bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frequency of severe reactions following penicillin drug provocation tests: A Bayesian meta‐analysis
Authors: Cardoso‐Fernandes António , Blumenthal Kimberly G. , Chiriac Anca Mirela , Tarrio Isabel , Afonso‐João David , Delgado Luís , Fonseca João Almeida , Azevedo Luís Filipe , Sousa‐Pinto Bernardo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatients with a penicillin allergy label tend to have worse clinical outcomes and increased healthcare use. Drug provocation tests (DPT) are the gold‐standard in the diagnostic workup of penicillin allergy, but safety concerns may hinder their performance. We aimed to assess the frequency of severe reactions following a DPT in patients with reported allergy to penicillins or other β‐lactams.MethodsWe performed a systematic review, searching MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science. We included primary studies assessing participants with a penicillin allergy label who underwent a DPT. We performed a Bayesian meta‐analysis to estimate the pooled frequency of severe reactions to penicillin DPTs. Sources of heterogeneity were explored by subgroup and metaregression analyses.ResultsWe included 112 primary studies which included a total of 26,595 participants. The pooled frequency of severe reactions was estimated at 0.06% (95% credible interval [95% CrI] = 0.01%–0.13%; I2 = 57.9%). Most severe reactions (80/93; 86.0%) consisted of anaphylaxis. Compared to studies where the index reaction was immediate, we observed a lower frequency of severe reactions for studies assessing non‐immediate index reactions (OR = 0.05; 95% CrI = 0‐0.31). Patients reporting anaphylaxis as their index reaction were found to be at increased risk of developing severe reactions (OR = 13.5; 95% CrI = 7.7–21.5; I2 = 0.3%). Performance of direct DPTs in low‐risk patients or testing with the suspected culprit drug were not associated with clinically relevant increased risk of severe reactions.ConclusionsIn patients with a penicillin allergy label, severe reactions resulting from DPTs are rare. Therefore, except for patients with potentially life‐threatening index reactions or patients with positive skin tests—who were mostly not assessed in this analysis ‐, the safety of DPTs supports their performance in the diagnostic assessment of penicillin allergy.
Posttranslational modifications of the cytoskeleton
Authors: MacTaggart Brittany , Kashina Anna 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe cytoskeleton plays important roles in many essential processes at the cellular and organismal levels, including cell migration and motility, cell division, and the establishment and maintenance of cell and tissue architecture. In order to facilitate these varied functions, the main cytoskeletal components—microtubules, actin filaments, and intermediate filaments—must form highly diverse intracellular arrays in different subcellular areas and cell types. The question of how this diversity is conferred has been the focus of research for decades. One key mechanism is the addition of posttranslational modifications (PTMs) to the major cytoskeletal proteins. This posttranslational addition of various chemical groups dramatically increases the complexity of the cytoskeletal proteome and helps facilitate major global and local cytoskeletal functions. Cytoskeletal proteins undergo many PTMs, most of which are not well understood. Recent technological advances in proteomics and cell biology have allowed for the in‐depth study of individual PTMs and their functions in the cytoskeleton. Here, we provide an overview of the major PTMs that occur on the main structural components of the three cytoskeletal systems—tubulin, actin, and intermediate filament proteins—and highlight the cellular function of these modifications.
The effects of adaptation to urea on feeding rates and growth in Drosophila larvae
Authors: Bitner Kathreen , Rutledge Grant A. , Kezos James N. , Mueller Laurence D. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA collection of forty populations were used to study the phenotypic adaptation of Drosophila melanogaster larvae to urea‐laced food. A long‐term goal of this research is to map genes responsible for these phenotypes. This mapping requires large numbers of populations. Thus, we studied fifteen populations subjected to direct selection for urea tolerance and five controls. In addition, we studied another twenty populations which had not been exposed to urea but were subjected to stress or demographic selection. In this study, we describe the differentiation in these population for six phenotypes: (1) larval feeding rates, (2) larval viability in urea‐laced food, (3) larval development time in urea‐laced food, (4) adult starvation times, (5) adult desiccation times, and (6) larval growth rates. No significant differences were observed for desiccation resistance. The demographically/stress‐selected populations had longer times to starvation than urea‐selected populations. The urea‐adapted populations showed elevated survival and reduced development time in urea‐laced food relative to the control and nonadapted populations. The urea‐adapted populations also showed reduced larval feeding rates relative to controls. We show that there is a strong linear relationship between feeding rates and growth rates at the same larval ages feeding rates were measured. This suggests that feeding rates are correlated with food intake and growth. This relationship between larval feeding rates, food consumption, and efficiency has been postulated to involve important trade‐offs that govern larval evolution in stressful environments. Our results support the idea that energy allocation is a central organizing theme in adaptive evolution.
Determinism of nonadditive litter mixture effect on decomposition: Role of the moisture content of litters
Authors: Gogo Sébastien , Leroy Fabien , Zocatelli Renata , Jacotot Adrien , Laggoun‐Défarge Fatima 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe mechanisms behind the plant litter mixture effect on decomposition are still difficult to disentangle. To tackle this issue, we used a model that specifically addresses the role of the litter moisture content. Our model predicts that when two litters interact in terms of water flow, the difference of evaporation rate between two litters can trigger a nonadditive mixture effect on decomposition. Water flows from the wettest to the driest litter, changing the reaction rates without changing the overall litter water content. The reaction rate of the litter receiving the water increases relatively more than the decrease in the reaction rate of the litter supplying the water, leading to a synergistic effect. Such water flow can keep the microbial biomass of both litter in a water content domain suitable to maintain decomposition activity. When applied to experimental data (SphagnumrubellumandMolinia caerulealitters), the model is able to assess whether any nonadditive effect originates from water content variation alone or whether other factors have to be taken into account.
Systematic review of major osteoporotic fracture to hip fracture incidence rate ratios worldwide: implications for Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX)-derived estimates
Authors: Chakhtoura Marlene , Dagher Hiba , Sharara Sima , Ajjour Sara , Chamoun Nariman , Cauley Jane , Mahfoud Ziyad , Boudreau Robert , El Hajj Fuleihan Ghada 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
The Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) is the most widely used tool for fracture prediction. It provides 10-year probabilities for hip and major osteoporotic fracture (MOF). It uses country-specific hip fracture incidence and life expectancy data, and for most countries, MOF/hip fracture incidence rate ratios (IRRs) from Malmo Sweden. However, the risk of MOF varies by age, sex, and geography. The objective is to compare the MOF/hip IRRs across countries, by sex and age. This systematic review targeted observational studies of MOF and hip fractures in individuals &gt;50 years (PROSPERO 2019 CRD42019129259). One reviewer screened potential articles. Two reviewers completed duplicate and independent data abstraction, and assessed study quality based on population representativeness, study design and duration, definition of ethnicity, and fracture characteristics. We calculated the MOF/hip IRRs (95% confidence interval) and Z-values to compare IRRs in various countries to those for Sweden. We included 27 studies, of fair to good quality in the majority, from Europe (15), US and Canada (7), Asia (3), and Australia (2). The IRRs were twofold to 10-fold higher in younger compared to older age categories, and in women compared to men, with few exceptions. Within Europe, and using Sweden as a reference, MOF/Hip IRRs in women 50–54 years from Finland, Italy, Netherlands, Denmark, and UK were significantly lower by 38% to 60%. Findings were similar in men. At older ages, MOF/Hip IRRs were consistently lower in women from European countries compared to Sweden, by 10%–40% and 11%–51%, at 75–79 years and 85–89 years, respectively. Findings were heterogenous in men and in non-European countries. In conclusion, the MOF/hip fracture IRR may vary between countries. The variability at older ages may affect FRAX prediction when country-specific fracture IRRs are not used. Further research is needed to elucidate the implication of our findings to FRAX-derived MOF estimates in various countries. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Factors associated between behavior of administrating or recommending mumps vaccine and primary care physicians’ knowledge about vaccination: A nationwide cross‐sectional study in Japan
Authors: Takeuchi Jiro , Sakanishi Yuta , Okada Tadao , Nakayama Kuniko , Chiba Hiroshi , Suganaga Rei , Nishioka Yosuke , Kishi Tomomi , Suzuki Tomio ,   Preventive Medicine, Health Promotion Committee Vaccine Team, Japan Primary Care Association, Japan
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn Japan, the mumps‐containing vaccine was withdrawn from routine vaccination in 1993, and it became a voluntary vaccination. This study aimed to evaluate the association between the physicians’ knowledge about vaccinations and the administration or recommendation of the mumps vaccine.MethodsWe conducted a nationwide cross‐sectional study targeting primary care physicians (PCPs) in Japan. We used a web‐based self‐administered questionnaire by Preventive Medicine and Health Promotion Committee Vaccine Team, the Japan Primary Care Association (JPCA), from March to June in 2019. The outcome of the study was the association between PCPs’ knowledge about vaccine and the administration or recommendation of mumps vaccine. We obtained the information on background, subsidies of mumps vaccination for children from the local government, and vaccination quiz scores. We performed logistic regression analysis to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsAmong 10,470 PCPs in JPCA, 5075 were excluded. We received responses from 1084 PCPs (20.1%) and enrolled 981 participants in the analysis. PCPs with a higher score on the vaccination quizzes were significantly more likely to administrate the mumps vaccine for adults (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.93, 95% CI 1.45–2.59, p < 0.001) and recommend mumps vaccine to adults than PCPs with a lower score (AOR 1.78, 95% CI 1.33–2.40, p < 0.001).ConclusionsWe revealed an association between the administration or recommendation of mumps vaccine and PCPs’ better vaccination knowledge.
Down‐regulation of circITCH promotes osteosarcoma development and resistance to doxorubicin via the miR‐524/RASSF6 axis
Authors: Zhou Wei , Liu Yuan , Wu Xuejian 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundOsteosarcoma (OS) is a malignant bone cancer, in which circular RNAs (circRNAs) act as important modulators. The present study aimed to explore the functional role of circRNA itchy E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (circITCH) in the development and doxorubicin (DXR) resistance of OS and the possible mechanistic pathway.MethodsA quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction or western blot assays were exploited to analyze the expression of circITCH, miR‐524 and Ras association domain family member 6 (RASSF6). Cell viability and half‐maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of DXR were monitored using a cell counting kit‐8 assay. Cell migration, invasion and apoptosis were determined via a transwell assay and flow cytometry. The target interaction among circITCH, miR‐524 and RASSF6 was validated by dual‐luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation assays. A xenograft model of MG‐63/DXR cells stably expressing circITCH in nude mice was established for assessing the role of circITCH in vivo.ResultsDown‐regulation of circITCH and RASSF6, as well as the up‐regulation of miR‐524, was revealed in OS by investigating 40 paired OS tissue and normal tissue samples. Overexpression of circITCH lowered the cell viability, IC50 value of DXR, migration and invasion, whereas it facilitated apoptosis of OS cells. circITCH sponged miR‐524 to up‐regulate RASSF6, causing OS progression inhibition and DXR resistance reduction. Additionally, circITCH up‐regulation reduced tumor growth in vivo.ConclusionsTransduction with circITCH represses OS progression and promotes DXR sensitivity by the miR‐524/RASSF6 axis, providing a new perspective for therapeutic intervention.
Diverse Right Ventricular Remodeling Evaluated by MRI and Prognosis in Eisenmenger Syndrome With Different Shunt Locations
Authors: Gong Chao , He Shuai , Chen Xiaoling , Wang Lili , Guo Jiajuan , He Juan , Yin Lidan , Chen Chen , Han Yuchi , Chen Yucheng 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundCongenital shunt location is related to Eisenmenger syndrome (ES) survival. Moreover, right ventricular (RV) remodeling is associated with poor survival in pulmonary hypertension.PurposeTo investigate RV remodeling using comprehensive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques and identify its relationship with prognosis in ES subgroups classified by shunt location.Study TypeProspective observational study.PopulationFifty‐four adults with ES (16 with pre‐tricuspid shunt and 38 with post‐tricuspid shunt).Field Strength/Sequence3.0 T/cine MRI with balanced steady‐state free precession sequence, late gadolinium enhancement with inversion recovery segmented gradient echo sequence and phase‐sensitive reconstruction, and T1 mapping with modified Look‐Locker inversion recovery sequence.AssessmentDemographics, clinical characteristics, hemodynamics, RV remodeling features (morphology, systolic function, RV–pulmonary artery (PA) coupling and myocardial fibrosis), and prognosis were compared between ES subgroups. The adverse endpoint was all‐cause mortality or readmission for heart failure.Statistical TestsThe independent samples t‐test, Fisher's exact test or Chi‐squared test, and the Kaplan–Meier method were used. P < 0.05 was considered significant.ResultsCompared to patients with post‐tricuspid shunt, patients with pre‐tricuspid shunt were significantly older and had higher N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide concentrations and poorer exercise tolerance. Pre‐tricuspid shunt showed significantly larger RV dimensions (end‐diastolic volume index: 185.81 ± 37.49 vs. 98.20 ± 36.26 mL/m2), worse RV ejection fraction (23.54% ± 12.35% vs. 40.82% ± 10.77%), and RV–PA decoupling (0.35 ± 0.31 vs. 0.72 ± 0.29). Biventricular myocardial fibrosis was significantly more severe in pre‐tricuspid shunt than post‐tricuspid shunt (extracellular volume, left ventricle: 35.85% ± 2.58% vs. 29.10% ± 5.20%; RV free wall: 30.93% ± 5.65% vs. 26.75% ± 5.15%). In addition, pre‐tricuspid shunt demonstrated a significantly increased risk of adverse endpoint (hazard ratio: 2.938, 95% confidence interval: 1.204–7.172).Data ConclusionES with pre‐tricuspid shunt might be a unique subtype with worse clinically decompensated RV remodeling and poor prognosis.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy Stage: 5
Factors affecting signal quality in implantable cardiac monitors with long sensing vector
Authors: Forleo Giovanni B. , Amellone Claudia , Sacchi Riccardo , Lombardi Leonida , Lucciola Maria Teresa , Scotti Valentina , Viecca Maurizio , Schiavone Marco , Giacopelli Daniele , Giammaria Massimo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPurposeElectrical artefacts are frequent in implantable cardiac monitors (ICMs). We analyzed the subcutaneous electrogram (sECG) provided by an ICM with a long sensing vector and factors potentially affecting its quality.MethodsConsecutive ICM recipients underwent a follow‐up where demographics, body mass index (BMI), implant location, and surface ECG were collected. The sECG was then analyzed in terms of R‐wave amplitude and P‐wave visibility.ResultsA total of 84 patients (43% female, median age 68 [58‐76] years) were enrolled at 3 sites. ICMs were positioned with intermediate inclination (n = 44, 52%), parallel (n = 35, 43%), or perpendicular (n = 5, 6%) to the sternum. The median R‐wave amplitude was 1.10 (0.72‐1.48) mV with P waves readily visible in 69.2% (95% confidence interval, CI: 57.8%‐79.2%), partially visible in 23.1% [95% CI: 14.3%‐34.0%], and never visible in 7.7% [95% CI: 2.9%‐16.0%] of patients. Men had higher R‐wave amplitudes compared to women (1.40 [0.96‐1.80] mV vs 1.00 [0.60‐1.20] mV, P = .001), while obese people tended to have lower values (0.80 [0.62‐1.28] mV vs 1.10 [0.90‐1.50] mV, P = .074). The P‐wave visibility reached 86.2% [95% CI: 68.3%‐96.1%] in patients with high‐voltage P waves (≥0.2 mV) at surface ECG. The sECG quality was not affected by implant site.ConclusionIn ordinary clinical practice, ICMs with long sensing vector provided median R‐wave amplitude above 1 mV and reliable P‐wave visibility of nearly 70%, regardless of the position of the device. Women and obese patients showed lower but still very good signal quality.
Carbonate fluxes by coccolithophore species between NW Africa and the Caribbean: Implications for the biological carbon pump
Authors: Guerreiro Catarina V. , Baumann Karl‐Heinz , Brummer Geert‐Jan A. , Valente André , Fischer Gerhard , Ziveri Patrizia , Brotas Vanda , Stuut Jan‐Berend W. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCoccolithophores are among the most important calcifying pelagic organisms. To assess how coccolithophore species with different coccolith‐carbonate mass and distinct ecological resilience to ocean warming will influence the “rain ratio” and the “biological carbon pump”, 1 yr of species‐specific coccolith‐carbonate export fluxes were quantified using sediment traps moored at four sites between NW Africa and the Caribbean (i.e., CB‐20°N/21°W, at 1214 m; M1‐12°N/23°W, at 1150 m; M2‐14°N/37°W, at 1235 m; M4‐12°N/49°W, at 1130 m). Highest coccolith‐CaCO3 fluxes at the westernmost site M4, where the nutricline is deepest along the tropical North Atlantic, were dominated by deep‐dwelling small‐sized coccolith species Florisphaera profunda and Gladiolithus flabellatus. Total coccolith‐CaCO3 fluxes of 371 mg m−2 yr−1 at M4 were followed by 165 mg m−2 yr−1 at the north‐easternmost CB, 130 mg m−2 yr−1 at M1, and 114 mg m−2 yr−1 at M2 in between. Coccoliths accounted for nearly half of the total carbonate flux at M4 (45%), much higher compared to 23% at M2 and 15% at M1 and CB. At site M4, highest ratios of coccolith‐CaCO3 to particulate organic carbon fluxes and weak correlations between the carbonate of deep‐dwelling species and particulate organic carbon suggest that increasing productivity in the lower photic zone in response to ocean warming might enhance the rain ratio and reduce the coccolith‐ballasting efficiency. The resulting weakened biological carbon pump could, however, be counterbalanced by increasing frequency of Saharan dust outbreaks across the tropical Atlantic, providing mineral ballast as well as nutrients to fuel fast‐blooming and ballast‐efficient coccolithophore species.
Improving lifestyle obesity treatment during the COVID‐19 pandemic and beyond: New challenges for weight management
Authors: Caldwell Ann E. , Thomas Elizabeth A. , Rynders Corey , Holliman Brooke Dorsey , Perreira Cathryn , Ostendorf Danielle M. , Catenacci Victoria A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe COVID‐19 pandemic has resulted in significant changes to daily life and many health‐related behaviors. The objective of this study was to examine how the stay‐at‐home/safer‐at‐home mandates issued in Colorado (March 2020–May 2020) impacted lifestyle behaviors and mental health among individuals with overweight or obesity participating in two separate behavioral weight loss trials (n = 82).MethodsQuestionnaires were used to collect qualitative and quantitative data on challenges to weight loss presented by the COVID‐19 pandemic, including changes in dietary intake, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and mental health during the stay‐at‐home/safer‐at‐home mandates.ResultsUsing a convergent mixed method approach integrating qualitative and quantitative data, the greatest challenge experienced by participants was increased stress and anxiety, which led to more unhealthy behaviors. The majority perceived it to be harder to adhere to the prescribed diet (81%) and recommended physical activity (68%); however, self‐reported exercise on weekdays increased significantly and 92% of participants lost weight or maintained weight within ±1% 5–6 weeks following the stay‐at‐home mandate.ConclusionStudy results suggest that obesity treatment programs should consider and attempt to address the burden of stress and anxiety stemming from the COVID‐19 pandemic and other sources due to the negative effects they can have on weight management and associated behaviors.
Human adipose tissue gene expression of solute carrier family 19 member 3 (SLC19A3); relation to obesity and weight‐loss
Authors: Pereira Maria J. , Andersson‐Assarsson Johanna C. , Jacobson Peter , Kamble Prasad , Taube Magdalena , Sjöholm Kajsa , Carlsson Lena M. S. , Svensson Per‐Arne 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveAdipose tissue is a specialized endocrine organ that is involved in modulating whole‐body energy homeostasis and expresses a specific subset of genes, which may play a role in adipose tissue metabolism. The aim of this study was to search for novel adipose tissue‐specific genes using a tissue panel of RNAseq expression profiles.MethodsRNAseq expression profiles from 53 human tissues were downloaded from the GTex database. SLC19A3 expression was analyzed by microarray or real‐time PCR in two sets of paired subcutaneous and omental adipose tissue samples, in two studies with adipose tissue from persons with high or low body mass index (BMI), in adipose tissue from patients who underwent weight loss with a very‐low caloric diet and during preadipocyte‐adipocyte differentiation.ResultsThe RNAseq‐based tissue distribution expression screen identified SLC19A3 (encoding the thiamine transporter 2) as adipose tissue‐specific. SLC19A3 expression was higher in subcutaneous compared with omental adipose tissue in both sample sets (p = 0.043 and p < 0.001). Preadipocyte differentiation towards adipocytes resulted in increased SLC19A3 gene expression (p = 0.018 or less at all‐time points). Subcutaneous adipose tissue expression of SLC19A3 was lower in persons with high BMI in both cohorts (p = 0.008, and p < 0.001) and increased during a weight‐loss intervention (p = 0.006).ConclusionThe specific adipose tissue expression pattern of SLC19A3, together with its regulation in obesity and during weight loss, indicate that it plays a key role in adipocyte metabolism.