bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of long- and medium-term particulate matter exposures and stroke in the US-based Health Professionals Follow-up Study
Authors: Xu Yenan , Chen Jarvis T. , Holland Isabel , Yanosky Jeff D. , Liao Duanping , Coull Brent A. , Wang Dong , Rexrode Kathryn , Whitsel Eric A. , Wellenius Gregory A. , Laden Francine , Hart Jaime E. 
Published: November 2021

Purpose:
Stroke is a leading cause of mortality worldwide, and air pollution is the third largest contributor to global stroke burden. Existing studies investigating the association between long-term exposure to particulate matter (PM) and stroke incidence have been mixed and very little is known about the associations with medium-term exposures. Therefore, we wanted to evaluate these associations in an cohort of male health professionals.

Methods:
We assessed the association of PM exposures in the previous 1 and 12 months with incident total, ischemic, and hemorrhagic stroke in 49,603 men in the prospective US-based Health Professionals’ Follow-up Study 1988–2007. We used spatiotemporal prediction models to estimate monthly PM less than 10 (PM10) and less than 2.5 (PM2.5), and PM2.5–10 at all mailing addresses. We used time-varying Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for potential confounders based on previous literature to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each 10-μg/m3 increase in exposure in the preceding 1 and 12 months. We explored possible effect modification by age, obesity, smoking, aspirin use, diet quality, physical activity, diabetes, and Census region.

Results:
We observed 1,467 cases of incident stroke. Average levels of 12-month PM10, PM2.5–10, and PM2.5 were 20.7, 8.4, and 12.3 µg/m3, respectively. In multivariable adjusted models, we did not observe consistent associations between PM and overall or ischemic stroke. There was a suggestion of increased risk of hemorrhagic stroke (12-month PM10 multivariable HR: 1.13 [0.86, 1.48]; PM2.5–10: 1.12 [0.78, 1.62]; PM2.5:1.17 [0.76, 1.81], all per 10 µg/m3). There was little evidence of effect modification.

Conclusions:
We observed only weak evidence of an association between long-term exposure to PM and risks of overall incident stroke. There was a suggestion of increasing hemorrhagic stroke risk.
Patient-reported Outcome Measures following Traumatic Lower Extremity Amputation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Tirrell Abigail R. , Kim Kevin G. , Rashid Waleed , Attinger Christopher E. , Fan Kenneth L. , Evans Karen K. 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Outcomes after traumatic major lower extremity amputation (MLEA) have focused on surgical complications, despite the life-altering impact on patients. With advances in the surgical management of MLEA, a heightened need for consistent reporting of patient-centered outcomes (PCO) remains. This meta-analysis assesses articles for the prevalence and methods of PCO reporting among traumatic MLEA studies.

Methods:
An electronic database search was completed using Ovid MEDLINE for studies published between 2000 and 2020. Studies were included that reported any outcome of traumatic MLEA. Weighted means of outcomes were calculated when data were available. The prevalence of PCO was assessed in the categories of physical function, quality of life (QOL), psychosocial, and pain. Trends in PCO reporting were analyzed using Pearson’s chi-squared test and analysis of variance when appropriate.

Results:
In total, 7001 studies were screened, yielding 156 articles for inclusion. PCO were evaluated in 94 (60.3%) studies; 83 (53.2%) reported physical function and mobility outcomes, 33 (21.2%) reported QOL and satisfaction measures, 38 (24.4%) reported psychosocial data, and 43 (27.6%) reported pain outcomes. There was no change in prevalence of PCO reporting when comparing 5-year intervals between 2000 and 2020 (P = 0.557).

Conclusions:
Optimization of function and QOL following traumatic MLEA has become a cornerstone of surgical success; however, only 60% of studies report PCO, with no trend over the last two decades suggesting improvement. As healthcare progresses toward patient-centered care, this inconsistent means of reporting PCO calls for improved inclusion and standardization of instruments to assess function, QOL, and other patient-focused measures.
Surgical Debulking of Persistent Orofacial Swelling in a Patient with Melkersson–Rosenthal Syndrome
Authors: Azimi Roxana , Lee Linus , Stams Victor E. 
Published: November 2021

Summary:
Melkersson–Rosenthal syndrome (MRS) is a rare neuro-mucocutaneous granulomatous disorder that is likely underdiagnosed due to its variability on presentation. Few patients present with the characteristic triad of orofacial swelling, recurrent facial palsy, and lingua plicata; in fact, most patients present with only one or two of the symptoms. Additionally, patients are evaluated by a variety of specialists, including ophthalmologists, otolaryngologists, dermatologists, and plastic surgeons, depending on their particular symptom. There is no consensus standard of care for MRS due to a limited understanding of the disease. We describe a case of a patient with a 5-year history of persistent orofacial edema in the setting of Melkersson–Rosenthal syndrome refractory to medical management, who was treated with surgical debulking of the upper lip. We encourage increased clinical suspicion for Melkersson–Rosenthal syndrome when evaluating persistent orofacial edema in the plastic surgery clinic and highlight the importance of obtaining a full patient history. Surgical debulking can correct for aesthetic deformity while sparing oral function.
Little or No Differences in Hip Morphology Between Professional Dancers and Controls: A Systematic Review
Authors: Nogier Alexis , Tourabaly Idriss , Barreau Xavière , Ramos-Pascual Sonia , van Rooij Floris , Saffarini Mo , Courtin Cyril 
Published: November 2021

Objective:
To systematically evaluate and synthesize the literature on bony hip morphology of professional dancers, as measured by 2D or 3D imaging techniques.

Data Sources:
A literature search was performed on November 20, 2020, using MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane. Clinical studies were eligible if they reported on hip morphology of professional dancers. Two independent reviewers screened titles, abstracts, and full-texts to determine eligibility; performed data extraction; and assessed the quality of eligible studies according to the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist. This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines.

Main Results:
The search returned 1384 records; 449 were duplicates, 923 were excluded after title/abstract/full-text screening, and 12 were eligible, reporting on 447 individuals (352 professional dancers and 95 controls). The JBI checklist indicated that 11 studies scored ≥4 points. For professional dancers, lateral center edge angle was 22.4 to 30.8 degrees, acetabular version was 6.7 to 13.5 degrees, neck–shaft angle was 132.5 to 139.5 degrees, and femoral version was 4.7 to 14.4 degrees. Statistically significant differences between dancers and controls were found in some of the studies for acetabular version, neck–shaft angle, and femoral version, although only femoral version showed clinically relevant differences.

Conclusions:
The bony hip morphology of professional dancers is similar to that of other athletes and age-matched controls, which is in contrast to the authors' clinical experience. We presume that the abnormal morphology we have seen at the clinic is only present in symptomatic dancers who require total hip arthroplasty (THA) and is not a general characteristic of all dancers. Further studies should compare the hip morphology of dancers undergoing THA with matched nondancers.
SafeSport: Perceptions of Harassment and Abuse From Elite Youth Athletes at the Winter Youth Olympic Games, Lausanne 2020
Authors: Mountjoy Margo , Vertommen Tine , Tercier Stephane , Greinig Susan , Burrows Kirsty 
Published: November 2021

Objective:
To analyze the Winter Youth Olympic Games (YOG) 2020 athletes' understanding and perceptions of harassment and abuse in sport and their knowledge of reporting mechanisms.

Design:
A cohort study.

Setting:
The Winter YOG2020 in Lausanne, Switzerland.

Participants:
Accredited athletes at the YOG2020.

Intervention:
An athlete safeguarding educational program was delivered at the YOG2020. Participating athletes were encouraged to answer a survey embedded in the safeguarding educational materials during the YOG.

Main Outcome Measures:
Perception of occurrence of harassment and abuse as well as knowledge of the term “safe sport” and reporting mechanisms.

Results:
The survey response rate of athletes attending the Safe Sport Booth was 69%. When asked to define Safe Sport, 10% of athletes at the YOG2020 correctly identified a sport environment free from harassment and abuse, 20% identified fair play/antidoping, and 19% safety. When presented with the definition of harassment and abuse, 30.4% expressed surprise, in contrast to 46% in the summer YOG2018. A third (32%) reported that harassment and abuse was either “likely” or “very likely” present in their sport, which was similar to the YOG2018 (34%). The group of athletes not knowing where to go to report harassment and abuse was greater than in the YOG2018 (26% vs 11%). There were no differences in responses between competitive sex (boys' vs girls' events) or type of sport (team vs individual).

Conclusions:
Outcomes of this study, such as the development of youth-friendly terminology and emphasizing mechanisms for reporting of harassment and abuse, should inform the development of safeguarding educational materials for youth athletes.
Comparing acupoint catgut embedding and acupuncture therapies in simple obesity
Authors: Zhao Hui Yan , Kim Sungha , Yang Changsop , Son Mi Ju 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Introduction:
As society develops, obesity has become a growing public health issue that seriously affects people's health and quality of life. Acupoint catgut embedding therapy is a new treatment method that continuously stimulates acupoints by implanting catguts into acupoints that has been widely used in East Asian countries to treat obesity. The objective of this systematic review is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of acupoint catgut embedding therapy alone or the combination with other acupuncture therapies compared with same acupuncture therapies for obesity.

Methods:
Nine electronic databases will be searched from inception to September 2021 without language limitations. Clinicaltrials.gov and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry platform will also be searched for ongoing trials. Randomized controlled trials that evaluated the effectiveness of acupoint catgut embedding therapy alone or the combination with other acupuncture therapies compared with same acupuncture therapies for obesity will be included. Two independent reviewers will select the studies, extract the data, and assess the quality of the papers. Risk of bias assessment and meta-analysis will follow the Cochrane guideline, and meta-analysis will be conducted using the RevMan version 5.4.1 software from Cochrane Collaboration. Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation will be conducted to assess the confidence in the estimates of effect. The primary outcome will be to assess body mass index, body weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-hip ratio, and body fat percentage. The secondary outcome will be to evaluate metabolic markers and adverse effects.

Discussion:
The systematic review will provide evidence of the safety and effectiveness of acupoint catgut embedding therapy with other acupuncture therapies in clinical settings for obese patients. This systematic review will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed publication or relevant academic conference.

Trial register number:
INPLASY2021100014
Mother's Own Milk and Its Relationship to Growth and Morbidity in a Population‐based Cohort of Extremely Preterm Infants
Authors: Lund Anna‐My , Domellöf Magnus , Pivodic Aldina , Hellström Ann , Stoltz Sjöström Elisabeth , Hansen‐Pupp Ingrid 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTObjectives:The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationships between intake of mother's own milk (MOM), compared with intake of pasteurized donor milk (DM), and postnatal growth, incidence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), in extremely preterm infants.Methods:Swedish population‐based cohort of surviving extremely preterm infants born 2004 to 2007. Exposure to MOM and DM was investigated from birth until 32 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA) in 453 infants. Primary outcome variables were change in z‐score (Δ) from birth to 32 weeks PMA for weight, length, and head circumference (HC). Secondary outcomes were incidence of ROP and BPD. Mixed models adjusting for confounders were used to investigate the association between exposures and outcomes.Results:Infants’ mean gestational age (GA) was 25.4 weeks. Unadjusted, MOM (per 10 mL · kg−1 · day−1) was associated with Δweight and ΔHC with beta estimates of 0.03 z‐score units (95% CI, 0.02–0.04, P < 0.001) and 0.03 z‐score units (95% CI, 0.01–0.05, P = 0.003), respectively. After adjustment for predefined confounders, the association remained significant for Δweight and ΔHC. A similar pattern was found between Δweight and each 10% increase of MOM. Unadjusted, a higher intake of MOM (mL · kg−1 · day−1) was significantly associated to a lower probability of any ROP and severe ROP; however, these associations did not remain in the adjusted analyses. No associations were found between MOM (mL · kg−1 · day−1) and BPD. Moreover, no associations were found between DM and growth or morbidity outcomes.Conclusions:An increased intake of MOM, as opposed to DM (and not formula feeding), was associated with improved postnatal weight gain and HC growth from birth until 32 weeks PMA in extremely preterm infants. Interventions aiming at increasing early intake of unpasteurized MOM for extremely preterm infants should be encouraged.
Predicting Subtype of Growth Hormone Pituitary Adenoma based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging Characteristics
Authors: Liu Chen-Xi , Wang Sheng-Zhong , Heng Li-Jun , Han Yu , Ma Yu-Hui , Yan Lin-Feng , Yu Ying , Wang Wen , Hu Yu-Chuan , Cui Guang-Bin 
Published: November 2021

Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the value of magnetic resonance (MR) characteristics in differentiating the subtypes of growth hormone pituitary adenomas.

Materials and Methods
The clinical and MR imaging data of 70 patients with growth hormone pituitary adenoma confirmed by surgery and pathology were retrospectively analyzed. The tumors were divided into dense granular (DG; 36 cases) and sparse granular subtypes (SG; 34 cases). The tumors' MR features were analyzed, including the mean and maximum diameters, T2 signal intensity, T2 relative signal intensity (rSI), homogeneity, enhancement degree, and invasiveness (Knosp grade). Mann-Whitney U test and χ2 test were used to analyze MR characteristics between the 2 groups. The independent predictors and predictive probabilities of tumor subtypes were obtained via a logistic regression model, and the efficacy was compared by receiver operating characteristic curve.

Results
The mean and maximum diameters of growth hormone adenoma in DG and SG were 1.77 versus 2.45 and 1.95 versus 3.00 cm (median, P < 0.05), respectively. There was a significant difference between the 2 groups in T2 signal intensity and rSI (P values were 0.02 and 0.001, respectively). Most DG adenomas (86.1%) appeared as hypointense on T2 images, and 38.2% of SG adenomas were hyperintense. There was no significant difference in tumor homogeneity (P = 0.622). A significant difference was found in the Knosp grade between the 2 subtypes (P = 0.004). In addition, the enhancement degree of SG adenomas was significantly higher than that of DG adenomas (P = 0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that high T2 rSI value and marked contrast enhancement were independent predictors of the 2 subtypes, and the odds ratios were 4.811 and 4.649, respectively. The multivariate logistic model obtained relatively high predicting efficacy, and the area under the curve, sensitivity, and specificity were 0.765, 0.882, and 0.500, respectively.

Conclusions
There are significant differences in tumor size, T2 signal intensity, T2 rSI, enhancement degree, and invasiveness between DG and SG adenomas. The logistic model based on the marked contrast enhancement and high T2 rSI value has an important value in predicting the subtype of growth hormone adenoma.
In Vitro Study of the Precision and Accuracy of Measurement of the Vascular Inner Diameter on Computed Tomography Angiography Using Deep Learning Image Reconstruction: Comparison With Filtered Back Projection and Iterative Reconstruction
Authors: Suzuki Shigeru , Samejima Wakana , Harashima Shingo , Fukui Rika 
Published: November 2021

Objective
This study aimed to compare the performance of deep learning image reconstruction (DLIR) with that of standard filtered back projection (FBP) and adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction V (ASiR-V) for measurement of the vascular diameter on computed tomography (CT) angiography model.

Methods
We used 6 vascular models of 3 wall thicknesses. We used DLIR, FBP, and ASiR-V for reconstruction, and compared the accuracy and precision of vascular diameter measurement, as well as the image noise, among the 3 reconstruction methods.

Results
Image noise was in the order of FBP > ASiR-V > DLIR. The vascular diameters measured using DLIR and ASiR-V were comparable with, or significantly closer to, the actual diameter than those measured using FBP. The precision of the diameter measurement using DLIR was comparable with or significantly superior to that using FBP/ASiR-V.

Conclusions
Use of DLIR, as compared with FBP or ASiR-V, for image reconstruction can improve the precision and accuracy of vascular diameter measurement.
Assessment of Image Quality of Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography in Obese Patients by Comparing Deep Learning Image Reconstruction With Adaptive Statistical Iterative Reconstruction Veo
Authors: Wang Hongwei , Wang Rui , Li Ying , Zhou Zhen , Gao Yifeng , Bo Kairui , Yu Min , Sun Zhonghua , Xu Lei 
Published: November 2021

Objective
The aim of the study was to evaluate the image quality of coronary computed tomography (CT) angiography (CCTA) in obese patients by using deep learning image reconstruction (DLIR) in comparison with adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction Veo (ASiR-V).

Methods
We prospectively evaluated 60 obese patients (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 30 kg/m2) who underwent coronary CT angiography in a single center. All CT scans were performed with GE Revolution 256-row CT at 120 kV (group A; 20 men, 10 women; mean age = 54.3 years; mean BMI = 33.4 kg/m2) or 100 kV (group B; 18 men; 12 women; mean age = 56.8 years; mean BMI = 32.9 kg/m2). Images in group A were reconstructed using ASiR-V, whereas images in group B were reconstructed using ASiR-V, DLIR-medium (DLIR-M), and DLIR-high (DLIR-H). Three blinded independent readers assessed the subjective image quality and measured the objective image quality. Radiation dose estimates were calculated and compared between patients by using 0.014 and 0.026 mSv·mGy−1 cm−1 corresponding to chest and heart conversion coefficients, respectively.

Results
The subjective score was significantly higher for images reconstructed using 120-kV ASiR-V (3.8), DLIR-M (3.9), and DLIR-H (4.0) compared with those reconstructed using 100-kV ASiR-V (3.5). Image noise was significantly lower in images reconstructed using DLIR-H compared with those reconstructed using other reconstruction algorithm (P < 0.001, respectively). The contrast-to-noise ratio was significantly higher in the DLIR-H group than in the groups using other reconstruction algorithm (P < 0.001). The effective radiation dose was significantly lower in group B than in group A (P < 0.001).

Conclusions
Compared with ASiR-V, DLIR improved image quality in obese individuals without comprising image quality or increasing the radiation dose.
Is a Close Follow-Up Computed Tomography Necessary for Acute Falcine and Tentorial Subdural Hematoma?
Authors: Oztek Murat Alp , Mossa-Basha Mahmud , DeConde Robert , Mogensen Monique A. , Cross Nathan M. , Cohen Wendy , Yuh William T.C. 
Published: November 2021

Objective
This study aimed to assess the changes and values on follow-up computed tomography (F/U-CT) for isolated falcine (F-SDH) and tentorial (T-SDH) subdural hematomas (SDHs).

Method
Fifty-four cases of isolated F-SDH and/or T-SDH were retrospectively reviewed. Subdural hematoma morphology, mass effect on the adjacent parenchyma, and interval change at F/U-CT were evaluated. Subdural hematoma size was measured parallel and perpendicular to the falx/tentorium (long or short axis, respectively).

Results
Short-axis increase on F/U-CT was seen only in 5 F-SDHs (16%) and 7 T-SDHs (19%), with a maximum of a 2-mm increase. Long-axis growth was more prominent and frequent, seen in 18 F-SDH patients (56.2%) and 19 T-SDH patients (51.4%), with maximum change of up to 43 mm. Falcine SDH and T-SDH were ipsilateral and contiguous in 77.8% of patients. Minimal mass effect was seen in 13 patients (24.1%), which was resolved or stable on F/U-CT. Anticoagulation did not affect SDH size. No patients required neurosurgery or died.

Conclusions
Based on our limited data, the current standard of F/U-CT may be unnecessary in patients with isolated F-SDH and/or T-SDH, which expand minimally along the short axis without a significant mass effect. Characteristic anatomic structure of the tentorium and falx, and their connectivity may direct SDH expansion and limit mass effect as well as injury to the adjacent parenchyma.
Perspectives on mental illness stigma among African immigrant pregnant and post-partum women in an urban setting: a brief report
Authors: Pederson Aderonke Bamgbose , Waldron Elizabeth , Burnett-Zeigler Inger , Clark Crystal , Lartey Lynette , Wisner Katherine 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposeThis study assessed the perspectives of pregnant and post-partum African immigrant women on mental illness.MethodsWe conducted a focus group session (N=14) among pregnant and postpartum African immigrant women in June 2020. We used an inductive driven thematic analysis to identify themes related to mental health stigma.ResultsFive core themes emerged: conceptualization of mental health, community stigmatizing attitudes, biopsychosocial stressors, management of mental health and methods to reduce stigma.ConclusionUnderstanding the perspectives of pregnant African immigrant women at the intersection of their race, ethnicity, gender and migration is necessary to improve engagement with mental health services.