bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
To investigate interfacial interaction between soy protein isolate biocomposite thin films reinforced with poly (vinyl alcohol) matrix
Authors: Gautam Sanjeev , Sharma Bhasha , Jain Purnima 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe development of synthetic polymers makes profit for industry but creates some serious environmental problems. Due to environmental concerns, various biodegradable polymers are used by industries for different applications. These polymers are used as a replacement of synthetic polymers. They are obtained from nature and used as an overflow material for solid waste system. Nowadays, SPI is mostly used as a biodegradable polymer in plastic indutsries due to low cost and easy availability. It is obtained from plants and primarily utilized by food industry for packaging applications. Recently , it is frequently utilized as a prime material for preparation of various products such as containers, trays, fibers, and packaging material. The present work represents the preparation of SPI/PVA biocomposite thin films via solution casting method. These films were investigated for their thermal, mechanical, and morphological properties. The structural properties were performed by XRD and FTIR. The tensile strength and the thermal stability of the prepared biocomposites were reduced due to inclusion of SPI in PVA film. The surface morphology revealed the information of uniform dispersion and roughness of SPI molecules onto the surface of PVA matrix. The aim of this paper is to prepare SPI/PVA biocomposite for packaging applications.
A scoping method for human performance integrity and reliability assessment in process industries
Authors: Kyriakidis Miltos , Dang Vinh N. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAn approach to manage human performance related risks in petrochemical sector is to use human reliability analyses (HRA) techniques. However, the focus of HRAs on individuals and on decomposed tasks overlooks the likelihood that collective actions and behaviors might lead to system failures. This study introduces an alternative approach, referred to as Human Performance Integrity (HPI) index, to assess human performance conditions on the whole, as they relate to safety, in petrochemical facilities. Additionally, the approach is used to rate installations in terms of their defenses against safety‐relevant human failures. The HPI index is built upon the notions of Cognitive Reliability and Error Analysis Method. By means of a 42‐question survey, data was collected on the factors that improve or reduce human performance in 11 oil refineries. Data was used to assess the facilities' safety performance. Results were compared against information obtained from relevant investigation reports, as well as and an independent evaluation of the facilities carried out by certified auditors. Findings support the use of HPI index from novice and experienced scholars and/or practitioners as a quick and effortless, yet sound and efficient manner to assess safety and reliability performance of oil refineries from a human factors perspective.
Use of saline to evaluate a cavity due to Mycobacterium kansasii infection during ultrathin bronchoscopy and endobronchial ultrasonography
Authors: Hamaguchi Megumi , Kurimoto Noriaki , Tsubata Yukari , Okuno Takae , Tanino Akari , Hotta Takamasa , Isobe Takeshi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA 28‐year‐old man had a cavitary lesion in the upper right lobe with a tree‐in‐bud appearance on chest computed tomography (CT). Diagnostic bronchoscopy was performed. An ultrathin bronchoscope in the right B2aiiβxyy reached the cavity. We filled the cavity with saline under direct bronchoscopic visualization. We suspected a blood vessel was present in the cavity wall based on narrow‐band imaging. Bronchial lavage of the cavity was performed. Next, endobronchial ultrasonography (EBUS) using a guide sheath was performed with a thin bronchoscope. EBUS showed a pulsating blood vessel in the cavity wall. Bronchial lavage collected with ultrathin and thin bronchoscopy revealed Mycobacterium kansasii. Observation of vessels in the wall of a cavitary lesion with ultrathin bronchoscopy and EBUS may be useful for avoiding severe bleeding associated with biopsy of a cavitary lesion.
memory fault detection filtering design for uncertain systems with finite frequency specifications
Authors: Zhao Rong , Liu Lu , Feng Gang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article is concerned with the memory fault detection filtering design in finite frequency domain for discrete‐time systems with polytopic uncertainties. Under the assumption that both disturbances and faults are restricted to finite frequency ranges, that is, the low, middle, or high frequency range, an admissible memory fault detection filter is developed by using historical information of the system. It is shown that the asymptotic stability with prescribed performance of the closed‐loop filtering error system is guaranteed. It is also shown that by using historical system outputs along with parameter‐dependent Lyapunov functions, the better performance of the resulting fault detection filter is obtained. With the aid of Projection lemma, sufficient conditions for the fault detection filtering design are established by solving an optimization problem in the form of a set of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Finally, three examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed approach.
The deflection of reinforced concrete beams containing recycled steel fibers
Authors: Fantilli Alessandro P. , Orfeo Benedetta , Pérez Caldentey Alejandro 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA 3‐stage model is used to evaluate the results of an experimental campaign, previously carried out with the aim of studying the deflection of reinforced concrete structures made with reinforced concrete (RC) and fiber‐reinforced concrete (R/FRC). In particular, 12 four‐point bending tests were performed on beams, whose cross‐sections were obtained by combining four effective ratios of the tensile reinforcement (i.e., 0.73%, 1.7%, 3%, and 6.3%), two concrete covers (i.e., 32 mm and 82 mm), and three amounts of steel fibers (0, 0.5%, and 1.0% in volume) recycled from end‐of‐life tyres. In reinforced beams with low reinforcement ratios, there is a reduction in deflections and the load at yielding of steel increases with the content of fibers. On the contrary, the mechanical behavior of R/FRC and RC beams does not substantially differ in presence of a high effective reinforcement ratio. These experimental observations are in accordance with the results of the three‐stage model, introduced herein to predict the possible variation of the load‐deflection curves. For a given deflection, the model provides a possible range of applied loads, whose upper bound is related to the situation of incipient cracking (i.e., the maximum tension stiffening effects), whereas the lower bound concerns a fully cracked beam (i.e., the minimum tension stiffening effects). Regardless of the content of fibers, the difference between the upper and lower bounds vanishes in highly reinforced concrete beams.
Studies on secondary progressive collapse‐resistance mechanisms of reinforced concrete subassemblages
Authors: Huang Min , Huang Hua , Hao Runqi , Chen Zhen , Li Ming , Deng Wanchao 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe developments of compressive arch action (CAA) and tensile catenary action (TCA) in beams can provide secondary loads for resisting progressive collapse. However, to date, the contributions of CAA and TCA in regards to progressive collapse have not been considered in design codes, owing to inadequate studies. In this study, a division of resistant mechanisms was initially proposed. Then, based on an experimental model of beam‐column subassemblages, a finite‐element model was established using ABAQUS software, and was validated against experimental results. Subsequently, the calibrated finite element model was employed to study the effects of different constraints (such as ideal fixed constraints, sliding constraints, the beam‐column stiffness ratio, and axial compression ratio) on the secondary progressive collapse‐resistance mechanisms of reinforced concrete (RC) subassemblages. The results show that when the constraints are weaker than the fixed supports, the CAA capacity is larger than that of the TCA. The axial compression ratio in the column slightly increases the first peak load, but the beam‐column subassemblages fail earlier, owing to the large eccentric bending moment. The CAA capacity and TCA capacity increase with a decreasing beam‐stiffness ratio, and the CAA capacity increases faster than the TCA capacity. In addition, a theoretical model is proposed for assessing the resistance provided by a CAA.
Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenolysis of Glycerol over Heterogeneous Catalysts: A Short Review on Mechanistic Studies
Authors: Liu Xi , Yin Bin , Zhang Wenxiang , Yu Xiao , Du Yiyao , Zhao Siming , Zhang Guangyu , Liu Mengyuan , Yan Hao , Abbotsi‐Dogbey Manuela , Al‐Absi Saleem T. , Yeredil Sayan , Yang Chaohe , Shen Jian , Yan Wenjuan , Jin Xin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCatalytic transfer hydrogenolysis, using liquid H‐donors in the absence of pressurized H2 under mild temperatures, is regarded as the most important technology to substitute traditional hydrogenation processes in industry. Despite decade development with several breakthroughs in catalyst design, the reaction mechanism involved in H2 generation and subsequent hydrogenolysis reactions is still under debate. In this review, transfer hydrogenolysis of glycerol, as a representative example, on metallic catalysts is revised critically with respect to surface reaction mechanism and catalyst design. The detailed reaction pathways for propanol, methanol, formic acid and ethanol for H2 generation have been discussed systematically. In particular, reaction mechanism for catalytic C−H cleavage, H spillover/transfer and C−O cleavage reaction steps will be critically revised with experimental and theoretical results in literature. Insights into reaction pathways, mechanism and H2 transfer efficiency and structure‐performance relation for Pd, Cu and Ni catalysts will be provided for future development of catalyst manufacture and process development. The outcome of this work is useful for successful implementation of bio‐refinery.
Heterogeneous multiphase flow properties of volcanic rocks and implications for noble gas transport from underground nuclear explosions
Authors: Heath Jason E. , Kuhlman Kristopher L. , Broome Scott T. , Wilson Jennifer E. , Malama Bwalya 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOf interest to the Underground Nuclear Explosion Signatures Experiment are patterns and timing of explosion‐generated noble gases that reach the land surface. The impact of potentially simultaneous flow of water and gas on noble gas transport in heterogeneous fractured rock is a current scientific knowledge gap. This article presents field and laboratory data to constrain and justify a triple continua conceptual model with multimodal multiphase fluid flow constitutive equations that represents host rock matrix, natural fractures, and induced fractures from past underground nuclear explosions (UNEs) at Aqueduct and Pahute Mesas, Nevada National Security Site, Nevada, USA. Capillary pressure from mercury intrusion and direct air–water measurements on volcanic tuff core samples exhibit extreme spatial heterogeneity (i.e., variation over multiple orders of magnitude). Petrographic observations indicate that heterogeneity derives from multimodal pore structures in ash‐flow tuff components and post‐depositional alteration processes. Comparisons of pre‐ and post‐UNE samples reveal different pore size distributions that are due in part to microfractures. Capillary pressure relationships require a multimodal van Genuchten (VG) constitutive model to best fit the data. Relative permeability estimations based on unimodal VG fits to capillary pressure can be different from those based on bimodal VG fits, implying the choice of unimodal vs. bimodal fits may greatly affect flow and transport predictions of noble gas signatures. The range in measured capillary pressure and predicted relative permeability curves for a given lithology and between lithologies highlights the need for future modeling to consider spatially distributed properties.
Lowering post‐construction yield assessment uncertainty through better wind plant power curves
Authors: Bodini Nicola , Optis Mike , Perr‐Sauer Jordan , Simley Eric , Fields M. Jason 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMany operational analyses of wind power plants require a statistical relationship, which can be called the wind plant power curve, to be developed between wind plant energy production and concurrent atmospheric variables. Currently, a univariate linear regression at monthly resolution is the industry standard for post‐construction yield assessments. Here, we evaluate the benefits in augmenting this conventional approach by testing alternative regressions performed with multiple inputs, at a finer time resolution, and using nonlinear machine‐learning algorithms. We utilize the National Renewable Energy Laboratory's open‐source software package OpenOA to assess wind plant power curves for 10 wind plants. When a univariate generalized additive model at daily or hourly resolution is used, regression uncertainty is reduced, in absolute terms, by up to 1.0% and 1.2% (corresponding to a −59% and −80% relative change), respectively, compared to a univariate linear regression at monthly resolution; also, a more accurate assessment of the mean long‐term wind plant production is achieved. Additional input variables also reduce the regression uncertainty: when temperature is added as an input to the conventional monthly linear regression, the operational analysis uncertainty connected to regression is reduced, in absolute terms, by up to 0.5% (−43% relative change) for wind power plants with strong seasonal variability. Adding input variables to the machine‐learning model at daily resolution can further reduce regression uncertainty, with up to a −10% relative change. Based on these results, we conclude that a multivariate nonlinear regression at daily or hourly resolution should be recommended for assessing wind plant power curves.
How are healthcare provider systems preparing for health emergency situations?
Authors: DeVita Timothy , Brett‐Major David , Katz Rebecca 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNatural disasters, disease outbreaks, famine, and human conflict have strained communities everywhere over the course of human existence. However, modern changes in climate, human mobility, and other factors have increased the global community's vulnerability to widespread emergencies. We are in the midst of a disruptive health event, with the COVID‐19 pandemic testing our health provider systems globally. This study presents a qualitative analysis of published literature, obtained systematically, to examine approaches health providers are taking to prepare for and respond to mass casualty incidents around the globe. The research reveals emerging trends in the weaknesses of systems' disaster responses while highlighting proposed solutions, so that others may better prepare for future disasters. Additionally, the research examines gaps in the literature, to foster more targeted and actionable contributions to the literature.
Brain Arteriovenous Malformations Classifications: A Surgical Point of View
Authors: Sicuri Giovanni Marco , Galante Nicola , Stefini Roberto 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBrain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) classification has been the subject of extensive discussion. The aim of our work was to review the main classification schemes proposed in the literature, which can be summarized in four main groups: (a) traditional schemes oriented to evaluate the operability of AVMs have been joined by (b) specific classifications that evaluate the outcome and the predictability of obliteration of other treatment modalities and (c) others that evaluate the outcome of intracerebral hemorrhages in ruptured AVMs. Eventually, (d) topographical classifications that categorize the subtypes of AVMs located in specific anatomical regions have been drawn. For each classification, we discuss the implications on surgical management.
Free energy and defect C-theorem in free scalar theory
Authors: Nishioka Tatsuma , Sato Yoshiki 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We describe conformal defects of p dimensions in a free scalar theory on a d-dimensional flat space as boundary conditions on the conformally flat space ℍp+1× 𝕊d−p−1. We classify two types of boundary conditions, Dirichlet type and Neumann type, on the boundary of the subspace ℍp+1 which correspond to the types of conformal defects in the free scalar theory. We find Dirichlet boundary conditions always exist while Neumann boundary conditions are allowed only for defects of lower codimensions. Our results match with a recent classification of the non-monodromy defects, showing Neumann boundary conditions are associated with non-trivial defects. We check this observation by calculating the difference of the free energies on ℍp+1× 𝕊d−p−1 between Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions. We also examine the defect RG flows from Neumann to Dirichlet boundary conditions and provide more support for a conjectured C-theorem in defect CFTs.
(CO2)n+, (H2O)n+, and (H2O)n+ (CO2) gas cluster ion beam secondary ion mass spectrometry: analysis of lipid extracts, cells, and Alzheimer’s model mouse brain tissue
Authors: Dimovska Nilsson Kelly , Karagianni Anthi , Kaya Ibrahim , Henricsson Marcus , Fletcher John S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis work assesses the potential of new water cluster-based ion beams for improving the capabilities of secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) for in situ lipidomics. The effect of water clusters was compared to carbon dioxide clusters, along with the effect of using pure water clusters compared to mixed water and carbon dioxide clusters. A signal increase was found when using pure water clusters. However, when analyzing cells, a more substantial signal increase was found in positive ion mode when the water clusters also contained carbon dioxide, suggesting that additional reactions are in play. The effects of using a water primary ion beam on a more complex sample were investigated by analyzing brain tissue from an Alzheimer’s disease transgenic mouse model. The results indicate that the ToF-SIMS results are approaching those from MALDI as ToF-SIMS was able to image lyso-phosphocholine (LPC) lipids, a lipid class that for a long time has eluded detection during SIMS analyses. Gangliosides, sulfatides, and cholesterol were also imaged.
Graphical abstract
Rapid in vitro differentiation of bacteria by ion mobility spectrometry
Authors: Steppert Isabel , Schönfelder Jessy , Schultz Carolyn , Kuhlmeier Dirk 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRapid screening of infected people plays a crucial role in interrupting infection chains. However, the current methods for identification of bacteria are very tedious and labor intense. Fast on-site screening for pathogens based on volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) could help to differentiate between healthy and potentially infected subjects. As a first step towards this, the feasibility of differentiating between seven different bacteria including resistant strains was assessed using IMS coupled to multicapillary columns (MCC-IMS). The headspace above bacterial cultures was directly drawn and analyzed by MCC-IMS after 90 min of incubation. A cluster analysis software and statistical methods were applied to select discriminative VOC clusters. As a result, 63 VOC clusters were identified, enabling the differentiation between all investigated bacterial strains using canonical discriminant analysis. These 63 clusters were reduced to 7 discriminative VOC clusters by constructing a hierarchical classification tree. Using this tree, all bacteria including resistant strains could be classified with an AUC of 1.0 by receiver-operating characteristic analysis. In conclusion, MCC-IMS is able to differentiate the tested bacterial species, even the non-resistant and their corresponding resistant strains, based on VOC patterns after 90 min of cultivation. Although this result is very promising, in vivo studies need to be performed to investigate if this technology is able to also classify clinical samples. With a short analysis time of 5 min, MCC-IMS is quite attractive for a rapid screening for possible infections in various locations from hospitals to airports.Key Points• Differentiation of bacteria by MCC-IMS is shown after 90-min cultivation.• Non-resistant and resistant strains can be distinguished.• Classification of bacteria is possible based on metabolic features.
Prostate minimally invasive procedures: complications and normal vs. abnormal findings on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI)
Authors: Bui Thanh-Lan , Glavis-Bloom Justin , Chahine Chantal , Mehta Raj , Wolfe Taylor , Bhatter Param , Rupasinghe Mark , Carbone Joseph , Haider Masoom A. , Giganti Francesco , Giona Simone , Oto Aytekin , Lee Grace , Houshyar Roozbeh 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMinimally invasive alternatives to traditional prostate surgery are increasingly utilized to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia and localized prostate cancer in select patients. Advantages of these treatments over prostatectomy include lower risk of complication, shorter length of hospital stay, and a more favorable safety profile. Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) has become a widely accepted imaging modality for evaluation of the prostate gland and provides both anatomical and functional information. As prostate mpMRI and minimally invasive prostate procedure volumes increase, it is important for radiologists to be familiar with normal post-procedure imaging findings and potential complications. This paper reviews the indications, procedural concepts, common post-procedure imaging findings, and potential complications of prostatic artery embolization, prostatic urethral lift, irreversible electroporation, photodynamic therapy, high-intensity focused ultrasound, focal cryotherapy, and focal laser ablation.
Effects of uncomplicated Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty on the central retinal thickness
Authors: Lohmann Tibor , Baumgarten Sabine , Plange Niklas , Walter Peter , Fuest Matthias 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To determine retinal thickness (RT) changes and the incidence of macular edema after uncomplicated Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK-ME) in patients without ME risk factors.

Methods
In this retrospective study, 107 pseudophakic eyes of 74 patients with Fuchs endothelial dystrophy (FED) (79.4%) or bullous keratopathy (BK) (20.6%) underwent DMEK surgery between 2016 and 2019 at the Department of Ophthalmology, RWTH Aachen University. Patients with intra- or postoperative complications as well as pre-existing risk factors for ME were excluded. Macular spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) measurements were performed before, 1 week, 1 month, and 6 months after surgery. Retinal thickness (RT) was analyzed in the central foveal 1 mm (CSF), parafoveal 3 mm and 6 mm subfield.

Results
Eight eyes (7.5%) developed DMEK-ME 1 month after surgery. Six DMEK-ME eyes (75%) were rebubbled, compared with 31.3% (31 of 99; P = 0.02) of the non DMEK-ME eyes. DMEK-ME eyes had a significantly thicker CSF 1 month after surgery (432.0 ± 97.6 μm) compared with non-DMEK-ME eyes (283.7 ± 22.2 μm; P = 0.01). The other subfields and time points showed no significant RT changes. DMEK-ME significantly impaired BSCVA (0.38 ± 0.92 logMAR) only 1 month after surgery in comparison to the non DMEK-ME eyes (0.23 ± 0.87 logMAR, P = 0.015).

Conclusion
Excluding systemic and surgery-related risk factors, rebubbling increases the risk of DMEK-ME. Performing a CSF scan 1 month after surgery, particularly in rebubbled eyes, efficiently detects DMEK-ME and allows the prompt initiation of treatment, e.g., topical corticosteroid and non-steroidal (NSAID) eye drops.