bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Marriage and Population Growth Anthropological Comparative Study in Kirkuk City
Authors: Mohammed Shwany Mohammed Hussein 
Published: September 2021

The city of Kirkuk is one of the disputed cities between the Kurdistan Regional Government and Baghdad. In the Iraqi Constitution 2005, through Article 140, the constitutional solution to this problem was decided, through (normalization, the census of the city’s population, the referendum). This process is depending on the number of population .
The simple marriage habits of Arabs and the difficulty of Kurdish marriage led to rapid population growth among Arabs..
Population growth is influenced by a wide array of social and cultural variables including social customs, marriage levels, birth rate, and family size and so on.
The Kurdish rural community has been dismantled since the 1980s, while the Arab rural society is in a state of continuous growth. Moreover, the Kurdish population is concentrated inside the city and practices urban or marginal occupations, while the Arab population has become widely distributed in villages, districts and within the city, practicing pastoral, agricultural, governmental, security and military occupations. The Arab rural community is also characterized by high demographic growth due to early marriage, lack of family planning and polygamy, while the Kurdish urban population is characterized by a low population due to delayed marriages, birth control and civil marriage. Furthermore, the average size of Kurdish family is between (3 to 5 persons), while the average size of Arab family, especially in rural areas, ranges between 8 and 10. The process of marriage in Arab society is easy and does not cost much while this process tends to be more costly in Kurdish community. It is worth mentioning that the migration of Kurdish youth outwards or the migration of Kurdish families to Kurdistan Region is high, while migration for many Arab families and their young members tend to be towards Kirkuk city. The percentage of spinsterhood in Kurdish society is higher compare to Arab community. Therefore, we expect that the percentage of Kurds in Kirkuk will fall to (38%) in 2030, after it was 48% in the 1957. And the percentage of Arabs in Kirkuk will arise to (35%) in 2030, after it was 21% in the 1957.
Derivational Morphemes of Agent Noun in Kurdish and English Languages (A Comparative Study)
Authors: Mustafa Mustafa Raza , Raheem Karwan Juma 
Published: September 2021

The paper entitled (the derivational morphemes of agent nouns in Kurdish and English languages), is a comparative study. It intends to illustrate the construction of word formation of agent nouns in Kurdish and English languages. The paper consists of introduction and two chapters, also the results and references have been presented at the end of the research.
The first chapter is about the grammatical rules and morphological process of derivational and inflectional morphemes. Then, the most significant derivational morphemes of agent nouns in Kurdish language have been displayed.
In the second chapter, the most significant derivational morphemes of agent nouns of English language and their rules have been presented. Consequently, the most significant comparative and contrasts points of the derivational morphemes of agent nouns in both languages have been demonstrated.
Kurdistan Writers' Union Its Foundation, Activities and Dissolution
Authors: Muhammed Dilshad Ali , Ahmed Nawzad Ali 
Published: September 2021

The ceasefire between the Kurdistan Democratic Party-Iraq and the Baathist government in 1974 came to an end, and fighting between the two sides resumed. The war lasted another eleven months. At the start of the war, a group of writers and artists reached out to areas controlled by the revolution and formed organizations. Many of them were members of the Kurdish Writers' Union and They were able to issue 12 of their magazine, but the writers' union was established in Baghdad, not in the revolution. After the collapse of 1975 and the resumption of the new revolution in the areas under Peshmerga control, especially in the early 1980s, for the first time in the battlefields of resistance and defense in Kurdistan, a special organization for writers and writers was established, called the Kurdistan Writers' Union..
The Kurdistan Writers' Union's establishment and activities were addressed in this study, and the reason for its cancellation was clarified. The first section of the study, which was split into two sections, focused on the efficiency and explanations for the organization's formation. The publication chosen by the Kurdistan Writers' Union through a series of criteria is the subject of the second part of the study.
Generosity Maxim in Leech's Theory in Pshdar Area: Socio-Pragmatic Perspective
Authors: Ibrahim Ibrahim Mahmood , Bakir Salam Nawkhosh 
Published: September 2021

This paper is entitled ‘’Generosity Maxim in Leech's Theory in Pshdar Area: Socio-Pragmatic Perspective, which aims at showing generosity among individuals including showing generosity in this specific area for the purpose of finding out its roots people, because generosity maxim is minimizing self to others, and indicating such factors as religion, education , non-education, and gender affect the utterance. The principles of politeness which have been recognized by Leech are the Maxim of Tact, the Maxim of Generosity, the Maxim of Modesty, the Maxim of approbation, the Maxim of Agreement, and the Maxim of Sympathy. It is important to bear in mind that this theory focuses on individual face, there are various face threatening acts, for instance the threat can be assumed to the hearer or to the speaker.
This paper conducts a survey of Pshdaryan district through using a questionnaire as a quantitative method for the purpose of data collection. The participants of this study are the people of Pshdar area who are 162 participants from different classes, genders, educational background, age, and occupation.
The result of the study showed that generosity is the main reason behind using both direct and indirect offers and invitations. Besides, it showed that the cost-benefit scale can explain the politeness utterance raised in performing these speech acts Finally, it is recommended that other politeness principle maxims are tested in Kurdish culture to know the level of the maxims practically.
An Economic Perspective on Language Management in Iraqi Kurdistan
Authors: Saeed Muhammad Qader 
Published: September 2021

This paper is about ‘An Economic Perspective on Language Management in Iraqi Kurdistan’. In many languages the relationship between the economy and the language is seriously taken into consideration. Unfortunately, Kurdish language is in a critical situation in this respect. This paper tries to show the linguistic situation of Kurdish language from the economic perspective through studying the related concepts such as language economics, language investment, language industry and its relation to language planning and language policy. Aiming at drawing some of the possible aspects through which there could be a space for investment in the Kurdish language, this study also searches for coming across some current cases of linguistic investment in different parts of the world such as Britain, France and Canada. Meanwhile, it focuses on most outstanding obstacles that stand against the process of investment in Kurdish which includes the lack of awareness, the non-stimulating regulatory besides investment environment, and the unstable economic and linguistic situations in the region. The study comes to conclude that many countries had invested in language considerably to improve this aspect to pave the way for acquiring huge, direct and indirect economic revenues. As much as investors care about English, they need to care about Kurdish. Hereby, there is a crucial need to support experimental studies to reveal the potentials of investing in Kurdish to indicate the existing deficiencies regarding the effective language investment situations.
Geomorphological Assessment of the Viability of the Landforms in the Khalekan Valley Basin for Human Uses
Authors: Hamad Nali Jawad 
Published: September 2021

The study aims to evaluating the landform in the khalakan basin and its to preparing appropriate model for the capacity of the lands by using remote sensing (RS) technology and geographic information system (GIS) by depending on function of (Wighted-Overlay) which can be considered as one of the significant function of GIS.
And in order to achieve the aim of the study, eight layers have been extracted for preparing appropriate ground model. according to the importance of each layer which is used to determine the ability and they are: (geological formations, slope, splash erosion, soil, plant cover (NDVI), elevation and lineaments, geomorphological unit) layers which can be considered as the result of Intrusive and extrusive processes. After the processes of Overlaying, the study successfully produced a general map for the appropriateness ground which categorized the area into three levels of appropriateness: the level of high appropriateness with area of(9.34Km), the level of mid appropriateness with area of (70.34Km) and the level with no appropriateness with area of (4.957Km.
The Use of Social Media and its Effect on University Students' Academic Skills in Iraqi Kurdistan Region
Authors: Ahmad Araz Ramazan , Hameed Hakim Othman 
Published: September 2021

In recent decades, the use of social media has encountered a rapid growth. This progress made social media a very popular medium of communication among college students. In fact, these online mediums can be a good method to share the knowledge among students and with their lectures. However, extreme use of social media can affect student’s academic performance and skills. Social media platforms have developed significantly in the variety and type of its platforms and the variety of services they have provided to the users. This social media development has had a great impact on human life around the world, particularly the learning process among the students.
The present study examines the effects of social networks on university students' academic skills in Iraqi Kurdistan Region. The sample involved 653 responses from the universities of Raparin and Sulaimani Polytechnic in Kurdistan Region - Iraq. The data of the study has been analyzed using content analysis methods.
According to the study’s results there is a statistically significant correlation between Use of social media and academic skills and there is a strong positive correlation between Use of social media and academic skills which is (0.809) and that the significance value is (0.000).Then, the value of R Square for this analysis, is (0.655), this means that 65.5% of the variance of academic skills must be explored in Use of social media, and the other variables (34.5%) are due to random error.
Pedagogical Thinking in Pragmatism John Dewey
Authors: Muhamad Muslim Hassan , Saeed Sarkar Hama Rashid 
Published: September 2021

The process of life is linked to continuity and survival among all the organisms, and human being in nature are the most intelligent living organism unlike all other organisms in the sense that he is a social being since he desires to live in civilized life. By civilized life we mean a life where all individuals live in society for the sake of fulfilling the diverse needs they are unable to fulfill by themselves, because survival and continuity is not uneasy task since they constantly changing and increasing, so the members of a given society have to take the responsibility for achieving each other’s needs. The concept of education in the human society is said to be more different and extensive than other living things is because this process consists of developing mature members for the society, so that they can take the responsibility placed on them by that the society.
The function of education is to determine the most appropriate methods, which are represented by the educational thinking of the thinkers and philosophers who organize the process of education and its suitability in a way that is compatible with all times, environment and. Pragmatism is considered as one of the approaches that has a great role in solving problems taking place among communities, so that education becomes a tool for solving problems associated with the human social live.
A Comparative Study of Modern Theatrical Technicalities in The Glass Menagerie and The Cherry Orchard
Authors: Ahmed Shokhan Rasool 
Published: September 2021

The nineteenth Century produced some of the most complex plays that today represent modern theatrical technicalities that differed in several ways from twentieth Century plays. In the twentieth Century, Tennessee Williams was acknowledged for the diversity of genres he covered in his plays, most of which focused on the dark aspects of human experience, which lent significant technicalities to his plays, most notably, The Glass Menagerie. Similarly, Anton Chekhov is a nineteenth Century playwright who developed plays that introduced several theatrical technicalities. He was renowned for portraying realism, a feature that characterised 19th Century theatre. Chekhov’s The Cherry Orchard is a play considered the landmark of modern theatrical technicalities.
This study explores three ways in which Williams and Chekhov made The Glass Menagerie and Cherry Orchard respectively as landmarks of theatrical technicalities, i.e., the multiplicity of genres, effective use of indirect action and irony as theatrical conventions, and the integration and portrayal of nineteenth Century and twentieth Century realism. The research finds that while Williams employs a multiplicity of genres and the use of irony as the ideal theatrical conventions, Chekhov integrates all three elements to create modern theatrical technicalities that not only influence the audience's perception of the characters but also the playwright’s intention.
This study is important for both undergraduate and postgraduate readers as it can enrich a reader’s thinking about different theatrical techniques and conventions used in both plays.
ANALISIS KESALAHAN PENGGUNAAN KATA BANTU 的 [DE] DAN 得 [DÉ] DALAM PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA MANDARIN KELAS XI SMA ISLAM ATHIRAH 1 MAKASSAR
Authors: Elmira Elmira , Usman Misnawaty , Burhanuddin Burhanuddin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract. This study aims to classify the types of errors made by students of class X1 SMA Islam Athirah 1 Makassar in the use of的 [de] (belonging/that) and得[dé] (adverb) auxiliary words in Mandarin. The analytical method is used the error analysis method proposed by Ellis in Tarigan (1984). The results of the data analysis showed that there were 170 errors in the students' use of 的 [de] (belonging / that) and 得[dé] (adverb) auxiliary words. There were 111 errors in the use of the的 [de] (belonging / that) auxiliary words (65.29%), which were in the sufficient error category and the error in the use of the得[dé] (adverb) auxiliary word, namely as many as 59 errors (34.71%) which were in the level of error in the category less The error in using the auxiliary的 [de] (belonging / that) which / belongs is in the sufficient with 111 errors (65.29% ). The error in using the auxiliary word 得 [dé] (adverb) is in the less with 59 errors (34.71%).
Analisis Cerita Pendek “Der Tänzer Malige” Karya Johannes Bobrowski
Authors: Rosnaini Rosnaini , Dalle Ambo , Rijal Syamsu 
Published: September 2021

The type of this research is descriptive qualitative. The purpose of this research is to describing theme, characters, plor, setting, message, and point of view in the short story “Der Tänzer Malige” by Johannes Bobrowski. The data in this study were obtained from reading the short story “Der Tänzer Malige” by Johannes Bobrowski. Data collection using library techniques, which are in the from of reading and notes technique on the object of research. The results of this study are as follws, a description of the theme elements: soldiers, character elements: main characters and extras, plot elements: mixed plot, background elements: place setting (village and army barracks) and time setting (August 1939 at the end of the season. Heat), the element of mandate: a high social spirit, the element of perspective: the third person point of view (Er).the interrelationship between the intrinsic elements of the short story, where the theme, character, plot, space and time setting, mandate, and point of view, shows a structure that influences one another. These elements cannot be separated from one another.
Murder Dalam Pembelajaran Membaca Memahami Bahasa Jerman
Authors: Tahir Imma , Jufri Jufri , Achmad Abdul Kasim 
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study to obtain data and information about the effectiveness of the Murder type Cooperative Learning model in reading learning to understand German language for students of class XI MIPA SMAN 16 Makassar. The type of research is the Pre-Experimental Design (one group pretest postest design). The study population was the students of class XI MIPA SMA Negeri 16 Makassar which consisted of 1 class totaling 36 students. The sample of this study was selected using total sampling. Data were analyzed by t-test. The results of data analysis showed that the value of t count 2.40 ≥ t table 1.997 at a significant level of 0.05. The results of this study indicate that the cooperative learning model of MURDER type in reading learning to understand German for Class XI MIPA SMA Negeri 16 Makassar is effective.
Keterampilan Menulis Surat Pribadi Bahasa Jerman
Authors: Waru Nursyahbani Tenri , Dalle Ambo 
Published: September 2021

This research is a descriptive quantitative research which aims to determine the skill level of students' personal letter writing. The sample of this research is the 12th grade students of SMA Negeri 1 Watansoppeng is 20 students and the sample is total sampling. The data in this research were students of class XII Language SMA Negeri 1 Watansoppeng. The research data were obtained through a personal letter writing skill test and the data were analyzed using the percentage technique. The result of this research that the students' personal letter writing skills is in the sufficient category (71.45%) and the results of the questionnaire analysis show at percentage of 18 students (90%) like to write German and it is also supported by external factors where 19 students (95%)stated that the teacher always provides gives excerise about German writing skills while the inhibiting factor in students' personal letter writing skills comes from internal factors which is 14 students (70%) struggling in composing German sentences.
PROFIL KETERAMPILAN KOLABORASI PESERTA DIDIK SMAN 3 BARRU PADA MODEL PEMBELAJARAN LEARNING CYCLE 7E DIPADU MODEL PEMBELAJARAN NUMBER HEADS TOGETHER
Authors: Palennari Muhiddin , Yunus Muh. Rizal Kurniawan , Ali Alimudin 
Published: September 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh penerapan model pembelajaran Learning Cycle 7E dipadu model pembelajaran Number Heads Together (NHT) terhadap keterampilan kolaborasi peserta didik kelas XI IPA SMA Negeri 3 Barru. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen semu (Quasi eksperimen) dengan menggunakan desain penelitian pretest-posttest control group design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa pada kelas XI IPA semester genap SMAN 3 Barru tahun ajaran 2019/2020. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah random sampling sederhana yang terdiri dari kelas kontrol (dibelajarkan dengan model pembelajaran konvensional) dan kelas eksperimen (dibelajarkan dengan model pembelajaran learning cycle 7E dipadu model pembelajaran number heads together). Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan lembar observasi keterampilan kolaborasi peserta didik. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan dua tahap, yaitu analisis statistik deskriptif dan analisis statistik inferensial dengan pengujian hipotesis menggunakan uji anacova. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran learning cycle 7E dipadu model pembelajaran number heads together (NHT) berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap keterampilan kolaborasi peserta didik dengan nilai sig 0.000 < 0.05 hal tersebut dikarenakan integrasi kedua model ini menerapkan kerja kelompok dalam memecahkan masalah yang membantu peserta didik dalam mengembangkan rasa tanggung jawab dalam dirinya. Disarankan kepada guru-guru agar dapat menerapkan integrasi model learning cycle 7E dengan NHT untuk mengembangkan keterampilan kolaborasi peserta didik.
PENERAPAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN QR CODE BERBANTUAN CANVA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR AKUNTANSI
Authors: Agustini Susi 
Published: September 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji penerapan media pembelajaran QR Code berbantuan Canva dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas XII IPS 2 SMA Negeri 1 Besuki pada mata pelajaran akuntansi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas (classroom action research) dengan pelaksanaan sebanyak dua siklus yang mencakup dari sejumlah tahapan yakni tahap perencanaan, tindakan, observasi dan refleksi. Sampel pada penelitian ini sebanyak 35 orang siswa, dengan masing-masing dari 13 orang siswa laki-laki maupun terdapat 22 orang siswa perempuan. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara, observasi, angket, tes, dan dokumentasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisis data deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan media pembelajaran QR Code berbantuan Canva memudahkan siswa dalam mencari informasi, karena dapat terhubung langsung dengan link video, gambar, materi ajar yang akan diamati yang membuat siswa kreatif dan terampil dalam menyajikan laporan secara tertulis dalam bentuk resume melalui aplikasi canva sehingga meningkatkan hasil belajar ekonomi siswa kelas XII IPS 2 SMA Negeri 1 Besuki. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan meningkatnya hasil belajar siswa kelas XII IPS 2 SMA Negeri 1 Besuki sebelum diberikan tindakan rata-rata nilai siswa tergolong masih rendah dibandingkan setelah diberikan tindakan ketuntasan belajar siswa mengalami peningkatan sebesar 8,57%. Berdasarkan data tersebut, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa media pembelajaran QR Code berbantuan Canva sangat efektif dan efisien diterapkan dalam proses pembelajaran siswa.
MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN MENULIS TEKS BERITA SISWA KELAS VIII B SMP NEGERI 5 TANJUNG REDEB MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN TEKNIK TAKESI
Authors: Suriani Ms. 
Published: September 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan menulis teks berita pada kelas VIII B SMP Negeri 5 Tanjung Redeb kelas VIII B melalui pembelajaran dengan teknik takesi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data melalui teknik observasi serta tes tertulis sedangkan alat pengumpulan data menggunakan lembar observasi dan soal tes tertulis. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas VIII B SMP Negeri 5 Tanjung Redeb Semester 1 Tahun Pelajaran 2019/2020 dan sampel sebanyak 32 siswa antara lain 14 siswa putra dan 18 siswa putri. Perolehan data yang dari lembar observasi dan tes tertulis diolah untuk mengetahui efektivitas dan hasil pembelajaran menulis teks dengan teknik takesi. Analisis data siklus I dan siklus II menunjukkan bahwa dalam pembelajaran menulis teks berita dengan teknik takesi jumlah siswa yang mencapai ketuntasan belajar (KKM) dan rata-rata kelas mengalami peningkatan. Pada siklus I siswa yang tuntas sebanyak 20 orang atau 62,50% dengan rata-rata kelas 69,84%. Pada siklus II siswa yang tuntas sebanyak 28 orang atau 87,50% dengan nilai rata-rata kelas 78,06. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada pembelajaran menulis teks berita melalui teknik takesi mampu meningkatkan keterampilan menulis teks berita siswa Kelas VIIIB SMP Negeri 5 Tanjung Redeb Semester I Tahun Pelajaran 2019/2020. Berdasarkan data diatas maka disimpulkan bahwa dengan teknik takesi yang digunakan guru maka hasil belajar siswa lebih meningkat karena teknik ini mudah pelaksanaannya dan menyenangkan. Selain itu, teknik pembelajaran ini menuntut adanya kreativitas siswa.