bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of Driving Status in Service Members and Veterans at 1 Year Posttraumatic Brain Injury: A VA TBI Model Systems Study
Authors: Bernstein John P. K. , Sevigny Mitch , Novack Thomas A. , Dreer Laura E. , Chung Joyce , Lamberty Greg J. , Finn Jacob A. 
Published: March 2021

Objective:
To identify predictors of driving status in service members and veterans 1 year following a traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Setting:
The 5 Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Polytrauma Rehabilitation Centers (PRCs).

Participants:
A total of 471 service members and veterans (128 with mild/complicated mild TBI and 343 with moderate/severe TBI) who received TBI-focused inpatient rehabilitation at one of the VA PRCs and who participated in a 1-year postinjury follow-up assessment.

Design:
Secondary analysis from the Department of Veterans Affairs Polytrauma Rehabilitation Centers Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems (VA PRC TBIMS) national database.

Main Measures:
Primary outcome was a single item that assessed driving status at 1 year postinjury. Predictor variables included demographics; sensory impairment, substance use, and employment status at time of injury; PTSD symptoms reported at study enrollment; and functional impairment rated at rehabilitation discharge.

Results:
In unadjusted bivariate analyses, among those with a mild/complicated mild TBI, older age and greater functional impairment were associated with lower likelihood of driving. Among those with a moderate/severe TBI, discharge to a nonprivate residence, greater functional impairment, and higher PTSD symptoms were linked to lower likelihood of driving. Adjusted multivariate analyses indicated that functional impairment was uniquely associated with driving status in both TBI severity groups. After controlling for other predictors, self-reported PTSD symptoms, particularly dysphoria symptoms, were associated with lower likelihood of driving in both severity groups.

Conclusion:
Given the significance of clinician-rated functional impairment and self-reported PTSD symptoms to the prediction of driving status 1 year post-TBI among service members and veterans, rehabilitation efforts to improve functioning and reduce negative affect may have a positive impact on driving and community integration.
Association between body mass index and clinical outcomes in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survivors treated with targeted temperature management
Authors: Chen Chung-Ting , Lin Meng-Chen , Lee Yi-Jing , Li Li-Hua , Chen Ying-Ju , Chuanyi Hou Peter , How Chorng-Kuang 
Published: March 2021

Background:
To determine the impact of body mass index (BMI) on clinical outcomes in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) survivors treated with targeted temperature management (TTM).

Methods:
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 261 adult OHCA survivors who received complete TTM between January 2011 and December 2018 using data from the Research Patient Database Registry of Partners HealthCare system in Boston. Patients were categorized as underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2), normal weight (BMI = 18.5–24.9 kg/m2), overweight (BMI = 25–29.9 kg/m2), and obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2), according to the World Health Organization classification.

Results:
The average BMI was 28.9 ± 7.1 kg/m2. Patients with a higher BMI had higher rates of hypertension and diabetes mellitus, and were more likely to be witnessed on collapse. Patients with lower BMI levels had higher sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores, blood urea nitrogen values, and mild thrombocytopenia rates (platelet count <150 K/μL) after the TTM treatment. The survival to discharge and favorable neurological outcome at discharge were reported in 117 (44.8%) and 76 (29.1%) patients, respectively. The survival at discharge, favorable neurologic outcomes at discharge, length of hospital admission, and the occurrence of acute kidney injury did not significantly differ between the BMI subgroups. In logistic regression model, BMI was not an independent predictor for survival at discharge (adjusted odds ratio 0.945, 95% CI 0.883–1.012, p = 0.108) nor for the favorable neurologic outcome at discharge (adjusted odds ratio 1.022, 95% CI 0.955–1.093, p = 0.528).

Conclusion:
In OHCA patients treated with TTM, there was no significant difference across BMI subgroups for survival or favorable neurologic outcome at discharge.
The biological function and diagnostic value of miR-762 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Bao Li-Hao , Ji Ke , Li Dong , Liu Shao-Sheng , Song Zhen-Yu , Xia Gui-Hua 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Low diagnostic efficiency and high metastasis and recurrence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) result in bad survival. A novel diagnostic biomarker is of great importance for the improvement of NPC management. This study aimed to state the biological function and diagnostic values of miR-762 in NPC to provide a novel insight into the detection and therapy of NPC.

Methods:
The expression of miR-762 in NPC and healthy samples was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and its diagnostic value was evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The functional roles of miR-762 in the proliferation, migration, and invasion of NPC cells were assessed by CCK8 and Transwell assay.

Results:
The significant upregulation of miR-762 was observed in NPC serum compared with healthy controls, which was associated with the TNM stage and lymph node metastasis of NPC patients. The ROC curve showed that miR-762 could be a diagnostic biomarker for NPC with high accuracy and specificity. Additionally, miR-762 served as a tumor promoter, which could promote cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of NPC.

Conclusion:
The upregulation of miR-762 in NPC is associated with the disease progression and diagnosis of NPC. miR-762 might be involved in the tumor progression of NPC, which provides a potential therapeutic target for the treatment and management of NPC.
Are Cal/OSHA Regulations Protecting Farmworkers in California From Heat-Related Illness?
Authors: Langer Chelsea Eastman , Mitchell Diane C. , Armitage Tracey L. , Moyce Sally C. , Tancredi Daniel J. , Castro Javier , Vega-Arroyo Alondra J. , Bennett Deborah H. , Schenker Marc B. 
Published: March 2021

Objective:
Determine compliance with and effectiveness of California regulations in reducing farmworkers’ heat-related illness (HRI) risk and identify main factors contributing to HRI.

Methods:
In a cross-sectional study of Latino farmworkers, core body temperature (CBT), work rate, and environmental temperature (WBGT) were monitored over a work shift by individual ingestible thermistors, accelerometers, and weather stations, respectively. Multiple logistic modeling was used to identify risk factors for elevated CBT.

Results:
Although farms complied with Cal/OSHA regulations, worker training of HRI prevention and hydration replacement rates were insufficient. In modeling (AOR [95% CI]) male sex (3.74 [1.22 – 11.54]), WBGT (1.22 [1.08 – 1.38]), work rate (1.004 [1.002 – 1.006]), and increased BMI (1.11 [1.10 – 1.29]) were all independently associated with elevated CBT.

Conclusion:
Risk of HRI was exacerbated by work rate and environmental temperature despite farms following Cal/OSHA regulations.
Relationship Between Galvanic Vestibular-evoked Myogenic Potentials and the Prognosis of Unilateral Severe to Profound Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss With Vertigo
Authors: Chang Chih-Ming , Lo Wu-Chia , Young Yi-Ho , Liao Li-Jen , Cheng Po-Wen 
Published: March 2021

Objective:
Idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL) may not only impair cochlear function but also damage vestibular structures, including the saccule, utricle, semicircular canals, and vestibular afferents. Poor recovery often occurs in patient with serious ISSNHL and accompanying vertigo. To define the severity of the disease and to predict prognosis, galvanic vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) are added to the inner ear test battery.

Study Design:
Retrospective case review.

Setting:
Tertiary referral center.

Patients:
Thirty patients with unilateral severe to profound ISSNHL and accompanying vertigo were enrolled in this retrospective study.

Intervention:
Diagnostic.

Main Outcome Measures:
All subjects underwent pure tone audiometry, cervical and ocular VEMPs, and caloric tests before the initiation of treatment. The treatment outcome, rates of abnormal responses in the tests, and the characteristic parameters of VEMPs such as latencies and amplitudes, were analyzed.

Results:
In affected ears, the rates of abnormal acoustic cVEMPs, vibratory oVEMPs, galvanic cVEMPs, and galvanic oVEMPs were 60, 47, 37, and 20%, respectively. The improvement in the hearing of the affected ear was specified as good recovery or poor recovery. The normal galvanic VEMP group had a significant higher rate of good recovery than abnormal galvanic VEMP group (87% versus 27%; p = 0.003).

Conclusions:
Patients with unilateral severe to profound ISSNHL and accompanying vertigo who have normal galvanic VEMPs have a higher likelihood of hearing recovery than those who have abnormal galvanic VEMPs.
Simultaneous Nonmastoidectomy Infrapromontorial Tumor Removal and Cochlear Implantation in Vestibular Schwannoma Patient
Authors: Misron Khairunnisak , Mfuko Godlove , Hur Young Kyun , Moon In Seok 
Published: March 2021

Introduction:
Restoration of hearing in patients with vestibular schwannoma (VS) and poor hearing poses a great challenge. Simultaneous cochlear implantation during surgery for VS removal offers favorable hearing outcome if the cochlear nerve remains intact. Recent refinement of surgical techniques using the endoscope has made it possible to simultaneously restore the hearing and remove the tumor.

Case description:
A 62-year-old male had left severe sensorineural hearing loss and a 4 mm intracanalicular VS. We performed simultaneous nonmastoidectomy infrapromontorial VS removal and cochlear implantation in this patient to achieve minimal invasiveness and to provide maximal hearing restoration. The tumor was removed via this corridor while maintaining the integrity of cochlear as well as facial nerves with full insertion of a medium length cochlear implant electrode. After surgery, the patient showed good hearing rehabilitation.

Conclusion:
Simultaneous infrapromontorial VS removal and nonmastoidectomy cochlear implantation serves as an option for hearing restoration with minimal invasiveness in small VS removal.
Ready-to-use therapeutic foods for the treatment of malnourished children and infants
Authors: Nel Etienne , Lombard Martani 
Published: March 2021

Purpose of review
Ready-to-use therapeutic foods (RUTF) allow effective community-based management of severe acute malnutrition (SAM). Current interest focuses on their optimal composition and use.

Recent findings
Studies of alternative RUTF have yielded differing results. Partial soybean, sorghum flour, and whey protein replacement RUTF were inferior to standard RUTF. In contrast, soy-based RUTF was as effective as milk-based RUTF and an alternative RUTF with added oats lead to superior recovery in comparison to standard RUTF.
Reducing the dose of RUTF in the later phases of SAM recovery resulted in small reductions in the growth of uncertain clinical significance.
Although iron and vitamin A status improve during treatment with standard RUTF, a significant proportion of children remained deficient. Alternative soya, maize, and sorghum-based formulas with no milk protein may improve recovery of iron status compared to standard RUTF.
Finally, in children with SAM, plasma essential fatty acids and conversion to long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids are reduced. Despite the improvement, these parameters remain lower than in normal children after 3 months.

Summary
New RUTF formulations may provide a cost-effective alternative to standard RUTF. Future research should focus on addressing micronutrient deficiency, lipid metabolism, and long-term recovery.
Vitamin D requirements in infancy: an updated systematic review
Authors: Mimouni Francis B. , Mendlovic Joseph 
Published: March 2021

Purpose of review
Systematic review looking for new evidence for recommendations for vitamin D supplementation in healthy infants based upon the most recent (4 years) available literature.

Recent findings
Randomized controlled trials published since 1 January 2017 that related to vitamin D doses in infancy were reviewed. They do not provide any additional evidence that larger, more generous amounts of daily vitamin D beyond the customary recommended 400 international units (IU) daily dose, affect any significant outcome. Larger amounts may lead to serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations that have been reported to be potentially associated with adverse effects, and a daily dose of 1200 IU may even harm in terms of increasing the risks of allergic sensitization.

Summary
There are still many unanswered questions left, in particular, whether or not more ‘generous’ amounts of vitamin D in infancy may improve long-term health outcomes such as prevention of adult osteoporosis, allergies, or cancer.
Chronic kidney disease in adrenal disorders
Authors: Salman Liann Abu , Cohen Debbie L. 
Published: March 2021

Purpose of review
This review will focus on hypertension due to underlying adrenal disorders in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Diagnosis of adrenal hypertension and particularly primary aldosteronism (PA) in CKD is frequently not pursued. We outline limitations that advanced kidney disease poses on the diagnostic work up of these disorders and provide a framework for approaching CKD patients suspected of having an adrenal disorder. Recognition of these disorders is important as they are often underdiagnosed which leads to poorer outcomes.

Recent findings
Adrenal disease associated with hypertension in CKD is most commonly due to PA whereas pheochromocytoma and Cushing's disease are important but less common. Diagnosis of these diseases is important as their identification leads to better blood pressure control and can possibly mitigate the risk of progression of CKD. Work up and treatment of PA has been shown to be safe and is associated with less antihypertensive medication requirement for the associated hypertension and slower progression of CKD.

Summary
This chapter summarizes the importance of recognizing adrenal hypertension in CKD and reinforces the need for physicians to pursue these diagnoses in CKD patients as this is safe and improves both BP control and delays progression of CKD.
Thromboembolic disease in hypercortisolism
Authors: Capatina Cristina , Fleseriu Maria 
Published: March 2021

Purpose of review
Endogenous Cushing's syndrome (CS) is associated with increased patient morbidity (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, visceral obesity, osteoporosis, cognitive alterations, and impaired quality of life). Both arterial and venous thromboembolic events (TE) due to alterations in the hemostatic system and prothrombotic state are widely reported in patients with CS, more so postoperatively. Increased mortality, if not appropriately treated, is largely due to cardiovascular events and infections.

Recent findings
Patients with CS have markedly increased risk of thromboembolic episodes compared to the general population. The prothrombotic state is mediated by increased levels of procoagulant factors, but also by an impaired fibrinolytic capacity. All contribute to TE, atherosclerosis, and subsequent cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Some abnormalities progressively improve after CS remission, but do not fully normalize for at least 1 year or more.

Summary
Due to the additional thrombotic risk of surgery or any invasive procedure, anticoagulation prophylaxis should be at least considered in patients with CS and balanced with individual bleeding risk. However, a clear protocol of thromboprophylaxis is lacking and increased awareness regarding risks per se is needed. Large prospective trials will clarify, which patients with CS are at the highest risk and the optimal prevention protocol to minimize risks and maximize efficacy.
Safety and protection in endoscopic services during phase II of COVID-19 pandemic: a national survey
Authors: Vassallo Roberto , Venezia Ludovica , Zullo Angelo , Stasi Elisa , Milazzo Giuseppe , Soncini Marco , Triossi Omero , Neri Bortoluzzi Francesco , Montalto Paolo , Usai Satta Paolo , Monica Fabio 
Published: March 2021

Background
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic requires appropriate measures for containing infection spreading. Endoscopic procedures are considered at increased risk of infection transmission. We evaluated organizational aspects and personal behaviours in Italian Endoscopic Units during phase II of the pandemic.

Methods
A questionnaire on organizational aspects and use of personal protective equipment (PPE) were e-mailed to gastroenterologists working in Endoscopic Units. Data were analysed accordingly to the National Health Institute and Gastroenterology Societies recommendations.

Results
Data of 117 centres were collected, and different shortcomings emerged. Specific protocols for containing infection and training programs for operators were lacking in 20 and 30% of centres, respectively, and telephone triage 24–72 h before the endoscopy was not implemented in 25% of hospitals. In 30% of centres, the slot time for endoscopies and between examinations was not prolonged. PPE, masks, shirts and gloves were universally adopted, although with some differences. In 20% of centres, a FFPE-FFP3 mask was not adopted during endoscopic examinations. Postendoscopy patient tracking/contact was completed in only one-third of centres.

Conclusions
Our survey provides information on organizational and medical behaviours during COVID-19 phase II in Italy, which could be useful for adopting appropriate measures for containing COVID-19 spread during phase II.
The dietary practices and beliefs of people living with older-onset inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Crooks Benjamin , Misra Ravi , Arebi Naila , Kok Klaartje , Brookes Matthew J. , McLaughlin John , Limdi Jimmy K. 
Published: March 2021

Background and Objectives
The role of diet in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains incompletely understood. Studies have previously examined dietary practices in IBD, but none have specifically focused on older-onset disease. IBD may put vulnerable groups at risk of nutritional deficiency and associated complications, potentially heightened by comorbidities, frailty and polypharmacy. Our objective was to describe dietary practices and beliefs in older-onset IBD.

Methods
A questionnaire exploring dietary practices and beliefs was prospectively administered to 137 people with older-onset IBD attending gastroenterology clinics.

Results
Thirty-two percent believed diet was the initiating factor for their IBD. This was significantly more likely in people with Crohn’s disease than ulcerative colitis (P = 0.05) and in those who felt limited in their dietary choices due to cost (P = 0.008). Forty-three percent believed diet could trigger IBD relapse and 68% avoided dietary components to avoid relapse. Most frequently avoided were spicy and fatty foods, carbonated drinks, red meat, alcohol and raw fruit and vegetables. Twenty-two percent of participants had tried a whole food exclusion diet, most frequently gluten- or lactose-free. Almost a third avoided eating out (29%) or eating the same meal as their family (32%) to prevent relapse. Respondents rarely relied upon healthcare professionals or patient support organisations for their dietary information.

Conclusion
Individuals with older-onset IBD report dietary practices with a high degree of consistency. Dietary avoidance may impact upon both nutritional and psychosocial wellbeing in this more vulnerable group and, as such, early dietetic assessment could help improve outcomes.
Efficacy of puncturing different portal vein branch during transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt with 8 mm covered stent: a propensity-score analysis
Authors: Zhou Yongjie , Ma Jingqin , Ju Shuai , Zhang Zihan , Zhang Wen , Yang Minjie , Zhou Xin , Yan Zhiping , Luo Jianjun 
Published: March 2021

Background
Hepatic encephalopathy after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) remains an unsolved problem; therefore, this study aimed to compare the efficacy of shunting different portal vein branch during TIPS with 8 mm covered stent for preventing gastroesophageal variceal rebleeding in cirrhotic patients.

Methods
Between November 2015 and December 2018, the medical records of consecutive cirrhotic patients who received TIPS with an 8 mm covered stent for preventing gastroesophageal variceal rebleeding were analyzed retrospectively. Shunting the left and right branches of the portal vein was performed in 58 (group A) and 104 patients (group B), respectively. Afterwards, 54 patients in each group were produced by the PSM method. The incidence of overt hepatic encephalopathy (OHE), shunt patency, variceal rebleeding and survival were compared between two groups by using Kaplan–Meier analysis and log-rank test.

Results
The median follow-up time was 37 months (range 0.3–50 months). The 6-,12- and 24-months cumulative OHE free rates in groups A and B were 92.5, 86.2, 83.6% and 74.1, 70.2, 67.6%, respectively (P = 0.042; hazard ratio = 0.469; 95% CI, 0.223–0.988). Two (3.7%) and eight (14.8%) patients experienced severe OHE in groups A and B, respectively (P = 0.042). There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of shunt patency, variceal rebleeding and survival.

Conclusion
Shunting the left portal vein branch during TIPS with an 8 mm covered stent for preventing gastroesophageal variceal rebleeding in cirrhotic patients might decrease the occurrence of OHE significantly. The prospective trial is needed to further provide evidence of this results in future.
Prediction of tumor response and patient outcome after radioembolization of hepatocellular carcinoma using 90Y-PET-computed tomography dosimetry
Authors: d’Abadie Philippe , Walrand Stephan , Hesse Michel , Annet Laurence , Borbath Ivan , Van den Eynde Marc , Lhommel Renaud , Jamar François 
Published: March 2021

Aim
90Y-radioembolization using glass or resin microspheres is increasingly used for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of this retrospective study is to determine the prognostic relevance of dosimetric parameters defined with 90Y-PET-CT obtained immediately after radioembolization.

Methods
Forty-five HCC patients, mostly with multiple lesions, were treated by radioembolization between 2011 and 2017. After treatment, all underwent a 90Y PET-CT with time of flight reconstruction (90Y-TOF-PET-CT). Tumor absorbed dose and cumulative tumor dose-volume histogram were calculated using a dose point Kernel convolution algorithm. The radiological tumor response was assessed using modified (m)-RECIST criteria. Progression-free-survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression analysis.

Results
Twenty-six patients were treated with glass microspheres (73 lesions) and nineteen with resin microspheres (60 lesions). Thresholds of 118 and 61 Gy for glass and resin microspheres respectively correlate well with radiological response with a positive predictive value (PPV) of 98 and 80% and discriminate patient outcome with regard to PFS (P = 0.03 and 0.005) and OS (P = 0.003 and 0.007). Using dose volume histogram, a minimal absorbed dose of 40 Gy in 66% of the tumor volume (defined as D66) was highly predictive of radiological response (PPV = 94%), PFS (P < 0.001) and OS (P = 0. 008), for either device.

Conclusion
Dosimetric parameters obtained using 90Y-PET-CT are predictive of tumor response, PFS and OS. In clinical practice, a systematic dosimetric evaluation using 90Y PET should be implemented to help predicting patient outcomes.