bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does Early Neonatal Thrombocytopenia Affect Ductal Therapeutic Response to Acetaminophen in Preterm Neonates?
Authors: Bin-Nun Alona , Abu-Omar Rawan , Shchors Irina , Mimouni Francis , Hammerman Cathy 
Published: December 2021

Objective Perinatal thrombocytopenia has been shown to affect responsiveness to therapeutic ductal closure with cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors. This has not been studied in responsiveness to acetaminophen, which has less effect on platelet function. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether thrombocytopenia affects ductal responsiveness to acetaminophen.Study Design This study was a retrospective review of preterm neonates <1,500 g. Echocardiograms were performed within the first week of life; if ductal status was found to be hemodynamically significant, infants were treated with acetaminophen.Results We studied 254 infants. Fifty-seven of these (22%) had a hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (hsPDA) and were treated with acetaminophen. Forty (70%) of those treated responded with ductal closure after one to two courses of acetaminophen. Seventeen infants were considered nonresponsive, requiring the addition of ibuprofen and/or surgical ligation. Sixty seven of the 254 infants (26%) developed moderate thrombocytopenia (platelets <100,000) within the first 10 days of life, more within the hsPDA group (54 vs. 18% p < 0.001); however, no differences in platelet-related parameters were observed between those who did and did not respond to acetaminophen treatment when comparing infants with hsPDA. Twenty-six of the 67 thrombocytopenic infants were already thrombocytopenic prior to acetaminophen treatment, and 19 of these 26 (73%) with pretreatment thrombocytopenia responded to acetaminophen treatment—with the overall response rate of 70%.Conclusions This study is the first to document that, in contrast to the COX inhibitors, there is no association between early neonatal thrombocytopenia and ductal therapeutic responsiveness to acetaminophen.Key Points
Chemical Principles of Boophone, Nerine, Crossyne, Clivia, Cryptostephanus, Haemanthus and Scadoxus of the South African Amaryllidaceae and Their Biological
Properties
Authors: Nair Jerald J. , van Staden Johannes 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe Amaryllidaceae features prominently amongst bulbous flowering plant families. Accommodating about a third of its species, South Africa affords a sound basis for Amaryllidaceae plant
research. Boophone, Nerine, Crossyne, Clivia, Cryptostephanus, Haemanthus and Scadoxus have been well-represented in such endeavors. The account herein summarizes the studies
undertaken between 2013 – 2020 on these genera in regards to their chemical and biological characteristics. A total of 136 compounds comprising 63 alkaloids and 73 non-alkaloid entities were
described during this period from eighteen members of the title genera. The alkaloids were reflective of the structural diversity found in eight isoquinoline alkaloid groups of the
Amaryllidaceae. Of these, the crinane (29 compounds), lycorane and homolycorine (11 compounds each) groups were the most-represented. The non-alkaloid substances were embracive of the same
number of unrelated groups including, acids, phenolics, flavonoids and triterpenoids. A wide variety of assays were engaged to ascertain the biological activities of the isolated compounds,
notably in regards to cancer and motorneuron-related diseases. There were also attempts made to determine the antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of some of the
substances. New information has also emerged on the herbicidal, insecticidal and plant growth regulatory effects of selected alkaloid principles. Coupled to the biological screening measures
were in instances probes made to establish the molecular basis to some of the activities, particularly in relation to cancer and Parkinsonʼs disease.
Adventures in 1,3-Selenazole Chemistry
Authors: Langer Peter 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe synthesis of 1,3-selenazoles and related compounds, including 2,4,5-trisubstituted, 2,4-disubstituted, 4,5-disubstituted, 4-substituted 1,3-selenazoles, and parent unsubstituted 1,3-selenazole, is highlighted. Emphasis is also given on 2-benzoyl-1,3-selenazoles which can be functionalized by Knoevenagel reactions or by rearrangements via their corresponding oximes. Syntheses of bis-, tris-, and tetrakis(1,3-selenazoles) are discussed as well. 1,3,4-6H-Selenadiazines are available from selenosemicarbazides and can undergo ring-contraction or deselenation reactions. Most syntheses rely on the application of selenocarboxylic amides, selenourea and related building blocks which are conveniently available by reaction of the corresponding oxygen analogues with P4Se10.1	Introduction2	Selenocarboxylic Amides3	2,4,5-Tri- and 2,4-Disubstituted 1,3-Selenazoles4	Bis(1,3-selenazoles)5	2-Amino-1,3-selenazoles6	2-Unsubstituted 1,3-Selenazoles7	1,3,4-Selenadiazines8	Conclusions
Traumatic Spondyloptosis: Neurological, Surgical, and Outcome Perspectives in a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Singh Rahul , Prasad Ravi Shankar , Singh Ashvamedh , Singh Kulwant , Sahu Anurag 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Objective To evaluate traumatic spondyloptosis cases for neurological, surgical, and outcome perspectives.
Materials and Methods This retrospective study includes 17 patients of spondyloptosis admitted in our department between August 2016 and January 2020. Each patient was evaluated in terms of demographic profile, clinical presentation, duration of injury, mode of injury, associated injuries, level and type of spondyloptosis, spinal cord status, nociceptive and neuropathic pain severity, severity of injury based on International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (ISNCSI) assessment, surgical approaches, complications, and outcome. Unpaired t- test and Chi-square test were used for statistical analysis. Values with p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Results Fall from height (58.8%) was the most common mode of injury. Most common level of spondyloptosis was T12–L1 (41.1%). Sagittal–plane spondyloptosis (76.5%) were more common than coronal–plane spondyloptosis (23.5%). Most common associated injury was musculoskeletal (64.7%). Neurological status of the patient at presentation (p = 0.0007) was significantly associated with outcome after 3 months of surgery/conservative management. Residual listhesis was present in 53.3% of patients postoperatively. Postoperative nociceptive pain (p = 0.0171) and neuropathic pain (0.0329) were significantly associated with residual listhesis. Duration of injury (p = 0.0228) was also significantly associated with postoperative residual listhesis.
Conclusion Complete reduction of spondyloptosis should be the goal of surgery. Overall prognosis of spinal cord injury (SCI) due to traumatic spondyloptosis is poor.
Preoperative Computed Tomography Angiography for ALT Flaps Optimizes Design and Reduces Operative Time
Authors: Schneider Christopher M. , Palines Patrick A. , Womac Daniel J. , Tuggle Charles T. , St Hilaire Hugo , Stalder Mark W. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background Computed tomography angiography (CTA) has been widely used for perforator mapping in abdominal-based reconstruction, but it is less widespread in the anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap. However, CTA may be quite useful for ALT planning, as this flap has demonstrated substantial variability in intrapatient bilateral vascular anatomy. This study investigated whether standard use of preoperative CTA resulted in selection of the donor extremity with preferential perforator anatomy, and whether this affected operative time and postoperative outcomes.
Methods A retrospective review of 105 patients who underwent proposed ALT flap reconstruction was performed. Seventy-nine patients received bilateral lower extremity CTAs, which were evaluated for dominant perforator anatomy (septocutaneous, musculoseptocutaneous, or musculocutaneous). Donor extremity selection was noted, and predicted perforator anatomy was compared with that encountered intraoperatively.
Results Among the 73 patients who received bilateral imaging and ultimately received an ALT, congruent findings between imaging and surgical exploration were observed in 51 (69.8%) patients. Thirty (37.9%) patients had asymmetric perforator anatomy between their bilateral extremities on imaging. Among these, the leg with optimal perforator anatomy was selected in 70% of cases. There were no significant reductions among postoperative complication rates, but selection of the donor site with preferential anatomy was associated with a decrease in operative time (p = 0.049) among patients undergoing extremity reconstruction.
Conclusion CTA is a useful tool for optimizing donor site selection for ALT flaps and reducing operative time. We believe that standard use of preoperative CTA in ALTs warrants further consideration.
Designing An Anterolateral Thigh Flap Using Ultrasound
Authors: Visconti Giuseppe , Bianchi Alessandro , Hayashi Akitatsu , Salgarello Marzia 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background Preoperative knowledge of themicrovascular anatomy of a patientmay improve safetyand efficacy and reduce morbidity. Today, with the advancement in technology, ultrasound can provide minute details of the structures within the body, which makes this technology very helpful in preoperative evaluation of the traditional perforator flaps as well as thin, superthin, and pure skin perforator flaps.
Methods In this article, we will describe the design of one of the most popular perforator flaps, the anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap, using high-frequency and ultrahigh-frequency ultrasound technology.
Results Ultrasound technology allows to study preoperatively the ALT donor-site and its microvascular anatomy by using different US modalities in order to provide a virtual surgical plan to the operating surgeon.
Conclusion Ultrasound technology allow to expand preoperative knowledge of flap microvascular anatomy and its course within the subcutaneous tissue up to and within the dermis, allowing to select the best perforator for the given reconstruction and the plane of elevation for thin, superthin and pure skin perforator flap.
Microsurgical Scalp Reconstruction: An Overview of the Contemporary Approach
Authors: Song Ping , Pu Lee L. Q. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background Microsurgical scalp reconstruction has evolved immensely in the last half-century. The core concepts of microsurgical scalp reconstruction have always been to transfer soft tissue of a sufficient quality to within the defect while minimizing donor site morbidity. Refinements in scalp reconstruction consist of both improvement in reducing donor site morbidity and enhancing recipient site contour and balance. Furthermore, technical advancements and the vast experience within our field have allowed for preoperative evaluation of recipient vessels that are more favorable in proximity to the scalp.
Methods In this review, we aim to describe the contemporary approach to microsurgical scalp reconstruction. This is to include the indications of choosing free flaps as well as how to select the ideal flap based on patient-oriented factors. The need for cranioplasty, recipient vessel selection, operative technique, and reoperations is also reviewed. In addition, our considerations and the nuances within each category are also described.
Summary Scalp reconstructions involve the fundamental tenants of plastic surgery and demand application of these principles to each case on an individual basis and a successful reconstruction must consider all aspects, with backup options at the ready. Two workhorse free flaps, the anterolateral thigh perforator and latissimus dorsi muscles flaps, serve a primary role in the contemporary approach to microsurgical scalp reconstruction.
Conclusion We hope this review can lay the foundation for which future plastic surgeons may continue to build and advance the approach to complex microsurgical scalp reconstruction.
CT-Guided Transhepatic Catheter Drainage of Deep Postoperative Collections: Initial Experience
Authors: Baby Akhil , Joy Danny , Dash Nihar R. , Pal Sujoy , Srivastava Deep N. , Madhusudhan Kumble S. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose This article assesses the safety and utility of transhepatic drainage of deep seated postoperative intra-abdominal collections under computed tomography (CT) guidance in a short series.
Methods This retrospective study included five patients (mean age: 45.8 years; 3 males, 2 females) who underwent CT-guided transhepatic drainage of postoperative abdominal abscess in our department between April 2019 and December 2020. The clinical and surgical details and the details of the transhepatic drainage procedure were evaluated along with success rates and complications.
Results The surgical procedures were Whipple's pancreaticoduodenectomy in four patients and gastrectomy in one patient. Four out of five abscesses were drained through the right lobe of liver, while one was through the left lobe with a technical success rate of 100%. The mean total time for catheter drainage procedure including patient positioning and preparation was 29.2 minutes. None of the patients had procedure-related complications. Mean duration of catheter drainage was 12 days. All patients had complete resolution of symptoms after drainage and the clinical success rate was 100%.
Conclusion Transhepatic approach is safe and effective for the drainage of inaccessible postoperative abdominal collections or abscesses where a standard percutaneous approach is not possible.
Perforator-Based Flap Reconstruction after Melanoma Resection: Evaluation of Oncological, Aesthetic, and Functional Outcomes
Authors: Brunetti Beniamino , Salzillo Rosa , Tenna Stefania , Brunetti Bruno , Bonetti Mario Alessandri , Rivieccio Antonia , Persichetti Paolo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background Evidence in literature about the best reconstructive approach after melanoma resection is controversial, with some authors advocating that tissue rearrangement flap techniques might hinder the early detection of local relapses. The aim of the present study is to evaluate oncological, aesthetic, and functional outcomes following melanoma reconstruction using pedicled perforator-based flaps.
Methods The authors reviewed all patients affected by melanoma treated during a 6-year period. Demographic data, tumor characteristics, and operative variables were evaluated. Locoregional recurrence was assessed with clinical and radiological follow-up. One-year postoperatively patients rated on a 5-point Likert scale the aesthetic and functional outcomes of the procedure. Three blind observers examined preoperative and 1-year postoperative photographs and rated the aesthetic outcome of the reconstructive procedure.
Results One-hundred sixty-five patients were treated with wide excision and delayed reconstruction, including pedicled perforator-based flaps in 70 patients (group A) and primary closure in 95 patients (group B). Mean Breslow thickness was 2.972 and 2.189 mm in group A and B, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in locoregional recurrence (chi-squared test, p = 0.8333; Fisher's exact test, p > 0.9999) between the two groups. Group A reported a higher satisfaction with both the aesthetic (mean rating 4.390 in group A and 4.094 in group B) and functional (mean rating 4.732 in group A and 4.170 in group B) outcomes of the procedure, the latter being statistically significant (p = 0.0006).
Conclusion This series suggests that pedicled perforator-based flaps provide optimal aesthetic and functional outcomes in melanoma reconstruction without impairing the locoregional control of the disease.
5 Metal-Catalyzed C—H Activation
Authors: Xing Y.-K. , Fang P. , Wang Z.-H. , Mei T.-S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSynthetic organic electrochemistry is currently experiencing a renaissance, the merger of electrochemistry with transition-metal-catalyzed C—H activation would provide not only an environmentally friendly approach, but also offer new opportunities that conventional transition-metal catalysis may not have achieved. In this chapter, we summarize the recent progress made in catalytic C—H activation reactions using organometallic electrochemistry, including C—C, C—O, C—N, C—halogen, and C—P bond-forming reactions.
6 Bipolar Electrochemistry for Synthesis
Authors: Villani E. , Inagi S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBipolar electrochemistry has gained remarkable interest in recent years, especially in the fields of materials science and organic electrosynthesis. This is due to the interesting features of this particular electrochemical technology, such as the contactless nature of the electrochemical reactions, the use of low concentrations of supporting electrolytes, and the synergetic action of electrophoresis and electrolysis. In this chapter, the most important contributions regarding bipolar electrochemistry for the electrosynthesis of novel functional materials are reviewed. These contributions include the most traditional industrial applications and bipolar reactors for electroorganic synthesis, as well as innovative approaches for the fabrication of anisotropic materials and gradient surfaces. The peculiar characteristics of bipolar electrochemistry in these fields are emphasized.
Are TOPF and WRAT WR Interchangeable Measures among Psychiatric Inpatients?
Authors: Rosen Alexis S , King Loren C , Kinney Dominique I , Nitch Stephen R , Glassmire David M 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objective
To examine whether Test of Premorbid Functioning (TOPF) and Wide Range Achievement Test—Word Reading subtest (WRAT WR) are interchangeable measures, and the relationship between these measures and intelligence, among patients with schizophrenia.

Method
In this archival study, the authors examined neuropsychology referrals of an inpatient forensic state hospital. Patients with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD) who received the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Fourth Edition or the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence—Second Edition and either TOPF or WRAT WR were considered for inclusion. The final sample consisted of 119 individuals (73.1% male).

Results
Although there was a linear relationship between most TOPF variables and WRAT WR, their concordance was weak (concordance correlation coefficients [CCC] &lt; 0.90). Poor concordance was also observed between current FSIQ and all standard scores (SS) derived from word reading measures. FSIQ-word reading measure discrepancy scores differed significantly from a hypothesized mean of 0 (mean discrepancy range = −7.42 to −16.60). Discrepancies greater than one standard deviation (&gt;1 SD) were highest among demographics-based SS (i.e. TOPF Predicted and Simple without TOPF). Performance-based SS, particularly TOPF Actual and WRAT4 WR, had the fewest discrepancy scores &gt;1 SD fromFSIQ.

Conclusions
TOPF and WRAT WR should not be used interchangeably among institutionalized patients with SSDs. TOPF and WRAT WR were discrepant from FSIQ, with demographic variables producing higher SS relative to performance-based variables. Future research is needed to determine which of these measures more accurately estimates intelligence among inpatients withSSDs.
Wall shear stress angle is associated with aortic growth in bicuspid aortic valve patients
Authors: Minderhoud Savine C S , Roos-Hesselink Jolien W , Chelu Raluca G , Bons Lidia R , van den Hoven Allard T , Korteland Suze-Anne , van den Bosch Annemien E , Budde Ricardo P J , Wentzel Jolanda J , Hirsch Alexander 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Aims
Aortic wall shear stress (WSS) distributions in bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) patients have been associated with aortic dilatation, but prospective, longitudinal data are missing. This study assessed differences in aortic WSS distributions between BAV patients and healthy controls and determined the association of WSS with aortic growth in patients.

Methods and results
Sixty subjects underwent four-dimensional (4D) flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance of the thoracic aorta (32 BAV patients and 28 healthy controls). Peak velocity, pulse wave velocity, aortic distensibility, peak systolic WSS (magnitude, axial, and circumferential), and WSS angle were assessed. WSS angle is defined as the angle between the WSSmagnitude and WSSaxial component. In BAV patients, three-year computed tomography angiography-based aortic volumetric growth was determined in the proximal and entire ascending aorta. WSSaxial was significantly lower in BAV patients compared with controls (0.93 vs. 0.72 Pa, P = 0.047) and WSScircumferential and WSS angle were significantly higher (0.29 vs. 0.64 Pa and 18° vs. 40°, both P &lt; 0.001). Significant volumetric growth of the proximal ascending aorta occurred in BAV patients (from 49.1 to 52.5 cm3, P = 0.003). In multivariable analysis corrected for baseline aortic volume and diastolic blood pressure, WSS angle was the only parameter independently associated with proximal aortic growth (P = 0.031). In the entire ascending aorta, besides the WSS angle, the WSSmagnitude was also independently associated with growth.

Conclusion
Increased WSScircumferential and especially WSS angle are typical in BAV patients. WSS angle was found to predict aortic growth. These findings highlight the potential role of WSS measurements in BAV patients to stratify patients at risk for aortic dilation.
Implementation of Forestry Best Management Practices and Sediment Delivery in Three Regions of North Carolina and Virginia
Authors: Hawks Brent S , Bolding M Chad , Aust W Michael , Barrett Scott M , Schilling Erik , Horton Celeste N 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Forestry best management practices (BMPs) were created in response to the Clean Water Act of 1972 to protect water quality from nonpoint source pollutants such as sediment. The objectives of this study were to quantify the relationship between BMP implementation and sediment delivery on 58 recently harvested sites across three physiographic regions and five forest operational features. BMP implementation rates, erosion rates, sediment delivery ratios, and sediment masses were calculated at 183 silt fences functioning as sediment traps adjacent to streams in Virginia and North Carolina. Major access system features, including stream crossings, skid trails, and haul roads, typically delivered the greatest sediment mass to streams and had the highest sediment delivery ratios on a per feature basis. When accounting for sediment mass delivered and area in each feature, harvest area accounted for approximately 70% of sediment delivered to streams for all regions. Most features had proportionally higher erosion rates than sediment masses collected at silt fences, indicating that most erosion generated by forest operations is being trapped by either harvest areas or streamside management zones. For most features and regions, as BMP implementation increased, erosion rates and the sediment masses delivered to streams decreased.