bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel method of identifying inner ear malformation types by pattern recognition in the mid modiolar section
Authors: Dhanasingh Anandhan , Erpenbeck Daniel , Assadi Masoud Zoka , Doyle Úna , Roland Peter , Hagr Abdulrahman , Van Rompaey Vincent , Van de Heyning Paul 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIdentification of the inner ear malformation types from radiographs is a complex process. We hypothesize that each inner ear anatomical type has a uniqueness in its appearance in radiographs. The outer contour of the inner ear was captured from the mid-modiolar section, perpendicular to the oblique-coronal plane, from which the A-value was determined from CT scans with different inner ear anatomical types. The mean A-value of normal anatomy (NA) and enlarged vestibular aqueduct syndrome (EVAS) anatomical types was greater than for Incomplete Partition (IP) type I, II, III and cochlear hypoplasia. The outer contour of the cochlear portion within the mid-modiolar section of NA and EVAS resembles the side view of Aladdin’s lamp; IP type I resembles the side-view of the Sphinx pyramid and type II a Pomeranian dog’s face. The steep spiraling cochlear turns of IP type III resemble an Auger screw tip. Drawing a line parallel to the posterior margin of internal auditory canal (IAC) in axial-view, bisecting the cavity into cochlear and vestibular portions, identifies common-cavity; whereas a cavity that falls under the straight-line leaving no cochlear portion identifies cochlear aplasia. An atlas of the outer contour of seventy-eight inner ears was created for the identification of the inner malformation types precisely.
Prime factorization using quantum variational imaginary time evolution
Authors: Selvarajan Raja , Dixit Vivek , Cui Xingshan , Humble Travis S. , Kais Sabre 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe road to computing on quantum devices has been accelerated by the promises that come from using Shor’s algorithm to reduce the complexity of prime factorization. However, this promise hast not yet been realized due to noisy qubits and lack of robust error correction schemes. Here we explore a promising, alternative method for prime factorization that uses well-established techniques from variational imaginary time evolution. We create a Hamiltonian whose ground state encodes the solution to the problem and use variational techniques to evolve a state iteratively towards these prime factors. We show that the number of circuits evaluated in each iteration scales as $$O(n^{5}d)$$

O
(

n
5

d
)

, where n is the bit-length of the number to be factorized and d is the depth of the circuit. We use a single layer of entangling gates to factorize 36 numbers represented using 7, 8, and 9-qubit Hamiltonians. We also verify the method’s performance by implementing it on the IBMQ Lima hardware to factorize 55, 65, 77 and 91 which are greater than the largest number (21) to have been factorized on IBMQ hardware.
Sensitive detection of tamsulosin hydrochloride based on dual-emission ratiometric fluorescence probe consisting of amine-carbon quantum dots and rhodamine B
Authors: Mousavi Aida , Zare-Dorabei Rouholah , Mosavi Seyed Hossein 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this work, amine-carbon quantum dots (CQDs)/rhodamine B (RhB) ratiometric fluorescent (RF) sensor was employed for effective and selective determination of tamsulosin hydrochloride (TMS) based on a dual-emission fluorescence system. Although the function of amine-CQDs is to transfer the specific interaction between TMS and sensor into detectable fluorescence (FL) signals, RhB as a reference unit has been employed to omit internal and external effects. The FL signal was quenched by adding the TMS at 442 nm; nevertheless, it did not change at 569 nm. The material characterization and investigation of the sensing mechanism were done. The optimization of pH, the volumetric ratio of CQDs to RhB, and interaction time parameters were carried out by the one-variable-at-a-time (OVAT) method. The quantitative analysis of the concentration of TMS for this RF sensor in a linear range of 0.446–7.083 μg mL−1 (1.091–17.338 μM) was obtained (R2 = 0.9969, n = 3) under optimum conditions. The limit of detection and quantitation values were estimated to be 0.033 μg mL−1 (0.081 μM) and 0.109 μg mL−1 (0.267 μM), respectively. The repeatability of intra-day and inter-day were less than one percent. This inexpensive RF probe was well applied to determine TMS in biological fluids, and acceptable achievements were obtained.
ANXA2 is correlated with the molecular features and clinical prognosis of glioma, and acts as a potential marker of immunosuppression
Authors: Ma Kaiming , Chen Xin , Liu Weihai , Yang Yang , Chen Suhua , Sun Jianjun , Ma Changcheng , Wang Tao , Yang Jun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRecent studies have shown that ANXA2 is important in the development of many cancers, while its role in glioma-related immune response remains unclear. We aimed to comprehensively investigate its biological characteristics and clinical value in glioma. We analyzed 699 glioma samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas as training cohort and 325 samples from the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas as validation cohort. All the statistical analyses and figures were generated with R. ANXA2 was overexpressed significantly in high-grade glioma, isocitrate dehydrogenase wild-type and mesenchymal-subtype glioma. ANXA2 was a special indicator of mesenchymal subtype. The survival analysis showed that highly-expressed ANXA2 was related to worse survival status as an independent factor of poor prognosis. Further gene ontology analysis showed that ANXA2 was mainly involved in immune response and inflammatory activities of glioma. Subsequent correlation analysis showed that ANXA2 was positively correlated with HCK, LCK, MHC II, STAT1 and interferon but negatively with IgG. Meanwhile, ANXA2 was positively related to the infiltration of tumor-related macrophages, regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Our study revealed that ANXA2 is a biomarker closely related to the malignant phenotype and poor prognosis of glioma, and plays an important role in immune response, inflammatory activity and immunosuppression.
Prediction of severe adverse events, modes of action and drug treatments for COVID-19’s complications
Authors: Astore Courtney , Zhou Hongyi , Jacob Joshy , Skolnick Jeffrey 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFollowing SARS-CoV-2 infection, some COVID-19 patients experience severe host driven adverse events. To treat these complications, their underlying etiology and drug treatments must be identified. Thus, a novel AI methodology MOATAI-VIR, which predicts disease-protein-pathway relationships and repurposed FDA-approved drugs to treat COVID-19’s clinical manifestations was developed. SARS-CoV-2 interacting human proteins and GWAS identified respiratory failure genes provide the input from which the mode-of-action (MOA) proteins/pathways of the resulting disease comorbidities are predicted. These comorbidities are then mapped to their clinical manifestations. To assess each manifestation’s molecular basis, their prioritized shared proteins were subject to global pathway analysis. Next, the molecular features associated with hallmark COVID-19 phenotypes, e.g. unusual neurological symptoms, cytokine storms, and blood clots were explored. In practice, 24/26 of the major clinical manifestations are successfully predicted. Three major uncharacterized manifestation categories including neoplasms are also found. The prevalence of neoplasms suggests that SARS-CoV-2 might be an oncovirus due to shared molecular mechanisms between oncogenesis and viral replication. Then, repurposed FDA-approved drugs that might treat COVID-19’s clinical manifestations are predicted by virtual ligand screening of the most frequent comorbid protein targets. These drugs might help treat both COVID-19’s severe adverse events and lesser ones such as loss of taste/smell.
Thermodynamic stability, in-vitro permeability, and in-silico molecular modeling of the optimal Elaeis guineensis leaves extract water-in-oil nanoemulsion
Authors: Romes Nissha Bharrathi , Abdul Wahab Roswanira , Abdul Hamid Mariani , Oyewusi Habeebat Adekilekun , Huda Nurul , Kobun Rovina 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNanoemulsion is a delivery system used to enhance bioavailability of plant-based compounds across the stratum corneum. Elaeis guineensis leaves are rich source of polyphenolic antioxidants, viz. gallic acid and catechin. The optimal E. guineensis leaves extract water-in-oil nanoemulsion was stable against coalescence, but it was under significant influence of Ostwald ripening over 90 days at 25 °C. The in-vitro permeability revealed a controlled and sustained release of the total phenolic compounds (TPC) of EgLE with a cumulative amount of 1935.0 ± 45.7 µgcm−2 after 8 h. The steady-state flux and permeation coefficient values were 241.9 ± 5.7 µgcm−2 h−1 and 1.15 ± 0.03 cm.h−1, respectively. The kinetic release mechanism for TPC of EgLE was best described by the Korsmeyer–Peppas model due to the highest linearity of R2 = 0.9961, indicating super case II transport mechanism. The in-silico molecular modelling predicted that the aquaporin-3 protein in the stratum corneum bonded preferably to catechin over gallic acid through hydrogen bonds due to the lowest binding energies of − 57.514 kcal/mol and − 8.553 kcal/mol, respectively. Thus, the in-silico study further verified that catechin could improve skin hydration. Therefore, the optimal nanoemulsion could be used topically as moisturizer to enhance skin hydration based on the in-silico prediction.
Antimicrobial resistance in colonizing group B Streptococcus among pregnant women from a hospital in Vietnam
Authors: Van Du Vu , Dung Pham Thai , Toan Nguyen Linh , Van Mao Can , Bac Nguyen Thanh , Van Tong Hoang , Son Ho Anh , Thuan Nghiem Duc , Viet Nguyen Thanh 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFew studies have been conducted on group B Streptococcus (GBS) in Vietnam. We determined the GBS colonization and antimicrobial resistance vaginal-rectal profile of 3863 Vietnamese pregnant women over 5 years. Maternal GBS colonization was characterized by antibiotic susceptibility. Overall, the GBS colonization rate was 8.02% (95% CI: 7.20–8.94%). Compared to sampling ≥ 35 weeks of gestation, the GBS colonization rate was statistically higher (p = 0.004) with sampling < 35 weeks. Among 272 antimicrobial susceptibility testing isolates, all were susceptible to ampicillin, penicillin, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, vancomycin, and quinupristin/dalfopristin. Resistance was highest for tetracycline (89.66%), followed by erythromycin (76.23%) and clindamycin (58.21%). Multidrug resistance and resistance to ≥ 6 different antibiotics were 60.66% and 8.82%, respectively. Resistance to clindamycin but not erythromycin (L phenotype) was 2.2%. The clindamycin resistance rate was significantly increased (p = 0.005) during the study period. These data demonstrate a low rate of maternal GBS colonization. The high rate of erythromycin, clindamycin, and multidrug resistance to GBS that can be transmitted to neonates is an important risk factor to consider. β-lactams continue to be appropriate for first-line treatment and prophylaxis in the study area. Ongoing monitoring should be considered in the future.
Why animals swirl and how they group
Authors: Nuzhin Egor E. , Panov Maxim E. , Brilliantov Nikolai V. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe report a possible solution for the long-standing problem of the biological function of swirling motion, when a group of animals orbits a common center of the group. We exploit the hypothesis that learning processes in the nervous system of animals may be modelled by reinforcement learning (RL) and apply it to explain the phenomenon. In contrast to hardly justified models of physical interactions between animals, we propose a small set of rules to be learned by the agents, which results in swirling. The rules are extremely simple and thus applicable to animals with very limited level of information processing. We demonstrate that swirling may be understood in terms of the escort behavior, when an individual animal tries to reside within a certain distance from the swarm center. Moreover, we reveal the biological function of swirling motion: a trained for swirling swarm is by orders of magnitude more resistant to external perturbations, than an untrained one. Using our approach we analyze another class of a coordinated motion of animals—a group locomotion in viscous fluid. On a model example we demonstrate that RL provides an optimal disposition of coherently moving animals with a minimal dissipation of energy.
Fish can use hydrostatic pressure to determine their absolute depth
Authors: Davis Victoria A. , Holbrook Robert I. , de Perera Theresa Burt 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHydrostatic pressure is a global cue that varies linearly with depth which could provide crucial spatial information for fish navigating vertically; however, whether fish can determine their depth using hydrostatic pressure has remained unknown. Here we show that Mexican tetras (Astyanax mexicanus) can learn the depth of a food site and consistently return to it with high fidelity using only hydrostatic pressure as a cue. Further, fish shifted their search location vertically as predicted if using pressure alone to signal depth. This study uncovers new sensory information available to fish which allows them to resolve their absolute depth on a fine scale.
Belastung und Beanspruchung in der stationären Altenpflege – Eine Analyse als Grundlage in der betrieblichen Gesundheitsförderung
Authors: Huber Gerhard , Köppel Maximilian , Peters Stefan 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungDurch den demografischen Wandel und die alternde Gesellschaft stehen die bereits jetzt schon durch Fachkräftemangel gezeichneten Pflegeberufe vor einer stetig wachsenden Herausforderung. Hinzu kommt, dass Pflegekräfte im Vergleich mit den Durchschnittswerten anderer Branchen geringere Verweildauern in ihrem Beruf, überdurchschnittlich viele Arbeitsunfähigkeitstage sowie einen um 40% höheren Krankenstand berichten. Dies sind alles Indikatoren dafür, dass Pflegekräfte einer hohen körperlichen wie psychischen Belastung ausgesetzt sind. Studiendaten bestätigen diese Schlussfolgerung, wonach Pflegekräfte mit 2,5 MET etwa den doppelten Energieverbrauch aufweisen wie Menschen in sitzenden Berufen (1,3 MET). Auch hinsichtlich der Bewegungsqualität sind die Pflegeberufe fordernd, so gibt die Mehrheit der Pflegekräfte an, regelmäßig Lasten von mehr als 20 kg heben zu müssen und derartigen Belastungen über Jahre ausgesetzt zu sein. Damit Pflegekräfte dem begegnen können, ohne sich selbst zu überbeanspruchen, sollte ihre Resilienz durch Maßnahmen zur betrieblichen Gesundheitsförderung gestärkt werden. Dank des Pflegepersonalstärkungsgesetzes liegt seit 2019 ein Statement seitens der Bundesregierung vor, wodurch dieser Forderung proaktiv begegnet werden kann.
Phase change of Ge2Sb2Te5 under terahertz laser illumination
Authors: Zhou Kang , Nan Junyi , Shen Jiabin , Li Ziping , Cao J. C. , Song Zhitang , Zhu Min , He Boqu , Yan Ming , Zeng Heping , Li Hua 
Published: October 2021

Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) is the typical phase change material (PCM) that can reversibly transform between the amorphous (a) and crystalline (c) states. Because the optical properties are phase-dependent, GST has been widely used in various photonic applications, such as optical switches and non-volatile memories. Currently, the photonic applications of the GST PCM have been demonstrated by employing lasers in visible and infrared wavelengths. Extending the photonic applications into other wavelengths is much demanded. Here, we investigate the phase change of the GST material illuminated by using a terahertz quantum cascade laser emitting around 2.5 THz. A finite-element simulation is employed to study the temperature and transmission changes induced by terahertz irradiation. It reveals that the phase change can be achieved and the transmission is reduced by 30% when the GST material is irradiated by the 2.5 THz laser light. Furthermore, a z-scan technique experimentally presents the phase change behaviors of GST illuminated by the terahertz light, which is visually proved by transmission electron microscopy. Our work paves a way for the applications of GST materials in the terahertz optical components, e.g., modulators and switches.
Excitonic effect in black phosphorus oxides
Authors: Chi Longxing , Lee Ming-Hsien , Chu Ta-Ya , Tao Ye 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) few-layer black phosphorus (BP) with extraordinary electronic and optical properties is an excellent candidate for optoelectronic applications. However, rapid surface oxidation under ambient environment significantly restricts its practicability. Here, we investigate excitonic effect in few-layer BP oxides via first-principle calculation and effective mass approximation. Influence of layer numbers and degree of oxidation on exciton binding energy (EBE) is discussed in detail for the first time. It is found that EBE in BP oxides decreases exponentially with increasing sample thickness and becomes almost oxygen independent over six layers with values similar to that of pristine BP. Instead, oxidation alters excitation probability of excitons in few-layer BP via a direct/indirect bandgap transition.
Serotonin electrochemical detection in tomatoes at MWCNT-AONP nanocomposite modified electrode
Authors: Motsaathebe Pholoso C , Fayemi Omolola E 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This work reports on the successful synthesis of antimony oxide nanoparticles (AONPs) by hydrothermal method, acid treatment of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (f-MWCNTs), and fabrication of a MWCNT-AONP nanocomposite on screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCE) to detect serotonin (5-HT) in tomatoes. The synthesized nanomaterials were all characterized with x-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The electro-analytic and electrocatalytic experiments were performed utilizing square wave voltammetry (SWV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) methods. The SPCE-MWCNT-AONP modified electrodes showed better electron transport and improved current response towards detection of 5-HT when compared to other electrodes studied. The current response decreased in this manner, the SPCE-MWCNT-AONP (84.13 μA) > SPCE-fMWCNTs (33.49 μA) > SPCE-AONPs (24.40 μA) > SPCE-bare (2.89 μA). The sensitivity, limit of detection (LoD) and limit of quantification (LoQ) for the SPCE-MWCNT-AONP modified electrode towards 5-HT detection was 0.2863 μA μM−1, 24 .6 nM, and 74 nM respectively, with linearity from 0.016–0.166 μM (R2 = 0.9851) utilizing SWV. The acquired LoD value for the proposed sensor compared favorably with other chemically modified electrodes from literature. Furthermore, the proposed sensor showed good reproducibility and excellent anti-interference behavior. Real-sample analysis of 5-HT in tomatoes showed excellent recoveries ranging from 91.32 to 108.28%, with an average RSD (%) value of 2.57 (n = 3). The obtained results strongly suggest that the proposed novel sensor could be applicable in diagnosing point-of-care diseases and therapeutics.
NAA80 bi-allelic missense variants result in high-frequency hearing loss, muscle weakness and developmental delay
Authors: Muffels Irena J J , Wiame Elsa , Fuchs Sabine A , Massink Maarten P G , Rehmann Holger , Musch Jiska L I , Van Haaften Gijs , Vertommen Didier , van Schaftingen Emile , van Hasselt Peter M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The recent identification of NAA80/NAT6 as the enzyme that acetylates actins generated new insight into the process of post-translational actin modifications; however, the role of NAA80 in human physiology and pathology has not been clarified yet. We report two individuals from a single family harbouring a homozygous c.389T&gt;C, p.(Leu130Pro) NAA80 genetic variant. Both individuals show progressive high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss, craniofacial dysmorphisms, developmental delay and mild proximal and axial muscle weakness. Based on the molecular structure, we predicted and confirmed the NAA80 c.389T&gt;C, p.(Leu130Pro) variant to result in protein destabilization, causing severely decreased NAA80 protein availability. Concurrently, individuals exhibited a ∼50% decrease of actin acetylation. NAA80 individual derived fibroblasts and peripheral blood mononuclear cells showed increased migration, increased filopodia counts and increased levels of polymerized actin, in agreement with previous observations in NAA80 knock-out cells. Furthermore, the significant clinical overlap between NAA80 individuals and individuals with pathogenic variants in several actin subtypes reflects the general importance of controlled actin dynamics for the inner ear, brain and muscle. Taken together, we describe a new syndrome, caused by NAA80 genetic variants leading to decreased actin acetylation and disrupted associated molecular functions. Our work suggests a crucial role for NAA80-mediated actin dynamics in neuronal health, muscle health and hearing.
The birth hour of mammals: insights from intra-specific variation in wild blue monkeys
Authors: Cords Marina , Gometz Emma 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
While most mammals show birth hour peaks at times of the 24-h cycle when they are less active, there are exceptions to this general pattern. Such exceptions have been little explored, but may clarify evolutionary reasons for the diel timing of births. We investigated intraspecific variation in birth hour in wild blue monkeys Cercopithecus mitis stuhlmanni, a diurnal primate, to identify factors that differentiated daytime versus nighttime births. Behavioral and life history data from 14 groups over 14 years revealed that 4% of 484 births occurred during the day. Probability of daytime birth varied with mother’s age, peaking at 15.7 years. Births whose annual timing deviated most from the population’s peak birth months were 5 times more likely to occur during daytime than those that deviated less. There was no evidence that mother’s rank or infant sex influenced birth hour, and mixed evidence that daytime births were more probable in larger groups. Survivorship did not differ significantly for infants born during the day versus night. Prime-aged mothers may be able to handle the consequences of an unusual birth hour more successfully than mothers with less experience or those weakened by age. Daytime birth may be more advantageous in the off-season because nights are colder at that time of year. These findings are consistent with hypotheses relating birth hour to the risk of losing social protection in group-living animals, but are not consistent with those emphasizing risk of conspecific harassment. Patterns of within-species variation can help in evaluating evolutionary hypotheses for non-random birth hour.