bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of Queensland's Tackling Alcohol‐Fuelled Violence Policy on nightlife and business trade
Authors: Ferris Jason , PuljeviĆ Cheneal , Taylor Nicholas , de Andrade Dominique , Carah Nicholas , Coomber Kerri , Mayshak Richelle , Grant Kristy , Miller Peter G. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionKey elements of the Queensland Government's Tackling Alcohol Fuelled Violence (TAFV) policy included the introduction of mandatory identification (ID) scanners and reduced trading hours for licensed venues located within Safe Night Precincts (SNP). These measures raised concerns among licensed venue owners and other key stakeholders regarding the potential negative impact of the policy on business trade and nightlife. Using multiple data sources, this paper examines the impact of the TAFV policy on nightlife and trade in three Queensland SNPs: Fortitude Valley, Surfers Paradise and Cairns.MethodsData from ID scanners (2017–2019), foot traffic counters (2017–2019) and counts of liquor licences issued (2015–2019) were used to measure the policy's impact on the number of patrons and licensed venues within SNPs. Joinpoint regression and auto‐regressive integrated moving average models were developed to examine changes in these measures over time.ResultsNo significant changes were observed in the number of ID scans over time, although Surfers Paradise showed a 0.13% reduction during high alcohol hours. Foot traffic counts from Fortitude Valley showed no significant impact of the policy on the number of patrons in the area during high‐alcohol hours. The number of commercial hotel licenses increased in all three regions, and commercial other‐bar licenses increased in all regions except Surfers Paradise SNP where numbers remained stable.Discussion and ConclusionsPatterns in trading and the number of patrons within SNPs were mostly stable or increasing following the implementation of the TAFV policy beyond normal fluctuations.
The impact of the Queensland Government's Tackling Alcohol‐Fuelled Violence Policy on live music performances in Fortitude Valley, Brisbane, Australia
Authors: Puljević Cheneal , Carah Nicholas , Miller Peter G. , Wood Barbara , MacFarlane Callum , Kilpatrick Emily , Goold Lachlan , Regan Scott , Ferris Jason 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe Queensland Government's Tackling Alcohol‐Fuelled Violence (TAFV) Policy was met with concern from live music venue owners who feared decreased patronage and associated revenue. This study investigates the impact of the TAFV Policy on live music venues and performances in Fortitude Valley, an inner‐city suburb of Brisbane, Australia recognised as a hub of live music performances.MethodsData relating to live music venues and performances in Fortitude Valley for the 2000–2018 financial years were obtained from the Australasian Performing Right Association (APRA AMCOS), who maintains an online data portal allowing artists to enter performance details to collect royalty payments. These data were supplemented with six precinct mapping audits of live music venues operating in the Fortitude Valley Safe Night Precinct between July 2016 and September 2019.ResultsAPRA AMCOS data show increases in the number of reported live music performances and venues in Fortitude Valley between 2000 and 2019. Precinct mapping audits show minimal changes in the operation of live music venues in Fortitude Valley between 2016 and 2019.Discussion and ConclusionsAs the first study to independently document the impact of licenced venue trading hour changes on live music, this study shows the number of live performances reported to APRA AMCOS and original live music venues trading in the Fortitude Valley Safe Night Precinct were unchanged by the introduction of the TAFV. The study highlights the value of using performance returns and venue audits to track live music in a contested policy space.
Echocardiography protocol for early detection of cardiac dysfunction in childhood cancer survivors in the multicenter DCCSS LATER 2 CARD study: Design, feasibility, and reproducibility
Authors: Merkx Remy , Leerink Jan M. , Feijen Elisabeth (Lieke) A.M. , Kremer Leontien C.M. , de Baat Esmée C. , Bellersen Louise , van Dalen Elvira C. , van Dulmen‐den Broeder Eline , van der Heiden‐van der Loo Margriet , van den Heuvel‐Eibrink Marry M. , Korte Chris L. de , Loonen Jacqueline , Louwerens Marloes , Maas Angela H.E.M. , Pinto Yigal M. , Ronckers Cécile M. , Teske Arco J. , Tissing Wim J.E. , de Vries Andrica C.H. , Mavinkurve‐Groothuis Annelies M.C. , van der Pal Helena J.H. , Weijers Gert , Kok Wouter E.M. , Kapusta Livia ,   The Dutch LATER Study Group
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundCardiotoxicity is a well‐known side effect after anthracyclines and chest radiotherapy in childhood cancer survivors (CCS). The DCCSS LATER 2 CARD (cardiology) study includes evaluation of echocardiographic measurements for early identification of CCS at highest risk of developing heart failure. This paper describes the design, feasibility, and reproducibility of the echocardiography protocol.MethodsEchocardiograms from CCS and sibling controls were prospectively obtained at the participating centers and centrally analyzed. We describe the image acquisition, measurement protocol, and software‐specific considerations for myocardial strain analyses. We report the feasibility of the primary outcomes of systolic and diastolic function, as well as reproducibility analyses in 30 subjects.ResultsWe obtained 1,679 echocardiograms. Biplane ejection fraction (LVEF) measurement was feasible in 91% and 96% of CCS and siblings, respectively, global longitudinal strain (GLS) in 80% and 91%, global circumferential strain (GCS) in 86% and 89%, and ≥2 diastolic function parameters in 99% and 100%, right ventricle free wall strain (RVFWS) in 57% and 65%, and left atrial reservoir strain (LASr) in 72% and 79%. Intra‐class correlation coefficients for inter‐observer variability were 0.85 for LVEF, 0.76 for GLS, 0.70 for GCS, 0.89 for RVFWS and 0.89 for LASr. Intra‐class correlation coefficients for intra‐observer variability were 0.87 for LVEF, 0.82 for GLS, 0.82 for GCS, 0.85 for RVFWS and 0.79 for LASr.ConclusionThe DCCSS LATER 2 CARD study includes a protocolized echocardiogram, with feasible and reproducible primary outcome measurements. This ensures high‐quality outcome data for prevalence estimates and for reliable comparison of cardiac function parameters.
Single‐photon emission computed tomography of the pelvis and lumbar spine contributes to the diagnosis of injury in two horses
Authors: Harding P. G. , Tually P. , Cullimore A. M. , Peremans K. 
Published: May 2021

SummaryLameness originating from injury to the pelvis and lumbar spine remains a diagnostic challenge for equine veterinarians. Nuclear scintigraphy is frequently used to aid in the localisation of injuries to this region; however, the lack of image contrast due to anatomical superimposition in the pelvis and lumbar spine complicates image interpretation. To the authors’ knowledge, the use of single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) has not been previously reported in the horse. This article describes the clinical use of SPECT in the horse to aid the diagnosis of injury to the region of the sacroiliac joint and lumbar vertebrae which was not identified on planar imaging.
Clinical significance of pathologic abnormalities in biopsy samples from the appendiceal orifice
Authors: Castrodad‐Rodríguez Carlos A. , Choudhuri Jui , El‐Jabbour Tony , Cheng Jerome , Westerhoff Maria , Panarelli Nicole C. 
Published: May 2021

AimsAppendiceal orifice mucosa often appears inflamed endoscopically, even when other colonic segments appear normal. Histological findings in biopsy samples taken from endoscopically abnormal mucosa may simulate a variety of inflammatory colitides. We performed this study to evaluate the clinical implications of inflammatory changes isolated to the appendiceal orifice.Methods and resultsIn this double cohort study, biopsy samples from 26 histologically abnormal appendiceal orifices were reviewed. Twenty‐five control cases were culled from endoscopically normal (n = 11) and abnormal (n = 14) appendiceal orifices that were histologically normal. Histological findings were correlated with presentation, medication history, findings at other colonic sites and clinical outcomes. Study cases displayed active inflammation (n = 12), chronic active inflammation (n = 13) or features simulating collagenous colitis (n = 1). Eighteen patients had biopsies taken from other colonic sites; these revealed benign polyps (n = 10) or displayed active (n = 4) or chronic active (n = 4) inflammation. All patients with findings isolated to the appendiceal orifice were asymptomatic at most recent clinical follow‐up. Four of eight (50%) of the patients with inflammation in other biopsy samples were ultimately diagnosed with ulcerative colitis, in keeping with the well‐established role of the appendix as a ‘skip lesion’ in that disorder. Control patients presented for screening colonoscopy (n = 19), iron deficiency anaemia (n = 3) or change in bowel habits (n = 3) and none reported gastrointestinal symptoms upon follow‐up, regardless of the endoscopic appearance of the appendiceal orifice.ConclusionIsolated inflammation of the appendiceal orifice mucosa should not be regarded as a feature of evolving inflammatory bowel disease or other types of chronic colitis.
Discrepancy between clinical and pathological T stages in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma: Analysis of the Hospital‐Based Cancer Registry data in Japan
Authors: Shiga Masanobu , Nagumo Yoshiyuki , Chihara Ichiro , Nitta Satoshi , Kojo Kosuke , Kimura Tomokazu , Kandori Shuya , Kojima Takahiro , Okuyama Ayako , Higashi Takahiro , Nishiyama Hiroyuki 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveTo examine the discrepancy between clinical and pathological T stages in patients with urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract treated with radical surgery, and to compare them with the corresponding discrepancy in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder.MethodsWe used the Hospital‐Based Cancer Registry data in Japan to extract urothelial carcinoma of the bladder cases (n = 3747) and urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract cases (n = 6831), including urothelial carcinoma of the renal pelvis (n = 3295) and urothelial carcinoma of the ureter (n = 3536) with cT1‐4N0M0 diagnosed in 2012–2015, histologically confirmed, and treated with radical surgery without chemotherapy or radiotherapy. We compared the T‐stage discrepancy among different tumor locations.ResultsThe proportions of overall T‐stage discrepancy in the urothelial carcinoma of the renal pelvis (40.8%) and urothelial carcinoma of the ureter (42.9%) groups tended to be higher compared with that in the urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (38.8%) group. The upstaging rate from clinical non‐muscle‐invasive cancer (≤cT1) to pathological muscle‐invasive cancer (≥pT2) was significantly higher in the urothelial carcinoma of the renal pelvis and urothelial carcinoma of the ureter groups compared with the urothelial carcinoma of the bladder group (P = 0.002, P < 0.0001, respectively). Upstaging from clinical organ‐confined disease (≤cT2) to pathological non‐organ‐confined disease (≥pT3) was significantly more frequent in the urothelial carcinoma of the renal pelvis (27.8%, P < 0.0001) and urothelial carcinoma of the ureter (22.3%, P < 0.0001) groups compared with the urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (17.8%) group.ConclusionDiscrepancy in T staging is significantly higher in patients with urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract compared with those with urothelial carcinoma of the bladder, especially in those with organ‐confined disease. As T‐stage discrepancy might lead to missed opportunities to carry out perioperative treatment, more accurate diagnostic techniques are required to identify the appropriate urothelial carcinoma candidates for preoperative treatment.
On hub location problems in geographically flexible networks
Authors: Blanco Víctor , Puerto Justo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we propose an extension of the uncapacitated hub location problem where the potential positions of the hubs are not fixed in advance. Instead, they are allowed to belong to a region around an initial discrete set of nodes. We give a general framework in which the collection, transportation, and distribution costs are based on norm‐based distances and the hub‐activation setup costs depend not only on the location of the hub that are opened but also on the size of the region where they are placed. Two alternative mathematical programming formulations are proposed. The first one is a compact formulation while the second one involves a family of constraints of exponential size that we separate efficiently giving rise to a branch‐and‐cut algorithm. The results of an extensive computational experience are reported showing the advantages of each of the approaches.
Unveiling the dynamics of social credit determinants using fuzzy cognitive mapping and system dynamics
Authors: Pereira Leandro F. , Correia Ricardo J. C. , Ferreira Fernando A. F. , Falcão Pedro F. , Costa Renato L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFighting poverty and social inequality are baseline principles of social credit. This type of microcredit has thus increasingly attracted academics and practitioners’ attention, particularly after Muhammad Yunus was awarded the 2006 Nobel Peace Prize. Researchers acknowledge that social credit is extremely important and that it should be taken seriously. However, studies examining the dynamics of its determinants are still extremely rare. This gap needs to be filled because the objectives of social credit are quite different from those of other types of credit, going beyond profit and embracing social concerns. Adopting a constructivist, process‐oriented stance that combined fuzzy cognitive mapping and the system dynamics (SD) approach, the present research sought to develop and analyze a cognitive structure that elucidates the dynamics of social credit determinants over time. Face‐to‐face group work sessions were held with a panel of professional credit analysts, and the results reveal that the combined use of fuzzy cognitive mapping and SD provides a clearer understanding of the dynamics of these determinants over time. The advantages, limitations, and implications of the proposed methodology are discussed.
Transcriptome and DNA methylation analysis reveals molecular mechanisms underlying intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma progression
Authors: Peng Yuming , Meng Guohao , Sheng Xinyi , Gao Hongqiang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is an aggressive malignancy with increasing incidence. It has been suggested that DNA methylation drives cancer development. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying iCCA progression and the roles of DNA methylation still remain elusive. In this study, weighted correlation networks were constructed to identify gene modules and hub genes associated with the tumour stage. We identified 12 gene modules, two of which were significantly positively or negatively related to the tumour stage， respectively. Key hub genes SLC2A1, CDH3 and EFHD2 showed increased expression across the tumour stage and were correlated with poor survival, whereas decrease of FAM171A1, ONECUT1 and PHYHIPL was correlated with better survival. Pathway analysis revealed hedgehog pathway was activated in CDH3 up‐regulated tumours, and chromosome separation was elevated in tumours expressing high EFHD2. JAK‐STAT pathway was overrepresented in ONECUT1 down‐regulated tumours, whereas Rho GTPases‐formins signalling was activated in PHYHIPL down‐regulated tumours. Finally, significant negative associations between expression of EFHD2, PHYHIPL and promoter DNA methylation were detected, and alterations of DNA methylation were correlated with tumour survival. In summary, we identified key genes and pathways that may participate in progression of iCCA and proposed putative roles of DNA methylation in iCCA.
Partially open grain and phase boundaries as fluid pathways in metamorphic and magmatic rocks
Authors: Wirth Richard , Kruhl Jörn H. , Morales Luiz F. G. , Schreiber Anja 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTransmission electron microscopy and 3D focused ion beam/scanning electron microscope nanotomography are applied to grain and phase boundaries between quartz, plagioclase, K‐feldspar, clinopyroxene, amphibole, and calcite. The samples come from metamorphic, plutonic and volcanic rocks, and hydrothermal quartz, and experienced cooling and decompression after highly variable P–T peak conditions. Most of the boundaries are partially open in the range of up to several hundred nanometres and partly to totally filled with secondary minerals, such as actinolite, biotite, chlorite, sheet silicates, and quartz, as well as with amorphous matter. Cracking and opening of boundaries are suggested to be related to anisotropic thermoelastic response of crystals to cooling. It starts below the brittle–ductile transition of the involved minerals. The partially open grain and phase boundaries, together with dissolution‐generated cavities, can form porosity of more than 2 vol.% and permeability under conditions of at least lowermost greenschist facies. Such networks of partially open or partially refilled boundaries potentially affect properties of crystalline rocks and processes in the upper crust, such as metasomatism, weathering, migration of radionuclides through bedrock of geological repositories of nuclear waste, and deformation in nature and in experiment.
Learning from deregulation: The asymmetric impact of lockdown and reopening on risky behavior during COVID‐19
Authors: Glaeser Edward L. , Jin Ginger Z. , Leyden Benjamin T. , Luca Michael 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDuring the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, states issued and then rescinded stay‐at‐home orders that restricted mobility. We develop a model of learning by deregulation, which predicts that lifting stay‐at‐home orders can signal that going out has become safer. Using restaurant activity data, we find that the implementation of stay‐at‐home orders initially had a limited impact, but that activity rose quickly after states' reopenings. The results suggest that consumers inferred from reopening that it was safer to eat out. The rational, but mistaken inference that occurs in our model may explain why a sharp rise of COVID‐19 cases followed reopening in some states.
Sugar reduction in products targeted at children: Why are we not there yet?
Authors: Velázquez Ana Laura , Vidal Leticia , Varela Paula , Ares Gastón 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSugar intake among children has raised concern worldwide as it exceeds nutritional recommendations. Sugar contributes to the daily energy intake, without providing additional nutritional value and is associated with several negative health outcomes. Sugars added to foods during industrial processing have been identified as the main source of sugar in children's diets. The present work critically discusses the role of the food industry in contributing to children's excessive sugar intake worldwide, and the strategies that have been encouraged or implemented to reduce the sugar content in products targeted at children. The risk of the current sugar reduction practices in products targeted at children is discussed based on recent scientific evidence. Children's heightened preference for sweetness may not justify the availability of highly sugary products for children. Although research suggests that children readily accept less sweet products, there is still some wariness in the food industry to reduce sweetness intensity. This has strengthened the use of non‐nutritive sweeteners (NNS), focusing on maintaining the sweetness level. However, emerging evidence suggests that this may not be the best approach.Practical applicationsResearch shows that significant sugar reduction is feasible in products targeted at children without affecting hedonic perception, even if sweetness is reduced. The scientific evidence discussed in the present work challenges traditional approaches to sugar reduction and gives real life, practical recommendations for practitioners. All stakeholders (industry, food and health researchers, and policy makers) involved in the reformulation of products targeted at children are encouraged to prioritize children's best interest and protect their right to a healthy diet.
Exploring how physician educators approach politically charged topics with learners
Authors: Zaidi Zareen , Henderson Rebecca R. , O’Brien Bridget C. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractContextMedical educators hold and encounter different beliefs and values on politically charged health‐related topics such as reproductive rights and immigration. Their views on these topics have implications for how they approach them with learners, yet little work has explored medical educators’ views and pedagogical approaches. In this study, we used Hess's approaches to controversial topics (avoidance, denial, privilege, balance) as a guiding conceptual framework to explore physician educators’ views on and approaches to politically charged topics. We used this understanding to provide guidance on how best to address politically charged issues within medical education.MethodWe used a constructivist qualitative approach to explore medical educators’ approaches to politically charged topics. We interviewed 37 physician educators from two medical schools in different regions of the United States. In these semi‐structured interviews, we presented participants with vignettes depicting politically charged topics arising in an educational setting. Participants described and explained their response to each vignette. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and analysed using constructivist‐oriented thematic analysis.ResultsParticipants were thoughtful about preparing learners for participation in a professional community that holds certain responsibilities to a politically and culturally diverse society. Although some adopted clear approaches on politically charged topics and declared their stance on the topic to learners, others took a balanced approach, focused only on the medical aspects and withheld their views. The context and location of practice played a role in the approaches participants adopted. Additionally, they had varied views on which topics had a place in medical education.ConclusionOur findings provide insights that can help guide medical educators and training programmes in decisions about their role in facilitating conversations about politically charged, health‐related topics and helping learners form their own perspectives and approaches to such topics.