bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Migration effects on the intestinal microbiota of Tibetans
Authors: Liang Tian , Liu Fang , Ma Lifeng , Zhang Zhiying , Liu Lijun , Huang Tingting , Li Jing , Dong Wenxue , Zhang Han , Li Yansong , Jiang Yaqiong , Ye Weimin , Bai Su , Kang Longli 
Published: October 2021

Background
Diet, environment, and genomic context have a significant impact on humans’ intestinal microbiota. Moreover, migration may be accompanied by changes in human eating habits and living environment, which could, in turn, affect the intestinal microbiota. Located in southwestern China, Tibet has an average altitude of 4,000 meters and is known as the world’s roof. Xianyang is situated in the plains of central China, with an average altitude of about 400 meters.

Methods
To understand the association between intestinal microbiota and population migration, we collected the fecal samples from 30 Tibetan women on the first day (as TI1st), six months (as TI2nd), and ten months (as TI3rd) following migration from Tibet to Xianyang. Fecal samples were collected from 29 individuals (belonging to the Han women) as a control. The dietary information of the Tibetan women and the Han women was gathered. We performed a 16S rRNA gene survey of the collected fecal samples using Illumina MiSeq sequencing.

Results
Following the migration, the alpha and beta diversity of Tibetan women’s intestinal microbiota appeared unaffected. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis showed that Klebsiella, Blautia, and Veillonella are potential biomarkers at TI1st, while Proteobacteria and Enterobacteriaceae were common in TI3rd. Finally, functional prediction by phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states (PICRUSt) found no significant up-regulation or down-regulation gene pathway in the intestinal microbiota of Tibetan women after migration. The present study reveals that the higher stability in Tibetan women’s intestinal microbiota was less affected by the environment and diet, indicating that Tibetan women’s intestinal microbiota is relatively stable. The main limitations of the study were the small sample size and all volunteers were women.
Agronomic Characteristics and Seed Yield of Indonesian Mungbean (Vigna radiata) Genetic Resources
Authors: Soehendi Roedy , T. Hapsari Ratri , Nugrahaeni Novita , Haksiwi Pratanti , Suhartina . , Trustinah . , J. Mejaya Made 
Published: October 2021

The availability of mungbean (Vigna radiata) genetic resources is important in breeding programs for development of new improved varieties. The objective of this study was to describe the characters of 300 accessions of ILETRI’s mungbean genetic resources collections. The study was conducted in Jambegede Experimental Station, East Java, Indonesia during dry season 2018. The results showed that the descriptive characters of 300 mungbean germplasm accessions had a fairly wide range, namely 50%-flowering date ranged from 30-50 days after planting with an average of 41.92 days, Pod maturity ranged from 50 - 88 days after planting with an average of 74.08 days, 100-seed weight ranged from 2.43 to 7.96 g with an average of 4.52 g, and Seed weight per plot ranged from 10 - 525 g with an average of 254.53 g. There were three accessions with seed size more than 7.5 g/100 seeds, namely MLGV 0713, MLGV 0960, and MLGV 1027. These accessions could be used as a source of genes for developing high yielding and large seed size of new improved mungbean varieties. Furthermore, the high diversity data in mungbean collection can provide information to used by breeders.
Formulation, Optimization and Pharmacodynamic Studies of Pioglitazone HCl Solid Lipid Nanoparticles
Authors: Muzib Y. Indira , Ramya E. , Ambedkar Y. R. 
Published: October 2021

Pioglitazone HCl is an oral anti-diabetic agent used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus type II. The aim of the present work is to evaluate the pharmacodynamic activity of solid lipid nanoparticles of pioglitazone HCL prepared by using solvent injection technique and to compare with the control and test group. Among all the formulations, F5 was found to possess highest in-vitro drug release within 24 hrs i.e., 95.02±1.26%. The in vivo studies were performed using male albino rats of wistar strain (150-200g). Rats were divided in to five groups (n=6), group-I normal, group-II diabetes control, group-III placebo control, group-IV reference, group-V test group. Diabetes was induced by streptazocin (60 mg/kg) by intraperitonial route. The reference group was treated with marketed tablet of pioglitazone HCL, test groups were treated with SLNs suspended in 0.1% Tween 80 and given to animals through oral gavages. Blood samples were collected by retro-orbital puncture before treatment, and after treatment at time intervals 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 24h in anti-coagulated vials. Parameters like glucose, tri glycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and HDL-C were estimated by calorimetric method. Diabetes induced rats showed elevated levels of glucose, TG, TC and reduced HDL. The oral administration of drug loaded SLNs in 0.1% Tween 80 solution showed reduced levels of glucose, TG and elevated levels of HDL-C and slightly reduced levels of TG in 24 h where as the marketed tablet showed reduced levels of glucose, TG and TC up-to 12 h and in 24thh the glucose levels get elevated. Thus the optimized SLNs showed prolonged activity.
Effects of Iron Deficiency Anaemia on HbA1c Levels in Non-Diabetics and Diabetics
Authors: Singh Ayushi , Bhake Arvind , Agarwal Anil , Vagha Sunita 
Published: October 2021

Background: Iron deficiency anaemia is one of the most common anaemia striking in our country. The level up to which blood sugar level is regulated is measured by HbA1c. HbA1c represents sugar level in the blood for 120 days. HbA1c could be dependent upon an assemblage of factors like variants of haemoglobinopathies, haemolytic anaemia, other deficiency anaemia, acute loss of blood, uraemia, and pregnancy. Thus, it is crucial to determine the role of HbA1c in iron deficiency anemia in diabetics and non-diabetics before treating the patients.
Methods: Total of 58 articles were collected and based on our study objective total of 19 articles were included in this study. Iron deficiency anaemia, HbA1c, diabetics and non-diabetics has been added in pub med advanced searches and Google scholar. Original articles which compare the correlation between these two were taken. All the information was gathered from original and review articles. Articles which were qualified for review, their inclusion criteria, exclusion criteria, quality of assessment and data collections were taken into consideration. Structure of heme particle, basic mechanism of HbA1c formation in RBCs is elaborated. Review articles which were taken include RCT, retrospective analysis and observational studies. The results were all compared and concluded of each articles. Basic mechanism of formation of HbA1c in RBCs is shown. Also necessary conclusions were derived from each study.
Results: In a wide range of studies, HbA1c was found to be raised in IDA. After iron supplements, studies showed a decrease in HbA1c. Our study showed there is a need to correct anemia in diabetic patients before starting treatment.
Conclusions: Strict HbA1c control is not a prerequisite and prior anaemia correction should be done. Nevertheless, a study which will be conducted in representative population matching to the prevalence and incident of disease in our country also which should be interventional is required for the highest correction value of HbA1c in DM and NDM population.
Soil to Cassava Transfer Factors of Natural Radionuclides in Farms in Ini Local Government Area, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
Authors: Akankpo Akaninyene , Essien Ime , Nyong Alice , Inyang Etido 
Published: October 2021

Knowledge of activity concentration of radionuclides in soil of our farmlands and the consequent transfer factors of the radionuclide to plants are necessary to estimate the contamination level of the soil, plants and food. The activity concentration of 40K, 238U and 232Th in soils and cassava in Ini Local Government Area, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria were measured using gamma spectrometry. Activity concentrations of radionuclides in soils in the locations ranged from BDL (below detectable limit) to 298.76 ± 21.40 Bq/Kg for 40K; BDL to 7.95 ± 1.88 Bq/Kg for 238U and 2.59 ± 0.25 to 16.56 ± 1.61 Bq/Kg for 232Th. Activity concentration of the radionuclides in cassava in all locations ranged from 213.96 ± 15.38 Bq/kg to 520.58 ± 37.25 Bq//Kg for 40K; BDL to 33.02 ± 8.91 Bg/Kg for 238U and BDL to 16.34 ± 1.59 Bq/kg for 232Th. The activity concentrations of all the radionuclides were lower than the world standard. Transfer factors obtained ranged between 3.21 to 4.18 for 40K; 0.93 to 12.64 for 238U and 0.75 to 1.01 for 232Th. Effective ingestion dose due to the consumption of cassava from the studied area obtained ranged between 1.31 to 1.74 mSv/yr and 3.52 to 4.69 mSv/yr for children and adult respectively. These values are above the 1.0 mSv/yr recommended dose limit for general public, therefore the consumption of this food stuff could pose a radiological health effect on humans. However the risk could be minimized when the cassava is cooked.
A contemporary review of therapeutic and regenerative management of intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Sadaf Humaira , Desai Virendra R. , Misra Vivek , Golanov Eugene , Hegde Muralidhar L. , Villapol Sonia , Karmonik Christof , Regnier‐Golanov Angelique , Sayenko Dimitri , Horner Philip J. , Krencik Robert , Weng Yi Lan , Vahidy Farhaan S. , Britz Gavin W. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) remains a common and debilitating form of stroke. This neurological emergency must be diagnosed and treated rapidly yet effectively. In this article, we review the medical, surgical, repair, and regenerative treatment options for managing ICH. Topics of focus include the management of blood pressure, intracranial pressure, coagulopathy, and intraventricular hemorrhage, as well as the role of surgery, regeneration, rehabilitation, and secondary prevention. Results of various phase II and III trials are incorporated. In summary, ICH patients should undergo rapid evaluation with neuroimaging, and early interventions should include systolic blood pressure control in the range of 140 mmHg, correction of coagulopathy if indicated, and assessment for surgical intervention. ICH patients should be managed in dedicated neurosurgical intensive care or stroke units where continuous monitoring of neurological status and evaluation for neurological deterioration is rapidly possible. Extravasation of hematoma may be helpful in patients with intraventricular extension of ICH. The goal of care is to reduce mortality and enable multimodal rehabilitative therapy.
How does the temperature of polymer bead influence the kinetics of coalescence in additive manufacturing processes?
Authors: Le Boterff Julien , Charlon Sébastien , Soulestin Jérémie 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe quality of a part made by fused filament fabrication substantially depends on the coalescence level achieved between the polymer beads. This paper describes an innovate approach quantifying the influence of the polymer temperature on the coalescence kinetics between two molten polymer beads. The models presented in the literature were modified to introduce two major thermo‐dependents intrinsic characteristics of the polymer, its surface tension and viscosity. The accuracy of the developed model was confirmed by the good correlation between calculated and experimental data. The influence of the polypropylene temperature has been found substantially different for different polymer grades. The results revealed that the change of viscosity influences the coalescence kinetics much more than the surface tension. The developed model is applicable to study the coalescence of any polymer beads in the range of temperatures between the crystallization and degradation temperatures.
Objective subtle cognitive decline and plasma phosphorylated tau181: Early markers of Alzheimer's disease‐related declines
Authors: Thomas Kelsey R. , Bangen Katherine J. , Edmonds Emily C. , Weigand Alexandra J. , Walker Kayla S. , Bondi Mark W. , Galasko Douglas R. ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionObjectively‐defined subtle cognitive decline (Obj‐SCD) and plasma phosphorylated‐tau181 (p‐tau181) are promising early Alzheimer's disease (AD) markers. However, associations between Obj‐SCD and p‐tau181, and their combined prognostic potential, are unknown.MethodsBaseline and 4‐year longitudinal p‐tau181 changes were compared across cognitively unimpaired (CU; n = 402), Obj‐SCD (n = 199), and mild cognitive impairment (MCI; n = 346) groups. CU and Obj‐SCD participants were further classified as p‐tau181‐positive or negative.ResultsCU and Obj‐SCD has lower baseline p‐tau181 than MCI and did not differ from one another. Longitudinally, Obj‐SCD had the steepest p‐tau181 increase. Obj‐SCD/p‐tau181‐positive participants had the fastest rates of amyloid accumulation, cognitive decline, and functional decline.ConclusionsDespite assumptions that cognitive changes invariably follow biomarker changes, early neuropsychological difficulties may emerge before/concurrently with plasma p‐tau181 changes. Combining Obj‐SCD and p‐tau181, two potentially accessible early markers, was associated with the faster declines in AD‐related outcomes.
Higher cerebrospinal fluid tau is associated with history of traumatic brain injury and reduced processing speed in Vietnam‐era veterans: A Department of Defense Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (DOD‐ADNI) study
Authors: Clark Alexandra L. , Weigand Alexandra J. , Bangen Katherine J. , Thomas Kelsey R. , Eglit Graham M.L. , Bondi Mark W. , Delano‐Wood Lisa ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroduction Our goal was to determine whether cognitive and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers of tau and amyloid beta 1‐42 (Aβ42) differ between Vietnam‐era veterans with and without history of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and whether TBI moderates the association between CSF markers and neurocognitive functioning.Methods A total of 102 male participants (52 TBI, 50 military controls [MCs]; mean age = 68) were included. Levels of CSF Aβ42, tau phosphorylated at the threonine 181 position (p‐tau), and total tau (t‐tau) were quantified. Group differences in CSF markers and cognition as well as the moderating effect of TBI on CSF and cognition associations were explored.Results Relative to MCs, the TBI group showed significantly higher p‐tau (P = .01) and t‐tau (P = .02), but no differences in amyloid (P = .09). TBI history moderated the association between CSF tau and performance on a measure of processing speed (t‐tau: P = .04; p‐tau: P = .02).Discussion Tau accumulation may represent a mechanism of dementia risk in older veterans with remote TBI.
Impact of aortic valve replacement for severe aortic stenosis on organic and functional mitral regurgitation
Authors: Kato Nahoko , Thaden Jeremy J. , Miranda William R. , Scott Christopher G. , Sarano Maurice E. , Greason Kevin L. , Pellikka Patricia A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimsConcurrent mitral regurgitation (MR) influences treatment considerations in patients with severe aortic stenosis (sAS). Limited information exists regarding haemodynamic effects of sAS on MR severity and outcome of these patients. We assessed the impact of aortic valve replacement (AVR) on MR according to mechanism in patients with sAS and MR.Methods and resultsIn patients with sAS who received surgical or transcatheter AVR from 2008 to 2017, those with effective mitral regurgitant orifice area (ERO) ≥ 10 mm2 prior to AVR were evaluated. The change in MR after AVR was considered significant when there was at least one grade difference. We compared the all‐cause mortality of patients with and without improvement in MR. Of 234 patients with sAS and MR (age 80 ± 9 years, 52% male, ERO 19 ± 7 mm2), organic and functional MR were present in 166 (71%) and 68 (29%), respectively. MR improved in 136 (58%); improvement occurred with similar frequency in organic versus functional MR (59% and 57%, P = 0.88). Associated determinants were absence of atrial fibrillation in organic MR [odds ratio (OR) 2.09, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00–4.37; P = 0.049] and indexed aortic valve area (iAVA) ≤ 0.40 cm2 in functional MR (OR 3.28, 95% CI 1.13–9.47; P = 0.028). In the overall cohort, mitral annulus diameter < 3 cm (OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.02–2.97; P = 0.041) and QRS duration < 115 ms (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.00–2.98; P = 0.049) were independently associated with improvement in MR. During median follow‐up of 3.5 years, lack of improvement in MR was not associated with higher mortality in the overall cohort of patients with ERO ≥ 20 mm2 [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.71, 95% CI 0.90–3.27; P = 0.10, adjusted for age, New York Heart Association III or IV, diabetes, and creatinine ≥ 2.0 mg/dL]. Lack of improvement in organic MR was associated with higher mortality (adjusted HR 3.36, 95% CI 1.40–8.05; P < 0.01). In patients with functional MR, change in MR was not associated with mortality (HR 1.24, 95% CI 0.44–3.47; P = 0.68).ConclusionsIn nearly 60% of patients with sAS and MR, MR improved after AVR, even in the majority of patients with organic MR. Absence of atrial fibrillation in organic MR, iAVA ≤ 0.40 cm2 in functional MR, and mitral annulus diameter < 3 cm and QRS duration < 115 ms in the overall population were associated with MR improvement. Post‐operative improvement in organic MR was associated with better survival.
The study of routine laboratory factors in children with mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia: serum uric acid may have anti‐inflammatory effect
Authors: Pan Chenglin , Chen Yanjie , Wang Shaosheng , Li Ming , Qu Shen 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundHigh uric acid levels are a risk factor for cardiovascular disorders, and metabolic diseases; however, the role of serum uric acid (sUA) during the mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) of children is poorly known. This study aimed to clarify the effects of sUA during the MPP of children.MethodsThis was a prospective cohort study of children with MPP from multi‐center inpatient departments from September 2019 to August 2020. Routine laboratory characteristics analyzed including ALT, AST, BUN, CREA, UA, LDH, CK‐MB, WBC, N%, PLT, and CRP. Subjects were divided into 3 groups: non‐MPP, mild MPP (MMPP), and severe MPP (SMPP).Results949 subjects were enrolled, including 207 in non‐MPP, 565 in MMPP, and 177 in SMPP. The optimal cutoff value for sUA is 239 μmmol/L in receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves analysis. Multivariate logistic regression showed that WBC and sUA had significance for protective effects between non‐MPP and SMPP, but CRP did not have significance between the two groups, N and PLT had significance for risk factors; WBC and sUA did not have significance for the protective effects between non‐MPP and MMPP, CRP had significance between the two groups, N and PLT had significance for the risk effects. Similarly, binary logistic regression showed UA, WBC, and CRP had significance for the protective effects between non‐MPP and MPP, but N and PLT had significance for the risk effects between the two groups.ConclusionBoth multivariate and binary logistic regression demonstrated that sUA displayed a protective effect during the MPP of children, which meant sUA is anti‐inflammatory.
Application of a six sigma model to evaluate the analytical performance of urinary biochemical analytes and design a risk‐based statistical quality control strategy for these assays: A multicenter study
Authors: Liu Qian , Bian Guangrong , Chen Xinkuan , Han Jingjing , Chen Ying , Wang Menglin , Yang Fumeng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe six sigma model has been widely used in clinical laboratory quality management. In this study, we first applied the six sigma model to (a) evaluate the analytical performance of urinary biochemical analytes across five laboratories, (b) design risk‐based statistical quality control (SQC) strategies, and (c) formulate improvement measures for each of the analytes when needed.MethodsInternal quality control (IQC) and external quality assessment (EQA) data for urinary biochemical analytes were collected from five laboratories, and the sigma value of each analyte was calculated based on coefficients of variation, bias, and total allowable error (TEa). Normalized sigma method decision charts for these urinary biochemical analytes were then generated. Risk‐based SQC strategies and improvement measures were formulated for each laboratory according to the flowchart of Westgard sigma rules, including run sizes and the quality goal index (QGI).ResultsSigma values of urinary biochemical analytes were significantly different at different quality control levels. Although identical detection platforms with matching reagents were used, differences in these analytes were also observed between laboratories. Risk‐based SQC strategies for urinary biochemical analytes were formulated based on the flowchart of Westgard sigma rules, including run size and analytical performance. Appropriate improvement measures were implemented for urinary biochemical analytes with analytical performance lower than six sigma according to the QGI calculation.ConclusionsIn multilocation laboratory systems, a six sigma model is an excellent quality management tool and can quantitatively evaluate analytical performance and guide risk‐based SQC strategy development and improvement measure implementation.
Nutrient uptake of catch crops under non‐limiting growth conditions
Authors: Selzer Tabea , Schubert Sven 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundCatch crops enhance nutrient cycling of cropping systems. Considering possible limitations of catch crop studies in field and greenhouse experiments, a new approach was chosen to combine the advantages of both systems in quantifying the potential for nutrient retention by catch crops.AimsThis study aimed at identifying N, P, and K uptake of different catch crop species grown in monoculture and as a mixture under non‐limiting growth conditions in terms of water and nutrient availability.MethodsCatch crops were cultivated under semi‐controlled conditions in large containers (August to November 2020). Shoot N, P, and K uptake, leachate accumulation, and soil Nmin, CAL‐P, and CAL‐K (0–30 cm) were quantified after harvest. After washing, root parameters were quantified with a root scanner.ResultsNutrient uptake of N, P, and K was highest for phacelia. The mixture of seven different catch crops performed equally well. Nutrient uptake was closely related to root length and root surface area.ConclusionsUnder non‐limiting growth conditions, phacelia has the highest potential to conserve N, P, and K for a succeeding crop; however, the low C : N ratio of the frost‐sensitive crop could promote nutrient losses during winter. We conclude that growing a single catch crop can be as effective in reducing the nutrient leaching potential as cultivating a mixture of catch crops when nutrients and water are no growth‐limiting factors.