bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mangrove horseshoe crab (Carcinoscorpius rotundicaudaLatreille, 1802) populations reveal genetic break in Strait of Malacca, with connectivity along southern coasts of Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Fairuz‐Fozi Nur , Triest Ludwig , Mat Zauki Nurul Ashikin , Kaben Anne Marie , Nelson Bryan Raveen , Chatterji Anil , Akhir Mohd Fadzil , Satyanarayana Behara , Dahdouh‐Guebas Farid 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe mangrove horseshoe crab,Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda, has divergent populations between the east and west coasts of Peninsular Malaysia, with the southern coast acting as a land barrier. The actual position of such a genetic break along Peninsular Malaysia as well as the connectivity status of the southernmostC. rotundicaudapopulations with east and west coast populations remain unexplored, however.The aim was to investigate the genetic diversity and structure ofC. rotundicaudapopulations from the west (Kuala Sepetang in State Perak), east (Balok in State Pahang), and southern (Pendas in State Johor) coasts of Peninsular Malaysia. Haemolymph samples from adultC. rotundicaudaspecimens (n = 152) and eggs from their freshly deposited nests (n = 190) were collected monthly (from January 2016 to January 2017) for the sequencing of mitochondrial cytochrome coxidase subunit I (COI).Gene isolates ofC. rotundicaudafrom the present study were compared with National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) GenBank sequences to cover most of the range of the species in Asia. A neighbour‐joining tree strongly supported two clades, separating the west‐coast populations from the south‐ and east‐coast populations, with further substructure patterns.Both haplotype network and barrier analyses revealed a genetic break within the Strait of Malacca instead of the southern tip of Peninsular Malaysia. The southernmost samples from the Strait of Johor formed a haplotypic diverse gene pool that appeared only as a subclade of the eastern populations. In a detailed haplotype network of 347 individuals, individuals with similarCOIsequences indicate connectivity betweenC. rotundicaudaon the east andC. rotundicaudaon south and south west of Peninsular Malaysia.Overall, the genetic break betweenC. rotundicaudapopulations is better explained by the convergent ocean currents and available mangrove habitats on the west coast (i.e. Strait of Malacca), rather than the point of the Malay Peninsula acting as a land barrier alone.
Functional Group‐induced p‐Doping of MoS2 by Titanium(IV) Bis(ammonium lactato) Dihydroxide Physisorption
Authors: Liu Yeru , Wang Guangzhao , Luo Fang , Li Huimin , Zhu Mengjian , Liu Xiaochi , Yang Shengyuan A. , Liu Song 
Published: May 2021

AbstractP‐type doping is of critical importance for the realization of certain high‐performance electrical and optoelectronic devices based on molybdenum disulfide (MoS2). Charge transfer doping is a feasible strategy for tuning the conductance properties via facile treatment. In this work, the electrical properties of few‐layer MoS2 were modulated with titanium(IV) bis(ammonium lactato) dihydroxide molecules (denoted as TALH) via physisorption. The functional groups such as electronegative hydroxyl (−OH) and carboxylate groups (−COO) included in TALH molecules are expected to induce p‐doping effect through surface charge transfer when being attached to MoS2. The p‐doping is proved by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) with the downshift of Mo 3d and S 2p peaks. Control experiments and density functional theory calculations validate that the p‐type doping mainly originated from the −OH group in TALH, which drew electrons from MoS2. These results suggest that functional group‐mediated p‐doping effect show a path to modulate the carrier transition in MoS2, and enrich the molecule series for device modification.
Social attention as a cross‐cultural transdiagnostic neurodevelopmental risk marker
Authors: Frazier Thomas W. , Uljarevic Mirko , Ghazal Iman , Klingemier Eric W. , Langfus Joshua , Youngstrom Eric A. , Aldosari Mohammed , Al‐Shammari Hawraa , El‐Hag Saba , Tolefat Mohamed , Ali Mogahed , Al‐Shaban Fouad A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe primary objectives of this study were to evaluate the structure and age‐related stability of social attention in English and Arabic‐speaking youth and to compare social attention between children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), other developmental disabilities (DD), and typically‐developing controls. Eye‐tracking data were collected from US (N = 270) and Qatari (N = 242) youth ages 1–17, including children evaluated for possible ASD. Participants viewed 44 stimuli from seven social paradigms. Fixation was computed for areas of interest within each stimulus. Latent variable models examined the structure of social attention. Generalized estimating equation models examined the effect of age, sex, culture, and diagnostic group on social attention. The best‐fitting model included a general social attention factor and six specific factors. Cultural differences in social attention were minimal and social attention was stable across age (r = 0.03), but females showed significantly greater social attention than males (d = 0.28). Social attention was weaker in DD (d = −0.17) and lowest in ASD (d = −0.38) relative to controls. Differences were of sufficient magnitude across areas‐of‐interest to reliably differentiate DD from controls (AUC = 0.80) and ASD‐only from all other cases (AUC = 0.76). A social attention dimension that represents an early‐life preference for socially salient information was identified. This preference was cross‐culturally consistent and stable across development but stronger in females and weaker in DD, especially ASD. Given rapid and easy‐to‐collect remote eye tracking administration, social attention measurement may be useful for developmental monitoring. Acquisition of population norms, analogous to height/weight/head circumference, might enhance early screening and tracking of neurodevelopment.Lay SummaryThis research found that social attention is a single dimension of behavior that represents a strong preference for social stimuli, is consistent across cultures, stable across age, and stronger in females. Children with developmental disabilities had lower levels of social attention than neurotypical children and children with autism spectrum disorder had the lowest levels of social attention.
Characterization of the gas dispersion behavior of multiple impeller stages by flow regime analysis and CFD simulations
Authors: Bernauer Sören , Schöpf Mathias , Eibl Philipp , Witz Christian , Khinast Johannes , Hardiman Timo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMultiple impeller reactors are widely used due to their advanced gas utilization and an increased volumetric mass transfer coefficient. However, with the application of Rushton impellers, gas dispersion efficiency varies between the bottom and the upper impeller levels. The present study analyzes the individual flow regime, power input, and gas hold‐up in each compartment of a reactor equipped with four Rushton impellers. The results indicate that the pre‐dispersion of the air introduced by the bottom impeller (up to 80%) plays a key role in a better gas retention efficiency of the upper impellers (>300%) and leads to a shift of the cavity and flooding lines in the flow map (Fr‐ vs Fl‐Number) of the upper impellers. A novel analysis of the bubble flow in the dispersed state via a two‐phase LES‐based CFD model reveals that a more homogenous distribution of air bubbles in the upper compartments leads to high compartment gas hold‐up values, but fewer bubbles in the vicinity of the impellers. The measured and simulated data of this study indicate that the upper impellers’ efficiency mostly depends on the flow regime of and the pre‐dispersion by the bottom impeller rather than on the upper impellers’ flow regimes. These results contribute to the understanding of essential mixing processes and scaling of aerated bioreactors.
Promoter engineering‐mediated Tuning of esterase and transaminase expression for the chemoenzymatic synthesis of sitagliptin phosphate at the kilogram‐scale
Authors: Khobragade Taresh P. , Yu Seongseon , Jung Hyunsang , Patil Mahesh D. , Sarak Sharad , Pagar Amol D. , Jeon Hyunwoo , Lee Somin , Giri Pritam , Kim Geon‐Hee , Cho Sung‐Su , Park Seong‐Hwa , Park Hye‐Jung , Kang Heung M. , Lee Sung R. , Lee Myeong S. , Kim Jeong H. , Choi In S. , Yun Hyungdon 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHere, we report a bienzymatic cascade to produce β‐amino acids as an intermediate for the synthesis of the leading oral antidiabetic drug, sitagliptin. A whole‐cell biotransformation using recombinant Escherichia coli coexpressing a esterase and transaminase were developed, wherein the desired expression level of each enzyme was achieved by promotor engineering. The small‐scale reactions (30 ml) performed under optimized conditions at varying amounts of substrate (100–300 mM) resulted in excellent conversions of 82%–95% for the desired product. Finally, a kilogram‐scale enzymatic reaction (250 mM substrate, 220 L) was carried out to produce β‐amino acid (229 mM). Sitagliptin phosphate was chemically synthesized from β‐amino acids with 82% yield and > 99% purity.
Biocatalytic synthesis of dihydroxy fatty acids as lipid mediators from polyunsaturated fatty acids by double dioxygenation of the microbial 12S‐lipoxygenase
Authors: Kim Tae‐Hun , Lee Jin , Kim Su‐Eun , Oh Deok‐Kun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLeukotrienes (LTs) and maresins (MaRs) are human lipid mediators (LMs) involved in immune response and anti‐inflammation, respectively. These compounds and their isomers are generated in trace amounts by lipoxygenases (LOXs) in human macrophages and neutrophils. These LMs have been synthesized using nonenvironmentally benign synthetic protocols, which are expensive. 8S‐ and 15S‐LOXs with double dioxygenating activities have previously been reported, whereas 12S‐LOX with double dioxygenating activity have not been reported to date. Here, we discovered a wild‐type 12S‐LOX with double dioxygenating activity from the bacterium Endozoicomonas numazuensis, which produced dihydroxy fatty acids (DiHFAs) as LMs from polyunsaturated fatty acids via double dioxygenation. The enzyme activity for producing DiHFA was approximately 550‐fold higher than that of mammalian LOX with double dioxygenating activity. The microbial 12S‐LOX converted 3.00 mM of arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid to 2.37 mM (797 mg/L) 6‐trans‐8‐cis‐12S‐epimer of LTB4, 1.59 mM (532 mg/L) 6‐trans‐8‐cis‐12S‐epimer of LTB5, 1.35 mM (498 mg/L) 10‐cis‐12‐trans‐7S‐epimer of MaR1n‐3 DPA, and 1.54 mM (555 mg/L) 10‐cis‐12‐trans‐7S‐epimer of MaR1 within 2 h, which were 5.3‐, 7.6‐, 3.1‐, and 5.5‐fold higher than those biosynthesized by the previously reported microbial engineered 12S‐LOX with double dioxygenating activity, respectively. These findings contribute to the efficient and environmentally friendly biosynthesis of LMs and stimulate physiological study on LMs.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of CaMn2O4·xH2O Nanorods as Co‐Catalysts on GaN Nanowire Photoanode
Authors: Bae Hyojung , Kim Hyunggu , Burungale Vishal , Min Jung‐Wook , Cha An‐na , Rho Hokyun , Ryu Sang‐Wan , Kang Soon Hyung , Ha Jun‐Seok 
Published: May 2021

Co‐catalysts play a crucial role in photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting reactions by improving slow kinetics and reducing surface recombination, thereby enhancing PEC performance. However, achieving a well‐defined interface between low‐dimensional semiconductors and co‐catalysts is challenging due to difficulties in depositing a uniform co‐catalyst layer and attaining mixed and disordered states. CaMn2O4·xH2O has been extensively studied for the purpose of decreasing the overpotential in the oxygen evolution reaction. In this study, CaMn2O4·xH2O was synthesized via a hydrothermal method, and loaded onto a GaN nanowire (NW) photoanode. Optimized CaMn2O4·xH2O layers were decorated on GaN NWs to create CaMn2O4@GaN, which delivered a maximum photocurrent of 0.4 mA/cm2 at 0 V vs. the Ag/AgCl reference electrode under an AM 1.5 G solar simulator, 1.6‐fold higher than that (0.25 mA/cm2) of bare GaN NWs. Thus, highly efficient and stable PEC water splitting was achieved on the GaN NW photoanode.
Writing python programs to map alleles related to genetic disease
Authors: Allbee Quinn , Barber Robert 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBiology is a data‐driven discipline facilitated greatly by computer programming skills. This article describes an introductory experiential programming activity that can be integrated into distance learning environments. Students are asked to develop their own Python programs to identify the nature of alleles linked to disease. This activity effectively engages students in a problem solving exercise that provides an opportunity for application of basic programming skills as well as understanding eukaryotic gene structure. We provide sets of mapped alleles for two well‐known genes, CFTR and HFE, as well as a suite of relevant Python programs to achieve these outcomes or allow subsequent exercise modifications.
Development and evaluation of a novelty single‐step cleanup followed by HPLC‐QTRAP‐MS/MS for rapid analysis of tricaine, tetracaine, and bupivacaine in fish samples
Authors: Mu Shuhe , Wang Chunyu , Liu Huan , Han Gang , Wu Lidong , Li Jincheng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA novelty single‐step cleanup method combined with HPLC coupled with triple quadrupole‐linear ion trap MS/MS (HPLC‐QTRAP‐MS/MS) was developed for the analysis of tricaine, tetracaine, and bupivacaine in fish tissue. The target analytes were extracted using acetonitrile based on the modified QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method under ultrasound irradiation. A cheap analytical filtration syringe (CAFS) cleanup column for single‐step purification was proposed first; 300 mg of primary/secondary amino was proposed as the optimum purification sorbent; 1 mL of acetonitrile extract was transferred into a CAFS cleanup column and purified for analysis using HPLC‐QTRAP‐MS/MS. The limits of detection and the limits of quantification were 2.0 and 5.0 μg kg−1, respectively. The recoveries were in the range of 88.73–108.72%. Inter‐day and intra‐day relative standard deviations were lower than 15% for all analytes. The developed method has been applied to measure real samples obtained from the local market.
Centrally acting anticholinergic drug trihexyphenidyl is highly effective in reducing nightmares associated with post‐traumatic stress disorder
Authors: Sogo Katsumasa , Sogo Masanobu , Okawa Yoshie 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionFollowing a case study on scopolamine butyl bromide, an anticholinergic drug, we studied the effect of a central anticholinergic drug on post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)‐related flashbacks and nightmares.MethodsWe administered trihexyphenidyl (TP) to 34 patients with refractory PTSD‐related nightmares and flashbacks (open‐label trial [n = 22]; single‐blind trial [n = 12]), who had previously received psychiatric treatment for approximately 2–15 years, without therapeutic benefits. The effect of TP was determined using the Clinician‐Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) and the Impact of Event Scale‐Revised (IES‐R).ResultsOverall, most patients reported an improvement to none or mild on the CAPS for nightmares (88%) and flashbacks (79%).ConclusionThis study is the first to demonstrate the potential efficacy of TP in the treatment of refractory PTSD‐related nightmares and flashbacks. Further double‐blind, randomized control trials are needed to explore the potential clinical benefits of TP in PTSD.
Schizophrenia outcomes in the 21st century: A systematic review
Authors: Huxley Peter , Krayer Anne , Poole Rob , Prendergast Louise , Aryal Sanjaya , Warner Richard 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveWe report a review of outcomes in schizophrenia in the twenty‐first century, replicating and extending work undertaken by the late Richard Warner in his seminal book, “Recovery from Schizophrenia: Psychiatry and Political Economy” (1985;2004).MethodWarner's methods were followed as closely as possible. Only observational/naturalistic studies were included. Six scientific databases were searched from 2000 to 2020. 6,640 records were retrieved. 47 met inclusion criteria.ResultsOverall, complete recovery is higher in this study than in Warner's (37.75% cf 20.4%), especially for first episode psychosis (FEP) (57.1% cf 20.7%). Clinical recovery, annualized remission rate (ARR), and employment outcomes were significantly superior for first episode psychosis compared with multiple episode psychosis (MEP). ARR shows a trend toward reduction over time, from 2.2 before the financial crash of 2008 to 1.6 after (t = 1.85 df 40 p = .07). The decline is statistically significant for the MEP group (t = 2.32 df18 p = .03). There were no differences in outcome by region, sample characteristics, outcome measures used, or quality of studies. Heterogeneity of clinical outcome measures across the literature makes evidence synthesis difficult. Weak and inconsistent reporting of functional and employment outcomes mean that findings lack meaning with respect to lived experience.ConclusionFuture research strategies should aim to reduce heterogeneity in clinical outcome measures and to increase the emphasis on capture and reporting of more sophisticated measures of social and functional outcome. Outcome domains should be disaggregated rather than conflated into unitary recovery constructs.
The role of the HIF‐1α/ALYREF/PKM2 axis in glycolysis and tumorigenesis of bladder cancer
Authors: Wang Jing‐Zi , Zhu Wei , Han Jie , Yang Xiao , Zhou Rui , Lu Hong‐Cheng , Yu Hao , Yuan Wen‐Bo , Li Peng‐Chao , Tao Jun , Lu Qiang , Wei Ji‐Fu , Yang Haiwei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundAs a rate‐limiting enzyme of glycolysis, pyruvate kinase muscle isozyme M2 (PKM2) participates in tumor metabolism and growth. The regulatory network of PKM2 in cancer is complex and has not been fully studied in bladder cancer. The 5‐methylcytidine (m5C) modification in PKM2 mRNA might participate in the pathogenesis of bladder cancer and need to be further clarified. This study aimed to investigate the biological function and regulatory mechanism of PKM2 in bladder cancer.MethodsThe expression of PKM2 and Aly/REF export factor (ALYREF) was measured by Western blotting, qRT‐PCR, and immunohistochemistry. The bioprocesses of bladder cancer cells were demonstrated by a series of experiments in vitro and in vivo. RNA immunoprecipitation, RNA‐sequencing, and dual‐luciferase reporter assays were conducted to explore the potential regulatory mechanisms of PKM2 in bladder cancer.ResultsIn bladder cancer, we first demonstrated that ALYREF stabilized PKM2 mRNA and bound to its m5C sites in 3′‐untranslated regions. Overexpression of ALYREF promoted bladder cancer cell proliferation by PKM2‐mediated glycolysis. Furthermore, high expression of PKM2 and ALYREF predicted poor survival in bladder cancer patients. Finally, we found that hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1alpha (HIF‐1α) indirectly up‐regulated the expression of PKM2 by activating ALYREF in addition to activating its transcription directly.ConclusionsThe m5C modification in PKM2 mRNA in the HIF‐1α/ALYREF/PKM2 axis may promote the glucose metabolism of bladder cancer, providing a new promising therapeutic target for bladder cancer.
Transoral surgery for superficial head and neck cancer: National Multi‐Center Survey in Japan
Authors: Katada Chikatoshi , Muto Manabu , Fujii Satoshi , Yokoyama Tetsuji , Yano Tomonori , Watanabe Akihito , Iizuka Toshiro , Yoshinaga Shigetaka , Tateya Ichiro , Mitani Hiroki , Shimizu Yuichi , Takahashi Akiko , Kamijo Tomoyuki , Hanaoka Noboru , Abe Makoto , Shiotani Akihiro , Kano Koichi , Asada Yukinori , Matsuhashi Tamotsu , Umeno Hirohito , Okami Kenji , Goda Kenichi , Hori Shinichiro , Ono Yoichiro , Terai Shuji , Nagami Yasuaki , Takemura Kenichi , Kawada Kenro , Ando Mizuo , Shimeno Naoto , Arai Akihito , Sakamoto Yasutoshi , Ichinoe Masaaki , Nemoto Tetsuo , Fujita Masahiro , Watanabe Hidenobu , Shimoda Tadakazu , Ochiai Atsushi , Kato Takakuni , Hayashi Ryuichi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHead and neck cancers, especially in hypopharynx and oropharynx, are often detected at advanced stage with poor prognosis. Narrow band imaging enables detection of superficial cancers and transoral surgery is performed with curative intent. However, pathological evaluation and real‐world safety and clinical outcomes have not been clearly understood. The aim of this nationwide multicenter study was to investigate the safety and efficacy of transoral surgery for superficial head and neck cancer. We collected the patients with superficial head and neck squamous cell carcinoma who were treated by transoral surgery from 27 hospitals in Japan. Central pathology review was undertaken on all of the resected specimens. The primary objective was effectiveness of transoral surgery, and the secondary objective was safety including incidence and severity of adverse events. Among the 568 patients, a total of 662 lesions were primarily treated by 575 sessions of transoral surgery. The median tumor diameter was 12 mm (range 1–75) endoscopically. Among the lesions, 57.4% were diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma in situ. The median procedure time was 48 minutes (range 2–357). Adverse events occurred in 12.7%. Life‐threatening complications occurred in 0.5%, but there were no treatment‐related deaths. During a median follow‐up period of 46.1 months (range 1–113), the 3‐year overall survival rate, relapse‐free survival rate, cause‐specific survival rate, and larynx‐preservation survival rate were 88.1%, 84.4%, 99.6%, and 87.5%, respectively. Transoral surgery for superficial head and neck cancer offers effective minimally invasive treatment.Clinical trials registry number: UMIN000008276.
Identification of a glycolysis‐related gene signature associated with clinical outcome for patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Xu Ziming , Zhang Shiwei , Nian Fulai , Xu Shangyu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundLung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC), one of the main types of lung cancer, has caused a huge social burden. There has been no significant progress in its therapy in recent years, Resulting in a poor prognosis. This study aims to develop a glycolysis‐related gene signature to predict patients’ survival with LUSC and explore new therapeutic targets.MethodsWe obtained the mRNA expression and clinical information of 550 patients with LUSC from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Glycolysis genes were identified by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). The glycolysis‐related gene signature was established using the Cox regression analysis.ResultsWe developed five glycolysis‐related genes signature (HKDC1, AGL, ALDH7A1, SLC16A3, and MIOX) to calculate each patient's risk score. According to the risk score, patients were divided into high‐ and low‐risk groups and exhibited significant differences in overall survival (OS) between the two groups. The ROC curves showed that the AUC was 0.707 for the training cohort and 0.651 for the validation cohort. Additionally, the risk score was confirmed as an independent risk factor for LUSC patients by Cox regression analysis.ConclusionWe built a gene signature to clarify the connection between glycolysis and LUSC. This model performs well in evaluating patients’ survival with LUSC and provides new biomarkers for targeted therapy.