bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biological costs and benefits of social relationships for men and women in adulthood: The role of partner, family and friends
Authors: Rouxel Patrick , Chandola Tarani , Kumari Meena , Seeman Teresa , Benzeval Michaela 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDespite numerous studies on social relationships and health, the empirical focus has often been on middle‐aged or older adults, even though young adulthood is a period of considerable change in social networks. We investigated whether the associations between social relationships and allostatic load, a multisystem physiological dysregulation index that reflects chronic stress responses, vary by type of relationship and stages of the lifecourse. Relationships with spouse/partner, immediate family and friends were assessed in terms of emotional support and social strain. Poisson regression models on multiple imputed data sets from waves 2–3 (2010–2012) of the UK Household Longitudinal Study (N = 10,380) were estimated. Social strain, particularly from partners and immediate family, appeared to elicit greater stress related dysregulation during early adulthood (age 21–34 years), corresponding to a predicted difference in the allostatic load index (range 0–12) between high and low strained relationships of 1.1 (95% CI: 0.5–1.6) among young women and 0.6 (95% CI: −0.04 to 1.2) among young men. There was little evidence of an association between allostatic load and any of the social relationships among older men and women. Models of social relationships over the lifecourse need to take account of how stressful social relationships become biologically embedded in early adulthood.
‘A Clash of Titans’: Big Business and the Congo Reform Movement
Authors: Clay Dean 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe Congo Reform Association was the central focus of the Congo reform movement in Britain that sought to end Leopold II's hold on the Congo Free State. Through an examination of the personal correspondence and official publications of the Association and its members, this article examines the motivations of the business interests involved in the Association. First, it analyses the motivations of two of the key figures involved in the Association, E. D. Morel and John Holt, and emphasises that their reform activism was not informed by their apparent altruism. Second, it examines the clash between Holt and a pro‐Congo business adversary in Liverpool, Sir Alfred L. Jones, to highlight the influence of business interests in the reform movement. The question of the motivations of those who engage in humanitarian endeavours is one of many factors in the debates about the history of humanitarianism and human rights. This article attempts to answer this question using the Congo reform movement in Britain as a means through which to unpack these motivations, showing that humanitarian activism was informed by personal business interests as well as moral concerns.
Occupational Licensing and Accountant Quality: Evidence from the 150‐Hour Rule
Authors: BARRIOS JOHN M. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTI examine the effects of occupational licensing on the quality of certified public accountants (CPAs). I exploit the staggered adoption of the 150‐hour rule, which increases the educational requirements for a CPA license. The analysis shows that the rule decreases the number of entrants into the profession, reducing both low‐ and high‐quality candidates. Labor market proxies for quality find no difference between 150‐hour rule CPAs and the rest. Moreover, rule CPAs exit public accounting at similar rates and have comparable writing quality to their nonrule counterparts. Overall, these findings are consistent with the theoretical argument that increases in licensing requirements restrict the supply of entrants and do little to improve quality in the labor market.
Incorporating attitudes into the evaluation of preferences regarding agri‐environmental practices
Authors: Mariel Petr , Arata Linda 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMany stated preference studies have shown that individuals’ attitudes play an important role in explaining their behaviour and helping to disentangle preference heterogeneity. When responses to attitudinal questions are introduced into discrete choice models, a suitable approach that corrects for potential endogeneity must be adopted. We use a discrete choice experiment to analyse the preferences of residents regarding the use of agri‐environmental practices in the peri‐urban area of Milan (Italy). A detailed analysis of these preferences is relevant for policymakers as farmers on the peri‐urban fringe are often asked to provide environmental services to urban‐dwellers. We apply a latent class model that we extend to include indicators of individuals’ attitudes towards the relationship between agriculture and the environment. Besides the application of the control function approach to deal with endogeneity, our main contribution is the use of a refutability test to check the exogeneity of the instruments in the agri‐environmental setting. Our results show that attitudinal indicators help to disentangle the preference heterogeneity and that the respondents’ willingness‐to‐pay distribution differs according to the indicators’ values.
Staffing effectiveness across countries: An institutional perspective
Authors: Knappert Lena , Peretz Hilla , Aycan Zeynep , Budhwar Pawan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study draws on institutional theory to investigate why and how staffing effectiveness varies across countries. Utilising data from multiple sources (Cranfield Network on Comparative Human Resource Management [CRANET], Global Leadership and Organisational Behaviour Effectiveness [GLOBE], World Economic Forum [WEF], Transparency International, Tightness‐Looseness Index), it covers 2,918 organisations in 11 countries. Extending earlier research on comparative staffing that focuses on cultural or regulatory differences separately, our findings show that companies in different countries implement staffing practices in line with their normative (i.e., cultural), regulatory, and cognitive institutions. A second key finding shows that institutionally embedded staffing practices are associated with organisational turnover, thus challenging dominant universalist perspectives on staffing effectiveness. Finally, we shed light on a central yet understudied boundary condition of contextual perspectives on staffing by identifying the strength of institutional pressures (i.e., societal tightness‐looseness) as a moderator of the relationships between national institutions, staffing, and turnover.
Gastrophysical and chemical characterization of structural changes in cooked squid mantle
Authors: Schmidt Charlotte Vinther , Plankensteiner Lorenz , Clausen Mathias Porsmose , Walhter Anders Runge , Kirkensgaard Jacob Judas Kain , Olsen Karsten , Mouritsen Ole G. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSquid (Loligo forbesii and Loligo vulgaris) mantles were cooked by sous vide cooking using different temperatures (46°C, 55°C, 77°C) and times (30 s, 2 min, 15 min, 1 h, 5 h, 24 h), including samples of raw tissue. Macroscopic textural properties were characterized by texture analysis (TA) conducted with Meullenet‐Owens razor shear blade and compared to analysis results from differential scanning calorimetry. The collagen content of raw tissues of squid was quantified as amount of total hydroxyproline using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography. Structural changes were monitored by Raman spectroscopy and small‐angle X‐ray scattering and visualized by second harmonic generation microscopy. Collagen in the squid tissue was found to be highest in arms (4.3% of total protein), then fins (3.0%), and lowest in the mantle (1.5%), the content of the mantle being very low compared to that of other species of squid. Collagen was found to be the major protein responsible for cooking loss, whereas both collagen and actin were found to be key to mechanical textural changes. A significant decreased amount of cooking loss was obtained using a lower cooking temperature of 55°C compared to 77°C, without yielding significant textural changes in most TA parameters, except for TA hardness which was significantly less reduced. An optimized sous vide cooking time and temperature around 55–77°C and 0.5–5 h deserves further investigation, preferably coupled to sensory consumer evaluation.Practical ApplicationThe study provides knowledge about structural changes during sous vide cooking of squid mantle. The results may be translated into gastronomic use, promoting the use of an underutilized resource of delicious and nutritious protein (Loligo vulgaris and Loligo forbesii).
Applying text mining to identify relevant literature in food science: Cold denaturation as a case study
Authors: Helmick Harrison , Nanda Gaurav , Ettestad Sarah , Liceaga Andrea , Kokini Jozef L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn a research environment characterized by the five V's of big data, volume, velocity, variety, value, and veracity, the need to develop tools that quickly screen a large number of publications into relevant work is an increasing area of concern, and the data‐rich food industry is no exception. Here, a combination of latent Dirichlet allocation and food keyword searches were employed to analyze and filter a dataset of 6102 publications about cold denaturation. After using the Python toolkit generated in this work, the approach yielded 22 topics that provide background and insight on the direction of research in this field, as well as identified the publications in this dataset which are most pertinent to the food industry with precision and recall of 0.419 and 0.949, respectively. Precision is related to the relevance of a paper in the filtered dataset and the recall represents papers which were not identified in the screening method. Lastly, gaps in the literature based on keyword trends are identified to improve the knowledge base of cold denaturation as it relates to the food industry. This approach is generalizable to any similarly organized dataset, and the code is available upon request.Practical Application: A common problem in research is that when you are an expert in one field, learning about another field is difficult, because you may lack the vocabulary and background needed to read cutting edge literature from a new discipline. The Python toolkit developed in this research can be applied by any researcher that is new to a field to identify what the key literature is, what topics they should familiarize themselves with, and what the current trends are in the field. Using this structure, researchers can greatly speed up how they identify new areas to research and find new projects.
Efficiency and specificity ofCARD‐FISHprobes in detection of marine vibrios
Authors: Ogayar Elixabet , Larrañaga Irene , Lomba Ana , Kaberdin Vladimir R. , Arana Inés , Orruño Maite 
Published: October 2021

SummaryVibriois a bacterial genus widely distributed in natural aquatic systems. SomeVibriospecies can cause severe diseases in both marine organisms and humans. Previous studies revealed a link between the current climate change and increased incidence of theVibrio‐associated diseases recently causing sanitary, economic and/or ecological problems worldwide. The conventional culture‐based methods (e.g. selection on TCBS agar) used to monitor the presence ofVibriospp. in environmental samples are not always straightforward and can underestimate the number of cells, especially in microbial populations containing a fraction of ‘dormant’ cells (e.g. cells in the Viable but Non Culturable [VBNC] state). This problem can be overcome by using alternative culture‐free approaches such as Catalysed Reporter Deposition‐FluorescenceIn situHybridization (CARD‐FISH). To select an efficient CARD‐FISH probe for detection ofVibriospp. in environmental samples, we have assessed the most promising probes described in the literature by using both computer‐assisted and experimental approaches. Our results demonstrate that the use of the optimized protocol along with a very specific probe, ViB572a, can offer the high sensitivity and selectivity of CARD‐FISH detection of marine vibrios in natural seawater.
Identifying latent behavioural states in animal movement with M4, a nonparametric Bayesian method
Authors: Cullen Joshua A. , Poli Caroline L. , Fletcher Robert J. , Valle Denis 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Understanding animal movement often relies upon telemetry and biologging devices. These data are frequently used to estimate latent behavioural states to help understand why animals move across the landscape. While there are a variety of methods that make behavioural inferences from biotelemetry data, some features of these methods (e.g. analysis of a single data stream, use of parametric distributions) may limit their generality to reliably discriminate among behavioural states.

To address some of the limitations of existing behavioural state estimation models, we introduce a nonparametric Bayesian framework called the mixed‐membership method for movement (M4), which is available within the open‐source bayesmove R package. This framework can analyse multiple data streams (e.g. step length, turning angle, acceleration) without relying on parametric distributions, which may capture complex behaviours more successfully than current methods. We tested our Bayesian framework using simulated trajectories and compared model performance against two segmentation methods (behavioural change point analysis (BCPA) and segclust2d), one machine learning method [expectation‐maximization binary clustering (EMbC)] and one type of state‐space model [hidden Markov model (HMM)]. We also illustrated this Bayesian framework using movements of juvenile snail kites Rostrhamus sociabilis in Florida, USA.

The Bayesian framework estimated breakpoints more accurately than the other segmentation methods for tracks of different lengths. Likewise, the Bayesian framework provided more accurate estimates of behaviour than the other state estimation methods when simulations were generated from less frequently considered distributions (e.g. truncated normal, beta, uniform). Three behavioural states were estimated from snail kite movements, which were labelled as ‘encamped’, ‘area‐restricted search’ and ‘transit’. Changes in these behaviours over time were associated with known dispersal events from the nest site, as well as movements to and from possible breeding locations.

Our nonparametric Bayesian framework estimated behavioural states with comparable or superior accuracy compared to the other methods when step lengths and turning angles of simulations were generated from less frequently considered distributions. Since the most appropriate parametric distributions may not be obvious a priori, methods (such as M4) that are agnostic to the underlying distributions can provide powerful alternatives to address questions in movement ecology.
Pathogenicity and toxin production of different Fusarium oxysporum isolates infecting onion (Allium cepa L.)
Authors: Haapalainen Minna , Laitala Emilia , Rämö Sari , Latvala Satu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFusarium oxysporum forma specialis cepae strains are pathogens causing Fusarium basal rot of onion, which is a major problem in onion cultivation worldwide. In this work, the pathogenicity and toxin production of different F. oxysporum isolates, originating either from mature harvested onions or from onion sets, were studied. The F. oxysporum isolates belonging to the f. sp. cepae phylogenetic clade had the full set of seven secreted in xylem (SIX) genes and the gene C5, whereas all the other F. oxysporum isolates tested were negative for these virulence‐related genes. However, in the pathogenicity test on onion seedlings the separation between the f. sp. cepae isolates and the others was not clear‐cut. One of the f. sp. cepae isolates that had low in planta expression levels of SIX9 showed only mild virulence on the seedlings. A different F. oxysporum isolate, which did not have the known virulence‐related genes, was pathogenic on seedlings, although non‐pathogenic on mature bulbs. Thus, the two different pathogenicity assays frequently used, seedling survival test and onion bulb inoculation test, measure partially different features of the fungal isolates. Coinfection with pathogenic and non‐pathogenic isolates caused more severe disease in the mature onion bulbs than the pathogenic isolate alone. All the isolates tested for toxin production capacity on rice medium produced beauvericin and, in addition, the non‐pathogenic isolates produced moniliformin. Small amounts of beauvericin were detected in the infected onion bulbs. The amount of beauvericin did not show significant correlation with the fungal colonisation level or symptom severity.
Many chronological aging clocks can be found throughout the epigenome: Implications for quantifying biological aging
Authors: Porter Hunter L. , Brown Chase A. , Roopnarinesingh Xiavan , Giles Cory B. , Georgescu Constantin , Freeman Willard M. , Wren Jonathan D. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEpigenetic alterations are a hallmark of aging and age‐related diseases. Computational models using DNA methylation data can create “epigenetic clocks” which are proposed to reflect “biological” aging. Thus, it is important to understand the relationship between predictive clock sites and aging biology. To do this, we examined over 450,000 methylation sites from 9,699 samples. We found ~20% of the measured genomic cytosines can be used to make many different epigenetic clocks whose age prediction performance surpasses that of telomere length. Of these predictive sites, the average methylation change over a lifetime was small (~1.5%) and these sites were under‐represented in canonical regions of epigenetic regulation. There was only a weak association between “accelerated” epigenetic aging and disease. We also compare tissue‐specific and pan‐tissue clock performance. This is critical to applying clocks both to new sample sets in basic research, as well as understanding if clinically available tissues will be feasible samples to evaluate “epigenetic aging” in unavailable tissues (e.g., brain). Despite the reproducible and accurate age predictions from DNA methylation data, these findings suggest they may have limited utility as currently designed in understanding the molecular biology of aging and may not be suitable as surrogate endpoints in studies of anti‐aging interventions. Purpose‐built clocks for specific tissues age ranges or phenotypes may perform better for their specific purpose. However, if purpose‐built clocks are necessary for meaningful predictions, then the utility of clocks and their application in the field needs to be considered in that context.
Patient values and preferences in pulmonary embolism testing in the emergency department
Authors: Swarup Vidushi , Soomro Asfia , Abdulla Solen , de Wit Kerstin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionPatient‐centered care is concordant with patient values and preferences. There is a lack of research on patient values and preferences for pulmonary embolism (PE) testing in the emergency department (ED), and a poor physician understanding of patient‐specific goals. Our aim was to map patient‐specific values, preferences, and expectations regarding PE testing in the ED.MethodThis qualitative study used constructivist grounded theory to identify patient values and expectations around PE testing in the ED. We conducted semi‐structured interviews with ED patients who were being tested for PE in two EDs. Patients who were waiting for PE imaging or D‐dimer results were approached and consented to take part in a 30‐minute audio‐recorded interview. Each interview was transcribed verbatim and analyzed using constant comparative coding. The interview script was modified to maximize information on emerging themes. Major themes and subthemes were derived, each representing an opportunity, barrier, or value to address with patient‐centered PE testing.ResultsFrom 30 patient interviews, we mapped four major themes: patient satisfaction comes from addressing the patient's primary concern (for example, their pain); patients expect individualized care; patients prefer imaging over clinical examination for PE testing; and patients expect 100% confidence from their emergency physician when given a diagnosis. Subthemes included symptomatic relief, finding a diagnosis, receiving tests, rapid progression through their care, perception of highly accurate CT scans, willingness to seek a second opinion, direct physician communication, and expectation of case‐specific testing with cognitive reassurance.ConclusionAddressing each of these four themes by realigning ED processes could provide patient‐centered PE testing.
Is there any difference between pregnancy results after tubal reanastamosis performed laparotomically, laparoscopically, and robotically?
Authors: Elci Gülhan , Elci Erkan , Sayan Sena , Hanligil Erhan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionTubal reanastamosis offers hope to conceive again. However, there are many factors that affect the success of this procedure. In our study we aimed to compare the pregnancy rates of the surgical methods used for tubal reanastamosis in pregnancy requested after tubal sterilization.MethodsIn our study we compared the rates of pregnancies after reanastamosis retrospectively in female patients under the age of 40 who underwent reanastamosis between 2010 and 2019 with laparotomic, laparoscopic and robotic methods. A single layer of 4 quadrant 6/0 number polydioxanone absorbable sutures were used in all surgical methods. A similar surgical technique was used.ResultsIn surgical methods (laparotomy, laparoscopy, and robotics), there was a statistical difference between the three groups in terms of operation times of surgical methods used for tubal reanastamosis (p < 0.05). Laparotomy, laparoscopy, and robotics pregnancy rates were 52.6% (n = 41), 67.3% (n = 37), 61.2% (n = 63), respectively. There was no statistical difference between groups in terms of pregnancy rates. However, odds ratio (OR) values of the laparoscopy group and robotics group probability of conception were 1.536 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.813–2.898), 1.111 (95% CI, 0.656–1.879) higher, respectively.ConclusionsAlthough there is no statistical difference between the surgical methods used for tubal reanastamosis, we think that the laparoscopic surgical method may be preferable due to the shorter hospital stay. We think that the previous method of bilateral tubaligastion (BTL), the site of reanastasis, and the time between BTL and reanastomosis were effective in pregnancy success.