bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quand le souverainisme l’emporte
Authors: Faure Samuel B. H. 
Published: January 2021

Cet article explique la structuration du capitalisme français de la défense, à partir de l’étude de l’acquisition par l’État de l’avion de combat Rafale marine en 1988. Ce débouché décisionnel s’explique par la victoire de l’« association souverainiste » sur l’« association libérale » conditionnée par des relations interpersonnelles plus denses à l’échelon politique. L’association souverainiste regroupe des élites civiles et militaires hétérogènes autour d’un programme d’action publique consistant à défendre le territoire national pour produire un avion militaire, plutôt que de réduire les coûts budgétaires en l’important des États-Unis. S’appuyant sur 89 entretiens semi-directifs, le capitalisme français de la défense est analysé à partir de l’approche programmatique qui s’inscrit en sociologie de l’action publique.
Les gardiens des politiques de santé face à la réforme Obama
Authors: Genieys William , Darviche Mohammad-Saïd , Epperson Brent 
Published: January 2021

L’étude de la réforme de l’assurance maladie aux États-Unis durant les années 1990 et 2000 montre que loin de disparaître, l’influence des élites de l’État fédéral a été reconfigurée. À l’image des custodians of policy de Philip Selznick, de petits groupes d’élites professionnalisés durablement au cœur des pouvoirs exécutif et législatif ont acquis une expertise stratégique dans certains secteurs de politique. Comme leurs homologues français, les élites des politiques de santé étasuniennes se sont posées en gardiens des politiques de santé en adaptant l’impératif du contrôle des coûts à un héritage historique, institutionnel et politique défavorable à une réforme alignant le système d’assurance maladie sur le modèle des autres démocraties occidentales. C’est au prix de ce « provincialisme » et de la recherche invétérée d’un arrangement politique que la réforme Obama a pu aboutir à une évolution du système d’assurance maladie qui, à défaut d’être systémique, n’en est pas moins la plus importante depuis les années 1960.
Théorie des courants multiples et systèmes politiques consensuels
Authors: Bocquet Nicolas 
Published: January 2021

Cet article mobilise un modèle analytique original basé sur la théorie des courants de Kingdon pour analyser quatre processus de mise à l’agenda bruxellois issus des secteurs de la mobilité, de la santé et de la sécurité. Méthodologiquement, il combine process tracing et comparaisons qualitatives en s’appuyant sur une triangulation des sources afin de répondre à la question de recherche suivante : dans quelle mesure compléter la théorie des courants par l’apport de variables propres aux systèmes consensuels permet-il d’accroître la compréhension du processus de mise à l’agenda bruxellois conduisant à l’adoption ou au rejet des solutions des entrepreneurs ? Nos résultats démontrent que le modèle de Kingdon offre une compréhension importante, quoique incomplète des processus étudiés. Dès lors, cet article illustre comment la théorie des courants peut être complétée afin de dépasser ses insuffisances relatives aux systèmes consensuels (fédéraux) et ainsi accroître son pouvoir explicatif de la mise à l’agenda dans ce type de contextes.
L’innovation produit dans la pme de service de haute technologie : le rôle clé de la communauté de pratique
Authors: Dokou Gérard Akrikpan Kokou , Lemoine Sylvie 
Published: January 2021

Cet article tente de répondre à la question de recherche suivante : « de quelles manières une communauté de pratique favorise-t-elle l’innovation produit dans le cadre d’une PME de service de haute technologie ? » Aussi, nous avons défini ce qu’est une communauté de pratique puis cerné son processus de création, son développement ainsi que les dimensions de son impact au sein des entreprises. L’étude d’un cas centrée sur une enquête qualitative exploratoire a mis en évidence plusieurs dimensions. Les plus significatives (au sens des tests de Khi2 associés aux verbatims) concernent l’engagement mutuel des membres de la communauté de pratique en termes de construction et de partage des connaissances, la structuration d’une volonté commune, ainsi que la constitution de ressources et des outils communs. Ces mêmes dimensions correspondantes aux trois hypothèses définies à partir de la littérature fournissent de nouvelles perspectives sur l'innovation produit dans les PME
Les systèmes de sante face à la pandémie de COVID-19 : surmonter ferveur, optimisme et négligence
Authors: Ane Mohamed , Callens Stéphane , Traoré Moussa Khoré 
Published: January 2021

La pandémie de COVID-19 a parfois infirmé, parfois confirmé les évaluations initiales de l’Organisation Mondiale de la Santé des capacités des systèmes de santé à faire face à ce choc. Ces évaluations initiales sont le plus souvent basées sur des caractéristiques de l’offre de soins, et des insuffisances plus ou moins prononcées de celle-ci : manque de personnel formé, segmentation de la population, ou trop forte prééminence des plateaux techniques dans le système de santé. L’explication des écarts constatés entre les classements des systèmes de santé dans le monde et celui de leurs performances mettent en avant seulement certains de ces travers et font appel à des éléments de contexte et de déroulé de la crise sanitaire. L’économie comportementale dans un contexte dynamique d’apprentissage collectif permet de recomposer une vision synthétique des systèmes de santé et de la médecine de crise. Cette approche souligne en particulier des formations volontaires de rigidité (la Ferveur), et formule l’hypothèse d’une inversion des biais au cours de la crise, des sous-évaluations des facteurs clefs de la pandémie (l’Optimisme) en début de crise à des surévaluations passives (la Négligence).
Les relations France-Algérie et le soulèvement du Hirak
Authors: Le Saout Didier 
Published: January 2021

Comment le soulèvement populaire de 2019 interagit-il avec les relations qu’entretiennent la France et l’Algérie ? Résultat d’une enquête sur les lieux de la protestation du Hirak à Paris, cet article présente les jeux et enjeux des diplomaties algérienne et française dans leurs constructions concurrentielles des émotions de colère, de sympathie et de culpabilité, pour interroger ensuite ces représentations officielles dans leur rapport aux émotions populaires partagées par les contestataires.
Soigner le mal par le mal : recherche-action sur la technique de l’inoculation pour limiter les résistances à un projet TI
Authors: Bou Saba Peter , Meissonier Régis 
Published: January 2021

La littérature académique propose un large éventail de méthodes de gestion du changement visant à identifier et réduire les résistances liées aux projets TI. Alors qu’en psychologie et sociologie, l’originalité de la méthode de l’inoculation a su séduire chercheurs comme praticiens, celle-ci n’a été que peu testée dans le domaine des systèmes d’information. Elle postule que de la même manière qu’un individu peut être vacciné contre un virus, il peut également s’autoprémunir d’influences négatives en s’exposant aux arguments avancés par les détracteurs du projet. La réfutation, à cet effet, consiste à fournir des arguments à l’individu pour l’aider à soutenir son attitude et à être capable de rejeter d’autres contre-argumentations à venir. Cette recherche dévoile les résultats d’une recherche-action menée pendant 3 ans auprès d’une société de conseil au sein de laquelle l’implémentation d’un système d’aide à la décision a été associée à de forts comportements de résistance face auxquels la technique de l’inoculation a été expérimentée pour en limiter les effets. Les résultats tendent à confirmer la contribution de ladite méthode sur la préservation des attitudes positives des partisans avec un effet « boomerang » relatif sur les détracteurs.
Die letzten Tage der letzten Tage der Menschheit in der Fackel
Authors: Stieg Gerald 
Published: January 2021

Die letzten Kriegsfackeln von Oktober und November 1918 konzentrieren Kraus’ satirische Attacken auf das in seinen Augen widernatürliche und verlogene Bündnis zwischen Österreich-Ungarn und Deutschland. Seine zentrale Methode ist das Zitat, das sich im moralisch-juridischen Raum der Fackel selbst richtet. Viele Glossen bieten vorbereitendes Material für Die letzten Tage der Menschheit, aber Kraus druckt auch bereits fertiggestellte Teile aus der Tragödie ab (die Hyänenszene aus der „Letzten Nacht“ und das „Lied des Alldeutschen“). Alle Themen stehen unter dem Grundvorwurf der „nackten Fälschung der Tatsachen“ durch die politische und journalistische Phrase, die vor das unerbittliche Sprachgericht der Fackel gestellt wird. Exemplarisch wird das am Beispiel des Zweibunds, der Sixtus-Affäre, der Ernährungsfrage und an einigen Eingriffen der Zensur gezeigt. In den Auszügen aus der Tragödie zeigt sich der Satiriker einerseits als Erbe der prophetisch-apokalyptischen Tradition, andererseits als Analytiker einer tollgewordenen Phraseologie.
Manganese-Doped Silica-Based Nanoparticles Promote the Efficacy of Antigen-Specific Immunotherapy
Authors: Chandra Janin , Teoh Siok Min , Kuo Paula , Tolley Lynn , Bashaw Abate Assefa , Tuong Zewen Kelvin , Liu Yang , Chen Zibin , Wells James W. , Yu Chengzhong , Frazer Ian H. , Yu Meihua 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Prophylactic human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines are commercially available for prevention of infection with cancerogenic HPV genotypes but are not able to combat pre-existing HPV-associated disease. In this study, we designed a nanomaterial-based therapeutic HPV vaccine, comprising manganese (Mn4+)-doped silica nanoparticles (Mn4+-SNPs) and the viral neoantigen peptide GF001 derived from the HPV16 E7 oncoprotein. We show in mice that Mn4+-SNPs act as self-adjuvants by activating the inflammatory signaling pathway via generation of reactive oxygen species, resulting in immune cell recruitment to the immunization site and dendritic cell maturation. Mn4+-SNPs further serve as Ag carriers by facilitating endo/lysosomal escape via depletion of protons in acidic endocytic compartments and subsequent Ag delivery to the cytosol for cross-presentation. The Mn4+-SNPs+GF001 nanovaccine induced strong E7-specific CD8+ T cell responses, leading to remission of established murine HPV16 E7-expressing solid TC-1 tumors and E7-expressing transgenic skin grafts. This vaccine construct offers a simple and general strategy for therapeutic HPV and potentially other cancer vaccines.
Blockade of PD-1/PD-L1 Pathway Enhances the Antigen-Presenting Capacity of Fibrocytes
Authors: Afroj Tania , Mitsuhashi Atsushi , Ogino Hirokazu , Saijo Atsuro , Otsuka Kenji , Yoneda Hiroto , Tobiume Makoto , Nguyen Na Thi , Goto Hisatsugu , Koyama Kazuya , Sugimoto Masamichi , Kondoh Osamu , Nokihara Hiroshi , Nishioka Yasuhiko 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Fibrocytes, a distinct population of collagen-producing, monocyte-derived cells, are involved in wound healing as well as fibrotic diseases. Recently, fibrocytes have been revealed to play a role in the tumor microenvironment, particularly under antiangiogenic therapy. In addition, combination cancer immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitor and antiangiogenic agents have been developed for various cancers in the clinical setting, although the immunological background is not clear. In the current study, we aimed to determine the function of fibrocytes in tumor immunity induced by immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Human and murine fibrocytes were generated from PBMCs and lungs, respectively. The expression of costimulatory and inhibitory molecules on fibrocytes was examined by flow cytometry. The stimulation of CD8+ T cells by fibrocytes was examined in MLRs with a 3H-thymidine incorporation assay. Fibrocytes expressed CD80low and CD86high as a costimulatory molecule, and expressed PD-L1high, but not PD-L2, as a coinhibitory molecule. Without any stimulation, fibrocytes strongly enhanced the proliferation of CD8+ T cells in mice and humans. Treatment with anti-CD86 and -CD54 Abs inhibited the growth of CD8+ T cells induced by fibrocytes. Anti–PD-L1 Ab further enhanced the proliferation of CD8+ T cells, even in the OVA-specific MLR with OT-1Rag−/− mice. Importantly, fibrocytes derived from PBMCs of patients with lung adenocarcinoma or murine MC38 tumors augmented the proliferation of CD8+ T cells with PD-L1 blockade. These results suggest that fibrocytes infiltrating tumor sites may play a role in the antitumor immunity mediated by CD8+ T cells when the activity is further enhanced by PD-L1/PD-1 blockade.
Correlation of Oral Mucositis with Timing of Radiation in Head and Neck Cancer - a Prospective Randomized Study on Chronoradiotherapy
Authors: Lavanya Lithika M , Arulponni TR 
Published: January 2021

Context:
Study to reduce oral mucositis using chronoradiotherapy.

Aims:
This study aims to assess and compare oral mucositis and weight loss between two groups of patients on radiation-morning and evening group.

Settings and Design:
Prospective randomized study.

Subjects and Methods:
Sixty-four head and neck cancer patients were enrolled in the study. They were allotted into two arms, i.e., morning-arm A and evening-arm B using randomization. Baseline weight was recorded for all the patients. Weight and the grade of mucositis were recorded weekly during radiotherapy (RT) and at 2nd and 6th week post treatment in both the arms. Mucositis was graded based on the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group acute radiation morbidity scoring criteria.

Statistical Analysis Used:
The analysis of different grades and the incidence of mucositis at weekly intervals and follow-up were compared using Chi-square test. Weight loss was compared using t-test.

Results:
The progression of mucositis to higher grades was delayed by a week in the morning arm compared to the evening arm. Arm A (morning arm) developed Grade 3 mucositis in 21.9% patients versus 25% in the arm B (evening arm).

Conclusions:
Circadian rhythm has an impact on mucositis trending toward morning RT being less toxic with delayed progression and thereby decreased weight loss and better tolerance to radiation.
To Correlate the Immunohistochemical Analysis of p16 and Ki-67 in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma with the Background of Oral Submucous Fibrosis
Authors: Yadahalli Roopa , Kheur Supriya , Reddy Mamatha , Gupta Archana 
Published: January 2021

Aim:
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a potentially malignant disorder with 7.6% of malignant transformation rate into oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The aim of the study is to assess the genetic markers p16 and ki-67 in OSF, OSCC, and OSCC with the background of OSF and control group.

Materials and Methods:
Ten cases of each group were stained with p16 and Ki-67 by immunohistochemistry technique.

Results:
Statistically significant results were found among the four groups with moderate-to-severe expression (P < 0.05) for Ki-67 and results were negative for p16 in all groups.

Conclusion:
According to our result, p16 is found not significant marker and Ki-67 can be useful as a proliferative index marker for malignancy development in oral precancerous conditions.
Knowledge Attitude and Practices of Parents Towards Oral Health Maintenance Among Their Children and Correlation with Dental Caries Experience- A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Patil Anand Nanasaheb , Karkare Swati Ramesh , Jadhav Haridas Sopan , Sirikonda Saritha , Suryawanshi Vishal Bhaidas , Patil Saylee Narayan 
Published: January 2021

Aim:
The aim of this study is to assess parent's knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) regarding their children's oral health maintenance and its correlation with dental caries experience.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 504 parents of children aged 5–10 years between September 2013 and November 2014. A self-designed pretested 15-item questionnaire was used to assess the KAP. Dental caries experience was recorded as Decayed, Missing, Filled, Teeth (DMFT) and decayed-extracted-filled teeth among the children.

Results:
Dental caries prevalence among children was 61.1%. Good KAP was reported among 23% of the parents, 64% had fair, whereas 11.5% had poor KAP. One-way ANOVA showed a significant difference (P = 0.04) in deft scores among parents having good, fair, and poor KAP. The highest deft score was found among children of parents with poor KAP. The DMFT scores did not show a significant difference between the KAP categories (P = 0.76).

Conclusion:
Better knowledge, positive attitude, and good oral health practices followed for children by the parents will reflect the good dental health status of their children.
Abnormalities of Liver Function Tests in Acute Malaria with Hepatic Involvement
Authors: Bhattacharjee Debojyoti , Mukherjee Kheya , Sarkar Rehena , Chakraborti Goutam , Das Oindrila 
Published: January 2021

Context:
Malaria is one of the major public health problems worldwide with increased morbidity and mortality. India has the fourth highest malaria burden in the world. Malaria parasite affects multiple organs of the body including liver, spleen, brain, kidney, blood vessels etc. Organ dysfunction predominantly seen in Plasmodium falciparum malaria, is not in Plasmodium vivax infections.

Aims:
The present study investigated the abnormalities of liver function test in acute cases of Plasmodium Falciparum infection.

Settings and Design:
A hospital-based case–control study conducted in a tertiary care center in West Bengal, India, for a duration of 7 months and included 53 acute falciparum malaria cases attending the outpatient department (OPD) and 47 age and sex matched patients, with complaints unrelated to the present study, as controls.

Materials and Methods:
Serum levels of bilirubin, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), alkaline phosphatase, total protein and albumin were assayed using autoanalyzer (Konelab 60i autoanalyser).

Statistical analysis used:
SPSS software version 20 (IBM, New York, USA).

Results:
In this study serum bilirubin (total, conjugated and unconjugated) SGOT, SGPT, alkaline phosphatase levels were highly significantly raised in cases with respect to controls. Levels of total protein, albumin and globulin in cases was not significantly different from the corresponding levels in controls.

Conclusions:
Hepatic function impairment in malaria is an important and potentially dangerous complication. Data from the present study can be useful for future research and also help in determining the prognosis and treatment.
A Study on the Advantages and Disadvantages of the Online Teaching Program Conducted in the Department of Anatomy, AIIMS, Raipur – Students' Perspective
Authors: John Meryl Rachel , Sharma Dhanesh Kumar , Poonuraparampil Joseph Abraham , Konuri Vijay Kumar 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Medical education in India always relied on the traditional classroom method of teaching. The current COVID pandemic brought a situation where online classes have taken precedence over the traditional classroom teaching. Here we attempt to see from the students' perspective whether online classes can replace the traditional classroom teaching.

Aims and objectives:
We aimed to study the advantages and disadvantages of online learning.

Materials and methods:
Online live streamed classes using Free Conference Call app were held in the Department of Anatomy, AIIMS Raipur. Live streaming, pre-recorded lecture videos were supplemented by cadaveric dissection videos, assignments etc posted in Google Classroom. Feedback regarding the online classes were obtained from first year undergraduate medical students using Google Forms.

Results:
A total of 72 students responded to the survey. 57 students used mobile phones to access the classes. 10 students preferred the online classes with chalk and board lecture, 23 students preferred lecture with PowerPoint presentation while the rest preferred online classes with chalk and board lecture followed by PowerPoint presentation. Out of the total (n=72) respondents, majority of them experienced technical issues which hampered their online learning experience. Owing to this reason, 43 students showed preference for pre-recorded videos over online live classes. 41.7% of the students opined that online classes should be included as a part of MBBS anatomy curriculum.

Conclusion:
Online learning in the form of live classes and recorded videos can be included as a part of routine Anatomy curriculum but it can never be a substitute for interactive face to face classroom learning and practical session.
Microanatomy of Left Internal Thoracic Artery and Left Anterior Descending Artery
Authors: Kumari T. K. , Das Lola , Renuka K , Rajeev R , Raju Nithin K. 
Published: January 2021

Introduction:
The knowledge of the microscopic structure of the left internal thoracic artery (LITA) and left anterior descending (LAD) artery can be correlated to the effectiveness of coronary artery bypass grafting using LITA graft. The objectives of the study were to study the microanatomy of the LITA and LAD artery, to compare the thickness of the wall of both arteries, and to report the elastic and muscular nature of these arteries.

Materials and Method:
Postmortem specimens of both the arteries from 50 samples of males were collected from the mortuary of Forensic Medicine, Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram. The tissues were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin and special staining. A photo micrometer was used for measuring the thickness of the wall, diameter of the lumen, and number of smooth muscles.

Results:
The mean thickness of tunica intima (TI) of LITA and LAD was 18.8 μ and 129.8 μ, respectively. The lumen diameter of LITA and LAD was 945.25 μm2 and 1653.45 μm2, respectively. The thickness of tunica media (TM) and the diameter of the lumen of LITA were increased with age. The number of smooth muscles in LITA was decreased with age. The thickness of TI, media, adventitia, and the luminal diameter of LAD were increased with age. The number of smooth muscles in LAD was decreased with age.

Conclusion:
Proximal segments of LITA had more elastic fibers arranged in concentric lamellae, especially in the outer zone. The TM of LAD has a greater number of smooth muscles and a smaller number of elastic fibers.
Clinical Significance of Origin of Cystic Artery and its Relations to Calot's Triangle
Authors: Thampi Swapna , Krishnapillai Renuka , Murugesan Revathi , Sarasammal Suja Robert , vilakom Govindapillai Umesan Kannan 
Published: January 2021

Background and Aim:
Cystic artery (CA) is one of the important structures to be ligated during cholecystectomy. Recurring complications such as hemorrhage or liver injury has attracted surgeons, radiologists, and anatomists to do research on the topic.

Materials and Methods:
Thirty-two formalized cadavers were used for this study. After opening the abdomen, lesser omentum was separated, followed by fine dissection of CA. Findings were recorded and variations were photographed. The collected data were analyzed, and the prevalence was expressed as percentage.

Results:
In 68.75%, single CA was passing through the Calot's triangle (CT), and in 4.5%, double CA was passing through the CT.

Conclusion:
Accurate knowledge of CA anatomy is essential to avoid iatrogenic extrahepatic biliary injuries in surgeries related to this region. We have focused to explore CA variations to help the surgeons and radiologists.