bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How much carbon can be added to soil by sorption?
Authors: Abramoff Rose Z. , Georgiou Katerina , Guenet Bertrand , Torn Margaret S. , Huang Yuanyuan , Zhang Haicheng , Feng Wenting , Jagadamma Sindhu , Kaiser Klaus , Kothawala Dolly , Mayes Melanie A. , Ciais Philippe 
Published: January 2021

AbstractQuantifying the upper limit of stable soil carbon storage is essential for guiding policies to increase soil carbon storage. One pool of carbon considered particularly stable across climate zones and soil types is formed when dissolved organic carbon sorbs to minerals. We quantified, for the first time, the potential of mineral soils to sorb additional dissolved organic carbon (DOC) for six soil orders. We compiled 402 laboratory sorption experiments to estimate the additional DOC sorption potential, that is the potential of excess DOC sorption in addition to the existing background level already sorbed in each soil sample. We estimated this potential using gridded climate and soil geochemical variables within a machine learning model. We find that mid- and low-latitude soils and subsoils have a greater capacity to store DOC by sorption compared to high-latitude soils and topsoils. The global additional DOC sorption potential for six soil orders is estimated to be 107 $$\pm$$
±
13 Pg C to 1 m depth. If this potential was realized, it would represent a 7% increase in the existing total carbon stock.
Constraining the Likely Technological Niches of Late Middle Pleistocene Hominins with Homo naledi as Case Study
Authors: Dusseldorp Gerrit L. , Lombard Marlize 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe develop a framework to differentiate the technological niches of co-existing hominin species by reviewing some theoretical biases influential in thinking about techno-behaviours of extinct hominins, such as a teleological bias in discussing technological evolution. We suggest that some stone-tool classification systems underestimate technological variability, while overestimating the complexity of the behaviours most commonly represented. To model the likely technological niches of extinct populations, we combine ecological principles (i.e. competitive exclusion) with physical anthropology and the archaeological record. We test the framework by applying it to the co-existence of Homo naledi and Homo sapiens during the late Middle Pleistocene in southern Africa. Based on our analysis, we suggest that tool use was probably not an essential part of H. naledi’s niche, but that technology occasionally provided caloric benefits. In contrast, tool use was a structural part of the H. sapiens way of life. We provide reasoning for our interpretation that the latter population is associated with more sophisticated reduction strategies and the development of prepared core technology. The method also has applicability to cases such as the co-existence of different toolmakers during the Earlier Stone Age (ESA) in East Africa and the co-existence of Neanderthals and H. sapiens in Eurasia.
Gaining insights into organizational communication dynamics through the analysis of implicit and explicit communication
Authors: Müller-Frommeyer Lena C. , Kauffeld Simone 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis report in the journal Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation. Zeitschrift für Angewandte Organisationspsychologie aims at presenting how the analysis of implicit and explicit communication in organizational interaction can advance our insights into and implications for these interactions for research and science. Communication is a central process in modern organizations. Especially recurring forms of interaction in organizations (e.g., meetings or appraisal interviews) are of great importance for personal and organizational success. In these interactions, the communication between the interacting organizational members has a decisive impact on the interactions’ course and outcomes (e.g., satisfaction with the interaction, performance during the interaction). Therefore, the aim of this paper is to present two aspects of communication that are empirically shown to contribute to successful outcomes of organizational interactions. Based on a practical problem, we illustrate the analysis and implications of (1) implicitcommunication (that is, the use and coordination of unconsciously used function words such as pronouns, articles, or prepositions) and (2) explicitcommunication (that is, the overarching meaning of a statement). To further illustrate the practical relevance of both communication behaviors, we present empirical insights and their implications for practice. Taking a glance at the future, possible combinations of these communication behaviors, the resulting avenues for future research, and the importance of a strengthened cooperation between research and practice to gain more naturalistic insights into organizational communication dynamics are discussed.
Mediävistische Lingolitologie am Beispiel fremdsprachiger Ortsnamen bei Wolfram von Eschenbach
Authors: Busch Nathanael 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungWolfram von Eschenbach greift für die Namenbildung auf verschiedene Quellen zurück und passt sie an das deutsche Phoneminventar an. Anhand dieses Beispiels wird nach den Bedingungen von Schnittstellen zwischen Literaturwissenschaft und Linguistik gefragt. Obschon die Mediävistik sich stets mit Sprache und Literatur zugleich auseinandersetzt, bleibt die Beschäftigung meist institutionell, personell und thematisch vereinzelt. Für eine gegenseitige Wahrnehmung wäre es hilfreich, bei der Formulierung von Ergebnissen und Erkenntnisinteressen ein breiteres Fachpublikum im Auge zu behalten.
Hall current effects on a magnetic nanofluid layer under temperature gradient
Authors: Bishnoi Jaimala , Kumar Shubham , Singh Reema 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn the Bénard convection governed nanofluid confined between two horizontal infinite free-free boundaries, the effect of Hall current is investigated when it is subjected to the constant vertical magnetic field. The Buongiorno mathematical model for hydromagnetic flow with Hall currents has been considered. The Brownian motion effects and thermophoresis of nanoparticles have been included in the energy equation. A realistic boundary condition based on zero nanoparticle mass flux at the walls is incorporated for the analysis. The impacts of Brownian motion, convective heat transfer, thermophoresis of nanoparticles and zero mass flux conditions are also deliberated through the behaviour of the related parameters. The parameters representing the model incorporate the consequences of newly introduced physically realistic boundary conditions and Hall currents. For comprehensive physical interpretation the embedded parameters have been plotted and deliberated graphically. It is found that Hall current is responsible to enhances the instability of the system and sets the convection earlier. A rigorous comparison has been made with the existing results. The results are shown graphically and verified numerically.
Refugee Children and the Emotional Cost of Internationalism in Interwar Britain
Authors: Dawson Sandra Trudgen 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis article explores the complexity surrounding the politics and emotions of internationalism and humanitarian work in interwar Britain by using as a lens the public and official responses to assisting “refugee children.” Analysis of British responses to refugee emergencies after the First World War, the Spanish Civil War, and the Nazi persecution of Jews and other minorities suggests that attitudes shifted dramatically between the arrival of Basque child refugees in May 1937 and the Kindertransports in late 1938. Charities and refugee committees, many of them faith-based, had to negotiate the spaces between nation, ideology, and emotion to successfully raise funds for refugees. All appeals were to “save” children, and yet the responses and the amounts raised were vastly different. Campaigns to support almost four thousand Basque children proved politically polarizing and bureaucratic. In contrast, the immediate and widespread response to fund-raising to bring ten thousand children to Britain in 1938 suggests that a significant change in attitudes and fund-raising practices had taken place in a short time. Unlike the political divisions that hampered support for the Basque children, Britons from all walks of life appeared by 1938 to embrace the emotional and financial cost of internationalism in a way they had not only a year before.
Geodetic mass balance of Abramov Glacier from 1975 to 2015
Authors: Denzinger Florian , Machguth Horst , Barandun Martina , Berthier Etienne , Girod Luc , Kronenberg Marlene , Usubaliev Ryskul , Hoelzle Martin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMulti-decadal mass loss estimates are available for few glaciers of Central Asia. On Abramov Glacier (Pamir-Alay, Kyrgyzstan), comprehensive long-term glaciological measurements have been carried out from 1968 to 1999 and re-initiated in 2011. A climatological interpretation of this benchmark glacier in Central Asia requires bridging the gap between historical and renewed measurements. This is achieved here by computing the geodetic mass balance from 1975 to 2015 using previously unreleased Soviet aerial imagery and Pléaides stereo-imagery. During 1975–2015, Abramov Glacier lost 2.2 km2 (8.2%) of its area. The mean annual thickness change was − 0.43 ± 0.14 m a−1 for the period 1975–2015, corresponding to a volume change of − 0.45 ± 0.15 km3. The average specific geodetic mass balance amounts to − 0.38 ± 0.12 m w.e. a−1. The 1975–2015 glacier mass loss lies within the range of glaciological and geodetic mass-balance estimates that were previously published for disparate and shorter time intervals since 1968. This study covers a much longer time period than earlier geodetic estimates and demonstrates the capacity to geodetically constrain glacier change at high spatial resolution in Central Asia using historic aerial imagery and Structure from Motion techniques. Therefore, it could serve as a benchmark for future studies of regional mass change.
Food addiction symptoms and metabolic changes in children and adolescents with the double burden of malnutrition
Authors: de Moraes Rúbia Cartaxo Squizato , Sawaya Ana Lydia , Vieira Anne Caroline Alves , Pereira Joicy Karla Grangeiro , de Brito Alves José Luiz , de Luna Freire Micaelle Oliveira , Filgueiras Andrea Rocha , Martins Vinícius José Baccin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe double burden of malnutrition (DBM) has been described in many low-/middle-income countries. We investigated food addiction, thyroid hormones, leptin, the lipid/glucose profile and body composition in DBM children/adolescents. Subjects were allocated into groups according to nutritional status: control (C, n 28), weight excess (WE, n 23) and DBM (WE plus mild stunting, n 22). Both the DBM and WE groups showed higher mean insulin concentrations than the control (DBM = 57·95 (95 % CI 47·88, 70·14) pmol/l, WE = 74·41 (95 % CI 61·72, 89·80) pmol/l, C = 40·03 (95 % CI 34·04, 47·83) pmol/l, P < 0·001). WE and DBM showed more food addiction symptoms than the control (3·11 (95 % CI 2·33, 3·89), 3·41 (95 % CI 2·61, 4·20) and 1·66 (95 % CI 0·95, 2·37)). In DBM individuals, addiction symptoms were correlated with higher body fat and higher insulin and leptin levels. These data provide preliminary evidence consistent with the suggestion that DBM individuals have a persistent desire to eat, but further studies are required to confirm these results in a larger study. These hormonal changes and high body fat contribute to the development of diabetes in long term.
The association between the reflux symptoms index and nasal symptoms among patients with non-allergic rhinitis
Authors: Hamizan A W , Choo Y Y , Loh P V , Abd Talib N F , Mohd Ramli M F , Zahedi F D , Husain S 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundLaryngopharyngeal reflux symptoms assessed with the reflux symptom index can overlap with non-allergic rhinitis symptoms. This study aims to explore the association between the reflux symptom index and nasal symptoms in non-allergic rhinitis patients.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted on consecutive adults with non-allergic rhinitis. The reflux symptom index (score of more than 13 = laryngopharyngeal reflux) and nasal symptoms (categorised as mild (total score of 0–3), moderate (4–7) or severe (8–12)) were assessed.ResultsThe study included 227 participants (aged 58.64 ± 12.39 years, 59.5 per cent female). The reflux symptom index scores increased with total nasal symptom scores (mild vs moderate vs severe, 8.61 ± 6.27 vs 12.94 ± 7.4 vs 16.40 ± 8.10; p < 0.01). Logistic regression indicated that laryngopharyngeal reflux is more likely in patients with severe nose block (odds ratio 5.47 (95 per cent confidence interval = 2.16–13.87); p < 0.01).ConclusionLaryngopharyngeal reflux symptoms are associated with nasal symptom severity, and nasal symptoms should be primarily treated. Those with predominant nose block and laryngopharyngeal reflux symptoms are more likely to have laryngopharyngeal reflux.
Towards ecological and social impact through collaborative governance of a seascape of marine protected areas in Honduras
Authors: Steadman Daniel 
Published: January 2021

AbstractProtecting marine biodiversity and ensuring sustainable use through a seascape approach is becoming increasingly widespread in response to the ecological, social and institutional challenges of scaling ocean management. A seascape approach means clustering spatial management measures (marine protected areas) based around the principles of ecological connectivity, and developing or enhancing collaborative governance networks of relevant stakeholders (managers, community groups, non-governmental organizations) based around the principles of social connectivity. As with other large-scale approaches to marine management, there is minimal evidence of long-term impact in seascapes. This study uses a theory-based, participatory impact evaluation to assess perceived changes attributed to the Atlántida seascape in Honduras (initiated in 2015), encompassing three well-established marine protected areas and the non-legally managed waters between them. Using an adapted most significant change method, 15 interviews with a representative subset of seascape stakeholders yielded 165 stories of change, the majority (88%) of which were positive. Enhanced social capital, associated with cross-sectoral collaboration, inter-site conflict resolution and shared learning, was the most consistently expressed thematic change (32% of stories). Although most stories were expressed as activity- or output-related changes, a small proportion (18%) were causally linked to broader outcomes or impact around increased fish and flagship species abundance as well as interconnected well-being benefits for people. Although minimal (and occasionally attributed to prior initiatives that were enhanced by the seascape approach), this impact evidence tentatively links seascapes to recent related research around the effectiveness of appropriately scaled, ecosystem-based and collaboratively governed marine management that balances strict protection with sustainable use.
Low-dimensional representations of finite orthogonal groups
Authors: MAGAARD KAY , MALLE GUNTER 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe determine the smallest irreducible Brauer characters for finite quasi-simple orthogonal type groups in non-defining characteristic. Under some restrictions on the characteristic we also prove a gap result showing that the next larger irreducible Brauer characters have a degree roughly the square of those of the smallest non-trivial characters.
KEEPING JUSTICE (LARGELY) OUT OF CHARITY: PLURALISM AND THE DIVISION OF LABOR BETWEEN CHARITABLE ORGANIZATIONS AND THE STATE
Authors: Halliday Daniel , Harding Matthew 
Published: January 2021

AbstractJustice can be pursued by the state, or through voluntary charity. This paper seeks to contribute to the debate about the appropriate division of labor between government and charitable agencies by developing a positive account of the charity sector's moral foundations. The account given here is grounded in a legal conception of charity, as a set of subsidies and privileges designed to cultivate a wide variety of activities aimed at enhancing civic virtue and autonomy. Among other things, this implies that a charity sector oriented largely around the pursuit of justice will come at a moral cost to a liberal society, at least when the state is in a position to take the greater share of the responsibility. So, a positive account of charity provides at least a pro tanto reason for preferring a division of labor in which the state takes a greater share of the responsibility for pursuing justice. As well as developing and defending this conception in its own right, we apply it in offering some criticisms and enhancements of existing views about the division of labor.
The Need for Urban‐Resolving Climate Modeling Across Scales
Authors: Sharma Ashish , Wuebbles Donald J. , Kotamarthi Rao 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIncreasing urbanization, evolving urban landscapes, and growing populations require an accurate representation of urban areas and urban processes at microscale, regional, and global scales and their feedback across the scales. Important urban processes should be represented in climate models, and current approaches used are discussed. We discuss strategies for urban‐resolving climate research to capture the effect of climate on urban regions and the non‐linear urban processes on climate. Advancing urban‐resolving climate modeling will take us closer to capabilities that can truly capture relevant natural and human components.
New Constraints on Global Geochemical Cycling During Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 (Late Cretaceous) From a 6‐Million‐year Long Molybdenum‐Isotope Record
Authors: Dickson Alexander J. , Jenkyns Hugh C. , Idiz Erdem , Sweere Tim C. , Murphy Melissa J. , van den Boorn Sander H. J. M. , Ruhl Micha , Eldrett James S. , Porcelli Donald 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntervals of extreme warmth are predicted to drive a decrease in the oxygen content of the oceans. This prediction has been tested for the acme of short (<1 million years) episodes of significant marine anoxia in the Phanerozoic geological record known as Oceanic Anoxic Events (OAEs). However, there is a paucity of data spanning prolonged multimillion‐year intervals of geological time before and after OAEs. We present a Mo‐isotope record from limestones and marlstones of the Eagle Ford Group, South Texas, which was deposited in the southern Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway of North America during a 6‐million‐year period encompassing OAE 2 (Late Cenomanian–early Turonian: ∼94 Ma). Mo‐isotope compositions from deposits that formed in euxinic (sulfidic) conditions before OAE 2 allow the paleo‐seawater composition to be constrained to 1.1%–1.9%. This range of values overlaps previous estimates of up to ∼1.5% for the peak of OAE 2 determined from similarly sulfidic sediments deposited in the restricted proto‐North Atlantic Ocean. Mo‐isotopes thus varied by less than a few tenths of per mil across one of the most extreme intervals of global deoxygenation in the Late Phanerozoic. Rather than a limited change in oceanic deoxygenation, we suggest that the new data reflect changes to global iron cycling linked to basalt‐seawater interaction, terrestrial weathering and expanded partially oxygenated shallow shelf‐seas that played a key role in the burial of isotopically light molybdenum, thus acting as a counterbalance to its removal into sulfidic sediments.
Conceptual disorganization and redistribution of resting-state cortical hubs in untreated first-episode psychosis: A 7T study
Authors: Dey Avyarthana , Dempster Kara , MacKinley Michael , Jeon Peter , Das Tushar , Khan Ali , Gati Joe , Palaniyappan Lena 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNetwork-level dysconnectivity has been studied in positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Conceptual disorganization (CD) is a symptom subtype that predicts impaired real-world functioning in psychosis. Systematic reviews have reported aberrant connectivity in formal thought disorder, a construct related to CD. However, no studies have investigated whole-brain functional correlates of CD in psychosis. We sought to investigate brain regions explaining the severity of CD in patients with first-episode psychosis (FEPs) compared with healthy controls (HCs). We computed whole-brain binarized degree centrality maps of 31 FEPs, 25 HCs, and characterized the patterns of network connectivity in the 2 groups. In FEPs, we related these findings to the severity of CD. We also studied the effect of positive and negative symptoms on altered network connectivity. Compared to HCs, reduced centrality of a right superior temporal gyrus (rSTG) cluster was observed in the FEPs. In patients exhibiting high CD, increased centrality of a medial superior parietal (mSPL) cluster was observed, compared to patients exhibiting low CD. This cluster was strongly correlated with CD scores but not with other symptom scores. Our observations are congruent with previous findings of reduced but not increased centrality. We observed increased centrality of mSPL suggesting that cortical reorganization occurs to provide alternate routes for information transfer. These findings provide insight into the underlying neural processes mediating the presentation of symptoms in untreated FEP. Longitudinal tracking of the symptom course will be useful to assess the mechanisms underlying these compensatory changes.
Onchocerca volvulus bivalent subunit vaccine induces protective immunity in genetically diverse collaborative cross recombinant inbred intercross mice
Authors: Ryan Nathan M. , Hess Jessica A. , de Villena Fernando Pardo-Manuel , Leiby Benjamin E. , Shimada Ayako , Yu Lei , Yarmahmoodi Amir , Petrovsky Nikolai , Zhan Bin , Bottazzi Maria Elena , Makepeace Benjamin L. , Lustigman Sara , Abraham David 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study tests the hypothesis that anOnchocerca volvulusvaccine, consisting of two recombinant antigens (Ov-103 andOv-RAL-2) formulated with the combination-adjuvant Advax-2, can induce protective immunity in genetically diverse Collaborative Cross recombinant inbred intercross mice (CC-RIX). CC-RIX lines were immunized with theO. volvulusvaccine and challenged with third-stage larvae. Equal and significant reductions in parasite survival were observed in 7 of 8 CC-RIX lines. Innate protective immunity was seen in the single CC-RIX line that did not demonstrate protective adaptive immunity. Analysis of a wide array of immune factors showed that each line of mice have a unique set of immune responses to vaccination and challenge suggesting that the vaccine is polyfunctional, inducing different equally-protective sets of immune responses based on the genetic background of the immunized host. Vaccine efficacy in genetically diverse mice suggests that it will also be effective in genetically complex human populations.