bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tmem100- and Acta2-Lineage Cells Contribute to Implant Osseointegration in a Mouse Model
Authors: Vesprey Alexander , Suh Eun Sung , Göz Aytürk Didem , Yang Xu , Rogers Miracle , Sosa Branden , Niu Yingzhen , Kalajzic Ivo , Ivashkiv Lionel B , Bostrom Mathias PG , Ayturk Ugur M 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Metal implants are commonly used in orthopedic surgery. The mechanical stability and longevity of implants depend on adequate bone deposition along the implant surface. The cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying peri-implant bone formation (ie, osseointegration) are incompletely understood. Herein, our goal was to determine the specific bone marrow stromal cell populations that contribute to bone formation around metal implants. To do this, we utilized a mouse tibial implant model that is clinically representative of human joint replacement procedures. Using a lineage-tracing approach, we found that both Acta2.creERT2 and Tmem100.creERT2 lineage cells are involved in peri-implant bone formation, and Pdgfra- and Ly6a/Sca1-expressing stromal cells (PαS cells) are highly enriched in both lineages. Single-cell RNA-seq analysis indicated that PαS cells are quiescent in uninjured bone tissue; however, they express markers of proliferation and osteogenic differentiation shortly after implantation surgery. Our findings indicate that PαS cells are mobilized to repair bone tissue and participate in implant osseointegration after surgery. Biologic therapies targeting PαS cells might improve osseointegration in patients undergoing orthopedic procedures. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
How do leaders foster morally courageous behavior in employees? Leader role modeling, moral ownership, and felt obligation
Authors: Ogunfowora Babatunde , Maerz Addison , Varty Christianne T. 
Published: February 2021

SummaryRecent trends in the academic literature indicate growing interest in bottom‐up strategies for addressing workplace misconduct. Scholars argue that leaders may empower employees to speak up and engage in morally courageous behaviors (MCB) when they witness transgressions. In this research, we integrate social cognitive theory and social exchange theory to explain how and when leaders—in their capacities as role models and organizational representatives—promote employee MCB. In Study 1, we find that leader ethical role modeling influences MCB by nurturing employee moral ownership and a sense of obligation to the organization. We show that the path from moral ownership to MCB is stronger for employees with high (versus low) moral efficacy. In Study 2, we find similar results with respect to the roles of safety‐specific moral ownership and felt obligation in explaining how leader safety role modeling influences safety‐related whistleblowing, a specific form of MCB. We also replicate the moderating effect of moral efficacy on the moral ownership—whistleblowing link. However, we find an unexpected negative moderating effect on the felt obligation—whistleblowing link. We discuss the implications of these findings for understanding and promoting morally courageous behaviors in the workplace.
Independent ENSO and IOD impacts on rainfall extremes over Indonesia
Authors: Kurniadi Ari , Weller Evan , Min Seung‐Ki , Seong Min‐Gyu 
Published: February 2021

AbstractUsing Generalized Extreme Value analysis, this study details the independent seasonal impacts of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) on rainfall extremes that cause many hydro‐meteorological hazards and affect vulnerable populations in Indonesia, based on indices defined by the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices (ETCCDI), for the period 1981–2019. Gridded Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station data (CHIRPS) is used to calculate maximum consecutive 5‐day precipitation (Rx5d), total precipitation from days above 95 percentile (R95p), and maximum number of consecutive dry days (CDD). Consistent with previous studies, the ENSO and IOD impacts on rainfall extremes are shown to be strongest during the dry seasons (JJA‐SON) and weaker in the wet seasons (DJF‐MAM). Rainfall extremes appear to be widely influenced throughout Indonesia by ENSO, whereby extremes become drier (wetter) during El Niño (La Niña). Similarly, positive (negative) phases of the IOD lead to more extreme dry (wet) conditions. However, distinct from previous studies, as ENSO and IOD often co‐occur, we also provide independent influences of the two climate modes. Low‐level circulation northeast and southwest of Indonesia, both previously suggested as main drivers of impacts on Maritime Continent rainfall, are more closely associated with independent ENSO and IOD, respectively. For example, ENSO, independent of IOD, impacts rainfall extremes more in the northern and eastern regions of Indonesia, and the IOD, independent of ENSO, modulates rainfall extremes more over southern and western regions. Despite independent ENSO and IOD impacts understandably being found more eastward and westward of the country, respectively, details provided here help explain regional differences between rainfall extremes and ENSO and IOD, such as Jakarta in west Java, which is predominantly influenced by local forcing associated with the IOD.
Vortex wave generation using single‐fed circular patch antenna with arc segment
Authors: Yang Guang , Liu Yongcong , Yan Yongpeng , Li Weiwen 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCombined with characteristic mode analysis, the idea of degenerate mode synthesis can be used to guide the construction of a single antenna, which radiates vortex electromagnetic waves carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM). In this paper, an arc segment outside a circular patch is applied to disturb the structure symmetry to achieve a single‐fed antenna with orthogonal degenerate mode synthesis. Experimental results show that degenerated characteristic modes of circular patches radiate vortex waves one order lower than source modes. If two degenerate TM21 source modes are superimposed, the first‐order OAM mode is generated. Since the arc segment as a disturbance element is independent of the radiation element, OAM modes of different orders can be realized by adjusting its length.
Integrating ricinoleic acid derivates to thermoset polymers with tunable properties
Authors: Hernández Emanuel , Marcovich Norma E , Mosiewicki Mirna A 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA highly functionalized biobased derivative of ricinoleic acid (MMRA) was synthesized through a two‐step procedure: maleinization of the hydroxyl group naturally present in this fatty acid followed by methacrylation of the carboxylic acid groups. The chemical structure of MMRA was confirmed by 1H NMR, infrared spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography and analytical determinations. Thermoset polymers were further obtained by the free radical polymerization of MMRA with different amounts of styrene. The dependence of the color/transparency and tensile properties on sample composition was evaluated. Moreover, thermogravimetric and dynamic mechanical analyses were carried out to further characterize the obtained materials. All polymers were highly translucent with lightness values in the range 87.4–90.8 and opacity values below 13%. Their glass transition temperatures (Tg) ranged from 61.5 °C for the homopolymer MMRA to 104 °C for the copolymer containing 30 wt% MMRA. The rubbery storage modulus increased with MMRA content confirming the high functionality of the green precursor that led to polymers with high crosslinking density. Notably, pronounced damping capacity was also found in all copolymers made from MMRA / styrene. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Physical therapeutic treatment for traumatic brachial plexus injury in adults: A scoping review
Authors: de Santana Chagas Alessandra Carolina , Wanderley Débora , de Oliveira Ferro Josepha Karinne , Alves de Moraes Alexa , Morais de Souza Fernando Henrique , da Silva Tenório Angélica , Araújo de Oliveira Daniella 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTraumatic brachial plexus injury (BPI) is one of the most disabling injuries of the upper extremity, often requiring specialized treatment and a prolonged rehabilitation period. This scoping review was carried out to identify and describe the physical therapy modalities applied in the rehabilitation of adult individuals with BPI. Electronic databases, gray literature, and reference lists were searched, and studies meeting the following eligibility criteria were included: (a) interventions including any physical therapy modality; (b) individuals age ≥18 years old; and (c) a clinical diagnosis of BPI. The literature search yielded 681 articles of which 49 met the inclusion criteria and had their outcomes, treatment parameters, and the differences between conservative and pre‐ and postoperative treatment phases analyzed. The most commonly used physical therapy interventions were in the subfields of kinesiotherapy (ie, involving range of motion exercises, muscle stretching, and strengthening), electrothermal and phototherapy, manual therapy, and sensory re‐education strategies. Although several physical therapy modalities were identified for the treatment of BPI in this scoping review, the combination of low levels of evidence and the identified gaps regarding the treatment parameters challenge the reproducibility of such treatments in clinical practice. Therefore, future controlled clinical trials with clearer treatment protocols for individuals with BPI are needed.
The dark-side of the outside: how extracellular heat shock proteins promote cancer
Authors: Seclì Laura , Fusella Federica , Avalle Lidia , Brancaccio Mara 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn addition to exerting several essential house-keeping activities in the cell, heat shock proteins (HSPs) are crucial players in a well-structured molecular program activated in response to stressful challenges. Among the different activities carried out by HSPs during emergency, they reach the extracellular milieu, from where they scout the surroundings, regulate extracellular protein activity and send autocrine and paracrine signals. Cancer cells permanently experience stress conditions due to their altered equilibrium and behaviour, and constantly secrete heat shock proteins as a result. Other than supporting anti-tumour immunity, extracellular heat shock proteins (eHSPs), can also exacerbate cancer cell growth and malignancy by sustaining different cancer hallmarks. eHSPs are implicated in extracellular matrix remodelling, resistance to apoptosis, promotion of cell migration and invasion, induction of epithelial to mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis and activation of stromal cells, supporting ultimately, metastasis dissemination. A broader understanding of eHSP activity and contribution to tumour development and progression is leading to new opportunities in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
Cytokine “fine tuning” of enthesis tissue homeostasis as a pointer to spondyloarthritis pathogenesis with a focus on relevant TNF and IL-17 targeted therapies
Authors: Russell Tobias , Bridgewood Charlie , Rowe Hannah , Altaie Ala , Jones Elena , McGonagle Dennis 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA curious feature of axial disease in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and related non-radiographic axial spondyloarthropathy (nrAxSpA) is that spinal inflammation may ultimately be associated with excessive entheseal tissue repair with new bone formation. Other SpA associated target tissues including the gut and the skin have well established paradigms on how local tissue immune responses and proven disease relevant cytokines including TNF and the IL-23/17 axis contribute to tissue repair. Normal skeletal homeostasis including the highly mechanically stressed entheseal sites is subject to tissue microdamage, micro-inflammation and ultimately repair. Like the skin and gut, healthy enthesis has resident immune cells including ILCs, γδ T cells, conventional CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and myeloid lineage cells capable of cytokine induction involving prostaglandins, growth factors and cytokines including TNF and IL-17 that regulate these responses. We discuss how human genetic studies, animal models and translational human immunology around TNF and IL-17 suggest a largely redundant role for these pathways in physiological tissue repair and homeostasis. However, disease associated immune system overactivity of these cytokines with loss of tissue repair “fine tuning” is eventually associated with exuberant tissue repair responses in AS. Conversely, excessive biomechanical stress at spinal enthesis or peripheral enthesis with mechanically related or degenerative conditions is associated with a normal immune system attempts at cytokine fine tuning, but in this setting, it is commensurate to sustained abnormal biomechanical stressing. Unlike SpA, where restoration of aberrant and excessive cytokine “fine tuning” is efficacious, antagonism of these pathways in biomechanically related disease may be of limited or even no value.
Ammonium Removal in Aquaponics Indicates Participation of Comammox Nitrospira
Authors: Heise Julia , Müller Hubert , Probst Alexander J. , Meckenstock Rainer U. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAquaponic systems are sustainable solutions for food production combining fish growth (aquaculture) and production of vegetables (hydroponic) in one recirculating system. In aquaponics, nitrogen-enriched wastewater from fish in the aquaculture serves as fertilizer for the plants in the hydroponics, while the nitrogen-depleted and detoxified water flows back to the aquaculture. To investigate bacterial nitrogen-cycling in such an aquaponic system, measurements of nitrogen species were coupled with time-resolved 16S rRNA gene profiling and the functional capacity of organisms was studied using metagenomics. The aquaponic system was consistently removing ammonia and nitrite below 23 µM and 19 µM, and nitrate to steady-state concentrations of about 0.5 mM. 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of sediments exposed in the pump sump revealed that typical signatures of canonical ammonia-oxidising microorganisms were below detection limit. However, one of the most abundant operational taxonomic units (OTU) was classified as a member of the genus Nitrospira with a relative abundance of 3.8%. For this genus, also genome scaffolds were recovered encoding the only ammonia monooxygenase genes identified in the metagenome. This study indicates that even in highly efficient aquaponic systems, comammox Nitrospira were found to participate in ammonium removal at low steady-state ammonia concentrations.
STIG study: real-world data of long-term outcomes of adults with Pompe disease under enzyme replacement therapy with alglucosidase alfa
Authors: Gutschmidt Kristina , Musumeci Olimpia , Díaz-Manera Jordi , Chien Yin-Hsiu , Knop Karl Christian , Wenninger Stephan , Montagnese Federica , Pugliese Alessia , Tavilla Graziana , Alonso-Pérez Jorge , Hwu Paul Wuh-Liang , Toscano Antonio , Schoser Benedikt 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Pompe disease is one of the few neuromuscular diseases with an approved drug therapy, which has been available since 2006. Our study aimed to determine the real-world long-term efficacy and safety of alglucosidase alfa.

Methods
This multicenter retrospective study (NCT02824068) collected data from adult Pompe disease patients receiving ERT for at least 3 years. Demographics and baseline characteristics, muscle strength, lung function (FVC), walking capability (6MWT), and safety were assessed once a year. Evaluation was done on the group and individual levels, using quantitative linear models (t test) and general univariate linear models (ANOVA).

Findings
Sixty-eight adult Pompe disease patients from four countries (Spain, Taiwan, Italy, Germany (STIG)) participated. The mean follow-up was 7.03 years ± 2.98. At group level in all outcome measures, an initial improvement followed by a secondary decline was observed. After 10 years, the 6MWT%pred showed the most sustained positive effect (p = 0.304). The MRC%max remained stable with a mild decline (p = 0.131), however, FVC%pred deteriorated significantly (p < 0.001) by 14.93% over 10 years of ERT. The progression rate of FVC%pred under ERT could be explained in most of the patients (83.5%) by the disease severity at baseline. Furthermore, our study shows a decline in the FVC combined with an increase in non-invasive and invasive ventilation requirements in adult Pompe disease patients over time.

Conclusions
The STIG real-world study confirms an initial efficacy of ERT in the first years with a secondary sustained decline in multiple outcome measures. Further efforts are required to establish a more valid long-term monitoring and improved therapies.
Our Contribution to the NASA RASSOR Bucket Drum Design Challenge
Authors: Weißenböck Stephan , Fimbinger Eric 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNASA’s Artemis program aims to return humans to the Moon sustainably and efficiently by using new and improved technology, which is based on the concept of generating products with local materials, a practice called In Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU). Regolith excavation is the fundamental step in the ISRU chain to produce local commodities, such as propellants and breathing air, and to pursue construction operations. NASA is currently working on the Regolith Advanced Surface Systems Operations Robot (RASSOR), the key technology to enable extraterrestrial mining. The robot uses counterrotating bucket drums that capture regolith and keep it from falling out. NASA reached out to the public via GrabCAD to improve the robot’s design and chose five concepts, which will be tested and further improved. A team of three students from the University of Leoben (Dominik Höber, Andreas Taschner, and Stephan Weißenböck) took part in the challenge set by NASA and shared their ideas and concepts. They used this opportunity to implement their acquired knowledge from their studies and were also supported by a researcher from the Chair of Mining Engineering of the University of Leoben—Eric Fimbinger. The final design consists of three significant elements that were fused to increase efficiency: An outer helix, a spiral tunnel, and an inner helix. These three important components make up the concept which impressed the jury and reached fourth place out of approx. 350 entries. Due to the success of the project as well as the aroused interest amongst the students, further research projects were initialised as follow-ups, dealing with the topic of extraterrestrial mining. One is a research and development study covered by two master’s theses about excavation and conveying concepts on the Moon (see the article by Höber, Taschner and Fimbinger in this issue). The other one is in the form of a bachelor’s thesis to compare and analyse chosen concepts from the design challenge in a numerical simulation environment with equal conditions to allow virtual testing of those chosen designs.
Common dynamic factors for cryptocurrencies and multiple pair-trading statistical arbitrages
Authors: Figá-Talamanca Gianna , Focardi Sergio , Patacca Marco 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we apply dynamic factor analysis to model the joint behaviour of Bitcoin, Ethereum, Litecoin and Monero, as a representative basket of the cryptocurrencies asset class. The empirical results suggest that the basket price is suitably described by a model with two dynamic factors. More precisely, we detect one integrated and one stationary factor until the end of August 2019 and two integrated factors afterwards. Based on this evidence, we define a multiple long-short trading strategy which proves profitable when the second factor is stationary.
Gradient Damage Analysis of a Cylinder Under Torsion: Bifurcation and Size Effects
Authors: Li Tianyi , Abdelmoula Radhi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this work, an elastic-damage evolution analysis is carried out for a cylinder under torsion made of a material obeying a gradient damage model with softening. Both semi-analytical and asymptotic approaches are developed to analyze the elastic, axisymmetric and bifurcation stages. We show the existence of a fundamental branch where the damage field is asymmetric and localized within a finite thickness from the boundary. By minimizing a generalized Rayleigh quotient, the bifurcation time and modes are obtained as a function of the length scale $\epsilon =\ell /R$
ϵ
=
ℓ
/
R
involving a material internal length and the cylinder radius. We will then focus on these size effects by assuming that $\epsilon $
ϵ
is a small parameter in an asymptotic setting. After justification, specific spatial and temporal rescaled variables are introduced for the boundary layer problem. It is shown that the axisymmetric damage evolution and the bifurcation are governed by two universal functions independent of the length scale. The simulation results obtained by the semi-analytical approach are formally justified by the asymptotic methods.
Evaluating transdisciplinary research practices: insights from social network analysis
Authors:   the Delta Dialogue Network, Steelman T. , Bogdan A. , Mantyka-Pringle C. , Bradford L. , Reed M. G. , Baines S. , Fresque-Baxter J. , Jardine T. , Shantz S. , Abu R. , Staples K. , Andrews Evan , Bharadwaj Lalita , Strickert G. , Jones Paul , Lindenschmidt K. , Poelzer G. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTransdisciplinary researchers collaborate with diverse partners outside of academia to tackle sustainability problems. The patterns and practices of social interaction and the contextual nature of transdisciplinary research result in different performance expectations than traditional, curiosity-driven research. Documenting patterns of interaction can inform project success and affirm progress toward interim outcomes on the way to achieve sustainability impacts. Yet providing credible and robust indicators of research activity remains challenging. We provide quantitative and qualitative indicators for assessing transdisciplinary practices and patterns through social network analysis (SNA). Our assessment developed four criteria to reveal how SNA metrics provide insight into (1) diversity of participants; (2) whether and how integration and collaboration are occurring, (3) the relative degrees of network stability and fragility, and (4) how the network is structured to achieve its goals. These four key criteria can be used to help identify patterns of research activity and determine whether interim progress is occurring.
Genetic Contribution to Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Prognostic Implications
Authors: Martin Katherine , Hatab Anas , Athwal Varinder S. , Jokl Elliot , Piper Hanley Karen 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPurpose of ReviewNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major and increasing health burden, with the potential to overwhelm hepatology services. However, only a minority of patients develop advanced liver disease. The challenge is early identification of patients at risk of progression. This review aims to summarize current knowledge on the genetic predisposition to NAFLD, and its implications for prognostication and risk stratification.Recent FindingsPNPLA3-I148M is the most robustly associated genetic variant with NAFLD. Recently, variants inTM6SF2,MBOAT7,GCKRandHSD17B13have also been implicated. NAFLD is a complex disease, and any one genetic variant alone is insufficient for risk stratification, but combining multiple genetic variants with other parameters is a promising strategy.SummaryIt is anticipated that, in the near future, analysis of data from large-scale prospective cohorts will reveal NAFLD subtypes and enable the development of prognostic models. This will facilitate risk stratification of patients, enabling optimisation of resources to effectively manage the NAFLD epidemic.