bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Yaşil Urbanizasiya Və Postmünaqişə Ərazilərində Onun Xüsusiyyətləri
Authors: BALAYEV Rəsu 
Published: February 2025

GREEN URBANIZATION AND ITS CHARACTERİSTİCS IN POST-CONFLICT AREAS
The economic activity of people living in post-conflict areas and the state ofsupport for this activity are directly related to the compliance of the citiesbeing restored here with the requirements of green urbanization. The article outlines the attitude towards the factors that determine the environment for the development of green urbanization, and the requirements of green activities in urban planning implemented in post-conflict areas. The possibilities of implementing the principles of green urbanism during the Great Return are explored. The features of the implementation of the principles of green urbanization in the liberated territories of Azerbaijan have been identified. The directions for using the opportunities of public- private partnerships and the digital environment in supporting green urbanization in post-con lict areas are outlined. The purpose of the study is a preliminary theoretical and experimental characterization of the situation of using the advantages of green urbanism in Karabakh and Eastern Zangezur as a post-conflict space. Research methods: observation, comparative analysis, abstraction, logical generalization. The scientific novelty of the study lies in identifying the features of green settlement and green urbanization in Karabakh and Eastern Zangezur during the Great Return, as well as assessing the possibilities of green urbanism.
Post-münaqişə ərazilərində məskunlaşan insanların iqtisadi fəallığı vəhəmin fəallığın dəstəklənməsi vəziyyəti burada yenidən tikilən şəhərlərinyaşıl urbanizasiya tələblərinə uyğunluğu ilə bilavasitə əlaqədardır.Məqalədə post-münaqişə ərazilərində həyata keçirilən şəhərsalmada yaşılfəaliyyət tələblərini və yaşıl urbanizasiyanın inkişafı mühitini şərtləndirənamillərə münasibət bildirilmişdir. Böyük Qayıdış dövründə yaşıl urbanizmprinsiplərinin reallaşdırılması imkanları araşdırılmışdır. Azərbaycanınişğaldan azad olunmuş ərazilərində yaşıl urbanizasiya prinsiplərininreallaşdırılması xüsusiyyətləri aşkar edilmişdir. Post-münaqişə ərazilərindəyaşıl urbanizasiyanın dəstəklənməsində dövlət-özəl bölmə tərəfdaşlığının və rəqəmsal mühitin imkanlarından istifadə istiqamətləri göstərilmişdir.Tədqiqatın məqsədi – post-münaqişə ərazisi kimi Qarabağda və ŞərqiZəngəzurda yaşıl urbanizmin üstünlüklərindən istifadə vəziyyətinin ilkinnəzəri-təcrübi səciyyələndirilməsidir. Tədqiqatın metodları: müşahidə,müqayisəli təhlil, abstraksiya, məntiqi ümumiləşdirmədir. Tədqiqatın elmiyeniliyi – Böyük Qayıdış dövründə post-münaqişə ərazisi kimi Qarabağdavə Şərqi Zəngəzurda yaşıl məskunlaşma və yaşıl urbanizasiyaxüsusiyyətlərinin aşkar edilməsi, yaşıl urbanizm imkanlarının qiymətləndirilməsidir.
Flerspråklige praksiser i norsk-tyske familiesamtaler fra et samtaleanalytisk perspektiv
Authors: Elstrand Kristin Børde 
Published: February 2025

Denne artikkelen viser hvordan norsk-tyske ungdommer forhandler om rammene for deltakelse i familiesamtaler ved å kombinere kodeveksling med multimodale ressurser. Dataene består av selvinnspilte videoopptak av hverdagssamtaler fra to flerspråklige familier (13 opptak, ca. 4 timer), foretatt i perioden fra desember 2022 til januar 2023. Begge familiene har barn i ungdomsårene (15–20 år) som er oppvokst i Norge, mens for­eldrene flyttet til Norge fra Tyskland i voksen alder. Detaljerte tur-for-tur-analyser av familienes autentiske samtaler, basert på Auers (1995) teorier om kodeveksling, viser at ungdommene bruker kodeveksling i kombinasjon med multi­modale ressurser for å foreslå forandringer i deltakerrammeverket i familie­samtalen. Dette skjer ofte når det oppstår uenighet mellom ungdom­mene i familieinteraksjonen. Resultatene viser hvordan kodeveksling kan kontekstualisere en del­takers foretrukne språk og endringer i samtalens struktur på samme tid. Ved å vektlegge det multimodale aspektet i samtaleanalysen utvider analysen den eksister­ende sosiolingvistiske forskningen på flerspråklige ungdommers språk­lige praksiser i familiesamtaler. I tillegg viser artikkelen hvordan ung­dommene bruker norsk og tysk som atskilte språk i familiesamtalene sine, der de involverte i interaksjonen har ulike fore­trukne språk. Artikkelen gir dermed innsikt i hvordan kodeveksling er en ressurs i sam­spillet mellom flerspråklige deltakere, og viser at kodeveksl­ingsbegrepet kan være et nyttig og viktig redskap i studier av flerspråklige samtaler.
Langfristige Sicherung des öffentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunks — Die Vorschläge des Zukunftsrats und ihre Resonanz in der Politik
Authors: Huber Peter M. 
Published: February 2025

Zusammenfassung
Im Januar 2024 hat der sog. Zukunftsrat Vorschläge für eine grundlegende Reform des öffentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunks vorgelegt. Diese haben nicht nur die akademische Diskussion befruchtet, sondern in vielerlei Hinsicht auch Eingang in einen Reformstaatsvertrag gefunden, auf den sich die Länder Ende 2024 verständigt haben. Ob und wann dieser in Kraft treten wird, ist allerdings offen. Das liegt auch an der Verfassungsbeschwerde, die ARD und ZDF am 19.11.2024 gegen die unterbliebene Erhöhung des Rundfunkbeitrags erhoben haben.
Festschrift 75 Jahre FG Hamburg
Authors: Hufeld Ulrich 
Published: February 2025

Zusammenfassung
Der Verf. bespricht die Jubiläumsfestschrift zu Ehren des Finanzgerichts Hamburg. Das Buch präsentiert sich in einem seltenen Kombinationsformat. Aus Praxiswissen, Systematisierungsinteresse in der Anknüpfung an historische Verfahren und wissenschaftlicher Beobachtung erwächst ein Prachtband über 75 Jahre „Rechtsschutz und Rechtsfortbildung“. Die Zusammenschau bietet mehr als Rückschau und mehr als die Summe der Einzelbeiträge. Der Präsident des Bundesfinanzhofs kann im vorangestellten Grußwort „sicher sagen: Die ersten 75 Jahre des FG Hamburg waren eine Erfolgsgeschichte“. Die Leser der Festschrift dürfen zuversichtlich erwarten, dass sich daran nichts ändern wird.
Karl Lauterbachs ambulante Gesundheitspolitik in der 20. Legislaturperiode
Authors: Reuter Benjamin 
Published: February 2025

Zusammenfassung
Da sich die 20. Legislaturperiode - vorzeitig - zu Ende neigt, ist ein guter Zeitpunkt gekommen, die letzten 3 ½ Jahre Gesundheitspolitik Revue passieren zu lassen und die in diesem Zeitraum verabschiedeten Gesetze in Bezug auf die ambulante Versorgung in einer Gesamtschau zu analysieren. Dieser Beitrag stellt den 2. Teil der Rückschau auf die Gesundheitspolitik Karl Lauterbachs in der Ampel-Koalition dar. Das größte gesetzliche Vorhaben von Karl Lauterbach war sicherlich das Krankenhausversorgungsverbesserungsgesetz (KHVVG). In der Zukunft wird sich herausstellen, ob diese „Großreform“ in der Lage ist, die Krankenhauslandschaft nachhaltig zu konsolidieren, ein ungeregeltes Krankenhaussterben zu verhindern und die Qualität in den Krankenhäusern zu verbessern. In diesem Aufsatz werden viele der wesentlichen Aspekte dieser Reform nicht untersucht, da nur die gesetzgeberischen Maßnahmen in Bezug auf die ambulante Versorgung in den Blick genommen werden. Der Aufsatz erhebt keinen Anspruch auf Vollständigkeit.
Double CHEK2 Pathogenic and Low-Risk Variants and Associated Cancer Phenotypes
Authors: Bychkovsky Brittany L. , Agaoglu Nihat B. , Horton Carolyn , Polfus Linda , Richardson Marcy E. , Young Colin , Scheib Rochelle , Garber Judy E. , Rana Huma Q. 
Published: January 2025

ImportanceCHEK2 pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants (PVs) are common, and low-risk (LR) variants, p.I157T, p.S428F, and p.T476M, are even more common. Biallelic CHEK2 PVs are associated with specific cancer phenotypes, including early age at onset of breast cancers. Whether biallelic LR variants are associated with cancer predisposition is unknown.ObjectiveTo characterize the cancer phenotype among individuals with biallelic CHEK2 variants, specifically those that have been associated with lower cancer risk in the heterozygous state.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective observational cohort study examining cancer phenotype by CHEK2 genotype was conducted at a single diagnostic genetic testing laboratory. Of 36 821 individuals who underwent genetic testing, 3783 (10.3%) with CHEK2 PVs or LR variants were ascertained from July 1, 2012, to September 30, 2019. Analyses were conducted from September 2022 to January 2024.ExposuresCancer phenotype among individuals with 2 LR variants and those with 1 PV and 1 LR variant was compared with cancer phenotype among individuals with wild type (WT) (n = 33 034), single LR variant (n = 1566), single PV controls (n = 2167), and 2 PVs (n = 21). Cancer phenotypes were investigated for any cancer, multiple primary cancers, female breast cancer, and bilateral female breast cancers.Main Outcomes and MeasuresCancer phenotype of CHEK2 2 LRs and 1 PV and 1 LR.ResultsOf 36 821 individuals, 92.1% were female, and the median age at testing was 53 years (IQR, 44-63 years); 3787 (10.3%) were identified as having a CHEK2 PV or LR variant. There were 13 individuals with 2 LR variants and 20 with 1 PV and 1 LR variant. Among those with 2 LR variants, prevalence of any cancer (76.9%) and breast cancer (60.0%) were similar to those with WT (any cancer, 69.8%; breast cancer, 52.7%) and those with a single LR variant (any cancer, 70.9%; breast cancer, 57.5%). Among participants with 1 PV and 1 LR variant, 95.0% had a prior cancer diagnosis, a higher rate than among those with a single PV (76.8%), but the difference was not statistically significant. Among female individuals with 1 PV and 1 LR variant, 86.7% had a breast cancer diagnosis, compared with 67.1% with a single PV, although these differences were not statistically significant.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, individuals with 2 LR variants in CHEK2 had a cancer phenotype similar to those with a single LR variant and similar to WT controls. Individuals with 1 PV and 1 LR variant may have a more penetrant cancer phenotype than individuals with a single PV. Future studies focused on CHEK2 LR variants will aid in better understanding whether these variants are genetic modifiers associated with cancer risk.
Geographic Distribution of US Ophthalmic Surgical Subspecialists
Authors: Ahmed Aishah , Ali Muhammad , Dun Chen , Cai Cindy X. , Makary Martin A. , Woreta Fasika A. 
Published: January 2025

ImportanceWhile urban counties maintain higher densities of ophthalmologists than rural counties, the geographic distribution of ophthalmic surgical subspecialists has not yet been elucidated. A potential workforce discrepancy may impact the burden of care faced by rural surgeons.ObjectiveTo assess the geographic distribution of the ophthalmic subspecialist surgeon workforce and evaluate factors associated with practicing in rural areas.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional population-based study of Medicare patients and surgeons performing subspecialized procedures took place from 2012 through 2022. Medicare Fee-for-Service claims were analyzed in 2023 for patients 65 years or older who underwent subspecialized ophthalmic procedures between 2012 and 2022 using Current Procedural Terminology codes (n = 1 619 043). Surgeons were defined as a subspecialist based on Current Procedural Terminology codes, indicating performance of at least 1 subspecialty procedure from the following subspecialties: cornea, glaucoma, oculoplastic, retina, or strabismus (n = 13 526).Main outcomes and measuresThe primary outcome was the population density of practice for subspecialist surgeons and residence for patients (rural or urban). The secondary outcomes were the characteristics associated with rural practice.ResultsAmong 13 526 ophthalmic surgical subspecialists, 9823 were male (72.6%), 3235 were female (26.8%), and 4484 (33.2%) practiced in the South. There were 2540 cornea subspecialists (18.5%), 3676 glaucoma subspecialists (26.8%), 1951 oculoplastic subspecialists (14.2%), 4123 retina subspecialists (30.0%), and 1236 strabismus subspecialists (9.0%). Across subspecialties, a higher proportion of patients (17.4%; 95% CI, 16.9%-17.9%) resided in rural areas relative to surgeons (5.6%; 95% CI, 5.3%-5.9%) with differences ranging from 6.2% to 14.8% across subspecialities. Female surgeons (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.63; 95% CI, 0.51-0.79; P &amp;lt; .001), surgeons in the Northeast (aOR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.48-0.78; P &amp;lt; .001), surgeons in the West (aOR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.50-0.79; P &amp;lt; .001), and recent graduates relative to those who graduated 11 to 20 years ago (aOR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.25-2.21; P &amp;lt; .001), 21 to 30 years ago (aOR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.38-2.42; P &amp;lt; .001), or 31 years ago or longer (aOR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.08-1.90; P = .013), were less likely to practice rurally.Conclusions and RelevanceThis cross-sectional study between 2012 and 2022 identified higher proportions of rural patients compared with rural surgeons. Percentages of rural surgeons declined over time, with female surgeons and recent medical school graduates less likely to practice rurally. This suggests a disparity in the number of rural subspecialist surgeons available to serve rural patients.
Review of Ferroelectric Materials and Devices toward Ultralow Voltage Operation
Authors: Wang Aiji , Chen Rui , Yun Yu , Xu Jeffrey , Zhang Jinxing 
Published: January 2025

AbstractFerroelectrics are considered to be promising candidates for highly energy‐efficient electronic devices in future information technologies owing to their nonvolatile and low‐energy operation of spontaneous electric polarization. Driven by the pervasive and growing demands for miniaturization and energy efficiency in nanoelectronics, further reductions in the operating voltage of ferroelectric‐based devices are dispensable and thus have received immense attentions. Recent remarkable advances in atomic‐scale synthesis, cutting‐edge characterizations, and multiscale theoretical calculations of ferroelectrics have gained unprecedented insights into the manipulation of emergent functionalities in multiple length scales, which helps the discovery of nontrivial polar structures and designs of device architectures toward the promise of ultralow‐power consumption. Here, state‐of‐the‐art strategies for reducing operating voltage in ferroelectric materials and devices are reviewed. This article starts with a brief introduction and major achievements in ferroelectrics, and expounds on the techniques to probe the polarization‐switching process. Moreover, this article focuses predominantly on recent advancements in achieving low operating voltages through various prevalent strategies such as thickness scaling, defect engineering, chemical doping, surface and interfacial design, strain engineering. Finally, perspectives with scientific and technical challenges are discussed, aiming to facilitate the energy‐efficient applications of ferroelectric materials and devices in future information technologies.
All‐Electric Functional PdSe2 Planar‐Hall Logic Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Chen Ciao‐Fen , Huang Tzu‐Chuan , Wu Pei‐Tzu , Chou Yu‐An , Wang Chin‐Te , Cheng Shu‐Min , Lin Shu‐Fu , Chen Wan‐Hsin , Amrit Pratyay , Kuo Chia‐Nung , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Lin Chun‐Liang , Lue Chin‐Shan , Lin Yen‐Fu , Lo Shun‐Tsung 
Published: January 2025

Abstract2D semiconductor logic has advantages of reconfigurable multi‐state operation through extrinsic charge‐transfer doping mechanisms such as molecular adsorption and light illumination. However, their precise control remains challenging and they bring defects and blur the specified logic protocol for computation. Semiconducting 2D layered palladium diselenide (PdSe2), a noble transition‐metal dichalcogenide with a puckered pentagonal atomic structure, has shown great potential for multi‐functional devices owing to its low crystal symmetry. Here, anisotropic charge transport in band‐like, variable‐range hopping, and quantum‐dot tunneling regimes are demonstrated in a multi‐terminal PdSe2 transistor. The gate‐tunable oscillatory Hall charge movement due to zero‐magnetic‐field pseudo‐planar Hall effect provides a physical reference to encode the dynamical PdSe2 anisotropic energy dispersions up to room temperature. Complementary XOR and XNOR logic relations between Hall voltage output and gate/drain voltage inputs are identified and they are reconfigurable with each other by changing the current injection direction. Controlling the layer number further reconfigures the planar‐Hall effect polarity and Hall logic. This work paves an all‐electric reconfigurable way to a planar‐Hall logic transistor, enabling the initialization, manipulation, and detection of anisotropic electronic states, and offers opportunities for next‐generation computing utilizing multiple energy bands of engineered anisotropies in puckered pentagonal 2D materials.
Realizing C–C Coupling via Accumulation of C1 Intermediates within Dual‐Vacancy‐Induced Dipole‐Limited Domain Field to Propel Photoreduction of CO2‐to‐C2 Fuel
Authors: Li Yang , Chen Yujie , Wang Qiu , Ye Yinyue , Zeng Jianshan , Liu Zhi 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPhotocatalytic conversion of CO2 and H2O into high‐value‐added C2 fuels remains a tough challenge, mainly due to the insufficient concentration of photogenerated electrons for the instability of C1 intermediates, which often tend to desorb easily and disable to form C─C bonds. In this work, photoreduction of CO2‐to‐C2H6 is successfully achieved by introducing adjacent C, N dual‐vacancy sites within the heptazine rings of ultrathin g‐C3N4, which results in the opening of two neighboring heptazine rings and forms a distinctive dipole‐limited domain field (DLDF) structure. In situ X‐ray photoelectron spectra and in situ fourier transform infrared spectra provide direct evidence of the rapid accumulation and transformation of C1 intermediates, especially CO* and CHO*, within the DLDF. Ab initio molecular dynamics further substantiates the role of DLDF in promoting C–C coupling between CO* and CHO*, through the analysis of interaction trajectories and energy changes of their central atoms, ultimately achieving a high yield of C2H6 up to 57.86 µmol g−1 h−1. It is for the first time to propose the concept of DLDF for significant advancement in photoreduction of CO2‐to‐C2 fuel with the evident breakthrough to address the challenge of coupling carbon‐containing intermediates between active sites, offering new insights for the design of C–C coupling sites in single‐component photocatalysts.
Alzheimer's disease plasma biomarkers and physical functioning in a diverse sample of adults
Authors: Knell Gregory , Hall James R. , Large Stephanie , Abdullah Lubnaa , Petersen Melissa , Johnson Leigh A. , O'Bryant Sid E. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractINTRODUCTIONThe relationship between Alzheimer's disease (AD) plasma biomarkers, and physical functioning (PF) across diverse races and ethnicities remains unclear. This study aims to explore this association in an ethno‐racially diverse sample of cognitively unimpaired community‐dwelling adults.METHODSData clinical examinations, neuropsychological tests, blood draws, and PF exams (Timed Up and Go [TUG] and Short Physical Performance Battery [SPPB]) were analyzed. Multivariable linear regressions assessed the association between PF and AD plasma biomarkers (amyloid beta [Aβ]40, Aβ42, total tau [t‐tau], neurofiliament light chain [NfL]).RESULTSThe sample (n = 2358; mean age 64.7 years; 65.9% female), was 20% African American, 41.9% non‐Hispanic White, and 38.1% Hispanic. Findings indicate that worse PF is linked to higher biomarker levels (p < 0.05). Associations differed by race and ethnicity group. TUG time was associated (p < 0.05) with Aβ40, Aβ42, and tau among non‐Hispanic Whites, whereas SPPB scores were associated (p < 0.05) with t‐tau and NfL among African Americans.DISCUSSIONPF, ethnic/racial, and plasma AD biomarker data should be used to aid in developing risk profiles for neurodegenerative diseases.Highlights
Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers are associated with physical functioning (PF)
Ethno‐racial variation exists in AD biomarker and PF associations
Race and ethnicity should considered when assessing neurodegenerative disease risk
π‐Conjugated Polymers for High‐Performance Organic Electrochemical Transistors: Molecular Design Strategies, Applications and Perspectives
Authors: Chen Zhicai , Ding Xinliang , Wang Junwei , Guo Xugang , Shao Shiyang , Feng Kui 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe last decade has witnessed significant progress in organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) due to their enormous potential applications in various bioelectronic devices, such as artificial synapses, biological interfaces, and biosensors. The remarkable advance in this field is highly powered by the development of novel organic mixed ionic/electronic conductors (OMIECs). π‐Conjugated polymers (CPs), which are widely used in various optoelectronics, are emerging as key channel materials for OECTs. In this review, after briefly introducing OECT, we then mainly focus on the latest progress in CPs for high‐performance OECTs. The correlations of their structure, basic physicochemical properties, and device performance are elucidated by evaluating their electronic characters, optoelectronic properties, and OECT performance. Then, the applications of CP‐based OECTs are briefly presented. Finally, we discuss several remaining issues or challenges in this field and give our insights into advancing CPs for enhanced OECT performance.
External Base‐Free Approach for Copper‐Catalyzed N‐Arylation of Indoles and Pyrroles in Green Reaction Medium
Authors: Tahu Mohendra , Konwar Dipika , Dolakasharia Dibyashree , Bora Utpal 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTN‐Arylated heterocyclic molecules are extensively found as key components in numerous pharmaceutical and agrochemical compounds. Herein, inexpensive 1,10‐phenanthroline‐assisted copper‐catalyzed sustainable greener methodology has been developed for N‐arylation of indoles and pyrrole under commercial base and additive‐free conditions. Waste biomass–derived water extract of banana peel ash (WEB) has been used as safe reaction medium and base instead of hazardous solvents, and hence, the current green protocol has achieved an environmentally benign profile. Reaction of pyrrole with aryl iodides and electronically diverse indoles with aryl iodides/aryl bromides in the presence of CuI as catalyst, 1,10‐phenanthroline as ligand, and WEB as a base and solvent at 100°C has furnished N‐arylated product within 12 h. Reaction of indoles with aryl iodides furnished up to 93% yields while aryl bromides resulted in up to 54% yield of the desired product. The utilization of waste biomass derivative for organic transformation reaction is the key step of this protocol, which is in consistence with the goals of green chemistry.
Synthesis and Antibacterial Properties of New Quinazoline Analogs Catalyzed by Chloroacetic Acid–Immobilized Nanocobaltferrite
Authors: Navazi Fatemeh , Gholami Ahmad , Mokhtary Masoud , Nikpassand Mohammad , Asadpour Leila 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn this research, an effective procedure for the one‐pot construction of new quinazoline analogs using chloroacetic acid–immobolized nanocobaltferrite (nano‐CoFe2O4@SiO2@CPTES‐[(Ph₂PCH₂)₂‐CH2CO2H]2+2Cl−) as an efficient novel magnetic nanocatalyst under ultrasound irradiation at 80°C was presented. Chloroacetic acid–immobilized nanocobferrite was characterized by FT‐IR, XRD, FE‐SEM, TEM, EDX, TGA, VSM, and ICP‐mass analyses. Furthermore, the nanocatalyst could be comfortably isolated via magnetic attraction and recycled at least five times without remarkable loss of its catalytic activity. Additionally, in this protocol, quinazoline analogs were screened for their antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. The results showed that quinazolines 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, and 4g had good antibacterial activity toward Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus.