bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of animal shelter sound on cat behaviour and welfare
Authors: Eagan BH , Gordon E , Fraser D 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study assessed how sound affected fear- and maintenance-related behaviour in singly housed cats (Felis silvestris catus) in an animal shelter. Two daily 30-min observation sessions (morning and evening) were made for 98 cats from admittance for ten days or until the cat was removed. Cat behaviour and presence of sound (classified by the source) were recorded by instantaneous and one-zero sampling with 15-s intervals. Each 30-min observation session was classified as ‘quiet’ or ‘noisy’ if the one-zero score for presence of sound was above or below the median of sessions at that time of day. To ensure that cats had at least two complete days of comparable observations, statistical analysis was restricted to the 70 cats (30 females, 40 males) present for two or more weekdays. Cats varied widely in the amount of fear and maintenance behaviour they performed. Males showed less fear and maintenance behaviour than females. Morning sessions consistently had much more sound than evenings, and cats showed more fear behaviour and less maintenance behaviour in the mornings. Cats showed more fear behaviour in noisy morning sessions than quiet ones, with no comparable difference in maintenance behaviour. Where sessions included a pronounced transition in sound, fear-related behaviour was more common after a transition from quiet to noisy and less common after a transition from noisy to quiet The results show that shelter cats vary greatly in their responses and suggest that sound in shelter environments can substantially affect their behaviour. Lowering sound levels in shelters may help improve cat welfare.
A follow-up study of exercise test results and severity of brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome signs in brachycephalic dogs
Authors: Aromaa M , Rajamäki MM , Lilja-Maula L 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTo promote successful breeding against brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS), it is important to assess how BOAS signs progress during young adulthood and how evaluation age and ageing affect the results of chosen breeding selection tools. The aims of this study were to assess how veterinary-assessed and owner-reported BOAS signs and exercise test results change when dogs age. Eight English Bulldogs, 25 French Bulldogs, and 31 Pugs that had undergone previous evaluation were re-examined 2— 3 years later. An owner questionnaire regarding BOAS signs, a veterinary assessment of BOAS severity, and exercise, ie walk tests were re-performed. In Pugs, both 6-min walking distance and 1,000-m time worsened and the initial evaluation age had a significant effect on the 1,000-m time. No significant changes were seen in the results of the French Bulldogs but a negative effect on the 1,000-m time was seen with weight gain. Exercise test statistics were not performed with regard to English Bulldogs due to low sample size. The veterinary-assessed BOAS severity class remained the same in the majority of dogs and the BOAS grade worsened mostly in those dogs that were initially evaluated at less than two years of age. Most owners reported no major changes in BOAS severity. BOAS grading and walk tests were easy to repeat and results remained relatively constant in dogs initially evaluated at over two years of age, supporting the use of these breeding selection tools. However, further, large-scale offspring studies are still needed.
VÉCU DES INTERVENANTS ET RÔLE DE LA RÉGULATION ÉMOTIONNELLE FACE AUX COMPORTEMENTS DIFFICILES DES PERSONNES AYANT UNE DÉFICIENCE INTELLECTUELLE
Authors: Otis Ann-Sophie , Maheux1 Julie 
Published: October 2021

Cet article documente le vécu de 120 intervenants québécois oeuvrant auprès des personnes ayant une déficience intellectuelle et pouvant présenter des comportements difficiles (CD). Une analyse descriptive illustre le niveau d’exposition et les catégories de CD rapportées par les intervenants, ainsi que les impacts perçus par ces derniers. Les données soutiennent que ces intervenants effectuent un travail psychologiquement exigeant et suscitant de vives réactions. Leur niveau de régulation émotionnelle (RE), habileté permettant de mieux gérer les émotions induites par un événement stressant, a été mesuré à l’aide du questionnaire DERS. Une analyse de régression a montré qu’une meilleure RE est associée à moins de détresse psychologique. Aucun lien n’a été trouvé entre le niveau d’exposition et la détresse psychologique.
A opção preferencial pelos pobres em Santa Dulce dos Pobres
Authors: Cardoso Ribeiro Edilmar 
Published: October 2021

Santa Dulce dos Pobres (1914-1992), ao longo de sua vida, deu início, desenvolveu e sustentou um intenso apostolado social de total dedicação aos pobres, deixando um legado que constitui um dos maiores complexos filantrópicos sociais do Brasil. O objetivo deste artigo é examinar a opção preferencial pelos pobres em Santa Dulce. Por meio de um estudo qualitativo e bibliográfico, o trabalho apresenta a opção preferencial pelos pobres de Santa Dulce como uma radical experiência de amor e serviço, de solidariedade e fraternidade para com os mais necessitados; explica como a opção de Santa Dulce ilumina e é estimulada pela opção preferencial pelos pobres do Episcopado Latino-Americano nas Conferência Gerais de Medellín (1968), de Puebla (1979), de Santo Domingo (1992) e de Aparecida (2007); esclarece como a opção de Santa Dulce se fundamenta no amor a Cristo sofredor, presente no rosto do pobre, o outro Cristo; e, por fim, propõe Santa Dulce como a boa samaritana da Bahia.
Correction of Soil Acidity in an Organic System of Shadowed Coffee
Authors: Casimiro Piscoya Victor , Gonçalves Crespo Cristiane Maria , Araújo Filho Renisson Neponuceno de , Mendes Policarpo Julyane Silva , Lima Cavalcanti Nayane Laisa de , Alves Souza Taiza Karla , Moraes Alex Souza , Cunha Filho Moacyr , Moura Pessoa Gabriel Carlos , Pereira de Melo Robson Carlos , Gomes Tavares Rosangela , Brunes Feitosa Thaiana , Fernandes Milton Marques , Gomes Filho Raimundo Rodrigues , Aires Dias João Lucas , Vidal Santos Luiz Diego 
Published: October 2021

Through sustainable agriculture it is possible to explore the coffee culture in consortium with native forests in more rugged reliefs, as coffee is a permanent crop in addition to the climatic conditions offered by the swamps that favor its development. Given the above, the present work proposes, based on the acidity results, to quantify the need for correctives in the soil to obtain a better nutritional use offered by agroforestry cultivation of organic coffee in the shade with favorable results to increase productivity and, consequently, the farmer's profit. The research was carried out at the Várzea da Onça farm, in the Yaguara Ecological Complex, located in the municipality of Taquaritinga do Norte, Borborema plateau, in the Agreste Pernambuco mesoregion. Altitude, it is necessary to adopt appropriate management techniques that guarantee production, soil conservation and biodiversity, proposing soil correction to guarantee the ideal nutritional conditions for coffee growth. For this purpose, soil samples were collected in the Top (T), Hillside (E) and Pedimento (P) ranges at depths of 0-20, 20-40 and 40-60 cm when planting shaded coffee and soil samples from Native Forest (MN) preserved and legally protected from the Brejo de Taquaritinga. Active, exchangeable and potential acidity were analyzed, as well as the sum of bases, the potential and effective cation exchange capacity, base saturation and aluminum saturation. The results obtained were subjected to analysis of variance and the means were tested at 5% by the Tukey test. A potential of the system was found with low to very low natural fertility, with a strongly acidic reaction. Thus, adequate soil management and correction techniques are necessary for the crop to absorb all the nutrients made available by the organic matter present on the surface, concluding that all slopes require liming, the slope of Hillside and Mata Nativa they also need plastering for the culture to develop properly.
Enhancement of Vehicle Dynamics with Application of H Arm at Rear Suspension System
Authors: Pavan Kumar Kalyan , Vemula Charita , Sai Baba B. 
Published: October 2021

The conventional design and manufacturing of rear suspension system in All terrain Vehicles were Double wishbone, Semi trailing arm, Mcpherson strut and torsion bar but to overcome the adverse effects such as wheel wobbling, Uncontrolled Toe and power losses from transmission. So by introducing a H-arm suspension system at the rear end of the vehicle can improve the performance of the vehicle by keeping it stable and able to sustain all the incoming loads from the ground and provides a comfortable drive and by maintaining a constant Toe which will improve the transmission. The primary objective of the suspension system in the ATV is to maximise the contact between the tires and the road surface, providing good handling and steering stability, evenly distributed weight throughout the vehicle and ensuring riders safety also comfort by absorbing the shocks from the terrain. Ansys solver is used for analysis, lotus shark used for the simulation and the modelling is done by using Solidworks 19. Fabrication of the system was done according to the Design values, run- virtual compliance test is performed for checking the vehicle dynamics.
Maternal and Infant Health Outcomes in US-Born and Non–US-Born Black Pregnant People in the US
Authors: Jiles Mariah , Prata Ndola , Harley Kim G. 
Published: December 2024

ImportanceWith disparate Black maternal health outcomes in the US and a steadily expanding non–US-born Black population, it is beneficial to investigate Black maternal health outcomes by country of origin.ObjectiveTo compare the prevalence of maternal morbidity and infant birth outcomes between US-born and non–US-born Black populations in the US.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study included all registered hospital births in the US from the 2021 National Vital Statistics Systems (NVSS) Natality Data. Eligible patients identified as Black, excluding those who were younger than 15 years, gave birth to twins or multiple infants, gave birth outside of a hospital, or were missing data for maternal morbidity, nativity, or study covariates.ExposuresMaternal birthplace, characterized as born within the US or born outside of the US.Main Outcomes and MeasuresFive maternal morbidities (ie, maternal transfusion, perineal laceration, ruptured uterus, unplanned hysterectomy, admission to intensive care unit) and two birth outcomes (low birthweight, preterm birth). Logistic regression analyses were utilized to calculate the associations of maternal morbidity and adverse birth outcome with maternal birthplace.ResultsOf a total 3 669 928 registered births in the US in 2021, 499 409 births to mothers who identified as Black were included in analysis; the majority of individuals were aged 20 to 24 years (117 173 [23.5%]), 25 to 29 years (142 890 [28.6%]), or 30 to 34 years (123 485 [24.7%]). Maternal birthplace in the US was associated with a decreased odds of experiencing any maternal morbidity (4411 of 403 822 births [1.1%]) compared with Black people born outside of the US (1593 of 95 587 births [1.7%]) (aOR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.62-0.71). US-born Black people were significantly less likely to experience 3 of 5 maternal morbidities compared with non–US-born Black people: maternal transfusion (aOR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.78-0.97), perineal laceration (aOR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.39-0.48), and ruptured uterus (aOR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.45-0.89). US-born Black people also had a nonsignificant decrease in odds for unplanned hysterectomy (aOR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.56-1.05) and admission to intensive care unit (aOR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.79-1.07). However, they were at increased odds of experiencing key adverse infant health outcomes, including low birthweight (aOR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.58-1.67) and preterm birth (aOR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.47-1.55).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study, significant differences were observed in odds of maternal morbidity and birth outcomes by maternal birthplace within the Black pregnant population in the US. This suggests the need for increased assessment of nativity in Black maternal health research and specific strategies to reduce morbidity for non–US-born populations.
Molecular Testing for the World Health Organization Classification of Central Nervous System Tumors
Authors: Horbinski Craig , Solomon David A. , Lukas Rimas V. , Packer Roger J. , Brastianos Priscilla , Wen Patrick Y. , Snuderl Matija , Berger Mitchel S. , Chang Susan , Fouladi Maryam , Phillips Joanna J. , Nabors Burt , Brat Daniel J. , Huse Jason T. , Aldape Kenneth , Sarkaria Jann N. , Holdhoff Matthias , Burns Terry C. , Peters Katherine B. , Mellinghoff Ingo K. , Arons David , Galanis Evanthia 
Published: December 2024

ImportanceMolecular techniques, including next-generation sequencing, genomic copy number profiling, fusion transcript detection, and genomic DNA methylation arrays, are now indispensable tools for the workup of central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Yet there remains a great deal of heterogeneity in using such biomarker testing across institutions and hospital systems. This is in large part because there is a persistent reluctance among third-party payers to cover molecular testing. The objective of this Review is to describe why comprehensive molecular biomarker testing is now required for the accurate diagnosis and grading and prognostication of CNS tumors and, in so doing, to justify more widespread use by clinicians and coverage by third-party payers.ObservationsThe 5th edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification system for CNS tumors incorporates specific molecular signatures into the essential diagnostic criteria for most tumor entities. Many CNS tumor types cannot be reliably diagnosed according to current WHO guidelines without molecular testing. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network also incorporates molecular testing into their guidelines for CNS tumors. Both sets of guidelines are maximally effective if they are implemented routinely for all patients with CNS tumors. Moreover, the cost of these tests is less than 5% of the overall average cost of caring for patients with CNS tumors and consistently improves management. This includes more accurate diagnosis and prognostication, clinical trial eligibility, and prediction of response to specific treatments. Each major group of CNS tumors in the WHO classification is evaluated and how molecular diagnostics enhances patient care is described.Conclusions and RelevanceRoutine advanced multidimensional molecular profiling is now required to provide optimal standard of care for patients with CNS tumors.
Ultra-Widefield Optical Coherence Tomography Beyond the Ora Serrata in Retinopathy of Prematurity
Authors: Roti Elizabeth V. , Ni Shuibin , Bayhaqi Yakub , Ostmo Susan R. , Burt Spencer S. , Woodward Mani K. , Jackson John D. , Coyner Aaron S. , Chiang Michael F. , Huang David , Campbell J. Peter , Jian Yifan , Young Benjamin K. 
Published: December 2024

ImportanceCapturing high-quality images of the entire peripheral retina while minimizing the use of scleral depression could increase the quality of examinations for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) while reducing neonatal stress.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether an investigational handheld ultra-widefield optical coherence tomography (UWF-OCT) device without scleral depression can be used to document high-quality images of the peripheral retina for use in ROP examinations.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis was a prospective, cross-sectional study in the neonatal intensive care unit at a single academic medical center. Study participants were neonates in the neonatal intensive care unit who met standard ROP screening criteria (birth weight ≤1500 g; gestational age ≤30 weeks). Examinations were performed from January 2, 2023, to May 12, 2024. Data analysis was performed in July 2024.ExposureAn investigational, contact-based, 800-kHz, 140° (visual angle) UWF-OCT field-of-view handheld device was used during regular ROP examinations.Main Outcomes and MeasuresImages from each examination were captured using the UWF-OCT device, and the zone, stage, and presence of plus disease were diagnosed. If the UWF-OCT system was unable to capture diagnosis, this was recorded.ResultsA total of 507 examinations were performed on 83 neonates (mean [SD] birth weight, 905.1 [362.5] g; mean [SD] gestational age, 189.5 [19.1] days) with this system. The vascular border and disease was able to be visualized in 100% of cases, including to and beyond zone III. In some cases, images were able to clearly demonstrate the ora serrata and even the ciliary body.Conclusions and RelevanceThe UWF-OCT device was able to be safely used to perform ROP screenings and subsequent evaluations and provided volumetric imaging of the ora serrata and sometimes the ciliary body. The findings suggest that such devices may be associated with reduced technical challenges of capturing the entire peripheral retina in telemedicine programs, may reduce pain and stress for delicate neonates owing to the reduced use of scleral depression, and, with adaptation of the system, could potentially allow for peripheral imaging of the whole retina in older children and adults.
Do the Provisional Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation Enthesitis/Spondylitis‐Related Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Criteria Capture Youth With Axial Spondyloarthritis?
Authors: Weiss Pamela F. , Brandon Timothy G. , Aggarwal Amita , Burgos‐Vargas Ruben , Colbert Robert A. , Horneff Gerd , Laxer Ronald M. , Minden Kirsten , Ravelli Angelo , Ruperto Nicolino , Smith Judith A. , Stoll Matthew L. , Tse Shirley M. , Van den Bosch Filip , Maksymowych Walter P. , Lambert Robert G. , Biko David M. , Chauvin Nancy A. , Francavilla Michael L. , Jaremko Jacob L. , Herregods Nele , Kasapcopur Ozgur , Yildiz Mehmet , Srinivasalu Hemalatha , Hendry Alison M. , Joos Rik 
Published: December 2024

ObjectiveThe Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation (PRINTO) recently undertook an effort to better harmonize the pediatric and adult arthritis criteria. These provisional criteria are being refined for optimal performance. We aimed to investigate differences between patients who did and did not fulfill these PRINTO criteria among youth diagnosed with juvenile spondyloarthritis (SpA) that met axial juvenile SpA (axJSpA) classification criteria.MethodsThis was a retrospective cross‐sectional sample of youth diagnosed with juvenile SpA who met the axJSpA classification criteria. Demographics, clinical manifestations, and physician and patient‐reported outcomes were abstracted from medical records. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans underwent central imaging review by at least two central raters. Differences between groups were compared using Wilcoxon signed‐rank test or chi‐square test, as appropriate.ResultsOf 158 patients who met axJSpA criteria, 107 patients (68%) met the PRINTO provisional criteria for enthesitis/spondylitis‐related arthritis. A total of 41 patients (26%) did not fulfill any of the three major PRINTO criteria due to lack of peripheral disease manifestations. Demographics, prevalence of inflammatory or structural lesions on MRI, family history of SpA, and duration of pain were not statistically different between those who did and did not meet PRINTO criteria. Those who fulfilled the PRINTO criteria had significantly more peripheral arthritis, enthesitis, and HLA‐B27 positivity but reported less sacral/buttock pain.ConclusionPhenotypic differences of children with axJSpA between those who were and were not classified by the PRINTO criteria were primarily due to peripheral disease manifestations and HLA‐B27 positivity. Modification of the PRINTO provisional criteria may facilitate capture of youth with primarily axial disease.
A Novel Filtering Based Maximum Likelihood Generalized Extended Gradient Method for Multivariable Nonlinear Systems
Authors: Chen Feiyan , Liu Qinyao , Ding Feng 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis study proposes a filtering based maximum likelihood generalized extended gradient algorithm for multivariable nonlinear systems with autoregressive moving average noises. The parameter estimates are obtained by minimizing the half squared residual measurement which can approach the true values. An auxiliary model is also established with the measurable information of the system, and the output of the auxiliary model is used to replace the unmeasurable variables of the system, so that the output of the auxiliary model approximates these unmeasurable variables, so as to obtain the consistent estimation of the system parameters. A maximum likelihood generalized extended gradient algorithm is derived for comparison and a numerical example is provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed method and the estimates converge to the actual values quickly.
Annelids‐Inspired Modular Design of Multi‐Modal Deformation for Magnetic Soft Robots
Authors: Nong Shutong , Sun Yuxuan , Sun Boxi , Li Xingxiang , Zhu Zhengqing , Wu Jiyang , Li Dongxiao , Li Weihua , Zhang Shiwu , Li Mujun 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMagnetic‐responsive soft materials have found extensive applications in biomedicine, robotics, and bionics. They can achieve complex deformations through structural design, magnetization patterns, and driving magnetic fields. However, due to the infinite degrees of freedom in soft materials, more efficient design methods for magnetic soft materials need to be explored. Here, a multimodal unit programming method is proposed for designing hard magnetic soft materials. The structure of the multimodal units is inspired by the segmented structure of earthworms. By altering the combination of single‐tube units, the dual‐tube units exhibit specific deformation modes. This approach simplifies the complex deformation of magnetic soft materials into the single deformations of units, enabling facile programming design of magnetic soft materials. The application of different deformation modes is demonstrated in various scenarios and scale down the units to one‐tenth of their original size for operations at different scales. This further uncovering the potential of magnetic soft materials and providing ideas for their efficient design.
Optimization Strategies for Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction Based on Atomically Dispersed Copper: A Review
Authors: Li Yuan , Guan Bin , Zhuang Zhongqi , Chen Junyan , Zhu Lei , Ma Zeren , Hu Xuehan , Zhu Chenyu , Zhao Sikai , Shu Kaiyou , Dang Hongtao , Zhu Tiankui , Huang Zhen 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe electroreduction reaction of CO2 (eCO2RR) is considered an effective pathway for clean fuel production, greenhouse gas reduction, and resource recycling. Atomically dispersed catalysts exhibit excellent catalytic activity due to the high dispersion of atoms, especially for atomically dispersed copper (AD Cu). Although copper‐based materials are considered major single component materials capable of producing multi‐carbon products, the reaction mechanism is usually not very clear. For AD Cu catalysts, the dynamic transformation of Cu species in the form of single atoms, (nano)clusters, and ions during the reaction process significantly has an effect on the performance of eCO2RR. The core issue that needs to be addressed is how to control and tune the aggregation of Cu atoms to make it most favorable for the desired product or reaction pathways. This review summarizes the optimization strategies for AD Cu in recent years from three main perspectives: interface engineering, electrode engineering, and external field coupling.