bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustainability and the Role of the Safety and Health Professional
Authors: Mansdorf S. Zack 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSustainability with public reporting of metrics in the areas of social, economic, and environmental performance has become a common business practice for most major organizations including not‐for‐profits (e.g. hospitals) and governmental agencies. This is important for safety and health professionals since in many organizations, the mission and goals of safety and health are being driven by organizational strategies to address demands by a growing number of sustainability stakeholders including employees, investors, regulators, and a wide variety of private interest groups. Therefore, it is critical that safety and health professionals understand the concepts and direction of sustainability.Safety and health professionals can have a significant role to play in sustainability. The establishment of safety and health goals and the data collection systems for safety and health metrics in the organization and in the supply chain are obvious areas for collaboration with others in the sustainability function. However, there are a large number of other areas where the science and engineering backgrounds of safety and health professionals make for a significant opportunity to contribute to the overall sustainability effort. Beyond the environmental issues including product life cycle assessments and product stewardship, there are many other areas including community involvement where the safety and health professional can contribute.
A Modeling Framework for Jamming Structures
Authors: Aktaş Buse , Narang Yashraj S. , Vasios Nikolaos , Bertoldi Katia , Howe Robert D. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractJamming is a structural phenomenon that provides tunable mechanical behavior. A jamming structure typically consists of a collection of elements with low effective stiffness and damping. When a pressure gradient, such as vacuum, is applied, kinematic and frictional coupling increase, resulting in dramatically altered mechanical properties. Engineers have used jamming to build devices from tunable‐stiffness grippers to tunable‐damping landing gear. This study presents a rigorous framework that systematically guides the design of jamming structures for target applications. The force‐deflection behavior of major types of jamming structures (i.e., grain, fiber, and layer) in fundamental loading conditions (e.g., tension, shear, and bending) is compared. High‐performing pairs (e.g., grains in compression, layers in shear, and bending) are identified. Parameters that go into designing, fabricating, and actuating a jamming structure (e.g., scale, material, geometry, and actuator) are described, along with their effects on functional metrics. Two key methods to expand on the design space of jamming structures are introduced: using structural design to achieve effective tunable‐impedance behavior in specific loading directions, and creating hybrid jamming structures to utilize the advantages of different types of jamming. Collectively, this study elaborates and extends the jamming design space, providing a conceptual modeling framework for jamming‐based structures.
Stamping Flexible Li Alloy Anodes
Authors: Gao Jinlong , Chen Chaoji , Dong Qi , Dai Jiaqi , Yao Yonggang , Li Tangyuan , Rundlett Alexandra , Wang Ruiliu , Wang Chengwei , Hu Liangbing 
Published: February 2021

AbstractLi metal holds great promise to be the ultimate anode choice owing to its high specific capacity and low redox potential. However, processing Li metal into thin‐film anode with high electrochemical performance and good safety to match commercial cathodes remains challenging. Herein, a new method is reported to prepare ultrathin, flexible, and high‐performance Li–Sn alloy anodes with various shapes on a number of substrates by directly stamping a molten metal solution. The printed anode is as thin as 15 µm, corresponding to an areal capacity of ≈3 mAh cm–2 that matches most commercial cathode materials. The incorporation of Sn provides the nucleation center for Li, thereby mitigating Li dendrites as well as decreasing the overpotential during Li stripping/plating (e.g., <10 mV at 0.25 mA cm–2). As a proof‐of‐concept, a flexible Li‐ion battery using the ultrathin Li–Sn alloy anode and a commercial NMC cathode demonstrates good electrochemical performance and reliable cell operation even after repetitive deformation. The approach can be extended to other metal/alloy anodes such as Na, K, and Mg. This study opens a new door toward the future development of high‐performance ultrathin alloy‐based anodes for next‐generation batteries.
Sequential Coevaporation and Deposition of Antimony Selenosulfide Thin Film for Efficient Solar Cells
Authors: Yin Yiwei , Jiang Chenhui , Ma Yuyuan , Tang Rongfeng , Wang Xiaomin , Zhang Lijian , Li Zhiqiang , Zhu Changfei , Chen Tao 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAntimony selenosulfide (Sb2(S,Se)3) is an emerging low‐cost, nontoxic solar material with suitable bandgap and high absorption coefficient. Developing effective methods for fabricating high‐quality films would benefit the device efficiency improvement and deepen the fundamental understanding on the optoelectronic properties. Herein, equipment is developed that allows online introduction of precursor vapor during the reaction process, enabling sequential coevaporation of Sb2Se3 and S powders for the deposition of Sb2(S,Se)3 thin films. With this unique ability, it is revealed that the deposition sequence manipulates both the interfacial properties and optoelectronic properties of the absorber film. A power conversion efficiency of 8.0% is achieved, which is the largest value in vapor‐deposition‐derived Sb2(S,Se)3 solar cells. The research demonstrates that multi‐source sequential coevaporation is an efficient technique to fabricate high‐efficiency Sb2(S,Se)3 solar cells.
Free‐Fixed Rotational Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Self‐Powered Real‐Time Wheel Monitoring
Authors: Jin Long , Zhang Steven L. , Xu Sixing , Guo Hengyu , Yang Weiqing , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDeveloping an applicable triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) for train wheel energy harvesting is a key step to meet the urgent need of wheel safety monitoring. Herein, an innovative design of free‐fixed TENG (FF‐TENG) is reported, without a serious negative impact on the wheel. The key of this design is the magnets fixed on the device and bogie, providing attractive force to immobilize the stator. With a rotational structure, FF‐TENG can provide a high short‐circuit current of 55 µA, an open‐circuit voltage of 500 V, and a charge of 235 nC at a rotation speed of 400 rpm. At an external load resistance of 10 MΩ, FF‐TENG delivers the maximum power of 15.68 mW. Furthermore, the superior robustness of FF‐TENG in vibration environment is proved. In addition, a power management circuit designed by LTC 3588 is tested for more efficient capacitor charging, leading to better performance to power electronics. Finally, a self‐powered real‐time wheel temperature and wheel speed monitoring system is developed with FF‐TENG as a safety alert demo for feasibility demonstration. Given the rational structure design and high performance, this work paves a practical way for TENGs in the field of intelligent transportation.
Elastic Halochromic Fiber as a Reversible pH Sensor
Authors: Hong Taekuk , Choi Yong Kyu , Lim Taekyung , Seo Keumyoung , Jeong Sang‐Mi , Ju Sanghyun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWearable textile colorimetric sensors are extremely effective for expressing danger or warning, as they are non‐invasive and exhibit easily recognizable color changes. However, unlike conventional sensors, these devices are actually worn by individuals and should, therefore, not only detect hazardous chemicals in real time but also maintain the reversibility, durability, and stability of color change upon exposure to sweat, repetitive movement, and environments involving continuous exposure to chemical substances. Herein, a halochromic fiber maintaining excellent pH sensing properties upon continuous exposure to chemical and physical stimuli is fabricated. The fiber surface is rendered hydrophobic by phosphonic acid treatment, and a composite pH indicator dye capable of simultaneously detecting acids and bases is embedded into the fiber pores. The halochromic fiber could accurately detect pH while maintaining a clear color transition even after repeated changes in the acidic–basic environment, returning to the neutral state within several seconds after termination of exposure to the test solution. Thus, the presented technique allows one to significantly improve the reversibility, durability, and stability of color change—a problem faced by conventional wearable sensors—and, thus, greatly contributes to the development of halochromic textile sensors applicable to real‐life work environments.
Exploring the Optical Bound State in the Continuum in a Dielectric Grating Coupled Plasmonic Hybrid System
Authors: Joseph Shereena , Sarkar Swagato , Khan Sunny , Joseph Joby 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe bound state in the continuum (BIC) explores the extraordinary optical properties of a system possessing wave characteristics that gained recent importance for practical applications, including lasing, sensing, optical tweezing, nonlinear interactions, and many more. Unlike a pure optical or plasmonic system, a hybrid architecture with coupled photonic–plasmonic characteristics can offer the intermittent resonant modes for suitable applications. Therefore, BIC modes are investigated here in such a photonic–plasmonic hybrid structure made up of a dielectric sinusoidal grating deposited on a flat metal layer via low‐cost fabrication methods. Such a design has not been subjected to the investigation of BIC formation so far. The structure‐supported resonant modes are numerically studied by analyzing the reflection characteristics in the parametric space. The Friedrich–Wintgen bound state (FW‐BIC) is produced by the interference of distinct resonance channels, further resulting in a quasi‐BIC hybrid mode revealed in the parametric sweep. An additional angular scan demonstrates the intrinsic symmetry‐protected BIC (SP‐BIC), and its hybridization with a plasmonic mode results in a distinct FW‐BIC mode and a quasi‐BIC hybrid mode. The experimentally obtained spectral characteristics in the angular resolved scan between 5 to 20 degrees verify the quasi‐BIC hybrid modes with good quality factors and enhanced field confinement.
Crosstalk between Bone and Nerves within Bone
Authors: Wan Qian‐Qian , Qin Wen‐Pin , Ma Yu‐Xuan , Shen Min‐Juan , Li Jing , Zhang Zi‐Bin , Chen Ji‐Hua , Tay Franklin R. , Niu Li‐Na , Jiao Kai 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFor the past two decades, the function of intrabony nerves on bone has been a subject of intense research, while the function of bone on intrabony nerves is still hidden in the corner. In the present review, the possible crosstalk between bone and intrabony peripheral nerves will be comprehensively analyzed. Peripheral nerves participate in bone development and repair via a host of signals generated through the secretion of neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, axon guidance factors and neurotrophins, with additional contribution from nerve‐resident cells. In return, bone contributes to this microenvironmental rendezvous by housing the nerves within its internal milieu to provide mechanical support and a protective shelf. A large ensemble of chemical, mechanical, and electrical cues works in harmony with bone marrow stromal cells in the regulation of intrabony nerves. The crosstalk between bone and nerves is not limited to the physiological state, but also involved in various bone diseases including osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, heterotopic ossification, psychological stress‐related bone abnormalities, and bone related tumors. This crosstalk may be harnessed in the design of tissue engineering scaffolds for repair of bone defects or be targeted for treatment of diseases related to bone and peripheral nerves.
Smart Design of Resistive Switching Memory by an In Situ Current‐Induced Oxidization Process on a Single Crystalline Metallic Nanowire
Authors: Shih Yu‐Chuan , Lee Ling , Liang Kai‐De , Manikandan Arumugam , Liu Wen‐Wu , Chen Yu‐Ze , Chang Mu‐Tung , Wang Zhiming M. , Chueh Yu‐Lun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractResistive switching random access memory (ReRAM) has recently generated significant interest due to its potentials used in nanoscale logic, memory devices, and neuromorphic applications. From the device physics, a uniform dielectric layer is necessary to access as the main switching layer to perform stable resistive switching. This, however, makes the fabrication process more challenging. In this regard, a design of resistive switching memory by an in situ current‐induced oxidization process on a single crystal metallic nanowire (NW) is demonstrated where a single crystal Cu NW is found as the best material with stable switching behaviors after the in situ current‐induced oxidization process. With the in situ current‐induced oxidization process by high current density on the Cu NW, a reversible resistive switching up to 100 cycles with a large ON/OFF ratio of >103 and a low switching voltage of <0.5 V can be obtained. The initial current‐induced oxidation provides a core–shell (Cu2O/Cu) nanowire structure that contributed to the switching properties. The possible switching mechanisms and potential guidelines are systematically proposed. The current work opens up the opportunities to design the ReRAM device with full‐ metallic materials.
Flexible Nanowire Cathode Membrane with Gradient Interfaces and Rapid Electron/Ion Transport Channels for Solid‐State Lithium Batteries
Authors: Cheng Yu , Shu Jun , Xu Lin , Xia Yangyang , Du Lulu , Zhang Gang , Mai Liqiang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSolid‐state lithium batteries (SSLBs) have attracted more attention due to their improved safety and high energy density. Although numerous solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) with high ionic conductivity have been frequently reported, poor solid–solid interfacial contact and interfacial chemical reactions around the cathode in SSLBs can hinder their practical application. Here, a gradient nanowire (NW) cathode is demonstrated for advanced interface engineering in SSLBs by a facile solvent evaporation process. In this unique gradient cathode membrane, one side surface with more ionic conductive polymer provides a smooth contact with SSE, while the other side surface with more electronic conductive NW/reduced graphene oxide composite provides rapid electron transport acting as a current collector. Furthermore, the inside NW cathode materials are uniformly coated by a solid polymer electrolyte and such a structure changes the point‐to‐point contact to a large‐area contact in the cathode, providing continuous channels for rapid electron/ion transport and improved mechanical strength. The effective interface engineering gives SSLBs enhanced structural stability and excellent electrochemical performance. The as‐obtained SSLBs can deliver 200 mAh g–1 capacity after 100 cycles at room temperature without obvious structural degradation. This novel design of NW‐based gradient cathodes demonstrates a promising strategy for solid–solid interface engineering in solid‐state lithium batteries.
Intravenous ferric derisomaltose for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia
Authors: Auerbach Michael , Henry David , DeLoughery Thomas G. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntravenous (IV) iron is the therapy of choice when oral iron is ineffective or poorly tolerated, yet use has been limited by fears of hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs). Newer formulations that bind iron more tightly and release it more slowly have made the risk of serious or severe HSRs very low. One such formulation, ferric derisomaltose, has been approved in the United States for delivery of 1000 mg iron in a single IV infusion. Ferric derisomaltose rapidly repletes iron parameters with low rates of serious or severe HSRs. Single‐infusion iron repletion offers convenience, eliminates adherence concerns, and reduces healthcare resource utilization.
A Long and Reversibly Self‐Assembling 1D DNA Nanostructure Built from Triplex and Quadruplex Hybrid Tiles
Authors: Lat Prince Kumar , Schultz Clayton W. , Yu Hua‐Zhong , Sen Dipankar 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe report a new DNA nanostructure, an extended 1‐dimensional composite built for the first time out of structurally robust yet conveniently disassembled DNA triple helices, interspersed with short stretches of G‐quadruplexes. These “TQ Hybrid” 1‐dimensional nanostructures require potassium ions and modestly acidic pH for their formation and are easily disassembled by changes to either of these requirements. We initially prepared and characterized a “monomeric” TQ Hybrid tile; followed by “sticky” TQstiles, incorporating unique guanine‐only sticky ends, that enable efficient self‐assembly via G‐quartet formation of nanostructures >150 nm in length, as seen with atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. We anticipate that such DNA TQ Hybrid structures will find unique and varied application as communication modules within larger nanostructures, and as sensors, logic gates, as well as in other aspects of DNA nanotechnology.
Permeation eines 5.1‐kDa‐Peptides durch einen Proteinkanal: Molekulare Basis der Translokation von Protamin durch CymA aus Klebsiella Oxytoca**
Authors: Pangeni Sushil , Prajapati Jigneshkumar Dahyabhai , Bafna Jayesh , Nilam Mohamed , Nau Werner M. , Kleinekathöfer Ulrich , Winterhalter Mathias 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWir quantifizieren den Fluss von Protamin (Ptm) durch CymA, einen passivem Membrankanal zur Aufnahme von Cyclodextrin. Unter Verwendung eines Fluoreszenztests auf Reporterpaarbasis konnten wir den Eintritt von Ptm in CymA‐haltige Liposomen nachweisen. Die Kinetik des Ptm‐Eintrags war unabhängig von seiner Konzentration, was darauf hindeutet, dass die Permeation durch CymA der geschwindigkeitsbestimmende Faktor ist. In einem weiteren Experiment haben wir einzelne CymA‐Kanäle in planare Lipiddoppelschichten eingebaut und die Ionenstromschwankungen in Gegenwart von Ptm aufgezeichnet. Hierbei konnten wir den spannungsabhängigen Eintritt einzelner Ptm‐Peptidmoleküle in den Kanal auflösen. Die Extrapolation auf null Transmembranspannung ergab in Übereinstimmung mit der Liposomenstudie etwa 1–2 Ereignisse pro Sekunde. Computersimulationen erlauben eine atomistische Ansicht der Permeationsereignisse. Unsere Studien zeigen, dass ein Konzentrationsgradient von 1 μm Ptm zu einer Translokationsrate von etwa einem Molekül pro Sekunde und pro Kanal führt.
Monomer Controlled Switchable Copolymerization: A Feasible Route for the Functionalization of Poly(lactide)
Authors: Huang Yuezhou , Hu Chenyang , Zhou Yanchuan , Duan Ranlong , Sun Zhiqiang , Wan Pengqi , Xiao Chunsheng , Pang Xuan , Chen Xuesi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSwitchable polymerization is an attractive strategy to enable the sequential selectivity of multi‐block polyesters. Besides, these well‐defined multi‐block polyesters could enable further modification for wider applications. Herein, based on the reversible insertion of CO2 by Salen‐MnIII, a new monomer controlled self‐switchable polymerization route was developed. Chemoselective ring opening copolymerization of O‐carboxyanhydrides (OCAs) and lactide (LA) was explored without cocatalyst. The sequential conversion of OCAs and LA into the polymer chain could form multi‐block polyesters. Based on this strategy, a series of multi‐block polyesters with different pendant groups were synthesized. Furthermore, by modifying the propargyl‐containing copolymers with quaternary ammonium groups, we have realized antibacterial functionalization of PLA. These results imply the potential application of this strategy for the fabrication of functional polymers for biomedical applications.
Allostery‐Mimicking Self‐assembly of Helical Poly(phenylacetylene) Block Copolymers and the Chirality Transfer
Authors: Cai Siliang , Chen Junxian , Wang Sheng , Zhang Jie , Wan Xinhua 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAllostery can regulate protein self‐assembly which further affects biological activities, and achieving precise control over the chiral suprastructures during self‐assembly remains challenging. Herein, to mimic the allosterical nature of proteins, the poly(phenylacetylene) block copolymers PPA‐b‐PsmNap with the dynamic helical backbone were synthesized to investigate their conformational‐transition‐induced self‐assembly. As the helical conformation of the block PsmNap spontaneously transforms from cis‐transiod to cis‐cisoid, the decreasing solubility of PsmNap blocks in THF induced self‐assembly of PPA‐b‐PsmNap. The self‐assembly structures of copolymers can sequentially evolve from vesicles to nanobelts to helical strands during the process of conformation transformation. The screw sense of final helical strands was strictly correlated to the helicity of the block PsmNap. This is helpful to understand the mechanism of allostery‐modulated self‐assembly.
A General Supramolecular Approach to Regulate Protein Functions by Cucurbit[7]uril and Unnatural Amino Acid Recognition
Authors: Cao Wenbing , Qin Xuewen , Wang Yong , Dai Zhen , Dai Xianyin , Wang Haoyu , Xuan Weimin , Zhang Yingming , Liu Yu , Liu Tao 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRegulation of specific protein function is of great importance for both research and therapeutic development. Many small or large molecules have been developed to control specific protein function, but there is a lack of a universal approach to regulate the function of any given protein. We report a general host–guest molecular recognition approach involving modification of the protein functional surfaces with genetically encoded unnatural amino acids bearing guest side chains that can be specifically recognized by cucurbit[7]uril. Using two enzymes and a cytokine as models, we showed that the activity of proteins bearing unnatural amino acid could be turned off by host molecule binding, which blocked its functional binding surface. Protein activity can be switched back by treatment with a competitive guest molecule. Our approach provides a general tool for reversibly regulating protein function through molecular recognition and can be expected to be valuable for studying protein functions.
Impacts of aerosols produced by biomass burning on the stratocumulus‐to‐cumulus transition in the equatorial Atlantic
Authors: Ajoku Osinachi F. , Miller Arthur J. , Norris Joel R. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe impact of aerosols produced by biomass burning on the stratocumulus‐to‐cumulus transition (SCT) in the equatorial Atlantic is studied using satellite‐based and reanalysis data for the month of June. The month of June is highlighted because it represents monsoon onset as well as the largest sea surface temperature gradient in the summer, which is the peak season of tropical African biomass burning. Boundary layer deepening and increasing temperatures put the location of the SCT within the Gulf of Guinea. Satellite retrievals indicate that the bulk of aerosols occur near 1,500 m in altitude, either above or below the boundary layer depending on latitudinal position. Changes in smoke loading over the Gulf of Guinea due to greater transport from southern Africa leads to increases in low‐level cloud cover above cloud decks and decreases when mixed within the boundary layer. Further south, we find significant changes to temperature, cloud top height, tropospheric stability and moisture availability near maximum aerosol loading. In addition, changes in vertical velocity during dirty conditions further reinforce changes in tropospheric stability. These effects combine to shorten the SCT in space during increased aerosol loading episodes.