bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Innerklinische Notfallversorgung in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Eine Standortbefragung der Kliniken des Deutschen Reanimationsregisters
Authors: Jansen G. , Kappelhoff N. , Borgstedt R. , Rehberg S. , Seewald S. , Scholz S. S. 
Published: December 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Im Gegensatz zur Präklinik fehlen für die innerklinische Notfallversorgung Vorgaben zu Organisation und Ausrüstung von innerklinischen Notfallteams (MET).

Ziel der Arbeit
Evaluation der Organisation, Qualifikation, Ausrüstung sowie Zusatzaufgaben von MET in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland.

Material und Methoden
Auswertung einer webbasierten Umfrage von Februar bis März 2020 aller am Deutschen Reanimationsregister teilnehmenden Krankenhäuser. Gefragt wurde nach Teamzusammensetzung, Ausrüstung, Qualifikation sowie Zusatzaufgaben im klinischen Alltag. Verglichen wurden Krankenhäuser mit ≤600 vs. >600 Betten.

Ergebnisse
Insgesamt nahmen 21 (>600: 10 [48 %]; ≤600: 11 [52 %]) Krankenhäuser an der Umfrage teil. Vorgaben zur Teamzusammensetzung gab es bei 76 % (n = 16; ≤600: 8 [72 %] vs. >600: 8 [80 %]). Ausbildungsvoraussetzungen für das MET bestanden an 38 % (n = 16; ≤600: 4 [36 %] vs. >600: 4 [40 %]) der Kliniken. Ein 12-Kanal-Elektrokardiogramm (12-Kanal-EKG) (7 [33 %]; ≤600: 1 [9 %] vs. >600: 6 [60 %]; p = 0,02), Videolaryngoskop (7 [33 %]; ≤600: 2 [18 %] vs. >600: 5 [50 %]) und Beatmungsgerät ohne (7 [33 %]; ≤600: 2 [18 %] vs. >600: 5 [50 %]) bzw. mit Möglichkeit zur nichtinvasiven Beatmung (NIV) gehörte in n = 4 [19 %] (≤600: 1 [9 %] vs. >600: 3 [30 %]) zur Standardausrüstung. Zusätzliche Aufgaben im Klinikalltag hatten 85 % (n = 18; ≤600: 10 (100 %) vs. >600 8 (72 %); ≤600: Notaufnahm/Normalstation jeweils 5 (45 %) vs. >600: Intensivstation 10 (100 %), p = 0,03).

Diskussion
Die Ausbildung und Ausrüstung von MET ist heterogen. Sie sollte mindestens den in der präklinischen Notfallmedizin gängigen Standards entsprechen und die Vorhaltung eines portablen 12-Kanal-EKG, NIV-fähigen Beatmungsgerätes und Videolaryngoskops umfassen. Unabhängig von der Krankenausgröße sollte eine kontinuierliche Abkömmlichkeit der MET gewährleistet sein.
Temperate Coastal Microbial Communities Rapidly Respond to Low Concentrations of Partially Weathered Diesel
Authors: Ryther Camilla M. , Ortmann Alice C. , Wohlgeschaffen Gary , Robinson Brian J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDiesel is frequently encountered in coastal ecosystems due to land run-off from road surfaces. The current study investigates how partially weathered diesel at environmentally relevant concentrations, as may be seen during a run-off event, affect coastal microbial communities. A mesocosm experiment using seawater from the Bedford Basin, Nova Scotia, was followed for 72 h after the addition of partially weathered diesel. Sequencing data suggests partially weathered diesel acts quickly to alter the prokaryotic community, as both opportunistic (Vibrio and Lentibacter) and oil-degrading (Colwellia, Sulfitobacter, and Pseudoalteromonas) bacteria proliferated after 24 h in comparison to the control. In addition, total prokaryotes seemed to recover in abundance after 24 h, where eukaryotes only ceased to decrease slightly at 72 h, likely because of an inability to adapt to the oil-laden conditions, unlike the prokaryotes. Considering there were no highly volatile components (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene) present in the diesel when the communities were exposed, the results indicate that even a relatively small concentration of diesel run-off can cause a drastic change to the microbial community under low energy conditions. Higher energy conditions due to wave action may mitigate the response of the microbial communities by dilution and additional weathering of the diesel.
Vortex Filament Equation for a Regular Polygon in the Hyperbolic Plane
Authors: de la Hoz Francisco , Kumar Sandeep , Vega Luis 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe aim of this paper is twofold. First, we show the evolution of the vortex filament equation (VFE) for a regular planar polygon in the hyperbolic space. Unlike in the Euclidean space, the planar polygon is open and both of its ends grow up exponentially, which makes the problem more challenging from a numerical point of view. However, using a finite difference scheme in space combined with a fourth-order Runge–Kutta method in time and fixed boundary conditions, we show that the numerical solution is in complete agreement with the one obtained by means of algebraic techniques. Second, as in the Euclidean case, we claim that, at infinitesimal times, the evolution of VFE for a planar polygon as the initial datum can be described as a superposition of several one-corner initial data. As a consequence, not only can we compute the speed of the center of mass of the planar polygon, but the relationship also allows us to compare the time evolution of any of its corners with the evolution in the Euclidean case.
The flow topology transition of liquid–liquid Taylor flows in square microchannels
Authors: Helmers Thorben , Kemper Philip , Thöming Jorg , Mießner Ulrich 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis work investigates the change of the flow topology of Taylor flow and qualitatively relates it to the excess velocity. Ensemble-averaged 3D2C-$$\upmu$$
μ
PIV measurements simultaneously resolve the flow field inside and outside the droplets of a liquid–liquid Taylor flow that moves through a rectangular horizontal microchannel. While maintaining a constant Capillary number Ca = 0.005, the Reynolds number ($$0.52 \le {\text{Re}} \le 2.14$$

0.52
≤
Re
≤
2.14

), the viscosity ratio ($$0.24 \le \lambda \le 2.67$$

0.24
≤
λ
≤
2.67

) and surfactant concentrations of sodium dodecyl sulfate (0–3 CMC) are varied. We experimentally identified the product of the Reynolds number Re and the viscosity ratio $$\lambda$$
λ
to indicate the momentum transport from the continuous phase (slugs) into the droplets (plugs). The position and size of the droplet’s main vortex core as well as the flow topology in the cross section of this vortex core changed with increased momentum transfer. Further, we found that the relative velocity of the Taylor droplet correlates negatively with the evoked topology change. A correlation is proposed to describe the effect quantitatively.
Graphical abstract
FAAH polymorphism (rs324420) modulates extinction recall in healthy humans: an fMRI study
Authors: Spohrs Jennifer , Ulrich Martin , Grön Georg , Plener Paul L. , Abler Birgit 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGold standard treatments for anxiety- and trauma-related disorders focus on exposure therapy promoting extinction learning and extinction retention. However, its efficacy is limited. Preclinical and particularly animal research has been able to demonstrate that homozygosity for the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) C385A allele, similar to FAAH inhibition, is associated with elevated concentrations of anandamide (AEA) and facilitates extinction learning and extinction recall. However, in humans, the underlying neurobiological processes are less well understood, and further knowledge might enhance the development of more effective therapies. In this functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, a fear conditioning, fear extinction and extinction recall paradigm was conducted with 55 healthy male adults. They were genotyped for the FAAH single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs324420 to investigate differences related to extinction recall in neural activation and State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) ratings between AC heterozygotes and CC homozygotes (FAAH C385A SNP). Differential brain activation upon an unextinguished relative to an extinguished stimulus, was greater in AC heterozygotes as compared to CC homozygotes in core neural structures previously related to extinction recall, such as the medial superior frontal gyrus, the dorsal anterior cingulate and the anterior and middle insular cortex. Furthermore, AC heterozygotes displayed higher AEA levels and lower STAI-state ratings. Our data can be interpreted in line with previous suggestions of more successful extinction recall in A-allele carriers with elevated AEA levels. Data corroborate the hypothesis that the endocannabinoid system, particularly AEA, plays a modulatory role in the extinction of aversive memory.
Hydrogen-Bonded Complexes of Neutral Nitroxide Radicals with 2-Propanol Studied by Multifrequency EPR/ENDOR
Authors: Savitsky Anton , Nalepa Anna , Petrenko Taras , Plato Martin , Möbius Klaus , Lubitz Wolfgang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe hydrogen bond plays a key role in weak directional intermolecular interactions. It is operative in determining molecular conformation and aggregation, and controls the function of many chemical systems, ranging from inorganic, organic to biological molecules. Although an enormous amount of spectroscopic information has been collected about hydrogen-bond formation between molecules with closed-shell electronic configuration, the details of such interactions between open-shell radicals and closed-shell molecules are still rare. Here we report on an investigation of hydrogen-bonded complexes between pyrroline-type as well as piperidine-type neutral nitroxide radicals and an alcohol, i.e., 2-propanol. These nitroxide radicals are commonly used as EPR spin labels and probes. To obtain information on the geometry of the complexes and their electronic structure, multi-resonance EPR techniques at various microwave frequencies (X-, Q-, W-band, 244 GHz) have been employed in conjunction with DFT calculations. The planar five-membered ring system of the pyrroline-type nitroxide radical was found to form exclusively well-defined in-plane σ-type hydrogen-bonded complexes with one 2-propanol molecule in the first solvation shell in frozen solution. The measured hyperfine parameters of the hydrogen-bridge proton and the internal magnetic parameters describing the electron Zeeman and the electron-nuclear hyperfine and nuclear quadrupole interactions are in good agreement with values predicted by state-of-the-art DFT calculations. In contrast, multi-resonance EPR on the non-planar six-membered ring system of the piperidine-type nitroxide radical (TEMPOL) reveals a more complex situation, i.e., a mixture of a σ-type with, presumably, an out-of-plane π-type complex, both present in comparable fraction in frozen solution. For TEMPOL, the DFT calculations failed to predict magnetic interaction parameters that are in good agreement with experiment, apparently due to the considerable flexibility of the nitroxide and hydrogen-bonded complex. The detailed information about nitroxide/solvent complexes is of particular importance for Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (DNP) and site-directed spin-labeling EPR studies that employ nitroxides as polarizing agents or spin labels, respectively.
Nodal Multi-peak Standing Waves of Fourth-Order Schrödinger Equations with Mixed Dispersion
Authors: He Yi , Luo Xiao , Rădulescu Vicenţiu D. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe consider the existence and concentration properties of standing waves for a fourth-order Schrödinger equation with mixed dispersion, which was introduced to regularize and stabilize solutions to the classical time-dependent Schrödinger equation. This leads to study multi-peak solutions to the following singularly perturbed fourth-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation $$\begin{aligned} {\varepsilon ^{\text {4}}}{\Delta ^{\text {2}}}u - \beta {\varepsilon ^2}\Delta u + V(x)u = |u{|^{p - 2}}u{\text { in }}{\mathbb {R}^N},{\text { }}u \in {H^2}({\mathbb {R}^N}). \end{aligned}$$

ε
4

Δ
2

u
-
β

ε
2

Δ
u
+
V

(
x
)

u
=
|
u

|

p
-
2

u

in

R

N

,

u
∈

H
2

(

R

N

)

.

We first establish a local $${W^{4,p}}$$

W

4
,
p

-estimate for a class of fourth-order semilinear elliptic equations, which is a key to get the uniform and global $${L^\infty }$$

L
∞

-estimate of solutions to the considered singularly perturbed equation above. Next, under certain assumptions on $$\beta $$
β
and the potential V(x), we construct a family of sign-changing multi-peak solutions with a unique maximum (or minimum) point on each component. We prove that these solutions concentrate around any prescribed finite set of local minima (possibly degenerate) of the potential V(x). Compared with the classical singularly perturbed Schrödinger equation, the presence of a fourth-order term in the problem above forces the development of new techniques to obtain qualitative properties of multi-peak solutions.
Targeting GATA1 and p2x7r Locus Binding in Spinal Astrocytes Suppresses Chronic Visceral Pain by Promoting DNA Demethylation
Authors: Wu Yan-Yan , Zhang Hai-Long , Lu Xiaomin , Du Han , Li Yong-Chang , Zhang Ping-An , Xu Guang-Yin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIrritable bowel syndrome is a gastrointestinal disorder of unknown etiology characterized by widespread, chronic abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements. Increasing amounts of evidence indicate that injury and inflammation during the neonatal period have long-term effects on tissue structure and function in the adult that may predispose to gastrointestinal diseases. In this study we aimed to investigate how the epigenetic regulation of DNA demethylation of the p2x7r locus guided by the transcription factor GATA binding protein 1 (GATA1) in spinal astrocytes affects chronic visceral pain in adult rats with neonatal colonic inflammation (NCI). The spinal GATA1 targeting to DNA demethylation of p2x7r locus in these rats was assessed by assessing GATA1 function with luciferase assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation, patch clamp, and interference in vitro and in vivo. In addition, a decoy oligodeoxynucleotide was designed and applied to determine the influence of GATA1 on the DNA methylation of a p2x7r CpG island. We showed that NCI caused the induction of GATA1, Ten-eleven translocation 3 (TET3), and purinergic receptors (P2X7Rs) in astrocytes of the spinal dorsal horn, and demonstrated that inhibiting these molecules markedly increased the pain threshold, inhibited the activation of astrocytes, and decreased the spinal sEPSC frequency. NCI also markedly demethylated the p2x7r locus in a manner dependent on the enhancement of both a GATA1–TET3 physical interaction and GATA1 binding at the p2x7r promoter. Importantly, we showed that demethylation of the p2x7r locus (and the attendant increase in P2X7R expression) was reversed upon knockdown of GATA1 or TET3 expression, and demonstrated that a decoy oligodeoxynucleotide that selectively blocked the GATA1 binding site increased the methylation of a CpG island in the p2x7r promoter. These results demonstrate that chronic visceral pain is mediated synergistically by GATA1 and TET3 via a DNA-demethylation mechanism that controls p2x7r transcription in spinal dorsal horn astrocytes, and provide a potential therapeutic strategy by targeting GATA1 and p2x7r locus binding.
Ground state solutions of the non-autonomous Schrödinger–Bopp–Podolsky system
Authors: Chen Sitong , Li Lin , Rădulescu Vicenţiu D. , Tang Xianhua 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we consider the following non-autonomous Schrödinger–Bopp–Podolsky system $$\begin{aligned} {\left\{ \begin{array}{ll} -\Delta u + V(x) u + q^2\phi u = f(u)\\ -\Delta \phi + a^2 \Delta ^2 \phi = 4\pi u^2 \end{array}\right. } \hbox { in }{\mathbb {R}}^3. \end{aligned}$$

-
Δ
u
+
V

(
x
)

u
+

q
2

ϕ
u
=
f

(
u
)

-
Δ
ϕ
+

a
2

Δ
2

ϕ
=
4
π

u
2

in

R

3

.

By using some original analytic techniques and new estimates of the ground state energy, we prove that this system admits a ground state solution under mild assumptions on V and f. In the final part of this paper, we give a min-max characterization of the ground state energy.
Approximation of SDE solutions using local asymptotic expansions
Authors: Davie A. M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe develop an asymptotic expansion for small time of the density of the solution of a non-degenerate system of stochastic differential equations with smooth coefficients, and apply this to the stepwise approximation of solutions. The asymptotic expansion, which takes the form of a multivariate Edgeworth-type expansion, is obtained from the Kolmogorov forward equation using some standard PDE results. To generate one step of the approximation to the solution, we use a Cornish–Fisher type expansion derived from the Edgeworth expansion. To interpret the approximation generated in this way as a strong approximation we use couplings between the (normal) random variables used and the Brownian path driving the SDE. These couplings are constructed using techniques from optimal transport and Vaserstein metrics. The type of approximation so obtained may be regarded as intermediate between a conventional strong approximation and a weak approximation. In principle approximations of any order can be obtained, though for higher orders the algebra becomes very heavy. In order 1/2 the method gives the usual Euler approximation; in order 1 it gives a variant of the Milstein method, but which needs only normal variables to be generated. However the method is somewhat limited by the non-degeneracy requirement.
Biogeography of Neotropical Meliaceae: geological connections, fossil and molecular evidence revisited
Authors: Muellner-Riehl Alexandra N. , Rojas-Andrés Blanca M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe here provide, first, a general introduction into the woody angiosperm family Meliaceae, including updated numbers of the genera and species found in different parts of the globe, paying attention to geographic centres of diversity and patterns of endemism. Second, and more specifically, we review the latest literature concerning land connections (i) between Eurasia and North America, (ii) between North America and South America, as well as (iii) dispersal paths between Africa and South America that have existed since the proposed evolutionary origin of modern Meliaceae, i.e. from the Upper Cretaceous onwards (ca. 100 Million years ago). Comparing geological evidence with the fossil record as well as biogeographic studies, there is indication that the nowadays pantropically distributed family has made use of all these three routes. Five out of the eight modern Neotropical genera have a fossil record, namelyCarapaAubl.,CedrelaP. Browne,GuareaF. Allam.,SwieteniaJacq., andTrichiliaP. Browne.CarapaandTrichiliahave a modern transatlantic disjunction (distribution in Africa, Central and South America), and a fossil record in Africa and North/Central America (Trichilia), or Africa and Eurasia (Carapoxylon).Cedrelahas a rich fossil record in Eurasia and the Americas. The global decrease in temperatures and a lack ofCedrelafossils in North America from the Late Miocene onwards suggest the genus had gone extinct there by that time, leading to its modern distribution in Central and South America. Oligocene to Pliocene fossils ofGuarea,SwieteniaandTrichiliain Central American key regions support biotic interchange between North and South America at various times.
The Role of Women in Hobbes's Economic Thought
Authors: Boucher Joanne 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article examines the role of women in Hobbes's economic thought. First, I frame Hobbes's economic thought in relation to his philosophical materialism so as to underscore the extent to which Hobbes's materialism entails the insight that human beings are, by definition, productive, economic creatures. I argue that his description of the economy, even without explicit acknowledgment, necessarily positions women as crucial economic actors. I then consider the implications of this in relation to the feminist possibilities of Hobbes's gender politics. I conclude that when deliberating on this question, we face the same conundrum that is evident in all literature considering Hobbes and gender. His radical comments about women in the state of nature are undermined by his seeming indifference to the state of women in commonwealths once they are founded.
Ideal body image for the opposite sex and its association with body mass index
Authors: Ibáñez-Zamacona María Eugenia , Poveda Alaitz , Rebato Esther 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis research studied the preferences reported by women and men about their Ideal Body Image for the Opposite Sex (IBIOS), and its association with body mass index (BMI). It also analysed the preferences of each sex for a woman’s ideal body image (W-IBI) and a man’s ideal body image (M-IBI). A total of 450 participants aged 18–70 years with different weights were studied. Their IBIOS was assessed using standard figural stimuli. The sample was divided in four groups by sex and age (<45 years; ≥45 years). Sex and age differences in IBIOS, as well as sex differences in the preferences for a woman’s ideal body image (W-IBI) and a man’s ideal body image (M-IBI), were tested using a non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test. The association between IBIOS and BMI was analysed using Spearman’s correlation. In all groups, the most chosen silhouette as IBIOS was number 4. In the under-45 years group, women chose bigger silhouettes for the opposite sex than men did (p<0.05). In this age group women chose as ideal smaller silhouettes for the female body than men did (p<0.01). In addition, women and men in the younger age group and with normal weight chose smaller silhouettes, while those who were overweight or obese selected larger silhouettes (p<0.001). Age was found to be a relevant factor in IBIOS preferences, and in the association between IBIOS and nutritional status as measured by BMI, which was only observed to be significant in the younger age group.
Laryngological presentations and patient-reported outcome measures in Ehlers–Danlos syndrome
Authors: Lam C M , Wood G , Birchall M A 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to characterise the laryngological presentations of Ehlers–Danlos syndrome and conduct a preliminary exploration of patient-reported outcome measures.MethodsThis paper describes a retrospective case series of patients with Ehlers–Danlos syndrome seen by the senior author between 2005 and 2019. A literature review was conducted to summarise the existing findings.ResultsTwenty-one patients met the inclusion criteria. All reported symptoms were grouped; this showed that swallowing, voice and hyolaryngeal skeletal complex problems were commonest. Patient-reported outcome measures were available for eight patients, which showed large variations in: the Reflux Severity Index (median = 25.5; range = 0–33), Eating Assessment Tool score (median = 21.5; range = 0–35) and Voice Handicap Index (median = 21.5; range = 0–104). Twelve studies met our literature review inclusion criteria, involving at least 91 patients with laryngological presentations of Ehlers–Danlos syndrome.ConclusionEhlers–Danlos syndrome patients experience musculoskeletal issues, which in the throat manifest as hyolaryngeal skeletal complex problems. Future studies with larger patient numbers are required to validate laryngological patient-reported outcome measure tools in Ehlers–Danlos syndrome.
Making Sense of Shame
Authors: Laing James 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this paper, I argue that we face a challenge in understanding the relationship between the ‘value-oriented’ and ‘other-oriented’ dimensions of shame. On the one hand, an emphasis on shame's value-oriented dimension leads naturally to ‘The Self-Evaluation View’, an account which faces a challenge in explaining shame's other-oriented dimension. This is liable to push us towards ‘The Social Evaluation View’. However The Social Evaluation View faces the opposite challenge of convincingly accommodating shame's ‘value-oriented’ dimension. After rejecting one attempt to chart a middle course between these extremes, I argue that progress can be made if we reject the widespread assumption that the other-oriented dimension of shame is best understood primarily terms of our concern with the way we appear to others. Instead, I outline an account which treats shame as manifesting our desire primarily for interpersonal connection and which elucidates the property of shamefulness in terms of merited avoidance (or rejection).