bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ANCA-associated renal vasculitis is associated with rurality but not seasonality or deprivation in a complete national cohort study
Authors: Aiyegbusi Oshorenua , Frleta-Gilchrist Marina , Traynor Jamie P , Mackinnon Bruce , Bell Samira , Hunter Robert W , Dhaun Neeraj , Kidder Dana , Stewart Graham , Joss Nicola , Kelly Michael , Shah Shahzad , Dey Vishal , Buck Kate , Stevens Kathryn I , Geddes Colin C , McQuarrie Emily P 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundSmall studies suggest an association between ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) incidence and rurality, seasonality and socioeconomic deprivation. We examined the incidence of kidney biopsy-proven AAV and its relationship with these factors in the adult Scottish population.MethodsUsing the Scottish Renal Biopsy Registry, all adult native kidney biopsies performed between 2014 and 2018 with a diagnosis of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) or microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) were identified. The Scottish Government Urban Rural Classification was used for rurality analysis. Seasons were defined as autumn (September–November), winter (December–February), spring (March–May) and summer (June–August). Patients were separated into quintiles of socioeconomic deprivation using the validated Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation and incidence standardised to age. Estimated glomerular filtration rate and urine protein:creatinine ratio at time of biopsy were used to assess disease severity.Results339 cases of renal AAV were identified, of which 62% had MPA and 38% had GPA diagnosis. AAV incidence was 15.1 per million population per year (pmp/year). Mean age was 66 years and 54% were female. Incidence of GPA (but not MPA) was positively associated with rurality (5.2, 8.4 and 9.1 pmp/year in ‘urban’, ‘accessible remote’ and ‘rural remote’ areas, respectively; p=0.04). The age-standardised incidence ratio was similar across all quintiles of deprivation (p=ns).ConclusionsSeasonality and disease severity did not vary across AAV study groups. In this complete national cohort study, we observed a positive association between kidney biopsy-proven GPA and rurality.
HIV and STI positivity rates among transgender people attending two large STI clinics in the Netherlands
Authors: Drückler Susanne , Daans Ceranza , Hoornenborg Elske , De Vries Henry , den Heijer Martin , Prins Maria , Kuizenga Wessel Sophie , van Rooijen Martijn 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundGlobal data show that transgender people (TGP) are disproportionally affected by HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs); however, data are scarce for Western European countries. We assessed gender identities, sexual behaviour, HIV prevalence and STI positivity rates, and compared these outcomes between TGP who reported sex work and those who did not.MethodsWe retrospectively retrieved data from all TGP who were tested at the STI clinics of Amsterdam and The Hague, the Netherlands in 2017–2018. To identify one’s gender identity, a ‘two-step’ methodology was used assessing, first, the assigned gender at birth (assigned male at birth (AMAB)) or assigned female at birth), and second, clients were asked to select one gender identity that currently applies: (1) transgender man/transgender woman, (2) man and woman, (3) neither man nor woman, (4) other and (5) not known yet. HIV prevalence, bacterial STI (chlamydia, gonorrhoea and/or infectious syphilis) positivity rates and sexual behaviour were studied using descriptive statistics.ResultsTGP reported all five categories of gender identities. In total 273 transgender people assigned male at birth (TGP-AMAB) (83.0%) and 56 transgender people assigned female at birth (TGP-AFAB) (17.0%) attended the STI clinics. Of TGP-AMAB, 14,6% (39/267, 95% CI 10.6% to 19.4%) were HIV-positive, including two new diagnoses and bacterial STI positivity was 15.0% (40/267, 95% CI 10.9% to 19.8%). Among TGP-AFAB, bacterial STI positivity was 5.6% (3/54, 95% CI 1.2% to 15.4%) and none were HIV-positive. Sex work in the past 6 months was reported by 53.3% (137/257, 95% CI 47.0% to 59.5%) of TGP-AMAB and 6.1% (3/49, 95% CI 1.3% to 16.9%) of TGP-AFAB. HIV prevalence did not differ between sex workers and non-sex workers.ConclusionOf all TGP, the majority were TGP-AMAB of whom more than half engaged in sex work. HIV prevalence and STI positivity rates were substantial among TGP-AMAB and much lower among TGP-AFAB. Studies should be performed to provide insight into whether the larger population of TGP-AMAB and TGP-AFAB are at risk of HIV and STI.
Formation temperature and ages of the True North ‘orogenic’ gold deposit in Manitoba, Canada
Authors: Alexandre Paul , Fayek Mostafa 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The True North orogenic gold deposit is situated in the 2.99–2.70 Ga Rice Lake greenstone belt near Bissett (Manitoba, Canada). This belt is the western equivalent of northern Ontario's Abitibi gold-producing region. The lithology and alteration, structural control, geochronological framework, and ore geology of the True North orogenic gold deposit have been addressed, but its formation temperature and age are poorly constrained.
The deposit's gold-bearing veins are composed mostly of quartz (40 to 80%), ankerite (20 to 30%), and albite (5 to 25%), with minor muscovite, sericite, chlorite, and calcite. Sulfide minerals are dominated by pyrite and chalcopyrite and with minor pyrrhotite; native gold appears as inclusions in sulfides or as free gold. In general, most of the major minerals, the sulfides, and gold all precipitated during the main ore stage.

The oxygen isotopic composition of co-existing quartz–albite and quartz–ankerite couples were used to calculate a formation temperature of approximately 230°C for these minerals, which is comparable to the nearby 007 gold deposit. These temperatures are on the low end of the temperature range reported for orogenic gold deposits.
40
Ar/
39
Ar geochronology (single grain laser fusion of muscovite and sericite) revealed the presence of two age groups, at 2441.2 ± 8.8 Ma and 2483.1 ± 10.2 Ma, approximately 200 myr lower than the age of the main collision-related deformation within the Rice Lake belt. These ages indicate that the True North deposit was clearly post-orogenic, similar to vein gold deposits elsewhere, and was likely produced by the emplacement of the Huronian Supergroup and the thermal effects of the Matachewan large igneous province, which has the same ages. It is suggested that the True North deposit may belong to a descriptive category of post-orogenic low-temperature quartz–carbonate–albite vein gold deposit, more in line with recent developments in classification schemes.
Multi-method 2D and 3D reconstruction of gold grain morphology in alluvial deposits: a review and application to the Rivière du Moulin (Québec, Canada)
Authors: Masson François-Xavier , Beaudoin Georges , Laurendeau Denis 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to document and compare the 2D qualitative and semi-quantitative methods currently used to describe the shape of gold grains in fluvial environments with the 3D quantitative methods using X-ray microtomography and SEM photogrammetry. These 3D methods are used to compute flatness, roundness, convexity, sphericity and ellipticity shape descriptors of 13 gold grains from the Rivière du Moulin (Québec, Canada) in order to quantify the morphological change along 9 km of fluvial transport. Gold grains have moderate to high values of flatness, compactness, sphericity and ellipticity indices that do not change significantly with distance of transport, whereas the roundness increases during transport. Gold grains are used to compare 2D and 3D methods, and the results show small differences (<8%) when shape descriptors are computed using image analysis software, whereas the difference (up to 70%) is more important for 2D measurements performed by a human operator. For application and characterization on a large set of gold grains, the 2D methods offer the advantage of speed, whereas, for a more detailed study on a limited number of gold grains, 3D methods enable estimation of the volume and yield more detailed shape descriptor changes during fluvial transport.
Prognostic Value of 2-Deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography after Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Lymphoma Using Deauville Scores
Authors: Dai Na , Zhou Yeye , Deng Shengming , Sang Shibiao , Wu Yiwei 
Published: April 2021

Purpose. In the present study, we mainly aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) after autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in lymphoma. Procedures. A total of 76 lymphoma patients who benefited from [18F]F-FDG PET-CT (within 3 months and 3–6 months) after ASCT in our institution between April 2010 and December 2019 were enrolled in this retrospective study. These abovementioned patients were divided into two groups based on the Deauville criteria. The Kaplan–Meier method was used in survival analysis, and the log-rank method was adopted in comparison. Prognostic factor analysis was performed by the Cox regression model. Results. Positive post-ASCT [18F]F-FDG PET-CT was associated with lower progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) (

p

= 0.001 and

p

= 0.022, respectively). Univariate analysis showed the post-ASCT PET-CT result was the only independent factor associated with PFS (

p

= 0.002). Both the number of previous treatments and post-ASCT PET-CT result had a different impact on OS (

p

= 0.040 and

p

= 0.028, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed the post-ASCT PET-CT result was the only independent factor associated with OS (

p

= 0.028). The results showed no significant change from the abovementioned results when DS < 3 was defined as the negative result. For patients who had a PET-CT scan within 3–6 months after ASCT, the negative PET-CT group had a better prognosis including PFS and OS (

p

= 0.009 and

p

= 0.025, respectively). However, among the patients receiving PET-CT within 3 months, the result was not statistically significant (

p

= 0.064 and

p

= 0.445, respectively). Conclusion. Collectively, we found that the post-ASCT [18F]F-FDG PET-CT was a strong indicator for PFS and OS, and a time window of 3–6 months was appropriate for post-ASCT [18F]F-FDG PET-CT. Trial registration number: ChiCTR2100042745.
Select Antitumor Cytotoxic CD8+ T Clonotypes Expand in Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Treated with Ibrutinib
Authors: Baptista Maria Joao , Baskar Sivasubramanian , Gaglione Erika M. , Keyvanfar Keyvan , Ahn Inhye E. , Wiestner Adrian , Sun Clare 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Purpose:
In chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), the T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire is skewed and tumor-derived antigens are hypothesized as drivers of oligoclonal expansion. Ibrutinib, a standard treatment for CLL, inhibits not only Bruton tyrosine kinase of the B-cell receptor signaling pathway, but also IL2-inducible kinase of the TCR signaling pathway. T-cell polarization and activation are affected by ibrutinib, but it is unknown whether T cells contribute to clinical response.

Experimental Design:
High-throughput TCRβ sequencing was performed in 77 longitudinal samples from 26 patients with CLL treated with ibrutinib. TCRβ usage in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and granzyme B expression were assessed by flow cytometric analysis. Antitumor cytotoxicity of T cells expanded with autologous CLL cells or with antigen-independent anti-CD3/CD28/CD137 beads was tested.

Results:
The clonality of the TCR repertoire increased at the time of response. With extended treatment, TCR clonality remained stable in patients with sustained remission and decreased in patients with disease progression. Expanded clonotypes were rarely shared between patients, indicating specificity for private antigens. Flow cytometry demonstrated a predominance of CD8+ cells among expanded clonotypes. Importantly, bulk T cells from responding patients were cytotoxic against autologous CLL cells in vitro and selective depletion of major expanded clonotypes reduced CLL cell killing.

Conclusions:
In patients with CLL, established T-cell responses directed against tumor are suppressed by disease and reactivated by ibrutinib.
See related commentary by Zent, p. 4465
Trends in 30- and 90-Day Readmission Rates for Heart Failure
Authors: Khan Muhammad Shahzeb , Sreenivasan Jayakumar , Lateef Noman , Abougergi Marwan S. , Greene Stephen J. , Ahmad Tariq , Anker Stefan D. , Fonarow Gregg C. , Butler Javed 
Published: April 2021

Background:
The impact of hospital readmission reduction program (HRRP) on heart failure (HF) outcomes has been debated. Limited data exist regarding trends of HF readmission rates beyond 30 days from all-payer sources. The aim of this study was to investigate temporal trends of 30- and 90-day HF readmissions rates from 2010 to 2017 in patients from all-payer sources.

Methods:
The National Readmission Database was utilized to identify HF hospitalizations between 2010 and 2017. In the primary analysis, a linear trend in 30-day and 90-day readmissions from 2010 to 2017 was assessed. While in the secondary analysis, a change in aggregated 30- and 90-day all-cause and HF-specific readmissions pre-HRRP penalty phase (2010–2012) and post-HRRP penalties (2013–2017) was compared. Subgroup analyses were performed based on (1) Medicare versus non-Medicare insurance, (2) low versus high HF volume, and (3) HF with reduced versus preserved ejection fraction (heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction). Multiple logistic and adjusted linear regression analyses were performed for annual trends.

Results:

A total of 6 669 313 index HF hospitalizations for 30-day, and 5 077 949 index HF hospitalizations for 90-day readmission, were included. Of these, 1 213 402 (18.2%) encounters had a readmission within 30 days, and 1 585 445 (31.2%) encounters had a readmission within 90 days. Between 2010 and 2017, both 30 and 90 days adjusted HF-specific and all-cause readmissions increased (8.1% to 8.7%,
P
trend 0.04, and 18.3% to 19.9%,
P
trend <0.001 for 30-day and 14.8% to 16.0% and 30.9% to 34.6% for 90-day,
P
trend <0.001 for both, respectively). Readmission rates were higher during the post-HRRP penalty period compared with pre-HRRP penalty phase (all-cause readmission 30 days: 18.6% versus 17.5%,
P
<0.001, all-cause readmission 90 days: 32.0% versus 29.9%,
P
<0.001) across all subgroups except among the low-volume hospitals.

Conclusions:
The rates of adjusted HF-specific and all-cause 30- and 90-day readmissions have increased from 2010 to 2017. Readmissions rates were higher during the HRRP phase across all subgroups except the low-volume hospitals.
Predictors of Early Infarct Recurrence in Patients With Symptomatic Intracranial Atherosclerotic Disease
Authors: Prabhakaran Shyam , Liebeskind David S. , Cotsonis George , Nizam Azhar , Feldmann Edward , Sangha Rajbeer S. , Campo-Bustillo Iszet , Romano Jose G. ,   on behalf of the MYRIAD Investigators
Published: April 2021

Background and Purpose:
While prior studies identified risk factors for recurrent stroke in patients with symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic disease, few have assessed risk factors for early infarct recurrence.

Methods:
We performed a post hoc analysis of the MYRIAD study (Mechanisms of Early Recurrence in Intracranial Atherosclerotic Disease) of intracranial atherosclerotic disease patients with recent (<21 days) stroke/transient ischemic attack, 50% to 99% stenosis and who underwent 6- to 8-week magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) per protocol. Infarct recurrence was defined as new infarcts in the territory of the symptomatic artery on brain MRI at 6 to 8 weeks compared to index brain MRI. Qualifying events and clinical and imaging outcomes were centrally ascertained by 2 independent reviewers. We assessed the association between baseline clinical and imaging variables and recurrent infarct in bivariate models and multivariable logistic regression to identify independent predictors of infarct recurrence.

Results:

Of 105 enrolled patients in MYRIAD, 89 (84.8%) were included in this analysis (mean age, 64±12 years, 54 [60.7%] were male, and 53 [59.6%] were White). The median time from qualifying event to MRI was 51+16 days, on which 22 (24.7%) patients had new or recurrent infarcts. Younger age (57.7 versus 66.0 years;
P
<0.01), diabetes (32.6% versus 14.6%,
P
=0.05), index stroke (31.3% versus 4.6%,
P
=0.01), anterior circulation location of stenosis (29.7% versus 12.0%,
P
=0.08), number of diffusion-weighted imaging lesions (>1: 40.0%, 1: 26.9% versus 0: 4.4%,
P
<0.01), and borderzone infarct pattern (63.6% versus 25.0%,
P
=0.01) on baseline MRI were associated with new or recurrent infarcts. Age (adjusted odds ratio, 0.93 [95% CI, 0.89–0.98],
P
<0.01) and number of diffusion-weighted imaging lesions (adjusted odds ratio, 3.24 [95% CI, 1.36–7.71],
P
<0.01) were independently associated with recurrent infarct adjusting for hypertension, diabetes, and stenosis location (anterior versus posterior circulation).

Conclusions:
An index multi-infarct pattern is associated with early recurrent infarcts, a finding that might be explained by plaque instability and artery-to-artery embolism. Further investigation of plaque vulnerability in intracranial atherosclerotic disease is needed.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02121028.
Accurate Expressions for the Dewpoint and Frost Point Derived from the Rankine–Kirchhoff Approximations
Authors: Romps David M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAccurate, explicit, and analytic expressions are derived for the dewpoint and frost point as functions of temperature and relative humidity. These are derived theoretically in terms of physical constants using the Rankine–Kirchhoff approximations, which assume an ideal gas, fixed heat capacities, and zero specific volume of condensates. Compared to modern laboratory measurements, the expressions are accurate to within a few hundredths of a degree over the full range of Earth-relevant temperatures, from 180 to 273 K for the frost point and 230 to 330 K for the dewpoint.
Prognostic factors in patients treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and continuous renal replacement therapy
Authors: Hiramatsu Toshiki , Shimizu Shigemitsu , Koga Hidenobu 
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) are treatments for critically ill patients with respiratory failure and acute kidney injury. However, no reliable factors have been identified to predict survival in patients treated with both ECMO and CRRT. The aim of this study was to identify prognostic factors for discharging intensive care unit (ICU) patients who required CRRT during ECMO. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from patients who required CRRT in addition to the ECMO, between April 2015 and March 2018. The patients were divided into two groups: patients who survived and patients who died during ICU hospitalization. We determined their demographic and clinical characteristics, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) scores, Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (SAPS II) scores, and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores. Further, we assessed whether these characteristics differed between individuals who did or did not survive the ICU hospitalization. Results: We found that the APACHE II and SAPS II scores differed significantly between both ECMO and CRRT treated patients who did or did not survive hospitalization. Further, intracranial hemorrhage during ECMO and CRRT therapy was associated with lower survival rate. Conclusions: Using APACHE II and SAPS II scores might be helpful in making treatment decisions for patients treated with ECMO and CRRT. Intracranial hemorrhage could be a poor prognostic factor. Our findings indicate the potential utility of APACHE II and SAPS II scores to predict mortality in patients treated with both ECMO and CRRT.
Ascorbic Acid and Iron Supplement Treatment Improves Stem Cell–Mediated Cartilage Regeneration in a Minipig Model
Authors: Theruvath Ashok Joseph , Mahmoud Elhussein Elbadry , Wu Wei , Nejadnik Hossein , Kiru Louise , Liang Tie , Felt Stephen , Daldrup-Link Heike Elisabeth 
Published: April 2021

Background: The transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into cartilage defects has led to variable cartilage repair outcomes. Previous in vitro studies have shown that ascorbic acid and reduced iron independently can improve the chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs. However, the combined effect of ascorbic acid and iron supplementation on MSC differentiation has not been investigated. Purpose: To investigate the combined in vivo effects of ascorbic acid and a US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–approved iron supplement on MSC-mediated cartilage repair in mature Göttingen minipigs. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: We pretreated bone marrow–derived MSCs with ascorbic acid and the FDA-approved iron supplement ferumoxytol and then transplanted the MSCs into full-thickness cartilage defects in the distal femurs of Göttingen minipigs. Untreated cartilage defects served as negative controls. We evaluated the cartilage repair site with magnetic resonance imaging at 4 and 12 weeks after MSC implantation, followed by histological examination and immunofluorescence staining at 12 weeks. Results: Ascorbic acid plus iron–pretreated MSCs demonstrated a significantly better MOCART (magnetic resonance observation of cartilage repair tissue) score (73.8 ± 15.5), better macroscopic cartilage regeneration score according to the International Cartilage Repair Society (8.6 ± 2.0), better Pineda score (2.9 ± 0.8), and larger amount of collagen type II (28,469 ± 21,313) compared with untreated controls (41.3 ± 2.5, 1.8 ± 2.9, 12.8 ± 1.9, and 905 ± 1326, respectively). The obtained scores were also better than scores previously reported in the same animal model for MSC implants without ascorbic acid. Conclusion: Pretreatment of MSCs with ascorbic acid and an FDA-approved iron supplement improved the chondrogenesis of MSCs and led to hyaline-like cartilage regeneration in the knee joints of minipigs. Clinical Relevance: Ascorbic acid and iron supplements are immediately clinically applicable. Thus, these results, in principle, could be translated into clinical applications.
Do Inpatients Receive Risk-Based Prophylactic Treatment for Thrombotic Events?
Authors: Nemani Armin , von zur Mühlen Constantin , Steffen Friederike , Schulte Johannes , Bode Christoph , Krohn-Grimberghe Marvin 
Published: April 2021

Background: Current guidelines recommend risk-based use of prophylaxis for preventing medical inpatients from venous thromboembolism (VTE). Little is known about the current prescription practice, and even less whether differences between subspecialists like cardiologists, usually treating patients with thrombotic or thromboembolic diseases, and gastroenterologists, treating more patients with gastrointestinal bleeding complications, exist. Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of patients on cardiology and gastroenterology wards of our university hospital. Patients with a clear indication for anticoagulation and contraindication against antithrombotic treatment were excluded. A total of 450 patients per specialty were included. Quantitative risk assessment models were used to determine the risk of a VTE (Padua Prediction Score (PPS), IMPROVE Score) and bleeding (IMPROVE-Bleeding and HAS-BLED Score). Results: The overall rate of VTE prophylaxis was high in both patient populations. Significant more low-risk cardiology compared to gastroenterology patients received drug-based prophylaxis. Furthermore, crucial discrepancies were found in the way individual patients would be classified based on PPS and IMPROVE Score. Finally, not the risk category but the length of hospital stay was best at predicting which patient received prophylaxis.