bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIO IPOJUCA-PE, BRASIL E SUAS ANÁLISES PLUVIOMÉTRICAS
Authors: Medeiros Raimundo Mainar de , Luciano Marcelo Fallé Saboya  , Romildo Morant de Holanda  , Manoel Vieira de França  , Wagner Rodolfo de Araújo  
Published: June 2021

A precipitação tem evento de disseminarem-se heterogeneamente no Globo terrestre, as altercações entre o balanço de radiação nas faixas zonais e a associação à dinâmica atmosférica possibilitam distinção dos regimes das chuvas globalmente difundidas. Objetiva-se analisar estatisticamente a flutuabilidade da precipitação pluvial na área da bacia hidrográfica do rio Ipojuca - PE como fonte alimentadora dos sistemas hidrológico do Estado do Pernambuco. Utilizou-se dos parâmetros estatístico simplificados para calculou-se média, desvio padrão, coeficiente de variância, máximos e mínimas precipitações absolutas, amplitude anual e suas anomalias para o período de 1962-2015. Ocorre crescente variabilidade da precipitação anual e mensal. A variabilidade é maior durante a estação da primavera e verão e menor nas estações inverno e outono. As anomalias positivas são registradas em 7 municípios e as anomalias negativas ocorrem em 18 municípios. A melhoria no conhecimento das condições climáticas locais sobre a ocorrência de eventos extremos de chuva permite o aperfeiçoamento das previsões sazonais, e auxiliam aos tomadores de decisão dos órgãos governamentais a evitar ou tornar mínimo os desastres naturais. A melhoria das condições climáticas locais sobre ocorrência de extremos de chuva permite o aperfeiçoamento das previsões sazonais, e auxiliam aos tomadores de decisão governamentais a evitar ou tornar mínimo os desastres naturais. Em geral verifica-se que o padrão pluvial local sofre influencia de diversos sistemas precipitantes que contribuem para o quantitativo da precipitação local e que suas contribuições estão interligadas aos sistemas de meso e micro escala local com a interação do uso e cobertura do solo.
Does Adopting a Multidisciplinary Approach in the Management of Acute Hip Fractures in Orthopedic Geriatric Patients Lead to Better Outcomes? A Preliminary Report of the University of the Philippines - Philippine General Hospital (UP-PGH) Orthogeriat
Authors: Reyes Paula Veronica S.J. , Tabu Irewin A. , Sandoval Mark Anthony S. , Mangubat Antonio Alan S. , Bing-Agsaoay Dorothy Dy Ching 
Published: June 2021

Objectives. This study is a retrospective cohort that aims to describe the profile of orthopedic geriatric patients aged 60 years old and above with acute hip fractures occurring within one month of admission in the Philippine General Hospital managed by a multidisciplinary team approach.
Methods. Data collection from the database was done to gather information regarding the patient profile, time to surgery, causes for delay in consultation, length of hospital stay, and follow-up rate, since this model was implemented.
Results. Overall, we saw a decrease in the time from admission to surgery and a decrease in the length of hospital stay, when compared to previous data. Follow-up rates and compliance to maintenance medication are at 96% and 72% respectively.
Conclusion. The implementation of a multidisciplinary approach and fracture liaison service presents us with favorable results in addressing hip fractures and osteoporosis.
An Efficient Numerical Simulation of 2D Natural Convection in an Inclined Cavity with Internal Heat Generation Using Differential Quadrature Method
Authors: ALESBE Israa , ALJABAIR Sattar , JALIL Jalal M. 
Published: June 2021

Natural laminar convective fluid flow has been simulated inside inclined rectangular cavities with and without internal heat generation for different aspect ratios and inclination angles. The most important basic dimensionless parameters for this problem are the external Rayleigh number (RaE) and the internal Rayleigh number (RaI), where RaE refers to the effects of the differential heating of the side walls and RaI refers to the amount of heat produced internally. Results were obtained for 4 cases with 192 tests: case (1), RaI = 0 without internal source generation, and cases (2, 3, and 4) with internal source generation for RaI = RaE, 10 RaE, and 100 RaE, respectively. In all cases, the parameters of study changed as 103 ≤ RaE ≤106, 0 ≤ RaI ≤ 107, inclination angle from 0 to 60 deg., and aspect ratios of the enclosure from 0.5 to 2. Results were represented graphically for flow and thermal fields as a streamline, isothermal contours, and Nusselt number. The computed results show that the strength of convection currents is measured by the internal energy. Finally, it is illustrated that by using a few grid points and a shorter CPU time for calculation, the present method can produce accurate numerical results. Also, increase in RaI leads to increasing heat transfer rate and its direction out from the cavity at both hot and cold walls. For lower values of RaI, heat transfer diffusion is more prominent, while for higher values of RaI, convection outweighs diffusion.
HIGHLIGHTS

Natural laminar convective fluid flow inside inclined rectangular cavities with and without internal heat generation for different aspect ratios and inclination angles has been simulated
The most important basic dimensionless parameters, the external Rayleigh number (RaE) and the internal Rayleigh number (RaI) are studied
DQ method performance was excellent
The obtained computational results indicate that the strength of the convection currents depends on the internal energy
Accurate numerical results can be obtained by the present method using a few grid points and shorter CPU time for calculation

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Enhanced Surface Hardness of Commercially Pure Titanium by Pack Carburization with Rubberwood Charcoal and Rubberwood Ash
Authors: KONKHUNTHOT Natthaphong , BURANAPIMA Patcharanut , BOONNITEE Patipan , MASAE Mahamasuhaimi , KONGSONG Peerawas 
Published: June 2021

In the present work, pack carburization with rubberwood charcoal and rubberwood ash at 925 °C for 6, 12, and 24 h was carried out to improve the surface hardness of commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti). X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive spectrometer analyses revealed the formation of titanium carbide (TiC) and the existence of oxygen diffusion in the carburized surface. The surface hardness of most optimized conditions has remarkably increased by 481 % as compared to untreated CP-Ti (from 175 HV to 1016 HV) due to the TiC surface layer, while the hardened oxygen diffusion layer of about 300 μm in-depth, as clearly seen in the microhardness profiles is useful for increased load-bearing capacity. Consequently, pack carburization with rubberwood charcoal and rubberwood ash is a promising surface modification technique, which can significantly enhance the surface hardness and increase the load-bearing capacity of CP-Ti for biomedical and tribological applications.
HIGHLIGHTS

Rubberwood charcoal and ash are a new carbon source to fabricate the TiC layer on CP-Ti.
Formation of the TiC layer remarkably enhances the surface hardness of CP-Ti by 481 %.
The hardened oxygen diffusion layer is beneficial to load-bearing and anti-wear capacity.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Vakdidactisch onderzoek naar grammaticaonderwijs in Nederland
Authors: Coppen Peter-Arno , van Rijt Jimmy , Wijnands Astrid , Dielemans Roy 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In dit artikel wordt een overzicht gegeven van drie samenhangende vakdidactische onderzoeksprojecten op het gebied van het grammaticaonderwijs. In het eerste deel zal het grammaticaonderwijs in een breder perspectief van taalbeschouwingsonderwijs en in een internationaal perspectief geschetst worden, en zal het begrip fundamenteel vakdidactisch onderzoek nader toegelicht worden. Het tweede deel beschrijft de afzonderlijke onderzoeksprojecten. Doordat de onderzoeksprojecten zich in verschillende stadia van ontwikkeling bevinden, valt deze beschrijving voor het ene project wat korter uit dan voor het andere.
Indigenous peoples’ human rights, self-determination and local governance – Part 1
Authors: Ed Wensing  
Published: June 2021

This is the first of two articles exploring the international human rights framework as it relates to Indigenous peoples’ land rights and interests, with a focus on Australia. Over the past 30 years, the international community has increasingly recognised that special attention needs to be paid to the individual and collective rights of Indigenous peoples, as they are among the world’s most marginalised peoples. For a long time, the Indigenous peoples of the world have used the international human rights system to tackle discrimination and abuses of their rights, and the United Nations has increasingly become a place for them to voice their concerns.
In Australia, there has been a long-running debate about the lack of recognition of the First Peoples in Australia’s Constitution. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples are increasingly demanding that the full suite of international human rights norms and standards are applicable to their affairs and to dealings with them, including the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.
This first article discusses the international human rights framework as it relates to the Indigenous peoples of Australia. The second article will take a closer look at how the land rights and interests of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples are being recognised at the national and state jurisdictional levels within Australia, with reference to recent comparable actions in Canada and New Zealand.
Stability Analysis of Lotka-Volterra Model in The Case of Interaction of Local Religion and Official Religion
Authors: Hidayati Tri , Kurniawan Wiwit 
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this research is to examine the interaction of local religions and official religions using the Lotka Volterra equation model. This study uses a literature study, which means that all the material in this study is taken, collected and compiled from various existing book sources. The steps in this study are to find the equilibrium point of each equation, then examine the behavior of each equilibrium point obtained. In this study, an analytical study of the prey population model has three equilibrium points, namely and . The stability of the interaction between local religions and official religions is achieved at an equilibrium . From this it shows that the interaction of official religion and local religion does not necessarily lead to the extinction of a religion. The interaction of local religious and official religion there is a point of equilibrium, where the social reality they can work in harmony.
Evaluation of ocean dimethylsulfide concentration and emission in CMIP6 models
Authors: Bock Josué , Michou Martine , Nabat Pierre , Abe Manabu , Mulcahy Jane P. , Olivié Dirk J. L. , Schwinger Jörg , Suntharalingam Parvadha , Tjiputra Jerry , van Hulten Marco , Watanabe Michio , Yool Andrew , Séférian Roland 
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Characteristics and trends of surface ocean dimethylsulfide (DMS) concentrations and fluxes into the atmosphere of four Earth system models (ESMs:
CNRM-ESM2-1, MIROC-ES2L, NorESM2-LM, and UKESM1-0-LL) are analysed over the recent past (1980–2009) and into the future, using Coupled Model
Intercomparison Project 6 (CMIP6) simulations. The DMS concentrations in historical simulations systematically underestimate the most widely used
observed climatology but compare more favourably against two recent observation-based datasets. The models better reproduce observations in mid to
high latitudes, as well as in polar and westerlies marine biomes. The resulting multi-model estimate of contemporary global ocean DMS emissions is
16–24 Tg S yr−1, which is narrower than the observational-derived range of 16 to 28 Tg S yr−1. The four models
disagree on the sign of the trend of the global DMS flux from 1980 onwards, with two models showing an increase and two models a decrease. At the
global scale, these trends are dominated by changes in surface DMS concentrations in all models, irrespective of the air–sea flux parameterisation
used. In turn, three models consistently show that changes in DMS concentrations are correlated with changes in marine productivity; however, marine productivity is poorly constrained in the current generation of ESMs, thus limiting the predictive ability of this relationship. In contrast, a consensus
is found among all models over polar latitudes where an increasing trend is predominantly driven by the retreating sea-ice extent. However, the
magnitude of this trend between models differs by a factor of 3, from 2.9 to 9.2 Gg S decade−1 over the period 1980–2014, which is
at the low end of a recent satellite-derived analysis. Similar increasing trends are found in climate projections over the 21st century.
Conventional subsoil irrigation techniques do not lower carbon emissions from drained peat meadows
Authors: Weideveld Stefan Theodorus Johannes , Liu Weier , van den Berg Merit , Lamers Leon Peter Maria , Fritz Christian 
Published: June 2021

Abstract. The focus of current water management in drained peatlands is to facilitate
optimal drainage, which has led to soil subsidence and a strong increase in
greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The Dutch land and water authorities
proposed the application of subsoil irrigation (SSI) system on a large
scale to potentially reduce GHG emissions, while maintaining high biomass
production. Based on model results, the expectation was that SSI would
reduce peat decomposition in summer by preventing groundwater tables (GWTs)
from dropping below −60 cm. In 2017–2018, we evaluated the effects of SSI on GHG
emissions (CO2, CH4, N2O) for four dairy farms on drained
peat meadows in the Netherlands. Each farm had a treatment site with SSI
installation and a control site drained only by ditches (ditch water level
−60 / −90 cm, 100 m distance between ditches). The SSI system consisted of
perforated pipes −70 cm from surface level with spacing of 5–6 m to improve
drainage during winter–spring and irrigation in summer. GHG emissions were
measured using closed chambers every 2–4 weeks for CO2, CH4 and
N2O. Measured ecosystem respiration (Reco) only showed a small
difference between SSI and control sites when the GWT of SSI sites were
substantially higher than the control site (> 20 cm difference).
Over all years and locations, however, there was no significant difference
found, despite the 6–18 cm higher GWT in summer and 1–20 cm lower GWT in
wet conditions at SSI sites. Differences in mean annual GWT remained low
(< 5 cm). Direct comparison of measured N2O and CH4 fluxes
between SSI and control sites did not show any significant differences.
CO2 fluxes varied according to temperature and management events,
while differences between control and SSI sites remained small. Therefore,
there was no difference between the annual gap-filled net ecosystem exchange
(NEE) of the SSI and control sites. The net ecosystem carbon balance (NECB)
was on average 40 and 30 t CO2 ha−1 yr−1 in 2017 and 2018 on the
SSI sites and 38 and 34 t CO2 ha−1 yr−1 in 2017 and 2018 on the
control sites. This lack of SSI effect is probably because the GWT increase
remains limited to deeper soil layers (60–120 cm depth), which contribute
little to peat oxidation. We conclude that SSI modulates water table dynamics but fails to lower
annual carbon emission. SSI seems unsuitable as a climate mitigation
strategy. Future research should focus on potential effects of GWT
manipulation in the uppermost organic layers (−30 cm and higher) on GHG
emissions from drained peatlands.
The AntSMB dataset: a comprehensive compilation of surface mass balance field observations over the Antarctic Ice Sheet
Authors: Wang Yetang , Ding Minghu , Reijmer Carleen H. , Smeets Paul C. J. P. , Hou Shugui , Xiao Cunde 
Published: June 2021

Abstract. A comprehensive compilation of observed records is needed
for accurate quantification of surface mass balance (SMB) over Antarctica,
which is a key challenge for calculation of Antarctic contribution to global
sea level change. Here, we present the AntSMB dataset: a new
quality-controlled dataset of a variety of published field measurements of
the Antarctic Ice Sheet SMB by means of stakes, snow pits, ice cores,
ultrasonic sounders, and ground-penetrating radar (GPR). The dataset
collects 3579 individual multi-year-averaged observations, 687 annually
resolved time series from 675 sites extending back over the past 1000 years, and
daily resolved records covering 245 years from 32 sites across the whole ice
sheet. These records are derived from ice cores, snow pits, stakes/stake
farms, and ultrasonic sounders. Furthermore, GPR multi-year-averaged
measurements are included in the dataset, covering an area of 22 025 km2. This is the first ice-sheet-scale compilation of SMB records at
different temporal (daily, annual, and multi-year) resolutions from multiple
types of measurement and is available at
https://doi.org/10.11888/Glacio.tpdc.271148 (Wang et al., 2021). The
database has potentially wide applications such as the investigation of
temporal and spatial variability in SMB, model validation, assessment of
remote sensing retrievals, and data assimilation. As a case of model
estimation, records of the AntSMB dataset are used to assess the performance
of ERA5 for temporal and spatial variability in SMB over Antarctica.
Quantifying the effects of urban green space on water partitioning and ages using an isotope-based ecohydrological model
Authors: Gillefalk Mikael , Tetzlaff Dörthe , Hinkelmann Reinhard , Kuhlemann Lena-Marie , Smith Aaron , Meier Fred , Maneta Marco P. , Soulsby Chris 
Published: June 2021

Abstract. The acceleration of urbanization requires sustainable, adaptive management strategies for land and water use in cities. Although the effects of buildings and sealed surfaces on urban runoff generation and local climate are well known, much less is known about the role of water partitioning in urban green spaces. In particular, little is quantitatively known about how different vegetation types of urban green spaces (lawns, parks, woodland, etc.) regulate partitioning of precipitation into evaporation, transpiration and groundwater recharge and how this partitioning is affected by sealed surfaces. Here, we integrated field observations with advanced, isotope-based ecohydrological modelling at a plot-scale site in Berlin, Germany. Soil moisture and sap flow, together with stable isotopes in precipitation, soil water and groundwater recharge, were measured over the course of one growing season under three generic types of urban green space: trees, shrub and grass. Additionally, an eddy flux tower at the site continuously collected hydroclimate data. These data have been used as input and for calibration of the process-based ecohydrological model EcH2O-iso. The model tracks stable isotope ratios and water ages in various stores (e.g. soils and groundwater) and fluxes (evaporation, transpiration and recharge). Green water fluxes in evapotranspiration increased in the order shrub (381±1mm)<grass(434±21mm)<trees(489±30 mm), mainly driven by higher interception and transpiration. Similarly, ages of stored water and fluxes were generally older under trees than shrub or grass. The model also showed how the interface between sealed surfaces and green space creates edge effects in the form of “infiltration hotspots”. These can both enhance evapotranspiration and increase groundwater recharge. For example, in our model, transpiration from trees increased by ∼ 50 % when run-on from an adjacent sealed surface was present and led to groundwater recharge even during the growing season, which was not the case under trees without run-on. The results form an important basis for future upscaling studies by showing that vegetation management needs to be considered within sustainable water and land use planning in urban areas to build resilience in cities to climatic and other environmental change.
Xây dựng kỹ thuật xác định tính đa hình của gen MTHFR ứng dụng trong tiên lượng tình trạng sảy thai liên tiếp
Authors: Thị Ngọc Lan Phan , Thị Tĩnh Nguyễn , Thị Huyền Trang Trần , Quốc Hoàn Phan 
Published: June 2021

Mục tiêu: Nghiên cứu này được thực hiện nhằm phát triển phương pháp xét nghiệm nhanh và chính xác các đa hình tại 2 điểm 677 và 1298 của gen MTHFR bằng phương pháp realtime PCR và bước đầu đánh giá giá trị của xét nghiệm đa hình kiểu gen trong chẩn đoán và định hướng điều trị sảy thai liên tiếp. Đối tượng và phương pháp: Nghiên cứu mô tả theo dõi dọc. Phương pháp xét nghiệm realtime PCR được xây dựng và tối ưu, sau đó được đánh giá so sánh với phương pháp sử dụng bộ kit thương mại CVD StripAssay® T (ViennaLab). 200 mẫu người bình thường được thu thập để xác định tỷ lệ kiểu gen của quần thể và 48 mẫu bệnh nhân có tiền sử sảy thai liên tục được sử dụng để đánh giá ảnh hưởng của đa hình tại 2 điểm 677 và 1298 của gen MTHFR. Kết quả và kết luận: Nghiên cứu cho thấy phương pháp realtime PCR được phát triển có khả năng xác định chính xác các đa hình của gen MTHFR với nồng độ DNA mẫu thấp (2-5ng/µL) với ưu điểm nhanh và hạn chế tín hiệu nhiễu. Nghiên cứu cũng đưa ra mô hình kiểu gen MTHFR với 2 điểm đột biến 677 và 1298 ở quần thể người Việt Nam. Đồng thời cho thấy có một mối tương quan giữa tỷ lệ kiểu gen dị hợp tử cao với tình trạng bệnh lý sảy thai liên tục ở nữ giới. Từ đó cho thấy việc xác định kiểu gen MTHFR là một marker tiềm năng để xác định nguyên nhân vô sinh ở nữ giới, dự đoán tình trạng sảy thai cũng như đưa ra phương pháp điều trị thích hợp.
Từ khóa: Sảy thai tái diễn, đa hình MTHFR, tỷ lệ kiểu gen.
فاعلية العلاقات العامة في التوعية بمخاطر ظاهرة العنف الطلابي بمؤسسات التعليم العالي
Authors: د. الرشيد داؤد ادم سليمان  
Published: June 2021

The researcher aimed in this study to highlight some of the causes and motivates of student’s violence, and finding out the effectiveness of public relations programs in raising awareness about the risks of student violence in institutions of higher education. the researcher has used study survey methodology and comprehensive inventory The research community consists from all public relations staff in Omdurman Islamic University The study sample was selected by used the comprehensive inventory method and it is number was (15) individuals. The researcher has used a questionnaire as a main tool to know the researchers point of view the data was analyzed through the SPSS program and the most important result are:
1-the study confirmed that the first responsible to find solution for the phenomenon of student violence in Sudanese higher institutions is the deanship of students affairs and it is working to educate the student about the important of practicing democracy and dialogue values , the study proved that one of the main reason causes student violence is political organizations and their activities and the student themselves and their unconscious involvement in political works in universities according to the vision of their political parties.
The most important recommendations:-the public relations should work closely with the deanship of students affairs to instill the values of fellowship, brotherhood ,love, tolerance and friendship among students, activate the role of the public relations department in the Sudanese universities and give it greater power so that it can participate the senior management in decision making, and it must be the first responsible to provide solution to solve students violence the PRs must train the university guards and define their roles and tasks accurately because they are so close to the students.