bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artificial neural network for bifurcating phenomena modelled by nonlinear parametrized PDEs
Authors: Pichi Federico , Ballarin Francesco , Rozza Gianluigi , Hesthaven Jan S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe aim of this work [1] is to show the applicability of the Reduced Basis (RB) model reduction and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) dealing with parametrized Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) in nonlinear systems undergoing bifurcations.Bifurcation analysis, i.e., following the different bifurcating branches due to the non‐uniqueness of the solution, as well as determining the bifurcation points themselves, are complex computational tasks. Reduced Order Models (ROM) and Machine Learning (ML) techniques can potentially reduce the computational burden by several orders of magnitude.Models describing bifurcating phenomena arising in several fields with interesting applications, from continuum to quantum mechanics passing through fluid dynamics [2–4].Following the approach in [5], we analyzed different bifurcating test cases where both physical and geometrical parameters were considered. In particular, we studied the Navier‐Stokes equations for a viscous, steady and incompressible flow in a planar straight channel with a narrow inlet. We reconstructed the branching solutions and explored a new empirical strategy in order to employ the RB and ANN for an efficient detection of the critical points.All the simulations were performed within the open source software FEniCS and RBniCS for the ROM, while we chose PyTorch to construct the neural network.
Complexity index in sarcoma and genomic grade index gene signatures in rhabdomyosarcoma of pediatric and adult ages
Authors: Ferrari Andrea , Iannó Maria Federica , Carenzo Andrea , Fortunato Orazio , Casanova Michela , Chiaravalli Stefano , Bergamaschi Luca , Bertulli Rossella , Cattaneo Francesca , Collini Paola , Trama Annalisa , Sozzi Gabriella , Massimino Maura , De Cecco Loris , Gasparini Patrizia 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundRhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), the most frequent soft‐tissue sarcoma in childhood, shows extensive heterogeneity in histology, site and age of onset, clinical course, and prognosis. Adolescents and young adults (AYA) with RMS form a subgroup of patients whose survival lacks behind that of children while diagnosed with histologically similar tumors.ProceduresA 67‐gene prognostic signature related to chromosome integrity, mitotic control, and genome complexity in sarcomas (CINSARC) is considered a powerful tool for identifying tumors with a highly metastatic potential. With this study, we investigated the prognostic value of CINSARC signature on a cohort of 48 pediatric (PEDs) and AYAs‐RMS.ResultsCINSARC resulted not significantly correlated with age, suggesting other determinants to be responsible for that difference in survival. It remained a significant prognostic variable in both the groups of PEDs and AYAs. Also, genomic grade index signature was tested on the same cohort and showed very similar results with CINSARC.ConclusionsOur study showed that CINSARC correlated with outcome in RMS patients and may be potentially considered a tool to predict outcome, and so stratify RMS patients.
Effect of fiber surface treatment on the structure and properties of rigid bagasse fibers/polyurethane composite foams
Authors: Qiu Qunlei , Yang Xin , Zhang Penghao , Wang Danyu , Lu Miao , Wang Zhongqiang , Guo Gaiping , Yu Jianxiang , Tian Huafeng , Li Jian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBagasse fibers reinforced rigid polyurethane foams were successfully prepared by one‐step method. In order to improve the interfacial bonding strength between the filler and matrix, the bagasse fiber was modified by alkali treatment before incorporation into the foams. The surface roughness of the fiber increased after treatment and chemical bonding formed between the ‐OH groups on the fibers and the excess ‐NCO groups, which improved the interfacial interactions between the filler and matrix. With the increase of fiber content, the close cell ratio decreased, however, the thermal conductivity of rigid polyurethane foams almost unchanged. The mechanical performance decreased with the increase of fiber content, but the specific strength and modulus exhibited different changing trends for the reinforcing effect of the fibers on the matrix. The dimensional stability of the foams was greatly enhanced with incorporation of bagasse fibers. When the bagasse fiber content reached 40 wt%, the dimensional stability was best, and the dimensional change rates in the three directions of length, width, and height were less than 1%. These composite foams with improved performance were in line with the current trend of green environmental protection and would possess wide applications in sound/heat insulation, industrial manufacturing, packaging industry, and hence forth.
Antibacterial efficacy of poly (vinyl alcohol) nanocomposites reinforced with graphene oxide and silver nanoparticles for packaging applications
Authors: Gautam Sanjeev , Sharma Shreya , Sharma Bhasha , Jain Purnima 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAntibiotic resistance is a major threat to public health and food security. Attributable to the heightening occurrence and proliferation of antibiotic‐resistant pathogenic microorganisms, the development of antimicrobial packaging has emerged as a promising technology. Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA), a water‐soluble synthetic polymer is contemplated as a promising biocompatible, biodegradable, and low cytotoxic material for various medical, industrial, and commercial applications. To stretch its applications, the polymer material was doped with graphene oxide (GO) decorated with silver nanoparticles (Ag). In this study, an eco‐friendly, facile, one‐step chemical reduction route was employed for the synthesis of nanocomposites by an Ag nanoparticle anchored on GO nanoparticle. The polymer nanocomposite thin film was prepared by solution casting technique. Homogeneity of dispersion and surface morphology was examined by scanning electron microscope investigation. The inclusion of GO‐Ag nanocomposite in the polymer matrix increases the roughness of the film confirmed by atomic force microscopy analysis. The increment in properties was attributable to excellent H bonding between PVA and GO wherein molecules are strongly intercalated with each other. The tensile strength, as well as thermal stability of the PVA/GO/Ag thin films, was significantly enhanced on the incorporation of GO/Ag nanoparticles confirmed by TGA analysis. PVA/GO/Ag nanocomposites exhibited effective antibacterial activity against gram‐positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and gram‐negative bacteria Escherichia coli. In contrast, no inhibition around pristine PVA was observed. The prepared films proffered an effective antibacterial activity against contagious microorganisms that qualify them for food packaging and different biomedical applications.
Stepwise optimizing photovoltaic performance of dye‐sensitized cells made under 50‐lux dim light
Authors: Lu Man Ning , Su Tzu‐Sen , Pylnev Mikhail , Long Yean‐San , Wu Teng‐Chun , Tsai Min‐An , Wei Tzu‐Chien 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDye‐sensitized cells (DSCs) are promising photovoltaic technology that converts photon energy to electric energy efficiently in direct sunlight and ambient indoor light. While most papers address this triumph by utilizing novel materials such as new sensitizers, new redox couples, or new architecture, herein, we report a different approach, which progressively improves a dim light‐illuminated DSC's performance based on commercially mature materials. Specifically, the thickness of the mesoscopic TiO2 film, the preferred facet of TiO2 nanoparticles, the quality of compact layer, and iodine/iodide concentration are stepwisely optimized based on the consideration of dim light condition. Finally, the conversion efficiency of a DSC under extreme dim of 50‐lux fluorescent light is improved from 2.43% to 14.86%, accordingly.
Structural and stochastic transitions of poverty using household panel data in India
Authors: Dutta Swati 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe paper examines whether the poverty transition or poverty persistency in India, as well as in Indian rural states, is due to state dependence or unobserved heterogeneity. Using panel data from the India Human Development Survey for 2005 and 2012, the study found that structural chronic poverty is high in Bihar, Odisha, Maharashtra, and Uttar Pradesh. Furthermore, general caste and scheduled tribe households have achieved upward mobility due to structural reasons whereas other backward class households have made a stochastic transition and come out of poverty. The bivariate Probit model suggests that there exists a state dependence of the probability of being poor; meaning that past poverty experience does matter in determining the present poverty status of a given household in India. The findings also indicate that female education is one of the important indicators for moving out of poverty. Hence, a crucial policy decision is needed for reducing poverty in a more sustainable way, which will include a targeted social safety net program along with improving the skill level of the household.
On correct expression of variance of double progressive mean statistic for monitoring Poisson observations
Authors: Abbas Zameer , Nazir Hafiz Zafar , Riaz Muhammad 
Published: March 2021

AbstractControl charts play a vital role in tracing unfavorable changes in the ongoing process parameters to enhance the quality of the output. Attribute charting schemes are commonly utilized for tracing shifts in fraction nonconforming and number of nonconformities per unit in any production process. A double progressive mean charting structure for monitoring Poisson observations (PDPM) is recently proposed by Alevizakos and Koukouvinos1 for efficient monitoring of the average number of nonconformities in the production unit. Unfortunately, the variance expression used in the charting statistic of the said article needs correction. The focus of this study is to provide correct derivation and expression of the variance of the PDPM statistic.
Novel pulmonary perfusion imaging using chest digital dynamic radiography for pulmonary artery sarcoma
Authors: Yamamoto Shota , Sakamaki Fumio , Takahashi Genki , Yuji Ryotaro , Matsumoto Tomohiro , Hasebe Terumitsu 
Published: March 2021

Key messageChest digital dynamic radiography (DDR) is a novel method for evaluating pulmonary perfusion and ventilation. It could depict ventilation–perfusion mismatch in a pulmonary artery sarcoma with severe stenosis in the right pulmonary artery. This report is the first demonstration of ventilation–perfusion mismatch in a malignant neoplasm using DDR.
Abnormal anastomosis of peripheral pulmonary arteries, initially suspected to be an arteriovenous fistula, in an adult with Williams syndrome
Authors: Oyamatsu Hironori , Watanabe Kenichi , Kiriyama Ryota , Okagawa Takehiko , Niimi Seijirou 
Published: March 2021

Key messageAbnormal anastomosis of peripheral pulmonary arteries is rare and resembles a pulmonary arteriovenous fistula; thus, when the inflow or outflow route cannot be clearly identified in a suspected pulmonary arteriovenous fistula, the possibility of peripheral pulmonary artery anastomosis should be considered. However, the final diagnosis requires a catheterization study.
Crystalline Multi‐Metallic Compounds as Host Materials in Cathode for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Jiang Yi‐Cheng , Arshad Hafiz Muhammad Umair , Li Hao‐Jie , Liu Sheng , Li Guo‐Ran , Gao Xue‐Ping 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLithium–sulfur (Li–S) battery is one of the most promising next‐generation rechargeable batteries. Lots of fundamental research has been done for the problems during cycling like capacity fading and columbic efficiency reducing owing to severe diffusion and migration of polysulfide intermediates. In the early stage, a wide variety of carbon materials are used as host materials for sulfur to enhance electrical conductivity and adsorb soluble polysulfides. Beyond carbon materials, metal based polar compounds are introduced as host materials for sulfur because of their strong catalytic activity and adsorption ability to suppress the shuttle effect. In addition, relatively high density of metal compounds is helpful for increasing volumetric energy density of Li–S batteries. This review focuses on crystalline multi‐metal compounds as host materials in sulfur cathodes. The multi‐metal compounds involve not only transition metal composite oxides with specific crystalline structures, binary metal chalcogenides, double or complex salts, but also the metal compounds doped or partially substituted by other metal ions. Generally, for the multi‐metal compounds, microstructure and morphologies in micro–nano scale are very significant for mass transfer in electrodes; moreover, adsorption and catalytic ability for polysulfides make fast kinetics in the electrode processes.
Pathway‐Dependent Co‐Assembly of Elastin‐Like Polypeptides
Authors: Pille Jan , Aloi Antonio , Le Duc H. T. , Vialshin Ilia , van de Laar Nathalie , Kevenaar Kirsten , Merkx Maarten , Voets Ilja K. , van Hest Jan C. M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn natural systems, temperature‐induced assembly of biomolecules can lead to the formation of distinct assembly states, created out of the same set of starting compounds, based on the heating trajectory followed. Until now it has been difficult to achieve similar behavior in synthetic polymer mixtures. Here, a novel pathway‐dependent assembly based on stimulus‐responsive polymers is shown. When a mixture of mono‐ and diblock copolymers, based on elastin‐like polypeptides, is heated with a critical heating rate co‐assembled particles are created that are monodisperse, stable, and have tunable hydrodynamic radii between 20 and 120 nm. Below this critical heating rate, the constituents separately form polymer assemblies. This process is kinetically driven and reversible in thermodynamically closed systems. Using the co‐assembly pathway, fluorescent proteins and bioluminescent enzymes are encapsulated with high efficiency. Encapsulated cargo shows unperturbed function even after delivery into cells. The pathway‐dependent co‐assembly of elastin‐like polypeptides is not only of fundamental interest from a materials science perspective, allowing the formation of multiple distinct assemblies from the same starting compounds, which can be interconverted by going back to the molecularly dissolved states. It also enables a versatile way for constructing highly effective vehicles for the cellular delivery of biomolecular cargo.
Tribulus terrestris fruit extract inhibits autophagic flux to diminish cell proliferation and metastatic characteristics of oral cancer cells
Authors: Shu Chih‐Wen , Weng Jing‐Ru , Chang Hsueh‐Wei , Liu Pei‐Feng , Chen Jih‐Jung , Peng Chien‐Chi , Huang Jia‐Wen , Lin Wei‐Yu , Yen Ching‐Yu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractElevated autophagy is highly associated with cancer development and progression. Fruit extracts of several plants inhibit activity of autophagy‐related protease ATG4B and autophagy activity in colorectal cancer cells. However, the effects of these plant extracts in oral cancer cells remain unclear. In this study, we found that the extracted Tribulus terrestris fruit (TT‐(fr)) and Xanthium strumarium fruit had inhibitory effects on autophagy inhibition in both SAS and TW2.6 oral cancer cells. Moreover, the fruit extracts had differential effects on cell proliferation of oral cancer cells. In addition, the fruit extracts hampered cell migration and invasion of oral cancer cells, particularly in TT‐(fr) extracts. Our results indicated that TT‐(fr) extracts consistently inhibited autophagic flux, cell growth and metastatic characteristics of oral cancer cells, suggesting TT‐(fr) might contain function ingredient to suppress oral cancer cells.
A Fluorescent Probe of Nitrite Based on Eu3+ Functionalized Metal‐Organic Frameworks
Authors: Li Yanping , Zhao Yajun , Zhang Wei , Shao Kai , Zhou Huizhong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNO2− sensing is closely associated with human health, and we adopted lanthanide Eu3+ post‐modified MOF as NO2− fluorescent probes. Typical stable MOF with uncoordinated carboxylic groups in the framework were chosen to encapsulate Eu3+. NO2− could generate an obvious quenching response to the fluorescence intensity. This Eu3+ functionalized MOF exhibited excellent fluorescence performances and obvious quenching response to NO2− based on the energy transfer between Eu3+ and NO2−. This MOF based NO2− fluorescent probe showed a highly splendid detection selectivity and sensitivity with a very low detection limit of 0.69 μM, which was significantly below the maximal level limits of NO2− in drinking water set by the WHO.
Practicability and Diagnostic Yield of One-Stop Stroke CT with Delayed-Phase Cardiac CT in Detecting Major Cardioembolic Sources of Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Austein Friederike , Eden Matthias , Engel Jakob , Lebenatus Annett , Larsen Naomi , Both Marcus , Piesch Tim-Christian , Salehi Ravesh Mona , Meyne Johannes , Jansen Olav , Langguth Patrick 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Recurrent stroke is considered to increase the incidence of severe disability and death. For correct risk assessment and patient management it is essential to identify the origin of stroke at an early stage. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is the initial standard of care for evaluating patients in whom a cardioembolic source of stroke (CES) is suspected but its diagnostic capability is limited. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is considered as gold standard; however, this approach is time consuming, semi-invasive and not always feasible. We hypothesized that adding a delayed-phase cardiac computed tomography (cCT) to initial multimodal CT might represent a valid alternative to routine clinical echocardiographic work-up.

Material and Methods
Patients with suspected acute cardioembolic stroke verified by initial multimodal CT and subsequently examined with cCT were included. The cCT was evaluated for presence of major CES and compared to routine clinical echocardiographic work-up.

Results
In all, 102 patients with suspected acute CES underwent cCT. Among them 60 patients underwent routine work-up with echocardiography (50 TTE and only 10 TEE). By cCT 10/60 (16.7%) major CES were detected but only 4 (6.7%) were identified by echocardiography. All CES observed by echocardiography were also detected by cCT. In 8 of 36 patients in whom echocardiography was not performed cCT also revealed a major CES.

Conclusion
These preliminary results show the potential diagnostic yield of delayed-phase cCT to detect major CES and therefore could accelerate decision-making to prevent recurrence stroke. To confirm these results larger studies with TEE as the reference standard and also compared to TTE would be necessary.
Vergiftungsanfragen aus Berlin und Brandenburg 1999–2018: Ein Stadt-Land-Vergleich
Authors: Thal Franziska , Reinhold Thomas 
Published: March 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Ziel
Der Berliner Giftnotruf ist seit 1963 die zentrale Anlaufstelle beim Thema „Vergiftungen“ für die Berliner und Brandenburger Bevölkerung. Ferner nimmt die Einrichtung eine wichtige Funktion im Bereich der Vergiftungsprävention wahr. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, die Entwicklung des Beratungsaufkommens und der Inhalte von 1999 bis 2018 zu beschreiben. Unterschiede bei städtischer und ländlicher Herkunft der Anrufenden sowie bei privatem oder beruflichem Hintergrund der Anfragen werden betrachtet. Die Ergebnisse sollen der Verbesserung der Präventionsarbeit dienen.

Methoden
Die Falldaten des Giftnotrufs (1999–2018) wurden aufbereitet und einer explorativen Datenanalyse unterzogen. Über Verfahren der deskriptiven Statistik wurden die Daten ausgewertet und analysiert. Zusammenhänge zwischen der „Herkunft des Anrufs“ (Stadt oder Land), dem „Hintergrund“ (privat oder beruflich) und der jeweiligen „Noxenkategorie“ wurden mittels Pearsons Chi-Quadrat-Test analysiert.

Ergebnisse
Das jährliche Beratungsvolumen stieg tendenziell an. Insbesondere Anfragen zu Expositionen von Erwachsenen und Senioren nahmen zu. Häufigste Themen waren Vergiftungen mit Medikamenten und Publikumsmitteln. Anfragen zu illegalen Drogen nahmen am stärksten zu (durchschnittliche jährliche Wachstumsrate 6,3 %). Anfragenden Privatpersonen kann in den meisten Fällen direkt geholfen werden (86,8 %), sodass nur selten eine medizinische Behandlung empfohlen wird. Privatpersonen rufen häufiger aus der Stadt an, auf dem Land überwiegen Anrufe von medizinischem Personal. Im ländlichen Raum wurden Anfragen zu Schädlingsbekämpfungsmitteln, Pilzen, Tieren und Pflanzen häufiger gestellt. Anrufe zu Lebensmitteln, Fremdkörpern, Genussmitteln oder illegalen Drogen gingen hingegen vermehrt aus dem städtischen Raum ein.
Spectrum of Fontan-associated liver disease assessed by MRI and US in young adolescents
Authors: Thrane Karl Julius , Müller Lil Sofie Ording , Suther Kathrine Rydén , Thomassen Kristian Stien , Holmström Henrik , Thaulow Erik , Almaas Runar , Möller Thomas , de Lange Charlotte 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Patients with Fontan circulation are at risk of developing hepatic fibrosis/cirrhosis. The mechanisms and disease development are unclear and early secondary liver cancer is a concern. This study will describe hepatic imaging findings in a national cohort of adolescents with Fontan circulation.

Methods
The patients prospectively underwent abdominal contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) including diffusion-weighted imaging. Images were assessed for criteria of fibrosis/cirrhosis including characterization of hepatic nodules. These nodules were in addition, assessed by ultrasonography (US). Nodules ≥ 1 cm were investigated and monitored to evaluate malignant transformation. Clinical and hepatic serological data were recorded.

Results
Forty-six patients, median age of 16.5 years (15.4–17.9 years) were enrolled. All patients underwent US examination and MRI was performed in 35/46 patients. On MRI, 60% had hepatomegaly and 37% had signs of fibrosis/cirrhosis. Seven patients had together 13 nodules ≥ 1 cm in diameter. Only 4/13 (17%) where seen on US. Nodules had variable MRI signal characteristics including hepatobiliary contrast enhancement and two nodules revealed portal venous phase ‘wash-out’ on the first examination. No further imaging signs of malignancy were revealed during the follow-up period of median 24.4 (7–42) months.

Conclusion
The majority of adolescents with Fontan circulation had imaging findings of fibrosis/cirrhosis of varying severity. US had low detection rate of hepatic nodules compared to MRI. The imaging work-up before transition to adult cardiology care did not reveal findings suggestive of malignancy. However, the high prevalence of Fontan-associated liver disease calls for surveillance strategies even in childhood.