bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and test of a Lunar Excavation and Size Separation System (LES3) for the LUVMI‐X rover platform
Authors: Just Gunter H. , Roy Matthew J. , Joy Katherine H. , Hutchings Gregory C. , Smith Katharine L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFuture sustained human presence on the Moon will require us to make use of lunar resources. This in‐situ resource utilisation (ISRU) process will require suitable feedstock (i.e., lunar regolith) that has been both acquired and prepared (or beneficiated) to set standards. Acquisition of pre‐processed regolith, is an often overlooked engineering challenge in the demanding and low‐gravity environment of the lunar surface. Currently, regolith excavation and size separation are often developed independently of each other. Here, we present the Lunar Excavation and Size Separation System (LES3), which is an engineered one‐system solution to combine the acquisition of lunar regolith as well as separate it into two distinct size fractions, and therefore, can assist to define the quality of the feedstock material for ISRU processes. Intended for use with a lightweight (40–60 kg) lunar rover (LUnar Volatiles Mobile Instrumentation‐X; LUVMI‐X) currently under development, the mechanism utilises vibrations to reduce excavation forces and facilitate size separation. Low excavation forces are crucial for lunar excavators to be deployable on lightweight robotic platforms as limited traction forces are available. The rationale behind the mechanism is explained, its capabilities in the support of science and ISRU are showcased, and results from several laboratory test campaigns, including tests of gravitational dry sieving of different regolith simulants, are presented. The LES3 can excavate up to 100 g in a single charge while maintaining excavation forces of less than 8 N and having a mass of less than 2 kg. Finally, areas of improvement for a second iteration of the design are presented and explained. The LES3 proof of concept shows that combining of regolith excavation and size‐separation in a single mechanism is feasible.
Reduced‐complexity model of stream temperature
Authors: Miller Robert L. , Young Tyler J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this article, a process‐based model of time‐varying stream temperatures is developed. The integrated compartment‐based model balances a need to account for the major physical components of the heat balance at specific sites while maintaining computational efficiency. The ability of the model to simulate instantaneous temperatures is demonstrated at six study locations in the sub‐tropical, low‐gradient region of Southern Louisiana, USA. The model yielded Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) scores of 0.9 and above and an average root mean squared error (RMSE) of 1.07°C for hourly water temperature over a six‐month period. The parameter sensitivity analysis demonstrates the variable significance of vaporization and bed sediment conduction across the different study locations. The results show that the sediment heat exchange may have a significant seasonal effect on the energy budgets of streams where flows are a large component of the heat balance in temperate climates. The model is well‐suited to serve as a simple physically based thermal impact assessment tool for streams and potentially many other types of waterbodies as well. The model also complements the widely used meteorological‐ and statistical‐based methodologies applied in the development of tributary and headwater temperature boundary conditions for large‐scale river temperature studies.
Efficient importance sampling imputation algorithms for quantile and composite quantile regression
Authors: Cheng Hao 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNowadays, missing data in regression model is one of the most well‐known topics. In this paper, we propose a class of efficient importance sampling imputation algorithms (EIS) for quantile and composite quantile regression with missing covariates. They are an EIS in quantile regression (EISQ) and its three extensions in composite quantile regression (EISCQ). Our EISQ uses an interior point (IP) approach, while EISCQ algorithms use IP and other two well‐known approaches: Majorize‐minimization (MM) and coordinate descent (CD). The aims of our proposed EIS algorithms are to decrease estimated variances and relieve computational burden at the same time, which improves the performances of coefficients estimators in both estimated and computational efficiencies. To compare our EIS algorithms with other existing competitors including complete cases analysis and multiple imputation, the paper carries out a series of simulation studies with different sample sizes and different levels of missing rates under different missing mechanism models. Finally, we apply all the algorithms to part of the examination data in National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
Hierarchical Structure of CuO Nanowires Decorated with Ni(OH)2 Supported on Cu Foam for Hydrogen Production via Urea Electrocatalysis
Authors: Sun Hainan , Liu Jiapeng , Chen Gao , Kim Hyunseung , Kim Sangwoo , Hu Zhiwei , Chen Jin‐Ming , Haw Shu‐Chih , Ciucci Francesco , Jung WooChul 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOwing to the low theoretical potential of the urea oxidation reaction (UOR), urea electrolysis is an energy‐saving technique for the generation of hydrogen. Herein, a hierarchical structure of CuO nanowires decorated with nickel hydroxide supported on 3D Cu foam is constructed. Combined theoretical and experimental analyses demonstrate the high reactivity and selectivity of CuO and Ni(OH)2 toward the UOR instead of the oxygen evolution reaction. The hierarchical structure creates a synergistic effect between the two highly active sites, enabling an exceptional UOR activity with a record low potential of 1.334 V (vs the reversible hydrogen electrode) to reach 100 mA cm−2 and a low Tafel slope of 14 mV dec−1 in 1 m KOH and 0.5 m urea electrolyte. Assembling full urea electrolysis driven by this developed UOR electrocatalyst as the anode and a commercial Pt/C electrocatalyst as the cathode provides a current density of 20 mA cm−2 at a cell voltage of ≈1.36 V with promising operational stability for at least 150 h. This work not only enriches the UOR material family but also significantly advances energy‐saving hydrogen production.
Medicaid expansion and adolescents' readiness for transition to adult health insurance
Authors: Vasquez‐Rios Virginia , Buckman Cierra , Cortright Lindsay , Tumin Dmitry , Leonard Sarah , Holder David 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn participating states, Medicaid expansion under the Affordable Care Act (ACA) increased availability of health insurance to low‐income young adults. We examined the impact of Medicaid expansion on low‐income families' knowledge of how adolescents ages 12‐17 would obtain insurance coverage upon transitioning to adulthood, compared to families in states that did not expand Medicaid. Based on 2016‐2019 data from the National Survey of Children's Health, caregivers in Medicaid‐expansion states were more likely to report knowing how their adolescents would have continued coverage, compared to caregivers in states that opted out of Medicaid expansion (odds ratio [OR]: 1.34; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06, 1.70; p = 0.016). The association was strongest for adolescents currently covered by public insurance (OR: 1.50; 95% CI: 1.10, 2.05; p = 0.011), indicating that expansion of public insurance eligibility among adults can help with planning the transition to adult health care for publicly‐insured adolescents.
Antisense oligonucleotide: A promising therapeutic option to beat COVID‐19
Authors: Quemener Anaïs M. , Galibert Marie‐Dominique 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 crisis and the development of the first approved mRNA vaccine have highlighted the power of RNA‐based therapeutic strategies for the development of new medicines. Aside from RNA‐vaccines, antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) represent a new and very promising class of RNA‐targeted therapy. Few drugs have already received approval from the Food and Drug Administration. Here, we underscored why and how ASOs hold the potential to change the therapeutic landscape to beat SARS‐CoV‐2 viral infections.This article is categorized under:
RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Small Molecule‐RNA Interactions
A pseudo-spectral Strang splitting method for linear dispersive problems with transparent boundary conditions
Authors: Einkemmer L. , Ostermann A. , Residori M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe present work proposes a second-order time splitting scheme for a linear dispersive equation with a variable advection coefficient subject to transparent boundary conditions. For its spatial discretization, a dual Petrov–Galerkin method is considered which gives spectral accuracy. The main difficulty in constructing a second-order splitting scheme in such a situation lies in the compatibility condition at the boundaries of the sub-problems. In particular, the presence of an inflow boundary condition in the advection part results in order reduction. To overcome this issue a modified Strang splitting scheme is introduced that retains second-order accuracy. For this numerical scheme a stability analysis is conducted. In addition, numerical results are shown to support the theoretical derivations.
Incidental findings on 3 T neuroimaging: cross-sectional observations from the population-based Rhineland Study
Authors: Lohner Valerie , Lu Ran , Enkirch Simon J. , Stöcker Tony , Hattingen Elke , Breteler Monique M. B. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Development of best practices for dealing with incidental findings on neuroimaging requires insight in their frequency and clinical relevance.

Methods
Here, we delineate prevalence estimates with 95% confidence intervals and clinical management of incidental findings, based on the first 3589 participants of the population-based Rhineland Study (age range 30–95 years) who underwent 3 Tesla structural neuroimaging (3D, 0.8 mm3 isotropic resolution). Two trained raters independently assessed all scans for abnormalities, with confirmation and adjudication where needed by neuroradiologists. Participants were referred for diagnostic work-up depending on the potential benefit.

Results
Of 3589 participants (mean age 55 ± 14 years, 2072 women), 867 had at least one possible incidental finding (24.2%). Most common were pituitary abnormalities (12.3%), arachnoid cysts (4.1%), developmental venous anomalies (2.5%), non-acute infarcts (1.8%), cavernomas (1.0%), and meningiomas (0.7%). Forty-six participants were informed about their findings, which was hitherto unknown in 40 of them (1.1%). Of these, in 19 participants (48%), a wait-and-see policy was applied and nine (23%) received treatment, while lesions in the remainder were benign, could not be confirmed, or the participant refused to inform us about their clinical diagnosis.

Conclusion
Nearly one-quarter of participants had an incidental finding, but only 5% of those required referral, that mostly remained without direct clinical consequences.
Extreme bill dimorphism leads to different but overlapping isotopic niches and similar trophic positions in sexes of the charismatic extinct huia
Authors: Tomotani Barbara M. , Salvador Rodrigo B. , Sabadel Amandine J. M. , Miskelly Colin M. , Brown Julie C. S. , Delgado Josette , Boussès Patrick , Cherel Yves , Waugh Susan M. , Bury Sarah J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe New Zealand huia (Heteralocha acutirostris) had the most extreme bill sexual dimorphism among modern birds. Given the quick extinction of the species, the cause of the dimorphism could only be hypothesised to reflect different trophic niches and reduce male/female competition. We tested that hypothesis by combining museum specimens, geometric morphometrics, and isotopic analyses. We used geometric morphometrics to describe bill shape; measured bulk (δ15Nbulk) and (δ13Cbulk) values from feather as proxies of the birds’ foraging habitat and diet; and compared compound-specific stable isotopes analyses (CSIA) of nitrogen in amino acids (δ15NAA) in male–female pairs to estimate their trophic position. Sexes had significantly different, but overlapping feather δ15Nbulk and δ13Cbulk values, but δ15NAA indicated identical trophic positions and δ15Nbulk was not related to bill shape. Trophic position was less variable among females, consistent with a specialised foraging behaviour and, thus, supporting a partial male/female foraging segregation.
Predicting Academic Staffs Behaviour Intention and Actual Use of Blended Learning in Higher Education: Model Development and Validation
Authors: Anthony Bokolo , Kamaludin Adzhar , Romli Awanis 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBlended Learning (BL) has been implemented by lecturers in higher educations for promoting effective pedagogical practices. However, intention to use and actual usage of BL by lecturers in higher education seems to be a major setback for successful BL implementation. Therefore, this study developed a model to examine the factors that influences lecturers’ behavioral intention and actual use of BL based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology and Technological, Pedagogical and Content Knowledge model. Accordingly, survey questionnaire was employed to collect data from 544 academic staffs across universities, colleges, and polytechnics. Results indicate that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and social influence significantly impact lecturers’ behavioral intention to use BL for teaching. Additionally, results confirm that facilitating condition positively influence actual BL usage. Likewise, technological, pedagogical, and content knowledge initiatives employed by lecturers in teaching positively influences actual BL usage. Results from multi-group analysis indicate that gender, age, experience, and voluntariness of use do not predict the behaviour of lecturers to use BL. Also, this study provides insights as to how higher education can enhance lecturers’ usage of BL to improve teaching effectiveness. This study provides a better understanding of lecturers’ views of knowledge in relation to course content, pedagogy, and technology use in improving teaching. The developed model can significantly be used by academic staffs to monitor and improve their current BL activities in measuring their knowledge about teaching regarding teaching improvement. Practically, lecturers can adopt the developed model to improve teaching pedagogies and course content.
On Bregman-Type Distances and Their Associated Projection Mappings
Authors: Martínez-Legaz Juan Enrique , Tamadoni Jahromi Maryam , Naraghirad Eskandar 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe investigate convergence properties of Bregman distances induced by convex representations of maximally monotone operators. We also introduce and study the projection mappings associated with such distances.
Management diversification increases habitat availability for multiple biodiversity indicator species in production forests
Authors: Duflot R. , Eyvindson K. , Mönkkönen M. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Context
Forest biodiversity is closely linked to habitat heterogeneity, while forestry actions often cause habitat homogenization. Alternative approaches to even-aged management were developed to restore habitat heterogeneity at the stand level, but how their application could promote habitat diversity at landscape scale remains uncertain.

Objectives
We tested the potential benefit of diversifying management regimes to increase landscape-level heterogeneity. We hypothesize that different styles of forest management would create a diverse mosaic of forest habitats that would in turn benefit species with various habitat requirements.

Methods
Forest stands were simulated under business-as-usual management, set-aside (no management) and 12 alternative management regimes. We created virtual landscapes following diversification scenarios to (i) compare the individual performance of management regimes (no diversification), and (ii) test for the management diversification hypothesis at different levels of set-aside. For each virtual landscape, we evaluated habitat availability of six biodiversity indicator species, multispecies habitat availability, and economic values of production.

Results
Each indicator species responded differently to management regimes, with no single regime being optimal for all species at the same time. Management diversification led to a 30% gain in multispecies habitat availability, relative to business-as-usual management. By selecting a subset of five alternative management regimes with high potential for biodiversity, gains can reach 50%.

Conclusions
Various alternative management regimes offer diverse habitats for different biodiversity indicator species. Management diversification can yield large gains in multispecies habitat availability with no or low economic cost, providing a potential cost-effective biodiversity tool if the management regimes are thoughtfully selected.
Serum-derived miR-574-5p-containing exosomes contribute to liver fibrosis by activating hepatic stellate cells
Authors: Zhou Xia , Liang Ziyu , Qin Shanyu , Ruan Xianxian , Jiang Haixing 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Aim
To investigate the association of serum exosomes miR-574-5p with liver fibrosis, and explore the effect and mechanism of serum exosomes on HSC activation.

Materials and methods
Using serum samples collected from healthy adults and patients with liver cirrhosis, we extracted human serum exosomes via ultra-high-speed centrifugation, and co-cultured them with hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) line LX2. LX-2-mediated intake of human serum exosomes was examined by confocal microscopy. To induce liver fibrosis, we administered 20% CCl4 to mice intraperitoneally and adopted an exoEasy MIDI kit to extract serum exosomes.Liver fibrosis-related molecules were determined via qRT-PCR, Western blot, Masson staining, and Immunohistochemical staining.

Results
Significantly high miR-574-5p levels were expressed in serum exosomes and were positively correlated with the expression of miR-574-5p, collagen deposition, and α-SMA expression in liver tissues of mice during liver fibrosis. Compared to healthy subjects, serum exosomes from cirrhosis patients were associated with higher expression of miR-574-5p. MiR-574-5p mimic promoted the expression of α-SMA and COL1A1 mRNA and protein in LX-2, whereas miR-574-5p inhibitor exerted no effect.

Conclusion
This article demonstrates that miR-574-5p expression in serum exosomes is positively correlated with collagen deposition and HSC activation in liver tissues during liver fibrosis.Serum exosomes potentially activate HSC through the transfer of miR-574-5p to HSC during liver fibrosis.
FL-MISR: fast large-scale multi-image super-resolution for computed tomography based on multi-GPU acceleration
Authors: Sun Kaicong , Tran Trung-Hieu , Guhathakurta Jajnabalkya , Simon Sven 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMulti-image super-resolution (MISR) usually outperforms single-image super-resolution (SISR) under a proper inter-image alignment by explicitly exploiting the inter-image correlation. However, the large computational demand encumbers the deployment of MISR in practice. In this work, we propose a distributed optimization framework based on data parallelism for fast large-scale MISR using multi-GPU acceleration named FL-MISR. The scaled conjugate gradient (SCG) algorithm is applied to the distributed subfunctions and the local SCG variables are communicated to synchronize the convergence rate over multi-GPU systems towards a consistent convergence. Furthermore, an inner-outer border exchange scheme is performed to obviate the border effect between neighboring GPUs. The proposed FL-MISR is applied to the computed tomography (CT) system by super-resolving the projections acquired by subpixel detector shift. The SR reconstruction is performed on the fly during the CT acquisition such that no additional computation time is introduced. FL-MISR is extensively evaluated from different aspects and experimental results demonstrate that FL-MISR effectively improves the spatial resolution of CT systems in modulation transfer function (MTF) and visual perception. Comparing to a multi-core CPU implementation, FL-MISR achieves a more than 50$$\times$$×speedup on an off-the-shelf 4-GPU system.
Can myocardial susceptibility quantification be an imaging biomarker for cardiac amyloidosis?
Authors: Hayashi Hidetaka , Oda Seitaro , Kidoh Masafumi , Nakaura Takeshi , Morita Kosuke , Nagayama Yasunori , Yoneda Tetsuya , Takashio Seiji , Misumi Yohei , Ueda Mitsuharu , Tsujita Kenichi , Hirai Toshinori 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate whether quantification of myocardial susceptibility by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) can be an imaging biomarker for cardiac amyloidosis (CA).

Materials and methods
Twenty-six patients with CA underwent CMR, including magnetic phase imaging with a 3.0-T magnetic resonance imaging scanner. Myocardial susceptibility was quantified as a phase shift slope value by magnetic phase analysis. Those values from patients with CA were compared with corresponding values from 18 controls and 15 healthy volunteers. A univariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify significant parameters related to CA.

Results
The phase shift slope, a quantitative parameter of myocardial susceptibility, was significantly lower in the CA group compared with the control group and compared with healthy volunteers (p < 0.01). From a total of 17 tested variables, 6 were considered to be significant predictors of CA (p ≤ 0.05) during the univariate analysis. The phase shift slope yielded the best AUC of 0.89 (95% CI = 0.79–0.98) for the prediction of CA (p < 0.01). The phase shift slope was significantly correlated with the end-diastolic thickness of the interventricular septum (r =  − 0.39, p < 0.01) and posterior wall of the left ventricle (r =  − 0.35, p = 0.02).

Conclusion
Myocardial susceptibility analysis by CMR helps in the diagnosis of patients with CA and can be a new quantitative imaging biomarker for CA.
Experimental investigation into the implications of transmission errors for rack-and-pinion drives
Authors: Steinle Lukas , Lechler Armin , Neubauer Michael , Verl Alexander 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRack-and-pinion drives are the preferred option in the machine tool sector when long ranges of motion and high loads are involved. However, their shortcomings particularly include deficiencies in the achievable positioning and path accuracy. The backlash as one of the main issues is well described in the literature and numerous solutions to reduce its negative effects exist. In contrast, there is a lack of literature regarding the scientific and systematic analysis of the transmission errors in rack-and-pinion drives. In this paper, the displacements originating in the drive train of a system with industrial components are measured under different operating conditions. The observed transmission errors are thoroughly analyzed in no-load operation and their sources are discussed. Subsequent investigations show significant load-dependent alterations of the transmission errors and direction-dependent characteristics, the causes of which are explained. It is shown, that transmission errors negatively affect the path accuracy of position controlled drives, which is amplified by excitation of the machine structure in certain operating conditions. To address this issue, different error compensation concepts are presented.