bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic characterization of soils in landslide area (Case study: Cihanjuang Village, Sumedang, West Java)
Authors: Hajar Kirana Kartika , Angelia Hutabalian May , Fitriani Dini , Agustine Eleonora , Mujahid Hamdan Abd , Rosandi Yudi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
A landslide is one type of natural disaster due to the movement of masses of soil or rock moving down the slope. There is a place in Cihanjuang Village, Sumedang Regency that has experienced a landslide disaster. A landslide is a form of natural disaster resulting from the descent of large quantities of soil or rock down a slope. Cihanjuang Village in Sumedang Regency is one area that has been affected by such a landslide. The rock magnetism is one of the methods that can be used to analyze the characteristics of soil in potential landslide areas. Regarding the landslide and its soil properties, this research aims to distinguish the soil characteristics between non-landslide and landslide-prone areas in Cihanjuang Village, Sumedang Regency. The soil characteristics will be analyzed using magnetic susceptibility by low-frequency magnetic susceptibility (χLF) and frequency-dependent magnetic susceptibility (χFD%) values along with the morphology and mineralogy of magnetic grains by scanning electron microscopeenergy dispersive x-ray (SEM-EDX) and x-ray diffractometer (XRD). The χLF values of soil samples from non-landslide areas (outcrop) ranged from 327,21 – 409,34 × 10−8 m3/kg, whereas in the landslide-prone ranged from 202,87 – 408,56 × 10−8 m3/kg. The cFD% value in non-landslide and landslide areas ranged between 3,32 – 7,53% and 1,46 – 6,30%, respectively. The soil from non-landslide areas tends to have higher magnetic susceptibility values than landslide areas. Both soil samples have an abundance of superparamagnetic (SP) [ine grain. However, the morphology of non-landslide and landslide areas can be distinguished by grain size. This differentiation is based on the size of magnetite minerals present in the soil samples, as identi[ied by XRD analysis. Based on SEM-EDX analysis, the lower magnetic susceptibility values in landslide areas were identi[ied due to the low abundance of superparamagnetic or the high abundance of multi-domain (MD) particles that have a bigger size of magnetic grains than non-landslide areas.
Effect of Activation Parameters on Palm Kernel Shell-Based Activated Carbon as Catalyst Support for Biodiesel from Discarded Beef Tallow
Authors: Aliff Shakir Mohammad , Idayu Ahmad Mardiana , Harris Zuknik Mark , Abdul Khalil H.P.S. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In an effort to valorize agricultural byproducts and promote sustainable biofuel production, this study harnesses palm kernel shell residues from palm oil milling as a precursor for activated carbon synthesis. Employing phosphoric acid (H3PO4) as the activating agent, this research investigated the effect of acid concentration (55%, 70%, and 85%), impregnation duration (4, 14, and 24 hours), and activation time (2.5 and 4 hours) on the yield and iodine adsorption efficacy of the produced activated carbon. The process involved carbonization at 400°C, followed by chemical activation at 450°C to optimize the structural properties of the activated carbon. The investigation of these parameters address the economic and environmental challenges associated with biodiesel production, providing a viable solution through the repurposing of waste biomass. The highest yield of 85.20% and highest iodine adsorption capacity of 3292.68 mg/g were obtained for the activated carbon prepared at acid concentration 70 %, impregnation time of 4 hours and activation time of 2.5 hours. FTIR spectroscopy highlighted the presence of functional groups pertinent to the biodiesel reaction process. BET analysis showed a substantial increase in surface area and pore volume, affirming the efficient activation process. The high-performance activated carbon was subsequently utilized as a catalyst support in the transesterification of extracted beef tallow oil to produce biodiesel. The synthesized biodiesel exhibited favorable properties, underscoring the potential of this approach in integrating waste-toenergy strategies with the enhancement of biodiesel production processes.
Effects of herbs enriched copepod and its potential use in whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) post-larvae culture
Authors: Ashaari Aisyah , Syazlyn Abdul Jalal Amilya , Abdul Hadi Nabilah , Rohana Yatim Siti , Wan Rasdi Nadiah 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Copepods are important source of food for prawn larvae in hatcheries because of their rich nutritional content including proteins, lipids and fatty acids. However, copepod needed nutritional enhancement due to their insufficient nutrition to meet the requirement of fish and shrimp species. This study was conducted to observe the potential of herb plants in boosting the nutritional value of copepods as well as to determine the nutritional composition of Litopenaeus vannamei fed with the enriched copepod. Four treatments with three replicates used to analyze the effectiveness of enriched copepod to L. vannamei post-larvae. The diets consist of ginger, (Zingiber officinale Roscoe), mint (Mentha piperita), spadeleaf (Centella asiatica) and unfed treatments that serve as a control. Copepods supplemented twice daily at concentration of 500 mg/L. Whiteleg shrimp post-larvae growth and nutritional composition performed to observe the efficacy of each selected diet. Protein, lipid, specific population growth rate and hatching rate of the enriched copepod was found to be highest in the treatment of C. asiatica and it also has been observed that survival rate and specific growth rate of L. vannamei fed with copepod that enriched with C. asiatica were the highest with value of 85.00±5.00% and 8.14±0.39% respectively. This study contributes to the development of cost-effective and sustainable alternatives, emphasizing the potential of herb-enriched copepods, particularly with C. asiatica, to address economic challenges and promote environmental sustainability in shrimp farming practices.
The effect of concrete maintenance measures on the colour variation in concrete
Authors: Daukšys Mindaugas , Fadejevas Edgaras , Wagih Abdou Mohamed Meneaem Mohamed , Juočiūnas Svajūnas 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This research provides valuable insights into the effects of various maintenance measures on concrete colour variation, helping civil engineers and architects make informed decisions in their projects. During the research, specimens were cast using moulds whose surfaces were covered with different release agents (RA) or without them. To see the impact of measures for concrete maintenance on colour variation, the following ways of coating specimens were chosen: test specimen left in plastic mould (M), specimen wrapped using a flexible polyethene sheet (PS), one test specimen left without any coatings (WC), specimen sprayed with water and wrapped using a flexible polyethene sheet (PSW), specimen coated using a wax-based curing agent (WBA), specimen was coated using siloxane-based water repellent (SBR). The NCS Colour Scan 2.0 instrument was employed to assess colour variation and determine the appropriate colour notation, reducing the influence of subjective evaluator opinion. The research showed that the most popular detected grey colour had the following notation: S 3502-Y. This colour can be described as follows: its visual blackness is 35%, its chromaticity is 2%, and its hue (Y) is yellow. Different measures mainly influenced the hue, which varied in the range from yellow to green. M, PS, PSW, and WBA had the most visible effect on grey colour clouding and marbling. Using those maintenance measures, the visual blackness of the grey colour has reached 50% or even 60%.
Impact of Impurities on the Properties of Recycled Aggregate for Use in Civil Engineering Work and Road Construction. Part 1: Technical Assessment
Authors: Zaharieva Roumiana , Petrov Boyan , Evlogiev Daniel , Kostadinova Magdalena , Simonov Borislav 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Construction and demolition waste (CDW) is a significant source of mineral resources. Recycled concrete aggregate fraction 0/63 mm is among the most used materials. The present study aims to evaluate the influence of impurities such as asphalt, bricks, soil, and lightweight materials on the properties of recycled aggregate. Two types of blended recycled materials are composed – one, representative for recycled aggregate from CDW generated at road projects and another type, representative for recycled materials from buildings rehabilitation and demolition. The main characteristics of blended recycled aggregate with different amounts of impurities are being investigated according to EN 13 242. The maximum dry density and optimum water content according to EN 13286-2 and the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) according to EN 13286-47 are also determined. The source of CDW is found to have a significant impact on the performance of the recycled material. The rule of mixtures and some testing methods are not always appropriate for the recycled materials. Based on the results, some recommendations regarding the management of CDW and the appropriate use of recycled aggregates in civil engineering and road construction are made.
Effect of the washers on the bearing resistance of the bolted connections
Authors: Zdravkov Lyubomir , Tanev Vatyu , Dinev Dobromir 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Bolted connections are the most common method of joining thin-walled galvanized sheets on site. Small diameter bolts (M8, M10 or M12) and the corresponding nuts are used for this purpose. Washers should be provided both under the heads of the bolts and the nuts in case of a single shear connection with one row of bolts, according to the standard BDS EN 1993-1-8. I.e. it is unnecessary to place washers under the bolt head in case of two or more rows of bolts. In laboratory tests of bolted connections with two rows of bolts without washers under the nuts, is accounted bearing capacity lower than the theoretically determined one. The initial explanation is that the lack of flat washers results in high bolt rotations and hence reduced load resistance. To verify this seemingly logical explanation, the authors has conducted series of finite element analyses (FEA) on connections with two rows of bolts. It turned out that this was not the reason for the reduced bearing resistance. The presence of washers under the bolt head and the nut had a negligible effect.
Numerical simulation of mechanical behavior of reinforced concrete column - short corbel assembly repaired and strengthened by bonding composite materials
Authors: Stankov Veselin , Ivanova Ivelina , Assih Jules , Dontchev Dimitar 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The experimental investigation of reinforced concrete structures is a high time resource consuming process. One of the best solutions to reduce the consumed resource is the finite element simulation of those structures. The biggest challenge for the engineers modeling reinforced concrete structures is to choose the proper mathematical model who can represent with good accuracy the mechanical behavior. The study is focused on the Numerical simulation of the mechanical behavior of reinforced concrete structures column - short corbel assembly repaired and strengthened by bonding composite materials. The presented simulation is developed in two steps. The first loading step leads to complete damage to the structure. In the second step, it is assumed that the concrete section is fully repaired, but the material properties of the steel reinforcement are taken from the first step. In the second step, the structure is subjected to cyclically increasing load. The mechanical behavior is successfully simulated and the model was prepared for future parametrical study.
Deflections in reinforced concrete slabs at an early age in the loading stage from a self-weight of the slabs and adjoining period-instant temporary load
Authors: Bakardzhiev Stanislav , Gorolomov Anton 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study researches the behaviour of experimental reinforced concrete slabs at early age, in a loading stage for several days from the self-weight of the slabs and corresponding temporary loads for the same stage, namely parts of a formwork system used during construction with the values of the loads close to specified in the Eurocode for temporary loading during construction. The deflections for the relevant stage and period were examined as comparison of the theoretical values of deformations with experimentally measured results for the corresponding stage, as well as the relevant observations and conclusions are described.
Inspection and evaluation of the technical condition of a monolithic frame reinforced concrete structure of a hotel in Borovets resort
Authors: Neshev Hristian 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study examines, the current research endeavours to analyse the results of structural inspection of an existing hotel building situated within the confines of Borovets resort. The structure consists of one basement level, four above-ground levels and one unusable attic level. The building was built site-cast in the period from 1983 until 1985. For the inspection, a series of activities were carried out, and the load-bearing structural elements of the building were established, the strength characteristics of the inserted materials were determined through destructive and non-destructive activities, a geometric survey of the load-bearing vertical and horizontal elements was carried out, existing defects and damages were found, an analysis of the impacts on the structure was made, the results of the structural assessment were summarized and basic recommendations were presented for bringing the building into compliance with the requirements of the current regulatory documents. The purpose of the performed in-situ, analytical, and computational activities is to establish the current technical condition of the load-bearing and non-load-bearing structural elements and to assess the possibilities for ensuring the future operation of the building, according to the construction and investment intentions of the owner.
Performance evaluation of high ductility class RC framed structure by seismic event time histories
Authors: Boshnakov Krasimir 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The seismic performance of new designed to high ductility class, mid-rise RC framed structure is numerically tested by non-linear dynamic time history analysis using records adjusted to represent events with different periods of recurrence. The earthquake performance assessment employs the code-defined limit states criteria. The results of the numerical non-linear studies are indicative of the seismic performance of mid-rise RC framed structures designed to Eurocode ductility classes.
FEM Parameters for Earthquake Analysis of Retaining Walls
Authors: Topalska Maria , Mihova Lena 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The paper presents the main characteristics and features of numerical finite element (FE) models for the study of the seismic response of soil-retaining wall. Since walls are linear structures, 2D plane strain models are suitable for conducting of the analysis. The models need to include a finitely sized soil domain, whose boundary conditions are defined according to the way earthquake loading is defined, respectively as pseudo-static impact or dynamic impact as a function of time. The FE mesh must meet the criteria of sufficient density in order to ensure the necessary accuracy of the solution. With the use of multi-nodal finite elements the displacements function in the model is improved. Retaining walls as well as other structural elements and devices are modelled with 2D plate and 1D linear elements defined in terms of a full or limited set of stresses. To simulate the behaviour in the contact of the structural elements and soil, interface elements are introduced modelling the gapping and slipping in the contact. The material parameters are determined depending on the selected constitutive models. In dynamic earthquake analyses, parameters shall be introduced to take into account the reduction of the soil stiffness. Dynamic loading is usually introduced with an accelerogram whose selection is made on the basis of an analysis of the parameters of strong motion records.
Seismic design of an existing six story administrative building
Authors: Abdulahad Emad , Grancharov Aleks 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The occurrence of inadmissible limit states is essentially a phenomenon that may appear during the construction or opreration of a given structure and manifests as a defect, failure or accident. The restoration of the bearing capacity is related to the future operation and the category of the building according to the current regulations and is an integral part of the overall process of seismic design of the structures. This report is related to a public sixstory building with two underground levels, calculated according to the Bulgarian national regulations. The bearing structure is reinforced concrete, monolithic, the floors are flat slab and the seismic resistance design consists of three reinforced concrete cores in the center of the structure and reinforced concrete walls along the stairwell. A visual and instrumental inspection documents that the defects and damages shown are of an unacceptable nature. Based on the conclusion of the structural assessment and the nature of the mentioned failures, measures of intervention should be designed.
Exploring SAP2000 for analysis of hydraulic structure: a comparative evaluation using numerical assessment
Authors: Anajwala Parth A , Desai Atul K , Patel Jayantilal N 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In the field of dam engineering, the use of advanced simulation software plays a critical role in ensuring the safety and stability of hydraulic structures. This study explores the application of SAP2000 software in the analysis of hydraulic structures, particularly dams, where its use has been limited. By evaluating a hypothetical concrete gravity dam section under various loading conditions, including seismic forces, the research compares SAP2000 with traditional numerical methods. The study involved detailed stress distribution and deformation analysis using SAP2000, alongside structural behaviour calculations through manual numerical methods. Results showed discrepancies between the two methodologies ranging from 0 to 5%, demonstrating SAP2000’s reliability. Comprehensive assessments of dam stability, stress distribution, and seismic response revealed a maximum moment of 21,493.02 kN.m at the base under typical operating conditions, and a total pressure of 745.53 kN under seismic conditions. Stress and strain contour plots from SAP2000 visualized complex interactions within the dam, enhancing understanding of structural responses and identifying compromised safety factors, especially tensile stress under seismic loading. The findings highlight the importance of advanced software tools like SAP2000 for accurate and efficient dam analysis, emphasizing its role in assessing seismic risks. The study concludes that integrating SAP2000 provides a robust tool for engineers, complementing traditional methods and advancing the state of practice in dam engineering. This research significantly contributes to the design of resilient concrete gravity dams capable of withstanding both standard and seismic forces, ensuring their safety and stability.
Verb semantic cohesion in L2 production: a semantic network analysis of written and spoken modalities by Korean EFL learners
Authors: Kim Hyunwoo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Based on usage-based constructionist approaches, this study investigates verb cohesion in second language (L2) production through a semantic network analysis of written and spoken modalities. Focusing on four argument structure constructions of varying complexities, we examine the extent of semantic cohesion of verbs within these constructions across modalities. The semantic network analysis revealed distinct patterns specific to both modality and construction type. For motion constructions, written samples exhibited significantly stronger semantic cohesion in both intransitive and caused-motion constructions. In passive constructions, written production showed stronger semantic cohesion, with denser and more interconnected verb networks. Conversely, transitive constructions displayed stronger semantic cohesion in spoken production, indicating denser semantic networks compared to written production. These findings underscore the modality effect on learners’ verb usage and provide partial support for the interaction between modality and constructional complexity. We discuss these findings in the framework of usage-based constructional learning and cognitive construction grammar.
CellMsg: graph convolutional networks for ligand–receptor-mediated cell-cell communication analysis
Authors: Xia Hong , Ji Boya , Qiao Debin , Peng Shaoliang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The role of cell-cell communications (CCCs) is increasingly recognized as being important to differentiation, invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance in tumoral tissues. Developing CCC inference methods using traditional experimental methods are time-consuming, labor-intensive, cannot handle large amounts of data. To facilitate inference of CCCs, we proposed a computational framework, called CellMsg, which involves two primary steps: identifying ligand–receptor interactions (LRIs) and measuring the strength of LRIs-mediated CCCs. Specifically, CellMsg first identifies high-confident LRIs based on multimodal features of ligands and receptors and graph convolutional networks. Then, CellMsg measures the strength of intercellular communication by combining the identified LRIs and single-cell RNA-seq data using a three-point estimation method. Performance evaluation on four benchmark LRI datasets by five-fold cross validation demonstrated that CellMsg accurately captured the relationships between ligands and receptors, resulting in the identification of high-confident LRIs. Compared with other methods of identifying LRIs, CellMsg has better prediction performance and robustness. Furthermore, the LRIs identified by CellMsg were successfully validated through molecular docking. Finally, we examined the overlap of LRIs between CellMsg and five other classical CCC databases, as well as the intercellular crosstalk among seven cell types within a human melanoma tissue. In summary, CellMsg establishes a complete, reliable, and well-organized LRI database and an effective CCC strength evaluation method for each single-cell RNA-seq data. It provides a computational tool allowing researchers to decipher intercellular communications. CellMsg is freely available at https://github.com/pengsl-lab/CellMsg.