bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An open-label phase II study comparing two doses of MK-6482 for the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) following progression on prior systemic therapy.
Authors: Atkins Michael B. , Liu Yanfang , Perini Rodolfo F. , Roy Ananya , Haanen John B. A. G. 
Published: March 2021

TPS369 Background: Treatment options for RCC in the late-line setting after immunotherapy and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-targeted therapy are limited. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-2α is a transcription factor that has been established as an oncogenic driver in clear cell RCC (ccRCC). The first-in-class small molecular HIF-2α inhibitor, MK-6482, recently showed promising antitumor activity in a cohort of heavily pretreated ccRCC patients (pts) and in pts with von Hippel-Lindau–disease-associated RCC for which the FDA granted Breakthrough Therapy Designation to MK-6482. Methods: This randomized, open-label, multicenter phase II trial will evaluate the efficacy and safety of 2 doses of MK-6482 in pts with advanced RCC who have experienced progression after prior systemic therapy (NCT04489771). Eligible pts are male or female aged ≥18 years with histologically confirmed locally advanced or metastatic ccRCC (measurable disease per RECIST v1.1) who have experienced progression after 1-3 prior systemic therapies comprising an anti-PD-1/L1 agent combined with a VEGF-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) or an anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 agent and have undergone no more than 3 prior systemic regimens; and a Karnofsky Performance Scale ≥70. Treatment progression on anti-PD-1/L1 combination therapy was defined as pts who received at least 2 doses of anti-PD-1/L1 therapy and demonstrated radiographic disease progression as assessed by the investigator. Pts who have received prior treatment with MK-6482 or another HIF-2α inhibitor, and those requiring intermittent or chronic supplemental oxygen, or with a baseline hemoglobin less than 10 g/dL, a history of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B or hepatitis C infection, or active central nervous system metastases will be excluded. Approximately 150 pts will be randomly assigned 1:1 to oral MK-6482 120 mg once daily (QD) or 200 mg QD; treatment will continue until progression, unacceptable toxicity, or withdrawal. Pts will be stratified by International Metastatic RCC Database Consortium prognostic scores (0, 1-2, 3-6) and the number of prior TKI-containing therapies (0, 1, or 2-3). Imaging with computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging will be undertaken on Week 9 from the date of randomization, every 8 weeks through Week 49, and every 12 weeks thereafter. Adverse events will be monitored throughout the study and for 30 days after treatment (90 days for serious adverse events). The primary end point is objective response rate per RECIST v1.1 by blinded independent central review (BICR). Secondary end points are progression-free survival, duration of response and clinical benefit rate per RECIST v1.1 by BICR, overall survival, pharmacokinetics, and safety. Safety will be analyzed using a tiered approach. This study is recruiting. Clinical trial information: NCT04489771 .
Family planning science and practice lessons from the 2018 International Conference on Family Planning
Authors: Rusatira Jean Christophe , Silberg Claire , Mickler Alexandria , Salmeron Carolina , Twahirwa Rwema Jean Olivier , Johnstone Maia , Martinez Michelle , Rimon Jose G. , Zimmerman Linnea 
Published: March 2021

Background Since 2009, the International Conference on Family Planning (ICFP) has served as an opportunity for the global reproductive health community to share FP advances and practice lessons in the areas of research, programming, and advocacy. The purpose of this paper was to synthesize the key results and findings presented by members of the FP community at the 2018 ICFP Conference. Methods More than 700 abstracts from all 15 conference tracks were reviewed and 64 abstracts total were selected for this paper based on the novelty and urgency of the findings. The content analysis of conference abstracts were grouped into six final thematic areas. Results 1) Investing in family planning for a lifetime of returns. FP continues to face a shortage of funding. Domestically based and locally owned funding models provide alternative financing solutions. 2) Addressing inequities in family planning for key populations. Various populations still face challenges in accessing FP. Youth-inclusive and user-centered programming show promise in addressing such challenges. 3) Reproductive justice, Unsafe abortions tend to be more common among younger, poor, uneducated and rural women. Legislation is still needed to facilitate a culture of safe abortions. 4) Couple dynamics and decision-making. Couples who share equitable responsibility in decision-making processes are more likely to use contraceptives; couple disagreement influences women’s decisions to covertly use FP. 5) Male involvement in programming. Male champions can successfully promote uptake of FP. Gender-transformative programming promotes gender equity and impacts behavior change. 6) Breakthroughs in novel contraceptives and systems improvement in family planning. Recent advances include user-centered contraceptive technologies that allow for self-administration and information systems which optimize supply chain management. Conclusion The research, advocacy, and programmatic abstracts at ICFP 2018 highlighted research advances, showcased implementation science wins, and provided evidence of critical knowledge gaps in global FP access and use
Perceived risk of COVID-19 acquisition and maternal mental distress
Authors: Sharifi-Heris Zahra , Moghasemi Sedigheh , Ghamsary Mark , Moodi Saba , Ghprbani Zainab , Amiri-Farahani Leila 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundPregnant women are a high-risk population for mental health effects during a pandemic.ObjectiveThis study aims to examine the association of perceived risk toward COVID-19 viral infection acquisition and maternal mental distress.MethodsIn a cross-sectional study, a total of 392 pregnant women were recruited. Data gathered using the perceived stress scale, State-Trait anxiety inventory, Beck depression inventory, and protective behaviour were assessed. Linear regression analysis was applied in both unadjusted and adjusted models to assess the association between the exposure and outcome variables.ResultsIn all five unadjusted and adjusted models, the perceived risk of COVID-19 acquisition remained a highly significant predictor for stress, anxiety factor 1 and 2, depression, and protective behaviours (P<0.001).ConclusionCOVID-19 may be an important additional stress source for pregnant women.
Impact of the new heart allocation policy on patients with restrictive, hypertrophic, or congenital cardiomyopathies
Authors: Chouairi Fouad , Mullan Clancy W. , Sen Sounok , Mori Makoto , Fuery Michael , Elder Robert W. , Lesse Joshua , Norton Kelsey , Clark Katherine A. , Miller P. Elliott , Mulligan David , Formica Richard , Rogers Joseph G. , Jacoby Daniel , Maulion Christopher , Anwer Muhammad , Geirsson Arnar , Desai Nihar R. , Ahmad Tariq 
Published: March 2021

Background
Patients with restrictive or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (RCM/HCM) and congenital heart disease (CHD) do not derive clinical benefit from inotropes and mechanical circulatory support. Concerns were expressed that the new heart allocation system implemented in October 2018 would disadvantage these patients. This paper aimed to examine the impact of the new adult heart allocation system on transplantation and outcomes among patients with RCM/HCM/CHD.

Methods
We identified adult patients with RCM/HCM/CHD in the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) database who were listed for or received a cardiac transplant from April 2017-June 2020. The cohort was separated into those listed before and after allocation system changes. Demographics and recipient characteristics, donor characteristics, waitlist survival, and post-transplantation outcomes were analyzed.

Results
The number of patients listed for RCM/HCM/CHD increased after the allocation system change from 429 to 517. Prior to the change, the majority RCM/HCM/CHD patients were Status 1A at time of transplantation; afterwards, most were Status 2. Wait times decreased significantly for all: RCM (41 days vs 27 days; P<0.05), HCM (55 days vs 38 days; P<0.05), CHD (81 days vs 49 days; P<0.05). Distance traveled increased for all: RCM (76 mi. vs 261 mi, P<0.001), HCM (88 mi. vs 231 mi. P<0.001), CHD (114 mi vs 199 mi, P<0.05). Rates of transplantation were higher for RCM and CHD (P<0.01), whereas post-transplant survival remained unchanged.

Conclusions
The new allocation system has had a positive impact on time to transplantation of patients with RCM, HCM, and CHD without negatively influencing survival.
Loss of childcare and classroom teaching during the Covid-19-related lockdown in spring 2020: A longitudinal study on consequences on leisure behavior and schoolwork at home
Authors: Poulain Tanja , Meigen Christof , Sobek Carolin , Ober Peggy , Igel Ulrike , Körner Antje , Kiess Wieland , Vogel Mandy 
Published: March 2021

Aim
In spring 2020, the first Covid-19-related lockdown included the closing of kindergartens and schools. Home schooling, the lack of social contacts with peers and the care of the children at home posed an enormous challenge for many families.

Methods
The present study investigated the leisure behavior of 285 one- to 10-year-old German children at two time points (t1 and t2) during the Covid-19-related lockdown in spring 2020. In the subsample of primary school children (n = 102), we also explored children’s attitudes towards schoolwork at home. Analyses focused on the change of behavior from t1 to t2, on differences in these changes depending on socio-economic status (SES), and on associations of behavior with SES, the number of children at home, and the frequency of receiving learning materials from school.

Results
While the frequency of playing outside increased significantly from t1 to t2, the frequency of handicrafts, playing board games, indoor sports, and motivation to do schoolwork decreased. The observed changes between t1 and t2 did not differ depending on SES. However, a lower SES was associated with higher media use, less outdoor activity, and (though only marginally significant) a reduced time doing schoolwork and a reduced ability to concentrate on schoolwork at t1. In households with more children, children played outside more often, but were read to less frequently and (though only marginally significant) watched movies and series less frequently. Children receiving learning materials from school on a regular basis spent significantly more time doing schoolwork at home than children receiving materials only irregularly.

Conclusions
A continuing loss of childcare in day-care facilities and schools entails the danger of declining education in the form of (inter)active indoor activities and schoolwork.
Online Dispute Resolution Simulation
Authors: Wang Faye F 
Published: March 2021

Online dispute resolution (ODR) simulation workshops are designed to provide students with a virtual learning environment that empowers our students to gain legal and digital skills for their readiness in future employment. Students are invited to act as complainants, opponents and arbitrators/mediators to resolve a real-life case in a team-based, student-centred and research-informed teaching and learning environment. The ODR simulation workshops have been conducted by the author among both undergraduate and postgraduate law students since 2007 at Brunel University and other places. This ongoing project was initially funded by the Nominet Trust in 2010. Throughout these years, ODR simulation workshops have been well-received by students from different cultures, particularly where English is not their first language. Students were asked to conduct online arbitration or mediation hearings and submit arbitral awards and mediation settlements, as well as delivering technical observation notes and group presentations after the process. This article promotes the use of ODR simulation to effectively enhance students’ learning experience, legal skills (i.e. critical thinking, legal reasoning, problem-solving skills) and digital skills. It puts ODR simulation into the context of the shift in teaching approaches in the digital age and explains how modern legal education can be shaped to prepare for digital lawyering.
Keywords: online dispute resolution; online arbitration; digital literacy; digital empowerment; artificial intelligence; digital lawyering; flexible learning; team-based learning; student-centred learning, research-informed teaching.
The influence of gadolinium on Al–Ti–C master alloy and its refining effect on AZ31 magnesium alloy
Authors: Fan Wenxue , Hao Hai 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Grain refinement has a significant influence on the improvement of mechanical properties of magnesium alloys. In this study, a series of Al–Ti–C-xGd (x = 0, 1, 2, 3) master alloys as grain refiners were prepared by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis. The synthesis mechanism of the Al–Ti–C-xGd master alloy was analyzed. The effects of Al–Ti–C-xGd master alloys on the grain refinement and mechanical properties of AZ31 (Mg-3Al-1Zn-0.4Mn) magnesium alloys were investigated. The results show that the microstructure of the Al–Ti–C-xGd alloy contains α-Al, TiAl3, TiC and the core–shell structure TiAl3/Ti2Al20Gd. The refining effect of the prepared Al–Ti–C–Gd master alloy is obviously better than that of Al–Ti–C master alloy. The grain size of AZ31 magnesium alloy was reduced from 323 μm to 72 μm when adding 1 wt.% Al–Ti–C-2Gd master alloy. In the same condition, the ultimate tensile strength and elongation of as-cast alloy were increased from 130 MPa, 7.9% to 207 MPa, 16.6% respectively.
Rwanda’s Commercialization of Smallholder Agriculture: Implications for Rural Food Production and Household Food Choices
Authors: Weatherspoon Dave D. , Miller Steven R. , Niyitanga Fidele , Weatherspoon Lorraine J. , Oehmke James F. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Rwanda has experienced exceptional economic growth since 2000 despite more than 60% of the predominately-agrarian population living on less than $1.25 a day. Approximately 76% of the country’s working population are engaged in agricultural production, which makes up about one-third of the national economy. Agriculture is also an important source of foreign exchange, making up about 63% of the value of Rwanda’s exports. An important component of household diets – food produced on subsistence agriculture parcels averaging 0.6 ha – faces the challenge by government and private sector development to replace subsistence farming with a value-creating market-oriented food sector. A complex set of relationships across public incentives and programs encourages participation in markets. Designed to promote wealth, the Crop Intensification Program (CIP) has increased access to land, inputs, extension services, markets, supply chains, etc. Wealth and access to land are the dominant predictors of the ability to participate in markets and the extent of participation. For example, smallholders producing a diversity of crops are more likely to sell in markets. Within the confluence of competing policy objectives and market forces, further research is necessary to understand the household-level tradeoffs of both producers and consumers along the food value chain.
Building Public Will for Climate-Smart Agriculture in Uganda: Prescriptions for Industry and Policy
Authors: Raile Eric D. , Young Linda M. , Kirinya Julian , Bonabana-Wabbi Jackline , Raile Amber N. W. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The global policy community has largely converged on climate-smart agriculture as a solution to various problems driven by climate change, but mass adoption of the crucial innovations presents challenges – particularly in the developing world. Widespread, meaningful, and rapid adoption of climate-smart agriculture will require an appropriate enabling environment. This study uses the political will and public will approach to identify the obstacles and opportunities for upscaling of climate-smart agriculture innovations. In 2015 and 2018, two rounds of semi-structured stakeholder and expert interviews conducted by researchers in Uganda identified four relevant obstacle categories: agricultural extension; communication infrastructure; basic and agricultural infrastructure; and other incentives and disincentives. These categories are related to the five definitional components of public will to reveal pathways for enabling social change. Importantly, both infrastructure and appropriate incentives are necessary for diffusion and then continued use of climate-smart agriculture innovations, often in interrelated ways. The study concludes with a detailed discussion of the implications for industry, government, and donors.
Osteopathic model of the development and prevention of occupational musculoskeletal disorders
Authors: Price James William 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Context
The direct and indirect costs of work-related musculoskeletal disorders are significant. Prevention is the most effective way to control these costs. To do that, we must understand how these disorders develop.

Objectives
To use the five models of osteopathic care to illustrate how cellular processes and neural reflexes interact to create work-related musculoskeletal pathology and to provide evidence-informed musculoskeletal injury and disability prevention recommendations.

Methods
A literature review of electronic databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, OVID, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PEDro, and OSTMED.DR) from inception to October 16, 2019 and hand-search of publication references was performed for systematic reviews, cohort studies, case–control studies, and randomized controlled trials. The search terms reflected topics related to occupational injury and injury prevention, and included supplementary laboratory studies and narrative reviews related to the biological aspects of musculoskeletal injury. The eligible studies contained the following criteria: (1) the population of working age; (2) exposures to known risk factors, musculoskeletal disorders, and psychosocial factors; (3) written in English; (4) full text papers published in peer-reviewed journals; and (5) systematic review, cohort study, case–control study, and randomized controlled trial methodology. Studies were excluded if they included outcomes of productivity and costs only or outcomes that were assessed through qualitative methods only.

Results
The literature search resulted in 1,074 citations; 26 clinical studies and 14 systematic reviews were used in this review. A comprehensive workplace musculoskeletal disorder prevention program should match demands to capacity, correct dysfunctional movement patterns, and limit tissue vulnerability (biomechanical–structural model); restore alpha–gamma balance, tonic-phasic synergistic function, and autonomic balance (neurological model); maximize physiologic reserve (metabolic–energy model) component of a prevention program; optimize respiration and circulation (respiratory–circulatory model); and address cognitive distortions (behavioral–biopsychosocial model).

Conclusions
The presented osteopathic model of the development and prevention of work-related musculoskeletal disorders suggests that a combination of preventive interventions will be more effective than any single preventive intervention.
Crystal structure of catena-poly[tetraaqua-(μ2-4,4′-bipyridine-k2
N:N′)-bis(μ2-4′-methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3,5-dicarboxylato-k4
O,O′:O″,O′″)dicadmium(II)] dihydrate, C20H20NO7Cd
Authors: Chen Shi-Jun , Cao Xin , Ma Xin-Dong , Xi Zhong-Chen , Li Shi-Hui 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
C20H20NO7Cd, triclinic,

P

1
‾

$P&#x203e;{1}$

(no. 2), a = 9.9506(8) Å, b = 10.1867(11) Å, c = 11.2774(11) Å, α = 110.528(9)°, β = 93.830(7)°, γ = 107.307(8)°, V = 1003.18(17) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0775, wRref
(F
2) = 0.2051, T = 293(2) K.
The Kiev operation and Tukhachevsky’s two offensives in 1920 as attempts at undertaking strategic and operational initiative during the Polish-Soviet War of 1919-1920
Authors: Kruszyński Bartosz 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The article is an analysis of: 1) the Kiev operation from late April and early May 1920, 2) Tukhachevsky’s first offensive in May 1920, 3) Tukhachevsky’s second offensive launched in July 1920. All the three operations were attempts at undertaking strategic and operational initiative during the Polish-Soviet War of 1919-1920. The first offensive pertained to the Polish army, in the subsequent two cases it was the Soviet Western Front. Tukhachevsky’s second offensive resulted in the battle of the Bug in late July and early August 1920. By discussing each of the operations, the author presents the fighting potential of the armies involved, the tactical and operational goals, the course of the fighting, the turning points, both parties’ planning mistakes and the consequences of the operations.
Editorial: Governing the Poor – Migration and Poverty
Authors: Borrelli Lisa Marie , Bochsler Yann 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In contrast to the nexus between welfare and migration control, the link between migration and poverty (or rather the perception of poverty), has not received the same amount of political interest, but also public and scholarly attention. Yet, there are multiple ways in which migrants are rendered or perceived as poor in receiving states after having migrated. Hence, this special issue addresses the intersection of migration and poverty. The contributions cover various socio-legal, political and discursive aspects of how state institutions and non-state agencies address, and how poor citizens and migrant individuals in the broadest sense deal with, precariousness and discrimination in the states where they have settled or within which they have moved. In public and political discourse, migrant individuals are often portrayed as underserving, needy and dependent on the ‘receiving states’. Yet, what is often overlooked is how this assumed dependency is constructed by policies and laws, encouraged by media practices and everyday street-level implementation, to the degree that it demonises the foreign ‘other’, accused of misusing welfare assistance. At the same time, we find similar framings regarding marginalised citizens, such as welfare recipients, which discloses the moral character of social policies and a hierarchy of deservingness-recognition. Within the special issue, we critically discuss how such representations and policy mechanisms allow for the discriminatory circumscription of rights and services of the ‘poor’ and migrants that are deeply embedded in welfare chauvinist attitudes, causing significant control and surveillance by the state.