bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Virus-based vaccine vectors with distinct replication mechanisms differentially infect and activate dendritic cells
Authors: Chiale Carolina , Marchese Anthony M. , Furuya Yoichi , Robek Michael D. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe precise mechanism by which many virus-based vectors activate immune responses remains unknown. Dendritic cells (DCs) play key roles in priming T cell responses and controlling virus replication, but their functions in generating protective immunity following vaccination with viral vectors are not always well understood. We hypothesized that highly immunogenic viral vectors with identical cell entry pathways but unique replication mechanisms differentially infect and activate DCs to promote antigen presentation and activation of distinctive antigen-specific T cell responses. To evaluate differences in replication mechanisms, we utilized a rhabdovirus vector (vesicular stomatitis virus; VSV) and an alphavirus-rhabdovirus hybrid vector (virus-like vesicles; VLV), which replicates like an alphavirus but enters the cell via the VSV glycoprotein. We found that while virus replication promotes CD8+ T cell activation by VLV, replication is absolutely required for VSV-induced responses. DC subtypes were differentially infected in vitro with VSV and VLV, and displayed differences in activation following infection that were dependent on vector replication but were independent of interferon receptor signaling. Additionally, the ability of the alphavirus-based vector to generate functional CD8+ T cells in the absence of replication relied on cDC1 cells. These results highlight the differential activation of DCs following infection with unique viral vectors and indicate potentially discrete roles of DC subtypes in activating the immune response following immunization with vectors that have distinct replication mechanisms.
Dual-comb hyperspectral digital holography
Authors: Vicentini Edoardo , Wang Zhenhai , Van Gasse Kasper , Hänsch Theodor W. , Picqué Nathalie 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHolography1 has always held special appeal as it is able to record and display spatial information in three dimensions2–10. Here we show how to augment the capabilities of digital holography11,12 by using a large number of narrow laser lines at precisely defined optical frequencies simultaneously. Using an interferometer based on two frequency combs13–15 of slightly different repetition frequencies and a lensless camera sensor, we record time-varying spatial interference patterns that generate spectral hypercubes of complex holograms, revealing the amplitudes and phases of scattered wave-fields for each comb line frequency. Advancing beyond multicolour holography and low-coherence holography (including with a frequency comb16), the synergy of broad spectral bandwidth and high temporal coherence in dual-comb holography opens up novel optical diagnostics, such as precise dimensional metrology over large distances without interferometric phase ambiguity, or hyperspectral three-dimensional imaging with high spectral resolving power, as we demonstrate with molecule-selective imaging of an absorbing gas.
Convolution model for COVID-19 rate predictions and health effort levels computation for Saudi Arabia, France, and Canada
Authors: Al-Hadeethi Yas , Ramley Intesar F El , Sayyed M. I. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMany published infection prediction models, such as the extended SEIR (E-SEIR) model, are used as a study and report tool to aid health authorities to manage the epidemic plans successfully. These models face many challenges, mainly the reliability of the infection rate predictions related to the initial boundary conditions, formulation complexity, lengthy computations, and the limited result scope. We attribute these challenges to the absence of a solution framework that encapsulates the interacted activities that manage: the infection growth process, the infection spread process and the health effort process. In response to these challenges, we formulated such a framework first as the basis of our new convolution prediction model (CPM). CPM links through convolution integration, three temporal profile levels: input (infected and active cases), transformational (health efforts), and output functions (recovered, quarantine, and death cases). COVID-19 data defines the input and output temporal profiles; hence it is possible to deduce the cumulative efforts temporal response (CETR) function for the health effort level. The new CETR function determines the health effort level over a period. Also, CETR plays a role in predicting the evolution of the underlying infection and active cases profiles without a system of differential equations. This work covers three countries: Saudi Arabia, France, and Canada.
Activity-based epidemic propagation and contact network scaling in auto-dependent metropolitan areas
Authors: Kumar Nishant , Oke Jimi , Nahmias-Biran Bat-hen 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe build on recent work to develop a fully mechanistic, activity-based and highly spatio-temporally resolved epidemiological model which leverages person-trajectories obtained from an activity-based model calibrated for two full-scale prototype cities, consisting of representative synthetic populations and mobility networks for two contrasting auto-dependent city typologies. We simulate the propagation of the COVID-19 epidemic in both cities to analyze spreading patterns in urban networks across various activity types. Investigating the impact of the transit network, we find that its removal dampens disease propagation significantly, suggesting that transit restriction is more critical for mitigating post-peak disease spreading in transit dense cities. In the latter stages of disease spread, we find that the greatest share of infections occur at work locations. A statistical analysis of the resulting activity-based contact networks indicates that transit contacts are scale-free, work contacts are Weibull distributed, and shopping or leisure contacts are exponentially distributed. We validate our simulation results against existing case and mortality data across multiple cities in their respective typologies. Our framework demonstrates the potential for tracking epidemic propagation in urban networks, analyzing socio-demographic impacts and assessing activity- and mobility-specific implications of both non-pharmaceutical and pharmaceutical intervention strategies.
The (a)typical burden of COVID-19 pandemic scenario in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Fumagalli Lucia , Nicoli Monica , Villa Laura , Riva Valentina , Vicovaro Michele , Casartelli Luca 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPsychological and mental health consequences of large-scale anti-contagion policies are assuming strong relevance in the COVID-19 pandemic. We proposed a specific focus on a large sample of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), developing an ad hoc instrument to investigate changes occurred in specific (sub-)domains during a period of national lockdown (Italy). Our questionnaire, named AutiStress, is both context-specific (being set in the COVID-19 pandemic scenario) and condition-specific (being structured taking into account the autistic functioning peculiarities in the paediatric age). An age- and gender-matched group of neurotypical (TD) controls was also provided. As expected, the severe lockdown policies had a general negative impact both on ASD and TD children, reflecting the obvious burden of the pandemic situation. However, our findings also indicate that children with ASD experienced more positive changes than TD ones. Noteworthy, we report a thought-provoking double dissociation in the context-specific predictor (i.e., accessibility to private outdoor spaces), indicating that it impacts differently on the two groups. Focusing on the ASD group, results suggest a condition-specific impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on core autistic (sub-)domains. Taken together, our data call for a multi-layered, context- and condition-specific analysis of the pandemic burden beyond any oversimplification.
Association of tear fluid amyloid and tau levels with disease severity and neurodegeneration
Authors: Gijs Marlies , Ramakers Inez H. G. B. , Visser Pieter Jelle , Verhey Frans R. J. , van de Waarenburg Marjo P. H. , Schalkwijk Casper G. , Nuijts Rudy M. M. A. , Webers Carroll A. B. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThere has been increasing interest in finding non-invasive biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This observational study investigated AD-specific biomarkers in tear fluid. Tear fluid was collected from a total of 65 subjects, including 23 patients with subjective cognitive decline (SCD), 22 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 11 dementia patients and 9 healthy controls (HC). Levels of amyloid-beta peptides (AB38, AB40, AB42), total-tau (t-tau) and phosphorylated-tau (p-tau) were determined using multiplex immunoassays. Levels of AB40 and t-tau were detectable in the vast majority (> 94%) of tear fluid samples. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was available from a subset of patients. In this group, tear t-tau levels were significantly higher in people with dementia compared to SCD patients. Tear t-tau levels were elevated in patients with neurodegeneration (classified according to the A/T/N system) compared to patients without neurodegeneration. Negative correlations were found between CSF AB42 and CSF t-tau, and between CSF AB42 and tear t-tau. In summary, this study shows the potential of tau proteins in tear fluid to be associated with disease severity and neurodegeneration.
Development of a chemical-free floatation technology for the purification of vein graphite and characterization of the products
Authors: Kumara Gamaralalage R. A. , Pitawala Herath Mudiyanselage G. T. A. , Karunarathne Buddika , Mantilaka Mantilaka Mudiyanselage M. G. P. G. , Rajapakse Rajapakse Mudiyanselage G. , Huang Hsin-Hui , De Silva K. Kanishka H. , Yoshimura Masamichi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA novel and simple flotation technique has been developed to prepare high-purity graphite from impure graphite. In this method, a suspension of pristine powdered graphite (PG) is dispersed and stirred in water without adding froth formers or supportive chemicals. This makes fine particles of graphite move upwards and float on water. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis reveals that the floated graphite (FG) has a lower c-axis parameter, indicating the removal of interlayer impurities. A notable increase in the intensity ratio of the D band to G band in the Raman spectra indicates that the FG has more edge defects due to their smaller crystallite sizes. Transmission electron microscopic (TEM) analysis shows the number of layers in FG has been reduced to 16 from 68 in PG. The absence of C=O vibration of Fourier Transformed Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy in treated and untreated samples suggests that their layers are not significantly oxidized. However, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) analysis shows the presence of C–O–C ether functionalities, possibly on edge planes. Further, the product has higher purity with increased carbon content. Therefore, the technique is helpful for the value enhancement of graphite, the reduction of the chemical cost of the conventional techniques, environmental friendliness, and improvement of its applications.
Prescription pattern analysis for antibiotics in working-age workers diagnosed with common cold
Authors: Araki Yasuhiro , Momo Kenji , Yasu Takeo , Ono Kohtaro , Uchikura Takeshi , Koinuma Masayoshi , Sasaki Tadanori 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAntimicrobial resistance is a major health concern. A primary cause is the inappropriate use of antimicrobials, particularly by patients with upper respiratory tract infection. However, baseline information for antibiotic use for common cold before being applied the National Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance in Japan is lacking. Here, we analyzed the inappropriate use of antibiotics in the working-age workers. We used large claims data from an annual health check-up for at least 5 consecutive years. Among 201,223 participants, we included 18,659 working-age workers who were diagnosed with common cold at a clinic/hospital. We calculated the proportion of patients with common cold who were prescribed antibiotics and analyzed predictive factors associated with antibiotics prescription. Antibiotics were prescribed to 49.2% (n = 9180) of patients diagnosed with common cold. In the logistic regression analysis, the group taking antibiotics was predominantly younger, male, without chronic diseases, and diagnosed at a small hospital/clinic (where the number of beds was 0–19). Cephems accounted for the highest proportion of prescribed antibiotics, with 40–45% of patients being prescribed antibiotics. Our data may be applied to prioritize resources such as medical staff-intervention or education of working-age people without chronic diseases who visit clinics for common cold to avoid the potential inappropriate use of antibiotics and prevent antimicrobial resistance acceleration.
Incrimination of shrews as a reservoir for Powassan virus
Authors: Goethert Heidi K. , Mather Thomas N. , Johnson Richard W. , Telford Sam R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPowassan virus lineage 2 (deer tick virus) is an emergent threat to American public health, causing severe neurologic disease. Its life cycle in nature remains poorly understood. We use a host-specific retrotransposon-targeted real time PCR assay to test the hypothesis that white-footed mice, considered the main eastern U.S. reservoir of the coinfecting agent of Lyme disease, is the reservoir for deer tick virus. Of 20 virus-infected host-seeking nymphal black-legged ticks 65% fed on shrews and none on mice. The proportion of ticks feeding on shrews at a site is positively associated with prevalence of viral infection, but not the Lyme disease agent. Viral RNA is detected in the brain of one shrew. We conclude that shrews are a likely reservoir host for deer tick virus and that host bloodmeal analysis can provide direct evidence to incriminate reservoir hosts, thereby promoting our understanding of the ecology of tick-borne infections.
Modeling galvanostatic charge–discharge of nanoporous supercapacitors
Authors: Zeng Liang , Wu Taizheng , Ye Ting , Mo Tangming , Qiao Rui , Feng Guang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMolecular modeling has been considered indispensable in studying the energy storage of supercapacitors at the atomistic level. The constant potential method (CPM) allows the electric potential to be kept uniform in the electrode, which is essential for a realistic description of the charge repartition and dynamics process in supercapacitors. However, previous CPM studies have been limited to the potentiostatic mode. Although widely adopted in experiments, the galvanostatic mode has rarely been investigated in CPM simulations because of a lack of effective methods. Here we develop a modeling approach to simulating the galvanostatic charge–discharge process of supercapacitors under constant potential. We show that, for nanoporous electrodes, this modeling approach can capture experimentally consistent dynamics in supercapacitors. It can also delineate, at the molecular scale, the hysteresis in ion adsorption–desorption dynamics during charging and discharging. This approach thus enables the further accurate modeling of the physics and electrochemistry in supercapacitor dynamics.
A thorough review of models, evaluation metrics, and datasets on image captioning
Authors: Luo Gaifang , Cheng Lijun , Jing Chao , Zhao Can , Song Guozhu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractImage captioning means generate descriptive sentences from a query image automatically. It has recently received widespread attention from the computer vision and natural language processing communities as an emerging visual task. Currently, both components have evolved considerably by exploiting object regions, attributes, attention mechanism methods, entity recognition with novelties, and training strategies. However, despite the impressive results, the research has not yet come to a conclusive answer. This survey aims to provide a comprehensive overview of image captioning methods, from technical architectures to benchmark datasets, evaluation metrics, and comparison of state‐of‐the‐art methods. In particular, image captioning methods are divided into different categories based on the technique adopted. Representative methods in each class are summarized, and their advantages and limitations are discussed. Moreover, many related state‐of‐the‐art studies were quantitatively compared to determine the recent trends and future directions in image captioning. The ultimate goal of this work is to serve as a tool for understanding the existing literature and highlighting future directions in the area of image captioning for Computer Vision and Natural Language Processing communities may benefit from.
Optimisation of the routing protocol for quantum wireless Ad Hoc network
Authors: Zhang Ling , Liu Qin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study addresses the optimisation of on‐demand routing protocols for quantum wireless Ad Hoc network. The study improves the route discovery protocol by proposing a ‘reverse synchronisation method’, which means after the route request is completed, the quantum channel establishment process can be carried out simultaneously with the route reply process. This method is better than the general method which builds quantum channels after the forward path establishment, reduces the time and the number of messages for quantum channel establishment, thus improving the efficiency. Accordingly, this study elaborates the specific methods, procedures and related upgrading message formats involved in quantum route discovery, quantum channel establishment and qubit information transmission of on‐demand routing protocol for quantum wireless Ad Hoc network.
Cycloaddition Initiated by Ynolates: High-Energy Dianion Equivalents as a Molecular Glue
Authors: Shindo Mitsuru , Iwata Takayuki 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this paper, ynolate-initiated cycloaddition (annulation) to form a range of carbocycles and heterocycles is described. Ynolates consist of a ketene anion equivalent, which contains both nucleophilic and electrophilic moieties, and a carbodianion equivalent that achieves double addition. Hence, in addition to the usual [n+2] cycloaddition, ynolates can perform formal [n+1]-type annulations. Their high-energy performance has been demonstrated by their triple addition to arynes to generate triptycenes, in which the C–C triple bond of ynolates is cleaved. The synthetic applications of these methods, including natural products synthesis, are also described.1	Introduction2	Preparation of Ynolates2.1	Double Lithiation2.2	Flow Synthesis2.3	Double Deprotonation3	[2+2] Cycloaddition to C=O Bond3.1	To Aldehydes and Ketones3.2	Sequential Cycloaddition4	[2+2] Cycloaddition to Imino Groups
A “20/20” Match: ACC/AHA 2017 versus ESC/ESH 2018 Guidelines for Management of Hypertension
Authors: Pradhan Akshyaya , Vohra Shweta , Sethi Rishi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHypertension, the commonest noncommunicable disease globally, is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease and renal failure. Theoretically, while it is easy to diagnose and manage by simple measures, practically it has been observed that not only treatment but also diagnosis and its preventive measures are inadequate in developing as well as developed nations. Several guidelines by various international organizations are available to guide clinicians for hypertension management. Though the basic principles of hypertension management are similar in all the guidelines, subtle differences are there. In this article, we compare the two most widely accepted guidelines for hypertension, that is, American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association 2017 Hypertension Guidelines and 2018 European Society of Cardiology and European Society of Hypertension Guidelines on Hypertension. Both the differences and similarities between these two widely followed guidelines are presented.
Impact of Left Atrial Appendage Amputation on Left Atrial Morphology and Rhythm after Off-Pump CABG
Authors: Gerçek Muhammed , Ghabrial Mina , Glaubitz Lina , Kuss Oliver , Aboud Anas , Paluszkiewicz Lech , Gummert Jan , Börgermann Jochen , Gerçek Mustafa 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Objectives Left atrial appendage (LAA) amputation concomitant to coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) has become an increasingly performed technique in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) or with sinus rhythm and a CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥2. However, LAA amputation has come under suspicion to cause postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) due to left atrial (LA) dilation. This study aims to assess this assumption in patients undergoing CABG in off-pump technique with and without amputation of the LAA.
Methods Patients who underwent isolated CABG in off-pump technique without history of AF were retrospectively examined. Cohorts were divided according to the concomitant execution of LAA amputation. LA volume was measured by transthoracic echocardiography and rhythm was analyzed by electrocardiography, medication protocol, and visit documentation. Propensity score (PS) matching was performed based on 20 preoperative risk variables to correct for selection bias.
Results A total of 1,522 patients were enrolled, with 1,267 in the control group and 255 in the LAA amputation group. Occurrence of POAF was compared in 243 PS-matched patient pairs. Neither the unmatched cohort (odds ratio [OR] 0.82; 95% confidence interval or CI [0.61; 1.11], p = 0.19) nor the PS-matched cohort (OR 0.94; 95% CI [0.62; 1.41], p = 0.75) showed significant differences in POAF occurrence. Subgroup analysis of sex, use of β-blockers, pulmonary disease, ejection fraction, and CHA2DS2-VASc-Score also showed no tendencies. LA volume did not change significantly (p = 0.18, 95% CI [−0.29; 1.51]).
Conclusion Surgical amputation of the LAA concomitant to CABG did not lead to LA dilation and has no significant impact on the occurrence of POAF.
Exploiting context-dependent preferences to protect borrowers
Authors: Dezső Linda , Bakó Barna , Neszveda Gábor 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFocusing bias is one of the key contributors to over-borrowing. It describes how people, when making choices, give disproportionate attention and weight to attributes in which their options differ more. In a loan decision, a consumer excessively focuses on the eye-catching difference between getting the loan and not getting it, while ignoring the smaller differences between making and not making repayments. Here, we show a simple trick that nudges the consumer to increase attention on the repayment dimension. In two experimental studies involving one hypothetical loan decision, we demonstrate that the salience of getting the loan can be decreased if one offered plan includes high initial installments. This steeply decreasing installment plan (i.e., with initially high installments that decrease over time) offered alongside the usual flat installments plan (i.e., with equally sized repayments through the whole term) increases consumers’ attention to making repayments, and consequently, they attend less to obtaining the loan. When the choice set includes the steeply decreasing plan, we observe a decreased preference for the flat installment plan and a shift toward not borrowing. Additionally, making repayments on the loan is perceived as a greater burden, and more attention is given to making repayments when the steep plan is present. Policy may combat harmful loan consumption by prescribing the presentation of loan offers such that at least one option includes high initial repayments, which increases attention on making repayments.