bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The inner flow geometry in MAXI J1820+070 during hard and hard-intermediate states
Authors: De Marco B. , Zdziarski A. A. , Ponti G. , Migliori G. , Belloni T. M. , Segovia Otero A. , Dziełak M. A. , Lai E. V. 
Published: August 2021

Context. We present a systematic X-ray spectral-timing study of the recently discovered, exceptionally bright black hole X-ray binary system MAXI J1820+070. Our analysis focuses on the first part of the 2018 outburst, covering the rise throughout the hard state, the bright hard and hard-intermediate states, and the transition to the soft-intermediate state.
Aims. We address the issue of constraining the geometry of the innermost accretion flow and its evolution throughout an outburst.
Methods. We employed two independent X-ray spectral-timing methods applied to archival NICER data of MAXI J1820+070. We first identified and tracked the evolution of a characteristic frequency of soft X-ray thermal reverberation lags (lags of the thermally reprocessed disc emission after the irradiation of variable hard X-ray photons). This frequency is sensitive to intrinsic changes in the relative distance between the X-ray source and the disc. Then, we studied the spectral evolution of the quasi-thermal component responsible for the observed thermal reverberation lags. We did so by analysing high-frequency covariance spectra, which single out spectral components that vary in a linearly correlated way on the shortest sampled timescales and are thus produced in the innermost regions of the accretion flow.
Results. The frequency of thermal reverberation lags steadily increases throughout most of the outburst, implying that the relative distance between the X-ray source and the disc decreases as the source softens. However, near transition this evolution breaks, showing a sudden increase (decrease) in lag amplitude (frequency). On the other hand, the temperature of the quasi-thermal component in covariance spectra, due to disc irradiation and responsible for the observed soft reverberation lags, consistently increases throughout all the analysed observations.
Conclusions. This study proposes an alternative interpretation to the recently proposed contracting corona scenario. Assuming a constant height for the X-ray source, the steady increase in the reverberation lag frequency and in the irradiated disc temperature in high-frequency covariance spectra can be explained in terms of a decrease in the disc inner radius as the source softens. The behaviour of thermal reverberation lags near transition might be related to the relativistic plasma ejections detected at radio wavelengths, suggesting a causal connection between the two phenomena. Throughout most of the hard and hard-intermediate state, the disc is consistent with being truncated (with an inner radius Rin ≳ 10 Rg), reaching close to the innermost stable circular orbit only near transition.
Intraarterial Chemotherapy for Retinoblastoma – Initial Experiences of a German Reference Centre
Authors: Kiefer Tobias , Schlüter Sabrina , Bechrakis Nikolaos E. , Bornfeld Norbert , Göricke Sophia , Ketteler Petra , Ting Saskia , Geismar Dirk , Biewald Eva 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background Adequate management of retinoblastoma requires a multidisciplinary and individual approach to treatment. Intraarterial chemotherapy (IAC) is one of the most commonly used treatment modalities, and enables supraselective application of chemotherapy via the ophthalmic artery and is now established in almost all treatment centres. However, published treatment success rates are heterogeneous. There are some unanswered issues regarding sight-threatening ocular complications and the long-term occurrence of secondary malignancies and metastatic disease. The objective of the present study is to analyse the results of a German national reference centre.
Methods Retrospective analysis of all children with an indication for at least one IAC from April 2010 to April 2020. IAC was used either as primary or recurrence therapy. Obligatory follow-up was at least 6 months.
Results 137 eyes of 127 children with an indication for IAC could be included. 12 eyes with a follow-up of less than 6 months and 37 eyes in which IAC was technically not feasible were excluded. In summary, 88 eyes of 79 children were finally analysed. Mean follow-up was 38 months, ranging from 7 to 117 months. In total, 195 procedures were completed. In 30 eyes (34.1%) IAC was conducted as primary and in 58 (65.9%) as secondary therapy. There was an initial IAC treatment response in 75 eyes (85.2%) with a recurrence-free rate of 61.3%. Eye salvage rate was 68.1% with 28 enucleated eyes in total. Ocular complications were observed in 36 eyes (40.9%), with 19 eyes (21.6%) showing severe sight-threatening and 11 eyes (12.5%) presenting minor non-sight-threatening toxic reactions. During follow-up, 1 child developed a secondary malignancy, 1 child developed metastasis and 1 child died as a consequence of trilateral retinoblastoma.
Conclusion In summary, IAC is a potent modality for retinoblastoma treatment and has been very successful, even in advanced disease and heavily pretreated eyes. However, ocular complications should be taken in consideration, especially when the only seeing eye is treated. Long term incidences of secondary malignancies and metastatic diseases should be further investigated in prospective studies.
Injury Profile among Elite Youth Male Football Players in a German Academy
Authors: Jaber Ayham , Weishorn Johannes , Berrsche Gregor , Ott Henning , Bangert Yannic 
Published: August 2021

AbstractStudies that report injuries in elite youth football players are scarce. So far, no such studies have been reported in Germany. The aim of this study is to descriptively and statistically report the incidence of injuries that resulted in time-loss ≥ 4 days in the TSG Hoffenheim football academy by 138 male players aged between 12 and 19 years during one season. A total of 109 injuries were sustained by 76 players: 6.9 injuries occurred per 1000 hours of matches (95% CI, 5.0–9.6) and 0.7 injuries per 1000 hours of training (95% CI, 0.5–0.9) with a ratio of 9.8. Some 66% of all injuries occurred during matches. Injuries involved the lower limb (81%), upper limb (9%), head & neck (5%) and trunk injuries (5%). 21 (19%) of all injuries were regarded as severe and resulted in time-loss > 28 days. U16–U19 teams sustained more injuries (74, 68%) than U12–U15 (35, 32%) (P= 0.032). The most frequent diagnosis was thigh strain (22%). Time-loss ranged from 4–339 days (SD: 40, Average: 23). Many injuries were a result of strain. Available injury prevention programs should be adhered to more strictly. Dedicated epidemiological studies are needed to optimize focused injury prevention programs.
Uveal Melanoma – Standardised Procedure in Diagnosis, Therapy and Surveillance
Authors: Bechrakis Nikolaos E. , Bornfeld Norbert , Heindl Ludwig M. , Skoetz Nicole , Leyvraz Serge , Joussen Antonia M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background Uveal melanoma is a rare intraocular tumour, for which there is currently no national evidence-based guideline in Germany. The aim of this project was to provide a common standard operating procedure (SOP) for the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up care of uveal melanoma, within the network of German leading oncology centres funded by German Cancer Aid. The SOP was created as part of a moderated consensus process.
Results and Conclusion In a multistage process, a common SOP was developed for the diagnosis, therapy and follow-up of uveal melanoma, as based on current knowledge of the subject.
High Chemoselectivity in the Construction of Aryl Methyl Sulfones via an Unexpected C–S Bond Formation between Sulfonylhydrazides and Dimethyl Phosphite
Authors: Huang Chao , Cheng Feixiang , Liu Teng , Yu Shiwen , Shen Xiang , Li Yixian , Liu Jianjun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA highly chemoselective route to aryl methyl sulfones via an unexpected C–S bond formation between sulfonylhydrazides and dimethyl phosphite catalyzed by NaI under mild conditions has been established. This transformation provides an alternative and metal-free pathway to acquire various aryl methyl sulfones in good to excellent yields. Notably, dimethyl phosphite was employed as a stable and readily available alkyl source.
Diagnosis and Neurosurgical Management of Cerebral Nocardiosis
Authors: Karam Carley , Siadati Abdolreza 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPrimary Nocardia infections are uncommon gram-positive bacterial infections caused by aerobic actinomycetes and are typically regarded as opportunistic infections (only one-third of infected patients are immunocompetent). Risk factors include: glucocorticoid therapy, malignancy, organ transplant recipients, human immunodeficiency virus infections, tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitor therapy, diabetes mellitus, alcoholism, inflammatory bowel disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic granulomatous disease, and tuberculosis. The organism has a predisposition to disseminate to the central nervous system and can relapse or progress despite appropriate therapy. Treatment ranges from oral antibiotic management to multiple intravenous antibiotic therapy, with surgical intervention required for severe cases. The surgical options include aspiration or complete excision of abscess contents and capsule. In the present case, we describe the use of bilateral craniotomy with assisted image guidance and multiple abscess excision in an immunocompetent patient with systemic nocardiosis.
Prediction of Major Bleeding in Anticoagulated Patients for Venous Thromboembolism: Comparison of the RIETE and the VTE-BLEED Scores
Authors: Lecumberri Ramón , Jiménez Laura , Ruiz-Artacho Pedro , Nieto José Antonio , Ruiz-Giménez Nuria , Visonà Adriana , Skride Andris , Moustafa Fares , Trujillo Javier , Monreal Manuel ,   for the RIETE investigators
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe performance of validated bleeding risk scores in patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE) could be different depending on the time after index event or the site of bleeding. In this study we compared the “classic” Registro Informatizado de Enfermedad TromboEmbólica (RIETE) score and the more recently developed VTE-BLEED score for the prediction of major bleeding in patients under anticoagulant therapy in different time intervals after VTE diagnosis. Out of 82,239 patients with acute VTE, the proportion of high-risk patients according to the RIETE and VTE-BLEED scores was 7.1 and 62.3%, respectively. The performance of both scores across the different study periods (first 30 days after VTE diagnosis, days 31–90, days 91–180, and days 181–360) was similar, with areas under the receiving operating characteristics (ROC) curve (AUC) ranging between 0.69 and 0.72. However, the positive predictive values were low, ranging between 0.6 and 3.9 (better for early major bleeding than for later periods). A sensitivity analysis limited to patients with unprovoked VTE showed comparable results. Both scores showed a trend toward a better prediction of extracranial than intracranial major bleeding, the RIETE score resulting more useful for early extracranial bleeding and the VTE-BLEED for late intracranial hemorrhages. Our study reveals that the usefulness of available bleeding scores may vary depending on the characteristics of the patient population and the time frame evaluated. Dynamic scores could be more useful for this purpose.
Biliary Strictures: A Surgeon's Perspective for Interventional Radiologists
Authors: Katariya Nitin , Mathur Amit K. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBiliary strictures can be a challenging clinical problem to manage and often have unclear etiologies, including benign and malignant causes. Left untreated, these problems can lead to significant morbidity and mortality linked to their underlying diagnosis. The approach to adult patients with biliary strictures requires a multidisciplinary team involving surgeons, interventional endoscopists, and interventional radiologists for diagnosis, symptom relief, palliation, as well as potential curative management. From a surgeon's perspective, there are many ways to classify and approach these strictures. It is of paramount importance to start with an excellent understanding of the patient's prior surgical history. In approaching a patient with a new diagnosis of biliary stricture, it is also critical to understand its etiology relatively quickly, as 70% are malignant in the adult population. Concurrently, one must clearly define the location and extent of the stricture: intrahepatic, hilar, or distal extrahepatic bile duct, as well as whether it is a singular lesion or multifocal phenotypes. This information provides a path forward in clinical decision-making regarding durability and efficacy of therapy, which is typically aimed at decompression and/or surgical resection to prevent cholangitis, sepsis, and progressive hepatic insufficiency.
Treatment of Malignant Bile Duct Obstruction: What the Interventional Radiologist Needs to Know
Authors: Camacho Juan C. , Brody Lynn A. , Covey Anne M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractManagement of malignant bile duct obstruction is both a clinically important and technically challenging aspect of caring for patients with advanced malignancy. Bile duct obstruction can be caused by extrinsic compression, intrinsic tumor/stone/debris, or by biliary ischemia, inflammation, and sclerosis. Common indications for biliary intervention include lowering the serum bilirubin level for chemotherapy, ameliorating pruritus, treating cholangitis or bile leak, and providing access for bile duct biopsy or other adjuvant therapies. In some institutions, biliary drainage may also be considered prior to hepatic or pancreatic resection. Prior to undertaking biliary intervention, it is essential to have high-quality cross-sectional imaging to determine the level of obstruction, the presence of filling defects or atrophy, and status of the portal vein. High bile duct obstruction, which we consider to be obstruction above, at, or just below the confluence (Bismuth classifications IV, III, II, and some I), is optimally managed percutaneously rather than endoscopically because interventional radiologists can target specific ducts for drainage and can typically avoid introducing enteric contents into isolated undrained bile ducts. Options for biliary drainage include external or internal/external catheters and stents. In the setting of high obstruction, placement of a catheter or stent above the ampulla, preserving the function of the sphincter of Oddi, may lower the risk of future cholangitis by preventing enteric contamination of the biliary tree. Placement of a primary suprapapillary stent without a catheter, when possible, is the procedure most likely to keep the biliary tree sterile.
Role of Interventional Radiology in the Management of Acute Cholangitis
Authors: Entezari Pouya , Aguiar Jonathan A. , Salem Riad , Riaz Ahsun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAcute cholangitis presents with a wide severity spectrum and can rapidly deteriorate from local infection to multiorgan failure and fatal sepsis. The pathophysiology, diagnosis, and general management principles will be discussed in this review article. The focus of this article will be on the role of biliary drainage performed by interventional radiology to manage acute cholangitis. There are specific scenarios where percutaneous drainage should be preferred over endoscopic drainage. Percutaneous transhepatic and transjejunal biliary drainage are both options available to interventional radiology. Additionally, interventional radiology is now able to manage these patients beyond providing acute biliary drainage including cholangioplasty, stenting, and percutaneous cholangioscopy/biopsy.
Elevated ESR and CRP Prior to Second-Stage Reimplantation Knee Revision Surgery for Periprosthetic Joint Infection Are Associated with Increased Reinfection Rates
Authors: Klemt Christian , Padmanabha Anand , Esposito John G. , Laurencin Samuel , Smith Evan J. , Kwon Young-Min 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAlthough two-stage revision surgery is considered as the most effective treatment for managing chronic periprosthetic joint infection (PJI), there is no current consensus on the predictors of optimal timing to second-stage reimplantation. This study aimed to compare clinical outcomes between patients with elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) prior to second-stage reimplantation and those with normalized ESR and CRP prior to second-stage reimplantation. We retrospectively reviewed 198 patients treated with two-stage revision total knee arthroplasty for chronic PJI. Cohorts included patients with: (1) normal level of serum ESR and CRP (n = 96) and (2) elevated level of serum ESR and CRP prior to second-stage reimplantation (n = 102). Outcomes including reinfection rates and readmission rates were compared between both cohorts. At a mean follow-up of 4.4 years (2.8–6.5 years), the elevated ESR and CRP cohort demonstrated significantly higher reinfection rates compared with patients with normalized ESR and CRP prior to second-stage reimplantation (33.3% vs. 14.5%, p < 0.01). Patients with both elevated ESR and CRP demonstrated significantly higher reinfection rates, when compared with patients with elevated ESR and normalized CRP (33.3% vs. 27.6%, p = 0.02) as well as normalized ESR and elevated CRP (33.3% vs. 26.3%, p < 0.01). This study demonstrates that elevated serum ESR and/or CRP levels prior to reimplantation in two-stage knee revision surgery for chronic PJI are associated with increased reinfection rate after surgery. Elevation of both ESR and CRP were associated with a higher risk of reinfection compared with elevation of either ESR or CRP, suggesting the potential benefits of normalizing ESR and CRP prior to reimplantation in treatment of chronic PJI.
Increasing prediction accuracy of plasma arc properties by considering current density deduced from measured cathode region
Authors: Tang Hao , Liu ZuMing 
Published: August 2021

To accurately simulate the plasma arc (PA) behavior in a wide current range, a steady two-dimensional model for the numerical calculation of the axisymmetric PA considering the high temperature cathode region (HTCR) was proposed. Based on the experimentally measured HTCR area, two distribution forms, namely, the mean value method and the Gaussian distribution method, were used to simulate the current density distribution behavior in the tungsten tip. The two proposed current densities were compared with the average current density model with a fixed discharge region. The Gaussian distribution form was chosen after a comprehensive comparison of experimental measured data and simulation data in aspects of arc pressure, electron temperature, and arc voltage at a welding current of 120 A. The model was verified to be accepted in a current range of 110–170 A by comparing the simulated and measured peak arc pressure values. The model has higher prediction accuracy over the common plasma arc model with the unchanged tip cathode, extends the prediction current range, and provides a tool for optimizing the nozzle structure and process parameters.
EURAMET comparison of 500 kg mass standard EURAMET.M.M-S7
Authors: Grum M , Zůda J , Grgić G , Nawotka M , Žandarova T , Pärn A , Kilponen S , Gutfelt B , Neuvonen P T , Zelenka Z , Wüthrich C , Panesar M , Conceição P , Pirée H , Vámossy C , Ališić Š , Vukoslavović G , Pantić D , Mangutova-Stoilkovska B , Miteva M , Popa G F 
Published: August 2021

Main text
In order to demonstrate the equivalence in calibration of 500 kg mass standard, a supplementary comparison has been carried out by 20 members of EURAMET. The overall result shows a good consistency among the participants.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Inverse Domination To The Transformation Of Path Related Graphs
Authors: Santha S. , Krishna Veni G.T. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A set D of vertices in a graph G (V, E) is a dominating set of G, if every vertex in V-D is adjacent to at least one vertex in D. If V-D contains a dominatingset D’ of
G then D’ is called an inverse dominating set with respect to
D. In this paper we have established some theorems and properties of the inverse domination number to the transformation of path related graphs.
Total Energy of Cycle and Some Cycle Related Graphs
Authors: Palani K. , LalithaKumari M. , Pandiselvi L. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this article we write algorithms and MATLAB programs to find the total energy of Cycle and some Cycle related graphs. The concept of total matrix and total energy of a graph G is introduced by K.Palani&M.Lalithakumari in [9]. Let G=(V, E) be a (p, q) simple graph. Let V (G) = {ν

i
/i = 1,2, … p} and E (G) = {e

i
/i = 1,2, … q}. The total matrix T = T(G) of G is a square matrix of order p + q whose (i, j)-entry is defined as:

T
=

(

t

i
j

)

=

{

1

if

v

i

adjacent to

v

j

i
≠
j

1

if

e

i

adjacent to

e

j

i
≠
j

1

e

i

incident with

v

j

0

otherwise

The Total Energy of a graph is the sum of absolute value of the eigen values of its Total matrix T(G). For any (p, q) graph G, the total number of eigen value is p+q.
Let λ
1, λ
2, λ
3, … λ

p+q
be the eigen values of T. Then total energy of G is T
E =

∑

i
+
1

p
+
q

|

λ

i

|

.
Structure and phase composition features of nickel-based superalloy after electron beam additive process
Authors: Gurianov D A , Fortuna S V , Nikonov S Y , Kulkov S N 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In the present work, the structure and properties of products from heat-resistant nickel-based superalloy ZhS6U formed by wire-feed electron beam additive technology were investigated. Products were obtained under different parameters of electron beam additive process (accelerating voltage, beam current and movement speed of working table were varied). It was shown that a high speed of displacement leads to the formation of defects in the form of cracks and delamination of the obtained product from the substrate, which also leads to the appearance of cracks. It has been established that the greatest energy input leads to evaporation of aluminum (the main hardening γ’ phase). The phase composition of the additive product did not differ from the original material.
Investigation of plasmachemical synthesis of oxide compositions for plutonium-thorium dispersion nuclear fuel
Authors: Karengin A G , Karengin A A , Novoselov I Yu , Tikhonov A E 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This paper presents the results of experimental studies on the process of plasmachemical synthesis of fuel oxide compositions for plutonium-thorium dispersion nuclear fuel. Precursors were simulated water-organic nitrate solutions, which have a lower calorific value near 8.4 MJ/kg. The precursors consisted of an organic component (acetone) and mixed water nitrate solutions including a matrix metal (magnesium, yttrium), samarium (instead of plutonium), and cerium (instead of thorium). The authors determined the compositions and modes of processing simulated solutions that provide plasmachemical synthesis of nanosized complex oxide powders imitating plutonium-thorium dispersion nuclear fuel.