bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure and properties of Mn-Co-Ni-O thin films
Authors: Ma Chao 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Mn1.56Co0.96Ni0.48O4 (MCN) thin films were prepared by chemical solution deposition method on the silicon substrate. The spinel structure and the dense surface morphology of the MCN thin films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, respectively. The optical constants of the MCN thin films in the mid-infrared wavelength range were determined by measuring the ellipsometry parameters and modelling through the Drude-Lorentz oscillator dispersion formula. The refractive index decreases while the extinction coefficient increases with the increase of wavelength. The electrical resistance of the MCN thin films decreases rapidly with increasing temperature, indicating an NTC characteristic. It is expected that MCN thin films will show considerable application potential in the infrared detection.
Theory and Experimental Study of Corona Initial E-Field Strength of HVDC Large Fittings
Authors: Shiling Zhang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The electrode were used to imitate the valve tower shield plate, grading ring, grading ball and grading shield for UHVDC valve hall. Uneven electric field of the irregular conductor can not be calculated theoretically or measured accurately. The variation of typical electrode corona inception electric field strength is analyzed and threshold value of the corona inception electric field of the valve hall fittings is acquired. With the adequate modification, limited electric field magnitude for the valve hall is proposed. With the gray system MGM (1, M) model fitting and predicting technology, the E-field strength single-point high-precision measurement and the the wide-area time interval corona initial E-field fitting and predicting operation can be realized. The experimental results show that the maximum error is 3.25% within the measured concentration range, which increases with applied voltage. The maximum RSD% is less than 2.7%, showing the good stability. This system can provide the novel method for the study of corona detection of large fittings in UHVDC valve hall.
Morphology and structural Characteristics of TiO2-SiO2 binary glass deposition particles
Authors: Zhang Chenyang , Nie Lanjian , Xiang ZaiKui , Rao Chuandong , Fu Bo , Wang Lei , Shao Zhufeng , Wang Hongjie , Jia Yanan , Wang Hui , Wang Yufen 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
TiO2-SiO2 is a kind of binary component glass material with excellent properties such as high heat impact resistance, welding ability, and the size of the material is insensitive to temperature change. Based on the principle of Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD), we used silicon tetrachloride and titanium tetrachloride as the raw materials for the preparation of this glass. In this research, we studied the morphology, structure, and particle size distribution of TiO2-SiO2 binary glass particles. The experimental results show that the deposition particles are spherical amorphous nanoparticles with a size of about 100nm, and there is no SiO2 or TiO2 crystalline phase in the particles. This particle structure overcomes the characteristic that TiO2 is easily crystallized in other preparation methods, making preparation for TiO2-SiO2 binary glass possible.
Emerging Aqueous Flow Batteries and Perspectives on Future Development
Authors: Zhang Jiayi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Flow battery, as a promising energy storage system, has been interested by researchers for a long time which reveals that the capacity and performance of flow battery is crucial for the usage of inherently intermittent clean energy resources. This work briefly compares three kinds of flow battery which are the most prevailing methods to achieve energy storage. Meanwhile, China is the largest energy producer and consumer in the world, and for this reason, China’s supply chain of raw material and demand for flow battery is critical for development of flow battery. Most of current researches on flow battery are modification on electrolytes, so tailoring on the structure design of flow battery is also a method for performance improvement. At last, a new design of the structure of flow is provided for further researches.
Fabrication of metal/polymer layer structure composites by demulsification-induced fast solidification
Authors: Wang Dan , Zhang Jianfu , Su Zhongmin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this study, a simple and convenient method of demulsification-induced fast solidification was demonstrated to in situ prepare Zn/RE-906 polyurethane acrylate (906) polymer film layer structure composites. The mechanical connection strength between 906 polymer films and Zn, that is, adhesive strength, was characterized via lap shear testing. The adhesive strength between the 906 polymer films and Zn is adjustable by adjusting the adhesive time and adhesive temperature. The 906 polymer films exhibited an outstanding adhesive performance within the temperature range from room temperature to 175?. The 906 polymer films exhibited excellent adhesion capacity with Zn, making them attractive for applications in the automotive and aeronautic.
Finite-difference time-domain simulation of cathodoluminescence patterns of ZnO hexagonal microrods
Authors: Kowalski Bogdan J , Pieniążek Agnieszka , Reszka Anna , Witkowski Bartłomiej S , Godlewski Marek 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) numerical simulation method has been applied to interpret cathodoluminecence patterns observed for ZnO nanorods grown by a hydrothermal method. The 3D FDTD simulation reproduced the radial electromagnetic field pattern in the hexagonal resonator, corresponding to the CL emission maps of real ZnO microrods. The simulation result for the H

z
(TE) polarization—the intense field distribution along edges of the structure, in particular in the corners, but weak in the centre—matched the CL pattern particularly well. Since the experiment was not polarization sensitive, we suppose that polarisation sensitive transmission of electromagnetic field through the ZnO/air interface leads to such an observation. The results of the simulation show also that the lack of axial Fabry-Pérot-like resonances in the CL experiments is caused by leaking of the electromagnetic field from the ZnO resonator into the GaN substrate.
Thermal destabilization mechanism of cytochrome c′ from psychrophilic Shewanella violacea
Authors: Sakaguchi Riku , Fujiyoshi So , Wakai Satoshi , Yamanaka Masaru , Sambongi Yoshihiro 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Cytochrome c′ is a nitric oxide (NO)-binding heme protein found in Gram negative bacteria. The thermal stability of psychrophilic Shewanella violacea cytochrome c′ (SVCP) is lower than those of its homologues from other 2 psychrophilic Shewanella species, indicating that thermal destabilization mechanism for low-temperature adaptation accumulates in SVCP. In order to understand this mechanism at the amino acid level, here the stability and function of SVCP variants, modeled using the 2 homologues, were examined. The variants exhibited increased stability, and they bound NO similar to the wild type. The vulnerability as to the SVCP stability could be attributed to less hydrogen bond at the subunit interface, more flexible loop structure, and less salt bridge on the protein surface, which appear to be its destabilization mechanism. This study provides an example for controlling stability without spoiling function in psychrophilic proteins.
Validation of a Host Gene Expression Test for Bacterial/Viral Discrimination in Immunocompromised Hosts
Authors: Mahle Rachael E , Suchindran Sunil , Henao Ricardo , Steinbrink Julie M , Burke Thomas W , McClain Micah T , Ginsburg Geoffrey S , Woods Christopher W , Tsalik Ephraim L 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
Host gene expression has emerged as a complementary strategy to pathogen detection tests for the discrimination of bacterial and viral infection. The impact of immunocompromise on host-response tests remains unknown. We evaluated a host-response test discriminating bacterial, viral, and noninfectious conditions in immunocompromised subjects.

Methods
An 81-gene signature was measured using real-time–polymerase chain reaction in subjects with immunocompromise (chemotherapy, solid-organ transplant, immunomodulatory agents, AIDS) with bacterial infection, viral infection, or noninfectious illness. A regularized logistic regression model trained in immunocompetent subjects was used to estimate the likelihood of each class in immunocompromised subjects.

Results
Accuracy in the 136-subject immunocompetent training cohort was 84.6% for bacterial versus nonbacterial discrimination and 80.8% for viral versus nonviral discrimination. Model validation in 134 immunocompromised subjects showed overall accuracy of 73.9% for bacterial infection (P = .04 relative to immunocompetent subjects) and 75.4% for viral infection (P = .30). A scheme reporting results by quartile improved test utility. The highest probability quartile ruled-in bacterial and viral infection with 91.4% and 84.0% specificity, respectively. The lowest probability quartile ruled-out infection with 90.1% and 96.4% sensitivity for bacterial and viral infection, respectively. Performance was independent of the type or number of immunocompromising conditions.

Conclusions
A host gene expression test discriminated bacterial, viral, and noninfectious etiologies at a lower overall accuracy in immunocompromised patients compared with immunocompetent patients, although this difference was only significant for bacterial infection classification. With modified interpretive criteria, a host-response strategy may offer clinically useful diagnostic information for patients with immunocompromise.
Acute kidney injury in 3182 patients admitted with COVID-19: a single-center, retrospective, case–control study
Authors: Procaccini Fabio L , Alcázar Arroyo Roberto , Albalate Ramón Marta , Torres Aguilera Esther , Martín Navarro Juan , Ryan Murua Pablo , Cintra Cabrera Melissa , Ortega Díaz Mayra , Puerta Carretero Marta , de Sequera Ortiz Patricia 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundAcute kidney injury (AKI) may develop in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients and may be associated with a worse outcome. The aim of this study is to describe AKI incidence during the first 45 days of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic in Spain, its reversibility and the association with mortality.MethodsThis was an observational retrospective case–control study based on patients hospitalized between 1 March and 15 April 2020 with SARS-CoV-2 infection and AKI. Confirmed AKI cases were compared with stable kidney function patients for baseline characteristics, analytical data, treatment and renal outcome. Patients with end-stage kidney disease were excluded.ResultsAKI incidence was 17.22% among 3182 admitted COVID-19 patients and acute kidney disease (AKD) incidence was 6.82%. The most frequent causes of AKI were prerenal (68.8%) and sepsis (21.9%). Odds ratio (OR) for AKI was increased in patients with pre-existent hypertension [OR 2.58, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.71–3.89] and chronic kidney disease (CKD) (OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.33–3.42) and in those with respiratory distress (OR 2.37, 95% CI 1.52–3.70). Low arterial pressure at admission increased the risk for Stage 3 AKI (OR 1.65, 95% CI 1.09–2.50). Baseline kidney function was not recovered in 45.73% of overall AKI cases and in 52.75% of AKI patients with prior CKD. Mortality was 38.5% compared with 13.4% of the overall sample population. AKI increased mortality risk at any time of hospitalization (hazard ratio 1.45, 95% CI 1.09–1.93).ConclusionsAKI is frequent in COVID-19 patients and is associated with mortality, independently of acute respiratory distress syndrome. AKD was also frequent and merits adequate follow-up.
Metaheuristic-Enabled Artificial Neural Network Framework For Multimodal Biometric Recognition With Local Fusion Visual Features
Authors: Gokulkumari G 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Biometric systems depending on ‘one-modal biometrics’ do not meet up with the required performance necessities for huge user appliances, owing to certain issues like ‘noisy data, intra-class variations, restricted degrees of freedom, spoof attacks and unacceptable error rates’. This work tends to discover a multimodal biometric recognition (MBR) model that includes three main phases like ‘(i) pre-processing, (ii) segmentation, (iii) feature extraction and (iv) classification’. Initially, the images are pre-processed and those pre-processed images are subjected to segmentation. In this context, segmentation is carried out using the Otsu thresholding model. The segmented images are then subjected to a feature extraction process. This work exploits local feature extraction, where ‘Gabor filter features, Zernibe moment features and proposed local binary pattern features’ are extracted. Subsequently, the fusion framework is developed, which has enhanced classification abilities with minimal dimension for MBR. As the next process, recognition takes place by the optimized neural network (NN) model. As a novelty, the training of NN is carried out using a new modified dragonfly algorithm by selecting the optimal weight. Finally, analysis is carried out for validating the betterment of the presented model in terms of different measures.
Elevational and Latitudinal Changes in Cold Tolerance of Nymph and Adult Mormon Crickets Anabrus simplex (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)
Authors: Srygley Robert B 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Insects that hatch in winter and early spring in desert and montane regions are likely to encounter extreme weather events, including precipitous drops in temperature. The susceptibility of insects to exposure to subzero temperatures is predicted to decrease with increasing latitude or elevation. Mormon crickets occur over a broad latitudinal range from southwestern United States to Canada and a broad elevational range from near sea-level to 3,000 m. Population declines have been attributed to late freezing events, but winter hatching suggests they may also be cold tolerant. Lower lethal temperature of high elevation populations in low latitude Arizona (AZ) and high latitude Wyoming (WY) was measured by exposing nymphs and adults to 6 h or 24 h of subzero temperature. From similar latitude, WY was compared with mid-elevation Idaho (ID) and low elevation Oregon (OR) populations. Contrary to the prediction, lethal temperature of third instar nymphs was lower in AZ than in the more northerly populations. Consistently, AZ was more tolerant of cold in early nymphal instars relative to populations from higher latitude. Early hatching at lower latitudes might increase the risk of early instars experiencing a severe cold snap relative to nymphs at high latitudes. Also, contrary to prediction, the lethal temperature of adults increased with elevation, whereas third instar nymphs from mid-elevation ID were the most susceptible to cold exposure. Cold tolerance in immature and mature stages is more likely to be uncoupled when life stages do not coincide, as with Mormon crickets.
Right coronary artery–left ventricular fistula with giant right coronary artery of diffuse ectasia: a case report
Authors: Zhang Qiuxia , Chen Yaode , Hou Yuqing , Xiu Jiancheng 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
Coronary artery fistula complicated with giant coronary artery ectasia (CAE) is a rare cardiac malformation, and its surgical indications and treatment strategies still need further discussion.

Case summary
In this case, a 41-year-old man had complained of occasional dizziness for 2 years, but he did not seek medical attention until he started to feel palpitations. A right coronary artery (RCA)–left ventricular (LV) fistula with giant RCA of diffuse ectasia was firstly revealed by transthoracic echocardiography. A widened left ventricle and significantly constricted right atrium and right ventricle were also detected by three-dimensional coronary artery computed tomography. Surgical treatment, including the repair of the RCA-LV fistula, the resection and reconstruction of the dilated RCA and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) under hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass, were performed to correct the malformation. The patient presented a favourable health condition without any discomfort at the 1-year follow-up.

Discussion
CAE can be caused by various congenital or acquired factors. Surgical treatment, such as transcatheter embolization excision, surgical ligation or resection for symptomatic patients with CAE three times or larger than the reference diameter, has been reported to have satisfactory results. Additionally, CABG can be selected if myocardial perfusion is compromised and the distal branch is of reasonable size. In this case, the giant ectasia of the RCA may have been a consequence of the congenital RCA-LV fistula. Atherosclerosis, with calcified plaques in the RCA, and the patient’s long-term history of smoking may have contributed to the development of giant ectasia of the RCA.
A Composite Likelihood Approach for Dynamic Structural Models
Authors: Canova Fabio , Matthes Christian 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe explain how to use the composite likelihood function to ameliorate estimation, computational and inferential problems in dynamic stochastic general equilibrium models. We combine the information present in different models or data sets to estimate the parameters common across models. We provide intuition for why the methodology works and alternative interpretations of the estimators we construct and of the statistics we employ. We present a number of situations where the methodology has the potential to resolve well-known problems and to provide a justification for existing practices that pool different estimates. In each case, we provide an example to illustrate how the approach works and its properties in practice.
Is radial artery occlusion and local vascular complications following transradial coronary procedures affected by the type of haemostasis device used? A non-inferiority Randomized Controlled Trial (RadCom trial)
Authors: Due-Tønnessen Nicole , Egeland Cecile H , Meyerdierks Oliver J , Opdahl Anders 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Aims
Vascular access site complications following transradial coronary procedures are less common and severe compared to femoral approach. Radial artery occlusion is considered the main adverse effect. As radial access is gaining more acknowledgement, complication awareness, and understanding is important. The aim was to assess complication rates following transradial coronary procedures and to compare two radial compression devices in a non-inferiority randomized controlled trial.

Methods and results
Four hundred and ninety-nine patients were randomized to radial compression with a new device (RY Stop, n = 248) or the reference device (TR Band, n = 251) following transradial coronary procedures. Radial artery occlusion persistent at 90 days was the primary endpoint. Discomfort and accounts of vascular complications at access site were secondary endpoints. Radial artery occlusion was observed in 5% (n = 26) for the entire cohort with no difference between groups (RY Stop 6% vs. TR Band 5%; P = 0.69). Patients overall reported low levels of discomfort and the median scores were similar in both groups; RY Stop: 7 vs. TR Band: 10 (P = 0.90). There were few incidents of bleeding (7%), however, they were significantly more frequent with the RY Stop (12%) than with the TR Band (3%; P = 0.001). Few patients (4%) developed access site haematomas, and the incidence was similar in the two groups (P = 0.98).

Conclusion
We observed a radial artery occlusion rate of 5% at 90 days post-procedure. Access site discomfort and vascular complication rates were low. Overall, the RY Stop compression device was not inferior to the TR Band except occurrences of bleeding.
Correlation of Seed Weight and Nurserybed Traits with 5-, 10-, and 15-Year Volumes in a Loblolly Pine Progeny Test
Authors: Robinson John F. , van Buijtenen J. P. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Seed weight and nurserybed traits of loblolly pine families measured in detail in 1958 were compared to volumes attained 5, 10, and 15 years after outplanting. Three out of eight characteristics showed significant correlations. These were: (1) percent of seedlings within a family with distinct terminal buds in December, (2) percent of seedlings within a family without basal branches and (3) seed weight. A multiple regression was developed using two of these characteristics to predict volume at age 15. Although the regression R² value was low, a genetic gain of 8.0 percent could have been realized by selecting the best 20 percent of the families from the nurserybed. Forest Sci. 25:591-596.
Economic Impacts of Controlling Soil Loss from Silvicultural Activities in East Texas
Authors: Hickman Clifford A. , Jackson Ben D. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A linear programming model was used to study some of the economic consequences of imposing controls to limit soil loss from silvicultural activities in a northeast Texas county. Specifically, four control alternatives were evaluated in terms of their impacts on aggregate net income to forest landowners and aggregate timber output. These alternatives were an aggregate soil loss limit, a per unit area soil loss limit, a tax on excess soil loss, and a subsidy for reduced soil loss. It was found that each of these controls necessitated substantial reductions in landowner income and timber output to achieve only modest reductions in soil loss. The significance of these results is discussed, as is the potential usefulness of the linear programming model as a basis for decisionmaking about the economic rationality of silvicultural nonpoint source controls. Forest Sci. 25:627-640.
Continuous Forest Inventory Using a Linear Filter
Authors: Dixon Bruce L. , Howitt Richard E. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Timber management may be conceptualized as a stochastic optimal control problem because of uncertainty about forest dynamics and the sequential nature of the decisionmaking process. Given this point of view, it follows that decisions will be based on the conditional distributions of unknown model parameters where the distributions are derived recursively. By making various approximations, the management actions become a function of the conditional mean of timber inventories. This conditional mean and the conditional covariance of the inventories are generated by a Kalman filter. The conditional mean can alternatively be interpreted as an estimate of the unknown timber inventories. This estimate thus has the virtue of being optimal with respect to the overall timber management problem. The partial replacement estimator of Ware and Cunia is shown to be a special case of the Kalman estimator. The variance of the Ware and Cunia estimator is always greater than or equal to the variance of the corresponding Kalman estimator. Numerical results show that the variance of the Kalman estimator is almost always less than the variance of the Ware and Cunia estimator. In some cases when using the Kalman filter simple random sampling is shown to yield estimates with lower variance than partial replacement sampling. Forest Sci. 25:675-689.