bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photoswitchable Topological Regulation of Covalent Macrocycles, Molecular Recognition, and Interlocked Structures
Authors: Lu Hanwei , Ye Hebo , Xin Jiafan , You Lei 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMacrocycles represent one important class of functional molecules, and dynamic macrocycles with the potential of cleavability, adaptability, and topological conversion are challenging. Herein we report photoswitchable allosteric and topological control of dynamic covalent macrocycles and further the use in guest binding and mechanically interlocked molecules. The manipulation of competing ring‐chain equilibria and bond formation/scission within reaction systems enabled light‐induced structural regulation over dithioacetal and thioacetal dynamic bonds, accordingly realizing bidirectional switching between crown ether‐like covalent macrocycles and their linear counterparts. The on‐demand photoswitchable topological transformation of macrocycles further allowed guest recognition/release exhibiting controllable binding affinity and selectivity. To showcase the capability light‐triggered assembly/disassembly of diverse mechanically interlocked structures, such as rotaxanes and catenanes, was achieved. The realization of photoswitchable topological conversion of covalent macrocycles, which has been rarely reported before, demonstrates the potential of light‐triggered reactivity control and structural reconfiguration for enhanced complexity and sophisticated function. The strategies and results should be appealing to endeavors in molecular recognition, dynamic assemblies, molecular machines, and intelligent materials.
A Conformal Transmissive Metasurface with Dual‐Band Dual‐Circularly Polarized Conversion and Low Scattering
Authors: Li Zhihao , Li Sijia , He Chengyuan , Wu Yuhao , Hu Liqiu , Zhang Zhiyun , Li Tong , Yang Huanhuan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractGenerally, the existing metasurfaces are periodically or non‐periodically planar micro‐structures, which hardly satisfy the practical applications such as stealth aircraft, carrier and so on. In order to meet the application, a conformal transmissive metasurface are proposed with multi‐function of converting linear polarization into dual‐circular polarization in dual‐band and low scattering for incidences. The metasurface composed of a non‐metallic dielectric material of polyvinyl chloride and the ultra‐thin conventional material to achieve a flexible configuration. The mechanism is illustrated by the characteristic parameters, electric field distributions, and equivalent circuit. The simulated results demonstrate that the metasurface can transform y‐polarized waves into right‐handed circularly polarized waves in 6.8–10.3 GHz and to left‐handed circularly polarized waves in 18.77–21.15 GHz, while vice versa for x‐polarized waves. Additionally, the conformal metasurface shows an excellent scattering section reduction in operational frequency and that above 10 dB can be realized as the frequency increases. A conformal metasurface sample is fabricated by the printed circuit board (PCB) and 3D printing technology, which is measured in a microwave anechoic chamber that conforms to the simulated results. The conformal transmission metasurface holds significant promise for applications in radomes and electromagnetic shielding.
A micro‐geoarchaeological investigation of a cultivation pit (maite) on Teti'aroa atoll, Central‐East Polynesia
Authors: Scorsini Elisa , Denham Tim , Dotte‐Sarout Emilie , Devos Yannick , Vrydaghs Luc , Molle Guillaume 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTCultivation pits represented the principal form of horticultural features developed by past atoll communities in Central‐East Polynesia (CEP), and they are still utilised on some atolls in Oceania. The majority of information about the use of cultivation pits in CEP derives from ethnographic and preliminary archaeological investigations. The lack of excavations with rigorous stratigraphic sampling and analyses has constrained the recovery of environmental information associated with these agro‐technical features. Using a combination of geoarchaeological techniques, including field observations, physico‐chemical analyses and soil micromorphology, this study focuses on sedimentary deposits from a cultivation pit (MAITE‐01) on Teti'aroa atoll, in the Society Islands. We demonstrate how micro‐geoarchaeological investigations can advance research and offer new interpretations to study past human interactions within environments long considered “lost causes” to detailed archaeostratigraphic interpretation. High‐resolution geoarchaeological techniques reveal details about pit construction and provide indirect evidence of the integration of human‐animal interaction into the horticultural system.
Magnetohydrodynamic Peristaltic Propulsion of Casson Nanofluids With Slip Effects Over Heterogeneous Rough Channel
Authors: Vaidya Hanumesh , Mebarek‐Oudina Fateh , Kumar Rakesh , Rajashekhar C. , Prasad Kerehalli Vinayaka , Kalal Sangeeta , Nisar Kottakkaran Sooppy 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe significance of this study is to understand the complex interplay between fluid flow and surface roughness. Modeling surface roughness adds a new dimension for examining fluid dynamics, which is essential for understanding phenomena like drag force, heat transfer, and mass transfer. In this context, the aim of the present work focuses on modeling the magnetohydrodynamic peristaltic slip flow of Casson nanofluid and analyzing the role of multiple slip effects over a non‐uniform rough channel. A novel rough non‐uniform model is effectively governed by a set of nonlinear coupled governing partial differential equations, which are simplified under long wavelength and creeping flow approximations. The resulting simplified equations are solved numerically using Mathematica's built‐in ND‐Solve tool. The study primarily examines the velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles graphically for various pertinent physiological parameters. Additionally, engineering interests like skin friction coefficients, Nusselt numbers, and Sherwood numbers are reported in tabular form, revealing intrinsic flow oscillations. The results are further explored by analyzing pressure drop, friction force, and bolus shapes created by the sinusoidal motion of the fluid. Such insights are vital for comprehending internal fluctuations during peristaltic transport. In summary, skin friction and Nusselt numbers are typically higher for rough versus smooth surfaces. Also, roughness induces stresses, conductive‐convective heat transfer, and viscous effects. Further, magnetically activated rough surfaces and nanoparticle interactions create flux balances. Magnetic effects reduce bolus size due to resistive forces. The findings of this study have important applications in biomedical engineering, aerospace engineering, heat transfer enhancement, and environmental remediation.
Dysregulation of Myelination in Focal Cortical Dysplasia Type II of the Human Frontal Lobe
Authors: Donkels Catharina , Häussler Ute , Huber Susanne , Tiesmeyer Nina , Demerath Theo , Scheiwe Christian , Shah Mukesch J. , Heers Marcel , Urbach Horst , Schulze‐Bonhage Andreas , Prinz Marco , Vlachos Andreas , Beck Jürgen , Nakagawa Julia M. , Haas Carola A. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTFocal cortical dysplasias (FCDs) are local malformations of the human neocortex and a leading cause of intractable epilepsy. FCDs are classified into different subtypes including FCD IIa and IIb, characterized by a blurred gray‐white matter boundary or a transmantle sign indicating abnormal white matter myelination. Recently, we have shown that myelination is also compromised in the gray matter of FCD IIa of the temporal lobe. Since myelination is key for brain function, which is imbalanced in epilepsy, in the current study, we investigated myelination in the gray matter of FCD IIa and IIb from the frontal lobe on the morphological, ultrastructural, and transcriptional level. We found that FCD IIa presents with an ordinary radial myelin fiber pattern, but with a reduced thickness of myelin sheaths of 500–1000 nm thick axons in comparison to FCD IIb and with an attenuation of the myelin synthesis machinery. In contrast, FCD IIb showed an irregular and disorganized myelination pattern covering an enlarged area in comparison to FCD IIa and controls and with increased numbers of myelinating oligodendrocytes (OLs). FCD IIb had significantly thicker myelin sheaths of large caliber axons (above 1000 nm) when compared to FCD IIa. Accordingly, FCD IIb showed a significant up‐regulation of myelin‐associated mRNAs in comparison to FCD IIa and enhanced binding capacities of the transcription factor MYRF to target sites in myelin‐associated genes. These data indicate that FCD IIa and IIb are characterized by a differential dysregulation of myelination in the gray matter of the frontal lobe.
An Intercomparison of DOC Estimated From fDOM Sensors in Wildfire Affected Streams of the Western United States
Authors: Akie Garrett A. , Clow David W. , Murphy Sheila F. , Clark Gregory D. , Meador Michael R. , Ebel Brian A. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTWildfires in the western United States (US) have been demonstrated to affect water quality, including dissolved organic carbon (DOC), in streams. Elevated post‐wildfire DOC concentration poses a potential risk to drinking water treatment systems. In‐stream measurements of fluorescent dissolved organic matter (fDOM), a proxy for DOC, have shown potential to detect dynamic changes in DOC. High frequency monitoring of water temperature, turbidity, and fDOM was used in conjunction with discrete sampling during targeted storm events and at fixed intervals to estimate DOC in five western US streams following wildfires in 2020 and 2021 with the objective to characterise and compare responses to wildfire among sites. The elevated turbidity conditions typical after wildfire presented a challenge to fDOM measurements and there was a need to identify appropriate turbidity corrections at burned sites. A combination of established and novel methods corrected fDOM concentrations for turbidity effects up to 800 Formazin nephelometric units (FNU). Pre‐wildfire high frequency water quality data in adjacent burned and unburned watersheds allowed for separation of climate effects on DOC at one of the sites. Hydrology, climate and landcover were more important drivers of post‐wildfire DOC yield than wildfire characteristics. Seasonal patterns of DOC were unchanged by wildfire in snowmelt‐driven watersheds. Large, transient spikes in DOC concentration following frontal and convective storms were observed post‐wildfire at all burned sites, but not at the unburned site. These spikes often exceeded operational thresholds for drinking water treatment. This study highlights the ability to develop high frequency DOC estimates in surface waters up to 800 FNU using fDOM sensors and targeted storm sampling and emphasises the value of high frequency pre‐wildfire data in adjacent burned and unburned watersheds for separating climate and wildfire effects.
Single‐center off‐label benralizumab use for refractory hypereosinophilic syndrome demonstrates satisfactory safety and efficacy
Authors: Veltman Yvonne , Aalbers Anna M. , Hermans Maud A. W. , Mutsaers Pim G. N. J. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIntroductionBenralizumab is an interleukin 5‐receptor‐blocking drug registered for the treatment of eosinophilic asthma. It has proven efficient and safe in a small phase‐II trial in hypereosinophilic syndrome and is currently being investigated in a larger, randomized phase‐III trial. We report on real‐world experience with benralizumab in 15 patients with severe Hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) that were refractory to other treatments or on unacceptable steroid doses.MethodsFifteen patients with severe HES were treated with compassionate need benralizumab. The measured endpoints were a reduction in peripheral eosinophil count, a reduction of corticosteroid use, adverse events, and clinical response.ResultsAll subgroups of HES were represented in this cohort and in the case of reactive HES, treatment of the primary cause did not lead to resolution of the eosinophilia. The median time of follow‐up was 38 months. Twelve patients reached a normalized peripheral eosinophil count (< 0.05 × 109/L), while the remaining three patients also had a significant reduction from baseline.Of the eight patients initially treated with steroids, five patients were off steroids completely, and three patients had reduced dosages. Eight patients experienced complete symptom resolution, and five partial resolution. No serious adverse events were observed.ConclusionIn conclusion, benralizumab is safe and effective for the treatment of HES.
Topiramate treatment of pediatric metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease: A descriptive cohort study
Authors: Kohut Taisa , Tou Andrea , Carr Emily , Xanthakos Stavra , Arce‐Clachar Ana Catalina , Fawaz Rima , Valentino Pamela L. , Panganiban Jennifer , Mouzaki Marialena 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundMetabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a common disease in children. Lifestyle modification is the primary treatment but difficult to achieve and maintain. Topiramate is a component of an approved weight loss medication (topiramate‐phentermine) in children aged 12 years and older but is more commonly used as a single agent, off‐label, for pediatric obesity. Our aim is to describe change in anthropometrics and laboratory values while providing topiramate treatment of pediatric MASLD.MethodsDescriptive cohort study including patients aged <18 years with MASLD and body mass index (BMI) >95th percentile treated with topiramate for weight loss for ≥3 months from January 1, 2010, to December 30, 2023. The primary outcome was change in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels from baseline to 3–6 months. Secondary outcomes were changes in BMI z score, glycated hemoglobin, and lipid profile.ResultsOf 43 patients prescribed topiramate, 11 were excluded for nonadherence, leaving 32 (56% boys, 72% non‐Hispanic) for further analyses. With topiramate, ALT levels improved (76 vs 50 U/L, p = 0.001). Further, 43% of patients had either ALT normalization or reduction by >50% from baseline. BMI z score decreased by 0.1 from baseline to 3–6 months. There were no improvements in glycated hemoglobin or lipids. Eight patients (25%) reported mild side effects.ConclusionTopiramate, as an adjunct to lifestyle intervention, may be considered in the treatment of pediatric MASLD, specifically in the context of failed lifestyle modification and inability to tolerate or qualify for other obesity pharmacotherapy.
Pros and cons of sub‐specialisation in orthopaedics and traumatology—Is the general orthopaedic and trauma surgeon a relic of the past?
Authors: Ostojic Marko , Hakam Hassan Tarek , Sabalic Srecko , Indelli Pier Francesco , Hirschmann Michael T. , Jelic Mislav , Allington Nanni , Limb David , Becker Roland 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe evolution of orthopaedics has witnessed a pronounced shift from generalist practice to subspecialisation, a trend that has fundamentally reshaped the field over the past century. Originally, orthopaedic surgeons were trained to address a broad spectrum of musculoskeletal conditions. However, increasing complexity and specialization in knowledge have driven a progressive narrowing of focus within orthopaedics. This editorial explores the rise of subspecialty training and fellowship programs in orthopaedics, particularly in North America, where over 90% of orthopaedic surgeons now pursue subspecialty fellowships. While subspecialisation has improved surgical outcomes and created experts in specific anatomical regions and techniques, it has also led to challenges. Surgeons with highly focused expertise may face difficulties in managing conditions outside their niche, and subspecialisation may inadvertently limit comprehensive patient care, especially for those with complex, multi‐faceted needs. The career paths of orthopaedic trainees are increasingly shaped by both personal interests and market demands, with subspecialists seeking greater professional and economic benefits. Additionally, orthopaedic training models in Europe vary, further complicating a unified approach to subspecialisation. This editorial calls for a balanced perspective that values both subspecialty excellence and the broad‐based skills of orthopaedic generalists, particularly as the future of generalist orthopaedic practice faces uncertainty amidst ongoing subspecialisation trends.
Thin flap sulcus‐deepening trochleoplasty in patellar instability yields good functional outcomes without progressive cartilage deterioration in the short‐term follow‐up—A retrospective single‐surgeon cohort study
Authors: Frings Jannik , Janssen Eva , Krause Matthias , Frosch Karl‐Heinz , Vettorazzi Eik , Weiler Andreas , Schmeling Arno 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPurposeSulcus‐deepening trochleoplasty (TP) effectively treats patellofemoral (PF) instability (PFI) caused by high‐grade trochlear dysplasia (TD), but current evidence is based on small case series. We hypothesised, that TP would result in significant functional improvements and a low re‐dislocation rate but would not accelerate the progression of PF cartilage deterioration.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed all TP cases performed by a single surgeon between 2015 and 2021. Inclusion criteria were postoperative Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) >6 and >12 months and a clinical follow‐up >12 months. Patients with simultaneous cartilage repair, open physes or incomplete records were excluded. Clinical outcomes were assessed using pre‐ and postoperative scores, postoperative Banff Patellofemoral Instability Instrument (BPII) 2.0 and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), re‐dislocation rate and patient satisfaction. PF cartilage was evaluated via Area Measurement and Depth & Underlying Structures (AMADEUS) scores preoperatively, at 6 months and at the final follow‐up.ResultsWe included 113 patients (25.8 ± 8.3 years) with high‐grade TD (Dejour B–D; mean lateral inclination angle: −2.9 ± 9.1°), 85% of whom had advanced cartilage lesions. All underwent TP, lateral retinacular lengthening (LRL) and medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction (MPFL‐R). After 34.8 ± 20.9 months, function, pain levels and Tegner scores improved significantly (p < 0.001). KOOS dimensions were: symptoms 79.9 ± 13.5, pain 86.4 ± 12.1, activity 91.9 ± 8.3, sports 71.7 ± 22.2 and quality‐of‐life 58.1 ± 23.8. BPII 2.0 was 64.3 ± 31.4. Preoperative AMADEUS scores (55.2 ± 17.4) remained stable at 6 months (p = 0.343) but improved to 58.4 ± 16.0 at 28.6 (12–89) months (p = 0.004). Complication and re‐dislocation rates were 5.3% and 1.8%, with 93% patient satisfaction.ConclusionSulcus‐deepening TP with MPFL‐R and LRL yields good to excellent short‐term results without progressive chondral deterioration, enabling patients to return to their prior or higher activity levels despite advanced preoperative chondral lesions. TP can be considered a safe, joint‐preserving technique for PF stabilisation.Level of EvidenceLevel III, retrospective cohort study.
High‐grade trochlear dysplasia increases patellofemoral joint pressure and decreases the knee extension torque, and tibial tubercle anteriorisation does not correct these effects: Biomechanical study in vitro
Authors: Dan Michael , Moralidou Maria , Kuder Isabelle , van Arkel Richard J. , Dejour David , Amis Andrew A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPurposeHigh‐grade femoral trochlear dysplasia is associated with anterior knee pain, patellar maltracking, instability and the development of osteoarthritis. Scientific studies have signified the importance of trochlear resection on the knee extensor mechanism, and dysplasia can be addressed by a groove‐deepening trochleoplasty. Alternatively, tibial tubercle anteriorisation has been proposed to reduce patellofemoral joint (PFJ) pressure and alleviate pain from osteoarthritis. However, the relative contributions of articular changes in the sagittal and axial planes remain unknown. This study aimed to better understand the effect of these different osteotomies, that alter the sagittal plane geometry, on PFJ biomechanics.MethodsSeven cadaveric knees were used to measure the following factors: (1) PFJ contact pressure; (2) Knee extension torque (KET); and (3) Patellar kinematics at 60°, 45°, 30°, 15° and 0° of knee flexion among four different osteotomy states: native, anteriorised trochlea, combined anteriorised trochlea and anteriorised tibial tubercle, and anteriorised tibial tubercle. Analysis was made using a two‐way repeated‐measures analysis of variance.ResultsAnteriorising the trochlea increased mean PFJ contact pressures ×2.9 at 0° (p = 0.024) and ×2.2 (p = 0.029) at 15° flexion compared to the native state. Peak pressures increased ×4.9 at 0° and ×3.3 at 15° (n.s.). Anteriorising the trochlea reduced KET 18% (p = 0.001) at 40° flexion and 19% (p = 0.009) at 50°. The patella was anteriorised 8 mm in the extended knee (p < 0.001) and flexed 8° at 45° knee flexion (p < 0.001) compared to the native state. Elevating the tibial tubercle, alone or combined with an anteriorised trochlea, did not have a significant effect on the respective outcome measurements.ConclusionAn anteriorised trochlea elevated PFJ contact pressure, reduced KET and altered patellar position during knee flexion/extension movement, while a tibial tubercle anteriorisation had a negligible opposite effect. These findings indicate that symptoms associated with high grade trochlear dysplasia may be addressed better at the trochlea, rather than at the tibial tubercle.Level of EvidenceBasic science.
Randomized Algorithms for Multilinear UTV Decomposition
Authors: Liu Guimin , Zhao Ruijuan , Zheng Bing , Yang Fanyin 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTTruncated multilinear UTV decomposition (TMLUTVD) is an efficient method to extract the most dominant features of a given tensor in various practical applications, such as tensor tracking. However, the computation of TMLUTVD can be time‐consuming, especially for large‐scale data. Randomized methods are known for their ability to reduce computational costs, particularly when dealing with the low‐rank approximation of large tensors. Therefore, in this paper, we develop randomized algorithms for computing the multilinear UTV decomposition. Specifically, we propose randomized versions of TMLUTVD using randomized sampling schemes and the power method technique, which is an extension of the existing randomized matrix method. They are more efficient when applied to very large datasets compared with deterministic methods, and a detailed probabilistic error analysis of these algorithms is provided. We further introduce two novel variants of these randomized algorithms, based on distinct computational challenges inherent in processing large‐scale datasets. The first variant can adaptively find a low‐rank representation that satisfies a given tolerance when the target rank is not known in advance. The second variant preserves the original tensor structure and is particularly effective for managing large‐scale sparse tensors that are challenging to load into memory. Some numerical results are presented to illustrate the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed methods.