bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationships between fear of cancer recurrence, spiritual well‐being and psychological resilience in non‐metastatic breast cancer survivors during the COVID‐19 outbreak
Authors: Koral Lokman , Cirak Yalcin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis study examines the relationships between fear of cancer recurrence (FCR), spiritual well‐being (SWB) and psychological resilience in breast cancer survivors during the COVID‐19 outbreak, and investigates to what extent breast cancer survivors’ sociodemographic characteristics affect FCR, SWB and psychological resilience levels.MethodsThe study was conducted at Canakkale University Hospital in Turkey. Included in the study were 82 non‐metastatic breast cancer patients whose clinical outcomes were followed‐up after primary treatment, but suspended due to the COVID‐19 outbreak. FCR, SWB and psychological resilience were assessed using the FCR inventory‐short form (FCRI‐SF), SWB scale and the brief resilience scale (BRS), respectively.ResultsThe mean scores of breast cancer survivors concerning FCR, SWB, and psychological resilience were 17.77 ± 5.38, 36.20 ± 6.21 and 20.01 ± 4.51, respectively. A significant negative correlation was noted between the scores of FCR and SWB and psychological resilience (r = −0.329, p < 0.001 and r = −0.316, p = 0.004, respectively). Additionally, a significantly positive correlation was identified between psychological resilience and SWB (r = 0.501, p = 0.003). A hierarchical linear regression analysis with FCRI‐SF as the dependent variable, and SWB and BRS as explanatory variables, indicated that SWB affects FCRI‐SF scores and is a potential predictor of FCR. A mediation analysis revealed that SWB partially mediated the relationship between psychological resilience and FCR.ConclusionBreast cancer survivors with high SWB and psychological resilience scores experience less FCR, despite their failure to maintain the medical follow‐up due to the COVID‐19 outbreak. Efforts should be made to increase the psychological resilience and SWB of patients diagnosed with breast cancer.
Sildenafil for pulmonary hypertension in neonates: An updated systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: He Zonglin , Zhu Sui , Zhou Kai , Jin Ya , He Longkai , Xu Weipeng , Lao CheokUn , Liu Guosheng , Han Shasha 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo provide an updated review and meta‐analysis on the efficacy and safety of sildenafil for treating persistent pulmonary hypertension in neonates (PPHN).MethodsPubMed/Medline, SCOPUS, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science were searched from the inception of publication to January 2021. The principal outcomes include oxygenation parameters, hemodynamic metrics and echocardiographic measurements, as well as adverse outcomes.ResultsA total of eight studies were included with 216 term and premature neonates with PPHN. Compelling evidence showed the use of sildenafil could improve the prognosis of PPHN neonates, compared with baseline or placebo in neonates with PPHN, and a time‐dependent pattern of the improvements can be observed. After 24 h of treatment, the Oxygenation index suggested a steady decrease (SD: −1.80, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −2.92, −0.67) and sildenafil exerted peak effects after 72 h of treatment (SD: −4.02, 95% CI: −5.45, −2.59). No clinically significant side effects were identified. Egger's test and funnel plots of the major outcomes were performed, and the publication bias was not significant.ConclusionImprovements were shown in oxygenation index, pulmonary arterial pressure, and adverse outcomes after using sildenafil for PPHN in neonates. However, future research with robust longitudinal or randomized controlled design is still needed.
Ultrasensitive Molecule Detection Based on Infrared Metamaterial Absorber with Vertical Nanogap
Authors: Hwang Inyong , Kim Mingyun , Yu Jaeyeon , Lee Jihye , Choi Jun‐Hyuk , Park Su A. , Chang Won Seok , Lee Jongwon , Jung Joo‐Yun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSurface‐enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) spectroscopy is a powerful methodology for sensing and identifying small quantities of analyte molecules via coupling between molecular vibrations and an enhanced near‐field induced in engineered structures. A metamaterial absorber (MA) is proposed as an efficient SEIRA platform; however, its efficiency is limited because it requires the appropriate insulator thickness and has a limited accessible area for sensing. SEIRA spectroscopy is proposed using an MA with a 10 nm thick vertical nanogap, and a record‐high reflection difference SEIRA signal of 36% is experimentally achieved using a 1‐octadecanethiol monolayer target molecule. Theoretical and experimental comparative studies are conducted using MAs with three different vertical nanogaps. The MAs with a vertical nanogap are processed using nanoimprint lithography and isotropic dry etching, which allow cost‐effective large‐area patterning and mass production. The proposed structure may provide promising routes for ultrasensitive sensing and detection applications.
Shear force redistributions and resistance of slabs and wide beams
Authors: Cantone Raffaele , Fernández Ruiz Miguel , Muttoni Aurelio 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRedistribution of shear forces in reinforced concrete members without shear reinforcement is a key aspect for the assessment of the shear capacity of wide beams and slabs. Such redistributions are due to the nonlinear response of reinforced concrete (both in bending and shear) and have the potential to significantly modify the internal forces during loading. This phenomenon allows in many cases, as for slabs linearly supported and subjected to concentrated forces, to increase the level of load even when some regions have already attained their local shear resistance. This work introduces the results of an experimental programme performed on three cantilever slabs subjected either to strip loads or to concentrated loads. Shear redistributions close to failure are investigated on the basis of refined measurements performed on the concrete surface and on the reinforcement bars. The results show the significance of several mechanical parameters, as well as how shear redistributions occur when some regions are in softening (post‐peak behavior) while others have still not attained their local shear resistance. On this basis, a comprehensive approach is presented for determining the redistributions of internal forces and to predict the shear capacity of reinforced concrete slabs subjected to concentrated loads near linear supports. The performance of such approach is eventually validated against test data and practical recommendations are proposed for design and assessment.
Ontogenetic Changes in Behavioral and Energetic Responses of Juvenile Atlantic Croaker to an Estuarine Salinity Gradient
Authors: Lankford Thomas E. , Targett Timothy E. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLarval Atlantic Croakers Micropogonias undulatus ingress into estuaries from offshore spawning sites during fall and winter. Larvae and early juveniles migrate up‐estuary to oligohaline nurseries where they reside for several months before emigrating seaward. We examined the ontogenetic changes in behavioral salinity preference and avoidance as potential contributors to these movement patterns along the estuarine salinity gradient. Four size‐classes (26–40, 41–55, 56–70, and 71–85 mm SL) were acclimated to 10‰ and 18°C and exposed to horizontal salinity gradients providing five discrete salinity choices: 2, 6, 10, 14, and 18‰. Behavioral salinity preference varied ontogenetically: 26–40‐mm juveniles avoided salinities ≤10‰ and preferred higher salinities, 41–55‐mm juveniles showed a shift toward lower salinities, and 56–70‐mm fish continued this trend by preferring 2‰ and avoiding 18‰. The largest fish tested (71–85 mm) showed no significant preference or avoidance behavior, although they tended to avoid the low and prefer the high salinities that were tested. The preference for higher salinities among early (26–40 mm) juveniles may facilitate orientation in higher‐salinity bottom waters by assisting up‐estuary immigration to oligohaline nurseries via the residual bottom‐layer inflow. The preference for low salinity of 56–70‐mm juveniles is consistent with their residence in oligohaline areas. We also conducted feeding and growth experiments, at 18°C, on 30–40‐mm and 75–85‐mm fish, corresponding to the smallest and largest fish in the salinity preference trials. Smaller juveniles showed no significant energetic advantage in oligohaline versus mesohaline conditions. However, larger juveniles grew significantly faster at 18‰ than at 2‰, indicating that down‐estuary movement during summer and fall improves growth capacity later in the nursery season. The increased precipitation and river discharge that is predicted from climate change and its associated stronger net up‐estuary flow of saline bottom waters may facilitate the up‐estuary immigration of early juvenile Atlantic Croakers through their attraction to higher salinity, as is demonstrated by the present work.
Effects of Temperature Fluctuation on Burbot Embryos: Implications of Hydropower and Climate Change
Authors: Ashton Neil K. , Ross Tyler J. , Hardy Ryan S. , Stephenson Sarah M. , Evans Valerie , Jensen Nathan R. , Young Shawn P. , Cain Kenneth D. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPopulations of Burbot Lota lota across the Holarctic ecozone are facing imperilment from environmental warming, particularly in ecosystems impacted by hydropower and climate change. We conducted a series of laboratory experiments to evaluate the tolerance of Burbot embryos to various thermal regimes. Both cyclical and constant warming between 4.0°C and 5.5°C during the initial 25 degree‐days of embryo development led to significant deformity and mortality of protolarvae, with faster rates of temperature increase (i.e., 0.4°C/d) causing greater harm than gradual rates of warming. Random family effects interacted with incubation temperature of embryos to account for significant variability in deformity and survival of protolarvae. These findings have management implications for identifying and/or augmenting the thermal fitness of populations in modified ecosystems, particularly in Burbot populations where aquaculture production supports abundance. A model of hatching time based on degree‐days of embryo development was also developed to improve predictions of natural emergence, peak larvae abundance, and optimal timing for larvae stocking. It is recommended that hydropower operations avoid thermopeaking during winter spawning of Burbot, especially if reservoir discharges exceed 4°C. Maintaining water temperatures below 3°C for at least the first 2 weeks of embryogenesis is critical for Burbot reproduction and underscores the importance of ice‐covered spawning habitats. Global climate trends are expected to exacerbate warming in rivers, and many challenges lie ahead for conservation efforts seeking to mitigate the risks of Burbot extirpation.
Spatial distribution of sulfur accumulation in urban dust and its societal implications in Al Hashemiya, Jordan
Authors: Mashal Kholoud , Ali Yahya , Al‐Qinna Mohammed , Salahat Mohammed , Al‐Degs Yahya S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe importance of this study stems from incorporating social aspects with environmental indicators. A field survey was conducted using a multistage representative sample of 120 households, in addition to 43 dust samples. The results revealed a consensus of local residents who believe that the petroleum refinery, thermal plant, and wastewater treatment plant are harming their environment and causing negative health impacts. Moreover, more than 70% of residents believe that the Al‐Samra plant in addition 50% of residents believe that the thermal plant has negative impact on families’ health. The generated Krig map indicates the nonisotropic spatial distribution behavior of sulfur and contains high sulfate values (above 500 mg/kg) close to the petroleum refinery. The results demonstrate the importance of implementing more environment friendly systems to minimize the tremendous impact of local heavy industries on local communities and the natural environment.
A feasibility trial of gamma sensory flicker for patients with prodromal Alzheimer's disease
Authors: He Qiliang , Colon‐Motas Kay M. , Pybus Alyssa F. , Piendel Lydia , Seppa Jonna K. , Walker Margaret L. , Manzanares Cecelia M. , Qiu Deqiang , Miocinovic Svjetlana , Wood Levi B. , Levey Allan I. , Lah James J. , Singer Annabelle C. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionWe and collaborators discovered that flickering lights and sound at gamma frequency (40 Hz) reduce Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology and alter immune cells and signaling in mice. To determine the feasibility of this intervention in humans we tested the safety, tolerability, and daily adherence to extended audiovisual gamma flicker stimulation.MethodsTen patients with mild cognitive impairment due to underlying AD received 1‐hour daily gamma flicker using audiovisual stimulation for 4 or 8 weeks at home with a delayed start design.ResultsGamma flicker was safe, tolerable, and adherable. Participants’ neural activity entrained to stimulation. Magnetic resonance imaging and cerebral spinal fluid proteomics show preliminary evidence that prolonged flicker affects neural networks and immune factors in the nervous system.DiscussionThese findings show that prolonged gamma sensory flicker is safe, tolerable, and feasible with preliminary indications of immune and network effects, supporting further study of gamma stimulation in AD.
The electro-weak phase transition at colliders: confronting theoretical uncertainties and complementary channels
Authors: Papaefstathiou Andreas , White Graham 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We explore and contrast the capabilities of future colliders to probe the nature of the electro-weak phase transition. We focus on the real singlet scalar field extension of the Standard Model, representing the most minimal, yet most elusive, framework that can enable a strong first-order electro-weak phase transition. By taking into account the theoretical uncertainties and employing the powerful complementarity between gauge and Higgs boson pair channels in the searches for new scalar particles, we find that a 100 TeV proton collider has the potential to confirm or falsify a strong first-order transition. Our results hint towards this occurring relatively early in its lifetime. Furthermore, by extrapolating down to 27 TeV, we find that a lower-energy collider may also probe a large fraction of the parameter space, if not all. Such early discoveries would allow for precise measurements of the new phenomena to be obtained at future colliders and would pave the way to definitively verify whether this is indeed the physical remnant of a scalar field that catalyses a strong first-order transition.
Holographic Coulomb branch solitons, quasinormal modes, and black holes
Authors: Kumar S. Prem , O’Bannon Andy , Pribytok Anton , Rodgers Ronnie 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Four-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory, at a point on the Coulomb branch where SU(N) gauge symmetry is spontaneously broken to SU(N − 1) × U(1), admits BPS solitons describing a spherical shell of electric and/or magnetic charges enclosing a region of unbroken gauge symmetry. These solitons have been proposed as gauge theory models for certain features of asymptotically flat extremal black holes. In the ’t Hooft large N limit with large ’t Hooft coupling, these solitons are holographically dual to certain probe D3-branes in the AdS5 × S5 solution of type IIB supergravity. By studying linearised perturbations of these D3-branes, we show that the solitons support quasinormal modes with a spectrum of frequencies sharing both qualitative and quantitative features with asymptotically flat extremal black holes.
Stochastic computation of g − 2 in QED
Authors: Kitano Ryuichiro , Takaura Hiromasa , Hashimoto Shoji 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We perform a numerical computation of the anomalous magnetic moment (g − 2) of the electron in QED by using the stochastic perturbation theory. Formulating QED on the lattice, we develop a method to calculate the coefficients of the perturbative series of g − 2 without the use of the Feynman diagrams. We demonstrate the feasibility of the method by performing a computation up to the α3 order and compare with the known results. This program provides us with a totally independent check of the results obtained by the Feynman diagrams and will be useful for the estimations of not-yet-calculated higher order values. This work provides an example of the application of the numerical stochastic perturbation theory to physical quantities, for which the external states have to be taken on-shell.
On a stochastic order induced by an extension of Panjer’s family of discrete distributions
Authors: Beknazaryan Aleksandr , Adamic Peter 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe factorize probability mass functions of discrete distributions belonging to Panjer’s family and to its certain extensions to define a stochastic order on the space of distributions supported on $${\mathbb {N}}_0$$

N
0

. Main properties of this order are presented. Comparison of some well-known distributions with respect to this order allows to generate new families of distributions that satisfy various recurrrence relations. The recursion formula for the probabilities of corresponding compound distributions for one such family is derived. Applications to various domains of reliability theory are provided.
Correlations between IL-6 serum level and olfactory dysfunction severity in COVID-19 patients: a preliminary study
Authors: Vaira Luigi Angelo , De Vito Andrea , Deiana Giovanna , Pes Chiara , Giovanditto Federica , Fiore Vito , Lechien Jerome R. , Le Bon Serge-Daniel , Saussez Sven , Madeddu Giordano , Babudieri Sergio , Pazzola Antonio , Bandiera Franco , Fois Alessandro Giuseppe , Piana Andrea Fausto , Hopkins Claire , De Riu Giacomo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a proinflammatory cytokine that is secreted by cells infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and it is widely recognized as a negative prognostic factor. The purpose of this study was to analyze the correlations between the olfactory scores determined by psychophysical tests and the serum levels of IL-6 in patients affected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Methods
Patients underwent psychophysical olfactory assessment with Connecticut Chemosensory Clinical Research Center test and IL-6 plasma level determination within 10 days of the clinical onset of COVID-19.

Results
Seventy-four COVID-19 patients were included in this study. COVID-19 staged as mild in 34 patients, moderate in 26 and severe in 14 cases. There were no significant differences in olfactory scores across the different COVID-19 severity groups. In the patient series, the median plasma level of IL-6 was 7.7 pg/mL (IQR 3.7–18.8). The concentration of IL-6 was found to be significantly correlated with the severity of COVID-19 with a directly proportional relationship. The correlation between IL-6 plasma concentrations and olfactory scores was weak (rs = 0.182) and not significant (p = 0.12).

Conclusions
In COVID-19 patients, psychophysical olfactory scores did not show significant correlations with the plasma levels of a well-recognized negative prognostic factor such as IL-6. This observation casts some shadows on the positive prognostic value of olfactory dysfunctions.
Missense variant in LOXHD1 is associated with canine nonsyndromic hearing loss
Authors: Hytönen Marjo K. , Niskanen Julia E. , Arumilli Meharji , Brookhart-Knox Casey A. , Donner Jonas , Lohi Hannes 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHearing loss is a common sensory deficit in both humans and dogs. In canines, the genetic basis is largely unknown, as genetic variants have only been identified for a syndromic form of hearing impairment. We observed a congenital or early-onset sensorineural hearing loss in a Rottweiler litter. Assuming an autosomal recessive inheritance, we used a combined approach of homozygosity mapping and genome sequencing to dissect the genetic background of the disorder. We identified a fully segregating missense variant in LOXHD1, a gene that is known to be essential for cochlear hair cell function and associated with nonsyndromic hearing loss in humans and mice. The canine LOXHD1 variant was specific to the Rottweiler breed in our study cohorts of pure-bred dogs. However, it also was present in some mixed-breed dogs, of which the majority showed Rottweiler ancestry. Low allele frequencies in these populations, 2.6% and 0.04%, indicate a rare variant. To summarize, our study describes the first genetic variant for canine nonsyndromic hearing loss, which is clinically and genetically similar to human LOXHD1-related hearing disorder, and therefore, provides a new large animal model for hearing loss. Equally important, the affected breed will benefit from a genetic test to eradicate this LOXHD1-related hearing disorder from the population.
Ectomycorrhiza resilience and recovery to extreme flood events in Tuber aestivum and Quercus robur
Authors: Thomas P. W. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractVery little is known about the impact of flooding and ground saturation on ectomycorrhizal fungi (EcM) and increasing flood events are expected with predicted climate change. To explore this, seedlings inoculated with the EcM species Tuber aestivum were exposed to a range of flood durations. Oak seedlings inoculated with T. aestivum were submerged for between 7 and 65 days. After a minimum of 114-day recovery, seedling growth measurements were recorded, and root systems were destructively sampled to measure the number of existing mycorrhizae in different zones. Number of mycorrhizae did not display correlation with seedling growth measurements. Seven days of submersion resulted in a significant reduction in mycorrhizae numbers and numbers reduced most drastically in the upper zones. Increases in duration of submersion further impacted mycorrhizae numbers in the lowest soil zone only. T. aestivum mycorrhizae can survive flood durations of at least 65 days. After flooding, mycorrhizae occur in higher numbers in the lowest soil zone, suggesting a mix of resilience and recovery. The results will aid in furthering our understanding of EcM but also may aid in conservation initiatives as well as providing insight for those whose livelihoods revolve around the collection of EcM fruiting bodies or cropping of the plant partners.
The Turbulent Flow over the BARC Rectangular Cylinder: A DNS Study
Authors: Chiarini Alessandro , Quadrio Maurizio 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA direct numerical simulation (DNS) of the incompressible flow around a rectangular cylinder with chord-to-thickness ratio 5:1 (also known as the BARC benchmark) is presented. The work replicates the first DNS of this kind recently presented by Cimarelli et al. (J Wind Eng Ind Aerodyn 174:39–495, 2018), and intends to contribute to a solid numerical benchmark, albeit at a relatively low value of the Reynolds number. The study differentiates from previous work by using an in-house finite-differences solver instead of the finite-volumes toolbox OpenFOAM, and by employing finer spatial discretization and longer temporal average. The main features of the flow are described, and quantitative differences with the existing results are highlighted. The complete set of terms appearing in the budget equation for the components of the Reynolds stress tensor is provided for the first time. The different regions of the flow where production, redistribution and dissipation of each component take place are identified, and the anisotropic and inhomogeneous nature of the flow is discussed. Such information is valuable for the verification and fine-tuning of turbulence models in this complex separating and reattaching flow.