bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive Comparison Between Geriatric and Nongeriatric Patients With Trauma
Authors: Lin Pei-Chen , Wu Nan-Chun , Su Hsiu-Chen , Hsu Chien-Chin , Chen Kuo-Tai 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose:The incidence of geriatric trauma is increasing due to the growing elderly population. Healthcare providers require a global perspective to differentiate critical factors that might alter patients’ prognosis.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all adult patients admitted to a trauma center during a 4-year period. We identified 655 adult trauma patients aged from 18 to 64 (nongeriatric group) and 273 trauma patients ≥65 years (geriatric group). Clinical data were collected and compared between the two groups. Results:The geriatric group had a higher incidence of trauma and higher Injury Severity Scores than did the nongeriatric group. Fewer geriatric patients underwent surgical treatment (all patients: geriatric vs. nongeriatric: 65.9% vs. 70.7%; patients with severe trauma: geriatric vs. nongeriatric: 27.6% vs. 44.5%). Regarding prognosis, the geriatric group exhibited higher mortality rate and less need for long-term care (geriatric vs. nongeriatric: mortality: 5.5% vs. 1.8%; long-term care: 2.2% vs. 5.0%). Conclusion:We observed that geriatric patients had higher trauma incidence and higher trauma mortality rate. Aging is a definite predictor of poor outcomes for trauma patients. Limited physiological reserves and preference for less aggressive treatment might be the main reasons for poor outcomes in elderly individuals.
High-Fidelity Control of Spin Ensemble Dynamics via Artificial Intelligence: From Quantum Computing to Imaging
Authors: Manu V.S. , Pavuluri KowsalyaDevi , Mullen Michael , Garwood Michael , Veglia Gianluigi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
High-fidelity control of spin ensemble dynamics is essential to many fields, spanning from quantum computing to optical, coherent, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and imaging (MRI). However, attaining robust and high-fidelity quantum spin operations remains an unmet challenge. Using a combination of an evolutionary algorithm and artificial intelligence, we designed time-optimal, radio frequency (RF) pulses with tunable spatial or temporal field inhomogeneity compensation and fidelity for unitary operations up to 0.9999. As a benchmark, we constructed a spin entanglement operator and a programmable quantum state creator for a weakly-coupled two-spin-1/2 system. We achieved high-fidelity transformations under multiple inhomogeneity sources. The newly designed RF pulses are more robust and less prone to imperfection than the commonly used shapes for basic liquid-state NMR experiments and reduce RF artifacts in MRI. This new strategy will enable the design of efficient quantum computing opera-tors as well as new spectroscopic and imaging techniques.
Spike-Directed Vaccination Elicits Robust Spike-Specific T cell Responses Including to Mutant Strains
Authors: Stanojevic Maja , Geiger Ashley , Ostermeier Brita , Sohai Danielle , Lazarski Christopher , Lang Haili , Jensen-Wachspress Mariah , Webber Kathleen , Burbelo Peter , Cohen Jeffrey , Keller Michael , Bollard Catherine , Cruz Conrad Russell 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
While most studies describing COVID-19 vaccine responses have focused on antibodies, there is increasing evidence that T cells play a critical role. Here we evaluated T cell responses in seronegative donors before and after vaccination to define responses to SARS-CoV-2 reference strain, as well as to mutations in the variant strains B.1.1.7 and B.1.351. We observed enhanced T cell responses to reference and variant Spike strains post vaccination.
Pharmacokinetics and Diuretic Effect of Furosemide after Single Intravenous, Oral Tablet, and Newly Developed Oral Disintegrating Film Administration in Healthy Beagle Dogs
Authors: Koh Suk-kyu , Jeong Jong-Woo , Choi Seo-In , Kim Rae-Man , Koo Tae-Sung , Cho Kwang-Hyung , Seo Kyoung-Won 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Furosemide, a diuretic that acts on the loop of Henle, is commonly used to treat congestive heart failure in veterinary medicine. Some owners have difficulty in administering oral tablet medication to animal patients, which leads to noncompliance, especially during long-term administration. The oral disintegrating film (ODF) has the advantages of easy administration via a non-invasive route, rapid dissolution, and low suffocating risk. The objective of this study was to research the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) profiles of furosemide after intravenous (IV), orally uncoated tablet (OUT), and newly developed ODF administration in healthy beagle dogs. In this study, a furosemide-loaded ODF (FS-ODF) formulation was developed and five beagle dogs were administered a single dose (2 mg/kg) of furosemide via each route using a cross-over design.Results: The most suitable film-forming agent was sodium alginate; thus, this was used to develop an ODF for easy drug administration. No significant differences were detected in the PK profiles between OUT and FS-ODF. The maximum plasma concentration of furosemide was higher and the elimination half-life and time at maximum concentration were slightly lower after FS-ODF administration than after OUT administration. In the blood profiles, the concentration of total protein was significantly increased compared to the baseline (0 h), whereas no significant difference was detected in the concentration of creatinine and hematocrit compared to the baseline. FS-ODF resulted in a similar hourly urinary output to OUT during the initial 2 h after administration. The urine specific gravity was significantly decreased compared to the baseline in each group. The peak times of urine electrolyte (sodium and chloride) excretion per hour were 1 h (IV), 2 h (OUT), and 2 h (FS-ODF). Conclusions: These results suggest that the PK/PD of furosemide after administration of newly developed FS-ODF are similar to those of OUT in healthy dogs. Therefore, the ODF formulation has the benefits of ease and convenience, which would be helpful to owners of companion animals, such as small dogs (<10 kg) or cats, for the management of congestive heart failure.
Impact of Rainfall Spatiotemporal Variability and Model Structures on Flood Simulation in Semi-Arid Regions
Authors: Liu Yuhuan , Li Zhijia , Liu Zhiyu , Luo Yun 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The spatiotemporal heterogeneity in precipitation and underlying surfaces and hybrid runoff generation mechanism make hydrological modelling and forecasting in semi-arid regions becoming a challenge work. Therefore, to provide a reference for the development of hydrological models in such regions, two nested hydrological experimental watersheds in semi-arid regions were selected for attribution analysis. Based on the concept of large-sample hydrology, Large-scale numerical simulation experiments were performed by constructing different spatial and temporal scale rainfall schemes and combining three hydrological models with different runoff generation mechanisms. Finally, the influences of the time step, station density, and model structure on the flood simulations in semi-arid regions were evaluated. The spatial interpolation technique was used simultaneously to describe the high-dimensional complicated nonlinear relationships between the influencing factors and simulation results. The results show the following: ① the flood simulation accuracy was more sensitive to the time step than the spatial station density of the rainfall schemes and was highly dependent on the time step of the original observation data; and ② compared with the accuracy of the rainfall schemes, the model structure plays a dominant role in flood simulation accuracy. Thus, the hybrid model has significant potential for flood forecasting in semi-arid regions by combining different runoff generation mechanisms. ③ The spatial interpolation technique based on the k-nearest neighbour algorithm can construct a high-dimensional distribution of the influencing factors, yield high model simulation accuracy, and describe the complicated relationships among the time step, station density, model structure, and simulations.
Postoperative Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy Plus Apatinib for First-line Treatment of Patients with Malignant Glioma: From One Single Research Institute
Authors: FU Zhichao , Li Xiaoyan , YING Wenmin , CAI lvjuan , LI Guo , LUO Huachun , WANG Xinpeng , WU Mengjing , FENG Jing 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objective: To explore the effectiveness and safety of apatinib in patients with malignant glioma. Methods: This is a retrospective case-control study in a single center. Patients with new postoperative pathological diagnosis of malignant glioma (WHO Ⅲ~Ⅳ) were selected. Enrolled patients received concurrent chemoradiotherapy (60Gy/30f/6w; TMZ75mg/m2,po,d1-d42)combined with or without apatinib (250mg, po, d1-d42,qd), then maintain 6 cycles(28 days a cycle)of TMZ chemotherapy(200mg/m2, d1-d5) .The primary endpoints were progression free survival (PFS) and the grade of peritumoral brain edema (PTBE) evaluated by edema index(EI). The secondary endpoint was overall survival(OS). Hazard ratios of PFS and OS were compared between trials in a Cox proportional hazards model.Results: 48 patients (24 in apatinib group and 24 in control group) were enrolled in this study. The results elucidated that the mPFS of the apatinib group was longer than control group, but the difference was not statistically significant(9.63 vs. 7.33 months; P=0.073).As for mOS, the results of two groups were almost similar.(15.47 vs. 14.70 months, P=0.612). Cox multivariate regression model revealed that Apatinib was not a prognostic factor for PFS and OS (P>0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that tumor grade was an important risk factor for PFS and OS.The grade of PTBE was improved in 15 of 23 patients (65.2%) in apatinib group versus 6 of 24 (25%) in control group. There was no grade 3 or 4 adverse events and serious adverse events.Conclusion: Apatinib group can improve mPFS by 2.3 months in patients with malignant glioma,but there was no statistical significance (P>0.05).The results also indicated that apatinib conferred a significant beneficial effect on PTBE improvement. All occurred adverse reactions were moderate and controllable.
Growth and Survival of Satellite Glial Cells in Different Culture Supplementations
Authors: Wei Na , Liu Ya-Ping , Wang Rui-Rui , Wang Xiao-Liang , Yang Yan , He Ting , Wang Huan , Yu Yao-Qing 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: In dorsal root ganglion (DRG), satellite glial cells (SGCs) tightly surrounded neurons and modulated microenvironment and sensory transmission. However, the biological properties of primary SGCs in culture were not fully understood. In the present study, we provided a method to harvest abundant and high-purity SGCs from neonatal rats. Three supplementations containing Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM)/F12, DMEM high glucose (HG) and Neurobasal-A (NB) were used to evaluate SGCs growth and survival in culture. Results: CCK-8 proliferation assay showed the increased proliferation in DMEM/F12 and DMEM/HG, but not in NB medium. NB medium caused cell death indicated by Bax, AnnexinV and PI staining. Glutamine was the major nutrition source for SGCs in culture and its exogenous application improved the poor proliferation and severe cell death in NB medium. SGCs markers GS and GFAP were similar in three supplementations and intensively expressed in culture. Differently, GS but not GFAP was remarkable in the intact DRG under normal condition. Conclusions: These results suggested that SGCs growth in culture depended on time and culture supplementation and DMEM/F12 medium was recommended to get high-purity SGCs. Glutamine was the major nutrition and the key molecule to maintain cell growth and survival in culture. Our study shed a new light on understanding the biological property and modulation of glial cells in the peripheral sensory ganglia.
Impact of geomorphometric parameters on landslide occurrence and distribution in Yamuna River Basin, North-Western Himalaya, India
Authors: Shankar Ravi , Satyam Gyan Prakash , Singh Prakash Kumar , Paswan Ranjeet Kumar 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Landscape evolution is a dynamic process controlled by several geomorphic parameters along with geology, tectonics and climatic condition of the area. The Himalayan mountain belt is highly geodynamic with immature topography which offer one of the best places to study the impact of geomorphotectonic characteristics on the occurrence and distribution of landslides along with tectonically modified geomorphic features. The morphotectonic study of the drainage basin is extensively utilized to analyze the landscape evolution in the study area along with impact of neotectonic activity in landscape evolution. The study shows that the Yamuna River, originating from the mighty Himalayas, flows downslope by adjusting its course due to ongoing tectonic activities, underlying structures, and climatic factors. Active tectonics play important role in modifying the landscape and impacting the occurrence and distribution of landslides. The characteristics of rainfall induced landslides have been studied in relation to morphotectonic parameters. The analysis shows that the probability density of landslides was highest in the range of 25o-30o and that landslide size increased up to 20o-25o slope angle, decreasing on further increase in slope angle. The study also shows that slope angle merely controls number of landslides rather than size of the landslides. Landslides were mostly restricted to South facing slopes. About 91% of the landslide occur in the drainage density range of 1.2 to 2.1 km/km2 while landslides show very low occurrence in either lower (< 1.2) or higher (> 2.1) drainage density. The present analysis can be very helpful in landslide risk reduction and landslide hazard zonation and probably to plan critical locations for installation of early warning signals.
Whole Exome Sequencing in Patients With Ossification of the Spinal Ligaments
Authors: Zhai Jiliang , Li Jiahao , Zhao Yu , Wei Xing 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
The clinical presentations of ossification of spinal ligament (OSL) are majorly myelopathy and/or radiculopathy, with serious neurological pathology resulting in paralysis of extremities and disturbances of motility (motor function) lowering the quality of life. Currently, studies find that missense single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) play a vital role in the susceptibility for complex diseases.
Methods
In the present study, we used whole exome sequencing (WES) method to explore variants in exomes and found out novel potential responsible genes for OSL. Genomic DNA was extracted from ligamentum flavum collected from 5 OSL patients and 5 control patients. Whole-exome sequencing was then performed, while variation forecasts and conservation examination were subsequently assessed.
Results
8 common SNP variants were exhibited in all 5 subjects of OSL, presented in the genes of GRHL2, CUL3, WHAMM, IL17RD, POM121L12, SLC26A8 and PTPN23. After screened with numbers of samples and additional screenings with deleterious Polyphen2_HDIV_score, Polyphen2_HVAR_score and SIFT, 4 common SNP variants were displayed in 4 subjects of OSL, presented in the genes of KRT84, KIF1B, NRAP and CETN1. 7 common SNP variants were existed in 3 subjects of OSL, presented in the genes of CCT3, ANLN, ESRRB, SRBD1, ODF3L1, BRAT1 and RBP3.
Conclusion
We found out novel potential variants in several genes, especially WHAMM, KIF1B and ESRRB, which represented potentially pathogenic mutations in patients with OSL.
The spatiotemporal evolution of cities from the ancient state period to the kingdom period in the Central Plains region, China
Authors: Yan Lijie , Yang Ruixia , Lu Peng , Teng Fei , Wang Xia , Zhang Li , Chen Panpan , Li Xiang , Guo Lanbo , Zhao Dong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The Central Plains region in China has been an important area for human settlement since ancient times. As the only continuous civilization over thousands of years in the world, the Central Plains Civilization is the origin of the Chinese nation. The number, size, and distribution of cities have changed greatly from the ancient state period (i.e. the Yangshao and Longshan periods) to the kingdom period (i.e. the Xia and Shang Dynasties), which reflects the evolution of settlement and social organization. In this study, GIS technology was used to establish the city spatial database for the periods that witnessed the transition from ancient states to the kingdom, including the Yangshao period, the Longshan period, and the Xia and Shang Dynasties. Moreover, the nearest neighbor distance analysis and the gravity center analysis were implemented to explore the possible factors that were considered in the city site selection, including altitude and distances to nearest rivers. Furthermore, efforts were made to investigate the spatiotemporal evolution of the shape, size, agglomeration, and varying gravity center of cities as well as the spatiotemporal evolution of moats. The results show that: (1) Most city sites were distributed in areas with altitudes of < 500 m above sea level and distances of less than 3 km away from rivers during all three periods. (2) From the Yangshao period to the Xia and Shang Dynasties, the shape of the city gradually changed from circular to square, and the type of moats changed from trenches in the Yangshao period to city walls in the Longshan period and no walls in Xia and Shang Dynasties. (3) The size and grade of the 18 cities in the Yangshao period shared high similarity, with an average area of 20 hectares. In comparison, the sizes of 24 cities in the Longshan period increased significantly, with an average of 39 hectares. During the Xia and Shang Dynasties, there were 22 cities with an average size of 340 hectares, and the grade of sizes became obvious, marking the entrance into the centralized kingdom period. (4) Cities were scattered in the decentralized pattern during the ancient state periods (i.e. Yangshao and Longshan periods), whereas they became agglomerative in the kingdom period (i.e. Xia and Shang Dynasties). This reflects the evolution of the spatial scopes and social organizational forms. (5) From ancient states to the kingdom, the city center moved around Songshan Mountain from the northwest to the southeast and again to the northeast.
Effects of Linear and Non-periodized Combined Training on Health-related Quality of Life of Adults With Obesity: a Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Tozetto Willen Remon , Leonel Larissa dos Santos , Turnes Tiago , Duca Giovani Firpo Del 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is impaired by obesity and can be improved by combined training, even the effects of training periodization on HRQoL are not clear. The study aimed to compare combined training with the non-periodized and the linear periodization on HRQoL of obese adults.Methods: This is a blinded, controlled clinical trial involving adults with obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²), randomized into control (CG), non-periodized (NG) and linear periodization (PG) group. Three times a week for 16 weeks, NG and PG performed combined training for 60 minutes. The NG performed aerobic exercises between 50-59% of the reserve heart rate (HRres) and strength at 10-12 maximum repetitions (MR). The PG started with 40-49% of HRres and 12-14 MRs and progressively increased the intensity (50-59% and 10-12 MRs; 60-69% and 8-10 MRs) with total volume equalized with NG. HRQoL was investigated through the SF-36 questionnaire, according to its components and domains. In statistics, Generalized Estimation Equations and mean differences (∆) were used.Results: Of the 69 participants (23 in each group), 36 completed the intervention (CG=13, NG=9 and PG=14). A significant difference was observed in time of physical function, with superiority in training groups (CG:∆=1.2 vs NG and PG, respectively: ∆=10.0). The mental component and mental health domain showed a significant difference for NG (∆=30.2 and ∆=23.1, respectively).Conclusion: The combined training was able to bring benefits to the physical functioning of adults with obesity and, specifically, the non-periodized training improved mental health indicators effectively.Name of the registry: Effects of different types of Aerobic Exercise and Weight Training protocols combined on adult health indicators with Obesity.Trial registration number: RBR-3c7rt3Date of registration: 07/02/2018URL of trial registry record: https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-3c7rt3
Downregulation of the long non-coding RNA MEG3 promotes osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and bone repairing by activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway
Authors: Liu Juan , Qi Xin , Miao Hong-Sheng , Xue Zi-Chao , Zhao San-Hu , Gao Guo-Yi , Lou Mei-Qing , Yi Cheng-Qing 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Previous studies have demonstrated long non-coding RNA maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) emerged as a key regulator in development and tumorigenesis. However, whether MEG3 participate in osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the function and mechanism of MEG3 in osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), and explores the use of MEG3 in skull defects bone repairing. Methods: Endogenous expression of MEG3 during BMSCs osteogenic differentiation were detected by qPCR. MEG3 was knockdown in BMSCs by lentivirus. The proliferation, osteogenic-related genes and proteins expression were assessed by the CCK-8, PCR, alizarin red and alkaline phosphatase staining in MEG3 knockdown BMSCs. Western blot was used to detected β-catenin expression in MEG3 knockdown BMSCs. DKK1 was used to block wnt/β-catenin pathway, the osteogenic-related genes and proteins expression were assessed by PCR, alizarin red and alkaline phosphatase staining in MEG3 knockdown BMSCs. MEG3 knockdown BMSCs scaffold with PHMG were implanted in a critical-sized skull defects of rat model, micro-CT, hematoxylin and eosin staining, and immunohistochemistry were performed to evaluate the bone repairing. Results: MEG3 was increased during osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Downregulation of MEG3 could promote osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs in vitro. Notably, a further mechanism study revealed MEG3 knockdown could activate Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in BMSCs. Wnt/β-catenin inhibition would impair MEG3-induced osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. By using PHMG scaffold with MEG3 knockdown BMSCs, we found that downregulation of MEG3 in BMSCs could accelerated bone repairing in a critical-sized skull defects rat model. Conclusions: Our study reveals the important role of MEG3 during osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration. Thus, MEG3 engineered BMSCs may be effective potential therapeutic targets for skull defects.