bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nd:Yag Goniopuncture After Deep Sclerectomy With Collagen Implant
Authors: Mermou André , Karlen Marc-Etienne , Schnyder Corinne C , Sickenberg Michel , Chiou Auguste G Y , Hédiguer Serge E A , Sanchez Enrique 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To study the need, the safety and the success rate of Nd:Yag goniopuncture in eyes that underwent deep sclerectomy with collagen implant.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: The first 100 patients that underwent deep sclerectomy with collagen implant were prospectively followed. Deep sclerectomy with collagen implant is a non-penetrating filtering surgery which allows filtration of aqueous from the anterior chamber to the subconjunctival space through a remaining trabeculo-Descemet's membrane without opening the anterior chamber. Goniopunctures with Nd:Yag laser were performed at the site of surgery when the filtration through the trabeculo-Descemet's membrane was considered to be insufficient with elevated intraocular pressure. The laser treatment was performed using a Lasag 15 gonioscopy contact lens (CGAl). Goniopunctures were performed using the free-running Q-switched mode with an energy ranging from 2 to 4 mj.
* RESULTS: Of 100 patients who underwent deep sclerectomy with collagen implant, goniopunctures with NdiYag laser were performed in 4 1 patients (4 1 %) . The mean time between deep sclerectomy with collagen implant and goniopuncture was 9.9 months ± 1.2 months (± SE). The mean IOP before laser treatment was 22.2 mm ± 7.0 mm Hg and decreased to 12.5 mm ± 5.8 mm Hg immediately after laser treatment and remained stable for the next 2 years of follow-up. The immediate success rate of goniopuncture was 83%. Choroidal detachment occurred in two patients (5%).
* CONCLUSION: Nd:Yag goniopuncture is an efficient and safe treatment for low filtration through the trabeculo-Descemet's membrane after deep sclerectomy with collagen implant.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1999;30: 120-125.]
A Study of the Incidence of Culture-Positive Endophthalmitis After Cataract Surgery in an Ambulatory Care Center
Authors: Bohigian George M 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To deter mine the incidence of culture-positive endophthalmitis after cataract surgery in an ambulatory surgical care center and to analyze the effectiveness of povidoneiodine solution in the preoperative preparation in preventing culture-positive endophthalmitis.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective series of 19,269 consecutive cases of cataract extraction with lens implantation over 12 years in an ambulatory care center was reviewed.
* RESULTS: Nine cases of culture-positive endophthalmitis occurred, for an incidence of 0.05%. The initial 4,740 cases (1985-1989) were performed without the use of povidone-iodine; the following 14,529 cases (1990-1996) were done using povidone-iodine. The incidence of culture-positive endophthalmitis was 0.08% and 0.03%, respectively.
* CONCLUSION: The incidence of culture-positive endophthalmitis in this series was very low. The use of 5% povidone-iodine, topically, appeared to be beneficial in reducing the incidence of culture-positive endophthalmitis after cataract extraction (P=O. 24), but was not statistically significant in this retrospective series. Evaluation and methods to prevent endophthalmitis are difficult in retrospective clinical studies due to multiple variables and the rarity of this complication.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1999;30:295-298.]
A Case of Bacterial Endophthalmitis Following Perforating Injury Caused by a Cat Claw
Authors: Doi Mari , Ikeda Tsunehiko , Yasuhara Toru , Koizumi Kan , Nakamura Tomiko 
Published: April 2021

Abstract. A case of bacterial endophthalmitis following a perforating ocular injury caused by a cat claw is reported. The scleral wound was sutured immediately following the injury and systemic antibiotics were administered. Despite this treatment, endophthalmitis occurred 3 days after the injury. The endophthalmitis was resolved by pars plana vitrectomy, however preretinal reproliferation and retinal detachment subsequently occurred. After reoperation the retina was reattached and the corrected visual acuity improved from 10 cm/HM to 20/200. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was detected in cultured vitreous humor that was collected during surgery. This case illustrates the possibility of endophthalmitis being caused by gram negative bacillus in cases of perforating injuries caused by animal claws. Perforating ocular injuries caused by animal claws are relatively rare. Here we report a case of endophthalmitis due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa that occurred after a perforating injury caused by a cat claw. The eye was treated by pars plana vitrectomy.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1999;30:315-316.]
Surgical Results and Complications of Mitomycin C-Augmented Trabeculectomy in Refractory Developmental Glaucoma
Authors: Mandal Anil K , Prasad Kalyani , Naduvilath Thomas J 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the surgical results and complications of mitomycin C-augmented trabeculectomy in refractory developmental glaucoma.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: The authors reviewed the charts of all patients of refractory developmental glaucoma who underwent mitomycin C-augmented trabeculectomy (0.4 mg/ml for 3 minutes) between September 1990 and August 1995. Thirtyeight eyes of 29 patients were included in the study; 34 eyes (89.5%) had refractory primary congenital glaucoma with documented failure of primary surgery, 2 eyes (5-3%) had Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome and 2 eyes (5-3%) had aniridia. The main outcome measures in this study were preoperative and postoperative intraocular pressures (IOPs) ,visual acuities, bleb characteristics, success rate, time of surgical failure, and complications.
* RESULTS: The IOP (mean ± SD) reduced from a preoperative level of 32.6 ± 1 1.8 mm Hg to 12.3 ± 7.3 mm Hg (P<0.0001) with the percentage reduction in IOP being 56%. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the success probability at 18 months was 65%, which was maintained till 30 months of followup. The bleb was characterized by its large, elevated, avascular, transparent appearance in all the eyes. There were no intraoperative complications. The postoperative complications included hyphema (absorbed one week) in 8 eyes (21%), uncontrolled IOP in 8 eyes (21%), shallow anterior chamber in 3 eyes (7.9%), hypotony without visual loss in one eye (2.6%) and retinal detachment in 2 eyes (5.2%) which was surgically repaired successfully. Visual acuity was maintained in all cases after surgery. None of the patients developed mitomycin-C related late bleb-leakage or endophthalmitis.
* CONCLUSION: Treatment of refractory developmental glaucoma with mitomycin C-augmented trabeculectomy is effective and safe with an acceptable rate of complications.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1999;30:473-480.]
Polyglactin Sutures Versus Nylon Sutures for Scleral Flap Suturing in Trabeculectomy
Authors: Raina Usha K , Tuli Deven , Mehta D K 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To note the effect on filtration function of using polyglactin sutures for scleral flap suturing in trabeculectomy.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Polyglactin sutures were compared with nylon sutures to secure the scleral flap of trabeculectomy in 30 consecutive eyes. Parameters studied were intraocular pressure, central anterior chamber depth, and bleb score in this randomized prospective study.
* RESULTS: Observations regarding intraocular pressure, central anterior chamber depth and bleb score in the early postoperative period were comparable in the 2 groups. The results at 12 months follow-up reveal a lower mean IOP (P < 0.05) and a higher mean bleb score (P < 0.05) in the group with polyglactin sutures. Success rate (defined as IOP < 21 mm Hg) at 12 months was 100% with use of polyglactin sutures compared to 80% with nylon sutures.
* CONCLUSIONS: Polyglactin sutures can be used as an alternative to nylon sutures for scleral flap suturing in trabeculectomy, with the possible additional benefit of better long-term filtration function.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1999;30:554-559.]
In Vitro Flow Properties of Glaucoma Implant Devices
Authors: Eisenberg Dan L , Koo Edward Y , Hafner Greg , Schuman Joel S 
Published: April 2021

* PURPOSE: To develop a protocol for testing glaucoma implant devices and to use this protocol to characterize devices currently available.
* METHODS: The following devices were obtained: Ahmed Glaucoma Valve Implant, Baerveldt Implant, Krupin Eye Valve, Joseph Valve, and OptiMed Glaucoma Pressure Regulator. Pressure per unit time was measured in real-time during ramped pressure perfusion of the implant devices with an open-manometer system. Each device was measured during a 10 minute interval while a constant flow of fluid was pumped into the system. The open manometer allowed the resistance of the devices to generate a pressure head which was monitored by computer. Four independent runs were averaged for each device.
* RESULTS: The Ahmed devices demonstrated reliable valve performance with a mean opening pressure of 13.65 mm Hg, a facility flow of 1.2 µL/min/mm Hg and a closing pressure of 6.1 mm Hg. The Baerveldt devices had a mean facility flow of 7.56 µL/min/mm Hg. The Joseph devices had the most variable performance, opening from 2.05 to 6.21 mm Hg. Two of 4 Joseph devices had high facility of flow (5 µL/min/mm Hg). The Krupin devices had a mean opening pressure of 6.25 mm Hg in 3 of 4 devices. The remaining Krupin device did not exhibit valve behavior. The OptiMed device did not reveal an opening pressure, and had a mean facility of flow of 7.08 µL/min/mm Hg for high flow and 6.20 µL/min/mm Hg for low flow.
* CONCLUSION: An objective test protocol for glaucoma implant devices was demonstrated. All implant devices had high facility of flow compared to the normal eye and can be grouped into very high facility (Baerveldt and OptiMed), and high facility (Ahmed, Joseph and Krupin). Only the Ahmed device had consistent valve behavior. None of the devices created enough resistance to explain long-term clinical failure of glaucoma drainage device surgery.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1999;30:662-667.]
Endophthalmitis Caused by
Streptococcus
:Clinical Outcomes and Antimicrobial Susceptibilities 2014–2019
Authors: Staropoli Patrick C. , Flynn Harry W. , Miller Darlene , Persad Patrice J. , Vanner Elizabeth A. 
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To report the clinical settings, antibiotic susceptibilities, and outcomes of streptococcal endophthalmitis.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Retrospective case series evaluating culture-positive streptococcal endophthalmitis from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2019.

RESULTS:

Thirty-eight eyes met study criteria. The most common clinical setting was post-glaucoma surgery (33.3%, 12/36). The most frequent isolate was
Streptococcus viridans
(63.2%, 24/38). Isolates were susceptible to vancomycin (100%, 36/36), ceftriaxone (100%, 28/28), and levofloxacin (100%, 36/36). Final best-corrected visual acuity was 20/150 or better in 24.1% (7/29) but 20/200 or worse in 75.9% (22/29). Enucleation was performed in 11.1% (4/36). A subset (n = 11) of cases were evaluated for streptococcal-specific virulence factors: pneumolysin was present in 18.2% (2/11), autolysin in 45.5% (5/11), and hyaluronidase in 54.5% (6/11). Clinical setting, antibacterial susceptibilities, timing of pars plana vitrectomy, and virulence factor presence were not associated with better visual outcome or enucleation rate (
P
> .05).

CONCLUSION:
Visual prognosis for streptococcal endophthalmitis is poor despite early and appropriate antibiotic treatment.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2021;52:182–189.]
Retour sur un objet communicationnel situé
Authors: Despontin Lefèvre Irène 
Published: April 2021

À partir d’observations en/hors ligne réalisées sur le collectif féministe #NousToutes et menées dans le cadre de recherches doctorales, la présente étude invite à une réflexion méthodologique au prisme des théories sur les savoirs situés. Plus particulièrement, il s’agit ici de questionner l’importance de l’« exposition située » du chercheur-e dans les processus de production de la recherche, en articulant ses expériences en/hors ligne et son rapport au terrain physique et/ou numérique.
Bateaux, plateaux, arsenaux : quels enjeux géopolitiques dans un Arctique en mutation ?
Authors: Lasserre Frédéric 
Published: April 2021

Trois grandes controverses, bien différentes, opposent les pays de l’Arctique. Tout d’abord se pose la question du statut des routes maritimes potentielles des Passages du Nord-ouest et du Nord-est, alors que des scénarios y prévoient un accroissement de la navigation. Ensuite se pose la question de l’extension de la souveraineté économique sur les plateaux continentaux, au-delà de la ligne des 200 miles marins, et des litiges frontaliers que les chevauchements pourraient susciter. Enfin, alimentées par le souci des États arctiques d’asseoir leur contrôle sur les espaces maritimes qui se libèrent des glaces, les politiques de sécurisation que plusieurs d’entre eux mènent apparaissent parfois comme une militarisation de l’Arctique, en particulier pour la Russie et, un temps, pour le Canada. Ces trois controverses diffèrent tant de par les enjeux que du fait de jeux d’alliances changeants. Mais ces phénomènes traduisent-ils réellement un emballement des enjeux géopolitiques pour l’Arctique  ?
Un objet diplomatique : l’occupation industrielle des fonds marins à travers l’analyse des décisions politiques
Authors: Frozel Barros Natália 
Published: April 2021

Cet article fait un retour sur les premières controverses et décisions politiques (1982-1989) ayant déclenché l’institutionnalisation du partage des zones d’exploration minière des fonds marins internationaux. Il part du constat selon lequel le dispositif juridique de la Convention des Nations unies sur le droit de la mer et la création de l’Autorité internationale des fonds marins sont des choix controversés. Malgré les critiques des pays plus puissants, dont celles de l’administration américaine de Reagan, ce cadre juridique onusien s’institutionnalise graduellement : une série de négociations diplomatiques et industrielles, notamment dans les coulisses des Nations unies, verrouille le cadre onusien comme cadre principal de traitement des affaires des fonds marins. L’article est fondé sur une enquête inédite portant sur le travail diplomatique de négociation et d’élaboration du droit international de la mer aux Nations unies. Il s’appuie principalement sur les archives onusiennes.
Une frontière virtuelle : l’exploitation des ressources minérales profondes dans le Pacifique
Authors: Le Meur Pierre-Yves , Muni Toke Valelia 
Published: April 2021

Le projet d’exploiter les ressources minérales marines profondes, qui remonte aux années 1960, est revenu au premier plan dans les années 2000, dans un contexte de course aux matières premières et de croissance rapide des économies émergentes, en particulier celle de la Chine. La mine sous-marine constitue une nouvelle frontière économique et technologique pour les firmes minières et le capital transnational tandis que les pays et territoires du Pacifique insulaire s’efforcent d’anticiper cette rencontre en renforçant leurs compétences souveraines et la coopération régionale. Pour les peuples autochtones et les autorités coutumières est en jeu la représentation cognitive et normative des espaces océaniques comme part intégrant de leur univers et monde de vie alimentant des affirmations spécifiques de souveraineté « non-westphalienne ». La réalisation du potentiel minier sous-marin reste toutefois lente à se dessiner. Cet article se propose d’explorer cette frontière minière encore largement virtuelle via les politiques et les dispositifs mis en place dans ce domaine dans les territoires français du Pacifique, avec un accent sur le cas de Wallis-et-Futuna. Il s’agira d’examiner et d’analyser les effets induits par la rencontre entre politique française, réponses océaniennes et virtualité de la mine sous-marine, en particulier du point de vue des relations des Outre-mer à l’État et à l’information, entre défiance, rumeurs et controverses. On verra à quel point les questions d’incertitude, y compris morale, institutionnelle et ontologique, jouent un rôle structurant dans la compréhension et les négociations des enjeux de l’exploration et de l’exploitation des ressources minérales marines profondes.
«  Artisan, ça veut tout et rien dire  » - Quelle lutte des classes dans la pêche bretonne  ?
Authors: Clouette Fabien 
Published: April 2021

La filière pêche bretonne est souvent considérée comme homogène alors qu’elle recèle de rapports de force, reflets d’une diversité de tailles d’entreprises, d’intérêts économiques ou politiques et de sensibilités écologiques. Nous avançons dans cet article l’hypothèse d’une lutte de classe originale au secteur, opposant non seulement les gros armements, concentrant actuellement les capitaux et les droits de pêche, à leurs ouvriers matelots exploités sur les ponts hauturiers, mais aussi aux petits artisans qu’ils concurrencent sur zone de pêche. Matelots et artisans ont en commun la subalternité vis-à-vis de ces armements industriels, ainsi que la recherche d’une capacité d’action qui s’exprime souvent de manière infra-politique. L’article montre comment s’organisent ces rapports de force : une naturalisation des rapports de pouvoir s’opère et il convient d’en analyser les effets.
«  La mer ne nous appartient plus  !  »
Authors: Mariat-Roy Émilie 
Published: April 2021

L’instauration d’une politique de gestion des ressources marines par Quotas individuels transférables (1990) en Islande 1990 a eu des conséquences multiples et des implications profondes dans les activités de pêche et les représentations que les pêcheurs se font de leur environnement de travail et de leur métier. Dans cet article, nous focaliserons notre attention sur la pêche artisanale à bord de petites embarcations, qui a joué un rôle très important dans la relance ou le maintien de l’activité de pêche dans des régions dépendant étroitement du secteur de la production halieutique. Les difficultés qui touchent le monde des pêches artisanales sont consécutives d’une marchandisation des droits à produire au fondement d’une reconfiguration de l’activité de pêche. Nous entendons montrer jusqu’où cette marchandisation de l’accès aux ressources marines met à mal ce qui est au fondement de l’activité de pêche dans sa dimension la plus concrète et la plus fondamentale et stratégique : non seulement la production collective d’un savoir pratique sur le milieu maritime, mais aussi la reconnaissance, au-delà de la sphère professionnelle, de sa légitimité. Cet article se divisera en quatre parties : après avoir exposé quelques éléments de cadrage, nous analyserons l’évolution des pratiques de pêche à bord de petites embarcations entre 1990 et 2010 ; nous reviendrons sur le développement des petites embarcations pour une viabilisation des communes littorales ; nous montrerons ensuite comment les QIT ont transformé les valeurs du poisson et celle du travail ; enfin, nous terminerons avant de conclure par l’identification et l’analyse des processus de «  dés-appropriation  » et d’«  ensauvagement  » des espaces maritimes.
Comparison of Reliability and Validity of Measurements on Digital Study Models Made with Scann Three-Dimensional Smartphone Software and Plaster Models
Authors: Prabhu K. , Venkatesan N. , Kirubakaran A. , Karthick V. C. , Imithiyas M. , Karthick Ramesh 
Published: April 2021

Aim:
The aim of this study was to compare traditional manual model analysis with a digital caliper with the virtual model analysis of digitalized plaster models.

Settings and Study Design:
This was a comparative in vitro study.

Materials and Methods:
Randomly ten plaster models of prosthodontics patients in permanent dentition were analyzed. Manual analyses were performed with a diagnostic digital caliper and smartphone-assisted analysis after digitization of the plaster models using SCANN 3D software. The reliability and efficiency of digital models are to be analyzed by comparing measurements made on plaster and digital cast.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Difference and standard deviation were used for statistical analysis.

Results:
By comparing the linear transverse measurements, the data reveal that the mean values of the tooth width from the manual method were larger than the values from the digital method. The standard deviation was significantly high in the first premolar region, in manual method, and high in the second premolar region in digital measurements. With the digital method, the examiner found low values with the digital method. The time needed for the creation of 3D models from photogrammetry software will more and tedious and needs a learning curve.

Conclusion:
Models created by Scann 3D software with the help of a smartphone appear to be an adequate and reliable alternative to the conventional method of model analysis.
Assessment of Physical Growth in Male Children Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in Abakaliki
Authors: Ogeh Chijioke Ogodo , Emodi Ifeoma I. , Orji Maria-Lauretta , Nweke Chijioke J. , Ogeh Blessed U. , Iloh Ogochukwu Nneka , Iloh Kenechukwu Kosisochukwu 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection causes a derangement in growth. Antiretrovirals promote immune function restoration and improvement in the quality of life. Variables such as poor adherence to drugs and unsuppressed viral load may negatively influence growth in HIV-infected children. The study aimed at determining the growth in HIV-infected males aged 8–17 years in Abakaliki who were on antiretrovirals.

Methods:
A case–control hospital-based study, involving 80 HIV-infected males aged 8–17 years who were matched for age and socioeconomic class with 80 HIV-uninfected controls. Growth parameters including the heights, weights, and body mass index (BMI) of subjects and controls were measured, and Z scores for age derived for height, weight, and BMI.

Results:
The mean height of subjects (1.420 ± 0.18 m) was significantly lower than that of controls (1.515 ± 0.17 m). The mean weight of subjects (35.09 ± 12.48 kg) was significantly low compared to controls (42.21 ± 12.95 kg). A significant difference was documented in the mean BMI for age among subjects (16.78 ± 2.12 kg/m2) and controls (17.93 ± 2.27 kg/m2). There was a significant relationship between CD4 count and growth (BMI) (P = 0.006) and between duration on highly active antiretroviral therapy and growth (P = 0.024).

Conclusion:
HIV-infected males had significantly impaired growth despite the use of antiretroviral drugs.