bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Types and Moisture Contents on Terminal Velocity
Authors: Zahra AI , Bintoro N 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Terminal velocity (Vt) is one of the important parameters often required in the pneumatics processes of some postharvest activities. This value is influenced by many factors such as grain type and shape, moisture content, etc. and this is still very difficult to find in Indonesian references. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effect of types and moisture contents on the terminal velocity of rice. Three rice types namely Javanica (Oryza sativa subsp. Javanica), Japonica (Oryza sativa subsp. Japonica), and Indica (Oryza sativa subsp. Indica) with 9%, 14%, and 19% (w.b) moisture contents (M) were investigated in factorial design 3 × 3 with three replications for each treatment combinations. Terminal velocity values were measured using a hot wire anemometer in a self-constructed apparatus. The results showed that rice types and moisture contents strongly affected the terminal velocity (p < 0.05), however, there was no significant types and moisture contents’ interaction effect on the terminal velocity. Japonica was found to have the largest terminal velocity and Indica had the smallest. The relationship between the moisture content and terminal velocity was expressed as Vt= 0.060M+8.084, Vt= 0.061M+7.676 and Vt= 0.083M+7.056 for Japonica, Javanica, and Indica respectively.
Effect of different concentrations of sodium chloride and soy protein isolate with mono- and diglycerides/corn oil on physical properties and stability of w/o/w double emulsion
Authors: Nahak M H , Dirpan A , Tawali A B , Syarifuddin A 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The successful fabrication of double emulsion is determined by the ingredients or the process. The aim of the study was to determine the effects of sodium chloride and soy protein isolate with addition of mono-and diglycerides/corn oil on physical and stability of emulsion. Model emulsions with different concentration of sodium chloride (0.5% and 1.5%) and soy protein isolate (1% and 3%) with addition of mono-and diglycerides/corn oil (ratio 1:1) were prepared. Physical properties and stability of double emulsion were characterized by viscosity, emulsion stability, pH, and color. The results showed that the stability of double emulsion was significantly affected (p < 0.05) by the interaction between sodium chloride and soy protein isolate, whereas pH and viscosity were affected only by the concentration of soy protein isolate. However, double emulsion containing 1.5% of sodium chloride and 3% of soy protein isolate (SPI) with addition of mono-and diglycerides/corn oil showed the highest stability in comparing with emulsion containing 0.5% of sodium chloride and 3% of SPI.
Factors Affecting Household Income in the Post-Empowerment of Small-Scale Fishermen Wives
Authors: Rahim A , Rossali W , Laapo A , Sabar W , Syam U , Rijal S 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Post-empowerment, the wife of small-scale fishermen, can affect changes in household economic incomes. This study aims to assess the factors that affect household income after the empowerment of fisherwomen. Furthermore, a multiple linear regression estimation model was used in this study. The results showed that fishermen’s wife’s household income after empowerment is influenced by wife’s age, education, and the number of active family members. On the other hand, the number of dependent household members and regional differences had no significant influence. In addition, improving the household economics of fishermen can be further enhanced through the skills needed to process processed fish by providing market intelligence for the sustainability of their business.
On the derived models of self-iterable universes
Authors: Gappo Takehiko , Sargsyan Grigor 
Published: August 2021

We show that if the universe is self-iterable and

κ
\kappa

is an inaccessible limit of Woodin cardinal then

A
D

R

+
“
Θ

\mathsf {AD}_{\mathbb {R}}+“\Theta

is regular” holds in the derived model at

κ
\kappa

. The proof is fine-structure free, and only assumes basic knowledge of iteration trees and iteration strategies. Our proof can be viewed as the fine-structure free version of the well-known fact that

A
D

R

+
“
Θ

\mathsf {AD}_{\mathbb {R}}+“\Theta

is regular” is true in the derived models of hod mice that have inaccessible limit of Woodin cardinals (see for example Sargsyan [Mem. Amer. Math. Soc. 236 (2015), p. viii+172]). However, the proof uses a different set of ideas and is more general.
Expansion of the rareEucalyptus risdoniiunder climate change through hybridization with a closely related species despite hybrid inferiority
Authors: Pfeilsticker T R , Jones R C , Steane D A , Harrison P A , Vaillancourt R E , Potts B M 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsHybridization is increasingly recognized as an integral part of the dynamics of species range expansion and contraction. Thus, it is important to understand the reproductive barriers between co-occurring species. Extending previous studies that argued that the rare Eucalyptus risdonii was expanding into the range of the surrounding E. amygdalina by both seed and pollen dispersal, we here investigate the long-term fitness of both species and their hybrids and whether expansion is continuing.MethodsWe assessed the survival of phenotypes representing a continuum between the two pure species in a natural hybrid swarm after 29 years, along with seedling recruitment. The performance of pure species as well as of artificial and natural hybrids was also assessed over 28 years in a common garden trial.Key ResultsIn the hybrid zone, E. amygdalina adults showed greater mortality than E. risdonii, and the current seedling cohort is still dominated by E. risdonii phenotypes. Morphologically intermediate individuals appeared to be the least fit. Similar results were observed after growing artificial first-generation and natural hybrids alongside pure species families in a common garden trial. Here, the survival, reproduction, health and growth of the intermediate hybrids were significantly less than those of either pure species, consistent with hybrid inferiority, although this did not manifest until later reproductive ages. Among the variable progeny of natural intermediate hybrids, the most E. risdonii-like phenotypes were the most fit.ConclusionsThis study contributes to the increasing number of reports of hybrid inferiority in Eucalyptus, suggesting that post-zygotic barriers contribute to the maintenance of species integrity even between closely related species. However, with fitness rapidly recovered following backcrossing, it is argued that hybridization can still be an important evolutionary process, in the present case appearing to contribute to the range expansion of the rare E. risdonii in response to climate change.
So close, so far: spatial genetic structure and mating system inPetunia exserta, an endemic from a peculiar landscape in the Brazilian Pampa grasslands
Authors: Turchetto Caroline , Segatto Ana Lúcia Anversa , Lima Jacqueline S , Hartke Sara , Reck-Kortmann Maikel , Bonatto Sandro L , Freitas Loreta B 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGene flow via seed or pollen dispersal is fundamental for establishing population diversity and structure of plants, especially in naturally fragmented environments. Petunia exserta (Solanaceae) is endemic to small shelters in rocky towers in the Brazilian Pampa grassland, an ancient and isolated region. The landscape is a long-term fragmented habitat, and ecological conditions inside the shelters constitute an inhospitable environment for other Petunia spp., which usually inhabit open and sunny grasslands. We aimed to evaluate the mating system and gene flow impact on genetic diversity and population structure in P. exserta throughout its geographical range. We used eight microsatellite markers to employ fine-scale genetic structure and paternity analyses in 15 populations, including 361 adults and 244 progeny. Our results showed that P. exserta has low genetic diversity and a homozygous excess compared with its congeners. We identified four genetic clusters that did not reflect the spatial population distribution and a strong genetic structure at the first spatial distance. Pollen and seed dispersal mainly occurred at short distances, and the species has a mixed mating system with high selfing levels. We did not observe recent population reduction, and most population clusters showed a small effective population size. The landscape micro-habitat features contribute to pollen flow that occurs mainly inside shelters through geitonogamy or biparental inbreeding. The self-compatible status of P. exserta and related lineages could be important in the colonization of a new environment for the genus.
Diagnostic Value of Nucleocapsid Protein in Blood for SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Zhang Yu , Ong Chui Mei , Yun Cassandra , Mo Weike , Whitman Jeffery D , Lynch Kara L , Wu Alan H B 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
Biomarkers have been widely explored for coronavirus disease 2019 diagnosis. Both viral RNA or antigens (Ag) in the respiratory system and antibodies (Ab) in blood are used to identify active infection, transmission risk, and immune response but have limitations. This study investigated the diagnostic utility of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) nucleocapsid protein (N-Ag) in serum.

Methods
We retrospectively studied 208 randomly selected cases with SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed by viral RNA test in swabs. N-Ag concentrations were measured in remnant serum samples, compared to viral RNA or Ab results, and correlated to electronic health records for clinical value evaluation.

Results
Serum N-Ag was detected during active infection as early as day 2 from symptom onset with a diagnostic sensitivity of 81.5%. Within 1 week of symptom onset, the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity reached 90.9% (95% CI, 85.1%–94.6%) and 98.3% (95% CI, 91.1%–99.9%), respectively. Moreover, serum N-Ag concentration closely correlated to disease severity, reflected by highest level of care, medical interventions, chest imaging, and the length of hospital stays. Longitudinal analysis revealed the simultaneous increase of Abs and decline of N-Ag.

Conclusions
Serum N-Ag is a biomarker for SARS-CoV-2 acute infection with high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity compared to viral RNA in the respiratory system. There is a correlation between serum N-Ag concentrations and disease severity and an inverse relationship of N-Ag and Abs. The diagnostic value of serum N-Ag, as well as technical and practical advantages it could offer, may meet unsatisfied diagnostic and prognostic needs during the pandemic.
Measuring Receptive ASL Skills in Novice Signers and Nonsigners
Authors: Hall Matthew L , Reidies Jess A 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We tested the utility of two standardized measures of receptive skills in American Sign Language (ASL) in hearing adults who are novice signers: the ASL Comprehension Test (ASL-CT; Hauser, P. C., Paludneviciene, R., Riddle, W., Kurz, K. B., Emmorey, K., & Contreras, J. (2016). American Sign Language Comprehension Test: A tool for sign language researchers. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 21(1), 64–69. https://doi.org/10.1093/deafed/env051) and the ASL Receptive Skills Test (ASL-RST; Allen, T. E., & Enns, C. (2013). A psychometric study of the ASL Receptive Skills Test when administered to deaf 3-, 4-, and 5-year-old children. Sign Language Studies, 14(1), 58–79. https://doi.org/10.1353/sls.2015.0006; Enns, C. J., & Herman, R. C. (2011). Adapting the Assessing British Sign Language Development: Receptive Skills Test into American Sign Language. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 16(3), 362–374. https://doi.org/10.1093/deafed/enr004). We also administered these tests to hearing nonsigners, with the goal of identifying items where the correct answer can be readily deduced through iconicity and/or test-taking skills, even by people with no prior ASL knowledge. We predicted that removing such items would strengthen the correlation between test score and ASL experience (as measured by semesters of instruction). We found that this relationship was stronger for the ASL-CT than the ASL-RST in this population, but still weaker than previously reported, and not substantially improved by any item selection strategy that we employed.
QTL mapping in outbred tetraploid (and diploid) diallel populations
Authors: Amadeu Rodrigo R , Muñoz Patricio R , Zheng Chaozhi , Endelman Jeffrey B 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Over the last decade, multiparental populations have become a mainstay of genetics research in diploid species. Our goal was to extend this paradigm to autotetraploids by developing software for quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping in connected F1 populations derived from a set of shared parents. For QTL discovery, phenotypes are regressed on the dosage of parental haplotypes to estimate additive effects. Statistical properties of the model were explored by simulating half-diallel diploid and tetraploid populations with different population sizes and numbers of parents. Across scenarios, the number of progeny per parental haplotype (pph) largely determined the statistical power for QTL detection and accuracy of the estimated haplotype effects. Multiallelic QTL with heritability 0.2 were detected with 90% probability at 25 pph and genome-wide significance level 0.05, and the additive haplotype effects were estimated with over 90% accuracy. Following QTL discovery, the software enables a comparison of models with multiple QTL and nonadditive effects. To illustrate, we analyzed potato tuber shape in a half-diallel population with three tetraploid parents. A well-known QTL on chromosome 10 was detected, for which the inclusion of digenic dominance lowered the Deviance Information Criterion (DIC) by 17 points compared to the additive model. The final model also contained a minor QTL on chromosome 1, but higher-order dominance and epistatic effects were excluded based on the DIC. In terms of practical impacts, the software is already being used to select offspring based on the effect and dosage of particular haplotypes in breeding programs.
SMN protein is required throughout life to prevent spinal muscular atrophy disease progression
Authors: Zhao Xin , Feng Zhihua , Risher Nicole , Mollin Anna , Sheedy Josephine , Ling Karen K Y , Narasimhan Jana , Dakka Amal , Baird John D , Ratni Hasane , Lutz Catherine , Chen Karen S , Naryshkin Nikolai A , Ko Chien-Ping , Welch Ellen , Metzger Friedrich , Weetall Marla 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is caused by the loss of the survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene function. The related SMN2 gene partially compensates but produces insufficient levels of SMN protein due to alternative splicing of exon 7. Evrysdi™ (risdiplam), recently approved for the treatment of SMA, and related compounds promote exon 7 inclusion to generate full-length SMN2 mRNA and increase SMN protein levels. SMNΔ7 type I SMA mice survive without treatment for ~17 days. SMN2 mRNA splicing modulators increase survival of SMN∆7 mice with treatment initiated at postnatal day 3 (PND3). To define SMN requirements for adult mice, SMNΔ7 mice were dosed with an SMN2 mRNA splicing modifier from PND3 to PND40, then dosing was stopped. Mice not treated after PND40 showed progressive weight loss, necrosis, and muscle atrophy after ~20 days. Male mice presented a more severe phenotype than female mice. Mice dosed continuously did not show disease symptoms. The estimated half-life of SMN protein is 2 days indicating that the SMA phenotype reappeared after SMN protein levels returned to baseline. Although SMN protein levels decreased with age in mice and SMN protein levels were higher in brain than in muscle, our studies suggest that SMN protein is required throughout the life of the mouse and is especially essential in adult peripheral tissues including muscle. These studies indicate that drugs such as risdiplam will be optimally therapeutic when given as early as possible after diagnosis and potentially will be required for the life of an SMA patient.
What Is a Flare? The Manitoba Living With IBD Study
Authors: Witges Kelcie , Sexton Kathryn , Graff Lesley A , Targownik Laura E , Lix Lisa M , Haviva Clove , Stone James , Shafer Leigh Anne , Vagianos Kathy , Bernstein Charles N 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundFlare is a poorly defined term used by patients and clinicians to indicate inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) status. This study aimed to evaluate the validity of a single-item 7-point flare indicator relative to other measures of disease flare.MethodsThe longitudinal Manitoba Living with IBD Study followed persons with IBD for 1 year; they completed biweekly online surveys and provided 3 stool samples. Disease flare on a single-item flare indicator with 7 possible responses developed for the study was defined by report of symptoms as “moderately” or “much” worse. The flare indicator was evaluated against 5 measures of disease activity: fecal calprotectin score (FCAL), a 2-point disease status indicator, a 4-point flare certainty indicator, the IBD Symptom Index short form (SIBDSI), and the short form IBD Questionnaire (SIBDQ). Participants in a flare, based on the 7-point measure, were matched to a nonflaring participant, and a stool sample was collected.ResultsOf the 155 IBD participants, almost half (n = 74) experienced a flare. Of those who flared, 97.0% endorsed active IBD on the 2-point indicator (controls 42.5%; P &lt; .001); 91.9% endorsed active IBD on the 4-point certainty indicator (controls 32.9%; P &lt; .001); 90.5% endorsed active disease on the SIBDSI (controls 34.2%; P &lt; .001); and 48.5% had an elevated FCAL (controls 34.3%; P &lt; .05). The mean SIBDQ was lower for the flare group compared with controls (43.9 [SD 11.1] vs 58.3 [SD 8.5]; P &lt; .001), indicating worse disease.ConclusionsThe 7-point flare indicator robustly identified symptomatic flares. This patient self-report indicator reflected meaningful changes in more complex clinical indices and had only weak concordance with the presence of inflammation.
Mobile health technology to improve maternal health awareness in tribal populations: mobile for mothers
Authors: Choudhury Avishek , Asan Onur , Choudhury Murari M 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Mobile health (mHealth) applications have the potential to improve health awareness. This study reports a quasi-controlled intervention to augment maternal health awareness among tribal pregnant mothers through the mHealth application. Households from 2 independent villages with similar socio-demographics in tribal regions of India were selected as intervention (Village A) and control group (Village B). The control group received government mandated programs through traditional means (orally), whereas the intervention group received the same education through mHealth utilization. Postintervention, awareness about tetanus injections and consumption of iron tablets was significantly (P &lt; .001) improved in the intervention group by 55% and 58%, respectively. Awareness about hygiene significantly (P &lt; .001) increased by 57.1%. In addition, mothers in the intervention group who recognized vaginal bleeding, severe abdominal pain, severe blurring of vision, or convulsions as danger signs during pregnancy significantly (P &lt; .001) increased by 18.30%, 23.2%, 20.0%, and 4.90%, respectively. Our study indicates that despite the low literacy of users, mHealth intervention can improve maternal health awareness among tribal communities.
Laws, Markets, and Local Politics Drive Outcomes of Minnesota’s County Managed Forests
Authors: Fleischman Forrest , Schmitz Marissa , Poljacik Kelsey 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThere are frequently calls to increase local government control over forests in the US. Minnesota’s county forests contain approximately 30% of all local-government-managed forests in the United States. These forests are managed in ways that protect public access while providing a stable timber supply to mills. This happens because of the intersection of law, markets, and local politics. County forests are legally obligated to provide revenue to local tax districts while paying for management from money earned from timber sales. This pushes counties towards managing with the goal of providing a stable revenue stream from their lands, a goal that is supported by local politics in timber-dependent counties. The result is that counties are more production-oriented than other public forestland managers; however, they provide more consistent public access than private forest owners.
Radio continuum sources behind the Large Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Filipović M D , Bojičić I S , Grieve K R , Norris R P , Tothill N F H , Shobhana D , Rudnick L , Prandoni I , Andernach H , Hurley-Walker N , Alsaberi R Z E , Anderson C S , Collier J D , Crawford E J , For B-Q , Galvin T J , Haberl F , Hopkins A M , Ingallinera A , Kavanagh P J , Koribalski B S , Kothes R , Leahy D , Leverenz H , Maggi P , Maitra C , Marvil J , Pannuti T G , Park L A F , Payne J L , Pennock C M , Riggi S , Rowell G , Sano H , Sasaki M , Staveley-Smith L , Trigilio C , Umana G , Urošević D , van Loon J Th , Vardoulaki E 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
We present a comprehensive multifrequency catalogue of radio sources behind the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) between 0.2 and 20 GHz, gathered from a combination of new and legacy radio continuum surveys. This catalogue covers an area of ∼144 deg2 at angular resolutions from 45 arcsec to ∼3 arcmin. We find 6434 discrete radio sources in total, of which 3789 are detected at two or more radio frequencies. We estimate the median spectral index (α; where Sv ∼ να) of α = −0.89 and mean of −0.88 ± 0.48 for 3636 sources detected exclusively at two frequencies (0.843 and 1.384 GHz) with similar resolution [full width at half-maximum (FWHM) ∼40–45 arcsec]. The large frequency range of the surveys makes it an effective tool to investigate Gigahertz Peak Spectrum (GPS), Compact Steep Spectrum (CSS), and Infrared Faint Radio Source (IFRS) populations within our sample. We find 10 GPS candidates with peak frequencies near 5 GHz, from which we estimate their linear size. 1866 sources from our catalogue are CSS candidates with α &lt; −0.8. We found six candidates for High Frequency Peaker (HFP) sources, whose radio fluxes peak above 5 GHz and no sources with unconstrained peaks and α &gt; 0.5. We found optical counterparts for 343 of the radio continuum sources, of which 128 have a redshift measurement. Finally, we investigate the population of 123 IFRSs found in this study.