bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of seismic multiattribute machine learning to determine coal strata thickness
Authors: Wu Yanhui , Wang Wei , Zhu Guowei , Wang Peng 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The coal mining industry is developing automated and intelligent coal mining processes. Accurate determination of the geological conditions of working faces is an important prerequisite for automated mining. The use of machine learning to extract comprehensive attributes from seismic data and the application of that data to determine the coal strata thickness has become an important area of research in recent years. Conventional coal strata thickness interpretation methods do not meet the application requirements of mines. Determining the coal strata thickness with machine learning solves this problem to a large extent, especially for issues of exploration accuracy. In this study, we use seismic exploration data from the Xingdong coal mine, with the 1225 working face as the research object, and we apply seismic multiattribute machine learning to determine the coal strata thickness. First, through optimal selection, we perform seismic multiattribute extraction and optimal multiparameter selection by selecting the seismic attributes with good responses to the coal strata thickness and extracting training samples. Second, we optimise the model through a trial-and-error method and use machine learning for training. Finally, we illustrate the advantages of this method using actual data. We compare the results of the proposed model with results based on a single attribute, The results show that application of seismic multiattribute machine learning to determine coal strata thickness meets the requirements of geological inspection and has a good application performance and practical significance in complex areas.
Biot's equations-based reservoir parameter inversion using deep neural networks
Authors: Xiong Fansheng , Yong Heng , Chen Hua , Wang Han , Shen Weidong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractReservoir parameter inversion from seismic data is an important issue in rock physics. The traditional optimisation-based inversion method requires high computational expense, and the process exhibits subjectivity due to the nonuniqueness of generated solutions. This study proposes a deep neural network (DNN)-based approach as a new means to analyse the sensitivity of seismic attributes to basic rock-physics parameters and then realise fast parameter inversion. First, synthetic data of inputs (reservoir properties) and outputs (seismic attributes) are generated using Biot's equations. Then, a forward DNN model is trained to carry out a sensitivity analysis. One can in turn investigate the influence of each rock-physics parameter on the seismic attributes calculated by Biot's equations, and the method can also be used to estimate and evaluate the accuracy of parameter inversion. Finally, DNNs are applied to parameter inversion. Different scenarios are designed to study the inversion accuracy of porosity, bulk and shear moduli of a rock matrix considering that the input quantities are different. It is found that the inversion of porosity is relatively easy and accurate, while more information is needed to make the inversion more accurate for bulk and shear moduli. From the presented results, the new approach makes it possible to realise accurate and pointwise inverse modelling with high efficiency for actual data interpretation and analysis.
Fracture characteristics of basic roof and mechanism of strata behavior in a pillarless working face
Authors: Guo Shuai , Tai Yang , Wang Zi-Wei , Shi Bo-Wen , Yang Kun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAs a research hotspot, pillarless coal mining technology has a high resource recovery rate and low roadway surrounding rock stress. To grasp the three-dimensional fracture characteristics of the basic roof is the basic to reveal the strata behavior mechanism in the pillarless working face. Thus, aiming at pillarless coal mining, the analytical solution of three-dimensional fracture mechanics models of a basic roof was analyzed by elastic thin plate theory; the principal stress distribution of a basic roof being cut by continuous artificial fractures and discontinuous artificial fractures was analyzed; the fracture characteristics of the basic roof was revealed and the strata behavior mechanism was obtained. The following conclusions can be drawn: (i) an ‘O + X’ fracture occurred in the basic roof of a traditional working face, while an opposite-trapezoid-shaped or ≡-shaped fracture was generated in the pillarless working face. (ii) When the basic roof broke, the trapezoidal or rectangular hinged plate traversed the entire pillarless working face, causing the end supports to be pressured, while the trapezoidal hinged plate did not traverse the entire traditional working face and the end supports were not pressured. (iii) The break of a basic roof induced by artificial fractures in pillarless mining reduced or even eliminated the triangular hinged plate area along the goaf edges, making a roadway in the stress relief zone. (iv) Compared with the fractures in traditional roadways and in a discontinuous roof-cutting roadway, continuous fractures could minimize surrounding rock stress and make it easy to maintain a roof-cutting roadway.
Evaluating the Efficacy of a Screening Protocol for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Virus in Asymptomatic Preoperative/Preprocedural Patients at a Military Hospital
Authors: Barber Cooper , Syski Andrew , Leaird Jennifer , Call R Christopher , Williams Ann , Learn Peter 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Facing the COVID-19 pandemic, many hospitals implemented severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) screening protocols before aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) in an effort to protect patients and health care workers. Given the limited prior evidence on the effectiveness of such protocols, we report the process improvement experience at a military treatment facility.

Materials and Methods
We evaluated the outcomes of patients undergoing AGPs from March to September 2020, divided into three cohorts: a preprotocol (PP) cohort who did not receive screening, an early testing (ET) cohort representing the early months of the screening protocol, and a late testing (LT) cohort managed under adaptive modifications to the screening protocol. We recorded identifiable post-procedure COVID-19 diagnoses. The study was approved as a process improvement protocol and was determined not to meet criteria for human subject research through an institutional approval process.

Results
Across the three cohorts, 4520 procedures were performed: 422 PP, 1297 ET, and 2801 LT. Among 4098 procedures in the ET and LT cohorts, 12 asymptomatic patients tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (0.29% positivity rate). One left the health system before completing the procedure and another proceeded urgently under COVID precautions, while 10 were rescheduled and completed at a later date; 7 were cleared using a test-based strategy, while 3 were cleared using a time-based strategy. Of 445 patients who had SARS-CoV-2 tests performed within 30 days following their procedures, three patients with negative preoperative tests had a positive test within 30 days, all in the LT cohort but had evidence of acquiring the infection after the procedure or had a false-positive test.

Conclusions
Our strategy of preprocedural SARS-CoV-2 testing successfully identified asymptomatic infected patients before surgery. Care was delayed for most of these patients without apparent detriment. Adaptation to a time-based strategy for clearance might reduce such delays, but other considerations may still influence how soon procedures should be completed after a positive test.
Interluekin-6 inhibitors for the treatment of adult-onset Still’s disease
Authors: Kaneko Yuko 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
Adult-onset Still’s disease is a systemic inflammatory disease characterized by high spiking fever, arthritis, evanescent skin rash, leukocytosis, and hyperferritinemia. The pathogenesis of adult-onset Still’s disease has not been fully understood yet; however, multiple proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β and IL-6, play important roles in the development of adult-onset Still’s disease. IL-6 is a multifunctional cytokine that accelerates the differentiation of macrophages and cytotoxic T-cells and chemotaxis of neutrophils and macrophages. Serum concentrations of IL-6 well correlate with disease activity of adult-onset Still’s disease, and blockade of IL-6 has been proven to be effective in active adult-onset Still’s disease. This review will focus on the recent understanding of the role of proinflammatory cytokines of adult-onset Still’s disease and the efficacy of IL-6 inhibitors for the treatment of adult-onset Still’s disease.
Phenotypic landscape of systemic lupus erythematosus: An analysis of the Kyoto Lupus Cohort
Authors: Iwasaki Takeshi , Doi Hiroshi , Tsuji Hideaki , Tabuchi Yuya , Hashimoto Motomu , Kitagori Koji , Akizuki Shuji , Murakami Kosaku , Nakashima Ran , Yoshifuji Hajime , Yamamoto Wataru , Tanaka Masao , Ohmura Koichiro , Morinobu Akio 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe present study aimed to clarify comprehensive relationships among the clinical variables of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).MethodsWe retrospectively surveyed 32 clinical variables in 581 patients and conducted comprehensive association studies among SLE clinical phenotypes. A univariate analysis of all possible combinations was performed, and the results of phenotypic correlations were reduced into two dimensions. We also created a regression formula using L1 regularisation (LASSO) to calculate the probability of exhibiting each phenotype.ResultsThe univariate analysis identified 26 correlations, including multiple phenotypes with low complement. Some unpredicted correlations were identified, including fever and the anti-Sm antibody (odds ratio; OR = 2.3, p = 1.6 × 10–5) or thrombocytopenia and psychosis (OR = 3.7, p = 3.2 × 10–5). The multivariate analysis accurately estimated the probability of exhibiting each phenotype (area under the curve &gt; 0.7) in 10 out of 20 phenotypes.ConclusionsThe present results show the phenotypic architecture of SLE and represent a model for estimating the probability of exhibiting each phenotype. They also offer insights into the pathology of SLE and estimating the probability of the onset of new phenotypes in clinical practice.
The dominant TP53 hotspot mutation in
IDH
-mutant astrocytoma, R273C, has distinctive pathologic features and sex-specific prognostic implications
Authors: Marker Daniel F , Agnihotri Sameer , Amankulor Nduka , Murdoch Geoffrey H , Pearce Thomas M 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
Infiltrative astrocytic tumors with and without isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation frequently contain mutations in the TP53 tumor suppressor gene. Disruption of normal p53 protein activity confers neoplastic cells with a number of oncogenic properties and is a common feature of aggressive malignancies. However, the high prevalence of TP53 mutation and its pathogenic role in IDH-mutant (IDHmut) astrocytoma is not well understood.

Methods
We performed a retrospective analysis of molecular and clinical data from patients with IDHmut astrocytoma at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center between 2015 and 2019 as our initial cohort. We validated and expanded our findings using molecular and clinical data from The Cancer Genome Atlas.

Results
We show that the TP53 mutational spectrum in IDHmut astrocytomas is dominated by a single hotspot mutation that codes for the R273C amino acid change. This mutation is not enriched in IDH-wildtype astrocytomas. The high prevalence of TP53R273C mutation is not readily explained by known mutagenic mechanisms, and TP53R273C mutant tumors have lower transcriptional levels of proliferation-related genes compared to IDHmut astrocytomas harboring other forms of mutant p53. Despite lower proliferation, TP53R273C mutant tumors tend to progress more quickly and have a shorter overall survival than those with other TP53 mutations, particularly in male patients.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that compared to other TP53 mutations, IDHmut astrocytomas may select for TP53R273C mutations during tumorigenesis. The genotype, sex, and mutation-specific findings are clinically relevant and should prompt further investigation of TP53R273C.
A Phase 2 Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of the Monoclonal Antibody MHAA4549A in Patients With Acute Uncomplicated Influenza A Infection
Authors: Lim Jeremy J , Dar Sadia , Venter Dirk , Horcajada Juan P , Kulkarni Priya , Nguyen Allen , McBride Jacqueline M , Deng Rong , Galanter Joshua , Chu Tom , Newton Elizabeth M , Tavel Jorge A , Peck Melicent C 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
MHAA4549A, a human monoclonal antibody targeting the influenza A hemagglutinin stalk, neutralizes influenza A virus in animal and human volunteer challenge studies. We investigated the safety and tolerability, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of MHAA4549A in outpatients with acute, uncomplicated influenza A infection.

Methods
This was a phase 2, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of single intravenous (IV) doses of 3600 mg or 8400 mg of MHAA4549A or IV placebo in adult outpatients testing positive for influenza A. Patients were enrolled across 35 sites in 6 countries. Randomization and dosing occurred within ≤72 hours of symptom onset; the study duration was 14 weeks. The primary end point was the nature and frequency of adverse events (AEs). Secondary end points included median time to alleviation of all influenza symptoms, effects on nasopharyngeal viral load and duration of viral shedding, and MHAA4549A serum pharmacokinetics.

Results
Of 125 randomized patients, 124 received study treatment, with 99 confirmed positive for influenza A by central testing. The frequency of AEs between the MHAA4549A and placebo groups was similar; nausea was most common (8 patients; 6.5%). MHAA4549A serum exposure was confirmed in all MHAA4549A-treated patients and was dose-proportional. No hospitalizations or deaths occurred. Between the MHAA4549A and placebo groups, no statistically significant differences occurred in the median time to alleviation of all symptoms, nasopharyngeal viral load, or duration of viral shedding.

Conclusions
While MHAA4549A was safe and well tolerated with confirmed exposure, the antibody did not improve clinical outcomes in patients with acute uncomplicated influenza A infection.
How Teaching in Underserved Schools Affects Beliefs about Education Inequality and Reform
Authors: Conn Katharine M , Lovison Virginia S , Mo Cecilia Hyunjung 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
What effect does experience as a teacher—the street-level bureaucrat of the education system—have on one’s education policy opinions and beliefs? We consider the case of Teach For America (TFA), a prominent alternative teacher preparation provider with an admissions process that generates quasi-random variation in applicants’ likelihood of being a teacher. We leverage this variation using a regression discontinuity design and collect outcome data by surveying TFA applicants regarding education inequality and reform. We find that teaching in underserved schools leads individuals to favor more structural as opposed to individualistic explanations for poor student outcomes. When asked to evaluate education reform strategies to address education inequality, we find that these teachers are more likely to support policy prescriptions that improve both student outcomes and teachers’ working conditions, namely investments that expand access to school-based services (e.g., meals, counselors) for low-income children. Similarly, teaching experience causes no change in support, and in some cases, less support for policy levers that do not unambiguously improve student outcomes or teachers’ working conditions, such as market-based school reforms. Moreover, experience in the classroom cultivates greater optimism in the potential of educators and schools.
Combined intermittent and sustained hypoxia is a novel and deleterious cardio-metabolic phenotype
Authors: Zhen Xin , Moya Esteban A , Gautane Mary , Zhao Huayi , Lawrence Elijah S , Gu Wanjun , Barnes Laura A , Yuan Jason X-J , Jain Pritesh P , Xiong Mingmei , Catalan Serra Pablo , Pham Luu V , Malhotra Atul , Simonson Tatum S , Mesarwi Omar A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Study Objectives
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and obstructive sleep apnea overlap syndrome is associated with excess mortality, and outcomes are related to the degree of hypoxemia. People at high altitudes are susceptible to periodic breathing, and hypoxia at altitude is associated with cardio-metabolic dysfunction. Hypoxemia in these scenarios may be described as superimposed sustained hypoxia (SH) plus intermittent hypoxia (IH), or overlap hypoxia (OH), the effects of which have not been investigated. We aimed to characterize the cardio-metabolic consequences of OH in mice.

Methods
C57BL/6J mice were subjected to either SH (FiO2 = 0.10), IH (FiO2 = 0.21 for 12 h, and FiO2 oscillating between 0.21 and 0.06, 60 times/hour, for 12 h), OH (FiO2 = 0.13 for 12 h, and FiO2 oscillating between 0.13 and 0.06, 60 times/hour, for 12 h), or room air (RA), n = 8/group. Blood pressure and intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test were measured serially, and right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) was assessed.

Results
Systolic blood pressure transiently increased in IH and OH relative to SH and RA. RVSP did not increase in IH, but increased in SH and OH by 52% (p &lt; .001) and 20% (p = .001). Glucose disposal worsened in IH and improved in SH, with no change in OH. Serum low- and very-low-density lipoproteins increased in OH and SH, but not in IH. Hepatic oxidative stress increased in all hypoxic groups, with the highest increase in OH.

Conclusions
OH may represent a unique and deleterious cardio-metabolic stimulus, causing systemic and pulmonary hypertension, and without protective metabolic effects characteristic of SH.
Equity: now assisting volunteers? A case comment on Khan v Mahmood [2021] EWHC 597 (Ch)
Authors: Freeman Matthew , Pullar Zachariah 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The decision in Khan v Mahmood is a further example in recent years of the High Court grappling with the issue of when a gift, imperfect at law, might yet be complete in equity. The case is notable for how it treated (or omitted to treat) key authorities on imperfect gifts; its approach to, and analysis of the Pennington v Waine ‘unconscionability’ test; and the broader implications of the direction of travel established by Pennington for equity’s conventional stance that it ‘will not assist a volunteer’.
New insights into colorectal cancer liver metastasis carcinogenesis and its effect with moxibustion
Authors: Song Ya-Fang , Pei Li-Xia , Guo Jing , Zhuang Yi , Wang Yu-Hang , Zhao Ting-Ting , Chen Lu , Zhou Jin-Yong , Sun Jian-Hua 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundChemotherapeutic drugs creates severe adverse reactions for colorectal cancer. Moxibustion confers clinical benefits for postoperative patients undergoing chemotherapy, it will fill the blank period of western medicine treatment and provide useful help for tumor patients to prevent recurrence and metastasis, but the physiological mechanisms behind the antitumor effects are unclear. This study was aimed to determine the effect and characterize the differential cytokines and gene expression profiles in intrasplenic transplanted GFP-HCT-116 cells-induced tumors model by Pre-Mox, Post-Mox and Pre-Post-Mox intervention.MethodsHuman CRC cells with GFP fluorescence were implanted via intrasplenic injection into Balb/c nude mice spleens. Moxibustion stimulation was applied to the BL18 and ST36 acupoints. The model control (MC) group were given no treatment. Pre-Mox mice were received moxibustion for 2 weeks before HCT-116 cell injection. Post-Mox mice received moxibustion for 3 weeks after CRC cell injection. Pre-Post-Mox mice received moxibustion for 5 weeks (2 weeks before and 3 weeks after CRC cell injection). Peripheral bloods were collected, pooled and assayed using a RayBio® mouse inflammation antibody array. Multi-Analyte Suspension Array was opted for verification. RNA isolated from liver paracancerous tissues from the control group and the experimental groups was subjected to RNA-seq, and then screened out significant differences for in-depth verification.RESULTSThe results showed that moxibustion stimulation increased the survival rate and decreased CRC liver metastasis. With the help of Multi-Analyte Suspension Array and RNA-seq, we screened significant differential expression of cytokines and RNA, then further verified them. The metastasis rate decreased significantly from 100% (10/10, MC group) to 50% (6/12, Pre-Mox group), to 46% (6/13, Post-Mox group), and further to 25% (3/12, Pre-Post-Mox group). Cytokine chips were used significant differences were found in MIP-3α, MDC, IL-6, and IL-1a. Transcriptomic analysis suggested that the low-dose combination of Pre-Mox and Post-Mox modulated larger gene sets than the single treatment. We identified a small subset of genes, like APOA4, IGFBP5, IGFBP6, TIMP1, and MGP, as potential molecular targets involved in the preventive action of the combination of Pre-Mox and Post-Mox.ConclusionsTaken together, the current results provide the first evidence in support of the chemopreventive effect of a combination of Pre-Mox and Post-Mox in CRC. Moreover, the cytokines and transcriptional profile obtained in our study may provide a framework for identifying the mechanisms underlying the carcinogenesis process from colonic cancer to liver metastasis as well as the cancer inhibitory effects and potential molecular targets of Pre-Post-Mox.
Understanding barriers to consumers to stop washing raw poultry through in-depth interviews
Authors: Gilman Abigail , Henley Shauna C. , Quinlan Jennifer 
Published: December 2021

PurposeFoodborne illness from poultry may be associated with improper handling that results in cross contamination. Washing of raw poultry is one practice that can lead to cross contamination. Some consumers continue to wash raw poultry after learning that not washing raw poultry is the safe behavior. There is a need to better understand why some consumers continue this practice and identify barriers to them adopting the correct behavior.Design/methodology/approachThis research utilized qualitative, in-depth interviews to understand some consumer's barriers to adopting the behavior of not washing raw poultry. The interview questioning route was iteratively developed and designed to allow both structure and flexibility. Questions were anchored in the Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change. Interviews (N = 23) were conducted over Zoom. Thematic analysis identified themes around consumers' resistance to adopting the correct behavior for handling raw poultry.FindingsResults from the thematic analysis indicate that chicken preparation methods were primarily influenced by family. A desire to control the process of preparing food, lack of trust in chicken processing, and the habitual nature of the behavior all contributed to the continuation of washing raw poultry. Over half of the participants (61%) expressed interest in changing behaviors in the future. Needing supporting scientific evidence, and an alternative behavior to replace washing were two key factors to support the development of future public health messaging.Originality/valueThis study investigates the barriers to safe raw poultry handling utilizing in-depth interviews and contributes to the development of more effective public health messaging.