bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Water Flows in Rock Wall Permafrost: A Numerical Approach Coupling Hydrological and Thermal Processes
Authors: Magnin F. , Josnin J.‐Y. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRock wall permafrost is highly sensitive to atmospheric warming. Its degradation is regarded as a primary factor accounting for the recent increase in periglacial rock slope failures. Investigations of rock wall permafrost have so far ignored hydrological processes acting in bedrock fractures. We propose a 2‐D coupled thermal and hydrological modeling approach applied to alpine rock wall permafrost. Simulations are carried out on the scale of the mountain flank for four case studies with variable saturation levels and hydrological forcings. Results show that cold water infiltration from the summit leads to a deeper permafrost body than with no water flows. Ice‐filled fractures first delay permafrost thawing due to latent heat consumption but then accelerate it when the ice starts to melt. Ice may thus subsist in fractures surrounded by thawed bedrock while thawing corridors may form in fractures embedded in frozen bedrock. As a result, temperature gradients are made steeper. When connected fractures thaw, bottom‐up permafrost degradation can occur through upward propagation of thawing wedges delineated by these fractures. High hydraulic head values are associated with the formation of perched water tables above or within the impermeable permafrost body, and correspond to hydrostatic pressures that could reach critical values in terms of rock wall stability. The proposed model setting is more appropriate for investigating long‐term permafrost changes, rock wall permafrost dynamics and hydrogeology across entire mountain flanks, but could be applied on a finer spatial scale to investigate short‐term permafrost response to climate signals and rock wall destabilization.
Responses of the African and American Equatorial Ionization Anomaly (EIA) to 2014 Arctic SSW Events
Authors: Idolor O. R. , Akala A. O. , Bolaji O. S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAside from the influence of forcing from above on the ionosphere during space weather, forcing from below also have significant influence on the ionosphere. This study investigates responses of the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) in the African and American longitudinal sectors to the combined effects of 2014 Sudden Stratospheric Warming (SSW) events and geomagnetic storms that coexisted with them. The study locations cover ±40° geomagnetic latitudes in both sectors. A multiinstrument approach with models was adopted. During the SSW events, a hemispherical asymmetry in TEC distribution was observed, with higher plasma ionization in the Northern Hemisphere (NH). Generally, in both sectors, EIA crests locations shifted to higher latitudes during peak phases of SSW, except in the SH of the African sector, where crests locations shifted to lower latitudes. Reversal of stratospheric zonal mean wind direction supported reversed fountain effect. TEC responded positively to SSW peak phases and daytime or nighttime orientation of Prompt Penetration Electric Field (PPEF) and PPEF strength played major role on TEC responses to storms. PPEF values were generally weak, but comparatively higher in the American sector. TEC were predominant in the American sector than the African sector due to the comparative higher electrodynamics over the American sector. EIA crests were generally located at higher latitudes on the days of SSW peaks than on the days of geomagnetic storms, except in the NH of the American sector. In both sectors, geomagnetic storms modified ionospheric irregularities by weakening or enhancing them, while the major SSW event weakened irregularities.
Modeling Transient Evaporation From Porous Media as a Succession of Steady‐State Steps
Authors: Kamai Tamir , Assouline Shmuel 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEvaporation from bare soil surfaces is a natural flow process of global importance. During drying, significant temporal changes in flow rates occur at the soil surface, accompanied by temporal and spatial variations in the partitioning of liquid and vapor water distributions below it. We present a novel approach to modeling the transient process of evaporation from porous media as a succession of steady‐state solutions. The governing mechanisms during this dynamic process are captured by accounting for the hydraulic properties of the drying medium, the characteristic features of the medium that control water flow, the atmospheric forcing, and the partitioning between the liquid and vapor phases of the water within the drying profile. We validate this simplified approach using data from a numerical model and from evaporation experiments in different soil types, under various ambient conditions. Using the model, we demonstrate the effect of soil hydraulic properties on the evaporation process. Furthermore, we use the flexibility of the model for evaluating evaporation under different initial and boundary conditions. The predictive capabilities of the proposed analytical model indicate that it is a reliable tool for representing the evaporation process.
Prognostic impact of chromosomal abnormalities and copy number alterations in adult B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: a UKALL14 study
Authors: Moorman Anthony V. , Barretta Emilio , Butler Ellie R. , Ward Eleanor J. , Twentyman Katie , Kirkwood Amy A. , Enshaei Amir , Schwab Claire , Creasey Tom , Leongamornlert Daniel , Papaemmanuil Elli , Patrick Pip , Clifton-Hadley Laura , Patel Bela , Menne Tobias , McMillan Andrew K. , Harrison Christine J. , Rowntree Clare J. , Marks David I. , Fielding Adele K. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractChromosomal abnormalities are established prognostic markers in adult ALL. We assessed the prognostic impact of established chromosomal abnormalities and key copy number alterations (CNA) among 652 patients with B-cell precursor ALL treated on a modern MRD driven protocol. Patients with KMT2A-AFF1, complex karyotype (CK) and low hypodiploidy/near-triploidy (HoTr) had high relapse rates 50%, 60% & 53% and correspondingly poor survival. Patients with BCR-ABL1 had an outcome similar to other patients. JAK-STAT abnormalities (CRLF2, JAK2) occurred in 6% patients and were associated with a high relapse rate (56%). Patients with ABL-class fusions were rare (1%). A small group of patients with ZNF384 fusions (n = 12) had very good survival. CNA affecting IKZF1, CDKN2A/B, PAX5, BTG1, ETV6, EBF1, RB1 and PAR1 were assessed in 436 patients. None of the individual deletions or profiles were associated with survival, either in the cohort overall or within key subgroups. Collectively these data indicate that primary genetic abnormalities are stronger prognostic markers than secondary deletions. We propose a revised UKALL genetic risk classification based on key established chromosomal abnormalities: (1) very high risk: CK, HoTr or JAK-STAT abnormalities; (2) high risk: KMT2A fusions; (3) Tyrosine kinase activating: BCR-ABL1 and ABL-class fusions; (4) standard risk: all other patients.
Early life adoption shows rearing environment supersedes transgenerational effects of paternal stress on aggressive temperament in the offspring
Authors: Zutshi Ipshita , Gupta Sonakshi , Zanoletti Olivia , Sandi Carmen , Poirier Guillaume L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPrenatal experience and transgenerational influences are increasingly recognized as critical for defining the socio-emotional system, through the development of social competences and of their underlying neural circuitries. Here, we used an established rat model of social stress resulting from male partner aggression induced by peripubertal (P28-42) exposure to unpredictable fearful experiences. Using this model, we aimed to first, characterize adult emotionality in terms of the breadth of the socio-emotional symptoms and second, to determine the relative impact of prenatal vs postnatal influences. For this purpose, male offspring of pairs comprising a control or a peripubertally stressed male were cross-fostered at birth and tested at adulthood on a series of socio-emotional tests. In the offspring of peripubertally stressed males, the expected antisocial phenotype was observed, as manifested by increased aggression towards a female partner and a threatening intruder, accompanied by lower sociability. This negative outcome was yet accompanied by better social memory as well as enhanced active coping, based on more swimming and longer latency to immobility in the forced swim test, and less immobility in the shock probe test. Furthermore, the cross-fostering manipulation revealed that these adult behaviors were largely influenced by the post- but not the prenatal environment, an observation contrasting with both pre- and postnatal effects on attacks during juvenile play behavior. Adult aggression, other active coping behaviors, and social memory were determined by the predominance at this developmental stage of postnatal over prenatal influences. Together, our data highlight the relative persistence of early life influences.
Hippocampal disruptions of synaptic and astrocyte metabolism are primary events of early amyloid pathology in the 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Andersen Jens V. , Skotte Niels H. , Christensen Sofie K. , Polli Filip S. , Shabani Mohammad , Markussen Kia H. , Haukedal Henriette , Westi Emil W. , Diaz-delCastillo Marta , Sun Ramon C. , Kohlmeier Kristi A. , Schousboe Arne , Gentry Matthew S. , Tanila Heikki , Freude Kristine K. , Aldana Blanca I. , Mann Matthias , Waagepetersen Helle S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is an unremitting neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cerebral amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation and gradual decline in cognitive function. Changes in brain energy metabolism arise in the preclinical phase of AD, suggesting an important metabolic component of early AD pathology. Neurons and astrocytes function in close metabolic collaboration, which is essential for the recycling of neurotransmitters in the synapse. However, this crucial metabolic interplay during the early stages of AD development has not been sufficiently investigated. Here, we provide an integrative analysis of cellular metabolism during the early stages of Aβ accumulation in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of the 5xFAD mouse model of AD. Our electrophysiological examination revealed an increase in spontaneous excitatory signaling in the 5xFAD hippocampus. This hyperactive neuronal phenotype coincided with decreased hippocampal tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle metabolism mapped by stable13C isotope tracing. Particularly, reduced astrocyte TCA cycle activity and decreased glutamine synthesis led to hampered neuronal GABA synthesis in the 5xFAD hippocampus. In contrast, the cerebral cortex of 5xFAD mice displayed an elevated capacity for oxidative glucose metabolism, which may suggest a metabolic compensation in this brain region. We found limited changes when we explored the brain proteome and metabolome of the 5xFAD mice, supporting that the functional metabolic disturbances between neurons and astrocytes are early primary events in AD pathology. In addition, synaptic mitochondrial and glycolytic function was selectively impaired in the 5xFAD hippocampus, whereas non-synaptic mitochondrial function was maintained. These findings were supported by ultrastructural analyses demonstrating disruptions in mitochondrial morphology, particularly in the 5xFAD hippocampus. Collectively, our study reveals complex regional and cell-specific metabolic adaptations in the early stages of amyloid pathology, which may be fundamental for the progressing synaptic dysfunctions in AD.
Cofilin1 oxidation links oxidative distress to mitochondrial demise and neuronal cell death
Authors: Hoffmann Lena , Waclawczyk Marcel S. , Tang Stephan , Hanschmann Eva-Maria , Gellert Manuela , Rust Marco B. , Culmsee Carsten 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMany cell death pathways, including apoptosis, regulated necrosis, and ferroptosis, are relevant for neuronal cell death and share common mechanisms such as the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial damage. Here, we present the role of the actin-regulating protein cofilin1 in regulating mitochondrial pathways in oxidative neuronal death. Cofilin1 deletion in neuronal HT22 cells exerted increased mitochondrial resilience, assessed by quantification of mitochondrial ROS production, mitochondrial membrane potential, and ATP levels. Further, cofilin1-deficient cells met their energy demand through enhanced glycolysis, whereas control cells were metabolically impaired when challenged by ferroptosis. Further, cofilin1 was confirmed as a key player in glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity and associated mitochondrial damage in primary cortical neurons. Using isolated mitochondria and recombinant cofilin1, we provide a further link to toxicity-related mitochondrial impairment mediated by oxidized cofilin1. Our data revealed that the detrimental impact of cofilin1 on mitochondria depends on the oxidation of cysteine residues at positions 139 and 147. Overall, our findings show that cofilin1 acts as a redox sensor in oxidative cell death pathways of ferroptosis, and also promotes glutamate excitotoxicity. Protective effects by cofilin1 inhibition are particularly attributed to preserved mitochondrial integrity and function. Thus, interfering with the oxidation and pathological activation of cofilin1 may offer an effective therapeutic strategy in neurodegenerative diseases.
A positive feedback loop of lncRNA-RMRP/ZNRF3 axis and Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulates the progression and temozolomide resistance in glioma
Authors: Liu Tie , Hu Jie , Han Bo , Tan Shishan , Jia Wenqing , Xin Yu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDrug resistance strikingly limits the therapeutic effect of temozolomide (TMZ) (a common drug for glioma). Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) RMRP has been found to be implicated in glioma progression. However, the effect of RMRP on TMZ resistance along with related molecular mechanisms is poorly defined in glioma. In the present study, RMRP, ZNRF3, and IGF2BP3 were screened out by bioinformatics analysis. The expression levels of lncRNAs and mRNAs were measured by RT-qPCR assay. Protein levels of genes were detected by western blot and immunofluorescence assays. ZNRF3 mRNA stability was analyzed using Actinomycin D assay. Cell proliferative ability and survival rate were determined by CCK-8 assay. Cell apoptotic pattern was estimated by flow cytometry. The effect of RMRP knockdown on the growth of TMZ-treated glioma xenograft tumors was explored in vivo. The relationships of IGF2BP3, RMRP, and ZNRF3 were explored by bioinformatics prediction analysis, RNA immunoprecipitation, luciferase, and RNA pull-down, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. The results showed that RMRP was highly expressed in glioma. RMRP knockdown curbed cell proliferation, facilitated cell apoptosis and reduced TMZ resistance in glioma cells, and hindered the growth of TMZ-treated glioma xenograft tumors. RMRP exerted its functions by down-regulating ZNRF3 in glioma cells. IGF2BP3 interacted with RMRP and ZNRF3 mRNA. IGF2BP3 knockdown weakened the interaction of Argonaute 2 (Ago2) and ZNRF3. RMRP reduced ZNRF3 expression and mRNA stability by IGF2BP3. RMRP knockdown inhibited β-catenin expression by up-regulating ZNRF3. The inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by XAV-939 weakened RMRP-mediated TMZ resistance in glioma cells. β-catenin promoted RMRP expression by TCF4 in glioma cells. In conclusion, RMRP/ZNRF3 axis and Wnt/β-catenin signaling formed a positive feedback loop to regulate TMZ resistance in glioma. The sustained activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling by RMRP might contribute to the better management of cancers.
Synergistically enhanced alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction by coupling CoFe layered double hydroxide with NiMoO4 prepared by two-step electrodeposition
Authors: Wang Jiankang , Chen Kui , Peng Rong , Wang Yajing , Xie Taiping , Zhu Quanxi , Peng Yuan , Yang Qunying , Liu Songli 
Published: October 2021

The optimized CoFe LDH/NiMoO4/Cu NW/Cu foam as HER electrocatalyst presents promising application prospect in water splitting with ultralow overpotential of 45 mV at -10 mA/cm2 and long-term durability.
Combined adaptive neural network and regressor‐based trajectory tracking control of flexible joint robots
Authors: Montoya‐Cháirez Jorge , Moreno‐Valenzuela Javier , Santibáñez Víctor , Carelli Ricardo , Rossomando Fracisco G. , Pérez‐Alcocer Ricardo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBy relying on the input–output feedback linearization approach, a novel adaptive controller for flexible joint robots is proposed in this work. First, a model‐based controller is developed to get a structure that is useful in the development of the adaptive controller. The adaptive version is developed by using two techniques. To stabilize the output function, an adaptive neural network controller is used, which approximates the non‐linear function that contains the uncertainties. The desired rotor position required by the input–output feedback linearization controller is defined with the structure of a link dynamics adaptive regressor‐based controller. The main reason to adopt the mentioned structure in the definition of the desired rotor link position is to guarantee its differentiability. Real‐time experiment comparisons among the model‐based controller, a model‐based controller with desired compensation, an adaptive controller based on joint torque feedback, and an adaptive neural network‐based controller are carried out. Experimental results support the theory reported in this document and the accuracy of the proposed approach.
Hierarchical speed control for autonomous electric vehicle through deep reinforcement learning and robust control
Authors: Xu Guangfei , He Xiangkun , Chen Meizhou , Miao Hequan , Pang Huanxiao , Wu Jian , Diao Peisong , Wang Wenjun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFor the speed control system of autonomous electric vehicle (AEV), challenge happens with how to determine an appropriate driving speed to satisfy the dynamic environment while resisting uncertainty and disturbance. Therefore, this paper proposes a robust optimal speed control approach based on hierarchical architecture for AEV through combining deep reinforcement learning (DRL) and robust control. In decision‐making layer, a deep maximum entropy proximal policy optimization (DMEPPO) algorithm is presented to obtain an optimal speed via dynamic environment information, heuristic target entropy and adaptive entropy constraint. In motion control layer, to track the learned optimal speed while resisting uncertainty and disturbance, a robust speed controller is designed by the linear matrix inequality (LMI). Finally, simulation experiment results show that the proposed robust optimal speed control scheme based on hierarchical architecture for AEV is feasible and effective.
Protection of converter dominated MV microgrid using changes in current's phase angle
Authors: Mohanty Rabindra , Chen Peiyuan , Tuan Le Anh 
Published: October 2021

AbstractConverter interfaced distributed generations in a microgrid feed the modulated current of limited magnitude during fault conditions. The protection design and its operation are thus challenging due to limited fault current which is further reduced by Petersen coil grounding in medium‐voltage (MV) level. This paper aims to address this challenge by developing a current‐only directional relay algorithm for the protection of converter dominated MV microgrid with Petersen coil grounding. The relay's operating principle is based on the sign of the change in phase angle of the fault current with respect to the prefault which indicates the direction of fault. The negative and positive changes in current's phase angle determine the fault in forward and reverse direction, respectively. The tripping decision is derived by comparing the binary output of the relay at both ends of the line segment under protection. This requires a simple, flexible and low bandwidth communication channel. Both theoretical analyses and simulation studies have been performed on a typical distribution grid intended to be operated as microgrid. The proposed protection method is suitable for microgrid having the converters with and without reactive power support. Various operating conditions are evaluated, including bidirectional power flow, high resistance fault, different fault types, loading conditions and signals with noise.
An alternating high‐low impedance common‐mode filter for differential striplines
Authors: Song Tian‐Hao , Wei Xing‐Chang , Gao Richard Xian‐Ke 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe conventional quarter/half‐wavelength common‐mode filter (CMF) cannot work well for a differential stripline when there is no ground via. A new and effective via‐free CMF design for the differential striplines is proposed in this study. An alternating high‐low impedance structure is developed to increase the coupling between the stripline and the CMF, thus achieving a good filtering effect. A cascaded CMF design is further studied to enhance the stopband without deterioration of the differential signals. Both simulation and measurement results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed high‐low impedance CMF. The significant advantage of the proposed CMF is its compactness and simplicity, which has almost no impact on the original layout of differential striplines.
A novel m6A‐related prognostic signature for predicting the overall survival of hepatocellular carcinoma patients
Authors: Xie Shiyang , Wang Yaxuan , Huang Jin , Li Guang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLiver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) comprises most cases of liver cancer with a poor prognosis. N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) plays important biological functions in cancers. Thus, the present research was aimed to determine biomarkers of m6A regulators that could effectively predict the prognosis of LIHC patients. Based on the data collected from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, the correlation between the mRNA expression levels and copy number variation (CNV) patterns were determined. Higher mRNA expression resulted from the increasing number of 9 genes. Using the univariate Cox regression analysis, 11 m6A regulators that had close correlations with the LIHC prognosis were identified. In addition, under the support of the multivariate Cox regression models and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, a 4‐gene (YTHDF2, IGF2BP3, KIAA1429, and ALKBH5) signature of m6A regulators was constructed. This signature was expected to present a prognostic value in LIHC (log‐rank test p value < 0.0001). The GSE76427 (n = 94) and ICGC‐LIRI‐JP (n = 212) datasets were used to validate the prognostic signature, suggesting strong power to predict patients' prognosis for LIHC. To sum up, genetic alterations in m6A regulatory genes were identified as reliable and effective biomarkers for predicting the prognosis of LIHC patients.
A Metal-Free β-Stereoselective Synthesis of 2-Deoxy-C-arylglycosides: Synthesis of 5-Aza Analogues of Aquayamycin
Authors: Zhang Jianbo , Mei Yuling , Jiang Nan , Yang Yu , Zhang Wan , Qiu Saifeng , Guo Hong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA convenient protocol for the β-stereoselective synthesis of 2-deoxy-C-arylglycosides has been developed. This reaction takes place in one step by using I2/Et3SiH to activate a glycosyl acetate to generate a glycosyl iodide intermediate in situ, which is captured by a naphthol; this is followed by a Fries-like O-to-C glycoside rearrangement to afford a β-C-aryl glycoside selectively. The approach is applicable to a wide range of naphthol moieties, and its utility was demonstrated in syntheses of 5-aza analogues of aquayamycin.