bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimized multi-step synchronous electric charge extraction via accurate electrical efficiency analysis
Authors: Tang Hao , Liu Weiqun , Hu Guobiao , Liu Jian , Dong Dawei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The synchronous electric charge extraction (SECE) circuit has been widely used for piezoelectric energy harvesting due to its load independence properties but suffers from low circuit quality. In recent years, the multi-step (MS) energy extraction strategy has been proposed to reduce electrical dissipation. To offer deeper insights into how the MS strategy improves electrical efficiency and thereby maximizes the potential capacity of the SECE circuit, a theoretical model is developed to analyze the energy flows at the synchronous instants. Based on the theoretical model, the optimal voltage-flip sequences (VFSs) for two-step (2S) and three-step (3S) SECE circuits are determined. Moreover, this method is further extended to a general N-step case using a recursive approach. Good agreement between the experimental and the theoretical results has validated the proposed optimal VFSs. Compared to the standard SECE circuit, the 2S-SECE and 3S-SECE circuits can enhance efficiency by 41.9% and 65.5%, respectively, at an initial voltage of 2.5 V, and harvest additional power of 352 μW and 568 μW when the voltage increases to 40 V. The proposed VFSs provide a valuable reference for optimizing the performance of the MS-SECE circuit.
Evolution from the Kondo phase to the RKKY phase in the small impurity spacing regime of the two-impurity Anderson model
Authors: Du 杜 Hou-Min 厚旻 , Liu 刘 Yu-Liang 玉良 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Understanding the quantum critical phenomena is one of the most important and challenging tasks in condensed matter physics and the two-impurity Anderson model (TIAM) is a good starting point for this exploration. To this end, we employ the algebraic equation of motion approach to calculate the TIAM and analytically obtain the explicit single-particle impurity Green function under the soft cut-off approximation (SCA). This approach effectively incorporates the impurity spacing as an intrinsic parameter. By solving the pole equations of the Green function, we have, for the first time, qualitatively calculated the spectral weight functions of the corresponding low-energy excitations. We find that when the impurity spacing is less than one lattice distance, the dynamic Rudermann–Kittel–Kasuya–Yosida (RKKY) interaction effectively enters, resulting in a rapid increase in the spectral weights of the RKKY phase, which ultimately surpass those of the Kondo phase; while the spectral weights of the Kondo phase are strongly suppressed. From the perspective of spectral weights, we further confirm the existence of a crossover from the Kondo phase to the RKKY phase in the TIAM. Based on these results, the reasons for the phenomenon of the Kondo resonance splitting are also discussed.
Linear and nonlinear resonant properties of electron gas in n-InSb and graphene layers in terahertz range in bias magnetic fields
Authors: Grimalsky V , Rapoport Yu , Koshevaya S , Nosich A , Escobedo-Alatorre J 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The nonlinear conductivity of 2D electron gas in graphene and 3D electron gas in the narrow-gap n-InSb semiconductor has been simulated in terahertz (THz) range by various methods including the direct quantum approach, the quasi-classical kinetics, and the quasi-relativistic hydrodynamics. These methods yield the same results under the electron temperatures ≤100 K when the kinetic electron effective mass used in the nonlinear hydrodynamics is equal to the effective mass in n-InSb and it is equal to some nonzero mass that depends on 2D electron concentration in the graphene. The linear resonant dependencies of the complex electron conductivity are simulated both from the kinetic theory and from the hydrodynamic one. The kinetic dependencies of the resonant conductivity on frequency coincide with ones obtained from the hydrodynamic theory under realistic electron concentrations and collision frequencies. Thus, the nonlinear hydrodynamic equations are valid to describe the nonlinear dynamics of the electron gas in graphene and in n-InSb. The nonlinear hydrodynamics has been applied for simulations of nonlinear propagation of THz electromagnetic waves through the multilayer structures dielectric - graphene or n-InSb - dielectric placed in a bias magnetic field. The simplest three-layer structures demonstrate the sharp nonlinear switching of the transparency of THz waves and the bistability under relatively low values of amplitudes of the incident electromagnetic wave.
The effect of additive biomaterials on the printability and characterization of PCL-based composite scaffolds fabricated by screw extrusion 3D printing
Authors: Phung Lan Xuan , Le Bang Thi , Nguyen Phuong Mai Thi , Nguyen Huyen Trang Thi , Nguyen Trung Kien 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
To enhance cell adhesion and cell interactions for diverse tissue engineering applications, polycaprolactone (PCL) has been integrated with few biomaterials such as ceramic (i.e. tricalcium phosphate - TCP), hydrogel (i.e. sodium alginate - SA), and synthetic polymer materials (i.e. polyethylene glycol - PEG). Each type of additive material presents typical characteristics, the comparison among these three biomaterial types is currently inadequate. In this study, a 3D printer using direct powder screw extrusion technique was applied for fabricating three types of PCL-based composite scaffolds (namely, PCL-PEG, PCL-SA, and PCL-TCP) which are representative of each type of additive material. The experimental evaluation on the printability, scaffold morphology, surface roughness, hydrophobicity, and cell proliferation of these PCL-based composite scaffolds were compared under the same conditions. The results demonstrated that the additive materials with an amount from 20 wt% have a notable effect on the printability of PCL matrix material and significant enhancement of cell proliferation. The incorporation of PEG with PCL is the most effective choice to increase the hydrophilicity of the scaffold surface. The PCL-SA scaffold provided a more favorable environment for cells at the initial stage, whereas the PCL-TCP scaffold demonstrated superior cell proliferation over time. These findings also demonstrate the feasibility of a direct powder screw extrusion printhead on 3D printing for composite scaffolds in tissue engineering applications.
Automate cancer synoptic reporting with HyperText Markup Language (HTML) and JavaScript
Authors: Duan Aaron , Guo Kevin , Guo Huazhang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives
The College of American Pathologists (CAP) Cancer Protocols are developed to facilitate cancer synoptic reporting. CAP offers these Cancer Protocols in both free printable and commercially licensed electronic formats. Several academic institutions have also implemented these Cancer Protocols as web-based services. Due to financial and technical limitations, many resource-limited pathology laboratories still rely on the free printable Cancer Protocols that involve extensive text editing and secretarial support, and they are error-prone.

This study
implemented low-cost, low-barrier, and flexible electronic CAP Cancer Protocols to automate cancer synoptic reporting.

Methods
For each printable CAP Cancer Protocol, a dynamic data entry form is created using HyperText Markup Language (HTML) with embedded JavaScript, which is then presented in a web browser for pathologists to enter cancer case-specific information. Once the data entry form is complete, the case-specific information entered by the pathologists will be collected, and a synoptic report will be automatically created in the web browser by a companion JavaScript program. The synoptic report can then be copied into the corresponding pathology report.

Results
We implemented the commonly used CAP Cancer Protocols into electronic form using HTML/JavaScript. Using this tool, our pathologist reported at least 50% time savings compared to the previous manual process.

Conclusions
The proposed HTML/JavaScript-based Cancer Protocols are low-cost, low-barrier, and flexible alternatives to current commercially and academically available electronic CAP Cancer Protocols, especially for pathologists working in resource-limited laboratories. The same implementation methods can also be extended to implement international variants of Cancer Protocols, including non-English Cancer Protocols.
Effect of ultrafine CO2 bubbles on Euglena gracilis Z growth with CO2 gas bubble size and chlorophyll content
Authors: Suzuki-Nagata Shino , Mase Nobuyuki , Kozuka Tomoki , Ng Jack C , Suzuki Tetsuya 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Microalgae have been explored as a viable alternative food source. Among them, Euglena gracilis stands out as a promising single-cell algae. However, the challenge lies in developing more efficient and cost-effective methods for industrial mass production of E. gracilis under controlled culture conditions. Our research aimed to address this by investigating the role of nanotechnology in using fine to ultra-fine bubble CO2 (FB-CO2)—ranging from micrometer to nanometer size—as feeding material to promote cell harvest of E. gracilis Z in autotrophic culture conditions. Our findings suggest that feeding E. gracilis Z with FB-CO2 increased cell growth and chlorophyll content in autotrophic culture conditions. The promotion effect can be attributed to the provision of non-ionized carbon dioxide to the photosynthetic system, which was further enhanced by the dispersion of FB-CO2 in the culture media under acidic conditions.
Human activities and dispersal capacity: key drivers of dung beetle colonization in Mediterranean and Macaronesian islands
Authors: Tonelli Mattia , Lobo Jorge M 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study examines how geography, environmental factors, and human history shape the composition of dung beetle assemblages on Mediterranean and Macaronesian islands. We analysed 146 islands (27 in Macaronesia and 119 in the Mediterranean), compiling species inventories from extensive literature. Various environmental factors and species traits, such as body size, geographical range, and nesting behaviours, were evaluated using statistical methods, including Simple Matching Coefficient and k-means clustering, to assess species colonization capacities and biogeographical patterns. Our results show that dung beetle assemblages on these islands are more similar to those of the European mainland than to those inhabiting North Africa or the Middle East, particularly on larger and more populated islands. Human-driven processes, including historical colonization, significantly shape the observed trait distributions, diminishing the impact of geographical isolation. Species with traits such as broader geographical ranges, larger body sizes, and paracoprid nesting behaviour exhibited higher colonization success, indicating that species with better dispersal ability and adaptability are more likely to thrive in insular environments. These findings emphasize the complex interplay between natural and human-mediated factors in shaping island biodiversity. Traditional biogeographical theories prioritize isolation as a key driver of species diversity, whereas our study highlights the pivotal role of human activity in facilitating species establishment and persistence. This human influence can override classical island biogeography effects, such as isolation and island size. Our study underscores the need to integrate both ecological and anthropogenic factors when studying island biodiversity and calls for further research into how these forces interact in insular ecosystems.
Elucidating the reaction kinetics of hydrogen generation via ethanol steam reforming using a nickel-based catalyst
Authors: Ali Feysal M , Rosha Pali , Yusuf Mohammad , Hmadeh Mohamad , Ibrahim Hussameldin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The continuous rise in CO2 emissions from fossil fuel consumption has intensified the search for alternative clean energy sources. Hydrogen produced from renewable sources like ethanol offers a promising alternative to fossil fuels, mitigating CO2 emissions. This study investigates the kinetics of hydrogen production via ethanol steam reforming using a nickel-based catalyst, specifically the Ar-401 catalyst. Characterization techniques, including scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method, temperature-programmed reduction, and powder X-ray diffraction, were used to analyze the catalyst properties. Under optimal conditions of 973 K, atmospheric pressure, and a steam-to-ethanol ratio of 9, we achieved 100% ethanol conversion, 74.8% hydrogen selectivity, and 85% hydrogen yield. Kinetic experiments were conducted under kinetically controlled conditions, examining the effects of temperature (473–673 K) and weight hourly space velocity ranging from 1 to 15 (g·h/mol). A power law kinetic model was developed, yielding an activation energy of 11.17 kJ/mol and a reaction order of 0.46, with an absolute average deviation of 3.23% between predicted and experimental rates. This study provides key insights into the reaction mechanisms and highlights the effectiveness of the nickel-based catalyst, providing valuable insights for the design of efficient chemical reactors for sustainable hydrogen production.
Atrial fibrillation status and associations with adverse clinical outcomes in patients hospitalized with COVID-19: a large unselected statewide population-linkage study
Authors: Ne Jia Yi Anna , Chow Clara K , Chow Vincent , Hyun Karice , Kritharides Leonard , Brieger David , Ng Austin Chin Chwan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is common in COVID-19 patients. The impact of AF on major-adverse-cardiovascular-events (MACE is defined as all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke, cardiac failure, or coronary revascularization), recurrent AF admission, and venous thromboembolism in hospitalized COVID-19 patients is unclear.

Methods and results
Patients admitted with COVID-19 (1 January 2020 to 30 September 2021) were identified from the New South Wales Admitted-Patient-Data-Collection database, stratified by AF status (no-AF vs. prior-AF or new-AF during index COVID-19 admission) and followed-up until 31 March 2022. Multivariable Cox regression and competing risk analyses were performed to assess the impact of AF on MACE and non-fatal outcomes respectively. Our cohort comprised 145 293 COVID-19 patients (median age 67.4 years old; 49.7% males): new-AF, n = 5140 (3.5%); prior-AF, n = 23 204 (16.0%). During a median follow-up of 9 months, prior-AF and new-AF patients had significantly higher MACE events (44.7% vs. 36.2% vs. 18.0%) and all-cause mortality (36.0% vs. 28.7% vs. 15.2%) compared to no-AF patients (both logrank P &lt; 0.001). After adjusting for age, gender, intensive-care-unit admission, referral source, and comorbidities, compared to no-AF, new-AF and prior-AF groups were independently associated with MACE [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 1.15, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.09–1.20; aHR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.33–1.40, respectively]. Competing risk analyses showed rehospitalization rates for ischaemic stroke, cardiac failure, and AF, but not venous thromboembolism, were significantly higher in these patients. Both new-AF and prior-AF patients had higher rehospitalization rates for ischaemic stroke compared to no-AF patients, independent of CHA2DS2VASc.

Conclusion
COVID-19 patients with AF are at high risk of adverse clinical outcomes. Such patients may need increased surveillance and consideration for early anticoagulation.
REFRAMING AGING: THE IMPACT OF LABELS ON ATTITUDES TOWARD OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Vale Michael , Bjelka Ava 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Efforts to combat ageism advocate for avoiding labels, such as “old”, “elderly”, and “senior citizen”; however, these labels persist in everyday speech, and new terms like “Ok Boomer” have recently gained popularity. To examine the perception and impact of such labels on older adults, we had young, middle-aged, and older participants complete an online experiment in which they read a vignette. More specifically, we manipulated the label (i.e., older, old, elderly, senior citizen, Boomer, in their 70s) and gender (i.e., woman, man) of the main character. Preliminary findings from a sample of 512 participants (ages 18-91) were analyzed using 6x2x3 ANOVAs. A three-way interaction was significant for ratings of offensiveness (p&lt;.001, ηP2=.07), with middle-aged participants finding the labels most offensive. Older participants, particularly when the target was described as a woman, were most offended by labels like “elderly” or “old.” Similarly, the appropriateness of labels varied across gender and label types (p=.07, ηP2=.02), with “old” rated more appropriate for women and “Boomer” for men. Differences in labels also affected perceptions of competence (p=.06, ηP2=.02). Meanwhile warmth perceptions varied across age groups (p&lt;.001, ηP2=.11), with young adults viewing targets most warmly. These results suggest that labels matter in shaping perceptions of older adults, especially among the demographic they represent. Our findings can guide initiatives aimed at reframing aging perceptions and highlight how language can shape attitudes towards older adults. The results also underscore how ageism intersects with sexism. Further analysis will be conducted on the full sample (N&lt;900).
INTERNALIZED AGEISM AS A RISK FACTOR FOR SUICIDAL IDEATION IN LATER LIFE
Authors: Gendron Tracey , Camp Alyssa , Gigi Amateau 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide proposes that suicidal ideation is based on the immutability of two constructs – perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness. This study examined the influence of ageism on suicidal ideation using the framework of the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide, investigating whether internalized and relational ageism contribute to suicidal ideation beyond the variance already explained by demographic factors, thwarted belonging, and perceived burdensomeness. Using Research Match volunteers 65 and older in the United States were recruited to participate in an online survey. A total of 454 individuals from over 30 states participated in the study. Twelve percent of respondents reported that they had experienced suicidal ideation in the past month. Hierarchical Logistic Regression analysis demonstrated that age (OR = 1.07, 95% CI [1.00, 1.15]), and internalized ageism (OR = 1.19, 95% CI [1.07, 1.32]) had significant associations with suicidal ideation. Among all independent variables, internalized ageism had the strongest association with suicidal ideation. Ageism can result in people feeling their needs being ignored or dismissed due to their age or feeling isolated from a world that does not recognize or value their contributions. Findings from this study further amplify the critical importance of understanding the real-world impact of ageism.
A SPACE OF OUR OWN: RECLAIMING PUBLIC OPEN SPACES FOR SELF-EXPRESSION AND COMMUNITY
Authors: Maulod Ad , Ravindran Malcolm , Wong Yunjie 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Public open spaces give older persons opportunities to build social capital and community, and are important sites in promoting self-expression, meaning- and place-making– attributes crucial to successful ageing-in-place. In Singapore, residents have little influence over the design and production of public open spaces, while regulations on the use of these spaces may dissuade utilization by older persons. Despite ‘age-friendly’ principles undergirding Singapore’s built environment, contestations arise in terms of top-down planned activity-usage, and older persons’ actualization of what aspirations they have in using such spaces. Recently, the government has increased the provision of ‘active ageing centres’ nationwide, intended to be inclusive, low barrier-to-entry spaces within residential neighbourhoods, to encourage social engagement and community support among older persons. However, older persons’ perceptions of designated senior-spaces as catering to the sick and vulnerable, leads to hesitance in utilizing those spaces. Drawing from ethnographic interviews across multiple qualitative research studies with over 200 older persons in Singapore, we found that participants expressed a lack of control over their community spaces, programme offerings, and are not empowered to organize activities with fellow residents. Yet, their narratives also highlight creative strategies to resist regulatory practices and inhabit public open spaces with activities that align with their desires to age well. Public open spaces are crucial to older persons’ freedom and autonomy. Accessibility, in terms of physical and social infrastructure, needs to be reframed in ways that value older persons’ diverse interests, capacity to self-organize, and potential for building community.
SUPPORTING AGING IN PLACE THROUGH IWISH: IMPACTS FROM THE SUPPORTIVE SERVICES DEMONSTRATION
Authors: Breunig Ian , Vandawalker Melissa , Groover Kimberly , Hoodin Derek 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The U.S. Congress sponsored the Supportive Services Demonstration (SSD) to learn whether structured health and wellness support can help older adults remain in HUD-assisted housing developments longer. The demonstration tested the Integrated Wellness in Supportive Housing (IWISH) model, which funds both an onsite Resident Wellness Director and part-time Wellness Nurse at multifamily properties to address health, housing, and social service needs of adults ages 62 and older. Through a cluster-randomized controlled trial including properties in seven states, SSD tests whether IWISH affects: (1) the length of stay in housing by reducing transitions to long-term care, (2) unplanned hospitalizations and other acute healthcare utilization, and (3) primary care utilization. We linked individual resident data with Medicare and Medicaid data and compared utilization and tenure between IWISH and control residents. During the first three years of the demonstration (October 2017–September 2020), we found no evidence that IWISH affected residents’ healthcare utilization or caused residents to remain in their homes longer; but there are reasons to be optimistic about the longer-term impact of the IWISH model. Subgroup analyses show IWISH reduced rates that residents aged 62-64 and residents 85 or older used acute care services. We also found two aspects of the IWISH model seemed to improve outcomes: working individually with residents on meeting their health and wellness goals and providing transitional care to residents returning home from a hospital or long-term care stay. Outcomes were worse at properties that are isolated or lacking access to nutritional food.