bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrastructural analysis in yeast reveals a meiosis-specific actin-containing nuclear bundle
Authors: Takagi Tomoko , Osumi Masako , Shinohara Akira 
Published: August 2021

AbstractActin polymerises to form filaments/cables for motility, transport, and the structural framework in a cell. Recent studies show that actin polymers are present not only in the cytoplasm but also in the nuclei of vertebrate cells. Here, we show, by electron microscopic observation with rapid freezing and high-pressure freezing, a unique bundled structure containing actin in the nuclei of budding yeast cells undergoing meiosis. The nuclear bundle during meiosis consists of multiple filaments with a rectangular lattice arrangement, often showing a feather-like appearance. The bundle was immunolabelled with an anti-actin antibody and was sensitive to an actin-depolymerising drug. Similar to cytoplasmic bundles, nuclear bundles are rarely seen in premeiotic cells and spores and are induced during meiotic prophase-I. The formation of the nuclear bundle is independent of DNA double-stranded breaks. We speculate that nuclear bundles containing actin play a role in nuclear events during meiotic prophase I.
Parents' Perceptions of the Overall Impact of Stuttering on Young Children
Authors: Guttormsen Linn Stokke , Yaruss J. Scott , Næss Kari-Anne Bottegård 
Published: August 2021

Introduction
Research has revealed the presence of emotional, behavioral, and cognitive reactions in young children who stutter; however, prior studies have not examined the overall impact of stuttering on young children's lives. Such information is necessary for improving understanding of how stuttering affects young children and for ensuring appropriate early intervention.

Method
This study employed an adaptation of the Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering for School-Age Children that was designed to ask parents about their perceptions of the impact of stuttering on their young children. Thirty-eight parents of young children who stutter (2–5 years of age) provided their perceptions of the impact of stuttering on their children. Parents rated how certain they were in their judgments using a 5-point scale to provide an indication of their confidence in proxy ratings of impact.

Results
Results indicated that, on average, parents perceived that stuttering affected their children negatively. Qualitatively, parents provided descriptions of the impact of stuttering on their children's quality of life, communication difficulties across people and situations, and reactions to stuttering; they also commented on their own feelings and strategies for handling impact. On average, parents perceived themselves to be certain in rating the impact of stuttering on their children.

Conclusions
Results indicated that parents identified adverse impact in their children's lives. Even though parents considered themselves to be certain in their impact ratings, clinicians and researchers should also assess the perspective of the children if appropriate. This is because present findings reveal that parents may not have insight into all aspects of impact, in particular, cognitive reactions to stuttering. Still, parents' perceptions of impact are important for clinicians to consider when giving recommendations for therapy, as they can provide important insight into the family's needs.
Perceptions of African American English by Students in Speech-Language Pathology Programs
Authors: Hendricks Alison Eisel , Watson-Wales Makayla , Reed Paul E. 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
Despite the increased awareness that all dialects are valid linguistic forms, perceptions of African American English (AAE) use are often negative in the general population. Students training for careers as speech-language pathologists (SLPs) are required to have coursework relating to cultural and linguistic diversity. However, little is known about the perceptions of AAE among students in SLP programs.

Method
Seventy-three students from 46 randomly selected university programs in the United States completed an online survey including explicit statements regarding the validity of AAE and a matched-guide task assessing participants' implicit perceptions of AAE. Participants were randomly assigned to one of four audio pairings that differed in terms of the dialect spoken and the formality of the conversational context. Participants rated the speaker on 11 attributes (e.g., literate/illiterate, rich/poor) using the Revised Speech Dialect Attitudinal Scale.

Results
Participants indicated positive opinions of statements on the validity of AAE. However, across three categories of personal attributes—sociointellectual, aesthetic, and dynamism—participants who heard the Mainstream American English recordings rated the speaker differently than recordings including AAE.

Conclusions
Students in SLP programs express positive opinions regarding AAE, and yet, they rate speakers who speak AAE lower in personal attributes. The results highlight the importance of expanding training for future SLPs to include not only explicit statements about the value of AAE but also activities addressing implicit perceptions of dialect use. We provide a brief discussion of how the current data can be implemented for such an activity. Lesson plans and materials are provided as supplemental materials.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.15241638
Is High-Intensity Speech Intervention Better? A Comparison of High-Intensity Intervention Versus Low-Intensity Intervention in Children With a Cleft Palate
Authors: Alighieri Cassandra , Van Lierde Kristiane , De Caesemaeker Anne-Sophie , Demuynck Kris , Bruneel Laura , D'haeseleer Evelien , Bettens Kim 
Published: August 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to compare the effect of speech intervention provided with a low intensity with speech intervention provided with a high intensity on the speech and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in Dutch-speaking children with a cleft palate with or without a cleft lip (CP ± L) between 4 and 12 years.MethodA longitudinal, prospective, randomized controlled trial with a multiple baseline design was used. Twelve children with a CP ± L (Mage= 8.0 years,SD= 1.54) were divided into two groups using block randomization stratified by age and gender: One group received low-intensity speech intervention (LISI;n= 6) and one group received high-intensity speech intervention (HISI;n= 6). Children in the LISI group received intervention with a session duration of 1 hr, a dose frequency of 1 session per week, and a total intervention duration of 10 weeks. Children in the HISI group received intervention with a session duration of 1 hr, a dose frequency of 5 sessions per week, and a total intervention duration of 2 weeks. The cumulative intervention intensity was kept constant. Both groups received identical therapy programs provided by the same experienced speech therapist. Perceptual speech assessments were performed on baseline and posttreatment data points. Changes in HRQoL were assessed using the Velopharyngeal Insufficiency Effects on Life Outcomes (VELO) questionnaire. Both groups were compared over time using (generalized) linear mixed models.ResultsNo significant Time × Group interactions were observed for the percentage of correctly produced consonants at the word and sentence levels, indicating no differences in evolution over time among the two groups. The variables speech understandability, speech acceptability, and the total VELO scores significantly improved following HISI, but not following LISI.ConclusionsChildren in the HISI group made equal and, for some variables, even superior progress in only 2 weeks of therapy compared to children in the LISI group who received 10 weeks of therapy. HISI is a promising strategy to improve speech outcomes and HRQoL in a shorter time period.
Adaptive constrained population extremal optimisation‐based robust proportional‐integral‐derivation frequency control method for an islanded microgrid
Authors: Lu Kang‐Di , Zeng Guo‐Qiang , Zhou Wuneng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe expected penetration of renewable sources is driving the islanded microgrid towards uncertainties, which have highly influence the reliability and complexities of frequency control. To alleviate the influence caused by load fluctuations and inherent variability of renewable sources, this article proposes an optimised robust proportional‐integral‐derivation (PID) frequency control method by taking full advantage of a robust control strategy while simultaneously maintaining the basic characteristics of a PID controller. During the process of iterated optimisation, a weighted objective function is used to balance the tracking error performance, robust stability and disturbance attenuation performance. Then, the robust PID frequency (RPIDF) controller is determined by an adaptive constrained population extremal optimisation algorithm based on self‐adaptive penalty constraint‐handling technique. The proposed control method is examined on a typical islanded microgrid, and the control performance is evaluated under various disturbances and parametric uncertainties. Finally, the simulation results indicate that the fitness value of the proposed method is 1.7872, which is lower than 2.9585 and 3.0887 obtained by two other evolutionary algorithms‐based RPIDF controllers. Moreover, the comprehensive simulation results fully demonstrate that the proposed method is superior to other comparison methods in terms of four performance indices on the most considered scenarios.
Control and implementation of multifunctional microgrid with seamless synchronization capability
Authors: Yadav Varsha , Kewat Seema , Singh Bhim , Verma Arunima 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA microgrid with a solar photovoltaic (SPV) array, wind generator, battery energy storage (BES), and a bidirectional DC–DC converter with seamless transition capability from on‐grid mode (OGM) to off‐grid mode (FGM) and grid reconnected mode is presented. This microgrid, based on renewable sources, increases the authenticity and sustainability of the supply and has the ability to feed the load in OGM and FGM as well as during mode shifting. The undetermined disturbances and unpredictability of the microgrid in OGM are managed by a sixth‐order complex filter (6thOCF)‐based control. With this control, the load current quadrature fundamental component (LCFC‐Q) is obtained without a DC offset even during voltage imbalances. This control provides effective mitigation of harmonics and monitors the flow of active power, which improves the grid current quality. The control approach based on a resonant plus proportional resonant (R+PR) controller along with the harmonics compensation ability is used to control the microgrid in FGM. A dual 6thOCF (D6thOCF) is cascaded in series with the phase‐locked loop for effortless synchronization of the grid. This enhances the system performance without affecting the stability. The microgrid performance is validated through simulated and experimental results under dynamic and steady‐state conditions.
Transport coefficients enhanced by suprathermal particles in nonequilibrium heliospheric plasmas
Authors: Husidic E. , Lazar M. , Fichtner H. , Scherer K. , Poedts S. 
Published: August 2021

Context.In heliospheric plasmas, such as the solar wind and planetary magnetospheres, the transport of energy and particles is governed by various fluxes (e.g., heat flux, particle flux, current flow) triggered by different forces, electromagnetic fields, and gradients in density or temperature. In the outer corona and at relatively low heliocentric distances in the solar wind (i.e., < 1 AU), particle-particle collisions play an important role in the transport of energy, momentum, and matter, described within classical transport theory by the transport coefficients, which relate the fluxes to their sources.Aims.The aim of the present paper is to improve the evaluation of the main transport coefficients in such nonequilibrium plasmas, on the basis of an implicit realistic characterization of their particle velocity distributions, in accord with the in situ observations. Of particular interest is the presence of suprathermal populations and their influence on these transport coefficients.Methods.Using the Boltzmann transport equation and macroscopic laws for the energy and particle fluxes, we derived transport coefficients, namely, electric conductivity, thermoelectric coefficient, thermal conductivity, diffusion, and mobility coefficients. These are conditioned by the electrons, which are empirically well described by the Kappa distribution, with a nearly Maxwellian (quasi-thermal) core and power-law tails enhanced by the suprathermal population. Here we have adopted the original Kappa approach that has the ability to outline and quantify the contribution of suprathermal populations.Results.Without exception, the transport coefficients are found to be systematically and markedly enhanced in the presence of suprathermal electrons (i.e., for finite values of theκparameter), due to the additional kinetic energy with which these populations contribute to the dynamics of space plasma systems. The present results also show how important an adequate Kappa modeling of suprathermal populations is, which is in contrast to other modified interpretations that underestimate the effects of these populations.
Der KEZ – Kölner Fragebogen zu Einstellungen zu Zwangsmaßnahmen
Authors: Baar Immanuel , Schmitz-Buhl Mario , Gouzoulis-Mayfrank Euphrosyne 
Published: August 2021

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Erstellung eines testtheoretisch fundierten Fragebogens, der die Einstellungen des Personals psychiatrischer Einrichtungen zur Anwendung von Zwang erfasst.
Methodik Eine Erstversion des Fragebogens mit 43 Items wurde auf Basis der inhaltsanalytischen Auswertung von 20 leitfadengestützten Interviews entwickelt. Anschließend wurden alle Ärzt*innen und Pflegekräfte eines psychiatrischen Krankenhauses zur anonymen Teilnahme eingeladen und danach die Endfassung des Fragebogens KEZ nach testtheoretischer Analyse erstellt.
Ergebnisse 226 Mitarbeitende nahmen teil (Rücklaufquote 32,3 %). Die testtheoretische Überprüfung führte zu einem 39-Item-Set mit hoher Konsistenz (Cronbach’s α = 0,904) und 3 Faktoren: 1) Akzeptanz; 2) Sinnhaftigkeit/Legitimation und 3) Sicherheit/Ordnung durch Zwangsmaßnahmen.
Schlussfolgerung Mit dem KEZ steht ein Instrument zur Verfügung, das die Haltung des psychiatrischen Personals zur Anwendung von Zwang in ihren verschiedenen Facetten erfasst.
Can the Cell-free DNA Test Predict Placenta Accreta Spectrum or Placenta Previa Totalis?
Authors: Adiyaman Duygu , Kuyucu Melda , Atakul Bahar Konuralp , Can Dilara , Özeren Mehmet , Koç Altuğ , Kutbay Yaşar Bekir , Arıkan Şener , Öztekin Deniz 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground Following the discovery that fetal DNA originates from the trophoblastic cells of the placenta, the contribution of the cell-free DNA test in placenta-related obstetric complications has begun to be investigated. Compared to uncomplicated pregnancies, higher fetal fractions were detected in placenta accreta spectrum and placenta previa, which are among placenta-related obstetric complications. However, this data applies only to advanced gestational weeks.Aim To investigate the possible predictive value of fetal fraction in cell-free DNA tests in pregnancies with placenta previa and placenta accreta spectrum in early gestational ages.Materials and Methods This study was conducted in women who were screened via cell-free DNA tests for common aneuploidies in the first and second trimester and subsequently diagnosed with placenta previa or placenta accreta spectrum. After the diagnosis was confirmed with a C-section, fetal fractions were retrospectively compared to a control group with a history of an uncomplicated C-section who were also previously screened by cell-free DNA test.Results The median and interquartile range (IQR) of fetal fractions for placenta previa (n=19), placenta accreta spectrum (n=7), and control groups (n=85) were 8.1 (6–10), 6.8 (6.7–10.7), and 7.1 (4.7–9.65), respectively. No statistically significant difference was observed among the three groups in terms of fetal fractions (p=0.587).Conclusions According to our data, we did not observe any relationship between placental invasion abnormalities vs. control group or placenta previa vs. control group using the fetal fractions of the cell-free DNA test. Furthermore, we could not confirm a predictive role and/or any additional clinical contribution. We believe that future studies focusing on placental mRNA might be more helpful than cell-free fetal DNA testing.
Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Findings in Patients with Rare Solitary Necrotic Nodule of the Liver – a Multicenter Report
Authors: Francica Giampiero , Meloni Maria Franca , Riccardi Laura , de Sio Ilario , Caturelli Eugenio , Terracciano Fulvia , Giangregorio Francesco , Chiang Jason , Danzi Roberta , Marra Antonella , Niosi Marco , Ranalli Teresa Valentina , Pompili Maurizio 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose This multicenter retrospective study highlights the contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) findings in a series of histologically proven solitary necrotic nodules (SNN) of the liver, a poorly understood pathologic entity of uncertain origin that mimics malignancy.
Materials and Methods 22 patients (M/F 13/9; mean age 59.4 years, SD ± 10.7, range 35–81) with histological diagnosis of SNN and CEUS were selected from clinical, imaging, and pathological archives of 7 US interventional centers, each of which provided 1 to 6 cases (mean 2.8). Pathological diagnosis was made on 20 US-guided biopsies and 2 surgical specimens. 2 patients had 2 SNNs with identical CEUS findings so that imaging analysis was carried out on 24 nodules.
Results SNN was an incidental finding in healthy people in 10 cases (45.5 %), and it was discovered during follow-up for either known extrahepatic malignancies (9 cases = 41 %) or chronic liver disease (3 cases = 13.5 %). SNNs had a mean size of 19.3 mm (SD ± 6.5, range 9–40). On B-mode US, SNNs appeared hypoechoic in 14 cases (66.7 %), “target-like” in 7 cases (29.2 %), and homogeneously hyperechoic in 1 case (4.1 %). On CEUS, all lesions appeared devoid of contrast enhancement (“punched out” aspect) in the arterial, portal venous, and late phases after US contrast agent injection. A uniformly thin, hyperenhancing ring in the early arterial phase and isoenhanced with the surrounding parenchyma in the portal venous and late phases was found in 10 nodules (41.6 %). Clinical and imaging follow-up (mean duration 42.2 months, SD ± 34.9, range 2–108) was available in 15 patients with 16 SNNs: no changes in size and echostructure were seen.
Conclusion CEUS can contribute to the diagnosis of SNN when a “punched out” appearance in all vascular phases with or without thin rim enhancement in the very early arterial phase is present in healthy subjects in whom a focal liver lesion is incidentally found. In patients with a history of chronic liver disease or malignancy, US-guided biopsy represents the unavoidable first-line diagnostic modality.
Subcortical Stimulation with Tip of Ultrasound Aspirator
Authors: Colle Henry , Colle David , Noens Bonny , Dhaen Bob , Alessi Giovanni , Muller Peter , Aerts Annelies , Robert Erik , van der Linden Chris 
Published: August 2021

Background During resection of intrinsic brain tumors in eloquent areas, particularly under awake mapping, subcortical stimulation is mandatory to avoid irreversible deficits by damaging white fiber tracts. The current practice is to alternate between subcortical stimulation with an appropriate probe and resection of tumoral tissue with an ultrasound aspiration device. Switching between different devices induces supplementary movement and possible tissue trauma, loss of time, and inaccuracies in the localization of the involved area.
Objective To use one device for both stimulation as well as a resecting tool.
Methods The tip of different ultrasound aspiration devices is currently used for monopolar current transmission (e.g., for vessel coagulation in liver surgery). We use the same circuitry for monopolar subcortical stimulation when connected with the usual stimulator devices.
Results We have applied this method since 2004 in over 500 patients during tumor resection with cortical and subcortical stimulation, mostly with awake language and motor monitoring.
Conclusion A method is presented using existing stimulation and wiring devices by which simultaneous subcortical stimulation and ultrasonic aspiration are applied with the same tool. The accuracy, safety, and speed of intrinsic intracranial lesion resection can be improved when subcortical stimulation is applied.
Association and Implications of Blood and Plaque n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Composition in Patients Treated with Oral Eicosapentaenoic Acid before Carotid Endarterectomy
Authors: Ishikawa Tatsuya , Yamaguchi Koji , Funatsu Takayuki , Okada Yoshikazu , Kawamata Takakazu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLong-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), have been shown to prevent atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular disease, including stroke. Recently, the ratio of serum EPA to arachidonic acid (AA; EPA/AA ratio) has been reported to be a biomarker to prevent cardiovascular disease. In this study, we evaluate whether the serum EPA/AA ratio would be a useful biomarker for determining the efficacy of orally administered EPA in preventing stroke by investigating tissue and serum EPA/AA ratios, serum inflammatory markers, and carotid artery intimamedia thickness (IMT). Patients with dyslipidemia, as the primary illness scheduled for carotid endarterectomy (CEA), were included and randomly assigned to the EPA group (EPA: 1,800 mg/day plus statin; 10 patients) or non-EPA group (statin only; 15 patients). PUFA fraction was evaluated in the tissue (post-CEA) and serum (pre-CEA and 6 months thereafter). As for the tissue PUFA fraction in the plaque, the EPA group had a significantly higher EPA/AA ratio (EPA group, 0.46; non-EPA group, 0.28; p = 0.01). At 6 months postoperatively, the EPA group had a significantly higher serum EPA/AA ratio (baseline, 0.83; follow-up, 1.60; p = 0.05). No significant differences were found for inflammatory markers and IMT. Both serum and tissue EPA/AA ratios were higher in patients treated with oral EPA. Serum EPA/AA ratio might be a useful biomarker for the efficacy of orally administered EPA.