bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneous Bimetallic Mo‐NiPx/NiSy as a Highly Efficient Electrocatalyst for Robust Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Wang Jin , Zhang Mengke , Yang Guanglong , Song Wenwu , Zhong Weiting , Wang Xunyue , Wang Minmin , Sun Tongming , Tang Yanfeng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHighly efficient electrocatalysts composed of earth‐abundant elements are desired for water‐splitting to produce clean and renewable chemical fuel. Herein, a heteroatomic‐doped multi‐phase Mo‐doped nickel phosphide/nickel sulfide (Mo‐NiPx/NiSy) nanowire electrocatalyst is designed by a successive phosphorization and sulfuration method for boosting overall water splitting (both oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions (HER)) in alkaline solution. As expected, the Mo‐NiPx/NiSy electrode possesses low overpotentials both at low and high current densities in HER, while the Mo‐NiPx/NiSy heterostructure exhibits high active performance with ultra‐low overpotentials of 137, 182, and 250 mV at the current density of 10, 100, and 400 mA cm−2 in 1 m KOH solution, respectively, in oxygen evolution reaction. In particular, the as‐prepared Mo‐NiPx/NiSy electrodes exhibit remarkable full water splitting performance at both low and high current densities of 10, 100, and 400 mA cm−2 with 1.42, 1.70, and 2.36 V, respectively, which is comparable to commercial electrolysis.
Linear Classification Function Emulated by Pectin‐Based Polysaccharide‐Gated Multiterminal Neuron Transistors
Authors: Guo Jianmiao , Liu Yanghui , Zhou Feichi , Li Fangzhou , Li Yingtao , Huang Feng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNeuromorphic computing, which merges learning and memory functions, is a new computing paradigm surpassing traditional von Neumann architecture. Apart from the plasticity of artificial synapses, the simulation of neurons’ multi‐input signal integration is also of great significance to realize efficient neuromorphic computing. Since the structure of transistors and neurons is strikingly similar, capacitively coupled multi‐terminal pectin‐gated oxide electric double layer transistors are proposed here as artificial neurons for classification. In this work, the free logic switching of “AND” and “OR” is realized in the device with triple in‐plane gates. More importantly, the linear classification function on a single neuron transistor is demonstrated experimentally for the first time. All the results obtained in this work indicate that the prepared artificial neuron can improve the efficiency of artificial neural networks and thus will play an important role in neuromorphic computing.
Highly Efficient Photo‐Induced Recovery Conferred Using Charge‐Transfer Supramolecular Electrets in Bistable Photonic Transistor Memory
Authors: Yang Yun‐Fang , Chiang Yun‐Chi , Lin Yan‐Cheng , Li Guan‐Syuan , Hung Chih‐Chien , Chen Wen‐Chang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDonor–acceptor type polymers and supramolecules are promising electrets in photonic field‐effect transistor (FET)‐type memory because of their diversified polymer‐structure design and favorable mechanical tolerance. Using intermolecular association, supramolecule electrets can surpass donor–acceptor type polymers with versatile facile combining processes. Currently, there has been no application of charge‐transfer (CT) supramolecules in electrets of photonic FET memory devices. Herein, a novel series of CT‐based supramolecular electrets comprising poly(1‐pyrenemethyl methacrylate) (PPyMA) and 7,7,8,8‐tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) is used to elucidate the effect of CT on photonic FET memory. Accordingly, memory devices based on the supramolecular electret with an equimolar content of pyrene and TCNQ exhibit superior bistable memory switchability using electrical/photoprograming with UV (365 nm) and green light (525 nm). This shows a broad memory window of 34 V and favorable memory ratio of over 106 after 104 s. The memory performance can be attributed to the favorable molecular association and dispersion between pyrene and TCNQ in the solid state. The results provide evidence that CT‐based supramolecular electrets warrant applications in optoelectronic applications.
Realizing High Thermoelectric Performance in Earth‐Abundant Bi2S3 Bulk Materials via Halogen Acid Modulation
Authors: Guo Jun , Yang Jianmin , Ge Zhen‐Hua , Jiang Binbin , Qiu Yang , Zhu Yu‐Ke , Wang Xiao , Rong Ju , Yu Xiaohua , Feng Jing , He Jiaqing 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBi2S3‐based thermoelectric materials without toxic and expensive elements have a high Seebeck coefficient and intrinsic low thermal conductivity. However, Bi2S3 suffers from low electrical conductivity, which makes it a less‐than‐perfect thermoelectric material. In this work, halogen elements F, Cl, and Br from halogen acid are successfully introduced into the Bi2S3 lattice using a hydrothermal procedure to efficiently improve the carrier concentration. Compared with the pure sample, the electron concentration of the Bi2S3 sample treated with HCl is increased by two orders of magnitude. An optimal power factor of 470 µW m−1 K−2 for the Bi2S2.96Cl0.04 sample at 673 K is obtained. Density functional theory calculations reveal that an effective delocalized electron conductive network forms after Cl doping, which raises the Fermi level into the conduction bands, thus generating more free electrons and improving the conductivity of the Bi2S3‐based materials. Ultimately, an excellent ZT of ≈0.8 is achieved at 673 K for the Bi2S2.96Cl0.04 sample, which is one of the highest values reported for a state‐of‐the‐art Bi2S3 system. The energy conversion efficiency of the module reaches 2.3% at 673 K with a temperature difference of 373 K. This study offers a new method for enhancing the thermoelectric properties of Bi2S3 by adding halogen acid in the hydrothermal process for powder synthesis.
All‐Climate Iron‐Based Sodium‐Ion Full Cell for Energy Storage
Authors: Cao Yongjie , Cao Xinle , Dong Xiaoli , Zhang Xiang , Xu Jie , Wang Nan , Yang Yang , Wang Congxiao , Liu Yao , Xia Yongyao 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe anode materials for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) such as soft carbon, hard carbon, or alloys suffer from low specific capacity, poor rate capability, and high cost. Various transition metal oxides materials possess high specific capacity and suitable working potential, however, huge volume change and unstable electrode/electrolyte interfaces limit their practical applications. Herein, an ultrathin carbon‐coated iron‐based borate, (Fe3BO5), as an anode material for SIBs is reported. The carbon coated Fe3BO5 composite as an anode material possesses a reversible specific capacity of 548 mAh g−1 with a high initial coulombic efficiency of 72.6% at a current density of 50 mA g−1, and maintains a capacity retention ratio of 99% after 1000 cycles at 2000 mA g−1. Moreover, this anode can work well over a wide temperature range (‐40–60 °C). Furthermore, a sodium‐ion full cell using this anode coupling with iron‐based cathode (Na3Fe2(PO4)2(P2O7)@rGO) cathode is fabricated, which exhibits a wide operating temperature range from −40 to 60 °C with a maximum energy density of 175 Wh Kg−1 and a maximum power density of 1680 W Kg−1. Most importantly, this full‐cell configuration is low‐cost due to its inexpensive iron based raw material for both anode and cathode.
Customized Photothermal Therapy of Subcutaneous Orthotopic Cancer by Multichannel Luminescent Nanocomposites
Authors: Liu Yuxin , Zhu Xingjun , Wei Zheng , Feng Wei , Li Luoyuan , Ma Liyi , Li Fuyou , Zhou Jing 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPhotothermal therapy (PTT) is a potentially advanced strategy for highly precise cancer treatment. Tumor‐microenvironment‐activatable agents provide useful tools for PTT, but their photothermal conversion capacities vary and cannot be evaluated in vivo; thus, a general PTT prescription does not work with individual activatable agents. Here, glutathione (GSH)‐activatable nanocomposites, silicomolybdate‐functionalized NaLuF4:Yb,Er@NaLuF4@NaLuF4:Nd are prepared, for customized PTT of subcutaneous orthotopic cancer. By simultaneously determining intratumoral GSH concentration and the amount of accumulated agent using multiple orthogonal luminescent emissions of nanocomposites, near‐infrared absorbance of photothermal conversion agents is evaluated in vivo, based on the optimized irradiating prescriptions (irradiating power density and time) established. This allows customized PTT of each individual case with high efficacy and viability. This work also includes a method for investigating individual intratumoral variation, and the development of the next generation of customized nanomedicine for efficacious PTT of subcutaneous orthotopic cancer.
Cell/Bacteria‐Based Bioactive Materials for Cancer Immune Modulation and Precision Therapy
Authors: Pan Hong , Zheng Mingbin , Ma Aiqing , Liu Lanlan , Cai Lintao 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNumerous clinical trials for cancer precision medicine research are limited due to the drug resistance, side effects, and low efficacy. Unsatisfactory outcomes are often caused by complex physiologic barriers and abnormal immune events in tumors, such as tumor target alterations and immunosuppression. Cell/bacteria‐derived materials with unique bioactive properties have emerged as attractive tools for personalized therapy in cancer. Naturally derived bioactive materials, such as cell and bacterial therapeutic agents with native tropism or good biocompatibility, can precisely target tumors and effectively modulate immune microenvironments to inhibit tumors. Here, the recent advances in the development of cell/bacteria‐based bioactive materials for immune modulation and precision therapy in cancer are summarized. Cell/bacterial constituents, including cell membranes, bacterial vesicles, and other active substances have inherited their unique targeting properties and antitumor capabilities. Strategies for engineering living cell/bacteria to overcome complex biological barriers and immunosuppression to promote antitumor efficacy are also summarized. Moreover, past and ongoing trials involving personalized bioactive materials and promising agents such as cell/bacteria‐based micro/nano‐biorobotics are further discussed, which may become another powerful tool for treatment in the near future.
Strong Coupling of Colloidal Quantum Dots via Self‐Assemble Passivation for Efficient Infrared Solar Cells
Authors: Zheng Siyu , Wang Yunfei , Jia Donglin , Tian Lei , Chen Jingxuan , Shan Lianwei , Dong Limin , Zhang Xiaoliang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe surface passivation of colloidal quantum dots (CQD) is critical for the electronic coupling of CQDs, which significantly affects the photovoltaic performance of CQD solar cells (CQDSCs). Herein, a self‐assemble passivation (SAP) strategy of CQDs is introduced to improve CQD coupling. The PbI2 passivation layer prepared using the SAP method can largely improve surface defect passivation of CQDs, diminishing charge recombination induced by the sub‐bandgap traps. Meanwhile, extensive theoretical simulations reveal that the self‐assembled PbI2 passivation layer works as a “charger bridge” for charge transport between the adjacent CQDs, avoiding CQD fusion. The infrared CQDSCs are fabricated and the SAP‐based CQDSC yields an efficiency of up to 12.3%, which is significantly improved compared with that of the conventional CQDSCs with iodide passivating CQD surface. The improved photovoltaic performance in the SAP‐based CQDSCs is attributed to increased charge extraction, resulting from strong CQD coupling within the CQD solid films. This work provides a simple and facile way to improve the electronic coupling of CQDs for high‐performance infrared CQDSCs.
Biomimetic Design and Mass Production of Sustainable Multiscale Cellulose Fibers‐Based Hierarchical Filter Materials for Protective Clothing
Authors: Guan Qing‐Fang , Han Zi‐Meng , Yang Huai‐Bin , Yang Kun‐Peng , Ling Zhang‐Chi , Yin Chong‐Han , Zhao Yu‐Xiang , Wang Jin‐Long , Yan Bei‐Bei , Ma Tao , Hu Bi‐Cheng , Li Chao , Pan Xiao‐Feng , Chen Si‐Ming , Ma Si‐Yue , Yu Shu‐Hong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAs a core part of personal protective equipment (PPE), filter materials play a key role in individual protection, especially in the fight against the COVID‐19. Here, a high‐performance multiscale cellulose fibers‐based filter material is introduced for protective clothing, which overcomes the limitation of mutual exclusion of filtration and permeability in cellulose‐based filter materials. With the hierarchical biomimetic structure design and the active surface of multiscale cellulose fibers, high PM2.5 removal efficiency of ≈92% is achieved with the high moisture transmission rate of 8 kg m−2 d−1. Through a simple and effective dip‐coating and roll‐to‐roll process, the hierarchical filter materials can be made on a large scale and further fabricated into high‐quality protective clothing by industrial production equipment.
Optical Plasmon Excitation in Transparent Conducting SrNbO3 and SrVO3 Thin Films
Authors: Mirjolet Mathieu , Kataja Mikko , Hakala Tommi K. , Komissinskiy Philipp , Alff Lambert , Herranz Gervasi , Fontcuberta Josep 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTransparent and metallic oxides based on 3d and 4d metals are promising materials for plasmonics. Here, the growth window to obtain epitaxial SrNbO3 (4d1) thin films is determined and the role of substrates to achieve optimal electrical conductivity and the largest residual resistivity ratio is disclosed. Optical measurements on optimized films indicate a large transparency at the visible with a sharp edge at about 1.9 eV, which coincides with the zero‐crossing of the permittivity, allowing to identify the plasma frequency ωp. Similar features are observed in SrVO3 (3d1) films. Optical losses display well pronounced maxima at the corresponding ωp. Polarization‐dependent optical transmittance measurements and ellipsometric data show a dip at ωp, occurring for p‐ but not s‐polarized light, which is a fingerprint of optical bulk plasmon excitation. Remarkably, plasmon resonance is achieved here by using oblique incidence of light rather than phase‐matching arrangements, and by exploiting charge density gradients at the film surface. This observation points to new opportunities for engineering plasmons in heterostructures.
Vibrant Color Palettes of Electrochromic Manganese Oxide Electrodes for Colorful Zn‐Ion Battery
Authors: Tang Xueqing , Chen Jian , Wang Zhen , Hu Zishou , Song Ge , Zhang Shu , Chen Zhigang , Wu Qi , Liu Meinan , Cong Shan , Zhao Zhigang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractColorful electrochromic batteries operating in the visible region, which display their residual capacity through real‐time color variation, have recently attracted tremendous attention due to the ever‐rising demands of smart electronics. However, the currently available electrochromic batteries incur certain serious limitations, such as, low capacity utilization, non‐aesthetic versatility, and unsatisfactory performance in practical applications. Manganese oxide, as an extensively used cathode material in zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs), can yield a prominently high energy density, but with a poor electrochromic performance. By designing a metamaterial with a photonic metastructure, manganese oxide can be remolded into an attractive electrochromic electrode, which shows vibrant color palettes capable of accurately displaying the stored energy level. Based on the combined oxidic and reductive coloration in the as‐prepared manganese oxide electrodes, the developed electrochromic ZIB exhibits a high capacity of 283 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1, with an energy retrieval rate up to 72% during the round‐trip solar charging and galvanostatic discharging processes. This electrochromic ZIB with vibrant color palettes exhibits promising application in next‐generation electrochromic devices with multiple functionalities.
The Combination of Morphology and Surface Chemistry Defines the Immunological Identity of Nanocarriers in Human Blood
Authors: Vincent Michael P. , Karabin Nicholas B. , Allen Sean D. , Bobbala Sharan , Frey Molly A. , Yi Sijia , Yang Yufan , Scott Evan A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractUpon exposure to blood, a corona of proteins adsorbs to nanocarrier surfaces to confer a biological identity that interfaces with the immune system. While the nanocarrier surface chemistry has long been the focus of protein corona formation, the influence of nanostructure has remained unclear despite established influences on biodistribution, clearance, and inflammation. Here, combinations of nanocarrier morphology and surface chemistry are engineered to i) achieve compositionally distinct protein coatings in human blood and ii) control protein‐mediated interactions with the immune system. A library of nine PEGylated nanocarriers differing in their combination of morphology (spheres, vesicles, and cylinders) and surface chemistry (methoxy, hydroxyl, and phosphate) are synthesized to represent properties of therapeutic and biomimetic delivery vehicles. Analysis by quantitative label‐free proteomic techniques reveal that specific surface chemistry and morphology combinations adsorb unique protein signatures from human blood, resulting in differential complement activation and elicitation of distinct proinflammatory cytokine responses. Furthermore, nanocarrier morphology is shown to primarily influence uptake and clearance by human monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. This comprehensive analysis provides mechanistic insights into rational design choices that impact the immunological identity of nanocarriers in human blood, which can be leveraged to engineer drug delivery vehicles for precision medicine and immunotherapy.
Assemblies and composites of gold nanostructures for functional devices
Authors: He Ke , Jiang Ying , Wang Ting , Liu Zhihua , Wang Ming , Pan Liang , Chen Xiaodong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGold has been one of the most vastly used noble metals due to its unique properties. In modern manufacturing, gold is extensively used in electronics industry as electrical connectors due to the high conductivity and corrosion resistance. With advancements in gold chemistry and nanofabrication technologies, gold materials can be tailored down to the dimension of nanoscale, which enables various novel properties. However, it is still a huge challenge to realize practical functional devices by rational utilizing these gold nanostructures‐based materials. Herein, the recent developments in the design and fabrication of various functional devices based on assemblies and composites of gold nanostructures are summarized. Starting from the plasmonic effect, optical colorimetric sensors, optoelectronics and surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy sensors are introduced. Followed by conductive devices with novel properties, flexible transparent conductors, stretchable electronics, wearable and implantable devices are discussed. Both bottom‐up and top‐down approaches to prepare assemblies and composites are covered. In addition, the challenges and future developments in the field are also addressed. It is believed that further developments in gold nanostructures‐based materials will greatly contribute to the next‐generation biosensors, optoelectronics, wearable and implantable electronics.
Deeper insights into the thermal properties of epoxy thermoset resins using torsion measurements
Authors: Smith Kiersten M. , Lazzara Thomas D. , Fernando Raymond H. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe glass transition temperature (Tg) of epoxy thermosets is a critical material property that depends on the component chemistry, the final cross‐link density, and processing conditions. This study incorporates dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) testing with a torsion clamp geometry on a TA Instruments DHR‐2 and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to characterize five different two‐component epoxy‐amine systems. Investigation of the Tg dependence on DMA frequency and heating shows that lowering the frequency from 1 to 0.01 Hz results in a Tg very similar to that measured using DSC, while a heating rate of 0.3°C/min using DMA gives a Tg comparable to the DSC measured value at 30°C/min. The DMA technique reveals secondary relaxation transitions and peak broadening in the tan(δ) plots of poorly mixed epoxy blends, quantified using full width at half maximum (FWHM) of tan(δ) peaks, and are indicative of a non‐homogeneous cross‐linked network and off‐ratio blending, respectively. The increase in the FWHM due to poor mixing ranges from 8% to 96%. These parameters are easily measurable and quantifiable in DMA, but are not observed in DSC. The additional DMA insights are valuable for process development and failure analysis, and can improve the understanding of epoxies.
Impact of additives on the rheological properties of associating water‐soluble multiblock polyelectrolytes
Authors: Muñoz‐López César , St Thomas Claude , García‐Cerda Luis Alfonso , Rivera‐Vallejo Claudia , Jiménez‐Regalado Enrique 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe impact of additives on the rheological behavior of four associating water‐soluble multiblock polyelectrolytes previously synthesized via reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization was described. These polyelectrolytes contained different number of blocks ranged from 1 to 7 divided into hydrophilic and hydrophobic. The rheological analyses of polymers were performed at 25°C at a given concentration (0.1–15 wt%) in the presence of sodium chloride (NaCl) 0.1–0.5 M, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) 2–10 mM or a mixture of both. Data demonstrated an increase in the viscosity of macroRAFT (ɳ = 0.002–9 Pa·s) and triblock copolymer‐TBC (ɳ = 0.003–0.04 Pa·s) versus the concentration of NaCl. Meanwhile, the viscosity of penta and heptablock copolymer exhibited a diminution whatever the (NaCl) used. Results from the rheological analyses of the associative polyelectrolytes at different (SDS) revealed that the viscosity of macroRAFT and triblock copolymer was kept constant in spite of the increment of the (SDS) while the viscosity of PBC and HBC displayed a pronounced diminution at the lower (SDS). Finally, the results from the rheological analyses of these polyelectrolytes versus a mixture of NaCl‐SDS showed a diminution in the viscosity of these solutions at any concentration of additives.
New targets acquired: Improving locus recovery from the Angiosperms353 probe set
Authors: McLay Todd G. B. , Birch Joanne L. , Gunn Bee F. , Ning Weixuan , Tate Jennifer A. , Nauheimer Lars , Joyce Elizabeth M. , Simpson Lalita , Schmidt‐Lebuhn Alexander N. , Baker William J. , Forest Félix , Jackson Chris J. 
Published: June 2021

PREMISEUniversal target enrichment kits maximize utility across wide evolutionary breadth while minimizing the number of baits required to create a cost‐efficient kit. The Angiosperms353 kit has been successfully used to capture loci throughout the angiosperms, but the default target reference file includes sequence information from only 6–18 taxa per locus. Consequently, reads sequenced from on‐target DNA molecules may fail to map to references, resulting in fewer on‐target reads for assembly, and reducing locus recovery.METHODSWe expanded the Angiosperms353 target file, incorporating sequences from 566 transcriptomes to produce a ‘mega353’ target file, with each locus represented by 17–373 taxa. This mega353 file is a drop‐in replacement for the original Angiosperms353 file in HybPiper analyses. We provide tools to subsample the file based on user‐selected taxon groups, and to incorporate other transcriptome or protein‐coding gene data sets.RESULTSCompared to the default Angiosperms353 file, the mega353 file increased the percentage of on‐target reads by an average of 32%, increased locus recovery at 75% length by 49%, and increased the total length of the concatenated loci by 29%.DISCUSSIONIncreasing the phylogenetic density of the target reference file results in improved recovery of target capture loci. The mega353 file and associated scripts are available at: https://github.com/chrisjackson‐pellicle/NewTargets.