bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FFA and OFA Encode Distinct Types of Face Identity Information
Authors: Tsantani Maria , Kriegeskorte Nikolaus , Storrs Katherine , Williams Adrian Lloyd , McGettigan Carolyn , Garrido Lúcia 
Published: January 2021

Faces of different people elicit distinct fMRI patterns in several face-selective regions of the human brain. Here we used representational similarity analysis to investigate what type of identity-distinguishing information is encoded in three face-selective regions: fusiform face area (FFA), occipital face area (OFA), and posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS). In a sample of 30 human participants (22 females, 8 males), we used fMRI to measure brain activity patterns elicited by naturalistic videos of famous face identities, and compared their representational distances in each region with models of the differences between identities. We built diverse candidate models, ranging from low-level image-computable properties (pixel-wise, GIST, and Gabor-Jet dissimilarities), through higher-level image-computable descriptions (OpenFace deep neural network, trained to cluster faces by identity), to complex human-rated properties (perceived similarity, social traits, and gender). We found marked differences in the information represented by the FFA and OFA. Dissimilarities between face identities in FFA were accounted for by differences in perceived similarity, Social Traits, Gender, and by the OpenFace network. In contrast, representational distances in OFA were mainly driven by differences in low-level image-based properties (pixel-wise and Gabor-Jet dissimilarities). Our results suggest that, although FFA and OFA can both discriminate between identities, the FFA representation is further removed from the image, encoding higher-level perceptual and social face information.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTRecent studies using fMRI have shown that several face-responsive brain regions can distinguish between different face identities. It is however unclear whether these different face-responsive regions distinguish between identities in similar or different ways. We used representational similarity analysis to investigate the computations within three brain regions in response to naturalistically varying videos of face identities. Our results revealed that two regions, the fusiform face area and the occipital face area, encode distinct identity information about faces. Although identity can be decoded from both regions, identity representations in fusiform face area primarily contained information about social traits, gender, and high-level visual features, whereas occipital face area primarily represented lower-level image features.
Predictive Models of Neurodevelopmental Outcomes After Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy
Authors: Peeples Eric S. , Rao Rakesh , Dizon Maria L.V. , Johnson Yvette R. , Joe Priscilla , Flibotte John , Hossain Tanzeema , Smith Danielle , Hamrick Shannon , DiGeronimo Robert , Natarajan Girija , Lee Kyong-Soon , Yanowitz Toby D. , Mietzsch Ulrike , Wu Tai-Wei , Maitre Nathalie L. , Pallotto Eugenia K. , Speziale Mark , Mathur Amit M. , Zaniletti Isabella , Massaro An ,   on behalf of the Children’s Hospitals Neonatal Consortium Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy Focus Group
Published: January 2021

OBJECTIVES:
To develop predictive models for death or neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) after neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) from data readily available at the time of NICU admission (“early”) or discharge (“cumulative”).

METHODS:
In this retrospective cohort analysis, we used data from the Children’s Hospitals Neonatal Consortium Database (2010–2016). Infants born at ≥35 weeks’ gestation and treated with therapeutic hypothermia for HIE at 11 participating sites were included; infants without Bayley Scales of Infant Development scores documented after 11 months of age were excluded. The primary outcome was death or NDI. Multivariable models were generated with 80% of the cohort; validation was performed in the remaining 20%.

RESULTS:
The primary outcome occurred in 242 of 486 infants; 180 died and 62 infants surviving to follow-up had NDI. HIE severity, epinephrine administration in the delivery room, and respiratory support and fraction of inspired oxygen of 0.21 at admission were significant in the early model. Severity of EEG findings was combined with HIE severity for the cumulative model, and additional significant variables included the use of steroids for blood pressure management and significant brain injury on MRI. Discovery models revealed areas under the curve of 0.852 for the early model and of 0.861 for the cumulative model, and both models performed well in the validation cohort (goodness-of-fit χ2: P = .24 and .06, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS:
Establishing reliable predictive models will enable clinicians to more accurately evaluate HIE severity and may allow for more targeted early therapies for those at highest risk of death or NDI.
Gelenekselden Dijitale Propaganda Araçlarının Dönüşümü
Authors: KARAKUŞ Melis 
Published: January 2021

Bireylerin ve toplumun düşüncelerinin istenilen şekilde yönlendirilmesi, yüzyıllardır propaganda tekniği ile mümkün olmuştur. Propaganda, bireylerin düşüncelerinin kişi veya kişilerce etkileme yöntemi, geçmişten günümüze özellikle siyasal alanda oldukça sık kullanılmaktadır. Propagandada, etkilemek istenilen bireyler bir kitleye dahil olduğundan dolayı, benimsetilmek istenilen düşüncelerin kitlelere ulaşılmasında en kolay ve en ulaşılabilir yol olan kitle iletişim araçları her zaman tercih edilmiştir. Geçmişte daha çok şuan geleneksel olarak adlandırılan radyo, televizyon, gazete gibi kitle iletişim araçları propaganda amaçlı tercih edilmiş olsa da günümüzde bu araçların yerini yeni medya olarak adlandırılan dijital ortam ve araçları almıştır.
Günümüzde propaganda, en ulaşılabilir hali ile sosyal medya aracılığıyla yapılmaktadır. İletişim teknolojisinde yaşanan gelişmeler, iletişim ortam ve araçlarını değiştirmiş ve bu araçların kullanım amaçlarını da genişletmiştir. Geleneksel kitle iletişim araçlarının yerini alan sanal ortam, propaganda için oldukça uygun bir mekan olarak görülmektedir. Reklam, pazarlama ve daha çok siyasi amaçlarla kullanılan propaganda, dijital ortamlarda kendine daha sık ve kolayca yer bulabilmiştir. Çoklu bir iletişime olanak sağlayan dijital mekanlar, her kesimden bireyin veya grubun bir başka birey veya kitleye ulaşması, etkilemesi, etkilemeyi hedeflediği kitle ile iletişime geçmesi ve bu kitle üzerinde nüfuz etmesini hızlandırması açısından propaganda tekniklerine yeni bir ortam sağlamıştır.
Çalışmanın amacı, siyasal iletişim sürecinin dönüşümü, propaganda ve günümüzde daha sık rastlanılan, sanal ortamda gerçekleştirilen ve kitlesine ulaşmayı sosyal medya platformu üzerinden hedefleyen dijital propaganda kavramları incelemeyi kapsamaktadır.
Carbon dioxide emission, economic growth, and energy consumption among Central Asian countries
Authors: Shah Imtiyaz Ahmad , Haq Imtiyaz ul 
Published: January 2021

The paper examines the relationship between carbon dioxide emission, economic growth, and energy consumption among five Central Asian countries during 2000-2017. To verify the said relationship, we have used both static (pooled OLS and Fixed effect) and dynamic Generalized Method of Moments. The results indicate that GDP has a significantly negative impact, while a square of GDP has a significantly positive impact on carbon dioxide emission. Therefore, our findings support the U-shaped Environmental Kuznets Curve. Also, energy consumption is having a significantly positive impact on carbon dioxide emissions. The results emphasize non-renewable sources of energy, low carbon emission technologies, and sustainable growth.
Analysis Of Student Collaboration Skills Through Peer Assessment Of The Respiratory System Concept
Authors: Pratiwi Hana Rizky , Juhanda Aa , Setiono Setiono 
Published: January 2021

<p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keterampilan kolaborasi siswa pada konsep sistem pernapasan manusia berdasarkan <em>peer assessment</em> antar siswa. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deksriptif kualitatif. Populasi subyek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIII C SMP Negeri 1 Sukaraja tahun ajaran 2019/2020, dengan sample acak sebanyak 11 siswa karena adanya pembatasan kegiatan pembelajaran akibat adanya pandemic covid-19. Teknik pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini terdiri dari observasi lapangan, pengisian angket dan penilaian sesuai rubric oleh siswa serta dokumentasi selama penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan penilaian menggunakan peer assessment kemampuan kolaborasi siswa kelas VIII C SMP Negeri 1 Sukaraja sudah cukup, hal tersebut diketahui berdasarkan hasil presentase rata-rata ke lima indikator keterampilan kolaborasi sebesar 39,97% hasil rata-rata ini termasuk kedalam kategori cukup. Kategori yang cukup ini, menjelaskan bahwa siswa dalam berkolaborasi dengan teman sekelompoknya sudah cukup. Siswa memberikan respon positif terhadap pembelajaran pada konsep sistem pernapasan, siswa juga memberikan repon positif terhadap penilaian keterampilan kolaborasi menggunakan <em>peer assessment</em>, karena dapat mengetahui dan menilai keterampilan kolaborasi yang dimiliki</p><p> </p>
Keanekaragaman Tumbuhan Di Sekitar Mata Air Sumur Gedhe Desa Tanjungsekar Kecamatan Pucakwangi Kabupaten Pati
Authors: Syahidah Dewi Nur , Kusumarini Niken 
Published: January 2021

<p class="Default" align="center"><strong><em>ABSTRACT</em></strong></p><p><em>Sumur Gedhe’s water spring is one of the source used by some local society for cooking, washing and bathing. Around it are diverse plants. The purpose of this research is to tell diversity of plants around Sumur Gedhe. This research method is purposive sampling . Interviews were also conducted with the local society to find out how the water sping was maintained and preserved. There are 56 species of plants are found around Sumur Gedhe. Spring conservation efforts can be done by avoiding littering plastic waste, not disposing of hazardous chemichals, utilizing water as needed and protecting plants around it. Most of them are wild plants. Plants habit were shurb, climbing shurb, tree, herbaceous and herb vines habitus.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong><em> Tanjungsekar Village, Water Spring, Diversity, Plant.</em></p>
Race to the Bottom: an Introduction to Gig Economy based on Moral Economy in Islam Perspective
Authors: Puspitarini Renny Candradewi , Basit Abdul 
Published: January 2021

<p>Gig economy has recently circling in the society in the digital era. It has been a result of risk society as described by Beck in his book. Though researches have been made by Standing, Stephany dan Prassl to address the various risk exposed by it onto society, there is little evidence society would not expose to its excesses. This writing is made as part of research in gig economy that argues the race to the bottom of gig economy has contributed to society. The findings include how exploitation, job insecurity, mental and health crisis are generated from informalisation of works in gig mode of economy. The most essential thing is how Islam offer the new mode of economy based on its fundamental views of social welfare and individual interest based on moral economy as a solution to the race of the bottom occurring in gig economy.</p><p align="left"> </p>
Molecular characterization of the viral structural protein genes in the first outbreak of dengue virus type 2 in Hunan Province, inland China in 2018
Authors: Guan Jiaoqiong , He Zhanlong , Qin Meng , Deng Xialin , Chen Jun , Duan Suqin , Gao Xiaojun , Pan Yue , Chen Junying , Yang Yaping , Feng Shijun , sun Qiangming 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: An unexpected dengue outbreak occurred in Hunan Province in 2018. This was the first dengue outbreak in this area of inland China, and 172 cases were reported.Methods: To verify the causative agent of this outbreak and characterise the viral genes, the genes encoding the structural proteins C/prM/E of viruses isolated from local residents were sequenced followed by mutation and phylogenetic analysis. Recombination, selection pressure, potential secondary structure and three-dimensional structure analyses were also performed. Results: Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all epidemic strains were of the cosmopolitan DENV-2 genotype and were most closely related to the Zhejiang strain (MH010629, 2017) and then the Malaysia strain (KJ806803, 2013). Compared with the sequence of DENV-2SS, 151 base substitutions were found in the sequences of 89 isolates; these substitutions resulted in 20 non-synonymous mutations, of which 17 mutations existed in all samples (two in the capsid protein, six in the prM/M proteins, and nine in the envelope proteins). Moreover, amino acid substitutions at the 602nd (E322:Q→H) and 670th (E390: N→S) amino acids may have enhanced the virulence of the epidemic strains. One new DNA binding site and five new protein binding sites were observed. Two polynucleotide binding sites and seven protein binding sites were lost in the epidemic strains compared with DENV-2SS. Meanwhile, five changes were found in helical regions. Minor changes were observed in helical transmembrane and disordered regions. The 429th amino acid of the E protein switched from a histamine (positively charged) to an asparagine (neutral) in all 89 isolated strains. No recombination events or positive selection pressure sites were observed. To our knowledge, this study is the first to analyse the genetic characteristics of epidemic strains in the first dengue outbreak in Hunan Province in inland China.Conclusions: The causative agent is likely to come from Zhejiang Province, a neighbouring province where dengue fever broke out in 2017. This study may help clarify the intrinsic geographical relatedness of DENV-2 and contribute to further research on pathogenicity and vaccine development.
Uncertainty Analysis of Hydrological Drought due to Record Length, Time Scale, and Probability Distribution Functions Using Monte-Carlo Simulation Method
Authors: Ghasemnezhad Faezeh , Bazrafshan Ommolbanin , Fazeli Mehdi , Parvinnia Mohammad , Singh Vijay 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Standardized Runoff Index (SRI), as one of the well-known hydrological drought indices, may contain uncertainties caused by the employment of the distribution function, time scale, and record length of statistical data. In this study, the uncertainty in the SRI estimation of monthly discharge data of 30 and 49 year length from Minab dam watershed, south of Iran, was investigated. Four probability distribution functions (Gamma, Weibull, Lognormal, and Normal) were used to fit the cumulative discharge data at 3, 6. 9, 12, 24 and 48 month time scales, with their goodness-of-fit and normality evaluated by K-S and normality tests, respectively. Using Monte-Carlo sampling, 50,000 statistical data were generated for each event and each time scale, followed by 95% confidence interval. The width of the confidence interval was used as uncertainty and sources of uncertainty were investigated using miscellaneous factors. It was found that the maximum uncertainty was related to normal and lognormal distributions and the minimum uncertainty to gamma and Weibull distributions. Further, the increase in both time scale and record length led to the decrease in uncertainty.
Bioprinted 3D Outer Retina Barrier Uncovers RPE-dependent Choroidal Phenotype in Advanced Macular Degeneration
Authors: Bharti Kapil , Song Min Jae , Quinn Russell , Nguyen Eric , Park Tea Soon , Hampton Christopher , Sharma Ruchi , Koster Céline , Voss Ty , Tristan Carlos , Malley Claire , Singh Anju , Dejene Roba , Bose Devika , Derr Paige , Derr Kristy , Michael Sam , Barone Francesca , Maminishkis Arvydas , Singec Ilyas , Ferrer Marc 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a leading cause of blindness, initiates in the outer-blood-retina-barrier (oBRB) formed by Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), Bruch’s membrane, and choriocapillaris. The mechanism of AMD initiation and progression remain poorly understood due to the lack of physiologically relevant oBRB models. We engineered a native-like 3D-oBRB tissue by bioprinting endothelial cells, pericytes, and fibroblasts on the basal side of a biodegradable scaffold and establishing an RPE monolayer on top. In this 3D-oBRB, a fully-polarized RPE monolayer with apical processes and basal infoldings provides barrier resistance, induces fenestration and choroid-specific gene expression in the choriocapillaris, and supports the formation of a Bruch’s-like membrane that allows tissue integration in rat eyes. Complement activation in the 3D-oBRB triggers dry-AMD phenotypes (including subRPE drusen and choriocapillaris degeneration), and hypoxia activated HIF-α induces wet-AMD phenotypes (choriocapillaris neovascularization). Anti-VEGF drug treatment suppresses neovascularization - validating this model for clinical translation and drug discovery.
Association Between Tumor Mutation Burden and Prognosis in Lower-Grade Glioma: An Exploratory Study&nbsp;
Authors: Cao Di , Wang Jun , Lin Yan , Li Guangwei 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: The therapeutic efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy is highly influenced by tumor mutation burden (TMB). The relationship between TMB and prognosis in lower-grade glioma is still unclear. We aimed to explore the relationships and mechanisms between them in lower-grade glioma.Methods: We leveraged somatic mutation data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Clinical cases were divided into high- and low-TMB groups based on the median of TMB. Infiltrating immune cells were analyzed using CIBERSORT and differential expression analysis between the prognostic groups performed. The key genes were identified as intersecting between immune-related genes. Cox regression and survival analysis were performed on the intersecting genes. A total of 7 hub genes were identified. The effect of somatic copy number alterations (SCNA) of the hub genes on immune cell infiltration was analyzed using TIMER, which was used to determine the risk factors and immune infiltration status in LGG. Subsequently, based on hub genes, a TMB Prognosis Index (TMBPI) model was constructed to predict the risk in LGG patients. Besides, this model was validated using data from TCGA and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA).Results: High-TMB favored worse prognosis (P＜0.001) and macrophage infiltration was an independent risk factor (P＜0.001). In the high-TMB group (P=0.033, P=0.009), the proportion of macrophages M0 and M2 increased and monocytes decreased (P=0.006). Besides, the SCNA of the hub genes affected the level of immune cell infiltration by varying degrees among which IGF2BP3, NPNT, and PLA2G2A had a significant impact. The AUC of the ROC curve at 1-, 3- and 5-years were all above 0.74.Conclusions: This study implies that high-TMB correlated with unfavorable prognosis in lower-grade glioma. And high-TMB may have an impact on prognosis by changing tumor microenvironment, caused by the SCNAs of genes. The TMBPI model accurately predicted prognosis in LGG patients.
Good Performance in the Management of Acute Heart Failure in Cardiogeriatric Departments : The ICREX-94 Experience
Authors: Berthelot Emmanuelle , Broussier Amaury , Damy Thibaud , Donadio Cristiano , Cosson Stephane , Rovani Xavier , Salengro Emmanuel , Megbemado Richard , Rekik Noomen , Godreuil Christian , Richard Kevin , Shourick Jason , Assayag Patrick , Belmin Joel , David Jean Philippe , Hittinger Luc , Billebeau Gilles 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Context: A growing number of elderly patients hospitalized for Acute Heart Failure (AHF) are being managed in cardiogeriatrics departments, but their characteristics and prognosis are poorly known. This study aimed to investigate the profile and outcome (rehospitalization at 90 days) of patients hospitalized for AHF in cardiogeriatrics departments in the Val-de-Marne area in the suburbs of Paris, and to compare them to AHF patients hospitalized in cardiology departments in the same area. Methods: Observational study, ICREX-94, conducted in seven cardiology departments in France and three specific cardiogeriatrics departments in Val-de-Marne. Results: A total of 308 patients were hospitalized for AHF between October 2017 and January 2019. During the 90 days following discharge, 29.6% patients were readmitted to the hospital. Compared with patients hospitalized in cardiology departments, patients in cardiogeriatrics departments were older (p<0.001), less independent (living more often alone or in an institution) (p<0.001), more often depressed (p<0.001), had more often major neurocognitive disorder (p<0.001), had a higher Human Development Index (HDI, p<0.001), and were less often diagnosed with amyloidosis (p<0.001). There was no difference in outcome whether patients were discharged from cardiology or cardiogeriatrics departments. The most frequent precipitating factors underlying AHF decompensation between the first and second hospitalization were arrhythmia and infection.Conclusion: AHF patients discharged from cardiogeriatrics departments, compared to cardiology departments, showed clinical differences but had the same prognosis regarding AHF rehospitalization at 90 days.
Rapid Molecular Diagnosis of Parechovirus Infection Using the Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Technique
Authors: Yokoyama Tadafumi , Tasaki Yuko , Inoue Natsumi , Sugimoto Naotoshi , Nariai Eri , Kuramoto Sanae , Wada Taizo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objectives Human parechovirus (HPeV), especially HPeV A3 (HPeV3), causes sepsis-like diseases and sudden infant death syndrome in neonates and young infants. However, commercial laboratory tests for HPeVs, including HPeV3, do not exist.Methods We originally designed inner primers, outer primers, and loop-primers on the 5′ untranslated region of HPeV3. We used HPeV3 ribonucleic acids (RNAs), other viral RNAs, and clinical stool samples to confirm whether our designed primers would allow the detection of HPeV3 with the reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) technique.Results We created three combinations of primers and confirmed that all primer sets allowed the detection of HPeV3 RNAs in only 60 minutes. These primer sets had cross-reactivity with HPeV type 1 (HPeV1), but all sets showed negative results when we applied Coxsackievirus, Echovirus, Enterovirus, Norovirus, and Adenovirus genomes. Four of six stool samples, which were obtained from newborn and infant patients with sepsis-like symptoms, showed positive results with our RT-LAMP technique.Conclusions This report is the first showing that HPeVs can be detected with RT-LAMP. Based on this finding, HPeV infection can be diagnosed faster, more easily, and with less cost. This technique is clinically useful for newborn and infants who have sepsis-like symptoms.