bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased heart rate functions as a signal of acute distress in non-communicating persons with intellectual disability
Authors: Kildal Emilie , Stadskleiv Kristine , Boysen Elin S. , Øderud Tone , Dahl Inger-Lise , Seeberg Trine M. , Guldal Svein , Strisland Frode , Morland Cecilie , Hassel Bjørnar 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntellectual disability (ID) affects approximately 1% of the population. Some patients with severe or profound ID are essentially non-communicating and therefore risk experiencing pain and distress without being able to notify their caregivers, which is a major health issue. This real-world proof of concept study aimed to see if heart rate (HR) monitoring could reveal whether non-communicating persons with ID experience acute pain or distress in their daily lives. We monitored HR in 14 non-communicating participants with ID in their daily environment to see if specific situations were associated with increased HR. We defined increased HR as being > 1 standard deviation above the daily mean and lasting > 5 s. In 11 out of 14 participants, increased HR indicated pain or distress in situations that were not previously suspected to be stressful, e.g. passive stretching of spastic limbs or being transported in patient lifts. Increased HR suggesting joy was detected in three participants (during car rides, movies). In some situations that were previously suspected to be stressful, absence of HR increase suggested absence of pain or distress. We conclude that HR monitoring may identify acute pain and distress in non-communicating persons with ID, allowing for improved health care for this patient group.
Anomalous spin Hall and inverse spin Hall effects in magnetic systems
Authors: Wang X. R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSpin current is a very important tensor quantity in spintronics. However, the well-known spin-Hall effect (SHE) can only generate a few of its components whose propagating and polarization directions are perpendicular with each other and to an applied charge current. It is highly desirable in applications to generate spin currents whose polarization can be in any possible direction. Here anomalous SHE and inverse spin-Hall effect (ISHE) in magnetic systems are predicted. Spin currents, whose polarisation and propagation are collinear or orthogonal with each other and along or perpendicular to the charge current, can be generated, depending on whether the applied charge current is along or perpendicular to the order parameter. In anomalous ISHEs, charge currents proportional to the order parameter can be along or perpendicular to the propagating or polarization directions of the spin current.
Ionization waves in nanosecond pulsed atmospheric pressure plasma jets in argon
Authors: Huang Bangdou , Zhang Cheng , Zhu Wenchao , Lu Xinpei , Shao Tao 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTypical ionization waves (IWs) are observed during the propagation of nanosecond pulsed atmospheric pressure plasma jets (APPJs) with argon flow, combining both the measurement of the axial electric field (Ez) and the temporal resolved optical imaging. The movement of the luminous APPJ head is recognized as the development of the IW front, accompanied with the propagation of the peak electric field. Especially, the radial distribution of Ez transits from a central peak profile before the IW front arrives to a hollow profile after the pass of the IW front. As for the temporal Ez trend, there is a mode transition from the single‐peak feature under a low peak voltage to the double‐peak feature under a higher peak voltage, indicating the existence of both primary and secondary IWs. The effect of target conditions on the IWs in APPJs is also explored. With a metal target, no residual electric field is observed before imposing the high‐voltage pulses. However, with a dielectric target, the residual surface charges generate a background electric field in the opposite direction to that during IW propagation. In the free APPJ (with no target), on the voltage falling edge, a negative electric field drives the electron flow to compensate the positive ions left over during the forward IW propagation on the voltage rising edge.
Bat optimization algorithm for wrapper‐based feature selection and performance improvement of android malware detection
Authors: P Ravi Kiran Varma , Mallidi S Kumar Reddy , K Santosh Jhansi , D Pushpa Latha 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAndroid malware is a serious threat to the mobile users and their data. The losses incurred are unimaginable, which stretch to the extent of identity theft, financial loss, sensitive information loss, espionage, sabotage, cyber fraud, to mention a few. Android application's permission attributes can be analysed for malware detection using machine learning. However, the high‐dimensional permission attributes are the bottleneck in designing optimized malware detection system. Identification of useful permission attributes is an NP‐hard problem. Bat Optimization Algorithm for Wrapper‐based Feature Selection (BOAWFS) is proposed in this article and evaluated on the CICInvesAndMal2019 benchmark dataset. The performance of BOAWFS is also compared with that of Cuckoo Search Optimization for Wrapper‐based Feature Selection (CSOWFS) and Grey Wolf Optimization for Wrapper‐based Feature Selection (GWOWFS). Five classifiers, Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machines (SVMs), K‐Nearest Neighbour (KNN), Decision Tree (DT), and Nearest Centroid (NC) are compared for wrapper feature selection. BOAWFS outperformed consistently with all the five classifiers. With 200 agents and 100 iterations, the BOAWFS‐DT outperformed with 93.73% accuracy after reducing the features to 518 from 4115. The considerable contribution of BOAWFS is that a 1.67% improvement in accuracy with 87.41% redundancy removal in features is achieved for the very high‐dimensional permission‐based android malware dataset.
MILP‐based customer‐oriented E‐Fleet charging scheduling platform
Authors: Akaber Parisa , Hughes Timothy , Sobolev Sergey 
Published: March 2021

AbstractConventional road transport is a significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution. Electric mobile assets (E‐buses, E‐trucks, E‐taxis, and even E‐ferries) are an efficient, low noise, low emission alternative which could—if operated alongside significant renewable energy capacity—help to improve air quality and avoid catastrophic global warming. In this study, a Mixed Integer Linear Programming‐based solution for operating a fleet of E‐mobile assets has been proposed, considering technical and operational characteristics of different fleet elements. It takes into account customer (E‐fleet operator) objectives, such as load balancing and charging cost minimization. Furthermore, the E‐depot charging capacity increase achieved through integrating an energy storage system has been studied and discussed. The results of the optimization have been discussed and reported using a case study (demonstrating peak reduction of up to 50% and total charging reduction of 27%) and the benefits of operating an E‐fleet using the proposed solution have been discussed from economic and technical perspectives.
Treatment of Ipsilateral Breast Cancer Recurrence (IBCR) after Breast Conservation Therapy (BCT)
Authors: Gerber Bernd , Hartmann Steffi , Stachs Angrit 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn-breast recurrence or ipsilateral breast cancer recurrence (IBCR) suspected by imaging or palpation, second primary carcinoma and any distant metastases should be ruled out by core biopsy prior to breast surgery. The surgical standard in IBCR management is salvage mastectomy. Increasingly, however, patients express a justified desire for breast conservation in IBCR. In favourable relations of tumour and breast size, long interval between primary disease and IBCR recurrence, favourable tumour biology and ruled out distant metastases, re-BCT may be an option. As patients usually have undergone adjuvant radiotherapy already, re-radiotherapy (brachytherapy/percutaneous RT) should be explored. Systemic management must be based on tumour biology and prior treatment. While the risk of local recurrence increases following re-BCT, overall survival is not compromised.
Data Transfer from Clinic to Clinic – Queensland Perspective
Authors: Westacott Genevieve , Vallmurr Kirsten , Schütz Michael 
Published: March 2021

AbstractData transfer has been forced to evolve as digital technologies are implemented throughout various aspects of the healthcare system. Despite the uniqueness of both the geography and the population of Queensland, information exchange and data communication has continued to follow this evolutionary trend. There have been a number of different health reforms designed to integrate digital innovations and allow critical data and information to be shared with the appropriate health professionals when necessary. Strict healthcare legislation has been navigated and to provide newly upgraded technologies and processes while maintaining privacy, confidentiality and security standards. A large portion of the digital revolution has been the implementation of the national run project, the My Health Record and the state run project, the Integrated Electronic Medical Record. Both are platforms that allow secure information exchange allowing patients to have improved quality of care. To
maintain the steady progress, both the state and federal governments have developed strategies and visions to help provide guidance and direct for ongoing and future digital projects. They also outline areas that require further advancements to ensure Queensland is delivering equitable, high quality healthcare.
Mikrochirurgische Therapieoptionen beim Lymphödem
Authors: Tinhofer Ines E. , Steinbacher Johannes , Tzou Chieh-Han J. 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungDas Lymphödem ist eine multifaktorielle Erkrankung, die durch Ödem, interstitielle Fibrose und, im späteren Verlauf, durch Fettgewebsablagerungen charakterisiert ist. Das klinische Erscheinungsbild variiert je nach Stadium und geht mit unterschiedlich großen physischen, psychologischen und sozioökonomischen Einschränkungen einher.Ein Lymphödem kann sowohl primär aufgrund genetisch bedingter abnormer Entwicklungsabläufe auftreten als auch sekundär als Folge von Trauma, Bestrahlung oder Infektion. Die Unterscheidung in primäres und sekundäres Lymphödem gibt dabei neben der Ursache auch Rückschlüsse über die zu erwartenden Erfolgsaussichten einer mikrochirurgischen Intervention.In der plastischen und rekonstruktiven Chirurgie kann durch zweierlei Verfahren eine Verbesserung des Krankheitsbildes erzielt werden. Einerseits durch ablative Verfahren, wie beispielsweise die Liposuktion oder Resektion von überschüssigem Gewebe, und andererseits durch physiologische, mikro- und supermikrochirurgische Techniken zur Wiederherstellung des Lymphabtransportes, wie beispielsweise die vaskularisierte Lymphknotentransplantation („vascularized lymph node transfer“, VLNT) und die Anlage lymphovenöser Anastomosen (LVA).
Evaluation of the Efficacy of Ultrasound in Detecting Correct Placement of Central Venous Catheter and Determining the Elimination of the Need for Chest Radiography
Authors: Panda Suvendu , Baby S.K. Rojalin , Thosani Rajesh 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background and Aims Ultrasound guidance of central venous catheter (CVC) insertion improves the safety and efficacy of its placement, but still it may not ensure correct placement of catheter tip. In our study, we aimed to identify the correct placement of CVC tip and to detect mechanical complications, by visualizing it in real time with the help of sonography and comparing this to the chest X-ray findings.
Patients and Methods This was a cross-sectional observational study conducted on 80 patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 1 and 2, in the age group of 18 to 65 years, who required central venous catheterization in intensive care unit. The CVC tip placement was identified with ultrasound and then the finding was compared with postinsertion chest X-ray.
Results In only 9 out of the 80 patients (11.3%) malposition was detected on ultrasound and was corrected immediately, whereas in remaining 71 patients (88.8%) no intervention was required. It was observed that all the patients had correct position of CVC tip on postprocedural chest X-ray. Accidental arterial cannulation occurred in two (2.5%) patients in whom right internal jugular vein was cannulated and in two (2.5%) patients who had arrhythmia.
Conclusion Ultrasonography (USG) examination can be used as a diagnostic tool method for confirmation of CVC tip and identification of cannulation-related complications. Thus, we can say that USG might obviate the need for post-CVC insertion chest X-ray.
Analgesia and Sedation in Critically Ill Adult Patients Admitted to a COVID-19 Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Jayaram Raja 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), causing the COVID-19 has spread globally, prompting world health organization (WHO) to declare COVID-19 a pandemic. As of January 2, 2021, about 82,579,768 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases had been reported to the WHO with 1,818,849 deaths (https://covid19.who.int). The pandemic has severely impacted health care systems around the world, resulting in a vast number of surgical procedures being cancelled or postponed and an unprecedented burden on intensive care units (ICU). A critical component of the perioperative or ICU services delivery is the provision of analgesia and sedation. Volatile inhalational anesthetics combined with opioids are widely used in an operating room, whereas in ICUs, intravenous drugs are used for this purpose. Although target-controlled infusions are not routinely used in ICUs, in the context of the thematic series on total intravenous anesthesia during COVID-19 pandemic, this article will focus on key aspects of intravenous sedation and analgesia in the management of critically ill patients admitted to an ICU following positive swab test for SARS-CoV-2 RNA.
Co-designing an Early Menopause Digital Resource: Model for Interdisciplinary Knowledge Translation
Authors: Yeganeh Ladan , Johnston-Ataata Kate , Vincent Amanda J. , Flore Jacinthe , Kokanović Renata , Teede Helena , Boyle Jacqueline A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEarly menopause/premature ovarian insufficiency is associated with negative health impacts, unmet information needs, delayed diagnosis, and variation in management. Co-designed digital resources for women with early menopause/premature ovarian insufficiency and health practitioners were developed to address information needs and support management. A five-phase mixed methods multidisciplinary research, co-design and translation process comprised: (1) survey/interviews with women and health practitioners to explore early menopause/premature ovarian insufficiency needs, experiences, and management; (2) appraisal of clinical guidelines to develop management algorithms; (3) digital resource development (https://healthtalkaustralia.org/early-menopause-experiences-and-perspectives-of-women-and-health-professionals/; (4) evaluation; and (5) dissemination/implementation. The digital resources included audio/video clips of women with early menopause/premature ovarian insufficiency and health practitioners providing early menopause/premature ovarian insufficiency care, a question prompt list, health practitioner algorithms, information links, and a list of services for women, achieving high satisfaction ratings from women and health practitioners. Engaging our stakeholder partners, multimodal dissemination has included community and conference presentations, social media, lay and professional publications, and webinars. This project provides a model for successful interdisciplinary co-design research translation to improve women's health.
Experimental study of coolant flow mixing processes in a pressure chamber model of nuclear reactor
Authors: Dmitriev S M , Khrobostov A E , Ryazanov A V , Dobrov A A , Doronkov D V , Legchanov M A , Pronin A N , Rubtsova E V , Solntsev D N 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The paper presents results of experimental research, the purpose of which was to simulate the phenomenon of mixing of loop coolant flows inside the model of the pressure chamber of the water-cooled reactor. The study was conducted at the high-pressure aerodynamic test bench of NNSTU n.a. R.E. Alekseev. The scale model consisted of elements characteristic of water-cooled nuclear reactors (lowering annular channel, lower pressure chamber). Experimental studies were carried out in the range of Reynolds numbers from 20,000 to 50,000. The axial velocity field was studied at the entrance to the reactor core simulator, using a pneumometric research probe. The temperature field was simulated using the impurity diffusion method by introducing a contrast tracer into one of the loops of the model. Propane was used as a passive tracer. Tracer concentration at the inlet core simulator allowed to evaluate the degree of flow mixing and thereby studied the direction of coolant flow. As a result of the studies, the spatial distribution of the tracer concentration in the coolant flow in the lower annular channel, as well as in the lower pressure chamber, was determined. It was shown that in the lower pressure chamber, an axial central vortex influences the mixing intensity. The estimation of the parameters of mixing of the passive tracer in the model of reactor pressure was given.
Argon radiation behind of shock wave front
Authors: Kozlov P V , Levashov V Yu , Zabelinsky I E , Bikova N G 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this article, the results of an experimental study of non-equilibrium radiation of pure argon are presented. These results were obtained at the Institute of Mechanics of Lomonosow Moscow State University Shock Tube experimental complex. The main attention is focused to the study of the initial phase of radiation take place before the sharp increase electron concentration. The electron number density was determined with using of Stark broadening of Hα hydrogen line method. The panoramic spectra and individual radiation line evolution are presented. It is noted that radiation evolution at the initial stage depends strongly from radiation wavelength.
The effect velocity and direction of swirling air flow on the formation spray downstream of pressure swirl nozzle
Authors: Sviridenkov A A , Sokolova E I 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
One of the methods for generation a finely dispersed spray for pilot nozzles, used in modern aircraft engines widely, is co-rotating or counter-rotating directed relative to the direction of movement of the fuel film, air flow swirl. Therefore, it is interesting to investigate the shape of the liquid film and its disintegration at low fuel consumption. In the present work, the influence of the speed and direction of the air flow on the main characteristics determining the dispersion and shape of the spray pattern downstream the pressure swirl nozzle was investigated. The mathematical model of the film motion in a curvilinear coordinate system associated with the film surface to obtain the basic characteristics of the spray was used. The main attention was paid to the spraying characteristics in the initial phase of the formation of the spray at the calculations carried out according to this model. Calculations showed that the swirling air flow helps to open the entire cone spray angle, however, the initial angle of the spray is smaller than in the absence of air flow near the nozzle with opposite swirling,. The work also showed that swirling air flow reduces the thickness of the fuel film in the immediate vicinity of the nozzle almost the same, regardless of the direction of its rotation. The effect of the swirling air flow on the average sizes of atomized fuel droplets based on the calculation of the thickness of the fuel film, its speed and the cone angle of the spray data were obtained. The results are compared with the available experimental date.
Models with phase slip in the hydrodynamics of granular media
Authors: Tairov E A , Khan P V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Two-phase flows in granular media are widely used in the chemical and energy industries as they provide a high intensity of transfer processes. One of the key characteristics of such flows is the relationship between the pressure drop cross the granular layer and the mass velocity of the two-phase mixture. To date, no single approach has been developed to calculate the characteristics of such flows. In this paper, we compare three models constructed given the difference in the velocities of the liquid and vapor phases. All models are used to solve both the direct problem of calculating the pressure drop for a given mass velocity and the inverse problem of calculating the mass velocity for a known pressure drop. The accuracy of the models was compared using two sets of experimental data with a combined pressure variation range of 0.6–15 MPa, a flow quality of 0.002–0.3, a mass velocity of 120 – 1100 kg/m2s, ball particle diameters of 2–4 mm, and a packed bed height of 50-355 mm. The calculation with the new gas-dynamic model demonstrated the best result in the entire range of experimental data.
Analytical study of temperature field during microwave drying of the material
Authors: Boshkova I L , Volgusheva N V , Boshkov L Z 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Mathematical models of heating wet materials in a microwave field are analyzed. A thermal conductivity model is presented that considers two internal sources of heat, positive and negative. A negative heat source considers moisture output during drying of the material. A formula is obtained for calculating the temperature of a semi-bounded body under the action of internal heat sources for boundary conditions of the first kind. The results of calculations of the temperature of water and a dense layer of wheat grain are presented, depending on the duration of the microwave field and the specific power for the heating period. It is shown that in order to obtain reliable results, it is necessary to correctly set the efficiency of the microwave chamber. The results of calculations of moisture content and temperature of a layer of wheat grain for a period of constant drying speed are presented.
Finely dispersed silicon carbide synthesis model in the electrothermal reactor with periodic batch loading
Authors: Kuzevanov V S , Zakozhurnikov S S , Zakozhurnikova G S , Garyaev A B 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Fine silicon carbide is used in metallurgy, electronic devices and the aviation industry. Reactors where the synthesis of finely dispersed carbides is organized in an electrothermal fluidized bed (ETKS reactors) have several advantages over resistance furnaces used for mass production of carbides. The basic advantage is the direct production of a finely dispersed fraction of carbide-containing particles with lower specific costs of electric energy. In this article, there were studied non-stationary processes in an ETKS reactor operating in the mode of periodic loading into the reaction volume of components of chemical reactions for the synthesis of silicon carbide: finely dispersed carbon-containing particles and SiO2 particles (batch). A mathematical model of synthesis for non-stationary conditions is developed. Relations are obtained for calculating changes in the process of silicon carbide synthesis not only of the sizes of solid (liquid) particles participating in chemical reactions, but also of the concentrations of volatile components that affect the rates of these reactions in the working volume of the ETKS reactor. There were carried out calculations to identify the influence of determining factors on the yield of the final product and the analysis of these results. A comparison of the calculation results with the available experimental data on the yield of silicon carbide in an ETKS reactor with a periodic charge loading was presented.