bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shifts from complementarity to selection effects maintain high productivity in maize/legume intercropping systems
Authors: Zhang Wei‐Ping , Gao Sai‐Nan , Li Zhao‐Xin , Xu Hua‐Sen , Yang Hao , Yang Xin , Fan Hong‐Xia , Su Ye , Fornara Dario , Li Long 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Complementarity (CE) and selection effects (SE) have been either invoked to explain the positive diversity–productivity relationship in natural and semi‐natural ecosystems. Few studies have, however, separated selection and complementarity effects in economically valuable intercropping systems, which receive significant nutrient inputs throughout the growing season.

We performed a 2‐year field experiment with five cropping systems (i.e. maize/peanut intercropping, maize/soybean intercropping, maize, peanut and soybean monocultures) under different combinations of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilization. Sequential harvest of subplots was performed five times during the growing season and the additive partitioning method was applied to determine complementarity and selection effects in the two intercropping systems.

We found that the land equivalent ratio (LER) based on yield was greater than or close to 1 in both maize/soybean and maize/peanut intercropping systems, suggesting yield advantages in these intercropping systems compared to monocultures. The LER of the two intercropping systems without N fertilization was greater in 2018 than in 2017. Nitrogen fertilization reduced the LER of maize/soybean intercropping in 2018, and that of maize/peanut intercropping across 2 years. Nitrogen fertilization had much stronger effects on maize yield than on soybean or peanut yield. Intercropping increased maize yield but decreased soybean and peanut yield.

The CE was more important for net biodiversity effects without N fertilization while the SE was more important with N fertilization in the two intercropping systems across 2 years. Phosphorus fertilization impacts on the LER and biodiversity effects were weaker compared to N fertilization. Finally, net biodiversity effects were greater at later growth stages within a growing season.

Synthesis and applications. Our study demonstrates how yield advantages of species‐diverse intercropping systems can be maximized either through (a) CE in the absence of N fertilization thanks to complementarity in nutrient use between crops or (b) SE under N fertilization thanks to overyielding of highly productive species (i.e. maize). Yield advantages promoted by CE are more sustainable because they are associated with reduced chemical fertilizer use and greater monetary benefits to farmers. These findings have important implications for the design and management of species‐diverse intercropping food‐production systems.
The relationship between delivery and the PaO2/FiO2 ratio in COVID‐19: a cohort study
Authors: Pineles BL , Stephens A , Narendran LM , Tigner MA , Leidlein C , Pedroza C , Mendez‐Figueroa H , Sibai BM 
Published: August 2021

ObjectiveTo study the effect of delivery on the pO2/FiO2 ratio (P/F ratio) in patients with COVID‐19‐related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and to compare characteristics between delivered and undelivered pregnant patients with COVID‐19.DesignRetrospective cohort.SettingFour hospitals in Houston, Texas.PopulationPregnant patients admitted to the hospital for COVID‐19.MethodsAmong patients with ARDS who were delivered during their hospitalisation for COVID‐19, linear mixed models were used to investigate time trends before and after delivery of the P/F ratio. Patient characteristics were compared between patients delivered during their hospitalisation for COVID‐19 and those discharged undelivered.Main outcome measuresThe P/F ratio, age, gestational age, length of stay and severity of illness,ResultsBetween 4 May 2020 and 26 July 2020, a total of 61 pregnant patients were admitted for COVID‐19. Baseline characteristics were similar between the study groups. Delivery occurred in 21 (34%) of patients during their hospitalisation for COVID‐19. Delivered patients had more severe disease and were admitted at a later gestational age than patients not delivered. Ten of these 21 patients (48%) were delivered preterm; of these, six were delivered due to complications of COVID‐19 and four were delivered for obstetric indications. In patients with ARDS who were delivered (n = 17), the P/F ratio had a negative slope that improved after delivery.ConclusionsCOVID‐19‐related ARDS in pregnancy requires multidisciplinary care and individualised decision‐making, but delivery slows the deterioration of the P/F ratio in these patients.Tweetable abstractDelivery improves the P/F ratio in COVID‐19‐related ARDS, though individualised delivery management is needed.
Rheumatoid arthritis management in the APLAR region: Perspectives from an expert panel of rheumatologists, patients and community oriented program for control of rheumatic diseases
Authors: Chopra Arvind , Lin Hsiao‐Yi , Navarra Sandra V. , Saeed Muhammad Ahmed , Sockalingam Sargunan , Thongpooswan Supat , Jois Ramesh , Salim Babur , Gavin Lee Ka Wing , Lau Tang Ching , Wee James 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a major health burden in Asia Pacific affecting the quality of life of patients and consuming healthcare resources. According to recent estimates from the World Health Organization‐International League Against Rheumatism‐Community Oriented Program for Control of Rheumatic Diseases, prevalence is around 0.3%‐0.5%. Management guidelines have helped to improve treatment across this diverse region. To gain better insight into current real‐world management applications in view of these guidelines, virtual meetings were conducted in mid‐2020 to explore perspectives of rheumatologists and patients, as well as discuss the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 on RA management. Patients and rheumatologists from Hong Kong, Malaysia, Singapore, the Philippines, Thailand, India, Pakistan, and Taiwan were included, representing a diverse mix of healthcare systems, wealth, ethnicity and culture. Despite many countries having prospered in recent years, similar challenges in RA diagnosis and treatment were identified. The daily impact and patient experience of RA were also similar across countries, marked by “silent” pain and disability, and universal misunderstanding of the disease. Late diagnosis and treatment, and barriers to access to appropriate treatment, remain problematic. The experience shared by Taiwan offers a glimmer of hope, however, wherein patient advocacy groups have succeeded in being included in policy‐making decisions and securing access to advanced treatment. Real‐world solutions that pay heed to the unique local needs and diversity of Asia Pacific are required to improve RA management, which will take time. In the interim, help can be sought from the trained, non‐rheumatologist community to reduce some of the disease burden.
The worm affair: fidelity and environmental adaptation in symbiont species that co‐occur in vestimentiferan tubeworms
Authors: Zvi‐Kedem Tal , Shemesh Eli , Tchernov Dan , Rubin‐Blum Maxim 
Published: August 2021

SummaryThe symbioses between the vestimentiferan tubeworms and their chemosynthetic partners (Gammaproteobacteria, Chromatiales and Sedimenticolaceae) hallmark the success of these organisms in hydrothermal vent and hydrocarbon seep deep‐sea habitats. The fidelity of these associations varies, as both the hosts and the symbionts can be loose in partner choice. Some tubeworms may host distinct symbiont phylotypes, which often co‐occur in a single host individual. To better understand the genetic basis for the promiscuity of tubeworm symbioses, we assembled and investigated metagenome‐assembled genomes of two symbiont phylotypes (species, based on the average nucleotide identity < 95%) in Lamellibrachia anaximandri, a vestimentiferan endemic to the Mediterranean Sea, in individuals collected from Palinuro hydrothermal vents (Italy) and hydrocarbon seeps (Eratosthenes seamount and Palmahim disturbance). Using comparative genomics, we show that mainly mobilome and genes involved in defence mechanisms distinguish the symbiont genotypes. While many central metabolic functions are conserved in the tubeworm symbionts, nitrate respiration (Nar, Nap and Nas proteins) is modular, yet this modularity is not linked to phylotype, but rather to geographic location, potentially implying adaptation to the local environment. Our results hint that variation in a single moonlighting protein may be responsible for the fidelity of these symbioses.
Suicidality and self‐injury with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in youth: Occurrence, predictors and timing
Authors: Sørensen Johanne Østerby , Rasmussen Annette , Roesbjerg Troels , Verhulst Frank C. , Pagsberg Anne Katrine 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveMeta‐analyses have established a heightened risk of suicidality for youth treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). The present study investigates the risk and possible predictors of suicidality and non‐suicidal self‐injury (NSSI) associated with SSRI treatment in a clinical sample of children and adolescents.MethodsAn observational, longitudinal, retrospective study using a within‐subject study design including in‐ and outpatients aged 0–17 years treated with SSRIs. Data were obtained from digital medical records and prescription software.ResultsN = 365 patients were included (64.1% female), mean (SD) age 14.5 (2.04) years, with primary depression, anxiety or obsessive‐compulsive disorder. No suicides occurred. When comparing the 6‐week period immediately prior to versus following SSRI initiation, the patient proportion with broadly defined suicidality decreased (38.5% vs. 24.2%, p < 0.001) while the proportion with suicide attempts was stable (2.8% vs. 2.8%, p = 1.000). The proportion with NSSI decreased statistically non‐significantly (12.4% vs. 8.4%, p = 0.067). Results from individually standardized observation periods were similar; however, the proportion with suicide attempts decreased statistically non‐significantly and the proportion with NSSI decreased significantly. Suicidality during SSRI treatment was associated with previous suicidality (OR[CI] = 6.0 [2.4–14.8], p < 0.001), depression as indication for SSRI treatment (OR[CI] = 2.1 [1.2–3.7], p = 0.01), female sex (OR[CI] = 2.1 [1.1–4.1], p = 0.02) and previous NSSI (OR[CI] = 2.0 [1.2–3.5], p = 0.01).ConclusionSuicidality was common in youth treated with SSRIs. The patient proportion with overall suicidality decreased, and the proportion with attempted suicide was stable in the weeks following SSRI initiation. Previous suicidality, depression, female sex and previous NSSI are important predictors for suicidality during SSRI treatment in youth.
A systematic review of the effect of ovarian sex hormones on stimulant use in females
Authors: Arunogiri Shalini , Crossin Rose , Rizzo Davinia , Walker Leigh , Ridley Kelly , Gurvich Caroline 
Published: August 2021

AbstractStimulant use disorder is associated with significant global health burden. Despite evidence for sex differences in the development and maintenance of stimulant use disorder, few studies have focused on mechanisms underpinning distinct trajectories in females versus males, including the effect of the ovarian sex hormones estrogen and progesterone. This review aimed to identify and synthesise the existing preclinical and clinical literature on the effect of ovarian sex hormones on stimulant consumption in females. A systematic search of peer‐reviewed literature identified 1593 articles, screened using the following inclusion criteria: (1) adult female humans or animals, (2) using stimulant drugs, (3) ovarian sex hormones were administered exogenously OR were measured in a validated manner and (4) with stimulant consumption as an outcome measure. A total of 50 studies (3 clinical and 47 preclinical) met inclusion criteria. High‐estrogen (low progesterone) phases of the menstrual/estrus cycle were associated with increased stimulant use in preclinical studies, while there were no clinical studies examining estrogen and stimulant consumption. Consistent preclinical evidence supported progesterone use reducing stimulant consumption, which was also identified in one clinical study. The review was limited by inconsistent data reporting across studies and different protocols across preclinical laboratory paradigms. Importantly, almost all studies examined cocaine use, with impact on methamphetamine use a significant gap in the existing evidence. Given the safety and tolerability profile of progesterone, further research is urgently needed to address this gap, to explore the potential therapeutic utility of progesterone as a treatment for stimulant use disorder.
Smoking cessation interventions for pregnant women attending treatment for substance use disorders: A systematic review
Authors: Jackson Melissa A. , Baker Amanda L. , Gould Gillian S. , Brown Amanda L. , Dunlop Adrian J. , McCarter Kristen 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground and aimsUp to 95% of pregnant women seeking treatment for alcohol and other drug (AOD) use smoke tobacco. Previous reviews indicate few effective smoking cessation treatments for this group. This updated review aimed to identify and measure the efficacy of smoking cessation interventions trialled among pregnant women in AOD treatment settings who smoke tobacco.MethodsA narrative synthesis was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses statement. Studies involving psychological, behavioural or pharmacological interventions used to treat tobacco use, including electronic nicotine delivery systems, for pregnant women of any age, who smoked tobacco and were seeking/receiving treatment, or in post‐treatment recovery for AOD concerns, were reviewed. MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, EMBASE and ProQuest databases, grey literature and reference lists were searched, and field experts were contacted for unpublished study data. The Effective Public Health Practice Project tool assessed study quality. The review was pre‐registered with PROSPERO no. CRD42018108777.ResultsSeven interventions (two randomised controlled trials, two single‐arm pilot studies, two program evaluations and one causal comparative study) treating 875 women were identified. All were United States (US)‐based and targeted women with drug dependence, but not alcohol dependence. Three interventions used contingency management, five provided behavioural counselling, and one offered nicotine replacement therapy. All reported reductions in cigarette consumption; one contingency management‐based study demonstrated higher abstinence rates compared with controls at treatment‐end that were not maintained at follow‐up. Four of six studies were rated as methodologically weak and one unpublished study was not rated.ConclusionsConclusions about the efficacy of smoking interventions for pregnant women with alcohol and other drug concerns who also smoke tobacco are hindered by the paucity of available data and poor methodological quality of included studies.
A prognostic score predicting survival following emergency surgery in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Tan Winson Jianhong , Lin Wenjie , Sultana Rehena , Foo Fung Joon , Tang Choong Leong , Chew Min Hoe 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundSurvival of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) varies. We aim to develop a prognostic score for mCRC after emergency surgery to guide treatment decisions.MethodsNewly diagnosed mCRC patients who presented with primary tumor‐related complications and underwent emergency surgery between January 1999 and December 2013 were included. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to identify covariates significantly associated with the time to death following surgery. A survival score was derived using the Cox regression equation.ResultsThe study cohort comprised 248 patients. Median patient age was 66 ± 13 years. Primary tumor was located in the left colon and rectum in 211 patients (85.1%) while 37 patients (14.9%) had primaries in the right colon. Liver, lung, and peritoneal metastases occurred in 161 patients (64.9%), 59 patients (23.8%), and 96 patients (38.7%), respectively. Majority of patients presented with either obstruction (174 patients, 70.1%) or perforation (52 patients, 21%). On multivariate analysis, age of 60 years or older (p = 0.007), carcinoembryonic antigen levels greater than 45 ng/ml (p = 0.022), presence of liver metastases (p = 0.024), and peritoneal carcinomatosis (p < 0.001) were found to be significantly associated with overall survival. A simplified score was derived with good survivors (score 0–2), moderate survivors (score 3–4), and poor survivors (score 5 and above) experiencing median survival of 7, 14, and 23 months, respectively (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe management of mCRC presenting with an emergency is challenging. A prognostic score that estimates survival after emergency surgery may aid clinical decision‐making.
Lateral lymph node recurrence of rectal cancer with a pathological complete response to chemotherapy confirmed by laparoscopic lateral lymph node dissection: A case report
Authors: Wakizaka Kazuki , Homma Shigenori , Ichikawa Nobuki , Yoshida Tadashi , Matsui Hiroki , Khor Lee Wee , Annen Kazuya , Fukushima Tsuyoshi , Taketomi Akinobu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLateral lymph node (LLN) metastasis is one of the forms of local recurrence after surgery for lower rectal cancer. We here present a case of LLN recurrence of rectal cancer that was shown by laparoscopic lateral lymph node dissection (LLND) to have a complete pathological response to chemotherapy. A 58‐year‐old man underwent open low anterior resection for lower rectal cancer. After detection of right LLN recurrence 43 months after the operation, 11 cycles of capecitabine, oxaliplatin, and bevacizumab chemotherapy were administered. Laparoscopic right LLND was performed 55 months after the first operation. Pathological examination revealed no viable tumor cells in the dissected lymph nodes. The patient remains alive without recurrence 61 months after the first surgery and 6 months after laparoscopic LLND. Laparoscopic LLND for LLN recurrence of rectal cancer is feasible and should be considered a valid treatment option.
A randomized, double blind, single dose, comparative study of the pharmacokinetics, safety and immunogenicity of MB02 (bevacizumab biosimilar) and reference bevacizumab in healthy male volunteers
Authors: Sinn Angela , García‐Alvarado Fernanda , Gonzalez Veronica , Huerga Camino , Bullo Felicitas 
Published: August 2021

AimsThe pharmacokinetic (PK) similarity between MB02, a proposed bevacizumab biosimilar, and reference bevacizumab approved from the USA (US‐bevacizumab) and European Union (EU‐bevacizumab) was evaluated. Safety and immunogenicity were also assessed.MethodsIn this phase 1, randomized, double blind, single dose, parallel group study, 114 healthy male volunteers were randomized 1:1:1 to receive a 3 mg/kg intravenous dose of MB02, US‐bevacizumab or EU‐bevacizumab, and evaluated for 100 days. PK similarity between MB02 and reference bevacizumab was determined using the standard bioequivalence criteria (0.80–1.25) for the area under the serum concentration–time curve from time 0 extrapolated to infinity (AUC(0‐∞)) and the maximum observed serum concentration (Cmax).ResultsBaseline demographics were similar across treatment groups. All study drugs exhibited similar PK profile. The 90% confidence interval for the geometric lead square means ratios for the primary parameters AUC(0‐∞) and Cmax for MB02, US‐bevacizumab and EU‐bevacizumab were fully contained within the pre‐defined bioequivalence limits for the 3 pairwise comparisons: AUC(0‐∞) (MB02:US‐bevacizumab 0.998 [0.944 to 1.05]; MB02:EU‐bevacizumab 1.07 [1.00 to 1.14]; and US‐bevacizumab:EU‐bevacizumab 0.934 [0.884 to 0.988]) and Cmax (MB02:US‐bevacizumab 0.983 [0.897 to 1.08]; MB02:EU‐bevacizumab 1.06 [0.976 to 1.16]; and; US‐bevacizumab: EU‐bevacizumab 0.926 [0.851 to 1.01]). Treatment emergent adverse events were reported in 87 subjects (76.3%), most being mild and with comparable incidence among treatment groups. Thirty‐three subjects (28.9%) reported 56 possibly related treatment emergent adverse events with comparable incidence across treatments, the most frequent being headache (10.5%) and fatigue (3.5%). Anti‐drug antibody incidence was low and similar between treatment groups.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the PK similarity and bioequivalence of MB02 to the reference bevacizumab, whether approved from USA or EU. The safety and immunogenicity profile of MB02 was shown also to be similar to the bevacizumab reference product (NCT 04238663).
How pedagogical relations in early years settings are reconfigured by interactive touchscreens
Authors: Samuelsson Robin , Price Sara , Jewitt Carey 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWhile interactive touchscreens are currently entering into educational practice, little is known about what this means for learning in early childhood and, in particular, how touchscreens shape action and communication. In this paper, we examine the interactions of 2‐year‐olds and their teachers in a multilingual preschool in Sweden. We analyse the communicative environment between the children, teachers and shared touchscreens and books in the context of reading. A mixed‐methods analysis was used, taking a concept of action that includes both verbal, non‐verbal utterances and digital touch. The analysis shows a reconfiguration to the interactional dynamic where children perform comparable amounts of actions in sessions with the touchscreen and book reading but less talk during the touchscreen sessions. However, while talking less, children display other types of communicative actions. We analyse the changing interactional dynamic that follows, its implications to learning and early childhood pedagogical practice and how interaction can be reconceptualised as cycles of communication and action in which educational scaffolding unfolds.
Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic

Touchscreens are a significant part of children's lives and educational curricula.
There is considerable uncertainty on how touchscreens can be incorporated into early childhood education.
Little is known about how educational social interaction changes with touchscreens such as iPads.
What this paper adds

A mixed methods multimodal analysis of the changing actions and dynamics of iPads as compared with bookreading.
Children's patterns of communication change towards less talk and more bodily communication, while teachers’ actions remain somewhat similar.
Touch actions change the dynamics of interaction, can alter the pedagogical situation and bring a reconceptualisation towards a cyclical and embodied view of interaction.
Implications for practice and/or policy

New patterns of action may require a recalibration of educational practices.
Teachers need to attend to new sets of touch actions that children use to communicate and act with as displays of knowledge.
The use of touch screens should be seen as complementary to established practices of language and literacy training (such as book reading) rather than replacing them.