bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shared humanity, awareness of socio-economic privilege, and classism during the pandemic as predictors of supporting equal socio-economic policies
Authors: Uluğ Özden Melis , Solak Nevin , Kanık Betül 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe coronavirus pandemic has caused unemployment to skyrocket, exposed the longstanding inequalities in health care services and working conditions, and mainly affected the poor in different parts of the world. In the current study, we focus on social identity and social class-related factors that are critical during the pandemic to gain insights into what predicts support for policies favoring economic equality in the post-pandemic period. We argue that to the extent that individuals 1) identify with all humanity during the pandemic, 2) are aware of their socio-economic status-based privilege, 3) do not hold classist attitudes, they would support policies favoring economic equality. In Study 1, survey data from 1212 participants in Turkey were analyzed by means of hierarchical linear regression analysis. The findings showed that stronger identification with all humanity, higher awareness of socio-economic status-based privilege, and less endorsement of classist attitudes predict more support for socio-economic equality policies in the post-pandemic period, after controlling for socio-demographic and socio-political characteristics of participants. Study 2 (N = 212) replicated the findings in a different context, namely the U.S. Our findings extend previous studies by showing the importance of a global identity, such as shared human identity, in the ongoing and potentially in the aftermath of the pandemic. In addition, our findings highlight the joint contributions of socio-economic factors such as classist attitudes and awareness of class-based privilege to the support for socio-economic policies.
The effects of app-based mindfulness practice on the well-being of university students and staff
Authors: Lahtinen Oskari , Aaltonen Jenni , Kaakinen Johanna , Franklin Lena , Hyönä Jukka 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMental health problems like anxiety, depression, and stress have been increasing in many countries and the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic has further exacerbated their toll. Mindfulness-based interventions have been shown to provide evidence-based treatments for anxiety and depression, and accumulating evidence is emerging in support of using mindfulness apps yielding small-to-moderate treatment effects. The study was a 4-week randomized controlled trial with 561 university students and staff as participants, divided into a treatment group (mindfulness app) and an active control group (psychoeducational online content). Depression, anxiety, and stress were evaluated as primary study outcomes. Saliva cortisol samples were also collected from a subgroup of the treatment arm (n = 29). Using the mindfulness app for four weeks resulted in small reductions in stress (d = .16), and depression (d = .16). Attrition was 28.0%. Subjects who practiced more did not experience additional improvement in wellbeing. Mindfulness apps offer modest but clear benefits to users in terms of improved mental health. They present a promising supplement to traditional mental health services.
ESMO 2020: highlights in breast cancer
Authors: Bartsch Rupert 
Published: May 2021

SummaryDespite the ongoing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, results of several pertinent studies in the field of breast cancer (BC) were presented in a virtual format at the 2020 European Society of Medical Oncology (ESMO) Congress. Early results of the MonarchE trial investigating the addition of the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitor abemaciclib to standard adjuvant endocrine therapy indicated a lower recurrence rate in the combination group in a high-risk population of patients with early stage hormone receptor (HR)-positive/HER2-negative BC. In contrast, the PALLAS study evaluating adjuvant palbociclib could not confirm these results. Subtle differences in the respective trial populations, a higher discontinuation rate in PALLAS, or substance-specific differences may be responsible. In HER2-positive early stage BC, long-term results of the ADAPT-TP trial support the notion that chemotherapy-free treatment may be possible in a subset of patients with favourable response to HER2-directed therapy without compromising long-term outcome. The phase III IMpassion031 trial evaluated the addition of atezolizumab to neoadjuvant anthracycline/taxane-containing chemotherapy in triple-negative BC (TNBC). A significant improvement in terms of pathologic complete remission rate was observed but data concerning long-term outcome must be awaited. Final overall survival (OS) analysis of IMpassion130 confirmed the clinically relevant OS improvement observed with the addition of atezolizumab to first-line nab-paclitaxel in metastatic PD-L1 positive TNBC. In contrast, no benefit was observed with the addition of atezolizumab to solvent-based paclitaxel in a similar population. This contradiction is commonly explained by the need for corticosteroid co-medication with conventional paclitaxel, but the exact reason remains poorly understood. Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) have been successfully established in HER2-positive breast cancer; in TNBC, the phase III ASCENT trial compared the ADC sacituzumab govitecan with chemotherapy by physician’s choice in pretreated metastatic patients. A significant improvement in terms of progression-free survival and OS was observed rendering this drug a potential novel standard in this patient population.
Evaluation of the ability of the Clinical Treatment Score at 5 years (CTS5) compared to other risk stratification methods to predict the response to an extended endocrine therapy in breast cancer patients
Authors: Villasco Andrea , Accomasso Francesca , D’Alonzo Marta , Agnelli Francesca , Sismondi Piero , Biglia Nicoletta 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Extension of adjuvant endocrine therapy (ET) reduces the risk of recurrence in women diagnosed with ER-positive breast cancers, but a significant benefit is unlikely to happen to all individual patients. This study is aimed at evaluating the ability of different clinical late distant recurrence (LDR) risk stratification methods and in particular the clinical treatment score at 5 years (CTS5) to predict the response to extended adjuvant ET.

Methods
783 patients diagnosed with ER+ BC between 1988 and 2014 at Umberto I Hospital of Turin, of which 180 received an extended adjuvant ET, were retrospectively selected. They were stratified according to pT, pN, disease stage, tumor grade, Ki67 level, progesterone receptor status and CTS5. The primary endpoint was LDR rate. LDR rates according to ET duration were confronted in each subgroup.

Result
The median duration of extended ET was 7 years (6–10). Median follow-up from diagnosis was 9 years (6–26). Retrospective risk stratification according to tumor size, nodal status, disease stage, tumor grade, Ki67 level, and progesterone receptor status did not appear to be able to predict the response to extended ET. In the CTS5 high-risk subgroup instead, the risk of developing an LDR was significantly lower in the patients who underwent extended ET compared to standard ET (HR 0.37, 95% CI 0.15–0.91), while no significant benefit was demonstrated for low and intermediate-risk patients.

Conclusions
Risk stratification according to CTS5 appeared to be predictive of the response to extended endocrine therapy in our population of real-life pre and postmenopausal patients.
Identification of lysosome‐targeting drugs with anti‐inflammatory activity as potential invasion inhibitors of treatment resistant HER2 positive cancers
Authors: Hansen Malene Bredahl , Postol Maria , Tvingsholm Siri , Nielsen Inger Ødum , Dietrich Tiina Naumanen , Puustinen Pietri , Maeda Kenji , Dinant Christoffel , Strauss Robert , Egan David , Jäättelä Marja , Kallunki Tuula 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Most HER2 positive invasive cancers are either intrinsic non-responsive or develop resistance when treated with 1st line HER2 targeting drugs. Both 1st and 2nd line treatments of HER2 positive cancers are aimed at targeting the HER2 receptor directly, thereby strongly limiting the treatment options of HER2/ErbB2 inhibition resistant invasive cancers.

Methods
We used phenotypic high throughput microscopy screening to identify efficient inhibitors of ErbB2-induced invasion using 1st line HER2 inhibitor trastuzumab- and pertuzumab-resistant, p95-ErbB2 expressing breast cancer cells in conjunction with the Prestwick Chemical Library®. The screening entailed a drug’s ability to inhibit ErbB2-induced, invasion-promoting positioning of lysosomes at the cellular periphery, a phenotype that defines their invasiveness. In addition, we used high throughput microscopy and biochemical assays to assess the effects of the drugs on lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) and autophagy, two features connected to cancer treatment. Using 2nd line HER2 inhibitor lapatinib resistant 3-dimensional model systems, we assessed the effects of the drugs on ErbB2 positive breast cancer spheroids and developed a high-throughput invasion assay for HER2 positive ovarian cancer organoids for further evaluation.

Results
We identified Auranofin, Colchicine, Monensin, Niclosamide, Podophyllotoxin, Quinacrine and Thiostrepton as efficient inhibitors of invasive growth of 2nd line HER2 inhibitor lapatinib resistant breast cancer spheroids and ovarian cancer organoids. We classified these drugs into four groups based on their ability to target lysosomes by inducing autophagy and/or LMP, i.e., drugs inducing early LMP, early autophagy with late LMP, late LMP, or neither.

Conclusions
Our results indicate that targetable lysosome-engaging cellular pathways downstream of ErbB2 contribute to invasion. They support lysosomal trafficking as an attractive target for therapy aiming at preventing the spreading of cancer cells. Since these drugs additionally possess anti-inflammatory activities, they could serve as multipurpose drugs simultaneously targeting infection/inflammation and cancer spreading.
Easy Is Not Always Good – The Fragmented System for Adjudication of Unitary Trade Marks and Designs
Authors: Kur Annette 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWhile the creation and still outstanding implementation of the Unified Patent Jurisdiction system continue to cause contentious debates among academics and practitioners, the system introduced in the early 1990s for adjudication of conflicts concerning unitary trade marks (and, later on, unitary design rights) had the charm of simplicity. Building on the national court systems instead of providing for a genuine EU judiciary, the scheme could easily be fitted into existing structures. On the other hand, the imperfect, limping character of the system creates issues inter alia concerning international jurisdiction and applicable law. Furthermore, attributing jurisdiction in infringement litigation to separate national court hierarchies may jeopardize the coherence of the system. While the prospects for reform may be dim insofar as the system in its entirety is concerned, the detrimental effects of fragmentation could be overcome at least to some extent by creating a unitary catalogue of sanctions.
Ethnic Identity in Transition: the Potential Impact of Ethnicity on Chronic Illness’ Medication Adherence in Post-Soviet Country
Authors: Lubi Kadi , Raal Ain , Taba Pille 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPreviously, it has been shown that factors like ethnicity and proficiency of state’s official language not only influence self-management abilities and medication adherence but may also indicate the level of trust in physicians, medication, and healthcare system. This research aims to examine the potential impact of ethnicity on medication adherence based on the example of a post-Soviet country. The research was carried out as a quantitative survey among 303 hypertension and type 2 diabetes patients in Estonia, involving participants from ethnic majority and minority. Research was conducted in community pharmacies and data analysed statistically with SPSS. The findings were opposite to previous research. Although members of the ethnic minority used less illness-related sources, these sources relied more on evidence-based medicine compared to the ethnic majority. Because of this, medication adherence was also slightly higher for the ethnic minority compared to the majority. Therefore, these findings indicate trust in medical authorities, their decisions, and recommendations. There was a statistically significant relationship between general and illness-related information-seeking activity; however, medication adherence was not related to information-seeking activity. The research outlines that in addition to ethnolinguistic aspect, also potential cultural influence might determine the trust in medicine and medication adherence.
HIV, Human Rights and Migration: Narratives of HIV-Positive Asylum Seekers in Scotland
Authors: Palattiyil George , Sidhva Dina 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPolitical instability, armed unrest, religious intolerance, human rights violations, ethnic conflict and environmental disasters that threaten one’s life, displace people and often compel them to seek asylum elsewhere. Over the years, the UK has been a major recipient of asylum seekers, some of whom have come to Scotland, especially since 2000, and among these there are a number who present health issues including being HIV-positive. HIV-positive asylum seekers experience poverty, isolation, vulnerability, stigma and discrimination, which when coupled with a lack of appropriate medical care and support, have the potential of adding another layer on the denial of fundamental human rights and further stigmatising people who are already fleeing circumstances threatening their very existence. This paper discusses findings from a recent study that examined the lived experiences of HIV-positive asylum seekers since their arrival in Scotland. A flexible qualitative research design that included in-depth interviews that used life history and a phenomenological approach was adopted. Underpinned by ethics approval, nineteen HIV-positive Black African asylum seekers were recruited through third sector organisations in Glasgow, Scotland. Additional data were gathered from two emotive and discursive focus group meetings. Findings were developed using narrative analysis. The accounts of the asylum seekers reflect continued fear of stigma in the face of HIV disclosure, but also pervasive poverty and inequality. Their experiences include denial of rights to family and security, fear of being detained and deported, denial of appropriate medical care, symptoms of post-traumatic disorder and the culturally insensitive and sometimes inhumane attitude of the UK Immigration Agency. These themes depict an everyday struggle in a context of denial of support and risk of potential deportation to a country where HIV treatment is limited or inaccessible. Their narratives also attest to the life-giving, unstinting care and support they receive from a handful of voluntary agencies and one specialist HIV clinic in Scotland. The findings from this study raise issues for a debate about the treatment of HIV-positive asylum seekers in Scotland. Poverty, inequality, stigma and discrimination continue to pose difficulties in accessing care and treatment and wider community integration. Often treated in a piecemeal and ‘service-siloed’ fashion, the needs and human rights of HIV-positive asylum seekers require a greater, more holistic practice and policy attention.
Homotopical decompositions of simplicial and Vietoris Rips complexes
Authors: Chachólski Wojciech , Jin Alvin , Scolamiero Martina , Tombari Francesca 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMotivated by applications in Topological Data Analysis, we consider decompositions of a simplicial complex induced by a cover of its vertices. We study how the homotopy type of such decompositions approximates the homotopy of the simplicial complex itself. The difference between the simplicial complex and such an approximation is quantitatively measured by means of the so called obstruction complexes. Our general machinery is then specialized to clique complexes, Vietoris-Rips complexes and Vietoris-Rips complexes of metric gluings.
In silico virtual screening of lead compounds for major antigenic sites in respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein
Authors: Mathew Shilu , Taleb Sara , Eid Ali Hussein , Althani Asmaa A. , Yassine Hadi M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHuman respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading ubiquitous respiratory pathogen in newborn infants, young children, and the elderly, with no vaccine available to date. The viral fusion glycoprotein (RSV F) plays an essential role in the infection process, and it is a primary target of neutralizing antibodies, making it an attractive site for vaccine development. With this in view, there is a persistent need to identify selective antiviral drugs against RSV, targeting the major antigenic sites on the F protein. We aimed to conduct a robust in silico high-throughput drug screening of one million compounds to explore potential inhibitors that bind the major antigenic site Ø and site II on RSV F protein, which are the main target of neutralizing antibodies (NAb). We utilized the three-dimensional crystallographic structure of both antigenic site Ø on pre-F and antigenic II on post-F to screen for potential anti-RSV inhibitors. A library of one million small compounds was docked to explore lead binders in the major antigenic sites by using virtual lab bench CLC Drug Discovery. We also performed Quantitative Structure-Activity and Relationship (QSAR) for the lead best binders known for their antiviral activity. Among one million tested ligands, seven ligands (PubChem ID: 3714418, 24787350, 49828911, 24802036, 79824892, 49726463, and 3139884) were identified as the best binders to neutralizing epitopes site Ø and four ligands (PubChem ID: 865999, 17505357, 24802036, and 24285058) to neutralizing epitopes site II, respectively. These binders exhibited significant interactions with neutralizing epitopes on RSV F, with an average of six H bonds, docking energy of − 15.43 Kcal·mol−1, and minimum interaction energy of − 7.45 Kcal·mol−1. Using in silico virtual screening, we identified potential RSV inhibitors that bind two major antigenic sites on the RSV F protein. Using structure-based design and combination-based drug therapy, identified molecules could be modified to generate the next generation anti-RSV drugs.
New dilemmas, old problems: advances in data analysis and its geoethical implications in groundwater management
Authors: de Oliveira Ferreira Silva César , Matulovic Mariana , Lilla Manzione Rodrigo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGroundwater governance uses modeling to support decision making. Therefore, data science techniques are essential. Specific difficulties arise because variables must be used that cannot be directly measured, such as aquifer recharge and groundwater flow. However, such techniques involve dealing with (often not very explicitly stated) ethical questions. To support groundwater governance, these ethical questions cannot be solved straightforward. In this study, we propose an approach called “open-minded roadmap” to guide data analytics and modeling for groundwater governance decision making. To frame the ethical questions, we use the concept of geoethical thinking, a method to combine geoscience-expertise and societal responsibility of the geoscientist. We present a case study in groundwater monitoring modeling experiment using data analytics methods in southeast Brazil. A model based on fuzzy logic (with high expert intervention) and three data-driven models (with low expert intervention) are tested and evaluated for aquifer recharge in watersheds. The roadmap approach consists of three issues: (a) data acquisition, (b) modeling and (c) the open-minded (geo)ethical attitude. The level of expert intervention in the modeling stage and model validation are discussed. A search for gaps in the model use is made, anticipating issues through the development of application scenarios, to reach a final decision. When the model is validated in one watershed and then extrapolated to neighboring watersheds, we found large asymmetries in the recharge estimatives. Hence, we can show that more information (data, expertise etc.) is needed to improve the models’ predictability-skill. In the resulting iterative approach, new questions will arise (as new information comes available), and therefore, steady recourse to the open-minded roadmap is recommended.Graphic abstract
Applying the Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, Sustainment (EPIS) Framework to Safe Surgery 2020 Implementation in Tanzania's Lake Zone
Authors: Alidina Shehnaz , Zanial Noor , Meara John G. , Barash David , Buberwa Ladislaus , Chirangi Bwire , Hellar Augustino , Kisakye Steve , Mazhiqi Adelina , Mnyonyela William , Nyanda Meck P. , Reynolds Cheri , Tinuga Florian , Kapologwe Ntuli A. , Maongezi Sarah 
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND:
Access to safe, high-quality surgical care in sub-Saharan Africa is a critical gap. Interventions to improve surgical quality have been developed, but research on their implementation is still at a nascent stage. We retrospectively applied the Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, Sustainment framework to characterize the implementation of Safe Surgery 2020, a multicomponent intervention to improve surgical quality.

METHODS:
We used a longitudinal, qualitative research design to examine Safe Surgery 2020 in 10 health facilities in Tanzania's Lake Zone. We used documentation analysis with confirmatory key informant interviews (n = 6) to describe the exploration and preparation phases. We conducted interviews with health facility leaders and surgical team members at 1, 6, and 12 months (n = 101) post initiation to characterize the implementation phase. Data were analyzed using the constant comparison method.

RESULTS:
In the exploration phase, research, expert consultation, and scoping activities revealed the need for a multicomponent intervention to improve surgical quality. In the preparation phase, onsite visits identified priorities and barriers to implementation to adapt the intervention components and curriculum. In the active implementation phase, 4 themes related to the inner organizational context—vision for safe surgery, existing surgical practices, leadership support, and resilience—and 3 themes related to the intervention—innovation-value fit, holistic approach, and buy-in—facilitated or hindered implementation. Interviewees perceived improvements in teamwork and communication and intra- and inter-facility learning, and their need to deliver safe surgery evolved during the implementation period.

CONCLUSIONS:
Examining implementation through the exploration, preparation, implementation, and sustainment phases offers insights into the implementation of interventions to improve surgical quality and promote sustainability.