bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electromagnetic non-invasive glucometry: achievements and prospects
Authors: Yakubov V P , Makhmanazarov R M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This work is devoted to the study of technologies for creating a method for non-invasive measurement of glucose in human blood. A brief overview is given on some of the existing technologies and developments in the field of the radio range for electromagnetic radiation and for recording small changes in the dielectric properties of biological environment. It also presents a new technology for non-contact measurement of blood glucose concentration in phantom blood using magnetic field sensors.
Critical processor download planning device in the multiprocessor systems
Authors: Borzov D B , Basov R G , Titov V S , Sokolova Yu V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The article deals with the critical multi-processor systems, which can include high-availability objects, and which performance is critical for any kind of activity. Such as a person, country, company, organization, etc. In this case, failure leads to a reduction in the system’s response time and a further decrease in its performance, which means the availability factor. Thus, the usage of software solutions to this issue is unacceptable, and therefore it is necessary to use specialized hardware for load planning.
Research of fiber-optic displacement sensors
Authors: Madi P Sh , Gorokhov D A , Mekhtiyev R A , Nurmaganbetova M T 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Research on fiber-optic displacement sensors in quarries is the main cause of the collapse of the sides of the quarry. To ensure safety and constant monitoring during the work at the quarry, sharpened fiber-optic sensors are used. Fiber-optic sensors and control cables of the communication line are made on the basis of single-mode optical fibers, which makes it possible to measure deformations and displacements of the mountain range at distances of 30-50 km with high accuracy. Optical fiber of the ITU-T G. 652.D standard is used to create fiber-optic pressure sensors (FOS). All tests were carried out in the laboratory. This article is a sample for studying the entire process of deformation and displacement of the mountain range. In the end, the results of the study will help to optimize the work at the quarry and prevent accidents
Algorithm for finding contours for the purpose of processing symbolic information in conditions of small symbol size and chromatic aberrations
Authors: Konanykhin A Yu , Konanykhina T N 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this article, modern principles of processing and working with images have been investigated and applied for specific tasks of character information recognition in conditions of small character size and image fuzzy due to chromatic aberrations, including non-fuzzy C-means, which have proven themselves with high accuracy and speed. processing of initial data. For ease of perception and a more understandable process, we conditionally divide the algorithm into several stages: image improvement and filtering in order to bring data to the optimal information load of the algorithm by suppressing non-maximum points; correction of intensity values according to the level of grayscale pixels; processing of the region of the image with symbolic information by distributing gray tones.
Radar methods for determining the thickness of dielectric layers
Authors: Tseplyaev I S , Davidenko D V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper describes two methods, the amplitude method and the method based on geometric optics. The methods were applied to practical data obtained by georadar tests. As a result, the refractive index and thickness of the investigated planar layered medium were calculated. When using the amplitude method, the refractive index of the investigated medium is 1.3, the thickness is 0.11 m. When using the method based on geometric optics, the refractive index of the investigated medium is 1.43, the thickness is 0.102 m. After comparing the results of these methods, it was found that the error of the amplitude method is higher than that of the geometrical optics method.
Visualization system for a radio images
Authors: Khmelev V L , Gromov M L 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Radio wave tomography (radiotommography) allows restoring the shape of objects hidden behind radio-transparent barriers. Radiotommography detectors use this technology for location and visualization for metal, metalized, and dielectric communications in walls and floors. An interpretation of tomography images obtained during radio wave measuring is a difficult task for non-specialists. Moreover, they have no visual reference to the objects of the scene under exploration. To simplify a perception and analysis of the obtained data of radio wave measurements, we propose to combine digital radio and optical images of the scene. This article describes the solution to the problem of combining optical and radio wave images. It allows to estimate visually the size and position of the hidden objects.
Development of a PET/EPRI combined imaging system for assessing tumor hypoxia
Authors: Kim H. , Epel B. , Sundramoorthy S. , Tsai H.-M. , Barth E. , Gertsenshteyn I. , Halpern H. , Hua Y. , Xie Q. , Chen C.-T. , Kao C.-M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Precise quantitative delineation of tumor hypoxia is essential in radiation therapy treatment planning
to improve the treatment efficacy by targeting hypoxic sub-volumes.
We developed a combined imaging system of positron emission tomography (PET) and
electron para-magnetic resonance imaging (EPRI) of molecular oxygen
to investigate the accuracy of PET imaging in assessing tumor hypoxia.
The PET/EPRI combined imaging system aims to use EPRI to precisely measure the oxygen partial pressure in tissues.
This will evaluate the validity of PET hypoxic tumor imaging
by (near) simultaneously acquired EPRI as ground truth.
The combined imaging system was constructed
by integrating a small animal PET scanner (inner ring diameter 62 mm and axial field of view 25.6 mm)
and an EPRI subsystem (field strength 25 mT and resonant frequency 700 MHz).
The compatibility between the PET and EPRI subsystems were tested with both phantom and animal imaging.
Hypoxic imaging on a tumor mouse model using 18F-fluoromisonidazole radio-tracer
was conducted with the developed PET/EPRI system.
We report the development and initial imaging results obtained from the PET/EPRI combined imaging system.
Aspects of the disordered harmonic chain
Authors: Fogedby Hans C 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We discuss the driven harmonic chain with fixed boundary conditions subject to weak coupling strength disorder. We discuss the evaluation of the Liapunov exponent in some detail expanding on the dynamical system theory approach by Levi et al. We show that including mass disorder the mass and coupling strength disorder can be combined in a renormalised mass disorder. We review the method of Dhar regarding the disorder-averaged heat current, apply the approach to the disorder-averaged large deviation function and finally comment on the validity of the Gallavotti–Cohen fluctuation theorem. The paper is also intended as an introduction to the field and includes detailed calculations.
Analysis of accelerated methods testing piston engine for reliability
Authors: Gots A N , Amirseyidov Sh A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The analysis of accelerated bench methods of testing piston engines for reliability is carried out. For accelerated testing, it is necessary to reduce the engine operating time before failures occur. Although the loads on the engine parts during accelerated tests differ from the loads in real operation, it is necessary to ensure a qualitative similarity of real and simulated loading processes when organizing them. To assess the quality of accelerated tests, use the acceleration coefficients for operating time or acceleration over time. Various methods of accelerated testing are analyzed due to forcing the conditions for using a special working cycle of the internal combustion engine, for example, for such failures as coking of diesel injectors. For an accelerated assessment of the fatigue strength of the parts surrounding the combustion chamber, the firing surface is heated and then cooled with water. More severe external conditions can also be achieved by increasing the amount of dust supplied with air and oil, increasing or decreasing the ambient temperature. In such tests, after comparing failures during accelerated (model) tests, as well as in operation, the test methodology is adjusted.
Damping of pressure pulsations in the fuel system of the motor
Authors: Lepeshkin A A , Berdnikov L A , Korzhachkin M G , Panov V A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The paper presents results of works carried out to damp pressure pulsations in the fuel line of a gasoline engine to provide for the required environmental friendliness level. The paper describes testing of a modernized damped injector rail. Based on the obtained test results, conclusions were made on the efficiency of use of a fuel line damper reducing fuel pressure pulsations.
Developing an unmanned vehicle local trajectory using a reinforcement learning algorithm
Authors: Evdokimova T S , Sinodkin A A , Tiurikov M I , Fedosova L O , Kalyashina A V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article describes the algorithm development for constructing a local trajectory for an unmanned vehicle or for implementation in an ADAS system using the reinforcement learning method. A special part is dedicated to reinforcement learning. One of the methods that is best suitable for the task conditions will also be implemented. This method will allow bypassing obstacles and reaching the specified short target points.
Natural nanomaterials as a basic for improving the environmental safety of transport systems
Authors: Chernyshev D O , Denezhko L V , Bazhenov E E 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Presented ways to improve the environmental safety of motor vehicles using liquefied petroleum gas and natural nanotubes - chrysotile asbestos. The basic components of petroleum gases, their physico-chemical properties, the percentage of fuel in the gas and the effect on engine operation, and the advantages and disadvantages are designated gaseous fuel. Presented defects in the operation of vehicles with gas-cylinder units associated with the violation of integrity of pipelines and systems. It specifies the requirements for the safe operation of the gas-cylinder cars. The aspects of the use of modern molecular techniques, the use of carbon nanotubes to solve the environmental problems created by cars.
Use of active related transportation systems in the extractive industries of the national economy and protection complex
Authors: Bazhenov E E , Novopashin L A , Chernyshev D O 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The range of practical applications of active articulated transport systems is considered (AATS). AATS have a lower specific pressure of the propellers on the supporting surface, all other things being equal with single machines. This allows you to increase the payload on the transport system, increase the off-road capability of vehicles and on supporting surfaces with low bearing properties. The presence of separate power and technological sections makes it possible to create a range of technological systems with different functional properties. It is most expedient to use AATS in the raw materials and extractive industries and in the defense complex.
Digital tracking control of the boost converter: prediction-based digital redesign approach
Authors: Shieh Cheng Shion 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Several continuous-time tracking controllers of the DC-to-DC boost converters had been addressed, but few literature touched the digital tracking control because that was a challenging theoretical problem which consists of nonlinear, non-minimum phase and saturated control. Given a continuous-time nonlinear boost converter with continuous tracking control, this paper proposes a new sampled-data feedback laws from the available analog counterpart via digital redesign such that the state trajectories of the sampled-data closed-loop systems close to the continuous-time one in the sense of state-matching. An existing boost converter circuit has been demonstrated to visualize the feasibility of the proposed methodology.
Applying fuzzy statistics to evaluate and allocate resources in seven star grotto national park area
Authors: Li Chaojun , Chang Kuo Kuang , Ou Shih Ming 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to use an objective function algorithm to establish the fuzzy number parameters of the fuzzy semantic scale, and then find the way to improve and the development and management of tourist attractions. This paper divides the development of the Seven Star Grotto National Park into three periods: 2001-2005, 2006-2010 and 2011-2015. Using expert scoring and field interviews, combined with the Seven Star Grotto National Park resource profile and Zhaoqing development profile, we quantitatively measured the overall resource level, resource value, scenic conditions and regional conditions of different time period.
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on training of pharmacy residents and fellows: Results from a national survey of postgraduate pharmacy trainees
Authors: Moore W Justin , Webb Andrew , Morrisette Taylor , Sullivan Louisa K , Alosaimy Sara , Hossain Shahrier , Howe Zachary , Vlashyn Olga O , Paloucek Frank P , Rybak Michael J , Wang Sheila K 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Purpose
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted the activities of healthcare workers, including postgraduate pharmacy trainees. Quality training experiences must be maintained to produce competent pharmacy practitioners and maintain program standards.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey of postgraduate pharmacy trainees in the United States was conducted to evaluate training experience changes and assess perceived impacts on residents and fellows following the COVID-19 pandemic’s onset.

Results
From June 4 through June 22, 2020, 511 pharmacy trainees in 46 states completed the survey. Participants’ median age was 26 (interquartile range [IQR], 25-28) years, with included responses from postgraduate year 1 residents (54% of sample), postgraduate year 2 residents (40%), and postgraduate fellows (6%). Compared to experiences prior to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, fewer trainees conducted direct patient care (38.5% vs 91.4%, P &lt; 0.001), more worked from home (31.7% vs 1.6%, P &lt; 0.001), and less time was spent with preceptors per day (2 [IQR, 2-6] hours vs 4 [IQR, 1-4] hours, P &lt; 0.001). Sixty-five percent of respondents reported experiencing changes in their training program, 39% reported being asked to work in areas outside of their routine training experience, and 89% stated their training shifted to focus on COVID-19 to some degree. Most respondents perceived either major (9.6%) or minor (52.0%) worsening in quality of experience, with major and minor improvement in quality of experience reported by 5.5% and 8.4% of respondents, respectively.

Conclusion
Pharmacy resident/fellow experiences were perceived to have been extensively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic in varying ways. Our findings describe shifts in postgraduate training and may aid in the development of best practices for optimizing trainee experiences in future crises.
Whole-exome sequencing reveals potential germline and somatic mutations in 60 malignant ovarian germ cell tumors
Authors: Chen Juan , Li Yan , Wu Jianlei , Liu Yakun , Kang Shan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMalignant ovarian germ cell tumors (MOGCTs) are rare and heterogeneous ovary tumors. We aimed to identify potential germline mutations and somatic mutations in MOGCTs by whole-exome sequencing. The peripheral blood and tumor samples from these patients were used to identify germline mutations and somatic mutations, respectively. For those genes with copy number alterations (deletion and duplication region), functional annotation was performed. Immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate the expression of mutated genes corresponding to CNA deletion region and duplication region. In peripheral blood, copy number loss and gain were mostly found in yolk sac tumors (YSTs). Moreover, POU5F1 was the most significant mutated gene with mutation frequency &gt;10% in both CNA deletion and duplication region. In addition, strong cytoplasm staining of POU5F1 (corresponding to CNA deletion region and duplication region) was found in two YST and nuclear staining in two dysgerminomas tumor samples. Genes corresponding to CNA deletion region were significantly enriched in the signaling pathway of regulating pluripotency of stem cells. In addition, genes corresponding to CNA duplication region were significantly enriched in the signaling pathways of RIG-I (DExD/H-box helicase 58)-like receptor, Toll-like receptor and nuclear factor (NF)-kappa. Keratin 4 (KRT4), ribosomal protein L14 (RPL14), proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 6 (PCSK6), poly(A)-binding protein cytoplasmic 3 (PABPC3), and sterile alpha and TIR motif containing 1 (SARM1) mutations were detected in both peripheral blood and tumor samples. Identification of potential germline mutations and somatic mutations in MOGCTs may provide a new field in understanding the genetic feature of the rare biological tumor type in the ovary.
Role of inflammation in benign gynecologic disorders: from pathogenesis to novel therapies†
Authors: AlAshqar Abdelrahman , Reschke Lauren , Kirschen Gregory W , Borahay Mostafa A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Emerging evidence supports the notion that inflammation fosters the development of common benign gynecologic disorders, including uterine leiomyoma, endometriosis, and adenomyosis. Numerous cytokines, chemokines, and growth and transcription factors have indisputable roles in the establishment and maintenance of benign gynecologic disorders by initiating complex cascades that promote proliferation, angiogenesis, and lesion progression. The interaction between inflammation and benign gynecologic disorders is orchestrated by a plethora of factors, including sex steroids, genetics, epigenetics, extracellular matrix, stem cells, cardiometabolic risk factors, diet, vitamin D, and the immune system. The role of inflammation in these disorders is not limited to local pathobiology but also extends to involve clinical sequelae that range from those confined to the reproductive tract, such as infertility and gynecologic malignancies, to systemic complications such as cardiovascular disease. Enhanced understanding of the intricate mechanisms of this association will introduce us to unvisited pathophysiological perspectives and guide future diagnostic and therapeutic implications aimed at reducing the burden of these disorders. Utilization of inflammatory markers, microRNA, and molecular imaging as diagnostic adjuncts may be valuable, noninvasive techniques for prompt detection of benign gynecologic disorders. Further, use of novel as well as previously established therapeutics, such as immunomodulators, hormonal treatments, cardiometabolic medications, and cyclooxygenase-2 and NF-κB inhibitors, can target inflammatory pathways involved in their pathogenesis. In this comprehensive review, we aim to dissect the existing literature on the role of inflammation in benign gynecologic disorders, including the proposed underlying mechanisms and complex interactions, its contribution to clinical sequelae, and the clinical implications this role entails.
Serum fatty acid-binding protein 5 is a significant factor in hepatocellular carcinoma progression independent of tissue expression level
Authors: Ohira Masafumi , Yokoo Hideki , Ogawa Koji , Fukai Moto , Kamiyama Toshiya , Sakamoto Naoya , Taketomi Akinobu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Fatty acid-binding protein 5 (FABP5) is highly expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues and is related to HCC progression. In this study, we analyzed the potential of serum FABP5 (sFABP5) as a tumor marker in HCC and its clinical significance in HCC progression. We compared the sFABP5 concentration in patients with HCC (HCC group) with that of patients with hepatitis without HCC (hepatitis group). Moreover, we measured the FABP5 expression levels in resected HCC tissues (tFABP5) and analyzed their relationship with sFABP5. We also performed cell-based assays using FABP5 knockout and overexpressing HCC cell lines to analyze the effect of extrinsic FABP5 (exFABP5) on HCC cells. We showed that sFABP5 was not a useful tumor marker for HCC, as HCC and sFABP5 were not correlated. However, sFABP5 and tFABP5 significantly correlated with survival after surgery for HCC, while sFABP5 and tFABP5 were independent of each other. In cell-based assays, exFABP5 was taken up by HCC cell lines and positively affected cell survival under glucose-depleted conditions by complementing the endogenous FABP5 function. In conclusion, sFABP5 had a significant impact on HCC progression irrespective of tFABP5 by augmenting cell viability under glucose-depleted conditions. As tFABP5 and sFABP5 are important factors that are independent of each other in HCC progression, both of them should be considered independently in improving the prognosis of patients with HCC.
Population-Wide Peer Comparison Audit and Feedback to Reduce Antibiotic Initiation and Duration in Long-Term Care Facilities with Embedded Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Daneman Nick , Lee Samantha M , Bai Heming , Bell Chaim M , Bronskill Susan E , Campitelli Michael A , Dobell Gail , Fu Longdi , Garber Gary , Ivers Noah , Lam Jonathan M C , Langford Bradley J , Laur Celia , Morris Andrew , Mulhall Cara , Pinto Ruxandra , Saxena Farah E , Schwartz Kevin L , Brown Kevin A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Antibiotic overprescribing in long-term care settings is driven by prescriber preferences and is associated with preventable harms for residents. We aimed to determine whether peer comparison audit and feedback reporting for physicians reduces antibiotic overprescribing among residents.

Methods
We employed a province wide, difference-in-differences study of antibiotic prescribing audit and feedback, with an embedded pragmatic randomized controlled trial (RCT) across all long-term care facilities in Ontario, Canada, in 2019. The study year included 1238 physicians caring for 96 185 residents. In total, 895 (72%) physicians received no feedback; 343 (28%) were enrolled to receive audit and feedback and randomized 1:1 to static or dynamic reports. The primary outcomes were proportion of residents initiated on an antibiotic and proportion of antibiotics prolonged beyond 7 days per quarter.

Results
Among all residents, between the first quarter of 2018 and last quarter of 2019, there were temporal declines in antibiotic initiation (28.4% to 21.3%) and prolonged duration (34.4% to 29.0%). Difference-in-differences analysis confirmed that feedback was associated with a greater decline in prolonged antibiotics (adjusted difference −2.65%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −4.93 to −.28%, P = .026), but there was no significant difference in antibiotic initiation. The reduction in antibiotic durations was associated with 335 912 fewer days of treatment. The embedded RCT detected no differences in outcomes between the dynamic and static reports.

Conclusions
Peer comparison audit and feedback is a pragmatic intervention that can generate small relative reductions in the use of antibiotics for prolonged durations that translate to large reductions in antibiotic days of treatment across populations.
Clinical Trials Registration. NCT03807466.