bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ecological Aspects of the Detached House Construction
Authors: Kocourkova Gabriela , Vankova Lucie , Krejza Zdenek 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The article deals with the ecological impacts during a detached house construction and looks for the optimal way of its financing. The aim of the article is to evaluate how much the house construction costs would increase in the case of the use of materials, which production generates smaller volume of negative emissions. The issue of the environment in relation to ecological construction has been widely discussed in recent years. The construction industry burdens the environment already by the production of building materials, extraction of raw materials, energy consumption, through designing activities and construction itself, to the phase of the building use and its eventual liquidation. There are six basic requirements for building materials used in construction, which are required for the quality environmentally friendly construction: the statics and stability of buildings must be provided, noise protection, fire safety, hygienic safety and reduced environmental impact must be met, buildings must provide safe use and well-being, and last but not least energy efficiency. Already in the structure construction phase, it is necessary to consider the appropriate selection of building materials, for which it is necessary to take into account ecological criteria. Appropriate selection of building materials results in a positive effect on the environment. When optimizing the total cost of building a detached house from an ecological point of view, the procedure consists in replacing the most cost-effective items in the construction budget by alternative materials with regard to ecology. When choosing alternative materials, maintaining the standard of the brick building and the aesthetic character of the house are taken into account. When comparing the budgets of both variants, it was found out that a detached house built using alternative, more environmentally friendly materials, resulted more expensive. However, the price difference is slight. Own housing can be financed in several ways. One option is to use your resources. However, this method is currently unrealistic for most people, and therefore they often choose the option of combining their resources with external sources. The most commonly used products for housing financing are building savings loans and mortgage loans. Another possibility is to use subsidy programmes for housing to finance the house, which are often focused on supporting ecological construction and housing.
Enhance the Public Space: An Ecomuseum for Monterosso Almo (RG) in Sicily
Authors: Cantone Fernanda 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The city has become the place of sustainability and public space is one of the main elements of this concept: it does not consume land, it recovers the existing building assets, it works with requalification, re-design, accessibility and availability. In this sense, public space takes on an ecological and environmental connotation, supported by a growing respect for nature. Nowadays, in historical small towns, all works addressing the public space acknowledge an overlapping of traces and testimonies that identify those space as assets to be protected, but also made available to the public. In this regard, it is also necessary to protect the buildings that define this space. A tool is enhancement. Enhancement means taking actions aimed at giving value. Its objectives focus by integrating the architectural heritage into contemporary life, by strengthening social development, as well as the economy, and defining its roots and identity. Today, enhancement connects the past with the future and provides an occasion to highlight the tangible and intangible resources safeguarded by such heritage. For ordinary heritage the only possible strategy is represented by eco-museums, through a systemic approach towards all tangible and intangible elements. The case study is a very small town in the country of Ragusa, Sicily, Italy, is considered a “cultural, natural and architectonical landscape” and reflects the combined works of nature and humankind, where cultural heritage is located both in rural areas, both in center of town. The city has an interesting old town consisting in two important historical area: Matrice district and San Giovanni district. In them there are small palaces built almost all after the earthquake of 1693, beautiful churches even older, beautiful woods and views that design public space. This research is aimed at retrieving the present architecture and landscape by using the existing structures to leave an indelible mark on renovation projects. The enhancement project guides the birth of the eco-museum; it identifies, selects and recovers the existing building assets, proposing attractive and economically interesting functions for public space. An action based on eco-museums helps breathing new life into a community and its heritage, promoting life, economy and tourism.
Climate-Friendly Cities – Blue-Green Infrastructure Activities
Authors: Pancewicz Alina 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Increasing climate change affects many aspects of cities and their inhabitants. Extreme weather phenomena destroy urban areas, infrastructure and green spaces. Activities taken to improve the resilience of cities and their adaptation to climate change aim to reduce or avoid negative consequences, or to increase the benefits of risks. They are different in character and take different forms, depending on the level of economic and social development, financial, institutional, human, and knowledge resources. The planning and urban development tools and instruments used are also important. An integral part of adaptation activities is the development of modern systems of blue-green urban infrastructure. The experience of the last few years has shown the diversity of applied projects based on natural solutions. They are reflected both in the provisions of climate strategies and in the realizations visible in the urban landscape. The paper focuses on planning and implementation activities that strengthen resilience to climate change, highlight the importance of ecosystem services and shape urban space. The research focuses on polish cities that have undertaken the development of Urban Adaptation Plans (MPA). The aim of this paper is to present the blue-green infrastructure activities included in the MPA, the possibilities for their implementation and to show their role in improving the quality of life in cities, increasing the attractiveness of urban spaces and raising the awareness and involvement of local communities.
Protection Perimeter of a New Mineral Water in an Essentially Urban Environment: The Case of the São Tiago Medical Spa (Portugal)
Authors: Ferreira Gomes Luis M. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
São Tiago medical spa is an integrated structure in a new Health Tourism Complex, in Penamacor, Portugal, with a recent start of operation, due to the classification of a new natural mineral water in place. That medical spa bases its exploration on the natural mineral water obtained from the Well P1. Thus, to facilitate the preservation of the quality of the resource, natural mineral water, one of the fundamental instruments is the implementation of a Protection Perimeter of Well P1 and its associated aquifer system. In this sense, in this paper, after briefly presenting the basic geoenvironmental aspects that are the base for the elaboration of the Protection Perimeter, the methodology of its elaboration is explained, with the final solution, which constitutes a territory organized by three zones: Immediate Protection Zone, Intermediate Protection Zone and Extended Protection Zone. The official restrictions legally foreseen for those zones are mentioned and the official systematization of the current occupation of the territory is presented, in terms of the Municipal Master Plan (PDM), while emphasizing the potential sources of existing pollution. Finally, some comments are made about the future orientation regarding the occupation of the territory in the interior zones of the Protection Perimeter, so that the new Health Tourism complex, consisting of a medical spa, hotel, and aqualudic spaces, endures in the time, and helps the sustained economic growth of the region.
Question of Authenticity of Steel Sheet Roof Cover on Traditional Housing Units in Urban Environment
Authors: Šabić Lejla 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Elaborating on the theory of analytical philosophy and conservation doctrine, and a case study of a selected sample, the paper discusses the authenticity of the secondary roof cover of steel sheets on traditional Bosnian houses built for housing or economic purposes. Although such steel sheet replica of a shingle or šimla wooden cover is registered and defined as authentic in rural areas, its authenticity in urban traditional areas, where it can also be found, although not as often, has not been doctrinally examined. Comparative analysis of results of theoretical base and statistical data obtained from the selected sample determines the context where it is possible and recommendable to treat the steel sheet roof cover as authentic when carrying out restoration and reconstruction.
Historic Building Simulation of the Internal Insulation Behavior in Climate of Slovakia in a Case Study
Authors: Hutkai Kristián , Katunský Dušan , Zozulák Marek , Guman Matej 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Main topic of the article speaks about historic building renovation in Košice. Nowadays, the building is in use as puppet theatre. The theatre suffers from various disorders caused by humidity. The envelope of building has been renovated several times, however, over time, the faults return over and over. The article can be divided into two parts. The first one presents the results of moisture analysis of the support wall. The samples from the facade probes were evaluated by gravimetric method. The second part of the article discusses the interior insulation of a historic building. Internal insulation is one of the solutions to reduce heat loss of historic buildings. The use of this type of insulation brings risks that affect the thermal-humidity behaviour of the perimeter structure. These risks are assessed using a simulation model. In addition to the risks, the impact of the insulation on the original wall structure and the impact on the indoor environment were also assessed. Based on the simulation results, we can assess whether the restoration approach is appropriate in this specific case of using insulation. The study shows that the initial humidity of the perimeter wall structure is an important factor for internal insulation. Before applying the internal insulation, it is necessary to examine the moisture and material properties of the masonry.
Parameters of Sand-Tyre Chips Mixture for Hardening Soil Small Constitutive Model
Authors: Kowalska Magdalena 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHardening Soil model with the small strain extension (HSS) is lately one of the most popular constitutive models to describe soil behaviour. It is versatile – includes the phenomena of shear strength, stress history, dilatancy, volumetric and shear hardening, hyperbolic stress-strain relationship in axial compression, stiffness dependency on stress and its degradation with strain, as well as the regain of the high stiffness after sharp loading reversals. Even though the model is advanced and complex, accordingly to its authors, it is relatively easy to calibrate based on results of standard tests and empirical formulas. In this paper an attempt was undertaken to estimate the parameters of untypical anthropogenic soils – mixtures of sand and scrap tyre rubber in order to build a database for future numerical analyses. A literature review was conducted and, eventually, the material parameters were determined based on results of a series of laboratory tests (cyclic and monotonic triaxial with bender elements, direct shear) published by researchers of Wollongong University of Australia.
Constructions of buildings based on solid wooden elements
Authors: Švajlenka Jozef , Kozlovská Mária 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Wood has excellent physical, technological, aesthetic and utility properties. Thanks to them, wooden buildings are very popular and allow to build economically advantageous and modern wooden buildings with long life and durability and thus a positive impact on the ecological and so-called. clean future. Knowledge of its basic properties is the first prerequisite for its proper use in various industries and in human life. In the world, but also in our country, the trend of wooden buildings is becoming more and more widespread, not only in the understanding of cottages, wooden houses and family houses using wooden elements. Massive prefabricated log buildings are a typical representative of wood-based buildings. Massive log buildings have undergone some development and currently in construction practice, this system for the construction of wooden buildings in various more modern modifications. The aim of this paper is to present selected aspects of traditional but also blue log constructions and their application at present.
Construction Waste Production in Macroeconomic Context
Authors: Marek Martin , Korytárová Jana 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This article aims at presenting the economic impacts of implementing the basic principles of construction demolition waste management in terms of saving construction costs. Emphasis is placed on fulfilling the 3R principle, i.e. reducing waste, reusing it, and recycling resources and products. Construction and demolition waste represents the largest mass waste flow in the EU, e.g. in 2018, it represented 36% of the total waste production in the whole EU- 27. The European Union is gradually introducing measures to reduce the production of construction waste compared to the Czech Republic, where the share of construction demolition waste on the total production was up to 42% in 2018. This value exceeds the EU-27 average. The article analyses available statistical data from the national CZSO and the European statistical office EUROSTAT on the waste production classified according to EWC-STAT, which is a classification of waste according to Directive No. 2150/2002. Items monitoring the waste produced by the construction industry are listed on the 41st to 43rd place of the EWC-STAT list of all monitored waste. The data obtained allows comparing three branches of construction production, the 41st Building construction, 42nd Civil engineering, and 43rd Specialized construction activities. Another possibility to obtain data is to use a division according to the waste producer economic activity (CZ NACE). The data obtained in this way is compared with the performance indicators of the national economy. By comparing the size of the construction demolition waste production with the performance of the national economy (especially the GDP indicator), the degree of their interdependence was determined. The aim of the analysis is to assess the relation between the country’s economic performance and the production of construction and demolition waste. The next step was to perform an analysis from the point of view of the 3R principle in order to examine the impact of measures to reduce the construction demolition waste production in connection with the already initiated processes of its possible recycling or reuse.
Architectural Valorization: Lighting Design Solution for the Bell Tower of “San Pasquale a Chiaia” Church
Authors: Iuliano Giuseppina , Spanodimitriou Yorgos , Ciampi Giovanni , Scorpio Michelangelo , Sibilio Sergio 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Christian churches and their bell towers represent a big part of the historical architectural heritage in Italy, and they had a major role in the development of the urban and social fabric of the Italian cities. This study is focused on the design of a lighting renovation for the bell tower of “San Pasquale a Chiaia” (Napoli, south of Italy). The lighting refurbishment is designed with the aim of: (i) emphasizing the architecture of the bell tower façades and (ii) providing a figurative and emotional role to the whole building. Several lighting scenarios have been implemented in order to compare the different luminaire types and arrangements on the basis of the effectiveness in valorizing the architectural characteristics of the bell tower, as well as the energy performances of the different design solutions. Finally, the best case has been further implemented in order to take into account the different needs of the historical building as well as the enhancement of the surrounding urban spaces.
Mobility as a crucial factor of spatial development in Function urban areas - Case study of Kosice region
Authors: Eliaš Ladislav , Ondrejička Vladimír , Ondrejičková Silvia , Nič Milan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The majority of the population of Slovakia - 53.35% live in 141 cities, with a density of 398.27 inhabitants/km2 which, however, occupy an area of only 14.9% of the total territory of the republic. In 2749 villages occupying 85.1% of its territory, 46.65% of the population lives at a density of 60.98 inhabitants/km2. In the last century, there was a significant migration of the village population in Slovakia to work in the cities. In the Slovak Republic, there are 325.8 dwellings per 1000 inhabitants, this indicator in the original states of the European Union ranges from 390 to 500 dwellings per 1000 inhabitants. The current shortage of flats in Slovakia has also become a political agenda; the current government has to build 25,000 flats a year in the program. The biggest obstacle to the housing construction program is the lack of suitable building plots. It is not possible to find enough plots only in the territory of cities, it will be necessary to organically involve municipalities in the vicinity – I functional urban areas of economically prosperous cities/regional centres in the preparation of suitable building plots and related infrastructure. The development of municipalities so far, as well as the preparation of building plots for housing construction, which relies on the "market will solve it" model, has not proved successful. Developers in the pursuit of financial profit have focused on the production of as many apartments as possible in the vicinity of economically prosperous cities without building the necessary infrastructure. Thus, new "Satellite Cities" were created, with a deficient transport connection to the dominant city. Based on the research made, we concluded that living in a village for workers working in the city requires quick transport between home and work. So effective mobility is a priority but also a necessary condition for young families to decide where to live. Article summarizing research dealing with the challenge mentioned above and offers a case study from Slovakia especially from FUA of regional centre Košice. Case study including the proposal for the mobility model for specific villages in FUA of Košice.
Definition of Socio-Economic Impacts of Large-Scale Development Projects within Urban Development
Authors: Pelčák Svatopluk , Korytárová Jana 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The article focuses on the socio-economic impacts of large-scale urban development projects in cities. Both in Czech cities and large cities around the world, there is increasing pressure on converting previously unused areas (“greenfields”) as well as the areas that no longer serve their original purpose and are inefficiently used (“brownfields”) to new use purposes. As a result, public administration representatives face a difficult decision on how to change the use of these areas to be consistent with the current zoning plan. The resulting decision has to be explained to the public in such a way that they feel they meet the public needs and interests. Decision-makers need valid and accurate inputs to make the right decisions. Therefore, it is necessary to clearly define and describe the procedure for assessing the benefits of these important revitalization or regeneration projects for various segments of the public. Only a small part of the urban development project impacts is of a purely financial character. Therefore, the evaluation process uses modelling of socio-economic impacts, which are evaluated financially, so that the decision-makers are able to compare the most valid impacts to the initial investment costs necessary for converting the territory into the area with new functional use. The research sample consists of important urban development projects in the largest cities in the Czech Republic. Most of these projects consist have a territorial study, which was established as the main source of relevant information for the analyses. The outputs of the research described in the article build on the previous research of the authors, where they defined 3 basic variables - Incremental capacity of jobs, Incremental capacity of the population and Incremental capacity of visitors as the carriers of following project socio-economic impacts on the territory. The research article presents a list of socio-economic impacts defined on the basis of incremental capacities.
A Participatory Approach on Saving Vernacular Timber Heritage: A Case Study on Relocating a Wooden Church in Romania
Authors: Isopescu Bogdan , Blidariu Cristian , Stoian Valeriu 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a case study on participatory and collaborative traditional design-build architecture in Romania. The focus is set on dismantling, relocating, rebuilding and reusing a 19th century wooden church with the efforts of the adopting community. In Romania, wood is used as a traditional building material, largely for roof framing elements in urban areas and in most mountainous rural areas for the construction of houses and churches. Due to an ongoing demographic rural-urban migration and emigration many villages have, and are being depopulated, subsequently abandoned and many such structures left behind. Under these circumstances, the possibility of dismantling, relocating and reusing these types of structures has become economically viable in comparison to new-built structures. The design for disassembly, inherent to vernacular timber architecture and how the deconstruction and reuse of timber elements maintain their value through efficient reuse makes it a suitable work frame for a participatory based approach involving communities with basic construction skill levels. Thus strengthening communities, maintaining and developing local identity through heritage and crafts. This type of action shows an increasing potential for saving timber vernacular structures by activating local communities and responding to their needs, in a time where the concern for natural resource management and re-cycling or up-cycling is becoming ever more important. The aim of the project is to increase awareness regarding timber built heritage by formulating a successful example of a participatory design- build project. A desired goal is to shift the architectural discourse by coalescing it with wider views of democracy and alternative visions of a sustainable future.