bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel Approach Using Administrative Claims to Evaluate Trends in Oncology Multigene Panel Testing for Patients Enrolled in Medicare Advantage Health Plans
Authors: Caplan Eleanor O. , Wong William B. , Ferries Erin , Hulinsky Rebecca , Brown Vicky T. , Bordenave Kristine , Suehs Brandon T. 
Published: May 2021

PURPOSETo develop an approach to identify and evaluate recent use of multigene panel testing over time.METHODSWe conducted a retrospective database analysis using medical and pharmacy claims data. Medicare Advantage Prescription Drug Plan members diagnosed with select malignant solid tumors were identified. The pattern of somatic genetic testing for each patient was evaluated from January 2016 through December 2018. Tests were classified by the number of genes tested in the panel: < 50 (small or medium) and ≥ 50 (large).RESULTSAn initial feasibility study using our novel approach for identifying panel tests resulted in 2.4 and 1.2 times more large and medium panels, respectively, identified compared with using procedure codes alone. A total of 121,675 eligible patients were identified, with 131,915 unique cancer cases. Overall, 5,457 (4.5%) patients received any panel test from 2016 to 2018. We found the number of tests performed each quarter increased from 238 in Q1 of 2016 to 755 in Q4 of 2018. The highest number of cases were genitourinary cancers; however, the highest proportion of cancer-related genetic testing was among patients with respiratory cancer. Across all tumor types, the proportion of large-panel tests performed as a function of all multigene panel tests increased from 20.7% of tests in Q1 of 2016 to 46.4% of tests in Q4 of 2018. The three cancer categories with the highest count of cancer-related panel tests, respiratory cancer, GI cancer, and female reproductive cancer, had a consistently greater proportion receiving a panel test at any point postindex.CONCLUSIONAcross a variety of cancers, use of somatic, large-panel cancer-related genetic testing, as a proportion of all somatic cancer-related genetic testing, increased from 2016 to 2018, although testing overall was low.
Aneuploidy facilitates dysplastic and tumorigenic phenotypes in the Drosophila gut
Authors: Brás Rita , Monteiro Augusta , Sunkel Claudio E. , Resende Luís Pedro 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
Aneuploidy has been strongly linked to cancer development, and published evidence has suggested that aneuploidy can have an oncogenic or a tumor suppressor role depending on the tissue context. Using the Drosophila midgut as a model, we have recently described that adult intestinal stem cells (ISCs), do not activate programmed cell death upon aneuploidy induction, leading to an increase in ISC proliferation rate, and tissue dysplasia. How aneuploidy impacts ISCs in intestinal tumorigenic models remains to be investigated, and it represents a very important biological question to address since data from multiple in vivo models suggests that the cellular impact of aneuploidy is highly dependent on the cellular and tissue context. Using manipulation of different genetic pathways such as EGFR, JAK-STAT and Notch that cause dysplastic phenotypes in the Drosophila gut, we found that concomitant aneuploidy induction by impairment of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) consistently leads to a more severe progression of intestinal dysplasia or tumorigenesis. This is characterized by an accumulation of progenitor cells, high tissue cell density and higher stem cell proliferation rates, revealing an additive or synergistic effect depending on the misregulated pathway in which aneuploidy was induced. Thus, our data suggests that in the Drosophila gut, both dysplasia and tumorigenic phenotypes can be fueled by inducing genomic instability of resident stem cells.
Rola pracowników w zarządzaniu modelem otwartych innowacji
Authors: Iwaniuk Ewa 
Published: May 2021

Zarówno w teorii, jak i w praktyce wprowadzanie innowacji uznaje się za jeden z najważniejszych czynników we współczesnej działalności przedsiębiorstw decydującej o ich przetrwaniu i konkurencyjności. Niezbędne do wprowadzenia innowacji jest odpowiednie dobranie metod zarządzania, jakimi są modele zarządzania innowacjami. Odchodzi się od tradycyjnych modeli i uwagę poświęca nowym, jednym z nich jest otwarty model innowacji powstały na początku XXI w., wraz z którym zmieniło się podejście organizacyjne przedsiębiorstwa. Spowodował on zmiany w sposobie zarządzania zasobami ludzkimi poprzez odrzucenie tradycyjnego podejścia zarządzania pracownikami i wybranie nowoczesnych metod menedżerskich angażujących pracowników w tworzenie wartości dodanej dla przedsiębiorstwa. Celem niniejszego rozdziału jest przedstawienie roli pracowników na różnym szczeblach w przedsiębiorstwie stosującym model otwartych innowacji.
Zakaz lotów do Polski w czasie pandemii ­COVID-19 a decyzje podróżnych
Authors: Madras Katarzyna 
Published: May 2021

W niniejszej pracy skupiono się na wprowadzonym zakazie lądowania na terytorium Polski samolotów cywilnych wykonujących loty międzynarodowe w czasie pandemii ­COVID-19. Celem rozdziału jest zaprezentowanie postaw podróżnych w stosunku do wprowadzonego ograniczenia. W pracy przedstawiono próbę odpowiedzi na pytania: Czy polscy turyści zmieniali swoje plany wyjazdowe czy z nich zrezygnowali? Czy polscy turyści wierzą w istnienie pandemii ­COVID-19 i jak oceniają zagrożenie z nią związane? Jaki mają stosunek do zakazu lotów do Polski, wprowadzony przez polski rząd? Badanie opiera się na analizie dokumentów urzędowych i przekazów medialnych oraz na ankiecie przeprowadzonej na portalu społecznościowym.
Perceived stress and generalized anxiety in the Indian population due to lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Wakode Naina , Wakode Santosh , Santoshi John 
Published: May 2021

Background: Research on the psychosocial toll of the COVID-19 pandemic is being conducted in various countries. This study aimed to examine stress levels and causal stressors for perceived stress and generalized anxiety in the Indian population related to the lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A total of 300 adults were invited to participate in the online study via snowball and virtual snowball sampling. They were requested to complete electronic survey forms for assessing perceived stress and anxiety, and questions related to psychosocial stressors. Frequency and percentage were used for categorical variables. One-way ANOVA test was applied to compare responses based on gender, level of education, employment, and place of residence. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result: In total, 257 out of the 300 invited, responded and completed the survey. Men accounted for 58% (n=149) of the respondents. Overall, 84% (n=217) of participants had moderate to severe levels of perceived stress and 88% (n=228) had moderate to severe levels of anxiety. Women, as well as those not employed, reported significantly higher perceived stress and anxiety, urban residents reported higher perceived stress, while level of education had no difference in terms of perceived stress as well as anxiety. Fear of contracting COVID-19 was the highest stressor followed by difficulties in executing a routine exercise schedule and worry about the future. Conclusion: The psychosocial impact of the nationwide lockdown on the Indian population has been high. Vulnerable groups for increased stress and anxiety include women, younger ages, and the unemployed. The stressors recognized include fear of contracting COVID-19, inability to execute a routine exercise schedule and worry about the future.
Determinants of in-hospital death in patients with a thrombus straddling a patent foramen ovale: protocol of a systematic review
Authors: Jiménez-Ruiz Amado , Shah Palak , Gibson Andrew , Vargas-González Juan Camilo , Sposato Luciano A. 
Published: May 2021

Background: Thrombi identified on echocardiography at the time of straddling a patent foramen ovale (PFO) constitute a medical emergency with an associated imminent risk of death. Ischemic stroke (IS) and myocardial infarction (MI) occurring in patients with a thrombus straddling a PFO (TSPFO) may be associated with increased risk of in-hospital death. Variables associated with increased risk of death in women and men may be different. We will perform a systematic review of case reports and cases series of patients with a TSPFO to assess if IS and MI are associated with increased risk of in-hospital death and we will further stratify analyses by sex. Methods: This systematic review will include all case reports and case series of adult patients (18-year-old or older) with echocardiographic or pathological (e.g. at autopsy for older reports) evidence of a TSPFO published between inception and June 30, 2020, in any language. We will search in PubMed and Embase databases. Two reviewers will independently screen titles and abstracts, retrieve full texts, and extract the data in a predesigned form. We will apply a multivariable logistic regression analysis to estimate the association of IS and MI with in-hospital mortality. We will stratify analyses by sex. Discussion: IS and MI in patients with TSPFO could potentially be associated with worse outcomes if they are not timely identified or left untreated. Both acute IS and MI require specific treatment (e.g. thrombolysis, primary coronary intervention, or mechanical thrombectomy) that may be influenced by the therapy instituted for the TSPFO. Knowing the incidence of acute IS and MI among patients diagnosed with TSPFO and whether they are associated with an increased risk of death would help to improve the management of this medical emergency. Protocol registration: CRD42020216118, PROSPERO.
Design of a soft sensing technique for measuring pitch and yaw angular positions for a Twin Rotor MIMO System
Authors: Nayak Sneha , Vemulapalli Sravani , Venkata Santhosh Krishnan , Shankar Meghana 
Published: May 2021

Background: This paper presents a soft sensor design technique for estimation of pitch and yaw angular positions of a Twin Rotor MIMO System (TRMS). The objective of the proposed work was to calculate the value of pitch and yaw angular positions using a stochastic estimation technique. Methods: Measurements from optical sensors were used to measure fan blade rotations per minute (RPM). The Kalman filter, which is a stochastic estimator, was used in the proposed system and its results were compared with those of the Luenberger observer and neural network. The Twin Rotor MIMO System is a nonlinear system with significant cross coupling between its rotors. Results: The estimators were designed for the decoupled system and were applied in real life to the coupled TRMS. The convergence of estimation to the actual values was checked on a practical setup. The Kalman filter estimators were evaluated for various inputs and disturbances, and the results were corroborated in real time. Conclusion: From the proposed work it was seen that the Kalman filter had at least Integral Absolute Error (IAE), Integral Square Error (ISE), Integral Time Absolute Error (ITAE) as compared to the neural network and the Luenberger based observer.
Licensed Activities in the Field of Education
Authors: Feklin S. 
Published: May 2021

In accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, educational activities are subject to licensing, and if they are carried out without a license, administrative or criminal liability occurs.
At the same time, the legislator did not clearly formulate the definition of "educational activity", did not establish the criteria for distinguishing between educational and other similar activities, which in practice gives rise to the incorrect application of legislation and prosecution in disputable situations.
The author of the article, having studied the regulatory legal acts, having analyzed the practice of carrying out control and supervisory activities, presents a scientific view of activities in the field of education, which are subject to licensing.
Efficacy of common antiseptic solutions against clinically relevant microorganisms in biofilm
Authors: O’Donnell Jeffrey A. , Wu Mark , Cochrane Niall H. , Belay Elshaday , Myntti Matthew F. , James Garth A. , Ryan Sean P. , Seyler Thorsten M. 
Published: May 2021

Aims Periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) are among the most devastating complications after joint arthroplasty. There is limited evidence on the efficacy of different antiseptic solutions on reducing biofilm burden. The purpose of the present study was to test the efficacy of different antiseptic solutions against clinically relevant microorganisms in biofilm. Methods We conducted an in vitro study examining the efficacy of several antiseptic solutions against clinically relevant microorganisms. We tested antiseptic irrigants against nascent (four-hour) and mature (three-day) single-species biofilm created in vitro using a drip-flow reactor model. Results With regard to irrigant efficacy against biofilms, Povidone-iodine treatment resulted in greater reductions in nascent MRSA biofilms (logarithmic reduction (LR) = 3.12; p < 0.001) compared to other solutions. Bactisure treatment had the greatest reduction of mature Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms (LR = 1.94; p = 0.032) and a larger reduction than Vashe or Irrisept for mature Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms (LR = 2.12; p = 0.025). Pooled data for all biofilms tested resulted in Bactisure and Povidone-iodine with significantly greater reductions compared to Vashe, Prontosan, and Irrisept solutions (p < 0.001). Conclusion Treatment failure in PJI is often due to failure to clear the biofilm; antiseptics are often used as an adjunct to biofilm clearance. We tested irrigants against clinically relevant microorganisms in biofilm in vitro and showed significant differences in efficacy among the different solutions. Further clinical outcome data is necessary to determine whether these solutions can impact PJI outcome in vivo. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(5):908–915.
Radiological humeral adaptative changes five years after anatomical total shoulder arthroplasty using a standard-length cementless hydroxyapatite-coated humeral component
Authors: Nguyen Ngoc Tram V. , Martinez-Catalan Natalia , Songy Chad E. , Sanchez-Sotelo Joaquin 
Published: May 2021

Aims The purpose of this study was to report bone adaptive changes after anatomical total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) using a standard-length hydroxyapatite (HA)-coated humeral component, and to report on a computer-based analysis of radiographs to determine changes in peri-implant bone density objectively. Methods A total of 44 TSAs, performed between 2011 and 2014 using a cementless standard-length humeral component proximally coated with HA, were included. There were 23 males and 21 females with a mean age of 65 years (17 to 65). All shoulders had good quality radiographs at six weeks and five years postoperatively. Three observers graded bone adaptive changes. All radiographs were uploaded into a commercially available photographic software program. The grey value density of humeral radiological areas was corrected to the grey value density of the humeral component and compared over time. Results Stress shielding was graded as mild in 14 shoulders and moderate in three; the greater tuberosity was the predominant site for stress shielding. The mean metaphyseal and diaphyseal fill-fit ratios were 0.56 (SD 0.1) and 0.5 (SD 0.07), respectively. For shoulders with no radiologically visible stress shielding, the mean decrease in grey value in zones 1 and 7 was 20%, compared with 38% in shoulders with radiologically visible stress shielding. Conclusion The rate of moderate stress shielding was 7%, five years after implantation of a cementless standard-length HA-coated humeral component. Clinical observation of stress shielding identified on radiographs seems to represent a decrease in grey value of 25% or more. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(5):958–963.
Scapholunate ligament 360° procedure
Authors: Kakar Sanjeev , Logli Anthony L. , Ramazanian Taghi , Gaston Raymond Glenn , Fowler John R. 
Published: May 2021

AimsThe purpose was to evaluate early clinical, patient-reported, and radiological outcomes of the scapholunate ligament 360° tenodesis (SL 360) technique for treatment of scapholunate (SL) instability.MethodsWe studied the results of nine patients (eight males and one female with a mean age of 44.7 years (26 to 55)) who underwent the SL 360 procedure for reducible SL instability between January 2016 and June 2019, and who were identified from retrospective review of electronic medical records. Final follow-up of any kind was a mean of 33.7 months (12.0 to 51.3). Clinical, radiological, and patient-reported outcome data included visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain, Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH), Mayo Wrist Score (MWS), and Patient-Rated Wrist Examination (PRWE). Means were analyzed using paired t-test.ResultsBefore surgery, patients with SL instability were significantly impaired with respect to wrist flexion, extension, and grip strength (mean flexion, 51° (20° to 85°) vs 73° (45° to 90°); mean extension, 46° (15° to 70°) vs 66° (45° to 80°); mean grip strength, 25 kg (20 to 31) vs 50 kg (35 to 68) compared to the unaffected side). The mean SL gap (4.9 mm (2.3 to 7.3) vs 2.1 mm (1.6 to 2.9)) and mean SL angle (71° (59° to 105°) vs 50° (38° to 64°) were also significantly greater in the affected wrist. At final follow-up, there was mean improvement regarding clinical, radiological, and functional outcomes comparing preoperative to final postoperative values for the VAS for pain scale, QuickDASH, MWS, PRWE, and SL gap and SL angle.ConclusionIn our small series, the SL 360 procedure for reducible SL instability has favourable early clinical, patient-reported, and radiological outcomes at a mean of 33.7 months (12.0 to 51.3). The suture tape and tendon construct confers robust stability, permitting earlier mobilization without the inherent disadvantages of Kirschner wire stabilization. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(5):939–945.
The association of estimated cardiorespiratory fitness with COVID-19 incidence and mortality: A cohort study
Authors: Christensen Rebecca A. G. , Arneja Jasleen , St. Cyr Kate , Sturrock Shelby L. , Brooks Jennifer D. 
Published: May 2021

Background
It has been suggested that cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) may be used to identify those at greatest risk for severe COVID-19 illness. However, no study to date has examined the association between CRF and COVID-19. The objectives of this study were to determine whether CRF is independently associated with testing positive with or dying from COVID-19.

Methods
This is a prospective cohort study of 2,690 adults from the UK Biobank Study that were followed from March 16th, 2020 to July 26th, 2020. Participants who were tested for COVID-19 and had undergone CRF assessment were examined. CRF was estimated (eCRF) and categorized as low (<20th percentile), moderate (20th to 80th percentile) and high (≥80th percentile) within sex and ten-year age groups (e.g. 50–60 years). Participants were classified as having COVID-19 if they tested positive (primarily PCR tests) at an in-patient or out-patient setting as of July 26, 2020. Participants were classified as having died from COVID-19 if the primary or underlying cause of death was listed ICD-10 codes U071 or U072 by June 30th, 2020. Adjusted risk ratios (aRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated and a forward model building approach used to identify covariates.

Findings
There was no significant association between eCRF and testing positive for COVID-19. Conversely, individuals with moderate (aRR = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.25, 0.75) and high fitness (aRR = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.16, 0.85) had a significantly lower risk of dying from COVID-19 than those with low fitness.

Conclusions
While eCRF was not significantly associated with testing positive for COVID-19, we observed a significant dose-response between having higher eCRF and a decreased risk of dying from COVID-19. This suggests that prior gains in CRF could be protective against dying from COVID-19 should someone develop the virus.
Prevalence and factors associated with psychological burden in COVID-19 patients and their relatives: A prospective observational cohort study
Authors: Beck Katharina , Vincent Alessia , Becker Christoph , Keller Annalena , Cam Hasret , Schaefert Rainer , Reinhardt Thomas , Sutter Raoul , Tisljar Kai , Bassetti Stefano , Schuetz Philipp , Hunziker Sabina 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundDue to the dramatic measures accompanying isolation and the general uncertainty and fear associated with COVID-19, patients and relatives may be at high risk for adverse psychological outcomes. Until now there has been limited research focusing on the prevalence of psychological distress and associated factors in COVID-19 patients and their relatives. The objective of our study was to assess psychological distress in COVID-19 patients and their relatives 30 days after hospital discharge.MethodsIn this prospective observational cohort study at two Swiss tertiary-care hospitals we included consecutive adult patients hospitalized between March and June 2020 for a proven COVID-19 and their relatives. Psychological distress was defined as symptoms of anxiety and/or depression measured with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), i.e., a score of ≥8 on the depression and/or anxiety subscale. We further evaluated symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), defined as a score of ≥1.5 on the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R).ResultsAmong 126 included patients, 24 (19.1%) had psychological distress and 10 (8.7%) had symptoms of PTSD 30 days after hospital discharge. In multivariate logistic regression analyses three factors were independently associated with psychological distress in patients: resilience (OR 0.82; 95%CI 0.71 to 0.94; p = 0.005), high levels of perceived stress (OR 1.21; 95%CI 1.06 to 1.38; p = 0.006) and low frequency of contact with relatives (OR 7.67; 95%CI 1.42 to 41.58; p = 0.018). The model showed good discrimination, with an area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.92. Among 153 relatives, 35 (22.9%) showed symptoms of psychological distress, and 3 (2%) of PTSD. For relatives, resilience was negatively associated (OR 0.85; 95%CI 0.75 to 0.96; p = 0.007), whereas perceived overall burden caused by COVID-19 was positively associated with psychological distress (OR 1.72; 95%CI 1.31 to 2.25; p<0.001). The overall model also had good discrimination, with an AUC of 0.87.ConclusionA relevant number of COVID-19 patients as well as their relatives exhibited psychological distress 30 days after hospital discharge. These results might aid in development of strategies to prevent psychological distress in COVID-19 patients and their relatives.