bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonal and interannual production of sea lettuce (Ulva sp.) in outdoor cultures based on commercial size ponds
Authors: Zertuche‐González José A. , Sandoval‐Gil Jose M. , Rangel‐Mendoza Laura K. , Gálvez‐Palazuelos Alberto I. , Guzmán‐Calderón José M. , Yarish Charles 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe many nutritional benefits reported in seaweeds have increased their demand in the western world for human consumption. In order to supply this demand, it is necessary to cultivate seaweeds both offshore and onshore. Offshore cultivation is highly vulnerable to climate variation. Cultures on land can be operated while essential variables can be controlled (nutrient supply) or partially regulated (light and temperature) providing a more uniform quality and continuous production. In this study, we present the results of pond‐culture in a commercial pilot‐facility on the Pacific, temperate coast of Mexico, which has been continuously running for 2½ years. Ponds of 100 m3 were seeded with 3 kg/m2 of a previously selected strain of Ulva. Pulse fertilization and a full water exchange were made twice a week. Ponds were fully harvested every 3 weeks and re‐seeded with the initial density. Seaweed production showed a bimodal distribution with a strong peak in spring (258–290 g m−2 day−1), a minor peak in autumn, and lower production in summer and much lower in winter (40–85 g m−2 day−1). Highest growth performance occurred when the average temperature remained between 17 and 23°C. This study provides a realistic baseline for annual seaweed production on a commercial pilot‐scale aquaculture farm.
Anesthesia for children with complete trisomy 18 (Edwards syndrome): A cohort review of 84 anesthesia encounters in nine patients
Authors: Birmingham Erin E. , Stucke Astrid G. , Diaz Christina D. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundTrisomy 18 or Edwards syndrome is the second most common aneuploidy with a prevalence between 1/3000 and 1/10 000 live births. The syndrome encompasses malformations of the central nervous, cardiac, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary systems. Trisomy 18 carries a poor prognosis with 90% of patients not surviving beyond 1 year of age; however, the current trend toward more aggressive supportive care may prolong survival. The limited anesthesia literature highlights the abnormal airway anatomy but generally describes uneventful airway management and perioperative course.AimOur goal was to review all anesthesia encounters recorded for eleven trisomy 18 patients treated at Children's Wisconsin during the study period to explore the frequency of anesthesia encounters and to improve our understanding of the perioperative risks.MethodsWe performed a retrospective chart review of all patients with trisomy 18 who were treated at our institution between 2012 and 2017. Records were screened for anesthesia encounters, perioperative critical events and complications, enrollment in palliative care, code status, and time of death.ResultsEleven children were identified. Children were born between 2001 and 2016. Two children never required anesthesia care. Nine patients had a total of 84 anesthesia encounters for 121 surgical or diagnostic procedures or emergent intubations. Critical events and perioperative complications included difficult mask ventilation (n = 7), difficult intubation (n = 15), and mechanical or pharmacological cardiopulmonary resuscitation (n = 6). Five patients presented with difficult peripheral intravenous access. One patient died in the immediate postoperative period. On five occasions, patients required emergent intubation outside of the operating room.ConclusionDifficult airway management and respiratory compromise were critical concerns during the perioperative period in our patient population, and the inability to ventilate could lead to cardiorespiratory arrest. This case series provides a comprehensive, longitudinal view of complete trisomy 18 patients in the perioperative period and adds information for counseling families and care providers.
The reward positivity reflects the integrated value of temporally threefold‐layered decision outcomes
Authors: Rommerskirchen Lena , Lange Leon , Osinsky Roman 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn reinforcement learning, adaptive behavior depends on the ability to predict future outcomes based on previous decisions. The Reward Positivity (RewP) is thought to encode reward prediction errors in the anterior midcingulate cortex (aMCC) whenever these predictions are violated. Although the RewP has been extensively studied in the context of simple binary (win vs. loss) reward processing, recent studies suggest that the RewP scales complex feedback in a fine graded fashion. The aim of this study was to replicate and extend previous findings that the RewP reflects the integrated sum of instantaneous and delayed consequences of a singular outcome by increasing the feedback information content by a third temporal dimension. We used a complex reinforcement‐learning task where each option was associated with an immediate, intermediate and delayed monetary outcome and analyzed the RewP in the time domain as well as fronto‐medial theta power in the time‐frequency domain. To test if the RewP sensitivity to the three outcome dimensions reflect stable trait‐like individual differences in reward processing, a retesting session took place 3 months later. The results confirm that the RewP reflects the integrated value of complex temporally extended consequences in a stable manner, albeit there was no relation to behavioral choice. Our findings indicate that the medial frontal cortex receives fine graded information about complex action outcomes that, however, may not necessarily translate to cognitive or behavioral control processes.
Investigation on Variations of Void Fraction in a Subcooled Boiling Channel Under Vertical Forced Excitations
Authors: Chen Shao-Wen , Lee Wei-Cheng , Chang Yu-Hsien , Ho Ailing , Lee Jin-Der , Yang Jung-Hua , Wang Jong-Rong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Experimental tests were carried out to investigate the vertically forced excitation effects on the subcooled boiling flow. The heated circular channel with an inner diameter of 11.9 mm was operated with various heat fluxes (q″ ≈ 14.6–41.1 kW/m2) and inlet flow conditions (vin ≈ 0.21–0.42 m/s) under various vertical forced excitations (f ≈ 0–1.63 Hz), and the time variations of void fraction, near-wall fluid temperature and pressure were recorded during the tests. Fast Fourier transform (FFT) was applied to extract the dominant frequency from the transient signals, and the variations of averages and standard deviations of test data were obtained for analysis. Under lower heat flux, lower flow, and lower void conditions, the time-averaged void fraction may decrease under forced excitations, and the dominant frequencies of void variations were identical to those of forced excitations. However in higher heat flux and higher void conditions, the void fraction can slightly increase under forced excitations, but the excitation frequencies may not be clearly observed in the void FFT plots. In general, the transient and time-averaged void fraction can be affected by forced excitations, and the void variation trends are similar to those of near-wall fluid temperature, which implies the void variations may be related to the changes of thermal boundary layer thickness. Besides, the potential variations of void fraction were estimated by assuming changes of heat transfer coefficient and/or wall superheat, which appear similar trends to the observed void variations in the present tests.
Generalized version of chiral Schwinger model in terms of chiral bosonization
Authors: Yasmin Safia 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe $$(1+1)$$

(
1
+
1
)

dimensional generalized model where vector and axial vector interaction get mixed up with different strength is considered. Imposing a chiral constraint, the model can be expressed in terms of chiral boson. Then the theoretical spectra of this model has been determined in both the Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formalism. It is found that the massless degrees of freedom disappears from the spectra and the photon acquires mass as well. Imposition of chiral constraint brings a disaster so far as Lorentz invariance is concerned. An attempt has been made here to show the physical Lorentz invariance explicitly using Poincaré algebra.
Resonance instability of primordial gravitational waves during inflation in Chern–Simons gravity
Authors: Fu Chengjie , Liu Jing , Zhu Tao , Yu Hongwei , Wu Puxun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe investigate axion inflation where the gravitational Chern–Simons term is coupled to a periodic function of the inflaton. We find that tensor perturbations with different polarizations are amplified in different ways by the Chern–Simons coupling. Depending on the model parameters, the resonance amplification results in a parity-violating peak or a board plateau in the energy spectrum of gravitational waves, and the sharp cutoff in the infrared region constitutes a characteristic distinguishable from stochastic gravitational wave backgrounds produced by matter fields in Einstein gravity.
Class I polytropes for anisotropic matter
Authors: Ramos A. , Arias C. , Fuenmayor E. , Contreras E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this work we study class I interior solutions supported by anisotropic polytropes. The generalized Lane–Emden equation compatible with the embedding condition is obtained and solved for a different set of parameters in both the isothermal and non-isothermal regimes. For completeness, the Tolman mass is computed and analysed to some extend. As a complementary study we consider the impact of the Karmarkar condition on the mass and the Tolman mass functions respectively. Comparison with other results in literature are discussed.
Aα spectra of graphs obtained by two corona operations and Aα cospectral graphs
Authors: Sahir Md. Abdus , Abu Nayeem Sk. Md. 
Published: March 2021

Let [Formula: see text] be a graph of which [Formula: see text] be the adjacency matrix and [Formula: see text] be a diagonal matrix whose diagonal entries are the degrees of vertices of [Formula: see text]. [Formula: see text] is known as the signless Laplacian matrix of the graph [Formula: see text]. For any real [Formula: see text] matrix is defined by the convex combination [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Clearly, [Formula: see text] coincides with [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text] and coincides with [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text]. Thus, the [Formula: see text] eigenvalues are generalizations of adjacency eigenvalues and signless Laplacian eigenvalues. In this paper, we have obtained the [Formula: see text] spectra of corona and edge corona of two graphs. We have also shown that [Formula: see text] cospectral graphs and [Formula: see text] equienergetic graphs can be obtained from there.
Abstract IA014: Regulation of disseminated tumor cell dormancy in brain by the perivascular niche
Authors: Ghajar Cyrus M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The brain provides compelling evidence that tumour dormancy is not simply an intriguing biological phenomenon. Given effective therapy, it may emerge as a culprit of lethality. To date, the mechanism by which the brain microenvironment drives disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) into a dormant state remain elusive. Here, I describe our studies leveraging serial intravital imaging to demonstrate that a large fraction of disseminated breast tumor cells within brain persist as single cells, and that every one of these cells is physically associated with microvasculature. Despite occupying a vascular niche, however, the burden for enforcing dormancy does not lie with endothelium. Instead, perivascular astrocytes are the dominant effector. Specifically, we show that astrocytic laminin-211 signals through DTC dystroglycan to suppress proliferation. Transcriptomic data suggest quiescence may ultimately be driven by sequestration of the Hippo effector yes-associated protein. We view these findings as a first step towards therapies that maintain DTC dormancy to prevent brain metastasis.
Citation Format: Cyrus M. Ghajar. Regulation of disseminated tumor cell dormancy in brain by the perivascular niche [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on the Evolving Tumor Microenvironment in Cancer Progression: Mechanisms and Emerging Therapeutic Opportunities; in association with the Tumor Microenvironment (TME) Working Group; 2021 Jan 11-12. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(5 Suppl):Abstract nr IA014.
Abstract IA019: Collagen mineralization and its role in breast cancer bone metastasis
Authors: Fischbach Claudia 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Skeletal metastasis of breast cancer is associated with changes in bone mineral density, therapy resistance, and poor clinical prognosis. Most emphasis to date has been placed on studying the role of bone and marrow cells in this process, but the functional contribution of skeletal extracellular matrix (ECM) remains largely unclear. Better understanding these connections is critical as mineralized collagen, the basic building block of bone, is a key component of the osteogenic niche that tumor cells target during dissemination and that changes as a function of diet, age, and exercise. Using correlative materials science and tissue engineering approaches, we have characterized metastasis-relevant bone matrix characteristics across multiple length scales and recapitulated these properties in vitro to investigate the functional relationship between collagen mineralization and tumor cell phenotype. Breast cancer cells cultured on mineralized substrates exhibited reduced adhesion forces and accordingly reduced collagen fiber alignment relative to cells cultured on control collagen. These changes were attributed to mineral-mediated differences in collagen stress relaxation and altered mechanosignaling with consequences on tumor cell migration and expression of cancer stem cell markers. RNAseq analysis in combination with functional studies confirmed that tumor cells interacting with control vs. mineralized collagen exhibited altered proliferative and therapy-resistant capability. In vivo studies confirmed the relevance of bone matrix mineralization to secondary tumor growth and therapy resistance. These results suggest that changes in collagen mineralization directly impact hallmark features of skeletal metastasis including tumor cell dissemination, growth, and therapy resistance and underline the critical importance of bone mineral in the pathogenesis of breast cancer bone metastasis.
Citation Format: Claudia Fischbach. Collagen mineralization and its role in breast cancer bone metastasis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on the Evolving Tumor Microenvironment in Cancer Progression: Mechanisms and Emerging Therapeutic Opportunities; in association with the Tumor Microenvironment (TME) Working Group; 2021 Jan 11-12. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(5 Suppl):Abstract nr IA019.
Abstract PO026: Loss of STAT5 in macrophages potentiates tissue remodeling and tumor-promoting phenotype in breast cancer
Authors: Jesser Emily A. , Schwertfeger Kathryn L. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Despite advances in treating breast cancer, limited targeted therapeutics exist for the triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype, therefore it remains the most fatal relative to other breast cancer subtypes. Since TNBC tumor cells utilize the Janus Kinase (JAK)/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) pathway for growth and proliferation signals, new therapeutics are being developed to target components of this pathway like STAT5. However, this pathway is also important for infiltrating inflammatory cells such as, macrophages, and their function in the tumor microenvironment. My data indicates that STAT5 is critical for tissue remodeling phenotypes and cell survival in macrophages, which can have a significant impact on tumor progression. I have observed increases in macrophage production of extracellular matrix components when STAT5 signaling is impaired, as well as a localization of STAT5-active macrophages at the tumor border suggesting a role in metastatic restraint. I have also shown that loss of STAT5 in tumor-associated macrophages correlates to an increase in tumor metastases in vivo. The goal of my research is to define the specific functional contributions of STAT5 to macrophage polarization and macrophage-mediated resistance of tumors to JAK/STAT inhibition. To address these questions, my research employs the use of mouse mammary tumor models, clinically-relevant JAK/STAT inhibition and conditional knockout strategies to understand how macrophages can shift from tumor-hostile to tumor-friendly, as well as, provide rationale for potential therapeutic interventions to maintain an anti-tumor response against TNBC.
Citation Format: Emily A. Jesser, Kathryn L. Schwertfeger. Loss of STAT5 in macrophages potentiates tissue remodeling and tumor-promoting phenotype in breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on the Evolving Tumor Microenvironment in Cancer Progression: Mechanisms and Emerging Therapeutic Opportunities; in association with the Tumor Microenvironment (TME) Working Group; 2021 Jan 11-12. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(5 Suppl):Abstract nr PO026.
Abstract PO034: Hypoxia-derived extracellular vesicles promote triple-negative breast cancer invasion in vitro
Authors: Pachane Bianca Cruz , Altei Wanessa Fernanda , Sobreiro Selistre-de-Araujo Heloisa 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The increase of tumor mass and complexity triggers cell invasion, a key step of the metastatic cascade, through hypoxia-derived signalization. The decrease in oxygen levels on the inner tumor mass stimulates the secretion of extracellular vesicles (EV) to the microenvironment, whose cargo may induce an invasive behavior of breast cancer cells. In an attempt to identify key players in hypoxic EV-mediated cell invasion in breast cancer, we are investigating the molecular, cellular and biochemical changes triggered by hypoxic-EVs to triple-negative breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231). EVs have been isolated from conditioned culture media by differential ultracentrifugation and characterized by particle analysis (NTA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), protein quantification and western blot of EV markers according to the MISEV2018. EV-treated cells were submitted to invasion assays in i) invasion chamber with extracellular matrix-based hydrogel and ii) a fluorescent gelatin-coated surface. Cell lysate and EV samples were probed for matrix metalloproteases by western blot and zymography. Morphological analysis of cells after EV treatment have been conducted after cytoskeleton staining using fluorescent probes. EVs derived from hypoxia and normoxia-cultured MDA-MB-231 are similarly sized and enriched with CD63, FLOT-1 and ALIX, although hypoxic-EVs have displayed higher protein concentration and particle concentration. Hypoxic EVs promoted cell invasion in an extracellular matrix-based hydrogel after 6h and 16h under normal oxygen conditions. Gelatin degradation has also been observed after EV treatment in normoxia, with results akin to degradation found in cells under hypoxia. While protease activity has been detected in EVs via zymography, we have yet to confirm the role of matrix metalloproteases in EV-related cell invasion. While little morphological changes have been observed upon EV treatment in gelatin-adhered cells, they acquire an epithelial morphology in uncoated circumstances, thus indicating a key role of adhesion molecules to hypoxia-derived invasive behavior. In conclusion, hypoxia-derived EVs from breast cancer cells generate morphological and physiological changes to tumor cells in regular oxygen levels, leading to an invasive behavior in collagen-based matrixes.
Citation Format: Bianca Cruz Pachane, Wanessa Fernanda Altei, Heloisa Sobreiro Selistre-de-Araujo. Hypoxia-derived extracellular vesicles promote triple-negative breast cancer invasion in vitro [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on the Evolving Tumor Microenvironment in Cancer Progression: Mechanisms and Emerging Therapeutic Opportunities; in association with the Tumor Microenvironment (TME) Working Group; 2021 Jan 11-12. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(5 Suppl):Abstract nr PO034.
Abstract PO039: Novel in vivo imaging method to evaluate "Don't eat me" signal of tumor against microglia
Authors: Tsuji Takahiro , Wake Hiroaki , Shindo Mariko , Kato Daisuke , Ozasa Hiroaki , Hirai Toyohiro 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Tumor formation is promoted by increased expression of “Don’t eat me” signals such as CD47 in cancer cells that inhibit phagocytic action of macrophages. However, the signals can regulate generation of brain metastasis is still unclear. In the brain, microglia and perivascular macrophages are the only resident immune cells of the brain parenchyma. Here, we have developed an in-vivo imaging method that can allow us to evaluate microglial phagocytosis of tumor and to detemine the fates of cancer cells in the brain. The skull of the CX3CR1-EGFP mice, in which microglia is specifically labeled with EGFP, was replaced with a glass coverslip, and the fluorescently labeled lung cancer cells (CMT167-mCherry) were injected via the internal carotid artery of the mice. The fate of arrested cancer cells in the brain vascular was monitored for 12-16 days. Of the 324 cancer cells (4 mice), 49.8% (N=138) of cells displaced from their original site, 40.4% (N=112) of cells developed micro-metastasis, and 6.9% (N=27) of cells were processed by microglia resulting in cell death. To evaluate the “Don’t eat me” signal against microglia, a CD47 gene knockout cell line was monitored as well, and these cells developed significantly less micro-metastasizes compared with CD47 positive cells. This in vivo imaging of the brain metastasis potentially provide a method for monitoring of tumor fate and validation of crucial target.
Citation Format: Takahiro Tsuji, Hiroaki Wake, Mariko Shindo, Daisuke Kato, Hiroaki Ozasa, Toyohiro Hirai. Novel in vivo imaging method to evaluate "Don't eat me" signal of tumor against microglia [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on the Evolving Tumor Microenvironment in Cancer Progression: Mechanisms and Emerging Therapeutic Opportunities; in association with the Tumor Microenvironment (TME) Working Group; 2021 Jan 11-12. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(5 Suppl):Abstract nr PO039.