bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preoperative fluid management of the older adult patient with hip fracture
Authors:   , Ward Victoria Carolyn 
Published: November 2021

<p>Background While recommendations about the preoperative fluid management of the older adult hip fracture patient have been produced the evidence relating to postoperative outcomes is scant. Aim The aim of this study is, therefore, to explore the relationships between preoperative fluid management (PFM) - defined as timing to start of fluids (oral or intravenous) after admission, preoperative oral fluid rate, and timing of last preoperative oral fluids – and postoperative outcomes - defined as change in renal function (creatinine and GFR), new reported postoperative confusion, timing of discontinuation of postoperative intravenous fluids (IV), and length of stay (LOS). Method This observational study looked at 100 consecutive older adult patients admitted to a tertiary New Zealand hospital with traumatic hip fracture between March and September, 2012. Data was gathered regarding cohort demographics and in hospital events, including surgical details, alongside PFM and postoperative outcomes. Descriptive statistics, linear regression, independent t-tests, tests of equality, and multiple logistic regression were utilised to ascertain relationships between variables. Results Characteristics of the perioperative journey of 100 consecutive patients, with mean age of 85.2 yr (SD 6.6) and predominantly female (70%), presenting to CCDHB with a fragility hip fracture were itemised. High rates of co-morbidities were observed in this group, with 92% of patients having cardiac, pulmonary, vascular or renal co-morbidities, but with a mortality rate (2%) much lower than the literature would suggest might be expected. There was no substantiated statistically significant relationships observed between preoperative fluid management in this cohort and postoperative outcomes, but this may reflect limited power in this study. Conclusion These results provide useful data for planning services with regards management of the older adult hip fracture patient at CCDHB. In addition, the study has highlighted a number of clinical guidelines that might be more effectively promoted.</p>
Approaches to the Performance of Musical and Extra-Musical References in Shostakovich’s Viola Sonata
Authors:   , Roxburgh John David 
Published: November 2021

<p>This paper is an examination of Shostakovich’s Viola Sonata, op. 147, for developing a stylistically informed performance practice. It is divided into three parts: The first is an investigation of symbolism present within the work itself; the second a comparative analysis of recordings; and the third a discussion of how the author uses these approaches to make performance decisions. The first aspect looks to the score itself to identify quotations of and allusions to other works, and considers the reasoning for this. The second analyses string choice and tempo of recordings to consider how these might reflect symbolic considerations. The third part discusses specific performance decisions, and the reasons on which they are based.</p>
Indonesia’s National Role Conceptions: Continuity Amidst Regional Change
Authors:   , Borchers Henning 
Published: November 2021

<p>This thesis analyses Indonesia's foreign policy in view of role conceptions held by the country's policy and intellectual community and their impact on policy behaviour at the ASEAN level. These role conceptions capture the ways decision-makers perceive Indonesia’s standing and influence in the region and beyond and include the country’s ‘independent and active’ foreign policy doctrine as well as widely held views of the country being a model democracy, a mediator and – increasingly – key actor in regional and global affairs. The research draws attention to how these notions shape Jakarta’s role in ASEAN Community-building and security regionalism. It focuses on a range of initiatives that emphasise ASEAN’s ‘liberal agenda’, including the ASEAN Charter and ASEAN’s approach to conflict resolution and the promotion and protection of human rights. In so doing, it critically reflects on Indonesia’s domestic performance, which stands in at times stark contrast to its agenda on the international stage. I argue that Indonesia’s commitment to promoting liberal norms and values in regional affairs is predominantly instrumental as it aims at consolidating ASEAN cohesion vis-à-vis the influence of external powers in order to advance the country’s regional leadership ambitions and desire to play a more active role at the global level.</p>
Universal Service in Telecommunications: A Case Study of New Zealand and Vietnam Legal and Institutional Frameworks, with Proposals for Reform in Vietnam
Authors:   , Vo Lam Thanh 
Published: November 2021

<p>This thesis examines models for the delivery of telecommunications universal services in Vietnam and New Zealand. The focus is on identifying obstacles to effective and economically efficient performance of services delivery in Vietnam, and proposing solutions for substantial improvements to legal frameworks and institutional structures. The central argument of the thesis is that the universal service scheme in Vietnam and the supporting laws and agencies responsible for implementation of the scheme need to be improved in order to contribute to the achievement of social targets. The universal service funding mechanism in Vietnam, including the allocation of industry levies and subsidies, is not linked to real costs, nor is it efficient. The laws and legal instruments governing the universal service scheme are incomplete and in parts contradictory. Moreover, the institutional structures reflect diffuse and duplicated accountability among the authorities involved, lack of transparency, and insufficient external monitoring mechanisms. Performance information systems and involvement of the public and stakeholders are also insufficient. The insufficiencies in the Vietnamese structure are illustrated in the thesis by comparing them to the key elements of a best practice model. They are also compared with elements of the New Zealand model that reflect features closer to the best practice: transparency, effective monitoring and performance accountability. These features serve as a basis for the principal proposals for improvements to the legal framework and institutional structures in Vietnam and for economically efficient and competitive funding arrangements.</p>
Transcending Borders: The Evolution of the Refugee Diaspora in ‘Bounded’ and ‘Moebius ’ Space
Authors:   , Slater Andrew Duncan 
Published: November 2021

<p>The emergence of ‘transnational refugee theory’ and the rubric of the ‘refugee diaspora’ have reignited refugee studies, and elicited an exciting theoretical vantage-point from which to explore refugee communities. This paper seeks to disentangle the core precepts of transnational refugee theory and, drawing upon compelling empirical evidence strengthen our understanding of the dynamic interaction between the refugee diaspora and the environment within which it evolves – in particular how the entrenched international refugee regime ontology impacts directly the effective functioning of the refugee community. Echoing Giddens’ Structuration Theory, what is proposed is that the refugee community exists within a ‘middle space’ – a synthesis of endogenous and exogenous factors that together establish the ‘boundaries’ that shape the diaspora space, and ultimately support or undermine the activities of those communities located within it. Accordingly, a refugee ‘middle space model’ is outlined, which defines a core set of economic, political and socio-cultural activities, and the endogenous and exogenous factors that shape their realisation in situ. This theoretical construct is applied to two case studies. Firstly, the ‘bounded’ space of Dadaab and Kakuma refugee camps in Kenya is shown to not only disregard but also actively undermine the transnational character of refugee displacement. Moreover, while the refugee community remains active in circumventing these boundaries, there remains an inherent ambiguity in this transnational activism, giving rise to a perversion or ‘transmutation’ of the bounded refugee space. In stark contrast, the Free Movement Protocols of the Economic Community of West Africa (ECOWAS) are establishing a fluid ‘moebius’ space that both acknowledges and facilitates the transnational foundations of the refugee diaspora – as both a ‘bottom-up’ (endogenous) and ‘top-down’ (exogenous) process. However, the nascent UNHCR-ECOWAS partnership remains mired in an incoherent demarcation of responsibilities and a dearth of cohesive regional processes. Notwithstanding these limitations, the moebius middle space clearly offers an invigorating alternative to the prevailing UNHCR containment model – providing a truly ‘durable solution’ for those transnational communities dispersed across the refugee diaspora.</p>
DUPLICATE DO NOT PUBLISH - Twenty Years of Providing Free Plants in An Urban New Zealand Setting: What Affects Community Participation and Planting Success?
Authors:   , Berentson Paul 
Published: November 2021

<p>An urban greening programme in Wellington, New Zealand providing free plants to city residents was evaluated with the following objectives: 1. To assess the levels of plant survival after five, ten, and fifteen years and determine factors contributing to observed survival; 2. To investigate factors influencing participation in the programme; 3. To quantify the some of the socioeconomic factors relating to programme participants and environmental factors relating to sites. Data were collected from a combination of council records, site surveys and postal questionnaire surveys. The study found that plant survival was generally poor, but was mainly influenced by indigeneity of the plants. Contrary to many theories of exotic invasiveness, New Zealand native plants were 4.3 times more likely to survive than exotic plants. Site based effects were not found to influence survival significantly; nor were specific plant traits, or year of planting. A small sample of these sites was matched to questionnaire responses and it was found that length of residence by programme participants increased the performance of the best model indigeneity, indicating that increasing length of residence was a predictor of better survival of plantings. The questionnaire respondents included both those who had participated in the programme and those who had not. The sample population, however, was quite distinct from the general population of the region, being older, wealthier, having higher levels of education, and twice as likely to own their own home. As suggested by previous research looking at the effects of socioeconomic factors on urban forestry or urban greening participation was shown in this study to be mainly affected by the age of the respondent, which increased the odds of participation by 200% between the youngest and oldest age groups. This socioeconomic model was improved when two factors were included: the number of trees outside their property, and, horticultural knowledge of the participant. This indicates that participants might be more motivated by personal interest in horticulture, than in improving environmental conditions.</p>
Tubular Daylighting Devices and People: A comparison of the human responses to Tubular Daylighting Devices and fluorescent lighting
Authors:   , Sullivan James 
Published: November 2021

<p>Tubular Daylighting Devices are used to bring daylight into deep-plan spaces, and meet sustainability goals. However, they are expensive, and justification for their use lies in hypothesised benefits they can provide in areas such as well-being and productivity. Yet, there is very little research into the effects of Tubular Daylighting Devices. The broader daylighting literature suggests that benefits to satisfaction, mood, and performance are possible — though research into the benefits of daylight is still not conclusive. Therefore, a before and after study was carried out in a windowless computer room in the university to compare how the students responded under TDDs versus typical electric lighting. Their cognitive performance, change in mood, average sleepiness, and perceptions of the room and lighting were measured. TDDs significantly increased ratings of room attractiveness and brightness, and had no more perceived glare than the electric lighting. Ratings of lighting quality were on a par with both typical electric lighting and good modern lighting. They were also just as effective on overcast days as sunny. No effects were found on performance or sleepiness, and mood results were inconclusive. Overall, it is suggested that TDDs can be considered to be on a par with good modern lighting, and superior to typical existing lighting. Note, however, that it is possible that effects in rooms with windows could differ from those found here. Further research should use longer exposures and larger sample sizes if they wish to find performance effects.</p>
Sailing for Sustainability: The Potential of Sail Technology as an Adaptation Tool for Oceania. A Voyage of Inquiry and Interrogation through the Lens of a Fijian Case Study
Authors:   , Nuttall Peter Roger 
Published: November 2021

<p>This thesis records an action research-based inquiry into the potential of sail technology as an adaptation intervention for sea-transport that would assist Oceanic communities (at local and national levels) (re)claim resilience in the face of growing threats from climate change and extreme fossil-fuel dependency. The issue is explored at micro, meso, and macro geographic levels and temporally across past heritage, the current situation and looking to a future horizon. A case study approach is employed, where possible focussed through a Fijian lens. The thesis finds that while there are grounds for expanded research into and priority of sustainable sea-transport, this central issue facing most Oceania communities remains invisible within the policy space at all levels and has been hitherto ignored by regional and development agencies. Barriers are identified as being as much perceptual as actual, and lack of technology is not the primary issue but rather more deep-seated factors including ownership, operation, and management spread across multiple ‘well-beings’ including culture and socio-economic concerns. There are multiple lessons to learn from interrogation of the past. The process of inquiry was initiated within existing talanoa of key partner communities in Fiji and has, in turn, proved catalytic in initiating both fresh research into Fijian seafaring heritage – particularly that concerning the Waqa Tabu or Drua and its related culture in Fiji and central Oceania - and a growing network of interest in an agenda of sustainable sea-transport for this region. The former proved elemental to a programme of art and performance undertaken by the Oceania Centre for Arts, Culture and Pacific Studies leading up to the Festival of Pacific Arts in the Solomons 2012 and both strands were brought together in the region’s first international ‘Sustainable Sea-Transport Talanoa’ hosted by the University of the South Pacific in November 2012. It now appears there is sufficient critical mass generated to ensure a sustained programme of both action and research will ensue and it is suggested critical learning of collaboration and partnership as well as measures for assessing the sustainability of such a programme can be gleaned from other Oceanic Participatory Learning and Action experiences, in particular the Fiji Local Marine Management Area programme.</p>
Electrically and Optically Detected Electron Paramagnetic Resonance in Blue Organic Light Emitting Diodes
Authors:   , Sutton Rebecca Jane 
Published: November 2021

<p>Organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) are an emerging technology based on electrically conducting polymer films, with great promise for large area lighting and flexible ultra-thin displays. However, despite the rapid technological development, there is still a poor understanding of the degradation and spindependent recombination processes that take place inside an OLED. In this thesis, Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) was used to investigate these processes in blue-emitting OLEDs. A successful procedure was developed and refined for fabricating OLEDs with the structure ITO/PEDOT:PSS/emissive layer/Al/Ag, with and without the PEDOT:PSS hole-transporting layer. The organic emissive layer was either F8BT, PFO, or PVK:OXD-7:FIrpic (PB). These OLEDs were fabricated in air and with a geometry optimised for EPR experiments. Critical features for satisfactory devices were found to be a sufficiently thick organic layer and minimal exposure to the air. A compact apparatus was developed for simultaneous light output, current, and voltage measurements on the OLEDs while in an inert glove box environment. Electroluminescence and current-voltage parameters measured for these devices showed predominantly trap-controlled space-charge-limited conduction. OLEDs with PFO as the emissive layer and with a PEDOT:PSS layer were investigated with conventional, electrically-detected (ED) and optically-detected (OD) EPR techniques. EDEPR and ODEPR signals were observed at ~9.2 GHz and in the low (<50 mT) and high (~330 mT) magnetic field regimes and were found to change markedly with time during operation as the device degraded. The low field signals initially showed a composite broad quenching and superimposed narrow enhancing response centred around zero field strength. These signals were attributed to magneto-resistance (MR) and magneto-electroluminescence (MEL). Following operational ageing, a third, narrow quenching line was observed in the MR and the ratio of the initial two MR responses changed substantially. These effects are tentatively attributed to a hyperfine interaction. For both EDEPR and ODEPR, quenching high field resonances with a g-value (gyromagnetic ratio) of 2.003±0.001 were observed. The current-quenching resonance gradually diminished during operation and after 4–5 hours was replaced by a current-enhancing resonance. The appearance of this latter resonance could be explained by chemical changes in the OLED due to the diffusion of oxygen through the device from the oxygen-plasma-treated ITO. A working model is proposed which can explain this observed change as spindependent trapping and recombination at free radicals, although the model requires further experimentation to test its validity.</p>
Thinking differently about leadership: a critical history of the form and formation of leadership studies
Authors:   , Wilson Suze 
Published: November 2021

<p>We have come to live in an age where leadership is the solution, regardless of the problem. Today, managers are called on to provide leadership which is ‘visionary’, ‘charismatic’, ‘transformational’ and ‘authentic’ in nature. This is what ‘followers’ are said to need to perform to their potential. The efforts of the academy in promoting these ideas means they are typically understood as modern, enlightened and grounded in scientific research. Taking a critical step back, this study examines why we have come to understand leadership in this way. Adopting a Foucauldian methodology, the study comprises three case studies which examine Classical Greek, 16th century European and modern scholarly discourses on leadership. The analysis foregrounds change and continuity in leadership thought and examines the underpinning assumptions, problematizations and processes of formation which gave rise to these truth claims. The relationship and subjectivity effects produced by these discourses along with their wider social function are also considered. What the study reveals is that our current understanding of leadership is not grounded in an approach more enlightened and truthful than anything that has come before. Rather, just as at other times in the past, it is contemporary problematizations, politically-informed processes of formation and the epistemological and methodological preferences of our age which profoundly shape what is understood to constitute the truth about leadership. Through showing how leadership has been thought of at different points in time, this thesis argues that far from being a stable enduring fact of human nature now revealed to us by modern science, as is typically assumed, leadership is most usefully understood as an unstable social invention, morphing in form, function and effect in response to changing norms, values and circumstances. Consistent with this understanding, a new approach to theory-building for organizational leadership studies is offered. This study shows, then, why we ought to think differently about leadership and offers a means by which this can occur.</p>
Anticipating the Big One: Exploring the role of landscape architecture in preparing Wellington's CBD for a major earthquake
Authors:   , Fischer James 
Published: November 2021

<p>“Risk of urban disasters is no longer a phenomenon that we can stop, avoid or deter, but rather they are part of complex ecological processes from which we are inseparable and must design with, in preparation for the next imminent disaster.”	Miho Mazereeuw	(Mazereeuw, 2011. Pg 85) Due to recent seismic activity across New Zealand, it has become widely speculated that Wellington is overdue for a major earthquake that could devastate the city. This has brought to light Wellington’s unique vulnerabilities and physical lack of preparedness to survive a significant natural disaster. Until recently, pre-disaster planning has looked towards both architectural and engineering solutions that focus on resisting or deterring the effects of a natural disaster, leaving landscape architecture as a post disaster clean up tool. This thesis aims to demonstrate the potential of landscape architecture within the field of pre-disaster planning, changing the way we adapt to natural disasters within the urban environment. This research will develop a preemptive strategy for Wellington’s Central Business District, or ‘CBD’ that utilises access ways and open space as emergency infrastructure to save lives in the event of a major earthquake, whilst enhancing the urban environment for day-to-day use. This research proposes that access ways and open space are the catalyst in which landscape architecture could make a significant contribution to the pre-disaster planning of cities. More specifically, it tests the combination of a latent emergency infrastructure with quality urban design through a series of landscape architecture experiments that focus on Wellington’s CBD as a site for design exploration. This exploration challenges the way in which we design our urban environments to allow a level of flexibility in times of distress or natural disaster. Overall this thesis will generate new ideas and creative solutions to the idea of urban resilience, indicating that, not only can landscape architecture make a significant contribution to pre-disaster planning, but that spaces designed for an emergency function can still enlighten our everyday experience of the city.</p>