bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measurements and modelling of diamagnetic flux in ASDEX Upgrade
Authors: Giannone L. , Fischer R. , Kappatou A. , Tardini G. , Weiland M. , Angioni C. , Fable E. , Griener M. , McDermott R.M. , Sieglin B. , Jansen van Vuuren A. , Bilato R. , Dunne M. , Gude A. , Kallenbach A. , Kurz J.M. , Maraschek M. , Rittich D.M. , Ryter F. , Schneider P.A. , Schuhbeck K.H. , Stroth U. , Zohm H. , the ASDEX Upgrade Team  
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The reproducibility of diamagnetic flux measurements in vacuum field shots for the internal and external diamagnetic flux measurements in the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak is investigated. A comparison of diamagnetic flux measurements and predictions from equilibrium reconstruction, including pressure constraints from thermal and fast-ion contributions, is reported. The ideal magnetohydrodynamic model involved in interpreting diamagnetic flux measurements in a tokamak with anisotropic pressure is summarised. The plasma energy calculated from equilibrium reconstruction and inferred from diamagnetic flux measurements is compared with the respective values calculated by modelling with TRANSP and IDE/RABBIT. It is found that at low densities, in discharges with parallel neutral beam sources, the plasma energy inferred from the diamagnetic flux measurements is smaller than the plasma energy calculated from the equilibrium reconstruction. In addition, details of the modelling are discussed to stress the interdependence of the various modelling inputs and the interpretation of the results. A comparison of diamagnetic flux measurements with calculations from equilibrium reconstruction by IDE and fast-ion profiles from RABBIT and TRANSP simulations can identify anisotropic plasma discharges and provide a consistency check of the input data for modelling.
Evaluation of dynamic Localization System Based on UWB and Wi-Fi for Indoor Environments
Authors: Mosleh Mahmood F , Daraj A K 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDue to limitations and complexity in indoor communications, many wireless technologies deployed to correspond with those challenges. The Ultra-Wideband (UWB) wireless communication for indoor environments is one of the widespread bands developed for convey high data rate. The other widespread band is 2.4GHz based on Wi-Fi technology. Each of the mentioned bands could be convenient for specific areas and not for others based on long or short-range communications. In this paper, both bands are applied for indoor environments to find the target’s locations. A new technique based on Multi-Scale Bands with Dynamic approach (MSBD) is applied to implement an optimum system. The three dimensional (3D) case study building designed based on Wireless Insite Package with real building geometric measurements. It is worth to mention that both bands are applied based on dynamic parameters to assign specific parameters for specific environments. The average error in the whole building based on static parameters using UWB is (1.023m) while (0.452m) based on individual 2.4GHZ. The obtained results confirm that the proposed MSBD technique is significantly outperformed individual band with static parameters. The enhancement is noted from error range which improved from (1.023m) to (0.08m) for UWB and (0.452m) to (0.15m) for 2.4GHz. For optimum system, the UWB was deployed for a distance under (10m) and Wi-Fi for other distance. By deploying both technologies and using the dynamic system, the performance of the proposed system worked with accurate measurements in short and long-distance in addition to both LOS and NLOS scenarios identify relevant articles in literature searches, great care should be taken in constructing both.
Controlling of Induction Motor Using Grey Wolf Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Fadhil Ghaith M. , Abed Issa A. , Jasim Rasheed S. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper introduces the improved Direct Torque Control (DTC) of the Induction Motor (IM) to enhance its performance. The DTC method is generally used to control electrical machinery. The traditional Proportional Integral (PI) speed controller parameters are manually adjusted to match the speed with the given reference. However, traditional PI has a drawback such that it does not fit all error limits. Thus, the intelligent DTC has been discussed with the proposed Grey Wolf (GWO). The grey wolf algorithm is used to adjust PI speed controller parameters as well the results are compared with those of genetic algorithm. Simulation results show that the GWO algorithm is exceptionally successful for improving induction motor with a fast-tracking response.
A Proposed Linear Multi-Controller Architecture to Improve the Performance of Software Defined Networks
Authors: Noman Haeeder Munther , Jasim Mahdi Nsaif 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In the last few years, there has been a growing interest in the rise of demand for moving from traditional networks towards software-defined networks, this has raised a lot of challenges. Software-defined networks are continually evolving, which include the need to address issues such as scalability, and packet loss, transmission delay and network congestion. accordingly, researchers introduced the concept of multi-controller architectures, although it will not assist to balance the load between them, it will tackle the network congestion issue through the distribution of load between them. the present study proposes a linear multi-controller architecture to explore the impact of increasing the number of controllers connected in a linear style on network performance. The study was based on the generation of simultaneous multi-flows with different sizes using Distributed Internet Traffic Generator(D-ITG). From the outcomes of our investigation, it is possible to conclude that the performance-enhanced uniformly with the number of controllers while preserving the same number of Open Vswitches. as the number of controllers reached four, The Quad-controller architecture recorded the best results related to improving the reduction of average delay and average jitter to 62% and 64% as well as increasing the throughput, bytes received, average packet rate to 32%, 32% and 31.8%.
A Comparative Performance Analysis for Static and Dynamic Load Balancing Techniques in Software Defined Network Environment
Authors: Noman Haeeder Munther , Jasim Mahdi Nsaif 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Traditional load balancer suffers from inflexibility, high cost and the difficulty to manage the network. Software-Defined Network (SDN) gives a promising solution for traditional load balancer limitations through enabling programmability and centralized control over the network, which offers inexpensive and scalable solutions. This paper investigates the impact of increasing the workload requests from 0 up to 180 requests per second (req/sec) in order to explore average network throughput under the deployment of static as well as dynamic load balancing algorithms by the POX controller. The study was based on the utilization of HTTPerf based on the fact that it provides a flexible facility for the generation of various HTTP workloads as well for the measurement of server performance. Our experiments revealed that as the number of requests increases the throughput increases as well. Dynamic least bandwidth-based load balance scheme has shown a remarkable improvement in terms of average network throughput up to 8%, 3.3% and 2.56 %, as compared with static load balancing schemes like random, round-robin and weighted round-robin. However, Dynamic least bandwidth recorded a slight ineffective improvement less than 1 % was recorded when a comparison was carried out dynamic least connections, this directed us to the fact that their performance was almost the same. Based on what dynamic least bandwidth scheme has achieved in terms of average network throughput, more efforts should be driven by the researchers on algorithm development like introducing static weight for each server as well as the application of the algorithm on several POX controllers to avoid a single point of failure.
Parabolic solar water heater performance with optimum tracking system: Baghdad city case study
Authors: Al-Sayyab Ali K Shaker , Aabdul Wahid Mohammed 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe energy extracted from the solar is changing cording to seasons and the way of tracking. In this study, have been five tracking modes are North-South and East-West, which have been rotating over the seasons of the year. Also, the Baghdad city has been chosen to select the optimum tracking mode. A mathematical pattern has been used to solve numerically. From this study, deduced that all the tracking models performance is converging at the noon period of the North-South tracking mode. These will allow the highest solar energy collected is 34.15% from the East-West tracking rotating mode.
Corrosion protection of zinc alloy ZA12 using anodizing process in acidic media
Authors: Abdulhussein Basheer A. , Ajeel Sami A. , Ali Alaa M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Zinc alloys are used in very wide industrial applications due to their excellent physical and mechanical properties. To improve the corrosion resistance, anodizing process is used. Anodizing of Zinc Alloy ZA12 is investigated in 1 M H2SO4 solution for 10, 20 30,40 and 50 mins at a constant voltage of 5V. Atomic force microscope (AFM) used to study the surface roughness of the anodic film. The results show that the surface roughness of anodic film is primarily depending on the anodizing time and coating average thickness. Furthermore, the microhardness also increases with the anodizing time. The corrosion performances in sea water of both anodized and non-anodized zinc specimens are acquired by potentiostatic polarization. Corrosion current density (iCorr) and corrosion potential (ECorr) are obtained from potentiostatic polarization studies. The studies show that the corrosion current density and corrosion rate were reduced with increasing the anodizing time which enlarges anodic film average thickness. The results of corrosion rates indicate an enhancement in corrosion resistance of anodized Zinc Alloy ZA12 in the sea water. Contact angle test measurements for ZnO layer formation on zinc alloy AZ12 were detected which indicate that the contact angle of un-anodized film seems to be elevated than that of anodized film after sealing the anodic film.
Research on Electrical Automation Metal Pipe Cutting Device
Authors: Zheng Hui , Tang Lin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This article analyzes the key points in the design of electrical automation metal pipe cutting devices. The content of this article includes cutting principle analysis, power supply structure design, transducer design, horn design, controller selection, touch control screen circuit design, sensor circuit design, emergency stop control circuit design, executive circuit design, etc. The author studied the amplitude detection experiment, process parameter experiment, cutting experiment analysis, etc., whose purpose is to improve the orderliness of the metal pipe cutting process and improve the final construction quality of the pipe.
Design of a diamond tool for laser in situ assistance
Authors: Mingqiang Xia , Guangfeng SHI , Jiaolong BI , Jiyu GAO , Dawei YU , Guoquan SHI 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Abstract Laser in-situ auxiliary processing is an advanced hard and brittle material processing method. In order to improve the utilization rate of the laser in the processing process and better realize the thermal softening effect on hard and brittle materials, the transmission model of the laser and diamond tools was established by COMSOL, and the laser transmission through the rake face of the ordinary arc-edged diamond tool was analyzed. A diamond tool with laser incident surface parallel to the rake surface is designed. The laser incident surface of this diamond tool is parallel to the rake surface, so that the laser can penetrate the diamond rake surface perpendicularly, which is compared with the ordinary circle. The arc turning tool can significantly improve the beam quality, increase the power density of the laser penetrating the tool, and obtain the temperature field change of the diamond tool during laser irradiation and the rule of tool tip deformation. The research is to improve the laser in-situ assisted diamond tool Machining accuracy provides theoretical basis.
Enhanced Physical Properties of PEO /GRAPHENE Composites
Authors: Hua Lei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
PEO/graphene composites were prepared by a simple and green method in presence of graphite oxide (GO) reduced by Vitamin C (VC) in aqueous. The resultant PEO/RG-VC composites exhibited excellent thermal and outstanding mechanical properties. When loading about 7 wt.% RG-VC graphene sheets, the Youngs modulus of PEO/RG-VC 7 was improved as two times as that of the neat PEO. However, the crystallization behaviour of the composites could not be improved as expected.
Intelligent Control System for Corn Harvester
Authors: Wang Chen , Cao Shukun , Gao Kuizeng , Cao Wenlong , Cui Shoubo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Based on the traditional corn harvester, this paper optimizes the basic structure of the harvester, analyzes the transmission mode and working principle of each mechanism, and designs and selects the electric devices and sensors needed in the optimization process. Combined with PLC control theory and output signal processing of sensors, the hydraulic components of walking hydraulic system of electric devices and harvesters are controlled.
Process design of BS15-1602001 clutch withdrawal fork
Authors: Sang Zhenyuan , Sun Shuguang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BS15-1602001 clutch withdrawal fork is one of the main components produced for certain enterprise. The special shape and the complicated conversion among design datum, positioning datum and measuring datum lead to difficulty in detecting the machining parts. This article focuses on the design and determination of the part process route from several aspects, such as the machining processability of the part material and structure, the selection of the rough positioning reference and the precision reference, the machining allowance and the determination of the dimensional tolerances, in which content involves knowledge of metal materials, machining, cutting tools, fixtures, equipment, heat treatment, etc.
Analysis on Vibration Characteristics of Flexible Rotating Manipulator
Authors: Yue Pengfei , Zhao Yang , Zhu Yongyong , Wang Deshi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Aiming at the problem that the inertia effect of the tip mass causes the accuracy decrease of the manipulator’s movement, the floating coordinate system was utilized to describe the manipulator’s elastic deformation displacement, and the nonlinear coupling term caused by the transverse deformation was taken into account. According to Lagrange equation of the second type, the system dynamics equation expressed by the modal function was derived. Combined with numerical simulation, the influence of the tip mass on the vibration characteristics of the system was analyzed. Studies have shown that the tip load of the flexible manipulator increases the vibration response amplitude of the system and reduces the response frequency. Reducing the length of the manipulator is beneficial to improve its motion accuracy. Research results have application value for manipulator optimization design and reliability evaluation.
Study on the influence of tube surface notch on crack initiation during blanking
Authors: Zhao R F , Xiao X D , Guo L , Gao W C , Liu Y W 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In the process of precision tube separation, according to the prefabricated notches on the outer surface of the tube, the notch effects of different types of notches are studied, and the influence of the stress field at the root of the annular V-shaped notch is analyzed. It is determined that the notch angle, notch depth and the radius of the bottom angle of the notch root are the three main parameters that affect the stress field at the root of the notch, and the mathematical expression of the V-notch parameters suitable for tube separation is derived. The design of tube precision separation notch is put forward, and four different notches are numerically simulated. It is concluded that 45° asymmetric V-shaped notch and annular V-shaped notch facing the cutting end are the two notches which are more suitable for the blanking method in this paper. An experimental study is carried out on the crack propagation caused by the notch, and the experimental results are consistent with the numerical simulation results.
Research progress on selective laser melting of hard composite materials
Authors: Xie Y X 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Composite materials are made of multiphase materials composed of two or more materials with different properties. Hard composite materials are often used as alloy materials for tool production due to their high hardness, high strength and good wear resistance. This paper briefly introduces the domestic and foreign research progress and technical status of hard composite materials by laser area melting, summarizes the influence of forming powder and process parameters on the forming performance characteristics of hard composite materials, as well as selective laser melting area of hard composite materials. The quality inspection and molding process simulation of the company, and prospects for the future development, provide a reference for the laser melting “3D printing” of hard composite materials.
Research on the Numerical Model of Solvent Diffusion Based on Fick’s Law and Free Volume Theory
Authors: Xu Haibo , Li Peixuan , Wen Litao , Wang Zewei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The release of acetone solvent from the adhesive layer is an important part of the curing of DW-1 adhesive, and this process is mainly affected by its diffusion behavior. In order to predict the volatile residual amount of acetone in the adhesive layer, the diffusion phenomenon of acetone solvent was studied. Based on Fick’s law, a numerical model of solvent diffusion is established, and a calculation method of mutual diffusion coefficient suitable for the system of acetone and DW-1 glue is proposed; a simulation model is constructed to reveal the competition mechanism of volatilization phenomenon and diffusion phenomenon, and analyzes the acetone in the diffusion process Distribution status. The theoretical guidance for reducing the residual amount of acetone is provided by this research in the adhesive layer.
The influence of process parameters on the performance of nylon 6 selective laser sintering parts
Authors: Si Liang , Han Yuchen , Zhou Mengyuan , Li Maoyuan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
During the selective laser sintering process, the sintering behavior between powders is mainly affected by thermal effect. There are a large number of process parameters influencing the variation of temperature and molten pool, of which the laser density and scanning speed play a crucial role in determining the performance of the parts. In this paper, the effects of laser density and scanning speed on the precision and strength of polyamide 6 selective laser sintering parts were systematically investigated. The results show that with the increase of energy density, the positive dimensional deviation of the parts in three directions increases gradually, and the tensile strength increases at beginning and then decreases. When the laser power and scanning speed were changed, the tensile strength of the parts varied between 5.62 MPa and 58.74 MPa.
Effect of Equal Channel Angular Pressing on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of ZK60 Alloy
Authors: Ling Zhang , Yinglong Li , Chengtao Yu , Zongli Pi , Qi Shao 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Approaches of optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction, electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and mechanical property testing have been used to study the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-6.1Zn-0.7Zr alloys before and after equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) investigated in detail using. The study demonstrates that the microstructure comprises of fine-grained equiaxed dynamic recrystallization. The size of various grains is in the range 2.3-5.2 μm along the boundaries of unrecrystallized grains after 6 passes of ECAP. Meanwhile, the Mg-Zn and Mg-Zn-Zr compounds gradually crush into fine dispersed particles and the dislocation density increases. With increase of pass the average (0001)<11-20> basal slip Schmid factor gradually increases to 0.41. The strength and ductility have improved with increasing of ECAP pass. Notably, after 6 passes, due to decrease of grain size and the strengthening effects of fragmentized secondary phase particles, the ultimate tensile strength increases to 260 MPa, and the elongation at break exceeds 28.6%.
Laser SLAM optimization based on resampling
Authors: Xu Shuyang , Cao Shukun , Gao Kuizeng , Cao Wenlong , Ma Jianzhong , Chen Song , Wang Chen 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In order to solve the particle degradation and particle exhaustion in the simultaneous positioning and map construction method of Rao-Blackwellized particle filter, an optimization method for simultaneous positioning and map construction is proposed. In order to alleviate the need for too much data in the re-sampling stage, the calculation time is longer, and the calculation amount is reduced by dropping some low-weight particles and reducing the number of particles. The experimental results show that compared with the traditional RBPF-SLAM method, the improved method can obtain a more accurate map with fewer particles, reduce the number of Kalman particle filtering, and reduce the amount of calculation to meet the needs of actual use.
Standard and verification regulation of asphalt wax content measuring instrument
Authors: Zhang Jinning , Zhou Yishu , Liu Yue , Chen Liuqing , Wang Pengfei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Asphalt wax content measuring instrument is a key equipment used to measure the wax content in petroleum asphalt. It is mainly used to measure the wax content of road asphalt, and is widely used in transportation industry and petroleum industry. This project focuses on the research of asphalt wax content meter, investigates the practicability of the current measurement verification regulation, excavates the deep-seated reasons in the process of metrological verification, corrects the deficiencies existing in the existing measurement verification regulations, and adds new requirements in line with the construction of transportation power, so as to make the measurement verification regulations meet the requirements of current engineering construction. Based on the above reasons, the research on asphalt wax content meter is carried out. According to the existing measurement verification regulations, combined with the characteristics of equipment value and the requirements of transportation power, it can guide the production of such equipment, improve the quality, and guide the test and detection personnel have a clear understanding of the status of the equipment in the daily detection process. The measurement verification regulations can ensure the wax content of asphalt in the construction process of high-grade highway It has a positive effect on promoting the construction of transportation power.