bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compound Eruptions of Twin Flux Ropes in a Solar Active Region
Authors: Zheng Ruisheng , Zhang Liang , Wang Bing , Kong Xiangliang , Song Hongqiang , Wu Zhao , Feng Shiwei , Chen Huadong , Chen Yao 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Compound eruptions represent that multiple closely spaced magnetic structures erupt consecutively within a short interval, and then lead to a single flare and a single coronal mass ejection (CME). However, it is still subtle for the links between multiple eruptions and the associated single flare or/and single CME. In this Letter, we report the compound eruptions of twin close flux ropes (FR1 and FR2), which took place within a few minutes of each other, that resulted in a flare with a single soft X-ray peak and a CME with two cores. The successive groups of expanding loops and double peaks of intensity flux in Atmospheric Imaging Assembly cool wavelengths indicate two episodes of internal magnetic reconnections during the compound eruptions. Following the eruption of FR2, the erupting FR1 was accelerated, and then the expanding loops overlying FR2 were deflected. Moreover, the eruption of FR2 likely involved the external magnetic reconnection between the bottom of the overlying stretching field lines and the rebounding loops that were previously pushed by the eruption of FR1, which was evidenced by a pair of groups of newly formed loops. All results suggest that the compound eruptions involved both internal and external magnetic reconnections, and two erupting structures of twin FRs interacted at the initial stage. We propose that two episodes of internal magnetic reconnections were likely united within a few minutes to form the continuous impulsive phase of the single peaked flare, and the two separated cores of the CME were possibly caused because the latter core was too slow to merge with the former one.
Vetting: A Stand-alone Tool for Finding Centroid Offsets in NASA Kepler, K2, and TESS, Alerting the Presence of Exoplanet False Positives
Authors: Hedges Christina 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We present a simple, standalone implementation of a “centroid test” for NASA’s Kepler, K2, and TESS missions. This test identifies significant changes in the centroid of a star during a transit or eclipse. A significant centroid shift can be used as evidence that a transiting signal is a “false positive”, due to a background eclipsing source. This test produces a likelihood of a significant centroid offset during transit, and the spacial limit to which a contaminating object can be ruled out by the data. The tool to perform this test is packaged in vetting, a pip installable, open source Python package. In this note we discuss the procedure for creating a centroid test.
Le « petit être » et les machines dans les sections « Liberté d’action » et « Apparitions » du recueil La Vie dans les plis de Henri Michaux (1949)
Authors: Caquel Audrey 
Published: November 2021

L’œuvre de Henri Michaux déploie différentes figures de l’inadapté. Le motif de la machine, filé dans « Liberté d’action » et « Apparitions », révèle la relation que le « petit être », tel que le poète se définit lui-même, entretient avec la société. Il soutient une dramaturgie intérieure de la posture du corps face au réel agresseur. Dans « Liberté d’action », aux côtés des instruments, la machine dit la joie frénétique de l’appropriation du pouvoir par l’inadapté face aux différents rapports hiérarchiques. Dans « Apparitions », nous assistons à un renversement radical du rôle de l’appareil mécanisé : celui-ci se retourne contre le sujet poétique. Confronter le traitement de ce thème dans ces deux sections qui se suivent dans le recueil La Vie dans les plis (1949), met au jour la fragilité individuelle du « petit être », mais aussi un regard mélancolique porté sur l’aliénation de l’Homme face à la violence des organisations sociales. Si Michaux s’est exprimé contre toute forme de poésie engagée, il explore cependant ici la relation de « domination-subordination » qui lui est chère, ainsi que les tentatives d’insubordination d’un corps révolté. Par le truchement de la machine et des instruments, le regard du lecteur évolue, du burlesque au sentiment d’une irrémédiable déréliction.
Dynamiques, enjeux démographiques et socioéconomiques du vieillissement dans les pays à longévité élevée
Authors: Bonnet Carole , Cambois Emmanuelle , Fontaine Roméo 
Published: November 2021

En 2015, la loi d’adaptation de la société au vieillissement marquait en France la volonté politique d’anticiper de manière globale les conséquences du vieillissement démographique. Elle formalisait les constats des recherches et débats publics internationaux qui, depuis longtemps, en soulignent l’ampleur et les multiples implications. Cette chronique fait le point sur ces questions en s’appuyant sur l’expérience de 40 pays caractérisés par une longévité élevée. En 2020, les personnes de 65 ans et plus y sont quatre fois plus nombreuses qu’en 1950 ; au Japon, pays le plus « vieux », leur proportion a bondi de 5 % à 28 % et leur espérance de vie a presque doublé. Une première partie présente les définitions et les mesures du vieillissement démographique, puis la diversité des dynamiques de ces 40 pays. La seconde partie décrit les enjeux multidimensionnels et imbriqués du phénomène en termes sanitaires (quelle limite à la longévité ? quelle évolution de l’espérance de vie en bonne santé ?), sociodémographiques (comment se modifient les configurations conjugales, familiales ?) et économiques, via la problématique des modèles de protection sociale (retraite, aide à l’autonomie, transferts intergénérationnels).
Des femmes si privilégiées ? La fatigue d’être servi·e par des domestiques
Authors: Delpierre Alizée 
Published: November 2021

Alors qu’elles ont à leur service un·e, deux, trois, voire plusieurs dizaines d’employé·e·s domestiques à temps plein qui servent au quotidien leur famille, les femmes très fortunées rencontrées lors d’une enquête portant sur le recours à la domesticité des grandes fortunes affirment consacrer un temps et une énergie non négligeables à la gestion de leur foyer. Réservé aux ménages plutôt aisés dans les contextes où ils embauchent, le recours à la domesticité est pourtant un privilège : les femmes délèguent le travail reproductif à d’autres pour s’adonner au travail productif, et/ou aux loisirs. Mais les plaintes des femmes rencontrées, particulièrement privilégiées, méritent d’être prises au sérieux : cet article vise à discuter le paradoxe de leur investissement domestique alors même qu’elles ont recours à une domesticité importante. Il remet en question le fait que ces femmes soient soulagées du travail reproductif d’une part, et qu’elles le soient autant que leurs époux d’autre part. En fait, l’article montre qu’employer du personnel recrée un partage inégal et pérenne des tâches entre hommes et femmes employeur·e·s, et ce, même lorsque ces dernières travaillent : aux premiers les transactions financières pour rémunérer les employé·e·s, et aux secondes le travail relationnel et émotionnel nécessaire à la sélection et à la supervision du personnel, beaucoup plus engageant.
A Structural Basis for Inhibition of the Complement Initiator Protease C1r by Lyme Disease Spirochetes
Authors: Garrigues Ryan J , Powell-Pierce Alexandra D , Hammel Michal , Skare Jon T , Garcia Brandon L 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Complement evasion is a hallmark of extracellular microbial pathogens such as Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease. Lyme disease spirochetes express nearly a dozen outer surface lipoproteins that bind complement components and interfere with their native activities. Among these, BBK32 is unique in its selective inhibition of the classical pathway. BBK32 blocks activation of this pathway by selectively binding and inhibiting the C1r serine protease of the first component of complement, C1. To understand the structural basis for BBK32-mediated C1r inhibition, we performed crystallography and size-exclusion chromatography–coupled small angle X-ray scattering experiments, which revealed a molecular model of BBK32-C in complex with activated human C1r. Structure-guided site-directed mutagenesis was combined with surface plasmon resonance binding experiments and assays of complement function to validate the predicted molecular interface. Analysis of the structures shows that BBK32 inhibits activated forms of C1r by occluding substrate interaction subsites (i.e., S1 and S1’) and reveals a surprising role for C1r B loop–interacting residues for full inhibitory activity of BBK32. The studies reported in this article provide for the first time (to our knowledge) a structural basis for classical pathway–specific inhibition by a human pathogen.
Relationship between time at diagnosis and clinical manifestations of phenylketonuria in a sample of Egyptian children
Authors: Kamel Ashraf S. , Ahmed Essaam Eldeen G. , Hassan Fatma S. , Masoud Mohamed , Mohamed Wael S. 
Published: November 2021

Objective
The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between age at the time of diagnosis of pediatric phenylketonuria (PKU) and clinical manifestations in a sample of Egyptian children.

Patients and methods
This retrospective cohort included children diagnosed as PKU. The collected data included the time, age, and phenylalanine (Phe) level at diagnosis, sex, serial plasma Phe levels, neurological and behavioral problems, developmental quotient, and anthropometric measurements.

Results
Sixty-six patients were included. Compared with early diagnosed patients, late cases had significantly lower median Phe levels (P<0.001) and higher rates of neurological complications (P<0.001) and behavioral problems (P<0.001). Compared with compliant patients, noncompliance was significantly associated with late diagnosis (P=0.001), neurological complications (P=0.001), and hyperactivity (P=0.017).

Conclusions
Stature and head circumference were not significantly affected by time of diagnosis or compliance with treatment. Early diagnosis and compliance with dietary treatment have a potential impact on neurological and behavioral problems in pediatric PKU patients.
Intelligence quotient and its determinants using Draw-A-Person Test and Ravens progressive matrices among primary school children in Enugu, Southeast Nigeria
Authors: Iloh Kenechukwu K. , Chidiebere Osuorah D.I. , Iloh Ogochukwu N. , Igbokwe Obianuju O. , Nwaneli Ezinne I. , Akubuilo Uzoamaka 
Published: November 2021

Background
The intelligence quotient of a child is determined to a large extent by genetic factors. However, the social context in which a child is brought up also plays a significant role in the overall cognitive capabilities of the child.

Patients and methods
This cross-sectional descriptive study enrolled 1122 school-aged children between the ages 6 and 12 years in the Enugu-East local government area of Enugu State over a 3-month period using the multistage sampling method. Raven’s Standardized Progressive Matrices and the Draw-A-Person Test (DAPT) were used to assess the intelligence quotient of the study participants. It aimed to assess the relatability of the two intelligent quotient (IQ) assessment system and sociodemographic determinants of IQ in school pupils.

Results
With the Raven system of IQ assessment, 73 pupils (7.6%) were noted to be above average intelligence, 150 (15.7%) had above average intelligence, 293 (30.6%) were considered to have average intelligence, while 340 (35.5%) and 101 (10.6%) were below average and intellectually defective, while the DAPT system categorized 258 of the pupils surveyed (27%) as having above average intelligence, 593 (62%) were considered to have average intelligence, while 82 (8.6%) and 24 (2.4%) were considered mentally deficient, respectively. Both scoring systems showed slight agreement with an interagreement reliability coefficient (K) of 0.093 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.001–0.003]. Pupils’ socioeconomic class [odds ratio (OR) 1.82 (95% CI 1.21–2.73), P=0.004], maternal educational [OR 0.38 (95% CI 0.23–0.63) P=0.001], and school type [OR 2.23 (95% CI 1.45–3.43) P=0.001] significantly predicted suboptimal IQ in study participants under the Raven assessment system.

Conclusion
Our study identified poor interrater agreement between the Raven and DAPT IQ assessment systems and factors that correlate with suboptimal IQ under the Raven system of IQ assessment.
Prevalence of anxiety and depression among adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis during the COVID-19 pandemic, a single tertiary center experience
Authors: Abdelgalil Abobakr A. , Muzaffer Mohammed A. 
Published: November 2021

Background
The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has caused tremendous disruption to patients with chronic diseases.

Aim
To detect prevalence of anxiety and depression among adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Patients and methods
We conducted a cross sectional study included59 participants aged 12–18 years old (29 JIA patients and 30 healthy controls). An Arabic validatedform of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) as a measure of degree of anxiety and depression was used.

Results
Out of 29 JIA patients during the COVID-19 pandemic, 13.8% and 17.2% were consistent with diagnosis of anxiety and borderline anxiety respectively. Also, 3.4% and 17.2% reported symptoms consistent with diagnosis of depression and borderline depression respectively. There was no significant difference between patients’ anxiety and depression on one hand and control group on the other hand (for all P>0.05) Additionally, patients on biological infusion therapy requiring hospitalizationexhibited a significant increase in HADS-A score for anxiety (P value = 0.027).

Conclusion
A considerable proportion of JIA adolescent patients exhibited symptoms of either borderline or diagnosis consistent with anxiety and to a lesser extent with depression during the COVID-19 pandemic but with no significant difference with the control group. JIA and its related variables had no effect on psychological outcome of the patients compared to control. JIA patients who necessitated hospital admission were more likely to show higher anxiety levels. Attention should be paid to patients with JIA particularly those requiring frequent hospital admissions and their psychiatric symptoms during such pandemics to avoid unfavorable psychiatric hazards.
The impact of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic and lockdown on quality of life of healthy school aged children and adolescents
Authors: Elsakka Elham E. 
Published: November 2021

Background
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic and lockdown may influence children and adolescents’ quality of life (QoL).

Aim
To assess the impact of COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown on QoL of school-aged children and adolescents.

Patients and methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Alexandria, on children and adolescents, fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria, during June 1st–10th, by an anonymous online questionnaire, sent through social media to participants, to assess their negative impact, feelings, and QoL. QoL was classified as poor, fair, or good.

Results
The study included 423 participants. Mean age 13.36±13.3 years. About 77.7% of participants adhered to lockdown completely. Around half of participants were negatively impacted by feeling bored, cannot leave the house, go to restaurants or cafes, see their friends, go on holidays, or go shopping. More than half felt bored, wanted their life to return to normal, afraid that they or a family member catches the disease, or want this to end. About 76.6% of participants had poor QoL, 23.2% had fair QoL, and 0.2% had good QoL. QoL was statistically significantly associated with age of participants, caregivers they are living with, and the number of their siblings, following lockdown, being negatively impacted by being unable to go shopping or go on holidays and feeling afraid to catch the disease.

Conclusion
COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown have an impact on school-aged children and adolescents’ feelings and a significant negative impact on their QoL changing it to fair or poor. Their QoL is influenced by their age, sex, their caregivers, unable to go shopping or go on holidays, and their fear to catch the disease, with a statistically significant association.
TMAO promotes apoptosis and oxidative stress of pancreatic acinar cells by mediating IRE1α-XBP-1 pathway
Authors: Yang Guodong , Zhang Xiaoying 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Acute pancreatitis caused by hyperlipidemia is a severe life-threatening condition. Therefore, it is urgent to develop new therapeutic methods to treat this disease.

Methods:
Cell viability was determined by the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Western blotting (WB) was used to detect the expression levels of apoptotic and endoribonuclease inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α)/X-box binding protein 1 (XBP-1) pathway-associated proteins. The induction of cell apoptosis was determined using flow cytometry. The expression levels of the oxidative stress indicators were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results:
WB analysis and the CCK-8 assay demonstrated that trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) decreased cell viability and facilitated apoptosis of MPC-83 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the induction of oxidative stress was assessed by evaluating the levels of specific markers, including hydrogen peroxide, reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, and superoxide dismutase. The levels of the aforementioned markers were increased in the TMAO-treated group. Subsequently, the IRE1α/XBP-1 pathway-associated proteins were analyzed by WB analysis and the data demonstrated that the regulatory effects of TMAO on MPC-83 cells were meditated by the IRE1α/XBP-1 signaling pathway. Subsequently, rescue experiments were performed to further assess the effects of TMAO.

Conclusion:
The present study provides evidence on the application of TMAO as a potential diagnostic and therapeutic strategy for the therapeutic intervention of hyperlipidemic acute pancreatitis.
Efecto de la distribución de tamaño de partícula de AlN empleado como refuerzo durante la fabricación de materiales compuestos de Mg-AZ91E por infiltración sin presión externa
Authors: Lemus-Ruiz José 
Published: November 2021

El presente trabajo se enfoca en la síntesis y caracterización de un material compuesto de matriz de magnesio AZ91E con alto contenido de partículas de refuerzo (~50% vol.) de nitruro de aluminio (AlN). La fabricación se realizó por el método de infiltración sin usar presión externa, partiendo de preformas de AlN en verde, es decir sin pre-sinterizar. Las preformas con porosidades de ~50% vol., fueron producidas empleando polvo de AlN de tres distribuciones de tamaño de partícula (A:fina, B:media y C:gruesa) distintas, e infiltradas con la aleación de magnesio AZ91E líquida a 850ºC durante 12 minutos en una atmósfera de argón. Técnicas de microscopía electrónica de barrido (MEB), así como difracción de rayos X (DR-X) fueron empleadas para caracterizar los compuestos AZ91E/AlN producidos, evaluando la distribución del refuerzo, porosidad y productos de reacción. AlN, Mg y Mg17Al12 fueron dtectados por XRD. Los resultados obtenidos por MEB muestran una distribución homogénea del refuerzo, libres de productos de reacción, entre la matriz y el refuerzo, para los tres casos analizados. Resultados de la caracterización mecánica indican valores promedio del módulo de elasticidad alrededor de 123 GPa. El coeficiente de expansión térmica lineal oscila en ≈9.61x10-6°C-1 y 8.96x10-6°C-1 en el rango de temperatura entre 25 y 300°C. La conductividad térmica se incrementa de 47 W/mK para el compuesto fabricado con partículas C:gruesas, a 53 W/mK para la partículas de tamaño B:medio y a 81 W/mK con tamaño de partícula A:fina, medidos a temperatura ambiente, 25°C, sin embargo la conductividad disminuye para los tres compuestos cuando se incrementa la temperatura de medición.
WORKING AND STUDYING: CHALLENGES FACED BY THE DIPLOMA NURSE WHILE UPGRADING
Authors: Kamau S , Mwangi J 
Published: November 2021

Background: Personal development and pursuance of higher education in nursing is considered important for the nurses to stay abreast in the dynamic medical world and promote excellence in practice. There are workplace barriers that cause challenges for nurses who are upgrading as well as after upgrading.
Objectives: Determine institution related challenges that determine whether a nurse enrolls in a diploma to degree nursing program, their performance during the program and their decision to hold on to the end
Methodology: The study adopted a descriptive cross sectional design, carried out among a randomly sampled population of 220 nurses who work in the hospital. Data was collected using self-administered questionnaires from a simple random sample of 140 nurses. Data analysis was done by SPSS version 22.0. Measures of central tendency mean and range were used. The findings have been presented in form of figures, tables, pie-charts and narrative texts.
Results: A total of 120 participants filled questionnaires representing an 85% response rate. 78% (n=93) were female, and 22% (n=27) were male, Inferential analysis on institution related factors and their influence on upgrading nurses were assessed. Findings showed that the need for a promotion was the most important institution –related factors (n=62, 57.4%) underlying the motivation for nurses to upgrade (X2=17.601, df=7, p=0.014).
Conclusion: Upgrading is a worthwhile venture for both the nurse and the work place. Promotion is one of the greatest motivational factors of upgrading. More diploma nurses think it is worth to upgrade.
Recommendations: This research recommends that a caring curriculum should be designed for the working nurse and recognition and promotion according to education level and awareness of policies on promotion after upgrading.
Current situation and solutions to accelerate the implementation of gas projects in Vietnam to effectively exploit domestic resources
Authors: Hoang Thi Dao , Doan Van Thuan 
Published: November 2021

Ensuring the implementation progress of Vietnam's major gas projects (Block B, Ca Voi Xanh and Ken Bau) with early gas flow to the shore not only provides gas for power projects on time in accordance with the draft National Power Development Master Plan for the 2021 - 2030 period, with a vision to 2045 (draft Power Master Plan VIII), but also maintains the momentum of economic growth and increase revenues for the State budget.
Vietnam needs solutions to accelerate the progress of projects to bring gas to shore to ensure energy security (meeting the increasing domestic gas demand), and to convert gas resources into national budget in the trend of energy transition and efficiency of investment capital (for projects having state-owned enterprise’s capital).
The article analyses the fluctuation of State budget revenue when gas projects are slow to be put into operation, compares the national benefits of gas extraction projects with LNG import, and thereby recommends solutions to put gas projects into early operation.