bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A cross-sectional study of socioeconomic status and treatment interruption among Japanese workers during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors:   CORoNaWork Project, Fujimoto Kenji , Ishimaru Tomohiro , Tateishi Seiichiro , Nagata Tomohisa , Tsuji Mayumi , Eguchi Hisashi , Ogami Akira , Matsuda Shinya , Fujino Yoshihisa 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused interruptions to chronic disease and non-emergency treatment. The purpose of this study is to examine which socioeconomic status groups are most at risk of treatment interruption among Japanese workers.

Methods
This cross-sectional internet monitor study was conducted among Japanese workers on December 22-26, 2020. Out of a total of 33 302 participants in the survey, 9510 (5392 males and 4118 females) who responded that they required regular treatment or hospital visits were included in the analysis. A multilevel logistic model nested in the prefecture of residence was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) for treatment disruption. We examined separate multivariate models for socioeconomic factors, health factors, and lifestyle factors.

Results
During a period of rapid COVID-19 infection, about 11% of Japanese workers who required regular treatment experienced interruptions to their treatment. The OR of treatment interruption associated with not being married compared with being married was 1.44 (95%CI: 1.17-1.76); manual labor work compared with desk work was 1.30 (95%CI: 1.11-1.52); loss of employment when the COVID-19 pandemic started and continued unemployment compared with being employed over the entire pandemic period was 1.62 (95%CI: 1.13-2.31) and 2.57 (95%CI: 1.63-4.07), respectively; and feeling financially unstable was 2.92 (95%CI: 2.25-3.80).

Conclusion
Treatment interruption is a new health inequality brought about by COVID-19 with possible medium- and long-term effects, including excess mortality, morbidity, and productivity loss due to increased presenteeism. Efforts are needed to reduce treatment interruptions among workers who require regular treatment.
Comprehensive optimization of a reporter assay toolbox for three distinct CRISPR‐Cas systems
Authors: Chen Li , Gao Haoyuan , Zhou Bing , Wang Yu 
Published: May 2021

The clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeats‐associated DNA nuclease (CRISPR‐Cas) protein system allows programmable gene editing through inducing double‐strand breaks. Reporter assays for DNA cleavage and DNA repair events play an important role in advancing the CRISPR technology and improving our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms. Here, we developed a series of reporter assays to probe mechanisms of action of various editing processes, including nonhomologous DNA end joining, homology‐directed repair and single‐strand annealing. With special target design, the reporter assays as an optimized toolbox can be used to take advantage of three distinct CRISPR‐Cas systems (Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9, Staphylococcus aureus Cas9 and Francisella novicida U112 Cpf1) and two different reporters (GFP and Gaussia luciferase). We further validated the Gaussia reporter assays using a series of small molecules, including NU7441, RI‐1 and Mirin, and showcased the use of a GFP reporter assay as an effective tool for enrichment of cells with edited genome.
2D Materials for Skin‐Mountable Electronic Devices
Authors: Kim Jejung , Lee Yongjun , Kang Minpyo , Hu Luhing , Zhao Songfang , Ahn Jong‐Hyun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSkin‐mountable devices that can directly measure various biosignals and external stimuli and communicate the information to the users have been actively studied owing to increasing demand for wearable electronics and newer healthcare systems. Research on skin‐mountable devices is mainly focused on those materials and mechanical design aspects that satisfy the device fabrication requirements on unusual substrates like skin and also for achieving good sensing capabilities and stable device operation in high‐strain conditions. 2D materials that are atomically thin and possess unique electrical and optical properties offer several important features that can address the challenging needs in wearable, skin‐mountable electronic devices. Herein, recent research progress on skin‐mountable devices based on 2D materials that exhibit a variety of device functions including information input and output and in vitro and in vivo healthcare and diagnosis is reviewed. The challenges, potential solutions, and perspectives on trends for future work are also discussed.
Dense All‐Electrochem‐Active Electrodes for All‐Solid‐State Lithium Batteries
Authors: Li Meiying , Liu Tao , Shi Zhe , Xue Weijiang , Hu Yong‐sheng , Li Hong , Huang Xuejie , Li Ju , Suo Liumin , Chen Liquan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe energy density presents the core competitiveness of lithium (Li)‐ion batteries. In conventional Li‐ion batteries, the utilization of the gravimetric/volumetric energy density at the electrode level is unsatisfactory (<84 wt% and <62 vol%, respectively) due to the existence of non‐electrochemical active parts among the 3D porous electrodes, including electrolytes, binders, and carbon additives. These are regarded as indispensable and irreducible components of the electronic and ionic transport network. Here, a dense “all‐electrochem‐active” (AEA) electrode for all‐solid‐state Li batteries is proposed, which is entirely constructed from a family of superior mixed electronic–ionic‐conducting cathodes, to minimize the energy density gap between the accessible and theoretical energy density at the electrode level. Furthermore, with the ionic–electronic‐conductive network self‐supported from the AEA cathode, the dense hybrid sulfur (S)‐based AEA electrode exhibits a high compacted filling rate of 91.8%, which indicates a high energy density of 777 W h kg−1 and 1945 W h L−1 at the electrode level based on the total cathodes and anodes when at 70 °C.
Quicker and More Zn2+ Storage Predominantly from the Interface
Authors: Dai Yuhang , Liao Xiaobin , Yu Ruohan , Li Jinghao , Li Jiantao , Tan Shuangshuang , He Pan , An Qinyou , Wei Qiulong , Chen Lineng , Hong Xufeng , Zhao Kangning , Ren Yang , Wu Jinsong , Zhao Yan , Mai Liqiang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAqueous zinc‐ion batteries are highly desirable for large‐scale energy storage because of their low cost and high‐level safety. However, achieving high energy and high power densities simultaneously is challenging. Herein, a VOx sub‐nanometer cluster/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) cathode material composed of interfacial VOC bonds is artificially constructed. Therein, a new mechanism is revealed, where Zn2+ ions are predominantly stored at the interface between VOx and rGO, which causes anomalous valence changes compared to conventional mechanisms and exploits the storage ability of non‐energy‐storing active yet highly conductive rGO. Further, this interface‐dominated storage triggers decoupled transport of electrons/Zn2+ ions, and the reversible destruction/reconstruction allows the interface to store more ions than the bulk. Finally, an ultrahigh rate capability (174.4 mAh g−1 at 100 A g−1, i.e., capacity retention of 39.4% for a 1000‐fold increase in current density) and a high capacity (443 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1, exceeding the theoretical capacities of each interfacial component) are achieved. Such interface‐dominated storage is an exciting way to build high‐energy‐ and high‐power‐density devices.
Adsorchromism: Molecular Nanoarchitectonics at 2D Nanosheets—Old Chemistry for Advanced Chromism
Authors: Eguchi Miharu , Nugraha Asep Sugih , Rowan Alan E. , Shapter Joe , Yamauchi Yusuke 
Published: May 2021

AbstractChromism induced by changes in the electronic states of dye molecules due to surface adsorption is termed “adsorchromism” in this article. These changes of molecular electronic states are induced by protonation, aggregation, intramolecular structural changes, and other processes, depending on the surface environment. Intramolecular structural changes, such as co‐planarization and decreased molecular motion are the most characteristic and interesting behavior of dye molecules at the surfaces, resulting in spectral shift and/or emission enhancement. In this review, adsorchromism at the surfaces of layered materials are summarized since their flexibility of interlayer distance, surface flatness, and transparency is suitable for a detailed observation. By understanding the relationship between adsorchromism and the electronic states of molecules on the surfaces, it will be possible to induce some desired functions which can be realized simply by adsorption, instead of complicated organic syntheses. Thus, adsorchromism has potential applications such as effective solar energy harvesting systems, or biological/chemical sensors to visualize environmental changes.
Recent Advances in Stimulus‐Responsive Nanocarriers for Gene Therapy
Authors: Yu Cheng , Li Long , Hu Pei , Yang Yan , Wei Wei , Deng Xin , Wang Lu , Tay Franklin R. , Ma Jingzhi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGene therapy provides a promising strategy for curing monogenetic disorders and complex diseases. However, there are challenges associated with the use of viral delivery vectors. The advent of nanomedicine represents a quantum leap in the application of gene therapy. Recent advances in stimulus‐responsive nonviral nanocarriers indicate that they are efficient delivery systems for loading and unloading of therapeutic nucleic acids. Some nanocarriers are responsive to cues derived from the internal environment, such as changes in pH, redox potential, enzyme activity, reactive oxygen species, adenosine triphosphate, and hypoxia. Others are responsive to external stimulations, including temperature gradients, light irradiation, ultrasonic energy, and magnetic field. Multiple stimuli‐responsive strategies have also been investigated recently for experimental gene therapy.
Water Stable Haloplumbate Modulation for Efficient and Stable Hybrid Perovskite Photovoltaics
Authors: Wang Huanhuan , Zhang Zhuang , Milić Jovana V. , Tan Liguo , Wang Zaiwei , Chen Rong , Jing Xin , Yi Chenyi , Ding Yi , Li Yuelong , Zhao Ying , Zhang Xiaodan , Hagfeldt Anders , Grätzel Michael , Luo Jingshan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe commercialization of perovskite solar cells is mainly limited by their operational stability. Interlayer modification by thin interface materials between the perovskite and the charge transport layers is one of the most effective methods to promote the efficiency and stability of perovskite devices. However, the commonly used interlayer materials do not fulfill all the demands, including good film quality, excellent stability, and passivation capability without interfering with the charge transport. In this work, a water stable haloplumbate [TBA]PbI3 for interfacial modification that meets these demands is proposed, which is formed on the perovskite surface in situ by tetra‐butylammonium iodide treatment. Benefiting from its passivation effect and robustness, the modified devices result in a power conversion efficiency of 22.90% with enhanced environmental and operational stability. In addition, the self‐limiting effect of the reaction contributes to the controllability of device fabrication and the repeatability of device performance.
Acquiring real kinetics of reactions in the inhibitory atmosphere containing product gases using micro fluidized bed
Authors: Liu Xuejing , Hao Wenqian , Wang Kexin , Wang Yingche , An Ping , Zhang Hong , Yue Junrong , Bai Dingrong , Xu Guangwen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study proposed an isotope‐tagging method to investigate reactions under the atmosphere of product gas. To illustrate this method, the calcination kinetics of calcium carbonate Ca13CO3 in CO2 atmospheres were investigated by monitoring 13CO2 produced using a micro fluidized bed reaction analyzer (MFBRA). The results demonstrated that the presence of CO2 in reaction atmosphere increases the apparent activation energy. The increase in the apparent activation energy is, however, significantly overestimated by the thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) because of the excessive suppression by stagnated product gas inside the sample crucible. Comparatively, the apparent activation energy increases with CO2 from the MFBRA due primarily to the thermal equilibrium limitation, because the gas diffusion in the MFBRA is essentially eliminated. It is thus concluded that the MFBRA is quite capable of acquiring the real kinetics of reactions in such inhibitory atmospheres.
Optimal timing of tracheostomy in patients on veno‐venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for coronavirus 2019: a case series
Authors: Matsuyoshi Takeo , Shimizu Keiki , Kaneko Hitoshi , Kohsen Daiyu , Suzuki Hiroaki , Sato Yuichi , Hamaguchi Jun 
Published: May 2021

AimAn early tracheostomy is often considered for patients with veno‐venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV‐ECMO). However, there is no consensus on the timing of a tracheostomy in patients on VV‐ECMO for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). The present report described the optimal timing of tracheostomy for these patients.MethodThe present study was a single‐center case series. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of nine consecutive patients who underwent tracheostomy either during or after VV‐ECMO treatment in our center between January 1, 2020 and December 31, 2020.ResultsAll the patients received a percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy, which was performed during VV‐ECMO in four patients. Three of these patients experienced hemorrhagic complications, and the remaining patient required a circuit change on the day after the operation. Heparin was discontinued 8 h preoperatively and resumed 1–14 h later. The platelet count was below normal in two patients, but no transfusion was performed. APTT was almost normal, and D‐dimer was elevated postoperatively. The remaining five patients received a tracheostomy after weaning off VV‐ECMO, and no complication was observed. Eight patients were deeply sedated during VV‐ECMO to prioritize lung rest and prevent infecting the healthcare workers.ConclusionIn the present study, patients who underwent a tracheostomy during VV‐ECMO tended to have more hemorrhagic complications. Because an early tracheostomy during ECMO has little benefit for patients with COVID‐19, it should be performed after weaning off VV‐ECMO to protect the safety of the healthcare workers concerned.
Mutations in HID1 Cause Syndromic Infantile Encephalopathy and Hypopituitarism
Authors: Schänzer Anne , Achleitner Melanie T. , Trümbach Dietrich , Hubert Laurence , Munnich Arnold , Ahlemeyer Barbara , AlAbdulrahim Maha M. , Greif Philipp A. , Vosberg Sebastian , Hummer Blake , Feichtinger René G. , Mayr Johannes A. , Wortmann Saskia B. , Aichner Heidi , Rudnik‐Schöneborn Sabine , Ruiz Anna , Gabau Elisabeth , Sánchez Jacobo Pérez , Ellard Sian , Homfray Tessa , Stals Karen L. , Wurst Wolfgang , Neubauer Bernd A. , Acker Till , Bohlander Stefan K. , Asensio Cédric , Besmond Claude , Alkuraya Fowzan S. , AlSayed Moenaldeen D. , Hahn Andreas , Weber Axel 
Published: May 2021

ObjectivePrecursors of peptide hormones undergo posttranslational modifications within the trans‐Golgi network (TGN). Dysfunction of proteins involved at different steps of this process cause several complex syndromes affecting the central nervous system (CNS). We aimed to clarify the genetic cause in a group of patients characterized by hypopituitarism in combination with brain atrophy, thin corpus callosum, severe developmental delay, visual impairment, and epilepsy.MethodsWhole exome sequencing was performed in seven individuals of six unrelated families with these features. Postmortem histopathological and HID1 expression analysis of brain tissue and pituitary gland were conducted in one patient. Functional consequences of the homozygous HID1 variant p.R433W were investigated by Seahorse XF Assay in fibroblasts of two patients.ResultsBi‐allelic variants in the gene HID1 domain‐containing protein 1 (HID1) were identified in all patients. Postmortem examination confirmed cerebral atrophy with enlarged lateral ventricles. Markedly reduced expression of pituitary hormones was found in pituitary gland tissue. Colocalization of HID1 protein with the TGN was not altered in fibroblasts of patients compared to controls, while the extracellular acidification rate upon stimulation with potassium chloride was significantly reduced in patient fibroblasts compared to controls.InterpretationOur findings indicate that mutations in HID1 cause an early infantile encephalopathy with hypopituitarism as the leading presentation, and expand the list of syndromic CNS diseases caused by interference of TGN function. ANN NEUROL 2021;90:149–164
Thermal aging performance of glass fiber/polyphenylene sulfide composites in high temperature
Authors: Wang Wenchao , Wu Xiaoman , Ding Chao , Huang Xianbo , Ye Nanbiao , Yu Quan , Mai Kancheng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn order to use the glass fiber reinforced polyphenylene sulfide composites (GF/PPS) in high temperature environments, thermal aging performance of two kinds of commercial grade PPS composites, reinforced by 40% glass fiber, PPS‐G40 HM and 1140L4, in thermal aging temperature of 250°C was compared by tensile strength, oxidized layer, color, crystallization and melting behavior. The results showed that tensile strength of GF/PPS composites is significantly decreased with increasing of aging time below 200 h and the tensile strength of aged PPS‐G40 HM is higher than that of aged 1140L4. The thickness of dark color area is increased with increasing of aging time. The thickness of oxidized layer of 1140L4 is thinner than that of PPS‐G40 HM. However, the color of oxidized layer of PPS‐G40 HM is lighter than that of 1140L4. The recrystallization in thermal aging results in the formation of crystal with higher melting point and increased melting temperature of GF/PPS composites. It is found that addition of epoxy resin can increase the initial mechanical property and improve the thermal aging performance of GF/PPS composites. A novel modified GF/PPS composite with higher thermal aging properties was obtained.
Chemical oxidation of high‐density polyethylene: Surface energy, functionality, and adhesion to liquid epoxy
Authors: Azimi Mohammadyousef , Asselin Edouard 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe application of polyolefins has increased significantly over the past few decades. However, their chemical inertness and low surface energy limits their application in many industries where high adhesion to polar materials is required, such as for composites and protective coatings. Herein, six different acids are used to create polar functional groups on High‐Density Polyethylene's (HDPE) surface and to increase its adhesion to liquid epoxy (LE). Contact angle measurements, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), and pull‐off strength measurements are used to analyze the surface energy and functionality of HDPE and to measure its adhesion to LE. The results show that each acid increases both the polar and disperse surface energies of HDPE to a different extent, but that this is not necessarily a function of acid strength. Chlorosulfonic acid and chromic acid increase the oxygen to carbon ratio by a factor of 8 and increase HDPE's adhesion to LE by more than 400%. Furthermore, a comparison between predicted work of adhesion values from the OWRK model and experimental results shows that the latter are significantly higher than what is predicted, especially with increasing surface polarity.
Thermo‐responsive shape memory properties based on polylactic acid and styrene‐butadiene‐styrene block copolymer
Authors: Azizul Rahim Fathin Hani , Saleh Abdul Aziz , Shuib Raa Khimi , Ku Ishak Ku Marsilla , Abdul Hamid Zuratul Ain , Abdullah Muhammad Khalil , Shafiq Mohamad Danial , Rusli Arjulizan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study aims to compare thermal, mechanical, and shape memory behavior of polylactic acid (PLA) blended with different structures of styrene‐butadiene‐styrene block copolymer (SBS), namely linear SBS (L‐SBS), and radial SBS (R‐SBS). The amount of L‐SBS and R‐SBS added was varied between 10 and 70 wt%, and the blending process was carried out using an internal mixer at 180°C before the shaping process by the compression molding. An improvement in the degree of crystallinity was observed across the entire composition range with less pronounced transition temperature change. Tensile strength and modulus of PLA/L‐SBS blends were higher than PLA/R‐SBS blends across all composition ranges. The results also revealed that the shape fixing ratio (Rf) and recovery ratio (Rr) of PLA/L‐SBS were higher than PLA/R‐SBS, with PLA70/SBS30 showed the best shape memory behavior. The morphology characteristics of the blend were also examined with the scanning electron microscope.
Nuciferine from Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. attenuates isoproterenol‐induced myocardial infarction in Wistar rats
Authors: HarishKumar Rajendran , Selvaraj Chinnadurai Immanuel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe study explored the cardioprotective role of the methanolic leaf extract of Nelumbo nucifera and nuciferine against isoproterenol‐induced myocardial infarction (MI) in Wistar rats. Pretreatment with leaf extract and nuciferine (200 and 20 mg/kg body weight, respectively) against MI induced by isoproterenol (85 mg/kg body weight) significantly decreased heart weight; levels of cardiac markers such as lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase‐MB were similar to those in controls. The treatment significantly increased the content of endogenous antioxidants and decreased lipid peroxidation in all treated groups. Treated groups showed a significant reduction in heartbeats per minute as compared with the MI‐induced positive control. The MI‐induced group showed pathological implications such as tachycardia, left atrial enlargement, and anterolateral ST‐elevated MI, which were absent in treated groups. Histology confirmed that the leaf extract and nuciferine prevented structural abnormality and inflammation in heart and liver tissues of treated groups. On in silico analysis, nuciferine showed stronger binding interaction with both β1 and β2 adrenergic receptors than isoproterenol. Hence, the leaf extract of N. nucifera and nuciferine could be used as plant‐based cardioprotective agents.
Kombilösung Karlsruhe: ein zukunftsweisendes innerstädtisches Tunnelbauprojekt
Authors: Nenninger Frank , Schmidt Matthias 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIm Zuge des Ausbaus des schienengebundenen ÖPNV in der Stadt Karlsruhe wurden in den vergangenen Jahren mehrere Stadtteile und umliegende Gemeinden an das Stadtbahnnetz angeschlossen. Hierbei wurden umsteigefreie Verbindungen in die Innenstadt geschaffen. Dies führte zu einem starken kontinuierlichen Fahrgastzuwachs. In der Folge ist das Bestandsnetz im Innenstadtbereich und insbesondere in der Kaiserstraße an seine Kapazitätsgrenze angelangt. Zur Verbesserung der Verkehrsverhältnisse wie auch der Leistungsfähigkeit des schienengebundenen ÖPNV in der zentralen Innenstadt hatte die Stadt Karlsruhe folgende Maßnahmen zur Umsetzung vorgesehen, die unter dem Namen „Kombilösung“ zusammengefasst wurden: Das Projekt Kombilösung Karlsruhe besteht aus zwei Teilprojekten, dem Teilprojekt 1 mit dem maschinell herzustellenden Stadtbahntunnel unter der Haupteinkaufsmeile der Stadt Karlsruhe, mit einem bergmännischen Tunnel unter Druckluftbetrieb sowie Tunnelbaubereichen in offener Bauweise. Teilprojekt 2 beinhaltet die Neugestaltung des Straßenbahnboulevards in der Kriegsstraße mit einer oberirdischen Gleistrasse und einem darunterliegenden Straßentunnel. Die Kombilösung verfolgt mehrere Ziele: Verbesserung und Zukunftssicherung des ÖPNV, Schaffen einer „echten“ Fußgängerzone sowie eine erhebliche Aufwertung des Stadtbilds.