bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radical Resection and Reconstruction in Patients With Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma in the Minor Salivary Glands of the Palate
Authors: Chen Wei-liang , Wang Yan , Zhou Bin , Liao Juan-kun , Chen Rui 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: This study evaluated the clinical outcomes of the patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the minor salivary glands of the palate. Methods: Forty-four patients with stage I–II disease and 14 patients with stage III–IV disease underwent radical excision and reconstruction with a facial-submental artery island flap (FSAIF) and titanium mesh plus a free anterolateral thigh flap (ALTF) and radiotherapy respectively. Patients with stage III–IV disease subsequently received cobalt Co 60 adjuvant radiotherapy. Ki-67 expression was determined semiquantitatively in 52 patients with ACC by based on the cytoplasm staining intensity and percentage of positively stained tumor cells.Results: The median (range) follow-up was 32.9 (14–58) months. Forty-one (71.7%) patients survived without disease recurrence. Nine patients (15.5%) survived with recurrent tumors (four with local recurrence, three with regional recurrence requiring salvage surgery, and two with distant metastasis); among these patients, five had overlapping recurrence. Eight patients (13.8%) died of regional, distant, or multiorgan metastasis (range: 22–42 months). The overall median (95% CI) survival time was 32.5 (25.0–39.5) months, and the median (95% CI) progression-free survival time was 32.9 (28.5–36.9) months. Rates of survival and recurrence differed significantly between patients with low- and high-grade tumors, patients with clinical stage I–II disease and those with stage III–IV disease, patients with and without lymph node metastasis, patients who underwent radical excision with versus without radiotherapy, and patients with low and high Ki-67 expression. Conclusion: Radical resection and reconstruction with FSAIF is the most suitable treatment for stage I–II ACC of the minor salivary glands of the palate. Stage III–IV tumors require radical resection, reconstruction with titanium mesh and free ALTF, and radiotherapy.
Evaluation of Plasma-Assisted Noninvasive Surgery (PANIS) as a New Technique for Sublimating Large Benign Conjunctival Nevus with Amniotic Membrane Transplantation (AMT); A Clinical Case Report
Authors: Nejat Farhad , Jadidi Khosrow , Eghtedari Shima , Moradi Maryam , Nabavi Nazanin Sadat 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: conjunctival nevi are benign ocular lesions with a low risk of malignant transformation to melanoma. Due to cosmetic reasons patients usually consider surgical removal options. In this case report, we are presenting a new approach using plasma-assisted noninvasive surgery (PANIS) with amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) to sublimate the nevus border and fuse the AMT with the remaining conjunctiva.Case presentation: A 33-year-old man with a history of large conjunctival nevus in his left eye, that its benignity was proved by an expert ophthalmologist through years of examination, has visited our center in September 2020. Plasma spots were used to sublimate the nevus border and fuse AMT with the conjunctiva. The patient was discharged fully satisfied without any complications and no recurrences were seen in a year of follow-up. Visual parameters were not significantly changed while the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) was reduced dramatically. Conclusion: Conjunctival nevi removal using the PANIS method with AMT is a safe, minimally invasive, and inexpensive therapeutic option. Plasma spots are suitable for AMT adhesion to the remaining conjunctiva after the nevus removal.
Ghost imaging with electron microscopy inspired, non-orthogonal phase masks
Authors: Kallepalli Akhil , Stellinga Daan , Sun Ming-Jie , Bowman Richard , Rotunno Enzo , Grillo Vincenzo , Padgett Miles 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Transmission electron microscopes (TEM) achieve high resolution imaging by raster scanning a focused beam of electrons over the sample and measuring the transmission to form an image. While a TEM can achieve a much higher resolution than optical microscopes, they face challenges of damage to samples during the high energy processes involved. Here, we explore the possibility of applying computational ghost imaging techniques adapted from the optical regime to reduce the total, required illumination intensity. The technological lack of the equivalent high-resolution, optical spatial light modulator for electrons means that a different approach needs to be pursued. Using the optical equivalent, we show that a simple six-needle charged device to modulate the illuminating beam, alongside a novel reconstruction method to handle the resulting highly non-orthogonal patterns, is capable of producing images comparable in quality to a raster-scanned approach with much lower peak intensity.
Motorized 2-3 Wheelers Death Rates Over a Decade: A Global Study
Authors: Yasin Yasin J , Grivna Michal , Abu-Zidan Fikri 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Motorized 2-3 wheelers-related death are high due to the exposed body of the driver/passenger and the high speed. The United Nation (UN) Decade of Action for road safety aimed to reduce road traffic deaths by 50% by the year 2020. We aimed to study the factors affecting the death rates of motorized 2-3 wheelers injuried victims and whether the reduction of the death rates has met the UN target.Methods: Data were retrieved from the WHO Global Status Reports on Road Safety published over 2009 to 2018 which covered the years of 2007 to 2016. Studied variables included motorized 2-3 wheelers death rates, percentage of helmet-wearing rate, helmet law enforcement, speed law enforcement, gross national income per capita, vehicles/person ratio, motorized 2-3 wheelers/person ratio. A mixed linear model was used to define factors affecting the change of motorized 2-3 wheelers death rates over time.Results: Global mortality rates of motorized 2-3 wheelers increased by 6.5% over 10 years which was not statistically significant. Factors that affected mortality included GNI (p=0.025), motorized 2-3 wheelers per person ratio (p < 0.0001), percentage of helmet wearing rate (p=0.046), and the interaction between vehicle/person ratio and motorized 2-3 wheelers/person ratio (p=0.016). There was a significant increase in the death rates over time in the low-income countries (170.2 %, p=0.019, Friedman test), and middle-income countries (56.1 %, p < 0.0001, Friedman test), compared with a significant decrease in the high-income countries (17.8 %, p < 0.0001, Friedman test). Conclusions: Global mortality of motorized 2-3 wheelers has increased by 6.5% over a recent decade. The UN target of reducing death was not met. The increase was related to the increase of motorized 2-3 wheelers per person ratio and economic inequiety which has to be addressed globally. The economic global gap significantly impacts the mortality rates of motorized 2-3 wheelers.
Larval Transcriptomic Responses of a Stony Coral, Acropora Tenuis, During Initial Contact with the Native Symbiont, Symbiodinium Microadriaticum
Authors: Yoshioka Yuki , Yamashita Hiroshi , Suzuki Go , Shinzato Chuya 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Although numerous dinoflagellate species (Family Symbiodiniaceae) are present in coral reef environments, Acropora corals tend to select a single species, Symbiodinium microadriaticum, in early life stages, even though this species is rarely found in mature colonies. In order to identify molecular mechanisms involved in initial contact with native symbionts, we analyzed transcriptomic responses of Acropora tenuis larvae at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h after their first contact, together with inoculation using non-native symbionts, including the non-symbiotic S. natans and the occasional symbiont, S. tridacnidorum. Some gene expression changes were detected in larvae inoculated with non-native symbionts 1 h post-inoculation (hpi)), but those returned to baseline levels afterward. In contrast, we found that the number of differentially expressed genes gradually increased in relation to inoculation time when larvae were exposed to native symbionts. As a specific response to native symbionts, upregulation of pattern recognition receptor-like and transporter genes, and suppression of cellular function genes related to immunity and apoptosis, were exclusively observed. These findings indicate that coral larvae recognize differences between symbionts, and when the appropriate symbionts infect, they coordinate gene expression to establish stable mutualism.
Role of DNA Methylation in Mechanisms of Anterograde Amnesia
Authors: Solntseva Svetlana , Nikitin Vladimir , Kozyrev Sergey , Nikitin Pavel 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Previously, we found that impairment of conditioned food aversion memory consolidation or reconsolidation in snails by NMDA glutamate receptors antagonists led to the induction of amnesia changing over time. In particular, at the later amnesia stages (10 or more days), repeated aversion training for the same food type that was used in the initial training did not induce long-term memory formation. In these animals, long-term aversion memory for a new food type was formed. We characterized this amnesia as specific anterograde amnesia. In the present work, using DNA methyltransferases (DNMT) inhibitors, the DNA methylation processes role in mechanisms of anterograde amnesia and recovery from amnesia was investigated. It was found that in amnestic animals, DNMT inhibitor administration before or after repeated training led to the rapid long-term conditioned food aversion memory formation. It depended on proteins and mRNA synthesis at certain time windows. Thus, protein synthesis inhibitors administration before or immediately after repeated training, or RNA synthesis inhibitor injection after training, prevented memory formation induced by the DNMT inhibitor. The effects of DNMT inhibitors were specific for certain conditioned stimulus, since these inhibitors did not affect amnestic animals training for a new food stimulus. DNMT inhibition during second training removed blockade of these genes' expression, opening up access to them for transcription factors synthesized during training. Thus, this work was the first to study the molecular mechanisms of anterograde amnesia, as well as memory recovery, which can be important for search for pharmacological correction of this neuropsychic pathology.
Kuala Lumpur Train Collision During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Idrose Alzamani M. , Abu-Zidan Fikri M. , Roslan Nurul Liana , Hashim Khairul Izwan M. , Adibi Saiyidi Mohd Azizi Mohd , Wahab Mahathar Abd. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Two city trains collided in an underground tunnel on 24th May 2021 at the height of Covid-19 pandemic near the Petronas Towers, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia immediately after the evening rush hours. We aim to evaluate the management of this mass casualty incident highlighting the lessons learned to be used in preparedness for similar incidents that may occur in other major cities worldwide. Methods: Information regarding incident site and hospital management response were analysed. Data on demography, triaging, injuries and hospital management of patients were collected according to a designed protocol. Challenges, difficulties and their solutions were reported. Results: The train's emergency response team (ERT) has shut down train movements towards the incident site. Red zone (in the tunnel), yellow zone (the station platform) and green zone (outside the station entrance) were established. The fire and rescue team arrived and assisted the ERT in the red zone. Incident command system was established at the site. Medical base station was established at the yellow zone. 214 passengers were in the trains. 64 of them were injured. They had a median (range) ISS of 2 (1-43) and all were sent to Hospital Kuala Lumpur (HKL). Six (9.4%) patients were clinically triaged as red (critical), 19 (29.7%) as yellow (semi-critical) and 39 (60.9%) as green (non-critical). HKL's disaster plan was activated. All patients underwent temperature and epidemiology link assessment. Seven (10.9 %) patients were admitted to the hospital (3 to the ICU, 3 to the ward, and 1 to a private hospital as requested by the patient), while the rest 56 (87.5%) (56) were discharged home. Six (9.4%) needed surgery. The Covid-19 tests were conducted on seven patients (10.9%) and was negative There were no deaths. Conclusions: The mass casualty incident was handled properly because of a clear standard operating procedure, smooth coordination between multi-agencies and the hospitals, presence of a'binary' system for 'Covid risk' and 'non-Covid risk' areas, and the modifications of the existing disaster plan. Preparedness for MCIs is essential during pandemics.
LncRNA-mRNA Expression Pattern in Invasive Pituitary Adenomas: A Microarray Analysis
Authors: Peng Chao , Wang Shuaikai , Yu Jinxiu , Deng Xiaoyi , Chen Zhishan , Ye Huiyu , Yao Hongru , Cai Hanjia , Li Yanli , Yuan Yong 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Backgrounds: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in tumorigenesis and progression of various cancer types; however, their roles in the development of invasive pituitary adenomas (PAs) remain to be investigated.Methods: lncRNA microarray was performed in three invasive and three noninvasive PAs. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis were performed, and coexpression networks between lncRNA and mRNA were constructed. Furthermore, three differentially expressed lncRNAs were selected for validation by real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in PA samples. The diagnostic values of these three lncRNAs were further evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.Results: A total of 8872 lncRNAs were identified in invasive and paired noninvasive PAs using lncRNA microarray. Among these, the differentially expressed lncRNAs included 81 that were upregulated and 165 that were downregulated. GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis showed that these differentially expressed lncRNAs were associated with post-translational modifications of proteins. Furthermore, we performed target gene prediction and coexpression analysis. The interrelationships between the lncRNAs and mRNAs with significant differential expression were identified. Additionally, three differentially expressed lncRNAs were selected for validation in 41 PA samples by qRT-PCR. The expression levels of FAM182B, LOC105371531, and LOC105375785 in the invasive PAs were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than in the noninvasive PAs, and these results were consistent with the microarray data. ROC analysis suggested that FAM182B and LOC105375785 expression levels could be used to distinguish invasive PAs from noninvasive PAs.Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated the lncRNAs expression patterns in invasive PAs. Thus, FAM182B and LOC105375785 may be involved in the invasiveness of PAs and serve as new candidate biomarkers for the diagnosis of invasive PAs.
Cooperative Attack-Defense Decision-Making of Multi-UAV Using Satisficing Decision-Enhanced Wolf Pack Search Algorithm
Authors: Zhou Tongle , Chen Mou , Wang Yuhui , Zhu Ronggang , Yang Chenguang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have shown their superiority for applications in complicated military missions. A cooperative attack-defense decision-making method based on satisficing decision-enhanced wolf pack search (SDEWPS) algorithm is developed for multi-UAV air combat in this paper. Firstly, the multi-UAV air combat mathematical model is provided and the attack-defense decision-making constraints are defined. Besides the traditional air combat situation, the capability of UAVs and target information including target type and target intention are all considered in this paper to establish the air combat superiority function. Then, the wolf pack search (WPS) algorithm is used to solve the attack decision problem. In order to improve efficiency, the satisficing decision theory is employed to enhance the WPS to obtain the satisficing solution rather than optimal solution. The simulation results show that the developed method can realize the cooperative attack decision-making.
Development and Analysis of a Predictive Nomogram Assessing Cancer Risk in a Chinese Cohort of Patients Presenting with Pulmonary Nodules
Authors: Liao Zufang , Zheng Rongjiong , Li Ni , Shao Guofeng 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Lung cancer is a major global threat to public health for which a novel prognostic nomogram is urgently needed.Patients and methods: Here, we designed a novel prognostic nomogram using a training dataset consisting of 178 pulmonary nodules for design and 124nodules for external validation. The R ‘caret’ package was used to separate patients for design into two groups, including a training cohort (n=126) for model construction and an internal validation cohort (n=52). Optimal feature selection for this model was achieved using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression (LASSO) model. C-index values, calibration plots, and decision curve analyses were used to gauge the discrimination, calibration, and clinical utility, respectively, of this predictive model. Validation was then performed with the validation cohort.Results: A predictive nomogram was successfully constructed incorporating hypertension status, plasma fibrinogen levels, serum uric acid (SUA) levels, triglyceride (TG) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, density, spicule sign, ground-glass opacity (GGO), and pulmonary nodule size. This model exhibited good discriminative ability, with a C-index value of 0.795 (95% CI: 0.720–0.870), and was well-calibrated. When we used the validation cohort to evaluate the model, the C-indexes were 0.886 (95% CI: 0.800–0.972) and 0.817 (95% CI: 0.747–0.897) for internal validation and external validation, respectively. Decision curve analyses indicated the clinical value of this predictive nomogram when used at a lung cancer possibility threshold of 9%.Conclusion: The nomogram constructed in this study, which incorporates hypertension status, plasma fibrinogen levels, SUA, TG, HDL, density, spicule sign, GGO status, and pulmonary nodule size was able to reliably predict lung cancer risk in this Chinese cohort of patients presenting with pulmonary nodules.
Impact of Remote Teaching on Japanese Medical University Students' Sleeping Habits : a Longitudinal Study
Authors: Hori Reiko , Shibata Eiji , Okajima Iwao , Matsunaga Masahiro , Umemura Tomohiro , Narisada Akihiko , Suzuki Kohta 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has changed our daily life. Owing to the imposed restrictions, many educational facilities have introduced remote teaching. This study aims to understand the impact of remote teaching on Japanese university students' sleeping habits.Methods: The participants were medical university students. We used data from an ongoing longitudinal sleeping habits survey. For 684 participants who enrolled in the university during 2018–2020, multilevel analyses of sleep duration during weekdays and weekends across 3 years were conducted, adjusting for gender, grade, place of stay, sleep problems and lifestyle habits. Results: Among the participants, 356 male (mean ± standard deviation: 22 ± 3, 18–37 years old) and 288 female (22 ± 3, 18–32 years old) students in 2018, 365 male (24 ± 3,18–36 years old) and 284 female (22 ± 2, 18–33 years old) students in 2019, and 226 male (20 ± 3,18-36 years old) and 167 female (21 ± 2, 18–34 years old) students in 2020 answered the questionnaire. The mean sleep duration during weekdays (in minutes) was 407.6 ± 60.3 in 2018, 406.9 ± 63.0 in 2019, and 417.3 ± 80.9 in 2020. The mean sleep duration during weekends (in minutes) was 494.5 ± 82.5 in 2018, 488.3 ± 87.9 in 2019, and 462.3 ± 96.4 in 2020. The analysis showed that sleep duration during weekdays was associated with the place of stay and survey year. Moreover, students reported significantly longer sleep duration during weekdays in 2020 than 2019, but no significant difference in sleep duration between 2018 and 2019. Sleep duration during weekends was found to be associated with the survey year, gender and always doing something before going to bed. Sleep duration during weekends was shorter in 2020 than 2019 and longer in male students and students who always do something before going to bed. Ten students were reported to have a delayed sleep phase in 2020. Conclusions: Students' sleep duration increased during weekdays and decreased during weekends in 2020. This difference could be explained by the COVID-19 pandemic and the introduction of remote teaching.
Following the SPARC: tracking Secreted Protein Acidic and Rich in Cysteine associated with LX-2´s extracellular vesicles as a non-destructive modality to evaluate lipid-based antifibrotic treatments
Authors: Zivko Cristina , Fuhrmann Kathrin , Fuhrmann Gregor , Luciani Paola 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Uncovering the complex cellular mechanisms underlying hepatic fibrogenesis, a highly dynamic and active process ultimately responsible for liver failure if left untreated, could expedite the development of effective treatments and noninvasive diagnostic modalities for this often silent pathology. The biochemical complexity of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their role in intercellular communication make them an attractive tool to look for biomarkers that might become a viable alternative to invasive liver biopsies. We developed a solid set of methods to isolate and characterize EVs from differently treated human hepatic stellate cell (HSC) line LX-2 in vitro, and we investigated the biological effect they exert onto naïve LX-2, proving that EVs do play an active role in fibrogenesis. Electrical/asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (EAF4) revealed EV subpopulations with different physicochemical behaviors. Proteomic data from our samples was mined for EV-associated proteins whose expression correlated with HSC treatment. Consequently, we chose the secreted protein acidic and cysteine rich (SPARC), a matricellular protein previously reported to be upregulated in activated HSCs, as a proof-of-concept protein to explore the feasibility of using fluorescence nanoparticle tracking analysis as a non-destructive tool for the determination of HSCs’ fibrogenic phenotype based on EVs. We could thus use EVs to directly evaluate the efficacy of treatment with S80, a lipid rich (>75 %) in polyenylphosphatidylcholines (PPC). We found that PPC-rich S80 reduces the relative presence of SPARC-positive EVs. For the first time, we could correlate the cellular response to lipid-based antifibrotic treatment to the relative presence of a candidate protein marker associated with the released EVs. In addition to providing novel insights into PPC treatments, our findings pave the way for more precise and less invasive diagnostic analyses of hepatic fibrogenesis.