bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Targeting of SPCSV‐RNase3 via CRISPR‐Cas13 confers resistance against sweet potato virus disease
Authors: Yu Yicheng , Pan Zhiyuan , Wang Xiao , Bian Xiaofeng , Wang Weichi , Liang Qiang , Kou Meng , Ji Hongtao , Li Yanjuan , Ma Daifu , Li Zongyun , Sun Jian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is one of the most important crops in the world, and its production rate is mainly decreased by the sweet potato virus disease (SPVD) caused by the co‐infection of sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus (SPCSV) and sweet potato feathery mottle virus. However, methods for improving SPVD resistance have not been established. Thus, this study aimed to enhance SPVD resistance by targeting one of its important pathogenesis‐related factors (i.e., SPCSV‐RNase3) by using the CRISPR‐Cas13 technique. First, the RNA targeting activity of four CRISPR‐Cas13 variants were compared using a transient expression system in Nicotiana benthamiana. LwaCas13a and RfxCas13d had more efficient RNA and RNA virus targeting activity than PspCas13b and LshCas13a. Driven by the pCmYLCV promoter for the expression of gRNAs, RfxCas13d exhibited higher RNA targeting activity than that driven by the pAtU6 promoter. Furthermore, the targeting of SPCSV‐RNase3 using the LwaCas13a system inhibited its RNA silencing suppressor activity and recovered the RNA silencing activity in N. benthamiana leaf cells. Compared with the wild type, transgenic N. benthamiana plants carrying an RNase3‐targeted LwaCas13a system exhibited enhanced resistance against turnip mosaic virus TuMV‐GFP and cucumber mosaic virus CMV‐RNase3 co‐infection. Moreover, transgenic sweet potato plants carrying an RNase3‐targeted RfxCas13d system exhibited substantially improved SPVD resistance. This method may contribute to the development of SPVD immune germplasm and the enhancement of sweet potato production in SPVD‐prevalent regions.
Why create government corporations? An examination of the determinants of corporatization in the Canadian public sector
Authors: Bernier Luc , Juillet Luc , Deschamps Carl 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPublic corporations have grown in popularity over the last 30 years, but the conditions that lead governments to create them are still debated. In this study, we draw on an original dataset of public organizations at the federal and provincial levels in Canada to test the prevalence of corporatization and the conditions associated with the creation of public corporations. Our results show that corporatization has been an important phenomenon in Canada over the last 30 years, but that the creation of public corporations is not associated with pressures on public finances or favored by right‐wing governments. Our main finding is that the creation of public corporations is mainly associated with administrative capacity. Our results suggest that corporatization may be more a pragmatic exercise in state‐building than an ideological or New Public Management (NPM)‐driven project, but that its cost or complexity may make it more accessible to larger administrations.
A Novikov equation describing pseudo‐spherical surfaces, its pseudo‐potentials, and local isometric immersions
Authors: Freire Igor Leite , Tito Rodrigo da Silva 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe show that an equation discovered in V. Novikov [Generalizations of the Camassa–Holm equation, J Phys A: Math Theor. 2009; 42: paper 342002] describes pseudo‐spherical surfaces and is geometrically integrable. From the geometric structure of the equation we obtain an infinite hierarchy of conservation laws. The problem of local isometric immersions is also considered.
The sociological landscape of youth confinement
Authors: Cox Alexandra 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article examines key sociological questions that are raised by the confinement of children and young people. Globally, there are approximately one million children held in confinement, and there is an emerging body of qualitative sociological research in this area. This article examines the role that social constructions of childhood innocence and evil play in shaping the processes of protection and removal, and how these constructions play a role in mediating state strategies of punishment and rehabilitation. The article also draws from an emerging body of qualitative sociological research to examine the role of youth confinement institutions in socializing vulnerable young people.
Radiographic and CT features of zygomatic arch pneumatization in a Thoroughbred with a recurrent progressive ethmoid hematoma
Authors: Conradie Marius , Robert Mickaël , Carstens Ann 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA 7‐year‐old Thoroughbred gelding presented with a history of mild unilateral right‐sided epistaxis and facial swelling over the right caudal maxillary sinus and zygomatic arch. Eleven months previously a progressive ethmoid hematoma had been surgically removed from the right caudal maxillary and conchofrontal sinus. Computed tomography identified a large expansile soft‐tissue attenuating mass in the right caudal maxillary sinus, with protrusion into the conchofrontal sinus, that extended into the zygomatic arch. Lytic expansion and thinning of the cortex with pneumatization of the zygomatic arch was present. The mass was surgically excised after a biopsy had confirmed the recurring progressive ethmoid hematoma.
Applications of 3‐dimensional printing in small‐animal surgery: A review of current practices
Authors: Altwal Johnny , Wilson Caroline H. , Griffon Dominique J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3D) printing, also called rapid prototyping or additive manufacturing, transforms digital images into 3D printed objects, typically by layering consecutive thin films of material. This technology has become increasingly accessible to the public, prompting applications in veterinary surgery. Three‐dimensional prints provide direct visualization of complex 3D structures and also haptic feedback relevant to surgery. The main objective of this review is to report current applications of 3D printing in small‐animal surgery, including surgical education, preoperative planning, and treatment of tissue defects. The reported uses of 3D prints, their proposed advantages, and current limitations are discussed considering published evidence. Aspects of the manufacturing process specific to each application are described, along with current practices in veterinary surgery.
Dietary intake and biomarkers of alpha linolenic acid and risk of all cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality: systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies
Authors: Naghshi Sina , Aune Dagfinn , Beyene Joseph , Mobarak Sara , Asadi Masoomeh , Sadeghi Omid 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the associations between dietary intake and tissue biomarkers of alpha linolenic acid (ALA) and risk of mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.Data sourcesPubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar to 30 April 2021.Study selectionProspective cohort studies that reported the risk estimates for death from all causes, CVD, and cancer.Data synthesisSummary relative risks and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for the highest versus lowest categories of ALA intake using random effects and fixed effects models. Linear and non-linear dose-response analyses were conducted to assess the dose-response associations between ALA intake and mortality.Results41 articles from prospective cohort studies were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis, totalling 1 197 564 participants. During follow-up ranging from two to 32 years, 198 113 deaths from all causes, 62 773 from CVD, and 65 954 from cancer were recorded. High intake of ALA compared with low intake was significantly associated with a lower risk of deaths from all causes (pooled relative risk 0.90, 95% confidence interval 0.83 to 0.97, I2=77.8%, 15 studies), CVD (0.92, 0.86 to 0.99, I2=48.2%, n=16), and coronary heart disease (CHD) (0.89, 0.81 to 0.97, I2=5.6%, n=9), and a slightly higher risk of cancer mortality (1.06, 1.02 to 1.11, I2=3.8%, n=10). In the dose-response analysis, a 1 g/day increase in ALA intake (equivalent to one tablespoon of canola oil or 0.5 ounces of walnut) was associated with a 5% lower risk of all cause (0.95, 0.91 to 0.99, I2=76.2%, n=12) and CVD mortality (0.95, 0.91 to 0.98, I2=30.7%, n=14). The pooled relative risks for the highest compared with lowest tissue levels of ALA indicated a significant inverse association with all cause mortality (0.95, 0.90 to 0.99, I2=8.2%, n=26). Also, based on the dose-response analysis, each 1 standard deviation increment in blood concentrations of ALA was associated with a lower risk of CHD mortality (0.92, 0.86 to 0.98, I2=37.1%, n=14).ConclusionsThe findings show that dietary ALA intake is associated with a reduced risk of mortality from all causes, CVD, and CHD, and a slightly higher risk of cancer mortality, whereas higher blood levels of ALA are associated with a reduced risk of all cause and CHD mortality only.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO CRD42021229487.
Peer-driven intervention to help patients resume CPAP therapy following discontinuation: a multicentre, randomised clinical trial with patient involvement
Authors: Merle Raymond , Pison Christophe , Logerot Sophie , Deschaux Chrystèle , Arnol Nathalie , Roustit Matthieu , Tamisier Renaud , Pépin Jean Louis , Borel Jean Christian 
Published: October 2021

IntroductionObstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) is one of the most common chronic diseases. It may be associated with symptoms of excessive daytime sleepiness and neurocognitive and cardiovascular complications. First line therapy for OSAS involves home continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), however, nearly half of patients do not adhere with this treatment over the long term. Cognitive-behavioural interventions that include health professionals and patient and public involvement are increasingly advocated in the fields of education and research. We hypothesise that a peer-driven intervention could help patients with OSAS to resume CPAP use after discontinuation.Methods and analysisWe have designed a prospective, multicentre randomised, controlled trial that will be coconducted by health professionals, a home provider of CPAP and patients as experts or peers or participants. The primary aim is to evaluate the impact of a 6-month, peer-driven intervention to promote the resumption of CPAP after discontinuation. We anticipate that 20% of patients in the intervention group will reuse CPAP as compared with 6% in control group, thus, 104 patients must be included in each group. The secondary aims are (1) to evaluate the impact of the peer-driven intervention on adherence to CPAP compared with the control group (mean adherence and percentage of nights with at least 4 hours’ use/night for 70% of nights); (2) to determine factors associated with resumption of CPAP; (3) to assess patient satisfaction with the peer-driven intervention at 6 months; (4) to evaluate the feasibility and the execution of the peer-driven intervention and peer satisfaction. Adult outpatients with an established diagnosis of severe OSA (Apnoea-Hypopnoea Index >30 events/hour) that have stopped using CPAP within 4–12 months after initiation will be recruited. The peers who will perform the intervention will be patients with OSAS treated with CPAP with good adherence (at least 4 hours/night, 70% of nights) and trained in motivational enhancement and cognitive-behavioural therapies. Trained peers will conduct three interviews within 6 months with participants.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been obtained from the French Regional Ethics Committee CPP Ouest II-Angers, (IRB 21.02.25.68606 (2021/2025)). All participants will sign written informed consent. The results will be presented at conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals as well as public media.Trial registration numberNCT04538274
Electrocardiographic Changes Following Primary Blast Injury To The Thorax
Authors: Guy Richard J , Watkins Paul E , Edmondstone W Mark 
Published: October 2021

AbstractProfound physiological changes occur following primary blast exposure but the contribution of cardiac arrhythmias is unknown. Thirteen rats, under intravenous anaesthesia, were exposed to a blast wave directed at the thorax (Group II); 10 other animals underwent abdominal blast (Group III) and nine animals acted as controls (Group I). Animals were monitored before, during and after blast exposure. Group II animals demonstrated apnoea, bradycardia and hypotension. No significant physiological changes were seen in Groups I or III. Group II displayed a variety of ECG disturbances, from ventricular extrasystoles to ventricular fibrillation. All abnormalities reverted to sinus rhythm within minutes except in fatally injured animals. These ECG changes probably result from stress wave injury. Significant disturbances might account for some fatalities following primary blast exposure and may exacerbate the triad of apnoea, bradycardia and hypotension. Such observations may have important consequences for the management of blast casualties
Tumour Markers - Magic or Menace?
Authors: Barker P , Millroy S 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBreast cancer follow-up is aimed at the detection of metastatic disease at a stage when it can still be treated. Traditionally this has been done on a symptomatic basis confirmed by UICC criteria. By inference, tumour burden by this time is likely to be high, and therefore any therapy possibly less effective.Breast Serum Tumour Marker estimation, while disease volume is still low, has been shown in a District General Hospital setting to allow early treatment and monitor efficacy of therapy. A randomised multi-centre study is essential to determine whether these investigations are sensible and life-saving or costly and confusing.
Modelling the Effectiveness of Techniques for Reducing Heat Strain in Royal Navy Nuclear, Biological and Chemical Cleansing Stations' Teams
Authors: House J R 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHigh temperatures, combined with wearing nuclear biological chemical (NBC) individual protective equipment (IPE), produce significant heat strain in personnel working in ships’ NBC cleansing stations (CS) and limit the ability of ships to operate in a contaminated environment. This report reviews the potential solutions to this problem and concludes that only a method of actively cooling personnel will reduce heat strain and increase the number of people that can be processed through ships’ NBC CS. Amongst the wide range of cooling equipment that might offer a benefit, only hand immersion in cold water and ice-vests are practically useful for use in NBC CS. To assess how effective these techniques are likely to be INM has modelled the thermal effects under environmental conditions expected in the CS when operating in a hot climate. The model predicted that hand immersion in cold water (10°C) would be the most effective cooling method, providing that personnel were able to take regular rest periods to immerse the hands. If it is preferred that personnel in the CS be able to work continuously, then ice-vests would be effective. The safe total work time that can be achieved in a three hour period without a cooling intervention is approximately 72 minutes, regular rest periods must be taken throughout the three hour work period, to total of 108 minutes. Safe work times can be increased to 99 minutes by using an ice-vest and 117 minutes by using hand immersion in 10°C water, with required rest times reduced accordingly, thereby increasing capacity of CS teams to decontaminate personnel.
Telerehabilitation for chronic respiratory disease: a randomised controlled equivalence trial
Authors: Cox Narelle S , McDonald Christine F , Mahal Ajay , Alison Jennifer A , Wootton Richard , Hill Catherine J , Zanaboni Paolo , O'Halloran Paul , Bondarenko Janet , Macdonald Heather , Barker Kathryn , Crute Hayley , Mellerick Christie , Wageck Bruna , Boursinos Helen , Lahham Aroub , Nichols Amanda , Czupryn Pawel , Corbett Monique , Handley Emma , Burge Angela T , Holland Anne E 
Published: October 2021

RationalePulmonary rehabilitation is an effective treatment for people with chronic respiratory disease but is delivered to <5% of eligible individuals. This study investigated whether home-based telerehabilitation was equivalent to centre-based pulmonary rehabilitation in people with chronic respiratory disease.MethodsA multicentre randomised controlled trial with assessor blinding, powered for equivalence was undertaken. Individuals with a chronic respiratory disease referred to pulmonary rehabilitation at four participating sites (one rural) were eligible and randomised using concealed allocation to pulmonary rehabilitation or telerehabilitation. Both programmes were two times per week for 8 weeks. The primary outcome was change in Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire Dyspnoea (CRQ-D) domain at end-rehabilitation, with a prespecified equivalence margin of 2.5 points. Follow-up was at 12 months. Secondary outcomes included exercise capacity, health-related quality of life, symptoms, self-efficacy and psychological well-being.Results142 participants were randomised to pulmonary rehabilitation or telerehabilitation with 96% and 97% included in the intention-to-treat analysis, respectively. There were no significant differences between groups for any outcome at either time point. Both groups achieved meaningful improvement in dyspnoea and exercise capacity at end-rehabilitation. However, we were unable to confirm equivalence of telerehabilitation for the primary outcome ΔCRQ-D at end-rehabilitation (mean difference (MD) (95% CI) −1 point (−3 to 1)), and inferiority of telerehabilitation could not be excluded at either time point (12-month follow-up: MD −1 point (95% CI −4 to 1)). At end-rehabilitation, telerehabilitation demonstrated equivalence for 6-minute walk distance (MD −6 m, 95% CI −26 to 15) with possibly superiority of telerehabilitation at 12 months (MD 14 m, 95% CI −10 to 38).Conclusiontelerehabilitation may not be equivalent to centre-based pulmonary rehabilitation for all outcomes, but is safe and achieves clinically meaningful benefits. When centre-based pulmonary rehabilitation is not available, telerehabilitation may provide an alternative programme model.Trial registration numberACtelerehabilitationN12616000360415.
The diphoton $$q_T$$ spectrum at N$$^3$$LL$$^\prime $$ + NNLO
Authors: Neumann Tobias 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe present a $$q_T$$

q
T

-resummed calculation of diphoton production at order N$$^3$$

3

LL$$^\prime $$

′

+ NNLO. To reach the primed level of accuracy we have implemented the recently published three-loop $${\mathcal {O}}(\alpha _s^3)$$

O
(

α
s
3

)

virtual corrections in the $$q\bar{q}$$

q

q

¯

channel and the three-loop transverse momentum dependent beam functions and combined them with the existing infrastructure of , a code performing resummation at order N$${}^3$$

3

LL. While the primed predictions are parametrically not more accurate, one typically observes from lower orders and other processes that they are the dominant effect of the next order. We include in both the $$q\bar{q}$$

q

q

¯

and loop-induced gg channel the hard contributions consistently together at order $$\alpha _s^3$$

α
s
3

and find that the resummed $$q\bar{q}$$

q

q

¯

channel without matching stabilizes indeed. Due to large matching corrections and large contributions and uncertainties from the gg channel, the overall improvements are small though. We furthermore study the effect of hybrid-cone photon isolation and hard-scale choice on our fully matched results to describe the ATLAS $$\text {8}$$
8
TeV data and find that the hybrid-cone isolation worsens agreement at small $$q_T$$

q
T

compared to smooth-cone isolation.
The Raychaudhuri equation for a quantized timelike geodesic congruence
Authors: Gupta Choudhury Shibendu , Dasgupta Ananda , Banerjee Narayan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA recent attempt to arrive at a quantum version of Raychaudhuri’s equation is looked at critically. It is shown that the method, and even the idea, has some inherent problems. The issues are pointed out here. We have also shown that it is possible to salvage the method in some limited domain of applicability. Although no generality can be claimed, a quantum version of the equation should be useful in the context of ascertaining the existence of a singularity in the quantum regime. The equation presented in the present work holds for arbitrary $$n+1$$

n
+
1

dimensions. An important feature of the Hamiltonian in the operator form is that it admits a self-adjoint extension quite generally. Thus, the conservation of probability is ensured.
Badminton Recognition and Tracking System
Authors: Cui Zhihao , Zheng Ting 
Published: October 2021

Human–computer interaction systems have been developed in large numbers and quickly applied to sports. Badminton is the best sport for applying robotics because it requires quick recognition and fast movement. For the development of badminton recognition and tracking systems, it is important to accurately identify badminton, venues, and opponents. In this paper, we designed and developed a badminton recognition and tracking system using two 2 000 000-pixel high-speed cameras. The badminton tracking system has a transmission speed of 250[Formula: see text]fps and the maximum speed of the badminton resonator is 300[Formula: see text]km/h. The system uses the camera link interface Camera Link to capture images of high-speed cameras and process all captured images in real time using different regions of interest settings. In order to improve accuracy, we propose a new method for judging the center point of badminton. We have proposed a detector that detects the four corner points of the field by using the contour information of the badminton court when the approximate position of the badminton court is known. We set the sensing area according to the approximate position of the badminton court and use the histogram in the sensing area to select the point closest to the contour. Specify the intersection of the line as the corner point of the badminton court. The proposed angle detector has a high detection rate. It is more than 10 times more accurate than traditional detectors. The moving badminton is detected by an elliptical detector. We propose a method to find the center of the correct ellipse from the four candidates by selecting the four candidate contours of the ellipse. Compared to conventional circular detectors and points on three-dimensional coordinates, the proposed elliptical detector reduces the error by about 3[Formula: see text]mm.