bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fish and chips: the origin of human gene families is a predictor of the location of GWAS signals
Authors: Good Sara Victoria , Gotesman Ryan , Kisselev Ilya , Paterson Andrew D. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
GWAS have identified thousands of loci associated with human complex diseases and traits. How these loci are distributed through the genome has not been systematically evaluated. We hypothesised that the location of GWAS loci differ between ancestral linkage groups (ALGs) related to the paralogy and function of genes. We used data from the NHGRI-EBI GWAS catalog to determine whether the density of GWAS loci relative to HapMap variants in each ALG differed, and whether ALG’s were enriched for experimental factor ontological (EFO) terms assigned to the GWAS traits. In a gene-level analyses we explored the characteristics of genes linked to GWAS loci and those mapping to the ALG’s. We find that GWAS loci were enriched or deficient in 9 and 7 of the 17 ALG’s respectively, while there was no difference in the number of GWAS loci in regions of the human genome unassigned to an ALG. All but 2 ALG’s were significantly enriched or deficient for one or more EFO terms. Lastly, we find that genes assigned to an ALG are under higher levels of selective constraint, have longer coding sequences and higher median expression in the tissue of highest expression than genes not mapping to an ALG. On the other hand, genes associated with GWAS loci have longer genomic length and exhibit higher levels of selective constraint relative to non-GWAS genes.Collectively, this suggests that understanding the location and ancestral origins of GWAS signals may be informative for the development of tools for variant prioritization and interpretation.
Hepatitis B prophylaxis in chronic myeloid leukemia patient on Tyrosine kinase inhibitor with previous hepatitis B infection: Case report and literature review
Authors: Alshurafa Awni , Abdalhadi Ahmed , Mudawi Deena , Yassin Mohamed A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Hepatitis B virus reactivation is a well-known risk in cancer patients who are receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy and may result in different forms of liver injury including fulminant liver failure and death. There are increasing concerns regarding the risk of Hepatitis B reactivation among chronic myeloid leukemia patients who are receiving tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Reactivation risk is not limited to chronic carrier patients but also involves people who have previous Hepatitis B virus infection. This report describes the importance of starting hepatitis B prophylaxis in a newly diagnosed chronic myeloid leukemia patient who was found to have positive hepatitis B anticore antibody before starting tyrosine kinase inhibitor.
Isolated Caudate Lobectomy: Glissonean Pedicle Transection Method, and Combined Right–left Side Approach. A Case Series Report
Authors: Hiep Luong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Tumors located in caudate lobe may be primary tumors, or metastases from other sites. Isolated caudate lobectomy (ICL) is a challenging procedure due to its complex structure and location. The access route to caudatelobe has an important role in the success of the operation. A combined right and left side approach is recommended for benign or suspected malignant tumor located anterior to the vena cava or entirely in the caudate lobe, which radical resection of the caudate is necessary. We report two cases of successfully with Glissonean pedicle transection method described by Takasaki and combined right and left side approach. We found this to be a safe and effective approach, which can be applied to all case of benign tumors; or in the case of malignant tumors located entirely in the caudate lobe when extended hepatic resection is not possible due to poor liver function. or small remnant liver volume.
The Link Between Indoor Air Pollution From Cooking Fuels and Anemia Status Among Non-pregnant Women of Reproductive Age in Ethiopia.
Authors: Kanno Girum Gebremeskel , Geremew Temesgen , Diro Tesfaye , Musarapasi Stephen Vincent , wyk Renay Van , Sabokaa Biniam Tariku , Alembo Awash , Hussen Robel , Soboksa Negasa Eshete , Aregu Mekonnen Birhane 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The effect of indoor air pollution from different fuel types on the anemia status among non-pregnant women of reproductive ages is rarely studied. This study aimed to assess the link between indoor air pollution from different fuel types and anemia among non-pregnant women of reproductive ages in Ethiopia. The secondary data from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey data have been employed for this study. The women of reproductive age who were not pregnant at the time of the data collection were the study population and their anemia status was the outcome variable with multiple outcomes as (moderate to severe, mild, and no anemia) and households using biomass fuel and clean fuel were selected for this study. Multinomial logistic regression was employed to estimate the association of biomass fuel use with the anemia status of women in reproductive age controlling for age, body mass index, education level, exposure to household tobacco smoke, type of residence, wealth index, and region. Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) was calculated at 95% Confidence Interval. An independent sample t-test was used to assess the mean difference in blood Hemoglobin level (g/dl) between biomass and clean fuel users. For all statistical tests, a p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. The proportion of anemia in women of reproductive age in Ethiopia was 41.8% and 19.4 % among biomass fuel and clean fuel users respectively. The mean blood hemoglobin level was 127.17(± 18.063) g/dl. In the multivariable multinomial logistic regression analysis, women of reproductive age who utilize biomass fuel for cooking were 33 % more likely to have mild anemia than households who use cleaner fuels, whereas the association of biomass fuel use with moderate to severe anemia was insignificant. When compared with non-pregnant women who use clean energy types, women who live in households that use biomass fuel have a lower (5.8 g/dl ) blood Hemoglobin level P < 0.001. The finding indicated that the use of biomass fuel was associated with reduced blood Hemoglobin levels and significantly associated with mild anemia levels in women of reproductive age in Ethiopia. Interventions that reduce or prevent indoor air pollution from biomass fuels must be implemented in Ethiopia.
Glutamate Dehydrogenase as a Promising Target for Hyperinsulinism
Hyperammonemia Syndrome Therapy
Authors: Bian Yunfei , Hou Wei , Chen Xinrou , Fang Jinzhang , Xu Ning , Ruan Benfang Helen 
Published: September 2021

Abstract:
Hyperinsulinism-hyperammonemia syndrome (HHS) is a rare disease characterized
by recurrent hypoglycemia and persistent elevation of plasma ammonia, and it
can lead to severe epilepsy and permanent brain damage. It has been demonstrated that
functional mutations of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), an enzyme in the mitochondrial
matrix, are responsible for the HHS. Thus, GDH has become a promising target for
the small molecule therapeutic intervention of HHS. Several medicinal chemistry studies
are currently aimed at GDH, however, to date, none of the compounds reported has been
entered clinical trials. This perspective summarizes the progress in the discovery and development
of GDH inhibitors, including the pathogenesis of HHS, potential binding
sites, screening methods, and research models. Future therapeutic perspectives are offered
to provide a reference for discovering potent GDH modulators and encourage additional
research that will provide more comprehensive guidance for drug development.
Pulmonary Surfactant: A Unique Biomaterial with Life-saving Therapeutic Applications
Authors: Pioselli Barbara , Salomone Fabrizio , Mazzola Giuseppe , Amidani Davide , Sgarbi Elisa , Amadei Francesco , Murgia Xabi , Catinella Silvia , Villetti Gino , De Luca Daniele , Carnielli Virgilio , Civelli Maurizio 
Published: September 2021

:Pulmonary surfactant is a complex lipoprotein mixture secreted into the alveolar lumen by type 2 pneumocytes, which is composed by tens of different lipids (approximately 90% of its entire mass) and surfactant proteins (approximately 10% of the mass). It is crucially involved in maintaining lung homeostasis by reducing the values of alveolar liquid surface tension close to zero at end-expiration, thereby avoiding the alveolar collapse, and assembling a chemical and physical barrier against inhaled pathogens. A deficient amount of surfactant or its functional inactivation is directly linked to a wide range of lung pathologies, including the neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. This paper reviews the main biophysical concepts of surfactant activity and its inactivation mechanisms, and describes the past, present and future roles of surfactant replacement therapy, focusing on the exogenous surfactant preparations marketed worldwide and new formulations under development. The closing section describes the pulmonary surfactant in the context of drug delivery. Thanks to its peculiar composition, biocompatibility, and alveolar spreading capability, the surfactant may work not only as a shuttle to the branched anatomy of the lung for other drugs but also as a modulator for their release, opening to innovative therapeutic avenues for the treatment of several respiratory diseases.
Recent Progress in 1H-1,2,3-triazoles as Potential Antifungal Agents
Authors: Poonia Nisha , Kumar Aman , Kumar Vijay , Yadav Monika , Lal Kashmiri 
Published: September 2021

:
To overcome ever increasing cases of antifungal resistance and circumventing side effects and drug interactions related with currently available drugs has impelled the need to expedite the process of drug discovery and development of novel antifungals. 1,4-Disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole has gained tremendous interest in last two decades mainly because of its ease of synthesis via copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) and its broad spectrum of chemotherapeutic potential. 1,2,3-Triazole is an excellent pharmacophore which has been used as a bioisostere for obtaining libraries of new medicinally important scaffolds. The present review focus on the recent advances (2016-2021) of 1,2,3-triazole derivatives obtained by CuAAC as potential antifungal agents that may facilitate triazole based antifungal development process.
Do We Have Good Activity Indices in Systemic Sclerosis?
Authors: Groseanu Laura , Petrescu Sorana , Balanescu Andra , Bojinca Violeta , Opris-Belinski Daniela , Berghea Florian , Mazilu Diana , Saulescu Ioana , Borangiu Andreea , Daia-Iliescu Sanziana , Constantinescu Cosmin , Cobilinschi Claudia , Abobului Mihai , Negru Maria Magdalena , Ionescu Ruxandra 
Published: September 2021

Background:
No fully validated index is available for assessing overall disease activity
in systemic sclerosis (SSc).

Objectives:
To estimate the effect of disease activity as measured by different disease activity indices
on the risk of subsequent organ damage.

Methods:
The European Systemic sclerosis study group activity index (EScSG AI), the European
Scleroderma Trials and Research Group Activity Index (r-EUSTAR AI), 12 point activity index
proposed by Minier (12point AI) were calculated for 91 patients; the CRISS (The Composite Response
Index for Systemic Sclerosis) for patients included after 2016. Data were analysed by parametric
and non-parametric tests and logistic regression.

Results:
EscSG AI, r-EUSTAR AI and 12point AI correlated with lung involvement. EScSG AI
and r-EUSTAR AI correlated with diffuse skin involvement. EscSG AI correlated with digital ulcers
and diffuse cutaneous involvement and r-EUSTAR AI with a renal crisis.
Bivariate analysis showed an inverse correlation between the three disease activity scores and
forced vital capacity (FVC) (p<0.001) and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO)
(p<0.001) and positive correlation with pulmonary fibrosis (p<0.001), modified Rodnan skin score
(mRSS) (p<0.001), health assessment questionnaire (HAQ) (p<0.001), systolic pulmonary pressure
(sPAP) (p<0.001), C-reactive protein (CRP) (p<0.001) and capillaroscopy scoring (p<0.001) at
both baseline visit and the 3-year follow-up visit. Logistic regression revealed that baseline EScSG
AI adjusted for gender and age and that baseline 12-point AI both adjusted and unadjusted predicted
worse skin involvement at 3-year follow-up; while adjusted EScSG AI predicted decreasing DLCO.
Also, 12-point AI predicted a decline of FVC and higher HAQ scores at 3-year follow up;
while baseline r-EUSTAR AI was able to predict muscular deterioration, decline of FVC and the increase
of HAQ score during 3 years of following. An active disease according to EScSG AI at first
visit predicted progression of joint involvement while an active disease at baseline showed by r-
EUSTAR AI predicted muscular deterioration, FVC and DLCO worsening, as well as an increase
in HAQ score during the follow-up period. r-EUSTAR AI was the only score to predict the decrease
of FVC in a multiple regression prediction model (OR= 1.306 (1.025, 1.665), p=0.31) while
baseline EScSG AI best predicted worsening of DLCO (OR=1.749 (1.104, 2.772), p=0.017).

Conclusion:
Our study could not establish a gold standard to assess disease activity in SSc; especially
EscSG AI and r-EUSTAR AI could quantify and predict major organ involvement in daily
practice. CRISS can be useful as an outcome measure for patients with short disease duration included
in clinical studies.
Cardiovascular Diseases in Pregnancy - A Brief Overview
Authors: Sahu Ankit Kumar , Harsha Mullusoge Mariappa , Rathoor Sonika 
Published: September 2021

:
Even though, there have been many advances in maternal medical care and fertility treatments,
the presence of cardiovascular disease has a significant impact on pregnancy. In pregnant
women, several heart conditions, such as valvular heart disease, chronic hypertension, congenital
heart defects and non-ischemic cardiomyopathies are linked to increased risk of fetal as well as maternal
morbidity and mortality. To date, the management of the co-existing conditions of pregnancy
and heart disease has been challenging. Therefore, in-depth information may be beneficial to
tackle a difficult case scenario. Towards this end, this paper provides an overview of the recent updated
knowledge of pregnancy-related cardiovascular diseases in women.
Moderate Exercise Improves Cognitive Function in Healthy Elderly People: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Carta Mauro Giovanni , Cossu Giulia , Pintus Elisa , Zaccheddu Rosanna , Callia Omar , Conti Giuliana , Pintus Mirra , Aviles Gonzalez Cesar Ivan , Massidda Maria Valeria , Mura Gioia , Sardu Claudia , Contu Paolo , Minerba Luigi , Demontis Roberto , Pau Massimiliano , Finco Gabriele , Cocco Eleonora , Penna Maria Pietronilla , Orr Germano , Kalcev Goce , Cabras Federico , Lorrai Stefano , Loviselli Andrea , Velluzzi Fernanda , Monticone Marco , Cacace Enrico , Musu Mario , Rongioletti Franco , Cauli Alberto , Ruggiero Valeria , Scano Alessandra , Crisafulli Antonio , Cosentino Sofia , Atzori Laura , Massa Elena , Mela Quirico , Fortin Dario , Migliaccio Gianmario , Machado Sergio , Romano Ferdinando , Preti Antonio 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Physical activity in the elderly is recommended by international guidelines to protect against cognitive decline and functional impairment.

Objective:
This Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) was set up to verify whether medium-intensity physical activity in elderly people living in the community is effective in improving cognitive performance.

Design:
RCT with parallel and balanced large groups.

Setting:
Academic university hospital and Olympic gyms.

Subjects:
People aged 65 years old and older of both genders living at home holding a medical certificate for suitability in non-competitive physical activity.

Methods:
Participants were randomized to a 12-week, 3 sessions per week moderate physical activity program or to a control condition focused on cultural and recreational activities in groups of the same size and timing as the active intervention group. The active phase integrated a mixture of aerobic and anaerobic exercises, including drills of “life movements”, strength and balance. The primary outcome was: any change in Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination Revised (ACE-R) and its subscales.

Results:
At the end of the trial, 52 people completed the active intervention, and 53 people completed the control condition. People in the active intervention improved on the ACE-R (ANOVA: F(1;102)=4.32, p=0.040), and also showed better performances on the memory (F(1;102)=5.40 p=0.022) and visual-space skills subscales of the ACE-R (F(1;102)=4.09 p=0.046).

Conclusion:
A moderate-intensity exercise administered for a relatively short period of 12 weeks is capable of improving cognitive performance in a sample of elderly people who live independently in their homes.
Clinical Trials Registration No: NCT03858114
Decrease in Cell Viability of Breast Cancer Cells by a Di-Hydroxylated Derivative of
N-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-Propylpentanamide
Authors: Galindo-Alvarez Norma L. , Mendoza-Figueroa Humberto L. , Rosales-Hernández Martha C. , Bakalara Norbert , Correa-Basurto José 
Published: September 2021

Background:
A preliminary study of the biotransformation by cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP) of N-(2-
hydroxyphenyl)-2-propylpentanamide (HO-AAVPA), an HDAC inhibitor, led to the synthesis of two hydroxylated
derivatives: N-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-propylpentanamide (5a) and N-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-propylpentanamide
(5b).

Objective:
The study aims to evaluate the anti-proliferative activity of these di-hydroxylated derivatives in breast cancer
cell lines.

Methods:
MTT assays were conducted in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. Additionally, in silico studies were
carried out to evaluate the affinity of these derivatives with the HDAC1 enzyme.

Results:
Results showed that only 5b possess an enhanced anti-proliferative effect in breast cancer cell lines MCF-7
and MDA-MB-231. Docking studies revealed that the presence of hydroxyl groups, as well as the position of the additional
hydroxyl groups, could have an impact on HDAC1 affinity and could explain the lack of activity of compound
5a.

Conclusion:
A priori, these results hypothesize that anti-proliferative activity of 5b could be related to HDAC1 inhibition
and thus anti-proliferative activity in breast cancer cells.
Liver Injury in COVID-19: A Direct Hit or Collateral Damage?
Authors: Vairappan Balasubramaniyan , Wright Gavin , Corrigal Douglas , TS Ravikumar 
Published: September 2021

:SARS-CoV-2 is a novel coronavirus that has been identified, in December 2019, in Wuhan, China, and since it has become a worldwide pandemic, it has imposed far-reaching impacts on global human health and socio-economic activity. Worldwide, over 4 million Covid-19 related deaths were reported until September 2021. Recently published case studies have reported that Covid-19 patients develop different degrees of liver dysfunction. Inevitably, in hospitalized Covid-19 patients who develop acute liver derangement, there are a plethora of potential pathogenic causes such as direct-viral, immune-driven, and drug-induced and/or ischaemic liver injury. Patients with advanced chronic liver diseases (e.g., cirrhosis) and/or autoimmune liver disease have a poor immune function and associated poorer outcomes compared to other critically ill cohorts. However, largely any immediate liver derangement tends to be relatively mild, and as such, any de novo liver injury may not be a significant feature of Covid-19. There is an immediate necessity, therefore, to better understand the liver-specific pathophysiology of COVID-19. This review focuses on the up-to-date information regarding Covid-19 and associated indices for liver dysfunction, possible mechanisms, and potential drug targeted therapies in Covid-19 patients with and without liver dysfunction. PubMed database was used to perform an extensive literature search using the keywords liver and SARS-CoV-2, liver and Covid-19, Covid 19 and treatment, etc.
Interaction of Host Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) withMycobacterium Tuberculosisand Ayurvedic Management of Tuberculosis: A Systemic Approach
Authors: Ponnusamy Nirmaladevi , Arumugam Mohanapriya 
Published: September 2021

:Tuberculosis (TB), an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), infects the lungs' alveolar surfaces through aerosol droplets. At this stage, the disease progression may have many consequences, determined primarily by the reactions of the human immune system. However, one approach will be to more actively integrate the immune system, especially the pattern recognition receptor (PRR) systems of the host, which notices pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of Mtb. Several types of PRRs are involved in the detection of Mtb, including Toll-like receptors (TLRs), C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), Dendritic cell (DC) -specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN), Mannose receptor (MR), and NOD-like receptors (NLRs) related to inflammasome activation. In this study, we focus on reviewing the Mtb pathophysiology and interaction of host PPRs with Mtb as well as adverse drug effects of anti-tuberculosis drugs (ATDs) and systematic TB treatment via Ayurvedic medicine.
The application of Sheng-Mai Injection in diabetes mellitus and related complications: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Maoyi , Hu Zhipeng , Yue Rensong 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by progressive β cell dysfunction. Sheng-Mai Injection (SMI), a Traditional Chinese medicine preparation, is widely used for DM and related complications.

Objective:
The study aims to summarize the applications of SMI in DM and related complications by meta-analysis.

Methods:
Eight databases were searched, and meta-analyses were performed.

Results :
Fifteen studies, including 1273 participants, were included. All studies and participants are from China. Pooled effects showed that SMI might reduce glycated hemoglobin (MD -0.46%; 95% CI -0.89 to -0.03; P < 0.01), fasting blood glucose (MD -0.83 mmol/L; 95% CI -1.30 to -0.36; P < 0.01), two-hour Postprandial glucose (MD -1.27 mmol/L; 95% CI -1.96 to -0.58; P < 0.01), 24-hour urinary protein (MD -0.28 mg; 95% CI -0.51 to -0.06; P = 0.01), blood urea nitrogen (MD -1.31 mg; 95% CI -2.08 to -0.54; P < 0.05), Scr (MD -2.60; 95% CI -3.43 to -1.77; P < 0.05), ulnar nerve motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) (MD 1.45; 95% CI 0.03 to 2.87; P < 0.05) and tibial nerve Sensory nerve conduction velocity (SNCV) (MD 1.84; 95% CI 0.1 to 3.58; P < 0.05). There was no evidence of effect on common peroneal nervous MNCV and SNCV, tibial nerve MNCV, median nerve MNCV and SNCV. Adverse effects included less frequent gastrointestinal reactions, elevated transaminase, leucopenia, fever, and rash.

Conclusion:
SMI may be effective in DM and diabetic nephropathy. For diabetic peripheral neuropathy, the effectiveness cannot yet be proven considering the inconsistency of the evidence.