bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Into the unknown: The extent and boldness of firms' international footprint
Authors: Békés Gábor , Benito Gabriel R. G. , Castellani Davide , Muraközy Balázs 
Published: February 2021

AbstractResearch SummaryFirms make footprints as they internationalize. Going beyond simple measures of firms' internationalization, we conceptualize and measure the extent of a firm's international footprint as the number of location‐mode combinations it is active in, whereas the boldness of the footprint shows how widespread (across modes and locations) firms' international activities are, compared to other firms with similar extent. Extent describes the complexity of international activities, and boldness captures the risk‐taking associated with operating in less know contexts. Consistent with a microfoundations lens on global strategy, we find that boldness correlates with managerial risk‐taking attributes, while the extent of internationalization strongly correlates with capabilities conducive to managing more complex operations. These measures offer a highly suitable tool for analyzing the relationship between internationalization and performance.Managerial SummaryTraditional ways of measuring firms' international footprints do not describe well what they do globally. We develop a more nuanced and sharper view of firms' international footprints and a new way of thinking about the roles of complexity and risk‐taking in internationalization; what we call the extent and the boldness of a footprint, respectively. The new measures are potentially particularly useful for analyzing the relationship between internationalization and performance, which is at the core of what strategy research may offer to managers and business decision‐makers. The new measures are a stepping‐stone toward a better and managerially relevant understanding of global strategy decisions.
Brain gray matter structures associated with trait impulsivity: A systematic review and voxel‐based meta‐analysis
Authors: Pan Nanfang , Wang Song , Zhao Yajun , Lai Han , Qin Kun , Li Jingguang , Biswal Bharat B. , Sweeney John A. , Gong Qiyong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTrait impulsivity is a multifaceted personality characteristic that contributes to maladaptive life outcomes. Although a growing body of neuroimaging studies have investigated the structural correlates of trait impulsivity, the findings remain highly inconsistent and heterogeneous. Herein, we performed a systematic review to depict an integrated delineation of gray matter (GM) substrates of trait impulsivity and a meta‐analysis to examine concurrence across previous whole‐brain voxel‐based morphometry studies. The systematic review summarized the diverse findings in GM morphometry in the past literature, and the quantitative meta‐analysis revealed impulsivity‐related volumetric GM alterations in prefrontal, temporal, and parietal cortices. In addition, we identified the modulatory effects of age and gender in impulsivity‐GM volume associations. The present study advances understanding of brain GM morphometry features underlying trait impulsivity. The findings may have practical implications in the clinical diagnosis of and intervention for impulsivity‐related disorders.
Droplet digital PCR of tumor suppressor gene methylation in serial oral rinses of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Fung Sherwood Y. H. , Chan Kwan Chee Allen , Wong Eddy W. Y. , Ng Cherrie W. K. , Cho Ryan , Yeung Zenon W. C. , Lam Jacky W. K. , Chan Jason Y. K. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundHead and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) currently lacks sensitive approaches to detect cancer‐related traits in body fluid.MethodsMethylation of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) (PAX5, EDNRB, and DCC) were measured in the oral rinses from 50 HNSCC and 58 control subjects using droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). Diagnostic accuracies in detecting HNSCC and the detection rate of recurrence in the post‐treatment monitoring were analyzed.ResultsddPCR TSG methylation detection in oral rinses for diagnosis of HNSCC had an AUC of 0.892 for PAX5, 0.753 for EDNRB, and 0.729 for DCC. Significant drop of TSG methylation was observed after completion of surgery (p < 0.01). 76.9% of the relapse cases had a pre‐emptive rebound of methylation above presurgery levels in at least one of the tested markers before confirmed recurrence.ConclusionsUtilizing ddPCR for TSG methylation detection in oral rinses shows potential for detection and monitoring of HNSCC.
County‐Level Variation in Hepatitis C Virus Mortality and Trends in the United States, 2005‐2017
Authors: Hall Eric W. , Schillie Sarah , Vaughan Adam S. , Jones Jeb , Bradley Heather , Lopman Ben , Rosenberg Eli S. , Sullivan Patrick S. 
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Since 2013, the national hepatitis C virus (HCV) death rate has steadily declined, but this decline has not been quantified or described on a local level.

APPROACH AND RESULTS
We estimated county‐level HCV death rates and assessed trends in HCV mortality from 2005 to 2013 and from 2013 to 2017. We used mortality data from the National Vital Statistics System and used a Bayesian multivariate space–time conditional autoregressive model to estimate age‐standardized HCV death rates from 2005 through 2017 for 3,115 U.S. counties. Additionally, we estimated county‐level, age‐standardized rates for persons <40 and 40+ years of age. We used log‐linear regression models to estimate the average annual percent change in HCV mortality during periods of interest and compared county‐level trends with national trends. Nationally, the age‐adjusted HCV death rate peaked in 2013 at 5.20 HCV deaths per 100,000 persons (95% credible interval [CI], 5.12, 5.26) before decreasing to 4.34 per 100,000 persons (95% CI, 4.28, 4.41) in 2017 (average annual percent change = −4.69; 95% CI, −5.01, −4.33). County‐level rates revealed heterogeneity in HCV mortality (2017 median rate = 3.6; interdecile range, 2.19, 6.77), with the highest rates being concentrated in the West, Southwest, Appalachia, and northern Florida. Between 2013 and 2017, HCV mortality decreased in 80.0% (n = 2,274) of all U.S. counties with a reliable trend estimate, with 25.8% (n = 803) of all counties experiencing a decrease larger than the national decline.

CONCLUSIONS
Although many counties have experienced a shift in HCV mortality trends since 2013, the magnitude and composition of that shift have varied by place. These data provide a better understanding of geographic differences in HCV mortality and can be used by local jurisdictions to evaluate HCV mortality in their areas relative to surrounding areas and the nation.
Extrahippocampal contributions to spatial navigation in humans: A review of the neuroimaging evidence
Authors: Baumann Oliver , Mattingley Jason B. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSpatial navigation is a crucial everyday skill, which when impaired leads to a significant decrease in quality of life. In humans, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has provided extensive insights into the neural underpinnings of navigation skills. Whereas the hippocampus has been recognized as the prime region underpinning navigation abilities, by providing a cognitive map of the environment, imaging studies have also implicated a range of other brain regions. In this review, we provide an overview of the fMRI evidence for extrahippocampal contributions to spatial navigation. We show that the parahippocampal cortex, retrosplenial cortex, dorsal striatum, and the posterior parietal cortex provide important complementary functions, and ultimately form part of a functional network that regulates successful way‐finding behavior.
The association mechanism between social network types and health‐related behaviours among the elderly in rural Hubei Province, China
Authors: Ye Liping , Zhang Xinping 
Published: February 2021

AbstractChina's rural population ageing situation is extremely serious, and the social network has become a very important social and environmental factor to ensure the health. This study aims to explore the association mechanism between social network types and health‐related behaviours among the elderly in rural Hubei Province, China. A cross‐sectional cluster sample survey method was used to investigate elderly individuals aged 60 or older. The following three results were obtained: (1) the level of health‐related behaviours differed significantly depending on their social network types. The rural elderly embedded in restricted and family restricted networks had lower levels of health‐related behaviours than those in other networks, especially those in diverse networks; (2) Social network types were found to be significantly associated with health‐related behaviours, the perceived quality of social relationships and social support and (3) Social network types not only had a direct effect on health‐related behaviours (except for health‐seeking behaviour), but also an indirect effect through the mediating effects of the perceived quality of social relationships and social support. Policy makers should formulate relevant measures to improve unfavourable social network types of the rural elderly, thus promoting their health.
Public health competences through the lens of the COVID‐19 pandemic: what matters for health workforce preparedness for global health emergencies
Authors: Czabanowska Katarzyna , Kuhlmann Ellen 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic is raising new questions on public health competences and leadership and on health workforce preparedness for global public health emergencies. The present commentary aims to highlight demand and opportunities for innovation through the disruptions caused by the COVID‐19 crisis. We review the public health competency framework recently launched by WHO and ASPHER through the lens of COVID‐19. The framework provides guidance for aligning public health and global health competences across sectors and professional groups. Five critical competency areas can be identified in relation to public health emergencies: (1) flexibility, adaptation, motivation, communication, (2) research, analytical sensitivity, ethics, diversity, (3) epidemiology, (4) preparedness and (5) employability. However, this may not be enough. New models of public health leadership and changes in the health workforce are needed, which transform the silos of professions and policy. Such transformations would include learning, working, leading and governing differently and must stretch far beyond the public health workforce. To achieve transformative capacity, critical public health competences must be considered for all healthcare workers on all levels of policymaking, thus becoming the ‘heart’ of health workforce resilience and pandemic preparedness.
Cathepsin K maintains the compartment of bone marrow T lymphocytes in vivo
Authors: Hausinger Renate , Hackl Marianne , Jardon Alvarez Ana , Kehr Miriam , Romero Marquez Sandra , Hettler Franziska , Kehr Christian , Grziwok Sandra , Schreck Christina , Peschel Christian , Istvánffy Rouzanna , Oostendorp Robert A. J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this study, we investigated the influence of the loss of cathepsin K (Ctsk) gene on the hematopoietic system in vitro and in vivo. We found that cultures with lineage− SCA1+ KIT+ (LSK) cells on Ctsk deficient stromal cells display reduced colony formation and proliferation, with increased differentiation, giving rise to repopulating cells with reduced ability to repopulate the donor LSKs and T cell compartments in the bone marrow (BM). Subsequent in vivo experiments showed impairment of lymphocyte numbers, but, gross effects on early hematopoiesis or myelopoiesis were not found. Most consistently in in vivo experimental settings, we found a significant reduction of (donor) T cell numbers in the BM. Lymphocyte deregulation is also found in transplantation experiments, which revealed that Ctsk is required for optimal regeneration of small populations of T cells, particularly in the BM, but also of thymic B cells. Interestingly, cell nonautonomous Ctsk regulates both B and T cell numbers, but T cell numbers in the BM require an additional autonomous Ctsk‐dependent process. Thus, we show that Ctsk is required for the maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells in vitro, but in vivo, Ctsk deficiency most strongly affects lymphocyte homeostasis, particularly of T cells in the BM.
Economic globalization and public debt inSub‐SaharanAfrica
Authors: Bataka Hodabalo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractUsing data on Sub‐Saharan African countries and over the period from 1980 to 2017, this study empirically investigates the effects of economic globalization on public debt. By disentangling between thede jureand de facto aspects, the study uses second‐generation panel data tests to diagnose the cross‐sectional dependence, unit root and cointegration. The cross‐sectional error correction model with the estimation by dynamic common correlated effect technique, is used. We find that economic globalization as a whole increases the public debt in the short run while decreases it in the long run. For its dimensions, we show that financial globalization increases the public debt in the short and long run, while trade globalization increases the public debt in the short run but decreases it in the long run. Consideration of the de jureand de facto aspects of economic globalization shows that thede jureeconomic globalization does not influence government debt while its trade dimension reduces the short‐run public debt and its financial dimension increases the long‐run public debt. The de facto economic globalization and its dimensions increase public debt in the short run, while in the long run only the de facto trade globalization belittles the public debt.
Experimental study on macropore flow effects in unsaturated soil on subsurface drainage and soil desalination*
Authors: Chen Wenjuan , Li Mingsi , Nie Jinjie , Li Dongwei , Xie Zhongyi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDischarging of moisture and salt from unsaturated soil has always been a difficult problem. Therefore, a laboratory experiment in unsaturated soil, under drip irrigation, on subsurface drainage and soil desalination through subsurface drainage pipes (SDP) was conducted for using soil flume, where artificial macropore flow tubes (MFT) were deployed and connected to SDP. We conducted seven different deployment treatments of the artificial MFT, including four deployment tube densities (0, 3, 4, and 5) and two deployment arrangements (curved and straight). The results showed that no flow was observed in the SDP under the base treatment without MFT, increasing flow rates to 9.71 L, 10.7 L, and 12.3 L under the three straight line treatments and 7.81 L, 9.81 L, and 11.2 L under the three curved line treatments. Water content in both the upper and lower soil layers was almost uniform in the treatments with MFT, and an overall desalination trend was observed; the average desalination rate of curved MFT treatments was lower than that of the straight MFT treatments under the same MFT density. The findings serve as the foundation for future studies on drainage and desalination in unsaturated soil and facilitate the design of tile drainage under drip irrigation.
Capabilities and aspirations: A multi‐theory approach to information and communications technology for development in rural Panama
Authors: Pleasant Traben , Zhang Shaozeng 
Published: February 2021

AbstractLarge national development projects often overlook site‐specific theoretical approaches to information and communications technology for development (ICT4D). To address this dilemma, we created a unique multi‐theoretical lens by combining a capabilities approach with an aspirations‐based approach. We use this combination to present an abductive analysis of our ethnographic study in a Black/Afro‐Caribbean community (Basti) in Bocas del Toro, Panama. The study highlights a community/computer center (Infoplaza) that is part of an initiative to close Panama's digital divide. The study objectives were to identify major barriers to post‐secondary education and computer access in Basti, and to assess how the Infoplaza might affect those barriers and people's education and life aspirations. We conclude that while beneficial, the Infoplaza's impact on education, computer access, and influence on education and life aspirations is minimal. This article emphasizes aspirations requiring digital literacy, and it suggests that the Infoplaza (and local schools) prioritize literacy, typing and internet knowledge as a development strategy to increase digital literacy and people's opportunities. Analyzing this study using our combined approach uncovers nuanced inequality in Basti and reveals limited capabilities for people to actualize what they value doing or being. This unique study and analysis is valuable to the Infoplaza initiative and to similar ICT4D research.
Smartphone banking usage in Nigeria: Gamification, technology acceptance and cultural factors empirical perspectives
Authors: Salimon Maruf Gbadebo , Aliyu Olayemi Abdullateef , Yusr Maha Mohammed , Perumal Selvan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSeveral studies have been conducted within the domain of technology adoption, yet, less attention has been paid to how gamification can be employed to elicit fun that can accelerate the rate of smartphone banking usage. Equally, the cultural peculiarities of smartphone banking users have been largely ignored by the majority of the previous studies. This study, therefore, identified the potential influence of the utilization of gamification, hedonic motivation, and cultural factors in the usage of smartphone banking. This is achieved through the conceptualization of a framework that empirically tested the influence of six exogenous variables on smartphone usage using data from 388 respondents from Nigeria, and having employed Partial Least Square (PLS) Structural Equation Modeling as a technique of analysis. The findings of the study reveal that gamification, hedonic motivation, and cultural factors along with the Technology Acceptance Model core variables are strong determinants of Smartphone Banking usage. Practitioners can draw significant insights on how to effectively design smartphone banking using gamification and hedonic techniques, especially that the trend is moving largely towards these directions in the financial industry and through which value can be created for users.
When Shaming Backfires: The Doublespeak of Digitally‐Manipulated Misogynistic Photographs
Authors: Venger Olesya 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study examines the case of an iconic digitally-manipulated news photograph, a controversial product of political propaganda featuring Majid Tavakoli, a student leader of the Iranian opposition in 2009, human rights activist, and political prisoner. The photograph depicts Mr. Tavakoli wearing a chador, traditional women's clothing in Iran, and appears to be digitally manipulated with the help of image-editing software. Published during the “Green Movement” protests of 2009, it triggered controversy and the production of a series of political memes mocking the Iranian authorities. This study analyzes how misogynistic shaming tactics utilized to discredit Mr. Tavakoli failed, transforming his digitally-manipulated image into the symbol of resistance. Accounting for the role of social media in raising awareness about the public's discontent regarding gender inequality, human rights violations, and media censorship in Iran, the study extends the typology of standard photojournalistic icons (Perlmutter, 1998) by adding the dimension of credibility to categorize ambiguous digitally-manipulated photojournalistic content in contentious times.
Anti‐inflammatory effects of rhaponticin on LPS‐induced human endothelial cells through inhibition of MAPK/NF‐κβ signaling pathways
Authors: Li Rougang , Chinnathambi Arunachalam , Alharbi Sulaiman Ali , Shair Omar H. M. , Veeraraghavan Vishnu Priya , Surapaneni Krishna Mohan , Rengarajan Thamaraiselvan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe untreated systemic chronic inflammation leads to autoimmune diseases, hyperglycemia, cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, osteoporosis, and so on. Phytochemicals effectively inhibit the inflammation, and numerous studies have proved that the phytocomponents possess anti‐inflammatory property via inhibiting the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase signaling pathways. Rhaponticin is one such phytochemical obtained from the perennial plantRheum rhaponticumL. belonging to Polygonaceae family. We assessed the anti‐inflammatory potency of rhaponticin in endothelial cells induced with lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Four different endothelial cells induced with LPS were treated with rhaponticin and assessed for the nitric oxide generation. The cytotoxic potency of rhaponticin was evaluated in endothelial cells using the 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthizaol‐2yl)−2,5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay. The tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) synthesis was quantified using the commercially available assay kit. The inflammatory signaling protein gene expression of TNF‐α, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX2), and interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) was analyzed with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. The gene expression of NADPH oxidase (NOX) cytoplasmic catalytic subunits gp91phox, p47phox, and p22phoxwas assessed with real‐time PCR analysis. Finally, to confirm the anti‐inflammatory potency of rhaponticin, the nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) and mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling protein expression was analyzed with immunoblotting analysis. Rhaponticin treatment significantly decreased the levels of nitric oxide and TNF‐α synthesis in LPS‐induced endothelial cells. It significantly decreased the gene expression of inflammatory proteins and NOX signaling protein. The protein expression of NFκB and MAPK signaling proteins was drastically decreased in rhaponticin‐treated endothelial cells induced with LPS. Overall, our results confirm that rhaponticin effectively inhibited the inflammation triggered by LPS in endothelial cells via downregulating iNOS, COX2, and NFκB and MAPK signaling pathways.
Establishing low‐density lipoprotein apheresis tolerability in patients with prior anaphylactoid reactions to lipoprotein apheresis using magnesium sulfate
Authors: Alexander Ethan , Moriarty Patrick M. , Wilk Barry , Eliaz Isaac 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundLipoprotein apheresis (LA) tolerability is a key factor for the utilization of this therapy. Common reactions to LA are hypotension and nausea. Serious reactions include severe hypotension and anaphylactoid reactions (0.13%‐1.3% and 0.2%‐0.4%, respectively). The bradykinin response drives these reactions and can worsen with the use of angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors. Efforts to mitigate these reactions are necessary for the tolerability of LA with a dextran sulfate‐adsorption (DSA) system.Materials and MethodsIn an effort to increase apheresis tolerability, seven patients at The University of Kansas, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, who had prior anaphylactoid reactions (defined as general cutaneous flushing, nausea/vomiting, tongue swelling, lightheadedness, and hypotension) to the DSA despite pharmacologic intervention, were treated with pre‐LA intravenous magnesium adapted from a protocol developed by co‐author Eliaz. This protocol consists of 1.5 g of magnesium sulfate administered over 45 minutes. All seven patients were treated with intravenous magnesium sulfate immediately before LA.ResultsNo episodes of anaphylactoid reactions during LA have been reported to date.ConclusionsMagnesium infusion before DSA can be utilized to establish tolerability in patients with prior anaphylactoid reactions to LA. Proposed mechanisms include temporary stabilization of the negative‐positive interactions of the dextran sulfate filter leading to a reduction of circulating bradykinin, reduction of nitric oxide, and reduction of the sympathetic response to LA.