bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How happenings do (not) turn into events: A typology and an application to the case of 9/11 in the American and Dutch public spheres
Authors: van Dooremalen Thijs 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWhy do some happenings become incentives for cultural or political transformation (that is: turn into events), whereas others remain ordinary occurrences? The theoretical perspectives of cultural repertoires, cleavage structures, and discursive opportunities are prominent and fruitful approaches for explaining cultural or political behavior and attitudes, yet they do not have a satisfactory answer to this question. To fill in this gap, I introduce a typology that indicates how certain happenings merely reproduce existing trends, whereas other ones turn into motives to change them. This can be either because they are “focus events,” which confirm dominant cultural or political patterns, or because they are “shock events,” which form a break from them. I illustrate this typology by investigating the distinct meanings that 9/11 were accorded in the American and Dutch public spheres. This analysis shows that this happening became a “shock event” on the issue of safety in the American case, as it broke with the cultural repertoire of viewing the United States as a safe, militarily impenetrable nation. In contrast, 9/11 turned into a “focus event” concerning the issue of Islam in the Dutch case because it confirmed the discursive opportunities to problematize Muslims, which public actors in the Netherlands had already developed in the years leading up to 2001.
Northern cities and urban–rural migration of university‐qualified labour in Australia and Sweden: Spillovers, sponges, or disconnected city–hinterland geographies?
Authors: Carson Doris Anna , Carson Dean Bradley , Lundström Linus 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article examines the migration flows of university‐qualified labour (UQL) between cities and hinterland regions in the sparsely populated north of both Australia and Sweden. These peripheries have become increasingly urbanised in recent decades and have received substantial investment in urban higher education hubs that are expected to generate skills for their regions. Whether these skills remain within the few urban centres or are redistributed internally to benefit rural and remote locations is not known. The article identifies the extent to which there have been urban–rural ‘spillover’ or ‘sponge’ effects in UQL migration flows within the north and establishes whether there has been a ‘disconnect’ in the regional exchange of UQL. Drawing on recent Australian census and Swedish register data, the results suggest that ‘spillover’ and ‘sponging’ of UQL have been limited, particularly in Northern Australia where cities appeared quite disconnected from their hinterlands. Spillover was more common in Northern Sweden, but cities with universities targeting regional skill needs did not necessarily generate more net‐migration gains for their hinterland. The discussion illustrates why urban–rural human capital relationships in northern peripheries may be more diverse and complex than assumed and flags what policy lessons can be drawn from comparing different northern peripheries.
Repurposing the FDA‐approved anticancer agent ponatinib as a fluconazole potentiator by suppression of multidrug efflux and Pma1 expression in a broad spectrum of yeast species
Authors: Liu Lin , Jiang Tong , Zhou Jia , Mei Yikun , Li Jinyang , Tan Jingcong , Wei Luqi , Li Jingquan , Peng Yibing , Chen Changbin , Liu Ning‐Ning , Wang Hui 
Published: May 2021

SummaryFungal infections have emerged as a major global threat to human health because of the increasing incidence and mortality rates every year. The emergence of drug resistance and limited arsenal of antifungal agents further aggravates the current situation resulting in a growing challenge in medical mycology. Here, we identified that ponatinib, an FDA‐approved antitumour drug, significantly enhanced the activity of the azole fluconazole, the most widely used antifungal drug. Further detailed investigation of ponatinib revealed that its combination with fluconazole displayed broad‐spectrum synergistic interactions against a variety of human fungal pathogens such as Candida albicans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Cryptococcus neoformans. Mechanistic insights into the mode of action unravelled that ponatinib reduced the efflux of fluconazole via Pdr5 and suppressed the expression of the proton pump, Pma1. Taken together, our study identifies ponatinib as a novel antifungal that enhances drug activity of fluconazole against diverse fungal pathogens.
Case report: Secondary sclerosing cholangitis induced by lapatinib and vinorelbine in a metastasis breast cancer patient
Authors: Zhang Zhuo , Xu Ling , Qin Naishan , Zhang Jixin , Xiang Qian , Liu Qian , Cheng Yuanjia , Bai Yuge , Liu Qianxin , Liu Yinhua , Duan Xuening , Cui Yimin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSecondary sclerosing cholangitis (SSC) is a rare cholestatic liver disease that may have a severe clinical course. A 61‐year‐old woman with a history of metastasis breast cancer was admitted to our hospital for the second cycle of chemotherapy with lapatinib and vinorelbine. The patient had no reports of elevated liver function tests (LFTs) in the previous multiple chemotherapies or history of liver disease. However, the admission laboratory results showed severe cholestatic liver injury with the possibility of SSC by magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography. Although chemotherapy was discontinued and patient was treated with hepatoprotective drugs, the LFTs did not improve and liver biopsy indicated mild injury of intrahepatic bile duct epithelium and hepatocyte. We added ursodeoxycholic acid and prednisolone to protect the liver, and laboratory data showed a response. To prevent the progression, lapatinib and vinorelbine were reintroduced and transient increases in alanine aminotransferase and γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase were observed. With no evidence of viral or autoimmune liver disease, SSC induced by lapatinib and vinorelbine was diagnosed. This is the first case report of tyrosine kinase inhibitors and vinorelbine induced SSC and clinicians should be aware of the possibility of it. More case reports about this adverse drug reaction are needed to delineate optimal management.
Ultrathin bronchoscope combined with virtual bronchoscopic navigation and endobronchial ultrasound for the diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary lesions with or without fluoroscopy: A randomized trial
Authors: Zheng Xiaoxuan , Xie Fangfang , Li Ying , Chen Junxiang , Jiang Yifeng , Sun Jiayuan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundTransbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) is usually performed to obtain a definitive diagnosis for peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPLs). Ultrathin bronchoscopy combined with virtual bronchoscopic navigation (VBN) and radial endobronchial ultrasound (R‐EBUS) are generally considered appropriate diagnostic methods for PPLs; however, they have not yet been explored in combination with fluoroscopy. Therefore, the present prospective randomized controlled trial determined the role of fluoroscopy in ultrathin bronchoscopy combined with VBN and R‐EBUS for the diagnosis of PPLs.MethodsPatients with potentially malignant PPLs were enrolled in the study and randomized into fluoroscopy or nonfluoroscopy groups. In both groups, a 3.0‐mm outer and 1.7‐mm internal diameter ultrathin bronchoscope was used for transbronchial lung biopsy combined with R‐EBUS and VBN. In addition, the fluoroscopy group (FG) underwent fluoroscopy, while the nonfluoroscopy group (NFG) did not.ResultsA total of 126 patients were enrolled and randomized in the study. Among them, 120 patients (60 in the NFG and 60 in the FG) were analyzed. The mean lesion sizes were 26.3 ± 11.4 mm and 29.0 ± 11.3 mm in the NFG and FG, respectively. The diagnostic yield was 73.3% (44/60) in the NFG and 81.7% (49/60) in the FG without statistically significant difference (p = 0.38). No obvious complications occurred in either group.ConclusionsUltrathin bronchoscope combined with VBN and R‐EBUS without fluoroscopy is a feasible and safe diagnostic method for PPLs.
Micro‐computed tomography evaluation of dentinal microcracks following canal preparation with thermomechanically heat‐treated engine‐driven files
Authors: Arumugam Sharmini , Yew Hsu Zenn , Baharin Safura Anita , Qamaruz Zaman Jasmina , Muchtar Andanastuti , Kanagasingam Shalini 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate and compare the frequency of microcracks and its severity at different root canal dentin locations, after preparation with thermomechanically heat‐treated engine‐driven nickel‐titanium instruments. Forty mandibular premolars were assigned to four experimental groups (n = 10): ProTaper Next, ProTaper Gold, WaveOne Gold and Reciproc Blue. After pre‐instrumentation micro‐computed tomography scans, the root canals were prepared to size 25. Following post‐instrumentation scans, pre‐ and post‐instrumentation scanned images were analysed for the presence and extent of dentinal defects. A total of 56 500 cross‐sectional images were obtained, showing that less than 2.3% with pre‐existing dentinal microcracks. No new microcracks were identified during the post‐instrumentation analyses. No significant association was found between the types of dentinal defects, file motions and sequences. Thermomechanically heat‐treated rotary files did not induce the formation of new microcracks. There was also no association between the kinematic motions and sequences of the rotary instruments to the types of dentinal defects.
Evolution of the sheep industry and genetic research in the United States: opportunities for convergence in the twenty‐first century
Authors: Thorne J. W. , Murdoch B. M. , Freking B. A. , Redden R. R. , Murphy T. W. , Taylor J. B. , Blackburn H. D. 
Published: May 2021

SummaryThe continuous development and application of technology for genetic improvement is a key element for advancing sheep production in the United States. The US sheep industry has contracted over time but appears to be at a juncture where a greater utilization of technology can facilitate industry expansion to new markets and address inefficiencies in traditional production practices. Significant transformations include the increased value of lamb in relation to wool, and a downtrend in large‐scale operations but a simultaneous rise in small flocks. Additionally, popularity of hair breeds not requiring shearing has surged, particularly in semi‐arid and subtropical US environments. A variety of domestically developed composite breeds and newly established technological approaches are now widely available for the sheep industry to use as it navigates these ongoing transformations. These genetic resources can also address long‐targeted areas of improvement such as growth, reproduction and parasite resistance. Moderate progress in production efficiency has been achieved by producers who have employed estimated breeding values, but widespread adoption of this technology has been limited. Genomic marker panels have recently shown promise for reducing disease susceptibility, identifying parentage and providing a foundation for marker‐assisted selection. As the ovine genome is further explored and genomic assemblies are improved, the sheep research community in the USA can capitalize on new‐found information to develop and apply genetic technologies to improve the production efficiency and profitability of the sheep industry.
Syncope associated with supraventricular tachycardia: Diagnostic role of implantable loop recorders
Authors: Soulaidopoulos Stergios , Arsenos Petros , Doundoulakis Ioannis , Tsiachris Dimitrios , Antoniou Christos‐Konstantinos , Dilaveris Polychronis , Fragakis Nikolaos , Sotiriadou Melani , Sideris Skevos , Kordalis Athanasios , Laina Ageliki , Tousoulis Dimitrios , Tsioufis Konstantinos , Gatzoulis Konstantinos A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSyncope represents a relatively uncommon symptom of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). It is likely that an impaired autonomic vasomotor response to the hemodynamic stress of tachycardia is the determinant of hemodynamic changes leading to cerebral hypoperfusion and syncope. In this regard, tilt‐table test may detect abnormalities in the autonomic nervous function and predict the occurrence of syncope during SVT. Electrophysiology studies may reproduce the SVT, distinguish it from other life‐threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmias, and exclude other causes of syncope. Not infrequently mixed syncope mechanisms are revealed during the above diagnostic workup raising doubts about the operating mechanism in the clinical setting. In such cases of uncertainty, an implantable loop recorder, providing long‐term cardiac monitoring, may play a pivotal role in the establishment of the diagnosis, confirming the association of an arrhythmic event with the symptom. Herein, we present four such cases with recurrent unexplained syncope finally attributed to paroxysmal SVT guiding them to a potentially radical treatment through radiofrequency catheter ablation.
Chronic Achilles tendon rupture: a novel modification of surgical technique described by El Shewy
Authors: Gunaratne Rajitha , Chong Yu Chuan , Heng Yi , Hahn Jayhee , Lek Jeremy , Randazzo Amy , Brankov Boris 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundChronic Achilles tendon rupture is commonly defined as a rupture presenting 6 weeks after the time of injury and operative management is recommended. This research aims to describe a novel modified surgical technique in the repair of chronic Achilles tendon rupture and to report the result of this technique.MethodsThis is a retrospective study performed between January 2007 and January 2017, and a novel modification of El Shewy et al.'s surgical technique is described. Fifteen patients with chronic rupture of Achilles tendon repaired with the technique by a single experienced surgeon were identified. Patients were contacted via phone call and questionnaires completed. Achilles Tendon Rupture Score and pain score were assessed via questionnaires.ResultsThirteen patients were contacted and two patients were uncontactable. Ten patients were able to return to their premorbid level of function. Twelve patients were satisfied or very satisfied with the outcome. Only one patient was very dissatisfied with the outcome. The average Achilles Tendon Rupture score was 72 (n = 7, 54%). The average pain score was 1.23 (n = 13, 100%).ConclusionsThis novel modified surgical technique demonstrated good functional outcomes and high levels of patient satisfaction in patient with chronic Achilles tendon rupture. It can be considered in the repair of chronic Achilles tendon rupture.
Visual perception problems and quality of life in young adults with foetal alcohol spectrum disorders
Authors: Gyllencreutz Emelie , Aring Eva , Landgren Valdemar , Landgren Magnus , Grönlund Marita Andersson 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPurposeTo investigate visual perception problems (VPPs), health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) and vision‐related quality of life (VRQoL) in young adults with foetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) and to compare the results with healthy controls.MethodsThirty young adults with FASD (13 female; mean age 23 years) and 29 controls (20 female; mean age 25 years) participated. Five areas of VPPs were assessed by a structured history‐taking. In the FASD group, VPPs were investigated both in childhood (mean age 8 years) and in early adulthood in a prospective follow‐up. Health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) was investigated with the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ (PedsQL) and VRQoL with the 25‐item Visual Function Questionnaire (VFQ‐25).ResultsVisual perception problems (VPPs) in at least one area were reported by 16/30 FASD participants (53%) and 1/29 controls (3%) (p = 0.0001, Fisher’s exact test), with a similar rate in the same individuals in childhood as in early adulthood (8/27 and 15/27, respectively p = 0.09, McNemar’s test). PedsQL total score was lower in the FASD group (n = 20; median: 83; 95% confidence interval (CI) 76–88) compared with controls (n = 29; median: 91; 95% CI 90–95; p = 0.0001, Mann–Whitney U‐test). VFQ‐25 subscale general vision indicated lower VRQoL in the young adults with FASD (n = 19; median: 80; 95% CI 80–100) compared with controls (n = 29; median: 100; 95% CI 100–100; p = 0.003).ConclusionYoung adults with FASD in the present study had more VPPs and worse VRQoL and HRQoL than healthy controls. In the FASD group, VPPs were reported in childhood as well as in early adulthood.
Positive functioning at work during COVID‐19: Posttraumatic growth, resilience, and emotional exhaustion in Chinese frontline healthcare workers
Authors: Lyu Yizhi , Yu Yongju , Chen Shuquan , Lu Shuang , Ni Shiguang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractResearch on traumatic events often emphasizes the importance of posttraumatic growth (PTG) and resilience, yet few studies have explored their trends and their relationship throughout the progression of traumatic events. This paper explores the longitudinal relationship between resilience and PTG, as well as the role of job burnout in this relationship, among frontline healthcare workers during the COVID‐19 pandemic, who have been exposed to high‐risk work environments over extraordinarily long workdays. In Study 1, 134 Chinese frontline healthcare workers completed a three‐wave survey (Time 1, Time 2, and Time 3) in February–May 2020. In Study 2, 401 frontline healthcare workers completed a cross‐sectional survey. The cross‐lagged analysis suggested that resilience at Time 1 positively predicted PTG at Time 2, which in turn positively predicted resilience at Time 3. PTG at Time 1 also positively predicted resilience at Time 2 (Study 1). However, job burnout was negatively related to both resilience and PTG; in particular, emotional exhaustion moderated the link between PTG and resilience (Study 2). Our findings support a cycle of reinforcement between resilience and PTG over time. The positive effect of PTG on resilience, however, is undermined by emotional exhaustion. Implications for future intervention research and workplace support are discussed.
The mechanised testing and sequential wear‐analysis of replica Bronze Age palstave blades
Authors: Andrews Miriam , Polcar Tomas , Sofaer Joanna , Pike Alistair W. G. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThere have been few attempts to conduct highly controlled laboratory experiments to isolate how wear propagates on metal artefacts with differing metallurgy during simulated use. This reflects a lack of appreciation for the underlying structure of materials within the production of reference datasets for metalwork wear analysis. Here, we present the use of a drop tower (Instron CEAST 9350) to reconstruct use on replica Bronze Age palstave axes with archaeologically relevant microstructures. The development, form, and properties of surface wear at the cutting edge were sequentially analysed by low‐power microscopy (digital), high‐power microscopy (Scanning Electron Microscope), and microhardness indentation. Major deformations of the blade were documented by photography. This intensive approach reveals the impact of abrasive wear associated with sharpening and use, as well as the frequency and morphology of larger deformations generated by repeated impact—all of which, we demonstrate, can be overtly modified by subtle differences in metallurgy.
Making implicit CSR explicit? Considering the continuity of Japanese “micro moral unity”
Authors: Horiguchi Shinji 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWhile there are many studies that address how well Japanese companies have adopted explicit CSR practices, our understanding of their own views on such practices is still limited, particularly of the difference in their views before and after the process of making implicit CSR explicit. The present research thus aims to address this apparent change by providing comparative case studies of two Japanese companies selected from two different time periods. The findings indicate there is a continuity observable in the mindset of these companies not a change. This contradicts existing literature and suggests that the process of making CSR explicit has not been accompanied by any real change in their mindset. The result shows that ethically questionable practices have been going on behind the explicitly articulated CSR policies and implies the difficulties of delegating the power to address societal issues to business organisations. This is important particularly now when the expectations of the public regarding the responsibilities of business towards society are on the rise.
Late survival of woodland contrasts with rapid limnological changes following settlement at Kalmanstjörn, Mývatnssveit, northeast Iceland
Authors: Hiles William , Lawson Ian T. , Roucoux Katherine H. , Streeter Richard T. 
Published: May 2021

The settlement of Iceland is known to have had profound impacts on vegetation and landscape stability, but there remain uncertainties around the spatial variability and timing of environmental change, and the impacts of settlement on aquatic ecosystems. Here a new multiproxy palaeoenvironmental reconstruction spanning the last 3000 years is presented from Kalmanstjörn, a small lake in Mývatnssveit, northeast Iceland. Sedimentology, pollen and non‐pollen palynomorphs, and geochemical proxies, dated using tephrochronology, are used to reconstruct terrestrial vegetation, landscape stability and aquatic ecosystems. The data reveal complex environmental dynamics after settlement. At this site, substantial tree populations persisted until the late 15th century, in strong contrast to the rapid deforestation shown by almost all other records from Iceland. The eventual loss of woodland may have been caused by changes in direct human activity and the location of extensive grazing, in combination with Little Ice Age climatic cooling. The loss of woodland was accompanied by increased soil erosion. Conversely, the lake ecosystem showed an immediate response to settlement, becoming more productive for several centuries, perhaps in response to increased availability of nutrients from grazing herbivores. The late persistence of woodland in the Kalmanstjörn record adds to our understanding of the spatial variations in ecosystem responses to settlement in Iceland, while the evidence for decoupling of the aquatic and terrestrial systems suggests that palaeolimnological reconstructions focusing on aquatic ecosystem responses may be important new sources of information on the wider ecological consequences of human settlement.