bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Presence and concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments and organisms from Tampamachoco coastal lagoon and Tuxpan River, Veracruz; México.
Authors: Botello Alfonso V. , Ponce-Vélez Guadalupe , F. Susana Villanueva 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have carcinogenic and mutagenic properties and their main origin in the environment is the burning of fossil fuels and organic material and they are considered high priority Persistent Organic Compounds (POPs). In the present study (March and August 2018) the concentrations of the 16 priority PAHs were analyzed in sediments and organisms (fish and oysters) in the estuarine-lagoon system Tuxpan-Tampamachoco, Veracruz; Mexico.The analysis of these compounds was carried out by means of gas chromatography-FID and mass spectrometry. In March (dry season) the average concentration of PAHs in sediments was 0.86 ± 0.39 μg/g and in August (rainy season) it was 1.14 ± 0.45 μg/g. During both collections, chrysene presented the highest total concentrations and a domain of the compounds with 4 benzene rings was observed, therefore, pyrolytic sources of contribution predominated. The highest concentrations of PAHs occurred in 2 stations located in the Tuxpan riverbed and both exceeded the threshold concentration to cause adverse effects to the benthic community.The analysis of PAHs in organism tissues was carried out in 4 species of fish and one mollusk. In march, the species with the highest concentration was Bagre marinus with 88.87 μg/g and in august it corresponded to the Caranx hippos species with 26.82 μg/g and the compound determined with the highest presence was benzo(b)fluoranthene.Finally, the tendency of accumulation of PAHs in the evaluated matrices was: fish> sediments> mollusks.
Fine mapping of candidate regions associated with fat deposition in thin and fat tail sheep breeds suggests new insights into molecular aspects of fat tail selection
Authors: Moradi Mohammad Hossein , Nejati-Javaremi Ardeshir , Moradi-Shahrbabak Mohammad , Dodds Ken G. , Brauning Rudiger , McEwan John C. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background

Fatness related traits are economically very important in sheep production and are associated with serious diseases in humans. The fat tail is a phenotype that divides domesticated sheep into two major groups. The objective of the present study is to refine the map location of candidate regions associated with fat deposition, obtained via two separate whole genome scans contrasting thin and fat tail breeds, and to determine the nature of the selection occurring in these regions using hitchhiking approach.
Results

Zel (thin tail) and Lori-Bakhtiari (fat tail) breed samples that had previously been run on the Illumina Ovine 50k BeadChip, were genotyped with a denser set of SNPs in the three candidate regions using a Sequenom Mass ARRAY platform. Statistical tests were then performed using different and complementary methods based on either site frequency (FST and Median homozygosity) or haplotype (iHS and XP-EHH). Results from candidate regions on chromosome 5 and X revealed clear evidence of selection with the derived haplotypes that were consistent with selection to near fixation for the haplotypes affecting fat tail size in the fat tail breed. Analysis of the candidate region on chromosome 7 indicated that selection differentiated the beneficial alleles between breeds and homozygosity has increased in the thin tail breed which also had the ancestral haplotype. These results enabled us to confirm the signature of selection in these regions and refine the critical intervals from 113kb, 201kb and 2,831kb to 28kb, 142kb and 1,006kb on chromosome 5, 7 and X respectively. These regions contain several genes associated with fat metabolism or developmental processes consisting TCF7 and PPP2CA (OAR5), PTGDR and NID2 (OAR7), AR, EBP, CACNA1F, HSD15B, SLC35A2, BMP15, WDR13 and RBM3 (OAR X), each of which could potentially be the actual target of selection. Study of core haplotypes alleles in our regions of interest also supported the hypothesis that the first domesticated sheep were thin tailed and fat tail animals were developed later.
Conclusions

Our results provide a comprehensive assessment of how and where selection has affected the patterns of variation in candidate regions associated with fat deposition in thin and fat tail sheep breeds. The hitchhiking mapping approach in this study was novel in the sense that most of the exploratory genome scan studies in domestic animals have not clarified the signal from the candidate regions, probably due to the lack of suitable genomic resources.
Formation of core-shell droplets for the encapsulation of liquid contents
Authors: Galogahi Fariba Malekpour , Zhu Yong , An Hongjie , Nguyen Nam-Trung 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Accurate control of monodisperse core-shell droplets generated in a microfluidic device has a broad range of applications in research and industry. This paper reports the experimental investigation of flow-focusing microfluidic devices capable of producing size-tuneable and monodisperse core-shell droplets. The dimension of the core-shell droplets was controlled passively by the channel geometry and the flow rate of the liquid phases. The results indicate that microchannel geometry is more significant than flow rates. The highly controllable core-shell droplets could be subsequently employed as a template for generating core-shell micropaticles with liquid core. Optical, electron microscopy and X-ray computed microtomography showed that the geometry of the core-shell droplets remains unchanged after solidification, drying and collection. The present study also looks at the thermal stability of core-shell particles depending on the particle size. The larger core-shell partcles with a thicker shell provide a higher resistance to heating at elevated temperature. The high degree of control with a flow-focusing microfluidic device makes this a promising approach for the encapsulation, storage, and delivery of lipophilic contents.
An improved 4D trajectory modeling approach for traffic management
Authors: Shen Zhou , Yu Xiaomo 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Under the premise that the capability of existing air transportation system can no longer meet the demand of air traffic flow, 4D trajectory operation based on accuracy is the basis of future air traffic management (ATM) system to achieve the optimization of flight trajectory. This article investigates the establishment of a data model system based on aircraft performance and operation procedures, which can be applied to 4D trajectory prediction to greatly reduce or avoid the possibility of flight conflicts in the air, enhance air traffic safety and improve air traffic flow.
Diversity, friction, and harmonisation: An ethnographic study of interprofessional teamwork dynamics
Authors: Skyberg Henriette Lund 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Although diversity, friction, and harmonisation in interprofessional teamwork are aspects frequently conceptualised, no empirical studies discuss them in combination. Focusing on risk and function with respect to each aspect, this paper examines how dynamics between these aspects during interprofessional teamwork interactions can foster (ideal) conditions for productive teamwork.Methods: An ethnographic study of three interprofessional teams in a mental health and substance use context in Norway, was conducted. Data were collected through observations of 14 team meetings and 18 in-depth interviews with health and social work professionals. Thematic analysis was applied to code the data.Results: A conceptual ideal-type model, which includes all three aspects, was developed to represent the emergent findings. The results suggest that the diversity of professional perspectives inherent in interprofessional teams is the foundation of interprofessional teamwork. However, friction is needed to promote innovation, encourage new insights, and intensify discussions. Harmonisation balances professional distinctions, fosters trust, and ties professionals together.Conclusion: This paper presents a comprehensive model of how professionals work together in interprofessional teams that makes visible the functions and risks of each aspect and the dynamics between them. Furthermore, it argues for mobilising all three aspects in combination during interprofessional teamwork to maximise productivity. Such insight can be used to support the development and successful implementation of interprofessional teamwork in health care.
Quantitative assessment of hydrological alteration over multiple periods caused by human activities at the Jingjiang Three Outlets, China
Authors: Wang Hongxiang , Zhu Yongwei , Jin Yaoguang , Guo Wenxian 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The Jingjang Three Outlets (JTO) play a major role in the water-sediment transport from the Yangtze River to Dongting Lake. The hydrological regimes at the JTO (Songzi, Taiping, and Ouchi) had been changed due to the Jingjiang Cutoffs (JC), the Gezhou Dam (GD), and the Three Gorges Dam (TGD). Based on hydrological data from 1955 to 2019, the variation trend in annual streamflow was detected using three techniques, and the hydrological alteration was assessed with the Range of Variability Approach. Conclusions are as follows: (1) the inflection points consistent with human activities and the time series were divided into periods of P1 (1955–1971), P2 (1972–1985), P3 (1986–2002), and P4 (2003–2019); (2) human activities made a greater contribution to streamflow change than climate change; (3) the hydrological alteration degree caused by the JC, GD, and TGD projects were 56%, 47%, and 52% at the Songzi outlet; 57%, 41%, and 57% at the Taiping outlet; and 57%, 41%, and 57% at the Ouchi outlet; and (4) the ability of division from the Yangtze River to Dongting Lake is weakening and the hydrological regimes at the JTO are deteriorating due to the JC, GD, and TGD, resulting in negative impacts on the biotic composition, structure, and function of riparian ecosystems. This study provides useful insight for ecosystem protection under hydrological alteration.
Challenges facing the management of wastewater treatment systems in Chinese rural areas
Authors: Liang X. , Yue X. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The water environment in Chinese rural areas has seriously deteriorated to the extent that the development of rural areas is now under threat. To deal with this issue, the Chinese government has been promoting wastewater treatment systems (WTS) in rural areas since 2005. However, some of these wastewater treatment plants have shut down after just a few years. Thus, even though the number of newly built plants in rural areas has been rapidly increasing, the failure of these plants can impede the development of an efficient wastewater treatment in Chinese rural areas. This paper investigates the challenges faced by the management of the constructed wastewater treatment plants in Chinese rural areas using the case study method. Two cases, of Zhejiang and Hainan provinces, were analysed separately; the operation was successful in the former province and a failure in the latter one. The study demonstrates that the WTS in rural areas are faced with diverse implementation challenges, ranging from unsustainable financial sources for operation and maintenance cost to inappropriate governance structure, potential risks due to the local leadership rotation system of the government, limited participation by farmers in the management and technical complexity.
The Impact of the Use of C-Arm Cone-Beam CT During Chemoembolization for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Abdelsalam Mohamed E. , Figueira Tomas M.A. , Ensor Joe , Tam Alda L. , Avritscher Rony , Kaseb Ahmed , Gupta Sanjay 
Published: August 2021

Objective:
The objective of the study was to investigate the consequences of using CArm
Cone-Beam computed Tomography (CBCT) on super-selective catheterization of Hepatic
Artery (HA) branches during chemoembolization of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Methods:
Two groups of patients were created according to the dates of their treatment sessions.
Group A and Group B included patients who had their treatment sessions in 2004 - 2005 and 2008
- 2010, respectively. The sessions performed in 2006 and 2007 were excluded to allow for the adoption
and incorporation of CBCT imaging into clinical practice. All chemoembolized HA branches
were categorized according to selection order (0-1, 2, or ≥3). Other procedure variables were documented.

Results:
A total of 58 and 183 sessions were included in Groups A and B, respectively, for 144 patients.
C-arm CBCT was used in 2 (3%) sessions and 142 (78%) sessions in groups A and B, respectively.
The average number of vessels treated was significantly higher in group B (1.8) compared
to group A (1.3) (P < .0001). A shift to an increased selection order in group B (0-1, 44
[24%]; 2, 85 [46%]; ≥3, 54 [30%]) was more significant (P = .0004) than that in group A (0-1, 32
[55%]; 2, 18 [31%]; ≥3, 8 [14%]). The average duration of the procedure was significantly longer
in group B (P = .0002).

Conclusions:
Using C-arm CBCT during chemoembolization has a positive impact on increasing
the number and order of HA selected and chemoembolized. This comes at the expense of an increase
in the duration of the procedure.
Recent and Relevant Methodology in the Advancement of Solid Dispersion
Authors: Talla Shruti , Wadher Kamlesh , Umekar Milind , Lohiya R.T. 
Published: August 2021

Most of the promising drugs in development channels are poorly water-soluble drugs which limit formulation approaches, clinical application because of their low dissolution and bioavailability. And the major current challenges of the pharmaceutical industry are apropos strategies that improve the water solubility of drugs. Solid dispersion has been considered one of the major evolutions in overcoming these issues with several successfully marketed products. Though solid dispersion has been outlined as an efficient drug delivery system, the design of specific dosage forms for pharmaceutical therapy is necessary to improve the solubility and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. Solid dispersion can be prepared by several methods such as solvent evaporation, melting, and supercritical fluid technology. This review intends to provide an updated overview of the recent trends over the past few years in solid dispersion preparation techniques and polymer used. Along with the various pharmaceutical strategies and future visions for the solubilization of poorly water-soluble drugs
Keywords: Solid dispersion, Bioavailability, Solubility, Dissolution parameters, Polymeric carrier
Development and validation of UV-Spectrophotometric and RP-HPLC method for simultaneous estimation of Metformin and Doxycycline in bulk and synthetic mixture
Authors: Mashru Rajashree , Koshti Nirupa 
Published: August 2021

A simple, rapid, sensitive, accurate and precise UV spectrophotometric and isocratic RP-HPLC method have been developed for simultaneous estimation of Metformin and Doxycycline in bulk and synthetic mixture. Spectrophotometric estimation was done by two methods. First method was Q-absorbance ratio method, where two wavelengths 236 nm (λmax of Metformin) and 248 nm (Iso-absorptive point) were used. The second method was first derivative method. In this method the zero-crossing point of Metformin was selected at 282 nm and for Doxycycline, it was 232 nm. The solvent used was methanol in both the above UV-spectrophotometric methods. Metformin and Doxycycline showed good linearity in the series of 1-9 µg/ml and 2-20 µg/ml respectively by both the two methods with an excellent correlation coefficient (r2≥0.998). In RP-HPLC method, the chromatographic separation was achieved on Luna Phenomenex C18 (150 mmХ6 mm, 5 µm) analytical column. A mixture of Acetonitrile: Phosphate buffer (50 mM): Triethylamine (TEA): Tetrahydrofuran (THF) (30:66:2:2) pH adjusted to 2.1 with orthophosphoric acid was used as the mobile phase, at a flow rate of 1 ml/min and at detector wavelength 248 nm. The retention time of Metformin and Doxycycline was found to be 3.561±0.0017 and 5.574±0.0131 minutes respectively. A linear response was observed over the concentration range 4-64 µg/ml of Metformin and 5-80 µg/ml of Doxycycline. All the three methods were validated in accordance to ICH guidelines for linearity, accuracy, precision, LOD and LOQ. The proposed methods were effectively utilized for the concurrent estimation of Metformin and Doxycycline in synthetic mixture.
Keywords: Metformin, Doxycycline, Q-absorbance ratio method, First derivative method, RP-HPLC
In-Silico Evaluation of Tiryaq-E-Wabai, an Unani Formulation for its Potency against SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein and Main Protease
Authors: AHMED N ZAHEER , DAVIS DICKY JOHN , ANWAR NOMAN , KHAN ASIM ALI , MEENA RAM PRATAP , AFNAAN ZEBA , DEVI MEERA 
Published: August 2021

COVID-19 was originated in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and has been declared a pandemic disease by WHO. The number of infected cases continues unabated and so far, no specific drug approved for targeted therapy. Hence, there is a need for drug discovery from traditional medicine. Tiryaq-e-Wabai is a well-documented formulation in Unani medicine for its wide use as prophylaxis during epidemics of cholera, plague and other earlier epidemic diseases. The objective of the current study is to generate in-silico evidence and evaluate the potency of Tiryaq-e-Wabai against SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) glycoprotein and main protease (3CLpro). The structures of all phytocompounds used in this study were retrieved from PubChem database and some were built using Marvin Sketch. The protein structure of the SARS-CoV-2 S glycoprotein and 3CLpro was retrieved from the PDB ID: 6LZG and 7BQY respectively. AutoDock Vina was used to predict top ranking poses with best scores. The results of the molecular docking showed that phytocompounds of Tiryaq-e-Wabai exhibited good docking power with spike glycoprotein and 3CLpro. Among tested compounds Crocin from Zafran and Aloin A from Sibr showed strong binding to spike glycoprotein and 3CLpro respectively. Molecular dynamics simulation confirmed the stability of the S glycoprotein-Crocin and 3CLpro-Aloin A complexes. The Unani formulation Tiryaq-e-Wabai has great potential to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2, which have to be substantiated with further in-vitro and in-vivo studies.
Keywords: In-silico study, SARS-CoV-2, Tiryaq-e-Wabai, Unani formulation, Crocin, Aloin A
The Knowledge Relationship between Mothers who have Children Aged 2-5 years about Anemia toward Stunting Incidence
Authors: Simarmata Vidi Posdo , Suryanegara Wiradi 
Published: August 2021

Anaemia is a condition in which there is a decrease in red blood cells or haemoglobin levels in red blood cells caused by several factors such as chronic diseases, iron and folic acid deficiency, or chronic bleeding. Anaemia is one of the world’s nutritional problems, especially in developing countries, including Indonesia. According to RISKESDAS 2013, the number of stunting children in Indonesia had reached 37% (estimated 9 million toddlers) One of the factors that can cause stunting is anaemia during pregnancy. This research aims to determine whether there is a correlation between anaemia-related knowledge of mothers who have children aged 2-5 years old with the incidence of stunting. The research used in the study used analytical research with a cross-sectional method. The data was collected using questionnaires distributed to mothers who have children at the age of 2-5 years in Mekarbakti Village, Sumedang District, West Java. The study results showed that the incidence of stunting is higher in the group of respondents who have better knowledge of anaemia. The conclusion is that there is no correlation between the level of anaemia-related knowledge of mothers who have children aged 2-5 years with the incidence of stunting in Mekarbakti Village (P Value> 0.05).
Keywords: Anemia, Stunting, Toddler
Analisis Kontrol Optimal Pada Model Matematika Penyebaran Pengguna Narkoba Dengan Faktor Edukasi
Authors: Resmawan  , Eka M , Nurwan  , Achmad N 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
This paper discusses the mathematical model of drug users with education. Optimal control theory was used on this model with education as a control to achieve the goal of minimizing the number of drug users. The optimal control problem was analyzed using Pontryagin’s minimum principle and performed numerical simulation by using a 4th-order Runge-Kutta method. Based on the numerical simulation, there was a change in the number in each population which caused the population with education to increase, and control with education resulted in the reduced number of drug users.
Keywords: Optimal control; mathematical model; drug users; education

ABSTRAK
Artikel ini membahas tentang model matematika penyebaran pengguna narkoba dengan faktor edukasi. Teori kontrol optimal diterapkan pada model ini dengan pemberian kontrol berupa edukasi dengan tujuan untuk meminimumkan jumlah pengguna narkoba. Kontrol optimal dianalisis menggunakan Prinsip Minimum Pontryagin dan dilakukan simulasi numerik dengan menggunakan metode Runge-Kutta orde 4. Berdasarkan simulasi diperoleh bahwa terjadi perubahan jumlah di tiap populasi dan mengakibatkan jumlah populasi dengan edukasi bertambah, serta pemberian kontrol dengan edukasi mengakibatkan jumlah pengguna narkoba berkurang.
Kata kunci : Kontrol optimal; model matematika; pengguna narkoba; edukasi
Voluntary Disclosure Responses to Mandated Disclosure: Evidence from Australian Corporate Tax Transparency
Authors: Kays Allison 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
In order to deter aggressive tax planning, the Australian government mandated public disclosure of three line items from large corporations' tax returns. However, there is no evidence that the mandated disclosure led public firms to pay more taxes (Hoopes, Robinson, and Slemrod 2018). Instead, I find that firms strategically offset expected reputational costs by voluntarily issuing supplemental information. Specifically, when managers expect new reputational costs from the mandated tax return disclosure (wherein the disclosure reveals an unexpectedly low tax liability) and low proprietary costs from a supplemental voluntary disclosure (wherein the firm discloses its nonaggressive tax planning), firms are likely to voluntarily disclose information that both preempts and supplements the government's mandatory disclosure. Thus, when mandatory disclosures are incomplete, firms will voluntarily issue additional information to remain in control of their disclosure environments.
Short-Selling and Information Arrival around Earnings Announcements: Evidence from Regulation SHO
Authors: Clinch Greg , Li Wei 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
Short sellers assist in impounding negative news more quickly into stock prices and improve price informativeness. However, there is a lack of consistent evidence about whether short sellers trade predominantly in anticipation of, or in response to, a public information release. To shed light on this question, we exploit Reg SHO, which reduced the constraints faced by short sellers for a subsample of U.S. firms, to examine price informativeness before, during, and after earnings announcements. We show that relative to control firms, pilot firms have greater (less) price informativeness before (during) earnings announcements, suggesting that short sellers trade in anticipation of public earnings news, rather than in response to the public news.
Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.
JEL Classifications: M40; M41; M48.