bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving membrane filtration performance through time series analysis
Authors: Wu Jun Jie 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFor ultrafiltration, and membrane filtration more generally, the quantitative determination of the modes of fouling remains a subject of great interest. Herein an integral method for determining the modes from a time series of volumetric flux $$J\left(t\right)$$

J

t

is given and illustrated with previously published filtration data of bergamot juice (Ruby-Figueroa et al (J Membr Sci 524:108-116, 2017)). The integral method of fouling analysis has the potential to become the cornerstone of a robust empirical process. In addition to determining, in a clear-cut manner, the point at which there is a switch from one mode to another, the robust methodology yields characteristic $$J\left(t\right)$$

J

t

equation for each mode that are an excellent fit to the data. The emphasis is upon the creation of a robust methodology which is best viewed as being a semi-empirical method that is indicative of the modes of fouling. For the example chosen, the initial 4 L/m2 generates some pore blocking after which the main mode of fouling is cake build-up. The variation of overall resistance with time is also informative and analysis of this series was used to check the result for the initial phase of fouling as determined from the time series of volumetric flux. A comparison against the ARIMA (Autoregressive integrated moving average) method, which has never been previously undertaken, is given herein. The integral method of fouling analysis was found to be superior, in part because of the quality of fit to the data and in part because it enables one to establish whether the initial fouling is different in character from the subsequent fouling. Having this information can improve membrane selection and overall membrane filtration performance.
Colonial Petitions, Colonial Petitioners, and the Imperial Parliament, ca. 1780–1918
Authors: Huzzey Richard , Miller Henry 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPetitioning was a common form of protest, request, or expression across the British Empire, and historians of colonial rule and resistance have often drawn on petitions as sources to investigate particular controversies. This article assesses the significance, variety, and context of petitioning to the Imperial Parliament from both the British Isles and the colonies. To do so, we present new data drawn from more than one million petitions sent to the House of Commons in the period from 1780 to 1918, alongside qualitative research into a wider range of petitions to other metropolitan sources of authority. This range permits us to assess how colonial subjects across the empire demanded attention from Westminster and what the practice of petitioning reveals about the British self-image of parliamentary scrutiny and equality before the law.
Student and teacher perceptions of the value of Total War: Saga in motivating KS3 students in an all-boys state school
Authors: Cannatella Pietro 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper will investigate the efficacy of using game-based learning to increase motivation in Key Stage 3 boys (aged 11–14) at a single-sex, non-selective free school located in inner London. During observations of classes I have seen a spectrum of varying motivation in the classroom. As such, the aim of this game-inspired motivation should, as this paper will find, have a clearly demonstrable influence on their academic studies. This will be examined through measuring both an increase in intercultural communication competence and a desire to autodidactically research these historical and classical topics. Whilst the long-term effects of this research paper on its participants will not be properly understood for years to come, what can be currently measured, I hope, can offer genuine excitement in the area of digital games and motivation.
Temperatures of the Lacus Mortis Region of the Moon
Authors: Williams Jean‐Pierre , Greenhagen Benjamin T. , Bennett Kristen A. , Paige David A. , Kumari Nandita , Ahrens Caitlin J. , Rubanenko Lior , Powell Tyler M. , Prem Parvathy , Blewett David T. , Russell Patrick S. , Hayne Paul O. , Sullivan Mark T. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOver 11 years of data acquired by the Diviner Lunar Radiometer Experiment instrument aboard Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter have been compiled into a comprehensive data set of surface temperatures in the Lacus Mortis region which includes the landing ellipse of the Astrobotic Mission One lander mission. These data provide diurnal brightness temperatures at 128 pixels per degree (ppd) spatial resolution and 0.1 hr of local time resolution. From this data set, we highlight several features that display variations in radiative and thermophysical properties in the Lacus Mortis region and characterize the temperatures of the Astrobotic Mission One landing ellipse. We identify distinctly contrasting properties of materials in the walls of Bürg crater, hummocks of materials on the southeast margin of the mare basalts, and materials exposed or excavated by impacts. Additionally, we describe an exceptionally rocky fault scarp that predates the formation of Bürg crater suggesting the observed boulders are replenished on a timescale <1 Ga. Within the Astrobotic landing ellipse, temperatures are observed to range from ∼88 to ∼359 K with sunrise and sunset local times constrained to 5.8–6.3 hr and 17.8 and 18.1 hr respectively.
Proton Temperature Anisotropies in the Venus Plasma Environment During Solar Minimum and Maximum
Authors: Rojas Mata Sebastián , Stenberg Wieser Gabriella , Futaana Yoshifumi , Bader Alexander , Persson Moa , Fedorov Andrey , Zhang Tielong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe proton population in Venus' plasma environment is characterized during periods of solar minimum and maximum using data from a particle mass‐energy spectrometer. Such characterizations at different levels of solar activity provides physical insight into solar‐cycle‐dependent plasma phenomena around the planet, for example mirror modes in the magnetosheath. Statistical distributions of proton bulk speeds and temperatures are generated using a previously developed method which applies Maxwellian fits to measurements of the protons' velocity distribution function. Spatial maps and probability‐density histograms comparing the proton parameters between the two time periods are presented. The temperatures perpendicular (T⊥) and parallel (T∥) to the background magnetic field are found to be 20%–35% lower during solar maximum. Though the overall distributions of the temperature ratio T⊥/T∥ do not change, the regions with higher anisotropy (T⊥/T∥ > 1) are found farther downstream from the bow shock during solar maximum than minimum. This is consistent with the previously observed growth of mirror modes during solar maximum and their decay during minimum.
Spatial and Temporal Variability of Dissolved Organic Matter Molecular Composition in a Stratified Eutrophic Lake
Authors: Berg Stephanie M. , Peterson Benjamin D. , McMahon Katherine D. , Remucal Christina K. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDissolved organic matter (DOM) is an intermediate between organic carbon formed by primary producers and carbon dioxide (CO2) produced through respiration, making it a key component of the carbon cycle in aquatic ecosystems. Its composition influences the routes of mineralization. Here, we evaluate DOM composition as a function of time and depth in Lake Mendota, a highly productive eutrophic lake that stratifies in warm months and is located in Madison, Wisconsin, USA. Dissolved organic carbon concentrations and optical properties are presented for 73 samples collected at a single location at varying depths within the water column from June to November. A subset of samples is analyzed by Fourier transform‐ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT‐ICR MS) to investigate DOM composition at the molecular level. Temporally, increases in more oxidized formulas are observed in both the epilimnion and hypolimnion. At the surface, correlations between DOM formulas and both chlorophyll concentrations and light intensity show that photochemical reactions contribute to DOM oxidation. In the hypolimnion, redox conditions and interactions with sediments likely influence temporal compositional change. Our results show DOM composition varies with depth with more highly oxidized formulas identified deeper in the water column. However, DOM composition varies more temporally than by location within the water column. This work has implications for climate change as DOM photooxidation in lakes represents an understudied flux of CO2 to the atmosphere. Additionally, lake eutrophication is increasing due to warming temperatures and this data set yields detailed molecular information about DOM composition and processing in such lakes.
A Fast Monotone Discretization of the Rotating Shallow Water Equations
Authors: Roullet Guillaume , Gaillard Tugdual 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a new discretization of the rotating shallow water equations and a set of decisions, ranging from a simplification of the continuous equations down to the implementation level, yielding a code that is fast and accurate. Accuracy is reached by using WENO reconstructions on the mass flux and on the nonlinear Coriolis term. The results show that the implicit mixing and dissipation, provided by the discretization, allow a very good material conservation of potential vorticity and a minimal energy dissipation. Numerical experiments are presented to assess the accuracy, which include a resolution convergence, a sensitivity on the free‐slip versus no‐slip boundary conditions, a study on the separation of waves from vortical motions. Speed is achieved by a series of choices rather than a single recipe. The main choice is to discretize the covariant form written in index coordinates. This form, rooted in the discrete differential geometry, removes most of the grid scale terms from the equations, and keeps them only where they should be. The model objects appearing in resulting continuous equations have a natural correspondence with the grid cell features. The other choices are guided by the maximization of the arithmetic intensity. Finally this paper also proves that a pure Python implementation can be very fast, thanks to the possibility of having compiled Python. As a result, the code performs 2 TFlops per second using thousand cores.
Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 induces acute respiratory distress syndrome in human ACE2-transgenic mice
Authors: Bi Zhenfei , Hong Weiqi , Que Haiying , He Cai , Ren Wenyan , Yang Jingyun , Lu Tianqi , Chen Li , Lu Shuaiyao , Peng Xiaozhong , Wei Xiawei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe development of animal models for COVID-19 is essential for basic research and drug/vaccine screening. Previously reported COVID-19 animal models need to be established under a high biosafety level condition for the utilization of live SARS-CoV-2, which greatly limits its application in routine research. Here, we generate a mouse model of COVID-19 under a general laboratory condition that captures multiple characteristics of SARS-CoV-2-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) observed in humans. Briefly, human ACE2-transgenic (hACE2) mice were intratracheally instilled with the formaldehyde-inactivated SARS-CoV-2, resulting in a rapid weight loss and detrimental changes in lung structure and function. The pulmonary pathologic changes were characterized by diffuse alveolar damage with pulmonary consolidation, hemorrhage, necrotic debris, and hyaline membrane formation. The production of fatal cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6) and the infiltration of activated neutrophils, inflammatory monocyte-macrophages, and T cells in the lung were also determined, suggesting the activation of an adaptive immune response. Therapeutic strategies, such as dexamethasone or passive antibody therapy, could effectively ameliorate the disease progression in this model. Therefore, the established mouse model for SARS-CoV-2-induced ARDS in the current study may provide a robust tool for researchers in the standard open laboratory to investigate the pathological mechanisms or develop new therapeutic strategies for COVID-19 and ARDS.
Long-term stability and protection efficacy of the RBD-targeting COVID-19 mRNA vaccine in nonhuman primates
Authors: Zhao Hui , Wang Tie-Cheng , Li Xiao-Feng , Zhang Na-Na , Li Liang , Zhou Chao , Deng Yong-Qiang , Cao Tian-Shu , Yang Guan , Li Rui-Ting , Huang Yi-Jiao , Li Yuan-Guo , Zhang Yi-Ming , Li Fang-Xu , Zhou Yu-Ren , Jiang Yu-Hang , Lu Xi-Shan , Sun Shi-Hui , Cheng Meng-Li , Gu Kai-Ping , Zhang Mei , Ma Qing-Qing , Yang Xiao , Ying Bo , Gao Yu-Wei , Qin Cheng-Feng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMessenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine technology has shown its power in preventing the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Two mRNA vaccines targeting the full-length S protein of SARS-CoV-2 have been authorized for emergency use. Recently, we have developed a lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated mRNA (mRNA-LNP) encoding the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 (termed ARCoV), which confers complete protection in mouse model. Herein, we further characterized the protection efficacy of ARCoV in nonhuman primates and the long-term stability under normal refrigerator temperature. Intramuscular immunization of two doses of ARCoV elicited robust neutralizing antibodies as well as cellular response against SARS-CoV-2 in cynomolgus macaques. More importantly, ARCoV vaccination in macaques significantly protected animals from acute lung lesions caused by SARS-CoV-2, and viral replication in lungs and secretion in nasal swabs were completely cleared in all animals immunized with low or high doses of ARCoV. No evidence of antibody-dependent enhancement of infection was observed throughout the study. Finally, extensive stability assays showed that ARCoV can be stored at 2–8 °C for at least 6 months without decrease of immunogenicity. All these promising results strongly support the ongoing clinical trial.
Results of a multicenter phase I/II trial of TCRαβ and CD19-depleted haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for adult and pediatric patients
Authors: Bethge Wolfgang A. , Eyrich Matthias , Mielke Stephan , Meisel Roland , Niederwieser Dietger , Schlegel Paul G. , Schulz Ansgar , Greil Johann , Bunjes Donald , Brecht Arne , Kuball Jurgen , Schumm Michael , Vucinic Vladan , Wiesneth Markus , Bonig Halvard , Westinga Kasper , Biedermann Stefanie , Holtkamp Silke , Karitzky Sandra , Malchow Michaela , Siewert Christiane , Handgretinger Rupert , Lang Peter 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) from haploidentical donors is a viable option for patients lacking HLA-matched donors. Here we report the results of a prospective multicenter phase I/II trial of transplantation of TCRαβ and CD19-depleted peripheral blood stem cells from haploidentical family donors after a reduced-intensity conditioning with fludarabine, thiotepa, and melphalan. Thirty pediatric and 30 adult patients with acute leukemia (n = 43), myelodysplastic or myeloproliferative syndrome (n = 6), multiple myeloma (n = 1), solid tumors (n = 6), and non-malignant disorders (n = 4) were enrolled. TCR αβ/CD19-depleted grafts prepared decentrally at six manufacturing sites contained a median of 12.1 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg and 14.2 × 103 TCRαβ+ T-cells/kg. None of the patients developed grade lll/IV acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and only six patients (10%) had grade II acute GVHD. With a median follow-up of 733 days 36/60 patients are alive. The cumulative incidence of non-relapse mortality at day 100, 1 and 2 years after HSCT was 5%, 15%, and 17% for all patients, respectively. Estimated probabilities of overall and disease-free survival at 2 years were 63% and 50%, respectively. Based on these promising results in a high-risk patient cohort, haploidentical HSCT using TCRαβ/CD19-depleted grafts represents a viable treatment option.
Emergence of the topological Hall effect in a tetragonal compensated ferrimagnet Mn2.3Pd0.7Ga
Authors: Choi Won-Young , Yoo Woosuk , Jung Myung-Hwa 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTopological spin textures such as magnetic skyrmions have attracted considerable interest due to their potential application in spintronic devices. However, there still remain several challenges to overcome before their practical application, for instance, achieving high scalability and thermal stability. Recent experiments have proposed a new class of skyrmion materials in the Heusler family, Mn1.4Pt0.9Pd0.1Sn and Mn2Rh0.95Ir0.05Sn, which possess noncollinear magnetic structures. Motivated by these experimental results, we suggest another Heusler compound hosted by Mn3Ga to overcome the above limitations. We fabricate Mn3-xPdxGa thin films, focusing on the magnetic compensation point. In Mn2.3Pd0.7Ga, we find a spin-reorientation transition around TSR = 320 K. Below the TSR, we observe the topological Hall effect and a positive magnetic entropy change, which are the hallmarks of a chiral noncollinear spin texture. By integrating all the data, we determine the magnetic phase diagram, displaying a wide chiral noncollinear spin phase even at room temperature. We believe that this compensated ferrimagnet shows promise for opening a new avenue toward chiral spin-based, high-density, and low-power devices.
A case report of COVID-19 monitoring in the Austrian professional football league
Authors: van der Zee-Neuen Antje , Schaffler-Schaden Dagmar , Herfert Jürgen , O´Brien James , Johansson Tim , Kutschar Patrick , Seymer Alexander , Ludwig Stephan , Stöggl Thomas , Keeley David , Resch Herbert , Osterbrink Jürgen , Flamm Maria 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSince the beginning of the COVID -19 pandemic, many contact sport teams are facing major challenges to safely continue training and competition. We present the design and implementation of a structured monitoring concept for the Austrian national football league. 146 professional players from five clubs of the professional Austrian football league were monitored for a period of 12 weeks. Subjective health parameters, PCR- test results and data obtained from a geo-tracking app were collected. Simulations modelling the consequences of a COVID-19 case with increasing reproduction number were computed. No COVID -19 infection occurred during the observation period in the players. Infections in the nearer surroundings lead to increased perceived risk of infection. Geo tracking was particularly hindered due to technical problems and reluctance of users. Simulation models suggested a hypothetical shut-down of all training and competition activities. A structured monitoring concept can help to continue contact sports safely in times of a pandemic. Cooperation of all involved is essential.
Trial registration: ID: DRKS00022166 15/6/2020 https://www.who.int/ictrp/search/en/.
In vivo pair correlation microscopy reveals dengue virus capsid protein nucleocytoplasmic bidirectional movement in mammalian infected cells
Authors: Sallaberry Ignacio , Luszczak Alexis , Philipp Natalia , Navarro Guadalupe S. Costa , Gabriel Manuela V. , Gratton Enrico , Gamarnik Andrea V. , Estrada Laura C. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFlaviviruses are major human disease-causing pathogens, including dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus, yellow fever virus and others. DENV infects hundreds of millions of people per year around the world, causing a tremendous social and economic burden. DENV capsid (C) protein plays an essential role during genome encapsidation and viral particle formation. It has been previously shown that DENV C enters the nucleus in infected cells. However, whether DENV C protein exhibits nuclear export remains unclear. By spatially cross-correlating different regions of the cell, we investigated DENV C movement across the nuclear envelope during the infection cycle. We observed that transport takes place in both directions and with similar translocation times (in the ms time scale) suggesting a bidirectional movement of both C protein import and export.Furthermore, from the pair cross-correlation functions in cytoplasmic or nuclear regions we found two populations of C molecules in each compartment with fast and slow mobilities. While in the cytoplasm the correlation times were in the 2–6 and 40–110 ms range for the fast and slow mobility populations respectively, in the cell nucleus they were 1–10 and 25–140 ms range, respectively. The fast mobility of DENV C in cytoplasmic and nuclear regions agreed with the diffusion coefficients from Brownian motion previously reported from correlation analysis. These studies provide the first evidence of DENV C shuttling from and to the nucleus in infected cells, opening new venues for antiviral interventions.
The association of apolipoproteins with later-life all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: a population-based study stratified by age
Authors: Ding Mozhu , Wennberg Alexandra , Ek Stina , Santoni Giola , Gigante Bruna , Walldius Göran , Hammar Niklas , Modig Karin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMidlife lipid levels are important predictors of cardiovascular diseases, yet their association with mortality in older adults is less clear. We aimed to (1) identify lipid profiles based on cholesterol, triglycerides, and apolipoproteins using cluster analysis, and (2) investigate how lipid profiles and lipid levels at different ages are associated with later-life all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. We used data from 98,270 individuals in the Swedish AMORIS cohort who had blood measurements between 1985–1996 and were followed until 2012. Over the follow-up (mean 18.0 years), 30,730 (31.3%) individuals died. Three lipid profiles were identified. Compared with reference profile, a high lipid profile (low ApoA-I and high total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides, ApoB, and ApoB/ApoA-I ratio) at ages 39–59 or 60–79 was associated with higher all-cause mortality. A high lipid profile at ≥ 80 years, however, did not confer higher mortality. For the specific markers, high TC (≥ 7.25 mmol/L) was associated with higher all-cause mortality in ages 39–59 but lower mortality in ages 60–79 and ≥ 80. Low ApoA-I (< 1.28 g/L) and high ApoB/ApoA-I ratio (≥ 1.18), on the other hand, were associated with higher cardiovascular mortality regardless of age at lipid measurement, highlighting their potential relevance for survival in both young and older individuals.