bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A ladder that matters: Conceptual development of a clinical ladder program for nurse practitioners and physician assistants
Authors: Kauffman Katie R. , Cline Genieveve J. , Hays Stacia M. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
Clinical ladders are professional enhancement models that encourage and reward participants for continued professional engagement and leadership development. They have the potential to affect patient care through improved provider retention, advanced and refined clinical skills, and increased engagement. Recent literature has demonstrated development and implementation of clinical ladder models for nurse practitioners (NPs) in the acute care setting. A free standing pediatric academic hospital in Florida identified the need for such a program for nurse practitioners and given its increased utilization of physician assistants, these providers were also targeted for inclusion. This new clinical ladder included development strategies appropriate and attainable for both NP and PA scopes of practice. Consistent with Benner's theory of novice to expert (1982), each advancing rung in the ladder contains more stringent criteria and additional competencies demonstrating increased engagement, learning, and leadership. As this was a development project only, future directions for the new model include implementation and evaluation of various metrics including nurse practitioner and physician assistant retention and satisfaction. This model has laid the foundation for ladder development for additional health care professions within the institution.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease risk assessment tools: is one better than the others?
Authors: Wang Jennifer M. , Han MeiLan K. , Labaki Wassim W. 
Published: October 2021

Purpose of review
Risk assessment tools are essential in COPD care to help clinicians identify patients at higher risk of accelerated lung function decline, respiratory exacerbations, hospitalizations, and death.

Recent findings
Conventional methods of assessing risk have focused on spirometry, patient-reported symptoms, functional status, and a combination of these tools in composite indices. More recently, qualitatively and quantitatively assessed chest imaging findings, such as emphysema, large and small airways disease, and pulmonary vascular abnormalities have been associated with poor long-term outcomes in COPD patients. Although several blood and sputum biomarkers have been investigated for risk assessment in COPD, most still warrant further validation. Finally, novel remote digital monitoring technologies may be valuable to predict exacerbations but their large-scale performance, ease of implementation, and cost effectiveness remain to be determined.

Summary
Given the complex heterogeneity of COPD, any single metric is unlikely to fully capture the risk of poor long-term outcomes. Therefore, clinicians should review all available clinical data, including spirometry, symptom severity, functional status, chest imaging, and bloodwork, to guide personalized preventive care of COPD patients. The potential of machine learning tools and remote monitoring technologies to refine COPD risk assessment is promising but remains largely untapped pending further investigation.
Obstructive lung diseases burden and COVID-19 in developing countries: a perspective
Authors: Aggarwal Ashutosh N. , Prasad Kuruswamy Thurai , Muthu Valliappan 
Published: October 2021

Purpose of review
Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are widely prevalent disorders, and important contributors to morbidity and mortality, in both developing and developed countries. It is conjectured that these obstructive lung diseases may have had more deleterious effects in developing nations during the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. We provide an evidence-based perspective on the relationship between asthma/COPD prevalence and COVID-19 burden, and the impact of comorbid asthma/COPD on selected COVID-19 outcomes and healthcare utilization, with special reference to developing countries.

Recent findings
Developing countries with higher COPD (but not asthma) prevalence appear to have higher COVID-19 related mortality. Patients with asthma (but not COPD) in developing countries may be less likely to acquire COVID-19. Published literature suggests that the overall impact of comorbid asthma or COPD on adverse COVID-19 outcomes may be broadly similar between developed and developing nations.

Summary
There is paucity of information on interaction between asthma/COPD and COVID-19 in developing countries. Limited data suggest minor differences between developed and developing nations. In view of inadequacies in healthcare preparedness and delivery in several developing countries, there is a need to generate quality evidence to assess impact of obstructive lung diseases and COVID-19 on each other.
Long-acting cabotegravir and rilpivirine for HIV-1 suppression: switch to 2-monthly dosing after 5 years of daily oral therapy
Authors: Mills Anthony , Richmond Gary J. , Newman Cheryl , Osiyemi Olayemi , Cade Jerry , Brinson Cynthia , De Vente Jerome , Margolis David A. , Sutton Kenneth C. , Wilches Viviana , Hatch Sarah , Roberts Jeremy , McCoig Cynthia , Garris Cindy , Vandermeulen Kati , Spreen William R. 
Published: October 2021

Objectives:
Long-acting formulations of cabotegravir (CAB) and rilpivirine (RPV) have demonstrated efficacy in Phase 3 studies. POLAR (NCT03639311) assessed antiviral activity and safety of CAB+RPV long-acting administered every 2 months (Q2M) in adults living with HIV-1 who previously received daily oral CAB+RPV in LATTE (NCT01641809).

Design:
A Phase 2b, multicenter, open-label, rollover study.

Methods:
LATTE participants with plasma HIV-1 RNA less than 50 copies/ml who completed at least 300 weeks on study were eligible. Participants elected to switch to either CAB+RPV long-acting Q2M or daily oral dolutegravir/RPV for maintenance of virologic suppression. The primary endpoint was the proportion of participants with HIV-1 RNA greater than or equal to 50 copies/ml at Month 12 (M12) per the Food and Drug Administration Snapshot algorithm. The incidence of confirmed virologic failure (CVF, two consecutive HIV-1 RNA measurements greater than or equal to 200 copies/ml), as well as safety, laboratory, and patient-reported outcomes (HIV Treatment Satisfaction and preference questionnaires) were also assessed.

Results:
Of 97 participants enrolled, 90 chose to receive CAB+RPV long-acting and seven chose dolutegravir/RPV. At M12, no participant had HIV-1 RNA greater than or equal to 50 copies/ml or met the CVF criterion in either treatment group. No new safety signals were identified. Total treatment satisfaction was high at Baseline and remained stable through M12 across both treatment groups. Overall, 88% (n = 77/88) of long-acting arm participants preferred CAB+RPV long-acting to oral CAB+RPV.

Conclusion:
CAB+RPV long-acting maintained virologic suppression in participants who had previously received daily oral CAB+RPV for at least 5 years in LATTE, with a favorable safety profile. Most participants preferred CAB+RPV long-acting to their prior oral CAB+RPV regimen at M12.
Mast seeding promotes evolution of scatter-hoarding
Authors: Zwolak Rafał , Clement Dale , Sih Andrew , Schreiber Sebastian J. 
Published: October 2021

Many plant species worldwide are dispersed by scatter-hoarding granivores: animals that hide seeds in numerous, small caches for future consumption. Yet, the evolution of scatter-hoarding is difficult to explain because undefended caches are at high risk of pilferage. Previous models have attempted to solve this problem by giving cache owners large advantages in cache recovery, by kin selection, or by introducing reciprocal pilferage of ‘shared’ seed resources. However, the role of environmental variability has been so far overlooked in this context. One important form of such variability is masting, which is displayed by many plant species dispersed by scatterhoarders. We use a mathematical model to investigate the influence of masting on the evolution of scatter-hoarding. The model accounts for periodically varying annual seed fall, caching and pilfering behaviour, and the demography of scatterhoarders. The parameter values are based mostly on research on European beech (Fagus sylvatica) and yellow-necked mice (Apodemus flavicollis). Starvation of scatterhoarders between mast years decreases the population density that enters masting events, which leads to reduced seed pilferage. Satiation of scatterhoarders during mast events lowers the reproductive cost of caching (i.e. the cost of caching for the future rather than using seeds for current reproduction). These reductions promote the evolution of scatter-hoarding behaviour especially when interannual variation in seed fall and the period between masting events are large.This article is part of the theme issue ‘The ecology and evolution of synchronized seed production in plants’.
Understanding mast seeding for conservation and land management
Authors: Pearse Ian S. , Wion Andreas P. , Gonzalez Angela D. , Pesendorfer Mario B. 
Published: October 2021

Masting, the intermittent and synchronous production of large seed crops, can have profound consequences for plant populations and the food webs that are built on their seeds. For centuries, people have recorded mast crops because of their importance in managing wildlife populations. In the past 30 years, we have begun to recognize the importance of masting in conserving and managing many other aspects of the environment: promoting the regeneration of forests following fire or other disturbance, conserving rare plants, conscientiously developing the use of edible seeds as non-timber forest products, coping with the consequences of extinctions on seed dispersal, reducing the impacts of plant invasions with biological control, suppressing zoonotic diseases and preventing depredation of endemic fauna. We summarize current instances and future possibilities of a broad set of applications of masting. By exploring in detail several case studies, we develop new perspectives on how solutions to pressing conservation and land management problems may benefit by better understanding the dynamics of seed production. A lesson common to these examples is that masting can be used to time management, and often, to do this effectively, we need models that explicitly forecast masting and the dynamics of seed-eating animals into the near-term future.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘The ecology and evolution of synchronized seed production in plants’.
A brief history of masting research
Authors: Koenig Walter D. 
Published: October 2021

Although it has long been recognized that seed production by many forest trees varies greatly from year to year, masting (along with ‘mast fruiting’, ‘mast seeding’ and ‘masting behaviour’) as a concept referring to such variability is a relatively recent development. Here, I provide a brief history of masting research, highlighting some of the early contributions by foresters, zoologists and others that paved the way for the burgeoning number of studies currently being conducted by researchers around the world. Of particular current interest is work attempting to understand the proximate mechanisms, evolutionary drivers and community effects of this important ecological phenomenon as well as the ways that climate change may influence masting behaviour in the future.This article is part of the theme issue ‘The ecology and evolution of synchronized seed production in plants'.
Temporal and spatial analysis of Plasmodium falciparum genomics reveals patterns of connectivity in a low-transmission district in Southern Province, Zambia
Authors: Moser Kara A. , Aydemir Ozkan , Hennelly Chris , Kobayashi Tamaki , Shields Timothy , Hamapumbu Harry , Musonda Michael , Katowa Ben , Matoba Japhet , Stevenson Jennifer C. , Norris Douglas E. , Thuma Philip E. , Wesolowski Amy , Moss William J. , Bailey Jeffrey A. , Juliano Jonathan J. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTUnderstanding temporal and spatial dynamics of ongoing malaria transmission will be critical to inform effective interventions and elimination strategies in low transmission regions approaching elimination. Parasite genomics are being used as a tool to monitor epidemiologic trends, including assessing residual transmission across seasons or importation of malaria into these regions. Southern Province, Zambia is a low-transmission setting with seasonal malaria. We genotyped 441 Plasmodium falciparum samples using molecular inversion probes at 1,832 positions across the genome, using dried blood spots collected from 2012-2018 from 8 health centers in the catchment area of Macha Hospital in Choma District. We show that highly related parasites persist across multiple seasons, suggesting that the persistence of malaria is at least in part fueled by parasites “seeding” across the dry season. In addition, we identify clusters of clonal parasites that are dissimilar to the general population, suggesting that introduction of parasites from elsewhere may contribute to the continued malaria burden. We identified signals of population size fluctuation over the course of individual transmission seasons, suggesting a ramp-up of malaria transmission from a season’s beginning. Despite the small spatial scale of the study (2,000 sq km), we identified an inverse relationship between genetic relatedness of parasite pairs and distance between health centers, as well as increased relatedness between specific health centers. These results, leveraging both genomic and epidemiological data, provide a comprehensive picture of fluctuations in parasite populations in this pre-elimination setting of southern Zambia.
Using random forests to understand unrecognized progression to late-stage CKD, a case-control study
Authors: Hane Christopher , Dunning Stephan , McPheeters Jeff , Mosely David , Clair Russell Jennifer St. , Spencer Donna 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground and objectivesPatients with undiagnosed CKD are at increased risk of suboptimal dialysis initiation and therefore reduced access to home dialysis and transplantation as well as poor outcomes. Improved understanding of how patients remain undiagnosed is important to determine better intervention strategies.Design, setting, participants, and measurementsA retrospective, matched, case-control analysis of 1,535,053 patients was performed to identify factors differentiating 4 patient types: unrecognized late-stage CKD, recognized late-stage CKD, early-stage CKD and a control group without CKD. The sample included patients with commercial insurance, Medicare Advantage, and Medicare fee-for service coverage. Patient demographics, comorbidities, health care utilization, and prescription use were analyzed using random forests to determine the most salient features discriminating the types. Models were built using all four types, as well as pairwise for each type versus the unrecognized late-stage type.ResultsArea under the curve for the three pairwise models (unrecognized late-stage vs recognized late-stage; unrecognized late-stage vs early-stage; unrecognized late-stage vs no CKD) were 82%, 68% and 82%.ConclusionsThe lower performance of the unrecognized late-stage vs early-stage model indicates a greater similarity of these two patient groups. The unrecognized late-stage CKD group is not simply avoiding or unable to get care in a manner distinguishable from the early-stage group. New outreach for CKD to undiagnosed or undetected, insured patients should look more closely at patient sets that are like diagnosed early-stage CKD patients.
Peripheral optical coherence tomography assisted by scleral depression in retinopathy of prematurity
Authors: Scruggs Brittni A. , Ni Shuibin , Nguyen Thanh-Tin P. , Ostmo Susan , Chiang Michael F. , Jia Yali , Huang David , Jian Yifan , Campbell J. Peter 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo determine whether handheld widefield optical coherence tomography (OCT) can be used to document retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) stage while using scleral depression to improve peripheral views.DesignProspective observational studyParticipantsConsecutive neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in a single academic medical center who also met criteria for ROP screening and consented for research imaging.MethodsScleral depression was combined with widefield OCT using an investigational 400-kHz, 55-degree field of view handheld OCT during ROP screening from October 28, 2020 to March 03, 2021.Main Outcome MeasuresAcquisition of en face and B-scan imaging of the peripheral retina to objectively assess early vitreoretinal pathology, including the demarcation between vascularized and anterior avascular retina, the presence of early ridge formation, and small neovascular tufts.ResultsVarious stages of ROP were detected using a rapid acquisition OCT system. In one neonate, serial OCT imaging over a five-week period demonstrated accumulation of neovascular tufts with progression to stage 3 ROP with extraretinal fibrovascular proliferation along the ridge. Videography of this technique is included in this report for instructional purposes.ConclusionsSerial examinations using widefield OCT and scleral depression may improve detection and documentation of ROP disease progression. Earlier detection of ROP-related proliferation may prevent vitreoretinal traction, retinal detachment, and blindness.
Long-term evolution of antibiotic persistence in P. aeruginosa lung infections
Authors: Ghoul Melanie , Andersen Sandra B. , Johansen Helle Krogh , Jelsbak Lars , Molin Søren , Perron Gabriel , Griffin Ashleigh S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPathogenic bacteria respond to antibiotic pressure with the evolution of resistance but survival can also depend on their ability to tolerate antibiotic treatment, known as persistence. While a variety of resistance mechanisms and underlying genetics are well characterised in vitro and in vivo, the evolution of persistence, and how it interacts with resistance in situ is less well understood. We assayed for persistence and resistance with three clinically relevant antibiotics: meropenem, ciprofloxacin and tobramycin, in isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from chronic cystic fibrosis lung infections spanning up to forty years of evolution. We find evidence that persistence is under positive selection in the lung and that it can particularly act as an evolutionary stepping stone to resistance. However, this pattern is not universal and depends on the bacterial clone type and antibiotic used, indicating an important role for antibiotic mode of action.
Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily-conserved hepatic macrophage niches
Authors: Guilliams Martin , Bonnardel Johnny , Haest Birthe , Vanderborght Bart , Bujko Anna , Martens Liesbet , Thoné Tinne , Browaeys Robin , De Ponti Federico F. , Remmerie Anneleen , Wagner Camille , Vanneste Bavo , Zwicker Christian , Vanhalewyn Tineke , Gonçalves Amanda , Lippens Saskia , Devriendt Bert , Cox Eric , Ferrero Giuliano , Wittamer Valerie , Willaert Andy , Kaptein Suzanne J.F. , Neyts Johan , Dallmeier Kai , Geldhof Peter , Casaert Stijn , Deplancke Bart , ten Dijke Peter , Hoorens Anne , Vanlander Aude , Berrevoet Frederik , Van Nieuwenhove Yves , Saeys Yvan , Saelens Wouter , Van Vlierberghe Hans , Devisscher Lindsey , Scott Charlotte L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe liver is the largest solid organ in the body, yet it remains incompletely characterized. Here, we present a spatial proteogenomic atlas of the healthy human and murine liver combining single-cell CITE-seq, single-nuclei sequencing, spatial transcriptomics and spatial proteomics. By integrating these multi-omic datasets, we provide validated strategies to reliably discriminate and localize all hepatic cells. We then align this atlas across seven species, revealing the conserved program of bona fide Kupffer cells and bile-duct macrophages. We also uncover the respective spatially-resolved cellular niches of these macrophages and the microenvironmental circuits driving their unique transcriptomic identities. We demonstrate that bile-duct macrophages are induced by local lipid exposure, while Kupffer cells crucially depend on their crosstalk with hepatic stellate cells via the evolutionarily-conserved ALK1-BMP9/10 axis.
Identification of binding interaction between Curcumin derivative and PERK13 Proline rich receptor like protein kinase protein using In silico docking techniques – to help plants tackle salt water
Authors: Vaithyanathan Prakash 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionArabidopsis thaliana, mouse ear cress or thale cress are small flowering plants included in the cruciferae family. They comprise of various characteristics such as diploid genetics, small genome size, rapid growth cycle, and relatively low repetitive DNA content, making it a perfect model for plant genome projects.ObjectiveThe aim of this present Insilico research study is to carry out molecular drug docking studies between PERK13-Proline rich receptor like protein kinase and De O Acetylated Curcumin Di Galactose or di–galactosylated curcumin, a derivative of curcumin. PERK13 protein is considered to play a significant role in helping plants tackle salinity levels in water.MethodsIn this study, protein modelling tools and servers are used to model the 3D structure and the same is validated using Protein structure validation tools. Automated drug docking servers were used to dock the modelled protein with the chemical compound to analyse the electrostatic (H bond) interaction between PERK13 and De O Acetylated Curcumin Di Galactose, a better water-soluble compound than curcumin. The docked structure was visualized using an advanced molecular visualization tool.Results and DiscussionThe overall results obtained from this study on De O Acetylated Curcumin Di Galactose and PERK13 protein shows that De O Acetylated Curcumin Di Galactose, directly binds with the active site and other potentially binding regions of PERK13. Hence, it is concluded that De O Acetylated Curcumin Di Galactose could potentially play a vital role in future research related to the problem of helping the plants tackle increased saline levels in water.