bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermoregulatory responses are enhanced by glucose ingestion compared with fructose ingestion during passive heating in men
Authors: SUZUKI AKINA , OKAZAKI KAZUNOBU , IMAI DAIKI , TAKEDA RYOSUKE , NAGHAVI NOOSHIN , MATSUMURA SHINYA , KAWABATA TAKASHI , MIYAGAWA TOSHIAKI 
Published: June 2021

Acute hyperglycemia attenuates the rise in esophageal temperatures (Tes) during exercise in the heat. We assessed the effects of acute hyperglycemia and insulin secretion on thermoregulatory responses.MethodsTen healthy young men performed two trials in a sitting position in an artificial climate chamber (28°C of Ta, 40% of RH). After 10 min baseline measurement, subjects drank glucose (GLU; water 300 ml + glucose 75 g) or fructose solution (FRU; water 300 ml + fructose 75 g), then 20 min after, they were heated passively (lower leg immersion in 42°C water) for 60 min. During experiment, plasma glucose concentration ([Glu]p), plasma osmolality (Posm), insulin and catecholamine concentrations, Tes and skin temperatures (Tsk), sweat rate (SR) and cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) at forearm and chest were measured.Results[Glu]p was higher in GLU than FRU without significant differences in Posm and changes in plasma volume during passive heating. Tes threshold for sweating and cutaneous vasodilation at both sites were significantly lower in GLU than FRU. The sensitivity of increases in SR at chest at a given increase in Tes was significantly higher in GLU and FRU. Increase in Tes at the end of passive heating was lower in GLU than FRU.ConclusionThermoregulatory responses during passive heating at rest were enhanced by glucose compared with fructose ingestion, which may be associated with insulin secretion.
Exercise modifies age‐related telomere dynamics in multiple tissues of CAST/Ei mice
Authors: Ludlow Andrew T , Witkowski Sarah , Marshall Mallory R. , Wang Jenny , Guth Lisa M. , Spangenburg Espen E. , Roth Stephen M. 
Published: June 2021

Telomere length has recently been positively associated with physical activity and exercise training in white blood cells, but data in other tissues are limited. We sought to determine the effects of age and exercise on telomere dynamics in heart, liver and skeletal muscle in CAST/EiJ mice. Twenty‐seven CAST/EiJ mice were separated into three groups: baseline (BL; n = 6; 8 wk old), exercise (EX, n = 10), and sedentary (SED, n = 11). EX animals had prolonged access to a running wheel from 8 wks of age until 52 wks of age (6.2±2.3km/d). SED animals were housed individually without a running wheel until 52 wk old. Telomere length, telomerase enzyme activity, mRNA and protein levels of telomere‐associated genes were determined. In heart and liver, telomere length decreased with age (SED vs BL) while exercise attenuated the loss of telomere length (P≤0.01). In skeletal muscle, age had no effect on telomere length vs BL but EX significantly reduced telomere length. Telomerase enzyme activity was not different in SED or EX vs BL in heart or liver, but was elevated vs SED in EX skeletal muscle. In general mRNA levels of telomere binding proteins (Trf1/2, Pot1a/b) decreased in heart and skeletal muscle with age, and EX was able to significantly attenuate this reduction, particularly in the heart (P≤0.05); no changes were observed in the liver. We conclude that telomere dynamics in vivo respond to age and exercise in a tissue specific manner.Support provided by NIH/NIA AG‐00268 and the Dept. of Kinesiology Graduate Student Research Initiative Fund.
Low Receptor Interacting Protein 140 (RIP140) Expression Adversely Impacts Proximal Insulin Signaling in L6 Skeletal Muscle Cells
Authors: Constantinescu Silvana , Turcotte Lorraine P 
Published: June 2021

We have shown that reduced expression of receptor interacting protein 140 (RIP140) alters the regulation of muscle fatty acid (FA) uptake and FA oxidation under basal and insulin‐stimulated conditions. To provide mechanistic insights for these changes, we measured the gene expression and protein content of proteins known to be involved in metabolic regulation. L6 myotubes were silenced using RNAi sequences for either RIP140 (RIP) or a negative control (NC) and incubated ± insulin (I: 1000 nM). As expected, RIP140 protein content (53%) and gene expression (37%) were decreased (P<0.05) in RIP cells. Low RIP140 expression increased (P<0.05) nerve growth factor IB (Nur77) gene expression (92%) but did not affect medium chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) expression. In NC cells, insulin did not affect MCAD or Nur77 expression while it decreased (P<0.05) Nur77 expression in RIP cells. Insulin increased fibroblast growth factor 21(FGF21) protein content in NC cells, but it had no effect in RIP cells. Low RIP140 expression increased basal AKTSer473 phosphorylation and prevented the insulin‐induced increase in AKTSer473, AKTThr308 or PKC‐ξThr408/410 phosphorylation. We conclude that low RIP140 expression directly affects the expression of several proteins associated with metabolic regulation and adversely impacts the induction of proximal insulin signaling.USC Women in Science and Engineering, USC Integrative and Evolutionary Biology and USC Zumberge Research Innovation Fund
Bortezomib partially protects the rat diaphragm from ventilator‐induced diaphragm dysfunction
Authors: Agten Anouk , Maes Karen , Thomas Debby , Decramer Marc , Gayan‐Ramirez Ghislaine 
Published: June 2021

Controlled mechanical ventilation leads to diaphragmatic contractile dysfunction and atrophy. Since proteolysis is enhanced in the diaphragm during controlled mechanical ventilation, we examined whether the administration of a proteasome inhibitor, Bortezomib, would have a protective effect against ventilator‐induced diaphragm dysfunction.Anesthetized rats were submitted for 24h to CMV while receiving 0.05mg/kg Bortezomib (MVB) or saline (CMV). Control rats were acutely anesthetized (C). After 24 hours, diaphragm forces were significantly decreased in the CMV group compared to C (−36%, p<0.001). Administration of Bortezomib improved the forces compared to CMV (+15%, p<0.01), but did not return to control levels. Compared to C, diaphragm cross sectional area (CSA) of the type IIx/b fibers was significantly decreased with 22% after CMV (p<0.05), while the CSA of the different fiber types in MVB remained similar to that of C. Diaphragmatic calpain activity was significantly increased (+63%, p<0.05) in CMV, but not in MVB. No differences were found in the activity of caspase‐3. These data show that the administration of Bortezomib partially protects the diaphragm from CMV‐induced diaphragm dysfunction.
Classification of the Items (Ingredients) in a 40‐day Rotating Menu Offered to Day‐Care Center Attendees in a Government‐Sponsored Program (SOSEP) according to the Monteiro Scale of Food‐Processing
Authors: Soto-Méndez María-José , Hernández Liza , Solomons Noel W. 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundIt has been suggested that the advance of processing of the foods in the human diets is causally associated with increasing chronic disease risk.ObjectiveTo classify the ingredients in the menu served to Guatemalan preschoolers in a day‐care center system according to the Monteiro Scale of food‐processing, modified for ingredient scoring.MethodsThe menu of the SOSEP, a Guatemalan government‐subsidized community day‐care system for low‐income preschoolers prescribes breakfast, lunch and 2 snacks daily, over 5‐d weekly, within a 8‐wk (40‐d) rotation. Dishes and recipes were reduced to their ingredients. Following the Monteiro Scale (Monteiro et al, Cad. Saúde Pública 2010), we classified each ingredient item as: GI, unprocessed/minimally processed; GII, processed; or GIII, ultraprocessed, and tabulated by menu appearance, and energy and weight contributions. Any item with added fortificant nutrients is classified as a GIII item.ResultsWe identified 102 ingredients in the menu. 60 (59%) were GI, 12 (12%) GII, and 30 (29%) GIII. The percentage of energy provided by the respective classes was: GI 24%; GII 31% and GIII 45%. In terms of the proportion of the weight of menu offering, the respective contributions were: GI 66%; GII 11%; and GIII 23%.ConclusionMenus still conserve a predominance of unprocessed items. Association of energy density with ultra‐processing clearly stands out.
Long‐term physical illness in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa
Authors: Gerhardt Ann 
Published: June 2021

We sought to determine the types of long term, non‐psychiatric illness that occur in women currently practicing or with a history of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. From a 20‐year, internal medicine practice specializing in nutrition and eating disorders, we attempted to locate 488 eating disorder patients who had achieved age 30 years at the time of the study. Seventy‐nine women were found and 73 agreed to participate by completing a questionnaire, which asked 9 questions concerning current and past disordered weight control behavior, 30 questions about symptoms, medical conditions and presumptive diagnoses, and single questions about family medical history and medications. 44% were no longer practicing disordered eating. Prevalence of symptoms or diseases of the following systems: 60.3% musculoskeletal, 50.7% gastrointestinal (8.2% hepatic), 41.1% cardiovascular, including 22.5% with mitral valve prolapse, 34.2% respiratory, 27.4% hematologic, 26% reproductive, 17.8% dermatologic, 15.1% endocrine, 8.2% renal and 4.1% neurologic. Only 7 (9.6%) had no physical illness. There was no association of eating disorder diagnosis with frequency of physical illness.ConclusionLong term physical symptoms and illness are common in eating disorder patients, even after eating disorder recovery. Support from Sutter Community Hospitals Institute for Medical Research
Association of adverse antenatal and perinatal events with occurrence of Autism: A Case Control Study
Authors: Al-Farsi Yahya M , Al-Khaduri Maha M , Al-Sharbati Marwan M , Waly Mostafa I , Al-Farsi Omar A , Al-Shafaee Mohammed A , Deth Richard C 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundEarly life events, especially during perinatal and neonatal period, have been proposed as important factors in the etiologic pathways of autism.ObjectivesTo evaluate the association between selected antental and perinatal adverse events and autism spectrum disorders (ASD).MethodsA retrospective case‐control study has been nested on ongoing prospective cohort study, and it included 102 ASD cases and 102 controls.ResultsAdjusted odds ratios (OR) were generated from logistic regression models. ASD was found to be associated with social problems during pregnancy (OR = 1.39; 95% CI 1.01, 4.2), serious illness or trauma (OR = 1.5; 95% CI 1.02, 3.2), medication intake during pregnancy (OR = 1.6; 95% CI 0.96, 4.6), and premature delivery (OR = 1.7; 95% CI 1.1, 2.6). No evidence has been obtained for a significant association with gestational diabetes, anemia, and exposure to X‐ray, or caesarian section.ConclusionsThis study indicates that adverse early life events mightbe associated with increased risk of ASD. Further proof is sought through conduct of an undergoing prospective cohort study.
The role of folate status and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene C677T polymorphism in sonic hedgehog signal and its altered methylation pattern in human colorectal carcinoma
Authors: Feng Hsin Chun , Kuo Chang-Sheng , Tian Yu-Feng , Sun Ding-Ping , Li Chien-Feng , Huang Rwei-Fen S. 
Published: June 2021

Aberrant activation of the hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway plays a critical role in human colorectal carcinomas (CRC) with unclear mechanisms. The objectives of the study was to determine the expression of sonic hedgehog (Shh), Gli effector and hedgehog interacting protein (HIP), the altered methylation of the promoter regions, tissue folate status as well as the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism in a total of 70 CRC tissues and the counter‐paired non‐cancerous tissues. The methylation status of Shh and HIP was determined by methylation‐specific PCR by bisulfate treatment of DNA from tissues followed by amplification using specific designed primer pairs. Among the detectable CRC (38 pairs), 63% and 44.7% of CRC tissues had increased expressions of Shh and Gli transcripts, whereas 60.5% exhibited reduced the HIP expressions (P < 0.05) as compared with the counterpart paired non‐cancerous tissues. Compared with the MTHFR 677 CT/TT variants, CRC with 677CC genotype compared appears to be associated with increased Shh expression and reduced HIP expressions, yet without reaching a statistical significance. Folate status did not differ among the C677T variants or among the cancerous vs noncancerous tissues. For several CRC tissues, altered methylation of Shh and HIP promoter region corresponds with their gene expression pattern. Taken together, CRC has increased expressions of Shh signaling molecules, which may be differentially related to their promoter methylation pattern and MTHFR 677CT genotype.Grant Funding Source: national science council
EFFECTS OF SELECT HUMAN MICROBES ON CITROBACTER RODENTIUM INFECTION IN MICE
Authors: mitmesser susan hazels , Russell William Michael , O'Mahny David , MacSharry John , Lyons Anne , Ceddia Michael , O'Mahony Liam 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundA balanced microbiota is important in preventing intestinal disorders and microbial infections.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of feeding Bifidobacterium longum AH1206, Bifidobacterium breve AH1205, and Lactobacillus salivarius AH102, all of human origin, on Citrobacter rodentium infected mice.MethodsC. rodentium infected mice (N=8/group) were fed B. longum AH1206, B. breve AH1205, L. salivarius AH102, or placebo for 15 days. A clinical score was determined (based on stool, anus, fur texture and color, posture, and activity) and weight measured daily. On day 15, animals were sacrificed and tissues were harvested and measured. The expression of host protective genes (IL6, IL10, CCL2, IL12p70, IFNy) was assessed by cytometric bead array (CBA). Mann‐Whitney t‐test was used to determine statistical differences, p≤0.05.ResultsThere was no significant difference among treatment groups in clinical score. AH1205 had significantly higher weight gain (p=0.012) and colon length (p<0.05) than placebo. AH1206 had significantly increased colon weight (p<0.05) and significantly decreased caecum weight (p<0.05) compared to placebo. There was a significantly higher level of CCL2 in AH1202 compared to placebo (p=0.027), but no differences were observed in any of the other cytokines measured.ConclusionOverall, the human microbes only had a modest effect on C. rodentium infection in mice, however strain‐related differences could be seen in important physiological markers of health.
Development of Functional Korean Traditional Pancake(Jeon) for the Global Marketing
Authors: jung ji-hye , yang jinyoung , park junghyun , shin junghee , kim hyunsook 
Published: June 2021

Korean traditional pancake, a popular traditional food, is often consumed as a side dish in Korea. However, it is very greasy and contains a lot of oil, sodium so not ideal for modern people. We tried to develop functional Korean traditional pancake low in calorie, with a good taste for the world. Black soybean was cultivated at Jeollanam‐do in autumn season and blueberry was cultivated at Chungcheong‐do in summer season. The Korean traditional pancake was made with black soybean or blueberry(BSBP 1~16, BBP 1~30). To develop the tasty Korean traditional pancake, evaluation of physical properties, sensory test(color, flavor, moistness, tenderness, mouth feel, and overall acceptability) and to confirm the functionality, clinical demonstration were conducted. The weight, volume, and hardness of the developed pancake changed. The springiness, cohesiveness were increased in BSBP 16 and the chewiness, gumminess were increased in BBP 30. From the result of sensory test, the taste of BSBP 16 and BBP 30 received high grade. After consuming developed pancake, the serum isoflavone and anthocyanin contents were measured, it was increased in a dose dependent manner.Grant Funding Source: Korean Food Foundation
Overweight in early HIV predicts slower disease progression in HIV+ Adults in Botswana
Authors: Martinez Sabrina Sales , Campa Adriana , Makhema Joseph , Burns Patricia , Farahani Mansour , Bussmann Hermann , Dusara Priti , Essex Max , Marlink Richard , Baum Marianna K 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo determine the predictive value of higher BMI on HIV disease progression in asymptomatic, ART naïve HIV+ adults.MethodsAfter consenting 218 participants, blood was drawn for measures of HIV disease progression (CD4 cell count, CD4 cell % and HIV viral load) at baseline and every 6 months for 24 months. Height, and weight were obtained and BMI calculated. BMI was categorized as underweight (<18.5 kg/m2), normal weight (18.5–24.9 kg/m2), overweight (25.0–29.9 kg/m2), and obese (>30 kg/m2).ResultsThe mean age was 34.21±8.33 years, 76.04% were female and the mean CD4 cell count was 468.26±161.21 cells/μL. The mean BMI was 24.07±4.64 kg/m2. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 26.42% (N=56) and 9.91% (N=21), respectively, similar to that in the general population of Botswana. Using mixed models, higher levels of BMI were predictive of higher levels of CD4 cell % over time after controlling for age (β=0.914, p=0.001). BMI category 25–29.9 kg/m2 was significantly predictive of lower HIV viral load log10 over time (β= −0.145, p=0.0295) after controlling for age and gender.ConclusionsIn this HIV+ ART naïve cohort, being overweight predicted a slower HIV disease progression. Mechanistic studies on the relationship between higher BMI and HIV disease progression are needed to support recommendations for HIV care in developing countries.Funded by NIDA
Assessing neurobehavioral function with the rat psychomotor vigilance task
Authors: Davis Catherine Marie , Hienz Robert D 
Published: June 2021

The human psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) was developed as a sensitive and standardized assay capable of quantifying changes in sustained attention. The procedure requires subjects to respond to a light stimulus as soon as it appears; a response extinguishes the stimulus and displays the subject's reaction time. The PVT is widely used in risk assessments in operational environments to provide feedback on fatigue levels and alertness.Given the importance and widespread use of the PVT, we have adapted a rodent PVT (rPVT) for use in the laboratory, primarily to detect drug‐ and radiation‐induced changes in neurobehavioral function in rats. Rats performing on the rPVT and humans on the PVT display similar mean reaction times, lapses in attention, premature responding, and normal variations in sustained attention. Amphetamine altered performances in a manner similar to the effects of psychostimulants; Zolpidem produced dose‐dependent decreases in rPVT performance. Further, rPVT performance is sensitive to individual differences in dopamine function following head‐only radiation exposure: rats showing significant changes in dopamine protein levels displayed performance deficits. Future work is focused on further examining the neurochemical systems involved in performing the rPVT and developing therapeutic strategies aimed at improving performance degraded by various environmental manipulations.
Impact of antenatal inflammation on diaphragm muscle function in the preterm lamb
Authors: Pinniger Gavin Jon , Lavin Tina , Bakker Anthony , Berry Clare , Noble Peter , Pillow Jane J 
Published: June 2021

The incidence of respiratory failure is higher in preterm babies than at any other time of life and clinically relevant antenatal exposures such as inflammation and sepsis may affect the development and function of the fetal diaphragm. We hypothesised that the preterm diaphragm is susceptible to phenotypic alteration induced by in utero exposure to inflammation.We used an established newborn sheep model of neonatal lung disease to determine the impact of in utero inflammatory exposure on the contractile function of the newborn diaphragm. Pregnant ewes received intra‐amniotic injections of saline or LPS (10 mg, E coli O55:B5; Sigma, Melb, Aust) at 2 d or 7 d prior to delivery. Ewes were sedated (IV Ketamine 10 mg/kg, Medetomidine 0.02 mg/kg) and received a spinal anaesthetic (2% Lignocaine, 3 mL) prior to the premature delivery of lambs at 121 d gestation (term = 150 d). At post‐mortem, the diaphragm was removed for assessment of contractile function.Acute in utero exposure to an inflammatory stimulus caused significant (~30%) weakness in the diaphragm muscle. Maximum specific forces from twitch and tetanic contractions were significantly lower after 2 d and 7 d exposure to LPS compared to saline controls. After 2 d LPS exposure, the twitch half‐relaxation time was significantly longer than both 7 d LPS and saline controls. There were no significant differences in the susceptibility to fatigue or to stretch‐induced muscle damage between the treatment groups.These data indicate that both short term (2 d) and longer term (7 d) in utero exposure to inflammation causes contractile dysfunction in the pre‐term diaphragm. This muscle weakness is likely to further impair the functional capacity of the diaphragm and limit the ability to cope with the increased mechanical loads associated with a structurally and functionally immature respiratory system.
Doublet Discharges Improve Force During Fatigue in Single Fibers
Authors: Cheng Arthur Junn-Hay , Bruton Joseph D. , Westerblad Håkan 
Published: June 2021

Doublet discharge is the brief high discharge of motor units recorded at the very onset of a voluntary muscle contraction, which increases both force and maximal rate of force development in submaximal contractions. However, whether doublet discharges ameliorate or worsen fatigue‐induced reductions in force have not been investigated.MethodsTwenty‐four mechanically‐dissected intact single fibers from flexor digitorum brevis muscles of C57 mice were injected with indo‐1 to assess free myoplasmic tetanic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i). Fatigue was induced with 150 brief 60 ms tetani every 300 ms, using either a constant frequency 70 Hz stimulation protocol or a doublet stimulation protocol that added a 200 Hz interpulse interval at the start of 70 Hz constant frequency trains.ResultsDuring the first 25 contractions of the fatigue protocol, doublets produced greater force‐time integral and peak force compared with the constant frequency tetani. There was no significant difference between protocols in the plateau tetanic force loss from contractions 50 up to 150. No significant differences in mean tetanic [Ca2+]i were observed between the two stimulation fatigue protocols.ConclusionWithout requiring greater mean tetanic [Ca2+]i than constant frequency stimulation, our findings show that initial doublets increase tetanic force in early but not late stages of fatigue. Supported by The Swedish Research Council