bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The oxytocin system and early‐life experience‐dependent plastic changes
Authors: Onaka Tatsushi , Takayanagi Yuki 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEarly‐life experience influences social and emotional behaviour in adulthood. Affiliative tactile stimuli in early life facilitate the development of social and emotional behaviour, whereas early‐life adverse stimuli have been shown to increase the risk of various diseases in later life. On the other hand, oxytocin has been shown to have organizational actions during early‐life stages. However, the detailed mechanisms of the effects of early‐life experience and oxytocin remain unclear. Here, we review the effects of affiliative tactile stimuli during the neonatal period and neonatal oxytocin treatment on the activity of the oxytocin–oxytocin receptor system and social or emotional behaviour in adulthood. Both affiliative tactile stimuli and early‐life adverse stimuli in the neonatal period acutely activate the oxytocin–oxytocin receptor system in the brain but modulate social behaviour and anxiety‐related behaviour apparently in an opposite direction in adulthood. Accumulating evidence suggests that affiliative tactile stimuli and exogenous application of oxytocin in early‐life stages induce higher activity of the oxytocin–oxytocin receptor system in adulthood, although the effects are dependent on experimental procedures, sex, dosages and brain regions examined. On the other hand, early‐life stressful stimuli appear to induce reduced activity of the oxytocin–oxytocin receptor system, possibly leading to adverse actions in adulthood. It is possible that activation of a specific oxytocin system can induce beneficial actions against early‐life maltreatments and thus could be used for the treatment of developmental psychiatric disorders.
Transient hypopharyngeal intrabolus pressurization patterns: Clinically relevant or normal variant?
Authors: Omari Taher , Rommel Nathalie , Jan Tack , Szczesniak Michal , Wu Peter , Schar Mistyka , Doeltgen Sebastian , Cock Charles 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionIn oropharyngeal dysphagia, impaired pharyngoesophageal junction (PEJ) opening is reflected by an elevated hypopharyngeal intrabolus pressure (IBP), quantifiable using pharyngeal high‐resolution manometry with impedance (P‐HRM‐I). Transient intrabolus pressurization (TP) phenomena are not sustained and last for only a brief period. We hypothesized that TP patterns reflect impaired coordination between timing of hypopharyngeal bolus arrival and PEJ relaxation.MethodsA retrospective audit was conducted of P‐HRM‐I datasets; 93 asymptomatic Controls and 214 Patients with differing etiological/clinical backgrounds were included. TP patterns were examined during 10ml liquid swallows. TP was defined by a simultaneous, non‐sustained, pressurization wave spanning from the velo‐/meso‐pharynx to PEJ. The coordination between deglutitive pharyngeal bolus distension and PEJ relaxation timing was assessed using timing variables; (i) Distention‐Contraction Latency (DCL, s) and (ii) PEJ Relaxation Time (RT, s). Resultant flow resistance was quantified (IBP, mmHg).ResultsTP swallows were observed in 87 (28%) cases. DCL was not significantly different in relation to TP, while PEJ relaxation time was shorter, and IBP was higher during TP swallows. In Patients RT‐DCL time difference correlated with IBP (r −0.368, p < 0.01).ConclusionBolus distension and PEJ relaxation were miss‐timed during TP swallows, impeding bolus flow and leading to a brief period of pressurization of the pharyngeal chamber by muscular propulsive forces. While TP swallows were identified in both Controls and Patients, increased IBPs were most apparent for Patient swallows indicating that the extent of IBP increase may differentiate pathological TP swallows.
NLRP3‐mediated dysfunction of mitochondria leads to cell death in CFT073‐stimulated macrophages
Authors: Verma Vivek , Kumar Parveen , Gupta Surbhi , Yadav Sonal , Dhanda Rakesh Singh , Yadav Manisha 
Published: October 2021

AbstractUrinary tract infections (UTIs) are commonly caused by uropathogenic E coli (UPEC), which uses different mechanisms to invade and damage hosts. NLRP3 inflammasome activation is a double‐edged sword, although beneficial in the clearance of dysfunctional cells or pathogens but results in severe pathologies, if unchecked. NLRP3 inflammasome plays a critical role in UPEC‐mediated inflammatory cell death during UPEC infection, though the effects of its activation are not clearly understood yet. Inflammatory response usually involves Signal‐I (MyD88, TRIF and NF‐κB signalling) and Signal‐II (Inflammasome oligomerization) which is induced by the pathogen‐associated molecular patterns during infection. We observed that proIL‐1β and mature IL‐1β remained unchanged on inhibition of MyD88 and TRIF‐dependent signalling in CFT073‐insulted THP‐1m. However, inhibition of NF‐κB pathway resulted in concomitant reduction in both pro‐ and cleaved forms of IL‐1β in cellular extracts but there was no change in IL‐1 β secretion. Interestingly, inhibition of NLRP3 completely abolished the maturation and release of cleaved form of IL‐1β. Additionally, NLRP3‐mediated mitochondrial dysfunction (increased mito‐ROS and mitochondrial hyperpolarization) resulting in cell death was induced in CFT073‐insulted THP‐1m, which was rescued upon inhibition of NLRP3 activation. Therefore, we have concluded that UPEC uses a different signal‐I pathway (other than MyD88 and TRIF), while NLRP3 inflammasome is the major signal‐II for the induction of inflammatory response. Further, this study signifies the importance of NLRP3‐mediated mitochondrial dysfunction in CFT073‐induced inflammatory cell death of macrophages, which could be rescued through inhibition of NLRP3 activation.
Studying European Radical Left Parties since the Fall of the Berlin Wall (1990–2019): A Scoping Review
Authors: Lourenço Pedro 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe 2008 economic crisis brought an increasing support for some European radical left parties (RLPs) and renewed academic attention to this party family. This article retrospectively assesses the literature on RLPs by conducting a scoping review under the following research question: How have European radical left parties been studied since the fall of the Berlin Wall (1989)? Using an adapted version of the PRISMA framework, it analyzes 197 articles published between 1990 and 2019 to show that, despite the growing scholarship, significant gaps persist in the literature. Important aspects of RLPs have yet to be explored (e.g. party organization, policy impact), while uneven geographic coverage has left some relevant countries and parties in the background. By providing an overview of the field, it identifies new avenues for future research on the topic and shows how scoping reviews can be a method of interest also for political scientists.
Advances in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Newell Laura F , Cook Rachel J 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an uncommon but potentially catastrophic diagnosis with historically high mortality rates. The standard of care treatment remained unchanged for decades; however, recent discoveries of molecular drivers of leukemogenesis and disease progression have led to novel therapies for AML. Ongoing research and clinical trials are actively seeking to personalize therapy by identifying molecular targets, discovering patient specific and disease specific risk factors, and identifying effective combinations of modalities and drugs. This review focuses on important updates in diagnostic and disease classifications that reflect new understanding of the biology of AML, its mutational heterogeneity, some important genetic and environmental risk factors, and new treatment options including cytotoxic chemotherapy, novel targeted agents, and cellular therapies.
Influence of stress history on undrained cyclic shear strength evolution
Authors: Sahdi Fauzan , Tom Joe , Hou Zhechen , Bransby Fraser , Gaudin Christophe , Watson Phillip 
Published: October 2021

Offshore infrastructure often interacts cyclically with the seabed over the operational life of a project. Previous research on the evolution of soil’s undrained strength under long-term, large-amplitude cyclic loading has focused on contractile clays and demonstrated that this cyclic interaction can lead to the initial generation and later dissipation of positive excess pore pressure in the soil. This process generally leads to an initial strength reduction, with subsequent densification and soil strength gains that can have consequences on the performance of seabed infrastructure during its design life. In this paper, new experimental data from T-bar penetrometer testing in kaolin and reconstituted Gulf of Mexico clays is presented. The data illustrate how the stress history, quantified via the overconsolidation ratio, affects soil strength changes during large-amplitude cyclic loading. The experiments explore both long-term continuous loading cycles and episodic loading with packets of undrained cycles followed by quiescent consolidation periods. A critical state-based framework is used to interpret the experimental data and provide predictions of the long-term steady-state strength of both soils as a function of the initial in situ state of the soil.
Origin of Fe–Ni–Cu (Co) sulfide and Fe–Ti oxide minerals in the
c.
1.77 Ga dolerite dyke, Singhbhum Craton (eastern India)
Authors: Dey Arnab , Mondal Sisir K. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Dolerite dyke swarms are widespread within the Singhbhum Craton (eastern India) that emplaced from the Neoarchean to Paleoproterozoic era just after the stabilization of crust before
c.
3 Ga. These dyke swarms are oriented in NE–SW to NNE–SSW, NW–SE to WNW–ESE, east–west and north–south directions. The WNW–ESE-trending
c.
1.77 Ga Pipilia dyke swarm is sampled from the Satkosia area of Orissa state. The dyke shows a noticeable disparity in terms of the modal proportion and grain size of pyroxenes, plagioclase, Fe–Ti oxide minerals and texture across the trend. In places the primary silicates are altered to secondary hydrated mineral assemblages of amphibole, chlorite and sericite. The primary silicates are clinopyroxene (augite – Mg# = 65.7–82.6; En
37–48
Fs
11–17
Wo
36–41
), orthopyroxene (clinoenstatite – Mg# = 68.5–78; En
63–70
Fs
20–29
Wo
4–5
) and plagioclase (An
11–39
Ab
44–82
Or
1–7
) and the Fe–Ti oxides are titanomagnetite (FeO, 34.38–39.50 wt%; Fe
2
O
3
, 48.26–56.21 wt%; TiO
2
, 5.05–9.60 wt%) and ilmenite (FeO, 40.75–43.79 wt%; Fe
2
O
3
, 3.54–10.03 wt%; TiO
2
, 47.82–50.87 wt%). Application of two-pyroxene thermometry yields an equilibration temperature range of 1065–978°C, and coexisting titanomagnetite–ilmenite pairs reveal 731.39–573.37°C under the oxygen fugacity (
f
O
2
) condition NNO + 0.3 to FMQ − 1.03. The dyke contains disseminated sulfides at the interstices of Fe–Ti oxides and silicates. Major sulfide minerals are pyrite, chalcopyrite and vaesite; pyrite–vaesite assemblages occur in association with secondary silicate minerals. Pyrite grains contain variable concentrations of Co (0.01–5.70 wt%) and Ni (0.02–1.95 wt%). Coexisting vaesite contains Co (2.42–10.44 wt%), Ni (26.40–47.88 wt%) and Fe (7.32–26.55 wt%). Texture, sulfide–silicate assemblage and the presence of low metal/S sulfides such as the pyrite–vaesite assemblage indicate that primary Fe–Ni sulfides (pyrrhotite–pentlandite) that segregated from immiscible sulfide liquid at high temperature are modified by late magmatic/hydrothermal fluid activities. Numerous sulfide-bearing deposits hosted in ultramafic–mafic intrusions of Paleoproterozoic age have been recorded globally and the occurrence of Fe–Ni sulfides in the
c.
1.77 Ga Pipilia dyke swarm in the Singhbhum Craton enhances the exploration potential of this craton in eastern India.
Dose of Cardiac Rehabilitation to Reduce Mortality and Morbidity: A Population‐Based Study
Authors: Medina‐Inojosa Jose R. , Grace Sherry L. , Supervia Marta , Stokin Gorazd , Bonikowske Amanda R. , Thomas Randal , Lopez‐Jimenez Francisco 
Published: October 2021

Background
There is wide variability in cardiac rehabilitation (CR) dose (ie, number of sessions) delivered, and no evidence‐based recommendations regarding what dose to prescribe. We aimed to test what CR dose impacts major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs).

Methods and Results

This is an historical cohort study of all patients who had coronary artery disease and who initiated supervised CR between 2002 and 2012 from a single major CR center. CR dose was defined as number of visits including exercise and patient education. Follow‐up was performed using record linkage from the Rochester Epidemiology Project. MACEs included acute myocardial infarction, unstable angina, ventricular arrhythmias, stroke, revascularization, or all‐cause mortality. Dose was analyzed in several ways, including tertiles, categories, and as a continuous variable. Cox models were adjusted for factors associated with dose and MACE. The cohort consisted of 2345 patients, who attended a mean of 12.5±11.1 of 36 prescribed sessions. After a mean follow‐up of 6 years, 695 (29.65%) patients had a MACE, including 231 who died. CR dose was inversely associated with MACE (hazard ratio, 0.66 [95% CI]; 0.55–0.91) in those completing ≥20 sessions, when compared with those not exposed to formal exercise sessions (≤1 session; log‐rank
P
=0.007). We did not find evidence of nonlinearity (
P
≥0.050), suggesting no minimal threshold nor ceiling. Each additional session was associated with a lower rate of MACE (fully adjusted hazard ratio, 0.98 [95% CI, 0.97–0.99]). Greater session frequency was also associated with lower MACE risk (fully adjusted hazard ratio, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.58–0.94]).

Conclusions
CR reduces MACEs, but the benefit appears to be linear, with greater risk reduction with higher doses, and no upper threshold.
Validation of the 4‐Item PRECISE‐DAPT Score: A SWEDEHEART Study
Authors: Wester Axel , Mohammad Moman A. , Olivecrona Göran , Holmqvist Jasminka , Yndigegn Troels , Koul Sasha 
Published: October 2021

Background
The Predicting Bleeding Complications in Patients Undergoing Stent Implantation and Subsequent Dual Antiplatelet Therapy (PRECISE‐DAPT) score has been shown to predict out‐of‐hospital major bleeding after myocardial infarction treated with percutaneous coronary intervention and dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT). However, large validation studies have been scarce and the discriminative ability for patients with a preexisting bleeding risk factor (elderly, underweight, women, anemia, kidney dysfunction, or cancer) in a real‐world setting is unknown.

Methods and Results

Patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for myocardial infarction between 2008 and 2017 were included from the SWEDEHEART (Swedish Web System for Enhancement of Evidence‐Based Care in Heart Disease Evaluated According to Recommended Therapies) registry (n=66 295). The predictive value of the PRECISE‐DAPT score for rehospitalization with major bleeding during dual antiplatelet therapy was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic analyses. A high PRECISE‐DAPT score (≥25; n=13 894) was associated with increased risk of major bleeding (3.9% versus 1.8%; hazard ratio [HR], 2.2; 95% CI, 2.0–2.5;
P
<0.001) compared with a non‐high score (<25; n=52 401). The score demonstrated a c‐statistic of 0.64 (95% CI, 0.63–0.66). The discriminative ability of the score to further stratify bleeding risk in patients with preexisting bleeding risk factors was poor, especially in patients who are elderly (c‐statistic=0.57; 95% CI, 0.55–0.60) or underweight (c‐statistic=0.56; 95% CI, 0.51–0.61), for whom a non‐high PRECISE‐DAPT score was associated with similar bleeding risk as a high PRECISE‐DAPT score in the general myocardial infarction population.

Conclusions
In this nationwide population‐based study, the PRECISE‐DAPT score performed moderately in the general myocardial infarction population and poorly in patients with preexisting bleeding risk factors, where its usefulness seems limited.
No Racial Disparity in Outcome Measures After Endovascular Treatment for Stroke in the Elderly
Authors: Mohammaden Mahmoud H. , Haussen Diogo C. , Pisani Leonardo , Al-Bayati Alhamza R. , Bianchi Nicolas , Liberato Bernardo , Bhatt Nirav , Frankel Michael R. , Nogueira Raul G. 
Published: October 2021

Background and Purpose:
Despite the lower rates of good outcomes and higher mortality in elderly patients, age does not modify the treatment effect of mechanical thrombectomy for large vessel occlusion strokes. We aimed to study whether racial background influences the outcome after mechanical thrombectomy in the elderly population.

Methods:
We reviewed a prospectively maintained database of patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with mechanical thrombectomy from October 2010 through June 2020 to identify all consecutive patients with age ≥80 years and anterior circulation large vessel occlusion strokes. The patients were categorized according to their race as Black and White. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to define the predictors of 90-day modified Rankin Scale and mortality in the overall population and in each race separately.

Results:

Among 2241 mechanical thrombectomy, a total of 344 patients (median [interquartile range]; age 85 [82–88] years, baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score of 19 [15–23], Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score 9 [7–9], 69.5% females) were eligible for the analysis. White patients (n=251; 73%) had significantly lower median body mass index (25.37 versus 26.89,
P
=0.04) and less frequent hypertension (78.9% versus 90.3%,
P
=0.01) but more atrial fibrillation (64.5% versus 44.1%,
P
=0.001) compared with African Americans (n=93; 27%). Other clinical, imaging, and procedural characteristics were comparable between groups. The rates of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage, 90-day modified Rankin Scale score of 0 to 2, and mortality were comparable among both groups. On multivariable analysis, race was neither a predictor of 90-day modified Rankin Scale score of 0 to 2 (White race: odds ratio, 0.899 [95% CI, 0.409–1.974],
P
=0.79) nor 90-day mortality (White race: odds ratio, 1.368; [95% CI, 0.715–2.618],
P
=0.34).

Conclusions:
In elderly patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke, there was no racial difference in terms of outcome.
Host suitability of summer cover crops to Meloidogyne arenaria, M. enterolobii, M. incognita and M. javanica
Authors: Bui Hung X. , Desaeger Johan A. 
Published: October 2021

Summary
Cover crops can be a useful tool for managing plant-parasitic nematodes provided they are poor or non-hosts for the target nematode species. A glasshouse experiment was done to determine the host status of four common cover crops in Florida, sunn hemp, cowpea, sorghum sudangrass and sunflower, to pure populations of four common tropical root-knot nematode (RKN) species Meloidogyne javanica (Mj), M. incognita (Mi), M. enterolobii (Me) and M. arenaria (Ma). Tomato was included as a susceptible control. Eight weeks after nematode inoculation (WAI), tomato showed the highest root gall damage for all tested RKN species, with gall indices (GI) between 7 (Ma) and 8.5 (Me) and reproduction factor (RF) ranging from 20 (Ma) to 50 (Mj). No visible root galls were observed for any of the RKN species on sunn hemp and sorghum sudangrass at 8 WAI. However, Mj and Mi were able to reproduce slightly on sorghum sudangrass (RF = 0.02 and 0.79, respectively). Sunflower and cowpea were infected by all four tested RKN species, but host suitability varied. Sunflower root galling ranged from 1.1 (Me) to 4.5 (Mj) and RF = 3.2 (Me) to 28.7 (Mj), while cowpea root galling ranged from 0.6 (Mi) to 5.1 (Me) and RF = 0.8 (Mi) to 67.3 (Mj). Sunn hemp and, to a lesser extent, sorghum sudangrass were poor hosts to all four tested RKN species. Sunflower was a good host to all RKN species, but root gall damage and RF were lowest for Me. Cowpea was a good host to Mj, Me and Ma, but a poor host to Mi. Our results confirm and stress the importance of RKN species identification when selecting cover crops as an RKN management strategy.
Identification of entomopathogenic nematodes and their symbiotic bacteria in national parks of Thailand, and mosquitocidal activity of Xenorhabdus griffiniae against Aedes aegypti larvae
Authors: Thanwisai Aunchalee , Muangpat Paramaporn , Dumidae Abdulhakam , Subkrasae Chanakan , Ardpairin Jiranun , Tandhavanant Sarunporn , Vitta Apichat 
Published: October 2021

Summary
Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) Steinernema and Heterorhabditis with symbionts with Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus bacteria, respectively, are reported as biocontrol agents for insect control. The objectives of this study were to identify EPN and their symbiotic bacteria in national parks of Phitsanulok Province, Thailand, and to test how Xenorhabdus isolates attack Aedes aegypti larvae. We collected 810 soil samples from four national parks. The juvenile stage of EPN was isolated from soil samples using a baiting technique with Galleria mellonella followed by a White trap. Partial regions of 28S rDNA and internal transcript spacer were sequenced to identify EPN, and recA sequencing was used to discriminate between Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus. We found that 74 of the 810 soil samples (9.1%) were positive for the EPN. The EPN were molecularly identified as S. surkhetense, S. longicaudum, H. indica and Heterorhabditis sp. SGmg3, and their symbiotic bacteria were identified as X. stockiae, X. griffiniae, X. indica, X. vietnamensis, P. luminescens subsp. akhurstii, and P. temperata subsp. temperata. Xenorhabdus griffiniae showed potential larvicidal activity against A. aegypti (91% mortality at 72 and 96 h after exposure). This study demonstrates the diversity of EPN and symbiotic bacteria in national parks of Thailand and the potential to use X. griffiniae as a biocontrol agent to kill A. aegypti larvae.
Devibursaphelenchus alienae n. sp. isolated from the bark of dead Quercus aliena in Japan
Authors: Kanzaki Natsumi , Hamaguchi Keiko , Takeuchi-Kaneko Yuko 
Published: October 2021

Summary
A new Devibursaphelenchus species isolated from the bark of a dead Quercus aliena, which had been infected and killed by Japanese oak wilt, was collected in Shiga, Japan. The new species is characterised by the relatively large body in males (661-768 μm) and females (893-1071 μm), conspicuous male bursal flap, male spicule with long condylus and wide blade, female post-vulval uterine sac (PUS) 39-54 μm or 1.6-2.3 times the vulval body diam. long, vestigial female anus, and female tail forming a strongly ventrally recurved elongate conoid with bluntly pointed or narrowly rounded terminus. The new species is typologically similar to D. lini, sharing a large body, conspicuous bursal flap, long PUS, and spicule shape, but can be distinguished from it by the absence of variation in the female tail shape, i.e., the tail of the new species is always long and strongly ventrally curved, while the tail shape varies more in D. lini. A previous molecular phylogenetic analysis suggested that the new species is fairly close to D. lini, but can be distinguished from it by the 1.0% (16 bp) difference within 1.6 kb of the 18S and 3.7% (26 bps) difference within 0.7 kb of the D2-D3 LSU ribosomal RNA genes. The newly found nematode is described and illustrated herein as D. alienae n. sp.