bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early science with the Large Millimeter Telescope: a 1.1 mm AzTEC survey of red-Herschel dusty star-forming galaxies
Authors: Montaña A , Zavala J A , Aretxaga I , Hughes D H , Ivison R J , Pope A , Sánchez-Argüelles D , Wilson G W , Yun M , Cantua O A , McCrackan M , Michałowski M J , Valiante E , Arumugam V , Casey C M , Chávez R , Colín-Beltrán E , Dannerbauer H , Dunlop J S , Dunne L , Eales S , Ferrusca D , Gómez-Rivera V , Gómez-Ruiz A I , de la Luz V H , Maddox S J , Narayanan G , Omont A , Rodríguez-Montoya I , Serjeant S , Schloerb F P , Velázquez M , Ventura-González S , van der Werf P , Zeballos M 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
We present Large Millimeter Telescope (LMT)/AzTEC 1.1 mm observations of ∼100 luminous high-redshift dusty star-forming galaxy candidates from the $\sim 600\,$ sq.deg Herschel-ATLAS survey, selected on the basis of their SPIRE red far-infrared colours and with $S_{500\, \mu \rm m}=35-80$ mJy. With an effective $\theta _{\rm FWHM}\approx 9.5\,$arcsec angular resolution, our observations reveal that at least 9 per cent of the targets break into multiple systems with signal-to-noise ratio ≥4 members. The fraction of multiple systems increases to ∼23 per cent (or more) if some non-detected targets are considered multiples, as suggested by the data. Combining the new AzTEC and deblended Herschel photometry, we derive photometric redshifts, infrared luminosities, and star formation rates. While the median redshifts of the multiple and single systems are similar (zmed ≈ 3.6), the redshift distribution of the latter is skewed towards higher redshifts. Of the AzTEC sources, ∼85 per cent lie at zphot &gt; 3 while ∼33 per cent are at zphot &gt; 4. This corresponds to a lower limit on the space density of ultrared sources at 4 &lt; z &lt; 6 of $\sim 3\times 10^{-7}\, \textrm {Mpc}^{-3}$ with a contribution to the obscured star formation of $\gtrsim 8\times 10^{-4}\, \textrm {M}_\odot \, \textrm {yr}^{-1} \, \textrm {Mpc}^{-3}$. Some of the multiple systems have members with photometric redshifts consistent among them suggesting possible physical associations. Given their angular separations, these systems are most likely galaxy over-densities and/or early-stage pre-coalescence mergers. Finally, we present 3 mm LMT/RSR spectroscopic redshifts of six red-Herschel galaxies at zspec = 3.85−6.03, two of them (at z ∼ 4.7) representing new redshift confirmations. Here, we release the AzTEC and deblended Herschel photometry as well as catalogues of the most promising interacting systems and z &gt; 4 galaxies.
No Bread, No Freedom, No Social Justice
Authors: Teti Andrea , Gervasio Gennaro 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Conventional approaches to democratization in the Middle East take for granted the priority of some civil–political rights (e.g., voting) over others (e.g., rights of association or protest, socioeconomic rights). The discursive structure of these approaches has framed both the promotion of democracy by the European Union and regional governments’ counter-conductive reframing against that effort. But this pas de deux is part of a broader dynamic in which the common ground shared by these two efforts frames democracy so as to deny and delegitimize both the conception of democracy held by Middle Eastern and North African populations themselves and the political and socioeconomic demands of those same populations. Governments, in short, are engaged in “counter-conducting” their own populations. Drawing on critical discourse analysis of key documents, public opinion survey data, and activist interviews, an analysis of the Egyptian case shows that the discursive competition between governments is (also) a dance around democracy which seeks to avoid the more radical, egalitarian demands by populations.
Religion and Politics in Contemporary Turkey
Authors: Altınordu Ateş 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Religion and secularism have been central threads in Turkish politics throughout the history of the republic. This chapter focuses on three important aspects of the relationship between religion and politics in contemporary Turkey. First, it explores the political functions of the Directorate of Religious Affairs (Diyanet), a government agency that has served as the primary means for the implementation of the religious policies of the Turkish state. Second, it investigates the relations between Islamic communities, political parties, and the state and argues that the distinction between official and unofficial Islam that has informed much of the work on the Turkish religious field must be strongly qualified. Finally, the author focuses on the trajectory of political Islam in Turkey, critically reviewing the literature on the rise, political incorporation, and the authoritarian turn of Islamic parties. The conclusion emphasizes the need for studies investigating the impact of politics on religiosity in Turkish society.
Well-being and Intergenerational Ethics
Authors: Moore Andrew 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This chapter argues that alongside the individuals who are welfare subjects, certain “multigenerational entities” (MGEs) are so too. It also argues that MGE well-being makes differences to what people should do. More briefly, it argues that certain non-welfare features of certain MGEs make such differences too. These matters are intergenerational by concerning entities that are essentially multigenerational, rather than through the more-traveled paths of connection just among entities in different generations. Overall, this chapter aims to identify, for the philosophy of well-being and intergenerational ethics, some good reasons to engage positively with the planet and its future, beyond those that ambitiously individualistic approaches can generate.
Species Conservation, Biotechnology, and Intergenerational Ethics
Authors: Sandler Ronald 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This chapter evaluates biotechnological species conservation strategies, such as de-extinction, genetic rescue, conservation cloning, and gene drives, in light of the requirement that one has a responsibility to ensure environmental conditions that are conducive to future people having a reasonable chance at a decent life and access to a broad range of environmental goods and values. The chapter argues that the extent to which biotechnological conservation can meet responsibilities to future generations depends not only on the technologies developed and the biological materials that are banked but also on conserving sufficiently intact ecological systems. This is because many of the ways in which species are valuable are tied to social and ecological relationships. Therefore, biotechnological conservation should not be seen as a substitute for more traditional approaches to conservation. It is best understood as a complement to be used in certain types of cases, such as to increase genetic diversity within a target species that has been through a severe population bottleneck or to suppress anthropogenically introduced threats.
Administrative Justice and Cultures of Rule Application
Authors: Kagan Robert A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMost modern administrative agencies employ a body of authoritative rules, designed to guide and constrain officials and to promote administrative justice. Decades ago, however, American ‘legal realist’ scholars questioned whether legal rules can in fact control official decision-making. This essay, drawing on sociolegal research, first shows that through social and organizational processes, administrative agencies and offices develop ‘cultures of rule application’ that make rules matter. Secondly, the essay discusses variation across administrative agencies in their cultures of rule application, resulting in interpretive styles that range from legalistic to flexible and consequence-oriented. Finally, the essay discusses organizational, contextual, and political variables that influence agencies’ development of particular cultures of rule application.
Legal Consciousness and Administrative Justice
Authors: Cowan Dave , Harding Rosie 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis chapter draws attention to the ways in which the study of legal consciousness can provide added depth to studies of administrative justice. Perhaps surprisingly, given the prevalence of the former, it has yet to have much impact on the field of administrative justice. Drawing attention to the state of the art in legal consciousness studies, as well as those studies which do explore the interaction between legal consciousness and administrative justice, the chapter considers the possibilities raised and issues which have been addressed. The chapter develops its argument about the significance of the interaction by analysing the Ken Loach film I, Daniel Blake, arguing that cultural artefacts themselves can hold clues as to legal consciousness. Through that analysis, the chapter explores themes of systemic injustice, resistance and justice seeking in the interactions between the film’s protagonist and the administrative machinery of the welfare state.
Administrative Justice in a Digital World
Authors: Henman Paul W. Fay 
Published: June 2021

AbstractUsing digital tools in administrative decision-making—from automation of relatively simple decisions to artificial intelligence judgements—both enhances and challenges the operation of administrative justice. By beginning with an understanding of digital algorithms as comprising computer code, digital data, and use context, this chapter highlights challenges for administrative justice in administrative discretion, data challenges, automating decisions and errors, information about administrative justice, appealability and accountability responsibility, and explainability. The chapter then examines legal, policy, and technological responses to strengthen administrative justice, including expanding digital rights, bolstering review rights via providing explanations and software code, and instituting organizational governance innovations and technical standards.
Peace Methods and Methodologies
Authors: Firchow Pamina 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This chapter gives an overview of the many methods and epistemological approaches in the multidisciplinary study of peace and conflict that encompasses disciplines in the social sciences as well as the humanities. It argues that there is a rift in the field that reflects the differences in these approaches and proposes three possible avenues for conciliation. First, peace scientists need to acknowledge the conceptual and ethical concerns about the measurement of peace outlined by critical peace researchers. Second, the potential of participatory statistics should be taken more seriously and integrated widely in peace research. Third, multidisciplinary teams should be encouraged to work together on problems of peace and conflict in order to address critical unanswered questions from different viewpoints using a variety of methods in order to gain a greater holistic understanding of the challenges of building peace after war.
International Interventions
Authors: Hehir Aidan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This chapter explores the relationship between state sovereignty and the vexed question of intervention. While the sovereign state has become the dominant political unit in the international system, the rights afforded to ostensibly sovereign states remain prey to power politics, and—especially in recent decades—the rise in support for international human rights. This chapter contrasts the laws governing intervention with actual state practice and notes that while international law has advanced considerably in the past hundred years—in terms of both depth and breadth—there has been little substantive change to the mechanism by which these laws are actually enforced.
The European Union and Peacebuilding
Authors: Tocci Nathalie 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This chapter looks at the European Union’s peacebuilding approach. The chapter argues that the EU has moved from a hyperliberal idealist approach based on conditionality, social learning, and passive enforcement to building peace and reconstructing states to a more bottom-up principled pragmatism centered around supporting states’ and societies’ resilience and integrating the EU’s capabilities and instruments to leverage greater and above all more coherent impact. To trace this journey, this chapter will briefly recount what the EU’s approach to peacebuilding looked like in the 1990s and 2000s, notably in the Union’s surrounding regions, and what it is now transforming into, largely as a result of the changed strategic context both in Europe and in the wider world.
Peace and Security in the Age of Hybrid Wars
Authors: Freire Maria Raquel , Simão Licínia 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This chapter deals with peace and security in the age of hybrid wars, making the argument that the concept of hybrid wars, although useful in understanding the complexity of contemporary security dynamics, is not totally new. It is essentially a politically appropriated concept with implications at the local, national, and international levels. The chapter addresses the issue of conceptual vagueness and novelty of hybrid wars, linking it to other concepts used to analyze (in)security since the end of the Cold War, including the so-called new wars, state collapse, and the more recent focus on resilience.
Transitional Justice and Peacebuilding
Authors: Turner Catherine 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This chapter outlines transitional justice as it has been institutionalized in international law, policy, and practice. As such it focuses on transitional justice as an elite discourse rather than as a grassroots project. The reason for this is the potential of elite discourses to constrain what is considered appropriate at the local level, and because it is the tension between international frameworks and local peacebuilding that is the subject of most of the critique of transitional justice from a peacebuilding perspective. The chapter provides an overview of the key transitional mechanisms and explores how each mechanism is intended to contribute to the goal of peace. The chapter considers the professionalization of transitional justice as a field and its embeddedness in normative ideas of justice. In addressing a peacebuilding audience the chapter seeks first to explain the arguments made in favor of legally normative transitional justice mechanisms, before exploring the difficult relationship between law and politics in transitional justice scholarship that contributes to the disciplinary gap that is so evident between transitional justice and peacebuilding.
Local Resistance and Hybrid Peace
Authors: Lee SungYong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Local resistance and hybrid peace have emerged as useful conceptual frameworks to capture the dynamic interaction between the stakeholders at international and local levels, as well as the forms of peacebuilding that develop as a result. This chapter examines a few major academic debates over these concepts by analyzing relevant examples from the peacebuilding programs in Cambodia. The chapter comprises three parts that will explain local actors’ resistance against externally driven peacebuilding, the process of hybridization, and the hybrid forms of peacebuilding. Each section will briefly introduce conventional debates on the relevant concept, and then demonstrate how each type of interaction materialized in the context of Cambodian peacebuilding.
Apparitions of Mary as Revelation
Authors: Maunder Chris 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The chapter will explore how apparitions of Mary are viewed as revelatory and prophetic, in that they are believed by devotees to articulate the divine perspective on history. The final published form of visionary messages is negotiated between visionaries, supporters, and Church authorities. The chapter charts developments and innovations in the understanding of Mary through a range of modern apparitions; using prominent examples, it concludes that prophecies are usually unfulfilled or at least unverifiable, and so are often understood by Catholic theologians as symbolic; finally, it argues that apparitions, even in the official Catholic view, are cultural constructs and thereby reveal aspirations about social change. The last section is illustrated through the apparition at Guadalupe in Mexico.
Charismatic Revelations
Authors: Shantz Douglas H. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The notion of ‘charismatic revelations’ is a modern one, reflecting the individualism and theological conflicts arising from the Reformation of the sixteenth century. Charismatic revelations can be found in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Protestant movements such as German Pietism and English Evangelicalism and are notable in twentieth-century Pentecostalism and charismatic renewal. Charles Taylor has described the burden of individualism that came with the break-up of Christendom under the impact of the Reformation and the rise of modern science. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries there arose ‘a new Christianity of personal commitment’ (Taylor 2007, 143–144). In German Pietism and English Methodism the stress was upon feeling, emotion, and a living faith, reflecting the logic of Enlightenment ‘subjectification’. The predicament of these believers and their religious individualism was marked by spiritual instability, melancholy, and doubt. This predicament provides the context for understanding the rise of charismatic revelations. Under the burden of growing secularism, religious pluralism, and existential angst and isolation, a host of modern believers found meaning and hope through experiences of direct encounter with God that included his personal speaking addressed to their inmost being.
Inerrancy
Authors: McGowan A. T. B. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This chapter begins with an attempted definition of the term ‘inerrancy’ before going on to discuss its history and development. This includes a consideration of the origins of fundamentalism as well as noting the influence of B. B. Warfield, A. A. Hodge, and the Princetonian tradition. The chapter then turns to the publication of a volume by Jack Rogers and Donald McKim which sparked the modern debate on inerrancy. In the book, The Authority and Interpretation of the Bible: An Historical Approach, Rogers and McKim opposed the use of the word ‘inerrancy’. Those who opposed Rogers and McKim’s argument gathered in conference and this led to the publication of The Chicago Statement on Biblical Inerrancy. The debate centred upon whether the word ‘infallibility’ or the word ‘inerrancy’ should be used in defining the nature and authority of Scripture. The chapter goes on to analyse the use of the term ‘inerrancy’, noting first the arguments against its use, followed by the inerrantists’ defence of their position. In conclusion, the chapter argues that those evangelicals who want to use the term ‘inerrancy’ and those who prefer to speak about the ‘trustworthiness’ of the Scripture have a great deal in common and that much of the debate is terminological rather than substantive.
Technoscience, Transhumanism, and Telos
Authors: Vita-More Natasha 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This chapter focuses on human achievements accomplished with the use of technology and science as methods to explore humanity’s most daunting challenges. Each era of human achievement reveals previously unimaginable goals that, once attained, impact and positively transform the world and the future of humanity. Transhumanism offers a social construct for action-oriented strategies to inform and mitigate many of these threats. These strategies stem from diverse fields of inquiry, research, and analysis of possible future scenarios, and suggest the processes for implementing them. Notably, counterarguments to an intervention in the human condition—the characteristics and key events concerning human existence—often expose themselves as biases in moral perception that, in due course, fall short. Yet humans continue to be fueled by curiosity and a need for amelioration to transcend limits. What is lacking and most imminently necessary to address the exponentially increasing technology in our midst, and society’s varied perceptions and reactions, is straightforward guidance in navigating towards the telos of our humanity.
The Life Cycle Process Model
Authors: Poole Marshall Scott , Van de Ven Andrew H. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This chapter describes the core features of life cycle models of organizational change. These models of change are also referred to as regulated, mandated, prescribed, imposed, logically necessary, or prefigured in advance of their execution. Life-cycle models do not imply that an actor must passively comply with mandated changes; actors may be proactive individuals who adapt to their environments and make use of rules to accomplish their purposes. The strengths, challenges, and stages of life cycle models are examined, and future developments advancing life cycle models by considering the role of choice and of multiple forms of agency are advocated.
Theories of Organizational Change as Assemblages
Authors: Poole Marshall Scott , Van de Ven Andrew H. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Most observed processes of organization change far exceed the explanatory capabilities of any one theory. As the handbook chapters have shown, organization changes unfold in complex ways at multiple embedded levels over time on many interrelated issues, and involve multiple agents with diverse sensemakings, emotions, and actions. How are we to explain this complexity? This is a paradox for theory builders. On the one hand our theories must be accurate enough to explain the complexity, yet on the other hand simple enough to understand and guide behavior. We attempt to address this paradox by proposing a few simple models that are useful for explaining general patterns, and then to unpack and reconnect these models as assemblages or modules for addressing different contexts and shifting conditions in organization change processes.
Upside-Down Organizational Change
Authors: Rheinhardt Alexandra , Gioia Dennis A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
From a sensemaking perspective, organizational change is typically portrayed as being planned and driven by executives at the top of the organization, usually in response to external (environmental) pressures. We argue that because of dramatically changing workplace dynamics (i.e., characteristics of a new generation of employees, new technologies, and powerful new communication platforms), change is more likely to be influenced and initiated by employees at the bottom of the organization than ever before. The types and processes of change stemming from the bottom are likely to be qualitatively different from traditionally studied top-down changes. After reviewing the current state of the sensemaking/sensegiving literature on organizational change and organizational identity change, as well as addressing these new workplace trends, we discuss the process and put forth a model of “upside-down” organizational change. Our model draws upon and contributes to the literatures on sensemaking, sensegiving, organizational identity change and strategic change.