bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reinvertir en la Habana: Mercantilización de la vivienda, y gentrificación en los barrios céntricos de una ciudad socialista del sur global
Authors: Jolivet Violaine , Alba-Carmichael Mateo 
Published: December 2021

Este artículo aborda la mercantilización de la vivienda en La Habana desde 2011 en adelante. Sustenta que las teorías de la gentrificación y delrent-gappueden iluminar aspectos de la transformación de la capital cubana, aunque esas teorías fueron pensadas en contextos urbanos capitalistas y que la determinación del valor y la propiedad del suelo le corresponden en Cuba al Estado socialista. El análisis de los anuncios digitales de venta en cuatro plataformas entre 2012 y 2020 permite evaluar el precio y la ubicación de las propiedades a la venta, su relación con la reinversión económica en las áreas centrales de la ciudad y cómo los factores geográficos que definen la centralidad se ven cada vez más comprometidos por la turistificación y en general por la mercantilización de la vivienda. Las transformaciones urbanas estudiadas en este artículo pionero sobre el mercado inmobiliario y la gentrificación en la capital cubana permiten destacar, por un lado, que la transformación de la vivienda en una mercancía demuestra la erosión de los valores socialistas en la producción urbana y, por otro, que la creación de un mercado inmobiliario en La Habana ha reforzado la conexión de la ciudad cubana con las circulaciones transnacionales capitalistas.El artículo considera el contexto económico y político en el que se forma este mercado, luego explica la metodología debig-small dataen un contexto de acceso escaso a la información, seguido por un análisis caracterizando el mercado habanero que examina la importancia de la centralidad espacial y de los flujos transnacionales de personas y capital.
Highly polarized emission from organic single-crystal light-emitting devices with a polarization ratio of 176
Authors: An Ming-Hui , Ding Ran , Zhang Xu-Lin , Chen Shuo-Nan , Wang Ya-Nan , Ye Gao-Da , Zhu Qin-Cheng , Chen Nian-Ke , Liu Yu , Feng Jing , Sun Hong-Bo 
Published: December 2021

Polarized light emission from organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) is of considerable current interest because of their great potential in various optical and optoelectronic devices. Utilizing materials with aligned molecular orientation is a simple and promising way to realize highly polarized OLEDs; however, both the polarization ratio and efficiency are still far from the requirements for practical applications. Organic single crystals with inherent anisotropic properties induced by their long-range periodic order are ideal candidates for intrinsically polarized emission. Herein, the intrinsic polarization has been dramatically amplified by constructing a microcavity structure in organic single-crystal OLEDs to effectively couple microcavity resonance to polarized light. A high polarization ratio of 176 has been achieved from the polarized OLEDs. Moreover, highly aligned single-crystalline molecules with small tilted orientation angles to the crystal surface result in a high outcoupling efficiency for surface-emitting crystal OLEDs. A maximum luminance of

6122

c
d

/

m

2

and current efficiency of 1.86 cd/A were achieved, which are among the best performances for crystal OLEDs. This work may lead to a new strategy for simultaneously enhancing the polarization ratio and efficiency of polarized OLEDs and promote their development in various optical and optoelectronic applications.
Prevalence and correlates of early sexual initiation among Brazilian adolescents
Authors: Roman Lay Alejandra Andrea , Fujimori Elizabeth , Simões Duarte Luciane , Vilela Borges Ana Luiza 
Published: December 2021

Background
Early adolescence is a critical stage in adolescents. This is the phase at which many young people start their sexual life early, increasing the risk of sexually transmitted infections and unintended pregnancy. Few studies have analyzed the factors associated with early sexual initiation in very young adolescents in low- and middle-income countries. Therefore, this study assessed the early sexual initiation stratified by sex and its correlates in a sample of Brazilian adolescents.

Methods
The study sample included Brazilian adolescents aged 12–14 who participated in The Study of Cardiovascular Risk in Adolescents (ERICA), a multicenter, school-based, country-wide, cross-sectional study. Early sexual initiation was defined as the first sexual intercourse at or before 14 years old. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify independent factors associated with early sexual initiation.

Results
The prevalence of early sexual initiation was 7% among girls and 18% in boys. In a multivariate analysis, the adolescent’s age, mother’s schooling, smoking, alcohol consumption, and Tanner Stages were associated with early sexual initiation for both boys and girls. For girls, living with both parents, common mental disorders, and age at menarche were predictors of early sexual initiation, while race and type of school were correlated to early sexual initiation only for boys.

Conclusions
The early sexual initiation was associated with sociodemographic, lifestyle risk factors and secondary sexual characteristics in both sexes, while there were differences between the predictors of early sexual initiation among girls and boys. It emphasizes the importance of sex education and promotes healthy lifestyles in environments through families and schools in early adolescence.
First and second trimester ultrasound in pregnancy: A systematic review and metasynthesis of the views and experiences of pregnant women, partners, and health workers
Authors: Moncrieff Gill , Finlayson Kenneth , Cordey Sarah , McCrimmon Rebekah , Harris Catherine , Barreix Maria , Tunçalp Özge , Downe Soo 
Published: December 2021

Background
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends one ultrasound scan before 24 weeks gestation as part of routine antenatal care (WHO 2016). We explored influences on provision and uptake through views and experiences of pregnant women, partners, and health workers.

Methods
We undertook a systematic review (PROSPERO CRD42021230926). We derived summaries of findings and overarching themes using metasynthesis methods. We searched MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, SocIndex, LILACS, and AIM (Nov 25th 2020) for qualitative studies reporting views and experiences of routine ultrasound provision to 24 weeks gestation, with no language or date restriction. After quality assessment, data were logged and analysed in Excel. We assessed confidence in the findings using Grade-CERQual.

Findings
From 7076 hits, we included 80 papers (1994–2020, 23 countries, 16 LICs/MICs, over 1500 participants). We identified 17 review findings, (moderate or high confidence: 14/17), and four themes: sociocultural influences and expectations; the power of visual technology; joy and devastation: consequences of ultrasound findings; the significance of relationship in the ultrasound encounter. Providing or receiving ultrasound was positive for most, reportedly increasing parental-fetal engagement. However, abnormal findings were often shocking. Some reported changing future reproductive decisions after equivocal results, even when the eventual diagnosis was positive. Attitudes and behaviours of sonographers influenced service user experience. Ultrasound providers expressed concern about making mistakes, recognising their need for education, training, and adequate time with women. Ultrasound sex determination influenced female feticide in some contexts, in others, termination was not socially acceptable. Overuse was noted to reduce clinical antenatal skills as well as the use and uptake of other forms of antenatal care. These factors influenced utility and equity of ultrasound in some settings.

Conclusion
Though antenatal ultrasound was largely seen as positive, long-term adverse psychological and reproductive consequences were reported for some. Gender inequity may be reinforced by female feticide following ultrasound in some contexts. Provider attitudes and behaviours, time to engage fully with service users, social norms, access to follow up, and the potential for overuse all need to be considered.
Contabilidad social. Análisis de un académico de número
Authors: Arreghini Hugo Ricardo 
Published: December 2021

El análisis de la argumentación empleada y de los procedimientos aplicables, presentados como testimonios escritos para comunicar los efectos sociales provocados por las entidades económicas, que son la opinión documentada del catedrático al que se atribuye ser promotor de esas prácticas en América Latina, es el modo más adecuado para determinar el alcance y el grado relativo de asimilación que se les debería otorgar como sistema de información contable.La profundidad de los trabajos reseñados y la extensión temporal que abarcan, permiten comprobar, en este tema, la uniformidad conceptual mantenida por el prestigioso académico.Esta investigación se realiza con el objeto de mostrar el tratamiento aconsejado y la expresión que podría formularse con un informe del tipo estudiado, y probar la ineptitud que se le debería reconocer para ofrecerse como estado producido desde la Contabilidad.
Educação e federalismo: As vicissitudes de financiamento e governança do Plano Nacional de Educação
Authors: Oliveira Weder de 
Published: December 2021

Este artigo problematiza duas dimensões do Plano Nacional de Educação. A primeira abrange a instituição e funcionamento das instâncias de negociação e coordenação federativa, a regulamentação do Sistema Nacional de Educação (SNE) e a atuação do Ministério da Educação (MEC) no monitoramento, avaliação e articulação do desenvolvimento do plano. A segunda refere-se à Meta 20: ampliação do investimento público em educação para 10% do PIB ao final do decênio. Buscou-se saber na pesquisa, que tomou por base avaliações realizadas pelo Tribunal de Contas da União, o Inep, o Ipea, e a Câmara dos Deputados, se essas dimensões estão sendo adequadamente desenvolvidas. Os resultados indicam que a Meta 20 é inexequível, que a atuação das instâncias de coordenação intergovernamental ainda são incipientes e que o MEC, ator central de planejamento, articulação e indução de políticas educacionais, padece de relevantes deficiências de planejamento e gestão. Como consequência da fragilidade dessas dimensões, as possibilidades de implementação bem sucedida do PNE são reduzidas. O artigo realça, também, que, sob a ótica do federalismo fiscal, das relações intergovernamentais e da governança de políticas públicas no âmbito da educação, a Constituição Federal atribuiu a um plano nacional de longo prazo, funções extremamente difíceis de acomodação num único instrumento legislativo, resultando em inevitáveis omissões e problemas que contribuem para a baixa expectativa de boa implementação, o que, contudo, não significa que avanços nas políticas educacionais não tenham ocorrido ou não estejam em curso, independentemente das deficiências dessa estratégia de planejamento federativo.

Palavras-chave: Federalismo. Plano Nacional de Educação. Meta 20. Sistema Nacional de Educação.
Ujaran Seksisme Yoshiro Mori: Persoalan Stereotip Gender Pada Olimpiade Tokyo
Authors: Sulatri Ni Luh Putu Ari 
Published: December 2021

The head of the Tokyo Olympics, Yoshiro Mori, was criticized for making sexist remarks. He gave opinion about the Japanese Olympic Committee's goal of increasing the number of female board directors from 20% to more than 40%, Mori stated that it would affect the length of the meeting because women talking too much. Mori's sexist remarks show that patriarchy and gender equality are still a problem in Japan. This paper examines Yoshiro Mori’s sexist remarks through a feminist approach. Data culled from newspaper reports about Mori's sexist remarks. This research is qualitative research with an interactive analysis method. The results of the study show that Mori's sexist remarks are gender stereotypes that are concluded by essentialism. These gender stereotypes limit the role of women in the public sphere. Collective action needs to be promoted to confront sexism in society and build gender awareness.
Application scheme and performance analysis of free space optical communication technology in INMARSAT
Authors: Yi Zhongli , Wang Fuzhai , Jin Lianjie , Zhan Yueying 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this study, we propose an application scheme of free space optical communication technology in INMARSAT, and propose a 1.12 Tbit/s coherent free-space optical (FSO) communication system based on wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) and polarization-multiplexing quadrature phase shift keying (PM-QPSK) modulation technology. Based on optisystem software platform, the spectrum, bit error rate (BER), received power, error vector magnitude (EVM), and receiver sensitivity of the edge and middle channels of the system are analyzed. The simulation results show that the transmission rate and channel capacity of INMARSAT communication system are greatly improved by selecting the channel spacing and transmission environment reasonably.
Comparison of reduced graphene oxides synthesized chemically with different reducing agents for supercapacitors
Authors: Cui Yifan , Li Rong , Lai Liuqin , Dai Huimin , Su Siyu , Guo Naili , Zhu Xiaohong 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The chemical reduction of graphene oxide is an effective method for the synthesis of reduced graphene oxide, having the obvious advantages of low cost and large scale applicability. Our work produced reduced graphene oxide through a simple water bath reduction approach using various reducing agents of N2H4 × H2O, NaBH4, Na2S2O3, HI, and a reference sample without reducing agent at the same reduction temperature and duration time, by which reduced graphene oxides represented as N-RGO, B-RGO, S-RGO, I-RGO, and RGO0 were fabricated. Subsequently, unbonded flexible electrodes based on carbon cloth were fabricated with the reduced graphene oxides mentioned above, whereupon the structure, morphology and electrochemical performance were characterized. The electrochemical results indicate that the order of specific capacitances is N-RGO > B-RGO > S-RGO > RGO0 > I-RGO, while I-RGO’s potential window is wider than that of the others. As a result, N-RGO displays the best electrochemical performance among all reduced graphene oxides, with a specific capacitance as high as 176.0 F × g-1 and 77.8 % of the initial specific capacitance maintained at a high current density of 20 A × g-1.
Halogen bonds in the crystal structure of 4,3′:5′,4″-terpyridine — 1,3-diiodotetrafluorobenzene (1/1), C21H11F4I2N3
Authors: Wang Weizhou 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
C21H11F4I2N3, orthorhombic, Pnma (no. 62), a = 11.0042(4) Å, b = 20.6209(5) Å, c = 9.2371(3) Å, V = 2096.05(11) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0316, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0556, T = 293(2) K.
New Screen Economies and Viewing Paradigms: The Ethics of Representation in Delhi Crime
Authors: Benjamin Benita Acca 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The new technologies of television viewership following the digital turn have introduced new anxieties and possibilities. While new screen cultures facilitate a transnational viewership, the importance of ethically and morally grounded representations cannot be overstated. In this context, Delhi Crime, the Emmy award-winning Indian series based on the Delhi gang rape and murder of a 23-year-old woman in Delhi, will be instrumental in informing the ethico-political concerns that ought to be prioritized while representing the subaltern subject and the novel socialites fashioned through the new viewership patterns. This article attempts to understand the way in which the emerging screen economies provide new terrains for ethical representation and engendering digital publics. Thus, this article is interested in understanding the intersection of media ecologies and ethico-political concerns to introduce new dialectical possibilities.
Development of a Test Method to Measure the Migration of Intervertebral Body Fusion Devices
Authors: Ribeiro Kevin Mauricio Menon , da Rosa Edison , Santos Arthur Paiva Grimaldi , Roesler Carlos Rodrigo de Mello 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a new benchtop test method to measure the potential migration of intervertebral body fusion devices (IBFDs) of different designs. Methods: A new benchtop test method was proposed to evaluate the migration resistance of intervertebral cages under cyclic loads, which is based on movements and flexion-extension loads experienced by the lumbar spine. The IBFD migration behavior under four test setups was investigated by controlled replicates of the test combining two loading configurations and two foam block densities for the bone substitute material. Additionally, the use of two distinct displacement measurement systems, one optical (OptiTrack) and another involving contact (linear variable differential transformer [LVDT]), was evaluated to measure the posterior-anterior movement of the IBFD during testing. Results: The results obtained by applying the new benchtop method indicate that the different test setups can influence the direction and magnitude of the resulting migration of the intervertebral cages, while the two measurement systems provided similar results. Conclusions: The proposed benchtop methodology is able to perform evaluation of IBFD. The use of foam block grade 15 and a test setup with eccentric anterior positioning results in migrations measurable using LVDT or OptiTrack, allowing comparisons between different IBFD designs. The method could be improved to more accurately mimic the movements that cause the migration of IBFD.
Presynaptic Mitochondrial Volume and Packing Density Scale with Presynaptic Power Demand
Authors: Justs Karlis A. , Lu Zhongmin , Chouhan Amit K. , Borycz Jolanta A. , Lu Zhiyuan , Meinertzhagen Ian A. , Macleod Gregory T. 
Published: December 2021

Stable neural function requires an energy supply that can meet the intense episodic power demands of neuronal activity. Neurons have presumably optimized the volume of their bioenergetic machinery to ensure these power demands are met, but the relationship between presynaptic power demands and the volume available to the bioenergetic machinery has never been quantified. Here, we estimated the power demands of six motor nerve terminals in femaleDrosophilalarvae through direct measurements of neurotransmitter release and Ca2+entry, and via theoretical estimates of Na+entry and power demands at rest. Electron microscopy revealed that terminals with the highest power demands contained the greatest volume of mitochondria, indicating that mitochondria are allocated according to presynaptic power demands. In addition, terminals with the greatest power demand-to-volume ratio (∼66 nmol·min−1·µl−1) harbor the largest mitochondria packed at the greatest density. If we assume sequential and complete oxidation of glucose by glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, then these mitochondria are required to produce ATP at a rate of 52 nmol·min−1·µl−1at rest, rising to 963 during activity. Glycolysis would contribute ATP at 0.24 nmol·min−1·µl−1of cytosol at rest, rising to 4.36 during activity. These data provide a quantitative framework for presynaptic bioenergeticsin situ, and reveal that, beyond an immediate capacity to accelerate ATP output from glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, over longer time periods presynaptic terminals optimize mitochondrial volume and density to meet power demand.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe remarkable energy demands of the brain are supported by the complete oxidation of its fuel but debate continues regarding a division of labor between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation across different cell types. Here, we exploit the neuromuscular synapse, a model for studying neurophysiology, to elucidate fundamental aspects of neuronal energy metabolism that ultimately constrain rates of neural processing. We quantified energy production rates required to sustain activity at individual nerve terminals and compared these with the volume capable of oxidative phosphorylation (mitochondria) and glycolysis (cytosol). We find strong support for oxidative phosphorylation playing a primary role in presynaptic terminals and provide the firstin vivoestimates of energy production rates per unit volume of presynaptic mitochondria and cytosol.
The rights of children from Gypsy/Traveller and Roma backgrounds in Scotland
Authors: Riddell Sheila 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The Scottish Government has a strong commitment to strengthening children’s human rights, with the aim of making Scotland ‘the best place to grow up and bring up children’. The Education (Scotland) Act 2016 introduced a raft of measures to boost the rights of children with additional support needs (ASN). The programme for government in Scotland, published in September 2020, included a commitment to incorporate the UN Convention of the Rights of the Child into Scottish domestic legislation. In order to examine the extent to which the rights of Gypsy/Traveller children are being respected in practice, this paper draws on an analysis of official statistics conducted as part of an ESRC funded project entitled Autonomy, Rights and Children with Special Needs: A New Paradigm? (ES/P002641/1), which ran from 2018 to 2020. In addition, the paper uses findings from an Independent Children’s Rights Impact Assessment which was carried out in summer 2020 with a view to investigating the impact of the emergency measures implemented during the Covid-19 pandemic. Under the terms of the Coronavirus Act 2020, schools across the UK were closed, with widespread implications for children and young people, particularly those with additional support needs. The central aim of this paper is to explore the impact of the emergency measures on the recently enhanced rights of children with ASN, with a particular focus on the rights of children from Gypsy/Traveller backgrounds. I conclude that people living itinerant lives experience long-standing exclusion from mainstream schooling and wider society, and their marginal status has been reinforced during the recent pandemic when children’s human rights have been side-lined.
Can risk of sarcopenia predict poorer quality of life in hemodialysis patients?
Authors: Landim Sâmia Marques Lourenço , Santos Paulo Roberto , Cardoso Kailane Martins , Sousa Luciana Abreu , Santos Victor Lavinas 
Published: December 2021

Background: Sarcopenia and low quality of life (QOL) are widely found among hemodialysis (HD) patients. We aimed to verify whether risk of sarcopenia can predict QOL level in patients submitted to HD.
Methods: The sample was formed by 147 chronic kidney disease patients undergoing HD in October 2020 at a single dialysis center. Demographic and clinical data were collected. Risk of sarcopenia was classified using the SARC-F questionnaire. QOL was evaluated by the Brazilian version of the SF-36. QOL scores were compared between patients with and without risk of sarcopenia. Multivariate linear regression was performed to test risk of sarcopenia as an independent predictor of QOL scores.
Results: There were 62 (42.2%) patients classified as having risk of sarcopenia. In the comparison of QOL scores between patients with and without risk of sarcopenia, scores of seven dimensions were significantly lower among patients with sarcopenia risk, the only exception being role-emotional. Risk of sarcopenia was an independent predictor of six dimensions of QOL, except for role-emotional and mental health.
Conclusion: We found risk of sarcopenia to be an independent predictor of QOL among HD patients. Our results point to the possibility of improving patients’ QOL by intervening to minimize the risk of sarcopenia.