bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceptions of a Surgical Team About the Ethical and Legal Responsibilities of Forgetting Foreign Bodies in Patient Bodies and Other Errors
Authors: Anderson Díaz-Pérez , González Zilena Ardila , Toro Moraima Del , Quiroz Elkin Navarro 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Retained surgical items (RSIs) represent a real and ongoing problem, but it is preventable. Its real incidence is unknown because of underreporting resulting from the fear of lawsuits for medical errors. This study aimed to describe the perception of the members of a surgical team about their ethical and legal responsibilities related to medical errors, specifically concerning the presence of RSIs. Methods: This qualitative, descriptive, and interpretative study focused on the perceptions of the members of a surgical team on the ethical and legal problems they may face because of the presence of RSIs. Continuous saturation sampling was performed by interviewing 17 professional members of the surgical team. Atlas Ti 8.0® program was used for analyzing the data obtained. It traced the categories by means of content analysis of the perceptions and practices during possible ethical and legal responsibilities because of medical errors. Results: The interviewees were conflicted between complicity and justice, as it is a duty to report events or actions that put the lives of surgical patients at risk.Conclusions: The lack of awareness about the rules and believing that human errors are inevitable lead to normalizing errors, which does not allow professionals to face the risk and, therefore, to avoid it.
Spatiotemporal Patterns of Early Afterdepolarizations Underlying Abnormal T-Wave Morphologies in a Tissue Model of the Purkinje-Ventricular System
Authors: Yuan Mengya , Li Pan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a leading cause of death worldwide, and the majority of SCDs are caused by acute ventricular arrhythmias (VAs). Early afterdepolarizations (EADs) are an important trigger of VA under pathological conditions, e.g., inherited or acquired long QT syndrome (LQTS). However, it remains unclear how EAD events at the cellular level are spatially organized at the tissue level to induce and maintain ventricular arrhythmias and whether the spatial-temporal patterns of EADs at the tissue level are associated with abnormal T-wave morphologies that are often observed in LQTS, such as broad-based, notched or bifid; late appearance; and pointed T-waves.
Result
Here, a tissue model of the Purkinje-ventricular system (PVS) was developed to quantitatively investigate the complex spatial-temporal dynamics of EADs during T-wave abnormalities, and we found that (1) while major inhibition of ICaL can substantially reduce the excitability of the PVS leading to conduction failures, moderate ICaL inhibition can promote occurrences of AP alternans at short cycle lengths (CLs), and EAD events preferentially occur with a major reduction of IKr (> 50%) at long CLs; (2) with a minor reduction of ICaL, spatially synchronized steady-state EAD events with inverted and biphasic T-waves can be “weakened” into beat-to-beat concurrences of spatially synchronized EADs and T-wave alternans, and as pacing CLs increase, beat-to-beat concurrences of localized EADs with late-appearing and pointed T-wave morphologies can be observed; (3) under certain conditions, localized EAD events in the midmyocardium may trigger slow uni-directional electric propagation with inverted (antegrade) or upright (retrograde) broad-based T-waves; (4) spatially discordant EADs were typically characterized by desynchronized spontaneous onsets of EAD events between two groups of PVS tissues with biphasic T-wave morphologies, and they can evolve into spatially discordant oscillating EAD patterns with sustained or self-terminated alternating EAD and electrocardiogram (ECG) patterns.
Conclusion
Our results provide new insights into the spatiotemporal aspects of the onset and development of EADs and suggest possible mechanistic links between the complex spatial dynamics of EADs and T-wave morphologies.
Purinergic signaling mediates neuroglial interactions to generate sighs
Authors: Ramirez Jan Marino , Severs Liza , Bush Nicholas , Quina Lely , Burgraff Nicholas , Dashevskiy Tatiana , Baertsch Nathan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Sighs prevent the collapse of alveoli in the lungs, initiate arousal under hypoxic conditions, and even express sadness and relief. Sighs are periodically superimposed on normal breaths, known as eupnea. Implicated in the generation of these rhythmic behaviors is the preBötzinger complex (preBötC)1. Yet how this small microcircuit can produce two rhythms with strikingly different periodicities remains unresolved. Our computational simulations predict that sighs are generated by the coincidence of two temporally distinct calcium oscillations and are in agreement with experimental evidence suggesting that astrocytes drive sigh behavior through slower, extrinsically driven calcium oscillations that link the eupnea and sigh rhythms. We found that purinergic signaling is necessary to generate spontaneous and hypoxia- induced sighs, and photo-activation of preBötC astrocytes is sufficient to elicit sigh activity. We conclude that sighs are an emergent property of the preBötC network generated by neuroglial interactions, where the distinct modulatory responses of neurons and glia allow for both rhythms to be independently regulated.
Usefulness of a Medical Interview Support Application for Inexperienced Physicians
Authors: Matsuoka Ayaka , Miike Toru , Yamazaki Hirotaka , Higuchi Masahiro , Komaki Moe , Shinada Kota , Nakayama Kento , Sakurai Ryouta , Asahi Miho , Yoshitake Kunimasa , Narumi Shougo , Koba Mayuko , Sakamoto Yuichiro 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background

Medical interviews play an important role in disease diagnosis. Medical interview education and clinical experience are required to perform an appropriate medical interview; however, not all medical staff can perform medical interviews at the same level. This study examined whether a medical interview support application could enable physicians with little clinical experience to perform highly accurate medical interviews.
Methods

Fifteen junior residents (less than two years of post-graduation) performed medical interviews with 20 cases portrayed by simulated patients. In 10 cases, a medical interview support application was used. After the medical interview, the participants were asked to list about 10 differential diagnoses. The interview was considered appropriate if it included the disease portrayed by the simulated patient.
Results

The use of a medical interview support application increased the percentage of appropriate medical interviews. Considering the frequency, the use of a medical interview support application increased the rate of appropriate medical interviews in the rare disease group. It also increased the number of questions and the duration of the interview. No stress-reduction was observed.
Conclusion

The medical interview application may be a useful tool in identifying appropriate differential diseases.
Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of magnesium oxide nanocomposite film in combination with ε-poly-L-lysine against Foodborne pathogens in vacuum packaged beef
Authors: Samadi Masumeh , Shekarforoush Seyed Shahram , Gheisari Hamid Reza 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of magnesium oxide nanocomposite (MgO NC) film based on Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) alone or in combination with three concentrations of ε-poly-L-lysine (500, 1000 and 2000 µg/ml) on Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes in culture media and fresh beef. Methods: MgO NC film were prepared by melt mixing LDPE and MgO nanoparticle in the extruder. For in vitro antibacterial analysis, the MgO NC film alone or in combination with polylysine were evaluated in tryptic soy broth for 5 days at 37 °C. For in vivo analysis, beef samples were inoculated with the selected bacteria and packaged in MgO NC film under vacuum and stored at 4 °C and evaluated for up to 20 days. Results: Polylysine had an antibacterial effect against E. coli and L. monocytogenes in TSB. But MgO NC film had a bacteriostatic effect only against E. coli. MgO NC film inhibited the growth of E. coli on the surface of beef samples. Pollysine at concentrations of 500 µg/ml or more showed inhibitory activity against E. coli and L. monocytogenes in beef samples. No additional reduction was observed by combining the different concentrations of polylysine with MgO NC film.Conclusions: Polylysine at all concentrations had an inhibitory effect on E. coli and L. monocytogenes in the culture medium and beef. Although the migration of MgO nanoparticle from the film to beef was very low, but as it has little antimicrobial effect, it is not recommended as a suitable package for improving the safety of raw beef.
Enhancing the Efficacy of Albendazole for Liver Cancer Treatment Using Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Ghaferi Mohsen , Zahra Syeda Warda , Shahmabadi Hasan Ebrahimi , Alavi Seyed Ebrahim 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The present study aimed to synthesize albendazole (ABZ)-loaded Mobil Composition of Matter No. 41 (MCM-41) nanoparticles (NPs) to increase the efficacy of the drug against liver cancer. ABZ was loaded into MCM-41 NPs, and after in vitro characterization, such as size, size distribution, zeta potential, morphology, chemical composition, thermal profile, drug release, surface and pore volume, and pore size, their biological effects were evaluated using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) cell migration assays. The results demonstrated that monodispersed and spherical NPs with a size of 220 ± 11.5 and 293 ± 8.7 nm, for MCM-41 NPs and ABZ-loaded MCM-41 NPs, respectively, and drug loading efficiency of 30% were synthesized. ABZ was loaded physically into MCM-41 NPs, leading to a decrease in surface volume, pore size, and pore volume. Also, MCM-41 NPs could increase the cytotoxicity effects of ABZ by 2.9-fold (IC50 = 23 and 7.9 µM for ABZ and ABZ-loaded MCM-41 NPs, respectively). In addition, ABZ-loaded MCM-41 NPs, compared to that of ABZ, caused a significant decrease in cell migration. Overall, the results of the present study suggest evaluating the potency of MCM-41 NPs, as a potent nanoplatform, for ABZ delivery in vivo environment.
Differentially Evolutionary Pathways and Their Interactions in Genes Expressed in Brain of Human and Macaque
Authors: Ma Yuequn , Cao Changying , Zhao Mengwen , Liu Xinhua , Cheng Feng , Wang Ju 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
As the key organ that separates humans from non-human primates, the brain has continuously evolved to adapt to the changes of environments and climates. Although human shares most genetic, molecular, and cellular features with other primates such as macaques, there are significant differences in the structure and function of the brain between humans and these species. Thus, exploring the differences between the brains of human and non-human primates in the context of evolution will provide insights into the development, functionality, and diseases of the human nervous system. Since the genes involved in many aspects of the human brain are under common pressures of natural selection, their evolutionary features can be analyzed collectively at the pathway-level. In this study, the molecular mechanisms underlying human brain capabilities were explored by comparing the evolutionary features of pathways enriched in genes expressed in the human brain and the macaque brain. 31 differentially expressed evolutionary pathways were identified in the brains of humans and macaques, among which included those related to neurological diseases, signal transduction, immunological response, and metabolic processes. By analyzing differentially expressed genes in brain regions or development stages between humans and macaques, 10 pathways and 4 pathways were found to have evolutionary distinctions, respectively. We further performed crosstalk analysis of pathways in order to obtain an intuitive correlation between the pathways, of which is helpful in understanding the mechanisms of interaction between pathways. Our results shed light on a comprehensive view of the evolutionary pathways of the human nervous system and provide a reference for the study of human brain development.
Community Engagement for the Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision (VMMC) Program: an Analysis of Key Stakeholder Roles to Promote a Sustainable Program in Zambia
Authors: Zulu Joseph Mumba , Mwamba Trevor , Rosen Alyssa , Matenga Tulani Francis L. , Mulanda Joseph M , Kaimba Mutale , Chilembo Masitano , Silondwa Madaliso , Kamboyi Royd L. , Simwanza Sylvia Chila , Sichone George , Chavula Malizgani Paul 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BackgroundWithin the Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision (VMMC) programme, community engagement has been central in facilitating the acceptance of VMMC, especially in non-circumcising communities. To date, there has been inadequate mapping of community stakeholders, their power, roles, and strategies in facilitating sustainability of VMMC programmes. We use the case of the development of community engagement plans for sustainability of VMMC in Zambia to illustrate diversity of stakeholders, their power, roles, and strategies in community engagement. The analysis was guided by the power and interest model.MethodsData were collected using document review, in-depth interviews (n=35) and focus group discussions (n=35) with community stakeholders, health workers, health centre committees, counsellors, teachers, community volunteers and parents/caregivers. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. ResultsDifferences were noted between the rural and urban sites in terms of power/influence and interest rating of community stakeholders who could be involved in the sustainability phase of the VMMC response in Zambia. For example, in the urban setting, neighbourhood health committees (NHCs), health workers, leaders of clubs, community health workers (CHWs), radio, television and social media platforms were ranked highest. From this list, social media and television platforms were not highly ranked in rural areas. Some stakeholders had more sources of power than others. Forms or sources of power included technical expertise (knowledge, skills, roles), local authority (traditional, political, religious leadership), financial resources, collective action (action through schools, churches, media platforms, other community spaces), and relational power (community / family bonds). Key roles and strategies included strengthening community engagement in the planning processes by broadening local coordination and engagement systems, enhancing community involvement in providing VMMC information through the use of locally recognised communication spaces and channels, facilitating ownership of VMMC through promoting a community-led monitoring and evaluation process, as well as improving local accountability processes in VMMC activities.ConclusionBy consulting with the most relevant stakeholders, and considering community needs in programme development, the VMMC programme may be able to leverage the community structures and systems to reduce long term demand generation costs for VMMC and increase the acceptability and frequency of male circumcision.
Production and Electrical Properties of a CuZnAlMn(SMA)/p-Si Diode
Authors: ALDIRMAZ EMINE , Güler M. , Güler E. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this study, the Cu-23.37%Zn-13.73%Al-2.92%Mn (at.%) alloy was used. Phase identification was performed with the Scanning electron microscope (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX). We observed in the austenite phase in Cu-23.37%Zn-13.73%Al-2.92%Mn (at.%) alloy. To produce a new Schottky diode, CuZnAlMn alloy was exploited as a Schottky contact on p-type semiconductor silicon substrate. To calculate the characteristics of the produced diode, current-voltage (I-V), capacitance-voltage (C-V) and conductance-voltage (G-V) analyzes were taken at room temperature (300 K), in the dark and under various lights. Using electrical measurements, the diode's ideality factor (n), barrier height (Φb), and other diode parameters were calculated. Besides, the conductance / capacitance-voltage (G/C-V) characteristics of the diode were studied and in a wide frequency interval at room temperature. Also, the capacitance and conductance values strongly ​​ rely on the frequency. From the present experimental results, the obtained diode can be used for optoelectronic devices.
An Investigation of the Anisotropic Properties of Heat-Treated Maraging Steel Grade 300 Processed by Laser Powder Bed Fusion
Authors: Hovig Even Wilberg , Azar Amin S , Solberg Klas , Sørby Knut 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In order to explore the possibilities enabled by laser beam powder bed fusion of metals (PBF-LB/M), reliable material models are necessary to optimize designs with respect to weight and stiffness. Due to the unique processing conditions in PBF-LB/M, materials often develop a dominating microstructure that leads to anisotropic mechanical properties, and thus isotropic material models fail to account for the orientation-dependent mechanical properties. To investigate the anisotropy of 18Ni300 maraging steel, tensile specimens were built in seven different orientations. The specimens were heat treated at two different conditions and tested for their tensile properties using digital image correlation (DIC) technique. The microstructure and fracture surfaces are investigated with scanning electron microscope and electron backscatter diffraction. The tensile properties are typical for the material, with a yield strength in the range of 1850 MPa to 1950 MPa, and ultimate tensile strength in the range of 1900 MPa to 2000 MPa. The elastic modulus is 180 GPa, and the elongation at fracture is in the range of 2-6% for all specimens. The strain fields analysed with DIC reveals anisotropic straining in both the elastic and plastic parts of the flow curve for both direct ageing and solution treatment plus ageing specimens. In the former condition, the elastic anisotropy is dictated by the fraction of melt pool boundaries on the transverse surfaces of the specimens. When the material is solution treated prior to ageing, the melt pool boundary effect was supressed.
Dynamic prostate cancer transcriptome analysis delineates the trajectory to disease progression.
Authors: Bolis Marco , Bossi Daniela , Vallerga Arianna , Ceserani Valentina , Cavalli Manuela , Rito Laura di , Zoni Eugenio , Mosole Simone , Rinaldi Andrea , Mestre Ricardo Pereira , D'Antonio Eugenia , Ferrari Matteo , Stoffel Flavio , Jermini Fernando , Sommer Silke Gillessen , Bubendorf Lukas , Schraml Peter , Moch Holger , Spahn Martin , Thalmann George , Julio Marianna Kruithof-de , Rubin Mark , Theurillat Jean-Philippe 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Comprehensive genomic studies have delineated key driver mutations linked to disease progression for most cancers. However, corresponding transcriptional changes remain largely elusive because of the bias associated with cross-study analysis. Here, we overcome these hurdles and generate a comprehensive prostate cancer transcriptome atlas that describes the roadmap to tumor progression in an unprecedented qualitative and quantitative manner. Most cancers follow a uniform trajectory characterized by upregulation of polycomb-repressive-complex-2, G2-M checkpoints, and M2 macrophage polarization. Using patient-derived xenograft models, we functionally validate our observations and add single-cell resolution. Thereby, we show that tumor progression occurs through transcriptional adaption rather than a selection of pre-existing cancer cell clusters. Moreover, we determine at the single-cell level how inhibition of EZH2 - the top upregulated gene along the trajectory – reverts tumor progression and macrophage polarization. Finally, a user-friendly web-resource is provided that enables the investigation of dynamic transcriptional perturbations linked to disease progression.
PIAS1 Potentiates the Anti-viral Activity of SAMHD1 through SUMOylation
Authors: Saiada Farjana , Zhang Kun , Li Renfeng 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Sterile alpha motif and HD domain 1 (SAMHD1) is a host restriction factor that suppresses the infection of a variety of RNA and DNA viruses, including herpesviruses. The anti-viral activity of SAMHD1 is finely tuned by post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation, acetylation and ubiquitination. Our recent studies also demonstrated that the E3 SUMO ligase PIAS1 functions as an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) restriction factor. However, whether SAMHD1 is regulated by PIAS1 to restrict viral infection remains unknown.Results: In this study, we showed that PIAS1 interacts with SAMHD1 and promotes its SUMOylation. We identified three lysine residues (K469, K595 and K622) located on the surface of SAMHD1 as the major SUMOylation sites. We demonstrated that phosphorylation of SAMHD1 slightly promotes its SUMOylation by PIAS1 and SUMOylated SAMHD1 can still be phosphorylated by viral protein kinases. We further demonstrated that SUMOylation-deficient SAMHD1 loses its anti-EBV activity. Conclusion: Our study reveals that PIAS1-mediated SUMOylation of SAMHD1 enhances its anti-viral activity.
Hope, Depression, Anxiety and Associated Factors Among Parents of Retinoblastoma Patients During the Pneumonia Epidemic in COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Zeng Changjuan , Cao Wenting , Zhao Ting , Li Li , Hou Lili 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a global public health emergency. So far, only a limited number of studies have investigated the impact of the pneumonia pandemic in COVID-19 on the mental health of parents having children with cancer. This study investigated the hope, depression, anxiety, and relevant influencing factors among parents of retinoblastoma patients during the pneumonia epidemic in COVID-19.MethodsA total of 317 parents having children with retinoblastoma admitted to the Ninth People’s Hospital affiliated with the Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, and Qilu Children’s Hospital of Shandong University were investigated by cross-sectional investigation and convenient sampling. The survey tools included a Demographic Questionnaire, Herth Hope Index (HHI), The Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7), and The Patient Health Questionnaires (PHQ)-2. ResultsThe hope level score of the parents of retinoblastoma patients was (35.36 ±4.42), which was at the medium level. The highest dimension of the hope score was to take positive action (12.07± 1.57), and the lowest dimension was to maintain a close relationship with others (11.50± 1.64). The incidence rates of anxiety and depression were 41.32% (131/317) and 29.97% (95/317), respectively. Hope level was negatively correlated with anxiety and depression. Monoculus or binoculus disease, sleep quality, health status, having anxiety/depression or not, had a statistically significant effect on the research subjects' hope level (p<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the course of the disease, education level, and depression were independent influencing factors (p<0.05), which could explain 22.60% of the variation in hope level.ConclusionDuring the COVID-19 outbreak, medical staff should formulate targeted intervention measures according to the different characteristics of eye disease, the course of the disease, the parents' educational level, health status, and emotional state so as to improve parents' hope level.