bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of in vivo repositioning of slim modiolar electrodes on electrical thresholds and speech perception
Authors: Lee Sang-Yeon , Kim Young Seok , Jo Hyung Dong , Kim Yoonjoong , Carandang Marge , Huh Gene , Choi Byung Yoon 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe slim modiolar electrode has been reported to ensure better modiolar proximity than previous conventional perimodiolar electrodes and consistently high scala tympani localization. Nonetheless, variability in modiolar proximity exists even among slim modiolar electrodes, still leaving room for further improvement of modiolar proximity, which may positively affect functional outcomes. Given this, the pull-back maneuver was reported to increase the modiolar proximity of slim modiolar electrodes in a cadaveric study, but in vivo repositioning effects remain to be established. Here we identified that the pull-back maneuver led to better modiolar proximity than conventional insertion while maintaining a similar angular insertion depth. Notably, the reduced electrode-modiolus distance from the pull-back maneuver was associated with significantly lower impedances across electrodes postoperatively as well as reduced intraoperative electrophysiological thresholds than conventional insertion. Among adult cochlear implant recipients, this maneuver resulted in significantly better sentence recognition scores at three months postoperatively when compared to those with a conventional insertion; however, this benefit was not observed at later intervals. Collectively, slim modiolar electrodes with the pull-back maneuver further enhance the modiolar proximity, possibly leading to better open-set sentence recognition, at least in the early postoperative stage.
Response of deep soil moisture to different vegetation types in the Loess Plateau of northern Shannxi, China
Authors: Gou Qingping , Zhu Qingke 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDeep soil moisture is a highly important source of water for vegetation in the semiarid Loess Plateau of China, vegetation restoration reduced the deep soil moisture, but how to better quantify the impact of vegetation restoration on deep soil moisture is lack of certain understanding. To explore the impact exerted by different types of vegetation on deep layers of the soil moisture, the 0–10 m soil moisture content profile was measured before and after the rainy season in Armeniaca sibirica, Robinia pseudoacacia, Populus simonii, Pinus tabuliformis, Hippophae rhamnoides and in natural grassland in Wuqi County in Shannxi Province. These results showed that the highest soil moisture in the shallow layers (0–200 cm) was exhibited in the P. simonii forest, which was followed by that in the natural grassland. Both of these results were significantly higher than that those of the A. sibirica, P. tabuliformis, H. rhamnoides and R. pseudoacacia forests. The soil moisture in the deep layer (200–1000 cm) of the natural grassland was significantly higher than that of the other vegetation types. The annual precipitation that recharges the depth of soil moisture was the highest in natural grassland and the lowest in P. simonii. The inter-annual soil moisture replenishment is primarily affected by rainfall and vegetation types. Compared with the natural grassland, the CSWSD (the comparison of the soil moisture storage deficit) of different vegetation types varies. In the shallow soil layer, P. simonii is the lowest, and R. pseudoacacia is the highest. In the deep soil layer, R. pseudoacacia and P. simonii are the highest; H. rhamnoides is the second highest, and A. sibirica and P. tabuliformis are the lowest. These results indicate that vegetation restoration can significantly reduce the amount of water in the deep layers of the soil. In the future vegetation restoration, we suggest emphasizing natural development more strongly, since it can better maintain the local vegetation stability and soil moisture balance.
Single-trial modeling separates multiple overlapping prediction errors during reward processing in human EEG
Authors: Hoy Colin W. , Steiner Sheila C. , Knight Robert T. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLearning signals during reinforcement learning and cognitive control rely on valenced reward prediction errors (RPEs) and non-valenced salience prediction errors (PEs) driven by surprise magnitude. A core debate in reward learning focuses on whether valenced and non-valenced PEs can be isolated in the human electroencephalogram (EEG). We combine behavioral modeling and single-trial EEG regression to disentangle sequential PEs in an interval timing task dissociating outcome valence, magnitude, and probability. Multiple regression across temporal, spatial, and frequency dimensions characterized a spatio-tempo-spectral cascade from early valenced RPE value to non-valenced RPE magnitude, followed by outcome probability indexed by a late frontal positivity. Separating negative and positive outcomes revealed the valenced RPE value effect is an artifact of overlap between two non-valenced RPE magnitude responses: frontal theta feedback-related negativity on losses and posterior delta reward positivity on wins. These results reconcile longstanding debates on the sequence of components representing reward and salience PEs in the human EEG.
The effect of ultrasmall grain sizes on the thermal conductivity of nanocrystalline silicon thin films
Authors: Jugdersuren Battogtokh , Kearney Brian T. , Culbertson James C. , Chervin Christopher N. , Katz Michael B. , Stroud Rhonda M. , Liu Xiao 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNanocrystallization has been an important approach for reducing thermal conductivity in thermoelectric materials due to limits on phonon mean-free path imposed by the characteristic structural size. We report on thermal conductivity as low as 0.3 Wm−1K−1 of nanocrystalline silicon thin films prepared by plasma-enhanced chemical-vapor deposition as grain size is reduced to 2.8 nm by controlling hydrogen dilution of silane gas during growth. A multilayered film composed by alternating growth conditions, with layer thicknesses of 3.6 nm, is measured to have a thermal conductivity 30% and 15% lower than its two constituents. Our quantitative analysis attributes the strong reduction of thermal conductivity with decreasing grain size to the magnifying effect of porosity which occurs concomitantly due to increased mass density fluctuations. Our results demonstrate that ultrasmall grain sizes, multilayering, and porosity, all at a similar nanometer-size scale, may be a promising way to engineer thermoelectric materials.
Generation, contraction, and polarisation of Gaussian basis sets for atomic and molecular calculations using the generator coordinate method with polynomial discretisation: atoms from Na through Cl
Authors: R. Guimarães Amanda , Barbosa Rugles C. , Mora Tello Ana Cristina , P. da Silva Aldineia , A. Alves Júlia M. , Palhares Maringolo Milena , B. F. da Silva Albérico 
Published: July 2021

The pGCHF basis sets for second-row atoms were generated using the CG method based on polynomial integral expansion to discretise the GWHF equations. These new basis sets can achieve competitive accuracy while describing atomisation energies.
Ligands and DNA in the allosteric control of retinoid receptors function
Authors: Germain Pierre , Rochel Natacha , Bourguet William 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Retinoids are a family of compounds that include both vitamin A (all-trans retinol) and its naturally occurring metabolites such as retinoic acids (e.g. all-trans retinoic acid) as well as synthetic analogs. They are critically involved in the regulation of a wide variety of essential biological processes, such as embryogenesis and organogenesis, apoptosis, reproduction, vision, and the growth and differentiation of normal and neoplastic cells in vertebrates. The ability of these small molecules to control the expression of several hundred genes through binding to nuclear ligand-dependent transcription factors accounts for most of their functions. Three retinoic acid receptor (RARα,β,γ) and three retinoid X receptor (RXRα,β,γ) subtypes form a variety of RXR–RAR heterodimers that have been shown to mediate the pleiotropic effects of retinoids through the recruitment of high-molecular weight co-regulatory complexes to response-element DNA sequences found in the promoter region of their target genes. Hence, heterodimeric retinoid receptors are multidomain entities that respond to various incoming signals, such as ligand and DNA binding, by allosteric structural alterations which are the basis of further signal propagation. Here, we provide an overview of the current state of knowledge with regard to the structural mechanisms by which retinoids and DNA response elements act as allosteric effectors that may combine to finely tune RXR–RAR heterodimers activity.
Relation Between the Screening Checklist for Auditory Processing in Adults and Diagnostic Auditory Processing Test Performance
Authors: Vaidyanath Ramya , Yathiraj Asha 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between the Screening Checklist for Auditory Processing in Adults and the performance of older adults on a battery of diagnostic tests for auditory processing. This was done for two versions of the checklist, one answered by older individuals at risk for auditory processing disorder (APD) and the other by the family of the older adults.

Method
Forty-nine older adults and 34 of their family members were initially tested with the screening checklist, each being tested with the version developed for them. Approximately half of the older adults had normal pure-tone thresholds, while the others had mild–moderate hearing loss above 2 kHz. The older adults were administered tests of auditory separation/closure, auditory integration, temporal resolution, temporal patterning, and auditory memory and sequencing.

Results
Most of the older adults and their family members reported of the presence of auditory processing difficulties on the screening checklist. On the diagnostic test battery, many of the older adults, irrespective of their high-frequency hearing sensitivity, failed the tests measuring temporal resolution and auditory integration. The sensitivity and specificity of the checklist answered by the older individuals were 69.05% and 71.43%, respectively. On the other hand, for the checklist answered by the family members, it was 77.78% and 33.33%, respectively. The test–retest reliability of the two versions of the checklist was found to be good.

Conclusions
As the specificity of the checklist answered by the family members was considerably lower than that answered by the older adults, the use of the version for the latter group is recommended. However, the checklist answered by the caregivers could be used to complement information obtained from the older adults at risk for APD when the older adults are unable to give valid responses.
Effect of Smartphone Use on Static and Dynamic Postural Balance in Healthy Young Adults
Authors: Orhan Emre , Altın Büşra , Aksoy Songül 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible effects of smartphone usage in the biomechanical balance system.

Method
Twenty-five healthy young adults (10 men, 15 women) between the ages of 18 and 25 years without balance problems were included in the study. Sensory organization, adaptation, rhythmic weight shift, and functional limitation tests (unilateral stance, sit to stand, walk across, tandem walk, step quick turn, step up down, forward lunge) have been applied.

Results

Significant results were obtained in parameters of sensory organization, tandem walk, walk across, and unilateral stance tests (
p
< .05).

Conclusion
The effects of using smartphones on postural control and balance in different circumstances, such as standing and walking, must be comprehensively determined to prevent accident.
Perioperatives Vorhofflimmern
Authors: Bodenstein Marc , Rohn Daniel , Schuster Michael 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungEin neu auftretendes Vorhofflimmern ist in der perioperativen Phase ein Risikofaktor für erhöhte Morbidität und Mortalität. Ein Patient, bei dem unmittelbar präoperativ oder intraoperativ ein Vorhofflimmern mit oder ohne schnelle Überleitung neu auftritt, muss kardiologisch vorgestellt werden. Die Verschiebung eines Eingriffs zugunsten einer kardiologischen Vorstellung kann den Heilungsverlauf unter Umständen günstig beeinflussen.
Infektionsprävention in der Anästhesie
Authors: Bonsignore Marzia , Nachtigall Irit 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungDie anästhesiologische Versorgung von Patienten im OP beinhaltet viele Tätigkeiten, bei denen es zu Infektionen kommen kann. Die Händehygiene ist die effektivste Einzelmaßnahme zur Prävention nosokomialer Infektionen. Spender mit Händedesinfektionsmittel sollten gut erreichbar angebracht werden.Bei der Zubereitung von Infusionen und i. v. zu verabreichenden Medikamenten kann ein Eintrag von Mikroorganismen auch bei Beachtung aller hygienischer Vorgaben nicht vollkommen ausgeschlossen werden. Daher dürfen Parenteralia ohne Konservierungsmittel nur unmittelbar vor der Gabe, nicht mehrfach und nicht für mehrere Patienten aus einem Gebinde entnommen werden.Bei Punktionen für Regionalanästhesien und zur Anlage von Gefäßkathetern gelten die höchsten Anforderungen an die Hygiene, wenn lange Seldinger-Drähte verwendet oder Katheter in tiefe Gewebsräume oder Körperhöhlen gelegt werden.Eine rechtzeitig applizierte Antibiotikaprophylaxe ist eine der wichtigsten Maßnahmen der perioperativen Infektionsprävention. Die Substanzauswahl und die Indikation sollten in einer hausinternen Leitlinie festgehalten sein. Die Wahrung eines ausgeglichenen Volumen-, Temperatur- und Glukosehaushalts trägt zur Prophylaxe postoperativer Wundinfektionen bei.Die Aufbereitung eines OP-Saals nach einer Operation muss immer gewährleisten, dass von diesem keine Infektionsgefahr für den folgenden Patienten ausgeht – unabhängig davon, mit welchen Erregern der Vorgängerpatient infiziert oder besiedelt ist. Für weitergehende Maßnahmen zur Trennung von sog. aseptischen und septischen Operationen oder von Patienten mit multiresistenten Erregern gibt es keine Evidenz.Um bei SARS-CoV-2-infizierten Patienten im OP die notwendigen Maßnahmen zum Mitarbeiterschutz ergreifen zu können, ist es essenziell, den aktuellen Infektionsstatus zu kennen. Bei der Übergabe des Patienten im OP sollte das Vorhandensein eines aktuellen Testergebnisses überprüft und z. B. auf der OP-Checkliste dokumentiert werden.
Prävention postoperativer Wundinfektionen
Authors: Utzolino Stefan , Eckmann Christian , Lock Johan Friso 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungDie moderne Chirurgie ermöglicht immer komplexere operative Eingriffe bei immer älteren und komorbiden Patienten. Dies geht mit einem potenziell erhöhten Risiko für perioperative Infektionen (SSI) einher. Für deren Vermeidung sind Sauberkeit, Händedesinfektion und steriles Arbeiten essenziell, während einige traditionelle Hygienemaßnahmen zur Prävention untauglich sind. In diesem Beitrag werden Unterschiede der relevantesten Leitlinien zu SSI ggf. besonders herausgestellt.
Inanspruchnahme von Gesundheitsleistungen bei Obdachlosen: Ergebnisse
der Hamburger Obdachlosenbefragung
Authors: Püschel Klaus , König Hans-Helmut , Hajek André , van Rüth Victoria , Bertram Franziska , Schüler Christine , Heinrich Fabian , Kretzler Benedikt 
Published: July 2021

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Bisher mangelt es an Studie zur Inanspruchnahme von
Gesundheitsleistungen bei Obdachlosen. Deshalb zielt diese Arbeit darauf ab, die
Inanspruchnahme von Gesundheitsleistungen bei Obdachlosen zu beschreiben.
Methodik Die Daten für diese Arbeit stammen aus der Hamburger
Obdachlosenbefragung (n=150, mittleres Alter 44,6 Jahre (SD: 12,5
Jahre)), die zwischen dem 25. Mai und dem 3. Juni 2020 in Hamburg
durchgeführt wurde. Die Inanspruchnahme von Gesundheitsleistungen wurde
im Detail erfasst (u. a., Krankenversichertenstatus, Inanspruchnahme
ambulanter und stationärer Leistungen, Medikamenteneinnahme,
Gründe für fehlende Inanspruchnahme von
Gesundheitsleistungen).
Ergebnisse Insgesamt hatten 61,2% der Obdachlosen eine
Gesundheitskarte. Ungefähr zwei Drittel (65,9%) der Obdachlosen
hatten in den letzten 12 Monaten irgendeine medizinische Leistung in Anspruch
genommen. Wesentlicher Grund für eine Nicht-Inanspruchnahme war der
fehlende Bedarf (74,6%). Insgesamt waren 39,8% in den letzten 12
Monaten mindestens einmal im Krankenhaus. Mobile Hilfen haben in den letzten 12
Monaten gut ein Drittel der Obdachlosen (34,2%) in Anspruch genommen
(primär das Krankenmobil, weniger das Zahnmobil sowie das ArztMobil
Hamburg). Insgesamt haben ca. 37,7% der Obdachlosen Medikamente
regelmäßig eingenommen. Schwierigkeiten bei dem Zugang zu
Medikamenten begründeten sich primär über zu hohe Preise
(63,6%). Knapp die Hälfte der Obdachlosen (47,0%) hatte
in den letzten 3 Monaten keinen Arzt in Anspruch genommen.
Schlussfolgerung Unsere Arbeit hat die Inanspruchnahme von
Gesundheitsleistungen bei Obdachlosen beschrieben. Es bedarf weiterer
Anstrengungen, um die sich daraus ergebenden Herausforderungen (z. B. im
Zugang zu medizinischen Leistungen) anzugehen. Weitere Forschungen in diesem
Bereich sind daher unerlässlich.
30- und 90-Tage-Letalität bei Patienten mit Lungenkarzinom im Stadium IV in Abhängigkeit der Primärtherapie
Authors: Moeller Miriam , Adner Juliane , Schuette Wolfgang , Krueger Marcus 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungDie frühe Letalität nach der Therapieeinleitung bei Patienten mit Lungenkarzinom im Stadium IV stand bisher selten im Fokus wissenschaftlicher Arbeiten. Die wenige verbleibende Zeit zwischen Diagnosestellung, Therapiebeginn und Todeseintritt sowie die evtl. beeinflussenden Faktoren beschäftigen jedoch Patienten und Behandler in hohem Maße. Entsprechend ist das Ziel dieser Arbeit die 30- und 90-Tage-Letalität nach Einleitung einer First-Line-Therapie zu analysieren und mögliche Einflussfaktoren auf eine frühe Letalität zu eruieren. Hierzu wurden retrospektiv die Daten von 225 Patienten mit Lungenkarzinom im Stadium IV und Behandlung im Lungenkrebszentrum Martha-Maria Halle-Dölau und in der Lungenklinik Ballenstedt im Zeitraum vom 01. 01. 2017 bis zum 18. 05. 2020 erfasst. Therapieformen und Patientenmerkmale wurden mittels Häufigkeitsverteilung analysiert und die Überlebenswahrscheinlichkeiten durch die Kaplan-Meier-Methode geschätzt. Die Analyse der frühen Letalität aller tumorspezifisch behandelten Patienten brachte zum Zeitpunkt 30 Tage nach Therapiebeginn eine Letalität von 8,5 % und nach 90 Tagen eine Rate von 23,5 %. Im direkten Vergleich der unterschiedlichen Therapiegruppen fielen die Patienten mit einer Monotherapie mit Checkpointinhibitoren mit einer höheren Letalität auf (16,6 % nach 30 Tagen und 44,3 % nach 90 Tagen). Hingegen blieb die Letalität der Patienten der anderen Therapiegruppen bei unter 10 % nach 30 Tagen und unter 23,3 % nach 90 Tagen. Als Prädiktoren für eine höhere frühe Letalität konnten ein schlechter Allgemeinzustand, eine fortgeschrittene Tumorerkrankung, eine Polymetastasierung sowie die positive Raucheranamnese eruiert werden. Dagegen bestand kein relevanter Unterschied der Letalität zwischen den unterschiedlichen Tumorentitäten, dem Geschlecht sowie dem PD-L1- und Mutationsstatus. Mit dieser Analyse konnte eine sehr hohe, mit anderen Untersuchungen vergleichbare frühe Letalität bei Patienten mit Lungenkarzinom nachgewiesen werden. Relevante Unterschiede zwischen den Therapieformen verdeutlichen die Wichtigkeit einer individuellen Patientenselektion zu den jeweiligen Therapieoptionen und die rasche Entscheidung zu einer Therapieeinleitung.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging under Sedation in Pediatric Patients: A Single-Institution Experience
Authors: Onguc Aycan Ilker , Taseli Yesim Cetintas , Temel Hakan , Dinc Bora , Coskunfirat Nesil , Sanli Suat 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans for children are a challenge for anesthesiologists since the child must be sedated enough to stand still. But anesthetic drugs used for sedation might have serious side effects and monitorization resources and accessibility to the patient during MRI scan is limited. We retrospectively examined 977 pediatric patients' files who had MRI scans in our hospital. We observed that children received one of the four combinations of anesthetic drugs: group 1 received midazolam, propofol, and ketamine; group 2 received midazolam and ketamine; group 3 received midazolam and thiopental; and group 4 received midazolam and propofol combination for sedation. The patients in group 1 had significantly higher vomiting rates than the patients in group 4 (p = 0.005). We observed bronchospasm in patients in group 1 (p = 0.006) and group 3 (p = 0.001), more than in patients in group 4. Nausea and vomiting ratios were lower in group 4. In patients with nausea and vomiting within a week after the procedure, statistically significant lower neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio values (p = 0.012) were observed. All four anesthetic combinations used in the trial provided safe anesthesia for the children, during the MRI scan. The anesthetic choice must be made according to the procedure time and patient's comorbidities. In this trial, we observed minimum side effects with midazolam and propofol combination.
3D Models as an Adjunct for Models in Studying Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Yaqinuddin Ahmed , Ikram Muhammad Faisal , Ambia Ayesha Rahman , Alaujan Raghad , Kashir Junaid 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common causes of dementia. Disease progression is marked by cognitive decline and memory impairment due to neurodegenerative processes in the brain stemming from amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition and formation of neurofibrillary tangles. Pathogenesis in AD is dependent on two main neurological processes: formation of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) composed of hyperphosphorylated tau protein and deposition of extracellular senile Aβ peptides. Given the nature of the disease, the pathology and progression of AD in vivo in humans have been difficult to study in vivo. To this degree, models can help to study the disease pathogenesis, biochemistry, immunological functions, genetics, and potential pharmacotherapy. While animal and two-dimensional (2D) cell culture models have facilitated significant progress in studying the disease, more recent application of novel three-dimensional (3D) culture models has exhibited several advantages. Herein, we describe a brief background of AD, and how current animal, 2D, and 3D models facilitate the study of this disease and associated therapeutics.
Experimental evidence for glass polymorphism in vitrified water droplets
Authors: Bachler Johannes , Giebelmann Johannes , Loerting Thomas 
Published: July 2021

Significance
The question of whether a first-order liquid-to-liquid transition is at the origin of water’s anomalous properties has been controversial since the pioneering experiments by Mishima et al. in 1985 and molecular simulations by Poole et al. in 1992. Since then, experiments aimed at shedding light on this question have been performed using amorphous ices made from crystalline ice, fueling criticism about their crystal-like nature. In the present study, we avoid crystalline ice at any time of the experiment yet still observe a first-order glass-to-glass transition in vitrified liquid droplets. This makes the strong case for glass polymorphism and the direct thermodynamic connection to the liquid-to-liquid transition at higher temperatures, dismissing the criticism voiced for three decades.