bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low Embolic Risk from Short Duration Atrial Fibrillation following Anatomic Lung Resection
Authors: Jiang Boxiang , Linden Philip , Oliu Alejandro , Towe Christopher , Perry Yaron , Worrell Stephanie 
Published: May 2021

Objectives
There is no consensus regarding the merits of anticoagulation following short duration atrial arrhythmia and anatomic lung resection. We hypothesized that the risk of embolic event following episodes of atrial fibrillation (AF) lasting less than 48 hours is low and even with an elevated CHA2DS2-VASC score should not incur the risk of long-term full dose anticoagulation contrary to recommendations.
Design & Intervention
A retrospective review was performed of a prospectively maintained database of all patients undergoing anatomic lung resection at a single institution from 2014 to 2019. Patients who had new onset post-operative atrial fibrillation (POAF) were queried as to their co-morbidities, the length of arrhythmia, discharge with anticoagulation, and any post-operative embolic events.
Main Outcome Measures
There were 565 patients who underwent anatomic lung resection. 40 patients (7.1%) developed new POAF that lasted a median of one day. In 32 patients (80%), POAF lasted for less than 48 hours. There were 28 males and 12 females, median age of 73 years. These patients underwent segmentectomy (2/40), lobectomy (24/40) and pneumonectomy (14/40). Twenty-nine patients were discharged home without anticoagulation. Median follow-up was 22 month (range 1.3 – 62.8 month). Two patients had embolic events and these two were discharged home without anticoagulation. The overall incidence rate of thromboembolic events was 3.2% per person year.
Conclusions
Our data suggest that the risk of arterial embolic events is low in patients with new, short duration atrial fibrillation post anatomical lung resection. Anticoagulation may not be necessary in these patients and can be given selectively.
Evaluation of Efficacy of Cucumis melo in Gentamycin and CPD Induced Urolithiasis on Rats
Authors: Patel Dhaval M , Patel Advaita B , Patel Bhumi R , Patel Deepa R , Patel Nishith K 
Published: May 2021

Evaluation of the efficacy of methanolic extract of Cucumis melo in urolithiasis induced by gentamycin and calculi producing diet on Wistar rats. Gentamycin (40 mg/kg, subcutaneously) and calculi-producing diet (CPD) was fed to induce urolithiasis on Wistar rats. The effect of oral administration of methanolic extract of Cucumis melo seed on calcium oxalate urolithiasis has been studied and is compared with the effect of oral administration of Cystone as standard on Wistar rats. Gentamycin and CPD feeding resulted in hyperoxaluria and calcium oxalate deposition as well as increased renal excretion of calcium and oxalate. Supplementation with methanolic extract of Cucumis melo seed reduced the elevated urinary oxalate, showing a regulatory action on endogenous oxalate synthesis. The results indicate that the seed of Cucumis melo is endowed with antiurolithiatic activity.
Keywords: C. melo, Hyperoxaluria, calcium oxalate deposition, cystone, hyperoxaluria, analysis of variance
A Systematic Review on Various Therapeutic Options for Coronavirus Outbreak
Authors: Khan Sharib Raza , Sharma Babita , Bhattacharya Sankha 
Published: May 2021

SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2) or coronavirus disease that emerged in Wuhan, China's Hubei province. According to a Wuhan citizen, the virus spread from the Wuhan fish market to humans via a form of waterborne transmission. The WHO proclaimed the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic a global public health emergency in March of the following year. Rather than influencing the individual animals mostly, the movement of humans and a few days later, the infection spread to other parts of the world by the distribution of specimens to animals and by the movement of humans, causing considerable illness in human populations. An estimated one and a total of nearly sixty-eight million two hundred and fifty-six million people have been impacted, including one and a million thousand five hundred and sixty thousand fatalities in more than two hundred countries around the world. As of the present, there are no medicines or vaccinations against the world's first SARS-CoV-2 virus are in clinical trials molecular and cellular studies of CoVs, as well as their care, were reviewed in this latest assessment. Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, WHO, Global pandemic, Human coronaviruses, Pathogenesis, Treatments
Formulation and Evaluation of Valsartan Solid Lipid Nanoparticles
Authors: Chandana M. , Venkata Ramana M. , Rama Rao N. 
Published: May 2021

Valsartan is a potent and specific competitive angiotensin II antagonist which is used in the management of hypertension. It is well absorbed following oral administration, with rather poor bioavailability of about 25 %. Peak plasma concentration of valsartan occurs 2-4 hours after ingestion. Optimized VAL_SLNS are prepared by hot homogenization method and spray dried to improve handling processing and stability. Solid state studies such as FTIR indicated absence of any chemical interaction between valsartan and the lipid.
The mean particles size, Polydispersity index (PDI) and entrapment efficiency of optimized formulation (F-05) was found to be 136.5 nm, 0.424, 80.98% respectively. The drug release study from the nano formulation was studied in Phosphate buffer 6.8 for all the formulations F1 F2 F3 F4 and F5. The results demonstrated that V-SLN formulation (F-5) showed biphasic behaviour with an initial burst release followed by a sustained release maximum up to 72-79% till 12 hours. The release curve was found to follow Korsmeyer Peppas model (R2=0.98).
Keywords: hot homogenization, hydrogenated soya phosphatidyl choline, sustained release
A Review on Chemical Constituents, Traditional Uses, Pharmacological Studies of Zanthoxylum armatum (Rutaceae)
Authors: Verma Kapil Kumar , Kumar Bhopesh , Raj Hans , Sharma Akanksha 
Published: May 2021

Zanthoxylum armatum used as a medicine from ancient time for cure of various diseases such as toothache and problems related to tooth, asthma, used for gum bleeding, fever, dyspepsia, and tonics etc. Phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, diseases, traditional uses etc are explained in this review article .This article have information of the Z. armatum which may have Phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, diseases, traditional uses etc. Some latest info of Phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, diseases, traditional uses may show clearance in review. Different activities of various diseases known as antioxidants, antinociceptive, antifungal, antinflammtory, hepatoprotective, pesticides, anthelminitic, antiproliferative etc including chemical constituents like resins, 1-alphaphellandrene, linalool, carbonyl compound, methyl n-nonylketone. Linalyl acetate, sesquiterpene, hydrocarbon, tricosaine, dictamine, fragarine, magnoflorine, skimmianine, xanthoplanine. It is expected that more investigation on plant can be done. This review article is helpful to get various important evidence regarding the plant Zanthoxylum armatum which will works as key point for the future investigation. Keywords: Z.armatum, Phytochemistry, traditional uses, pharmacological activities.
The Screening models for antiepileptic drugs: A Review
Authors: Gaikwad Pooja Popat , Adak Vishal S. , Shete Rajkumar V. 
Published: May 2021

Considering the prevalence of epilepsy and the problems associated with currently available antiepileptic drugs like side effects, resistance, safety issue and high cost, herbal medicine with fewer complications could be very appropriate alternative. Therefore in the present study, we have examined the antiepileptic properties of ethanolic extract of leaves in mice using maximal electroshock seizers (MES)test, Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ), induced seizures, strychnine induced convulsion, Isoniazid-induced convulsions, Picrotoxin-induced convulsions, Kainic acid (KA) model etc.There is increased concern on agents for epilepsy disease modification and prevention. To solve these unmet needs, the research scientist must have a thorough knowledge of available animal models of epilepsy so that he can pick up the best model for his research. In this article, we are reviewing the diversity of animal models of epilepsy and their implications in antiepileptic drug discovery.
Keywords: Epilepsy, animal model, seizures,
NSAIDs/Nitazoxanide/Azithromycin Repurposed for COVID-19: Potential Mitigation of the Cytokine Storm Interleukin-6 Amplifier via Immunomodulatory Effects
Authors: Kelleni Mina 
Published: May 2021

Introduction
Mediators of immunity and inflammation are playing a crucial role in
COVID-19 pathogenesis and complications as demonstrated by several
genetic and clinical studies. Moreover, a weak, irregular, or inhibited
early interferon response to SARS CoV-2 infection was shown to trigger
an exaggerated inflammatory response leading to the COVID-19 associated
mortality. Thus, repurposing of drugs that possess anti-inflammatory
and/or immune-modulatory effects for COVID-19 is considered a rational
approach.
Areas covered
We present a concise analysis and interpretations of selected studies
that correlated COVID-19 with dysregulated interferon and inflammatory
responses while reflecting on our academic and real-life experience
using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, nitazoxanide and
azithromycin for management of COVID-19. Moreover, we interpret the
recent results that suggested a potential survival benefit of low dose
aspirin and colchicine when used for COVID-19.
Expert opinion
Nitazoxanide/azithromycin combination has been first hypothesized by the
author and practiced by him and several researchers to benefit COVID-19
patients due to a potential ability to augment the natural interferon
response as well as their positive immunomodulatory effects on several
cytokines. Furthermore, NSAIDs, that were unfortunately almost globally
avoided early in the COVID-19 era and still avoided in many developing
ones or at best of second choice in the developed ones, have been early
postulated and clinically practiced by the author to prevent or
ameliorate COVID-19 complications and mortality due to their ability to
prevent, constrain or reverse COVID-19 associated dysregulated immune
and hyper-inflammatory responses through mitigating the formation of
several inflammatory cytokines and pathways including the interleukin-6
amplifier and its NF-kB component, as well as modulation of a described
monocytic immunological dysrhythmia, which is also known to trigger the
COVID-19 cytokine storm. Finally, we repeat our previous call to adopt
our observational study that used these drugs in sufficiently powered
double blind randomized clinical trials as COVID-19 potential safe and
economic cure might be available and unfortunately repeatedly ignored
for one year.
Proposed Treasury Regulations Address Tax Treatment of Modifications of Debt Instruments Made to Transition Away from LIBOR
Authors: Shipman Jamison K. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
Trillions of dollars of debt instruments rely on the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) as a reference for establishing the interest rate payable on debt instruments. However, recent financial scandals and lack of a robust underlying market using LIBOR have resulted in the expectation that LIBOR will no longer be available after 2021. Thus, it will be necessary for such debt instruments to transition away from using LIBOR. Concerns have been raised regarding the potential tax implications resulting from alterations of debt instruments that transition away from LIBOR, including triggering a taxable event and application of the OID rules. This article highlights issues related to recently published proposed Treasury Regulations and provides recommendations for revisions to the proposed Treasury Regulations.
Adipose Tissue Insulin Resistance Is Longitudinally Associated With Adipose Tissue Dysfunction, Circulating Lipids, and Dysglycemia: The PROMISE Cohort
Authors: Semnani-Azad Zhila , Connelly Philip W. , Bazinet Richard P. , Retnakaran Ravi , Jenkins David J.A. , Harris Stewart B. , Zinman Bernard , Hanley Anthony J. 
Published: May 2021

OBJECTIVE
To determine the association of adipose tissue insulin resistance with longitudinal changes in biomarkers of adipose tissue function, circulating lipids, and dysglycemia.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Adults at risk for type 2 diabetes in the Prospective Metabolism and Islet Cell Evaluation (PROMISE) cohort had up to four assessments over 9 years (n = 468). Adipose tissue insulin resistance was determined using a novel validated index, Adipo-IR, calculated as the product of fasting insulin and nonesterified fatty acids measured at baseline. Fasting serum was used to measure biomarkers of adipose tissue function (adiponectin and soluble CD163 [sCD163]), circulating lipids (total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglyceride [TG]), and systemic inflammation (interleukin-6 [IL-6] and tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α]). Incident dysglycemia was defined as the onset of impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, or type 2 diabetes at follow-up. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) models were used to assess the relationship of Adipo-IR with longitudinal outcomes.

RESULTS
GEE analyses showed that elevated Adipo-IR was longitudinally associated with adipose tissue dysfunction (adiponectin −4.20% [95% CI −6.40 to −1.95]; sCD163 4.36% [1.73–7.06], HDL −3.87% [−5.15 to −2.57], TG 9.26% [5.01–13.69]). Adipo-IR was associated with increased risk of incident dysglycemia (odds ratio 1.59 [95% CI 1.09–2.31] per SD increase). Associations remained significant after adjustment for waist circumference and surrogate indices for insulin resistance. There were no significant longitudinal associations of Adipo-IR with IL-6, TNF-α, total cholesterol, or LDL.

CONCLUSIONS
Our findings demonstrate that adipose tissue insulin resistance is prospectively associated with adipose tissue function, HDL, TG, and incident dysglycemia.
Risk Factors for Incident Fracture in Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: The Framingham Heart Study
Authors: Dufour Alyssa B. , Kiel Douglas P. , Williams Setareh A. , Weiss Richard J. , Samelson Elizabeth J. 
Published: May 2021

OBJECTIVE
To identify risk factors for fracture in type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This prospective study included members of the Framingham Original and Offspring Cohorts. Type 2 diabetes was defined as fasting plasma glucose &gt;125 mg/dL or use of type 2 diabetes therapy. We used repeated-measures Cox proportional hazards regression to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for associations between potential predictors and incidence of fragility fracture.

RESULTS
Participants included 793 individuals with type 2 diabetes. Mean ± SD age was 70 ± 10 years; 45% were women. A total of 106 incident fractures occurred over 1,437 observation follow-up intervals. Fracture incidence increased with age (adjusted HRs 1.00, 1.44 [95% CI 0.65, 3.16], and 2.40 [1.14, 5.04] for &lt;60, 60–70, and &gt;70 years, respectively; Ptrend = 0.02), female sex (2.23 [1.26, 3.95]), HbA1c (1.00, 2.10 [1.17, 3.75], and 1.29 [0.69, 2.41] for 4.45–6.46% [25–47 mmol/mol], 6.50–7.49% [48–58 mmol/mol], and 7.50–13.86% [58–128 mmol/mol]; Ptrend =0.03), falls in past year (1.00, 1.87 [0.82, 4.28], and 3.29 [1.34, 8.09] for no falls, one fall, and two or more falls; Ptrend =0.03), fracture history (2.05 [1.34, 3.12]), and lower grip strength (0.82 [0.69, 0.99] per 5-kg increase). Femoral neck bone mineral density, BMI, smoking, physical function, chronic diseases, medications, and physical function were not associated with fracture incidence.

CONCLUSIONS
Prior falls, fractures, low grip strength, and elevated HbA1c are risk factors for fractures in older adults with type 2 diabetes. Evaluation of these factors may improve opportunities for early intervention and reduce fractures in this high-risk group.
Social competence of student youth
Authors: Savelchuk Iryna , Bybyk Daria , Hrebenova Valentyna , Horban Yurii , Koshelieva Oksana 
Published: May 2021

The relevance of the scientific investigation involves understanding the importance of the social competence concept in the students’ environment in terms of distance learning, which has arisen based on quarantine restrictions. The purpose of the scientific investigation is to identify the formation level of social competence of student youth in the educational environment within the conditions of pandemic in the process of distance learning. Methods of pedagogical research (remote interaction), sociological (survey in Google-forms) and statistical methods have been used to form a methodological base. It has been revealed that in the conditions of distance learning at HEI during a pandemic, social competence undergoes significant changes, considering that the results of a survey of students are significant, indicating a decrease in the level of socialization. The practical significance of the results of the scientific investigation is aimed at improving the social development of the individual, outlining the main transitions between levels of socialization in terms of quarantine restrictions and distance learning.
Desde los Sielungen hasta el S.A.A.L. La Ciudad Social como un continuum
Authors: Carvalho Ricardo 
Published: May 2021

La cuestión de la ciudad periférica contemporánea ocupa un lugar central en el debate disciplinar sobre la forma urbana. No solo porque la ciudad periférica es cuantitativamente dominante en relación con la ciudad histórica, sino también porque concentra en sí misma la confluencia de varios modelos históricos.	La vivienda fue elegida por diferentes movimientos europeos como instrumento para la reforma social. Este es el caso de la Ciudad Jardín (Garden City) o de los Siedlung, que convergerían, posteriormente, en las propuestas del Movimiento Moderno. Esta combinación, que permitió la asociación entre arquitectura y reforma social, estuvo presente en estos casos y en las operaciones del Servicio de Apoyo Ambulatorio Local, el S.A.A.L., que recuperó algunas estrategias urbanas y morfológicas defendiendo una intervención que formaba parte de un concepto amplio de ciudad. Este artículo aborda el tema de la vivienda social, en su formalización a nivel de barrio, a partir de un conjunto de ejemplos, construidos a lo largo del siglo XX, que se usan para explicar una posible visión de la Ciudad Social muy pertinente frente a una realidad contemporánea, relativa a la Vivienda colectiva, pobre en significado y frágil en términos de capacidad de respuesta.
Diabetes Mellitus Gestacional: o controle glicêmico como elemento de controle de peso fetal
Authors: Faleiros Gabriela Queiroz Araujo , Canêdo Júlia Arraes , Toledo Patrícia Maria dos Santos , Machado Paula Peixoto , Catizani Rodrigo Bertoloti , Zimmermmann Juliana Barroso 
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: Comparar o peso dos recém-nascidos de gestantes diabéticas gestacionais e metabolicamente normais. Métodos: Trata-se de uma coorte histórica, onde foram estudadas pacientes atendidas nos serviços de Baixo e Alto Risco da Faculdade de Medicina da UFJF. Dados da anamnese, exame físico e conduta médica foram coletados, bem como os dados do recém-nascido. Resultados: Foram estudadas 133 pacientes, sendo 77 pacientes com diabetes gestacional (57,9%) e 56 (42,1%) metabolicamente normais. A média de peso do recém-nascido das pacientes do grupo controle foi de 3180 ± 545 g e das pacientes diabéticas foi de 3277 ± 439 g, mas sem significância estatística (p=0,361). A comparação entre a média de peso do recém-nascido em pacientes com diabetes em uso de insulina (3287 ± 350 g) e não usuárias de insulina (3178 ± 474 g) que também não foi significativa (p=0,448). Não houve associação entre o peso materno (peso inicial, peso final, ganho de peso) e peso do recém-nascido, avaliados através da regressão linear (p=0,448). Conclusão: O peso ao nascer foi semelhante em gestantes diabéticas gestacionais e gestantes normais, o que sugere que com o pré-natal eficiente alcança-se uma glicemia materna mais próxima da normalidade, fazendo diferença no prognóstico materno e fetal.
Pericranial and scalp rotation flaps for occipitocervical hardware exposure with CSF leak in rheumatoid arthritis patient: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Schonauer Claudio , Mastantuoni Ciro , de Divitiis Oreste , D’Andrea Francesco , de Falco Raffaele , Schonauer Fabrizio 
Published: May 2021

Background:
There are several etiologies of craniocervical junction instability (CCJI); trauma, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), infections, tumors, congenital deformity, and degenerative processes. These conditions often require surgery and craniocervical fixation. In rare cases, breakdown of such CCJI fusions (i.e., due to cerebrospinal fluid [CSF] leaks, infection, and wound necrosis) may warrant the utilization of occipital periosteal rescue flaps and scalp rotation flaps to achieve adequate closure.

Case Description:
A 33-year-old female with RA, cranial settling, and high cervical cord compression underwent an occipitocervical instrumented C0–C3/C4 fusion. Two months later, revision surgery was required due to articular screws pull out, CSF leakage, and infection. At the second surgery, the patient required screws removal, the application of laminar clamps, and sealing the leak with fibrin glue. However, the CSF leak persisted, and the skin edges necrosed leaving the hardware exposed. The third surgery was performed in conjunction with a plastic surgeon. It included operative debridement and covering the instrumentation with a pericranial flap. The resulting cutaneous defect was then additionally reconstructed with a scalp rotation flap. Postoperatively, the patient adequately recovered without sequelae.

Conclusion:
A 33-year-old female undergoing an occipitocervical fusion developed a postoperative persistent CSF leak, infection, and wound necrosis. This complication warranted the assistance of plastic surgery to attain closure. This required an occipital periosteal rescue flap with an added scalp rotation flap.
Vascular entrapment neuropathy of the tibial nerve within the gastrocnemius muscle
Authors: Page Paul Samuel , Paige Stewart , Hanna Amgad 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Vascular compression is an extremely rare cause of mononeuropathy and compression of selective tibial nerve branches is an additionally a rare finding and makes diagnosis difficult.

Case Description:
Here within, we describe the case of a 41-year-old male who presented with isolated mononeuropathy of the medial gastrocnemius (MG) branch of the tibial nerve presented as persistent fasciculations and atrophy. After electromyography and clinical evaluation, surgical exploration was recommended. A vascular bundle was found to be compressing the MG branch of the tibial nerve and thus was ligated to decompress the nerve. Postoperatively, all fasciculations improved and muscle atrophied improved.

Conclusion:
Vascular compression resulting in mononeuropathy of the peripheral nerves is a rare clinical entity. Clinicians should include these etiologies on their differential when considering surgical exploration of mononeuropathies.