bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Catillaria flexuosa(Catillariaceae), a new lichen species described from the Netherlands
Authors: van den Boom Pieter P. G. , Alvarado Pablo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA new lichen species is described from specimens growing onFraxinustrees north of Eindhoven (the Netherlands). Morphological and genetic studies suggest that the new species belongs in the genusCatillaria, and the nameCatillaria flexuosais proposed because of its flexuose apothecia. The new species is characterized by the relatively large apothecia (up to 0.9 mm diam.) and relatively thick, knobby to ±subsquamulose, greenish, thallus. Due to their similar morphological features,C. flexuosacan be easily confused withCatillaria chalybeia,C. fungoidesorC. nigroclavata, so it is therefore compared with these species. In addition,Arthonia epiphysciais reported being a very rare species in the Netherlands.
Making mirrors, making albums and making documentaries: the music of Gotye and negotiating Bourdieu's field of cultural production
Authors: O'Grady Pat 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRecent popular music and film studies have revealed the political functions of documentaries about musicians. These studies suggest that such documentaries make powerful interventions into the field of music production as they construct the value of their subjects and their work. Owing to the expense and complexity of broadcast equipment, production companies have tended to favour documentaries about artists and work considered to be popular and historically significant. Over the past 15 years, however, new technologies have allowed musicians to make documentaries themselves, which they can release at the same time as their song or album. Using the example of Gotye and his album Making Mirrors, this article argues that these developments have led to powerful and distinct interventions into debates and themes within home music production for independent musicians. It also argues that the use of this technology on social media platforms challenges the relationships between text and process.
ON FORMAL DEGREES OF UNIPOTENT REPRESENTATIONS
Authors: Feng Yongqi , Opdam Eric , Solleveld Maarten 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLet G be a reductive p-adic group which splits over an unramified extension of the ground field. Hiraga, Ichino and Ikeda [24] conjectured that the formal degree of a square-integrable G-representation

$\pi $
can be expressed in terms of the adjoint

$\gamma $
-factor of the enhanced L-parameter of

$\pi $
. A similar conjecture was posed for the Plancherel densities of tempered irreducible G-representations.
We prove these conjectures for unipotent G-representations. We also derive explicit formulas for the involved adjoint

$\gamma $
-factors.
Evaluation of Triticum durum–Aegilops tauschii derived primary synthetics as potential sources of heat stress tolerance for wheat improvement
Authors: Kaur Amandeep , Chhuneja Parveen , Srivastava Puja , Singh Kuldeep , Kaur Satinder 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAddressing the impact of heat stress during flowering and grain filling is critical to sustaining wheat productivity to meet a steadily increasing demand from a rapidly growing world population. Crop wild progenitor species of wheat possess a wealth of genetic diversity for several biotic and abiotic stresses, and morphological traits and can serve as valuable donors. The transfer of useful variation from the diploid progenitor, Aegilops tauschii, to hexaploid wheat can be done through the generation of synthetic hexaploid wheat (SHW). The present study targeted the identification of potential primary SHWs to introduce new genetic variability for heat stress tolerance. Selected SHWs were screened for different yield-associated traits along with three advanced breeding lines and durum parents as checks for assessing terminal heat stress tolerance under timely and late sown conditions for two consecutive seasons. Heat tolerance index based on the number of productive tillers and thousand grain weight indicated that three synthetics, syn9809 (64.32, 78.80), syn14128 (50.30, 78.28) and syn14135 (58.16, 76.03), were able to endure terminal heat stress better than other SHWs as well as checks. One of these synthetics, syn14128, recorded a minimum reduction in thousand kernel weight (21%), chlorophyll content (2.56%), grain width (1.07%) despite minimum grain-filling duration (36.15 d) and has been selected as a potential candidate for introducing the terminal heat stress tolerance in wheat breeding programmes. Breeding efforts using these candidate donors will help develop lines with a higher potential to express the desired heat stress-tolerant phenotype under field conditions.
Employment preservation and textile regulation in early modern England, 1550–1640
Authors: Gendron John H. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMuch agreement exists among economic historians that an institutional structure which allows for broad participation in a country's economy is conducive to growth. With respect to England's institutional structure, changes that followed the Glorious Revolution of 1688 are given pride of place in recent literature. This article contributes to this literature by highlighting and explaining regulatory change that removed barriers to entry into the country's most vital industry, textiles, in the years between 1550 and 1640. However, although economic historians have tended to explain England's growth-facilitating institutions as arising abruptly through political revolution that placed constraints on the Crown, this article will elucidate change that was protracted, accretive, peaceful, and came through royal institutions. More specifically, this article argues that restrictive regulations, which were widely supported, were removed because Crown and Council, in consultation with local officials, recognized that enforcement would come at the cost of the greater priority of employment preservation.
Fifteen Years of HFC‐134a Satellite Observations: Comparisons With SLIMCAT Calculations
Authors: Harrison Jeremy J. , Chipperfield Martyn P. , Boone Christopher D. , Dhomse Sandip S. , Bernath Peter F. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe phase out of anthropogenic ozone‐depleting substances such as chlorofluorocarbons under the terms of the Montreal Protocol led to the development and worldwide use of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) in refrigeration, air conditioning, and as blowing agents and propellants. Consequently, over recent years, the atmospheric abundances of HFCs have dramatically increased. HFCs are powerful greenhouse gases and are now controlled under the terms of the 2016 Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol. HFC‐134a is currently the most abundant HFC in the atmosphere, breaking the 100 ppt barrier in 2018, and can be measured in the Earth's atmosphere by the satellite remote‐sensing instrument ACE‐FTS (Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment‐Fourier Transform Spectrometer), which has been measuring since 2004. This work uses the ACE‐FTS v4.0 data product to investigate global distributions and trends of HFC‐134a. These measurements are compared with a simulation of SLIMCAT, a state‐of‐the‐art three‐dimensional chemical transport model, which is constrained by global surface HFC‐134a measurements. The agreement between observation and model is good, although in the tropical troposphere ACE‐FTS measurements are biased low by up to 10–15 ppt. The overall ACE‐FTS global trend of HFC‐134a for the altitude range 5.5–24.5 km and 2004–2018 time period is approximately linear with a value of 4.49 ± 0.02 ppt/year, slightly lower than the corresponding SLIMCAT trend of 4.66 ppt/year. Using a simple box model, we also estimate the annual global emissions and burdens of HFC‐134a from the model data, indicating that emissions of HFC‐134a have increased almost linearly, reaching 236 Gg by 2018.
The Influence of Key Climate Variables on Mass Balance of Naimona'nyi Glacier on a North‐Facing Slope in the Western Himalayas
Authors: Zhu Meilin , Yang Wei , Yao Tandong , Tian Lide , Thompson Lonnie G. , Zhao Huabiao 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGlacier mass changes in the Himalayas impact on sustainable water resources and hazards in downstream regions. However, mass balance variation and its drivers on north‐facing slopes in the Himalayas are not well understood. This study presents the meteorological conditions, energy and mass balance characteristics for Naimona'nyi Glacier on a north‐facing slope in the western Himalayas, based on energy‐mass balance model and high‐altitude measurements from October 2010 to September 2018. The average annual mass balance measured for Naimona'nyi Glacier was −0.39 m water equivalent a−1 and point mass balances below 6,070 m above sea level were always negative. Simulations showed that melt during the ablation season dominated the annual mass balance and the interannual variability in the mass balance, and that variability in melt energy was controlled by albedo during the ablation season. The annual mass balance was found to be significantly correlated with annual precipitation during the 2011–2018 period, which is accounted for by the change in ablation‐season albedo and melt energy. The average mass balance for glaciers in the western Himalayas were higher during the 2010–2019 period than during the 2000–2009 period, partly because of higher annual precipitation during the 2010–2019 period. Over the last 20 years, the increased precipitation in the cold season was driven by a cyclonic circulation anomaly over the northwestern Indian Peninsula, which may be linked to the strengthened North Atlantic Oscillation, and the increased precipitation in the ablation season was driven by an anomaly in the cyclonic circulation over Central India, which may be related to enhanced deep convection over the Indian subcontinent and the enhanced Atlantic multidecadal oscillation.
Locating Rockfalls Using Inter‐Station Ratios of Seismic Energy at Dolomieu Crater, Piton de la Fournaise Volcano
Authors: Kuehnert J. , Mangeney A. , Capdeville Y. , Vilotte J. P. , Stutzmann E. , Chaljub E. , Aissaoui E. , Boissier P. , Brunet C. , Kowalski P. , Lauret F. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRockfalls generate seismic signals that can be used to detect and monitor rockfall activity. Event locations can be estimated on the basis of arrival times, amplitudes, or polarization of these seismic signals. However, surface topography variations can significantly influence seismic wave propagation and hence compromise results. Here, we specifically use the signature of topography on the seismic signal to better constrain the source location. Seismic impulse responses are predicted using Spectral Element based simulation of three‐dimensional wave propagation in realistic geological media. Subsequently, rockfalls are located by minimizing the misfit between simulated and observed inter‐station energy ratios. The method is tested on rockfalls at Dolomieu crater, Piton de la Fournaise volcano, Reunion Island. Both single boulder impacts and distributed granular flows are successfully located, tracking the complete rockfall trajectories by analyzing the signals in sliding time windows. Results from the highest frequency band (here 13–17 Hz) yield the best spatial resolution, making it possible to distinguish detachment positions less than 100 m apart. By taking into account surface topography, both vertical and horizontal signal components can be used. Limitations and the noise robustness of the location method are assessed using synthetic signals. Precise representation of the topography controls the location resolution, which is not significantly affected by the assumed impact direction. Tests on the network geometry reveal best resolution when the seismometers triangulate the source. We conclude that this method can improve the monitoring of rockfall activity in real time once a simulated database for the region of interest is created.
Characterizing Convection Schemes Using Their Responses to Imposed Tendency Perturbations
Authors: Hwong Y. L. , Song S. , Sherwood S. C. , Stirling A. J. , Rio C. , Roehrig R. , Daleu C. L. , Plant R. S. , Fuchs D. , Maher P. , Touzé‐Peiffer L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractConvection is usually parameterized in global climate models, and there are often large discrepancies between results obtained with different convection schemes. Conventional methods of comparing convection schemes using observational cases or directly in three‐dimensional (3D) models do not always clearly identify parameterization strengths and weaknesses. In this paper we evaluate the response of parameterizations to various perturbations rather than their behavior under particular strong forcing. We use the linear response function method proposed by Kuang (2010) to compare 12 physical packages in five atmospheric models using single‐column model (SCM) simulations under idealized radiative‐convective equilibrium conditions. The models are forced with anomalous temperature and moisture tendencies. The temperature and moisture departures from equilibrium are compared with published results from a cloud‐resolving model (CRM). Results show that the procedure is capable of isolating the behavior of a convection scheme from other physics schemes. We identify areas of agreement but also substantial differences between convection schemes, some of which can be related to scheme design. Some aspects of the model linear responses are related to their RCE profiles (the relative humidity profile in particular), while others constitute independent diagnostics. All the SCMs show irregularities or discontinuities in behavior that are likely related to threshold‐related mechanisms used in the convection schemes, and which do not appear in the CRM. Our results highlight potential flaws in convection schemes and suggest possible new directions to explore for parameterization evaluation.
Treatment of bilateral sacral insufficiency fractures with sacroplasty in a patient with motor complete tetraplegia
Authors: Petriello Marla A. , Groah Suzanne , Matiana Suman D. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Osteoporosis is a common secondary complication of spinal cord injury, with fragility fractures typically occurring in the lower body and management often is conservative.

Case presentation
We present a 52-year-old male with chronic complete tetraplegia who presented to the emergency room with unremitting autonomic dysreflexia (AD). He was admitted for medical management of the AD when a source of the AD could not be identified. After an extensive workup, the patient was found to have bilateral sacral insufficiency fractures. He subsequently underwent sacroplasty with immediate and full resolution of AD symptoms and return to full premorbid function within 24 h.

Discussion
People with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) are at risk for spinal column fragility fractures in addition to lower extremity fractures. Vertebroplasty may be a safe option for treatment of insufficiency fractures in situations where conservative care may put people at risk for significant immobility-associated complications.
N6-methyladenosine modification of circCUX1 confers radioresistance of hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma through caspase1 pathway
Authors: Wu Ping , Fang Xing , Liu Yalan , Tang Yaoyun , Wang Wei , Li Xin , Fan Yuhua 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPSCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in otolaryngology head and neck surgery and is one of the worst prognostic malignant tumors. Endogenous circular RNA (circRNA) is more stable than mRNA, microRNA (miRNA), and long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) in exosomes, plasma, and urine, and participates in gene expression regulation to perform different functions. Therefore, circRNA is expected to become a biomarker and therapy target for many tumors. However, the expression and function of circRNA regulated by N6-methyladenosine (m6A) are still unclear in HNSCC. In this study, we demonstrated that a specific circRNA, circCUX1, was upregulated in HPSCC patients who are resistant to radiotherapy and predicts poor survival outcome. We further found that methyltransferase like 3 (METTL3) mediated the m6A methylation of circCUX1 and stabilizes its expression. Knockdown circCUX1 promotes the sensitivity of hypopharyngeal cancer cells to radiotherapy. In addition, circCUX1 binds to Caspase1 and inhibits its expression, resulting in a decrease in the release of inflammatory factors, thereby developing tolerance to radiotherapy. Our findings indicate that circCUX1 is a potential therapeutic target for radiotherapy tolerance in HPSCC patients.
CircSPI1 acts as an oncogene in acute myeloid leukemia through antagonizing SPI1 and interacting with microRNAs
Authors: Wang Xiaoling , Jin Peng , Zhang Yi , Wang Kankan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPU.1 (encoded by SPI1) is essential for myeloid development, and inhibition of its expression and activity can lead to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The precise regulation of PU.1 expression is crucial for the development of AML, and the discovery of circular RNAs (circRNAs) can add a new layer of information on regulation. Here, we found that circSPI1, the circular RNA derived from the SPI1 gene, is highly expressed in AML but not in normal counterparts. Unlike SPI1, a tumor suppressor and being lowly expressed in AML, we demonstrate that circSPI1 acts as an oncogene, evidenced by the observation that circSPI1 knockdown induces myeloid differentiation and apoptosis of AML cells. We provide mechanistic evidence for multiple regulatory roles of circSPI1 in AML progression. On one hand, circSPI1 contributes to myeloid differentiation of AML cells by interacting with the translation initiation factor eIF4AIII to antagonize PU.1 expression at the translation level. On the other hand, circSPI1 contributes to proliferation and apoptosis by interacting with miR-1307-3p, miR-382-5p, and miR-767-5p; this role is uncoupled with SPI1. Finally, we illustrate the clinical significance of circSPI1 by showing that circSPI1-regulated genes are associated with the clinical outcome of AML patients. Our data provide new insight into the complex SPI1 gene regulation now involving circSPI1.
Emerging role of RNA modification N6-methyladenosine in immune evasion
Authors: Lou Xin , Wang Juan-Juan , Wei Ya-Qing , Sun Jin-Jin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe innate and adaptive immune cells have complex signaling pathways for sensing and initiating immune responses against disease. These pathways are interrupted at different levels to occur immune evasion, including by N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification. In this review, we discuss studies revealing the immune evasion mechanism by m6A modification, which underlies the retouching of these signaling networks and the rapid tolerance of innate and adaptive immune molecules during disease. We also focus on the functions of m6A in main chemokines regulation, and their roles in promotive and suppressive immune cell recruitment. We then discuss some of the current challenges in the field and describe future directions for the immunological mechanisms of m6A modification.
Time and classical equations of motion from quantum entanglement via the Page and Wootters mechanism with generalized coherent states
Authors: Foti Caterina , Coppo Alessandro , Barni Giulio , Cuccoli Alessandro , Verrucchi Paola 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe draw a picture of physical systems that allows us to recognize what “time” is by requiring consistency with the way that time enters the fundamental laws of Physics. Elements of the picture are two non-interacting and yet entangled quantum systems, one of which acting as a clock. The setting is based on the Page and Wootters mechanism, with tools from large-N quantum approaches. Starting from an overall quantum description, we first take the classical limit of the clock only, and then of the clock and the evolving system altogether; we thus derive the Schrödinger equation in the first case, and the Hamilton equations of motion in the second. This work shows that there is not a “quantum time”, possibly opposed to a “classical” one; there is only one time, and it is a manifestation of entanglement.
Photolytic radical persistence due to anoxia in viscous aerosol particles
Authors: Alpert Peter A. , Dou Jing , Corral Arroyo Pablo , Schneider Frederic , Xto Jacinta , Luo Beiping , Peter Thomas , Huthwelker Thomas , Borca Camelia N. , Henzler Katja D. , Schaefer Thomas , Herrmann Hartmut , Raabe Jörg , Watts Benjamin , Krieger Ulrich K. , Ammann Markus 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn viscous, organic-rich aerosol particles containing iron, sunlight may induce anoxic conditions that stabilize reactive oxygen species (ROS) and carbon-centered radicals (CCRs). In laboratory experiments, we show mass loss, iron oxidation and radical formation and release from photoactive organic particles containing iron. Our results reveal a range of temperature and relative humidity, including ambient conditions, that control ROS build up and CCR persistence in photochemically active, viscous organic particles. We find that radicals can attain high concentrations, altering aerosol chemistry and exacerbating health hazards of aerosol exposure. Our physicochemical kinetic model confirmed these results, implying that oxygen does not penetrate such particles due to the combined effects of fast reaction and slow diffusion near the particle surface, allowing photochemically-produced radicals to be effectively trapped in an anoxic organic matrix.
Crystal structures of human MGST2 reveal synchronized conformational changes regulating catalysis
Authors: Thulasingam Madhuranayaki , Orellana Laura , Nji Emmanuel , Ahmad Shabbir , Rinaldo-Matthis Agnes , Haeggström Jesper Z. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMicrosomal glutathione S-transferase 2 (MGST2) produces leukotriene C4, key for intracrine signaling of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, oxidative DNA damage and cell death. MGST2 trimer restricts catalysis to only one out of three active sites at a time, but the molecular basis is unknown. Here, we present crystal structures of human MGST2 combined with biochemical and computational evidence for a concerted mechanism, involving local unfolding coupled to global conformational changes that regulate catalysis. Furthermore, synchronized changes in the biconical central pore modulate the hydrophobicity and control solvent influx to optimize reaction conditions at the active site. These unique mechanistic insights pertain to other, structurally related, drug targets.
Substantial decrease in CO2 emissions from Chinese inland waters due to global change
Authors: Ran Lishan , Butman David E. , Battin Tom J. , Yang Xiankun , Tian Mingyang , Duvert Clément , Hartmann Jens , Geeraert Naomi , Liu Shaoda 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCarbon dioxide (CO2) evasion from inland waters is an important component of the global carbon cycle. However, it remains unknown how global change affects CO2 emissions over longer time scales. Here, we present seasonal and annual fluxes of CO2 emissions from streams, rivers, lakes, and reservoirs throughout China and quantify their changes over the past three decades. We found that the CO2 emissions declined from 138 ± 31 Tg C yr−1 in the 1980s to 98 ± 19 Tg C yr−1 in the 2010s. Our results suggest that this unexpected decrease was driven by a combination of environmental alterations, including massive conversion of free-flowing rivers to reservoirs and widespread implementation of reforestation programs. Meanwhile, we found increasing CO2 emissions from the Tibetan Plateau inland waters, likely attributable to increased terrestrial deliveries of organic carbon and expanded surface area due to climate change. We suggest that the CO2 emissions from Chinese inland waters have greatly offset the terrestrial carbon sink and are therefore a key component of China’s carbon budget.