bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of risk factors and gene mutation characteristics of different metastatic sites of lung cancer
Authors: Wang Bin , Chen Shu , Xiao He , Zhang Jiao , Liang Dandan , Shan Jinlu , Zou Hua 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRisk factors vary in terms of the pattern of lung cancer metastasis and specific metastatic organs. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed the clinical risk factors of tumor metastasis in lung cancer patients and used second‐generation gene sequencing to characterize relevant gene mutations. The risk factors of different metastatic sites of real‐world lung cancer were explored to find the differentially expressed genes and risk factors in different metastatic organs, which laid a foundation for further study on the metastasis patterns and mechanisms of lung cancer. The clinical risk factors of tumor metastasis in 137 lung cancer patients who attended our department from May 2017 to March 2019 were retrospectively analyzed and grouped based on bone metastasis, brain metastasis, other distant metastasis, and no metastasis. Single‐ or multi‐factor logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the effect of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio/platelet/lymphocyte ratio/lymphocyte to monocyte ratio on platelets (PLTs) and bone metastasis by combining PLT values, age, pathology type, gender, and smoking history. Based on the presence or absence of bone metastasis, distal metastasis, and PLT values of lung cancer, 39 tissue specimens of primary lung cancer were taken for 773 gene grouping and gene mutation characterization. The tumor mutation load, gene copy number instability, microsatellite instability, and tumor heterogeneity among different groups were analyzed. Age and PLT level were independent risk factors for bone metastasis and distal metastasis, but not for brain metastasis. The RB1 gene was mutated during bone metastasis, and tumor heterogeneity was less in the elevated PLT group. PLT values were an independent risk factor for distant metastases from lung cancer other than the brain. Age has a significant effect on bone metastasis formation. RB1 gene mutation was significantly associated with bone metastasis.
Comprehensive diagnostic catheterization in children with major aortopulmonary collateral arteries: A review of catheterization technique and anatomic nomenclature
Authors: Adamson Gregory T. , Peng Lynn F. , Perry Stanton B. , Hanley Frank L. , McElhinney Doff B. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAchieving an optimal surgical result in patients with major aortopulmonary collateral arteries (MAPCAs) requires a thorough preoperative evaluation of the anatomy and physiology of the pulmonary circulation. This review provides a detailed description of diagnostic catheterization in patients with MAPCAs, including a summary of catheterization techniques, an overview of commonly used terms, and a review of MAPCA and pulmonary artery angiographic anatomy.
Chorioamnionitis and neonatal sepsis due to extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase‐producing Escherichia coli infection: a case report
Authors: Shittu Saheed Akinola , Athar Sufia , Shaukat Adila , Alansari Lolwa 
Published: November 2021

AbstractChorioamnionitis is an acute inflammation of the membranes and chorion of the placenta typically due to ascending polymicrobial infection in the setting of membrane rupture. It is a common complication of pregnancy associated with significant maternal, perinatal, and long‐term adverse outcomes. We present a case of placental infection leading to preterm delivery, severe neonatal sepsis, maternal wound infection, postnatal readmission, and prolonged hospital stay. This virulent infection was caused by multidrug–resistant extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase (ESBL)‐producing Escherichia Coli (E. Coli), which represent a major worldwide threat according to the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). It was managed with appropriate antibiotic therapy, patient‐centered approach, and multidisciplinary team involvement that led to favourable maternal and neonatal outcome.
Bronchopleural fistula causing persistent pneumothorax in COVID‐19 pneumonia patient with no risk factors
Authors: Habib Mhd Baraa , Mohammad Obeidat Ibrahim , Ali Khaled , Abdelrazek Mohamed , Mohamed Mouhand F. H. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAlthough pneumothorax is a well‐known complication of COVID‐19 pneumonia especially in patients requiring mechanical ventilation, bronchopleural fistula causing persistent pneumothorax in sole COVID‐19 pneumonia is extremely rare. In this case, we illustrate that bronchopleural fistula can be found in COVID‐19 pneumonia, even with no risk factors nor mechanical ventilation administration.
Effect of the branching morphology of a cationic polymer flocculant synthesized by controlled reversible‐deactivation radical polymerization on the flocculation and dewatering of dilute mature fine tailings
Authors: Nguyen Benjamin , Soares João B. P. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOne of the methods used to treat oil sands tailings is to add water‐soluble polymer flocculants to create large flocs that settle to the bottom of the ponds, allowing the supernatant water to be recovered and reused in the oil extraction process. However, a systematic study of how polymer branching affects flocculation has not yet been done to date. Poly((vinylbenzyl)trimethylammonium chloride) (PVB), a cationic and partially hydrophobic polymer, is the focus of this paper. Its positive charges make it adsorb strongly on the negatively charged clay particles, and its partial hydrophobicity produces flocs that retain less water. We synthesized PVB in linear, 3‐arm star, and 4‐arm star configurations using activators regenerated by electron transfer atom transfer radical polymerization. The 3‐arm star polymer outperformed its linear counterpart at every dosage in the initial settling rate tests, while the 4‐arm star polymer performed well only at high dosages. All polymers had similar dewatering performances.
Highly Stereoselective C‐Glycosylation by Photocatalytic Decarboxylative Alkynylation on Anomeric Position: A Facile Access to Alkynyl C‐Glycosides
Authors: Lu KaiLin , Ma Yingying , Liu Shihui , Guo Shixun , Zhang Yongqiang 
Published: November 2021

Comprehensive SummaryThe highly stereoselective synthesis of diverse medicinally valuable alkynyl C‐glycosides under mild and green reaction conditions remains a great challenge. Herein, we wish to report a visible‐light induced photocatalytic decarboxylative alkynylation approach. By utilizing an iridium photocatalyst in the presence of visible light, glycosyl radicals are in‐situ generated via the decarboxylation of anomeric acids and efficiently coupled with a variety of ethynylbenziodoxolones (EBXs), which allows the facile synthesis of a variety of alkynyl C‐glycosides in moderate to high yields and with excellent diastereoselectivity.
Functional Hyperbranched Polythioamides Synthesized from Catalyst‐free Multicomponent Polymerization of Elemental Sulfur†
Authors: Liu Shangrun , Li Fengting , Cao Wenxia , Hu Rongrong , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: November 2021

Comprehensive SummaryHyperbranched polymers with unique topological structures, large number of branching sites and terminal groups have attracted much attention, and are expected to possess advanced functionalities compared with their linear polymer counterparts. The development of hyperbranched polymers is hence highly desired but challenging, especially for sulfur‐containing polymers which are attractive metal absorbents, optical materials, dielectric materials, and self‐healing materials. In this work, six hyperbranched polythioamides with various topological structures, well‐defined repeating units, satisfying yields (up to 99%), and high molecular weights (up to 101400 g/mol) were successfully designed and synthesized from the catalyst‐free multicomponent polymerization of elemental sulfur, aromatic alkynes and aliphatic amines, through different monomer combination strategies based on the designed three‐ or four‐functional alkyne and amine monomers. The hyperbranched polythioamides possess unique luminescence property, and strong affinity toward Hg2+, which can be utilized in the fluorescence detection of Hg2+, as well as mercury removal from aqueous solutions with high efficiency of 99.99% and low mercury residue of 0.1 ppb. Hyperbranched polythioamides with unique structures may be developed to a group of fascinating materials and find their potential applications as metal absorbents and optoelectronic materials.
Visually Intracellular Detection of Telomerase Activity Based onDNAStrand Displacement Reaction and Gold Nanoparticle Labeling
Authors: Zhang Yajun , Yan Shen , Chen Zhaoxin , Jiang Xin , Rao Shuang , Jiang Zhuoran , Qin Shanshan , Zhou Xiang , Du Yuhao 
Published: November 2021

Comprehensive SummaryTelomerase, which is regarded as a common biomarker for early cancer diagnostics and a potential target for clinical therapies, has attracted considerable interests concerning its detection and monitoring. Herein, we propose a sensitive method by designing a gold nanoparticle (AuNP) probe for visually intracellular detection of telomerase activity. The AuNPs were functionalized with a telomerase substrate primer (SH‐prime). A 6‐carboxy‐fluorescein (FAM) modified strand (FAM‐probe) was attached to the surface of AuNP through its complementary stand (SH‐attach).In the absence of telomerase, the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) from FAM to AuNPs results in efficient fluorescence quenching. In the presence of telomerase, SH‐primers on AuNPs were extended with the repeat units (TTAGGG)n. The extension sequence triggered the strand displacement of FAM‐probe to restore the fluorescence signals. It is worth mentioning that the proposed strategy does not need to design complex hairpin structure and allows the measurement of telomerase in crude cell extracts down to 0.5 HeLa cells/μL in 2 h. In addition, the present sensing platform can be applied to the visually intracellular detection of telomerase activity in living cells.
Discovery of a Potent Botulinum Neurotoxin A Inhibitor ZM299 with Effective Protections in Botulism Mice
Authors: Wang Jianxin , Wu Yuelin , Luo Deyan , Zhuang Chunlin , Ning Nianzhi , Zhang Yanming , He Zhili , Gao Jie , Hong Zhanying , Xv Xiguo , Zhang Wannian , Li Tao , Miao Zhenyuan , Wang Hui 
Published: November 2021

Comprehensive SummaryBotulinum neurotoxins serotype A (BoNT/A) is the deadliest toxins known to humans and the "Category A" agent for bioterrorism. Over the past 20 years, significant efforts have been put forth to develop effective inhibitors of BoNT/A. Unfortunately, few identified inhibitors possess noteworthy efficacy against BoNT/A in vivo. Here, we performed a high‐throughput virtual screening based on the structure‐based docking simulations and found a novel potent scaffold 2‐thionicotinate that inhibits the BoNT/A light chain (LC). We then synthesized and optimized a novel series of 2‐thionicotinate derivatives and comprehensively evaluated their activity against BoNT/A in vitro and in vivo. An optimized compound ZM299 effectively exhibits anti‐BoNT/A activity in primary neurons and displayed remarkably therapeutic efficacy against BoNT/A in vivo, which could raise the survival rate of intoxicated mice to 100% (12/12) after lethal doses of BoNT/A exposures. These findings demonstrate that 2‐thionicotinates is a promising scaffold for producing more effective anti‐BoNT/A analogs, and compound ZM299 is worthy of further preclinical evaluation as a drug candidate for the treatment of botulism.
Diagnostic sensitivity and risk of malignancy for bile duct brushings categorized by the Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology System for reporting pancreaticobiliary cytopathology
Authors: Layfield Lester J. , Zhang Tao , Esebua Magda 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe Papanicolaou Society of cytopathology developed a six‐category system for pancreaticobiliary cytology specimens. Each category is associated with a definition, diagnostic criteria, estimated risk of malignancy and management recommendations. Risks of malignancy are well defined for specimens obtained by fine‐needle aspiration but are less well defined for brushing specimens.MethodsDiagnoses of 232 brushing specimens of the pancreatic and bile ducts were correlated with diagnoses from subsequent surgical or cytologic specimens. Sensitivity for the brushing technique was calculated. Risk of malignancy was calculated for each category using the original definitions for nondiagnostic and negative categories and for those of a modified system.ResultsDiagnostic sensitivity was 60%–64%. Risk of malignancy for the nondiagnostic, negative, atypical, suspicious for malignancy, and malignant categories was 28%, 28%, 61%, 91%, and 91%, respectively, when the original category definitions were used.ConclusionsDiagnostic sensitivity for duct brushings is low in comparison to fine‐needle aspiration. Risk of malignancy is comparable to that of needle aspiration for the negative, atypical and suspicious categories but lower for the malignant category. There is a stepwise increase in malignancy risk as one moves from the negative to the atypical to the suspicious for malignancy categories.
Atypia in pulmonary cytology: Morphologic spectrum and causes
Authors: Layfield Lester J. , Baloch Zubair 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe term “atypical” has had a long history of usage in cytology but has had variable definitions and usage. Most commonly the term was used to indicate a degree of cytomorphologic abnormality greater than that clearly due to reactive or reparative changes but not associated with a high concern on the part of the cytopathologist that a malignancy is present. The Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology System for Reporting Respiratory Cytology provided a foundation for using the category “Atypical” along with the category “Suspicious for Malignancy” to categorize the spectrum of morphologic changes ranging from those which are clearly benign to those that are clearly malignant. The two intermediate categories of “Atypical” and “Suspicious for Malignancy” have characteristic recommendations resulting in clinical utility for both categories.ConclusionThe Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology System for Reporting Respiratory Cytology represents a useful system with defined intermediate categories of Atypical and Suspicious for Malignancy.
Three‐dimensional visualization of secondary neurulation in chick embryos using microCT
Authors: Choi Sejin , Kim Kyung Hyun , Kim Seung‐Ki , Wang Kyu‐Chang , Lee Ji Yeoun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundDefects in secondary neurulation play an important role in neural tube defects. Researchers have investigated the processes of secondary neurulation and caudal body formation mainly by microscopic observations and molecular experiments. Although conventional histology is a powerful tool for observing the details of morphology, it has limitations in the presentation of gross three‐dimensional (3D) configurations of small embryos. The goal of this study was to visualize secondary neurulation and related structures in chick embryos in Hamburger and Hamilton (HH) stages 10–22 using microCT.ResultsThe gross morphology of the chick embryo of various developmental stages was well visualized using microCT. Also, the detailed structures of the caudal cell mass (CCM) were presented starting from HH stage 12 to stage 16. The spatiotemporal relationship of CCM with the floor plate of the neural tube and notochord was shown. The dynamic changes of the chordoneural hinge, the cavitation of the secondary neural tube, and the primitive streak were described throughout the early stages of secondary neurulation.ConclusionsBy utilizing the advantages of the microCT technique, our study shed light on the secondary neurulation in early‐stage chick embryos and this can be the 3D reference for related structures.
Linking population dynamics models with empirically derived models through phytoplankton primary production
Authors: Genkai‐Kato Motomi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThere are alternative methods for estimation of phytoplankton primary production (PP) that are fundamentally different in the calculation approach. The process‐oriented PP model is a mechanistic, empirically derived method based on the photosynthesis–light relationships. The population dynamics‐based PP calculation, which is a synthetic method, provides a production estimate based on population dynamics of phytoplankton. These alternative methods were here compared with regard to production estimates and linked to enhance the performance of the existing models of population dynamics applied to a wide variety of lakes worldwide in terms of morphometry, nutrient status, and light environments. Estimates of PP were shown to be sensitive to changes in phytoplankton sinking and zooplankton grazing rates in both methods. Production estimates in the process‐oriented PP model were also sensitive to light‐associated parameters such as day length. Although the production estimated from the population dynamics‐based PP calculation tended to be lower than that from the process‐oriented PP model irrespective of lake morphometry, production estimates calculated from both methods with standard parameterization were comparable when production was estimated on an annual timescale. However, it was also shown that the alternative methods could produce different production estimates when estimated on shorter timescales such as cyanobacterial blooms in summer. Cyanobacteria with low mortality due to grazing and sinking losses have been considered as trophic bottlenecks, but there is increasing evidence that their mortality is, to a considerable extent, due to parasitic pathogens. In the case of cyanobacterial blooms, an addition of parasite‐related loss term (19%–33% of standing stock) resulted in a resolution of the difference in production estimates between the methods. These analyses theoretically support the critical role of parasitism and resolve the bottleneck problem in aquatic ecosystem metabolism.
Kinship, dear enemies, and costly combat: The effects of relatedness on territorial overlap and aggression in a cooperative breeder
Authors: Humphries David J. , Nelson‐Flower Martha J. , Bell Matthew B. V. , Finch Fiona M. , Ridley Amanda R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMany species maintain territories, but the degree of overlap between territories and the level of aggression displayed in territorial conflicts can vary widely, even within species. Greater territorial overlap may occur when neighboring territory holders are close relatives. Animals may also differentiate neighbors from strangers, with more familiar neighbors eliciting less‐aggressive responses during territorial conflicts (the “dear enemy” effect). However, research is lacking in how both kinship and overlap affect territorial conflicts, especially in group‐living species. Here, we investigate kinship, territorial overlap, and territorial conflict in a habituated wild population of group‐living cooperatively breeding birds, the southern pied babbler Turdoides bicolor. We find that close kin neighbors are beneficial. Territories overlap more when neighboring groups are close kin, and these larger overlaps with kin confer larger territories (an effect not seen for overlaps with unrelated groups). Overall, territorial conflict is costly, causing significant decreases in body mass, but conflicts with kin are shorter than those conducted with nonkin. Conflicts with more familiar unrelated neighbors are also shorter, indicating these neighbors are “dear enemies.” However, kinship modulates the “dear enemy” effect; even when kin are encountered less frequently, kin elicit less‐aggressive responses, similar to the “dear enemy” effect. Kin selection appears to be a main influence on territorial behavior in this species. Groups derive kin‐selected benefits from decreased conflicts and maintain larger territories when overlapping with kin, though not when overlapping with nonkin. More generally, it is possible that kinship extends the “dear enemy” effect in animal societies.
GAD65 autoantibodies and glucose tolerance in offspring born to women with and without type 1 diabetes (The EPICOM study)
Authors: Knorr Sine , Lydolph Magnus C. , Bytoft Birgitte , Lohse Zuzana , Clausen Tine D. , Jensen Rikke Beck , Damm Peter , Højlund Kurt , Jensen Dorte M. , Gravholt Claus H. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The aims of this study were to examine presence of GAD65 autoantibodies (GAD65aab) in offspring born to women with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and controls and if more were GAD65aab‐positive if diagnosed with diabetes or pre‐diabetes. This EPICOM study is a prospective follow‐up study focussing on pregnancies complicated by maternal T1D. The EPICOM study includes offspring (n = 278) born to mothers with pre‐gestational T1D between 1993 and 1999 and matched un‐exposed controls (n = 303). Age at the time of follow‐up was 16.7 years (13.0–20.4 years). GAD65aab was measured using the Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase Autoantibody RIA kit from RSR©. An Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) was performed, and abnormal glucose tolerance was defined as having either diabetes, impaired fasting glucose (IFG) or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). GAD65aab could be measured in 561 participants. Of these, 17 (3%) were positive for GAD65aab (≥25 U/ml) with 11 (4%) offspring being born to women with T1D and 6 (2%) controls. The difference in GAD65aab status was not statistically significant (p = .2). One was diagnosed with GAD65aab‐negative diabetes during the study, 18 were diagnosed with IFG, and 44 with IGT. Overall, more were GAD65aab‐positive if diagnosed with abnormal glucose tolerance (p = .03). We found no association between GAD65aab status and HOMA‐IR, HOMA‐IS, birthweight, mode of delivery or maternal BMI prior to pregnancy. Our study found no overall difference in GAD65 status between offspring born to women with T1D and their matched controls. However, among the participants diagnosed with pre‐diabetes more were GAD65‐positive.
The Reactivity of the Metal Oxide‐Water and Mineral‐Water Interfaces – An Inorganic/Coordination Viewpoint
Authors: Avena Marcelo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe reactivity of the metal oxide‐water interface and that of the mineral‐water interface can be understood from the viewpoint of coordination chemistry, comparing the reactivity of a metal ion belonging to the surface of a solid with the reactivity of the same metal ion dissolved in an aqueous solution. Ligand substitution reactions are key reactions for metal complexes in solution and metal complexes at the surface. At the surface, these processes lead to the formation of adsorbed species, which can be identified by different surface spectroscopic techniques. Surface reactions, such as proton adsorption‐desorption and anion and cation adsorption‐desorption, are easily understood in this context. With the aid of kinetic measurements performed by ATR‐FTIR, it is shown that adsorption‐desorption reactions should take place through dissociative (D), associative (A), or interchange mechanisms (Id, Ia), as they also occur in solution.