bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deforestation and fragmentation trends of seasonal dry tropical forest in Ecuador: impact on conservation
Authors: Rivas Carlos A. , Guerrero-Casado José , Navarro-Cerillo Rafael M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Fragmentation and deforestation are one of the greatest threats to forests, and these processes are of even more concern in the tropics, where the seasonal dry forest is possibly one of the most threatened ecosystems with the least remaining surface area.

Methods
The deforestation and fragmentation patterns that had occurred in Ecuadorian seasonal dry forests between 1990 and 2018 were verified, while geographic information systems and land cover shapes provided by the Ecuadorian Ministry of the Environment were employed to classify and evaluate three types of seasonal dry forests: deciduous, semi-deciduous, and transition. The study area was tessellated into 10 km2 hexagons, in which six fragmentation parameters were measured: number of patches, mean patch size, median patch size, total edge, edge density and reticular fragmentation index (RFI). The RFI was also measured both outside and inside protected natural areas (unprotected, national protected areas and protected forest). Moreover, the areas with the best and worst conservation status, connectivity and risk of disappearance values were identified by means of a Getis-Ord Gi* statistical analysis.

Results
The deforestation of seasonal dry forests affected 27.04% of the original surface area still remaining in 1990, with an annual deforestation rate of − 1.12% between 1990 and 2018. The RFI has increased by 11.61% as a result of the fact that small fragments of forest have tended to disappear, while the large fragments have been fragmented into smaller ones. The semi-deciduous forest had the highest levels of fragmentation in 2018. The three categories of protection had significantly different levels of fragmentation, with lower RFI values in national protected areas and greater values in protected forests.

Conclusions
The seasonal dry forest is fragmenting, deforesting and disappearing in some areas. An increased protection and conservation of the Ecuadorian seasonal dry forest is, therefore, necessary owing to the fact that not all protection measures have been effective.
Probabilistic analysis of the active earth pressure on earth retaining walls for c-ϕ soils according to the Mazindrani and Ganjali method
Authors: Osorio Julian , Viviescas Juan Camilo , Osorio Juan Pablo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe determination of the earth pressure coefficients (K) in geotechnical engineering is one of the most critical procedures in designing earth retaining walls. However, most earth pressure theories are made for either clay or sands, where the c-ϕ soils are the least analysed. In this paper, an analysis of the earth pressure for drained mixed soils based in Mazindrani and Ganjali (J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 123:110–112, 1997) theory was carried out. Earth pressure coefficients are generally used in a deterministic way and can represent designs under an inadmissible risk. Therefore, Reliability-based design arises as an essential tool to deal with soil variability as one of the main aspects of the geotechnical uncertainties. The influence of the soil variability in the active earth pressure for a c-ϕ soil was performed through probabilistic analysis concerning the Ka coefficient of variation (Cv) of both shear strength parameters. The sensitivity analysis shows a Cv in which the cohesion begins to have a more significant correlation with Ka than the friction angle. The results show an increase of the statistical Ka concerning the deterministic value as the soil variability and the soil slope (β) increase. Although the statistical value does not increase significantly, a statistical analysis on gravity walls and sheet pile walls in c-ϕ soils shows a significant probability of failure (pf) increase. The pf obtained through the c-ϕ variability can be considered inadmissible even if the required FS are met.
Management of Schneiderian membrane perforations during maxillary sinus floor augmentation with lateral approach in relation to subsequent implant survival rates: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Díaz-Olivares Luis Alfredo , Cortés-Bretón Brinkmann Jorge , Martínez-Rodríguez Natalia , Martínez-González José María , López-Quiles Juan , Leco-Berrocal Isabel , Meniz-García Cristina 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis systematic review aimed to propose a treatment protocol for repairing intraoperative perforation of the Schneiderian membrane during maxillary sinus floor augmentation (MSFA) procedures with lateral window technique. In turn, to assess subsequent implant survival rates placed below repaired membranes compared with intact membranes and therefore determine whether membrane perforation constitutes a risk factor for implant survival.Material and methodsThis review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Two independent reviewers conducted an electronic search for articles published between 2008 and April 30, 2020, in four databases: (1) The National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE/PubMed) via Ovid; (2) Web of Science (WOS); (3) SCOPUS; and (4) Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL); also, a complementary handsearch was carried out. The Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale was used to assess the quality of evidence in the studies reviewed.ResultsSeven articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. A total of 1598 sinus lift surgeries were included, allowing the placement of 3604 implants. A total of 1115 implants were placed under previously perforated and repaired membranes, obtaining a survival rate of 97.68%, while 2495 implants were placed below sinus membranes that were not damaged during surgery, obtaining a survival rate of 98.88%. The rate of Schneiderian membrane perforation shown in the systematic review was 30.6%. In the articles reviewed, the most widely used technique for repairing perforated membranes was collagen membrane repair.ConclusionsSchneiderian membrane perforation during MFSA procedures with lateral approach is not a risk factor for dental implant survival (p=0.229; RR 0.977; 95% CI 0.941-1.015). The knowledge of the exact size of the membrane perforation is essential for deciding on the right treatment plan.
Prevalence of undernutrition and its associated factors among pregnant women in Konso district, southern Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Gelebo Deyganto Gergito , Gebremichael Mathewos Alemu , Asale Gistane Ayele , Berbada Dessalegn Ajema 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Undernutrition during pregnancy is an important public health problem. It is highly prevalent in Ethiopia but not sufficiently addressed yet. Hence, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of undernutrition and its associated factors among pregnant mothers in Konso district, Ethiopia.

Methods
Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted with a qualitative inquiry from December 2018 to January 2019. A multistage stratified sampling technique was used to select 527 subjects and quantitative data were collected from these subjects using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire and additionally qualitative data were generated through two focus group discussions among purposely selected discussants. Mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) was measured by standard non-stretchable MUAC tape. Data were entered into Epi-data version3.1 and analyzed by SPSS version 21. In multivariable binary logistic regression, a statistically significant association was declared at p-value < 0.05 while thematic framework analysis was employed for the qualitative data.

Results
Among 501 participants, the overall prevalence of undernutrition (MUAC < 23 cm) was 43.1% (95% CI 38.7–47.5%). Household food security (AOR = 3.1; 95% CI: 2.1–4.6), low dietary diversity score (AOR = 4.9; 95% CI: 2.6–9.2), medium dietary diversity score (AOR = 2.3; 95% CI: 1.2–4.7), absence of latrine (AOR = 1.8; 95% CI: 1.2–2.6) and having family resource decision making by husband only (AOR = 1.7; 95% CI: 1.1–2.6) were significantly associated factors. Traditional believes to restrict food such as egg, milk, and milk products, avocado for women, weak nutrition education and malnutrition screening program, daily consumption of locally prepared alcoholic drink called “Cheka”, drought-prone nature of this setting, traditional way of farming practices and low socio-economic status were found to be barriers for women’s undernutrition.

Conclusions
The prevalence of undernutrition was found to be higher than previously reported findings. Household food security, dietary diversity, latrine availability, family resource decision making, food restrictions, weak maternal nutrition education, and malnutrition screening program, the practice of depending on a local alcoholic drink called “Cheka”, drought, traditional way of farming and low socio-economic status were identified factors. Hence, interventions targeting maternal nutrition education, hygiene, and sanitation promotion, household food insecurity improvement strategies should be implemented to improve the nutritional status of pregnant women.
Mycoparasitic nature of Egyptian Trichoderma isolates and their impact on suppression Fusarium wilt of tomato
Authors: Nofal A. M. , El-Rahman Mohamed Abd , Abdelghany T. M. , Abd El-Mongy Mahmoud 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Plant disease administration is difficult due to the soil-borne nature of the phytopathogens. Biological control of plant disease is a safe mode to avoid the problems related to fungal diseases that affect crops productivity.

Results
Twenty-three Trichoderma isolates were isolated from soil, surrounding healthy tomato roots from different regions in the Egyptian Governorate of Menoufia. Using a dual culture method to test the efficiency of Trichoderma isolates, the most effective isolate identified as Trichoderma atrovirde with percentage inhibition against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (92.11%) and scanning electron microscope examination documented the mycoparasitic nature of T. atrovirde to F. oxysporum. Treatments with 10% filtrate T. atrovirde improved the growth aspects of tomato plants than the control plants or infected only, as well as the increase in phenol content (15.09 ug. g-1dry weight) and decreased disease incidence percentage (8%) than the plants infected only (60%).

Conclusions
This study clearly demonstrated that T. atrovirde had a significant inhibition against F. oxysporum. Greenhouse assays displayed the protective role of T. atrovirde inoculation directly against pathogen or indirectly related to the defense mechanism in the plant. So, this study recommends using T. atrovirde for biological control of wilt disease in tomato plants.
Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma at the pineal region: rare case report with successful surgical management
Authors: Singh Saraj Kumar , Sharma Krishan Kumar , Kumar Tarun 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Pineal region tumors are commonly present in the pediatric age group. However, pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) is very rare at this region, and only few case reports have been reported till now in literature.

Case presentation
Here, we report a rare case of pineal region, juxta-thalamic, pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) in an 11-year-old male child. The child presented with severe headache after which MRI was done. It was suggestive of pineal region low-grade tumor. The patient was operated in Parkbench position with SCIT (supracerebellar approach) in a retractor-free manner. Gross total resection was done. However, the patient developed postoperative left-sided hemiparesis. It got improved in 1 month, and the patient became ambulatory. Histopathology came out as pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma.

Conclusion
Surgical management should include careful resection near the internal capsule to avoid postoperative hemiparesis. Also, shunt should be delayed in the cystic cavity created by resection of tumor.
Corticosteroids for spontaneous intracranial hypotension: a case-report and critical review focusing on pathophysiology and treatment
Authors: Angelopoulou Efthalia , Pantou Eirini , Zacharis Georgios , Rentzos Michail , Stefanis Leonidas , Zouvelou Vasiliki 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) is characterized by positional headache caused by low CSF pressure, without any major traumatic event. Optimal treatment is still debated; epidural blood patch (EBP) is usually used after unsuccessful conservative treatment with variable efficacy and potentially severe complications. Although steroids have been reported to be beneficial, their effectiveness is still controversial, and more clinical evidence is needed.

Case presentation
A 37-year-old woman was admitted to the neurology department due to severe orthostatic headache with nausea over the last 5 days. No trauma history or spinal manipulation were mentioned. On arrival, neurological examination, brain CT, and laboratory investigation were normal. Intracranial hypotension was clinically suspected, and lumbar puncture revealed low opening pressure. Brain MRI demonstrated pachymeningeal gadolinium enhancement and distended and rounded dural venous sinuses, while cervicothoracic spine MRI revealed thoracic CSF leakage, leading to SIH diagnosis. The patient was treated with high-dose intravenous methylprednisolone, with complete clinical resolution within 24 h.

Conclusions
Our case, combined with literature evidence, supports the high-dose intravenous corticosteroids as a reasonable treatment option in selected cases, before trying EBP or surgical repair. Randomized clinical trials are needed, in order to optimize SIH patients’ outcomes.
LSTM RNN: detecting exploit kits using redirection chain sequences
Authors: Burgess Jonah , O’Kane Philip , Sezer Sakir , Carlin Domhnall 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWhile consumers use the web to perform routine activities, they are under the constant threat of attack from malicious websites. Even when visiting ‘trusted’ sites, there is always a risk that site is compromised, and, hosting a malicious script. In this scenario, the injected script would typically force the victim’s browser to undergo a series of redirects before reaching an attacker-controlled domain, which, delivers the actual malware. Although these malicious redirection chains aim to frustrate detection and analysis efforts, they could be used to help identify web-based attacks. Building upon previous work, this paper presents the first known application of a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network to detect Exploit Kit (EK) traffic, utilising the structure of HTTP redirects. Samples are processed as sequences, where each timestep represents a redirect and contains a unique combination of 48 features. The experiment is conducted using a ground-truth dataset of 1279 EK and 5910 benign redirection chains. Hyper-parameters are tuned via K-fold cross-validation (5f-CV), with the optimal configuration achieving an F1 score of 0.9878 against the unseen test set. Furthermore, we compare the results of isolated feature categories to assess their importance.
The prognostic impact of Wilms tumor-1 polymorphism (rs16754) and human myeloid inhibitory C-type lectin-like receptor expression in cytogenetically normal-acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Bedair Hanan M. , Attia Mohamed H. , Gohar Suzy F. , Khalaf Fatma M. , Badr El-DIN Sahar , Rabie Hatem 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
There are several genetic mutations that carry prognostic and predictive values in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). They are also implicated in disease pathogenesis and patient outcome. They can be a target of novel therapies for AML. The aim of the current study was to investigate prognostic value of Wilms’ tumor-1 (WT1) genotypes and human myeloid inhibitory C-type lectin-like (hMICL) receptor expression in normal-cytogenetic group of patients with AML. Genotyping of WT1 mutations was done by Rotor Gene real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) while hMICL expression was detected using phycoerythrin (PE)-conjugated mouse monoclonal anti-human (MoAbs) by flow cytometry.

Results
Sixty-three patients with cytogenetically normal AML (CN-AML) were included in the study. The alternate allele of WT1 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs16754 was found in 26.89%. At day 28 of therapy, complete remission was achieved in 100% of cases harboring mutant AG plus GG genotypes but only in 6.38% of cases harboring wild genotype (AA). After 6 months, 88.23% of patients harboring WT1 mutant genotype maintained complete remission, while only 23.40% of patients with wild type showed complete remission. The overall survival in patients harboring mutant WT1 genotypes was significantly longer than in those who carried the wild type gene (P-value, 0.001). Additionally, hMICL was overexpressed in approximately 87.3% of AML cases and inversely related to complete response. Similarly, overall survival was significantly shorter in patients with positive hMICL (P-value, 0.001).

Conclusion
Mutant WT1 genotypes (SNP rs16754) were conversely, associated with complete response, and hMICL overexpression had poor prognostic value in AML.
Development and assessment of a high-throughput biofilm and biomass testing platform
Authors: Kim Hosan , Aquino Matthew , Izadjoo Mina 
Published: July 2021

Objective: To develop and evaluate a simple platform technology for developing static biofilms in a 96-well microtitre plate for various downstream applications. The technology allows monitoring of growth rate, biofilm formation and quantifying biofilm biomass by using crystal violet (CV) and safranin O (SO) staining over seven-day time periods for pathogens including clinical isolates most commonly associated with hard-to-treat wound infections. Method: A total of 157 bacteria including Acinetobacter, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus spp. were used in the study. Bacterial growth was measured at 600nm optical density (OD). Biofilm formation was monitored and assessed quantitatively with CV at 570nm and SO staining at 492nm for one-, two-, three- and seven-day incubation periods. Results: Bacterial growth rate and static biofilm biomass in the 96-well plates varied for various strains tested. Both CV and SO staining showed similar results in the biomass, with SO assay displaying more reproducible data throughout the study. Most of the strains were metabolically active even at the seven-day incubation period. Microbial adherences of all bacterial strains on the plastic surface was assessed with CV staining: 28 Acinetobacter, 17 Staphylococcus, 12 Pseudomonas and four Enterobacter strains were strong biofilm producers. Moderate biofilm-producing strains included 27 Staphylococcus, 14 Acinetobacter, eight Pseudomonas and three Enterobacter. Weak biofilm-producing strains included: 33 Staphylococcus, six Enterobacter, two Pseudomonas and one Acinetobacter. Only one Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain did not develop biofilm. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate the feasibility of using 96-well microtitre plates as a high-throughput platform for quantitative measurement and assessment of biofilm development over time. Studying microbial adherence or biofilm biomass generated on various surfaces using a high-throughput system could provide valuable information for in vitro testing and developing therapeutics for biofilm infections. Employing the biofilm testing platform described in this study makes it possible to simultaneously develop different biofilms formed by specific pathogens, and study potential association between the quantity of bacterial biomass and strength of a biofilm formed by specific wound pathogens. In addition, the described testing approach could provide an optimal model for standardised and high-throughput screening of candidate antibiofilm therapeutics.
Las redes sociales digitales como espacios de sociabilidad de los adolescentes. El caso del colegio Escolapios de Aluche
Authors: Rubio-Romero Juana , Jiménez Jose-Mª , Barón-Dulce Gemma 
Published: July 2021

Frente a las limitaciones que se observan en la sociabilidad offline, donde los espacios para la sociabilidad informal cada vez son más restringidos, la sociabilidad virtual ofrece al adolescente unas posibilidades ilimitadas a la hora de relacionarse con sus iguales. Este trabajo se centra en el papel que tienen las redes sociales virtuales en la socialización de los adolescentes y en las principales prácticas de sociabilidad. La metodología utilizada ha sido la cualitativa; se han realizado cuatro grupos de discusión con adolescentes de 11 a 18 años. Para los adolescentes abrirse un perfil en las redes sociales constituye un auténtico rito de paso y cumple una función primordial en su inserción social. Estas redes les permiten ampliar su red de contactos e interaccionar de igual a igual con cualquiera que tenga un perfil en ellas. Entre las prácticas de sociabilidad sobresale la de mirar/”cotillear”, principalmente fotos y videos relacionados con la vida cotidiana como referencia y ayuda en su proceso identitario y de socialización. El trabajo también proporciona evidencias sobre la importancia que adquieren las prácticas de sociabilidad en la adolescencia a la hora de incrementar su capital social y conseguir el reconocimiento.
Hubungan Panjang Berat Dan Faktor Kondisi Loligo chinensis yang Didaratkan di TPI Tambak Lorok Semarang
Authors: Sitompul Noel Mansen , Azizah Ria , Munasik Munasik 
Published: July 2021

Loligo chinensis merupakan salah satu jenis cumi-cumi yang memiliki nilai ekonomis penting di TPI Tambak Lorok Semarang. Produksi cumi-cumi merupakan hasil tangkapan dari alam, upaya penangkapan yang semakin tinggi dapat menyebabkan penurunan stok sumberdaya cumi-cumi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aspek biologi L.chinensis yang ada di Tambak Lorok yang meliputi hubungan panjang berat, faktor kondisi, dan pola pertumbuhan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni-Juli 2020. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah regresi linier sederhana dari log PM (panjang mantel) dan log W (weight) untuk mengetahui hubungan panjang beratnya. Nilai hubungan panjang berat L.chinensis mempunyai persamaan W = 0,00048L2,4921 untuk keseluruhan sampel, W = 3,237L0,84 pada betina dan W = 3,29L0,827 pada jantan dengan nilai slope (b) 2,4921; 0,84; dan 0,827. Nilai slope tersebut menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan L.chinensis bersifat alometrik negatif. Nilai faktor kondisi (Kn) = 1,064 pada keseluruhan sampel, Kn = 1,713 pada betina dan Kn = 1,63 pada jantan, nilai tersebut menunjukkan spesies ini tergolong memiliki badan yang kurus. Pertumbuhan panjang mantel (PM) L.chinensis tumbuh lebih lambat dibanding organ tubuh lain, kecuali terhadap berat tubuhnya. Loligo chinensis is one type of squid that has economic value crucial in the Tambak Lorok Semarang. Squid production mainly comes from nature, high fishing effort can cause a decrease in squid resource stock. The purpose of this study is to know the biological aspect L.chinensis in the Tambak Lorok include long weight relationships, condition factors, and the quality of alometry growth. The study was carried out in June-July 2020. The data analysis used is simple linear regression from the PM’s log (mantle length) and log W (weight) to know the relationship of its weight length. The relationship value between total length and total weight of L.chinensis has a W = 0,00048L2,4921 equation for the entire sample, W = 3,237L0,84 in the female and W = 3,29L0,827 in the male with slope (b) 2,4921; 0,84; and 0,827. Value slope shows the growths L.chinensis is negative alometrice. The value of the condition factor (Kn) = 1,064 in the entire sample, Kn = 1,713 in the female and Kn = 1,63 in the male. The value suggests that the species is thick-skinned. The growth of the mantle length (PM) of L.chinensis grows slower than other organs of the body, except for its total weight.