bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic Paramaxillary Approach to the Infratemporal Fossa and Pterygomaxillary Space: Computer Modeling Analysis and Clinical Series
Authors: Konuthula Neeraja , Abuzeid Waleed M. , Humphreys Ian M. , Bly Randall A. , Moe Kris 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Objective Several different open and endoscopic approaches for the pterygomaxillary space and infratemporal fossa have been described. Limitations to these approaches include restricted exposure of the infratemporal fossa and difficult surgical manipulation.
Study Design Consecutive clinical cases utilizing a novel approach to access lesions in the infratemporal fossa and pterygomaxillary space were reviewed. Data was collected on pathology, lesion location, and surgical approach(es) performed. Computer modeling was performed to analyze the full extent of surgical access provided by the paramaxillary approach to the range of target locations.
Results Ten consecutive cases met inclusion criteria. Surgical access to the target lesion was achieved in all cases. Computer modeling of the approach derived the anatomical boundaries of the paramaxillary approach. Wide access to the posterior maxilla, and lateral or medial to the mandibular condyle allows for variability in endoscopic angles and access to more medial pterygomaxillary space lesions. The lateral extent is limited proximally only by the extent of cheek/soft tissue retraction and by the zygomatic arch more superiorly. The superior limit of dissection is at the temporal line.
Conclusion The endoscopic paramaxillary approach is a transoral minimally disruptive approach to the ITF and PS that provides excellent surgical exposure for resection of lesions involving these areas. Compared with previously described endoscopic approaches, there are no external incisions; tumor manipulation is straightforward without angled endoscopy, and all areas of the infratemporal fossa and pterygomaxillary space can be accessed.
‘I Dream of Going Home’: Gendered Experiences of Adolescent Syrian Refugees in Jordan’s Azraq Camp
Authors: Sajdi Jude , Essaid Aida , Vila Clara Miralles , Abu Taleb Hala , Abu Azzam Majed , Malachowska Agnieszka 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAlthough the influx of Syrian refugees in Jordan initially attracted considerable international humanitarian support, funding has declined recently, and labour market restrictions have tightened. Adolescents in Azraq refugee camp face particular challenges due to its unique characteristics, including strong surveillance and security measures and a remote desert location, which affords only limited mobility and income-generating opportunities. Instead of offering protection and security for displaced Syrians, the camp has become a ‘violent space’. This article explores the experiences of younger (10–12 years) and older (15–17 years) adolescent girls and boys in Azraq camp. It provides insights into their gendered experiences in four capability domains—education, voice and agency, bodily integrity and freedom from violence, and psychosocial wellbeing—highlighting key vulnerabilities that need to be addressed to deliver the Leave No One Behind agenda. The findings suggest that when planning programmes and services, the government, international community and civil society actors working with adolescent refugees in Azraq need to take into consideration spatial dimensions of vulnerability. Such efforts should ensure that programmes are designed and implemented in an inclusive and accessible way so that male and female adolescents in specific camp settings can overcome the constraints that they uniquely face.
Time-resolved thermal lens investigation of glassy dynamics in supercooled liquids: Theory and experiments
Authors: Zhang Pengfei , Gandolfi Marco , Banfi Francesco , Glorieux Christ , Liu Liwang 
Published: August 2021

This work reports results on the simultaneous spectroscopy of the specific heat and thermal expansivity of glycerol by making use of a wideband time-resolved thermal lens (TL) technique. An analytical model is presented which describes TL transients in a relaxing system subjected to impulsive laser heating. Experimentally, a set of TL waveforms, from 1 ns to 20 ms, has been recorded for a glycerol sample upon supercooling, from 300 to 200 K. The satisfactory fitting of the TL signals to the model allows the assessment of relaxation strength and relaxation frequency of the two quantities up to sub-100 MHz, extending the specific heat and thermal expansion spectroscopy by nearly three and eight decades, respectively. Fragility values, extracted from the relaxation behavior of the specific heat and the thermal expansion coefficient, are found to be similar, despite a substantial difference in relaxation strength.
Evaluation of oxidation suppression of multilayer graphene synthesized using fluorene as a solid source
Authors: Watanabe Jun , Kubo Toshitaka , Shimizu Tetsuo 
Published: August 2021

Multilayer graphene (MLG) on a Cu substrate was successfully fabricated via a solid-source chemical vapor deposition process using fluorene as the solid source. The surface coverage of graphene was greater than 98% even at 6 min, and the MLG ratio was ∼97%, indicating that our growth method selectively promoted MLG growth from the beginning of graphene growth. The oxidation suppression characteristics of MLG were confirmed using electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD) analysis. Cu crystal orientations were identified only under areas covered by graphene, indicating that the oxidation of Cu did not proceed at the interface between Cu and graphene. We confirmed using EBSD techniques that MLG suppresses the surface oxidation of a Cu substrate. Furthermore, we showed that EBSD was an effective tool for evaluating surface oxidation as well as surface crystal orientations.
14-3-3ζ: A suppressor of inflammatory arthritis
Authors: Kim Joshua , Chun Krista , McGowan Jenna , Zhang Youjie , Czernik Piotr J. , Mell Blair , Joe Bina , Chattopadhyay Saurabh , Holoshitz Joseph , Chakravarti Ritu 
Published: August 2021

Significance
Inflammatory arthritis (IA) affects more than 1% of the world population. Natural host-protective immune responses to suppress or prophylactic immunization to prevent IA remain unknown. We previously showed that 14-3-3ζ is an autoantigen in large vessel vasculitis. In the current study, we examined the role of antigenic 14-3-3ζ using animal models of IA. Our results showed that 14-3-3ζ is an endogenous suppressor of IA. In addition to immunological manipulations, 14-3-3ζ has a strong effect on bone remodeling. Moreover, we developed a 14-3-3ζ–based prophylactic vaccine that reduces IA symptoms. This report shows the host-protective role of antigenic 14-3-3ζ in IA suppression and shows that autoantigens play an important role in inflammatory diseases.
Terahertz MEMS metadevices
Authors: Pitchappa Prakash , Kumar Abhishek , Singh Ranjan , Lee Chengkuo , Wang Nan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Terahertz (THz) part of the electromagnetic spectrum (0.1–10 THz) holds the key for next-generation high-speed wireless communication, non-destructive biosensing, fingerprint chemical detection and imaging for astronomy and security surveillance. The limited THz response of naturally occurring materials had left a technological gap in the THz region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Artificially engineered materials termed as ‘metamaterials’, have shown great potential in THz wave interaction and its active counterpart termed as ‘metadevices’ have been widely reported for on-demand manipulation of THz waves. One of the most efficient means of realizing metadevices is to reconfigure the shape of unit cells and hence the corresponding THz response. The 50+ years of development in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and the wide array of microactuator designs provide a perfect platform to achieve structural reconfiguration of microscale metamaterial unit cells in both in-plane and out-of-plane directions. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of various MEMS approaches adopted for the demonstration of THz metadevices, their advantages and limitations. The future research directions of THz MEMS metadevices are also discussed. The seamless integration of matured MEMS technology with incipient THz metamaterials provides significant advantages in terms of enhanced performances, advanced functionalities and large scale manufacturability, that is critical for the development of future THz technologies.
Development of a solute and defect concentration dependant Ising model for the study of transmutation induced segregation in neutron irradiated W–(Re, Os) systems
Authors: Lloyd M J , Martinez E , Messina L , Nguyen-Manh D 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this study, radiation-induced precipitation of transmutation products is addressed via the development of a new solute and vacancy concentration dependant Ising model for the W–Re–Os system. This new model includes interactions between both Os and Re atoms with vacancies, thus facilitating more representative simulations of transmutation in fusion reactor components. Local solute concentration dependencies are introduced for the W–Re, W–Os and Re–Os pair interactions. The model correctly accounts for the repulsion between small clusters of vacancies and the attraction between larger clusters/voids, via the introduction of local vacancy concentration dependant interaction coefficients between pairs of atoms and vacancies. To parameterise the pair interactions between atoms and/or vacancies, the enthalpy of mixing, ΔH
mix, for various configurations and solute/defect concentrations, was calculated using density functional theory, within 6 binary systems: W–Re, W–Os, Re–Os, W–vacancy, Re–vacancy and Os–vacancy. The new energy model was implemented into the SPPARKS Monte Carlo code, and successfully used to predict the formation of voids decorated with Re and Os solute atoms. Analysis suggests that there is a strong thermodynamic tendency for Os to bind to these voids with a comparatively weaker binding from Re atoms. The binding energies of various solute/vacancy clusters were calculated and showed that Re and Os solute atoms tend to stabilise small clusters of vacancies, increasing the attractive binding energy between the constituents.
Defects enriched cobalt molybdate induced by carbon dots for a high rate Li-ion battery anode
Authors: Xu Zhanwei , Wang Ying , Liu Mengyu , Sarwar Muhammad Khaqan , Zhao Yixing 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A defects-enriched CoMoO4/carbon dot (CD) with CoMoO4 around 37 nm is achieved via hydrothermal reaction by introducing CDs to buffer large volume changes of CoMoO4 during lithiation–delithiation and enhance rate performance. The phase, morphology, microstructure, as well as the interface of the CoMoO4/CD composites were investigated by x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. When employed as Li-ion battery anode, the CoMoO4/CD exhibits a reversible capacity of ∼531 mAh g−1 after 400 cycles at a current density of 2.0 A g−1. Under the scan rate at 2 mV s−1, the CoMoO4/CD shows accounts for 81.1% pseudocapacitance. It may attribute to the CoMoO4 with surface defects given more reaction sites to facilitate electrons and lithium ions transfer at high current densities. Through galvanostatic intermittent titration technique, the average lithium ion diffusion coefficient calculated is an order of magnitude larger than that of bulk CoMoO4, indicating that the CoMoO4/CD possesses promising electrons and lithium ions transportation performance as anode material.
How does the CMIP6 ensemble change the picture for European climate projections?
Authors: Palmer T E , Booth B B B , McSweeney C F 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We compare Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) ensemble (CMIP6) projections for seasonal mean temperature and precipitation to CMIP5 for northern Europe, central Europe and the Mediterranean. The CMIP6 ensemble shows increased projected summer warming compared to CMIP5, which was found to be statistically significant in central Europe and the Mediterranean. Precipitation projections for Central Europe in CMIP6 were found to have a stronger drying trend in the summer months, there was also a substantially narrower projection range. Spatial comparisons indicate that this stronger drying trend also extends into a large part northern Europe. We show that warmer projected summer temperatures in northern Europe and the Mediterranean are largely driven by the higher global climate sensitivities in CMIP6 models, while regional changes are broadly similar. In central Europe a significant difference in the regional responses was found and in these cases the picture can be said to have changed. We find the difference in regional sensitivity is important in central Europe where it accounts for roughly 40

%

of the differences between ensembles in projected regional temperature.
Characteristics of spatial pattern evolution of blowouts in the Hulunbuir sandy grassland
Authors: Zhang Xi-wei , Gao Yong , Ding Yan-long , Bai Guo-lian , Wu Ya-ping 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Blowout is the initial form of sand steppe, sand belts, or dunes; the continuous development of blowouts leads to desertification expansion and ecological degradation. The study area is a typical blowout area of 30762 hm2 near a sand belt north of the Hulunbuir Grassland. Seven images from Landsat TM (30 m) taken in 1984, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2016 were analyzed using ArcGIS and FRAGSTATS software and the landscape pattern index method to investigate the spatial pattern change of blowouts. The results show that the distribution of blowouts is intensive, primarily comprising blowouts < 10 hm2, with the largest blowout in the study area being equal to 96.59 hm2. There was a significant correlation among blowout patch area, shape index, and fractal dimension. The long axis of the blowouts is consistent with the prevailing wind. As the blowout area increases, it forms a saucer-trough irregular shape. In summary, although there is a wide blowout distribution, there is a local aggregation distribution in certain areas resulting in significant landscape fragmentation. As a result, there is a risk of blowout fragments forming a large area of sandy land or partially broken sand dune landforms. To prevent desertification, corresponding measures for vegetation restoration should be implemented during early-stage blowouts.
Analysis of research hotspots and trends in energy-pavement engineering
Authors: Wei Xiaofeng , Wei Songtao , Li Peilong , Su Jinfei 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
With energy shortages and environmental pollution increasing, pavement engineering has gradually transformed from a single traffic attribute to multi-functionality. The trend of pavement construction from “energy consumption” to “energy supply” is also obvious. Therefore, the “energy-pavement engineering” that combines energy and pavement engineering has quickly become a research hotspot in the field of transportation infrastructure. To accurately and effectively grasp the research hotspots and trends of energy-pavement engineering, the research progress and problems in the field of energy-pavement engineering in the past 20 years are systematically sorted out. Energy-pavement engineering is subdivided into two concepts: energy pavement and pavement energy. Besides, mutual penetrating and integrating while carrying out research around the hot spots of energy pavement and pavement energy is an effective way to deepen energy-pavement engineering research.
Maintenance and development of agro-forestry-pastoral system from the perspective of biodiversity—Taking Zhagana in Diebu County as an example
Authors: Xie Xiaoling , Zhang Shiwen 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The issue of sustainable development has a growing impact on rural revitalization and rural planning, which is also the focus of long-term attention in urban-rural transformation. Based on comprehensive analysis of field investigation data in Zhagana area, quantitative data of related factors between resources of various life forms and hidden dangers of rural ecological sustainable development, this paper takes Zhagana in alpine pastoral area as the research object and regards biodiversity and long-term demands for rural sustainable development as the breakthrough point, extracting the ecological advantages associated with the local unique agro-forestry-pastoral system, and exploring the strategic system of maintaining and developing agro-forestry-pastoral system in alpine pastoral area. Additionally, starting from the biodiversity that is highly integrated with the natural environment in rural areas, the construction includes early warning and implementation of rural agro-forestry-pastoral system, detection and later maintenance of rural agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry restoration, and maintenance and remediation of rural ecological sustainable development so as to explore the optimization ways of sustainable development of rural ecology in alpine pastoral areas with low cost, high efficiency, income generation and suitable operation, and conduct public intervention based on natural solutions for rural sustainable development.
Simulation and control of DFIGs connected to the grid
Authors: Dou Jian , Qie Shuang , Liu Xingqi , Ren Yi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Due to the development of renewable energy generations, the reasonable grid-connected control strategy for wind turbines is of great significant. Doubly-fed Induction Generator (DFIG) is one of the variable speed constant frequency (VSCF) motors, which is regarded as the object in this paper. To decouple the control of active and reactive power, the strategies for both grid-side and rotor-side converter are designed. The simulation model of DFIG is built with MATLAB/Simulink software, and the grid-connection simulation experiment is carried out.
A new method for reasonable injection production ratio calculation of considering external flow volume
Authors: Li Meifang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The phenomenon of high injection production ratio and low formation pressure maintenance level are common in peripheral oil fields of Daqing oilfield. It is considered that the outflow of water injection exists in the reservoir. In this paper, the optimal mathematical model is established with the maximum oil production as the objective function and the injection pressure and flowing pressure as the constraints. Based on the material balance equation considering the overflow water, the calculation formula of formation pressure changing with time, and other parameters changing such as injection production ratio are derived. The reasonable interval injection production ratio in a block can be obtained by the iterative method, which provides a theoretical basis for reasonable production and injection allocation in the middle-later stage of water drive reservoir development.
Investigation of epoxy composites for outdoor insulation under accelerated ultraviolet exposure
Authors: Butt Safi Ullah , Khattak Abraiz , Ali Asghar , Faiza  , Imran Kashif , Ullah Nasim , Alahmadi Ahmad Aziz , Khan Adam 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Epoxy and its composites have shown remarkable properties to be used for outdoor high voltage insulation applications. However, outdoor environment that contains UV-A radiations deteriorates the organic structure of epoxy-based insulators. To analyze the surface degradation and chemical changes in structure due to UV radiations, neat epoxy (NEPOX), 15 wt.% epoxy microcomposite (EMC 15) and 5 wt.% epoxy nanocomposite (ENC 5) were prepared and subjected to a specially fabricated UV chamber under accelerated conditions. The samples were analyzed with visual inspection, STRI hydrophobicity classification, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The analyses confirmed the pattern of gradual degradation of surface structure due to the appearance of ester and carbonyl groups due to oxidation of hydrocarbon chains. FTIR peaks of C=O stretching at ∼1725.52 increased by 157.44%, 75.86% and 33.33% for NEPOX, EMC 15 and ENC, respectively. This shows that ENC-5 expressed better resistance against surface oxidation as compared to EMC 15 and NEPOX. Addition of fillers enhanced the chain intactness and nano filler performed even better due to greater surface area and surface energy.
Influence of the carburization time on the structural and mechanical properties of XC20 steel
Authors: Abdenour Saoudi , Linda Aissani , Oualid Chahaoui , Ali Bestandji , Salah Louafi Mohammed , Hamid Djebaili , Francisco Chinesta 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This study focuses on the effect of carburization time on the structural and mechanical properties of low carbon XC20 mild steel (C. Wt.% <0.25). The XC20 steel was carburized with activated carbon with a carbon potential Cp1 = 1.1%, at 910 °C at different carburization times of 2, 4 and 6 h. The results obtained show that XC20 steel (non-carburized) has a ferrite-pearlitic structure with a hardness and a Young’s modulus of the order of (150 HV, 26 KN/mm2). After carburization, the structure of the carburized layer is transformed in martensite (Fe γ) in which cementite (Fe3C) is imbricated. The depth of the carburized layer and the amount of carbon on the surface gradually increase with increasing carburization time. In addition, the carburized XC20 steel becomes hard and brittle where the hardness and Young’s modulus have been increased for a high holding time until reaching maximum values ​​(845 HV, 48 KN mm−2) after 6 h of carburization . However, the toughness of XC20 steel has been reduced from 163 to 40 J cm−2.
Rapid parameter estimation of discrete decaying signals using autoencoder networks
Authors: Visschers Jim C , Budker Dmitry , Bougas Lykourgos 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this work we demonstrate the use of neural networks for rapid extraction of signal parameters of discretely sampled signals. In particular, we use dense autoencoder networks to extract the parameters of interest from exponentially decaying signals and decaying oscillations. By using a three-stage training method and careful choice of the neural network size, we are able to retrieve the relevant signal parameters directly from the latent space of the autoencoder network at significantly improved rates compared to traditional algorithmic signal-analysis approaches. We show that the achievable precision and accuracy of this method of analysis is similar to conventional algorithm-based signal analysis methods, by demonstrating that the extracted signal parameters are approaching their fundamental parameter estimation limit as provided by the Cramér–Rao bound. Furthermore, we demonstrate that autoencoder networks are able to achieve signal analysis, and, hence, parameter extraction, at rates of 75 kHz, orders-of-magnitude faster than conventional techniques with similar precision. Finally, our exploration of the limitations of our approach in different computational systems suggests that analysis rates of

>

200 kHz are feasible using neural networks in systems where the transfer time between the data-acquisition system and data-analysis modules can be kept below ∼3 µs.