bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Access to Safe Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene: A Cross-Sectional Study among the Maasai in Tanzania
Authors: Jacob Boniphace , Kazaura Method 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTSafe water supply, sanitation, and hygiene (WaSH) are among key components to prevent and control waterborne diseases such as cholera, schistosomiasis, and other gastrointestinal morbidities in the community. In 2018, there was cholera outbreak in Ngorongoro district that was fueled by inadequate and unsafe water as well as poor sanitation and hygiene. We used an analytical cross-sectional study first to determine the proportion of households with access to WaSH and second to assess factors associated with coverage of household’s access to WaSH. Methods included interviewing heads of the household to assess the availability of safe drinking water, use of unshared toilet/latrine by household members only, and the availability of functional handwashing facility. Eight percent of households had access to WaSH. Access to household’s WaSH was positively associated with household’s monthly income, education of heads of the household, and water use per person per week. To control water-related morbidities, there is a need to improve access to reliable safe drinking water, expand alternatives of households to earn more incomes, and enhance proper sanitation and hygiene services to rural areas and marginalized groups like the Maasai of Ngorongoro in Tanzania.
A Decline and Age Shift in Malaria Incidence in Rural Mali following Implementation of Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention and Indoor Residual Spraying
Authors: Coulibaly Drissa , Guindo Boureima , Niangaly Amadou , Maiga Fayçal , Konate Salimata , Kodio Aly , Diallo Astou , Antar Abdou Tahirou Mohamed , Kone Abdoulaye K. , Traore Karim , Travassos Mark A. , Sagara Issaka , Doumbo Ogobara K. , Thera Mahamadou A. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTMany African countries have reported declines in malaria incidence, attributed to the implementation of control strategies. In Mali, artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) was introduced in 2004, and long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs) have been partially distributed free of charge since 2007. In the Malian town of Bandiagara, a study conducted from 2009 to 2013 showed a stable incidence of malaria compared with 1999, despite the implementation of ACTs and LLINs. Since 2016, seasonal malaria chemoprevention has been scaled up across the country. In addition to these strategies, the population of Bandiagara benefited from indoor residual spray implementation in 2017 and 2018 and continued universal bed net coverage. This study aimed to measure the incidence of malaria in Bandiagara, given this recent scaling up of control strategies. A cohort of 300 children aged 6 months to 15 years was followed up from October 2017 to December 2018. We performed monthly cross-sectional surveys to measure anemia and the prevalence of malaria infection by microscopy. The overall incidence of symptomatic malaria was 0.5 episodes/person-year. Malaria incidence in children up to 5 years old significantly declined since 2012 and since 1999 (incidence rate ratio estimates: 6.7 [95% CI: 4.2–11.4] and 13.5 [95% CI: 8.4–22.7]), respectively. The average prevalence of malaria parasitemia was 6.7%. Malaria incidence was higher in children older than 5 years than in those younger than 5 years, highlighting the need to extend malaria control efforts to these older children.
Species Variation in Root Tolerance of Soil Compaction and Poor Drainage
Authors: Hewitt Angela , Balestri Frank , Lo Marvin , Watson Gary 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLoam-over-compacted-clay and loam soil profiles were created in 10 cm × 10 cm × 25 cm containers. Containers were placed in trays of water to simulate poor subsoil drainage in the landscape. Four urban tolerant species,Acer negundo, Catalpa speciosa, Gleditsia triacanthos, Ulmus americana, and two less tolerant species,Quercus rubraandAcer saccharum, were direct seeded in the containers. Soil volumetric water content and oxygen diffusion rate were monitored. At the conclusion of the study, length of fine roots (< 2 mm diameter) was measured throughout the soil profile. Oxygen decreased and moisture increased with soil depth. Fine root density of all species decreased with depth exceptUlmus Americana. Catalpa speciosawas the only species showing a difference in root growth between soil types throughout the profile and had up to seven times the root density of other species at the surface and up to four times at the bottom. Root growth of most species seemed to be reduced more by high soil moisture and reduced aeration than soil texture and compaction.
Stability Recovery in London Plane Trees Eight Years After Primary Anchorage Failure
Authors: Detter Andreas , van Wassenaer Philip J. E. , Rust Steffen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAs the intensity and frequency of strong storms increase, the potential for damage to urban trees also increases. So far, the risk of ultimate failure for partially uprooted trees and how they may recover their stability is not well understood. This study sets out to explore if and to what extent trees can regain anchoring strength after their root systems have been overloaded. In 2010, ten London Plane (Platanus×acerifolia) trees were subjected to destructive winching tests. Two trees were pulled to the ground while eight were loaded until primary anchorage failure occurred and were left standing with inclined stems. In 2013, two trees had failed and six were re-tested non-destructively. By 2018, another tree had failed, and we tested the remaining five again. Rotational stiffness was derived for all trials and served as a nondestructive proxy for anchoring strength (R2= 0.91). After eight years, one tree had regained its original strength, while four had reached between 71 and 82% of their initial rotational stiffness. However, three trees failed during the observation period. The results indicate that partially uprooted trees may re-establish stability over time, but some will not and may fail. In our small data set, it was not possible to identify visual criteria that could provide a reliable indication of tree stability recovery, but our data support the assumption that nondestructive pulling tests can be successfully employed to determine good vigorous candidates for retention after partial uprooting.
PENCIPTAAN TOKOH MALEFICENT DALAM NASKAH MALEFICENT KARYA LINDA WOOLVERTON
Authors: Hachika Siti Dexara 
Published: March 2021

Penciptaan karakter Maleficent di teater adalah aktor citra diri yang ingin mengungkapkan sisi lain dari karakter. Maleficent adalah sejenis peri yang kemudian menjadi jahat karena kekecewaan terhadap orang-orang yang dicintainya. Sosok peri jahat Maleficent masih memiliki sisi baik yang ingin melindungi kerajaan Moor dan kasih sayang kepada putri Aurora. Teori yang digunakan akting dan bukan akting oleh Michael Kirby. Teori ini digunakan karena memberikan konsep dan juga mudah dipahami oleh aktor. Tujuan penciptaan adalah untuk menciptakan pertunjukan teater dari film dengan judul Maleficent. Hasil dari penciptaan karakter Maleficent adalah pesan moral bahwa seseorang memiliki dua sisi yang berbeda. Pesan moral tidak hanya menilai seseorang dari satu sisi saja, tetapi juga melihat sisi lain Maleficent character creation in the theater is a self image actor who wants to reveal the other side of a character. Maleficent is a kind of fairy figure which later became evil because of disappointment to the people she loves. The figure of the evil fairy Maleficent still have a good side that wants to protect the kingdom of Moors and affection to princess Aurora. The theory used acting and not acting by Michael Kirby. The theory is used because it provides with concept and as well as easy to understand by the actor. The purpose of creation is to create a theatrical performance from a movie with the title Maleficent. The results from Maleficent character creation is a moral message that someone has two different sides. The moral message is don’t just judge someone from one side only, but also see the other side
PSIKOLOGIS DALAM SENI: KATARSIS SEBAGAI REPRESENTASI DALAM KARYA SENI RUPA
Authors: Ernawati Ernawati 
Published: March 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengungkap peran aspek psikologis katarsis dalam karya seni rupa. Prinsip seputar psikis dapat dipraktikan dalam karya seni, salahsatunya gerakan seni rupa kontemporer. Kajian karya berdasarkan aspek psikologis, salah satunya katarsis termasuk hal yang krusial untuk dilakukan. Metode pada penelitian ini menerapkan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan multidisiplin (psikologi seni dan semiotika). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Perspektif lebih obyektif karena seniman sebagai kreator berbanding lurus dengan karya yang disajikan. Elemen visual yang dipilih dan disajikan seniman tersusun berdasarkan kemampuan kreatif menyusun citra visual yang berangkat dari aspek pengalaman yaitu berupa rasa khawatir/kegelisahan atau ketakutan yang mendasarinya dalam berkarya. Karya seni yang terwujud representasi dari dunia psikis seniman sebagai kreator. Pendekatan psikologis dalam berkarya dengan dipadukan kemampuan akademik dari aspek keilmuan seni rupa setidaknya mampu memperkaya keilmuan dalam keberagaman seni rupa. Dalam konstelasi seni rupa Indonesia kontemporer, kajian dari perspektif psikologis, khususnya katarsis pada karya seni berelasi dengan psikobiografi atau pengalaman pribadi seniman. This research aims to explore the role of catharsis psychological aspects in visual artwork. The principle surrounding the psychic can be practiced in the artwork. One of them is contemporary art movements. A study of works based on psychological aspects, one of which is cathartic includes the crucial thing to do. The method in this study implements a qualitative method with a multidisciplinary approach (the psychology of Art and semiotics). The results show that perspective is more objective because the artist as a creator is directly proportional to the work showed.The selected and presented visual elements by the artist are arranged based on a creative ability to compose a visual image that influences the experience aspect of worry/anxiety or fear underlying it in the works. The artwork embodied is a representation of the part of a psychic artist as creator. The psychological approach of working combined with the academic ability of the science aspect of the arts is at least, capable of enriching science in the diversity of visual arts. In the constellation of contemporary Indonesian visual art, a study from a psychological perspective, especially catharsis on artwork relates to a psychobiography or an artist's personal experience.
Automated time–height-resolved air mass source attribution for profiling remote sensing applications
Authors: Radenz Martin , Seifert Patric , Baars Holger , Floutsi Athena Augusta , Yin Zhenping , Bühl Johannes 
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Height-resolved air mass source attribution is crucial for the evaluation of profiling ground-based remote sensing observations, especially when using lidar (light detection and ranging) to investigate different aerosol types throughout the atmosphere. Lidar networks, such as EARLINET (European Aerosol Research Lidar Network) in the frame of ACTRIS (Aerosol, Clouds and Trace Gases), observe profiles of optical aerosol properties almost continuously, but usually, additional information is needed to support the characterization of the observed particles. This work presents an approach explaining how backward trajectories or particle positions from a dispersion model can be combined with geographical information (a land cover classification and manually defined areas) to obtain a continuous and vertically resolved estimate of an air mass source above a certain location. Ideally, such an estimate depends on as few as possible a priori information and auxiliary data.
An automated framework for the computation of such an air mass source is presented, and two applications are described. First, the air mass source information is used for the interpretation of air mass sources for three case studies with lidar observations from Limassol (Cyprus), Punta Arenas (Chile) and ship-borne off Cabo Verde. Second, air mass source statistics are calculated for two multi-week campaigns to assess potential observation biases of lidar-based aerosol statistics. Such an automated approach is a valuable tool for the analysis of short-term campaigns but also for long-term data sets, for example, acquired by EARLINET.
Simulating the spatiotemporal variations in aboveground biomass in Inner Mongolian grasslands under environmental changes
Authors: Wang Guocheng , Luo Zhongkui , Huang Yao , Sun Wenjuan , Wei Yurong , Xiao Liujun , Deng Xi , Zhu Jinhuan , Li Tingting , Zhang Wen 
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Grassland aboveground biomass (AGB) is a critical component of the
global carbon cycle and reflects ecosystem productivity. Although it is
widely acknowledged that dynamics of grassland biomass is significantly
regulated by climate change, in situ evidence at meaningfully large spatiotemporal
scales is limited. Here, we combine biomass measurements from six long-term
(> 30 years) experiments and data in existing literatures to
explore the spatiotemporal changes in AGB in Inner Mongolian temperate
grasslands. We show that, on average, annual AGB over the past 4 decades
is 2561, 1496 and 835 kg ha−1,
respectively, in meadow steppe, typical steppe and desert steppe in Inner
Mongolia. The spatiotemporal changes of AGB are regulated by interactions of
climatic attributes, edaphic properties, grassland type and livestock. Using
a machine-learning-based approach, we map annual AGB (from 1981 to 2100)
across the Inner Mongolian grasslands at the spatial resolution of 1 km. We
find that on the regional scale, meadow steppe has the highest annual AGB,
followed by typical and desert steppe. Future climate change
characterized mainly by warming could lead to a general decrease in
grassland AGB. Under climate change, on average, compared
with the historical AGB (i.e. average of 1981–2019), the AGB at the end of
this century (i.e. average of 2080–2100) would decrease by 14 % under
Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 and 28 % under RCP8.5. If the carbon dioxide
(CO2) enrichment effect on AGB is considered, however, the estimated
decreases in future AGB can be reversed due to the growing atmospheric
CO2 concentrations under both RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. The projected changes
in AGB show large spatial and temporal disparities across different
grassland types and RCP scenarios. Our study demonstrates the accuracy of
predictions in AGB using a modelling approach driven by several readily
obtainable environmental variables and provides new data at a large scale and
fine resolution extrapolated from field measurements.
A brief history of ball lightning observations by scientists and trained professionals
Authors: Keul Alexander G. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract. With thousands of eyewitness reports, but few
instrumental records and no consensus about a theory, ball lightning remains
an unsolved problem in atmospheric physics. As chances to monitor this
transient phenomenon are low, it seems promising to evaluate observation
reports by scientists and trained professionals. The following work compiles
20 published case histories and adds 15 from the author's work and 6 from a
Russian database. Forty-one cases from eight countries, 1868–2020, are presented in
abstract form with a synthesis. The collection of cases does not claim to be
complete. Six influential or notable ball lightning cases are added. It is
concluded that well-documented cases from trained observers can promote
fieldwork and stimulate and evaluate ball lightning theories. Scientists who
have not reported their experience are invited to share it with the author.
Practices of Multiple Intelligences Instruction and Teaching Performance of Public Elementary School Teachers
Authors: Badajos Lennie M. 
Published: March 2021

Research studies have explored the effects of multiple intelligences (MI) theory on the academic achievement of students. Teachers who based their instructional practices on MI theory have more authentic classrooms, and students are more genuinely engaged in class. This quantitative study determined the associations between demographic variables, the extent of multiple intelligences instructional practices, and the level of teaching performance of 178 public elementary school teachers. Using an adapted instrument, and rating form, the data were collected and were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and Pearson r. The findings showed a significant correlation between educational attainment and years of service of teachers and eight types of multiple intelligences instructional practices. Likewise, teaching performance was associated with variables such as age and years of service. On the other hand, mathematical and naturalistic multiple intelligences instructional practices were also related to teaching performance. Generally, results showed no correlation between multiple intelligences instructional practices and teaching performance of the teachers.
Effects of Chess Training on the Psychological Well-Being of Children in Conflict with the Law
Authors: Lastima Donalyn G. , Gayoles Lisa Anna M. 
Published: March 2021

Children in conflict with the law (CICL) experience psychological distress during detention. Psychological well‐being is about CICL feeling better and functioning effectively. The ability to manage negative emotions that come with their failures and disappointments is essential for the long‐term well‐being of CICL, especially when negative emotions interfere with their daily functions. It is reasonable that CICL should participate in activities that will promote their well-being, such as chess. Chess is a non-threatening game that has a positive influence not only on auditory memory function, working memory, problem-solving, concentration, cognitive skills, academic skills, and scholastic achievement but also on socio-emotional enrichment of children and adolescents. The present study deals with positive psychology and recreational therapy, which is concerned with improving well-being and utilizing recreation and other activity-based interventions as a means of physical health, psychological, recovery, and well-being, respectively. This study aimed to determine the effect of chess training on the psychological well-being of CICL. It was hypothesized that chess training increases the levels of resiliency and flourishing of CICL. The study also aimed to determine whether a significant relationship exists between resiliency and flourishing.
The Quality of Healthcare System of Level 1 Hospitals in Northern Negros Occidental
Authors: Geroso Mary Je P. , Caelian Merlita V. 
Published: March 2021

Healthcare is a primary concern of everyone. The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals recognize the importance of healthcare, ensuring healthy lives for all. Hence, healthcare organizations worldwide are interested in achieving better quality and performance. The Philippines supports this thrust towards achieving universal health coverage. The Philippine Health Agenda for 2016 to 2022 focus on recognizing the advancement and protection of public health. It has to discourse not just the universal and equitable delivery of health care but also the economic, social, and environmental dimensions of health concerns. The enactment of the Local Government Code provided that local government units deliver public health services with the national government's technical assistance through the Department of Health (DOH). Thus, this study describes and compares the level of quality of hospital healthcare system of Level 1 Hospitals in Northern Negros Occidental in the areas of hospital management, patient care management, and service delivery as assessed by implementers and patients' folks when they are taken as a whole and when grouped according to their designation. Likewise, it identified the challenges encountered by implementers and recommendations of patients' folks to improve the healthcare system of hospitals.
Comparison of gut microbiota between adults with autism spectrum disorder and obese adults
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Zou Rong , Guo Min , Duan Mengmeng , Li Quan , Zheng Huajun 
Published: March 2021

Background
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and obesity are serious global public health problems. Studies have shown that ASD children are at a higher risk of obesity than the general population. To investigate the gut microbe characteristics of adults ASD and obese adults, we compared the gut microbiota of adults with ASD to obese adults.

Methods
The fecal samples were collected from 21 adult patients with ASD and 21 obese adults, and V3–V4 regions of 16S rRNA genes were sequenced by high-throughput DNA sequencing. The gut microbiota of adults with ASD and obese adults was compared.

Results
We observed the proportion of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes in ASD was significantly increased, with families Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae significantly enriched in adult ASD. Eighteen genera, including Lachnospiracea incertae sedis, Ruminococcus, Blautia, and Holdemanella were significantly increased in adult ASD, whereas Megamonas and Fusobacterium were significantly increased in obesity. At the species level, we found six species enriched in ASD and three species enriched in obesity, including Phascolarctobacterium succinatuten producing propionate. Dialister succinatiphilus may be as a biomarker for predicting obesity, as well as Prevotella copri may be a common-owned pathogens of ASD and obesity.

Conclusions
Some conflicting results have been reported in microbiota studies of ASD, which may be related to age and obesity. Thus, the body mass index should be evaluated before analyzing the gut microbiota of patients with ASD, as obesity is prevalent in these individuals and gut microbiota is severally affected by obesity.