bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Initial Experience With an Eight-Month Sustained-Release Intravitreal Ganciclovir Implant for the Treatment of CMV Retinitis Associated With AIDS
Authors: Duker Jay S , Robinson Michael , Anand Rajiv , Ashton Paul 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: An intravitreal device administering ganciclovir in a sustained-release fashion has been developed for site-specific therapy of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis. The initially tested devices released ganciclovir at a rate of approximately 2 µg/hour Mark I device), yielding an estimated in vivo therapeutic life span of 4 months. This report describes the initial clinical results of a longer-lasting device that releases ganciclovir at a rate of 1 µg/hour (Mark II device), designed to be effective for up to 8 months.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Over a 15-month time period, a total of 39 Mark II intravitreal ganciclovir devices were placed in 35 eyes of 29 patients with a diagnosis of CMV retinitis. At the time of implantation, none of the patients were on systemic anti-CMV therapy.
* RESULTS: Of the first 29 eyes of the 29 enrolled patients implanted with their initial Mark II device, 28 (97%) had no progression of retinitis at the 4-week postoperative examination. Survival analysis of these initial 29 implants revealed the median time to disease progression was 29.3 weeks (205 days). Serious ocular complications included one case of acute bacterial endophthalmitis (2.9% of eyes or 2.5% of implantations), and four cases of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (four of 35 or 11.4% of eyes). Of the 10 patients with initially unilateral retinitis, four (40%) eventually developed contralateral disease. Five clinically suspected cases of extraocular, systemic CMV disease occurred during the study (17.2 % of patients), necessitating reinstitution of systemic therapy.
* CONCLUSION: This small, uncontrolled pilot study indicates that the Mark II (1 mg/hour) sustained-release intravitreal ganciclovir device is effective for local control of CMV retinitis.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1995;26:442-448.]
Diagnosis of Traumatic Cyclodialysis by Ultrasound Biomicroscopy
Authors: Gentile Ronald C , Pavlin Charles J , Liebmann Jeffrey M , Easterbrook Michael , Tello Celso , Foster F Stuart , Ritch Robert 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the ability of high-frequency ultrasound biomicroscopy to diagnose traumatic cyclodialyses not evident on clinical examination.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Six eyes of six patients with posttraumatic hypotony and/or shallow anterior chamber and suspected cyclodialysis clefts were examined with slit-lamp biomicroscopy, gonioscopy, B-scan ultrasonography, and ultrasound biomicroscopy. Ultrasound biomicroscopy provided high resolution of cross-sectional images of the anterior chamber angle, posterior chamber, and anterior uveal tissue.
* RESULTS: Ultrasound biomicroscopy confirmed the disinsertion of the ciliary body from the scleral spur and associated ciliary body detachment in all eyes. Gonioscopy failed to demonstrate a cyclodialysis cleft in five eyes because of hyphema (two eyes) and abnormal iris architecture (related to trauma) precluding visualization of the angle recess (three eyes). Using information from ultrasound biomicroscopy imaging, one patient underwent a ciliary body reattachment procedure and repair of the cyclodialysis cleft.
* CONCLUSION: Ultrasound biomicroscopy is a noninvasive method that can accurately diagnose the presence of traumatic cyclodialyses and can aid in surgical management. It is particularly useful in the presence of hazy media, hypotony, and/or abnormal anterior segment anatomy.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1996;27:97-105.]
Effect of Surgical Technique on the Increase in Intraocular Pressure After Cataract Extraction
Authors: Lagrèze Wolf-Dietrich A , Bömer Thomas F , Funk Jens 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: A prospective study was performed to determine the influence of surgical technique on the increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) after cataract surgery.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Three groups of 30 patients each underwent either extracapsular cataract extraction with scterocorneal suture (ECCE), phacoemulsification with sclerocorneal suture (PS), or phacoemulsification with a sutureless scleral tunnel (PT).
* RESULTS: Each group experienced a significant increase in IOP 5 to 7 hours after surgery: 20.2 ± 7.9 mm Hg for ECCE, 11.2 ± 8.3 mm Hg for PS, and 4.7 ± 8.7 mm Hg for PT. The differences in the increases among the three groups were significant.
* CONCLUSION: PS produces the lowest postoperative increase in IOP and should be considered for patients with glaucomatous damage.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1996;27:169-173.]
Endoscopic Fluorescein Angiography of the Ciliary Body in Glaucoma Management
Authors: Uram Martin 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The laser endoscopy system has been modified to permit highresolution intraoperative fluorescein angiograms. Because the ciliary processes can be directly viewed and photocoagulated from a limbal wound in the phakic, aphakic, or Pseudophakie eye in virtually any patient, the novel opportunity to angiographically study the ciliary processes before and after various forms of ablation was created.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eighty patients were divided into four groups and were studied under various conditions.
* RESULTS: The ciliary processes normally fill with fluorescein early in the angiogram and maintain hyperfluorescence throughout. Functional ciliary processes (or portions of them) are hyperfluorescent; ablated processes are densely hypofluorescent. This technique can delineate inadequately treated zones, permitting appropriate correction at the time of initial surgery. Eyes with previous transscleral cyclodestruction did not experience the degree of ciliary process ablation that the surgeon reported.
* CONCLUSION: Intraoperative delineation of treated and untreated ciliary processes permits accurate correlation with observed intraocular pressure response.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1996;27:174-178.]
Ultrasound Biomicroscopic Features of Iris Retraction Syndrome
Authors: Morinelli Elisa N , Gentile Ronald , Stegman Zeev , Liebmann Jeffrey M , Shabto Uri , Ritch Robert 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To examine anatomic relationships of anterior and posterior chamber structures in iris retraction syndrome using ultrasound bìomìcroscopy.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Four eyes of four patients with iris retraction syndrome were imaged using high-frequency, high-resolution, anterior segment ultrasound biomicroscopy. In two patients, scans were obtained before and after medical therapy.
* RESULTS: Three patients presented wirh iris retraction configuration and one with iris bombe. In the latter case, iris bombe converted to iris retraction and back to Ìris bombe with the administration and later withdrawal of aqueous suppressants. Ciliochoroidal effusion was present in all eyes.
* CONCLUSIONS: Ciliochoroidal effusion is a constant feature of iris retraction syndrome. The hypotony associated with this disorder may result in part from aqueous hyposecretion related to ciliary body detachment. Ultrasound biomicroscopy is a useful aid in the diagnosis and follow-up of eyes with iris retraction syndrome.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1996;27:257-262.]
Do Standard Procedures in Squint Surgery Influence the Blood-Aqueous Barrier?
Authors: Neugebauer Antje , Kaszli Franz A , Diestelhorst Michael , Rürsmann Walter 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Surgery on the rectus muscles may interfere with anterior segment perfusion. This study investigates the influence of combined rectus muscle surgery on the blood-aqueous barrier in children. Namely, the influences of tucking and resection procedures were compared.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Laser flare measurements for tyndallometry were performed preoperatively and postoperatively in 25 children. Fifteen of the children had undergone a combination of a rectus recession and tucking; 10 had undergone a combined recession-resection procedure.
* RESULTS: The mean preoperative flare value was 4.1 photon counts/ms versus 3.7 photon counts/ms postoperatively in the eyes that had undergone surgery. Statistical evaluation showed that the postoperative changes were insignificant. No significant difference was found between the two surgical techniques (tucking vs resection) regarding the preoperative versus postoperative flare value change (level of statistical significance .05).
* CONCLUSION: Combined squint surgery, either recession- tucking or recession-resection, was not shown to influence the blood-aqueous barrier.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:570-573.]
Transcanalicular Laser-Assisted Dacryocystorhinostomy
Authors: Rosen N , Barak A , Rosner M 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Current techniques of laser-assisted dacryocystorhinostomy are mosdy endonasal. In this report, the authors describe their technique of laser-assisted dacryocystorhinostomy performed through the canaliculi and the surgical results they achieved.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fourteen patients with nasolacrimal duct obstruction underwent transcanalicular laser-assisted dacryocystorhinostomy. The bony ostium was perforated using a fiber optic-transmitting, giant-pulse Nd: YAG laser, with an energy of 0.5 to 4 J per pulse. The total energy used to create an ostium was 18 to 34 J. A silicone tube was inserted through the canaliculi and the ostium into the nasal cavity and kept in place for 5 to 7 months. Patients were observed for 18 to 22 months.
* RESULTS: Nine of the 14 patients 64%) reported the disappearance of epiphora following surgery. In 3 patients, no relief of epiphora was obtained. In 1 patient the operation was not completed because of severe nasal bleeding. In another, tearing began 12 months after surgery (6 months after tube removal).
* CONCLUSIONS: Transcanalicular laser-assisted dacryocystorhinostomy is a potentially useful method for performing dacryocystorhinostomy. Technical modifications and improvements are needed to increase the success rate.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:723-726.]
A Prospective Randomized Trial of Topical Soluble 0.1% Indomethacin Versus 0.1% Diclofenac Versus Placebo for the Control of Pain Following Excimer Laser Photorefractive Keratectomy
Authors: Assouline Michael , Renard Gilles , Arne Jean Louis , David Thierry , Lasmolles Christine , Malecaze François , Pouliquen Yves J M 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To compare the safety and efficacy of topical nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for the control of pain after excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy (PRX).
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred twenty informed patients were enrolled in a doublemasked, randomized, comparative study and assigned to either 0.1% indomethacin, 0.1% diclofenac, or placebo treatment. Subjective postoperative pain, symptoms, re-epithelialization rate, and systemic medications were monitored for 2 days following photoablation.
* RESULTS: Compared with the placebo, 0.1% indomethacin solution significantly reduced pain on the day of surgery (DO) (P < .05), whereas 0.1% diclofenac did not reach a significant level (P = .46). At D0, analgesic intake by the oral route was significantly greater in the placebo group (P < .05). Severe photophobia was significantly less frequent in the group treated with 0.1% indomethacin (P < .05). Corneal wound healing was significantly delayed in the patients treated with 0.1% diclofenac at D2 as compared with other groups (P= .04).
* CONCLUSION: Topical 0.1% indomethacin solution helps control the pain induced by excimer laser photoablation of the cornea without any detrimental effect to the corneal epithelial wound healing.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1998;29:365-374.]
Diffuse Ocular Metastases as an Initial Sign of Metastatic Lung Cancer
Authors: Shields Jerry A , Shields Carol L , Eagle Ralph C , Gündüz Kaan , Lin Beelin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract. A 68-year-old man with Jung carcinoma and no systemic metastasis presented with a blind, painful right eye. Examination showed no perception of light in the affected eye, elevated intraocular pressure, marked epibulbar hyperemia, and a white placoid mass in the conjunctiva nasally. Although a cataract precluded a clear view of the fundus, ultrasonography disclosed a total retinal detachment and a diffuse thickening of the choroid. Metastatic carcinoma was suspected clinically and the eye was enucleated because of severe, intractable pain. Pathologic examination demonstrated extensively necrotic metastatic adenocarcinoma involving the conjunctiva, peripheral cornea, sclera, iris, ciliary body, choroid, optic nerve, subarachnoid space, and orbit. Metastatic disease usually affects a singular ocular tissue, and it is highly unusual for such widespread ocular involvement to be the first sign of systemic metastasis from a primary neoplasm.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1998;29:598-601.]
Transscleral Cyclophotocoagulation With the Diode Laser for Neovascular Glaucoma
Authors: Oguri Akihiro , Takahashi Eriko , Tomita Goji , Yamamoto Tetsuya , Jikihara Shuichi , Kitazawa Yoshiaki 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To compare the outcome of transscleral cyclophotocoaguiation (TSCPC) using a diode laser with that of TSCPC using an Nd: YAG laser in neovascular glaucoma.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: The surgical outcome of diode laser TSCPC was retrospectively compared with that of free-running mode Nd: YAG laser (FR-YAG) TSCPC and continuo us -wave mode Nd:YAG laser (CW-YAG) TSCPC. Twenty-one eyes of 2 1 patients in the diode laser group, 9 eyes of 9 patients in the FR-YAG group, and 9 eyes of 9 patients in the CW-YAG group were treated.
* RESULTS: The Kaplan-Meier life-table analysis revealed that the probability (mean ± standard error) of successful intraocular pressure control with diode laser TSCPC at 3 years postoperatively was 47-2 ± 12.6% per operation and 55.9 ± 16.3% per eye. Compared with the CW-YAG TSCPC, the diode laser TSCPC had a significantly higher probability of success throughout the follow-up period. Diode laser TSCPC was associated with improvement or preservation of visual acuity in 16 of 21 eyes (76%), and was the best of the three laser sources. Postoperative complications were minor following diode laser TSCPC.
* CONCLUSION: Diode laser TSCPC appears to be as effective as FR-YAG TSCPC and better than CWYAG TSCPC for treating neovascular glaucoma.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1998;29:722-727.]
A Trial of Dorzolamide for Glaucoma
Authors: Gillies W E , Brooks A M V 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the effectiveness of dorzolamide changes when the drug is used under routine clinical conditions versus the more ideal conditions of a clinical trial.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 118 eyes of 65 patients were assessed. Nine patients (15 eyes) received dorzolamide only, 41 patients (74 eyes) received dorzolamide as an "add-on" medication, and 15 patients (29 eyes) received dorzolamide as a substitute for an oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitor.
* RESULTS: At 1 month the intraocular pressure (IOP) had decreased from 23.5 to 19.9 mm Hg in the patients receiving dorzolamide only, from 18.6 to 16.4 mm Hg in the patients receiving dorzolamide as an add-on medication, and from 17.7 to 16.0 mm Hg in the patients receiving dorzolamide as a substitute for an oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. Similar decreases in IOP were present at 3 and 6 months. Local drug reactions occurred in 3 patients. Five patients stopped treatment because of severe symptoms of nausea and prostration.
* CONCLUSION: Under routine clinical conditions, dorzolamide was effective as a sole medication and as an add-on medication. It was at least as effective as oral acetazolamide. Local drug reactions sometimes occurred, as did systemic reactions.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1998;29:728-732.]
Endonasal Laser Dacryocystorhinostomy and External Dacryocystorhinostomy Outcome Profile in a General Ophthalmic Service Unit: A Comparative Retrospective Study
Authors: Ibrahim Hesham Ali , Batterbury Mark , Banhegyi George , McGalliard James 
Published: April 2021

* PURPOSE: To evaluate the outcome profile of endonasal laser dacryocystorhinostomy (ENL-DCR) in comparison with external dacryocystorhinostomy (ENL-DCR) carried out as part of general ophthalmic service within the same center.
* METHODS: Patients who have undergone external or endonasal laser DCR in the authors institute with a minimum follow-up of 9 months and at least 3 months after removal of the tubes were invited to participate in this research. We used a questionnaire and a systematic clinical examination for detecting lacrimal passage patency and function. Patients were classified into categories: complete anatomical and physiological success; anatomical success with partial relief of symptoms; anatomical success with no relief of symptoms; anatomical failure.The endoscopic view of the ostium vertical location has been classified into four levels.
* RESULTS: One hundred and ten external-DCR and 53 Endonasal-DCR procedures were evaluated. Free communication (anatomical success) was achieved in 82% undergoing Ext-DCR and in 58% undergoing ENL-DCR. A significant number of patients continued to have symptoms in spite of a patent fistula (54% for Ext-DCR and 39% for ENLDCR). The site of the opening of the internal ostium was significantly related to the persistence of symptoms in spite of free communication (P < 0.001, chisquare test).
* CONCLUSION: In this series of patients undergoing DCR in a general ophthalmic unit, the standard Ext-DCR technique has a higher anatomical success rate than the endoscopic laser DCR but not necessarily with equivalent rate of relief of symptoms. An inferiorly placed ostium is more likely to result in complete relief of symptoms.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2001;32:220-227]
Neodymium: YAG Capsulotomy Rates Following Phacoemulsification With Implantation of PMMA, Silicone, and Acrylic Intraocular Lenses
Authors: Ram Jagat , Kaushik Sushmita , Brar Gagandeep S , Gupta Amod 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Posterior capsular opacification (PCO) is the most common visually disabling sequela of modern cataract surgery. Methods of reducing its incidence include the development of newer surgical techniques and intraocular lens (IOL) materials and designs. The aim of this study was to compare the incidence and time interval of development of PCO, and the requirement of laser capsulotomy in patients implanted with a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), silicone, or acrylic IOL.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: The data of 340 consecutive patients who underwent phacoemulsification and implantation of a PMMA, silicone, or acrylic intraocular lens were analyzed. The aim of this study was to compare the incidence and time interval of development of PCO, and the requirement of laser capsulotomy in patients implanted with a PMMA, silicone, or acrylic IOL.
* RESULTS: The incidence of PCO was found to be significandy less in the acrylic group (6.5% as compared to 21.74% and 26.6% in the PMMA and silicone groups, respectively; P = 0.01297 and 0.0039). Most patients (65%) exhibiting PCO in the PMMA group developed it within the first six months. In the silicone group, development of PCO was delayed. In 60% of patients, it appeared 18 months after surgery. Neodymium:YAG capsulotomy was required in 45% and 60% of patients developing PCO in the PMMA and silicone groups, respectively, while it was required in only 1 of the 4 patients developing PCO in the acrylic group.
* CONCLUSION: This study indicates that implantation of an acrylic IOL helps reduce the incidence of PCO as well as the need for Nd: YAG capsulotomy. PMMA IOLs require Nd: YAG capsulotomy earlier in the postoperative period as compared to silicone IOLs.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2001;32:375-382]
Preserved Human Amniotic Membrane Transplantation in the Treatment of Primary Pterygium
Authors: Tekin Nalan Fatma , Kaynak Suleyman , Saatci Ali Osman , Cingil Guray 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To assess the outcome of simple excision with preserved human amniotic membrane transplantation in the treatment of primary pterygium.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 59 eyes with primary pterygium underwent surgical excision. In Group 1 , 28 eyes were treated with simple excision and preserved human amniotic membrane transplantation. In Group 2, 3 1 eyes were treated with bare sclera excision. These two groups were compared in recurrence, final appearance of the operation site, and complications. Patients were followed for at least 10 months.
* RESULTS: During a mean follow up of 14.9 months, we observed 3 (10.7%) recurrences in Group 1 and 20 (38.7%) recurrences in Group 2 (P:0.03). In Group 1, 20 (71.4%) eyes and 14 (45.2%) eyes in Group 2 had a satisfactory final operation site appearance (P:0.04l). No serious complication was observed in both groups.
* CONCLUSION: Simple excision and preserved human amniotic membrane transplantation appears to be a safe and effective way of treating primary pterygium because of the lack of serious complications and a relatively low rate of recurrence.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2001;32:464-469]
Surgical Management of Scleral Perforation After Pterygium Excision
Authors: Lin Hsin-Chiung , Ku Wan-Chen , Lin Ken-Kuo , Tsai Ray Jui-Fang 
Published: April 2021

* OBJECTIVE: Scleral perforation is a rare complication occurring after pterygium excision often leading to scleral ulceration and loss of vision. Our purpose is to evaluate the long-term effectiveness and safety of tenonplasty and amniotic membrane transplantation in the management of scleral perforation after pterygium excision.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective study on patients with scleral perforation after pterygium excision that underwent tenonplasty and amniotic membrane transplantation at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital from 1997 to 1999 and followed up for at least 12 months postoperatively.
* RESULTS: There were 6 patients, 1 male and 5 females ranging in ages from 46 to 71 years (mean, 63.3). The interval between pterygium excisions to scleral perforation ranged from 3 to 20 years. There were no recurrences during the follow-up period of 12 to 24 months (average, 18.3 months).
* CONCLUSIONS: Tenonplasty and amniotic membrane transplantation appears to be a relatively simple, safe, and effective method for treating scleral perforation after pterygium excision.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2002;33:275-279]