bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Thermal Behavior on the Grain Morphology and Dimension of 80mm-Thick Ti6Al4V Plates Joined by Laser Melting Deposition
Authors: Lyu Feiyue , Hu Ke , Wang Leilei , Feng Yu , Zhan Xiaohong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Individually fabrication forged parts and then joining them together through Laser Melting Deposition (LMD) is a viable way for manufacturing large components. For investigating the effect of the grain morphology of LMD joint, two 80mm-thick Ti6Al4V plates are successfully manufactured using three different scanning speeds (10, 15, and 20 mm/s). It is essential for understanding the thermal behaviour of melt pool during LMD to improve process quality. This study focuses on the energy density of heat source and the direction of heat flux, analyzing the effect of thermal behavior on the grain morphology and dimension of deposition area, equiaxed crystal zone (EQZ) and the substrate. The macrostructure is evaluated in the different thermal condition and scanning speeds. An extremely fine equiaxed crystal was observed near the joint boundary with a high temperature gradient and cooling rate. The curve epitaxial growth of fine columnar crystal rather than along straight lines is induced by the direction of heat conduction near the joint boundary. However, the orientation angle of epitaxial growth of the coarse columnar crystal is the same as previous deposition layer at the center of deposition area. Given the effect of high heat accumulation and low temperature gradient during LMD, the dimension of columnar crystal is coarsen significantly at the center of deposition area.
A Pragmatic Study of Congratulation Strategies of Pakistani ESL Learners and British English Speakers
Authors: Malik Nazir Ahmed , Saleem Tahir , Aziz Asif 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
People usually express their feelings and emotions positively to others when they have happy occasions. However, the ways of expressing congratulation may vary because the expressive speech act “congratulations” is not the only way to express happiness and share others their happy news. The present study investigates the congratulation strategies of Pakistani ESL learners and British English speakers under the influence of social distance variable. For this purpose, 120 participants were recruited, and who were further divided into four different groups: 30 British English speakers, 30 Pakistani ESL learners in the elite class, 30 Pakistani ESL learners of the middle class, and 30 Pakistani ESL learners in the lower class. For data collection, a Discourse completion test (DCT) was used as a tool. The findings reveal that the most frequently used types of congratulation strategy are IFID followed by overlapped strategies (a combination of two), an offer of a good wish, expression of happiness, request for information, encouragement, expression of surprise, and suggestion of celebration, while other types of strategies are not used by the participants. The study reveals the existence of positive and negative pragmatic transfer in the use of congratulations by Pakistani ESL learners. The findings further show how the middle and lower class of Pakistani ESL learners use a more elaborated form of CRs as compared to Pakistani ESL learners of elite and British English speakers. The findings may help in understanding the pragmalinguistic and sociopragmatic aspects of Pakistani ESL learners as compared to British English speakers.
Studying the Effect of Curcumin on Hep3B Hepatocarcinoma in Molecular and Biology Research Laboratory at An-Najah National University
Authors: Baker Reem Abu , Menawi Wafaa , Raddad Aseel , Shurafa Haya 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Liver cancer is the growth and spread of cells in the liver that are abnormal. In this research, we examined Curcumin's effects on the growth of Hep3B cells liver in Molecular and Biology Research Laboratory at An-Najah National University. Curcumin regarding several theoretical and practical studies starves cancer cells to death. The life cycle of Hep3B cell has been analyzed by MTS assay, which is used to assess cell proliferation, cell viability, cytotoxicity, and flow cytometry. Our results agreed that Curcumin could a potentially efficient medication in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma, according to the findings of this study which confirms that curcumin treatment inhibited the growth of Hep3B. Thus, taking curcumin in our food is recommended.
Antibiotic Exposure Prevents Acquisition of Beneficial Metabolic Functions in the Preterm Infant Gut Microbiome
Authors: Xu Yanping , Milburn Olivia , Beiersdorfer Traci , Du Lizhong , Akinbi Henry , Haslam David 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Aberrations in the preterm microbiome following antibiotic therapy have been reported in previous studies. The objective of this study was to probe potential underlying mechanisms between this observation and susceptibility to adverse prematurity-related outcomes. Results: Metagenomic shotgun sequencing was performed on 132 fecal and 264 skin samples collected at 1 and 3 weeks of age from 68 infants born at <36 weeks postmenstrual age and birth weight <2000 g. After accounting for gestational age and maternal antibiotics, the distribution of organisms in all samples and the corresponding metabolic pathway abundance were compared between infants exposed to postnatal antibiotics and antibiotics-naïve infants. In antibiotic-naïve infants, gestational and postnatal age imparted similar trajectories on maturation of the microbial community and associated metabolic functional capacity, with postnatal age exerting greater contribution. Antibiotic exposure was associated with reversal in maturation trajectory from the first week to the third week of age (p< 0.001). Butyrate producing genera, including Clostridium and Blautia were significantly more abundant in antibiotic-naïve neonates at 3 weeks postnatal age. Correspondingly, metabolic pathways required for short chain fatty acid synthesis were significantly increased in the antibiotic-naïve infants, but not in antibiotic-exposed neonates, at three weeks after birth. Conclusions: Early brief antibiotic exposure markedly disrupts developmental trajectory of the neonatal microbiome and its corresponding functional capacity. Our findings may provide a mechanistic explanation for the known associations between antibiotic use and adverse outcomes in preterm infants.
Effect of Different Exercise Stressors on Soldier’s Psychophysiological Response and Marksmanship
Authors: Aguilera José Francisco Tornero , Gil-Cabrera Jaime , Regueros Agustín Curiel , Clemente-Suárez Vicente Javier 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Authors have proposed that depending on the type of fatigue, either central or peripherical, as well as previous training and experience, shooting impairment may occur in different gradients. However, the effects of different stressor stimuli on fine motor skills as shooting is yet not fully understood.Methods: The present research aimed to analyze the effect of endurance and resisted physical stressors on the psychophysiological response and pistol marksmanship of soldiers, and the possible differences by gender and weigh. Variables of heart rate, isometric hand strength, rated of perceived exertion and pistol marksmanship were analyzed in 86 soldiers in basal, endurance and resisted stress protocols moments.Results: Isometric hand strength, HR and RPE were significantly higher in both resisted and endurance physical stress protocols than in basal sample. Gender differences were seen, among strength, cardiovascular and RPE values. Also, soldiers with larger BMI presented significantly higher isometric hand strength and higher marksmanship in all moments evaluated. Conclusions: An endurance stress protocol produced a higher cardiovascular and perceived exertion than a resisted one, not affecting hand strength, shooting heart rate and marksmanship. Females presented lower hand strength marksmanship and higher rated of perceived exertion and heart rate during the endurance and resisted stress protocols than males. Overweight soldiers have higher heart rate during both protocols, higher hand strength and marksmanship, and similar hear rate while shooting than normoweight soldiers.
Thermal expansion of minerals in the amphibole supergroup
Authors: Tribaudino Mario , Hovis Guy L. , Almer Christine , Leaman Amanda 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We have investigated the thermal expansion of 15 naturally occurring chemically diverse amphiboles utilizing high-temperature X-ray powder diffraction. As done in the first paper of this series on pyroxenes, volume-temperature data were analyzed using the physical Kroll and empirical Fei thermal expansion models. As in pyroxenes, orthorhombic amphibole end-members expand more than monoclinic ones, which is related to the greater kinking of the chains of tetrahedra permitted by the Pnma symmetry. In the case of chemically similar phases, increased Al in octahedral cation sites decreases expansion. Although the ranges of thermal expansion coefficients for amphiboles and pyroxenes are similar, expansion patterns are not the same. Amphiboles exhibit higher expansion along a*, but lower along b, just the reverse of that observed in pyroxenes. An exception to this is the data for pargasite, which shows higher expansion along the b axis due to the presence of Al in tetrahedral sites. Current data will be useful in modeling reactions involving amphiboles in both metamorphic and igneous environments.
Rivaroxaban in patients with atrial fibrillation: from research to real practice (based on REGistry of Long-term AnTithrombotic TherApy-2 (REGATA))
Authors: Kropacheva E. S. , Krivosheeva E. N. , Panchenko E. P. 
Published: July 2021

Introduction. Despite the large evidence base for the use of rivaroxaban, cohort studies are interesting because shows the possibility of anticoagulant therapy in patients with high thromboembolic and bleeding risk and a burden of comorbidity in practice.Aim: to evaluate the efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation in prospective REGATTA registry.Materials and methods. This study is a fragment of a single-center prospective REGATA registry (Registry of Long-term Antithrombotic Therapy (NCT043447187), conducted on the basis of the National Research Center of Cardiology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. 152 patients with high thromboembolic risk (median CHA2DS2-VASc = 4) received rivaroxaban therapy (median follow-up 1.5 years). The efficacy endpoint was the sum of cardiovascular complications (including cardiovascular death, ischemic stroke, and acute coronary syndrome). The safety endpoint bleedinds BARC types 2-5.Results. The frequency of cardiovascular events (combining cardiovascular death, ischemic stroke and acute coronary syndrome) was 5.8/100 patient-years. The use of a “reduced” dose of rivaroxaban was an independent predictor of the development of fatal cardiovascular complications. The rate of major bleeding was 3.7/100 patient-years, and the rate of clinical relevant bleedings was 19.4 /100 patientyears. The predictors of major/ clinical relevant bleedings were chronic kidney disease with a decrease in creatinine clearance of less than 50 ml/min and the anamneses of major/ clinical relevant bleedings.Conclusion. The main requirement for improving the safety of anticoagulants is follow up, focused in all changes in the cardiovascular and somatic status of the patient during treatment.
Risk assessment and prevention of venous thromboembolism among hospitalized patients: Results of the regional multicenter study
Authors: Sugraliyev A. B. , Aktayeva Sh. S. , Zhangelova Sh. B. , Shiller S. A. , Kussymzhanova Zh. M. , Tuganbekova S. K. , Sheriyazdan Zh. S. , Danyarova B. L. , Tsai V. E. 
Published: July 2021

Introduction. Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a major public health issue that is frequently underestimated. The primary objective of this multicenter study was to identify patients at risk for VTE, and to define the rate of patients receiving appropriate prophylaxis in the regions of Kazakhstan.Materials and methods. Standardized case report forms were filled by trained medical doctors on one predefined day in selected hospitals. Data were analyzed by independent biostatistician. Risk of VTE was categorized according to Caprini score which was recommended by 2004 American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) guidelines.Results. 432 patients from 4 regions of Kazakhstan; 169 (39.10%) medical patients and 263 (60.9%) surgical patients were eligible for the study. Patients were at low (10%), moderate (19.2%), high (33.6%) and very high risk (37.3%) for VTE. The main risk factors (RF) of VTE among hospitalized patients were heart failure (HF), obesity, prolonged bed rest, and the presence of acute non-infective inflammation. From total number of hospitalized patients with RF with indications to VTE prophylaxis, 58.1% of patients received pharmacological prophylaxis and only 24.6% of them received VTE prophylaxis according ACCP. On the other hand, 23.5% patients with the risk of VTE but who were not eligible for it received pharmacological prophylaxis.Conclusion. These results indicate the existence of inconsistency between eligibility for VTE prophylaxis on one hand and its application in practice (p < 0.001). Risk factors for VTE and eligibility for VTE prophylaxis are common, but VTE prophylaxis and guidelines application are low.
Influence of multisite calibration on streamflow estimation based on the hydrological model with CMADS inputs
Authors: Song Yongyu , Zhang Jing , Lai Yuequn 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Due to the spatial heterogeneity, the hydrological model calibration results only at the total outlet of the basin may not represent the whole basin. To more accurately simulate the historical streamflow process within the Qujiang River Basin, we set up three calibration strategies (single-site, S1; multisite simultaneous, S2; and multisite sequential, S3) for four hydrological stations based on the SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model driven by CMADS (China Meteorological Assimilation Driving Datasets for the SWAT model). In addition, the implications of these calibration issues are extended to future streamflow projections using multimodel ensemble data in CMIP6 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6). In the model calibration phase, the SWAT model achieved very satisfactory results in the study area. Compared with S1 and S2, S3 can effectively improve the accuracy of streamflow simulation of stations within the basin and reduce the simulation deviation. Especially at the daily scale, the average NSE values of the four stations with S3 increased by 0.26 and 0.07, and the overall deviation decreased by 0.25 and 6.43%, respectively. Parameter sensitivity analysis also shows that spatial heterogeneity can be more adequately considered when using S3 to calibrate the model. As for the results of future streamflow projection, when using the S3, the average annual streamflow of four stations in the three climate scenarios from 2021 to 2050 is about 44.21, 130.00, 321.55 and 713.24 m3/s, respectively. Correspondingly, the use of S1 and S2 would bring certain risks to future water resource management.
A multi-objective optimization method based on NSGA-III for water quality sensor placement with the aim of reducing potential contamination of important nodes
Authors: Jafari Hamideh , Nazif Sara , Rajaee Taher 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
One way to mitigate the risk of consumption of contaminated water in water distribution networks is optimal placement of the quality sensors. A considerable challenge in this respect is the significance of contamination at a junction. Beside the population affected and the volume of the contaminated water consumed, importance of each junction is a parameter that must be taken into account in placing the sensors. This parameter directly concerns the service provided by each junction as well as the sensitivity and social consequences of junction contamination. The present study defines a new objective function for minimizing the effect of junction contamination with respect to its importance. Using a robust approach, this study applied the NSGA-III algorithm to solve a 5-objective problem. The algorithm was tested on a hypothetical network and a benchmark network and the Pareto response was selected for each scenario based on the slope of the different points. The proposed method suggested 12, 12, and 11 sensors for the three scenarios in the hypothetical network. The results show that sensor placement by this method yielded good performance in comparison with the other solutions presented in a benchmark network.
Effect of the famine phase length on the properties of aerobic granular sludge treating greywater
Authors: Rojas-Z U. , Fajardo-O C. , Moreno-Andrade I. , Monroy O. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Sequencing batch reactors (SBR) treating high-strength greywater need an aerobic granular sludge (AGS) with good properties, such as a low sludge volume index (SVI) and high settling velocities and substrate uptake rates to yield short settling and aeration stages. To promote the formation of stable granular sludge, the length of the famine phase could be a key factor. In this regard, the effect of the duration of this variable on the AGS properties was assessed by comparing a gradual versus an abrupt reduction of the famine phase in two SBR treating greywater. The initial average famine phase of 3.3 h was gradually reduced to 0.3 h over 20 weeks in one reactor, and abruptly in another one. This condition induced filamentous outgrowth, as well as the deterioration on the properties of the sludge; the effect was more accelerated when the famine periods were abruptly shortened. In both cases the reduction on the famine periods induced increased organic loading rates, which led to degranulation events when it was higher than 2.5 g-chemical oxygen demand g-volatile suspended solids−1 d−1. Afterwards, the biomass adapted to this situation, by forming new small-filamentous aggregates with similar SVI to that of the stable AGS formed with the longest famine period.
Amelioration of Experimental Hepatotoxicity in Rats by Portulaca
oleracea Linn. from Kashmir Himalaya
Authors: Dar Mohd A. , Mir Prince A. , Masoodi Mubashir H. , Alqahtani Ali S. , Siddiqui Nasir A. , Ahmad Bahar 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Traditionally, Portulaca oleracea Linn. is used for treating abscesses,
dysentery and liver diseases. In addition, recent studies have reported its efficacy as an analgesic,
as neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, bronchodilatory, and anticancer agent, besides antioxidant,
wound healing and other important pharmacological actions.

Aim and Objective:
For curing liver diseases, Chinese use juice from the fresh leaves of Portulaca
oleracea Linn. Hence, to prove this claim, an in-vivo hepatoprotective study of extracts from
Portulaca oleracea Linn. against carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxic rats was carried out.

Methods:
The in-vitro antioxidant activity by using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free
radical scavenging assay and hepatoprotective activity of extracts of Portulaca oleracea Linn. was
assessed against the carbon tetrachloride-induced toxicity rat model.

Results:
The extracts of Portulaca oleracea Linn produced concentration-dependent percentage
inhibition of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical and most significantly, by
methanol extract. Among the extracts, methanol extract showed a significant decrease in Serum
glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT),
alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels and a significant increase in total protein (TP) levels against
carbon tetrachloride-induced liver toxicity

Conclusion:
From the results obtained, it was concluded that methanol extract of Portulaca
oleracea Linn. possesses significant DPPH free radical scavenging and hepatoprotective potential.
circPUM1 Activates the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway by Sponging to
Promote the Proliferation, Invasion and Glycolysis of Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Huang Fei , Tang Di , Chen Yang , Liu Yuhong , Tao Qiang , Fan YouWen , Ma Chao , Li Dong 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Our study seeks to obtain data to assess the impact of circPUM1 on pancreatic
cancer (PC) and its mechanism.

Methods:
The expression of circPUM1 and miR-200c-3p in PC and normal tissues and PC cell lines was
collected and detected, and subsequently dual-luciferase assay-based verification of the binding site of
the two was carried out. After interfering with circPUM1 expression in MIAPaCa-2 and PANC-1 cells,
cell proliferation, viability, apoptosis rate, invasion ability, glucose consumption, and lactate production
were measured by MTT, colony formation, flow cytometry, Transwell assays, and glucose and lactate
assay kits. Additionally, western blot was utilized for assessing PI3K/AKT signaling pathway-related
proteins. From the results, highly expressed circPUM1 and miR-200c-3p in PC tissues and cells were
proved.

Results:
Down-regulation of circPUM1 expression significantly inhibited cell proliferation, cell viability,
invasion and glycolysis, while increasing the apoptosis rate. Down-regulated circPUM1 led to the
inhibition of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway activity in PC cells; while up-regulated circPUM1 increased
its activity. Further experiments revealed that down-regulation of miR-200c-3p expression reversed
the inhibitory effect of lowly expressed circPUM1 on PC cells.

Conclusion:
In summary, circPUM1 activates PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by sponging miR-200c-3p
and promotes PC progression.
Diagnosis of COVID-19 Using Machine Learning and Deep Learning: A Review
Authors: Mondal M. Rubaiyat Hossain , Bharati Subrato , Podder Prajoy 
Published: July 2021

Background:
This paper provides a systematic review of the application of Artificial Intelligence
(AI) in the form of Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) techniques in fighting
against the effects of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19).

Objective & Method:
The objective is to perform a scoping review on AI for COVID-19 using preferred
reporting items of systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. A literature
search was performed for relevant studies published from 1 January 2020 till 27 March 2021. Out
of 4050 research papers available in reputed publishers, a full-text review of 440 articles was done
based on the keywords of AI, COVID-19, ML, forecasting, DL, X-ray, and Computed Tomography
(CT). Finally, 52 articles were included in the result synthesis of this paper. As part of the review,
different ML regression methods were reviewed first in predicting the number of confirmed
and death cases. Secondly, a comprehensive survey was carried out on the use of ML in classifying
COVID-19 patients. Thirdly, different datasets on medical imaging were compared in terms of the
number of images, number of positive samples and number of classes in the datasets. The different
stages of the diagnosis, including preprocessing, segmentation and feature extraction were also reviewed.
Fourthly, the performance results of different research papers were compared to evaluate
the effectiveness of DL methods on different datasets.

Results:
Results show that residual neural network (ResNet-18) and densely connected convolutional
network (DenseNet 169) exhibit excellent classification accuracy for X-ray images, while
DenseNet-201 has the maximum accuracy in classifying CT scan images. This indicates that ML
and DL are useful tools in assisting researchers and medical professionals in predicting, screening
and detecting COVID-19.

Conclusion:
Finally, this review highlights the existing challenges, including regulations, noisy data,
data privacy, and the lack of reliable large datasets, then provides future research directions in
applying AI in managing COVID-19.