bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Targeting central pathway of Glucose‐Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide, Glucagon and Glucagon‐like Peptide‐1 for metabolic regulation in obesity and type 2 diabetes
Authors: Xu Zhimin , Wen Song , Dong Meiyuan , Zhou Ligang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObesity and type 2 diabetes are significant public health challenges that greatly impact global well‐being. The development of effective therapeutic strategies has become more and more concentrated on the central nervous system and metabolic regulation. The primary pharmaceutical interventions for the treatment of obesity and uncontrolled hyperglycemia are now generally considered to be incretin‐based anti‐diabetic treatments, particularly glucagon‐like peptide‐1 and glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor agonists. This is a result of their substantial influence on the central nervous system and the consequent effects on energy balance and glucose regulation. It is increasingly crucial to understand the neural pathways of these pharmaceuticals. The purpose of this review is to compile and present the most recent central pathways regarding glucagon‐like peptide‐1, glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon receptors, with a particular emphasis on central metabolic regulation.
Parent–child emotional availability, children's early emotional reflectivity skills, and social behavior in kindergarten
Authors: Sofri Inbar , Czik Amanda , Ziv Yair 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe study aims to explore a complex and multilayered dynamic, in which relationships within the family are associated with the child's relationships outside the family through the child's reflectivity.BackgroundAttachment theory posits that the mother's emotional availability toward her child influences the child's ability to understand and verbalize their own and others' feelings and that this ability is a strong predictor of children's social behavior. This remains relatively understudied during the kindergarten years.MethodThe sample included 146 kindergarten children (81 boys; mean age = 66.84 months). During a home visit, the mother–child dyad was filmed to assess emotional availability, and a researcher interviewed the child (through a storytelling procedure) to assess the child's reflectivity. Additionally, the child's main kindergarten teacher completed questionnaires reporting on the children's verbal abilities and social skills.ResultsWe found clear support for connections between the mother–child relationship quality, children's emotional reflectivity capabilities, and children's social behavior in kindergarten.ConclusionsThe findings highlight the importance of relationships within the family context and their contribution to children's early emotional skills and social behavior.ImplicationsThe study sheds light on children's emotional reflectivity and its associations with the parent–child relationship quality and kindergarten children's social skills. These associations can lead to more informed intervention programs and to emphasizing the advantages of using storytelling techniques to better understand children's emotional capacities.
Recycling boron carbide dust waste for preparing high‐performance ceramics by hot‐pressed sintering
Authors: Wang Shuai , Wei Haojie , Chen Yang , Xing Pengfei , Zhuang Yanxin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractB4C dust waste causes environmental pollution and is difficult to be recycled. This paper proposes a method of recycling B4C dust waste to fabricate high‐performance ceramics via the processes of raw material treatment and hot pressing. The characteristics of B4C dust waste are analyzed and the existing states of the impurities are detected. Dust wastes, removed different impurities via different processes, are simultaneously hot pressed at 2050°C for 15 min under 20 MPa pressure, and the microstructure and mechanical property of the fabricated ceramics are detected and compared. Results indicate that the particle size of dust waste is fine (2.7 µm), and the impurities B2O3/H3BO3, Fe, and BN exist in dust waste. The mechanical properties of the ceramics fabricated with dust wastes treated via different methods are similar or even superior to those of the commercial ceramics, and among them, the ceramics fabricated with the dust waste removed oxygen with ethanol show the excellent comprehensive performance, of which the hardness, flexural strength, and fractural toughness reach 30.78 GPa, 410 MPa, 4.3 MPa m1/2, respectively. Removing oxygen of dust waste can effectively enhance the densification, and the impurity Fe can also improve the densification owing to the formed low‐melting‐point FeB from the reaction between Fe and boron carbide in the dust waste. The pullout of FeB, BN particles, and the loosening area induced by residual stress of FeB contributes to the promotion of fracture toughness. This paper proves the feasibility of preparing high‐performance ceramics with B4C dust waste and lays a theoretical and practical foundation for the recycling and value‐added reuse of B4C dust waste, and for the low‐cost preparing of high‐performance B4C ceramics.
Chemokines in neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Vida Hashemi , Sahar Mehranfar , Nikdouz Amin , Arezoo Hosseini 
Published: December 2024

AbstractNeurodegeneration and neuroinflammation disorders are mainly the result of the deposition of various proteins, such as α‐synuclein, amyloid‐β and prions, which lead to the initiation and activation of inflammatory responses. Different chemokines are involved in the infiltration and movement of inflammatory leukocytes into the central nervous system (CNS) that express chemokine receptors. Dysregulation of several members of chemokines has been shown in the CNS, cerebrospinal fluid and peripheral blood of patients who have neurodegenerative disorders. Upon infiltration of various cells, they produce many inflammatory mediators such as cytokines. Besides them, some CNS‐resident cells, such as neurons and astrocytes, are also involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration by producing chemokines. In this review, we summarize the role of chemokines and their related receptors in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation disorders, including multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Therapeutic strategies targeting chemokines or their related receptors are also discussed in this article.
Development and Comparative Evaluation of a Reinstructed GPT‐4o Model Specialized in Periodontology
Authors: Fanelli Francesco , Saleh Muhammad , Santamaria Pasquale , Zhurakivska Khrystyna , Nibali Luigi , Troiano Giuseppe 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundArtificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to enhance healthcare practices, including periodontology, by improving diagnostics, treatment planning and patient care. This study introduces ‘PerioGPT’, a specialized AI model designed to provide up‐to‐date periodontal knowledge using GPT‐4o and a novel retrieval‐augmented generation (RAG) system.MethodsPerioGPT was evaluated in two phases. First, its performance was compared against those of five other chatbots using 50 periodontal questions from specialists, followed by a validation with 71 questions from the 2023–2024 ‘In‐Service Examination’ of the American Academy of Periodontology (AAP). The second phase focused on assessing PerioGPT's generative capacity, specifically its ability to create complex and accurate periodontal questions.ResultsPerioGPT outperformed other chatbots, achieving a higher accuracy rate (81.16%) and generating more complex and precise questions with a mean complexity score of 3.81 ± 0.965 and an accuracy score of 4.35 ± 0.898. These results demonstrate PerioGPT's potential as a leading tool for creating reliable clinical queries in periodontology.ConclusionsThis study underscores the transformative potential of AI in periodontology, illustrating that specialized models can offer significant advantages over general language models for both educational and clinical applications. The findings highlight that tailoring AI technologies to specific medical fields may improve performance and relevance.
Practical wisdom versus the virtue of care: A prototype approach to the geography of virtues
Authors: Navarini Claudia , Pijas Paweł 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to address the complex relationships within the geography of virtues. Based on the recent prototypical theories of concepts as idealized cognitive models arising from abstraction, the article argues that the relations between virtues are asymmetrical, with a prototypical virtue characterizing the whole category and specific virtues being character traits or skills derived from the prototypical virtue. It also argues that the most promising candidates for the role of prototypical virtue are phronesis (practical wisdom) and the virtue of care, for their ability to represent and elicit any virtuous behavior when the situation calls for them. It therefore confronts the two options, which embody competing perspectives. In the concluding section, it proposes two possible directions for further research to settle in favor of one of the candidates. The article can be taken as an illustration of the potential of prototype theory for analyzing ethical concepts.
Nurses' Experiences and Perceptions of P2/N95 Mask Use During the COVID‐19 Pandemic in Australia: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Edward Anie , Holton Sara , Rasmussen Bodil , Bouchoucha Stéphane L. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTExperiencing side effects when wearing N95/P2 masks has negative impacts on health workers and increases exposure to pathogens. While side effects of wearing P2/N95 masks have been reported previously, these masks have never been used as widely as during the COVID‐19 pandemic. This study examines Australian hospital nurses' experiences and perceptions of P2/N95 mask usage and its impacts on patient care at a time when P2/N95 masks were widely used. A qualitative exploratory–descriptive design involving semistructured interviews and focus groups was conducted with 12 nurses employed at a public health service in Melbourne, Australia. The data were thematically analyzed. Participants shared experiences resulted in four themes derived from the data: “adverse health impacts,” “occupational challenges caused by scarcity of P2/N95 masks,” “impact of wearing P2/N95 masks on patient care and work practices,” and “adaptive strategies to improve patient care.” Nurses experienced notable adverse effects from P2/N95 masks, affecting patient care quality. This study's findings underscore the importance of enhancing training, education, and policies regarding mask usage to uphold high standards of patient care and reduce exposure to pathogens.
Heavy atom effects on synthetic pyranoanthocyanin analogues
Authors: Martins Lucas M. O. S. , Silva Gustavo T. M. , Hess Lucas F. S. , Barbosa Alexandre B. , Turro Claudia , Baptista Mauricio S. , Quina Frank H. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPyranoflavylium cations are synthetic analogues of pyranoanthocyanins, the much more color‐stable compounds that are formed spontaneously from grape anthocyanins during the maturation of red wines. In the present work, our studies of the photophysical properties of pyranoanthocyanin analogues are extended to include nine pyranoflavylium cations substituted with one or two bromo and/or iodo heavy atoms. The room temperature fluorescence, 77 K fluorescence and phosphorescence, triplet formation in solution, and sensitized singlet oxygen formation, with excited state acidity suppressed by the addition of trifluoroacetic acid, are compared to those of similar pyranoflavylium cations that do not contain a heavy atom. Heavy atom effects on the photophysics of the S1 state of pyranoflavylium cations are found to be relatively small, which is attributed to the nodal properties of the orbitals involved, which prevent effective mixing of the spin‐orbit coupling on the heavy atoms into the excited singlet state, S1, of the pyranoflavylium chromophore. Heavy atom effects on the phosphorescence of these heavy atom‐substituted pyranoflavylium cations at 77 K are somewhat larger, consistent with a spin‐orbit coupling‐induced increase in the radiative rate constant for phosphorescence, as are the triplet‐sensitized singlet oxygen formation quantum yields in fluid solution.
Public entrepreneurial opportunities: How institutional logics shape public servants' opportunity evaluation
Authors: Gullmark Petter , Clausen Tommy Høyvarde , Gümüsay Ali Aslan , Alsos Gry Agnete 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWhich entrepreneurial opportunities do public servants find appealing, and what influences their evaluation? Our investigation of 14 Norwegian municipal entrepreneurial projects indicates that public servants positively assess the attractiveness of welfare, economic, and participatory opportunities. Their evaluations are shaped by public sector logics. Our contribution is twofold: first, we connect the discourse on entrepreneurial opportunities with that of institutional logics, demonstrating that evaluations of public entrepreneurial opportunities depend on the presence and hierarchy of state, market, and community logics. This underscores the limited yet meaningful agency of public servants in these evaluations. Second, we illuminate underexplored public entrepreneurial opportunities by proposing a taxonomy that categorizes them based on the interplay of state, market, and community logics.
The impact of capitation on health insurance membership and the provision of care in Ghana
Authors: Bayong Bintu , Watson Barry 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTo address escalating health care costs, in 2012, Ghana piloted a capitation model in Ashanti. Employing a difference‐in‐differences method, we use data from 2010 to 2014 to examine the impact of capitation on insurance membership and the provision of care. Relative to control districts, capitation reduced membership by 39%, along with total outpatient usage (48%) and cost (38%). However, per‐member usage did not change, and per‐member cost increased. Additionally, given rising inpatient cost (an avenue not affected by capitation), there is some evidence of a cost‐shift. Capitation also had an inequitable impact, particularly reducing membership among the poor.
The Phenomenology and Epistemology of Existence
Authors: Zanetti Luca 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTMost of the time we see how objects are, but sometimes we see that they are. When we see that some object exists, it seems rational to ground our judgement that it exists on the basis of this experience. How do we explain these observations? A Lockean View says that it is possible to represent the property of existence in perceptual experience and that we ground our perceptual existential judgements on this basis. A Humean View says that it is not possible to represent the property of existence in experience and that we ground our perceptual existential judgements on perceptual experiences that represent objects as having some other properties that indicate their existence. In this article, I shall argue that both views face formidable challenges. A Lockean View faces Hume's Challenge, that is, it seems that there is no property of existence represented in perceptual experience. A Humean View faces the Epistemic Gap Challenge, that is, it is hard to explain the rationality of perceptual existential judgements if they are grounded on experiences that do not represent things as having the property of existence.
On the Lane–Emden conjecture with convolution part
Authors: Du Lele , Li Xiang , Yang Minbo 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe study the Hartree type Lane–Emden conjecture, which states the nonexistence of the positive classical solutions for the following Hartree type system
where , and satisfy
We use elliptic methods to provide partially positive answers as an extension of the classical Lane–Emden conjecture. We also identify the regions where nonexistence occurs in relation to this nonlocal problem. The theorems in the present paper extend the results for the famous Lane–Emden conjecture studied in the references (Mitidieri, Comm. Partial Differential Equations, 18 (1993), 125–151; Serrin and Zou, Differential Integral Equations, 9(1996), 635–653).
Changes in the cortical GABAergic inhibitory system with ageing and ageing‐related neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Taube Wolfgang , Lauber Benedikt 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe human cortical inhibitory system is known to play a vital role for normal brain development, function, and plasticity. GABA is the most prominent inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS and is a key regulator not only for motor control and motor learning, but also for cognitive processes. With ageing and many neurodegenerative pathologies, a decline in GABAergic function in several cortical regions together with a reduced ability to task‐specifically modulate and increase inhibition in the primary motor cortex has been observed. This decline in intracortical inhibition is associated with impaired motor control but also with diminished motor‐cognitive (i.e. dual‐tasking) and cognitive performance (e.g. executive functions). Furthermore, more general well‐being such as sleep quality, stress resistance or non‐specific pain perception are also associated with reduced GABA functioning. The current review highlights the interplay between changes in GABAergic function and changes in motor control, motor‐cognitive and cognitive performance associated with healthy ageing, as well as in seniors with neurodegenerative diseases such as mild cognitive impairment. Furthermore, recent evidence highlighting the ability to up‐ or downregulate cortical inhibition by means of physical exercise programs is presented and discussed.
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Excessive hypercholesterolaemia during pregnancy as a risk factor for endothelial dysfunction in pre‐eclampsia
Authors: de Oliveira Amanda A. , Spaans Floor , Cooke Christy‐Lynn M. , Davidge Sandra T. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPregnancy induces significant changes in the maternal cardiovascular system, and insufficient vascular endothelial adaptations to pregnancy contribute to the development of pregnancy complications such as pre‐eclampsia. Pre‐eclampsia is not only a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality, but also a significant risk factor for the development of later‐life cardiovascular disease. However, the specific mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of pre‐eclampsia, as well as the mechanisms for an increased susceptibility to cardiovascular disease later in life, are not fully characterized. In this review, we discuss the concept that excessive pregnancy‐specific dyslipidaemia, particularly hypercholesterolaemia, is a significant risk factor for the development of pre‐eclampsia. We further outline novel potential mechanisms (i.e. oxidized low‐density lipoprotein receptor 1 and toll‐like receptor 4) underlying endothelial dysfunction induced by excessively high cholesterol levels during pregnancy (in the context of pre‐eclampsia), in addition to discussing the overall implications of having had a pregnancy complicated by pre‐eclampsia on later‐life maternal vascular health. Determining the mechanisms by which excessive, pregnancy‐specific dyslipidaemia/hypercholesterolaemia impact maternal endothelial health in pregnancy, and later in life, will create a window of opportunity to diagnose and develop targeted therapy for a susceptible population of women, aiming to ultimately reduce the societal burden of cardiovascular disease.
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Influence of pericardium on ventricular mechanical interdependence in an isolated biventricular working pig heart model
Authors: Vaillant Fanny , Abell Emma , Bear Laura R. , Caluori Guido , Belterman Charly , Coronel Ruben , Ploux Sylvain , Santos Pierre Dos 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe pericardium plays an important role in mechanical interactions between the right (RV) and left (LV) ventricles, referred to as ventricular interdependence. However, the exact mechanisms of its supportive role remain unknown. The present study aimed to evaluate specifically ventricular interdependence in a model of isolated biventricular working heart of large mammal, which is in absence of neurohormonal influence or series interactions, and to evaluate the impacts of intact pericardium on this phenomenon. Pig hearts were excised with the pericardium intact and connected to a biventricular working mode setup. Low and high ventricular preloads and afterloads were imposed on the hearts by changing independently the left (LA) and right (RA) atrial pressures, or the aortic (Ao) and pulmonary artery (PA) pressures, respectively, in the presence or absence of an intact pericardium. In the presence of the pericardium, increasing atrial pressures mainly impacted the ipsilateral ventricular haemodynamics, including an increase in ventricular outflow and end‐diastolic pressures, independent of the contralateral atrial pressure. LV haemodynamics were also mainly altered by the increase in the ipsilateral afterload (Ao pressure). By contrast, RV haemodynamics, including the PA flow, were not only affected by increasing its ipsilateral (PA pressure), but also by its contralateral (Ao pressure) ventricular afterload. The preload but not afterload‐dependent effects were abolished after removing the pericardium. Our work indicates that RV haemodynamics are highly impacted by the pericardiectomy. This highlights the requirement of keeping the pericardium intact to explore accurately cardiac haemodynamics, particularly in the RV.
imageKey points
Pericardium has an important role in maintaining mechanical interventricular interaction, even if it is not essential for life.
We used an ex vivo biventricular working pig heart model to explore intrinsic ventricular responses to independent variations of left and right preload and afterload, in the presence and absence of the pericardium.
We show that, in the presence of the pericardium, the right ventricular haemodynamics is impacted by the ipsilateral preload as well as the ipsi‐ and contralateral afterloads, whereas the left ventricular haemodynamics is only impacted by its ipsilateral pre‐ and afterload.
The preload but not afterload‐dependent effects are abolished after removing the pericardium.
These results demonstrate a critical function of the pericardium in maintaining RV haemodynamics, as well as preload‐dependent ventricular interactions.