bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural and magnetic properties of hard-soft BaFe12O19/(Zn0.5Co0.5)Fe2O4 ferrites
Authors: Fattouh Farah , Rifai Lama , Habanjar Khulud , Abdallah A M , Hassan R Sayed , Yaacoub Nader , Awad Ramadan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Hard-soft nanocomposites of (1 − x) BaFe12O19/x(Zn0.5Co0.5)Fe2O4, for x = 0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00, were prepared via co-precipitation and high-speed ball milling techniques, respectively. The synthesized samples were characterized via x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and vibrating sample magnetometer. XRD revealed the formation of hard-soft nanocomposites. TEM indicated that the two phases are well distributed and the particle size distribution is narrower for low content of soft phase, leading to better exchange coupling between the grains. Magnetic measurements were performed at 300 K and 77 K. The results showed a good single-phase magnetic behavior, verifying the good exchange coupling between hard and soft phases. For low (Zn0.5Co0.5)Fe2O4 content, the dipolar interactions were dominated by the exchange-coupling interactions. Additionally, the optimum values of saturation and remanent magnetizations, coercivity, and squareness ratio were obtained for x = 0.5. This was attributed to the dominance of exchange-coupling interaction. The enhancement of magnetic properties and energy product (BH)max for nanocomposites at low temperature is skilled in the reduction of the thermal fluxes of magnetic moments at the surface. The maximum energy product (BH)max was observed in C2 at both temperatures with a smaller value than that of pure BaFe12O19.
Computational study of first-row transition metals in monodoped 4H-SiC
Authors: Wolfe Timothy S , Van Ginhoven Renee M , Strachan Alejandro 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Electronic structure calculations of 4H-SiC doped with various transition metals reveal dilute magnetic semiconductor behavior in a material suitable for high-power and high-frequency semiconductor devices. Our results are consistent with prior work on V, Cr, and Mn doping and explore additional metals: Fe, Co, and Ni. Charge-state calculations show that the latter maintain amphoteric semi-insulating properties while offering a non-zero stable spin polarization and also greater asymmetry in the spin density of states than previously studied dopants. This indicates possible enhanced half-metal properties. Our results are consistent with crystal field theory, which helps interpret the observed spin states and assess the degree of charge localization and, subsequently, the range and strength of interactions relevant to ionization/capture and charge transport. These findings provide new avenues to tune the behavior of 4H-SiC for electronic device applications.
The sound of music: determining Young’s modulus using a guitar string
Authors: Pols Freek 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
When a new topic is introduced in the curriculum, teachers seek various ways to teach students the related concepts. For the novel topic ‘materials’ in the revised Dutch curriculum, I developed an experiment in which students determine Young’s modulus using a guitar string. The experiment not only covers several concepts related to ‘materials’ it also provides a clear link to the physics of music and illustrates to students, aged 16, why the topic ‘materials’ could be of interest.
Impact of divertor closure on edge plasma behavior in EAST H-mode plasmas
Authors: Tao Y Q , Xu G S , Yang Q Q , Yan N , Jia G Z , Meng L Y , Liu S C , Chen L , Yu Y W , Gao W , Wang Y M , Wang L , Zang Q , Gao S L 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A series of H-mode discharges have been conducted in the EAST tokamak to study the effect of divertor closure on divertor neutral distribution and edge plasmas by scanning the location of the outer strike point. When the outer strike point moves close to the corner within ∼

4.5

cm

, the gauge in upper sub-divertor shows that the neutral pressure increases, and the reciprocating probe at outer mid-plane indicates that electron temperature decreases and electron density increases in the scrape-off layer (SOL). In the meantime, the tungsten impurity concentration and radiation power in the main plasma decrease remarkably, while the main plasma density and stored energy increase slightly. SOLPS-ITER simulation without particle drifts is performed to better understand the impact of divertor closure. The simulation clearly demonstrates that a more closed divertor produces more neutrals around the corner with the increase of electron density and the decrease of electron temperature in the SOL, consistent with experimental results. Furthermore, more neutrals escape the divertor region and penetrate into the pedestal region, which induces more pedestal fuelling, increasing pedestal electron density. EAST will upgrade the lower divertor with a more closed geometry. These results provide important guidance for the upcoming upgrade.
Improvement in Schottky barrier inhomogeneities of Ni/AlGaN/GaN Schottky diodes after cumulative γ-ray irradiation
Authors: Visvkarma Ajay Kumar , Sharma Chandan , Saraswat Chanchal , Rawal D S , Vinayak Seema , Saxena Manoj 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This article reports the effect of gamma (γ)-ray irradiation on barrier inhomogeneities that leads towards improvement in diode parameters in Ni-AlGaN/GaN Schottky diodes. The Schottky diodes were subjected to a cumulative γ-ray dose up to 15 kGy and their current–voltage (I–V) and capacitance–voltage (C–V) characteristics were measured simultaneously at different temperatures during the pristine stage and after each radiation dose. The Schottky barrier height (Φ
b) had an increase of 10% to 20% in the temperature range greater than 250 K. Whereas, the change in the ideality factor (η) was found to be prevalent at lower temperatures (<250 K). More linearity in the behavior of η variation with temperature was found post γ-irradiation showing an improvement in homogeneity of the metal/semiconductor interface. Post γ-ray exposure, barrier inhomogeneities at the metal/semiconductor interface were found to reduce due to annealing effects that also led towards an increase in the contribution of thermionic emission current flow. Further, a decrease of 16% in the standard deviation of the Gaussian distribution of Φ
b around the mean Φ
b was obtained. A decrease in contact resistance (R
C) was deduced using a circular transmission line method, which was also due to the partial annealing effect of γ-ray radiation. Finally, the channel carrier concentration (n
s), extracted using C–V analysis, was found to remain unaltered.
Multifield inflation beyond Nfield=2: non-Gaussianities and single-field effective theory
Authors: Pinol Lucas 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this article, we study in detail the linear dynamics and
cubic interactions for any number Nfield of scalar
fields during inflation, directly in terms of the observable
curvature perturbation ζ and Nfield-1 entropic
fluctuations, a choice that is more suitable for analytical works.
In the linear equations of motion for the perturbations, we uncover
rich geometrical effects beyond terms involving just the scalar
curvature of the field space, and that come from the non-canonical
kinetic structure of the scalar fields when the dimension of the
field space is larger than two. Moreover, we show that a fast
rotation of the local entropic basis can result in negative
eigenvalues for the entropic mass matrix, potentially destabilising
the background dynamics when Nfield⩾ 3. We
also explain how to render manifest the sizes of cubic interactions
between the adiabatic and the entropic fluctuations, extending a
previous work of ours to any number of interacting fields. As a
first analytical application of our generic formalism, we derive the
effective single-field theory for perturbations up to cubic order
when all entropic fluctuations are heavy enough to be integrated
out. In a slow-varying limit, we recover the cubic action expected
from the effective field theory of inflation, but with a prediction
for the usual Wilson coefficients in terms of the multifield
parameters, thus proposing a new interpretation of the bispectrum in
this generic Nfield context.
StellarICS: inverse Compton emission from the quiet Sun and stars from keV to TeV
Authors: Orlando Elena , Strong Andrew 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The study of the quiet Sun in gamma rays started over a
decade ago, and rapidly gained a wide interest.
Gamma rays from the quiet Sun are produced by Galactic Cosmic Rays (CRs) interacting with its surface (disk component) and with its photon field (spatially extended inverse-Compton component, IC). The latter component is maximum close to the Sun and it is above the background even at large angular distances, extending over the whole sky. First detected with EGRET, it is studied now with Fermi-LAT with high statistical significance.

Observations of the IC component allow us to obtain information on CR electrons and positrons close to the Sun and in the heliosphere for the various periods of solar activity and polarity. They allow to learn about CR interactions and propagation in the stellar photosphere and heliosphere, and to understand the solar environment and its activity. Analyses of solar observations are usually model-driven.
Hence advances in model calculations and constraints from precise CR measurements are timely and needed.

Here we present our StellarICS code to compute the gamma-ray IC emission from the Sun and also from single stars.
The code is publicly available and it is extensively used by the scientific community to analyze Fermi-LAT data. It has been used by the Fermi-LAT collaboration to produce the solar models released with the FSSC Fermi Tools.
Our modeling provides the basis for analyzing and interpreting high-energy data of the Sun and of stars.

After presenting examples of updated solar IC models in the Fermi-LAT energy range that account for the various CR measurements, we extend the models to keV, MeV, and TeV energies for predictions for present and future possible telescopes such as AMEGO, GECCO, an e-ASTROGAM-like instrument, HAWC, LHAASO, SWGO, and X-ray telescopes. We also present predictions for some of the closest and most luminous stars.
Four-party deterministic quantum operation sharing with a generalized seven-qubit Brown state
Authors: Zhang Zhanjun , Zhang Lei , Zhuge Bin , Ye Biaoliang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A four-party deterministic single-qubit operation sharing scheme is proposed by using a generalized seven-qubit Brown state in a given qubit distribution as the quantum channel. Its security is confirmed via analyses. The sharing determinacy and the sharer symmetry of the scheme are identified. The experimental feasibility of the scheme is confirmed through discussions. Moreover, the scheme is compared with a competing one which utilizes the same quantum channel. It is found that the present scheme reduces the necessary operations and two-qubit unitary operation types as well as the classical communication cost. The decreases of both the necessary operation complexity and the classical communication cost eventually mean both the increase of the scheme efficiency and the decrease of the resource consumption. Consequently, the present scheme is superior to the competing one.
Investigation of vertical carbon nanosheet growth and its potential for microsupercapacitors
Authors: Velasco A. , Vyas A. , Wang K. , Li Q. , Smith A. D. , Lundgren P. , Enoksson P. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
One of the biggest applications that are coming with the Internet of Things (IoT) are miniaturized sensor networks that connect wirelessly to each other and the internet. Microsupercapacitors (MSCs) are ideal to power these devices, with large cyclability and lifetime. Porous carbons are the material of choice for these devices, but their morphology and manufacturing are far from optimized. Vertically oriented graphene MSCs have shown great promise due to their high specific surface areas and conductivity. In this work, the growth of vertically aligned carbon nanosheets (CNS) on 2-inch wafers has been studied, and it has been used as active material to manufacture MSC and transmission line model (TLM) wafers. The fabricated CNS MSC devices show a capacitance of 7.4 μF (50.7 μF/cm2, normalized to the area of the electrodes), a five-times increase from previous results obtained by the group.
Assessing the Impact of Industrial Poultry Waste on the Soil Cover
Authors: Tuchkova L E , Verkhovets I A , Tikhoykina I M , Chuvasheva E S 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The paper describes the impact of industrial poultry waste on the soil pollution degree. Analysis of the results of studying the sanitary-biological indicators of the soil cover for 2017 and 2019 has shown an increase in the pollution with coliform bacteria. High focal pollution of soils with nitrate nitrogen has been detected, which has led to the formation of patches in the soil cover. In 2017, a significant excess of the MPC by all chemical and toxicological indicators of the heavy metal mobility was detected, and 2019 studies showed an excess of the MPC by only copper and zinc. The studied plot belongs to agricultural land of the high-risk category; it is subject to biological pollution and contaminated with heavy metals.
Veterinary-Sanitary Examination of Migratory Bird Carcasses When Stored in a Glacier Under Permafrost Conditions
Authors: Sidorov M N , Tomashevskaya E P , Maksimova A N 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Due to the annual increase in harvesting wild ducks in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) regions, a detailed studying the wild bird meat is required to assess its quality and preserve the population health. Wild ducks harvested in the Ust-Aldan, Tattinsk, and Megino-Kangalassk regions of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) have been studied. The meat of the migratory bird carcasses has been studied twice by 4 samples: the first study – after 2-month freezing in a glacier, the second study – after 4-month freezing in a glacier. The materials studied were meat samples taken from gutted wild ducks of four species, harvested in the central zone in autumn, and marked as follows: Sample No. 1 – mallard carcass meat; Sample No. 2 – wigeon carcass meat; Sample no. 3 – shoveler carcass meat; Sample No. 4 - scoter carcass meat. For the study, gutted carcasses were frozen in a glacier at a relative humidity of 70-85 %; the glacier temperature was within -8 to -15 °C. The veterinary-sanitary examination was performed on gutted migratory bird carcasses when stored in glaciers under permafrost conditions with determining organoleptic, physicochemical, and microbiological meat indicators and studying subcutaneous fat of the meat of gutted migratory bird carcasses with determining toxic elements at the State Budgetary Institution of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) Yakutskaya RVIL (Yakut Republican Veterinary Testing Laboratory) and the Department of Veterinary-Sanitary Examination and Hygiene of the Veterinary Medicine Faculty of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Arctic State Agrotechnological University. Based on the organoleptic, physicochemical, and microbiological results, as well as the content of toxic elements in the meat, it has been concluded that the use of healthy duck meat as a food product is advisable.
Information Support for Predictive Modeling of Agroecosystems
Authors: Chelovechkova A V , Polyakova E N , Zmyzgova T R 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In recent years, the anthropogenic load on the environment has been growing. This leads to the aggravation of environmental problems. To solve such problems, different concepts are needed that will allow nature and man to coexist stably. To make the right decision in any area that determines human activity, it is necessary to predict actions and their consequences. At the present stage of the development of science, simple intuition is not enough. High-quality recommendations are also often lost their relevance. In recent years, with the use of information technologies, a fundamentally new approach to working with agroecosystems has been growing - process modeling. At the same time, the created models can provide the solution of the assigned tasks with very high accuracy. Such models take into account soil and climatic conditions, weather factors that determine the area of consideration. The introduction of high-performance computers made it possible to create a reliable base for the development of such models.
Research into Filtration Washing Kinetics of Sludge Pulp Bottom Settlings
Authors: Salamatov V I , Fetisova S A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The research presents the results of the study of filtration washing kinetics of sludge pulps containing various substances. The kinetics of the process of washing the valuable solution from mother waters when applying the scrubber solution (water) with the fully engaged surface of the bottom settlings is analysed. Key stages of the washing process are interpreted in the research, as well as the impact of the basic parameters of washing (expendable modulus, washing circulation cycle time, bottom settlings thickness, scrubber solution temperature in the mother waters, etc.) on the performance of washing the valuable solute from interstices of bottom settlings is identified. It is shown that the filtration washing process is influenced by the conditions of appearing the bottom settlings on the filtering element. The research gives an insight into the process of washing the bottom settlings from the flaking and preliminarily concentrated pulps. Analytical expressions for the effectiveness of filtration washing of different stages, which are based on bottom settling specific loads dependent on the dissolved substance and expendable modulus, are provided.
Can organic soil ameliorant and foliar organic fertilizer improve maize yield and reduce inorganic fertilizers input in a dryland semiarid?
Authors: Jaya I K D , Suheri H , Wangiyana W 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
There is still room for improving maize yield and cultivation practices in dryland semiarid areas since the current production is still low and the inorganic fertilizers (IF) input is high. This study aimed to assess possible roles of a commercially available organic soil ameliorant (OSA) and foliar organic fertilizer (FOF) to improve maize yield and to reduce IF input in a dryland semiarid area. One experiment with seven treatments were tested, namely: (A) 100% of IF doses, that consisted of 500 kg of urea and 360 kg of NPK Phonska (15-15-15) per hectare, (B) Treatment A plus OSA and FOF, (C) 70% of IF doses plus OSA and FOF, (D) Treatment A plus OSA, (E) 70% of IF plus OSA, (F) Treatment A pus FOF, and (G) 70% of IF plus FOF. The size of each treatment plot was 10.1 m2 and there were 90 plants in each plot. All the treatments were replicated three times and were arranged in a randomized block design. The results showed that the IF treatment (A) produced 11.0 kg per plot, equal to 10.9 ton/ha. Adding OSA or FOF on top of IF (D and F), produced only 3% higher than the IF alone. However, when OSA and FOF were applied together with IF (B), the yield was 6% higher than the IF alone. The 30% reduction of inorganic fertilizer could not be replaced by both OSA and FOF (E and G) in producing yield. OSA improved soil nutrients, such as available phosphorous, potassium and C-organic but not the total nitrogen.
Ultrasound-assisted production of corn starch: Process design and optimization
Authors: Fathimah R N , Ishlahi A F A , Cahyanto M N , Setyaningsih W 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Most starch industries utilize maceration as the extraction method to recover starch from corn matrices; however, the production is time-consuming and often inefficient. Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) appears to propose an enhancement of the extraction process. Hence, in this study, UAE has been developed to reach an optimum recovery in a short extraction time for starch obtaining from corn grain. Several extraction variables were studied, including ultrasound power (x
1, 30-90%), cycle (x
2, 0.3-0.9 s−1), and solvent to sample ratio (x
3, 10:1-30:1 g ml−1). A Box-Behnken design, coupled with Response Surface Methodology, was performed to optimize the three studied variables. The acquired mathematical model was used to estimate a predictive equation for the extraction yield. The model was validated based on an acceptable coefficient of determination (R
2, 0.88), a low mean absolute error, and the value of lack-of-fit suggested that the model was adequate in explaining the observed data at the 95.0% confidence level. The predicted optimum yield was achieved by applying UAE conditions as follows: 87% ultrasound power, 1.0 s−1 cavitation cycle, and 30:1 solvent to sample ratio. Additionally, a two-cycle extraction process of 5 min for each cycle was chosen over a single extraction cycle in 25 min. The resulting corn starch produced by UAE could maintain the low viscosity even in high temperatures. Hence, apart from accelerating the extraction, UAE was also useful to modify the starch characterization. Moreover, the proposed method demonstrated a green extraction procedure, as there was no presence of any additional organic solvent.
Postmortem diagnosis characteristics of probable covid-19 victims by rapid molecular testing
Authors: Syamsun A , Kadriyan H , Andiwijaya F R , Hunaifi I , Lestarini I , Sari S K , Mahaputra H , Setia and B 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The capacity to establish the diagnosis among probable COVID 19 cases is limited, moreover, in death cases. Rapid molecular test (RMT) could be an alternative for establishing the definitive diagnosis in mortality cases, furthermore, management of bodies can be carried out in hospitals so as not to pollute the environment. The study was conducted in 6 hospitals and 10 primary health care centers in Mataram, West Nusa Tenggara from March 25th to August 5th, 2020. Nasopharyngeal swab post-mortem was done between 1-12 hours post-somatic dead in patients who were diagnosed with probable COVID-19. RMT was performed by GeneXpert Cepheid with cartridge Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2. The identification procedure was done by following the guideline in the manual procedure of the cartridge. The result of RMT will be positive or negative depending on the View Results Window of the GeneXpert System. There were 33 post-mortems nasopharyngeal swab samples that fulfill the criteria in the study period. Thirteen (39,39%) were positive for SARS-Cov-2. Most of the positive sample was taken 1-4 hours after somatic death, followed by 8-12 hours after somatic death consecutively 11 (84,61%) and 2 (15,38%). Among the positive cases, most of them were female, the age more than 60 years old, and owing to hypertension and cardiovascular disease as a comorbid sequentially 8 (61,53%), 8 (61,53%), and 5 (38,46%). RMT could be used as an alternative to identify the SARS-CoV-2 genetic material in the somatic dead patient until 12 hours post-mortem, however, the best time for taking a swab sample should be 1-4 hours post-mortem.