bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reimagining Islamic Ethics in Contemporary International Relations
Authors: Abdullah Ahmad Badri 
Published: July 2021

The deplorable plight of Rohingya Muslim boat refugees who have been refused entry by their neighboring Muslim countries was a disheartening episode for the ummah. The subsequent involvement of the Turkish government in dispatching ships of the Turkish Armed Forces to rescue the refugees has reopened the discourse on the necessity for a confederation of Muslim nation-states acting in concert within the global context as an operative framework of Islamic ethics in international relations. The episode invites Muslims to rethink the role of their own religious tradition in providing relevant ethical guidelines for international affairs that simultaneously address the reality of the modern nation-state.
Peace in the Islamic Tradition: One Vision, Multiple Pathways
Authors: Kamali Mohammad Hashim 
Published: July 2021

This article begins by looking at peace as a theological principle, before proceeding to explore peace from various other angles, such as peace through inclusivity, peace through non-violence, peace through equity and fair treatment of others. There is also an elaborate articulation of methods for the peaceful resolution of conflicts, including counselling (nasihah), conciliation (sulh), arbitration (tahkim), forgiveness (‘afwa), and truce (alhudnah). After reviewing these, the discussion then presents a selection of Islamic legal maxims (qawa’id kulliyyah fiqhiyyah) that accentuate the primacy of peace in Islam. Legal maxims are concise epithetic declarations of principles that accentuate the higher goals and purposes of Islam. We conclude with a set of actionable recommendations.
The Structural Development of Istisna Sukuk from a Shari'ah Perspective
Authors: Sa'ad Auwal Adam , Mohd. Napiah Mohammad Deen , Ibrahim Uzaimah 
Published: July 2021

Istisna sukuk structures have been widely accepted for manufacturing and construction financing purposes. This paper looks at the structural development of Istisna sukuk and evaluates both its basic and combination structures. Concerning the former, the paper argues that when Istisna is used for asset purchasing exercises, it should strictly comply with the general Shariah rules regarding Istisna contracts. Prices must therefore be stipulated at the beginning, as must quality and expected delivery times. The paper then highlights some conflicting features arising from the combination of Istisna and Ijarah transactions. These raise Shariah issues when the issuer seeks to lease an asset to the end user at maturity, even though the asset has been transferred to that end user by way of the Istisna contract. It is therefore recommended that the market innovates in order to develop additional structures free from this type of impediment. The study proposes a ‘multiple contract’ structure be used whenever Istisna sukuk is issued in combination with other debt and equity instruments. This will help overcome Shariah issues related to secondary markets in Istisna sukuk issuances.
Indigenous Islamic Modernity: A Necessary Basis for Renewal and Reform
Authors: Wain Alexander 
Published: July 2021

The Orient is not an inert fact of nature. It is not merely there, just as the Occident itself is not just there either…[rather] men make their own history, that what they can know is what they have made. [Edward Said][I aim] to wage an emancipatory cultural and intellectual struggle to save human freedom from the barren wastelands of capitalism and class exploitation, equality and justice from the violent and pharaonic dictatorship of Marxism, and God from the ghastly and gloomy graveyard of clericalism. [Ali Shariati]
The Role of Shariah Law in Islamic Financial Contracts in the UK and the US: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Abdullah Apnizan , Ismail Shahrul Mizan , Zainal Abidin Halila Faiza 
Published: July 2021

The adoption of the doctrine of secularism in the United States of America (USA) and the United Kingdom (UK) is clear. Secularism separates human activities in the public sphere from religion. In Western countries, the development of Islamic finance, which stands on the principles of Shariah, could be impeded due to this doctrine. This is because, in Islam, religion is part and parcel of human life. Unlike the US, the UK has made certain efforts to accommodate Islamic finance needs by amending its regulatory structure. Adequate regulatory set ups for Islamic finance in both countries are very crucial, particularly in the UK, since its government aims to promote London as the hub for Islamic finance in Europe. Therefore, in view of the importance of these two giant financial jurisdictions, this study aims to provide a comparative legal analysis of the position of Shariah in Islamic financial contracts in the UK and the US. In particular, this study highlights the legal and judicial treatments made by the courts in both countries pertaining to the subject matter. This study concludes by highlighting the present position of the subject matter.
Halal Europe: a Premium Halal-Tayyib Brand?
Authors: Tieman Marco 
Published: July 2021

Europe is a leading exporter of food products, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals to Muslim countries in Asia and the Middle East. Unlike Australia, New Zealand, Singapore and Thailand, the halal standards in European countries do not organise their safety standards. While Muslim countries are introducing new halal standards and strengthening their certification requirements, exporters in European countries are increasingly facing difficulties in complying with the new halal regulations. European governments have regarded these new regulations as barriers to their trade with Muslim countries. Does this reflect their lack of understanding of halal, or do they have a valid argument?
Islamic Investment in Singapore
Authors: Hassan Haron Masagoes 
Published: July 2021

The financial market continues to give both positive and negative outlooks for 2017. The equity market in major developed regions is at an all-time high, with US stock leading the way. Nevertheless, and as is commonly known, financial institutions have cautioned investors with reports of market volatility, uncertainty and deteriorating corporate earnings.
But while the equity market seems to be experiencing a downturn, there is a positive outlook in Islamic finance. As reported by Standard & Poor (S&P) Islamic Finance Outlook 2017, Shariah compliant financial assets for this year are steadily growing to $3 trillion from $2.1 trillion at the end of 2016 as products expand in the Middle East, Southeast Asia, Africa and even America. Indeed, Islamic finance has expanded to many Western jurisdictions. In 2014 the United Kingdom (UK), for instance, became the first Muslim minority country to show interest in becoming a major player in Sukuk (Islamic bonds), a decision followed by Luxembourg, South Africa, Hong Kong and most recently Japan.
Custody and Religion of Minors in Malaysia
Authors: Mohamed Adil Mohamed Azam 
Published: July 2021

Child custody refers to the upbringing of a child, including the parental responsibility to provide protection, love, care, education, shelter and management. Generally, in determining who will be the legal custodian of a child, a court will first and foremost ensure that the child’s welfare is well-protected.
In Malaysia, child custody is governed by two separate laws, one for non- Muslims and one for Muslims. For non-Muslims, the Law Reform (Marriage and Divorce) Act of 1976 (Act 164) holds sway, while for Muslims it is either the Islamic Family Law Enactments of the respective states or the Islamic Family Law Act of the Federal Territories that are relevant. While the Malaysian civil court operates over the non-Muslim laws, the Syariah court operates over the Muslim ones.
The Contribution of Early Muslim Scholars to Semiotics: Selected Highlights and Implications
Authors: Berisha Elma 
Published: July 2021

In a previous article I have argued that the contribution of early Muslim scholars to Semiotics needs to be unearthed and highlighted. Semiotics is broadly defined as the study of signs or sign-use behaviour leading to communication and understanding between humans in society. Semiotics emerged in the early twentieth century as distinct from mainstream philosophy or philosophy of language. As an institutionalised academic discipline, semiotics has acknowledged the implicit contributions of earlier scholars from antiquity, the middle ages and early modernity. However, to date the contribution of Muslim scholars is conspicuously absent. Hence, in this article I intend to recapitulate perspectives from selected Muslim scholars in order to obtain a more balanced notion of sign-function and its potential implications. This is where the unique contributions of al-Ghazali (1058-1111) and Ibn Barrajan (n.d.-1141) come in, whose perspectives are reflected in key modern approaches to sign models and their interpretational tendencies. The article suggests that there is a need to explore the legacy of Muslim scholars in the field of semiotics in a much more systematic and comprehensive way, given that sign-based thinking (or the ayah doctrine) is a major theme in the Quran.
The Yemeni Quamire: A Humanitarian Tragedy of Dire Proportions
Authors: Mohiuddin Asif 
Published: July 2021

The war in Yemen, which escalated in March 2015, is making a dire humanitarian situation worse, with insurgent groups expanding and no end in sight to an intractable ideological conflict between warring political factions who appear further entrenched in their enmity than ever before, despite UN efforts to push Yemeni leaders towards new negotiations. The conflict has turned the country into a humanitarian catastrophe; fighting on the ground and air strikes have killed 10,000 people and displaced more than three million. According to the UN Office for the Co-ordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), nearly 19 million people, almost 70 percent of the population, are in need of humanitarian aid.
Religion and State Are Twin Brothers: Classical Muslim Political Theory
Authors: Masud Muhammad Khalid 
Published: July 2021

The current reluctance for democratic transition in Muslim societies is mostly attributed to Islamic political theories that do not allow a separation between religion and politics. Extremist views often reject democracy because it is perceived to be anti-religion. This paper examines the thread of classical Islamic political theory that considers religion and state to be inseparable twin brothers. Exploring the origins of this thread in Sassanid and tenth century Islamic thought, analysis of the doctrine reveals that Muslim political thought more generally has traditionally been more pragmatic on political issues (siyasah), with Muslim jurists continuously marking boundaries between religion and culture in their fatawa, particularly concerning bid’ah (innovation) and tashabbuh bi’l kuffar (imitation of the infidels). Indeed, all definitions of religion that make it inseparable from the state are seen to be a modern phenomenon, in which religion is defined in terms of the ideology of political power, with secularism perceived as its rival. Analysing diverse interpretations of the doctrine from the Abbasid period to the twenty-first century, the paper finds that, like twin brothers, religion and politics are separate in Islam albeit united in their origin. This perspective becomes more meaningful in modern times if we recognise the role of social consensus (ijma’), besides the political and the religious spheres.
Islamic Finance and the Issue of Unauthorised Agency
Authors: Ali Mohammad Mahbubi , Kamaruzaman Hamzah 
Published: July 2021

The notion of tasarruf fudhuli (disposition of unauthorised agency, hereafter referred to as unauthorised agency) in Islamic financial institutions (IFIs) has invoked an ongoing debate among Shariah scholars and Muslim economists alike. Some perceive its application in IFIs as a violation of the general axiom of wealth protection that prohibits the encroachment of another’s property as an important aspect of the protection of lawfully-owned property. On the other hand, many assert that the ratification feature under the concept attracts product innovation and offers flexibility to IFIs to rectify transactions involving the issue of unauthorised agent.
Zoopoetics
Authors: Moe Aaron 
Published: July 2021

The premise of zoopoetics is that nonhuman animals possess agency as they dwell imaginatively, rhetorically, and culturally on the earth. These claims are contentious, and therefore they are defined and defended through drawing on the work of rhetoricians, ethologists, poets, and theorists. Though zoopoetics could illuminate the work of many poets, the essay focuses on the works of E. E. Cummings and W. S. Merwin, for they both have written numerous poems that not only explore the agency of nonhuman animals, but also create interspecies borderlands where the animal engages the human just as much as the human engages the animal.
Kinship of Different Kinds
Authors: Nash Catherine 
Published: July 2021

This paper brings together an attentiveness to genealogical imaginaries of human and animal lineage and pedigree as modes of figuring connection and difference and recent approaches to interspecies kinship to explore the kinships of horses and people in Iceland. They include the entanglements of human genealogies, family histories, and horse ancestries; the practice of kinship through horses; and human-horse relationships that are shaped by human understandings of kinship among horses. It explores the possibility of recognising the subtle spatialities of kinship between horses and people and the agency of horses in these proximate and partial connections.
A Question of Sex
Authors: Vaught Jeannette 
Published: July 2021

Quarter Horses are considered one of the earliest and most enduringly popular breeds of horse that is “native” to the United States.
The American Quarter Horse Association formed as a breed registry in 1940, and set clear rules for what horses could be called Quarter Horses in its stud book. In 1940, no reliable methods of human-assisted equine reproduction existed, so the stud book rules governing acceptable horse congress were designed to regulate physical sexual encounters between horses in order to prevent genetic fraud. However, in a more recent age of DNA identification and the proliferation of reproductive technologies, the AQHA studbook’s rules for equine mating have come under pressure.
In fact, after several years of legal back-and-forth on whether to allow cloned horses to be eligible for AQHA registration, the AQHA denied that clones could be Quarter Horses, and rewrote its studbook parentage requirements to explicitly state that a registered horse must have two parents — one male, one female. Echoing the rhetoric of contemporary anti-gay marriage legislation such as the 1998 Defense of Marriage Act, the AQHA objected to the inherent queerness of cloning, and retreated to conservative ideas of an offspring’s legitimacy. This essay traces the contentious debate about the place of cloning in a breed-defining studbook -- one that is historically invested in American cultural traditions tied to conservative definitions of family and kin (whether human or animal) that support heteronormative sex. The example of Quarter Horse cloning situates this technology as a key marker of the biological Anthropocene, and illuminates cultural ideas that have shaped what it means to breed and to be a breed. Cloning cracks open the foundations — genetic and cultural — that have supported the ties between “America” and “America’s Horse,” and offers a broader examination of its redemptive potential in light of its challenge to conservative definitions of a life form’s legitimacy based on its parentage.
Revising Posthumanist Aesthetics in the Ethical Treatment of Nonhuman Animals
Authors: Sherbert Michael G. 
Published: July 2021

Even with the increasing awareness of the importance of nonhuman animal life there remains an entrenched multitude of humanistic biases that hinder the development of the ways we see and treat nonhuman animals. This article examines Cary Wolfe’s posthumanist approach, which seeks to bring about a more inclusive nonhuman animal ethics by de-privileging the human species, and in doing so, identifies an impeding factor for the practical application of his proposal. Wolfe’s proposal for engaging a de-hierarchized sensorium requires the supplementation of a more relentless interrogation of human sight, specifically, the interrogation of the biases that come with human sight. In other words, this article identifies a humanist bias unaccounted for by Wolfe, the preference for the aesthetically pleasing, which impedes the possibility of realizing a more inclusive ethical framework towards nonhuman animals. The human aesthetic preference for beautiful, entertaining, and powerful animals does violence to animal species lacking these characteristics by excluding them from public purview, and in turn, from the support required to keep many of these species from extinction. In addition, a preliminary prescription is offered which argues for the paradoxical use of the humanist aesthetic bias against ourselves for ourselves, so as to open up humanity’s purview in hopes of a more inclusive ethics to come. In subjecting ourselves to such a manipulative attack we engage in a Derridean autoimmune process which opens humanity up to the nonhuman other by employing a posthumanist conception of care.
مقروئية الصحافة الإلكترونية في المجتمعات العربية
Authors: أحمد إسماعيل د.عفاف عبد الله 
Published: July 2021

لقد شهد الإعلام العربي على مستوى تكنولوجيّا الإعلام والاتصال تحولات كثيرة خلال العقدين الماضيين، ومن أبرز ملامحها ظهور شبكة الانترنت كوسيلة اتصال تفاعلية أتاحت الفرصة أمام الأفراد والجماعات والمؤسسات للوصول إلى المعلومات وبحجم هائل وبسرعة فائقة، وإرسالها ونشرها على نطاق واسع لم يسبق له مثيل في التاريخ. ونظراً للفرص الكبيرة المتنوعة والمتعددة الأبعاد التي أتاحتها شبكة الإنترنت للاتصال، أضحت استخداماتها المختلفة، ومنها على الخصوص الإعلامية، مما أدى إلى إفراز أنماط إعلامية جديدة، وأبرزها ما يسمى بالصحافة الإلكترونية، ومن القضايا المهمة المرتبطة بها المقروئية لذلك نجد العديد من الدراسات الإعلامية التي تناولت مقروئية الصحافة.
تهدف الدراسة بشكل رئيس إلى التعرّف على مقروئية الصحافة الإلكترونية بالمجتمعات العربية وينبثق من الهدف الرئيسي مجموعة من الأهداف الفرعية تنتمي هذه الدراسة إلى الدراسات الوصفيّة حيث يرتبط مفهوم البحث الوصفيّ بدراسة واقع الأحداث والظواهر والمواقف والآراء وتحليلها، وتفسيرها بغرض الوصول إلى استنتاجات مفيدة، إما لتصحيح هذا الواقع، أو تحديثه، أو استكماله، أو تطويره، وتمثّل هذه الاستنتاجات فهماً للحاضر، يستهدف توجيه المستقبل. وفي هذا الإطار استخدمت الباحثة منهج المسح وكان مجتمع الدراسة الدول العربية، والعينة جمهور من بعض الدول العربية. وتوصلت الدراسة أن 87.6% من أفراد العينة يقراءون الصحف الإلكترونية بأشكالها المختلفة 81.5% المواقع الإخبارية ،70.1% المجلات الإلكترونية 51.7% والمنتديات بنسبة 61.4% والمدونات 58.7%، وأوضح 49.1% من أفراد العينة أنهم يفضلون الصحف الإلكترونية لأنها توفر وسائل التفاعل مع الموضوعات ولجمال الأسلوب المستخدم في الكتابة، وبينت الدراسة أن أكثر الموضوعات التي يفضلها قراء الصحافة الإلكترونية الموضوعات الاجتماعية وظهر ذلك بنسبة 62.3%، وأكد أفراد العينة أن أكثر العوامل التي أثرت سلباً في مقروئية الصحافة الإلكترونية تمثلت في تداخل الكتابة بنسبة 53.5%، أما 51.7% يرون السبب ضعف اللغة.
التأثير الاجتماعي على مستخدمي تطبيق "TikTok" من الشباب السعودي
Authors: Mohammad Ali Althagafi Dr. Ibrahim 
Published: July 2021

هدفت الدراسة إلى التعرف على التأثير الاجتماعي لمستخدمي تطبيق "TikTok" من الشباب السعودي وأسباب إدمانه ومخاطره وأثره، وعلاقة ذلك برأس المال الاجتماعي بأنواعه المختلفة (العابر، التواصلي، الترابطي)، بالإضافة إلى التعرف على المتغيرات الوسيطة في تحقيق رأس المال الاجتماعي. واعتمدت الدراسة على نظرية رأس المال الاجتماعي “Social Capital Theory” في تقديم تفسير الدور الذي يؤديه تطبيق "TikTok" في تعزيز العلاقات والثقة والتعاون بين الشباب السعودي، ولذلك استخدمت الدراسة أسلوب منهج مسح الجمهور من خلال استمارة الاستقصاء، وقد بلغت عينة الدراسة (345) مفردة من الشباب السعودي، وخرجت الدراسة بعدد من النتائج المهمة منها:

يستخدم الشباب السعودي تطبيق "TikTok" بمستوى متوسط، مع وجود فروق في كثافة الاستخدام تبعاً للنوع، وذلك بالزيادة لدى الإناث.
نسبة كبيرة من الشباب السعودي تستخدم أسماء مستعارة، وصوراً تعبيرية أكثر من استخدامهم صورهم الشخصية في الملف التعريفي للحساب على تطبيق "TikTok".
يعد رأس المال الاجتماعي التواصلي والعابر للشباب السعودي على تطبيق "TikTok" متوسطاً مع تفوق رأس المال الاجتماعي العابر؛ ما يعني أن الشباب يوظفون التطبيق بدرجة أعلى في التواصل مع الأشخاص الغرباء أو المختلفين عنهم.
لم يستخدم الشباب السعودي تطبيق "TikTok" كثيراً في التواصل مع الأقارب والزملاء، والأشخاص الذين يرتبطون بهم بروابط وثيقة.
وجود علاقة ارتباطية طردية قوية بين إدمان الشباب السعودي لتطبيق "TikTok" ومعدلات تحقيق رأس المال الاجتماعي (العلاقة العابرة – العلاقة التواصلية- العلاقة الترابطية).
The Electronic Press Dealt with The Issue of Poverty in Sudan
Authors: Hamza Mohammed Saleh Dr.Naheed 
Published: July 2021

The increase in poverty rates from ancient times to the present day is considered one of the most complex, measured and read issues. Poverty directly affects the individual and society in all economic, psychological, educational, health, cultural and political aspects as well, and it is one of the main reasons for the eruption of major political revolutions in Sudan and other regions. All this made the Sudanese electronic press deal with the issue of poverty extensively, as it is an extremely complex social phenomenon that exhausts nations and peoples.
This study dealt with how the Sudanese electronic press deals with the issue of poverty and its contributions to address this phenomenon that affects all aspects of human life, through two main chapters: Chapter One: Electronic Journalism and the Issue of Poverty and Social Change. This chapter discusses writing and editing poverty issues in electronic journalism. As well as the electronic press explanations of the causes of poverty in Sudan.
The second chapter deals with fieldwork, methodological aspects and content analysis. Where an applied study was presented on the Sudanese newspaper Akhbar Al-Youm website, then the conclusion comes with the results and recommendations that concluded on the importance of making media and technical efforts in the Sudanese electronic press, and working on highlighting the press material that deals with poverty issues, in addition to the need to adopt programs that help in addressing these issues.
Persepsi Hukum Adat Larvul Ngabal Pada Masyarakat Kei Perantauan Di Kota Jayapura Provinsi Papua
Authors: Yusuf Muhamad , Nofrita Dewi , Mafiroh Nanik Nikmal , Garamatan Afan 
Published: July 2021

This study aims to find out about the understanding of the overseas Kei people in the city of Jayapura about the customary law of Larvul Ngabal and the impact of the values ​​of the customary law of Larvul Ngabal which are starting to disappear on the overseas Kei people in the city of Jayapura. Using qualitative methods with a social phenomenology paradigm. Research results: The phenomenon that occurs in the overseas Kei community in Jayapura city has experienced a degradation of its original culture, namely the Kei culture, where many of the Kei young generation, especially those who grew up in Jayapura City and who are mixed Kei people (one of their parents is not Kei), cannot speak Kei, this results in an inability to master the customary law of Larvul Ngabal, as well as the younger generation who can speak the Kei area (Veveu Evav) unable to master the contents of the law. On the other hand, there is a strengthening of religious elements so that it erodes the existence of Larvul Ngabal customary law which without realizing that this customary law can unite various religions in the Kei community. The fundamental conflict is only related to the sanctions imposed by customary law which are still very burdensome for the Kei people, there is also an opinion that if the Kei culture is carried out in overseas areas, the use of caste in custom must be reopened.