bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Helicobacter pylori infection and eradication outcomes among Vietnamese patients in the same households: Findings from a non-randomized study
Authors: Dao Long Van , Dao Hang Viet , Nguyen Hao Thi , Vu Vung Thi , Tran Anh Thi Ngoc , Dat Vu Quoc , Hoang Long Bao , Nguyen Hong Thi Van , Nguyen Thang Duy 
Published: November 2021

Objective
Familial transmission can possibly influence the infection and treatment of Helicobacter pylori. This study aimed to describe the prevalence of H. pylori infection and outcomes of eradication treatment among Vietnamese patients who live in the same households.

Methods
We conducted a prospective cohort study of Vietnamese household members with upper gastrointestinal complaints. Participants received esophagogastroduodenoscopy and H. pylori testing. The H. pylori-positive patients were treated and asked to return for follow-up within 4 months. To explore factors associated with H. pylori infection at baseline, we performed multilevel logistic regression to account for the clustering effect of living in the same households. To explore factors associated with eradication failure, we used Poisson regression with robust variance estimation to estimate the risk ratio.

Results
The prevalence of H. pylori infection was 83.5% and highest among children <12 years old (92.2%) in 1,272 patients from 482 households. There were variations in H. pylori infection across households (intraclass correlation = 0.14, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.05, 0.33). Children aged <12 years had higher odds of H. pylori infection (odds ratio = 3.41, 95%CI 2.11, 5.50). At follow-up, H. pylori was eradicated in 264 of 341 patients (77.4%). The risk of eradication failure was lower for the sequential regimen with tetracycline.

Conclusion
H. pylori infection was common among people living in the same households. Eradication success for H. pylori was higher for the tetracycline sequential regimen. More research should be focused on how family factors influence H. pylori infection and on eradication treatment.
Ten genes are considered as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of dermatomyositis
Authors: Xiao Lu , Xiao Wei , Lin Shudian 
Published: November 2021

Objective
This study aimed to identify the biomarkers and mechanisms for dermatomyositis (DM) progression at the transcriptome level through a combination of microarray and bioinformatic analyses.

Method
Microarray datasets for skeletal muscle of DM and healthy control (HC) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by using GEO2R. Enrichment analyses were performed to understand the functions and enriched pathways of DEGs. A protein–protein interaction network was constructed to identify hub genes. The top 10 hub genes were validated by other GEO datasets. The diagnostic accuracy of the top 10 hub genes for DM was evaluated using the area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic curve.

Result
A total of 63 DEGs were identified between 10 DM samples and 9 HC samples. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis indicated that DEGs are mostly enriched in response to virus, defense response to virus, and type I interferon signaling pathway. 10 hub genes and 3 gene cluster modules were identified by Cytoscape. The identified hub genes were verified by GSE1551 and GSE11971 datasets and proven to be potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of DM.

Conclusion
Our work identified 10 valuable genes as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of DM and explored the potential underlying molecular mechanism of the disease.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Cold Snare Polypectomy Technique: Technique Matters More Than Snare Wire Diameter
Authors: Sidhu Mayenaaz , Forbes Nauzer , Tate David J. , Desomer Lobke , Lee Eric Y.T. , Burgess Nicholas , van Hattem Arnout , Mcleod Duncan , Cheng Edwin , Cartwright Shane , Schell Andrew , Hilsden Robert J. , Heitman Steven J. , Bourke Michael J. 
Published: November 2021

INTRODUCTION:
Cold snare polypectomy (CSP) is safe and effective for the removal of small adenomas (≤10 mm); however, reported incomplete resection rates (IRRs) vary. The optimal CSP technique, where a wide margin of normal tissue is resected around the target lesion, and snare design have both been hypothesized to reduce the IRR after CSP. We sought to investigate the efficacy of a thin-wire versus thick-wire diameter snare on IRR, using the standardized CSP technique.

METHODS:
This was an international multicenter parallel design randomized trial with 17 endoscopists of varying experience (NCT02581254). Patients were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to the use of a thin-wire (0.30 mm) or thick-wire (0.47 mm) snare for CSP of small (≤10 mm) colorectal polyps. The primary end point was the IRR as determined by the histologic assessment of the defect margin after polypectomy.

RESULTS:
Over 52 months to January 2020, 1,393 patients were eligible. A total of 660 patients with polyps (57.4% male) were randomized to a thin-wire (n = 339) or thick-wire (n = 321) snare. The overall IRR of the cohort was 1.5%. There was no significant difference in the IRR between the thin- and thick-wire arms; relative risk—0.41, 95% CI (0.11–1.56), P = 0.21. No significant differences were observed in the rate of adverse events.

DISCUSSION:
In this multicenter randomized trial, CSP is safe and effective with very low rates of incomplete resection independent of the diameter of the snare wire used. This suggests that the optimal operator technique is more important than the snare design alone in minimizing residual adenoma after CSP.
Treatment of Crohn's Disease and Concomitant Alopecia Areata With Tofacitinib
Authors: Akiyama Shintaro , Lin Austin , Traboulsi Cindy , Rubin David T. 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
Alopecia areata (AA) is a type of immune-mediated hair loss and is reported in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. This suggests that there might be a shared molecular pathway in the pathogenesis of AA and inflammatory bowel disease. In addition, tumor necrosis factor-alpha antagonists are also rarely associated with new-onset AA. We present a patient with Crohn's disease treated with adalimumab who developed AA that rapidly progressed to alopecia totalis and universalis. We describe the use of tofacitinib, a Janus kinase 1/3 inhibitor, to not only successfully treat the AA but also maintain her Crohn's disease.
Antibacterial Effect and Potency of Jamaican Cherry Leaves (Muntingia calabura L.) as Feed Additive for Antibiotic Growth Promoter Alternative in Animals
Authors: Widyanjaya Anak Agung Gede Fandhiananta , Jayawardhita Anak Agung Gede 
Published: November 2021

<p>Antimicrobial resistance is one of the greatest health challenges in the world. The unwise use of Antibiotic Growth Promoter (AGP) in livestock is one of the factors that triggers the increase in the incidence of antimicrobial resistance. In an effort to anticipate the negative impact of using antibiotics, alternative materials are needed to replace AGP. From those various problems, this paper aims to provide information on the use of phytogenic feed additives as natural antibacterials that have the potency as an alternative AGP. Based on the results of various studies, Jamaican cherry leaf extract has the ability to inhibit the growth of various bacterial species <em>in vitro</em>. Various phytochemical test results showed that Jamaican cherry leaves contain several types of phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins that have antibacterial effect. The addition of Jamaican cherry leaves to feed was able to increase the value of digestibility, carcass weight, egg production, and protein content of meat. Therefore, Jamaican cherry leaf (<em>Muntingia carabula</em> L.) has the potency to be used as feed additive to replace AGP.</p>
Utilization of Tithonia diversifolia as Ruminant Feed
Authors: Sirait Juniar , Simanihuruk Kiston 
Published: November 2021

<p>Forage is an important component in raising ruminants. Limited land specifically for forage cultivation is a big challenge in providing forage. <em>Tithonia diversifolia</em> is a promising species used as feed for ruminants because it is easy to grow in various places without being cultivated, such as on roadsides or as fences. This paper aims to give information about <em>Tithonia diversifolia</em> and its cultivation, production, nutritional value and its utilization as forage for ruminant. This plant can be propagated vegetatively and generatively. The spread of seeds can be carried by vectors such as humans, livestock, water currents and wind. <em>T. diversifolia</em> plants have several advantages: fast growing, high production, high crude protein content, resistance to high cutting frequencies and tolerance to acidic soils. Apart from these advantages, this plant also has some weaknesses because it contains several secondary compounds which may affect rumen fermentation. This weakness can be overcome by addition of feed aditive, charcoal or by processing it into silage. <em>T. diversifolia</em> has been used as feed for small and large ruminants either as single or mixed feed with concentrates and other forages with relatively high digestibility. The dry matter consumption of <em>T. diversifolia</em> reaches nearly 600 g/h/d when given as single feed to goats. However, recommended feeding level is 30% of total ration. </p>
Potassium mobilization and plant growth promotion by soil bacteria isolated from different agroclimatic zones of Odisha, India
Authors: PANDA Aiswarya , DASH Ankita , MISHRA Bibhuti Bhusan 
Published: November 2021

Potassium is essential for plant metabolism; improves immunity to stress and increase crop productivity. Soil contains insoluble form of potassium, which is unavailable for plant absorption. Potash mobilizing bacteria (KMB) solubilise complex potassium and make it available to plant. KMB with plant growth promoting (PGP) traits could enhance growth and crop productivity. Here we attempt to screen KMBs with PGP traits from different agroclimatic zones of Odisha and study dynamics of potassium in soil. Isolation of KMB and determination of PGP traits was performed with standard protocols. Pot culture experiment was aimed to study their effect on sunflower crop. Available soil potassium was quantified using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Thirty KMBs were isolated from different agro-climatic zones of Odisha, out of which 6 isolates exhibited maximum PGP traits. Moreover, after adding inoculums the available soil potassium decreased over 0 to 30 days as compared to control, with increase in shoot length. T7 (consortium) reported maximum (144 %) increase in shoot length. Available soil potassium content decreased with increase in time. A maximum decrease was reported in T7 (26.31 %), suggesting potassium accumulation by plant.
A sociosemiotic interpretation of cultural heritage in UNESCO legal instruments: a corpus-based study
Authors: Bouvier Gwen , Wu Zhonghua 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The past few decades have seen a plethora of interest in heritage studies in international law, as the legitimization of cultural heritage is a significant aspect of protecting the legacy of humanity’s collective memory, which is fully reflected in a series of international instruments on culture. This paper examines the meaning-making process of UNESCO legal documents on cultural heritage from a sociosemiotic perspective. The data for the corpus-based study were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively by applying the securitization theory to heritage studies. Research findings reveal three significant shifts in cultural heritage, i.e., from property to heritage, from tangible to intangible, and from material-centered to human-centered, which embodies the harmonious coexistence of humanity and nature, a philosophical idea embedded in traditional Chinese culture. As noted, terms targeting cultural heritage in UNESCO international instruments are the sign vehicle, generally mediated and shaped by social values, cultural beliefs, and conventional wisdom, etc. as a part of the interpretant, making different categories of heritage meaningful and interpretable. Characterized by temporality and spatiality, cultural heritage is subject to multiple interpretations. The meaning-making of international instruments for consideration is a sociosemiotic operation that can be construed through contextual factors and a process of social negotiation. This paper argues that a sociosemiotic approach to heritage studies is conducive to explicating the construction and deconstruction of heritage as discursive practices while offering some implications for future research.
Anterior–Posterior Hippocampal Dynamics Support Working Memory Processing
Authors: Li Jin , Cao Dan , Dimakopoulos Vasileios , Shi Weiyang , Yu Shan , Fan Lingzhong , Stieglitz Lennart , Imbach Lukas , Sarnthein Johannes , Jiang Tianzi 
Published: November 2021

The hippocampus is a locus of working memory (WM) with anterior and posterior subregions that differ in their transcriptional and external connectivity patterns. However, the involvement and functional connections between these subregions in WM processing are poorly understood. To address these issues, we recorded intracranial EEG from the anterior and the posterior hippocampi in humans (seven females and seven males) who maintained a set of letters in their WM. We found that WM maintenance was accompanied by elevated low-frequency activity in both the anterior and posterior hippocampus and by increased theta/alpha band (3–12 Hz) phase synchronization between anterior and posterior subregions. Cross-frequency and Granger prediction analyses consistently showed that the correct WM trials were associated with theta/alpha band-coordinated unidirectional influence from the posterior to the anterior hippocampus. In contrast, WM errors were associated with bidirectional interactions between the anterior and posterior hippocampus. These findings imply that theta/alpha band synchrony within the hippocampus may support successful WM via a posterior to anterior influence. A combination of intracranial recording and a fine-grained atlas may be of value in understanding the neural mechanisms of WM processing.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWorking memory (WM) is crucial to everyday functioning. The hippocampus has been proposed to be a subcortical node involved in WM processes. Previous studies have suggested that the anterior and posterior hippocampi differ in their external connectivity patterns and gene expression. However, it remains unknown whether and how human hippocampal subregions are recruited and coordinated during WM tasks. Here, by recording intracranial electroencephalography simultaneously from both hippocampal subregions, we found enhanced power in both areas and increased phase synchronization between them. Furthermore, correct WM trials were associated with a unidirectional influence from the posterior to the anterior hippocampus, whereas error trials were correlated with bidirectional interactions. These findings indicate a long-axis specialization in the human hippocampus during WM processing.
Alfabetización en salud en el sistema sanitario: objetivos y posibles actuaciones
Authors: Navarro Mª Dolores 
Published: November 2021

El nivel de alfabetización en salud de los pacientes se ha convertido en un tema clave para los profesionales y las organizaciones sanitarias, ya que les permite valorar las habilidades y competencias de los pacientes al utilizar la información sobre su propia enfermedad y sobre cómo pueden actuar en su abordaje y manejo. Numerosos estudios han mostrado cómo las personas que presentan un bajo nivel de alfabetización sanitaria pueden tener dificultades para entender las indicaciones de los profesionales sanitarios y presentan un peor estado de salud y calidad de vida.
Se ha de preparar a los propios profesionales en estos aspectos de alfabetización en salud que les permita mejorar sus habilidades comunicativas y empáticas a la hora de comunicarse con pacientes y familiares. Los profesionales sanitarios han de ser conscientes de que su manera de comunicar y de dirigirse a los pacientes influirá en cómo éstos pueden responder ante su situación, en cuanto a su autocuidado y abordaje de la enfermedad o respecto al seguimiento de las recomendaciones o cumplimiento terapéutico. De la misma forma, es necesario un enfoque estratégico de la propia institución. Así pues, la dirección del centro sanitario debe contemplar también la incorporación del paciente en la toma de decisiones.
La alfabetización en salud de los pacientes, por lo tanto, mejorará mucho más si este abordaje se realiza de una manera integral, teniendo en cuenta a los pacientes y familiares, pero también considerando las habilidades comunicativas de los profesionales y las directrices de la organización. Además, para que las intervenciones en la mejora del nivel de alfabetización sanitaria de la población sean efectivas, las administraciones, los sistemas sanitarios en su globalidad, han de incorporar entre sus directrices, elementos que favorezcan la implementación de dichas acciones.
β-Sitosterol Compound from Dichloromethane Extracts of Kalanchoe tomentosa (Crassulacea) Leaves and Inhibition of α-amilase Activity
Authors: Aisyah Lilis Siti , Yun Yenny Febriani , Puspita Firidia , Ilfani Adelia 
Published: November 2021

Kalanchoe tomentosa is one of the plants of the Crassulaceae tribe that can lower blood sugar and contains compounds of terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, fatty acids, steroids, and triterpenoids. This study aims to isolate and identify chemical compounds from dichloromethane extract of Kalanchoe tomentosa leaves, as well as to test the inhibitory activity of the α-amylase enzyme. Extraction was carried out by maceration using dichloromethane as a solvent, then dichloromethane extract was purified using column chromatography, the pure isolate was obtained in the form of white powder, and an inhibition test was carried out against the α-amylase enzyme. The thin layer chromatography data of pure isolates compared to pure β-sitosterol are similar. Based on the research data, it can be concluded that the chemical structure of the pure isolate is β-sitosterol, the methylene chloride extract of K. tomentosa leaves has an inhibitory activity against the α-amylase enzyme with an inhibition value of 65%. This value is greater than the positive control of acarbose which only has 37% inhibition and β-sitosterol compound by 6.7%. This value is smaller when compared to the control of acarbose at the same concentration which obtained 5% inhibition.
Gestational Age and Neonatal Electrocardiograms
Authors: Hartmann Joachim , Pærregaard Maria Munk , Norsk Jakob , Pietersen Adrian , Iversen Kasper Karmark , Bundgaard Henning , Christensen Alex Hørby 
Published: November 2021

OBJECTIVES
Interpretation of the neonatal electrocardiogram (ECG) is challenging due to the profound changes of the cardiovascular system in this period. We aimed to investigate the impact of gestational age (GA) on the neonatal ECG and create GA-specific reference values.

METHODS
The Copenhagen Baby Heart Study is a prospective general population study that offered cardiac evaluation of neonates. ECGs and echocardiograms were obtained and systematically analyzed. GA, weight, height, and other baseline variables were registered.

RESULTS
We included 16 462 neonates (52% boys) with normal echocardiograms. The median postnatal age was 11 days (range 0 to 30), and the median GA was 281 days (range 238 to 301). Analyzing the ECG parameters as a function of GA, we found an effect of GA on almost all investigated ECG parameters. The largest percentual effect of GA was on heart rate (HR; 147 vs 139 beats per minute), the QRS axis (103° vs 116°), and maximum R-wave amplitude in V1 (R-V1; 0.97 vs 1.19 mV) for GA ≤35 vs ≥42 weeks, respectively. Boys had longer PR and QRS intervals and a more right-shifted QRS axis within multiple GA intervals (all P &lt; .01). The effect of GA generally persisted after multifactorial adjustment.

CONCLUSIONS
GA was associated with significant differences in multiple neonatal ECG parameters. The association generally persisted after multifactorial adjustment, indicating a direct effect of GA on the developing neonatal cardiac conduction system. For HR, the QRS axis, and R-V1, the use of GA-specific reference values may optimize clinical handling of neonates.
Antibiotic Use in Term and Near-Term Newborns
Authors: Mundal Håkon Stangeland , Rønnestad Arild , Klingenberg Claus , Stensvold Hans Jørgen , Størdal Ketil 
Published: November 2021

OBJECTIVESWe aimed to study whether national and local antibiotic stewardship projects have reduced the antibiotic use in newborns and to monitor potential changes in adverse outcomes.METHODSIn a nationwide, population-based study from Norway, we included all hospital live births from 34 weeks' gestation (n = 282 046) during 2015 to 2019. The primary outcome was the proportion of newborns treated with antibiotics from 0 to 28 days after birth. The secondary outcomes were the overall duration of antibiotic treatment and by categories: culture-positive sepsis, clinical sepsis, and no sepsis.RESULTSA total of 7365 (2.6%) newborns received intravenous antibiotics during the period, with a reduction from 3.1% in 2015 to 2.2% in 2019 (30% decrease; P &lt; .001). Hospitals with antibiotic stewardship projects experienced the largest reduction (48% vs 23%; P &lt; .001). We found a small decrease in the median duration of antibiotic treatment in newborns without sepsis from 2.93 to 2.66 days (P = .011), and geographical variation was reduced during the study period. The overall number of days with antibiotic treatments was reduced by 37% from 2015 to 2019 (119.1 of 1000 vs 75.6 of 1000; P &lt; .001). Sepsis was confirmed by blood culture in 206 newborns (incidence rate: 0.73 cases per 1000 live births). We found no increase in sepsis with treatment onset &gt;72 hours of life, and sepsis-attributable deaths remained at a low level.CONCLUSIONSDuring the study period, a substantial decrease in the proportion of newborns treated with antibiotics was observed together with a decline in treatment duration for newborns without culture-positive sepsis.
Transitions in Budapest’s Agglomeration 1990–2005
Authors: Адриенн Чизмади , Габор Чанади 
Published: November 2021

Since the collapse of socialism in Hungary in 1989, political and economic factors increased residential mobility between Budapest and its agglomeration area. Social disparities have become more pronounced not only among the settlements of the agglomeration, but also within them. This paper identifies the different status-dependent paths within the general process of suburbanization using official statistical data, survey and interview analysis. The empirical research was made in 1992 and was repeated in 2002.
We argue that higher status groups used the new opportunities to strengthen their status by choosing to move while the poor were forced to move to less advantageous sectors of the agglomeration. These phenomena are the consequences partly of spontaneous factors and partly of state and local government policies. The effects of market forces can be taken as spontaneous factors and they increased western type suburbanization. Several measures taken by states and local governments increased the impact of these factors, helping higher-status groups to move to favorable areas within and around the cities. The same urban and housing policy measures increased the risk of concentrating poverty in certain areas of cities and they resulted in the not-well-known outmigration of lower-status groups. These groups had to move out of the city because it became too expensive for them to live there. Poverty meant that they were unable to find places in high or middle-status suburban areas around the cities and they had to move to more distant, poorer areas of the country.