bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lack of evidence for infectious SARS-CoV-2 in feces and sewage
Authors: Albert Sandra , Ruíz Alba , Pemán Javier , Salavert Miguel , Domingo-Calap Pilar 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPurposeThe SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is a respiratory virus whose primary route of transmission is airborne. However, it has been shown that the virus can replicate in gastrointestinal cells, can be excreted in feces, and can reach sewage systems. Although viral RNA has been found in patient feces and sewage, little is known about the potential fecal-oral transmission of the coronavirus. Determining the presence of infective viral particles in feces and sewage is necessary to take adequate control measures and to discover new routes of coronavirus transmission.MethodsFeces and urine of COVID-19 patients, and wastewater samples at the time of high prevalence in the region under study (Valencia, Spain), have been analyzed both by molecular methods and cell culture.ResultsPresence of SARS-CoV-2 in feces of COVID-19 patients has been detected, even in patients without gastrointestinal symptoms, suggesting that viral shedding though stool is common. In addition, we have developed a sample concentration methodology that allows us to maintain the infectivity of the viral particles present in the samples. Finally, inoculation of cell cultures with fecal and sewage concentrated samples do not evidence the presence of infective viral particles.ConclusionThere is no evidence of the presence of infectious SARS-CoV-2 in feces and sewage, suggesting that fecal-oral transmission is not a primary route. However, larger-scale efforts are needed to elucidate whether the fecal-oral transmission should be considered, especially with the emergence of new viral variants.
A quantitative home-use framework for assessing fertility and identifying novel hormone trends by recording urine hormones
Authors: Pattnaik Siddharth , Das Dipankar , Venkatesan Varun Akur 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFertility testing using urinary hormones has been used to effectively improve the likelihood of pregnancy. To provide fertility scores, the existing home-use systems measure one or two hormones. However, the hormone profiles vary depending on cycle duration, fertility-related disorders, drugs and other treatments. Here, we introduce Inito, a mobile-phone connected reader that is scalable to multiple hormone tests. In this report, we assess the accuracy of the quantitative home-based fertility monitor, the Inito Fertility Monitor (IFM), and suggest using IFM as a device to monitor and analyse female hormone patterns. There were two aspects of the study: i. evaluation of the efficacy of IFM in quantifying urinary Estrone-3-glucuronide (E3G), pregnanediol glucuronide (PdG) and luteinizing hormone (LH), and ii. A retrospective study of patients’ hormone profiles using IFM. We observed that with all three hormones, IFM had an accurate recovery percentage and had a CV of less than 10 percent. Furthermore, in predicting the concentration of urinary hormones, IFM showed a high correlation with ELISA. Using Inito in clinical trials, we report a novel criterion for earlier confirmation of ovulation compared to existing criteria. We also present a novel hormone pattern consistent across most menstrual cycles included in the study. In conclusion, the Inito Fertility Monitor is an effective tool for calculating the urinary concentrations of E3G, PdG and LH and can also be used to provide accurate fertility scores and confirm ovulation. In addition, the sensitivity of IFM facilitates the monitoring of menstrual cycle-related hormone patterns, therefore also making it a great tool for physicians to track the hormones of their patients.
Post Operative Pain Management (POPM) and Patient Satisfection : A Tertiary Care Hospital Experience
Authors: Ferdoush Jannatul , Chowdhury Rajib Pal , Johora Fatema , Jeenia Fatiha Tasmin , Ata Maliha , Parveen Kohinoor , Towfiq Hossain Sharif Mohammad , Sharmeen Shagorika , Rahman MD Sayedur 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundPain is an inevitable part of the postoperative experience. Current study was designed to assess the pattern of analgesic use, the adequacy of post operative pain control by documenting pain scores, and patient satisfaction by documenting the pain perception score of the postoperative patients 48 hours after surgery.Materials and methodsThis was a formative research and includes a mix of descriptive cross-sectional study carried out in the department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, General surgery, and Orthopedics surgery of Chattagram Maa -O- Shishu Hospital Medical College (CMOSHMC) during the month of January, 2018 to July, 2019.ResultA total of 180 patients undergoing surgery were included in this study. Baseline data were collected both retrospectively and prospectively. Only analgesic used immediately after operation in three departments were Pethidine (100%). Diclofenac sodium suppository were used in appendectomy and cesarean section (50/60, 83%) and (26/60, 43%) respectively. Mostly, Diclofenac Sodium IV (55/60, 91%) was used in lower limb surgery. The maximum pain score were 5.3 (SD=2.3), 5.6 (SD =1.9), and 6.1 (SD =1.3) during coughing in the first 8 hour and minimum pain score 2.4 (SD =1.0), 2.2 (SD = 0.8) and 1.7 (SD=1.3) at rest 48 hours after cesarean section, appendectomy and lower limb surgery respectively. But pain score eventually increased during coughing 48 hours after surgery. After 48 hours of surgery maximum pain perception score 3.9 (SD = 0.9) in lower limb surgery and minimum perception score were 3.5 (SD =1.8) in cesarean section. Majority of the appendectomy patient (76%) satisfied with pain management where as only 43% satisfied in case of cesarean section.ConclusionThis study enabled the researchers to get a precise picture of the current state of POPM in different hospitals, as well as identify particular needs for improving such practices in health care facilities and implementing an educational intervention in order to improve the post operative pain management.
Simultaneous Morphology, Motility and Fragmentation Analysis of Live Individual Sperm Cells for Male Fertility Evaluation
Authors: Ben-Yehuda Keren , Mirsky Simcha K. , Levi Mattan , Barnea Itay , Meshulach Inbal , Kontente Sapir , Benvaish Daniel , Cur-Cycowicz Rachel , Nygate Yoav N. , Shaked Natan T. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe present a new technique for sperm analysis on individual unstained live cells, measuring DNA fragmentation, morphology with virtual staining, and motility. The method relies on quantitative stain-free interferometric imaging and deep-learning frameworks, and is utilized for male fertility evaluation. In the common clinical practice, only motility evaluation is carried out on live human cells, while full morphological evaluation and DNA fragmentation assays require different staining protocols, and therefore cannot be performed on the same cell, resulting in inconsistencies in fertility evaluation. We use a clinic-ready interferometric module to acquire dynamic sperm cells without chemical staining, and deep learning to evaluate all three scores per cell. We show that the number of cells that pass each criterion separately does not accurately predict how many would pass all criteria. This stain-free evaluation method is expected to decrease uncertainty in infertility diagnosis, increasing treatment success rates.
Microbiome dysbiosis regulates the level of energy production under anaerobic condition
Authors: Rahman M. Shaminur , Hoque M. Nazmul , Puspo Joynob Akter , Islam M. Rafiul , Das Niloy , Siddique M. Anwar , Hossain M. Anwar , Sultana Munawar 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe microbiome of the anaerobic digester (AD) regulates the level of energy production. To assess the microbiome dysbiosis in different stages of anaerobic digestion, we analyzed 16 samples dividing into four groups (Group-I = 2; Group-II = 5; Group-III = 5 and Group-IV = 4) through whole metagenome sequencing (WMS). The physicochemical analysis revealed that highest CH4 production (74.1%, on Day 35 of digestion) was associated with decreased amount of non-metal (phosphorus and sulfur) and heavy metals (chromium, lead and nickel). The WMS generated 380.04 million reads mapped to ~ 2800 distinct bacterial, archaeal and viral genomes through PathoScope (PS) and MG-RAST (MR) analyses. The PS analysis detected 768, 1421, 1819 and 1774 bacterial strains in Group-I, Group-II, Group-III and Group-IV, respectively which were represented by Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Spirochaetes and Fibrobacteres (> 93.0% of the total abundances). The archaeal fraction of the AD microbiomes was represented by 343 strains, of which 95.90% strains shared across these metagenomes. The indicator species analysis showed that Methanosarcina vacuolate, Dehalococcoides mccartyi, Methanosarcina sp. Kolksee and Methanosarcina barkeri were the highly specific for energy production in Group-III and Group-IV. However, most of the indicator phylotypes displayed reduced abundance in the initial stage of biogas production (Group-I and Group-II) compared to their increased relative abundances in Group-IV (Day 35). The correlation network analysis showed that different strains of Euryarcheota and Firmicutes phyla were associated with highest level (74.1%) of energy production (Group-IV). In addition to taxonomic dysbiosis, top CH4 producing microbiomes showed increased genomic functional activities related to one carbon and biotin metabolism, oxidative stress, proteolytic pathways, MT1-MMP pericellular network, acetyl-CoA production, motility and chemotaxis. This study reveals distinct changes in composition and diversity of the AD microbiomes including different indicator species, and their genomic features that are highly specific for energy production.
Retron Editing for Precise Genome Editing without Exogenous Donor DNA in Human Cells
Authors: Kong Xiangfeng , Wang Zikang , Zhou Yingsi , Wang Xing , Shi Linyu , Yang Hui 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCRISPR-Cas9 mediated seamless genome editing can be achieved by incorporating donor DNA into the CRISPR-Cas9 target loci via homology-directed repair (HDR), albeit with relative low efficiency due to the inefficient delivery of exogenous DNA. Retrons are bacterial genetic element composed of a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) and reverse transcriptase (RT). Retrons coupled with CRISPR-Cas9 have been shown to enhance precise genome editing via HDR in yeast through fusing guide RNA (gRNA) to the 3’ end of retron ncRNA, producing multicopy single-stranded DNA (msDNA) covalently tethered to gRNA. Here, we further engineered retrons by fusing Cas9 with E.coli RT from different clades and joining gRNA at the 5’ end of retron ncRNA, and found that retron editing can achieve precise genome editing efficiently in human cells. By co-expression of Cas9-RT fusions and retron-ncRNA gRNA (rgRNA) in HEK293T cells, we demonstrated the rates of retron editing at endogenous genomic loci was up to 10 %. We expect our retron editing system could aid in advancing the ex vivo and in vivo therapeutic applications of retron.
A Non-redundant Role for T cell-derived IL-22 in Antibacterial Defense of Colonic Crypts
Authors: Zindl Carlene L. , Witte Steven J. , Laufer Vincent A. , Gao Min , Yue Zongliang , Silberger Daniel J. , Harbour Stacey N. , Singer Jeffrey R. , Pham Duy , Moseley Carson E. , Cai Baiyi , Turner Henrietta , Lund Fran E. , Vallance Bruce A. , Rosenberg Alexander F. , Chen Jake Y. , Hatton Robin T. , Weaver Casey T. 
Published: May 2021

SummaryIL-22 is a key cytokine in immune defense against pathogens at barrier sites. In response to enteric attaching and effacing bacteria, IL-22 produced by type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) is thought to be important early for induction of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) that protect intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) in advance of T cell-derived IL-22 that arises later. Yet, the basis for a requirement for both innate and adaptive IL-22–producing immune cells in protecting the intestinal mucosa is unknown. Here, using novel mice that both report IL-22 expression and can be targeted for its lineage-specific deletion, we show that mice with deficiency of IL-22 targeted to innate immune cells, including ILC3s, have impaired STAT3 activation of surface colonic IECs colonized by bacteria early in infection. In contrast, mice with IL-22 deficiency limited to T cells have complete loss of STAT3 activation in IECs lining colonic crypts and fail to protect the crypts from bacterial invasion late despite ongoing production of IL-22 from ILC3s. T cell-derived IL-22 is required for upregulation of many host-protective genes by crypt IECs, including those encoding AMPs, neutrophil-recruiting chemokines, and mucins and mucin-related molecules, while also restricting pro-inflammatory genes downstream of IFNγ and TNF signals. Thus, T cell-derived IL-22 is indispensable for antibacterial defense and damage control of intestinal crypts.
Modification of D-W model for corrosion rate of shale gas pipeline under the synergistic corrosion of SRB and CO2
Authors: Peng Xingyu , Liu Xinyue 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to develop an equation for the synergistic corrosion of SRB and CO2 based on the D-W model.

Design/methodology/approach
The bacterial types in the a and ß pipelines were studied by the most probable number method, and the corrosion morphology of L360 in pipeline water samples was studied by surface analysis. The corrosion rate of L360 was studied using the weight loss method. The gray correlation method was used to calculate the degree of correlation between the influencing factors of corrosion under the synergistic effect of CO2 and SRB. The curve obtained from PIPESIM software and experiments data was then fitted using multiple non-linear regression method by MATLAB software.

Findings
The equation was used to predict the corrosion of the ß pipeline for verification, and it was found that seven out of ten excavation sites were within a 20% error range.

Originality/value
Using the gray correlation method, an equation that considers synergistic corrosion of SRB and CO2 has been developed based on the D-W model. The equation could be used to predict the corrosion rate of shale gas gathering pipelines through SRB and CO2 synergistic corrosion.
City or beach hotel? Location as a determinant of customer satisfaction and room rate
Authors: Alvarez Leon Ivan , Cavallin Anais , Louzao Nuria 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
This research aims to reveal that accessibility of hotels to major points of attraction in the urban–territorial continuum of Catalonia, with its urban and coastal landscapes, has a direct impact on the dependent variables of customer satisfaction and average room rate.

Design/methodology/approach
The study collected data from 84 of 4-star hotel establishments, divided into urban and coastal hotels. Both coastal and urban hotels were differentiated depending on their distance to, the beach and the urban city center, respectively. Customer satisfaction and average room rate data were retrieved from online review platforms.

Findings
The study proves that hotels located in the urban–territorial continuum of Catalonia have different behaviors in terms of customer satisfaction and hotel pricing according to the variables of distance and landscape. The study shows that room rate and customer satisfaction are both higher in urban landscapes than in coastal landscapes. Urban hotels present significant differences in their levels of customer satisfaction and room rates depending on their location in the city of Barcelona. However, coastal hotels do not represent significant differences in room rates depending on their location, although they do represent significant differences in terms of customer satisfaction.

Originality/value
The originality of this study is based on how a dynamic urban–territorial model consisting of Barcelona and the Maresme coast, the hotel location and distances to main interest points impact in the variables of customer satisfaction and average room rate.
Prioritizing facilities linked to corporate strategic objectives using a fuzzy model
Authors: DePalmer Devin , Schuldt Steven , Delorit Justin 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
Limited facilities operating and modernization budgets require organizations to carefully identify, prioritize and authorize projects to ensure allocated resources align with strategic objectives. Traditional facility prioritization methods using risk matrices can be improved to increase granularity in categorization and avoid mathematical error or human cognitive biases. These limitations restrict the utility of prioritizations and if erroneously used to select projects for funding, they can lead to wasted resources. This paper aims to propose a novel facility prioritization methodology that corrects these assessment design and implementation issues.

Design/methodology/approach
A Mamdani fuzzy logic inference system is coupled with a traditional, categorical risk assessment framework to understand a facilities’ consequence of failure and its effect on an organization’s strategic objectives. Model performance is evaluated using the US Air Force’s facility portfolio, which has been previously assessed, treating facility replicability and interruptability as minimization objectives. The fuzzy logic inference system is built to account for these objectives, but as proof of ease-of-adaptation, facility dependency is added as an additional risk assessment criterion.

Findings
Results of the fuzzy logic-based approach show a high degree of consistency with the traditional approach, though the value of the information provided by the framework developed here is considerably higher, as it creates a continuous set of facility prioritizations that are unbiased. The fuzzy logic framework is likely suitable for implementation by diverse, spatially distributed organizations in which decision-makers seek to balance risk assessment complexity with an output value.

Originality/value
This paper fills the identified need for portfolio management strategies that focus on prioritizing projects by risk to organizational operations or objectives.
Implicit racism, colour blindness, and narrow definitions of discrimination: Why some White people prefer ‘All Lives Matter’ to ‘Black Lives Matter’
Authors: West Keon , Greenland Katy , van Laar Colette 
Published: May 2021

The Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement has been called the ‘civil rights issue of our time’ (Holt & Sweitzer, 2020, Self and Identity, 19(, p. 16) but the All Lives Matter (ALM) movement swiftly emerged as an oppositional response to BLM. Prior research has investigated some predictors of support for ALM over BLM, but these predictors have thus far not included levels of racial bias or potentially relevant constructions of racism. This pre‐registered, cross‐sectional study (N = 287) tested the degree to which White participants’ support for ALM could be predicted using measures of racism (implicit and explicit) and ideological stances around the construction of ‘racism’ (that discourage the recognition of contemporary inequalities and discrimination). Using multiple regression analyses, we found that implicit racism, colour‐blind ideology, and narrow definitional boundaries of discrimination positively predicted support for ALM over BLM. Explicit racism, collective narcissism, and right‐wing political orientation did not predict ALM support, nor did any (2‐way) interaction of these predictors. Implications for our understanding of the All Lives Matter movement are discussed.
Spitz nevus with a novel TFG‐NTRK2 fusion: The first case report of NTRK2‐rearranged Spitz/Reed nevus
Authors: Goto Keisuke , Pissaloux Daniel , Tirode Franck , de la Fouchardière Arnaud 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFusions of ALK, ROS1, NTRK1, NTRK3, RET, MET, MERTK, FGFR1, ERBB4, LCK, BRAF, MAP3K8, MAP3K3, and PRKDC and mutation of HRAS have so far been discovered as the genetic alterations associated with the pathogenesis of Spitz neoplasms. This report presents the first case of NTRK2‐rearranged Spitz/Reed nevus. The patient was a 39‐year‐old male with a pigmented macule rapidly growing on his shoulder. Histopathologically, the lesion was a junctional melanocytic nevus composed of large nests of spindled melanocytes with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm associated with a hyperplastic epidermis. These findings fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of a pigmented spindle cell nevus of Reed (variant of Spitz nevus). Immunohistochemistry for pan‐Trk revealed diffuse cytoplasmic positivity in the tumor cells, but immunoexpression of ALK, ROS1, and BRAF V600E was not seen. A novel, in‐frame, TFG‐NTRK2 fusion was identified by RNA sequencing. This case report expands the list of genetic alterations in Spitz neoplasms and the spectrum of NTRK2‐rearranged tumors.
Schnittrandkontrolle von Basalzellkarzinomen mittels ex‐vivo konfokaler Laserscanmikroskopie mit digitaler Farbbearbeitung – Anwendung in der Routinediagnostik
Authors: Grupp Margarethe , Illes Monica , Mentzel Julia , Simon Jan C. , Paasch Uwe , Grunewald Sonja 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungHintergrund und ZieleDie ex‐vivo konfokale Laserscanmikroskopie (CLSM) erlaubt die feingewebliche Untersuchung von Nativpräparaten innerhalb von Minuten basierend auf Gewebereflexion und fluoreszenzbasierter Kernfärbung. Die neu eingeführte digitale Farbbearbeitung der Bilder imitiert die konventionelle Hämatoxylin‐Eosin (HE)‐Färbung nahezu perfekt. Ziel war eine Evaluation der neuen Methode im Zeitdruck des klinischen Alltags bei der Schnittrandkontrolle von Basalzellkarzinomen hinsichtlich Befundqualität und Zeitbedarf.Patienten und MethodikEs wurden 101 Basalzellkarzinome von 79 Patienten mikrografisch kontrolliert (n = 60) beziehungsweise als Spindel (n = 41) exzidiert. Die frisch exzidierten Präparate wurden mittels CLSM untersucht und im Anschluss konventionell histopathologisch aufgearbeitet. Die Befundung erfolgte verblindet durch einen erfahrenen Dermatohistopathologen.ErgebnisseBasalzellkarzinome waren im CLSM direkt nach der Exzision hervorragend erkennbar. Aufgrund der digitalen HE‐Färbung ist für den Befunder keine Umstellung der Sehgewohnheiten notwendig. Im Vergleich zur konventionellen histopathologischen Untersuchung lag die Sensitivität bei 73,6 % und die Spezifität bei 96,5 %. Fehlerhafte Befunde waren häufig einer eingeschränkten Beurteilbarkeit bei nicht vollständig dargestellter Epidermis geschuldet.SchlussfolgerungenDie CLSM mit digitaler HE‐Färbung ist auch unter Routinebedingungen sehr gut geeignet, Basalzellkarzinome und deren Schnittränder zu diagnostizieren und stellt damit eine gewebesparende Alternative zum Kryostat‐Schnellschnitt dar. Es ist zu erwarten, dass Weiterentwicklungen wie etwa Objektträger mit Magnetfixierungen zur Optimierung des Anpressdruckes die Befundgenauigkeit weiter verbessern werden.