bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Komoditas Unggulan dan Potensial Sektor Pertanian Kabupaten Simalungun, Provinsi Sumatera Utara
Authors: Saragih Jef Rudiantho , Siburian Alvera , Harmain Ummu , Purba Tioner 
Published: March 2021

Sektor Pertanian merupakan sektor dengan kontribusi terbesar dalam Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB) Kabupaten Simalungun. Namun pengembangan komoditas di sektor pertanian dinilai belum sepenuhnya berbasis pada komoditas basis dan tingkat pertumbuhannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis komoditas unggulan dan komoditas potensial sektor pertanian dalam arti luas. Penelitian dilakukan di Kabupaten Simalungun, pada bulan Maret-Agustus 2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder yaitu data produksi masing-masing komoditas pertanian tahun 2008-2017 diperoleh dari Dinas Pertanian Kabupaten Simalungun, Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Simalungun, dan Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Data produksi dianalisis dengan Location Quotient (LQ) dan tipologi Klassen. Pangsa Sektor Pertanian dalam PDRB Kabupaten Simalungun tahun 2008-2017 adalah rata-rata sebesar 49,53%. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data produksi, dalam kurun waktu 2008-2017, komoditas unggulan Kabupaten Simalungun (kombinasi nilai LQ>1, tumbuh cepat) adalah ubi jalar (tanaman pangan); kentang, kubis, buncis, bayam, mangga, dan pisang (hortikultura); kelapa sawit, kopi arabika, kakao, dan cengkeh (perkebunan rakyat); kerbau (peternakan); dan kegiatan perikanan budidaya. Sementara komoditas potensial (nilai LQ>1, tumbuh lambat) adalah padi ladang, jagung, dan ubi kayu (tanaman pangan); bawang merah (hortikultura); kopi robusta, pinang, aren, dan vanili (perkebunan rakyat); sapi, babi, dan ayam kampung (peternakan). Komoditas basis namun relatif tertinggal adalah kacang tanah. Sementara, komoditas nonbasis namun tergolong berkembang cepat adalah nangka, manggis, sawo, durian, pepaya, nenas, petsai, terung, cabai, tomat, karet, wortel, kacang panjang, dan kayu manis.
“He remains single, but it isn’t good for a man to be single…”: New Documents on the History of Private Life in Russia in the Second Half of the 17th Century
Authors: Бусарев И.А. , Козляков В.Н. , Севастьянова А.А. 
Published: March 2021

В статье и Приложении к ней изучается архивная находка — рукописные сборники из приказов 1660–1670-х годов рязанских архиереев Илариона и Иосифа, представляющие собой документы церковного суда по «духовным делам», так называемые Записные книги судных дел двух рязанских иерархов XVII века. Краткую источниковедческую и археографическую характеристику рукописных сборников, как показало наше исследование, дал в начале XX века церковный историк С. Н. Введенский, опубликовавший некоторые из документов в Воронеже. В данной статье раскрывается уникальность рязанских исторических источников на примерах сюжетов
по истории частной жизни из материалов церковных судебных дел. Приводятся данные по вопросам жизни и быта сельских и городских общин, семейной жизни и семейного права в России XVI–XVII веков. Высказывается предположение о важности исторической информации, приведенной
в ряде документов, о судьбах и жизни возвращавшихся из плена служилых людей. Публикация этих документов в Приложении позволяет ввести в научный оборот значительное количество впервые обнаруженных источников 1660–1670-х годов.
The article and the supplement attached to it investigate archival materials, namely collections of manuscripts by archbishops Hilarion and Joseph in the 1660s–1670s. The manuscripts and decrees issued by the two archpriests are related to the ecclesiastical court. The archaeographic and historical value of the manuscripts was roughly estimated by church historian S. N. Vvedensky, who published his research in Voronezh in the early 20th century. The present article aims at highlighting the unique character of Ryazan historical sources and at analyzing stories pertaining to private lives and based on materials of the ecclesiastical court. The article provides data regarding the daily routine of rural and urban communities, family life and family law in Russia of the 16th–17th centuries. The authors assume that some documents are of great historical significance, for they tell us about the life and fate of former prisoners-of-war. By attaching a supplement to the article, the authors is enabled to investigate a significant amount of previously uninvestigated manuscripts dating back as far as the 1660s–1670s.
The Interpretation of the Cleansing Fire of Purgatory in J. Frith’s Disputation of Purgatory
Authors: Чугунова Т.Г. 
Published: March 2021

В статье анализируется интерпретация католического догмата о чистилище английским реформатором Дж. Фритом, представленная им в одноименном трактате «Спор о чистилище». Молодой теолог бросил вызов ведущим ученым того времени — своим соотечественникам Дж. Растеллу, Т. Мору, Дж. Фишеру, защищавшим доктрину о чистилище. Основываясь
на Священном Писании, английский реформатор отрицал материальное существование чистилища и трактовал «очистительный огонь» символически как скорбь, раскаяние, муки совести. Опираясь на метод герменевтического анализа текста, автор делает вывод, что Джон Фрит предложил иной взгляд на эту проблему. Чистилище, по его мнению, находится в земной жизни человека, где он борется со своими грехами, очищаясь Словом Божиим.
The article analyzes the interpretation of the catholic doctrine of purgatory presented by an English reformer J. Frith in his publication A Disputation of Purgatory. The young scholar defies the ideas expressed by his compatriots J. Rastell, Th. More, and J. Fisher (leading theology specialists of the time adhering to the doctrine of purgatory). The analysis of the Holly Scripture enabled the English reformer to reject the material existence of purgatory and to argue that the cleansing fire should be interpreted as a symbol of anguish, remorse, pangs of conscience. The author of the article employs the hermeneutic content analysis to prove that John Frith proposed a novel interpretation of the concept of purgatory. Frith believes that purgatory is our life where people fight their sins and are cleansed through God’s Word.
The Sentimentalism of W. Godwin’s Early Novels
Authors: Серегина М.А. 
Published: March 2021

В статье рассматриваются ранние малоизученные романы английского писателя, журналиста и философа Уильяма Годвина «Деймон и Делия», «Имоджен» и «Итальянские письма». Цель данного исследования — выделение их сентиментальной основы, осознание ее эстетической значимости в художественной структуре произведений. Анализ ранних романов позволяет выделить в них характерные для сентиментализма особенности: преобладание естественного чувства над разумом, мотивы любования природой, возвышенным и прекрасным, восхищение искусством и сентиментальной поэзией, определившие характер героев и специфику сюжетно-мотивного комплекса. У. Годвин активно обращается к сентименталистской стилистике, используя как традиционные, так и оригинальные художественно-выразительные средства, которые основываются на контрасте как главном способе воздействия на читателя. Автор статьи приходит
к выводу, что на раннем этапе творчества писателя происходит становление стиля и особого способа художественного выражения его философских и политических идей, тем самым опровергается широко распространенное мнение о том, что ранние романы У. Годвина не содержат каких-либо важных для его философии идей. Кроме того, анализируемые романы исходя из их жанрово-стилевой специфики можно отнести к типично сентиментальным произведениям. Данное исследование и его результаты могут быть использованы для дальнейшего анализа и изучения раннего творчества У. Годвина и для создания более полной панорамы его работ.
The article treats an English writer, journalist and philosopher William Godwin’s previously underinvestigated novels “Damon and Delia”, “Imogen”, and “Italian Letters”. The aim of the research is to explore the sentimental aspects lying at the basis of the novels and to assess their aesthetic value. The analysis of W. Godwin’s early works enables one to trace in them some features characteristic of sentimental novels, such as prevalence of sentiment over common sense, fascination with nature, admiration for exquisite beauty, appreciation of art and sentimental poetry. All these characteristics account for the choice of personages and narrative devices. W. Godwin’s works abound with sentimentalism. The writer employs both traditional and unique stylistic devices, whose essence lies in contrast as the main means of affecting the reader. The author of the article concludes that W. Godwin’s early works bear witness to the evolution of W. Godwin’s writing style and to his search of literary devices which enable him to express his philosophical and political ideas. Therefore, the author of the article underlines that, contrary to widespread opinion, W. Godwin’s early works are not devoid of philosophical ideas. The author maintains that, judging by their genre characteristics, the analyzed novels can be classified as sentimental ones. The research can be used for further analysis of W. Godwin’s early novels and for the creation of a wider panorama of his works.
The Issue of Authorial Manifestations in J. Barnes’s Novel “Flaubert’s Parrot”
Authors: Царева Е.В. 
Published: March 2021

В статье анализируется проблема автора в романе Дж. Барнса «Попугай Флобера». Проводится сравнение авторского начала в романе и в сборнике эссе Дж. Барнса “Something to Declare”. Доказывается связь между данными текстами. Анализируется фактический материал, представленный в сборнике эссе и в романе. Делается вывод о разнице представления материала в обоих текстах: в романе, в отличие от сборника эссе, есть альтернативные версии и вымышленные события. Кроме того, в романе автор вводит дополнительную повествовательную инстанцию — фигуру рассказчика по имени Джеффри Брэйтуэйт, используя ее как авторскую маску. От его имени рассказывается история путешествия героя по местам, связанным с жизнью
и творчеством Флобера. Это составляет основную часть повествования, что подтверждается и заглавием романа. Рассказ о жизни самого Брэйтуэйта лаконичен и фрагментарен. В статье подробно анализируется образ рассказчика, выделяются два уровня или две повествовательные инстанции. Первый уровень, во многом транслирующий взгляды Дж. Барнса, может быть охарактеризован как литературоведческий, второй уровень связан с психологическими проблемами несчастливого в браке рассказчика, отсылающего читателя к образу Шарля Бовари, героя романа Флобера.
В статье делается вывод о многоуровневом авторском начале в романе «Попугай Флобера». В сочетании с иронией и интертекстуальностью игра с авторским началом позволяет рассматривать роман Дж. Барнса «Попугай Флобера» как постмодернистский текст.
The article analyzes the issue of authorial manifestations in J. Barnes’s novel “Flaubert’s Parrot”. It compares the manifestation of the authorial identity in the novel and in J. Barnes’s essay collection “Something to Declare”. The article proves that there is a definite congeniality between the two texts.
However, the author of the article concludes that the manners of presenting information in the novel and essays are different, for the novel contains alternative versions of events and describes imaginary situations. Moreover, the author of the novel introduces a narrator, a certain Geoffrey Braithwaite who serves as his mouthpiece. It is the narrator who tells the story of the character’s travel across the places associated with Flaubert’s life and work. The travels constitute a major part of the narrative accounting for the title of the novel. The story of Braithwaite’s life is laconic and fragmentary. The article analyzes the image of the narrator and singles out two narrative levels, or aspects. The first level is largely associated with J. Barnes’s ideas and can be characterized as literary. The second level is related to Geoffrey Braithwaite, who experiences marital problems and reminds the readers of a Charles Bovary, a character of Flaubert’s novel. The article maintains that in the novel, the authorial identity is manifested at numerous levels. The author of the article underlines that due to the interplay of irony, intertextuality and authorial identity, J. Barnes’s novel “Flaubert’s Parrot” can be classified as postmodernist one.
Implementasi Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia Berdasarkan Kitab Nehemia Pasal 1-13 Di Kalangan Gembala Sidang
Authors: Sembodo Joko , Prabowo Yusak Sigit 
Published: March 2021

Human resource management is a tremendous force that can be extracted and developed for church growth, both in quality and quantity. This research was conducted to determine the tendency of human resource management implementation and the most dominant dimension based on the book of Nehemia chapter 1-13 among pastors of the Gereja Bethel Injil Sepenuh (Full Gospel Bethel Church) in Surakarta. This research uses quantitative research methods with data analysis obtained from the study of the book of Nehemiah chapter 1-13 and other literature sources, carried out by measuring the application of the theory that has been obtained in the field by collecting data that is processed descriptively quantitatively. Data were obtained from 50 respondents, namely pastors from the Gereja Bethel Injil Sepenuh in Surakarta. The results obtained are the tendency of implementing human resource management based on the book of Nehemiah chapter 1-13 among the pastors of the Gereja Bethel Injil Sepenuh in Surakarta on moderate criteria. The dominant dimension in the implementation of human resource management based on the book of Nehemiah chapters 1-13 among pastors of the Gereja Bethel Injil Sepenuh in Surakarta is human resource management planning.Manajemen sumber daya manusia merupakan kekuatan yang luar biasa yang bisa digali dan dikembangkan bagi pertumbuhan gereja, baik itu secara kualitas maupun secara kuantitas. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kecenderungan implementasi manajemen sumber daya manusia dan dimensi yang paling dominan berdasarkan kitab Nehemia pasal 1-13 di kalangan gembala sidang Gereja Bethel Injil Sepenuh Se-Surakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif dengan analisis data yang diperoleh dari studi Alkitab Nehemia pasal 1-13 dan sumber literatur pustaka lainnya, dilakukan dengan mengukur penerapan teori yang sudah diperoleh tersebut di lapangan dengan mengumpulkan data yang diolah secara deskriptif kuantitatif. Data diperoleh dari 50 responden, yaitu gembala sidang yang berasal dari Gereja Bethel Injil Sepenuh se-Surakarta. Adapun hasil yang didapat adalah kecenderungan implementasi manajemen sumber daya manusia berdasarkan kitab Nehemia pasal 1-13 di kalangan gembala sidang Gereja Bethel Injil Sepenuh Se-Surakarta pada kriteria sedang. Dimensi yang dominan dalam implementasi manajemen sumber daya manusia berdasarkan kitab Nehemia pasal 1-13 di kalangan gembala sidang Gereja Bethel Injil Sepenuh se-Surakarta adalah perencanaan manajemen sumber daya manusia.
Membentengi Pemuda Gereja dari Ajaran Guru Palsu Melalui Pemahaman 2 Petrus 3:3
Authors: Sahartian Santy 
Published: March 2021

Based on 2 Peter 3: 3 latter-day life is the appearance of mockers called false teachers carrying false teachings, namely denying Jesus as a savior, turning the day of the Lord or the day of the second coming of Jesus, and rejecting the Word of God. The lives of these false teachers only follow the passions. Adultery, obscene, all of it to blaspheme the glory of God. To fortify youth in dealing with heresies and living according to lust is to provide proper teaching and formation on the knowledge of Christ in 2 Peter 1: 5-7. The growth of true faith, namely to the faith of virtue, to the virtue of knowledge, to the knowledge of self-mastery, to the mastery of perseverance, to the perseverance of godliness, to the piety of love for you, to your love for all people. Where this love does not demand reciprocity, this love is the love that is willing to sacrifice for the people it loves. With the right knowledge of Jesus, it will be difficult for young people to influence teachings that are not true.Kehidupan zaman akhir berdasar 2 Petrus 3:3 adalah tampilnya pengejek-pengejek yang di sebut guru palsu membawa ajaran sesat, yaitu menyangkal Yesus sebagai juruselamat, memutarbalikan hari Tuhan atau hari kedatangan Yesus yang kedua kalinya, dan menolak Firman Allah. Kehidupan guru-guru palsu ini hanya mengikuti hawa nafsu. Nafsu zinah, cabul, semuanya itu kepada menghujat kemuliaan Allah. Untuk membentengi pemuda dalam menghadapi ajaran-ajaran sesat dan kehidupan menuruti hawa nafsu adalah dengan memberi pengajaran dan pembinaan yang tepat tentang pengenalan akan Kristus dalam 2 Petrus 1:5-7. Adanya pertumbuhan iman yang benar, yaitu kepada iman kebajikan, kepada kebajikan pengetahuan, kepada pengetahuan penguasaan diri, kepada penguasaan diri ketekunan, kepada ketekunan kesalehan, kepada kesalehan kasih akan saudara, kepada kasih saudara kasih semua orang. Di mana kasih ini tidak menuntut balasan, kasih ini adalah kasih rela berkorban bagi sesama yang dikasihinya. Dengan pengenalan yang benar akan Yesus , maka pemuda akan sulit di pengaruhi ajaran yang tidak benar.
OSSOS. XXI. Collision Probabilities in the Edgeworth–Kuiper Belt
Authors: Abedin Abedin Y. , Kavelaars J. J. , Greenstreet Sarah , Petit Jean-Marc , Gladman Brett , Lawler Samantha , Bannister Michele , Alexandersen Mike , Chen Ying-Tung , Gwyn Stephen , Volk Kathryn 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Here, we present results on the intrinsic collision probabilities, P

I
, and range of collision speeds, V

I
, as a function of the heliocentric distance, r, in the trans-Neptunian region. The collision speed is one of the parameters that serves as a proxy for a collisional outcome (e.g., disruption and scattering of fragments, or formation of a crater, as both processes are related to the impact energy). We utilize an improved and debiased model of the trans-Neptunian object (TNO) region from the “Outer Solar System Origins Survey” (OSSOS). It provides a well-defined model of TNO orbital distribution, based on multiple opposition observations of more than 1000 bodies. We compute collisional probabilities for the OSSOS models of the main classical, resonant, detached+outer, and scattering TNO populations. The intrinsic collision probabilities and collision speeds are computed using Öpik’s approach, as revised and modified by Wetherill for noncircular and inclined orbits. The calculations are carried out for each of the dynamical TNO groups, allowing for inter-population collisions as well as collisions within each TNO population, resulting in 28 combinations in total. Our results indicate that collisions in the trans-Neptunian region are possible over a wide range in (r, V

I
) phase space. Although collisions are calculated to happen within r ∼ 20–200 au and V

I
∼ 0.1 km s−1 to as high as V

I
∼ 9 km s−1, most of the collisions are likely to happen at low relative velocities V

I
< 1 km s−1 and are dominated by the main classical belt.
An Optical Overview of Blazars with LAMOST. I. Hunting Changing-look Blazars and New Redshift Estimates
Authors: Peña-Herazo Harold A. , Massaro Francesco , Gu Minfeng , Paggi Alessandro , Landoni Marco , D’Abrusco Raffaele , Ricci Federica , Masetti Nicola , Chavushyan Vahram 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The extragalactic γ-rays sky observed by the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) is dominated by blazars. In the fourth release of the Fermi LAT Point Source Catalog (4FGL) are sources showing a multifrequency behavior similar to that of blazars but lacking an optical spectroscopic confirmation of their nature, known as blazar candidates of uncertain type (BCUs). We aim at confirming the blazar nature of BCUs and test if new optical spectroscopic observations can reveal spectral features, allowing us to get a redshift estimate for known BL Lac objects. We also aim to search for and discover changing-look blazars (i.e., blazars that show a different classification at different epochs). We carry out an extensive search for optical spectra available in the Large Sky Area Multi-object Fibre Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) Data Release 5 (DR5) archive. We select sources out of the 4FGL catalog, the list of targets from our follow-up spectroscopic campaign of unidentified or unassociated γ-ray sources, and the multifrequency catalog of blazars: the Roma-BZCAT. We select a total of 392 spectra. We also compare some of the LAMOST spectra with those available in the literature. We classify 20 BCUs confirming their blazar-like nature. Then we obtain 15 new redshift estimates for known blazars. We discover 26 transitional (i.e., changing-look) blazars that changed their classification. Finally, we are able to confirm the blazar-like nature of six BL Lac candidates. All remaining sources analyzed agree with previous classifications. BL Lac objects are certainly the most elusive type of blazars in the γ-ray extragalactic sky.
Kepler-90: Giant Transit-timing Variations Reveal a Super-puff
Authors: Liang Yan , Robnik Jakob , Seljak Uroš 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Exoplanet transit-timing variations (TTVs) caused by gravitational forces between planets can be used to determine planetary masses and orbital parameters. Most of the observed TTVs are small and sinusoidal in time, leading to degeneracies between the masses and orbital parameters. Here we report a TTV analysis of Kepler-90g and Kepler-90h, which exhibit large TTVs up to 25 hr. With optimization, we find a unique solution that allows us to constrain all of the orbital parameters. The best-fit masses for Kepler-90g and 90h are

M
⊕ (Earth mass) and

, respectively, with Kepler-90g having an unusually low apparent density of 0.15 ± 0.05 g cm−3. The uniqueness of orbital parameter solution enables a long-term dynamical integration, which reveals that although their periods are close to 2:3 orbital resonance, they are not locked in resonance, and the configuration is stable over billions of years. The dynamical history of the system suggests that planet interactions are able to raise the eccentricities and break the resonant lock after the initial formation.
Higher Compact Multiple Occurrence around Metal-poor M-dwarfs and Late-K-dwarfs
Authors: Anderson Sophie G. , Dittmann Jason A. , Ballard Sarah , Bedell Megan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The planet–metallicity correlation serves as a potential link between exoplanet systems as we observe them today and the effects of bulk composition on the planet formation process. Many observers have noted a tendency for Jovian planets to form around stars with higher metallicities; however, there is no consensus on a trend for smaller planets. Here, we investigate the planet–metallicity correlation for rocky planets in single- and multi-planet systems around Kepler M-dwarf and late-K-dwarf stars. Due to molecular blanketing and the dim nature of these low-mass stars, it is difficult to make direct elemental abundance measurements via spectroscopy. We instead use a combination of accurate and uniformly measured parallaxes and photometry to obtain relative metallicities and validate this method with a subsample of spectroscopically determined metallicities. We use the Kolmogorov–Smirnov (K-S) test, Mann–Whitney U-test, and Anderson–Darling (AD) test to compare the compact multiple planetary systems with single-transiting planet systems and systems with no detected transiting planets. We find that the compact multiple planetary systems are derived from a statistically more metal-poor population, with a p-value of 0.015 in the K-S test, a p-value of 0.005 in the Mann–Whitney U-test, and a value of 2.574 in the AD test statistic, which exceeds the derived threshold for significance by a factor of 25. We conclude that metallicity plays a significant role in determining the architecture of rocky planet systems. Compact multiples either form more readily, or are more likely to survive on gigayear timescales, around metal-poor stars.