bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel balanced single/dual‐band bandpass filters based on a circular patch resonator
Authors: Zhang Qiao , Chen Chang , Chen Weidong , Ding Jun , Zhang Hualiang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA new strategy for designing single‐band and dual‐band balanced bandpass filters (BPFs) based on a circular patch resonator is proposed in this study. By altering the output balanced ports of the balanced BPFs to inhibit or transport the TM31 mode of the circular patch resonator under the differential‐mode (DM) excitation, a single‐band or dual‐band balanced BPF can be realized. As the odd modes could be restrained under the common‐mode (CM) excitation, the balanced BPFs could feature high CM suppression in the DM passbands. Meanwhile, several perturbing tactics are introduced to improve the performance of the balanced BPFs. Specifically, perturbation vias are presented to disturb the electric field distribution to enhance the CM suppression in the DM passbands, and slots are applied on the circular patch resonators to perturb the current distribution to amend the second DM passband of the dual‐band balanced BPF. The proposed single‐band and dual‐band balanced BPFs are fabricated and characterized. Good agreement can be achieved between the simulated and measured results of the fabricated balanced BPFs, which validates the feasibility of the proposed design method.
Diffuse radio emission from galaxy clusters in the LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey Deep Fields
Authors: Osinga E. , van Weeren R. J. , Boxelaar J. M. , Brunetti G. , Botteon A. , Brüggen M. , Shimwell T. W. , Bonafede A. , Best P. N. , Bonato M. , Cassano R. , Gastaldello F. , di Gennaro G. , Hardcastle M. J. , Mandal S. , Rossetti M. , Röttgering H. J. A. , Sabater J. , Tasse C. 
Published: January 2021

Low-frequency radio observations are revealing an increasing number of diffuse synchrotron sources from galaxy clusters, primarily in the form of radio halos or radio relics. The existence of this diffuse synchrotron emission indicates the presence of relativistic particles and magnetic fields. It is still an open question as to exactly what mechanisms are responsible for the population of relativistic electrons driving this synchrotron emission. The LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey Deep Fields offer a unique view of this problem. Reaching noise levels below 30 μJy beam−1, these are the deepest images made at the low frequency of 144 MHz. This paper presents a search for diffuse emission in galaxy clusters in the first data release of the LOFAR Deep Fields. We detect a new high-redshift radio halo with a flux density of 8.9 ± 1.0 mJy and corresponding luminosity of P144MHz = (3.6 ± 0.6) × 1025 W Hz−1 in an X-ray detected cluster at z = 0.77 with a mass estimate of M500 = 3.3−1.7+1.1 × 1014 M⊙. Deep upper limits are placed on clusters with non-detections. We compare the results to the correlation between halo luminosity and cluster mass derived for radio halos found in the literature. This study is one of a few to find diffuse emission in low mass (M500 < 5 × 1014 M⊙) systems and shows that deep low-frequency observations of galaxy clusters are fundamental for opening up a new part of parameter space in the study of non-thermal phenomena in galaxy clusters.
The past and future obliquity of Saturn as Titan migrates
Authors: Saillenfest Melaine , Lari Giacomo , Boué Gwenaël , Courtot Ariane 
Published: January 2021

Context. Giant planets are expected to form with near-zero obliquities. It has recently been shown that the fast migration of Titan could be responsible for the current 26.7°-tilt of Saturn’s spin axis.
Aims. We aim to quantify the level of generality of this result by measuring the range of parameters allowing for this scenario to happen. Since Titan continues to migrate today, we also aim to determine the obliquity that Saturn will reach in the future.
Methods. For a large variety of migration rates for Titan, we numerically propagated the orientation of Saturn’s spin axis both backwards and forwards in time. We explored a broad range of initial conditions after the late planetary migration, including both small and large obliquity values.
Results. In the adiabatic regime, the likelihood of reproducing Saturn’s current spin-axis orientation is maximised for primordial obliquities between about 2° and 7°. For a slightly faster migration than expected from radio-science experiments, non-adiabatic effects even allow for exactly null primordial obliquities. Starting from such small tilts, Saturn’s spin axis can evolve up to its current state provided that: (i) the semi-major axis of Titan changed by more than 5% of its current value since the late planetary migration, and (ii) its migration rate does not exceed ten times the nominal measured rate. In comparison, observational data suggest that the increase in Titan’s semi-major axis exceeded 50% over 4 Gyr, and error bars imply that the current migration rate is unlikely to be larger than 1.5 times its nominal value.
Conclusions. If Titan did migrate substantially before today, tilting Saturn from a small obliquity is not only possible, but it is the most likely scenario. Saturn’s obliquity is still expected to be increasing today and could exceed 65° in the future. Maximising the likelihood would also put strict constraints on Saturn’s polar moment of inertia. However, the possibility remains that Saturn’s primordial obliquity was already large, for instance as a result of a massive collision. The unambiguous distinction between these two scenarios would be given by a precise measure of Saturn’s polar moment of inertia.
Quantification of Early and Intermediate Age-related
Macular Degeneration Using OCT “en face” Presentation
Authors: Jürgens Frauke , Rothaus Kai , Faatz Henrik , Heimes-Bussmann Britta , Pauleikhoff Daniel , Lommatzsch Albrecht Peter 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background Early and intermediate age-related macular degeneration (AMD)
results in drusen deposits under the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). These
early stages of AMD exhibit different risks of progressing to late AMD. To date,
early AMD has been classified and quantified by fundus photography. This does
not appear to be sensitive enough for clinical trials studying the impact on
drusen. SD-OCT with two-dimensional rendering of the segmented slices analysed
allows for en face imaging of the drusen. The present trial studied the
potential of quantifying early and intermediate AMD by en-face optical coherence
tomography (OCT).
Material and Methods Thirty-one eyes of 29 patients in different stages of
early and intermediate AMD were studied. To this end, fundus photographs (Kowa
VX-10i, Kowa, Tokyo, Japan) and en-face OCT images (RTVue XR Avanti, Optovue,
Inc., Fremont, CA, USA) were taken. First, different segmentation levels (6 µm
underneath the RPE, on the RPE, 6 µm and 9 µm above the RPE) and different layer
thicknesses (5 µm, 10 µm, 20 µm and 30 µm) were analysed to determine the best
segmentation for visualising drusen. Drusen were marked manually and their
number and surface area calculated. This analysis was then compared with the
standardised drusen analyses on fundus photography. Additional changes in early
and intermediate AMD such as pigment epithelial detachments (PEDs) and
subretinal drusenoid deposits (SDD) as well as small atrophies were also
documented and compared.
Outcomes The best segmentation for delineating the drusen on the en-face
OCT images was found to be a segmentation 6 µm underneath the RPE with a slice
thickness of 20 µm. Comparison of drusen quantification on en-face OCT images
with the standardised drusen analysis on fundus photography revealed
particularly good similarity. Other changes in early and intermediate AMD, such
as PEDs, SDD and small atrophies, were easier to assess on the en-face OCT
images.
Conclusions The analysis and quantification of drusen from en-face OCT
images with 20 µm segmentation at 6 µm underneath the RPE allows differentiated
quantification of various drusen characteristics. Moreover, other changes in
early and intermediate AMD can also be analysed. In future observational and
clinical trials, this could help quantify drusen.
Lebensqualität nach Brustkrebs: Erfassung, Relevanz und effektive Interventionen
Authors: Schmidt Martina , Steindorf Karen 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungGesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität ist für Brustkrebsbetroffene in allen Stadien, sowohl während als auch mittel- und langfristig nach Abschluss der Therapie, von großer Relevanz. Bei Zulassungsstudien für neue Behandlungen sowie wissenschaftlichen Studien zum Vergleich verschiedener Therapien gewinnt Lebensqualität als Endpunkt zunehmend an Bedeutung. Neben einer kurzen globalen Einschätzung der Lebensqualität sollten weitere wichtige Patient-Reported Outcomes erhoben werden. Patientinnen mit Brustkrebs berichten häufig über Einschränkungen durch Fatigue, Schlafprobleme, sexuelle bzw. klimakterische Probleme, kognitive Probleme, psychische Probleme und Verlust an körperlicher Leistungsfähigkeit. Die Lebensqualität nach Brustkrebs könnte vermutlich weiter gesteigert werden, wenn Aufklärung, Screening und Behandlung dieser Symptome systematischer Bestandteil der onkologischen Versorgung würden.
Rationaler Einsatz der klassischen Naturheilverfahren und Balneotherapie in der rheumatologischen Rehabilitation
Authors: Lohmann Sandra , Schwarz-Eywill Michael , Mahn Karin , Gerß Lisa , Gehlen Martin 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungZu den klassischen Naturheilverfahren gehören unter anderen die Elemente Hydrotherapie, Bewegungstherapie, Ernährungstherapie, Ordnungstherapie und Phytotherapie. Die Ordnungstherapie ist das übergreifende Therapieelement. Zahlreiche naturheilkundliche Verfahren sind ebenso Bestandteil balneologischer Therapiekonzepte. In jeder modernen rheumatologischen Rehabilitation werden die naturheilkundlichen Elemente therapeutisch eingesetzt mit dem Ziel, Funktionseinschränkungen und die daraus entstehenden Folgen auf Aktivitäten des Alltags und auf den Beruf zu verbessern. Der Artikel soll einen Überblick über evidenzbasierte naturheilkundliche Therapien und ihren Einsatz in der rheumatologischen Rehabilitation zu geben.
Beeinflussung von strukturellen Dysphagien durch eine phoniatrische Rehabilitation
Authors: Keilmann Annerose , Wach Franziska-Sophie , Konerding Uwe 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungPatienten, die wegen Kopf-Hals-Tumoren behandelt wurden, leiden häufig an Dysphagien. Dysphagien können mittels Fragebögen, die die Betroffenen ausfüllen, oder über Expertenratings, die z. B. die Konsistenz der Nahrung, die Dauer der Nahrungsaufnahme, die Notwendigkeit einer perkutanen endoskopischen Gastrostomie (PEG) und die Ergebnisse instrumenteller Untersuchungen wie der fiberoptischen endoskopischen Evaluation des Schluckens (FEES) berücksichtigen, bewertet werden. Das Ziel unserer Studie war die Untersuchung des Effekts einer phoniatrischen stationären Rehabilitation bei Patienten, die wegen eines Kopf-Hals-Tumors behandelt worden waren. Zu Beginn und am Ende der Reha füllten die 219 Teilnehmer (davon 138 Männer) im mittleren Alter von 62,8 (± 10,2) Jahren die deutsche Version des Eating Assessment Tools (EAT-10) aus und sie wurden anhand des Bogenhausener Dysphagie-Scores (BODS) unter Berücksichtigung von anamnestischen und klinischen Daten klassifiziert.In beiden Parametern ergaben sich signifikante Verbesserungen, aber beide Parameter waren nur mäßig korreliert. Die Veränderungen in beiden Parametern waren nicht korreliert.Zur Untersuchung von Dysphagien sollten sowohl klinische Einschätzungen als auch die subjektive Beurteilung erfasst werden
Mild Copper-Catalyzed Addition of Arylboronic Esters to Di-tert-butyl Dicarbonate: An Easy Access to Methyl Arylcarboxylates
Authors: Liu Jing-Hui , Hu Guo-Qin , Xu Jin-Di , Su Xiao-Bo , Wang Cai , Yao Li-Wei 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAn efficient copper-catalyzed addition of arylboronic esters to (Boc)2O was developed. The reaction can be conducted under exceedingly mild conditions and is compatible with a variety of synthetically relevant functional groups. It therefore represents a useful alternative route for the synthesis of methyl arylcarboxylates. A preliminary mechanistic study indicated the involvement of an addition–elimination mechanism.
Pre-eclampsia: Universal Screening or Universal Prevention for Low and Middle-Income Settings?
Authors: De Oliveira Leandro Gustavo , Diniz Angélica Lemos Debs , Prado Caio Antônio de Campos , Cunha Filho Edson Vieira Da , Souza Francisco Lázaro Pereira De , Korkes Henri Augusto , Ramos José Geraldo , Costa Maria Laura , Corrêa Junior Mário Dias , Sass Nelson , Cavalli Ricardo De Carvalho , Martins-Costa Sérgio Hofmeister De Almeida , Peraçoli José Carlos 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPre-eclampsia (PE) is a severe disorder that affects up to 8% of all pregnancies and represents an important cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. The screening of the disease is a subject of studies, but the complexity and uncertainties regarding its etiology make this objective a difficult task. In addition, the costs related to screening protocols, the heterogeneity of the most affected populations and the lack of highly effective prevention methods reduce the potential of current available algorithms for screening. Thus, the National Specialized Commission of Hypertension in Pregnancy of the Brazilian Association of Gynecology and Obstetrics Federation (Febrasgo, in the Portuguese acronym) (NSC Hypertension in Pregnancy of the Febrasgo) considers that there are no screening algorithms to be implemented in the country to date and advocates that Aspirin and calcium should be widely used.
Metrics Used to Quantify Fecal Incontinence and Constipation
Authors: Hunt Cameron W. , Cavallaro Paul M. , Bordeianou Liliana G. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWhile fecal incontinence and constipation can be measured through physiological testing, the subjective experience of severity and impact on health-related quality of life lead to both being most effectively captured through patient-reported measures. Patient-reported measures of severity and impact help to determine baseline symptoms, guide clinical decision making, and compare various treatments. Here, we take pause to review the psychometric qualities that make effective instruments, and discuss some of the most commonly used instruments along with the reasons behind their use. In addition, we highlight the benefits of a standardized instrument designed to evaluate the major symptoms of patients presenting with pelvic floor disorders (including fecal incontinence and constipation). Ultimately, we aim to provide guidance in choosing appropriate instruments for clinical and research use.
Follicular Fluid from Infertile Women with Mild Endometriosis Impairs In Vitro Bovine Embryo Development: Potential Role of Oxidative Stress
Authors: Giorgi Vanessa Silvestre Innocenti , Ferriani Rui Alberto , Navarro Paula Andrea 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective To investigate whether follicular fluid (FF) from infertile women with mild endometriosis (ME) alters in vitro bovine embryo development, and whether the antioxidants N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) and/or L-carnitine (LC) could prevent such damages.
Methods Follicular fluid was obtained from infertile women (11 with ME and 11 control). Bovine oocytes were matured in vitro divided in: No-FF, with 1% of FF from control women (CFF) or ME women (MEFF); with 1.5 mM NAC (CFF + NAC, MEFF + NAC), with 0.6 mg/mL LC (CFF + LC, MEFF + LC), or both antioxidants (CFF + NAC + LC, MEFF + NAC + LC). After in vitro fertilization, in vitro embryo culture was performed for 9 days.
Results A total of 883 presumptive zygotes were cultured in vitro. No differences were observed in cleavage rate (p = 0.5376) and blastocyst formation rate (p = 0.4249). However, the MEFF group (12.5%) had lower hatching rate than the No-FF (42.1%, p = 0.029) and CFF (42.9%, p = 0.036) groups. Addition of antioxidants in the group with CFF did not alter hatching rate (p ≥ 0.56), and in groups with MEFF, just NAC increased the hatching rate [(MEFF: 12.5% versus MEFF + NAC: 44.4% (p = 0.02); vs MEFF + LC: 18.8% (p = 0.79); versus MEFF + NAC + LC: 30.8% (p = 0.22)].
Conclusion Therefore, FF from infertile women with ME added to medium of in vitro maturation of bovine oocytes impairs hatching rate, and NAC prevented these damages, suggesting involvement of oxidative stress in worst of oocyte and embryo quality of women with ME.
Residual Disease after Operative Hysteroscopy in Patients with Endometrioid Endometrial Cancer Associated with Polyps
Authors: Simonsen Marcelo , Mantoan Henrique , Faloppa Carlos Chaves , Kumagai Lillian Yuri , Badiglian Filho Levon , Machado Andrea Guerreiro , Tayfour Najla Mohamed , Baiocchi Glauco 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective To evaluate the presence of residual disease in the uterine specimen after hysteroscopic polypectomy or polyp biopsy in patients with endometrioid endometrial cancer (EC).
Methods We analyzed a series of 104 patients (92 cases from the Hospital AC Camargo and 12 from the Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo) with polyps that were diagnosed by hysteroscopy, showing endometrioid EC associated with the polyp or in the final pathological specimen. Patients underwent a surgical approach for endometrial cancer from January 2002 to January 2017. Their clinical and pathological data were retrospectively retrieved from the medical records.
Results In 78 cases (75%), the polyp had EC, and in 40 (38.5%), it was restricted to the polyp, without endometrial involvement. The pathologic stage was IA in 96 cases (92.3%) and 90 (86.5%) had histologic grade 1 or 2. In 18 cases (17.3%), there was no residual disease in the final uterine specimen, but only in 9 of them the hysteroscopy suggested that the tumor was restricted to the polyp. In 5 cases (4.8%) from the group without disease outside of the polyp during hysteroscopy, myometrial invasion was noted in the final uterine specimen. This finding suggests the possibility of disease extrapolation through the base of the polyp.
Conclusion Patients with endometrioid EC associated with polyps may have the tumor completely removed during hysteroscopy, but the variables shown in the present study could not safely predict which patient would have no residual disease.
Agreement Analysis between Sonographic Estimates and Birth Weight, by the WHO and Intergrowth-21st Tables, in Newborns of Diabetic Mothers
Authors: Souza Marcus Vinícius Rodrigues de , Fróes Lívia Pinto e , Cortez Pedro Afonso , Lauria Márcio Weissheimer , Aguiar Regina Amélia Lopes de , Rajão Kamilla Maria Araújo Brandão 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective To analyze the agreement, in relation to the 90th percentile, of ultrasound measurements of abdominal circumference (AC) and estimated fetal weight (EFW), between the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Fetal and Newborn Growth Consortium for the 21st Century (intergrowth-21st) tables, as well as regarding birth weight in fetuses/newborns of diabetic mothers.
Methods Retrospective study with data from medical records of 171 diabetic pregnant women, single pregnancies, followed between January 2017 and June 2018. Abdominal circumference and EFW data at admission (from 22 weeks) and predelivery (up to 3 weeks) were analyzed. These measures were classified in relation to the 90th percentile. The Kappa coefficient was used to analyze the agreement of these ultrasound variables between the WHO and intergrowth-21st tables, as well as, by reference table, these measurements and birth weight.
Results The WHO study reported 21.6% large-for-gestational-age (LGA) newborns while the intergrowth-21st reported 32.2%. Both tables had strong concordances in the assessment of initial AC, final AC, and initial EFW (Kappa = 0.66, 0.72 and 0.63, respectively) and almost perfect concordance in relation to final EFW (Kappa = 0.91). Regarding birth weight, the best concordances were found for initial AC (WHO: Kappa = 0.35; intergrowth-21st: Kappa = 0.42) and with the final EFW (WHO: Kappa = 0.33; intergrowth- 21st: Kappa = 0.35).
Conclusion The initial AC and final EFW were the parameters of best agreement regarding birth weight classification. The WHO and intergrowth-21st tables showed high agreement in the classification of ultrasound measurements in relation to the 90th percentile. Studies are needed to confirm whether any of these tables are superior in predicting short- and long-term negative outcomes in the LGA group.
Prevalence of Depression and Anxiety during the COVID-19 Pandemic among the Residents of an Urban Slum in North India
Authors: Rehman Tanveer , Singh Tarundeep , Sharma Sugandhi , Kumar Jitender , Govindan Dhanajayan , Singh Shubh Mohan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Objectives This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of depression and anxiety, and assess the knowledge, practice, and concerns regarding coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among the residents of an urban slum in Chandigarh, India.

Materials and Methods Participants were screened using Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scales.

Results The mean (standard deviation) age of 200 enrolled participants was 33 (13) years with 83% (n = 166) being females. The prevalence of depression and anxiety was 3.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.95–6.05) and 2.5% (95% CI: 0.34–4.66), respectively. Of total, 46% (n = 92) knew that COVID-19 can transmit through droplets and 30.5% (n = 61) were concerned that they might get infected with disease. Half of the participants (n = 100) believed that there was unnecessary worry regarding COVID-19 and 78% (n = 156) covered mouth while coughing or sneezing.

Conclusion To cope with this critical situation, it is necessary to strengthen the awareness programs targeting the mental health issues of the people.
Variceal Veins Embolization and Left Renal Vein Stenting in a Patient with Combined Nutcracker and May–Thurner Syndrome
Authors: Aghdasi Sina , Serati Ali Reza , Moosavi Jamal , Emami Sepideh , Movahed Mohammad Reza 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNutcracker syndrome is defined as a compression of left renal vein leading to symptomatic hematuria and flank pain. There are very few reports about its association with May–Thurner syndrome that is related to compression of left iliac vein causing severe leg edema. We are reporting a rare case of a patient having both conditions successfully treated with sequential percutaneous interventions. This case and treatment options are discussed in detail.
Effect of Different Host-Related Factors on Postoperative Endodontic Pain in Necrotic Teeth Dressed with Interappointment Intracanal Medicaments: A Multicomparison Study
Authors: Shabbir Juzer , Khurshid Zohaib , Qazi Fazal , Sarwar Huma , Afaq Hasan , Salman Saima , Adanir Necdet 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectives The current study aimed to assess the impact of factors such as age, gender, and the tooth type on postoperative endodontic pain in necrotic teeth with symptomatic periapical periodontitis and radiolucency dressed randomly with either calcium hydroxide or propolis paste.Materials and Methods The standard chemomechanical root canal preparation of 80 teeth was performed by the primary investigator. The intracanal medicaments were inserted by the secondary operator. Patients self-recorded their postoperative endodontic pain intensity with the help of visual analog scale at 4, 12, 24 (day 2), 48 (day 3), and 72 (day 4) hours. During analysis, patients (68/80) were grouped according to gender, age, and the tooth type.Statistical Analysis Mann–Whitney’s U test was applied for mean pain score comparison between genders and between tooth type. Kruskal–Wallis’ test was applied for mean pain score comparison between the age groups.Results No significant difference (p > 0.05) in pain scores was found between the age groups and between the tooth types. Males had significantly higher pain scores as compared with females at days 2 (p = 0.035), 3 (p = 0.023), and 4 (p = 0.020).Conclusion The results suggested that there was no impact of age and tooth types on postoperative endodontic pain.