bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recovery of iron by jarosite crystallization and separation of vanadium by solvent extraction with extractant 7101 from titanium white waste liquid (TWWL)
Authors: Li Wang , Niu Zepeng , Zhu Xiaobo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The jarosite crystallization and new extractant system for extractant 7101 was used to separate iron and extract vanadium from titanium white waste liquid (TWWL). The influence factors and mechanisms of crystallization and solvent extraction were investigated and analyzed using SEM-EDS, XRD, FT-IR, solution thermodynamic theory and extraction isothermal curve. More than 97% of iron was precipitated with the following conditions: potassium chlorate 15 g/L, pH value of 1.6, temperature of 95 °C and time of 90 min, in which the crystallization product was jarosite with a purity of 99.5%; the pH value of the solution decreased after precipitation. The extraction efficiency of vanadium reached 88.6% with 10% Fe, 5% Al(III) but less for Mg(II), K(I) and Na(I) under the conditions X7101 of 0.5, pH value of 2.0, time of 4 min and stirring speed of 40 r/min. The extraction of metal ions occurred in the order V(V) &gt; Fe(III) &gt; Al(III) &gt; Mg(II) &gt; K(I). Vanadium minimally existed as at pH 2.0, and the functional groups NH and C–N contributed to vanadium extraction using the extractant 7101. Four stages extraction and three stages of re-extraction were predicated by McCable–Thiele plots.
Comments on the contents of the dependability terminology standard
Authors: Zelentsov B. P. 
Published: March 2021

Aim. The long-lasting discussion of the dependability-related terminology is evidence of the relevance of the subject matter and, at the same time, identifies difficulties associated with finding middle-ground solutions. This article aims to eliminate the shortcomings associated with the application of the conventional, yet insufficiently substantiated terms in the GOST 27.002-2015 interstate standard. Correct understanding and use of terms are of great significance. Methods. The paper lays down the requirements for the used terminology in terms of internal logical consistency and identifies specific terms, the use of which violates such requirements. Several terms from the standard underwent a logical and terminological analysis based on statutory requirements and the semantic meanings of such terms. Findings and conclusions. The paper states that the perfection of terms, definitions and basic concepts comes down to the fact that a standard shall not contain synonyms, homonyms and terms previously adopted in other standards with new or modified definitions. The terminological analysis helped to identify the terms whose use is unjustified. It was noted that the term “dependability” is clearly defined as a property, whose content and meaning are set forth with adequate substantiation. However, other definitions of dependability in the standard are not substantiated. Several cases of the use of terms that do not comply with the proposed requirements were considered, e.g., “dependability estimation”, “dependability indicators estimation”, “state of item”, etc.
A method of accounting for censored items as part of fatigue testing of composite materials
Authors: Gadolina I. V. , Maydanov I. S. , Smelov S. A. , Suslova Yu. V. 
Published: March 2021

The Aim of the paper is to create a method for including information on censorship for the purpose of adjusting the estimates of the S-N diagram of composite materials. Censored items are such items that did not fail by the end of testing, for which a certain operation time has been registered. It must be noted that, currently, researchers often ignore the operation time data of the items that did not fail by the end of testing, which does not appear to be justified in terms of cost saving and reliability of statistical conclusions. Censorship information is very important in terms of assessing durability. It only needs the right tool to use it. The proposed Method consists in bootstrapping-based simulation, a method from the group of computer-intensive methods. In the process of the method’s development, the previously used approaches (for instance, as regards metals) were considered. In the examined example of the method’s application, the data was taken from literary sources. Results. The paper shows an example of fatigue testing conducted by the authors that produced a large number of censored items. The results obtained using the method were compared with real data. It is shown that the quality of statistical estimation improves with the use of the method. The paper sets forth certain observations regarding the mechanical testing tool for quality control. The source of data dispersion associated with fatigue testing is discussed. Conclusions. The application of the method will help include the information on censored items in the estimation of the S-N diagram. For scientists who are involved in the experimental research of the fatigue resistance of composite materials, the suggested method might prove to be quite useful. It takes into consideration the characteristic features of the strength analysis of composite materials (large properties dispersion and absence of unlimited fatigue range). The method will allow taking onto account an important, but not always so far used information on the items that operated a certain number of cycles, but did not fail.
Abordagem e tratamento de úlcera de pressão infectada em idosa sob cuidado domiciliar: da atenção primária à especializada
Authors: Campos Guerra Maria Julia , Pereira Alvim Júlia , Oliveira Salles Lucas , Rola Albergaria Roberta Maria , Dantas Teixeira José Carlos , Trovão Queiroz Aline 
Published: March 2021

Nos últimos anos, a população idosa vem aumentando no Brasil e tal fato é acompanhado pelo surgimento de comorbidades, dentre as quais a úlcera por pressão (UP), uma afecção de etiologia multifatorial, considerada problema de saúde pública. Nesse contexto, o cuidado domiciliar prestado pela família do doente, com apoio da equipe da Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF), se apresenta como tática capaz de responder à necessidade real da pessoa com condições crônicas. No âmbito da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS), a equipe da ESF, visando garantir a integralidade do cuidado, é responsável por referenciar, quando necessário, o paciente à Atenção Secundária. Esse artigo objetiva relatar o caso de uma idosa com fatores de risco para UP, que apresentou uma UP em calcâneo infectada por miíase, sendo referenciada ao serviço de Cirurgia Geral de um Hospital Universitário para desbridamento da lesão e, posteriormente, retornando à APS para continuidade do cuidado. Os dados deste relato foram colhidos do prontuário da paciente em um Hospital Universitário. Para revisão e discussão deste artigo foram utilizadas as bases de dados Lilacs, Scielo, Medline, BVS e Pubmed. Ressalta-se a importância do cuidado integral, buscando garantir a promoção, proteção, recuperação, reabilitação e manutenção da saúde do paciente. Desse modo, os cuidadores familiares, orientados por profissionais de saúde, são também atores essenciais na continuidade do cuidado, pois assim, aliando práticas curativas às preventivas, em todos os níveis de atenção à saúde, busca-se uma melhor qualidade de vida para o paciente.
Palavras-chave: Lesão por Pressão; Assistência Domiciliar; Atenção Primária à Saúde; Integralidade em Saúde; Atenção Secundária à Saúde.
Vírus Sincicial Respiratório (VSR): Avanços Diagnósticos
Authors: Rodrigues Souza Goncalves Joelma , Bhering Carlos Alberto 
Published: March 2021

O VSR é a principal causa de infecção aguda do trato respiratório superior e inferior em crianças com até 5 anos de idade e a forma grave da BVA em bebês e menores de 2 anos. O diagnóstico preciso e rápido permite a implementação de estratégias de prevenção e terapias antivirais apropriadas. Ultimamente, observou-se um aprimoramento nos testes para diagnóstico viral. Foram pesquisadas produções científicas de 2015 – 2020. Foram consultadas as bases de dados: Scielo, Bireme-Medline, Lilacs, Cochrane Library e Pubmed. Foram selecionados 55 publicações científicas que preencheram os critérios de inclusão. A infecção pelo VSR pode ser diagnosticada por cultura celular; detecção direta rápida do antígeno viral, detecção do genoma do vírus por técnicas de diagnóstico rápido incluindo RT-PCR, RT-PCR em tempo real e RT-PCR multiplex. Os mais inovadores métodos diagnósticos derivam do conceito de amplificação de ácidos nucleicos, dentre os quais se destacam os ensaios de PCR e suas variantes como a RT-qPCR que possibilita analisar quantitativamente a carga viral numa dada amostra. Destaca-se que o diagnóstico da BVA por VSR deve ser complementado com um teste laboratorial. Ressaltamos as vantagens dos Painéis Multiplex para firmar um diagnóstico preciso e detectar eventuais coinfecções virais e/ou bacterianas, além de evitar o uso desnecessário de antibióticos.
Combinatorial Synthesis of Novel 3/5(3,5)-(Di)nitro/chloropaeonol
Carbonyl Hydrazone Derivatives as Nematicidal Agents
Authors: Chen Genqiang , Zhu Lina , Xia Yanfei , Yang Jinming , Zhang Song , Li Yuanhao , Guo Xiaolong , Sun Di , He Jiaxuan , Tian Yuee , Liu Shengming , Jiang Jia , Che Zhiping 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Developing the high-efficiency and low-risk small-molecule greennematocide
is the key of effective control of the nematodes. Paeonol, is a naturally occurring
phenolic compound, isolated from the root bark of Paeonia suffruticosa and the whole plant of
Cynanchum paniculatum. Due to its crucial phenolic ketone skeleton, modern biological science
research has indicated that paeonol has a wide range of biological activities. The structural
modification of paeonol into paeonol carbonyl hydrazone derivatives is a potential approach for the
development of novel nematodes, which showed more toxicity than paeonol. However, there are
no reports on the nematicidal activity of paeonol carbonyl hydrazone derivatives to control
Heterodera glycines.

Results:
We always endeavor to discover and develop biorational natural products-based pesticidal
agents, 4 significant intermediates and 21 novel 3/5(3,5)-(di)nitro/chloropaeonol carbonyl
hydrazone derivatives were prepared, and their structures well characterized by 1H NMR, HRMS,
MS, and mp. Due to the steric hindrance, the substituents on the C=N double bond of all hydrazine
compounds adopted E configuration. Results of nematicidal activity revealed that, among all
compounds, especially 5-nitropaeonol (5) and 3,5-dinitropaeonol (7) displayed the most potent
nematicidal activity H. glycines in vivo with LC50 values of 0.0323 and 0.0367 mg/mL,
respectively.

Conclusion:
It suggested that for the 3/5(3,5)-(di)nitro/chloropaeonol carbonyl hydrazone
derivatives, a nitro group introduced at C5 position of 1 was necessary for obtaining the potent
compound as nematicidal agents. These preliminary results will pave the way for further
modification of paeonol in the development of potential new nematicides.
Functional Exploration of Chaperonin (HSP60/10) Family Genes and their Abiotic Stress-induced Expression Patterns in Sorghum bicolor
Authors: Nagaraju M. , Kumar Anuj , Jalaja N. , Rao D. Manohar , Kishor P.B. Kavi 
Published: March 2021

Background:Sorghum, the C4 dry-land cereal, important for food, fodder, feed and fuel, is a model crop for abiotic stress tolerance with smaller genome size, genetic diversity, and bioenergy traits. The heat shock proteins/chaperonin 60s (HSP60/Cpn60s) assist the plastid proteins, and participate in the folding and aggregation of proteins. However, the functions of HSP60s in abiotic stress tolerance in Sorghum remain unclear.Methods:Genome-wide screening and in silico characterization of SbHSP60s were carried out along with tissue and stress-specific expression analysis.Results:A total of 36 HSP60 genes were identified in Sorghum bicolor. They were subdivided into 2 groups, the HSP60 and HSP10 co-chaperonins encoded by 30 and 6 genes, respectively. The genes are distributed on all the chromosomes, chromosome 1 being the hot spot with 9 genes. All the HSP60s were found hydrophilic and highly unstable. The HSP60 genes showed a large number of introns, the majority of them with more than 10. Among the 12 paralogs, only 1 was tandem and the remaining 11 segmental, indicating their role in the expansion of SbHSP60s. Majority of the SbHSP60 genes expressed uniformly in leaf while a moderate expression was observed in the root tissues, with the highest expression displayed by SbHSP60-1. From expression analysis, SbHSP60- 3 for drought, SbHSP60-9 for salt, SbHSP60-9 and 24 for heat and SbHSP60-3, 9 and SbHSP10- 2 have been found implicated for cold stress tolerance and appeared as the key regulatory genes.Conclusion:This work paves the way for the utilization of chaperonin family genes for achieving abiotic stress tolerance in plants.
Longitudinal Association between White Matter Hyperintensities and White Matter Beta-Amyloid Deposition in Cognitively Unimpaired Elderly
Authors: Wang Ming-Liang , Yu Meng-Meng , Li Wen-Bin , Li Yue-Hua 
Published: March 2021

Background:
White matter (WM) beta-amyloid uptake has been used as a reference region
to calculate the cortical standard uptake value ratio (SUVr). However, white matter hyperintensities
(WMH) may have an influence on WM beta-amyloid uptake. Our study aimed to investigate
the associations between WMH and WM beta-amyloid deposition in cognitively unimpaired
elderly.

Methods:
Data from 83 cognitively unimpaired individuals in the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging
Initiative (ADNI) dataset were analyzed. All participants had complete baseline and four-year
follow-up information about WMH volume, WM 18F-AV-45 SUVr, and cognitive function, including
ADNI-Memory (ADNI-Mem) and ADNI-Executive function (ADNI-EF) scores. Cross-sectional
and longitudinal linear regression analyses were used to determine the associations between
WMH and WM SUVr and cognitive measures.

Results:
Lower WM 18F-AV-45 SUVr at baseline was associated with younger age (β=0.01,
P=0.037) and larger WMH volume (β=-0.049, P=0.048). The longitudinal analysis found an annual
increase in WM 18F-AV-45 SUVr was associated with an annual decrease in WMH volume
(β=-0.016, P=0.041). An annual decrease in the ADNI-Mem score was associated with an annual
increase in WMH volume (β=-0.070, P=0.001), an annual decrease in WM 18F-AV-45 SUVr
(β=0.559, P=0.030), and fewer years of education (β=0.011, P=0.044). There was no significant association
between WM 18F-AV-45 SUVr and ADNI-EF (P>0.05).

Conclusions:
Reduced beta-amyloid deposition in WM was associated with higher WMH load and
memory decline in cognitively unimpaired elderly. WMH volume should be considered when WM
18F-AV-45 SUVr is used as a reference for evaluating cortical 18F-AV-45 SUVr.
Leading predictors of early and late hospital mortality among patients with acute decompensated heart failure and ways to improve prognosis
Authors: Polyakov D. S. , Fomin I. V. , Vinogradova N. G. , Badin Yu. V. , Shcherbinina E. V. , Vaisberg А. R. 
Published: March 2021

Objective: to analyze the leading causes of early (first two days) and late (after the second day) hospital mortality among of patients with acute decompensated heart failure.Materials and methods: a retrospective single-center cohort (n=718) of patients with acute decompensated heart failure.Results: predictors of prognosis for early hospital mortality were pulmonary edema, hepatomegaly, the need for inotropic and vasopressive drugs, the level of systolic blood pressure and creatinine. Predictors of prognosis for late hospital mortality were pulmonary edema, the need for inotropic drugs, community-acquired pneumonia, and laboratory markers of acute renal injury.Conclusion: Tactical approaches are proposed to reduce hospital mortality of patients with acute decompensated heart failure.
Reducing the Impact of Confounding Factors on Skin Cancer Classification via Image Segmentation: Technical Model Study
Authors: Maron Roman C , Hekler Achim , Krieghoff-Henning Eva , Schmitt Max , Schlager Justin G , Utikal Jochen S , Brinker Titus J 
Published: March 2021

Background
Studies have shown that artificial intelligence achieves similar or better performance than dermatologists in specific dermoscopic image classification tasks. However, artificial intelligence is susceptible to the influence of confounding factors within images (eg, skin markings), which can lead to false diagnoses of cancerous skin lesions. Image segmentation can remove lesion-adjacent confounding factors but greatly change the image representation.

Objective
The aim of this study was to compare the performance of 2 image classification workflows where images were either segmented or left unprocessed before the subsequent training and evaluation of a binary skin lesion classifier.

Methods
Separate binary skin lesion classifiers (nevus vs melanoma) were trained and evaluated on segmented and unsegmented dermoscopic images. For a more informative result, separate classifiers were trained on 2 distinct training data sets (human against machine [HAM] and International Skin Imaging Collaboration [ISIC]). Each training run was repeated 5 times. The mean performance of the 5 runs was evaluated on a multi-source test set (n=688) consisting of a holdout and an external component.

Results
Our findings showed that when trained on HAM, the segmented classifiers showed a higher overall balanced accuracy (75.6% [SD 1.1%]) than the unsegmented classifiers (66.7% [SD 3.2%]), which was significant in 4 out of 5 runs (P<.001). The overall balanced accuracy was numerically higher for the unsegmented ISIC classifiers (78.3% [SD 1.8%]) than for the segmented ISIC classifiers (77.4% [SD 1.5%]), which was significantly different in 1 out of 5 runs (P=.004).

Conclusions
Image segmentation does not result in overall performance decrease but it causes the beneficial removal of lesion-adjacent confounding factors. Thus, it is a viable option to address the negative impact that confounding factors have on deep learning models in dermatology. However, the segmentation step might introduce new pitfalls, which require further investigations.
Measurement of Heart Rate Using the Polar OH1 and Fitbit Charge 3 Wearable Devices in Healthy Adults During Light, Moderate, Vigorous, and Sprint-Based Exercise: Validation Study
Authors: Muggeridge David Joseph , Hickson Kirsty , Davies Aimie Victoria , Giggins Oonagh M , Megson Ian L , Gorely Trish , Crabtree Daniel R 
Published: March 2021

Background
Accurate, continuous heart rate measurements are important for health assessment, physical activity, and sporting performance, and the integration of heart rate measurements into wearable devices has extended its accessibility. Although the use of photoplethysmography technology is not new, the available data relating to the validity of measurement are limited, and the range of activities being performed is often restricted to one exercise domain and/or limited intensities.

Objective
The primary objective of this study was to assess the validity of the Polar OH1 and Fitbit Charge 3 devices for measuring heart rate during rest, light, moderate, vigorous, and sprint-type exercise.

Methods
A total of 20 healthy adults (9 female; height: mean 1.73 [SD 0.1] m; body mass: mean 71.6 [SD 11.0] kg; and age: mean 40 [SD 10] years) volunteered and provided written informed consent to participate in the study consisting of 2 trials. Trial 1 was split into 3 components: 15-minute sedentary activities, 10-minute cycling on a bicycle ergometer, and incremental exercise test to exhaustion on a motorized treadmill (18-42 minutes). Trial 2 was split into 2 components: 4 × 15-second maximal sprints on a cycle ergometer and 4 × 30- to 50-m sprints on a nonmotorized resistance treadmill. Data from the 3 devices were time-aligned, and the validity of Polar OH1 and Fitbit Charge 3 was assessed against Polar H10 (criterion device). Validity was evaluated using the Bland and Altman analysis, Pearson moment correlation coefficient, and mean absolute percentage error.

Results
Overall, there was a very good correlation between the Polar OH1 and Polar H10 devices (r=0.95), with a mean bias of −1 beats·min-1 and limits of agreement of −20 to 19 beats·min-1. The Fitbit Charge 3 device underestimated heart rate by 7 beats·min-1 compared with Polar H10, with a limit of agreement of −46 to 33 beats·min-1 and poor correlation (r=0.8). The mean absolute percentage error for both devices was deemed acceptable (<5%). Polar OH1 performed well across each phase of trial 1; however, validity was worse for trial 2 activities. Fitbit Charge 3 performed well only during rest and nonsprint-based treadmill activities.

Conclusions
Compared with our criterion device, Polar OH1 was accurate at assessing heart rate, but the accuracy of Fitbit Charge 3 was generally poor. Polar OH1 performed worse during trial 2 compared with the activities in trial 1, and the validity of the Fitbit Charge 3 device was particularly poor during our cycling exercises.
SISTEM INFORMASI PEMESANAN TIKET KAPAL MENTAWAI FAST KOTA PADANG BERBASIS WEB
Authors: Saeppu Julianus , Mary Thomson , Mulyono Heri 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT Mentawai Fast is a company engaged in the field of transportation services. The problem is that there is no web-based ship ticket booking information system, ticket purchases are still manual or a passenger must go to the agent to buy tickets and requires a long time. In this system, it starts with analyzing the current system, which is done by output design, input design, file design. The research method used is SDLC (System Devolopment Life Cyle) with stages a). Planning, b) Analysis, c) Designing Systems and Software, d). Implementation, using design tools, namely UML (Unified Modeling Language). With the design of this ordering information system, it is expected to provide maximum service to customers and minimize errors in data processing. The benefits of this ordering information system are expected to improve service to customers and facilitate the transaction process faster and easier. Keywords: Information Systems, Tickets, Web, PHP, SDLC, UML
How Do Firms Change Investments Based on MD&A Disclosures of Peer Firms?
Authors: Cho Hyunkwon , Muslu Volkan 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
We show that a firm's one-year-ahead capital investments and inventory increase (decrease) when peer firms' Management Discussion and Analysis (MD&A) narratives become more optimistic (pessimistic). This finding is driven by firms that access peer firms' 10-K filings within seven days of their filing date, and remains after controlling for other determinants of a firm's investments as well as economic connections between the firm and peer firms. Moreover, a firm's investment response varies based on content in peer firms' MD&A narratives. For instance, a firm makes more (less) capital investments when peer firms become more optimistic in their narratives that discuss the industry and investments (competition). Our findings provide broad insights on the information content and proprietary costs of MD&A disclosures.
Data Availability: All non-textual data are available from sources identified in the text. Textual data generated by this study are available upon request.
JEL Classifications: L1; D25.