bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physiological and proteomic analyses reveal cAMP‐regulated key factors in maize root tolerance to heat stress
Authors: Zhao Yulong , Liu Yanpei , Ji Xiaoming , Sun Jinfeng , Lv Shanshan , Yang Hao , Zhao Xia , Hu Xiuli 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHigh temperature constitutes a serious threat to crops. 3′,5′‐cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is increasingly proved to play important roles in plants. However, the mechanism of cAMP‐mediated thermotolerance in root remains unclear. This study was designed to investigate cAMP roles in thermotolerance of maize root. Adenylyl cyclase (AC) catalyzes ATP to generate cAMP. For two identified maize AC genes, ZmRPP13‐LK3 and ZmPSiP, the predictive ABA response element was found in their promoter fragments. Both ABA and heat stress treatment increased the promoter activity of ZmRPP13‐LK3 and ZmPSiP. In the roots of maize ABA‐deficient mutant vp5, the heat‐caused increase of these two gene expression and cAMP content was obviously less than that in the roots of its wild‐type Vp5. cAMP pretreatment decreased H2O2 and malondialdehyde content, but increased the activities of superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase in roots compared to no pretreatment under heat stress. By iTRAQ proteomics analysis, 268 cAMP‐mediated differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified from maize roots exposed to heat stress. The integrated analysis of these DEPs showed that cAMP was involved in many important biological processes, including ion uptake, protein degradation via autophagy or ubiquitin–proteasome system, a rapid delivery of stress‐related cargo molecules by vesicle trafficking, and adaptation response by defense proteins. To determine whether the gene expression of these DEPs was regulated by cAMP and ABA, the gene expression of randomly selected 15 DEPs as ion transporters and heat shock proteins was analyzed, and the results indicated that cAMP and ABA pretreatment also enhanced the expression of their genes. Additionally, the cAMP pretreatment increased Ca2+, PO43−, and NO3− uptake, but reduced K+ uptake in roots under heat stress. All above‐mentioned results suggest that ABA‐mediated cAMP signaling may contribute to better thermotolerance in maize roots.
Impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on older adults mental health services: A mixed methods study
Authors: Bhome Rohan , Huntley Jonathan , Dalton‐Locke Christian , San Juan Norha Vera , Oram Sian , Foye Una , Livingston Gill 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe COVID‐19 pandemic has had a significant impact on older adults mental health care. Our study aimed to explore staff perspectives on key challenges and innovations in order to help inform the delivery of older adults mental health care in subsequent waves of the pandemic.MethodsA mixed methods online questionnaire developed by National Institute for Health Research Mental Health Policy Research Unit was used to gather staff perspectives on their challenges at work, problems faced by service users and their carers, and sources of help and support. Descriptive statistics were used for quantitative analysis and descriptive content analysis for qualitative analysis.Results158 participants, working in either community or inpatient settings, and from a range of professional disciplines, were included. For inpatient staff, a significant challenge was infection control. In the community, staff identified a lack of access to physical and social care as well as reduced contact with friends and families as being challenges for patients. Remote working was seen as a positive innovation along with COVID‐19 related guidance from various sources and peer support.ConclusionOur study, with a focus on staff and patient well‐being, helps to inform service development for future waves of the pandemic. We discuss measures to improve infection control in inpatient settings, the role of voluntary organisations in supporting socially isolated community patients, the need for better integration of physical and mental health services at an organisational level, and the importance of training staff to support patients and their families with end of life planning.
Large‐scale circulation features responsible for different types of extreme high temperatures with extreme coverage over South China
Authors: Lin Wenting , Chen Ruidan , Wen Zhiping , Chen Wei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study classifies the summer extreme high temperatures (EHT) over South China into Day‐EHT, Night‐EHT and Mixed‐EHT (corresponding to EHT with extreme coverage only in daytime, only at night and both in daytime and at night) and compares their associated circulation patterns. All types of EHT are associated with the intensification and expansion of western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH). Concurrently, anomalous subsidence occurs over South China, which reduces the cloud cover and favours daytime warming. However, different types of EHT feature different circulation configurations. Day‐EHT are influenced by the northwestward‐extending WPSH and tropical cyclones, manifesting an abnormal anticyclonic‐cyclonic pair. Anomalous northeasterly winds dominate over South China, which cause lower humidity and faster heat dissipation and thus the EHT disappear at night. Night‐EHT are related to the westward‐extending WPSH and intensified East Asian westerly trough, presenting a subtropical anticyclonic anomaly and a mid‐latitude cyclonic anomaly. Anomalous southwesterly and northerly flows meet around South China, favouring more water vapour convergence in situ. The above‐normal humidity results in smaller amplitude of cloud cover reduction and weaker daytime warming compared to Day‐EHT, but favours heat maintenance and Night‐EHT. Moreover, the mid‐high‐latitude wave train preceding Day‐EHT (Night‐EHT) lies more northward (southward) with the upstream high‐pressure anomaly occurring around the Ural Mountains (Caspian Sea). Mixed‐EHT combine the anomalies for Day‐EHT and Night‐EHT and weak humidity anomaly occurs over South China, thus the daytime EHT could persist until night albeit cools down slightly. These distinguished features indicate that different types of EHT should be considered separately for better forecast and projection of EHT.
Cross‐Linked Polymers as Solid‐State Media for Laser Dye‐Doped Elements
Authors: Bezrodna Tamara , Bezrodnyi Volodymyr , Negriyko Anatoliy , Kosyanchuk Lyudmyla , Antonenko Oksana 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe work presents investigation results on the main operation parameters of laser active elements, based on the xanthene dye and polyurethane matrices, different by their physical properties. The polyurethanes of various chemical contents are studied, in order to reveal the possibility for their efficient applications as active media in the solid‐state dye‐doped laser elements. Due to the solvation effects, the proposed high‐polar aliphatic polyurethane matrix provides a considerable growth of photostability, efficiency, and operation lifetime for the laser dye‐doped elements.
Possible case of partial postmortem fetal extrusion: Preliminary observations on the mummified remains of a turn‐of‐the‐19th‐century noblewoman in Finland
Authors: Väre Tiina , Lipkin Sanna , Kallio‐Seppä Titta , Tranberg Annemari , Junno Juho‐Antti 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe report a plausible case of partial postmortem fetal extrusion dating to the turn of the 19th century. A fetal skull protruded from the obstetric canal of the partially mummified remains of an adult woman buried in a private burial chapel in Vihti, South Finland. The fetal size implies the mother having died during the early third trimester of her pregnancy. The cause of death was not obvious from the limited external examination of her remains, but the underdeveloped state of the fetal remains renders it unlikely that this case represents a maternal death resulting from dystocia. Rather, the finding should be interpreted as a case of partial postmortem fetal extrusion, a process probably interrupted by decelerated decomposition of the maternal remains before full expulsion of the fetus.
Concrete screws as a post‐installed punching reinforcement
Authors: Spiegl Matthias , Walkner Rupert , Feix Jürgen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA major part of central European infrastructure buildings was designed decades ago and has different needs of strengthening. Increasing traffic volume, increasing axle loads, and a growth in transport volume as well as more restrictive design rules are the reasons why the support regions of existing bridges and flat slabs often show a lack of punching resistance today. At the University of Innsbruck, a system for subsequent strengthening by the use of concrete screws was developed. Various laboratory tests showed that the system leads to a significant increase of punching resistance with minimal efforts for its installation. This article deals with the development of a numerical model that can predict the punching loads of unstrengthened and screw‐strengthened punching plates. Further the punching loads from the laboratory tests and the simulations are compared to the predictions of a design approach. The presented novel design approach is an advancement of the existing Eurocode 2 provisions and allows the influence of the screws on the punching resistance to be taken into account. The comparison shows that the numerical model predicts the punching resistances in an appropriate way and the design approach predicts them on the safe side. The presented design approach was included into the technical assessment for the concrete screws of the system reLAST as post‐installed punching reinforcement system [Z‐15.1‐340 (2019)] in order to be applicable in practice.
On alienation of two functional equations of quadratic type
Authors: Ger Roman 
Published: July 2021

Abstract We deal with an alienation problem for an Euler–Lagrange type functional equation $$\begin{aligned} f(\alpha x + \beta y) + f(\alpha x - \beta y) = 2\alpha ^2f(x) + 2\beta ^2f(y) \end{aligned}$$

f

(
α
x
+
β
y
)

+
f

(
α
x
-
β
y
)

=
2

α
2

f

(
x
)

+
2

β
2

f

(
y
)

assumed for fixed nonzero real numbers $$\alpha ,\beta ,\, 1 \ne \alpha ^2 \ne \beta ^2$$

α
,
β
,

1
≠

α
2

≠

β
2

, and the classic quadratic functional equation $$\begin{aligned} g(x+y) + g(x-y) = 2g(x) + 2g(y). \end{aligned}$$

g
(
x
+
y
)
+
g
(
x
-
y
)
=
2
g
(
x
)
+
2
g
(
y
)
.

We were inspired by papers of Kim et al. (Abstract and applied analysis, vol. 2013, Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2013) and Gordji and Khodaei (Abstract and applied analysis, vol. 2009, Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2009), where the special case $$g = \gamma f$$

g
=
γ
f

was examined.
An Euler system for GU(2, 1)
Authors: Loeffler David , Skinner Christopher , Zerbes Sarah Livia 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe construct an Euler system associated to regular algebraic, essentially conjugate self-dual cuspidal automorphic representations of $${{\,\mathrm{GL}\,}}_3$$

GL

3

over imaginary quadratic fields, using the cohomology of Shimura varieties for $${\text {GU}}(2, 1)$$

GU
(
2
,
1
)

.
The natural history of primary progressive aphasia: beyond aphasia
Authors: Ulugut Hulya , Stek Simone , Wagemans Lianne E. E. , Jutten Roos J. , Keulen Maria Antoinette , Bouwman Femke H. , Prins Niels D. , Lemstra Afina W. , Krudop Welmoed , Teunissen Charlotte E. , van Berckel Bart N. M. , Ossenkoppele Rik , Barkhof Frederik , van der Flier Wiesje M. , Scheltens Philip , Pijnenburg Yolande A. L. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is divided into three prototypical subtypes that are all characterized by their single core symptom of aphasia. Although later in their course, other cognitive, behavioral, and motor domains may become involved, little is known about the progression profile of each subtype relative to the other subtypes.

Methods
In this longitudinal retrospective cohort study, based on the recent biomarker-supported diagnostic criteria, 24 subjects diagnosed with semantic variant (svPPA), 22 with non-fluent variant (nfvPPA), and 18 with logopenic variant (lvPPA) were collected and followed up for 1–6 years. Symptom distribution, cognitive test and neuropsychiatric inventory scores, and progression into another syndrome were assessed.

Results
Over time, lvPPA progressed with broader language problems (PPA-extended) and nfvPPA progressed to mutism, whereas semantic impairment remained the major problem in svPPA. Apart from linguistic problems, svPPA developed pronounced behavioral disturbances, whereas lvPPA exhibited a greater cognitive decline. By contrast, in nfvPPA motor deficits were more common. Furthermore, within 5 years (IQR = 2.5) after clinical onset, 65.6% of the patients additionally fulfilled the clinical criteria for another neurodegenerative syndrome (PPA-plus). Fourteen out of 24 (58%) svPPA patients additionally met the diagnostic criteria of behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (5.1 years, IQR = 1.1), whereas the clinical features of 15/18 (83%) lvPPA patients were consistent with Alzheimer disease dementia (4.5 years IQR = 3.4). Furthermore, 12/22 (54%) of the subjects with the nfvPPA progressed to meet the diagnostic criteria of corticobasal syndrome, progressive supranuclear palsy, or motor neuron disease (5.1 years IQR = 3.4).

Discussion
Despite aphasia being the initial and unique hallmark of the syndrome, our longitudinal results showed that PPA is not a language limited disorder and progression differs widely for each subtype, both with respect to the nature of symptoms and disease duration.
Diagnostic performance of chest radiography in high COVID-19 prevalence setting: experience from a European reference hospital
Authors: Flor Nicola , Saggiante Lorenzo , Savoldi Anna Paola , Vitale Renato , Casazza Giovanni , Villa Paolo , Brambilla Anna Maria 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The study’s aim is to analyse the diagnostic performance of chest radiography (CXR) in patients with suspected coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19).

Methods
We retrospectively considered 826 consecutive patients with suspected COVID-19 presenting to our emergency department (ED) from February 21 to March 31, 2020, in a high disease prevalence setting. We enrolled patients who underwent CXR and rhino-oropharyngeal swab for real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). CXRs were evaluated by an expert radiologist; a second independent analysis was performed by two residents in consensus. All readers, blinded to rRT-PCR results, classified CXRs positive/negative depending on presence/absence of typical findings of COVID-19, using rRT-PCR as reference standard.

Results
We finally analysed 680 patients (median age 58); 547 (80%) tested positive for COVID-19. The diagnostic performance of CXR, interpreted by the expert reader, was as follows: sensitivity (79.0%; 95% CI: 75.3–82.3), specificity (81.2%; 95% CI: 73.5–87.5), PPV (94.5%;95% CI: 92.0–96.4), NPV (48.4%; 95% CI: 41.7–55.2), and accuracy (79.3%; 95% CI: 76.0–82.2). For the residents: sensitivity (75.1%; 95% CI: 71.2–78.7), specificity (57.9%; 95% CI: 49.9–66.4), PPV (88.0%; 95% CI: 84.7–90.8), NPV (36.2%; 95% CI: 29.7–43.0), and accuracy (71.6%; 95% CI: 68.1–75.0). We found a significant difference between the reporting sensitivity (p = 0.013) and specificity (p < 0.0001) of expert radiologist vs residents. CXR sensitivity was higher in patients with symptom onset > 5 days before ED presentation compared to ≤ 5 days (84.4% vs 70.7%).

Conclusions
CXR showed a sensitivity of 79% and a specificity of 81% in diagnosing viral pneumonia in symptomatic patients with clinical suspicion of COVID-19. Further studies in lower prevalence settings are needed.
Macrofauna communities across a seascape of seagrass meadows: environmental drivers, biodiversity patterns and conservation implications
Authors: Rodil Iván F. , Lohrer Andrew M. , Attard Karl M. , Hewitt Judi E. , Thrush Simon F. , Norkko Alf 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSimilar to other coastal biogenic habitats (e.g. tidal marshes, kelp forests, mangroves and coral reefs), a key function of seagrass meadows is the enhancement of biodiversity. Variability at multiple spatial scales is a driver of biodiversity, but our understanding of the response of macrofauna communities to variability of seagrass meadows is limited. We examined the macrofauna community structure (abundance and biomass) and diversity patterns (α- and β-diversity) across a seascape gradient of eleven seagrass meadows differing in the number, composition and density of plant species. The variability of the macrobenthic communities was regulated by a combination of sedimentary (mainly for the infauna) and macrophyte (mainly for the epifauna) predictors. We demonstrate that the natural occurrence of drifting algae trapped in the aboveground complexity of the meadows benefits seagrass macrofauna. Seagrass-associated macrofauna showed a clear increase in abundance and α-diversity metrics with increasing habitat complexity attributes (i.e. shoot density, plant biomass and canopy height). Furthermore, partitioning of β-diversity (i.e. the variation of species composition between sites) implied the replacement of some species by others between sites (i.e. spatial turnover) instead of a process of species loss (or gain) from site to site (i.e. nestedness). Therefore, the enhancement of macrofauna diversity across an increasing gradient of seagrass complexity, and the dominance of the turnover component suggest that devoting conservation efforts on many different types of meadows, including the less diverse, should be a priority for coastal habitat-management.
Physical activity in relation to circulating hormone concentrations in 117,100 men in UK Biobank
Authors: Watts Eleanor L. , Perez-Cornago Aurora , Doherty Aiden , Allen Naomi E. , Fensom Georgina K. , Tin Tin Sandar , Key Timothy J. , Travis Ruth C. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Physical activity may reduce the risk of some types of cancer in men. Biological mechanisms may involve changes in hormone concentrations; however, this relationship is not well established. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the associations of physical activity with circulating insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG, which modifies sex hormone activity), and total and free testosterone concentrations, and the extent these associations might be mediated by body mass index (BMI).

Methods
Circulating concentrations of these hormones and anthropometric measurements and self-reported physical activity data were available for 117,100 healthy male UK Biobank participants at recruitment. Objectively measured accelerometer physical activity levels were also collected on average 5.7 years after recruitment in 28,000 men. Geometric means of hormone concentrations were estimated using multivariable-adjusted analysis of variance, with and without adjustment for BMI.

Results
The associations between physical activity and hormones were modest and similar for objectively measured (accelerometer) and self-reported physical activity. Compared to men with the lowest objectively measured physical activity, men with high physical activity levels had 14% and 8% higher concentrations of SHBG and total testosterone, respectively, and these differences were attenuated to 6% and 3% following adjustment for BMI.

Conclusion
Our results suggest that the associations of physical activity with the hormones investigated are, at most, modest; and following adjustment for BMI, the small associations with SHBG and total testosterone were largely attenuated. Therefore, it is unlikely that changes in these circulating hormones explain the associations of physical activity with risk of cancer either independently or via BMI.
Effectiveness of Positive Discipline Parenting Program on Parenting Style, and Child Adaptive Behavior
Authors: Carroll Paul 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this study, a community sample of parents attending free 7-week Positive Discipline parenting workshops were recruited, as well as a non-randomized community control. Both samples consisted of primarily Hispanic parents with similar demographic information and attrition rates (initial N = 91), as well as children of similar age (mean age 6.89 and 6.95 years) and gender. Parenting stress, parenting style, and parent-reported child adaptive behavior were assessed at baseline and after three months. Longitudinal analysis was performed using mixed-effects regression modeling. Results indicate that attendance in Positive Discipline parenting workshops was related to a decrease in authoritarian parenting style, a decrease in permissive parenting style, and a decrease in parental stress. It was also related to an increase in child academic competence, and a decrease in externalizing-hyperactive behavior (both parent-report). These results suggest that positive discipline parenting workshops may alter parenting style and may positively impact children of parents who attend.
A Meta-Analysis Investigating the Association Between Metacognition and Math Performance in Adolescence
Authors: Muncer Gemma , Higham Philip A. , Gosling Corentin J. , Cortese Samuele , Wood-Downie Henry , Hadwin Julie A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPoor math and numeracy skills are associated with a range of adverse outcomes, including reduced employability and poorer physical and mental health. Research has increasingly focused on understanding factors associated with the improvement of math skills in school. This systematic literature review and meta-analysis investigated the association between metacognition and math performance in adolescence (11–16-year-olds). A systematic search of electronic databases and grey literature (to 04.01.2020) highlighted 31 studies. The quantitative synthesis of 74 effect sizes from 29 of these studies (30 independent populations) indicated a significantly positive correlation between metacognition and math performance in adolescence (r = .37, 95% CI = [.29, .44], p < .001). There was significant heterogeneity between studies. Consideration of online (versus offline) measures of metacognition and more complex (versus simple) measures of math performance, and their combination, was associated with larger effect sizes; however, heterogeneity remained high for all analyses.
A continuum mechanics model for the Fåhræus-Lindqvist effect
Authors: Farina Angiolo , Rosso Fabio , Fasano Antonio 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe decrease in apparent relative viscosity that occurs when blood is made to flow through a tube whose diameter is less than about 0.3 mm is a well-known and documented phenomenon in physiology, known as the Fåhræus-Lindqvist effect. However, since the historical work of Fåhræus and Lindqvist (Amer. J. Physiol. 96(3): pp. 562–568, 1931), the underlying physical mechanism has remained enigmatic. A widely accepted qualitative explanation was provided by Haynes (Amer. J. Physiol. 198, pp. 1193–1200, 1960) according to which blood flows in microvessels with a core-annulus structure, where the erythrocytes concentrate within a central core surrounded by a plasma layer. Although sustained by observations, this conjecture lacks a rigorous deduction from the basic principles of continuum dynamics. Moreover, relations aimed to reproduce the blood apparent relative viscosity, extensively used in micro-circulation, are all empirical and not derived from the analysis of the fluid mechanical phenomena involved. In this paper, we apply the recent results illustrated in Guadagni and Farina (Int. J. Nonlinear Mech. 126, p. 103587, 2020), with the purpose of showing that Haynes’ conjecture, slightly corrected to make it more realistic, can be proved and can be used to reach a sound explanation of the Fåhræus-Lindqvist effect based on continuum mechanics. We propose a theoretical model for the blood apparent relative viscosity which is validated by matching not only the original experimental data reported by Fåhræus and Lindqvist (Amer. J. Physiol. 96(3), pp. 562–568, 1931), but also those provided by several subsequent authors.