bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three-loop helicity amplitudes for four-quark scattering in massless QCD
Authors: Caola Fabrizio , Chakraborty Amlan , Gambuti Giulio , von Manteuffel Andreas , Tancredi Lorenzo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We compute the three-loop corrections to the helicity amplitudes for q$$ \overline{q} $$

q
¯

→ Q$$ \overline{Q} $$

Q
¯

scattering in massless QCD. In the Lorentz decomposition of the scattering amplitude we avoid evanescent Lorentz structures and map the corresponding form factors directly to the physical helicity amplitudes. We reduce the amplitudes to master integrals and express them in terms of harmonic polylogarithms. The renormalised amplitudes exhibit infrared divergences of dipole and quadrupole type, as predicted by previous work on the infrared structure of multileg scattering amplitudes. We derive the finite remainders and present explicit results for all relevant partonic channels, both for equal and different quark flavours.
Identification by proximity labeling of novel lipidic and proteinaceous potential partners of the dopamine transporter
Authors: Piniella Dolores , Martínez-Blanco Elena , Bartolomé-Martín David , Sanz-Martos Ana B. , Zafra Francisco 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDopamine (DA) transporters (DATs) are regulated by trafficking and modulatory processes that probably rely on stable and transient interactions with neighboring proteins and lipids. Using proximity-dependent biotin identification (BioID), we found novel potential partners for DAT, including several membrane proteins, such as the transmembrane chaperone 4F2hc, the proteolipid M6a and a potential membrane receptor for progesterone (PGRMC2). We also detected two cytoplasmic proteins: a component of the Cullin1-dependent ubiquitination machinery termed F-box/LRR-repeat protein 2 (FBXL2), and the enzyme inositol 5-phosphatase 2 (SHIP2). Immunoprecipitation (IP) and immunofluorescence studies confirmed either a physical association or a close spatial proximity between these proteins and DAT. M6a, SHIP2 and the Cullin1 system were shown to increase DAT activity in coexpression experiments, suggesting a functional role for their association. Deeper analysis revealed that M6a, which is enriched in neuronal protrusions (filopodia or dendritic spines), colocalized with DAT in these structures. In addition, the product of SHIP2 enzymatic activity (phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate [PI(3,4)P2]) was tightly associated with DAT, as shown by co-IP and by colocalization of mCherry-DAT with a specific biosensor for this phospholipid. PI(3,4)P2 strongly stimulated transport activity in electrophysiological recordings, and conversely, inhibition of SHIP2 reduced DA uptake in several experimental systems including striatal synaptosomes and the dopaminergic cell line SH-SY5Y. In summary, here we report several potential new partners for DAT and a novel regulatory lipid, which may represent new pharmacological targets for DAT, a pivotal protein in dopaminergic function of the brain.
Finite Sequentiality of Finitely Ambiguous Max-Plus Tree Automata
Authors: Paul Erik 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe show that the finite sequentiality problem is decidable for finitely ambiguous max-plus tree automata. A max-plus tree automaton is a weighted tree automaton over the max-plus semiring. A max-plus tree automaton is called finitely ambiguous if the number of accepting runs on every tree is bounded by a global constant. The finite sequentiality problem asks whether for a given max-plus tree automaton, there exist finitely many deterministic max-plus tree automata whose pointwise maximum is equivalent to the given automaton.
Recombinant and endogenous ways to produce methylated phospholipids in Escherichia coli
Authors: Kleetz Julia , Vasilopoulos Georgios , Czolkoss Simon , Aktas Meriyem , Narberhaus Franz 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEscherichia coli is the daily workhorse in molecular biology research labs and an important platform microorganism in white biotechnology. Its cytoplasmic membrane is primarily composed of the phospholipids phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), and cardiolipin (CL). As in most other bacteria, the typical eukaryotic phosphatidylcholine (PC) is not a regular component of the E. coli membrane. PC is known to act as a substrate in various metabolic or catabolic reactions, to affect protein folding and membrane insertion, and to activate proteins that originate from eukaryotic environments. Options to manipulate the E. coli membrane to include non-native lipids such as PC might make it an even more powerful and versatile tool for biotechnology and protein biochemistry. This article outlines different strategies how E. coli can be engineered to produce PC and other methylated PE derivatives. Several of these approaches rely on the ectopic expression of genes from natural PC-producing organisms. These include PC synthases, lysolipid acyltransferases, and several phospholipid N-methyltransferases with diverse substrate and product preferences. In addition, we show that E. coli has the capacity to produce PC by its own enzyme repertoire provided that appropriate precursors are supplied. Screening of the E. coli Keio knockout collection revealed the lysophospholipid transporter LplT to be responsible for the uptake of lyso-PC, which is then further acylated to PC by the acyltransferase-acyl carrier protein synthetase Aas. Overall, our study shows that the membrane composition of the most routinely used model bacterium can readily be tailored on demand.Key points• Escherichia coli can be engineered to produce non-native methylated PE derivatives.• These lipids can be produced by foreign and endogenous proteins.• Modification of E. coli membrane offers potential for biotechnology and research.
Graphical abstract
Seeing the world through the eyes of a butterfly: visual ecology of the territorial males of Pararge aegeria (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
Authors: Bergman Martin , Smolka Jochen , Nilsson Dan-Eric , Kelber Almut 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCombining studies of animal visual systems with exact imaging of their visual environment can get us a step closer to understand how animals see their “Umwelt”. Here, we have combined both methods to better understand how males of the speckled wood butterfly,Pararge aegeria, see the surroundings of their perches. These males are well known to sit and wait for a chance to mate with a passing females, in sunspot territories in European forests. We provide a detailed description of the males' body and head posture, viewing direction, visual field and spatial resolution, as well as the visual environment.Pararge aegeriahas sexually dimorphic eyes, the smallest interommatidial angles of males are around 1°, those of females 1.5°. Perching males face the antisolar direction with their retinal region of the highest resolution pointing at an angle of about 45° above the horizon; thus, looking at a rather even and dark background in front of which they likely have the best chance to detect a sunlit female passing through the sunspot.
Evaluation of adalimumab biosimilar candidate (HS016) in Chinese patients with active ankylosing spondylitis based on a health survey: sub-analysis of a phase 3 study
Authors: Su Jinmei , Li Mengtao , He Lan , Zhao Dongbao , Wan Weiguo , Liu Yi , Xu Jianhua , Xu Jian , Liu Huaxiang , Jiang Lindi , Wu Huaxiang , Zuo Xiaoxia , Huang Cibo , Liu Xiumei , Li Fen , Zhang Zhiyi , Liu Xiangyuan , Dong Lingli , Li Tianwang , Chen Haiying , Li Jingyang , He Dongyi , Lu Xin , Huang Anbin , Tao Yi , Wang Yanyan , Zhang Zhuoli , Wei Wei , Li Xiaofeng , Zeng Xiaofeng 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objective
The equivalence of the biosimilar HS016 to adalimumab (Humira) for the treatment of active ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients has been previously validated. The aim was to compare the efficacy of HS016 and adalimumab in stratified subgroups at different time points using Health Assessment Questionnaire for Spondyloarthropathies (HAQ-S) and short form 36 (SF-36) questionnaires.

Methods
We carried out a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel, positive control, phase 3 trial of patients with active AS. They were selected randomly to be subcutaneously administered 40 mg HS016 or adalimumab every 2 weeks for a total treatment period of 24 weeks in a 2:1 ratio. A health surveys were used to assess mental and physical improvements of patients as well as other factors.

Results
HAQ-S revealed that changes in scores from baseline in both groups were time dependent until 14 weeks and that during the first 4 weeks of treatment the changes declined rapidly. The SF-36 health survey revealed that both HS016 and adalimumab produced rapid beneficial effects against AS during the first 2 weeks of therapy, which gradually declined between 2 and 12 weeks and flattened out after 12 weeks until 24 weeks.

Conclusion
This trial demonstrated that both HS016 and adalimumab produced rapid improvements in symptoms during the first 2 weeks of treatment. These findings suggest that HS016 is an alternative economical treatment for Chinese AS patients producing a rapid amelioration of symptoms, aiding them to recover their lifestyle satisfaction.

Trial registration
http://www.chictr.org.cn/enindex.aspx, ChiCTR1900022520, retrospectively registered.

Key points

• HS016 and adalimumab produced rapid AS symptom improvements during the first 2 weeks followed by a slowdown of improvements until week 4 with afterwards few improvements evaluated by HAQ-S

• The improvements according to the short form of the 36 (SF-36) questionnaires revealed similar trends as for HAQ-S

• There was no significant difference in HAQ-S and SF-36 scores between HS016 and adalimumab
Understanding factors that influence unintentional insider threat: a framework to counteract unintentional risks
Authors: Khan Neeshe , J. Houghton Robert , Sharples Sarah 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe exploitation of so-called insiders is increasingly recognised as a common vector for cyberattacks. Emerging work in this area has considered the phenomenon from various perspectives including the technological, the psychological and the sociotechnical. We extend this work by specifically examining unintentional forms of insider threat and report the outcomes of a series of detailed Critical Decision Method (CDM) led interviews with those who have experienced various forms of unwitting cybersecurity breaches. We also articulate factors likely to contribute firmly in the context of everyday work-as-done. CDM’s probing questions were used to elicit expert knowledge around how decision making occurred prior, during and post an unintentional cyber breach whilst participants were engaged in the delivery of cognitive tasks. Through the application of grounded theory to data, emerging results included themes of decision making, task factors, accidents and organisational factors. These results are utilised to inform an Epidemiological Triangle to represent the dynamic relationship between three vectors of exploit, user and the work environment that can in turn affect the resilience of cyber defences. We conclude by presenting a simple framework, which for the purposes of this work is a set of recommendations applicable in specific scenarios to reduce negative impact for understanding unintentional insider threats. We also suggest practical means to counteract such threats rooted in the lived experience of those who have fallen prey to them.
Anpassungsstrategien an Klimawandelfolgen für den Obstbau im Mittelmeerklima – Wird der Obstbau zum Klimaschützer?
Authors: Blanke Michael 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungZur Abschlussveranstaltung des Adapt2Clima-EU-Projekts zu „Klimawandelfolgen für die Landwirtschaft im Mittelmeerraum und Adaptionsstrategien“ trafen sich fast 160 Klimaforscher aus über 30 Ländern am 24.–25. Juni 2019 in Heraklion – mit Klimamodellen und Risikoanalyse bzw. Vulnerabilität verschiedener Mittelmeerregionen. Bei den obstbaulichen Vorträgen stellte sich einmal die Witterung zur Blüte als besonders kritisch heraus, wobei zum einen kühl-nasse Witterung die Bestäubung durch ausbleibendes Fliegen der Honigbienen verhinderte und heiße Witterung die Pollen verklebten und zum anderen Unwetter mit Starkregenfällen im Laufe des Sommers, z. B. in Skopelos im August 2015, die Fruchtqualität bzw. die Ernte und auf Kreta im Frühling 2019 die Blüte bzw. den Fruchtansatz in Frage stellten. Als relativ klimaresilient erscheinen Gebirgsregionen wie Imathia, Pella und Pilion sowie Kreta und Zypern aufgrund der Kombination aus ausreichendem Kältereiz im Winter (Chilling), geringer Spätfrostgefahr, Zugang zu Wasser und weniger Hitzeschäden. Besonders betroffen von Klimawandelfolgen im Mittelmeerraum sind Wein, Tomate und Olive – in der Reihenfolge ihres Wasserbedarfs und ihrer Empfindlichkeit gegenüber Hitze und Trockenheit. Folgende Anpassungsstrategien wurden diskutiert: 1) Wasserauffang- und Rückhaltebecken; 2) Regelung der Wasserrechte; 3) Tröpfchenbewässerung, „deficit irrigation“ oder auch Verzicht auf Bewässerung; 4) Sorten mit hohem Wasserausnutzungsgrad (WUE); 5) geringe Pflanzdichten/extensiver Anbau; 6) Senkung der Evapotranspiration, z. B. durch Beschattung mit Schattier- oder Hagelnetzen; 7) Verzicht auf Bodenbearbeitung; 8) Kurzhalten des Grasaufwuchses oder cover crop im Winter aufgrund von Wasser- und Nährstoffkonkurrenz sowie Brandgefahr; 9) bei Oliven Einbringen von geschreddertem Schnittholz (statt Verbrennen) und 10) der Pressrückstände bzw. -kuchen sowie 11) im Weinbau Anbauverschiebung in nördliche Bergregionen. Ein Teil dieser Maßnahmen bedeutet einen Bruch mit althergebrachten Traditionen, da sowohl das Pflügen bzw. die Bodenbearbeitung als auch das Verbrennen von Schnittholz in Olivenhainen im Besitz der älteren Landbevölkerung in manchen Regionen Griechenlands nicht wegzudenken sind und aus einer Zeit stammen, als Schredder noch unbekannt waren. Die vielversprechenden Ansätze im Mittelmeerraum können auch ein Umdenken im Obstbau und den Beginn einer neuen Ära bedeuten, wenn neben der Erzeugung hochwertiger Früchte Klima- bzw. CO2-relevante Aspekte bei den Kultur- und Pflegemaßnahmen berücksichtigt und entlohnt werden.
Opposing patterns in self-reported and measured physical activity levels in middle-aged adults
Authors: Luo Jin , Lee Raymond Y. W. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPhysical activity brings significant health benefits to middle-aged adults, although the research to date has been focused on late adulthood. This study aims to examine how ageing affects the self-reported and accelerometer-derived measures of physical activity levels in middle-aged adults. We employed the data recorded in the UK Biobank and analysed the physical activity levels of 2,998 participants (1381 men and 1617 women), based on self-completion questionnaire and accelerometry measurement of physical activity. We also assessed the musculoskeletal health of the participants using the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measurements provided by the UK Biobank. Participants were categorised into three groups according to their age: group I younger middle-aged (40 to 49 years), group II older middle-aged (50 to 59 years), and group III oldest middle-aged (60 to 69 years). Self-reported physical activity level increased with age and was the highest in group III, followed by group II and I (P < 0.05). On the contrary, physical activity measured by accelerometry decreased significantly with age from group I to III (P < 0.05), and the same pertained to the measurements of musculoskeletal health (P < 0.05). It was also shown that middle-aged adults mostly engaged in low and moderate intensity activities. The opposing trends of the self-reported and measured physical activity levels may suggest that middle-aged adults over-report their activity level as they age. They should be aware of the difference between their perceived and actual physical activity levels, and objective measures would be useful to prevent the decline in musculoskeletal health.
Evaluation of pounding effects between reinforced concrete frames subjected to far-field earthquakes in terms of damage index
Authors: Hosseini S. H. , Naderpour H. , Vahdani R. , Jankowski R. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this paper, three different damage indexes were used to detect nonlinear damages in two adjacent Reinforced Concrete (RC) structures considering pounding effects. 2-, 4- and 8-story benchmark RC Moment Resisting Frames (MRFs) were selected for this purpose with 60%, 75%, and 100% of minimum separation distance and also without any in-between separation gap. These structures were analyzed using the incremental dynamic analysis method under 44 far-field ground motion records. Comparison of the results between the MRFs with and without considering pounding effects show that collisions lead to a decrease in the values of coefficient of determination and the nonlinear damage occurs in lower seismic intensity. As a result, using the damage indexes, nonlinear damages can be detected during a specific seismic intensity. Moreover, considering a minimum separation distance leads to an increase in the coefficient of determination between the damage index and the maximum story drift ratio. Furthermore, due to pounding, shorter MRFs are damaged more significantly than the taller structures.
Nonlinear size-dependent modeling and dynamics of nanocrystalline arc resonators
Authors: Hajjaj Amal Z. , Ortiz Jonathan , Abdelkefi Abdessattar 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe adequate modeling of the micro/nano arc resonators' dynamics is vital for their successful implementation. Here, a size-dependent model, wherein material structure, porosity, and micro-rotation effects of the grains are considered, is derived by combining the couple stress theory, multi-phase model, and the classical Euler–Bernoulli beam model, aiming to characterize the frequency tunability of micro/nano arc resonators as monitoring either the axial load or the electrostatic force for the first time. The arc dimensions are optimized to show various phenomena in the same arc, namely snap-through, crossing, and veering. The first three natural frequencies are monitored, showing the size dependency on the frequency tuning, snap-through/back, and pull-in instability as shrinking the scale from micro- to nano-scale. Significant changes in the static snap-through and pull-in voltages and the resonance frequencies were shown as scale shrinks. A dynamic analysis of the resonator's vibration shows a dramatic effect of the size-dependency as shrinking dimensions around the veering zone.
The positivity principle: do positive instructors improve learning from video lectures?
Authors: Lawson Alyssa P. , Mayer Richard E. , Adamo-Villani Nicoletta , Benes Bedrich , Lei Xingyu , Cheng Justin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe positivity principle states that people learn better from instructors who display positive emotions rather than negative emotions. In two experiments, students viewed a short video lecture on a statistics topic in which an instructor stood next to a series of slides as she lectured and then they took either an immediate test (Experiment 1) or a delayed test (Experiment 2). In a between-subjects design, students saw an instructor who used her voice, body movement, gesture, facial expression, and eye gaze to display one of four emotions while lecturing: happy (positive/active), content (positive/passive), frustrated (negative/active), or bored (negative/passive). First, learners were able to recognize the emotional tone of the instructor in an instructional video lecture, particularly by more strongly rating a positive instructor as displaying positive emotions and a negative instructor as displaying negative emotions (in Experiments 1 and 2). Second, concerning building a social connection during learning, learners rated a positive instructor as more likely to facilitate learning, more credible, and more engaging than a negative instructor (in Experiments 1 and 2). Third, concerning cognitive engagement during learning, learners reported paying more attention during learning for a positive instructor than a negative instructor (in Experiments 1 and 2). Finally, concerning learning outcome, learners who had a positive instructor scored higher than learners who had a negative instructor on a delayed posttest (Experiment 2) but not an immediate posttest (Experiment 1). Overall, there is evidence for the positivity principle and the cognitive-affective model of e-learning from which it is derived.
Breeding Late Blight Resistant Potatoes for Organic Farming—a Collaborative Model of Participatory Plant Breeding: the Bioimpuls Project
Authors: Keijzer P. , van Bueren E. T. Lammerts , Engelen C. J. M. , Hutten R. C. B. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn organic potato production, the need for varieties with durable late blight resistance developed through classical breeding programmes is urgent. Besides late blight resistance, other variety characteristics needed in organic potato production are early canopy closure for weed suppression and good tuber dormancy to eliminate the need for (chemical) sprouting inhibition during storage, amongst others. This paper is a unique example of collaboration between researchers, farmers and professional breeders of both large, medium and small breeding companies. The aim of the resulting breeding project, Bioimpuls, was to provide a substantial impulse to both the organic and conventional potato breeding sector by enlarging the access to various sources of late blight resistance. The Bioimpuls activities include providing true seed populations for variety selection with five available sources ofR-genes againstPhytophthora infestans, early and advanced introgression breeding with six newR-genes, and education and communication. The results achieved over the 11-year period (2009–2019) are analysed. Many true seed populations containing multiple resistance genes are produced and selected, and a constant flow of breeding clones is entering the evaluation and positioning trials of companies. However, it will still take a considerable amount of time before varieties with stacked resistance genes will replace the new resistant single gene varieties entering the market in the next few years. Five out of six new sources ofR-genes need more years of backcrossing before they are ready for commercial use. Bioimpuls successfully introduced a training course for farmer breeders, and published a manual for potato breeding.