bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contemplative Training and Psychological Stress: an Analysis of First-person Accounts
Authors: Gamaiunova Liudmila , Brandt Pierre-Yves , Kliegel Matthias 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesSeveral studies have investigated the relationship between contemplative approaches and psychobiological stress response; however, this area of research is still new, the mechanisms of the relationship between the stress response attenuation and contemplative training have not been fully delineated, and little is known about the effects of contemplative practice on the ways psychological stress is experienced. This study aimed to explore the first-person experience of psychological stress in meditation practitioners.MethodsWe conducted short semi-structured interviews with twenty-five meditation practitioners and twenty meditation-naïve controls immediately after they had undergone a laboratory task (the Trier Social Stress Test). A mixed-method approach was used to analyze the interviews. Thematic analysis was combined with descriptive statistics of the qualitative information that had been converted to quantitative data.ResultsExperiences instantiating main themes were identified as follows: (1) primary experiences encountered, describing the most salient experiences associated with the task; (2) reasons for stress, delineating the analyses of why the task was stressful; (3) affect, dealing with emotional experiences during the task; (4) emotion regulation; and (5) attention allocation describing regulatory strategies employed by the participants. Responses to subjective stress experience in meditation practitioners included use of humor, presence of positive affect, combinations of different types of emotion regulation strategies, and adaptive attention allocation.ConclusionsThis study elucidates particularities of meditators’ subjective experience of psychological stress, provides new insights on the mechanisms of meditation effect on the stress response, and proposes new directions for research.
Mucosa plication reinforced colorectal anastomosis and trans-anal vacuum drainage: a pilot study with preliminary results
Authors: Ferko Alexander , Váňa Juraj , Adámik Marek , Švec Adam , Žáček Michal , Demeter Michal , Grendár Marián 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDehiscence of colorectal anastomosis is a serious complication that is associated with increased mortality, impaired functional and oncological outcomes. The hypothesis was that anastomosis reinforcement and vacuum trans-anal drainage could eliminate some risk factors, such as mechanically stapled anastomosis instability and local infection. Patients with rectal cancer within 10 cm of the anal verge and low anterior resection with double-stapled technique were included consecutively. A stapler anastomosis was supplemented by trans-anal reinforcement and vacuum drainage using a povidone-iodine-soaked sponge. Modified reinforcement using a circular mucosa plication was developed and used. Patients were followed up by postoperative endoscopy and outcomes were acute leak rate, morbidity, and diversion rate. The procedure was successfully completed in 52 from 54 patients during time period January 2019–October 2020. The mean age of patients was 61 years (lower–upper quartiles 54–69 years). There were 38/52 (73%) males and 14/52 (27%) females; the neoadjuvant radiotherapy was indicated in a group of patients in 24/52 (46%). The mean level of anastomosis was 3.8 cm (lower–upper quartiles 3.00–4.88 cm). The overall morbidity was 32.6% (17/52) and Clavien–Dindo complications ≥ 3 grade appeared in 3/52 (5.7%) patients. No loss of anastomosis was recorded and no patient died postoperatively. The symptomatic anastomotic leak was recorded in 2 (3.8%) patients and asymptomatic blind fistula was recorded in one patient 1/52 (1.9%). Diversion ileostomy was created in 1/52 patient (1.9%). Reinforcement of double-stapled anastomosis using a circular mucosa plication with combination of vacuum povidone-iodine-soaked sponge drainage led to a low acute leak and diversion rate. This pilot study requires further investigation.Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov.: Trial registration number is NCT04735107, date of registration February 2, 2021, registered retrospectively.
Regularity of Fourier integral operators with amplitudes in general Hörmander classes
Authors: Castro Alejandro J. , Israelsson Anders , Staubach Wolfgang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe prove the global $$L^p$$

L
p

-boundedness of Fourier integral operators that model the parametrices for hyperbolic partial differential equations, with amplitudes in classical Hörmander classes $$S^{m}_{\rho , \delta }(\mathbb {R}^n)$$

S

ρ
,
δ

m

(

R

n

)

for parameters $$0\le \rho \le 1$$

0
≤
ρ
≤
1

, $$0\le \delta <1$$

0
≤
δ
<
1

. We also consider the regularity of operators with amplitudes in the exotic class $$S^{m}_{0, \delta }(\mathbb {R}^n)$$

S

0
,
δ

m

(

R

n

)

, $$0\le \delta < 1$$

0
≤
δ
<
1

and the forbidden class $$S^{m}_{\rho , 1}(\mathbb {R}^n)$$

S

ρ
,
1

m

(

R

n

)

, $$0\le \rho \le 1.$$

0
≤
ρ
≤
1
.

Furthermore we show that despite the failure of the $$L^2$$

L
2

-boundedness of operators with amplitudes in the forbidden class $$S^{0}_{1, 1}(\mathbb {R}^n)$$

S

1
,
1

0

(

R

n

)

, the operators in question are bounded on Sobolev spaces $$H^s(\mathbb {R}^n)$$

H
s

(

R

n

)

with $$s>0.$$

s
>
0
.

This result extends those of Y. Meyer and E. M. Stein to the setting of Fourier integral operators.
Clerodane-type Diterpene Glycosides from Dicranopteris pedata
Authors: Gao Bei-Bei , Ou Yu-Fei , Zhu Qin-Feng , Zhou Zhi-Ping , Deng Zhen-Tao , Li Meng , Zhao Qin-Shi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThree new clerodane-type diterpene glycosides, (5R,6S,8R,9S,10R)-6-O-[β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl]cleroda-3,13(16),14-diene (1), (5R,6S,8R,9S,10R,13S)-6-O-[β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl]-2-ox-oneocleroda-3,13-dien-15-ol (2), (5R,6S,8R,9S,10R)-6-O-[β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl]-(13E)-2-oxoneocleroda-3,14-dien-13-ol (3), together with two known compounds 4 and 5 were isolated from Dicranopteris pedata. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by detailed spectroscopic analysis, and the absolute configuration of compound 2 was determined by ECD calculations. In addition, compound 1 exhibited weak inhibitory activities against SMMC-7721, MCF-7 and SW480.
Graphic Abstract
Weld thermal simulation of API 5CT L80 grade steel
Authors: Palanisamy Vinothkumar , Solberg Jan Ketil , Salberg Bjarne , Moe Per Thomas 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe microstructure and mechanical properties of an API 5CT L80 casing grade steel (0.24C 0,4Si 1.4Mn CrNiCu) have been studied after performing weld thermal simulations (with and without subsequent tempering) applying a thermal cycle weld simulator. Specimens were subjected to three different peak temperatures (1300 °C, 1150 °C, 950 °C) and five different cooling rates (1 °C/s, 3 °C/s, 5 °C/s, 10 °C/s, 60 °C/s) through the austenite transformation temperature range. Based on the microstructure, hardness values, and toughness properties of the simulated specimens, thermal cycles were selected and recommended for welding of L80 components by the SAG-FW (shielded active gas forge welding) method.
The transition from restrictive anorexia nervosa to binging and purging: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Serra Riccardo , Di Nicolantonio Chiara , Di Febo Riccardo , De Crescenzo Franco , Vanderlinden Johan , Vrieze Elske , Bruffaerts Ronny , Loriedo Camillo , Pasquini Massimo , Tarsitani Lorenzo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Numerous studies addressed the topic of behavioral and symptomatic changes in eating disorders. Rates of transition vary widely across studies, ranging from 0 to 70.8%, depending on the diagnoses taken into account and the study design. Evidence shows that the specific transition from restrictive-type anorexia nervosa (AN-R) to disorders involving binging and purging behaviors (BPB) is related to a worsening of the clinical picture and worse long-term outcomes. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to focus on this specific transition, review existing literature, and summarize related risk factors. Medline and PsycINFO databases were searched, including prospective and retrospective studies on individuals with AN-R. The primary outcome considered was the rate of onset of BPB. Twelve studies (N = 725 patients) were included in the qualitative and quantitative analysis. A total of 41.84% (95% CI 33.58–50.11) of patients with AN-R manifested BPB at some point during follow-up. Risk factors for the onset of BPB included potentially treatable and untreatable factors such as the family environment, unipolar depression and higher premorbid BMI. These findings highlight that patients with AN-R frequently transition to BPB over time, with a worsening of the clinical picture. Existing studies in this field are still insufficient and heterogeneous, and further research is needed. Mental health professionals should be aware of the frequent onset of BPB in AN-R and its risk factors and take this information into account in the treatment of AN-R.

Level of evidence
Evidence obtained from a systematic review and meta-analysis, Level I.
Review of research on loosening of threaded fasteners
Authors: Gong Hao , Ding Xiaoyu , Liu Jianhua , Feng Huihua 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLoosening of threaded fasteners is a key failure mode, which is mainly caused by the slippage and friction behaviors on the thread and bearing surfaces, and will affect the integrity and reliability of products. Numerous scholars have conducted research on the loosening of threaded fasteners; however, comprehensive reviews on the loosening of threaded fasteners have been scarce. In this review article, we define loosening as a loss of preload and divide it into non-rotational and rotational loosening. The causes and mechanisms of non-rotational and rotational loosening are summarised. Some essential topics regarding loosening under transverse vibration have also attracted significant attention and have been investigated widely, including the loosening curve, critical condition of loosening, and influencing factors of loosening. The research carried out on these three topics is also summarised in this review. It is believed that our work will not only help new researchers quickly understand the state-of-the-art research on loosening, but also increase the knowledge of engineers on this critical subject. In the future, it is important to conduct more quantitative research on local slippage accumulation, and the relationship between local slippage accumulation and rotational loosening, which will have the potential to comprehensively unravel the loosening mechanism, and effectively guide the anti-loosening design of threaded fasteners.
Dynamic crushing behavior of closed-cell aluminum foams based on different space-filling unit cells
Authors: Talebi S. , Hedayati R. , Sadighi M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Closed-cell metal foams are cellular solids that show unique properties such as high strength to weight ratio, high energy absorption capacity, and low thermal conductivity. Due to being computation and cost effective, modeling the behavior of closed-cell foams using regular unit cells has attracted a lot of attention in this regard. Recent developments in additive manufacturing techniques which have made the production of rationally designed porous structures feasible has also contributed to recent increasing interest in studying the mechanical behavior of regular lattice structures. In this study, five different topologies namely Kelvin, Weaire–Phelan, rhombicuboctahedron, octahedral, and truncated cube are considered for constructing lattice structures. The effects of foam density and impact velocity on the stress–strain curves, first peak stress, and energy absorption capacity are investigated. The results showed that unit cell topology has a very significant effect on the stiffness, first peak stress, failure mode, and energy absorption capacity. Among all the unit cell types, the Kelvin unit cell demonstrated the most similar behavior to experimental test results. The Weaire–Phelan unit cell, while showing promising results in low and medium densities, demonstrated unstable behavior at high impact velocity. The lattice structures with high fractions of vertical walls (truncated cube and rhombicuboctahedron) showed higher stiffness and first peak stress values as compared to lattice structures with high ratio of oblique walls (Weaire–Phelan and Kelvin). However, as for the energy absorption capacity, other factors were important. The lattice structures with high cell wall surface area had higher energy absorption capacities as compared to lattice structures with low surface area. The results of this study are not only beneficial in determining the proper unit cell type in numerical modeling of dynamic behavior of closed-cell foams, but they are also advantageous in studying the dynamic behavior of additively manufactured lattice structures with different topologies.
Management of Patients With Normal Physical Exams and Ultrasound Evidence of Isolated Septal and Punctate Penile Scarring
Authors: Stern Noah , Punjani Nahid , Brock Gerald 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Atypical penile tunical lesions including isolated septal (ISS) and punctate scarring (PS) are an under recognized and difficult to treat subset of Peyronie's disease (PD) that often present with normal physical exams. Current guidelines provide little direction in the treatment of these men.

Aim
To review the results of our treatment approach in men with ISS and PS.

Methods
Data from all men undergoing duplex ultrasonography for either Peyronie's disease and/or erectile dysfunction over a 3-year period were reviewed. All men with ISS or PS and normal physical exams were included. First- and second-line treatment preferences and satisfaction with treatment in men with ISS and PS were retrospectively reviewed. Logistic regression was used to investigate associations between scar features and treatment preference

Main Outcome Measures
Treatment preference patterns, treatment satisfaction.

Results
A total of 217 men with ISS and 197 men with PS were identified. Of these, 71 ISS and 86 PS patients had normal physical exams. Majority of men in both ISS (70.4%) and PS (81.4%) cohorts initially opted for non-invasive management through either observation, oral therapy, or traction therapy. After initial management 84.5% of ISS and 93% of PS patients were satisfied with their results. A significant trend toward inflatable prostheses as second line therapy was seen in men with PS.

Conclusions
There is a mounting need for clinical guidance in order to best manage men with atypical PD in the absence of societal guidelines and high-quality studies. This series provides guidance to clinicians on the management of these men, suggesting that conservative therapy and education may be sufficient. A standardized approach of increasing invasiveness showed reasonable rates of satisfaction with minimally invasive therapies playing a prominent role.
Informed Consent and Informed Decision-Making in High-Risk Surgery: A Quantitative Analysis
Authors: Long Kristin L. , Ingraham Angela M. , Wendt Elizabeth M. , Saucke Megan C. , Balentine Courtney , Orne Jason , Pitt Susan C. 
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND:
Informed consent is an ethical and legal requirement that differs from informed decision-making—a collaborative process that fosters participation and provides information to help patients reach treatment decisions. The objective of this study was to measure informed consent and informed decision-making before major surgery.

STUDY DESIGN:
We audio-recorded 90 preoperative patient-surgeon conversations before major cardiothoracic, vascular, oncologic, and neurosurgical procedures at 3 centers in the US and Canada. Transcripts were scored for 11 elements of informed consent based on the American College of Surgeons’ definition and 9 elements of informed decision-making using Braddock's validated scale. Uni- and bivariate analyses tested associations between decision outcomes as well as patient, consultation, and surgeon characteristics.

RESULTS:
Overall, surgeons discussed more elements of informed consent than informed decision-making. They most frequently described the nature of the illness, the operation, and potential complications, but were less likely to assess patient understanding. When a final treatment decision was deferred, surgeons were more likely to discuss elements of informed decision-making focusing on uncertainty (50% vs 15%, p = 0.006) and treatment alternatives (63% vs 27%, p = 0.02). Conversely, when surgery was scheduled, surgeons completed more elements of informed consent. These results were not associated with the presence of family, history of previous surgery, location, or surgeon specialty.

CONCLUSIONS:
Surgeons routinely discuss components of informed consent with patients before high-risk surgery. However, surgeons often fail to review elements unique to informed decision-making, such as the patients’ role in the decision, their daily life, uncertainty, understanding, or patient preference.
Hydrodynamic Constraints on Ore Formation by Basin‐Scale Fluid Flow at Continental Margins: Modelling Zn Metallogenesis in the Devonian Selwyn Basin
Authors: Rodríguez Alejandro , Weis Philipp , Magnall Joseph M. , Gleeson Sarah A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe clastic‐dominant (CD‐type) deposits that are contained within sedimentary basins are major resources of Zn, Pb and Ag, but their formation by basin‐scale hydrothermal mass and energy transport processes is still poorly understood. Using geological constraints from the Late Devonian Selwyn Basin (Canada), we apply quantitative numerical fluid flow modeling to explore the effect of strata permeability, timing of fault opening and increased heat flow in controlling fluid migration, metal leaching and ore formation during an extensional tectonic event. The results indicate that tapping hot fluids from a confined and permeable aquifer at several km depths by means of permeable normal faults is a key factor for the formation of large Zn‐Pb deposits. The hot (282°C) ore‐forming fluids are transported to the shallow subsurface shortly after the initiation of a rifting event (within 100 kyr), before the development of extensive basin‐scale convection patterns that lead to stronger cooling and a reduction in the capacity of the hydrothermal system to make an economic deposit. Such a hydrothermal event can result in metal endowments comparable to the deposits of the Selwyn Basin.
Influence of Two Eddy Pairs on High‐Salinity Water Intrusion in the Northern South China Sea During Fall‐Winter 2015/2016
Authors: Wang Xiangpeng , Du Yan , Zhang Yuhong , Wang Aimei , Wang Tianyu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTwo processes of high‐salinity water (≥34.7 psu; HSW) intrusion were recorded by an Argo float in the northeastern South China Sea (SCS) during fall‐winter of 2015/2016. Combined with the satellite altimetry and reanalysis data, the influence of related eddy pairs on HSW transport was investigated. The results show that apart from the Kuroshio‐originated anticyclonic eddy (AE), the localized cyclonic eddy (CE), and the westward jet between the eddy pair all contributed to the HSW transport. In the first process, the effect of eddy trapping accounted for 74% of the HSW transport, while the associated jet accounted for the residual 26%. The contribution of the southern CE was stronger than that of the northern AE. In the second process, the Kuroshio‐originated AE and its southern jet dominated the HSW transport. The westward jet conveyed abundant HSW to the interior SCS before the eddy pair propagated westward, accounting for 52% of HSW transport, while AE accounted for 43% and CE for 5%. Energy analysis showed that barotropic and baroclinic instabilities were important for the generation and growth of the AE in both processes, and CE in the first process was produced by baroclinic instability and wind stress work, while CE in the second process was predominantly triggered by barotropic instability. The development of eddy pairs combined with the SCS interior circulation jointly affected the HSW transport. This study identified the important contributions from two eddy pairs and discussed the effect of interior circulation‐Kuroshio interaction on HSW intrusion in the northern SCS.
Tsunami Resonance Characterization in Japan Due to Trans‐Pacific Sources: Response on the Bay and Continental Shelf
Authors: Wang Y. , Zamora N. , Quiroz M. , Satake K. , Cienfuegos R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe tsunami resonance leads to the amplification of wave heights and extends the duration of wave activity. For tsunami warning and coastal planning, it is important to understand resonance behavior. We characterized the tsunami resonance of trans‐Pacific events in the bays and continental shelves of Japan, focusing on the Hokkaido and Sanriku regions. We considered five tsunami events with sources in the Peru–Chile subduction zone and the Alaska–Aleutian subduction zone. Spectral analysis was applied to observed and synthetic waveforms at coastal tide gauges and offshore GPS gauges to study the frequency content of tsunami energy, and modal analysis was conducted to investigate the eigen‐modes of the natural oscillation affected by regional and local bathymetry. It was found that the signatures of trans‐Pacific tsunami sources are lost in the spectra at most coastal gauges, but they partly remain in the spectra at offshore gauges, which are affected less significantly by topography or bathymetry. The predominant periods in the spectra at most coastal gauges match the eigen‐periods of natural oscillation calculated by modal analysis. Hence, we confirmed that regional or local bathymetry is the dominant factor in the resonance behaviors of trans‐Pacific tsunami events, rather than the source location or geometry. These findings are based on the systematic assessment of trans‐Pacific sources and have implications for tsunami warning and coastal planning along the Pacific coast of Japan.
Reducing Evaporation From Water Reservoirs Using Floating Lattice Structures
Authors: Assouline Shmuel , Narkis Kfir 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTo accommodate the increase in irrigation water demand, millions of reservoirs were built during the last decades all over the world, but half of the stored water is lost to evaporation. Opaque floating elements are used to cover the reservoirs and suppress evaporation. However, they limit light transmission and oxygen exchange, thus preventing the coupling of fish farming with irrigation. The concept of open, lattice‐like, structures that suppress evaporation while allowing transfer of light and oxygen to the water is presented here. Experimental results under laboratory conditions show that the structure studied has reduced the wind speed above the free water surface, and has suppressed evaporation by 40%–60%. The performances of the lattice‐like structure were compared to those of floating balls. In the absence of wind, the balls that cover ∼90% of the water surface with opaque material are much more efficient in suppressing evaporation than the lattice structure that leaves ∼90% of the water surface uncovered. When the wind blows, the balls‐cover is still more efficient in suppressing evaporation than the lattice structure. However, the ratio between evaporation from the basin covered with the lattice structure and the one covered with balls is higher than 0.75. That shows that the performances of the investigated structure are equivalent to opaque elements covering 50%–85% of the surface. This emphasizes the high efficiency of the proposed concept to achieve significant evaporation suppression while ensuring transfer of light and oxygen, thus allowing efficient management of dual reservoirs.