bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study the pathological and Residual Toxic effect of Malathion in Mice Nervous System
Authors: Mohammed Soad Abdulkareem 
Published: May 2021

In present experiment , study was done on the pathological and residual effect of malathion in mice 50 white mice randomly divided into 3 group : 1st group including (20)mice was given single oral dose .1.5 ppm in drinking water 2nd group contain (20) mice given single dose 1.5 ppm malathion orally in drinking water and repeated the same dose at 2nd and 3rd week i.e (three repeated doses), the 3rd group (10) mice act as control group .The long of experiment was 60 days , the following parameter were done .
1- Clinical Signs: treated group 1st and 2nd groups showed nausea and diarrhea
2- Pathological changes : 1st and 2nd group showed lesion which were more significant in 2nd group .Pathological changes characterized by neuron necrosis , Brain odema , and mononuclear cell present with spinal cord damage .
3- Residual investigation: which were more significant in 2nd group at 60 days of treatment, the Malathion residual reach 0.90 ppm in brain and spinal cord.
The Occurrence of Aflatoxin M1 in Milk, soft cheese and yoghurt in Baghdad Province by Using ELISA Test
Authors: Najim Najim Hadi 
Published: May 2021

Milk and dairy products are fundamental components in the human diet and may be the principle way for entrance of Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in to the human body. All milk and dairy products samples were tested for the occurrence of AFM1 by the competitive ELISA technique. Out of 32 bovine raw milk samples that were collected from eight villages around Baghdad province, 32 samples (100 %) were contaminated with AFM1 ranging from 0.15 to 86.96ng/kg with mean value of 42.37±26.07 ng/kg, of which 17 samples were contaminated with concentrations < 50 ng/kg and 15 samples exceeded the maximum acceptable level of AFM1 in milk (50 ng/kg) imposed by the European legislation. The raw milk samples belonged to animals fed with composite and stored fodder as in Althahab Alabiadh, Radhwaniya and Fadhaliya villages had higher significantly AFM1 concentrations over all the other five villages (Grazing feed). All 32 (100%) locally produced soft white cheese samples analyzed were contaminated with AFM1 ranging from 31.84 to 89.44 ng/kg with the mean value of 59.92±17.03 ng/kg. Out of 32 locally produced yoghurt samples analyzed, 32 samples (100%) were contaminated with AFM1 ranging from 0.16 to 42.74 ng/kg with the mean value of 16.92±11.55 ng/kg. Thirty samples (100%) of the examined 30 imported UHT milk samples that were collected from different commercial companies in the province of Baghdad presented significantly high contamination level with AFM1 that were found to range from 0.18 to 85.66 ng/kg.
Using PCR technique for diagnosis of bacterium Escherichia coli O157:H7 isolated from urine samples of humans and sheep
Authors: A. Al-wgaa A. 
Published: May 2021

The aims of the current study were to determine the percentages of E.coli O157:H7 in the urinary tract infections (UTIs) of humans and in the urine of apparently healthy sheep, in addition to determine the genotype of the isolates by PCR assay. Two hundred and twenty eight urine samples were collected from young children and adult patients both sexes suffering from UTIs during a period December 2012 to the end of March 2013. And randomly collected 75 urine sample from apparent healthy sheep both sexes that were slaughtered in AL Shoela, AL Rahmanea Slaughterhouse and College of Veterinary Medicine field in Baghdad the end of February to half of April 2013. All urine samples were incubated aerobically at 37°C for 24-48 hrs on blood agar, MacConkey agar as well as special media and the isolates were identified by biochemical tests, then the isolates were confirmed diagnosed by PCR assay. The results showed that humans urine samples ,8 samples were E. coli O157:H7 positive isolates(3.50%) ,young children expressed (4) isolates of E.coli O157:H7 as compare with those in adult (4 isolates) and the percentage of this isolates in females were (2.6%) as compare with those in males (0.87%). Also the current study demonstrated that all isolates culturing positive serotype of E.coliO 157:H7 were positive by PCR assay .The genes of eaeA ,hly and Stx2 were recorded in 7,8 and 2 serotype of E.coliO157:H7 respectively. The result revealed that 21(28%) out 75 sheep urine samples were E.coli positive isolates, 13 out 75 samples were E.coli O157:H7 positive isolates. The percentage of isolates from rams urine samples was (14.66%) as it compare to those samples of ewes (2.66%).The result also was recorded that 10,13,12,4 and 3 of bacterial isolates of sheep urine samples were carried eaeA, hlyA, hlyA plasmid,Stx1 and Stx2 genes respectively. In conclusion the healthy sheep in Baghdad city, harbor shiga -toxin producing E.coliO157:H7 in their urinary tracts and these organism induced UTIs associated with renal failure in the humans and carried the same virulent genes that reported in the sheep isolates.
Determination the serum oestrogen Concentrationand Alkaline phosphatase activity during pregnancy and parturition in oestrus synchronized goat
Authors: Kadhim Qayssar Jawad 
Published: May 2021

This study was designed to investigate the oestrus activity, oestrogen profile and enzymatic change Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) at different stage of gestation and parturition in shami and Iraqi goat. A total of 30 mature female goat of two different breed (fifteen animals / each) were used, their reproduction was followed from January upto July -2013. The investigation included studying oestrus synchronization and allowing the animal to be mated naturally by proven buck. Blood sample were collected before gestation then every fifteen days until parturition. Results showed 100 % of female express estruse after synchronization and (73% and 67%) in shami and Iraqi goats respectively, become pregnant. Regarding the activity of oestrogen, the concentration increase gradually after day (60) of pregnancy and highest value was detected at parturition.Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) rose significantly (p<0.05) at 2nd and 3rd month of pregnancy. Conclusion of the changes, determination of estrogen level and ALP activity will serve as a base line data for monitoring the change during pregnancy and parturition.
A comparative study between two techniques of subtotal laparoscopic cholecystectomy in goats
Authors: Eesa M. J. 
Published: May 2021

A comparison between two techniques of subtotal laparoscopic cholecystectomy was studied to find the best technique for treating severe cholecystitis and to study the fate of the remaining part of the gallbladder. All experimental animals had inducing cholecystitis by clipping the cystic duct for five days which was enough for inducing cholecystitis in goats. 24 adult female goats were used in this study, which were divided randomly into two equal groups; subtotal laparoscopic cholecystectomy with cystic duct and cystic artery clipping by titanium clips (group A) and laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy with cystic duct clipping only (group B). Operations were performed under general anesthesia by using thiopental sodium at a dose of 15 mg/Kg. B.W. intravenously to maintain the inhalation anesthesia by endotracheal tube with a mixture of halothane (1.5- 2.5 %) and oxygen (2-3 %). The intraabdominal pressure with CO2 was used at a low pressure 8-10 mmHg. The liver function tests including; alkaline phosphates (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total serum bilirubin and C- reactive protein were measured in different intervals; before operation (zero day) and at 1hr, 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th postoperative day. The liver function tests showed a significant elevation (P< 0.05) in alkaline phosphates (ALP) and in the total bilirubin values in group B (P> 0.05) comparison with group A and no significant difference in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and C- reactive protein between all experimental groups as well as time intervals. The biopsies were taken at the 3rd, 7th and 15th postoperative day for histopathological of the remaining part of gallbladder which showed that subtotal cholecystectomies could be performed successfully with the two techniques, appeared degeneration in the remaining part of the gallbladder and offers best in the healing stages.
تأثيـر المستويـات المختلفـة من مسحـوق خليـط الثوم Alliumsativum)) وعرق الســوس Glycyrrhiza glabra Inn.)) المجهزه إلى العليقة في الصفات الإنتاجية لفروج اللحم
Authors: الزهيري مشعان عباس 
Published: May 2021

أجريت هذه الدراسة لمعرفة تأثير إضافة مستويات مختلفة من مسحوق خليط الثوم وعرق السوس المضافةإلى العليقة في الصفات الإنتاجية لفروج اللحم. وإستعمل في التجربة 180 فرخاً من سلالة (Ross-308) بعمريوم واحد، وزعت عشوائيا على أربعة معاملات تجريبية بواقع (3) مكررات لكل معاملة (15 فرخ / مكرر). وكانت المعاملات: الأولى المقارنة خالية من الأضافات، الثانية والثالثة والرابعة تضمنت ( 0.25 و0.50 و 1) % من مسحوق خليط الثوم وعرق السوس وبالتتابع، ووزنت الأفراخ، والعلف المستهلك أسبوعيا، وأظهرت النتائج تفوقاً معنوياً (P<0.05) في قيم أوزان الجسم لمصلحة المعاملة الثالثة، فيما لم تكن الفروقات معنوية بين الثانية وكذلك الرابعة مقارنة مع مجموعة السيطرة. وتفوقاً معنويا في قيم الزيادة الوزنية في مجموعة المعالجة الثانية، الثالثة والرابعة مقارنة مع مجموعة السيطرة. وأنخفاضاً معنويا في كمية العلف المستهلك في المجاميع المعالجة الثانية، الثالثة والرابعة مقارنة مع مجموعة السيطرة. وتحسناً معنويا في معامل التحويل الغذائي في مجموعة المعالجة الرابعة، الثانية والثالثة مقارنة مع مجموعة السيطرة. وتحسن في نسبة التصافي المعاملة الرابعة، اما باقي المعاملات لكل من نسبة التصافي ووزن الذبيحة كانت غير معنوية مقارنة مع مجموعة السيطرة. تستنتج الدراسة أن إعطاء مسحوق خليط الثوم وعرق السوس بنسب ( 0.25 و0.50 و1) % يمكن أن يساعد في تحسين الأداء الأنتاجي لفروج اللحم.
DETERMINACIÓN DEL TIPO DE HERENCIA DE LAS FORMAS “LIRA”, VELÍFERA” Y “SIMPLE” DE LAS ALETAS CAUDAL Y DORSAL EN EL PEZ ESPADA (XIPHOPHORUS HELLERI, HENCKLE, 1848)
Authors: Scotto Carlos 
Published: May 2021

Es conocida la importancia del pez Espada (Xiphophorus helleri Henckle, 1848) para la acuicultura ornamental actual. Sin embargo, a pesar de la diversidad de rasgos conocidos los estudios de genética clásica para determinar la forma hereditaria de las aletas caudales y dorsales son pocos. La presente investigación mediante cruzamientos dirigidos logró identifi car la forma de dominancia de la aleta caudal de “forma Lira” y de la aleta dorsal de “forma Velífera”. Siendo ambos rasgos dominantes sobre el rasgo recesivo “forma Simple” tanto en la aleta caudal como en la aleta dorsal (F1). Asimismo, mediante cruces dirigidos de los dos rasgos se determinó estadísticamente por la prueba de Chi Cuadrado que las formas de herencia de ambos rasgos se segregaron en la F2 en la proporción mendeliana 9:3:3:1. Esto permitiría realizar la mejora genética de la forma de las aletas en el pez Espada y obtenerse líneas mejoradas con mayor valor comercial para el acuicultor ornamental.
Sociología de la música: la «chicha», un producto cultural de la hibridez social en el Perú
Authors: Iriarte Suárez Marco 
Published: May 2021

El emprendimiento de la llamada peyorativamente «cultura chicha» y su producto, la música chicha, ha pasado de ser un género híbrido musical del huayno, con lo tropical dentro de un concepto sonoro, a una manifestación de posicionamiento en el contexto cultural citadino. Esta manifestación cultural representa a un sector social compuesto por migrantes provincianos y sus descendientes que, en muchas circunstancias, han llegado a «conquistar» económica y socialmente espacios culturales impensables en otros tiempos, convirtiéndose en emprendedores muy exitosos. En ese devenir, la chicha ha sido el resultado de un proceso de transformación y de reinvención en el que el huayno ha jugado un papel matriz gravitante, recreándose hasta adoptar formas sonoras más modernas, lo que ha evidenciado la adaptación de este género tradicional a las nuevas exigencias y gustos musicales de un nuevo público que, si bien se ve «moderno», todavía guarda consigo algunas tradiciones de su tierra; y es «urbano», aunque para muchos de ellos, lo rural no les sea del todo ajeno. En ese sentido, la chicha, más que un género musical, resulta ser un producto cultural de una hibridez generada por la coyuntura económico-social del país, del enfrentamiento entre lo moderno y lo tradicional, así como de las particularidades y exigencias que este nuevo público reclama.
MÉTODOS DE AVALIAÇÃO DA DISTRIBUIÇÃO LONGITUDINAL DE PLÂNTULAS NO ESTABELECIMENTO INICIAL DA CULTURA DO MILHO
Authors: Rinaldi Paula Cristina Natalino , Zampiroli Renan , Alvarenga Cleyton Batista de , Gallis Rodrigo Bezerra de Araújo , Fernandes Haroldo Carlos 
Published: May 2021

A velocidade de trabalho é um dos fatores que pode influenciar a distribuição longitudinal de plântulas, o estande final e a produtividade da lavoura. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar, em condições de campo, o desempenho de uma semeadora-adubadora no estabelecimento inicial da cultura do milho, em quatro velocidades de trabalho e dois mecanismos sulcadores por meio de dois métodos de medição entre plântulas. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, combinando velocidades de trabalho e mecanismos sulcadores para deposição das sementes. A avaliação da distribuição longitudinal de plântulas se deu por dois métodos, manual e imagens captadas por aeronave remotamente pilotada. O aumento da velocidade de trabalho influenciou o percentual de espaçamento aceitáveis entre plântulas na velocidade de 6 km h-1 para a deposição da semente pelo sulcador de disco, método manual de avaliação. As variáveis relacionadas ao espaçamento entre plântulas não diferiram com o aumento da velocidade de trabalho do conjunto mecanizado e nem com a variação do sulcador pelo método de avaliação por imagem. A velocidade de trabalho não influenciou o índice de velocidade de emergência de plântulas, sendo este maior com o uso da haste.
Palavras-chave: velocidade de trabalho; mecanismo sulcador; semeadora.

Methods of evaluation longitudinal distribution of seedlings
in the initial establishment of maize crops

ABSTRACT: The working speed is one of the factors that can influence the longitudinal distribution of seedlings, the final stand and the productivity of the crop. The aim of the current study is to assess, under field conditions, the performance of a seed drill/fertilizer machine in the initial establishment of maize crops, according to four working speeds and two furrowing mechanism using two seedlings measurement methods. The experiment followed a randomized block design with four repetitions; it combined working speeds and furrowing mechanisms for seed deposition. The evaluation longitudinal distribution of seedlings of two methods, manual and images obtained with unmanned aerial vehicle. The increase in the working speed influenced the percentage of acceptable spacing between seedlings at the speed of 6 km h-1 for the deposition of the seed by the mismatched double disk-type furrow, manual method of evaluation. The variables related to spacing between seedlings did not differ with the increase in the working speed of the mechanized set without variation of the furrow by the image evaluation method. The working speed did not influence the seedling emergence speed index, being higher with furrow blade.
Keywords: working speed; furrow mechanism; seeder.
Triangulation as a Problem in the Plays and Sonnets
Authors: Weisberg Richard H. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
As to the risks of what I call the ‘triangulation’ of both public power and private emotion, I extend my earlier treatment of ‘mediation’ in The Merchant of Venice to Measure for Measure, King Lear, Hamlet, and The Tempest, linking to them Shakespeare’s Sonnet 134. For Shakespeare, whether poet or playwright, a private triangulation of direct romantic obligation is as nettlesome as the public official’s similar behaviour – as when the Duke ‘outsources’ Viennese power to Angelo – and the results are quite as disastrous. The complex and highly legalistic sonnet concerns the triangulation of passion from the speaker to a friend. The beloved winds up ensnaring both through ‘the statute of [her] beauty’. The word ‘surety’ – used centrally in the poem and twice in Merchant – pinpoints, through the delegation to a third party of obligations otherwise charged directly to two committed parties, the underlying Shakespearean problematic
The Merchant of Venice in the Hebrew Press
Authors: Kouts Gideon 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This article will discuss two points, half a century apart: the first Hebrew press review of The Merchant of Venice, and the press coverage of the first production of the play on the Hebrew stage and the public debate that accompanied it. The first review was published in the first Hebrew daily HaYom in St Petersburg on 23 August 1887 and addressed the showing of Merchant by Russian actors. The reviewer was the writer and critic David Frischmann. Merchant was first presented in Hebrew in May 1936 by Habima Theatre in Tel Aviv, directed by Leopold Jessner, who had escaped from Germany. The Hebrew press of the time provided extensive coverage around the production of the play in the context of the violent riots in Palestine and the rise of Nazism in Europe. Among the participants in the public debate were major representatives of the intellectual elite of the time.
Shylock in the Cinema
Authors: Versiani Galery Maria-Clara 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This article discusses different responses to Michael Radford’s 2004 screen rendition of Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice. It examines selected newspaper reviews, as well as academic papers that critique the filmic adaptation of Shakespeare’s play, taking into account its representation of Shakespeare’s Jew. The article interrogates to what extent the medium – theatre or cinema – affects the way the audience experiences the work, especially when dealing with an issue as complex as antisemitism. In this manner, Radford’s attempt to historicize the events in Merchant is viewed as a form of attenuating the antisemitic elements in the play.
Arnold Wesker’s Rewriting of Shylock in The Merchant (1976) with a Purpose
Authors: Luk Thomas 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Rewriting Shakespeare has become a global genre. Arnold Wesker was one of the trailblazers of the genre with his The Merchant (1976). This article argues that Arnold Wesker’s The Merchant, with both its subversion and extension of Shakespeare’s play, in theme, plot and characterization, engages with Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice by means of a counter-discourse. Wesker rewrote Shylock by focusing on two episodes in Shakespeare’s play: Jessica’s conversion to Christianity and Shylock’s self-defence. Wesker’s rewriting disrupts the binary as well as Christian conceptions to bestow upon the Jew the ‘protean quality’ of representing just about any sort of ‘Other’ but themselves. Wesker’s Shylock has a rounded humanity and is a cultured, humorous and book-loving Renaissance man. Wesker puts Shakespeare’s work under scrutiny as a culturally constructed world where life can be repositioned, and margins moved to the centre to be in a new light.
PENERAPAN INSTRUMEN SUKARELA DAN COMMAND AND CONTROL DALAM PENATAAN LINGKUNGAN USAHA/KEGIATAN PERHOTELAN
Authors: Sinaga Chrisyela 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTEnvironmental problems have become a global issue, not only a problem for common industries like mineral and mining, but also have penetrated into the tourism sector. The hospitality industry contributes wastewater from its activities or businesses that have the large potential to pollute the environment if preventive measures are not taken. The huge environmental management costs and the lack of entrepreneur commitment are some of the reasons for hotels not to carry out wastewater treatment, so that environmental pollution due to hotel activities cannot be avoided and becomes uncontrollable. Smart regulation is needed to organize the environment in hospitality business activities in a flexible, imaginative and innovative manner. This research aims to analyze environmental compliance policy mixes in hospitality activity. This research is normative legal research methods with the conceptual approach and statute approach. It is analyzed qualitatively. The results of the research showed that in environmental compliance of the hospitality activity, policy mixes can be applied between voluntary instruments and Command and Control instrument that could carried out through PROPER and the need for hospitality activities to be re-incorporated into PROPER participation.Keywords: Environmental Compliance Instrument; Smart Regulation; Policy Mixes, Accommodations Waste. ABSTRAKPermasalahan lingkungan hidup kini telah menjadi isu global, tidak hanya menjadi permasalahan bagi industri-industri raksasa seperti mineral dan tambang, namun juga telah merambah sektor pariwisata. Industri perhotelan menyumbang air limbah dari kegiatan atau usahanya yang berpotensi besar mencemari lingkungan apabila tidak dilakukan tindakan pencegahan. Biaya pengelolaan lingkungan yang sangat besar dan kurangnya komitmen pengusaha menjadi alasan bagi pengelola hotel untuk tidak melakukan pengolahan air limbah, sehingga pencemaran lingkungan akibat kegiatan hotel tidak dapat dihindari dan menjadi tidak terkendali. Diperlukan smart regulation untuk menata lingkungan dalam kegiatan usaha perhotelan secara fleksibel, imaginatif dan inovatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa pilihan kombinasi instrumen penataan lingkungan pada kegiatan perhotelan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian normatif dengan pendekatan konsep dan pendekatan perundang-undangan yang dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam penataan lingkungan kegiatan perhotelan dapat diterapkan policy mixes antara instrumen sukarela dengan Command and Control yang dapat dilakukan melalui PROPER serta perlunya kegiatan perhotelan dimasukkan kembali dalam keikutsertaan PROPER.
Before #MeToo: The Fight against Sexual Harassment at Ontario Universities, 1979-1994
Authors: Istead Jeremy , Carstairs Catherine , Hughes Kathryn L. 
Published: May 2021

This article examines the campaign against sexual harassment conducted at Ontario universities between 1979 and 1994, looking closely at four universities: York, Queen’s, Toronto, and Carleton. Sources examined included campus newspapers, national media, and the CAUT Bulletin. The term “sexual harassment” was only coined in 1975, but it was quickly taken up by campus feminists in Ontario who successfully fought to have universities adopt policies and procedures to combat sexual harassment. By the late 1980s, they had broadened their campaign to look beyond predatory instructors, focusing on actions and behaviours that created a sexist climate that hindered women’s learning and their full participation in campus life. The arguments of both the supporters and the opponents of the campaign are examined. The article concludes with the failure of the Ontario government to impose a “zero tolerance” policy on sexual harassment at universities. While sexual harassment continues to exist at Ontario universities, campus feminists made significant progress during these years.