bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Penerapan Model Think-Pair and Share dalam Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar PAK pada Siswa SMP
Authors: Parhusip Bongsu , Hutahaean Hasahatan , Theresia Elda 
Published: January 2021

Write This research is a Classroom Action Research (CAR) which aims to see the results of PAK learning through the application of the Think-Pair-Share Technique Cooperative Learning Model Application. The subjects of this study were students of class VIII SMP Parulian 3 Medan with 30 students as respondents. The subject of study is Life of Gratitude. The research instrument was a test given to students as many as 11 questions for the first cycle and 15 questions in the second cycle. Each cycle is carried out with different materials according to the learning limits at school. Each cycle consists of a planning stage, an action stage, an observation stage, and a reflection stage. In the first cycle, there was an increase in student PAK learning outcomes, namely 46.39% with the incomplete assessment category. Whereas in cycle II, there was also an increase in student PAK learning outcomes, namely 84.88% with the complete assessment category. This means that the application of Think-Pair-Share Learning can improve SMP students' PAK learning outcomes. AbstrakPenelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) yang bertujuan melihat hasil belajar PAK melalui Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Think-Pair and Share. Subjek penelitian ini siswa kelas VIII SMP Parulian 3 Medan dengan jumlah responden 30 siswa. Adapun subjek belajar adalah Hidup Bersyukur. Instrumen penelitian ini adalah test yang diberikan kepada siswa sebanyak 11 soal untuk siklus I dan 15 soal pada siklus II. Setiap siklus dilaksanakan dengan materi yang berbeda sesuai dengan batas pelajaran di sekolah. Setiap siklus terdiri dari tahap perencanaan, tahap tindakan, tahap pengamatan, dan tahap refleksi. Pada siklus I, terdapat peningkatan hasil belajar PAK siswa yakni 46,39% dengan kategori penilaian belum tuntas. Sedangkan pada siklus II, juga terdapat peningkatan hasil belajar PAK siswa yakni 84,88% dengan kategori penilaian tuntas. Ini berarti penerapan Pembelajaran Tipe Think-Pair and Share dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar PAK siswa SMP.
POR UMA GEOGRAFIA VIVENCIADA:
Authors: Rodrigues Bezerra Israel , Gomes de Alencar Francisco Amaro , Gadelha de Oliveira Daniel 
Published: January 2021

Este texto tem como objetivo apresentar uma concepção de práticas de campo e sua função na formação de professores de Geografia. A história dos cursos de formação de professores, junto com as bases legais que regem o currículo e o sistema de ensino superior demonstra a existência de uma relação integrada entre os momentos de campo e o processo de formação de geógrafos que atuarão em sala de aula. A identificação desta relação propicia um caminho de construção da sistematização das práticas de campo para que seja gerada uma concepção fundamentada teórico-metodologicamente. Os momentos de constituição das práticas de campo, planejamento, execução e avaliação integram os processos de aula e trabalho. A compreensão é gerada a partir do entendimento do sistema de relações estabelecido. O campo oferece na formação de professores de Geografia dinamicidade, integração universidade- sociedade e riqueza no ensino e aprendizagem através dos momentos do desvendar-mundo pela ótica da ciência geográfica.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE
Formação de professores, Práticas de campo, Método de pesquisa em Geografia, Ensino de Geografia.

FOR A GEOGRAPHY EXPERIENCED: the importance of field practices in the training of professors of Geography

This text aims to present a conception of field practices and their role in the training of professors of Geography. The history of professors training courses, along with the legal bases governing the curriculum and the higher education system demonstrates the existence of an integrated relationship between the moments of field and the process of training geographers who will act in the classroom. The identification of this relationship provides a way to build the systematization of field practices, so that a theorical and methodologically based conception can be generated. The moments of constitution of the field practices, planning, execution and evaluation integrate the processes of class and work. The understanding is generated from the understanding of the system of relationships established. The field offers in the training of professors of Geography dynamics, integration university-society and richness in teaching and learning through the moments of the unravel- world from the perspective of geographical science.
KEYWORDS
Training of professors, Field practices, Method research in Geography, Geography teaching.
Coming Back to the Problem of the Causes of the Great War of the ХХ-th Century
Authors: Klymenko Y. , Potiekhin O. 
Published: January 2021

At the beginning of the twentieth century, among the European ruling elites, military circles and imperial non-governmental organizations, the force-based approach to the resolution of international conflicts dominated. The emphasis was on the irreconcilable struggle for the so-called “national interests”, the need to change the world for the better, the undoubted advantage of interstate competition over cooperation and the use of force, primarily military. The unconditional priority of the state was the ability to mobilize national resources to protect its “interests”.
The Great War to realize geopolitical dreams was a waste of available resources. Its initiators, primarily Germany, were guided by ideological rather than pragmatic considerations, and obtained results that directly contradicted the calculations of their grand strategies. Among the reasons for the war there were no rational ones that solved basic economic, security, social or any other problems. But there were those, who made money in preparation for the war.
The decisive factor that triggered the war was the adherence to myths: about exaggerated or fictitious “national grievances”; “the discrepancy between the obtained share of colonial seizures and the weight in the world economy and politics”; “insignificant nations, incapable of contributing to civilizational progress, their destructive nationalism”; “cultural superiority, which, if necessary, must be extended by force”; “windows of vulnerability that should be closed immediately”; “the call of blood, will and fate”, etc.
The origins of war are to be found in the views of the rulers, representatives or servants of the old regimes of the dynastic aristocracy. The ruling imperial class was in crisis, it was threatened by social and national upheavals, which is why it was inclined to seek salvation in a victorious war at a “low cost”. But how did the parties to the conflict hope for a quick victory? Indeed, regardless of the type of regime – an absolute or constitutional monarchy, a democratic or an authoritarian state – too often their top leadership was deeply mistaken, in particular in such matters as entering the war, choosing allies and forms, methods and degree of interaction with them.
Note that the war in Europe could have happened earlier, because the states constantly threatened each other, and repeated attempts to eliminate the threat of aggression blew up international stability. The efforts of European leaders were not aimed at creating sustainable military capabilities of the allies united by a common strategy to achieve agreed goals. But diplomatic games prevailed: the sides bluffed, tried to play trump cards, which they actually did not have. As a result of the Great War, four empires collapsed: the Austro-Hungarian, Russian, German and Ottoman and the explosion of two of the largest totalitarian revolutions in Europe in the XX-th century – Russian (Bolshevik) and German (Nazi).
IS DISTANCE e-LEARNING OPTION ACCEPTABLE BY NIGERIANS AMIDST COVID-19 PANDEMIC?
Authors: Hassan Zubaida , Sa’id Aisha Shitu , Mohammed Hassan Adamu 
Published: January 2021

Purpose: In Nigeria, the current COVID-19 Pandemic stands-still virtually all formal learning activities, especially in Government owned institutions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the perception and readiness of Nigerians on adapting Distance e-Learning option during and even after the COVID-19 Pandemic.
Methodology: The study applied a quantitative cross-sectional design approach. A closed-ended e-questionnaire was designed using google form and distributed in a snowball fashion-wise via online platforms. Three categories of the audience were targeted: teachers, students and parents. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze responses. ANOVA was used to analyze the collective decision across the three categories.
Findings: The findings revealed that there is no difference amongst the three groups in their final decisions on willingness to adapt (F (0.187), p-value 0.83), and kick-start distance learning (F (0.469), p-value 0.63). Poor internet infrastructure and unstable electricity supply were some of the challenges identified.
Unique contribution to Theory, Practice, and Policy: The study highlights the willingness of Nigerians in adapting distance e-learning approach as a viable alternative to traditional face-face learning amidst COVID-19 Pandemic and beyond. Administrative involvements are crucial to actualizing this educational dream of Nigerians.
Correlates of Health Literacy among Filipinos aged 50-70 years old Belonging to Low-Income Families in a Selected Community
Authors: Agosto Hygeia Grace C. , Briones Marla Vina A. , Palatino Maylin C. 
Published: January 2021

Objective. A number of studies worldwide have shown that health literacy is vital in the improvement of health status of individuals as well as in the effective implementation of health programs. In the Philippines, however, data regarding the level of health literacy among Filipino adults are yet to be gathered. This study then aimed to describe the health literacy level and to determine the correlates of health literacy among Filipino adults aged 50 to 70 years old belonging to the lower socioeconomic class in a selected community.
Methods. An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted, utilizing data from the study of Briones, M. et. al in 2015, among selected Filipino adults in a barangay in Pasig City.
Results. Ninety-four percent of the study participants had problematic/inadequate health literacy level. The factors found to be statistically associated with having problematic / inadequate health literacy were having at most high school level education, and not being able to visit a medical doctor in the past 12 months. Nonetheless, being self-employed made an individual less likely to have a problematic/inadequate health literacy.
Conclusions. There was a high proportion of individuals who had problematic/inadequate health literacy among 50 to 70 years old in the study area. Socio-economic characteristics such as educational attainment and healthcare access were shown to be associated with an individual’s level of health literacy. Despite the extensive health information available to the public, the level of health literacy still remained to be poor. This indicates that there is a need to evaluate if said information are easily accessed, understood, appraised and applied by individuals to make sound health decisions.
Isolation and Characterization of Pectin from the Ripe Fruit Peels of Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.)
Authors: Arollado Erna C. , Ponsaran Kerstin Mariae G. , Loquias Monet M. 
Published: January 2021

Background and Objective. Pectin is a complex polysaccharide which is commonly used as a gelling agent for food preparations and pharmaceutical formulations. Currently, the Philippines imports 100% of its pectin requirement from other countries which adds to the cost of products that utilizes pectin. Hence, the aim of this study was to isolate and characterize pectin from ripe jackfruit peels.
Materials and Methods. Peels of ripe jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) were subjected to digestion with water and sulfuric acid at 90°C then purified using alcohol and acetone. The isolated material from the peels was subjected to pectin identification tests using the methods from the US Pharmacopeia (USP). To further characterize the isolate, the methoxy and anhydrouronic acid contents, degree of esterification, functional groups (through FT-IR), ash content, and swelling index were determined.
Results. Ripe jackfruit peels yielded 5.74% of brown-colored pectin which was verified using the US Pharmacopeia identification tests for pectin. The methoxy and anhydrouronic acid contents were found to be 4.05% and 1.77%, respectively, with results comparable with the standard pectin (p<0.05). The peel’s pectin has a degree of esterification of 26.34, 1.77% ash content, and swelling index of 9.09. FT-IR analysis of isolated pectin revealed functional groups identical to that of the standard pectin.
Conclusion. Pectin from the ripe jackfruit peels is reported to be a potential source of pharmaceutical grade pectin. However, the AUA content and methoxy content of the isolated pectin did not meet the USP specification. Thus, the authors recommend that future investigators must optimize the isolation procedure to obtain pectin which meets the specification of USP.
Levodopa+carbidopa in X-linked Dystonia Parkinsonism (XDP/DYT3/Lubag): A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial
Authors: Jamora Roland Dominic G. , Teleg Rosalia A. , Cordero Cynthia P. , Villareal-Jordan Rodelyn F. , Lee Lillian V. , Pasco Paul Matthew D. 
Published: January 2021

Objective. X-linked dystonia parkinsonism (XDP) is an adult-onset, progressive and debilitating movement disorder described among Filipino males from Panay Island. The available oral medications have been ineffective. While chemodenervation with botulinum toxin A works and deep brain stimulation surgery is promising, these are not affordable for the vast majority of patients. Thus, we decided to look into the efficacy, safety and tolerability of levodopa+carbidopa (levodopa) versus placebo among patients with XDP.
Methods. This was a double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Patients were randomized to receive levodopa or placebo for 6 months. The dose was increased gradually until 1000 mg levodopa/day is reached or until side effects appear.
Results. A total of 86 out of 94 randomized patients (91.5%) were included in the intention-to-treat cohort for the primary efficacy analysis. Nineteen patients (9 in levodopa, 10 in placebo) dropped out or were lost to follow up. There was no significant difference in the baseline and last visit Burke Fahn Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale and the part III of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale scores between levodopa and placebo. The most common adverse events in the levodopa group were increased movements, pain and nausea/ vomiting.
Conclusion. While levodopa is safe and well-tolerated, it does not have any effect in alleviating the dystonia or parkinsonism in XDP
Tratamiento de caries en época de COVID-19: Protocolos clínicos para el control de generación de aerosoles
Authors: Revista de Odontopediatría Latinoamericana Equipo de trabajo multidisciplinario de la 
Published: January 2021

La pandemia de la nueva enfermedad llamada COVID-19 requiere cambios importantes en la práctica dental. El coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) está presente en secreciones de la nasofaringe y en la saliva de los pacientes infectados y las vías de transmisión del virus son por contacto directo con gotículas salivales o por aerosoles . La gran mayoría de los procedimientos dentales convencionales generan aerosoles y son fuente potencial de infección, por lo tanto, los pacientes y los profesionales de la odontología tienen un mayor riesgo de contaminación, especialmente considerando la atención de pacientes que sean portadores asintomáticos o que sean atendidos durante el período de incubación.
Le corresponde al equipo odontólogico la misión de mantener un ambiente desinfectado y controlar la transmisión de esta enfermedad altamente contagiosa. En este sentido, además de los cuidados convencionales para todo el consultorio y aquellos recomendados por la Organización Mundial de la Salud contra el coronavirus, se deben implementar procedimientos adicionales a los protocolos de tratamiento diseñados para los pacientes pediátricos.
Actualmente, la realización de procedimientos no invasivos, micro y mínimamente invasivos adquiere una connotación importante. Dichos tratamientos tienen en común el hecho de que se basan en los conceptos más modernos para el tratamiento de la caries, con un enfoque conservador y biológico, tienen una eficacia comprobada en el control de la enfermedad y lo más importante para el momento presente es que no requieren el uso de instrumentos rotatorios de alta velocidad o de la jeringa triple (ambas generadoras de bioaerosoles).
Los aerosoles producidos por la turbina de alta rotación o por aparatos de ultrasonido pueden contaminar cualquier superficie expuesta del consultorio odontológico y dependiendo del tipo de superficie, la temperatura y la humedad del ambiente, el virus puede permanecer activo durante horas o inclusive días. Por lo tanto, todos los esfuerzos deben ser realizados para evitar los aerosoles.
Teleodontología: Aplicación a la Odontopediatría durante la pandemia COVID-19
Authors: Revista de Odontopediatría Latinoamericana Equipo de trabajo multidisciplinario de la 
Published: January 2021

A la presente fecha, los diferentes organismos de salud internacionales y locales han publicado recomendaciones, regulaciones y protocolos para atención odontológica durante de la pandemia COVID-19, ajustados a las diferentes etapas de la pandemia.
La Asociación Latinoamericana de Odontopediatría, en su misión apoyar y llevar la mejor información disponible a todos los colegas latinos, ha publicado guías prácticas y documentos de apoyo fáciles de utilizar y compartir con todo el personal odontológico que trabaje en ambiente hospitalario, clínicas gubernamentales, instituciones educativas y clínicas privadas, que presten atención a niños, adolescentes y pacientes en situación de discapacidad.1-3
Durante la etapa de confinamiento pandemia COVID-19, se debe realizar tratamiento odontológico exclusivamente a pacientes que presenten emergencias y urgencias, difiriendo todo tratamiento electivo.1,4-7
Sin embargo, conforme evolucionan las etapas de la pandemia en los diferentes países, cambian los protocolos de atención siendo posible la programación de atención odontopediátrica prioritaria y retomando progresivamente la atención odontológica.8,9
Como primer paso en la atención surge un cambio importante recomendado para la práctica profesional que es la inclusión de la atención a distancia o Telemedicina, en el caso de la Odontopediatría: Teleodontología, 10 involucrando atención telefónica, por medios digitales o plataformas virtuales, utilizando toda la tecnología disponible para poder realizar el diagnóstico, orientación terapéutica, seguimiento de los casos, y determinar las situaciones que requieren atención presencial.
Las recomendaciones que a continuación se proponen están vinculadas a la situación excepcional de pandemia y pueden diferir de las prácticas clínicas habituales. Estas recomendaciones pretenden dar una guía al clínico para que pueda realizar de forma eficiente el tamizaje de la consulta, que permita orientar la realización de consulta virtual con teleodontología, determinar la mejor ruta de atención según la necesidad y factibilidad de atención presencial, y llevar registro apropiado del seguimiento. No es un protocolo clínico exhaustivo de todos los tratamientos posibles.
Esta información constituye una guía de orientación, sin sustituir regulaciones locales, protocolos específicos, ni leyes vigentes en cada país y son susceptibles a evolucionar y cambiar en función de la situación sanitaria. Instamos a los profesionales a realizar seguimiento a las actualizaciones.
Resiliencia y demandas de política educativa durante la contingencia sanitaria
Authors: Gallegos Ruíz Itziar Scarlet , Tinajero Villavicencio María Guadalupe 
Published: January 2021

La emergencia sanitaria ocasionada por Covid-19 trastocó los procesos educativos que involucraban a millones de estudiantes y maestros en México. Las autoridades propusieron que la educación se impartiera en línea con el apoyo de la tecnología digital; este escenario ha implicado múltiples desafíos para todos los actores escolares, entre ellos, los directivos, debido al necesario manejo de herramientas tecnológicas para la aplicación de la estrategia Aprende en casa. Desde la perspectiva teórica de la resiliencia en lo cotidiano, el presente artículo tiene como objetivo describir la experiencia del Taller: Herramientas para una gestión basada en resultados de una subdirectora de primaria vespertina del estado de Veracruz, México. Se trata de un estudio de caso con un enfoque cualitativo bajo un paradigma interpretativo y de alcance descriptivo. La información se recopiló en un diario de observación y, posteriormente, se realizó un análisis cualitativo. Los resultados muestran que el taller fue formativo para la participante debido a su motivación y a su compromiso como docente, pero también por el apoyo brindado por su círculo más cercano. Por otro lado, evidencian que el taller, además de no brindar información oportuna a los participantes, no contempló cuestiones básicas como el poco conocimiento de los maestros sobre la tecnología digital, así como los requerimientos del equipo de cómputo necesarios para desarrollar todas las actividades.
Plan Especial de Protección de Infraestructura Verde y Biodiversidad de Salamanca 2020-35 (PEPIVB) como estrategia de conservación de sus valores universales excepcionales: naturales y patrimoniales.
Authors: Macarro Alcalde Carlos , Diosdado Calvo Beatriz 
Published: January 2021

Transcurridos treinta años de la inclusión de Salamanca en la Lista del Patrimonio Mundial de Unesco, se ha producido una evolución en los criterios de gestión de los bienes culturales que obliga a una nueva comprensión del valor del sitio, desde el punto de vista cultural y medioambiental. En este contexto, el Ayuntamiento de Salamanca acaba de aprobar el Plan Especial de Protección de Infraestructura Verde y Biodiversidad 2020-35 con el objeto de crear una estrategia que integre holísticamente los valores naturales, sociales, económicos y patrimoniales para que configuren un territorio preparado para afrontar los nuevos desafíos de las ciudades a través de soluciones basadas en la naturaleza. La estrategia se concibe como un “plan vivo, en evolución continua y con capacidad de adaptación a los requerimientos de la ciudad” que apuesta por dotarse de una figura urbanística como herramienta de consolidación (ésto constituye una novedad con respecto a otras ciudades verdes). Otra característica es la definición de su ambito que abarca la totalidad de su témino, a la vez que deja apuntadas las soluciones con términos colindantes y la malla regional. Es una estrategia innovadora que utiliza como base la infraestructura verde junto con otro valor universal: su patrimonio.