bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Switching ON of Transcription‐Translation System Using GUV Fusion by Co‐supplementation of Calcium with Long‐Chain Polyethylene Glycol
Authors: Uwaguchi Yusuke , Fujiwara Kei , Doi Nobuhide 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGiant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) have been used as a material for bottom‐up synthetic biology. However, due to the semi‐permeability of the membrane, the need for methods to fuse GUVs has increased. To this aim, methods that are simple and show low leakage during fusion are important. In this study, we report a method of GUV fusion by a divalent cation (Ca2+) enhanced with a long chain polyethylene glycol (PEG20k). The methods showed significant GUV fusion without leakage of internal components of GUVs and maintained cell‐free transcription‐translation ability inside the GUVs without external supplementation of macromolecules. We demonstrate that the Ca‐PEG method can be applied for switching ON of transcription‐translation in GUVs in a fusion‐dependent manner. The method developed here can be applied to extend bottom‐up synthetic biology and molecular robotics that use GUVs as a chassis.
Effectiveness of interpersonal psychotherapy for community living depressed women involved with the justice system
Authors: Black Suzie , Bowyer Debra , Graham Patricia , Irvine Fitzpatrick Linda , Pate Kirsty , Woodrow Amanda , Schwannauer Matthias 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundDespite the prevalence of depression among women in the justice system, and its potentially significant consequences, there is a dearth of studies investigating psychological treatments for depression in this context, especially outside prison.AimsOur aim was to gather preliminary data on whether individual interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) is an acceptable and effective treatment for depression in women at an early stage in the justice system.MethodIn this pilot study, IPT was offered to 24 depressed women following their first or second contact with the justice system. The women were assessed using a range of scales to quantify depression, anxiety, post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and social support. Multilevel models were used to explore interactions between change in depression and other features given the multiplicity and complexity of problems. Details on engagement and attrition were also collected.ResultsTherapy attrition was low, despite challenging life‐circumstances and depression scores followed a linear trajectory with scores significantly decreasing over the time (β = −0.59, SE = 0.07, p < 0.001). Participants with more adverse life events, attachment related anxiety and lower social support had poorer outcomes.Conclusions and ImplicationsResults are encouraging. More than half of the hard‐to‐reach women who were eligible did engage, and retention rates suggest the therapy was acceptable to them. Depression scores improved, and potential factors affecting treatment outcome were identified. A randomised controlled trial is now warranted, ensuring adequate supplementary support for women with dependants living on their own and without employment.
The recovery of 15N in the aerial biomass of alfalfa–bahiagrass mixtures
Authors: White Joshua A. , Lemus Rocky , Varco Jac J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAlfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) overseeded into bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flueggé) has the potential to increase nutritive value and dry matter (DM) yield as well as extend the growing season in the southeastern United States. To maximize N2 fixation by alfalfa plants, alfalfa/grass mixtures are typically not fertilized with N. As a result, the grass component can lack in available N for uptake which can be detrimental to grass production. On the other hand, when N fertilizer is applied, the degree of fertilizer recovery by both species is not well understood. The objective of this study was to quantify competitive fertilizer 15N recovery between aerial biomass portions of alfalfa and bahiagrass when grown in a mixture. This was accomplished by using two rates of 15N labeled fertilizer (25 and 50 lb N acre−1) and two application timings (after second and third harvest). Fertilizer recovery was greatest for bahiagrass when application was delayed until after the third harvest (21%). Alfalfa recovered up to 66% of the applied N, when fertilizer was applied after the second harvest of the season while grass averaged <12%. Delaying fertilizer application limited alfalfa fertilizer recovery but did not necessarily increase grass recovery as expected. The percent 15N fertilizer fraction within the grass biomass was similar to that found in alfalfa biomass suggesting a greater reliance on applied fertilizer.
Biocatalytic asymmetric synthesis of (R)‐1‐tetralol using Lactobacillus paracasei BD101
Authors: Kalay Erbay , Şahin Engin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAsymmetric bioreduction of ketones is a fundamental process in the production of organic molecules. Compounds containing tetralone rings are found in the structure of many biologically active and pharmaceutical molecules. Biocatalytic reduction of ketones is one of the most promising and significant routes to prepare optically active alcohols. In this study, the reductive capacity of Lactobacillus paracasei BD101 was investigated as whole‐cell biocatalyst in the enantioselective reduction of 1‐tetralone (1). In biocatalytic reduction reactions, the conversion of the substrate and the enantiomeric excess (ee) of the product are significantly affected by optimization parameters such as temperature, agitation rate, pH, and incubation time. Effects of these parameters on ee and conversion were investigated comprehensively. (R)‐1‐tetralol ((R)‐2), which can be used to treat disorder such as obsessive compulsive, post‐traumatic stress, premenstrual dysphoric, and social anxiety, was manufactured in enantiopure form, high yield and gram‐scale, using whole‐cell biocatalysts of L. paracasei BD101. The 7.04 g of (R)‐2 was obtained in optically pure form with 95% yield. Also, to our knowledge, this is the first report on production of (R)‐2 using whole‐cell biocatalyst in excellent yield, conversion, enantiopure form and gram scale. This is a clean, eco‐friendly and cheap method for the synthesis of (R)‐2 compared with chemical catalyst.
An reinforcement learning approach for allocating software resources
Authors: Yin Xiaojing , Huang Jiwei , Liu Lei , He Wei , Cui Lizhen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSoftware resource allocation is an significant factor of system configuration which plays a critical role in guaranteeing the performance of multitier web service systems. Computing the optimal allocation of different software resources in order to meet performance requirements under dynamic workloads conditions is in highly challenging. Existing approaches mostly rely on translating domain knowledge from experts into computational solutions through heuristics‐based optimization techniques. While such techniques are useful, they cannot leverage actual usage data generated by system users which may contain allocation strategies that are not captured by domain experts' knowledge. In this paper, we propose an iterative feedback mechanism which solves the problem to some extent by optimizing software resource allocation of multitier web systems through imitating system users who have achieved excellent performance. Specifically, we propose a deep Q‐learning network‐based approach for performance prediction to deal with the dynamic changes of complex workloads. The performance prediction method involves the reinforcement learning method for capturing the dynamics of online software resource allocation, and then computing the current optimal policy. We implement the approach in the multitier web benchmark system, and the experimental results demonstrated significant improvement compared to models built based on domain knowledge.
Heterogeneous Catalysis and Parahydrogen‐Induced Polarization
Authors: Pokochueva Ekaterina V. , Burueva Dudari B. , Salnikov Oleg G. , Koptyug Igor V. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractParahydrogen‐induced polarization with heterogeneous catalysts (HET‐PHIP) has been a subject of extensive research in the last decade since its first observation in 2007. While NMR signal enhancements obtained with such catalysts are currently below those achieved with transition metal complexes in homogeneous hydrogenations in solution, this relatively new field demonstrates major prospects for a broad range of advanced fundamental and practical applications, from providing catalyst‐free hyperpolarized fluids for biomedical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to exploring mechanisms of industrially important heterogeneous catalytic processes. This review covers the evolution of the heterogeneous catalysts used for PHIP observation, from metal complexes immobilized on solid supports to bulk metals and single‐atom catalysts and discusses the general visions for maximizing the obtained NMR signal enhancements using HET‐PHIP. Various practical applications of HET‐PHIP, both for catalytic studies and for potential production of hyperpolarized contrast agents for MRI, are described.
An Androsterone‐H2@C60 hybrid: Synthesis, Properties and Molecular Docking Simulations with SARS‐Cov‐2
Authors: Suárez Margarita , Makowski Kamil , Lemos Reinier , Almagro Luis , Rodríguez Hortensia , Herranz María Ángeles , Molero Dolores , Ortiz Orlando , Maroto Enrique , Albericio Fernando , Murata Yasujiro , Martín Nazario 
Published: May 2021

AbstractInvited for this month's cover are the collaborating groups of Dr. Margarita Suárez at Universidad de La Habana, Cuba, and Dr. Nazario Martín at Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain, together with groups at other institutions worldwide. The Front Cover shows a representation of the H2@C60 hybrid molecule with a dehydroepiandrosterone moiety interacting with the active site of the SARS Cov‐2. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/cplu.202000770.
Effects of pulsed resources on the dynamics of seed consumer populations: a comparative demographic study in wild boar
Authors: Gamelon Marlène , Touzot Laura , Baubet Éric , Cachelou Jessica , Focardi Stefano , Franzetti Barbara , Nivois Éveline , Veylit Lara , Sæther Bernt‐Erik 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMast seeding is a well‐known example of pulsed resources in terrestrial ecosystems. Despite the large literature available so far on the effects of mast seeding on the dynamics of seed consumer populations, it remains unknown whether heterogeneity in demographic responses to mast seeding exists both within a population of consumers and among consumer populations. Here, we fill this knowledge gap by assessing the effects of acorn production (i.e., oak mast) on all stage‐specific demographic rates (i.e., survival, growth, reproduction) in several consumer populations. From long‐term capture–mark–recapture data collected in three wild boar populations in Europe and detailed information on annual acorn production, we quantified the effects of acorn production on body mass‐specific demographic rates in these populations. We then built a body mass‐structured population model for each population and assessed the effect of acorn production on generation time—the mean age of mother at childbirth—and population growth rate using a combination of prospective and retrospective demographic analyses. Within populations, acorn production had a positive effect on reproduction (proportion of breeding females) and growth of small‐sized females. Survival remained buffered against environmental variation, in accordance with the demographic buffering hypothesis. Thus, all stage‐specific demographic rates were not influenced in the same way by acorn production. In turn, higher reproduction and growth probabilities involved higher population growth rates and shorter generation times. Despite these common demographic responses to mast seeding among populations, we highlighted marked among‐population variation in the magnitude of these responses. Also, while populations inhabiting resource‐rich environments took advantage of current acorn conditions, populations under resource‐poor environments stored and allocated acorns produced the preceding year to reproduction indicating contrasting breeding tactics along the capital–income continuum. Our results suggest heterogeneity in demographic responses to mast seeding, within and among populations. This is an important finding for our understanding of the effects of mast seeding on the dynamics of seed consumer populations.
Tetrahedral Cu(I) complexes as electrocatalysts for the reduction of protons to dihydrogen gas
Authors: Loke Wen Liang James , Hu Chen , Fan Wai Yip 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFour copper(I) complexes [Cu(MeCN)4]PF6 (1), [Cu(dppe)2]PF6 (2), [Cu(bpy)2]PF6 (3) and [Cu(bpy)(dppe)]PF6 (4) have been used as electrocatalysts in the generation of dihydrogen from proton reduction. Low overpotentials of 0.4 V have been measured using cyclic voltammetry when 1 and 3 were used as the catalysts in the presence of acetic acid as the proton source in acetonitrile. In contrast, a higher overpotential is observed for 4 while 2 is unable to catalyse the process. A mechanism for proton reduction has been proposed.
Real‐world utilization of EGFR TKIs and prognostic factors for survival in EGFR‐mutated non‐small cell lung cancer patients with brain metastases
Authors: Yu Xiaoqing , Sheng Jiamin , Pan Guoqiang , Fan Yun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBrain metastases (BMs) cause morbidity and mortality in patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The optimal management of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‐mutated NSCLC with BM is debatable. We aimed to investigate the impact of different treatments among patients with EGFR‐mutated NSCLC. A cohort of 2058 lung cancer patients with BM between 2013 and 2018 was retrospectively studied. A total of 571 patients with EGFR‐mutated NSCLC and BM were enrolled. All patients had received EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Overall survival (OS) was measured from the diagnosis of BM to death or last follow‐up. With a median follow‐up of 35.2 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 31.8‐38.6), the median survival after BM was 21.3 months (95% CI, 19.0‐23.6). Osimertinib resulted in significantly superior survival after resistance to front‐line TKIs (P < 0.0035); the median OS reached 28.0 months (95% CI, 23.0‐32.9), and the T790M status showed no difference in clinical effectiveness (P = 0.386). The combination of TKIs and chemotherapy/vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors (anti‐VEGF) tended to have longer OS (P = 0.271). Intracranial local radiotherapy significantly improved survival (P = 0.0008). In multivariable analysis, we noted that age, Karnofsky performance score, EGFR mutation type, number of BMs and the presence of extracranial metastasis were independent pretreatment prognostic factors. In conclusion, EGFR TKIs have a significant effect on patients with EGFR‐mutant BM, and the application of osimertinib further improves survival outcomes regardless of T790M status. Patients who undergo intracranial local therapy can achieve a survival benefit.
Total Synthesis in the Trost Laboratories: Selected Milestones From the Past Twenty Years
Authors: Mata Guillaume , Kalnmals Christopher A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSince the early days of his independent career, Prof. Barry M. Trost has maintained a keen interest in complex molecule synthesis. Over the past 55 years, Trost and coworkers have reported syntheses of more than 260 natural products, pharmaceuticals, and other complex biomolecules – a truly extraordinary feat and an incredible testament to Prof. Trost's inventiveness and ingenuity. Even more remarkably, Trost generated more than half of this output – as well as some of his most daring and ambitious syntheses – in just the past twenty years. This review provides a brief summary of all total syntheses from the Trost laboratories since 2000, as well as more detailed vignettes of sixteen particularly notable campaigns, including conquests of callipeltoside A, galanthamine and three related alkaloids, agelastatin A, terpestacin, pseudolaric acid B, ushikolide A, bryostatin 16, laulimalide, aeruginosin 98B, lasonolide A, perophoramidine, leustroducsin B,des‐epoxy‐amphidinolide N, bulleyanaline and three related alkaloids, and bryostatin 3.
Candidal emphysematous pyelonephritis: A case report on rare and challenging clinical entity
Authors: Thapa Bibechan , Bhusal Narayan 
Published: May 2021

IntroductionEmphysematous pyelonephritis is a rare, severe acute necrotizing infection characterized by the presence of gas within the renal parenchyma, collecting system, and perirenal tissue. It is an aggressive disease with high morbidity and mortality. Patients have female preponderance and commonly have uncontrolled diabetes. It is caused most commonly by Escherichia coli and very rarely by Candida species. Unlike others, candidal emphysematous pyelonephritis has an indistinctive presentation and diagnosed late, thus delaying prompt treatment.Case presentationA 35‐year‐old Type 2 diabetic woman developed pyelonephritis. Computerized tomography revealed the gas in the renal parenchyma, establishing the diagnosis. Cultures isolated Candida albicans as a causative organism. The patient was treated successfully with nephrectomy as initial medical therapy and percutaneous nephrostomy failed.ConclusionRare causative agent should be suspected if clinical presentation is indistinctive and conservative management fails. Nephrectomy is still preferred in such patients.
Benefits of a soil surfactant on putting greens under dry and wet conditions
Authors: Aamlid Trygve S. , Pettersen Trond 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSoil surfactants are applied to alleviate soil water repellency (SWR). The ability of surfactants to improve turfgrass quality under dry conditions is well documented, but less information exists about their role in situations with water surplus. Our objective was to study responses to monthly application of the surfactant Qualibra® (20 L ha–1) under dry and wet conditions on a sand‐based green covered with creeping bentgrass. Dry conditions implied irrigation to field capacity (FC) once a week (FC1) in 2014 (a year with warm and dry weather from May through July) and deficit irrigation to 60% of FC once a week (DEF1) in 2015 (May through July cool and wet). Wet conditions implied excessive irrigation twice a week (EX2) with 50% more water than needed to replenish FC. The surfactant decreased the average soil water content of the surface 7.5 cm of the root zone from 0.193 to 0.168 m3 m–3 in 2014 and from 0.191 to 0.171 m3 m–3 in 2015. In 2015, the reduction in SWC was stronger with EX2 than with DEF1 irrigation, and this was accompanied by less organic matter accumulation on plots receiving EX2 irrigation. The surfactant reduced the water drop penetration time (WDPT) regardless of irrigation treatments, but improved turfgrass quality only with DEF1 irrigation in 2015. A harder playing surface due to Qualibra® was not observed in 2014 and only at one out of six observations with EX2 irrigation in 2015. We conclude that surfactants imply various benefits depending on water supply.
Early Discrimination Between Tumor-Induced Rickets/Osteomalacia and X-Linked Hypophosphatemia in Chinese Children and Adolescents: A Retrospective Case–Control Study
Authors: Jiajue Ruizhi , Ni Xiaolin , Jin Chenxi , Huo Li , Wu Huanwen , Liu Yong , Jin Jin , Yu Wei , Lv Wei , Zhou Lian , Xia Yu , Chi Yue , Cui Lijia , Pang Qianqian , Li Xiang , Jiang Yan , Wang Ou , Li Mei , Xing Xiaoping , Meng Xunwu , Xia Weibo 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
In children and adolescents, distinguishing tumor-induced rickets/osteomalacia (TIR/O) from hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets/osteomalacia (HR/O) is a medical challenge. We retrospectively studied 10 Chinese children and adolescents with TIR/O who underwent surgery at a mean age of 17.4 ± 2.1 years and compared their characteristics to 24 age- and sex-matched patients with X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH). Positive family history of HR/O and dental problems, such as enamel hypoplasia and dental abscess, were reported in 8 (33.3%) and 5 (20.8%) patients with XLX, respectively, but not in patients with TIR/O. In addition, in comparison with XLH patients, TIR/O patients had an older disease onset age (150 versus 24 months, p &lt; 0.001), a higher height standard deviation score (SDS; −1.2 ± 1.8 versus −4.0 ± 1.4, p &lt; 0.001), a lower Z-score of bone mineral density (BMD) at lumbar spine (LS) (−3.9 [6.0] versus +1.8 [7.0], p &lt; 0.001), and a higher serum intact fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) level (500.27 ± 87.20 versus 121.71 ± 70.94 pg/mL, p &lt; 0.001), corresponding to a lower serum phosphate level (0.52 ± 0.07 versus 0.64 ± 0.11 mmol/L, p = 0.005) and a higher serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level (557 [631] versus 305 [249] U/L, p = 0.005). We generated receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and calculated the area under the ROC curve (AUC). The AUCs of onset age, FGF23, and LS Z-score were equal to 1, suggesting that these are excellent indices for the differential diagnosis between TIR/O and XLH. In summary, our study furthers our understanding of the spectrum of clinical, biochemical, and pathologic findings associated with TIR/O. For children and adolescent patients with HR/O, a comprehensive and careful clinical and laboratory evaluation is of great importance, and we recommend enquiry of the family history, onset age, and dental problems, as well as measurement of serum FGF23 and BMD. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Targeted resequencing showing novel common and rare genetic variants increases the risk of asthma in the Chinese Han population
Authors: Liu Juan , Deng Yanhan , Yu Bo , Mo Biwen , Luo Liman , Yang Jingping , Zhang Xiaoju , Wang Zheng , Wang Yingnan , Zhu Jing , Yang Hua , Fang Shirong , Cheng Zhenshun , Li Jingping , Shu Ying , Luo Guangwei , Xiong Weining , Wei Jianghong , Li Zongzhe 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough studies have identified hundreds of genetic variants associated with asthma risk, a large fraction of heritability remains unexplained, especially in Chinese individuals.MethodsTo identify genetic risk factors for asthma in a Han Chinese population, 211 asthma‐related genes were first selected based on database searches. The genes were then sequenced for subjects in a Discovery Cohort (284 asthma patients and 205 older healthy controls) using targeted next‐generation sequencing. Bioinformatics analysis and statistical association analyses were performed to reveal the associations between rare/common variants and asthma, respectively. The identified common risk variants underwent a validation analysis using a Replication Cohort (664 patients and 650 controls).ResultsFirst, we identified 18 potentially functional rare loss‐of‐function (LOF) variants in 21/284 (7.4%) of the asthma cases. Second, using burden tests, we found that the asthma group had nominally significant (p < 0.05) burdens of rare nonsynonymous variants in 10 genes. Third, 23 common single‐nucleotide polymorphisms were associated with the risk of asthma, 7/23 (30.4%) and 9/23 (39.1%) of which were modestly significant (p < 9.1 × 10−4) in the Replication Cohort and Combined Cohort, respectively. According to our cumulative risk model involving the modestly associated alleles, middle‐ and high‐risk subjects had a 2.0‐fold (95% CI: 1.621–2.423, p = 2.624 × 10−11) and 6.0‐fold (95% CI: 3.623–10.156, p = 7.086 × 10−12) increased risk of asthma, respectively, compared with low‐risk subjects.ConclusionThis study revealed novel rare and common genetic risk factors for asthma, and provided a cumulative risk model for asthma risk prediction and stratification in Han Chinese individuals.