bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theoretical and experimental studies of the kinetics of the reaction of 1‐chloropropane and fully deuterated 1‐chloropropane with atomic chlorine
Authors: Fojcik Łukasz , Sarzyński Dariusz S. , Dryś Andrzej , Latajka Zdzisław 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe overall rate constant for H‐abstraction (kH) from CH3CH2CH2Cl and D‐abstraction (kD) from CD3CH2CD2Cl by chlorine atoms is described by the formulas:
and respectively. The results of the experiment show that the value of the kinetic isotope effect (kH/kD) for the overall rate constants is also temperature dependent in the temperature range of 298–550 K and can be expressed as . The titled reaction was also studied theoretically for the same range of temperatures and with both isotope substituents, just like in the experiment. The computations were made using the MP2 method and the aug‐cc‐pVDZ basis set. This paper presents detailed results relating to structural parameters of each of the compounds, complexes, and all energy stages important to the reaction mechanism analysis. It also describes all possible individual channels of the process and their feasibilities. In addition, a kinetic analysis of the process was carried out with branching ratio calculations. The results presented here have been compared with those discussed in a paper published earlier, in which the same process was investigated.
Effects of altitude, aspect, and soil depth on carbon stocks and properties of soils in a tea plantation in the humid Black Sea region
Authors: Yüksek Turan , Yüksek Filiz 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPhysiographic factors effectively alter soil properties and carbon storage. However, previous research on the effect of topographic factors affecting soil properties on carbon stocks in tea plantations has been limited in the humid Black Sea region. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of elevation, aspect, and soil depth on carbon stocks and soil properties of tea plantations in the Black Sea region. The tea plantations in the research area were divided into two elevation steps and two different aspect groups. Twelve soil sampling plots were then determined according to the stratified random sampling method in each elevation and aspect group; soil samples were taken at 0–10 cm and 10–30 cm soil depths. The amount of carbon stored at a soil depth of 30 cm was found to be 49.38 and 32.36 Mg C ha−1 at the upper and lower altitudes, respectively. Highest carbon density in the tea plantations in the research area was found to be 16.34 kg m−3 at a depth of 0–10 cm. The changes in the soil organic carbon (SOC) values according to elevation and soil depth were statistically significant, while the difference among the carbon storage values was not statistically significant. According to the results of our investigation, elevation is a more effective factor than aspect on SOC in tea plantation areas of highly humid climates.
Technical Note: On the feasibility of performing dosimetry in target and organ at risk using polymer dosimetry gel and thermoluminescence detectors in an anthropomorphic, deformable, and multimodal pelvis phantom
Authors: Marot Mathieu , Elter Alina , Mann Philipp , Schwahofer Andrea , Lang Clemens , Johnen Wibke , Körber Stefan A. , Beuthien‐Baumann Bettina , Gillmann Clarissa 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the feasibility of performing dose measurements in the target (prostate) and an adjacent organ at risk (rectum) using polymer dosimetry gel and thermoluminescence detectors (TLDs) in an anthropomorphic, deformable, and multimodal pelvis phantom (ADAM PETer).MethodsThe 3D printed prostate organ surrogate of the ADAM PETer phantom was filled with polymer dosimetry gel. Nine TLD600 (LiF:Mg,Ti) were installed in 3 × 3 rows on a specifically designed 3D‐printed TLD holder. The TLD holder was inserted into the rectum at the level of the prostate and fixed by a partially inflated endorectal balloon. Computed tomography (CT) images were taken and treatment planning was performed. A prescribed dose of 4.5 Gy was delivered to the planning target volume (PTV). The doses measured by the dosimetry gel in the prostate and the TLDs in the rectum (“measured dose”) were compared to the doses calculated by the treatment planning system (“planned dose”) on a voxel‐by‐voxel basis.ResultsIn the prostate organ surrogate, the 3D‐γ‐index was 97.7% for the 3% dose difference and 3 mm distance to agreement criterium. In the center of the prostate organ surrogate, measured and planned doses showed only minor deviations (<0.1 Gy, corresponding to a percentage error of 2.22%). On the edges of the prostate, slight differences between planned and measured doses were detected with a maximum deviation of 0.24 Gy, corresponding to 5.3% of the prescribed dose. The difference between planned and measured doses in the TLDs was on average 0.08 Gy (range: 0.02–0.21 Gy), corresponding to 1.78% of the prescribed dose (range: 0.44%–4.67%).ConclusionsThe present study demonstrates the feasibility of using polymer dosimetry gel and TLDs for 3D and 1D dose measurements in the prostate and the rectum organ surrogates in an anthropomorphic, deformable and multimodal phantom. The described methodology might offer new perspectives for end‐to‐end tests in image‐guided adaptive radiotherapy workflows.
Subcutaneous immunoglobulin treatment for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
Authors: Goyal Namita A. , Karam Chafic , Sheikh Kazim A. , Dimachkie Mazen M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractImmunoglobulin G (IgG) therapy is an established long‐term treatment in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) that is commonly administered intravenously (IVIg). The subcutaneous immunoglobulin (SCIg) administration route is a safe and effective alternative option, approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2018, for maintenance treatment of adults with CIDP. Physicians and patients alike need to be aware of all their treatment options in order to make informed decisions and plan long‐term treatment strategies. In this review, we collate the evidence for SCIg in CIDP from all published studies and discuss their implications and translation to clinical practice. We also provide guidance on the practicalities of how and when to transition patients from IVIg to SCIg and ongoing patient support. Evidence suggests that IVIg and SCIg have comparable long‐term efficacy in CIDP. However, SCIg can provide additional benefits for some patients, including no requirement for venous access or premedication, and reduced frequency of systemic adverse events. Local‐site reactions are more common with SCIg than IVIg, but these are mostly well‐tolerated and abate with subsequent infusions. Data suggest that many patients prefer SCIg following transition from IVIg. SCIg preference may be a result of the independence and flexibility associated with self‐infusion, whereas IVIg preference may be a result of familiarity and reliance on a healthcare professional for infusions. In practice, individualizing maintenance dosing based on disease behavior and determining the minimally effective IgG dose for individuals are key considerations irrespective of the administration route chosen.
Role of centers with different patient volumes in the management of rhabdomyosarcoma. An analysis by the Italian Pediatric Soft Tissue Sarcoma Committee
Authors: Bisogno Gianni , Congiu Giovanna , Affinita Maria Carmen , Milano Giuseppe Maria , Zanetti Ilaria , Coppadoro Beatrice , Manzitti Carla , Basso Eleonora , Tamburini Angela , Melchionda Fraia , Cellini Monica , Pericoli Roberta , D'Angelo Paolo , Di Cataldo Andrea , De Leonardis Francesco , Rabusin Marco , De Corti Federica , Zin Angelica , Alaggio Rita , Scarzello Giovanni , Ferrari Andrea 
Published: July 2021

AbstractProcedureThe survival of children with rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) has gradually improved as a result of the adoption of multidisciplinary treatments. Dedicated skills and facilities are indispensable and more readily available at reference centers. In this study, we examined the role of centers’ experience (based on the number of patients treated) in their management of patients with RMS.MethodsWe analyzed 342 patients with localized RMS enrolled in the European RMS 2005 protocol from October 2005 to December 2016 at 31 Italian centers that are part of the Soft Tissue Sarcoma Committee (STSC). We grouped the centers by the number of patients each one enrolled (Group 1: >40; Group 2: <40 and >10; and Group 3: <10), and compared a number of indicators to assess the appropriateness of patients’ diagnostic workup and treatment and their survival.ResultsOverall, 74.6% of patients were treated at 10 centers, and only three of them classifiable as high‐volume centers. Only minor differences emerged between the three patient groups in terms of diagnostic investigations and treatment modalities. Survival was similar in the three groups. Approximately, one in four children treated at the centers in Groups 2 and 3 traveled to another center for surgery or radiotherapy.ConclusionPatients treated at STSC centers with different amounts of experience had similar results in terms of survival. This is attributable to all centers in the network adhering to protocol recommendations and receiving the STSC's support on diagnostics and multidisciplinary treatments for RMS.
Adjuvant chemoradiation for high‐grade cardiac leiomyosarcoma in a child: Case report and review of literature
Authors: Janopaul‐Naylor James , Kanter Kirk R. , Flampouri Stella , Nguyen Vivi , Olson Thomas A. , Eaton Bree R. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA 13‐year‐old healthy girl presented with dizziness and palpitations, found to have a left atrial mass. An 8‐cm tumor was removed en bloc. Pathology confirmed grade 3 leiomyosarcoma with multifocal positive margins. She received adjuvant ifosfamide and doxorubicin, followed by concurrent proton radiotherapy and ifosfamide. Radiotherapy included 66 Gy (RBE) in 33 fractions to the operative bed. Prospectively graded toxicities included Grade 2 esophagitis and Grade 1 anorexia, dermatitis, and fatigue. She completed six cycles of ifosfamide. Two years post operation, she had no evidence of disease, intermittent palpitations with normal cardiac function, and no other cardiopulmonary or esophageal symptoms.
Clinicians’ attitudes towards parental choice in the era of advanced genomic tests in pregnancy
Authors: Macarov Michal , Meiner Vardiella , Chalk Michal , Hochner Hagit , Shkedi‐Rafid Shiri 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveIsrael is one of the first countries to incorporate chromosomal microarray analysis into routine prenatal care. We explored attitudes of Israeli healthcare professionals (HCPs) towards the disclosure of challenging findings: variants of uncertain clinical significance (VUS), susceptibility loci (SL) for neurodevelopmental disorders and variants associated with adult‐onset (AO) conditions. Particularly, we sought their views on providing parental choice regarding the disclosure of these findings.MethodsTwenty‐nine in‐depth interviews were conducted with genetic counselors (n = 19), medical geneticists (n = 4), medical geneticists that are trained in and practice fetal medicine (n = 3), and fetal medicine experts (n = 3).ResultsMost participants (n = 24) supported parental choice regarding uncertain genetic information. Engaging parents in disclosure decisions allows avoidance from potentially anxiety‐provoking information, practicing parental autonomy, and better preparation in cases where uncertain findings are identified. HCPs believed that given appropriate preparation, parents can make informed decisions. Four participants believed that disclosure should be based on professional judgment and one supported full‐disclosure. Unlike VUS or SL, all interviewees agreed that in cases of medically actionable AO conditions, the benefit of disclosure outweighs the damage.ConclusionHCPs attitudes are largely in‐line with the Israeli practice of involving parents in disclosure decisions regarding uncertain information. This may mitigate disclosure dilemmas and allow personalized disclosure based on parents' views.
Effect of ICD‐9‐CM to ICD‐10‐CM coding system transition on identification of common conditions: An interrupted time series analysis
Authors: Hsu Meng‐Chen , Wang Chi‐Chuan , Huang Ling‐Ya , Lin Chih‐Ying , Lin Fang‐Ju , Toh Sengwee 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the effect of diagnostic coding system transition on the identification of common conditions recorded in Taiwan's national claims database.MethodsUsing the National Health Insurance Research Database, we estimated the 3‐month prevalence of recorded diagnosis of 32 conditions based on the ICD‐9‐CM codes in 2014–2015 and the ICD‐10‐CM codes in 2016–2017. Two algorithms were assessed for ICD‐10‐CM: validated ICD‐10 codes in the literature and codes translated from ICD‐9‐CM using an established mapping algorithm. We used segmented regression analysis on time‐series data to examine changes in the 3‐month prevalence (both level and trend) before and after the ICD‐10‐CM implementation.ResultsSignificant changes in the level were found in 19 and 11 conditions when using the ICD‐10 codes from the literature and mapping algorithm, respectively. The conditions with inconsistent levels by both of the algorithms were valvular heart disease, peripheral vascular disease, mild liver disease, moderate to severe liver disease, metastatic cancer, rheumatoid arthritis and collagen vascular diseases, coagulopathy, blood loss anemia, deficiency anemia, alcohol abuse, and psychosis. Nine conditions had significant changes in the trend when using the ICD‐10 codes from the literature or mapping algorithm.ConclusionsLess than half of the 32 conditions studied had a smooth transition between the ICD‐9‐CM and ICD‐10‐CM coding systems. Researchers should pay attention to the conditions where the coding definitions result in inconsistent time series estimates.
Gas chromatography–mass spectrometric determination of organic acids in fruit juices by multiwalled carbon nanotube–based ion‐pair dispersive solid‐phase extraction and in situ butylation
Authors: Mutyam Satish , Chilakala Shireesha , Tallapally Maheshwari , Upadhyayula Vijayasarathi V. R. 
Published: July 2021

RationaleFruit juices are naturally acidic, and the acidity is due to the formation of various organic acids formed in several metabolic processes. The content of acids varies due to various processing parameters during the preparation of fruit juices and their packaging for commercialization. Quantitative determination of organic acids provides the necessary information leading to changes occurred during processing.MethodsThe organic acids were extracted by ion‐pair dispersive solid‐phase extraction by multiwalled carbon nanotubes and analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and in situ butylation.ResultsThe developed analytical method was validated, and the obtained results showed a linearity in the range of 0.5–5000 μg/L levels of the analytes with limit of detection and quantification values of 2–10 and 5–20 μg/L, respectively. The inter‐ and intra‐day reproducibilities are less than 15% with 80%–98% recoveries and less than 20% matrix effect. The developed method was used for the quantitative determination of organic acids present in fresh and packaged apple, grape, orange, and pomegranate juice samples. The content of organic acids was observed in the range of 0.26–3793 μg/L. Pimelic acid was not detected in any of the analyzed fruit juices. Fumaric acid (FA) was observed to be a major organic diacid present in the natural fruit juices. The results indicated that the processing of fruit juices for packaging decreases the content of organic acids in fruits.ConclusionsThe developed GC–MS–based analytical method for the analysis of organic acids has good sensitivity and reproducibility for the quantitative determination of various organic acids in fruit juices. FA was observed to be the major carboxylic acid present in fruits. The processed juice samples possess the lowest concentration of organic acids, suggesting that processing has a significant effect on the concentration of organic acids in fruits.
A unified framework for the identification of a general class of multivariable nonlinear block‐structured systems
Authors: Cerone Vito , Razza Valentino , Regruto Diego 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article addresses the parametric identification of block‐structured nonlinear systems in a general form, characterized by the feedback interconnection of a multivariable linear system and a static multivariate nonlinear map. We assume that both the input and the output collected data are affected by bounded noise, which casts the problem in the context of set‐membership (SM) errors‐in‐variables identification. We introduce a single‐stage SM identification algorithm for the computation of the parameter uncertainty intervals. The proposed solution exploits the formulation of a suitable optimization problem solved through convex relaxation techniques. Numerical simulations and an experimental test show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Make choices that enable creativity, happiness despite change, disruption
Authors: Hope Joan 
Published: July 2021

When kids are three or four, everything in their life is a celebration, said Joel Zeff, President of Joel Zeff Creative and author of Make the Right Choice: Creating a Positive, Innovative, and Productive Work Life. He was a keynote speaker at the American Association of Collegiate Registrars and Admissions Officers annual conference. Celebrating children's “ta‐da” moments fuels their confidence and interest in taking risk, he added.
Liquid Crystal Entrapped Porous Films for Ammonia Sensing and Determination of Surface Properties of Liquid Crystal Molecule
Authors: Isik Birol , Cakar Fatih , Cankurtaran Ozlem , Cankurtaran Husnu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA highly ordered porous film was fabricated by the sol‐gel process using 3‐mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTMS) precursor and polystyrene microspheres template. The liquid crystal (LC) (4‐(Octyloxy) benzoic acid) (OBA) was entrapped into the voids of the pre‐fabricated porous structure to obtain sensing materials that were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR). The impedance of the films was measured and the capacitive reactance response (1/‐X) of LC‐based sensor exhibited satisfactory linear correlation (R2=0.9994) with the concentration of ammonia up to 50 ppm with a limit of detection (LOD) and quantification of 1.2 ppm and 4.0 ppm, respectively. The sensor exhibited high selectivity to ammonia compared to the different classes of solvent vapors, and satisfactory repeatability (RSD=4 %) and response time (10 min). Also, inverse gas chromatography (IGC) was used to confirm the acidic surface behavior of LC and its selectivity to ammonia. The results proved that the studied LC‐based sensor may be promise candidate for sensitive and selective determination of ammonia.
Preparation and Photocatalytic Studies on Nanocomposites of 4‐Hydroxylphenyl‐Substituted Corrole/TiO2 towards Methyl Orange Photodegradation
Authors: Lu Guifen , Liu Xudong , Zhang Peng , Xu Shuting , Gao Yongjie , Yu Siyuan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA new 5,15‐di(4‐chlorophenyl)‐10‐(4‐hydroxylphenyl)corrole [H3(OH‐Cor)] and its corresponding copper complex [Cu(OH‐Cor)] and cobalt complex [Co(OH‐Cor)(PPh3)] were designed and synthesized to sensitize TiO2 nanoparticles. The photocatalytic activity of the obtained nanocomposites, which are represented as [H3(OH‐Cor)]/TiO2, [Cu(OH‐Cor)]/TiO2 and [Co(OH‐Cor)(PPh3)]/TiO2, was investigated by carrying out the photodegradation of methyl orange in aqueous solution under visible light irradiation. All the nanocomposites show much higher photocatalytic efficiency than the pure TiO2 nanoparticles. Especially, [Co(OH‐Cor)(PPh3)]/TiO2 degraded 86.5 % of methyl orange under visible light irradiation for 2.5 h. Moreover, the nanocomposites can be easily separated for reuse and also maintained the high photodegradation efficiency over three successive degradation experiments. A possible photocatalytic mechanism is proposed.
Visible Light‐Driven BiOBr/Bi2S3@CeMOF Heterostructured Hybrid with Extremely Efficient Photocatalytic Reduction Performance of Nitrophenols: Modeling and Optimization
Authors: El‐Fawal Esraa M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe one‐pot facile solvothermal process was applied to designed BiOBr/Bi2S3 heterostructured microspheres. The hierarchical BiOBr/Bi2S3 photocatalyst is integrating by solid‐state adding of cerium based metal‐organic frameworks (CeMOF) using ball mill to fabricate a novel BiOBr/Bi2S3@CeMOF. The synthesized photocatalysts were examined by XRD (X‐Ray diffraction), Raman, FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), XPS (X‐Ray photoelectron spectroscopy), FESEM (field emission transmission electron microscopy), FETEM (field emission scanning electron microscopy), UV‐Vis DRS (ultraviolet‐visible diffuse reflectance), PL (Photoluminescence), and transient photocurrent analysis. The as‐prepared BiOBr/Bi2S3@CeMOF photomaterial displays considerably enhanced photocatalytic activity for reduction of 4‐nitrophenol (4NP) to 4‐aminophenol (4AP) compared with the pristine BiOBr and BiOBr/Bi2S3 composite under the irradiation of visible light. The promising BiOBr/Bi2S3@CeMOF photocatalyst exhibit the highest photoreduction efficiency of 4NP along with the highest reaction rate (K) (R: 98 %; K: 3.91 min−1 ) compared with the other as‐prepared materials such as CeMOF (R:38 %; 0.23 min−1), BiOBr (R: 48 %; K: 0.65 min−1), Bi2S3 (R:68 %;0.92 min−1), and BiOBr/Bi2S3 (R: 75 %; K: 1.38 min−1) photocatalysts after 30 min of visible light irradiation. The boosted photocatalytic efficiency is attributed to creating the heterojunction at the interface of BiOBr/Bi2S3@CeMOF, which can powerfully facilitate the separation of the photogenerated carriers. After that, the Box‐Behnken design was applied to indicate the optimum condition for the reduction of 4NP under the effect of different variables (e. g., the concentration of NP (A:), pH (B), and concentration of NaBH4 (C). At the optimum condition (A: 14.5μmol L−1, B: 5, and C: 0.88 mol L−1), the photoreduction efficiency (%) of the 4NP is 99.7 %. BiOBr/Bi2S3@CeMOF catalyst exhibits excellent photoreduction stability over five successive reaction runs.
Bioinspired 3D Culture in Nanoliter Hyaluronic Acid‐Rich Core‐Shell Hydrogel Microcapsules Isolates Highly Pluripotent Human iPSCs
Authors: Xu Jiangsheng , Shamul James G. , Staten Nicholas A. , White Alisa M. , Jiang Bin , He Xiaoming 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHuman induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are ideal for developing personalized medicine. However, the spontaneous differentiation of human iPSCs under conventional 2D and 3D cultures results in significant heterogeneity and compromised quality. Therefore, a method for effectively isolating and expanding high‐quality human iPSCs is critically needed. Here, a biomimetic microencapsulation approach for isolating and culturing high‐quality human iPSCs is reported. This is inspired by the natural proliferation and development of blastomeres into early blastocyst where the early embryonic stem cells‐containing core is enclosed in a semipermeable hydrogel shell known as the zona pellucida (Zona). Blastomere cluster‐like human iPSC clusters are encapsulated in a miniaturized (≈10 nanoliter) hyaluronic acid (HA)‐rich core of microcapsules with a semipermeable Zona‐like hydrogel shell and subsequently cultured to form pluripotent human iPSC spheroids with significantly improved quality. This is indicated by their high expression of pluripotency markers and highly efficient 3D cardiac differentiation. In particular, HA is found to be crucial for isolating the high‐quality human iPSCs with the biomimetic core‐shell microencapsulation culture. Interestingly, the isolated human iPSCs can maintain high pluripotency even after being cultured again in 2D. These discoveries and the bioinspired culture method may be valuable to facilitate the human iPSC‐based personalized medicine.