bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An integrated path for spatial capture–recapture and animal movement modeling
Authors: McClintock Brett T. , Abrahms Briana , Chandler Richard B. , Conn Paul B. , Converse Sarah J. , Emmet Robert L. , Gardner Beth , Hostetter Nathan J. , Johnson Devin S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEcologists and conservation biologists increasingly rely on spatial capture–recapture (SCR) and movement modeling to study animal populations. Historically, SCR has focused on population‐level processes (e.g., vital rates, abundance, density, and distribution), whereas animal movement modeling has focused on the behavior of individuals (e.g., activity budgets, resource selection, migration). Even though animal movement is clearly a driver of population‐level patterns and dynamics, technical and conceptual developments to date have not forged a firm link between the two fields. Instead, movement modeling has typically focused on the individual level without providing a coherent scaling from individual‐ to population‐level processes, whereas SCR has typically focused on the population level while greatly simplifying the movement processes that give rise to the observations underlying these models. In our view, the integration of SCR and animal movement modeling has tremendous potential for allowing ecologists to scale up from individuals to populations and advancing the types of inferences that can be made at the intersection of population, movement, and landscape ecology. Properly accounting for complex animal movement processes can also potentially reduce bias in estimators of population‐level parameters, thereby improving inferences that are critical for species conservation and management. This introductory article to the Special Feature reviews recent advances in SCR and animal movement modeling, establishes a common notation, highlights potential advantages of linking individual‐level (Lagrangian) movements to population‐level (Eulerian) processes, and outlines a general conceptual framework for the integration of movement and SCR models. We then identify important avenues for future research, including key challenges and potential pitfalls in the developments and applications that lie ahead.
KO‐t‐Bu Catalyzed Thiolation of β‐(Hetero)arylethyl Ethers via MeOH Elimination/hydrothiolation
Authors: Shigeno Masanori , Shishido Yoshiteru , Hayashi Kazutoshi , Nozawa‐Kumada Kanako , Kondo Yoshinori 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHerein, we describe a KO‐t‐Bu catalyzed thiolation of β‐(hetero)arylethyl ethers through MeOH elimination to form (hetero)arylalkenes followed by anti‐Markovnikov hydrothiolation to afford linear thioethers. The system works well with a variety of β‐(hetero)arylethyl ethers, including electron‐deficient, electron‐neutral, electron‐rich, and branched substrates and a range of aliphatic and aromatic thiols.
Xanthates as Thiol Surrogates for Nucleophilic Substitution with Aryl Halides
Authors: Sokolov Anatolii I. , Mikhaylov Andrey A. , Baleeva Nadezhda S. , Baranov Mikhail S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe herein report an unprecedented xanthate‐based protocol for the preparation of aryl‐alkyl thioethers. Heating xanthates with aryl halides and namely cesium carbonate in methanol provides the target thioethers in generally good yields within short reaction times. This method allows one to avoid contact with odorous thiols and also to introduce substituents of which the corresponding thiols are virtually unavailable or inconvenient in use.
Effects of wheat flour particle size on flour physicochemical properties and steamed bread quality
Authors: Pang Jinyue , Guan Erqi , Yang Yuling , Li Mengmeng , Bian Ke 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this study, differently sized particles of wheat flour (from 52.36 μm to 108.89 μm) were obtained by adjusting the distance between the rolls (0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, and 0.1 mm) of a heart mill. Results showed that reducing the particle size significantly increased the damaged starch (DS) content. Uniaxial tensile measurement of dough showed that reducing the particle size of wheat flour can effectively increase the maximum tensile resistance, but the extensibility reaches the maximum in samples at medium particle diameter (78 and 66 μm). Additionally, the ratio of dynamic moduli (G″/G′) decreased with a reducing particle size. The results of disulfide bond content, gluten microstructure, showed that finer flour granulation can strengthen the gluten network. The steamed bread (SB) making test showed that SB made from wheat flour of a smaller particle size had a significantly smaller specific volume than that made from a larger particle size. The texture profile analysis showed that with a decrease of wheat flour particle size, the hardness, chewiness of SB increased, the resilience decreased, and there was no significant difference in adhesiveness. Overall, the quality of SB made flour of medium particles (78 μm) is better.
Comparison of Microplastic Pollution in Beach Sediment and Seawater at UNESCO Can Gio Mangrove Biosphere Reserve
Authors: Khuyen Vo Thi Kim , Le Dinh Vu , Fischer Axel René , Dornack Christina 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMicroplastics have become a global concern due to their persistent properties and impacts on the marine environment. This research investigates pollution sources and behaviors of microplastics at UNESCO Can Gio Mangrove Biosphere Reserve. Density flotation with sodium chloride is employed to extract microplastics from sand at Can Gio Beach, and a double‐filtration procedure is developed to recover microplastics from seawater at the beach and Dong Tranh Cape. The microplastics’ morphology and type are analyzed by micro‐Raman spectroscopy. The results show that microplastics are accumulated at concentrations from 31.99 to 92.56 MPs g−1 at various sand layers. The seawater at Can Gio Beach and Dong Tranh Cape contains 6.44 and 3.75 MPs L−1 of microplastics, respectively. White polyethylene fragments predominate, and all the microplastics comprise small secondary microplastics with a minimum size of 25 µm and a maximum size of 260 µm for fragments and a length of 640 µm for fibers. The proportions of polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, and polymethylmethacrylate are similar. The differing percentages of other compositions in sand and seawater are attributed to the morphology and density of the microplastics. The results indicate the extent of microplastic pollution and suggest appropriate strategies for tourism development at the Biosphere Reserve.
Serum lactate dehydrogenase is a predictive biomarker in patients with oropharyngeal cancer undergoing radiotherapy: Retrospective study on predictive factors
Authors: Uehara Takuya , Doi Hiroshi , Ishikawa Kazuki , Inada Masahiro , Tatsuno Saori , Wada Yutaro , Oguma Yasuo , Kawakami Hisato , Nakamatsu Kiyoshi , Hosono Makoto , Nishimura Yasumasa 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe present study aimed to evaluate the prognostic factors in human papillomavirus (HPV)‐positive and HPV‐negative oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) treated with definitive radiotherapy.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated 101 patients with OPC who underwent definitive radiotherapy between 2008 and 2018.ResultsThe median follow‐up period of the surviving patients was 68 months (range, 8–164 months). The 5‐year overall survival rate was 69.8%. Univariate analyses revealed that poor survival was associated with male sex, smoking ≥30 pack‐years, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status ≥1, tumor‐node‐metastasis (TNM) stage III‐IV (8th edition), HPV‐negativity, serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) ≥202, C‐reactive protein/albumin ratio ≥0.15, and lymphocyte‐to‐monocyte ratio <2.90. In multivariate analyses, poor survival was independently correlated with smoking ≥30 pack‐years (p < 0.01) and LDH ≥202 (p = 0.02).ConclusionsThe present study suggested that high LDH levels predicted poor survival after definitive radiotherapy for patients with both HPV‐positive and HPV‐negative OPC.
Combination of Olaparib with radiotherapy for triple‐negative breast cancers: One‐year toxicity report of the RADIOPARP Phase I trial
Authors: Loap Pierre , Loirat Delphine , Berger Frederique , Cao Kim , Ricci Francesco , Jochem Anne , Raizonville Laurence , Mosseri Veronique , Fourquet Alain , Kirova Youlia 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTriple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells are sensitive to PARP1 inhibitors in vitro. The combination of Olaparib and radiotherapy for TNBC is currently evaluated in the Phase I RADIOPARP trial. RADIOPARP is a monocentric prospective open‐label Phase I dose‐escalation trial evaluating the combination of breast radiotherapy and Olaparib in TNBC patients with inflammatory, locoregionally advanced or metastatic disease, or with residual disease after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Olaparib was orally given at increasing dose levels (50, 100, 150 or 200 mg twice a day [BID]); radiotherapy consisted of 50 Gy to the breast or chest wall with or without lymph node irradiation. Twenty‐four TNBC patients were enrolled between September 2017 and November 2019. Olaparib was escalated to 200 mg BID without dose‐limiting toxicities. At 1‐year follow‐up, no treatment‐related grade ≥3 toxicity was observed. One patient (4.2%) had persistent grade 2 adverse events (breast pain, fibrosis and deformity). There was no cardiac, pulmonary or digestive toxicity related to treatment. The 1‐year follow‐up report of the RADIOPARP Phase I trial, evaluating Olaparib associated with breast radiotherapy in TNBC patients, consequently demonstrated an excellent toxicity profile of this combination with few low‐grade adverse events.
Genome‐wide association studies of toxicity to oxaliplatin and fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy with or without cetuximab in 1800 patients with advanced colorectal cancer
Authors: Watts Katie , Wills Christopher , Madi Ayman , Palles Claire , Maughan Timothy S. , Kaplan Richard , Al‐Tassan Nada A. , Kerr Rachel , Kerr David , Gray Victoria , West Hannah , Houlston Richard S. , Escott‐Price Valentina , Cheadle Jeremy P. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractChemotherapies administered at normal therapeutic dosages can cause significant side‐effects and may result in early treatment discontinuation. Inter‐individual variation in toxicity highlights the need for biomarkers to personalise treatment. We sought to identify such biomarkers by conducting 40 genome‐wide association studies, together with gene and gene set analyses, for any toxicity and 10 individual toxicities in 1800 patients with advanced colorectal cancer treated with oxaliplatin and fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy ± cetuximab from the MRC COIN and COIN‐B trials (385 patients received FOLFOX, 360 FOLFOX + cetuximab, 707 XELOX and 348 XELOX + cetuximab). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), genes and gene sets that reached genome‐wide or suggestive significance were validated in independent patient groups. We found that MROH5 was significantly associated with neutropenia in MAGMA gene analyses in patients treated with XELOX (P = 6.6 × 10−7) and was independently validated in those receiving XELOX + cetuximab; pooled P = 3.7 × 10−7. rs13260246 at 8q21.13 was significantly associated with vomiting in patients treated with XELOX (odds ratio = 5.0, 95% confidence interval = 3.0‐8.3, P = 9.8 × 10−10) but was not independently replicated. SNPs at 139 loci had suggestive associations for toxicities and lead SNPs at five of these were independently validated (rs6030266 with diarrhoea, rs1546161 with hand‐foot syndrome, rs9601722 with neutropenia, rs13413764 with lethargy and rs4600090 with nausea; all with pooled P's < 5.0 × 10−6). In conclusion, the association of MROH5 with neutropenia and five other putative biomarkers warrant further investigation for their potential clinical utility. Despite our comprehensive genome‐wide analyses of large, well‐characterised, clinical trials, we found a lack of common variants with modest effect sizes associated with toxicities.
Aberrant expression of five miRNAs in papillary thyroid carcinomas
Authors: Qiao De‐hui , He Xue‐mei , Deng Xian , Ji Yi‐chi , Yang Hui , Cheng Lian , Zhou Xiang‐yu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe miRNAs play critical roles in the progression of various tumors. Our study aimed to screen and identify miRNAs to investigate their diagnostic and prognostic value for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).MethodsmiRNAs were evaluated in PTC (n = 30) tissues, A‐PTC (n = 30), benign nodules (n = 35) and A‐benign nodules (n = 35). The expression levels of five miRNAs were quantified using real‐time, quantitative PCR. ROC analysis was used to evaluate the miRNA diagnostic value.ResultsThe expression of miR‐1296‐5p, miR‐1301‐3p, and miR‐532‐5p was significantly downregulated (p = 0.0001, p = 0.0006, p = 0.0024, respectively), while miR‐551b‐3p and miR‐455‐3p were significantly upregulated in PTC tissues compared to A‐PTC tissues (p = 0.0005, p = 0.0046, respectively). Interestingly, the expression of miR‐1296‐5p was downregulated, while miR‐551b‐3p and miR‐455‐3p were upregulated in the A‐PTC group compared to the A‐benign group. Moreover, the miR‐1296‐5p expression level was associated with tumor size, the number of foci and the TNM stage; the miR‐455‐3p expression level was correlated with patient age, tumor size, and TNM stage; and the miR‐532‐5p expression level was correlated with patient age, lymph node metastasis and TNM stage correspondingly. ROC analysis revealed that the AUCs for miR‐1301‐3p, miR‐1296‐5p, miR‐455‐3p, miR‐532‐5p, and miR‐551b‐3p were 0.773, 0.790, 0.783, 0.744, and 0.650, respectively.ConclusionsOur results indicated that miR‐1296‐5p, miR‐1301‐3p, miR‐532‐5p, miR‐551b‐3p, and miR‐455‐3p are aberrantly expressed in papillary thyroid carcinomas and correlated with clinicopathological features. ROC curve analysis indicated that these five miRNAs have a potential diagnostic value. Consequently, we speculate that the five altered miRNAs may serve as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for PTC.
Population Pharmacokinetics of Viloxazine Extended‐Release Capsules in Pediatric Subjects With Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Nasser Azmi , Gomeni Roberto , Wang Zhao , Kosheleff Alisa R. , Xie Lanyi , Adeojo Lilian W. , Schwabe Stefan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractViloxazine extended‐release capsules (viloxazine ER; Qelbree) is a novel nonstimulant, recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of ADHD in pediatrics. Here, we characterize the pharmacokinetics (PK) of viloxazine and its major metabolite, 5‐HVLX‐gluc, using a population PK model and evaluate the impact of 1‐4 days of missed viloxazine ER doses on viloxazine PK. Data from 4 phase 3 trials in pediatric subjects treated with viloxazine ER were used to establish the PK model. Covariate analysis was conducted on the final base model. The impact of 1‐4 days of missed doses on steady‐state viloxazine PK was evaluated using Monte Carlo simulations. A 1‐compartmental linear model with first‐order absorption and elimination of the parent drug and first‐order metabolite formation and elimination properly described the population PK of viloxazine and 5‐HVLX‐gluc. Body weight impacted the systemic exposure of viloxazine and 5‐HVLX‐gluc. Predicted PK parameters at steady state (mean ± standard deviation) in children receiving viloxazine ER were determined. Cmax was 1.60 ± 0.70 μg/mL at 100 mg, 2.83 ± 1.31 μg/mL at 200 mg, and 5.61 ± 2.48 μg/mL at 400 mg. AUC0‐t was 19.29 ± 8.88 μg·h/mL at 100 mg, 34.72 ± 16.53 μg·h/mL at 200 mg, and 68.00 ± 28.51 μg·h/mL at 400 mg. PK parameters for adolescents receiving viloxazine ER were also determined. Cmax was 2.06 ± 0.90 μg/mL at 200 mg, 4.08 ± 1.67 μg/mL at 400 mg, and 6.49 ± 2.87 μg/mL at 600 mg. AUC0‐t was 25.78 ± 11.55 μg·h/mL at 200 mg, 50.80 ± 19.76 μg·h/mL at 400 mg, and 79.97 ± 36.91 μg·h/mL at 600 mg. Simulations revealed that, regardless of the duration of the dosing interruption, viloxazine concentration returned to steady‐state levels after approximately 2 days of once‐daily dosing of viloxazine ER.
Exogenous insulin‐like growth factor 1 attenuates cisplatin‐induced muscle atrophy in mice
Authors: Sakai Hiroyasu , Asami Maho , Naito Hiroaki , Kitora Satoko , Suzuki Yuta , Miyauchi Yu , Tachinooka Rei , Yoshida Satoshi , Kon Risako , Ikarashi Nobutomo , Chiba Yoshihiko , Kamei Junzo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundA reduction in the skeletal muscle mass worsens the prognosis of patients with various cancers. Our previous studies indicated that cisplatin administration to mice caused muscle atrophy. This is a concern for human patients receiving cisplatin. The insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1)/phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway stimulates the rate of protein synthesis in skeletal muscle. Thus, IGF‐I can be a central therapeutic target for preventing the loss of skeletal muscle mass in muscle atrophy, although it remains unclear whether pharmacological activation of the IGF‐1/PI3K/Akt pathway attenuates muscle atrophy induced by cisplatin. In this study, we examined whether exogenous recombinant human IGF‐1 attenuated cisplatin‐induced muscle atrophy.MethodsMale C57BL/6J mice (8–9 weeks old) were injected with cisplatin or saline for four consecutive days. On Day 5, quadriceps muscles were isolated. Mecasermin (recombinant human IGF‐1) or the vehicle control was subcutaneously administered 30 min prior to cisplatin administration. A dietary restriction group achieving weight loss equivalent to that caused by cisplatin administration was used as a second control. C2C12 myotubes were treated with cisplatin with/without recombinant mouse IGF‐1. The skeletal muscle protein synthesis/degradation pathway was analysed by histological and biochemical methods.ResultsCisplatin reduced protein level of IGF‐1 by about 85% compared with the vehicle group and also reduced IGF‐1/PI3K/Akt signalling in skeletal muscle. Under this condition, the protein levels of muscle ring finger protein 1 (MuRF1) and atrophy gene 1 (atrogin‐1) were increased in quadriceps muscles (MuRF1; 3.0 ± 0.1 folds, atrogin‐1; 3.0 ± 0.3 folds, P < 0.001, respectively). The administration of a combination of cisplatin and IGF‐1 significantly suppressed the cisplatin‐induced downregulation of IGF‐1/PI3K/Akt signalling and upregulation of MuRF1 and atrogin‐1 (up to 1.6 ± 0.3 and 1.5 ± 0.4 folds, P < 0.001, respectively), resulting in diminished muscular atrophy. IGF‐1 showed similar effects in cisplatin‐treated C2C12 myotubes, as well as the quadriceps muscle in mice.ConclusionsThe downregulation of IGF‐1 expression in skeletal muscle might be one of the factors playing an important role in the development of cisplatin‐induced muscular atrophy. Compensating for this downregulation with exogenous IGF‐1 suggests that it could be a therapeutic target for limiting the loss of skeletal muscle mass in cisplatin‐induced muscle atrophy.
Safety of COVID‐19 vaccines
Authors: Al Khames Aga Qutaiba A. , Alkhaffaf Waseem H. , Hatem Tagreed H. , Nassir Kawthar F. , Batineh Yazan , Dahham Abdullah T. , Shaban Dimah , Al Khames Aga Luma A. , Agha Manhal Y. R. , Traqchi Muaamar 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study is aimed to identify the adverse effects associated with three types of coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines. Approximately 1736 individuals agreed to participate in this study. The participants involved in the study were individuals who had received the first dose or full course (two doses) of the vaccine at least 30 days before the survey. A direct and interactive web‐based system interview with a paper and electronic version of the questionnaire was used for all participants. A total of 1736 randomized individuals were identified. The reactogenicity of the vaccines including pain, redness, urticaria, and swelling at the site of the injection was reported in 34.56% of the participants. Local site reaction was reported in more individuals who had Pfizer and AstraZeneca vaccines than those who received the Sinopharm vaccine. The systemic events were more common with AstraZeneca and Pfizer vaccines, symptoms reported were fatigue, body pain, headache, muscle pain, fever, and gastrointestinal side effects. There were no correlations between age or gender, and the duration of the adverse effects for the three vaccines. Swelling and severe allergic reaction of the eyelids, severe hypotension, generalized body aches, shortness of breath, weakness and numbness on the injected arm, acute hyperglycemia, severe chest pain, and fever more than 39°C were among the unusual signs and symptoms reported by the participants. Pfizer, AstraZeneca, and Sinopharm vaccines were found to be safe and Sinopharm vaccine showed a lower prevalence of adverse effects compared with the other vaccines. The duration and severity of adverse effects were not affected by age or gender. Unusual side effects should be closely monitored to establish determine they are linked to the immunization.
Design and synthesis of naphthalene‐based chiral strong cation exchangers and their application for chiral separation of basic drugs
Authors: Herciková Jana , Spálovská Dita , Frühauf Peter , Izák Pavel , Lindner Wolfgang , Kohout Michal 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn continuation of our efforts to synthesize a highly dedicated strong cation exchanger, we introduce four chiral stationary phases based on a laterally substituted naphthalene core featuring chiral 2‐aminocyclohexansulfonic acid as the chiral cation‐exchange site. The selectors were modified with two different terminal units, which enabled immobilization to the silica support by thiol–ene radical reaction or azide–yne click chemistry. The chromatographic parameters of these chiral stationary phases were determined using a set of chiral amines, mainly from the family of β‐blocker pharmaceuticals. The chiral stationary phases immobilized by means of click chemistry were found to be superior to those possessing the sulfide linker to the silica support. The chromatographic results and visualization of density functional theory‐calculated conformations of the selectors hint at a combination of a steric and electronic effect of the triazole ring in the course of chiral resolution of the target analytes.
Modal completeness of sublogics of the interpretability logic IL
Authors: Kurahashi Taishi , Okawa Yuya 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe study modal completeness and incompleteness of several sublogics of the interpretability logic . We introduce the sublogic , and prove that is sound and complete with respect to Veltman prestructures which are introduced by Visser. Moreover, we prove the modal completeness of twelve logics between and with respect to Veltman prestructures. On the other hand, we prove that eight natural sublogics of are modally incomplete. Finally, we prove that these incomplete logics are complete with respect to generalized Veltman prestructures. As a consequence of these investigations, we obtain that the twenty logics studied in this paper are all decidable.
Interstitial duplication of 20q11.22q13.11: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Goetzinger Logan , Starks Rachel D. , Dillahunt Kyle , Major Heather , Nagy Jaime M. , Sidhu Alpa 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundReports of interstitial duplication of chromosome 20q11 are rare with only nine published patients to date.MethodsWe performed karyotype and chromosomal microarray analysis on a peripheral blood sample for our patient and reviewed the genes in the region to provide genotype–phenotype correlation.ResultsClinical features of the patient include minor dysmorphic facial features, shorthands and feet, bilateral conductive hearing loss, global developmental delay, and behavioral issues with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Together with previously published cases of 20q11 duplication, we show that patients with overlapping duplications share a similar clinical phenotype of dysmorphic craniofacial features and developmental delay.ConclusionWe report an 8‐year‐old girl with a 9.1 Mb interstitial duplication of chromosome 20q11.22q13.11. Our observations suggest that a novel duplication syndrome and documentation of similar cases will further help clarify the phenotype.