bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acidification recovery in a changing climate: Observations from thirty‐five years of stream chemistry monitoring in forested headwater catchments at the Turkey Lakes watershed, Ontario
Authors: Webster Kara L. , Leach Jason A. , Houle Daniel , Hazlett Paul W. , Emilson Erik J. S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLong‐term ecosystem studies are valuable for understanding integrated ecosystem response to global changes in atmospheric deposition and climate. We examined trends for a 35‐year period (1982/83–2017/18) in concentrations of a range of solutes in precipitation and stream water from nine headwater catchments spanning elevation and surficial geology gradients at the Turkey Lakes watershed (TLW) in northeastern Ontario, Canada. Average annual water year (WY, October to September) concentrations in precipitation significantly declined over the period for sulphate (SO42−), nitrate (NO3−) and chloride (Cl−), while calcium (Ca2+) and potassium (K+) concentrations increased, resulting in a significant pH increase from 4.2 to 5.7. Trends in stream chemistry through time are generally consistent with expectations associated with acidification recovery. Concentration of many stream water solutes (SO42−, Cl−, calcium [Ca2+], magnesium [Mg2+] and NH4+ generally decreased, while others (silica [SiO2] and dissolved organic carbon [DOC]) generally increased. Increases were also observed for alkalinity (six of nine catchments), acid neutralizing capacity ([ANC]; six of nine catchments) and pH (eight of nine catchments), while conductivity declined (six of nine catchments). Variability in trends among catchments are associated with differences in surficial geology and wetland cover. While absolute solute concentrations were generally lower at bedrock dominated high‐elevation catchments compared to till dominated lower elevation catchments, the rate of change of concentration was often greater for high elevation catchments. This study confirms continued, but non‐linear stream chemistry recovery from acidification, particularly at the less buffered high and moderate elevation sites. The heterogeneity of responses among catchments highlights our incomplete understanding of the relative importance of different mechanisms influencing stream chemistry and the consequences for downstream ecosystems.
Cramdown, reorganization bargaining and inefficient markets: The cases of the United States and China
Authors: Gao Simin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe cramdown rule (11 USC s 1,129(b)) originates from the U.S. 1978 Bankruptcy Code as an innovative mechanism. The cramdown provision is rarely used in judicial practice in the United States. However, it is a key rule to understand the parties' bargaining structure. The inactive cramdown provision yet has been widely transplanted into other jurisdictions, including China. Little literature exists to explore the economic rationale of cramdown provision mainly because of its inactiveness in practice. This research explores the economic function of the cramdown provision in an inefficient market, using the cases of United States and China. This research observes that the cramdown provisions can only effectively function with the essential conditions and elements, such as the Best Interests of the Creditors Test, good faith, feasibility, fairness and equitability as well as the absolute priority rule. Therefore, the partial transplantation of the cramdown provision might not be effective.
Dual trajectories of parenting self‐efficacy and depressive symptoms in new, postpartum mothers and socioemotional adjustment in early childhood: A growth mixture model
Authors: Barboza Gia Elise , Schiamberg Lawrence 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPostpartum depression and low parental self‐efficacy (PSE) are risk factors for poor child behavior. Little is known, however, about the course of dual trajectories of cooccurring depressive symptoms and PSE or its impact on children's socioemotional development. This study sought to identify trajectories of postpartum PSE and depressive symptoms in new, first‐time mothers using growth mixture modeling. Results demonstrated a class of women with “low risk” (88.8%) who manifested low levels of depression and high levels of PSE during the postpartum period; a second group of women, labeled “early risk” (6.3%) with high levels of depression that decreased over time but lower levels of PSE that remained fairly stable; and a final trajectory group deemed the “late‐risk” class (4.9%) with initially low levels of depression and high levels of PSE that significantly increased and decreased, respectively, over the period. Early childhood trauma, parenting stress, and poor parenting practices were associated membership in a high‐risk class. Mothers in the high‐risk groups reported children with more aggressive and defiant behavior at age 3. We conclude by discussing the implications of our findings for developing effective and sensitive interventions.
Dual drug release mechanisms through mesoporous silica nanoparticle/electrospun nanofiber for enhanced anticancer efficiency of curcumin
Authors: Xu Liguo , Li Wei , Sadeghi‐Soureh Shima , Amirsaadat Soumaye , Pourpirali Raheleh , Alijani Sepideh 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTElectrospun nanofibers (NFs)‐based drug delivery approaches are of particular interest as a hopeful implantable nanoplatform for localized cancer therapy and treating tissue defect after resection, allowing the on‐site drug delivery with minimal side effect to healthy cells. To maintain therapeutic concentrations of anticancer molecules for a relatively long time through a combination of burst and sustained drug release mechanisms, a hybrid of polycaprolactone and gelatin (PCL/GEL) was used for co‐encapsulation of free curcumin (CUR) and CUR‐loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles (CUR@MSNs) via electrospinning, resulting in a novel drug‐loaded nanofibrous scaffold, CUR/CUR@MSNs‐NFs. The as‐prepared MSNs and composite NFs were characterized via TGA, FTIR, FE‐SEM, TEM, and BET. In vitro release profile of CUR from CUR/CUR@MSNs‐NFs was examined, and the in vitro antitumor efficacy against MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cells was also evaluated through MTT, scratch assay, DAPI staining, and real‐time PCR. The results disclosed that the smooth, bead‐free, and randomly oriented CUR/CUR@MSNs‐NFs displayed a combination of initial rapid discharge and sustained release for CUR, which led to higher cytotoxicity, lower migration as well as a more pronounced effect on apoptosis induction than CUR‐NFs and CUR@MSNs‐NFs. The present study illustrated that the dual drug release mechanisms through MSN/NF‐mediated drug delivery systems might have a highly hopeful application as a localized implantable scaffold for potential postoperative breast cancer therapy.
Pharmacologic Interventions for Fracture Risk Reduction in the Oldest Old: What Is the Evidence?
Authors: Sfeir Jad G , Pignolo Robert J 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTWith an increasingly older population, the proportion of patients 85 years or older seeking interventions to protect their musculoskeletal health is growing. Osteoporosis in the geriatric population presents unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Multimorbidity, frailty, falls, polypharmacy, and other neurobehavioral factors influence our approach to fracture prevention in this population. The vast majority of the evidence from clinical trials establish pharmacologic fracture efficacy in postmenopausal women. The evidence is scarce for the oldest old men and women, a population also at risk for adverse events and mortality. Most studies show continued efficacy of pharmacologic interventions in this age group, although they are largely limited by small sample sizes. We herein review the available evidence of pharmacologic interventions for fracture risk reduction in this population and explore the emerging senotherapeutic interventions in the pipeline. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Systemic PPARγ Antagonism Reduces Metastatic Tumor Progression in Adipocyte-Rich Bone in Excess Weight Male Rodents
Authors: Gaculenko Anastasia , Gregoric Gasper , Popp Vanessa , Seyler Lisa , Ringer Mark , Kachler Katerina , Wu Zhengquan , Kisel Wadim , Hofbauer Christine , Hofbauer Lorenz C. , Uder Michael , Schett Georg , Bäuerle Tobias , Bozec Aline 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
Primary tumors are widely associated with an excess in body fat. The role of adipose tissue on tumor cell homing to bone is yet poorly defined. In this study, we aimed to assess whether bone colonization by tumor cells is favored by an adipocyte-rich bone marrow. We delineated the accompanying alterations of the bone microenvironment and established a treatment approach that interferes with high fat diet (HFD)-induced bone metastasis formation. We were able to show that adipocytes affect skeletal tumor growth in a metastatic model of breast cancer in male rats and melanoma in male mice as well as in human breast cancer bone biopsies. Indeed, HFD-induced bone marrow adiposity was accompanied by accelerated tumor progression and increased osteolytic lesions. In human bone metastases, bone marrow adiposity correlated with tumor cell proliferation. By antagonization of the adipocyte differentiation and storage pathway linked to the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) with bisphenol-A-diglycidylether (BADGE), we were able to decelerate tumor progression and subsequent osteolytic damage in the bones of two distinct metastatic animal models exposed to HFD. Overall these data show that adipose tissue is a critical factor in bone metastases and cancer-induced bone loss. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Nationwide practices in the use of central venous catheters for therapeutic plasma exchange in the inpatient setting
Authors: Chopra Saurav , Garg Aayushi , Schlueter Annette J. , Blau John L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionTherapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) is often impacted by difficulties in obtaining an adequate and safe vascular access. This study evaluated the rates, predictive factors, and clinical outcomes associated with central venous catheter (CVC) use during the inpatient TPE procedures.MethodsThe Nationwide Readmissions Database, 2016 to 2017 was used to identify hospitalizations with TPE with and without CVC insertion.ResultsDuring the study period, there were 35 429 hospitalizations with TPE (pediatric 6.1%, mean ± standard deviation (SD) age 50.9 ± 20.0 years, female 52.7%). CVC insertion was documented in 24 414 (73.4%) adult and 1596 (73.5%) pediatric hospitalizations. In pediatric patients, age >15 years, higher disease severity, and private insurance were associated with higher odds of CVC insertion. In adults, female sex, obesity, concurrent hemodialysis, and higher disease severity were associated with CVC insertion. Adults with private insurance and both adult and pediatric hospitalizations at the teaching hospitals had lower odds of CVC placement. All patients with CVC insertion had longer length of hospital stay, and adults with CVC insertion also had higher hospital charges, higher in‐hospital mortality, and lower likelihood of being discharged to home.ConclusionCVC insertion is performed for the majority of inpatient TPE procedures and CVC use appears to correlate with worse clinical outcomes.
Rare case of advanced rectal cancer with multiple liver and bone metastases presenting with McKittrick–Wheelock syndrome
Authors: Fukushima Hirofumi , Murakami Takashi , Suzuki Nobuyuki , Shibuya Tomoyoshi , Yao Takashi , Nagahara Akihito 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMcKittrick–Wheelock syndrome (MWS) is a rare entity that has been described as electrolyte and fluid depletion secondary to secretory diarrhea caused by a large villous tumor in the colon or rectum. Most tumors associated with MWS are large but benign villous adenomas. Advanced cancers are seldom reported. We report a rare case of advanced rectal cancer with multiple liver and bone metastases presenting with MWS. A 59‐year‐old man was admitted to our hospital with a more than 3‐year history of chronic mucous diarrhea. Laboratory data revealed hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypochloremia, and renal failure. Based on the findings on colonoscopy, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging, he was diagnosed with advanced rectal cancer with liver and bone metastases, and MWS. Following intravenous fluid treatment, abdominoperineal resection of the rectum with lymph node dissection was performed. The surgically resected specimen was a circumferential villous tumor measuring 110 × 80 mm. Histological examination of the resected specimens revealed signet ring cell carcinoma with villous adenoma and metastasis in regional lymph nodes. The renal dysfunction and electrolyte abnormalities that were present before surgery improved. Two courses of capecitabine were administered as adjuvant chemotherapy after the surgery. However, approximately 2 months after surgery, he died of poor general condition due to progression of the liver metastases.
Enzymatic recognition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in human plasma samples using HRP immobilized on the surface of poly(arginine‐toluidine blue)‐ Fe3O4 nanoparticles modified polydopamine; A novel biosensor
Authors: Sardaremelli Sanam , Hasanzadeh Mohammad , Seidi Farzad 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this study, an innovative strategy was proposed for the electrocatalytical reduction and enzymatic biosensing of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) using chronoamperometry technique. For the first time, immobilization of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in polydopamine‐modified magnetic nanoparticles (PDA‐MNPs) was successfully performed. Also, poly(l‐arginine/toluidine blue) film–modified glassy carbon electrode was constructed through co‐electropolymerization of l‐arginine and toluidine blue on the surface of GCE using cyclic voltammetry technique. The engineered hybrid thin film provides strong functionalities for efficient grafting of PDA‐MNPs which, in turn, enable the covalent immobilization of HRP. The proposed biosensor was used for the detection of H2O2 in the range of 0.5‐30 μM with a low limit of quantification 0.23 μM. It also was successfully applied for the investigation of hydrogen peroxide in human plasma samples.
Sensitive and selective detection of amitrole based on molecularly imprinted nanosensor
Authors: Çakır Oğuz , Bakhshpour Monireh , Göktürk Ilgım , Yılmaz Fatma , Baysal Zübeyde 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHerein, a surface plasmon resonance (SPR)‐based nanosensor was fabricated using molecular imprinting technique for the selective and sensitive detection of amitrole, a commonly used highly toxic pesticide. For this purpose, polymeric nanofilms involving N‐methacryloyl‐l‐tryptophan methyl ester and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate which are functional monomer and cross‐linker, respectively, were prepared on the SPR chips surface via the ultravoilet polymerization method. The nanofilms were characterized by several techniques such as ellipsometry, Fourier transform infrared‐attenuated total reflection, atomic force microscope and contact angle measurements. The kinetic analyses for amitrole detection were examined through amitrole‐imprinted and non‐imprinted SPR sensor chips. The developed imprinted sensor showed high selectivity to the amitrole molecule than similar molecules and a good linear relationship for the 0.06‐11.90 nM concentration range with a low limit of detection value of 0.037 nM. The high imprinting efficiency (I.F: 62.38) of the amitrole‐imprinted SPR sensor was determined by comparing it with the non‐imprinted SPR sensor. The most suitable model of this sensor is the Langmuir adsorption model. To statistically assess the reusability of the sensor, intraday experiments were tested three times with five replicates. The relative standard deviation% value less than <1.5 indicates high reproducibility for both sensor production and reproducibility of the method. The prepared sensor was also applied efficiently for the selective detection of the amitrole in spiked samples prepared from vegetables to evaluate the matrix effect. As a result, amitrole‐imprinted SPR sensors have been estimated to be highly selective, fast responsive, easy to use, reusable and sensitive in detecting amitrole in both natural source and aqueous solutions. Label‐free amitrole detection was performed by an aminoacid‐based SPR sensor fabricated without the need for complex coupling processes.
Uric acid and incident atrial fibrillation of 14 years population‐based cohort study: The Suita Study
Authors: Kobayashi Takashi , Kokubo Yoshihiro , Higashiyama Aya , Watanabe Makoto , Nakao Yoko M. , Kamakura Shiro , Kusano Kengo , Miyamoto Yoshihiro 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundHigher baseline uric acid (UA) was significantly associated with higher atrial fibrillation (AF) incidence in Japanese women. However, no prospective study is evident in the association between UA and incident AF in Japanese urban residents.MethodsA total of 6863 participants (aged 30‐79 years; 47% men) without prior AF were followed for 13.9 years on average in the Suita Study. According to the UA categories, cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimating the Hazard Ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for incident AF.ResultsDuring 95178 person‐years of follow‐up, we observed 311 cases of incident AF (204 cases in men and 107 cases in women). Compared to the subjects with UA of 4.0‐4.9 mg/dL, multivariable‐adjusted HR (95% CIs) of incident AF was 1.50 (1.01‐2.25) (P = .047) for the subjects with UA ≥7.0 mg/dL.ConclusionHigh UA was associated with an increased risk for incident AF in the Japanese population.
Stabilization of Pickering emulsion using tragacanth nanoparticles produced by a combination of ultrasonic and anti‐solvent methods
Authors: Kolahi Parisa , Shekarchizadeh Hajar , Nasirpour Ali 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDBecause of the high surface/volume ratio in nanometric size particles, they exhibit novel functional properties in many industries, such as emulsion stabilization. Tragacanth nanoparticles (TNPs) were prepared in this research, applying intense ultrasound energy followed by anti‐solvent precipitation in ethanol.RESULTSInvestigation of wettability showed a contact angle of 88.9 ± 1.7° for TNPs, providing partial wetting of the nanoparticles at the oil–water interface. Pickering emulsions were prepared using TNPs at different oil contents. Also, emulsions containing tragacanth gum solution were prepared as control emulsions. Results showed that the viscosity of the emulsions prepared by the TNPs was significantly lower than those of the control emulsions. Microscopic images showed that the size of the emulsion droplets decreased by increasing the nanoparticle concentrations. Evaluation of the stability of the emulsions showed that changes in the average diameter of the emulsion droplets stabilized by nanoparticles were not significant after 1 month of storage at room temperature. In contrast, the size of the droplet of control emulsions increased over the 30 days of storage. Thermal and mechanical stresses confirmed the effect of the concentration of TNPs and the oil ratio on the stability of the emulsions.CONCLUSIONThe use of TNPs as a natural biopolymer is a promising approach in emulsion systems to prevent coalescence and increase the stability of the Pickering emulsions. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
A Population‐Based Analysis of Outpatient Thyroidectomy: Safe and Under‐Utilized
Authors: Noel Christopher W. , Griffiths Rebecca , Siu Jennifer , Forner David , Urbach David , Freeman Jeremy , Goldstein David P. , Irish Jonathan C. , Higgins Kevin M. , Devon Karen , Pasternak Jesse D , Eskander Antoine 
Published: August 2021

Objectives/HypothesisPerformance of thyroidectomy on an outpatient basis has gained popularity although many jurisdictions have not shifted their practice despite a strong safety profile. We sought to assess the uptake and safety of outpatient thyroidectomy in Ontario.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.MethodsThis was a population‐based retrospecive cohort of adult patients undergoing hemithyroidectomy or total thyroidectomy between 1993 and 2017 in Ontario, Canada. Outpatient surgery was defined as discharge home on the same day of surgery. Outcomes of interest include 30‐day all cause death, hematoma, emergency department use, and readmission. To adjust for confounding, propensity scores were calculated. Logistic regression models with inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) were then used to estimate the exposure‐outcome relationship.ResultsThe final cohort consisted of 81,199 patients: 8,442 underwent same day surgery and 72,757 were admitted. The proportion of patients undergoing outpatient thyroidectomy increased overtime (2.3% in 1993–1994 to 17.8% in 2016–2017). Factors associated with higher odds of outpatient thyroidectomy included: younger age, less material deprivation, less comorbidities, and higher surgeon volume. The absolute number of deaths (≤5) and hematomas (64, 0.8%) in the outpatient cohort was low. After IPTW adjustment, patients with outpatient management had lower odds of neck hematoma (OR 0.73[95CI% 0.58–0.93)], but higher odds of emergency department use (OR 1.67[95%CI 1.56–1.79]).ConclusionsOutpatient thyroidectomy is not associated with an increased mortality risk. Less than one in five patients undergo outpatient thyroidectomy in Ontario, despite a well‐established safety profile.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 131:2625–2633, 2021
Vocal Fold Movement and Silent Aspiration After Congenital Heart Surgery
Authors: Narawane Amit , Rappazzo Christina , Hawney Jean , Clason Hallie , Roddy Dantin J. , Ongkasuwan Julina 
Published: August 2021

Objectives/HypothesisInfants who undergo congenital heart surgery are at risk of developing vocal fold motion impairment (VFMI) and swallowing difficulties. This study aims to describe the dysphagia in this population and explore the associations between surgical complexity and vocal fold mobility with dysphagia and airway protection.Study DesignRetrospective chart review.MethodsThis is a retrospective chart review of infants (age <12 months) who underwent congenital heart surgery between 7/2008 and 1/2018 and received a subsequent videofluoroscopic swallow study (VFSS). Demographic information, Society of Thoracic Surgeons‐European Association for Cardio‐Thoracic Surgery (STAT) category of each surgery, vocal fold mobility status, and VFSS findings were collected and analyzed.ResultsThree hundred and seventy‐four patients were included in the study. Fifty‐four percent of patients were male, 24% were premature, and the average age at the time of VFSS was 59 days. Sixty percent of patients had oral dysphagia and 64% of patients had pharyngeal dysphagia. Fifty‐one percent of patients had laryngeal penetration and 45% had tracheal aspiration. Seventy‐three percent of these aspirations were silent. There was no association between surgical complexity, as defined by the STAT category, and dysphagia or airway protection findings. Patients with VFMI after surgery were more likely to have silent aspiration (odds ratio = 1.94, P < .01), even when adjusting for other risk factors.ConclusionInfants who undergo congenital heart surgery are at high risk for VFMI and aspiration across all five STAT categories. This study demonstrates the high prevalence of silent aspiration in this population and the need for thorough postoperative swallow evaluation.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 132:701–705, 2022