bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nuclear localization and stabilization of GPS2 depend on arginine methylation and interaction with the cofactor TBL1
Authors: Huang Jiawen , Johnson Holly , Chan Michelle , Lentucci Claudia , Cardamone Maria , Perissi Valentina 
Published: June 2021

G‐protein pathway suppressor 2 (GPS2) is a multifunctional protein involved in the regulation of different metabolic organs. First identified as part of the N‐CoR corepressor complex, GPS2 has been shown to be an important cofactor in the nucleus for mediating transcriptional regulation and meiotic recombination. In addition, we recently reported that GPS2 plays a key non‐transcriptional role in the cytosol where it regulates the pro‐inflammatory tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) pathway by directly interacting with the ubiquitin conjugating enzyme Ubc13 and inhibiting its enzymatic activity. While these observations suggest that GPS2 localization is an important determinant of its molecular function, a clear understanding of GPS2 differential targeting to specific cellular locations is still missing.Here we show that GPS2 nuclear localization is tightly regulated by a fine balance between stabilization and protein degradation, with the interaction between GPS2 and the exchange cofactor TBL1 being required to protect GPS2 from proteasomal degradation and to mediate its nuclear localization. Moreover, our data data indicate that arginine methylation on R323 by PRMT6 plays a critical role in regulating GPS2 stability. Thus, our findings together further support the idea that posttranslational modifications, including ubiquitination and arginine methylation, are necessary to regulate GPS2 molecular function in vivo.
Identification of the Antimicrobial Peptide LL‐37 as a Ligand for Integrin αMβ2 (Mac‐1, CD11b/CD18) Reveals its Role in Macrophage Phagocytosis
Authors: Lishko Valeryi , Moreno Benjamin , Podolnikova Nataly , Ugarova Tatiana 
Published: June 2021

The cathelicidin peptide LL‐37 has numerous immune‐modulating effects and has been implicated in a bactericidal effect. However, the mechanisms by which LL‐37 mediates these activities remain unclear. Our recent elucidation of the recognition specificity of integrin Mac‐1, a major receptor on the surface of myeloid cells, indicated that LL‐37 contains several putative Mac‐1 recognition motifs and could potentially interact with the receptor. Using a peptide library spanning the sequence of LL‐37, we show that the αMI‐domain of Mac‐1 bound several overlapping LL‐37‐derived peptides. The full‐length peptide and its C‐terminal derivative (18‐37) supported strong adhesion of various Mac‐1‐expressing cells, including human U937 monocytic cells, murine IC‐21 macrophages and HEK293 cells transfected with Mac‐1. The cell adhesion to LL‐37 was partially inhibited by mAbs against the αM and β2 integrin subunits, and completely blocked when anti‐Mac‐1 antibodies were combined with heparin, suggesting that cell surface proteoglycans act cooperatively with integrin Mac‐1. Coating both Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria with LL‐37 significantly enhanced their phagocytosis by macrophages, and this process was blocked by a combination of anti‐Mac‐1 mAbs and heparin. Phagocytosis by murine peritoneal macrophages of LL‐37‐coated latex beads, a model of foreign surfaces, was several fold higher than that of untreated beads. Furthermore, LL‐37 potentiated phagocytosis by wild‐type, but not Mac‐1‐deficient macrophages. These results identify LL‐37 as a ligand for integrin Mac‐1 and opsonin, revealing a new aspect of LL‐37 action.NIH Support: NIH HL 63199
Quantifying dynamic host‐microbiota signatures of antibiotic‐associated GI infection: What can the host proteome tell us?
Authors: Elias Joshua , Lichtman Joshua , Sonnenburg Justin 
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVEQuantify and compare the interactions between resident gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota and host proteins shed into the gut lumen under conditions of antibiotic‐induced infection.METHODSUsing mouse models of antibiotic‐associated Salmonella typhimurium and Clostridium difficile infection, we conducted mass spectrometry‐based host‐centric surveys of stool proteins, and microbial community profiling in parallel. Time course profiles allowed us to compare the rates and extents of perturbation and recovery of both microbiota and host proteomes following the administration of two antibiotics, with or without concurrent infection with the enteric pathogens. The influence of fecal transplant on recovery profiles was determined. The resulting pathological proteome and microbiome signatures were further compared with a chemically‐induced colitis model.RESULTSBy assessing the protein component of the intestinal mileau contributed by the host in diverse perturbed states, we identified differentiating proteomic signatures that allowed us to stratify recovery states that were not evident through microbe enumeration alone.CONCLUSIONSWe conclude that the host‐derived intestinal proteome provides an important route towards discovering mechanisms by which host epithelia shape, and are shaped by changes in the commensal microbiota.This work was supported in part by the Stanford Digestive Disease Center (JEE), the NSF GRFP Fellowship (JSL), and NIH grant (R01‐DK085025)
The Anti‐Proliferative Effect of Doxorubicin is Catalyzed through the Proteolytic Activation of CREB3L1
Authors: Denard Bray , Chen Qiuyue , Lee Ching , Pavia‐Jimenez Andrea , Brugarolas James , Ye Jin 
Published: June 2021

Doxorubicin is an extensively used chemotherapy agent, but the drug response rate is low owing to an unclear mechanism of action. Here we report that the anti‐proliferative effect of doxorubicin is dependent upon the proteolytic activation of CREB3L1. CREB3L1 is synthesized as a membrane‐bound precursor. The N‐terminal domain of CREB3L1 projects into the cytosol and can function as a transcription factor. Doxorubicin stimulates the proteolytic cleavage of CREB3L1 to release the N‐terminal domain from the membrane so that it can enter the nucleus to transcribe anti‐proliferative genes. TM4SF20, a polytopic transmembrane protein, plays an important role in the regulation of CREB3L1 proteolytic activation. Under normal conditions, TM4SF20 prevents the proteolytic activation of CREB3L1 precursor. Doxorubicin activates CREB3L1 cleavage by inducing the de novo synthesis of ceramide. The accumulation of ceramide reverses the membrane topology of TM4SF20 by preventing the N‐terminal peptide of TM4SF20 from functioning as a signal sequence. The topology reversal of TM4SF20 leads to the proteolytic activation of CREB3L1. These findings are clinically significant as only cancer cells expressing CREB3L1 are sensitive to doxorubicin both in vitro and in vivo. Our data suggests that CREB3L1 may be used as a biomarker to predict the effectiveness of doxorubicin‐based therapy.Sources of Research Support: National Institutes of Health (AI‐090119, HL‐20948, and AI 70116‐6)
Luminescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy For Analysis Of Oxygen In The Cancer Cell
Authors: Dmitriev Ruslan 
Published: June 2021

Molecular oxygen (O2), the key component of aerobic metabolism, plays important roles in normal and cancer cells and tissues. A real‐time and quantitative O2 imaging in 3D cell models would allow to discriminate complex effects of hypoxia on cell function in complex (heterogeneous) cell populations at subcellular resolution. Here, we used luminescence lifetime imaging (FLIM, PLIM) to develop and evaluate phosphorescent O2 probes with 3D spheroid and multi‐cellular aggregate models. We tested rat embryonic neurosphere culture with cationic nanoparticle O2 probes (MM2, NanO2) and developed O2 imaging protocol, multiplexed with analysis of distribution of specific protein markers such as HIF‐2α. To address the problem of efficient in‐depth staining, we designed two novel intracellular O2 probes: small molecule Pt‐Glc and nanoparticle PA2. Both probes displayed high analytical performance (brightness, photostability, O2 calibration) and were evaluated with rat pheochromocytoma PC12 and human colon cancer HCT116 cell aggregates. Resting cells cultured in 3D aggregates of >50 μm size displayed significant deoxygenation even under ambient atmospheric O2 levels. Still, they showed high viability and experienced different levels of oxygenation, upon treatment with mitochondrial uncouplers, inhibitors or pharmacological drugs. This data confirms the importance of probing of cellular O2 for experiments with 3D cell models. When combined with other live cell imaging dyes, such as markers of necrosis and apoptosis, the method allows for multi‐parameter quantitative assessment of cell physiology within relevant 3D micro‐environment.Supported by Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) grant 13/SIRG/2144.
Hospital Acute Malnutrition Before and After a Three‐Year Multidisciplinary Hospital Nutrition Intervention in a Major Urban General Hospital, Vietnam
Authors: Huong PTT , LAM NT , Thu NN , Quyen TC , Lien DTK , Anh NQ , Henry EG , Oliver L , Collier S , Gura KM , Young LS , Manders A J , Apovian CM , Ziegler TR , Lenders CM 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesChange in % ideal body weigh (IBW) and risk of acute malnutrition after a 3y hospital nutrition intervention.MethodsCross‐sectional data from patients aged 31d‐90y hospitalized in seven key wards were obtained using a one‐day survey method in 2010 and 2013, Bach Mai Hospital. Data included age, sex, admission type, ward, length of stay (LOS), actual/recall weight and height. Exclusions criteria were discharge <24h, unavailability, or lack of nutrition status data (n=85/1474). Acute malnutrition was defined as pediatric wasting or thinness and adult underweight (WHO). Regression analyses were used.Results624 (57% male) patients in 2010 and 765 (58% male) in 2013. At baseline, IBW was 90.8+0.6% with 17%(18/104) pediatric wasting or thinness and 34% (175/520) adults underweight. After adjusting for potential confounding variables including sex, admission type, ward, LOS, and missing actual weight or height, patients admitted in 2013 showed a 3% increase in IBW (3.3+0.8%, p<0.0001) and were 29% less likely to have acute malnutrition (OR: 0.71 [0.55‐0.92]).ConclusionA reduction in hospital acute malnutrition was observed after a nutrition intervention. (Support: the Abbott Fund)
Trends in Nutrition Screening for Hospitalized Patients in Hanoi, Vietnam During a Four‐year Clinical Nutrition Demonstration Project
Authors: Henry Elizabeth , Lien Dinh Thi Kim , Anh Nguyen Quoc , Ly Lai , Miller Jessica , Thu Vu Thi , Lenders Carine 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo assess trends in documentation of medical nutrition practices over the course of a four‐year international partnership between hospital, academia and government, launched to address malnutrition at the main tertiary care hospital in Hanoi, Vietnam.MethodsThis study used a cross‐sectional time‐series design. Data were collected in 7 wards of Bach Mai Hospital in Hanoi by systematically extracting information from medical records of all patients in the ward on 1 day each month. Descriptive analyses were conducted and data was analyzed with run charts to identify trends and shifts, using rules that are based on probability theory.ResultsSince the start of the project, 5 of 7 wards showed significant positive shifts in recording weights of patients at admission, and 4 of 7 showed positive shifts for recording height, indicating positive changes in nutrition screening behaviors. Figure 1 illustrates a positive shift in the Respiratory Ward in percentage of patients with weight taken and documented at admission. Additional significant shifts were found in the ICU and Surgery wards for use of nutrition screening tools and nutrition consults.
imageConclusionData is critical to understand behavior change in a hospital intervention and allows practitioners to advocate for more support from the leadershipFunded by the Abbott Fund.
NUTRITION STATUS OF CHILDREN WITH CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE: IMPACT OF CARDIAC SURGERY
Authors: Tin HT , Nhan LNT , Phuc VM , Linh NPM , Chau TTT , Dung LTK , Cam DT , Hien VTT , Nga TT , Gura KM , Collier S , Ziegler TR , Lenders CM 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of acute malnutrition and low biological markers in children with congenital heart disease (CHD) before and after corrective surgery, Children's Hospital 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.MethodsProspective observational study of 30 consecutive children <24 month old with CHD admitted for corrective surgery, 5‐9/2013. Data included age, cardiac diagnosis, length of hospital stay, among others. Weight, height, serum markers of nutrition, inflammation and immunity were measured before and 1m after surgery. Anthro‐software (WHO) and STATA 12 were used.ResultsThe sample consisted of 30(40% male) patients aged 8.5±4.0m. The interval between diagnosis and surgery was 6.7±3.8m and hospital length of stay 27±14d. A total of 24(80%) children were wasted before and 18(60%) 1m after surgery (P<0.001). At baseline, 14(47%) had anemia, 8(27%) low retinol, 7(23%) low thiamine, and 20(67%) low IGG, among others. There was a significant improvement in the prevalence of low IGG (p=0.018) but not of other biological markers (p>0.05) after surgery.ConclusionEarlier surgery and comprehensive nutrition intervention might further improve these results. (Support: Abbott Fund)
Evaluating Growth Regulating Hormones in Rural Gambian Children
Authors: Nabwera Helen , Bernstein Robin , Jallow Amadou , Jallow Momodou , Liberatore Jennifer , Prentice Andrew 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesTo evaluate the hormonal status in malnourished children during nutritional rehabilitation in order to identify markers of nutritional recovery.MethodsChildren 6‐24 months of age were recruited from the Medical Research Council‐ Keneba clinic. Anthropometric measurements done at baseline and on alternate days. Children were assigned to a group based on their WHO weight/height z scores (WHZ): WHZ<‐2 “malnourished” and WHZ>‐2 “well‐nourished”(WN). Children received WHO F‐75 test meal at baseline. Malnourished children received milk‐based formulas and/or supplementation with ready‐to‐use therapeutic food. We used Quantakine ELISA kits to measure the plasma hormonal levels.ResultsSixty one children were recruited. Median age was 15.4 months. There were significant differences in the levels of leptin, sOBR, IGF‐1, IGFBP3 between malnourished and WN children, (P<0.005). Nutritional supplementation increased WHZ in the malnourished children and induced increases in the levels of leptin, IGF‐1, IGFBP3 and decreases in the levels of (sOBR) and the sOBR: Leptin molar ratio. The levels of leptin at Day 28 in the malnourished children remained below those of the WN, (p<0.005). However, the sOBR, sOBR: Leptin molar ratio, IGF‐1, IGFPB3 and IGF‐1:IGFPB3 molar ratios in the malnourished children on Day 28 were similar to the levels in the WN.ConclusionOur findings suggest that in rural Gambian children leptin alone is not be a good biomarker for nutritional recovery. The sOBR, sOBR: leptin molar ratio, IGF‐1, IGFPB3 and IGF‐1:IGFPB3 molar ratios appear to be better biomarkers.
Willingness to Pay for Nutrition Counseling Services in Vietnam
Authors: Hoang M , Nguyen P , Hajeebhoy N , Menon P , Rawat R 
Published: June 2021

Alive & Thrive Viet Nam, a six year initiative (2009‐2014), has developed and incorporated social franchising in government health services to provide high quality nutrition counseling services (NCS) to improve infant and young child feeding practices. One element of franchising not yet implemented widely is fee for service to address cost recovery for the model. In the long run, the sustainability and feasibility for replication and expansion of the model could rely on clients' willingness to pay (WTP) for the service. This research aims to estimate the client's WTP for the NCS and to examine the potential associated factors with their WTP, using data from 2,511 women with a child <2y old from 4 provinces in Vietnam. An iterative bidding technique was employed to explore individual WTP. The first bid was defined as 20,000 VND (~ 1 USD) which was about the level of the actual service cost. Depending on the responses of “yes” or “no”, the bid increased or decreased, respectively. Finally, the respondents were asked about the highest price they would be willing to pay. Overall, 92.6% of clients reported a need for NCS. The WTP rates at the bid of VND 5,000, 10,000, 20,000, 40,000 and 100,000 were 95.2%, 94.4%, 90.7%, 68.9% and 33.4%, respectively. The mean and median of the maximum WTP were 58,500 and 50,000 VND, respectively. In multiple regression models, WTP rates and WTP amounts were lower among worse‐off wealth index quintiles and farmers. No differences on WTP were found for ethnicity or place of residence. In conclusion, there is a high demand for nutrition counseling services and there is a WTP by almost all segments of society for these services which would potentially cover cost of delivery.Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, through Alive & Thrive, managed by FHI360
Pulse Pressure and Blood Triglyceride Levels among a Young Multi‐Ethnic Group Living in South Florida
Authors: Ajabshir Sahar , Exebio Joel , Zarini Gustavo , Nayer Ali , Vaccaro Joan , Huffman Fatma 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess the relationship between pulse pressure (systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) differences), and blood triglyceride levels in a young multi‐ethnic group living in South Florida.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included 77 young adults, males (n=40) and females (n=37), ages 18‐36 years recruited from Florida International University campus. Serum 25‐hydroxy vitamin D and triglyceride were measured by ELISA method. SBP and DBP were measured by an automated monitor. Alcohol consumption and tobacco use were calculated from a demographic questionnaire. A multi‐linear regression model was run, adjusting for age, body mass index, serum vitamin D level, alcohol consumption and tobacco use.ResultsPulse pressure was positively associated with triglycerides (P=0.002), while 25(OH)D was negatively associated (P=0.047). This association remained significant after controlling for covariates (B=2.541, P=0.002 for pulse pressure, B=‐2.049, P=0.015 for 25(OH)D). The model explained 25.3% of the variation in triglycerides.ConclusionThe results of this study suggest that higher pulse pressure and lower 25(OH)D may be associated with elevated triglycerides levels. Interventions are needed to confirm these results.
Dietary Diversity in Children 6 to 11 Age with Food Insecurity from Food Assistance Programs in San Luis Potosi, Mexico
Authors: Mundo Rosas Verónica , Gaona Pineda Elsa B. , Shamah Levy Teresa , Cuevas Nasu Lucia , Angulo Estrada Juan Salomón 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo Evaluate the dietary diversity in school age children with food insecurity (FI) at their households.Methods: Were analyzed 404 children's information who received food assistance programs in San Luis Potosi, Mexico. Households were classified with FI by the Latin American and Caribbean household food Security measurement scale (ELCSA). Dietetic data were obtained through food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Children's dietary diversity was classified through a rate and terciles. Dietary diversity adjusted proportions were calculated according to FI in households using multinomial regression models. Results: FI was found in 81.2% of the children. 47.1% of those with severe FI have low dietary diversity. A greater proportion of children with severe FI consume legumes. In contrast a grater proportion of children with food security consume meat and sugar‐sweetened drinks.ConclusionDietary diversity and food consumption with better nutrimental quality are determined by FI condition at household. It is necessary to create strategies that improve disponibility and access to nutritive and low price food.Supported by FOMIX, SLP‐COPOCYT. Project: FMSLP‐213‐CO2‐208475
Household Food Insecurity and Sleep Quality among Latinos with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Bermúdez‐Millán Angela , Pérez‐Escamilla Rafael , Segura‐Pérez Sofia , Damio Grace , Chhabra Jyoti , Wagner Julie 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundHousehold food insecurity (HFI) is prevalent among Latinos and related to type 2 diabetes risk. Sleep restriction adversely effects glucose homeostasis. We investigated relationships between HFI and sleep among persons with diabetes. Methods: Cross‐sectional analysis of baseline data (N=116) from the stress management CALMS‐D trial were used. HFI was measured with the 5‐item US Household Food Security Scale which classifies respondents as living in food secure or mildly, moderately or severely food insecure households. Sleep was measured with the 3‐factor model of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). A score of 5 or above indicates inadequate sleep and poor sleep quality. Results: Mean age was 60, 83% were women and mean HbA1c was 8.5%. ANOVA showed an inverse=U shaped association between HFI and sleep quality (<P=.001), after adjusting for confounders. Global PSQI means (SD) were: food secure 4.2 (4.0); mild food insecure 6.9 (4.0); moderate food insecure 8.6 (5.0); severe food insecure 5.4 (4.0). Tukey's LSD post‐hoc tests showed the following significant differences (P<0.05): food secure vs mild and vs moderate food insecurity; moderate vs severe food insecurity.ConclusionsMild and moderate but not severe HFI was associated with poor sleep quality. The lack of findings regarding severe food insecurity might be due to overt hunger that might promote excessive sleeping.
Parent‐child relationships between food insecurity and eating behaviors
Authors: Bruening Meg , Lucio Joanna 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveAnecdotal evidence suggests that parents protect their children from food insecurity and its effects, but few studies have concurrently assessed food insecurity among youth and parents. The purpose of this study was to examine food insecurity and eating behaviors among an urban sample of dyads.MethodsParent‐adolescent dyads (n=57) were recruited to complete surveys from 5 public housing sites in Phoenix, Arizona during 2014. Surveys addressed risk and resiliency factors related to food insecurity including eating behaviors. Multivariate regression assessed the relationship between parent and child behaviors in the context of food insecurity, adjusting for site, parent and child age, gender us‐born status, and household size.ResultsFood insecurity was extraordinarily prevalent with 70.8% of parents reporting food insecurity and 36.9% reporting very low food security. Among adolescents, 48.3% reported some level of food insecurity, with 15.5% reporting very low food security. After adjusting for food insecurity status, parents' and adolescents' fruit, vegetable, sugar‐sweetened beverage consumption were not associated. Significant associations were observed between parents' and adolescents' mindful eating (β=.52; p=.006) and parents' and adolescents' binge eating (OR=14.9; p=.003) were significantly related.ConclusionsParents may protect their children against food insecurity given the lower rates in the adolescents compared to their parents and parents consumed fewer fruits, vegetables and more sugar‐sweetened beverages Interventions addressing food insecurity among parents and adolescents may want to address shared emotional eating and capitalize on shared eating awareness.