bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Multifunctional Nanovaccine based on L‐Arginine‐Loaded Black Mesoporous Titania: Ultrasound‐Triggered Synergistic Cancer Sonodynamic Therapy/Gas Therapy/Immunotherapy with Remarkably Enhanced Efficacy
Authors: Wang Meifang , Hou Zhiyao , Liu Sainan , Liang Shuang , Ding Binbin , Zhao Yajie , Chang Mengyu , Han Gang , Kheraif Abdulaziz A. Al , Lin Jun 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn order to achieve better antitumor therapeutic efficacy and inhibit tumor metastasis, a multifunctional nanovaccine based on L‐arginine (LA)‐loaded black mesoporous titania (BMT) is fabricated. In this system, LA is utilized as the exogenous NO supplementation for gas therapy, and BMT is served as acoustic sensitizer for sonodynamic therapy. The ultrasound (US) as the exogenous stimulus can simultaneously trigger BMT and LA to produce singlet oxygen (1O2) and NO gas at tumor sites, respectively. Interestingly, 1O2 from US‐excited BMT can promote the oxidation of LA to produce more NO. The high concentration of 1O2 and NO in cancer cell can cause intracellular strong oxidative stress level and DNA double‐strand breaks to induce cancer cell apoptosis ultimately. The US‐triggered BMT@LA “nanovaccine” combining with immune checkpoint inhibitor PD‐L1 antibody (αPD‐L1) can induce strong antitumor immune response thus effectively killing primary tumors and further inhibiting metastatic tumors. Hence, BMT@LA‐based “nanovaccine” combining with αPD‐L1 checkpoint blockade treatment can realize synergetic sonodynamic/gas/immunotherapy with enhanced antitumor therapeutic effects.
Study of the Growth Mechanism of Solution‐Synthesized Symmetric Tellurium Nanoflakes at Atomic Resolution
Authors: Li Chen , Zhang Lei , Gong Tian , Cheng Yongfa , Li Luying , Li Li , Jia Shuangfeng , Qi Yajun , Wang Jianbo , Gao Yihua 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAs a new member of 2D materials, 2D tellurium (Te) has recently attracted much attention due to its intriguing properties. Through hydrothermal processing, 2D Te with tunable thickness and size has been realized, and its growth mechanism has also been studied. However, the tailored growth of 2D Te nanoflakes with symmetrical morphologies and interfacial moiré fringes has never been reported. Here, 2D Te nanoflakes have been prepared using the hydrothermal method, and mirror‐symmetrical shapes (including “V‐shape,” “heart‐shape,” and “paper airplane‐shape”) with obvious moiré fringes in the middle of the nanoflakes are observed. Comprehensive transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques are utilized for structural characterization of these nanoflakes, especially the moiré fringes in the symmetry axis region of the nanoflakes. The systematic analyses of the moiré fringes and the observation of obvious overlapping edges of the composing nanoflakes from the cross‐sectional samples reveal the possible mechanism of morphological evolution for these symmetrical nanoflakes. These details may fill the research gap in the controllable growth of 2D Te nanomaterials, pave the way for the fabrication of 2D Te moiré superlattices and in‐plane homojunctions, and promote their future versatile applications.
Structural Variation and Switchable Nonlinear Optical Behavior of Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Zhang Lin , Li Hongjun , He Huajun , Yang Yu , Cui Yuanjing , Qian Guodong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTwo europium metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) based on the same ligand, named as ZJU‐23‐Eu and ZJU‐24‐Eu, are selectively synthesized by fine‐tuning solvent contents to tailor the coordination modes. Eu atoms are eight‐coordinated and nine‐coordinated in ZJU‐23‐Eu and ZJU‐24‐Eu respectively, and their frameworks vary in both spatial connectivity and symmetry. The ligand not only has multiphoton response but also suitable triplet energy level (19 998 cm−1) to sensitize Eu3+. Thus ZJU‐23‐Eu exhibits characteristic emission of Eu3+ peaking at 614 nm via the energy transfer from the two‐/three‐photon excited ligand to Eu3+, with its bidimensional layered structure benefiting this process. In contrast, the changed spatial connectivity in tridimensional ZJU‐24‐Eu narrows the distances between adjacent Eu3+ ions and reduces the density, resulting in poor two‐photon excited fluorescence. Besides, noncentrosymmetric ZJU‐24‐Eu shows second harmonic generation (SHG) response with an intensity of ≈6.2 times relative to KH2PO4 (KDP) microcrystalline powder while centrosymmetric ZJU‐23‐Eu cannot. These results have established two nonlinear optical (NLO) models based on MOFs to synchronously analyze the effects of two structural variables on different NLO behaviors, and provide ingenious ways to design MOF‐based NLO devices with function on demand.
NRL
−/− gene edited human embryonic stem cells generate rod-deficient retinal organoids enriched in S-cone-like photoreceptors
Authors: Cuevas Elisa , Holder Daniel L. , Alshehri Ashwak H. , Tréguier Julie , Lakowski Jörn , Sowden Jane C. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Organoid cultures represent a unique tool to investigate the developmental complexity of tissues like the human retina. NRL is a transcription factor required for the specification and homeostasis of mammalian rod photoreceptors. In Nrl-deficient mice, photoreceptor precursor cells do not differentiate into rods, and instead follow a default photoreceptor specification pathway to generate S-cone-like cells. To investigate whether this genetic switch mechanism is conserved in humans, we used CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing to engineer an NRL-deficient embryonic stem cell (ESC) line (NRL−/−), and differentiated it into retinal organoids. Retinal organoids self-organize and resemble embryonic optic vesicles (OVs) that recapitulate the natural histogenesis of rods and cone photoreceptors. NRL−/− OVs develop comparably to controls, and exhibit a laminated, organized retinal structure with markers of photoreceptor synaptogenesis. Using immunohistochemistry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), we observed that NRL−/− OVs do not express NRL, or other rod photoreceptor markers directly or indirectly regulated by NRL. On the contrary, they show an abnormal number of photoreceptors positive for S-OPSIN, which define a primordial subtype of cone, and overexpress other cone genes indicating a conserved molecular switch in mammals. This study represents the first evidence in a human in vitro ESC-derived organoid system that NRL is required to define rod identity, and that in its absence S-cone-like cells develop as the default photoreceptor cell type. It shows how gene edited retinal organoids provide a useful system to investigate human photoreceptor specification, relevant for efforts to generate cells for transplantation in retinal degenerative diseases.
Influence of fiber orientation on the behavior of fiber reinforced concrete slabs
Authors: Conforti Antonio , Cuenca Estefania , Zerbino Raúl , Plizzari Giovanni A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAfter several decades of research studies, design rules for fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) are now available for several structural elements. Starting from standard tests, it is possible to determine design parameters and constitutive laws to perform simplified sectional verifications and/or numerical analyses. However, one of the main issues still open is represented by the fiber orientation in the real structure that could be different from the one present in standard tests. For this reason, building codes take into account orientation factors to modify the standard material properties. The present paper aims to shed some new lights on the effects of the orientation of steel and macro‐synthetic fibers on the local variability of FRC residual strength properties in slabs made with two concretes: Vibrated (slump of 80 ± 20 mm, V‐FRC) and self‐compacting concrete (slump flow diameter of 700 ± 50 mm, SC‐FRC). In V‐FRC slabs, the orientation of polymer fibers was more influenced by pouring and compaction process compared to steel ones. In SC‐FRC slabs, the flow and wall effects resulted more significant when long steel fibers were used. The post‐cracking performances locally determined in different points of slabs were compared against the ones obtained on standard beams as well. Finally, the global response of these slabs was numerically studied by considering two different support configurations: simply‐supported slabs and slabs on grade.
The association of circulating amylin with β‐amyloid in familial Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Ly Han , Verma Nirmal , Sharma Savita , Kotiya Deepak , Despa Sanda , Abner Erin L. , Nelson Peter T. , Jicha Gregory A. , Wilcock Donna M. , Goldstein Larry B. , Guerreiro Rita , Brás José , Hanson Angela J. , Craft Suzanne , Murray Andrew J. , Biessels Geert Jan , Troakes Claire , Zetterberg Henrik , Hardy John , Lashley Tammaryn , AESG  , Despa Florin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionThis study assessed the hypothesis that circulating human amylin (amyloid‐forming) cross‐seeds with amyloid beta (Aβ) in early Alzheimer's disease (AD).MethodsEvidence of amylin‐AD pathology interaction was tested in brains of 31 familial AD mutation carriers and 20 cognitively unaffected individuals, in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (98 diseased and 117 control samples) and in genetic databases. For functional testing, we genetically manipulated amylin secretion in APP/PS1 and non‐APP/PS1 rats.ResultsAmylin‐Aβ cross‐seeding was identified in AD brains. High CSF amylin levels were associated with decreased CSF Aβ42 concentrations. AD risk and amylin gene are not correlated. Suppressed amylin secretion protected APP/PS1 rats against AD‐associated effects. In contrast, hypersecretion or intravenous injection of human amylin in APP/PS1 rats exacerbated AD‐like pathology through disruption of CSF‐brain Aβ exchange and amylin‐Aβ cross‐seeding.DiscussionThese findings strengthened the hypothesis of circulating amylin‐AD interaction and suggest that modulation of blood amylin levels may alter Aβ‐related pathology/symptoms.
Nanobody—A versatile tool for cancer diagnosis and therapeutics
Authors: Liu Manman , Li Li , Jin Duo , Liu Yangzhong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn spite of the successful use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in clinic for tumor treatment, their applications are still hampered in therapeutic development due to limitations, such as tumor penetration and high cost of manufacture. Nanobody, a single domain antibody that holds the strong antigen targeting and binding capacity, has demonstrated various advantages relative to antibody. Nanobody is considered as a next‐generation of antibody‐derived tool in the antigen related recognition and modulation. A number of nanobodies have been developed and evaluated in different stages of clinical trials for cancer treatment. Here we summarized the current progress of nanobody in tumor diagnosis and therapeutics, particularly on the conjugation of nanobody with functional moieties. The nanobody conjugation of diagnostic agents, such as radionuclide and optical tracers, can achieve specific tumor imaging. The nanobody‐drug conjugates can enhance the therapeutic efficacy of anti‐tumor drugs and reduce the adverse effects. The decoration of nanobody on nanodrug delivery systems can further improve the drug targeting to specific tumors.This article is categorized under:
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Synthesis and Coordination Behaviour of a Novel Tridentate P,N,O‐Ketiminate Ligand
Authors: Halz Jan Henrik , Hentsch Andreas , Wagner Christoph , Merzweiler Kurt 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTreatment of o‐(diphenylphosphino)aniline with 3‐formylacetylacetone led to the formation of the ketimine type Schiff base 3‐((o‐diphenylphosphino‐phenylamino)‐methylene)‐pentane‐2,4‐dione (o−PPh2−C6H4−NH−CH=C(COCH3)2, HL). Complexes [ML2] (M=Fe, Co, Ni, Cu) were obtained from the reaction of HL with the corresponding metal acetate or acetylacetonate derivatives. The [ML2] complexes (M=Fe, Co, Ni) exhibit a distorted octahedral coordination from two tridentate P,N,O ketiminate ligands L−. The arrangement of the ligands is meridional in the case of [FeL2] and [NiL2]. The cobalt complex [CoL2] displays a facial coordination. In the case of the nearly square planar copper complex [CuL2], only the ketiminate functionalities of the ligands are involved in coordination and the participation of the PPh2 groups is neglectable.
Building a Multicultural Society by Political Integration
Authors: Linder Wolf , Mueller Sean 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis chapter explains how, despite the absence of single ethnic culture, Swiss state- and nation-building was possible. Neither the Swiss nation, nor the Swiss society existed when modern Switzerland was founded in 1848, after a brief civil war. The chapter provides a reading of Swiss history since then as one of gradually achieving the participation of the most important minority groups and the different social classes through proportional representation. Beginning with the losers of the civil war, the Catholic-Conservatives, followed by Protestant farmers and the petite bourgeoise, and ending with the Social-Democrats, the Swiss thus invented the ‘magic formula’ in 1959 for proportionally sharing the seven seats in the federal government. Even the rise of right-wing populism since the 1990s has not changed this basic feature.
Renormalization Group evolution from on-shell SMEFT
Authors: Jiang Minyuan , Ma Teng , Shu Jing 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We describe the on-shell method to derive the Renormalization Group (RG) evolution of Wilson coefficients of high dimensional operators at one loop, which is a necessary part in the on-shell construction of the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT), and exceptionally efficient based on the amplitude basis in hand. The UV divergence is obtained by firstly calculating the coefficients of scalar bubble integrals by unitary cuts, then subtracting the IR divergence in the massless bubbles, which can be easily read from the collinear factors we obtained for the Standard Model fields. Examples of deriving the anomalous dimensions at dimension six are presented in a pedagogical manner. We also give the results of contributions from the dimension-8 H4D4 operators to the running of V+V−H2 operators, as well as the running of B+B−H2D2n from H4D2n+4 for general n.
κ-Minkowski-deformation of U(1) gauge theory
Authors: Kupriyanov V. G. , Kurkov M. , Vitale P. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We construct a noncommutative kappa-Minkowski deformation of U(1) gauge theory, following a general approach, recently proposed in JHEP 08 (2020) 041. We obtain an exact (all orders in the non-commutativity parameter) expression for both the deformed gauge transformations and the deformed field strength, which is covariant under these transformations. The corresponding Yang-Mills Lagrangian is gauge covariant and reproduces the Maxwell Lagrangian in the commutative limit. Gauge invariance of the action functional requires a non-trivial integration measure which, in the commutative limit, does not reduce to the trivial one. We discuss the physical meaning of such a nontrivial commutative limit, relating it to a nontrivial space-time curvature of the undeformed theory. Moreover, we propose a rescaled kappa-Minkowski noncommutative structure, which exhibits a standard flat commutative limit.
Higgsing towards E-strings
Authors: Kim Joonho , Kim Seok , Lee Kimyeong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We explore 6d (1, 0) superconformal field theories with SU(3) and SU(2) gauge symmetries which cascade after Higgsing to the E-string theory on a single M5 near an E8 wall. Specifically, we study the 2d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (0, 4) gauge theories which describe self-dual strings of these 6d theories. The self-dual strings can be also viewed as instanton string solitons of 6d Yang-Mills theories. We find the 2d anomaly-free gauge theories for self-dual strings, amending the naive ADHM gauge theories which are anomalous, and calculate their elliptic genera. While these 2d theories respect the flavor symmetry of each 6d SCFT only partially, their elliptic genera manifest the symmetry fully as these functions as BPS index are invariant in strongly coupled IR limit. Our consistent 2d (0, 4) gauge theories also provide new insights on the non-linear sigma models for the instanton strings, providing novel UV completions of the small instanton singularities. Finally, we construct new 2d quiver gauge theories for the self-dual strings in 6d E-string theory for multiple M5-branes probing the E8 wall, and find their fully refined elliptic genera.
Almost conservation laws for stochastic nonlinear Schrödinger equations
Authors: Cheung Kelvin , Li Guopeng , Oh Tadahiro 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we present a globalization argument for stochastic nonlinear dispersive PDEs with additive noises by adapting theI-method (= the method of almost conservation laws) to the stochastic setting. As a model example, we consider the defocusing stochastic cubic nonlinear Schrödinger equation (SNLS) on$${\mathbb {R}}^3$$R3with additive stochastic forcing, white in time and correlated in space, such that the noise lies below the energy space. By combining theI-method with Ito’s lemma and a stopping time argument, we construct global-in-time dynamics for SNLS below the energy space.
Free labor mobility and indeterminacy in models of neoclassical growth
Authors: Parello Carmelo Pierpaolo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper establishes the conditions under which indeterminacy can occur in a Neoclassical growth model with international labor mobility. In the model, workers are supposed to move freely across countries without restrictions, and according to a Harris–Todaro mechanism that makes migration flows sensitive to differences among labor markets conditions. The paper shows that indeterminacy requires the marginal returns to immigrant labor to be diminishing, and no need for productivity externalities at a social level. It also shows that immigration quotas can serve it well to eliminate indeterminacy and stabilize final output.
Expanding the genetic spectrum of primary familial brain calcification due to SLC2OA2 mutations: a case series
Authors: Magistrelli Luca , Croce Roberta , De Marchi Fabiola , Basagni Chiara , Carecchio Miryam , Nasuelli Nicola , Cantello Roberto , Invernizzi Federica , Garavaglia Barbara , Comi Cristoforo , Mazzini Letizia , D’Alfonso Sandra , Corrado Lucia 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPrimary familial brain calcification (PFBC) is a neurological condition characterized by the presence of intracranial calcifications, mainly involving basal ganglia, thalamus, and dentate nuclei. So far, six genes have been linked to this condition: SLC20A2, PDGFRB, PDGFB, and XPR1 inherited as autosomal-dominant trait, while MYORG and JAM2 present a recessive pattern of inheritance. Patients mainly present with movement disorders, psychiatric disturbances, and cognitive decline or are completely asymptomatic and calcifications may represent an occasional finding. Here we present three variants in SLC20A2, two exonic and one intronic, which we found in patients with PFBC associated to three different clinical phenotypes. One variant is novel and two were already described as variants of uncertain significance. We confirm the pathogenicity of these three variants and suggest a broadening of the phenotypic spectrum associated with mutations in SLC20A2.
European Union legislation on macroalgae products
Authors: Lähteenmäki-Uutela Anu , Rahikainen Moona , Camarena-Gómez María Teresa , Piiparinen Jonna , Spilling Kristian , Yang Baoru 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMacroalgae-based products are increasing in demand also in Europe. In the European Union, each category of macroalgae-based products is regulated separately. We discuss EU legislation, including the law on medicinal products, foods including food supplements and food additives, feed and feed additives, cosmetics, packaging materials, fertilizers and biostimulants, as well as biofuels. Product safety and consumer protection are the priorities with any new products. Macroalgae products can be sold as traditional herbal medicines. The novel food regulation applies to macroalgae foods that have not previously been used as food, and organic macroalgae are a specific regulatory category. The maximum levels of heavy metals may be a barrier for macroalgae foods, feeds, and fertilizers. Getting health claims approved for foods based on macroalgae is demanding. In addition to the rules on products, the macroalgae business is strongly impacted by the elements of the general regulatory environment such as agricultural/aquacultural subsidies, maritime spatial planning and aquaculture licensing, public procurement criteria, tax schemes, and trade agreements.
Help-Seeking Behavior and Treatment Barriers in Anxiety Disorders: Results from a Representative German Community Survey
Authors: Heinig Ingmar , Wittchen Hans-Ulrich , Knappe Susanne 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAlthough effective therapies exist, treatment rates of anxiety disorders (AD) are low, raising the question why affected individuals do not receive treatment. We provide data from the nationally representative German Health Interview and Examination Survey-2011 (DEGS1) on the help-seeking behavior and perceived treatment barriers of 650 subjects with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders’ (DSM-IV AD). Only 26% of all cases with AD in the community reported having had contact with mental health services because of their anxiety problems in their lifetime. 16% were currently receiving professional help, most frequently by psychotherapists (8%), psychiatrists (5%) and general practitioners (5%). 40% of all cases never even considered seeking help and 31% reported barriers to treatment, such as self-reliance (18%) or beliefs that treatments were ineffective (9%), unavailable (8%) or too stigmatizing (7%). Measures to increase treatment rates should thus target individual as well as public attitudes and health literacy to increase awareness of and access to evidence-based interventions.
Pesticide exposure affects reproductive capacity of common toads (Bufo bufo) in a viticultural landscape
Authors: Adams Elena , Leeb Christoph , Brühl Carsten A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAmphibian populations are declining worldwide at alarming rates. Among the large variety of contributing stressors, chemical pollutants like pesticides have been identified as a major factor for this decline. Besides direct effects on aquatic and terrestrial amphibian stages, sublethal effects like impairments in reproduction can affect a population. Therefore, we investigated the reproductive capacity of common toads (Bufo bufo) in the pesticide-intensive viticultural landscape of Palatinate in Southwest Germany along a pesticide gradient. In a semi-field study, we captured reproductively active common toad pairs of five breeding ponds with different pesticide contamination level and kept them in a net cage until spawning. Toads from more contaminated ponds showed an increased fecundity (more eggs) but decreased fertilization rates (fewer hatching tadpoles) as well as lower survival rates and reduced size in Gosner stage 25, suggesting that the higher exposed populations suffer from long-term reproductive impairments. In combination with acute toxicity effects, the detected sublethal effects, which are mostly not addressed in the ecological risk assessment of pesticides, pose a serious threat on amphibian populations in agricultural landscapes.