bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
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Authors: Zendonadi dos Santos Nícolas , Piepho Hans‐Peter , Condorelli Giuseppe Emanuele , Licieri Groli Eder , Newcomb Maria , Ward Richard , Tuberosa Roberto , Maccaferri Marco , Fiorani Fabio , Rascher Uwe , Muller Onno 
Published: August 2021

The cover image is based on the Original Article High‐throughput field phenotyping reveals genetic variation in photosynthetic traits in durum wheat under drought by Nícolas Zendonadi dos Santos et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.14136.image
Hypothermia cannot ameliorate renal fibrosis after asphyxia in the newborn piglet
Authors: Wakabayashi Takayuki , Nakamura Shinji , Nakao Yasuhiro , Yamato Satoshi , Htun Yinmon , Mitsuie Tsutomu , Morimoto Aya , Arioka Makoto , Koyano Kosuke , Konishi Yukihiko , Miki Takanori , Ueno Masaki , Kusaka Takashi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe effects of therapeutic hypothermia (TH) on renal function are not widely reported, especially in longer term animal models. The hypothesis of this study was that TH of the kidneys of hypoxic–ischemic newborn piglets would reduce pathological renal fibrosis.MethodsTwenty‐five newborn piglets obtained within 24 h of birth were classified into a control group (n = 5), an hypoxic insult with normothermia (HI‐NT) group (n = 12), and an hypoxic insult with TH (HI‐TH) group (33.5 °C ± 0.5 °C for 24 h; n = 8). Five days after the insult, all piglets were sacrificed under deep anesthesia by isoflurane inhalation. The kidneys were perfused with phosphate‐buffered paraformaldehyde and immersed in formalin buffer. Territory fibrosis was studied and scored in the renal medulla using Azan staining.ResultsFibrosis area scores (means ± standard deviations) based on Azan staining were 1.00 ± 0.46 in the control group, 2.85 ± 0.93 in the HI‐NT group, and 3.58 ± 1.14 in the HI‐TH group. The fibrosis area of the HI‐NT and HI‐TH groups was larger than that of the control. The HI‐NT and HI‐TH groups were not statistically different.ConclusionsRenal fibrosis is affected by perinatal asphyxia and cannot be prevented by TH, based on histopathological findings.
Ice‐Ice disease: An environmentally and microbiologically driven syndrome in tropical seaweed aquaculture
Authors: Ward Georgia M. , Kambey Cicilia S. B. , Faisan Joseph P. , Tan Pui‐Ling , Daumich Caroline C. , Matoju Ivy , Stentiford Grant D. , Bass David , Lim Phaik‐Eem , Brodie Juliet , Poong Sze‐Wan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSeaweeds account for nearly 30% of global aquaculture production by volume, and their cultivation provides important opportunities for employment and wealth generation, particularly in rural coastal communities. Eucheumatoids (KappaphycusandEucheumaspp.) are tropical red algae commercially cultivated as raw material for production of carrageenans, particularly in South‐East Asia and the Western Indian Ocean region. Diseases and pests are major limiting factors in eucheumatoid production, particularly a condition known as ‘ice‐ice’ disease (IID). IID is characterized by bleaching of the thallus followed by the disintegration of affected tissues, leading to a loss of biomass and reduced carrageenan yield. IID has been associated with unfavourable changes in environmental conditions, particularly an increase in sea water temperature and a decrease in salinity, and infection by opportunistic or pathogenic bacteria. However, given that no single or combined causal agents have been definitely identified, IID may be considered a complex pathobiotic syndrome in which multiple factors contribute to the development of disease signs. Here, we review current knowledge of the abiotic and biotic factors associated with the development of IID, and the strategies employed to mitigate economic losses resulting from disease outbreaks. We discuss syndromic diseases in other marine holobionts, particularly other red algae and corals, in relation to their similarity to IID, and suggest the application of comprehensive and complementary methodologies, including high‐throughput sequencing and high‐quality microscopy, for enhancing our understanding of the pathological and microbiological processes associated with IID signs.
The loss of seed mussels in longline aquaculture
Authors: South Paul M. , Delorme Natalí J. , Skelton Bradley M. , Floerl Oliver , Jeffs Andrew G. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe substantial loss of seed mussels during the early stages of longline aquaculture—often exceeding 95%—is a major issue that erodes the security and profitability of production while limiting the sustainable expansion of this industry in many parts of the world. There are many biological, environmental and procedural factors that potentially cause seed losses. The present understanding of these factors is highly limited, based on disparate lines of evidence and constrained by the challenges associated with quantifying the fate of minute organisms in the field. Addressing these knowledge gaps is a prerequisite for meeting the growing global demand for farmed seafood and requires significant and coherent research. We identify the diverse range of potential drivers of seed loss in mussel aquaculture and review existing knowledge around these factors to identify critical knowledge gaps and research priorities. Losses appear to be caused by a complex suite of interacting factors that include stress during transfer between regions, underlying variations in seed condition, change in the farm environment, predation, competition from biofouling organisms and migratory behaviour of seed mussels. Solutions to the losses of mussel seed in commercial culture are mostly likely to be achieved through research directed at evaluating a range of practical interventions during the critical phase of nursery culture of mussel seed.
Does restoring native forest restore ecosystem functioning? Evidence from a large‐scale reforestation project in the Scottish Highlands
Authors: Warner Emily , Lewis Owen T. , Brown Nick , Green Rowan , McDonnell Alan , Gilbert Doug , Hector Andy 
Published: August 2021

Given the worldwide plans for extensive tree planting, we urgently need to understand how and where implementation will contribute to goals such as those for carbon sequestration. We used a long‐term, large‐scale native reforestation project in the Scottish Highlands to assess the response of carbon storage and other ecosystem functions to reforestation and grazing exclusion. We measured aboveground carbon, topsoil carbon, topsoil nitrogen, decomposition rates, soil invertebrate feeding activity, tree regeneration, and ground‐layer and moss height at 14 sites that are in the early stages of reforestation and fenced to exclude grazing. Reforestation areas were compared to unforested and mature forest areas that are both grazed and ungrazed, using 10 × 10 m plots. Aboveground carbon in the reforestation plots (1.4 kg/m2 [95% CI: 0.6, 2.6], average age 20 years since reforestation) was c. 8% of the mature forest plots (17.1 kg/m2 [13.1, 21.8]). Topsoil carbon was lower in the reforestation plots (18.78 kg/m2 [11.79, 25.78]) than in the unforested (29.82 kg/m2 [24.34, 35.29]) or mature forest (31.39 kg/m2 [22.91, 39.88]) plots. Responses of other functions to the reforestation and grazing interventions varied. Our results suggest that reforestation may trigger carbon loss from areas with high initial soil carbon even with low disturbance establishment, at least in the short term. Our work emphasizes where we lack knowledge: on the potential for long‐term re‐accumulation of soil carbon under semi‐natural native reforestation, soil carbon sequestration in the deeper soil layers, and the response of soil carbon to natural regeneration.
Risk Researchers’ Views About the Goal of Trying to Ensure Policymakers Consider Scientific Evidence
Authors: Besley John C. , Schweizer Pia‐Johanna 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA survey of members of a scientific society focused on risk analysis suggests substantial support for seeing their scientific society pursue the communication goal of “trying to ensure that policymakers consider scientific evidence.” Support for pursuing this goal was largely predicted by researchers’ beliefs that it was ethical for the society to pursue the goal, that it would be satisfying to see their society pursue the goal, and the belief that the society could have a positive impact on society by pursuing the goal. Normative beliefs about pursuing the goal and organizational efficacy beliefs were not good predictors of goal support. Goal support was measured using a direct measure of perceived goal importance as well as measures focused on the degree to which respondents wanted their society to put resources into providing members with opportunities to pursue the goal and the amount of funding that members thought the society should devote to pursuing the goal. The theory underlying the work argues that we can treat science communicators’ choices about communication goals, objectives, and tactics as “planned behaviors” and thus study them using traditional behavior change models.
Variation in the labour market rewards to vocational qualifications in the UK
Authors: McIntosh Steven , Morris Damon 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe use UK Labour Force Survey data to estimate wage differentials associated with the attainment of vocational qualifications, relative to comparison groups qualified to at best one level below. Our main aim is to show the variation in the size of such differentials, according to the unobserved characteristics of the individual, via quantile regression and also according to the characteristics of the qualifications themselves, in terms of the level, type and subject area. With respect to subject area, the key reason for variation in differentials across subjects is the differences in occupations to which qualifications lead.
Mortality from mental disorders and suicide in male professional American football and soccer players: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Morales Javier S. , Castillo‐García Adrián , Valenzuela Pedro L. , Saco‐Ledo Gonzalo , Mañas Asier , Santos‐Lozano Alejandro , Lucia Alejandro 
Published: August 2021

ObjectiveTo determine the risk of mortality from mental disorders and suicide in professional sports associated with repeated head impacts.MethodsA systematic search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus (since inception to June 8, 2021) to find studies comparing the incidence of mortality from mental disorders or suicide in former or active professional athletes of sports characterized by repeated head impacts vs athletes with no such exposure or the general non‐athletic population.ResultsSeven retrospective studies of moderate‐to‐high quality that included data from boxers and from basketball, ice hockey, soccer, and National Football League (NFL) players, respectively (total = 27 477 athletes, 100% male) met all inclusion criteria. Former male NFL players (n = 13 217) had a lower risk of mortality from mental disorders (standard mortality rate [SMR] = 0.30; 0.12–0.77; p = 0.012) and suicide (SMR = 0.54; 0.37–0.78; p < 0.001) than the general population. This finding was also corroborated in male soccer players (n = 13,065; SMR = 0.55; 0.46–0.67; p < 0.001). Male athletes participating in sports associated with repeated head impacts (n = 18,606) had also a lower risk of all‐cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer mortality (all p < 0.01) than the general population.ConclusionsParticipation of male athletes in American football or soccer at the professional level might confer a certain protective effect against mortality from mental disorders or suicide, besides its association with a lower risk of all‐cause, CVD, or cancer‐related mortality.
Knowledge, boundaries, and bodies: Social construction between medical sociology and science and technology studies
Authors: Shaffer Jonathan D. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMedical sociology and science and technology studies (STS) emerged from different positions, but often closely related concerns, within the broad discipline of sociology. Their interface and areas of overlap have mostly been shaped by theoretical positions broadly considered “social constructionist.” Taken together, these perspectives provide empirical and theoretical tools to analyze important questions about how social inequalities, forms of scientific knowledge, and patterns of human health come to be produced and feedback into one another. Examining their intersection enables sociological questions such as: How is medical and public health scientific knowledge produced, stabilized, and taken as fact? How are scientific facts about health and illness used, experienced, and challenged? What is the relationship between health inequalities and public health or medical knowledge? This article seeks to briefly trace the important contributions that social constructionist research has made at the interstices of medical sociology and STS, further clarifying the history, points of intersection, and areas of diversion between them. The current COVID‐19 pandemic has unveiled the political struggles that constitute public health scientific knowledge and circulation. The interface between STS and medical sociology can help us to make sense of the interrelationships between politics, power inequalities, and public health scientific knowledge.
Three dimensional crustal P‐wave structure beneath the central south segment of the Tanlu Fault Zone determined by local earthquake travel‐time tomography
Authors: Cui Xin , Song Xiuqing , Xu Lisheng , Zhu Yuanqing , Li Bo , Zhang Wei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe Tanlu Fault Zone in eastern China stretches more than 2,400 km and is a significant, active, feature in the tectonics of East Asia. Here, we show the results of local earthquake travel‐time tomographical approach based on a comprehensive and systematic set of seismic data collected from 2008 to 2018 along the Central South Segment of the Tanlu Fault Zone. According to the model, the uppermost 0–10 km of the crust shows a close relationship between seismic velocity and the lithological properties of surface geological units. The middle crust at 10–20 km depths exhibits a strong connection between its high‐low velocity transitions and sites of augmented seismic activity. The top mantle at 34 km depths has lower velocities in the western region in comparison to the east, implying that the seismic Moho is deeper in the western area. These characteristics may reflect spatial variations in the destruction of the North China Craton.
Weekly topical therapy based on plant extracts combined with lokivetmab in canine atopic dermatitis
Authors: Bensignor Emmanuel , Videmont Emilie 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundLokivetmab is an effective treatment for atopic dermatitis (AD) in dogs. The aim of this prospective study was to determine if topical products containing plant extracts could enhance the clinical efficacy of lokivetmab.AnimalsThirty atopic dogs were included.Methods and materialsDogs were allocated randomly to be treated either with a single injection of lokivetmab (mean dose 1.34 mg/kg; Group A) or to a single injection (mean dose 1.28 mg/kg) coupled with a weekly topical treatment using a shampoo and a spot‐on specifically designed to improve skin barrier defect (Group B). Clinical parameters evaluated included pruritus (pruritus Visual Analog Scale) and skin lesions (Canine Atopic Dermatitis Lesion Index, CADLI); cosmetic evaluation, and owner and investigator global assessment of efficacy (OGATE) also were carried out. Dogs were re‐examined after 10, 17 and 31 days, and until a clinical relapse occurred.ResultsAn improvement was noted for all dogs, with scores being significantly better in dogs in Group B than in those in Group A; after 10 days for cosmetic evaluation, 17 days for pruritus (P = 0.039) and OGATE, and 31 days for CADLI (P = 0.043). A longer‐lasting remission was noted in Group B compared to Group A; dogs receiving the combined treatment showed an extended time to flare compared to dogs treated with lokivetmab alone (P = 0.012).Conclusions and clinical importanceThis study suggests that combining lokivetmab with topical therapies designed to repair the skin barrier potentially have value in the treatment of AD in dogs.
An international seroprevalence survey of the IgE sensitisation to the Dermatophagoides farinae house dust mite and two of its major allergens (Der f 2, Zen 1) in atopic dogs
Authors: Favrot Claude , Olivry Thierry , Iwasaki Toshiro 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundDogs with atopic dermatitis are often immunoglobulin (Ig)E‐sensitised to Dermatophagoides farinae (Df) house dust mites, yet limited data exist on the sensitisation rates to the individual Df allergens, Der f 2 and Zen 1.ObjectivesTo determine the IgE sensitisation rates to Df, Der f 2 and Zen 1 in atopic dogs from geographically diverse countries.AnimalsSerum was collected from 32 laboratory dogs in Japan, and 837 atopic dogs from 11 countries from five continents: Asia (Japan, Thailand, Taiwan), Europe (Italy, Latvia, the Netherlands, UK), North America (USA), South America (Argentina, Brazil) and Africa (South Africa).Methods and materialsWe determined Df‐, Der f 2‐ and Zen 1‐specific IgE levels by ELISA. Correlations between the IgE values for these three allergens were calculated.ResultsThe IgE seropositivity rates for Df varied between 74% (Argentina) and 100% (the Netherlands, Thailand, South Africa), those for Der f 2 between 12% (Argentina) and 88% (South Africa), and for Zen 1 between 70% (Argentina) and 100% (the Netherlands). Apart from the especially low seropositivity rate for Der f 2‐specific IgE in Argentina, the percentage of IgE sensitisation varied little between countries. There was significant correlation between the IgE levels to these three allergens which was highest between Df and Zen 1, and lowest between Zen 1 and Der f 2.Conclusions and clinical relevanceThe IgE sensitisation to Df is geographically widespread. Der f 2 and Zen 1 are major allergens for dogs in almost all countries where this was evaluated.
Geometrical Breakdown Approach to interpretation of depositional sequences
Authors: Aali Masoud , Richards Bill , Nedimović Mladen R. , Maselli Vittorio , Gibling Martin R. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSeismic and sequence stratigraphic analyses are important methodologies for interpreting coastal and shallow-marine deposits. Though both methods are based on objective criteria, terminology for reflection/stratal stacking is widely linked to eustatic cycles, which does not adequately incorporate factors such as differential subsidence, sediment supply, and autogenic effects. To reduce reliance on model-driven interpretations, we developed a Geometrical Breakdown Approach (GBA) that facilitates interpretation of horizon-bound reflection packages by systematically identifying upward-downward and landward-seaward trajectories of clinoform inflection points and stratal terminations, respectively. This approach enables a rigorous characterization of stratal surfaces and depositional units. The results are captured in three-letter acronyms that provide an efficient way of recognizing repetitive stacking patterns through discriminating reflection packages objectively to the maximum level of resolution provided by the data. Comparison of GBA with selected sequence stratigraphic models that include three and four systems tracts and the accommodation succession approach shows that the GBA allows a greater level of detail to be extracted, identifying key surfaces with more precision and utilizing more effectively the fine-scale resolution provided by the input seismic data. We tested this approach using a synthetic analogue model and field data from the New Jersey margin. The results demonstrate that the geometric criteria constitute a reliable tool for identifying systems tracts and provide an objective and straightforward method for practitioners at all levels of experience.
Early use of Antibiotics for at Risk CHildren with InfluEnza (ARCHIE): protocol for a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Wang Kay , Carver Tricia , Tonner Sharon , Semple Malcolm G , Hay Alastair D , Moore Michael , Little Paul , Butler Christopher , Farmer Andrew , Perera Rafael , Yu Ly-Mee , Mallett Susan , Wolstenholme Jane , Harnden Anthony 
Published: August 2021

IntroductionInfluenza and influenza-like illness (ILI) create considerable burden on healthcare resources each winter. Children with pre-existing conditions such as asthma, diabetes mellitus and cerebral palsy are among those at greatest risk of clinical deterioration from influenza/ILI. The Antibiotics for at Risk CHildren with InfluEnza (ARCHIE) trial aims to determine whether early oral treatment with the antibiotic co-amoxiclav reduces the likelihood of reconsultation due to clinical deterioration in these ‘at risk’ children.Methods and analysisThe ARCHIE trial is a double-blind, parallel, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. ‘At risk’ children aged 6 months to 12 years inclusive who present within the first 5 days of an ILI episode will be randomised to receive a 5-day course of oral co-amoxiclav 400/57 twice daily or placebo. Randomisation will use a non-deterministic minimisation algorithm to balance age and seasonal influenza vaccination status.To detect respiratory virus infections, a nasal swab will be obtained from each participant before commencing study medication. To identify carriage of potential bacterial respiratory pathogens, we will also obtain a throat swab where possible.The primary outcome is reconsultation in any healthcare setting due to clinical deterioration within 28 days of randomisation. We will analyse this outcome using log-binomial regression model adjusted for region, age and seasonal influenza vaccination status.Secondary outcomes include duration of fever, duration of symptoms and adverse events. Continuous outcomes will be compared using regression analysis (or equivalent non-parametric method for non-normal data) adjusting for minimisation variables. Binary outcomes will be compared using χ2/Fisher’s exact test and log-binomial regression.EthicsThe ARCHIE trial has been reviewed and approved by the North West-Liverpool East Research Ethics Committee, Health Research Authority and Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency. Our findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and disseminated via our study website (www.archiestudy.com) and links with relevant charities.Trial registration numbersISRCTN70714783; Pre-results.