bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CATCH-ON Educational Interventions for Providers, Older Adults, and Caregivers
Authors: Emery-Tiburcio Erin , Newman Michelle , Golden Robyn 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
CATCH-ON, the collaborative GWEP led by Rush University Medical Center, is working to create Age-Friendly Communities by assuring that health systems, community-based organizations, and older adults and families are educated about the 4Ms. For providers, CATCH-ON offers a monthly Learning Community that focuses on one of the 4Ms each quarter. Each session provides practical recommendations for 4Ms implementation and opportunities to share experiences in small groups. CATCH-ON also partnered with Community Catalyst, older adults, and caregivers to develop a 4Ms educational brochure. The brochure is available electronically and by paper to educate older adults and caregivers about the 4Ms and discussing them with their healthcare team. Additionally, CATCH-ON created 4M online modules for older adults and families. This session will explore the success and lessons learned in developing educational interventions for diverse audiences and how this approach strengthens Age-Friendly Communities.
Is Living in an Ethnic Enclave Associated With Better Cognitive Health of Older Immigrants? Results From PINE
Authors: Guo Man , Wang Yi , Xu Hanzhang , Li Mengting , Wu Bei , Dong XinQi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This study addressed three questions: 1) Is living in Chinatown associated with better cognition among Chinese older immigrants? 2) Is the association moderated by education, acculturation level, and social engagement? 3) Does the association vary by preferred language (Mandarin, Cantonese, Taishanese), an important indicator of heterogeneity among Chinese immigrants? Data were derived from the Population Study of Chinese Elderly in Chicago (N = 3,055). Results showed that Chinese older immigrants who lived in Chinatown had significantly poorer cognition than those who didn’t, and such a difference was largely due to educational differences between the two groups. Higher education or acculturation buffered the influence of Chinatown residence on cognitive health, but only among those who speak Mandarin. The findings indicate that living in an ethnic enclave may have a negative impact on cognitive function of Chinese older immigrants. The findings also reveal the sources of heterogeneity within the population.
Family Caregivers of Persons With Mild Dementia Share Their Spiritual Struggles
Authors: McGee Jocelyn , Morgan Davie , Myers Dennis 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The lives of family caregivers of persons with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) may change dramatically with disease progression in their loved one. Many rely on spirituality as a resource for coping. There is evidence that persons experiencing transition/losses, as a consequence of disease/illness, can experience spiritual struggles or a crises in meaning. However, there is limited research related to spiritual struggles among family caregivers of persons with ADRD, particularly in the beginning stages of the disease process. In this study, three domains of spiritual struggle were identified after analyzing 27 caregiver interviews using the constant comparative method: 1) changes in relationship with their higher power (e.g., feelings of anger towards, feeling punished by, feeling disconnected from, and questioning); 2) changes in spiritual practices (e.g., decreased participation as a consequence of feeling unsupported, judged, or misunderstood by spiritual communities); and 3) dissonance between previously held core beliefs and current life circumstances (e.g., feelings of shame, doubt, and guilt as well as cessation of self-care activities due to the belief that they must sacrifice everything for their loved one). Notably, 74% experienced spiritual struggle in one domain; 33% in two domains, and 11% in three domains. The majority of participants had come to resolution of these spiritual struggles by the time they were interviewed. However, 40.7% were experiencing ongoing spiritual struggles, at the time of interview, suggesting the importance of identifying and addressing spiritual struggles in this population over time in order to enhance coping and adaptation.
Religiosity Among Young-Adult Baby Boomers: Associations With Psychological Well-Being Over 45 Years
Authors: Cheng Kent Jason , Brown Maria , Hwang Woosang , Silverstein Merril 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Past studies on the influence of religiosity on psychological well-being tended to be cross-sectional in nature and neglected generational differences. In this study, we assess how religiosity in early adulthood (mean age = 19) affects baby-boomers’ psychological well-being over the life course. We used waves 1 to 9 or 45 years of survey data from the Longitudinal Study of Generations (LSOG) (N=798), a sample of Southern Californians. First, we used latent class analyses on five domains to identify three typologies of baby boomers’ religiosity in early adulthood. We call these typologies “strongly religious,” “weakly religious,” and “personally religious.” Then, we used latent growth curve modelling to ascertain the influence of these religiosity typologies on psychological wellbeing from waves 1 to 9, controlling for time-invariant (religious affiliation, age, sex, race, parental income) and varying (religious salience, education, marital status, and annual income) factors. We found that the strongly religious have a consistently upward psychological wellbeing trend throughout the study period whereas wellbeing started to decline for the weakly religious and personally religious at around wave 6, on when they were about mid-40s to almost 50. We provide evidence that religiosity in early adulthood – a period in life characterized by the exploration of various options for the future brought about by greater personal freedom – positively influences baby boomer’s psychological wellbeing over the life course.
Functional MRI to Assess Decision-Making Capacity of Older Adults With Dementia: A Proof of Concept Study
Authors: TANNOU Thomas 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Assessment of decision-making capacity is essential to respect older adult dignity, particularly concerning major decision such as ageing in place. To date, it is the clinician's assessment, based on a global analysis of his clinical evaluation and neuropsychological tasks, which enables decision-making assessment. Given the difficulty it represents, and the ethical and societal issues raised, the research question concerns the contribution of neuro-imaging technologies as an aid to the evaluation of decision-making capacity. We included in our proof-of-concept study 4 healthy older patients and 2 older patients with dementia (mild stage) followed in a memory clinic. Each of the participants completed neuropsychological tests with a focus on executive functions, anosognosia and judgemental skills. Next, they performed a decision-making task, the Balloon Assessment Risk Task (BART) in functional MRI, and, finally, they participated in a semi-structured interview completed with interview of their caregiver. For both patients, their referring geriatrician was questioned a priori on his assessment of their decision-making capacity. The results showed a common activation pattern in functional MRI between the patient considered competent in decision-making and the healthy subjects, unlike the patient who was not clinically competent. The qualitative analysis highlighted major anosognosia in both pathological situations, but decision-making in everyday life situations differed between the 2 patients. This study shows the feasibility, on a sensitive topic, to explore the potential contribution of functional neuroimaging and semi-directed interviews as tools. It also demonstrates the value of conducting mixed research, combining neurosciences and social science to explore complex clinical issues.
What Keeps Older People out of Nursing Homes? A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Gaugler Joseph , Zmora Rachel , Peterson Colleen , Mitchell Lauren , Birkeland Robyn , Jutkowitz Eric , Duval Sue 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Perhaps one of the most examined, and costly, health transitions older people experience is nursing home admission. In addition to the financial costs nursing home admission poses to older people, their families, and other payers (e.g., the public), institutionalization is linked with a range of negative outcomes and represents a loss of independence and quality of life to many older persons. The current meta-analysis attempted to synthesize all available randomized controlled trials available to ascertain which intervention approaches appeared to prevent nursing home entry for older adults. The MEDLINE, PsycInfo, CINAHL, Cochrane, and EMBASE databases were searched to August, 2020. Abstracts were screened (N = 28,120) to identify randomized controlled trials of interventions to prevent or delay nursing home admission as well as systematic reviews. Identified studies were cross-referenced until the point of saturation, resulting in 1,786 studies for additional inclusion/exclusion screening. Following a consensus-based review among the authors that included risk of bias, 323 randomized controlled trials were included in the meta analysis. Although several intervention modalities appeared protective against nursing home admission and approached statistical significance, preliminary results suggest that comprehensive geriatrics assessment (pooled OR = .69, 95% CI: .50, .95) and specialized, inpatient geriatrics care (pooled OR: .77, 95% CI: .59, .99) were most consistent in helping to prevent institutionalization among older persons. The findings emphasize the importance of geriatrics when delivering optimal care to older persons. Integrating such approaches more effectively into a largely fee-for-service healthcare paradigm remain a critical challenge.
Caloric Restriction Mimetics Attenuate the Hallmarks of Aging
Authors: Kroemer Guido 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Nutrient depletion, which is one of the physiological triggers of autophagy, results in the depletion of intracellular acetyl coenzyme A (AcCoA) coupled to the deacetylation of cellular proteins. We found that there are at least 4 possibilities to mimic these effects, namely (i) the depletion of cytosolic AcCoA by interfering with its biosynthesis, (ii) the stimulation cytosolic AcCoA consumption, (iii) the inhibition of protein acetyltransferases, or (iii) the stimulation of protein deacetylases. Thus, AcCoA depleting agents, AcCoA-consuming agents, acetyltransferase inhibitors or deacetylase activators are highly efficient inducers of autophagy and reduce aging-associated diseases including diabetes, obesity, cardiac failure and failing cancer immunosurveillance. Hence, we classify them as "caloric restriction mimetics" (CRM). We have initiated the systematic search for CRMs based on their cellular effects in vitro. We built screening assays amenable to high-throughput technology for the identification of CRMs. These results will be discussed.
From Awareness to Social Action: The Role of Dementia Friends in Sustaining Dementia Inclusiveness
Authors: Burman Bonnie , Williman Martha 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
According to the World Dementia Council, three components are important to effectively engage a community to become dementia inclusive, 1) raising awareness and consequently decreasing stigma, 2) enabling participation, and 3) providing support—including in health and care settings. Too many times these components are separate initiatives thus limiting their effectiveness and sustainability. By applying the collective impact model and utilizing the Dementia Friends program as the link between the three, all dementia inclusive efforts can be enhanced and sustained regardless of the range of activities and approaches a community chooses to adopt. This symposium provides both evidence and examples of how to personalize and employ the Dementia Friends program to optimize the process, outcome, and impact of dementia inclusive initiatives. By engaging the entire community, awareness is raised, the structure is in place to enable action, and cross-sector collaboration will ensure continuation and sustainability of these important efforts.
Mastery Goals for Black American Dementia Caregivers
Authors: Johnson Kalisha Bonds , Epps Fayron , Brewster Glenna , Clevenger Carolyn , Daniel Gaea , Pak Victoria , Paul Sudeshna , Hepburn Kenneth 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
About 5.8 million older American adults live with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias; Black American older adults’ prevalence is more than twice that of non-Hispanic white older adults. The Black American dementia caregiving experience can be pictured within the Black Family Social-Ecological Context Model, which provides a conceptual basis for examining social determinants of health at individual, family, community, and societal levels with careful consideration for how the intersecting identities of race, gender, and class of Black American caregivers influence the multiple dimensions of their caregiving experiences. Family dynamics, community setting, and healthcare systems have a potentially bidirectional influence on these caregivers, which is informed by the larger historical reality of systemic racism and general disenfranchisement. This paper outlines how Stress Process and Perceived Control frameworks offer ways for Black American dementia caregivers to achieve a sense of mastery within the complicated and fraught ecology within which their caregiving occurs. We propose a research and development agenda to create a program for enhancing a sense of mastery among Black American dementia caregivers. Two concepts in particular, “constraints” and “efficacy expectations,” provide ways to develop a systematic approach to developing successful coping strategies for the constraints perceived by individuals as they undertake and function in the caregiving role. The recognition of the complexity of the caregiving ecosystem and intersectionality of caregivers’ experience emphasize the importance of individualization: each caregiver’s experience of this ecosystem– and therefore each Black American caregiver’s way to mastery within it– will be uniquely shaped and experienced.
Childhood Socioeconomic Status and Cognitive Aging: An Intersectional Life Course Perspective
Authors: Reynolds Addam , Greenfield Emily , Moorman Sara , Reyes Laurent 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Greater childhood socioeconomic status (cSES) is associated with better later life cognition. Largely absent from this literature is how structural racism potentially influences this relationship. Guided by intersectional life course theory, we examined if the influence of cSES and region of schooling on later life cognitive outcomes differs among non-Hispanic White (NHW) and Black older adults. We used data from the 2010-2016 waves of the Health and Retirement Study for participants ages 65 and older in 2010. Using growth mixture modeling, we estimated the associations between race, cSES (parental education, social, and financial capital), and region of schooling at age 10 (southern versus not) on cognitive performance. Consistent with prior research, there was a main effect of race on cognitive performance levels (but not with decline over time), with lower scores among older Black adults, on average. Among NHWs, higher cSES was protective for later life cognition, especially for NHW participants from the South. Although Black older adults who attended school outside of the South had higher levels of cognitive performance than their counterparts who attended school at age 10 in the South, Black older adults who attended school outside of the South--regardless of cSES--still had lower average scores on cognition at baseline than the most disadvantaged NHW participants. This paper implicates the effects of structural racism on cognitive performance among older Black adults, indicating the need for heightened attention to structural racism within interventions for optimizing brain health and promoting equitable cognitive aging across the life course.
Refining Care to Plan: Delivering Personalized Recommendations to Support Dementia Caregivers
Authors: Cha Jinhee , Peterson Colleen , Millenbah Ashley , Louwagie Katie , Baker Zachary , Jensen Christine , Gaugler Joseph 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Caregivers of persons living with Alzheimer’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease-related dementias (PLWD; AD/ADRD) benefit from unique interventions to address their different needs. While information on which interventions best meet specific needs exists, less is known about how to match caregivers with those interventions. To address this research gap, we tested Care to Plan (CtP) within a large healthcare system. After care navigators guided caregivers through twenty CtP tailoring questions to identify caregivers’ greatest needs, the online tool provided the intervention type best suited to meet their needs, along with region-specific information on available programs. This mixed methods analysis evaluated the utility of the CtP tool with 20 family caregivers of PLWD after a 1 month follow-up. Most caregivers agreed that the CtP tool was helpful (85%) and would recommend the tool to other caregivers (90%). Caregivers also said they valued being able to discuss the CtP recommendations with the care navigator (95%). However, only 65% said they found services that met their needs or planned on using services recommended by CtP. Interview data indicate time constraints and restricted availability of resources due to COVID-19 precautions reduced caregivers’ abilities to pursue some recommendations. In addition, the stage of dementia experienced by their care recipient may explain why others found CtP less useful. However, these caregivers noted the potential utility of the resources for their future care planning needs. A larger evaluation of the CtP tool within the healthcare system is ongoing.
COVID-19 Death in High-Medicaid Nursing Homes: The Role of Employment Empowerment
Authors: Lord Justin , Davlyatov Ganisher , Ghiasi Akbar , Weech-Maldonado Robert 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This study examines the association between COVID-19 death and employee empowerment in under-resourced nursing homes (70% or higher Medicaid census). Employee empowerment captures elements of participative decision making, autonomy, responsibility, open communication, decentralization, and decision-making flexibility within an organization. Survey data from 391 Directors of Nursing (response rate of 37%) from 2017-2018, were merged with secondary data from CMS Nursing Home COVID-19 Public File, LTCFocus, Area Health Resource File, and Nursing Home Compare. A Poisson regression was used to examine reported COVID-19 death and employee empowerment. The independent variable employee empowerment was the mean score of summated Likert scale questions. Control variables included organizational (size, location, ownership, chain affiliation, quality, payer mix, acuity, occupancy, and race/ethnicity, staffing mix), and county factors (Medicare Advantage penetration, per capita income, poverty, unemployment, education, 65+ population, and competition). Employee empowerment was associated with a lower number of COVID-19 cases (p &lt; 0.05). Rural, not-for-profit, and payer-mix were also significantly associated with a lower number of COVID-19 deaths. Employee empowerment captures the decentralization of authority and an employee’s ability to make decisions without approval. In light of this crisis, empowerment may have helped under-resourced nursing homes be more agile and faster in their response. High-Medicaid nursing homes may need to consider different decision-making practices when faced with a crisis, such as, COVID-19.
Trajectories of Body Mass Index and Multimorbidity in Old Age: 12-Year Results From a Population-Based Study
Authors: Calderón-Larrañaga Amaia , Hu Xiaonan , Guo Jie , Ferrucci Luigi , Xu Weili , Vetrano Davide 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We aimed to study the association of long-terms trajectories of body mass index (BMI) with contemporaneous changes in multimorbidity development in older adults. Twelve-year BMI trajectories (2001–2013) were identified in subjects aged 60+ years from the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care-Kungsholmen (SNAC-K) using growth mixture models (N=2,189). Information on chronic diseases and multimorbidity was ascertained based on clinical examinations, lab tests, medications, and inpatient and outpatient medical records. Linear mixed models were used to study the association between BMI trajectories and the speed of chronic diseases accumulation, in general and by groups of cardiovascular and neuropsychiatric diseases. Eighty percent of the study population was included in a stable BMI trajectory, 18% in a slow-decline trajectory with an accelerated BMI decline from age 78 onwards, and 2% in a fast-decline trajectory that reached underweight values before age 85. A significantly higher yearly rate of chronic disease accumulation was observed in the fast-decline versus stable trajectories (β=0.221, 95% CI 0.090-0.352) after adjusting for age, sex, education and time to death. Subjects in the slow-decline trajectory showed a significantly higher rate of cardiovascular diseases accumulation (β=0.016, 95% CI 0.000-0.031); those in the fast-decline trajectory showed a faster accumulation of both cardiovascular (β=0.020, 95% CI -0.025, 0.064) and neuropsychiatric diseases (β=0.102, 95% CI 0.064-0.139), even if the former association did not reach statistical significance. Carefully monitoring older adults with sustained weight loss seems relevant given their likelihood to develop a phenotype of rapidly accumulating chronic -especially neuropsychiatric- diseases.
Bringing Transdisciplinary Aging Research From Theory to Practice
Authors: Sargent Lana , Gendron Tracey , Mackiewicz Marissa , Diallo Ana , Zanjani Faika , Price Elvin , Parsons Pamela , Ford Gregory 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
There is a growing emphasis to use a transdisciplinary team approach to accelerate innovations in science to solve complex conditions associated with aging. However, the optimal organizational structure and process for how to accomplish transdisciplinary team science are unclear. In this study, we illustrate our team’s experience using transdisciplinary approaches to solve challenging and persistent problems for older adults living in urban communities. We describe our challenges and successes using the National Institutes of Health four-phase model of transdisciplinary team-based research. Using a de-identified survey, the team conducted an internal evaluation to identify features that created challenges including structural incongruities, interprofessional blind spots, group function, and group dynamics. The team then identified responses to address the features that created challenges and determined indicators for success. Indicators for success were identified by the team as a place for continued evaluation of the teams’ collaborative effectiveness, transdisciplinary integration, and impact on the university and aging community. This work resulted in the creation of the team’s Transdisciplinary Conceptual Model. This model became essential to understanding the complex interplay between societal factors, community partners, and academic partners. Conducting internal evaluations of transdisciplinary team processes is integral for teams to move beyond the multi- and interdisciplinary niche and to reach true transdisciplinary success. More research is needed to develop measures that assess team transdisciplinary integration. Once the process of transdisciplinary integration can be reliably assessed, the next step would be to determine the impact of transdisciplinary team science initiatives on aging communities.