bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sport Contact Level Affects Post-Concussion Neurocognitive Performance in Young Athletes
Authors: Li Adam Y , Schupper Alexander J , Quinones Addison , Shuman William H , Ali Muhammad , Hannah Theodore C , Durbin John R , Dreher Nickolas , Spiera Zachary , Marayati Naoum Fares , Gometz Alex , Lovell Mark R , Choudhri Tanvir F 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objective
Contact level affects the incidence of sports-related concussion. However, the effects of contact level on injury severity and recovery are less clear and are the focus of this study.

Method
Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) for athletes aged 12–22 was performed at baseline (n = 10,907 for 7,058 athletes), after suspected concussion determined by physicians or athletic trainers (n = 5,062 for 4,419 athletes), and during follow-up visits (n = 3,264 for 2,098 athletes). Athletes played contact/collision (CC), limited contact (LC), and noncontact (NC) sports. Injury incidence, severity, and recovery were measured using raw and change from baseline neurocognitive test scores. Comparisons between groups used univariate analysis and multivariable regression controlling for demographic variables.

Results
Compared to CC athletes, LC and NC athletes showed decreased suspected concussion incidence. At initial post-injury testing, all neurocognitive test scores were similar between groups except changes from baseline for processing speed were improved for LC compared to CC athletes. Upon follow-up testing, raw neurocognitive scores were better for NC compared to the contact collision athletes in verbal memory, processing speed, total symptom score, migraine cluster, cognitive cluster, and neuropsychiatric cluster scores. For change from baseline scores, LC athletes exhibited better performance on verbal memory, processing speed, and reaction time but also showed higher neuropsychiatric scores than CC athletes.

Conclusion
Neurocognitive scores between contact levels were similar at the first post-injury test. However, follow up showed many improved scores and symptoms for limited and NC sports compared to CC sports, which may indicate faster recovery.
Characterization of a GlgC homolog from extremely halophilic archaeon Haloarcula japonica
Authors: Sueda Rin , Yoshida Kento , Onodera Masahiko , Fukui Toshiaki , Yatsunami Rie , Nakamura Satoshi 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
Glycogen synthesis in bacteria is mainly organized by the products of glgB, glgC, and glgA genes comprising the widely known glg operon. On the genome of extremely halophilic archaeon Haloarcula japonica, there was a gene cluster analogous to the bacterial glg operon. In this study, we focused on a GlgC homolog of Ha. japonica, and its recombinant enzyme was prepared and characterized. The enzyme showed highest activity toward GTP and glucose-1-phosphate as substrates in the presence of 2.6 m KCl and predicted to be work as “GDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase” in Ha. japonica.
Probabilistic thermodynamic analysis of metabolic networks
Authors: Gollub Mattia G , Kaltenbach Hans-Michael , Stelling Jörg 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Motivation
Random sampling of metabolic fluxes can provide a comprehensive description of the capabilities of a metabolic network. However, current sampling approaches do not model thermodynamics explicitly, leading to inaccurate predictions of an organism’s potential or actual metabolic operations.

Results
We present a probabilistic framework combining thermodynamic quantities with steady-state flux constraints to analyze the properties of a metabolic network. It includes methods for probabilistic metabolic optimization and for joint sampling of thermodynamic and flux spaces. Applied to a model of Escherichia coli, we use the methods to reveal known and novel mechanisms of substrate channeling, and to accurately predict reaction directions and metabolite concentrations. Interestingly, predicted flux distributions are multimodal, leading to discrete hypotheses on E.coli’s metabolic capabilities.

Availability and implementation
Python and MATLAB packages available at https://gitlab.com/csb.ethz/pta.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Frequency-Dependent Cortical Interactions during Semantic Processing: An Electrocorticogram Cross-spectrum Analysis Using a Semantic Space Model
Authors: Sato Naoyuki , Matsumoto Riki , Shimotake Akihiro , Matsuhashi Masao , Otani Mayumi , Kikuchi Takayuki , Kunieda Takeharu , Mizuhara Hiroaki , Miyamoto Susumu , Takahashi Ryosuke , Ikeda Akio 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Convergent evidence has demonstrated that semantics are represented by the interaction between a multimodal semantic hub at the anterior temporal lobe (ATL) and other modality-specific association cortical areas. Electrocorticogram (ECoG) recording with high spatiotemporal resolutions is efficient in evaluating such cortical interactions; however, this has not been a focus of preceding studies. The present study evaluated cortical interactions during picture naming using a novel ECoG cross-spectrum analysis, which was formulated from a computational simulation of neuronal networks and combined with a vector space model of semantics. The results clarified three types of frequency-dependent cortical networks: 1) an earlier-period (0.2–0.8 s from stimulus onset) high-gamma-band (90–150 Hz) network with a hub at the posterior fusiform gyrus, 2) a later-period (0.4–1.0 s) beta-band (15–40 Hz) network with multiple hubs at the ventral ATL and posterior middle temporal gyrus, and 3) a pre-articulation theta-band (4–7 Hz) network distributed over widely located cortical regions. These results suggest that frequency-dependent cortical interactions can characterize the underlying processes of semantic cognition, and the beta-band network with a hub at the ventral ATL is especially associated with the formation of semantic representation.
Variegated capitalism, territoriality and the renewable energy transition: the case of the offshore wind industry in the Northeastern USA
Authors: Westgard-Cruice William , Aoyama Yuko 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Uneven development and the territoriality of renewable energy resources complicate prevailing theories of regional energy transitions. This article proposes a framework for the study of regional energy transitions informed by theories of variegated capitalism and geographical scholarship on the materiality and territoriality of energy. We make the case for this framework by demonstrating that the development of offshore wind energy in the Northeastern USA has been hindered by the (in)action of the US federal government, which can be explained in part by the economic importance of natural gas extraction in the underdeveloped, yet politically influential region of Northern Appalachia.
Cardiomyopathy in the peripartum period due to left ventricular non-compaction and association with Ebstein’s anomaly: a case report
Authors: Evans Emily , McDonald Mandy , Adamson Dawn L , Khan Jamal Nasir 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC) cardiomyopathy is a persistence of abnormal foetal myocardium and is a rare cause of cardiomyopathy in the peripartum period. Unlike other causes of peripartum cardiomyopathy which typically improve, LVNC has significant long-term personal and family implications and needs lifelong follow-up.

Case summary
We describe a unique case of a 30-year-old woman who developed cardiomyopathy in the peripartum period which was revealed on cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging to be due to occult LVNC. Our patient also had Ebstein’s anomaly, which is a known LVNC association.

Discussion
Cardiomyopathy in the peripartum period can be a decompensation of previously asymptomatic subclinical cardiomyopathy. It is important to assess for LVNC in patients presenting with this. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging is the gold-standard imaging modality and allows accurate diagnosis of LVNC, associated structural complications and rare associations such as Ebstein’s anomaly. Left ventricular non-compaction is irreversible and has implications for patients and their family members.
Cardiac arrest complicating cardiogenic shock: from pathophysiological insights to Impella-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a pheochromocytoma-induced Takotsubo cardiomyopathy—a case report
Authors: Zilio Filippo , Muraglia Simone , Bonmassari Roberto 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
A ‘catecholamine storm’ in a case of pheochromocytoma can lead to a transient left ventricular dysfunction similar to Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. A cardiogenic shock can thus develop, with high left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and a reduction in coronary perfusion pressure. This scenario can ultimately lead to a cardiac arrest, in which unloading the left ventricle with a peripheral left ventricular assist device (Impella®) could help in achieving the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC).

Case summary
A patient affected by Takotsubo cardiomyopathy caused by a pheochromocytoma presented with cardiogenic shock that finally evolved into refractory cardiac arrest. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation was performed but ROSC was achieved only after Impella® placement.

Discussion
In the clinical scenario of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy due to pheochromocytoma, when cardiogenic shock develops treatment is difficult because exogenous catecholamines, required to maintain organ perfusion, could exacerbate hypertension and deteriorate the cardiomyopathy. Moreover, as the coronary perfusion pressure is critically reduced, refractory cardiac arrest could develop. Although veno-arterial extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (va-ECMO) has been advocated as the treatment of choice for in-hospital refractory cardiac arrest, in the presence of left ventricular overload a device like Impella®, which carries fewer complications as compared to ECMO, could be effective in obtaining the ROSC by unloading the left ventricle.
Identification, detection and eradication ofHymenoscyphus fraxineusfrom ash (Fraxinus excelsior) seeds
Authors: van der Linde Sietse , Perez-Sierra Ana , Needham Robert H , Combes Matthew , McCartan Shelagh A 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO) real-time PCR protocol for the detection of ash dieback (Hymenoscyphus fraxineus (T. Kowalski) Barak, Queloz, Hosoya) was optimized for diagnostics on ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) fruits. Ash fruits were collected from a range of sites in Britain, from trees with various levels of infection. To assess the potential pathway and the presence of H. fraxineus, tissue components of ash fruits as well as ash flowers were tested for the presence of H. fraxineus DNA and RNA. The fungus was detected on ash fruits from trees on all five sampled sites including symptomless, lightly and highly infected sites. DNA of H. fraxineus was detected on the pericarps of all fruit lots and on seeds from fruit lots that included damaged and empty fruits, but not on embryos or flowers. RNA of H. fraxineus was never detected on any of the samples or sample types, indicating that H. fraxineus was only detected in an inactive form (i.e. dormant or dead). The absence of RNA from the pathogen suggests that only spores of H. fraxineus are present on ash fruits. A double hot-water treatment was evaluated as a control measure for the eradication of H. fraxineus on ash fruits; these were treated before and after warm stratification. Large proportions of ash fruits survived the double hot-water treatments, with a 60.4 ± 28.4 per cent germination success rate depending on crop year. Double hot-water treatment of ash fruits proved to be an efficient, low cost and low-tech approach for the eradication of H. fraxineus on ash fruits.
Two-dimensional Bayesian inversion of magnetotelluric data using trans-dimensional Gaussian processes
Authors: Blatter Daniel , Ray Anandaroop , Key Kerry 
Published: March 2021

SUMMARYBayesian inversion of electromagnetic data produces crucial uncertainty information on inferred subsurface resistivity. Due to their high computational cost, however, Bayesian inverse methods have largely been restricted to computationally expedient 1-D resistivity models. In this study, we successfully demonstrate, for the first time, a fully 2-D, trans-dimensional Bayesian inversion of magnetotelluric (MT) data. We render this problem tractable from a computational standpoint by using a stochastic interpolation algorithm known as a Gaussian process (GP) to achieve a parsimonious parametrization of the model vis-a-vis the dense parameter grids used in numerical forward modelling codes. The GP links a trans-dimensional, parallel tempered Markov chain Monte Carlo sampler, which explores the parsimonious model space, to MARE2DEM, an adaptive finite element forward solver. MARE2DEM computes the model response using a dense parameter mesh with resistivity assigned via the GP model. We demonstrate the new trans-dimensional GP sampler by inverting both synthetic and field MT data for 2-D models of electrical resistivity, with the field data example converging within 10 d on 148 cores, a non-negligible but tractable computational cost. For a field data inversion, our algorithm achieves a parameter reduction of over 32× compared to the fixed parameter grid used for the MARE2DEM regularized inversion. Resistivity probability distributions computed from the ensemble of models produced by the inversion yield credible intervals and interquartile plots that quantitatively show the non-linear 2-D uncertainty in model structure. This uncertainty could then be propagated to other physical properties that impact resistivity including bulk composition, porosity and pore-fluid content.
Match of the day: optimized experimental design in alternate-haul gear trials
Authors: Browne D , Minto C , McHugh M , Murphy S , Oliver M , Cosgrove R 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
European Union (EU) fishers need a range of gear options to comply with requirements under the landing obligation. Alternative fishing gears may be implemented provided equivalent selectivity can be demonstrated. Catch comparison is a valid method of testing the size selectivity of two or more fishing gears and simultaneous gear deployment helps minimize between-haul spatiotemporal variability in abundance. Non-simultaneous or alternate-haul deployments are generally required for single-rig trawls or seines nets. In those gears, matching consecutive test and control hauls helps minimize such variability. Random-haul matching strategies have also been employed where consecutive deployments are not logistically possible. Here, we investigated the effects of different matching methodologies by simulating a range of stylized scenarios of between-haul variation in abundance. We resampled data from a multi-rig catch comparison trial and emulated consecutive or randomly matched hauls. We examined how haul matching methodology influences catch curve estimates and uncertainty. Aiming for a balance in abundance across consecutively matched hauls is optimal, while random-haul matching may be the best strategy if neither balanced abundance nor consecutive hauls can be achieved. Based on these outputs, we provide practical guidance for experimental design during planning and at-sea operations to optimize trial outputs.
Barents Sea plankton production and controlling factors in a fluctuating climate
Authors: Sandø Anne Britt , Mousing Erik Askov , Budgell W P , Hjøllo Solfrid S , Skogen Morten D , Ådlandsvik B 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe Barents Sea and its marine ecosystem is exposed to many different processes related to the seasonal light variability, formation and melting of sea-ice, wind-induced mixing, and exchange of heat and nutrients with neighbouring ocean regions. A global model for the RCP4.5 scenario was downscaled, evaluated, and combined with a biophysical model to study how future variability and trends in temperature, sea-ice concentration, light, and wind-induced mixing potentially affect the lower trophic levels in the Barents Sea marine ecosystem. During the integration period (2010–2070), only a modest change in climate variables and biological production was found, compared to the inter-annual and decadal variability. The most prominent change was projected for the mid-2040s with a sudden decrease in biological production, largely controlled by covarying changes in heat inflow, wind, and sea-ice extent. The northernmost parts exhibited increased access to light during the productive season due to decreased sea-ice extent, leading to increased primary and secondary production in periods of low sea-ice concentrations. In the southern parts, variable access to nutrients as a function of wind-induced mixing and mixed layer depth were found to be the most dominating factors controlling variability in primary and secondary production.
Rheumatic mitral regurgitation: is repair justified by the long-term results?
Authors: Trumello Cinzia , Giambuzzi Ilaria , Bonalumi Giorgia , Bargagna Marta , Naliato Moreno , Ruggeri Stefania , Fileccia Daniele , Castiglioni Alessandro , Alfieri Ottavio , Alamanni Francesco , De Bonis Michele 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The best treatment for rheumatic mitral regurgitation is still under debate. Our goal was to assess the long-term results of mitral repair for rheumatic mitral regurgitation performed in 2 referral centres for mitral repair.

METHODS
Patients who underwent mitral valve repair between 1999 and 2009 were selected. Preoperative and postoperative data were prospectively entered into a dedicated database and retrospectively reviewed. Kaplan–Meier estimates were used to analyse long-term survival. Competing risk analysis was performed by calculating the cumulative incidence function for time to recurrence of mitral regurgitation ≥3+, mitral regurgitation ≥2+, mitral reoperation and the combined end point of repair failure (mitral regurgitation ≥ 3+ and/or mean gradient ≥ 10 mmHg and/or mitral valve REDO) with death as a competing risk.

RESULTS
A total of 72 patients were included. Mitral calcifications were present in 25 patients (34.7%). Most of the patients (65/72, 90.3%) underwent annuloplasty, and mixes of reparative techniques were used in 21 patients (29.2%). In-hospital mortality was 2.8%. Mean follow-up was 11.6 ± 5.16 (max 19.1 years), 98.6% completed. Survival at 14 years was 70 ± 6.27%. At 14 years, the cumulative incidence function of repair failure was 36.7 ± 6.52%. The presence of severe mitral annulus calcification was an independent predictor of repair failure.

CONCLUSIONS
Mitral repair for rheumatic mitral regurgitation is characterized by a high rate of failure in the long term (14 years), particularly in patients with severe annular calcifications. These results call for a very selective approach when considering a repair strategy in this setting, especially in case of unfavourable anatomical conditions.
Side-Effects of COVID-19 on Patient Care: An INR Story
Authors: Pearson Lauren N , Johnson Stacy A , Greene Dina N , Chambliss Allison B , Farnsworth Christopher W , French Deborah , Herman Daniel S , Kavsak Peter A , Merrill Anna E , Lo Sheng-Ying (Margaret) , Lyon Martha E , SoRelle Jeffrey A , Schmidt Robert L 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Numerous studies have documented reduced access to patient care due to the COVID-19 pandemic, including access to diagnostic or screening tests, prescription medications, and treatment for an ongoing condition. In the context of clinical management for venous thromboembolism, this could result in suboptimal therapy with warfarin. We aimed to determine the impact of the pandemic on utilization of International Normalized Ratio (INR) testing and the percentage of high and low results.

Methods
INR data from 11 institutions were extracted to compare testing volume and the percentage of INR results ≥3.5 and ≤1.5 between a pre-pandemic period (January–June 2019, period 1) and a portion of the COVID-19 pandemic period (January–June 2020, period 2). The analysis was performed for inpatient and outpatient cohorts.

Results
Testing volumes showed relatively little change in January and February, followed by a significant decrease in March, April, and May, and then returned to baseline in June. Outpatient testing showed a larger percentage decrease in testing volume compared to inpatient testing. At 10 of the 11 study sites, we observed an increase in the percentage of abnormal high INR results as test volumes decreased, primarily among outpatients.

Conclusion
The COVID-19 pandemic impacted INR testing among outpatients which may be attributable to several factors. Increased supratherapeutic INR results during the pandemic period when there was reduced laboratory utilization and access to care is concerning because of the risk of adverse bleeding events in this group of patients. This could be mitigated in the future by offering drive-through testing and/or widespread implementation of home INR monitoring.
Simultaneous Quantification of 17 Cannabinoids by LC–MS-MS in Human Plasma
Authors: Sempio Cristina , Almaraz-Quinones Nohemi , Jackson Matthew , Zhao Wanzhu , Wang George Sam , Liu Ying , Leehey Maureen , Knupp Kelly , Klawitter Jelena , Christians Uwe , Klawitter Jost 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In recent years, the surge in use of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) has increased the need for sensitive and specific analytical assays to measure the said compounds in patients, to establish dose–effect relationships and to gain knowledge of their pharmacokinetics and metabolism. We developed and validated an online extraction high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS-MS) method for simultaneous quantification of 17 cannabinoids and metabolites including THC and its metabolites, CBD and its metabolites and other minor cannabinoids in human plasma. CBD-glucuronide (CBD-gluc) standard was produced in-house by isolation of CBD-gluc from urine of patients using pure CBD oil. For calibration standards and quality control samples, human plasma was spiked with cannabinoids at varying concentrations within the working range of the respective compound and 200 µL of the plasma was extracted using a simple one-step protein precipitation procedure. The extracts were analyzed using online trapping LC/LC–atmospheric pressure chemical ionization–MS-MS running in the positive multiple reaction monitoring mode. The lower limit of quantification ranged from 0.78 to 7.8 ng/mL, and the upper limits of quantification were between 100 and 2,000 ng/mL. Inter-day analytical accuracy and imprecision ranged from 90.4% to 111% and from 3.1% to 17.4%, respectively. The analysis of plasma samples collected during clinical studies showed that (3R-trans)-cannabidiol-7-oic acid (7-CBD-COOH) was the major human metabolite with 5960% (59.6-fold) of CBD followed by 7-hydroxy-CBD (177%), CBD-gluc (157%) and 6α-hydroxy-CBD (39.8%); 6β-hydroxy-CBD was not detected in any of the samples. In the present study, we developed and validated a robust LC–MS-MS assay for the simultaneous quantification of cannabinoids and their metabolites, which has been used to measure &gt;5,000 samples in clinical studies. Moreover, we were able to quantify CBD-gluc and showed that 7-CBD-COOH, 7-hydroxy-CBD and CBD-gluc are the major CBD metabolites in human plasma.