bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Treated Effluent Discharge on Tree Growth and Water use in a Cypress Swamp
Authors: Schexnayder Devin , Wolfe Brett T. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
When municipal effluent is discharged into swamps, baldcypress trees (Taxodium distichum) generally respond with increased growth. This growth increase may be associated with increased transpiration (E), but if functional traits are also affected, they may modulate the response of E to environmental conditions such as atmospheric vapor pressure deficit (VPD). We measured tree growth and sap flux to assess water-use traits and daily E in mature baldcypress trees that received effluent discharge and compared them to nearby trees that did not receive effluent. Basal area increment and foliar N:P were higher in trees that received effluent. For any given tree size, E was 5.8 L day−1 higher in trees receiving effluent. Sap-flux-based whole-tree canopy conductance at the reference VPD of 1 kPa and its sensitivity to VPD were both positively related to foliar N:P, suggesting that effluent discharge shifted trees to higher water use when VPD was relatively low, but that water use was more sensitive to VPD. Our results suggest that when effluent discharge increases forested wetland productivity it can also increase E, but these effects may be diminished by high VPD.
Automatic safety model synthesis for aircraft conceptual design
Authors: Gradel Simon , Stumpf Eike 
Published: December 2024

AbstractUnconventional aircraft systems using novel technologies can be an important contribution to reduce aviation’s impact on climate. To assess different architectures in conceptual design studies, system safety becomes an important issue. Model-based safety assessment (MBSA) has the capability to reduce the workload for analyzing safety, but still safety model construction remains difficult and time-consuming. Reducing this effort is therefore crucial for the application of MBSA in conceptual aircraft design. A novel approach for the synthesis of simple safety models from a limited set of predefined safety model elements is presented, reducing workload for safety model generation. The method is integrated within the safety analysis tool of the systems modeling framework SystemXF and it uses AltaRica 3.0 as safety modeling language. An example application to the Wheel Brake System from ARP 4761 is presented. The example shows that very different components can correctly be modeled with the presented methodology. The chosen example is even more detailed than typically required for conceptual aircraft design studies. The approach is therefore a step towards a broader application of Model-based safety assessment in conceptual design studies by users who not necessarily are safety experts.
Prevalence and incidence of prediabetes in Latin America. A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Vera-Ponce Víctor Juan , Loayza-Castro Joan A. , Zuzunaga-Montoya Fiorella E. , Sanchez-Tamay Nataly Mayely , Bustamante-Rodríguez Juan Carlos , Valladolid-Sandoval Lupita Ana Maria , Vásquez-Romero Luisa Erika Milagros , Gutiérrez de Carrillo Carmen Inés 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Prediabetes represents a significant public health challenge in Latin America. Its prevalence varies considerably depending on the diagnostic criteria used, which hinders a precise understanding of its magnitude in the region.

Objective
To estimate the prevalence and incidence of prediabetes in Latin America through a systematic review (SR).

Methods
A SR and meta-analysis was conducted searching through October 25, 2024 in SCOPUS, EMBASE, Web of Science, and PubMed. Studies were included if they: (1) used probabilistic sampling methods, (2) included adult participants (≥ 18 years), (3) assessed prediabetes using WHO criteria, fasting glucose, postprandial glucose, or HbA1c, and (4) were published in English, Spanish, or Portuguese. Studies using non-probabilistic sampling, focusing on specific medical conditions, or lacking sufficient data to calculate prevalence or incidence were excluded. Random-effect models were used to estimate pooled prevalence, with heterogeneity assessed using I² statistics and publication bias through funnel plots.

Results
Twenty-five studies from 9 countries published between 1992 and 2023 were analyzed. The pooled prevalence of prediabetes was 24% (95% CI: 18–30%). According to specific criteria, the prevalences were: WHO 11% (95% CI: 5–18%), FG 18% (95% CI: 10–27%), PPG 20% (95% CI: 3–46%), and HbA1c 32% (95% CI: 21–52%). High heterogeneity was observed among studies (I² = 99–100%, p < 0.001). Only one study analyzed the incidence, which was 12.8%.

Conclusions
Prediabetes prevalence in Latin America is high, with significant variations by diagnostic criteria. The limited number of incidence studies and high heterogeneity highlight the need for standardized approaches in future research. Implementation of preventive strategies and strengthening of epidemiological surveillance systems are crucial for addressing this public health challenge.
The Broken Mirror Principle of quantum mechanics: the case of quantum hydrodynamics
Authors: Shushi Tomer 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe propose the Broken Mirror Principle of quantum mechanics, stating that the different interpretations of quantum mechanics can be exploited to detect quantum effects that are independent of the given interpretation. We illustrate it by focusing on the hydrodynamical formulation of quantum mechanics, which describes quantum particles as fluids, with a focus on simple quantum systems containing non-relativistic single or a pair of quantum particles. Using quantum hydrodynamics, we show how quantum particles can be described as classical fluids for a suitable shape of their wavefunction, how a suitable shape can obtain an effective mass for the particle, and how a suitable shape of the wavefunction of coupled particles generates a classical flow velocity of decoupled particles.
Effects of static stretching and specific warm-up on the repetition performance in upper- and lower-limb exercises in resistance-trained older women
Authors: Lisboa Felipe , Kassiano Witalo , Stavinski Natã , Costa Bruna , Kunevaliki Gabriel , Francsuel Jarlisson , Tricoli Ian , Prado Aline , Cyrino Leticia T. , A. S. Carneiro Marcelo , Lima Luis , Castro-e-Souza Pâmela , Cavalcante Edilaine F. , Achour Abdallah , Cyrino Edilson S. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Preparation methods are often used to improve performance (e.g., number of repetitions) within the resistance training session. However, there is still no consensus in the scientific literature on whether there is a superior preparation method for improving performance, particularly in older adults.

Methods
We compared the effects of preparation by specific warm-up (SW), static stretching (SS), and control condition (CC) on the total number of repetitions in four exercises: leg extension, triceps pushdown, seated leg curl, and preacher curl. Fifty-seven older women (≥ 60 years) performed the experimental protocols (SW and SS) and the CC in a cross-over and counterbalanced design. Following the preparation protocol, the main exercises were performed in two sets until volitional concentric failure, with a two-minute rest interval between sets and 2–3 min between exercises. The main outcome was the total number of repetitions.

Results
The SS improved performance compared to the SW and the CC in the leg extension and seated leg curl resistance exercises. In contrast, the SW impaired performance compared to the SS and CC in the triceps pushdown and preacher curl exercises.

Conclusion
Our results suggest that SS may improve performance in lower-limb exercises, while the SW appears to negatively affect performance in upper-limb exercises in resistance-trained older women.
Impacts of osteosarcopenia on musculoskeletal health, risks of falls and fractures, and activities of daily living among population aged 50 and above: an age- and sex-matched cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Nguyen Bao Tu Thai , Lin Ashleigh Peng , Yang Wan-Wan , Cheng Shun-Jen , Kuo Yi-Jie , Nguyen Tan Thanh , Chen Yu-Pin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Aims
We conducted this study to investigate the impact of muscle loss on musculoskeletal health, fall and fracture risks, and activities of daily living (ADL) in elderly patients with osteoporosis.

Materials and methods
This age- and sex-matched cross-sectional study analyzed data from a medical center involving patients aged ≥ 50 from 2020 to 2022. The included participants were formed into three groups: 100 with osteoporosis only, 100 with osteosarcopenia, and 50 control individuals without osteoporosis and sarcopenia. We compared groups based on their baseline characteristics, bone and muscle health measurements, and the risks of falls and fractures using the STRATIFY scale and FRAX, respectively. Additionally, ADL was assessed using the Barthel Index. A multivariate analysis was performed to identify factors associated with declined ADL in osteosarcopenic patients.

Results
The mean age was 76.17 years, and 82% were female. The osteosarcopenic group demonstrated poorer bone and muscle quality and quantity, with greater risks of major osteoporotic-related fractures, hip fractures, and falls, as well as significantly decreased ADL than other groups. When comparing sexes, females exhibited worse performance than males across groups. Slow gait speed and high STRATIFY score are independent predictors of declined ADL in osteosarcopenic patients.

Conclusion
Sarcopenia exacerbates osteoporotic patients, particularly women, worsening bone deterioration, increasing fall and fracture risks, and significantly impairing daily activities. Enhancing walking speed and reducing fall risk can boost independence in individuals with osteosarcopenia. Early detection, proper management, and preventive measures are essential for mitigating these adverse outcomes in high-risk individuals.
Plasma biomarkers in patients with age-related sarcopenia: a proteomic exploration and experimental validation
Authors: Lin Qinqing , Li Kangyong , Li Liwei , Guan Lichang , Zeng Yingtong , Cai Dake , Zhou Jing , Xu Lishu 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Various biomarkers associated with sarcopenia have been identified. However, there is a scarcity of studies exploring and validating biomarkers in individuals with age-related sarcopenia.

Aims
This study aimed to investigate the proteome and identify potential biomarkers for age-related sarcopenia.

Methods
Proteomic analysis and experimental validation were conducted using plasma from hospitalized older adults. Sarcopenia diagnosis was based on the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 criteria. Data-independent acquisition-based proteomics was performed on plasma from 60 participants, with 30 diagnosed with sarcopenia and 30 without sarcopenia. Differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were selected and evaluated by Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis. Biomarker candidates were further quantitatively validated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) utilizing plasma from 6 participants with sarcopenia and 6 without sarcopenia.

Results
A total of 39 DEPs were identified and 12 DEPs were selected for ROC analysis. 8 DEPs were included for ELISA validation based on their predictive performance. Paraoxonase-3 (PON3) consistently showed down-regulation in the sarcopenic group across both methodologies. Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-2 (IGFBP2) showed inconsistency in the sarcopenic group, with up-regulation observed in proteomic analysis but down-regulation in ELISA.

Discussion
Decline in PON3 may result in an overload of oxidative stress in skeletal muscles and contribute to sarcopenia. Protein modifications of IGFBP2 might exhibit during sarcopenia pathogenesis.

Conclusions
Plasma proteins are implicated in sarcopenia pathogenesis. PON3 is highlighted as a potential biomarker for patients with age-related sarcopenia. Further studies are imperative to gain an in-depth understanding of PON3 and IGFBP2.
Visualization of CuFeS2 Particle Ignition and Combustion Under Simulated Flash Smelting Conditions
Authors: Nishioka Nobuyasu , Kawasaki Mihiro , Takebe Hiromichi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Flash smelting involves complex reactions between copper sulfide ores, silica sand, impurities, and oxygen gas while dropping. In situ observations of particle oxidation (ignition and combustion) under simulated flash smelting conditions can promote an understanding of this phenomenon. However, previous studies were limited by technical difficulties. In this study, in situ observations, two-color temperature measurements, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDS), and thermodynamic equilibrium calculations were used to characterize the oxidation of CuFeS2 particles under simulated flash smelting conditions. CuFeS2 particles changed in four phases in oxidation within 300 ms. The first process was ignition (≈ 25 ms) with an average temperature of 2100 °C. This was triggered by fine particles (several μm in diameter) on coarse particles (approximately 50 μm in diameter) and formed sphere particles consisting of two phases (sulfide and oxysulfide, Phase I) or three phases (sulfide, oxysulfide, and iron oxide, Phase II). The second process was combustion (< 300 ms) with an average temperature of 1900‒2000 °C. In addition to the spherical particles, particles surrounded by a flame consisting of two phases (oxysulfide crust and oxide core, Phase III) were observed during combustion. The flame may be generated by the continuous sulfur vapor emitted from the oxysulfide crust, which vanishes after the consumption of the sulfur vapor. Finally, oxide particles (Phase IV), similar to those in the thermodynamic equilibrium phase, were formed.

Graphical Abstract
Robustness Assessment in the Optimization of Low-Pressure Die Casting Subject to Variations in Secondary Alloy Composition
Authors: Vergnano Alberto , Rezvanpour Hamed , Spessotto Marvin , Leali Francesco 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPorosity is a significant factor affecting the final mechanical properties in aluminum casting. Therefore, minimizing porosity by optimizing the casting parameters is of great importance. However, during normal production, some variability must be considered for these parameters, especially when using secondary alloys. Variations in alloy composition can greatly influence the solidification process, microstructure, and the product’s mechanical properties. Accordingly, achieving a robust design that accounts for secondary alloy composition variations is crucial to ensure the consistent quality and performance of the cast parts. This research uses a car wheel as a case study for a low-pressure die casting process. An optimization process is then conducted using a genetic algorithm (GA) to refine casting parameters such as heat transfer coefficient (HTC) and initial pouring temperature. Finally, the results are analyzed using the signal-to-noise ratio and the Taguchi quality loss function method to measure the robustness of the design sets. These results indicated that by conducting an optimization process and introducing noise factors as parameters, a robust design that withstand alloy variations can be achieved, and a design of simulation experiment can be established.
Prefix tuning with prompt augmentation for efficient financial news summarization
Authors: Mou Shangyang , Xue Qiang , Chen Xunquan , Chen Jinhui , Takashima Ryoichi , Takiguchi Tetsuya , Ariki Yasuo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In financial markets, the sentiment expressed in news articles plays a pivotal role in interpreting and forecasting market trends, which also holds true for the task of financial news summarization (FNS). Leveraging AI models to analyze social science data, this paper employs financial sentiment to improve FNS effectiveness by introducing a novel method that combines the sentiment polarity extracted from financial news with prompt augmentation techniques to ensure that the generated summaries are emotionally consistent with the source articles. Specifically, the detected sentiments are embedded into prompts and provide directive instructions to the model to generate summaries. Furthermore, to address the problem of limited large-scale datasets for FNS and ensure more tailored results, we employed prefix tuning as a fine-tuning strategy. Preliminary results indicate that our combined methodology outperforms approaches that use only prefix tuning. The experimental findings further validate the significance of sentiment analysis in FNS, which enhances the accuracy of capturing and reflecting market sentiment, thereby yielding valuable insights into financial markets. This method not only improves the accuracy and relevance of summaries but also ensures that their content is emotionally consistent with the source news, offering a new perspective on financial news summarization.
Distributed strategies for pursuit-evasion of high-order integrators
Authors: Zhou Panpan , Xu Yueyue , Wahlberg Bo , Hu Xiaoming 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis paper presents decentralized solutions for pursuit-evasion problems involving high-order integrators with intracoalition cooperation and intercoalition confrontation. Distinct error variables and hyper-variables are introduced to ensure the control strategies to be independent of the relative velocities, accelerations and higher order information of neighbors. Consequently, our approach only requires agents to exchange position information or to measure the relative positions of the neighbors. The distributed strategies take into consideration the goals of intracoalition cooperation or intercoalition confrontation of the players. Furthermore, after establishing a sufficient and necessary condition for a class of high-order integrators, we present conditions for capture and formation control with exponential convergence for three scenarios: one-pursuer-one-evader, multiple-pursuer-one-evader, and multiple-pursuer-multiple-evader. It is shown that the conditions depend on the structure of the communication graph, the weights in the control law, and the expected formation configuration. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated through simulation results.
A biodiesel power plant, location, production and electricity demand of Jazan Municipalities, Saudi Arabia using GIS
Authors: Abdelgiom Mahmoud Abdelrahim , Hassan Mohamed , Ali Salih Eltahir Elmarud 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study aims to determine the optimal location for a biodiesel power plant in the municipality of Jazan based on selection criteria by estimating energy consumption and using spatial analysis within the framework of GIS and Structured Query Language (SQL). Additionally, the study will calculate how much electricity each town needs. After Vision 2030, the user can combine the information from remote sensing (RS) and GIS mapping with electricity demand estimation to determine an appropriate location and evaluate the power plant's efficiency. A range of sources, including the Jazan city base map, satellite images, aerial photographs, landuse map, and demographic data, were used to collect descriptive and geographic data as part of the paper's methodology. This data was first entered into the digital model using the ArcGIS 10.4 program, and it was subsequently categorized according to the model's accuracy. Additionally, the data underwent a number of procedures, including scanning printed maps, georeferencing, and on-screen digitizing, to complete the logical design of the digital model. Additionally, the model was spatially assessed in compliance with the requirements for selecting the optimal location for the biodiesel power plant. The criteria and analysis were arranged using Structured Query Language (SQL) and spatial analysis, which determined the best location for a biodiesel power plant station with the greatest ability to model population increase. Mathematical model equations were used to estimate population size, growth rate, and electrical demands (Brauer and Castillo-Chavez in Mathematical models in population biology and epidemiology: Texts in Applied Mathematics, Springer-Verlag, New York USA., 2012). With a total electricity production capacity of 250,167,600 Kilowatt-hour (KWh), the study and investigation efforts concluded that the optimal site for the biodiesel power plant would be in the Dammed municipality. This study is interesting since it is the first to use GIS to determine the ideal location for a power plant station and produce electricity from biodiesel in Jazan Municipalities, KSA.
Expression and correlation of Surfeit 4 gene in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Liu Jun-xing , Lu Ting , Xia Yin , Yang Jun , Jiang Ying-feng , Zhao Yan , Yu Hong 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Backgroud
In the previous era of functional genomics, it was widely believed that the expression levels of housekeeping genes (HKGs) remained relatively constant and were unaffected by variations in tissue type, cell development stage, cell cycle state, as well as internal and external cellular environments. With the improvement of gene microarray technology and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) technology for expression analysis of high-throughput differential genes, changes in the expression levels of HKGs have been found in certain human cancers. The present study aimed to experimentally validate the expression of Surfeit 4 gene (SURF4), a member of HKGs, in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).

Methods
The experimental techniques employed in this study encompassed real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), Western blot (WB), and immunohistochemistry (IHC) to assess the mRNA and protein expression of SURF4 in ESCC, and their clinicopathological significance was statistically analyzed.

Results
All three tests showed significant differences between the three groups (Kruskal–Wallis test, P < 0.05). The results of the three methods indicated a significantly higher expression of SURF4 in the tumor group compared to both the adjacent paracancerous tissue group and the normal esophageal mucosal tissue group distant from the tumor. There was no significant difference between the latter two groups. Chi-square and Rank-sum test revealed the expression of SURF4 was significant statistical correlation with tumor cell differentiation, tumor progression and Ki-67 index, as well as the survival prognosis of patients (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
The expression of SURF4 was up-regulated in ESCC and was associated with differentiation, proliferation, progression, and clinical prognosis of ESCC. This portended epigenetically that SURF4 may play a role in tumor progression in ESCC and could potentially serve as a novel therapeutic target.