bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Diurnal Variation of the Aerosol Optical Depth at the ARM SGP Site
Authors: Balmes K. A. , Fu Q. , Thorsen T. J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study examines the diurnal variation of the aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 355 nm observed by Raman lidar (RL) at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program Southern Great Plains (SGP) site under both clear and cloudy‐sky conditions. Here only cloudy‐skies when the lidar signal is not fully attenuated are considered. The daytime AOD and its variation from the RL showed an excellent agreement with the Aerosol Robotic Network, demonstrating that the RL‐retrieved AOD is not affected by solar background contamination. The climatological annual‐mean daytime‐mean AOD is only slightly larger than the nighttime‐mean AOD (by 1%–3%). However, day‐to‐day variations are observed such that the daytime‐ and nighttime‐mean AOD difference for a given day can be large (about 95% of days have differences within 0.2). The seasonal AOD diurnal range (i.e., the difference between the maximum and minimum values) relative to the mean was10%–15% except in the winter when it was44%. The seasonal‐mean cloudy‐sky AOD diurnal variation is similar to that for clear‐sky, except that the AODs are larger (the annual‐mean cloudy‐sky AOD is larger than the clear‐sky by24%). The aerosol lidar ratio diurnal variations are also examined, which are10%–20% for all seasons with a minimum near 9 a.m. to 15 p.m. for all seasons except winter. Also presented is the annual‐mean AOD from the Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite at SGP site: its daytime AOD is about 0.1 smaller than nighttime AOD because of daytime solar background contamination.
Argon‐40 in Lunar Exosphere: Observations From CHACE‐2 on Chandrayaan‐2 Orbiter
Authors: Dhanya M. B. , Thampi Smitha V. , Das Tirtha Pratim , Thampi R. Satheesh , Naik Neha , Abhishek J. K. , Sreelatha P. , Pradeepkumar P. , Padmanabhan G. Padma , Sundar B. , Vajja Dinakar Prasad , Nandi Amarnath , Yadav Vipin K. , Nazeer M. Mohammed , Lali P. T. , John Rosmy , Aliyas A. V. , Sen Vijay Kumar , Prabhu M. Ram , Krishna A. Ajay , Pant Tarun K. , Bhardwaj Anil 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe report the first observation of Argon‐40 (Ar‐40) in the mid latitude regions ( to ) of the lunar exosphere from CHandra’s Atmospheric Composition Explorer‐2 (CHACE‐2) experiment aboard Chandrayaan‐2 orbiter. The number density of Ar‐40 shows pre‐sunrise, sunrise and sunset peaks as well as nightside minima, typical of a condensable gas, which is similar to the features seen at the low latitudes in previous observations. The CHACE‐2 observed number densities of Ar‐40 and its diurnal variation at low latitudes ( to ) is consistent with LACE/Apollo observations. CHACE‐2 observations show Ar‐40 enhancements over certain longitude sectors. In addition to KREEP region, Ar‐40 bulges are observed at other longitudes, including the South Pole Aitken (SPA) terrain. The global distribution of Ar‐40 shows that the sunrise peak is observed at the same local time over highlands and mare regions. These observations call for a deeper understanding of the surface‐exosphere interactions and source distribution.
Measurements of Volatile Organic Compounds During the COVID‐19 Lockdown in Changzhou, China
Authors: Jensen Andrew , Liu Zhiqiang , Tan Wen , Dix Barbara , Chen Tianshu , Koss Abigail , Zhu Liang , Li Li , de Gouw Joost 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 outbreak in 2020 prompted strict lockdowns, reduced human activity, and reduced emissions of air pollutants. We measured volatile organic compounds (VOCs) using a proton‐transfer‐reaction mass spectrometry instrument in Changzhou, China from 8 January through 27 March, including periods of pre‐lockdown, strict measures (level 1), and more relaxed measures (level 2). We analyze the data using positive matrix factorization and resolve four factors: textile industrial emissions (62 ± 10% average reduction during level 1 relative to pre‐lockdown), pharmaceutical industrial emissions (40 ± 20%), traffic emissions (71 ± 10%), and secondary chemistry (20 ± 20%). The two industrial sources showed different responses to the lockdown, so emissions from the industrial sector should not be scaled uniformly. The quantified changes in VOCs due to the lockdowns constrain emission inventories and inform chemistry‐transport models, particularly for sectors where activity data are sparse, as the effects of lockdowns on air quality are explored.
Loss of CDX2 in colorectal cancer is associated with histopathologic subtypes and microsatellite instability but is prognostically inferior to hematoxylin–eosin-based morphologic parameters from the WHO classification
Authors: Konukiewitz Björn , Schmitt Maxime , Silva Miguel , Pohl Junika , Lang Corinna , Steiger Katja , Halfter Kathrin , Engel Jutta , Schlitter Anna Melissa , Boxberg Melanie , Pfarr Nicole , Wilhelm Dirk , Foersch Sebastian , Tschurtschenthaler Markus , Weichert Wilko , Jesinghaus Moritz 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundImmunohistochemical loss of CDX2 has been proposed as a biomarker of dismal survival in colorectal carcinoma (CRC), especially in UICC Stage II/III. However, it remains unclear, how CDX2 expression is related to central hematoxylin–eosin (HE)-based morphologic parameters defined by 2019 WHO classification and how its prognostic relevance is compared to these parameters.MethodsWe evaluated CDX2 expression in 1003 CRCs and explored its prognostic relevance compared to CRC subtypes, tumour budding and WHO grade in the overall cohort and in specific subgroups.ResultsCDX2-low/absent CRCs were enriched in specific morphologic subtypes, right-sided and microsatellite-instable (MSI-H) CRCs (P < 0.001) and showed worse survival characteristics in the overall cohort/UICC Stage II/III (e.g. DFS:P = 0.005) and in microsatellite stable and left-sided CRCs, but not in MSI-H or right-sided CRCs. Compared with CDX2, all HE-based markers showed a significantly better prognostic discrimination in all scenarios. In multivariate analyses including all morphologic parameters, CDX2 was not an independent prognostic factor.ConclusionCDX2 loss has some prognostic impact in univariate analyses, but its prognostic relevance is considerably lower compared to central HE-based morphologic parameters defined by the WHO classification and vanishes in multivariate analyses incorporating these factors.
Human microRNA similarity in breast cancer
Authors: Jing Ying , Li Donghai 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in a variety of human diseases, including breast cancer. A number of miRNAs are up- and down-regulated in breast cancer. However, little is known about miRNA similarity and similarity network in breast cancer. Here, a collection of 272 breast cancer-associated miRNA precursors (pre-miRNAs) were utilized to calculate similarities of sequences, target genes, pathways and functions and construct a combined similarity network. Well-characterized miRNAs and their similarity network were highlighted. Interestingly, miRNA sequence-dependent similarity networks were not identified in spite of sequence–target gene association. Similarity networks with minimum and maximum number of miRNAs originate from pathway and mature sequence, respectively. The breast cancer-associated miRNAs were divided into seven functional classes (classes I–VII) followed by disease enrichment analysis and novel miRNA-based disease similarities were found. The finding would provide insight into miRNA similarity, similarity network and disease heterogeneity in breast cancer.
VLT spectropolarimetry of comet 67P: dust environment around the end of its intense southern summer
Authors: Kwon Yuna G. , Bagnulo Stefano , Markkanen Johannes , Agarwal Jessica , Kolokolova Ludmilla , Levasseur-Regourd Anny-Chantal , Snodgrass Colin , Tozzi Gian P. 
Published: October 2021

Context.A cornucopia of Rosetta and ground-based observational data sheds light on the evolution of the characteristics of dust particles from comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (hereafter 67P) with seasons, implying the different dust environments in the source regions on the surface of the comet.Aims.We aim to constrain the properties of the dust particles of 67P and therefrom diagnose the dust environment of its coma and near-surface layer at around the end of the southern summer of the comet.Methods.We performed spectropolarimetric observations for 67P dust over 4000–9000 Å using the ESO/Very Large Telescope from January–March 2016 (phase angle ranging from ~26° –5°). We examined the optical behaviours of the dust, which, together with Rosetta colour data, were used to search for dust evolution with cometocentric distance. Modelling was also conducted to identify the dust attributes compatible with the results.Results.The spectral dependence of the polarisation degree of 67P dust is flatter than that found in other dynamical groups of comets in similar observing geometry. The depth of its negative polarisation branch appears to be a bit shallower than in long-period comets and might be getting shallower as 67P repeats its apparitions. Its dust colour shows a change in slope around 5500 Å, (17.3 ± 1.4) and (10.9 ± 0.6)% (1000 Å)-1, shortward and longward of the wavelength, respectively, which are slightly redder but broadly consistent with the average of Jupiter-family comets.Conclusions.Observations of 67P dust in this study can be attributed to dust agglomerates of ~100 μm in size detected by Rosetta in early 2016. A porosity of 60% shows the best match with our polarimetric results, yielding a dust density of ~770 kg m-3. The compilation of Rosetta and our data indicates the dust’s reddening with increasing nucleus distance, which may be driven by water-ice sublimation as the dust moves out of the nucleus. We estimate the possible volume fraction of water ice in the initially ejected dust as ~6% (i.e. the refractory-to-ice volume ratio of ~14).
Shear Wave Dispersion Imaging for the Characterization of Focal Liver Lesions – A Pilot study
Authors: Jesper Daniel , Fiedler Steffen , Klett Daniel , Waldner Maximilian J , Schellhaas Barbara , Zundler Sebastian , Neurath Markus F , Pfeifer Lukas 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose Shear wave dispersion imaging is a novel ultrasound-based technique, which analyzes the speed of different shear wave components depending on their frequency. The dispersion of shear wave speed correlates with the viscosity of the liver parenchyma. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the use of shear wave dispersion imaging in focal liver lesions in the non-cirrhotic liver.
Methods Patients with unclear focal liver lesions in B-mode ultrasound were prospectively assigned to shear wave dispersion imaging (m/s/kHz). Measurements were conducted within the lesion and in the liver parenchyma of the right liver lobe using an intercostal window. Histology and contrast-enhanced ultrasound served as the reference for the characterization of the lesions.
Results Out of 46 patients included in this study, 24 had liver metastases and 22 had benign liver lesions. Benign lesions consisted mostly of hemangiomas (n=12) and focal nodular hyperplasia (n=8). Malignant lesions showed significantly lower shear wave dispersion (13.0±2.45 m/s/kHz) compared to benign tumors (15.2±2.74 m/s/kHz, p<0.01). In further subgroup analysis, the difference was significant for hemangiomas (15.32±2.42 m/s/kHz, p=0.04) but not for FNHs (14.98±3.36 m/s/kHz, p=0.38). The dispersion of reference liver parenchyma did not differ significantly between the groups (p=0.54).
Conclusion The quantification of viscosity by shear wave dispersion is a new parameter for the characterization of focal liver lesions with higher dispersion values in hemangiomas and lower dispersion values in metastases. However, it cannot differentiate reliably between benign and malignant lesions.
Synthesis of Methylene-Bridged Trifluoromethyl Azoles Using 5-(1,2,3-Triazol-1-yl)enones
Authors: Zanatta Nilo , Mittersteiner Mateus , Aquino Estefania C. , Budragchaa Tuvshinjargal , Wessjohann Ludger A. , Bonacorso Helio G. , Martins Marcos A. P. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA protocol for synthesizing triazole-containing pyrazolines and pyrazoles selectively using trifluoromethylated 5-(1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)enones as starting materials, is reported. The selectivity of the reaction was controlled by the nature of the hydrazine or derivative used: free hydrazines furnished the 1,5-regiosiomer exclusively in yields up to 98%, whereas protected hydrazines provided the 1,3-regioisomer in yields up to 77%. To demonstrate the synthetic versatility of the triazole-based enone, reactions with other unsymmetrical dinucleophiles (hydroxylamine hydrochloride and S-methyl isothiourea sulfates) allowed the selective preparation of triazole-containing isoxazoline and pyrimidine rings.
Lengths of Stay and Discharge Dispositions after Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Comparison of Robotic-Assisted and Manual Techniques
Authors: Archer Allison , Salem Hytham S. , Coppolecchia Andrea , Mont Michael A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAs evidence signifies that short-stay total knee arthroplasties (TKA) can be safe options, it is important to identify factors that contribute to early discharge. There is evidence that robotic-assisted TKAs may lead to shorter lengths of postoperative stays. However, this has not been evaluated as the primary outcome of interest in a large-scale population. The purpose of this study was to compare manual and robotic-assisted TKAs with regard to: (1) length of stay (LOS) and (2) discharge dispositions. TKAs performed between January 1, 2018, to March 31, 2019, were identified. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 10,296 patients were included: 5,993 in the manual and 4,303 in the robotic-assisted group. Length of stay, discharge dispositions, and Charlson comorbidity indices (CCIs) were recorded for all patients. The mean LOS was significantly lower in robotic-assisted (1.68 ± 0.86 days) compared with manual (1.86 ± 0.94 days) TKA procedures (p < 0.00001). In the robotic-assisted group, 2,049 (47.6%) were discharged in 1 day or less compared with 2,325 (38.8%) in the manual group (p < 0.0001). The proportion discharged home was significantly higher for patients who underwent robotic-assisted (91.3%) compared with manual (87.4%) TKAs (p < 0.00001). When comparing only patients who were discharged home and who did not have home health services, the rate was 51.8% in the robotic-assisted group compared with 44.0% in the manual group (p < 0.00001). The mean CCI was similar for patients who underwent robotic-assisted (2.9 ± 1.4 points) compared with manual (3.0 ± 1.5 points) TKAs. There was a trend toward shorter mean LOS for robotic-assisted versus manual TKA at 17 of the 24 included hospital sites (70.8%). Compared with manual, robotic-assisted TKAs demonstrated shorter lengths of postoperative stays and less need for skilled care after discharge. These results suggest the health care burden resulting from an upsurge of TKA procedures in our aging population might be addressed in part by increased utilization of robotic assistance.
Magnetic Resonance Arthrography of the Wrist: The Impact on Operative Management of Wrist Injuries
Authors: Lee Glenn E. , Forster Grace L. , Freilich Aaron M. , DeGeorge Brent R. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background There is no consensus on the utility of arthrography in the evaluation of wrist injuries. This study evaluates ordering trends of different types of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the wrist and compares rates of surgery following these imaging modalities.
Methods A national claims-based database was used to identify patients who underwent MRI within 90 days of a first-instance diagnosis of wrist injury from 2010 to 2018. The utilization of MRI without intravenous (IV) contrast, MRI with IV contrast, and MRI with arthrogram was investigated. The instances of operative procedures of the wrist within 1 year of MRI study were recorded. Patient demographics, comorbidities, type of operative procedure, and ordering physician specialty were obtained. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the utilization of MRI and subsequent 1-year operative intervention rates as well as association of patient-related factors.
Results Magnetic resonance arthrography use was associated with higher rates of subsequent operative treatment. Surgeons were more likely to order an arthrogram at the time of MRI. Younger patients were more likely to undergo MRI-based advanced imaging.
Conclusion Surgeons may perceive MRA of the wrist to play an important role in operative decision-making following wrist injury.
Level of Evidence This is a Level III, retrospective cohort study.
Fourth-Generation Total Wrist Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review of Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Zijlker Hero Jan Aeilko , Ritt Mathias Joseph Petrus Franciscus , Beumer Annechien 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background The purpose of total wrist arthroplasty is to reduce pain and maintain mobility in a painful destructed wrist. First-, second-, and third-generation total wrist arthroplasties have shown unacceptable outcomes with high failure rates. In 2004, the fourth-generation total wrist implants were introduced to address the clinical problems encountered in the previous generations of total wrist implants.
Methods Outcomes and complications of fourth-generation total wrist implants were systematically reviewed in the literature (2004–present), including the Universal 2, ReMotion, Freedom, Motec, and Maestro total wrist implants.
Results The literature search yielded 114 papers, of which 18 (990 implants) were included in this systematic review. The quality of evidence was low. All implants effectively reduced pain and improved functionality of the wrist. The Motec wrist implant demonstrated the highest survival rate at 10 year follow-up (86%).
Conclusion This systematic review suggests a substantial improvement of quality in fourth-generation total wrist arthroplasty.
Allinside Anatomic Arthroscopic (3A) Reconstruction of Irreparable TFCC Tear
Authors: Atzei Andrea , Tandioy-Delgado Fabio Andrés , Marcovici Lucian Lior , Aust Thomas W. , Luchetti Riccardo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background In recent years, new arthroscopic techniques have been introduced to address the irreparable tears of the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) (Palmer type 1B, Atzei class 4) by replicating the standard Adams–Berger procedure. These techniques, however, show the same limitations of the open procedure in relation to the anatomically defective location of the radial origins of the radioulnar ligaments (RUL) and the risk of neurovascular and/or tendon injury. Aiming to improve the quality of reconstruction and reduce surgical morbidity, a novel arthroscopic technique was developed, with the advantages of reproducing the anatomical origins of the RUL ligaments and providing all-inside tendon graft (TG) deployment and fixation.
Description of Technique The Allinside anatomic arthroscopic (3A) technique is indicated for TG reconstruction of irreparable TFCC tears in the absence of distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) arthritis. Standard wrist arthroscopy portals are used. A small incision in the radial metaphyseal area and arthroscopic control are required to set a Wrist Drill Guide and create two converging tunnels, whose openings are at the radial anatomical origins of the RUL. An ulnar tunnel is drilled at the fovea from inside-out via the 6U portal. A 3-mm tendon strip, from the palmaris longus or extensor carpi radialis brevis, is woven through the tunnels and then secured into the ulnar tunnel with an interference screw. Postoperative immobilization with restricted forearm rotation is discontinued at 5 weeks, and then postoperative rehabilitation is started.
Patients and Methods The 3A technique was applied on 5 patients (2 females and 3 males), with an average age 42 years. DRUJ stability, range of motion (ROM), pain (0–10 visual analogue scale [VAS]), grip strength, modified Mayo wrist score (MMWS), and patient satisfaction were used for evaluation before surgery and at follow-up.
Results No intraoperative or early complications were registered. At a mean follow-up of 26 months, DRUJ was stable in all patients, which recovered 99% ROM. Pain VAS decreased from 7 to 0.6. Grip strength increased from 38 to 48.8 Kgs. There were 4 excellent results and 1 good result on MMWS. All patient showed high satisfaction.
Conclusions Although the 3A technique requires dedicated instrumentation and arthroscopic expertise, it takes advantage of improved intra-articular vision and minimized surgical trauma to reduce the risk of complications and obtain promising functional results.
Risk Factors for Readmission following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Best Matthew J. , Harris Andrew B. , Marrache Majd , Martin Scott D. , Rue John-Paul H. , Wilckens John H. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to identify risk factors for readmission after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction and to determine costs associated with readmission. Using a private insurance claims' database, we identified patients who underwent ACL reconstruction from 2010 to 2015 using the International Classification of Diseases, Version 9 (ICD-9) and Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes. Univariate analysis was performed on demographic data, surgical characteristics, and comorbidities. Variables with p < 0.10 were added to a multivariate logistic regression model which was created to identify independent risk factors for all-cause readmission within 90 days postoperatively. Significance was considered at p < 0.05. Overall, 90,263 patients were included (average age: 29 ± 13 years, 44% female), and 1,066 (1.2%) of patients had a hospital readmission within 90 days following surgery. Risk factors for hospital readmission included cerebrovascular disease (odds ratio [OR] = 3.4, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.9, 6.2), diabetes mellitus (OR = 2.6, 95% CI: 1.9, 3.5), concomitant medial collateral ligament (MCL) or lateral collateral ligament (LCL) reconstruction (OR = 2.5, 95% CI: 1.9, 3.3), concomitant posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction (OR = 2.2, 95% CI: 1.4, 3.3), age between 44 and 65 years (OR = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.6, 2.9), and depression (OR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.49, 2.38, p < 0.001). Female sex was associated with decreased odds of 90-day hospital readmission (OR = 0.8, 95% CI: 0.7, 0.9). Each hospital readmission accounted for an estimated $17,841 (95% CI: $17,173, 18,509) in gross health care payments, and patients with readmissions had substantially higher 1-year cumulative health care costs. Readmission after ACL reconstruction was 1.2%. The strongest risk factors for 90-day readmission include cerebrovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, concomitant MCL/LCL reconstruction, concomitant PCL reconstruction, and age between 44 and 65 years. Readmission was associated with substantial health care costs.