bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID-19-associated PTSD in the elderly—lessons learned for the next global pandemic
Authors: Sarangi Ashish , Javed Sana , Karki Kumar , Kaushal Akshita 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
When COVID-19 was declared a global pandemic in March 2020, almost all countries implemented strict lockdowns and home quarantine orders in order to prevent spread of the virus. These implementations have severely affected the mental health of people all around the world especially the elderly, who are already physically and mentally fragile. There has been an escalation in the prevalence of depression, suicide, anxiety, substance abuse, domestic abuse, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Main body
The aim of our review was to highlight PTSD in the elderly population who has recovered from COVID-19 infection and come up with some recommendations for the future. A thorough literature review was conducted focusing on the impact of COVID-19 on development and progression of PTSD during the pandemic.

Conclusion
Increased allocation of resources by various government and private stakeholders is necessary to prepare for the long-term implications on mental health from the current and future pandemics.
Ethnicity, pre-existing comorbidities, and outcomes of hospitalised patients with COVID-19
Authors: Santorelli Gillian , McCooe Michael , Sheldon Trevor A. , Wright John , Lawton Tom 
Published: June 2021

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in thousands of deaths in the UK. Those with existing comorbidities and minority ethnic groups have been found to be at increased risk of mortality. We wished to determine if there were any differences in intensive care unit (ICU) admission and 30-day hospital mortality in a city with high levels of deprivation and a large community of people of South Asian heritage. Methods: Detailed information on 582 COVID-19-positive inpatients in Bradford and Calderdale between February-August 2020 were extracted from Electronic Health Records. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models were used to explore the relationship between ethnicity with admission to ICU and 30-day mortality, respectively accounting for the effect of demographic and clinical confounders. Results: The sample consisted of 408 (70%) White, 142 (24%) South Asian and 32 (6%) other minority ethnic patients. Ethnic minority patients were younger, more likely to live in deprived areas, and be overweight/obese, have type 2 diabetes, hypertension and asthma compared to white patients, but were less likely to have cancer (South Asian patients only) and COPD. Male and obese patients were more likely to be admitted to ICU, and patients of South Asian ethnicity, older age, and those with cancer were less likely. Being male, older age, deprivation, obesity, and cancer were associated with 30-day mortality. The risk of death in South Asian patients was the same as in white patients HR 1.03 (0.58, 1.82). Conclusions: Despite South Asian patients being less likely to be admitted to ICU and having a higher prevalence of diabetes and obesity, there was no difference in the risk of death compared to white patients. This contrasts with other findings and highlights the value of studies of communities which may have different ethnic, deprivation and clinical risk profiles.
A clinical study to optimise a sand fly biting protocol for use in a controlled human infection model of cutaneous leishmaniasis (the FLYBITE study)
Authors: Parkash Vivak , Ashwin Helen , Sadlova Jovana , Vojtkova Barbora , Jones Georgina , Martin Nina , Greensted Elizabeth , Allgar Victoria , Kamhawi Shaden , Valenzuela Jesus G. , Layton Alison M. , Jaffe Charles L. , Volf Petr , Kaye Paul M. , Lacey Charles J. N. 
Published: June 2021

Background:Leishmaniasis is a globally important yet neglected parasitic disease transmitted by phlebotomine sand flies. With new candidate vaccines in or near the clinic, a controlled human challenge model (CHIM) using natural sand fly challenge would provide a method for early evaluation of prophylactic efficacy.Methods:We evaluated the biting frequency and adverse effects resulting from exposure of human volunteers to bites of eitherPhlebotomus papatasiorP. duboscqi, two natural vectors ofLeishmania major. 12 healthy participants were recruited (mean age 40.2 ± 11.8 years) with no history of significant travel to regions whereL. major-transmitting sand flies are prevalent. Participants were assigned to either vector by 1:1 allocation and exposed to five female sand flies for 30 minutes in a custom biting chamber. Bite frequency was recorded to confirm a bloodmeal was taken. Participant responses and safety outcomes were monitored using a visual analogue scale (VAS), clinical examination, and blood biochemistry. Focus groups were subsequently conducted to explore participant acceptability.Results:All participants had at least one successful sand fly bite with none reporting any serious adverse events, with median VAS scores of 0-1/10 out to day 21 post-sand fly bite. Corresponding assessment of sand flies confirmed that for each participant at least 1/5 sand flies had successfully taken a bloodmeal (overall mean 3.67±1.03 bites per participant). There was no significant difference betweenP. papatasiandP. duboscqiin the number of bites resulting from 5 sand flies applied to human participants(3.3±0.81 vs3.00±1.27 bites per participant; p=0.56). In the two focus groups (n=5 per group), themes relating to positive participant-reported experiences of being bitten and the overall study, were identified.Conclusions:These results validate a protocol for achieving successful sand fly bites in humans that is safe, well-tolerated and acceptable for participants.Clinicaltrials.gov registration:NCT03999970 (27/06/2019)
Working with Text-Reasoning in Third Grade
Authors: Korochkina E. 
Published: June 2021

The article reveals the practical experience of an elementary school teacher in shaping knowledge of different types of speech (types of text)
among third-graders: text-description; narration text; text-reasoning. An example of organizing a Russian language lesson to familiarize with the
text-reasoning is given. The role of such teaching methods as observing the characteristics of texts of different types, conducting an educational
dialogue, and independent work on creating texts of different types is emphasized.
Formation of Readiness for School, Taking into Account the Psychological Characteristics of Older Preschool Children
Authors: Zhurova L. 
Published: June 2021

The article reveals the features of the phenomenon of the preschool period of child development, discusses the relevance, goals and content of
preparing a preschooler for school. The author convincingly proves that the readiness for successful schooling is determined not so much by
the student’s ability to read and count, as by such personal neoplasms that allow him to take new social roles (“student”, “school student”,
“classmate”) and become a subject of educational activity as leading for primary school age.
A Multicultural Approach at the Early Stage of Teaching a Foreign language
Authors: Kantysheva Nadezhda , Rahmatullina Alfiya 
Published: June 2021

The article presents the experience of developing an elective course program for future foreign language teachers studying at Tyumen State
University. The content of the course is based on the principles of communication and variability and is focused on the development of the
communicative, psychological, pedagogical and technological competencies of the future teacher. The creation by the teacher of favorable
pedagogical conditions for a positive cultural identification of the student’s personality allows the child to become aware of the multicultural
space of the world. The professional portfolio of a novice teacher includes techniques, methods and technologies that can be used for further
pedagogical modeling.
Kirk Melnikoff and Roslyn Knutson eds. Christopher Marlowe, Theatrical Commerce, and the Book Trade. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018. Pp 313.
Authors: Maguire Laurie 
Published: June 2021

Laurie Maguire's Review of Christopher Marlowe, Theatrical Commerce, and the Book Trade, edited by Kirk Melnikoff and Roslyn Knutson.
Efficient Estimation of Network Games of Incomplete Information: Application to Large Online Social Networks
Authors: Chen Xi , van der Lans Ralf , Trusov Michael 
Published: June 2021

This paper presents a structural discrete choice model with social influence for large-scale social networks. The model is based on an incomplete information game and permits individual-specific parameters of consumers. It is challenging to apply this type of models to real-life scenarios for two reasons: (1) The computation of the Bayesian–Nash equilibrium is highly demanding; and (2) the identification of social influence requires the use of excluded variables that are oftentimes unavailable. To address these challenges, we derive the unique equilibrium conditions of the game, which allow us to employ a stochastic Bayesian estimation procedure that is scalable to large social networks. To facilitate the identification, we utilize community-detection algorithms to divide the network into different groups that, in turn, can be used to construct excluded variables. We validate the proposed structural model with the login decisions of more than 25,000 users of an online social game. Importantly, this data set also contains promotions that were exogenously determined and targeted to only a subgroup of consumers. This information allows us to perform exogeneity tests to validate our identification strategy using community-detection algorithms. Finally, we demonstrate the managerial usefulness of the proposed methodology for improving the strategies of targeting influential consumers in large social networks.This paper was accepted by Matthew Shum, marketing.
How to improve diversity in patient and public involvement
Authors: Golenya Rebecca , Chloros George D , Panteli Michalis , Giannoudis Peter V , Howard Anthony 
Published: June 2021

Patient and public involvement involves ascertaining the opinions of and collaborating with patients and members of the public to holistically improve the quality of research. Patient and public involvement provides patients with a platform to use and share their lived experiences. This allows healthcare professionals to gain a deeper appreciation of the patient's perspective, which enables future research to be more patient centred and tailored to patients' requirements. Patient and public involvement aims to broadly encapsulate the opinions of the public, so ensuring diversity is recommended. This article provides a practical framework to increase diversity and engage hard-to-reach demographics in patient and public involvement. It highlights some common barriers to participation and methods for overcoming this, describes sampling frameworks and provides examples of how these have been adopted in practice.
Clinical evaluation after matrix-associated autologous chondrocyte transplantation
Authors: Binder Harald , Hoffman Lukas , Zak Lukas , Tiefenboeck Thomas , Aldrian Silke , Albrecht Christian 
Published: June 2021

AimsThe aim of this retrospective study was to determine if there are differences in short-term clinical outcomes among four different types of matrix-associated autologous chondrocyte transplantation (MACT).MethodsA total of 88 patients (mean age 34 years (SD 10.03), mean BMI 25 kg/m2(SD 3.51)) with full-thickness chondral lesions of the tibiofemoral joint who underwent MACT were included in this study. Clinical examinations were performed preoperatively and 24 months after transplantation. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) Subjective Knee Form, the Brittberg score, the Tegner Activity Scale, and the visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain. The Kruskal-Wallis test by ranks was used to compare the clinical scores of the different transplant types.ResultsThe mean defect size of the tibiofemoral joint compartment was 4.28 cm2(SD 1.70). In total, 11 patients (12.6%) underwent transplantation with Chondro-Gide (matrix-associated autologous chondrocyte implantation (MACI)), 40 patients (46.0%) with Hyalograft C (HYAFF), 21 patients (24.1%) with Cartilage Regeneration System (CaReS), and 15 patients (17.2%) with NOVOCART 3D. The mean IKDC Subjective Knee Form score improved from 35.71 (SD 6.44) preoperatively to 75.26 (SD 18.36) after 24 months postoperatively in the Hyalograft group, from 35.94 (SD 10.29) to 71.57 (SD 16.31) in the Chondro-Gide (MACI) group, from 37.06 (SD 5.42) to 71.49 (SD 6.76) in the NOVOCART 3D group, and from 45.05 (SD 15.83) to 70.33 (SD 19.65) in the CaReS group. Similar improvements were observed in the VAS and Brittberg scores.ConclusionTwo years postoperatively, there were no significant differences in terms of outcomes. Our data demonstrated that MACT, regardless of the implants used, resulted in good clinical improvement two years after transplantation for localized tibiofemoral defects. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2021;10(7):370–379.
The Colorectal Telephone Clinic: a new normal post-COVID-19?
Authors: Sagar A , Mai DVC , Rumy N , Al-Habsi R , Divya GS , Singh A 
Published: June 2021

Introduction In light of the COVID-19 recommendations from the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, we aimed to study patient and clinician satisfaction with a newly established telephone (TP) colorectal clinic service in lieu of traditional face-to-face (FTF) appointments. Comparative outcomes included patient versus clinician satisfaction; patient versus clinician desire to continue TP clinics postpandemic; and views of Specialty Trainee 3+ (ST3+)/Specialty Associate Specialist (SAS) doctors versus consultants on TP compared with FTF appointments. Methods We conducted a prospective service evaluation of patient and clinician satisfaction with colorectal surgery TP clinics between 1 June 2020 and 30 June 2020 in a British District General Hospital. Results Patients had higher satisfaction than clinicians with TP clinics: 91.5% versus 66.6% reported above-average experience [odds ratio (OR) = 5.35, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.53 to 18.75, p = 0.01]. Clinicians had lower demand to continue TP clinics post-COVID-19 versus patients, with a trend towards significance (60% versus 82.9%, OR = 0.31, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.97, p = 0.08). ST3+/SAS doctors were more likely than consultants to find TP clinics inferior to FTF consultation for patient assessment (48.3% versus 23.7%, OR = 3.00, 95% CI 1.17 to 7.71, p = 0.03). Conclusions While clinicians may be concerned that patient assessment suffers, patient satisfaction with TP clinics is high. There should be a place for TP clinics post-COVID-19 but there must be a robust process for patient selection as well as adequate training for current and future generations of clinicians.
Graphene-supported tunable bidirectional terahertz metamaterials absorbers
Authors: Peng Jun , Leng Jin , Cao Duo , He Xiaoyong , Lin Fangting , Liu Feng 
Published: June 2021

Based on asymmetric graphene ellipses, the tunable propagation characteristics of metamaterial absorber (MMA) have been investigated in the THz region. Two distinct absorption peaks of 84% and 90% are observed at 1.06 THz and 1.67 THz, respectively. Besides a high Q factor exceeding 20, the Fano resonance can also be modulated in a wide range (e.g., the frequency modulation depth reaches more than 43.8% if the Fermi energy level changes in the range of 0.2–1.0 eV). Additionally, a bidirectional THz MMA is achieved by replacing the metal substrate with a uniform graphene layer. If the terahertz wave is incident in the forward direction, the proposed graphene double stripe microstructure shows a typical MMA with its absorption reaching 88%. On the other hand, if the terahertz wave is incident in the reverse direction, the graphene double stripe microstructure behaves as a reflective modulator, and its amplitude and frequency MD will reach 60% and 85%. These results contribute to the design of tunable THz devices, such as filters, absorbers, and modulators.
Incidence and predictors of mortality among children co-infected with tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus at public hospitals in Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Dawit Zinabu , Abebe Sintayehu , Dessu Samuel , Mesele Molalegn , Sahile Serekebirhan , Ajema Desalegn 
Published: June 2021

Background
Tuberculosis and human immune deficiency virus co-infections remained the most common cause of child mortality for the last ten years. Globally, 1.2 million cases of tuberculosis occurred in patients living with HIV/AIDS, of which 1.0 million cases occurred in children. The public health impact of tuberculosis and human immune deficiency virus co-infection among children is high in developing countries and Sub-Saharan Africa accompanied three fourth of the global burden. However, there are limited studies that assess the incidence and predictors of mortality among tuberculosis and human immune deficiency virus co-infected children in Ethiopia.

Methods
A facility-based retrospective cohort study was conducted at Public hospitals in Southern Ethiopia with a total of 286 randomly selected records of ART enrolled children from 1st January 2009 to 31stDecember 2018. Data were entered into Epi Data version 3.1 and exported to STATA version 14 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariable Cox proportional hazards model was fitted to identify the predictors of mortality. Variables that had a p-value<0.05 at 95%CI in the multivariable cox proportional hazard model were considered as statistically significant.

Results
A total of 274 tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus co-infected children’s records were reviewed. The incidence of mortality among tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus co-infected children was 17.15 per 100 children. The overall incidence density rate of mortality was 2.97(95%CI: 2.2, 3.9) per 100 child year of observation and being anemic (AHR: 2.6; 95%CI: 1.28, 5.21), not initiating isoniazid prophylaxis therapy (AHR: 2.8; 95%CI: 1.44, 5.48), developing extrapulmonary tuberculosis (AHR: 5.7; 95%CI: 2.67, 12.56) and non-adherence (AHR: 5.2; 95%CI: 2.19, 12.39) were independent predictors of mortality.

Conclusion
Mortality rate was high among TB/HIV co-infected children at the public hospitals in Southern Ethiopia. Extra-pulmonary tuberculosis, anemia, non-adherence, and isoniazid preventive therapy use were statistically significant predictors of mortality among TB/HIV co-infected children. Therefore, extra pulmonary tuberculosis, and anemia should be closely monitored to increase their adherence as well as they should be provided with isoniazid preventive therapy.
Evaluating the association between COVID-19 and psychiatric presentations, suicidal ideation in an emergency department
Authors: McDowell Michal J. , Fry Carrie E. , Nisavic Mladen , Grossman Mila , Masaki Charles , Sorg Emily , Bird Suzanne , Smith Felicia , Beach Scott R. 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo estimate the association between COVID-19 and Emergency Department (ED) psychiatric presentations, including suicidal ideation.MethodsUsing an interrupted time series design, we analyzed psychiatric presentations using electronic health record data in an academic medical center ED between 2018 and 2020. We used regression models to assess the association between the onset of the COVID-19 outbreak and certain psychiatric presentations. The period February 26–March 6, 2020 was used to define patterns in psychiatric presentations before and after the coronavirus outbreak.ResultsWe found a 36.2% decrease (unadjusted) in ED psychiatric consults following the coronavirus outbreak, as compared to the previous year. After accounting for underlying trends, our results estimate significant differential change associated with suicidal ideation and substance use disorder (SUD) presentations following the outbreak. Specifically, we noted a significant differential increase in presentations with suicidal ideation six weeks after the outbreak (36.4 percentage points change; 95% CI: 5.3, 67.6). For presentations with SUD, we found a differential increase in the COVID-19 time series relative to the comparison time series at all post-outbreak time points and this differential increase was significant three weeks (32.8 percentage points; 95% CI: 4.0, 61.6) following the outbreak. Our results estimate no differential changes significant at thePvalue < 0.05 level associated with affective disorder or psychotic disorder presentations in the COVID-19 time series relative to the comparator time series.ConclusionsThe COVID-19 outbreak in Boston was associated with significant differential increases in ED presentations with suicidal ideation and SUD.
Temporal determinants of tumour response to neoadjuvant rectal radiotherapy
Authors: Koo Kendrick , Ward Rachel , Smith Ryan L. , Ruben Jeremy , Carne Peter W. G. , Elsaleh Hany 
Published: June 2021

Introduction
In locally advanced rectal cancer, longer delay to surgery after neoadjuvant radiotherapy increases the likelihood of histopathological tumour response. Chronomodulated radiotherapy in rectal cancer has recently been reported as a factor increasing tumour response to neoadjuvant treatment in patients having earlier surgery, with patients receiving a larger proportion of afternoon treatments showing improved response. This paper aims to replicate this work by exploring the impact of these two temporal factors, independently and in combination, on histopathological tumour response in rectal cancer patients.

Methods
A retrospective review of all patients with rectal adenocarcinoma who received long course (≥24 fractions) neoadjuvant radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy at a tertiary referral centre was conducted. Delay to surgery and radiotherapy treatment time were correlated to clinicopathologic characteristics with a particular focus on tumour regression grade. A review of the literature and meta-analysis were also conducted to ascertain the impact of time to surgery from preoperative radiotherapy on tumour regression.

Results
From a cohort of 367 patients, 197 patients met the inclusion criteria. Complete pathologic response (AJCC regression grade 0) was seen in 46 (23%) patients with a further 44 patients (22%) having at most small groups of residual cells (AJCC regression grade 1). Median time to surgery was 63 days, and no statistically significant difference was seen in tumour regression between patients having early or late surgery. There was a non-significant trend towards a larger proportion of morning treatments in patients with grade 0 or 1 regression (p = 0.077). There was no difference in tumour regression when composite groups of the two temporal variables were analysed. Visualisation of data from 39 reviewed papers (describing 27379 patients) demonstrated a plateau of response to neoadjuvant radiotherapy after approximately 60 days, and a meta-analysis found improved complete pathologic response in patients having later surgery.

Conclusions
There was no observed benefit of chronomodulated radiotherapy in our cohort of rectal cancer patients. Review of the literature and meta-analysis confirms the benefit of delayed surgery, with a plateau in complete response rates at approximately 60-days between completion of radiotherapy and surgery. In our cohort, time to surgery for the majority of our patients lay along this plateau and this may be a more dominant factor in determining response to neoadjuvant therapy, obscuring any effects of chronomodulation on tumour response. We would recommend surgery be performed between 8 and 11 weeks after completion of neoadjuvant radiotherapy in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer.