bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of biofungicides used to protect cucumber from major diseases in unheated spring greenhouses on the yield of marketable products
Authors: Avdeenko A P , Avdeenko S S 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Currently, in protected ground, preparations are widely used that promote the prolonged action of their components, and provide an integrated technology for growing vegetable plants. However, due to economic problems, the use of biologicals in vegetable production has declined. In this regard, in 2019-2020, in the conditions of unheated greenhouses in the Oktyabrsky District of the Rostov Region, an experiment was laid with the aim of studying the use of drugs with fungicidal methods in the fight against diseases common on the Ataman hybrid cucumber culture. It has been established that powdery mildew is most widespread on greenhouse cucumbers. The drugs Gamair, Strekar and the mixture Gamair + Alirin restrain the average score of the spread of diseases most strongly. Thus, a mixture of Gamair and Alirin is almost 1.6-1.7 times more effective at restraining the distribution point in comparison with Strekar and 4.0-4.5 times more effective than the chemical Topaz. Among the studied methods of using medicinal preparations, a greater effect is observed when watering plants at the root, with the exception of the fight against powdery mildew, where spraying of vegetative plants is more effective. Therefore, it is possible to reveal the positive effect of preparations of biological nature, Gamair, Strekar, or a mixture of Gamair and Alirin, used mainly for watering under the root with an interval of 10 days. Reducing the development of major diseases has a positive effect on the size of the crop. The use of a mixture of drugs allows you to increase the early harvest by 0.6-0.65 and the total by 1.35-1.40 kg / m2.
Innovative approaches to breeding in the dairy industry
Authors: Titorenko K V , Zhichkin K A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The article presents a study of the economic aspects of the dairy cattle artificial insemination use, including the sexed semen use. The authors’ classification of the breeding types is proposed, including on the insemination types basis and the used breeding material. The study aim is to determine the economic parameters of the dairy cattle artificial insemination system based on the use of foreign selection bulls sexed semen. Within the framework of this, the following tasks were solved: - foreign and domestic experience of using sexized semen was studied; - the breeding types classification has been developed; - production experience was carried out in the Samara region conditions; - the economic parameters of various scenarios for the dairy cattle use obtained using sexed semen have been determined. When considering the profitable part of the experiment, two scenarios were considered: - growing replacement young stock for pedigree sale to third-party organizations; - an increase in livestock for the commercial milk production. The profit from the implementation of the first scenario (the use of sperm divided by sex in the pedigree young stock sale) will amount to 7951.9 thousand rubles. The second scenario final profit, taking into account the first year production, will amount to 13026.8 thousand rubles. With further use in the production of this cattle, the additional income amount will increase by 4131.0 thousand rubles yearly. The maximum increase in the business economic efficiency (all other things being equal) is provided by the sexed semen technology use, which makes it possible to double the offspring of heifers and accordingly milk production. It makes possible to reach the farm breakeven point even without taking into account the payments of budgetary funds under the state support program.
Effective conditions for expanded reproduction of the agro-industrial complex in the region
Authors: Belokopytov A V , Moskaleva N V , Ternovchuk A N 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The article examines the problems of development and reproduction of the agrarian sector of the economy of the Smolensk region, identifies trends in reproduction and problem points that determine the functioning of the industry. The authors identified the main directions for improving the reproduction of the resource potential of agriculture, taking into account external and internal factors. In addition, an econometric model of effective reproduction of agriculture has been developed and proposed, which determines the determinants of the progressive development of the agro-industrial complex in the region. Recommendations on the creation of effective conditions for conducting expanded reproduction in agriculture, taking into account investment activities, innovative development and the level of updating the material and technical base, are proposed.
The technological process of the grain harvester as a complex functional system
Authors: Orobinsky V I , Gulevsky V A , Gievsky A M 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The article discusses the technological process of grain harvesting and its movement inside the grain harvester. The assessment of the most characteristic operations causing micro- and macrotrauma of grain is given. The presented process is considered as the work of a complex system “environment-man-machine”. An algorithm is proposed for determining the crushing and injury of grain behind the thresher of a grain harvester, which makes it possible to determine the level of its damage. The most promising ways of technological improvement of the cleaning process have been determined, which will reduce grain injury and improve its sowing quality.
Model for assessing personnel security of enterprises in the agro-industrial complex
Authors: Tsvetkova I I , Vakhovskaya M Yu , Sivolap A V 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The article briefly examines the models and methods for assessing personnel security, highlighting their shortcomings. For enterprises of the agro-industrial complex, an additive-multiplicative assessment model has been developed. The factors influencing the personnel security of the agro-industrial complex enterprises, as well as the indicators of their assessment, are revealed. Distribution of factors is carried out according to two components of the model - additive and multiplicative.
Cyclic-genetic approach to the formation of theories of sustainable balanced development of agricultural production
Authors: Takhumova O V , Ibragimov A G 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In modern conditions of the industrialization of the world community, the issues of the formation of a balanced innovative development of agricultural territories are actualized, on which not only the standard of living of the rural population, food security of the country, but also national security in general depend largely. In these conditions, the issues of forming an integrated mechanism for managing this process based on the results of innovation and self-organization tools are especially acutely discussed. However, in world, scientific practice there is still no common opinion on a single interpretation of the concept of “balance”, most judgments are based on the identification of the term with the concept of “sustainable development”. The paper presents the results of identifying the main stages of development of regional systems in world practice, highlights the features of the formation of theories of balanced development, the main representatives of the scientific community on the research problem. An attempt is made to distinguish between the concepts of “sustainable” and “balanced” development, it is shown that its lexical meaning “sustainable development” can be achieved only if a number of conditions are met, including the obvious fact of the need to achieve a balance of the studied conditions, phenomena in regional agricultural systems. An overview of the specific characteristics of the categorical side of the term “balance” is given. The results obtained expand the theoretical basis for the scientific understanding of the development of agricultural areas and will allow forming their own opinion about the theories of balanced development of agricultural systems. The material can be of scientific interest for the formation of scientific judgments about the functioning of effective agricultural production.
Experimental studies of the efficiency of incorporating green manure crops with a combined unit
Authors: Kalimullin M , Abdrakhmanov R , Latypov R , Pushkarenko N , Maksimov I , Salimzyanov M , Mukhametshin I 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In recent years, many agricultural producers have begun to take care of environmental aspects and are gradually switching to the use of organic farming elements in the cultivation of agricultural crops, which include green fertilizers - siderates. Many experts recommend cutting the green mass of green manure crops with a mower and embedding it in the surface layer of the soil as mulch. However, not all termination methods are equally effective. In particular, when passing through a field with a rotary harrow’s green manure, the disc knives have to simultaneously perform two functions: chop and embed the vegetative mass of plants, which negatively affects the depth of processing. Therefore, the goal of our research is to develop a combined unit for mowing, crushing and embedding green mass of green manure crops into the soil. To achieve this, it is proposed to attach a plant chopper to the front of the tractor, which will mow and chop the plants, and two disc batteries installed on the rear hitch of the tractor will close the chopped organic mass. To determine the efficiency of using the proposed combined unit in different regions of the Republic of Tatarstan on different soils, comparative field tests were carried out, which consisted in determining the completeness of incorporation of green mass. The value of this indicator without using the mower on the front hitch was 65%, and with mowing and chopping - 95%, this is 1.5 times more than in the variant with the compared unit, which should have a favorable effect on the decomposition of the embedded organic matter.
The study of variability of dynamic properties of the drying chamber of the grain dryer changing the technological parameters of drying
Authors: Zakhakhatnov V G , Popov V M , Afon’kina V A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The complexity of identification of transfer-function of the drying chamber is connected with a great variety of grain crops, different drying modes of seed, food and feeding grain as well as thermolabile properties of wet material so that in the drying chamber there are grains with different stages of drying and as a consequence of this with different transfer functions. One of the forecasting methods of the dynamic processes of the drying chamber is based on the use of transfer functions of the drying chamber which were got based on the analysis of experimentally obtained transfer characteristics. This paper presents the results of processing of the transfer characteristics of the drying chamber which were got for different parameters of the technological process of drying – heat carrier temperature, grain initial moisture content, initial grain temperature. The transfer functions of the drying chamber for different parameters of the technological process of drying are obtained. For three exposure channels – heat carrier temperature-grain temperature, heat carrier temperature-grain moisture content, heat carrier temperature-worked out heat carrier temperature the variability of the dynamic properties of the drying chamber changing the technological parameters of drying is estimated. Qualitative assessments of inertial and frequency properties are obtained. A significant variability of the dynamic properties of the drying chamber was revealed, which was estimated by scattering of the PI controller settings when the object with the transfer functions under study was included in the automatic control system. The study is performed under the sponsorship of Russian Fundamental Research Fund and Chelyabinsk region as a part of the scientific project № 20-416-740001.
Improving the Quality of Agricultural Roads
Authors: Kamenchukov A V , Kravchuk V A , Nikolaeva G O , Maksimovich K Yu , Voinash S A , Sokolova V A , Alekseeva E A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The article considers the issues of improving the quality of construction and operation of agricultural roads. The main reasons for the need for the construction control of the quality of work are considered. The stages of the control of quality of pavement made of stone materials have been sequentially analyzed. The actual consequences of violation of the quality of construction and assembly works are given. The modeling of the work of the system «roadbed –pavement» in conditions of increased traffic load and watering of agricultural roads has been carried out. Recommendations for increasing the service life of agricultural roads using new building materials are presented and substantiated.
Improving the technology of post-harvest seed treatment
Authors: Orobinsky V I , Gulevsky V A , Chernyshov A V 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The article deals with the issues of grain injury by elements of production lines. The evaluation of the most typical operations that cause macro - and microtraumation of grain by air-sieve-Trier machines is given. The most rational design parameters of the machines and their operating modes that guarantee minimal injury to seeds are identified. Possible ways to improve the quality of the seed fractions extracted by passing through the sieve B2 and descending from the sieve G. Preferably, each of them should be passed separately through a puppet Trier. At the same time, the level of seed injury is lower and the laboratory germination rate is higher.
Morphotechnological parameters and analysis of microplants of potato varieties with accelerated reproduction (in vitro) in a selection nursery
Authors: Romanova Ir N , Glushakov S N , Ptitsyna N V , Lyakina O A , Nikitin A N 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The studies were carried out with in vitro test-tube micro plants at the Smolensk State Agricultural Academy in a research laboratory and in protected ground (frame greenhouses) under standard conditions and protection measures during the period of their cultivation. The article analyzes and presents data on the growth and development of potato varieties during their growing season. The object of research was micro plants of potato varieties Fritella, Grand, Mayak, Violet, Vympel, Vasilek, Meteor and Gulliver. The data obtained showed that test-tube micro plants of potato varieties by the end of the phase of intensive growth - the beginning of the phase of slow growth had a well-developed root system, 4-5 internodes, a plant height of 9.5-13.1 cm, a green color, a sufficiently developed leaf apparatus and planting them in flowerpots, survival rate was 100%. The duration of the growing season depended on the variety of micro plants and ranged from 82 to 107 days, height from 46.8 to 66.8 cm, the number of tubers from 3.5 pcs. up to 8.26 pieces, the yield of the seed fraction is from 44 to 92%. In terms of yield, the following potato varieties were distinguished: Gulliver (10.5 t / ha); Lighthouse (10.0 t / ha); Grand (9.24 t / ha); Meteor (9.20 t / ha); Purple (8.16 t / ha). The rest of the studied varieties had a lower yield level (5.5-7.35 t / ha), which is associated with both the high presence of fine-fraction tubers and the number of tubers in the nest. These circumstances necessitate additional seed reproduction of micro tubers (<15-20g) in the autumn-winter period in greenhouse conditions. In terms of morphobiological characteristics, the nature of setting, the formation of tubers, the structure of the clone, each variety, even one ripeness group, had its own varietal specificity, which should be taken into account when cultivating them in nurseries of original and elite seed production.
The use of a pulsating flow of the heat carrier for the intensification of heat transfer in plate heat exchangers in the production of liquid nitrogen fertilizers
Authors: Osintsev K V , Prikhodko Iu S , Gasimyanov R E , Patrushev A V , Shishkov A N 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The article describes a method for improving the quality of produced liquid complex fertilizers by intensifying heat exchange using a pulsed flow of liquid in plate heat exchangers. The article is devoted to the question of the influence of impulse flow on the intensification of heat transfer in plate heat exchangers. Analysis of the literature shows that the increase in heat transfer is influenced by such factors as the shape of the channel, the location of the pulsation generator, as well as their amplitude and frequency. Changing the shape and pattern of the plates allows you to increase heat transfer, due to the receipt of greater flow turbulization. The results of the study of the heat transfer coefficient at various pulsation frequencies and coolant flow rates are also considered, from which the dependence of the heat transfer intensity on the pulsation frequency of the generator itself is visible.
Elements of the mathematical support for the design of an autonomous tractor
Authors: Dobretsov R Yu , Dobretsova S B , Voinash S A , Shcherbakov A P , Dolmatov S N , Sokolova V A , Taraban V V , Alekseeva S V , Taraban M V 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The article discusses the issue of substantiating the requirements for the location of passive benchmarks as part of a local complex of precision farming in its minimum configuration. As such, we consider a mobile chassis (for example, a wheeled agricultural tractor) equipped with an autonomous control system and a set of two or three passive benchmarks. References are given to works that reveal the technologies that are in demand in the design of the chassis of such a tractor and a description of the test equipment used in the design and debugging of units and assemblies of robotic machines. Within the framework of the concept under consideration, it is important that the complex combines the capabilities of autonomous, remote and manual control and is based on a mobile chassis that meets the necessary ergonomic requirements. The considered simplest system can be built into a structure that uses satellite positioning technologies and supports the principle of organizing multi-agent systems. The object of the research is a local complex of precision farming in the minimum composition: an autonomous agricultural tractor and a set of passive benchmarks. The purpose of the study is to determine the basic requirements for the selection of sites for the installation of passive benchmarks. The basic technology is the use of binary maps of permeability as a variant of the discrete working plan of an autonomous robotic complex. The technology for building maps of cross-country ability has been worked out when creating models of rovers and special vehicles. The paper illustrates the actual method of solving the problem in its mathematical interpretation, provides the main results and practical recommendations. It is shown that the proposed solutions can be extended to the areas of the forest engineering and logging industry, to the solution of logistic problems of the Far North, the territories of the Arctic and Antarctic.
The possibility of using aluminosilicate composite materials after modification and processing in sunflower oil
Authors: Ignatyev Aleksey A , Razgovorov Pavel B , Abramov Mikhail A , Isaeva Natalya A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The paper presents the study results of the isotherms of nitrogen adsorption-desorption on blue and green powdered clays before and after the surface is modified with solutions of organic acids (oxalic, succinic) and sodium carbonate. Unlike powder of natural blue clay, the material of green clay is characterized by the presence of macropores (5%) with a diameter of more than 50 nm; 95% of volume is occupied by mesopores ranging in size 4-40 nm. According to the size distribution data, the total number of mesopores of blue and green clays has reduced after treatment with oxalic acid; it changes slightly after introduction of alkaline compound into system (sodium carbonate, 10 wt %). It was revealed that the process of adsorption of total impurity ingredients of fatty acid triglycerides provides the possibility of using acid-modified clays with a set of properties (specific surface area, pore distribution) after processing for 1 hour in sunflower oil to stabilize the digestive function of the gastrointestinal tract of poultry and improve the quality of eggs laid by them by daily evening introduction into the feed (1-3 wt %) for 1 month prior to laying.
Energy producing effectiveness study: larch and poplar chips, wood pellets
Authors: Lyubov V K , Popov A N , Popova E I , Belesov A V 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Larch is one of the most valuable species of conifers. Its wood is widely used in many sectors of the economy. Therefore, determining the efficiency of energy use of by-products of processing of larch, as well as fast-growing wood species, which include poplar, is an important task. A study of the operational efficiency of the Firematic 60 boiler when working on larch and poplar chips, as well as spruce wood pellets with a diameter 6 mm was carried out. The elemental composition of burned fuels and residues was studied using an EDX-8000 X-ray fluorescence spectrometer and a Euro EA-3000 analyzer. The components of the heat balance and emission of harmful substances were determined. The emissions of particulate matter and the content of soot particles were studied. The shape and composition of soot particles were determined using a Zeiss SIGMA VP electronic scanning microscope. The energy tests showed that the boiler provides high technical and economic indicators and minimal emissions of harmful substances into the environment when burning larch and poplar chips, wood pellets.
Study of technological properties of apples for jam production
Authors: Ryadinskaya A A , Ordina N B , Koschaev I A , Mezinova K V , Chuev S A , Zakharova D A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The work is devoted to the study of the fruits of winter and autumn apple trees grown on the territory of the Belgorod region. The results of research of technological indicators of apple quality are presented. According to the results of the tests carried out, it was found that the fruits of the Zhigulevskoe variety turned out to be the best in terms of a set of indicators: the dry matter content was 15.4%, sugars - 12.3%; organic acids - 1%, sugar-acid index - 12.3 units; concentration of vitamin C - 13.9 mg / 100 g; R - active substances - 110 mg / 100 g; the total amount of pectin substances - 6.4%, including 1.1% - water-soluble pectin. The efficiency of the technology for the production of apple jam with the addition of strawberries from fruit and berry raw materials obtained in the conditions of the Belgorod region has been substantiated.
Digital transformation model based on the digital twin concept for intensive aquaculture production using closed water circulation technology
Authors: Zhabitskii M G , Andryenko Y A , Malyshev V N , Chuykova S V , Zhosanov A A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The article discusses the complex digital transformation problem for the functioning aqua-biotechnological industrial company. The structure of the information model and digital twin for such objects is identified and described. The results of a comprehensive engineering and economic inspection of the state of the biotechnological, engineering, and economic system from the point of view of digital transformation are described. A conceptual scheme of the enterprise functioning based on the results of digital transformation is presented. The target effects of modernization and reconstruction of the existing biotechnological enterprise based on the end-to-end digital technologies of the fourth industrial revolution are formulated.