bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cadherin cis and trans interactions are mutually cooperative
Authors: Thompson Connor J. , Vu Vinh H. , Leckband Deborah E. , Schwartz Daniel K. 
Published: March 2021

Significance
Cadherin-mediated intercellular adhesion involves both cis and trans interactions between cadherin extracellular domains. It has been hypothesized that the combination of these cis and trans interactions is critical for the formation of macroscopic adhesions. Here, we have used single-molecule microscopy to show that cis and trans interactions are mutually cooperative, in that cis interactions directly increase the stability of trans bonds and trans interactions similarly increase the stability of cis bonds. Furthermore, we show that this cooperativity directly results in cadherin accumulation to form macroscopic intermembrane junctions. This cooperativity occurs at the molecular level and suggests that trans dimers are allosterically stabilized by individual cis interactions. These results provide mechanistic insight into cadherin junction assembly, independent of cytoplasmic interactions.
Neuromechanical wave resonance in jellyfish swimming
Authors: Hoover Alexander P. , Xu Nicole W. , Gemmell Brad J. , Colin Sean P. , Costello John H. , Dabiri John O. , Miller Laura A. 
Published: March 2021

Significance
Despite a relatively simple nervous system, jellyfish manage a broad range of motion from a distributed set of pacemakers, which initiate action potentials that form a wave of muscular activation to drive the bell motion. In this interdisciplinary study, we find that successful turning maneuvers are dependent on the speed of this activation wave. Using a three-dimensional computational fluid–structure interaction model, we demonstrate that setting the activation wave speed near the bell’s material wave speed, from the elastic wave equation, yields the strongest turning and margin hyperextension. This suggests an undescribed neuromechanical constraint on the bell, an important finding pertinent to the actuation of biomimetic vehicles and tissue-engineered pumps, as well as the biology of locomotion in flexible animals.
Emergent robustness of bacterial quorum sensing in fluid flow
Authors: Dalwadi Mohit P. , Pearce Philip 
Published: March 2021

Significance
Bacteria control multicellular behaviors through a process called quorum sensing (QS). Because QS signaling molecules diffuse between cells, they are susceptible to removal by external fluid flow, which is a ubiquitous feature of bacterial habitats ranging from the lungs, gut, and nasal passage to rivers, lakes, and oceans. It is therefore vital to account for realistic flow conditions when assessing the functional role of QS genetic networks. By systematically connecting cell- and population-level processes, our theory demonstrates and quantifies how positive feedback in QS networks allows bacterial populations to overcome spatiotemporal chemical gradients caused by steady or intermittent external fluid flow and to orchestrate robust collective responses in complex environments.
Ultrafast nanometric imaging of energy flow within and between single carbon dots
Authors: Nguyen Huy A. , Srivastava Indrajit , Pan Dipanjan , Gruebele Martin 
Published: March 2021

Significance
Carbon dots are promising fluorescent nanomaterials, but their fluorescence yield is fairly low when measured in the bulk. By observing single dots directly using femtosecond single-nanometer resolution imaging, we find that some carbon dots fluoresce exceedingly well and others not at all. We propose a simple mechanism, which suggests that near-perfect fluorescence yield is possible by improved separation or synthesis, as indeed quantum yields of carbon dots have been improving.
Theory of bulk photovoltaic effect in Anderson insulator
Authors: Ishizuka Hiroaki , Nagaosa Naoto 
Published: March 2021

Significance
Localization and its effect on electronic transport is a key for understanding the properties of disordered systems. In this work, we theoretically study the bulk photovoltaic effect in Anderson insulators, which occurs when a weak dissipation exists. Despite the localization of all wavefunctions, the photocurrent is nearly independent of the impurity strength when it is smaller than the bandwidth. This current vanishes in the absence of dissipation, while it reaches a value comparable to that of the clean limit with a dissipation expected at room temperature, assuming electron–phonon interaction causes the dissipation. These results are consistent with a recent experiment in SbSI. The results open a direction for designing efficient optical devices with a suppressed carrier backflow.
Ki-67 regulates global gene expression and promotes sequential stages of carcinogenesis
Authors: Mrouj Karim , Andrés-Sánchez Nuria , Dubra Geronimo , Singh Priyanka , Sobecki Michal , Chahar Dhanvantri , Al Ghoul Emile , Aznar Ana Bella , Prieto Susana , Pirot Nelly , Bernex Florence , Bordignon Benoit , Hassen-Khodja Cedric , Villalba Martin , Krasinska Liliana , Fisher Daniel 
Published: March 2021

Significance
Ki-67 is a nuclear protein present in all proliferating vertebrate cells and is widely used as a marker in clinical cancer histopathology. However, its cellular functions have remained largely mysterious, and whether it plays any roles in cancer was unknown. In this work, we show genetically that Ki-67 is not required for cell proliferation in tumors, but it is required for all stages of carcinogenesis. The effects on cell transformation, tumor growth, metastasis, and drug sensitivity correlate with genome-scale changes in gene expression that modify cellular programs implicated in cancer. Thus, Ki-67 expression is advantageous for cancer cells, but it comes with an Achilles’ heel: it makes them more visible to the immune system.
Signs and words
Authors: Sandler Wendy 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Natural sign languages both constrain and expand
our understanding of the nature of words. In each modality, words
can be used in isolation, have meanings or grammatical functions,
and are identifiable by their prosodic form. Such shared properties
constrain the universal definition of the word. The differences,
such as pervasive simultaneity and iconicity in sign word structure
and word formation, compared to linearity and arbitrariness typical
of spoken words, expand our conception of what a word can be.
Investigation of an emerging sign language reveals just how
fundamental the word is to language, and shows how morphological
complexity begins as an abstract pattern. Sign languages introduce a
tension between constraining and expanding the definitive properties
of words, offering a more nuanced understanding of this most basic
unit of linguistic structure.
Multi-layered default in Ripano
Authors: Loporcaro Michele , Paciaroni Tania 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This chapter deals with morphological and
syntactic defaults in Ripano (Italo-Romance), using the toolkit of
Network Morphology and Canonical Typology. Analyzing noun and
adjective inflection, we propose a unitary inheritance hierarchy for
nominals which features a general default plus overrides specifying
class-specific rules of exponence. The hierarchy accounts for gender
assignment along with inflectional classes, as Ripano has
overwhelmingly overt gender. This also offers the link to the
syntax, because in Ripano overt gender is not context-free but
depends on syntactic context, a property never described for any
other language of the world. We show that one can distinguish a
normal vs an exceptional-case default and conclude on how these
relate to the morphological default established in the inheritance
hierarchy.
COVID-19: A Catalyst for Change in Telehealth Service Delivery for Opioid use Disorder Management
Authors: Mehtani Nicky J. , Ristau Jessica T. , Snyder Hannah , Surlyn Colleen , Eveland Joanna , Smith-Bernardin Shannon , Knight Kelly R. 
Published: March 2021

Background COVID-19 has exacerbated income inequality, structural racism, and social isolation—issues that drive addiction and have previously manifested in the epidemic of opioid-associated overdose. The co-existence of these epidemics has necessitated care practice changes, including the use of telehealth-based encounters for the diagnosis and management of opioid use disorder (OUD). Methods We describe the development of the “Addiction Telehealth Program” (ATP), a telephone-based program to reduce treatment access barriers for people with substance use disorders staying at San Francisco's COVID-19 Isolation and Quarantine (I&Q) sites. Telehealth encounters were documented in the electronic medical record and an internal tracking system for the San Francisco Department of Public Health (SFDPH) COVID-19 Containment Response. Descriptive statistics were collected on a case series of patients initiated on buprenorphine at I&Q sites and indicators of feasibility were measured. Results Between April 10 and May 25, 2020, ATP consulted on the management of opioid, alcohol, GHB, marijuana, and stimulant use for 59 I&Q site guests. Twelve patients were identified with untreated OUD and newly prescribed buprenorphine. Of these, all were marginally housed, 67% were Black, and 58% had never previously been prescribed medications for OUD. Four self-directed early discharge from I&Q—1 prior to and 3 after initiating buprenorphine. Of the remaining 8 patients, 7 reported continuing to take buprenorphine at the time of I&Q discharge and 1 discontinued. No patients started on buprenorphine sustained significant adverse effects, required emergency care, or experienced overdose. Conclusions ATP demonstrates the feasibility of telephone-based management of OUD among a highly marginalized patient population in San Francisco and supports the implementation of similar programs in areas of the U.S. where access to addiction treatment is limited. Legal changes permitting the prescribing of buprenorphine via telehealth without the requirement of an in-person visit should persist beyond the COVID-19 public health emergency.
MICROSCOPE. mission analysis, requirements and expected performance
Authors: Touboul Pierre , Rodrigues Manuel , Métris Gilles , Chhun Ratana , Robert Alain , Baghi Quentin , Hardy Emilie , Bergé Joel , Boulanger Damien , Christophe Bruno , Cipolla Valerio , Foulon Bernard , Guidotti Pierre-Yves , Huynh Phuong-Anh , Lebat Vincent , Liorzou Françoise , Pouilloux Benjamin , Prieur Pascal , Reynaud Serge 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The MICROSCOPE mission aimed to test the weak equivalence principle (WEP) to a precision of 10−15. The WEP states that two bodies fall at the same rate on a gravitational field independently of their mass or composition. In MICROSCOPE, two masses of different compositions (titanium and platinum alloys) are placed on a quasi-circular trajectory around the Earth. They are the test-masses of a double accelerometer. The measurement of their accelerations is used to extract a potential WEP violation that would occur at a frequency defined by the motion and attitude of the satellite around the Earth. This paper details the major drivers of the mission leading to the specification of the major subsystems (satellite, ground segment, instrument, orbit…). Building upon the measurement equation, we derive the objective of the test in statistical and systematic error allocation and provide the mission’s expected error budget.
The Fourier–Bessel expansion: application to experimental probes of gravity and feeble short-range interactions
Authors: Lee J G , Adelberger E G , Marcoline F V , Terrano W A , Heckel B R 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Two Eöt–Wash torsion balance instruments exploited optimized Fourier–Bessel geometries to test the short-distance properties of gravity and to constrain exotic dipole–dipole and monopole–dipole interactions. We discuss efficient analytic techniques for computing the expected torques in those instruments arising from Newtonian and Yukawa interactions between unpolarized test bodies and dipole–dipole and monopole–dipole torques on polarized test-bodies. We consider systematic effects induced by weak external magnetic fields on the nominally unpolarized test-bodies. We also present a new Fourier–Bessel expansion for inverse-power-law (IPL) potentials and use this to calculate the expected IPL signals in our recent short-distance test of the gravitational inverse-square law. Our results slightly improve limits on inverse-5th-power law potentials.
Electron impact single ionization differential cross sections of W (6s), W (5d), W (5p) and W (4f)
Authors: Purohit G 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Electron-induced triple differential cross sections (TDCSs) have been obtained for the few outer sub-shells of tungsten atoms, namely W (6s), W (5d), W (5p) and W (4f). Tungsten and related materials have been recommended as the prime candidates for wall materials in fusion plasma devices. The electron-induced cross-section data are strongly required for the diagnostics and modeling of plasma in such devices. We observe that the trends of TDCSs obtained for the ionization of W (5d) sub-shells are very different from the TDCSs of W (6s), W (5p) and W (4f) in terms of binary and recoil peak locations as well as in the change of magnitude of TDCS with an increasing value of momentum transfer which is due to the open d-shell. The angle and energy-resolved cross-section data of tungsten atoms may be of vital importance in order to understand the spectroscopy of W atoms as wall materials as well as an impurity.
Squeezed light generation in cascaded optomechanical systems
Authors: Wang Yue-Yuan , Yi Zhen , Yan Yan , Gu Wen-Ju 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We theoretically investigate the enhancement of the degree and bandwidth of squeezed states of light generated in cascaded optomechanical (OM) systems. With the obtained recursion relation of the generalized output quadratures, it is possible to realize cascaded OM systems operated simultaneously in a deamplification situation for the same quadrature with a frequency-dependent phase shift between cascaded systems. Due to the cumulative OM interaction, the degree of squeezing can be significantly improved and nearly independent of frequencies. Thus the squeezing frequency band is notably broadened. Moreover, the squeezing bandwidth can be further broadened through tuning the detunings between laser and cavity frequencies. Finally, the influence of optical losses on squeezing due to the inefficient transmission between cascaded systems is also taken into account, which degrades the squeezing via introducing uncorrelated vacuum noises. However, a better squeezed state is still achievable compared to that generated in single OM system.
First-principles study of ultrafast dynamics of Dirac plasmon in graphene
Authors: Novko Dino 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Exploring low-loss two-dimensional plasmon modes is considered central for achieving light manipulation at the nanoscale and applications in plasmonic science and technology. In this context, pump–probe spectroscopy is a powerful tool for investigating these collective modes and the corresponding energy transfer processes. Here, I present a first-principles study on non-equilibrium Dirac plasmon in graphene, wherein damping channels under ultrafast conditions are still not fully explored. The laser-induced blueshift of plasmon energy is explained in terms of thermal increase of the electron–hole pair concentration in the intraband channel. Interestingly, while damping pathways of the equilibrium graphene plasmon are entirely ruled by scatterings with acoustic phonons, the photoinduced plasmon predominantly transfers its energy to the strongly coupled hot optical phonons, which explains the experimentally-observed tenfold increase of the plasmon linewidth. The present study paves the way for an in-depth theoretical comprehension of plasmon temporal dynamics in novel two-dimensional systems and heterostructures.
Fission fragment mass yields of Th to Rf even-even nuclei *
Authors: Pomorski Krzysztof , Blanco José M. , Kostryukov Pavel V. , Dobrowolski Artur , Nerlo-Pomorska Bożena , Warda Michał , Xiao Zhi-Gang , Chen Yong-Jing , Liu Li-Le , Tian Jun-Long , Diao Xin-Yue , Wu Qiang-Hua 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Fission properties of the actinide nuclei are deduced from theoretical analysis. We investigate potential energy surfaces and fission barriers and predict the fission fragment mass yields of actinide isotopes. The results are compared with experimental data where available. The calculations were performed in the macroscopic-microscopic approximation with the Lublin-Strasbourg Drop (LSD) for the macroscopic part, and the microscopic energy corrections were evaluated in the Yukawa-folded potential. The Fourier nuclear shape parametrization is used to describe the nuclear shape, including the non-axial degree of freedom. The fission fragment mass yields of the nuclei considered are evaluated within a 3D collective model using the Born-Oppenheimer approximation.
Neural activity shaping utilizing a partitioned target pattern
Authors: Spencer Martin J , Kameneva Tatiana , Grayden David B , Burkitt Anthony N , Meffin Hamish 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Electrical stimulation of neural tissue is used in both clinical and experimental devices to evoke a desired spatiotemporal pattern of neural activity. These devices induce a local field that drives neural activation, referred to as an activating function or generator signal. In visual prostheses, the spread of generator signal from each electrode within the neural tissue results in a spread of visual perception, referred to as a phosphene. Objective. In cases where neighbouring phosphenes overlap, it is desirable to use current steering or neural activity shaping strategies to manipulate the generator signal between the electrodes to provide greater control over the total pattern of neural activity. Applying opposite generator signal polarities in neighbouring regions of the retina forces the generator signal to pass through zero at an intermediate point, thus inducing low neural activity that may be perceived as a high-contrast line. This approach provides a form of high contrast visual perception, but it requires partitioning of the target pattern into those regions that use positive or negative generator signals. This discrete optimization is an NP-hard problem that is subject to being trapped in detrimental local minima. Approach. This investigation proposes a new partitioning method using image segmentation to determine the most beneficial positive and negative generator signal regions. Utilizing a database of 1000 natural images, the method is compared to alternative approaches based upon the mean squared error of the outcome. Main results.
Under nominal conditions and with a set computation limit, partitioning provided improvement for 32% of these images. This percentage increased to 89% when utilizing image pre-processing to emphasize perceptual features of the images. The percentage of images that were dealt with most effectively with image segmentation increased as lower computation limits were imposed on the algorithms. Significance. These results provide a new method to increase the resolution of neural stimulating arrays and thus improve the experience of visual prosthesis users.
Inferring functional connectivity through graphical directed information
Authors: Young Joseph , Neveu Curtis L , Byrne John H , Aazhang Behnaam 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objective. Accurate inference of functional connectivity is critical for understanding brain function. Previous methods have limited ability distinguishing between direct and indirect connections because of inadequate scaling with dimensionality. This poor scaling performance reduces the number of nodes that can be included in conditioning. Our goal was to provide a technique that scales better and thereby enables minimization of indirect connections. Approach. Our major contribution is a powerful model-free framework, graphical directed information (GDI), that enables pairwise directed functional connections to be conditioned on the activity of substantially more nodes in a network, producing a more accurate graph of functional connectivity that reduces indirect connections. The key technology enabling this advancement is a recent advance in the estimation of mutual information (MI), which relies on multilayer perceptrons and exploiting an alternative representation of the Kullback–Leibler divergence definition of MI. Our second major contribution is the application of this technique to both discretely valued and continuously valued time series. Main results. GDI correctly inferred the circuitry of arbitrary Gaussian, nonlinear, and conductance-based networks. Furthermore, GDI inferred many of the connections of a model of a central pattern generator circuit in Aplysia, while also reducing many indirect connections. Significance. GDI is a general and model-free technique that can be used on a variety of scales and data types to provide accurate direct connectivity graphs and addresses the critical issue of indirect connections in neural data analysis.
Thermographic reconstruction of heat load on the first wall of Wendelstein 7-X due to ECRH shine-through power
Authors: Corre Y. , Gaspar J. , Marsen S. , Moseev D. , Stange T. , Boscary J. , Drewelow P. , Gao Y. , Jakubowski M. , Hillairet J. , Laqua H.P. , Lechte C. , Moncada V. , Niemann H. , Preynas M. , Puig Sitjes A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) is a powerful and flexible plasma heating technique that serves as the main heater at Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) and will be used at ITER for start-up, heating, current drive and mitigation of plasma instabilities. In the case of poor or degraded microwave absorption, which is expected in the O2-mode heating scenario, a significant part of the beam directly hits the wall, leading to local overheating and potential damage. The ECRH shine-through power is mostly reflected onto the targets; only a small fraction is really absorbed through ohmic losses (typically 3% for graphite at 140 GHz). The ohmic losses do not only depend on the material properties and the frequency, but also on the polarization of the wave and the angle of incidence. This paper presents a thermographic analysis of ECRH experiments at W7-X, including heat load and temperature simulations of the first wall that include ECRH shine through. Two O-mode ECRH experiments with both a high temperature rise of the first wall and different angles of beam incidence on the wall’s surface are depicted. One experiment has 775 kW of power modulation (5 Hz) with mixed polarization (45% O-mode, 55% X-mode) and an EC beam angle almost normal to the first wall. The second has 550 kW of steady EC power with O-mode polarization, a shallow beam angle and increased power absorption by the material. It is shown that infrared thermography is a useful tool for measuring shine-through power and protecting wall components.