bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment patterns and survival in patients with early‐onset pancreatic cancer
Authors: Saadat Lily V. , Chou Joanne F. , Gonen Mithat , Soares Kevin C. , Kingham T. Peter , Varghese Anna M. , Jarnagin William R. , D’Angelica Michael I. , Drebin Jeffrey A. , O’Reilly Eileen M. , Wei Alice C. 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundPancreatic cancer is uncommon in patients younger than 50 years, although its incidence is increasing. This study characterizes treatment utilization for early‐onset pancreatic cancer (EOPC) versus average‐age‐onset pancreatic cancer (AOPC) and identifies factors associated with failure to receive treatment.MethodsThe National Cancer Data Base (NCDB) was queried for patients with EOPC (age < 50 years) or AOPC (age ≥ 50 years) from 2004 to 2016. Multinomial regression was used to compare utilization (single modality vs multimodal treatment with or without surgery vs no treatment) between EOPC and AOPC. Kaplan‐Meier methods were used to estimate overall survival (OS).ResultsOf 248,634 patients, 15,710 (6.3%) had EOPC. There were more male patients (56% vs 50%), non‐White patients, and privately insured patients (61% vs 30%) with EOPC versus AOPC, without notable differences in clinical stage distribution. Patients with EOPC received more chemotherapy (38% vs 29%), surgery (9% vs 6.9%), chemoradiation (12% vs 9.2%), and multimodal treatment (21% vs 15%). The odds of receiving multimodal curative therapy were significantly higher for patients with EOPC versus patients with AOPC after adjustments for confounders (odds ratio, 3.89; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.66‐4.15; P < .001). Nineteen percent of patients with EOPC, in contrast to 39% of patients with AOPC, received no treatment. Patients with AOPC more frequently declined chemotherapy (15% vs 9.5%). One‐year OS was higher for EOPC versus AOPC across each stage (0/I/II, 72% [95% CI, 71%‐74%] vs 53% [95% CI, 53%‐54%]; III, 48% [95% CI, 45%‐50%] vs 38% [95% CI, 37%‐38%]; IV, 25% [95% CI, 24%‐26%] vs 15% [95% CI, 15%‐15%]) and treated patients (0/I/II, 75% [95% CI, 74%‐77%] vs 64% [95% CI, 63%‐64%]; III, 51% [95% CI, 49%‐54%] vs 47% [95% CI, 47%‐48%]; IV, 29% [95% CI, 28%‐31%] vs 23% [95% CI, 23%‐24%]).ConclusionsPatients with EOPC receive more oncologic therapy than patients with AOPC, although the intensity, type, and duration of chemotherapy are not available in the NCDB; however, 19% and 39%, respectively, receive no therapy. Underutilization may explain suboptimal oncologic outcomes. Efforts to improve access and treatment utilization in all age groups are warranted.
Attachment anxiety as mediator of the relationship between childhood trauma and personality dysfunction in borderline personality disorder
Authors: Erkoreka Leire , Zamalloa Iker , Rodriguez Santiago , Muñoz Pedro , Mendizabal Imanol , Zamalloa M. Isabel , Arrue Aurora , Zumarraga Mercedes , Gonzalez‐Torres Miguel Angel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractInsecure attachment has been described as mediating the relationship between childhood trauma and dysfunctional personality traits in different mental disorders. Despite the role insecure attachment and childhood trauma have independently demonstrated to play as determinants of borderline personality disorder, less is known about the mediating mechanisms explaining these associations. For the first time, we assessed adult attachment, childhood trauma and dimensional personality pathology in a sample of outpatients with borderline personality disorder and tested whether the association between childhood trauma and personality dysfunction was at least partially attributable to insecure attachment. The results showed that attachment anxiety fully mediated the relationship between specific types of trauma (emotional abuse and physical neglect) and emotional dysregulation. Further, emotional abuse was both directly associated with dissocial behaviour and indirectly via attachment anxiety (partial mediation). Emotional abuse has been described as an essential environmental factor for the development of borderline personality disorder and emotional dysregulation, on its part, as the core feature of the condition. Our results indicate that attachment anxiety explains the link between these central aspects of borderline personality disorder. Our findings are consistent with previous research and current etiological understanding of the condition and provide support for recommending a careful assessment of childhood traumatic experiences and adult attachment style to gain a more comprehensive insight into the symptoms and its heterogeneity. As a secondary aim, we assessed the effect parental mental illness may have in these mediation models, but no significant influence on childhood trauma, attachment or personality was found.
Economic Impact of Prohexadione Calcium for Managing Vine Growth in Runner Market‐Type Peanut
Authors: Monfort W. Scott , Tubbs R. Scott 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn recent years, there have been several new peanut varieties developed that perform exceptionally well across many environments and have improved disease resistance packages. However, growers have been slow to adopt some new varieties due to their excessive vine growth. One potential solution is to use a plant growth regulator to manage the excessive vine growth. Earn 0.5 CEUs in Crop Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at www.certifiedcropadviser.org/education/classroom/classes/995.
Time‐course changes in the ionomic profiles of rice leaves and their application in growth stage prediction
Authors: Miyamoto‐Maeta Miho , Kamiya Takehiro , Fujiwara Toru , Hirotomi Dai , Iwata Hiroyoshi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIonomic profiling of plant tissues aims to understand the role of genetic factors and external conditions in mineral nutrient composition. However, little is known about the time‐course changes occurring in these profiles during plant growth. The influences of genotype, environment, and management factors are not well understood. To clarify the variation in time‐course data and to identify factors influencing these changes, we analyzed the ionomic leaf profiles of nine rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars, from transplantation to harvest, under different environmental conditions. An ANOVA was conducted separately for each element to elucidate the main effects of cultivar, fertilization, and growth stage, which were highly significant for all the elements observed except fertilization. The growth stage was the most significant for all elements except B. Conversely, the fertilization effect was not significant in half of the elements studied (Li, B, Na, Mg, P, S, K, Ca, and Cd). The elements during the growth stage were relatively stable across the environments and cultivars studied. To investigate the relationship between the changing pattern and the growth stage, we predicted the growth stage of rice based on the ionomic profile leaves using a machine learning model. Over 80% of the plants in this study were correctly classified into their growth stages with 10‐fold cross‐validation using the random forest model, with a highly significant contribution of the essential macronutrients P, Ca, S, Mg, and K as explanatory variables, indicating that they could be important indicators of the growth stage of rice plants.
Investor behavior and the demand for conventional and socially responsible mutual funds
Authors: Matallín‐Sáez Juan Carlos , Soler‐Domínguez Amparo , Navarro‐Montoliu Salvador , de Mingo‐López Diego Víctor 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study analyzes the demand for conventional and socially responsible (SR) mutual funds using cash flow data from a large sample of U.S. equity funds. For both types of funds, previous results have a positive impact on inflows. However, redemptions' behavior differs. Outflows correlate negatively with past results in conventional portfolios, whereas this relationship is positive for SR funds: investors are more likely to redeem shares in the best‐performing funds while holding funds that performed poorly. This behavior is compatible with a disposition effect in SR funds. These results hold even after controlling for other variables driving mutual fund demand. Hence, inflows and outflows of conventional funds were found to be positively related to past idiosyncratic risk, expenses and turnover, but negatively related to size and age. For SR funds, these relationships are stronger for size and idiosyncratic risk, and take the opposite sign for age, expenses and turnover.
Reconstructed Bismuth‐Based Metal−Organic Framework Nanofibers for Selective CO2‐to‐Formate Conversion: Morphology Engineering
Authors: Ying Yulong , Khezri Bahareh , Kosina Jiri , Pumera Martin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractElectrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (ERCO2) is an attractive and sustainable approach to close the carbon loop. Formic acid is a high‐value and readily collectible liquid product. However, the current reaction selectivity remains unsatisfactory. In this study, the bismuth‐containing metal−organic framework CAU‐17, with morphological variants of hexagonal prisms (CAU‐17‐hp) and nanofibers (CAU‐17‐fiber), is prepared at room temperature through a wet‐chemical approach and employed as the electrocatalyst for highly selective CO2‐to‐formate conversion. An H3BTC‐mediated morphology reconstruction is systematically investigated and further used to build a CAU‐17‐fiber hierarchical structure. The as‐prepared CAU‐17‐fiber_400 electrodes give the best electrocatalytic performance in selective and efficient formate production with FEHCOO− of 96.4 % and jCOOH− of 20.4 mA cm−2 at −0.9 VRHE. This work provides a new mild approach for synthesis and morphology engineering of CAU‐17 and demonstrates the efficacy of morphology engineering in regulating the accessible surface area and promoting the activity of MOF‐based materials for ERCO2.
Energy‐efficient framework for throughput enhancement of cognitive radio network
Authors: Bala Indu , Ahuja Kiran 
Published: July 2021

SummaryRecently, cognitive radio (CR) has evolved as a next‐generation communication technology that has the potential to use the radio frequency (RF) spectrum in most efficient manner as compared to the other existing cellular communication technologies. The performance of CR system largely depends upon the accuracy of the sensing results. However, the sensing ambiguities such as false alarm and miss detection cause spectrum underutilization and severe interference to the primary user (PU), respectively. In this paper, both issues are addressed by modifying the conventional frame structure by introducing two sensing slots along with a transmission slot to overcome sensing ambiguities. For the targeted probability of detection, the first sensing slot is kept small and fixed, and sensing results are stored in a flag bit up to that duration. The second sensing slot (optional) is used whenever the flag bit status varies in the current frame from the previous frame. Considering sensing throughput trade‐off issue of CR, the second sensing slot is optimized to enhance the effective throughput and energy efficiency of the secondary communication system. The simulation results are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme with a modified frame structure, which is capable to achieve 65% higher energy efficiency than the conventional scheme when PU is present in a channel, that is, P(H1) = 1.
Antibacterial and anti‐inflammatory activity of valproic acid‐pyrazole conjugates as a potential agent against periodontitis
Authors: Dong Lei , Fang Ling , Dai Xinxiang , Zhang Jia , Wang Jia , Xu Pei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPeriodontitis is a serious global concern. Therefore, in the present study, we intend to synthesize novel valproic‐acid pyrazole conjugates as a novel agent against periodontitis. The molecules were developed in a facile synthetic route and obtained in excellent yields. The entire set of molecules were screened for antibacterial activity against a battery of micro‐organisms responsible for periodontitis such as P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, F. nucleatum, and E. coli, where they exhibit considerable inhibitory activity. The most potent compound among the tested series, compound 7c showed bactericidal activity in the time‐kill curve against E. coli. Compound 7c also showed inhibition of NF‐ĸB transcriptional activity in LPS‐stimulated RAW264.7 cells with IC50 of 19.23 μM. The effect of compound 7c was also investigated in experimentally induced periodontitis in rats on various indices of oxidative stress (MDA, SOD, and GSH), inflammation (TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6), and apoptosis. It has been found that compound 7c significantly inhibits oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in a dose‐dependent manner. Compound 7c also inhibits the expression of COX‐2 and iNOS as shown by western blot analysis.
Transcriptional response of mushrooms to artificial sun exposure
Authors: Krah Franz‐Sebastian , Hess Jaqueline , Hennicke Florian , Kar Ritwika , Bässler Claus 
Published: July 2021

AbstractClimate change causes increased tree mortality leading to canopy loss and thus sun‐exposed forest floors. Sun exposure creates extreme temperatures and radiation, with potentially more drastic effects on forest organisms than the current increase in mean temperature. Such conditions might potentially negatively affect the maturation of mushrooms of forest fungi. A failure of reaching maturation would mean no sexual spore release and, thus, entail a loss of genetic diversity. However, we currently have a limited understanding of the quality and quantity of mushroom‐specific molecular responses caused by sun exposure. Thus, to understand the short‐term responses toward enhanced sun exposure, we exposed mushrooms of the wood‐inhabiting forest speciesLentinula edodes,while still attached to their mycelium and substrate, to artificial solar light (ca. 30°C and 100,000 lux) for 5, 30, and 60 min. We found significant differentially expressed genes at 30 and 60 min. Eukaryotic Orthologous Groups (KOG) class enrichment pointed to defense mechanisms. The 20 most significant differentially expressed genes showed the expression of heat‐shock proteins, an important family of proteins under heat stress. Although preliminary, our results suggest mushroom‐specific molecular responses to tolerate enhanced sun exposure as expected under climate change. Whether mushroom‐specific molecular responses are able to maintain fungal fitness under opening forest canopies remains to be tested.
A stochastic model of epilithic algal succession and patch dynamics in streams
Authors: DeNicola Dean M. , McNair James N. , Suh Jiyeon 
Published: July 2021

AbstractExplaining spatiotemporal variability in metacommunities is challenging because conducting empirical studies that link mechanisms across scales is difficult. We developed a stochastic model of epilithic algal succession in streams to better understand the underlying interactions that drive patch dynamics at three levels of spatial hierarchy: patch, channel habitat, and reach. The state of an algal patch is specified by one of nine community types, which are defined by growth form. Ninety‐two empirical data sets of epilithic succession were used to estimate Markov transition probabilities among patch types as functions of inputs for light, nutrients, and current. Two additional probability matrices determine the effects of herbivory and disturbance based on user inputs. Testing model predictions of patch composition against independent empirical data indicated good correspondence based on resemblance metrics. Early in succession, most patches were occupied by prostrate and erect diatoms. These persisted under low light and nutrient conditions. Motile and stalked diatom patches characterized later stages when resources were moderate. Succession proceeded to mostly filamentous green algal patches under high resource levels. Sensitivity simulations indicated light most affected succession. Herbivory and disturbance increased the probability of prostrate diatom patches. We then used the model to examine how changes in abiotic and biotic parameters affect patch dynamics at different scales. Changes in nutrients or light affected patch diversity differently at the habitat vs. reach scale. Interactions with local resource levels within a channel habitat determined its alpha diversity. The proportion of channel habitat types within a reach, and their collective response to changes, determined beta diversity. Patch diversity within channel habitats generated by herbivory followed the predation hypothesis only when nutrients were low. At the reach scale, herbivory always increased patch similarity among channel habitats, lowering beta diversity. Diversity within channel habitats followed the intermediate disturbance hypothesis for a variety of habitats. Effects of disturbance on beta diversity at the reach scale depended on channel habitat heterogeneity. The stability of patches at the reach scale was highest when disturbance created high patch diversity, supporting the insurance hypothesis. The ideas generated can improve stream bioassessment methods and provide insight into mechanisms underlying patch dynamics in other ecosystems.
Divergent responses to permafrost and precipitation reveal mechanisms for the spatial variation of two sympatric spruce
Authors: Nicklen E. Fleur , Roland Carl A. , Ruess Roger W. , Scharnweber Tobias , Wilmking Martin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe ranges of black and white spruce are largely sympatric, suggesting both species have similar climate requirements. The two species, however, are highly segregated across the landscape with black spruce most common on nutrient‐poor sites with cold, poorly drained soils and white spruce more common on productive sites with warmer, well‐drained soils. Because site conditions influence tree climate–growth responses, it is difficult to compare white and black spruce climate–growth responses as these responses are confounded by the differences in site conditions in which the two species naturally occur. As the climate warms dramatically in northern latitudes, it is critical to understand how a changing climate and associated changes in permafrost and fire regimes will interact to shape future species composition and ecosystem functioning in the boreal forest. In this study, we examined the climate–growth responses of black and white spruce growing in the same sites. This approach eliminates the confounding factor of site conditions and facilitates our understanding of how these two species respond to climate. We included standardized thaw depth of the active layer in our analysis as a representation of permafrost, which is a key factor delineating these two species' habitat preferences and is actively warming and thawing as the climate warms. Our most important finding was that the climate–growth responses of the two species, but especially white spruce, hinged on the thaw depth of the active layer. Specifically, with increasing June–July temperatures white spruce radial growth increased in areas with deep thaw or no near‐surface permafrost, but strongly decreased when growing in areas with near‐surface permafrost. Black spruce radial growth was less sensitive to June–July temperature than white spruce but had a consistent and more positive response to summer precipitation. These findings point to a primary mechanism potentially driving the positioning of these two tree species within the landscapes of boreal interior Alaska and imply widespread thawing of permafrost may foster expansion of white spruce in this region at the expense of black spruce, but that in a wetter climate, black spruce may gain competitive advantage over white spruce in some landscape positions.
Maximizing ecosystem services to the oil crop Brassica carinata through landscape heterogeneity and arthropod diversity
Authors: Stiles Shane , Lundgren Jonathan G. , Fenster Charles B. , Nottebrock Henning 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTo increase the resilience of our food system, we must better understand how ecosystem services such as pest control and pollination provided by a diverse insect community contribute to crop yield. We examined how landscape heterogeneity relates to insect and pollinator diversity, and how insect and pollinator diversity relates to yield of Brassica carinata, a new biofuel crop within common farming practices. Over two years, we planted 35 × 1 acre sites in a roughly 1000‐km2 area near Brookings, South Dakota, in the Prairie Coteau. We randomly assigned each site to a combination of three common farming practices: tilling (yes/no), added honey bee hives (yes/no), and treatment with systemic neonicotinoids (yes/no). Insect and pollinator diversity and the heterogeneity of the surrounding landscape at multiple spatial scales were calculated. We observed a significant positive relationship between insect (and pollinator) diversity and yield when fields were untreated, without hives, nor seed treatments. All farming practices within this study increase yield. However, farming practices alter the relationship between yield and insect (and pollinator) diversity. The addition of seed treatment or tillage negates the relationship between insect (and pollinator) diversity with yield. There was no relationship between seed treatment, diversity, and yield for all insects, and the application of seed treatment resulted in lower pollinator diversity. Increased landscape heterogeneity was correlated with more insect diversity at the 1000‐m scale and pollinator diversity at the 3000‐m scale. Our results show that increasing large‐scale landscape heterogeneity increases insect diversity, which serves as a substitute for common farming practices such as application of pesticides, tilling, or bee hives. Increased landscape heterogeneity could increase farmers' net profitability by replacing input costs associated with tillage and seed treatments.
Pest consumption by generalist arthropod predators increases with crop stage in both organic and conventional farms
Authors: Hsu Gen‐Chang , Ou Jia‐Ang , Ho Chuan‐Kai 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBiocontrol agents are critical for pest management in sustainable agriculture. Generalist arthropod predators may hold a great potential as biocontrol agents because they are ubiquitous and consume pests in agroecosystems. However, their diet composition over the entire crop season has rarely been quantified, which hinders our ability to assess their biocontrol potential in real field conditions that foster temporal dynamics of pest and alternative prey populations. To fill this knowledge gap, we surveyed arthropod communities over crop stages in organic and conventional rice farms (n = 7 each) and used stable isotope analysis (δ13C and δ15N) to quantify the diet composition of generalist arthropod predators over time. We aimed to (1) examine the resource partitioning (trophic niches) in these predators, (2) quantify these predators’ diet composition from potential prey sources (rice herbivores, tourist herbivores, and detritivores), and (3) investigate the effects of farm type (organic/conventional) and crop stage (tillering/flowering/ripening stage) on pest (rice herbivore) consumption by the predators. The results show that generalist predators in both organic and conventional farms shifted trophic niches over the crop season and consumed a higher percentage of rice herbivores at late than at early crop stages (e.g., 90–93% at ripening vs. 34–55% at tillering), suggesting an increasing biocontrol value over time regardless of farm type. Surprisingly, generalist predators consumed higher proportions of rice herbivores in conventional than organic farms at tillering and flowering stages, highlighting their underappreciated potential as biocontrol agents in conventional farms. These results demonstrate that although generalist arthropod predators do consume non‐pest alternative prey, they have a high biocontrol potential (per capita pest consumption) in both organic and conventional rice farms. We encourage modern agriculture to develop techniques to support robust populations of these predators and the ecosystem services that they provide.