bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence against the “anomalous-is-bad” stereotype in Hadza hunter gatherers
Authors: Workman Clifford , Smith Kristopher , Apicella Coren , Chatterjee Anjan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
People have an “anomalous-is-bad” stereotype whereby they make negative inferences about the moral character of people with craniofacial anomalies like scars. This stereotype is hypothesized to be a byproduct of adaptations for avoiding pathogens. However, evidence for the anomalous-is-bad stereotype comes from studies of European and North American populations; the byproduct hypothesis would predict universality of the stereotype. We presented 123 Hadza across ten camps pairs of morphed Hadza faces—each with one face altered to include a scar—and asked who they expected to be more moral and a better forager. Hadza with minimal exposure to other cultures chose at chance for both questions. Hadza with greater exposure to other cultures, however, expected the scarred face to be less moral and a better forager. These results suggest the anomalous-is-bad stereotype is culturally shared, providing evidence against a universal pathogen avoidance byproduct hypothesis.
Towards Implementation of Context-specific Integrated District Mental Health Care Plans: A Situation Analysis of Mental Health Services in Five Districts in Ghana
Authors: Weobong Benedict , Ae-Ngibise Kenneth A. , Sakyi Lionel , Lund Crick 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Access to quality mental health services in Ghana remains poor, yet little is known about the extent of integrated mental health service provision in districts in Ghana. The purpose of the study was to conduct a situation analysis of integrated mental health service provision in five districts, to inform the development and implementation of tailored district mental healthcare plans in Ghana. Methods: A cross-sectional situation analysis was conducted using a standardised tool to collect secondary routine healthcare data supplemented with interviews with key informants across five purposively selected districts in Ghana. The PRIME (Programme for Improving Mental health care) situation analysis tool was adapted to the Ghanaian context and used for data collection. Results: The districts are predominantly rural; more than eight out of ten people in each selected districts live in rural areas. Mental Neurological and Substance use (MNS) conditions were not routinely reported in the top 10 causes of OPD attendance. Across all districts there are severe challenges with the provision of mental health care, primarily because of the slow enforcement of the mental health Act 2012 (Act 846). There are no mental health care plans, supervision of the few mental health professionals is weak and unstructured, access to regular supply of psychotropic medications is a major challenge, and psychological treatments are extremely limited given the lack of trained clinical psychologists. Data on treatment coverage was unavailable but we estimate this to be <0.5% for depression, schizophrenia, and epilepsy across districts. Nonetheless, opportunities for mental health systems strengthening were noted. These included commitment and willingness of leadership, the existence of a district health information management system, well-established network of community volunteers and some collaboration with traditional and faith-based mental health service providers. Conclusion: The baseline data from this situation analysis confirms the widely reported poor mental health infrastructure across Ghana and other Low and Middle-Income Countries. There are opportunities for strengthening mental health systems through interventions at the organisation/policy level, health facility, and community levels. A standardised situation analysis tool is useful to inform district level mental health care planning in low resource settings in Ghana and potentially other sub-Saharan African countries.
Molecular Characterization of a Novel Virga-like Virus Isolated From Wheat
Authors: Li Hua , Guo Jun , Zhao ZhongHua , Ye Zhuangxin , Chen Jianping , Yang Jian 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this work, we report the isolation of a novel positive-sense single strand RNA virus from wheat, tentatively named Triticum aestivum-associated virga-like virus 1 (TaAVLV1). Further characterization revealed that the complete genome of TaAVLV1 was divided into two segments, RNA1 and RNA2, which were 3530 and 3466 nt long, excluding the polyA tail. These segments contained two open reading frames (ORFs). The ORF in RNA1 encoded an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), while the ORF in RNA2 encoded a putative protein carrying MET and HEL domains. Phylogenetic analysis based on the RdRp protein of each representative genus of Virgaviridae placed TaAVLV1 in the unclassified Virgaviridae clade of the Virgaviridae family. To our knowledge, this is the first report of virga-like virus isolated from wheat. Future studies will be conducted to examine its effect on host growth and development.
Hydroxysafflor Yellow A Blocks HIF-1α Induction of NOX2 and Protects ZO-1 Protein in Cerebral Microvascular Endothelium
Authors: Li Yi , Liu Xiaotian , Zhang Peilin , Li Yuchen , Sun Mengru , Wang Yitao , Wang Shengpeng , Yang Hua , Liu Baolin , Wang Mei , Gao Wen , Li Ping 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) protein ensures cerebrovascular integrity against brain ischemic injury. Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) is a major ingredient of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) with anti-oxidative activity. Because conventional ROS scavengers display poor reactivity with endogenous ROS, this study investigated whether HSYA protected ZO-1 by targeting the enzymes responsible for ROS generation.Methords: Photothrombotic stroke model was prepared in mice to evaluate the protective effect of HSYA on cerebrovascular endothelium. The molecular regulation was investigated in cultured cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (bEnd.3 cells).Results: Oral administration of HSYA (50 mg/kg) reduced cerebral vascular leakage with ZO-1 protection in mice after stroke, largely due to suppression of ROS-associated inflammation. In LPS-stimulated bEnd.3 cells, HSYA increased the ratio of NAD+/NADH to restore Sirt1 induction, which bound to Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) to ensure HIF-1α protein degradation. Although both NOX1 and NOX2 isoforms were inducible in endothelial cells, we identified NOX2 as the driving force of ROS production. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase report gene assay revealed that HIF-1α transcriptionally regulated p47phox and Nox2 subunits for the assembly of NOX2 complex, which was blocked by HSYA treatment, largely by reducing HIF-1α accumulation. Inflammation-associated lipid peroxidation impaired ZO-1 protein, but HSYA treatment attenuated carbonyl modification and thus prevented ZO-1 protein from 20S proteasome-mediated degradation, eventually protecting endothelial integrity. In microvascular ZO-1 deficient mice, we further confirmed that HSYA protected cerebrovascular integrity and attenuated ischemic injury dependent on ZO-1 protection. Conclusions: HSYA blocked HIF-1α/NOX2 signaling cascades to protect ZO-1 from proteasomal degradation, suggesting that targeting NOX2 in endothelium is a potential therapeutic strategy to protect against ischemic brain injury.
Experimental Evaluation of Furosemide and/or Tadalafil in Conventional and Nanoparticle Forms in Prevention of Chronic Renal Failure Induced in Rats
Authors: Hamdy Moustafa Mahmoud , Rahman Mahran S. Abdel. , Badary Dalia M. , Sabra Mahmoud 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Chronic renal failure (CRF) is a progressive loss of renal function that lead to reduced sodium filtration and inappropriate suppression of tubular reabsorption that ultimately leads to volume expansion. To improve treatment outcomes, the aim of this study was to evaluate the possible renoprotective effect of tadalafil and furosemide, individually and in combination, in both conventional and nanoforms in adenine-induced CRF rat-model. Methods: Addition of 0.75% adenine to the diet of rats for 4 weeks gained general acceptance as a model to study kidney damage as this intervention mimicked most of the structural and functional changes seen in human chronic kidney disease Urine analysis, histopathological changes and immunohistochemical expression of caspase-3 and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in renal tissues were performed.Results: Our results showed that the combination of tadalafil and furosemide using conventional and nanoparticle formulations revealed a beneficial therapeutic effect in the treatment of CRF. This was demonstrated by improvement of urinary, serum and renal tissue markers as indicative of organ damage. This was also reflected on the reduction of tubular expression of KIM-1 and NGAL. Immunohistochemical studies showed that significant increase in the number of apoptotic tubular cells indicated by increased expression of caspase-3 in CRF. These deteriorated renal cellular changes were improved by the treatment of rats with the investigated drugs. Results from ELISA showed that IL-1β was reduced by such treatment in kidney tissue. Conclusion: Tadalafil and furosemide improved the biochemical, histopathological and immunohistochemistry changes in adenine-induced CRF which strongly support the renopreventive effects of investigated drugs in particular the nanoparticle forms.
Problem of criminal legal qualification of domestic violence in law enforcement practice
Authors: Oliinychenko Anhelina Yevhenivna 
Published: December 2021

Domestic violence is a phenomenon that can take the form of a socially dangerous act and be qualified as a crime under Art. 126-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine and other articles of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. It is the correctness of the criminal legal qualification of domestic violence that became the subject of our study.
The lack of systematic interpretation of Art. 126-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine leads in practice to the fact that the courts decide completely differently on the qualification of actions of a person. After all, domestic violence can be a manifestation of both an administrative offense and a criminally punishable act. That makes it impossible to further apply the restrictive measures of a criminal legal nature, enshrined in Art. 91-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. Such situation has already become the basis for resolution in the order of review by higher courts and formation of a position on the most problematic aspects by the Supreme Court of Ukraine. In particular, in order to avoid the prohibited double conviction or punishment, the proceedings must be combined on a comprehensive basis and form a single whole. This means not only that the goal and the means used to achieve it must complement each other in nature and be linked in time, but also that the possible consequences of such legal response to appropriate behavior must be proportionate and predictable. for the persons to whom they relate.
Thus, the purpose of our study is to form a list of issues for the correct criminal legal qualification of actions under Art. 126-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, for the correct separation from the administrative offense under Art. 173-2 of the Code of Administrative Offenses, as well as from other criminal offenses related to domestic violence. The task is to study the conclusions of the Supreme Court of Ukraine, to analyse the case law, to analyse the research conducted by non-governmental international organizations, as well as to analyse the positions of the doctrine of criminal and criminal procedure law on this issue.
HUMAN TRANSFORMATION IN THE MODERN CULTURAL SPACE: ETHICAL-AXIOLOGICAL ASPECT
Authors: Babina Svitlana 
Published: December 2021

The article examines the transformations of man in the modern cultural space in the ethical and axiological aspect. Emphasis is placed on understanding the transformations of the «external», which are associated with (self) construction of the image of man and the human body, through the prism of artificial/natural dichotomy. It is noted that the common directions of «human improvement» are based on such values as the cult of the ideal body, the cult of youth, the cult of beauty, the superpowers of the human body. Emphasis is placed on the problem of the limits of permissible artificial interference in the biological nature of man to preserve the natural human essence.
Exploring the village tank cascade systems (VTCSs) in Vavuniya district, Sri Lanka
Authors: Nanthakumaran A. , Kadupitiya H. K. , Devaisy S. , Athukorale W. E. P. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
An attempt was made to identify, validate the village tank cascade systems (VTCSs) and study the water flow from one village tank to another in each VTCS in the eight Agrarian Service Centre (ASC) divisions in the Vavuniya district from October 2017 to December 2018. VTCS contribute a significant share of available water resources for the livelihoods of households in the Vavuniya district. The 1:10,000 topographic map of the Survey Department, satellite images and the digital elevation model were used to identify the cascades and flow direction map for the study area using ArcGIS 10.2.2. Among 756 village tanks in the district, 80 VTCSs comprising 514 village tanks were identified, and only 69 cascades were validated in the field. In addition, this study identified 111 isolated village tanks without connecting with other village tanks and 131 abandoned village tanks. Further investigation is recommended to explore the possibilities of increasing the cascade areas in the study area by connecting isolated tanks with VTCSs. Initiation taken towards rehabilitation of cascades would enhance the livelihood of farm households in the Vavuniya district and lead to sustainable water resource management.
Process simulation of modelled reverse osmosis for desalination of seawater
Authors: Salahudeen Nurudeen 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Model equations for prediction of process parameters of reverse osmosis for desalination of seawater were developed via mathematical derivation from basic equations for the reverse osmosis process. A model equation relating the interfacial solute concentration () with the process pressure difference () was developed. Taking the of reverse osmosis as the basic independent variable, further model equations relating other process parameters such as the solute concentration polarity , water flux , osmotic pressure , water output rate (q), power density (Pd) and specific energy consumption (SEC) were developed. Simulation of hypothetical reverse osmosis data using Microsoft Excel Worksheet and Microsoft Windows 10 on a 64-bit operating system was carried out. Simulation results showed that the optimum fluid bulk concentration was = 0.0004 mole/cm3. The optimum rate of increase in the solute rejection factor per unit rise in ΔP was 0.45%. The optimum solute rejection factor was 97.6%. The optimum water output rate, specific energy consumption and power density were 103.2 L/h, 3.65 kWh/m3 and 6.09 W/m2, respectively.
Experimental study on three simple tracers for the assessment of extraneous water into sewer systems
Authors: Guo Shuai , Ding Rui , Huang Biao , Zhu David Z. , Zhou Wenming , Li Mei 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In recent years, three simple tracers (conductivity, turbidity and temperature) have shown their advantages to many other tracers for tracing and assessment of extraneous water (or inflow and infiltration, I/I) into sewer systems due to low detection cost and high monitoring frequency. A better understanding of the error and uncertainty of the three simple tracers on the quantification of I/I will help to improve the reliability and reduce the cost of actual projects. A large-scale experimental model simulating a 36 m long sewer was constructed for conducting extraneous water flow tests including groundwater infiltration, wastewater inflow and hot water inflow under different I/I flow rates and concentrations. The accuracy and uncertainty of the three tracers were estimated, and their correlation with tracer concentration difference before and after extraneous inflow was also analyzed. Experimental results provide guidance for the practical applicability of the three tracers under different I/I conditions.
The Fundamental Role of Stress Echo in Evaluating Coronary Artery Disease
in Specific Patient Populations
Authors: Raftopoulos Leonidas , Aggeli Constantina , Dimitroglou Yannis , Kakiouzi Vasiliki , Tsartsalis Dimitrios , Patsourakos Dimitrios , Tsioufis Costas 
Published: December 2021

:
Stress echocardiography (SE) was initially used for assessing patients with known or suspected
coronary heart disease by detecting and evaluating myocardial ischemia and viability. The
implementation of SE has gradually been extended to several cardiovascular diseases beyond coronary
artery disease, and SE protocols have been modified and adapted for the detection of coronary
artery disease (CAD) or other cardiovascular diseases in specific patient populations. This review
attempts to summarize current data concerning SE implementation and clinical value in these specific
and diverse populations: patients with an intramural course of a coronary artery, known as a
myocardial bridge, chronic severe or end-stage hepatic disease, chronic severe or end-stage kidney
disease, cardiac allograft vasculopathy, patients scheduled for solid-organ transplantation and other
intermediate and high-risk surgery and, finally, patients treated with anticancer drugs or radiotherapy.
An Ultrasound-Assisted Solvent and Catalyst-Free Synthesis of Structurally
Diverse Pyrazole Centered 1,5-disubstituted Tetrazoles via One-Pot
Four-Component Reaction
Authors: Swami Suman , Shrivastava Rahul , Sharma Neelam , Agarwala Arunava , Verma Ved Prakash , Singh Atul Pratap 
Published: December 2021

Abstract:
1,5-Disubstituted tetrazoles are vital drug-like scaffolds usually encountered as valuable
bioisosteres of the cis-amide bond. In this article, we reported the synthesis of some novel medicinally
relevant pyrazole centered 1,5-disubstituted tetrazoles using ultrasound irradiation via a
one-pot 4-C reaction from various pyrazole originated aldehyde, amine, isocyanide, and sodium
azide. All the synthesized derivatives were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, spectroscopic
techniques, and mass analysis. This ultrasound-assisted green protocol has several advantages
like mild reaction condition, high yield, catalyst and solvent-free reaction protocol, 15 minutes reaction
time and easy workup.
The Spectrum of Cefditoren for Lower Respiratory Tract Infections (LRTIs)
in Surabaya
Authors: Rosyid Alfian Nur , Endraswari Pepy Dwi , Kusmiati Tutik , Puspitasari Arina Dery , Purba Abdul Khairul Rizki , Effendi Wiwin Is , Soedarsono  , Nasronudin  , Amin Muhammad 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Empirical antibiotics among outpatients with Lower Respiratory Tract Infections
(LRTIs) are scarcely allocated in Indonesia. The study aims to evaluate the pathogens causing
LRTIs, drug sensitivity test and the minimum inhibitory concentrations of 90% (MIC90) of
Cefditoren, Azithromycin, Amoxicillin-Clavulanic Acid, and Cefixime.

Methods:
The study was performed in adult outpatients with LRTI that can be expectorated. Patients
with diabetes mellitus, HIV, lung tuberculosis, renal or hepatic failure, and hemoptysis were
excluded. We performed bacterial culture, antibiotic sensitivity, and MIC measurement of four
antibiotics.

Results:
There were 126 patients with LRTIs, and 61 patients were eligible for the study. We identified
69 bacteria. We found Klebsiella pneumonia (n=16; 26.23%), Staphylococcus aureus (n=11;
18%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=8; 13.11%), Acinetobacter baumanii complex (n= 4; 6.55%),
Streptococcus pneumonia (n=3; 4.9%) and others bacteria as causes of LRTI. Testing MIC90 of
Cefditoren and three empiric antibiotics on LRTI found that Cefditoren has a lower MIC of 90 for
K. pneumonia (0.97(2.04) μg.mL-1) and S. pneumonia (0.06(0.00)μg.mL-1) than other antibiotics,
but almost the same as Cefixime ((0.05(0.16)μg.mL-1) and (0.38(0.17)μg.mL-1). MIC90 Cefditoren
for S.aureus (3.18(3.54)μg.mL-1) and P.aeruginosa (9.2(3.53)μg.mL-1) is lower than Cefixime but
higher than Azithromycin and Amoxicillin-Clavulanic acid. Reference data MIC90 of Cefditoren
for LRTI bacteria is lower than the other three oral empirical antibiotics.

Conclusions:
In vitro studies of an outpatient LRTI in Surabaya found gram-negative bacteria dominant.
Cefditoren can inhibit K.pneumonia and S.pneumonia has a lower MIC90 compared to other
antibiotics. Cefditoren can inhibit gram-negative and positive bacteria causing LRTI.
Application of Collagen and Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Regenerative Dentistry
Authors: Sharifi Simin , Dizaj Solmaz Maleki , Samiei Mohammad , Alipour Mahdieh , Khezri Khadijeh , Saadat Yalda Rahbar , Forouhandeh Haleh , Abdolahinia Elaheh Dalir , Vahed Sepideh Zununi 
Published: December 2021

:
Collagen is an important macromolecule of extracellular matrix (ECM) in bones, teeth,
and temporomandibular joints. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) interact with the components of
the ECM such as collagen, proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), and several proteins on behalf
of variable matrix elasticity and bioactive cues. Synthetic collagen-based biomaterials could
be effective scaffolds for regenerative dentistry applications due to mimicking of host tissues’
ECM. These biomaterials are biocompatible, biodegradable, readily available, and non-toxic to
cells whose capability promotes cellular response and wound healing in the craniofacial region.
Collagen could incorporate other biomolecules to induce mineralization in calcified tissues like
bone and tooth. Moreover, the addition of these molecules or other polymers to collagen-based biomaterials
could enhance mechanical properties, which is important in load-bearing areas such as
the mandible. A literature review was performed via a reliable internet database (mainly PubMed)
based on MeSH keywords. This review first describes the properties of collagen as a key protein in
the structure of hard tissues. Then, it introduces different types of collagens, the correlation between
collagen and MSCs, and the methods used to modify collagen in regenerative dentistry, including
recent progression on the regeneration of periodontium, dentin-pulp complex, and temporomandibular
joint by applying collagen. The prospects and challenges of collagen-based biomaterials
in the craniofacial region are pointd out.