bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le Protocole n° 16, entre théories et réalités du dialogue judiciaire
Authors: Burgorgue-Larsen Laurence 
Published: July 2021

Cet article a pour ambition de mettre en lumière les différences entre, d’un côté, le texte du Protocole n° 16 – qui présente de nombreuses spécificités théoriques – et, de l’autre, les réalités du dialogue judiciaire qui s’est manifesté à travers les deux saisines de la Cour de cassation française et de la Cour constitutionnelle arménienne. En dépit des intentions louables des auteurs du Protocole n° 16, il n’est pas sûr que ce dernier arrive à engendrer une dynamique dialogique d’envergure, au regard de son caractère facultatif et de l’absence de force obligatoire des avis.
La création du principe de non-refoulement en droit international des droits de la
personne par la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme : un chef-d’oeuvre à protéger
Authors: Delas Olivier 
Published: July 2021

Dès les premières années suivant leur création, les organes de contrôle de la
Convention européennes des droits de l’homme vont être saisis d’affaires ayant
trait à des mesures d’éloignement du territoire. Bien que les premiers constats de violation
n’interviennent que bien plus tard, le raisonnement est posé très tôt : lors de la mise en
oeuvre de telles mesures, les États se doivent de ne pas contrevenir à certaines
dispositions de la Convention, notamment son article 3. Par cette construction
jurisprudentielle originale, la Commission et la Cour européennes vont créer un véritable
principe de non-refoulement en droit européen des droits de la personne, qui non seulement
sera repris par les autres juridictions et quasi-juridictions internationales, mais sera
également consacré conventionnellement par les États. Bien plus protecteur que son
prédécesseur en droit international des réfugiés, ce principe n’en est pas moins soumis, en
raison de sa construction même, aux préoccupations souveraines des États. Les enjeux
sécuritaires contemporains, en matière de lutte contre le terrorisme ou d’immigration
irrégulière, font qu’il doit recevoir une attention toute particulière, notamment de la part
de la Cour européenne des droits l’homme elle-même.
The phenomenon of magical treasure hunting as an example for the definition of religious norms in the 18th century
Authors: Michalke Alissa 
Published: July 2021

The phenomenon of magical treasure hunting experienced a phase of high popularity in the Holy Roman Empire of German Nation in the early modern period. The applied magical practices were just one part of the wide magical spectrum of that time. In fact, many of them were closely connected to Catholic liturgy. This article will, based on a case study from Bamberg, examine whether or how Catholic doctrine was distinguished from those magical practices and by whom. Furthermore, it will analyse the attitude of clergy and secular people towards magic in order to gain hidden treasure. The study of magical treasure hunting illustrates exemplarily the fight against popular piety and superstition in the XVIIIth century.
Immaginare la Grecia oggi, fra stereotipi e contro-narrazioni (street art e flânerie urbana)
Authors: Tentorio Gilda 
Published: July 2021

“Greece doesn’t exist” was the provocative title of Michel Grodent’s essay (2000), suggesting the need to overcome all prejudices and stereotypes around the image of Greece. Is this perspective of de-construction possible today? This paper focuses on some specific cultural attempts, following this direction. After a brief overview of the different positions, from enthusiasm to disappointment (idealization, touristic image, the myth of Zorba, financial crisis), it explores two examples of counter-narratives: street art, as an alternative response to hegemonic discourse, and urban flâneries. In particular Christos Chryssòpoulos’ interesting works (Flashlight between Teeth, 2012 and The Flâneur Consciousness, 2015), where text and photography form a dialectic pair and show the present of Athens through its material objects. In both cases, wall-writing and literary photobooks suggest a new gaze – an “apocalyptic” one, according to the etymological root of the word – which reveals throbs, details, microcosms and new perspectives capable of destroying certainties and preconceptions.
Population and distribution of wild Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) in Phu Khieo Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand
Authors: Htet Nyi Nyi Phyo , Chaiyarat Rattanawat , Thongthip Nikorn , Anuracpreeda Panat , Youngpoy Namphung , Chompoopong Phonlugsamee 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundThe populations of wild Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) have increased recently after a period of worldwide decline in protected areas. It is important to understand the dynamics and distribution of the remaining populations to ensure their conservation and prevent human-elephant conflicts.MethodsWe monitored the population distribution of elephants between 2016 and 2019 in the Phu Khieo Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand. We set one hundred forty-nine camera trap locations; cameras recorded 38,834 photos over 6,896 trap nights. Elephants were captured in 4,319 photographs. The maximum entropy modeling software MaxEntwas used to identify elephants’ habitat preferences within 49 of the 149 total camera trap locations according to five environmental factors.ResultsOne hundred fourteen elephants were identified. We identified 30 adult males, 43 adult females, 14 sub-adult males, nine sub-adult females, 11 juveniles, and seven calves. The age structure ratio based on adult femaleswas 0.7:1:0.3:0.2:0.3:0.2, and the ratio of reproductive ability between adult females, juveniles, and calves was 1:0.2:0.1. A suitable elephant habitat was determined to be 1,288.9 km2using Area Under the Curve (AUC). An AUC = 0.061 indicated good performance. Our model classified habitat preferences associated with elevation, forests, salt licks, human activity, and slope.ConclusionsAccording to our probability map this sanctuary can provide a suitable habitat for elephants. Our results indicate that effective management practices can protect wild Asian elephants in the region and reduce conflict between humans and elephants.
Surveying the Level of Knowledge, Awareness and Health Related Risk of Substance Abuse among Students in University of Port Harcourt’s Host Communities
Authors: Njoku Chigozie , Onyewuchi Nguma Promise 
Published: July 2021

Background: Substance abuse refers to the use of all chemicals, drugs and industrial solvents that can produce dependence (psychological and physical). It can also be referred to as the repeated non-medical use of potentially addictive chemical and organic substances. There is poor data about the health related risk of substance abuse among students in Nigeria. Hence, this survey was done to determine the level of knowledge, awareness & the health related risk of substance abuse among students and her host communities as an attempt to curb the menace and its effect on students and the entire society at large.
Materials and Methods: The study was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out in ALUU Community in Ikwerre Local Government Area of Rivers State. The study involved 150 volunteers recruited randomly through a multi-staged sampling technique which included secondary school students, undergraduates and postgraduates who are 13yrs and above residing in ALUU community while those who did not give consent were excluded. The data was collected using self-structured close-ended self-administered questionnaires and data analysis done using SPSS version 25.
Results and Discussions: The results of the study showed that 98.67% have knowledge of drug abuse, the knowledge of health and social effects of substances of abuse on humans was 96.67%. The most prevalent health/social effects were: memory loss 74.67%, sleeping and eating disorders 67.33%. The results of the study have shown that more than 2/3rd of the participants had good knowledge of drug abuse. Similarly, more than 2/3rd of the participants heard about drug/substance abuse via the mass media. The most abused drug/substance was alcohol, 9 in 10 persons abused alcohol. This goes on to imply that the chance that a student who is resident in Aluu abuses alcohol is 90%.
Conclusion: The results of the study showed that 98.67% have knowledge of drug abuse, the knowledge of health and social effects of substances of abuse on humans was 96.67%. The most prevalent health/social effects were: memory loss 74.67%, sleeping and eating disorders 67.33%. Peer group, neighbourhood influence, and ‘the only child syndrome’ were the attributed contributing factors to the continual use of alcohol/drugs, even when the health and social effects are well known.
Differential illness intrusiveness associated with sleep-promoting medications
Authors: Devins GM , Flanigan M , Fleming JAE , Morehouse R , Moscovitch A , Plamondon J , Reinish L , Shapiro CM 
Published: July 2002

SummaryDifferences in daytime sleepiness, lifestyle disruptions, and emotional distress were compared across nine groups taking sleep-promoting substances. Groups included individuals taking zopiclone (n = 274), amitriptyline (n = 107), lorazepam (n = 258), oxazepam (n= 141), diphenhydramine HCl (n = 99), triazolam(n = 137), long acting benzodiazepines (n = 120), temazepam (n = 176), and miscellaneous other medications (n = 286). Data were gathered by self-report, using standardized instruments in a mail-back questionnaire procedure. Respondents included the first 1,598 participants enrolled in a Canadian multicentre project, including six sites attached to academic psychiatric units. Results indicated that quality of life effects differed across groups in both daytime sleepiness and lifestyle disruptions (illness intrusiveness), but not in depressive symptoms. Daytime sleepiness was significantly higher among people taking diphenhydramine HCl as compared to temazepam, zopiclone, lorazepam, and oxazepam. Illness intrusiveness was significantly higher among patients taking amitriptyline as compared to those taking triazolam, oxazepam, long-acting benzodiazepines, and zopiclone. It may be useful to inform patients of differences in psychosocial outcomes when prescribing hypnotic medications.
Vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (VCAM‐1) and leukocyte activation in pre‐eclampsia and eclampsia
Authors: Budak E , Madazli R , Aksu M.F , Benian A , Gezer A , Palit N , Yildizfer F 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjective: To evaluate the levels of VCAM‐1 in pre‐eclampsia/eclampsia as a possible marker of leukocyte activation and endothelial damage. Methods: We performed a case‐control study on 25 healthy pregnant women and 35 patients diagnosed as pre‐eclampsia or eclampsia which were randomly selected. Peripheral venous blood samples were obtained and serum levels of VCAM‐1 were measured by enzyme‐linked immunoassay (ELISA). Results: In pre‐eclampsia/eclampsia, VCAM‐1 levels were higher than in normal pregnancy. Serum concentrations of VCAM‐1 were significantly higher in severe pre‐eclampsia and eclampsia compared to mild pre‐eclampsia or healthy controls. ROC analysis detected that VCAM‐1 ≥450 ng/ml had a sensitivity of 0.79 and a specificity of 0.90 in detecting severe pre‐eclampsia and eclampsia. Conclusion: This is the first study to correlate VCAM‐1 levels with severity of disease in pre‐eclampsia. Our findings indicate that increasing levels of soluble VCAM‐1 are present in the circulation of patients with severe pre‐eclampsia/eclampsia compared to mild pre‐eclampsia or healthy pregnant women. Elevated VCAM‐1 levels may represent a possible mechanism by which endothelial cells attract leukocytes and cause endothelial cell damage.
Extinction: End‐Triassic Mass Extinction
Authors: Hautmann Michael 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOne of the five greatest mass extinction events in Earth's history occurred at the end of the Triassic,c. 200 million years ago. This event ultimately eliminated conodonts and nearly annihilated corals, sphinctozoan sponges and ammonoids. Other strongly affected marine taxa include brachiopods, bivalves, gastropods and foraminifers. On land, there is evidence for a temporal disturbance of plant communities but only few plant taxa finally disappeared. Terrestrial vertebrates also suffered but timing and extent of this extinction remain equivocal. The cause of the end‐Triassic mass extinction was probably linked to the contemporary activity of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province, which heralded the breakup of the supercontinent Pangaea. Possible kill mechanisms associated with magmatic activity include sea‐level changes, marina anoxia, climatic changes, release of toxic elements and compounds and ocean acidification. Recovery from the extinction event was remarkably fast for marine level‐bottom faunas but delayed for reef communities, possibly because reef organisms were more co‐evolved and suffered higher losses during the extinction.Key ConceptsNearly half of all marine genera and a smaller but still significant proportion of terrestrial taxa went extinct at the end of the Triassic period,c. 200 million years ago.The end‐Triassic mass extinction took place during a geologically short time interval, which coincided with the onset of massive magmatic extrusions along fracture zones of the disassembling supercontinent Pangaea.A cause‐and‐effect relationship between magmatic activity and mass extinction is indicated by the accordance of predicted extinction patterns and observed data from the fossil record.Ocean acidification as a kill mechanism in marine ecosystems is confirmed by preferential extinction of taxa with thick aragonitic skeletons.The end‐Triassic mass extinction event provides a test case for studying evolutionary responses to major environmental disturbances on the global scale and over geological time.Although there are differences in emission rates, the massive magmatic CO2release at the end of the Triassic is quantitatively similar to a potential release by complete combustion of the global fossil fuel reserves.A prediction from data of the fossil record for marine ecosystems is that level‐bottom communities are able to recover much more quickly from the effects of excess CO2than reefs.
Roseiflexaceae
Authors: Thiel Vera , Hanada Satoshi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Ro.se.i.fle.xa.ce'ae. N.L. masc. n.
Roseiflexus
type genus of the family;
‐aceae
ending to denote family; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Roseiflexaceae
the
Roseiflexus
family.

Chloroflexi / Chloroflexia / Chloroflexales / Roseiflexaceae

The family
Roseiflexaceae
currently consists of two genera with validly described names,
Roseiflexus
and
Heliothrix
. However, based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses,
Heliothrix
cannot be confirmed as a member of this family, while the inclusion of the provisionally described genus
Candidatus
Kouleothrix as well as six further putative genera, for which no isolated representative has been described, is indicated. All isolated organisms belonging to the family have unbranched multicellular filamentous morphology showing gliding motility.
Roseiflexus
and
Heliothrix
members are thermophilic phototrophs able to grow between 40 and 55°C and prefer neutral to slightly alkaline conditions. Cultures are reddish brown to reddish‐orange in color. They contain bacteriochlorophyll (BChl)
a
and derivatives of γ‐carotene but lack BChl
c
and chlorosomes that are typical of
Chloroflexus
spp. belonging to the family
Chloroflexaceae
. The cellular fatty acids in
Roseiflexus
species are C
16:0
, C
14:0
, and C
15:0
. The major quinone is MK‐11. Habitats are microbial mats in hot springs.
Ca
. Kouleothrix represents the “Eikenboom morphotype 1851” isolated from activated sludge samples. Members of this group are mesophilic, neutrophilic filamentous organisms with facultative metabolism of respiratory and fermentative growth. Genome analyses indicate the genetic potential for phototrophy; however, neither phototrophic growth nor BChl production has been observed in culture. Habitats are activated sludge systems.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 62.0 (HPLC), 60.2–62.5 (
Roseiflexus
spp. and
Ca
. Kouleothrix aurantiaca genome analyses).

Type genus
: Roseiflexus Hanada et al. 2002
VP
.
Kocuria
Authors: Sahin Nevzat , Ay Hilal , Saygin Hayrettin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractKo.cu'ri.a. N.L. fem. n.Kocuria, named after Miroslav Kocur, a Slovakian microbiologist for his pioneering studies on Gram‐stain‐positive cocci.Actinobacteria / Actinomycetia / Micrococcales / Micrococcaceae / KocuriaThe genusKocuriaaccommodates chemoorganotroph, aerobic, and Gram‐stain‐positive bacteria that can be isolated from various habitats. Cells of these actinobacteria are coccoid or spherical, which develop yellow‐orange or pink‐red colonies.Kocuriaspecies are able to use various carbon sources and produce acids from one or more carbohydrates, which differentiate them from the genusMicrococcus. Most strains of the genus are capable of growing at 20–37°C, while some strains can also grow at 5°C. Salt tolerance among the species is variable, and some strains can tolerate NaCl up to 15%. Members of the genusKocuriahave relatively small genomes ranging between 2.7 and 4.1 Mb. All sequenced genomes ofKocuriahave operons responsible for resistance to antibiotics and toxic compounds. In addition, all genomes contain operons for invasion and intracellular resistance exemplified by the presence ofMycobacteriumvirulence operons involved in protein synthesis and DNA transcription, which provide evidence for their emergence as opportunistic pathogens in humans. The genomes ofKocuriaencode genes for enzymes necessary for biosynthesis of aliphatic hydrocarbons.Kocuriaspecies are characterized as psychrotolerant mesophiles and moderate halotolerants with relatively high salt tolerance. The major fatty acid is anteiso‐C15:0. Known habitats are soil, seawater, sediment, air, animal tissues, plant rhizosphere, and fermented food.DNA G + C content (mol%): 60–74 (from genome sequence).Type species:Kocuria roseaStackebrandt et al. 1995 (basonym:Micrococcus roseusFlügge 1886AL).
Pediatric inherited peripheral neuropathy: a prospective study at a Spanish referral center
Authors: Argente‐Escrig Herminia , Frasquet Marina , Vázquez‐Costa Juan Francisco , Millet‐Sancho Elvira , Pitarch Inmaculada , Tomás‐Vila Miguel , Espinós Carmen , Lupo Vincenzo , Sevilla Teresa 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundSingle‐center clinical series provide important information on genetic distribution that can guide genetic testing. However, there are few such studies on pediatric populations with inherited peripheral neuropathies (IPNs).MethodsThorough genetic testing was performed on IPN patients under 20 years of age from a geographically well‐defined Mediterranean area (Valencian Community, Spain), annually assessed with the Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease Pediatric Scale (CMTPedS).ResultsFrom 86 families with IPNs, 99 patients (59 males) were identified, 85 with sensorimotor neuropathy or CMT (2/3 demyelinating form) and 14 with distal hereditary motor neuropathy (dHMN). Genetic diagnosis was achieved in 79.5% families, with a similar mutation detection rate in the demyelinating (88.7%) and axonal (89.5%) forms, significantly higher than in the dHMN families (27.3%). CMT1A was the most common subtype, followed by those carrying heterozygous mutations in either the GDAP1 or GJB1 genes. Mutations in 15 other genes were identified, including a new pathogenic variant in the ATP1A gene. The CMTPedS detected significant disease progression in all genetic subtypes of CMT, at a rate of 1.84 (±3.7) over 1 year (p < 0.0005, n = 62) and a 2‐year rate of 3.6 (±4.4: p < 0.0005, n = 45). Significant disease worsening was also detected for CMT1A over 1 (1.7 ± 3.6, p < 0.05) and 2 years (4.2 ± 4.3, p < 0.0005).ConclusionsThis study highlights the unique spectrum of IPN gene frequencies among pediatric patients in this specific geographic region, identifying the CMTPedS as a sensitive tool to detect significant disease worsening over 1 year that could help optimize the design of clinical trials.
Biomimetic Strain‐Stiffening Hydrogel with Crimped Structure
Authors: Luo Jiye , Li Shengjie , Xu Jingyu , Chai Muyuan , Gao Liang , Yang Chunzhen , Shi Xuetao 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSynthetic hydrogels are unique tissue mimics but rarely reproduce the strain‐stiffening properties of native tissues. This mechanical mismatch impairs the performance of hydrogels in practical applications. Inspired by the crimped structure of collagenous tissues, a series of strain‐stiffening hydrogels composed of curved parallel fibers are developed. These fibers are constructed from a bundle of intertwisted nanofibrils composed of short alkyl side chain‐modified polymer chains. This hierarchical organization enables exquisitely cascaded deformation that facilitates soft‐to‐firm and resilience‐to‐viscoelasticity transitions, thus synergically mimicking the strain‐adaptive stiffening and damping behaviors of natural tissues. Together with structural evolution and a constitutive model, rationally tuning the tortuosity and flexibility of the curved fibers produces a diverse combination of strain‐stiffening properties and unprecedented penetration into the regions of several tissues. The crimped structure and the resultant stiffening properties constitute major improvements to nanofiber‐based scaffolds for use in collagenous tissue repair.
Single‐Molecule Binding Assay Using Nanopores and Dimeric NP Conjugates
Authors: Ren Ren , Sun Maozhong , Goel Pratibha , Cai Shenglin , Kotov Nicholas A. , Kuang Hua , Xu Chuanlai , Ivanov Aleksandar P. , Edel Joshua B. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe ability to measure biomarkers, both specifically and selectively at the single‐molecule level in biological fluids, has the potential to transform the diagnosis, monitoring, and therapeutic intervention of diseases. The use of nanopores has been gaining prominence in this area, not only for sequencing but more recently in screening applications. The selectivity of nanopore sensing can be substantially improved with the use of labels, but substantial challenges remain, especially when trying to differentiate between bound from unbound targets. Here highly sensitive and selective molecular probes made from nanoparticles (NPs) that self‐assemble and dimerize upon binding to a biological target are designed. It is shown that both single and paired NPs can be successfully resolved and detected at the single‐molecule nanopore sensing and can be used for applications such as antigen/antibody detection and microRNA (miRNA) sequence analysis. It is expected that such technology will contribute significantly to developing highly sensitive and selective strategies for the diagnosis and screening of diseases without the need for sample processing or amplification while requiring minimal sample volume.
Thin‐Film Thermoelectric Generators Comprising Molybdenum‐Based MXenes pn Modules
Authors: Park Taeho , Cho Kyoungah , Kim Sangsig 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this study, the thermoelectric characteristics of spin‐coated p‐Mo2C and n‐Mo2Ti2C3thin films and the scalability of MXene thin‐film thermoelectric generators (TFTEGs) constructed with pn modules are investigated. The in‐plane thermal conductivities are measured at room temperature to be 0.37 and 0.45 W (m K)−1for the p‐Mo2C and n‐Mo2Ti2C3thin films, respectively. The dimensionless figures of merit ZT are determined to be 1.7 × 10−5and 2.6 × 10−4for the p‐Mo2C and n‐Mo2Ti2C3thin films, respectively. The scalability of the MXene TFTEG is evaluated by the Seebeck voltage being directly proportional to the number of pn modules. The MXene TFTEG constructed with 200‐pn modules generates a Seebeck voltage of 399.9 mV and an output power of 6 mW cm−2at a ΔTof 5.4 K.