bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of flour mill stream blending approaches: Linear programming versus ash curve
Authors: Kalitsis John , Minasny Budiman , Quail Ken , McBratney Alexander 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground and objectivesFlour millers often produce several flour types from a single wheat grist. Consequently, different specifications characterize each flour. For example, French standards specify six different flour types, each classified by ash content. The proportional blending of different flour streams from a single wheat grist achieves the target flour specifications. This study explores the opportunity to improve flour blending using linear programming and compares it to sequential ash curve blending.FindingsLinear programming and ash curve approaches were used to meet specifications for French flour types from a wheat grist milled to produce 10 flour streams, each stream having different flour quality attributes. The first simulation set quantity targets for Types 45, 55, and 65 flour. The balance of the flour went to the lower value Types 80, 110, and 150. The flour type targets were met using Linear Programming. By utilizing the ash curve method, Type 65 flour was under‐delivered. The second simulation aimed to maximize income using the two methods with no constraints on the amount of each flour type. The linear programming approach resulted in a 0.13% increase in revenue compared to the ash curve technique.ConclusionIn the first simulation, the linear programming technique reduced the lower‐value high ash flour types, generating an additional $6.16/ton of flour. In the second simulation, linear programming increased income by $0.84/ton of flour. Thus, a milling plant operating for 8,000 hr/year and processing 20 tons of wheat/hr translates to $779,000 and $107,000 per annum, respectively.Significance and noveltyThis study showed that linear programming could significantly improve flour blending outcomes, resulting in increased profitability and resource utilization in the milling industry.
Nivolumab‐induced liver injury with a steroid‐refractory increase in biliary enzymes, in a patient with malignant mesothelioma: An autopsy case report
Authors: Arai Kazumori , Matsuda Masanori , Nakayasu Hiromasa , Meguro Shiori , Kurokami Takafumi , Kubota Aki , Iwasaki Tomohiro , Suzuki Makoto , Kawaguchi Shinya , Iwashita Toshihide 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis is the first autopsy report of hepatotoxicity from nivolumab immunotherapy for malignant mesothelioma. The increase in levels of biliary enzymes and randomly distributed endothelial damage were steroid‐refractory, but second‐line option was abandoned because of cachexia. Further discussions are needed regarding the customized management of immune‐related toxicities.
Biolumineszenz – Teil 1: Terrestrische Biolumineszenz
Authors: Schramm Stefan , Weiß Dieter 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungDer vorliegende Artikel betrachtet die terrestrischen Biolumineszenz am Beispiel vieler einzelner Organismen wie dem Glühwürmchen, Pilzen, Schnecken, Würmern oder auch Larven. Für jedes der Systeme würde ein kurzer historischer, geographischer oder biologischer Einblick gegeben, gefolgt von der Diskussion der zugrundeliegenden Chemischen Reaktionen, welche für die Lichtemission verantwortlich sind. Allen gemein ist hierbei die Reaktion eines Sauerstoff‐reichen Intermediates, dessen Zersetzung zur Generierung von elektronisch angeregten Zuständen der Emitter Moleküle führt. Obgleich bereits viele terrestrische Biolumineszenzsysteme erforscht sind gibt es noch eine Großzahl von fast komplett unverstandenen Systemen, die Gegenstand aktueller Forschungen sind.
Hagelabwehr durch Wolkenimpfen
Authors: Oppenländer Thomas , Hellstern Peter , Wehrle Roman , Hengstler Gernot ,   Verein zur Hagelabwehr in den Landkreisen Schwarzwald‐Baar und Tuttlingen e.V.
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungSeit der Entwicklung der Technologie des Wolkenimpfens wird deren Wirksamkeit in Wissenschaft und Medien kontrovers diskutiert. Dies gilt besonders für die Hagelabwehr mit Silberiodid (AgI). In Laborversuchen ist sie jedoch sicher nachweisbar. Bei der Hagelbekämpfung verhindert die Komplexität der unterschiedlichen Wolkensysteme die Reproduzierbarkeit der Flugzeugeinsätze. Keine Wolke gleicht der anderen. Wie in der Medizin, bei der Entwicklung und Testung eines neuen Medikamentes, müssen statistische Erhebungen herangezogen werden. Deshalb haben wir mit Wettervideos und eingebetteten GPS‐Flugrouten der Einsätze der letzten Jahre gezeigt, dass das gezielte Einbringen von Silberiodid‐Kondensationskeimen mit Flugzeugen in die Aufwindzone einer herannahenden Gewitterwolke in den allermeisten Fällen zu deren Zusammenbruch führt. Dadurch ist die Gefahr schwerer Hagelschläge gebannt. Moderne Technik der Erzeugung von AgI‐Kondensationskeimen mit elektronisch geregelten Generatoren erhöht die Flexibilität der Hagelabwehrpiloten bezüglich der Dosierung der AgI‐Kondensationskeime bei der optimalen Bekämpfung hageltragender Wolkenzellen. Ferner wird der Verbrauch an Silberiodid mit neuer Generatortechnik gegenüber früheren Modellen halbiert. Die in die Umwelt eingebrachte Menge an Silberiodid ist so gering, dass keine Gefährdung von Menschen, Tieren und der Umwelt befürchtet werden muss. Dies zeigen unsere Berechnungen und neue spurenanalytische Studien aus der Literatur. Letztere können keine erhöhte Silberbelastung von Gewässern und Böden nachweisen. Zukünftig soll den Piloten im Cockpit die aktuelle Radarinformation mit integrierter GPS‐Flugroute zur Verfügung gestellt werden. Dies verbessert die Orientierung der Piloten im Luftraum und erhöht die Zielgenauigkeit der Wolkenimpfung.
Efficient Synthesis of Benzothiazinone Analogues with Activity against Intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Richter Adrian , Narula Gagandeep , Rudolph Ines , Seidel Rüdiger W. , Wagner Christoph , Av‐Gay Yossef , Imming Peter 
Published: December 2021

Abstract8‐Nitrobenzothiazinones (BTZs) are a promising class of antimycobacterial agents currently under investigation in clinical trials. Starting from thiourea derivatives, a new synthetic pathway to BTZs was established. It allows the formation of the thiazinone ring system in one synthetic step and is applicable for preparation of a wide variety of BTZ analogues. The synthetic procedure furthermore facilitates the replacement of the sulphur atom in the thiazinone ring system by oxygen or nitrogen to afford the analogous benzoxazinone and quinazolinone systems. 36 BTZ analogues were prepared and tested in luminescence‐based assays for in vitro activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) using the microdilution broth method and a high‐throughput macrophage infection assay.
Impact of intraventricular haemodynamic forces misalignment on left ventricular remodelling after myocardial infarction
Authors: Filomena Domenico , Cimino Sara , Monosilio Sara , Galea Nicola , Mancuso Giuseppe , Francone Marco , Tonti Giovanni , Pedrizzetti Gianni , Maestrini Viviana , Fedele Francesco , Agati Luciano 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimsAltered left ventricular (LV) haemodynamic forces (HDFs) have been associated with positive and negative remodelling after pathogenic or therapeutic events. We aimed to identify LV HDFs patterns associated with adverse LV remodelling (aLVr) in reperfused segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients.Methods and resultsForty‐nine acute STEMI patients underwent cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) at 1 week (baseline) and after 4 months (follow‐up). LV HDFs were computed at baseline from cine CMR long axis data sets, using a novel technique based on endocardial boundary tracking, both in apex‐base (A‐B) and latero‐septal (L‐S) directions. HDFs distribution was evaluated by L‐S over A‐B HDFs ratio (L‐S/A‐B HDFs ratio %). HDFs parameters were computed over the entire heartbeat, in systole and diastole. At baseline, aLVr patients had lower systolic L‐S HDF (2.7 ± 0.9 vs. 3.6 ± 1%; P = 0.027) and higher diastolic L‐S/A‐B HDF ratio (28 ± 14 vs. 19 ± 6%; P = 0.03). At univariate logistic regression analysis, higher infarct size [odds ratio (OR) 1.05; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01–1.1; P = 0.04], higher L‐S/A‐B HDFs ratio (OR 1.1; 95% CI 1.01–1.2; P = 0.05) and lower L‐S HDFs (OR 0.41; 95% CI 0.2–0.9; P = 0.04) were associated with aLVr at follow‐up. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, diastolic L‐S/A‐B HDF ratio remained the only independent predictor of aLVr (OR 1.1; 95% CI 1.01–1.2; P = 0.04).ConclusionsMisalignment of diastolic haemodynamic forces after STEMI is associated with aLVr after 4 months.
The association of probable PTSD at baseline and pain‐related outcomes after chronic pain rehabilitation: A comparison of DSM‐5 and ICD‐11 criteria for PTSD
Authors: Elmose Andersen Tonny , Hansen Maj , Lykkegaard Ravn Sophie , Bjarke Vaegter Henrik 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is a high prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in patients with chronic pain. However, different patients are identified depending on the diagnostic system used. Moreover, it is unclear if the conceptualizations of PTSD are differently associated with outcomes of pain rehabilitation. Hence, the aims of the present study were first to explore the prevalence rates and diagnostic agreement of probable PTSD according to the ICD‐11 and the DSM‐5 screening tools (International Trauma Questionnaire [ITQ] vs. PTSD Checklist [PCL‐5]), and secondly, to explore the associations of probable PTSD determined by ITQ and PCL‐5 with psychological distress measures at baseline, and thirdly, the associations with pain and disability after pain rehabilitation adjusting for psychological covariates.MethodsA consecutive cohort of patients with chronic non‐malignant pain (n = 152) referred to a Danish interdisciplinary pain center was assessed at baseline prior to their first visit and at follow‐up three days after completed treatment.ResultsThe estimated probable PTSD baseline prevalence rates were 15.8% (ITQ) and 16.4% (PCL‐5). However, the diagnostic agreement between the PCL‐5 and the ITQ was only moderate (k = 0.64). Overall, compared to the ITQ probable PTSD according to the PCL‐5 correlated more strongly with psychological distress. Only the ITQ was associated with poorer outcomes after rehabilitation, explaining alone 7–8% of the variance in disability and pain intensity adjusted for covariates.ConclusionsThe results underline the importance of taking the conceptualization and assessment of PTSD into consideration when investigating the impact of PTSD on pain rehabilitation.SignificanceThere is a high prevalence of probable PTSD in patients with chronic pain. However, different patients with probable PTSD are identified depending on the diagnostic system used. Although similar probable PTSD prevalence rates (about 16%) were found using DSM‐5 and ICD‐11 PTSD screening tools (PCL‐5 and ITQ, respectively), the diagnostic agreement between the systems was only moderate (k = 0.64). At the same time, only probable PTSD estimated according to the ITQ and not the PCL‐5 was a significant predictor of disability after pain rehabilitation.
The virus of distrust: How one victim‐sensitive group member can affect the entire group's outcomes
Authors: Magraw‐Mickelson Zoe , Süssenbach Philipp , Gollwitzer Mario 
Published: December 2021

AbstractVictim sensitivity (VS) is a personality trait conceptualized as the expectation of being exploited by others. Previous research has shown that one highly victim‐sensitive group member can negatively impact the entire group's outcomes. In the present research, we investigate boundary conditions and mechanisms underlying this effect. Study 1 (N = 134 individuals, 40 groups) shows that the VS score of the most victim‐sensitive group member negatively predicts a group's performance, particularly when the group's collective conscientiousness is high. Study 2 (N = 135 individuals, 45 groups) shows that groups that include one (compared to no) victim‐sensitive group member perform worse, especially when the task is perceived as requiring mutual trust. Study 3 (N = 234) confirms that expressing VS explicitly reduces cooperation within the group. These findings suggest that the virus of distrust can spread quickly and may have detrimental consequences for group performance and intragroup cooperation.
The evolution of wave impacts on the anthropogenically altered Modaomen Estuary in the Pearl River Delta
Authors: Jiang Chenjuan , Yang Qingshu , Cai Huayang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAnthropogenic changes can significantly alter estuarine environments and their fluvial–marine interactions. In this study, we investigate the evolution of wave impacts on the Modaomen Estuary (Pearl River Delta, China) in response to man‐made changes by quantifying the relative strength of fluvial and wave forces and by analysing morphological changes. River sediment input to the estuary has decreased significantly due to dam construction and decreased sediment diversion at junctions of the estuary due to sand excavation. The nearshore wave power and potential maximum alongshore sediment transport have increased substantially due to an intensive seaward extension of the coastline caused by estuarine regulation projects. Consequently, the Modaomen Estuary has shifted from a river‐dominated environment to one alternately controlled by wave and river effects, with waves being dominant in the dry season. Morphological alterations due to anthropogenic modifications in the Modaomen Estuary are characterized by a rotation of shoals from perpendicular to the coast to parallel to the coast, a straightening of the shoreline, and development of an asymmetrical subaqueous delta with a strong littoral drift, indicating evident wave impacts on estuarine morphological evolution.
Practical application of Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative plasma P‐tau181 reference data to support diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Hazan Jemma , Alston Duncan , Fox Nick C. , Howard Robert 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo assess plasma phosphorylated tau181 (p‐tau181) levels in Alzheimer's disease (AD), cognitively impaired non‐AD participants (CI non‐AD) and Control participants in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) dataset that could potentially act as reference data for clinic diagnoses of AD.MethodsData from 1558 participants (649 AD participants, 445 CI non‐AD participants and 464 controls) were examined, comparing p‐tau181 levels between Controls, AD and other dementias, stratified by age.ResultsThere were significant differences in plasma p‐tau181 values between Controls and those with AD at all ages up to 85 years. There were also significant differences between AD and CI non‐AD participants up to the age of 85 years.ConclusionsPlasma P‐tau181 may be a useful tool in the diagnosis of AD in those clinical settings where biomarkers have traditionally been less used. P‐tau181 may be less useful as an aid to diagnosis in the very oldest‐old. Further work is needed to establish the feasibility and utility of this biomarker within dementia diagnosis services not led by Neurologists, such as UK National Health Service Memory Services.
Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors prevent liver‐related events in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Zhang Xinrong , Wong Grace Lai‐Hung , Yip Terry Cheuk‐Fung , Tse Yee‐Kit , Liang Lilian Yan , Hui Vicki Wing‐Ki , Lin Huapeng , Li Guan‐Lin , Lai Jimmy Che‐To , Chan Henry Lik‐Yuen , Wong Vincent Wai‐Sun 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) can inhibit liver fibrogenesis in animal models. We aimed to evaluate the impact of ACEI/ARB use on the risk of liver cancer and cirrhosis complications in patients with NAFLD.

Approach and Results
We conducted a retrospective, territory‐wide cohort study of adult patients with NAFLD diagnosed between January 2000 and December 2014 to allow for at least 5 years of follow‐up. ACEI or ARB users were defined as patients who had received ACEI or ARB treatment for at least 6 months. The primary endpoint was liver‐related events (LREs), defined as a composite endpoint of liver cancer and cirrhosis complications. We analyzed data from 12,327 NAFLD patients (mean age, 54.2 ± 14.7 years; 6163 men [50.0%]); 6805 received ACEIs, and 2877 received ARBs. After propensity score weighting, ACEI treatment was associated with a lower risk of LREs (weighted subdistribution hazard ratio [SHR], 0.48; 95% CI, 0.35–0.66; p < 0.001), liver cancer (weighted SHR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.28–0.75; p = 0.002), and cirrhosis complications (weighted SHR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.27–0.66; p < 0.001), but ARB was not. In subgroup analysis, ACEI treatment was associated with greater reduction in LREs in patients with chronic kidney diseases (CKDs) than those without (CKD‐weighted SHR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.52–0.96; p = 0.036; non‐CKD‐weighted SHR, 0.15; 95% CI, 0.07–0.33; p < 0.001).

Conclusions
ACEI, rather than ARB, treatment is associated with a lower risk of LREs in NAFLD patients, especially among those with CKD.
Effects of extreme flooding on aquatic vegetation cover in Shengjin Lake, China
Authors: Guo Wenli , Zhou Zhongze , Chen Jingwen , Zheng Xudong , Ye Xiaoxin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAquatic plants are the main primary producers and an important part of the aquatic ecosystem. Seasonal flooding broke out in July 2020 in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, resulting in continued high water levels in lakes connected to the Yangtze River. To study the impact of extreme flooding on aquatic vegetation cover, we utilized two methods (surveying and remote sensing image data) to determine the changes in the aquatic vegetation cover of Shengjin Lake, one of the lakes connected to the Yangtze River, during the wet season from 2018 to 2020. The results showed that the dominant aquatic plant species before the flood in July 2020 were the emergent plantZizania caduciflora, the floating plantTrapa incisa, the submerged plantCeratophyllum demersumandVallisineria natans. The area covered by aquatic vegetation in 2018–2019 showed a slight upward trend, increasing from 24.94 to 25.94 km2. In April 2020, the aquatic vegetation cover was 25.53 km2, and after the flooding in July 2020, the aquatic vegetation cover decreased sharply to 1.36 km2, which was mainly composed of emergent plantZ. caduciflorain the nearshore. No recovery of the dominant aquatic plant species, the floating plantT. incisaand other submerged plants, was seen during the monitoring of water level decline from September to December 2020. Winter wetland plants were not significantly affected by flooding. The results of the study provide a theoretical basis for the maintenance mechanism of aquatic vegetation and lake management in Shengjin Lake.
An efficient route to prepare suspended monolayer for feasible optical and electronic characterizations of two‐dimensional materials
Authors: Huang Yuan , Wang Yun‐Kun , Huang Xin‐Yu , Zhang Guan‐Hua , Han Xu , Yang Yang , Gao Yunan , Meng Lei , Wang Yushu , Geng Guang‐Zhou , Liu Li‐Wei , Zhao Lin , Cheng Zhi‐Hai , Liu Xin‐Feng , Ren Ze‐Feng , Yang Hui‐Xia , Hao Yufeng , Gao Hong‐Jun , Zhou Xing‐Jiang , Ji Wei , Wang Ye‐Liang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTwo‐dimensional (2D) materials are highly sensitive to substrates, interfaces, and the surrounding environments. Suspended 2D materials are free from substrate‐induced effects, thus an ideal approach to study their intrinsic properties. However, it is very challenging to prepare large‐area suspended 2D materials with high efficiency. Here we report a universal method, based on pretreatments of densely patterned hole array substrates with either oxygen‐plasma or gold film deposition, to prepare large‐area suspended mono‐ and few‐layer 2D materials. Multiple structural, optical, and electrical characterization tools were used to fully evaluate the improved performance of various suspended 2D layers. Some of these observations reported in this study are: (1) Observation of a new Raman low frequency mode for the suspended MoS2; (2) Significantly stronger photoluminescence (PL) and second harmonic generation (SHG) signals of suspended WSe2, which enables the study of new optical transition processes; (3) The low energy electron diffraction pattern on suspended MoS2 also exhibits much sharper spots than that on the supported area; and (4) The mobility of suspended graphene device approaches 300 000 cm2 V−1 s−1, which is desirable to explore the intrinsic properties of graphene. This work provides an innovative and efficient route for fabricating suspended 2D materials, and we expect that it can be broadly used for studying intrinsic properties of 2D materials and in applications of hybrid active nanophotonic and electronic devices.image
Raman study of the ageing test of natural hydraulic lime under the influence of industrial port activities
Authors: Costantini Ilaria , Castro Kepa , Madariaga Juan Manuel , Arana Gorka 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRaman spectroscopy was applied for the diagnostic study of some commercial mortars applied to the outside of Punta Begoña Galleries, a historical building located in a coastal environment (Basque Country, Northern Spain) with industrial activities. Molecular analyses were carried out to study the conservation state of commercial materials exposed to the environmental stressors with the aim of being used for future restoration works of the Galleries and to assess in this way their stability when exposed to aggressive agents. The presence of the degradation compounds was studied considering the orientation of the walls where the commercial mortars were placed. Among the decay products, gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O) was identified in a higher number of samples together with sodium nitrate (nitratine, NaNO3) in a minor amount. The presence of magnesium‐based secondary products, nitromagnesite (Mg(NO3)2) and dypingite [Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2·5(H2O)], was also found formed by the degradation of original magnesium compounds of the mortars. Raman analyses showed in almost all the samples the presence of the xanthophyll carotenoid astaxanthin, which is considered as a bioindicator of pollution level because it appears as the first xanthophyll in highly contaminated areas. The presence of calcium oxalates whewellite (СаС2О4·Н2О) and wedellite (СаС2О4·2Н2О), formed probably as a result of secretion of microorganisms, was detected. However, these compounds were only identified in samples from the south‐west orientation, which is most affected by the influence of the harbour activity, indicating a higher anthropic impact in the materials in that area. Therefore, the choice of materials for restoration will have to be made considering the different environmental impacts. The obtained results were very useful to understand the deterioration processes on commercial mortars in order to study the atmospheric impact that these aggressive environments have on modern material in a relatively short period after their application.