bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Onset of action under antidepressant treatment
Authors: Stassen H.H. , Angst J , Delini-Stula A 
Published: July 2002

SummaryThe issues of timing in antidepressant treatment are of great theoretical and practical relevance, even more so since recent meta-analyses yielded no evidence for a specific mode of action of antidepressants, which, according to the theory of delayed onset of action, is expected to emerge after 2 weeks of therapy. To address the issues of timing on a methodologically sound basis, future trials should adapt a ‘longitudinal’ rather than ‘cross-sectional’ design, standardized with respect to a washout period, baseline and first 2 week assessments. With this in mind, special attention should be paid to parameters which potentially enable the identification of placebo responders, true drug responders and patients at risk of non-improvement. Results and methods of the Zurich meta-analyses may serve as a starting point for further steps in this direction.
Near‐Infrared II Plasmonic Au@Au–Ag Dot‐in‐Cubic Nanoframes for In Vivo Surface‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopic Detection and Photoacoustic Imaging
Authors: Shan Beibei , Li Linhu , Zhao Yawen , Wang Haitao , Li Ming 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNear‐infrared II (NIR‐II) plasmonic noble‐metallic nanostructures are highly desirable for in vivo photodiagnostics because of their multiple functionalities and deep‐tissue optical imaging capability. Herein, a novel class of Au@Au–Ag dot‐in‐cubic nanoframes (DCFs) comprising a solid Au core and a Au–Ag alloy shell with a wall hole on each side face is reported, which exhibit remarkable plasmonic properties spectrally tunable beyond 1400 nm while maintaining a small size. The synthesis of Au@Au–Ag DCFs is principally based on the facet‐selective etching of Ag atoms and co‐deposition of Au and Ag atoms on the edges and corners of Au@Ag dot‐in‐cubes. The geometry (e.g., edge length and wall hole size) can be controllably tailored by simply varying the silver nitrate and chloroauric acid concentrations. Superior in vitro and in vivo NIR‐II photoacoustic imaging performances of Au@Au–Ag DCFs are demonstrated. Additionally, remarkable NIR‐II surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) activity of Au@Au–Ag DCFs is evidenced with the maximum NIR‐II SERS enhancement occurring at a plasmon resonance wavelength blue‐shifting from the incident laser wavelength and an excellent effective detection depth. Finally, the potential of the developed Au@Au–Ag DCFs is highlighted for in vivo NIR‐II SERS detection of microtumors in animals.
Programmable Metal Nanoclusters with Atomic Precision
Authors: Li Yingwei , Zhou Meng , Jin Rongchao 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWith the recent establishment of atomically precise nanochemistry, capabilities toward programmable control over the nanoparticle size and structure are being developed. Advances in the synthesis of atomically precise nanoclusters (NCs, 1–3 nm) have been made in recent years, and more importantly, their total structures (core plus ligands) have been mapped out by X‐ray crystallography. These ultrasmall Au nanoparticles exhibit strong quantum‐confinement effect, manifested in their optical absorption properties. With the advantage of atomic precision, gold‐thiolate nanoclusters (Aun(SR)m) are revealed to contain an inner kernel, Au–S interface (motifs), and surface ligand (‐R) shell. Programming the atomic packing into various crystallographic structures of the metal kernel can be achieved, which plays a significant role in determining the optical properties and the energy gap (Eg) of NCs. When the size increases, a general trend is observed for NCs with fcc or decahedral kernels, whereas those NCs with icosahedral kernels deviate from the general trend by showing comparably smaller Eg. Comparisons are also made to further demonstrate the more decisive role of the kernel structure over surface motifs based on isomeric Au NCs and NC series with evolving kernel or motif structures. Finally, future perspectives are discussed.
Metal–Organic Frameworks and Metal–Organic Gels for Oxygen Electrocatalysis: Structural and Compositional Considerations
Authors: Wang Hao , Chen Biao‐Hua , Liu Di‐Jia 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIncreasing demand for sustainable and clean energy is calling for the next‐generation energy conversion and storage technologies such as fuel cells, water electrolyzers, CO2/N2 reduction electrolyzers, metal–air batteries, etc. All these electrochemical processes involve oxygen electrocatalysis. Boosting the intrinsic activity and the active‐site density through rational design of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and metal–organic gels (MOGs) as precursors represents a new approach toward improving oxygen electrocatalysis efficiency. MOFs/MOGs afford a broad selection of combinations between metal nodes and organic linkers and are known to produce electrocatalysts with high surface areas, variable porosity, and excellent activity after pyrolysis. Some recent studies on MOFs/MOGs for oxygen electrocatalysis and their new perspectives in synthesis, characterization, and performance are discussed. New insights on the structural and compositional design in MOF/MOG‐derived oxygen electrocatalysts are summarized. Critical challenges and future research directions are also outlined.
Golden Vaterite as a Mesoscopic Metamaterial for Biophotonic Applications
Authors: Noskov Roman E. , Machnev Andrey , Shishkin Ivan I. , Novoselova Marina V. , Gayer Alexey V. , Ezhov Alexander A. , Shirshin Evgeny A. , German Sergei V. , Rukhlenko Ivan D. , Fleming Simon , Khlebtsov Boris N. , Gorin Dmitry A. , Ginzburg Pavel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMesoscopic photonic systems with tailored optical responses have great potential to open new frontiers in implantable biomedical devices. However, biocompatibility is typically a problem, as engineering of optical properties often calls for using toxic compounds and chemicals, unsuitable for in vivo applications. Here, a unique approach to biofriendly delivery of optical resonances is demonstrated. It is shown that the controllable infusion of gold nanoseeds into polycrystalline sub‐micrometer vaterite spherulites gives rise to a variety of electric and magnetic Mie resonances, producing a tuneable mesoscopic optical metamaterial. The 3D reconstruction of the spherulites demonstrates the capability of controllable gold loading with volumetric filling factors exceeding 28%. Owing to the biocompatibility of the constitutive elements, “golden vaterite” paves the way to introduce designer‐made Mie resonances to cutting‐edge biophotonic applications. This concept is exemplified by showing efficient laser heating of gold‐filled vaterite spherulites at red and near‐infrared wavelengths, highly desirable in photothermal therapy, and photoacoustic tomography.
Towards Large‐Scale Fabrication of Self‐Healable Functional Hydrogel Coatings for Anti‐Fog/Frost Surfaces and Flexible Sensors
Authors: Yan Yonggan , Cui Jiuyu , Qiu Xiaoyong , Liu Hanlian , Liu Xiang , Yao Peng , Huang Jun , Cui Xin , Liang Xiubing , Huang Chuanzhen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHydrogel coatings have drawn substantial research interest owing to their great potential in developing advanced flexible devices. However, most of them cannot meet the requirement of large‐scale application on diverse substrates and would lose their functionalities under harsh conditions. In this work, a large‐scale and surface‐independent multifunctional hydrogel coating is developed by directly painting and ultraviolet curing hybrid hydrogel precursor containing acrylamide (AM), branched polyethylenimine (PEI), CaCl2, and glycerol. Such a coating shows superior anti‐fog and anti‐frost properties owing to the hydrophilic nature and freezing‐tolerance of the hydrogel. Besides, the hydrogel coating possesses excellent self‐healing performance at both macro‐ and micro‐ scales because of the dynamic hydrogen bonds prevailing between the polymer chains in a gel network. Moreover, this hydrogel coating also exhibits electric conductivity due to the mobile ions present in the gel network. By patterning the hydrogel coating onto an elastic substrate, a foldable tape sensor is fabricated which can sensitively distinguish short‐time click (≈0.1–0.2 s) from long‐time press (≈1–2 s) and detect electrical signals corresponding to cyclic bending deformation. This work provides practical demonstration of hydrogel coatings for engineering applications where anti‐fog, anti‐frosting, self‐healing, and electrically conductive properties are needed.
Silver‐Catalyzed Oxyphosphorylation of Unactivated Alkynes
Authors: Liu Binbin , Song Qingmin , Liu Zhaohong , Wang Zikun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHere, we describe an application of hydroazidation in the instant activation of alkynes for achieving the oxyphosphorylation of unactivated alkynes with diarylphosphinoyl radicals under mild reaction conditions. This reaction provides a method for accessing β‐ketophosphine oxides and phosphorus‐containing pyrroles.magnified image
Processable Thiophene‐Based Polymers with Tailored Electronic Properties and their Application in Solid‐State Electrochromic Devices Using Nanoparticle Films
Authors: Moreira Tiago , Maria Francesca Di , Zangoli Mattia , Fabiano Eduardo , Manet Ilse , Mazzaro Raffaello , Morandi Vittorio , Marinelli Martina , Gigli Giuseppe , Parola António Jorge , Laia César A. T. , Barbarella Giovanna 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe development of semiconductor polymers for electronic applications requires tailored synthetic strategies to obtain materials with tunable electronic properties and morphology to enhance their properties. Towards this goal, here is reported the expedient synthesis of a novel class of thiophene‐based electrochromic polymers, processable in organic solvents and as nanoparticles (NPs) in water. Their characterization and application in flexible solid‐state electrochromic devices (ECDs) are described. All polymers have a repeat unit made of the same linear thienyl–phenyl–thienyl–thienyl fragment. The tuning of the electro‐optical properties is achieved by introducing alkyl or alkoxy substituents in thiophene and/or by the presence of either CHCH or CH2CH2 linkers connecting the repeat units and acting as conjugation modulators. The ECDs display a bright yellow or red/magenta color in the neutral state and dark blue in the oxidized state. Redox potentials, color contrast, switching time, and stability of the devices are reported, and it is demonstrated that the use of NPs films spray‐coated from water instead of cast films from chloroform significantly improves their performance. Density functional theory calculations allow to elucidate the relationship between polymer structure and electrochromic properties and shed light on electronic structure changes upon oxidation, in agreement with spectroelectrochemistry.
Closed‐loop dynamic real‐time optimization with stabilizing model predictive control
Authors: Ramesh Praveen Sundaresan , Swartz Christopher L. E. , Mhaskar Prashant 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDynamic real‐time optimization (DRTO) is a supervisory strategy at the upper level of the industrial process automation architecture that computes economically optimal set‐point trajectories that are in turn passed on to the lower‐level model predictive control (MPC) for tracking. The economically optimal solution, in several process industries, could lead to operating the plant at or around an unstable steady state. The present article accounts for this by developing a closed‐loop DRTO (CL‐DRTO) formulation that enables handling unstable operating points via an underlying MPC with stability constraints. To this end, a stabilizing MPC that handles trajectory tracking for unstable systems is embedded within the upper‐level DRTO. The resulting CL‐DRTO problem is reformulated by applying a simultaneous solution approach. The economic benefits realized by the proposed strategy are illustrated through applications to both linearized and nonlinear dynamic models for single‐input single‐output and multi‐input multi‐output continuous stirred tank reactor case studies.
Literature review: Genetic conditions or anomalies in artworks
Authors: Toriello Helga V. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis is a literature review of publications describing artworks that include depictions of individuals with suspected genetic conditions or congenital anomalies. Types of artwork described in the identified papers included drawings, paintings, sculptures, carvings, or pottery. The papers included in this review consisted of general reviews, reviews of depictions of specific conditions, reviews of individual artists who had portrayed subjects with genetic conditions or anomalies, and artwork that generated discussions on possible diagnoses. Papers describing a single work were not included in this review.
Mythological figures in art and genetics: Current perspectives on cyclopia and chimerism
Authors: Syrrou Maria , Batistatou Anna , Zoubouli Maria , Pampanos Andreas 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMythical figures have been part of human cultural tradition for centuries, worldwide. Some of them were totally imaginary, others were likely inspired by individuals with malformation syndromes, while others are composites of parts of different species. Various artists have created works of art based on these mythical or hybrid beings, such as cyclops and chimeras. The plethora of representations of artworks in ancient, but also contemporary art (statues, paintings, illustrations, photographs, installations) is proof that they still continue to be a source of inspiration, although their rendering and interpretation have changed over time. Contemporary medical genetic knowledge has revealed the underlying pathogenesis and causative molecular basis of malformation syndromes and delineates the corresponding phenotypes. Today, many figures once viewed as mythical are reflected in living humans with medical diagnoses. Ancient terms that arose in mythology—cyclopia, chimera/ism, and others—live on in the medical literature.
Can a Christ child have Down syndrome?
Authors: Skotko Brian G. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractVirgin and Child, a painting attributed to a follower of Andrea Mantegna completed around 1460, is currently in storage at the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston. With special supervised permission, I have visited the painting three times to assess whether this Christ child might have Down syndrome. My conclusion evolved each time—as did my appreciation for the synergy between physicians and art historians.
Cross‐cultural representations of conjoined twins
Authors: Tekendo‐Ngongang Cedrik , Williams Keith J. , Williams Marc S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractConjoined twinning is a rare birth defect estimated to occur in about 1 in 50,000 to 100,000 births. The mechanism of conjoined twinning is not proven. Different forms of conjoined twinning are observed with the thoracopagus form being the most common. The rate of conjoined twinning is similar across all major populations. A dramatic malformation of this type would be an extraordinary occurrence leading people to reflect on the spiritual or supernatural nature of such an event. Therefore, it is not surprising that artifacts that seem to depict different forms of conjoined twins are seen across diverse cultures. In this article, we present a survey of these cultural artifacts including anatomic classification based on external anatomy and an exploration of the cultural and spiritual contexts associated with the artifacts. A key finding is that the most common form of conjoined twinning in the artifacts is parapagus (both dicephalus and diprosopus) in contrast to thoracopagus, the most common form in epidemiologic studies. Potential reasons for this difference are discussed. Evidence is presented to support the speculation that these objects represent artistic impressions of actual conjoined twinning events.
Longitudinal CSF proteomics identifies NPTX2 as a prognostic biomarker of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Libiger Ondrej , Shaw Leslie M. , Watson Mark H. , Nairn Angus C. , Umaña Kelly L. , Biarnes Michael C. , Canet‐Avilés Rosa M. , Jack Clifford R. , Breton Yannick‐André , Cortes Laetitia , Chelsky Daniel , Spellman Daniel S. , Baker Susan A. , Raghavan Nandini , Potter William Z. ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI),   Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH) Biomarkers Consortium, Longitudinal CSF Proteomics Project Team
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroduction: Biomarkers that reflect pathologic processes affecting neuronal function during preclinical and early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are needed to aid drug development.Methods: A targeted, stable isotope, quantitative mass spectrometry‐based investigation of longitudinal changes in concentrations of previously identified candidate biomarkers was performed in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative participants who were classified as cognitively normal (CN; n = 76) or with mild cognitive impairment (MCI; n = 111) at baseline.Results: Of the candidate biomarkers, the CSF concentration of neuronal pentraxin 2 (NPTX2), a protein involved in synaptic function, exhibited rates of change that were significantly different between three comparison groups (i.e., CN vs. MCI participants; AD pathology positive vs. negative defined by phosphorylated tau181/amyloid beta1‐42 ratio; and clinical progressors vs. non‐progressors). The rate of change of NPTX2 also significantly correlated with declining cognition.Discussion: CSF NPTX2 concentration is a strong prognostic biomarker candidate of accelerated cognitive decline with potential use as a therapeutic target.
Health utility in preclinical and prodromal Alzheimer's disease for establishing the value of new disease‐modifying treatments—EQ‐5D data from the Swedish BioFINDER study
Authors: Gustavsson Anders , Raket Lars Lau , Lilja Mathias , Rutten‐Jacobs Loes , Fues Wahl Hanna , Bagijn Marloes , Stomrud Erik , Hansson Oskar , Palmqvist Sebastian 
Published: May 2021

AbstractQuality of life and health utility are important outcomes for patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and central for demonstrating the value of new treatments. Estimates in biomarker‐confirmed AD populations are missing, potentially delaying payer approval of treatment. We examined whether health utility, assessed with the EuroQoL‐5 3‐level version (EQ‐5D‐3L), differed between individuals with a positive or negative amyloid beta (Aβ) biomarker in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and cognitively unimpaired (CU) participants from the Swedish BioFINDER study (n = 578). Participants with prodromal AD (Aβ‐positive MCI) reported better health utility (n = 79, mean = 0.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.77–0.85) than Aβ‐negative MCI (mean = 0.71, 95% CI 0.64–0.78), but worse than controls (Aβ‐negative CU, mean = 0.87, 95% CI 0.86–0.89). Health utility in preclinical AD (Aβ‐positive CU; mean = 0.86, 95% CI 0.83–0.89) was similar to controls. This relatively good health utility in prodromal AD suggests a larger value of delaying progression to dementia than previously anticipated and a great value of delaying clinical progression in preclinical AD.
Towards clinical application of tau PET tracers for diagnosing dementia due to Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Ossenkoppele Rik , Hansson Oskar 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe recent development of several tau positron emission tomography (PET) tracers represents a major milestone for the Alzheimer's disease (AD) field. These tau PET tracers bind tau neurofibrillary tangles, a key neuropathological characteristic of AD that is tightly linked to synaptic loss, brain atrophy, and cognitive decline. It is notable that these tau PET tracers show low uptake in most non‐AD tauopathies and other neurodegenerative disorders, resulting in a diagnostic specificity that is superior to that of amyloid beta (Aβ) PET and biofluid markers, especially at an older age when incidental Aβ pathology is common. Furthermore, tau PET tracers diagnostically outperform widely used MRI markers. Given its excellent diagnostic performance due to the combination of high sensitivity and specificity for detecting tau pathology in AD dementia, we hypothesize that tau PET can become an important diagnostic tool in specialized clinics for the differential diagnosis of dementia syndromes where AD is among the major possible underlying diseases.
Harmonizing neuropsychological assessment for mild neurocognitive disorders in Europe
Authors: Boccardi Marina , Monsch Andreas U. , Ferrari Clarissa , Altomare Daniele , Berres Manfred , Bos Isabelle , Buchmann Andreas , Cerami Chiara , Didic Mira , Festari Cristina , Nicolosi Valentina , Sacco Leonardo , Aerts Liesbeth , Albanese Emiliano , Annoni Jean‐Marie , Ballhausen Nicola , Chicherio Christian , Démonet Jean‐François , Descloux Virginie , Diener Suzie , Ferreira Daniel , Georges Jean , Gietl Anton , Girtler Nicola , Kilimann Ingo , Klöppel Stefan , Kustyniuk Nicole , Mecocci Patrizia , Mella Nathalie , Pigliautile Martina , Seeher Katrin , Shirk Steven D. , Toraldo Alessio , Brioschi‐Guevara Andrea , Chan Kwun C. G. , Crane Paul K. , Dodich Alessandra , Grazia Alice , Kochan Nicole A , de Oliveira Fabricio Ferreira , Nobili Flavio , Kukull Walter , Peters Oliver , Ramakers Inez , Sachdev Perminder S. , Teipel Stefan , Visser Pieter Jelle , Wagner Michael , Weintraub Sandra , Westman Eric , Froelich Lutz , Brodaty Henry , Dubois Bruno , Cappa Stefano F. , Salmon David , Winblad Bengt , Frisoni Giovanni B. , Kliegel Matthias ,   the Consortium for the Harmonization of Neuropsychological Assessment for Neurocognitive Disorders (https://nextcloud.dzne.de/index.php/s/EwXjLab9caQTbQe)
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionHarmonized neuropsychological assessment for neurocognitive disorders, an international priority for valid and reliable diagnostic procedures, has been achieved only in specific countries or research contexts.MethodsTo harmonize the assessment of mild cognitive impairment in Europe, a workshop (Geneva, May 2018) convened stakeholders, methodologists, academic, and non‐academic clinicians and experts from European, US, and Australian harmonization initiatives.ResultsWith formal presentations and thematic working‐groups we defined a standard battery consistent with the U.S. Uniform DataSet, version 3, and homogeneous methodology to obtain consistent normative data across tests and languages. Adaptations consist of including two tests specific to typical Alzheimer's disease and behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia. The methodology for harmonized normative data includes consensus definition of cognitively normal controls, classification of confounding factors (age, sex, and education), and calculation of minimum sample sizes.DiscussionThis expert consensus allows harmonizing the diagnosis of neurocognitive disorders across European countries and possibly beyond.