bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimisation of cutting fluid concentration and operating parameters based on RSM for turning Ti–6Al–4V
Authors: Gariani Salah , El-Sayed Mahmoud Ahmed , Shyha Islam 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe paper details experimental and optimisation results for the effect of cutting fluid concentration and operating parameters on the average surface roughness (Ra) and tool flank wear (VB) when flooded turning of Ti-6Al-4V using water-miscible vegetable oil-based cutting fluid. Cutting fluid concentration, cutting speed, feed rate, and cutting tool were the control variables. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to develop an experimental design and optimise Ra and VBusing linear models. The study revealed that cutting fluid concentration has a little influence on Ra and VBperformance, while Ra was strongly affected by feed rate and cutting tool type. The developed empirical model also suggested that the best parameters setting to minimise Ra and VBare 5%, 58 m/min and 0.1 mm/rev for cutting fluid concentration, cutting speed, and feed rate, respectively, using H13A tool. At this setting, the predicted surface roughness and tool wear were 0.48 and 30 μm, respectively. In the same vein, tool life and micro-hardness tests were performed at the suggested optimum cutting condition with different cutting speeds. A notable decrease in tool life (82.3%) was obtained when a higher cutting speed was used.
Clinical effectiveness of virtual reality versus conventional clinic-based vestibular physical therapy on balance and function in active duty service members. A pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sessoms Pinata H. , Fraser John J. , Bodell Dawn M. , Haluch Kathrine S. , Markham Amanda E. , Brookfield Jacob S. , Jameson Jason , Gottshall Kim R. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractVirtual reality (VR) may be useful during rehabilitation of service members with persistent vestibular impairment following concussion. Thirty-eight active duty US military service members with persistent balance impairment resulting from concussion were randomized into three groups [Conventional Vestibular Physical Therapy (CVPT,n = 13), Virtual Reality Vestibular Physical Therapy (VRVPT,n = 12), and Hybrid Virtual Reality and Conventional Vestibular Physical Therapy (HybridVPT,n = 13)] and were treated twice weekly for 6 weeks. Changes in clinical measures such as Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale, Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), Functional Gait Assessment (FGA), and Sensory Organization Test (SOT) were assessed from pre-, mid-, and post-treatment scores. A significant main time effect was observed demonstrating clinical improvement over time (ABC:p < .001,η2p = .54; DHI:p < .001,η2p = .57; FGA:p < .001,η2p = .74; SOT:p < .001,η2p = .35). Both CVPT and HybridVPT groups demonstrated significant improvements in patient-reported confidence and function earlier in the treatment course (p < .005). FGA significantly and incrementally improved at each assessment time point in all treatment groups. The SOT significantly improved early in treatment in the CVPT group only and pre-to-post-treatment in the CVPT and VRVPT groups only. The HybridVPT group did not demonstrate any significant improvement with time in the instrumented SOT measure. In the comparison of pre-to-post-effects of VRVPT and HybridVPT effects compared to CVPT, there was no clear superiority or inferiority observed in either of the experimental treatments. This preliminary work shows initial efficacy of using VR-based therapy for concussed individuals allowing future work to personalize treatment that may improve adherence and engagement to therapy.
Design of New Carbon-Phenolic Ablators: Manufacturing, Plasma Wind Tunnel Tests and Finite Element Model Rebuilding
Authors: Paglia L. , Genova V. , Tirillò J. , Bartuli C. , Simone A. , Pulci G. , Marra F. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAblative materials represent a widespread solution for shielding space vehicles from overheating during a reentry phase in atmosphere where the high heating fluxes and the consequent high temperatures cannot be compatible with the vehicle structure and with the safety of the payload and/or the crew. In this work, two different kinds of carbon-phenolic ablators with a density of 0.3 g/cm3 were manufactured and their mechanical and thermal properties were experimentally evaluated. The thermal protection performances of the developed ablators were assessed in a hypersonic plasma wind tunnel facility, setting representative enthalpy and heat flux conditions (6 and 13 MW/m2), consistent with atmospheric reentry missions from high energy orbits. Data of the experimental tests were compared with the results obtained by a finite element model built up for these materials with the commercial software SAMCEF Amaryllis. All results enlighten the good performances of the ablators under severe heat flux conditions and outline their operating limits.
Algae-derived hard carbon anodes for Na-ion batteries
Authors: Gibertini Eugenio , Liberale Francesco , Dossi Carlo , Binda Gilberto , Mattioli Barbara , Bettinetti Roberta , Maspero Angelo , Fiore Michele , Ruffo Riccardo , Magagnin Luca 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this work, the production of low cost and environment friendly anodes for sodium ion batteries is investigated. Algae are selected as bio-source of non-graphitic Hard Carbon (HC) with open structure acting as intercalation active material for Na ions storage. Chlorella vulgaris algae were pyrolyzed at temperatures comprised between 800 and 1100 °C. The decomposition products have been characterized with Scanning Electrode Microscope (SEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analyses and their structure compared to one of the synthetic commercial HC. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) allowed to assess the decomposition process throughout the selected temperature scan. The obtained algae-derived HC is tested as anodic material for Na-ion battery, investigating the effect of pyrolysis temperature on the electrochemical behaviour. Their performances are compared with respect to a commercial synthetic HC active material. The results allow to consider algae as an environmentally benign and sustainable high added-value material for the production of HC anodes for Na-ion batteries.

Graphic abstract
Novel pollen analogue technique shows bumblebees display low floral constancy and prefer sites with high floral diversity
Authors: Martínez-Bauer Angélica Elizabeth , Chadwick Fergus J. , Westmoreland Aaron J. , Lander Tonya A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractContextThere have been dramatic global declines in pollinating insects. A common land management intervention to support wild pollinators is to plant non-crop flowering plants (‘pollinator planting’). However, there are limited data on which species or spatial arrangement of planting provide maximum benefit to wild pollinators.ObjectivesHere we investigate which flowering species and locations are visited by free-foragingBombus terrestris(buff-tailed bumblebees) in species-rich semi-natural grassland and woodland.MethodsTwo study nests of buff-tailed bumblebees were established in Wytham Woods, UK. Pollen analogue pigments were sprayed on open flowers in the study area over a period of two months, with unique colours used to identify separate sections of the study area. Pollen load analysis was used to identify forage species and foraging locations.ResultsBumblebees showed low flower constancy, visiting five flower species per trip on average, and as a group the sampled bumblebees visited 36 of the 49 plant species identified in study area surveys. Many individuals foraged in multiple, spatially-discrete locations during single trips.ConclusionsThe positive relationship between floral diversity and pollen load species diversity, and the positive relationship between site floral diversity and frequency of visitation, suggest behavioural strategies that maximize the diversity of flower species visited, in line with theenergetic costs and benefits hypothesis. This supports recommendations for pollinator plantings with high species diversity, potentially spread across many small forage areas across the landscape.
Individual, Familial and Social Environment Factors associated with Religiosity among Urban High School Students
Authors: Sârbu Emanuel-Adrian , Lazăr Florin , Popovici Alexandru-Filip 
Published: July 2021

Background Adolescence is a time when beliefs and values are developed and when the influences of the significant others take shape in the life of the future young adult and manifest themselves in affecting the level of religiosity. Apart from other factors, the relationship between adolescents and parents is essential for understanding the development of religiosity. Although numerous studies show an association between the religiosity of parents and adolescents’ beliefs and practices, there is a need for a deeper understanding of the mechanism of religious socialization within the family. Purpose This study seeks to explain how adolescents’ religious beliefs and participation relates to the religiosity of significant others, relationship with their parents and other individual factors such as gender and parents’ education and occupation. Methods As part of the Youth in Europe programe, a questionnaire-based study was conducted in 108 randomly selected classes from 84 high-schools in Bucharest, Romania. Data from 2604 respondents was used to identify the factors associated with religiosity at the individual, familial and social environment level of high school students. Results The main findings reveal that adolescents with better relationships with their parents are more religious in terms of religious beliefs and religious participation than those with lesser relationships. Girls show a higher level of individual religiosity than boys, but boys attend more often religious services. Furthermore, adolescents coming from families with lower socioeconomic status have higher scores on religious beliefs, but they score lower on religious participation. Conclusions and Implications Adolescents’ religiosity relates to/associates with many variables, being a dynamic process. Its understanding resides in studying the complexity of relationships that shape the development of religious belief and behavior.
Screening Tools for Mental Disorders Among Female Refugees: a Systematic Review
Authors: Donnelly Orla , Leavey Gerard 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFemale refugees are particularly vulnerable to mental disorders but assessment may be complex and challenging. Various screening tools have been developed for this population, but little is known about their usefulness. The main aim is to examine the literature on the effectiveness of screening tools for mental health problems among female refugees.Systematic review of PubMed, PsycINFO and Embase to locate all published work. Comprehensive search terms were used and inclusion and exclusion criteria were formulated.The initial search yielded 877 articles, of which 757 were removed after titles and abstracts were reviewed. Then, 121 full-text versions of articles were examined and 96 excluded according to the criteria. A total of 25 articles were included in this systematic review in accordance with the PRIMSA guidelines. Twenty screening tools were evaluated.There is a lack of tools used to screen refugee women, and in particular those in emergency settings. Cultural factors may not be accounted for in the development of screening instruments. Further research in this field can help inform public health policies to address social, educational and occupational inclusion for refugee women in different contexts.
Two-stage improved Grey Wolf optimization algorithm for feature selection on high-dimensional classification
Authors: Shen Chaonan , Zhang Kai 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn recent years, evolutionary algorithms have shown great advantages in the field of feature selection because of their simplicity and potential global search capability. However, most of the existing feature selection algorithms based on evolutionary computation are wrapper methods, which are computationally expensive, especially for high-dimensional biomedical data. To significantly reduce the computational cost, it is essential to study an effective evaluation method. In this paper, a two-stage improved gray wolf optimization (IGWO) algorithm for feature selection on high-dimensional data is proposed. In the first stage, a multilayer perceptron (MLP) network with group lasso regularization terms is first trained to construct an integer optimization problem using the proposed algorithm for pre-selection of features and optimization of the hidden layer structure. The dataset is compressed using the feature subset obtained in the first stage. In the second stage, a multilayer perceptron network with group lasso regularization terms is retrained using the compressed dataset, and the proposed algorithm is employed to construct the discrete optimization problem for feature selection. Meanwhile, a rapid evaluation strategy is constructed to mitigate the evaluation cost and improve the evaluation efficiency in the feature selection process. The effectiveness of the algorithm was analyzed on ten gene expression datasets. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm not only removes almost more than 95.7% of the features in all datasets, but also has better classification accuracy on the test set. In addition, the advantages of the proposed algorithm in terms of time consumption, classification accuracy and feature subset size become more and more prominent as the dimensionality of the feature selection problem increases. This indicates that the proposed algorithm is particularly suitable for solving high-dimensional feature selection problems.
A Chromosome-Level Genome Assembly of Wild Castor Provides New Insights into its Adaptive Evolution in Tropical Desert
Authors: Lu Jianjun , Pan Cheng , Fan Wei , Liu Wanfei , Zhao Huayan , Li Donghai , Wang Sen , Hu Lianlian , He Bing , Qian Kun , Qin Rui , Ruan Jue , Lin Qiang , Lü Shiyou , Cui Peng 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Wild castor grows in the high-altitude tropical desert of the African Plateau, a region known for high ultraviolet radiation, strong light, and extremely dry condition. To investigate the potential genetic basis of adaptation to both highland and tropical deserts, we generated a chromosome-level genome sequence assembly of the wild castor accession WT05, with a genome size of 316 Mb, a scaffold N50 of 31.93 Mb, and a contig N50 of 8.96 Mb, respectively. Compared with cultivated castor and other Euphorbiaceae species, the wild castor exhibits positive selection and gene family expansion for genes involved in DNA repair, photosynthesis, and abiotic stress responses. Genetic variations associated with positive selection were identified in several key genes, such as LIG1, DDB2, and RECG1, involved in nucleotide excision repair. Moreover, a study of genomic diversity among wild and cultivated accessions revealed genomic regions containing selection signatures associated with the adaptation to extreme environments. The identification of the genes and alleles with selection signatures provides insights into the genetic mechanisms underlying the adaptation of wild castor to the high-altitude tropical desert and would facilitate direct improvement of modern castor varieties.
Creating an amateur press corps of graduate students and postdoctoral fellows to cover breaking science and improve lay-writing skills
Authors: McGhee Kimberly , Loucks Tammy , Champlin Sheila , Greseth Matthew , Traktman Paula 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The Science Writing Initiative for Trainees is a science communications internship program for biomedical graduate students and postdoctoral fellows at the Medical University of South Carolina. Interns serve as an amateur press corps, writing news stories and press releases about recent high-impact research articles. Since 2016, 25 interns have written more than 100 EurekAlert! press releases that have received more than a half million views. Interns learn to explain science across the translational spectrum and to convey findings in plain language to a lay audience, serving as ambassadors for science.
Rethinking Rape Culture: Revelations of Intersectional Analysis
Authors: KESSEL ALISA 
Published: July 2021

Mainstream feminist discourse typically defines rape culture as the normalization of aggressive male sexual violence against women, a definition that emerged out of radical feminist analysis of patriarchy in the 1970s but that does not reflect the intersectionality of sexual violence. I argue that conceptual analysis of rape culture must explore other dimensions of power in addition to patriarchy, such as white supremacy, heteronormativity, and capitalist exploitation. An intersectional analysis reveals how myths, discourses, and practices of rape culture sustain white male control over all subordinates of white heteropatriarchy by evolving and expanding to apply to any group that threatens white heteropatriarchal control. This essay traces the emergence of the idea of rape culture in the United States, offers an alternative intersectional account of rape culture, and uses this alternative account to analyze a 2013–14 news story involving Florida State University student and football player Jameis Winston and Florida State University student Erica Kinsman.
Which anthropometric measurement is better for predicting survival of patients with cancer cachexia?
Authors: Ge Yi-Zhong , Ruan Guo-Tian , Zhang Kang-Ping , Tang Meng , Zhang Qi , Zhang Xi , Song Meng-Meng , Zhang Xiao-Wei , Yang Ming , Shen Xian , Xu Hong-Xia , Song Chun-Hua , Wang Chang , Shi Han-Ping 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNo relevant studies have yet been conducted to explore which measurement can best predict the survival time of patients with cancer cachexia. This study aimed to identify an anthropometric measurement that could predict the 1-year survival of patients with cancer cachexia. We conducted a nested case–control study using data from a multicentre clinical investigation of cancer from 2013 to 2020. Cachexia was defined using the Fearon criteria. A total of 262 patients who survived less than 1 year and 262 patients who survived more than 1 year were included in this study. Six candidate variables were selected based on clinical experience and previous studies. Five variables, BMI, mid-arm circumference, mid-arm muscle circumference, calf circumference and triceps skin fold (TSF), were selected for inclusion in the multivariable model. In the conditional logistic regression analysis, TSF (P = 0·014) was identified as a significant independent protective factor. A similar result was observed in all patients with cancer cachexia (n 3084). In addition, a significantly stronger positive association between TSF and the 1-year survival of patients with cancer cachexia was observed in participants aged > 65 years (OR: 0·94; 95 % CI 0·89, 0·99) than in those aged ≤ 65 years (OR: 0·96; 95 % CI 0·93, 0·99; Pinteraction = 0·013) and in participants with no chronic disease (OR: 0·92; 95 % CI 0·87, 0·97) than in those with chronic disease (OR: 0·97; 95 % CI 0·94, 1·00; Pinteraction = 0·049). According to this study, TSF might be a good anthropometric measurement for predicting 1-year survival in patients with cancer cachexia.
Hyperemesis gravidarum and vitamin K deficiency: a systematic review
Authors: Nijsten Kelly , van der Minnen Loïs , Wiegers Hanke M.G. , Koot Marjette H. , Middeldorp Saskia , Roseboom Tessa J. , Grooten Iris J. , Painter Rebecca C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHyperemesis gravidarum (HG), severe nausea and vomiting in pregnancy, can lead to vitamin deficiencies. Little is known about HG-related vitamin K deficiency. We aimed to summarise available evidence on the occurrence of HG-related vitamin K deficiency and corresponding maternal and neonatal complications. A systematic review was conducted, searching Medline and EMBASE from inception to 12 November 2020. We identified 1564 articles, of which we included fifteen in this study: fourteen case reports (n21 women) and one retrospective cohort study (n109 women). Nine out of twenty-one women reported in case reports had a prolonged prothrombin time (PT). The cohort study measured PT in 39/109 women with HG, of whom 10/39 women (26 %) had prolonged PT. In total, 30–50 % women received vitamin K supplementation after vitamin K deficiency had been diagnosed. Four case reports (n4 women) reported corresponding maternal complications, all consisting of coagulopathy-related haemorrhage. Nine case reports (n16 neonates) reported corresponding neonatal complications including intracranial haemorrhage (n2 neonates) and embryopathy (n14 neonates), which consisted of Binder phenotype (n14 neonates), chondrodysplasia punctata (n9 neonates) and grey matter heterotopia (n3 neonates). In conclusion, vitamin K deficiency and related complications occur among women with HG. In our systematic review, we were unable to assess the incidence rate.
TOPOLOGY OF 1-PARAMETER DEFORMATIONS OF NON-ISOLATED REAL SINGULARITIES
Authors: DUTERTRE NICOLAS , MOYA PÉREZ JUAN ANTONIO 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLet
$f\,{:}\,(\mathbb R^n,0)\to (\mathbb R,0)$
be an analytic function germ with non-isolated singularities and let
$F\,{:}\, (\mathbb{R}^{1+n},0) \to (\mathbb{R},0)$
be a 1-parameter deformation of f. Let
$ f_t ^{-1}(0) \cap B_\epsilon^n$
,
$0 < \vert t \vert \ll \epsilon$
, be the “generalized” Milnor fiber of the deformation F. Under some conditions on F, we give a topological degree formula for the Euler characteristic of this fiber. This generalizes a result of Fukui.
Clients’ perceptions of the quality of post-abortion care in eight health facilities in Dakar, Senegal
Authors: Baynes Colin , Diadhiou Mohamed , Lusiola Grace , O’Connell Kate , Dieng Thierno 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPost-abortion care (PAC) integrates elements that are vital for women’s survival after abortion complications and their ability to meet their subsequent fertility intentions. Currently, the utilization of PAC among women in need remains too low, particularly in settings where unsafe abortion is an appreciable cause of maternal mortality. Interventions have aimed at addressing unmet need; however, these still require information on the extent to which women value different aspects of PAC. This paper presents such evidence from Dakar, Senegal. Exit interviews with 729 PAC clients in 2018 at eight health facilities obtained information on patient characteristics, content of services received and women’s perceptions of the quality of care, both overall and according to subject-specific domains. These domains reflect aspects of PAC that are relevant to clients’ satisfaction: accessibility, facility environment, information and counselling, family planning, provider technical competence and readiness and client–staff interaction. Ordinal logistic regression models were estimated to identify factors that were associated with women’s rating of overall quality of care (on a scale of 1 to 5, 1 being lowest). Predictors that were significantly associated with the outcome were used in a multivariate ordinal logistic regression model that estimated the probability of positive differences in the outcome associated with women’s classification of each predictor. Women reported a mean rating of 3.7 for overall quality of care. The lowest domain-specific rating was for quality of information and counselling (mean=2.4) and the highest was for client–staff interaction (mean=3.8). Factors associated with clients’ higher odds of being more satisfied with PAC were: physical comfort during the procedure, recall of counselling on treatment procedure, privacy, perceived availability of supplies and medicines, facility admission process, facility cleanliness, waiting time, clarity of counselling and access to different contraceptive methods. Interventions that target these factors may improve the utilization of PAC in Dakar, Senegal.