bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of parboiled rice by-product as a ruminant feed: in vitro digestibility and methane production
Authors: Fidriyanto R , Ridwan R , Watman M , Adi E B M , Mulyaningsih E S , Jayanegara A , Astuti W D , Rohmatussolihat  , Sari N F , Widyastuti Y 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSolid waste generated by parboiled rice industry are rice bran, rice husk and broken rice. Broken rice can be used for cattle feed as energy source. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of parboiling process on the in vitro rumen fermentation. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized block design with 2 rice varieties (LIPI Go 1 and Sintanur) as blocks, 2 different soaking periods (30 and 60 minutes) as treatments and 3 replications. Parboiling treatment was significantly (P<0.05) increased crude protein, organic matter, and crude fiber, but decreased ether extract and solubility. LIPI Go 1 produced higher (P<0.05) gas (11.18%), but lower (P<0.05) gas production rate (52.38%) and methane (10.27%). Soaking rice grain for 30 and 60 minutes decreased rumen dry matter digestibility by 6.13% and 8.90% and increased post rumen dry matter digestibility by 10.41% and 10.43%, respectively. Moreover, 3.55% and 6.84% from total samples of parboiled rice treated by 30 minutes and 60 minutes soaking periods were digested in the ileum. As ruminant feed, parboiled rice decreased methane and digestibility in rumen, and increased the digestibility in post rumen and ileum.
The effect of Aceh’s natural stone presence on the growth, produced biomass and primary metabolites production of Chlorella vulgaris LIPI12-AL042
Authors: Praharyawan S , Rachmayati R 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study sought to evaluate the influence of natural stone presence that was collected from Aceh Province, on the growth and the production of biomass, protein, total sugar and lipid of the microalgae Chlorella vulgaris LIPI12-AL042. Aceh’s natural stone used in this study were nephrite jade (NJ) and black jade (BJ) which were known to possess different minerals composition. The cellular growth of microalgae in terms of biomass yield and its productivity increased significantly (13,38%) under the presence of BJ stone compared to the control. Different results of reduced biomass yield and its productivity were demonstrated by the microalgae culture under the influence of NJ stone’s presence compared to the control. In terms of total sugar, both stones exhibited superior results over the control. The protein content and its yield of the Chlorella vulgaris LIPI12-AL042 cultivated under the influence of the stones demonstrated less quantity over the control.
The structure characteristic of IAA n-acetyl-transferase enzyme produced by two species of bacteria (Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)
Authors: Putrie R F W , Aryantha I N P , Iriawati  , Antonius S 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Exogenic indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) hormone has been known to be produced by plant-associated bacteria for regulating plant growth and development. The genus of Bacillus as the most common colonizer of the plant has the capability to produce this hormone. IAA n-acetyltransferase is an enzyme that plays role in the production of tryptophan-dependent IAA hormone on bacteria. Generally, enzymes as proteins have certain characteristics according to their function. The aim of this study was to compare and analyze the protein structure characteristics of IAA n-acetyltransferase enzyme produced by two species of Bacillus, such as B. subtilis and B. amyloliquefaciens. The analytical modeling based on NCBI database showed that protein structure characteristics produced by these species are similar to 3D protein models and the types of amino acids that build up the enzyme. However, the amount of α-helix, β-sheet and the number of amino acids that make up it remains different. In addition, another similarity was also found that the enzymes of the two species do not have transmembrane proteins. These results can contribute to theoretical knowledge related to the characteristics of structural proteins from enzymes involved in IAA hormone production.
Assessment of irrigation water interval on maize in dryland in central sulawesi
Authors: Irmadamayanti A , Muchtar  , Wahyuni A N , Padang I S , Saidah  , Syafruddin  
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Dryland agriculture has many problems, one of which is the limited level of water availability. The water supply interval is able to use water efficiently with the maximum possible yield potential. This study aims to determine the time of giving water that can give optimum results in maize cultivation in dry climates. The research was conducted at the Sidondo III Agricultural Technology Research and Assessment Installation, Sigi Biromaru District, Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi. The activity was carried out from March to July 2019. The method used was Randomized Block Design using Bima 15 Variety with four water treatment intervals (Control, 8 days, 14 days and 18 days) and each was repeated 3 (three) times. Interval treatment of giving water every 8 days gave better growth and yield compared to other water treatment intervals, namely each 114.67 cm plant height, 10.40 strands number of leaves, 1.51 cm stem diameter, 16.70 cm cob length, 4.36 cm cob diameter, 38 seeds each row, 171.33 grams of 5 cob weight sample, 26. 86 grams weight of jenggel and 6.63 tons / ha yield.
Metagenomic analysis of pathogen mastitis in cow’s milk from Cicurug, Sukabumi, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Kusumawati A , Mustopa A Z , Wibawan I W T , Setiyono A , Sudarwanto M B 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMastitis is a complex disease in cattle that it involves interactions between management practices and infectious agents. The common microorganisms causing mastitis are bacteria, besides this disease can be caused by mycoplasma, algae, and yeast. Pathogen microorganisms in milk can be obtained from cattle, human hands, equipment and the environment. This study aims to analyze the metagenomic of pathogen mastitis in cow’s milk from Cicurug, Sukabumi, West Java. ZymoBIOMICSTMDNA Miniprep Kit was used for genome isolation to metagenomic analysis. The 16S rRNA PCR amplification was used for analysis the results of miniprep. Metagenomic analysis from subclinical mastitis milk showed that bacteria in cow’s milk were the genera ofCorynebacterium_1(20.53 %),Corynebacterium(11.67%),Solibacillus(8.78%),Romboutsia(5.45%),Micrococcus(4.18%),Acinetobacter(3.64%),Aerosphaera(1.94%),Ignavigranum(1.90%),Lysinibacillus(1.49%), andStaphylococcus(1.38%).
The properties of cement boards reinforced with coconut coir fiber (Cocos nucifera) as building materials
Authors: Budiman I , Sumarno A , Triastuti  , Prasetyo A M , Maidina  , Widodo E , Akbar F , Subiyanto B , Nugroho A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Cement board is a composite made from lignocellulosic biomass or other materials and bonded with cement, that has advantages such as fire and termite resistance, and can use for some purposes. The cement board’s quality is affected by the biomass’s chemical components, especially hemicellulose and extractives. Treatment to reduce the content of these two compounds in fiber can improve the cement board quality. This study aimed to evaluate the cement board’s properties reinforced with coconut coir fiber (CCF). Pretreatment was performed on fibers by soaking in cold water for 24 hours and soaking in hot water for 1 hour to reduce the chemical compounds. The ratio between fiber-cement used varied to 1:2.75, 1:3.0, and 1:3.25 based on weight, while magnesium chloride (MgCl2) uses at 2.5% of cement weight as an accelerator. The mixtures hand-matt formed and cold-pressed for 24 hours, with a density of the board was 1.25 g/cm3. The panels kept for 28 days before tested. Physical and mechanical tests conducted according to ISO 8335-1987. Results showed that the cement board’s physical and mechanical properties made from CCF soaked in hot water at the ratio fiber to the cement of 1:3.25 is the best properties compared to others.
The quality of compost made from mixture of Mucuna bracteata and oil palm empty fruit bunch
Authors: Sakiah  , Saragih D A , Sukariawan A , Guntoro  , Bakti A S 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Mucuna bracteata and Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) forages are large amount of palm oil plantation wastes, but they have not optimally utilized yet. This study analyzed the compost from forage of M. bracteata combined with OPEFB. The study used a complete non factorial randomized design with different treatment composition of M. bracteata and OPEFB as compost material, that is: 100% OPEFB, 75% OPEFB + 25% M. bracteata, 50% OPEFB + 50% M.bracteata, 25% OPEFB + 75% M. bracteata, and 100% M. bracteata. The results showed the differences of M. bracteata and OPEFB as forage composition were significantly affected the content of N, K, and compost yield but did not significantly affect the content of P and C/N ratio of compost. The average of compost C-organic content is 35.97-39.14%, N is 2.3-4.42%, P is 0.53-0.64%, K is 3.75-6.59%, C/N ratio is 8.9-17.9, and compost yield is 56-69%. The greater the composition of M. bracteata, the higher the N content of the compost, but K content is lower and vice versa. If the composting was using OPEFB and M. bracteata as the materials, it is suggested to use a composition of 75% OPEFB and 25% M. bracteata.
Toxic effects of different particle size ZnO NPs on marine microalgae Chlorella sp.
Authors: Wei Ming , Wang Yu 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are widely used and will inevitably be released into the marine environment, which will have a serious impact on the microalgae in the ocean, and the toxicity of the NPs is closely related to its size. In this study, it was found that small particles of ZnO are more toxic to photosynthesis. The content of SOD and MDA are significantly increased, indicating that oxidative stress has occurred and the cell membrane has been destroyed. The results show that the NPs with smaller size had the higher toxicity to microalgae.
Influence Study of CO2 Flooding on Formation Oil Parameters in Ultra-Low Permeability Oilfield
Authors: Li Minghui 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In ultra-low permeability reservoir, the fluid permeability is poor, the productivity is low, and the recovery factor is low in conventional way. As an oil displacement agent, CO2 has obvious effect of increasing oil and reducing water in oil and gas development. It can not only improve oil recovery, but also store CO2 and reduce carbon emissions, which has double benefits for environmental protection and oilfield production. CO2 flooding pilot test was carried out in ultra-low permeability Y oilfield in 2007, which has been developed for 14 years. Through the research and practice of CO2 flooding in ultra-low permeability oilfield, this paper systematically summarizes the influence of CO2 injection on formation oil. The results show that: with the increase of CO2 injection, the rise range of saturation pressure becomes smaller; the dissolved gas oil ratio and expansion coefficient increase, the range becomes larger; the density and viscosity decrease, the range becomes smaller; the minimum miscible pressure of produced fluid in multiple contact decreases gradually. CO2 can extract light components. With the decrease of light components, the proportion of components above C18 begins to increase, and the main peak carbon is between C13 and C23. At present, the block is in the initial stage of gas breakthrough, and the effect of oil increase is obvious, which provides a reference for the technology and practice of gas injection to enhance oil recovery in other types of reservoirs.
Study on Flow Instability in Natural Cycle Parallel Channel Based on RELAP5
Authors: Meng Haibo , Zhu Haoqiang , Wang Tianyao 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The natural circulation was widely adopted in the design of new and advance reactors due to its passive nature. Given the facts that the instabilities in a natural circulation system with multi-channel structure showed great complexity and threatened the safety of the plant, the phenomena of instabilities presented in a natural circulation system with 4 parallel heated channels was simulated and analyzed by using RELAP5 code. The results showed that there were 3 different types of instabilities dominated by subcooled boiling, flashing and saturated boiling respectively and the mechanisms were interpreted.
Analysis and Evaluation of the Drying Effect in Tight Sandstone Reservoirs
Authors: Guo Jingjing , Jiang Jianchao , Wang Sibo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
As hydraulic fracturing technology has been widely used in the exploitation of tight gas sandstone reservoirs, the retention of hydraulic fracturing fluid will cause water locking damage to tight gas sandstone reservoirs and it can seriously affect the development of gas reservoirs. Selective injection of drying agents into tight sandstone reservoirs can effectively decrease water saturation and improve gas seepage capacity. Based on the laboratory orthogonal experiments, the injection parameters of drying agents are optimized. Results show that the improvement of gas permeability reaches its best when the concentration of the main drying agent is 1g/L, the injection volume is 4 PV, the injection rate is 0.2 mL/min, the reaction time is 70 min, the reaction temperature is 120 °C, the injection volume of post-positioning fluid is 4 PV, and the reverse displacement time is 90 min. In addition, the higher the irreducible water saturation of the tight core, the greater the increment of gas phase permeability after drying reaction and the higher the degree of water saturation reduction.
Feasibility analysis of large scale horizontal fractrue fracturing in Block N
Authors: Tang Yan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
After entering the ultra-high water cut stage, it is more and more difficult to tap the potential of remaining oil, especially in Block N, the conventional measures are not ideal and lack of effective measures to tap the potential. This paper describes the principle of large-scale horizontal fracture fracturing technology, analyzes the distribution characteristics of remaining oil in Block N, compares the effect of large-scale horizontal fracture fracturing measures, and initially provides the direction for the follow-up measures to tap potential.
Application of skin factor in low water cut stage of tertiary oil recovery
Authors: Gao Hongbin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The application of skin factor can evaluate the change of formation seepage capacity, and the positive and negative value of skin factor can effectively judge the pollution situation of formation skin area. Combined with well test data, this paper analyzes and applies skin factor change of central well after tertiary oil recovery enters low water cut stage. The skin factor is used to classify well test curves, qualitatively analyze well test curves, evaluate single well productivity, and put forward relevant opinions and measures. Furthermore, the change of formation permeability can be judged by the change range of skin factor, and the productivity of fracturing measures can be quantitatively evaluated by referring to the relevant technical limits of fracturing measures. It achieves the degree of using skin factor to evaluate productivity, and achieves good effect of increasing oil and reducing water after being applied to single well evaluation.
A method for predicting fracturing productivity
Authors: Du Zhichao 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
With the development of oil field, it enters the period of super high water cut and measuring well selection is becoming more and more difficult. In order to forecast well productivity more scientific and reasonable after fracturing, this paper presents a method of predicting production after fracturing (factor analysis-formula deduction-instance validation). Its basic idea is that, firstly analysing all factors affecting fracturing productivity, and then using the orthogonal design method to quantify the main factors according to the influence weight, again fitting production forecasting out formulas after fracturing according to the score situation by a statistical principle, finally production forecasting formulas for instance analysis to verify its rationality. The results of the research results show that the prediction method can basically accurately predict the productivity after fracturing and can effectively meet the needs of oilfield development, and provide a reliable theoretical basis for well selection and formation selection in fracturing plan.
Exploration of efficient lifting method for rod pumped well
Authors: Jiang Cong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Up to now, the lifting technology of oil well is mainly adopted by pumping unit. The basic principle of this process design is to adpot continuous pumping method, keep the balance of supply and production, and ensure certain pumping efficiency. In order to further improve the efficiency of collection fluid in pit shaft and lifting in bottom-hole, and realize the goal of increasing production and saving energy, we carry out the test in field and obtain the way of efficient lifting.
Design of additional excitation controller based on H ∞
Authors: Hou Qiuhua , Meng Fanmin , Liu Xiaoyu , Qi Xiaoyan , Chen Xuju , Ding Huifang , Zhang Qing 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper presents an additional excitation controller using wide area information without delay. Firstly, the mathematical model of the system is established according to the state equation of the system, and then the parameters are calculated by using the H ∞ theory and the relevant knowledge of linear matrix inequality. Finally, the control effect is verified by simulation in Matlab/Simulink, and the transmission of wide area information is simulated by truetime2.0 toolbox.
Scheme analysis of Bath modification in West Campus of Beijing University of Chemical Technology
Authors: Yang Yuhua , Zhang Fan , Yang Shuya 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Air-resource heat pump, as a Green energy-saving equipment, which converts low potential energy into high potential energy, is commonly used as an auxiliary heat source of solar energy. Air-resource heat pump is driven by electric energy, makes heat (cold) quantity with ambient air as cold (hot) source. It can not only refrigerate in summer, but also heat in winter [1]. This article analyzes the current situation of the public bathroom in a university, updates and selects the equipment according to the new requirements, and reasonably adjusts and uses the original system device, and adds an automatic control system. After reconstruction, it meets the use requirement and achieves the purpose of energy conservation. Finally, the article also gives some advice of further modification.
An Enhanced Mathematical Model For Cloud Based Data Oriented Job Analysis
Authors: Manishankar S , Anand Santosh 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Data processing or data analytics is the common functionality that is attached to most of the real world applications. The amount of processing required for data oriented tasks or jobs are quiet high. To resolve the processing issue the most common approach deployed is by using a high performance cluster. Setting a cluster over real time infrastructure leads to a very expensive solution. A Cloud based infrastructure remains as an ideal support for setting up a cluster. Managing the cluster over a Cloud is a challenging task as allocation of infrastructure based on the task schedule is a critical parameter. The proposed mathematical model introduces a strategy to allocate the infrastructure and manage the load of the cluster based on Queuing model. The experimental setup is made on top of private cloud and Hadoop based data processing jobs are tested. The proposed data oriented resource optimizer enhances the performance of the cluster by balancing the increased load due to data processing jobs. The result shows the enhanced improvement in performance compared to default resource manager.
Crash Test Analysis Of Bumpers Ofautomobiles Using Ls-Dyna
Authors: Chaure Aman , Mathur Gaurav , Babu T Narendiranath 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This article deals with calculations of deformation and failure of the bumpers of vehicles at different speeds against different obstacles. The main aim of bumpers is to absorb the impact energy in the form of stain energy and efficiently transfer it to the chassis to avoid permanent deformation of the whole frame of any motor vehicle. Different materials have been tried out with and without supporting structures (Ribs) which are known to increase the overall strength of the bumpers while keeping the weight to a minimum. In this experiment, 3 metals namely Sheet Iron, Aluminum and Titanium of varying thickness. Using LD-DYNA 108 cases were implemented. If the component passes the test, the Factor of Safety, Max Stress and the Trends in Variation of these parameters were calculated, the Max Energy Absorbed, Transmitted, the Time required for Failure are extrapolated from the data. Comparisons are drawn between failure, with and without support structures. In the end, overall effectiveness of the support structures in enhancing the load transfer, absorbing strain energy and increasing factor of safety while keeping the mass in check.
Design And Analysis Of Aluminum Matrix Composite Piston
Authors: Saleem M. , Shiva Sam Kumar G , Rosh Suresh A. Ashique 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Piston is meant to be the maximum load withstanding structure in an internal combustion engine. The Piston of an IC engine is assigned to transform thermal energy into mechanical energy by expanding gases and to sustain for a longer period. To increase the lifetime and thermal resistance of the piston, the material should have higher strength to density ratio and lower coefficient of thermal expansion. Thus, the study of reinforced Aluminum metal (A2024 alloy) as a frame and organic compound (fly ash) as a filler or matrix (metal matrix or hybrid composites), which has higher strength to weight ratio is done and this paper deals with the determination and study of structural and thermal stress distribution on Piston made of Aluminum Matrix Composite. A piston model is prepared in CATIA V5R20 (Modelling software) and the properties is examined using CAE software (ANSYS).
Design and Analysis of Composite Micro Aerial Vehicle
Authors: Saleem M , Raj Nishant Kumar , Gupta Shreshth , Ramesh Izate Sunny 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Now a day getting materials which suit our requirement is very tough, so today almost all the industries are going to composite materials. Reinforced and matrix combination giving for new material which has high strength and reduction in weight ratio. These materials are called composites. This research work represents Aluminium matrix composite produced by stir casting techniques. Aluminium matrix composites have less weight, low cost and high stiffness. Composites are used in aerospace industries for reduction in weight. Aluminium matrix composites are tested under various mechanical tests and we’re carried out the characteristics. In this work micro aerial vehicle is designed by using CATIA. Structural and flow analysis were carried out by computational methods.