bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Letterer-Siwe's Disease (Acute Disseminated Histiocytosis X): A Case Complicated by Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation and Responding to Heparin Therapy
Authors: Mauger David C. 
Published: December 2021

Hemorrhagic skin lesions and thrombocytopenia are common manifestations of Letterer-Siwe disease.1-9 Both have been considered to be indicative of a grave prognosis.7,8
The case reported here satisfies the clinical criteria of Abt and Denenholz1 and the pathological criteria of Oberman.5 She presented with a hemorrhagic skin rash, thrombocytopenia, and a clotting profile indicative of intravascular coagulation. These abnormalities appeared to respond quickly to heparin and she is currently surviving some 8 months later, further improvement having been achieved by the administration of prednisone and cyclophosphamide.
Disseminated intravascular coagulation is now known to be a feature of many diseases, but it has not previously been described in this disorder and may well contribute to the poor prognosis which has been associated with the onset of hemorrhagic manifestations.
Psychosocial Problems in Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Cohen Philip A. 
Published: December 2021

I read with interest the report of Shwachman, et al. (46:335) in the September issue of Pediatrics.
Today most of our institutions are teaching the concept of treating the entire patient– especially those who are suffering from chronic diseases such as cystic fibrosis. This is evidenced by the establishment of comprehensive care clinics into our teaching programs. To my dismay, nowhere in their article did I find reference to the myriad of psychosocial problems which the CF patients and families experience.
Stool Pattern of the Newborn— Effect of Bilirubin?
Authors: Lawson Wilbur C. 
Published: December 2021

The traditional description of the stool pattern of the newborn during the first 2 weeks includes characteristics of looseness, frequency, and relation to feeding time. Some have termed this the period of transitional stools, and some have ascribed the condition to the bowel clearing of meconium and conditioning to the digestive process. This causation has always seemed of dubious nature to me.
Other elements of observation that enter into this bowel pattern might include: (1) A larger number of babies with physiological hyperbilirubinemia seem to be breast-fed babies.
ADRENAL GLAND STRUCTURE AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF HYALINE MEMBRANE DISEASE
Authors: Naeye Richard L. , Harcke Howard T. , Blanc William A. 
Published: December 2021

Adrenal cortical function may influence the development of hyaline membrane disease. Corticosteroid administration to animal fetuses reportedly accelerates some parameters of lung maturation. Analysis of 387 consecutive autopsies on human neonates demonstrated that adrenal glands were 19% lighter in infants with hyaline membrane disease than in those without the disorder owing to a greater number of adrenal cortical cells in the latter infants. A positive correlation was found between the presence of infection arising before birth and the absence of hyaline membrane disease, the infected infants having larger adrenal glands.
It was found that anencephalic neonates who had little or no adrenal fetal cortical zone and half sized adult zones had 45% the mass of osmiophilic granules in pulmonary type II alveolar cells as did nonanencephalic control infants. The osmiophilic granules are reportedly the anatomic representation of surfactant.
Jingoism in Medicine: Education in Foreign Medical Schools
Authors: Schauf Virginia 
Published: December 2021

As a pediatric resident in constant contact with many capable and dedicated foreign physicians, I was disturbed by the condescending tone of Dr. Wedgwood's article on "The Education of Foreign Medical School Graduates" (Pediatrics, 46:760).
Pediatrics is world-wide in distribution and read by many foreign house officers in the U.S.A. I think many fine physicians will be justly concerned at being labelled as "poorly trained physicians" who are "not desireable as house officers."
Foreign physicians provide essential medical care to the people of our country in their capacity as house officers, private practitioners, comprehensive clinic staff, and as teachers and researchers in medical schools.
Letters to the Editor
Authors: Neumann H. H. 
Published: December 2021

In cultural and anthropological matters, outsiders have some advantages; habits peculiar to one culture may appear as "just normal and natural" to one living close to it.
As an example, and without straying from the topic, the Otomi Indians in Mexico who have magnificent teeth, described their own diet as entirely soft. Yet observation showed that they chew toasted haba beans of a hardness that makes it almost impossible for others to chew them. They also crack open nuts-a staple-with their teeth.
RUNAWAY CHILDREN, OR DROMOMANIA—A 1913 VIEW
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

Young People's problems are not too different from one generation to the next. We hear a great deal today about young people who run away from home. But even in 1913, Dr. Leonard Guthrie, of London's Paddington Green Children's Hospital, considered the issue of runaway children important enough to warrant publication of the following in one of the best pediatric textbooks ever published in English.
Dromomania may be a high-sounding name for playing "truant" but different causes of vagrancy should be recognized. Imaginative and romantic children will sometimes roam in search of adventure. Some, like St. Theresa, seek martyrdom; and some, like Maggie Tulliver, run away to be gypsyqueens because they do not reign at home. Some not only wander abroad at every opportunity, but account for doing so by inventing stories of ill usage and privation, in which they may appear to believe. Others seem to obey a nomadic instinct to stay out and sleep out whenever they get the chance. . . .
The ordinary truant is easily detected as a rule by his general demeanor, and by the manner in which he has occupied his time of unenforced leisure. A short and sharp shrift awaits him in accordance with his deserts. But truancy is not abnormal, whereas there is a distinctly morbid or neurotic element in all the other forms of vagrancy or dromomania. It is only the highly neurotic and sensitive schoolboy who runs away to escape punishment or persecution. A single escapade may result from mere thoughtlessness or from habits of morbid introspection and selfish disregard for the feelings of others.
Catheterization of the Pulmonary Artery in Transposition of the Great Arteries: A New Technique
Authors: Pickering Douglas , McDonald P. , Kidd B. S. L. 
Published: December 2021

The publication of a paper describing a method for catheterisation of the pulmonary artery in transposition of the great arteries1 prompts the preliminary report of a technique which we have devised and used successfully in transposition of the great arteries with subpulmonic stenosis.
Following the study of the outflow tract of the left ventricle in transposition of the great arteries, a 0.045 I.D. Formocath B.D. catheter* was made out of Hanafee tubing with a curve as illustrated in Figure 1A. It is used as follows: a No. 6 Lehman catheter is passed to the left ventricle. A 220 cm guide wire is inserted through this with the nonflexible end foremost, into the apex of the left ventricle.
Report of a Case of Annular Pancreas of the Newborn in Two Consecutive Siblings
Authors: Montgomery R. C. , Poindexter M. H. , Hall G. H. , Leigh John E. 
Published: December 2021

Annular pancreas presenting as high intestinal obstruction in the newborn has been reported on numerous occasions.14 The purpose of this paper is to report the occurrence of annular pancreas causing duodenal obstruction in the newborn in two consecutive siblings.
Case Reports
Case 1, D.B., a male, was born August 31, 1966. The mother was gravida III, para II. Her expected date of confinement was September 12, 1966. The pregnancy had been uneventful except that she had minimal polyhydramnios. The mother had been on no medications during her pregnancy except a prenatal vitamin and iron. On August 31, 1966 the mother underwent an elective cesarean section because of previous cesarean sections which were performed for cephalo-pelvic disproportion.
STUDIES OF THE SUDDEN INFANT DEATH SYNDROME IN KING COUNTY, WASHINGTON
Authors: Ray C. George , Hebestreit Nancy M. 
Published: December 2021

A group of 119 unselected cases of the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) were studied for evidence of viremia. None of 20 cases studied by standard culture methods yielded virus in the blood, and only 4 of 119 had detectable levels of serum interferon.
Coupled with previous studies, the data further suggest that viral infection, if it participates in the ultimate mechanism in SIDS, does not act by means of overwhelming viremia but rather may act locally, possibly in the respiratory tract.
NOAH WEBSTER INFORMS SCHOOL CHILDREN ABOUT THE ACUTE AND CHRONIC DISEASES OF THE UNITED STATES
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

Noah Webster's (1758-1843) talents were eclectic. Not only was he a superb lexicographer, a prolific writer of schoolbooks, but also a surprisingly keen epidemiologist.
School children of the 1830's who read his History of the United States learned the following about acute and chronic diseases:
Diseases of the United States. The ordinary diseases of the United States are the same as those which invade mankind in all similar climates. The usual epidemics are hooping cough (sic), measles, influenza, scarlet fever, with some milder eruptive diseases. These diseases are periodical, though the periods are not exactly uniform. The autumnal diseases are chiefly dysentery and bilious fevers of all grades, from slight intermittents to the malignant fever, which is denominated pestilence. The dysentery appears, in scattered cases every year; but in some autumns becomes epidemic with great mortality. It however never invades large cities with such general mortality, as it does particular parts of the country. The malignant bilious fever occurs occasionally, but chiefly in large towns on the sea coast, or on rivers, or near lakes and stagnant water.
Chronic Diseases. In the northern region of the United States, and especially on the sea shore, the consumption is the most general and fatal chronic complaint; carrying off in some places, a fifth of the inhabitants. In the middle region it is prevalent, but in a less degree; and in the southern, is still less destructive. Rheumatic complaints, gout, and hypochondriac affections are common. In the country west of the mountains, between the Ohio and the lakes, the goiter, or swelling upon the throat, is very prevalent among the whites, but not among the natives.1
AN EXPLANATION FOR THE VIVACITY AND TALENT OF IRISH YOUTH, ACCORDING TO SIR JOHN SINCLAIR
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

Scotsmen, such as the scholarly Sir John Sinclair (1754-1835), have long sought an explanation for the vivacity and talent of Irish youth. As Sinclair mentions below, Irish peasant youths "displayed a degree of shrewdness exceeding what is generally met with from youth of a more exalted walk of life in England."
Sinclair, a barrister (Lincoln's Inn), President of the Board of Agriculture of Scotland, and an avid observer of children's growth and development, thought that the vegetable diet of the poor children in Ireland played an important part in making Irish youth (and adults, too) so lively and intelligent. He wrote:
There cannot be a doubt that the diet of the Irish is highly favorable to vivacity and talent. It is stated in the Code of Health that vegetable food has a happy influence on the mind, and tends to preserve a delicacy of feeling, a liveliness of imagination, and an acuteness of judgment, seldom enjoyed by those who live principally upon animal food. The latter is better calculated for those who labor with the body; but the celebrated Franklin ascertained that a vegetable diet promoted clearness of ideas and quickness of thought, and that a transition from vegetable to animal food produces injurious effects. A friend states that he has more than once selected from his tenant's children a boy remarkable for that smartness of intelligence so common in the Irish youth, while in the capacity of errand boys on the farm, or helpers in the stables, and before they became pampered with better food than their parent's cabin afforded. The lads were at first lively and intelligent, and displayed a degree of shrewdness exceeding what is generally met with from youth of a more exalted walk of life in England. But he invariably found that in proportion as these boys were better fed, they relaxed in activity, became dull and stupid; and he is confident that the change in disposition sprang from the effect of change in diet, and was not owing to corruption of mind from their intercourse with the other servants. In fact they lose all that vivacity of manner so inherent in the Irish boys, whether born in the vast bog of Allan, or in the dry and rocky counties of Mayo and Galway. He is therefore inclined to think that the character of the people does not depend so much upon climate or soil, as upon food, for no part of the globe can differ more than these parts of that kingdom.1
Corticosteroids in Croup: Is There a Reply from the Ivory Tower?
Authors: Coffin Lewis A. 
Published: December 2021

In reply to the letter1 concerning the use of corticosteroids in croup, I would like to state unequivocably that I am strongly in favor of their use and feel certain that they contribute a great deal to the reduction of morbidity and the necessity for tracheostomy or endotracheal intubation in laryngo-tracheal bronchitis.
I have been using corticosteroids in this problem for the past 10 years. I practiced for almost 6 years with two other pediatricians who use corticosteroids with croup.
PHENOBARBITONE ENHANCEMENT OF BROMSULPHALEIN CLEARANCE IN NEONATAL HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA
Authors: Yeung C. Y. , Yu Victor Y. H. 
Published: December 2021

Forty jaundiced Chinese newborn infants were randomly assigned to treatment and control groups. Twenty infants in the former group were given phenobarbitone 5 mg 8-hourly; those in the control group received no drug. BSP tests were performed in all infants on admission and repeated 24 hours afterwards. The percentage disappearance of the dye at designated intervals up to 135 minutes of each test before and after drug therapy was compared with that of the controls. Rate constants for the hepatic uptake phase (K1) and the biliary excretory phase (K2) in BSP removal were calculated from the plasma dye disappearance graph.
Following phenobarbitone therapy, a significant increase in BSP clearance was observed, with increases in K1 and K2 values, suggesting the corresponding enhanced hepatic uptake and excretion of the dye.
These results are consistent with the hypothesis that several mechanisms together are responsible for the phenobarbitone effect on the impaired liver function of newborn infants. It is suggested that the observed reduction of serum bilirubin levels with phenobarbitone therapy results both from enhanced uptake and from increased excretion of bilirubin by the liver.
WHAT PARENTS IN 1857 READ ABOUT CHILDREN'S SLEEP
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

"To sleep like a child" implies that tranquil unbroken sleep which parents almost always expect from their children. But sleep disorders are so common in children that almost everyone who has written about their health from Hippocrates to Spock has included a discussion of sleep in their writings.
Attitudes toward sleep, like everything else, change with time. Perhaps no period was more dogmatic about a child's sleep than the mid 1850's in this country. The article below is a good example of what parents of that period read in a popular health journal:
Many a bright and beautiful child is destroyed or made idiotic for life by their nurses, in one of two ways.
By the administration of laudanum, paregoric, opium, or other form of anodyne.
By teaching self-abuse, in order that the exhaustion it produces should promote sleep.
Medical books abound in cases of this lamentable character. How to guard against them with most efficacy, is worthy of inquiry.
All children, under five years of age, will be made the better, healthier, happier, and more good natured, by an undisturbed sleep on one or two hours in the forenoon.
Children, under eighteen months, may require two day naps in summer time.
If a child is regularly put to sleep at the same time, for only three or four days in succession, the habit will so rapidly grow upon it, that with the aid of quiet, and a little darkening of the room, it will, if well, fall to sleep within a few minutes of the time, for weeks and months in succession–such is Nature's love for system and regularity.
MEASUREMENT OF BLOOD PRESSURE IN INFANTS AND CHILDREN BY THE DOPPLER ULTRASONIC TECHNIQUE
Authors: Hernandez Antonio , Goldring David , Hartmann Alexis F. , Crawford Charles , Reed Gerald N. 
Published: December 2021

Simultaneous determination of arterial pressures by the Doppler ultrasonic technique and intra-arterial measurements were done on 13 children during cardiac catheterization at the St. Louis Children's Hospital. Their ages ranged from 4 weeks to 14 years. Sixty-nine paired determinations were obtained. There was good correlation between the two methods for systolic pressures ranging from 70 to 150 mm Hg (correlation coefficient 0.945) as well as for the diastolic pressures which ranged from 36 to 73 mm Hg (correlation coefficient 0.754).
The instrumentation is not elaborate; the method is simple and can be used by a physician, nurse, or nurse's aide for routine blood pressure determination in infants and children.
DID HENOCH DESCRIBE KOPLIK'S SPOTS BEFORE KOPLIK?
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

Koplik (1858-1927) is usually given credit for being the first (1896) to note and report the labial and buccal mucosal spots which are an important early sign of measles.1
But Henoch (1820-1910), a pioneer in German pediatrics, and for many years the Director of the Department of Children's Diseases in the Royal Charité Hospital, Berlin, also described the clinical findings in the mouth during the prodromal stage of measles as follows:
In most cases, after the second day, you observe a rash on the hard and soft palate, especially in children who are strong and plethoric. The rash is either diffuse, with dark spots over it; or less commonly, the mucous membrane as a whole is still pale and presents more or less punctiform and stellate red patches. The former of these almost always precedes the eruption of measles.2
I found this observation in the fourth edition of Henoch's splendid textbook, published in 1889; quite likely the same description would also be found in the first edition, published in 1881.
Koplik's description of: "Small irregular spots of bright red color, in the center of each red spot is seen a minute bluish-white speck . . . on the buccal and labial mucous membrane . . ." is more vivid than Henoch's.
But didn't Henoch describe the prodromal enanthem of measles before Koplik?
MRS. SARAH GAMP ON MATERNAL IMPRESSIONS AND BIRTHMARKS
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

Even today one still meets women who believe that congellital malformations, moles, and skin blemishes can be caused by maternal over- excitement or frights during pregnancy. That Charles Dickens was aware of this absurd belief is evident from the comments below of Sarah Gamp, the untidy and disruptable old nurse in his novel Martin Chuzzlewit, published in 1843-1844.
"I knows a lady, which her name, I'll not deceive you, Mrs. Chuzzlewit is ‘arris, her husband's brother bein’ six foot three, and marked with a mad bull in Wellington boots upon his left arm, on account of his precious mother havin' been worrited by one into a shoemaker's shop, when in a situation which blessed is the man as has his quiver full of sech...."1
"Acne Vaccinatum"—A Complication of Smallpox Vaccination
Authors: Schmitt Barton S. , Marks Melvin I. 
Published: December 2021

Although most textbook and committee recommendations on immunizations mention eczema and other more acute dermatitides as contra-indications to vaccination, no specific reference could be found regarding the significance of acne vulgaris.1,2 We have recently observed a serious complication of primary smallpox vaccination in a patient with acne vulgaris.
Case Report
Ten days after receiving a primary smallpox vaccination, a 16-year-old male was seen for a 2 x 2 x 2 cm tender node in his left axilla. He was afebrile and had a primary pustular vaccination reaction of the skin over the left deltoid muscle as well as left axillary lymphadenopathy.
Cardiac Tamponade Resulting from a Swallowed Safety Pin
Authors: Norman M. G. , Cass Elie 
Published: December 2021

Cardiac tamponade occurring after swallowing a safety pin is a rare complication of foreign body in the esophagus. This case is reported to warn pediatricians of this danger.
A 1-year-old child was found apparently lifeless in her crib at home. She was rushed to hospital where she was pronounced dead on arrival in the Emergency Department. The coroner ordered an autopsy.
Significant findings were confined to the esophagus, heart, and pericardium. A 1'' long safety pin was found 2 cm proximal to the esophageo-gastric junction. The pin was open, with the sharp point and keeper pointing cephalad. The point had punctured the esophagus and adjacent pericardium.
Mortality Reporting for Childhood Leukemia
Authors: George Stephen L. 
Published: December 2021

The continuing discussion on the current prognosis for children with acute leukemia1-6 has raised at least two general points concerning the analysis and reporting of survival data. Because these points are of fundamental importance to the discussion, they require further clarification.
The first point concerns the common practice of overtly or covertly excluding a particular type of patient from the analysis.4 Patients excluded typically have unfavorable prognoses so that results extrapolated to the general population of patients often seem overly optimistic.
YOUTH, PERMISSIVENESS, AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Philips Irving 
Published: December 2021

As unrest grows in our social scene, as institutions undergo change, as innovations revolutionize everyday living, there is among many a longing to return to affirmations of older and simpler virtues. Their discontent often is expressed in a condemnation of youthful rebellion and, by extension, of youth and child care practices. It tends to focus upon "permissiveness" as the main cause of youthful lawlessness and laxity of behavior.
In American society the elaboration of methods of child rearing to bewildered parents by specialists in behavior, medical and nonmedical, is not new. nonmedical, is not new. In the early twenties character formation, according to the behavioristic psychology of Watson, was thought to be best achieved by a firm and rigid schedule, early developed, rigorously obeyed, and meticulously followed.
The Adoption of Black Children
Authors: Shearer William T. , Shearer Mary I. 
Published: December 2021

The American Academy of Pediatrics is to be commended for issuing a statement on the need for adoptive homes for black children (Pediatrics, 48:325, 1971). Although tardy, the Academy's Committee on Adoptions and Dependent Care addressed itself to a pressing problem of child care and welfare.
It is indeed unfortunate that the statement is incomplete and misleading. It suffers from a lack of information. In some instances, the lack of information is not the fault of the Committee but should certainly be a concern of the Committee.