bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advanced Therapies for the Management of Dopamine Dysregulation Syndrome in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Sasikumar Sanskriti , Matta Roberto , Munhoz Renato P. , Zurowski Mateusz , Poon Yu‐Yan , Hodaie Mojgan , Kalia Suneil K. , Lozano Andres M. , Fasano Alfonso 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundDopamine Dysregulation Syndrome (DDS) is an adverse non‐motor complication of dopamine replacement therapy in Parkinson's disease. The current literature on this syndrome is limited, and it remains underdiagnosed and challenging to manage.ObjectiveTo assess the role of advanced therapies in the management of DDS.MethodsWe performed a retrospective chart review and identified patients who fit the inclusion criteria for DDS. They were classified according to risk factors that have been identified in the literature, motor and complication scores, intervention (medical or surgical) and outcome. Multivariate analyses were performed to analyze these characteristics.ResultsTwenty‐seven patients were identified (23 males, mean age of onset: 49 ± 8.8 years). Average levodopa equivalent daily dose was 1916.7 ± 804 mg and a history of impulse control disorders, psychiatric illness, and substance abuse was present in 89%, 70% and 3.7% of the patients, respectively. Overall 81.5% of patients had symptom resolution at follow up, on average 4.8 ± 3.5 years after management, with medication only (7/9), levodopa‐carbidopa intestinal gel (1/3), deep brain stimulation of subthalamic nucleus (10/13), or globus pallidus pars interna (2/2). Reduction of medications occurred with deep brain stimulation of subthalamic nucleus (P= 0.01) but was associated with a relapse in two patients.ConclusionAlthough the small sample size of some subgroups limits our ability to draw meaningful conclusions, our results did not suggest superiority of a single treatment option. Advanced therapies including deep brain stimulation can be considered in patients with DDS refractory to conservative measures, but outcome is variable and relapse is possible.
Effects of cyclochlorotine on myofibrils in cardiomyocytes and on actin filament bundles in fibroblasts in vitro
Authors: Zhou Zhen‐Hua , Komiyama Masatoshi , Terao Kiyoshi , Shimada Yutaka 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe effects of cyclochlorotine (CC), a secondary metabolite of Penicillium islandicum, on cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts were investigated by fluorescent and electron microscopy. The in vitro application of CC on myocytes induced disruption of myofibrils and large accumulations of actin, myosin, α‐actinin, and vinculin at the cellular processes. This agent also induced the formation of islands of myosin and α‐actinin aggregates. Actin filament bundles in fibroblasts were either unaffected or disrupted completely, suggesting the presence of two, physiocochemically different, populations of fibroblasts. CC damage was dose‐dependently reversible. Further studies will be required to explore the feasibility of using CC for analyzing the properties of contractile and/or cytoskeletal proteins.
New formulas of thehigh‐orderderivatives offifth‐kindChebyshev polynomials: Spectral solution of theconvection–diffusionequation
Authors: Abd‐Elhameed Waleed M. , Youssri Youssri H. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper is dedicated to deriving novel formulae for the high‐order derivatives of Chebyshev polynomials of the fifth‐kind. The high‐order derivatives of these polynomials are expressed in terms of their original polynomials. The derived formulae contain certain terminating4F3(1) hypergeometric functions. We show that the resulting hypergeometric functions can be reduced in the case of the first derivative. As an important application—and based on the derived formulas—a spectral tau algorithm is implemented and analyzed for numerically solving the convection–diffusion equation. The convergence and error analysis of the suggested double expansion is investigated assuming that the solution of the problem is separable. Some illustrative examples are presented to check the applicability and accuracy of our proposed algorithm.
The Metabolic Equivalent BMI in Patients with Familial Partial Lipodystrophy (FPLD) Compared with Those with Severe Obesity
Authors: Koo Eden , Foss‐Freitas Maria C. , Meral Rasimcan , Ozer Muhammet , Eldin Abdelwahab J. , Akinci Baris , Miller Nicole , Rothberg Amy E. , Oral Elif A. 
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the shortcoming of BMI as a measurement of adiposity in patients with familial partial lipodystrophy (FPLD).MethodsTwo different matching procedures were used to compare 55 FPLD versus control patients with severe obesity (N = 548 patients) to study the relationship between body weight, fat distribution, and metabolic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, hypertriglyceridemia, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. In MATCH1, the patients with FPLD were matched to controls with obesity (OCs) by truncal mass, and in MATCH2, the patients with FPLD were matched to OCs with respect to glucose control.ResultsWith MATCH1, the FPLD group had worse glycemic control (hemoglobin A1c 8.2% ± 1.6% vs. 5.9% ± 0.9%), higher triglycerides (884 ± 1,190 mg/dL vs. 139 ± 79 mg/dL), and lower leptin (20.5 ± 15.8 ng/mL vs. 41.9 ± 29.4 ng/mL, P < 0.001 for all comparisons). In MATCH2, metabolic comorbidity–matched FPLD patients had significantly lower BMI compared with OCs (29.5 ± 5.7 kg/m2 vs. 38.6 ± 5.2 kg/m2, P < 0.001).ConclusionsPatients with FPLD with similar truncal mass have worse metabolic profiles than non‐FPLD OCs. The differential BMI between the FPLD and OCs, when matched for their metabolic comorbidities, approximates 8.6 BMI units.
The Role of Inflammatory Cytokines as Intermediates in the Pathway from Increased Adiposity to Disease
Authors: Kalaoja Marita , Corbin Laura J. , Tan Vanessa Y. , Ahola‐Olli Ari V. , Havulinna Aki S. , Santalahti Kristiina , Pitkänen Niina , Lehtimäki Terho , Lyytikäinen Leo‐Pekka , Raitoharju Emma , Seppälä Ilkka , Kähönen Mika , Ripatti Samuli , Palotie Aarno , Perola Markus , Viikari Jorma S. , Jalkanen Sirpa , Maksimow Mikael , Salomaa Veikko , Salmi Marko , Raitakari Olli T. , Kettunen Johannes , Timpson Nicholas J. 
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the role of cytokines as intermediates in the pathway from increased adiposity to disease.MethodsBMI and circulating levels of up to 41 cytokines were measured in individuals from three Finnish cohort studies (n = 8,293). Mendelian randomization (MR) was used to assess the impact of BMI on circulating cytokines and the impact of BMI‐driven cytokines on risk of obesity‐related diseases.ResultsObservationally, BMI was associated with 19 cytokines. For every SD increase in BMI, causal effect estimates were strongest for hepatocyte growth factor, monocyte chemotactic protein‐1 (MCP‐1), and tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL) and were as ratios of geometric means 1.13 (95% CI: 1.08‐1.19), 1.08 (95% CI: 1.04‐1.14), and 1.13 (95% CI: 1.04‐1.21), respectively. TRAIL was associated with a small increase in the odds of coronary artery disease (odds ratio: 1.03; 95% CI: 1.00‐1.06). There was inconsistent evidence for a protective role of MCP‐1 against inflammatory bowel diseases.ConclusionsObservational and MR estimates of the effect of BMI on cytokine levels were generally concordant. There was little evidence for an effect of raised levels of BMI‐driven cytokines on disease. These findings illustrate the challenges of MR when applied in the context of molecular mediation.
Obesity Pharmacotherapy is Effective in the Veterans Affairs Patient Population: A Local and Virtual Cohort Study
Authors: Pendse Jay , Vallejo‐García Franco , Parziale Andrew , Callanan Mae , Tenner Craig , Alemán José O. 
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveObesity is a major public health challenge, and the US military veteran population is disproportionately affected. Using deidentified records from a local weight management clinic and a national clinical data repository, obesity pharmacotherapy use and effectiveness for weight loss and obesity comorbidities in this vulnerable population were assessed.MethodsDuring the initial year of the local clinic, 43 records with monthly follow‐up of MOVE! lifestyle intervention augmented by obesity pharmacotherapy were found. Nationally, more than 2 million records of prescribed obesity pharmacotherapy compared with metformin as control were identified. Records with detailed documentation of weight trends from 1 year before to 1 year after the prescription date for further analysis were selected for review.ResultsThe most commonly prescribed medications in the local clinic were metformin, liraglutide, and combination phentermine/topiramate. On average, weight loss of −4.0 ± 2.1 kg over the initial 6‐month intervention was observed. In the national cohort, 577,491 records with an obesity or control metformin prescription and adequate weight documentation were identified. The most effective pharmacotherapy in the national cohort was phentermine/topiramate (−0.0931 ± 0.0198 kg/wk difference), followed by liraglutide, lorcaserin, and orlistat.ConclusionsObesity pharmacotherapy is effective in achieving clinically meaningful weight loss in veterans as part of an integrated care approach.
Perceptions, Attitudes, and Barriers to Obesity Care in Mexico: Data From the ACTION‐IO Study
Authors: Vázquez‐Velázquez Verónica , Laviada‐Molina Hugo , García‐García Eduardo , Sandoval‐Diez Edurne , Mancillas‐Adame Leonardo 
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveThe Awareness, Care, and Treatment in Obesity Management–International Observation (ACTION‐IO) study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT03584191) aimed to identify perceptions, attitudes, behaviors, and barriers to effective obesity care in people with obesity (PwO) and health care professionals (HCPs). This study presents the results from Mexico.MethodsAn online survey was conducted. In Mexico, eligible PwO were ≥18 years of age with BMI ≥30 kg/m2 based on self‐reported height and weight. Eligible HCPs had direct patient care.ResultsThe survey was completed by 2,000 PwO and 400 HCPs in Mexico. Many PwO (71%) and HCPs (94%) categorized obesity as a chronic disease. Sixty‐three percent of PwO felt motivated to lose weight, but many HCPs perceived that PwO were not interested in losing weight (76%) or motivated to lose weight (69%). Lack of financial means to support weight‐loss efforts was a barrier for PwO (34%) to discussing weight with HCPs. Sixty‐five percent of PwO had discussed weight with HCPs in the past 5 years. PwO (80%) and HCPs (89%) considered lack of exercise as the main barrier to weight loss. Few PwO (34%) had successfully lost ≥5% of their body mass over the past 3 years.ConclusionsThis ACTION‐IO study in Mexico identified discrepancies in the perceptions of PwO and HCPs, highlighting opportunities for further education and patient‐centered approaches.
Towards optimization techniques on diffeological spaces
Authors: Goldammer Nico , Welker Kathrin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDiffeological spaces firstly introduced by J.M. Souriau in the 1980s are a natural generalization of smooth manifolds. In this paper, we give a short overview of the necessary objects for optimization techniques on diffeological spaces. More precisely, we generalize the concepts of tangent spaces, Riemannian structures, retractions and Levi‐Civita connections.
A Chebyshev collocation method for band structure calculations of the longitudinal elastic waves in phononic crystals
Authors: Cao Leilei , Gu Yan , Fan Hao , Zhang Chuanzeng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this study, a Chebyshev collocation method (CCM) is developed and applied to calculate the band structures of longitudinal elastic waves in periodically multi‐layered phononic crystals. The general form of the CCM for a unit‐cell is derived, in which the periodic boundary conditions and continuity conditions on the interface between different component materials are imposed directly to the CCM scheme. The band structures or dispersion relations can be obtained by solving the corresponding linear eigenvalue problem, where the unknown frequencies are the eigenvalues and the components of the Bloch wave vector are given. The proposed CCM is verified by using the corresponding results obtained by the transfer matrix method. Due to the advantages of the CCM, the CCM presented in this paper can be easily generalized and applied to the high‐dimensional such as two‐dimensional (2D) problems.
A stochastic modeling strategy for intermittently unstable Ekman–Stokes boundary layers
Authors: Klein Marten , Schmidt Heiko 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe numerically investigate stable and intermittently unstable Ekman–Stokes boundary layers (ESBLs) as canonical problem for oscillatory near‐surface flows in Earth's ocean and atmosphere. The configuration is given by a neutrally‐stratified Newtonian fluid above a horizontal wall that resides in a rotating frame of reference. A flow is excited relative to this frame by lateral wall oscillations with prescribed amplitude and frequency. We utilize the stochastic one‐dimensional turbulence (ODT) model and investigate it's capabilities for time‐resolved numerical simulations from the laminar to the turbulent flow regime. The results obtained so far suggest that the model is able to capture the leading‐order transient dynamics of the laminar and turbulent ESBL. We conclude that ODT is an economical and reasonably accurate tool for studying transient boundary layers.
Computational homogenization of the electro‐chemically coupled multi‐scale transport of Li‐ions in structural battery electrolytes
Authors: Tu Vinh , Larsson Fredrik , Runesson Kenneth , Jänicke Ralf 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe structural battery electrolyte (SBE) is a crucial component for the structural battery, which is an innovative energy storage device. While the SBE must allow for ion transport, it must also contribute to the structural integrity of the battery. In this contribution, we study the electro‐chemical properties of the SBE using finite element analysis. For the governing equations, we use Ampere's law in terms of a balance equation, and also the mass continuity equation of ions, which in the end results in a fully coupled transient multiphysics problem. Due to the strong heterogeneities in the SBE microstructure, a multi‐scale approach is adopted.
Modeling gradient‐enhanced anisotropic ductile damage: Application to low cycle fatigue
Authors: Langenfeld Kai , Möhring Kerstin , Walther Frank , Mosler Jörn 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLow cycle fatigue is in general associated with large plastic strains accompanied by the formation and coalescence of pores. Considering continuum damage mechanics, many local constitutive models for ductile damage can be found in the literature. These local models however, that do not involve any length scale, lead to mesh dependent results. In order to regularize these local models, the micromorphic approach will be applied. Within this talk, it will be shown that the standard micromorphic approach is not suitable to regularize the underlying ductile damage model. A modified version will be therefore proposed and compared to the standard approach. This modified model will be extended to low cycle fatigue and its capabilities will be shown.
Efficient identification of material parameters based on experiments providing full‐field kinematics
Authors: Makhool Lubna , Balzani Daniel 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPerforming predictive and accurate simulations of anisotropic, nonlinear materials requires not only to construct an appropriate constitutive model describing the mechanical behavior, but also to devise a methodology which enables a quantitative identification of the material parameters. Nowadays, full‐field measurements of displacements and strains are considered as effective tool for material characterization. In the scope of this work, first, the material model is reformulated such that the parameters appear linear in the constitutive equations. Second, the full‐field kinematics are directly inserted into the discretized equilibrium equation. This enables the definition of a quadratic objective function in terms of differences of discrete internal and external forces. Third, one single inhomogeneous experimental setup is designed to excite all deformation modes in the material model.
Quenching friction‐induced oscillations in multibody‐systems by the use of high‐frequency excitation
Authors: Keller Simon , Seemann Wolfgang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDry friction can be a cause of undesired self‐excited oscillations. One way to suppress this underlying mechanism is the superposition of high‐frequency vibrations whereby the effective friction characteristics is changed and a quasi‐equilibrium can be stabilized. This damping effect is analyzed in detail for single‐degree‐of‐freedom systems [1] and experiments and simulations show a good accordance [2]. In this work, the analytical approach from [1] is used to analyze the stabilizing effect of superposed oscillations for a two‐degree‐of‐freedom system subject to friction.
Martensitic transformation in a two‐dimensional polycrystalline shape memory alloys using a multi‐phase‐field elasticity model based on pairwise rank‐one convexified energies at small strain
Authors: Sarhil Mohammad , Shchyglo Oleg , Brands Dominik , Steinbach Ingo , Schröder Jörg 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFor modeling the solid‐solid transformation using the phase‐field method, we need to describe the phase‐fields strain and stress fields in the interfacial regions which are necessary to define the mechanical driving force density of the phase‐fields motion. Seeking quantitative modeling, we introduce briefly a multi‐phase‐field elasticity model based on the rank‐one convexification of the pairwise energies which satisfies the pairwise interfacial static equilibrium and kinematic compatibility conditions. As an application, we simulate the martensitic transformation in a two‐dimensional polycrystalline SMAs at small strains. The finial evaluated microstructure consists of stress‐free laminates meeting the theoretical expectations.
Efficient Utilization of Surrogate Models for Uncertainty Quantification
Authors: Böttcher Maria , Leichsenring Ferenc , Fuchs Alexander , Graf Wolfgang , Kaliske Michael 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNumerical simulations for the analysis and the design of structures or systems are often based on deterministic characteristics, whereas the reality is determined by data and information which are characterized by various types of uncertainty (variability, imprecision, inaccuracy, incompleteness). Besides traditional probabilistic approaches, possibilistic uncertainty models are most recently in the focal point of research. Combining the characteristics of aleatoric and epistemic uncertainties, polymorphic uncertainty yields various uncertainty approaches related to the application field of imprecise probability models. Uncertainty analysis schemes, based on pointwise evaluation of a fundamental solution (structural analysis), usually lead to high computational costs, due to repetitive evaluations. Especially for complex uncertainty models, each uncertainty characteristic demands a separate quantification. Hence, surrogate models are indispensable in uncertainty quantification.Considering complex, high dimensional structural models, even single model evaluations are defined by significant computational cost. Therefore, the transition from traditional space‐filling sampling schemes towards adaptive sampling schemes allows for an overall decrease of computational cost while maintaining a necessary accuracy of the prediction. A variance based adaptive sampling strategy is proposed, constituted by the combination of exploration and exploitation of a given input space. The predictions' variances of multiple surrogate models are hereby utilized to detect regions of interest and define sampling points accordingly.The contribution briefly introduces the fundamentals of fuzzy‐set theory and interval based uncertainty analysis as well as a polymorphic uncertainty model. A generalized computational framework for uncertainty analysis is presented with special respect to corresponding computational effort. Subsequently, a concept for an variance based sampling scheme is explained and further utilized in an uncertainty analysis of a multi story structural example with uncertain material properties.
Numerical simulation of flow processes of wood‐polymer in extrusion dies
Authors: Liese Fabian , Wünsch Olaf 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe addition of wood to polymers results in wood‐polymer composites (WPC), whereby the wood content can be up to 80 %. This composite is mainly processed in extruded deckings. The extrusion die is an essential part of the process, which determines both process parameters and the final product. A characteristic of WPC extrusion dies is a partial solidification of the melt before leaving the die. This solidification is necessary to ensure a dimensionally stable extrusion. For the design of WPC extrusion dies numerical flow field calculations are increasingly used. Based on rheological measurements, both the shear thinning flow behaviour and the temperature dependence of the viscosity are modelled. In the parallel zone a pure shear flow is present, while in the transition elements such as the flange to the extruder or the mandrel due to the cross‐sectional changes strain rates are dominant. High‐density polyethylene (HDPE) with wood fibers has shear thinning and strain thickening behavior, so different models are needed to describe it. The results of the numerical simulations are compared with experimental values of an extrusion die for a square hollow profile.
Phase‐field model for erosion processes
Authors: Henning Carla , Brodbeck Maximilian , Koch Christian , Staudacher Stephan , Ricken Tim 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSolid particle erosion is one of the main damage mechanisms in high‐pressure compressors of jet engines. The significant shape change of the compressor blades leads to performance degradation over lifetime. To enhance predictive capabilities of erosive wear measurements under conditions, related to high pressure compressors, were performed. Even if there is no general model to describe erosive wear, it is understood that the transfer of kinetic energy from the impacting particle into the material is a central aspect in modelling erosion.In order to predict erosive wear of general geometries, Schrade et al. [9] developed a numerical model, based mainly on experimentally determined erosion rates. The shortcoming of such modelling approaches is the limited applicability in situations deferring to the measurement conditions. In the following, we will describe a physically based damage model, closing the gap between measurement and calculating shape changes of general specimens. Based on the phase‐field approach for predicting crack evolution presented by Miehe et al. [6], an overall energy balance of the considered specimen is constructed. A dissipative portion describes the influence of propagating damage, while special boundary conditions provides information about the energy transfer between impinging particles and specimen.