bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Currents conversion in the submicron CDW-N-CDW structures
Authors: Zybtsev S. G. , Timofeev V. N. 
Published: July 2021

Using selective area irradiation by electrons with high energies the submicron CDW-N -CDW
heterostructures were obtained on NbSe, single crystals. In sliding CDW regime an excess voltage appears on this
narrow normal region that depends neither on a sample, nor on the length of the irradiated area l and represents
threshold phase slip (PS) voltage Vps, induced on CW-N boundaries. The obtained Vps, data for lower CDW strongly
differ (5-6 times higher) from the known results for NbSe, obtained in the conventional configuration. This suggests
that CDW-N boundaries created by irradiation represent the "ideal" face contacts introducing small perturbations. At
low temperature (T<7 K) and at l<0.5 μm we observe narrow (-0.5 mV width) dynamic conductance peak at zero
bias voltage. The peak amplitude grows with decreasing temperature and length of the irradiated area.
Stresses in glass plate joined with other materials: Modeling and
experimental validation
Authors: Startsev Y. K. 
Published: July 2021

The previously developed relaxation model for annealing
of glass seals with other materials has been applied widely. It remains
unclear whether there are a specific low temperature and very long-term
iso-thermal treatments at which this simple model ceases to work correctly
and requires complication or even revision. With the aim to determine the
minimum fictive temperature at which the relaxation model of annealing of
glass seal with an elastic material is still applicable, the stresses in the
sandwich S52-2 glass-molybdenum seals are measured at different
stabilization temperatures. The experimental temperature-time dependences of
the stresses are compared with those calculated using the relaxation model
of seal annealing. The use of this relatively simple model leads to a quite
satisfactory agreement (even if not identical at all the temperatures) in
the range from the glass transition temperature to 380${}^\circ$C for stabilization
durations as long as 81 days. This treatment duration makes it possible to
reach a structural temperature of 434${}^\circ$C, which is considerably lower than
the structural temperature (525${}^\circ$C) obtained upon simple cooling of glass at
a rate of 3 K/mm.
CESAM—Coded excitation scanning acoustic microscope
Authors: Meriläinen Antti , Hyvönen Jere , Salmi Ari , Hæggström Edward 
Published: July 2021

Scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM) finds use across many disciplines, e.g., biology, industrial quality control, and materials science, thanks to its unique ability to quantify mechanical sample properties combined with its high resolution. However, such imaging is often slow, especially if averaging is necessary. We present a Coded Excitation Scanning Acoustic Microscope (CESAM) that employs coded signals and show that it produces images of higher signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) than the classical SAM in a comparable measurement time. The CESAM employs coded signals instead of the short bursts used in traditional SAMs, and we employ both linear and non-linear frequency modulation. Our results show that compared to the SAM approach, this modulation increases the SNR by 16.3 dB (from 39.9 to 56.2 dB) and reduces the echo duration by 26.7% when we employ a linear chirp to the transducer with a nominal bandwidth of 130–370 MHz. Driving the transducer with a broader bandwidth signal using non-linear chirps (100–450 MHz), we obtained a SNR increase of 10.3 dB and a reduced echo duration of 70.5%. The shorter echo duration increases z-resolution, whereas the lateral resolution remains limited by the wavelength. Finally, we show that by using these coded signals, one can obtain enhanced image quality relative to the standard actuation of the same measurement time. Our results have potential to invigorate the field of acoustic microscopy, especially with samples where the enhanced SNR and/or contrast-to-noise ratio is crucial for image quality.
2D measurements of plasma electron density using coherence imaging with a pixelated phase mask
Authors: Allcock J. S. , Silburn S. A. , Sharples R. M. , Harrison J. R. , Conway N. J. , Vernimmen J. W. M. 
Published: July 2021

In this paper, the pixelated phase mask (PPM) method of interferometry is applied to coherence imaging (CI)—a passive, narrowband spectral imaging technique for diagnosing the edge and divertor regions of fusion plasma experiments. Compared to previous CI designs that use a linear phase mask, the PPM method allows for a higher possible spatial resolution. The PPM method is also observed to give a higher instrument contrast (analogous to a more narrow spectrometer instrument function). A single-delay PPM instrument is introduced as well as a multi-delay system that uses a combination of both pixelated and linear phase masks to encode the coherence of the observed radiation at four different interferometer delays simultaneously. The new methods are demonstrated with measurements of electron density ne, via Stark broadening of the Hγ emission line at 434.0 nm, made on the Magnum-PSI linear plasma experiment. A comparison of the Abel-inverted multi-delay CI measurements with Thomson scattering shows agreement across the 3 × 1019 &lt; ne &lt; 1 × 1021 m−3 range. For the single-delay CI results, agreement is found for ne &gt; 1 × 1020 m−3 only. Accurate and independent interpretation of single-delay CI data at lower ne was not possible due to Doppler broadening and continuum emission.
Spectra and nature of the electronic states of [1]Benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene (BTBT): Single crystal and the aggregates
Authors: Deperasińska Irena , Banasiewicz Marzena , Gawryś Paweł , Morawski Olaf , Olas Joanna , Kozankiewicz Boleslaw 
Published: July 2021

Absorption, fluorescence, and phosphorescence spectra of single crystals of [1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene (BTBT) and BTBT dispersed in frozen n-nonane, n-hexadecane, and dichloromethane matrices were studied at 5 K. Observation of a new absorption band and related changes in the fluorescence to phosphorescence intensity ratio, when the concentration of BTBT in the matrix increased above 10−4M, indicated the presence of BTBT aggregates. Quantum-chemistry calculations performed for the simplest aggregate, isolated dimer, showed that its structure is similar to the “herringbone” element in the BTBT crystal unit cell and the lowest electronic excited singlet state of the dimer has the intermolecular charge-transfer character. A qualitatively different nature of this state in dimers and in crystals, when compared with the situation in BTBT monomer [locally excited (LE) state], is associated with a decrease in the intersystem crossing yield. The structured vibronic structure of phosphorescence spectra in the studied systems indicated LE character of the triplet states.
MK2 degradation as a sensor of signal intensity that controls stress-induced cell fate
Authors: Gutierrez-Prat Nuria , Cubillos-Rojas Monica , Cánovas Begoña , Kuzmanic Antonija , Gupta Jalaj , Igea Ana , Llonch Elisabet , Gaestel Matthias , Nebreda Angel R. 
Published: July 2021

Significance
In response to stress, cells can activate several mechanisms that support functionality and survival. However, strong or persistent stresses usually trigger a deleterious answer that leads to cell death. The protein kinases p38α and MK2 are implicated in a stress-signaling pathway. Here, we characterize a molecular mechanism that helps to translate the stress-induced activation of the p38α–MK2 pathway into appropriate biological responses. We show that MK2-expression levels are regulated by the stress intensity and that degradation of MK2 triggered by ubiquitination is linked to cell death. This mechanism will be valuable to better understand the implication of this signaling pathway in pathologies such as inflammatory diseases and cancer.
On translating Emily Brontë’s style in Wuthering Heights into Arabic
Authors: Muhaidat Fatima 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Translating Emily Brontë’s (1818–1848) Wuthering Heights (1847) into Arabic is a complex and
multifaceted task. This paper explores the challenges involved in this task by discussing distinctive features of Brontë’s style
and their counterparts in Mamdouh Haqqi’s Arabic translation of the novel. Stylistic features under focus include lexis,
figurative language, and structure. As for Brontë’s lexis, it intricately knits elements like characters, setting, and themes. To
take their readers to the unpredictable world of Wuthering Heights, translators try to find Arabic equivalents
suggesting the associations and connotations of the Source Text (ST) style. Among the obstacles translators need to overcome are
lexical gaps, as some lexicalized thoughts and experiences in English have no lexicalized equivalents in Arabic. Resorting to
paraphrases may result in sacrificing the compactness of the source text (ST) and losing some shades of meaning. Further
complications result from dealing with figurative language. Conveying Brontë’s imagery, personifications, and references to
abstract notions in terms of material objects requires thoughtful consideration. Furthermore, the structure of Brontë’s language
significantly expresses characters’ attitudes and other subtle traits. Less vivacious translations are expected when the function
of expressions in the ST eludes translators’ attention. Throughout the discussion, suggestions are made to provide readers of the
text in Arabic with better access to the ST. At the same time, the researcher acclaims Haqqi’s translation which reflects a
considerable effort to make a landmark of English/world literature accessible to Arab readers.
Collaborative construction of turn constructional units in responsive positions of question-answer sequences in Mandarin conversation
Authors: Song Zixuan , Vukadinovich Stefana 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper explores the features and interactional functions of collaboratively constructed TCUs (CCTs) in responsive positions of question-answer sequences in Mandarin daily conversations. Adopting the methodologies of Conversation Analysis, Interactional Linguistics and Multimodal Analysis, the study explores the sequential features of the CCTs and bodily-visual resources co-occurring with the CCTs, such as gaze orientations and gestures. Two categories have been identified based on the participants’ roles in the question-answer sequences. First, the answerer initiates the response to the question, and the questioner collaboratively completes the response. The analysis shows that the questioners are not conveying the action of answering the question but assuming the answer to the question. Second, one answerer initiates the response to the question, and another one collaboratively completes the response. The data demonstrates that this type of CCTs usually involves the two question-recipients with more or less equal epistemic access to the referent.
Recursion theory and the ‘death tax’
Authors: Carson Andrea , Gibbons Andrew , Phillips Justin B. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Since the 2016 US federal election, political actors have weaponized online fake news as a means of gaining
electoral advantage (Egelhofer and Lecheler 2019). To advance understandings of the actors and methods involved in perpetuating fake news,
this article focuses on an Australian story that circulated on and offline through different discourses during the 2019 federal election.
We use content analyses of 100,000 media articles and eight million Facebook posts to trace false claims that the centre-left Labor party
would introduce an inheritance tax dubbed a ‘death tax’ if it won office. To understand this evolution of ‘death tax’ discourse on and
offline – and its weaponization by various actors – we draw from existing theorems of agenda setting, backfire effects, and propose our
own recursion theory.
‘Fake news’ discourses
Authors: Dehghan Ehsan , Glazunova Sofya 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This article explores the strategic use of ‘fake news’ discourses in non-democratic contexts using a mixed-methods
approach grounded in social network analysis and discourse theory. In contexts such as Russia and Iran, where the opposition
generally does not have unrestricted access to the political public sphere, social media platforms serve to influence discourses.
Given the prevalence of fake news discourses, previous studies have already focused extensively on the political elite and their
use of this discourse within Western or Anglo-American contexts, and on the typologies of ‘fake news’. Our findings address this
research gap and suggest that ordinary users in non-Western and non-democratic settings do not differentiate between ‘fake news’
types. Rather, they employ the discourse as a means to strategically delegitimise and discredit their opponents.
Promoting adaptive bone formation to prevent stress fractures in military personnel
Authors: Hughes Julie M. , O'Leary Thomas J. , Koltun Kristen J. , Greeves Julie P. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTMechanical loading leads to adaptive bone formation – the formation of new bone on existing skeletal surfaces – which increases bone strength and fatigue resistance. The same mechanical loading can also cause microdamage to bone and development of a stress fracture through targeted remodelling. Stress fractures are common in military recruits and cause significant morbidity, lost training time, and discharge from military service. This narrative review proposes strategies to promote adaptive bone formation as a novel approach to mitigate the risk of stress fracture injuries during arduous military training. Exercise that is unaccustomed, dynamic, high‐impact, multidirectional, intermittent, and includes extended rest periods to restore bone mechanosensitivity, is most osteogenic. New bone formation can take up to one year to mineralize, and so new exercise training programmes should be initiated well in advance of military activities with high risk of stress fracture. Bone mechanosensitivity is highest in adolescence, before puberty, and so increasing physical activity in youth is likely to protect skeletal health in later life, including for those in the military. Recent data show that adaptive bone formation takes place during initial military training. Adaptive bone formation can also be supported with adequate sleep, vitamin D, calcium, and energy availability. Further evidence on how strategies to promote adaptive bone formation affect stress fracture risk are required. Adaptive bone formation can be optimized with a range of training and nutritional strategies to help create a resilient skeleton, which may protect against stress fracture throughout military service.
Rule 54: exactly solvable model of nonequilibrium statistical mechanics
Authors: Buča Berislav , Klobas Katja , Prosen Tomaž 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We review recent results on an exactly solvable model of nonequilibrium statistical mechanics, specifically the classical rule 54 reversible cellular automaton and some of its quantum extensions. We discuss the exact microscopic description of nonequilibrium dynamics as well as the equilibrium and nonequilibrium stationary states. This allows us to obtain a rigorous handle on the corresponding emergent hydrodynamic description, which is treated as well. Specifically, we focus on two different paradigms of rule 54 dynamics. Firstly, we consider a finite chain driven by stochastic boundaries, where we provide exact matrix product descriptions of the nonequilibrium steady state, most relevant decay modes, as well as the eigenvector of the tilted Markov chain yielding exact large deviations for a broad class of local and extensive observables. Secondly, we treat the explicit dynamics of macro-states on an infinite lattice and discuss exact closed form results for dynamical structure factor, multi-time-correlation functions and inhomogeneous quenches. Remarkably, these results prove that the model, despite its simplicity, behaves like a regular fluid with coexistence of ballistic (sound) and diffusive (heat) transport. Finally, we briefly discuss quantum interpretation of rule 54 dynamics and explicit results on dynamical spreading of local operators and operator entanglement.
Linking global land surface temperature projections to radiative effects of hydrometeors under a global warming scenario
Authors: Li J-L F , Xu Kuan-Man , Lee Wei-Liang , Jiang J H , Fetzer Eric , Yu Jia-Yuh , Wang Yi-Hui , Stephens Graeme , Wang Li-Chaio 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Land skin temperature (Ts) is directly influenced by surface energy balance, in particular, radiative energy, which can be linked to model’s representation of radiative effects of hydrometeors in the atmosphere. This link is inferred by examining the changes of geographical distribution and seasonal cycle of surface radiation, surface turbulent fluxes and Ts between a pair of 140 years sensitivity experiments under 1% per year increase of atmospheric CO2. One is with radiative effects of falling ice (snow) hydrometeors on (SON) and the other off (NOS) using CESM1-CAM5 and the results are compared with CMIP5 models without these effects. For boreal winter, NOS relative to SON simulates less surface downward longwave and net flux (∼10–15 W m−2), resulting in colder Ts (∼2–3 K colder), over mid- and high latitudes, but more solar radiative flux, resulting in warmer Ts (∼1–3 K), over subtropical and tropical land. These differences between NOS and SON are amplified as the surface and the atmosphere become warmer. The results from CMIP5 ensemble generally match with those of NOS. Temporal correlation analysis indicates that the linkage between Ts and falling ice hydrometeor changes is through one between Ts and downward longwave and net fluxes at high latitudes, but strongly weakened by shortwave changes at low latitudes (and boreal summer). Relative to SON, land skin temperatures in NOS and CMIP5 are underestimated throughout the seasonal cycle but only slightly in summer.
Autologous Lipofilling Improves Clinical Outcome in Patients With Symptomatic Dermal Scars Through Induction of a Pro-Regenerative Immune Response
Authors: Spiekman Maroesjka , Francia Delia L , Mossel Dieuwertje M , Brouwer Linda A , Diercks Gilles F H , Vermeulen Karin M , Folkertsma Mark , Ghods Mojtaba , Kzhyshkowska Julia , Klüter Harald , Krenning Guido , van der Lei Berend , Harmsen Martin C 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundAutologous lipofilling is an emerging procedure to treat and possibly reverse dermal scars and to reduce scar-related pain, but its efficacy and mechanisms are poorly understood.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that repeated lipografts reverse dermal scars by reinitiation of wound healing.MethodsIn a prospective, non-placebo-controlled clinical study, 27 adult patients with symptomatic scars were given 2 lipofilling treatments at 3-month intervals. As primary outcome, clinical effects were measured with the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS). Scar biopsies were taken before and after treatments to assess scar remodeling at a cellular level.ResultsTwenty patients completed the study. Patients’ scars improved after lipofilling. The total POSAS scores (combined patient and observer scores) decreased from 73.2  [14.7] points (mean [standard deviation]) pretreatment to 46.1 [14.0] and 32.3 [13.2] points after the first and second lipofilling treatment, respectively. Patient POSAS scores decreased from 37.3 [8.8] points to 27.2 [11.3] and 21.1 [11.4] points, whereas observer POSAS scores decreased from 35.9 [9.5] points to 18.9 [6.0] and 11.3 [4.5] points after the first and second treatment, respectively. After each lipofilling treatment, T lymphocytes, mast cells, and M2 macrophages had invaded scar tissue and were associated with increased vascularization. In addition, the scar-associated epidermis showed an increase in epidermal cell proliferation to levels similar to that normal in skin. Moreover, lipofilling treatment caused normalization of the extracellular matrix organization towards that of normal skin.ConclusionsAutologous lipofilling improves the clinical outcome of dermal scars through the induction of a pro-regenerative immune response, increased vascularization, and epidermal proliferation and remodeling of scar tissue extracellular matrix.Level of Evidence: 4
Patterns of morphological differentiation withinManacus manacus(Aves: Pipridae) in Colombia: revisiting hypotheses of isolation and secondary contact
Authors: Morales Christian C , Gómez Juan P , Parra Juan L 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDetermining the factors responsible for phenotypic variation within species is a fundamental task in evolutionary ecology. Isolation by distance, isolation by environment and clines along secondary contact zones between formerly isolated populations are common patterns of morphological variation. In this study, we evaluated whether patterns of morphological variation exhibit association with isolation by distance, isolation by environment or secondary contact in populations of Manacus manacus with contrasting plumage colour. We used field and museum measurements of five morphological characters from 311 individuals from 88 localities distributed across a highly heterogeneous environmental range within Colombia. Climatic variables explained a higher proportion of the variation than geographic distance among localities. We found differences in wing and culmen length between white and yellow phenotypes of M. manacus in Colombia. Overall morphology did not change in a clinal fashion in relation to the contact zone and the few traits that exhibit clinal variation suggest a distant locality for the contact zone, not in line with our expectations by secondary contact between differentiated populations, suggesting alternative mechanisms for differentiation between subspecies. Our results suggest that this species exhibits marked morphological variation associated with changes in temperature and precipitation. These associations are consistent throughout the geographic range analysed, leading us to postulate that dispersal and local adaptation jointly shape the distribution of phenotypic variation.
Extrapolated supervirtual refraction interferometry
Authors: Xu Zhuo , Zhang Fengjiao , Juhlin Christopher , Lund Björn , Ask Maria , Han Liguo 
Published: July 2021

SUMMARY
Accurate picking of head-wave arrival times is an important component of first-arrival traveltime tomography. Far-offset traces in particular have low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), but picking on these traces is necessary in order to obtain velocity information at depth. Furthermore, there is often an insufficient number of far-offset traces for obtaining reliable models at depth. We present here an extrapolation method for increasing the number of first arrivals beyond the maximum recorded offset, thereby extending the supervirtual refraction interferometry (SVI) method. We refer to the method as extrapolated SVI (ESVI). It is a novel attempt to extrapolate first arrivals using a fully data-driven method. We first test the methodology on synthetic data sets, and we then apply ESVI to two published real data sets over the Pärvie fault system in northern Sweden. These data sets were acquired along the same profile at different times with different acquisition parameters and noise levels. The results show that ESVI enhances the SNR of head waves when the noise level is high. That is the same as the conventional SVI. ESVI also increases the number of pickable first arrivals by extrapolating head waves past the original maximum offset of each shot. We also show that the significant increase in first-arrival traveltime picks is beneficial for improving resolution and penetration depth in the tomographic imaging and, consequently, better revealing the subsurface velocity distribution. The tomographic images show higher velocities in the hanging walls of the main Pärvie fault and another subsidiary fault, as interpreted relative to migrated images from previous seismic reflection processing.