bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of HCV Eradication after Direct-Acting Antiviral Agents on Hepatic
Steatosis: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Soliman Hanan , Ziada Dina , Hamisa Manal , Badawi Rehab , Hawash Nehad , Salama Marwa , Abd-Elsalam Sherief 
Published: January 2021

Background and Aims:
Eradication of hepatitis C virus (HCV) by direct-acting-antiviral-
agents (DAAs) was followed by fibrosis regression, but little is available about hepatic steatosis
changes after DAAs. The aim of this work was to assess the prevalence of hepatic steatosis among
HCV Egyptian patients and the long term changes occuring after viral eradication.

Methods:
This prospective cohort study included 150 HCV patients with significant fibrosis. They
were examined by Transient elastography to evaluate liver stiffness measurement (LSM) and hepatic
steatosis before treatment, at SVR12 and 1 year after the end of therapy.

Results:
LSM showed a significant positive correlation to pretreatment of hepatic steatosis. LSM
significantly decreased and hepatic steatosis significantly increased both at SVR12 and one year after
DAAs. Patients with steatosis showed significantly higher median LSM and controlled attenuation
parameter (CAP) values at: baseline, SVR12, and one year after therapy. Also, the pretreatment
steatosis and body mass index (BMI) had a significant negative correlation with fibrosis regression
one year after therapy in all studied groups.

Conclusion:
Hepatic steatosis is common in HCV Egyptian patients and increases after HCV eradication
with DAAs. BMI and CAP values are negatively correlated to hepatic fibrosis regression
and positively correlated to steatosis progression one year after DAAs. So, HCV patients with hepatic
steatosis may need close follow up for atherosclerotic and HCC risk after DAAs, especially if
they are overweight.
Infection Control Behavior at Home During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Observational Study of a Web-Based Behavioral Intervention (Germ Defence)
Authors: Ainsworth Ben , Miller Sascha , Denison-Day James , Stuart Beth , Groot Julia , Rice Cathy , Bostock Jennifer , Hu Xiao-Yang , Morton Katherine , Towler Lauren , Moore Michael , Willcox Merlin , Chadborn Tim , Gold Natalie , Amlôt Richard , Little Paul , Yardley Lucy 
Published: January 2021

Background
To control the COVID-19 pandemic, people should adopt protective behaviors at home (self-isolation, social distancing, putting shopping and packages aside, wearing face coverings, cleaning and disinfecting, and handwashing). There is currently limited support to help individuals conduct these behaviors.

Objective
This study aims to report current household infection control behaviors in the United Kingdom and examine how they might be improved.

Methods
This was a pragmatic cross-sectional observational study of anonymous participant data from Germ Defence between May 6-24, 2020. Germ Defence is an open-access fully automated website providing behavioral advice for infection control within households. A total of 28,285 users sought advice from four website pathways based on household status (advice to protect themselves generally, to protect others if the user was showing symptoms, to protect themselves if household members were showing symptoms, and to protect a household member who is at high risk). Users reported current infection control behaviors within the home and intentions to change these behaviors.

Results
Current behaviors varied across all infection control measures but were between sometimes (face covering: mean 1.61, SD 1.19; social distancing: mean 2.40, SD 1.22; isolating: mean 2.78, SD 1.29; putting packages and shopping aside: mean 2.75, SD 1.55) and quite often (cleaning and disinfecting: mean 3.17, SD 1.18), except for handwashing (very often: mean 4.00, SD 1.03). Behaviors were similar regardless of the website pathway used. After using Germ Defence, users recorded intentions to improve infection control behavior across all website pathways and for all behaviors (overall average infection control score mean difference 0.30, 95% CI 0.29-0.31).

Conclusions
Self-reported infection control behaviors other than handwashing are lower than is optimal for infection prevention, although handwashing is much higher. Advice using behavior change techniques in Germ Defence led to intentions to improve these behaviors. Promoting Germ Defence within national and local public health and primary care guidance could reduce COVID-19 transmission.
Understanding the Public Discussion About the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention During the COVID-19 Pandemic Using Twitter Data: Text Mining Analysis Study
Authors: Lyu Joanne Chen , Luli Garving K 
Published: January 2021

Background
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is a national public health protection agency in the United States. With the escalating impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on society in the United States and around the world, the CDC has become one of the focal points of public discussion.

Objective
This study aims to identify the topics and their overarching themes emerging from the public COVID-19-related discussion about the CDC on Twitter and to further provide insight into public's concerns, focus of attention, perception of the CDC's current performance, and expectations from the CDC.

Methods
Tweets were downloaded from a large-scale COVID-19 Twitter chatter data set from March 11, 2020, when the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic, to August 14, 2020. We used R (The R Foundation) to clean the tweets and retain tweets that contained any of five specific keywords—cdc, CDC, centers for disease control and prevention, CDCgov, and cdcgov—while eliminating all 91 tweets posted by the CDC itself. The final data set included in the analysis consisted of 290,764 unique tweets from 152,314 different users. We used R to perform the latent Dirichlet allocation algorithm for topic modeling.

Results
The Twitter data generated 16 topics that the public linked to the CDC when they talked about COVID-19. Among the topics, the most discussed was COVID-19 death counts, accounting for 12.16% (n=35,347) of the total 290,764 tweets in the analysis, followed by general opinions about the credibility of the CDC and other authorities and the CDC's COVID-19 guidelines, with over 20,000 tweets for each. The 16 topics fell into four overarching themes: knowing the virus and the situation, policy and government actions, response guidelines, and general opinion about credibility.

Conclusions
Social media platforms, such as Twitter, provide valuable databases for public opinion. In a protracted pandemic, such as COVID-19, quickly and efficiently identifying the topics within the public discussion on Twitter would help public health agencies improve the next-round communication with the public.
Nilai Strategis Good Citizen Sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Kualitas Pembangunan Pemuda Di Kalimantan Barat
Authors: SD Hardi Alunaza , Mentari Mentari 
Published: January 2021

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan nilai-nilai strategis good citizen dalam peningkatan kualitas pembangunan pemuda di Kalimantan Barat. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Sumber datanya adalah studi kepustakaan dan dianalisis menggunakan model analisis Miles Huberman. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai strategis good citizen yang bisa dijadikan acuan dalam upaya peningkatan pembangunan pemuda di Kalimantan Barat adalah (1) good intelligence yang tercermin dari open minded, integritas diri, dan berhati seorang hamba; (2) good responsibility sebagai esensi dasar peningkatan kualitas pembangunan pemuda dan (3) good manner sebagai penopang perbaikan kualitas hidup pemuda. Berdasarkan temuan tersebut disarankan: (1) peningkatan kualitas pembangunan di Kalimantan Barat harus memperhatikan aspek pendidikan yang berdampak positif terhadap kualitas diri pemuda; (2) Selain aspek pendidikan, pemuda juga harus dibekali dasar-dasar kepemimpinan untuk membentuk individu yang bertanggung jawab; (3) Serta memperhatikan aspek yang sangat krusial dari good citizen yakni memiliki etika yang baik sebagai tujuan utama yang sesuai dengan nilai-nilai Pancasila.
Students' learning motivation and cognitive competencies in the PP and PBL models
Authors: Hidayati Nurul , Tanah Boleng Didimus , Candra Krishna Purnawan 
Published: January 2021

The learning model is one of the critical factors in boosting student to have good learning motivation (LM) and cognitive competencies (CC). In two academic years (2016-2017), only 19.6% of Senior High School (SHS) students in Samarinda passed minimal competence in Biology subject. This research was conducted to find out a better learning model in Biology subject to replace the conventional learning (CL) model. A quasi-experiment using three learning models, i.e. Problem Posing (PP), Problem-based Learning (PBL), and CL, were conducted in all three 11th grade student classes at Public Islamic SHS (PISHS) I Samarinda in the period of odd semester of 2018/2019 academic year. The LM and CC data were collected by questionnaires, each has 40 and 9 problems, respectively. The LM and CC data were analyzed by ANOVA and ANCOVA continued by comparison test using Bonferroni test (p< 0.05), respectively. The results showed that the CL model could increase the CC, but not improve LM. However, PP and PBL model were significantly more effective (p< 0.05) in increasing both the CC and LM. The PP is superior in improving the LM, while the PBL is superior in gaining the cognitive competence.
A Comprehensive Study on Knowledge, Attitude and Preventive measures regarding Dengue Fever in Bangladesh: Quantitative Interview among University Students.
Authors: Farzana S.M. , Sahid Farzana Binte , Bhattacherjee Devaroti , Zulfiquar Tasniya Nahiyan , Haque Sanjida , Jahan Lubna , Baral Prodip Kumar , Chowdhury Imtiaj Hossain 
Published: January 2021

Background: Dengue fever (DF) is the most rapidly spreading mosquito-borne viral disease in the world. In this decade it has expanded to new countries and from urban to rural areas. Limited awareness and nonsystematized health education programmes have contributed adversely to the increase in dengue incidence due to limited attention which has positively contributed to the increase in vector receptivity. The current study was conducted to ascertain the knowledge, attitudes and Preventive measures regarding Dengue fever among the students of various universities in Bangladesh.
Study design: A cross-sectional survey was carried out to assess the Knowledge, Awareness and Preventive measures (KAP) among the students of various universities in Bangladesh.
Methodology: Between August 2020 & November 2020, an epidemiological survey was conducted among 199 students of various universities throughout Bangladesh. We collected information on the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents and their knowledge, attitude and Preventive measures regarding DF using a structured questionnaire. Majority of the questions were dichotomous (Yes/No type) and some questions were asked using five point Likert scale. We then statistically compared their knowledge, attitude and Preventive measures in regard to socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents to identify possible causes of observed differences using SPSS version 23.
Results: Total number of students from Diploma, Undergraduate (Honor's), Postgraduate (Master's) were 199 who had given voluntary consent and participated in this study willingly. The sample comprised more males (56%) than females (44%), and almost 50% of respondents were from allied health science (Pharmacy, Microbiology, Public health, Botany, Zoology, Biotechnology, Biochemistry etc) background. Respondents had relatively good knowledge about aspects of Dengue fever. Out of 199 individuals interviewed, 97% had heard of DF. They had good knowledge score regarding dengue symptoms but comparatively moderate knowledge score regarding dengue transmission and management. The knowledge, attitude and Preventive measures level of study respondents was found statistically significant in relation to the academic attainment of the respondents.
Conclusion: We recommend implementing mass educational programmes throughout the country in order to raise the awareness and to translate knowledge into sound practice to control dengue disease epidemics in Bangladesh.
SPIRITUALISME DAN PERUBAHAN SOSIAL DALAM AL-QURâ€™AN
Authors: Miskahuddin Miskahuddin 
Published: January 2021

Basically, humans are spiritual beings because it is always driven by the need to ask a fundamental question. Among the fundamental question: why was I born? What is the meaning of my life? What is the purpose of my life? The answer of these questions all are spiritual. In addition, spiritualism needed by humans as he is able to give strength to man when experiencing a disaster or facing an uncertain future. By spiritualism man can penetrate the pain, suffering, tragedy, and predictions about the future is not hopeless

ABSTRAK
Pada dasarnya manusia adalah makhluk spiritual karena selalu terdorong oleh kebutuhan untuk mengajukan pertanyaan mendasar. Pertanyaan mendasar tersebut di antaranya: mengapa saya dilahirkan? Apakah makna hidup saya? Apa tujuan hidup saya? Jawaban dari pertanyaan-pertanyaan ini semuanya bersifat spritual. Di samping itu, spiritualisme dibutuhkan oleh manusia karena ia mampu memberi kekuatan bagi manusia ketika mengalami bencana atau menghadapi masa depan yang tidak menentu. Dengan spiritualisme manusia dapat menembus rasa sakit, sengsara, musibah, dan ramalan-ramalan tentang masa depan tidak berpengharapan.
الشيخ المهايمي (835ه) وتفسيره المُسَمَّي بـ "تَبصيرُ الرَّحمن وتيسيرُ المنَّان ببعض ما يُشيرُ إلى إعجاز القرآن"
Authors: Abu Bakar Syukran 
Published: January 2021

Penafsiran terhadap Al-Qur`an mempunyai peranan besar bagi kemajuan dan perkembangan Islam dan kaum muslimin. Oleh karena itu sangat besar perhatian para ulama dari masa ke masa untuk menggali dan memahami makna-makna yang terkandung dalam kitab suci ini. Pemahaman seseorang terhadap Al-Qur’an berbeda-beda antara seorang mufassir dengan yang lainnya sesuai dengan kemampuan dan kejernihan hati seseorang, sehingga kita mendapatkan penafsiran yang berbeda-beda, ada diantara mufassir hanya membatasi makna dhahir saja tanpa menyelam rahasia-rahasia dibalik makna dhahir, tulisan ini membahas tentang salah seorang Mufassir, Syeikh Ali al-Muhaimi (W 835 H) yang telah menyelami makna kalamullah dari segi dhahir dan batin, beliau menafsirkan Al-Qur’an dengan uslub yang mudah dipahami, mengungkapkan korelasi antara ayat dengan ayat dan surat antar surat, sehingga nampak Al-qur’an ini satu kesatuan yang saling berkaitan tidak dapat dipisahkan, tulisan ini juga membahas tentang: urgensi kitab, biografi dan Metode penafsiran.
Tatacara Pelaksanaan Shalat Berjama’ah Berdasarkan Hadis Nabi
Authors: Syekh A. Karim 
Published: January 2021

Artikel yang diberi judul: “Tatacara Pelaksanaan Shalat Berjama’ah” ini diangkat karena diilhami oleh adanya fenomena yang beragam dan ketidakteraturan shafshaf para makmum dan adanya sebagian makmum yang mendahului gerakangerakan shalat mereka daripada gerakan shalat imam, padahal semua mereka dalam posisi mengikuti imam karena sedang melaksanakan shalat berjama’ah. Fenomena lain yang dapat disaksikan adalah beragamnya gerakan makmum dari satu rukun shalat ke rukun shalat selanjutnya. Misalnya, ada yang mengangkat kedua tangannya sebelum diucapkan takbiratulihram, ada pula yang mengangkat kedua tangannya bersamaan dengan pengucapan takbiratul ihram dan ada pula yang mengangkat kedua tangannya setelah pengucapan takbiratul ihram. Dengan munculnya keberagaman tatacara peribadatan shalat berjama’ah yang seperti ini jika semua jama’ah mampu memahaminya sebagai al-Tanawwu’ fi al-‘Ibadah maka akan terwujudlah sikap tasamuh (toleransi) antar sesama jama’ah. Akan tetapi, jika mereka berpandangan sempit maka akan menimbulkan keretakan ukhuwah islamiyah karena saling mengklaim bahwa pihaknyalah yang benar dan menuduh pihak lain adalah salah, bahkan ada yang menganggap pihak lain sebagai pelaku bid’ah, sesat dan menyesatkan. Untuk meluruskan pemahaman yang keliru pada sebagian masyarakat maka penulisan artikel: “Tatacara Pelaksanaan Shalat Berjama’ah”, yang bersumber dari sunnah Rasulullah SAW dan penjelasan para ulama/fuqaha’ sangat penting diwujudkan dan dipublikasikan kepada masyarakat. Diharapkan agar karya tulis yang sederhana ini dapat menjadi panduan para pembaca dalam melaksanakan shalat berjama’ah.
Halalan Thayyiban Alternatif Qurani Untuk Hidup Sehat
Authors: Nuraini Nuraini 
Published: January 2021

Menyangkut kebutuhan manusia al-Qur’an memberikan perhatian yang serius karena hal ini berhubungan dengan kemaslahatan hidup manusia di muka bumi ini. Kemaslahatan manusia merupakan misi utama al-Qur’an baik di dunia maupun diakhirat kelak. Dalam bentuk apapun ajaran Islam tujuannya adalah agar manusia maslahat di dunia dan di akhirat. Salah satu aspek kemaslahatan tersebut adalah menyangkut kesehatan manusia. Konsep halalan thayyiban merupakan sebuah konsep tentang makanan dan minuman yang harus diamalkan manusia pada umumnya dan ummat Islam pada khususnya. Ruang lingkup makanan dan minuman yang halal sebagai dasar dan asal hukum yang wajib diikuti ummat Islam. Sedangkan makanan dan minuman yang haram adaalah pengecualian. Dengan demikian, pengecualian terhadap makanan dan minuman yang diharamkan dapat dijadikan standar dalam menilai kehalalan sebuah benda. Sedangkan thayyiban (baik) pendekatannya dapat dilakukan secara medis atau uji standar kesehatan. Penegasan al-Quran yang menggunakan kalimat halalan thayyiban, menunjukkan bahwa kedua kata tersebut walaupun didekati dengan pendekatan yang berbeda, namun dalam implementasinya haruslah sekaligus. Dengan kata lain, dalam pemilihan makanan dan minuman harus memperhatikan yang halal dan thayyib. Jika yang halal merupakan kewajiban yang harus diperhatikan maka thayyib juga demikian. Dalam kaedah ushul dikenal dengan kaedah hadits al halal bayyin, ushul ma la yatim al-wajib fa huwa wajib (sesuatu yang menjadi media dalam melaksanakan yang wajib, maka media itu wajib pula). Konsep halalan thayyiban adalah sebuah konsep tentang kesehatan dari aspek makanan dan minuman yang menawarkan konsep kesejahteraan atau kemaslahatan manusia di dunia dan akhirat kelak.
ANALISIS ISI KITAB AL-QURAN AL-KARIM WA BIHAMIȿIHI TURJUMAN AL-MUSTAFID
Authors: Muhammad Ismail 
Published: January 2021

Syekh abdur Rauf al-Singkili menulis kitab tafsir al-Quran al-Karim wa Bihamiȿihi Turjuman al-Mustafid, yang merupakan kitab terjemahan al-Quran pertama yang ditulis dalam bahasa Melayu. Kitab ini menggunakan sistematika mushafi, dengan corak ijmali. Kutipan utama dari kitab ini adalah kitab Anwar AlTanzil wa Asrar Al-Ta’wil, karya ‘Abd Allah bin ‘Umar bin Muhammad bin ‘Aliy Al-Baidhawi al-Syafi’i Al-Syirazi. Selain itu juga mengutip dari Lubab al-Ta’wil fi Ma’ani al- Tanzil yang ditulis oleh Alauddn Abu al-Hasan Ali bin Muhammad bin Ibrahim bin Umar bin Khalil al-Syaihi al-Baghdadi.
HIDAYAH DALAM PANDANGAN AL-QUR'AN
Authors: Suhemi Emi 
Published: January 2021

Menyangkut kebutuhan manusia terhadap hidayah, al-Qur’an memberikan perhatian yang serius, salah satu bentuk perhatian dan tuntunannya terhadap konsep hidayah adalah perintah untuk membacanya dalam setiap rakaat shalat, hidayah secara makna adalah bimbingan dari Allah swt. Dalam menjalani hidup, hidayah adanya memang diberi dan ada pula keharusan untuk mencari serta dipelihara di dalam diri setiap muslim. Hal ini penting, karena satu kemustahilan seseorang selamat sampai ke tujuan apabila tanpa hidayah. Karenanya seseorang harus tahu cara-cara untuk mendapatkan hidayah. Dan seseorang juga harus mengetahui bagaimana cara melestarikan hidayah dalam dirinya.
Thermal Analysis of Solar Air Heater with Ventilator Turbine and Fins
Authors: Safitra Arrad Ghani , Diana Lohdy , Agil Denny Muhammad , Fareza Julfan Hafiz , Arini Nu Rhahida 
Published: January 2021

Solar air heater (SAH) is a renewable energy application for the drying process. SAH has a challenge to produce high performance under uncertain weather. The performance of SAH can be enhanced by providing the absorber plate by adding the fins. This study aims to evaluate the thermal performance of SAH with rectangular fins SAH at low air velocity. This study compares the performance of SAH without fins and SAH with rectangular fins. Two variations of a tilt angle of SAH are 0° and 30° which are observed in this study. The SAH uses a ventilator turbine to suck air into the collector box. The air velocity is 0.01 m/s. The method is experimental. The SAH is tested under real condition from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. The measurement tools consist of a pyranometer, an anemometer, a temperature sensor in the inlet section, 3 sensors in the absorber plate, a sensor in the outlet section, 6 temperature sensors in the drying cabinet. The result showed the thermal efficiency of SAH with rectangular fins is 29.67 % higher than SAH without fins at 0˚ tilt of angle at noon. The thermal efficiency of SAH with rectangular fins is 25.26 % higher than that of without fins at 30˚ tilt of angle at noon.
Potential of Stimuli-Responsive Star Polymer for Cancer Targeting
Authors: Husni Patihul , Ghifari Muhammad Alvien , Putriana Norisca Aliza 
Published: January 2021

Application of stimuli-responsive star polymers in cancer targeting and drug delivery has been extensively researched because of their several advantages in comparison with their linear counterparts. Functionalization and recombination of various arm architectures of the star polymer are very possible to be conducted to suit various needs. The star polymers could not only load more therapeutic drug due to more arms than linear polymers but also be functionalized with targeted moieties for more targeted delivery. Furthermore, the chains in star polymers could be regulated to produce stimuli-responsive star polymer for cancer targeting. The review article aimed to describe the benefits of star polymers and the types of stimuli-responsive delivery system for cancer targeting. Over the last decade, stimuli-responsive star polymers for cancer targeting using either internal stimuli (e.g., pH, redox, enzyme, hypoxia) or external stimuli (e.g., thermal, ultrasound, light, magnetic) has garnered immense interest for researchers. Possibility to mimic a complex natural phenomenon could be achieved by incorporating various stimuli-responsive functionalities in the star polymer.