bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An approximate CNTFET 4:2 compressor based on gate diffusion input and dynamic threshold
Authors: Rafiee Mahmood , Sadeghi Yaqhoub , Shiri Nabiollah , Sadeghi Ayoub 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHere, a new 4:2 approximate compressor is presented by the gate diffusion input (GDI) technique. Although GDI cells suffer from threshold voltage drop, the dynamic threshold approach and carbon nanotube field‐effect transistors are merged to overcome the mentioned problem. The proposed cell has full‐swing outputs, while its error and power delay product are at low rates. Therefore, low voltage multipliers that are used in image processing can benefit from the proposed compressor.
Coordination of non‐directional overcurrent relays and fuses in active distribution networks considering reverse short‐circuit currents of DGs
Authors: Ghotbi‐Maleki Mahdi , Mohammadi Chabanloo Reza , Taheri Mohammad Reza , Zeineldin Hatem H. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAbstractThe main protection equipment in radial distribution networks are non‐directional overcurrent relays (NDOCR) and fuses which are coordinated using the conventional protection coordination method. By installing distributed generations (DGs) in the network, reverse short‐circuit currents (SCC), injected from DGs, can lead to false tripping of NDOCRs and false melting of fuses. In the previous studies, some methods have been proposed to overcome these issues using directional overcurrent relays, fault current limiter, and adaptive methods that relay on communication. The present paper proposes a new coordination method to prevent these issues without the need for installing a new equipment, by proposing a new set of selectivity constraints. Here, selectivity between equipment is established, and false tripping and false melting issues are mitigated. The coordination of protection equipment according to the proposed method requires the use of optimization algorithms, and therefore, the proposed method is formulated as a mixed‐integer linear programming method to take advantage of mathematical optimization algorithms. The proposed coordination method is applied to a real distribution network and the results indicate the high efficiency of the proposed method in dealing with false relay tripping and fuse melting issues.
Reversible data hiding for encrypted image based on adaptive prediction error coding
Authors: Tang Zhenjun , Pang Mingyuan , Yu Chunqiang , Fan Guijin , Zhang Xianquan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractReversible data hiding (RDH) is a useful technique of data security. Embedding capacity is one of the most important performance of RDH for encrypted image. Many existing RDH algorithms for encrypted image do not reach desirable embedding capacity yet. To address this problem, a new RDH algorithm is proposed for encrypted image based on adaptive prediction error coding. The proposed RDH algorithm uses a block‐based encryption scheme to preserve spatial correlation of original image in the encrypted domain and exploits a novel technique called adaptive prediction error coding to vacate room for data embedding. A key contribution of the proposed RDH algorithm is the adaptive prediction error coding. It can efficiently vacate room from encrypted image block by adaptively coding prediction errors according to block content and thus contributes to a large embedding capacity. Many experiments on benchmark image databases are done to validate performance of the proposed RDH algorithm. The results show that the average embedding rates on the open databases of UCID, BOSSBase and BOWS‐2 are 1.7081, 2.4437 and 2.3083 bpp, respectively. Comparison results illustrate that the proposed RDH algorithm outperforms some state‐of‐the‐art RDH algorithms in embedding capacity.
Plant leaf classification and retrieval using multi‐scale shape descriptor
Authors: Xu Guoqing , Li Chen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPlant leaf classification is a significant and challenging research problem in computer vision area. In this study, an original multi‐scale shape descriptor is presented to perform leaf classification and retrieval. Firstly, a novel iterative rule is proposed as scales generation method, which is parameter free. Secondly, leaf contour points are represented by angle information which is calculated using their neighbour points under each scale. The angle information representation is invariant to image rotation, translation and scaling. More importantly, it can describe leaf in a hierarchical way by capturing leaf features from global to local variations. Then Fast Fourier Transform operation is applied to make the representation more compact and independent from starting point. Subsequently, for leaf retrieval the dissimilarity of each pair of leaf under each scale is computed using city block metric. And support vector machine is used as classifier for leaf classification. Finally, experiments and comparisons with multiple state‐of‐the‐art approaches are performed. The classification accuracy was 96.85% and 93.56% respectively on Swedish and Flavia leaf datasets. The mean average precision score was 66.42%, 76.69% and 44.14% respectively on Flavia, Swedish and MEW2012 leaf datasets. The results demonstrate that the proposed method has excellent performance.
Gaseous nebulae and massive stars in the giant H I ring in Leo
Authors: Corbelli Edvige , Mannucci Filippo , Thilker David , Cresci Giovanni , Venturi Giacomo 
Published: May 2021

Context.Chemical abundances in the Leo ring, the largest H Icloud in the local Universe, have recently been determined to be close to or above Solar values. This is a finding that is incompatible with prior claims that the ring was primordial in origin. The gas, pre-enriched in a galactic disk and tidally stripped, did not manage to efficiently form stars in the intergalactic space.Aims.Using Hαemission and a multi-wavelengths analysis of its extremely faint optical counterpart, we investigate the process of star formation and the slow build-up of a stellar population that could form diffuse and metal-rich dwarf galaxies in the Leo ring.Methods.We mapped nebular lines in three dense H Iclumps and complemented the data with archival stellar continuum observations from the Galaxy Evolution Explorer and theHubbleSpace Telescope, as well as with population synthesis models.Results.We detect a sparse population of stars in the main body of the ring, with individual young stars as massive as O7-types powering some H IIregions. The average star-formation rate density in the ring is on order of 10−5M⊙yr−1kpc−2and proceeds with local bursts a few hundred parsecs in size, where loose stellar associations of 500−1000M⊙occasionally host massive outliers. The far ultraviolet-to-Hαemission ratio in nebular regions implies recent stellar bursts, from 2 to 7 Myr ago. The relation between the local H Igas density and the star-formation rate in the ring is similar to what is found in dwarfs and outer disks with gas depletion times as long as 100 Gyr. We find a candidate planetary nebula in a compact and faint Hαregion with [OIII]/Hαline enhancement, which is consistent with the estimated mean stellar surface brightness of the ring. The presence of a 1 kpc partial ring that is emitting weak Hαlines around the brightest and youngest H IIregion suggests that local shocks might triggers future star-forming sites.
A MUSE view of the asymmetric jet from HD 163296
Authors: Xie C. , Haffert S. Y. , de Boer J. , Kenworthy M. A. , Brinchmann J. , Girard J. , Snellen I. A. G. , Keller C. U. 
Published: May 2021

Context. Jets and outflows are thought to play important roles in regulating star formation and disk evolution. An important question is how the jets are launched. HD 163296 is a well-studied Herbig Ae star that hosts proto-planet candidates, a protoplanetary disk, a protostellar jet, and a molecular outflow, which makes it an excellent laboratory for studying jets.
Aims. We aim to characterize the jet at the inner regions and check if there are large differences with the features at large separations. A secondary objective is to demonstrate the performance of Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) in high-contrast imaging of extended line emission.
Methods. MUSE in the narrow field mode (NFM) can provide observations at optical wavelengths with high spatial (∼75 mas) and medium spectral (R ∼ 2500) resolution. With the high-resolution spectral differential imaging technique, we can characterize the kinematic structures and physical conditions of jets down to 100 mas.
Results. We detect multiple atomic lines in two new knots, B3 and A4, at distances of < 4″ from the host star with MUSE. The derived Ṁjet/Ṁacc is about 0.08 and 0.06 for knots B3 and A4, respectively. The observed [Ca II]/[S II] ratios indicate that there is no sign of dust grains at distances of < 4″. Assuming the A4 knot traced the streamline, we can estimate a jet radius at the origin by fitting the half width half maximum of the jet, which sets an upper limit of 2.2 au on the size of the launching region. Although MUSE has the ability to detect the velocity shifts caused by high- and low-velocity components, we found no significant evidence of velocity decrease transverse to the jet direction in our 500 s MUSE observation.
Conclusions. Our work demonstrates the capability of using MUSE NFM observations for the detailed study of stellar jets in the optical down to 100 mas. The derived Ṁjet/Ṁacc, no dust grain, and jet radius at the star support the magneto-centrifugal models as a launching mechanism for the jet.
Arbeitszufriedenheit und Burnout-Risiko bei nicht ärztlichem Endoskopiefachpersonal in deutschen Kliniken und Praxen: Ergebnisse einer bundesweiten Umfrage
Authors: Adarkwah Charles Christian , Labenz Joachim , Beilenhoff Ulrike , Pfeifer Ute , Birkner Berndt , Hirsch Oliver 
Published: May 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Arbeitskräfte im medizinischen Bereich sind mit immer größer werdenden Herausforderungen konfrontiert. Zudem besteht vielerorts ein Fachkräftemangel, sodass immer mehr auch das Endoskopiefachpersonal dem Risiko ausgesetzt ist, Burnout-Symptome zu entwickeln. Über die Arbeitszufriedenheit und Burnout-Prävalenz bei Endoskopiefachpersonal ist bislang wenig bekannt. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht das Burnout-Risiko sowie die Arbeitszufriedenheit unter Fachpersonal in deutschen Endoskopieabteilungen und -Praxen.
Methodik Es wurde ein Online-Survey unter Endoskopiefachpersonal durchgeführt, das zu einem nennenswerten Anteil in der DEGEA (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Endoskopiefachberufe e. V.) organisiert ist. Neben allgemeinen demografischen Variablen wurde die Arbeitszufriedenheit mit Hilfe des Kurzfragebogens zur Erfassung von Allgemeiner und Facettenspezifischer Arbeitszufriedenheit (KAFA), und das Burnout-Risiko mithilfe des Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI-D) ermittelt und mit Strukturmerkmalen korreliert.
Ergebnisse Es nahm eine repräsentative Stichprobe an der Befragung teil (n = 674). Es zeigte sich insgesamt ein hohes Maß an Arbeitszufriedenheit bei eher höheren Burnout-Risiken, wobei Personal in leitenden Funktionen insgesamt besser abschnitt. Kollegialität und zumeist flache Hierarchien wurden von dem überwiegenden Teil der Befragten als positive Aspekte ihrer Tätigkeit angeführt. Dennoch bezeichneten 65 % ihre Entwicklungsmöglichkeiten als nicht leistungsgerecht, 20 % als quasi nicht vorhanden. Über 30 % der Befragten empfanden ihre Vergütung als nicht adäquat.
Schlussfolgerung Es konnten repräsentative Daten für die Situation in deutschen Endoskopieabteilungen erhoben werden. Trotz der Tatsache, dass im Mittel die Arbeitszufriedenheitswerte hoch sind bei geringem Burnout-Risiko, v. a. im Vergleich zu anderen Berufsgruppen, sollten gerade die oft benannten Kritikpunkte bzgl. fehlender Entwicklungsmöglichkeiten und einer nicht leistungsgerechten Bezahlung ernst genommen und Maßnahmen dagegen entwickelt werden, um langfristig nicht die Versorgung im Bereich der Endoskopie zu gefährden.
Hybrid-PEG – Erfahrungen nach über 300 Hybrid-PEGs an der Charité
Authors: Kishta Jorgert , Reich Viktoria , Bojarski Christian 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Hybrid-PEG kombiniert die Vorteile der Gastropexie mit denen der klassischen Fadendurchzugs-PEG. Die Patientensicherheit wird durch die Hybrid-PEG erhöht und Komplikationen eines alleinigen Fadendurchzugs werden deutlich reduziert.
Fußball – neue Wege in der Prävention und Behandlung des Typ-2-Diabetes
Authors: Müssig Karsten , Adamek Henning E. 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungÜber die Hälfte der Bevölkerung in westlichen Ländern ist übergewichtig, und nahezu jeder Vierte ist adipös. In den nächsten Jahren wird es deshalb zu einem enormen Anstieg der Zahl an nicht übertragbaren Erkrankungen wie Diabetes, kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen und Krebs kommen. Eine ausgewogene Ernährung, begleitet von regelmäßiger Bewegung, ist entscheidend bei der Prävention der Entwicklung und des Fortschreitens nicht übertragbarer Erkrankungen. Gesundheitsfördernde Programme besitzen eine große Bedeutung bei der langfristigen Verbesserung des Gesundheitsstatus unserer Bevölkerung, jedoch nehmen insbesondere Männer selten an gesundheitsfördernden Programmen teil. Deshalb gilt es nach neuen Wegen zu suchen, um effizienter Menschen mit einem erhöhten Risiko zu erreichen. Fußball verfügt über ein großes Potenzial, Menschen und vor allem Männer mit einem erhöhten Risiko für nicht übertragbare Erkrankungen, die üblichen gesundheitsfördernden Maßnahmen ablehnend gegenüberstehen, für die Teilnahme an Gesundheitsprogrammen zu gewinnen. Für ältere Spieler ist Walking Football eine neue Fußball-Variante mit einem geringeren Risiko für Verletzungen und eine körperliche Überlastung. Die vorliegende Arbeit gibt einen Überblick über die metabolischen Auswirkungen von Freizeitfußball und insbesondere Walking Football sowie Maßnahmen zur Gesundheitsförderung, die von professionellen Fußballvereinen angeboten werden, bei Menschen mit einem erhöhten Risiko für oder mit bereits bestehenden nicht übertragbaren Erkrankungen, wie insbesondere Typ-2-Diabetes.
Continuous Analysis of Marathon Running Using Inertial Sensors:
Hitting Two Walls?
Authors: Meyer Frédéric , Falbriard Mathieu , Mariani Benoit , Aminian Kamiar , Millet Gregoire P. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMarathon running involves complex mechanisms that cannot be measured with
objective metrics or laboratory equipment. The emergence of wearable sensors
introduced new opportunities, allowing the continuous recording of relevant
parameters. The present study aimed to assess the evolution of stride-by-stride
spatio-temporal parameters, stiffness, and foot strike angle during a marathon
and determine possible abrupt changes in running patterns. Twelve recreational
runners were equipped with a Global Navigation Satellite System watch, and two
inertial measurement units clamped on each foot during a marathon race. Data
were split into eight 5-km sections and only level parts were analyzed. We
observed gradual increases in contact time and duty factor as well as decreases
in flight time, swing time, stride length, speed, maximal vertical force and
stiffness during the race. Surprisingly, the average foot strike angle
decreased during the race, but each participant maintained a rearfoot strike
until the end. Two abrupt changes were also detected around km 25 and km 35.
These two breaks are possibly due to the alteration of the stretch-shortening
cycle combined with physiological limits. This study highlights new measurable
phenomena that can only be analyzed through continuous monitoring of runners
over a long period of time.
Aberrant DNA Methylation in Bladder Cancer among Saudi Arabia Population
Authors: Siddiqui Amna Shoaib , Alshehri Faizah A , Yaqinuddin Ahmed 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTumor biomarkers developed based on the aberrant deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation patterns in bladder cancer (BC) hold great promise due to their stability, specificity, and known associations with the disease. No study has investigated DNA methylation patterns in BC patients from Saudi population. We analyzed DNA methylation levels of 48 tumor suppressor genes loci in 24 bladder tissues (19 BC and 5 control samples) using Human Tumour Suppressor Genes EpiTect Methyl II Complete PCR Array (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). We identified significant difference in DNA hypermethylation levels at E2F1, ERBB2, HIC1, OPCML, SFN, SFRP1, SFRP2, SPARC, and TERT gene loci between controls and cancerous samples. SCGB3A1 was differentially methylated in nonmuscle invasive versus muscle invasive BC samples. Results suggest that these aberrant DNA methylation patterns in BC are disease and population specific and can be developed as distinct DNA methylation-based biomarkers for BC detection.
Preliminary Evidence from a Cross-sectional Study on Epidemiology and Early Transmission Dynamics of COVID-19 in Karnataka State of India
Authors: Venkatraja Bakilapadavu , Srilakshminarayana Gali , Kumar Ballamoole Krishna , Hegde Madhura Nagesh , Kanchan Jayapadmini , Karuvaje Ganaraj , Rai Praveen 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Introduction Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging infection and quickly disseminated around the world. This article studies the epidemiology and early transmission dynamics of COVID-19 in Karnataka, which would be useful for effective epidemic management and policy formulation.
Materials and Methods All COVID-19 cases reported in the state of Karnataka, India, till June 12, 2020, are included in the study. The epidemiology and transmission dynamics of COVID-19 in Karnataka is studied through descriptive statistical analysis.
Results The findings illustrate a gender-, age-, and region-based disparity in the susceptibility and fatality. There appears to be a male preponderance in the susceptibility, but a female preponderance in fatality. It is also found that the adults are more susceptible to the infection, while the elderly have the risk of high fatality. Further, infected individuals in the region with urbanization have a higher risk of fatality than other regions. The study shows that the chances of recovery for females are lower than males, and further, the chances of recovery are positively related to the age of the infected person. The chances of recovery are higher if the infected individual is younger and they diminish if the individual is older. The study also explores that the chances of recovery are affected by the patient’s geographical location. It is also noted that individuals who returned from foreign travel have better chances of recovery than the locally transmitted individuals.
Conclusion Though the risk of susceptibility to COVID-19 infection is equal to all, the burden of getting infected and the burden of fatality is unequally distributed among different demographic categories. To manage the contagious spread of epidemic, to reduce fatality, and to increase the chances of recovery, targeted policy actions are suggested to benefit the vulnerable demographic categories.
Transcavernous Resection of a Giant Extensive Chondrosarcoma with Endoscopic Assistance
Authors: Elshamy Walid , Soylemez Burcak , Sayyahmelli Sima , Keser Nese , Baskaya Mustafa K. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractChondrosarcomas are one of the major malignant neoplasms which occur at the skull base. These tumors are locally invasive. Gross total resection of chondrosarcomas is associated with longer progression-free survival rates. The patient is a 55-year-old man with a history of dysphagia, left eye dryness, hearing loss, and left-sided facial pain. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a giant heterogeneously enhancing left-sided skull base mass within the cavernous sinus and the petrous apex with extension into the sphenoid bone, clivus, and the cerebellopontine angle, with associated displacement of the brainstem (Fig. 1). An endoscopic endonasal biopsy revealed a grade-II chondrosarcoma. The patient was then referred for surgical resection. Computed tomography (CT) scan and CT angiogram of the head and neck showed a left-sided skull base mass, partial destruction of the petrous apex, and complete or near-complete occlusion of the left internal carotid artery. Digital subtraction angiography confirmed complete occlusion of the left internal carotid artery with cortical, vertebrobasilar, and leptomeningeal collateral development. The decision was made to proceed with a left-sided transcavernous approach with possible petrous apex drilling. During surgery, minimal petrous apex drilling was necessary due to autopetrosectomy by the tumor. Endoscopy was used to assist achieving gross total resection (Fig. 2). Surgery and postoperative course were uneventful. MRI confirmed gross total resection of the tumor. The histopathology was a grade-II chondrosarcoma. The patient received proton therapy and continues to do well without recurrence at 4-year follow-up. This video demonstrates steps of the combined microsurgical skull base approaches for resection of these challenging tumors.The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/WlmCP_-i57s.
Surgical and Nonsurgical Management of the Nasal Skin-Soft Tissue Envelope
Authors: Saadoun Rakan , Riedel Frank , D'Souza Alwyn , Veit Johannes A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractManagement of the skin-soft tissue envelope (SSTE) in rhinoplasty is challenging and critical for the overall outcome. The preoperative identification of patients with thick or thin skin and with preexisting skin conditions may contribute significantly to the postsurgical result. Most publications and textbooks focus on the management of the osseocartilaginous framework, but the SSTE management is often not addressed in detail. However, nonsurgical treatments, such as skin preconditioning, topical steroid-injections, oral isotretinoin, and topical vitamin A derivatives, may provide strong benefits. In this article, we reviewed the literature to present a comprehensive review on the available surgical and nonsurgical approaches pre-, intra-, and postoperatively dealing with SSTE in rhinoplasty.
Mental health and decisions under risk among refugees and the public in Lebanon
Authors: Ruggeri Kai , Jarke Hannes , El-Zein Lama , Verdeli Helen , Folke Tomas 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLebanon is rapidly adapting public services to meet local needs as well as those of refugees from conflict regions such as Syria. However, these challenges are complicated by high volumes of individuals with poor mental health, who are also at risk of poor decision-making and may avoid the use of health services due to low trust in government institutions, among other reasons. Over 700 individuals residing in Lebanon, including Lebanese nationals, Syrian refugees and Palestinians from Lebanon, completed a series of measures covering decision-making with risk, mental health, and trust. The aim was to determine if significant relationships existed between these three and if those patterns were consistent between the three populations. A widely used well-being questionnaire produced similar unidimensional factor structures as found in other settings, indicating suitability for use in Lebanon, including refugees. Higher subjective well-being was associated with more risk-taking among refugees (β = 0.07, SE = 0.02, z = 4.63, p < 0.01), but not among the Lebanese host population (β = −0.003, SE = 0.01, z = −0.32, p = 0.75). However, average subjective well-being did not significantly differ between the Lebanese host population and refugees (absolute difference = −1.27, 95% CI = [−2.83, 0.29], on a 60-point scale), or between Syrian and Palestinian refugees (absolute difference = −1.53, 95% CI = [−4.16, 1.08]). Behavioural interventions (nudges and boosts) designed to support people in making choices more advantageous for them showed moderate effects. There is a clear pattern of greater risk-taking for refugees with better subjective well-being. This is an important finding as greater risk-taking can be associated with a number of negative health outcomes, particularly in vulnerable populations. While the behavioural interventions do show some effect on improving advantageous choice, these risk patterns are of clear interest to policymakers dealing with the health and well-being of all residents in Lebanon.