bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eosinophilic esophagitis in individuals with sex chromosome aneuploidies: Clinical presentations and management implications
Authors: Howell Susan , Buchanan Catherine , Davis Shanlee M. , Miyazawa Heather , Furuta Glenn T. , Tartaglia Nicole R. , Nguyen Nathalie 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundSupernumerary sex chromosome aneuploidies (SCA) are common genetic conditions characterized by additional X or Y chromosome, affecting ~1/500 individuals, with the most frequent karyotypes of 47,XXY (Klinefelter syndrome), 47,XXX (Trisomy X), and 47,XYY (Jacob syndrome). Although there is considerable phenotypic variation among these diagnoses, these conditions are characterized by the presence of overlapping physical, medical, developmental, and psychological features. Our interdisciplinary clinic’s experience anecdotally supports previous published findings of atopic conditions, feeding difficulties, and gastroesophageal reflux to be more prevalent in SCAs (Bardsley et al., Journal of Pediatrics, 2013, 163, 1085; Samango‐Sprouse et al., The Application of Clinical Genetics, 2019, 12, 191; Tartaglia et al., Acta Paediatrica, 2008, 100, 851). Furthermore, we observed that many of these patients have also been diagnosed with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), an association not currently reported in the literature.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective chart review of all 667 patients with SCA seen at a large tertiary care center to investigate the prevalence and presenting features of EoE.ResultsFour percent of children with SCAs had a biopsy‐confirmed diagnosis of EoE, which represents an odds ratio of 32 (95% CI 6–185) when compared to the prevalence rates reported in the general population.ConclusionRoutine screening for EoE symptoms may be warranted for individuals with SCA and atopic conditions.
Data transmission bit error rate modeling and analysis of multi‐screen measurement system based on optical communication link
Authors: Zhang Xiaoqian , Gao Junchai , Zhang Jialiang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTo reduce the bit error rate of data transmission in the field of the long‐distance ballistic trajectory of weapon range, this article utilizes a MIMO‐OFDM atmospheric laser link communication model to transfer the obtained data using the four‐screen measurement system in the terminal ballistic. First, the atmospheric attenuation channel model caused by haze and fog in the atmospheric link communication is analyzed. Then the atmospheric attenuation factors of haze day are introduced and the received optical power of the system is calculated. Lastly, the atmospheric laser link communication model in different weather environment is established. The calculation functions of signal‐to‐noise ratio and bit error rate in the long‐distance link communication are derived. Through the calculation and analysis, the attenuation of laser's power caused by fog and haze with different visibilities is obtained. The results show that the lower is the visibility under fog or haze days, the faster is the attenuation of the laser's power and the higher is the bit error rate of the communication link. The atmospheric attenuation can be reduced by increasing the laser's power. The results verify the feasibility of the MIMO‐OFDM atmospheric laser link communication model. The proposed model has a certain guiding significance for the further study of reliable data transmission in the ultra‐long‐range ballistic.
Optimization of spin‐lock times in T1ρ mapping of knee cartilage: Cramér‐Rao bounds versus matched sampling‐fitting
Authors: Zibetti Marcelo V. W. , Sharafi Azadeh , Regatte Ravinder R. 
Published: November 2021

PurposeTo compare different optimization approaches for choosing the spin‐lock times (TSLs), in spin‐lattice relaxation time in the rotating frame (T1ρ) mapping.MethodsOptimization criteria for TSLs based on Cramér‐Rao lower bounds (CRLB) are compared with matched sampling‐fitting (MSF) approaches for T1ρ mapping on synthetic data, model phantoms, and knee cartilage. The MSF approaches are optimized using robust methods for noisy cost functions. The MSF approaches assume that optimal TSLs depend on the chosen fitting method. An iterative non‐linear least squares (NLS) and artificial neural networks (ANN) are tested as two possible T1ρ fitting methods for MSF approaches.ResultsAll optimized criteria were better than non‐optimized ones. However, we observe that a modified CRLB and an MSF based on the mean of the normalized absolute error (MNAE) were more robust optimization approaches, performing well in all tested cases. The optimized TSLs obtained the best performance with synthetic data (3.5–8.0% error), model phantoms (1.5–2.8% error), and healthy volunteers (7.7–21.1% error), showing stable and improved quality results, comparing to non‐optimized approaches (4.2–13.3% error on synthetic data, 2.1–6.2% error on model phantoms, 9.8–27.8% error on healthy volunteers).ConclusionA modified CRLB and the MSF based on MNAE are robust optimization approaches for choosing TSLs in T1ρ mapping. All optimized criteria allowed good results even using rapid scans with two TSLs when a complex‐valued fitting is done with iterative NLS or ANN.
Resistance of glass fibre reinforced polyamide 6.6 materials to automotive cooling fluids: an analytical method for lifetime prediction
Authors: Harrass Konstantina , Mauer Sebastian , Tsekov Roumen 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTwo types (with and without a hydrolysis stabilizer) of polyamide 6.6 (PA6.6) reinforced with 30% w/w glass fibres were examined against the influence of automotive cooling fluids, e.g. ethylene glycol aqueous solutions. The overall goal was to find a methodology to compare the performance of PA6.6 materials against the impacts of the hydrolysis environment. The stabilizer effect on the hydrolytic resistance of the materials was assessed using tensile tests according to ISO 527, and their strain‐at‐break values were evaluated in more detail. The degradation mechanism of both PA types was monitored by infrared spectroscopy and SEM. The material lifetime was described by the Arrhenius equation. The results show that the hydrolysis stabilizer operates effectively at low temperature but exhibits weak performance above 130 °C, which is explained by faster consumption of the stabilizing agent. © 2021 The Authors. Polymer International published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Prokaryotic expression, evaluation, and prediction of the structure and function of the ecarin metalloproteinase domain
Authors: Mohammadi Nasrin , Bandehpour Mojgan , Sotoodehnejadnematalahi Fattah , Kazemi Bahram 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEcarin is one of the most widely used drug compounds in blood clotting experiments and is used to monitor and treat many diseases such as cancer, liver, lupus, and cardiovascular disease. The metalloproteinase domain is known as the active site of ecarin. In this study, an ecarin metalloproteinase cassette was designed and synthesized in the pUC57 vector. The gene fragment was released and cloned into the pET‐28a vector and expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant protein was confirmed by western blotting. Enzyme activity was estimated by a laboratory coagulation test, and prothrombin time and tertiary structure were determined by using the Iterative Threading ASSEmbly Refinement (I‐TASSER) server. Data from blood clotting tests for the produced ecarin activity were analyzed using an independent t test. As per I‐TASSER server prediction, model 1 with the highest confidence score 0.95, template modeling score (0.84 ± 0.08), and root mean square deviation (3.5 ± 2.4 Å) was considered as the best model, and the 2e3xA enzyme was more similar to the target protein. The predictive results helped to better understand the relationship between the structure and function of the ecarin metalloproteinase domain. Also, the production of this active site in the prokaryotic expression system, which is simpler and more cost‐effective than the production of the eukaryotic system, showed that this recombinant ecarin could be used as a substitute for the raw snake venom of Echis carinatus because it converts prothrombin into thrombin, and its activity, as estimated using the prothrombin time test, was found to be faster than normal ecarin.
Unique Signatures of Rashba Effect in Angle Resolved Magnetoresistance
Authors: Gupta Anshu , Kathyat Deepak S. , Mukherjee Arnob , Kumari Anamika , Tomar Ruchi , Singh Yogesh , Kumar Sanjeev , Chakraverty Suvankar 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAn unusual dependence of electrical resistance on the direction of the magnetic field, relative to that of current, in a 2D electron gas with strong spin‐orbit coupling formed at the LaVO3–KTaO3 interface is reported. The observations are incompatible with any previously reported magneto‐transport measurements. Surprisingly, on the one hand the system exhibits signatures of chiral anomaly such as negative magnetoresistance and planar Hall effect, on the other hand, a number of features are even qualitatively beyond the existing theories. It is found that all the unusual features in transport are controlled by the quantum effects originating from strong spin‐orbit coupling induced spin‐momentum locking, and the traditional Lorentz mechanism plays a minimal role. The results not only open up a new avenue related to magneto‐transport in spin‐orbit coupled metals but also pave a path to engineer non‐magnetic materials as sensors for vector magnetic fields.
Metabolomics workflow as a driven tool for rapid detection of metabolites in doping analysis. Development and validation
Authors: Leogrande Patrizia , Jardines Daniel , Martinez‐Brito Dayamin , Domenici Eleonora , de la Torre Xavier , Parr Maria Kristina , Botrè Francesco 
Published: November 2021

RationaleThis work demonstrates the high potential of combining high‐resolution mass spectrometry with chemometric tools, using metabolomics as a guided tool for anti‐doping analysis. The administration of 7‐keto‐DHEA was studied as a proof‐of‐concept of the effectiveness of the combination of knowledge‐based and machine‐learning approaches to differentiate the changes due to the athletic activities from those due to the recourse to doping substances and methods.MethodsUrine samples were collected from five healthy volunteers before and after an oral administration by identifying three time intervals. Raw data were acquired by injecting less than 1 μL of derivatized samples into a model 8890 gas chromatograph coupled to a model 7250 accurate‐mass quadrupole time‐of‐flight analyzer (both from Agilent Technologies), by using a low‐energy electron ionization source; the samples were then preprocessed to align peak retention times with the same accurate mass. The resulting data table was subjected to multivariate analysis.ResultsMultivariate analysis showed a high similarity between the samples belonging to the same collection interval and a clear separation between the different excretion intervals. The discrimination between blank and long excretion groups may suggest the presence of long excretion markers, which are particularly significant in anti‐doping analysis. Furthermore, matching the most significant features with some of the metabolites reported in the literature data demonstrated the rationality of the proposed metabolomics‐based approach.ConclusionsThe application of metabolomics tools as an investigation strategy could reduce the time and resources required to identify and characterize intake markers maximizing the information that can be extracted from the data and extending the research field by avoiding a priori bias. Therefore, metabolic fingerprinting of prohibited substance intakes could be an appropriate analytical approach to reduce the risk of false‐positive/negative results, aiding in the interpretation of “abnormal” profiles and discrimination of pseudo‐endogenous steroid intake in the anti‐doping field.
Identification of metabolites in plasma related to different biological activities of Panax ginseng and American ginseng
Authors: Liu Jihua , Dong Qinghai , Du Guangguang , Wang Jia , An Yang , Liu Jiayin , Su Jun , Xie Hongliu , Yin Jianyuan 
Published: November 2021

RationalePanax ginseng (PG) and American ginseng (AMG) are both medicinal plants of the Panax genus in the Acanthopanax family. Although PG and AMG have similar components of ginsenosides, there are many differences of their bioactivities. In this study, the biochemical mechanisms of different bioactivities of PG and AMG were explored by researching the differential metabolites in plasma after administration of each of PG and AMG.MethodsIn order to explore the material basis of differential bioactivities, two groups of mice were administrated orally with PG and AMG, and the method of metabolomics was used to identify the differential metabolites in plasma. Then network pharmacology was used based on the differential metabolites. Afterward, the metabolite–target–pathway network of PG and AMG was constructed; thus the pathways related to different bioactivities were analyzed.ResultsThrough principal component analysis and orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis, there were 10 differential metabolites identified in the PG group and 8 differential metabolites identified in the AMG group. Based on network pharmacology, the differential metabolites were classified and related to differential bioactivities of PG and AMG. In the PG group, there were 6 metabolites related to aphrodisiac effect and exciting the nervous system, and 5 metabolites associated with raised blood pressure. In the AMG group, 5 metabolites were classified as having the effect of inhibiting the nervous system, and 6 metabolites were related to antihypertensive effect.ConclusionsThis study explored the material basis of the differential biological activities between PG and AMG, which is significant for the research of PG and AMG use and to promote human health.
Surface Reconstruction and In Situ Formation of 2D Layer for Efficient and Stable 2D/3D Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Deng Chunyan , Wu Jihuai , Du Yitian , Chen Qi , Song Zeyu , Li Guodong , Wang Xiaobing , Lin Jianming , Sun Weihai , Huang Miaoliang , Huang Yunfang , Gao Peng , Lan Zhang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe 2D/3D composite structure possesses both the excellent stability of 2D perovskite and the excellent performance of 3D perovskite, which recently have attracted special attention. Different from the popular isopropanol, a novel additive solvent—polypropylene glycol bis (2‐aminopropyl ether) (A‐PPG) is introduced here to dissolve excess PbI2 and perovskite, and then reconstruct and in situ form the quasi‐2D perovskite layer on 3D perovskite bulk. The lone electron pairs of the ether‐oxygen and amino in A‐PPG can form coordination bonds with Pb2+. The introduction of A‐PPG tunes the energy array of functional layers, passivates defects, and mitigates carrier nonradiative recombination. Consequently, the 2D/3D perovskite device exhibits a championship efficiency of 22.24% with a distinguished open‐circuit voltage of 1.21 V (the thermodynamic limit of 1.30 V). Moreover, the 2D/3D device still maintains 90% of the original efficiency in the ambient atmosphere with a relative humidity of 30 ± 10% after 50 days.
International trade, differentiated goods, and strategic asymmetry
Authors: Gilbert John , Koska Onur A. , Oladi Reza 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe scrutinize international trade arising from oligopolistic rivalry (reciprocal dumping) in a model where the goods are horizontally differentiated and where otherwise symmetric firms located in different regions adopt asymmetric strategies—one competing in prices and the other competing in quantities. Unidirectional and intra‐industry trade appear endogenously in our framework. We show that as trade costs decline the equilibrium outcome will transition from autarky through a region of unidirectional trade, before intra‐industry trade ultimately arises. In the unidirectional trade region, potential market entry by the rival has an impact on firm behavior even though the rival is not exporting. The implications of product differentiation and changing trade costs for trade volumes and for the gains from trade are asymmetric in general. Welfare may rise monotonically as trade costs fall for one of the economies, but will necessarily fall initially relative to autarky for the other.
Recent advances in the analysis of plant alkaloids by capillary electrophoresis and micellar electrokinetic chromatography
Authors: Kumar Ashwini , Malik Ashok Kumar , Singh Baljinder 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPlants produce secondary metabolites as a result of a defense mechanism of plants against biotic and abiotic stresses. Alkaloids represent a diverse group of secondary metabolites that contain a basic nitrogen atom. Capillary electrophoresis has many advantages such as short analysis time, little sample consumption, high separation efficiency, and high sensitivity over conventional separation methods. Therefore, capillary electrophoresis has been extensively used for the analysis of alkaloids in plant extracts. In this review, we discuss advances in analytical capillary electrophoresis used for their identification and quantification in plants.
Besonderheiten beim Austausch von Kranbahnträgern für schweren Kranbetrieb
Authors: Dürr André , Bartenbach Jochen , Kretzschmar Peter , Rieche Marco , Sdorra Armin , Wunderlich Martin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractViele bestehende Industrieanlagen mit Krananlagen für schweren Betrieb sind in Deutschland mittlerweile mehr als 50 Jahre in Betrieb und die rechnerisch ermittelte Lebensdauer der Kranbahnträger ist in vielen Fällen überschritten. Zusätzlich zu der langen Nutzung der Krananlagen wurden diese in dieser Zeit vielfach erweitert und neu gestaltet. Die Kranbahnträger und deren lastabtragende Unterkonstruktion wie Konsolen und Kranbahnstützen müssen zusätzlich oft höhere Kranlasten (aus geänderten Produktionsabläufen) aufnehmen als die Lasten, für die sie einmal ursprünglich ausgelegt und bemessen wurden. Dementsprechend ergeben sich für die Erneuerung von alten Bestandsbauten und im Besonderen für die zugehörigen Kranbahnen völlig andere Randbedingungen, als noch bei deren Errichtung galten. Im Rahmen dieses Beitrags wird auf die Besonderheiten infolge der erschwerten Randbedingungen bei Bestandsgebäuden sowie die Besonderheiten bei Konstruktion und Bemessung eingegangen, die beim Austausch von Kranbahnträgern für schweren Kranbetrieb zu beachten sind.
Multi‐agent evolutionary game of process safety culture in Chinese chemical industry based on system dynamics
Authors: Liu Tong , Zhang Ming‐guang , Song Jian , Zhao Yao 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn the process of safety culture construction in Chinese chemical industry, various interests and relationships of stakeholders involved are complicated, which hinders the process safety culture in chemical industry from being implemented practically. Thus, evolutionary game theory was used to draw the relationships between the stakeholders, including China chemical safety supervision department, chemical plants, and chemical plant workers. A system dynamics model was built to explore the dynamic relationships of process safety culture in Chinese chemical industry, and study the dynamic stability of stakeholders. The simulation results show that the strategy selections of China chemical safety supervision department, chemical plants, and chemical plant workers could reach a stable condition, which indicates that the evolutionary stable strategy exist in the current dynamic interaction among the three agents. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis between state variables and several auxiliary variables were accomplished to reveal the internal relationships. The proposed new method of applying evolutionary game to process safety culture offers a solution to optimize safety culture construction.
Infection with SARS‐CoV‐2 variant B.1.1.7 detected in a group of dogs and cats with suspected myocarditis
Authors: Ferasin Luca , Fritz Matthieu , Ferasin Heidi , Becquart Pierre , Corbet Sandrine , Ar Gouilh Meriadeg , Legros Vincent , Leroy Eric M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundDomestic pets can contract severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection; however, it is unknown whether the UK B.1.1.7 variant can more easily infect certain animal species or increase the possibility of human‐to‐animal transmission.MethodsThis is a descriptive case series reporting SARS‐CoV‐2 B.1.1.7 variant infections in a group of dogs and cats with suspected myocarditis.ResultsThe study describes the infection of domestic cats and dogs by the B.1.1.7 variant. Two cats and one dog were positive to SARS‐CoV‐2 PCR on rectal swab, and two cats and one dog were found to have SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies 2–6 weeks after they developed signs of cardiac disease. Many owners of these pets had developed respiratory symptoms 3–6 weeks before their pets became ill and had also tested positive for COVID‐19. Interestingly, all these pets were referred for acute onset of cardiac disease, including severe myocardial disorders of suspected inflammatory origin but without primary respiratory signs.ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate, for the first time, the ability for pets to be infected by the B.1.1.7 variant and question its possible pathogenicity in these animals.
Higher spin de Sitter quasinormal modes
Authors: Sun Zimo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We construct higher spin quasinormal modes algebraically in D-dimensional de Sitter spacetime using the ambient space formalism. The quasinormal modes fall into two nonunitary lowest-weight representations of $$ \mathfrak{so} $$
so
(1, D). From a local QFT point of view, the lowest-weight quasinormal modes of massless higher spin fields are produced by gauge-invariant boundary conserved currents and boundary higher-spin Weyl tensors inserted at the southern pole of the past boundary. We also show that the quasinormal spectrum of a massless/massive spin-s field is precisely encoded in the Harish-Chandra character corresponding to the unitary massless/massive spin-s SO(1, D) representation.
Artificial intelligence is an oxymoron
Authors: Svensson Jakob 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDeparting from popular imaginations around artificial intelligence (AI), this article engages in the I in the AI acronym but from perspectives outside of mathematics, computer science and machine learning. When intelligence is attended to here, it most often refers to narrow calculating tasks. This connotation to calculation provides AI an image of scientificity and objectivity, particularly attractive in societies with a pervasive desire for numbers. However, as is increasingly apparent today, when employed in more general areas of our messy socio-cultural realities, AI- powered automated systems often fail or have unintended consequences. This article will contribute to this critique of AI by attending to Nicholas of Cusa and his treatment of intelligence. According to him, intelligence is equally dependent on an ability to handle the unknown as it unfolds in the present moment. This suggests that intelligence isorganicwhich ties Cusa to more contemporary discussions in tech philosophy, neurology, evolutionary biology, and cognitive sciences in which it is argued that intelligence is dependent on having—and acting through—an organic body. Understanding intelligence as organic thus suggests an oxymoronic relationship to artificial.