bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Active flexibility in girls before and after the annual cycle of stretching classes
Authors: Andriichuk Olga , Zadvorniy Bohdan 
Published: June 2021

Background and Study Aim: the decrease of motor activity among the younger generation and reducing interest in traditional physical education lessons requires finding ways to attract students to specially organized motor activity. The aim of the study is to analyze the indicators of active flexibility and mobility in the joints of the spine after an annual cycle of extracurricular stretching classes.
Material and Methods: We involved 35 high school girls (15-16 years old) in the study. Mobile tests were performed (control exercises and tests): bending the trunk forward from a standing position and from a sitting position, bending and unbending the cervical spine, bending the thoracic and lumbar spine, bending the trunk to the right and to the left from a standing position, the rotational ability of the spine to the sides, the exercise "Bridge" (calculated in conventional units).
Results: After a year of systematic stretching classes, the level of joint mobility and overall flexibility increased in the study participants. At the beginning of the study, the vast majority of high school girls had average and below-average levels of physical fitness. At the end of the study, the level was above average. There is a certain correlation between the indicators and the statistical significance of the results obtained.
Conclusions: it can be argued that specially organized motor activity in the form of stretching classes changes the mobility indicators in large joints and joints of the spine.
Application of Problem-Based Learning to Enhance Student Learning Outcomes in Basic Competencies of Maintaining Brake Systems
Authors: Reinsini Cristian Emanuel , Susila I Wayan , Cholik Mochammad , Rijanto Tri 
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the application of problem-based learning to improve student learning outcomes in the subject of Basic Competencies for Maintaining Brake Systems at SMK Negeri 2 Kupang. This study used a 2x2 factorial research design with experimental methods with a quantitative approach, consisting of two classes: the experimental and control classes. The control class is taught using a direct learning model, and the experimental class is taught using a problem-based learning model. The research sample was 70 students, 36 students from TKR 2 class (experiment class), and 34 students from class XI TKR 3 (control class). The instrument used consisted of a questionnaire of analytical skills, a test of learning outcomes in the cognitive domain, affective domain, and psychomotor domain. This study's results indicate that (1) student learning outcomes using problem-based learning models are significantly higher than learning outcomes for students who use the direct learning model; (2) the learning outcomes of students who have high analytical skills are significantly higher than the learning outcomes of students who have low analytical skills; and (3) there is an interaction between the use of problem-based learning models and direct learning models on learning outcomes in the basic competency subject of the brake system at SMKN 2 Kupang.
Influence of short message service reminders on utilisation of focused antenatal care among women in rural Kenya: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Gitonga Eliphas , Nyamari Jackim , Warutere Peterson , Wanyoro Anthony 
Published: June 2021

Background/aimsThe short message service is a part of mobile health, which is defined as medical and public health practices that are supported by mobile devices, such as mobile phones, personal digital assistants, and other wireless devices. Mobile health has documented positive outcomes on other health services, including focused antenatal care. The focused antenatal care model emphasises quality of care rather than quantity of antenatal visits, and the World Health Organization recommends a minimum of four targeted antenatal visits. This study examines the influence of short message service reminders on utilisation of focused antenatal care in rural Kenya.MethodsThis was a randomised controlled trial with 118 respondents in each of two study arms, intervention and control, conducted in Tharaka Nithi, Kenya. The study group were pregnant women attending their first antenatal care visit in Tharaka sub-county health facilities. The intervention was three short message service reminders a week before the scheduled visit. Structured questionnaires were used to collect baseline and exit interviews. The chi-square test and logistic regression were used to check associations between uptake of antenatal care and participant characteristics at 5% significance level.ResultsThree quarters (75%) of the respondents in the intervention group completed the four targeted antenatal visits, whereas only 10% of respondents attended the required four visits in the control group. None of the sociodemographic variables were found to have any association or influence on focused antenatal care attendance. Short message reminders increased the chances of attending the recommended visits by 27 times (P<0.001).ConclusionsShort message service reminders have a positive influence on utilisation of focused antenatal care. This research paper recommends that policymakers and health managers use short message service reminders to increase the uptake of focused antenatal care.
Transportable mid-infrared laser heterodyne radiometer operating in the shot-noise dominated regime
Authors: Shen Fengjiao , Wang Gaoxuan , Wang Jingjing , Tan Tu , Wang Guishi , Jeseck Pascal , Te Yao-Veng , Gao Xiaoming , Chen Weidong 
Published: June 2021

A transportable laser heterodyne radiometer (LHR) based on an external cavity quantum cascade laser, operating in the mid-infrared (mid-IR) around 8 µm, was developed for ground-based remote sensing of multiple greenhouse gases. A newly available novel flexible mid-IR polycrystalline fiber was first exploited to couple solar radiation, real-time captured using a portable sun-tracker, to the LHR receiver. Compared to free space coupling of sunlight, the technique usually used nowadays in the mid-IR, such fiber coupling configuration makes the LHR system readily more stable, simpler, and robust. Operation of the LHR with quasi-shot-noise limited performance was analyzed and experimentally achieved by optimizing local oscillator power. To the best of our knowledge, no such performance approaching the fundamental limit has been reported for a transportable LHR operating at a long mid-IR wavelength around 8 µm.

C
H

4

and

N

2

O

were simultaneously measured in the atmospheric column using the developed mid-IR LHR. The experimental LHR spectrum of

C
H

4

and

N

2

O

was compared and is in good agreement with a referenced Fourier-transform infrared spectrum from the Total Carbon Column Observing Network observation site and with a simulation spectrum from atmospheric transmission modeling.
Broad tunable photonic microwave generation in an optically pumped spin-VCSEL with optical feedback stabilization
Authors: Huang Yu , Zhou Pei , Li Nianqiang 
Published: June 2021

We propose and numerically demonstrate a photonic microwave generation scheme based on the dynamic period-one oscillation of a solitary spin-polarized vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (spin-VCSEL). The evolution of the oscillation amplitude, frequency, power, and linewidth of the generated microwave is systematically investigated by using two-dimensional maps. The results show that the generated microwave signals with a dominant linewidth of about 3 MHz have a broad tunable frequency (from several gigahertz to hundreds of gigahertz), which benefits from the birefringence-induced oscillation in spin-VCSELs. Moreover, with the help of optical feedback, the microwave linewidth can be effectively minimized (

∼

51

k
H
z

) by increasing the feedback strength and feedback delay time. Importantly, this Letter offers prospects for applications requiring a feasible and resource-efficient microwave source in microwave photonic fields.
Human papillomavirus seroprevalence in pregnant women following gender-neutral and girls-only vaccination programs in Finland: A cross-sectional cohort analysis following a cluster randomized trial
Authors: Gray Penelope , Kann Hanna , Pimenoff Ville N. , Eriksson Tiina , Luostarinen Tapio , Vänskä Simopekka , Surcel Heljä-Marja , Faust Helena , Dillner Joakim , Lehtinen Matti 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundCervical cancer elimination through human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programs requires the attainment of herd effect. Due to its uniquely high basic reproduction number, the vaccination coverage required to achieve herd effect against HPV type 16 exceeds what is attainable in most populations. We have compared how gender-neutral and girls-only vaccination strategies create herd effect against HPV16 under moderate vaccination coverage achieved in a population-based, community-randomized trial.Methods and findingsIn 2007–2010, the 1992–1995 birth cohorts of 33 Finnish communities were randomized to receive gender-neutral HPV vaccination (Arm A), girls-only HPV vaccination (Arm B), or no HPV vaccination (Arm C) (11 communities per trial arm). HPV16/18/31/33/35/45 seroprevalence differences between the pre-vaccination era (2005–2010) and post-vaccination era (2011–2016) were compared between all 8,022 unvaccinated women <23 years old and resident in the 33 communities during 2005–2016 (2,657, 2,691, and 2,674 in Arms A, B, and C, respectively). Post- versus pre-vaccination-era HPV seroprevalence ratios (PRs) were compared by arm. Possible outcome misclassification was quantified via probabilistic bias analysis. An HPV16 and HPV18 seroprevalence reduction was observed post-vaccination in the gender-neutral vaccination arm in the entire study population (PR16= 0.64, 95% CI 0.10–0.85; PR18= 0.72, 95% CI 0.22–0.96) and for HPV16 also in the herpes simplex virus type 2 seropositive core group (PR16= 0.64, 95% CI 0.50–0.81). Observed reductions in HPV31/33/35/45 seroprevalence (PR31/33/35/45= 0.88, 95% CI 0.81–0.97) were replicated in Arm C (PR31/33/35/45= 0.79, 95% CI 0.69–0.90).ConclusionsIn this study we only observed herd effect against HPV16/18 after gender-neutral vaccination with moderate vaccination coverage. With only moderate vaccination coverage, a gender-neutral vaccination strategy can facilitate the control of even HPV16. Our findings may have limited transportability to other vaccination coverage levels.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov numberNCT00534638,https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00534638.
S-ketamine in patient-controlled analgesia reduces opioid consumption in a dose-dependent manner after major lumbar fusion surgery: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
Authors: Brinck Elina C. V. , Virtanen Taru , Mäkelä Sanna , Soini Venla , Hynninen Ville-Veikko , Mulo Jukka , Savolainen Urmas , Rantakokko Juho , Maisniemi Kreu , Liukas Antti , Olkkola Klaus T. , Kontinen Vesa , Tarkkila Pekka , Peltoniemi Marko , Saari Teijo I. 
Published: June 2021

Background
Spinal fusion surgery causes severe pain. Strong opioids, commonly used as postoperative analgesics, may have unwanted side effects. S-ketamine may be an effective analgesic adjuvant in opioid patient-controlled analgesia (PCA). However, the optimal adjunct S-ketamine dose to reduce postoperative opioid consumption is still unknown.

Methods
We randomized 107 patients at two tertiary hospitals in a double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial of adults undergoing major lumbar spinal fusion surgery. Patients were randomly allocated to four groups in order to compare the effects of three different doses of adjunct S-ketamine (0.25, 0.5, and 0.75 mg ml-1) or placebo on postoperative analgesia in oxycodone PCA. Study drugs were administered for 24 hours postoperative after which oxycodone-PCA was continued for further 48 hours. Our primary outcome was cumulative oxycodone consumption at 24 hours after surgery.

Results
Of the 100 patients analyzed, patients receiving 0.75 mg ml-1 S-ketamine in oxycodone PCA needed 25% less oxycodone at 24 h postoperatively (61.2 mg) compared with patients receiving 0.5 mg ml-1 (74.7 mg) or 0.25 mg ml-1 (74.1 mg) S-ketamine in oxycodone or oxycodone alone (81.9 mg) (mean difference: -20.6 mg; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -41 to -0.20; P = 0.048). A beneficial effect in mean change of pain intensity at rest was seen in the group receiving 0.75 mg ml-1 S-ketamine in oxycodone PCA compared with patients receiving lower ketamine doses or oxycodone alone (standardized effect size: 0.17, 95% CI: 0.013–0.32, P = 0.033). The occurrence of adverse events was similar among the groups.

Conclusions
Oxycodone PCA containing S-ketamine as an adjunct at a ratio of 1: 0.75 decreased cumulative oxycodone consumption at 24 h after major lumbar spinal fusion surgery without additional adverse effects.
Von der Fähigkeit des Menschen, das Gute zu tun
Authors: Wöhrle Jakob 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The Cain and Abel narrative is often read as a story of how sin spread among humans after the fall in the Garden of Eden. However, this common interpretation does not hold up. In the context of the non-priestly primeval history, the Cain and Abel narrative rather reflects on the person of Cain the consequences of the previously acquired knowledge of good and evil. According to the Cain and Abel narrative, the person endowed with knowledge of good and evil is undoubtedly capable of doing good. But he must also want to do the good. He must orient his actions towards the good. If he does this, he can live with a clear conscience. If he does not, then - and only then - he risks falling into the realm of sin and succumbing to sin.
Interreligiös Theologie betreiben?
Authors: Wrogemann Henning 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The religious pluralization of Western societies raises the question: Should theology also be pursued interreligiously in this setting? This paper critically inquires into how »interreligious theology« is to be understood, distinguishing between position, methodology, and institutionalized space. The paper takes a spatial theory approach as it considers the theological quality of spaces of distance, devotion, and tactfulness. Methodologically, it reflects on whether the term »interreligious« is intended to refer to work done with texts, shared rituals, or the sharing of spaces - and what the implications of this may be. In view of the »outcomes« of interreligious theological work, the piece distinguishes between the religious worldview and the many truths. It unequivocally affirms the feasibility of an interreligious pursuit of theology on the basis of a confessionally grounded Christian identity.
Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in various regions of the Russian Federation: results of the first stage of the multicenter cross-sectional randomized study
Authors: Pigarova Ekaterina A. , Rozhinskaya Liudmila Y. , Katamadze Nino N. , Povaliaeva Alexandra A. , Troshina Ekaterina A. 
Published: June 2021

Background. A vitamin D deficiency is a global wide health problem. Inadequate vitamin D status leads to serious medical, social and economic consequences and requires timely diagnosis and adequate correction.Aim: to assess the incidence of vitamin D deficiency among the population living in regions of the Russian Federation located at latitudes from 45° to 70° and to study its relationship to various factors (demographic, socio-economic, geographical, etc.).Materials and methods. A multicenter, cross-sectional, randomized study of individuals of both sexes aged 18 to 50 years. The study of 25ОНD level in the blood serum was carried out by INVITRO LLC laboratories using chemilumescent analysis in two stages: in the period from March to May 2020 and from October to November 2020. The first stage of the study involved 500 volunteers (77% women, 23% men). Demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, factors associated with vitamin D levels, were assessed using a specially designed questionnaire.Results. In this article we present the results of the first stage. A countrywide high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (56.4%) and insufficiency (27.9%) was revealed, that is, 84.3% of the population aged 18–50 years requires cholecalciferol supplementation. The lowest vitamin D status was found in St. Petersburg, Arkhangelsk, Kyzyl and Rostov-on-Don (over 90% of participants had inadequate levels). A decrease in the level of 25ОНD was observed to a greater extent in men than in women (p <0.05), as well as in young people aged 18–25 years (p <0.05). No major association of vitamin D status with anthropometric parameters, the number of days of disability, were not found. However, those who went to tanning beds or were in direct sunlight for at least 30 days a year had higher levels of 25ОНD, and those using sunscreens had lower levels.Conclusion. The data obtained confirms the widespread prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in the country (84.3% of participants), generally not related to the geographical latitude of residence, which indicates the need for vitamin D supplementation in a significant part of the population.
Effect of Silver Nano Particle Microalgae Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Dunaliella salina on Growth and Survival of Penaeus monodon Larvae
Authors: Kusumaningrum Hermin Pancasakti , Zainuri Muhammad , Marhaendrajaya Indras , Subagio Agus , Widianingsih Widianingsih , Endrawati Hadi , Fadillah Annisa , Zulkarnain Muhammad Iskandar , Muliastuti Yuvita , Misbach Imam 
Published: June 2021

Penaeus monodon is one of the most important farmed crustaceans. Its also known as Asia Tiger Shrimp because its carapace and abdomen are transversely banded with red and white. The use of synthetic antibiotic in aquaculture had caused problems related to health and environmental safety. Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Dunaliella salina are photosynthetic microalgae. Silver nano particle in microalgae C. pyrenoidosa and D. salina had synthesized and showed their growth stability. They offer a potency to be exploited to supported growth and survival of shrimp larvae. The objective of the study was the application of silver nano particle in microalgae C. pyrenoidosa and D. salina on P. monodon larvae. The research methodology was carried out by making microalgae C. pyrenoidosa and D. salina containing silver nano particle and used as feed of shrimp larvae. Observations were made on the growth and survival of shrimp larvae compared to both microalgae and common feed. The results showed that the P. monodon larvae have the higher growth and survival rate with microalgae C. pyrenoidosa at the beginning of their growth compared to D. salina. However, microalgae without nanosilver and common feed showed a better result for growth and activity of shrimp larvae.
Hubungan Panjang Berat Teripang Holothuria atra di Pulau Panjang, Jepara
Authors: Permata Primaswatantri , Suryono Suryono , Lokollo Frijona F. , Widianingsih Widianingsih , Endrawati Hadi , Zainuri Muhammad , Hartati Retno 
Published: June 2021

Holothuria atra merupakan salah satu teripang dan sering dijumpai berasosiasi dengan padang lamun dan substrat pasir. Walaupun bernilai ekonomi rendah, secara ekologi mempunyai manfaat sebagai bioturbator dan mempunyai potensi dalam bidang farmaseutical. Teripang ini ditenukan hidup di Pulau Panjang, dengan karakteristik perairan tertutup dan dangkal dengan akses yang mudah untuk wisatawan maupun perikanan tangkap yang dapat menjadi tekanan bagi populasi teripang tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk untuk mengetahui hubungan panjang dan berat populasi teripang H. atra di Pulau Panjang, Jepara pada lokasi padang lamun dan pecahan karang dimana H. atra banyak ditemukan. Metode penelitian yang dipergunakan adalah metode deskriptif eksploratif dengan melakukan pengambilan sampel H. atra dengan teknik sampling complete enumeration pada luas lokasi penelitian yang telah ditentukan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kepadatan teripang di stasiun padang lamun (Stasiun A) lebih rendah dengan distribusi ukuran yang lebih kecil daripada di stasiun pecahan karang (Stasiun B). Pada semua stasiun dan waktu pengambilan sampel, pola pertumbuhan relatif yang ditunjukkan oleh hubungan panjang dan berat teripang H. atra bersifat allometrik negatif dengan keeratan hubungan yag sangat kecil. Hal ini disebabkan oleh kesulitan pengukuran pada teripang yang bertubuh lunak dengan elastisitas dinding tubuh (integument), isi pada sistem pencernaan makanannya dan kandungan cairan coelomic (rongga tubuh) yang dapat membuat bias analisa.Holothuria atra is one of species sea cucumbers often found in association with seagrass beds and sand substrates. Although it has low economic value, ecologically it has benefits as a bioturbator and has potential in the pharmaceutical. It is found in Panjang Island, which has characteristic of closed and shallow waters with easy access for tourists and capture fisheries which can put pressure on the sea cucumber population. This study aimed to determine the relationship between length and weight of H. atra population in the seagrass bed and rubble area in Panjang Island, Jepara. The research method used is descriptive exploratory and H. atra were sampled using a complete enumeration sampling technique at a predetermined area of the research location. The results showed that the density of sea cucumbers at the seagrass beds station (Station A) was lower with a smaller size distribution than at the rubble station (Station B). At all stations and sampling times, the relative growth pattern shown by the correlation between length and weight of H. atra is negative allometric with very small relationship value. This was due to the difficulty of measuring soft-bodied sea cucumbers with the elasticity of the body wall (integument), the contents of the digestive system and coelomic fluid in the body cavity which can bias the analysis.
Recent Evolution of Intellectual Property Enforcement in Georgia
Authors: Taliashvili Tamar , Shamatava Irakli 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe article elaborates on the topic of the new wave of evolution of the protection of intellectual property in Georgia inspired by signing the Eu–Georgia Association Agreement, (AA—the Association Agreement between Georgia and the Eu and the nuclear Energy Association of Europe and its Member States). The harmonization process is an impressive field of law on its own. The article deals only with particular issues, such as the role and critical characteristics of the harmonization of intellectual property protection and enforcement mechanisms in Georgia.In this context, the article examines the legal nature of the amendments to the Civil procedure Code of Georgia (GCpC), in particular, a new chapter of enforcement regulations, that has been introduced to the GCPC—‘Specificities in proceedings of the infringement of exclusive right of intellectual property’.The article is predicated upon the allegation that the new legal introductions are merely of a formal character, while the enforcement mechanisms and remedies, as a significant part of Georgian civil legislation, had already been in place and Georgia had ratified major international intellectual property agreements. The article deals with the legal problem of the application of the intellectual property enforcement amendments by the judiciary and measures the practical impact.The hypothesis of the analysis is to consider whether further developments are necessary to contribute to a consistent approach to the adjudication of intellectual property enforcement disputes in Georgian courts and to promote the efficient implementation of the novel intellectual property enforcement mechanisms into the Georgian legal system.The analysis of the characteristics of the impact of harmonization on intellectual property as of intangible rights proves to have wide-ranging benefits for the holders of intellectual property in Georgia or elsewhere in Europe.