bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
UJI SIFAT FISIK DAN AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI KRIM EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN BIDARA (ZIZIPHUS SPINA-CHRISTI L.) TERHADAP PROPIONIBACTERIUM ACNES ATCC 6919
Authors: Monik Krisnawati  
Published: July 2021

Jerawat merupakan suatu penyakit peradangan kronik dari bagian polisebasea yang ditandai dengan munculnya komedo, papula, pustula, nodul, dan kista. Bidara memiliki kandungan fenolat dan flavonoid yang bermanfaat sebagai anti inflamasi, antioksidan, antimikroba, dan mencegah timbulnya tumor. Kandungan kimia lain Bidara yang berperan pada pengobatan yakni alkaloid, fenol, flavonoid, dan terpenoid. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi ekstrak etanol daun Bidara (Ziziphus-Spina Christi L.) terhadap sifat fisik krim dan aktivitas antibakteri krim daun Bidara terhadap bakteri Propionibacterium Acnes ATCC 6919 dibuat dalam tipe M/A (Minyak dalam Air) menggunakan vanishing cream dengan 3 macam konsentrasi yaitu 10%, 12,5%, dan 15%. Sifat fisik (organoleptis, daya sebar, daya lekat, dan daya proteksi) dan aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Propionibacterium acnes yang diukur menggunakan metode difusi sumuran. Hasil uji sifat fisik dan aktivitas antibakteri dianalisis menggunakan uji statistik dengan taraf kepercayaan 95%. Hasil uji sifat fisik menunjukkan bahwa krim ekstrak etanol daun Bidara mempunyai aroma daun Bidara, warna kehijauan, bentuk semipadat, dan tekstur homogen. Krim ekstrak etanol daun Bidara konsentrasi 15 % menunjukkan daya sebar dan daya lekat paling besar yakni 6,9 cm dan 6 detik. Kemampuan proteksi krim ekstrak etanol bidara pada keseluruhan konsentrasi ditunjukkan sampai dengan menit ke-5. Selain itu, krim ekstrak etanol daun Bidara memiliki aktivitas antibakteri yang paling baik terhadap Propionibacterium acnes pada konsentrasi 15 % yang ditunjukkan dengan terbentuknya diameter zona hambat yang paling besar yakni 7,73 mm.
Wear and corrosion interaction of AISI D2 in an acidic environment
Authors: Garcia Ramos Tania , Zeinert Andreas , Muhl Stephen , Lejeune Michaël 
Published: July 2021

The tribological, electrochemical and tribo-electrochemical behavior of bare AISI D2 was studied. The tribological aspects were tested by pin on disc with an aluminum oxide ball as counter body, the electrochemical tests were performed in an aqueous solution of citric acid and the tribo-electrochemical evaluation was through a combination of both tests. AISI D2 steel presented abrasive wear in dry and wet conditions, such type of wear occurred due to stick-slip motion, moreover, in wet conditions the alloy corroded at corrosion current values around 10-6 A/cm2. The damage produced over the wear track was larger under wet conditions than for the dry conditions.
Monitoring System for Railway Automation Devices Based on the Industrial Internet of Things
Authors: Efanov D. V. 
Published: July 2021

The features of monitoring systems for railway infrastructure and rolling stock are considered. The main approaches to organisation of monitoring of railway infrastructure and rolling stock objects are described, their advantages and disadvantages are noted. The main objective of this work is to present to the reader a conceptual vision of a system for monitoring devices and systems for ensuring train traffic safety, using technologies for transmitting diagnostic information over a radio channel. The methods of the theory of technical diagnostics and monitoring were used. Attention is focused on the use of wireless data transmission technologies and the use of autonomous industrial automation sensors for monitoring systems for railway automation devices.The architecture of the monitoring system is presented. The description of the system itself and the monitoring technology is given, the main advantages of the presented approach are noted, which, first, are linked to reduction of the volume of design work and of energy consumption of the system as a whole. The disadvantages are associated with the need to replace autonomous power supply sources, ensure security of the data transmission network, to proceed with periodic verification and calibration of measuring instruments. The basic diagrams of connecting sensors for measuring physical quantities to the circuit units of railway automation are presented. A list of parameters necessary for high-quality and effective monitoring of railway automation devices is given. The need is noted for both the control of mechanical and geometric parameters of devices and the accounting of data from interconnected objects of railway infrastructure and rolling stock. The proposed approach can find its application in the field of railway automation and, first of all, at those facilities that are located in premises with limited area (e.g. at subway facilities).
Justification of the N eed for Locomotive Diagnostic Systems
Authors: Semenov A. P. , Lakin I. K. 
Published: July 2021

In the world and domestic practices of technical maintenance and repair (TMR) of locomotives there exists a tendency for the expanded use of technical diagnostics systems, the transition to predictive repair to reduce the costs of their life cycle. Modern hardware and software tools make it possible to create automated technical diagnostics systems (ATDS) for all types of locomotive equipment but equipping service repair locomotive depots with them requires significant capital costs with an unacceptably long payback period. The objective of the work is to develop a method and a corresponding simulation modelling software program to determine technical and economic feasibility of using certain means of technical diagnostics.Diagnostic systems reduce waiting time for repairs, the volume and cost of scheduled and unscheduled TMR, which makes it possible to reduce the operating fleet of locomotives.In modern economic calculations, to assess the success of an investment project, the indicator «Net present value (NPV)» of the project is used. Based on this principle, in relation to ATDS, a method for determining feasibility of introducing various types of ATDS and the corresponding methodology and software made with the algorithmic language VBA (Visual BASIC for Applications) in the MS Excel environment has been developed.The work carried out simulation modelling for Russian conditions of the payback of main types of diagnostic systems comprising on-board based microprocessor control systems, rheostat testing stations for diesel locomotives, diagnostics of traction motors, etc. The economic feasibility of introducing these systems has been proved. Also, economically inexpedient diagnostic systems have been identified, f o r example, automatic measurement of the profile of a wheel set tire.
HSR Development in Russia Considering the Dynamics of Passenger Traffic and Public Opinion
Authors: Ivanova E. A. , Flyagina T. A. 
Published: July 2021

To study the problems and opportunities for implementation of high-speed railway (HSR) projects, as well as to confirm the potential demand for highspeed transportation services, the authors studied public opinion regarding three of the potential HSR lines as well as the experience of foreign countries in implementation of projected passenger traffic, financing of construction of high-speed main lines and assessing their impact on the general economic growth of regions.When conducting the study, the authors used the methods of a questionnaire sociological survey, analysis, comparison, induction.The main results of the study have shown that in development and implementation of expensive highspeed rail projects, it is of particular importance to identify the demand of passengers for high-speed transportation, the general attitude and readiness of the population of countries to use such main lines. The article has studied the dynamics of demand for passenger transportation by branded and non-branded trains on key directions, which made it possible to identify several of them as the most promising for development of high-speed lines. The sociological research carried out by the authors, using the method of questioning in social networks, made it possible to reveal the attitude of the country’s residents towards the most potentially promising for high-speed rail projects directions: Moscow–St. Petersburg, Moscow– Kazan and Moscow–Rostov-on-Don. According to the results of the survey, Russians have a positive attitude to development of high-speed railways in the country, most of the respondents intend to use them when it is necessary to make interurban trips, especially on Moscow–St. Petersburg route.The authors present the external economic effects and risks of development of high-speed railways in Russia. The effects comprise the growth of the population’s transport mobility. The potential risks of developing high-speed rail projects are associated with complexity of ensuring reliable operation of rolling stock and infrastructure of these main lines under difficult climatic conditions in Russia, as well as with high cost of travel for Russians, which negatively affects demand. To overcome the latter risk, it is important to form a positive image of projects by modelling public opinion.
Risk-Based Approach in Assessing the Technical Condition of Foundations of Bridge Structures
Authors: Kaimov E. V. 
Published: July 2021

The objective of this article is to consider the use of predictive mathematical models for assessing risks associated with a critical loss of values of functional quality of bearing structural elements (foundations) of bridge structures using methods of probabilistic analysis and forecasting the risks of reducing of values of indicators of the technical state of structural elements.The research results in development of an algorithm and a mathematical model that characterise the features of the process of reducing of values of indicators of the technical condition of load-bearing structures during the service life cycle. The results of assessing the loss of functional quality of foundations obtained using this model are presented.The practical significance of the study relates to the possibility and expediency of using probabilistic methods for predictive assessment of the technical state of loadbearing structures. With the help of an appropriate mathematical model, it becomes possible to proceed with design rationale of indicators of functional quality of foundations of bridge structures.The need to improve regulatory provisions for design and forecasting of indicators of the technical condition of transport infrastructure objects is substantiated.
Alma pater?
Authors: Kobel Esther 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In antiquity, breast milk was an elixir for every nursling. Despite this, there are but very few passages in the Bible that mention nursing. Curiously enough, the apostle Paul depicts himself as a nurse and provider of milk for his believers (1 Thess 2:7; 1 Cor 3:2). The motif of male providers of milk appears in numerous first and second century sources dependent on and independent from Paul. An overview of sources of Christ-believers from the first two centuries demonstrates that in characterizations of the lactating Godfather and the nursing Christ, the motifs of nursing and breastmilk continuously loses its real life connotation as something female thing and becomes predominantly male. This paper traces how a metaphor that is originally informed by nourishment, health, survival, and wellbeing at a female breast, eventually develops into a description of salvation mediated by male characters.
Jerusalem in Lukasevangelium und Apostelgeschichte
Authors: Bachmann Michael 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Undoubtedly the city Jerusalem (with its temple) is accentuated in Luke-Acts. This is indicated by the high frequency of the name(s) (Luke-Acts presents ca. 65% of the NT-instances!) Ἰερουσαλήμ and Ἱεροσόλυμα and also by the important role of the town within the structure, i.e. within the composition of the two books (cf. only Lk 1–2; 9:51; Acts 1:8; 19:21). But what does this emphasis mean? Differences in the understanding of the relevant data are obvious (and this matter resembles [not without cause] the intense discussions in the area of Pauline studies during the last decades). Older perspectives (advocated amongst others by F. C. Overbeck, E. Haenchen and H. Conzelmann) try to conceive for instance the Stephanus episode (Acts 6–7) and the last scene of Acts in an „anti-Judaic“ manner. But Acts 7:55–56 (cf. Lk 1:11) could hint at the celestial sanctuary, and Acts 28:20 (cf. v. 26–27, esp. v. 27b) names the „hope of Israel“. So a „New(er) Perspective“ could or should be preferable, paying attention to certain features of Luke-Acts, which possibly point to salvation-historical aims of the author.
संस्कृत साहित्ये नैपालमिथिलाक्षेत्रस्य योगदानम् [Contribution of Nepali Mithila Region in Sanskrit Literature]
Authors: पाण्डेय Pandey गणेश Ganesh 
Published: July 2021

सूर्यवंशीयराज्ञो निमेः शरीरमन्थनाज्जातेन मिथिनाम्ना राज्ञा प्रवर्तितत्वात् तदीया राजधानी मिथिलेति प्रसिद्धिमुपगता । मिथिलायाः सीमासङ्कोचविस्तारयोर्जातेऽपि प्रवृmताध्ययने नेपालस्य साम्प्रतिकः द्विसङ्ख्यकः प्रदेशः मिथिलाक्षेत्रत्वेन गृहीतः । मिथिलाराज्यस्य सीमायाः परिवर्तने दृष्टेऽपि मिथिलासंस्वृते राजधानी जनकपुरं वर्तते । मिथिलायां वैदिककाले विश्वामित्रप्रभृतयो ऋषयो दृश्यन्ते । तेषु महर्षिर्याज्ञवल्क्यः सर्वाधिक्येन प्रदीप्तं मिथिलायाः प्रोज्ज्वलं रत्नं वर्तते । अर्वाचीनेषु कविषु वंशमणिशर्मा हरिकेलिमहाकाव्यमाध्यमेन सर्वोत्वृष्टं स्थानं लभते । मिथिलायां स्फुटरूपेण संस्वृmतकवितारचनायाः परम्परा सम्प्रत्यपि जीविता वर्तते ।
[This research confirms that the naming of the Mithila region was initiated by a king named Mithi, who was born by churning the body of Suryavanshi king Nimi. Although the border of Mithila has been constricting and widening over time, in this study, the current state number two of Nepal has been taken as Mithila region. Janakpur remained the capital of Mithilaculture even when the borders of Mithila state changed. Vishwamitra and other sages have been seen in Mithila during the Vedic period. Among them, MaharshiYajnavalkya is the brightest gem. In the modern age, it has been confirmed that Vanshamani Sharma has reached the best place through the epic Harikeli. This research has confirmed that the tradition of composing Sanskrit poetry in Mithila is still alive today.]
Coronary Artery Disease Awareness: Levels of Socioeconomic Status and Dietary Restriction
Authors: Prasad Snehita , Mishra Mritunjay Kumar , Yadav Tapeshwar 
Published: July 2021

Introduction: India has undergone a remarkable demographic transition over the period time. Socioeconomic status indicators including education, income, and occupation are associated with coronary heart disease risk factors, morbidity, and mortality.
Objective: To assess the socioeconomic status and diet restriction in patients with coronary artery diseases.
Methods: The present study was a type of observational study conducted on total 200 subjects in Dhiraj Hospital, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth from August-2019 to July-2020 after ethical approval. Out of which 100 were coronary artery diseases and 100 were healthy controls. Patients with other than coronary artery diseases were excluded from the study, data were collected with the help of a pre-val­idated questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS-16 software.
Results: Eighty-nine subjects with coronary artery diseases and seventy-five healthy controls were physically inactive. Eighty-five subjects with coronary artery diseases do not have any diet restriction, however, fifty-nine subjects had exposure to only primary education.
Conclusion: Majority of the subjects were from a rural area, there were high illiteracy levels so there was low awareness. Patients could come to know the importance of physical activities and how to maintain a normal weight by following a dietary regimen to minimize the risks of disease.
ENSINO SUPERIOR A DISTÂNCIA: REGULAMENTAÇÃO E PERSPECTIVAS NO BRASIL
Authors: Andrade Patrícia Maria Medeiros de 
Published: July 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é enfatizar alguns conceitos da Educação a Distância (EaD), apresentar um panorama histórico no Brasil, pontuando a legislação que embasa essa modalidade de educação bem como o cenário atual, de modo a entender a origem e sua finalidade como modelo de ensino nos dias atuais. Pois o EaD não se trata de um novo formato de educação, pois o que a diferencia de tempos atrás são as tecnologias aplicadas a cada época, sendo amplamente integrada ao sistema de educação a partir da criação da Lei nº 9.394/96. Para essa pesquisa foram utilizados um levantamento bibliográfico. Observou-se que esta modalidade de ensino a distância apresenta desafios e sua superação depende, sobretudo de propostas de atualizações nas regulamentações que beneficie as competências e habilidades dos tutores.
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on the modulation of cortical and spinal cord excitability in individuals with spinal cord injury
Authors: Mendonça Thyciane , Brito Rodrigo , Luna Plínio , Campêlo Mayara , Shirahige Lívia , Fontes Luís , Dias Rebeca , Piscitelli Daniele , Monte-Silva Kátia 
Published: July 2021

Background: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been applied for modulating cortical excitability and treating spasticity in neurological lesions. However, it is unclear which rTMS frequency is most effective in modulating cortical and spinal excitability in incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI). Objective: To evaluate electrophysiological and clinical repercussions of rTMS compared to sham stimulation when applied to the primary motor cortex (M1) in individuals with incomplete SCI. Methods: A total of 11 subjects (35±12 years) underwent three experimental sessions of rTMS (10 Hz, 1 Hz and sham stimulation) in a randomized order at 90%intensity of the resting motor threshold and interspersed by a seven-day interval between sessions. The following outcome measures were evaluated: M1 and spinal cord excitability and spasticity in the moments before (baseline), immediately after (T0), 30 (T30) and 60 (T60) minutes after rTMS. M1 excitability was obtained through the motor evoked potential (MEP); spinal cord excitability by the Hoffman reflex (H-reflex) and homosynaptic depression (HD); and spasticity by the modified Ashworth scale (MAS). Results: A significant increase in cortical excitability was observed in subjects submitted to 10 Hz rTMS at the T0 moment when compared to sham stimulation ( p = 0.008); this increase was also significant at T0 ( p = 0.009), T30 ( p = 0.005) and T60 ( p = 0.005) moments when compared to the baseline condition. No significant differences were observed after the 10 Hz rTMS on spinal excitability or on spasticity. No inter-group differences were detected, or in the time after application of 1 Hz rTMS, or after sham stimulation for any of the assessed outcomes. Conclusions: High-frequency rTMS applied to M1 was able to promote increased cortical excitability in individuals with incomplete SCI for at least 60 minutes; however, it did not modify spinal excitability or spasticity.
Genetic tests based on the RT-PCR reaction in the diagnostics of SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Tymoniuk B , Zmora P , Latowska J , Grabowska A , Ciesiołka A , Joachimiak P , Figura G , Borowiec M , Rolle K , Handschuh L , Fiszer A 
Published: July 2021

<p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong><br /><strong>INTRODUCTION.</strong> Since the SARS-CoV-2 emergence in 2019/2020, at least 158 million infections with this pathogen have been recorded, of which 3.29 million infected people have died. Due to the non-specific symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection, laboratory tests based on RT-PCR (reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction) are mainly used in the diagnosis of COVID-19 disease.<br /><strong>AIM.</strong> The aim of this study is to compare the molecular tests available on the Polish market for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV2 infection.<br /><strong>RESULTS.</strong> Based on the data provided by the manufacturers and the performed laboratory analyses, we have shown that the available diagnostic kits differ mainly in the sensitivity and duration of the reaction.<br /><strong>CONCLUSION.</strong> due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, the indicated parameters are key to effective control of the spread of SARS-CoV2, and therefore should be mainly taken into account when choosing and purchasing by diagnostic centres.</p>
<p><strong>STRESZCZENIE</strong><br /><strong>WSTĘP.</strong> Od momentu pojawienia się SARS-CoV-2 na przełomie 2019 i 2020 roku, zanotowano co najmniej 158 milionów zakażeń tym patogenem, z czego 3,29 miliona zakażonych osób zmarło. Ze względu na niespecyficzne objawy zakażenia SARS-CoV-2, w diagnostyce choroby COVID-19 stosowane są głównie testy laboratoryjne oparte o reakcję RT-PCR (odwrotna transkrypcja i łańcuchowa reakcja polimerazy).<br /><strong>CEL.</strong> Celem niniejszej pracy jest porównanie dostępnych na polskim rynku testów molekularnych do diagnostyki zakażenia SARS-CoV2.<br /><strong>WYNIKI.</strong> Na podstawie danych udostępnionych przez producentów oraz wykonanych analiz laboratoryjnych wykazaliśmy, iż dostępne zestawy diagnostyczne różnią się głównie czułością oraz czasem trwania reakcji.<br /><strong>WNIOSKI.</strong> Ze względu na trwającą pandemię COVID-19, wskazane parametry są kluczowymi do skutecznej kontroli rozprzestrzeniania się SARS-CoV2, tym samym powinny być głównie brane pod uwagę przy wyborze i zakupie przez centra diagnostyczne.</p>
Iconic Morphology and the Study of Ideophones in Ghɔmálá’
Authors: Francine Moguo 
Published: July 2021

Speakers of Ghɔmálá’ are unanimous about the fact that certain words, heard for the first time, are immediately accessible to them. This is undoubtedly due to the fact that certain sound sequences are conventionalized in such a way that semantic associations are directly apparent. The language attests seemingly iconic patterns of word formation and thus offers evidence for us to uphold the idea that the relation between the Saussurian “signifier” and “signified” is significanltly less arbitrary than originally assumed. This paper introduces a language, Ghɔmálá’ where sound symbolism is a feature of the lexicon and even manifests itself in parts of the morphology. The objective of this paper is twofold: (1) to analyze iconic morphology which reveals the sources of some words in the language and results in the formation of pure words, and (2) to analyze ideophones and differentiate them from iconic words.