bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does rocking motion calm delirious patients in ICU? A multicentre randomised clinical trial protocol (RockingICU)
Authors: Collet Marie Oxenbøll , Nielsen Gitte Meldgaard , Bang Benita , Lærkner Eva , Fischer Susanne , Langvad Anne , Thorn Linette , Lange Theis , Egerod Ingrid 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundRocking chair therapy has been explored in patients with dementia to promote the feeling of relaxation, but not in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients with delirium.AimThe aim is to investigate the effect of a chair with or without rocking motion on the duration of delirium and intensity of agitation in critically ill patients admitted to the ICU.DesignThis is an investigator‐initiated pragmatic, multicentre, parallel‐grouped, centrally randomised, stratified, data analyst‐blinded trial.MethodWe will include patients for 1:1 web‐based randomisation, stratified by site in patients 18 y or older with a positive delirium score identified by a validated tool. We will exclude patients mainly due to mobilisation restrictions, body weight exceeding 130 kg, inability to provide consent, and presence of multiresistant bacteria or viral droplet infections. The intervention group will receive a minimum of 20 min of rocking therapy daily. The control group will be transferred to the same type of chair but without rocking therapy daily. A power calculation with a risk reduction of 20%, a power of 80% with an alpha cut‐off on 5% and further 20% inclusion gives 76 patients in intervention and control group reaching a total of n = 152 inclusion in the trial.ConclusionThe RockingICU trial will provide important new knowledge and raise research questions regarding nonpharmacological interventions to alleviate delirium in ICU patients.
NAD+ supplementation prevents STING‐induced senescence in ataxia telangiectasia by improving mitophagy
Authors: Yang Beimeng , Dan Xiuli , Hou Yujun , Lee Jong‐Hyuk , Wechter Noah , Krishnamurthy Sudarshan , Kimura Risako , Babbar Mansi , Demarest Tyler , McDevitt Ross , Zhang Shiliang , Zhang Yongqing , Mattson Mark P. , Croteau Deborah L. , Bohr Vilhelm A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSenescence phenotypes and mitochondrial dysfunction are implicated in aging and in premature aging diseases, including ataxia telangiectasia (A‐T). Loss of mitochondrial function can drive age‐related decline in the brain, but little is known about whether improving mitochondrial homeostasis alleviates senescence phenotypes. We demonstrate here that mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular senescence with a senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP) occur in A‐T patient fibroblasts, and in ATM‐deficient cells and mice. Senescence is mediated by stimulator of interferon genes (STING) and involves ectopic cytoplasmic DNA. We further show that boosting intracellular NAD+ levels with nicotinamide riboside (NR) prevents senescence and SASP by promoting mitophagy in a PINK1‐dependent manner. NR treatment also prevents neurodegeneration, suppresses senescence and neuroinflammation, and improves motor function in Atm−/− mice. Our findings suggest a central role for mitochondrial dysfunction‐induced senescence in A‐T pathogenesis, and that enhancing mitophagy as a potential therapeutic intervention.
Comparative bibliometric analysis of publications by past Royal Australasian College of Surgeons research scholarship recipients
Authors: Williamson Penny , Tan Lorwai , Truskett Philip , Saunders Christobel , Angus James , Babidge Wendy J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe Royal Australasian College of Surgeons awards scholarships to surgeons, surgical trainees and recipients focused on developing their clinical knowledge and improving outcomes for patients. A bibliometric analysis of research scholarship recipients publications and h‐index scores was conducted to understand the benefits of receiving these scholarships.MethodsA bibliometric analysis of Royal Australasian College of Surgeons scholarship recipients in 2015 was performed using Open Researcher and Contributor ID (ORCID), Scopus, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, LinkedIn and PubMed to identify the number of publications, h‐index scores, field‐weighted citation impact and the relative citation ratio.ResultsNineteen research scholarship recipients authored 842 publications, with 491 (58%) published after completion of their scholarship. Seven recipients published 50% or more of their articles in the 5 years since completion. Five recipients have each published more than 45 articles since 2015. H‐index scores varied between Scopus and Google Scholar (overall range: 4–34). Scopus identified the most publications, followed by ResearchGate. Determining publication numbers for recipients was problematic due to self‐reporting in some databases (i.e. Google Scholar, ResearchGate), variations in author names (i.e. maiden to married name), duplication of publications and the inclusion of supplementary material (i.e. extra tables) in self‐reporting databases. Field‐weighted citation impact and relative citation ratio values exceeded 1 on 12 occasions demonstrating recipients are more cited than the global average.ConclusionContinuous tracking of publication rates and h‐index scores of scholarship recipients demonstrates recipients' continuing interest in advancing and disseminating medical knowledge to improve patient outcomes. The 2015 scholarship recipients publication numbers continued to increase after their scholarship tenure.
The Life Cycle of the Libyan Coastal Highway: Italian Colonialism, Coloniality, and the Future of Reparative Justice in the Mediterranean
Authors: Distretti Emilio 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper explores the role of the Libyan Coastal Highway across history: originally built by fascist Italy during colonisation, in the postcolonial era Libya demanded Italy commit to the construction of a new motorway as part of the reparation process for its crimes. Only in 2008 was an agreement reached. Through it, Italy used the promise to build a new road as a bargaining‐chip to secure Qaddafi’s cooperation in containing migrant mobility across the Mediterranean. This paper explores the different ways in which the Libyan road has endured as a space and a tool of power by tracing historical and political continuities across time, from colonisation to demands for postcolonial reparations and migration governance. Drawing inspiration from the notion of “coloniality”, the paper investigates the colonial continuum expressed by the Italian/Libyan reparation process, and seeks to posit alternative pathways towards the unresolved question of postcolonial justice around the Mediterranean.
Mental health problems and fear of childbirth: A cohort study of women in an inner‐city maternity service
Authors: Nath Selina , Lewis Lucy N. , Bick Debra , Demilew Jill , Howard Louise M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo estimate the population prevalence of severe fear of childbirth (FOC) during pregnancy and investigate its association with: (a) antenatal common mental disorders (depression and anxiety disorder) and (b) elective cesarean birth.Methods545 participants from an inner‐city London maternity population were interviewed soon after their first antenatal appointment (mean gestation: 14 weeks). Current mental disorders were assessed using the Structured Clinical Interview DSM‐IV. FOC was measured using the Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire (WDEQ‐A) at approximately 28 weeks gestation (n = 377), with severe FOC defined using a cutoff of WDEQ‐A ≥ 85. Birth mode information was collected at 3 months post‐delivery using an adapted Adult Service Use Schedule. Linear regressions were used to model associations, adjusting for the effects of covariates (age, parity, relationship status, education, and planned pregnancy). Sampling weights were used to adjust for bias introduced by the stratified sampling. We also accounted for missing data within the analysis.ResultsThe estimated population prevalence of severe FOC was 3% (95% CI: 2%‐6%) (n = 377). Depression and anxiety were significantly associated with severe FOC after adjustment for covariates (45% vs 11%; coefficient: 15.75, 95% CI: 8.08‐23.42, P < .001). There was a weak association between severe FOC and elective cesarean birth.ConclusionsSevere FOC occurs in around 3% of the population. Depression and anxiety are associated with FOC. Pregnant people with depression and anxiety may be at increased risk of experiencing severe FOC. Attitudes toward childbirth should be assessed as part of routine clinical assessment of pregnant people in contact with mental health services.
Landscape of immune cell infiltration in clear cell renal cell carcinoma to aid immunotherapy
Authors: Bai Dan , Feng Huhu , Yang Jiajun , Yin Aiping , Qian Airong , Sugiyama Hiroshi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe tumor microenvironment, comprised of tumor cells and tumor‐infiltrating immune cells, is closely associated with the clinical outcome of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) patients. However, the landscape of immune infiltration in ccRCC has not been fully elucidated. Herein, we applied multiple computational methods and various datasets to reveal the immune infiltrative landscape of ccRCC patients. The tumor immune infiltration (TII) levels of 525 ccRCC patients using a single‐sample gene were examined and further categorized into immune infiltration subgroups. The TII score was characterized by distinct clinical traits and showed a significant divergence based on gender, grade, and stage. A high TII score was associated with the ERBB signaling pathway, the TGF‐β signaling pathway, and the MTOR signaling pathway, as well as a better prognosis. Furthermore, patients with high TII scores exhibited greater sensitivity to pazopanib. The low TII score was characterized by a high immune infiltration level of CD8+ T cells, T follicular helper cells, and regulatory T cells (Tregs). Moreover, the immune check point genes, including CTLA‐4, LAG3, PD‐1, and IDO1, presented a high expression level in the low TII score group. Patients in the high TII score group demonstrated significant therapeutic advantages and clinical benefits. The findings in this study have the potential to assist in the strategic design of immunotherapeutic treatments for ccRCC.
A novel bi‐allelic loss‐of‐function mutation in STIM1 expands the phenotype of STIM1‐related diseases
Authors: Salvi Alexandra , Skrypnyk Cristina , Da Silva Nathalie , Urtizberea Jon Andoni , Bakhiet Moiz , Robert Catherine , Lévy Nicolas , Megarbané André , Delague Valérie , Bartoli Marc 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSTIM1, the stromal interaction molecule 1, is the key protein for maintaining calcium concentration in the endoplasmic reticulum by triggering the Store Operated Calcium Entry (SOCE). Bi‐allelic mutations in STIM1 gene are responsible for a loss‐of‐function in patients affected with a CRAC channelopathy syndrome in which severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome (SCID‐like), autoimmunity, ectodermal dysplasia and muscle hypotonia are combined. Here, we studied two siblings from a consanguineous Syrian family, presenting with muscle weakness, hyperlaxity, elastic skin, tooth abnormalities, dysmorphic facies, hypoplastic patellae and history of respiratory infections. Using exome sequencing, we have identified a new homozygous frameshift mutation in STIM1: c.685delT [p.(Phe229Leufs*12)], leading to a complete loss of STIM1 protein. In this study, we describe an unusual phenotype linked to STIM1 mutations, combining clinical signs usually observed in different STIM1‐related diseases. In particular, we confirmed that the complete loss of STIM1 function is not always associated with severe immune disorders. Altogether, our results broaden the spectrum of phenotypes associated with mutations in STIM1 and opens new perspectives on the pathological mechanisms associated with a defect in the proteins constituting the SOCE complex.
The inaugural World Report on Hearing: From barriers to a platform for change
Authors: McMahon Catherine M. , Nieman Carrie L. , Thorne Peter R. , Emmett Susan D. , Bhutta Mahmood F. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe inaugural World Report on Hearing was recently published by the World Health Organisation, and outlines the burden of hearing loss, and strategies to overcome this through preventative and public health approaches. Here, we identify barriers to wide‐scale adoption, including historic low prioritisation of hearing loss against other public health needs, a lack of a health workforce with relevant training, poor access to assistive technology, and individual and community‐level stigma and misunderstanding. Overcoming these barriers will require multi‐sector stakeholder collaboration, involving ear and hearing care professionals, patients, communities, industry and policymakers.
The use of transbronchial cryobiopsy for diffuse parenchymal lung disease in critically ill patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure—A case series
Authors: Matta Atul , Gupta Ena , Swank Zulma , Aragaki‐Nakahodo Alejandro , Cooley Joseph , Caudell‐Stamper Danielle N. , Benzaquen Sadia 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesAccurate diagnosis and management of undifferentiated diffuse parenchymal lung disease (DPLD) in critically ill patients is challenging. Transbronchial forceps biopsies have limited utility and surgical lung biopsies can be detrimental for critically ill patients. Transbronchial cryobiopsy (TBC) has shown increased diagnostic yield compared to conventional forceps biopsy in DPLD. However, TBC has not been studied in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. In this case series, we describe our experience with TBC for diagnosis of DPLD in ICU patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure.MethodsThis case series includes critically ill patients who underwent TBC at two different tertiary care hospitals. Procedures were performed by the same interventional pulmonologist using the two therapeutic bronchoscopes with a 2.8‐mm working channel, and a 1.9‐ or 2.4‐mm cryoprobe.ResultsWe performed TBC in 17 patients of which 12 (70.1%) were performed at bedside in ICU without fluoroscopic guidance. Pathological diagnosis was made in 15 (88%) patients which resulted in changes in management in most of these patients. Six patients (35.3%) developed pneumothorax post‐procedure with 5 (29.4%) requiring a chest tube. Moderate bleeding was noted in one (6%) patient and no severe or fatal bleeding occurred. Our 30‐day ICU mortality was 47% (n = 8); however, no deaths were directly attributable to the procedure.ConclusionsTBC is a feasible technique with an acceptable complication rate and a fairly high histopathological yield in ICU patients with DPLD and acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. Appropriate diagnosis can be crucial in making management decisions for these patients.
‘Your flexible friend’: the bill of exchange in theory and practice in the fifteenth century†
Authors: Bolton Jim , Guidi‐Bruscoli Francesco 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe bill of exchange was the most important written instrument in the international financial world of the later middle ages. Using the evidence of nearly 2,000 bills of exchange, protested bills of exchange, and letters of advice recorded in the ledgers of Filippo Borromei & Partners of Bruges and London, 1436–8, we argue that it was a far more flexible instrument than has previously been thought. The maturity of bills could be changed by agreement rather than necessarily using the standard usance periods, and payment by instalments occurred, extending the length of the ‘loan’ considerably. In practice, exchange rates varied from day to day and within the day itself, while bills were offered as sureties for the fulfilment of other contracts. We also confirm the arguments of other historians that the main purpose of this instrument was the transfer of capital back and forth across western Europe, usually along well‐known axes such as London to Venice or Bruges to Barcelona, with exchange and re‐change playing only a minimal role in the Borromei's operations. As at the Lyon fairs 100 years later, the ‘flexible friend’ helped make the world of international, regional, and local trade and finance go round.
Digital anatomy table in teaching‐learning process of the temporomandibular joint anatomy
Authors: da Silveira Cintia Rejane , Miamoto Dias Paulo Eduardo , Oenning Anne Caroline , de Brito Junior Rui Barbosa , Turssi Cecilia Pedroso , Oliveira Luciana Butini 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe use of teaching resources and digital objects has gradually been incorporated into dental schools. This study aimed to evaluate the digital anatomy table in teaching‐learning process of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) anatomy and the student's perception regarding this resource.Materials and MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted on 41 undergraduate dental students. Knowledge assessment tests were applied at different time intervals: before and after the TMJ theoretical class, after the practical class on prosected specimens and after the use of digital anatomy table. The medians of the scores obtained in the three groups (theoretical class, practical class and digital table) were descriptively analysed and submitted to Wilcoxon, Kruskal‐Wallis and Student‐Newman‐Keuls statistical tests. The perception survey was conducted at the end of the study.ResultsWhen the teaching strategies were compared amongst each other, the medians of the scores with the digital anatomy table were significantly higher than after the theoretical and practical classes. At the end of the research, there were no differences amongst the three groups (theoretical class, practical class and digital table). Regarding the perception, the majority of the students reported that the digital anatomy table helped them to understand the content of the theoretical class.ConclusionIt was concluded that learning with the use of the digital anatomy table did not increase the knowledge of dental students with respect to the TMJ anatomy. The students' perceptions of the digital anatomy table were positive and that it could be used as an additional resource in the teaching‐learning process.
Progressive myoclonus epilepsyKCNC1variant causes a developmental dendritopathy
Authors: Carpenter Jenna C. , Männikkö Roope , Heffner Catherine , Heneine Jana , Sampedro‐Castañeda Marisol , Lignani Gabriele , Schorge Stephanie 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveMutations inKCNC1can cause severe neurological dysfunction, including intellectual disability, epilepsy, and ataxia. The Arg320His variant, which occurs in the voltage‐sensing domain of the channel, causes a highly penetrant and specific form of progressive myoclonus epilepsy with severe ataxia, designated myoclonus epilepsy and ataxia due to potassium channel mutation (MEAK).KCNC1encodes the voltage‐gated potassium channel KV3.1, a channel that is important for enabling high‐frequency firing in interneurons, raising the possibility that MEAK is associated with reduced interneuronal function.MethodsTo determine how this variant triggers MEAK, we expressed KV3.1bR320Hin cortical interneurons in vitro and investigated the effects on neuronal function and morphology. We also performed electrophysiological recordings of oocytes expressing KV3.1b to determine whether the mutation introduces gating pore currents.ResultsExpression of the KV3.1bR320Hvariant profoundly reduced excitability of mature cortical interneurons, and cells expressing these channels were unable to support high‐frequency firing. The mutant channel also had an unexpected effect on morphology, severely impairing neurite development and interneuron viability, an effect that could not be rescued by blocking KV3 channels. Oocyte recordings confirmed that in the adult KV3.1b isoform, R320H confers a dominant negative loss‐of‐function effect by slowing channel activation, but does not introduce potentially toxic gating pore currents.SignificanceOverall, our data suggest that, in addition to the regulation of high‐frequency firing, KV3.1 channels play a hitherto unrecognized role in neuronal development. MEAK may be described as a developmental dendritopathy.
Phenological sensitivity to temperature mediates herbivory
Authors: Meineke Emily K. , Davis Charles C. , Davies T. Jonathan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSpecies interactions drive ecosystem processes and are a major focus of global change research. Among the most consequential interactions expected to shift with climate change are those between insect herbivores and plants, both of which are highly sensitive to temperature. Insect herbivores and their host plants display varying levels of synchrony that could be disrupted or enhanced by climate change, yet empirical data on changes in synchrony are lacking. Using evidence of herbivory on herbarium specimens collected from the northeastern United States and France from 1900 to 2015, we provide evidence that plant species with temperature‐sensitive phenologies experience higher levels of insect damage in warmer years, while less temperature‐sensitive, co‐occurring species do not. While herbivory might be mediated by interactions between warming and phenology through multiple pathways, we suggest that warming might lengthen growing seasons for phenologically sensitive plant species, exposing their leaves to herbivores for longer periods of time in warm years. We propose that elevated herbivory in warm years may represent a previously underappreciated cost to phenological tracking of climate change over longer timescales.
Biodiversity models need to represent land‐use intensity more comprehensively
Authors: Dullinger Iwona , Essl Franz , Moser Dietmar , Erb Karlheinz , Haberl Helmut , Dullinger Stefan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundLand use is the major driver of the current biodiversity crisis. However, its impact is not yet adequately reflected in biodiversity scenarios. In particular, effects of land‐use intensity are often neglected although natural limits to land conversion will likely enforce further land‐use intensification in the future.Aims and innovationWe argue that integration of land‐use intensity into biodiversity models should ideally be based on a proper conceptualization of the land‐use intensity phenomenon. We, therefore, present terminological distinctions and a conceptual framework developed in land system science. The framework distinguishes three dimensions of land‐use intensity: input intensity, output intensity, and alterations of system properties. We discuss nonlinearities and intricacies of the relationships among these dimensions as well as their direct and indirect relationships to biodiversity. In an explorative literature assessment we demonstrate that the multi‐dimensional nature of land‐use intensity appears insufficiently reflected in biodiversity research. Finally, we discuss issues of data availability that limit integration of land‐use intensity into spatially and temporally explicit biodiversity modelling.ConclusionResearch on the relationship between land use and biodiversity would profit from a more systematic and comprehensive consideration of land‐use intensity. While there is no standard recipe for combining indicators of land‐use intensity in biodiversity studies the input–output–system distinction is a useful conceptual basis for study designs. More generally, better integration of biodiversity and land system science would foster understanding and predicting the consequences of land‐use intensification on biodiversity.