bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Aerobic Endurance Training vs HIIT on Energy Intake, Macronutrient Intake, and VO2Max Level on Fitness Centre Participants
Authors: Kuswari Mury , Gifari Nazhif , Himarwan Aditya 
Published: August 2021

The purpose of the study Nowadays, there are many people who participate in fitness centre to maintain their health and fitness. There are many ways to increase VO2Max, an indicator of cardiorespiratory fitness, two of many were High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) and traditional aerobic endurance training. In other hand exercise in any type of way required extra energy, resulting in increased energy and macronutrient intake. Was to analyse the effects of HIIT vs. Aerobic Endurance Exercise on energy intake, macronutrient intake, and VO2Max of fitness centre participants in Depok..
Materials and methods 26 participants were recruited voluntarily from one of fitness centre in Depok, West Java, Indonesia, then randomized into HIIT Intervention Group and aerobic endurance exercise intervention group for 3 months. Energy and macronutrient intake were assessed before and after intervention. Bleep test was done to determine VO2Max Level before and after intervention.
Results. Paired t-test between before and after intervention showed that there’s significant difference (p<0.05) on VO2Max, while independent sample t-test showed that there’s no significant difference between both type of exercise.
Conclusions. This study shows that there was no effect of both HIIT and Aerobic Endurance Training on energy and macronutrient intake. However, both interventions increase VO2Max as an indicator of fitness level. Shorter time for HIIT may be useful for increasing VO2Max level on busy individual.
Prototipe Aplikasi Pengukuran Efisiensi Pendidikan Pesantren Di Kota Lhokseumawe Menggunakan Metode DEA
Authors: Dewi Mirna , Abdullah Dahlan 
Published: August 2021

Pendidikan adalah hal dasar yang diperlukan sebagai upaya meningkatkan kualitas hidup manusia. Dengan pendidikan yang baik akan diperoleh pula kondisi kerja yang baik, kepuasan kerja, kepuasan menikmati masa pensiun, hingga peningkatan gizi dan kesehatan. Pesantren adalah lembaga pendidikan yang berorientasi masa depan yang bertujuan agar lulusannya dapat memahami, menghayati dan mengamalkan ajaran Islam dengan menekankan pentingnya moral agama Islam sebagai pedoman hidup masyarakat tentu memiliki tujuan, kurikulum, visi dan misi dalam usaha membentuk bangsa yang beradap. Di Provinsi Aceh khususnya Kota Lhokseumawe kini sudah banyak pesantren-pesantren yang di bangun, tentu ada perbandingan efisiensi disetiap pendidikan pesantren yang ada, untuk mengukur tingkat efisiensi pendidikan Pesantren yang ada di Kota Lhokseumawe bisa menggunakan pengukuran DEA. Pengukuran DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) adalah suau metode yang digunakan untuk mengevaluasi produktivitas dari suatu unit kerja yang bertanggung jawab menggunakan sejumlah input untuk memperoleh output yang ditargetkan. Salah satu keunggulan DEA adalah dapat menangani banyak input dan output dan tidak membutuhkan asumsi hubungan fungsional antara variabel input dan variabel output. Suatu pendidikan pesantren di katakan efisien jika nilai yang dicapai dalam penggunaan input dan outputnya adalah 1 dan sebaliknya jika nilai yang di hasilkan dari penggunaan input dan output nya kurang dari 1 maka pendidikan di pesantren tersebut dikatakan tidak efisien. Dengan mengetahui nilai efisiensi pendidikan suatu pesantren dapat menjadi acuan bagi calon santri yang ingin mendaftar dan dapat menjadi titik perhatian bagi pemimpin maupun pengajar dalam mengembangkan atau meningkatkan efisiensi pesantren tersebut agar menjadi lebih efisien dan efektif
Effects of platelet-rich plasma on in vitro proliferation and migration of fibroblasts from human chronic refractory wound granulation tissue
Authors: Zhang Tie-ning , Li Quan , Ba Te , Shao Tian-xi , Li Fang , Wang Ling-feng 
Published: August 2021

Objective: To observe the effects of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on in vitro proliferation and migration of fibroblasts from human chronic refractory wound granulation tissue.Methods: Fibroblasts were separated from human chronic refractory wound granulation tissue and then were identified. The obtained fibroblasts were divided into fetal bovine serum (FBS) group, hydrogel group and PRP group, and the three groups were cultured with culture mediums containing FBS, hydrogel and PRP respectively, in order to observe the growth of fibroblasts. The wound scratch assay was used to observe the migration of fibroblasts.Results: PRP group had more fibroblasts than FBS group and hydrogel group since Day 5 of culture, and exhibited greater fibroblast scratch migration area than FBS group on 48 h and 72 h of wound scratch assay (all p < .05).Conclusions: Compared with FBS, human fibroblasts cultured by PRP can more effectively promote the proliferation and migration of fibroblasts.
A Prospective Evaluation of Intraoperative Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Angiography for Soft Tissue Sarcomas
Authors: Wilke Benjamin K. , Schultz Douglas S. , Huayllani Maria T. , Boczar Daniel , Spaulding Aaron C. , Sherman Courtney , Murray Peter , Forte Antonio J. 
Published: August 2021

Introduction:
Postoperative wound complications after resection of soft-tissue sarcomas are challenging. Indocyanine green (ICG) angiography has previously been used to predict wound complications, but not for soft-tissue sarcomas. We aimed to evaluate whether this technology could help lower wound complications after soft-tissue sarcoma resections.

Materials and Methods:
We conducted a prospective study from 10/2017 to 9/2019 using ICG angiography during sarcoma resection surgery. Rates of wound complications were compared with a historical control consisting of surgeries before utilization of ICG angiography.

Results:
A total of 88 patients were included in the study. We found significantly lower rates of infection (11.8% versus 38%; P = 0.03) and wound dehiscence (11.8% versus 42.3%; P = 0.02) in the ICG angiography cohort compared with the historical controls.

Conclusion:
ICG angiography use during soft-tissue sarcoma resections is promising technology and warrants further investigation to help reduce postoperative complications.
Challenges in Controlling Vibriosis in Shrimp Farms
Authors: Chellapandian Hethesh , Sivakamavalli Jeyachandran , Vijay Anand A. , Balasubramanian Balamuralikrishnan 
Published: August 2021

Recently the shrimp farming has blooming as a crucial counterpart in the aquaculture industry which contribute the remarkable role in sea food production as well economy of the country. However, this could be fluctuated every year through several circumstances such as unfavorable (Poor water and soil quality) environmental factors. The environmental factors includes disease causing bacterial pathogens in the soil and water which causes the bacterial diseases in the aquatic animals, like this hectic problems are prevented through bioaugmentation strategies. The pond environment plays a vital role in determining the healthy culture system, but there is high risk for manipulation by bacterial community which takes care of waste generated in the system through in situ bioremediation. Due to the impact of rapidly growing bacterial diseases of shrimps throughout the world, numerous studies have been carried out to find immunostimulants, immunomodulators and biotic component that can be used against vibrio causing pathogens, and can also be used as an alternative for antibiotics. Recent research focus towards the marine resources such as microalgae, seaweed, live feeds (like artemia, copepods, rotifers), bacteriophage, and probiotics have been found to have higher potential in reducing vibriosis. Eco-based shrimp farming includes green water technology, phage therapy bio-floc technology (BFT) and integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA), these methods hold a promising alternative to antibiotics in the near future. Bacterial diseases caused by vibrios have been reported in penaeid shrimp culture systems implicating at least 14 species and they are Vibrio harveyi, V. splendidus, V. parahaemolyticus, V. alginolyticus, V. anguillarum, V. vulnificuslogei etc.
Carbon Storage of Some Rubber Trees (Hevea brasiliensis) Clones in HEVECAM’s Plantations in South Cameroon
Authors: A. Ngon René Menoh , Esaïe Tsoata , Manga Milie Lionelle Tsouga , Ndongo Pierre-André Owona 
Published: August 2021

The objective of this work was to estimate the quantity of carbon stored by four main clones of rubber tree cultivated in South Cameroon: GT 1, PB 217, PR 107 and RRIC 100. The forest inventory method was used to measure trees morphological parameters, the latter used to calculate carbon storage using the allometric equation of Wauters et al., (2008). The main morphological parameters measured were: leaf area index (LAI), circumference (C), diameter at breast height (DBH) and total tree height (h). Comparing the morphological parameters of clones two by two using a Dunn test, we observe significant differences in the circumference, the diameter and even very significant in the leaf area index, but not in the height. The clones GT 1, PR 107, PB 217, and RRIC 100 stored on average: 111.05 tC / ha, 150.18 tC / ha, 165.25 tC / ha, and 187.25 tC/ha respectively. A significant difference was established between the means of carbon storage of the clones GT 1 and PB 217 (p = 0.0488) on one hand and, that of the clones GT 1 and RRIC 100 (p = 0.0240), on the other hand. These results are an estimation of models, further research can be undertaken for exact measurements.
Future Climate Change Impacts on River Discharge Seasonality for Selected West African River Basins
Authors: Esther Babalola Toju , Gbenro Oguntunde Philip , Ebenezer Ajayi Ayodele , Omowonuola Akinluyi Francis 
Published: August 2021

The changing climate is a concern to sustainable water resources. This study examined climate change impacts on river discharge seasonality in two West African river basins; the Niger river basin and the Hadejia-Jama’are Komadugu-Yobe Basin (HJKYB). The basins have their gauges located within Nigeria and cover the major climatic settings. Here, we set up and validated the hyper resolution global hydrological model PCR-GLOBWB for these rivers. Time series plots as well five performance evaluation metrics such as Kling–Gupta efficiency (KGE),); the ratio of RMSE-observations standard deviation (RSR); per cent bias (PBIAS); the Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency criteria (NSE); and, the coefficient of determination (r2), were employed to verify the PCR-GLOBWB simulation capability. The validation results showed from satisfactory to very good on individual rivers as specified by PBIAS (−25 to 0.8), NSE (from 0.6 to 0.8), RSR (from 0.62 to 0.4), r2 (from 0.62 to 0.88), and KGE (from 0.69 to 0.88) respectively. The impact assessment was performed by driving the model with climate projections from five global climate models for the representative concentration pathways (RCPs) 4.5 and 8.5. We examined the median and range of expected changes in seasonal discharge in the far future (2070–2099). Our results show that the impacts of climate change cause a reduction in discharge volume at the beginning of the high flow period and an increase in discharge towards the ending of the high flow period relative to the historical period across the selected rivers. In the Niger river basin, at the Lokoja gauge, projected decreases added up to 512 m3/s under RCP 4.5 (June to July) and 3652 m3/s under RCP 8.5 (June to August). The three chosen gauges at the HJKYB also showed similar impacts. At the Gashua gauge, discharge volume increased by 371 m3/s (RCP8.5) and 191 m3/s (RCP4.5) from August to November. At the Bunga gauge, a reduction/increase of -91 m3/s/+84 m3/s (RCP 8.5) and -40 m3/s/+31 m3/s/(RCP 4.5) from June to July/August to October was simulated. While at the Wudil gauge, a reduction/increase in discharge volumes of −39/+133 m3/s (RCP8.5) and −40/133 m3/s (RCP 4.5) from June to August/September to December is projected. This decrease is explained by a delayed start of the rainy season. In all four rivers, projected river discharge seasonality is amplified under the high-end emission scenario (RCP8.5). This finding supports the potential advantages of reduced greenhouse gas emissions for the seasonal river discharge regime. Our study is anticipated to provide useful information to policymakers and river basin development authorities, leading to improved water management schemes within the context of changing climate and increasing need for agricultural expansion.
Proxies
Authors: Mulvin Dylan 
Published: August 2021

How those with the power to design technology, in the very moment of design, are allowed to imagine who is included—and who is excluded—in the future.
Our world is built on an array of standards we are compelled to share. In Proxies, Dylan Mulvin examines how we arrive at those standards, asking, “To whom and to what do we delegate the power to stand in for the world?” Mulvin shows how those with the power to design technology, in the very moment of design, are allowed to imagine who is included—and who is excluded—in the future.
For designers of technology, some bits of the world end up standing in for other bits, standards with which they build and calibrate. These “proxies” carry specific values, even as they disappear from view. Mulvin explores the ways technologies, standards, and infrastructures inescapably reflect the cultural milieus of their bureaucratic homes. Drawing on archival research, he investigates some of the basic building-blocks of our shared infrastructures. He tells the history of technology through the labor and communal practices of, among others, the people who clean kilograms to make the metric system run, the women who pose as test images, and the actors who embody disease and disability for medical students. Each case maps the ways standards and infrastructure rely on prototypical ideas of whiteness, able-bodiedness, and purity to control and contain the messiness of reality. Standards and infrastructures, Mulvin argues, shape and distort the possibilities of representation, the meaning of difference, and the levers of change and social justice.
The open access edition of this book was made possible by generous funding from Arcadia – a charitable fund of Lisbet Rausing and Peter Baldwin.
The Resistance Dilemma
Authors: Hoberg George 
Published: August 2021

How organized resistance to new fossil fuel infrastructure became a political force and how this might affect the transition to renewable energy.
Organized resistance to new fossil fuel infrastructure, particularly conflicts over pipelines, has become a formidable political force in North America. In this book, George Hoberg examines whether such place-based environmental movements are effective ways of promoting climate action, if they might inadvertently feed resistance to the development of renewable energy infrastructure, and what other, more innovative processes of decision-making would encourage the acceptance of clean energy systems. Focusing on a series of conflicts over new oil sands pipelines, Hoberg investigates activists' strategy of blocking fossil fuel infrastructure, often in alliance with Indigenous groups, and examines the political and environmental outcomes of these actions.
After discussing the oil sands policy regime and the relevant political institutions in Canada and the United States, Hoberg analyzes in detail four anti-pipeline campaigns, examining the controversies over the Keystone XL, the most well-known of these movements and the first one to use infrastructure resistance as a core strategy; the Northern Gateway pipeline; the Trans Mountain pipeline; and the Energy East pipeline. He then considers the “resistance dilemma”: the potential of place-based activism to threaten the much-needed transition to renewable energy. He examines several episodes of resistance to clean energy infrastructure in eastern Canada and the United States. Finally, Hoberg describes some innovative processes of energy decision-making, including strategic environment assessment, and cumulative impact assessment, looking at cases in British Columbia and Lower Alberta.
Helmholtz and the Conservation of Energy
Authors: Caneva Kenneth L. 
Published: August 2021

An examination of the sources Helmholtz drew upon for his formulation of the conservation of energy and the impact of his work on nineteenth-century physics.
In 1847, Herman Helmholtz, arguably the most important German physicist of the nineteenth century, published his formulation of what became known as the conservation of energy—unarguably the most important single development in physics of that century, transforming what had been a conglomeration of separate topics into a coherent field unified by the concept of energy. In Helmholtz and the Conservation of Energy, Kenneth Caneva offers a detailed account of Helmholtz's work on the subject, the sources that he drew upon, the varying responses to his work from scientists of the era, and the impact on physics as a discipline.
Caneva describes the set of abiding concerns that prompted Helmholtz's work, including his rejection of the idea of a work-performing vital force, and investigates Helmholtz's relationship to both an older generation of physicists and an emerging community of reformist physiologists. He analyzes Helmholtz's indebtedness to Johannes Müller and Justus Liebig and discusses Helmholtz's tense and ambivalent relationship to the work of Robert Mayer, who had earlier proposed the uncreatability, indestructibility, and transformability of “force.” Caneva examines Helmholtz's continued engagement with the subject, his role in the acceptance of the conservation of energy as the central principle of physics, and the eventual incorporation of the principle in textbooks as established science.
Using wildlife rehabilitator surveys to identify threats: a case study of koalas in Victoria, Australia
Authors: Ashman K. R. , Watchorn D. J. , Whisson D. A. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
Identifying threats and their regional occurrence across a species’ range is increasingly valuable for prioritising threat-specific interventions and achieving effective conservation outcomes. We surveyed registered wildlife rehabilitators to identify (i) threats faced by the koala across Victoria and (ii) their perceptions on koala population trends and potential threat mitigation actions. Wildlife rehabilitators identified habitat loss, fragmentation, and degradation as the biggest threat to koalas, while vehicle collisions, heatwaves and wildfire were also identified as key threats. Accordingly, reducing the clearing of native vegetation was considered the most effective threat mitigation action, while creating of wildlife corridors, planting of more food trees, and educating communities living in koala occupied areas were also considered appropriate mitigation strategies. Finally, 89% of wildlife rehabilitators believed that koala numbers are declining in their region.
Heavy Metals in Water, Soils and Sediments of La Villa River Basin- Panama
Authors: Núñez José Villarreal , Pineda Adolfo Santo , Pérez Jhon Villalaz , Zachrisson Iván Ramos 
Published: August 2021

Determine the concentration of heavy metals in water, sediments, and crops within the La Villa river basin, Herrera and Los Santos provinces, republic of Panama. La Villa river Basin, south central of Panama, in the rainy season of 2016 (May to November) and in the dry season of 2017 (December to April). Twenty two sediments and water samples were taken using the systematic method which consists of selecting sampling points at uniform distances and crops in upper, middle and lower basin. The selected sampling was confined to a preferably rectangular area of 10.0 m x 30.0 m, on which the sub-samples were taken with a number of 15 on each grid, at 0.20m depth. For collecting the water samples, a rod with a clean plastic bottle was introduced against the current of the river. The digestion of sediments and crops to determine the concentration of heavy metals (As, Pb, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mn, Zn and Cd) was carried out according to USEPA (25) method (3051A) (SW-846). In the sediments, in the rainy season, Cu (upper and lower basin) and Mn (all levels) values were found above the USEPA Standards. In the dry season, high values of Mn were found in the middle and lower basin, Cr in the upper and lower basin and As in all areas of the basin. In the rainy and dry seasons, high levels of Mn, Zn, Cr, Cd and Pb were found in the waters of the rivers that make up the basin. The main crops at each height of the basin were analyzed, determining high levels of As and Cr in the upper basin, in the middle and lower basin Cr and Cd. It is necessary to monitor the concentration of heavy metals in sediments of La Villa river basin because 90% of the agrochemicals that enter the country is destined for agriculture. Each Panamanian consumes (does not ingest) 3 kg of agrochemicals annually, exceeding six times the amount used in Central America. Due to their geological origin, these soils are rich in copper, manganese and arsenic, latter being associated with iron oxides and sulfides but there is also great influence of anthropogenic activities, agriculture and industries. Some metals such as lead and arsenic showed low solubility in water but showed high concentration in sediments. Chromium and cadmium present in crops come from water.
Effects of Spider Cage Therapy in Combination with Conventional Speech Therapy on Speech and Language Function in Children with Cerebral Palsy of Age between 05 and 15 Years
Authors: Masood Fahad , Khan Muhammad Sikander Ghayas , Afzal Farjad , Rashid Amna , Mubarak Saba 
Published: August 2021

Objective: The objective of study was to determine the effects of spider cage therapy in combination with conventional speech therapy on speech and language function in children with cerebral palsy of age between 05 And 15 Years.
Materials and Methods: A total of 20 children from a special institute with cerebral palsy who were provided with spider cage therapy in combination with conventional speech therapy were evaluated from January 2017 to June 2017. Effect of spider cage therapy in combination with conventional speech therapy was determined by applying dysarthric profile revised before and after the treatment.
Results: Baseline score on dysarthric profile was 34.76±2.67 and post intervention score was 69.93±8.14. Result indicated that out of 20 children with cerebral palsy, there was a statistically significant difference in total score.
Conclusion: The findings suggested that the Mean score of spider cage therapy in combination with conventional speech therapy post treatment in children with cerebral palsy was improved. On the basis of this study it is concluded that speech therapy in combination with conventional speech therapy is more effective in children with cerebral palsy.
Casella, George
Authors: Piegorsch Walter W. , Young Linda J. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

George Casella was an American statistician who taught at Rutgers University, Cornell University, and the University of Florida. He made major contributions to a wide variety of topics, including Bayesian analysis & empirical Bayes methods, environmetrics, experimental design, frequentist decision theory, Monte Carlo methods, ridge regression, and statistical genetics/genomics. He was a leader in late‐twentieth century statistics and data science, serving as the editor of the
Journal of the American Statistical Association
(Theory & Methods Section), the
Journal of the Royal Statistical Society (Series B)
, and
Statistical Science
as well as a council member of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics, a member of the Board on Mathematical Sciences of the U.S. National Research Council, and a member of the Advisory Boards for the U.S. National Institute of Statistical Sciences and SAMSI (the U.S. Statistical and Mathematical Sciences Institute).