method. NeuriteNet compares neuronal populations based on differences in neurite growth patterns, sorts them into respective groups, and overlays a saliency map indicating which areas differentiated the image for the sorting procedure.ResultsIn this study, we demonstrate that NeuriteNet effectively sorts images corresponding to dissociated neurons into control and treatment groups according to known morphological differences. Furthermore, the saliency map overlay highlights the distinguishing features of the neuron when sorting the images into treatment groups. NeuriteNet also identifies novel morphological differences in neurites of neurons cultured from control and genetically modified mouse strains.Comparison with Existing MethodsUnlike other neurite analysis platforms, NeuriteNet does not require manual manipulations, such as segmentation of neurites prior to analysis, and is more accurate than experienced researchers for categorizing neurons according to their pattern of neurite growth.ConclusionsNeuriteNet can be used to effectively screen for morphological differences in a heterogeneous group of neurons and to provide feedback on the key features distinguishing those groups via the saliency map overlay.HighlightsNeuriteNet is a machine learning model developed to identify differences in control and experimental groups of cultured neurons based on morphological criteria.NeuriteNet’s saliency map highlights the features of the image that associate the neuron with a particular group.NeuriteNet outperforms trained researchers in assigning neurons to control or experimental groups with a known morphological difference as well as those with no previously described difference.
DiaThor: R package for computing diatom metrics and biotic indices
Authors: Nicolosi Gelis M.M. , Sathicq M.B. , Jupke J. , Cochero J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDiatoms are widely used to detect changes in water quality due to their specific sensibility to a variety of environmental conditions. Among the different diatom-based tools to measure water quality, the biotic indices, ecological and morphological traits are the most commonly used.DiaThor, contains 18 functions that provide morphological data of the samples (number and shape of chloroplasts, total biovolume), ecological data (species richness, evenness, diversity, size classes, ecological guilds, ecological preferences) and biotic indices (Descy Index, EPID Index, Indice Diatomique Artois-Picardie, Swiss Diatom Index, Pampean Diatom Index, ILM index, Specific Pollution sensitivity Index, Lobo Index, Sládecek index, SPEARherbicidesindex and the Trophic index). A web application (in Shiny) was also developed to provide access to the package for those users not familiar with the R environment.The structure of the package, how it functions and the structure of the input and output data are explained. To demonstrate the most common use ofDiaThor, an example of the package performance is also provided.TheDiaThorpackage aims to contribute to the water quality assessment based on diatom assemblages, while also providing researchers with an open platform to suggest new statistics and functionalities to be integrated into future builds.
A holistic model for Global Industry 4.0 readiness assessment
Authors: Tripathi Shubham , Gupta Manish 
Published: March 2021

PurposeTransformation to Industry 4.0 has become crucial for nations, and a coherent transformation strategy requires a comprehensive picture of current status and future vision. This study presents a comprehensive model for readiness assessment of nations based on rigorous analysis of several global indices and academic Industry 4.0 literature.Design/methodology/approachA holistic approach is taken considering overall socioeconomic development along with industrial innovation and seven readiness dimensions: enabling environment, human resource, infrastructure, ecological sustainability, innovation capability, cybersecurity and consumers. The indicators used for evaluation are standard metrics for which data are collected from reputed sources such as World Bank, United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), World Economic Forum (WEF) and International Organization for Standardization (ISO), and hence internationally acceptable.FindingsThe formulated model is used to evaluate Industry 4.0 readiness of 126 economies that account for 98.25% of world’s gross national income. Observations show poor scores of most economies on innovation capability and cybersecurity dimension as compared to other 5 dimensions. In 75% countries, I4.0 readiness score is below 0.5 on a scale of 0–1(completely ready), highest being 0.65 for Denmark.Originality/valueA systematic literature review revealed lack of assessment models discussing a nation's current status or readiness for Industry 4.0. This academic study is first of its kind.
Automatic recognition and 3D modeling of the neck-shoulder human shape based on 2D images
Authors: Wang Ting , Gu Bingfei 
Published: March 2021

PurposeThis study focused on how to realize automatic recognition of young women's neck-shoulder shape based on the front and side images.Design/methodology/approachThe reverse engineering software was used to measure the body sizes of the neck-shoulder part based on the young women's three-dimensional (3D) point cloud data, and the important parameters closely related to the neck-shoulder shape were determined. The neck-shoulder shape of the subjects was classified to establish the classification rules. Then, based on the front and side images, the human body contour was extracted by Matlab, and the data required for neck-shoulder shape classification were obtained by identifying the feature points.FindingsThrough the cluster analysis based on the shoulder angle, back angle, shoulder depth/width ratio and armpit depth/width ratio, young women's neck-shoulder shape was divided into four categories, namely round wide shoulder, flat narrow shoulder, round drop shoulder and hunchback flat shoulder. The neck-shoulder shape could be automatically recognized based on the established classification rules and two-dimensional (2D) body measurement method, with an accuracy rate of 90%. The neck-shoulder shape automatic recognition system constructed based on this method is effective.Originality/valueThis study proposed a simple neck-shoulder automatic recognition method based on the 2D body images. This approach can be extended to other group of human body or other parts of the body.
Entrepreneurial orientation during adversity: differences across ownership categories
Authors: Mondal Arindam , Chakrabarti Amit Baran 
Published: March 2021

PurposeThis study seeks to highlight the dynamic nature of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) by investigating how firms respond to adversity, i.e. performance below aspiration levels through pertinent changes in EO, and if some of these changes can be accounted for based on the ownership of the firm.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopts a multiple regression using an ordinary least square methodology on a sample of 13,333 Indian firms within the period 2005–2016 to test its hypothesis.FindingsThis research sheds light on performance feedback as an antecedent to EO as also on the effect of ownership moderating this relationship, with diversity in resource configuration and governance arrangement being the key drivers.Research limitations/implicationsThis is a single country study; hence, there is a possibility of a country-specific bias. This study uses a secondary measure of EO and thus is unable to capture the entrepreneurial intentions and opinions of managers.Practical implicationsThe study establishes a nuanced understanding of how ownership impacts the entrepreneurial behaviour of firms during times of adversity.Social implicationsThis study may help policymakers draft appropriate policy interventions for firms at the time of adversity, so that they can improve their entrepreneurial spree.Originality/valueThis rare study from an emerging market establishes performance feedback as an important antecedent of EO. It further highlights the vital role of ownership in supporting/constraining EO.
Measuring the efficiency of the healthcare sector in Poland – a window-DEA evaluation
Authors: Miszczynska Katarzyna , Miszczyński Piotr Marek 
Published: March 2021

PurposeThe main aim of the study was to measure and assess the efficiency of the healthcare system in Poland.Design/methodology/approachAn output-oriented Data Envelopment Analysis model with a 2-years window analysis extension was used between 2013 and 2018. The analysis was completed with a determination of the sources of productivity changes (between the first and last year of the study period) and factors that influence efficiency.FindingsEfficient regions have been identified and the spatial diversity in their efficiency was confirmed. The study identified individual efficiency trends together with “all-windows” best and worst performers. Using panel modeling, it was confirmed that the efficiency of health protection is influenced by, among others, accreditation certificates, the length of the waiting list or the number of medical personnel.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough the analysis was conducted at the voivodeship level (NUTS2), which was fully justified, it would be equally important to analyze data with a lower aggregation level. It would be extremely valuable from the perspective of difficulties faced by the healthcare system in Poland.Practical implicationsThe identification of areas and problems affecting the efficiency of the healthcare system in Poland may also be a hint for other countries with similar system solutions that also struggle with the same problems.Originality/valueThe paper explains the efficiency of the country's healthcare system while also paying attention to changes in its level, factors influencing it, spatial diversity and impact on the sector functioning.
Performance measure of maintenance practices for F-16 fighter jets by data envelopment analysis
Authors: Hur Mansik , Joo Seong-Jong , Cho Jaeyoung 
Published: March 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to provide the benchmarking guideline to improve managing maintenance man-hour in producing sorties of fighter jet aircraft in the Korean Air Force by measuring relative efficiency of aircraft in a fleet.Design/methodology/approachUsing actual operational data from 2014 to 2018, this paper measures the relative efficiencies of aircraft by data envelopment analysis (DEA) model. To analyze the efficiencies across different operational units and among aircraft with different attributes, non-parametric statistical techniques and tobit regression are employed.FindingsThe overall management of maintenance man-hour turns out to be 63.2% efficient compared to the best practice. Operational unit possessing aircraft with different configurations shows the poorest performance implying efficiency depends on the complexity of job processes. Identification of aircraft on the best-practice frontier indicates the efficiency is closely related with the reliability of components and the age of aircraft.Practical implicationsPerformance of aircraft maintenance has a tremendous impact on military readiness, utilization of work force, and the quality and safety of flight operations. This study confirmed there exists plenty of room for performance enhancement and presents a reference to find a balance in the performances of maintenance practices across different installations as well as among different types of aircraft.Originality/valueApplication of DEA to engineering systems has been limited in literature, especially in military operations. Thus, this study presents meaningful guidelines to which fleet manager can refer to when establishing strategic maintenance plans to balance the utilization of manpower.
From fun-lovers to institutionalists: uncovering pluralism in IT occupational culture
Authors: Cranefield Jocelyn , Gordon Mary Ellen , Palvia Prashant , Serenko Alexander , Jacks Tim 
Published: March 2021

PurposeThe study aims to explore whether there is diversity of occupational culture among IT workers. Prior work conceptualizes IT occupational culture (ITOC) as based around six distinctive values (ASPIRE) but has not explored whether there is variation in ITOC.Design/methodology/approachSurvey data from 496 New Zealand IT workers was used to create factors representing IT occupational values based on the ASPIRE tool. Hierarchical cluster analysis and discriminant analysis were applied to identify distinctive segments of ITOC.FindingsFour ITOC segments were identified: fun-lovers, innovators, independents and institutionalists. These differed in the relative emphasis ascribed to the ITOC values with each segment being distinguished by 1–2 dominant values. Segment membership varied according to level of responsibility and birth country. Institutionalists and innovators had higher concern about organizational and IT issues than fun-lovers and independents. Job satisfaction was lowest among innovators and highest along institutionalists.Research limitations/implicationsThis study challenges the concept of a unified ITOC, suggesting that ITOC is pluralistic. It also theorizes about interactions between ITOC, individual motivation and values and national culture.Practical implicationsManagement needs to be cognizant of the fact that IT occupational culture is not homogeneous and different IT occupational segments require unique management approaches, and that their own values may not match those of others in IT work. By understanding ITOC segments, managers can tailor support, assign tasks appropriately and design teams to optimize synergies and avoid conflict.Originality/valueThis study reveals the existence of ITOC segments and theorizes about the relationship of these to innovation-orientation, job satisfaction, individual motivation, work styles and national culture. The combination of cluster and discriminant analysis is a valuable replicable inductive method that is underrepresented in Information Systems (IS) research.
Museum engagement visits with a universal game-based blended museum learning service for different age groups
Authors: Hsu Tien-Yu , Liang Hsin-Yi 
Published: March 2021

PurposeThis study develops a universal game-based blended museum learning service (UGBMLS) to engage museum visitors of different ages and promote their return visits. This study aims to provide a single service with flexible learning content matching the diverse needs and preferences for different ages. The contextual influences are considered to promote participatory experiences and meaningful social interactions. An experiment is conducted herein to understand how visitors of different ages experience the museum's services as well as to address the design issues in aiming to satisfy the different age groups' needs.Design/methodology/approachA UGBMLS, which includes a real-world adventure game system with flexible learning content and various types of learning support, was provided for different age groups. To investigate how the visitors of different ages evaluate their experiences with the UGBMLS, a mixed-method study was conducted. In total, two questionnaires were employed to examine the visitors' museum experiences and subjective measurements of cognitive load. In addition, observation and group interviews were used to explain the quantitative results.FindingsThe results show that the UGBMLS can engage diverse visitors of different ages in museum visits and promote their revisit motivations. However, there are significant differences among different age groups. The design issues in seeking to satisfy the diverse needs of different age groups are noted.Practical implicationsThis study provides a feasible and cost-effective approach to support diverse visitors of different ages learning in museums.Originality/valueThis study provides an effective solution for engaging diverse visitors of different ages with a unified service. The results can be used to better understand the needs of different age groups and to effectively improve their museum experiences, thereby boosting their motivation regarding return visits. This study provides a feasible and cost-effective approach to support diverse visitors' learning in museums.
IPO underpricing and long-term performance in China: the perspective of price limit policy
Authors: Wang Yuxin , Wang Guanying 
Published: March 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore how the price limit policy implemented in 2014 affects initial public offering (IPO) underpricing and long-term performance in China.Design/methodology/approachThe data are the IPOs from Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE) and Shenzhen Stock Exchange (SZSE) between 2004 and 2018. The data are firstly divided into the IPOs before the price limit policy and the IPOs after the price limit policy according to the time of issuance. Then the two groups are divided into 4 subsamples according to the market blocks and the P/E ratio. The authors use multiple regression models to explore the effect of price limit policy in each subsample.FindingsThe first-day price limit system for IPOs is similar to the upward fuse mechanism, the purpose of which is to suppress IPO underpricing. However, this study finds that the policy does not suppress IPO underpricing, but increases the underpricing rate in all subsamples. Besides, the long-term performance in each subsample is different from each other. Main Board stocks’ long-term performance is worse after the policy. The policy makes Small and Medium Enterprise Board (SME Board) and Growth Enterprise Market Board (GEM Board) stocks with high P/E ratios perform better in the long term. For SME Board and GEM Board stocks with low P/E ratios, the policy makes no significant effect.Practical implicationsGood policy intentions may sometimes lead to counterproductive effects. However, since the long-term performance of each subsample is different, it is difficult to judge whether the policy should continue to be implemented or cancelled. Implementing different policies for different subsamples may be a better way to solve this problem.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the study of IPO underpricing and long-term performance from the perspective of price limit policy.
An empirical investigation on the impact of capital structure on firm performance: evidence from Malaysia
Authors: Ayaz Muhammad , Mohamed Zabri Shafie , Ahmad Kamilah 
Published: March 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the relationships between leverage and firm’s performance in Malaysia by framing the relationship under the tradeoff theory and agency cost theory.Design/methodology/approachBased on insights drawn from the existing literature, we opted for fixed effects and system two-steps GMM models to establish the hypothesized relationship between leverage and performance. We analyzed 528 nonfinancial firms listed on the Bursa Malaysia Stock exchange for the period of 12 years (2005–2016).FindingsThe outcomes show that the leverage ratio improves the firm performance, consistent with leverage serving as an effective strategy in constraining managers from building their personal empire, revealing a proportionately greater benefit for Malaysian firms than the cost to debt financing. The authors also find that a positive relationship between leverage and firm performance switch to the negative when the level of leverage reaches beyond the optimal level. Consequently, switching from positive to negative indicates that debt has a twofold (nonlinear) impact on firm performance.Practical implicationsOur research provides several implications to potential stakeholders. For investors, firms having lower leverage ratios could achieve superior performance, thus investing in corporations pursuing higher performance. Managers should therefore strive for achieving higher performance to meet the needs of investors and shareholders. From the researcher’s perspective, our research suggests the need to go away from the searching linear association between leverage and firm performance and the relevance of nonlinear correlation. Moreover, our research can help managers to understand how their lender relates to their debt to assets ratios. Thus, they can design an optimal level of leverage that not only improves the firm’s performance but also reduce the associated costs.Originality/valueTo the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the initial attempt in the context of Malaysia that documents evidence indicating that the lower leverage is likely to create value for shareholders while a higher debt ratio reduces firm profitability.
Alleviating state boredom through search for meaning and affirmation of workplace heroes
Authors: Dharani Babar , Giannaros Margaux , April Kurt 
Published: March 2021

Purpose
Employee boredom is of concern to organizations because of its impact on employees’ quality of work life and productivity. This study aims to test the regulation of workplace boredom through meaning in life by workplace heroes to contribute to theory by examining the relationships between the variables and to practice by uncovering the potential of workplace heroes in alleviating state boredom.

Design/methodology/approach
Using online surveys and structured interviews for a mixed-method study, data were collected for state boredom, meaning in life and hero affirmation at work for a quantitative study, and data from the open-ended questions provided further insights regarding hero affirmation at work for a qualitative study.

Findings
Spearman rank-order correlations concluded correlations between state boredom and meaning in life. However, unlike personal heroes that influence meaning in life, workplace heroes were found not to. The qualitative analysis revealed three prime differences between workplace and personal heroes: proximity, symbolic representation of ideologies and qualities admired in the heroes. These reasons entailed that state boredom was not regulated by workplace heroes.

Originality/value
The model of Coughlan et al. (2019) explored trait boredom regulation through meaning in life by personal heroes. This study tested for the regulation of state boredom through meaning in life by workplace heroes; thus, contributing to theory through a nuanced model with enhanced usefulness in practice. The study also further dissects the concept of heroes by uncovering differences between workplace and personal heroes that perpetrated the differences in the findings.