bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicate fronting in Yiddish and conditions on multiple copy Spell-Out
Authors: Bleaman Isaac L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPredicate fronting with doubling (also known as thepredicate cleft) has long been a challenge for theories of syntax that do not predict the pronunciation of multiple occurrences. Previous analyses that derive the construction via syntactic movement, including those attributing verb doubling to the formation of parallel chains (e.g., Aboh 2006; Kandybowicz 2008), are incompatible with remnant movement (Müller 1998), which does not give rise to doubling. This article presents data from the predicate fronting construction in Yiddish, in which verbs always double but complements never do. I argue that these seemingly contradictory pronunciation facts can be reconciled even if one assumes that phrasal movement and head movement are both syntactic. More specifically, the pronunciation of occurrences in Yiddish (doubled or not) follows from the general conditions on Spell-Out (or Transferpf) defined by Collins and Stabler (2016), modified only to accommodate syntactic head movement. Post-syntactic PF repairs are thus not required to account for the facts of the Yiddish predicate fronting construction. If such repairs are needed to generate doubling phenomena in other languages, they should be explicitly defined so as to modify or override the predictions of default Spell-Out conditions.
What is the benefit from publishing a working paper in a journal in terms of citations? Evidence from economics
Authors: Wohlrabe Klaus , Bürgi Constantin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMany papers in economics that are published in peer reviewed journals are initially released in widely circulated working paper series. This raises the question about the benefit of publishing in a peer-reviewed journal in terms of citations. Specifically, we address the question: to what extent does the stamp of approval obtained by publishing in a peer-reviewed journal lead to more subsequent citations for papers that are already available in working paper series? Our data set comprises about 28,000 working papers from four major working paper series in economics. Using panel data methods, we show that the publication in a peer reviewed journal results in around twice the number of yearly citations relative to working papers that never get published in a journal. Our results hold in several robustness checks.
Iris-based human identity recognition with machine learning methods and discrete fast Fourier transform
Authors: Szymkowski Maciej , Jasiński Piotr , Saeed Khalid 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOne of the most important modules of computer systems is the one that is responsible for user safety. It was proven that simple passwords and logins cannot guarantee high efficiency and are easy to obtain by the hackers. The well-known alternative is identity recognition based on biometrics. In recent years, more interest was observed in iris as a biometrics trait. It was caused due to high efficiency and accuracy guaranteed by this measurable feature. The consequences of such interest are observable in the literature. There are multiple, diversified approaches proposed by different authors. However, neither of them uses discrete fast Fourier transform (DFFT) components to describe iris sample. In this work, the authors present their own approach to iris-based human identity recognition with DFFT components selected with principal component analysis algorithm. For classification, three algorithms were used—k-nearest neighbors, support vector machines and artificial neural networks. Performed tests have shown that satisfactory results can be obtained with the proposed method.
A deep cascaded segmentation of obstructive sleep apnea-relevant organs from sagittal spine MRI
Authors: Ivanovska Tatyana , Daboul Amro , Kalentev Oleksandr , Hosten Norbert , Biffar Reiner , Völzke Henry , Wörgötter Florentin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The main purpose of this work was to develop an efficient approach for segmentation of structures that are relevant for diagnosis and treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), namely pharynx, tongue, and soft palate, from mid-sagittal magnetic resonance imaging (MR) data. This framework will be applied to big data acquired within an on-going epidemiological study from a general population.

Methods
A deep cascaded framework for subsequent segmentation of pharynx, tongue, and soft palate is presented. The pharyngeal structure was segmented first, since the airway was clearly visible in the T1-weighted sequence. Thereafter, it was used as an anatomical landmark for tongue location. Finally, the soft palate region was extracted using segmented tongue and pharynx structures and used as input for a deep network. In each segmentation step, a UNet-like architecture was applied.

Results
The result assessment was performed qualitatively by comparing the region boundaries obtained from the expert to the framework results and quantitatively using the standard Dice coefficient metric. Additionally, cross-validation was applied to ensure that the framework performance did not depend on the specific selection of the validation set. The average Dice coefficients on the test set were $$0.89\pm 0.03$$

0.89
±
0.03

, $$0.87\pm 0.02$$

0.87
±
0.02

, and $$0.79\pm 0.08$$

0.79
±
0.08

for tongue, pharynx, and soft palate tissues, respectively. The results were similar to other approaches and consistent with expert readings.

Conclusion
Due to high speed and efficiency, the framework will be applied for big epidemiological data with thousands of participants acquired within the Study of Health in Pomerania as well as other epidemiological studies to provide information on the anatomical structures and aspects that constitute important risk factors to the OSAS development.
Fernbeschulung während der COVID-19 bedingten Schulschließungen weiterführender Schulen: Analysen zum Gelingen aus Sicht von Schülerinnen und Schülern
Authors: Züchner Ivo , Jäkel Hannah Rahel 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungIm Zuge der Schulschließungen im Rahmen der Schutzmaßnahmen gegen COVID-19 standen deutsche Schulen historisch erstmals vor der Aufgabe, flächendeckende Fernbeschulung für Schülerinnen und Schüler zu gewährleisten. Der über Nacht einsetzenden Herausforderung zur Konzeptionierung und Durchführung dieses Unterrichts auf Distanz begegneten Schulen, Lehrkräfte und Lernende in vielfacher Weise, ohne auf bewährte Strukturen zurückgreifen zu können. Der Beitrag entwirft anhand des Angebots-Nutzungs-Modells von Helmke (2012) und ersten Forschungsergebnissen zur Lehre während der Schulschließungen ein theoretisches Modell des Bedingungsgefüges von Fernbeschulung. Dieses wird genutzt, um dann anhand der Daten einer Online-Befragung mit 1128 Schülerinnen und Schülern von weiterführenden Schulen vom Mai 2020 exemplarisch anhand der von den Schülerinnen und Schülern eingeschätzten Fähigkeit zur Bewältigung der „Haus“Aufgaben das Zusammenspiel der skizzierten Dimensionen während der Fernbeschulung – mit besonderem Fokus auf die Rolle digitaler Medien.
The Occurrence of Zoonotic Anaplasma phagocytophilum Strains, in the Spleen and Liver of Wild Boars from North-West and Central Parts of Poland
Authors: Myczka Anna W. , Szewczyk T. , Laskowski Z. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPurposeTheAnaplasmagenus includes a Gram-negative bacterium infecting the blood cells of wild and domestic mammals, causing tick-borne fever. Infection with pathogenicAnaplasma phagocytophilumstrains may cause Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis. Wild boars (Sus scrofa) may act as natural wild reservoir hosts for potentially zoonoticA. phagocytophilumstrains; however, there is still little data to confirm this statement. The aim of this study was to verify whether wild boars can be classified as natural reservoirs ofAnaplasmaspp. and to compare the suitability of spleen and liver samples for such analysis.MethodsLiver and spleen samples were collected from 59 wild boars (2017–2019). The organs were tested forAnaplasma phagocytophilumusing short (partial) fragments of three markers: 16S rRNA,groEL,ankA.ResultsAnaplasmaspp. DNA was detected in 12 out of 59 samples, with a prevalence of 20.34%. The presence ofA. phagocytophilumwas confirmed by sequencing of the partial 16S rRNA gene. Positive individuals were tested for the characteristic markers:groELandankA. The analysis of the nucleotide sequences of 16S rRNA,groELandankA, indicated that the strains ofA. phagocytophilumdetected in these studies are potentially zoonotic for humans.ConclusionWild boars from Poland can be classified as a natural reservoir of the zoonotic strain ofAnaplasma phagocytophilum. Both the spleen and the liver tissues were found to be suitable materials for the detection ofA. phagocytophilum.
Recent Advances in Spectroscopic Gas Sensing With Micro/Nano-Structured Optical Fibers
Authors: Jin Wei , Bao Haihong , Zhao Pengcheng , Zhao Yan , Qi Yun , Wang Chao , Ho Hoi Lut 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWith micro- and nano-structured optical fibers, parts-per-million to parts-per-trillion level gas detection has been demonstrated for a range of gases such as methane, acetylene, ethane, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and oxygen. We review the recent development in optical fiber gas cells and gas detection systems based on direct absorption, photothermal, photoacoustic, and stimulated Raman spectroscopies.
Calibration Uncertainty of 23nm Engine Exhaust Condensation Particle Counters with Soot Generators: a European Automotive Laboratory Comparison
Authors: Terres Alexander , Giechaskiel Barouch , Nowak Andreas , Ebert Volker 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCalibration of condensation particle counters (CPC) to measure non-volatile particle number (PN) from vehicle emissions is a significant source of uncertainty of the regulated particle number measurements. In this work, the calibration uncertainty of automotive and calibration laboratories was determined in a first-of-its-kind comparison. For this purpose, the counting efficiency of a reference CPC for automotive exhaust emission measurements was determined at seven participants across Europe with ten soot aerosol generators. Calibration uncertainty was found to be very different in the CPC’s cut-off regime (around the D50 of 23nm) with a coefficient of variation (CoV) of 11% and the plateau regime (from the D90 of 41nm upwards) with a CoV of 4.5%. The uncertainty was higher for a group of soot generators with poorly optimized operating points with a CoV of 31% at 23nm and 5.8% at ≥41nm. Specific influence factors on the calibration uncertainty (measured as the inter-lab variability) could be identified. The calibration of the laboratories’ reference counters accounted for most of the variability in the plateau regime, while 20% of the variability was attributed to the sample flow measurement. Differences between soot generators were the main cause of variability in the cut-off regime due to the increased material sensitivity of the CPC at this particle size but had only secondary relevance in the plateau regime. The calibration uncertainty found in this inter-laboratory exercise should be a guideline for users and legislators, as it provides a typical value for the expected measurement uncertainty of a CPC for automotive exhaust PN.
The Dimension of the Body in Higher Education: Matrix of Meanings in Students’ Diaries
Authors: Tau Ramiro , Kloetzer Laure , Henein Simon 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we attempt to show some consequences of bringing the body back into higher education, through the use of performing arts in the curricular context of scientific programs. We start by arguing that dominant traditions in higher education reproduced the mind-body dualism that shaped the social matrix of meanings on knowledge transmission. We highlight the limits of the modern disembodied and decontextualized reason and suggest that, considering the students’ and teachers’ bodies as non-relevant aspects, or even obstacles, leads to the invisibilization of fundamental aspects involved in teaching and learning processes. We thus conducted a study, from a socio-cultural perspective, in which we analyse the emerging matrix of meanings given to the body and bodily engagement by students, through a systematic qualitative analysis of 47 personal diaries. We structured the results and the discussion around five interpretative axes: (1) the production of diaries enables historicization, while the richness of bodily experience expands the boundaries of diaries into non-textual modalities; (2) curricular context modulates the emergent meanings of the body; (3) physical and symbolic spaces guide the matrix of bodily meanings; (4) the bodily dimension of the courses facilitates the emergence of an emotional dimension to get in touch with others and to register one's own emotional experiences; and (5) the body functions as a condition for biographical continuity. These axes are discussed under the light of the general process of consciousness-raising and resignification of the situated body in the educational practice.
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) Serum Levels Indicate Cerebrospinal Fluid Levels of DHEA and Estradiol (E2) in Women at Term Pregnancy
Authors: Habib Pardes , Neulen Joseph , Habib Shahin , Rösing Benjamin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNeuroactive steroids such as dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), estradiol (E2), and progesterone (P4) are associated with structural and functional changes in the central nervous system (CNS). Measurement of steroid levels in the CNS compartments is restricted in accessibility. Consequently, there is only limited human data on the distributional equilibrium for steroid levels between peripheral and central compartments. While some neuroactive steroids including DHEA and E2 have been reported to convey excitatory and proconvulsant properties, the opposite was demonstrated for P4. We aimed to elucidate the correlation between peripheral and central DHEA, E2, and P4 levels in women at term pregnancy. CSF and serum samples of 27 healthy pregnant women (22–39 years) at term pregnancy were collected simultaneously under combined spinal and epidural anesthesia and used for DHEA ELISA and E2, and P4 ECLIA. All three neuroactive steroids were detected at markedly lower levels in CSF compared to their corresponding serum concentrations (decrease, mean ± SD, 97.66 ± 0.83%). We found a strong correlation for DHEA between its serum and the corresponding CSF levels (r = 0.65, p = 0.003). Serum and CSF levels of E2 (r = 0.31, p = 0.12) appeared not to correlate in the investigated cohort. DHEA serum concentration correlated significantly with E2 (r = 0.58, p = 0.0016) in CSF. In addition, a strong correlation was found between DHEA and E2, both measured in CSF (r = 0.65, p = 0.0002). Peripheral DHEA levels might serve as an indicator for central nervous levels of the neuroactive steroids DHEA and E2 in pregnant women.
On the energy losses due to tracks vibrations in rubber track crawler vehicles
Authors: Chołodowski Jakub , Dudziński Piotr A. , Ketting Michael 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In spite of an increasing number of rubber-tracked vehicles, there are no engineering models for predicting and optimizing the energy consumption of vehicles of this type. To formulate those models, the models of the phenomena resulting in the internal losses of rubber-track systems need to be developed. This article presents a model describing the losses caused by the transverse vibrations of rubber tracks. The predictions made using the model are discussed against the background of the preliminary experimental tests on a sample rubber track for heavy off-road vehicles. The model predictions and the experimental tests suggest that the losses caused by the 1st mode vibration of rubber tracks are marginal in relation to the total internal resistance of rubber-track systems. However, according to the model predictions, a significant increase in the rubber-tracked undercarriage internal resistance is expected as a result of the high-amplitude track vibrations corresponding to the higher-order modes. To make the model applicable in practice, a method for determining the essential parameters of the model, including the bending stiffness and the decrement of oscillation damping, is demonstrated. The accuracy of the method is confirmed by the computations, where the sag and the frequency of the 1st mode free vibration of a sample track are predicted with an error of 10% and 1.8%, respectively. The parameter values obtained by this method are suitable for modeling a wide variety of off-road vehicles. The method can be applied to many other types of reinforced rubber belts, e.g., conveyor belts.
Survival after Margin-Positive Resection in the Era of Modern Chemotherapy for Pancreatic Cancer: Do Patients Still Benefit?
Authors: Arrington Amanda K. , Hsu Chiu-Hsieh , Schaefer Kenzie L. , O'Grady Catherine L. , Khreiss Mohammad , Riall Taylor S. 
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND:
R0 resection for pancreatic cancer is considered standard of care, but is not always achieved. This study looks at R1/R2 resection outcomes compared with chemotherapy alone. Our hypothesis is that patients with margin-positive disease have better outcomes than those receiving chemotherapy alone.

STUDY DESIGN:
Stage II pancreatic cancer patients who underwent R1/R2 surgery with/without neoadjuvant chemotherapy, from the National Cancer Database (NCDB) 2010 to 2017 were identified and compared with similar staged patients who received chemotherapy alone. The surgical group was then analyzed by subset based on receipt of chemotherapy: upfront surgery (+/- adjuvant therapy) and neoadjuvant therapy followed by surgery (+/- adjuvant therapy).

RESULTS:
There were 11,699 Stage II pancreatic cancer patients included, 9,521 (81.4%) of whom were treated with chemotherapy alone, 15.7% (n = 1,836) had upfront surgery, and 2.9% (n = 342) had neoadjuvant therapy with surgery. R1/R2 neoadjuvant patients had the best overall survival at a mean of 19.75 months (95% CI 17.91, 22.28) compared with the upfront surgery group (17.77 months, 95% CI 15.64, 19.55) and the chemotherapy alone group (10.12 months, 95% CI 8.97, 11.50) (hazard ratio [HR] 0.46 upfront surgery and 0.32 neoadjuvant group, respectively, p < 0.0001). Even with R2 resection, survival was better in surgical patients compared with patients who underwent chemotherapy only (15.76 mo vs 10.22 mo, p = 0.06). Patients with R1/R2 resections had improved survival if they received neoadjuvant/adjuvant chemotherapy, though the survival rates were significantly lower than those with standard R0 resections (n = 16,129).

CONCLUSIONS:
R1 resection has benefit over chemotherapy alone in pancreatic cancer. Pancreatic cancer patients who are left with microscopic R1 disease have better survival than without surgery, particularly in the setting of neoadjuvant therapy.
Practical Aspects of Transitioning from Intravenous to Subcutaneous Immunoglobulin Therapy in Neuromuscular Disorders
Authors: Menon Deepak , Sarpong Evelyn , Bril Vera 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT:Recent evidence shows that subcutaneous immunoglobulin (SCIG) is as efficacious as intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and has a better safety profile and acceptance rate among patients with neuromuscular disorders who require maintenance IVIG treatment. Awareness of the practical aspects of patient selection, enrollment, dose calculation, administration, and follow-up would help physicians coordinate a smooth and seamless transition from IVIG to SCIG. SCIG is ideally offered to patients having intolerable side effects during IVIG or wearing-off effect and in those keen for treatment autonomy. The weekly dose of SCIG is calculated by multiplying the maintenance dose of IVIG by the dose adjustment factor and dividing by the interval between IVIG in weeks and is initiated 1 week after the last dose of IVIG. The physician places the order for the SCIG and the clinic nurse or the physician refers the patient to the home care nursing program for further education and training. The necessary supplies are dispatched to the patient who would also collect the SCIG from the transfusion center of the nearest hospital. The patient is educated on assembling and administering the infusion, and home visits are continued until the patient or caregiver is confident. Regular follow-up with the patient is maintained to assess treatment response and side effects if any. With a smooth transition, most patients have excellent tolerance to SCIG and in our experience seldom request switching back to IVIG. Transitioning patients from IVIG to SCIG offers several advantages and thus, in general, is preferable for multiple stakeholders.
Revision of the long-proboscid scorpionflies, Lichnomesopsyche Ren, Labandeira, and Shih, 2010
Authors: Lian Xinneng , Cai Chenyang , Huang Diying 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe Mesozoic mecopteran family Mesopsychidae has attracted extensive attention by their long proboscis that is presumably associated with pollination of early gymnosperms. Three previously reported species of Lichnomesopsyche Ren, Labandeira, and Shih, 2010 from the Middle−Upper Jurassic Haifanggou Formation at Daohugou (Inner Mongolia, northeastern China) display distinct resemblances in wing venation, so that their classification, based on currently described characters, remains elusive. Herein, we describe and figure exquisitely preserved male genital structures of L. gloriae Ren, Labandeira, and Shih, 2010, L. daohugouensis Ren, Labandeira, and Shih, 2010, and L. prochorista Lin et al., 2016, which can be used for defining and recognizing the three species. Our discovery indicates that the male genitalia are the major critical structures for species-level classification of the peculiar genus Lichnomesopsyche. Details of the maxillary palps and legs of L. gloriae and L. daohugouensis are also described.
Public order as a protectable interest
Authors: Guo Zhilong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPublic order as a protectable interest is an important criterion for determining a consistent and rational scope of crimes against public order. From the specific perspective of everyday life, Feinberg's theory of minimum welfare interests neglects those kinds of interests that relate to a smooth or harmonious life. Socio-legal perspectives make it clear that safety interests, which directly concern basic living (bodily existence), do not include various kinds of order interests – and thus life order interests in convenience, comfort and peace, distinguishable from safety interests that are protected by English public order laws, can be construed as the public order interest. By critically adopting Feinberg's individualistic approach to analysing public interests in three types of case, the test of being public is further clarified. Typical categories of public order are socially and normatively identified before concluding with a discussion of the effects the identification made by the paper might make to the scope and nature of public order law and offences.
Violence and Atheism in the Age of Abolition
Authors: Bowman Matthew 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis essay offers an interpretation of certain sections of the American abolitionist movement before the Civil War. It posits that many antebellum opponents of slavery and enslaved people alike subscribed to a theory of Christianity that, following Scottish common-sense theology and the experiential, liberation-oriented Christianity of the enslaved, maintained that morality and immorality were equally comprehensible and perceivable to all humanity. When, therefore, reports of physical violence and oppression wreaked upon enslaved people in the South began circulating in the North, the conclusion that slavers must be atheists who were not truly practicing Christianity united both black Christians and white Unitarians in a common critique of slavery. The accusation that slaveholding was a form of atheism lent weight to common fears that slavery was a form of tyranny undermining the potential of American democracy among Northern Americans.