bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PEMANFAATAN LARVA BLACKxSOLDIER FLY (HERMETIA ILLUCENS) SEBAGAI PEREDUKSI SAMPAH ORGANIK DENGAN VARIASI JENIS SAMPAH DAN FREKUENSI FEEDING
Authors: Firdausy Muhammad Abrar , Mizwar Andy , Firmansyah Muhammad , Fazriansyah Muhammad 
Published: November 2021

Sampah sudah menjadi persoalan serius bagi masyarakat. Produksi sampah di dunia semakin meningkat, sedangkan laju pengurangan sampah lebih kecil dari pada laju produksinya, hal ini menyebabkan sampah semakin menumpuk. Berbagai upaya pemanfaatan sampah organik dengan teknologi baru telah dilakukan, salah satunya dengan memanfaatkan larva Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens). Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menganalisis besar persentase kemampuan larva BSF dalam mereduksi sampah organik sayuran/buah-buahan dan lauk. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode percobaan skala laboratorium. Sampah organik yang digunakan sebagai sampel adalah sampah yang berasal dari sampah makanan khususnya sampah sayuran/buah-buahan dan lauk dengan frekuensi feeding sekali dalam 3 hari. Analisis data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 2 kali replikasi (pengulangan) dan metode analisis yang digunakan adalah Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Berdasarkan penelitian ini, persentase terbesar reduksi sampah oleh larva BSF sebesar 74% dan berdasarkan persentase yang diperoleh ditentukan bahwa variasi jenis sampah sayuran/buah-buahan dengan frekuensi feeding sekali dalam 3 hari lebih efektif untuk menghasilkan persentase reduksi sampah yang optimal. Kata kunci: frekuensi feeding, jenis sampah, larva BSF, reduksi sampah organik. Waste has become a serious problem for the community. Waste production in the world is increasing, while the rate of waste reduction is smaller than the rate of production, this causes waste to accumulate more. Various efforts to use organic waste with new technology have been carried out, one of which is by utilizing the larvae ofxBlack Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens). The purpose of this study was to analyze the large percentage of BSF larvae' ability in reducing organic waste of vegetables/fruits and side dishes. This research was conducted by laboratory-scale experimental method. Organic waste used as a sample is garbage derived from food waste, especially vegetable / fruit waste and side dishes with feeding frequency once every 3 days. Data analysis used in this study is Complete RandomIzedxDesign (RAL) with 2 times replication (repetition) and the analysis method used is Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Based on this study, the largest percentage of waste reduction by BSF larvae is 74% and based on the percentage obtained it is determined that variations in the type of vegetable/fruit waste with feeding frequency once in 3 days are more effective to produce an optimal percentage of waste reduction. Keyword: BSF larvae, feeding frequency, reduction of organic waste, types of waste.
KOMBINASI PROSES KOAGULASI-FLOKULASI DENGAN SEQUENCHING BATCH REACTOR UNTUK MENURUNKAN KANDUNGAN ORGANIK PADA LIMBAH BATIK
Authors: Hendrasarie Novirina , R Firra , Kokoh Raden H , Andika Andika 
Published: November 2021

Limbah batik memiliki kandungan organik dan warna, yang sulit untuk digredasi. Tujuan penelitian ini mengembangkan teknologi Sequenching Batch Reactor (SBR) yang dimodifikasi dengan adsorben dari tempurung kelapa dan bamboo. Konsentrasi limbah batik awal, untuk COD sebesar 1965 mg/L, warna 1603 mg/L, TSS 1140 mg/L. Pelaksanaan penelitian terbagi menjadi dua tahap, yaitu tahap pertama limbah diolah menggunakan proses koagulasi dan flokulasi, selanjutnya tahap dua menggunakan Sequencing Batch Reactor. Pada tahap koagulasi-flokulasi, menggunakan koagulan PAC (Poly Aluminium Chloride). Sedangkan pada tahap dua yang menggunakan SBR, diatur Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) dan berat adsorben (tempurung kelapa, bamboo dan zeolite). Hasil penelitian, didapatkan proses koagulasi dan flokulasi mampu menurunkan kandungan organic (BOD5 dan COD) pada kisaran 80%, Total Suspended Solid (TSS )26% dan warna 55%. Sedangkan pada SBR, didapatkan bahwa penambahan adsorben mengoptimalkan pendegradasian kandungan organic. Didapatkan pada HRT optimal 48 jam, jenis adsorben tempurung kelapa optimal menurunkan kandungan BOD5 sebesar 93%, COD 93.7% sebesar , TSS 81% mg/L dan warna 81% mg/L. Kata kunci: kandungan organic dan warna, koagulasi dan flokulasi, sequencing batch reactor (SBR). The organic content and color of batik wastewater make it difficult to grade. The goal of this research was to create a modified Sequenching Batch Reactor (SBR) using adsorbents made from coconut shells and bamboo. The initial concentrations of COD, color, and TSS in batik wastewater were 1965 mg/L for COD, 1603 mg/L for color, and 1140 mg/L for TSS. The research was divided into two stages, with the first stage involving the use of coagulation and flocculation processes, and the second stage involving the use of a Sequencing Batch Reactor. PAC (Poly Aluminum Chloride) coagulant was used for the coagulation-flocculation stage. Meanwhile, the Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) and the weight of the adsorbent (coconut shell, bamboo, and zeolite) were set in the second stage using SBR. The coagulation and flocculation processes reduced organic content (BOD5 and COD) by 80 %, total suspended solids (TSS) by 26 %, and color by 55 %, according to the results. In SBR, it was discovered that adding an adsorbent improves the decomposition of organic material. The optimal type of coconut shell adsorbent reduced the level of BOD5 by 93 %, COD by 93.7 %, TSS by 81 % mg/L, and color by 81 % mg/L at an optimal HRT of 48 hours. Keywords: Organic material and color, coagulation and flocculation, sequencing batch reactor (SBR).
PERBAIKAN SIFAT FISIKA DAN KIMIA TANAH PADA LAHAN BEKAS TAMBANG INTAN DI CEMPAKA DENGAN METODE COMPOSTING BERBAHAN DASAR SAMPAH ORGANIK PASAR
Authors: Irnada Siti Ayu , Mahyudin Rizqi Puteri , Firmansyah Muhammad 
Published: November 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kondisi suhu, pH dan kelembapan pada bioremediasi metode composting, mengidentifikasi perubahan sifat fisika dan kimia tanah bekas tambang intan sebelum dan sesudah proses composting juga mengidentifikasi komposisi terbaik pada composting berbahan dasar sampah organik pasar sistem open windrow. Rancangan penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan yang dimaksud yaitu A (100% tanah) sebagai kontrol, B (25% tanah : 75% kompos), C (50% tanah : 50% kompos), D (75% tanah : 25% kompos). Hasil penelitian suhu, pH dan kelembapan keempat perlakuan selama proses bioremediasi dengan metode composting mengalami fluktuasi. Berdasarkan hasil uji T terdapat perbedaan nilai C-organik, N-total, Rasio C/N, KTK serta warna sebelum dan sesudah proses composting. Hasil Uji LSD 5% variasi komposisi terbaik yang mampu memperbaiki kualitas tanah tambang adalah variasi komposisi 25% tanah : 75% kompos. Kata kunci: composting, C-organik, N-total, KTK, warna tanah. The purpose of this research is to identify the conditions of temperature, pH and moisture in composting method of bioremediation, identify changes in physical and chemical properties of diamonds before and after the composting process and also identify the best composition on composting made from market organic waste of the open windrow system. The research design used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 3 replications. The treatment referred to is A (100% soil) as control, B (25% soil: 75% compost), C (50% soil: 50% compost), D (75% soil: 25% compost) with the weight of each one treatment / 40 kg stack and 30 cm stack height. The results of the research of temperature, pH and moisture of the four treatments during the bioremediation process by composting method are fluctuated. Based on the results of the T test there are differences in the value of C-organic, N-total, C / N ratio, CEC and soil color before and after the composting process. LSD 5% test results of the best composition variations that can improve the quality of mine soil is a variation of the composition of 25% soil: 75% compost. Keywords: CEC, composting, organic C, soil color, total N.
A 35-year follow-up study of patients admitted to methadone treatment between 1982-1984 in Asturias, Spain
Authors: Jiménez-Treviño Luis , Martínez-Cao Clara , Sánchez-Lasheras Fernando , Iglesias Celso , Antuña María Jesús , Riera Leonor , Sáiz-Martínez Pilar Alejandra , Bobes Julio 
Published: November 2021

The objective was to evaluate outcomes in a heroin-dependent population 35 years after first enrolment in methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). An ad hoc protocol was used to assess drug misuse, treatment, and drug-related morbidity in the survivor sample. The standardized mortality ratio (SMR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. A total of 214 heroin-dependent patients entered MMT between 1982 and 1984 in the Asturias Public Health Service. Information was received on 195 subjects, of whom 146 were deceased. Men accounted for 77.5% of the study cohort. Over the 35-year follow-up period, the SMR was 11.75 (95% CI = 9.95 – 13.77). In the survivor sample, 5.7% were still enrolled in MMT; human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was diagnosed in 38.77% and hepatitis B/C in 73.46%. No differences were found between sexes in mortality or HIV and hepatitis B/C status. None of the female survivors were using heroin at the 35-year follow-up compared with 5.26% of males. In conclusion, our study confirms the high long-term mortality rate of heroin addicts, even after enrollment in MMT.
A New Rock Brittleness Evaluation Method Based on the Complete Stress-Strain Curve
Authors: Liu Chenyang , Du Lizhi , Zhang Xiaopei , Wang Yong , Hu Xinmin , Han Yalu 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Brittleness is a crucial parameter of rock mass and the key indicator in rock engineerings, such as rockburst prediction, tunnelling machine borehole drilling, and hydraulic fracturing. To solve the problem of using present brittleness indexes, the existing rock brittleness indexes were firstly summarised in this paper. Then, a brittleness index (BL), which considers the ratio of stress drop rate and stress increase rate and the peak stress, was proposed. This new index has the advantage of simplifying the acquisition of key parameters and avoiding dimensional problems, as well as taking the complete stress-strain curves into account. While applying the BL, the peak strain is used to describe the difficulty of brittle failure before the peak point, and the ratio of stress drop to strain increase can reflect the stress drop rate without dimension problem. In order to verify the applicability of BL, through the PFC2D, the microparameters and confining pressure were changed to model different types of rock numerical specimens and different stress condition. The results show that the BL can well reflect and classify the brittleness characteristics of different rock types and characterise the constraint of confining pressure on rock brittleness. Moreover, the influence of microparameter on macroparameter was studied. In order to further verify the reliability of the brittleness index (BL), this study conducted uniaxial and triaxial compression tests (30 MPa) on marble, sandstone, limestone, and granite under different confining pressure.
Systematic identification of synergistic combinations of targeted agents and immunotherapies in breast cancer using intratumor multiplex implantable microdevice assay
Authors: Tatarova Zuzana , Blumberg Dylan , Korkola James , Heiser Laura , Muschler John , Schedin Pepper , Ahn Sebastian , Mills Gordon , Coussens Lisa , Jonas Oliver , Gray Joe 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Systematically identifying synergistic combinations between targeted agents and immunotherapies in cancer based on genomic or other static biomarkers remains elusive. Here we integrate two novel high-content and high-throughput techniques, an implantable microdevice to administer multiple drugs into different sites in tumors at nanodoses; and spatial systems analysis of tumor microenvironmental states to describe tumor cell and immunological response signatures and rapidly, within days, identify effective combinations from among numerous agents. We demonstrate in systemic follow-up studies across three mammary carcinoma models that combinations identified by this approach lead to highly synergistic effects. Biomarkers associated with resistance to each agent allowed us to prioritize at least five novel treatment strategies of which the panobinostat/venetoclax/anti-CD40 was the most effective inducing complete tumor control across models. We show that spatial association of cancer stem cells with dendritic cells during immunogenic cell death is a potential mechanism of action underlying long-term breast cancer control.
High-coverage Lipidomics Analysis Reveals Biomarkers for Diagnosis of Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease With Two Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndromes
Authors: Liu Xin-guang , Zhang Hai-Long , Si Yi-Mei , Du Yan , Wu Jin-Yan , Li Jiansheng 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
BackgroundTraditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is distinguished by syndrome differentiation. Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in COPD management. Previous studies have proved that AECOPD can be characterized as 2 TCM syndromes, and systematic dialectical treatment showed better curative effect than conventional therapy. However, detecting the progression from the stable stage to acute exacerbation of COPD with different TCM syndromes mainly depends on doctors’ judgment of clinical symptoms, and there is no biomarker that can be used for auxiliary clinical diagnosis. This study conducted a high-coverage lipidomics to find biomarker for the early diagnosis of AECOPD with 2 TCM syndromes.MethodsSerum samples from COPD patients (n=82) and healthy subjects (n=29) were collected and analyzed. Patients with COPD were divided into stable COPD (SCOPD) and AECOPD groups, with the latter comprising TCM syndromes: phlegm–heat congesting lung (PH-CL) and phlegm-damp amassing in the lung (PD-AL). High-coverage lipidomics profiling of 913 lipids belonging to 19 subclasses was carried out by liquid chromatography–quadrupole orbitrap mass spectrometry.ResultsWe performed 4 cross-comparisons to characterize metabolic disturbances associated with the progression of stable COPD to AECOPD—ie, SCOPD vs healthy subjects, AECOPD vs SCOPD, PH-CL-AECOPD vs SCOPD, and PD-AL-AECOPD vs SCOPD. We identified 86 lipids with differential abundance among groups. Lipids that were altered from the stable stage of disease to AECOPD included sphingolipids, ether-containing glycerophospholipids, phosphatidylglycerols, and glycerol lipids. Three panels of lipid biomarkers specific to AECOPD, two TCM syndromes of AECOPD vs SCOPD yielded areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.788, 0.921 and 0.920, respectively, with sensitivity of 77.5%, 80.7% and 91.3%, respectively, and specificity of 75.8%, 97.0% and 87.9%, respectively.ConclusionsDifferences in lipid metabolism may underlie AECOPD and its TCM syndromes, and can serve as biomarkers for early diagnosis.
Data on the long-distance dispersal of Laxmann's shrew (Sorex caecutiens Laxmann, 1788) and the pygmy shrew (Sorex minutus Linnaeus, 1766)
Authors: Mukhacheva Svetlana , Tolkachev Oleg 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We studied the long-distance dispersal of two species of shrews – Laxmann's shrew (Sorex caecutiens) and the pygmy shrew (Sorex minutus). Group marking with bait containing rhodamine B was used. These were the first data obtained on the long-distance movements of the pygmy shrew (n = 5), which extended from 475 m to 2570 m in a straight line. In the course of dispersion, Laxmann's shrews (n = 12) moved distances of up to 4500 m, which is the maximum movement distance known for this species.
COVID-19 symptoms reduce with targeted hydration of the nose, larynx and trachea
Authors: George Carol , Scheuch Gerhard , Seifart Ulf , Inbaraj Leeberk , Chandrasingh Sindhulina , Nair Indu , Hickey Anthony , Barer Mike , Fletcher Eve , Field Rachel , Salzman Jonathan , Moelis Nathan , Ausiello Dennis , Edwards David 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Dirty air and poor access to healthcare threatens the lives of billions of people in low-income regions of the world. We investigated whether upper-airway hydration might alter two-phase flow in the airways on normal tidal breathing and be a useful, safe, easily distributed non-drug intervention for limiting risks of COVID-19. In observational human volunteer studies involving 464 human subjects in Marburg, Germany (357 normal subjects), Boston, US (20 healthy subjects), and Bangalore, India (87 subjects recently tested positive for COVID-19), we find that respiratory droplet generation increases by up to 4 orders of magnitude with up to 1% total body mass dehydration (n=20), and in dehydration-associated states of advanced age (n=357), elevated BMI-age (n=148), and SARS-CoV-2 infection (n=87). Hydration of the nose, larynx and trachea in a protocol of exercise-induced dehydration by the nasal inhalation of calcium-rich hypertonic salt droplets of mean diameter 8-12 μm diminished respiratory droplet numbers and increased oxygenation relative to a non-treatment control (P<0.05). In a randomized double-blinded nasal-saline control study, thrice-a-day delivery of the calcium-rich hypertonic salts (active) over three days suppressed respiratory droplet generation by 51% +/- 11% and increased oxygen saturation by 48.08% ± 9.61% (P<0.001) in COVID-19 positive subjects (n=20), while no changes in exhaled aerosol (P=0.235) or oxygen saturation (P=0.533) were observed in the nasal-saline control group (n=20). In the active group 47% of patients discharged with no self-reported symptoms while all of the subjects in the nasal saline group discharged with lingering symptoms. Hydration of the upper airways appears promising as a non-drug approach for reducing risks of lower respiratory-tract infections such as COVID-19.
Decentralised peak energy demand minimisation in networks of buildings
Authors: Poghosyan Anush , McCullen Nick , Natarajan Sukumar 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Simultaneous peaks in the energy demand from networks of buildings can decrease system stability and increase operational costs. However, reducing these peaks can require complicated centralised control schemes.
Here, taking inspiration from biological systems, we investigate a decentralised, building-to-building load coordination schema that requires very little information and no human intervention.
Using agent-based modelling, we investigate both the optimal system size and robustness of the results to changes in the system parameters.
It is found that substantial reductions are readily achieved through coordination between a small number of buildings, analogous to models of coordination between flocks of birds. Strikingly, the schema significantly outperforms existing techniques and is robust to varying network topology and the inclusion of large time-constrained thermal loads. These results imply that significant reductions in network peaks are achievable through simple low-cost controllers implemented at the building level; particularly important for developing countries with fragile networks.
Evaluation of an alternative household water treatment system based on slow filtration and solar disinfection
Authors: Rosa e Silva Guilherme Otávio , Loureiro Helen Oliveira , Soares Laura Guimarães , de Andrade Laura Hamdan , Santos Rana Gabriela Lacerda 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Drinking water consumption is essential to maintain a good quality of life, but it is not available for all communities. Therefore, this work aimed to develop an alternative and accessible process for water treatment, based on filtration and solar disinfection, and evaluate it in both bench and pilot scales. The construction cost of the system was estimated and compared with other available options so that its economic viability could be discussed. For this purpose, water from a stream was collected and analyzed. A filter made of PVC tubes, sand, and gravel was built, acting, respectively, as a column, filtering medium, and support layer. As for the disinfection process, the SODIS (Solar Water Disinfection) methodology was adopted. The water was exposed to the sun, and the best exposure time was determined based on the analysis of total coliforms and E. coli. Finally, a prototype was built for a flow rate of 37.5 L d−1, consisting of two filters operating at a filtration rate of 2.38 m3 m−2 d−1. About 97% turbidity removal was obtained, as well as 99.9% for total coliforms and 99.1% for E. coli. It is estimated that the cost of building a water treatment system for one person is approximately USD 29.00.
Assessment of rooftop rainwater harvesting in Ajloun, Jordan
Authors: Al-Houri Zain , Al-Omari Abbas 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In response to water scarcity in Ajloun governorate, Jordan, the effectiveness of implementing rooftop rainwater harvesting (RRWH) was investigated. In addition, a structured questionnaire was prepared and distributed to randomly selected residents to assess the status of the current RRWH practices in the governorate and the people's perceptions of this practice. It was found that between 0.39 million cubic meters (MCM) in a dry year (2017) and 0.96 MCM in a wet year (2018) can be harvested, which is equivalent to 7.6% and 16.8% of the domestic water supply for these years, respectively. The analysis of a total of 360 questionnaires revealed that only 14.2% of the households in Ajloun governorate own an RRWH system. However, the majority, 80.6%, of those who do not own an RRWH system showed interest in installing one. An overwhelming majority of the sample, 96.7%, believes that the government should provide incentives to subsidize the construction of RRWH systems, which is attributed to the high initial cost of these systems. The technical and social feasibilities of RRWH, in addition to the high cost of the alternatives, justifies providing incentives, such as cost sharing for the consumers in Ajloun to implement RRWH systems.
Peroxydisulfate activation by LaNiO3 nanoparticles with different morphologies for the degradation of organic pollutants
Authors: Wei Yan , Leng Yanqiu , Wang Rongyao , Ren Xiaohua , Guo Weilin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A series of LaNiO3 perovskite nanoparticles with different morphologies, such as spheres, rods and cubes, were prepared through co-precipitation and hydrothermal methods, and used as the catalysts for peroxydisulfate (PDS) activation. The physical and chemical characterization of LaNiO3 perovskites was performed, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nitrogen isotherm absorption (BET), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The LaNiO3 with different shapes showed different activities in Acid Orange 7 (AO7) degradation. Sphere-like LaNiO3 exhibited the highest catalytic activity, which is probably due to the largest specific surface area, higher proportion of reductive Ni2+ and the higher electron transfer ability. The radical scavenging experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) revealed the production of massive sulfate radicals (SO4•−) and hydroxyl radicals (•OH) during the oxidation. Finally, the possible mechanisms of PDS activation and AO7 degradation were proposed. The prepared LaNiO3 perovskites also showed excellent reusability and stability.