bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping and understanding the vulnerability of northern peatlands to permafrost thaw at scales relevant to community adaptation planning
Authors: Gibson C , Cottenie K , Gingras-Hill T , Kokelj S V , Baltzer J L , Chasmer L , Turetsky M R 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Developing spatially explicit permafrost datasets and climate assessments at scales relevant to northern communities is increasingly important as land users and decision makers incorporate changing permafrost conditions in community and adaptation planning. This need is particularly strong within the discontinuous permafrost zone of the Northwest Territories (NWT) Canada where permafrost peatlands are undergoing rapid thaw due to a warming climate. Current data products for predicting landscapes at risk of thaw are generally built at circumpolar scales and do not lend themselves well to fine-scale regional interpretations. Here, we present a new permafrost vulnerability dataset that assesses the degree of permafrost thaw within peatlands across a 750 km latitudinal gradient in the NWT. This updated dataset provides spatially explicit estimates of where peatland thermokarst potential exists, thus making it much more suitable for local, regional or community usage. Within southern peatland complexes, we show that permafrost thaw affects up to 70% of the peatland area and that thaw is strongly mediated by both latitude and elevation, with widespread thaw occuring particularly at low elevations. At the northern end of our latitudinal gradient, peatland permafrost remains climate-protected with relatively little thaw. Collectively these results demonstrate the importance of scale in permafrost analyses and mapping if research is to support northern communities and decision makers in a changing climate. This study offers a more scale-appropriate approach to support community adaptative planning under scenarios of continued warming and widespread permafrost thaw.
CMIP6 projects less frequent seasonal soil moisture droughts over China in response to different warming levels
Authors: Chen Sisi , Yuan Xing 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Seasonal drought occurrences are found to increase across different regions over China under global warming, but with large uncertainties among models. With ten selected Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) climate models and seven CMIP6 models according to their performances in reproducing historical drought trends (p < 0.1), here we show that future seasonal soil moisture (SM) droughts over China projected by CMIP6 models are less frequent than that by CMIP5 models. We find national mean seasonal drought frequency is projected to increase by 28 ± 4% based on CMIP5 models at 1.5 °C global warming level, but only increase by 18 ± 6% based on CMIP6 models and 12 ± 4% based on land surface model ensemble simulations driven by downscaled CMIP5 models. Compared with CMIP6, CMIP5 projection suggests larger increase in precipitation but also larger increase in evapotranspiration, leading to more frequent seasonal SM droughts. Comparing the results at 3 °C global warming level with those at 1.5 °C, drought frequency over China will increase further by 10 ± 4%, but drought duration will decrease by 6 ± 4%, suggesting more frequent seasonal SM droughts with shorter durations will occur in a warming future. The future increase in China drought frequency will reduce from 12%–45% based on selected climate models to 3%–27% based on all available models (30 CMIP5 models and 31 CMIP6 models), which indicates that the model selection is critical for future drought projection. Nevertheless, CMIP6 still projects less frequent seasonal SM droughts than CMIP5 even without any model discriminations.
Multihumped nondegenerate fundamental bright solitons in N-coupled nonlinear Schrödinger system
Authors: Ramakrishnan R , Stalin S , Lakshmanan M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this letter we report the existence of nondegenerate fundamental bright soliton solution for coupled multi-component nonlinear Schrödinger equations of Manakov type. To derive this class of nondegenerate vector soliton solutions, we adopt the Hirota bilinear method with appropriate general class of seed solutions. Very interestingly the obtained nondegenerate fundamental soliton solution of the N-coupled nonlinear Schrödinger (CNLS) system admits multi-hump natured intensity profiles. We explicitly demonstrate this specific property by considering the nondegenerate soliton (NDS) solutions for 3 and 4-CNLS systems. We also point out the existence of a special class of partially NDS solutions by imposing appropriate restrictions on the wavenumbers in the already obtained completely NDS solution. Such class of soliton solutions can also exhibit multi-hump profile structures. Finally, we present the stability analysis of nondegenerate fundamental soliton of the 3-CNLS system as an example. The numerical results confirm the stability of triple-humped profile nature against perturbations of 5% and 10% white noise. The multi-hump nature of nondegenerate fundamental soliton solution will be useful in multi-level optical communication applications with enhanced flow of data in multi-mode fibers.
Study on the Treatment Effect of the Oily Wastewater by the Biological Soil Aquifer Treatment System
Authors: Han Zhiyong , Shang Ziming , Xu Rongfu , Kong Quancun , Du Chengzhen , Wu Jie , Wang Tingting 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Soil aquifer treatment with physical, chemical and biological functions for oily wastewater treatment was put forward and strain identification, best growth conditions was studied in this paper, including temperature, pH, diesel oil content and inorganic salt concentrations. Firstly, the oily wastewater treatment effect and the influence factors of the SAT was investigated. Then, the oil degradation bacteria were domesticated, screened and purified and its degradation characteristics were studied and build a biological SAT(bioSAT). Thirdly, the oily wastewater was treated by the bioSAT and the effect was investigated. At last, to confirm the optimal treatment conditions. The research results showed that: 5 bacteria strains were identified as following: Enterococcus faecalis-L1, Lysiniibacillus-L2, Bacillus sp-L3, Rhodococcus equi-L4 and Ochrobactrum-L5. Based on their ability to degrade oil, L-2 and L-4 were selected and their growth conditions majorized. Optimum bacteria growth was recorded at 2% substrate (diesel) concentration, pH 7-8, temperature range between 25°C and 30°C and inorganic salt concentration range from 1 g/L to 3 g/L for the bacteria strains L2 and L4. The equilibrium concentration was reached on the 30th day, and the highest removal rates of 84.63% and 99.23% were reached on the 36th day.
Environmental Information Quality Guarantee System Based on the Perspective of Policy Tools
Authors: Jiang Wuyue , Cao Liang , Huang Yanmei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper analyzes the evolution of China’s environmental quality guarantee system and provides some Suggestions for future environmental policy tool selection. Based on the perspective of policy tools, this paper sorts out the policy texts issued at the central level and divides them into three categories: command control, market incentive and public participation. The content analysis method and Nvivo11plus qualitative data analysis tool were used to carry out qualitative analysis on the three types of policy tools, and the change chart of China’s environmental policy tool selection was drawn. In general, the use of three kinds of policy tools in China has gradually changed from simple, “obligation standard” and direct regulation to complex, “right standard” and joint regulation, but there is still a large deviation in the use of environmental policy tools.
Environmental Material Research of Infrared Light Responsive Self-healing Graphene-based Thermoplastic Polyurethane
Authors: Wang Yuehui , Zhou Zhimin , Zhang Jiahao , Tang Jinyuan , Wu Peiyu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Graphene-based thermoplastic polyurethane (G-TPU) composite materials were prepared and used for the fabrication of G-TPU film. The thermal conductivity and infrared radiation (IR) response and self-healing performances of the G-TPU film were studied. The experimental results reveal that the thermal conductivity of the TPU film was improved through the incorporation of graphene and increases with increasing of the graphene mass content. The G-TPU film displays a good IR thermal response characteristic. After heated by IR illumination, the temperatures of the G-TPU composite film incorporation of graphene of 0.2 wt% and 1.5 wt%, reach to 92.9 °C and 109.1 °C respectively. When the graphene mass content is in the range 0.6 wt% - 1.2 wt%, the crack on the G-TPU film can be completely healed via IR illumination.
Research on Spatial Resource Planning of Land and Sea Co-ordination
Authors: Li Aining , Kang Minjie 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Land and sea coordination is an important principle of land and space development and utilization, but there is a lack of land and sea integrated spatial resource planning research. This paper analyses the connotation, characteristics and principles of land-sea spatial resource planning, and discusses the relationship between land-sea spatial resource planning and related zoning planning. On the basis of the regional system structure of man-land relationship, the adaptive management technology system of land-sea spatial resource planning is constructed. The theory of land and sea planning can provide a theoretical reference for the optimal allocation of sea space resources, and its technical system has certain reference significance for enriching the existing sea area management technology.
Analysis on the Current Situation and Development Trend of China’s Electrification Level and Electric Energy Substitution under the Background of Carbon Neutral
Authors: Tang Wei , Wu Peng , Zhang Yu , Cao Xiaodong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
There is still room for improvement in China’s electrification level, and power substitution is an important grasp to improve the level of electrification. The implementation of electric energy substitution can promote energy transformation, realize green development and support the realization of carbon neutral goal. After analysis, the power substitution is still the main force to improve the level of electrification in various fields during the “14th five year plan”.
Privacy Protection Strategy of Vehicle-to-Grid Network Based on Consortium Blockchain and Attribute-based Signature
Authors: Wei Guochen , Ma Yonghong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
V2G(vehicle-to-grid) is an integral part of the smart grid. To deploy a V2G network on a large scale, it is necessary to solve network security and trustworthiness and privacy protection of electric vehicle users (EV). Therefore, this paper proposes a privacy protection strategy for V2G networks based on consortium blockchain and attribute-based signature and designs an overall implementation scheme including system initialization, EV registration, anonymous authentication, optimized scheduling, local services, block construction and consensus mechanism. The strategy also uses the K-anonymity to protect the privacy of the EV’s geographic location, making it well compatible with charging and discharging services. Finally, security and performance analysis proved the feasibility of design scheme.
Research on Dynamic Simulation of Vehicle ACC Based on Active Disturbance Rejection Control Technology
Authors: Zhang Aodi , Gan Haiyun , Yan Ying 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
To improve the robustness and safety of the vehicle’s adaptive cruise control system, this paper designs an active disturbance rejection controller (ACC_ADRC) with strong robustness. The upper controller is based on the active disturbance rejection control algorithm, obtains the expected acceleration of the vehicle according to the relative speed and relative distance of the preceding vehicle. The lower controller is based on PI control, according to the expected acceleration, it realizes the adaptive cruise control of the vehicle by controlling the throttle opening and the pressure of the master cylinder. Finally, based on the ADAS HIL simulation platform, the controller of this research and a mass production controller (ACC_MP) were simulated and verified. The simulation results show that compared with the ACC_MP controller, the ACC_ADRC controller has stronger robustness and reduces the overshoot of speed, acceleration and distance, and effectively improves the comfort and safety of the vehicle.
Retraction: Decoupling Evolutionary Programming from Gigabit Switches in Neural Networks (IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering
381 012184)
Authors: Ling Hangkun 
Published: February 2021

This article has been retracted by IOP Publishing on 17 February 2021 in light of clear evidence that it was computer generated. IOP Publishing is investigating why this was not identified during the submission and peer review process by the conference. As a member of the Committee for Publication Ethics (COPE) this has been investigated in accordance with COPE guidelines and it was agreed the article should be retracted.
Retraction published: 17 February 2021
Coating performance of hexagonal boron nitride and graphene layers
Authors: Li Xuemei , Long Yuyang , Ma Limin , Li Jidong , Yin Jun , Guo Wanlin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The shrinking size and compact structure of modern precision equipment require ultra-thin but reliable functional coating. Few layers of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) and graphene have a dense hexagonal lattice, distinguished electrical conductivity, good lubricity, excellent thermal and chemical stability, and can be both fabricated in large area with high quality, making them ideal candidates for atomically thin multifunctional coatings. In this review, we summarize the performance of h-BN and graphene coatings from four aspects, anti-corrosion and anti-oxidation, wetting, lubrication and electromagnetic interference shielding. Possible failure routes for their long term protection against oxidation and corrosion are comprehensively discussed, accompanying with the optimization routes. We further suggest prospects for developments of h-BN and graphene coatings.
Befeathering the European: The Matter of Feathers in the Material Renaissance
Authors: Rublack Ulinka 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This article contributes to the material turn. It shows how an inquiry into the social life of materiality, with distinctive methodologies such as reconstruction and object-led-approaches, changes our understanding of the past. It advances our thinking about the emergence and significance of cross-cultural objects in the context of cultural exchange. The article charts the spectacular rise in importance of feathers in dress during the Renaissance, its relation to collecting practices and relevance well into the seventeenth century. It argues that meanings of featherwork in Europe were influenced by encounters with the Americas, whose artistry sixteenth-century Europeans greatly admired. The dyeing of feathers in multiple colors for headwear and its crafting into intricate shapes turned into a major European fashion trend. Crafts and materials linked to embodied sensory perception and emotional responses. This revises accounts which present this age purely as one of conspicuous consumption designed to celebrate the prestige of rich patrons and instead enquires into how materials interacted with human perception and the mind. Male consumers decisively shaped taste communities. To understand this uncharted and surprising history we need to explore the first age of globalization.
Impact of hydroxychloroquine on disease progression and ICU admissions in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Awad Nirvana , Schiller Daryl S , Fulman Magda , Chak Azfar 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Purpose
To evaluate whether use of hydroxychloroquine was associated with a reduced likelihood of intensive care unit (ICU) admission in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the early weeks of the pandemic.

Methods
A retrospective, observational cohort study was conducted to determine selected treatment outcomes in 336 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 at an acute care community hospital in the Hudson Valley region of New York from March 20 to April 20, 2020. Eligibility included admission to the hospital, a laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and no need for intubation or intensive care at admission. The median (interquartile range) ages of patients who received hydroxychloroquine (n = 188) and those who did not (n = 148) were 68 (58-82) and 64 (51-73) years, respectively. In a multivariable model that included age, gender, obesity, diabetes, and hydroxychloroquine use, patients who received hydroxychloroquine were significantly more likely than those not treated with the drug to be transferred to an ICU (odds ratio, [OR], 8.1; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.8-17) and significantly more likely to be intubated (OR, 7.99; 95% CI, 3.76-16.91); these associations were not influenced by disease severity. In-hospital mortality did not differ significantly with disease severity between those who did and those who did not receive hydroxychloroquine.

Conclusion
Hydroxychloroquine use was significantly associated with increased risks of ICU admission and intubation in patients with mild, moderate, and severe symptoms of COVID-19. There were no significant between-group differences in mortality with use vs nonuse of hydroxychloroquine.
The landscape of different molecular modules in an immune microenvironment during tuberculosis infection
Authors: Zhang Nan , Luo Xizi , Huang JuanJuan , Song Hongyan , Zhang Xinyue , Huang Honglan , Zhao Shishun , Wang Guoqing 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Tuberculosis is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. When tuberculosis invades the human body, innate immunity is the first line of defense. However, how the innate immune microenvironment responds remains unclear. In this research, we studied the function of each type of cell and explained the principle of an immune microenvironment. Based on the differences in the innate immune microenvironment, we modularized the analysis of the response of five immune cells and two structural cells. The results showed that in the innate immune stress response, the genes CXCL3, PTGS2 and TNFAIP6 regulated by the nuclear factor kappa B(NK-KB) pathway played a crucial role in fighting against tuberculosis. Based on the active pathway algorithm, each immune cell showed metabolic heterogeneity. Besides, after tuberculosis infection, structural cells showed a chemotactic immunity effect based on the co-expression immunoregulatory module.
Neuroinflammation is highest in areas of disease progression in semantic dementia
Authors: Pascual Belen , Funk Quentin , Zanotti-Fregonara Paolo , Cykowski Matthew D , Veronese Mattia , Rockers Elijah , Bradbury Kathleen , Yu Meixiang , Nakawah Mohammad O , Román Gustavo C , Schulz Paul E , Arumanayagam Anithachristy S , Beers David , Faridar Alireza , Fujita Masahiro , Appel Stanley H , Masdeu Joseph C 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Despite epidemiological and genetic data linking semantic dementia to inflammation, the topography of neuroinflammation in semantic dementia, also known as the semantic variant of primary progressive aphasia, remains unclear. The pathology starts at the tip of the left temporal lobe where, in addition to cortical atrophy, a strong signal appears with the tau PET tracer 18F-flortaucipir, even though the disease is not typically associated with tau but with TDP-43 protein aggregates. Here, we characterized the topography of inflammation in semantic variant primary progressive aphasia using high-resolution PET and the tracer 11C-PBR28 as a marker of microglial activation. We also tested the hypothesis that inflammation, by providing non-specific binding targets, could explain the 18F-flortaucipir signal in semantic variant primary progressive aphasia. Eight amyloid-PET-negative patients with semantic variant primary progressive aphasia underwent 11C-PBR28 and 18F-flortaucipir PET. Healthy controls underwent 11C-PBR28 PET (n = 12) or 18F-flortaucipir PET (n = 12). Inflammation in PET with 11C-PBR28 was analysed using Logan graphical analysis with a metabolite-corrected arterial input function. 18F-flortaucipir standardized uptake value ratios were calculated using the cerebellum as the reference region. Since monoamine oxidase B receptors are expressed by astrocytes in affected tissue, selegiline was administered to one patient with semantic variant primary progressive aphasia before repeating 18F-flortaucipir scanning to test whether monoamine oxidase B inhibition blocked flortaucipir binding, which it did not. While 11C-PBR28 uptake was mostly cortical, 18F-flortaucipir uptake was greatest in the white matter. The uptake of both tracers was increased in the left temporal lobe and in the right temporal pole, as well as in regions adjoining the left temporal pole such as insula and orbitofrontal cortex. However, peak uptake of 18F-flortaucipir localized to the left temporal pole, the epicentre of pathology, while the peak of inflammation 11C-PBR28 uptake localized to a more posterior, mid-temporal region and left insula and orbitofrontal cortex, in the periphery of the damage core. Neuroinflammation, greatest in the areas of progression of the pathological process in semantic variant primary progressive aphasia, should be further studied as a possible therapeutic target to slow disease progression.
Photo-oxygenation by a biocompatible catalyst reduces amyloid-β levels in Alzheimer’s disease mice
Authors: Ozawa Shuta , Hori Yukiko , Shimizu Yusuke , Taniguchi Atsuhiko , Suzuki Takanobu , Wang Wenbo , Chiu Yung Wen , Koike Reiko , Yokoshima Satoshi , Fukuyama Tohru , Takatori Sho , Sohma Youhei , Kanai Motomu , Tomita Taisuke 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Amyloid formation and the deposition of the amyloid-β peptide are hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis. Immunotherapies using anti-amyloid-β antibodies have been highlighted as a promising approach for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease by enhancing microglial clearance of amyloid-β peptide. However, the efficiency of antibody delivery into the brain is limited, and therefore an alternative strategy to facilitate the clearance of brain amyloid is needed. We previously developed an artificial photo-oxygenation system using a low molecular weight catalytic compound. The photocatalyst specifically attached oxygen atoms to amyloids upon irradiation with light, and successfully reduced the neurotoxicity of aggregated amyloid-β via inhibition of amyloid formation. However, the therapeutic effect and mode of actions of the photo-oxygenation system in vivo remained unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that photo-oxygenation facilitates the clearance of aggregated amyloid-β from the brains of living Alzheimer’s disease model mice, and enhances the microglial degradation of amyloid-β peptide. These results suggest that photo-oxygenation may represent a novel anti-amyloid-β strategy in Alzheimer’s disease, which is compatible with immunotherapy.