bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrometeorological Consequences on the Water Balance in the Ganga River System Under Changing Climatic Conditions using Land Surface Model
Authors: Hasan Mohd Sayeed Ul , Rai Abhishek Kumar 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) ensures adequately accessible water and management for all. Due to the rapid increase in population and industries along the Ganga river, it is necessary to estimate the water budget for fulfilling the demand for water in the future. The M-K test conducted on the Noah-Land Surface Model data for 72 years results in maximum declining trend of water budget in the Yamuna Lower (Q=-3.82BCM/year), and minimum in the Damodar sub-basin (Q=-0.10BCM/year). All the sub-basins show increase in groundwater level (mbgl) except the Kali Sindh, which shows decreasing trend (Q=-0.07 m/year). The extreme severe groundwater drought were estimated using Standard Groundwater Level Index (SGWLI), of the values for the Ram Ganga Confluence (SGWLI=2.44;2005), Upper stream of Gomti (SGWLI=2.06;2014), Ghaghra (SGWLI=2.22;2005), Ram Ganga (SGWLI=2.28;2005), Yamuna Lower (SGWLI=2.13;2007), Kali Sindh (SGWLI=2.30,2.67;2002,2003), Chambal Upper (SGWLI=2.30,2.20;2001,2003), Son (SGWLI=2.02;2010), Gandak (SGWLI=2.37;2010),Kosi (SGWLI=2.08;2012), Damodar (SGWLI=2.72;2010), and Bhagirathi (SGWLI=2.06;2014) were obtained for a period of 1996 to 2016 using a total of 62,050 observed well data.The obtained in-situ point data are converted into the surface raster using geostatistical technique. Our results show declining trend in the water budget of all the 19 sub-basin of the Ganga basin, and also the groundwater drought in several parts. Policy makers will benefit from our findings as they can use them to further UN Sustainable Development Goals such as ending poverty (SDG-1), hunger eradication (SDG-2), clean water & sanitation (SDG-6), socioeconomic development (SDG-8) and climate action (SDG-13) all of which must be accomplished before 2030.
Association of serum methionine metabolites with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Tang Yi , Chen Xu , Chen Qian , Xiao Jinghe , Mi Jiaxin , Liu Qiannan , You Yiran , Chen Yuming , Ling Wenhua 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is viewed as the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. Methionine metabolites have been linked to metabolic syndrome and its related diseases. Whether methionine metabolites levels are associated with NAFLD remains unclear. The study aimed to assess the association between methionine metabolites and NAFLD.
Methods
This cross-sectional study included a total of 2814 individuals aged 40–75 years old. All participants underwent anthropometric measurements, laboratory tests and abdominal ultrasonography. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the association of methionine metabolites with NAFLD.
Results
Overall, 1446 with and 1368 without NAFLD were enrolled in this study. Participants with NAFLD had significantly higher serum S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) and homocysteine (Hcy) levels, and a lower S-adenosylmethionine/S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAM/SAH) ratio than those without NAFLD (all P < 0.001). After adjusting multiple confounders, odds ratios (ORs) (95% confidence interval [CI]) for quartile 4 vs quartile 1 of SAH, Hcy and SAM/SAH ratio were 1.65 (1.27–2.14), 1.63 (1.26–2.12) and 0.63 (0.49–0.83), respectively (all P for trend < 0.01). In addition, serum SAH, Hcy levels and SAM/SAH ratio were significantly correlated with degree of hepatic steatosis (all P for trend < 0.001).
Conclusion
Elevated serum SAH, Hcy levels and lower SAM/SAH ratio were independently associated with the presence of NAFLD in middle-aged and elder Chinese.
Analyzing the Current English Language Teaching Materials in Line with the Academic and Professional Needs and Interests of Diploma Theology Students
Authors: Deressa Wakgari , Tefera Yohannes , Alemu Adege 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The study aims to analyze the current English language teaching/learning materials in line with the academic and professional needs and interests of diploma theology students in some selected seminaries and theological colleges of Oromia. The study is a descriptive survey that makes use of a mixed-method approach. The data were collected using a questionnaire, interview, and content analysis. The participants of the study were second and third-year diploma theology students, former theology students, theology instructors, and EFL teachers in the seminaries and colleges. All the students were chosen using comprehensive sampling technique, and ten former theology students who were working as priests and evangelists using the snowball technique to fill out the questionnaire. EFL teachers and theology instructors were chosen for the interview. Additionally, the contents of three units of the current English language teaching materials’ were evaluated using the checklist. The study revealed that both students and EFL teachers perceived the teaching materials less assisting the students in their academic and professional contexts. Regarding problems that theology students had in using the English language were the background of the students, the inappropriateness of the teaching materials, the environment in which they grew up, and the ways they were selected for attending the program, which was not academic based but spirituality based. Based on the results of the contents analysis, the contents of the teaching materials hardly meet the needs and interests of diploma theology students. Finally, the researcher developed a sample unit (teaching/learning material) that can be used as a model.
Teamwork in medical education: are medical students team workers?
Authors: Boone Anke , Roelants Mathieu , Hoppenbrouwers Karel , Vandermeulen Corinne , Dubois Marc , Godderis Lode 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Introduction. Despite the increasing importance of teamwork in healthcare, medical education still puts great emphasis on individual achievements. The purpose of this study is to examine medical students’ team role preferences, including the association with gender and specialty; and to provide implications for policy makers and medical educators. Methods. We used an exploratory methodology, following a repeated cross-sectional design. Data was collected from first year master students in medicine (n=2293) during five consecutive years (2016 – 2020). The Belbin Team Role Self Perception Inventory (BTRSPI) was used to measure medical students’ self-perceptions of their team role. Results. The Team Worker was the most preferred team role among medical students (35.8%), regardless of study year, gender or specialty. Female and male students had similar team role patterns, although female students scored higher on Team Worker (40.4% vs. 29.1%, p < 0.001) and Completer-Finisher (14.0% vs. 8.0%, p < 0.001). Conclusions. Our findings are encouraging due to the increased importance of interdisciplinary collaborations in healthcare. Nevertheless, policy makers and medical educators should prioritize teamwork skills at all stages (i.e. admission to residency) and levels (i.e. in the explicit and implicit curriculum) to ensure their continued development throughout the educational process.
Novel Polymeric Metal Complexes for Dye Sensitizer : Synthesis and Photovoltaic Performances
Authors: Zhang Houpeng , wu xianming , tian yong , wang kaixuan , tang shiyu , zhong chaofan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Four novel polymeric metal complexes with a D-A-π-A motif, BDTT-PY-Cd, BDTT-PY-Zn, BDTT-PY-Cu and BDTT-PY-Ni, were designed, synthesized and characterized. These polymeric metal complexes were made up with Cd(Ⅱ), Zn(Ⅱ), Cu(Ⅱ), Ni(Ⅱ) complexes, thienylbenzo-[1,2-b:4,5-b'] dithiophene (BDTT) and the 8-quinolinol derivative, which were used severally as dye sensitzers’ auxiliary electron acceptors (A), electron donor (D) and π bridges as well as the acceptors (A). Under AM 1.5 irradiation (100 mW cm-2), the devices of dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC) based on four polymer complexes exhibited short-circuit photocurrent densities (Jsc) of 17.45 mA cm-2, 14.75 mA cm-2, 13.94 mA cm-2, and 12.00 mA cm-2, as well as attractive power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of were 9.73 %, 8.02 %, 6.82 % and 6.12 %, respectively. The photovoltaic conversion efficiency (PCE) and short-circuit photocurrent density (Jsc) of BDTT-PY-Cd, BDTT-PY-Zn, BDTT-PY-Cu and BDTT-PY-Ni decrease in order because the radius and charge number of the metal ion affect the strength of the coordination bond between the metal ion and the ligand. These results provides a new way of development for efficient and stable dye sensitizers in the future.
COVID-19 vaccination rates and SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women in Scotland
Authors: Stock Sarah , Carruthers Jade , Calvert Clara , Denny Cheryl , Donaghy Jack , Goulding Anna , Hopcroft Lisa , Hopkins Leeanne , McLaughlin Terry , Pan Jiafeng , Shi Ting , Taylor John , Agrawal Utkarsh , Auyeung Bonnie , Katikireddi Srinivasa , McCowan Colin , Murray Josie , Simpson Colin , Robertson Chris , Vasileiou Eleftheria , Sheikh Aziz , Wood Rachael 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We describe SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccine uptake in Scotland in a prospective cohort of all pregnant women in Scotland drawn from national databases. As of mid-October 2021, the Covid-19 in pregnancy in Scotland (COPS) cohort included linked data on a total of 139,136 pregnancies in 126,749 women. Up to September 30, 2021, a total of 22,779 COVID-19 vaccinations had been administered to 16,229 pregnant women. Vaccine coverage was substantially lower in pregnant women than in the general female population of reproductive age (23.7% of women giving birth in September 2021 were fully vaccinated compared to 74.9 % in women 18-44 years). Of the 4,274 cases of COVID-19 in pregnancy (confirmed by SARS-CoV-2 viral reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction) between December 2020 (the month the COVID-19 vaccination programme started in Scotland) and September 2021 inclusive, 629 women (14.7%) were admitted to hospital and 89 (2.1%) were admitted to critical care. Of the COVID-19 cases occurring in pregnant women, 81.7% (3,491/4,274; 95% CI 80.5-82.8) were in unvaccinated women. Of the COVID-19 associated hospital admissions, 93.0% (585/629; 95% CI 90.7-94.8) were in women who were unvaccinated at the time of COVID-19 diagnosis. Of the COVID-19 associated critical care admissions 98.9% (88/89; 95% CI 93.9-100) were in women who were unvaccinated at the time of COVID-19 diagnosis. The extended perinatal mortality rate for women who gave birth within 28 days of COVID-19 diagnosis was 15.9 per 1000 births (95% CI 7.8 to 31.0; background rate in 2020 6.3 per 1,000 total births [95% CI 5.7-7.1]; background rate 2019 5.7 per 1,000 total births [95% CI 5.0-6.4]). All baby deaths occurred after pregnancies in women who were unvaccinated at the time of COVID-19 diagnosis. Addressing low vaccine uptake rates in pregnant women is imperative to protect the health of women and babies.
Physical Impairments, Sensory Disturbance and Functional Ability in Cancer Patient With and Without Chemotherapy-induced Peripheral Neuropathy Symptoms
Authors: Rattanakrong Nida , Promma Noppawan , Saraboon Chanatsupang , Waongenngarm Pooriput 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
ObjectiveThe present study examined the objective and patient-reported measures of physical impairments, sensory disturbance and functional ability between cancer patients with and without chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) symptoms.Methods41 cancer survivors exposed to neurotoxic chemotherapies were conveniently recruited and completed a single cross-sectional assessment of patient-reported outcomes (VAS for pain intensity and ABC scale) and objective assessments (SWM test, TUG test, 5xSTS test, Romberg test with eyes open and eyes closed, 6MWT, and FAB scale).ResultsCancer patients who had undergone chemotherapy with CIPN symptoms did significantly worse in the SWM test, TUG test, 5xSTS test, Romberg test with eyes closed, 6MWT, FAB scale, and ABC scale (p<0.05) when compared with cancer survivors without CIPN symptoms.Conclusion﻿Cancer survivors with CIPN symptoms have lower physical performance, sensory perception, and functional ability, which may increase the risk of falling and disability. These findings further emphasize the need for effective rehabilitation and interventions to treat CIPN symptoms and related physical impairment and functional deficits.
Propagation Properties of Vortex Cosine-Hyperbolic-Gaussian Beams Through Oceanic Turbulence
Authors: Lazrek Mohamed , Hricha Zoubir , Belafhal Abdelmajid 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Based on the extended Huygens–Fresnel diffraction integral, the analytical expression of the average intensity for a vortex cosine hyperbolic-Gaussian beam (vChGB) propagating in oceanic turbulence is derived in detail. From the derived formula, the propagation properties of a vChGB in oceanic turbulence, including the average intensity distribution and the beam spreading are discussed with numerical examples. It is shown that oceanic turbulence influences strongly the propagation properties of the beam in the turbulent medium. The vChGB may propagate within shorter distance in weak oceanic turbulence by increasing the dissipation rate of mean-square temperature and the ratio of temperature to salinity fluctuation or by increasing the dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy per unit mass of sea water. Meanwhile, the evolution properties of the vChGB in the oceanic turbulence are affected by the initial beam parameters, namely the decentered parameter b, the topological charge M, the beam waist width ω0 and the wavelength λ. The obtained results can be beneficial for applications in optical underwater communication and remote sensing domain, imaging, and so on.
HIV Continuum of Care Among People Who Inject Drugs in Iran
Authors: Ghalekhani Nima , Mirzazadeh Ali , Tavakoli Fatemeh , Mousavian Ghazal , Khezri Mehrdad , Zamani Omid , Mehmandoost Soheil , Haghdoost Ali Akbar , Sharifi Hamid 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background:People who inject drugs (PWID) are at higher risk for HIV and may have lower access to care and treatment services when infected. We aimed to assess the HIV continuum of care among PWID in Iran. Methods:We collected data from 2,663 PWIDwho self-reported injection drug use at least once during the past 12 months. They were recruited via respondent-driven sampling to a national bio-behavioral surveillance survey from 11 cities of Iran between June 2019 and March 2020. For participants who were tested positive for HIV in the survey, we asked questions to calculate the proportionwho were 1) aware of their HIV status, 2) linkage to HIV care, 3) initiated an HIV treatment anti-retroviral therapy (ART), 4) retention on ART and 5) virally suppressed (< 1000 copies/mL).Results:Out of 95 PWID were tested positive for HIV, 100% (95% Confidence Intervals (CI): 96,100%) reported that they were aware of their HIV positive status, 57% (95% CI: 46, 66%) were linked to an HIV care service and initiated ART, 49% (95% CI: 39, 59%) retained on ART and only 15% (95% CI: 8, 23%) had viral load less than 1000 cp/ml.Conclusion:Our results indicated that about half of the PWID diagnosed with HIVever started ART, and less than one in six were virally suppressed.Strategies to improve linkage to ART programs, and to improve ART retention and adherence may improve HIV care outcomes among PWID in Iran.
Determination of Genetic Diversity in European Cranberrybush(Viburnum opulus L.) Genotypes Based on Morphological, Phytochemical and ISSR Markers
Authors: yaman mehmet 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Turkey's plant diversity varies considerably. Many of these plants are native and commercially grown. European Cranberrybush, which is among the fruit species grown economically in the country, is also of interest in terms of health. In this study, it was aimed to determine genetic diversity with morphological, molecular, and phytochemical markers in 24 different genotypes from Kayseri province, which has an important place in the production of European Cranberrybush in Turkey. The results show that wide variations were detected between genotypes in the morphological parameters. While the genotype G13 was the prominent genotype compared to other genotypes in leaf length (130.69 mm), leaf width (135.76 mm) and fruit length (10.01 mm), the range in fruit weights of genotypes varied between 0.16 g and 0.80 g. In ISSR marker analysis, a total of 73 scoreable bands were obtained from 11 different primers, and 44 of these bands were polymorphic bands. The average polymorphism rate in the study was 60.27%, and the similarity index of the genotypes varied between 0.77 and 0.95. Total flavonoid, total phenolic and total anthocyanin contents ranged from 106.28 mg CAE/100 g to 318.87 mg CAE/100 g, 451.23 mg GAE/100 g to 679.57 mg GAE/100 g, 21.36 mg cyn-3-gluc /100 g to 16.48 mg cyn-3-gluc /100 g, respectively. It is thought that the results of the study may be useful to plant breeders in terms of its development and preservation, as well as giving an opinion to the researchers in new studies to be carried out in the European Cranberry.
A microclimate regulation study of Ficus altissima under winter conditions in lower subtropical China
Authors: Deng Wan , Xia Chunhua , Chen Jingyu , Jiang Yanji 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
As a widespread practice in urban landscape design, tree planting plays a vital role in improving the ecological environment and microclimate. This study obtained the physical, physiological, and meteorological data of Ficus altissima, a typical tree species in lower subtropical China, through field measurement, and analyzed its functional performance in microclimate regulation. Its results indicated that: (1) the leaf area index (LAI), sky visible factor (SVF), ground cover (GC), and other indicators of Ficus altissima had essential relationships with radiation attenuation, temperature, and humidity regulation under winter conditions in lower subtropical China; (2) there were significant differences in leaf surface temperature and transpiration between east, west, north, and south during daytime; and, (3) thermal comfort represented by physiological equivalent temperature(PET)in the shade could be expressed as functions of solar radiation (SR), mean radiation temperature (MRT), air temperature (Ta), air humidity (RH), globe temperature (Tg), and wind speed (V). Based on these results, the following were the suggestions: firstly, Ficus altissima with higher LAI values should be selected for planting; secondly, trees must be planted on the east side of the site should solitary planting be undertaken to obtain maximum thermal comfort; and finally, activities under the canopy of Ficus altissima should be prioritized at 11:00–16:00 during winter.
In silico analysis to contemplate the chemistry behind gallic acid-mediated inhibition of Polyketide Synthase A from aflatoxin biosynthesis pathway of Aspergillus flavus
Authors: Thakur Chhavi , Malhotra Amanjot Singh , Shankar* Jata 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Aspergillus flavus is known for producing the potent carcinogenic agent aflatoxin. Food contamination with aflatoxins is an important safety concern for agricultural yields. To identify and develop anti-aflatoxigenic agents, studies on phytochemicals as anti-aflatoxigenic agents have been documented including gallic acid. Thus, interaction studies using in-silico tools have been explored to understand the molecular mechanism behind inhibition of aflatoxin biosynthesis by studying the chemical interactions of gallic acid with polyketide synthase A (PksA) of A. flavus. The 3D structure of PksA consisting of seven domains was modeled using a Swiss-Model server followed by docking using Autodock tools-1.5.6 with substrate hexanoic acid and with that to gallic acid. The binding energy (electrostatic, inter-molecular or total internal energy) for gallic acid was lower (-6.09 to -4.79 kcal/mol) in comparison to hexanoic acid (-5.05 to -3.36 kcal/mol). During an interaction with the acyl transferase domain of PksA, both ligands showed H-bond formation at Glu36, Arg8, Thr11 positions. Ligplot analysis showed the formation of 7-H bonds in gallic acid and 3-H bonds in hexanoic acid. In addition, gallic acid showed stable binding with the active site of PksA indicated by steady root mean square deviation through molecular dynamic simulations. The chemistry between gallic acid and polyketide synthase A(PksA) exhibited that Gallic Acid possesses the highest level of binding potential (more number of hydrogen bonds) with PksA domain in comparison to hexanoic acid, a precursor for aflatoxin biosynthesis. Thus, we suggest enzymes from the aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway in aflatoxin-producing Aspergilli could be an important target for potential inhibitors.
Deletions of the Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2/3 genes are common in field isolates from north-eastern Tanzania
Authors: Kaaya Robert D. , Kavishe Reginald A. , Tenu Filemon F. , Matowo Johnson J. , Mosha Franklin W. , Drakeley Chris , Sutherland Colin J. , Beshir Khalid B. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum parasites lacking histidine-rich protein 2 and 3 (pfhrp2/3) genes have been reported in several parts of the world. These deletions are known to compromise the effectiveness of HRP2-based malaria rapid diagnostic tests (HRP2-RDT). The National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP) in Tanzania adopted HRP2-RDTs as a routine tool for malaria diagnosis in 2009 replacing microscopy in many Health facilities. We investigated pfhrp2/3 deletions in 122 samples from two areas with diverse malaria transmission intensities in Northeastern Tanzania. Pfhrp2 deletion was confirmed in 1.6% of samples while pfhrp3 deletion was confirmed in 50% of samples. We did not find parasites with both pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 deletions among our samples. Results from this study highlight the need for systematic surveillance of pfhrp2/3 deletions in Tanzania to understand their prevalence and determine their impact on the performance of mRDT.
Mechanics of the gyroscopic precession and calculation of the Galactic mass
Authors: Sun Jian 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A spinning gyroscope precesses about the vertical due to a torque acting upon the wheel. The torque is generated by the shift of moment of force by gravity and it points to the vertical instead of the tangential direction of precession. This intuition offers an alternative and straightforward view of precession dynamics in comparison with the literature. It also presumes a dynamic balance of momentum between circular motions of the wheel spin and precession. Accordingly, the gyroscopic dynamics is then applied to the study of galactic motion of the solar system in space and the Galactic mass is calculated with the inclusion of gyroscopic effect of the solar planets. Results indicate that the gyroscopic effect of Mercury orbiting around the Sun can increase the calculated Galactic mass by 23% in comparison with the result obtained by the classic approach.