bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effectiveness of nutrition interventions in improving frailty and its associated constructs related to malnutrition and functional decline among community‐dwelling older adults: A systematic review
Authors: Khor Phay Yean , Vearing Rebecca M. , Charlton Karen E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of nutrition interventions on frailty and factors related to frailty, including malnutrition, sarcopenia and functional ability, among community dwelling older adults. A secondary aim was to synthesise current clinical guidelines for the identification and management of frailty, and then identify whether they aligned with the findings of the literature review.MethodsA systematic literature review was undertaken using four electronic databases to identify randomised controlled clinical trials that assessed the effect of nutrition interventions on frailty and outcomes related to frailty in community‐dwelling older adults (PROSPERO #CRD42017069094). The quality of the included studies was appraised. A rapid review was conducted using the Google Scholar database to identify existing clinical recommendations relating to the second aim.ResultsThe search strategy identified 13 studies. Multifactorial interventions with nutritional education and protein‐energy supplementation improved frailty stratus and physical performance in 75% and 58% of studies, respectively. Weight and nutritional status improved in 80% of studies that used oral nutritional support. The recommended process for clinical management of frailty involves screening, followed by full assessment using validated instruments and the development of a comprehensive management plan with a multidisciplinary team.ConclusionsMultifactorial interventions were found to be more effective than nutrition intervention alone for improving frailty and physical performance. Protein‐energy supplementation tended to be effective only in malnourished older adults. The results were inconclusive for the use of micronutrient supplementation for frailty and outcomes related to frailty. Existing clinical guidelines are aligned with the evidence recommending comprehensive interventions to improve frailty.
Amalgamation of the Ryoke and Sanbagawa metamorphic belts at the subduction interface: New insights from the Kashio mylonite along the Median Tectonic Line, Nagano, Japan
Authors: Nakamura Yoshihiro , Miyazaki Kazuhiro , Takahashi Yutaka , Iwano Hideki , Danhara Tohru , Hirata Takafumi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe present a detailed petrological, structural and geochronological study of the mylonitic Ryoke metamorphic rocks within the granitic mylonite (Kashio mylonite) and Sanbagawa metamorphic rocks along the Median Tectonic Line (MTL), Japan. Located in the Oshika area of the Chubu District, the Kashio mylonite is one of the few geologic units that can be used to determine detailed pressure–temperature–time–deformation (P–T–t–D) paths during mylonitization because it occurs as many small tectonic blocks of mylonitic metasediment. Detailed petrological analysis coupled with conventional thermobarometry and P–T pseudosection modelling give estimated peak P–T conditions (M1a) of 650–790°C at 4.6–5.6 kbar for the Ryoke metamorphic rocks. The gneissose Ryoke granitoids were emplaced subhorizontally at around 685–710°C and 4.6–5.8 kbar, after peak metamorphism. The Kashio shear zone developed immediately after the last igneous activity at ca. 71 Ma, and two stages of mylonitization (stages D1 and D2) can be identified from microstructural observations. The retrograde P–T conditions (M1b) recorded in the Kashio mylonite exhibit a systematic change in temperature from 710°C to 450°C at 5.2–2.6 kbar with decreasing distance from the MTL. By contrast, highly deformed mylonites with zoned garnets demonstrate a striking increase in pressure from 4.0 to 8.3 kbar with decreasing temperature from 590°C to 450°C after low‐P/T‐type metamorphism. Such a temperature range indicating isothermal compression is consistent with deformation temperatures of stage D1 determined from quartz microstructures and quartz c‐axis fabric opening‐angle deformation thermometer. Moreover, the timing of the two mylonitization episodes during retrograde metamorphism are estimated to be 69–67 and 66–64 Ma, respectively, with a high cooling rate of ~34°C/Ma using the revised time–temperature relationship of the host Ryoke granitoids. The rapid change in tectonic setting with strain localization occurred during the brief period between 69 and 64 Ma. Our field and petrological observations imply that a thick D1 mylonite zone was formed by rapid subsidence (≥10 km) with cooling of the hangingwall rocks from the middle crust to the subduction interface. It is considered that the underplating of exhumed high‐P/T‐type metamorphic rocks led to further cooling between hangingwall and footwall rocks and the formation of a narrow D2 mylonite zone, which served as an old plate boundary. Thus, low and high‐P/T‐type metamorphic belts had already been amalgamated as paired metamorphic belts beneath the brittle–ductile transition of the subduction zone before exhumation. The rapid cooling of hangingwall rocks at the subduction interface is proposed to play an essential role in the thermal overprinting of exhumed high‐P/T‐type metamorphic rocks.
Reproductive prognosis of patients with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: Retrospective review of 16 cases with amenorrhea
Authors: Oride Aki , Kanasaki Haruhiko , Okada Hiroe , Kyo Satoru 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the general characteristics, menstruation status, and fertility outcomes of patients with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH).MethodsWe evaluated 16 patients with HH who visited our institution between April 2012 and March 2016 with a complaint of amenorrhea.ResultsFour (25%) patients had primary amenorrhea and the remaining 12 (75%) cases had secondary amenorrhea. Among the patients with primary amenorrhea, weight loss was considered to be the underlying cause in one (25%) patient, whereas the remaining three (75%) cases were idiopathic HH. Among HH cases with secondary amenorrhea, six (50%) developed amenorrhea following weight loss, whereas the remaining six cases were of unknown etiology. Among the 16 patients with HH, we observed the sporadic restart of the menstrual cycle in four (25%) women during follow‐up. Infertility treatment was administered to nine patients with HH who wished to become pregnant. Clomiphene citrate was effective in four patients with secondary amenorrhea and induced follicular development. Seven of nine patients with HH (77.8%) became pregnant following infertility treatment. In some cases of HH, the serum levels of gonadotropin increased sporadically during follow‐up, regardless of the recovery of menstruation. We followed one patient with HH for more than 20 years. Although her gonadotropin levels were generally low and sometimes fluctuated without spontaneous menstruation, they increased dramatically to menopausal levels at 50 years of age. However, they again decreased to hypogonadotropic levels.ConclusionAs the pathophysiology varied widely among patients, the etiologic factors underlying HH might also vary.
The influence process of sarcopenia on female cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Yu‐Xuan , Xia Wen‐Wen , Liu Wen‐Ya 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundSarcopenia is one of the early pathological manifestations of cancer cachexia. This change in quality and function has a general and special impact on the prognosis of many types of tumors. However, there are few studies to evaluate the overall impact of sarcopenia on the prognosis of gynecological tumors in sufficient follow‐up period.MethodsThis study systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, web of science, and MEDLINE databases for related studies and related references since April 15, 2021. The 1‐year, 5‐year overall survival (OS), progression‐free survival (PFS), hazard ratio (HR), and 95% confidence interval (CI) were analyzed by Stata 14.0.(CRD 42021236036).ResultsA total of 23 observational studies involving 3495 female patients were included in the analysis, with an average prevalence of 46.9% (38.5%–55.3%). Meta‐analysis showed that the 1‐year OS (RR: 1.60, 95% CI = [1.04, 2.46]) of patients with sarcopenia was significantly lower than that of patients without sarcopenia, and then this effect gradually decreased. The results showed that sarcopenia was an independent predictor of OS (HR: 1.78, 95% CI = [1.38, 2.30]) and PFS (HR: 1.32, 95% CI = [1.02, 1.70]) in gynecological cancer patients. Subgroup analysis showed that sarcopenia was significant in Asian population (HR: 1.93, 95% CI = [1.18, 3.17]) and cervical cancer patients (HR: 5.07, 95% CI = [2.82, 9.56]).ConclusionThe survival and recurrence outcome of patients with sarcopenia independently related to surgery, and its impact is very obvious in the short term. In addition, Asian participants with sarcopenia face a greater risk of death than Western participants.
An emerging method in evaluation of reduced fetal movements using cerebroplacental ratio: A prospective case–control study
Authors: Inukollu Pranadeep Reddy , Sulthana Samiya , Solipuram Divya , Kunamneni Srividya , Kothagadi Aravind Reddy 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimNearly half of the patients with stillbirths experience reduced fetal movements (RFM) in the preceding week. The standardized evaluation will help reduce stillbirths. Placental dysfunction is the underlying pathophysiology for RFM and low cerebroplacental ratio (CPR). We attempted to determine the application of CPR in evaluation of RFM.MethodsA prospective case–control study with 100 patients each of cases and controls were studied at a tertiary care hospital. Middle cerebral artery pulsatility index (MCA‐PI), umbilical artery PI (UA‐PI), and CPR were calculated as multiples of median (MoM) in patients presenting with RFM after 30 weeks and their matched controls and followed up. CPR values of various gestation ranges and single versus multiple episodes of RFM were analyzed.ResultsCompared to controls, women with RFM showed a significantly low MCA PI MoM (0.94 vs 1.4; p = 0.00008) and low CPR MoM (1.48 vs 1.6; p = 0.015). Women with multiple RFM episodes had lower CPR MoM (1.2 vs 1.5; p < 0.00001) compared to single episode RFM. Multiple RFM episode patients had low MCA PI MoM (1.3 vs 1.4; p = 0.0038) and low CPR MoM (1.2 vs 1.6; p < 0.00001) compared to controls. There was a significantly low CPR in 32–34 weeks (1.35 vs 1.81; p = 0.004) and 36–38 weeks subgroups (1.39 vs 1.58; p = 0.002). No significant difference in birthweight centiles or AGA versus SGA categories between cases and controls was noted questioning current guidelines where ultrasound evaluation is done for RFM patients with FGR.ConclusionIncorporation of routine CPR measurements can standardize evaluation of RFM patients, especially those with AGA to pick up patients at risk of poor outcome and bring down stillbirth rates.
Longitudinal Study of Dental Implants in HIV−Positive Patients
Authors: Neumeier Toni Tien , Reddy Michael , Geurs Nicolaas , Hill Jeff , Neumeier Harold 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurposeThis study compared the clinical outcome of dental implants and their implant‐supported restorations over a 3‐year period involving patients both positive and negative for the human immunodeficiency virus.Materials and MethodsTwenty patients testing positive for the human immunodeficiency virus were recruited for this study. Twenty‐one negative control patients were also selected, for a total of forty one patients. Diagnostic impressions were collected and cone beam computed tomography images were obtained. Implant size and positioning were planned using cone beam computed tomography software. Two stage or single surgery was performed as determined by the surgeon (periodontist). After a 6‐month healing period, definitive impressions were fabricated using polyvinyl siloxane impression material. Implant stability quotient values were obtained at the time of surgery and placement of the restoration. Screw‐retained custom titanium abutments were designed, milled, and placed with 25 N·cm torque using a calibrated torque controller. Porcelain fused‐to‐metal complete coverage restorations were then cemented with elastomeric resin implant cement. Implants and restorations were assessed at 6‐month intervals over a period of 3 years for stability, peri‐implant health, and patient satisfaction.ResultsOver the 3‐year period, 25 of 42 implants placed in the negative control group were assessed, and 17 of 27 implants placed in the positive control group were evaluated. The overall patient retention rate was 77%. At the 3‐year follow up, restorations examined were fully functional and causing no pain. Overall implant retention within the positive group was 96%. Implant retention within the negative control group was 100%. No differences were noted between groups for bone loss based on statistical tests.ConclusionWithin the limitations of this clinical investigation, the presence of human immunodeficiency virus per se was not a contraindication to dental treatment with implant‐supported restorations.
Which Children Use School‐Based Health Services as a Primary Source of Care?*
Authors: Habiyaremye Marie A. , Clary Kathryn , Morris Hannah , Tumin Dmitry , Crotty Jennifer 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDSchool‐based health centers (SBHCs) offer primary and preventive health care for children and adolescents. Using nationally representative data, we aimed to examine which child and family characteristics are associated with using school‐based health care providers as the primary source of health care, and whether care received from these providers met the criteria for a medical home.METHODSUsing data from the 2016‐2018 National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH), we analyzed children's usual source of care (school‐based provider, doctor's office or clinic, other location, or none), and whether they received care meeting medical home criteria.RESULTSBased on a sample of 64,710 children, 0.5% identified school‐based providers as their primary source of health care. Children who were older, uninsured, or living in the Northeast were significantly more likely to report school‐based providers as their usual source of care. Children whose usual source of care was a school‐based provider were less likely to receive care meeting medical home criteria than children who usually received care at a doctor's office.CONCLUSIONSWhile SBHCs improve access to care, our findings indicate potential challenges with establishing a medical home for children who usually receive health care from a school‐based provider.
Effects of zearalenone on liver development, antioxidant capacity and inflammatory factors of prepubertal gilts
Authors: Wu Fengyang , Cui Jia , Yang Xinyu , Chen Baojiang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractZearalenone (ZEA) is a kind of mycotoxin that pose great threat to the liver of human and livestock due to its toxicity to eukaryotic cells, however, its toxicity mechanism on prepubertal gilts liver development and function is not known. The study aimed to examine the effects of ZEA on liver development, antioxidant capacity and inflammatory factors of prepubertal gilts. Forty‐eight prepubertal gilts (Landrace ×Yorkshire) were randomly divided into four groups: three treatment (T1, T2 and T3) groups and a control group. Prepubertal gilts in the control group were fed with basal diet, and those in T1, T2 and T3 groups were fed with basal diets supplemented with low, medium and high doses (200 μg/kg, 800 μg/kg and 1,600 μg/kg, respectively) of ZEA during the experiment period. The results showed that diets supplemented with ZEA significantly increased the activity of alanine aminotransferase of serum in the T3 group (p < 0.05). Besides, compared to the control group, the activities of total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, the content of tumour necrosis factor‐alpha of liver in the T3 group and the relative expression level of manganese‐superoxide dismutase mRNA of liver in the T2 group were significantly reduced (p < 0.05). We also performed correlation analysis among caecal microorganisms and antioxidant enzyme activities and inflammatory factor concentrations of liver. In conclusion, diets supplemented with ZEA has no obvious effect on liver development, but it can cause liver damage.
Differences in proteomic profiles between yak and three cattle strains provide insights into molecular mechanisms underlying high‐altitude adaptation
Authors: Xin Jin‐Wei , Chai Zhi‐Xin , Zhang Cheng‐Fu , Zhang Qiang , Zhu Yong , Cao Han‐Wen , YangJi Cidan , Chen Xiao‐Ying , Jiang Hui , Zhong Jin‐Cheng , Ji Qiu‐Mei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractYaks display unique properties of the lung and heart, enabling their adaptation to high‐altitude environments, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are still largely unknown. In the present study, the proteome differences in lung and heart tissues were compared between yak (Bos grunniens) and three cattle strains (Bos taurus, Holstein, Sanjiang and Tibetan cattle) using the sequential window acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra/data‐independent acquisition (SWATH/DIA) proteomic method. In total, 51,755 peptides and 7215 proteins were identified. In the lung tissue, there were 162, 310 and 118 differential abundance proteins (DAPs) in Tibetan, Holstein and Sanjiang cattle compared to yak respectively. In the heart tissue, there were 71, 57 and 78 DAPs in Tibetan, Holstein and Sanjiang cattle compared to yak respectively. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis revealed that the DAPs were enriched for the retinol metabolism and toll‐like receptor categories in lung tissue. The changes in these two pathways may regulate hypoxia‐induced factor and immune function in yaks. Moreover, DAPs in heart tissues were enriched for cardiac muscle contraction, Huntington's disease, chemical carcinogenesis and drug metabolism‐cytochrome P450. Further exploration indicated that yaks may alter cardiac function through regulation of type 2 ryanodine receptor (RyR2) and Ca2+‐release channels. The present results are useful to further develop an understanding of the mechanisms underlying adaptation of animals to high‐altitude conditions.
Randomized Community Trial Comparing Telephone versus Clinic‐Based Behavioral Health Counseling for People Living with HIV in a Rural Setting
Authors: Kalichman Seth C. , Katner Harold , Eaton Lisa A. , Hill Marnie , Ewing Wendy , Kalichman Moira O. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurposeTo test the efficacy of a theory‐based behavioral intervention delivered via telephone versus clinic‐based counseling to improve HIV outcomes and reduce alcohol consumption for people at‐risk for treatment failure in a rural setting.MethodsPatients receiving HIV care (N = 240) were randomized using a computer‐generated scheme to one of three conditions: (a) telephone behavioral health counseling, (b) clinic‐based behavioral health counseling, or (c) attention control nutrition education. Behavioral counseling was delivered by either a community nurse or a paraprofessional patient navigator, with differences examined. Participants were followed for 12 months to assess medication adherence using unannounced pill counts and alcohol use measured by electronic daily text message assessments, and 18 months for HIV viral load and retention in care extracted from medical records.FindingsThere was evidence for telephone and office‐based counseling demonstrating greater medication adherence than the control condition but only in the short term. Clinic‐based behavioral counseling significantly reduced alcohol use to a greater degree than telephone counseling and the control condition. There were no other differences between conditions. There were also no discernable differences between counseling delivered by the community nurse and the patient navigator.ConclusionsTelephone and clinic‐based counseling demonstrated improved medication adherence in the short term, while clinic‐based counseling demonstrated reductions in alcohol use. The modest outcomes suggest that intensive intervention strategies are needed for patients that clinicians identify as at‐risk for treatment discontinuation and treatment failure.
Kinetics of quantitative hepatitis B surface antigen in patients with rheumatic disease and chronic hepatitis B receiving biologic agents
Authors: Koutsianas Christos , Hadziyannis Emilia , Thomas Konstantinos , Deutsch Melanie , Vassilopoulos Dimitrios 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe effect of biologic treatment on quantitative Hepatitis B surface Antigen (qHBsAg) levels and HBsAg clearance in rheumatic patients with chronic HBV infection has not been well studied. We prospectively followed rheumatic patients with HBeAg‐negative chronic HBV infection (n = 28) treated with biologics and oral antivirals, categorized into patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB, group A n = 13) and chronic HBV infection (group B n = 15) and matched them to appropriate non‐rheumatic controls. qHBsAg kinetics were serially measured and compared between groups. No HBV reactivation (HBVr) was recorded during the 108.25 patient‐year follow‐up. Among patients with CHB, the annual rapid qHBsAg decline (i.e. decline >0.5 log10 IU/mL/year) as well as HBsAg clearance did not differ between rheumatic patients [n = 4 (32.7%), n = 1 (7.7%)] and controls [n = 6 (28.4%), p = .726 and n = 2 (7.7%), p = .818, respectively]. In contrast, there was a slower annual qHBsAg decline in rheumatic patients with chronic HBV compared to non‐rheumatic controls (−0.04 vs −0.13 log10 IU/mL at year 1, p = .019) with no cases of rapid qHBsAg decline or HBsAg clearance in rheumatic patients (0%) compared to a cumulative incidence of 24% and a rate of 20%, respectively in controls. In biologic‐treated rheumatic patients with HBeAg‐negative HBV receiving antiviral prophylaxis, there was slower qHBsAg decline, lower cumulative rates of rapid qHBsAg decline and HBsAg clearance compared to non‐rheumatic controls.