bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing fine‐grained nationwide predictions of valuable forests using biodiversity indicator bird species
Authors: Virkkala Raimo , Leikola Niko , Kujala Heini , Kivinen Sonja , Hurskainen Pekka , Kuusela Saija , Valkama Jari , Heikkinen Risto K. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe use of indicator species in forest conservation and management planning can facilitate enhanced preservation of biodiversity from the negative effects of forestry and other uses of land. However, this requires detailed and spatially comprehensive knowledge of the habitat preferences and distributions of selected focal indicator species. Unfortunately, due to limited resources for field surveys, only a small proportion of the occurrences of focal species is usually known. This shortcoming can be circumvented by using modeling techniques to predict the spatial distribution of suitable sites for the target species. Airborne laser scanning (ALS) and other remote sensing (RS) techniques have the potential to provide useful environmental data covering systematically large areas for these purposes. Here, we focused on six bird of prey and woodpecker species known to be good indicators of boreal forest biodiversity values. We used known nest sites of the six indicator species based on nestling ringing records. Thus, the most suitable nesting sites of these species provide important information for biodiversity‐friendly forest management and conservation planning. We developed fine‐grained, that is, 96 × 96 m grid cell resolution, predictive maps across the whole of Finland of the suitable nesting habitats based on ALS and other RS data and spatial information on the distribution of important forest stands for the six studied biodiversity indicator bird species based on nesting‐habitat suitability modeling, that is, the MaxEnt model. Habitat preferences of the study species, as determined by MaxEnt, were in line with the previous knowledge of species‐habitat relations. The proportion of suitable habitats of these species in protected areas (PAs) was considerable, but our analysis also revealed many potentially high‐quality forest stands outside PAs. However, many of these sites are increasingly threatened by logging because of increased pressures for using forests for bioeconomy and forest industry based on National Forest Strategy. Predicting habitat suitability based on information on the nest sites of indicator species provides a new tool for systematic conservation planning over large areas in boreal forests in Europe, and a corresponding approach would also be feasible and recommendable elsewhere where similar data are available.
Emerald ash borer intensifies harvest regimes on private land
Authors: Holt Jonathan R. , Smetzer Jennifer R. , Borsuk Mark E. , Laflower Danelle , Orwig David A. , Thompson Jonathan R. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractInvasive forest insects have significant direct impacts on forest ecosystems and they are also generating new risks, uncertainties, and opportunities for forest landowners. The growing prevalence and inexorable spread of invasive insects across the United States, combined with the fact that the majority of the nation's forests are controlled by thousands of autonomous private landowners, raises an important question: To what extent will private landowners alter their harvest practices in response to insect invasions? Using a quasi‐experimental design, we conducted a causal analysis to investigate the influence of the highly impactful emerald ash borer (EAB) on (1) annual probability of harvest; (2) intensity of harvest; and (3) diameter of harvested trees, for both ash and non‐ash species on private land throughout the Midwest and mid‐Atlantic regions of the United States. We found that EAB detection had a negative impact on annual harvest probability and a positive impact on harvest intensity, resulting in a net increase in harvested biomass. Furthermore, our estimates suggest that EAB detection will influence private landowners to harvest greater quantities of ash, relative to non‐ash species. We also found that harvested trees in EAB‐infested areas had smaller diameters, on average, compared with those unaffected by EAB. These results can help policymakers, forest managers, and extension programs to anticipate and better advise landowners and managers about their options and the associated outcomes for forests.
Effect of flower identity and diversity on reducing aphid populations via natural enemy communities
Authors: Zytynska Sharon E. , Eicher Moritz , Fahle Robin , Weisser Wolfgang W. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFloral plantings are often used in agriculture to attract pollinator communities, but they also play an important role in recruiting and establishing natural communities for natural pest control. Inconsistent effects of floral plantings for pest control may be a result of an absence of mechanistic insights and a reliance on the idea that simply increasing flower diversity will benefit these services. A more tailored set of flower species may be needed to benefit the natural enemies through provision of nectar and alternative prey. We used an outside pot experiment to investigate the effect of three flower plants (Fagopyrum esculentum, Vicia faba, and Trifolium pratense) on reducing aphid pests on four different plant cultivars of barley (Hordeum vulgare), over two years. We grew the four cultivars of barley alone, next to a single flower or next to a mixture of flowers, and observed aphid and natural enemy colonization across the growing season. Aphid population sizes were reduced on all barley cultivars grown next to a flower with stronger pest suppression when all flowers were present. Each flower species recruited a different community of non‐barley aphids that, in turn, varied in their ability to establish the natural enemy populations and subsequently the ability to reduce barley aphid populations. Overall, increased pest suppression in the mixed treatments was a result of numerous weaker interactions between different flower, aphid, and natural enemy species, rather than a few dominant interactions. Natural enemy communities could be enhanced by incorporating flower species that vary in their ability to attract and host alternative prey (i.e., non‐pest aphids) as well as suitable nectar provisioning. We can use our knowledge of ecological interactions to tailor floral plantings to increase the effectiveness of pest control services.
Long‐term prognostic value of vasodilator stress cardiac magnetic resonance in patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Weiss Karl J. , Nasser Sarah B. , Bigvava Tamar , Doltra Adelina , Schnackenburg Bernhard , Berger Alexander , Anker Markus S. , Stehning Christian , Doeblin Patrick , Abdelmeguid Mohamed , Talat Mohamed , Gebker Rolf , E‐Naggar Wael , Pieske Burkert , Kelle Sebastian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimsAlthough the prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) is high among patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), studies on stress perfusion cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging frequently exclude patients with AF, and its prognostic and diagnostic value in high‐risk patients with suspected or known CAD remains unclear.Methods and resultsIn this longitudinal cohort study, we included 164 consecutive patients with AF during vasodilator perfusion CMR. Diagnostic value was evaluated regarding invasive coronary angiography in a subset of patients. We targeted a follow‐up of >5 years and used CMR results as stratification, and the primary outcome was major adverse cardiac events [MACE, cardiovascular (CV) death and myocardial infarction (MI)]. Secondary outcomes included late coronary revascularization or stroke and the components of the primary outcome. Of the whole cohort (73.8% male, mean age 72.2 years ± 7.8 SD), 99.4% were successfully scanned (163/164 patients). Median CHA2DS2‐VASc score was 4 [interquartile range (IQR) 3–5], and median 10‐year risk for CV events based on SMART risk score was high (24%, IQR 16–32%). Thirty‐two patients (19.6%) presented with ischaemia and 52 patients (31.9%) with late gadolinium enhancement (LGE). A combination of LGE and inducible ischaemia was present in 20 patients (12.3%). Diagnostic accuracy was 86.2% [confidence interval (CI) 68.3–96.1%]. The median follow‐up was 6.6 years (IQR 3.6–7.8). Ischaemia in vasodilator perfusion CMR was significantly associated with the occurrence of MACE [P < 0.01; hazard ratio (HR) 2.65, CI 1.39–5.08], as well as LGE (P = 0.03; 1.74, CI 1.07–3.64) and the combination of both (P < 0.01; HR 2.67, CI 1.59–5.62). After adjustment by age, left ventricular ejection fraction, and the presence of diabetes, ischaemia in vasodilator perfusion CMR remained significantly associated with the occurrence of MACE (2.10, CI 1.08–4.10; P = 0.03). In secondary endpoint analysis, there was a significant association of ischaemia in CMR with CV death (P < 0.05; HR 1.93, CI 0.95–3.9) and MI (P < 0.01; HR 13, CI 1.35–125.4), while no significant association was found regarding the occurrence of revascularization (P = 0.45; HR 1.43, CI 0.57–3.58) or stroke (P = 0.99; HR 0.99, CI 0.21–2.59).ConclusionsVasodilator stress perfusion CMR demonstrated an excellent diagnostic and significant prognostic value at long‐term follow‐up in high‐risk patients with persistent AF and suspected or known CAD.
Metabolic reprograming shapes neutrophil functions in severe COVID‐19
Authors: Borella Rebecca , De Biasi Sara , Paolini Annamaria , Boraldi Federica , Lo Tartaro Domenico , Mattioli Marco , Fidanza Lucia , Neroni Anita , Caro‐Maldonado Alfredo , Meschiari Marianna , Franceschini Erica , Quaglino Daniela , Guaraldi Giovanni , Bertoldi Carlo , Sita Marco , Busani Stefano , Girardis Massimo , Mussini Cristina , Cossarizza Andrea , Gibellini Lara 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTo better understand the mechanisms at the basis of neutrophil functions during SARS‐CoV‐2, we studied patients with severe COVID‐19 pneumonia. They had high blood proportion of degranulated neutrophils and elevated plasma levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO), elastase, and MPO‐DNA complexes, which are typical markers of neutrophil extracellular traps (NET). Their neutrophils display dysfunctional mitochondria, defective oxidative burst, increased glycolysis, glycogen accumulation in the cytoplasm, and increase glycogenolysis. Hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α (ΗΙF‐1α) is stabilized in such cells, and it controls the level of glycogen phosphorylase L (PYGL), a key enzyme in glycogenolysis. Inhibiting PYGL abolishes the ability of neutrophils to produce NET. Patients displayed significant increases of plasma levels of molecules involved in the regulation of neutrophils’ function including CCL2, CXCL10, CCL20, IL‐18, IL‐3, IL‐6, G‐CSF, GM‐CSF, IFN‐γ. Our data suggest that metabolic remodelling is vital for the formation of NET and for boosting neutrophil inflammatory response, thus, suggesting that modulating ΗΙF‐1α or PYGL could represent a novel approach for innovative therapies.
Mesogenic Coordination Polymers Based on Ru2(II,II)‐Paddle‐Wheel Units Exhibit High Electrical Conductivity
Authors: Rossi Leonardo , Huck‐Iriart Cristian , Giovanetti Lisandro , Antonel P. Soledad , Marceca Ernesto , Cukiernik Fabio D. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe report the synthesis, characterization and properties of a series of coordination polymers (CP) in which paddle‐wheel diruthenium (II,II) tetracarboxylate units are linked by tetrazine as axial ligand, a combination aimed to promote electron delocalization along the CP axis. The use of bulky equatorial 3,4,5‐tri(alkoxy)benzoates (B3OCn, n=10, 14, 18) warranted the columnar liquid crystalline nature of the targeted Ru2(B3OCn)4tz CP, which allowed their processing as extruded fibers. The liquid crystalline phases of both the polymers and their Ru2(B3OCn)4 precursors have been studied by means of polarized optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, X‐ray diffraction and small and wide angle X‐ray scattering. We suggest herein some models for the supramolecular organization in the hexagonal and rectangular columnar mesophases these CP exhibited. Extrusion form the CLC phase lead to fibers in which the columnar axes were colinear with the fiber axis at a macroscopic scale. Electrical conductivity measurements on these fibers revealed high values (0.4 S/m) for the targeted CP.
Biotic and abiotic factors governing dune response to storm events
Authors: Garzon Juan L. , Costas Susana , Ferreira Oscar 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe alongshore response of dunes to storm events can be extremely variable and, consequently, their capacity to maintain their services, including the protection of hinterland communities. In this study, the role of biotic and abiotic factors determining the magnitude of dune retreat driven by a severe storm along a 60 km barrier island system was investigated. Data from high‐resolution satellite imagery, digital terrain models, and wave propagation models were used in this assessment. The assessed abiotic factors included the backshore volume, dune height, downdrift inlet distance, and incident wave power. The evaluated biotic factor was the vegetation cover, characterized by a vegetation index retrieved from the multispectral imagery. The results revealed large alongshore variability on dune retreat, ranging from negligible impact to ca. 40 m of retreat. All combined factors allowed us to explain up to 70% of the dune retreat variability through a multi‐regression analysis. Among all investigated factors, the major contributor controlling the magnitude of dune retreat was the backshore volume (more robust berms reduced the retreat) followed by the wave power (normal and longitudinal components). Moreover, the removal of local salient features in the dune line caused the straightening of the coastline, highly contributing to the development of dune retreat hotspots. The other evaluated factors had a smaller influence on reducing coastal retreat, including the vegetation, whose contribution to dune protection was around one order of magnitude lower than that provided by the backshore volume. The results highlight the importance of regional assessments to understand the causes behind the large alongshore variability of storm impacts at dunes. They also state the relatively low influence of the vegetation from this climatic region to enhance dune resistance to storms.
Impact of a two‐stage subgingival instrumentation scheme involving air polishing on attachment gain after active periodontal therapy
Authors: Schlagenhauf Ulrich , Hess Jeanine V. , Stölzel Peggy , Haubitz Imme , Jockel‐Schneider Yvonne 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate whether clinical attachment level gain (ΔCAL) in deep untreated periodontal lesions may be improved by a two‐stage, subgingival instrumentation scheme involving air polishing.MethodsThis 6‐month, randomized, controlled, examiner‐masked clinical trial was performed in 44 patients with periodontitis with untreated periodontal lesions ≥6 mm. At baseline, day 28, 84, and 168 CAL, probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), and plaque control record (PlaCR) were recorded. After baseline examination control group patients received full‐mouth sub‐ and supragingival instrumentation using scalers and curets. In the test group initial subgingival cleaning was limited to the removal of soft bacterial deposits by air polishing. Subgingival scaling and root planing was performed only after the first re‐evaluation at day 28.ResultsIn deep lesions ≥6 mm a significant reduction of mean CAL scores was observed at day 28 and at day 168 for both experimental groups. Differences between the groups however did not reach the level of significance. Mean PD was also significantly reduced at day 28 and at 168 in both experimental groups, with no significant differences between the groups. Mean BOP scores did not change significantly in both groups during the 168‐day observation period. Only in the test group mean PlaCR scores were significantly reduced at day 168 compared with baseline.ConclusionsSubgingival instrumentation of untreated PD ≥6 mm by air polishing alone results in a significant short‐term gain of CAL comparable to conventional scaling and root planing. Its sequential two‐step combination with scaling and root planing, however, does not additionally enhance long‐term gain of CAL.
Journals in Beall's list perform as a group less well than other open access journals indexed in Scopus but reveal large differences among publishers
Authors: Moed Henk F. , Lopez‐Illescas Carmen , Guerrero‐Bote Vicente P. , de Moya‐Anegon Felix 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe list of potential, possible or probable predatory scholarly open access (OA) publishers compiled by Jeffrey Beall was examined to determine the effect of their inclusion upon authors, and a possible bias against OA journals. Manually collected data from the publication archives of a sample of 250 journals from Beall publishers reveals a strong tendency towards a decline in their article output during 2012–2020. A comparison of the subset of 506 Beall journals indexed in Scopus with a benchmark set of other OA journals in Scopus with similar characteristics shows that Beall journals reveal as a group a strong decline in citation impact over the years, and reached an impact level far below that of their benchmarks. The Beall list of publishers was found to be heterogeneous in terms of bibliometric indicators but to be clearly differentiated from OA journals not included in the list. The same bibliometric comparison against comparable non‐OA journals reveal similar, but less marked, differences in citation and publication growth.
Both full length‐cholesteryl ester transfer protein and exon 9‐deleted cholesteryl ester transfer protein promote triacylglycerol storage in cultured hepatocytes
Authors: Liu Yan , Mihna Daniel , Izem Lahoucine , Morton Richard E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe previously reported that overexpression of full‐length cholesteryl ester transfer protein (FL‐CETP), but not its exon 9‐deleted variant (∆E9‐CETP), in an adipose cell line reduces their triacylglycerol (TAG) content. This provided mechanistic insight into several in vivo studies where FL‐CETP levels are inversely correlated with adiposity. However, increased FL‐CETP is also associated with elevated hepatic lipids, suggesting that the effect of CETP on cellular lipid metabolism may be tissue‐specific. Here, we directly investigated the role of FL‐CETP and ∆E9‐CETP in hepatic lipid metabolism. FL‐ or ∆E9‐CETP was overexpressed in HepG2‐C3A by adenovirus transduction. Overexpression of either FL or ∆E9‐CETP in hepatocytes increased cellular TAG mass by 25% but reduced TAG secretion. This cellular TAG was contained in larger and more numerous lipid droplets. Analysis of TAG synthetic and catabolic pathways showed that this elevated TAG content was due to increased incorporation of fatty acid into TAG (24%), and higher de novo synthesis of fatty acid (50%) and TAG from acetate (40%). siRNA knockdown of CETP had the opposite effect on TAG synthesis and lipogenesis, and decreased cellular TAG. This novel increase in cellular TAG by FL‐CETP overexpression was reproduced in Caco‐2 intestinal epithelial cells. We conclude that, unlike that seen in adipocyte cells, overexpression of either CETP isoform in lipoprotein‐secreting cells promotes the accumulation of TAG. These data suggest that the in vivo correlation between CETP levels and hepatic steatosis can be explained, in part, by a direct effect of CETP on hepatocyte cellular metabolism.
LONG‐TERM THINKING IN A SHORT‐TERM WORLD
Authors: Clark Dorie 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe author demonstrates how to apply long‐term thinking in business, professional development, and related areas; even while so many of today's pressures involve the short‐term. She includes examples from her own life and career, and also examples from other people, including pertinent quotes from branding consultant Martin Lindstrom, Silicon Valley innovation expert Jonathan Brill, consultant Ali Davies, Nobel Laureate Herbert A. Simon, and Getting Things Done productivity author David Allen. She cites relevant research from such sources as Management Research Group, the Strategic Thinking Institute, Silvia Bellezza of Columbia Business School, American Sociological Review, Economic Journal and others. This short‐term/long‐term balance is difficult, however. She writes that “almost no one likes the results of the short‐termism we see around us: the relentless frenzy, the endless hamster wheel, the aggressive pursuit of goals that quite possibly aren't the right ones. But it takes strength to go against the prevailing culture. That's both internal strength, because we have to face down uncomfortable questions about who we are and what we really want, and external strength, because we have to deal with bosses and colleagues and clients who are still used to measuring productivity through face time and volume.”
How to display products available in multiple color saturation: Fit between saturation and position
Authors: Huang Yunhui , Yang Lu , Liu Min 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPrevious research has investigated how visual features affect the evaluation of a singular product. Less is known about the effect of visual features when multiple products are displayed. Through three pilot studies and five experiments, the current research shows that displaying lower‐saturation color on the top/left and higher‐saturation color on the bottom/right leads to a more favorable evaluation of a product available in different colors saturations. This effect occurs because the magnitude fit between higher‐saturation color and the bottom/right position induces perceptual fluency. It diminishes when the product targets a neutral outgroup. More important, it reverses when the product targets a dissociative outgroup, showing that people tend to correct their judgment in the opposite direction of their feeling valence when evaluating products targeting dissociative outgroups. However, the fit effect holds in the context of buying gifts for members of dissociative outgroups. The findings contribute to the visual perception and fit literature. They also have significant practical implications for developing more effective product display strategies.
A poromechanical‐damage‐based‐model for water‐driven fracture modeling of concrete gravity dams
Authors: Bessaid Mohammed Ibrahim , Matallah Mohammed , Rouissat Boucherit 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWater‐driven fracture propagation is a fundamental issue in the failure analysis of cracked concrete gravity dams. In the present paper, a poromechanical‐damage–based model is proposed to study the water‐fracture interaction in saturated porous media in order to highlight the importance of considering the presence of the pressurized water in propagating fractures. The solid behavior is described by a plastic damage model. The crack openings computation is performed using a post‐processing method combined with the fracture energy regularization concept. The hydraulic behavior is governed by Darcy's law for the un‐cracked material. After cracking, the flow through fracture is driven by the cubic law and the material permeability is increased as the crack propagates. The validations are performed on a wedge splitting test. The failure analysis of a concrete gravity dam under hydraulic fracturing shows that considering the water pressure in cracks leads to deeper and larger fracture propagation.