bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Frequency and Effect of Granulocytic Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells on Mycobacterial Survival in Patients With Tuberculosis: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Davids Malika , Pooran Anil , Smith Liezel , Tomasicchio Michele , Dheda Keertan 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionProtective host responses in those exposed to or infected with tuberculosis (TB) is thought to require a delicate balance between pro-inflammatory and regulatory immune responses. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), regulatory cells that dampen T-cell function, have been described in cancer and other infectious diseases but there are limited data on their role in TB.MethodsPeripheral blood was obtained from patients with active pulmonary TB and participants with presumed latent TB infection (LTBI) from Cape Town, South Africa. MDSC frequency was ascertained by flow cytometry. Purified MDSCs were used to assess (i) their suppressive effect on T-cell proliferation using a Ki67 flow cytometric assay and (ii) their effect on mycobacterial containment by co-culturing with H37Rv-infected monocyte-derived macrophages and autologous pre-primed effector T-cells with or without MDSCs. Mycobacterial containment was measured by plating colony forming units (CFU).ResultsMDSCs (CD15+HLA-DR-CD33+) had significantly higher median frequencies (IQR) in patients with active TB (n=10) versus LTBI (n= 10) [8.2% (6.8-10.7) versus 42.2% (27–56) respectively; p=0.001]. Compared to MDSC-depleted peripheral blood mononuclear and effector T cell populations, dilutions of purified MDSCs isolated from active TB patients suppressed T-cell proliferation by up to 72% (n=6; p=0.03) and significantly subverted effector T-cell-mediated containment of H37Rv in monocyte-derived macrophages (n=7; 0.6% versus 8.5%; p=0.02).ConclusionCollectively, these data suggest that circulating MDSCs are induced during active TB disease and can functionally suppress T-cell proliferation and subvert mycobacterial containment. These data may inform the design of vaccines and immunotherapeutic interventions against TB but further studies are required to understand the mechanisms underpinning the effects of MDSCs.
Robotic Assisted Upper Limb Training Post Stroke: A Randomized Control Trial Using Combinatory Approach Toward Reducing Workforce Demands
Authors: Budhota Aamani , Chua Karen S. G. , Hussain Asif , Kager Simone , Cherpin Adèle , Contu Sara , Vishwanath Deshmukh , Kuah Christopher W. K. , Ng Chwee Yin , Yam Lester H. L. , Loh Yong Joo , Rajeswaran Deshan Kumar , Xiang Liming , Burdet Etienne , Campolo Domenico 
Published: June 2021

Post stroke upper limb rehabilitation is a challenging problem with poor outcomes as 40% of survivors have functionally useless upper limbs. Robot-aided therapy (RAT) is a potential method to alleviate the effort of intensive, task-specific, repetitive upper limb exercises for both patients and therapists. The present study aims to investigate how a time matched combinatory training scheme that incorporates conventional and RAT, using H-Man, compares with conventional training toward reducing workforce demands. In a randomized control trial (NCT02188628,www.clinicaltrials.gov), 44 subacute to chronic stroke survivors with first-ever clinical stroke and predominant arm motor function deficits were recruited and randomized into two groups of 22 subjects: Robotic Therapy (RT) and Conventional Therapy (CT). Both groups received 18 sessions of 90 min; three sessions per week over 6 weeks. In each session, participants of the CT group received 90 min of 1:1 therapist-supervised conventional therapy while participants of the RT group underwent combinatory training which consisted of 60 min of minimally-supervised H-Man therapy followed by 30 min of conventional therapy. The clinical outcomes [Fugl-Meyer (FMA), Action Research Arm Test and, Grip Strength] and the quantitative measures (smoothness, time efficiency, and task error, derived from two robotic assessment tasks) were independently evaluated prior to therapy intervention (week 0), at mid-training (week 3), at the end of training (week 6), and post therapy (week 12 and 24). Significant differences within group were observed at the end of training for all clinical scales compared with baseline [mean and standard deviation of FMA score changes between baseline and week 6; RT: Δ4.41 (3.46) and CT: Δ3.0 (4.0);p&lt; 0.01]. FMA gains were retained 18 weeks post-training [week 24; RT: Δ5.38 (4.67) and week 24 CT: Δ4.50 (5.35);p&lt; 0.01]. The RT group clinical scores improved similarly when compared to CT group with no significant inter-group at all time points although the conventional therapy time was reduced to one third in RT group. There were no training-related adverse side effects. In conclusion, time matched combinatory training incorporating H-Man RAT produced similar outcomes compared to conventional therapy alone. Hence, this study supports a combinatory approach to improve motor function in post-stroke arm paresis.Clinical Trial Registration:www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT02188628.
Large-Scale Brain Functional Network Integration for Discrimination of Autism Using a 3-D Deep Learning Model
Authors: Yang Ming , Cao Menglin , Chen Yuhao , Chen Yanni , Fan Geng , Li Chenxi , Wang Jue , Liu Tian 
Published: June 2021

GoalBrain functional networks (BFNs) constructed using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have proven to be an effective way to understand aberrant functional connectivity in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) patients. It is still challenging to utilize these features as potential biomarkers for discrimination of ASD. The purpose of this work is to classify ASD and normal controls (NCs) using BFNs derived from rs-fMRI.MethodsA deep learning framework was proposed that integrated convolutional neural network (CNN) and channel-wise attention mechanism to model both intra- and inter-BFN associations simultaneously for ASD diagnosis. We investigate the effects of each BFN on performance and performed inter-network connectivity analysis between each pair of BFNs. We compared the performance of our CNN model with some state-of-the-art algorithms using functional connectivity features.ResultsWe collected 79 ASD patients and 105 NCs from the ABIDE-I dataset. The mean accuracy of our classification algorithm was 77.74% for classification of ASD versus NCs.ConclusionThe proposed model is able to integrate information from multiple BFNs to improve detection accuracy of ASD.SignificanceThese findings suggest that large-scale BFNs is promising to serve as reliable biomarkers for diagnosis of ASD.
A Comparison of CVR Magnitude and Delay Assessed at 1.5 and 3T in Patients With Cerebral Small Vessel Disease
Authors: Stringer Michael S. , Blair Gordon W. , Shi Yulu , Hamilton Iona , Dickie David A. , Doubal Fergus N. , Marshall Ian M. , Thrippleton Michael J. , Wardlaw Joanna M. 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundCerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) measures blood flow change in response to a vasoactive stimulus. Impairment is associated with several neurological conditions and can be measured using blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Field strength affects the BOLD signal, but the effect on CVR is unquantified in patient populations.MethodsWe recruited patients with minor ischemic stroke and assessed CVR magnitude and delay time at 3 and 1.5 Tesla using BOLD MRI during a hypercapnic challenge. We assessed subcortical gray (GM) and white matter (WM) differences using Wilcoxon signed rank tests and scatterplots. Additionally, we explored associations with demographic factors, WM hyperintensity burden, and small vessel disease score.ResultsEighteen of twenty patients provided usable data. At 3T vs. 1.5T: mean CVR magnitude showed less variance (WM 3T: 0.062 ± 0.018%/mmHg, range 0.035, 0.093; 1.5T: 0.057 ± 0.024%/mmHg, range 0.016, 0.094) but was not systematically higher (Wilcoxon signal rank tests, WM: r = −0.33, confidence interval (CI): −0.013, 0.003, p = 0.167); delay showed similar variance (WM 3T: 40 ± 12 s, range: 12, 56; 1.5T: 31 ± 13 s, range 6, 50) and was shorter in GM (r = 0.33, CI: −2, 9, p = 0.164) and longer in WM (r = −0.59, CI: −16, −2, p = 0.010). Patients with higher disease severity tended to have lower CVR at 1.5 and 3T.ConclusionMean CVR magnitude at 3T was similar to 1.5T but showed less variance. GM/WM delay differences may be affected by low signal-to-noise ratio among other factors. Although 3T may reduce variance in CVR magnitude, CVR is readily assessable at 1.5T and reveals comparable associations and trends with disease severity.
KHẢO SÁT KHẢ NĂNG KHÁNG OXY HÓA VÀ KHÁNG KHUẨN CỦA CÂY MUỒNG TRÂU VÀ MAI DƯƠNG TẠI KIÊN GIANG
Authors: Yến Huỳnh Kim , Mến Trần Thanh , Tuân Nguyễn Trọng , Tâm Nguyễn Thành , Lan Huỳnh Thị Cẩm , Linh Phạm Thị Khánh , Trân Trương Thị Tú 
Published: June 2021

Nghiên cứu được thực hiện nhằm đánh giá hoạt tính kháng oxy hóa và kháng khuẩn gây bệnh trên thủy sản của hai loài thực vật thu tại tỉnh Kiên Giang, Việt Nam. Khả năng kháng oxy hóa được xác định bằng phương pháp DPPH, ABTS+, RP và TAA in vitro. Kết quả cho thấy, cao chiết ethanol từ lá của cây Mai dương thể hiện hoạt tính kháng oxy hóa với giá trị IC50 lần lượt là 67,12 µg/mL; 39,22µg/mL; 32,16 µg/mL và 71,86 µg/mL. Tương tự, cao chiết Muồng trâu có giá trị IC50 tương ứng 357,19 µg/mL; 40,39 µg/mL; 331,03 µg/mL và 119,59 µg/mL. Hàm lượng polyphenol tổng và flavonoid của cao chiết cây Muồng trâu được xác định lần lượt là 203,57 mg GAE/g; 46,31 mg QE/g. Tương tự, cao chiết Mai dương có hàm lượng tương ứng là 306,08 mg GAE/g; 38,71 mg QE/g. Hoạt tính kháng khuẩn được khảo sát bằng phương pháp khuyếch tán trên đĩa thạch với 4 dòng vi khuẩn gây bệnh trên thủy sản. Kết quả cho thấy cao chiết Mai dương thể hiện hoạt tính kháng khuẩn tốt đối với 4 chủng vi khuẩnAeromonas dhakensis, Aeromonas hydrophila Edwardsiella ictaluri, Streptococcus agalactiae. Từ kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy, Mai dương là một dược liệu tiềm năng chứa nhiều các hợp chất kháng oxy hóa và kháng khuẩn.
NGHIÊN CỨU ỨNG DỤNG QUY TRÌNH CÔNG NGHỆ XỬ LÝ NƯỚC THẢI CỦA QUÁ TRÌNH LÀM GIÀU VÀ NẤU LUYỆN THIẾC
Authors: Thảo Đỗ Phương 
Published: June 2021

Ảnh hưởng của các loại xúc tác tới hiệu quả xử lý nước thải của quá trình làm giàu và nấu luyện thiếc tại Công ty Trách nhiệm hữu hạn MTV Mỏ và Luyện kim Thái Nguyên được trình bày trong nghiên cứu này. Các phương pháp phân tích được sử dụng để đánh giá hiệu quả xử lý gồm có phổ hấp thụ nguyên tử AAS, quang phổ phát xạ nguyên tử AES, máy phân tích tổng lượng cacbon hữu cơ. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy, sự kết hợp của vật liệu xúc tác quang hóa Al/Al2O3/TiO2-Ag với hệ xúc tác (FeSO4 10% + H2O2 30%) hoặc hệ xúc tác (nano Feo+ H2O2 30%) đều cho hiệu quả xử lý nước thải đạt tiêu chuẩn xả thải theo quy chuẩn kỹ thuật quốc gia về nước thải công nghiệp QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT. Điều kiện xử lý chất thải hữu cơ khó phân hủy với cả hai hệ xúc tác được đề xuất là pH ≤ 2 và thời gian 8 giờ. Trong khi điều kiện xử lý hóa chất dư và kim loại nặng được đề xuất là pH = 9 và thời gian 120 phút với hệ (FeSO4 10% + H2O2 30%) và 60 phút với hệ (nano Feo+ H2O2 30%).
PENGGUNAAN APLIKASI SEBAGAI MEDIA E-LEARNING REMAJA DI KARANG TARUNA
Authors: Yulistyanti Dwi , Farkhatin Naely , Mustari Dewi 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRAK Saat pademi in,i pembelajaran harus tetap dilakukan walaupun tidak di langsungkan di kelas, tetapi dengan pembelajaran yang bersifat online. Pengabdian masyarakat kali ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pengetahuan kepada para Remaja mengenai Aplikasi media E-Learning yang sering digunakan di sekolah dan bisa memilih Aplikasi media pembelajaan yang efektif digunakan dalam E-Learning. Penggunaan Aplikasi (whastapp, zoom, google meet) sebagai media E-Learning ini sudah tidak asing lagi dikalangan remaja di dalam proses belajar mengajar. Tim pelaksana yang berperan sebagai tutor memberikan pengetahuan dan sekaligus melakukan pendampingan pada peserta pelatihan untuk menguasai materi pelatihan. Hal ini memungkinkan para remaja untuk menguasai materi dengan sekaligus melakukan praktik dengan pendampingan instruktur. 8 dari 10 remaja yang mengikuti pelatihan memilih menggunakan whatsapp dengan mempertimbangkan masalah kuota yang dimiliki sehingga pembelajaran bisa tetap berjalan dengan segala keterbatasan terutama masalah biaya pembelian kuota. ABSTRACTDuring this period, learning must still be carried out even though it is not carried out directly in class, but through online learning. This time, community service aims to provide knowledge to teenagers about E-Learning media applications that are often used in schools and can choose learning media applications that are effectively used in E-Learning. The use of applications (whastapp, zoom, google meet) as an E-Learning medium is no stranger to teenagers in the teaching and learning process. The implementation team, which acts as a tutor, provides knowledge and at the same time provides assistance to training participants to master the training material. This allows the youth to master the material while practicing with the instructor's assistance. 8 out of 10 teenagers who participated in the training chose to use WhatsApp by considering the quota problem they had so that learning could continue with all limitations, especially the problem of purchasing a quota.
Design of a discrete сosine transformation processor for image compression systems on a losless-to-lossy circuit
Authors: Kliuchenia V. V. 
Published: June 2021

Today, mobile multimedia systems that use the H.261 / 3/4/5, MPEG-1/2/4 and JPEG standards for encoding / decoding video, audio and images are widely spread [1–4]. The core of these standards is the discrete cosine transform (DCT) of I, II, III ... VIII types [DCT]. Wide support in a huge number of multimedia applications of the JPEG format by circuitry and software solutions and the need for image coding according to the L2L scheme determines the relevance of the problem of creating a decorrelated transformation based on DCT and methods for rapid prototyping of processors for computing an integer DCT on programmable systems on a FPGA chip. At the same time, such characteristics as structural regularity, modularity, high computational parallelism, low latency and power consumption are taken into account. Direct and inverse transformation should be carried out according to the “whole-to-whole” processing scheme with preservation of the perfective reconstruction of the original image (the coefficients are represented by integer or binary rational numbers; the number of multiplication operations is minimal, if possible, they are excluded from the algorithm). The wellknown integer DCTs (BinDCT, IntDCT) do not give a complete reversible bit to bit conversion. To encode an image according to the L2L scheme, the decorrelated transform must be reversible and implemented in integer arithmetic, i. e. the conversion would follow an “integer-to-integer” processing scheme with a minimum number of rounding operations affecting the compactness of energy in equivalent conversion subbands. This article shows how, on the basis of integer forward and inverse DCTs, to create a new universal architecture of decorrelated transform on FPGAs for transformational image coding systems that operate on the principle of “lossless-to-lossy” (L2L), and to obtain the best experimental results for objective and subjective performance compared to comparable compression systems.
Example of internal function for Sponge scheme built on the basis of the generalized AES design methodology
Authors: Ospanov R. M. , Seitkulov Ye. N. , Yergaliyeva B. B. , Sisenov N. M. 
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this article is to construct an internal function underlying the “Sponge” scheme for constructing cryptographic hash functions. An internal function in the “Sponge” scheme is a fixed-length transformation or permutation that operates on a fixed number of bits that make up the internal state of the function. There are various constructive approaches to functiondesign. The most common approach is to use a permutation based on a symmetric block encryption algorithm with constants as the key. This article builds an internal function using the generalized AES design methodology. This methodology makes it easy to design block ciphers to encrypt large blocks of plaintext with small components, representing the processed data as multidimensional arrays. The internal function is a block cipher that processes 2048 bits, represented as a 9-dimensional array of 512 4-bit elements with size 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2. Each round of encryption consists of three transformations (S-blocks, linear transformation, and permutation), similar to the three round transformations of AES SubBytes, MixColumns, and ShiftRows. The constructed function can be used as an internal function in the modified “Sponge” schemefor constructing cryptographic hash functions.
Implementasi Nilai-Nilai Pancasila dalam Pembangunan Hukum Pidana Nasional
Authors: Andi Lala  
Published: June 2021

Abstrak: Indonesia merupakan negara hukum sebagaimana tercantum dalam Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 Pasal 1 ayat (3) yang berbunyi “Negara Indonesia adalah Negara hukum“. Hukum Pidana adalah salah satu hukum yang ada di negara Indonesia, pengaturan terdapat dalam KUHP (Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana) sebagai salah satu hukum positif. Pembangunan hukum pidana nasional seyogyanya tidak lepas daripad nilai-nilai yang terkandung dalam Pancasila, sehingga trek dalam penegakan hukum juga dapat mencapai keadilan berdasarkan Pancasila. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kepustakaan (library research), yang mendasarkan pada data-data kepustakaan atau dokumentasi yang pernah dilakukan. Sesuai dengan jenis penelitian, maka dalam pengumpulan data penulis menggunakan metode dokumentasi atau studi dokumen. Sumber data dalam penulisan ini terbagi menjadi sumber data primer dan sumber data sekunder. Berdasarkan pada tujuan penelitian yang ingin dicapai, maka dimulai dengan menelaah seluruh data yang sudah tersedia dari berbagai sumber yaitu dokumentasi dan data yang diperoleh dari pustaka dengan mengadakan reduksi data yaitu data-data yang diperoleh dari kepustakaan. Nilai-nilai Pancasila sebagai nilai fundamental negara Indonesia pada hakikatnya merupakan suatu sumber dari segala sumber hukum dalam Negara Indonesia. Sehingga secara objektif merupakan suatu pandangan hidup, kesadaran, cita-cita hukum, serta cita-cita moral yang luhur yang meliputi suasana kejiwaan, serta watak bangsa Indonesia. Pembaharuan hukum pidana Indonesia yang menginternalisasi nilai-nilai Pancasila harus tetap diarahkan pada tujuan nasional yang ingin dicapai oleh bangsa Indonesia sebagai sebuah negara yang merdeka dan berdaulat. KUHP yang saat ini masih berlaku merupakan produkhukum pemerintah Kolonial Hindia Belanda, yang perlu disesuaikan dengan ideology bangsa Indonesia yaitu Pancasila.
Pengaruh Financial Leverage Terhadap Harga Saham Syariah dengan Inflasi Sebagai Variabel Moderating
Authors: Jenal Alamsah  , Ahmad Eko Adi  
Published: June 2021

Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui pengaruh Financial Leverage terhadap Harga Saham Syariah dengan Inflasi Sebagai Variabel Moderating pada perusahaan yang tergabung dalam Jakarta Islamic Index Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2016-2020. Metode yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif,dengan instrument penelitian laporan keuangan perusahaan. Hasil penelitian, secara parsial Financial Leverage berpengaruh Signifikan terhadap Harga Saham Syariah dimana diperoleh signifikansi sebesar 0.000 < 0.05. Sedangkan hasil uji Moderating Regression Analysis yaitu untuk menguji pengaruh Inflasi sebagai variable moderating, diperoleh hasil dalam persamaan regresi variable interaksi Finanacial Leverage dengan Inflasi sebesar - 8877.24 yang berarti jika terjadi kenaikan inflasi maka akan menurunkan pengaruh Finanacial Leverage terhadap harga saham syariah. Berdasarkan nilai signifikansi variable interaksi moderating sebesar 0.007 < 0.05 hal ini berarti Inflasi sebagai variable moderating.
Searching for Interstellar Quantum Communications
Authors: Hippke Michael 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The modern search for extraterrestrial intelligence began with the seminal publications of Cocconi & Morrison and Schwartz & Townes, who proposed searching for narrowband signals in the radio spectrum and optical laser pulses. Over the last six decades, more than 100 dedicated search programs have targeted these wavelengths, all with null results. All of these campaigns searched for classical communications, that is, for a significant number of photons above a noise threshold, with the assumption of a pattern encoded in time and/or frequency space. I argue that future searches should also target quantum communications. They are preferred over classical communications with regard to security and information efficiency, and they would have escaped detection in all previous searches. The measurement of Fock state photons or squeezed light would indicate the artificiality of a signal. I show that quantum coherence is feasible over interstellar distances and explain for the first time how astronomers can search for quantum transmissions sent by ETI to Earth using commercially available telescopes and receiver equipment.
A Duality in the Origin of Bulges and Spheroidal Galaxies
Authors: Costantin Luca , Pérez-González Pablo G. , Méndez-Abreu Jairo , Huertas-Company Marc , Dimauro Paola , Alcalde-Pampliega Belén , Buitrago Fernando , Ceverino Daniel , Daddi Emanuele , Domínguez-Sánchez Helena , Espino-Briones Néstor , Hernán-Caballero Antonio , Koekemoer Anton M. , Rodighiero Giulia 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Studying the resolved stellar populations of the different structural components that build massive galaxies directly unveils their assembly history. We aim at characterizing the stellar population properties of a representative sample of bulges and pure spheroids in massive galaxies (M
⋆ > 1010
M
⊙) in the GOODS-N field. We take advantage of the spectral and spatial information provided by SHARDS and Hubble Space Telescope data to perform the multi-image spectrophotometric decoupling of the galaxy light. We derive the spectral energy distribution separately for bulges and disks in the redshift range 0.14 < z ≤ 1 with spectral resolution R ∼ 50. Analyzing these spectral energy distributions, we find evidence of a bimodal distribution of bulge formation redshifts. We find that 33% of them present old mass-weighted ages, implying a median formation redshift

. They are relics of the early universe embedded in disk galaxies. A second wave, dominant in number, accounts for bulges formed at median redshift

. The oldest (first-wave) bulges are more compact than the youngest. Virtually all pure spheroids (i.e., those without any disk) are coetaneous with the second-wave bulges, presenting a median redshift of formation

. The two waves of bulge formation are distinguishable not only in terms of stellar ages but also in star formation mode. All first-wave bulges formed fast at z ∼ 6, with typical timescales around 200 Myr. A significant fraction of the second-wave bulges assembled more slowly, with star formation timescales as long as 1 Gyr. The results of this work suggest that the centers of massive disk-like galaxies actually harbor the oldest spheroids formed in the universe.