bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blockchain as a mean to secure Internet of Things ecosystems – a systematic literature review
Authors: El-Masri Mazen , Hussain Eiman Mutwali Abdelmageed 
Published: July 2021

PurposeBlockchain is evolving to become a platform for securing Internet of things (IoT) ecosystems. Still, challenges remain. The purpose of this literature review is to highlight the applicability of blockchain as a medium to secure IoT ecosystems. A two-dimensional framework anchored on (1) IoT layers and (2) security goals is used to organize the existent IoT security threats and their corresponding countermeasures identified in the reviewed literature. The framework helped in mapping the IoT security threats with the inherent features of blockchain and accentuate their prominence to IoT security.Design/methodology/approachAn approach integrating computerized natural language processing (NLP) with a systematic literature review methodology was adopted. A large corpus of 2,303 titles and abstracts of blockchain articles was programmatically analyzed in order to identify the relevant literature. The identified literature was subjected to a systematic review guided by a well-established method in IS research.FindingsThe literature evidently highlights the prominence of blockchain as a mean to IoT security due to the distinctive features it encompasses. The authors’ investigation revealed that numerous existent threats are better addressed with blockchain than conventional mechanisms. Nevertheless, blockchain consumes resources such as electricity, time, bandwidth and disk space at a rate that is not yet easily accessible to common IoT ecosystems.Research limitations/implicationsResults suggest that a configurational approach that aligns IoT security requirements with the resource requirements of different blockchain features is necessary in order to realize the proper balance between security, efficiency and feasibility.Practical implicationsPractitioners can make use of the classified lists of convention security mechanisms and the IoT threats they address. The framework can help underline the countermeasures that best achieve their security goals. Practitioners can also use the framework to identify the most important features to seek for in a blockchain technology that can help them achieve their security goals.Originality/valueThis study proposes a novel framework that can help classify IoT threats based on the IoT layer impacted and the security goal at risk. Moreover, it applies a combined man-machine approach to systematically analyze the literature.
Analyzing employee perspectives on the impact of COVID-19 on sustainable practices: a study of five-star hotels in India
Authors: Mehta Kamakshi , Sharma Shikha 
Published: July 2021

PurposeGiven the pace of global environmental degradation, companies and individuals alike are exploring ways and means of protecting the environment. In this context, the attitudes of hoteliers and their employees toward sustainability are key to the successful implementation of these practices. This paper aims to consider the impact of attitude development and COVID-19 on the sustainability performance of hotels. The study also explores contributions made by hotels to environmental sustainability and society more generally.Design/methodology/approachThe study is based on interviews and survey questionnaires completed by employees of five-star hotels in India, and qualitative methods were used to process the data.FindingsThe findings of this study confirm the devastating impact of COVID-19 on both economic and societal sustainability in what otherwise would be a profitable sector of the economy.Practical implicationsThe study has implications for hoteliers, the government, environmental agencies and for employees and could assist with the formulation of recovery packages by government and in the development of new standard operating procedures to enable hotels to step-up on the self-recovery path.Originality/valueThe paper provides an analysis of the direct effects of the pandemic on financial sustainability and its mediating impact on the efforts of hotels to attain sustainable environment.
Extraction of Cr from chrome containing leather waste to develop composite at optimum casting parameters using response surface methodology
Authors: Islam Anas , Dwivedi Shashi Prakash , Dwivedi Vijay Kumar 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to extract the Cr from chrome containing leather waste (CCLW) in order to develop composite at optimum casting parameters using RSM technique. Chrome containing leather wastes (CCLW) is one of the significant cause of pollution that is exhaled by the leather industries. One of the technique to address the problem of pollution that is created by CCLW is to recycle it and produce some fruitful results from it. This will not only minimize the levels of harmful emissions to some extent but also give some befitting results.

Design/methodology/approach
The current work is all about exploring the ways by which CCLW could be used as a reinforcing material with aluminum. In this work, alumina has been used as a secondary reinforcement particle together with CCLW as with the help of stir casting process. The parameters of stir casting have been optimized by using “Response Surface Methodology.”

Findings
To maximize the hardness and tensile strength the values of optimal input casting parameters as found by the experimental results (response surface methodology) are as follows: the pre-heating temperature of collagen and alumina must be 166 °C and 300 °C, respectively, while the wt.% of collagen and alumina present in the matrix must be 2.45% and 5% sequentially 180 s of stirring time.

Originality/value
The hardness of the finally tested composite is 67.12 BHN (approx) which has been enhanced by 52.54% as compared to the base material. Tensile strength of composite also enhanced about 18% with respect to base material developed at the optimum combination of casting parameters.
A computational review of the line integral analytical formulation of the polyhedral gravity signal
Authors: Tsoulis Dimitrios , Gavriilidou Georgia 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTThe generally shaped polyhedron is a widely used model in gravity field modelling and interpretation. Its induced gravity signal – gravitational potential and its derivatives up to second order – has been studied extensively in the geophysical literature. The class of solutions with special interest is the one which leads to closed analytical expressions, as these offer an exact representation of the gravity signal of finite three‐dimensional distributions while being at the same time linked to a flexible means of geometric modelling. Of the several mathematical algorithms available, the line integral approach involves no approximations and is, however, connected with certain singularities, occurring for specific relative positions of the computation point with respect to the polyhedral source. The present contribution analyses the algorithmic details of the polyhedral line integral approach focusing on its geometric and computational aspects. Following the definitions of the individual coordinate systems and the two‐step application of the Gauss divergence theorem for each face and polygonal boundary of the source, the geometric insight of the algorithm is presented, which permits a deeper understanding of the significance of the involved numerical singular terms. An overview of the line integral analytical approach for the polyhedral gravity signal is presented with emphasis on its geometric and computational aspects. Matlab code and results for the two considered case studies, a prismatic source and asteroid Eros, are provided as electronic supplement.
From farm to fork: Colistin voluntary withdrawal in Portuguese farms reflected in decreasing occurrence of mcr‐1‐carrying Enterobacteriaceae from chicken meat
Authors: Ribeiro Sofia , Mourão Joana , Novais Ângela , Campos Joana , Peixe Luísa , Antunes Patrícia 
Published: July 2021

SummaryExpansion of mcr‐carrying Enterobacteriaceae (MCR‐E) is a well‐recognized problem affecting animals, humans and the environment. Ongoing global control actions involve colistin restrictions among food‐animal production, but their impact on poultry‐derived products is largely unknown, justifying comprehensive farm‐to‐fork studies. Occurrence of MCR‐E among 53 chicken‐meat batches supplied from 29 Portuguese farms shortly after colistin withdrawal was evaluated. Strains (FT‐IR/MLST/WGS), mcr plasmids and their adaptive features were characterized by cultural, molecular and genomic approaches. We found high rates of chicken‐meat batches (80%–100% – 4 months; 12% – the last month) with multiple MDR + mcr‐1‐carrying Escherichia coli (Ec‐including ST117 and ST648‐Cplx) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kp‐ST147‐O5:K35) clones, some of them persisting over time. The mcr‐1 was located in the chromosome (Ec‐ST297/16‐farms) or dispersed IncX4 (Ec‐ST602/ST6469/5‐farms), IncHI2‐ST2/ST4 (Ec‐ST533/ST6469/5 farms and Kp‐ST147/6‐farms) or IncI2 (Ec‐ST117/1‐farm) plasmids. WGS revealed high load and diversity in virulence, antibiotic resistance and metal tolerance genes. This study supports colistin withdrawal potential efficacy in poultry production and highlights both poultry‐production chain as a source of mcr‐1 and the risk of foodborne transmission to poultry‐meat consumers. Finally, in the antibiotic reduction/replacement context, other potential co‐selective pressures (e.g., metals‐Cu as feed additives) need to be further understood to guide concerted, effective and durable actions under 'One Health' perspective.
Tree mycorrhizal type and tree diversity shape the forest soil microbiota
Authors: Singavarapu Bala , Beugnon Rémy , Bruelheide Helge , Cesarz Simone , Du Jianqing , Eisenhauer Nico , Guo Liang‐Dong , Nawaz Ali , Wang Yanfen , Xue Kai , Wubet Tesfaye 
Published: July 2021

SummaryThere is limited knowledge on how the association of trees with different mycorrhizal types shapes soil microbial communities in the context of changing tree diversity levels. We used arbuscular (AM) and ectomycorrhizal (EcM) tree species as con‐ and heterospecific tree species pairs (TSPs), which were established in plots of three tree diversity levels including monocultures, two‐species mixtures and multi‐tree species mixtures in a tree diversity experiment in subtropical China. We found that the tree mycorrhizal type had a significant effect on fungal but not bacterial alpha diversity. Furthermore, only EcM but not AM TSPs fungal alpha diversity increased with tree diversity, and the differences between AM and EcM TSPs disappeared in multi‐species mixtures. Tree mycorrhizal type, tree diversity and their interaction had significant effects on fungal community composition. Neither fungi nor bacteria showed any significant compositional variation in TSPs located in multi‐species mixtures. Accordingly, the most influential taxa driving the tree mycorrhizal differences at low tree diversity were not significant in multi‐tree species mixtures. Collectively, our results indicate that tree mycorrhizal type is an important factor determining the diversity and community composition of soil microbes, and higher tree diversity levels promote convergence of the soil microbial communities.Significance statementMore than 90% of terrestrial plants have symbiotic associations with mycorrhizal fungi which could influence the coexisting microbiota. Systematic understanding of the individual and interactive effects of tree mycorrhizal type and tree species diversity on the soil microbiota is crucial for the mechanistic comprehension of the role of microbes in forest soil ecological processes. Our tree species pair (TSP) concept coupled with random sampling within and across the plots, allowed us the unbiased assessment of tree mycorrhizal type and tree diversity effects on the tree‐tree interaction zone soil microbiota. Unlike in monocultures and two‐species mixtures, we identified species‐rich and converging fungal and bacterial communities in multi‐tree species mixtures. Consequently, we recommend planting species‐rich mixtures of EcM and AM trees, for afforestation and reforestation regimes. Specifically, our findings highlight the significance of tree mycorrhizal type in studying ‘tree diversity – microbial diversity – ecosystem function’ relationships.
Lexical Differentiation between Human and Animal Genitalia in the Old EnglishMedicina de Quadrupedibus
Authors: Christiansen Bethany 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper examines the Old English words for sexual anatomy in the medical textMedicina de quadrupedibus(‘medicines made from quadrupeds’), a close translation of the LatinLiber medicinae ex animalibus. The Anglo‐Saxon translator used different terms for human genitalia and animal genitalia, specifically, the wordteorsfor a human penis andscytelfor an animal penis;herþan(and possiblyherþbylg) for human testicles andsceallanfor animal testicles; andinnoðfor human uterus andhriffor animal uterus. On the other hand, rather than showing differentiation, the polite termsgecynd‘nature; sex; genitals’ andgecyndlim‘genitals’ translate Latinnatura‘nature; sex; genitals’ for both human and animal genitalia. This apparent exception to the pattern of differentiation results from the semantic congruity of OEgecyndand Latinnatura. The principled differentiation of the various terms is probably not lexicalized as such in Old English, but rather represents a specific stylistic choice of the Anglo‐Saxon translator of theMedicina de quadrupedibusto emphasize the difference between humans and animals.
Impact of pelvic dynamic acquisition on final reading of 18F‐Fluorocholine positron emission tomography in patients with prostate adenocarcinoma: True need or unnecessary burden?
Authors: Latge Adrien , Heimburger Céline , Severac Francois , Meyer Nicolas , Somme François , Imperiale Alessio 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionDespite the increasing use of 18F‐fluorocholine (18F‐FCH) positron emission tomography (PET) in patients with prostate cancer, the acquisition protocol remains debated. We have evaluated the influence of the pelvic dynamic phase on the final reading of whole‐body 18F‐FCH PET, to assess the need for a two‐stage protocol. Reading the physician’s experience and patient’s previous treatment profile was also considered as potential influencing factors on final PET interpretation.MethodsAll 18F‐FCH PET/CT performed from January 2018 to September 2019 in patients with prostate cancer and including a pelvic dynamic phase followed by a delayed whole‐body acquisition were retrospectively retrieved. PET/CT were analysed by one expert nuclear medicine physician and one resident. The whole‐body scan was analysed blinded (first reading) and nonblinded from the results of the dynamic phase.Results221 consecutive PET/CT were selected from 201 patients previously treated by radical prostatectomy (n = 31), pelvic radiation therapy (n = 60), or both (n = 94). 24 patients had no previous treatments, and 12 benefited from other focal treatments. In the whole population, dynamic acquisition modified final interpretation of 32/221 scans (14.5%) for residents, 26 (11.8%) for experts and 19 (8.6%) for consensual reading. No influence of previous treatments was found. The availability of a dynamic phase would have been responsible for treatment modification in 5/221 scans (2.3%). Considering only the prostate bed, dynamic acquisition modified the final interpretation in 7/125 (5.6%) studies (consensual reading) from patients with previous prostatic surgery and 4/84 (4.8%) scans from patients without a history of prostatic surgical intervention. No significant influence of dynamic acquisition was found on the final PET interpretation on prostate lodge accordingly to previous prostatic surgery.ConclusionThe dynamic phase changes the interpretation of 18F‐FCH PET in about 9% of cases and the therapeutic strategy in <3% of patients. The influence of the early phase reduces with physician experience. Patient's treatment profile does not appear to have a significant influence on the variability of interpretation, also including the prostate bed.
Language disorder as a marker for schizophrenia
Authors: Hartopo Dhenni , Kalalo Royke Tony 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA language disorder is a significant symptom of schizophrenia. A psychiatrist can find this disorder when interviews with a patient. Screening and diagnosis in patients with schizophrenia alone rely heavily on interviews conducted on patients and any instructions captured from patients both verbally and nonverbally. A psychiatrist can also analyze the language aspects in schizophrenia from a language level perspective ranging from phonetic to pragmatic. This analysis paves the way for the process of interference detection since the prodromal phase. Language disorder in schizophrenia is often associated with impaired thinking processes. However, with the development of science and technology today, there is an objective and quantitative method of computational analysis of language through the Natural Language Processing process with a semantic space model that allows a psychiatrist to learn aspects of the human language process, especially in semantic and pragmatic aspects. The review provides a groundbreaking proposal for biomarkers for schizophrenia that have not been available so far through the assessment of language disorders in patients with schizophrenia. Objective and accurate detection of language disorders in schizophrenia can be a modality for psychiatrists to screen, make diagnoses, determine prognosis, evaluate therapies, and monitor recurrence using existing technology media.
European Academy of Neurology/Peripheral Nerve Society guideline on diagnosis and treatment of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy: Report of a joint Task Force—Second revision
Authors: Van den Bergh Peter Y. K. , van Doorn Pieter A. , Hadden Robert D. M. , Avau Bert , Vankrunkelsven Patrik , Allen Jeffrey A. , Attarian Shahram , Blomkwist‐Markens Patricia H. , Cornblath David R. , Eftimov Filip , Goedee H. Stephan , Harbo Thomas , Kuwabara Satoshi , Lewis Richard A. , Lunn Michael P. , Nobile‐Orazio Eduardo , Querol Luis , Rajabally Yusuf A. , Sommer Claudia , Topaloglu Haluk A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo revise the 2010 consensus guideline on chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP).MethodsSeventeen disease experts, a patient representative, and two Cochrane methodologists constructed 12 Population/Intervention/Comparison/Outcome (PICO) questions regarding diagnosis and treatment to guide the literature search. Data were extracted and summarized in GRADE summary of findings (for treatment PICOs) or evidence tables (for diagnostic PICOs).ResultsStatements were prepared according to the GRADE Evidence‐to‐Decision frameworks. Typical CIDP and CIDP variants were distinguished. The previous term “atypical CIDP” was replaced by “CIDP variants” because these are well characterized entities (multifocal, focal, distal, motor, or sensory CIDP). The levels of diagnostic certainty were reduced from three (definite, probable, possible CIDP) to only two (CIDP and possible CIDP), because the diagnostic accuracy of criteria for probable and definite CIDP did not significantly differ. Good Practice Points were formulated for supportive criteria and investigations to be considered to diagnose CIDP. The principal treatment recommendations were: (a) intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) or corticosteroids are strongly recommended as initial treatment in typical CIDP and CIDP variants; (b) plasma exchange is strongly recommended if IVIg and corticosteroids are ineffective; (c) IVIg should be considered as first‐line treatment in motor CIDP (Good Practice Point); (d) for maintenance treatment, IVIg, subcutaneous immunoglobulin or corticosteroids are recommended; (e) if the maintenance dose of any of these is high, consider either combination treatments or adding an immunosuppressant or immunomodulatory drug (Good Practice Point); and (f) if pain is present, consider drugs against neuropathic pain and multidisciplinary management (Good Practice Point).
NJUCal‐1: A New Calcite Oxygen Isotope Reference Material for Microbeam Analysis
Authors: Li Rucao , Wang Xiao‐Lei , Chen Huayong , Zheng Hui , Guan Yue , Gu Jing , Jin Guishan 
Published: July 2021

Calcite is a common mineral in various types of rocks and mineral deposits, and its oxygen isotopic compositions are widely used to reconstruct palaeotemperature and to trace rock genesis and ore‐forming processes. However, the availability of high‐quality matrix‐matched calcite reference materials for oxygen isotope microanalysis is limited. A new natural calcite specimen (NJUCal‐1) was analysed in this study to investigate its potential as a reference material for microbeam oxygen isotope measurement. Detailed textural and major elemental examinations reveal no internal zoning of ground grains. During six measurement sessions, a total of 463 spot analyses of oxygen isotope ratios were applied on ~ 200 randomly selected grains using secondary ion mass spectrometry, Nanjing. Taking all six sessions together, the spot‐to‐spot repeatability is 0.28‰ (2s), and the repeatability is better than 0.31‰ (2s) for individual sessions, indicating that the NJUCal‐1 calcite is quite homogeneous in its oxygen isotopic compositions and can be used as a new reference material for microbeam oxygen isotope measurement. The mean δ18OVPDB value determined by gas source isotope ratio mass spectrometry is −22.58 ± 0.16‰ (2s, n = 22), which is proposed as the recommended value for this potential reference material.
Plasma hsa‐mir‐19b is a potential LevoDopa therapy marker
Authors: Chis Aimee Rodica , Moatar Alexandra Ioana , Dijmarescu Cristina , Rosca Cecilia , Vorovenci Ruxandra Julia , Krabbendam Inge , Dolga Amalia , Bejinar Cristina , Marian Catalin , Sirbu Ioan Ovidiu , Simu Mihaela 
Published: July 2021

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder among the elderly, the diagnostic and prognostic of which is based mostly on clinical signs. LevoDopa replacement is the gold standard therapy for PD, as it ameliorates the motor symptoms. However, it does not affect the progression of the disease and its long‐term use triggers severe complications. There are no bona fide biomarkers for monitoring the patients’ response to LevoDopa and predicting the efficacy of levodopa treatment. Here, we have combined qPCR microRNA array screening with analysis of validated miRs in naïve versus Levodopa‐treated PD patients. We have identified plasma miR‐19b as a possible biomarker for LevoDopa therapy and validated this result in human differentiated dopaminergic neurons exposed to LevoDopa. In silico analysis suggests that the LevoDopa‐induced miR‐19b regulates ubiquitin‐mediated proteolysis.