bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased N2O Production from Soil Organic Matter Following a Simulated Fall-Freeze-Thaw Cycle: Effects of Fall Urea Addition, Soil Moisture, and History of Manure Applications
Authors: Lin Sisi , Hernandez-Ramirez Guillermo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Adding nitrogen substrates to soils can induce short-term changes in soil organic matter (SOM) transformations – a response termed the ‘priming effect’. However, it is unknown how priming effects on nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions can be altered following a strong freeze-thaw cycle. A mesocosm experiment evaluated two soil managements: with and without history of manure applications. These soils were subjected to three moisture regimes: Low, Medium and High. Apart from the controls, which received no N, we banded 15N-labelled urea into these soils representing a typical fall fertilization, and subsequently simulated a wide fall-freeze-thaw cycle, with temperatures from + 2, to -18, and finally + 23°C, respectively. The overall highest N2O production was observed 1 day after thawing. At that time, measurements of N2O site preference indicated that denitrification produced 83% of the N2O flux. Relative to the unamended controls (baseline), adding urea consistently triggered a 24% greater cumulative N2O production specifically originated from SOM following thawing (245 vs. 305 µg N2O-N kg− 1 soil, P = 0.022). This substantiates a positive priming of SOM that manifested shortly after the rapid, wet thawing of the soils. Soils having a manure history or higher moisture also exhibited an augmented production of N2O from SOM (Ps < 0.01). Although the overall priming of SOM was positive, two weeks after thawing, negative priming of daily N2O fluxes also occurred, but only in soils under High moisture. Besides urea additions, the propensity for primed N2O emissions from SOM after thawing was influenced by increasing moisture and earlier manure applications.
Phytodiversity and Phytosociology of Riparian Trees Along the Elevation Gradient In The Pamba River, Southern Western Ghats, India
Authors: Paul Joby , Adithya E S , P Nisha , Thomas Rogimon P , Unni Sankaran K S 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe riparian vegetation along the tropical rivers become threatened due to anthropogenic interference. The tree species diversity and distribution along longitudinal and transversal dimensions is variable and has a pivotal role in the river ecology. The data on the riparian tree species diversity and distribution is inevitable for the nature-based restoration efforts. To test the variability along with the river profile, we investigated the tree species diversity and phytosociology in the tropical river Pamba, Southern Western Ghats. Variation of elevation (701–1923m asl Highrange; 71–700m asl Highland; 8–70m asl Midland and <7.0m asl Lowland) as an indicator of topographic species diversity, we laid a total of 54 × 3 quadrats and data were analyzed with Excel and PC-Ord. ResultsShannon-Wiener's diversity is uniform (1.43689–1.84841) and showed homogeneity (Multiple site similarity index = 0.825396825). Humboldtia vahliana, Neolamarckia cadamba, Vateria indica and Syzygium hemisphericum were showed the highest Importance Value Index. DBH size class (15–>331cm) demonstrated a reverse ‘J’ shaped curve. The tree density and total basal area demonstrated an increasing trend from Lowland to Highrange. Validation of Quadrat data with TWINSPAN and Braun-Blanquet table analysis indicated Ochreinauclea missionis-Ficus hispida-Neolamarckia cadamba in Lowland, Mallotus philippensis-Macaranga peltata-Ficus hispida in Midland, Madhuca neriifolia-Hydnocarpus alpina-Humboldtia vahliana in Highland and Symplocos cochinchinensis var. laurina-Syzygium hemisphericum-Cullenia exarillata in Highrange as dominant stand types. Reciprocal Averaging and Hierarchical Clustering revealed unequivocal classification of quadrats following species composition and elevation. Clumped dispersion was noticed in the Midland and Highland. High regeneration of Madhuca neriifolia, Hopea ponga and Humboldtia vahliana were observed along the elevation gradient.ConclusionsThe present research illustrated that the species diversity of riparian forest in the Pamba river is high and comparable with similar tropical rivers. The phytodiversity, phytosociology and regeneration data are significant for developing a conservation strategy of the anthropogenically fragmented Pamba river. Based on the stand type and regeneration data, Madhuca neriifolia, Hopea ponga, Humboldtia vahliana and Ochreinauclea missionis were suitable for buffer design and restoration along with the Pamba river profile.
Constraints on the spatial and temporal variations of the gravitational constant from quasar spectra
Authors: Le T. D. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The possible variations of fundamental physical constants present a critical examination of grand unification theories (GUTs). The most useful way to investigate these variations could be based on observations that directly test them with a deep-look back in time in the universe. Using combinations of high-resolution spectra of quasars and Ritz wavelengths in the laboratory, we found an upper limit on a possible cosmological deviation of the gravitational ̇ ⁄ = (0.918 ± 2.830) × 10 yr over cosmic timescales.. This result may be considered as a new tool for checking the physical phenomena of the GUTs.
­­Building a reference Transcriptome for Juniperus squamata (Cupressaceae) based on Single-molecule real-time sequencing
Authors: Wang Yufei , Xie Siyu , Li Jialiang , Tang Jieshi , Ju Tsam , Mao Kangshan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objectives Cupressaceae is the second largest family of coniferous trees (Coniferopsida) with important economic and ecological values. However, like other conifers, the members of Cupressaceae have extremely large genome (>8 gigabytes), which limited the researches of these taxa. A high-quality transcriptome is an important resource for gene discovery and annotation for non-model organisms. Data descriptionJuniperus squamata, a tetraploid species which is widely distributed in Asian mountains, represents the largest genus, Juniperus, in Cupressaceae. Single-molecule real-time sequencing was used to obtain full-length transcriptome of Juniperus squamata. The full-length transcriptome was corrected with Illumina RNA-seq data from the same individual. A total of 47, 860 non-redundant full-length transcripts, N50 of which was 2, 839, were obtained. Simple sequence repeats for Juniperus squamata were also identified. This data presents the first comprehensive transcriptome characterization of Cupressaceae species, and provides an important reference for researches on the genomic evolutionary history of Cupressaceae plants and even conifers in the future.
Hunting the hunter: using genetic profiling for improved management of shark attacks on humans
Authors: CLUA  , MEYER  , LINNELL  , BAKSAY  , VIGNAUD  , VELY  , PLANES  
Published: May 2021

Abstract
DNA evidence is routinely used to identify individual predators responsible for attacks on people and livestock in terrestrial settings. However, the use of transfer DNA techniques in aquatic environments for similar purposes is a recent development. To date, DNA barcoding has been used successfully to identify shark species depredating fish catches and biting surfboards and neoprene surfaces. In this study we demonstrate the successful DNA barcoding and fingerprinting of individual sharks from transfer DNA collected directly from the wounds of two shark bite victims. The successful use of DNA techniques to identify both species and specific individuals responsible for shark bites opens the door to selective removal of these individuals as an innovative shark bite risk management strategy. This selective approach would be a more effective, eco-responsible, cost-effective and ethical solution for vulnerable taxa than ongoing non-selective culling campaigns.
Depression and the associated factors among traumatized patients admitted at University of Gondar and Felege-Hiwot comprehensive specialized hospital, Northwest, Ethiopia
Authors: Worku Asnakew , Desalegn Getachew Tesfaw , Getnet Berhanie 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background

Depression is the main factor of impairment in many areas of function that affects almost all age groups and which also influences on mental and physical health. However, it negatively impacts quality of life and social activities, research into depression and the associated factors among people with traumatized patients in low-and middle-income countries are limited. Therefore, the present study was aimed at identifying the magnitude and associated factors of depression among traumatized patients have a pivotal role for further intervention these vulnerable people.
Methods

An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Felege-Hiwot and the University of Gondar comprehensive specialized hospital from March 11/2020 to April 12/2020, by using a structured and semi-structured questionnaire. A systematic random sampling was used to recruit a total of 422 patients. The standard patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used to identify the prevalence of depression by employing a face to face interview. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify associated factors with depression. Statistical significance was declared on 95% of confidence interval at P ˂ 0.05.
Results

The prevalence of depression was found to be 37.2% with 95% (CI: 32.7–41.5%). In the multivariate logistic regression; being single (AOR = 2.36, 95%, CI: 1.31, 4.21), history of chronic medical illness (AOR = 3.79, 95%, CI: 1.19, 12.08), anxiety symptoms (AOR = 3.81, 95%, CI: 2.11, 6.85), poor and moderate social supports (AOR = 4.59, 95%, CI: 2.36, 8.91) and (AOR = 4.34, 95%, CI: 2.23, 8.45), respectively, and moderate perceived threat to life (AOR = 2.66, 95%, CI: 1.58, 4.47) were factors significantly associated with depression.
Conclusion

In this study revealed that depression among physical trauma patients was considerable too high. Being single, chronic medical illness, anxiety, poor and moderate social support, and moderate perceived stress were factors significantly associated with depression. The ministry of health and other concerned health organizations may find the current finding useful for early detection, prevention, and intervention strategies to minimize the factor of depression in trauma survivors.
Relevance of a simulation model to microsurgery for military surgical residents
Authors: GHABI Ammar , FERRIS Alexandre SABATE , PFISTER Georges , CHAPON Marie Pauline , Legagneux Josette , HARION Madeleine , MATHIEU Laurent 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
IntroductionMicrosurgical training is an asset for military orthopedic surgeons who frequently treat hand or nerve injuries in external operations. The objective of this study was to evaluate a microvascular surgery simulation model intended to prepare residents prior to their enrolment in conventional degree training.Materials and MethodsAn experimental study was conducted to evaluate technical progress and satisfaction of military surgical residents using a model based on Japanese noodles with four tests of increasing difficulty. Objective endpoints included: instrument handling, distribution and quality of stitches, duration of anastomoses and responses to the Structured Assesment of MicrosurgerySkill (SAMS) self-assessment questionnaire were also analyzed.ResultsNine residents from different specialties participated in the study. The quality of their anastomoses and their average satisfaction were significantly increased between the first and the last session: respectively 7.2 / 15 versus 10.7 / 15 (p < 0.05) and 37.5 / 70 versus 47.5 / 70 (p < 0.05). Conversely, the average operating time decreased significantly over the sessions (92 min versus 52 min, p < 0.001).ConclusionsThis simulation model seems to constitute a satisfactory initiation to microsurgery which could limit the use of the animal model. It could also be included in the continuing education of military surgeons who perform microsurgery only occasionally in external operations.
The target E2F family gene PTTG1 for prediction of distant relapse-free survival in breast cancer patients receiving taxane and anthracycline-based NACT
Authors: Xu Yuhao , Du Yaoqiang , Zheng Qinghui , Tang Hongchao , Qian Yangyang , Xu Qiuran , Meng Xuli 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background

Recent years, the breast cancer became the most commonly diagnosed cancer. The use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) makes a significant contribution to chemotherapy in breast cancer. We aimed to develop the novel model as a predictor of distant relapse-free survival (DRFS) in breast cancer patients receiving taxane and anthracycline-based NACT.
Methods

We collected the mRNA expression datasets of patients from GSE25055 and GSE25065 in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Univariate and Multivariate Cox Regression Analyses were conducted to achieve the prognostic genes that associated with DRFS. Moreover, the E2F targets genes were obtained from GSEA. We obtained the intersection genes between the prognostic genes and E2F target genes, then validated in GSE32603 dataset. And we established a nomogram model based on PTTG1 expression level and several clinical characteristics.
Results

A novel nomogram was conducted. The receiver operating characteristic (AUC = 0.849), C-index (0.805) and calibration plots were applied to assess the effect of this model.
Conclusion

Our study found that the E2F target genes, such as the PTTG1 may serve as a potential biomarker in breast cancer, and provided superior estimation of DRFS, which can guide the clinical practice in NACT of breast cancer.
A new waterproof, breathable, bacteriostatic, low-cost dressing system with a decreased number of dressing changes in primary total hip arthroplasty: a feasibility study
Authors: Su Shilong , Wang Chenggong , Gao Fawei , Lei Pengfei , Zhong Da , Hu Yihe 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background

Postoperative wound complication is a major risk factor for the development of Periprosthetic joint infection, thus, it is very important to manage surgical wounds. We innovatively invented a new dressing system to reduce the occurrence of postoperative wound complications and improve the quality of life of patients after an total hip arthroplasty. Besides, this study confirmed the clinical safety and feasibility of the newly invented dressing system.
Methods

A total of 120 patients who underwent primary unilateral total hip arthroplasty were enrolled in this study. The data collected included the number of dressing changes, costs of the dressings, postoperative hospital stay, The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score, The Harris Hip Score (HHS), ASEPSIS score, The Stony Brook Scar Evaluation Scale (SBSES), wound complications, the frequency of showers and satisfaction. Data were statistically analyzed.
Results

The average number of dressing changes was 0.74 ± 0.46, while the average postoperative hospital stay was 3.67 ± 0.97 days. The average cost of the new dressings throughout a treatment cycle was 57.42 ± 15.18 dollars. The VAS score decreased from 5.63 ± 1.09 before the operation to 0.88 ± 0.54 one month after the operation. The HHS score increased from 70.18 ± 7.84 before the operation to 80.36 ± 4.08 one month after the operation. The results of the four indexes of the ASEPSIS score were all 0. The SBSES score was 3.55 ± 0.61 at two weeks after the operation, and 4.38 ± 0.71 at one month after the operation. No wound complications were recorded until one month after the operation when the satisfaction rate was 92.53 ± 3.62%.
Conclusion

In this study, we have invented a new dressing system for surgical wounds after total hip arthroplasty and confirmed its clinical safety and feasibility.
Trial registration

Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2000033822. Registered 13 June 2020, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=54735
Rupture of Aortic Sinus Aneurysm Caused by Trauma
Authors: Jiang Fenglin , Xu Ling 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Sinus of Valsalva aneurysm is just an uncommon cardiac anomaly, a congenital or acquired cardiac defect that is present in roughly 0.09% of the general population. With an incidence of less than 1% of opening heart surgery cases.Case Presentation: A sinus of Valsalva aneurysm is just an uncommon cardiac anomaly. The aneurysm usually ruptures into the cardiac cavity. The most frequent complication of SVA is rupture into the right atrium or right ventricle. We reviewed 2 cases of rupturing sinus aortic aneurysm.Conclusion: Echocardiography examination needs to monitor the diameter of the aortic sinus, aortic root and aortic valve, especially in the army.
Causal Effect Analysis of Demographic Concordance on Patient Perception of Physician Trust and Respect in an Emergency Care Setting
Authors: Ho Amy F , Zhou Yuan , Kirby Jessica J , Rahman Md Mamumur , Tessitore Kathryn , Abdel-Raziq Yousef , d'Etienne James P , Schrader Chet D , Wang Hao 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objectives: Patient perceptions of physician trust and respect are important factors for patient satisfaction evaluations. We aim to determine the causal effect on patient-physician demographic concordance and patient perceptions of physician trust and respect in an emergency care setting. A near real-time patient satisfaction survey was sent via telephone to patients within 72 hours of discharge from an Emergency Department (ED). Patient-trust-physician (PTP) and physician-show-respect (PSR) scores were measured. Patient and physician demographics (age, gender, race, and ethnicity) were matched. We employed genetic matching to assign patients appropriately to the treatment (demographic concordance) and control (demographic discordance) groups. Causal effect was analyzed to determine the direct effect of patient-physician demographic concordance on PTP/PSR scores. Result: We enrolled 1815 patients. The treatment effect of patient-physician demographic concordance on patient perception of physician trust and respect ranged from -0.02 to -0.2 (p>0.05). In general, patient-physician demographic concordance has minimal effect on patient perceptions of physician trust and respect.
What Outcomes in Community Mental Health Research Are Important to Caregivers of People With Schizophrenia? An Exploratory Qualitative Analysis of an Online Survey
Authors: Yasuma Naonori , Shiozawa Takuma , Ogawa Makoto , Abe Makiko , Igarashi Momoka , Kawaguchi Takayuki , Sato Sayaka , Nishi Daisuke , Kawakami Norito , Yamaguchi Sosei , Fujii Chiyo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objective: This study investigated outcomes in community mental health research that were important to caregivers of people with schizophrenia. Using an online survey conducted from August 1–31, 2020, data were collected from caregivers belonging to the LINE Schizophrenia Family Association. Caregivers identified outcomes important in community mental health research. Two researchers categorized caregivers’ statements into research outcomes.Results: A total of 132 caregivers completed the online self-reported questionnaire, and 296 caregiver statements were identified. Qualitative analysis identified 17 outcome categories. The caregivers tended to value having more free time, maintaining an appropriate relationship with people with schizophrenia, and being able to cope with their symptoms. This exploratory study newly demonstrates the outcomes that caregivers of people with schizophrenia consider important in community mental health research. The findings may be useful in selecting outcomes for future studies of caregivers.
Acceptability and feasibility of strategies to promote healthy dietary choices in UK secondary school canteens: a qualitative study
Authors: Murphy Marie , Mensah Daniel , Mylona Elena , Oyebode Oyinlola 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objective

To explore the acceptability and feasibility of choice architecture strategies for dietary change in UK secondary school canteens from the perspectives of pupils, school staff and catering providers through qualitative focus groups and interviews.
Results

Three focus groups with adolescents (n = 15) and eight interviews with school staff and caterers recruited from one school and catering provider in Coventry UK were undertaken. Convenience, presentation and value for money were the main drivers for food and drink purchases in this school setting; while the most acceptable choice architecture strategies for intervening to drive healthy dietary choices are those that make use of proximity and positioning. Challenges to the feasibility of nudge strategies included concerns about behavioural issues, increased food waste, and a decline in uptake of canteen purchases. Acknowledging adolescents’ desire for autonomy and for food to be familiar and predictable was considered important. The design of food choice architecture interventions for secondary school settings should consider the specific characteristics of this age group and setting to ensure successful implementation.
Cryptosporidium in asymptomatic children in Southern Xinjiang, China and the potential of zoonotic transmission
Authors: Wang Tian , Wei Zilin , Zhang Ying , Zhang Qiyuan , Zhang Longxian , Yu Fuchang , Qi Meng , Zhao Wei 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Cryptosporidium is a primary cause of diarrhea in children globally. However, there is limited information on the prevalence and genetic characterization of Cryptosporidium in children in Xinjiang, China. This study aimed to assess the genetic characteristics and epidemiological status of Cryptosporidium in asymptomatic children in Southern Xinjiang, China.Methods: A total of 609 fecal samples were collected from kindergartners aged 2-6 y from 11 counties of Southern Xinjiang, China. We used nested PCR amplification of partial SSU rDNA gene to screen the samples for Cryptosporidium spp. The isolates containing C. parvum and C. hominis were further subtyped by a 60-kDa glycoprotein (gp60). We used MEGA7 to construct a phylogenetic tree to study the genetic relationship between the gp60 subtypes of these two species via the Maximum Likelihood method based on the Tamura-Nei model.Results: Only 1.3% (8/609) of asymptomatic children were confirmed as infected with Cryptosporidium with 2.0% (6/299) infection rate in boys and 0.6% (2/310) infection rate in girls. Three Cryptosporidium species were identified including C. felis (37.5%; 3/8), C. hominis (37.5%; 3/8) and C. parvum (25.0%; 2/8). Three C. hominis subtypes (IbA9G3, IdA14 and IfA12G1) and two C. parvum subtypes (IIdA14G1 and IIdA15G1) were also found.Conclusions: This study was the first to identify the presence of cryptosporidium in asymptomatic children in Southern Xinjiang, China. The presence of zoonotic C. parvum subtypes IIdA14G1 and IIdA15G1 indicates possible crossspecies transmission of Cryptosporidium between children and animals.