bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geometric and Constitutive Modeling of MgO–C Refractories Based on Recyclates for Thermomechanical Simulations
Authors: Gopi Jishnu Vinayak , Roth Stephan , Kiefer Bjoern 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTRefractories are polycrystalline, porous, heterogeneous, and nonmetallic materials utilized as protective liners in high‐temperature manufacturing processes. Microscopic and mechanical characterization studies of MgO–C refractories in the literature show a strong correlation between the underlying microstructure and the thermomechanical response of these materials. The present study focuses on developing a simulation tool that evaluates the thermomechanical behavior of recycled refractories, specifically the influence of microstructural features on their thermal shock resistance. In contrast to prior methodologies, the intricate and heterogeneous microstructure of MgO–C is conceptualized as a three‐phase composite comprising coarse magnesia aggregates, graphite flakes, and an effective matrix. The homogenized matrix material is presumed to consist of fine magnesia, carbonaceous binders, additives, and pores, which are not spatially resolved in the current approach. Using open‐access Python packages, a preprocessing tool with a graphical user interface (GUI) is developed to synthetically generate an idealized 2D microstructure representation from statistical data, such as particle size distributions and phase volume fractions. According to the current hypothesis and experimental findings, the principal mechanism of damage in these materials involves the debonding of phase interfaces due to thermally induced stresses. This interface damage is modeled using the cohesive zone approach. Basic hot thermal shock simulations are performed employing the synthetically generated microstructure to investigate the influences of thermal expansion coefficient mismatches and thermal gradients on the local interface damage.
Toward Equitable Access to Psychosocial Screening in Canada: Validation of the French–Canadian Psychosocial Assessment Tool
Authors: Trudel Émilie , Ogez David , Sultan Serge , Brunier Lisa‐Sarah , Bernier Pascal , Charrette Marie‐Claude , Rondeau Émélie , Desjardins Leandra 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe Psychosocial Assessment Tool (PAT) is a brief caregiver report, family‐centered, psychosocial risk screening tool widely used in pediatrics and available in many languages. Although French is an official language of Canada, a French–Canadian version of the PAT has not yet been validated, which impedes access to this tool for family psychosocial screening. This study aimed to translate, adapt as necessary, and validate the French–Canadian version of the PAT.MethodsThe PAT 3.0 was translated into French using the forward–backwards method. Interviews with healthcare workers (n = 5) and a focus group of parents of children newly diagnosed with cancer (n = 4) led to minor modifications to improve cultural adaptation and comprehensibility. Subsequently, 66 French‐speaking parents of children newly diagnosed with cancer participated in a quantitative validation study; completing the French–Canadian PAT and related caregiver measures.ResultsThe French–Canadian PAT has an overall internal consistency of KR‐20 = 0.64, with subscales ranging from 0.57 to 0.86. The total PAT score significantly correlated with the Distress Thermometer (r = 0.54). Congruent validity was demonstrated for most PAT subscales, except for Family Beliefs and Family Problems. The sample followed this distribution on the Pediatric Psychosocial Preventative Health Model: 21.2% universal, 53% targeted, and 25.8% clinical.ConclusionThe French–Canadian PAT provides insight into family psychosocial risk. This study is a step toward equitable access to care by providing French‐speaking families with access to a tool aligned with the psychosocial standards of care in pediatric oncology. Future research should focus on implementing the PAT in Canadian clinical settings.
Enhancing mechanical properties of CFRP with oriented nickel plated short carbon fibers in a magnetic field
Authors: Liang Jiyong , Yue Qingrui , Liu Xiaogang , Li Na 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn this work, Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) flocked with oriented nickel plated short carbon fibers (Ni@SCFs) in a magnetic field was fabricated to investigate the effect of Ni@SCFs orientation on mechanical properties in CFRP. The interlaminar shear, mode I interlaminar fracture toughness (GIC), tensile, and flexural properties of CFRP were investigated, and the mechanism of interlaminar failure in composites was analyzed. The results demonstrate that the incorporation of a small amount of oriented Ni@SCFs into adjacent layers significantly enhances the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) and GIC of CFRP. Specifically, the ILSS of flocked composites with oriented Ni@SCFs increases by approximately 20% compared to non‐flocked composites. Additionally, the shear failure ductility of flocked composites also increases by 125%. The initiation and propagation GIC values exhibit increases of 56% and 68%, respectively. Moreover, it has been noted that the tensile and flexural properties of the composites incorporating oriented Ni@SCFs in this study exhibit a slight enhancement compared to their non‐flocked counterparts. The oriented Ni@SCFs play a pivotal role in mitigating crack propagation through the fiber bridging mechanism under the shear stress of the composite.Highlights
Ni@SCFs are positioned at different vertical angles across successive layers.
The orientated Ni@SCFs substantially boosts the ILSS and GIC.
The tensile and flexural properties of CFRP exhibit a slight enhancement with orientated Ni@SCFs.
Thermal conductivity and heat transfer mechanism of epoxy composites constructing by carbon fiber felt with three‐dimensional layered structure
Authors: Shi Shanshan , Jiang Tao , Cao Shuai , Gui Xiaofan , Wang Ying , Li Yifan , Yu Wei , Lin Donghai , Xie Huaqing , Li Xiaofeng , Li Wenge , Sun Kai , Yu Jinhong , Wu Xinfeng 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe preparation of lightweight polymer‐based composites with high thermal conductivity is an urgent requirement for thermal management applications. In this work, carbon fiber felt (CFF) with three‐dimensional (3D) layered structure was firstly prepared based on papermaking method. Then, high in‐plane thermal conductivity (TC) Epoxy resin/graphitized carbon fiber felt (Epoxy/G‐CFF) composites were prepared by graphitized CFF with different layers under vacuum assistance. The effect of graphitization on the thermal property was investigated, and the practical heat transfer behavior was analyzed. The results show that the Epoxy/G‐CFF composites exhibit the highest in‐plane thermal conductivity of 1.88 W/mK at 8.5 wt% loading, which is 889.47% higher than that of pure Epoxy. It represents the achievement of enhancing the thermal performance of polymer‐based composites with low additions. More importantly, the composites still exhibit low density and strong thermal management capability. This suggests that Epoxy/G‐CFF composites have promising applications in the thermal management field.Highlights
The carbon fiber felt (CFF) with three‐dimensional (3D) layered structure was firstly prepared based on papermaking method.
The graphitization process significantly increases the grain size and shortens the layer spacing, contributing to the comprehensive properties of G‐CFF.
The Epoxy/G‐CFF composites exhibit the highest in‐plane thermal conductivity of 1.88 W/mK at 8.5 wt% loading.
Optimizing Lithium Battery Interface: Room Temperature Diels‐Alder Cross‐Linked In Situ Gel Electrolyte Inhibits Lithium Dendrite Growth
Authors: Kasimu Aihemaiti , Hao Tianwei , Ruan Wenhong , Zhang Mingqiu 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn situ gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) are promising for lithium metal batteries due to their high ionic conductivity (≈ 10−3 S cm−1) and outstanding compatibility with electrode interface. However, challenges such as initiator and monomer residue, high initiation temperatures, and low mechanical properties hinder their development. To address these challenges, a low‐temperature, catalyst‐free method utilizing the Diels‐Alder reaction between fulvene and maleimide is proposed, offering a by‐product‐free solution. With this method, a GPE was prepared through the Diels‐Alder reaction between PEG‐fulvene and bismaleimide diphenylmethane (BMI), using lithium‐sulfur electrolyte (1.0 M LiTFSI in DOL (1,3‐dioxolane): DME (Dimethoxyethane) = 1:1 vol% with 1.0% LiNO3) as the solvent. The in situ GPE demonstrates an ionic conductivity of up to 1.11 mS cm−1 at 30°C and maintains stable cycling for 2000 h at a current density of 0.1 mA cm−2. Furthermore, the formation of lithium dendrites is effectively suppressed. The discharge capacity of the LFP/GPE/Li battery was 118.9 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles at 0.5C, with a capacity retention of 88.20%. These results demonstrate that the in situ GPE has excellent capacity retention and cycle life, making the catalyst‐free crosslinking strategy at room temperature a new plan for preparing in situ GPE.
Spaces of Encounter: The Relationship Between Amenities and Visitor Diversity
Authors: Hołubowska Olena , Poorthuis Ate 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTUrban experiences are shaped by daily activities that often extend beyond residential areas, leading to opportunities for encounters with people different from us in various contexts. Such encounters can subsequently influence attitudes towards those groups, which is critical in the diverse environments of modern cities. This study explores how neighbourhoods with varying types of amenities facilitate intergroup mixing among individuals of different income levels and migration backgrounds. Using data from OpenStreetMap to characterise neighbourhoods by their amenities and mobility patterns derived from mobile phone app data of 204,567 residents of Auckland, New Zealand, we quantify the relationship between intergroup mixing and the types of amenities, or more particularly ‘spaces of encounter’, that a neighbourhood offers. Our findings reveal distinct characteristics between spaces that promote income mixing versus those that foster migration background mixing. Spaces promoting income mixing tend to have more consumption‐oriented amenities (such as bars and restaurants) and fewer shops, whereas spaces promoting mixing between migrants and locals feature more places of worship and fewer institutional settings. These insights underscore the important role that specific spaces of encounter might play within our neighbourhoods and thus carry implications for urban planning and policy aimed at enhancing social cohesion.
The capability of 20th‐century reanalyses to reproduce the spatiotemporal variation in surface incident solar radiation over Japan for 1931–2010
Authors: Liu Han , Li Ying , Liang LingJun , Ma Qian 
Published: December 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the spatiotemporal variations in surface incident solar radiation (Rs), especially over longer time spans, is crucial for climate modeling and environmental assessment. This study, referring to the century‐long homogenized Rs measurements, comprehensively quantifies the ability of five 20th‐century reanalyses phenomena to estimate Rs over Japan for 1931–2010, and furthermore assesses the contributions of total cloud cover and vapor pressure to the biases in Rs trends. Dominant features revealed that Rs signals boost from the north to the south, which could be captured but is overestimated by all reanalyses. The dominant time evolution of Rs was well captured by CERA20C, followed by ERA20C and 20CRv3, corresponding to their relatively better performance cloud cover. Unfortunately, ERA20CM totally fails to reproduce the spatiotemporal variation in Rs as its procedure does not include an assimilation step. 20CRv2c fails in estimating Rs for 1931–1960, but improves much for 1961–2010 as the quality of assimilated observational variables becomes better. A dimming of −2.76 W·m−2·decade−1 for 1931–1960 was detected in the observed Rs, which could be reproduced by CERA20C and ERA20C. Afterwards, a brightening of 0.88 W·m−2·decade−1 for 1961–2010 was shown in observations, and all reanalyses fail. The trend bias of Rs in CERA20C attributes more to total cloud cover before 1960, and to aerosols or other factors after 1960. Cloud cover contributed more than vapor pressure to the trend bias of Rs for 1931–1960; vapor pressure became more important in regulating Rs for 1961–2010 than for 1931–1960. The combined effects of both factors on Rs are insignificant for 20CRv3 during the entire period, for 20CRv2c for 1931–1960 and for CERA20C for 1961–2010, suggesting other factors, such as aerosols, cloud types, cloud optical depth and their interactions may impact Rs simulations more and this calls for further investigation.
Characterization of Active Compounds in Sanhuang Shu'ai Decoction for the Management of Ulcerative Colitis: A UHPLC‐MS Study
Authors: Liu Amei , Zhong Muxiao , Han Zhenglan , Yan Yuxiang , Zhang Dengke , Wang Xiaoying , Wang Mingjun , Zou Yidan , Zhang Jingping 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe effectiveness of Sanhuang Shu'ai decoction (SSD), a traditional Chinese medicine used to treat diarrhea and colitis, especially ulcerative colitis (UC), is not well understood regarding how its chemical components work.MethodsThis research used ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC)–tandem mass spectrometry (MS), network pharmacology, and molecular docking to understand the active substances and potential mechanisms of SSD in treating UC.ResultsUHPLC and MS analyses identified 710 active components in SSD extracts (ZYTQY) and 387 in SSD‐containing serum (HYXQ), with 35 active compounds found in both ZYTQY and HYXQ and 67 active compounds from SSDD (SSD compound obtained directly from the database), along with 6 metabolites that may be key components in its function. Subsequently, we used PubChem, DrugBank, and TTD to identify 108 potential targets from SSDD, and 27 hub genes were found by constructing the PPI network. GO and KEGG pathway analyses confirmed that SSDD may be effective in treating UC through the PI3K/AKT and HIF‐1 signaling pathways. The pathway analysis of 4 metabolites in SSD highlights the continued importance of the PI3K/AKT pathway. Molecular docking and simulations indicate that baicalein, oroxylin A, quercetin, and wogonin may aid in treating UC by regulating the MAPK3 and NFKB1 genes. Baicalein interacts with several specific targets, including EGFR, MAPK1, MAPK3, NFKB1, PTGS2, and TP53.ConclusionsSSD treats UC through various compounds and pathways targeting multiple areas, whereas baicalein specifically promotes intestinal repair in UC by modulating EGFR‐PI3K/AKT/NFκB, EGFR/PI3K/AKT‐/TP53, and EGFR/PI3K/A KT/MAPK signaling pathways.
FREDA: A Web Application for the Processing, Analysis, and Visualization of Fourier‐Transform Mass Spectrometry Data
Authors: Degnan David J. , Claborne Daniel M. , White Amanda M. , Akers Sarah M. , Winans Natalie M. , Corilo Yuri E. , Strauch Clayton W. , Bailey Vanessa L. , McCue Lee Ann , Stratton Kelly G. , Bramer Lisa M. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTRationaleThe high‐resolution measurement capability of Fourier‐transform mass spectrometry (FT‐MS) has made it a necessity for exploring the molecular composition of complex organic mixtures, like soil, plant, aquatic, and petroleum samples. This demand has driven a need for informatics tools to explore and analyze FT‐MS data in a robust and reproducible manner.MethodsFREDA is an interactive web application developed to enable spectrometrists to format, process, and explore their FT‐MS data without the need for statistical programming expertise. FREDA was built to explore outputs from a molecular identification tool, like CoreMS, and provide a suite of methods to filter data, compute chemical properties of peaks, statistically compare samples and groups of samples, conduct exploratory data analysis, and download the results with a report detailing all steps conducted.ResultsTo demonstrate the utility of FREDA, an example analysis was conducted using FT‐MS data from a soil microbiology study of samples collected in two different soil depths at the Sphagnum bog forest north of Grand Rapids, Minnesota. Differences between the two depths are observed using Kendrick, Gibbs free energy, and van Krevelen plots. G‐tests are used to quantify a significant difference between the groups. All analyses and plotting are conducted using only the FREDA application.ConclusionsFREDA is an open‐source and readily available web application that allows users to explore and make statistically valid conclusions about their FT‐MS data. The application is available online (https://map.emsl.pnnl.gov/app/freda) with a tutorial web series (https://youtu.be/k5HLE2kNSBY?si=yB6sGoyvzxrFf5MP) and freely accessible code on Github (https://github.com/EMSL‐Computing/FREDA).
Hybrid Metric‐Topological Localization for Robots in Pipe Networks
Authors: Worley Rob , Anderson Sean R. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAccurate, reliable, and efficient robot localization is essential for long‐term autonomous robotic inspection of buried pipe networks. It is necessary for path planning and for locating detected faults in the network. This paper proposes a novel localization algorithm designed for limited, high‐uncertainty sensing in network environments. The localization method is developed from the Viterbi algorithm, which efficiently searches for the most likely robot trajectory amongst multiple hypotheses. It is augmented to facilitate hybrid metric‐topological localization, and it is improved to efficiently spend computation on useful points in time. Results using field robot data from a sewer network demonstrate the algorithm's practical applicability, as the algorithm is shown to robustly produce a coherent trajectory estimate with low error in estimated location, compared with a particle filter alternative that incorrectly jumps between parts of the network. Results using simulated data demonstrate the algorithm's robust performance at large spatial and temporal scales. In 79% of trajectories, the algorithm produces less error than a particle filter, while requiring a median of 0.18 times the computation time, demonstrating a substantial improvement in computational efficiency with comparable or superior accuracy. The flexibility of the algorithm is also demonstrated in simulation by incorporating measurements representing acoustic echo sensing and pipe gradient sensing, which is shown to reduce the error rate from 28% to 7% or below, in the case of large uncertainty in all other inputs. These results demonstrate that the proposed localization method improves the computational efficiency, accuracy, and robustness of localization compared to a particle filter specialized to the pipe environment, even in the presence of limited and high‐uncertainty sensing.
Biochar‐Amended Soils: A Water‐Saving Strategy for Quinoa Cultivation in the Andes
Authors: Condori‐Ataupillco Tatiana , Flores‐Marquez Ricardo , Quispe Kenyi , Quispe‐Rodriguez Juan , Velásquez‐Mantari José , Solórzano‐Acosta Richard 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionPrevious studies showed that biochar amended soils significantly enhanced the growth and yield of quinoa under water limitations. So it becomes an emerging agronomic strategy to consider for sustainable quinoa production. Biochar can specifically be considered for the area particularly receiving low annual rainfall and more vulnerable to current climate change conditions.Materials and MethodsA field experiment was conducted using the quinoa variety INIA 415 Pasankalla, employing a factorial design to assess the effects of different application rates of biochar made of municipal pruning waste and agricultural waste (0, 1, 2, and 3 t·ha⁻¹), and three irrigation intervals (irrigation every 5 days, irrigation every 10 days, and irrigation every 15 days). The volumetric soil moisture content, the soil hydraulic properties, and quinoa's biometric characteristics and yield components were evaluated.ResultsThe results indicated that the longest irrigation intervals (10 and 15 days) resulted in soil moisture levels between 19% and 40% below the wilting point (soil matric potential: −1.5 MPa), creating water stress conditions. However, biochar application increased the field capacity from 0.31 to 0.38 g H₂O g⁻¹ soil, raised soil air content from 22% to 29% at irrigation, and promoted the quinoa's soil water absorption below the wilting point. Furthermore, the application of 3 t·ha⁻¹ of biochar significantly enhanced quinoa yield, increasing it from 3.18 to 4.22 t·ha⁻¹, along with improvements in leaf area, total biomass, root length, and panicle length by 70.74%, 76.54%, 14.34%, and 16.55%, respectively.ConclusionsIt was concluded that a 3 t·ha⁻¹ biochar application mitigated the negative effects of water stress caused by prolonged irrigation intervals. This biochar treatment improved the soil's physical properties and enabled the quinoa variety INIA 415 Pasankalla to achieve yields close to its theoretical productive potential.
Energy‐Aware Protocol Design and Evaluation of the PHY Layer in Satellite IoT
Authors: Heine Simon , Hofmann Christian A. , Knopp Andreas 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTDirect‐to‐satellite communication for the Internet of Things (IoT) has attracted significant interest from both the scientific community and major telecommunications players. The integration of satellite connectivity in smartphones and IoT devices promises a transformative impact on critical applications such as environmental monitoring, asset tracking, agriculture, and nature conservation. These applications require reliable and energy‐efficient technologies for transmitting sensor data from regions without terrestrial networks, necessitating robust design of waveforms and protocols. This work investigates the most suitable IoT protocols for direct‐to‐satellite communication, emphasizing overhead, spectral, and energy efficiency. By introducing a framework and evaluation metrics that incorporate physical layer overhead into the evaluation, a comprehensive analysis of the effective energy efficiency in satellite IoT systems is conducted. Our findings highlight substantial differences among the Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) protocols. Consequently, we propose a new classification for the most energy‐efficient protocols, termed Massive Multiple Access very Low Power Wide Area Networks (MMA‐vLPWANs). This classification aims to streamline the selection process for energy‐conscious satellite IoT waveforms for deployments in remote areas. The results not only advance the understanding of protocol efficiency in satellite IoT communications but also offer a guideline for optimizing power usage in IoT devices, extending their operational life and enhancing their utility in inaccessible regions.