bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bikini textile contact dermatitis: A Sherlockian approach revealing 2,4‐dichlorophenol as a potential textile contact allergen
Authors: Pesqué David , March‐Rodriguez Álvaro , Dahlin Jakob , Isaksson Marléne , Pujol Ramon M. , Giménez‐Arnau Elena , Giménez‐Arnau Ana M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundDifferent textile constituents may act as allergens and/or irritants and provoke textile contact dermatitis (TCD).ObjectivesTo report a case of TCD caused by ethylene glycol monododecyl ether and 2,4‐dichlorophenol, present in a bikini.MethodsA woman presented with an eczematous, pruritic rash in the area of the bikini straps and back. Patch testing was performed with the European baseline, textile, sunscreen, and photo‐patch series, the bikini “as is”, and ethanol and acetone extracts of the bikini. Thin‐layer chromatography (TLC) of the extracts and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis were used to elucidate the culprit agents.ResultsPositive reactions were found to the bikini “as is” and to the ethanol and acetone extracts. Patch testing with TLC strips showed a strong reaction to spots‐fractions 3 and 4. GC–MS was performed to identify substances in each fraction and those suspected to be skin sensitisers were patch tested. On day (D) 4 positive reactions to ethylene glycol monododecyl ether (irritant reaction) and 2,4‐dichlorophenol (++) were observed.ConclusionA myriad of chemical compounds can be found in clothing. Ethylene glycol monododecyl ether and 2,4‐dichlorophenol were identified as the potential culprits of this bikini TCD.
Post‐operative outcomes in anonymous living liver donors: What motivates individuals to donate to strangers
Authors: Flaig Carly , Humar Abhinav , Kirshner Emily , Hughes Christopher , Ganesh Swaytha , Tevar Amit , Steel Jennifer L. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundAnonymous living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) is a strategy to address the shortage of available transplantable
livers; however, few studies have been conducted on this population. The objective of this study was to describe the motivations and medical, psychosocial, and financial outcomes of anonymous living liver donors.MethodsBetween 2010–2019, 116 anonymous living liver donors were evaluated, 59 (51.7%) of whom proceeded to surgery. A
subset of 21 anonymous donors were matched to biologically/emotionally related donors according to age, gender, race, and
duration since surgery. A medical chart review and post‐surgical interviews were performed to assess medical and financial outcomes.ResultsThe primary motivation for donors was an unselfish desire to help others (43, 72.9%). A total of 13 (22%) anonymous donors experienced complications. Of these, 7 (11.9%) were grade I Clavien‐Dindo classification, 5 (8.5%) grade II, 1 was grade III (1.7%); and no patients had grade IV–V Clavien‐Dindo complications. Increased anxiety was reported by 3 (5.1%) donors, and one donor reported clinical levels of depression (1.7%). Within the matched controls, anonymous donors were not significantly different to biologically/emotionally related donors with regard to surgical complications, psychosocial, or financial outcomes.ConclusionsAllowing a greater number of anonymous donors may facilitate the reduction of the waitlist for liver transplant candidates.
Clinical and histopathological spectrum of delayed adverse cutaneous reactions following COVID‐19 vaccination
Authors: Larson Valerie , Seidenberg Roy , Caplan Avrom , Brinster Nooshin K. , Meehan Shane A. , Kim Randie H. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundAs more people become vaccinated against the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus, reports of delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions are beginning to emerge.MethodsIn this IRB‐approved retrospective case series, biopsy specimens of potential cutaneous adverse reactions from the Pfizer‐BioNTech or Moderna mRNA vaccine were identified and reviewed. Clinical information was obtained through the requisition form, referring clinician, or medical chart review.ResultsTwelve cases were included. Histopathological features from two injection‐site reactions showed a mixed‐cell infiltrate with eosinophils and a spongiotic dermatitis with eosinophils. Three biopsy specimens came from generalized eruptions that showed interface changes consistent with an exanthematous drug reaction. Three biopsy specimens revealed a predominantly spongiotic pattern, consistent with eczematous dermatitis. Small‐vessel vascular injury was seen in two specimens, which were diagnosed as urticarial vasculitis and leukocytoclastic vasculitis, respectively. There were two cases of new‐onset bullous pemphigoid supported by histopathological examination and direct immunofluorescence studies. Eosinophils were seen in 10 cases.ConclusionsDermatopathologists should be aware of potential cutaneous adverse reactions to mRNA‐based COVID‐19 vaccines. Histopathological patterns include mixed‐cell infiltrates, epidermal spongiosis, and interface changes. Eosinophils are a common finding but are not always present. Direct immunofluorescence studies may be helpful for immune‐mediated cutaneous presentations such as vasculitis or bullous pemphigoid.
Informality and the Infrastructures of Inclusion: An Introduction
Authors: Meagher Kate 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTThe worrying welfare and political risks of expanding informal economies have put concerns about economic inclusion at the heart of contemporary development thinking — concerns further intensified in the wake of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Amid a collective ‘will to include’, this Debate adopts an infrastructural lens to decipher the distributive and governance implications of the complex institutional, financial and digital linkages through which informal workers and consumers are being included in the circuits of contemporary market economies. Looking beyond imaginaries of seamless linkages, the articles in this Debate examine the specific processes through which these inclusive connections engage with informal actors, focusing on how they work and for whom. Articles focus on various types of inclusive infrastructures that connect deprived communities to jobs, resources and social citizenship, ranging from social protection systems to employment linkages and services for hard‐to‐reach populations. With a view to cutting through the ideological blurring of inclusive discourses, this Introduction will examine the strategies of legibility and regulatory restructuring effected through inclusive infrastructures. It reveals the hidden politics of inclusive linkages, reflects on the techniques of governance operating through socio‐technical connections, and examines processes of resistance and failed connections reworking inclusive infrastructures from below.
Newborns’ early attuning to hand‐to‐mouth coordinated actions
Authors: Addabbo Margaret , Roberti Elisa , Colombo Lorenzo , Picciolini Odoardo , Turati Chiara 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAlready inside the womb, fetuses frequently bring their hands to the mouth, anticipating hand‐to‐mouth contact by opening the mouth. Here, we explored whether 2‐day‐old newborns discriminate between hand actions directed towards different targets of the face—that is, a thumb that reaches the mouth and a thumb that reaches the chin. Newborns looked longer towards the thumb‐to‐mouth compared to the thumb‐to‐chin action only in the presence, and not absence, of anticipatory mouth opening movements, preceding the thumb arrival. Overall, our results show that newborns are sensitive to hand‐to‐face coordinated actions, being capable to discriminate between body‐related actions directed towards different targets of the face, but only when a salient visual cue that anticipates the target of the action is present. The role of newborns’ sensorimotor experience with hand‐to‐mouth gestures in driving this capacity is discussed.
Once‐weekly subcutaneous semaglutide treatment for persons with type 2 diabetes: Real‐world data from a diabetes out‐patient clinic
Authors: Hansen Katrine B. , Svendstrup Mathilde , Lund Asger , Knop Filip K. , Vilsbøll Tina , Vestergaard Henrik 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimsThe once‐weekly administered glucagon‐like peptide 1 (GLP‐1) receptor agonist (GLP‐1RA) semaglutide, has, in clinical trials, demonstrated significant reductions in glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and body weight in persons with type 2 diabetes. We evaluated the real‐world clinical effects of semaglutide once weekly in a hospital‐based diabetes out‐patient clinic.MethodsThis retrospective observational cohort study included persons with type 2 diabetes (n = 119) on a broad range of antidiabetic medicine: GLP‐1RA naïve persons (n = 37) and GLP‐1RA‐experienced persons (n = 82). Person characteristics at inclusion: age [median (quartiles)]: 65 (57, 72) years; body weight 99 (86, 118) kg; body mass index (BMI) 33 (29, 38) kg/m²; HbA1c 61 (54, 69) mmol/mol/(7.7 (7.1, 8.5) %). Data were collected at baseline and after 3, 6 and 12 months of semaglutide treatment. Data were analysed using a general linear mixed model for repeated measurements.ResultsAfter 12 months, the reductions in HbA1c were (mean [95% confidence interval]: GLP‐1RA naïve: −12.8 [−17.0, −8.5] mmol/mol/ −1.2 [−1.6, −0.8]% (p < 0.01) and GLP‐1RA experienced: −6.4 [−9.0, −3.8] mmol/mol/ −0.6 [−0.8, −0.4]% (p < 0.01), respectively. Body weight reductions in GLP‐1RA naïve: −5 [−6.9, −3.1] kg (p < 0.01) and GLP‐1RA experienced: −3.2 [−4.4, −2.0] kg (p < 0.01), respectively. Seventy‐five percent received 1 mg QW semaglutide.ConclusionWe observed effects of semaglutide once weekly on HbA1c and body weight comparable with the effects observed in clinical studies with fewer persons in our cohort receiving maximum dose of semaglutide.
Trends in home dialysis use differ among age categories in past two decades: A Dutch registry study
Authors: Bonenkamp Anna A. , Hoekstra Tiny , Hemmelder Marc H. , van Eck van der Sluijs Anita , Abrahams Alferso C. , van Ittersum Frans J. , van Jaarsveld Brigit C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the number of patients with end‐stage kidney disease is growing, the number of patients who perform dialysis at home has decreased during the past two decades. The aim of this study was to explore time trends in the use of home dialysis in the Netherlands.MethodsDialysis episodes of patients who started dialysis treatment were studied using Dutch registry data (RENINE). The uptake of home dialysis between 1997 through 2016 was evaluated in time periods of 5 years. Home dialysis was defined as start with peritoneal dialysis or home haemodialysis, or transfer to either within 2 years of dialysis initiation. All analyses were stratified for age categories. Mixed model logistic regression analysis was used to adjust for clustering at patient level.ResultsA total of 33 340 dialysis episodes in 31 569 patients were evaluated. Mean age at dialysis initiation increased from 62.5 ± 14.0 to 65.5 ± 14.5 years in in‐centre haemodialysis patients, whereas it increased from 51.9 ± 15.1 to 62.5 ± 14.6 years in home dialysis patients. In patients <65 years, the uptake of home dialysis was significantly lower during each 5‐year period compared with the previous period, whereas kidney transplantation occurred more often. In patients ≥65 years, the incidence of home dialysis remained constant, whereas mortality decreased.ConclusionsIn patients <65 years, the overall use of home dialysis declined consistently over the past 20 years. The age of home dialysis patients increased more rapidly than that of in‐centre dialysis patients. These developments have a significant impact on the organization of home dialysis.
Reef communities show predictable undulations in linear abundance size spectra from copepods to sharks
Authors: Heather Freddie J. , Stuart‐Smith Rick D. , Blanchard Julia L. , Fraser Kate M. , Edgar Graham J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAmong the more widely accepted general hypotheses in ecology is that community relationships between abundance and body size follow a log‐linear size spectrum, from the smallest consumers to the largest predators (i.e. ‘bacteria to whales’). Nevertheless, most studies only investigate small subsets of this spectrum, and note that extreme size classes in survey data deviate from linear expectations. In this study, we fit size spectra to field data from 45 rocky and coral reef sites along a 28° latitudinal gradient, comprising individuals from 0.125 mm to 2 m in body size. We found that 96% of the variation in abundance along this ‘extended’ size gradient was described by a single linear function across all sites. However, consistent ‘wobbles’ were also observed, with subtle peaks and troughs in abundance along the spectrum, which varied with sea temperature, as predicted by theory relating to trophic cascades.
Multiple sclerosis is associated with higher comorbidity and health care resource use: A population‐based, case–control study in a western Mediterranean region
Authors: Cárdenas‐Robledo Simón , Otero‐Romero Susana , Passarell‐Bacardit Maria Angels , Carbonell‐Mirabent Pere , Sastre‐Garriga Jaume , Montalban Xavier , Tintoré Mar 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeComorbidities are common in multiple sclerosis (MS), and have been associated with worse outcomes and increased health care resource usage. We studied the frequency of comorbidities and adverse health behaviors (AHBs) in MS patients in the Mediterranean region of Catalonia.MethodsThis population‐based, case–control study used primary health care information covering 80% of Catalonia's population. Cases were matched by age/sex with randomly chosen controls (ratio = 1:5). Demographic information, comorbidities, AHBs, annual visits, sick leave days, and medication dispensing were studied. The association of comorbidities with MS and the profile of comorbidities according to sex within MS cases were assessed with multivariate logistic regression models, after adjusting for confounding variables. Health care resource usage was analyzed in MS cases compared to controls, and within MS cases in those with compared to those without comorbidities.ResultsFive thousand five hundred forty‐eight MS cases and 27,710 controls (70% female, mean age = 48.3 years) were included. Stroke (odds ratio [OR] = 1.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.17–1.99), epilepsy (OR = 2.46, 95% CI = 1.94–3.10), bipolar disorder (OR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.17–2.36), and depression (OR = 1.83, 95% CI = 1.70–1.98) were more frequent in MS. Cases were more prone to smoking but less to alcohol intake. Among cases, psychiatric comorbidities were more frequent in women, whereas cardiovascular diseases and AHBs were more frequent in men. MS patients, particularly with comorbidities, had higher health care resource usage than controls.ConclusionsPsychiatric comorbidities, stroke, epilepsy, and AHBs are more common in MS patients than in the general population in the western Mediterranean region of Catalonia. The presence of comorbidities increases the health care resource usage in MS patients.
Predictive modeling of spread in adult‐onset isolated dystonia: Key properties and effect of tremor inclusion
Authors: Wang Meng , Sajobi Tolulope , Morgante Francesca , Adler Charles , Agarwal Pinky , Bäumer Tobias , Berardelli Alfredo , Berman Brian D. , Blumin Joel , Borsche Max , Brashear Allison , Deik Andres , Duque Kevin , Espay Alberto J. , Ferrazzano Gina , Feuerstein Jeanne , Fox Susan , Frank Samuel , Hallett Mark , Jankovic Joseph , LeDoux Mark S. , Leegwater‐Kim Julie , Mahajan Abhimanyu , Malaty Irene A. , Ondo William , Pantelyat Alexander , Pirio‐Richardson Sarah , Roze Emmanuel , Saunders‐Pullman Rachel , Suchowersky Oksana , Truong Daniel , Vidailhet Marie , Shukla Aparna Wagle , Perlmutter Joel S. , Jinnah Hyder A. , Martino Davide 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeSeveral clinical and demographic factors relate to anatomic spread of adult‐onset isolated dystonia, but a predictive model is still lacking. The aims of this study were: (i) to develop and validate a predictive model of anatomic spread of adult‐onset isolated dystonia; and (ii) to evaluate whether presence of tremor associated with dystonia influences model predictions of spread.MethodsAdult‐onset isolated dystonia participants with focal onset from the Dystonia Coalition Natural History Project database were included. We developed two prediction models, one with dystonia as sole disease manifestation (“dystonia‐only”) and one accepting dystonia OR tremor in any body part as disease manifestations (“dystonia OR tremor”). Demographic and clinical predictors were selected based on previous evidence, clinical plausibility of association with spread, or both. We used logistic regressions and evaluated model discrimination and calibration. Internal validation was carried out based on bootstrapping.ResultsBoth predictive models showed an area under the curve of 0.65 (95% confidence intervals 0.62–0.70 and 0.62–0.69, respectively) and good calibration after internal validation. In both models, onset of dystonia in body regions other than the neck, older age, depression and history of neck trauma were predictors of spread.ConclusionsThis predictive modeling of spread in adult‐onset isolated dystonia based on accessible predictors (demographic and clinical) can be easily implemented to inform individuals’ risk of spread. Because tremor did not influence prediction of spread, our results support the argument that tremor is a part of the dystonia syndrome, and not an independent or coincidental disorder.
Rapid onset of functional tic‐like behaviours in young adults during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Pringsheim Tamara , Martino Davide 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeClinicians have reported an increase in functional tic‐like behaviours in children and youth during the COVID‐19 pandemic. We describe adults developing rapid onset of functional tic‐like behaviours between May 2020 and June 2021.MethodsData were analysed from the Adult Tic Disorders Registry, a single‐site,12‐month prospective cohort study that began enrolment in January 2021. We compared clinical features of participants with Tourette syndrome or persistent motor/vocal tic disorder to participants with rapid onset tic‐like behaviours.ResultsThirty‐three participants registered between January and June of 2021; nine had rapid onset tic‐like behaviours, and 24 had Tourette syndrome or persistent motor tic disorder. Participants with rapid onset tic‐like behaviours were younger (19.9 vs. 38.6 years, p = 0.003), had older age at onset (15.3 vs. 10.1, p = 0.0009), and were more likely female (p < 0.0001). They had higher motor and vocal tic severity and impairment scores (all p < 0.01) and were more likely to have complex arm/hand motor tics (p < 0.0001), complex vocal tics (p < 0.0001), and coprolalia (p = 0.004). They had significantly higher scores on all mental health symptom self‐report measures (all p < 0.05) and were significantly more likely to be diagnosed with depression (p = 0.03).ConclusionsThe clinical features that help differentiate rapid onset tic‐like behaviours from Tourette syndrome or persistent motor tic disorder include their phenomenology, onset age, and clinical course. Rapid onset tic‐like behaviours are a distinct subtype of functional neurological disorder that has emerged during the COVID‐19 pandemic in young people and appears to be strongly socially influenced.
The occurrence of 2‐methylhopanoids in modern bacteria and the geological record
Authors: Naafs B. D. A. , Bianchini G. , Monteiro F. M. , Sánchez‐Baracaldo P. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe 2‐methylhopanes (2‐MeHops) are molecular fossils of 2‐methylbacteriohopanepolyols (2‐MeBHPs) and among the oldest biomarkers on Earth. However, these biomarkers’ specific sources are currently unexplained, including whether they reflect an expansion of marine cyanobacteria. Here, we study the occurrence of 2‐MeBHPs and the genes involved in their synthesis in modern bacteria and explore the occurrence of 2‐MeHops in the geological record. We find that the gene responsible for 2‐MeBHP synthesis (hpnP) is widespread in cyano‐ and ⍺‐proteobacteria, but absent or very limited in other classes/phyla of bacteria. This result is consistent with the dominance of 2‐MeBHP in cyano‐ and ⍺‐proteobacterial cultures. The review of their geological occurrence indicates that 2‐MeHops are found from the Paleoproterozoic onwards, although some Precambrian samples might be biased by drilling contamination. During the Phanerozoic, high 2‐MeHops’ relative abundances (index >15%) are associated with climatic and biogeochemical perturbations such as the Permo/Triassic boundary and the Oceanic Anoxic Events. We analyzed the modern habitat of all hpnP‐containing bacteria and find that the only one species coming from an undisputed open marine habitat is an ⍺‐proteobacterium acting upon the marine nitrogen cycle. Although organisms can change their habitat in response to environmental stress and evolutionary pressure, we speculate that the high sedimentary 2‐MeHops’ occurrence observed during the Phanerozoic reflect ⍺‐proteobacteria expansion and marine N‐cycle perturbations in response to climatic and environmental change.
Economic potential of milk production strategies with restrictive use of concentrated feed—An experiment on 36 family farms in the pre‐alpine region
Authors: Gazzarin Christian , Häller Bruno , Hofstetter Pius 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe objective of this study was to quantify the economic potential of grass‐based milk production strategies with limited use of concentrated feed in the pre‐alpine region. We monitored 36 family dairy farms from the pre‐alpine region of Switzerland divided in three study groups following one of three defined, voluntarily adopted production strategies: Partial grazing and barn feeding with freshly cut forages, supplementing <500 kg (GBF) and 1,200 kg (GBFplus) of concentrated feed, respectively, and practicing full grazing (FG), supplementing <100 kg of concentrated feed per cow per year. For three years (2014–2016), data were collected on the farms, and experience and ideas were exchanged and evaluated in a participatory process together with local extension services and researchers. Economic success indicators such as cost price and return to labor from each study group were compared with structurally similar control groups derived from the Swiss Farm Accountancy Data Network after completing an interactive standardization process, which largely balanced farm‐specific features in the study groups. Compared with the control groups, the cost price (Swiss francs [CHF] per 100 kg milk) of GBF, GBFplus, and FG was significantly reduced by 20%, 20%, and 26%, respectively. Return to labor (CHF per hour) was significantly higher than in the control group for GBF (20.60 versus. 13.80), GBFplus (19.70 versus. 10.20), and FG (29.30 versus. 19.20). The comparison between the study groups also showed that lower milk revenues due to a lower use of concentrate could be economically compensated by a better input efficiency. A consistent implementation of the production strategy as well as personal qualities in terms of cost management seems to play a decisive role.