bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Area of Specialization and Teaching Performance of the Secondary Science Teachers in Negros Oriental, Philippines
Authors: S. Malahay Roger 
Published: December 2021

The K to 12 reform and the new Philippine Professional Standard for Teachers have changed the landscape of teacher quality requirements in the Philippines. It is in this context that this study is deemed necessary to determine the area of specialization and the teaching performance of the public secondary school Science teachers in terms of science content knowledge with this new educational schemeThere were 46 respondents in this study from the Department of Education-Guihulngan City Division, Negros Oriental Philippines. Findings reveal that the science teachers’ area of specialization can be categorized as Bachelor of Secondary Education (BSED) major in General Science, BS in Scientific Field (Nursing, Biology, and Chemical Engineering) and the Non-Science Field (English, TLE, Social Science). It indicates that majority of them lack the needed educational qualification to teach all science disciplines in the K12 curriculum. Furthermore, it shows that the BSED-General Science teachers with outstanding rating perform better than the B.S. in Scientific Field group and the non-science teachers with very good and good performance ratings respectively. It is an indication of lack of science content knowledge among the non-science teachers. Furthermore, the result discloses that the area of specialization is a determining factor in their teaching performance. It revealed that among the three groups of respondents, the general science teachers appear to be the most efficient. They are followed by those in the B.S. in Scientific field, and the non-science teachers came out to be the lowest. Hence, it clearly suggests that the BSED-General Science teachers are the most qualified to teach science since they have the sufficient educational preparations. The B.S.in Scientific Field teachers need to undergo more training and enroll in graduate studies to master all the science areas in the K12 curriculum. While the non-science teachers are discouraged to handle science subjects since they lack the necessary educational preparation to teach science.
The association of problematic use of social media and online videogames with aggression is mediated by insomnia severity: A cross‐sectional study in a sample of 18‐ to 24‐year‐old individuals
Authors: Bersani Francesco Saverio , Barchielli Benedetta , Ferracuti Stefano , Panno Angelo , Carbone Giuseppe A. , Massullo Chiara , Farina Benedetto , Corazza Ornella , Prevete Elisabeth , Tarsitani Lorenzo , Pasquini Massimo , Biondi Massimo , Imperatori Claudio 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOne of the worrying concomitants of problematic use of Internet (PUI) is aggression. Although the mechanisms underlying such link have not been completely clarified, it has been suggested that problematic use of social media and online videogames (i.e., two common forms of PUI among young adults) lead to increased sleep disturbances which, in turn, represent a relevant trigger for aggression. We have tested this hypothesis in a sample (N = 480) of young individuals (351 females and 129 males; mean age: 21.76 ± 1.92 years; range: 18–24). Self‐report measures investigating symptoms related to social media addiction (SMA), Internet gaming disorder (IGD), insomnia severity, and aggression were used. Mediational models analyzing the direct and indirect associations of SMA‐ and IGD‐related symptoms on aggression severity through insomnia‐related symptoms were performed controlling for confounding factors. The models showed that the total effects of SMA‐related symptoms (B = 0.018; p = .010) and of IGD‐related symptoms (B = 0.018; p = .041) on aggression severity were significant and that these associations were mediated by insomnia‐related symptoms (respectively, p < .001 and p = .003). Our findings support the potential mediating role of insomnia severity in the association of SMA‐ and IGD‐related disturbances with levels of aggression.
Recent Advances in Materials Design Using Atomic Layer Deposition for Energy Applications
Authors: Gupta Bikesh , Hossain Md. Anower , Riaz Asim , Sharma Astha , Zhang Doudou , Tan Hark Hoe , Jagadish Chennupati , Catchpole Kylie , Hoex Bram , Karuturi Siva 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe design and development of materials at the nanoscale has enabled efficient, cutting‐edge renewable energy storage, and conversion devices such as solar cells, water splitting, fuel cells, batteries, and supercapacitors. In addition to creating new materials, the ability to refine the structure and interface properties holds the key to achieving superior performance and durability of these devices. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) has become an important tool for nanofabrication as it allows the deposition of pin‐hole‐free films with atomic‐level thickness and composition control over high aspect ratio surfaces. ALD is successfully used to fabricate devices for renewable energy storage and conversion, for example, to deposit absorber materials, passivation layers, selective contacts, catalyst films, protection barriers, etc. In this review article, recent advances enabled by ALD in designing materials for high‐performance solar cells, catalytic energy conversion systems, batteries, and fuel cells, are summarized. The critical issues impeding the performance and durability of these devices are introduced and then the role of ALD in addressing them is discussed. Finally, the challenges in the implementation of ALD technique for nanofabrication on industrial scale are highlighted and a perspective on potential solutions is provided.
In Situ Synthesis of Bismuth Nanoclusters within Carbon Nano‐Bundles from Metal–Organic Framework for Chloride‐Driven Electrochemical Deionization
Authors: Liu Yong , Wang Lihao , Yao Qiaofeng , Gao Xin , Du Xin , Dou Xinyue , Zhu Haiguang , Yuan Xun , Xie Jianping 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUltrasmall metal nanoclusters (MNCs, <3 nm) have emerged as a novel class of functional nanomaterials. Different from the prosperous development of noble MNCs, the fabrication of non‐noble MNCs remains a major challenge, which greatly curtails the advance of relevant application fields. Herein the authors put forward an in situ synthesis strategy of bismuth nanoclusters (Bi NCs) within carbon nano‐bundles (Bi NCs@CNBs) by simply carbonizing the Bi‐containing metal–organic framework (Bi‐MOF), and deploy it as a Cl− capturing electrode for electrochemical deionization (EDI) towards the relief of global freshwater scarcity. Of note, as a “killing two birds with one stone” strategy, the Bi‐MOF not only makes the in situ formation of Bi NCs possible but also provides a reinforcing “carbon shell” for better electronic conductivity and structural stability. As a result, the Bi NCs@CNB‐based EDI system displays ultrafast desalination (0.52 mg g−1 s−1) with outstanding cycling stability, which is beneficial from the ultrasmall size of the electrode material and cannot be achieved by large‐sized Bi nanoparticle‐based system. This work is interesting because it unprecedentedly introduces ultrasmall MNCs into EDI to manipulate the surface‐controlled Cl− storage for ultrafast EDI, boosting the advances of both non‐noble MNCs and their application in EDI.
Conductivity Mechanism in Ionic 2D Carbon Nitrides: From Hydrated Ion Motion to Enhanced Photocatalysis
Authors: Kröger Julia , Podjaski Filip , Savasci Gökcen , Moudrakovski Igor , Jiménez‐Solano Alberto , Terban Maxwell W. , Bette Sebastian , Duppel Viola , Joos Markus , Senocrate Alessandro , Dinnebier Robert , Ochsenfeld Christian , Lotsch Bettina V. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCarbon nitrides are among the most studied materials for photocatalysis; however, limitations arise from inefficient charge separation and transport within the material. Here, this aspect is addressed in the 2D carbon nitride poly(heptazine imide) (PHI) by investigating the influence of various counterions, such as M = Li+, Na+, K+, Cs+, Ba2+, NH4+, and tetramethyl ammonium, on the material's conductivity and photocatalytic activity. These ions in the PHI pores affect the stacking of the 2D layers, which further influences the predominantly ionic conductivity in M‐PHI. Na‐containing PHI outperforms the other M‐PHIs in various relative humidity (RH) environments (0–42%RH) in terms of conductivity, likely due to pore‐channel geometry and size of the (hydrated) ion. With increasing RH, the ionic conductivity increases by 4–5 orders of magnitude (for Na‐PHI up to 10‐5 S cm‐1 at 42%RH). At the same time, the highest photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate is observed for Na‐PHI, which is mirrored by increased photogenerated charge‐carrier lifetimes, pointing to efficient charge‐carrier stabilization by, e.g., mobile ions. These results indicate that also ionic conductivity is an important parameter that can influence the photocatalytic activity. Besides, RH‐dependent ionic conductivity is of high interest for separators, membranes, or sensors.
Triarylamine‐Based Wholly Aromatic Polyimide with Simultaneously Unprecedented Photoluminescence Efficiency and High Glass‐Transition Temperature
Authors: Shao Yu‐Jen , Liou Guey‐Sheng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe weak photoluminescence (PL) of wholly aromatic polyimide (Ar‐PI) is generally associated with the strong charge‐transfer complex effect in both solution and solid states. Research has focused on structural designs promoting the PL behavior, but Ar‐PI PL remains a challenge in the solid state. Herein, a twisted conformation is incorporated into a triphenylamine‐based polyimide backbone to obtain a series of Ar‐PIs with extremely high PL quantum efficiency (ΦPL) in solution and even film states. PI3M‐4M exhibits the highest ΦPL of up to 61% in the film state, which is considerably superior to the values for reported Ar‐PIs. PI3M‐4M is also the first Ar‐PI to simultaneously demonstrate an unprecedented ΦPL with a remarkable glass‐transition temperature Tg of 470 °C.
Donor‐Acceptor Based 1,8‐Naphthalimide Substituted Phenothiazines: Tuning of HOMO‐LUMO Gap
Authors: Poddar Madhurima , Rout Yogajivan , Misra Rajneesh 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA set of donor‐acceptor (D‐A) substituted phenothiazine based chromophores (D‐π‐D‐π‐A, D′‐π‐D‐π‐A, D‐A′‐D‐π‐A and D′‐A′‐D‐π‐A) were designed and synthesized. The phenothiazine was substituted with the 4‐ethynyl‐1,8‐naphthalimide (NPI) on one side and a variety of donors (phenothiazine, carbazole, ferrocene and triphenylamine) were introduced on the other side of phenothiazine via Pd‐catalyzed Sonogashira cross‐coupling reaction resulting PTZ8–11. In order to tune the optoelectronic properties of the phenothiazine chromophores, cyano‐based acceptor 1,1,4,4‐tetracyanobuta‐1,3‐diene (TCBD) was incorporated by [2+2] cycloaddition‐electrocyclic ring‐opening reaction of phenothiazine derivatives PTZs 8–11 and tetracyanoethylene (TCNE). The photophysical and electrochemical studies showed that the incorporation of TCBD acceptor in the phenothiazine chromophores PTZs 12–15 facilitated the donor‐acceptor strength to greater extent. The electronic absorption spectra exhibited red shifted absorption bands for the TCBD substituted phenothiazines as compared to the alkynylated phenothiazines which led to much lower optical band gaps in the formers. The experimental values were also supported by the DFT and TD‐DFT calculations.
Environment‐tolerant conductive and superhydrophobic poly(m‐phenylene isophthalamide) fabric prepared via γ‐ray activation and reduced graphene oxide/nanoSiO2modification
Authors: Li Taolin , Zou Lin , Cheng Kaichang , Liu Xiang , Shi Honghui , Yang Qingqing , Chang Baobao , Shi Xianzhang , Ma Jialu , Liu Chuntai , Shen Changyu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAs one of the high‐performance polymer fibers, poly(m‐phenylene isophthalamide) (PMIA) is widely used in the area of military and aerospace applications. Whereas, its insulation and hydrophilic nature may lead to electric charge accumulation and dust adherence. This work aims to fabricate a PMIA fabric with integrated conductive and superhydrophobic abilities via a simple method including γ‐ray irradiation and dip‐coating. Results show that after γ‐ray irradiation, the surface roughness of PMIA was enhanced and the content of the oxygen element was increased. In the dip‐coating step, the micro‐pits and grooves on the surface of PMIA were covered totally by a layer of graphene oxide (GO). After reduction to reduced GO (rGO), a conductive network was built. The conductivity of the fabric was decreased to a minimum value of 0.5 Ω m. Meanwhile, the quite low volume resistivity was retained as 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H‐perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane (PFTS)/hydrophobic fumed silica nanoparticles (SiO2) was decorated on rGO. Due to the microscale aggregation constituted by nano‐SiO2, the fabric presented a superhydrophobic property and self‐cleaning ability against simulated Lunar dust. Furthermore, the durability performance proves that an excellent environment‐tolerant ability has been endowed to the PMIA fabric by the modification.
Deletion analysis of Pichia pastoris alcohol dehydrogenase 2 (ADH2) promoter and development of synthetic promoters
Authors: Erden‐Karaoğlan Fidan , Karaoğlan Mert , Yılmaz Gürkan , Yılmaz Semiramis , İnan Mehmet 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPichia pastoris (Komagataella phaffii) is a non‐conventional Crabtree‐negative yeast with the capability of reaching very high cell densities in a fed‐batch fermentation process. The alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) genes of P. pastoris involved in ethanol metabolism were identified and were previously characterized. This work aimed to extend current knowledge of the regulation of the ADH2 promoter. To this end, we first determined the upstream activator (UAS) and repressor (URS) sequences of the promoter by deletion assays. Two upstream activator sites have been identified, positioned between ‐900 and ‐801 bp, and ‐284 and ‐108 bp upstream of the ADH2 transcription start site. The sequences positioned between ‐361 and ‐262 bp had a negative effect on the promoter activity and designated a repressor sequence (URS). We then demonstrated that Mxr1 (methanol expression regulator 1) transcription factor activates the ADH2 promoter through the direct interaction with UAS regions in response to ethanol. Furthermore, five different synthetic promoters were constructed by adding or deleting the regulatory sites. These synthetic promoters were tested for extracellular xylanase production at shake flask level by inducing with ethanol. These promoter variants improved the xylanase production ranging between 165% and 200% of the native promoter. The synthetic promoter 5 (SNT5) that displayed the highest activity was further evaluated at the fermenter scale. The modification in the promoter features might have several implications for industrial processes where decoupling the cell growth and product formation is advantageous.
The underlying structure of the English Cancer Patient Experience Survey: Factor analysis to support survey reporting and design
Authors: Gomez‐Cano Mayam , Lyratzopoulos Georgios , Campbell John L. , N. Elliott Marc , A. Abel Gary 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe English Cancer Patient Experience Survey (CPES) is a regularly conducted survey measuring the experience of cancer patients. We studied the survey's underlying structure using factor analysis to identify potential for improvements in reporting or questionnaire design.MethodsCancer Patient Experience Survey 2015 respondents (n = 71,186, response rate 66%) were split into two random subgroups. Using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) on the first subgroup, we identified the survey's latent structure. EFA was then applied to 12 sets of items. A first (“core”) set was formed by questions that applied to all participants. The subsequent sets contained the “core set” plus questions corresponding to specific care pathways/patient groups. We used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) on the second data subgroup for cross‐validation.ResultsThe EFA suggested that five latent factors underlie the survey's core questions. Analysis on the remaining 11 care pathway/patient group items also indicated the same five latent factors, although additional factors were present for questions applicable to patients with an overnight stay or those accessing specialist nursing. The five factors models had an excellent fit (comparative fit index = 0.95, root mean square error of approximation = 0.045 for core set of questions). Items loading on each factor generally corresponded to a specific section or subsection of the questionnaire. CFA findings were concordant with the EFA patterns.ConclusionThe findings suggest five coherent underlying sub‐constructs relating to different aspects of cancer health care. The findings support the construction of evidence‐based composite indicators for different domains of experience and provide options for survey re‐design.
Effect of Emodin on Hyperlipidemia and Hepatic Lipid Metabolism in Zebrafish Larvae Fed a High‐Cholesterol Diet**
Authors: He Lin‐Feng , Wang Cheng , Zhang Ya‐Fang , Guo Chao‐Cheng , Wan Yan , Li Yun‐Xia 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHyperlipidemia (HLP) is a complex pathological condition results from lipid metabolism disorder, which is closely related to obesity, atherosclerosis and steatohepatitis. Emodin (EM), a natural anthraquinone, exhibits prominent hypolipidemic effects. However, its exact mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we successfully established hyperlipidemic zebrafish model induced by 4 % high‐cholesterol diet (HCD) for 10 days and explored the anti‐hyperlipidemic roles and underlying mechanisms of EM. The results indicated that EM attenuated the mortality and body mass index (BMI) of zebrafish with HLP, and ameliorated abnormal lipid levels involved in TC, TG, LDL−C and HDL−C levels. Besides, EM effectively reduced lipid accumulation in blood vessels and liver, alleviated hepatic histological damage, and inhibited vascular neutrophil inflammation. Finally, the mRNA expression of molecules related to lipid metabolism were studied by using real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) to investigated the underlying mechanism. Further results found that treatment with EM up‐regulated AMPKα, LDLR, ABCA1 and ABCG1, and down‐regulated SREBP‐2, PCSK9 and HMGCR expression. In conclusion, EM showed a prominent mitigative effect on lipid metabolism disorder in zebrafish larvae with HCD‐stimulated HLP, which was associated with the enhancement of LDL−C uptake and reverse cholesterol transport, and inhibition of cholesterol synthesis.
Dry bean proteins: Extraction methods, functionality, and application in products for human consumption
Authors: Ferreira Karen Carvalho , Bento Juliana Aparecida Correia , Caliari Márcio , Bassinello Priscila Zaczuk , Berrios Jose De J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground and objectivesLegume proteins, such as those from dried beans, are extracted by methods that can be divided into aqueous or dry fractionation processes. Several techniques have been studied to improve protein extraction in legumes and their functional properties. This article provides relevant information on available extraction methods, their advantages and disadvantages, and the functionality and application of dried bean protein in the manufacture of food products.FindingsIt is possible to obtain yields of up to 93% in dry bean protein extraction by the aqueous fractionation method, resulting in concentrates with a protein content above 70%. The combination of other treatments (thermal or not), applied before or after extraction, can improve the extraction yield and the functional properties of proteins, respectively. Dry fractionation allows yields of up to 30%, which can be improved with electrostatic separation. Bean proteins have equal or superior performance to soybeans in terms of emulsifying properties, high hydrophobicity, and foaming.ConclusionsDry fractionation is a more sustainable method of protein extraction, as it uses few resources and preserves the native properties of proteins. Aqueous fractionation guarantees a higher protein yield. Dried beans are a raw material with enormous potential for protein extraction and application of its protein in the manufacture of vegetable‐based food products with added value and high nutritional and health benefits, such as vegetable meats, for example, which are part of the trend of this decade.Significance and noveltyThis review provides insights into the different bean protein extraction methods and their combinations and how the functional properties can be influenced by them, providing the reader with an available resource to select the most appropriate extraction technique(s) for its application in food.
Impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on diagnosis of new cancers: A national multicenter study of the Veterans Affairs Healthcare System
Authors: Englum Brian R. , Prasad Nikhil K. , Lake Rachel E. , Mayorga‐Carlin Minerva , Turner Douglas J. , Siddiqui Tariq , Sorkin John D. , Lal Brajesh K. 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic caused disruptions in treatment for cancer. Less is known about its impact on new cancer diagnoses, where delays could cause worsening long‐term outcomes. This study quantifies decreases in encounters related to prostate, lung, bladder and colorectal cancers, procedures that facilitate their diagnosis, and new diagnoses of those cancers in the COVID era compared to pre‐COVID era.MethodsAll encounters at Veterans' Affairs facilities nationwide from 2016 through 2020 were reviewed. The authors quantified trends in new diagnoses of cancer and in procedures facilitating their diagnosis, from January 1, 2018 onward. Using 2018 to 2019 as baseline, reductions in procedures and new cancer diagnoses in 2020 were estimated. Calculated absolute and percentage differences in annual volume and observed‐to‐expected volume ratios were calculated. Heat maps and funnel plots of volume changes were generated.ResultsFrom 2018 through 2020, there were 4.1 million cancer‐related encounters, 3.9 million relevant procedures, and 251,647 new cancers diagnosed. Compared to the annual averages in 2018 through 2019, colonoscopies in 2020 decreased by 45% whereas prostate biopsies, chest computed tomography scans, and cystoscopies decreased by 29%, 10%, and 21%, respectively. New cancer diagnoses decreased by 13% to 23%. These drops varied by state and continued to accumulate despite reductions in pandemic‐related restrictions.ConclusionThe authors identified substantial reductions in procedures used to diagnose cancer and subsequent reductions in new diagnoses of cancer across the United States because of the COVID‐19 pandemic. A nomogram is provided to identify and resolve these unmet health care needs and avoid worse long‐term cancer outcomes.Lay Summary

The disruptions due to the COVID‐19 pandemic have led to substantial reductions in new cancers being diagnosed.

This study quantifies those reductions in a national health care system and offers a method for understanding the backlog of cases and the resources needed to resolve them.