bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal shifts in key hydrological variables and dominant factors over China
Authors: Sun Shanlei , Bi Zaoying , Zhou Shujia , Wang Hongzhou , Li Qingqing , Liu Yi , Wang Guojie , Li Shijie , Chen Haishan , Zhou Yang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractQuantitatively and physically understanding changes in land surface hydrology is a hot topic in the hydro‐meteorological research, especially over China with high population density but uneven distribution of water resources. Therefore, the spatiotemporal dynamics (i.e., the 1980s [1981–1990] and 1990s [1991–2000] relative to the baseline of 1961–1980) in evapotranspiration (ET) and streamflow/runoff (Q) were examined across 426 hydrological divisions (HDs) of China. Both the 1980s and 1990s ET decreased over roughly 50% HDs mainly in the central and southeast parts of China, while the 1980s (1990s) Q decreased over slightly higher than 50% (63%) HDs generally in north and southwest China (the central and north parts of China). Relative to the 1980s, more HDs had strong changes in ET and Q in 1990s. Based on the separated contributions of precipitation (P), reference ET and Budyko‐type equation parameter n (an integrated variable of catchment property) to ET and Q changes, we found that in 1980s and 1990s, n dominated ET changes over about 60% HDs mainly in the south, with the dominant of P around 35% HDs generally in the north and northeast, while for Q changes, nearly 60% (slightly less than 40%) HDs were dominated by n (P). Moreover, the dominants for ET (Q) changes have shifted from 1980s to 1990s over 36% (45%) HDs, mainly changing from P to n. This study provides a framework for quantitatively understanding land surface hydrological dynamics from the perspectives of climatic and physiographic controls over regions.
Quantitative phase microscopy monitors subcellular dynamics in single cells exposed to nanosecond pulsed electric fields
Authors: Steelman Zachary A. , Coker Zachary N. , Kiester Allen , Noojin Gary , Ibey Bennett L. , Bixler Joel N. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA substantial body of literature exists to study the dynamics of single cells exposed to short duration (<1 μs), high peak power (~1 MV/m) transient electric fields. Much of this research is limited to traditional fluorescence‐based microscopy techniques, which introduce exogenous agents to the culture and are only sensitive to a single molecular target. Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) is a coherent imaging modality which uses optical path length as a label‐free contrast mechanism, and has proven highly effective for the study of single‐cell dynamics. In this work, we introduce QPI as a useful imaging tool for the study of cells undergoing cytoskeletal remodeling after nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF) exposure. In particular, we use cell swelling, dry mass and disorder strength measurements derived from QPI phase images to monitor the cellular response to nsPEFs. We hope this demonstration of QPI's utility will lead to a further adoption of the technique for the study of directed energy bioeffects.
Hydrogenation involved in the chemical–biological synthesis of miglitol: effect of biological impurities on catalytic activity and catalyst reuse
Authors: Xiong Neng , Huang Jin‐Rong , Wei Sheng , Song Ji‐Wei , Hu Zhong‐Ce , Xue Ya‐Ping , Zheng Yu‐Guo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDMiglitol is a potent alpha‐glucosidase inhibitor that is used as a hypoglycemic agent. The industrial synthesis route of miglitol involves the biotransformation from N‐2‐hydroxyethyl glucamine to 6‐(N‐hydroxyethyl)‐amino‐6‐deoxy‐alpha‐l‐sorbofuranose and the subsequent hydrogenation from 6‐(N‐hydroxyethyl)‐amino‐6‐deoxy‐alpha‐l‐sorbofuranose to miglitol. This study comprehensively investigated the hydrogenation process and catalyst, and the effect of operating parameters on the product yield.RESULTSA 55.6% miglitol yield was obtained under the following optimal reaction conditions: 5 g L−1 palladium/carbon (Pd/C) (5% Pd); ethanol addition 1:1 ethanol:water (v/v); 80 g L−16‐(N‐hydroxyethyl)‐amino‐6‐deoxy‐alpha‐l‐sorbofuranose; reaction temperature 25 °C; solution pH 6; stirring speed 500 rpm; hydrogen pressure 1 MPa. The yield obtained was much higher than the average 36.8% in current industrial production. Catalyst deactivation during reuse was found to be caused by biological impurities, especially the macromolecular impurities introduced in previous biotransformation. The deposition of impurities on the porous support of the Pd/C catalyst may be the direct cause of catalyst deactivation.CONCLUSIONOptimal conditions for the hydrogenation in the synthesis of miglitol were determined. It also was confirmed that biological impurities need to be completely removed to avoid catalyst deactivation and to improve catalyst reusability.
Gender differences in job searches by new engineering graduates in Canada
Authors: Osten Victoria 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study addresses gender differences in early career experiences in engineering by examining entry‐level jobs of Bachelor of Engineering (BEng) graduates in Canada.Purpose/HypothesesThe study explored how gender shapes entry into this male‐dominated occupation in the context of the contemporary knowledge economy. I tested four hypotheses: (H1) There are no gender differences in job search duration and pay for BEng graduates in Canada; (H2) women experience longer job search durations than men and less pay than men; (H3) women's job searches are shorter with less pay than men; (H4) women's job searches are shorter and with the same pay as men's.Design/MethodThe study uses data from Statistics Canada National Graduates Survey (2013), feminist theories, and the Cox proportional hazard (CPH) model.ResultsI found that in the context of the knowledge economy, gender is a significant predictor of labor market outcomes during early career stages for Canadian BEng graduates. Hypotheses H1 and H2 were not supported. I identified partial support for Hypothesis H3 and complete support for H4. In particular, I found that women were hired sooner than men for their first engineering jobs and were paid the same salary as their male counterparts.ConclusionsBased on this study's results, I argue that early career experiences in engineering occupation continue to be defined by the gender of graduates. This paper offers several potential research areas in the field of engineering education.
Genetic counseling, virtual visits, and equity in the era of COVID‐19 and beyond
Authors: Uhlmann Wendy R. , McKeon Andrew J. , Wang Catharine 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOvernight, as a result of the COVID‐19 pandemic, telehealth rapidly transitioned from limited application to widespread implementation. The field of genetic counseling was well positioned to make this transition to virtual care since there is generally less of a need for patients to be seen in‐person for physical exams or urgent care. Going forward, virtual visits will presumably become a mainstay in the provision of genetic services and it is anticipated that clinics will adopt “hybrid” models with both in‐person and virtual visit options. This commentary highlights the successes and challenges in the rapid implementation of virtual visits, focusing on who has benefited versus who has been challenged or left behind. We also discuss genetic testing considerations, including the additional steps required for patients and clinicians when testing is ordered outside of the clinical setting, which can result in delays or a lack of testing altogether. Future research considerations are presented to address the needs among the most vulnerable and help ensure equitable access and benefit.
Effectiveness and tolerability of dolutegravir and abacavir/lamivudine administered as two separate pills compared to their equivalent single‐tablet regimen in a multicentre cohort in Spain
Authors: Suárez‐García Inés , Alejos Belén , Ruiz‐Algueró Marta , García Yubero Cristina , Moreno Cristina , Bernal Enrique , Pérez‐Is Laura , Zubero Zuriñe , de Zárraga Fernández Miguel Alberto , Samperiz Abad Gloria , Jarrín Inma ,   the Cohort of the Spanish HIV/AIDS Research Network (CoRIS)
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionWe aimed to assess the effectiveness and tolerability of dolutegravir (DTG), abacavir (ABC) and lamivudine (3TC) administered as branded STR (DTG/ABC/3TC) or as two separate pills (DTG and either branded ABC/3TC [DTG+(ABC/3TC)b] or generic ABC/3TC [DTG+(ABC/3TC)g]).MethodsWe included individuals from the multicentre cohort of the Spanish HIV/AIDS Research Network (CoRIS) who received DTG/ABC/3TC, DTG+(ABC/3TC)b or DTG+(ABC/3TC)g during 2015 to 2018. We used multivariable logistic regression to compare the proportion of antiretroviral‐naïve individuals who achieved viral suppression (VS) (viral load ≤50 copies/mL) at 24 weeks of initiating with DTG+(ABC/3TC)b or DTG+(ABC/3TC)g versus DTG/ABC/3TC. We also calculated the proportion of virologically suppressed individuals who maintained VS at 24 weeks after switching from DTG/ABC/3TC to DTG+(ABC/3TC)g.ResultsDuring the study period, 829, 68 and 47 treatment‐naïve individuals started treatment with DTG/ABC/3TC, DTG+(ABC/3TC)b or DTG+(ABC/3TC)g respectively. The proportions of individuals who changed their regimens due to side effects during the first 24 weeks were 3.7%, 4.4% and 6.4% respectively (p = 0.646). We did not find significant differences in VS at 24 weeks among individuals starting with DTG+(ABC/3TC)b or DTG+(ABC/3TC)g compared to those initiating with DTG/ABC/3TC. Among 177 virologically suppressed individuals who switched from DTG/ABC/3TC to DTG+(ABC/3TC)g, 170 (96.0%) maintained VS at 24 weeks.ConclusionsIn naïve individuals, the effectiveness and tolerability at 24 weeks of DTG plus ABC/3TC administered as two separate pills, either as branded or generic ABC/3TC, was similar to the STR DTG/ABC/3TC. Switching the STR DTG/ABC/3TC to its separate components DTG+(ABC/3TC)g in virologically suppressed individuals did not seem to impair its effectiveness.
B1‐Corrected T1 Mapping in Lung Cancer: Repeatability, Reproducibility, and Identification of Histological Types
Authors: Jiang Jianqin , Cui Lei , Xiao Yong , Zhou Xiao , Fu Yigang , Xu Gaofeng , Shao Weiwei , Chen Wang , Hu Su , Hu Chunhong , Hao Shaowei 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundT1 mapping can potentially quantitatively assess the intrinsic properties of tumors. B1 correction can reduce the magnetic field inhomogeneity.PurposeTo assess the repeatability and reproducibility of B1‐corrected T1 mapping for lung cancer and the ability to identify pathological types.Study TypeProspective reproducibility study.PopulationSixty lung cancer patients (22 with emphysema) with a total of 60 lesions (adenocarcinoma [n = 23], squamous cell carcinoma [n = 19], and small‐cell lung cancer [SCLC] [n = 18]).Field Strength/SequenceA 3 T/B1‐corrected 3D variable flip angle T1 mapping and free‐breathing diffusion‐weighted imaging.AssessmentIntraobserver, interobserver, and test–retest reproducibility of minimum, maximum, mean, and SD of lung tumor T1 values were assessed. The correlation between mean T1 and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and differences between different histological types of lung cancer were evaluated.Statistical TestsIntraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), within‐subject coefficients of variation (WCVs), Bland–Altman plots, Pearson's correlation coefficient (r), and analysis of variance (ANOVA). A P value <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.ResultsNo significant differences were found in minimum, maximum, mean, and SD T1 values for repeated measurements (intraobserver and interobserver) and repeated examinations (P = 0.103–0.979). All parameters showed good intraobserver, interobserver and test–retest reproducibility (ICC, 0.780–0.978), except the maximum T1 value (ICC, 0.645–0.922). The mean T1 exhibited the best reproducibility and repeatability, with an average difference <6% for repeated measurements, <8% for repeated scans in lung cancer patients, and<10% for repeated scans in those with emphysema. The mean T1 correlated moderately with ADC (r = −0.580, −0.516, and −0.511 for observers A, B, and C). Both mean T1 and mean ADC were significantly different in SCLC patients compared with those in adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma patients.Data ConclusionThe mean T1 from B1‐corrected T1 mapping is a repeatable parameter with the potential to identify histological types of lung cancer and thus may be a promising imaging biomarker for characterizing lung cancer.Evidence Level1Technical EfficacyStage 2
Analysis of trans‐sacral corridors in stabilization of fractures of the pelvic ring
Authors: Jäckle Katharina , Paulisch Matthias , Blüchel Tobias , Meier Marc‐Pascal , Seitz Mark‐Tilmann , Acharya Mehool R. , Lehmann Wolfgang , Spering Christopher 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPercutaneous screw fixation combined with pelvic reduction is a surgical technique used to stabilize fractures of the posterior pelvic ring. This is the standard surgical treatment of unstable posterior pelvic ring injuries. The primary goal of this treatment is an anatomic reduction and stable fixation. This has been shown to reduce pain and improve the patients' long‐term well‐being. The aim of this analysis was to determine the possible screw lengths and the positioning of the screws in the S1 and S2 sacral segments. A population of 697 pelvises from the Stryker Orthopaedic Modeling and Analytics database were analyzed. The dimensions of the S1 and S2 screw corridors were determined and after assessing for sacral dysmorphism, the correct screw placement was chosen to determine the necessary screw length for surgical treatment. The measurements of the screw lengths show a Gaussian distribution for the analyzed population. The percentage of dysmorphic pelvises for the S1 screw corridor was 31.3% and for the S2 corridor 8%. Average screw length for S1 was 163.8 ± 16.2 mm and for the S2 137.3 ± 9.5 mm. The results show that the S1/S2 axis cannot be used for a trans‐sacral screw placement in every patient. The study shows that intraosseous screw corridors are present in 68.7% of the patients in the S1 position and in 92% at the S2 level where an intended implant can be placed fully intraosseous.
Hypophosphatemia in critically ill pediatric patients receiving enteral and oral nutrition
Authors: Springer Alice Missagia de Mattos , Hortencio Taís Daiene Russo , Melro Erica Carolina , de Souza Tiago Henrique , Nogueira Roberto José Negrão 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundHypophosphatemia(HP) is related to several comorbidities in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs). This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of HP in severely ill pediatric patients receiving oral and/or enteral nutrition. The secondary objectives were to investigate the association between HP and the inflammatory state, PICU length of stay, severity, mortality, nutrition status, and protein, energy, calcium, vitamin D, and phosphate intake.MethodsA prospective, observational cohort study was conducted in a PICU of a quaternary hospital. Participants aged between 28 days and 14 years were included. Anthropometric and laboratory assessments were performed ≤72 h after PICU admission and repeated after 7 days for three consecutive times. Energy, protein, calcium, phosphate, and vitamin D intake per day of hospitalization were recorded individually. The Pediatric Index of Mortality 2 (PIM2) was used to determine each patient's severity score.ResultsA total of 103 participants were included in the study. Hypophosphatemic events ranged from 27.2% to 37.5% among the assessments. HP was associated with high C‐reactive protein levels (P = .012) and lower energy adequacy (P = .037). Serum phosphorus was inversely correlated (weak correlation) with PIM2 (P = .017).ConclusionHP is common in critically ill pediatric patients, even when they are not receiving parenteral nutrition. It is necessary to monitor serum phosphorus levels and consider the possibility of early replacement, especially in patients showing high levels of inflammation. In addition to inflammation itself, low energy intake and illness severity were related to HP.
Parental Posttraumatic Stress and School Performance in Refugee Children
Authors: Berg Lisa , Brendler‐Lindquist Monica , de Montgomery Edith , Mittendorfer‐Rutz Ellenor , Hjern Anders 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRefugee children in the Nordic countries have been reported to perform poorly in school and carry a high burden of familial posttraumatic stress. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of maternal and paternal posttraumatic stress on the school performance of refugee children. We used national register data on school grades at age 15–16 along with demographic and migration indicators during 2011–2017 in a population of 18,831 children in refugee families in Stockholm County, Sweden. Parental posttraumatic stress was identified in regional data from three levels of care, including a tertiary treatment center for victims of torture and war. Multivariable linear and logistic regression models were fitted to analyze (a) mean grade point averages as Z scores and (b) eligibility for upper secondary school. In fully adjusted models, children exposed to paternal posttraumatic stress had a lower mean grade point average, SD = −0.14, 95% CI [−0.22, −0.07], and higher odds of not being eligible for upper secondary education, OR = 1.37, 95% CI [1.14, 1.65]. Maternal posttraumatic stress had a similar crude effect on school performance, SD = −0.15, 95% CI [−0.22, −0.07], OR = 1.25, 95% CI [1.00, 1.55], which was attenuated after adjusting for single‐parent households and the use of child psychiatric services. The effects were similar for boys and girls as well as for different levels of care. Parental posttraumatic stress had a small negative effect on school performance in refugee children, adding to the intergenerational consequences of psychological trauma.
Recalibrating survival prediction among patients receiving trans‐arterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Cucchetti Alessandro , Giannini Edoardo G. , Mosconi Cristina , Plaz Torres Maria Corina , Pieri Giulia , Farinati Fabio , Rapaccini Gian Ludovico , Di Marco Maria , Caturelli Eugenio , Sacco Rodolfo , Cabibbo Giuseppe , Campani Claudia , Mega Andrea , Guarino Maria , Gasbarrini Antonio , Svegliati‐Baroni Gianluca , Foschi Francesco Giuseppe , Missale Gabriele , Masotto Alberto , Nardone Gerardo , Raimondo Giovanni , Vidili Gianpaolo , Brunetto Maurizia Rossana , Sansone Vito , Zoli Marco , Azzaroli Francesco , Trevisani Franco ,   the ITA.LI.CA Study Group
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground & AimsThe Pre‐TACE‐Predict model was devised to assess prognosis of patients treated with trans‐arterial chemoembolization (TACE) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, before entering clinical practice, a model should demonstrate that it performs a useful role.MethodsWe performed an independent external validation of the Pre‐TACE model in a cohort that differs in setting and time period from the one that generated the original model. Data from 826 patients treated with TACE for naïve HCC (2008‐2018) were used to assess calibration and discrimination of the Pre‐TACE‐Predict model.ResultsThe four risk‐categories identified by the Pre‐TACE‐Predict model had gradient monotonicity, with median survivals of 52.0, 36.2, 29.9, and 14.1 months respectively. However, predicted survivals systematically underestimated observed survivals (R2: 0.667). A recalibration was adopted maintaining fixed the prognostic index and modifying the baseline survival function. This resulted in an almost perfect calibration (R2: 0.995) in all the four risk categories. Cox regressions showed that aetiology and macrovascular invasion, included in the Pre‐TACE‐Predict model, had no prognostic impact in the present study population, and that coefficients for tumour size and multiplicity were overestimated. The c‐index was similar to that of the m‐HAP‐III, but higher than those of HAP, m‐HAP‐II and the six‐and‐twelve models.ConclusionsThe recalibration of Pre‐TACE‐Predict model improved the estimation of survival probabilities of HCC patients treated with TACE. The highest discriminatory ability of the Pre‐TACE‐model in comparison to other available models, together with risk stratification and recalibration, makes it the best prognostic tool currently available for these patients.
Reversal of thoracic sympathectomy through robot‐assisted microsurgical sympathetic trunk reconstruction with sural nerve graft and additional end‐to‐side coaptation of the intercostal nerves: A case report
Authors: Chang Tommy Nai‐Jen , Daniel Bassem W. , Hsu Angela Ting‐Wei , Chen Lisa Wen‐Yu , Sung Cheyenne Wei‐Hsuan , Chuang David Chwei‐Chin , Chao Yin‐Kai 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThoracic sympathectomy to treat palmar hyperhidrosis (PH) has widely been performed. Many patients regret the surgery due to compensatory hyperhidrosis (CH), gustatory hyperhidrosis, arrhythmia, hypertension, gastrointestinal disturbances, and emotional distress. Robotic applications in microsurgery are very limited. We report the technique and long‐term patient‐reported outcomes of bilateral robot‐assisted microsurgical sympathetic trunk reconstruction with a sural nerve graft in an interdisciplinary setting. A 59‐year‐old female suffered from severe adverse effects after endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy (ETS) for PH 25 years ago. She reported CH over the whole trunk, gustatory hyperhidrosis, excessive dry hands, and emotional distress. An interdisciplinary surgical team performed a bilateral sympathetic trunk reversal reconstruction with an interpositional sural nerve graft per side by a da Vinci® Robot. The nerve graft was microsurgically coapted using 9–0 sutures end‐to‐end to the sympathetic trunk stumps and side‐to‐end to the intercostal nerves T2–T4. At 24, 33 and 42 months, palmar dryness and emotional distress were strongly reduced. A highly specialized interdisciplinary setting may provide a precise, safe, and efficient treatment for ETS sequelae. A clinical study is initiated to validate this new therapy.
Strategies for managing Asherman's syndrome and endometrial atrophy: Since the classical experimental models to the new bioengineering approach
Authors: de Miguel‐Gómez Lucía , Romeu Mónica , Pellicer Antonio , Cervelló Irene 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTEndometrial function is essential for embryo implantation and pregnancy, but managing endometrial thickness that is too thin to support pregnancy or an endometrium of compromised functionality due to intrauterine adhesions is an ongoing challenge in reproductive medicine. Here, we review current and emerging therapeutic and experimental options for endometrial regeneration with a focus on animal models used to study solutions for Asherman's syndrome and endometrial atrophy, which both involve a damaged endometrium. A review of existing literature was performed that confirmed the lack of consensus on endometrial therapeutic options, though promising new alternatives have emerged in recent years (platelet‐rich plasma, exosomes derived from stem cells, bioengineering‐based techniques, endometrial organoids, among others). In the future, basic research using established experimental models of endometrial pathologies (combined with new high‐tech solutions) and human clinical trials with large population sizes are needed to evaluate these emerging and new endometrial therapies.