bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulating landslide-induced tsunamis in the Yangtze River at the Three Gorges in China
Authors: Wang Jinge , Wang Shun , Su Aijun , Xiang Wei , Xiong Chengren , Blum Philipp 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLandslide-induced tsunamis may cause fatalities, damages and financial losses. In the Three Gorges Reservoir Area of China, several large landslides are still unstable and persistently creeping toward the Yangtze River. In this paper, we investigate the impacts of landslide-induced tsunamis in the Three Gorges Reservoir by using a hybrid numerical approach. One of the largest unstable mass in this area, the Huangtupo landslide, is chosen as the study object. First, the landslide deformation and initiating velocities are obtained by using the finite-discrete element method. The landslide-induced tsunamis and their impacts on shipping on the Yangtze River are then investigated through smooth particle hydrodynamics modelling. Our results reveal that an approximately 80% reduction in shear strength of the tip in the landslide will lead to catastrophic failure of the landslide, with sliding velocities of up to 8 m/s. Subsequently, such a collapse may initiate a river tsunami, propagating up to 9 m on the nearby reservoir banks within 3 km. The impacts on surrounding floating objects, such as surges and sways, heaves and rolls, are up to 110 m, 8 m and 6°, respectively. The simulations indicate that although the likelihood of a catastrophic failure of the whole landslide is low, the partial sliding still poses severe threat to the nearby reservoir banks and shipping on the Yangtze River. Thus, we recommend continuous monitoring as well as landslide early warning systems at this and also other hazardous sites in this area.
Malnutrition and Alcohol in Patients Presenting with Severe Complications of Cirrhosis After Laparoscopic Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Mendoza Yuly P. , Becchetti Chiara , Wan Tao , Nett Philipp , Rodrigues Susana G. , Dufour Jean-François , Berzigotti Annalisa 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFactors and outcomes associated with decompensation of liver disease and liver failure in obese patients who underwent modern bariatric surgery are unclear. We present here a cohort of seventeen consecutive patients referred because of decompensation of liver disease following laparoscopic bariatric surgery. All patients showed signs of malnutrition (sarcopenia in 76.5%). In ten (58.8%), decompensation was associated with alcohol ingestion, which started after bariatric surgery in six patients. One patient died and three patients required liver transplantation, in one case preceded by transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS). However, thirteen patients achieved stabilization or full re-compensation with medical therapy and nutritional support. Our cases underline the risk of alcohol intake and malnutrition after laparoscopic bariatric surgery as causes of severe liver decompensation and underline the need for careful interdisciplinary care of these patients after surgery to early identify and treat alcohol misuse, malnutrition, and liver disease.
Markers of humoral and cell-mediated immune response in primary autoimmune hypophysitis: a pilot study
Authors: Chiloiro Sabrina , Giampietro Antonella , Angelini Flavia , Arena Vincenzo , Stigliano Egidio , Tartaglione Tommaso , Mattogno Pier Paolo , D’Alessandris Quintino Giorgio , Lauretti Liverana , Pontecorvi Alfredo , De Marinis Laura , Bianchi Antonio 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Primary autoimmune hypophysitis (PAHs) is a rare inflammatory disease of the pituitary gland. Although largely investigated, the pathogenesis of PAH is not completely clarified. We aimed to investigate the immune response in PAHs.

Material and methods
Serum anti-pituitary and anti-hypothalamus antibodies (respectively APAs and AHAs) were investigated though an indirect immunofluorescence on monkey hypophysis and hypothalamus slides, serum cytokines though an array membrane and cell-mediated immunity though the white blood cells count.

Results
Nineteen PAH cases entered the study. APA or AHA were identified in all cases. APA were detected in 13 patients (68.4%) and AHA in 13 patients (68.4%). Ten patients (52.6%) were simultaneously positive for both APA and AHA. The prevalence of APAs and AHAs was higher as compared to those observed in 50 health controls (respectively 14% p < 0.001 and 24% p = 0.004) and in 100 not-secreting pituitary adenoma (NFPAs) (respectively 22% p = 0.002 and 8% p < 0.001). Similarly, the prevalence of simultaneous positivity for APA and AHA (52.9%) was higher as compared to the those detected in patients affected by NFPAs (0%; p < 0.001) and in health controls (16% p = 0.002). No differences were identified between PAHs and controls at qualitative and quantitative analysis of serum cytokines and white blood cells count.

Conclusions
This study suggest that APA and AHA may be detected in an high percentage of PAH cases and that their simultaneous identification may be useful for the differential diagnosis between PAH and NFPAs, in an appropriate clinical context.
Investigation on the biodegradation levels of super heavy oils by parameter-striping method and refined Manco scale: a case study from the Chepaizi Uplift of Junggar Basin
Authors: Chang Xiang-Chun , Shi Bing-Bing , Liu Zhong-Quan , Wang Yue , Xu You-De 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe Carboniferous volcanic reservoir in the Chepaizi Uplift became an exploration hot target in recent years for its substantial amount of oils discovered. However, most of the Carboniferous heavy oils were biodegraded to PM7 or higher with orders of magnitude variation in oil viscosities. Two oil groups (I and II) exactly corresponding to the western and eastern Chepaizi Uplift were distinguished according to their source diagnose. Furthermore, three oil families (II1, II2 and II3), with the biodegradation level of PM7, PM8–8+, PM9+, respectively, were classified based on molecular compositions and parameter-stripping method of strongly bioresistant parameters. Allowing for this extremely high biodegradation case, more biodegradation refractory compound class were added to establish a refined Manco scale to quantitatively evaluate the biodegradation extent. Refined Manco number (RMN2) positively correlated with the oil density, NSO contents, and absolute concentrations of diasteranes and gammacerane, negatively correlated with the absolute concentrations of diahopane, summed tricyclic terpanes and pentacyclic terpanes. This refined scale showed higher resolution than the PM one to differentiate the biodegradation extent of Carboniferous heavy oils from the Chepaizi Uplift, especially those with same PM values but different oil viscosities.
Sleep’s Role in Schema Learning and Creative Insights
Authors: Durrant Simon J. , Johnson Jennifer M. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose of Review
A recent resurgence of interest in schema theory has influenced research on sleep-dependent memory consolidation and led to a new understanding of how schemata might be activated during sleep and play a role in the reorganisation of memories. This review is aimed at synthesising recent findings into a coherent narrative and draw overall conclusions.

Recent Findings
Rapid consolidation of schematic memories has been shown to benefit from an interval containing sleep. These memories have shown reduced reliance on the hippocampus following consolidation in both humans and rodents. Using a variety of methodologies, notably including the DRM paradigm, it has been shown that activation of a schema can increase the rate of false memory as a result of activation of semantic associates during slow wave sleep (SWS). Memories making use of a schema have shown increased activity in the medial prefrontal cortex, which may reflect both the schematic activation itself and a cognitive control component selecting an appropriate schema to use. SWS seems to be involved in assimilation of new memories within existing semantic frameworks and in making memories more explicit, while REM sleep may be more associated with creating entirely novel associations while keeping memories implicit.

Summary
Sleep plays an important role in schematic memory consolidation, with more rapid consolidation, reduced hippocampal involvement, and increased prefrontal involvement as the key characteristics. Both SWS and REM sleep may have a role to play.
Analysis of the Screw Flight Wear Model and Wear Regularity of the Bulk Transport in Screw Ship Unloader
Authors: Yang Weijie , Meng Wenjun , Gao Lingchong , Tan Yuan , Fottner Johannes , Dai Xiaobing , Yao Fenglin , Yuan Yuan , Sun Xiaoxia 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe screw flight, spiral blade welded on the axial cylinder, is the core component of the screw ship unloader and can be seriously worn by the materials during long-term conveying. The damaged screw flight will make the screw ship unloader unable to unload materials or even lead to an accident. However, the existing wear model cannot be directly applied to predict the wear of the screw flight under different working conditions. Hence, we established a new screw flight wear model based on the Archard wear model and Continuous Medium Hypothesis to predict the service life of the screw flight. Three influencing factors, including speed, filling rate, and pitch, were selected to study the wear law of the screw flight, and the wear law was verified by EDEM simulation. Results indicate that the simulation results affected by the changes in various factors were consistent with the calculation model. With the increase of rotation speed and filling rate, the screw flight wear rate increased. Nevertheless, with the increase of pitch, the screw flight wear rate first increased and then decreased. The screw flight wear model can be used to calculate the wear rate under different working conditions for the screw flight life prediction.
Potential new reference materials for caloric measurements on PCM
Authors: Mehling Harald , Leys Jan , Glorieux Christ , Thoen Jan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCurrent applications of PCM focus on the temperature range from about − 40 °C to about + 80 °C, with the interest expanding up to about 400 °C for future applications in power plants and industry. Calorimetric measurements to determine the ability of PCM to store heat as a function of temperature are done with a variety of methods and instruments. Some of them have been developed only in the last decade, especially to allow characterization of larger samples, even encapsulated PCM with volume in the order of 100 ml and larger. Currently there are not enough reference materials for calibration and testing available to sufficiently cover the required temperature range, being suitable for the used variety of samples regarding size, as well as other requirements of the new methods and instruments. In this paper, we give an introduction, review, and recommendations for new reference materials for calibration and testing.
Shape control of hybrid functionally graded plate through smart application of piezoelectric material using simple plate theory
Authors: Bajoria K. M. , Patare S. A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe present study takes its inspiration from notable work in the literature related to the flexural analysis of functionally graded material (FGM) plate along with a smart application of piezoelectric material but maintains its novelty in terms of simple approach, an analytical solution with a wide scope of application. Coupling the plate element with piezoelectric smart material can control deflection, vibration thereby increasing the safety, stability, and life of these elements. Plates made up of functionally graded material further enhances the applicability as two different materials are fused. Analysis of such a system is challenging especially for a closed form mathematical solution along with complex boundary conditions. In the present study, it is proposed to develop a simple analytical model for bending analysis of FGM plate coupled with piezoelectric layers. Polynomial based shear deformation function taken from literature is applied to develop a simple mathematical model. A complete flexural analysis is performed for FGM plate to validate the governing simple mathematical model. Through the smart application of piezoelectric material, the deflection of the FGM plate is controlled in as closed loop feedback system. Analytical solution valid over the entire plate domain is obtained incorporating fixed and simple support types of boundary conditions. The initial part of the study details complete mathematical formulation for the plate under consideration, followed by numerical validation in which results of the present model are compared with notable studies in the literature. Lastly, the smart application through shape control of the FGM plate is demonstrated graphically and numerically. The development and application of the discussed mathematical model presented in this study are complete in all aspects of its mathematical form, solution, and numerical validation.
Numerical and perturbation solutions of cross flow of an Eyring-Powell fluid
Authors: Nazeer Mubbashar 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis communication presents a comparative analysis of two-dimensional cross flow of non-Newtonian fluid with heat and mass transfer is presented in this article. Eyring-Powell fluid is chosen as the main carrier of heat and nano species through a uniform horizontal channel. Effects of suction are also taken into account by placing porous walls. Main source of the flow is the motion of upper plate that moves with a constant velocity in axial direction. Two different nano flows have been formulated by neglecting and, as well as, applying constant pressure gradient, respectively. In addition to this, the analytical solution is validated with the numerical solution. Perturbation technique is employed to obtain a sustainable solution for the highly nonlinear and coupled differential equations. Further, Range-Kutta method with shooting technique is employed to get an approximate solution. It if inferred that both numerical and series solutions display a complete agreement.
Examining vehicular speed characteristics through divergences from prior distributions
Authors: Kosun Caglar 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA variety of approaches, within literature, has been conducted to interpret vehicular speed characteristics. This study turns the attention to the entropy-based approaches, and thus focuses on the maximum entropy method of statistical mechanics and the Kullback–Leibler (KL) divergence approach to examining the vehicular speeds. The vehicle speeds at the selected highway are analyzed in order to find out the disparities among them. However, it is turned out that the speed dynamics could not be distinguished over the speed distributions; hence the maximization of Shannon entropy seems insufficient to compare the speed distributions of each data set. For this reason, the KL divergence approach was performed. This approach displays the comparison, among the speed distributions, based on two prior distribution models, i.e., uniform and Gauss. The examination of the trends of KL divergences obtained from both distributions was made. It was concluded that the KL divergence values for the highway speed data sets ranged between about 0.53 and 0.70 for the uniform case, while for the Gaussian case the obtained values are between 0.16 and 0.33. The KL divergence trends for the real speeds were obtained analogous for both cases, but they differed significantly when the synthetic data sets were employed. As a result, the KL divergence approach proves suitable as an appropriate indicator to compare the speed distributions.
Static and dynamic characterization and response analysis of soils from northern India
Authors: Kundu Abhijit , Patra Nihar Ranjan , Bandyopadhyay Srijit , Reddy G. Rami 
Published: January 2021

AbstractExperimental investigations on soil samples collected from the sites of Baraut, Noida and Mandi in North India have been performed to study the static and cyclic behavior of soil. Liquefaction potential of the sites near Himalayan range is also carried out. The SPT and downhole seismic tests have been performed for the estimation of static and dynamic properties of soil. Strain-controlled cyclic triaxial tests are also carried out on soil samples collected from the borehole at various depths up to 30 m for the evaluation of dynamic soil properties. The study examined the effects of parameters such as cyclic shear strain, loading frequency and overburden pressure on the cyclic behavior of the soil. One- and two-dimensional dynamic response analysis has been performed on three sites. The initiation of initial liquefaction ranged from 202 to 752 cycles for the Baraut site, 212 to 722 cycles for the Noida site, and 121 to 617 cycles for the Mandi sites. The final design response spectra of the sites are obtained from 1D ground response analysis. The results from the response analysis have been compared with the reported results. The soils from the present study areas are prone to liquefaction at 10 m to 15 m from the ground surface.
FEMA P695 methodology for safety margin evaluation of steel moment resisting frames subjected to near-field and far-field records
Authors: Heshmati Mahdi , Khatami Alireza , Shakib Hamzeh 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study presents the impact of near-field and far-field earthquakes on the seismic design of Intermediate Moment Resisting Frame (IMRF) and Special Moment Resisting Frame (SMRF) structures through FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency) P695 methodology to highlight the importance of probabilistic collapse as well as seismic performance factors of these structures. The purpose of this study is to investigate the collapse performance of steel intermediate and special moment resisting frame systems as the most common structural systems in urban areas in order to assess the seismic performance factors used for the design using nonlinear static and dynamic analysis methods. In this regard, as the representatives of low-rise to high-rise buildings, archetypes with 5-, 10- and 15- story of intermediate and special moment resisting frames are designed and then the nonlinear models are developed in OpenSees software. Nonlinear static analyses are performed to assess the overstrength and ductility of these systems. The effects of near-field and far-field ground motions on these frames are investigated through incremental dynamic analysis. These analyses are performed with 22 far-field and 20 near-field ground motion records using FEMA P695 methodology. The results show that near-field earthquakes have serious impacts on the collapse probability of structures. The superiority of special moment resisting frame over intermediate moment resisting frame is quantified in terms of safety margin and median collapse capacity under both near-field and far-field earthquakes. Finally, the results indicate that the response modification factors introduced in seismic design code are acceptable for intermediate moment resisting frame and special moment resisting frame under far-field ground motions. However, in the near-field sites while SMRF system meets the requirements of FEMA P695 methodology, the IMRF system does not satisfy these criteria.
Layerwise learning for quantum neural networks
Authors: Skolik Andrea , McClean Jarrod R. , Mohseni Masoud , van der Smagt Patrick , Leib Martin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWith the increased focus on quantum circuit learning for near-term applications on quantum devices, in conjunction with unique challenges presented by cost function landscapes of parametrized quantum circuits, strategies for effective training are becoming increasingly important. In order to ameliorate some of these challenges, we investigate a layerwise learning strategy for parametrized quantum circuits. The circuit depth is incrementally grown during optimization, and only subsets of parameters are updated in each training step. We show that when considering sampling noise, this strategy can help avoid the problem of barren plateaus of the error surface due to the low depth of circuits, low number of parameters trained in one step, and larger magnitude of gradients compared to training the full circuit. These properties make our algorithm preferable for execution on noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices. We demonstrate our approach on an image-classification task on handwritten digits, and show that layerwise learning attains an 8% lower generalization error on average in comparison to standard learning schemes for training quantum circuits of the same size. Additionally, the percentage of runs that reach lower test errors is up to 40% larger compared to training the full circuit, which is susceptible to creeping onto a plateau during training.
Development of a clean hot water drill to access Subglacial Lake CECs, West Antarctica
Authors: Makinson Keith , Anker Paul G. D. , Garcés Jonathan , Goodger David J. , Polfrey Scott , Rix Julius , Silva Alejandro , Smith Andrew M. , Uribe José A. , Zamora Rodrigo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRecent drilling successes on Rutford Ice Stream in West Antarctica demonstrate the viability of hot water drilling subglacial access holes to depths >2000 m. Having techniques to access deep subglacial environments reliably paves the way for subglacial lake exploration beneath the thick central West Antarctic Ice Sheet. An ideal candidate lake, overlain by ~2650 m of ice, identified by Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs), Chile, has led to collaboration with British Antarctic Survey to access Subglacial Lake CECs (SLCECs). To conform with the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research code of conduct, which provides a guide to responsible scientific exploration and stewardship of these pristine systems, any access drilling must minimise all aspects of contamination and disturbance of the subglacial environment. To meet these challenges, along with thicker ice and 2000 m elevation, pumping and water treatment systems developed for the Subglacial Lake Ellsworth project, together with new diesel generators, additional water heating and longer drill hose, are currently being integrated with the BEAMISH hot water drill. A dedicated test season near SLCECs will commission the new clean hot water drill, with testing and validation of all clean operating procedures. A subsequent season will then access SLCECs cleanly.
Deference and Ideals of Practical Agency
Authors: Knutzen Jonathan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper develops a moderate pessimist account of moral deference. I argue that while some pessimist explanations of the puzzle of moral deference have been misguided in matters of detail, they nevertheless share an important insight, namely that there is a justified moral agency ideal grounded in pro tanto reasons against moral deference. This thought is unpacked in terms of a set of values associated with the practice of morality. I conclude by suggesting that the solution to the puzzle of moral deference developed here gives us a plausible recipe for generalizing to certain cases of nonmoral deference as well.
Performance of the BinaxNOW coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Antigen Card test relative to the severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) assay among symptomatic and asymptomatic healthcare employees
Authors: James Allison E. , Gulley Trent , Kothari Atul , Holder Kasey , Garner Kelley , Patil Naveen 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe sensitivity of the BinaxNOW coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Ag Card test (BinaxNOW) was 51.6% among asymptomatic healthcare employees relative to real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). The odds of a positive BinaxNOW test decreased as cycle threshold value increased. BinaxNOW could facilitate rapid detection and isolation of asymptomatically infected persons in some settings while rRT-PCR results are pending.