bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elderly Breast Cancer Patients Benefit from Surgery According to Guidelines
Authors: Mejdahl Mathias Kvist , Christensen Mette Haulund , Nielsen Birgitte Paaschburg , Tvedskov Tove Holst Filtenborg 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose

To investigate among women ≥ 70 years with early stage invasive breast cancer, whether primary endocrine therapy and omission of surgery resulted in an inferior relative survival, whether the omission of preoperative imaging resulted in an inferior local control, and whether the omission of axillary staging resulted in an inferior regional control and inferior relative survival.
Methods

A single center retrospective cohort study at Herlev Hospital, Denmark. Relative survival was expressed as standardized mortality ratios (SMR) and differences were estimated using Poisson regression and evaluated by rate ratios (RR). Differences in local and in regional recurrence were estimated by a Cause Specific Hazard Model and evaluated by hazard ratios (HR). Models were adjusted for age, comorbidity, and tumor size.
Results

We identified 1,142 women. Patients who received only endocrine therapy had a higher SMR than patients treated with primary surgery (RR = 2.57;95%CI:2.01–3.30). Patients treated with primary breast conserving surgery (BCS) did not have a lower risk of local recurrence if they received preoperative imaging (HR = 0.88;95%CI:0.27–2.81). Finally, patients who received an axillary staging had a lower risk of regional recurrence compared to patients who did not receive axillary surgery (HR = 0.25;95%CI:0.08–0.84), but not a statistically significant superior relative survival (RR = 0.78;95%CI:0.60-1.00).
Conclusion

Elderly women with early stage breast cancer treated with only endocrine therapy had an inferior relative survival, omission of axillary staging resulted in a higher risk of regional recurrence and a tendency to an inferior relative survival, and omission of preoperative imaging before BCS did not result in a higher risk of local recurrence.
Duration of Acute Kidney Injury and in-hospital Mortality in Elder Patients With Severe COVID-19: a Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Cai Yue , Li Qinglin , Guo Shanshan , Chen Yanyan , Wang Fang , Li Yangping , Lei Yan , Tao Ling , Li Fei 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background Patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who develop acute kidney injury (AKI) in the intensive care unit (ICU) have extremely high rates of mortality. This study evaluated the prognostic impact of AKI duration on in-hospital mortality in elder patients.Methods We performed a retrospective study of 126 patients with confirmed COVID-19 with severe or critical disease who treated in the ICU from February 4, 2020, to April 16, 2020. AKI was defined according to the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes serum creatinine (Scr) criteria. AKI patients were divided into transient AKI and persistent AKI groups based on whether Scr level returned to baseline within 48 h post-AKI.Results In total, 107 patients were included in the final analysis. The mean age was 70 (64–78) years, and 69 (64.5%) patients were men. AKI occurred in 48 (44.9%) during their ICU stay. Of these, 11 (22.9%) had transient AKI, 37 (77.9%) had persistent AKI. In-hospital mortality was 18.6% (n =11) for patients without AKI, 72.7% (n=8) for patients with transient AKI, and 86.5% (n=32) for patients with persistent AKI (P<0.001). Kaplan–Meier curve analysis revealed that patients with both transient AKI and persistent AKI had significantly higher death rates than those without AKI (log-rank P<0.001). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that transient and persistent AKI were an important risk factor for in-hospital mortality in older patients with severe COVID-19 even after adjustment for variables (hazard ratio [HR]=2.582; 95% CI: 1.025–6.505; P=0.044; and HR=6.974; 95% CI: 3.334–14.588; P<0.001).Conclusions AKI duration is a useful parameter to predict of worse clinical outcomes in elder patients with COVID-19 in the ICU. Among AKI patients, those persistent AKI have a lower in-hospital survival rate than those transient AKI, emphasizing the importance of identifying an appropriate treatment window for early intervention.
Thigmomorphogenic Responses of Epiphytic Bromeliads to Mechanical Perturbation
Authors: Tay Jessica Y. L , Zotz Gerhard , Einzmann Helena J. R. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Vascular epiphytes represent almost 10% of all terrestrial plant diversity. Despite their growing sites exposed to frequent extensive storms, nothing is known about how external mechanical perturbations by wind affects epiphytes’ growth and development. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of such mechanical stress on the growth rate and morphology of epiphytes. Juvenile plants of two species of bromeliads, grown in the greenhouse, were subjected to varying degrees of mechanical stress – Permanent displacement, tilting and mechanical flexing. ANOVAs were used to test possible treatment effects on growth, root-shoot ratio, root diameter, and leeward-windward root area ratio. Contrary to previous studies on herbaceous plants, these bromeliads showed little to no change in root and shoot properties in either species. Although the root-shoot ratio increased in disturbed Guzmania lingulata plants (Tukey HSD, p < 0.001), it was not observed in Vriesea sp. Treatment effects on growth were inconsistent: stress effect on growth was significant only in the first three months of the experiment (padj < 0.05) in G. lingulata, while none of the stress treatments resulted in negative growth in Vriesea sp. All disturbed plants showed some degree of curvature on their stems and leaves against the area of stress to obtain an upright position. This was probably related to the maintenance of a functional tank. This study provided quantitative and qualitative data to understand thigmomorphogenic responses of bromeliads to mechanical stress. Future studies could include field surveys to quantify on-site wind stress and the corresponding morphological changes in vascular epiphytes.
Nomogram for Benign Anastomotic Stricture After Surgery for Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Hu Xuhua , Guo Peiyuan , Zhang Ning , Guo Ganlin , Li Baokun , Liu Youqiang , Niu Jian , Wang Guiying 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background

Benign anastomotic stricture remains among the most prevalent complications following surgery for colorectal cancer, albeit its incidence is very low.
Objective

This study is aimed at identifying risk factors of anastomotic stricture as well as generating an effective nomogram for the stricture.
Design:
This is a retrospective study.
Setting:

This study was conducted from January, 2015 to December, 2019 in a single tertiary center with colorectal cancer.
Patients:

A total of 117 colorectal patients after surgery without recurrence including 39 with anastomotic stricture (the distance between anastomotic site and anal margin < = 20 cm) and 78 without the stricture were enrolled in this study.
Main outcome measures:

Their clinical and pathological data were collected. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted for identifying risk factors for anastomotic stricture, and the nomogram prediction model was generated.
Results

Multivariate analysis of the primary cohort led to identification of LCA (left colon artery) preservation (OR, 0.074; P = 0.0015), protective stoma (OR, 5.353; P = 0.012), anastomotic leakage (OR, 12.027; P = 0.005), and anastomotic distance (OR, 7.578; P = 0.012) as independent risk factors for anastomotic stricture. The following predictive model was derived: Logit (anastomotic stricture) = 0.074* LCA + 5.353* Protective stoma + 12.027* Anastomotic leakage + 7.578* Anastomotic distance. Assessment of the predictive model revealed that the area under curve (AUC) was 0.871, while the cutoff value was 15.444, with a sensitivity of 64.1% and a specificity of 94.8%.
Limitations:

A retrospective and case-controlled design with a small sample size from one single center is the main Limitation.
Conclusions

LCA preservation, protective stoma, anastomotic leakage, and anastomotic distance may affect the occurrence of anastomotic stricture following surgery for colorectal cancer. The nomogram model generated in the present study can be valuable in prediction of anastomotic stricture. Registered at Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (http://www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR 2100043775).
Multi-omics Prediction of Oat Agronomic and Seed Nutritional Traits Across Environments and in Distantly Related Populations
Authors: Hu Haixiao , Campbell Malachy , Yeats Trevor Howard , Zheng Xuying , Runcie Daniel , Covarrubias-Pazaran Giovanny , Broeckling Corey , Yao Linxing , Caffe-Treml Melanie , Gutiérrez Lucı́a , Smith Kevin , Tanaka James , Hoekenga Owen , Sorrells Mark , Gore Michael , Jannink Jean-Luc 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Key message Integration of multi-omics data improved prediction accuracies of oat agronomic and seed nutritional traits in multi-environment trials and distantly-related populations in addition to the single-environment prediction.Multi-omics prediction has been shown to be superior to genomic prediction with genome-wide DNA-based genetic markers (G) for predicting phenotypes. However, most of the existing studies were based on historical datasets from one environment; therefore, they were unable to evaluate the efficiency of multi-omics prediction in multi-environment trials and distantly-related populations. To fill those gaps, we designed a systematic experiment to collect omics data and evaluate 17 traits in two oat breeding populations planted in single and multiple environments. In the single-environment trial, transcriptomic BLUP (T), metabolomic BLUP (M), G + T, G + M and G + T + M models showed greater prediction accuracy than GBLUP for 5, 10, 11, 17 and 17 traits, respectively, and metabolites generally performed better than transcripts when combined with SNPs. In the multi-environment trial, multi-trait models with omics data outperformed both counterpart multi-trait GBLUP models and single-environment omics models, and the highest prediction accuracy was achieved when modeling genetic covariance as an unstructured covariance model. We also demonstrated that omics data can be used to prioritize loci from one population with omics data to improve genomic prediction in a distantly-related population using a two-kernel linear model that accommodated both likely casual loci with large-effect and loci that explain little or no phenotypic variance. We propose that the two-kernel linear model is superior to most genomic prediction models that assume each variant is equally likely to affect the trait and can be used to improve prediction accuracy for any trait with prior knowledge of genetic architecture.
“Evaluation of Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Allopurinol in Diabetic Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (DM-CKD): A Clinical Study”
Authors: Daniyali Mahya , Mahmoudieh Leila , Afzal Golnaz , Hematian Farzaneh , Moradi Omid , ziaie Shadi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Diabetic nephropathy is the most prevalent cause of end-stage kidney disease (ESRD). Besides, factors such as; pro-fibrotic, cytokines, vascular endothelial growth factor, inflammatory factor, and uric acid may play a role in creating and progressing diabetic nephropathy. Decreasing the serum level of inflammatory factors can be useful in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate allopurinol's anti-inflammatory effects in diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease.Methods: In this clinical trial, 60 diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease and normal uric acid level were enrolled into the study with certain inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patients received allopurinol at a dose of 100 mg daily. Demographic parameters, laboratory results in blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (sCr), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), 24-hour urine protein (PrUrine24h), uric acid, serum albumin (Alb), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) and high sensitivity C reactive protein (HSCRP), as well as adverse reactions, were recorded at baseline, ones and three months after.Results: The results showed that patients were not different in point of demographic parameters at baseline. Laboratory results such as; BUN, sCr, GFR, PrUrine24h, Alb, SBP, DBP, and HbA1C did not change significantly over study duration (P>0.05), except uric acid and HSCRP, which were significantly decreased in patients (P=0.024 and P=0.016, respectively). There was not any notable adverse reaction among patients.Conclusion: Low dose Allopurinol (100 mg/day) reduced uric acid and inflammatory biomarker (HSCRP) after three administration months. According to the present study results, Allopurinol can be considered an auxiliary, inexpensive, and low side-effect therapy in diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease.
Magnetic Field Compensation Coil Design for Magnetoencephalography
Authors: Sonntag Hermann , Doeller Christian F. , Haueisen Jens , Maess Burkhard 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
While optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs) can be attached to the head of a person and allow for highly sensitive recordings of the human magnetoencephalogram (MEG), they are mostly limited to an operational range of approximately ±5 nT. Consequently, even inside a magnetically shielded room (MSR), movements in the remnant magnetic field disable the OPMs. Active suppression of the remnant field utilizing compensation coils is therefore essential. We propose 8 compensation coils on 5 sides of a cube with a side length of approximately 2 m which were optimized for operation inside an MSR. Compared to previously built bi-planar compensation coils, the coils proposed in this report are more complex in geometry and achieved 10 times smaller errors for simulated compensation fields. The proposed coils will allow for larger head movements or smaller movement artifacts in future MEG experiments compared to existing coils.
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing and Impedance Cardiography in The Assessment of Exercise Capacity of Patients with Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Kurpaska Małgorzata , Krzesiński Paweł , Prof Grzegorz Gielerak , Gołębiewska Karina , Piotrowicz Katarzyna 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background

Patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) are characterized by different levels of physical capacity, which depends not only on the anatomical advancement of atherosclerosis, but also on the individual cardiovascular hemodynamic response to exercise. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between parameters of exercise capacity assessed via cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and impedance cardiography (ICG) hemodynamics in patients with CAD.
Methods

Exercise capacity was assessed in 54 patients with CAD (41 men, aged 59.5 ± 8.6 years) within 6 weeks after revascularization by means of oxygen uptake (VO2), assessed via CPET, and hemodynamic parameters (heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO), left cardiac work index (LCWi)), measured by ICG. Correlations between these parameters at anaerobic threshold (AT) and at the peak of exercise as well as their changes (Δpeak–rest, Δpeak–AT) were evaluated.
Results

A large proportion of patients exhibited reduced exercise capacity, with 63% not reaching 80% of predicted peak VO2. Clinically relevant correlations were noted between the absolute peak values of VO2 vs. HR, VO2 vs. CO, and VO2 vs. LCWi (R = 0.45, p = 0.0005; R = 0.33, p = 0.015; and R = 0.40, p = 0.003, respectively). There was no correlation between AT VO2 and hemodynamic parameters at the AT time point. Furthermore ΔVO2(peak–AT) correlated with ΔHR(peak–AT), ΔCO(peak–AT) and ΔLCWi(peak–AT) (R = 0.52, p < 0.0001, R = 0.49, p = 0.0001; and R = 0.49, p = 0.0001, respectively). ΔVO2(peak–rest) correlated with ΔHR(peak–rest), ΔCO(peak–rest), and ΔLCWi(peak–rest) (R = 0.47, p < 0.0001; R = 0.41, p = 0.002; and R = 0.43, p = 0.001, respectively).
Conclusion

ICG is a reliable method of assessing the cardiovascular response to exercise in patients with CAD. Some ICG parameters show definite correlations with parameters of cardiovascular capacity of proven clinical utility, such as peak VO2.
Flavonoid-modifying capabilities of the gut microbiome – an in silico study
Authors: Goris Tobias , Cuadrat Rafael , Braune Annett 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Flavonoids are a major group of dietary plant polyphenols and have a positive health impact, but their modification and degradation in the human gut is still widely unknown. Due to the rise of human gut metagenome data and the assembly of hundreds of thousands of bacterial metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), large-scale screening for potential flavonoid-modifying enzymes is now feasible. With sequences from characterized flavonoid-transforming enzymes as queries, the Unified Human Gastrointestinal Protein catalog was analyzed and quantification of putative flavonoid-modifying enzymes was carried out. The results revealed that flavonoid-modifying enzymes are often highly abundant in bacteria hitherto not considered as flavonoid-modifying gut bacteria. The enzymes for the physiologically important daidzein to equol conversion, well studied in Slackia isoflavoniconvertens, were encoded only to a low extent in Slackia MAGs, but more abundant in Adlercreutzia equolifaciens and an uncharacterizedEggerthellaceae species. In addition, a high abundance of genes with a similarity of only about 35% in uncultivated Collinsella species suggest a hitherto uncharacterized Daidzein-to-equol potential in these bacteria. Of all potential flavonoid modification steps, O-deglycosylation (including derhamnosylation) was by far the most abundant in this analysis. In contrast, enzymes putatively involved in C-deglycosylation were detected less often in human gut bacteria and mainly found in Agathobacter faecis (formerly Roseburia faecis). Phloretin hydrolase, flavanonol/flavanone-cleaving reductase and flavone reductase (all three most abundant in Flavonifractor plautii) and O-demethylase (Intestinibacter bartlettii) homologs were of intermediate prevalence (several hundreds of MAGs). This first comprehensive insight into the black box of flavonoid modification in the human gut highlights many hitherto overlooked and uncultured bacterial genera and species as key organisms in flavonoid modification by the human gut microbiota. This could lead to a significant contribution to future biochemical-microbiological investigations on gut bacterial flavonoid transformation. In addition, our results are important for individual nutritional recommendations and for biotechnological applications which rely on novel enzymes catalyzing potentially useful flavonoid modification reactions.
Synthesis of Finely Controllable Sizes of Au Nanoparticles on a Silica Template and Their Nanozyme Properties
Authors: Seong Bomi , Kim Jaehi , Kim Wooyeon , Lee Sang Hun , Pham Xuan-Hung , Jun Bong-Hyun 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

The precise synthesis of fine-sized nanoparticles is critical for realizing the advantages of nanoparticles for various applications. We developed a technique for preparing finely controllable sizes of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) on a silica template using the seed-mediated growth and interval dropping methods. These Au NPs, embedded on silica nanospheres (SiO2@Au NPs), possess peroxidase-like activity as nanozymes and have several advantages over other nanoparticle-based nanozymes. We confirmed their peroxidase activity; in addition, factors affecting the activity were investigated by varying the reaction conditions such as concentrations of tetramethyl benzidine and H2O2, pH, particle amount, reaction time, and termination time. We found that SiO2@Au NPs are highly stable under long-term storage and reusable for five cycles. Our study, therefore, provides a novel method for controlling the properties of nanoparticles and for developing nanoparticle-based nanozymes.
Case Series: Four Cases of Anorexia Nervosa Concomitant with Central Adrenal Insufficiency
Authors: Matsubayashi Sunao , Tanaka Madoka , Hara Takeshi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objective: Widespread attention has been paid to the misdiagnosis of life-threatening Addison's disease as anorexia nervosa. However, there are no reports on the possible comorbidity of Addison's disease and other adrenal insufficiencies with anorexia nervosa.Methods: A case-series presentation of anorexia nervosa concomitant with central adrenal insufficiency.Results: Four anorexia nervosa patients (21-35 years old, all females) complained of severe fatigue during their treatment. After a thorough examination of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis using stimulation with a rapid adenocorticotropic hormone test of 250-µg Cortrosyn®, a corticotropin-releasing hormone test, and an insulin tolerance test, central adrenal insufficiency was diagnosed. Two of the four patients had a history of exogenous steroids for their history of comorbidity. One of the residual two patient had Rathke’s cleft cyst. After the initiation of hydrocortisone replacement the patient's fatigue symptoms improved and they　were able to return to school and their workplace. In some cases, their weight obsession was reduced after the initiation of hydrocortisone replacement.Conclusion: Anorexia nervosa may be concomitant with central adrenal insufficiency partly in relation to exogenous steroids used for their history of comorbidity, which needs to be kept in mind when treating such patients.Level of EvidenceLevel V, descriptive study.
Virus-Like Particles With FLAG-Tagged Envelope Protein as A Tetravalent Dengue Vaccine Candidate
Authors: Imagawa Toshifumi , Ito Masahiko , Matsuda Mami , Nakashima Kenji , Tokunaga Yuhei , Ohta Isao , Li Tian-Cheng , Suzuki Ryosuke , Suzuki Tetsuro 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The global incidence of dengue, which is caused by dengue virus (DENV) infection, has grown dramatically in recent decades and secondary infection with heterologous serotype of the virus may cause severe symptoms. Efficacious dengue vaccines should be able to provide long-lasting immunity against all four DENV serotypes simultaneously. In this study, we constructed a novel vaccine platform based on tetravalent dengue virus-like particles (DENV-LPs) in which envelope (E) protein carried a FLAG tag sequence at the position located not only in the exterior loop on the protruding domain but outside of dimerization interface of the protein. We demonstrated an effective strategy to produce the DENV-LPs by transient transfection with expression plasmids for pre-membrane and E proteins of DENV-1 to DENV-4 in mammalian cells and to concentrate and purify them with one-step affinity chromatography. Characteristic features of VLPs such as particle size, shape and density were comparable to flavivirus-like particles reported. The neutralizing activity against all four DENV serotypes was successfully induced by immunization with the purified tetravalent VLPs in mice. Simple, one-step purification systems for VLP vaccine platforms using epitope-tagging strategy should be advantageous for vaccine development not only for dengue but for emerging pandemics in the future.