bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Association between Maternal Body Mass Index and the Risk of Perinatal Depression
Authors: de los Reyes Samantha , Dude Annie , Adams Marci , Castille Deshala , Ouyang David W. , Plunkett Beth A. 
Published: May 2021

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the risk of perinatal depression is associated with body mass index (BMI) category.
Study Design We performed a retrospective cohort study of women who completed an Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) questionnaire during the antepartum period at an integrated health system from January 2003 to May 2018. Risk of perinatal depression was defined as a score of ≥10 on the EPDS or an affirmative response to thoughts of self-harm. Risk of perinatal depression was compared by first trimester BMI category, defined as underweight (BMI: <18.5 kg/m2), normal weight (BMI: 18.5–24.9 kg/m2), overweight (BMI: 25.0–29.9 kg/m2), or obese (BMI: ≥30.0 kg/m2). Univariable analyses were performed using χ
2, Fisher's exact test, analysis of variance, Kruskal–Wallis, and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests as appropriate to evaluate the association between maternal BMI category, demographic and clinical characteristics, and risk of perinatal depression. Logistic multivariable regression models were performed to adjust for potential confounders identified as variables with p < 0.10 in univariable analysis.
Results Our analysis included 3,420 obese women, 3,839 overweight women, 5,949 normal weight women, and 1,203 underweight women. The overall median gestational age at EPDS administration was 27 weeks (interquartile range: 23–29). Overweight and obese women were more likely to be non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, multiparous, to have public insurance, prepregnancy diabetes, and chronic hypertension as compared with normal or underweight women (p < 0.001). In univariable analysis, the risk of perinatal depression was not significantly different among underweight (10.8%, odds ratio [OR]: 0.86, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.79–1.18) or overweight women (12%, OR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.79–1.18); however, the risk was higher among obese women (14.7%, 95% CI: 1.21–1.55) compared with normal weight women (11.2%). In multivariable analysis, obesity remained associated with an increased risk of perinatal depression (adjusted OR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.04–1.35).
Conclusion Obesity is associated with an increased risk of perinatal depression as compared with women of normal weight.
Key Points
Indications for Maternal Echocardiography in Detecting Disease and the Impact on Pregnancy Management
Authors: Schnettler William T. , Zinn Caitlyn K. , Devaiah C. Ganga , Wilson John 
Published: May 2021

Objective Few obstetric-specific guidelines detail the indications for screening echocardiography in pregnancy. The objective of the study is to examine the association of common indications for maternal echocardiography with the likelihood of abnormality identification, pregnancy management alteration, and conformity with current American College of Cardiology Foundation (ACCF) guidelines.
Study Design This retrospective cohort analysis categorized all echocardiograms performed within pregnancy and the first month postpartum within a tertiary health system to correlate indications with abnormal findings.
Results Data from 226 echocardiograms were analyzed from 205 women. The most common indication for initial echocardiography was cardiac symptoms (34.6%). History of cardiac disease was the only indication demonstrating a significant association with an abnormal finding on initial echocardiography (odds ratio [OR]: 2.6; p = 0.006). Postpartum status (OR: 4.9; p < 0.001), multiparity (p < 0.001), and tobacco use (OR: 2.2; p = 0.011) were demographic characteristics associated with the identification of abnormal findings on initial echocardiography. Abnormal echocardiographic findings were associated with changes in clinical management but did not correlate with adverse obstetric or neonatal outcomes, which may support the impact of a multidisciplinary programmatic approach. ACCF appropriateness criteria correlated well with identification of abnormal echocardiographic results (p = 0.034).
Conclusion Although the presence of cardiac symptoms or history of diabetes failed to demonstrate association with abnormal echocardiographic findings, a history of prior cardiac disease, tobacco use, multiparity, and postpartum status were factors associated with identification of abnormal findings on initial maternal echocardiography. The ACCF appropriateness criteria for obtaining echocardiography can be applied to pregnant women with consideration for these additional risk factors.
Key Points
Far-detuned mid-IR wavelength conversion at 4.05 µm in a tellurium oxide rib waveguide pumped at 1550 nm: Design and analysis
Authors: Saini Than Singh , Arora Shilpi , Supradeepa V. R. 
Published: May 2021

We report the design and numerical analysis of a tellurium oxide rib waveguide pumped with femtosecond laser pulses at 1550 nm for near and mid-infrared wavelength conversion at 0.96 and 4.05 µm, respectively. The wavelength conversion principle is based on the degenerate four-wave mixing in the designed tellurium oxide rib waveguide device. The corresponding detuning in the frequencies is as large as ∼120 THz at both sides of the pump frequency. This is the largest detuning of the frequencies obtained using a TeO2 rib waveguide via a four-wave mixing process to the best of our knowledge. Such waveguide-based light sources are required for various potential applications, including chemical sensing, absorption spectroscopy, and generation of quantum correlated photons on future nonlinear photonic integrated circuits.
Image-charge effects on ion adsorption near aqueous interfaces
Authors: Son Chang Yun , Wang Zhen-Gang 
Published: May 2021

Significance
Understanding electrostatic interactions across interfaces is of critical importance in energy storage devices and biological science. We study the adsorption of salt ions on aqueous interfaces using molecular dynamics simulations, applying an efficient algorithm that enables us to systematically control the effect of surface, solvent, and solute polarization. In the absence of applied potential difference, the image-charge attraction of the ions predicted by continuum electrostatics is shown to be screened out by the solvating water molecules, resulting in no appreciable difference in the ion profiles near a metal surface vs. a nonpolarizable surface. However, the metal surfaces promote significantly enhanced fluctuation in, and magnitude of, the charge separation across the confined electrolyte, leading to greater capacitance under applied electric field.
Parameterized reinforcement learning for optical system optimization
Authors: Wankerl Heribert , Stern Maike L , Mahdavi Ali , Eichler Christoph , Lang Elmar W 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Engineering a physical system to feature designated characteristics states an inverse design problem, which is often determined by several discrete and continuous parameters. If such a system must feature a particular behavior, the mentioned combination of both, discrete and continuous, parameters results in a challenging optimization problem that requires an extensive search for an optimal system design. However, if the corresponding inverse design problem can be reformulated as a parameterized Markov decision process, reinforcement learning (RL) provides a heuristic framework to solve it. In this work, we use multi-layer thin films as an example of the aforementioned optimization problems and consider three design parameters: Each of the thin film layer’s dielectric material (discrete) and thickness (continuous), as well as the total number of layers (discrete). While recent methods merely determine the optimal thicknesses and—less commonly—the layers’ materials, our approach optimizes the total number of stacked layers as well. In summary, we further develop a Q-learning variant to solve inverse design optimization and thereby outperform human experts and current approaches like needle-point optimization or naive RL. For this purpose, we propose an exponentially transformed reward signal that eases policy search and enables constrained optimization. Moreover, the learned Q-values contain information about the optical properties of multi-layer thin films, which allows us a physical interpretation or what-if analysis and thus enables explainability.
Role of anharmonicity in the electronic heat capacity of superconductors
Authors: Singh Nitin P , Gour Preetam Singh , Saini Sapan Mohan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The role of anharmonicity in the electronic heat capacity (EHC) of high temperature superconductors (HTS) has been investigated via electron density of state (EDOS) using quantum dynamical approach. The EDOS may be obtained using correlation function with the help of Zubarev double time temperature dependent electron Green’s functions (GF) via a generalized Hamiltonian which consists of (i) unperturbed electron, (ii) unperturbed phonon, (iii) electron-phonon, (iv) anharmonic and (v) defect interactions. The model Hamiltonian includes the force constant changes and mass difference caused by the impurities along with the effects of cubic anharmonicity reveals some striking features of EHC of HTS.
Understanding Facial Muscle Aging: A Surface Electromyography Study
Authors: Cotofana Sebastian , Assemi-Kabir Shirin , Mardini Samir , Giunta Riccardo E , Gotkin Robert H , Moellhoff Nicholas , Avelar Luiz E T , Mercado-Perez Arnaldo , Lorenc Z Paul , Frank Konstantin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Facial aging is a multifactorial process that involves all tissues of the face, including skin, muscles, fat, ligaments, and bone. Whereas robust evidence is available for age-related changes of bone and facial fat, the influence of age on facial muscle activity is poorly understood.

Objectives
The objective of this study was to investigate the motor unit action potential of facial muscles by utilizing surface-derived, noninvasive electromyography in young and old healthy volunteers.

Methods
The study investigated a total of 32 healthy volunteers with a mean [standard deviation] age of 42.6 [19.6] years (range, 21-82 years) and a mean BMI of 23.9 [2.7] kg/m2 (range, 18.5-29.7 kg/m2) by performing surface-derived, noninvasive facial electromyography. Nine facial muscles were investigated bilaterally, resulting in a total of 1632 measurements of the signal, baseline noise, and signal-to-noise ratio of these muscles.

Results
The results of the study revealed that age does not significantly influence the signal (P = 0.234), the baseline noise (P = 0.225), or the signal-to-noise ratio (P = 0.432) of younger individuals (&lt;30 years) vs older individuals (&gt;50 years) in a gender- and BMI-matched statistical model. Exceptions were the zygomaticus major muscle (reduced activity), procerus muscle (increased activity), and corrugator supercilii muscle (increased activity).

Conclusions
The results of this facial electromyography study may help to increase the understanding of facial aging. Future studies need to reproduce the results presented herein to further increase our understanding of facial aging.
Photographic Misrepresentation on Instagram After Facial Cosmetic Surgery: Is Increased Photography Bias Associated With Greater User Engagement?
Authors: Vaca Elbert E , Perez Megan M , Lamano Jonathan B , Turin Sergey Y , Moradian Simon , Fagien Steven , Schierle Clark 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Before-and-after images are commonly used on Instagram (Menlo Park, CA) to advertise aesthetic surgical treatments and are a powerful means of engaging prospective patients. Consistency between before-and-after images accurately demonstrating the postoperative result on Instagram, however, has not been systematically assessed.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to systematically assess facial cosmetic surgery before-and-after photography bias on Instagram.

Methods
The authors queried 19 Instagram facial aesthetic surgery–related hashtags on 3 dates in May 2020. The “top” 9 posts associated with each hashtag (291 posts) were analyzed by 3 plastic surgeons by means of a 5-item rubric quantifying photographic discrepancies between preoperative and postoperative images. Duplicate posts and those that did not include before-and-after images of facial aesthetic surgery procedures were excluded.

Results
A total of 3,477,178 posts were queried. Photography conditions were observed to favor visual enhancement of the postoperative result in 282/291 analyzed top posts, with an average bias score of 1.71 [1.01] out of 5. Plastic surgeons accounted for only 27.5% of top posts. Physicians practicing outside their scope of practice accounted for 2.8% of top posts. Accounts with a greater number of followers (P = 0.017) and posts originating from Asia (P = 0.013) were significantly associated with a higher postoperative photography bias score.

Conclusions
Photographic misrepresentation, with photography conditions biased towards enhancing the appearance of the postoperative result, is pervasive on Instagram. This pattern was observed across all physician specialties and raises significant concerns. Accounts with a greater number of followers demonstrated significantly greater postoperative photography bias, suggesting photographic misrepresentation is rewarded by greater user engagement.
Gene tree and species tree reconciliation with endosymbiotic gene transfer
Authors: Anselmetti Yoann , El-Mabrouk Nadia , Lafond Manuel , Ouangraoua Aïda 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Motivation
It is largely established that all extant mitochondria originated from a unique endosymbiotic event integrating an α−proteobacterial genome into an eukaryotic cell. Subsequently, eukaryote evolution has been marked by episodes of gene transfer, mainly from the mitochondria to the nucleus, resulting in a significant reduction of the mitochondrial genome, eventually completely disappearing in some lineages. However, in other lineages such as in land plants, a high variability in gene repertoire distribution, including genes encoded in both the nuclear and mitochondrial genome, is an indication of an ongoing process of Endosymbiotic Gene Transfer (EGT). Understanding how both nuclear and mitochondrial genomes have been shaped by gene loss, duplication and transfer is expected to shed light on a number of open questions regarding the evolution of eukaryotes, including rooting of the eukaryotic tree.

Results
We address the problem of inferring the evolution of a gene family through duplication, loss and EGT events, the latter considered as a special case of horizontal gene transfer occurring between the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes of the same species (in one direction or the other). We consider both EGT events resulting in maintaining (EGTcopy) or removing (EGTcut) the gene copy in the source genome. We present a linear-time algorithm for computing the DLE (Duplication, Loss and EGT) distance, as well as an optimal reconciled tree, for the unitary cost, and a dynamic programming algorithm allowing to output all optimal reconciliations for an arbitrary cost of operations. We illustrate the application of our EndoRex software and analyze different costs settings parameters on a plant dataset and discuss the resulting reconciled trees.

Availability and implementation
EndoRex implementation and supporting data are available on the GitHub repository via https://github.com/AEVO-lab/EndoRex.
iCircDA-LTR: identification of circRNA–disease associations based on Learning to Rank
Authors: Wei Hang , Xu Yong , Liu Bin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Motivation
Due to the inherent stability and close relationship with the progression of diseases, circRNAs are serving as important biomarkers and drug targets. Efficient predictors for identifying circRNA–disease associations are highly required. The existing predictors consider circRNA–disease association prediction as a classification task or a recommendation problem, failing to capture the ranking information among the associations and detect the diseases associated with new circRNAs. However, more and more circRNAs are discovered. Identification of the diseases associated with these new circRNAs remains a challenging task.

Results
In this study, we proposed a new predictor called iCricDA-LTR for circRNA–disease association prediction. Different from any existing predictor, iCricDA-LTR employed a ranking framework to model the global ranking associations among the query circRNAs and the diseases. The Learning to Rank (LTR) algorithm was employed to rank the associations based on various predictors and features in a supervised manner. The experimental results on two independent test datasets showed that iCircDA-LTR outperformed the other competing methods, especially for predicting the diseases associated with new circRNAs. As a result, iCircDA-LTR is more suitable for the real-world applications.

Availability and implementation
For the convenience of researchers to detect new circRNA–disease associations. The web server of iCircDA-LTR was established and freely available at http://bliulab.net/iCircDA-LTR/.
Restorative Justice and the School-to-Prison Pipeline: A Conceptual Framework to Address Racial and Ethnic Disproportionality
Authors: Agudelo Felipe Ignacio , Cole Donna , Gallant Sarah , Mabee Cassandra 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article develops a restorative justice framework that aims to address racial and ethnic disproportionality in the school-to-prison pipeline (STPP) in the United States. The framework uses literature on restorative justice and the STPP as its foundation and applies a restorative justice approach to three major strategies related to racial and ethnic disproportionality in the STPP: (1) school climate and school–student relationship, (2) a school’s cultural humility and connectedness, and (3) exclusionary discipline reduction. The first strategy proposes the development of respectful and credible relationships among teachers, staff, and students. The second suggests two techniques: (1) self-reflection to address implicit biases among teachers/administrators and (2) parental involvement. Both the first and the second strategies are considered prevention strategies. The third strategy uses techniques of intervention, including peer mediation, restorative circles, and community service, as alternative punishments. This framework theorizes that a focus on these three major strategies will challenge institutional racism in schools as a determinant of the disciplinary inequity that students of color experience. This framework further theorizes that addressing institutional racism through these specific interrelated strategies will result in three major outcomes that can decrease racial and ethnic disproportionality in the STPP.
Biventricular dysfunction and lung congestion in athletes on anabolic androgenic steroids: a speckle tracking and stress lung echocardiography analysis
Authors: D'Andrea Antonello , Radmilovic Juri , Russo Vincenzo , Sperlongano Simona , Carbone Andreina , Di Maio Marco , Ilardi Federica , Riegler Lucia , D’Alto Michele , Giallauria Francesco , Bossone Eduardo , Picano Eugenio 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Aims
The real effects of the chronic consumption of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AASs) on cardiovascular structures are subjects of intense debate. The aim of the study was to detect by speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) right ventricular (RV) and left ventricular (LV) dysfunction at rest and during exercise stress echocardiography (ESE) in athletes abusing AAS.

Methods and results
One hundred and fifteen top-level competitive bodybuilders were selected (70 males), including 65 athletes misusing AAS for at least 5 years (users), 50 anabolic-free bodybuilders (non-users), compared to 50 age- and sex-matched healthy sedentary controls. Standard Doppler echocardiography, STE analysis, and lung ultrasound at rest and at peak supine-bicycle ESE were performed. Athletes showed increased LV mass index, wall thickness, and RV diameters compared with controls, whereas LV ejection fraction was comparable within the groups. left atrial volume index, LV and RV strain, and LV E/Em were significantly higher in AAS users. Users showed more B-lines during stress (median 4.4 vs. 1.25 in controls and 1.3 in non-users, P &lt; 0.01 vs. users). By multivariable analyses, LV E/Ea (beta coefficient = 0.35, P &lt; 0.01), pulmonary artery systolic pressure (beta = 0.43, P &lt; 0.001) at peak effort and number of weeks of AAS use per year (beta = 0.45, P &lt; 0.001) emerged as the only independent determinants of resting RV lateral wall peak systolic two-dimensional strain. In addition, a close association between resting RV myocardial function and VO2 peak during ESE was evidenced (P &lt; 0.001), with a powerful incremental value with respect to clinical and standard echocardiographic data.

Conclusions
In athletes abusing steroids, STE analysis showed an impaired RV systolic deformation, closely associated with reduced functional capacity during physical effort, and—during exercise—more pulmonary congestion.
Nitric oxide determines the development of actinomycetoma byNocardia brasiliensisin eNOS knockout C57BL/6 mice
Authors: Vazquez-Marmolejo Anna V , Lopez-Lopez Nallely , Ascacio-Martinez Jorge A , Valadez-Calderon Jose G , Espinoza-Martinez Pablo E , Salinas-Carmona Mario C 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTMycetoma is a chronic human infectious disease that produces severe deformation frequently in the lower extremities. Etiological agents include fungi (eumycetoma) and bacteria (actinomycetoma) that produce similar clinical and microscopic changes. The clinical appearance includes swelling, abscesses, ulcers, scars and sinuses that drain purulent material with microbe microcolonies. The pathogenesis of actinomycetoma has been studied mainly in rodents. Using this approach, it was found that Nocardia brasiliensis produces proteases that may play a role in tissue damage, as well as immunosuppressive molecules, such as brasilicardin A. Nitric oxide (NO) is a molecule with biological activities depending on its local concentration. Its effect on killing intracellular bacteria such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been known for decades. NO plays an important role in innate and adaptive immunity. It can promote or suppress some biological activities despite its short half-ife. NO is produced by three different nitric oxide synthases (NOS). We used the genetic blockade of eNOS in C57BL/6 mice to demonstrate the role of NO in actinomycetoma development. Inflammation and actinomycetoma were prevented in genetically modified mice infected with N. brasiliensis. T cell proliferation was increased in these rodents, and antibody production, IL-6 and IL-10 expression were similar and TNF-α was lower.