bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermodynamic Relations at the Coupling Boundary in Adaptive Resolution Simulations for Open Systems
Authors: Gholami Abbas , Höfling Felix , Klein Rupert , Delle Site Luigi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe adaptive resolution simulation (AdResS) technique couples regions with different molecular resolutions and allows the exchange of molecules between different regions in an adaptive fashion. The latest development of the technique allows to abruptly couple the atomistically resolved region with a region of non‐interacting point‐like particles. The abrupt set‐up is derived having in mind the idea of the atomistically resolved region as an open system embedded in a large reservoir at a given macroscopic state. In this work, starting from the idea of open systems, the authors derive thermodynamic relations for AdResS which justify conceptually and numerically the claim of AdResS as a technique for simulating open systems. In particular, the relation between the chemical potential of the AdResS set‐up and that of its reference fully atomistic simulation is derived. The implication of this result is that the grand potential of AdResS can be explicitly written and thus, from a statistical mechanics point of view, the atomistically resolved region of AdResS can be identified with a well‐defined open system.
Aicardi‐Goutières syndrome may present with positive newborn screen for X‐linked adrenoleukodystrophy
Authors: Tise Christina G. , Morales Jose Andres , Lee Ariel S. , Velez‐Bartolomei Frances , Floyd Brendan J. , Levy Rebecca J. , Cusmano‐Ozog Kristina P. , Feigenbaum Annette S. , Ruzhnikov Maura R. Z. , Lee Chung U. , Enns Gregory M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe report three unrelated probands, two male and one female, diagnosed with Aicardi‐Goutières syndrome (AGS) after screening positive on California newborn screening (CA NBS) for X‐linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X‐ALD) due to elevated C26:0 lysophosphatidylcholine (C26:0‐LPC). Follow‐up evaluation was notable for elevated C26:0, C26:1, and C26:0/C22:0 ratio, and normal red blood cell plasmalogens levels in all three probands. Diagnoses were confirmed by molecular sequencing prior to 12 months of age after clinical evaluation was inconsistent with X‐ALD or suggestive of AGS. For at least one proband, the early diagnosis of AGS enabled candidacy for enrollment into a therapeutic clinical trial. This report demonstrates the importance of including AGS on the differential diagnosis for individuals who screen positive for X‐ALD, particularly infants with abnormal neurological features, as this age of onset would be highly unusual for X‐ALD. While AGS is not included on the Recommended Universal Screening Panel, affected individuals can be identified early through state NBS programs so long as providers are aware of a broader differential that includes AGS. This report is timely, as state NBS algorithms for X‐ALD are actively being established, implemented, and refined.
Exploring the personal, programmatic and market barriers to choice in the NDIS for people with psychosocial disability
Authors: Wilson Erin , Campain Robert , Pollock Sarah , Brophy Lisa , Stratford Anthony 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to inform the design of individualised funding schemes via an examination of discourses and experiences of choice related to people with psychosocial disability. Mind Australia, in partnership with Deakin University, interviewed 22 individuals with psychosocial disability who are recipients of individual funding packages in three National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) trial sites across Australia. This research involved examining the policy and assumptions of choice under the NDIS, as well as the experience of undertaking choice through individualised funding arrangements which position people with psychosocial disability as consumers in a market place of service provision. The findings demonstrate that choice is an ongoing activity and that at every stage personal, programmatic and market barriers impact individuals’ capacity to maximise choice. The intent of government policy to provide choice to individual funding recipients based on an optimally functioning market place with empowered self‐actualising individuals collides with a complex reality where barriers abound at every stage of the choice making process. Enhancing choice making of people with psychosocial disability within the NDIS requires governments and services to explicitly address the personal, programmatic and market‐based barriers to choice.
Solvent extraction process design using deep reinforcement learning
Authors: Plathottam Siby Jose , Richey Blake , Curry Gregory , Cresko Joe , Iloeje Chukwunwike O. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMany chemical manufacturing and separations processes like solvent extraction comprise hierarchically complex configurations of functional process units. With increasing complexity, strategies that rely on heuristics become less reliable for design optimization. In this study, we explore deep reinforcement learning for mapping the space of feasible designs to find an optimization strategy that can match or exceed the performance of conventional optimization. To this end, we implement a highly configurable learning environment for the solvent design process to which we can couple state‐of‐the‐art deep reinforcement learning agents. We evaluate the trained agents against the heuristic optimization for the solvent process design tasked to optimize recovery efficiency and product purity. Results demonstrated the agent successfully learned the strategy for predicting comparably optimal solvent extraction process designs for varying combinations of feed compositions.
Citric acid modified waste cigarette filters for adsorptive removal of methylene blue dye from aqueous solution
Authors: Tehrim Aafia , Dai Min , Wu Xiange , Umair Malik Muhammad , Ali Imran , Amjed Muhammad Ahsan , Rong Rong , Javaid Sheikh Fahad , Peng Changsheng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWaste cigarette filters (CFs) were recycled and modified with a nontoxic and low‐cost citric acid (CA). The modified CFs were employed in the adsorptive removal of methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous medium. The influence of pH, contact time, initial dye concentration, and adsorbent dose on adsorption of MB dye was evaluated. The adsorption studies were conducted by employing linear and nonlinear Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The adsorption capacity of CF obtained through linear and nonlinear Langmuir model were 88.02 and 94 mg g−1, which improved up to 163.93 and 168.81 mg g−1, respectively, after the introduction of functional groups in CF‐CA. The adsorption kinetics data were well fitted by pseudo‐second order kinetics with coefficient of regression (R2) closed to unity. The removal efficiency of CF‐CA was 97% at equilibrium time of 4 h. Desorption studies indicated that CF‐CA could be regenerated by using HCl (0.1 M) and desorption efficiency was up to 82% upon second cycle of reusability experiment. This study proposed a green and economical use of recycled CFs in dyes wastewater treatment, simultaneously reducing the negative environmental impact due to their improper disposal.
Diagnostic value of high‐risk human papillomavirus viral load on cervical lesion assessment and ASCUS triage
Authors: Wang Min , Hou Bo , Wang Xianzhen , Han Lu , Shi Yulin , Zhang Yi , Zhang Lili , Liu Lili , Jin Fen , Zhang Yi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study aims to evaluate HR‐HPV viral load in the cervical lesion assessment and its diagnostic value on the triage of ASCUS. The three‐step protocol for cervical cancer screening was carried out in 5171 patients from June 2017 to August 2019, and 1620 histopathological results were obtained. The positive rate of HR‐HPV and TCT increased with the aggravation of pathological grades of cervical lesions. The sensitivity and specificity of HR‐HPV (DH3) to detect CIN II+ were 91.91% and 84.46%, respectively. In comparison, the corresponding results of the cytology test were 80.51% and 83.12%. HPV16/18 viral load was positively correlated with the grade of cervical lesions (p < 0.001, r = 0.321). The diagnostic efficiency of AUC by applying HPV16/18 viral load was 0.682 for the diagnosis of CIN II+. The optimal HPV16/18 viral load for predicting CIN II+ was 6.80 RLU/CO (relative light units/cut‐off), with corresponding sensitivity of 48.6%, specificity of 79.7%, and Youden index of 0.283. In the ASCUS population, viral loads were statistically different in HPV16/18 and the other 12 HR‐HPV when compared cervicitis group with CIN I group and CIN II+ group (all p < 0.05). Statistical differences were detected concerning HPV16/18 viral load, contact bleeding status, and smoking status when compared cervicitis group with CIN I group and CIN II+ group (p < 0.05), with a corresponding odds ratio of 1.004, 1.533, and 5.513, respectively. Our findings suggest that HR‐HPV viral load can be regarded as a useful tool to predict the grade of cervical lesions for ASCUS triage.ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03178136.
Micro‐morphological feature visualization, auto‐classification, and evolution quantitative analysis of tumors by using SR‐PCT
Authors: Wei Gong‐Xiang , Liu Yun‐Yan , Ji Xue‐Wen , Li Qiao‐Xin , Xing Yan , Xue Yan‐Ling , Liu Hui‐Qiang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTissue micro‐morphological abnormalities and interrelated quantitative data can provide immediate evidences for tumorigenesis and metastasis in microenvironment. However, the multiscale three‐dimensional nondestructive pathological visualization, measurement, and quantitative analysis are still a challenging for the medical imaging and diagnosis. In this work, we employed the synchrotron‐based X‐ray phase‐contrast tomography (SR‐PCT) combined with phase‐and‐attenuation duality phase retrieval to reconstruct and extract the volumetric inner‐structural characteristics of tumors in digesting system, helpful for tumor typing and statistic calculation of different tumor specimens. On the basis of the feature set including eight types of tumor micro‐lesions presented by our SR‐PCT reconstruction with high density resolution, the AlexNet‐based deep convolutional neural network model was trained and obtained the 94.21% of average accuracy of auto‐classification for the eight types of tumors in digesting system. The micro‐pathomophological relationship of liver tumor angiogenesis and progression were revealed by quantitatively analyzing the microscopic changes of texture and grayscale features screened by a machine learning method of area under curve and principal component analysis. The results showed the specific path and clinical manifestations of tumor evolution and indicated that these progressions of tumor lesions rely on its inflammation microenvironment. Hence, this high phase‐contrast 3D pathological characteristics and automatic analysis methods exhibited excellent recognizable and classifiable for micro tumor lesions.
4,21‐Secovincanol, a Novel Immunosuppressive Monoterpenoid Indole Alkaloid from Kopsia Hainanensis
Authors: Liu Lu , He Ting , Liu Ya‐Ping , Cao Jian‐Xin , Cheng Gui‐Guang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract4,21‐Secovincanol (1), a novel C‐21/N‐4 cleavage monoterpenoid indole alkaloid, along with four analogs (2–5), were obtained from the aerial parts of Kopsia hainanensis. Structurally, compound 1 might be a derivative of epivincanol (2) via C‐21/N‐4 cleavage. Their structures were confirmed by means of comprehensive spectroscopic data analysis and comparison with the reported data. All isolates significantly inhibited Con A‐stimulated mice splenocytes proliferation at 10–40 μM in a dose‐dependent manner in vitro. Especially, compound 3 exhibited potent activities comparable to positive control (Dexamethasone, DXM).
Predicting mortality in cardiogenic shock secondary to ACS requiring short‐term mechanical circulatory support: The ACS‐MCS score
Authors: Marashly Qussay , Taleb Iosif , Kyriakopoulos Christos P. , Dranow Elizabeth , Jones Tara L. , Tandar Anwar , Overton Sean D. , Tonna Joseph E. , Stoddard Kathleen , Wever‐Pinzon Omar , Kemeyou Line , Koliopoulou Antigone G. , Shah Kevin S. , Nourian Kimiya , Richins Tyler J. , Burnham Tyson S. , Welt Frederick G. , McKellar Stephen H. , Nativi‐Nicolau Jose , Drakos Stavros G. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo identify predictors of 30‐day all‐cause mortality for patients with cardiogenic shock secondary to acute coronary syndrome (ACS‐CS) who require short‐term mechanical circulatory support (ST‐MCS).BackgroundACS‐CS mortality is high. ST‐MCS is an attractive treatment option for hemodynamic support and stabilization of deteriorating patients. Mortality prediction modeling for ACS‐CS patients requiring ST‐MCS has not been well‐defined.MethodsThe Utah Cardiac Recovery (UCAR) Shock database was used to identify patients admitted with ACS‐CS requiring ST‐MCS devices between May 2008 and August 2018. Pre‐ST‐MCS clinical, laboratory, echocardiographic, and angiographic data were collected. The primary endpoint was 30‐day all‐cause mortality. A weighted score comprising of pre‐ST‐MCS variables independently associated with 30‐day all‐cause mortality was derived and internally validated.ResultsA total of 159 patients (mean age, 61 years; 78% male) were included. Thirty‐day all‐cause mortality was 49%. Multivariable analysis resulted in four independent predictors of 30‐day all‐cause mortality: age, lactate, SCAI CS classification, and acute kidney injury. The model had good calibration and discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristics curve 0.80). A predictive score (ranging 0–4) comprised of age ≥ 60 years, pre‐ST‐MCS lactate ≥2.5 mmol/L, AKI at time of ST‐MCS implementation, and SCAI CS stage E effectively risk stratified our patient population.ConclusionThe ACS‐MCS score is a simple and practical predictive score to risk‐stratify CS secondary to ACS patients based on their mortality risk. Effective mortality risk assessment for ACS‐CS patients could have implications on patient selection for available therapeutic strategy options.
Glass‐rigid foam composite for innovative concrete sandwich elements
Authors: Weimar Thorsten , Hammer Christian , Leutbecher Torsten , Metje Kevin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn building envelopes, sandwich elements with facings made of glass currently require either adhesives or mechanical connectors. The avoidance of any connectors seems to be favorable in terms of resource and energy savings both in production and in building envelopes. The present studies are part of the development of a glass‐rigid foam‐concrete sandwich element without additional adhesives and mechanical connectors. This paper reports on the structural bond behavior between polyurethane rigid foam and float glass with different surfaces with or without applying a bonding agent. Tensile bond and shear tests show, that a sandblasted toughened glass surface results in cohesive failure of the insulation layer. The two production‐related surfaces of float glass are defined as atmosphere and tin side. Both surfaces offer an adhesive failure between the insulation layer and glass. Test specimens of glass and insulation layer without bonding agent show no significant differences between the atmosphere and the tin side. Overall, the test specimens with bonding agents achieve higher levels of adhesive tensile bond and shear strength. Light and electron microscopic studies of fractured surfaces show, that the bonding agent has a significant influence on the wetting and pore formation of the liquid polyurethane.
Die salzigen TUKcars kamen und siegten
Authors: Arweiler Justus , Bubel Martin , Eberweiser Simon , Weber Tanja , Schiller Patrick 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAm 09.11.2020 fand der 15. ChemCar Wettbewerb des VDI im Rahmen des ProcessNet‐Jahrestreffens Prozess‐, Apparat‐, Anlagenbau (PAAT) statt. Der von den kreativen jungen Verfahrensingenieuren (kjVI) organisierte internationale Wettbewerb wurde 2020 trotz al
Silo‐Füllstände digitalisieren
Authors: Huber Stefan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNanolike stellt eine neue Digitalisierungslösung für Silofüllstände für die Lebensmittel‐ und Getränkeindustrie vor. Ziel ist, deren Bestands‐ und Bestellmanagement‐Prozesse zu erleichtern sowie die Lieferprozesse der Roh‐ und Zusatzstoffhersteller und ‐H
Gelöst‐Sauerstoff messen
Authors: Schleicher Manfred 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDie Sauerstoffkonzentration wird in den unterschiedlichsten Anwendungen gemessen. Die Beispiele reichen von Fischzuchtbetrieben bis zu Kläranlagen. Beide beispielhaften Anwendungen benötigen eine Mindestkonzentration an Sauerstoff. Die Erhöhung der Sauers
Klimafreundlich dicht
Authors: Wassenberg Michaela 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGefordert sind neue Technologien, die den Einsatz natürlicher Kältemittel ermöglichen. Dazu zählen insbesondere leistungsfähigere Dichtungsmaterialien, da das Kühlsystem mit natürlichen Kältemitteln deutlich höhere Drücke benötigt, während die Kältemittel
Maximale Härte
Authors: Hermes Christoph 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMinimale Ausfallzeit und maximale Haltbarkeit: Industriemaschinen unterliegen immer höheren Anforderungen, die Hochleistungsmaterialien erfordern. Die Keramikwerkstoffe von CeramTec‐ETEC zum Schutz vor Verschleiß‐ und Korrosion bieten Unternehmen für eine
Interim analysis of sequential estimation‐adjusted urn models with sample size re‐estimation
Authors: Yu Jun , Lai Dejian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractClinical trials usually involve efficient and ethical objectives. Different adaptive designs have been proposed to satisfy these needs. We combine interim analysis, the sequential estimation‐adjusted urn model (SEU), and sample size re‐estimation (SSR) in one clinical trial. We show that the asymptotic distribution, under the null hypothesis, of the proposed sequential statistic follows Brownian motion by simultaneously addressing the three sequential procedures (allocation of patients, urn composition, and sequential parameter estimators) and the sequential statistics with revised information time due to SSR. Therefore, to control the type I error rate, traditional critical values for sequential monitoring based on Brownian motion can be used for the proposed procedure. Numerical studies with three types of urn models demonstrate that our proposed approach can control the type I error rate well and also achieve efficient and ethical objectives.
The impact of the globalization of cancer clinical trials on the enrollment of Black patients
Authors: Tharakan Serena , Zhong Xiaobo , Galsky Matthew D. 
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUNDThe enrollment of Black patients in cancer clinical trials continues to trend far below the true prevalence of disease in Black patients in the United States, limiting the generalizability of trial results. A potentially overlooked contributor to the underenrollment of Black patients may be the increasing enrollment of cancer trials in countries outside the United States. However, the impact of the globalization of cancer clinical trials on recruitment of racial minority patients has been understudied.METHODSIn this study, race and accrual location data for all cancer drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) between 2015 and 2018 were analyzed. A disparity score was calculated for each approval, a metric comparing Black enrollment in clinical trials with the estimated burden of disease in Black patients.RESULTSOf 49 global clinical trials supporting 35 FDA drug approvals with race data available, Black patients accounted for 2.5% of enrollment (range, 0%‐10%), with a median disparity score of 0.19 (range, 0.01‐0.98). In 21 clinical trials supporting 18 FDA drug approvals with both race and accrual location data available, 64% patients were enrolled outside the United States (range, 0%‐100%). Black patients accounted for 3.2% of enrollment (range, 0.2%‐10%), and the median disparity score was 0.23 (range, 0.01‐0.98). There was a significant inverse correlation between the proportion of trial patients enrolled outside the United States and the disparity score (Pearson correlation, –0.61; P = .007).CONCLUSIONSThe globalization of cancer clinical trials is associated with a widening racial enrollment disparity gap in the United States. The impact of global trials on domestic clinical trial generalizability warrants further consideration from a regulatory and policy standpoint.LAY SUMMARY

Black patients continue to be underrepresented in cancer clinical trials; this disparity has worsened in recent years perhaps because of the globalization of cancer clinical trials.

In an analysis of demographic information from 21 cancer clinical trials leading to US Food and Drug Administration approvals between 2015 and 2018, clinical trials conducted primarily outside the United States were 2‐fold less likely to enroll Black participants than US clinical trials.

Thus, the globalization of cancer clinical trials may have the unintended consequence of further exacerbating existing racial disparities in cancer clinical trial representation and ultimately the generalizability of trial results.
A novel security mechanism using AES cryptography approach in cloud computing
Authors: B Muthulakshmi , M Venkatesulu 
Published: March 2021

SummaryFor a smart cloud computing system, security and privacy are the required factors. In recent days, the evolvement of cloud technology is immense, according to which several cloud service providers (CSPs) evolved. Each CSP has its infrastructure with its security policies. Even though still the security in cloud computing is an existing challenge, it is more important to maintain the trustiness of cloud environment among the cloud users. On this motto, we propose a novel tailored—advanced encryption standard (AES) Cryptographic Algorithm (TCA). AES is one of the popular cryptography algorithms. We indulged in increasing the performance of this algorithm by minimizing the time taken for the cryptography process. Here, the cryptography is processed with AES algorithm. In order to improve the efficiency of AES, a concept of a chunk file system is introduced. The input file is chunked into multiple which facilitates quick and effective encryption. To prove the efficiency of our proposed system, a comparison work is carried out with the existing algorithms lightweight keyword searchable encryption (LFSE) and cloud key management system (CKMS). The comparison work is based on the aspect of time taken during key generation, encryption and decryption. The obtained result is plotted, and comparison output clearly states our TCA's excellence in the aspect of efficiency compared to others.
Surgical interventions for androgenetic alopecia
Authors: Lim Rachel K. , Wambier Carlos G. , Goren Andy 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionAndrogenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common type of progressive hair loss, and current treatments are limited. Consequently, many patients seek nonmedical hair care, including herbal and dietary therapies as well as surgical procedures.MethodsRelevant articles on surgical hair restoration procedures were retrieved through a selective search of PubMed.ResultsSufficient donor hair supply is an important criterion for undergoing any type of hair restoration surgery. Men are more likely to be candidates for hair restoration surgery than women. One type of surgical intervention is scalp reduction, in which bald patches are excised and hair‐bearing portions of scalp are moved to cover the excision. In recent years, hair transplantation has eclipsed scalp reduction as the surgical hair restoration procedure of choice. The most popular techniques for obtaining donor hair for transplantation are strip harvesting and follicular unit extraction (FUE). FUE produces better aesthetic results, though hair grafts display higher survival rates in strip harvestingDiscussionHair transplantation remains a developing procedure, and no standard recommendations have been put forth yet. Nevertheless, it has become a successful strategy for treating hair loss and is expected to continue to make advances in years to come.