bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Who let the young‐of‐the‐year (YOY) up? The pelagic habitat as a nursery and feeding ground area for the YOY Argentine hake Merluccius hubbsi Marini, 1933
Authors: Belleggia Mauro , Alvarez‐Colombo Gustavo L. , Santos Betina A. , Castelletta Martin , Mattera Belen 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe young‐of‐the‐year (YOY) Argentina hake Merluccius hubbsi remained at particular distances off the seabed at pelagic habitat, in a nursery area located in the San Jorge Gulf off south‐western Atlantic. Older specimens were daylight distributed near the bottom in the demersal habitat. In this paper the authors show that the pelagic habitat is favourable for YOY hake compared to the surrounding demersal habitat by decreasing the probability of encounter with larger hake protecting the YOY against conspecific predation, and providing a better food supply. From 303 stomachs of pelagic YOY Argentine hake analysed (60–250 mm), 274 (90.43%) contained prey. Pelagic Argentine YOY hake fed almost exclusively on zooplanktonic crustaceans (Euphausia spp. and Themisto gaudichaudii). From 980 demersal specimens (14–82 cm), 572 (58.36%) contained prey, mainly the lobster krill Munida gregaria, followed by other hakes by cannibalism. The intensity of feeding was higher on pelagic layers. The allometric weight–length relationship revealed that the YOY Argentine hake find sufficient food in the pelagic habitat to live and develop, by increasing their relative body thickness. The cannibalism increases from close to zero when the YOY hake are c. 20 m off the seabed, to between 15% (cold season) and 20% (warm season) when they are 10 m off the seabed. These results suggest that the pelagic habitat is a feeding ground for YOY hake, and it is a favourable one compared to the surrounding demersal habitat by protecting the YOY from cannibalism. Pelagic YOY hakes were less abundant and more distant from the bottom during the cold season (14.3 m) than during warm one (11.4 m), probably because of natural mortality and progressive recruitment to demersal habits.
Investigating the patient food experience: Understanding hospital staffs' perspectives on what leads to quality food provision in Ontario hospitals
Authors: Trinca Vanessa , Duizer Lisa , Paré Shannon , Keller Heather 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundFood quality influences patient food satisfaction, which may subsequently affect food intake and recovery, influencing hospital costs. The present qualitative study aimed to gain an understanding of hospital staff/volunteers experiences of serving food in Ontario hospitals, perceptions of food quality and challenges to quality food provision.MethodsSixteen Ontario hospitals participated. Semi‐structured interviews (n = 64 participants) and focus groups (n = 24; 150 participants) were conducted. Transcripts were analysed using inductive thematic analysis.ResultsFour themes emerged: (1) Providing Good Quality Food (e.g., attributes that comprise the construct of meal quality, patients' expectations and desires from meals); (2) Individualising the Food and Mealtime Experience (e.g., processes to identify and cater to patients' needs and preferences); (3) Acknowledging Organisational Constraints (e.g., staffing, budget, etc.); and (4) Innovating Beyond Constraints (e.g., identifying innovation within potential modifiable and unmodifiable organisational constraints).ConclusionsServing meals in hospital is complex because of organisational and patient factors; however, current efforts to serve quality food despite these complexities were uncovered in our investigation. Discussions highlighted current practices that promote food quality and strategies for improvement. Improving food quality and the hospital meal experience can support food intake and patient outcomes, as well as reduce waste and hospital associated costs. The findings can be used to support quality improvement measures aiming to serve high quality food that meets patients' expectations and nutritional needs.
A cross‐practice context exploration of nursing preparedness and comfort to care for people with intellectual disability and autism
Authors: Cashin Andrew , Pracilio Amy , Buckley Thomas , Morphet Julia , Kersten Michelle , Trollor Julian N. , Griffin Ken , Bryce Julianne , Wilson Nathan J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAims and ObjectivesTo compare the self‐perceived preparedness, knowledge, comfort and confidence of Australian Registered Nurses when caring for people with ID and/or ASD across contexts of practice: primary care and community, intensive care, acute hospital, emergency department, paediatrics and ID/ASD.BackgroundThere is limited research comparing nursing preparedness and competency when caring for people with intellectual disability (ID) and/or autism (ASD) across nursing contexts of practice. A greater understanding of the differed educational preparedness, confidence and comfort across contexts of practice can aid the development of tailored educational programmes to improve nursing capacity to care for this cohort.DesignCross‐sectional descriptive study.MethodsA descriptive survey tool of registered nurses (n = 69.3). Comparative inferential analysis was undertaken between the independent categorical variable of six nursing contexts of practice across several dependent variables including age, years since registration, educational content and exposure, knowledge, comfort and confidence. This cross‐sectional study was undertaken according to the STROBE Statement checklist of items.ResultsOccupying an ID/ASD nursing role was significantly associated with higher reported levels of educational preparedness, professional development and postgraduate education relevant to caring for people with ID and/or ASD. Levels of self‐reported knowledge of care issues, confidence and comfort when undertaking healthcare tasks was significantly associated with the context of practice, with nurses working in ID/ASD settings reporting the highest levels across all variables.ConclusionThe findings of the study highlight an association between greater educational exposure to content relevant to working with people with ID/ASD and subsequently working in that field.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study has highlighted that professional development programmes aiming to improve nursing capacity to care for people with ID and/or ASD, should be informed by and address differing gaps in confidence, comfort and educational preparedness across nursing contexts of practice.
Low birth weight and small for gestational age are associated with complications of childhood and adolescence obesity: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Martín‐Calvo Nerea , Goni Leticia , Tur Josep A. , Martínez J. Alfredo 
Published: November 2021

SummaryIn recent decades, the incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) has increased dramatically in children and adolescents, posing a real public health problem. Beyond unhealthy diets and sedentary lifestyles, growing evidence suggests that some perinatal factors, such as low birth weight (LBW), are associated with higher risk of T2D in adulthood. In this regard, it remains unclear whether the increased risk is already present in childhood and adolescence. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to clarify the association of LBW or being small for gestational age (SGA) with insulin resistance in childhood and adolescence. The systematic review resulted in 28 individual studies, and those with the same outcome were included within two random‐effects meta‐analyses. Compared with children or adolescents born with adequate size for gestational age, those SGA had 2.33‐fold higher risk of T2D (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05–5.17). Furthermore, LBW and being SGA were associated with 0.20 higher mean homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) values (95% CI: 0.02–0.38). Given the high prevalence of preterm babies, from a population perspective, these results may be of great importance as they point to the existence of a potentially vulnerable subgroup of children and adolescents that could benefit from screening tests and early preventive strategies.
Transcriptional activation of rice CINNAMOYL‐CoA REDUCTASE 10 by OsNAC5, contributes to drought tolerance by modulating lignin accumulation in roots
Authors: Bang Seung Woon , Choi Seowon , Jin Xuanjun , Jung Se Eun , Choi Joon Weon , Seo Jun Sung , Kim Ju‐Kon 
Published: November 2021

SummaryDrought is a common abiotic stress for terrestrial plants and often affects crop development and yield. Recent studies have suggested that lignin plays a crucial role in plant drought tolerance; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms are still largely unknown. Here, we report that the rice (Oryza sativa) gene CINNAMOYL‐CoA REDUCTASE 10 (OsCCR10) is directly activated by the OsNAC5 transcription factor, which mediates drought tolerance through regulating lignin accumulation. CCR is the first committed enzyme in the monolignol synthesis pathway, and the expression of 26 CCR genes was observed to be induced in rice roots under drought. Subcellular localisation assays revealed that OsCCR10 is a catalytically active enzyme that is localised in the cytoplasm. The OsCCR10 transcript levels were found to increase in response to abiotic stresses, such as drought, high salinity, and abscisic acid (ABA), and transcripts were detected in roots at all developmental stages. In vitro enzyme activity and in vivo lignin composition assay suggested that OsCCR10 is involved in H‐ and G‐lignin biosynthesis. Transgenic rice plants overexpressing OsCCR10 showed improved drought tolerance at the vegetative stages of growth, as well as higher photosynthetic efficiency, lower water loss rates, and higher lignin content in roots compared to non‐transgenic (NT) controls. In contrast, CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated OsCCR10 knock‐out mutants exhibited reduced lignin accumulation in roots and less drought tolerance. Notably, transgenic rice plants with root‐preferential overexpression of OsCCR10 exhibited higher grain yield than NT controls plants under field drought conditions, indicating that lignin biosynthesis mediated by OsCCR10 contributes to drought tolerance.
Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) in Japanese elementary schools: Current conditions and practices
Authors: Sugita Elli W 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundWater, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) is the foundation for preventing infectious diseases, as the current COVID‐19 pandemic has shown. WASH is essential for school health, yet there have been very few papers published on WASH in Japanese schools. The objective of this review is to describe the current conditions and practices in Japanese elementary schools using an international framework for WASH in schools and identify implications for handwashing promotion in other areas.MethodsThis research was based primarily on a literature review. Information on common WASH practices was also collected through an international workshop attended by school health experts.ResultsThere is a rigorous legal foundation for ensuring the physical infrastructure and quality control of a safe water supply in Japanese schools. Water quality is monitored regularly by Yogo teachers and school pharmacists. Strategic locations and an abundance of water supply infrastructure facilitate handwashing behavior. Hygiene promotion activities by Yogo teachers and student's health committees play a major role in increasing awareness, while health education classes provide minimal but necessary knowledge on handwashing with soap. Flush toilets are the standard, but there is still a demand for improvement of toilet facilities. Children’s participation in daily cleaning of school toilets contributes to students understanding the importance of cleanliness.ConclusionsDrawing from the Japanese example, WASH in schools' interventions are suggested to include laws and policies, a designated teacher, and children’s participation to sustain both infrastructure and hygiene promotion.
Disease
Authors: Baggott Rob 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis article examines the significance of the Beveridge report in the light of subsequent developments in health policy and the National Health Service, and considers Beveridge's vision and principles in the context of current and future health challenges. In exploring the post‐war history of health policy and services, it focuses on key themes in the Beveridge report such as prevention, coordination, comprehensive health coverage, funding and the role of the private and voluntary sectors. It argues that in the face of current and future challenges, public health, healthcare and social care should have equal status and an effective system of funding is needed across these three subsystems not only to provide appropriate resources but to ensure that prevention and coordination are prioritised and voluntary action encouraged. In the light of experience, the role of commercial organisations in health and care is more open to challenge. It is also argued that there must also be better coordination of health policy with other spheres of policy making—not just welfare and social policies but economic and environmental policies as well. This agenda requires the kind of joined‐up thinking that Beveridge himself would have applauded.
Use of autologous serum or Vizoovet to improve healing rates of spontaneous chronic corneal epithelial defects after diamond burr debridement in dogs
Authors: Dees D. Dustin , Keys Deborah A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposeTo determine whether the use of autologous serum or Vizoovet® improved healing rates of spontaneous chronic corneal epithelial defects (SCCEDs) after diamond burr debridement (DBD) in dogs.Study designTwo parallel group randomized prospective study with a historical control group.Materials and methodsCanine patients having undergone DBD for treatment of SCCEDs were included. Data for the control group (ofloxacin only) were gathered from patient records. Patients were randomly assigned to treatment groups for post‐procedural medical treatments of ofloxacin and autologous serum (group 1) or ofloxacin and Vizoovet®, an all‐natural eyed drop containing propolis, aloe vera, and chamomile (group 2). Each dog was examined between 2 and 3 weeks until the cornea was fluorescein stain negative. Data points collected included age, sex, breed, type of medications used, retention of bandage contact lens (BCL), time to healing, and number of DBD performed.ResultsA total of 120 dogs, each contributing one eye to the study, underwent DBD for SCCEDs. Mean (± standard deviation) days until healed were 20.1 ± 11.1 days, 16.3 ± 4.5 days, and 16.0 ± 3.7 days for the control group, group 1, and group 2, respectively. There was a marginally significant difference in days until healed between groups (p = .0515). SCCEDs healed significantly faster in group 2 (p = .03) and marginally faster in group 1 (p = .06) compared with the control group. Days until healing between group 1 and 2 were not significantly different (p = .76).ConclusionsAs compared to the control group, use of Vizoovet® as adjunctive medical treatment resulted in shorter corneal healing time after DBD.
Regulation of excitation‐contraction coupling at the Drosophila neuromuscular junction
Authors: Ormerod Kiel G. , Scibelli Anthony E. , Littleton J. Troy 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe Drosophila neuromuscular system is widely used to characterize synaptic development and function. However, little is known about how specific synaptic alterations effect neuromuscular transduction and muscle contractility, which ultimately dictate behavioural output. Here we develop and use a force transducer system to characterize excitation‐contraction coupling at Drosophila larval neuromuscular junctions (NMJs), examining how specific neuronal and muscle manipulations disrupt muscle contractility. Muscle contraction force increased with motoneuron stimulation frequency and duration, showing considerable plasticity between 5 and 40 Hz and saturating above 50 Hz. Endogenous recordings of fictive contractions revealed average motoneuron burst frequencies of 20–30 Hz, consistent with the system operating within this plastic range of contractility. Temperature was also a key factor in muscle contractility, as force was enhanced at lower temperatures and dramatically reduced with increasing temperatures. Pharmacological and genetic manipulations of critical components of Ca2+ regulation in both pre‐ and postsynaptic compartments affected the strength and time course of muscle contractions. A screen for modulators of muscle contractility led to identification and characterization of the molecular and cellular pathway by which the FMRFa peptide, TPAEDFMRFa, increases muscle performance. These findings indicate Drosophila NMJs provide a robust system to correlate synaptic dysfunction, regulation and modulation to alterations in excitation‐contraction coupling.Key points
Larval muscle contraction force increases with stimulation frequency and duration, revealing substantial plasticity between 5 and 40 Hz.
Fictive contraction recordings demonstrate endogenous motoneuron burst frequencies consistent with the neuromuscular system operating within the range of greatest plasticity.
Genetic and pharmacological manipulations of critical components of pre‐ and postsynaptic Ca2+ regulation significantly affect the strength and time course of muscle contractions.
A screen for modulators of the excitation‐contraction machinery identified a FMRFa peptide, TPAEDFMRFa and its associated signalling pathway, that dramatically increases muscle performance.
Drosophila serves as an excellent model for dissecting components of the excitation‐contraction coupling machinery.
Control Co-Design of Lithium-Ion Batteries for Enhanced Fast-Charging and Cycle Life Performances
Authors: Cui Tonghui , Zheng Zhuoyuan , Wang Pingfeng 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
As enablers of electric vehicles, lithium-ion batteries are drawing much attention for their high energy density and low self-discharge. However, “range anxiety” has remained a significant hindrance to its further development. As an alternative to increasing capacity, fast charging seems a reasonable solution. However, challenges remain due to the conflict between high charging rate and excessive capacity loss. In the past, enormous efforts have been carried out to resolve the dispute between high charging rates and large capacity losses by either improving the battery design or optimizing the charging/discharging protocols. In contrast, this study proposes a novel control co-design framework with adaptive surrogate modeling to address the challenges and to generate the systematic optimal battery design and the corresponding charging protocol simultaneously. The proposed method is ideal for lithium-ion battery systems to offer the improved performances as compared with traditional sequential optimization approaches due to the integration of strong coupling effects between electrode design and control optimization. The integrated adaptive surrogate modeling technique allows model reduction for efficient optimal control and simulation solutions. Meanwhile, it preserves an accurate mapping from the first-principle model to the reduced-order model. A hybrid model like this captures the multiscale nature of the cell, that is, micro-scale parameters affect the macro-scale behavior. It reduces the computational cost significantly. The battery co-design problem is formulated as a nested problem, where the inner-loop solves an open-loop optimal control problem and the outer-loop optimizes the plant design variables. The results show that system-level optimal design can be obtained for minimized charging time at various levels of health requirement.
Automated and Adaptive Geometry Preparation for AR/VR-Applications
Authors: Dammann Maximilian Peter , Steger Wolfgang , Stelzer Ralph 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Product visualization in AR/VR applications requires a largely manual process of data preparation. Previous publications focus on error-free triangulation or transformation of product structure data and display attributes for AR/VR applications. This paper focuses on the preparation of the required geometry data. In this context, a significant reduction in effort can be achieved through automation.
The steps of geometry preparation are identified and examined with respect to their automation potential. In addition, possible couplings of sub-steps are discussed. Based on these explanations, a structure for the geometry preparation process is proposed.
With this structured preparation process it becomes possible to consider the available computing power of the target platform during the geometry preparation. The number of objects to be rendered, the tessellation quality and the level of detail can be controlled by the automated choice of transformation parameters.
We present a software tool in which partial steps of the automatic preparation are already implemented. After an analysis of the product structure of a CAD file, the transformation is executed for each component. Functions implemented so far allow, for example, the selection of assemblies and parts based on filter options, the transformation of geometries in batch mode, the removal of certain details and the creation of UV maps. Flexibility, transformation quality and time savings are described and discussed.
High Precision Contact Model for Ball Bearings With Waviness
Authors: Jeannot Camille , Sadoulet-Reboul E. , Dufrenoy S. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Studying high precision ball bearings requires the development of predictive models. In presence of waviness on the rings, geometrical and also mechanical parameters will vary according to the angular position. To consider these modifications, a nonlinear contact model is proposed with normal and tangential forces calculation using Hertz and Dahl’s models. To solve the static equilibrium of the bearing, a highly modular energy method is developed. It allows the determination of both local and global parameters using the same equation.
The 2D developed approach can be used to study different waviness orders and magnitudes to get a better understanding on how this affects the bearing behavior (contact load, balls gaping, pointing defects...). The presented results show that even small contact direction reorientation can create tangential forces. This modifies the bearing deflections and induces a residual moment. These phenomena can only be observed when the contact is accurately modeled.
Auxetic Structures Based on Rhombic Tiling
Authors: Warisaya Kanata , Hamanaka Hiroaki , Tokolo Asao , Tachi Tomohiro 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Auxetic material using corner-connected kinematic tiles has been applied to different kinematic designs. However, existing works rely on the connectivity of regular polygonal tilings because of the overconstraining nature of kinematic tiling. This study proposes a new family of auxetic structures based on non-regular and aperiodic rhombic tiling inspired by the Tokyo 2020 Emblems. We convert emblem-like patterns on rhombic tilings into kinematic structures by regarding the rectangular figure as voids and the region between rectangles as rigid bodies. Due to the geometric properties of rhombic tiling, the structure forms a one-degree-of-freedom planar mechanism with a constant Poisson’s ratio of −1. The large combinatorial family of rhombic tilings provides design variations of kinematic structures with non-regular topology. Furthermore, we show a kirigami-based method for fabricating the structure as a compliant mechanism. This connection between math and art potentially broadens the range of architected materials based on folding, kirigami, and tessellation.