bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A virtual reality simulator for training the surgical reduction of patient-specific supracondylar humerus fractures
Authors: Negrillo-Cárdenas José , Jiménez-Pérez Juan-Roberto , Madeira Joaquim , Feito Francisco R. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Virtual reality has been used as a training platform in medicine, allowing the repetition of a situation/scenario as many times as needed and making it patient-specific prior to an operation. Of special interest is the minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO). It represents a novel technique for orthopedic trauma surgery, but requires intensive training to acquire the required skills. In this paper, we propose a virtual reality platform for training the surgical reduction of supracondylar fractures of the humerus using MIPO. The system presents a detailed surgical theater where the surgeon has to place the bone fragments properly.

Methods
Seven experienced users were selected to perform a surgical reduction using our proposal. Two paired humeri were scanned from a dataset obtained from the Complejo Hospitalario de Jaén. A virtual fracture was performed in one side of the pair, using the other as contralateral part. Users have to simulate a reduction for each case and fill out a survey about usability, using a five-option Likert scale.

Results
The subjects have obtained excellent scores in both simulations. The users have notably reduced the time employed in the second experiment, being 60% less in average. Subjects have valued the usability (5.0), the intuitiveness (4.6), comfort (4.5), and realism (4.9) in a 1–5 Likert scale. The mean score of the usability survey was 4.66.

Conclusion
The system has shown a high learning rate, and it is expected that the trainees will reach an expert level after additional runs. By focusing on the movement of bone fragments, specialists acquire motor skills to avoid the malrotation of MIPO-treated fractures. A future study can fulfill the requirements needed to include this training system into the protocol of real surgeries. Therefore, we expect the system to increase the confidence of the trainees as well as to improve their decision making.
Revealing the Unexpected Two Variant Pairing Shifts Due to Temperature Change in a Single Bainitic Medium Carbon Steel
Authors: Ståhlkrantz Adam , Hedström Peter , Sarius Niklas , Borgenstam Annika 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The microstructure of a low alloy medium carbon bainitic steel, austempered in the temperature range 275 °C to 450 °C has been investigated by detailed electron backscatter diffraction and variant pairing analysis. It is observed that the variant pairing tendency has two distinct changes with varying temperature. At low temperature V1-V6 is the most frequent, whereas V1-V2 is the most frequent at intermediate temperature and at the highest temperature, V1-V4 dominates. This is distinct from the literature on low carbon steel where only two dominant variants pairs, related to the common distinction of bainite into lower and upper bainite, are typically reported. The change of the variant pairing in bainite also has many similarities with the change of variant pairing in martensite when its carbon content changes. Another observation is that the morphological orientation of cementite in the bainite has a strong relation with the variant pairing at lower austempering temperatures.
Neurological symptoms and axonal damage in COVID-19 survivors: are there sequelae?
Authors: Bozzetti Silvia , Ferrari Sergio , Zanzoni Serena , Alberti Daniela , Braggio Michele , Carta Sara , Piraino Francesco , Gabbiani Daniele , Girelli Domenico , Nocini Riccardo , Monaco Salvatore , Crisafulli Ernesto , Mariotto Sara 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe persistence of neurological symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 infection, as well as the presence of late axonal damage, is still unknown. We performed extensive systemic and neurological follow-up evaluations in 107 out of 193 consecutive patients admitted to the COVID-19 medical unit, University Hospital of Verona, Italy between March and June 2020. We analysed serum neurofilament light chain (NfL) levels in all cases including a subgroup (n = 29) of patients with available onset samples. Comparisons between clinical and biomarker data were then performed. Neurological symptoms were still present in a significant number (n = 49) of patients over the follow-up. The most common reported symptoms were hyposmia (n = 11), fatigue (n = 28), myalgia (n = 14), and impaired memory (n = 11) and were more common in cases with severe acute COVID-19. Follow-up serum NfL values (15.2 pg/mL, range 2.4–62.4) were within normal range in all except 5 patients and did not differentiate patients with vs without persistent neurological symptoms. In patients with available onset and follow-up samples, a significant (p < 0.001) decrease of NfL levels was observed and was more evident in patients with a severe acute disease. Despite the common persistence of neurological symptoms, COVID-19 survivors do not show active axonal damage, which seems a peculiar feature of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Influence of sex and gender on the management of late-stage knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Moretti B. , Spinarelli A. , Varrassi G. , Massari L. , Gigante A. , Iolascon G. , Benedetti M. G. , Moretti A. M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The exact nature of sex and gender differences in knee osteoarthritis (OA) among patient candidates for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) remains unclear and requires better elucidation to guide clinical practice. The purpose of this investigation was to survey physician practices and perceptions about the influence of sex and gender on knee OA presentation, care, and outcomes after TKA.

Methods
The survey questions were elaborated by a multidisciplinary scientific board composed of 1 pain specialist, 4 orthopedic specialists, 2 physiatrists, and 1 expert in gender medicine. The survey included 5 demographic questions and 20 topic questions. Eligible physician respondents were those who treat patients during all phases of care (pain specialists, orthopedic specialists, and physiatrists). All survey responses were anonymized and handled via remote dispersed geographic participation.

Results
Fifty-six physicians (71% male) accepted the invitation to complete the survey. In general, healthcare professionals expressed that women presented worse symptomology, higher pain intensity, and lower pain tolerance and necessitated a different pharmacological approach compared to men. Pain and orthopedic specialists were more likely to indicate sex and gender differences in knee OA than physiatrists. Physicians expressed that the absence of sex and gender-specific instruments and indications is an important limitation on available studies.

Conclusions
Healthcare professionals perceive multiple sex and gender-related differences in patients with knee OA, especially in the pre- and perioperative phases of TKA. Sex and gender bias sensitivity training for physicians can potentially improve the objectivity of care for knee OA among TKA candidates.
Assessing the Impact of an Original Soft Communicative Robot in a Nursing Home in Japan: Will Softness or Conversations Bring more Smiles to Older People?
Authors: Obayashi Kazuko , Kodate Naonori , Masuyama Shigeru 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIt has been reported that robotics-aided care can contribute to enhancing older people’s social participation and quality of life in nursing homes, while simultaneously reducing the burden on care professionals at nighttime. Due to increasing demand for social care and the relative workforce shortage, it is likely that a greater number and variety of robots will be introduced and implemented in the future. While the benefits of applying robots and assistive technologies are recognized, the current limitations and weaknesses have also been identified. One of these is the difficulty associated with a user-centered design, involving older adults with impaired cognitive and sensory abilities in nursing homes. In order to overcome this challenge, a project was carried out to develop a soft and compact bedside communication robot with an input/output device, connected to existing technologies (e.g. monitoring camera, biological sensor). Drawing on the principle of gemba (deference to frontline professionals’ experience, expertise and skills), users’ feedback was reflected in the iterative steps of robot development. The original soft and communicative robot was introduced and its effectiveness was tested by measuring older people’s reactions and changes in their behaviors and engagement levels. The article reports the development process and results of a small-scale evaluation study, comparing the impact of this original soft-type robot with and without its communicative functions. The human–robot interactions were captured on video, and the analysis revealed that while communicative robots reduced the psychosocial burden on older adults, positive emotional, verbal, visual and behavioral engagement was generated with the help of the non-verbal plush toy.
Petrological and Geochemical Studies on the Basalts of Mandla Lobe, Eastern Deccan Volcanic Province; Implications on the Shallow Melting of a Spinel Peridotite and Crustal Contamination
Authors: Srinivas K.N.S.S.S. , Kishore P. Pavan , Subramanyam K.S.V. , Rao D.V. Subba 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The petrological studies and geochemical analysis carried out on the basalts of Mandla Lobe (MB), Madhya Pradesh of eastern Deccan Volcanic Province (EDVP) to evaluate their petrogenetic and tectonic evolution. A variety of lavas such as columnar, vesicular, amygdaloidal, inflated pahoehoe flows and red bole interflow horizons around the study areas Chutka, Mandla and Jabalpur-Niwas sectors of Mandla lobe are found. These basalts are fine to medium grained porphyritic and non-porphyritic composed of calcic plagioclase (An36 Ab61 Or3 to An74 Ab25 Or1; labradorite to bytonite), clinopyroxene (Wo24-42, En30-52, Fs15-43; augite-ferroaugite), altered olivine, chlorophaeite, opaque and glass usually show a variety of intersertal (seriate, ophitic and subophitic), intergranular (porphyritic, glomeroporphyritic, poikilitic) textures indicating variable cooling histories and melt replenishment in a magma chamber. The MB samples exhibit tholeiitic trends evidenced by iron enrichment on AFM diagram. The La/Yb ratios of MB suggest relative enrichment of LREE over HREE without significant Europium anomalies. Low HREE ratios such as (Tb/Yb)N and Dy/Yb suggest the precursor melts derived by low to moderate degree partial melting of a spinel peridotite mantle source. In the geochemical discrimination plots such as TiO2 vs MgO, Ba/Y vs Zr/Nb and Rb/Y vs Nb/Y and discriminant function analysis (DFA) show the MB correspond to the overlapping field between Poladpur and Ambenali Formations of Wai subgroup imply uncontaminated to significant crustal contamination (Nb/La range from 0.18-1.31; Nb/La=1 is the boundary condition) well characterized in Western Ghat sections of WDVP.
Assessment of Flood Frequency using Statistical and Hybrid Neural Network Method: Mahanadi River Basin, India
Authors: Samantaray Sandeep , Sahoo Abinash , Agnihotri Ankita 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Flooding is the most common and widespread natural hazard affecting societies around the globe. In this context, forecasting of peak flood discharge is necessary for planning, designing and managing hydraulic structures and is crucial for decision makers to mitigate flooding risks. This study investigates potential of four most frequently used traditional statistical distribution techniques and three neural network algorithms for flood forecasting. Four statistical methods includes Generalized Extreme Value (GEV), Log Pearson-III (LP-III), Gumbel, and Normal. The methods were used for modeling annual maximum discharge at Andhiyarkore, Bamanidhi, Baronda, Kurubhatta gauge station of the river Mahanadi for a period of 60 years (1960 to 2019). In addition, a new hybrid neural network approach (ANFIS-FFA) combining the optimization model i.e. Firefly Algorithm (FFA) with data-driven model Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) is adopted to predict flood discharge and compare the obtained results with conventional algorithms. Three statistical constraints MSE, RMSE, WI are employed to find the performance of proposed hybrid model. Result shows that, ANFIS-FFA gives the best values of WI as 0.9604, 0.961, 0.9598 and 0.9615 at Andhiyarkore, Bamanidhi, Baronda, Kurubhatta gauge stations respectively during testing phase. Again regression analysis is done to find the value for coefficient of determination; it gives the best value of R2 as 95.906, 96.014, 96.113, 96.131 at Andhiyarkore, Bamanidhi, Baronda, Kurubhatta gauge stations considering ANFIS-FFA algorithm. Results from this comparative exercise suggest that hybrid ANFIS-FFA gives best performance compared to other statistical and conventional neural network approaches.
Formalizing the New Designation ‘Sitapuri Bryozoan Limestone’, in lieu of Conventional Term ‘Coralline Limestone’, for the Youngest Member of the Bagh Formation (Turonian)
Authors: Borkar Vidyadhar D. , Kulkarni Kantimati G. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Despite being essentially a bryozoan limestone, the youngest member of the Bagh Formation (Turonian) is traditionally known as ‘the Coralline Limestone’. Origin of this misnomer has been traced to a research paper by Fraser, in which a reference to this limestone was made. A footnote was appended to that research paper stating that this limestone contained fragments of corals. Presumably relying on this footnote, Carter designated this limestone as the Coralline Limestone. Authentic information regarding the Bagh Formation was later documented by Blanford as well as by Bose. Though both of them observed that this limestone is made up of bryozoan skeletal remains, they retained the invalid lithostratigraphic designation ‘Coralline Limestone’, which is still being followed. It is proposed here to formally designate this member as the Sitapuri Bryozoan Limestone. It is the youngest member of the Bagh Formation. Thin sections exhibit mainly bryozoan fragments; along with echinoid spines and plates, algae, molluscan shell fragments, etc. Both sparitic and micritic cement are present. It is ideally developed in the Man River Valley. Apropos, so-called Lower Coralline Limestone consists of sparse lenticular intercalations of bryozoan limestone developed at the bottom of Deola-Chirakhan Marl, and thus does not constitute a discrete lithostratigraphic member.
Stability Analysis of Failed Slope in Tindharia Region, West Bengal, India – A Case Study
Authors: Roy Nishant , Kumar Ankesh , Rao K.S. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The present study provides a discussion on landslide event which occurred along Hill Cart road, in the year 2011. The concerned area, situated in the Tindharia region of West Bengal, is famous as a UNESCO world heritage site and draws tourists owing to the famous toy train operated by the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway. This paper presents a description of the events associated with the catastrophic landslide which resulted in the abrupt halting of the operations of the toy train network and disruption of road traffic. Observations made during the site visit are presented, summarizing the important geological findings. Data collected during the site visit is utilized to identify the probable failure surface. Back analysis is attempted using the limit equilibrium method, to assess the effect of geomechanical parameters on the stability of the slope while replicating the probable range of parameters leading to instability. The results of the back analysis are further utilized in a finite element numerical model to assess the stability of the new slope profile. Measures for improving the stability of the new slope by incorporation of rock bolts are discussed. It is believed that the findings of the present study will be beneficial for future stability analyses at the concerned site.
Early Pliocene Low Primary Productivity: Evidence from Car Nicobar Island, Northern Indian Ocean
Authors: Chakraborty Arindam , Ghosh Amit K. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Primary productivity is an important component of the ocean. Primary productivity data from Pliocene of northern Indian Ocean is lacking. Marine siliceous organisms viz., diatoms, radiolarians, silicoflagellates and siliceous sponges uptake dissolved silica (dSi) from the seawater. The biological uptake of dissolved silica (dSi) from the seawater and subsequent precipitation as biogenic silica (bSi) is a major biogeochemical cycle that has significant influence on productity. There is evidence of less silicified organisms based on micropalaeontological studies from early Pliocene (Zanclean) of Car Nicobar Island. The present study based on geochemical analyses (XRD and FTIR) from Sawai Bay Formation on Car Nicobar Island indicates that limited bSi is possibly the reason for low productivity during early Pliocene (Zanclean).
Estimating Water Flux in a Granitic Aquifer from Temperate Profile Measurements in Borewells of a Hard Rock Region, India
Authors: Kumar Dewashish 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Electrical conductivity (EC) and temperature logging were carried out in twenty-five borewells/piezometers in a hard rock region of Telangana, India at an interval of 1 and 2 m right from the water table till the bottom of the borewell to study the fracture zones at different depths and to recognize temperature variation with depths. The temperature and EC profiles of the groundwater were recorded at regular intervals along the depths of the borewells, the sensitivity of the sensor of the logger being limited to 0.1 K. An attempt was made to calculate the vertical component of the water flux in 25 borewells using the temperature profile measurements in these borewells by applying the heat convection and conduction equation and taking into account the volumetric heat capacity of water and the thermal conductivity of rocks (in the present study, granite). The temperature data was first linearly fitted. The dispersion that would exist in thermal conductivity under the assumption as uniform flux for 22 of the borewell’s is unlikely, and data was fitted to the exponential trend of the temperature profile, considered to a non-zero water flux. This approach resulted in a comparatively better fit than the linear variation. Thus the water flux was calculated for 22 sites using the exponential variation relationship. It was found that the water flux ranges from 4 to 30 mm/year, which shows significant large variation from one location to other. It was also observed using the temperature measurements at the surface (from the temperature recorded at the meteorological station) that the temperature at depths is not affected by the variations at the surface, which confirms the reliability of vertical velocity/flow rate determination.
Status Note on Indian Attempts to Search for Meteorites in Antarctica
Authors: Swain Ashit Kumar 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The study of meteorites is gaining importance due to its importance in understanding the development of our solar system. Published data shows that out of a total of 57186 meteorites recovered from the earth, 42398 are from Antarctica. This huge contribution of Antarctic meteorites is unique to Antarctica, as it allows the preservation of meteorites and concentrates them in highly ablative stranding surfaces. These surface or meteorite traps are formed as a result of topographic obstacles to the flow of the Polar ice sheet. Large tracts of central Droning Maud Land (cDML) in East Antarctica are still unexplored for meteorites. For the benefit of the global scientific community, it is desirable to recover as many Antarctic meteorites as possible before sinking deeper into the ice as a result of the changing climate and eventually being lost to the sea. The meteorite search programme was launched in the 32nd Indian Scientific Expedition to Antarctica. The primary objective of that investigation was to conduct a preliminary survey in the vicinity of the Somovken glacier flowing between the Humboldt and the Orvin mountain ranges for the prospect of finding meteorites. The search exercise was used to gain an understanding of the science of meteorites operating in Antarctica and the meteorite concentration mechanism. It was later complimented with the micrometeorite search programme in Antarctica.
Hydrocarbon Generative Potential of Cretaceous and Jurassic Deposits in the Ahmedpur East Oilfield Subsurface, Punjab Platform, Pakistan
Authors: Shah Syed Bilawal Ali , Shah Syed Haider Ali 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Cretaceous and Jurassic deposits in the sub-surface of Ahmedpur East Oilfield, Punjab Platform, Pakistan, have been geochemically analysed. Source rock potential of three formations namely Mughal Kot and Goru (Cretaceous) and Samana Suk (Jurassic) located in Middle Indus Basin have been investigated. The formations were investigated using total organic carbon and Rock-Eval pyrolysis analysis measurements. Analysis were performed on fourteen samples from wells, having TOC 0.57-1.65 wt.%, the S2 values of the sample shows poor to fair generative potential and lies between 0.25-2.59 mg HC/g rock, HI values are generally low 37-150 mg HC/g TOC and Tmax values ranges from 417-453 ° C. The analysis shows Mughal Kot and Samana Suk formations samples have entered maturity window zone, however Goru Formation samples lies in immature zones, shown by hydrogen index vs Tmax plot. The samples from Mughal Kot and Goru formations have kerogen type III with poor generative potential, however Samana Suk Formation have fair generative potential having kerogen type III indicated by S2 vs TOC plot, hence from the results some minor gas could be expected to have been generated by Samana Suk Formation. Targeting these formations as a source rock to expel hydrocarbons involves high risk and exploration of such reserves may not be beneficial in terms of economic value.
Geoelectric Imaging to Assess Aquifer Conditions in Raipur City, Chhattisgarh, India, Using Schlumberger Method
Authors: Mondal K. C. , Jhariya D. C. , Mandal H. S. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Geoelectric imaging is carried out to assess aquifer conditions using Schlumberger soundings in Raipur city, Chhattisgarh, India. A total of 80 vertical electric soundings were conducted at different geological conditions for the entire study area. The layer parameters, resistivity, and thickness are obtained from the recorded field resistivity data through a 1-D sounding inversion software. Five geoelectric cross-sections along the east to the west, starting from north to south in the study area, are selected to overview sub-surface resistivity variation. Resistivity contour maps are prepared layer-wise for depth 10m, 30m, 50m, 70m, and 100m to understand sub-surface heterogeneity. The factor analysis technique was utilized to identify probable fracture zones. The obtained results may be useful to the researchers for pinpointing the drilling site for groundwater sustainable groundwater development and management by selecting artificial recharge sites, rainwater harvesting, and urban planning.