bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corrigendum: Identifying single electron charge sensor events using wavelet edge detection (2015 Nanotechnology
26 215201)
Authors: Prance J R , Van Bael B J , Simmons C B , Savage D E , Lagally M G , Friesen Mark , Coppersmith S N , Eriksson M A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The simulated noise used to benchmark wavelet edge detection in this work was described incorrectly. The correct description is given here, and new results based on noise that matches the original description are provided. The results support our original conclusion, which is that wavelet edge detection outperforms thresholding in the presence of white noise and 1/f noise.
Nanometer-scaled landscape of polymer: fullerene blends mapped with visible s-SNOM
Authors: Lee Ya-Rong , Huang Cheng-Chia , Huang Wen-Yu , Chen Chin-Ti , Huang Ping-Tsung , Wang Juen-Kai 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Bulk heterojunction is one key concept leading to breakthrough in organic photovoltaics. The active layer is expectantly formed of distinct morphologies that carry out their respective roles in photovoltaic performance. The morphology-performance relationship however remains stymied, because unequivocal morphology at the nanoscale is not available. We used scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy operating with a visible light source (visible s-SNOM) to disclose the nanomorphology of P3HT:PCBM and pBCN:PCBM blends. Donor and acceptor domain as well as intermixed phase were identified and their intertwined distributions were mapped. We proposed energy landscapes of the BHJ active layer to shed light on the roles played by these morphologies in charge separation, transport and recombination. This study shows that visible s-SNOM is capable of profiling the morphological backdrop pertaining to the operation of high performance organic solar cells.
Controlled synthesis of tungsten trioxide with globular clusters constructed of nanoplates by rapid breakdown anodization
Authors: Wu Shizhao , Lu Xiaofeng , Gao Hanlu , Zheng Shitao , Gao Jing , Chen Lihui , Li Guohua 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Herein, electrochemical synthesis of tungsten trioxide (WO3) with globular clusters constructed of nanoplates is demonstrated. Under a breakdown anodization potential of 25 V at 50 °C, tungsten foil anode was efficiently electro-oxidized into WO3 nanoplates-aggragated globular clusters powder, rather than a thin film structure as conventional anodization occurs. The WO3 globular clusters were characterized by SEM, TEM, and XRD. Effects of electrolyte composition on the breakdown anodization of the W substrate has been discussed. It is suggested that the growth of the WO3 nanoplates is initiated by localized anodic dielectric breakdown, and followed by an effective crystal growth in the electrolyte at high breakdown field.
Changes to Eye Whiteness and Eyelid/Brow Position With Topical Oxymetazoline in Aesthetic Patients
Authors: Ugradar Shoaib , Kim Jane S , Trost Noelle , Parunakian Emanuil , Zimmerman Erin , Ameli Kambiz , Shoji Marissa K , Lee Wendy W 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
Oxymetazoline hydrochloride 0.1% ophthalmic solution has recently been approved in the United States for the treatment of ptosis.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to assess the upper and lower eyelid position as well as the brow position and the color of the sclera following the ophthalmic administration of oxymetazoline hydrochloride 0.1%.

Methods
In this prospective cohort study, consecutive patients presenting with ptosis received topical oxymetazoline 0.1%. The primary outcome was measurement of the upper eyelid height (margin-to-reflex distance 1 [MRD1]) and lower eyelid height (MRD2) relative to the center of pupil, along with assessment of brow height, measured on photographs at baseline and 2 hours after instillation of oxymetazoline. The secondary outcome was the assessment of the color of the sclera (eye whiteness) before and after treatment with a novel color space algorithm.

Results
Twenty-nine patients participated in the study. The mean [SD] MRD1 at baseline was 2.3 [0.6] mm. At 2 hours following oxymetazoline treatment, the mean MRD1 significantly increased to 4.2 [0.9] mm (P &lt; 0.01). The mean MRD2 also significantly increased from 5.3 [0.9] mm to 5.7 [1.0] mm (P &lt; 0.01). Brow position did not change with treatment (P = 0.4). Following treatment, the eye sclera became significantly whiter, with a mean ΔEab (color change) of 9.7 [3.9], with 57 out of 58 eyes experiencing a significant change in color. A change of ΔEab ≥2 is considered visually perceptible to the human eye.

Conclusions
Within 2 hours of use, oxymetazoline significantly improves the size of the palpebral aperture (MRD1 + MRD2) and also makes the eye appear significantly whiter.

Level of Evidence: 4
Antioxidant p-terphenyl compound, isolated from edible mushroom, Boletopsis leucomelas
Authors: Sofian Ferry Ferdiansyah , Kikuchi Nodoka , Koseki Takuya , Kanno Yuko , Uesugi Shota , Shiono Yoshihito 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
A new acetyl p-terphenyl derivative, boletopsin 15, was isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of fruit bodies of the Basidiomycete Boletopsis leucomelas, together with 4 known compounds. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by spectral analysis as well as by directly comparing the spectral data of the new compound with those of known compounds. The free radical-scavenging activity of the compounds was assayed using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging method. The results showed that compounds 1 and 2 exhibited significant antioxidant activity (1: EC50 = 2.1 µm and 2: EC50 = 6.6 µm).
A Combination therapy using an mTOR inhibitor and Honokiol effectively induces autophagy through the modulation of AXL and Rubicon in renal cancer cells and restricts renal tumor growth following organ transplantation
Authors: Sabarwal Akash , Wedel Johannes , Liu Kaifeng , Zurakowski David , Chakraborty Samik , Flynn Evelyn , Briscoe David M , Balan Murugabaskar , Pal Soumitro 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Development of cancer, including renal cancer, is a major problem in immunosuppressed patients. The mTOR inhibitor Rapamycin (RAPA) is used as an immunosuppressive agent in patients with organ transplants and other immunological disorders; and it also has antitumorigenic potential. However, long-term use of RAPA causes reactivation of Akt, and ultimately leads to enhanced tumor growth. Honokiol (HNK) is a natural compound, which possesses both anti-inflammatory and antitumorigenic properties. In this study, we investigated the effect of a novel combination therapy using RAPA + HNK on allograft survival and post-transplantation renal tumor growth. We observed that it effectively modulated the expression of some key regulatory molecules (like Carabin, an endogenous Ras inhibitor; and Rubicon, a negative regulator of autophagy) that play important roles in tumor cell growth and survival. This combination induced toxic autophagy and apoptosis to promote cancer cell death; and was associated with a reduced expression of the tumor-promoting receptor tyrosine kinase AXL. Finally, we utilized a novel murine model to examine the effect of RAPA + HNK on post-transplantation renal tumor growth. The combination treatment prolonged the allograft survival and significantly inhibited post-transplantation tumor growth. It was associated with reduced tumor expression of Rubicon and the cytoprotective/antioxidant heme oxygenase-1 to overcome therapeutic resistance. It also downregulated the coinhibitory programmed death-1 ligand, which plays major role(s) in the immune escape of tumor cells. Together, this combination treatment has a great potential to restrict renal tumor growth in transplant recipients as well as other immunosuppressed patients.
Comparative analysis of tools to predict rapid progression in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
Authors: Naranjo Javier , Furlano Mónica , Torres Ferran , Hernandez Jonathan , Pybus Marc , Ejarque Laia , Cordoba Christian , Guirado Lluis , Ars Elisabet , Torra Roser 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT

Background
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common genetic kidney disease and shows a wide phenotype. Only patients with rapid progression (RP) are included in clinical trials or are approved to receive disease-modifying drugs. This study aims at comparing different available predictive tools in ADPKD with the Mayo classification (MC) identification of rapid progressors based on high total kidney volume (TKV) according to age.

Methods
A total of 164 ADPKD patients were recruited retrospectively from a single centre. The performance of diverse tools to identify RP defined as being in MC categories 1C–1E was assessed.

Results
A total of 118 patients were MC 1C–1E. The algorithm developed by the European Renal Association–European Dialysis and Transplant Association Working Group on Inherited Kidney Disorders/European Renal Best Practice had a low sensitivity in identifying MC 1C–1E. The sensitivity and specificity of TKV to predict RP depend on the cut-off used. A kidney length of &gt;16.5 cm before age 45 years has high specificity but low sensitivity. Assessing the MC by ultrasonography had high levels of agreement with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data, especially for 1A, 1D and 1E. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline was very sensitive but had low specificity. In contrast, the Predicting Renal Outcome in Polycystic Kidney Disease (PROPKD) score was very specific but had poor sensitivity. Having hypertension before 35 years of age is a good clinical predictor of MC 1C–1E. Family history can be of help in suggesting RP, but by itself it lacks sufficient sensitivity and specificity.

Conclusions
The MC by ultrasonography could be an option in hospitals with limited access to MRI as it performs well generally, and especially at the extremes of the MC, i.e. classes 1A, 1D and 1E. The eGFR decline is sensitive but not very specific when compared with the MC, whereas the PROPKD score is very specific but has low sensitivity. Integrating the different tools currently available to determine RP should facilitate the identification of rapid progressors among patients with ADPKD.
A case report of late physiologic repair of congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries and pulmonary stenosis in a severely cyanotic patient: better late than never
Authors: Ferrero Paolo , Chessa Massimo , Varrica Alessandro , Giamberti Alessandro 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
Patients with congenitally corrected transposition of great arteries (ccTGA) not infrequently seek medical attention for the first time late in life. Optimal management of natural history ccTGA is debated and must be tailored.

Case summary
A 38-year-old male patient was referred to our centre because of severe cyanosis and worsening dyspnoea. Investigations disclosed situs solitus, mesocardia, double discordance, large ventricular septal defect (VSD), severe pulmonary stenosis, and no significant atrio-ventricular valves regurgitation. The patient underwent physiologic repair: VSD closure, placement of a left ventricle to pulmonary artery conduit, and epicardial atrio-biventricular pacemaker implantation. The conduit was intentionally undersized to promote tricuspid valve continence. Post-operative course was uneventful, transthoracic echocardiography showed good biventricular function without significant tricuspid regurgitation. At 1 month after discharge, the patient is in New York Heart Association Class II.

Discussion
Management of late presenter patients with ccTGA depends on the associated lesion and estimation of surgical risk. In selected patients markedly symptomatic physiologic repair is a rationale option, providing a normal saturation and biventricular circulation with a significantly lower surgical risk as compared with an anatomic repair.
‘It’s Too Easy to Say that Institutions are Decolonizing’: An Interview with Senate House Library’s Richard Espley and Leila Kassir
Authors: Pyke Sarah 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In 2020, as public protest against anti-Black police brutality surged globally, institutional public statements in support of the Black Lives Matter movement proliferated. Universities, libraries, museums, and other cultural institutions rushed to deplore racist violence and express their commitment to anti-racist and decolonial practice. Rather than release a statement of their own, staff at Senate House Library – the central library for the University of London and the School of Advanced Study – chose instead to pursue and embed a fledgling piece of reparative archival work, the Collections Inclusion Review, alongside their continuing efforts to improve the inclusivity and accessibility of their collections, particularly of literatures in English. This interview is a transcribed and edited version of a conversation with the two Senate House Library staff members leading this work: Richard Espley, now Head of Collections (and formerly Head of Modern Collections), and Leila Kassir, Academic Librarian for British, Irish, USA, Latin American, Caribbean, and Commonwealth Literature. The discussion ranged across issues of provenance, archive description, library layout, and the future of English as a discipline, urging attention to and amelioration of the exclusionary aspects of library practice. While critiquing institutional approaches to the legacies of colonialism, past and present, both interviewees expressed reservations about widespread claims to have ‘achieved’ decolonization, stressing that such calls are contingent on surrounding structures and processes, and suggesting that such radical dismantling remains a long-term aspiration, rather than a quick-fix solution.
Adapting the Australian Canon and Decolonizing the Tertiary Classroom: Settler Students Respond to Leah Purcell’s The Drover’s Wife
Authors: Hall Demelza , Storey Kate , Benney Laura , Bourke Marlee 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The ‘Drover’s Wife Reading Group’ was a collaborative teacher–student project piloted between 2018 and 2020 at Federation University Australia with the intention to create spaces for decolonization, particularly settler (un)learning, beyond the limits of the tertiary English classroom. Drawing upon aspects of reader–response theory, the project began as a small constructivist study in that it sought, initially, to gauge the different responses undergraduate settler students had to a work of Indigenous Australian literary adaptation. However, the transformative nature of the text being engaged with – Leah Purcell’s play, The Drover’s Wife (2016), a literary work which has been widely recognized for the critical literacy it promotes – coupled with the sophistication of the participants’ various responses to it, quickly saw the project shift to one of intense collaboration, with the students involved becoming partners in shaping the project’s outcomes.
Using Machine Learning to Identify Heterogeneous Impacts of Agri-Environment Schemes in the EU: A Case Study
Authors: Stetter Christian , Mennig Philipp , Sauer Johannes 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Legislators in the European Union have long been concerned with the environmental impact of farming activities and introduced so-called agri-environment schemes (AES) to mitigate adverse environmental effects and foster desirable ecosystem services in agriculture. This study combines economic theory with a novel machine learning method to identify the environmental effectiveness of AES at the farm level. We develop a set of more than 130 contextual predictors to assess the individual impact of participating in AES. Results from our empirical application for Southeast Germany suggest the existence of heterogeneous, but limited effects of agri-environment measures in several environmental dimensions such as climate change mitigation, clean water and soil health. By making use of Shapley values, we demonstrate the importance of considering the individual farming context in agricultural policy evaluation and provide important insights into the improved targeting of AES along several domains.
Year-round dynamics of amplicon sequence variant communities differ among eukaryotes,Imiterviralesand prokaryotes in a coastal ecosystem
Authors: Prodinger Florian , Endo Hisashi , Takano Yoshihito , Li Yanze , Tominaga Kento , Isozaki Tatsuhiro , Blanc-Mathieu Romain , Gotoh Yasuhiro , Hayashi Tetsuya , Taniguchi Etsunori , Nagasaki Keizo , Yoshida Takashi , Ogata Hiroyuki 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTCoastal microbial communities are affected by seasonal environmental change, biotic interactions and fluctuating nutrient availability. We investigated the seasonal dynamics of communities of eukaryotes, a major group of double-stranded DNA viruses that infect eukaryotes (order Imitervirales; phylum Nucleocytoviricota), and prokaryotes in the Uranouchi Inlet, Kochi, Japan. We performed metabarcoding using ribosomal RNA genes and viral polB genes as markers in 43 seawater samples collected over 20 months. Eukaryotes, prokaryotes and Imitervirales communities characterized by the compositions of amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) showed synchronic seasonal cycles. However, the community dynamics showed intriguing differences in several aspects, such as the recovery rate after a year. We also showed that the differences in community dynamics were at least partially explained by differences in recurrence/persistence levels of individual ASVs among eukaryotes, prokaryotes and Imitervirales. Prokaryotic ASVs were the most persistent, followed by eukaryotic ASVs and Imitervirales ASVs, which were the least persistent. We argue that the differences in the specificity of interactions (virus–eukaryote vs prokaryote–eukaryote) as well as the niche breadth of community members were at the origin of the distinct community dynamics among eukaryotes, their viruses and prokaryotes.
Global Emergence and Dissemination of Neisseria gonorrhoeae ST-9363 Isolates with Reduced Susceptibility to Azithromycin
Authors: Joseph Sandeep J , Thomas Jesse C , Schmerer Matthew W , Cartee John C , St Cyr Sancta , Schlanger Karen , Kersh Ellen N , Raphael Brian H , Gernert Kim M ,   Antimicrobial Resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Working Group, Hun Sopheay , Hua Chi , Ruiz Ryan , Soge Olusegun O , Dominguez Catherine , Loomis Jillian , Patel Ami , Zhang Jenny , Baldwin Tamara , Wang Chun , Leavitt John , Moore Christina , Whelen Christian , O'Brien Pamela 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Neisseria gonorrhoeae multilocus sequence type (ST) 9363 core-genogroup isolates have been associated with reduced azithromycin susceptibility (AZMrs) and show evidence of clonal expansion in the United States. Here, we analyze a global collection of ST-9363 core-genogroup genomes to shed light on the emergence and dissemination of this strain. The global population structure of ST-9363 core-genogroup falls into three lineages: Basal, European, and North American; with 32 clades within all lineages. Although, ST-9363 core-genogroup is inferred to have originated from Asia in the mid-19th century; we estimate the three modern lineages emerged from Europe in the late 1970s to early 1980s. The European lineage appears to have emerged and expanded from around 1986 to 1998, spreading into North America and Oceania in the mid-2000s with multiple introductions, along with multiple secondary reintroductions into Europe. Our results suggest two separate acquisition events of mosaic mtrR and mtrR promoter alleles: first during 2009–2011 and again during the 2012–2013 time, facilitating the clonal expansion of this core-genogroup with AZMrs in the United States. By tracking phylodynamic evolutionary trajectories of clades that share distinct demography as well as population-based genomic statistics, we demonstrate how recombination and selective pressures in the mtrCDE efflux operon granted a fitness advantage to establish ST-9363 as a successful gonococcal lineage in the United States and elsewhere. Although it is difficult to pinpoint the exact timing and emergence of this young core-genogroup, it remains critically important to continue monitoring it, as it could acquire additional resistance markers.
Pediatric data from the All of Us research program: demonstration of pediatric obesity over time
Authors: Giangreco Nicholas P , Lina Sulieman , Qian Jun , Kouame Aymone , Subbian Vignesh , Boerwinkle Eric , Cicek Mine , Clark Cheryl R , Cohen Elizabeth , Gebo Kelly A , Loperena-Cortes Roxana , Mayo Kelsey , Mockrin Stephen , Ohno-Machado Lucila , Schully Sheri D , Tatonetti Nicholas P , Ramirez Andrea H 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objective
To describe and demonstrate use of pediatric data collected by the All of Us Research Program.

Materials and Methods
All of Us participant physical measurements and electronic health record (EHR) data were analyzed including investigation of trends in childhood obesity and correlation with adult body mass index (BMI).

Results
We identified 19 729 participants with legacy pediatric EHR data including diagnoses, prescriptions, visits, procedures, and measurements gathered since 1980. We found an increase in pediatric obesity diagnosis over time that correlates with BMI measurements recorded in participants’ adult EHRs and those physical measurements taken at enrollment in the research program.

Discussion
We highlight the availability of retrospective pediatric EHR data for nearly 20 000 All of Us participants. These data are relevant to current issues such as the rise in pediatric obesity.

Conclusion
All of Us contains a rich resource of retrospective pediatric EHR data to accelerate pediatric research studies.
Expanding Virtual Health Capabilities Into Trainee Health
Authors: Poindexter Elizabeth A , Rodriguez Amanda , Switaj Timothy 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
Virtual health and secure messaging gained newfound relevance in medicine during the coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 pandemic. For a military trainee health care clinic located on Joint Base San Antonio, the McWethy Troop Medical Clinic (TMC), implementation of virtual health and secure messaging services meant decreased risk of COVID-19 exposure for trainees and clinical staff. Through ongoing utilization, these services also made impacts to reduce loss of instruction time and improve access to care for the McWethy TMC trainee population. In defining the challenges, successes, and future implications for virtual health and secure messaging at the McWethy TMC, key lessons emerge for other military trainee clinics. The key concepts explored in this article are virtual health and secure messaging.
Evolution of Olfactory Receptors Tuned to Mustard Oils in Herbivorous Drosophilidae
Authors: Matsunaga Teruyuki , Reisenman Carolina E , Goldman-Huertas Benjamin , Brand Philipp , Miao Kevin , Suzuki Hiromu C , Verster Kirsten I , Ramírez Santiago R , Whiteman Noah K 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe diversity of herbivorous insects is attributed to their propensity to specialize on toxic plants. In an evolutionary twist, toxins betray the identity of their bearers when herbivores coopt them as cues for host-plant finding, but the evolutionary mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are poorly understood. We focused on Scaptomyza flava, an herbivorous drosophilid specialized on isothiocyanate (ITC)-producing (Brassicales) plants, and identified Or67b paralogs that were triplicated as mustard-specific herbivory evolved. Using in vivo heterologous systems for the expression of olfactory receptors, we found that S. flava Or67bs, but not the homologs from microbe-feeding relatives, responded selectively to ITCs, each paralog detecting different ITC subsets. Consistent with this, S. flava was attracted to ITCs, as was Drosophila melanogaster expressing S. flava Or67b3 in the homologous Or67b olfactory circuit. ITCs were likely coopted as olfactory attractants through gene duplication and functional specialization (neofunctionalization and subfunctionalization) in S. flava, a recently derived herbivore.