bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of cognitive function in survivors of diffuse gliomas using resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI)
Authors: Wang Chencai , Van Dyk Kathleen , Cho Nicholas , Raymond Catalina , Choi Justin , Salamon Noriko , Pope Whitney B. , Lai Albert , Cloughesy Timothy F. , Nghiemphu Phioanh L. , Ellingson Benjamin M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAs treatments for diffuse gliomas have advanced, survival for patients with gliomas has also increased. However, there remains limited knowledge on the relationships between brain connectivity and the lasting changes to cognitive function that glioma survivors often experience long after completing treatment. This resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) study explored functional connectivity (FC) alterations associated with cognitive function in survivors of gliomas. In this pilot study, 22 patients (mean age 43.8 ± 11.9) with diffuse gliomas who completed treatment within the past 10 years were evaluated using rs-fMRI and neuropsychological measures. Novel rs-fMRI analysis methods were used to account for missing brain in the resection cavity. FC relationships were assessed between cognitively impaired and non-impaired glioma patients, along with self-reported cognitive impairment, non-work daily functioning, and time with surgery. In the cognitively non-impaired patients, FC was stronger in the medial prefrontal cortex, rostral prefrontal cortex, and intraparietal sulcus compared to the impaired survivors. When examining non-work daily functioning, a positive correlation with FC was observed between the accumbens and the intracalcarine cortices, while a negative correlation with FC was observed between the parietal operculum cortex and the cerebellum. Additionally, worse self-reported cognitive impairment and worse non-work daily functioning were associated with increased FC between regions involved in cognition and sensorimotor processing. These preliminary findings suggest that neural correlates for cognitive and daily functioning in glioma patients can be revealed using rs-fMRI. Resting-state network alterations may serve as a biomarker for patients’ cognition and functioning.
Characteristics of movable fluids in tight sandstone reservoir and its influencing factors: a case study of Chang 7 reservoir in the Southwestern of Ordos Basin
Authors: Xu Yongqiang , Liu Linyu , Zhu Yushuang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAiming at the problem of complicated occurrence and flow state of the fluid in tight sandstone reservoir, this paper takes Chang 7 reservoirs in Southwestern of Ordos Basin as an example to analyze the occurrence characteristics of movable fluids by nuclear magnetic resonance experiment, while takes a series of microscopic experiments to analyze the influencing factors of difference of movable fluids. The results show that the T2 spectrum curves of fluid-saturated samples from Chang 7 reservoirs in the study area are dominated by the unimodal shape and the left-high-peak-right-low-peak bimodal shape. After centrifugation, the T2 spectrum curves are dominated by the left-high-peak-right-low-peak bimodal shape. The average movable fluid saturation is 33.27%, and the average T2 cutoff value is 13.61 ms. The movable fluids are mainly distributed in medium and large pores, and a small amount is distributed in small pores. The occurrence characteristics of movable fluids in tight reservoirs are complex and not controlled by a single factor. The size of throats and the connectivity of pore-throat have obvious effects on the saturation of movable fluids. The small size of throats and poor connectivity of pore-throat in tight reservoirs not only restrict the fluids in micropores, but also make the fluids in macropores difficult to flow under the control of small throats. The development of clay minerals will make the pore throats smaller, more complex and have poorer connectivity, and increase the fluid seepage resistance. On the other hand, it will make the specific surface area larger, which will cause a large number of fluids adsorbed on the clay surface and difficult to flow, resulting in the reduction of movable fluid saturation.
A novel and cleaner bio-polymer Gum Karaya-based Silica nanocomposite fracturing fluid for high-temperature application
Authors: Chauhan Geetanjali , Ojha Keka , Prasad Ch. Vara 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA novel polymer nanocomposite has been synthesized in the present study using a bio-polymer Karaya and inorganic SiO2 nanoparticles via sonication for application as a fracturing fluid in stimulating oil and gas wells. Gum Karaya (KG), an acidic polysaccharide, has been investigated for its structural, morphological and rheological characteristics, and the results have been compared with prepared KG–SiO2 nanocomposite at different SiO2 dosing for improved structure, viscoelasticity, viscosity and temperature stability. Steady shear rheology test depicted pseudoplastic nature, while oscillatory study confirms gel characteristics and weak dependence of storage and loss moduli on frequency for all the prepared samples. Dominance of elasticity over viscous nature of the gel assures efficient solid transporting/suspending capability. Experimental results showed that the rheological characteristics of the synthesized gel is comparable with Guar and CMHPG over the shear and temperature ranges under study and suitable for temperatures above 150 °C and pressure conditions. Also, polymer breaking and sandpack regained permeability tests proved synthesized gels to be a cleaner with less residue as compared to the other two.
Magnitude and timing of density reduction are key for the resilience to severe drought in conifer-broadleaf mixed forests in Central Europe
Authors: Zamora-Pereira Juan Carlos , Yousefpour Rasoul , Cailleret Maxime , Bugmann Harald , Hanewinkel Marc 
Published: August 2021

AbstractKey messageWe applied a modified forest gap model (ForClim) to depict changes in stand water transpiration via density reduction as a forest adaptation strategy. This approach is the key to analyzing the ecological resilience to drought, stress-induced mortality, and economic efficiency of managed mixed forest stands in Central Europe. The results show that specific geographic conditions and forest composition define the optimal stand density of drought-resilient forests.ContextReducing stand density has been recognized as a valid strategy to increase forest resilience to drought. Moreover, to develop adaptive management strategies (AMS) under climate change, it is crucial to consider not only drought resilience but also the economic efficiency of alternative AMS proposed to alleviate drought effects.AimsTo analyze how decreased inter-tree competition among overstorey trees affects stand vulnerability to drought and its expected yield.MethodsWe integrated experimental thinning data and historical responses to drought years in a climate-sensitive forest gap model, ForClim. We tested a business as usual (BAU) and three alternative AMS (“do-nothing,” low- and high-intensity overstorey removal) in mixed stands of Norway spruce (Picea abies), silver fir (Abies alba), and European beech (Fagus sylvatica) along an elevational gradient of 520–1020 m a.s.l. in Central Europe.ResultsHigh-intensity overstorey removal in mixed stands of all three species considerably increased forest volume growth resilience to drought and decreased stress-induced mortality by two-thirds vis à vis a “do-nothing” strategy. In sites including only conifer species, forest resilience was equally improved by high- and low-intensity overstorey removal compared to that in the BAU strategy. Regarding the timber economy, high-intensity overstorey removal resulted in a higher economic revenue of mixed stands (~ 22% higher net present value than other strategies) on the high-elevation sites (> 1000 m a.s.l.).ConclusionModifying forest density and structure by overstorey removal is principally suitable to increase forest resilience to drought and improve its economic efficiency. The magnitude of the effect however depends on the geographical setting and forest composition.
Italian adaptation of the Düsseldorf Orthorexia Scale (I-DOS): psychometric properties and prevalence of orthorexia nervosa among an Italian sample
Authors: Cerolini Silvia , Vacca Mariacarolina , Zagaria Andrea , Donini Lorenzo Maria , Barbaranelli Claudio , Lombardo Caterina 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Orthorexia Nervosa (ON) is described as an extreme level of preoccupation around healthy eating, accompanied by restrictive eating behaviors. During the years, different assessment instruments have been developed. The aim of the study is to adapt into Italian the Düsseldorf Orthorexia Scale (I-DOS) and to test its psychometric properties.

Method
A total sample of 422 volunteer university students (mean age = 20.70 ± 3.44, women 71.8%) completed a group of self-report questionnaires in large group sessions during their lecture time. The scales assessed ON (the I-DOS and the Orhto-15), disordered eating (Disordered Eating Questionnaire, DEQ), depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory-II, BDI-II), obsessive and compulsive symptoms (Obsessive Compulsive Inventory-Revised, OCI-R), and self-reported height and weight.

Results
The fit of the unidimensional structure and reliability of the I-DOS was tested trough Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) as well as its criterion validity computing correlation coefficients among Ortho-15, DEQ, BDI-II, OCI-R, BMI. Analyses confirmed the unidimensional structure of the I-DOS with acceptable or great fit indices (CFI = 0.984; TLI = 0.978; SRMR = 0.043; RMSEA = 0.076) and the strong internal consistency (α = 0.888). The correlations path supported the criterion validity of the scale. The estimated total prevalence of both ON and ON risk was 8.1%.

Conclusions
This 10-item scale appears to be a valid and reliable measure to assess orthorexic behaviors and attitudes.

Level of evidence
Level V, descriptive cross-sectional study.
Surfaces of Section for Seifert Fibrations
Authors: Albach Bernhard , Geiges Hansjörg 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe classify global surfaces of section for flows on 3-manifolds defining Seifert fibrations. We discuss branched coverings—one way or the other—between surfaces of section for the Hopf flow and those for any other Seifert fibration of the 3-sphere, and we relate these surfaces of section to algebraic curves in weighted complex projective planes.
Estimation of kidney function in patients with primary neuromuscular diseases: is serum cystatin C a better marker of kidney function than creatinine?
Authors: Aldenbratt Annika , Lindberg Christopher , Johannesson Elias , Hammarsten Ola , Svensson Maria K. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Using serum creatinine leads to an overestimation of kidney function in patients with primary neuromuscular disorders, and reduced kidney function may remain undetected. Cystatin C (CysC) could provide a better estimation.

Aim
To evaluate the precision, accuracy, and bias of two creatinine-, one cystatin C-based and one combined equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in patients with primary neuromuscular disease.

Patients and methods
Of the 418 patients initially identified at the out-patient clinic, data on kidney function was obtained for 145 adult patients (age 46 ± 14 years, BMI 26 ± 6 kg/m2) with primary neuromuscular disease. Kidney function was measured by iohexol clearance, and blood samples for serum creatinine and CysC were drawn simultaneously. Bias was defined as the mean difference between eGFR and measured iohexol clearance, and accuracy as the proportion of eGFRs within ± 10% (P10) of measured clearance.

Results
Kidney function (iohexol clearance) was 81 ± 19 (38–134) ml/min/1.73m2. All equations overestimated kidney function by 22–60 ml/min/1.73m2. eGFR CysC had the lowest bias overall 22 (95% CI 20–26) ml/min/1.73m2 also at all levels of kidney function we evaluated (at 30–59 ml/min/1.73m2 bias was 27 (95% CI 21–35), at 60–89 it was 25 (95% CI 20–28) and at ≥ 90 it was 12 (95% CI 7–22)). eGFR CysC also had the best accuracy in patients with reduced kidney function (P10 was 5.9% at 30–59 ml/min/1.73m2).

Conclusions
Cystatin C-based estimations of kidney function performed better than creatinine-based ones in patients with primary neuromuscular disease, but most importantly, all evaluated equations overestimated kidney function, especially in patients with reduced kidney function. Therefore, kidney function should be measured by gold-standard methods when precision and accuracy are needed.

Graphic abstract
Mitochondrial H2Sn-Mediated Anti-Inflammatory Theranostics
Authors: Kim Won Young , Won Miae , Koo Seyoung , Zhang Xingcai , Kim Jong Seung 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe insistent demand for space-controllable delivery, which reduces the side effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), has led to the development of a new theranostics-based approach for anti-inflammatory therapy. The current anti-inflammatory treatments can be improved by designing a drug delivery system responsive to the inflammatory site biomarker, hydrogen polysulfide (H2Sn). Here, we report a novel theranostic agent 1 (TA1), consisting of three parts: H2Sn-mediated triggering part, a two-photon fluorophore bearing mitochondria targeting unit (Rhodol-TPP), and anti-inflammatory COX inhibitor (indomethacin). In vitro experiments showed that TA1 selectively reacts with H2Sn to concomitantly release both Rhodol-TPP and indomethacin. Confocal-microscopy imaging of inflammation-induced live cells suggested that TA1 is localized in the mitochondria where the H2Sn is overexpressed. The TA1 reacted with H2Sn in the endogenous and exogenous H2Sn environments and in lipopolysaccharide treated inflammatory cells. Moreover, TA1 suppressed COX-2 level in the inflammatory-induced cells and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) level in blood serum from inflammation-induced mouse models. In vivo experiments with inflammation-induced mouse models suggested that TA1 exhibits inflammation-site-elective drug release followed by significant therapeutic effects, showing its function as a theranostic agent, capable of both anti-inflammatory therapy and precise diagnosis. Theranostic behavior of TA1 is highly applicable in vivo model therapeutics for the inflammatory disease.
A Universal Atomic Substitution Conversion Strategy Towards Synthesis of Large-Size Ultrathin Nonlayered Two-Dimensional Materials
Authors: Zhao Mei , Yang Sijie , Zhang Kenan , Zhang Lijie , Chen Ping , Yang Sanjun , Zhao Yang , Ding Xiang , Zu Xiaotao , Li Yuan , Zhao Yinghe , Qiao Liang , Zhai Tianyou 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNonlayered two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted increasing attention, due to novel physical properties, unique surface structure, and high compatibility with microfabrication technique. However, owing to the inherent strong covalent bonds, the direct synthesis of 2D planar structure from nonlayered materials, especially for the realization of large-size ultrathin 2D nonlayered materials, is still a huge challenge. Here, a general atomic substitution conversion strategy is proposed to synthesize large-size, ultrathin nonlayered 2D materials. Taking nonlayered CdS as a typical example, large-size ultrathin nonlayered CdS single-crystalline flakes are successfully achieved via a facile low-temperature chemical sulfurization method, where pre-grown layered CdI2 flakes are employed as the precursor via a simple hot plate assisted vertical vapor deposition method. The size and thickness of CdS flakes can be controlled by the CdI2 precursor. The growth mechanism is ascribed to the chemical substitution reaction from I to S atoms between CdI2 and CdS, which has been evidenced by experiments and theoretical calculations. The atomic substitution conversion strategy demonstrates that the existing 2D layered materials can serve as the precursor for difficult-to-synthesize nonlayered 2D materials, providing a bridge between layered and nonlayered materials, meanwhile realizing the fabrication of large-size ultrathin nonlayered 2D materials.
Prussian Blue Analogues in Aqueous Batteries and Desalination Batteries
Authors: Xu Chiwei , Yang Zhengwei , Zhang Xikun , Xia Maoting , Yan Huihui , Li Jing , Yu Haoxiang , Zhang Liyuan , Shu Jie 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn the applications of large-scale energy storage, aqueous batteries are considered as rivals for organic batteries due to their environmentally friendly and low-cost nature. However, carrier ions always exhibit huge hydrated radius in aqueous electrolyte, which brings difficulty to find suitable host materials that can achieve highly reversible insertion and extraction of cations. Owing to open three-dimensional rigid framework and facile synthesis, Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) receive the most extensive attention among various host candidates in aqueous system. Herein, a comprehensive review on recent progresses of PBAs in aqueous batteries is presented. Based on the application in different aqueous systems, the relationship between electrochemical behaviors (redox potential, capacity, cycling stability and rate performance) and structural characteristics (preparation method, structure type, particle size, morphology, crystallinity, defect, metal atom in high-spin state and chemical composition) is analyzed and summarized thoroughly. It can be concluded that the required type of PBAs is different for various carrier ions. In particular, the desalination batteries worked with the same mechanism as aqueous batteries are also discussed in detail to introduce the application of PBAs in aqueous systems comprehensively. This report can help the readers to understand the relationship between physical/chemical characteristics and electrochemical properties for PBAs and find a way to fabricate high-performance PBAs in aqueous batteries and desalination batteries.
Drastic changes in fertility level and timing in response to marriage and fertility policies: evidence from Shandong province, China
Authors: Zhang Cuiling , Sobotka Tomáš 
Published: August 2021

AbstractChina’s “one-child policy” that had been in force between 1980 and 2016 evolved over time and differed widely between regions. Local policies in many regions also targeted the timing and spacing of childbearing by setting the minimum age at marriage, first birth and second birth and defining minimum interval between births. Our study uses data from the 120 Counties Population Dynamics Monitoring System to reconstruct fertility level and timing in nine counties in Shandong province, which experienced frequent changes in birth and marriage policies. We reconstruct detailed indicators of fertility by birth order in 1986–2016, when policies on marriage and fertility timing became strictly enforced since 1989 and subsequently relaxed (especially in 2002) and abandoned (in 2013). Our analysis reveals that birth timing policies have fuelled drastic changes in fertility level, timing and spacing in the province. In the early 1990s period fertility rates plummeted to extreme low levels, with the provincial average total fertility rate falling below 1 in 1992–1995. Second births rates fell especially sharply. The age schedule of childbearing shifted to later ages and births became strongly concentrated just above the minimum policy age at first and second birth, resulting in a bimodal distribution of fertility with peaks at ages 25 and 32. Conversely, the abandonment of the province-level policy on the minimum age at marriage and first birth and less strict enforcement of the policy on the minimum age at second birth contributed to a recovery of period fertility rates in the 2000s and a shift to earlier timing of first and second births. It also led to a shorter second birth interval and a re-emergence of a regular age schedule of fertility with a single peak around age 28.
Computer-aided molecular design of 2-anilino 4-amino substituted quinazolines derivatives as malarial inhibitors
Authors: Ibrahim Zakari Ya’u , Uzairu Adamu , Shallangwa Gideon Adamu , Abechi Stephen Eyije , Isyaku Sulaiman 
Published: August 2021

AbstractQuantitative structure–activity relationship studies conducted on forty-five (45) derivatives of 2-anilino 4-amino substituted quinazolines as malaria inhibitors to determine the structures responsible for their antimalarial properties and design novel derivatives with improved activities. The molecular descriptors generated were selected to develop the theoretical model using the genetic approximation component of the material studio. The developed model found to be a function of ATSC8c, GATS8i, SpMin1_Bhi, JGI10, and TDB6u descriptors, shows excellent statistical parameters (R2 = 0.7913, R2adj = 0.7553, Q2cv = 0.7112, LOF = 0.2125, and R2pred = 0.7650). The mean effect (MF) analysis revealed the descriptor SpMin1_Bhi, as the most influential by its largest percentage contribution (54%) to the developed model. The descriptor decodes the information on the first ionization potentials and was found to have positive MF. Hence, activity increases with increases the descriptor value. Structural modifications of the template (compound 13; pEC50 = 7.387) using electron-withdrawing groups increases the descriptor value (first ionization potentials) of the template, which by extension increases the antimalarial activity lead to the design of ten (10) novel theoretical derivatives with improve antimalarial activities. Compound 3, N4-(3-bromo-5-fluorobenzyl)-N2-(4-fluorophenyl)-6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline-2,4-diamine was found to have the highest antimalarial activities among all the designed derivatives (pEC50 = 8.0515).
Predictive calculation of structural, nonlinear optical, electronic and thermodynamic properties of andirobin molecule from ab initio and DFT methods
Authors: Abe M. T. Ottou , Nzia C. L. , Sidjui L. Sidjui , Kamsi R. A. Yossa , Mveme C. D. D. , Assatse Y. Tadjouteu , Ndjaka J. M. B. , Ejuh G. W. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe structural, nonlinear optical, electronic and thermodynamic properties of andirobin molecule were carried out by density functional theory at the B3LYP, WB97XD level and at the Restricted Hartree–Fock level by employing 6–311G(d,p) basis set. The obtained values of bond lengths, bond angles, 1H NMR and 13C NMR are in good agreement with experimental values. The dipole moment and first static hyperpolarizability show that andirobin can be applied in nonlinear optical devices. HOMO–LUMO energy gap values were found to be greater than 4 eV and lead us to the conclusion that this molecule can be used as insulator in many electronic devices. The thermal energy (E), molar heat capacity at constant volume $$(C_{v}$$

(

C
v

) and entropy (S) were also calculated.