bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Properties of SiC‐Si made via binder jet 3D printing of SiC powder, carbon addition, and silicon melt infiltration
Authors: Cramer Corson L. , Elliott Amy M. , Lara‐Curzio Edgar , Flores‐Betancourt Alexis , Lance Michael J. , Han Lu , Blacker Jesse , Trofimov Artem A. , Wang Hsin , Cakmak Ercan , Nawaz Kashif 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe report the physical and mechanical properties of ceramic composite materials fabricated by binder jet 3D printing (BJ3DP) with silicon carbide (SiC) powders, followed by phenolic resin infiltration and pyrolysis (IP) to generate carbon, and a final reactive silicon melt infiltration step. After two phenolic resin infiltration and pyrolysis cycles; porosity was less than 2%, Young's modulus was close to 300 GPa, and the flexural strength was 517.6 ± 24.8 MPa. However, diminishing returns were obtained after more than two phenolic resin infiltration and pyrolysis cycles as surface pores in carbon were closed upon the formation of SiC, resulting in reaction choking and residual‐free carbon and porosity. The instantaneous coefficient of thermal expansion of the composite was found to be independent of the number of phenolic IP cycles and had values of between 4.2 and 5.0 ppm/°C between 300 and 1000℃, whereas the thermal conductivity was found to have a weak dependence on the number of phenolic IP cycles. While the manufacturing procedures described here yielded highly dense, gas impermeable, siliconized SiC composites with properties comparable to those of bulk siliconized silicon carbide processed according to conventional techniques, BJ3DP enables the manufacture of objects with complex shape, unlike conventional techniques.
Targeting the glycans: A paradigm for host‐targeted and COVID‐19 drug design
Authors: Pourrajab Fatemeh 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThere is always a need for new approaches for the control of virus burdens caused by seasonal outbreaks, the emergence of novel viruses with pandemic potential and the development of resistance to current antiviral drugs. The outbreak of the 2019 novel coronavirus‐disease COVID‐19 represented a pandemic threat and declared a public health emergency of international concern. Herein, the role of glycans for the development of new drugs or vaccines, as a host‐targeted approach, is discussed where may provide a front‐line prophylactic or threats to protect against the current and any future respiratory‐infecting virus and possibly against other respiratory pathogens. As a prototype, the role of glycans in the coronavirus infection, as well as, galectins (Gal) as the glycan‐recognition agents (GRAs) in drug design are here summarized. Galectins, in particular, Gal‐1 and Gal‐3 are ubiquitous and important to biological systems, whose interactions with viral glycans modulate host immunity and homeostatic balance.
Boeravinone B alleviates gut dysbiosis during myocardial infarction‐induced cardiotoxicity in rats
Authors: Chen Yu , Peng Lei , Shi Shaoqing , Guo Gang , Wen Heling 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMyocardial infarction (MI) is the most common heart disease, and also, it is one of the leading causes of death from cardiovascular disease. It is well known that MI causes additional injury during blood flow restoration in ischaemic myocardium. Boeravinone B (BB) is a well‐known antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory drug. We investigated the cardioprotective effect of BB drug against isoproterenol (ISO)‐induced MI in rats in this experimental study, along with we analysed its underlying mechanism. Adult Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were treated subcutaneously with ISO (45 mg/kg), then divided into groups and then given BB drug was administered orally. The cardioprotective effect of BB on ISO‐induced MI rats was analysed by estimating the heart injury markers, antioxidant pro‐inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory parameters. We also detected quantified expression of inflammation and apoptosis‐related marker protein family. We estimated the effect of BB drug on GUT microbiota in ISO‐induced MI rats and scrutinized the histopathological variations in heart tissues. BB treatment significantly (P < .001) diminished the level of heart markers such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), troponin (TnT), creatine kinase (CK) and creatine kinase isoenzymes MB (CK‐MB). BB treatment also altered the antioxidant parameters and reduced the pro‐inflammatory cytokines in the serum and tissues. Additionally, the histopathological aspects demonstrated that the pathological changes observed in the heart tissue of the ISO group rats were suppressed by the BB treatment to varying degrees. Furthermore, the expressions of caspase‐3, p53, caspase‐9, Bax, interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), cytochrome C, neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (NGAL), tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) and interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) in the heart tissue were down‐regulated whereas the Bcl‐2 expression seemed to be enhanced. BB treatment not only alleviated ISO‐induced gut dysbiosis by its enhanced specified Firmicutesto‐Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio but also maintained the relative abundance of major bacteria such as Clostridium IV, Butyricicoccus, Clostridium XIVs, Akkermansia and Roseburia. Collectively, our findings showed that the BB drug acted against myocardial infraction and prevented the damage by reducing the oxidative stress and controlling the inflammatory pathways, and gut microbiota.
Theoretical model and experimental study on environmental dissipation mechanism of tapping mode atomic force microscope
Authors: Wei Zheng , Liu Jing , Wei Ruihua , Peng Anjie 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe phase information reflects the energy dissipation of the probe and sample interactions in tapping mode atomic force microscopes (TM AFMs). In this paper, we use the method of tune test in TM AFM to study the contribution of external environment to energy dissipation by changing the probe position and ambient humidity. Finally, the theoretical and experimental quality factors of air viscous damping, squeeze film damping and liquid bridge force are obtained to characterise energy dissipation. The analytically predicted values of the model established on squeeze film damping, viscous damping and liquid bridge force comparing to the experimental results in this paper is rational. And the comparative analysis results show that the main mechanism of energy dissipation is different at different probe positions and different relative humidness. This result is of great significance for understanding the mechanism of phase imaging experimentally and theoretically.
Masters of the countryside and their enemies: Class dynamics of agrarian change in rural Java
Authors: Habibi Muchtar 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper scrutinizes class dynamics of agrarian change in rural Java. Updating the literature of agrarian change on the island in the 21st century, the study shows how the agrarian ruling class (capitalist farmers and landlords) and classes of labour in contemporary rural Java negotiate over wages and working conditions, mediated by a local institution called a “village meeting.” Apart from dominating the agrarian landscape, capitalist farmers and landlords also occupy powerful positions in non‐agricultural spheres of village life and make themselves “the masters of the countryside.” The discussion on the struggle between the masters of the countryside and their enemies in the classes of labour offers a new understanding of how agricultural wages and working conditions are adjusted in Java. Our study of a Javanese village also highlights the importance of exploring the complexity of class location to understand the nature of class relations. Looking at both class location and class relations in a single analysis offers a fuller understanding of the class dynamics of agrarian change.
CD93 has a crucial role in pathogenesis of psoriasis
Authors: Shehata Wafaa Ahmed , Maraee Alaa Hassan , Tayel Nermin , Mohamed Asmaa S. , Abd El Gayed Eman M. , Elsayed Nehad Badr Abd Elaty , Mostafa Mohammed I. , Bazid Heba A. S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundPsoriasis is a chronic, immune‐related disorder; inflammation, higher rate of epidermal proliferation, and angiogenesis are the main pathognomonic features. Cluster of differentiation 93 (CD93), an angiogenic element, plays a role in cell adhesion regulation and has a putative function in inflammation.ObjectiveTo assess CD93 immunohistochemical expression in psoriatic skin and the association of CD93 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs2749817 to disease pathogenesis and severity.MethodsThis case‐control study was done on 50 patients with psoriasis vulgaris beside 50 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls. Assessment of psoriasis severity was done by Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score. 3 mm punch skin biopsies were taken from every participant, and hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining for CD93 antibody were done. Assessment of CD93 rs2749817 gene polymorphism by the TaqMan allelic discrimination assay technique (real‐time PCR) was done.ResultsImmunohistochemical expression of CD93 showed membrano‐cytoplasmic localization in both endothelial and inflammatory cells of cases and controls with significant more positivity in dermal endothelial and inflammatory cells of cases than controls (p = 0.001 and 0.014 respectively). Strong intensity was present in 18 of cases endothelial cells and 24 inflammatory cells with absence in controls (p =  0.001 for both) with significantly higher H‐score and higher percent of positive cells (p  =  0.001 for both).The TC genotype was lower in patients compared to control (p‐value = 0.006) and CC genotype which was present only in cases (p‐value = 0.021).ConclusionCluster of differentiation 93 has an essential role in psoriasis and an encouraging future therapy for psoriasis.
Use of Hyaluronic acid fillers in treatment of periorbital melanosis induced by tear trough deformity: Anatomical considerations, patient satisfaction, and management of complications
Authors: Nanda Soni , Bansal Shikha , Lakhani Ridhima 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundPeriocular melanosis (POM) due to shadow effect of tear trough deformity (TT) does not respond to the conventional treatment modalities. Hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers are a favurable treatment modality. This area is a high risk for injectables due to its unique anatomy.AimsTo find role of HA fillers in treatment POM due to TT deformity with special emphasis on practical anatomy, patient satisfaction rate, and management of complications. A correlation of the grade of TT, age of the patient, and patient satisfaction was done. A follow‐up at 1 year was done to assess longevity of results.MethodsRetrospective study of 60 cases of clinically diagnosed POM (120 TT) due to TT deformity was performed. Each patient was injected with 1 ml, cross‐linked HA 22.5 mg/ml in under‐eye area using 30 G needle or a 25 G cannula. Follow‐up was done at 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 1 year.ResultsMean age of patients was 36.4 years. Majority of patients, that is, 31 (52%) were in the age group of 30–40. As per Hirmand's classification, 46.6% (28/60) had grade 2 TT which was most common. We graded results in the form of VAS and 80% patients had VAS > 7. There were no major side effects.ConclusionHyaluronic acid fillers are promising treatment modality without any major side effects. Both needle and cannula can be used effectively. Patient satisfaction is higher in younger patients with low grade of TT and results persisted in all cases for a minimum of 1 year.
Parenthood, stress, and well‐being among cisgender and transgender gay and lesbian adults
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Chien Hai‐Yen , Wilkins Kiana K. , Gorman Bridget K. , Reczek Rin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study examines whether and how parenthood status is associated with two key aspects of health—mental well‐being and smoking—among sexual minority adults across three gender identity groups: cisgender gay men, cisgender lesbian women, and transgender gay/lesbian adults.BackgroundParents tend to report worse health than nonparents due to elevated stress associated with parenting. However, most existing scholarship de facto examines parental status and health among cisgender heterosexual adults. Little research has employed an intersectional approach to focus on parenthood and health differences within sexual minority adults across varying gender identities.MethodOrdinary least squares (OLS) and logistic regression models were used to analyze data from the 2010 Social Justice Sexuality Project (N = 2803), a survey of racially diverse sexual and gender minority adults residing in all 50 US states and Puerto Rico.ResultsIn a sample composed predominantly of people of color, parenthood status is related to both mental well‐being and smoking status among gay and lesbian adults, but this relationship is inconsistent across cisgender and transgender groups. OLS regression models show that parenthood is positively related to mental well‐being among gay and lesbian transgender people, whereas logistic regression results find that parenthood is associated with higher odds of smoking among cisgender gay men.ConclusionThese findings suggest that among a sample of sexual and gender minorities composed mostly of people of color, parenthood status is connected with the health and well‐being of gay and lesbian adults in ways that depend on gender identity.
Building Responsible Innovation in International Organizations through Intrapreneurship
Authors: Ambos Tina C. , Tatarinov Katherine 
Published: May 2021

AbstractResponsible innovation to address grand societal challenges has become the raison d’être of international organizations, such as the United Nations. Although these entities are established to act responsibly, they struggle to innovate. Acknowledging the tensions of this unique context, this study applies an inductive research methodology drawing on eight case studies of intrapreneurial initiatives in socially oriented organizations. The initiatives originated in country offices and scaled either organically (country‐by‐country) or strategically (via headquarters). This distinguishes two ways how the initiatives mitigate different responsible innovation tensions to foster competence development, structural alignment, and mission stretch. The findings add to the literatures on responsible innovation and intrapreneurship in large, complex organizations by uncovering the boundary conditions of non‐profit intrapreneurship, its tensions, and its scaling processes. This study builds theory that intrapreneurial initiatives can foster digital transformation and contribute to the development of an organizational capability for responsible innovation via organizational imprinting.
A mixed methods study reviewing consumer experiences for oral health treatment in Medicaid‐eligible children in Florida
Authors: Zolnikov Tara Rava , Garces Kristin , Masood Azam , King Roderick , Robbins Mary , McGuigan Katelyn 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesOral health is essential to a person's overall health, well‐being, and dignity; unfortunately, dental caries, which can cause pain and difficulty eating, affect approximately 50 percent of children between 6 and 8 years old. This is in part because Medicaid‐eligible children face numerous obstacles obtaining dental care. To date, there are 74 million Americans who do not have dental coverage or access to dental services, which is strongly associated with race, class, gender, and ethnicity. The objective of this research was to identify barriers to accessing and utilizing children's Medicaid oral health care and services, to evaluate care delivery and quality, and to assist in establishing a more consumer‐driven approach.MethodsA mixed methods study was conducted throughout the state of Florida, using qualitative and quantitative data collection to seek answers to these questions. There were 422 surveys and 39 interviews distributed to Medicaid‐eligible families and individuals across the state; data collection focused on experiences with oral health care, gaps in current access to Medicaid dental care, and concerns when utilizing care.ResultsOur study shows the majority of barriers parents face when accessing Medicaid oral health care are due to logistical access issues, such as cost, appointment wait‐times, and confusion surrounding which dental providers accept specific insurance plans. The findings also highlight how location, race, language, and ethnicity impact families who lack preventive dental health services access and how, in turn, families view their own access to dental services.ConclusionUltimately, there exists an avenue to implement programs and policies that address existing disparities in oral health to improve health outcomes by increasing access to care and reducing cultural and socioeconomic barriers.
The Playful Writing Project: exploring the synergy between young children's play and writing with Reception class teachers
Authors: Smith Kate 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study highlights the potential of play to support young children's mark‐making and writing and, in turn, shows how writing can become a driver of play. By detailing elements of this symbiotic relationship, the intention was for teachers as practitioner–researchers to deepen their professional knowledge of how best to support young children in meaningful writing activity, thereby countering policy‐led reductive understandings of both play and literacy. During a year‐long research project, six English reception class teachers gathered photographs, video and multimodal observations of children and used these to analyse how multimodal mark‐making and writing occurred as part of play in their classrooms. From this analysis, the concept of ‘playful writing’ was developed. This identified three interconnecting characteristics that mark‐making and writing has as part of play activity: social function, multimodal movement and material possibilities. The findings of the study indicate that young children's classroom play stimulates the multimodal, social and material dimensions needed for the creation of meaningful and transformative writing. The study highlights the importance of harnessing teachers' expertise in paying close attention to children's playful literacy, in order to create a strong knowledge base from which to make the best decisions about literacy practices with young children.
A simple macro‐model of COVID‐19 with special reference to India
Authors: Parui Pintu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMotivated by the prevailing severe situation in India, we extend the SIR(S) model of infectious diseases to incorporate demand dynamics and its interaction with COVID‐19 spread. We argue that, on one hand, the spread of COVID‐19 creates panic among consumers and firms and negatively affects economic activity. On the other hand, economic activity intensifies the spread of the infection. Initially assuming that recovered individuals do not develop antibodies and become susceptible again, we capture the interaction between economic activity and the spread of the disease in a two‐dimensional dynamical system. We show that a large fiscal expansion combined with measures to boost community health and improve the health sector's capacity to provide critical care can simultaneously improve the economy and control the spread of the disease. Finally, assuming that only a fraction of recovered individuals become susceptible to contracting the diseases again, we obtain richer dynamics in a three‐dimensional dynamical system. This paper also highlights the important role of infection rates and the recovery rate in determining the uniqueness and the stability properties of steady state.
Morphological and genetic identification of fungal genus/species in formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded specimens obtained from patients with histologically proven fungal infection
Authors: Sunagawa Keishin , Nakamura Shigeki , Sato Yuko , Iida Shun , Miyazaki Yoshitsugu , Suzuki Tadaki , Katano Harutaka 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough fungi are found relatively easily by microscopic examination of pathological samples, identification of fungal genus and species in pathological samples is not easy because the morphological features of fungi are similar among genera and species.ObjectivesA multiple real‐time PCR was developed for identification of fungal genus/species, and morphological characterizations of fungi were analysed in pathological samples.Patients/MethodsSeventy‐five formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) samples morphologically proven to contain any fungus were examined. A multiple real‐time PCR system was developed to identify 25 fungal genus/species in pathological samples. Morphology of fungus in the specimens was re‐reviewed retrospectively based on the results of real‐time PCR.ResultsReal‐time PCR identified fungal genus/species in 56 of 75 (74.6%) specimens with histologically proven fungal infection. In 53 specimens of filamentous fungi, Aspergillus spp. (22 specimens), Cladosporium (8), Scedosporium apiospermum (4), Malassezia sympodialis (1) and Candida albicans (1) were identified. Pseudohyphae of Candida were confused with filamentous fungus in a case. Morphological observation suggested differences in the presence of septated or non‐septated hyphae, the filament size, and the branch angle among genus/species of filamentous fungi; however, genus/species was not able to be determined by their morphological features. In 22 specimens of yeasts, real‐time PCR allowed for the identification of Candida albicans (12 specimens), Candida glabrata (2), Cladosporium (2), Scedosporium apiospermum (2), Pichia kudriavzevii (1) and Aspergillus sydowii (1).ConclusionsThese data suggest that it is difficult to identify fungal genus/species by morphological features alone. Real‐time PCR is useful to identify fungal genus/species in pathological samples.
Naked resting bud morphologies and their taxonomic and geographic distributions in temperate, woody floras
Authors: Schoonderwoerd Kristel M. , Friedman William E. 
Published: May 2021

Summary

Resting bud cataphylls are often assumed to play an essential protective role in winter due to their widespread presence among temperate, woody plants. This view is challenged by our documentation of significant numbers of temperate woody angiosperm taxa with naked buds that overwinter without cataphyll protection.

We inventoried temperate, woody angiosperm taxa reported to have resting buds without cataphyll protection in winter and for the first time characterised the morphological and functional diversity of naked buds. Using this new classification of bud types, the taxonomic and geographic distributions of taxa with naked buds were summarised and relationships between plant functional traits and bud type were investigated.

Naked buds are not, as long presumed, markedly rare in temperate, woody floras. They occur in at least 87 genera in 42 families throughout the angiosperm phylogeny in various morphologically distinct manifestations. The geographic distribution of species with naked buds in temperate areas was found to be associated with summer precipitation, but not with winter climatic variables.

Resting bud structure is not necessarily a trait optimised solely for winter survival. A taxon’s bud composition may be influenced by factors such as biogeographic history and ontogenetic pattern of leaf formation over the growing season.