bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corneal Epithelial Remodeling After Femtosecond Laser-Assisted in Situ Keratomileusis Combined with Intraoperative Accelerated Corneal Collagen Crosslinking for Myopia: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Piao Junjie , Wang Shen , Tao Ye , Zhou Yue Hua , Li Ying 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background

This study analyzed regional corneal thickness remodeling, biomechanical properties, and visual outcomes after femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis combined with intraoperative accelerated corneal collagen crosslinking (LASIK Xtra) for myopia.
Methods

This retrospective study comprised 21 consecutive patients (18 women and 3 men; 42 eyes) who were treated with LASIK Xtra. All treatments were performed with ultraviolet-A (energy, 2.7 J/cm2; irradiance, 30 mW/cm2), using continuous (90 s) illumination. Postoperative values of corneal biometrics and visual outcomes were compared with preoperative values. Corneal thickness changes were evaluated using anterior segment optical coherence tomography. All patients were followed up for 12 months postoperatively. Preoperative and postoperative data were compared statistically using the paired t-test for normally distributed parameters and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test and Friedman analysis of variance with Bonferroni correction for non-normally distributed data.
Results

Uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) significantly improved at 6 months after surgery (P < 0.001). The central and inner regional corneal epithelial thickness significantly increased after LASIK Xtra (P < 0.05 for all), while peripheral corneal epithelial thickness remained stable at 12 months after surgery. There was also a statistically significant decreased in the stromal thickness at most locations (P < 0.05 for all), except in the outer superior and outer superior-temporal regions.
Conclusion

LASIK Xtra provided predictable postoperative UDVA, corneal curvature, and corneal biomechanical stability. Since the retrospective study results depended on the cohort members’ past information, it is inferred and confirmed that regular corneal thickness remodeling occurred after treatment.
Maximum Level of COVID-19 Vaccination in Rich and Democratic Countries, and in Other Political Systems
Authors: Coccia Mario 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccinations play a main role in the immunization program of countries to decrease the numbers of COVID-19 related infected individuals and deaths. However, countries, after a certain share of people vaccinated against COVID-19 have to cope with vaccine hesitancy and resistance in population. One of the fundamental problems is the detection of the max share of people vaccinable between countries without the introduction of any rule that affects basic aspects of individual freedoms of people in public and private life. The study here confronts this problem with a global analysis based on N=150 countries, using relationships between socioeconomic, institutional and political variables, and levels of vaccination. Results reveal that the share of people vaccinated increases with the level of development (and democratization) of countries, achieving the maximum level of about 70%; beyond this level, the share of vaccination starts to decrease across countries. Moreover, findings reveal that governments with Monarchy and Parliamentary Monarchy have average share of people vaccinated higher than Mixed Executives. These main findings suggest that in developed and democratic countries the maximum level of vaccination has a physiological limit, but many Western (democratic) countries are applying restriction rules (e.g., green pass/vaccine passport) to overcome this max level reducing and regulating, at the same time, many aspects of public and private life of individuals. Discussion explains these sociopolitical phenomena with aspects of politics of fear, focused on deaths of COVID-19, and of strong leaders having domestic and international support that apply rules in contexts of social insecurity with consequential reduction of equity, trust and solidarity and increase of socioeconomic issues. All these results here could aid policymakers to prepare sustainable policy responses against COVID-19 in society without distressing basics of democracy with rules of autocratic systems that can generate economic and social deterioration, and problems for mental health and economic conditions of people in society.
Dominant climate drivers of wintertime severe particulate pollution in North China
Authors: Li Jiandong , Hao Xin , Liao Hong , Wang Yuhang , Cai Wenju , Li Ke , Yue Xu , Yang Yang , Chen Haishan , Mao Yuhao , Fu Yu , Chen Lei , Zhu Jia 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Severe particulate pollution days (SPPDs, characterized by a daily mean PM2.5 concentration exceeding 150 μg m-3), which are extremely harmful to human health and the environment, occurred frequently in North China during the boreal winters of 2013–2019. SPPDs generally occur under conducive weather patterns (CWPs) characterized by a weakened East Asian Trough in the mid-troposphere, reduced winter northerlies in the lower troposphere, and a temperature inversion at the surface. The occurrence of CWPs has been attributed to variations in numerous climate factors (e.g., Arctic sea ice cover, sea surface temperature, and atmospheric teleconnections), but the dominant climate drivers remain inconclusive. Here, we show that the East Atlantic-West Russia (EA/WR) teleconnection pattern and the Victoria Mode (VM) of sea surface temperature anomalies are the first and second dominant climate drivers, respectively, leading to CWPs in North China through the zonal and meridional propagations of Rossby waves and explaining 36.3% and 18.5%, respectively, of the observed wintertime SPPDs in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei. Our results suggest that, with the help of seasonal forecast from climate models, the indices of the EA/WR and VM can be used to predict wintertime SPPDs over Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei.
Coleta automática em bases dados para repositórios digitais: o caso do repositório institucional UNESP
Authors: Vidotti Silvana Aparecida Borsetti Gregorio , Bastos Flávia Maria , Arakaki Felipe Augusto , Ferreira Juliano Benedito , Grisoto Ana Paula 
Published: December 2021

O Repositório Institucional UNESP tem apresentado metodologias e resultados satisfatórios para comunidade, principalmente no desenvolvimento de tecnologias para inclusão de registros de forma automática. Nesse sentido, o objetivo desse trabalho é apresentar a proposta de coleta automática de metadados em diferentes bases de dados para alimentação do Repositório Institucional UNESP. Caracteriza-se como um estudo metodológico-aplicado, pois apresenta os processos utilizados e seus resultados das coletas para o Repositório Institucional UNESP. Foram apresentadas as diversas alternativas de coleta automáticas em bases de dados como Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO, PubMed, Currículo Lattes, do catálogo Athena para inserção de registros no repositório e que serão integrados com o perfil ORCID dos docentes e pesquisadores da Unesp. Conclui-se que as coletas automáticas representaram um salto significativo para inclusão de registros no repositório, apresentando mais de 100 mil registros.
Implementação de repositório para acesso e visibilidade da informação científica em uma instituição centenária: o caso do IFPE-Campus Recife
Authors: Nascimento Amanda Tavares Silva Lima , Evangelista Ana Lia de Souza , Sena Adna Márcia Oliveira de , Cardoso Andréa 
Published: December 2021

Discorrem acerca do uso de repositórios como ferramentas que contribuem para promover a visibilidade da informação científica produzida ao longo dos mais de cem anos do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Pernambuco, Campus Recife. Objetiva-se verificar o aumento da percepção e acesso da produção intelectual com a implementação de um repositório, utilizando um software gratuito e explorando características que viabilizam a adequação da plataforma às demandas institucionais, de forma ética, proporcionando acesso ao conhecimento; agrupando os documentos de acordo com as opções de busca ofertados pelo software DSpace e identificando o índice de utilização da ferramenta através de sites e serviços para esta finalidade. Faz-se uma analogia efetivando a informação por meio do acesso virtual quando comparado com o suporte físico, mensurando a real funcionalidade do mesmo. Trata-se de um estudo de caso realizado através de análise quantitativa observando o processo de implantação do Repositório, datados em julho de 2014 a julho de 2015. Verificou-se ainda a eficiência desta ferramenta, devido aos crescentes acessos digitais em relação às consultas realizadas ao item físico, além da garantia de acesso em longo prazo contribuindo para a preservação da memória institucional. A ferramenta desempenha um importante papel institucional, no tangente a contribuição para o acesso livre ao conhecimento, sugere-se ainda a criação de um repositório geral para toda a instituição, que garanta a preservação da memória institucional e dê ampla visibilidade ao conhecimento produzido, contribuindo deste modo para o avanço do saber, do conhecimento e da educação.
COMÉRCIO E ESPAÇO COLETIVO NO CALABAR
Authors: Gonçalves Thaís Sales , Tahara Akemi 
Published: December 2021

A proposta de intervenção na comunidade do Calabar visou qualificar duas áreas de interesse identificadas e melhorar a conexão entre elas a fim de que esses espaços coletivos proporcionem o estar, o lazer e o circular de forma segura e agradável. O projeto principal consiste na reforma para padronização e melhoria das unidades comerciais existentes (área de interesse 1), com intuito de criar um espaço coletivo ampliado e de qualidade sobre as mesmas. A proposta foi apresentada aos moradores da comunidade em uma reunião na Biblioteca Comunitária do Calabar. Os que compareceram posicionaram-se a favor do projeto, demonstrando zelo pelo lugar e interesse por vê-lo melhorar. Foi importante perceber como uma proposta de melhoria de um espaço de uso coletivo gera boas expectativas e entusiasmo na população, ao mesmo tempo em que causa preocupação pela falta de cuidado e de controle de sua utilização por todos, uma vez que se trata de um espaço democrático, o qual deve permitir que qualquer pessoa, geralmente em qualquer horário, sirva-se dele.
BACE1: A Key Regulator in Alzheimer’s Disease Progression and Current
Development of its Inhibitors
Authors: Patel Smith , Bansoad Ankush Vardhaman , Singh Rakesh , Khatik Gopal L. 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease with no
specific disease-modifying treatment. β-secretase (BACE1) is considered the potential and rationale
target because it is involved in the rate-limiting step, which produces toxic Aβ42 peptides that leads
to deposits in the form of amyloid plaques extracellularly, resulting in AD.

Objective:
This study aims to discuss the role and implications of BACE1 and its inhibitors in the
management of AD.

Methods:
We have searched and collected the relevant quality work from PubMed using the following
keywords “BACE1”, BACE2”, “inhibitors”, and “Alzheimer’s disease”. In addition, we included
the work which discusses the role of BACE1 in AD and the recent work on its inhibitors.

Results:
In this review, we have discussed the importance of BACE1 in regulating AD progression
and the current development of BACE1 inhibitors. However, the development of a BACE1 inhibitor
is very challenging due to the large active site of BACE1. Nevertheless, some of the BACE1 inhibitors
have managed to enter advanced phases of clinical trials, such as MK-8931 (Verubecestat),
E2609 (Elenbecestat), AZD3293 (Lanabecestat), and JNJ-54861911 (Atabecestat). This review also
sheds light on the prospect of BACE1 inhibitors as the most effective therapeutic approach in delaying
or preventing AD progression.

Conclusion:
BACE1 is involved in the progression of AD. The current ongoing or failed clinical
trials may help understand the role of BACE1 inhibition in regulating the Aβ load and cognitive status
of AD patients.
Neuroinflammation in Huntington’s Disease: A Starring Role for Astrocyte
and Microglia
Authors: Saba Julieta , Couselo Federico López , Bruno Julieta , Carniglia Lila , Durand Daniela , Lasaga Mercedes , Caruso Carla 
Published: December 2021

:
Huntington’s disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative genetic disorder caused by a CAG repeat
expansion in the huntingtin gene. HD causes motor, cognitive, and behavioral dysfunction.
Since no existing treatment affects the course of this disease, new treatments are needed. Inflammation
is frequently observed in HD patients before symptom onset. Neuroinflammation, characterized
by the presence of reactive microglia, astrocytes and inflammatory factors within the brain, is also
detected early. However, in comparison to other neurodegenerative diseases, the role of neuroinflammation
in HD is much less known. Work has been dedicated to altered microglial and astrocytic
functions in the context of HD, but less attention has been given to glial participation in neuroinflammation.
This review describes evidence of inflammation in HD patients and animal models. It
also discusses recent knowledge on neuroinflammation in HD, highlighting astrocyte and microglia
involvement in the disease and considering anti-inflammatory therapeutic approaches.
Microtubule-modulating Agents in the Fight Against Neurodegeneration:
Will it ever Work?
Authors: Soliman Ahmed , Bakota Lidia , Brandt Roland 
Published: December 2021

:
The microtubule skeleton plays an essential role in nerve cells as the most important
structural determinant of morphology and as a highway for axonal transport processes. Many neurodegenerative
diseases are characterized by changes in the structure and organization of microtubules
and microtubule-regulating proteins such as the microtubule-associated protein tau, which exhibits
characteristic changes in a whole class of diseases collectively referred to as tauopathies. Changes in
the dynamics of microtubules appear to occur early under neurodegenerative conditions and are also
likely to contribute to age-related dysfunction of neurons. Thus, modulating microtubule dynamics
and correcting impaired microtubule stability can be a useful neuroprotective strategy to counteract
the disruption of the microtubule system in disease and aging. In this article, we review current microtubule-
directed approaches for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases with microtubules as
a drug target, tau as a drug target, and post-translational modifications as potential modifiers of the
microtubule system. We discuss limitations of the approaches that can be traced back to the rather
unspecific mechanism of action, which causes undesirable side effects in non-neuronal cell types or
which are due to the disruption of non-microtubule-related interactions. We also develop some
thoughts on how the specificity of the approaches can be improved and what further targets could be
used for modulating substances.
Lung Clearance Index: A New Measure of Ventilation Inhomogeneity in
Childhood Respiratory Diseases
Authors: Parisi Giuseppe Fabio , Pignatone Emanuela , Papale Maria , Mulé Enza , Manti Sara , Leonardi Salvatore 
Published: December 2021

Abstract:
Conventional spirometry has long been considered the primary test for assessing respiratory
function deficits in children and adults. However, the need to perform forced breathing maneuvers
can make it challenging to perform these examinations in an uncooperative child. For these
reasons, techniques such as gas dilutions and the multiple-breath-washout (MBW) method have
been implemented because they allow for early assessment of damage to the small airways. These
methods permit the determination of the possible presence of ventilatory inhomogeneity in the
lungs by analyzing the clearance of an inert gas used as a tracer. The equipment consists of a mass
spectrometer combined with a flow meter. The Lung Clearance Index (LCI) is most often used to
evaluate ventilatory inhomogeneity. This narrative review aimed to review the literature on technical
and practical aspects of the MBW test and evaluate the clinical implications of the LCI in pediatric
respiratory disease.
Changes in Physiological Variables in Patients with Diffuse Interstitial
Lung Disease in the Six-minute Walk Test
Authors: Betancourt-Peña Jhonatan , Domínguez-Muñoz Daniela , Salazar-Vargas Paola , Ávila-Valencia Juan Carlos 
Published: December 2021

Objective:
Diffuse Interstitial Lung Disease (DILD) is a pathology with a high mortality
rate in Colombia as well as around the world. Linking patients to pulmonary rehabilitation programs
is essential to improve their quality of life and aerobic capacity; thus, all patients perform
the six-minute walk test (6-MWT). This study aimed to describe the changes in physiological and
aerobic capacity-related variables in patients with DILD in the 6-MWT at admission to a pulmonary
rehabilitation program and determine possible differences between patients with idiopathic
pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and other DILDs.

Methods:
This is a cross-sectional descriptive study on patients with DILD who performed the 6-
MWT between January 2017 and February 2019. Sociodemographic, clinical, physiological, and
exercise tolerance variables were taken into account at four different times of the 6-MWT: Rest
time, the end, and the first and the fifth minute after the end of the test. The Human Ethics Committee
endorsed the study, and all participants signed the informed consent form.

Results:
There were 64 patients with DILD. The average age was 60.84 years, 53.1% were female,
73.4% required home oxygen, and 53.1% had a diagnosis of IPF. There were no statistically significant
differences in the heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2),
Borg scale, and fatigue in lower limbs at the four evaluated moments of the test for both groups of
patients with DILD (p=0.000); moreover, the FEV1/FVC ratio for patients with other DILD was
higher (p=0.000). The distance traveled for IPF was 339.26 ± 124.84, while for other DILDs, it
was 365.63 ± 113.00 (p=0.382).

Conclusions:
Patients with other DILDs have better FEV1/FVC and travel longer distances with
less dyspnea and fatigue than patients with IPF during the 6-MWT. Both groups' HR, RR, SpO2,
Borg, and fatigue variables presented significant changes during the 6-MWT.
Prevalence of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in the Brain-dead Candidates for
Transplantation and Uncommon Manifestations of the Infection
Authors: Aliakbarian Mohsen , Khodashahi Rozita , Vakilian Atefe , Naderi Hamid Reza , Khodashahi Mandana , Khaleghi Ebrahim , Moghaddam Maliheh Dadgar 
Published: December 2021

Aim:
This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of Coronavirus Disease 2019
(COVID-19) positive cases meeting clinical brain death criteria; moreover, it was attempted to assess
the uncommon manifestations of the infection in this study.

Materials and Methods:
This retrospective observational study was conducted on all brain-dead patients
who were referred to the emergency department of hospitals in Mashhad, Iran, from February
to October 2020. The demographic characteristics, clinical information, and laboratory data
were collected and recorded in a researcher-made checklist.

Results:
In general, 70 patients were entered in this study. The PCR test result was positive for
COVID-19 in 54% of the patients, and syncope was reported in 16.1% of the cases (n=10). Furthermore,
the majority of the patients (52.9%) showed central nervous system (CNS) hemorrhagic manifestations.
A comparison was made between the patients with positive and negative PCR test result
in terms of syncope; accordingly, there was a significant difference between them in this regard
(χ2=4.5; P=0.03). The CNS hemorrhagic manifestations were significantly higher in patients
with positive PCR compared to those with negative PCR (χ2=4.57, P=0.03). Moreover, the grand
glass opacity and pleural effusion were the most common findings of the chest computed tomography
in brain-dead patients with COVID-19.

Conclusion:
Due to the high prevalence of COVID-19 among brain-dead patients, it seems that
syncope attack should be regarded as one of the possible symptoms of COVID-19. Moreover, syncope
as a result of COVID-19 may itself cause traumatic events. It is worth mentioning that CNS
hemorrhagic manifestations have been reported in more than half of the patients with brain death.
Aptamer-based Cell Recognition and Detection
Authors: Zheng Liyan , Zhang Qiang , Zhang Yutong , Qiu Liping , Tan Weihong 
Published: December 2021

:
Cells, regarded as the structural and functional units of organisms, have become one of
the most important objects in many research areas. Specific recognition and detection of malignant
cells are critical for disease diagnosis, therapy and prognosis. Aptamers are short; single-stranded
oligonucleotides screened from a random library by an in vitro technology termed “Systematic
Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment” (SELEX) on the basis of their specific binding
to target cargos. With the advantages of small size, easy synthesis, convenient modification, high
chemical stability and low immunogenicity, aptamers have attracted broad attention in bioanalysis.
Using intact living cells as the selection target, the cell-SELEX technology enables the generation
of many aptamers that can specifically recognize molecular signatures of target cells. These aptamers
have been extensively utilized in various cell-based research. In this mini-review, we focus on
recent advances in aptamer-based recognition and detection of cells, particularly circulating tumor
cells (CTCs).