bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemically reactive and radiative flow of ferro‐aluminum (AA7075) hybrid nanofluid past a stretching cylinder
Authors: Nagaraja Basavarajappa , Gireesha Bijjanal Jayanna , Sindhu Sundar 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe present investigation throws light on the heat transfer behavior of hybridized (ferro‐aluminum alloy [AA7075]) nanofluid. In addition to that, influences of thermal radiation, magnetic effect, and chemical reaction are also considered for the exploration. Here, the flow is deliberated due to a porous stretching cylinder. The equations that portray the fluid flow are transfused to simple ordinary differential equations by applying similarity elements. Then, the procured equations have been solved by adopting the Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg 4th–5th order tool. The extracted solution are exported to plot graphs for velocity, thermal, and solutal profiles with the concerned parameters, and using these plots, the discussion has been produced for the behavior of all flow fields. The behavior of the thermal profile shows substantial enhancement with an increase in the solid volume fraction of hybrid nanofluid. The velocity and concentration panel de‐escalates for larger values of Reynolds number. A significant discussion on the skin friction drag, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number has been produced.
Correlation between serum markers in the second trimester and preterm birth before 34 weeks in asymptomatic twin pregnancies
Authors: Kim Mi Ju , Kim Hyun Mi , Cha Hyun Hwa , Kim Jong In , Seong Won Joon 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the correlation between the levels of serum markers in the second trimester and preterm birth before 34 weeks in asymptomatic twin pregnancies.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of the medical records of 102 asymptomatic twin pregnancies delivered at Chilgok Kyungpook National University Hospital between March 2014 and February 2020. Participants were divided into two groups, based on delivery before and after 34 weeks of gestation. Results of the quad test performed at 15–18 weeks and the complete blood count done at 24–28 weeks were compared.ResultsPreterm birth before 34 weeks of pregnancy was associated with higher levels of maternal α‐fetoprotein (1.04 vs 0.98, multiple of median [MoM], P = 0.006), human chorionic gonadotropin (1.76 vs 1.31, MoM, P = 0.000), and inhibin A (1.78 vs 1.04, MoM, P = 0.000). Positive correlations were observed between gestational age at delivery and white blood cell (WBC) markers. Women with preterm delivery had decreased WBC counts (8180 vs 9405 × 103/µl, P = 0.019) and neutrophil:lymphocyte ratios (3.85 vs 4.92, P = 0.001).ConclusionSerum marker levels in the second trimester can be indicators of preterm delivery before 34 weeks in asymptomatic twin pregnancies.
The golden hour for postpartum hemorrhage: Results from a prospective cohort study
Authors: Pacagnella Rodolfo C. , Borovac‐Pinheiro Anderson , Silveira Carla , Siani Morais Sirlei , Argenton Juliana Luz Passos , Souza Joao Paulo , Weeks Andrew D. , Cecatti José G. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the predictive capacity of vital signs for the diagnosis of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH).MethodsA prospective cohort study performed at the University of Campinas, Brazil, between February 2015 and March 2016 with women who delivered vaginally. Vital signs and postpartum bleeding were collected over 24 h. Exploratory data analysis was performed plus receiver operating characteristic curve analysis where the areas under the curve was used to determine the best cutoff points for sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratio, and diagnostic odds ratio.ResultsFor the 270 women recruited, mean blood loss after 120 min was 427.49 ± 335.57 ml, while 84 (31.1%) and 22 (8.1%) women had blood loss ≥500 and ≥1000 ml, respectively. Heart rate cutoff point of 105 bpm measured between 21–40 min after birth identified blood loss ≥1000 ml with 90% specificity. A shock index (SI) of 0.965 at 41–60 min after birth identified blood loss ≥500 and ≥1000 ml within 2 h with approximately 95% specificity.ConclusionShock index and heart rate measured after birth showed high specificity with low sensitivity to identify PPH. In clinical practice, “The rule of 1s” should receive special attention: SI ≥1, or heart rate >100 bpm, or estimated blood loss ≥1 L.
Case of vaginal cuff dehiscence and small bowel evisceration after laparoscopic radical cystectomy
Authors: Meguro Satoru , Kirihana Yusuke , Kumekawa Tomoyuki , Kobayashi Masato , Kameoka Hiroshi 
Published: July 2021

IntroductionVaginal cuff dehiscence and small bowel evisceration after laparoscopic radical cystectomy, although rare, can be a critical complication. However, little has been reported about it by urologists.Case presentationA 79‐year‐old woman underwent laparoscopic radical cystectomy for invasive bladder carcinoma. Thirteen months postoperatively, she experienced vaginal cuff dehiscence and small bowel evisceration, and underwent emergency surgery. Intraoperatively, we detached the vaginal apex from the surrounding tissue to lengthen it and performed vaginal uterosacral ligament suspension, with no subsequent recurrence.ConclusionUrologists should pay attention to vaginal cuff dehiscence and small bowel evisceration after laparoscopic radical cystectomy in female patients. In this case, the short vaginal length without vaginal uterosacral ligament suspension might have led to vaginal dehiscence.
Computational intelligence applied to the least limiting water range to estimate soil water content using GIS and geostatistical approaches in alluvial lands*
Authors: Alaboz Pelin , Başkan Oğuz , Dengiz Orhan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe use of machine learning methods in pedotransfer functions has attracted considerable attention in recent years. These methods are fast and effective in solving complex events. The least limiting water range (LLWR) feature is very important in terms of water uptake by the plant and root development in agricultural production. In this study, the predictability of the LLWR feature was investigated with artificial neural networks, deep learning (DL) and the k‐nearest neighbour (k‐NN) algorithm from machine learning methods. Estimated values obtained from the model with the best estimation accuracy and observed values were evaluated through a geostatistical method from which their spatial distribution maps were created. In the present study, which was carried out on alluvial lands with different soil properties, the LLWR values of soils vary between 5.5% and 25.9%. Field capacity, bulk density, clay, organic matter, and lime content properties, which have a high correlation with the LLWR, were taken into consideration in the estimation methods. DL was determined as the best estimation method (mean absolute error [MAE]: 0.94%; root mean square error [RMSE]: 1.45%; coefficient of determination [R2]: 0.93), and the worst was k‐NN (MAE: 2.00%; RMSE: 2.55%; R2: 0.77) for the LLWR. In addition, the LLWR can be estimated with high accuracy by using ReLU and softmax functions in the DL method. The study shows that distribution maps created with LLWR values obtained by observed data and the DL method have a very similar pattern.
Curcumin in decellularized goat small intestine submucosa for wound healing and skin tissue engineering
Authors: Singh Hemant , Purohit Shiv Dutt , Bhaskar Rakesh , Yadav Indu , Bhushan Sakchi , Gupta Mukesh Kumar , Mishra Narayan Chandra 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBiomaterials derived from extracellular matrices (ECMs) were extensively used for skin tissue engineering and wound healing. ECM is a complex network of biomolecules (e.g., proteins), which provide organizational support to cells for growth. Thus, ECM could be an ideal biomaterial for fabricating the scaffold. However, oxidative stress and biofilm formation at the wound site remains a major challenge that could be neutralized using herbal ingredients (e.g., curcumin). In this study, ECM was extracted from the biowaste of the goat abattoir by using decellularization. The goat small intestine submucosa (G‐SIS) is decellularized to obtain the decellularized G‐SIS (DG‐SIS) and curcumin (in different concentrations) was incorporated in the DG‐SIS to fabricate curcumin‐embedded DG‐SIS scaffolds. Changes brought by increasing the concentrations of the curcumin in DG‐SIS were observed in various properties, including free radical scavenging and antibacterial properties. Results depicted that the scaffolds are porous, biodegradable, biocompatible, antibacterial, and hydrophilic and showed sustained release of curcumin. Besides, it showed free radicals scavenging property. The porosity and hydrophilicity of the scaffolds were decreased with an increase in the curcumin content. However, biodegradability, free radical scavenging, biocompatibility, and antibacterial properties of the scaffolds increased with an increase in the curcumin content. The DG‐SIS scaffold containing 1 wt % of curcumin may be a potential biomaterial for wound‐healing and skin tissue engineering.
Transcriptional regulation of human DUSP4 gene by cancer‐related transcription factors
Authors: Varela Tatiana , Conceição Natércia , Laizé Vincent , Cancela M. Leonor 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDual specificity phosphatase 4 (DUSP4), a member of the dual specificity phosphatase family, is responsible for the dephosphorylation and inactivation of ERK, JNK and p38, which are mitogen‐activated protein kinases involved in cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis, but also in inflammation processes. Given its importance for cellular signalling, DUSP4 is subjected to a tight regulation and there is growing evidence that its expression is dysregulated in several tumours. However, the mechanisms underlying DUSP4 transcriptional regulation remain poorly understood. Here, we analysed the regulation of the human DUSP4 promoters 1 and 2, located upstream of exons 1 and 2, respectively, by the cancer‐related transcription factors (TFs) STAT3, FOXA1, CTCF and YY1. The presence of binding sites for these TFs was predicted in both promoters through the in silico analysis of DUSP4, and their functionality was assessed through luciferase activity assays. Regulatory activity of the TFs tested was found to be promoter‐specific. While CTCF stimulated the activity of promoter 2 that controls the transcription of variants 2 and X1, STAT3 stimulated the activity of promoter 1 that controls the transcription of variant 1. YY1 positively regulated both promoters, although to different extents. Through site‐directed mutagenesis, the functionality of YY1 binding sites present in promoter 2 was confirmed. This study provides novel insights into the transcriptional regulation of DUSP4, contributing to a better comprehension of the mechanisms of its dysregulation observed in several types of cancer.
Theoretical design on a series of new cage‐shaped high energy density compounds
Authors: Tang Li , Zhu Weihua 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA series of new cage compounds with high energy and low sensitivity by introducing –C(R2)–, –N(R)–, and –O– were designed. Then their properties including electronic structures, heats of formation, densities, detonation performances, thermal stability, and impact sensitivity were investigated using density functional theory. The results show that most of the designed compounds show excellent performance comparable with CL‐20, indicating that designing novel cage compounds is a very effective way to obtain potential energetic compounds with outstanding detonation properties. Taking both the detonation performance and stability into consideration, six compounds may be selected as attractive potential candidates of high energy density compounds. It may be expected that our results would contribute to the theoretical design of new‐generation energetic explosives.
Evolution of hemoglobin function in tropical air‐breathing catfishes
Authors: Andersen Niels Christian Moth , Fago Angela , Damsgaard Christian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe evolution of hemoglobin function in the transition from water‐ to air‐breathing has been highly debated but remains unresolved. Here, we characterized the hemoglobin function in five closely related water‐ and air‐breathing catfishes. We identify distinct directions of hemoglobin evolution in the clades that evolved air‐breathing, and we show strong selection on hemoglobin function within the catfishes. These findings show that the lack of a general direction in hemoglobin function in the transition from water‐ to air‐breathing may have resulted from divergent selection on hemoglobin function in independent clades of air‐breathing fishes.
Influence of Interface trap distributions over the device characteristics of AlGaN/GaN/AlInN MOS‐HEMT using Cubic Spline Interpolation technique
Authors: Viswanathan Sandeep , Pravin Charles , Arasamudi Ramesh Babu , Pavithran Prajoon 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTraps present at the interface of oxide and barrier layers influence the device's DC and RF parameters. An investigation is carried out on the distribution of interface traps present in the AlGaN/GaN/AlInN Metal Oxide Semiconductor‐High Electron Mobility Transistor (MOS‐HEMT) structures. By incorporating Hafnium Oxide (HfO2) as a dielectric layer, the DC and RF parameters like current drive and Power‐Added Efficiency (PAE) for the device are evaluated. The Capacitance‐Voltage (C–V) curves showed a shift in its values upon increase in trap density, which attributes to the position of fermi level once the threshold voltage is reached. A theoretical estimation of interface trap densities revealed distributions in the magnitude of 9.52 × 1012 cm−2 eV−1 near the mid‐gap and around 3.4 × 1013 cm−2 eV−1 at the Conduction Band (CB) edge. Carrier concentration at the Two‐Dimensional Electron Gas (2DEG) influences the distribution of traps at the interface, which in turn affects the on‐resistance of the device. Cubic Spline Interpolation (CSI) technique is employed here to model the device parameters precisely. The higk‐K dielectric material causes a high cut‐off of 201 GHz for the MOS‐HEMT. There is about 42% improvement in the PAE compared to the conventional MOS‐HEMT device. The comparably low trap density values (1012 cm−2 eV−1) than the conventional ones, prove the high quality gate passivation features of the HfO2/AlGaN interface and could serve as a potential candidate for high power and microwave applications.
Effective treatment of acute hepatitis E by ribavirin in a patient complicated with renal impairment: a case report
Authors: Fu Sophia 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundHepatitis E infections are the most common cause of acute viral hepatitis worldwide. High‐risk patients such as the immunocompromised or those with a background of liver disease co‐infected with hepatitis E virus (HEV) have particularly high morbidity and mortality rates. Currently, there are no approved treatments for acute infections. Although ribavirin is proposed as a viable option, dosing in renally impaired patients is not well established.AimTo present a case describing ribavirin use in the treatment of acute hepatitis E infection, complicated by acute kidney injury.Clinical detailsA 56‐year‐old man presented to hospital with severely deranged liver function tests and jaundice. Serology tests confirmed diagnoses of acute hepatitis E and ribavirin was commenced. Acute renal impairment developed and ribavirin was reduced to 200 mg p.o. in the morning and 400 mg p.o. at night for a total of four weeks. A total of 12 weeks’ therapy was completed.OutcomesLiver function tests (LFTs) showed drastic and significant improvement within one week of commencing ribavirin. Levels largely normalised by four weeks of therapy. No adverse events were reported throughout ribavirin therapy and HEV reactivation was not observed.ConclusionRibavirin may be an effective and safe treatment for acute hepatitis E infections with concurrent acute kidney impairment. In this case, adjusting ribavirin doses to renal function led to a good clinical outcome, as highlighted by the normalisation of LFTs. Further studies are required to establish an appropriate ribavirin dosing regimen among patients with HEV, particularly in the context of renal impairment.
Optimization method for quantification of sunscreen organic ultraviolet filters in coastal sands
Authors: Rodrigues Alice M. S. , Lebaron Philippe , Downs C. A. , Stien Didier 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMost organic ultraviolet filters are very lipophilic and some of them are difficult to quantify in the environment. This article describes an optimization method for the quantification of these compounds in sand samples with diverse compositions. The standard additions method was used. The search for a unique high‐performance liquid chromatography method to analyze all these filters along with the search for optimal detection conditions are presented in detail. The best extraction solvent was methanol, and the best conditions for analysis and detection involved the use of a high‐performance liquid chromatography system equipped with a biphenyl column (2.6 μm, 150 × 4.6 mm), and an Orbitrap MS detector. We also demonstrated that sample freeze‐drying can induce significant loss of some of the ultraviolet filters.
Words matter: How privacy concerns and conspiracy theories spread on twitter
Authors: Visentin Marco , Tuan Annamaria , Di Domenico Giandomenico 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe use of contact‐tracing apps to curb the spreading of the COVID‐19 pandemic has stimulated social media debates on consumers' privacy concerns about the use and storage of sensitive data and on conspiracy theories positing that these apps are part of plans against individuals' freedom. By analyzing the type of language of tweets, we found which words, linguistic style, and emotions conveyed by tweets are more likely to be associated with consumers' privacy concerns and conspiracy theories and how they affect virality. To do so, we analyze a set of 5615 tweets related to the Italian tracing app “Immuni”. Results suggest that consumers' privacy concerns and conspiracy theories belong to different domains and exert different effects on the virality of tweets. Furthermore, the characteristics of the text (namely, complexity, certainty and emotions) cue different Twitter users' behaviors. This study helps researchers and managers to infer the psychological mechanisms that lead people to spread tweets about privacy concerns and conspiracy theories as well as how these texts impact the user who receives it.
Preparation Strategies and Applications of MXene‐Polymer Composites: A Review
Authors: He Shaoshuai , Sun Xia , Zhang Hong , Yuan Caideng , Wei Yuping , Li Junjie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAs a new member of the 2D material family, MXene integrates high metallic conductivity and hydrophilic property simultaneously. It shows tremendous potential in fields of energy storage, sensing, electromagnetic shielding, and so forth. Due to the abundant surface functional groups, the physical and chemical properties of MXene can be tuned by the formation of MXene‐polymer composites. The introduction of polymers can expand the interlayer spacing, reduce the distance of ion/electron transport, improve the surface hydrophilicity, and thus guide the assembly of MXene‐polymer structures. Herein, the preparation strategies of MXene‐polymer composites including physical mixing, surface modification, such as anchoring through TiN and Ti–O–C bonds, bonding through esterification, grafting functional groups through TiOSi/TiOP bonds, photograft reaction, as well as in situ polymerization are highlighted. In addition, the possible mechanisms for each strategy are explained. Furthermore, the applications of MXene‐polymer composites obtained by different preparation strategies are summarized. Finally, perspectives and challenges are presented for the designs of MXene‐polymer composites.
Temporally aware volumetric generative adversarial network‐based MR image reconstruction with simultaneous respiratory motion compensation: Initial feasibility in 3D dynamic cine cardiac MRI
Authors: Ghodrati Vahid , Bydder Mark , Bedayat Arash , Prosper Ashley , Yoshida Takegawa , Nguyen Kim‐Lien , Finn J. Paul , Hu Peng 
Published: July 2021

PurposeDevelop a novel three‐dimensional (3D) generative adversarial network (GAN)‐based technique for simultaneous image reconstruction and respiratory motion compensation of 4D MRI. Our goal was to enable high‐acceleration factors 10.7X‐15.8X, while maintaining robust and diagnostic image quality superior to state‐of‐the‐art self‐gating (SG) compressed sensing wavelet (CS‐WV) reconstruction at lower acceleration factors 3.5X‐7.9X.MethodsOur GAN was trained based on pixel‐wise content loss functions, adversarial loss function, and a novel data‐driven temporal aware loss function to maintain anatomical accuracy and temporal coherence. Besides image reconstruction, our network also performs respiratory motion compensation for free‐breathing scans. A novel progressive growing‐based strategy was adapted to make the training process possible for the proposed GAN‐based structure. The proposed method was developed and thoroughly evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively based on 3D cardiac cine data from 42 patients.ResultsOur proposed method achieved significantly better scores in general image quality and image artifacts at 10.7X‐15.8X acceleration than the SG CS‐WV approach at 3.5X‐7.9X acceleration (4.53 ± 0.540 vs. 3.13 ± 0.681 for general image quality, 4.12 ± 0.429 vs. 2.97 ± 0.434 for image artifacts, P < .05 for both). No spurious anatomical structures were observed in our images. The proposed method enabled similar cardiac‐function quantification as conventional SG CS‐WV. The proposed method achieved faster central processing unit‐based image reconstruction (6 s/cardiac phase) than the SG CS‐WV (312 s/cardiac phase).ConclusionThe proposed method showed promising potential for high‐resolution (1 mm3) free‐breathing 4D MR data acquisition with simultaneous respiratory motion compensation and fast reconstruction time.
Regularized joint water–fat separation with B0 map estimation in image space for 2D‐navigated interleaved EPI based diffusion MRI
Authors: Dong Yiming , Koolstra Kirsten , Riedel Malte , van Osch Matthias J. P. , Börnert Peter 
Published: July 2021

PurposeTo develop a new water–fat separation and B0 estimation algorithm to effectively suppress the multiple resonances of fat signal in EPI. This is especially relevant for DWI where fat is often a confounding factor.MethodsWater–fat separation based on chemical‐shift encoding enables robust fat suppression in routine MRI. However, for EPI the different chemical‐shift displacements of the multiple fat resonances along the phase‐encoding direction can be problematic for conventional separation algorithms. This work proposes a suitable model approximation for EPI under B0 and fat off‐resonance effects, providing a feasible multi‐peak water–fat separation algorithm. Simulations were performed to validate the algorithm. In vivo validation was performed in 6 volunteers, acquiring spin‐echo EPI images in the leg (B0 homogeneous) and head‐neck (B0 inhomogeneous) regions, using a TE‐shifted interleaved EPI sequence with/without diffusion sensitization. The results are numerically and statistically compared with voxel‐independent water–fat separation and fat saturation techniques to demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithm.ResultsThe reference separation algorithm without the proposed spatial shift correction caused water–fat ambiguities in simulations and in vivo experiments. Some spectrally selective fat saturation approaches also failed to suppress fat in regions with severe B0 inhomogeneities. The proposed algorithm was able to achieve improved fat suppression for DWI data and ADC maps in the head–neck and leg regions.ConclusionThe proposed algorithm shows improved suppression of the multi‐peak fat components in multi‐shot interleaved EPI applications compared to the conventional fat saturation approaches and separation algorithms.