bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Construction of low-cost 3D scanner using triangulation and Screened Poisson Surface Reconstruction techniques
Authors: Saptaji K , Faizul M , Fakhri A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The application of 3D scanner technology among industrial practitioner in Indonesia and Malaysia is still at the beginning stage. Compared to others, this technology has already been adapted mostly by growing country such as China, Korea, US, Germany and Italy. This technology can be seen implemented in manufacturing, aerospace, medical and dentistry industries. The concept of 3D scanner technology is mainly to improve the reverse engineering process. Due to the high cost of 3D scanner machine available in the market, therefore a reasonable cost-effective 3D scanner is needed to be developed especially for education purposes. The objective of this project is to develop low-cost 3D scanning setup to create a mesh of a small-scale object with the help of open-sources software for 3D scanning and 3D mesh processing. Triangulation technique was used for the scanning process to capture the object surface. Screened Poisson Surface Reconstruction techniques was applied to improve the uncomplete and uneven surface mesh. In order to test the setup, 3D scanning was conducted on 4 different objects with different colours and surface finish. The scanning results show that the proposed method produced a good 3D mesh with less noise and less uncomplete surface.
Mini incinerator water treatment plant (IPAL) innovation
Authors: Jumhur A A , Syaefudin E A , Avianti R A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
To reduce the landfill load against the accumulation of waste, incineration can be one solution, but in the process of combustion of trash, it causes an adverse impact in the form of air pollution. The purpose of this study is to treat wastewater using a filter on the incinerator. Wastewater treatment utilized is a filtration process using filtering media in the form of zeolite and activated carbon. It is expected that the addition of the filter can reduce the content of harmful particles in the incinerator combustion water. The design method used is the design method VDI 2221. The results of the study are (1) Design of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) on a mini incinerator by selecting the 4th variation on the grounds that the test results show that the 4th variation is the most optimal, (2) The results of the combustion wastewater test results on the incinerator, there are 3 items still above the threshold are BOD, COD and TSS.
Construction of vibration monitoring system based on Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) for machining process
Authors: Azmi F N , Saptaji K , Fikri M R 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
At present, the wired vibration sensor monitoring system for rotating machinery has been successfully implemented in the modern industry. Regardless of its advantages such as real-time transmission and the fast response, the complex configuration can cause a problem such as tucked cables and higher cost as it is employed in large equipment. Therefore, in this current study, the vibration monitoring system based on Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is developed. The new monitoring system proposed in this study involves the utilization of the Xbee module, Raspberry Pi, Arduino UNO, and Grove vibration sensor. Three parameters which are the indoor range, cost optimization, and the capability to connect to the internet are the main considerations to build the system. In order to validate the proposed vibration monitoring system based on WSN, milling experiment was conducted. From the vibration sensor being installed in the milling machine, it can be observed that the system is adequate to accomplish vibration data through wireless connection with the distance about 3 meters. By real time investigation of the vibration data, the system able to recognize any error in the milling process. Therefore, the system capable to prevent failure in the machining process specifically in the milling process.
Surface quality improvement of milled Aluminum-6061 using magnetic abrasive deburring
Authors: Rahma M A , Satrial A , Saptaji K , Asmelash M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The milling process commonly used in manufacturing industry requires good surface finish and high surface quality. The occurrence of burrs formed by plastic deformation in milling operations is regarded as one of the major problems. The milling process especially for ductile materials such as aluminium alloys increases the occurrence of burr which will deteriorate the surface quality. In order to improve the surface finish and surface quality, several finishing and deburring methods can be applied. One of the methods is magnetic abrasive deburring. The magnetic abrasive deburring is a method utilizing magnetic force and abrasive particles. In this study, the effect of abrasives particle compositions in the magnetic abrasive deburring for end-milled slots on Aluminum-6061 alloy are observed. The slots milling experiment was conducted by using semi-CNC milling machine. The slots are subsequently deburred using the mixture of abrasive particle, carbonyl iron, and medium fluid of polypropylene glycol attached to a magnetic rod. The observation aims to find the high surface quality and optimum composition for the mixture. Visual surface analysis shows the optimum compositions of the abrasive mixture are 45% abrasive particles and the carbonyl iron mixture with 55% composed of the medium fluid.
Experimental study of two-stage vertical axis hydrofoil water turbine NACA 64-212 with variation of blades number
Authors: Fadlil M F , Fahruddin A , Akbar A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Efforts to utilize the potential energy sources of water flow for electricity generation generally using water turbines. One of them is the hydrofoil turbine which can work without any water head, by utilizing the speed of the river flow. This study aims to determine the power and efficiency generated by a prototype hydrofoil water turbine with a multi-stage installation. This experiment used a hydrofoil turbine with NACA 64-212 standard with variations in the number of blades: 4, 5, and 6 blades on the second stage. The experimental results show that the highest total power is 2.5 Watt at the number of blades 6 at a water discharge of 0.057 m3/s. While the greatest efficiency produced was 7.47% with the number of blades 6 at a water discharge of 0.036 m3/s.
Effect of preheating on the hardness and microstructure in Shielded Metal Arc Weldments of A283 B
Authors: Akbar A , Mulyadi M , Wiyono N H 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of heating on the welding process of SMAW (Shielded Metal Arc Welding) in terms of hardness and microstructure of welded metal. Much welding has been done by preheating but below the temperature used below the initial martensitic temperature which reaches 452° C, this data is sourced from research by S. Zheng et.al and Y. Huang et.al. For this reason, an experiment was carried out with heat temperatures above a martensitic temperature of 500° C. The results show that in the Weld Metal area the pearlite structure appears larger, the effect of current strength on HAZ width is directly proportional, the greater the current strength, the wider HAZ, and hardness are affected by the rough grains of martensite.
Comparative study on the high-temperature oxidation resistance of porous and solid TiNi-based alloys
Authors: Marchenko Ekaterina , Baigonakova Gulsharat , Dubovikov Kirill , Yasenchuk Yuri , Chekalkin Timofey , Obrosov Aleksei 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The present work aims to characterize the surface features of solid and porous (sintered and SHS) TiNi-based alloys subjected to oxidation at 1000 °C in static air in the context of their resistance to high-temperature atmospheric attack. Clear differences between the intact and oxidated surfaces indicate the complexity of a chemicothermal diffusion process evolving therein. Microscopic and XRD studies showed that the dominant superficial constituent in all oxidated samples is titanium dioxide in the rutile modification. The phase and structural properties of the surface layers suggest that porous sintered and solid alloys are most susceptible to high-temperature corrosion due to bare reactive surfaces, which negatively affects their overall biocompatibility. Surface morphology analysis revealed microporous and loose superficial layers having a thickness of 8–10 and 50–60 μm, respectively in the solid and sintered alloy. Also, these alloys showed a high content of leaching NiO and free Ni within the surface layer. Conversely, a thin (0.5–0.6 μm), dense, and multifarious layer of oxycarbonitrides Ti4Ni2(O,N,C) concealing the porous SHS-TiNi matrix inhibits the negative effect of high-temperature oxidation.
A practical method for incorporation of Fe (III) in Titania matrix for photocatalytic applications
Authors: Khalid Awais , Ahmad Pervaiz , Alharth Abdulrahman I , Muhammad Saleh , Khandaker Mayeen Uddin , Faruque Mohammad Rashed Iqbal , Din Israf Ud , Alotaibi Mshari A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The unprecedented catalytic role of Iron (III) nitrate nonahydrate (Fe (NO3)3·9H2O) has been explored in a top-down technique for the synthesis and Iron (III) doping of Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs). In the experimental procedure, the chosen 1:1 ratio of Fe (NO3)3·9H2O and TiO2 bulk powder is allowed to work hydrothermally in top-down synthesis and Fe-doping of (TiO2) nanoparticles. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) shows the particle structure or morphology of the Fe-doped TiO2-NPs. Raman and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is used to study the composition and iron-content at the surface of the synthesized nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern has several peaks for α-Fe2O3 corresponds to Iron doping in the synthesized nanoparticles of (TiO2). The current technique provides a practical method for maximum yield and high quality of Fe-doped TiO2 nanoparticles for its potential photovoltaic and photocatalytic applications in modern technologies.
Molten salt electrodeposition of aluminum on mild steel: effect of process parameters on surface morphology and corrosion properties
Authors: Izadpanah S Motahareh , Aboutalebi M Reza , Adeli Mandana 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The electrodeposition of aluminum on mild steel in a molten salt electrolyte consisting of a mixture of AlCl3/NaCl/KCl (weight percent ratio of 80:10:10) was studied. Parametric studies were carried out to evaluate the effect of different parameters such as current density, electrolysis time, and intermediate coating layer on the coating morphology and coating-to-substrate adhesion. The quality and morphology of the coating were investigated using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and x-ray map analyses. The effect of heat treatment of the coated samples on the interface stability and formation of intermetallic compounds at the Al-Fe interface was also investigated. Cross-sectional examination by SEM as well as energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) line scan showed that upon annealing at temperatures in the range of 350 °C–550 °C, brittle Fe-Al intermetallic layers were formed at the interface. This shows that high-temperature service conditions can adversely affect the coating properties. The apparent activation energy of the formation of such intermetallic layers was calculated based on thickness measurements on these layers. The optimum conditions for electroplating were determined as current density of 0.022 A.cm−2 and electroplating time of 60 min. Potentiodynamic polarization tests were used to evaluate the corrosion resistance of the samples in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. Considering the corrosion rate of coated samples which is much lower than the bare substrate, it was concluded that the electrodeposited coatings could efficiently protect the steel substrate against corrosion in corrosive media.
NO2 exposure and lung function decline in a cohort of adults in Mysore, India
Authors: Nori-Sarma Amruta , Thimmulappa Rajesh , Venkataraman G V , Warren Joshua L , Berman Jesse D , Whittaker Steve D , Kulick Erin R , Wellenius Gregory A , P A Mahesh , Bell Michelle L 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Increasing air pollution in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) may be contributing to worsening respiratory health, yet to date most relevant studies have been conducted in industrialized nations. Particularly, there are few studies for India, the world’s second most populated country, and on this country’s poorest populations, who may be at the highest risk. We investigated the influence of long-term nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure at residential location on lung function decline over a 5-year period in a cohort of low-income adults in Mysore, Karnataka, India. In 2012–2014 and in 2017–2018, we conducted standardized interviews and performed in-home field spirometry before and after bronchodilation. We estimated annual average NO2 in 2017 based on interpolation of seasonal air pollution sampling and used linear mixed effects models with a person-specific random effect to estimate NO2 versus lung function cross-sectionally at baseline and longitudinally, adjusting for potential confounders (age at baseline, sex, smoking status, and long-term seasonality). Among healthy participants (with no COPD or asthma based on lung function tests), NO2 levels were associated with a decline in lung function pre- and post-bronchodilation (−21.7 ml [95% CI: −42.1, −1.3] for FEV1 and −22.2 ml [95% CI: −46.8, 2.3] for FVC pre-bronchodilation, −25.2 ml [95% CI: −48.4, −4.1] for FEV1 and −26.6 ml [95% CI: −51.1, −2.2] for FVC post-bronchodilation) per interquartile range (10 ppb) increase in NO2. Longitudinal impacts of air pollution on lung function were not statistically significant. Results suggest that air pollution exposure is associated with worse lung function among apparently healthy individuals among urban poor communities in India. Future studies should further characterize time-varying air pollution exposures and collect further longitudinal health data in these understudied communities.
Electro-thermo-mechanical modelling of automotive exhaust sensors
Authors: d’Apolito Luigi , Hong Hanchi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The development of automotive exhaust sensors is generally based on a time and resources consuming empirical approach. Building numerical models to study the behavior of the sensors is therefore an important key to reduce the development time and improve sensor quality. Zirconia sensor accuracy and response are dependent from temperature, so temperature is generally controlled in the desired range through a heating element. In the present study an electro-thermo-mechanical model of a heated zirconia oxygen sensor with planar structure has been provided. The numerical model has been used as a tool to study and compare different geometries of heaters. Several heater configurations have been modelled and compared in terms of: temperature rise in different points on the surface of the sensor both on the electrode side and heater side, average and maximum temperature, thermal stress and time for the sensor to be considered functional. The improved heater provided a lower peak temperature, but higher average temperature, more uniform temperature distribution, lower thermal stress and lower time than the base heater to reach the prescribed operational conditions.
Austria
Authors: Perscha Alice , Frimston Richard 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The Republic of Austria is a federal republic, divided into nine states (‘Bundesländer’), which have legislative competences of their own. The judiciary is considered to be the third pillar of the Austrian constitutional system, together with legislation and administration; the doctrine of a separation of powers, judiciary, and administration (executive) means that they are separated in all instances. Austria is a civil law country; its legal system is based on Roman law.
A Panpsychist Dead End
Authors: Nagasawa Yujin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPanpsychism has received much attention in the philosophy of mind in recent years. So-called constitutive Russellian panpsychism, in particular, is considered by many the most promising panpsychist approach to the hard problem of consciousness. In this paper, however, I develop a new challenge to this approach. I argue that the three elements of constitutive Russellian panpsychism—that is, the constitutive element, the Russellian element and the panpsychist element—jointly entail a ‘cognitive dead end’. That is, even if constitutive Russellian panpsychism is true, we cannot ascertain how it might solve the hard problem of consciousness.
High-dimensional log-error-in-variable regression with applications to microbial compositional data analysis
Authors: Shi Pixu , Zhou Yuchen , Zhang Anru R 
Published: March 2021

Summary
In microbiome and genomic studies, the regression of compositional data has been a crucial tool for identifying microbial taxa or genes that are associated with clinical phenotypes. To account for the variation in sequencing depth, the classic log-contrast model is often used where read counts are normalized into compositions. However, zero read counts and the randomness in covariates remain critical issues. We introduce a surprisingly simple, interpretable and efficient method for the estimation of compositional data regression through the lens of a novel high-dimensional log-error-in-variable regression model. The proposed method provides corrections on sequencing data with possible overdispersion and simultaneously avoids any subjective imputation of zero read counts. We provide theoretical justifications with matching upper and lower bounds for the estimation error. The merit of the procedure is illustrated through real data analysis and simulation studies.
Is Dengue Vaccine Protection Possible?
Authors: Halstead Scott B 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In tropical and subtropical countries, 4 dengue viruses (DENVs) produce mild disease and a potentially fatal vascular permeability syndrome. Unique antigenic and biological properties of DENVs contribute to vaccine development delays. Three tissue culture–based tetravalent candidate dengue vaccines have advanced to phase 3 clinical testing. Sanofi-Pasteur’s chimeric yellow fever tetravalent dengue vaccine, Dengvaxia, licensed in 19 dengue-endemic countries, Europe, and the United States, partially protects seropositives but sensitizes some seronegatives to severe hospitalized dengue. During 2 years of phase 3, Takeda’s TAK-003, a chimeric DENV 2 tetravalent vaccine, protected against DENV 2 but was less protective against other DENVs. In seronegative adults, 1 dose of a tetravalent nonstructural deletion mutant vaccine in late phase developed by the US National Institutes of Health protected seronegative humans against challenge with DENVs 2 and 3. This experience suggests nearly whole DENV genomes are required to achieve balanced and sustained protective immunity.
Method-Specific Cortisol and Dexamethasone Thresholds Increase Clinical Specificity of the Dexamethasone Suppression Test for Cushing Syndrome
Authors: Vogg Nora , Kurlbaum Max , Deutschbein Timo , Gräsl Benedict , Fassnacht Martin , Kroiss Matthias 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
The dexamethasone suppression test (DST) is the recommended first-tier test for suspected Cushing syndrome (CS). Missed dexamethasone intake or insufficient dexamethasone serum exposure may yield false positive results. Quantification of serum dexamethasone in DST samples may therefore improve test performance.

Methods
Simultaneous quantification of dexamethasone and cortisol by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in 400 DST serum samples (100 overt CS, 200 excluded CS, 100 adrenal incidentalomas with (possible) autonomous cortisol secretion, AI-ACS) randomly selected within the indication groups. The 2.5th percentile of dexamethasone in patients with excluded CS was considered the lower limit of normal (LLN).

Results
Serum dexamethasone varied from undetectable to 20.2 ng/mL with a median of 4.8 ng/mL (95% CI 4.5-5.1 ng/mL). Dexamethasone was undetectable in only 16 patients (4%), suggesting non-compliance. The dexamethasone LLN was 1.8 ng/mL (4.6 nmol/L). Decreased glomerular filtration rate and diabetes mellitus were associated with higher serum dexamethasone concentration, while body mass index, sex, age, nicotine, and oral contraceptives had no significant effect. By excluding the 27 samples with dexamethasone &lt;LLN and applying the method-specific cortisol cutoff of 2.4 µg/dL (66 nmol/L) to samples with suspected CS, the clinical specificity for CS increased from 67.5% to 92.4% while preserving 100% clinical sensitivity. Among 100 AI-ACS samples (defined by immunoassay), 4 samples had dexamethasone &lt;1.8 ng/mL and 14 samples had cortisol &lt;2.4 µg/dL, which excluded autonomous cortisol secretion.

Conclusions
Quantification of dexamethasone and method-specific cortisol cutoffs in DST samples may reduce the false positive rate and lower the proportion of patients requiring further workup.
The environmental context of inducible HSP70 expression in Eastern Brook Trout
Authors: Nguyen Bao V , O’Donnell Brigid , Villamagna Amy M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Much research has focused on the population-level effects of climate change on Eastern Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). While some studies have considered here sub-lethal stress caused by warming waters, the role of multiple, interacting stressors remains largely unexplored. We used inducible heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) as a molecular biomarker to assess in situ response of Eastern Brook Trout in headwater streams to multiple potential stressors, including temperature. Over 7 sampling events during 2018 and 2019, we sampled 141 fish and found that HSP70 expression and 3-day mean water temperature exhibited a quadratic relationship (R2-adj = 0.68). Further analyses showed that HSP70 expression was explained by temperature, relative water level and their interaction (R2-adj = 0.75), while fish size and capture location were not factors. We observed a significant increase in HSP70 expression during periods of low relative water level with warm temperatures (~18°C) and also during high relative water level with cold temperatures (~8°C). Our results suggest that temperatures at the edges of the preferred range coupled with relative water level might act together to trigger the cellular stress response in Eastern Brook Trout and that there is greater variation in response at colder temperatures. These findings reinforce the need to consider complex, interactive stressors in influencing the health and persistence of Eastern Brook Trout populations into the future.