bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Educational Robotics: Building and Applying an App-controlled Car to Study Newton’s Laws
Authors: Matos Maicon Teixeira , Zannin Marcelo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe use of technology – including mobile phones – in classrooms is a growing and promising trend, but it still needs research on ways to integrate it in classrooms and on its impacts. We propose a low cost educational product where students assemble an Arduino car remotely controlled through a mobile app and use it to study Newton’s third law, of action-reaction forces. The teacher used an inquiry-based approach to prompt students to test towing capacity of the car. Students connected the car to different weights and used a structure of pulleys to investigate the behaviour of fixed and movable pulleys, as well as the forces involved. The goal of the activity is to motivate students to study physics and to facilitate learning. This article describes a pilot implementation of the educational product in a secondary school of Brazil. We used a qualitative approach to evaluate the implementation. Students answered a survey before and after the activities. They also delivered a report and answered questions about the physics involved. The teacher recorded his observations. The product and the strategy showed great potential: these students were more motivated and engaged in the classes and were able to learn the main concepts involved.
Plasma Nitrocarburizing of AISI 316L Austenitic Stainless Steel: a First Step for Treatment of Components with Complex Geometries
Authors: Jafarpour Saeed , Dalke Anke , Biermann Horst 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The surfaces of AISI 316L austenitic stainless steel components with complex shapes and geometries can be subjected to extreme loads with intensive wear stress resulting a short lifetime. Low temperature active screen plasma nitrocarburizing (ASPNC) can be applied to form a thin duplex layer known as expanded austenite, improving the hardness and wear resistance with acceptable corrosion resistance. However, ASPNC of shaped components and components with different aspect ratios may yield non-uniform expanded austenite layer and/or reproducibility problems limiting their applications for specific cases. In this study, first, ASPNC of AISI 316L treated at different temperatures was investigated using active screen made of carbon-fibre reinforced carbon (CFC) to determine a reliable treatment temperature without CrN precipitation. In addition, several non-uniformity effects related to geometry and shape of structured samples were investigated during ASPNC treatment at different biased conditions. It was shown that in case of structured samples, a weak bias power at the samples was an essential process parameter to guarantee the formation of thick and homogenous expanded austenite layer while in non-biased conditions, thin and inhomogeneous expanded austenite is formed.
Glatiramer acetate treatment inhibits inflammatory responses and improves survival in a mice model of cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis
Authors: Maleki Elahe , Sheibani Mohammad , Nezamoleslami Sadaf , Dehpour Ahmad Reza , Takzaree Nasrin , Shafaroodi Hamed 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Sepsis is a clinical crisis which has been considered as one of the important causes of mortality across the world. We hypothesized that modulation of hyper-inflammatory phase of sepsis pathophysiology can lead to protective effects on survival outcome. Glatiramer acetate (GA) is a neuroprotective drug commonly used in multiple sclerosis (MS). GA is characterized by immunom activity via regulation of innate and adaptive immunity. This study was designed to evaluate the acute treatment with GA on initial inflammatory response-induced mortality in septic mice.

Methods
Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model was operated on male mice as a model of Polymicrobial sepsis. GA was administrated intraperitoneally after the sepsis induction at doses of 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/kg in three treatment groups. To investigate the effect of GA on short-term survival, septic mice were observed during 72 h after CLP. Serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 as pro-inflammatory cytokines and also IL-10 as a critical anti-inflammatory cytokine were analysed. To consider sepsis-induced acute kidney injury, renal functional biomarkers and histopathological changes was assessed.

Results
GA treatment significantly improved survival rate at doses of 1, and 2 mg/kg. Survival improvement was accompanied by remarkable reduction in the pro-inflammatory cytokines and enhanced production of IL-10. GA showed to have protective effects on renal function as well.

Conclusions
Immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties of GA resulted in increase in survival rate and decrease in inflammatory markers in mice model of cecal ligation and puncture–induced sepsis.
Boundary value problems of Hilfer-type fractional integro-differential equations and inclusions with nonlocal integro-multipoint boundary conditions
Authors: Nuchpong Cholticha , Ntouyas Sotiris K. , Tariboon Jessada 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we study boundary value problems of fractional integro-differential equations and inclusions involving Hilfer fractional derivative. Existence and uniqueness results are obtained by using the classical fixed point theorems of Banach, Krasnosel’skiĭ, and Leray-Schauder in the single-valued case, while Martelli’s fixed point theorem, nonlinear alternative for multi-valued maps, and Covitz-Nadler fixed point theorem are used in the inclusion case. Examples illustrating the obtained results are also presented.
On the Gevrey ultradifferentiability of weak solutions of an abstract evolution equation with a scalar type spectral operator on the real axis
Authors: Markin Marat V. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Given the abstract evolution equation

y
′

(
t
)
=
A
y
(
t
)
,
t
∈
ℝ
,

y^{\prime} (t)=Ay(t),t\in {\mathbb{R}},

with a scalar type spectral operator A in a complex Banach space, we find conditions on A, formulated exclusively in terms of the location of its spectrum in the complex plane, necessary and sufficient for all weak solutions of the equation, which a priori need not be strongly differentiable, to be strongly Gevrey ultradifferentiable of order

β
≥
1

\beta \ge 1

, in particular analytic or entire, on

ℝ

{\mathbb{R}}

. We also reveal certain inherent smoothness improvement effects and show that if all weak solutions of the equation are Gevrey ultradifferentiable of orders less than one, then the operator A is necessarily bounded. The important particular case of the equation with a normal operator A in a complex Hilbert space follows immediately.
Tanggung Jawab Perusahaan Aplikasi Go-Jek Atas Mitra Kerja Yang Mengalami Kecelakaan Lalu Lintas
Authors: Maulana Hafizh , Hejazziey Djawahir 
Published: February 2021

AbstrakStudi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kedudukan hukum prihal pertanggungjawaban antara perusahaan Go-Jek dengan mitra kerjanya. Belum jelasnya pertanggungan asuransi kecelakaan terhadap driver disebabkan belum adanya peraturan yang secara jelas mengatur tentang kendaraan roda dua yanga dijadikan alat transpoirtasi umum di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian library research dan field research yang mengkaji berbagai data dokumen terkait penelitian dan menggabungkan dengan data wawancara yang dilakukan secara langsung dengan subjek penelitian. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah normative-empiris dengan menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach). Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah studi kepustakaan dan wawancara. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa hubunagan hukum antara driver dengan PT. Go-Jek Indonesia hanya sebatas hubungan mitra kerja sehingga PT. Go-Jek Indonesia tidak bertanggung jawab apabila terjadi kecelakaan kerja, hanya saja mitra kerjanya akan ada asuransi yang dikelola berupa Go-Protection dan juga bekerjasana dengan allianz sebagai bentuk perlindungan keselamatan kerja. Kendaraan roda dua yanga dijadikan alat transpoirtasi umum di Indonesia tidak masuk dalam klasifikasi kendaraan bermotor umum dikarenakan tidak diatur dalam peraturan perundang-undangan. Kata Kunci : Go-Jek , Pertangungjawaban Kemitraan.
Penyelesaian Kasus Tindak Pidana Anak Melalui Diversi Dalam Perspektif Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak
Authors: Ramadhan Azhary , Kamarusdiana Kamarusdiana , Soefyanto Soefyanto 
Published: February 2021

Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan restorative justice yang sudah berlaku di Indonesia dalam perkara pidana anak. Restorative justice sendiri merupakan model penyelesaian perkara pidana yang mengedepankan pemulihan terhadap korban, pelaku, dan masyarakat. Prinsip utama restorative justice adalah adanya partisipasi korban dan pelaku, partisipasi warga sebagai fasilitator dalam penyelesaian kasus, sehingga ada jaminan anak atau pelaku tidak lagi mengganggu harmoni yang sudah tercipta dalam masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjawab apkah prinsip restorative justice dapat diterapkan di Indonesia dengan sistem hukum yang berlaku, serta menjawab apakah penerapan diversi terhadap pidana anak di Indonesia sudah sesuai dengan prinsip restorative justice. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normative dengan menggunakan pendekatan statue approach atau pendekatan Undang-Undang dengan sumber data primer yakni Undang Undang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak Nomor 11 Tahun 2012, dengan pengolahan data berdasarkan data penerapan diversi di Indonesia, kemudian dianalisis dalam bentuk pernyataan dan diagram. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori Lawrence M. Friedman yang dikaitkan dengan hukum Islam, serta teori Restorative Justice dan teori Kemanfaatan hukum. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa penerapan restorative justice di Indonesia menemukan bahwa para penegak hukum dalam melaksanakan diversi masih cukup rendah, karena menurut catatan masih banyak para penegak hukum di tingkat kepolisian, kejaksaan dan pengadilan belum efektif dalam menerapkan diversi pada peradilan anak.
An mHealth Intervention for Pregnancy Prevention for LGB Teens: An RCT
Authors: Ybarra Michele , Goodenow Carol , Rosario Margaret , Saewyc Elizabeth , Prescott Tonya 
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND:Although lesbian, gay, bisexual and other sexual minority (LGB+) girls are more likely than heterosexual girls to be pregnant during adolescence, relevant pregnancy prevention programming is lacking.METHODS:A national randomized controlled trial was conducted with 948 14- to 18-year-old cisgender LGB+ girls assigned to either Girl2Girl or an attention-matched control group. Participants were recruited on social media between January 2017 and January 2018 and enrolled over the telephone. Between 5 and 10 text messages were sent daily for 7 weeks. Both experimental arms ended with a 1-week booster delivered 12 weeks subsequently.RESULTS:A total of 799 (84%) participants completed the intervention end survey. Participants were, on average, 16.1 years of age (SD: 1.2 years). Forty-three percent were minority race; 24% were Hispanic ethnicity. Fifteen percent lived in a rural area and 29% came from a low-income household. Girl2Girl was associated with significantly higher rates of condom-protected sex (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.48, P &lt; .001), current use of birth control other than condoms (aOR = 1.60, P = .02), and intentions to use birth control among those not currently on birth control (aOR = 1.93, P = .001). Differences in pregnancy were clinically but not statistically significant (aOR = 0.43, P = .23). Abstinence (aOR = 0.82, P = .34), intentions to be abstinent (aOR = 0.95, P = .77), and intentions to use condoms (aOR = 1.09, P = .59) were similar by study arm.CONCLUSIONS:Girl2Girl appears to be associated with increases in pregnancy preventive behaviors for LGB+ girls, at least in the short-term. Comprehensive text messaging–based interventions could be used more widely to promote adolescent sexual health behaviors across the United States.
Evaluation of oxidative/nitrative stress and uterine artery pulsatility index in early pregnancy
Authors: Gerszi D. , Penyige Á. , Mezei Z. , Sárai-Szabó B. , Benkő R. , Bányai B. , Demendi C. , Ujvári E. , Várbíró S. , Horváth E.M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionIncreased oxidative/nitrative stress is characteristic not only in pathologic, but also in healthy pregnancy. High uterine artery pulsatility index (UtAPI) at the end of the first trimester is associated with altered placentation and elevated risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes. We aimed to examine the relationship of systemic oxidative/nitrative stress and uterine artery pulsatility index in the first trimester and their correlation to pregnancy outcomes.Material and methodsHealthy pregnant women were recruited at 12–13th gestational week ultrasound examination; UtAPI was determined by color Doppler ultrasound. Patients were divided into high (UtAPI ≥ 2.3) (n= 30) and low (n= 31) resistance groups, and pregnancies were followed until labor. Systemic oxidative/nitrative stress was estimated by measuring total peroxide level, total antioxidant capacity and nitrotyrosine level.ResultsPlasma total peroxide level was significantly lower (2,510 ± 39 µM vs. 2,285 ± 59 µM), total antioxidant capacity was higher (781 ± 16 mM CRE vs. 822 ± 13 mM CRE) in the high UtAPI group, which were accompanied by lower birth weight (3,317 ± 64 vs. 3,517 ± 77 g,P< 0.05). Plasma total peroxide level showed a negative correlation (by Pearson) to UtAPI (P< 0.01) and positive correlation to birth weight (P< 0.05).ConclusionsAccording to our results, lower systemic oxidative stress showed correlation with high UtAPI measured between the 12–13th weeks of gestation. We also found significant differences in the birth weight of healthy newborns; therefore it is worth examining this relationship in pathological pregnancies.
What determines the varying relation of case and agreement? Evidence from the Ugric languages
Authors: Kiss Katalin É. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAgreement and case assignment can be interdependent, partially independent, or independent of each other (Baker & Vinokurova 2010; Baker 2014, 2015). These parametric options appear to have random distribution across languages. This paper claims on the basis of the comparison of the Ugric languages (Mansi, Khanty, and Hungarian) that the correlation of case and agreement or the lack of it may not be random. A strict correlation of case and agreement is attested in sentence structures displaying a fusion of grammatical functions and discourse roles. When these roles are encoded in distinct clausal domains, case and agreement have separate functions and licensing conditions, with case marking grammatical functions, and agreement associated with discourse roles. At the same time, relics of their former syntactic interdependence may survive in morphology, resulting in a partial correlation between case and agreement. It is shown that dependent case theory can account for the whole range of variation attested in the relation of case and agreement.
The impact of hydropeaking on sediment transport
Authors: Buček Daniel , Orfánus Martin , Dušička Peter , Šulek Peter 
Published: February 2021

AbstractVariable renewable energy sources, e.g. solar and wind power, require flexible management of energy sources to stabilize the power grid. Immediate changes in power generation and power usage is compensated for by the operation of hydropower plants. This subsequently leads to frequent flow fluctuations – hydropeaking downstream of the hydropower plant. This study examines the short-term impacts of hydropeaking of hydropower plants on the sediment transport using numerical morphodynamic model. The model is calibrated to field measurements and subjected to various hydropeaking scenarios on daily to sub-daily scale. Based on this study, the effect of hydropeaking of hydropower plant 23.42 km upstream of the studied river section would have negligible effect on the bedload transport in the studied cross section.
Desempenho Agronômico de Cultivares de Soja Precoce em Função de Doses de Pó-de-Ametista
Authors: Morais Karen Annie Dias de , Zuffo Alan Mario , Aguilera Jorge González , Oliveira Neto Francisco Mendes de , Silva Elicia Lidiane Santos da , Ratke Rafael Felippe 
Published: February 2021

A incorporação de pó-de-ametista no solo pode promover a remineralização e incrementar a produtividade da cultura da soja. Portanto, o objetivo com o presente trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho e as características agronômicas de cultivares de soja precoce após a aplicação superficial de pó-de-ametista no solo. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, disposto em esquema fatorial 2×4, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por duas cultivares de soja (Brasmax Foco IPRO e Brasmax Desafio IPRO) e quatro doses de pó de rocha [0 (controle), 3, 6 e 9 t ha-1], cuja fonte é resíduo de uma mineradora de pedra ametista. Na colheita foram determinados: a altura das plantas, a inserção do primeiro legume, o número de legumes, o número de grãos por legume, a massa de mil grãos, produtividade de grãos e o teor de proteína dos grãos. A aplicação de pó-de-ametista resultou em aumento no número de legumes por plantas, todavia, não alterou a produtividade de grãos, independentemente das doses.

Palavras-chave: Glycine max L. Merrill. Pó-de-Rocha. Remineração.

Abstract
The incorporation of amethyst powder in the soil can promote remineralization and increase the productivity of the soybean crop. Therefore, the objective of the present work was to evaluate the performance of the agronomic characteristics of early soybean cultivars after the surface application of amethyst powder in the soil. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design, arranged in a 2×4 factorial scheme, with four replications. The treatments consisted of two soybean cultivars (Brasmax foco IPRO and Brasmax Desafio IPRO) and four doses of rock dust [0 (control), 3, 6 and 9 t ha-1], whose source is the residue of an amethyst stone miner. At harvest, the height of the plants, the insertion of the first legume, the number of legume, the number of grains per legume, the mass of one thousand grains, the grain yield were determined and the protein content of the grains. The application of amethyst powder resulted in an increase in the number of vegetables per plant, however, it did not alter the grain yield, regardless of the doses
.
Keywords: Glycine max L. Merrill. Rock Dust. Remineralization.
Granuloma Annulare: a Review of the Literature
Authors: Passeti Tânia Aguiar , Lisboa Wesley Pascoal , Grinblat Gabrielle Ellen Rodrigues , Fonseca Fernando Luiz Affonso , Criado Paulo Ricardo , Nogueira Diniz Susana 
Published: February 2021

Granuloma annulare (GA) is a form of noninfectious skin granuloma, first described in 1895 as a rash in the form of a ring (annular), with regular, rounded edges. Around 50% of the cases are cured spontaneously within 2 years, however, a percentage of patients suffer from recurrent lesions or persistence for years. The pathogenesis of GA lesions is not well understood, with studies linking its expression to the presence of histocompatibility genes (HLA)-Bw35 or AH8.1 allele. These genes are related to the production of TNF-α (Tumor Necrosis Factor-α) by mononuclear cells. The pathogenesis includes the migration of macrophages to the dermis, the presence of cytokines, late hypersensitivity reaction, defects in regulating the neutrophil chemotaxis and degradation of the connective tissue. Its outbreak may be linked to predisposing factors, such as diabetes mellitus, thyroid changes and viral infectious diseases. The macrophages present in GA lesions may receive stimuli that result in its modulation to M1 or M2 activation patterns. The study of the M1 and M2 modulation mechanism in the lesion is important for an understanding of GA development.

Keywords: Granuloma Annulare. Macrophage. Immunology. Pathogenesis and Modulation.
Resumo
O Granuloma Anular (GA) é um tipo de granuloma cutâneo não infeccioso, que foi descrito em 1895, como uma exantema em formato de anel (anular), de bordas regulares e arredondadas. Cerca de 50% dos casos têm cura espontânea em 2 anos, mas parte dos pacientes apresentam recidivas das lesões ou persistência por anos. A patogênese das lesões do GA é pouco conhecida. Estudos relacionam sua expressão à presença de genes de histocompatibilidade (HLA)-Bw35 ou AH8.1, que são relacionados à produção de TNF-α (Tumor necrosis factor - α), pelas células mononucleares. A patogênese também inclui migração de macrófagos para derme, presença de citocinas, reação de hipersensibilidade tardia, defeito na quimiotaxia de neutrófilos e degradação do tecido conectivo. O surgimento das lesões pode estar associado a fatores predisponentes, como diabetes mellitus, alterações tireoidianas e doenças infecciosas virais. Os macrófagos presentes nas lesões de GA podem sofrer estímulos que acarretem sua modulação para os padrões de ativação M1 ou M2. O estudo de tais mecanismo de modulação é importante para a compreensão da instalação e desenvolvimento do GA nos pacientes afetados.

Palavras-chave: Granuloma Anular. Macrófagos. Modulação. Imunologia e Patogênese.
Ação dos Neurotransmissores Envolvidos na Depressão
Authors: Diniz Julia Pickina , Neves Solange Aparecida de Oliveira , Vieira Milene Leivas 
Published: February 2021

Presente em cerca de 300 milhões de pessoas, a depressão é um transtorno do humor (TH) que afeta cada vez mais a população, sendo causa de diversas mortes, como as decorrentes de suicídio. Existem algumas hipóteses para a origem desse TH, como aquelas que envolvem as aminas biológicas, ou seja, os neurotransmissores norepinefrina e 5-hidroxitriptamina (serotonina). Sendo assim, o objetivo desta revisão bibliográfica foi descrever as características desses neurotransmissores, que estão envolvidos na depressão. Para a realização deste estudo, foi realizada uma busca de artigos dos últimos cinco anos nas bases de dados: PubMed, SciELO e Lilacs, possibilitando uma pesquisa bibliográfica narrativa. A norepinefrina (NE) é obtida a partir da descarboxilação de L-tirosina, possuindo como funções o estado de alerta, memória, ansiedade e humor. A 5-hidroxitriptamina (5-HT) é obtida a partir da descarboxilação de L-triptofano e tem como funções a vasoconstrição, regulação hormonal e ação contra a depressão. Desse modo, a NE e 5-HT em níveis reduzidos no sistema nervoso podem levar a distúrbios do humor, incluindo os quadros depressivos, além de outras alterações fisiológicas. Considera-se, assim, a importância de um melhor estudo sobre a fisiopatologia da depressão, para que seja possível o aprimoramento do conhecimento dessa, para se buscar tratamentos que sejam mais efetivos.

Palavras-chave: Transtorno Depressivo. Norepinefrina. Serotonina

Abstract
Present in about 300 million people, depression is a mood disorder (HT) that increasingly affects the population, causing several deaths, resulting from suicide. There are some hypotheses for HTorigin, such as those involving the biological amines, i.e. neurotransmitters norepinephrine and 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). Thus, the aim of this literature review was to describe the characteristics of these neurotransmitters that are involved in depression. For this study, a search of articles from the last five years was performed in PubMed, SciELO and Lilacs databases, enabling a narrative bibliographic search. Norepinephrine (NE) is obtained by decarboxylation of L-tyrosine, having as functions alertness, memory, anxiety and mood. 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is obtained from decarboxylation of L-tryptophan and its functions are vasoconstriction, hormonal regulation and action against depression. Thus, reduced levels of NE and 5-HT in the nervous system can lead to mood disorders, including depressive conditions, and other physiological changes. Thus, the importance of a better study on the depression pathophysiology is considered, so that it is possible to improve its knowledge, to seek more effective treatments.

Keywords: Depressive Disorder. Norepinephrine. Serotonin.