bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ASSESSMENT OF HIDDEN CURRICULUM DURING CLINICAL ROTATIONS OF YEAR 4 MBBS STUDENTS USING HIDDEN INFORMAL CURRICULUM ASSESSMENT TOOL (HICAT)
Authors: Afridi Ambreen , Sethi Ahsan , Ahmed Farooq , Kashif Lubna 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Introduction: This study was aimed to assess the hidden curriculum for year-4 undergraduate medical students during one of their clinical rotation using Hidden Informal Curriculum Assessment Tool (HICAT).
Methods: This cross sectional survey was conducted amongst two hundred, year 4 medical students (using HICAT questionnaire ) who had undergone clinical rotation in the department of Gynecology and Obstetrics of Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar over a period of three months (January to march 2020).
Results: Two hundred students participated in the survey. Out of those 110 were males and 90 were female with mean age 22 ± 1.Highly valued items in the minds of students included positive doctor patients skills development inspiration, exhibiting high professional standards and exhibiting positive role modeling. The negative experience which was the commonest and also had a significant influence on the students was the competition with peers, lack of confidence and experience of being disadvantaged due to gender. Males felt more disadvantaged. Also students belonging to rural areas felt more disadvantaged than the students of urban areas.
Conclusion: Incorporating the concepts of hidden curriculum into the explicit curriculum and training the faculty as well as students about the concepts will go a long way in producing medical professionals exhibiting highest professional standards and proper attitudes during patient and students encounter.
CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS OF AZITHROMYCIN VERSUS CIPROFLOXACIN IN THE TREATMENT OF UNCOMPLICATED ENTERIC FEVER IN CHILDREN;
Authors: Hussain Iqbal , Faisal Muhammad Saleh , Khan Arshad , Jamal Arif , Hayat Waqar 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
Objective: To compare the clinical effectiveness of oral azithromycin with oral ciprofloxacin in the treatment of uncomplicated enteric fever in children.
Material and Methods: A randomized controlled trial was carried out in the Pediatric department of Khyber Teaching Hospital for which a sample size of 282 patients was determined using WHO calculator with 5% level of significance and 80% power of test (Two sided). Non-probability consecutive sampling technique was used for selection of children age 6 to 18 years and either gender. They were divided into two groups (141 in each) where Group A was treated with oral azithromycin while Group B with ciprofloxacin for 7 days. Clinical effectiveness was determined when the patient remained afebrile for more than 48 hours without antipyretics.
Results: In group A, 128 children (90.78%) while in Group B, 105 (74.46%) children become clinically cure.
Conclusion: Oral Azithromycin is more effective than oral Ciprofloxacin in the treatment of typhoid fever in children.
CLINICAL AND HEMATOLOGICAL FEATURES OF LEISHMANIASIS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OF PESHAWAR
Authors: Batool Zufishan , Basharat Shifa , Khan Maria , Ali Nosheen , Khattak Maria Tasneem , Sohail Gulrukh 
Published: September 2021

Objective: To evaluate the hematological and clinical features of Visceral and Cutaneous Leishmaniasis.
Materials and Methods: This was hospital-based retrospective study which included all cases of Cutaneous leishmaniasis and Visceral leishmaniasis that were diagnosed from Jan 2018 till December 2019 at Pathology Department, Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar. The diagnosed cases were analyzed for clinical and laboratory profile in details, results of CBC, demographic information and physical signs at presentation were noted as well as bone marrow aspirations were performed for LD bodies.
Results: Out of 104 cases, 36 (34.61%) visceral leishmaniasis and 68 (65.38%) cutaneous leishmaniasis were observed during the study period, in which 82 (78.85%) were male and 22 (21.15%) were females. Age range was from 03-40 years with mean of 23 + 4.21 years. Intermittent fever was observed in almost all the cases of visceral leishmaniasis and 52 (76.47%) of cutaneous leishmaniasis. All patients with visceral leishmaniasis had hepatomegaly and splenomegaly. Patients with CL presented as lesions on face and foot region. In VL all patients were male, while in CL 46 were males and only 22 were females. Majority (83.33%) of patients in VL were children (age group 1-10 years), in cutaneous leishmaniasis 34 (50%) were in age group 31-40 years.
Conclusion: Our study concludes that leishmaniasis mainly affecting age group 10-20 years. Patients with visceral Leishmaniasis presented with pallor, weight loss fever and splenomegaly while those with cutaneous leishmaniasis presented with lesions on the foot and face especially nose. Anemia and thrombocytopenia were most common hematological parameters. It is essential that the Public Health authorities be more aware of the condition in order to improve environmental sanitation and personal protective measures and to establish diagnostic laboratories for early and correct diagnosis and treatment.
PLEOMORPHIC LIPOSARCOMA PRESENTING AS EXTRACARDIAC MEDIASTINAL MASS LEADING TO CARDIAC COMPRESSION
Authors: Badshah Aliena , Khattak Zoia Ehsan , Khan Israr , Naeem Arooba , Humayub Mohammad 
Published: September 2021

A 45-year-old male presented with a 3-month history of fever associated with dyspnea, orthopnea, weight loss, chest pain, and anorexia. Past history was notable for cigarette smoking of 5 packs per year. Examination findings suggested clubbing, raised jugular venous pulse and pedal edema. Characteristic findings on systemic examination were displaced apex beat, sternal heave, bibasilar crepitations, distended abdomen, and presence of shifting dullness. Echocardiography revealed an extracardiac mass collapsing mostly the right side of the heart. Later, multidetector computed tomography scan (MDCT) was done which detected a mediastinal mass crossing midline, significantly compressing right sided cardiac chambers, adjacent segments of major arteries and veins, and displaced esophagus to the left. An ultrasound guided biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of pleomorphic liposarcoma. Although it turned out to be a surgical case, but the objective of reporting this case of pleomorphic liposarcoma is to keep our differentials broad when we get cases with typical cardiac symptoms. Sometimes the etiology could be extracardiac.
Key words: Pleomorphic liposarcom; Mediastinal mass; Extracardiac mass; MDCT
The Louis Sheaffer Collection of Eugene O'Neill at Connecticut College
Authors: Panciera Benjamin 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
The Louis Sheaffer Collection of Eugene O'Neill or Sheaffer-O'Neill Collection has been at Connecticut College since 1992. Encompassing sixty linear feet of original and photocopied manuscripts, clippings, notes, photographs, and ephemera and approximately 300 editions and secondary works, it is among the crown jewels of the College's special collections. This article provides an introduction to the organization and history of the collection and notes some of its highlights.
IMPLEMENTASI PEMBELAJARAN JARAK JAUH SELAMA PANDEMI COVID19 MENGGUNAKAN PLATFORM JITSI PADA INSTITUSI PENDIDIKAN MENGGUNAKAN SERVER UBUNTU
Authors: Walilu Raditya Faisal , Laim Bernard Ferdinan Nugroho , Mariasa I Made , Riki Riki , Alberto Alberto 
Published: September 2021

Kebijakan pelaksanaan pendidikan daring yang dilakukan oleh sekolah dan juga perguruan tinggi di Indonesia adalah menyikapi pandemi Covid-19 ­­yang melanda hampir seluruh dunia. Kementrian Pendidikan dan kebudayaan RI mendorong penyelenggaraan proses pembelajaran dilakukan dengan daring. Hal ini sesuai dengan Surat Edaran Mendikbud RI nomor 3 tahun 2020 tentang Pencegahan Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) pada Satuan Pendidikan, dan Surat Sekjen Mendikbud nomor 35492/A.A5/HK/2020 tanggal 12 Maret 2020 perihal Pencegahan Penyebaran Corona Virus Disease (Covid-19). Disamping juga mengikuti edaran dan himbauan dari masing-masing Pemerintah Daerah domisili Perguruan Tinggi.Hal ini menyebabkan maju pesatnya perkembangan media komunikasi WEBRTC, sebuah media teknologu realtime audio/video secara live. Hal ini digunakan bersama dalam sebuah room hingga menjadi teleconference.Penelitian ini membahas teleconference jitsi sebagai fasilitator opensource software. Penggunaan ini diterapkan dengan menggunakan konfigurasi default jitsi meliputi proxy server dan socket.Penerapan dilakukan pada tiga tempat berbeda didaerah kota/kabupaten sorong. Diantaranya diujung kota sorong, daerah saoka; kabupaten sorong, aimas dan kepulauan rajaampat, waisai. Didapatkan hasil yang signifikan sesuai dengan kecepatan internet yang didapatkan. Koresponden menggunakan paket data dan wifi telekomunikasi
ANALISIS PEMANFAATAN E-LEARNING SEBAGAI MEDIA STUDENTS CENTER LEARNING (SCL) DALAM MENDUKUNG PROSES PEMBELAJARAN SELAMA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI POLITEKNIK PELAYARAN SORONG
Authors: Hafita Yuniar Ayu , Sulistiono Agus , Suroyo Suroyo , Muhammad Fadel 
Published: September 2021

Pembelajaran yang berpusat pada peserta didik (student centered-learning/SCL) diharapkan dapat mendorong mereka untuk terlibat secara aktif dalam membangun pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku. Dalam proses pembelajaran perguruan tinggi vokasi, SCL berperan penting sebagai model pembelajaran yang efektif. Hal tersebut dikarenakan oleh pembelajaran praktek lebih dominan daripada pembelajaran teori. Namun demikian, pembelajaran jarak jauh (e-learning) berlangsung di Politeknik Pelayaran Sorong selama masa pandemik Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19). Pemanfaatan pembelajaran e-learning sebagai media SCL diharapkan dapat membuat pembelajaran efektif selama masa pandemik Covid-19. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pemanfaatan e-learning sebagai media Students Center Learning (SCL) dalam mendukung proses pembelajaran selama masa pandemi covid-19 di Politeknik Pelayaran Sorong. Lokasi penelitian adalah Politeknik Pelayaran Sorong dengan subjek para taruna/I dan pengajar. Metode yang akan digunakan adalah kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Instrumen yang akan digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data yaitu kuesioner dan wawancara. Dalam menganalisa data hasil penelitian, penuis akan menggunakan skala likert dalam kuesioner dan interpretasi hasil wawancara untuk menarik kesimpulan.Student Centered- Learing (SCL)
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF RATIONALITY AND SPIRITUALITY INTEGRATION IN ITB SPIRITUAL COCUURICULAR CAMP TO INCREASE RELIGIOUS SPIRIT AND CREATE STUDENTS WITH NON-RADICAL MILITANT WISDOM
Authors: Zaenal Ausop Asep 
Published: September 2021

ITB Spiritual Camp adalah sebuah model Kokurikuler Pendidikan Agama Islam yang dilaksanakan di Salman, masjid kampus ITB. Tujuannya adalah untuk membangunkan spiritualitas mahasiswa peserta kuliah agama yang mungkin masih “tidur” sehingga terjadi keseimbangan antara rasionalitas sains dan filsafat yang diperoleh dari kegiatan intrakurikuler di dalam kelas, dengan spritualitas esoteric agama yang diperoleh dari kegiatan kokurikuler ITB SC. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keefektifan kegiatan ITB Spiritual Camp dalam menyeimbangkan aspek rasionalitas dengan aspek spiritualitas esoteric agama mahasiswa guna meningkatkan gairah keberagamaan, dan menopang perwujudan mahasiswa berkepribadian bijaksana, militant, non-radikal. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah dekriptif ekplanatoris Pendekatan analisis adalah pendekatan sainstific psikologi Pendidikan, pendekatan teologis, dan pendekatan filosofis. Sumber data berasal dari Pembina masjid Salam, dosen Pembina, para mentor, dan mahasiswa peserta ITB SC. Instrumen penelitian adalah wawancara mendalam observasi partisipan, dan angket.
Keyword: ITB Spiritual Camp; Rasionalitas; Spiritualitas; gairah keberagamaan; bijaksana
Three new species of Patrus Aubé with additional records of Gyrinidae from China (Coleoptera, Gyrinidae)
Authors: Liang Zulong , Angus Robert B. , Jia Fenglong 
Published: September 2021

Three new species of Patrus Aubé, 1838 are described from China: Patrus hainanensis sp. nov. from Hainan; Patrus jiangxiensis sp. nov. from Jiangxi; Patrus shangchuanensis sp. nov. from Guangdong. Eight species / subspecies of Gyrinidae are recorded from China for the first time: Metagyrinus vitalisi (Peschet, 1923), Orectochilus argenteolimbatus Peschet, 1923, Orectochilus murinus Régimbart, 1892, Patrus haemorrhous (Régimbart, 1892), Patrus marginepennis angustilimbus (Ochs, 1925) from Yunnan; Patrus coomani (Peschet, 1925) from Guangdong; Patrus procerus (Régimbart, 1884) from Guangxi; Patrus annandalei (Ochs, 1925) from Hainan. Additional faunistic data of Gyrinidae from China are provided. A key to Chinese species of Patrus Aubé based on examined specimens from China is given.
KVALITATIV METODE I PRAKSIS
Authors: Friedman Kajsa Ekholm 
Published: September 2021

Kajsa Ekholm Friedman: Qualitative
Method in Practice
Social anthropologists doing fieldwork must
realize that no transformation of „us“ into
„hem" is possible. Instead they must rely on
communication across cultural horders. By
carefully going through informants narratives
and statements during interviews. Kajsa
Ekholm Friedman illustrates how such dialogues
can take place. Her first example is
from fieldwork in Congo. It shows how the
encounter with a different tradition of sensemaking
leads to a situation where no sense
can be made at all. Ekholm Friedman then
goes on to describe how the fieldworker gradually
builds up new understandings. The
second example contains some intriguing
episodes from fieldwork in Hawaii where
Ekholm Friedman explores the Hawaiian
practice of adoption, hanai. Here, it is the
emphasis on sameness rather than difference
between the fieldworker and the informant
which is the primary method that leads to
understanding. However, in the final part of
the Hawaiian interviews we leam how the
focus on sameness must never exclude the
sensitivity for difference, nor the awareness
of dominant actors and their hegemonic
interpretations.
ARKTISKE FOLK SOM STATISTER OG AKTØRER PÅ DEN GLOBALE SCENE
Authors: Sejersen Frank 
Published: September 2021

Frank Sejersen: Arctic people as by-standers
and actors at the global stage
For centuries, the indigenous peoples of the
Arctic have been perceived as isolated from
the rest of the world. The article argues that
secluded Arctic communities do not exist
and that Arctic peoples are integrated into
numerous political, cultural and economic
relations of a global extent. The pre-colonial
inter-continental trade between Siberia and
Alaska and the increased militarization the
whole circumpolar region are but two
examples. Throughout history, indigenous
peoples of the Arctic have been players on
the global stage. Today, this position has been
strengthened because political work on
this stage is imperative in order to secure the
welfare and possibilities of local Arctic
communities. To mention an example, Arctic
peoples’ hunting activities have been under
extreme pressure from the anti-harvesting
movement. The anti-harvesting organizations
run campaigns to ban hunting and stop
the trade with products from whales, seals
and furbearing animals. Thus, political and
cultural processes far from the homeland of
Arctic peoples, have consequences for the
daily life of many Arctic families. The global
stage has become an important comerstone
in indigenous peoples’ strive to gain more
control over their own future. The right to
trade, development and self-determination
are some of the rights they claim.
MENNESKER OG ELEFANTER: Om tolkninger af Afrikas elefanter i Afrika og Europa
Authors: Svennevig Ingeborg 
Published: September 2021

Ingeborg Svennevig: People and elephants
- Of interpretations of African
elephants in Africa and Europe
In the article the author ventures into the different
interpretations that people have made
of the African elephant. These are then interpreted
as being founded on three distinet perception
of the relation between people and
animals: Anthropocentric, anthropomorphic
and zoomorphic. Examples are then given of
the relations between people and elephants
in accordance with the perceptions. Firstly,
as an animal meant for utilisation by people
primarily being hunted for ivory and meat.
Secondly, as an animal that people can understand
as they do each other, and therefore
hunt it in special ways that seems acceptable
for the hunter. And thirdly, as an animal that
can funetion as an exemplary to people and
the way we are living together in a natural
environment. It is concluded that animals
should only funetion as exemplary for
people, when it is stressed that the exempla-
ry is of human origin, carrying cultural and/
or social prescriptions.
HANÆG: Om fuglesymboler i de historiske tupinambåers menneskeofringer
Authors: Pedersen Kenneth 
Published: September 2021

Mange kildebehandlinger og -analyser har derfor sidenhen bestræbt sig på at ordne
dette historiske materiale hen mod en intern organisering og ekstern sammenligning - for
at komme „ned under" krønikeskrivernes overfladeskildringer og blot afsløre nogle af
dette rituals mulige emiske betydninger.3 Denne artikel skal da også ses som et beskedent
bidrag til at kaste lys over den gåde at tupinambåeme ofrede og åd/spiste hinanden.
ETNOGRAFI PÅ AFVEJE: Om anvendeligheden af begrebet „lokal viden" i aids-forebyggelse
Authors: Godtfredsen Ulla 
Published: September 2021

Ulla Godtfredsen: Ethnography Gone
Astray. On the Applicability of “Local
Knowledge” in HIV/AIDS Prevention
Researchers and organisations working in
the field of AIDS have increasingly sought
to explore and consider „local knowledge"
as a means of adapting AIDS prevention
programmes to local cultural settings. This
has been done in order to translate “Western
scientific facts” on AIDS into locally
intelligible terms in the belief that appropriate
information would make target groups
alter their behaviour, sexual and otherwise,
accordingly. By going through ethnographic
material on traditional healing and female
circumcision in Guinea-Bissau, the author
shows how „ocal knowledge” cannot be
conceived as a fixed and bounded category.
Knowledge is intertwined with practice and
continually changed in interaction with new
forms of knowledge. Also, the description of
„local" knowledge entails the demarcation
of fixed local entities which do not correspond
with the pluralism of any social
setting. It is therefore difficult, if not
impossible, to map out one form of „local
knowledge" and replace that with another
and “betler” set of (scientific) knowledge.
Efforts against HIV/AIDS must be part of a
broader cultural development process.
STIGMA-STATISTIK: Når dagsordener sættes i dansk aids-politik
Authors: Seeberg Jens 
Published: September 2021

Jens Seeberg: Stigma Statistics: Agendas
in the Making in Danish AIDS Policy
This article explores a number of paradoxes
and assumptions in the public debate on
AIDS in Denmark. They form part of a
recurrent attack on the Danish ‘soft line’
AIDS policy that maintains anonymity and
voluntary HIV-testing. One central issue in
recent years has been obligatory testing of
asylum seekers from high risk areas as a
precondition for considering the asylum
request. Especially asylum seekers from
African countries are pointed out as constituting
a major threat to the native Danish
population in terms of spread of HIV. This is
shown to rest on a misreading of the official
statistics, repeated as often as the statistics
themselves. The assumption that there is a
basic clash between the human rights of the
HIV-infected person and the population in
general is discussed. This conceived clash
rests on the assumption that restrictions of
the human rights of the HIV-infected person
will provide efficient protection for the noninfected
majority. The potential counterproductive
effects of this line of thought are
discussed. Contact tracing is sometimes
considered as an effective preventive
measure. Part of the critique of the present
AIDS policy States that contact tracing is
virtually non-existing and that this has a
major negative impact on the preventive
efforts. It is argued that while the impact of
contact tracing in itself may be rather
limited, the lack of contact tracing may be
seen as a symptom of insufficient counselling.
While obligatory HIV testing may
never be practiced in Denmark, its recurrent
appearance on the agenda serves to provoke
a defensive stand among AIDS policy
makers. It is argued that this debate has
hitherto had the effect of keeping the needs
of HIV-infected people - and especially
HIV-infected immigrants — away from
public debate and serious concern.
RITUEL GESTUS: Kroppen som skala og som æstetisk form
Authors: Andersen Jørgen Østergård 
Published: September 2021

Jørgen Østergård Andersen: Ritual
Gestures. The Body as Scale and as
Aesthetic Form
The article focuses on ritual gestures, and it
delineates a theoretical field of investigation,
which gives expression to aesthetic
practices, which are beyond - or rather,
intersticial zones in - the semantic domains.
It is argued that the ritual gestures generate a
contact with a sphere, which is termed
“sacred” in the anthropological tradition and
“sublime” in the aesthetic, philosophical
tradition. It is further argued that the aesthetic
field cannot be reduced to the social order
of semantic domains, since this would imply
a misrepresentation of the meaning of ritual
performances. The widespread contextual
signification of rituals in anthropological
debates and in ritual studies is therefore
challenged in the article, and it is argued that
such analyses do not give expression to the
meaning or structure of the rituals. Such
analysis, which merely describes the social
context of the ritual, puts an end to the theoretical
exploration into the singular meaning
of the ritual - even before the analysis of the
meaning gets under way. To illustrate these
points, the ahjaliputa gesture is decribed and
two “rites de passage” in Sri Lanka are
analysed: kota hålu (giris puberty rituals)
and upasampadå (monks higher ordination
rituals). The subtitle - the body as scale and
as aesthetic form - points to a further
argument in the article that the body is a
scale, which organises the semantic domains
in a hierarchy of concrete, material objects.
The aesthetic zones are found in such transitions
from object to domain and they imply a
transition from one scale to another. It is
argued that the ambiguity of ritual gestures
explores such intersticial zones.
BLUFÆRDIGHEDENS MAGT, MAGTENS BLUFÆRDIGHED: Prins Henriks nøgenbilleder
Authors: Arcand Bernard 
Published: September 2021

Bernard Arcand: The Power of Modesty
and the Modesty of Power. The Nude
Pictures of Prince Henrik
This article argues that pomography requires
modesty almost as much as nudity, in order
to piease its audience by adding to the spectacle
of sex some feeling of conquest. Modesty
appears as a primary notion at the root of
social life: from the book of Genesis, when
Adam and Eve express shyness, to the teachings
of the Touareg on the proper use of the
veil and to the recent surge of so-called
“amateur pomography”. Modesty translates
how others become fascinating and
attractive, an obvious pre-requisite for Creative
interaction.