bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Hallmarks of Copper Single Atom Catalysts in Direct Alcohol Fuel Cells and Electrochemical CO2 Fixation
Authors: Pieta Izabela S. , Kadam Ravishankar G. , Pieta Piotr , Mrdenovic Dusan , Nowakowski Robert , Bakandritsos Aristides , Tomanec Ondrej , Petr Martin , Otyepka Michal , Kostecki Robert , Khan M. A. Majeed , Zboril Radek , Gawande Manoj B. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSingle‐atom catalysts (SACs) are highly enviable to exploit the utmost utilization of metallic catalysts; their efficiency by utilizing nearly all atoms to often exhibit high catalytic performances. To architect the isolated single atom on an ideal solid support with strong coordination has remained a crucial trial. Herein, graphene functionalized with nitrile groups (cyanographene) as an ideal support to immobilize isolated copper atoms G(CN)‐Cu with strong coordination is reported. The precisely designed mixed‐valence single atom copper (G(CN)‐Cu) catalysts deliver exceptional conversions for electrochemical methanol oxidation (MOR) and CO2 reduction (CO2RR) targeting a “closed carbon cycle.” An onset of MOR and CO2RR are obtained to be ≈0.4 V and ≈−0.7 versus Ag/AgCl, respectively, with single active sites located in an unsaturated coordination environment, it being the most active Cu sites for both studied reactions. Moreover, G(CN)‐Cu exhibited significantly lower resistivity and higher current density toward MOR and CO2RR than observed for reference catalysts.
TAK1 Phosphorylates RASSF9 and Inhibits Esophageal Squamous Tumor Cell Proliferation by Targeting the RAS/MEK/ERK Axis
Authors: Shi Hui , Ju Qianqian , Mao Yinting , Wang Yuejun , Ding Jie , Liu Xiaoyu , Tang Xin , Sun Cheng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTGF‐β‐activated kinase 1 (TAK1), a serine/threonine kinase, is a key intermediate in several signaling pathways. However, its role in tumorigenesis is still not understood well. In this study, it is found that TAK1 expression decreases in esophageal tumor tissues and cell lines. In vitro experiments demonstrate that proliferation of esophageal tumor cells is enhanced by knockdown of TAK1 expression and attenuated by elevated expression of TAK1. Using a subcutaneous tumor model, these observations are confirmed in vivo. Based on the results from co‐immunoprecipitation coupled with mass spectrometry, Ras association
domain family 9 (RASSF9) is identified as a downstream target of TAK1. TAK1 phosphorylates RASSF9 at S284, which leads to reduced RAS dimerization, thereby blocking RAF/MEK/ERK signal transduction. Clinical survey reveals that TAK1 expression is inversely correlated with survival in esophageal cancer patients. Taken together, the data reveal that TAK1‐mediated phosphorylation of RASSF9 at Ser284 negatively regulates esophageal tumor cell proliferation via inhibition of the RAS/MEK/ERK axis.
Growth of NiAl‐Layered Double Hydroxide on Graphene toward Excellent Anticorrosive Microwave Absorption Application
Authors: Xu Xuefei , Shi Shaohua , Tang Yulin , Wang Guizhen , Zhou Maofan , Zhao Guoqing , Zhou Xuechun , Lin Shiwei , Meng Fanbin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHigh‐performance microwave absorbers with special features are desired to meet the requirements of more complex modern service environments, especially corrosive environments. Therefore, high‐efficiency microwave absorbers with corrosion resistance should be developed urgently. Herein, a 3D NiAl‐layered double hydroxide/graphene (NiAl‐LDH/G) composite synthesized by atomic‐layer‐deposition‐assisted in situ growth is presented as an anticorrosive microwave absorber. The content of NiAl‐LDH in the composite is optimized to achieve impedance matching. Furthermore, under the cooperative effects of the interface polarization loss, conduction loss, and 3D porous sandwich‐like structure, the optimal NiAl‐LDH/G shows excellent microwave absorption performance with a minimum reflection loss of −41.5 dB and a maximum effective absorption bandwidth of 4.4 GHz at a loading of only 7 wt% in epoxy. Remarkably, the encapsulation effect of NiAl‐LDH can restrain the galvanic corrosion owing to graphene. The epoxy coating with the NiAl‐LDH/G microwave absorber on carbon steel exhibits long‐term corrosion resistance, owing to the synergetic effect of the superior impermeability of graphene and the chloridion‐capture capacity of the NiAl‐LDH. The NiAl‐LDH/G composite is a promising anticorrosive microwave absorber, and the findings of this study may motivate the development of functional microwave absorbers that meet the demands of anticorrosive performance of coatings.
Insight into the Critical Role of Exchange Current Density on Electrodeposition Behavior of Lithium Metal
Authors: Liu Yangyang , Xu Xieyu , Sadd Matthew , Kapitanova Olesya O. , Krivchenko Victor A. , Ban Jun , Wang Jialin , Jiao Xingxing , Song Zhongxiao , Song Jiangxuan , Xiong Shizhao , Matic Aleksandar 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDue to an ultrahigh theoretical specific capacity of 3860 mAh g−1, lithium (Li) is regarded as the ultimate anode for high‐energy‐density batteries. However, the practical application of Li metal anode is hindered by safety concerns and low Coulombic efficiency both of which are resulted fromunavoidable dendrite growth during electrodeposition. This study focuses on a critical parameter for electrodeposition, the exchange current density, which has attracted only little attention in research on Li metal batteries. A phase‐field model is presented to show the effect of exchange current density on electrodeposition behavior of Li. The results show that a uniform distribution of cathodic current density, hence uniform electrodeposition, on electrode is obtained with lower exchange current density. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that lower exchange current density contributes to form a larger critical radius of nucleation in the initial electrocrystallization that results in a dense deposition of Li, which is a foundation for improved Coulombic efficiency and dendrite‐free morphology. The findings not only pave the way to practical rechargeable Li metal batteries but can also be translated to the design of stable metal anodes, e.g., for sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), and zinc (Zn) batteries.
Reversible Treatment of Pressure Overload‐Induced Left Ventricular Hypertrophy through Drd5 Nucleic Acid Delivery Mediated by Functional Polyaminoglycoside
Authors: Jiang Xiaoliang , Shao Meiyu , Liu Xue , Liu Xing , Zhang Xu , Wang Yuming , Yin Kunlun , Wang Shuiyun , Hu Yang , Jose Pedro A , Zhou Zhou , Xu Fu‐Jian , Yang Zhiwei 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLeft ventricular hypertrophy and fibrosis are major risk factors for heart failure, which require timely and effective treatment. Genetic therapy has been shown to ameliorate hypertrophic cardiac damage. In this study, it is found that in mice, the dopamine D5 receptor (D5R) expression in the left ventricle (LV) progressively decreases with worsening of transverse aortic constriction‐induced left ventricular hypertrophy. Then, a reversible treatment of left ventricular hypertrophy with Drd5 nucleic acids delivered by tobramycin‐based hyperbranched polyaminoglycoside (SS‐HPT) is studied. The heart‐specific increase in D5R expression by SS‐HPT/Drd5 plasmid in the early stage of left ventricular hypertrophy attenuates cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis by preventing oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and ameliorating autophagic dysregulation. By contrast, SS‐HPT/Drd5 siRNA promotes the progression of left ventricular hypertrophy and accelerates the deterioration of myocardial function into heart failure. The reduction in cardiac D5R expression and dysregulated autophagy are observed in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and heart failure. The data show a cardiac‐specific beneficial effect of SS‐HPT/Drd5 plasmid on myocardial remodeling and dysfunction, which may provide an effective therapy of patients with left ventricular hypertrophy and heart failure.
Optimizing Annealing Process for Ferroelectric Y‐Doped HfO2 Thin Films by All‐Inorganic Aqueous Precursor Solution
Authors: Wang Jingjing , Zhou Dayu , Dong Wei , Yao Yifan , Sun Nana , Ali Faizan , Hou Xiaoduo , Liu Feng 
Published: January 2021

Abstract10 nm thick yttrium doped HfO2 (Y:HfO2) thin films are prepared on Si (100) substrates by the chemical solution deposition method using all‐inorganic aqueous salt precursors. The influence of the annealing process, consisting of annealing temperature, holding time, and heating rate, on the crystalline structure and ferroelectric properties of thin films is investigated. Results show that the crystalline structure and ferroelectric properties of films exhibit a strong annealing process dependence. The monoclinic phase and asymmetric orthorhombic phase coexist in the films. The annealing process of the best ferroelectric behavior is obtained by using annealing temperature at 700 °C for 30 s with a heating rate of 30 °C s−1 in N2 atmosphere. The film exhibits lowest m‐phase fraction of 17.9%, accompanied with the highest remanent polarization of 21.4 µC cm−2.
Anomalous Current Decrease Under Illumination in Ambipolar Phototransistors Based on PTCDI‐C5 Crystals Embedded in C8‐BTBT Thin Film
Authors: Tarsoly Gergely , Choi Youngill , You Young Gyu , Jhang Sung Ho , Pyo Seungmoon 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMost organic thin film‐based phototransistors exhibit an increase in current under illumination owing to the trapped photogenerated minority charge carriers, which enhance the accumulation of majority carriers in the semiconductor layer of the device. Recent research reveals that, on employing a unique active layer structure, phototransistor devices exhibit abnormal photoresponse behaviors under certain conditions: hole‐dominated current decreases under illumination and shows an anomalous dependence on irradiance. The current decreases with increasing irradiance. When the irradiance is increased further, a moderate current increase is observed. Under a constant negative bias, when a discrete light pulse is turned on, the current decreases sharply and then slowly increases to saturation in the beginning and it starts to increase when illumination is ceased. These anomalies are analyzed, and the changes in current are modeled using a mathematical model based on the simultaneous trapping and release of both photogenerated holes and electrons.
Chlorophyll meter‐based leaf nitrogen status to manage nitrogen in tropical potato production
Authors: Fernandes Fabiana M. , Soratto Rogério P. , Fernandes Adalton M. , Souza Emerson F. C. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPotato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a N intensive crop, and meeting its requirements with N fertilization is the primary practice to improve N recovery and achieve suitable tuber yield. A 3‐site‐year (SY) study was conducted to assess soil plant analysis development (SPAD)‐502 chlorophyll meter efficacy for providing potato leaf real‐time N status to adjust N timing and rate using nitrogen sufficiency index (NSI) thresholds of 90 or 95%. We evaluated effects of in‐season SPAD‐based N managements, as well as a reference with non‐limiting N application, a fixed‐timing (planting and hilling) conventional N fertilization, and a zero‐N control on crop N uptake, tuber yield, and N‐use efficiency of potato cultivar Agata grown in tropical clay soils. Tuber yields were similar in both SPAD‐based managements. Under no intensive rainfall events after N applications, SPAD‐based managements reduced N applications by 38–63% and resulted in comparable tuber set, bulking, and yield relative to conventional N fertilization. Additionally, SPAD‐based management at a NSI threshold of 90% resulted in greater potato N‐uptake efficiency and tuber yield per unit of N applied. SPAD‐502 sensor was efficient for detecting plant N status when environmental conditions were more conducive for potato production and optimized N management by reducing application rates. However, with less favorable temperature and solar radiation for potato cultivation, and with intensive rainfall events following N application, SPAD readings did not guide to a proper N fertilization and resulted in reduced tuber yield. Therefore, under such conditions, a more accurate method for detecting plant N status should be used.
Emerging Adults' Social Justice Engagement: Motivations, Barriers, and Social Identity
Authors: Guerrero Mayra , Anderson Amy J. , Catlett Beth S. , Sánchez Bernadette , Liao C. Lynn 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study examines emerging adults’ perceived motivations and barriers to social justice engagement, and how their social identities shape involvement. We conducted in‐depth interviews with service‐learning students (n = 30). Thematic analysis of interview data revealed that participants perceived several motivations and barriers to engagement, including the following: (a) the current political climate, (b) self‐efficacy to make small‐scale changes, (c) social support in action, (d) proximity to the social issue, (e) knowledge of resources, and (f) limited personal resources. Participants also described how their identities shaped engagement such that participants reflected upon their multiple privileged and marginalized identities and how their identities influenced their approach to engaging with a particular social issue. Findings have implications for recruiting and sustaining emerging adults’ involvement in activities aimed at changing social issues.
An integrated simulation–optimisation approach for free fatty acid removal in palm oil deodorisation process
Authors: Tan Mun Cheng , Foo Dominic C.Y. , Lakshmanan Shyam 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDeodorisation is the key process to produce high‐quality refined, bleached and deodorised palm oil (RBDPO) in a palm oil refinery. In this work, an integrated simulation–optimisation approach was adopted for the analysis of a deodorisation process in an operating palm oil refinery. The process includes a deodoriser unit that removes free fatty acids (FFA) from bleached palm oil (BPO), and a vacuum scrubber utilising palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) to reduce the FFA content entering the vacuum system. Being a proprietary technology, deodoriser is not found in the standard models of commercial simulation software. Approximation was made in simulation, with results compared to plant data. Detailed analyses showed that the reduction of FFA content relies on deodorisation temperature and pressure, stripping steam flowrate, as well as the temperature and flowrate of PFAD entering the vacuum scrubber. An optimisation model was solved to maximise profit from the deodorisation. Results showed that the FFA content entering the vacuum system is reduced significantly by 49.7%, leading to higher recovery of FFA in PFAD and lower loss into the condenser section. Applying the optimum values to the refinery has resulted in FFA levels greater than 91.2% in PFAD and RBDPO yield improvement of 0.5%.
Would Shared Health Visitor and Emergency Department Records Improve Recognition of Child Maltreatment within the Emergency Department? A Prospective Multicentre Study
Authors: Nuttall Diane , Rea David , Bennett C. Verity , Hollén Linda , Mullen Stephen , Maguire Sabine , Emond Alan , Kemp Alison , Deave Toity 
Published: January 2021

Burns are common causes of paediatric emergency care attendance; approximately ten per cent result from maltreatment. Following emergency department (ED) attendance with a burn by 232 under five‐year‐olds, 11 risk factors for maltreatment were collected via health visitor (HV) telephone surveys. Three of these risk factors (domestic violence, social care involvement and developmental impairment) were also available in ED records, and information collected was compared between the two. Non‐parametric Fisher's exact tests were applied. Fifty‐nine per cent of children lived in families with risk factors for maltreatment. Prominent risk factors known by HVs included: prior injuries (n = 55, 23.7%), carer/parent mental health problems (n = 48, 20.7%), domestic violence (n = 47, 20.3%) and social care involvement (n = 45, 19.4%). A total of 158 cases had complete data for all 11 risk factors: 49 (31.0%) lived in households with one factor, 22 (13.9%) with two factors and 27 (17.1%) with three or more risk factors. In cases where HVs recorded the following risk factors as present, EDs recorded five of 47 (10.6%) for domestic violence, ten of 45 (22.2%) with social care involvement and four of 23 (17.4%) with developmental impairment. Many risk factors that were known to HVs were not identified by EDs staff despite being part of a standardised proforma. Maltreatment risk assessment could be improved if EDs staff had access to HV information.Key Practitioner Messages

Fifty‐nine per cent of pre‐school children who attended an ED with a burn live in a family with one or more maltreatment risk factors, as identified by HV records.
ED staff should be able to access a child's HV record electronically at the time of presentation, to identify known maltreatment risk factors.
The lack of integration of community and acute setting health records is a barrier to comprehensive assessment and treatment decisions for children in EDs, especially in relation to safeguarding risks.
Risk Associated with the Use of Selected Ingredients in Food Supplements
Authors: Jędrejko Karol , Lazur Jan , Muszyńska Bożena 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis review focuses on four new product categories of food supplements: pre‐workout, fat burner/thermogenic, brain/cognitive booster, and hormone/testosterone booster. Many food supplements have been shown to be contaminated with unauthorized substances. In some cases, the ingredients in the new categories of dietary supplements were medicinal products or new synthetic compounds added without performing clinical trials. Some of the new ingredients in dietary supplements are plant materials that are registered in the pharmacopoeia as herbal medicines. In other cases, dietary supplements may contain plant materials that have no history of human use and are often used as materials to ‘camouflage’ stimulants. In the European Union, new ingredients of dietary supplements, according to European Food Safety Authority or unauthorized novel food. Furthermore, selected ingredients in dietary supplements may be prohibited in sports and are recognized as doping agents by World Anti‐Doping Agency.
The value of surgical articulator MT in orthognathic model surgery: Technical note and case report
Authors: Issa Sabah Abdulaziz , Abdulnabi Hussein Ali 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe utilize of surgical articulator MT may lead to a major reduction in time and effort that usually consuming in conventional model surgery and promoted for precise planning and surgery. It can be useful in the management of several cases of dentofacial deformities when virtual surgical planning is either unaffordable or unavailable.
Severe SARS‐CoV‐2 infection presenting with acute kidney injury and diabetic ketoacidosis complicated by pancreatitis in a 53‐year man with hypertension
Authors: Ali Elrazi , Badawi Mohamed , Ahmed Ashraf , Abdelmahmuod Elabbass , Ibrahim Wanis 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSevere COVID‐19 infection is associated with significant stress and marked immune response that can affect many organs and precipitate DKA, pancreatitis, and acute renal injury, which might be permanent.
Hypokalemic paralysis in hyperthyroidism: Not all that glitter are gold
Authors: Chiang Wen‐Fang , Chan Jenq‐Shyong , Wu Kun‐Lin , Lin Shih‐Hua 
Published: January 2021

Key Clinical MessageAbnormal acid‐base status (metabolic acidosis or alkalosis), inappropriate urine electrolytes excretion (high or low Na+ and Cl−), and higher required dose of potassium supplement (4‐5 mmol/kg) are suggestive of non‐TPP causes of hypokalemia.
A Pathway to First Crystals for Substances Prone to Liquid‐Liquid Phase Separation
Authors: Derdour Lotfi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAn approach to isolate first crystals for molecules prone to liquid‐liquid phase separation (LLPS) is described. In the absence of knowledge about the solubility of a hypothetical crystal, it is proposed to determine the LLPS phase boundary, then operate at a temperature of 2 °C above the LLPS to maximize the supersaturation with respect to a hypothetical crystalline phase and to avoid LLPS. The proposed approach, combined with a careful solvent and counterion selection based on molecular size, allowed isolating a crystalline salt that was elusive using high‐throughput screening. The crystalline salt displayed higher resistance to mechanical stress than the crystalline parent, allowing the progression of the molecule in the development pipeline.
Two‐Dimensional Boron and Nitrogen Dual‐Doped Graphitic Carbon as an Efficient Metal‐Free Cathodic Electrocatalyst for Lithium‐Air Batteries
Authors: Zhang Jing , Luo Xiaoman , Li Xufang , Yang Qingchun , He Jianbo , Xin Sen , Yang Xinming , Yu Yan , Zhang Dawei , Zhang Chaofeng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe cathode catalyst for lithium‐air (Li‐air) batteries has a critical effect on battery performance. In this study, a two‐dimensional (2D) boron and nitrogen dual‐doped graphite carbon (BNC) catalyst prepared through a carbonization process was studied as a highly active electrocatalyst in Li‐air batteries. BNC offered high contents of boron and nitrogen as well as a graphene‐like structure. When employed as the catalyst for Li‐air batteries, it demonstrated good electrochemical performance, in terms of superior discharge capacity, low voltage gap, and long‐term stability. The as‐prepared special structure of BNC promoted the formation and diffusion of superoxide O2− and, meanwhile, reduced the oxygen release barrier by improving the charge transfer of oxygen ions.
Influence of Complexing Additives on the Reversible Deposition/Dissolution of Magnesium in an Ionic Liquid
Authors: Weber Isabella , Ingenmey Johannes , Schnaidt Johannes , Kirchner Barbara , Behm R. Jürgen 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAiming at a fundamental understanding of the synergistic effects of different additives on the electrochemical Mg deposition/dissolution in an ionic liquid, we have systematically investigated these processes in a combined electrochemical and theoretical study, using 1‐butyl‐1‐methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide (BMP‐TFSI) as the solvent and a cyclic ether (18‐crown‐6) and magnesium borohydride as additives. Both crown ether and BH4− improve Mg deposition, its reversibility, and cycling stability. The combined presence of both additives and their concentration relative to that of Mg2+ are decisive for more facile and reversible Mg deposition/dissolution. These results and those of quantum chemical calculations indicate that 18‐crown‐6 can partly displace TFSI− from its direct coordination to Mg2+. Furthermore, the interaction between Mg2+ and directly coordinated TFSI− is weakened by coordination with 18‐crown‐6, preventing its Mg+‐induced decomposition. Finally, Mg deposition is improved by the weaker overall coordination upon Mg2+ reduction to Mg+.