bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
4‐Methylumbelliferone treatment and hyaluronan inhibition as a therapeutic strategy for chronic prostatitis
Authors: Chen Jing , Meng Jialin , Jin Chen , Mo Fan , Ding Yang , Gao Xiaomei , Zhang Li , Zhang Meng , Liang Chaozhao 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundHyaluronan (HA), an extracellular matrix component, accumulates in most chronic inflammatory tissues. Here, we studied the impact of HA on the pathogenesis of chronic prostatitis.Materials and MethodsFirst, we sorted demographic characteristics and peripheral blood serum samples from patients with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) to assess the relationship between the levels of HA in peripheral blood serum and the severity of inflammation in patients. Second, we induced an experimental autoimmune prostatitis (EAP) mouse model and treated the mice with 4‐methylumbelliferone (4‐MU) (200 mg/kg/day). After the mice were sacrificed, RNA from Th1 cells of the mouse spleens was extracted for RNA sequencing. We used weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify co‐expressed gene modules and hub‐gene related to the pathogenesis of EAP. The expression of critical genes associated with the identified pathway was confirmed by using western blot analysis.ResultsHA was significantly more highly expressed in CP/CPPS patients than in healthy volunteers and positively correlated with the severity of pain, urination symptoms, and quality of life. Besides, the protein expression of HA was significantly higher in prostate tissues derived from EAP models than in those derived from controls. 4‐MU, an oral inhibitor of HA synthesis, relieved immunocyte infiltration to the prostate and significantly reduced the proportion of Th1 cells. Based on the WGCNA, we identified 18 co‐expression modules and identified that the Grey60 and brown modules were positively associated with the EAP and negatively associated with the Control and 4‐MU‐treated groups. Pathway enrichment analyses and western blot assays proved that HA potentially activated the cell cycle pathway, increasing the proportion of Th1 cells promoting chronic prostatitis pathogenesis, while these processes were reversed by 4‐MU treatment.ConclusionsOur results suggest that HA is elevated in patients with CP/CPPS compared with healthy controls and that targeting HA through 4‐MU suppresses the activity of the cell cycle‐related pathway, potentially by decreasing the proportion of Th1 cells and relieving chronic prostatitis. Our findings might inspire the clinical treatment of chronic prostatitis.
Pharmacometrics meets statistics—A synergy for modern drug development
Authors: Ryeznik Yevgen , Sverdlov Oleksandr , Svensson Elin M. , Montepiedra Grace , Hooker Andrew C. , Wong Weng Kee 
Published: July 2021

AbstractModern drug development problems are very complex and require integration of various scientific fields. Traditionally, statistical methods have been the primary tool for design and analysis of clinical trials. Increasingly, pharmacometric approaches using physiology‐based drug and disease models are applied in this context. In this paper, we show that statistics and pharmacometrics have more in common than what keeps them apart, and collectively, the synergy from these two quantitative disciplines can provide greater advances in clinical research and development, resulting in novel and more effective medicines to patients with medical need.
Adaptive event‐triggered control for a class of uncertain hyperbolic PDE‐ODE cascade systems
Authors: Li Xia , Liu Yungang , Li Jian , Li Fengzhong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article investigates the event‐triggered stabilization for a class of hyperbolic PDE‐ODE cascade systems with nonlocal term. The presence of unknown parameters in the system brings technical challenges from design to analysis. This compels us to integrate certain powerful dynamic compensation into event‐triggering control mechanism. To solve the problem, by adaptive technique, a compensation strategy is developed to counteract the parametric uncertainties. Then, a desired event‐triggered controller is delicately designed to guarantee that all the signals in the closed‐loop system are bounded and the original system states converge to zero in the norm. Particularly, the event‐triggering mechanism with an additional dynamic signal in the threshold is devised to overcome the negative influence of execution error, while ensuring a positive lower bound for the interexecution intervals. Finally, a simulation example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
Structure and Interface Modification of Carbon Dots for Electrochemical Energy Application
Authors: Cheng Ruiqi , Xiang Yinger , Guo Ruiting , Li Lin , Zou Guoqiang , Fu Chaopeng , Hou Hongshuai , Ji Xiaobo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCarbon dots (CDs) as new nanomaterials have attracted much attention in recent years due to their unique characteristics. Notably, structure and interface modification (carbon core, edge, defects, and functional groups) of CDs have been considered as valid methods to regulate their properties, which contain electron transfer effect, electrochemical activity, fluorescence luminescent, and so on. Additionally, CDs with ultrasmall size, excellent dispersibility, high specific surface area, and abundant functional groups can guarantee positive and extraordinary effects in electrical energy storage and conversion. Therefore, CDs are used to couple with other materials by constructing a special interface structure to enhance their properties. Here, diverse structural and interfacial modifications of CDs with various heteroatoms and synergy effects are systematically analyzed. And not only several main syntheses of CDs‐based composites (CDs/X) are summarized but also the merit and demerit of CDs/X in electrical energy storage are discussed. Finally, the applications of CDs/X in energy storage devices (supercapacitors, batteries) and electrocatalysts for practical applications are discussed. This review mainly provides a comprehensive summary and future prospect for synthesis, modification, and electrochemical applications of CDs.
Functionalized Masks: Powerful Materials against COVID‐19 and Future Pandemics
Authors: Seidi Farzad , Deng Chao , Zhong Yajie , Liu Yuqian , Huang Yang , Li Chengcheng , Xiao Huining 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe outbreak of COVID‐19 revealed the vulnerability of commercially available face masks. Without having antibacterial/antiviral activities, the current masks act only as filtering materials of the aerosols containing microorganisms. Meanwhile, in surgical masks, the viral and bacterial filtration highly depends on the electrostatic charges of masks. These electrostatic charges disappear after 8 h, which leads to a significant decline in filtration efficiency. Therefore, to enhance the masks’ protection performance, fabrication of innovative masks with more advanced functions is in urgent demand. This review summarizes the various functionalizing agents which can endow four important functions in the masks including i) boosting the antimicrobial and self‐disinfectant characteristics via incorporating metal nanoparticles or photosensitizers, ii) increasing the self‐cleaning by inserting superhydrophobic materials such as graphenes and alkyl silanes, iii) creating photo/electrothermal properties by forming graphene and metal thin films within the masks, and iv) incorporating triboelectric nanogenerators among the friction layers of masks to stabilize the electrostatic charges and facilitating the recharging of masks. The strategies for creating these properties toward the functionalized masks are discussed in detail. The effectiveness and limitation of each method in generating the desired properties are well‐explained along with addressing the prospects for the future development of masks.
Sensitivity of subcellular components of neuromuscular junctions to decreased neuromuscular activity
Authors: Deschenes Michael R. , Trebelhorn Audrey M. , High Madeline C. , Tufts Hannah L. , Oh Jeongeun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMuscle unloading imparts subtotal disuse on the neuromuscular system resulting in reduced performance capacity. This loss of function, at least in part, can be attributed to disruptions at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). However, research has failed to document morphological remodeling of the NMJ with short term muscle unloading. Here, rather than quantifying cellular components of the NMJ, we examined subcellular active zone responses to 2 weeks of unloading in male Wistar rats. It was revealed that in the plantaris, but not the soleus muscles, unloading elicited significant (P ≤ 0.05) decrements in active zone staining as measured by Bassoon, and calcium channel expression. It was also discovered that unloading decreased the area of calcium channels staining relative to active zone areas of staining suggesting potential interference in the ability of calcium influx to trigger the release of vesicles docked at the active zone. Post‐synaptic adaptations of the motor endplate were not evident. This presynaptic subcellular size reduction was not associated with atrophy of the underlying plantaris muscle fibers, although atrophy of the weight‐bearing soleus fibers, where no subcellular remodeling was evident, was noted. These results suggest that the active zone is highly sensitive to alterations in neuromuscular activity, and that morphological adaptation of excitatory and contractile components of the NMJ can occur independently of each other.
Therapeutic potential of ubaien for refractory gastrointestinal diseases: Japanese case reports and literature review
Authors: Uneda Kazushi , Kayo Takumi , Akiba Shuichiro , Saito Ryuji , Ueno Takaharu , Suzuki Masao , Mitsuma Tadamichi 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTCasePatient 1 was a 56‐year‐old woman with systemic sclerosis; her symptoms were nausea and vomiting. Patient 2 was a 63‐year‐old woman with irritable bowel syndrome; her symptoms were diarrhea and abdominal pain. Both patients had been treated with various Kampo medicines for several years. However, their symptoms and signs had not improved. On admission, we observed an objective feeling of heat on the abdominal surface of both patients, although they both reported a subjective cold feeling in their limbs.OutcomeAfter the administration of ubaien, the gastrointestinal symptoms promptly began to decrease in both patients. The general condition continued to improve after hospital discharge in both cases.ConclusionUbaien may be effective for treating refractory gastrointestinal disorders in patients with tangled cold and heat.
Learning molecular potentials with neural networks
Authors: Gokcan Hatice , Isayev Olexandr 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe potential energy of molecular species and their conformers can be computed with a wide range of computational chemistry methods, from molecular mechanics to ab initio quantum chemistry. However, the proper choice of the computational approach based on computational cost and reliability of calculated energies is a dilemma, especially for large molecules. This dilemma is proved to be even more problematic for studies that require hundreds and thousands of calculations, such as drug discovery. On the other hand, driven by their pattern recognition capabilities, neural networks started to gain popularity in the computational chemistry community. During the last decade, many neural network potentials have been developed to predict a variety of chemical information of different systems. Neural network potentials are proved to predict chemical properties with accuracy comparable to quantum mechanical approaches but with the cost approaching molecular mechanics calculations. As a result, the development of more reliable, transferable, and extensible neural network potentials became an attractive field of study for researchers. In this review, we outlined an overview of the status of current neural network potentials and strategies to improve their accuracy. We provide recent examples of studies that prove the applicability of these potentials. We also discuss the capabilities and shortcomings of the current models and the challenges and future aspects of their development and applications. It is expected that this review would provide guidance for the development of neural network potentials and the exploitation of their applicability.This article is categorized under:Data Science > Artificial Intelligence/Machine LearningMolecular and Statistical Mechanics > Molecular InteractionsSoftware > Molecular Modeling
Digital solutions for continued operation of WRRFs during pandemics and other interruptions
Authors: Rahman Arifur , Belia Evangelia , Kirim Gamze , Hasan Mahmudul , Borzooei Sina , Santoro Domenico , Johnson Bruce 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper includes survey results from 17 full‐scale water resource recovery facilities (WRRFs) to explore their technical, operational, maintenance, and management‐related challenges during COVID‐19. Based on the survey results, limited monitoring and maintenance of instrumentation and sensors are among the critical factors during the pandemic which resulted in poor data quality in several WRRFs. Due to lockdown of cities and countries, most of the facilities observed interruptions of chemical supply frequency which impacted the treatment process involving chemical additions. Some plants observed influent flow reduction and illicit discharges from industrial wastewater which eventually affected the biological treatment processes. Delays in equipment maintenance also increased the operational and maintenance cost. Most of the plants reported that new set of personnel management rules during pandemic created difficulties in scheduling operator's shifts which directly hampered the plant operations. All the plant operators mentioned that automation, instrumentation, and sensor applications could help plant operations more efficiently while working remotely during pandemic. To handle emergency circumstances including pandemic, this paper also highlights resources and critical factors for emergency responses, preparedness, resiliency, and mitigation that can be adopted by WRRFs.
State Medicaid and CHIP options and child insurance outcomes: An investigation of 83 state options with state‐level panel data
Authors: Reinbold Gary W. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMedicaid and the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) both combine federal mandates to cover certain services and groups with state options in providing that coverage and in covering other services and groups. Using state‐level panel data, we investigated the relationships of 83 state Medicaid and CHIP options with 2 child insurance outcomes from 2008 to 2018 using structural equation modeling, controlling for 10 possible demographic and economic variables, state fixed effects, and a quadratic year count variable. Our results suggest that eliminating asset tests for children's and parents’ coverage, eliminating or reducing waiting periods for children's coverage, providing express and continuous eligibility for children's coverage, and eliminating face‐to‐face interview requirements for children's coverage may have been especially important in reducing child uninsurance rates and increasing the percentage of children covered by means‐tested public insurance.
Converting a Cohort Component Model into a Microsimulation Model
Authors: Marois Guillaume , KC Samir 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this chapter, we show and explain the code that reproduces the multistate projection of India described in Chap. 10.1007/978-3-030-79111-7_2 into a microsimulation model. The microsimulation code is divided into modules for each demographic event, namely the mortality, the education, the fertility, the domestic migration, and the reclassification of rural to urban areas. Section by section, we explain the code for the simulation and the production of outputs. We also a basic validation of the mode. The code file “Chapter 3—Replicating multistate.sas” contains the final complete code that generates the simulation for 2010–2060, including the setting up of the workspace (see Chap. 10.1007/978-3-030-79111-7_2).
Adding New Dimensions
Authors: Marois Guillaume , KC Samir 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis chapter shows how implementing new dimensions into the microsimulation model. As examples, we add two dimensions that can hardly be implemented in a classical projection model: the labour force participation and the sector of activity (formal/informal). Those modules are implemented through statistical modeling using regression parameters. They use as predictors individual characteristics, such as age, sex, region, education, and for women, a binary variable indicating if she gave birth to a child within the last five years. Those two new variables are thus dynamically implemented, as assumptions on fertility have a direct impact on their outcomes.
Building Alternative Scenarios
Authors: Marois Guillaume , KC Samir 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNew dimensions added in the projection models in Chap. 10.1007/978-3-030-79111-7_4, the labour force participation and the sector of activity, are modelled using regression parameters. In this chapter, we show how building alternative scenarios with this type of inputs. In the first example, we test an assumption in which women with young children at home have the same participation rate as other women. The second example, we test a scenario in which labour force participation rates of women gradually increase and reach those of men by 2060. The code to implement those alternative scenarios is explained, and some results are presented.
Mental health service use among migrant and Swedish-born children and youth: a register-based cohort study of 472,129 individuals in Stockholm
Authors: Gubi Ester , Sjöqvist Hugo , Viksten-Assel Karima , Bäärnhielm Sofie , Dalman Christina , Hollander Anna-Clara 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Migrant children underutilize mental health services (MHS), but differences according to age, reason for migration, type of problem, and time have not been thoroughly analyzed. We aimed to explore utilization of MHS among migrant children and youth and to study if the hypothesized lower utilization could be explained by fewer neurodevelopmental assessments.

Methods
A cohort of the population aged 0–24 years in Stockholm, comprising 472,129 individuals were followed for maximum 10 years, between January 1, 2006 and December 31, 2015. We categorized individuals as accompanied refugee migrants, unaccompanied refugee migrants and non-refugee migrants, or Swedish-born. We used survival and logistic analyses to estimate rates of utilization of MHS.

Results
Migrant children and youth utilized less MHS than the majority population, with hazard ratios ranging from 0.62 (95% CI: 0.57; 0.67) to 0.72 (95% CI: 0.69; 0.76). Refugee and non-refugee children utilized less mental health care than their Swedish peers, apart from the youngest refugees (0–10 years) who had similar utilization as Swedish-born. The lower rates were partly explained by all migrant youths’ lower risk of being diagnosed with a neurodevelopmental condition. Time in Sweden had a major impact, such that unaccompanied refugee minors had a higher utilization in their first 2 years in Sweden (OR: 3.39, 95% CI: 2.96; 3.85).

Conclusion
Migrant youth use less MHS compared with native-born peers, and this is partly explained by fewer neurodevelopmental diagnoses. Strengthening the awareness about unmet needs, and the referring capacity by professionals in contact with migrant children could help reduce barriers to care.
Risk factors for recurrence of pelvic organ prolapse after vaginal surgery among Ugandan women: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Kayondo Musa , Geissbüehler Verena , Migisha Richard , Kajabwangu Rogers , Njagi Joseph , Kato Paul Kalyebara , Fajardo Yarine , Lugobe Henry Mark , Kaye Dan Kabonge 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Introduction and hypothesis
This study was aimed at determining the recurrence rate and risk factors for the recurrence of pelvic organ prolapse (POP), at 1 year post-vaginal reconstructive surgery in a resource-limited setting.

Methods
We enrolled women who underwent vaginal surgery for POP at the urogynecology unit of Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH) in southwestern Uganda between December 2018 and February 2020. The surgeries that were performed include anterior colporrhaphy for cystocele, posterior colporrhaphy for rectocele, vaginal hysterectomy with vault suspension for uterine prolapse, and cervicopexy in those with uterine prolapse where uterine-sparing surgery was desired. The women were followed up for a period of 1 year after surgery. Pelvic examinations in lithotomy position under maximum strain were carried out to assess for recurrence using the Pelvic Organ Quantification (POP-Q) system. Recurrence was defined as a prolapse of ≥POP-Q stage II. Descriptive analyses and multivariate log binomial regression were performed to determine risk factors for recurrence.

Results
Of the 140 participants enrolled, 127 (90.7%) completed the follow-up at 1 year. The recurrence rate was 25.2% (32 out of 127). Most (56.3%) of the recurrences occurred in the anterior compartment and in the same site previously operated. Women aged <60 years (RR = 2.34; 95% CI: 1.16–4.72; p = 0.018) and those who had postoperative vaginal cuff infection (RR = 2.54; 95% CI: 1.5–4.3; p = 0.001) were at risk of recurrence.

Conclusion
Recurrence of POP was common. Younger women, and those with postoperative vaginal cuff infection, were more likely to experience recurrent prolapse after vaginal repair.
On non-proper intersections and local intersection numbers
Authors: Andersson Mats , Samuelsson Kalm Håkan , Wulcan Elizabeth 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGiven equidimensional (generalized) cycles$$\mu _1$$μ1and$$\mu _2$$μ2on a complex manifoldYwe introduce a product$$\mu _1\diamond _{Y} \mu _2$$μ1⋄Yμ2that is a generalized cycle whose multiplicities at each point are the local intersection numbers at the point. IfYis projective, then given a very ample line bundle$$L\rightarrow Y$$L→Ywe define a product$$\mu _1{\bullet _L}\mu _2$$μ1∙Lμ2whose multiplicities at each point also coincide with the local intersection numbers. In addition, provided that$$\mu _1$$μ1and$$\mu _2$$μ2are effective, this product satisfies a Bézout inequality. If$$i:Y\rightarrow {\mathbb P}^N$$i:Y→PNis an embedding such that$$i^*\mathcal O(1)=L$$i∗O(1)=L, then$$\mu _1{\bullet _L}\mu _2$$μ1∙Lμ2can be expressed as a mean value of Stückrad–Vogel cycles on$${\mathbb P}^N$$PN. There are quite explicit relations between$${\diamond }_Y$$⋄Yand$${\bullet _L}$$∙L.