bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contribution of CO2 emission from litter decomposition in an oil palm plantation on tropical peatland
Authors: Wakhid N , Hirano T 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Soil carbon dioxide (CO2) emission consists of peat decomposition, root respiration, and litter decomposition. Although there are some publications on soil respiration in oil palm plantations, information of CO2 emission from palm litter (frond) decomposition is still limited. Therefore, our objective was to estimate the CO2 emission from frond decomposition in an oil palm plantation on tropical peat. The study was conducted in a smallholder oil palm plantation with two different cultivars (M and S) on peat in Jambi, Indonesia, using meshed litter bags of 40 cm x 80 cm. The temporal pattern of carbon loss was similar to that of dry weight loss, following a negative exponential. Annual carbon inputs through pruned fronds into the plantation were 189 and 281g C m−2 year−1, respectively, for M and S cultivars. Annual CO2 emissions through oxidative frond decomposition were estimated to be 98 and 153 g C m−2 year−1 for M and S cultivars, respectively. The annual CO2 emission from oil palm litter decomposition accounted for about 13% of soil heterotrophic respiration of oil palm plantations on tropical peatland.
The cellulolytic activity and symbiotic potential of dark septate endophytic fungus Phialocephala fortinii to promote non-mycorrhizal plants growth
Authors: Surono  , Narisawa K 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe endophytic fungi have attracted much attention to investigating their ability to degrade cellulose and promote plant growth as double functional roles. The objective of this study was to investigate the cellulase activity and the ability of dark septate endophytic fungus (DSE)Phialocephala fortiniito promote non-mycorrhizal plants. This study consisted of carboxy-methylcellulose degradation activity of DSE isolates, cellulase activity, and the effect of cellulolytic DSE to promote non-mycorrhizal plants growth assays. The results showedP. fortiniiIII.Pi.I8 had the largest cellulolytic index thanP. fortiniiCKG.II.10.1 andP. eryngiifor 7 days of incubation time. The cellulase activity pattern of allP. fortiniiisolates was rather similar toP. eryngiifor the incubation time of 7 to 35 days.Phialocephala fortiniiIII.Pi.I8, CKG.II.10.1, and CKG.I.11 increased the growth ofBrassica oleraceavar.capitataby 7.63, 92.5, and 47.7%, andSpinacia oleraceaby 58.5, 283, and 303%, respectively, over to the control plant. Heavy colonization ofP. fortiniioccurred both inB. oleraceavar.capitataandS. oleracearoots. This study proved that althoughP. fortiniihas cellulase activity but did not cause disease symptoms in non-mycorrhizal plants so that it can potentially be multifunctional as cellulose decomposer and plant growth promoter.
Exploration of Mycorrhiza from Lombok soils in media sterilized by gamma irradiation and their effect on Sorghum plants
Authors: Nurrobifahmi  , Citraresmini A , Bachtiar T , Flatian A N , Hanani M , Slamet S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Mycorrhiza which plays a role in increasing P uptake of plants and also as a soil amendment to rehabilitate degraded lands. This research was conducted with the aim of isolating, characterizing, and purifying mycorrhiza from two different soil types. The results showed that the mycorrhiza species found were Glomus etunicatum, Gigaspora margarita, Sclerocytis rubiformis. A completely randomized design (CRD) consisted of 6 treatments were applied into two types of soil, was Lombok soil and Parung soil. Each treatment was repeated 3 times, so that there were 36 experimental units. Treatments given were as follow: (1) Without mycorrhiza and without P source (Control); (2) fertilizer SP-36; (3) Mycofer mycorrhiza; (4) Mycofer Mycorrhiza + SP 36 fertilizer; (5) Mikorbi mycorrhiza from Lombok; (6) Mikorbi mycorrhiza from Lombok + SP 36 fertilizer. The results showed that combination mikorbi mycorrhiza and fertilizer SP 36 on Parung soil can increase stover production by 57.35% compared to control, by 9.73% compared to the mycofer mycorrhiza and fertilizer SP 36. The results showed that mycorrhiza is suitable to use in soils with low P content, so that they could help increase the availability of P in the soil and be easily absorbed by plants.
Soil fertility evaluation and quality of gambier (Uncaria gambir Roxb) in Kundur, Kepulauan Riau
Authors: Asmarhansyah  , Hafif B 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Gambier is the main export commodity of Kepulauan Riau and its quality is highly affected by soil and climate characteristics. The research aim was to study potency of gambier crop based on the soil fertility evaluation and the quality of gambier products in Kundur, Kepulauan Riau. Study was conducted in Kundur Island, Kepulauan Riau from June to October 2018. The study method was a survey to characterize the land, identify the performance of gambier crop, and collect secondary data and gambier product samples. Results revealed that low to moderate soil fertility of the study area was indicated by low soil pH, total-N, P2O5, and K2O, low to moderate soil organic C and low to very low Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, and CEC, sandy loam to sand clay loam soil texture. Evapotranspiration of productive gambier crop is moderately high causing water deficit in January, February, and March. Based on SNI, catechin content of gambier product from West and North Kundur (52.98 and 50.14%) meet the Quality Standard 2, while from Kundur (13.19%) does not meet both Quality Standard 1 and 2. The study areas have a potency for developing gambier crop by providing fertilizer and ameliorant, and applying technology of water supplement.
Integrated farming system of cattle and oil palm plantation increasing population and diversity of soil fauna in Ultisols soils
Authors: Niswati A , Romelah S , Dermiyati  , Tugiyono  
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Integrated farming system is an agricultural practice that must be done for sustainable agriculture. The objectives of the research were to compare the population and diversity of soil meso fauna in the oil palm plantations applying with integrated farming system of cattle and oil palm plantation (IFSCO) and without IFSCO (non-IFSCO) in Ultisols soil. The research was conducted in two oil palm plantations, i.e. oil palm plantation with IFSCO (5 ha) and without IFSCO (non-IFSCO) (5 ha) applications which were located in the Karya Makmur Village, Tulang Bawang District, Lampung, Indonesia. The research was arranged using surveys and with systematic methods for sampling soil, earthworm, and mesofauna. Population of earthworm and soil mesofauna were enumerated by hand sorting methods and trapped with Barlese-Tullgreen funnel, respectively. The results showed that the application of IFSCO had a higher population and biomass of earthworm as well as abundance and diversity of soil mesofauna than that non-IFSCO. There are two types of dominant earthworms and 12 species of mesofauna in IFSCO soil, and 9 species in that of non-IFSCO. Several physical and chemical properties of soils are positively correlated with the presence of these soil fauna.
Application of Mycorrhiza-based biofertilizer to increase yields of several varieties of small chili intercropped with peanut or shallot
Authors: Wangiyana W , Jaya I K D , Suheri H 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMycorrhiza application in the nursery was reported to increase yield of “Dewata F1” chili in the field. This study aimed to examine the effect of mycorrhiza application in the nursery and intercropping with peanut or shallot in the field on growth and yield of several varieties of small chili. The experiment was arranged according to Split Split-Plot Design with three treatment factors, namely chili varieties as the main plots (V1=“Siung”, V2=“Sret”, V3=“Dewata F1”, V4=“Pelita F1”), mycorrhiza as the subplots (M0=without; M1=with mycorrhiza application), and intercropping as the sub-subplots (T0=monocrop, T1=intercropping with peanut, T2=intercropping with shallot). Results indicated that variety differences significantly affected all observation variables; so, did intercropping except for individual fruit weight, while mycorrhiza application significantly increased chili plant height, leaf number, fruit number, and fruit yield per plant. However, there were three-way interactions on fruit number and yield, with the highest fruit yield (55.96 g plant−1) was in “Dewata F1” chili biofertilized with mycorrhiza and intercropped with shallot, and the lowest average (7.72 g plant−1) was in monocropped “Sret” chili without mycorrhiza application. Therefore, nursery application of mycorrhiza is very important for high yield of chili in the field.
Effect of NPK fertilizer incorporation on the characteristics of Nanocellulose-based hydrogel
Authors: Winarti C , Sasmitaloka K S , Arif A B 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Hydrogels are cross-linked polymers networks with high absorbing water capacity and good biocompatibility. It has been widely used as an agrochemical delivery system as well to increase the efficiency of fertilizer by releasing lower dose at a time thus protecting the environment. This research aims was to study the effect of NPK fertilizer concentration on hydrogel characteristics. The raw material used in this study was corn cobs nanocellulose. The experiment was set up in one way completely randomized design with various kinds of dose fertilizes (0, 5, 10, and 15%) with three replicates. Parameters observed were swelling ratio, moisture content, nitrogen content, potassium content, phosphorus content, texture and surface morphology. The enriched hydrogel was applied as a soil conditioner and fertilizer for chili crops. The results of analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the various kinds of dose fertilizer significantly influenced their physicochemical properties (p<0.05). The higher the fertilizer concentration added, the lower the swelling ratio. The addition of fertilizer with dose 5% resulted the highest swelling ratio. This product consists of 15.82% moisture content, 1.81% of nitrogen content, 1.57% of potassium content, 0.04% of phosphorus content, and 25.17 mJ of hardness.
Application of ameliorants for of ex-tin mining soil improvement and increasing corn (Zea mays) yield
Authors: Ethika A P W , Mulyanto B , Asmarhansyah  , Subiksa I G M , Agus F 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Ex-tin mining land is a degraded land with low soil fertility and poor soil physical properties. The research aimed to find the best ameliorant for the improvement of ex-tin mining soil and corn yield. This experiment, conducted in Bangka Belitung Province, Indonesia, used a Randomized Block Design with 7 treatments and 4 replications: control, 20 t ha−1 biochar, 20 t ha−1 cattle manure, 20 t ha−1 mucuna compost, 10 t ha−1 biochar+10 t ha−1 cattle manure, 10 t ha−1 biochar+10 t ha−1 mucuna compost, and 10 t ha−1 cattle manure+10 t ha−1 mucuna compost. The corn variety used was Sukmaraga. The application of ameliorant significantly increased soil chemical properties (pH, potential and available P, potential and exch-K, exch-Ca, exch-Mg, exch-Na, and base saturation) and growth and yield of corn. The corn yield from the 20 t ha−1 biochar treatment was higher than that of the control, but was not significantly different from the other treatments. The single application of 20 t ha−1 biochar and the application of 10 t ha−1 biochar in combination with either 10 t ha−1 cattle manure or 10 t ha−1 mucuna compost resulted in the best soil chemical improvement and crop yields.
Evaluation of the use of plant organic components and probiotics on ruminal characteristics and as a decrease of methane
Authors: Anggraeny Y N , Pamungkas D , Mariyono  , Krishna N H , Antari R , Putri A S , Apriliza M N 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The reduction of CH4 from the digestive tract of ruminants can be done through the use of organic components of plants such as tannins and saponins and the use of probiotics. This study aims to evaluate the addition of organic components and probiotics to the characteristics of rumen fluid and its ability to reduce CH4 in Ongole Cross Breed (PO) cattle. Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria) leaf meal and Trembesi (Samanea saman) leaf meal are used as organic components due to their tannin and saponin content. Probiotics contain Acetoanaerobium notarae and Saccharomyces cereviseae. This research used total mixed ration as a feed. A total of 24 heads PO cattle were divided into 4 treatments, ie T1 = control treatment; T2 = T1 + organic components, T3 = T1 + Probiotics and T4 = T1 + organic components + probiotics. The research design was a randomized block design. The combination treatment of the addition of organic components and probiotic caused a decrease in the ratio of acetic acid to propionic acid (C
2
:C3), percentage of acetic acid, the concentration of CO2 and CH4, but increases the percentage of propionate acid. The combination of organic components and probiotics is the greatest decrease in CH4 production from enteric fermentation.
Soil organic carbon and total nitrogen dynamics in paddy soils on the Java Island, Indonesia
Authors: Wibowo H , Kasno A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Soil organic carbon is one of the soil quality parameters. Soil organic carbon and total nitrogen play an important role in soil physicochemical fertility. The purpose of this paper was to observe the dynamics of organic matter and nitrogen content in paddy soil in Java. Data is obtained from the collection of various research results since 1990, then to analyze the correlation between the chemical properties of the soil. Out of 860 data in five provinces in Java showed a strong correlation between soil organic carbon content and total nitrogen. More than 77% of the paddy soil in Java have low soil organic carbon content as well as more than 80% have a low total nitrogen content. The positive correlation between soil organic carbon content and total nitrogen is quite strong. Correlation coefficients were 0.842 in Banten, 0.900 in West Java 0.895 in Central Java, 0.798 in East Java and 0.898 in Yogyakarta. From this linear regression can be seen that the higher the soil organic carbon content, the ability of the soil to retain nitrogen will also be higher. We can manage soil fertility, especially the nitrogen availability in the soil by maintaining the soil organic matter content.
The comparison of numerous machine learning algorithms performance in classifying rice growth stages based on Sentinel-2 to enhance crop monitoring in national level
Authors: Ramadhani F , Koswara M R S , Apriyana Y , Harmanto  
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The rice monitoring based on Sentinel-2 (SC-S2) has been developed for over nine months. It has been observed as the first and only system which generate rice growth stages maps in 10 m spatial resolution using machine learning in Indonesia. However, the SC-S2 use Support Vector Machine to separate the rice growth stages, which may have poor performances. The objective of this study is to investigate the performance of other classifiers to increase the performance of SC-S2. We used survey data from the field campaign in 2018 and synchronized with Sentinel-2 bands. The model dataset was trained using 61 machine learning algorithms to create 61 rice growth stages models. The models were applied to the Sentinel-2 image of part of Indramayu area. The accuracy, computational time and visual inspection score were collected, and the final score was calculated. The results are the highest final score is Shrinkage Discriminant Analysis, with overall accuracy 88.1% (p<0.001) and the average accuracy of all classifiers is 76.2% (p<0.05). The implication of this study is to propose some changes in the classification process into the SC-S2 for increasing the overall performance, which will provide better information for agricultural policymakers.
Monitoring catastrophic ground collapse of urban roads with permanent curbside electrode arrays
Authors: Yang Dikun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Active underground constructions and leaking utility pipelines in urban areas can seriously undermine the foundation of roads. Deadly collapse of road surface may suddenly happen if the soil under pavement is washed away. This paper proposes a permanent and economical monitoring approach based on the electric resistivity method. By exploiting the intrinsic volume effect in electric exploration, electrode arrays installed on curbside can be used to detect developing cavities beneath road surface. I present a fast survey scheme with the ability of focusing current paths on high-risk areas. This new method is numerically tested on some synthetic resistivity models that are snapshots of a randomly-grown cavity at a road intersection. The modelled data show that decent data anomalies can be measured at favorably-coupled electrode positions, and the daily variation of the acquired electric field data may forecast the critical moment of pavement failure. The numerical results encourage further field work to be carried out to validate this curbside monitoring idea.
Optimization and design of wide-band and low-noise air-core coil sensor for TEM system
Authors: Pi Shuai , Yan Fuxue , Zhang Yang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The effective bandwidth and background noise of the sensor are important factors to the performance of TEM, especially in the detection of urban underground space. The limitation of the size of coils further reduces the bandwidth and sensitivity of the sensor, resulting in the distortion of high-frequency signal from ultra-shallow and the loss of weak signal from deep. In order to solve this problem, by establishing the physical model of the induction air-core coil sensor, a method of winding wire which reduces the parasitic parameters of the air-core coil is proposed to improve the bandwidth and sensitivity of system. Combined with theoretical simulation, the components of noise and parasitic parameters of the air-core coil sensor were analyzed, and the system was optimized. An air-core coil sensor with an effective bandwidth of 783 kHz and an equivalent noise of about 2.45 nV/

Hz

was obtained. The new sensor effectively improves the detection capability of TEM system for high-frequency secondary field signal, which has positive significance for the application of TEM in urban underground space.
Research on Comprehensive Exploration Technology of Underground Soil Karst Cave
Authors: Xi Jianjun , Cui Dandan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Underground soi-karst caves are widely developed in China, especially in the southwestern region, and are relatively typical geological structures in limestone areas. It may cause adverse geological disasters such as landslides, ground fissures, ground collapses, mountain collapses, karst leaks, water loss, water inrush and mud out of mine pits, etc., which bring great hidden dangers to the survey and construction of foundation engineering. We analyze the mechanism of bad geological bodies for underground soil-karst caves, discuss the characteristics of several commonly used geophysical prospecting techniques for soil-karst cave exploration, such as high-density resistivity method, five-pole electric sounding method, and geological radar. Through the engineering examples, it is shown that the location and distribution of soil-karst caves can be effectively detected by using the above comprehensive exploration techniques, which take advantage of the differences in the electrical and magnetic properties of soil-karst caves.
A Study on the Relationship Between the Detection Distance of Borehole Radar and the Resistivity of Background Medium
Authors: Yan Weicun , Liu Sixin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Borehole radar has been widely used in engineering, exploration and other fields, and the detection distance of borehole radar is an important indicator to measure its performance. The detection distance of borehole radar is affected by many factors, including the radar system, the physical properties of background medium, the borehole environment and so on. In this paper, the relationship between the detection distance of the borehole radar and the resistivity of background medium is studied by numerical simulation. The experimental results show that the detection distance of borehole radar increases with the increase of the resistivity of background medium, and the relationship between them is approximately linear. This kind of simulation is helpful to the theoretical study of the borehole radar.
Study on the Anisotropy of Formation Resistivity by Dual Controlled-source Electromagnetic Sounding
Authors: Gao Shude , Luo Weibin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We proposed a method to obtain the anisotropy of formation resistivity by dual controlled-source electromagnetic sounding. The two field sources are arranged in two orthogonal directions outside the measuring area: the two grounded dipole sources excite two uncorrelated signals current step by step alternately, and record the current into time series; At sounding station of survey area, the orthogonal horizontal electric field response signals or the vertical magnetic field response signals were recorded into time series; according to the recorded current time series, As well as the time series of electromagnetic response signal, and the parameters of working layouts such as transceiver distance and so on, the whole zone apparent resistivity of the sounding station were calculated by circular cross-correlation system identification method, and then the anisotropy coefficient of the formation resistivity was calculated according to the whole zone apparent resistivity. This method has the advantages of fewer observation components, simple processing, strong anti-interference ability, and high working efficiency.
Rotational Signal Characteristics of a Point Source
Authors: Cao Yujia , Teng Yuntian , Li Zhengbin , Zhang Dingfan , Zeng Weiyi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Most of the previous seismic observation and analysis are still focused on the application of three orthogonal translation components. Because of lack of records of rotational motion, the seismic wavefield can not be completely described. We use an A-SM-2km rotation seismograph directly measure the rotation signals of ground motion and analyz them by short-time Fourier transform. The results show that the characteristic of the rotating component as the station spacing increase presents high-frequency attenuation.
Three-component response of transient electromagnetic method
Authors: Yu Chuantao , Xue Guoqiang , Liu Xinyue , Yang Yong , Yang Huiming 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Based on the three-component TEM forward simulation, through varying the dip angle and strike of underground target, changing overburden conditions, three-component response characteristics were analyzed. According to the three-component responses, the geometric features (the position, size, and occurrence) of anomalous body can be determined. The extreme points of the X and Y component response curves reflect the boundary of the tabular body; the zero-crossing point of the curves corresponds to the center of the tabular body. According to the range size of X and Y component curves, and the position of extreme points and zero-crossing points, the dip angle and extension direction and the center of the tabular body can be determined.