bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synergistic Enhancement of Photocatalytic Performance of Mesoporous TiO2 enabled by Tunable Crystal Phase and Hybridization with Graphene Oxide
Authors: Yuan Xiaomin , Wang Xiao , Zhang Shaoyu , Dong Xianming , Zhang Shengsen , Zhou Wuyi , Zhang Chaoqun , Luo Ying 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTailoring photocatalytic performance of TiO2 through tuning crystal phase and hybridization is a big challenge in the field of photocatalytic application. In this study, the mesoporous TiO2 (M‐TiO2) particles with tunable crystal phase were synthesized using rape pollen as the bio‐template with and without acid treatment. It was found that the acidification pretreatment of pollen template had obvious effect on the crystal phase of TiO2. The pure anatase titanium dioxides (MA‐TiO2) were prepared using the pure pollen as the template, while those using the acidified pollen template were anatase and rutile polycrystalline titanium dioxide (MAR‐TiO2) which exhibited better catalytic activity. Furthermore, the hybridization between MAR‐TiO2 and graphene oxide (MAR‐TiO2/GO) were achieved by the hydrothermal methods and their photocatalytic performance was studied by the degradation of methyl orange (MO) under ultraviolet and visible light. Compared with MAR‐TiO2, the MAR‐TiO2/GO nano‐composites possessed large specific surface area and narrow band gap due to the synergetic effect between MAR‐TiO2 and GO, which increased photocatalytic activity towards the photo‐degradation of MO under ultraviolet and visible light. The degradation rates of MAR‐TiO2/GO under UV light and visible light were 92 % in 105 min and 97 % in 540 min, respectively.
Efficient Green Protocols for the Preparation of Pyrazolopyrimidines
Authors: Kumar Hansal , Das Rudradip , Choithramani Asmita , Gupta Astha , Khude Datta , Bothra Gourav , Shard Amit 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPyrazolopyrimidine with all its isoforms occupy a noteworthy position in medicinal chemistry owing to their proven dominance in the modulation of a vast array of biological receptors, thereby mitigating numerous pathological conditions. The development of sustainable protocols, which integrate the principles of green chemistry in the synthesis process although challenging, offers the most appropriate way to conduct the sustainable synthesis of pyrazolopyrimidines. Due to the effectiveness of this nucleus and striking similarity to purines, they have been accessed using green as well as non‐green protocols. Analytical techniques like 2D NMR has been employed for the confirmation of pyrazolopyrimidines and their isomers besides the conventional single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (XRD). Here, considering the rising awareness of sustainable protocols, we aimed at exploring this decade for green protocols for the synthesis of pyrazolopyrimidines and furnished products in excellent yields in this review. Protocols covered in this review include synthesis using green solvent, solvent‐free conditions, green catalyst, and catalyst‐free reactions. Also, synthesis of pyrazolopyrimidines assisted by microwave and ultrasound, as well as ionic liquid mediated synthesis are covered. It is estimated that this review shall throw some light upon the environmentally benign protocols to produce pyrazolopyrimidines which is itself a very important nucleus in the field of medicinal chemistry.
Regioselective Synthesis of Imidazo[1,5‐b]pyridazines by Cascade Cyclizations of 1,2‐Diamino‐4H‐phenylimidazole with 1,3‐Diketones, Acetoacetic Ester and Their Derivatives
Authors: Kruzhilin Alexey A. , Kosheleva Evgeniya A. , Shikhaliev Khidmet S. , Denisov Gleb L. , Vandyshev Dmitriy Yu. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this study we investigated the cascade heterocyclisation reactions of 1,2‐diamino‐4H‐phenylimidazole with dimethylaminomethylidene (ethoxymethylidene) by the derivatives of acetoacetic ester, acetyl acetone, and aryl(hetaryl)butane‐1,3‐diones. As a result of the studied processes 7‐amino‐2‐R‐3‐R1‐5‐phenylimidazo[1,5‐b]pyridazines were obtained, whose structures were proved by means of 1H NMR, 13C NMR, XRS, and NOESY spectroscopy. Heterocyclisation conditions were optimised to obtain target products with high yields. A probable mechanism for regioselective processes was suggested. It was found that three‐component processes with initial diamine, 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds and triethyl orthoformate or dimethylformamide dimethylacetal result in similar products. The yield of these reactions was slightly reduced in comparison to the two‐component processes.
The Emerging of Aqueous Zinc‐Based Dual Electrolytic Batteries
Authors: Dai Chunlong , Hu Linyu , Jin Xuting , Zhao Yang , Qu Liangti 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAs high performance and safety alternatives to the batteries with organic electrolytes, aqueous zinc‐based batteries are still far from satisfactory in practical use because of the limitation of the intercalation reaction mechanism and the strict requirements for the cathodes. Very recently, zinc‐based dual electrolytic batteries (DEBs), where the cathode and anode are both based on reversible electrolytic reactions, are emerging. It features with electrode‐free configuration, thus avoiding the preliminary active materials or electrode fabrication procedures. Meanwhile, the new battery chemistry typically possesses a high specific capacity, output voltage, faster reaction rates, and long cycling life. Herein, the advances of the development of various zinc‐based DEBs, including Zn–MnO2, Zn–Br2, and Zn–I2 DEBs, are systematically summarized. This review will focus on the working mechanisms of these batteries and how the decoupling catholyte and anolyte affect their output voltages. The perspectives of the opportunities and challenges are also suggested in the aspects of protecting zinc anode, enhancing volumetric energy density, suppressing fast self‐discharge, and developing multifunctional integrated zinc‐based DEBs.
Doping Strategies in Sb2S3 Thin Films for Solar Cells
Authors: Myagmarsereejid Purevlkham , Ingram Malaika , Batmunkh Munkhbayar , Zhong Yu Lin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSb2S3 is an attractive solar absorber material that has garnered tremendous interest because of its fascinating properties for solar cells including suitable band gap, high absorption coefficient, earth abundance, and excellent stability. Over the past several years, intensive efforts have been made to enhance the photovoltaic efficiencies of Sb2S3 solar cells using many promising approaches including interfacial engineering, surface passivation, additive engineering, and band‐gap engineering of the charge transport layers and active light absorbing Sb2S3 materials. Recently, doping strategies in Sb2S3 light absorbers have gained attention as they promise to play important roles in controlling band gap, regulating film morphology, and passivating grain boundaries, and thus resulting in enhanced carrier transport, which is one of the most challenging issues in this cutting‐edge research field. In this review, after a brief introduction to Sb2S3, an overview of Sb2S3 solar cells and their fundamental properties are provided. Recent advances in doping strategies in Sb2S3 thin films and solar cells are then discussed to provide in‐depth understanding of the effects of various dopants on the photovoltaic properties of Sb2S3 materials. In conclusion, the personal perspectives and outlook to the future development of Sb2S3 solar cells are provided.
Virus pH‐Dependent Interactions with Cationically Modified Cellulose and Their Application in Water Filtration
Authors: Watts Samuel , Maniura‐Weber Katharina , Siqueira Gilberto , Salentinig Stefan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNorovirus and Rotavirus are among the pathogens causing a large number of disease outbreaks due to contaminated water. These viruses are nanoscale particles that are difficult to remove by common filtration approaches which are based on physical size exclusion, and require adsorption‐based filtration methods. This study reports the pH‐responsive interactions of viruses with cationic‐modified nanocellulose and demonstrates a filter material that adsorbs nanoscale viruses and can be regenerated by changing the solution's pH. The bacteria viruses Qbeta and MS2, with diameters below 30 nm but different surface properties, are used to evaluate the pH‐dependency of the interactions and the filtration process. Small angle X‐ray scattering, cryogenic transmission electron microscopy, and ζ‐potential measurements are used to study the interactions and analyze changes in their nanostructure and surface properties of the virus upon adsorption. The virus removal capacity of the cationic cellulose‐based aerogel filter is 99.9% for MS2 and 93.6% for Qbeta, at pH = 7.0; and desorption of mostly intact viruses occurs at pH = 3.0. The results contribute to the fundamental understanding of pH‐triggered virus‐nanocellulose self‐assembly and can guide the design of sustainable and environmentally friendly adsorption‐based virus filter materials as well as phage and virus‐based materials.
Can N, S Cocoordination Promote Single Atom Catalyst Performance in CO2RR? Fe‐N2S2 Porphyrin versus Fe‐N4 Porphyrin
Authors: Cao Shoufu , Wei Shuxian , Wei Xiaofei , Zhou Sainan , Chen Hongyu , Hu Yuying , Wang Zhaojie , Liu Siyuan , Guo Wenyue , Lu Xiaoqing 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSingle atom catalysts (SACs) are promising electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR), in which the coordination environment plays a crucial role in intrinsic catalytic activity. Taking the regular Fe porphyrin (Fe‐N4 porphyrin) as a probe, the study reveals that the introduction of opposable S atoms into N coordination (Fe‐N2S2 porphyrin) allows for an appropriate electronic structural optimization on active sites. Owing to the additional orbitals around the Fermi level and the abundant Fe orbital occupation after S substitution, N, S cocoordination can effectively tune SACs and thus facilitating protonation of intermediates during CO2RR. CO2RR mechanisms lead to possible C1 products via two‐, six‐, and eight‐electron pathways are systematically elucidated on Fe‐N4 porphyrin and Fe‐N2S2 porphyrin. Fe‐N4 porphyrin yields the most favorable product of HCOOH with a limiting potential of −0.70 V. Fe‐N2S2 porphyrin exhibits low limiting potentials of −0.38 and −0.40 V for HCOOH and CH3OH, respectively, surpassing those of most Cu‐based catalysts and SACs. Hence, the N, S cocoordination might provide better catalytic environment than regular N coordination for SACs in CO2RR. This work demonstrates Fe‐N2S2 porphyrin as a high‐performance CO2RR catalyst, and highlights N, S cocoordination regulation as an effective approach to fine tune high atomically dispersed electrocatalysts.
Confined Magnetic‐Dielectric Balance Boosted Electromagnetic Wave Absorption
Authors: Wang Lei , Huang Mengqiu , Qian Xiang , Liu Lili , You Wenbin , Zhang Jie , Wang Min , Che Renchao 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMagnetic‐dielectric property plays a critical significance for the functional expression toward advanced materials. Within nanoscale, the simultaneous regulation of the electrical and magnetic properties of electromagnetic (EM) wave absorption materials faces huge challenges. Herein, using the metal‐organic frameworks (MOF) as templates, highly‐dispersed ZnO and Co nanoparticles are uniformly confined inside graphited N‐doped carbon skeleton, constructing the balanced EM property in the Co@NC‐ZnO absorbers. Meanwhile, a dynamics and symmetrical morphology optimization of MOF‐derived Co@NC‐ZnO are dependent on the Co/Zn mass ratio and adjusting MOF frameworks, which evolves from the cube, truncated cube, dodecahedron, and to the final microsphere. Simultaneously, both the electronic conduction network and magnetic coupling network are compatible together in the in situ transformed Co@NC‐ZnO system. Boosted magnetic responding ability and unique magnetic coupling are verified by the off‐axis electronic holography. Plentiful heterojunction interfaces and special electronic conduction paths can be built in this Co‐Zn‐MOF derivatives, facilitating the dielectric loss behaviors. As expected, MOF‐derived Co@NC‐ZnO absorber displays outstanding EM wave absorption ability with strongest reflection loss value of −69.6 dB at only 1.9 mm thickness and wideband absorption covering 6.8 GHz at 2.4 mm. Confined EM balance provides new design strategy toward MOF‐derived excellent MA materials and functional devices.
Sulfate Ions Induced Concave Porous S‐N Co‐Doped Carbon Confined FeCx Nanoclusters with Fe‐N4 Sites for Efficient Oxygen Reduction in Alkaline and Acid Media
Authors: Jin Huihui , Zhao Xin , Liang Lvhan , Ji Pengxia , Liu Bingshuai , Hu Chenxi , He Daping , Mu Shichun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTo improve the catalytic activity of the catalysts, it is key to intensifying the intrinsic activity of active sites or increasing the exposure of accessible active sites. In this work, an efficient oxygen reduction electrocatalyst is designed that confines plentiful FeCx nanoclusters with Fe‐N4 sites in a concave porous S‐N co‐doped carbon matrix, readily accessible for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Sulfate ions react with the carbon derived from ZIF‐8 at high temperatures, leading to the shrinkage of the carbon framework and then forming a concave structure with abundant macropores and mesopores with S incorporation. Such an architecture promotes the exposure of active sites and accelerates remote mass transfer. As a result, the catalyst (Fe/S‐NC) with a large number of C‐S‐C, Fe‐N4, and FeCx nanoclusters presents impressive ORR activity and stability. In alkaline media, the half‐wave potential of the best catalyst (Fe/S2‐NC) is 0.91 V, which far exceeds that of commercial platinum carbon (0.85 V), while in acidic media the half‐wave potential reaches 0.784 V, comparable to platinum carbon (0.812 V). Furthermore, for the zinc‐air battery, the outstanding peak power density of Fe/S2‐NC (170 mW cm−2) superior to platinum carbon (108 mW cm−2) also highlights its great application potential.
Bean‐Pod‐Inspired 3D‐Printed Phase Change Microlattices for Solar‐Thermal Energy Harvesting and Storage
Authors: Yang Zhengpeng , Jia Shengmin , Niu Yutao , Lv Xiaoting , Fu Huili , Zhang Yongyi , Liu Dapeng , Wang Bin , Li Qingwen 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEffective and reliable encapsulation of phase change materials (PCMs) is essential and critical to the high‐performance solar‐thermal energy harvesting and storage. However, challenges remain pertaining to manufacturing scalability, high efficiency in energy storage/release, and anti‐leakage of melted PCMs. Herein, inspired by natural legume, a facile and scalable extrusion‐based core‐sheath 3D printing strategy is demonstrated for directly constructing bean‐pod‐structured octadecane (OD)/graphene (BOG) phase change microlattices, with regular porous configuration as well as individual and effective encapsulation of OD “beans” into highly interconnected graphene network wrapping layer built by closely stacked and aligned graphene sheets. The unique architectural features enable the ready spreading of light into the interior of phase change microlattice, a high transversal thermal conductivity of 1.67 W m−1 K−1, and rapid solar‐thermal energy harvesting and transfer, thereby delivering a high solar‐thermal energy storage efficiency, and a large phase change enthalpy of 190 J g−1 with 99.1% retention after 200 cycles. Most importantly, such encapsulated PCMs feature an exceptional thermal reliability and stability, with no leakage and shape variation even at 1000 thermal cycles and partial damage of BOG. This work validates the feasibility of scalably printing practical encapsulated PCMs, which may revolutionize the fabrication of composite PCMs for solar‐thermal energy storage devices.
A Photosensitive Polymeric Carrier with a Renewable Singlet Oxygen Reservoir Regulated by Two NIR Beams for Enhanced Antitumor Phototherapy
Authors: Yang Chun , Su Meihui , Luo Pei , Liu Yanan , Yang Feng , Li Changhua 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT), which utilizes photosensitizer to convert molecular oxygen into singlet oxygen (1O2) upon laser irradiation to ablate tumors, will exacerbate the already oxygen shortage of most solid tumors and is thus self‐limiting. Herein, a sophisticated photosensitive polymeric material (An‐NP) that allows sustained 1O2 generation and sufficient oxygen supply during the entire phototherapy is engineered by alternatively applying PDT and photothermal therapy (PTT) controlled by two NIR laser beams. In addition to a photosensitizer that generates 1O2, An‐NP consists of two other key components: a molecularly designed anthracene derivative capable of trapping/releasing 1O2 with superior reversibility and a dye J‐aggregate with superb photothermal performance. Thus, in 655 nm laser‐triggered PDT process, An‐NP generates abundant 1O2 with extra 1O2 being trapped via the conversion into EPO‐NP; while in the subsequent 785 nm laser‐driven PTT process, the converted EPO‐NP undergoes thermolysis to liberate the captured 1O2 and regenerates An‐NP. The intratumoral oxygen level can be replenished during the PTT cycle for the next round of PDT to generate 1O2. The working principle and phototherapy efficacy are preliminarily demonstrated in living cells and tumor‐bearing mice, respectively.
Supramolecular Assembly with Near‐Infrared Emission for Two‐Photon Mitochondrial Targeted Imaging
Authors: Shen Fang‐Fang , Chen Yong , Xu Xiufang , Yu Hua‐Jiang , Wang Haoran , Liu Yu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTwo‐photon supramolecular assembly with near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescence emission is constructed from tetraphenylethene derivative possessing methoxyl and vinyl pyridine salt (TPE‐2SP), cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]), and β‐cyclodextrin modified hyaluronic acid (HA‐CD). The obtained experimental results indicate that the TPE‐2SP exhibits a very weak fluorescence emission at 650 nm, and then complexes with cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) to form 1:2 supramolecular pseudorotaxane with an enhanced NIR fluorescence emission at 660 nm. Compared with CB[7], CB[8] can assemble with TPE‐2SP to be two‐axial netlike pseudopolyrotaxane, resulting in close packing to increase TPE‐2SP fluorescence emission with a redshift of 30 nm. Interestingly, TPE‐2SP/CB[8] continues to assemble with cancer cell targeting agent HA‐CD into nanoparticles, leading to assembling‐induced further enhancement of NIR emission. Surprisingly, supramolecular nanoparticles have the two‐photon character, and are successfully applied to mitochondrial targeting imaging. This supramolecular assembly system, with two‐photon absorption and assembly‐induced enhanced NIR luminescence properties, opens new way for biological targeted imaging.
An Ultra‐Simple Charge Supplementary Strategy for High Performance Rotary Triboelectric Nanogenerators
Authors: Feng Hongqing , Bai Yuan , Qiao Lei , Li Zhe , Wang Engui , Chao Shengyu , Qu Xuecheng , Cao Yu , Liu Zhuo , Han Xi , Luo Ruizeng , Shan Yizhu , Li Zhou 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFree‐standing rotary triboelectric nanogenerators (rTENG) can accomplish special tasks which require both high voltage and high frequency. However, the reported high performance rTENG all have complex structures for output enhancement. In this work, an ultra‐simple strategy to build high performance rTENG is developed. With only one small paper strip added to the conventional structure, the output of the TENG is promoted hugely. The voltage is triplicated to 2.3 kV, and the current and charge are quintupled to 133 µA and 197 nC, respectively. The small paper strip, with the merits of ultra‐simplicity, wide availability, easy accessibility and low cost, functions as a super‐effective charge supplement. This simple and delicate structure enables ultra‐high durability with the 2.3 kV voltage output 100% maintained after 1 000 000 cycles. This charge supplementary strategy is universally effective for many other materials, and decouples the output enhancement from any friction or contact on the metal electrodes, emphasizing a critical working principle for the rTENG. Atmospheric cold plasma is generated using the paper strip rTENG (ps‐rTENG), which demonstrates strong ability to do bacteria sterilization. This simple and persistent charge supplementary strategy can be easily adopted by other designs to promote the output even further.
Flash‐Induced Ultrafast Production of Graphene/MnO with Extraordinary Supercapacitance
Authors: Zhang Huihui , Yang Dan , Ma Tianyi , Lin Han , Jia Baohua 
Published: June 2021

AbstractProduction of high‐capacitance electrodes beyond the theoretical limit of 550 F g−1 of pure graphene materials is highly desired for energy storage applications, yet remains an open challenge, especially with a facile and simple process. By rational design of reaction condition guided by theoretical analysis, the ultrafast (within millisecond) fabrication of high‐performance graphene/MnO electrodes via a low‐cost and one‐step flash reduction process is proposed and demonstrated. This simple method enables high‐quality porous graphene networks and the effective synthesis of embedding pseudocapacitive‐active MnO nanomaterials simultaneously. Due to the high‐density and homogeneous distribution of MnO nano‐needles on 3D graphene networks, an ultrahigh capacitance (up to 1706 F g−1 based on electrode mass and 2150 F g−1 based on MnO mass only) is demonstrated. Functional supercapacitor prototype further illustrates the broad potential applications enabled by the fabricated electrodes in energy storage, sensing, and catalysts.
Flash Bottom‐Up Arc Synthesis of Nanocarbons as a Universal Route for Fabricating Single‐Atom Electrocatalysts
Authors: Jung Jae Young , Jang Jue‐Hyuk , Kim Jeong‐Gil , Lee Kug‐Seung , Lim Hyung‐Kyu , Kim Pil , Chang Robert P. H. , Park Ji‐Woong , Yoo Sung Jong , Kim Nam Dong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDespite considerable development in the field of single‐atom catalysts (SACs) on carbon‐based materials, the reported strategies for synthesizing SACs generally rely on top‐down approaches, which hinder achieving both simple and universal synthesis routes that are simultaneously applicable to various metals and nanocarbons. Here, a universal strategy for fabricating nanocarbon based‐SACs using a flash bottom‐up arc discharge method to mitigate these issues is reported. The ionization of elements and their recombination process during arc discharge allows the simultaneous incorporation of single metal atoms (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Pt) into the crystalline carbon lattice during the formation of carbon nanohorns (CNHs) and N‐doped arc graphene. The coordination environment around the Co atoms of Co1/CNH can be modulated by a mild post‐treatment with NH3. As a result, Co1/CNH exhibits good oxygen reduction reaction activity, showing a 1.92 times higher kinetic current density value than the commercial Pt/C catalyst in alkaline media. In a single cell experiment, Co1/CNH exhibits the highest maximum power density of 472 mW cm−2 compared to previously reported nonprecious metal‐based SACs.