bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PERANAN STRUKTUR PENGENDALIAN INTERN PENERIMAAN DAN PENGELUARAN KAS PADA BAITUL QIRADH AMANAH
Authors: - Syamsidar , - Idayani 
Published: January 2021

Pengendalian Intern Penerimaan dan Pengeluaran Kas pada Baitul Qiradh secara umum memiliki peran yang sudah seKeuangan Syariâ€™ah, Â yaitu pada struktur organisasi pembagian tugas, wewenang dan pemisahan fungsi masing-masing pegawai belum berjalan optimal.Penerapan Struktur Pengendalian Intern menurut standar Koperasi Jasa Keuangan Syariâ€™ah seperti pencatatan terhadap kas telah dilakukan sesuai dengan bukti transaksi yang telah mendapat persetujuan pihak yang berwenang, namun bila dilihat dari pengarsipan dokumen masih kurang tertata dengan sempurna.Â Aktivitas perusahan sudah memadai, tetapi bila dilihat dari prosedur pengendalian belum adanya audit internal, hal tersebut seharusnya ada, untuk perbaikan terhadap pelaksanaan yang sudah ditetapkan oleh manajemen perusahaan dimasa mendatang.Â Kata Kunci: Standar Operasional, Pengendalian, Kas
I'M GIVEN A CORPUS – WHAT TO DO WITH IT? CORPUS TECHNOLOGIES IN RUSSIAN LANGUAGE TEACHING AND LEARNING
Authors: Лебедева М.Ю. 
Published: January 2021

Статья посвящена корпусной лингводидактике – прикладной междисциплинарной области, изучающей возможности, преимущества и ограничения применения языковых корпусов в обучении языку. В сфере обучения русскому языку, в том числе РКИ, это направление только развивается, однако уже сейчас очевиден потенциал корпусного подхода как в практике преподавания языка, так и в развитии методики РКИ; как на уровне создания учебных материалов, так и на уровне разработки автоматизированных обучающих систем и других продуктов на стыке лингводидактики и информационных технологий. В статье предлагается обзор направлений корпусной лингводидактики русского языка, таких как корпусное преподавание, разработка средств обучения с опорой на корпус и создание специальных корпусов для прикладных лингводидактических задач.
Сorpus linguistics, corpus-based languagу teaching, corpus-driven language teaching, corpora, corpus technologies.
The article is devoted to the possibilities, advantages and limitations of the use of language corpora in language teaching. In the field of teaching the Russian language, including Russian as a foreign language, this direction is only developing, however, the potential of the corpus approach is already obvious both in the practice of teaching the language and in the development of the RFL methodology; both in creating educational materials, and in developing automated training systems and other products. The article offers an overview of the areas of utilizing corpora in Russian language teaching, such as direct use, indirect use and the creation of special corpora for applied pedagogical problems. The article opens the special issue. The article was prepared in full within the state assignment of Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation for 2020-2024 (No. FZNM-2020-0005)
RUSSIAN SET EXPRESSIONS IN SPEECH OF FOREIGNERS: CORPUS APPROACH
Authors: Еремина О.С. 
Published: January 2021

Ошибки при выборе устойчивых/несвободных выражений характерны для речи иностранцев даже с высоким уровнем владения русским языком. Частотность этих ошибок вызвана широкой распространенностью таких выражений в языке и связана с их семантической непрозрачностью и нередкими расхождениями между внешним морфологическим оформлением и реальной грамматической функцией. Анализ ошибок в использовании иностранцами несвободных выражений на материале Русского учебного корпуса показывает, что трудности у студентов РКИ могут быть разной природы и возникают при использовании в речи устойчивых выражений самых разных типов. Использование таких корпусных ресурсов, как Национальный корпус русского языка и Ruskell, может помочь студентам в работе над развитием навыков правильного употребления русских несвободных выражений. В статье представлены рекомендации по выбору ресурса и ожидаемые ограничения в их использовании.
Errors made in choosing or structuring a set expression are quite common for foreign speakers of Russian even for those with a good mastering of the language. The large amount of these errors is caused by the frequency of set expressions in the language, and is associated with their semantic opacity and with well-known discrepancies between their morphological form and grammatical function. These discrepancies can vary and are depend on the degree of freedom of the expression’s elements (i.e. on the type of the expression).The analysis of errors in set expressions in the Russian Learner Corpus; has demonstrated that the difficulties that the students face can be of different nature and are manifested in various types of expressions. Use of corpus resources such as the Russian National Corpus and Ruskell may help improve students’ proficiency in Russian set expressions. The applicability and effectiveness of these resources varies for set expressions of different types. The paper provides recommendations for choosing efficient corpus recourses, and indicates restrictions of different corpora.
ON THE RELEVANCE OF CORPUS DATA FOR TEACHING RUSSIAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE. THE EXAMPLE OF CREATING VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR EXERCISES
Authors: МОРОЗОВА П.А. 
Published: January 2021

В статье проводится мысль о наличии особых условий, при которых лингвистический корпус из необъятного набора данных способен превратиться в рабочий инструмент для решения насущных задач преподавателя РКИ. Описывается реальный опыт составления лексико-грамматических упражнений на корпусной основе, предназначенных для немецкоязычных школьников, имеющих пробелы в изучении русской падежной системы. Особое внимание в статье уделяется логике формирования сложных поисковых запросов для отбора единиц с нужными лексико-грамматическими параметрами.
This article suggests that there is a number of special conditions under which a linguistic corpus can turn from an puzzling immense data set into a working tool meeting the requirements of a Russian language teacher, and describes the first-hand experience of using a corpus to compose vocabulary and grammar exercises intended for German-speaking students who have difficulties studying Russian case system. Special attention is paid to the logic of composing complex search queries to select tokens with the necessary lexical and grammatical parameters.
FUNDAMENTAL SEMANTIC OPPOSITION «LIFE – DEATH» IN THE RUSSIAN SONG OF THE XXth CENTURY
Authors: Матрусова А.Н. 
Published: January 2021

В статье на материале текстов русских песен ХХ в. рассматриваются аксиологемы «жизнь» и «смерть» как члены фундаментальной семантической оппозиции, принадлежащей русской языковой картине мира и лишь незначительно меняющейся на протяжении ХХ в.
The paper deals with the axiological subjects life and death as parts of the fundamental semantic opposition that belongs to the Russian linguistic worldview. The opposition is considered within the context of Russian songs.
Spiral Arm Pattern Motion in the SAO 206462 Protoplanetary Disk
Authors: Xie 谢 Chengyan 承炎 , Ren 任 Bin 彬 , Dong 董 Ruobing 若冰 , Pueyo Laurent , Ruffio Jean-Baptiste , Fang 方 Taotao 陶陶 , Mawet Dimitri , Stolker Tomas 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Spiral arms have been observed in more than a dozen protoplanetary disks, yet the origin of nearly all systems is under debate. Multi-epoch monitoring of spiral arm morphology offers a dynamical way to distinguish two leading arm formation mechanisms: companion-driven and gravitational instability induction, since these mechanisms predict distinct motion patterns. By analyzing multi-epoch J-band observations of the SAO 206462 system using the SPHERE instrument on the Very Large Telescope in 2015 and 2016, we measure the pattern motion for its two prominent spiral arms in polarized light. On one hand, if both arms are comoving, they can be driven by a planet at

au on a circular orbit, with gravitational instability motion ruled out. On the other hand, they can be driven by two planets at

au and

au, offering tentative evidence (3.0σ) that the two spirals are moving independently. The independent arm motion is possibly supported by our analysis of a re-reduction of archival observations using the NICMOS instrument on board the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) in 1998 and 2005, yet artifacts including shadows can manifest spurious arm motion in HST observations. We expect future re-observations to better constrain the motion mechanism for the SAO 206462 spiral arms.
A Sharp Rise in the Detection Rate of Broad Absorption Line Variations in a Quasar SDSS J141955.26+522741.1
Authors: Zhao Qinyuan , He Zhicheng , Liu Guilin , Wang Tinggui , Guo Hengxiao , Shen Lu , Mou Guobin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We present an analysis of the variability of broad absorption lines (BALs) in a quasar SDSS J141955.26+522741.1 at z = 2.145 with 72 observations from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 16 (SDSS DR16). The strong correlation between the equivalent widths of BALs and the continuum luminosity, reveals that the variation of BAL troughs is dominated by the photoionization. The photoionization model predicts that when the time interval ΔT between two observations is longer than the recombination timescale t
rec, the BAL variations can be detected. This can be characterized as a “sharp rise” in the detection rate of BAL variation at ΔT = t
rec. For the first time, we detect such a “sharp rise” signature in the detection rate of BAL variations. As a result, we propose that the t
rec can be obtained from the “sharp rise” of the detection rate of BAL variation. It is worth mentioning that the BAL variations are detected at the time intervals less than the t
rec for half an order of magnitude in two individual troughs. This result indicates that there may be multiple components with different t
rec but the same velocity in an individual trough.
Electromagnetic Signatures of Relativistic Explosions in the Disks of Active Galactic Nuclei
Authors: Perna Rosalba , Lazzati Davide , Cantiello Matteo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The disks of active galactic nuclei (AGNs), traditionally studied as feeders of the supermassive black holes (SMBHs) at their centers, are also hosts to massive stars and hence their neutron star (NS) and black hole (BH) remnants. Migration traps and gas torques in these disks favor binary formation and enhance the rate of compact object mergers. In these environments both long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) from the death of massive stars and short GRBs from NS–NS to NS–BH mergers are expected. However, their properties in the environment of AGN disks have never been studied. Here we show that GRBs in AGN disks can display unique features, owing to the unusual relative position of the shocks that characterize the burst evolution and the Thomson photosphere of the AGN disk. In dense environments, for example, a relativistic reverse shock develops early, likely powering the prompt emission instead of internal shocks. The transient’s time evolution is also compressed, yielding afterglow emission that is brighter and may peak earlier than for GRBs in the interstellar medium. Additionally, in regions of the disk that are sufficiently dense and extended, the light curves are dominated by diffusion, since the fireball remains inside the disk photosphere throughout the entire evolution. These diffusion-dominated transients emerge on timescales of days in disks around SMBHs of ∼ 106
M
⊙ to years for SMBHs of ∼ 108
M
⊙. Finally, a large fraction of events, especially in AGNs with SMBHs ≲ 107
M
⊙, display time-variable absorption in the X-ray band.
Palais du Meshouar (Tlemcen, Algérie) : couleurs des zellijs et tracés de décors du xive siècle
Authors: Charpentier Agnès , Terrasse Michel , Bachir Redouane , Ben Amara Ayed 
Published: January 2021

La demeure des xive-xve siècles mise au jour à Tlemcen a servi de support à une étude pluridisciplinaire des décors de zellij. L’objectif était de caractériser, pour ce moment du Moyen Âge maghrébin islamique, un savoir-faire technique, de mettre en lumière des échanges commerciaux relatifs à l’approvisionnement des pigments, et aussi d’analyser les compositions géométriques de ces décors. L’étude des tracés a mis en lumière l’existence de modules qui structurent tous les motifs décoratifs. Ceux-ci s’inscrivent dans l’art développé, à la même époque, dans le monde islamique occidental mais présentent toutefois des particularités : changements d’échelles, disposition de la polychromie. Les analyses chimiques sur les cinq types définis ont mis en lumière une grande permanence dans la composition du support céramique ainsi que dans la nature des chromogènes et ce quels que soient les motifs et leur datation. Seule la couleur noire présente une variabilité dans l’emploi du fer et du manganèse. L’ensemble des glaçures est plombifère, tandis que l’oxyde d’étain, employé dans un pourcentage assez important, caractérise peut-être les ateliers tlemcéniens. Cette recherche constitue une première étude sur un nombre relativement important d’échantillons et pourra servir de comparaisons pour des futurs travaux.
TNF-α Regulates Human Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells by Suppressing IFN-α Production and Enhancing T Cell Activation
Authors: Psarras Antonios , Antanaviciute Agne , Alase Adewonuola , Carr Ian , Wittmann Miriam , Emery Paul , Tsokos George C. , Vital Edward M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHuman plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) play a vital role in modulating immune responses. They can produce massive amounts of type I IFNs in response to nucleic acids via TLRs, but they are also known to possess weak Ag-presenting properties inducing CD4+ T cell activation. Previous studies showed a cross-regulation between TNF-α and IFN-α, but many questions remain about the effect of TNF-α in regulating human pDCs. In this study, we showed that TNF-α significantly inhibited the secretion of IFN-α and TNF-α of TLR-stimulated pDCs. Instead, exogenous TNF-α promoted pDC maturation by upregulating costimulatory molecules and chemokine receptors such as CD80, CD86, HLA-DR, and CCR7. Additionally, RNA sequencing analysis showed that TNF-α inhibited IFN-α and TNF-α production by downregulating IRF7 and NF-κB pathways, while it promoted Ag processing and presentation pathways as well as T cell activation and differentiation. Indeed, TNF-α–treated pDCs induced in vitro higher CD4+ T cell proliferation and activation, enhancing the production of Th1 and Th17 cytokines. In conclusion, TNF-α favors pDC maturation by switching their main role as IFN-α–producing cells to a more conventional dendritic cell phenotype. The functional status of pDCs might therefore be strongly influenced by their overall inflammatory environment, and TNF-α might regulate IFN-α–mediated aspects of a range of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
Acidic Calcium-Independent Phospholipase A2 Regulates Eosinophil-Mediated Pathology during Filarial Manifestation of Tropical Pulmonary Eosinophilia
Authors: Sharma Pankaj , Sharma Aditi , Ganga Laxmi , Satoeya Neha , Jha Ruchi , Srivastava Mrigank 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Eosinophils mediate pathological manifestations during tropical pulmonary eosinophilia (TPE), a potentially fatal complication of lymphatic filariasis, by mechanisms that are incompletely understood. Using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, flow cytometry, and pharmacological and functional studies, we identified acidic calcium-independent phospholipase A2 (aiPLA2) as the master regulator of TPE pathogenesis. FACS-sorted lung eosinophils from TPE mice exhibited aiPLA2-dependent activation characterized by heavy calcium influx, F-actin polymerization, increased degranulation, and heightened reactive oxygen species generation. Interestingly, aiPLA2 also promoted alternative activation in lung macrophages and regulated the release of inflammatory intermediates from them. Treatment of TPE mice with MJ33, a nontoxic pharmacological inhibitor of aiPLA2, lowered eosinophil counts in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, reduced eosinophil peroxidase and β-hexosaminidase activity, increased airway width, improved lung endothelial barrier, and lowered the production of inflammatory lipid intermediates, which significantly improved the pathological condition of the lungs. Importantly, ex vivo reconstitution of arachidonic acid to eosinophils from MJ33-treated TPE mice increased eosinophil degranulation and inflammatory lipid intermediates underlining the pivotal role of aiPLA2 in arachidonic acid metabolism. Mechanistically, phosphorylation of JNK-1 regulated phospholipase activity of aiPLA2, whereas IgG cross-linking mediated pathological activation of eosinophils. Taken together, ours is the first study, to our knowledge, to report hitherto undocumented role of aiPLA2 in regulating TPE pathogenesis.
Safety profile of adenosine stress cardiac MRI in a tertiary hospital in India
Authors: Raj Vimal , Pudhiavan A , Hrishikesh VJ , Ali Asik , Kothari Richa 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in India. Stress Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (CMR) using vasodilator agent is well established in assessing the functional significance of CAD. Adenosine is the preferred agent, but can have severe side effects including dyspnoea, chest pain, atrioventricular block or bronchospasm. The stress CMR examination is not routinely performed in many of the clinical imaging departments in India. Objective: The aim of this study was to establish safety of adenosine as a pharmacological stressor agent for CMR in a tertiary care radiology department in India. Methods: A review of all patients undergoing stress CMR in our institution from May 2018 to May 2019 was made. Records were reviewed to collect response parameters and documented adverse reactions. Results: A total of 1057 patients underwent stress CMR during this period. No death, myocardial infarction or atrio-ventricular block related complications were seen. Transient hypotension was seen in 20 patients (1.8’) with spontaneous recovery after stopping infusion. Chest pain and breathlessness severe enough to discontinue the scan were seen in 6 (0.5’) and 10 (0.9’) patients, respectively. All patients with breathlessness recovered on low flow oxygen therapy with three requiring bronchodilator. Out of six patients with chest pain, three had immediate relief with sublingual nitroglycerin, and three required hospital admission for unstable angina. Of the latter three, 1 underwent revascularization on the same day and other two later in the week. Conclusion: Stress CMR using adenosine in appropriately selected patients is a highly safe procedure with significant side effects seen in less than 1’ of patients. Therefore, it is safe to perform stress CMR studies in a fully equipped and well-trained radiology department in India.
Calcitriol potentially alters HeLa cell viability via inhibition of autophagy
Authors: Setiawan Iwan , Lesmana Ronny , Goenawan Hanna , Suardi Dodi , Gatera Vesara Ardhe , Abdulah Rizky , Judistiani Raden Tina Dewi , Supratman Unang , Setiabudiawan Budi 
Published: January 2021

Objective:
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Calcitriol on cellular death in HeLa cells via autophagy and turn over due to mitochondria homeostasis.

Methods:
HeLa cell lines were grown in 24-well plates and treated with Calcitriol at varying doses (0.013 μM-0.325 μM) for varying time periods (2, 6, 12, and 18 h). Cell proteins were extracted with scrapers and lysed using RIPA buffer. Western blots were performed for proteins involved with autophagy (Lc3, p62), signaling (mTOR, PI3K, HIF1α), mitochondria (PGC1α, COX4, and Tom 20), and apoptosis (Caspase 3, Caspase 9, and PARP). Protein carbonyl levels were determined by measuring the indirect ROS level. An inhibition study using L-mimosine was performed to analyze the significance of HIF1α.

Results:
Calcitriol treatment induced cytotoxicity in a dose- and time-dependent manner and caused growth arrest in HeLa cells. The PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway was activated, leading to inhibition of autophagy and alterations in mitochondria biogenesis homeostasis. Treatment with Calcitriol produced protein carbonyl levels similar to those in the cisplatin-treated and control groups. Increased ROS levels may cause toxicity and induce cell death specifically in cancer cells but not in normal cells. The inhibition of HIF1α partially rescued the HeLa cells from the toxic effects of Calcitriol treatment.

Conclusion:
We suggest that Calcitriol may shut down mitochondrial homeostasis in HeLa cells by inducing the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway and inhibiting autophagy, which leads to cell death.
Characteristics of Designated Institutional Officials and Sponsoring Institutions of ACGME-Accredited Training Programs
Authors: D'Souza Ryan S. , Langford Brendan , D'Souza Shawn , Rose Steven , Long Timothy 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT

Background
Since the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) established the designated institutional official (DIO) role in 1998, there have been major changes in sponsoring institutions (SIs) and DIO responsibilities. Yet there remains a large gap in our knowledge regarding baseline SI and DIO characteristics as well as a need for institutions wanting to increase diversity in the DIO role and other leadership positions within the medical education community.

Objective
We sought to characterize demographics of DIOs and the SIs they oversee.

Methods
We identified SIs and DIOs on the ACGME website on February 15, 2020. Reviewed data included SI accreditation status, number of programs and resident/fellow positions, and DIO characteristics.

Results
We identified 831 SIs. SIs with continued accreditation sponsored more programs (median 4.0) than SIs with initial accreditation (median 1.0, P &lt; .001). DIO age ranged from 29–81 years (median 57 years). Two-hundred eighty-three of 831 (34%) DIOs were women. Of 576 DIOs with known academic rank, 356 (62%) DIOs held senior academic rank. A higher proportion of male DIOs had senior academic rank (68% vs 52%; OR 1.90 [95% CI 1.34–2.70]; P &lt; .001) and professor rank (39% vs 24%; OR 2.01 [95% CI 1.38–2.94]; P &lt; .001) compared to female DIOs. Female gender was associated with a greater number of ACGME-accredited programs and filled resident/fellow positions per SI (P &lt; .001 for both).

Conclusions
This study describes characteristics of DIOs and SIs and offers insights for those pursuing a DIO position.