bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trace Metals Content in Annually-Banded Scleractinian Coral ‘Porites Lobata’ Across the Northern Persian Gulf
Authors: Kourandeh Mehdi Bolouki , Nabavi Seyed Mohammad Bagher , Shokri Mohammad Reza , Ghanemi Kamal , Feng Yuexing 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Concentration of trace metals in skeleton growth bands of dominant scleractinian coral ‘Porites lobata’ were investigated in Kharg and Hebourabi islands across the northern Persian Gulf. The highest average concentration of elements were as Sr> Mg> Zn> Ba> Cu> U> Ni> Mn> Cr> Co> Pb> V> Cd in Kharg Island respectively and as Sr> Mg> Ba> Cu> U> Ni> Zn> Mn> Cr> Co> V> Pb> Cd in Hendourabi Island. Except for Cr, the concentrations of other trace metals in Kharg Island were higher than those of Hendourabi Island. The coefficient of variation percentage (CV%) for Cr, Mn, Zn, Ba and Pb in Kharg Island and for Cu and Ba in Hendourabi Island was more than 50%. Results of PCA analyses revealed that the trace metals Kharg Island was defined by three principal components including the first component (Mn, V, Pb, Zn, Ni and half of Mg, Cr and Co) corresponding to the past regional military conflicts and oil pollution, second component (Sr, U and Mg) corresponding to SST changes, and the third component (Cr and Co) corresponding to other factors. Results of PCA analyses revealed that trace metals in Hendourabi Island was defined by two principal components including first component (Co, Ni, Cr, Mn and half of Ba) corresponding to annual precipitation changes and the second component (U, Zn and Ba) corresponding to coastal constructions.
Bismuth Trioxide Doped Polyamide 6.6 Nanocomposites for Electrically Insulating Materials
Authors: Aygün Hayriye Hale Solak , ALMA Mehmet Hakkı 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Polymer-based insulators have attracted much attention amongst researchers due to their various advantages such as light weightness, lower cost and ease of production. In this study, it is aimed to manufacture lightweight and thin insulator by electrospun composite fibers and to observe the effect of bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) on insulating property of polymer-based composite structure. For that purpose, polyamide 6.6 polymer (PA6.6) with high dielectric constant was doped with bismuth trioxide micro particles and it was used for coating polyester spunbonds by electrospinning technique. Morphological properties, thermal behaviours and electrical resistance of coated spunbonds were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) showed that Bi2O3 was succesfully adapted into fiber structure and nano-scale PA6.6/Bi2O3 composite fibers were obtained. Thermal behaviours of coated samples were developed by increasing Bi2O3 loading according to differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetic analysis (TGA) results. Addition of Bi2O3 caused remarkable increase on electrical resistance of PA6.6 electrospun surfaces. Bi2O3/PA6.6. nanocomposite fibers are promising and good candidates for thin electrically insulating polymer-based structures for micro- or nanodimensional devices.
Hybridization effect on Electrical Conductivity and Thermal Behavior of Epoxy/Carbon Nanotubes and Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles Composites
Authors: Sunday Aigbodion Victor , Madu Solomon Chijioke , Ogbuefi Uche Chinweoke , Nwoji C.U 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
An attempt was made in this work to decorated carbon nanotubes(CNTs) in a polymer matrix using biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (GAgNPs) using Cashew leaves as a reduction agent. The new hybrid epoxy-CNTs+ GAgNPs composites were produced by modified solution-stir-cast method. The microstructure, thermal properties, strength, and electrical conductivity of the produced composites were determined. The electrical conductivity of the epoxy polymer has been enhanced from 5.6x10-13S/cm to 4.80x10-3S/cm for epoxy-0.5%CNTs and 9.1x10-3S/cm epoxy-0.5%CNTs-0.5%GAgNPs. GAgNPs was effective used to improve the strength of conducting epoxy-CNTs for electronic devices. The addition of CNTs and GAgNPs to epoxy increases the glass transition temperature. It was established that GAgNPs can be promising materials to enhanced thermal conductivity, strength, electrical conductivity of epoxy-CNTs and recover the potential reduction for electronic devices application.
Graft Copolymerization Of Acrylic Acid Onto Fatty Chitosan: Synthesis, Characterization and Waste Water Treatment
Authors: Hamza shimaa fawzy , El-Sawy Maha mohammed , Alian noha abdelfattah , shaker nihal omar 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Enviroment is worsening day by day due to industrial pollution, with hazardous chemicals contributing to the accumulation of heavy metal contaminants in waste water. Waste water polluted by these effluents disrupts the usual use of water for irrigation and marine life. The purity and efficiency of water is a paramount concern of mankind. These effluents must also be treated. Natural biopolymers are industrially desirable because of their ability to remove metal ions found in waste water. Among the many other low-cost absorbents listed, chitosan has the highest sorption potential for several metal ions (1) . In specific, we were trying to extract chitosan from shrimp, by N-deacetylation of chitin. The chemical structure of chitosan was characterised by the spectroscopy of Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR). The degree of N-deacetylation (DDA) was also calculated from FT-IR data. The use of biosorbent chitosan-fatty acid derivatives makes it possible to extract both heavy metals and organic compounds. In this analysis, the grafting copolymer of fatty chitosan derivatives with acrylic acid polymer was synthesised using ceric ammonium nitrate, the redox nitric acid method under UV irradiation. Synthesized copolymers have been subjected to various analytical techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermogravimetric analysis (DTA) to confirm the formation of copolymers and to research their thermal stability. The findings show the formation and strong chemical interaction between fatty chitosan derivatives and acrylic acid. Fatty Chitosan derivatives and prepared grafting copolymers have been treated with copper and chromium-containing metal solutions and the results have shown that fatty chitosan derivatives and prepared copolymers are excellent in the removal of heavy metals such as copper and chromium. Prepared compounds could therefore open the way for industrial waste water treatment.
Study on Tribological Behavior Based on 2D Zn-MOFs Interface Enrichment of Oil-In-Water Emulsion
Authors: Wang Fei-Fei , Ding Haiyang , Tan Guang , Liu Zan , cheng zhilin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
For the first time, we attempt to use two-dimensional Zn-based metal organic framework (2D Zn-MOFs) nanosheets as emulsifiers and additives in oil-in-water emulsions, including 2D Zn(Bim)(OAc) (1) nanosheets, 2D Zn(Bim)(OAc) (2) nanosheets and 2D ZnBDC nanosheets. The emulsification results showed that the prepared emulsion was uniform and stable, and 2D Zn(Bim)(OAc) (1) emulsion has the most significant performance in terms of anti-friction and anti-wear performance and improvement of extreme pressure performance. Compared with the base emulsion, the friction coefficient and wear volume were reduced by 22% and 53.6%, respectively, while the last non-seizure load (PB) was increased by 15.5%. Finally, the friction mechanism was discussed and proposed.
Efficacy of A Loading Dose of IV Salbutamol in Children With Severe Acute Asthma Admitted to A PICU: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Boeschoten Shelley A , Buysse Corinne M. , Winter Brenda C. de , Rosmalen Joost van , Jongste Johan C. de , Jonge Rogier C. de , Heisterkamp Sabien G. , Woensel Job B. van , Kneyber Martin C. , Zwol Annelies van , Boehmer Annemie L. , Hoog Matthijs de , (SKIC) Dutch collaborative PICU research network 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The optimal dose regimen to start intravenous (IV) treatment in children with severe acute asthma (SAA), is still matter of debate. We assessed the efficacy of an additional salbutamol loading dose in children with SAA admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). This multicenter, placebo-controlled randomized trial in the PICUs of four tertiary care children’s hospitals included children (2-18 years) with SAA admitted between 2017-2019. Children were randomized to receive either a loading dose IV salbutamol (15 mcg/kg, max.750 mcg) or normal saline while on continuous salbutamol infusion. The primary outcome was asthma score (Qureshi) 1 hour after the intervention. Analysis of covariance models were used to evaluate sensitivity to change in asthma scores. Serum concentrations of salbutamol were obtained. Fifty-eight children were included (29 in the intervention group). Median baseline asthma score was 12 (IQR 10-13) in the intervention and 11 (9-12) in the control group (p=0.032). The asthma score 1 hour after the intervention did not differ significantly between both groups (p=0.508, β-coefficient=0.283). The median increase in salbutamol plasma levels 10 minutes after the intervention was 13μg/L (5-24) in the intervention and 4μg/L (0-7) in the control group (p=0.001). Mixed model analyses showed a significant association between heart rate and asthma score, adjusted for salbutamol plasma levels. Conclusion: We found no clinical benefit of a loading dose IV salbutamol, compared to normal saline in children with SAA admitted to the PICU. Clinicians should be less reluctant to increase the dose of salbutamol infusion, solely based on tachycardia.
Indicators of Natural and Anthropogenic Emission Source Impact
Authors: Cecinato Angelo , Bacaloni Alessandro , Romagnoli Paola , Perilli Mattia , Balducci Catia 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The composition of organic fraction released in emissions varies with its nature and contour conditions; hence, the chemical signature of atmospheric particulate matter and dusts are investigated to identify the pollution sources and assess the respective aftermaths on environment and health. For this purpose, three complementary tools are usually adopted, i.e. specific source markers, concentration ratios of pairs of congeners, and percent distribution profiles of homologues (including derived “carbon preference indexes”). This paper provides an overview of investigations dealing with chemical signature of emission sources, applied to non-polar aliphatic (alkanes), aromatic (PAHs, Nitro-PAHs) and polar (fatty acids, organic halides, polysaccharides) organics affecting atmospheric particulate matter and deposition dust. Despite a rich literature is nowadays available, further investigations seem necessary to clarify the nature, sources and behaviors of mid-volatile, non-polar organic contaminants. More sophisticated investigations have gained importance recently (principal component analysis, source factorization modelling), nevertheless molecular fingerprints remain suitable to draw primary insights about the nature and impact of sources of environmental pollution.
How does energy technology innovation affect total factor ecological efficiency: Evidence from China.
Authors: Li Tuochen , Shi Ziyi , Han Dongri 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Recently, with the dual constraints of resources and environment, to accelerate the transformation of low-carbon energy driven by energy technology innovation has become a global development trend. On account of the provincial data during the period of 2000 to 2017, we creatively incorporate the ecological footprint into the measurement of total factor ecological efficiency so as to infer the coordinated development level of 3E system more precisely. In this paper, the dynamic spatial impact of energy technological innovation on regional total factor eco-efficiency is explored through the spatial Durbin model, and the complex nonlinear relationship between the two is further probed by constructing the panel threshold model. The following conclusions are obtained ultimately. First of all, both China's provincial ecological efficiency and energy technology innovation activities possess significant spatial positive correlation, which manifests as the spatial geographical distribution agglomerated by the similar characteristics; Secondly, the regional energy technology innovation has a remarkable spatial effect on ecological efficiency, which displays a U-shaped trend. And compared with the direct effect, the spatial spillover effect is more intense, along with more stronger long-term influence; Finally, taking the level of regional economic development as the moderating variable, the impact of energy technology innovation on eco-efficiency emerges a conspicuous threshold effect with two threshold values. Only when the level of economic development crosses the double threshold, can energy technology innovation activities significantly improve the regional total factor ecological efficiency. After the robustness test and discussion of the empirical model, relevant policy suggestions are put forward based on the conclusions of the paper.
Transglutaminase Effect on the Gelatin-Films Properties
Authors: Baggio Elizete , Scopel Bianca Santinon , Rosseto Marieli , Dettmer Aline , Baldasso Camila 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUND: The development of biodegradable materials, especially those from renewable sources, is important to reduce the impact of plastic waste on the environment. On the other hand, protein-based films have high solubility in water, in addition to limited mechanical properties, which makes their application in high humidity environments a challenge. The enzyme transglutaminase (TGase) can reduce the interaction of gelatin films with water, improving these properties, while improving the mechanical properties. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the best condition for using the TGase enzyme, through variations in the gelatin and enzyme mass, in addition to the time that the enzyme acts on the gelatin, evaluating the properties tensile strength, elongation, and solubility in water. In a second set of experiments gelatin amount was kept fixed at 4%, and other proportions of an enzyme (1% and 5% w/w gelatin) were studied, evaluating beyond these properties the degradation in simulated soil through thermogravimetry analysis and Fourrier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR).RESULTS: It was concluded that the higher concentration of TGase (5%) promoted a greater reduction in the solubility of the films, making the films more resistant to biodegradation, facilitating their application due to the increase in their useful life.CONCLUSION: At the end of the degradation test, it was noticed that the films were degraded, presenting the potential for substitution of polymers of fossil origin, which could be an alternative to the problem of polymeric residues in the environment.
Attitudes of University Members toward Accepting Students with Intellectual Disabilities: a systematic review study
Authors: Alanazi Adel , Gadelmawla Ahmed 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This aim of this article is to examine the attitudes of university members towards accepting students with intellectual disabilities (ID). To gather relevant data, 12 articles were selected from a wide range of online databases using a three-step search strategy. First, the search strategy and keywords were used to shortlist 31 articles. Second, inclusion–exclusion criteria were applied from which 23 articles were shortlisted. Finally, 12 articles were selected for the article based on the criteria for quality assessment. The examination of these selected articles revealed significant findings regarding the positive attitude of the university members towards students with ID. In 7 of the 12 articles, common findings included the positive attitude of teachers and university members towards accepting students with ID. Further, it can be concluded from the findings that universities have been adopting some key measures to improve the acceptance of students with ID. These measures include teacher training, the use of technology, effective lesson planning, curriculum design, and help to enhance student skills. However, substantial challenges remain in accepting students with ID and fulfilling their personal and educational requirements.
Structure-antioxidant Activity (Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity) Relationships of Phenolic Compounds
Authors: Sakurai Shuhei , Kawakami Yuta , Kuroki Manabu , Gotoh Hiroaki 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Antioxidant capacity is the extent to which a compound can eliminate reactive oxygen species, and in vitro methods for its chemical evaluation have been proposed. Among these methods, the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay comes close to the oxidation reaction in the living body because it generates radical species that mimic the lipid peroxyl radical involved in the peroxidation reaction of biological components and react in a phosphate buffer. In this study, PM7, a semi-empirical molecular orbital method, was used to calculate the thermodynamic properties (bond dissociation enthalpy, ionisation potential, and proton affinity) associated with ORAC. We also applied the clusterwise linear regression analysis as a statistical method for grouping the antioxidants by structure. By analysing the data for antioxidants, the trend in the hydrophilic ORAC values was determined using the calculated structures and bond dissociation enthalpies of the groups classified according to the presence or absence of oxygen functional groups in the ortho position of phenol. Further studies of indicators other than bond dissociation enthalpy are needed to predict the ORAC of other antioxidants such as flavonoids and indoles.
Identification of Candidate Genes for Clubroot-Resistance in Brassica oleracea using QTL-Seq
Authors: Ce Fuquan , Mei Jiaqin , He Haiyan , Zhao Yu , Hu Wenhui , Yu Fengqun , Li Qinfei , Ren Xuesong , Si Jun , Song Hongyuan , Qian Wei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Clubroot caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae is a devastating disease of cabbage (Brassica oleracea). To identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for clubroot resistance (CR) in B. oleracea, genomic resequencing was carried out in two sets of extreme pools that constructed from 184 F2 cloned-lines derived from cross between clubroot-resistant cabbage ‘GZ87’ (against race 4) and susceptible cabbage ‘263’. QTL-seq analyses identified one CR QTL from group I on chromosome C07 and four QTLs from group II on C04 and C07, among which three QTLs of C07 that found from group II were located within the one detected from group I. RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR were conducted in the extreme pools of group II before and after inoculation identified two potential candidate genes (Bol037115 and Bol042270) from the three QTLs interval on C07, which exhibiting up-regulation after inoculation in the resistant pool but down-regulation in the susceptible pool. A functional marker ‘SWU-OA’ was developed from one QTL on C07, exhibiting ~95% accuracy in identifying CR in 56 F2 lines. Our study will provide valuable information on digging resistance genes against P. brassicae and may accelerate breeding process of B. oleracea with CR.Key Message ﻿QTLs and potential candidate genes for clubroot resistance were identified in Brassica oleracea
In-Situ Synthesis of Flexible Nanocellulose/Carbon Nanotube/Polypyrrole Hydrogels for High-Performance Solid-State Supercapacitors
Authors: Zhan Yang , Hu Yang , Chen Yu , Yang Quanling , Shi Zhuqun , Xiong Chuanxi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Nanocellulose has become one of the most attractive matrix materials for flexible supercapacitors, owing to the high surface area, good mechanical properties and environmental friendliness. Herein, we developed electrode materials with high capacitance and mechanical flexibility through the in-situ synthesis of polypyrrole (PPy) in TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibril (TOCN)/sulfonated carbon nanotubes (SCNT) composite hydrogels. The TOCN/SCNT/PPy composite hydrogels were thus obtained via a bifunctional Fe3+ in-situ oxidation, showing high speciﬁc capacitance of 5299 mF/cm2 at a current density of 1 mA/cm2. Furthermore, the assembled symmetric TOCN-40SCNT-PPy solid-state supercapacitor exhibited outstanding capacitance of 375 mF/cm2 and electrochemical stability with 163.2% capacitance retention at a current density of 1 mA/cm2 for 2500 cycles. These nanocellulose/carbon nanotube/polypyrrole hydrogels are thus promising in the fields of flexible solid-state supercapacitor with superior electrochemical performance.
Mechano-Chemically Activated Fly-Ash and Sisal Fiber Reinforced PP Hybrid Composite With Enhanced Mechanical Properties
Authors: Maurya Atul Kumar , Gogoi Rupam , Manik Gaurav 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This study explores the hybridizing effect of mechano-chemical activated fly-ash (FA) in sisal fiber reinforced polymer composites. Activation and resistance against agglomeration of FA has been achieved by modifying it with 2, 4, and 6 wt.% of the cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (C‑tab). FA activation with C-tab and particle size reduction to nano-level (<1µm) have been appropriately achieved with a planetary ball milling and the same has been confirmed from the dynamic light scattering technique. The hybrid composite containing 25 wt.% of sisal fiber and 5 wt.% of (6 wt.% C-tab) treated FA shows much improved tensile (40.12 MPa), flexural (53.27 MPa), and impact strengths (0.75 kJ/m2) than that of neat PP and composite reinforced with only 30 wt.% of sisal fiber. This increase in tensile and flexural strength was 30.54% and 48% higher than neat PP. Maximum notched impact strength of 0.80 kJ/m2 have been reported by hybrid composite containing FA treated with 2 wt.% of the C-tab. Micromechanical modelling using a combination of rule of mixture and inverse rule of mixture separately with Halpin-Tsai predicted a value close to the experimental Young’s modulus. DSC studies showed an increment in the composite's crystallinity upon fiber addition. Morphological analysis of the hybrid composite revealed good wettability of reinforcing fiber and FA within the matrix, whereas TGA showed an improved thermal stability of the composites.
Identifying Risk Factors and Incidence Rates for Recurrent Cesarean Scar Pregnancy: A Nested Case-Control Study
Authors: He Sili , Zeng Fei , Fan Zhiwen , Tian Qi , Jiang Jianfa , Pan Qiong , Yi Shuijing 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) is a rare and dangerous ectopic pregnancy. CSP is a late severe complication of cesarean section. In recent years, with the introduction of the comprehensive second birth policy in China, the incidence of CSP and recurrent CSP has increased. However, there are no clear data available regarding the risk factors related to recurrent CSP in the literature. To identify risk factors and incidence rates for recurrent CSP. Methods: A total of 1000 CSP patients were followed up for 66 ± 19.5 months. Among them, 86 developed recurrent CSP during the follow-up period (group 1), and the remaining without recurrence were group 2. The clinical data of these cases were reviewed in this retrospective study. Results: The incidence rate of recurrent CSP is 8.6%, and the risk factors were a history of ectopic pregnancy and prior abortions. The incidence of RCSP in patients >-35-years-old was significantly lower than that in patients <35-years-old (P=0.031).Conclusions: Previous ectopic pregnancy is an independent risk factor for RCSP. Additionally, the higher the number of induced abortions, the higher the incidence of RCSP.