bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adsorption equilibrium and kinetics of methylene blue on rice husk ash straw Composites
Authors: Liguang Xiao , Ke Sun 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this paper, corn straw in Jilin area was used as the base material, and the corn straw was modified by the alkaline solution system formed by urea trisodium phosphate sodium tetraborate, then the residue of rice husk burning in power plant was added. The rice husk ash / straw composite material was made by spin coating evaporation process, and the adsorption performance of methylene blue in wastewater was explored, and the linear regression analysis was carried out by Origin software The kinetic equation was obtained by regression fitting. The experimental results showed that: when the ratio of rice husk ash and straw was 1:2, the adsorption performance of methylene blue in wastewater was the highest, the adsorption rate was 96.3%, and the maximum adsorption capacity was 578.0mg/g; at the same time, it was found that the kinetic model was in line with the pseudo second order adsorption kinetic model, indicating that the adsorption process of methylene blue in wastewater by rice husk ash / straw composite was mainly chemical reaction.
Analyses of Burr and Exit Thrust Force of Ultrasonic-Assisted Micro-Drilling
Authors: Chen Guangjun , Xu Jinkai , Wang Jingdong , Wang Jiaqi , Yu Huadong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
With the development trend of miniaturization of product production, ultrasonic assisted micro-drilling technology (UAMD) is more widely used in micro-hole processing due to its unique advantages. In this paper, the effect of 20 kHz harmonic vibration on the exit burr of micro-hole during UAMD has been studied. Based on the self-designed micro-hole drilling cell, a series of experiments have been carried out on the typical difficult-to-process material 30CrNiMo8. The experimental results show that compared with the conventional micro-drilling (CMD), the burr of the hole is well suppressed in the UAMD process, and the height of the burr is reduced by about 27.3 %. The manufactured micro-hole exit burr is relatively neat. While in CMD, the exit burr is deformed greatly, the fracture is obvious, and the exit thrust force is generally larger than that in UAMD.
Experimental Comparison of The Two Most Used Vehicle Sideslip Angle Estimation Methods for Model-Based Design Approach
Authors: Chindamo Daniel , Gadola Marco , Bonera Emanuele , Magri Paolo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Vehicle sideslip angle estimation is still one of the most challenging research topics in the automotive industry. Many papers can be found on this topic, where authors propose varied methods to reach the goal. Which is the most effective? After an extensive literature review, two very different methods have been identified as the most used: Extended Kalman Filter with dynamic model and Artificial Neural Network. In this work a comparison among these methods is presented. A fully instrumented car has been used to gather typical vehicle dynamics data and feed the models required for a model-based design approach. Results showed that each method has either positive aspects or drawbacks.
Frictional Loss Mechanism Due to Polygonal Winding Slip of Chain Type CVT
Authors: Nakai Yuichi , Obunai Kiyotaka , Okubo Kazuya , Hayakawa Junpei , Toyohara Kouhei , Muramatsu Takeshi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The objective of this study is to investigate the influence of frictional loss due to polygonal winding slip on the gross energy loss of chain type CVTs. The frictional losses between rocker pins and link and that of rocker pins and pulley sheaves were investigated. It was found that the former was very low compared with gross energy loss, on the other hand, the later was relatively large compared with gross energy loss of CVT especially when driving torque was decreased, while the frictional loss was increased with increasing driving torque. This study found that remarkable about 26.5 % was remained as inevitable frictional loss due to polygonal winding slip of the current CVT.
Design of Dynamic Power-Supplying Rescue Implementation Strategy Based on the Common Route of Intelligent Electric Vehicles
Authors: Liu Xinlei , Zhang Yan , Yi Fengyan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In order to solve the problem of breaking down caused by the shortage of electric energy in intelligent electric vehicles, the dynamic power-supplying rescue implementation strategy based on the common route was designed. The detailed rescue request information of vehicles which needed electric energy were designed; The assessing procure for rescue ability of vehicles which received the rescue request was also designed. The rescue implementation strategy will make up for the mileage defect of intelligent electric vehicle to some extent, and will have very good application value.
Mechanism of Liquid Bridges Stretched out of a Liquid Bath
Authors: Wei Xiaofeng , Zou Jun 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In the present paper, we investigate liquid bridges stretched out of a liquid bath. The liquid bridge is formed between a perfectly wetting rod and a liquid bath, and can be stretched vertically at a constant velocity. We record the results with a high-speed camera and analyze the stretching process before the rod stops at a maximum height. The stretching process is mainly controlled by two dimensionless parameters, namely the Froude number and the Ohnesorge number, respectively representing the influence of inertia forces and viscous forces. The profile development, the pinch-off phenomenon and the volume of extracted liquid are studied in detail, particularly on the influences of stretching velocities and liquid viscosities. Finally, we reveal the underlying mechanism using the dimensionless momentum equation.
Research on Resistance to External Pressure of Automobile Cover
Authors: Yang Y W , Fu W Z , Li M Z , Yang J 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The forming process of automobile covers is relatively complicated, various defects often appear. Insufficient resistance to external pressure is one of them. To solve this problem, this paper proposes to increase a pre-stretching process before the stamping process. Through building a series of finite element models for an automobile cover forming process, the influence of different pre-stretching amounts on the thickness and resistance to external pressure are compared. Finally determine the appropriate pre-stretching amount.
Pilot Project of Autonomization of the Control System for a Newag 126N “Nevelo” Tram
Authors: Maciej Szkoda , Maciej Michnej , Aleksandra Lisowska , Maciej Paluch 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Automation and autonomization are indispensable features of the modern economy, including transport. The use of artificial intelligence contributes significantly to increasing the quality of services provided. The use of autonomous control allows to reduce the impact of the risk connected with human factor, ensures reliability, continuity of supply and the possibility of fast, safe and timely movement of goods and people, and even has a positive effect on the environment. The topic of railway autonomy is constantly deepened, and more and more solutions related to it appear in the world. Semi-autonomous and fully autonomous vehicles are operated in Asian, American and European countries and even in Australia. In Europe, there are examples such as the Paris metro or AirRail Link in Great Britain, but also in Poland work has started on a project on autonomous tram control. The research was conducted in 2020 in Krakow, and the test results are presented in the article.
Particle Swarm Optimization-Based Fuzzy PID Controller for Stable Control of Active Magnetic Bearing System
Authors: Bo Wang , Haipeng Geng , Hao Li , Wei Zheng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the application of particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm based fuzzy PID control for the stable control of an active magnetic bearing (AMB) system is studied. Active magnetic bearings are known to be highly nonlinear multivariable systems. An AMB system is used in motors, turbines and various other machineries in different industries to provide an active suspension to the rotor shafts. The heuristic PSO algorithm is applied to optimize the parameters of the PID controller offline. The fuzzy PID controller based on PSO algorithm is designed to adjust the control parameters of AMB system online. The comparison of controlled responses of closed-loop systems resulting from the use of conventional PID, Incomplete differential PID and particle swarm optimization-based fuzzy logic PID control strategies is discussed. The proposed controller performance is superior as compared to PID and incomplete differential PID controllers in improving the system response of an AMB under normal conditions as well as under external disturbances.
Evaluation of MRAC based Adaptive Cruise Control for Semi-Autonomous Vehicle using Virtual Simulation Platform
Authors: Aparow Vimal Rau , Hoong Henry Siew Sheng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Autonomous vehicle is the topic where the automotive industry in the world is emphasizing. It has been a hot topic for the automotive manufacturer in the world in emphasizing Smart City for a safer city in the effort of reducing road accidents due to the mitigation of driver’s error and flaw in computerised auto-pilots. Semi-autonomous vehicles equipped of technologies such as Lane-Keep Assist (LKA), Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) and Autonomous Emergency Braking (AEB) are among the technological discussion topics in self-driving vehicle. This paper illustrates the technique to accomplish the design of an Adaptive Cruise Controller for passenger vehicle in longitudinal direction. The response of the vehicle model is verified using virtual simulation tool, IPG CarMaker. A design methodology of advance PID controller using Model Reference Adaptive Control (MRAC) based PID technique is designed in this study to compare its performance against a conventional PID controller based on different road surface and various vehicle set speed.
Variation law of equivalent bending stiffness of steel-cored aluminum stranded wire under bending
Authors: Yang Jinhui , Xiong Hui , Yan Zhitao , Zha Yifan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Steel core aluminum stranded wire, its abbreviation is ACSR, is a classic multi-stranded wire composed of different materials. Many scholars have used static experiments to study the mechanical properties of steel wire rope structures[1]. In this paper the author use the finite element software ANSYS to carry out numerical simulation on the aluminum-scored steel-cored wire of model LGJ/JL/G1A-300/25, gain a more in-depth understanding of the bending rigidity of the aluminum-steel wire the numerical change law and internal reasons of the bending stiffness of the wire structure.
Study on Stress Characteristics of Multi-arch Tunnel Lining under Weak Surrounding Rock Conditions Based on Field Measurement
Authors: Du Yu , Wang Qiang , Xiao Shilai , Jiang Xinghong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Considering the complexity of stresses on multi-arch tunnel structures under conditions of shallow depth, unsymmetrical pressure and weak surrounding rocks and the actual geological exploration of the Xiaojian Mountain Multi-arch Tunnel, the cross-sections in strongly-weathered section were selected for embedment of monitoring and measurement equipment to monitor in real time the stress of support structures during tunnel construction. In addition, the finite difference software FLAC3D was adopted to study the surrounding rock deformation during the excavation of the multi-arch tunnel. As a result, the stress state and deformation characteristics of the support structures under unsymmetrical pressure and construction disturbance were obtained. Based on the analysis of monitoring data, it can be concluded that under conditions of shallow depth and unsymmetrical pressure, reduction of stress imbalance on the support structures is of utmost importance to the structural stability of a multi-arch tunnel and that the method of cross-validation between monitoring & measurement and numerical simulation enables more accurate analysis of stability of tunnel structure and better guidance for construction.
Review on the evaluation system of river regime change effect in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River
Authors: Yin Dacong , Lu Jinyou , Qu Geng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In recent years, obvious changes have taken place in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and some river regulation projects have gradually lost their original functions. Under the background of “great protection of the Yangtze River”, the rapid economic and social development along the Yangtze River and the continuous enhancement of ecological civilization construction put forward higher requirements for the Yangtze River governance research under the new situation. This paper systematically discusses the characteristics of various evaluation system research methods, introduces the main theories and advantages and disadvantages of AHP in detail, and selects flood control, shipping, beach, water resources utilization and water ecology as the evaluation indexes of APH, and summarizes the previous research results of each evaluation index under the condition of river regime change, so as to provide reference for the formulation and implementation of the control strategy of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Optimization provides theoretical support.
Spatial Coupling Analysis between Color Steel Buildings, Urban Hot Spot and Fire Point —a Case Study of Lanzhou
Authors: Gao Liya , Li Yikun , Yang Shuwen , Song He 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
As a typical product of the transitional stage of urban development, the color steel buildings (CSBs) are easy to cause fire, which is difficult to be extinguished effectively and quickly. This paper aims at the particularity of the geographic location of the CSBs and the lack of joint application with Point of Interest (POI) and fire points in the study of urban fire risk., this paper investigated the fire risk of Lanzhou city based on above three types of data acquired in 2017. The involved data were meshed by kernel density analysis and superposition analysis. Afterward, the pairwise spatial coupling relationship of the data were visualized by two-factor cartography, through which the condition of spatial coupling were obtained. The relationship between the obtained regions and urban fire risk was further compared. The research results show that CSBs and the POI Point are highly coupled with the fire locations of Lanzhou spatially. Thus, the joint application of the two factors can be effectively utilized to evaluate the fire risk in Lanzhou. The phenomena that the CSBs outnumbered the POI Points indicates that the corresponding areas are not well urbanized and have high incidence of fire.
Transport infrastructure problems and the formation of a sustainable logistics system of the city
Authors: Osipova T A , Kuznetsova A A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The article defines the principles of functioning and developing the structure of a multi-communication logistic system of a small city, which develops the level of intellectualization of a Smart City. A system of criteria for monitoring the transport and logistics system of the city is also proposed in order to increase the transparency and manageability of the city transport infrastructure.
Contemporary tools and approaches to urban shrinkage management
Authors: Markwart E , Degtyareva N 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The paper deals with the issues of managing urban shrinkage, gives a brief description of the concept of urban shrinkage, notes the peculiarities of shrinkage in cities, as well as the shortcomings of the negative attitude to managed shrinkage from the policy and management system. Management tools of urban shrinkage in the Russian scientific and special literature have not been given due attention so far. The paper presents two approaches to the structuring of such tools, including the author’s one based on the development of the concept and program of managed shrinkage in the urban-type settlement of Nickel, Murmansk region. The necessity to perceive managed urban shrinkage as an investment project with its own payback and positive social effect is emphasized.
Mini solar water heating biodiesel plant by homogeneous catalyzing
Authors: Ratih Rakasiwi Rinjani , Syaifurrahman  , Gani Usman A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Biodiesel can be generated by the catalytic vegetable oil- transesterification at 45-60°C. The heat requirement for a reaction can be obtained from solar thermal energy. West Kalimantan is crossed by the Equator where the sun shines for 10-15 hours /day. Palm Oil Production reaches 2.2 million tons making biodiesel has great potential to be produced. Implementation from the ideas is mini plant technology with solar water heaters for biodiesel production. Solar water heaters as a source of thermal energy are used as heating fluid in reactor plant. This technology is simple, without the need for electrical energy, low operating costs and environmentally friendly. The purpose of this research is to produce biodiesel by using a homogeneous catalyst of 2% KOH in a mini biodiesel plant with solar water heaters. Solar heaters are designed flat which is capable of producing hot water at 60°C, consists of a heat collector and a water storage tank made of stainless steel and polystyrene as an insulator. Transesterification is carried out for 1 hour at 65°C using homogenous catalyst of 2% - KOH mass. The biodiesel yield obtained 83.42%, fulfills the requirements according to SNI in the Acid Number which is 0.42mg KOH/g and the Methyl Ester content is 99,07%.
Isomerization of Raw Turpentine for Cineole using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) : Influence of Acid Ratios and Residence Time
Authors: Almira Chairany Diva , Elka Yudhatama Nicolaus , Mufti Azis Muhammad , Indarto Antonius 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Turpentine is a potential non-wood product from pine tree forest in Indonesia. Turpentine has a wide application in industry mainly as solvent. Isomerization of turpentine is an attractive route to obtain a higher value fine chemical such as cineole. Acid catalyst is often used for this purpose and screening of numerous combination of acid catalysts is often challenging. Therefore, an investigation of isomerization operating condition is important. The aim of present work is to investigate the influence of several acids ratios, and residence time. The raw turpentine was obtained from PT Perhutani Anugerah Kimia (PAK) Trenggalek, East Java. Here, we have investigated the influence of raw turpentine to acid catalyst ratios as well as residence time using central composite design (CCD) of 22 factorial design. In this work, the strong acid catalysts used is hydrochloric acid (HCl) and the weak acid catalysts is formic acid (HCOOH). The result from GC-MS analyses showed that isomerization of raw turpentine using combination of HCl and formic acid can produce cineole compound along with other valuable products such as camphene and limonene. Herein, we have reported the highest yield of cineole as high as 11.5% which is in close agreement with model prediction. It is expected that this work may provide a useful path for cineole production in a larger production scale.
Effects of Operating Conditions on the Production of Sodium Stearoyl 2- Lactylate
Authors: Handojo L , Shofinita D , Yuventia K , Lindawaty  
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Emulsifier is added in food products to maintain the shape of the food and stabilize it in an emulsion system. One of the emulsifiers commonly used in bread is sodium steroil-2-lactylate (SSL). SSL is the reaction product of stearic acid and lactic acid, with the addition of sodium hydroxide. This study aims to determine the effect of temperature, mole ratio, reaction time, and water vapor elimination in the manufacturing operation of SSL. The variations in this study include the composition ratio of stearic acid, lactic acid, and sodium hydroxide (2.2: 1: 1; 2.4: 1: 1; 2.6: 1: 1), as well as reaction conditions that include temperature (140-200 ° C) and reaction time (3-5 hours). The analysis showed that the acid and saponification values of SSL were inversely related to the increase in temperature and reaction time. The acid and saponification values of the products for the reaction with a mole ratio of 2.6: 1: 1 (lactic acid: stearic acid: NaOH) at 180° C and the reaction time of 5 hours show the lowest acid and saponification values, which were 150.96 mg KOH / g and 246.41 mg KOH / g, respectively. The reaction conversion was inversely proportional to the acid number with a conversion range of 61.73% - 67.79%.
Characterization of anti-scatter grids via a modulation transfer function improvement factor using an edge device
Authors: Maruyama Sho , Saito Hiroki , Shimosegawa Masayuki 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In optimizing the imaging conditions, changes in image quality due to scattered radiation are important evaluation targets. This study focuses on the evaluation of the image quality improvement characteristics obtained using anti-scatter grids in digital x-ray imaging, and proposes a frequency-dependent modulation transfer function (MTF) improvement factor,

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as a new evaluation index. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to clarify the validity and the usefulness of this proposed index in the performance evaluation of grids. The proposed

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method is applied to evaluate several types of grids with different grid densities and ratios, and the characteristics of grids exhibiting different performances are examined. The proposed index is calculated based on the MTF measurement by using an edge test device. The results show that

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changed according to grid type and scatter conditions. In particular, a remarkable difference was observed in the high scatter condition compared with the low condition.

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in the vertical direction with regards to the absorbing strips shows a peak at 0.2–0.5 cycles/mm and be a constant value from approximately 1 cycle/mm; while

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in the parallel direction is a constant value with respect to changes in spatial frequency. It is shown that

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could be used to accurately describe the characteristics of a grid under different imaging conditions. We believe that the use of the proposed index could expand the options for optimizing imaging conditions when using grids.
Surface energy balance of snow cover in the Japanese Alps is similar to that in continental Alpine climates
Authors: Nishimura Motoshi , Sasaki Akihiko , Suzuki Keisuke 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe dynamics of a seasonal snow cover in the temperate cryosphere are critical for discussing climate change and understanding Earth systems. The most basic information is the previously unknown surface energy balance of snow and ice that can describe the snow dynamics in Japanese Alps. We show the surface energy balance properties of seasonal snow cover in the Northern Japanese Alps: one is the net radiation controlling the surface energy balance variation, and the negative latent heat flux (sublimation). We found that the surface energy balance property in this region is similar to that in the continental climate region due to the specific climate of Japan (winter monsoon) and topographic conditions (steep elevation gradient) of the Japanese Alps. This is a novel finding because Japanese seasonal snow cover is thought to accumulate and ablate under a maritime climate. It has been reported that the sensitivity of snow ablation to global warming depends on current atmospheric conditions. The results offer vital context for discussing environmental changes in the temperate cryosphere and environment of the Japanese Alpine region.