bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuronal current imaging: An experimental method to investigate electrical currents in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy
Authors: Unger Daniela M. , Wiest Roland , Kiefer Claus , Raillard Mathieu , Dutil Guillaume F. , Stein Veronika M. , Schweizer Daniela 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe diagnosis of idiopathic epilepsy (IE) in dogs is based on exclusion of other potential causes of seizures. Recently, a novel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequence that utilizes a variant of the rotary saturation approach has been suggested to detect weak transient magnetic field oscillations generated by neuronal currents in humans with epilepsy.Hypothesis/ObjectivesEffects on the magnetic field evoked by intrinsic epileptic activity can be detected by MRI in the canine brain. As proof‐of‐concept, the novel MRI sequence to detect neuronal currents was applied in dogs.AnimalsTwelve dogs with IE and 5 control dogs without a history of epileptic seizures were examined.MethodsProspective case‐control study as proof‐of‐concept. All dogs underwent a clinical neurological examination, scalp electroencephalography, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, and MRI. The MRI examination included a spin‐locking (SL) experiment applying a low‐power on‐resonance radiofrequency pulse in a predefined frequency domain in the range of oscillations generated by the epileptogenic tissue.ResultsIn 11 of 12 dogs with IE, rotary saturation effects were detected by the MRI sequence. Four of 5 control dogs did not show rotary saturation effects. One control dog with a diagnosis of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis had SL‐related effects, but did not have epileptic seizures clinically.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe proposed MRI method detected neuronal currents in dogs with epileptic seizures and represents a potential new line of research to investigate neuronal currents possibly related to IE in dogs.
Effects of cryopreservation on redox status and gene expression of trochophore larvae in Mytilus galloprovincialis
Authors: Liu Yibing , Catalano Sarah R. , Qin Jianguang , Han Jiabo , Zhan Xin , Li Xiaoxu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe relative mortality rate of trochophore larvae exposed to cryopreservation is significantly higher at early larval developmental stages in blue mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis. However, little is known about cryodamage on the larval quality at cellular and molecular modifications in aquatic species, including M. galloprovincialis. This study aimed to investigate the effects of established cryopreservation technique on reactive oxygen species (ROS), total antioxidant capacity, apoptotic and antioxidant enzyme related gene expressions of trochophore larvae in M. galloprovincialis. The results showed that significantly lower D‐larvae rate was produced from the cryopreserved trochophore larvae compared to fresh (p <.05). Nevertheless, there was no significant difference in the ROS production, total antioxidant capacity, and small molecular antioxidant capacity between fresh and cryopreserved trochophore larvae (p >.05). Similarly, the cryopreservation procedures had no adverse effects on the apoptotic and antioxidant enzyme related gene expression patterns between fresh and cryopreserved trochophore larvae (p >.05). These results indicate that the cryopreservation technique applied to M. galloprovincialis larvae in this study may not compromise the redox status of the post‐thaw trochophore larvae.
An assessment of current wolfCanis lupusdomestication hypotheses based on wolf ecology and behaviour
Authors: Mech L. David , Janssens Luc A. A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe dog was the first domesticated animal. Its derivation from grey wolvesCanis lupusis important to the study of mammalian domestication, and wolf domestication is an active area of investigation. Recent popular books have promoted a hypothesis that wolves domesticated themselves as opposed to the earliest hypothesis that featured pup collection, adoption, and artificial selection. Continuing research has produced a greater understanding of wolf ecology and behaviour, including new insights into the wolf’s interaction with humans. Several characteristics make the wolf conducive to domestication: its sociality, catholic diet, excellent individual and cultural memory, inbreeding tolerance, varied personalities, and adaptable lifestyle. The wolf’s fear of humans is the main impediment and that alone is a factor strongly disfavouring the self‐selection hypothesis. However, collecting young pups from dens and raising them would foster their socialising with humans as pack members. Neither hypothesis explains how wolves undergoing domestication were separated reproductively from their wild relatives, an important condition for domestication. We combine information from the literature with information from our own research on wild wolves, archaeology, and canid morphology. We explain how pup collection and deliberate or incidental selection and encouragement to breed with similarly raised wolves could keep incipient dogs separated reproductively from wild relatives. The key is humans regularly feeding the wolves and keeping only those able to live harmoniously with humans. Well‐fed, human‐dependent wolves would remain near their food supply and in the company of humans, thus increasing their bonds to humans andvice versa. Outbreeding with wild wolves would thus be avoided. Generation after generation of these human‐fed, raised, and selected wolves would become increasingly dependent on humans and shaped by them. The pup‐adoption hypothesis presented here is more in keeping with basic wolf ecology and behaviour than the self‐domestication hypothesis.
A two‐stage recursive ray tracing algorithm to automatically identify external building objects in building information models
Authors: Ying Huaquan , Zhou Hui , Degani Amir , Sacks Rafael 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe internal or external attribute of building information modeling (BIM) objects is vital information for many BIM‐based engineering analyses such as building energy analysis and cost estimation. Unfortunately, such information is often inaccurate, incomplete, or missing entirely in most BIM models. Manually checking, correcting, or inputting this data for large‐scale BIM models can be time‐consuming, laborious, and error‐prone. This study proposes a two‐stage ray tracing algorithm to automatically identify external BIM objects, based on the idea that external objects of a building can be viewed from somewhere outside the building. The first‐stage ray tracing samples viewpoints from the six faces of an offset axis‐aligned bounding box (AABB) of the building and emits a ray for each viewpoint to detect relevant external objects. The second‐stage ray tracing recursively searches for any remaining external objects from the view of the external objects that have been detected in the previous round of ray tracing. Both stages are carefully designed for efficiency. Furthermore, a two‐tier AABB tree is introduced to spatially index building objects on both model and object levels to accelerate relevant geometry operations. The proposed algorithm is validated with one synthetic and two large‐scale real‐world building models. The results show that all the external objects in the three models are accurately and efficiently identified, and the two‐tier spatial indexing and other acceleration techniques improve the algorithm's efficiency significantly.
Novel factors contributing to fungal pathogenicity at early stages of Setosphaeria turcica infection
Authors: Meng Yanan , Zeng Fanli , Hu Jingjing , Li Pan , Xiao Shenglin , Zhou Lihong , Gong Jiangang , Liu Yuwei , Hao Zhimin , Cao Zhiyan , Dong Jingao 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe fungal pathogen Setosphaeria turcica causes leaf blight on maize, which leads to considerable crop losses. However, how S. turcica establishes sustained systemic infection is largely unknown. Here, we report several novel factors contributing to S. turcica pathogenicity, identified using a genomic and transcriptional screen at different stages of S. turcica appressorium development. We identified two cytoskeleton regulators, SLM1 and SLM2, that are crucial for hypha and appressorium development. The SLM1 and SLM2 transcripts accumulated during germling stage but their levels were notably reduced at the appressorium stage. Deletion of SLM2 dramatically affected cell morphology, penetration ability, and pathogenicity. We also identified three different types of S. turcica glycosyl hydrolases that are critical for plant cell wall degradation. Their transcripts accumulated during the appressorium infection stage induced by cellophane and maize leaf. Most importantly, we characterized a novel and specific S. turcica effector, appressorium‐coupled effector 1 (StACE1), whose expression is coupled to appressorium formation in S. turcica. This protein is required for maize infection and induces cell death on expression in Nicotiana benthamiana. These observations suggest that the phytopathogen S. turcica is primed in advance with multiple strategies for maize infection, which are coupled to appressorium formation at the early infection stages.
Expression of putative effectors of different Xylella fastidiosa strains triggers cell death‐like responses in various Nicotiana model plants
Authors: Sertedakis Matthaios , Kotsaridis Konstantinos , Tsakiri Dimitra , Mermigka Glykeria , Dominguez‐Ferreras Ana , Ntoukakis Vardis , Sarris Panagiotis F. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe wide host range of Xylella fastidiosa (Xf) indicates the existence of yet uncharacterized virulence mechanisms that help pathogens to overcome host defences. Various bioinformatics tools combined with prediction of the functions of putative virulence proteins are valuable approaches to study microbial pathogenicity. We collected a number of putative effectors from three Xf strains belonging to different subspecies: Temecula‐1 (subsp. fastidiosa), CoDiRO (subsp. pauca), and Ann‐1 (subsp. sandyi). We designed an in planta Agrobacterium‐based expression system that drives the expressed proteins to the cell apoplast, in order to investigate their ability to activate defence in Nicotiana model plants. Multiple Xf proteins differentially elicited cell death‐like phenotypes in different Nicotiana species. These proteins are members of different enzymatic groups: (a) hydrolases/hydrolase inhibitors, (b) serine proteases, and (c) metal transferases. We also classified the Xf proteins according to their sequential and structural similarities via the I‐TASSER online tool. Interestingly, we identified similar proteins that were able to differentially elicit cell death in different cultivars of the same species. Our findings provide a basis for further studies on the mechanisms that underlie both defence activation in Xf resistant hosts and pathogen adaptation in susceptible hosts.
Rethinking dementia as a queer way of life and as ‘crip possibility’: A critique of the concept of person in person‐centredness
Authors: Foth Thomas , Leibing Annette 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe concept of person‐centeredness has become in many instances the standard of health care that humanises services and ensures that the patient/client is at the centre of care delivery. Rejecting a purely biomedical explanation of dementia that led to a loss of self, personhood in dementia could be maintained through social interaction and communication. In this article, we use the insights of queer theory to contribute to our current understanding of the care of those with dementia. We critically discuss the concepts of person and personhood that have become the cornerstone values of person‐centred care for persons with dementia (PWD). Some critics, using queer theory as a theoretical approach, contend that person‐centred care often (unwittingly) reproduces heteronormative roles in trying to sustain life histories. In doing so, they argue, regendering of PWD is sometimes enforced by care providers who try to safeguard this biographical continuity. Cultural theorist Linn Sandberg also mentions that other axes of domination such as race and class are not conceptualised in person‐centeredness approaches, and neither are power asymmetries. Thus, in our article, we revisit the concept of person‐centred care as a first step in proposing another way to think about ‘beings with dementia’ (to avoid the term person). Believing that queer theorists have fallen short in questioning the idea of person or personhood as such, we will build on and broaden Sandberg's critique by demonstrating that queer and crip theory can be understood as a fundamental critique of the (Western) subject and processes of subjectivation. We argue that dementia can be conceptualised as a radical break not only with gendered roles and embodiments, but with many of the norms that make us recognisable subjects. Conceptualising dementia in this way turns it into what Sandberg called an ‘emancipatory space’ and not merely a pathology
Minimal detectable change of the disc‐fovea angle for ocular torsion assessment
Authors: Piedrahita‐Alonso Elena , Valverde‐Megias Alicia , Martin‐Garcia Beatriz , Hernandez‐Garcia Elena , Gomez‐de‐Liano Rosario 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPurposeThe disc‐fovea angle (DFA) is used as a relevant indicator of ocular torsion change in cyclovertical strabismus. However, interpretation of the variation in time must differentiate whether a real change has occurred or if the disparity is due to random measurement error. The aim of the study was to obtain the minimal detectable change (MDC) of the DFA. It represents the minimal variation between two measurements that may be considered a real ocular torsion change.MethodsA prospective cross‐sectional study was conducted in San Carlos Clinical Hospital of Madrid, Spain. Sixty healthy right eyes from 60 patients (31 men and 29 women) were recruited. Three digital fundus photographs were obtained, and between measurements, the patient moved their head away from the head support and then returned. Two observers quantified the DFA with software designed with MATLAB. Test‐retest and interrater reliability were calculated.ResultsMean participant age was 56.1 years (SD 16.6, range 25–85). Mean DFA was 8.1° (SD 3.5, range 1.3–18.5). Test‐retest reliability for Observer 1 (Ob1), Observer 2 (Ob2) and interrater reliability were excellent (ICC 0.80, 0.83 and 0.95, respectively). Precision was 2.9° (Ob1) and 3.0° (Ob2), and the MDC95 was 4.1° (Ob1) and 4.2° (Ob2). Bland‐Altman analysis revealed an absence of bias and a homoscedastic distribution of the differences.ConclusionsThe MDC of the DFA in fundus photography was 4°, which represents the minimal change that may be considered a real change in ocular torsion. This result may improve the interpretation of ocular torsion changes in surgery and clinical scenarios.
Health Shocks, Recovery, and the First Thousand Days: The Effect of the Second World War on Height Growth in Japanese Children
Authors: Schneider Eric B. , Ogasawara Kota , Cole Tim J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article uses the health shock on Japanese civilians of the Second World War to understand the effects of health shocks at different developmental stages on children's long‐run growth pattern and to test whether recovery is possible after an early‐life health shock. We construct a prefecture‐level dataset of mean heights of boys and girls aged 6–19 from 1929 to 2015. Linking the heights recorded at different ages for the same birth cohort, we measure a counterfactual causal effect of the health shocks during the Second World War on the cohort growth pattern of children. We find that the war effect was greatest for cohorts exposed to the war in late childhood and adolescence: these cohorts were 1.7–3.0 cm shorter at adulthood and had delayed pubertal growth and slower maturation than they would have had if the war had never occurred. However, there were no persistent health penalties for children exposed to the war in early life, suggesting that catch‐up growth was possible as health conditions improved after the war. These findings challenge the thousand‐days consensus that children cannot recover from nutritional shocks in early life and indicate that adolescence is a sensitive period for health shocks.
Evaluations of people, affection, and recommendation for a host country: A study of Global Korea Scholarship (GKS) recipients
Authors: Tam Lisa , Ayhan Kadir Jun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractExtant research has examined the significance of interpersonal relationships in affecting public diplomacy outcomes. Relational public diplomacy is a long‐term approach to public diplomacy which posits the importance of people‐to‐people exchange programs that facilitate two‐way interactions between people from two different countries. Using survey data (n = 385) collected from alumni of the Global Korea Scholarship in 2018, this study found that respondents' perceptions of treatment by South Korean people influenced their comparisons of people from South Korea and their home countries. Moreover, the more highly they evaluated South Koreans compared to people in their home countries, the more likely it was that they would develop an affection and make positive recommendations toward South Korea as a destination for study and tourism. The empirical findings in this article have policy implications for scholarship programs as a public diplomacy tool beyond South Korea.Related Articles in this Special IssueAyhan, Kadir Jun, and Nancy Snow. 2021. “Introduction to the Special Issue—Global Korea Scholarship: Empirical Evaluation of a non‐Western Scholarship Program from a Public Diplomacy Perspective.” Politics & Policy 49(6): 1282–1291. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12440.Jon, Jae‐Eun, and Kadir Jun Ayhan. 2021. “Satisfied or Dissatisfied: The Determinants of Global Korea Scholarship Recipients’ Satisfaction with Lifein Korea.” Politics & Policy 49(6): 1391–1414. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12437.Lee, Hyelim, and Nancy Snow. 2021. “Gendered Experience in Student Mobility Programs—Global Korea Scholarship Recipients’ Evaluation of Korea’s Country Image.” Politics & Policy 49(6): 1343–1358. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12441.
Simulation modelling of yield losses caused by wheat stem rust
Authors: Willocquet Laetitia , Rossi Vittorio , Savary Serge 
Published: October 2021

AbstractStem rust, or black rust, of wheat, caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, has recently re‐emerged in several parts of the world, with epidemics occurring in eastern Africa, as well as northern and southern Europe. Damage mechanisms from disease dynamically affect the physiology of the crop as it grows and develops, and as the epidemic progresses, leading to yield losses in the stem rust‐diseased wheat stand. Process‐based agrophysiological models that include disease‐induced damage mechanisms can help to better understand the physiological processes leading to yield losses, and to inform strategic decisions such as breeding strategies. Such models have not been developed for wheat stem rust so far. Two damage mechanisms for stem rust, light stealing and assimilate diversion, were incorporated in the agrophysiological simulation model WHEATPEST. The model, tested from experimental field data retrieved from the literature, provides a satisfactory representation of the system, although consistently underestimates relative yield losses by about 6.9%, resulting in relative yield losses between 17% and 56%. Analyses highlight the importance of the diversion of assimilates toward the pathogen in the magnitude of yield loss. Considering only the reduction of green leaf area would underestimate damage from stem rust by at least threefold. The analysis also shows the importance of the dynamic interplay between disease and crop growth, especially the dynamics of leaf area, on yield loss. Directions to consider additional damage mechanisms are proposed, and perspectives for future research, especially in relation to plant breeding strategies under climate change, are offered.
Dignity reflections based on experiences of end‐of‐life care during the first wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic: A qualitative inquiry among bereaved relatives in the Netherlands (the CO‐LIVE study)
Authors: Becqué Yvonne N. , van der Geugten Wendy , van der Heide Agnes , Korfage Ida J. , Pasman H. Roeline W. , Onwuteaka‐Philipsen Bregje D. , Zee Masha , Witkamp Erica , Goossensen Anne 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic affects care practices for critically ill patients, with or without a COVID‐19 infection, and may have affected the experience of dying for patients and their relatives in the physical, psychological, social and spiritual domains.AimTo give insight into aspects of end‐of‐life care practices that might have jeopardised or supported the dignity of the patients and their family members during the first wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic in the Netherlands.MethodologyA qualitative study involving 25 in‐depth interviews with purposively sampled bereaved relatives of patients who died during the COVID‐19 pandemic between March and July 2020 in the Netherlands. We created a dignity‐inspired framework for analysis, and used the models of Chochinov et al. and Van Gennip et al. as sensitising concepts. These focus on illness‐related aspects and the individual, relational and societal/organisational level of dignity.ResultsFour themes concerning aspects of end‐of‐life care practices were identified as possibly jeopardising the dignity of patients or relatives: ‘Dealing with an unknown illness’, ‘Being isolated’, ‘Restricted farewells’ and ‘Lack of attentiveness and communication’. The analysis showed that ‘Meaningful end‐of‐life moments’ and ‘Compassionate professional support’ contributed to the dignity of patients and their relatives.ConclusionThis study illuminates possible aspects of end‐of‐life care practices that jeopardised or supported dignity. Experienced dignity of bereaved relatives was associated with the unfamiliarity of the virus and issues associated with preventive measures. However, most aspects that had an impact on the dignity experiences of relatives were based in human action and relationships.Relatives experienced that preventive measures could be mitigated by health care professionals to make them less devastating.
Demographic and Fertility Characteristics of Contraceptive Clusters in Burundi
Authors: MacQuarrie Kerry L.D. , Allen Courtney , Gemmill Alison 
Published: October 2021

AbstractExamining women's reproductive experiences over time reveals a more dynamic view of women's behaviors and needs than current status measures alone. This study uses sequence and cluster analyses, which are designed for identifying patterns and subgroups in longitudinal data. We apply these methods to contraceptive calendar data in Burundi to identify discrete clusters of women based on contraceptive and pregnancy behaviors over the past 5 years. We identify six unique clusters; three characterized by no use of contraception (85 percent of women) and three by use (16 percent). The Quiet Calendar cluster (42 percent) comprise women who neither experience pregnancy nor use contraception. Family Builder 1 (25 percent) and 2 (18 percent) both include women who experience two pregnancies, but differ in unmet need and lifetime experience with contraception. Modern Mother (8 percent), Consistently Covered Mother (6 percent), and Traditional Mother (2 percent) clusters differ by type of contraception used following pregnancy. Factors associated with cluster membership are need for family planning, lifetime experience with contraception, marital status, pregnancy intention, and age. This clustering approach provides a new, more holistic way to measure the diverse needs across unique subpopulations and can inform the development of multifaceted, adaptable strategies to meet women's dynamic fertility needs over the reproductive life course.