bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supervised training of spiking neural networks for robust deployment on mixed-signal neuromorphic processors
Authors: Büchel Julian , Zendrikov Dmitrii , Solinas Sergio , Indiveri Giacomo , Muir Dylan R. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMixed-signal analog/digital circuits emulate spiking neurons and synapses with extremely high energy efficiency, an approach known as “neuromorphic engineering”. However, analog circuits are sensitive to process-induced variation among transistors in a chip (“device mismatch”). For neuromorphic implementation of Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs), mismatch causes parameter variation between identically-configured neurons and synapses. Each chip exhibits a different distribution of neural parameters, causing deployed networks to respond differently between chips. Current solutions to mitigate mismatch based on per-chip calibration or on-chip learning entail increased design complexity, area and cost, making deployment of neuromorphic devices expensive and difficult. Here we present a supervised learning approach that produces SNNs with high robustness to mismatch and other common sources of noise. Our method trains SNNs to perform temporal classification tasks by mimicking a pre-trained dynamical system, using a local learning rule from non-linear control theory. We demonstrate our method on two tasks requiring temporal memory, and measure the robustness of our approach to several forms of noise and mismatch. We show that our approach is more robust than common alternatives for training SNNs. Our method provides robust deployment of pre-trained networks on mixed-signal neuromorphic hardware, without requiring per-device training or calibration.
A quantum Hopfield associative memory implemented on an actual quantum processor
Authors: Miller Nathan Eli , Mukhopadhyay Saibal 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this work, we present a Quantum Hopfield Associative Memory (QHAM) and demonstrate its capabilities in simulation and hardware using IBM Quantum Experience.. The QHAM is based on a quantum neuron design which can be utilized for many different machine learning applications and can be implemented on real quantum hardware without requiring mid-circuit measurement or reset operations. We analyze the accuracy of the neuron and the full QHAM considering hardware errors via simulation with hardware noise models as well as with implementation on the 15-qubit ibmq_16_melbourne device. The quantum neuron and the QHAM are shown to be resilient to noise and require low qubit overhead and gate complexity. We benchmark the QHAM by testing its effective memory capacity and demonstrate its capabilities in the NISQ-era of quantum hardware. This demonstration of the first functional QHAM to be implemented in NISQ-era quantum hardware is a significant step in machine learning at the leading edge of quantum computing.
The optimal emergency decision-making method with incomplete probabilistic information
Authors: Fu Ming , Wang Lifang , Zheng Bingyun , Shao Haiyan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEmergencies often occur irregularly, such as infectious diseases, earthquakes, wars, floods, the diffusion and leakage of chemically toxic and harmful substances, etc. These emergencies can bring huge disasters to people, even worse, the time left for people to make critical decisions is usually very limited. When an emergency occurs, the most important thing for people is to make reasonable decisions as soon as possible to deal with the current problems, otherwise, the situation may deteriorate further. The paper proposes an emergency decision-making algorithm under the constraints of the limited time and incomplete information, the research is mainly carried out from the following aspects, firstly, we use the data structure of the hesitant fuzzy probabilistic linguistic set to collect the basic data after careful comparison, which has three advantages, (1) considering the hesitation in the decision-making process, each evaluation information is allowed to contain multiple values instead of just one value; (2) each evaluation value is followed by a probability value, which further describes the details of the evaluation information; (3) the data structure allows some probability information to be unknown, which effectively expands the application scope of the algorithm. Secondly, the maximization gap model is proposed to calculate unknown parameters, the model can distinguish alternatives with small differences. Thirdly, all the evaluation information will be aggregated by the dynamic hesitant probability fuzzy weighted arithmetic operator. Subsequently, an instance is given to illustrate the effectiveness and the accuracy of the algorithm proposed in the paper. Finally, the advantages of the proposed algorithm are further demonstrated by comparing it with other outstanding algorithms. The main contribution of the paper is that we propose the maximization gap model to obtain the unknown parameters, which can effectively and accurately distinguish alternatives with small differences.
Association of m.5178C&gt;A variant with serum lipid levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Fuqiang , He Jiyun , Wang Shengping , Yu Feng , Luo Zhi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Emerging evidence shows that m.5178C&gt;A variant is associated with a lower risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the specific mechanisms remain elusive. Since dyslipidemia is one of the most critical risk factors for CAD and accounts for at least 50% of the population-attributable risk, it is tempting to speculate that the reduced CAD risk caused by the m.5178C&gt;A variant may stem from an improved lipid profile. In order to verify this hypothesis, we conducted the present study to clarify the association of m.5178C&gt;A variant with lipid levels.
Methods: By searching ten databases for studies published before 30 June 2021. Thirteen East Asian populations (7587 individuals) were included for the analysis.
Results: The present study showed that m.5178C&gt;A variant was associated with higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) [standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.06–0.17, P&lt;0.001] and total cholesterol (TC) (SMD = 0.08, 95% CI = 0.02–0.14, P=0.01) levels. In subgroup analysis, the association of m.5178C&gt;A variant with higher HDL-C levels were observed in Japanese (SMD = 0.09, 95% CI = 0.01–0.17, P=0.03) and Chinese populations (SMD = 0.13, 95% CI = 0.07–0.20, P&lt;0.001). However, the association of m.5178C&gt;A variant with lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were only observed in Japanese populations (SMD = −0.11, 95% CI = −0.22 to 0.00, P=0.04).
Conclusions: The m.5178C&gt;A variant was associated with higher HDL-C and lower LDL-C levels in Japanese populations, which may contribute to decreased CAD risk and longevity of Japanese.
The Effects of a Multitiered System of Language Support on Kindergarten Oral and Written Language: A Large-Scale Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Petersen Douglas B. , Staskowski Maureen , Spencer Trina D. , Foster Matthew E. , Brough Mollie Paige 
Published: December 2021

Purpose:
The purpose of this randomized controlled trial was to examine the effects of a multitiered system of language support (MTSLS) on kindergarteners' narrative retelling, personal stories, writing, and expository language.

Method:

Participants were 686 kindergarten students from four school districts in the United States. Twenty-eight classrooms were randomly assigned to treatment (
n
= 337 students) or control (
n
= 349 students) conditions. The treatment group received 14 weeks of oral narrative language instruction using
Story Champs,
a multitiered language program. Classroom teachers delivered large group (Tier 1) instruction for 15–20 min a day for 4 weeks. After this short-duration whole-class instruction, speech-language pathologists began small group
Story Champs
(Tier 2) intervention with a random sample of students who did not make adequate progress from the large group instruction (
n
= 49). These students received Tier 2 intervention for 20 min twice a week in addition to continued Tier 1 instruction.

Results:
Results indicated that the students in the treatment group had significantly higher scores on all outcome measures compared to the students in the control group. Analyses of outcomes from the 49 students who received Tier 2 intervention compared to a matching sample of at-risk control students revealed that the treatment group had significantly higher scores on narrative retells, personal stories, and expository retells. When compared to matched average-performing and advanced-performing control peers, the students who received Tier 2 intervention had significantly higher narrative retell scores and no longer had significantly lower personal story, expository, or writing scores.

Conclusion:
This effectiveness study demonstrated that MTSLS can lead to meaningful improvements in kindergarteners' oral and written language skills, even helping at-risk students catch up to high-achieving peers.
Finite‐control‐set model predictive control with a constant switching frequency for single‐phase grid‐connected photovoltaic inverter
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Li Bingqiang , Ma Ruiqing , Chen Xiaolei , Dai Zhiyong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTaking the advantage of easy implementation in the discrete digital control system, the finite‐control‐set model predictive control (FCS‐MPC) is widely used in multi‐phase or multi‐level power converters. As the smallest independent operation unit in photovoltaic (PV) distributed power generation systems, the PV inverter has the most direct influence on the power quality. However, the lack of switching states and output voltage levels restricts the development of FCS‐MPC in single‐phase PV inverters. In order to improve the quality of the PV inverter output current, a constant switching frequency FCS‐MPC (CFS‐FCS‐MPC) method is proposed for single‐phase grid‐connected PV inverter in this paper, which can thus reduce output current ripples and lower harmonics. Compared with the conventional FCS‐MPC method, the proposed CFS‐FCS‐MPC method synthesizes the switching state with a nonzero and a zero switching state in one sampling period. In addition, an optimum allocation of switching states and execution time for the synthesized switching state is presented. Experimental results have verified the effectiveness of the proposed CSF‐FCS‐MPC method for the output current, achieving lower current ripples and higher current quality with a constant switching frequency.
Transmitting strategy with high degrees of freedom for pulsed‐coherent FDA radar
Authors: Yu Lei , He Feng , Su Yi , Dong Zhen 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMultidimensional and flexible radar resource transmission in time, frequency and space domains is strongly demanded for advanced digital array radar to meet the challenging observation requirements. In this study, a high degrees of freedom (DOF) transmitting strategy is proposed for pulsed‐coherent frequency diverse array (FDA) radar. The flexible beam scanning property of coherent FDA radar is well developed by combining with spatial transmit array weighting and temporal piecewise waveform design. The proposed method fully exploits the transmitting DOFs of coherent FDA radar, which not only enables the transmit beampattern shaping but also promises the ability of spatial waveform diversity and transmitting energy allocation. Since the spatial transmitting signal bandwidth is preset, a received signal processing method with a variable sampling rate is proposed to avoid over sampling in all receiving channels. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method and further demonstrate its potential applications.
Ultraviolet and vacuum ultraviolet photo-processing of protonated benzonitrile (C6H5CNH+)
Authors: Jacovella Ugo , Noble Jennifer A. , Guliani Alexandre , Hansen Christopher S. , Trevitt Adam J. , Mouzay Julie , Couturier-Tamburelli Isabelle , Pietri Nathalie , Nahon Laurent 
Published: December 2021

Context. The recent detection in pre-stellar sources of cyano-substituted and pure hydrocarbon cycles has emphasized the importance of aromatic chemistry in the earliest stages of star formation. Ultraviolet (UV) and vacuum-UV (VUV) radiation is ubiquitous in space and thus the photo-processing of small cyclic ions may open a window onto rich chemical networks and lead to the formation of larger aromatics in space.
Aims. The aim is to investigate the fate of protonated benzonitrile species after UV and VUV photoexcitation and the subsequent potential impact on stellar and interstellar chemistry.
Methods. Protonated benzonitrile was isolated in a linear ion trap prior to irradiation with UV and VUV radiation (4.5–13.6 eV) from the DESIRS beamline at synchrotron SOLEIL. The study was extended down to 3.5 eV using a cryogenic Paul ion trap coupled to an OPO laser at the PIIM laboratory. Photodissociation action spectra were obtained by monitoring the photofragment yields as a function of photon energy.
Results. The UV/VUV photodissociation action spectra of protonated benzonitrile show structured bands from 3.8 to 9 eV. The primary dissociation channel of protonated benzonitrile corresponds to HCN/HNC loss and formation of the phenylium cation (C6H5+); whereas at high energies, a minor channel is observed that correlates with HC3N loss and formation of C4H5+.
Conclusions. The UV and VUV photodestruction of protonated benzonitrile leads to the formation of a highly reactive cationic species, C6H5+, predicted to be an important precursor of larger aromatic molecules in space, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The inclusion of C6H5+ – a precursor of benzene and, by extension, of benzonitrile – as the result of formation via the photodissociation of protonated benzonitrile in current astrochemical models could improve the predicted abundance of benzonitrile, which is currently underestimated.
Toward measuring the spin of obscured supermassive black holes
Authors: Masini Alberto , Celotti Annalisa , Campitiello Samuele 
Published: December 2021

Context. Mass and spin are two fundamental properties of astrophysical black holes. While some established indirect methods are adopted to measure both these properties of active galactic nuclei (AGN) when viewed relatively face-on, very few suggested methods exist to measure these properties when AGN are highly inclined and potentially obscured by large amounts of gas.
Aims. In this context we explore the accuracy and performance of a recently proposed method to estimate the spin of AGN by fitting the accretion disk spectral energy distribution, when adapted for highly inclined and obscured systems, and in particular to a sample of six local water megamasers. For these sources the accretion rate and inclination angle are both known, allowing us to rely only on the AGN bolometric luminosity to infer their spin.
Methods. Using the bolometric luminosity as a proxy for the accretion disk peak luminosity, we derived the expected bolometric luminosity as a function of spin. Then, we measured the bolometric luminosity of each source through X-ray spectroscopy, and compared it with the expected value to constrain the spin of the AGN.
Results. The quality of the constraints depend critically on the accuracy of the measured bolometric luminosity, which is difficult to estimate in heavily obscured systems. Three out of six sources do not show consistency between the expected and measured bolometric luminosities, while the other three (four, when considering the [OIII] line as tracer of the bolometric luminosity) are formally consistent with high spin values.
Conclusions. Our results suggest that this method, although promising (and possibly considered as a future calibrator for other methods) needs better observational data and further theoretical modeling to be successfully applied to obscured AGN and to infer robust results.
A LOFAR view into the stormy environment of the galaxy cluster 2A0335+096
Authors: Ignesti A. , Brunetti G. , Shimwell T. , Gitti M. , Birzan L. , Botteon A. , Brüggen M. , de Gasperin F. , Di Gennaro G. , Edge A. C. , Riseley C. J. , Röttgering H. J. A. , van Weeren R. J. 
Published: December 2021

Context.Radio observations represent a powerful probe of the physics occurring in the intracluster medium (ICM) because they trace the relativistic cosmic rays in the cluster magnetic fields, or within galaxies themselves. By probing the low-energy cosmic rays, low-frequency radio observations are especially interesting because they unveil emission powered by low-efficiency particle acceleration processes, which are believed to play a crucial role in the origin of diffuse radio emission.Aims.We investigate the origin of the radio mini-halo at the centre of the galaxy cluster 2A0335+096 and its connection to the central galaxy and the sloshing cool core. We also study the properties of the head-tail galaxy GB6 B0335+096 hosted in the cluster to explore the life cycle of the relativistic electrons in its radio tails.Methods.We used new LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR) observations from the LOFAR Two-meter Sky Survey at 144 MHz to map the low-frequency emission with a high level of detail. The new data were combined with archival Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope andChandraobservations to carry out a multi-wavelength study.Results.We have made the first measurement of the spectral index of the mini-halo (α = −1.2 ± 0.1 between 144 MHz and 1.4 GHz) and the lobes of the central source (α ≃ −1.5 ± 0.1 between 144 and 610 MHz). Based on the low-frequency radio emission morphology with respect to the thermal ICM, we propose that the origin of the diffuse radio emission is linked to the sloshing of the cool core. The new data reveal the presence of a megaparsec-long radio tail associated with GB6 B0335+096. The observed projected length is a factor 3 longer than the expected cooling length, with evidence of flattening in the spectral index trend along the tail. Therefore, we suggest that the electrons towards the end of the tail are kept alive by the ICM gentle re-acceleration.
Kardiale Beteiligungen bei rheumatologischen Erkrankungen –
eine Übersicht
Authors: Casteleyn Vincent , Barzen Gina , Knebel Fabian , Schneider Udo 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungRheumatische Erkrankungen gehen mit einem erhöhten
kardiovaskulären Risiko einher, können darüber hinaus
jedoch im Bereich aller kardialen Strukturen zu spezifischen
entzündlichen Veränderungen führen. Symptome wie
Dyspnoe, Tachykardie und Leistungsminderung stehen patientenseitig im
Vordergrund, wenngleich kardiale Beteiligungen nicht selten asymptomatisch
verlaufen. Diagnostisch werden neben der klinischen Untersuchung und
laborchemischen Verfahren apparative Diagnostiken wie Echokardiografie und
Kardio-MRT aber auch invasive Verfahren wie die Herzkatheteruntersuchung und
Myokardbiopsie angewendet. Die Therapie richtet sich nach der Grunderkrankung,
den betroffenen kardialen Strukturen und reicht von einer medikamentösen
Therapie bis zu interventionell-operativem Vorgehen.
Pathomorphologie und Mikrobiologie des Urogenitaltrakts fruchtbarkeitsgestörter Sauen mit positivem Deoxynivalenol-Befund
Authors: Baumann Christian , Schikore Nina , Sigmarsson Haukur L. , Sperling Daniel , Kauffold Johannes 
Published: December 2021

Zusammenfassung
Gegenstand und Ziel Deoxynivalenol (DON) ist ein Mykotoxin, das von Pilzen der Fusarium spp. gebildet wird. Es verursacht Erbrechen, hat aber auch immunsuppressive Effekte, die sich auch lokal z. B. im Urogenitaltrakt auswirken können und damit fruchtbarkeitsrelevant sind. In diesem Beitrag wird über ein DON-assoziiertes pathomorphologisches Bild des Urogenitaltrakts zusammen mit einer etwaigen mikrobiellen Besiedelung berichtet.
Material und Methode Es wurden 19 Genitaltrakte (Vagina, Zervix, Uterus, Eileiter und Ovarien) inklusive Harnblasen (n = 15) fruchtbarkeitsgestörter Jung- und Altsauen unterschiedlicher Wurfnummern, die in den Jahren 2019/20 aus 8 Betrieben eingesandt wurden, pathomorphologisch untersucht. In 11 individuellen Galle- und 2 Poolproben (2 bzw. 4 Tiere) erfolgte die Bestimmung von DON und Zearalenon (ZEA) mittels Hochleistungsflüssigkeitchromatografie. Zudem unterlagen 17 Uteri und 12 Harnblasen einer mikrobiologischen Untersuchung.
Ergebnisse Fast alle Vaginae (n = 16), Cervices (n = 15), Uteri (n = 18) und viele Eileiter (n = 11) sowie Harnblasen (n = 11) waren überwiegend mittel- bis hochgradig chronisch entzündlich verändert. In 17 Fällen betraf die Entzündung ≥ 2 Organe. In der Regel lag eine Mischflora aus verschiedenen gramnegativen und grampositiven Bakterien vor, wobei E. coli, Streptococcus spp., Aeromonas spp. and Enterococcus spp. dominierten. Insgesamt 8 analysierte individuelle Galleproben und beide Poolproben waren DON-positiv (Konzentrationen 75,5 bis > 200,0 µg/l). In einigen der DON-positiven Proben wurde zeitgleich ZEA in geringen Konzentrationen nachgewiesen (6,57–21,20 µg/l).
Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz Es wird postuliert, dass DON Fruchtbarkeitsprobleme verursachen kann. Zur Abklärung empfehlen sich pathomorphologische Untersuchungen der Genitalorgane und Harnblase. Sind ≥ 2 Organe chronisch entzündlich verändert und besteht zudem eine bakterielle Besiedelung des Uterus, ist eine Beteiligung von DON anzunehmen und durch eine Untersuchung im Gallensaft zu bestätigen.
Postmortale klinische Labordiagnostik beim Rind – ein Zusatzinstrument für die Veterinärpathologie
Authors: Wolf Carola , Gerst Kirsten , Gerst Sascha , Priemer Grit 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungBei der Sektion kann der postmortale (p. m.) Einsatz klinisch-labordiagnostischer Untersuchungen aus Probenmaterial mehr oder weniger geschützter Kompartimente wichtige Zusatzinformationen für die Diagnose und Differenzialdiagnose liefern bzw. eigentlich nur klinisch zu stellende Diagnosen ohne pathomorphologisches Korrelat überhaupt erst ermöglichen. Die Arbeit liefert Anregungen zu diagnostischen Verfahren unter Verwendung von Augenkammerwasser, Harn, Pansensaft und weiteren p. m. erst zeitlich verzögert durch Auto- und Heterolyse beeinträchtigten Proben. Es wird eine Übersicht zu p. m. verwendbaren Probenmaterialien und deren Entnahme speziell beim verendeten Rind, zu klinisch-labordiagnostischen Parametern und Methoden und ihrer Aussagekraft sowie zu präanalytisch relevanten Vorbehalten bei der Befundinterpretation gegeben. Aus der Literatur und aus langjähriger Erfahrung mit p. m. klinischer Labordiagnostik werden praktikable Ansätze für die tägliche Arbeit und für spezielle Fragestellungen abgeleitet. Insbesondere Augenkammerwasser, Pansensaft und ggf. Harn sind leicht zugängliche Matrizes. Auch Liquor cerebrospinalis lässt sich in guter Qualität gewinnen und z. B. auf Elektrolyte und Metaboliten analysieren. Postmortale klinische Labordiagnostik kann in speziellen Fällen, z. B. Festliegen und Verenden infolge von Hypokalzämie oder Hypomagnesämie, Hinweise auf die Todesursache geben, auch wenn aufgrund eines zu raschen Versterbens keine labormedizinischen Untersuchungen zu Lebzeiten durchgeführt werden konnten oder p. m. keine morphologischen Veränderungen feststellbar waren, die das klinische Bild erklären würden. Die p. m. Labordiagnostik ist auch hilfreich, wenn sich am lebenden Tier keine klinischen Befunde erheben ließen. Zwar ergeben sich bei der Sektion auch sensorisch Hinweise auf Urämie und Ketose, doch erlauben klinisch-chemische Untersuchungen eine Verifizierung. Klinisch-labordiagnostische Untersuchungen können die Diagnose erhärten oder die Differenzialdiagnose eingrenzen bzw. sogar erst ermöglichen. Die Zusammenstellung erhebt keinen Anspruch auf Vollständigkeit, kann aber in der Pathologie Tätige zu solchen relativ selten eingesetzten Zusatzuntersuchungen ermutigen und die Zusammenarbeit zwischen Veterinärpathologen und klinischen Labordiagnostikern anregen.