bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spiritual well‐being of patients with chronic renal failure: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: LI Chia‐Yu , Hsieh Chia‐Jung , Shih Ya‐Ling , Lin Ya‐Ting 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimsThe study aimed to investigate the relationship among physical symptom distress, sleep quality, depression and spiritual well‐being of patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) and analyse the predictors of the spiritual well‐being.DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodsA total of 188 patients were selected. The collection tools were the Physical Symptom Distress Scale, the Chinese version of PSQI, the Geriatric Depression Scale and the Spiritual Well‐Being Scale. Hierarchical regression analysis was conducted using SPSS 20.0.ResultsPatients with different treatments exhibited significantly different physical symptom distress. Furthermore, spiritual well‐being was significantly negatively correlated with physical symptom distress, poor sleep disturbances and depression. After controlling for the variables, sleep quality and haemodialysis treatment were the key predictors of spiritual well‐being.ConclusionTo achieve holistic caregiving for patients’ physiological, psychological and spiritual health, Nurses should evaluate patients’ symptom distress and depression when providing care for these patients to enhance their spiritual well‐being.
Postoperative Adjuvant Therapy Versus Surgery Alone for Stage IIB–III Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Phase III Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ni Wenjie , Yu Shufei , Xiao Zefen , Zhou Zongmei , Chen Dongfu , Feng Qinfu , Liang Jun , Lv Jima , Gao Shugeng , Mao Yousheng , Xue Qi , Sun Kelin , Liu Xiangyang , Fang Dekang , Li Jian , Wang Dali , Zhao Jun , Gao Yushun 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
Retrospective studies have shown that adjuvant treatment improves survival of patients with stage IIB–III esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, but there is no evidence from prospective trials so far.

Materials and Methods
Patients with pathological stage IIB–III esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were randomly assigned to receive surgery alone (SA), postoperative radiotherapy (PORT), or postoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy (POCRT). PORT patients received 54 Gy in 27 fractions; the POCRT group received 50.4 Gy in 28 fractions, plus concurrent chemotherapy with paclitaxel (135–150 mg/m2) and cisplatin or nedaplatin (50–75 mg/m2) every 28 days. The primary endpoint was disease-free survival (DFS), and the secondary endpoint was overall survival (OS).

Results
A total of 172 patients were enrolled (SA, n = 54; PORT, n = 54; POCRT, n = 64). The 3-year DFS was significantly better in PORT/POCRT patients than in SA patients (53.8% vs. 36.7%; p = .020); the 3-year OS was also better in PORT/POCRT patients (63.9% vs. 48.0%; p = .025). The 3-year DFS for SA, PORT, and POCRT patients were 36.7%, 50.0%, 57.3%, respectively (p = .048). The 3-year OS for SA, PORT, and POCRT patients were 48.0%, 60.8%, 66.5%, respectively (p = .048).

Conclusion
PORT/POCRT (especially POCRT) may significantly improve DFS and OS in stage IIB–III esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Implications for Practice
The results of this phase III study indicated that postoperative radiotherapy/postoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy (PORT/POCRT) could significantly improve disease-free survival and overall survival in stage IIB–III esophageal squamous cell carcinoma compared with surgery alone with acceptable toxicities. In-field and out-of-field recurrences were comparable between the POCRT and PORT groups, which demonstrates the rationality and safety of the radiation field used in this study. The postoperative regimens in this trial might be accepted as standard treatment options for pathological stage IIB–III esophageal cancer. Larger sample size prospective randomized trials to identify the value are warranted.
Consequences of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis‐like cytokine release syndrome toxicities and concurrent bacteremia
Authors: Masih Katherine E. , Ligon John A. , Yates Bonnie , Shalabi Haneen , Little Lauren , Islam Zahin , Ombrello Amanda K. , Inglefield Jon , Nussenblatt Veronique , Manion Maura , Khan Javed , Shah Nirali N. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSerious bacterial infections (SBI) can lead to devastating complications with CD19 CAR T cells and cytokine release syndrome (CRS). Little is known about consequences of and risk factors for SBI with novel CAR T‐cell constructs or with CRS complicated by HLH‐like toxicities. We report on three patients with B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with CD22 CAR T cells who developed SBI and CRS‐associated HLH. Serum cytokine profiling revealed sustained elevations well beyond CRS resolution, suggesting ongoing systemic inflammation. Heightened inflammatory states converging with SBI contribute to poor outcomes, and recognition and prevention of extended inflammation may be needed to improve outcomes.
Study on the modified fiber with nacre layer structure based on bionic coating and molybdenum disulfide co‐construction incorporated asphalt
Authors: Zhu Zhaorong , Liu Yu , Muhammad Yaseen , Lu Wenqin , Zhao Zhenxia , Li Jing 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA green and efficient two‐step method was used to modify the surface of aramid fiber with a double shell structure by compounding MoS2 with dopamine and tannic acid to develop nacre fiber with enhanced interfacial effect, which was in turn applied to prepare nacre fiber incorporated modified asphalt. The nacre fiber and its incorporated modified asphalt were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fluorescence microscopy (FM), and dynamic shear rheometer (DSR). FTIR results indicated that the nacre fiber was highly dispersed in the matrix asphalt while it was highly thermally stable (THRI of 207.4°C) as confirmed by thermogravimetric analysis. FM and SEM analyses confirmed that the nacre fiber formed a uniformly dispersed and well‐developed three‐dimensional network structure in the matrix asphalt, which endorsed the nacre fiber modified asphalt with enhanced mechanical and viscoelastic properties as confirmed by DSR tests.
Ten years later: Self‐sufficiency of welfare mothers before the Great Recession
Authors: Vaughan Denton R. , Haley Barbara A. , Dajani Aref N. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a preliminary evaluation of the Temporary Assistance to Needy Families program, that was mandated by the 1996 Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA), showing trends over time in wages for mothers who received welfare benefits in 1996, using the power of a longitudinal data set: a nationally representative sample of 1000 welfare mothers in the 1996 Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP), linked to their IRS wage records from 1996 to 2007. Only one in ten of the 1996 cohort of welfare mothers received wages that were at least 175% of the poverty line by 2007. By 2007, only one in six of those with more than a high school diploma achieved this level of economic self‐sufficiency. For all time periods, the federal Earned Income Tax Credit, had a positive impact for only the lowest wage earners, that is, with earnings below half the poverty line. Our results provide a commentary on the validity of neoliberal assumptions underlying the long‐term implementation of the PRWORA. Analyses of future SIPP panels will determine whether these trends continued.
Life with pediatric home ventilation: Expectations versus experience
Authors: Henderson Carrie M. , Raisanen Jessica C. , Shipman Kelly J. , Jabre Nicholas A. , Wilfond Benjamin S. , Boss Renee D. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo explore the family experience of home ventilation through a comparison of anticipated home life changes with subsequent experiences.Study DesignGuided interviews with parents across three states who chose home ventilation for their child within the last 5 years.Patient‐Subject SelectionPurposive sampling of parents who chose home ventilation for their child within the last 5 years.MethodsInterviews were transcribed for qualitative analysis and analyzed for thematic saturation and prevalence of codes.ResultsTwenty families were interviewed. Families generally reported not considering potential home life changes when facing the decision about home ventilation; instead, they worried most about medical management. These concerns reversed in importance later. Families learned medical management quickly but felt largely unprepared for the extensive changes to their home life, including isolation, altered relationships with extended family and community, effects on siblings, financial strain, and need for physical changes to their house. Families had not anticipated how much they would be affected by home healthcare as a new part of their life.ConclusionsThe priorities that families consider during decisions about pediatric home ventilation may not be aligned with the actual home experience of this technology. Given that the success of home ventilation largely rests with the family's care, family expectations for home life adaptations must be augmented, as should postdischarge supports for families with complex home care experiences.
Backup ventilation during neurally adjusted ventilatory assist in preterm infants
Authors: Lee Juyoung , Parikka Vilhelmiina , Lehtonen Liisa , Soukka Hanna 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze the proportion of backup ventilation during neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) in preterm infants at different postmenstrual ages (PMAs) and to analyze the trends in backup ventilation in relation to clinical deteriorations.MethodsA prospective observational study was conducted in 18 preterm infants born at a median (range) 27+4 (23+4–34+4) weeks of gestation with a median (range) birth weight of 1,100 (460–2,820) g, who received respiratory support with either invasive or noninvasive NAVA. Data on ventilator settings and respiratory variables were collected daily; the mean values of each 24‐h recording were computed for each respiratory variable. For clinical deterioration, ventilator data were reviewed at 6‐h intervals for 30 h before the event.ResultsA total of 354 patient days were included: 269 and 85 days during invasive and noninvasive NAVA, respectively. The time on backup ventilation (%/min) significantly decreased with increasing PMA during both invasive and noninvasive NAVA. The neural respiratory rate did not change over time. The median time on backup ventilation was less than 15%/min, and the median neural respiratory rate was more than 45 breaths/min for infants above 26+0 weeks PMA during invasive NAVA. The relative backup ventilation significantly increased before the episode of clinical deterioration.ConclusionThe proportion of backup ventilation during NAVA showed how the control of breathing matured with increasing PMA. Even the most immature infants triggered most of their breaths by their own respiratory effort. An acute increase in the proportion of backup ventilation anticipated clinical deterioration.
Application of Nano‐Sized RDX in CMDB Propellant with High Solid Content
Authors: Yu Haomiao , Sun Sensen , Gao Jianbing , Jin Xiaoxun , Liu Jie , Li Fengsheng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCompared to the ordinary RDX, nano‐sized RDX has many more excellent properties. Therefore two kinds of CMDB propellant were prepared for comparison. One is the normal CMDB propellant called M‐CMDB propellant, the other is N‐CMDB propellant which adds nano‐sized RDX to CMDB propellant. The morphology characterization, tensile properties, sensitivity, and combustion performance of the propellants were investigated, the results for N‐CMDB propellant were compared with that for the normal one. It has been found that the interface of N‐CMDB propellant showed no stratification and fewer overall defects than the normal one. The value of σm and ϵm for N‐CMDB propellant are increased by 32.6 % and 25.2 % at 323.15 K, respectively. At 293.15 K, the σm and ϵm values of N‐CMDB propellant also increased by 25.4 % and 46.9 % and increased by 17.5 % and 23.7 %, respectively, at 233.15 K. The friction and impact sensitivities of N‐CMDB propellant are decreased by 51.3 % and 50.4 %, respectively. The TG/DSC study indicated that, compared with M‐CMDB propellant, the thermal decomposition peak temperature of N‐CMDB propellant is advanced, and the apparent activation energy is reduced by about 6.0 % to 144.3 kJ ⋅ mol−1. Combustion performance measurements were carried out. It was observed that nano‐sized RDX is a good burning rate enhancer, because of the burning rate coefficient value of N‐CMDB propellant is relatedly increased by 36.9 %. Besides, the pressure exponent of N‐CMDB propellant is relatively decreased by 21.6 %. All the results indicate that the application of nano‐sized RDX will help to improve the comprehensive performance of CMDB propellant.
Answering questions in a co‐created formative exam question bank improves summative exam performance, while students perceive benefits from answering, authoring, and peer discussion: A mixed methods analysis of PeerWise
Authors: Guilding Clare , Pye Rachel Emma , Butler Stephanie , Atkinson Michael , Field Eimear 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMultiple choice questions (MCQs) are a common form of assessment in medical schools and students seek opportunities to engage with formative assessment that reflects their summative exams. Formative assessment with feedback and active learning strategies improve student learning outcomes, but a challenge for educators, particularly those with large class sizes, is how to provide students with such opportunities without overburdening faculty. To address this, we enrolled medical students in the online learning platform PeerWise, which enables students to author and answer MCQs, rate the quality of other students’ contributions as well as discuss content. A quasi‐experimental mixed methods research design was used to explore PeerWise use and its impact on the learning experience and exam results of fourth year medical students who were studying courses in clinical sciences and pharmacology. Most students chose to engage with PeerWise following its introduction as a noncompulsory learning opportunity. While students perceived benefits in authoring and peer discussion, students engaged most highly with answering questions, noting that this helped them identify gaps in knowledge, test their learning and improve exam technique. Detailed analysis of the 2015 cohort (n = 444) with hierarchical regression models revealed a significant positive predictive relationship between answering PeerWise questions and exam results, even after controlling for previous academic performance, which was further confirmed with a follow‐up multi‐year analysis (2015–2018, n = 1693). These 4 years of quantitative data corroborated students’ belief in the benefit of answering peer‐authored questions for learning.
Field‐evolved resistance to chlorpyrifos by Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): Inheritance mode, cross‐resistance patterns, and synergism
Authors: Garlet Cínthia G , Gubiani Patricia da S , Palharini Ramon B , Moreira Rafaella P , Godoy Daniela N , Farias Juliano R , Bernardi Oderlei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDFall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith), is an economically important pest worldwide. In this study, we selected a genotype of FAW resistant to chlorpyrifos from a field‐collected population, characterized the genetic basis of resistance, and evaluated cross‐resistance and mechanisms of resistance using synergists.RESULTSThe LD50 values of chlorpyrifos for the resistant (Clorp‐R) and susceptible (Sus) FAW genotypes were 24.26 and 0.023 μg per larva, respectively, representing a resistance ratio > 1050‐fold. The LD50 values of chlorpyrifos against heterozygotes were 3.34 and 4.00 μg per larva, suggesting that resistance is autosomally inherited. The chlorpyrifos resistance in FAW was influenced by few genes, with the minimum numbers of segregations being 1.74 and 1.88. On chlorpyrifos‐sprayed plants and leaves, Clorp‐R and heterozygote genotypes showed >95% and >52% survival, respectively, whereas the Sus genotype had no survival, indicating that the resistance is incompletely dominant at the field rate of chlorpyrifos. The Clorp‐R genotype presented some cross‐resistance to acephate, but low cross‐resistance to thiodicarb, methomyl, chlorfenapyr, flubendiamide, methoxyfenozide, spinetoram, and teflubenzuron. The synergists piperonyl butoxide, diethyl maleate, and S,S,S‐tributyl phosphorotrithiotate did not have relevant effects on the Clorp‐R genotype, suggesting a minor role for metabolic resistance.CONCLUSIONSThe inheritance of chlorpyrifos resistance in FAW was characterized as autosomal, incompletely dominant, and polygenic, with metabolic resistance playing a small role in the detoxification of chlorpyrifos. Low cross‐resistance between chlorpyrifos and other mode of action (MoA) insecticides occurs in FAW, highlighting the importance of considering the rotation of MoA as a strategy to delay resistance. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Impact of pile‐driving and offshore windfarm operational noise on fish chorusing
Authors: Siddagangaiah Shashidhar , Chen Chi‐Fang , Hu Wei‐Chun , Pieretti Nadia 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOffshore windfarms have recently emerged as a renewable energy solution. The effects of pile‐driving and long‐term impacts of operational noises on fish chorusing still, however, remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the variations of fish chorusing intensity and duration during the construction (2016) and operational phases (2017–2018) of a windfarm at the Eastern Taiwan Strait (ETS). At the ETS, two types of fish choruses (Types 1 and 2) were found to repeat over a diurnal pattern. In the 2 days after the pile driving, Type 1 chorusing showed lower intensity and longer duration, while Type 2 chorusing exhibited higher intensity and no changes in its duration. During the operational phases in 2017 and 2018, both choruses were longer in duration (2–3 h for Type 1; 0.5–1 h for Type 2). The intensity of Type 1 chorus increased by 5–10 dB, but no significant variation was recorded for Type 2. Our findings document, for the first time, different behavioral responses of two chorusing types exposed to pile‐driving and windfarm noise pressure. Fish choruses have been associated with several behavioral functions. Deviation from a regular pattern might affect fish reproductive success, cause migration, augmented predation, or physiological alterations. Because offshore windfarms installations are growing in magnitude and capacity worldwide, this study provides essential insights for policymakers and constitutes an important reference for assessing the effects of noise from pile driving and windfarms on fishes.
Direct Synthesis of Liquefied Petroleum Gas from Carbon Dioxide Using a Copper/Zinc Oxide/Zirconia/Alumina and HY Zeolite Hybrid Catalyst
Authors: Natakaranakul Jaru , Thongkam Montree , Li Hangjie , Suchamalawong Phorndranrat , Tsubaki Noritatsu , Vitidsant Tharapong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractConversion of CO2 to lower hydrocarbons (HCs) is a high potential process that could reduce and sustainably control this greenhouse gas. In accord with The Sustainable Development Goal from The United Nation Development Program, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is viewed as environmentally friendly and is widely used. Small HCs can be directly synthesized from CO2 hydrogenation over a hybrid catalyst. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the direct synthesis of LPG from CO2 hydrogenation using a copper/zinc oxide/zirconium/alumina (CZZA) mixed metal and HY zeolite as a hybrid catalyst. The study was conducted in a fixed bed reactor using hydrogen/CO2/carbon monoxide as the reactant gas and evaluating four types of production condition, method of catalyst combination, reaction temperature, CZZA/HY zeolite mass ratio, and catalyst weight/volume flow rate. The mixing type between the CZZA and HY zeolite catalysts markedly influenced the HC selectivity with strong suppression of reverse water gas shift reaction. At the optimum condition, a 27.39 % CO2 conversion level and a high HC (98.70 %) and LPG (66.56 %) selectivity were obtained.
Syntheses of Combretastatin A‐4 and Related Stilbenes by Using Aqueous Conditions
Authors: Barnes Natalie G. , Ahmed Mal Ullah Amjed A. , Ragazzon Patricia A. , Charafi Nadia , Hadfield John A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCombretastatin A‐4 (CA4) is a potent anti‐mitotic and vascular disrupting agent. Organic chemists have been working to optimize the synthesis of CA4 for the past 3 decades, with methods requiring hazardous solvents and harsh reaction conditions. Here, we report the synthesis of CA4 and a variety of stilbenes in an aqueous Wittig system. Potassium carbonate or lithium hydroxide were used as base in this Wittig reaction to give excellent yields of mixtures of E‐ and Z‐stilbenes. The synthesis of CA4 was achieved using tetrahydropyran (THP) or silyl protected phenolic aldehydes. The THP groups were removed using dilute acid whilst the silyl groups fortuitously fell off during work up.
Micro and Nanoscale Technologies for Diagnosis of Viral Infections
Authors: Nasrollahi Fatemeh , Haghniaz Reihaneh , Hosseini Vahid , Davoodi Elham , Mahmoodi Mahboobeh , Karamikamkar Solmaz , Darabi Mohammad Ali , Zhu Yangzhi , Lee Junmin , Diltemiz Sibel Emir , Montazerian Hossein , Sangabathuni Sivakoti , Tavafoghi Maryam , Jucaud Vadim , Sun Wujin , Kim Han‐Jun , Ahadian Samad , Khademhosseini Ali 
Published: July 2021

AbstractViral infection is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. The growth of globalization significantly increases the risk of virus spreading, making it a global threat to future public health. In particular, the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic outbreak emphasizes the importance of devices and methods for rapid, sensitive, and cost‐effective diagnosis of viral infections in the early stages by which their quick and global spread can be controlled. Micro and nanoscale technologies have attracted tremendous attention in recent years for a variety of medical and biological applications, especially in developing diagnostic platforms for rapid and accurate detection of viral diseases. This review addresses advances of microneedles, microchip‐based integrated platforms, and nano‐ and microparticles for sampling, sample processing, enrichment, amplification, and detection of viral particles and antigens related to the diagnosis of viral diseases. Additionally, methods for the fabrication of microchip‐based devices and commercially used devices are described. Finally, challenges and prospects on the development of micro and nanotechnologies for the early diagnosis of viral diseases are highlighted.
Development of Perovskite Oxide‐Based Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Liu Dong , Zhou Pengfei , Bai Haoyun , Ai Haoqiang , Du Xinyu , Chen Mingpeng , Liu Di , Ip Weng Fai , Lo Kin Ho , Kwok Chi Tat , Chen Shi , Wang Shuangpeng , Xing Guichuan , Wang Xuesen , Pan Hui 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPerovskite oxides are studied as electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reactions (OER) because of their low cost, tunable structure, high stability, and good catalytic activity. However, there are two main challenges for most perovskite oxides to be efficient in OER, namely less active sites and low electrical conductivity, leading to limited catalytic performance. To overcome these intrinsic obstacles, various strategies are developed to enhance their catalytic activities in OER. In this review, the recent developments of these strategies is comprehensively summarized and systematically discussed, including composition engineering, crystal facet control, morphology modulation, defect engineering, and hybridization. Finally, perspectives on the design of perovskite oxide‐based electrocatalysts for practical applications in OER are given.