bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Life in lockdown: impact of COVID‐19 lockdown measures on the lives of visually impaired school‐age children and their families in India
Authors: Gothwal Vijaya K , Kodavati KrishnaPriya , Subramanian Ahalya 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPurposeThe COVID‐19 outbreak has adversely impacted all societal domains including education. Home confinement, school closures and distance learning impacted children's, teachers' and parents' lives worldwide. In this study, we aimed to examine the impact of the COVID‐19 lockdown on the lives, including education, of school‐age children with vision impairment (VI) and their parents in India.MethodsPrimary and secondary school children with VI were recruited from the Institute for Vision Rehabilitation, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India. A qualitative research methodology, utilising a self‐constructed questionnaire with open and closed questions and stem and leaf design, was employed to explore the experiences of school closure and its impact on education and attending online classes during the COVID‐19 lockdown. Textual data from responses to the questions were analysed using content analysis to identify themes pertinent to the cohort studied.ResultsForty eight child‐parent dyads were included. The median age of children was 10 years (range, 7–19 years) and 60% were male. Inherited retinal disorders were the major cause of VI (40%). Best spectacle corrected visual acuity (better eye) ranged from 0.30 to 2.09 logMAR (6/12 to 6/750). Six major themes were identified: (1) accessibility of technology (online learning and technology); (2) parental beliefs/concerns (harmful effects of technology, prioritisation of normally sighted children, online classes considered a distraction); (3) support (peers, parents, teachers, private tuition); (4) socialisation and physical activity; (5) socioeconomic status and (6) near vision.ConclusionsThis study provides an understanding of the adverse impact of lockdown on the lives of children with VI and their parents, especially related to education in India. The study identified critical factors that affect online learning and the participation of children with VI in these sessions. Policymakers and educators should implement effective measures for supporting online classes.
Refugee Inflow and Labor Market Outcomes in Brazil: Evidence from the Venezuelan Exodus
Authors: Ryu Hanbyul , Paudel Jayash 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe impact of a large influx of refugees (or migrants) on the local labor market has long been an important topic among economists. In this study, we investigate the economic impact of the Venezuelan migrant inflow on labor market outcomes in Brazil. We employ the synthetic control method to exploit the concentration of a large inflow of Venezuelans in the Brazilian state of Roraima, which shares a land border with Venezuela. Results indicate that the inflow of Venezuelan refugees lowered labor force participation and employment rate but did not have a significant impact on hourly wages in Brazil. Our estimates show that labor force participation among less educated individuals decreased by a larger magnitude, while females lost jobs in informal and self‐employed sectors. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the short‐term economic consequences of hosting refugees in developing countries.
Clinical utility of preoperative pulmonary function testing in pediatrics
Authors: Marpole Rachael , Ohn Mon , O’Dea Christopher A. , von Ungern‐Sternberg Britta S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPerioperative respiratory adverse events pose a significant risk in pediatric anesthesia, and identifying these risks is vital. Traditionally, this is assessed using history and examination. However, the perioperative risk is multifactorial, and children with complex medical backgrounds such as chronic lung disease or obesity may benefit from additional objective preoperative pulmonary function tests. This article summarizes the utility of available pulmonary function assessment tools as preoperative tests in improving post‐anesthetic outcomes. Currently, there is no evidence to support or discourage any pulmonary function assessment as a routine preoperative test for children undergoing anesthesia. In addition, there is uncertainty about which patients with the known or suspected respiratory disease require preoperative pulmonary function tests, what time period prior to surgery these are required, and whether spirometry or more sophisticated tests are indicated. Therefore, the need for any test should be based on information obtained from the history and examination, the child's age, and the complexity of the surgery.
On the core of m$m$‐attribute games
Authors: Özen Ulaş , Slikker Marco , Sošić Greys 
Published: December 2021

We study a special class of cooperative games with transferable utility (TU), called [Formula: see text]‐ attribute games. Every player in an [Formula: see text]‐attribute game is endowed with a vector of [Formula: see text] attributes that can be combined in an additive fashion; that is, if players form a coalition, the attribute vector of this coalition is obtained by adding the attributes of its members. Another fundamental feature of [Formula: see text]‐attribute games is that their characteristic function is defined by a continuous attribute function [Formula: see text]—the value of a coalition depends only on evaluation of [Formula: see text] on the attribute vector possessed by the coalition, and not on the identity of coalition members. This class of games encompasses many well‐known examples, such as queueing games and economic lot‐sizing games. We believe that by studying attribute function [Formula: see text] and its properties, instead of specific examples of games, we are able to develop a common platform for studying different situations and obtain more general results with wider applicability. In this paper, we first show the relationship between nonemptiness of the core and identification of attribute prices that can be used to calculate core allocations. We then derive necessary and sufficient conditions under which every [Formula: see text]‐attribute game embedded in attribute function [Formula: see text] has a nonempty core, and a set of necessary and sufficient conditions that [Formula: see text] should satisfy for the embedded game to be convex. We also develop several sufficient conditions for nonemptiness of the core of [Formula: see text]‐attribute games, which are easier to check, and show how to find a core allocation when these conditions hold. Finally, we establish natural connections between TU games and [Formula: see text]‐attribute games.
The regulation of shrimp metabolism by the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV)
Authors: Kumar Ramya , Huang Jiun‐Yan , Ng Yen‐Siong , Chen Cong‐Yan , Wang Han‐Ching 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFor more than three decades, infectious diseases have been one of the major causes of economic losses in the global shrimp industry. One of the deadliest of the shrimp pathogens is white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), which causes mass mortality in farmed shrimp. Various aspects of WSSV pathogenicity have been studied, but in this review, we will focus only on one of them, namely metabolic reprogramming. WSSV’s modulation of host metabolism affects glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, glutaminolysis and lipid metabolism. Several signaling pathways are involved in this regulation, including JAK‐STAT, PI3K‐AKT‐mTOR, MAPK and Ras‐Raf‐MEK, with the PI3K‐Akt‐mTOR pathway in particular playing a critical role in activating the WSSV‐induced Warburg effect. Taken together, these changes benefit the virus by facilitating WSSV replication. In this review, we summarize current knowledge regarding the metabolism‐related aspects of WSSV pathogenesis, and discuss the mechanisms by which this virus reprograms its host's metabolic pathways. A deeper understanding of these pathways, key metabolic enzymes and signaling mechanisms is potentially important for the development of effective anti‐WSSV strategies.
Branching time and doomsday
Authors: Andreoletti Giacomo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBranching time is a popular theory of time that is intended to account for the openness of the future. Generally, branching time models the openness of the future by positing a multiplicity of concrete alternative futures mirroring all the possible ways the future could unfold. In the literature, a distinction is drawn among branching‐time theories: those that make use of moment‐based structures and those that employ history‐based ones. In this paper, I introduce and discuss a particular kind of openness relative to the possibility that time ends (doomsday). I then show that whereas moment‐based branching structures cannot represent this kind of openness, history‐based structures can account for it. The conclusion is that history‐based structures have an advantage over moment‐based ones.
Pharmaceutical pollution: A weakly regulated global environmental risk
Authors: Miettinen Mirella , Khan Sabaa Ahmad 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe effects of pharmaceuticals in the environment (PiE) are well evidenced, yet from an environmental perspective, pharmaceuticals remain weakly regulated internationally. Pharmaceutical pollutants are addressed under the Strategic Approach to International Chemicals Management (SAICM), a global framework for the management of chemicals and wastes. We provide an overview of the state of knowledge on PiE and identify international efforts targeting the regulation of PiE, as well as gaps in regulation and how SAICM could address them. ‘Environmentally persistent pharmaceutical pollutants’ (EPPP) was adopted under SAICM as an issue of concern 6 years after ‘nanotechnologies and manufactured nanomaterials’. Our analysis draws on this field to inform the development of policy approaches to EPPP. While there is significant cooperation underway on PiE, initiatives are highly fragmented. The post‐2020 SAICM may help bridge the gaps. Further development should be informed by experiences from nanomaterials, particularly with respect to definitions, information gathering and building more integrative approaches.
CPAP telemonitoring can track Cheyne–Stokes respiration and detect serious cardiac events: The AlertApnée Study
Authors: Prigent Arnaud , Pellen Claude , Texereau Joëlle , Bailly Sébastien , Coquerel Nicolas , Gervais Renaud , Liegaux Jean‐Marc , Luraine Régis , Renaud Jean‐Christophe , Serandour Anne‐Laure , Pépin Jean Louis 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground and objectiveCase reports have suggested that continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) telemonitoring can detect the onset of acute cardiac events such as decompensated heart failure (HF) or atrial fibrillation through an increase in the apnoea–hypopnoea index (AHI) and onset of Cheyne–Stokes Respiration (CSR). This study addressed whether long‐term remote CPAP treatment telemonitoring revealing CSR can help detect serious cardiac events (SCEs) in obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) patients.MethodsThis monocentric prospective cohort study included adults receiving CPAP therapy for OSA with daily telemonitoring. Any sudden increase in AHI generated an alert for the home healthcare provider to download CPAP data to identify CSR. A medical consultation was scheduled if CSR was detected.ResultsWe included 555 adults (412 men; 57% with known cardiovascular comorbidities). During the 1‐year follow‐up, 78 CSR episodes were detected in 74 patients (CSR+). The main conditions associated with incident CSR were HF (24 patients [30.8%]), ventilatory instability (21, 26.9%), leaks (13, 16.7%), medications inducing central apnoeas (baclofen, ticagrelor, opioids) (7, 9.0%), arrhythmias (6, 7.7%) and renal failure (2, 2.6%). Fifteen (20.3%) CSR+ patients had a confirmed SCE. In univariable analysis, a CSR episode increased the risk of an SCE by 13.8‐fold (5.7–35.6) (p < 0.0001), with an adjusted OR of 5.7 (2.0–16.8) in multivariable analysis.ConclusionLong‐term telemonitoring of patients on CPAP treatment can alert CSR episodes and allows early detection of SCEs in patients with or without known cardiac comorbidities.
A Hidden Markov Space–Time Model for Mapping the Dynamics of Global Access to Food
Authors: Bartolucci Francesco , Farcomeni Alessio 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn order to analyse worldwide data about access to food, coming from a series of Gallup’s world polls, we propose a hidden Markov model with both a spatial and a temporal component. This model is estimated by an augmented data MCMC algorithm in a Bayesian framework. Data are referred to a sample of more than 750 thousand individuals in 166 countries, widespread in more than two thousand areas, and cover the period 2007–2014. The model is based on a discrete latent space, with the latent state corresponding to a certain area and time occasion that depends on the states of neighbouring areas at the same time occasion, and on the previous state for the same area. The latent model also accounts for area-time-specific covariates. Moreover, the binary response variable (access to food, in our case) observed at individual level is modelled on the basis of individual-specific covariates through a logistic model with a vector of parameters depending on the latent state. Model selection, in particular for the number of latent states, is based on the Watanabe–Akaike information criterion. The application shows the potential of the approach in terms of clustering the areas, data smoothing and prediction of prevalence for areas without sample units and over time.
Aspiration of an exfoliated primary molar in a child with cerebral palsy: A case report
Authors: Amini Homa , Boynton James R. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractForeign body aspiration is a concern in children which may occur with anything introduced to the oral cavity and can result in significant morbidity and mortality. Food and foreign objects are the most commonly aspirated objects in young children. Aspiration of a normally exfoliated primary tooth is thought to be extremely rare, if not unheard‐of. The purpose of this case report is to describe the events occurring to a 10‐year‐old child with a cerebral palsy presenting with signs and symptoms of respiratory distress due to aspiration of a naturally exfoliated primary molar. Recommendations are provided for delivery of appropriate anticipatory guidance, management of exfoliating primary teeth, and safe clinical practice.
Risk factors for suicide attempts among U.S. military veterans: A 7‐year population‐based, longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Nichter Brandon , Stein Murray B. , Monteith Lindsey L. , Herzog Sarah , Holliday Ryan , Hill Melanie L. , Norman Sonya B. , Krystal John H. , Pietrzak Robert H. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundPopulation‐based data on risk factors for suicide attempts among veterans remains limited.MethodsA national probability sample of 2307 veterans was followed over the course of four timepoints spanning seven years to examine how a range of baseline risk factors predict incident suicide attempt. Suicide attempt data were aggregated into a single follow‐up timepoint.ResultsSixty‐two veterans (3.1%) reported attempting suicide during the 7‐year period. The strongest risk factors for suicide attempts were higher baseline levels of loneliness, lower baseline levels of adaptive psychosocial traits (e.g., dispositional gratitude), baseline thoughts of self‐harm, and greater post‐baseline trauma exposures (12.3%–41.3% of explained variance). Veterans with multiple co‐occurring risk factors were at greatest risk for attempts; of veterans with 0, 1, 2, 3, and all 4 of these factors, the predicted probability of suicide attempt was 2.0%, 5.3%, 13.5%, 30.4%, and 55.0%, respectively.ConclusionsBaseline loneliness, dispositional gratitude, thoughts of self‐harm, and new‐onset traumas emerged as the strongest risk factors for suicide attempts among veterans, underscoring the potential importance of targeting these factors in prevention efforts. Veterans with multiple co‐occurring risk factors have substantially greater risk for suicide attempts, suggesting that examination of multiple coinciding vulnerability factors may help improve suicide risk prediction models.
How to foster perceived partner responsiveness: High‐quality listening is key
Authors: Itzchakov Guy , Reis Harry T. , Weinstein Netta 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSocial psychologists have a longstanding interest in the mechanisms responsible for the beneficial effects of positive social connections. This article reviews and integrates two emerging but to this point disparate lines of work that focus on these mechanisms: high‐quality listening and perceived partner responsiveness. We also review research investigating the downstream consequences of high‐quality listening and perceived partner responsiveness: the how and why of understanding the process by which these downstream benefits are obtained. High‐quality listening and perceived partner responsiveness, though not isomorphic, are related constructs in that they both incorporate several key interpersonal processes, such as understanding, positive regard, and expressions of caring for another person. We develop a theoretical model for representing how listening embodies one form of interactive behavior that can promote (or hinder) perceived partner responsiveness and its downstream affective, cognitive, and behavioral effects. Finally, we discuss our model’s implications for various social‐psychological domains, such as social cognition, self‐evaluation, constructive disagreements, and interpersonal relationships.
Energy and mineral metabolism of peripartum mares and foals of the Quarter Horse breed
Authors: Nasciutti Nayara R. , Garcia Felipe G. , da Silva Elisa S. M. , de Miranda Renata L. , Fontes Lucas A. R. , Rosa Junara B. , Headley Selwyn A. , Mundim Antonio V. , Saut João P. E. 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundSeveral studies have demonstrated variations in peripartum blood biochemical analytes used to monitor the health status of mares and their foals of different breeds.ObjectivesWe aimed to characterize the physiologic changes of peripartum energy and mineral metabolism in healthy Quarter Horse mares and their neonatal foals.MethodsBlood samples were initially collected from 17 mares on days 60 and 30 prepartum, and from mares and their foals on the day of parturition (after colostrum ingestion), and on days 15, 30, and 60 postpartum. The serum concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, total cholesterol (T‐Cho), triglyceride, beta‐hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) were measured using commercial kits. Statistical differences were analyzed using one‐way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test (parametric variables) or the Kruskal‐Wallis test followed by Dunn's multiple comparison test (nonparametric variables).ResultsFourteen of 17 healthy Quarter Horse mares and their neonatal foals remained in the study until termination. Serum BHBA, T‐Cho, and calcium concentrations in mares showed significant differences during the observation period. Serum BHBA concentrations increased from 60 days prepartum to 60 days postpartum. Postpartum serum T‐Cho and calcium concentrations significantly decreased until day‐30 postpartum. In the foals, NEFA, T‐Cho, calcium, and magnesium concentrations significantly differed between sampling times. In the foals, serum NEFA concentrations decreased from parturition until day‐60 postpartum, while serum T‐Cho, calcium, and magnesium concentrations were lowest at day‐30 postpartum.ConclusionsThe temporal changes observed in the blood biochemical analytes of this study could be used to improve the clinical evaluation of periparturient mare and neonatal foal Quarter Horses.
Uncertainty Quantification for Additive Manufacturing Process Improvement: Recent Advances
Authors: Mahadevan Sankaran , Nath Paromita , Hu Zhen 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper reviews the state of the art in applying uncertainty quantification (UQ) methods to additive manufacturing (AM). Physics-based as well as data-driven models are increasingly being developed and refined in order to support process optimization and control objectives in AM, in particular to maximize the quality and minimize the variability of the AM product. However, before using these models for decision-making, a fundamental question that needs to be answered is to what degree the models can be trusted, and consider the various uncertainty sources that affect their prediction. UQ in AM is not trivial because of the complex multiphysics, multiscale phenomena in the AM process. This article reviews the literature on UQ methodologies focusing on model uncertainty, discusses the corresponding activities of calibration, verification, and validation, and examines their applications reported in the AM literature. The extension of current UQ methodologies to additive manufacturing needs to address multiphysics, multiscale interactions, increasing presence of data-driven models, high cost of manufacturing, and complexity of measurements. The activities that need to be undertaken in order to implement verification, calibration, and validation for AM are discussed. Literature on using the results of UQ activities toward AM process optimization and control (thus supporting maximization of quality and minimization of variability) is also reviewed. Future research needs both in terms of UQ and decision-making in AM are outlined.
Benjamin Waterhouse Hawkins and the early history of three-dimensional paleontological art
Authors: Peck Robert M. , Rowland Stephen M. 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
Benjamin Waterhouse Hawkins (1807–1894) was a British scientific illustrator and sculptor who illustrated many British exploration reports in the 1830s and 1840s. In the early 1850s, Hawkins was commissioned to create life-size, concrete sculptures of Iguanodon, ichthyosaurs, and other extinct animals for a permanent exhibition in south London. They were the first large sculptures of extinct vertebrates ever made, and they are still on view today.
Inspired by his success in England, Hawkins launched a lecture tour and working trip to North America in 1868. Soon after his arrival, he was commissioned to “undertake the resuscitation of a group of animals of the former periods of the American continent” for public display in New York City. Had it been built, this would have been the first paleontological museum in the world.
As part of this ambitious project, with the assistance of the American paleontologist Joseph Leidy, Hawkins cast the bones of a recently discovered Hadrosaurus specimen and used them to construct the first articulated dinosaur skeleton ever put on display in a museum. It was unveiled at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia in November 1868.
Hawkins worked tirelessly on New York’s proposed “Paleozoic Museum” for two years, until his funding was cut by William “Boss” Tweed, the corrupt leader of the Tammany Hall political machine, who grew hostile to the project and abolished the Central Park Commission that had made it possible. When Hawkins defiantly continued to work, without funding, Tweed dispatched a gang of thugs to break into his studio and smash all of the sculptures and molds. Although Hawkins would create several copies of his articulated Hadrosaurus skeleton for other institutions, the prospect of building a grand museum of paleontology in America was forever destroyed by Tweed’s actions.