bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The European bifurcation club Left Main Coronary Stent study: a randomized comparison of stepwise provisional vs. systematic dual stenting strategies (EBC MAIN)
Authors: Hildick-Smith David , Egred Mohaned , Banning Adrian , Brunel Philippe , Ferenc Miroslaw , Hovasse Thomas , Wlodarczak Adrian , Pan Manuel , Schmitz Thomas , Silvestri Marc , Erglis Andreis , Kretov Evgeny , Lassen Jens Flensted , Chieffo Alaide , Lefèvre Thierry , Burzotta Francesco , Cockburn James , Darremont Olivier , Stankovic Goran , Morice Marie-Claude , Louvard Yves 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Patients with non-left-main coronary bifurcation lesions are usually best treated with a stepwise provisional approach. However, patients with true left main stem bifurcation lesions have been shown in one dedicated randomized study to benefit from systematic dual stent implantation.

Methods and results
Four hundred and sixty-seven patients with true left main stem bifurcation lesions requiring intervention were recruited to the EBC MAIN study in 11 European countries. Patients were aged 71 ± 10 years; 77% were male. Patients were randomly allocated to a stepwise layered provisional strategy (n = 230) or a systematic dual stent approach (n = 237). The primary endpoint (a composite of death, myocardial infarction, and target lesion revascularization at 12 months) occurred in 14.7% of the stepwise provisional group vs. 17.7% of the systematic dual stent group (hazard ratio 0.8, 95% confidence interval 0.5–1.3; P = 0.34). Secondary endpoints were death (3.0% vs. 4.2%, P = 0.48), myocardial infarction (10.0% vs. 10.1%, P = 0.91), target lesion revascularization (6.1% vs. 9.3%, P = 0.16), and stent thrombosis (1.7% vs. 1.3%, P = 0.90), respectively. Procedure time, X-ray dose and consumables favoured the stepwise provisional approach. Symptomatic improvement was excellent and equal in each group.

Conclusions
Among patients with true bifurcation left main stem stenosis requiring intervention, fewer major adverse cardiac events occurred with a stepwise layered provisional approach than with planned dual stenting, although the difference was not statistically significant. The stepwise provisional strategy should remain the default for distal left main stem bifurcation intervention.

Study registration
http://clinicaltrials.gov NCT02497014.
Effects of ferrous iron supplementation on reductive dechlorination of tetrachloroethene and on methanogenic microbial community
Authors: Yoshikawa Miho , Zhang Ming , Kawabe Yoshishige , Katayama Taiki 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
Chloroethenes are common soil and groundwater pollutants. Their dechlorination is impacted by environmental factors, such as the presence of metal ions. We here investigated the effect of ferrous iron on bacterial reductive dechlorination of chloroethenes and on methanogen community. Reductive dechlorination of tetrachloroethene was assayed with a groundwater sample originally containing 6.3 × 103 copies mL−1 of Dehalococcoides 16S rRNA gene and 2 mg L−1 of iron. Supplementation with 28 mg L−1 of ferrous iron enhanced the reductive dechlorination of cis-dichloroethene (cis-DCE) and vinyl chloride in the presence of methanogens. The supplementation shortened the time required for complete dechlorination of 1 mg L−1 of tetrachloroethene to ethene and ethane from 84 to 49 d. Methanogens, such as Candidatus ‘Methanogranum’, Methanomethylovorans and Methanocorpusculum, were significantly more abundant in iron-supplemented cultures than in non-supplemented cultures (P &lt; 0.01). Upon methanogen growth inhibition by 2-bromoethanesulfonate and in the absence of iron supplementation, cis-DCE was not dechlorinated. Further, iron supplementation induced 71.3% dechlorination of cis-DCE accompanied by an increase in Dehalococcoides 16S rRNA and dehalogenase vcrA gene copies but not dehalogenase tceA gene copies. These observations highlight the cooperative effect of iron and methanogens on the reductive dechlorination of chloroethenes by Dehalococcoides spp.
Bioengineered Kidney Models: Methods and Functional Assessments
Authors: Rizki-Safitri Astia , Traitteur Tamara , Morizane Ryuji 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Investigations into bioengineering kidneys have been extensively conducted owing to their potential for preclinical assays and regenerative medicine. Various approaches and methods have been developed to improve the structure and function of bioengineered kidneys. Assessments of functional properties confirm the adequacy of bioengineered kidneys for multipurpose translational applications. This review is to summarize the studies performed in kidney bioengineering in the past decade. We identified 84 original articles from PubMed and Mendeley with keywords of kidney organoid or kidney tissue engineering. Those were categorized into 5 groups based on their approach: de-/recellularization of kidney, reaggregation of kidney cells, kidney organoids, kidney in scaffolds, and kidney-on-a-chip. These models were physiologically assessed by filtration, tubular reabsorption/secretion, hormone production, and nephrotoxicity. We found that bioengineered kidney models have been developed from simple cell cultures to multicellular systems to recapitulate kidney function and diseases. Meanwhile, only about 50% of these studies conducted functional assessments on their kidney models. Factors including cell composition and organization are likely to alter the applicability of physiological assessments in bioengineered kidneys. Combined with recent technologies, physiological assessments importantly contribute to the improvement of the bioengineered kidney model toward repairing and refunctioning the damaged kidney.
Mutational Signatures of Replication Timing and Epigenetic Modification Persist through the Global Divergence of Mutation Spectra across the Great Ape Phylogeny
Authors: Goldberg Michael E , Harris Kelley 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Great ape clades exhibit variation in the relative mutation rates of different three-base-pair genomic motifs, with closely related species having more similar mutation spectra than distantly related species. This pattern cannot be explained by classical demographic or selective forces, but imply that DNA replication fidelity has been perturbed in different ways on each branch of the great ape phylogeny. Here, we use whole-genome variation from 88 great apes to investigate whether these species’ mutation spectra are broadly differentiated across the entire genome, or whether mutation spectrum differences are driven by DNA compartments that have particular functional features or chromatin states. We perform principal component analysis (PCA) and mutational signature deconvolution on mutation spectra ascertained from compartments defined by features including replication timing and ancient repeat content, finding evidence for consistent species-specific mutational signatures that do not depend on which functional compartments the spectra are ascertained from. At the same time, we find that many compartments have their own characteristic mutational signatures that appear stable across the great ape phylogeny. For example, in a mutation spectrum PCA compartmentalized by replication timing, the second principal component explaining 21.2% of variation separates all species’ late-replicating regions from their early-replicating regions. Our results suggest that great ape mutation spectrum evolution is not driven by epigenetic changes that modify mutation rates in specific genomic regions, but instead by trans-acting mutational modifiers that affect mutagenesis across the whole genome fairly uniformly.
Digital Consumer Contract Law without Prejudice to Copyright: EU Digital Content Directive, Reasonable Consumer Expectations and Competition
Authors: Oprysk Liliia 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The EU Digital Content Directive sets out to facilitate the cross-border distribution of digital content and ensure a high level of consumer protection by harmonising certain aspects concerning contracts for the supply of digital content. The Directive acknowledges the variety of licensing agreements involved in the distribution of digital content, such as between the holders of intellectual property rights, intermediaries and end-users. It is recognised that the consumer’s use of digital content could be restricted under end-user licensing agreements pursuant to intellectual property rights; at the same time, the Directive is without prejudice to other EU law, including copyright. Rather, under Art. 10, the consumer is entitled to remedies from the trader of digital content for lack of conformity where restrictions resulting from a violation of intellectual property rights prevent or limit the use of the content. As the traders of digital content frequently are not the owners of intellectual property rights but rely themselves on a licence, the question arises as to the potential implications of Art. 10 for digital content markets. This paper discusses two such potential implications. The first is whether the efforts to safeguard reasonable consumer expectations could be undermined by the Directive leaving the arrangements between traders and intellectual property right holders out of scope. The second is whether Art. 10 could reinforce the network effects and dominant position of the established players on the market.
Does the solution used for cold static storage of hearts impact on heart transplant survival?
Authors: Pannekoek Adrian , Ali Umar 
Published: May 2021

Summary
A best evidence topic in cardiac surgery was written according to a structured protocol. The question addressed was ‘For the [cold static storage of donor hearts] does the [cardiac preservation solution] impact on [heart transplant survival]?’. Altogether 182 papers were found using the reported search, of which 9 represented the best evidence to answer the clinical question. The authors, journal, date and country of publication, patient group studied, study type, relevant outcomes and results of these papers are tabulated. A wide variety of both custom and standardized cardiac preservation solutions are used for the procurement and cold static storage of donor hearts. In heart transplants with shorter cold ischaemic times, survival outcomes appear similar across many of the common cardiac preservation solutions in the long term. However, unspecified cardioplegia (with supraphysiological potassium concentration) is not supported as the final storage solution as it was associated with worse outcomes overall. In the short term, intracellular solutions (&lt;70 mEq/l sodium; including University of Wisconsin solution) may also have better survival outcomes than extracellular solutions. Where extended ischaemic times (&gt;4 h) are necessary or high-risk grafts obtained, the evidence supports University of Wisconsin as the preferred solution. We concluded that choice of cardiac preservation solution could impact both survival and secondary outcomes.
Analysis of deep borehole heat exchanger with horizontal branch wells for building heating
Authors: Li Huashan , Huang Sihao , Bu Xianbiao , Wang Lingbao 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The development and application of enhanced geothermal system and hydrothermal system are constrained due to high cost and high risk of induced seismicity or heavily reliance on hot water reservoir. Deep borehole heat exchanger (DBHE) technology is independent of hot water reservoir and hydraulic fracturing; however, the poor thermal conductivity of rocks limits its performance improvement. To deal with these problems, a novel technology for acquiring geothermal energy using DBHE with horizontal branch wells (DBHE-HBW) is proposed here. It is found that DBHE-HBW has better performance than DBHE and, under the condition of nearly equal total cross-sectional area of well tube, the smaller the horizontal well tube diameter, the greater the thermal output and the shorter the payback period of DBHE-HBW. Therefore, DBHE-HBW can be recommended for large-scale application in building heating sector.
Repeated point prevalence survey on antimicrobial use in a university hospital: what have we learned?
Authors: Belančić Andrej , Stanić Benić Mirjana , Skočibušić Nataša , Palčevski Dora , Vlahović-Palčevski Vera 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate the quality of antimicrobial prescribing, at the Department of Internal Medicine University Hospital Centre Rijeka, by assessing the necessity for antimicrobial treatment and adherence to the local Guidelines for hospital antimicrobial drug use and to compare results with previously conducted point prevalence surveys (PPSs).

Methods
A PPS was conducted on 7th May 2019. Demographic and relevant clinical data of each patient receiving systemic antimicrobials were recorded anonymously in a patient-specific form. The appropriateness of antibiotic prescribing was assessed as adherence to the fourth edition of the Guidelines for hospital antimicrobial drug use.

Key findings
One hundred and seventy-one patients were hospitalized at the Department of Internal Medicine; 37.4% (n = 64) of patients received 102 prescriptions for an antimicrobial drug [62.8% (n = 64) of prescriptions were for intravenous and 37.2% (n = 38) for oral administration]. Of these, 52 were treated for an identified existing infection, 5 were treated for an unknown indication and 7 received antibiotics as prophylaxis. The necessity for antimicrobial treatment was unclear in 19.3% (n = 11) of cases. The antimicrobials were prescribed according to the Guidelines in 65.4% (n = 34) of cases. Adherence to the Guidelines when treating lower respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections and gastrointestinal tract infections was 47.8%, 55.6% and 92.9%, respectively.

Conclusions
Our study revealed antibiotic prescription frequency similar to EU/EEA average and high percentage of unjustified antimicrobial treatment introduction. The rate of adherence to the Guidelines was lower than those observed in western countries. The results lay a basis for tailoring antimicrobial stewardship programs/activities.
Insights into therapeutic targets and biomarkers using integrated multi-‘omics’ approaches for dilated and ischemic cardiomyopathies
Authors: Kanapeckaitė Austė , Burokienė Neringa 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
At present, heart failure (HF) treatment only targets the symptoms based on the left ventricle dysfunction severity; however, the lack of systemic ‘omics’ studies and available biological data to uncover the heterogeneous underlying mechanisms signifies the need to shift the analytical paradigm towards network-centric and data mining approaches. This study, for the first time, aimed to investigate how bulk and single cell RNA-sequencing as well as the proteomics analysis of the human heart tissue can be integrated to uncover HF-specific networks and potential therapeutic targets or biomarkers. We also aimed to address the issue of dealing with a limited number of samples and to show how appropriate statistical models, enrichment with other datasets as well as machine learning-guided analysis can aid in such cases. Furthermore, we elucidated specific gene expression profiles using transcriptomic and mined data from public databases. This was achieved using the two-step machine learning algorithm to predict the likelihood of the therapeutic target or biomarker tractability based on a novel scoring system, which has also been introduced in this study. The described methodology could be very useful for the target or biomarker selection and evaluation during the pre-clinical therapeutics development stage as well as disease progression monitoring. In addition, the present study sheds new light into the complex aetiology of HF, differentiating between subtle changes in dilated cardiomyopathies (DCs) and ischemic cardiomyopathies (ICs) on the single cell, proteome and whole transcriptome level, demonstrating that HF might be dependent on the involvement of not only the cardiomyocytes but also on other cell populations. Identified tissue remodelling and inflammatory processes can be beneficial when selecting targeted pharmacological management for DCs or ICs, respectively.
Regulation of systemic metabolism by the autonomic nervous system consisting of afferent and efferent innervation
Authors: Imai Junta , Katagiri Hideki 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Autonomic nerves, sympathetic and parasympathetic, innervate organs and modulate their functions. It has become evident that afferent and efferent signals of the autonomic nervous system play important roles in regulating systemic metabolism, thereby maintaining homeostasis at the whole-body level. Vagal afferent nerves receive signals, such as nutrients and hormones, from the peripheral organs/tissues including the gastrointestinal tract and adipose tissue then transmit these signals to the hypothalamus, thereby regulating feeding behavior. In addition to roles in controlling appetite, areas in the hypothalamus serve as regulatory centers of both sympathetic and parasympathetic efferent fibers. These efferent innervations regulate the functions of peripheral organs/tissues, such as pancreatic islets, adipose tissues and the liver, which play roles in metabolic regulation. Furthermore, recent evidence has unraveled the metabolic regulatory systems governed by autonomic nerve circuits. In these systems, afferent nerves transmit metabolic information from peripheral organs to the central nervous system (CNS) and the CNS thereby regulates the organ functions through the efferent fibers of autonomic nerves. Thus, the autonomic nervous system regulates the homeostasis of systemic metabolism, and both afferent and efferent fibers play critical roles in its regulation. In addition, several lines of evidence demonstrate the roles of the autonomic nervous system in regulating and dysregulating the immune system. This review introduces variety of neuron-mediated inter-organ cross-talk systems and organizes the current knowledge of autonomic control/coordination of systemic metabolism, focusing especially on a liver–brain–pancreatic β-cell autonomic nerve circuit, as well as highlighting the potential importance of connections with the neuronal and immune systems.
Separating planetary reflex Doppler shifts from stellar variability in the wavelength domain
Authors: Collier Cameron A , Ford E B , Shahaf S , Aigrain S , Dumusque X , Haywood R D , Mortier A , Phillips D F , Buchhave L , Cecconi M , Cegla H , Cosentino R , Crétignier M , Ghedina A , González M , Latham D W , Lodi M , López-Morales M , Micela G , Molinari E , Pepe F , Piotto G , Poretti E , Queloz D , Juan J San , Ségransan D , Sozzetti A , Szentgyorgyi A , Thompson S , Udry S , Watson C 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
Stellar magnetic activity produces time-varying distortions in the photospheric line profiles of solar-type stars. These lead to systematic errors in high-precision radial-velocity measurements, which limit efforts to discover and measure the masses of low-mass exoplanets with orbital periods of more than a few tens of days. We present a new data-driven method for separating Doppler shifts of dynamical origin from apparent velocity variations arising from variability-induced changes in the stellar spectrum. We show that the autocorrelation function (ACF) of the cross-correlation function used to measure radial velocities is effectively invariant to translation. By projecting the radial velocities on to a subspace labelled by the observation identifiers and spanned by the amplitude coefficients of the ACF’s principal components, we can isolate and subtract velocity perturbations caused by stellar magnetic activity. We test the method on a 5-yr time sequence of 853 daily 15-min observations of the solar spectrum from the HARPS-N instrument and solar-telescope feed on the 3.58-m Telescopio Nazionale Galileo. After removal of the activity signals, the heliocentric solar velocity residuals are found to be Gaussian and nearly uncorrelated. We inject synthetic low-mass planet signals with amplitude K = 40 cm s−1 into the solar observations at a wide range of orbital periods. Projection into the orthogonal complement of the ACF subspace isolates these signals effectively from solar activity signals. Their semi-amplitudes are recovered with a precision of ∼ 6.6 cm s−1, opening the door to Doppler detection and characterization of terrestrial-mass planets around well-observed, bright main-sequence stars across a wide range of orbital periods.
Simulating the dynamics and synchrotron emission from relativistic jets – II. Evolution of non-thermal electrons
Authors: Mukherjee Dipanjan , Bodo Gianluigi , Rossi Paola , Mignone Andrea , Vaidya Bhargav 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
We have simulated the evolution of non-thermal cosmic ray electrons (CREs) in 3D relativistic magneto hydrodynamic (MHD) jets evolved up to a height of 9 kpc. The CREs have been evolved in space and in energy concurrently with the relativistic jet fluid, duly accounting for radiative losses and acceleration at shocks. We show that jets stable to MHD instabilities show expected trends of regular flow of CREs in the jet spine and acceleration at a hotspot followed by a settling backflow. However, unstable jets create complex shock structures at the jet head (kink instability), the jet spine-cocoon interface, and the cocoon itself (Kelvin–Helmholtz modes). CREs after exiting jet head undergo further shock crossings in such scenarios and are re-accelerated in the cocoon. CREs with different trajectories in turbulent cocoons have different evolutionary history with different spectral parameters. Thus, at the same spatial location, there is mixing of different CRE populations, resulting in a complex total CRE spectrum when averaged over a given area. Cocoons of unstable jets can have an excess build up of energetic electrons due to re-acceleration at turbulence driven shocks and slowed expansion of the decelerated jet. This will add to the non-thermal energy budget of the cocoon.
The case of organic dairy conversion in Norway: Assessment of multivariate neighbourhood effects
Authors: Marton Tibor A , Storm Hugo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study examines the impact of neighbourhood effects and individual farm characteristics on the decision process of organic dairy conversion in Norway, using a unique, spatially explicit farm-level panel set comprising information at the population level from 2003 to 2015. Our results reveal a positive spatial spillover of neighbouring conversion, confirming previous findings. Additionally, we demonstrate that neighbouring organic dairy reversion (i.e. switching back to conventional dairy farming) and organic dairy exits (ceasing to farm altogether) exert notable negative spatial spillovers on organic conversion decisions that have not yet been shown in the literature. If organic dairy production is an important policy goal, such negative spatial spillover requires consideration within policy design and extension.