bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Four Paradigm Cases of Dependency in Care Relations
Authors: van der Weele Simon 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDependencyfunctions as a keyword in care theory. However, care theorists have spelled out the ontological and moral ramifications of dependency in different and often conflicting ways. In this article, I argue that conceptual disputes about dependency betray a fundamental discordance among authors, rooted in the empirical premises of their arguments. Hence, although authors appear to share a vocabulary of dependency, they are not writing about quite the same phenomenon. I seek to elucidate these differences by teasing out and comparing different conceptions of dependency found in the literature. Borrowing a phrase from Eva Kittay, I trace four “paradigm cases” of dependency: the infant, the physically disabled person, the profoundly intellectually disabled person, and the refugee. These paradigm cases serve as the empirical touchstone from which theorists extract their conceptions of dependency. Each paradigm case, moreover, permits (or even implores) a particular ethical sensibility toward care. How we understand and value dependency thus seems to determine how we understand and value care, and vice versa. In this way, I contend, our normative orientation toward care might influence what sorts of dependency we see—and, by extension, which forms of dependency we fail to notice.
ASKING QUESTIONS TO DETERMINE THE PRODUCT OF CIRCULARLY ARRANGED NUMBERS
Authors: SANE SHARAD S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFix positive integers k and n with

$k \leq n$
. Numbers

$x_0, x_1, x_2, \ldots , x_{n - 1}$
, each equal to

$\pm {1}$
, are cyclically arranged (so that

$x_0$
follows

$x_{n - 1}$
) in that order. The problem is to find the product

$P = x_0x_1 \cdots x_{n - 1}$
of all n numbers by asking the smallest number of questions of the type

$Q_i$
: what is

$x_ix_{i + 1}x_{i + 2} \cdots x_{i+ k -1}$
? (where all the subscripts are read modulo n). This paper studies the problem and some of its generalisations.
Connectors of smart design and smart systems
Authors: Horváth Imre 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThough they can be traced back to different roots, both smart design and smart systems have to do with the recent developments of artificial intelligence. There are two major questions related to them: (i) What way are smart design and smart systems enabled by artificial narrow, general, or super intelligence? and (ii) How can smart design be used in the realization of smart systems? and How can smart systems contribute to smart designing? A difficulty is that there are no exact definitions for these novel concepts in the literature. The endeavor to analyze the current situation and to answer the above questions stimulated an exploratory research whose first findings are summarized in this paper. Its first part elaborates on a plausible interpretation of the concept of smartness and provides an overview of the characteristics of smart design as a creative problem solving methodology supported by artificial intelligence. The second part exposes the paradigmatic features and system engineering issues of smart systems, which are equipped with application-specific synthetic system knowledge and reasoning mechanisms. The third part presents and elaborates on a conceptual model of AI-based couplings of smart design and smart systems. The couplings may manifest in various concrete forms in real life that are referred to as “connectors” in this paper. The principal types of connectors are exemplified and discussed. It has been found that smart design tends to manifest as a methodology of blue-printing smart systems and that smart systems will be intellectualized the enablers of implementation of smart design. Understanding the affordances of and creating proper connectors between smart design and smart systems need further explorative research.
“Our arithmetic was unique”: The Sheppard-Towner Act and the Constraints of Federalism on Data Collection Before the New Deal
Authors: BEZARK MICHELLE 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article reveals how the politics of federalism in the 1920s stifled the U.S. Children’s Bureau’s ability to collect national data on the workings of the Sheppard-Towner Act. The Bureau staff’s reliance on state administrators for data hindered their efforts to collect standardized national statistics on the states’ use of federal dollars. Ultimately, this barrier contributed to Sheppard-Towner’s defeat in 1929. Though the law was short-lived, the problems the Children’s Bureau encountered administering it provide insights into how federal matching grant programs began to shape federal and state relations before the New Deal. As this article shows, Bureau staff learned from their experience administering Sheppard-Towner that they needed to implement more stringent federal oversight over state-level accounting in their administration of Title V of the Social Security Act.
Epidemiological investigation of recurrent outbreaks of haemolytic uraemic syndrome caused by Shiga toxin-producingEscherichia coliserotype O55:H7 in England, 2014–2018
Authors: Sawyer C. , Vishram B. , Jenkins C. , Jorgensen F. , Byrne L. , Mikhail A. F. W. , Dallman T. J. , Carroll K. , Ahyow L. , Vahora Q. , Godbole G. , Balasegaram S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRecurrent outbreaks of haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) caused by Shiga toxin-producingEscherichia coli(STEC) serotype O55:H7 occurred in England between 2014 and 2018. We reviewed the epidemiological evidence to identify potential source(s) and transmission routes of the pathogen, and to assess the on-going risk to public health. Over the 5-year period, there were 43 confirmed and three probable cases of STEC O55:H7. The median age of cases was 4 years old (range 6 months to 69 years old) and over half of all cases were female (28/46, 61%). There were 36/46 (78.3%) symptomatic cases, and over half of all cases developed HUS (25/46, 54%), including two fatal cases. No common food or environmental exposures were identified, although the majority of cases lived in rural or semi-rural environments and reported contact with both wild and domestic animals. This investigation informed policy on the clinical and public health management of HUS caused by STEC other than serotype O157:H7 (non-O157 STEC) in England, including comprehensive testing of all household contacts and household pets and more widespread use of polymerase chain reaction assays for the rapid diagnosis of STEC-HUS.
Memory of destroyed Khorsabad, Victor Place, and the story of a shipwreck
Authors: GENÇ BÜLENT 
Published: April 2021

AbstractVictor Place was appointed as a consul to Mosul in 1851, where having arrived in 1852 he started excavations at Khorsabad. Financial problems forced him to stop this activity towards the end of 1853. As the Interior Ministry appointed him to another post in 1854, he wanted to transport the Khorsabad finds before he left Mosul. However, the roads were extremely unsafe because of the Muntafiq Arab tribes’ revolt. The local authorities repeatedly warned Place about this problem, stressing that he should wait until after the revolt was over before leaving. But despite these warnings, Place transported the Khorsabad finds from Mosul to Baghdad by keleks (rafts). The plan was then to transport them to Basra from Baghdad. Place set off on the river with a fleet made up of four keleks and a ship. Smuggled goods loaded on the ship made it heavier and attracted the attention of looters. On 21 May 1855, the fleet was attacked by bandits in the region of Kurna, located between Baghdad and Basra. The ship and two keleks sank at the spot, while the remaining two keleks arrived at Basra with some of the rescued goods. Various attempts to retrieve the sunken finds then followed. This article accordingly considers new data on the Kurna accident, drawing on Ottoman archival sources, particularly reports written at the time that discussed the possible causes of the accident and the negligent actions linked to it. As the destroyed memory of Khorsabad makes clear, archaeology cannot be rushed.
Outcome evaluation of fruits and vegetables distribution interventions in schools: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ismail Mariam R , Seabrook Jamie A , Gilliland Jason A 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjective:Fruits and vegetables (FV) distribution interventions have been implemented as a public health strategy to increase children’s intake of FV at school settings. The purpose of this review was to examine whether snack-based FV distribution interventions can improve school-aged children’s consumption of FV.Design:Systematic review and meta-analysis of articles published in English, in a peer-reviewed journals, were identified by searching six databases up to August 2020. Standardised mean differences (SMD) and 95 % CI were calculated using a random effects model. Heterogeneity was quantified using I2 statistics.Setting:Population-based studies of interventions where the main focus was the effectiveness of distributed FV as snacks to schoolchildren in North America, Europe and Pacific were included.Results:Forty-seven studies, reporting on fifteen different interventions, were identified; ten studies were included in the meta-analysis. All interventions were effective in increasing children’s consumption of FV, with only one intervention demonstrating a null effect. Pooled results under all classifications showed effectiveness in improving children’s consumption of FV, particularly for multi-component interventions at post-intervention (SMD 0·20, 95 % CI 0·13, 0·27) and free distribution interventions at follow-up (SMD 0·19, 95 % CI 0·12, 0·27).Conclusions:Findings suggest that FV distribution interventions provide a promising avenue by which children’s consumption can be improved. Nonetheless, our results are based on a limited number of studies, and further studies should be performed to confirm these results. More consistent measurement protocols in terms of rigorous study methodologies, intervention duration and follow-up evaluation are needed to improve comparability across studies.
Radiotherapy in patient with an automated implantable cardioverter defibrillator
Authors: Allouche E. , Oumaya Z. , Abidi R. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroduction:An ever-growing number of patients with implantable cardiac rhythm devices are treated with radiation therapy for cancer and are therefore at risk of device failure. Several medical societies developed recommendations for the management of such patients.We report the case of a 76-year-old patient with an implanted cardioverter defibrillator, treated with external radiotherapy for breast cancer, to test in practice the recommendations on the management of similar cases.
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the oncologic care continuum: urgent need to restore patients care to pre-COVID-19 era
Authors: Osei Ernest , Francis Ruth , Mohamed Ayan , Sheraz Lyba , Soltani-Mayvan Fariba 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackground:Globally, cancer is the second leading cause of death, and it is estimated that over 18·1 million new cases are diagnosed annually. The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted almost every aspect of the provision and management of cancer care worldwide. The time-critical nature of COVID-19 diagnosis and the large number of patients requiring hospitalisation necessitated the rerouting of already limited resources available for cancer services and programmes to the care of COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, the stringent social distancing, restricted in-hospital visits and lockdown measures instituted by various governments resulted in the disruption of the oncologic continuum including screening, diagnostic and prevention programmes, treatments and follow-up services as well as research and clinical trial programmes.Materials and Methods:We searched several databases from October 2020 to January 2021 for relevant studies published in English between 2020 and 2021 and reporting on the impact of COVID-19 on the cancer care continuum. This narrative review paper describes the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the cancer patient care continuum from screening and prevention to treatments and ongoing management of patients.Conclusions:The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly impacted cancer care and the management of cancer services and patients. Nevertheless, the oncology healthcare communities worldwide have done phenomenal work with joint and collaborative efforts, utilising best available evidence-based guidelines to continue to give safe and effective treatments for cancer patients while maintaining the safety of patients, healthcare professionals and the general population. Nevertheless, several healthcare centres are now faced with significant challenges with the management of the backlog of screening, diagnosis and treatment cases. It is imperative that governments, leaders of healthcare centres and healthcare professionals take all necessary actions and policies focused on minimising further system-level delays to cancer screening, diagnosis, treatment initiation and clearing of all backlogs cases from the COVID-19 pandemic in order to mitigate the negative impact on cancer outcomes.
The effect of carbon fibre treatment couch with and without immobilisation devices on radiotherapy dose calculation using three different planning algorithms and photon beam energies
Authors: Oulhouq Y. , Rrhioua A. , Bakari D. , Zerfaoui M. , Krim D. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroduction:The objective of radiotherapy immobilisation devices is to improve the reproducibility of patient positioning during treatment sessions. The inclusion of these devices in the treatment protocol may increase the skin dose. In practice, these devices are not systematically taken into account in the dose calculation.Material and methods:In this study, the dosimetric effects of the carbon fibre couch iBEAM Evo Extension 415, with and without three different immobilisation devices (a Klarity Breastboard R610-2ECF, a Bionix Butterfly Board and CIVCO Vac-Lok vacuum bag), were calculated and evaluated on the dose calculation for conformal three-dimensional radiation therapy. The measurements were carried out by comparing the measured dose with the one calculated for three different algorithms, FFT convolution, fast superposition and superposition algorithms, which are implemented in Xio treatment planning system (TPS).Results:Dosimetric tolerance levels have been respected for specific dose calculations, which do not include the fibre couch with or without immobilisation devices. Errors of up to 8% in the dose calculation were obtained for the beams passing through the fibre couch and the breast board base support region.Conclusion:According to the significant attenuation differences of the beam by the fibre couch and immobilisation devices, it was concluded that ignoring the device in the dose calculation can change patient’s skin and target doses. The fibre couch and immobilisation device should be included within external body contour to account for the TPS calculation algorithms dose attenuation.
Connected slots antenna array feeding a high-gain lens for wide-angle beam-steering applications
Authors: Aziz Imran , Öjefors Erik , Dancila Dragos 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a 60 GHz connected slots linear-phased array feeding a high-gain semi-symmetric lens antenna. This design provides high gain, broadband, and beam-steering capabilities for gigabit rate access and backhaul communications. The connected slots antenna array (CSAA) is excited at 16× equidistant points which not only yields spatial power combining but also allows the progressive phase changes to steer the beam in ±45°in azimuth plane. To characterize the CSAA-fed lens antenna, four different power splitters are fabricated which steer the main beam in 0, 15, 30, and 45°. The lens is designed in a way to overcome the scan loss and get comparatively higher gain when beam is steered away from the broadside. The measured results show 25.4 dBi maximum gain with 3 dB gain bandwidth covering the full band 57–66 GHz whereas 3 dB beam-steering range is ±45°for all frequencies. Besides, the half power beamwidth is 6 and 10°in elevation (E-plane) and azimuth plane (H-plane), respectively.
Air‐Sea Ammonia Fluxes Calculated From High‐Resolution Summertime Observations Across the Atlantic Southern Ocean
Authors: Altieri K. E. , Spence K. A. M. , Smith S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOceanic ammonia emissions are the largest natural source of ammonia globally, but the magnitude of the air‐sea flux in remote regions with minimal human influence remains uncertain. Here, we measured the concentration of surface ocean ammonium and atmospheric ammonia gas every two hours across a latitudinal transect (34.5°S to 61°S) of the Atlantic Southern Ocean during summer. Surface ocean ammonium concentrations ranged from undetectable to 0.36 µM and ammonia gas concentrations ranged from 0.6 to 5.1 nmol m−3. Calculated ammonia fluxes ranged from −2.8 to −75 pmol m−2 s−1, and were consistently from the atmosphere into the ocean, even in regions where surface ocean ammonium concentrations were relatively high. As expected, temperature was the dominant control on the air‐sea ammonia flux across the latitudinal transect. However, a sensitivity analysis suggests that seasonality in the surface Southern Ocean nitrogen cycle may have a major influence on the direction of the ammonia flux.
Substantial Declines in Salinity Observed Across the Upper Colorado River Basin During the 20th Century, 1929–2019
Authors: Rumsey Christine A. , Miller Olivia , Hirsch Robert M. , Marston Thomas M. , Susong David D. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSalinity in the Colorado River Basin causes an estimated $300 to $400 million per year in economic damages in the United States. To inform and improve salinity‐control efforts, this study quantifies long‐term trends in salinity (dissolved solids) across the Upper Colorado River Basin (UCRB), including time periods prior to the construction of large dams and preceding the implementation of salinity‐control projects. Weighted Regressions on Time, Discharge, and Season was used with data sets of dissolved‐solids and specific‐conductance measurements, collected as early as 1929, to evaluate long‐term trends in dissolved‐solids loads and concentrations in streams from 1929 to 2019 (n = 14). Results indicate that large, widespread, and sustained downward trends in dissolved‐solids concentrations and loads occurred over the last 50–90 years. For 12 of the 14 stream sites with significant downward change, median declines of −38% (range of −14% to −57%) and −40% (range of −9 to −65%) were observed for flow‐normalized concentration and load, respectively. Steepest rates of decline occurred from 1980 to 2000, coincident with the initiation of salinity‐control efforts in the 1980s. However, there was a consistent slowing or reversing of downward trends after 2000 even though salinity‐control efforts continued. Significant decreases in salinity occurred as early as the 1940s at some streams, indicating that, in addition to salinity‐control projects, changes in land cover, land use, and/or climate substantially affect salinity transport in the UCRB. Observed dissolved‐solids trends are likely the result of changes to watershed‐related processes, not due to changes in the streamflow regime.
Main Wave Sources of the Longitudinal Structures of Equatorial Electric Field
Authors: Liu Yangkun , Xu Jiyao , Xiong Chao , Liu Xiao , Guo Bing 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe E‐region equatorial electric field (EEF) modulates distributions in the ionosphere at equatorial and low latitudes via the fountain effect. Using Swarm data during the daytime and geomagnetically quiet periods (Kp ≤ 3), we perform a detailed analysis of the main wave sources of the longitudinal structures of the EEF (LSEEF) in different seasons by fitting the LSEEF with longitudinal wavenumber 1–4 patterns (WN1–WN4), and further matching the dominant tides and stationary planetary waves. The results indicate that: (a) Although the LSEEF exhibit significant seasonal dependence, a prominent one‐peaked structure exists in all seasons (peak: 90°E–120°E; trough: 30°W–70°W). (b) WN1 (WN4) contributes most to the LSEEF over four seasons (spring to autumn) with fractions of 26%–39% (25%–38%). (c) The main wave sources of the LSEEF are DW2 (DE3 and DE2; DE3; DW2 and SW4) in spring (summer; autumn; winter) with each contribution exceeding 15%.
Historical and Future Projected Warming of Antarctic Shelf Bottom Water in CMIP6 Models
Authors: Purich Ariaan , England Matthew H. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractUnderstanding warming on the Antarctic shelf is critical for projecting changes in Antarctic ice shelves and ice sheets. Here we assess Antarctic Shelf Bottom Water (ASBW) temperature mean‐state and trends in CMIP6 models. While CMIP6 models do not resolve ice shelves, future shelf water warming will impact ice shelf vulnerability. The CMIP6 multi‐model mean zonal temperature structure and mean‐state ASBW spatial pattern resemble observations, although there is considerable spread across the models and a multi‐model mean warm bias. The multi‐model mean projects an average ASBW warming of 0.36°C (interdecile range 0.07°C–0.60°C) under SSP245 and 0.62°C (interdecile range 0.16°C–0.95°C) under SSP585 by 2100, emphasizing the influence future emissions have on shelf water warming around Antarctica. Changes in the transport of Circumpolar Deep Water onto the shelf associated with changes in the Southern Annular Mode, as well as Circumpolar Deep Water warming, are predicted to conspire to warm ASBW in the future.
JAC1 suppresses proliferation of breast cancer through the JWA/p38/SMURF1/HER2 signaling
Authors: Ren Yanlin , Chen Dongyin , Zhai Zurong , Chen Junjie , Li Aiping , Liang Yan , Zhou Jianwei 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe overexpression of HER2 is associated with a malignant proliferation of breast cancer. In this study, we developed a non-cytotoxic JWA gene activating compound 1 (JAC1) to inhibit the proliferation of HER2-positive breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo experimental models. JAC1 increased the ubiquitination of HER2 at the K716 site through the E3 ubiquitin ligase SMURF1 which was due to the decreased expression of NEDD4, the E3 ubiquitin ligase of SMURF1. In conclusion, JAC1 suppresses the proliferation of HER2-positive breast cancer cells through the JWA triggered HER2 ubiquitination signaling. JAC1 may serve as a potential therapeutic agent for HER2-positive breast cancer.