bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hemodynamic Analysis of a Three-Point Suture During Tapering Technique for Microanastomosis Using Computational Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Yagi Shunjiro , Sasaki Takafumi , Fukuhara Takahiro , Fujii Kaori , Morita Maki , Fukuoka Kohei , Ikuta Kento , Umeda Ryunosuke , Kanayama Haruka , Suyama Yoshiko 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The tapering technique is one of the useful methods of anastomosing 2 vessels with large discrepancies during microanastomoses. When the tapering technique is used, a three-point suture is always present. The authors analyzed the most appropriate suture technique for this using computational fluid dynamics. This aspect has not previously been addressed. Three different suture techniques were simulated:
Vascular models of these 3 types were created. The streamline, wall shear stress, and oscillatory shear index at the anastomosis site were measured using a previously prepared venous model. Streamline disruption was most severe for Type II. In all 3 types, the highest wall shear stress was recorded at the suture peak protruding into the vessel. The maximum oscillatory shear index was highest in Type II, and lowest in Type III. The present results suggest that Type III is the best three-point suturing method for the tapering technique.
Association of Kidney Function With Major Postoperative Events After Noncardiac Ambulatory Surgeries
Authors: Harrison Tyrone G. , Hemmelgarn Brenda R. , James Matthew T. , Manns Braden J. , Tonelli Marcello , Brindle Mary E. , McCaughey Deirdre , Ruzycki Shannon M. , Zarnke Kelly B. , Wick James , Ronksley Paul E. 
Published: July 2021

Objective:
The aim of this study was to estimate the association between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) or death after ambulatory noncardiac surgery.

Summary Background Data:
People with chronic kidney disease (CKD) commonly undergo surgical procedures. Although most are performed in an ambulatory setting, the risk of major perioperative outcomes after ambulatory surgery for people with CKD is unknown.

Methods:
In this retrospective population-based cohort study using administrative health data from Alberta, Canada, we included adults with measured preoperative kidney function undergoing ambulatory noncardiac surgery between April 1, 2005 and February 28, 2017. Participants were categorized into 6 eGFR categories (in mL/min/1.73m2)of ≥60 (G1–2), 45 to 59 (G3a), 30 to 44 (G3b), 15 to 29 (G4), <15 not receiving dialysis (G5ND), and those receiving chronic dialysis (G5D). The odds of AMI or death within 30 days of surgery were estimated using multivariable generalized estimating equation models.

Results:
We identified 543,160 procedures in 323,521 people with a median age of 66 years (IQR 56–76); 52% were female. Overall, 2338 people (0.7%) died or had an AMI within 30 days of surgery. Compared with the G1–2 category, the adjusted odds ratio of death or AMI increased from 1.1 (95% confidence interval: 1.0–1.3) for G3a to 3.1 (2.6–3.6) for G5D. Emergency Department and Urgent Care Center visits within 30 days were frequent (17%), though similar across eGFR categories.

Conclusions:
Ambulatory surgery was associated with a low risk of major postoperative events. This risk was higher for people with CKD, which may inform their perioperative shared decision-making and management.
Postoperative opioid prescribing practices in US adult trauma patients: A systematic review
Authors: Rowe Scott , Zagales Israel , Fanfan Dino , Gargano Toria , Meneses Evander , Awan Muhammad , Zagales Ruth , McKenney Mark , Elkbuli Adel 
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND
Opioids have been proven effective in pain management, but overprescription can lead to addiction and abuse. Although current guidelines regarding opioid prescription for chronic and acute pain are available, they fail to address the use of opioids for pain management in traumatic injury patients who undergo operations. The primary objective of this study was to examine opioid prescribing practices for US adult trauma patients who require surgical management, based on prior history of opioid use, type of surgical practice, and age.

METHODS
PubMed and Cochrane Journals were used to identify relevant articles between October 2010 and December 29, 2020. Our primary outcome was discrepancies of morphine milligram equivalents (MMEs) prescribed to trauma patients. Significance was defined as p < 0.05.

RESULTS
Eleven studies on US trauma patients prescribed opioids were evaluated, creating a total of 30,249 patients stratified by prior opioid use, age, and race. Patterns seen among patients with prior opioid use include higher MMEs prescribed, lower likelihoods of opioid discontinuation, higher mortality rates, and higher complication rates. Orthopedic surgeons prescribed higher values of MMEs than nonorthopedic surgeons.

CONCLUSION
Higher incidences of opioid prescriptions are seen with orthopedic trauma surgery and prior opioid use by the patient. We recommend further development of national protocol implementation for acute pain management for the US trauma population.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Systematic review, level III.
Nocardioides malaquae sp. nov., a novel actinobacterium isolated from sewage sludge of a fisheries processing factory
Authors: Zhang Xinyin , Wu Zhicheng , Yan Cen , Chen Can , Zheng Gang , Ye Yanghui , Sun Cong , Wu Min 
Published: July 2021

A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic bacterial strain (Y6T) was isolated from a sewage sludge sample collected from a fisheries processing factory in Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province, PR China. The growth range of NaCl concentration was 0–6.0 % (w/v), with an optimum at 3.0 % (w/v). The temperature range for growth was 10–42 °C, with an optimum at 37 °C. The pH range for growth was pH 7.0–10.0, with an optimum at pH 9.0. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain Y6T belonged to the genus

Nocardioides

and showed the highest sequence similarity of 97.8 % to

Nocardioides jishulii

dk3136T. The average nucleotide identity and in silico DNA–DNA hybridization values between strain Y6T and the reference strains were 76.9–81.2 % and 20.6–23.6 %, respectively. Chemotaxonomic analysis indicated that the sole respiratory quinone was MK-8(H4) and the predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, 10-methyl-C17 : 0 and C18 : 1
ω9c. The polar lipid profile was composed of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, four unidentified phospholipids, three unidentified aminolipids and five unidentified lipids. The peptidoglycan was ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid. On the basis of the phenotypic, genotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic features, strain Y6T is considered to represent a novel species, for which the name Nocardioides malaquae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Y6T (=KCTC 49504T=MCCC 1K04765T).
Demonstrating an approach for evaluating synthetic geospatial and temporal epidemiologic data utility: Results from analyzing >1.8 million SARS-CoV-2 tests in the United States National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C)
Authors: Thomas Jason A. , Foraker Randi E. , Zamstein Noa , Payne Philip R.O. , Wilcox Adam B. ,   the N3C Consortium
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate whether synthetic data derived from a national COVID-19 data set could be used for geospatial and temporal epidemic analyses.Materials and MethodsUsing an original data set (n=1,854,968 SARS-CoV-2 tests) and its synthetic derivative, we compared key indicators of COVID-19 community spread through analysis of aggregate and zip-code level epidemic curves, patient characteristics and outcomes, distribution of tests by zip code, and indicator counts stratified by month and zip code. Similarity between the data was statistically and qualitatively evaluated.ResultsIn general, synthetic data closely matched original data for epidemic curves, patient characteristics, and outcomes. Synthetic data suppressed labels of zip codes with few total tests (mean=2.9±2.4; max=16 tests; 66% reduction of unique zip codes). Epidemic curves and monthly indicator counts were similar between synthetic and original data in a random sample of the most tested (top 1%; n=171) and for all unsuppressed zip codes (n=5,819), respectively. In small sample sizes, synthetic data utility was notably decreased.DiscussionAnalyses on the population-level and of densely-tested zip codes (which contained most of the data) were similar between original and synthetically-derived data sets. Analyses of sparsely-tested populations were less similar and had more data suppression.ConclusionIn general, synthetic data were successfully used to analyze geospatial and temporal trends. Analyses using small sample sizes or populations were limited, in part due to purposeful data label suppression -an attribute disclosure countermeasure. Users should consider data fitness for use in these cases.
Association of socioeconomic and environmental factors with the spatio-temporal variability of suicide rates along a latitudinal gradient
Authors: Estay Sergio A. , Ruiz-Aravena Manuel , Baader Tomas , Gotelli Marcelo , Heskia Cristobal , Olivares Juan Carlos , Rivera Gerardo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundSuicide results from complex interactions between biological, psychological, and socioeconomic factors. At the population level, the study of suicide rates and their environmental and social determinants allows us to disentangle some of these complexities and provides support for policy design and preventive actions.ObjectivesTo evaluate the associations between environmental and socioeconomic factors and demographically stratified suicide rates on large temporal and spatial scales.MethodThe dataset contains information about yearly suicides rates by sex and age from 2000 through 2017 along a 4,000 km latitudinal gradient. We used zero-inflated negative binomial models to evaluate the spatio-temporal influence of each environmental and socioeconomic variable on suicide rates at each sex/age combination.ResultsOverall, we found differential patterns of associations between suicide rates and explanatory variables by age and sex. Suicide rates in men increases in middle and high latitude regions and intermediate age classes. For adolescent and adult women, we found a similar pattern with an increase in suicide rates at middle and high latitudes. Sex differences measured by the male/female suicide rate ratio shows a marked increase with age. We found that cloudiness has a positive effect on suicide rates in both men and women 24 years old or younger. Regional poverty shows a major impact on men in age classes above 35 years old, an effect that was absent in women. Alcohol and marijuana consumption showed no significant effect sizes.ConclusionsOur findings support high spatio-temporal variability in suicide rates in interaction with extrinsic factors. Several strong differential impacts of environmental and socioeconomic variables on suicide rates depending on sex and age were detected. These results suggest that the design of public policies and interventions to mitigate the impact of the studied variables need to consider the local social and environmental contexts of target populations.
COVID-19 Due to Wild-Type SARS-CoV-2 More Prevalent in Adolescents and Youth than in Older Adults Based on 19 US States in Fall 2020 Prior to Vaccine Availability
Authors: Rumain Barbara , Schneiderman Moshe , Geliebter Allan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPURPOSEIn a prior study, we examined data from six US states during Summer 2020, and found that prevalence of COVID-19 for adolescents and youth was significantly greater than for older adults (p<.00001) as was a prevalence-related measure: Number of cases observed ÷ Number of cases expected (p<.005). We now extended our study to more states in Fall 2020 to confirm the prevalence relationships we found previously. Vaccines were still not available as of Fall 2020. Presumably, the SARS-CoV-2 strain circulating at the time was the wild-type lineage since no variants were reported in the US until the end of December 2020.METHODSWe examined data from 19 U.S. states experiencing surges in cases to determine prevalence of COVID-19, and a prevalence-related measure: [Number of cases observed in a given age group] ÷ [Number of cases expected in the age group based on population demographics].RESULTSIn 16 of the 19 states, we found that: (1) prevalence of COVID-19 for adolescents and youth was significantly greater than for older adults (p-values ranged from p<0.00001 to p = 0.0175; (2) the ratio of cases observed to cases expected was significantly greater in adolescents and youth than in older adults (p-values ranging from p< 0.00001 to p = 0.004).CONCLUSIONSOur results are consistent with our previous study in Summer 2020. The finding of lower prevalence in older adults cannot be attributed to access to vaccination since our data are from Fall 2020 when vaccinations were not yet available. Our findings with the SARS-CoV-2 wild-type strain are consistent with the findings currently being reported in the UK for the delta variant. In both studies, prevalence in adolescents and youth exceeded that in older adults. The UK findings are more pronounced perhaps because that study transpired following months of vaccinations of older adults whereas ours occurred before vaccinations were available.
Elucidating Post-COVID-19 manifestations in India
Authors: Fatima Ghizal , Bhatt Divyansh , Idrees Jaserah , Khalid Bushra , Mahdi Farzana 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn India, a large number of patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), presented with common symptoms including fever, dyspnea, cough, musculoskeletal symptoms (fatigue, myalgia, joint pain) and gastrointestinal symptoms. However, information is lacking on symptoms that persist after recovery from COVID-19. In this study we assessed symptoms that persisted in patients even after their recovery and discharged from the hospital after one month from COVID-19.MethodsThis study is an observational cohort study. Participants in this study were enrolled between 30 to 40 days after recovery from COVID-19 of ≥18 years of age, who were hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed RT-PCR COVID-19 disease. Outcomes from post COVID-19 participants were elicited through questionnaire that consisted of three main parts beginning from subject’s demographical data, depicting about the status of COVID-19 and other co-morbidities of the subject, and about post-COVID-19 symptoms and manifestations.ResultsAll subjects have reported some manifestation after recovery from COVID-19 whereas numerous symptoms and diseases were experienced by a great percentage of participants. Fatigue (56.25%), dyspnea (74.3%) and disturbed sleep (64.3%) were among the most common symptoms. However, more critical manifestations like renal failure and pulmonary fibrosis were reported by only a few percent of the subjects. Rating of worse physical and mental health after post-COVID recovery was also reported by subjects. There was a strong relationship found in between the presence of other co-morbidities before infection like diabetes, hypertension and in disease severity after infection. A total of 280 patients were enrolled and 160 completed the survey.ConclusionsPost COVID-19 sufferers often experience symptoms that cause a disturbance in their physical health, mental health and their respiratory status for several weeks even after recovery from COVID-19. Therefore, all subjects after recovering from COVID-19 should undergo long-term monitoring programme for their symptoms and condition improvement.
Antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and BNT162b2 vaccine in Israel
Authors: Shapira Guy , Hamad Ramzia Abu , Weiner Chen , Rainy Nir , Sorek-Abramovich Reut , Benveniste-Levkovitz Patricia , Chaim Adina Bar , Shomron Noam 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNeutralizing antibodies targeting the Spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) block viral entry to host cells, preventing disease and further spread of the pathogen. The presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in serum is a reliable indicator of infection, used epidemiologically to estimate the prevalence of infection and clinically as a measurement of an antigen-specific immune response. In this study, we analyzed serum Spike protein-specific IgG antibodies from 26,170 samples, including convalescent individuals who had coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and recipients of the BNT162b2 vaccine. We find distinct serological patterns in COVID-19 convalescent and vaccinated individuals, correlated with age and gender and the presence symptoms.
POST-COVID-19 SYNDROME, INFLAMMATORY MARKERS AND SEX DIFFERENCES
Authors: Maamar Meryam , Artime Arancha , Pariente Emilio , Fierro Patricia , Ruiz Yolanda , Gutiérrez Silvia , González Roberto , Bustamante Elena , Pinedo Gabriel , Rodríguez Blanca , Peña Alvaro , Gómez Miguel A , Urarte Celeste , Pérez-Pajares Isabel , Tobalina Marian , Secada Carmen , Díaz-Salazar Sara , Pini Stefanie , Ramos Carmen , Olmos José M , Hernández José L 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTINTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVEPost-COVID syndrome (PCS) is a poorly-known entity. Underlying low-grade inflammation (LGI) has been theorized as one of its pathophysiological mechanisms. We aimed to investigate a possible relationship between PCS and an increase in inflammation markers, in a sex-stratified analysis.PARTICIPANTS AND METHODSMild cases of COVID-19 according to the WHO classification followed-up in a Primary Care Center, were included. We collected epidemiological data (age, sex, body mass index -BMI-, smoking, and comorbidities -Charlson index-), variables of the acute COVID-19 episode, and data at 3 months of follow-up (clinical manifestations and inflammatory markers). Serum C-reactive protein (CRP), neutrophil and lymphocyte counts, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), ferritin, fibrinogen, and D-dimer levels were analyzed. Low-grade inflammation (LGI) was defined as serum CRP between >0.3 and <1.0 mg/dL. Five composite indices were built combining the upper ranges of 4 markers. Bivariate and multivariate analyses (logistic regression and general linear models) were performed, stratified by sex.RESULTSWe analyzed 121 subjects with mild COVID-19 (56.2% women; mean age 46 years). The most common symptom in the acute episode was fever (60.3%), while it was fatigue in PCS (42.8%). Prevalence of PCS was 35.8% in women and 20.8% in men (p = 0.07).In women, after controlling for age, BMI, smoking, and comorbidities, the D1, D3, and D4 indices were consistently associated with PCS, with ORs of 5.14 (95% CI, 1.6-16.4), 4.20 (95% CI, 1.3-13.3), and 4.12 (95% CI, 1.3-13.1), respectively; in patients with post-COVID anosmia and ageusia, neutrophils were significantly elevated (3.43±0.3 vs 2.58±0.1; p = 0.014, and 3.89±0.3 vs 2.59±0.1; p = 0.002,respectively), after adjusting for confounders.In men, the D2 and D5 indices were associated with PCS, with adjusted ORs of 10.1 (95% CI, 1.2-85) and 17.5 (95% CI, 2-153), respectively. Furthermore, serum CRP in the LGI range was associated with PCS [adjusted OR=12.9 (95% CI, 1.3-121)], and in post-COVID persistent fatigue, the neutrophil count was significantly elevated (4.68±0.6 vs 3.37±0.1; p = 0.041), after controlling for confounders.CONCLUSIONSConsistent associations among PCS, anosmia, ageusia, and fatigue, with slight -but significant-elevated levels of inflammatory markers, have been observed. The neutrophil count was the most frequently involved marker. Sex-stratified analyses showed relevant differences between women and men concerning PCS and serum inflammatory markers.
Loneliness among people with severe mental ill health during the COVID-19 pandemic: results from a linked UK population cohort study
Authors: Heron Paul N. , Spanakis Panagiotis , Crosland Suzanne , Johnston Gordon , Newbronner Elizabeth , Wadman Ruth , Walker Lauren , Gilbody Simon , Peckham Emily 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurposePopulation surveys underrepresent people with severe mental ill health. This paper aims to explore perceived social support and loneliness and factor associations during the Covid-19 pandemic in a sample of individuals with severe mental ill health.Design/methodology/approachWe sampled an already existing cohort of people with severe mental ill health. Researchers contacted participants by phone or by post to invite them to take part in a survey about how the pandemic restrictions had impacted health, Covid-19 experiences, perceived social support, employment and loneliness. Loneliness was measured by the three item UCLA loneliness scale.FindingsIn the pandemic sub-cohort, 367 adults with a severe mental ill health diagnosis completed a remote survey. 29-34% of participants reported being lonely. Loneliness was associated with being younger in age (adjusted OR = -.98, p = .02), living alone (adjusted OR = 2.04, p = .01), high levels of social and economic deprivation (adjusted OR = 2.49, p = .04), and lower perceived social support (B = -5.86, p < .001). Living alone was associated with lower perceived social support. Being lonely was associated with a self-reported deterioration in mental health during the pandemic (adjusted OR = 3.46, 95%CI 2.03-5.91).Practical implicationsIntervention strategies to tackle loneliness in the severe mental ill health population are needed. Further research is needed to follow-up the severe mental ill health population after pandemic restrictions are lifted to understand perceived social support and loneliness trends.OriginalityLoneliness was a substantial problem for the severe mental ill health population before the Covid-19 pandemic but there is limited evidence to understand perceived social support and loneliness trends during the pandemic.
Soil conditions drive belowground trait space in temperate agricultural grasslands
Authors: Lachaise Tom , Bergmann Joana , Hölzel Norbert , Klaus Valentin H. , Kleinebecker Till , Rillig Matthias C. , van Kleunen Mark 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPlant belowground organs perform essential functions, including water and nutrient uptake, anchorage, vegetative reproduction and recruitment of mutualistic soil microbiota. Determining how belowground traits jointly determine dimensions of the trait space and how these dimensions are linked to environmental conditions would further advance our understanding of plant functioning and community assembly.Here, we investigated belowground plant-trait dimensionality and its variation along 10 soil and land-use parameters in 150 temperate grasslands plots. We used eight belowground traits collected in greenhouse and common garden experiments, as well as bud-bank size and specific leaf area from databases, for a total of 313 species, to calculate community weighted means (CWMs).Using PCA, we found that about 55% of variance in CWMs was explained by two main dimensions, corresponding to a mycorrhizal ‘collaboration’ and a resource ‘conservation’ gradient. Frequently overlooked traits such as rooting depth, bud-bank size and root branching intensity were largely integrated in this bidimensional trait space. The two plant-strategy gradients were partially dependent on each other, with ‘outsourcing’ communities along the collaboration gradient being more often ‘slow’. These ‘outsourcing’ communities were also more often deep-rooting, and associated with soil parameters, such as low moisture and sand content, high topsoil pH, high C:N and low δ15N. ‘Slow’ communities had large bud-banks and were associated with low land-use intensity, high topsoil pH, and low nitrate but high ammonium concentrations in the soil. We did not find a substantial role of phosphorus-availability as an indicator along the ‘collaboration’ gradient.In conclusion, the ‘collaboration’ and ‘conservation’ gradients previously identified at the species level scale up to community level in grasslands, encompass more traits than previously described, and vary with the environment.