bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Economic Analysis of Volcker Rule
Authors: Choi Gyoung-Gyu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This paper aims to analyze the final regulations of the Volcker Rule in order to assess any lingering concerns related to the administration of the Rule. Despite the problems criticized by many practitioner and scholars, implementing the Volcker Rule has benefits for banks and the overall economy. First, prohibiting proprietary trading activities may make individual institutions and the banking system as a whole safer. Second, the prohibition on banks’ ownership interest in private equity and hedge funds directly addresses a source of bank default risk – the Volcker Rule limits banks’ exposure to risky private equity and venture capital activities, which are activities that contributed to banks’ probability of default during the 2008 financial crisis. Third, heightened compliance standards and documentation requirements will help improve transparency of banking activities and contribute to bank stability.
Simple and accurate quantitative analysis of cefiderocol and ceftobiprole in human plasma using liquid chromatography-isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry: interest for their therapeutic drug monitoring and pharmacokinetic studies
Authors: Llopis Benoit , Bleibtreu Alexandre , Schlemmer Dimitri , Robidou Pascal , Paccoud Olivier , Tissot Nadine , Noé Gaëlle , Junot Helga , Luyt Charles-Édouard , Funck-Brentano Christian , Zahr Noël 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Cefiderocol and ceftobiprole are new generation cephalosporin antibiotics that exhibit high inter-individual plasma concentration variability that potentially impact their efficacy or toxicity. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a selective, simple, and fast UPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous quantification of cefiderocol and ceftobiprole in human plasma to enable their therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) and support PK and PK/PD studies, in particular in critically ill patients.

Methods
After a simple and fast single-step protein precipitation, cefiderocol and ceftobiprole were separated on a Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column by linear gradient elution; with subsequent detection by Shimadzu MS 8060 triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer in a positive ionization mode.

Results
Analysis time was 5 min per run. The analytical performance of the method in terms of specificity, sensitivity, linearity, precision, accuracy, matrix effect (ME), extraction recovery (ER), limit of quantification, dilution integrity, and stability of analytes under different conditions met all criteria for a bioanalytical method for the quantification of drugs. The calibration curves were linear over the range of 1–200 mg/L for cefiderocol and 0.5–100 mg/L for ceftobiprole with a linear regression coefficient above 0.995 for both.

Conclusions
A simple, fast, and selective liquid chroma-tography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification of cefiderocol and ceftobiprole. This new method was successfully applied to the measurement of plasma concentration of cefiderocol and ceftobiprole in critically ill patients and showed good performance for their therapeutic monitoring and optimizing antibiotic therapy.
The Embodiment of Law: Altered Carbon and Six Wakes
Authors: Humann Heather Duerre 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Mur Lafferty’s novel Six Wakes (2017) and the Netflix television series Altered Carbon (2018–present), created by Laeta Kalogridis and based on a novel written by Richard K. Morgan, both portray futuristic societies wherein death as we conceive of it has been rendered nearly obsolete because of technological advancements. In the case of Altered Carbon, the series imagines a twenty-fourth century dystopian society which relies on alien technology to transfer individuals’ consciousness into new bodies (referred to in the series as “sleeves”). In Six Wakes, a novel set in the twenty-fifth century, cloning and “mind-mapping” work together to bring about a similar process. Through these processes, both Six Wakes and Altered Carbon call specific attention to the unstable boundaries between human and posthuman. While in Six Wakes and Altered Carbon alike, beings have not achieved true immortality, they have gained something akin to it. Death remains a possibility for these post-human beings, but they have the potential to download their consciousness into other bodies on a (theoretically) limitless basis. These science fiction narratives thus raise new questions related to embodiment and post-humanism. Indeed, throughout Six Wakes, Lafferty devotes a significant amount of care to mapping out the legal considerations and consequences that human cloning invariably bring about. This facet of her novel works to raise questions about the ethics of cloning as well as about the legal and ontological status of clones. In Altered Carbon, a new legal frontier is likewise explored since the ultra-rich try on and discard bodies (“sleeves”) in a manner which prompts a re-definition of the concept of personhood while they simultaneously manipulate law enforcement and the legal system to suit their whims. Alongside the legal questions they raise, the science fiction scenarios depicted in these narratives serve as cases-in-point to demonstrate a post-human view of embodiment.
Presbyters Serving as Pastors in Roman Africa
Authors: Burns James Patout 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Presbyters served as individual pastors for rural congregations or at a regional church in the city of Carthage or another city, such as Sufetula, that had multiple churches and congregations. Twenty such presbyters can be identified by name or location. A presbyter or group of presbyters also might serve as a substitute for a bishop who was travelling, disabled, or between the death of one bishop and consecration of a successor. One such presbyter (Heraclius of Hippo) can be identified as long-term administrator for Augustine. Augustine’s correspondence and the legislation of the African bishops—usually on disciplinary issues—provides most of the information about presbyters serving as pastors. The legislation of the African church restricted the authority of these presbyters to baptize and to perform other actions that changed the status of a member of the congregation: admit penitents to communion apart from emergencies, to consecrate virgins. Although the legislation referred to the presbyter as praepositus, the person placed in charge, presbyteral pastors acted under the supervision of the bishop.
“Neither Poverty nor Riches”: Ambrosiaster and the Problem of Clerical Compensation
Authors: Hunter David G. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In several places the anonymous Roman presbyter, now known as “Ambrosiaster,” expressed concern over the compensation given to presbyters. This article examines his comments in the context of several fourth-century developments: first, restrictions imposed on the members of the curial class in respect to holding clerical office, a phenomenon attested both in imperial legislation and in patristic sources; second, the spread of ascetical ideals of clerical life, fostered especially by writers such as Ambrose and Jerome. While Ambrosiaster shared the view that a member of the clergy (ecclesiasticus) should abstain from “worldly business activities” (negotia saecularia), in contrast to his more ascetic contemporaries, he stressed the importance of adequate payment for the clergy and encouraged wealthy Christians to provide it.
Noise-Making, Occupy Wall Street, and the Politics of Amplification
Authors: Vilanova John 
Published: July 2021

This research explores a set of sound technologies deployed during the 2011 Occupy Wall Street protests in New York City’s Zuccotti Park. It examines the People’s Microphone, the Long Range Acoustic Device (LRAD) sound cannon, the drum circle, and the noise complaint. Deepening understandings of their places within the contemporary urban soundscape and their use during the protests, it uses historical research, textual analysis, and qualitative discourse analysis methods to explore the technologies within a larger framework of the city’s discourses around (in)appropriate sound and action.
Its findings suggest that each individual technology was evidence for the nature of its user in a way that presaged how the conflict would play out. The microphone epitomized the ideology (and fragility) of the hyper-democratic Occupiers’ ethos. The LRAD suggested the state’s superlative sonic capability and its “monopoly on the legitimate use of noise.” And the drum circles and noise complaints that followed ultimately showed the ways “noise-making” is better understood as a discursive construction that delegitimizes sound. Together, they suggest the ways the hegemonic soundscape serves the status quo. The essay also elaborates a taxonomy of sonic terms, specifically exploring volume, amplification, and noise-making as terms that explain the dynamics of sound during protest. It offers scholars of media activism a toolkit for sound studies that gets at the dynamics and structures of sonic power and explores the way sound-making is a key battleground of modernity. Sound conventions are a way that contemporary society is codified, legislated, and contested.
The influence of age on disease outcome in 2015 ATA high-risk differentiated thyroid cancer patients
Authors: van Velsen Evert F S , Peeters Robin P , Stegenga Merel T , van Kemenade Folkert J , van Ginhoven Tessa M , Verburg Frederik A , Visser W Edward 
Published: July 2021

Objective
Recent research suggests that the addition of age improves the 2015 American Thyroid Association (ATA) Risk Stratification System for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). The aim of our study was to investigate the influence of age on disease outcome in ATA-high risk patients with a focus on differences between patients with papillary (PTC) and follicular thyroid cancer (FTC).

Methods
We retrospectively studied adult patients with high-risk DTC from a Dutch University hospital. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the effects of age (at diagnosis) and several age cutoffs (per 5 years increment between 20 and 80 years) on (i) response to therapy, (ii) developing no evidence of disease (NED), (iii) recurrence, and (iv) disease-specific mortality (DSM).

Results
We included 236 ATA high-risk patients (32% FTC) with a median follow-up of 6 years. Age, either continuously or dichotomously, had a significant influence on having an excellent response after initial therapy, developing NED, recurrence, and DSM for PTC and FTC. For FTC, an age cutoff of 65 or 70 years showed the best statistical model performance, while this was 50 or 60 years for PTC.

Conclusions
In a population of patients with high-risk DTC, older age has a significant negative influence on disease outcomes. Slightly different optimal age cutoffs were identified for the different outcomes, and these cutoffs differed between PTC and FTC. Therefore, the ATA Risk Stratification System may further improve should age be incorporated as an additional risk factor.
La "Accesibilidad-DHD" en el caso “Memoria y Experiencia Cossettini": hacia una co-construcción multimodal para un equitativo acceso a contenidos web
Authors: Cenacchi Marisa Andrea , San Martín Patricia Silvana , Manero Lucía 
Published: July 2021

El artículo presenta un estudio de caso cuya objetivo es mejorar las condiciones de accesibilidad web de un dispositivo de comunicación pública de ciencia y tecnología titulado “Dispositivo Hipermedial Dinámico Memoria y experiencia Cossettini”. El mismo, publica en Acceso Abierto documentos digitalizados del “Archivo pedagógico Cossettini” conteniendo una gran cantidad de elementos estéticos visuales. Desde el marco teórico se sostiene que la elaboración colaborativa de objetos digitales multimodales contextualizados podría posibilitar a quienes participan del DHD MyECossettini una experiencia sensible/accesible de exploración, interpretación y recreación no excluyente de los archivos patrimoniales digitalizados, sin desmedro de lo singular y significativo de la fuente original. En este sentido, se ha propuesto la “Accesibilidad-DHD” basada en los principios de Percepción, Comprensión, Acción y Flexibilidad. En lo metodológico, se abordó el análisis y desarrollo de objetos digitales accesibles con un enfoque socio-técnico e interdisciplinar en atención al principio de percepción. Los resultados alcanzados constatan que las alternativas accesibles elaboradas habilitan nuevos canales perceptivos y proporcionan información contextual que constituye un valor agregado para todas las personas. Finalmente, se concluye que participar de la “Accesibilidad-DHD” no requiere necesariamente de experticia en informática, habilitando a que cada persona, desde su lugar, colabore en garantizar el acceso equitativo a la información. No obstante se advierte que, el desafío más complejo se presenta en la construcción de una toma de conciencia colectiva activa que asuma con responsabilidad de garantizar el Derecho Humano a habitar sin exclusiones el ciberespacio.
Controversial impact of experimental soil inoculant containing Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae on Sitophilus granarius
Authors: Keszthelyi Sándor , Grünvald Petra , Pál-Fám Ferenc 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe insecticidal efficacy of the experimental bioinoculants (Natur Nova, Natur Agro Hungary Ltd., Hungary) containingBeauveria bassiana(Bals.-Criv). Vuill. andMetarhizium anisopliaeMetschnikoff against stored product pests modelled by granary weevil,Sitophilus granariusL. was evaluated on wheat in laboratory tests. In order to comparability, two applications were also set up: one purely ash-treated grain treatment against wireworms and a soil-injected one. Our results confirmed that some biopesticides can exert unexpected effect on non-target arthropods. However, the examined biopesticides were as empirically effected against the target arthropods regarding wireworms. Nevertheless, the application exempt from ash of the examined bioinoculants Natur Nova containingB. bassianaandM. anisopliaewere not suitable for the elimination of the stored product pests modelled byS. granarius. In contrast, the putative plant protection effect of these biopesticides was observed in the course of applying the agents in the recommended environment and pest species as well as when applying them with ash carrier.
Peculiarities of vascular endothelial growth factor of oral cavity in atopic condition VEGF of oral cavity in atopic condition
Authors: Rozana Nazaryan , Liudmyla Kryvenko , Vitaliy Gargin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground and aimsVascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is regarded as a potent stimulating factor for angiogenesis and vascular permeability and probably is connected with an inflammatory reaction. Our study aimed to determine the effect of VEGF in the inflammatory process in the oral mucosa of experimental animals in the modulation of atopic disease.Materials and methodsAtopic condition was simulated by the ovalbumin model. Obtained specimens of oral mucosa were examined histologically; immunohistochemistry was performed with detection VEGF, CD23, CD20.ResultsMost pronounced changes with twice increased expression activity of VEGF has been detected in the affected areas of the lamina propria and were associated with perivascular inflammatory microinfiltration, but unexpected expression in the epithelial layer has been revealed surround of intraepithelial inflammatory cells mainly. Pronounced correlations have been detected as VEGF and CD23 (r= 0.91), VEGF and CD20 (r= 0.87), CD23 and CD20 (r= 0.89).Discussiondescribed the changes in the tissues of the oral mucosa could be served as a basis for the development of preventive measures in patients with atopic diseases.discussionConclusionsActivation of VEGF is connected with accumulation of inflammatory infiltrate represented by B-lymphocytes, activated macrophages, eosinophils with a correlation in atopic process.
Investigation on synthesis, structural and nonlinear optical responses of cadmium selenide coated with gold nanoparticles induced by femtosecond laser excitation
Authors: Jassim Nadia Mohammed , Kareem Nada A. , Ibrahim Nada Ismael 
Published: July 2021

Nonlinear optical signal enhancement cannot be achieved by using semiconductor materials alone. Here, we show that the recently discovered nonlinear optical behavior of plasmonic nanoparticles and hybrid nanowires enables an enhanced nonlinear optical response. A synthesis, characterization, and nonlinear optical response of synthesized hybrid nanowires structures were studied. The growth of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) onto cadmium selenide nanowires CdSe NWs with different concentrations of gold nanoparticles coating prepared via an impregnation technique. Au nanoparticles in the CdSe/Au nanowires were uniformly dispersed on the CdSe nanowire surface. The surface morphologies and the propagation manner of hybrid nanostructures were used for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to study the optical properties of pure and hybrid nanostructures. Dark-field scattering microscopy was used to characterize single CdSe NW and confirm the coating of hybrid CdSe/Au nanowires and characterize the concentration effect of gold nanoparticles. The dark-field scattering spectrum (DFSS) reference to the surface plasmon resonance of nearer Au NPs was observed at ca. 800 nm. By making a comparison between a single cadmium selenide with and without gold nanoparticles coating, hybrid CdSe/Au nanowires exhibit sufficient quality to produce second-harmonic generation stimulated with a pulsed, linearly polarized pump-light from a femtosecond Ti-sapphire laser. The estimated improvement of the second-harmonic generation signal is about ~ 1.8 times, ~ 5.5 times, ~ 6.9 times for low, moderate and full coating of gold nanoparticles, which was mainly due to the high quality of synthesis techniques and good dispersion of gold nanoparticles on CdSe nanowires
Improving pastille manufacturing technology using the developed multicomponent fruit and berry paste
Authors: Kasabova Kateryna , Zagorulko Aleksey , Zahorulko Andreii , Shmatchenko Nataliа , Simakova Olga , Goriainova Iuliia , Volodko Olga , Mironov Denis 
Published: July 2021

A method for manufacturing multicomponent fruit and berry paste based on apples, cranberries, hawthorn with a high content of pectin substances has been improved. A special feature of the technique is the concentration in a rotary film apparatus until a dry matter content of 28... 30 % under a mild mode during 25...50 s provided that the puree is preheated to 50 °C. The limiting shear stress for each type of raw material and the effective viscosity index for the samples of the formulations of the studied pastes have been established. It was found that the best properties are demonstrated by composition with the following formulation ratio of components: apple – 50 %; cranberries – 40 %; hawthorn – 10 %. That makes it possible to obtain pastes with the best chemical composition (the higher content of pectin substances, organic acids, ascorbic acid, etc.).
The rational amount of adding 75 % of fruit and berry paste to replace apple puree has been determined and substantiated. That makes it possible to manufacture pastille with a high degree of structure formation, which is confirmed by the viscosity index of 616 Pa∙s, compared with control – 354 Pa∙s. A decrease in the mass fraction of dry substances by 5.0 %, an increase in acidity and reducing substances are ensured, which meets the requirements set by regulatory documents. This amount of paste provides for excellent organoleptic properties, i.e. it gives the products an even red color, pleasant taste, and smell. The developed technology expands the range of "healthy food" by partially replacing raw materials with a low content of physiologically functional components with a multicomponent composition, as well as provides for an increase in the pastille nutritional value. The use of sparing modes of concentration makes it possible to intensify the process of manufacturing a multicomponent paste, which indicates energy and resource-saving technology
Developing a method for determining the dynamic parameters of the operator of a mobile fire engine based on a Segway
Authors: Abramov Yuriy , Basmanov Oleksii , Krivtsova Valentina , Sobyna Vitaliy , Sokolov Dmitry 
Published: July 2021

A method for determining the dynamic parameters of the operator of a mobile fire engine based on a segway, which fully characterize its dynamic properties – delay time and inertia was developed. The development of the method includes four stages. At the first stage, the problem of obtaining analytical relationships for determining the dynamic parameters of the operator is solved. These relationships include the frequency characteristics of the operator at a fixed frequency and its static parameter. At the second stage, the choice of a fixed frequency is substantiated using a criterion that minimizes errors in determining the dynamic parameters. It is shown that the fixed frequency for the characteristic parameters of the operator does not exceed 0.5 Hz. The third stage includes substantiation of the procedure for determining the frequency characteristics of the operator and its static parameter. The frequency characteristics of the operator at a fixed frequency and its static parameter are determined numerically. This procedure is based on using the data obtained by measuring the values of the operator’s transfer function at fixed time intervals. To obtain data, an interactive analog engine is used, which can also perform the functions of a simulator. The time intervals are chosen according to the Kotelnikov-Nyquist-Shannon theorem. At the last stage, the procedure for determining the dynamic parameters of the operator of a segway-based mobile fire engine is described.
It is shown that the error in determining the dynamic parameters of the operator of a mobile fire engine does not exceed 9.0 %, if the error in determining its frequency characteristics at a frequency of 2.5 s–1 does not exceed 2.0 %