bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variations in oxidative stress and antioxidant defense level during different phases of hibernation in common Asian toad,Duttaphrynus melanostictus
Authors: Patnaik Prabhati , Sahoo Deba Das 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTTo assess redox status during hibernation with metabolic depression, oxidative stress parameters and antioxidant defense were assessed during different phases of hibernation including active period, hibernation, arousal, and post-arousal period, in the liver and brain tissues of Duttaphrynus melanostictus. We hypothesized low levels of oxidative stress and antioxidant defense during the hibernation period in comparison to the summer active period, due to hypometabolism and their subsequent increase during the arousal period following an increase in body temperature and metabolism. Contrary to our hypothesis, increased oxidative stress with significantly higher lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, oxidized glutathione (GSSG): glutathione (GSH) ratio, and elevated antioxidants defense consisting of higher catalase activity and high ascorbic acid content to control oxidative stress were found during hibernation. However, GSH and uric acid levels were found low with super oxide dismutase (SOD) activities at a steady level during hibernation. Supporting our hypothesis, increased oxidative stress with high lipid peroxidation and GSSG:GSH ratio were found during arousal from hibernation owing to increased oxygen consumption and rewarming. Augmented catalase and SOD activities and nonenzymatic antioxidants (GSH, ascorbic acid, and uric acid) level were found to counteract oxidative stress during arousal periods as it was expected. A steady level of protein carbonylation, indicating no oxidative damage during arousal from hibernation due to elevated antioxidant defense, shows the significance of hibernation to overcome food and water scarcity and cold climatic condition. Decrease in antioxidants levels accompanying coming down of lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, and GSSG:GSH ratio to their lower levels during the post-arousal period showing normalcy in redox status as it was during active period indicates controllability of oxidative stress in hibernating toads.
Knowledge, attitude, and behaviours on diet, physical activity, and tobacco use among school students: A cross-sectional study in two Indian states
Authors: Bassi Shalini , Bahl Deepika , Harrell Melissa Blythe , Jain Neha , Kandasamy Arun , Salunke Subhash R. , Shah Vinod Gajanan , Raghunathan Prema , Markandan Selvarajan , Murthy Pratima , Arora Monika 
Published: July 2021

Background:Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are escalating in India and can be attributed to behavioural risk factors such as unhealthy diet, physical inactivity and tobacco use that began in early years. Understanding adolescents’ knowledge, attitudes and behaviours (KAB) related to NCD risk factors would inform the development of school-based health programmes to prevent NCDs.Methods:Sixth-grade students (n=1026) in 20 schools (10 private, 10 public) from two Indian cities (n=667 from Pune; n=359 from Bengaluru) participated in a KAB survey in 2019. Differences in KAB by gender, school type within cities were investigated.Results:Knowledge about the harms of tobacco use was higher than knowledge about a healthy diet and the importance of physical activity. Only a small proportion of students did not eat breakfast (8.7%) or fruits (11.3%) daily. Only 33.4% of students read nutrition labels before choosing their food. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity of less than an hour per day was reported by 42.5% of students. Approximately one-third of students had ever tried smoking tobacco (30.1%), smokeless tobacco (30.5%), and e-cigarettes (32.4%). Differences in these behaviours by gender and school type showed that both boys, girls and students of private and public schools are vulnerable.Conclusions:The findings highlight that knowledge is low for thematic areas like diet and physical activity. Low knowledge can be attributed to unfavourable behaviours like lack of reading nutrition labels and indulgence in sedentary activities. To protect India’s young population (adolescents), there is a need to amplify health education activities and context-specific health intervention materials for them by engaging parents and communities. Thus, these programmes should be incorporated into the curriculum as part of the regular teaching, as they may induce positive changes in their knowledge and behaviours. In India, school health programmes should dedicate significant time to health promotion and NCD risk prevention.
Consideraciones para la provisión de servicios de regulación de fertilidad para mujeres durante la pandemia por COVID-19
Authors: Reyes-Torres Leonardo Cristian , López-Labarca Claudio Enrique 
Published: July 2021

Introducción. La salud sexual y reproductiva (SSR) constituye un derecho humano universal. Debido a las consecuencias generadas por la pandemia del Virus SARS-COV-2 las prestaciones en salud sexual y reproductiva han sido postergadas en diferentes países. En Chile, debido a las medidas de distanciamiento social y reorganización de los servicios, se ha observado una pérdida en el acceso y continuidad de las prestaciones a causa de la reorientación de los recursos de atención primaria de salud. Las consecuencias de estas decisiones afectan a las prestaciones preventivas en SSR y descontinuación de los controles de anticoncepción. Esto último se torna más grave si se observa que este nivel resuelve el 95 % de las prestaciones de anticoncepción de toda la red pública. Objetivos. Describir las principales recomendaciones internacionales disponibles respecto del manejo de la anticoncepción en tiempos de pandemia y generar propuestas generales aplicables a nuestro país. Material y métodos. Se realizó una revisión de literatura en Pubmed, Biblioteca Cochrane y sitios web de las principales sociedades científicas internacionales de habla hispana e inglesa. Resultados. Se identificaron 6 documentos que sistematizan la información reciente y actualizada para que los países puedan enfrentar de la mejor manera las problemáticas en anticoncepción. Los resultados fueron organizados en: implementación de sistema de consultas no presenciales, sugerencias para el acceso a información/ servicios y manejo de los distintos tipos de anticoncepción. Conclusiones. La adopción de la totalidad o algunas de las medidas propuestas supone que un sistema de salud pueda prevenir las consecuencias derivadas de la pérdida de acceso y continuidad en los servicios de anticoncepción y SSR.
THE CALAMUS JAVENSIS (ARECACEAE: CALAMOIDEAE) COMPLEX IN HISTORICAL BIOGEOGRAPHIC CONTEXT
Authors: Atria Mega , Van Welzen Peter C 
Published: July 2021

ATRIA, M. & VAN WELZEN, P. C. 2021. The Calamus javensis (Arecaceae: Calamoideae) complex in historical biogeographic context. Reinwardtia 20(1): 1−7. — Calamus javensis is a very polymorphic species with a number of recognisable forms (of which several were once even recognized at species level). A historical biogeographic analysis showed no historical distribution pattern in the diversification of these various forms. The forms are very likely the result of adaptation to local circumstances, whereby more or less identical forms can develop under similar niche circumstances in disjunct areas, exceptions are the ‘acuminatus-polyphyllus’ form and C. tenompokensis that are recognisable and present in a non-disjunct area.
The Development of Four-Tier Diagnostic Test Instrument to Identify the Learners’ Misconception on Circular Motions
Authors: Wahyuni Nina , Bhakti Yoga Budi , Mutakin Tatan Zenal , Astuti Irnin Agustina Dwi 
Published: July 2021

Difficulty understanding students' concepts needs to be known so that improvements can be made so that eventually students can master the concepts well. Misconception diagnostic tests can be an alternative to uncovering causes or factors of misconception in students. This study aims to develop a Four-Tier Test diagnostic test instrument to diagnose students' misconceptions on circular motion material. This research is a development study using 4D models. The developed four-tier test diagnostic test instrument consists of 40 multiple-choice questions. The results of the content validation by five experts stated that the instrument was very feasible with an average percentage of 86,34%. Empirical trial results show as many as 40 valid diagnostic test items have enough to good power a level of difficulty and discrimination power. The reliability of the questions was analyzed using the Kuder Richardson formula of 0.785 with a high category. This instrument can be used to minimize the time spent in the process of identifying misconceptions because it is in the form of multiple-choice with varied questions.
Warum gibt es Literatur? Griechische Bibliotheken, römische Leser und die Entwicklung einer literarischen Kultur
Authors: Schmitz Thomas A. 
Published: July 2021

Zusammenfassung
Das Aufkommen einer Buchkultur und die Gründung großer Bibliotheken waren seit dem 3. Jh. v. Chr. entscheidend für die Etablierung einer literarischen Tradition. Ihr begegnet die römische Kultur seit dem 2. Jh. v. Chr. in Gestalt von Büchern und Bibliotheken. Dies hat nicht nur in Rom Vorstellungen von der Arbeitsweise eines Autors und den Lektüreerfahrungen von Lesern entscheidend geprägt, sondern bleibt wichtig für das Verständnis dafür, was Literatur ist.
Incidence and characterisation of Bacillus cereus bacteriophages from Thua Nao, a Thai fermented soybean product
Authors: Phongtang Wallapat , Chukeatirote Ekachai 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Bacillus cereus is considered to be an important food poisoning agent causing diarrhea and vomiting. In this study, the occurrence of B. cereus bacteriophages in Thai fermented soybean products (Thua Nao) was studied using five B. cereus sensu lato indicator strains (four B. cereus strains and one B. thuringiensis strain). In a total of 26 Thua Nao samples, there were only two bacteriophages namely BaceFT01 and BaceCM02 exhibiting lytic activity against B. cereus. Morphological analysis revealed that these two bacteriophages belonged to the Myoviridae. Both phages were specific to B. cereus and not able to lyse other tested bacteria including B. licheniformis and B. subtilis. The two phages were able to survive in a pH range between 5 and 12. However, both phages were inactive either by treatment of 50°C for 2 h or exposure of UV for 2 h. It should be noted that both phages were chloroform-insensitive, however. This is the first report describing the presence of bacteriophages in Thua Nao products. The characterization of these two phages is expected to be useful in the food industry for an alternative strategy including the potential use of the phages as a biocontrol candidate against foodborne pathogenic bacteria.
Study on controlling nicotine release from snus by the SIPN membranes
Authors: Zhan Xiaoping , Jian Xiaopeng , Mao Zhenmin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Snus is one of the types of smokeless tobaccos, which is popular in many countries and regions. The nicotine level in the plasma samples obtained from snus users is similar to the nicotine level obtained from cigarette smokers; hence, the snus users find it difficult to quit. The aim of this study is to develop new semi-interpenetrating polymer (SIPN) membranes that control the stable release of nicotine from snus, achieving the purpose of quitting smoking. Here, the SIPN comprising a polyacrylate network and PEG chains was synthesized through in situ radical polymerization. The SIPN was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, contact angle, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, cytotoxicity, and in vitro release experiments. Furthermore, this SIPN was used to evaluate the release properties of nicotine in different snus samples varying in moisture, pH, and the tobacco’s particle size. The results indicated that the new SIPN could control release of nicotine at a specific rate, and the release rate could be adjusted according to the customer requirements. Thus, the new SIPN was contributed to build a new nicotine replacement therapy that served the snus users.
Aristotelian and/or Nietzschean narratology
Authors: Sorci Antonino 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOver the years, narratologists have established a unitary view of narrative structure based on the principles of Aristotle’sPoetics. I propose in this essay to describe the general features of an alternative epistemological framework based on a renewed interpretation of Friedrich Nietzsche’sThe Birth of Tragedy. Through this analysis, I wish to show how the adoption of the Aristotelian model as a framework for narratological research could have led to neglecting certain fundamental aspects of narrativity that the adoption of a Nietzschean perspective, conversely, would highlight. In particular, I want to emphasize that the abandonment of the Aristotelian perspective in favor of a Nietzschean approach can be extremely useful in order to highlight the über-natural character of so-called “unnatural narratives”. I will test my hypotheses through the analysis of David Foster Wallace’s short story “Mister Squishy” (2004), which represents an emblematic case of “Nietzschean narrative”.
Synthesis, surface modification, and characterization of Fe3O4@SiO2 core@shell nanostructure
Authors: Alterary Seham S. , AlKhamees Anfal 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In recent times, nanoparticles have been the focal point of research in nanoscience due to their wide scope of potential applications in all fields of science. Iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (NPs) show incredible magnetic saturation, stability, biocompatibility, and intuitive properties on the surface, which makes them ideal for being utilized in several ways. In the present study, Fe3O4 NPs were synthesized by co-precipitation and further coated with silica (SiO2) to avoid aggregation. Synthesized nanoparticles (Fe3O4@SiO2) were individually functionalized using glycine and malonic acid and characterized by various spectroscopies and microscopies techniques. XRD diffraction analysis showed that the presence of SiO2 did not alter the diffraction pattern peaks, which represented the existence of Fe3O4. The presence of Fe3O4 and SiO2 nanoparticles were further confirmed using EDS. Transmission electron microscope micrographs of the synthesized nanoparticles exhibited spherical shape and confirmed the increase in particle size after coating with SiO2. Also, the analysis of dynamic light scattering showed that the particle size of Fe3O4@SiO2 functionalized with malonic acid (229.433 nm) was greater than those functionalized with glycine (57.2496 nm). However, the surface area was greater in Fe3O4@SiO2-glycine (104.8 m2/g) than Fe3O4@SiO2-malonic acid (26.15 m2/g). The key findings suggest that the synthesized core-shell Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles are a promising candidate for a wide array of applications in the field of medicine and environmental science.
Placental mitochondrial function as a driver of angiogenesis and placental dysfunction
Authors: Correia Yolanda , Scheel Julia , Gupta Shailendra , Wang Keqing 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The placenta is a highly vascularized and complex foetal organ that performs various tasks, crucial to a healthy pregnancy. Its dysfunction leads to complications such as stillbirth, preeclampsia, and intrauterine growth restriction. The specific cause of placental dysfunction remains unknown. Recently, the role of mitochondrial function and mitochondrial adaptations in the context of angiogenesis and placental dysfunction is getting more attention. The required energy for placental remodelling, nutrient transport, hormone synthesis, and the reactive oxygen species leads to oxidative stress, stemming from mitochondria. Mitochondria adapt to environmental changes and have been shown to adjust their oxygen and nutrient use to best support placental angiogenesis and foetal development. Angiogenesis is the process by which blood vessels form and is essential for the delivery of nutrients to the body. This process is regulated by different factors, pro-angiogenic factors and anti-angiogenic factors, such as sFlt-1. Increased circulating sFlt-1 levels have been linked to different preeclamptic phenotypes. One of many effects of increased sFlt-1 levels, is the dysregulation of mitochondrial function. This review covers mitochondrial adaptations during placentation, the importance of the anti-angiogenic factor sFlt-1in placental dysfunction and its role in the dysregulation of mitochondrial function.
Sprachlicher Common Sense in gebrochenem Deutsch – Tomer Gardis Roman Broken German und seine besondere Eignung für den Fremdsprachenunterricht
Authors: Asgari Marjan 
Published: July 2021

Zusammenfassung
Interkulturelles Lernen vor dem Hintergrund deutsch-jüdischer Geschichte kann im DaF-Unterricht vor allem mithilfe moderner Literatur gelingen: Tomer Gardis 2016 erschienener Roman Broken German eignet sich dafür besonders gut, weil sich der Text vielschichtig mit der deutschen Vergangenheit und Gegenwart auseinandersetzt. Er stößt an zu Gesprächen über die Schoah, die jüdische Tradition und die deutsche Erinnerungskultur. Dass der Roman dabei selbst in „gebrochenem Deutsch“ geschrieben wurde, birgt spannende Möglichkeiten, um die metasprachliche Bewusstheit der Lernenden zu stärken und auf Common-Sense-Regeln der idiomatisch geprägten Sprache (Feilke 1993) zu verweisen.
Prior processing, foreign language classroom anxiety, and L2 fluency
Authors: Pérez Castillejo Susana 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This study examines the role of prior processing (understood as L2 use earlier in discourse) in moderating the contributions of foreign language classroom anxiety (FLCA) and proficiency to L2 utterance fluency. Two groups with comparable FLCA and proficiency scores performed the same narrative task. One group completed it in the absence of any other L2 task, and one group completed it immediately after responding to a similar but not identical prompt. The participants’ speech was analyzed using breakdown, speed, and repair fluency measures. Results showed that prior processing can reduce FLCA’s interference during L2 production. Unexpectedly, prior processing did not produce significant fluency gains associated with lexical retrieval and syntactic encoding. Instead, the patterns of variation revealed that more attention was paid to message conceptualization. This finding implies that prior processing can moderate FLCA’s role in L2 production because it alters the way attentional resources are allocated in subsequent performance.
Möglichkeiten zur Steuerung der Ergebnisse einer Forschungsevaluation
Authors: Reichmann Gerhard , Schlögl Christian 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungEin Leistungsvergleich zwischen den (ehemaligen) Instituten für Informationswissenschaft der Universitäten Düsseldorf und Graz auf Basis der Forschungsleistung für einen Zeitraum von zehn Jahren zeigt, wie sehr die Ergebnisse einer Forschungsevaluation gesteuert werden können. Durch die Wahl „geeigneter“ Indikatoren gelingt es – je nach Wunsch – entweder das eine oder das andere Institut an die erste Stelle zu bringen. Hält man sich dagegen an das wissenschaftliche Gebot der Unparteilichkeit, führt dies im hier gezeigten Anwendungsbeispiel zu gemischten Ergebnissen.
#EveryNameCounts – Die Crowdsourcing-Initiative der Arolsen Archives
Authors: Bräu Ramona , Hofmann Kerstin , Nilson Sonja , Zwilling-Seidenstücker Christa 
Published: July 2021

Zusammenfassung
Das Crowdsourcing-Projekt #EveryNameCounts der Arolsen Archives begann 2020 als Schulkampagne und wuchs binnen weniger Monate zu einer weltweiten Initiative. Durch die Arbeit der Freiwilligen werden Millionen von Datensätzen zu Konzentrationslagerdokumenten erfasst. Diese Datengrundlage optimiert einerseits die Suche im Online-Archiv der Arolsen Archives und macht anderseits eine auf Massendaten gestützte Forschung erst möglich. Die Arbeit der Freiwilligen geht dabei über reine Datenerhebung weit hinaus. Es entsteht ein digitales Denkmal.
A new application of mTOR inhibitor drugs as potential therapeutic agents for COVID-19
Authors: Mashayekhi-Sardoo Habibeh , Hosseinjani Hesamoddin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Since December 2019, the COVID-19 emerging pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in one of the most important global health threats. Concerning the absence of an approved effective vaccine or drug for the treatment and outcome improvement of COVID-19 patients, and the role of SARS-CoV-2 in activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, we decided to review the previous data regarding the therapeutic effect of mTOR inhibitor drugs in COVID-19 patients. We searched the scientific databases such as Web of Science, Embase, Medline (PubMed), Scopus, and Google Scholar using appropriate keywords to find suitable studies or suggestions until October 2020. The findings of the current study confirmed that mTOR inhibitor drugs through suggested mechanisms such as T cell adjustment, induction of autophagy without apoptosis, reduction of viral replication, restoration of the T-cell function, decrease cytokine storm, and moderation of the mTOR–PI3K–AKT pathway activation bring about a therapeutic impact in COVID-19 patients. Taken together, it is necessary to find a suitable therapy for the COVID-19 pandemic emerging. In this regard, we clarify that it is valuable to consider the therapeutic effect of mTOR inhibitor drugs and metformin by its mTOR inhibition property in the treatment of COVID-19 patients.
Ballistic performance of powder metal Al5Cu-B4C composite as monolithic and laminated armor
Authors: Ayvaz Mehmet , Cetinel Hakan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this study, ballistic performances of x wt.-% B4C (x = 5, 10, and 20) reinforced Al5Cu matrix composite samples were investigated as a monolithic and laminated composite armor component. Composite armor plates were produced by the powder metallurgy method. The prepared powders were pressed under 400 MPa pressing pressure. Green compacts were pre-sintered at 400 °C for 30 minutes in order to blow the lubricant. Subsequently, liquid phase sintering was performed at 610 °C for 210 minutes. In ballistic tests, 7.62 mm caliber armor-piercing bullets were used as the ballistic threat. In the ballistic tests of monolithic armors, only 10 mm thick powder metal composite plates were tested. In the ballistic tests of laminated composite armors, these powdered metal plates were layered with 10 mm thick alumina ceramic plate front layers and 10 mm thick AA5083 plates. Although all of the monolithic powder metal composite armors were penetrated, they showed multi-hit capability. All of the laminated composite armors provided full ballistic protection. It was determined that with the increase in B4C reinforcement rate, the ballistic resistance also increased due to the improvement in strength, hardness, and abrasive feature.