bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caregiver–infant and toddler interactions during diapering: Caregiver responsiveness and child well‐being and involvement
Authors: Laurin Deborah E. , Guss Shannon S. , Horm Diane 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTThe findings of this empirical research provide new information about the importance of caregiver interactions during care routines, specifically diaper changing, in supporting infant and toddler involvement and well‐being. This correlational study involved observations of 144 separate diapering cycles by 31 caregivers with 74 infants and toddlers in 30 infant and toddler classrooms in a U.S. Midwest city. Based on these observations, caregiver responsiveness was found to be significantly related to both child involvement and child well‐being. Another feature of caregivers’ behavior, caregiver encouragement, was significantly associated with child well‐being, but not child involvement. The study results suggest that caregivers’ behaviors, specifically responsiveness and encouragement, during diapering are vital proximal processes in the moment‐to‐moment interactions between a caregiver and child. Thus, responsiveness and encouragement in care routines should be emphasized in infant care settings and be a focus for caregiver professional development, including pre‐ and in‐service training. Although training related to diapering is often restricted to health concerns, the findings suggest that specific caregiver–child interactions during this care routine may support or hinder children's well‐being and involvement in the moment. Caregiver responsiveness to children's cues in this context may enhance children's opportunities to practice involvement in bidirectional relationships and support children's well‐being.
Establishment of time‐resolved fluoroimmunoassay of IgG4 based on magnetic microspheres
Authors: Wu Qingqing , Hang Chen , Li Ting , Wang Binrong , Qin Yuan , Wang Yigang , Zhou Xiumei , Xia Pengguo , Sheng Huiming , Huang Pei , Huang Biao 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe abnormal increase in serum IgG4 level is an important clinical symptom of IgG4‐related disease (IgG4‐RD), and the detection of serum IgG4 level is a powerful tool for the diagnosis of IgG4‐RD. This study was conducted to establish a simple and rapid immunoassay for the determination of human serum IgG4 levels.MethodsBased on the competition method, a novel immunoassay was established for the determination of human serum IgG4 using a combination of time‐resolved fluoroimmunoassay (TRFIA) and magnetic microspheres. IgG4 was coupled with magnetic microspheres and competed with IgG4 in the samples to bind the Eu3+‐labeled anti‐IgG4 antibody. The immunocomplex was separated and washed in a magnetic field, and the fluorescence counts were measured according to the number of dissociated europium ions.ResultsThe analytical sensitivity of IgG4‐TRFIA based on magnetic microspheres was 0.006 g/L, and the detection range was 0.006–20 g/L under optimal conditions. The precision, recovery, and specificity of this immunoassay were demonstrated to be acceptable. The clinical application of IgG4‐TRFIA based on magnetic microspheres was evaluated and compared with that of immunonephelometry. The results showed that the two detection methods had a good correlation, with a correlation coefficient of .9871.ConclusionIgG4‐TRFIA based on magnetic microspheres has the advantages of high sensitivity, wide detection range, and short analysis time and has the potential to become a useful tool for the diagnosis of IgG4‐RD.
Gatekeeper training for friends and family of individuals at risk of suicide: A systematic review
Authors: Morton Michael , Wang Shijing , Tse Kristen , Chung Carolyn , Bergmans Yvonne , Ceniti Amanda , Flam Shelley , Johannes Robb , Schade Kathryn , Terah Flora , Rizvi Sakina 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimsGatekeeper training (GKT) is an important suicide prevention strategy. Studies have evaluated the effectiveness of GKT in different populations, often neglecting family and friends who play a vital role in caring for people with suicide risk. This review evaluated GKT programs targeting family and friends to determine their effectiveness in this specific population.MethodsAcademic databases were searched for studies on GKT programs. Programs involving family and friends caring for people with suicide risk were assessed for any impact on knowledge, self‐efficacy, attitudes, and suicide prevention skills.ResultsSeventeen studies were reviewed. GKT showed significant gains on outcomes of interest. Three studies targeted family and friends, with one involving them in program creation and conduction and another adjusting the program after their input.ConclusionsGKT programs have potentially positive effects on family and friends caring for people with suicide risk. Few programs address the specific needs of this group, and programs adapted specifically for them are scarce. Future program development recommendations are discussed.
Fine structures and their impacts on the characteristic Raman spectra of molten binary alkali tungstates
Authors: Wang Jian , Wang Min , You Jinglin , Lu Liming , Wan Songming , Wu Yongquan , Zheng Shaobo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractComparing with the crystalline tungstate compounds, little work has been carried out and reported on the relation among the microstructure, W–O bond lengths, and characteristic Raman‐active vibration wavenumber of the molten tungstates, which allows us to diagnose and determine the structure of unknown clusters existing in and further predict the physicochemical properties of molten binary alkali tungstates. Raman spectra of an ensemble of eight model clusters were simulated in the present work by density functional theory (DFT) to establish the effect of the fine structures and W–Onb (non‐bridging oxygen) bond lengths of W–O complexes on the characteristic wavenumber of W–Onb Raman‐active vibration modes of the molten tungstates. Results show that the characteristic wavenumbers of the symmetric stretching vibration modes of W–Onb bonds increase almost linearly with the decreasing bond length. The characteristic wavenumbers of W–Onb symmetric stretching vibration modes generally follow [WO4]2− > [WO5]4− > [WO6]6− present in the melt simultaneously. The characteristic wavenumbers were also found to increase with the number of bridging oxygen for the same W–O complex. In situ Raman spectra of molten A2WnO3n + 1 (A = Li, Na, K; n = 1, 2, 3) were then measured in order to verify the correlation observed among the microstructure, W–O bond lengths, and characteristic Raman‐active vibration mode wavenumbers. The correlation was successfully applied to deconvolute the in situ Raman spectrum of the molten Na2W3O10.
Numerical Simulations of Gas Sorption Experiments in Polymers: Influence of Aspect Ratio and Pressure Increase Rate on the Determination of Diffusion Coefficient
Authors: Kargar Mahboubeh , Handge Ulrich A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDiffusion and sorption phenomena of gases in polymers are of relevance for a number of technological applications, e.g., polymer foaming and membrane technology. The diffusion coefficient and the solubility, which depend on temperature and applied gas pressure, can be determined using the buoyancy method. In this work, the influence of two important parameters are investigated, i.e., the dimensions of the polymer sample and the pressure increase rate, on the accuracy of the determination of the diffusion coefficient D using gas sorption measurements. Numerical simulations on effectively two‐dimensional diffusion phenomena in polymers are performed in order to obtain “ideal” experimental data. This set of “ideal” experimental data for polymer samples with specified geometrical dimensions is used for determination of the diffusion coefficient based on the analytical solution of Fickian diffusion in one spatial dimension. Different fitting procedures for determination of the diffusion coefficient are compared. Because of the finite time, which is necessary for pressure increase in a sorption experiment, the influence of pressure increase rate is also studied. This analysis reveals that an aspect ratio larger than 32 and a time for pressure increase smaller than approximately 3 × 10−9 m2D−1 is necessary for a reliable determination of diffusion coefficient D.
Theoretical–Experimental Study of the Release of Chlorine during the Synthesis of BHET in the Presence of PVC
Authors: Victoria‐Valenzuela David , Morales‐Cepeda Ana Beatriz , Rivera‐Armenta José Luis , Angel‐Hernandez Miguel Ángel Del 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis work studies the chlorine (Cl) release during the esterification of terephthalic acid (TPA) and ethylene glycol (EG) due to the addition of different amounts of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) that emulates its presence as an impurity. With the aim to explore the possible effects of PVC presence and its dehydrochlorination during the syntheses of bis(2‐hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET) and with the aid of a mathematical model, the evolution releasing of Cl during PVC dehydrochlorination is analyzed. Theoretical results present a good correlation with experimental data that indicate the presence of Cl in the composition of the final product because the dehydrochlorination is incomplete. Additionally, the model predicts the temperature in that Cl can be completely released avoiding its presence in BHET. These kinds of studies are of particular interest when products with a high degree of purity are required, and Cl is detrimental to end applications.
Improving distortion correction for isotropic high‐resolution 3D diffusion MRI by optimizing Jacobian modulation
Authors: Liu Simin , Xiong Yuhui , Dai Erpeng , Zhang Jieying , Guo Hua 
Published: June 2021

PurposeTo improve distortion correction for isotropic high‐resolution whole‐brain 3D diffusion MRI when in a time‐saving acquisition scenario.Theory and methodsData were acquired using simultaneous multi‐slab (SMSlab) acquisitions, with a b = 0 image pair encoded by reversed polarity gradients (RPG) for phase encoding (PE) and diffusion weighted images encoded by a single PE direction. Eddy current‐induced distortions were corrected first. During the following susceptibility distortion correction, image deformation was first corrected by the field map estimated from the b = 0 image pair. Intensity variation was subsequently corrected by Jacobian modulation. Two Jacobian modulation methods were compared. They calculated the Jacobian modulation map from the field map, or from the deformation corrected b = 0 image pair, termed as JField and JRPG, respectively. A modified version of the JRPG method, with proper smoothing, was further proposed for improved correction performance, termed as JRPG‐smooth.ResultsCompared to JField modulation, less remaining distortions are observed when using the JRPG and JRPG‐smooth methods, especially in areas with large B0 field inhomogeneity. The original JRPG method causes signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) deficiency problem, which manifests as degraded SNR of the diffusion weighted images, while the JRPG‐smooth method maintains the original image SNR. Less estimation errors of diffusion metrics are observed when using the JRPG‐smooth method.ConclusionThis study improves the distortion correction for isotropic high‐resolution whole‐brain 3D diffusion MRI by optimizing Jacobian modulation. The optimized method outperforms the conventional JField method regarding intensity variation correction and accuracy of diffusion metrics estimation, and outperforms the original JRPG method regarding SNR performance.
AZD8055 enhances in vivo efficacy of afatinib in chordomas
Authors: Zhao Tianna , Siu I‐Mei , Williamson Tara , Zhang Haoyu , Ji Chenchen , Burger Peter C , Connis Nick , Ruzevick Jacob , Xia Menghang , Cottone Lucia , Flanagan Adrienne M , Hann Christine L , Gallia Gary L 
Published: June 2021

AbstractChordomas are primary bone tumors that arise in the cranial base, mobile spine, and sacrococcygeal region, affecting patients of all ages. Currently, there are no approved agents for chordoma patients. Here, we evaluated the anti‐tumor efficacy of small molecule inhibitors that target oncogenic pathways in chordoma, as single agents and in combination, to identify novel therapeutic approaches with the greatest translational potential. A panel of small molecule compounds was screened in vivo against patient‐derived xenograft (PDX) models of chordoma, and potentially synergistic combinations were further evaluated using chordoma cell lines and xenograft models. Among the tested agents, inhibitors of EGFR (BIBX 1382, erlotinib, and afatinib), c‐MET (crizotinib), and mTOR (AZD8055) significantly inhibited tumor growth in vivo but did not induce tumor regression. Co‐inhibition of EGFR and c‐MET using erlotinib and crizotinib synergistically reduced cell viability in chordoma cell lines but did not result in enhanced in vivo activity. Co‐inhibition of EGFR and mTOR pathways using afatinib and AZD8055 synergistically reduced cell viability in chordoma cell lines. Importantly, this dual inhibition completely suppressed tumor growth in vivo, showing improved tumor control. Together, these data demonstrate that individual inhibitors of EGFR, c‐MET, and mTOR pathways suppress chordoma growth both in vitro and in vivo. mTOR inhibition increased the efficacy of EGFR inhibition on chordoma growth in several preclinical models. The insights gained from our study potentially provide a novel combination therapeutic strategy for patients with chordoma. © 2021 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Multi‐institutional analysis of treatment modalities in basal ganglia and thalamic germinoma
Authors: Graham Richard T. , Abu‐Arja Mohammad H. , Stanek Joseph R. , Cappellano Andrea , Coleman Christina , Chi Susan , Cooney Tabitha , Dhall Girish , Ellen Jacob G. , Finlay Jonathan L. , Fisher Michael J. , Friedman Gregory K. , Gajjar Amar , Gauvain Karen , Hoffman Lindsey M. , Hukin Juliette , Lucas John T. , Mueller Sabine , Navalkele Pournima , Ronsley Rebecca , Tinkle Christopher , Villeneuve Stephanie , Yeo Kee Kiat , Su Jack M. , Margol Ashley , Gottardo Nicholas G. , Allen Jeffrey , Packer Roger , Bartels Ute , Abdelbaki Mohamed S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundCentral nervous system (CNS) germinomas are treatment‐sensitive tumors with excellent survival outcomes. Current treatment strategies combine chemotherapy with radiotherapy (RT) in order to reduce the field and dose of RT. Germinomas originating in the basal ganglia/thalamus (BGTGs) have proven challenging to treat given their rarity and poorly defined imaging characteristics. Craniospinal (CSI), whole brain (WBI), whole ventricle (WVI), and focal RT have all been utilized; however, the best treatment strategy remains unclear.MethodsRetrospective multi‐institutional analysis has been conducted across 18 institutions in four countries.ResultsFor 43 cases of nonmetastatic BGTGs, the 5‐ and 10‐year event‐free survivals (EFS) were 85.8% and 81.0%, respectively, while the 5‐ and 10‐year overall survivals (OS) were 100% and 95.5%, respectively (one patient fatality from unrelated cause). Median RT doses were as follows: CSI: 2250 cGy/cGy(RBE) (1980–2400); WBI: 2340 cGy/cGy(RBE) (1800–3000); WVI: 2340 cGy/cGy(RBE) (1800–2550); focal: 3600 cGy (3060–5400). Thirty‐eight patients (90.5%) received chemotherapy. There was no statistically significant difference in the EFS based on initial field extent (p = .84). Nevertheless, no relapses were reported in patients who received CSI or WBI. Chemotherapy alone had significantly inferior EFS compared to combined therapy (p = .0092), but patients were salvageable with RT.ConclusionPatients with BGTGs have excellent outcomes and RT proved to be an integral component of the treatment plan. This group of patients should be included in future prospective clinical trials and the best RT field should be investigated further.
Trinuclear salphen–chromium(III)chloride complexes as catalysts for the alternating copolymerization of epoxides and cyclic anhydrides
Authors: Cui Lei , Ren Bai‐Hao , Lu Xiao‐Bing 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAlthough the alternating copolymerization of epoxides and cyclic anhydrides is a promising route to aliphatic polyesters, improved catalysts are required to realize commercialization of this process. Herein, trinuclear chromium complexes of salicylaldimine, in conjunction with a nucleophilic cocatalyst, are demonstrated as excellent catalysts for epoxide/cyclic anhydride copolymerization, selectively affording perfectly alternating polyesters. The effect of the distance between the chromium species is investigated by varying the bridging skeleton in a series of trinuclear salphen–Cr(III)Cl complexes for obtaining different Cr–Cr distances. Trinuclear salphenCr(III)–complexes with Cr–Cr distances of approximately 7.3 Å are found to be efficient copolymerization catalysts, even at high temperatures and extremely low catalyst loadings. In particular, a high activity of 10,620 h−1 is obtained for the copolymerization of cyclohexene oxide (CHO) and phthalic anhydride (PA) under a low catalyst loading (<0.01 mol%) at 100 °C. In situ infrared spectroscopy studies suggest that the activation energy of the trinuclear Cr(III)–salphen catalyst for CHO/PA copolymerization is 15 kJ mol−1 lower than that of the corresponding mononuclear catalyst owing to an intramolecular synergistic effect among the metal atoms.
Surface Charge Regulated Asymmetric Ion Transport in Nanoconfined Space
Authors: Wu Yadong , Qian Yongchao , Niu Bo , Chen Jianjun , He Xiaofeng , Yang Linsen , Kong Xiang‐Yu , Zhao Yifei , Lin Xiangbin , Zhou Teng , Jiang Lei , Wen Liping 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe asymmetric ion transport in the nanoconfined space, similar to that of natural ion channels, has attracted broad interest in sensor, energy conversion, and other related fields. Among these systems, the surface charge plays an important role in regulating ion transport behaviors. Herein, this surface charge‐regulated asymmetric ion transport behavior is systematically explored in the nanoconfined space and the influence on the performance of nanofluidic energy conversion system. The ion transport behaviors in the nanoconfined space are classified into pure diffusion, electrical double layer, and the polarization controlled state. The asymmetric solution environment or surface charge distribution induces asymmetric ion transport behavior which is largely controlled by the low concentration side. The ion‐selectivity and the energy conversion performance can be effectively enhanced by improving the local apparent surface charge (more active sites and higher charge strength) or introducing a selective layer with dense surface charge on the low concentration side. These material design concepts for asymmetric ion transport are further supported by both simulation and experiment. The results provide a significant comprehension for ion behaviors in nanoconfined space and the development of high‐performance energy storage and conversion systems.
A model‐driven approach for semantic web service modeling using web service modeling languages
Authors: Mohseni Mohsen , Sohrabi Mohammad Karim , Dorrigiv Morteza 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe service‐oriented software engineering approach has been increasingly utilized to design and develop complex distributed systems. Exploiting semantic web technologies to increase utilization of the web services at the semantic level leads to create semantic web services (SWSs). This paper proposes a model‐driven architecture (MDA) to model the SWS and to transform it from a high‐level modeling language, such as the Unified Modeling Language (UML), to a low‐level semantic description, such as the Web Service Modeling Language (WSML). To annotate all aspects of the SWS, a UML profile is provided by extending the UML metamodel. Some stereotypes and tagged values are also defined to support WSML. Therefore, the structure aspects of the SWS are modeled with a class diagram based on stereotypes that are defined in the UML profile. The logical and behavioral aspects of the SWS are modeled and expressed using activity diagrams, sequence diagrams, and Object Constraint Language (OCL). Experimental results show that the proposed approach not only increases the level of independence, accuracy, expressiveness, understandability, and machine processability but also significantly reduces the complexity and heterogeneity. Moreover, the proposed method is also evaluated in comparison with the previous methods of the literature, and the results will show that the proposed method outperforms the other methods in terms of expressiveness, understandability, scalability, level of independence, and accuracy.
“New” Military History
Authors: Hoffenaar Jan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis chapter provides an overview of the development of “New military history,” a general term for the broadening – in subject, approaches and methods – of the traditional, narrow operational military historiography. It first deals with the influence of the social, cultural, gender, and global “turns” in general historiography on military historiography. Next, the benefits and possibilities of these new perspectives in military historiography are analyzed, followed by the risks and potential dangers. Finally, the question of what the core of military history should be is discussed and an attempt is made to describe a “comprehensive approach” to analyze military action taken in the past, with a multifaceted “plan of attack” with several possible “axes of attack.” “New” military historians who use a comprehensive approach are best placed to explain how the course of military action has influenced the general course of history and thereby can make a full-fledged contribution to general historiography. This unique quality also gives them the ability and the right to participate in or even initiate broader academic debates.
Three-loop vertex integrals at symmetric point
Authors: Pikelner Andrey 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This paper provides details of the massless three-loop three-point integrals calculation at the symmetric point. Our work aimed to extend known two-loop results for such integrals to the three-loop level. Obtained results can find their application in regularization-invariant symmetric point momentum-subtraction (RI/SMOM) scheme QCD calculations of renormalization group functions and various composite operator matrix elements. To calculate integrals, we solve differential equations for auxiliary integrals by transforming the system to the ε-form. Calculated integrals are expressed through the basis of functions with uniform transcendental weight. We provide expansion up to the transcendental weight six for the basis functions in terms of harmonic polylogarithms with six-root of unity argument.
Low-x improved TMD approach to the lepto- and hadroproduction of a heavy-quark pair
Authors: Altinoluk Tolga , Marquet Cyrille , Taels Pieter 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We study the lepto- and hadroproduction of a heavy-quark pair in the ITMD factorization framework for dilute-dense collisions. Due to the presence of a nonzero quark mass and/or nonzero photon virtuality, new contributions appear compared to the cases of photo- and hadroproduction of dijets, for which the ITMD framework was originally derived. These extra terms are sensitive to gluons that are not fully linearly polarized. At small x, those gluons emerge only when all saturation effects are carefully taken into account. Therefore, the resulting contributions are absent in linear small-x frameworks, where gluons are fully linearly polarized. We show, however, that even for large gluon transverse momentum, these contributions are not always negligible, due to the behavior of the off-shell hard factors.