bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental verification of cluster analysis to identify valuable breeding samples of spring wheat
Authors: Sidorenko V S , Tugareva F V , Starikova Zh V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The article provides experimental data on the study of breeding material of spring wheat, spelt and lines of interspecific hybrids. On the basis of structural and cluster analyzes, the morphological similarity of the new breeding lines of interspecific hybrids (Triticum durum x Triticum dicoccum) with spring durum wheat varieties and their significant difference from the Runo spelt variety were revealed. Cluster analysis by indicators of structural analysis in 2018-2019 of varieties, breeding lines and interspecific hybrids made it possible to form 7 clusters. Cluster No. 1 deserves attention, in which the high-yielding variety Triada and the hybrid Hordeiform 1461-15, obtained as a result of interspecific hybridization, are grouped (Triticum durum x Triticum dicoccum). The short-stemmed (76 cm) line leukurum 1560-18, allocated in a separate cluster, has a well-grained ear, the most resistant to lodging. Cluster analysis of grain quality made it possible to identify varieties and lines that ensure the collection of protein above the standard varieties of soft wheat Daria, Granny. A new valuable source material with a complex of positive traits for breeding for high productivity was revealed (varieties Triada, Donskaya elegy, hybrid Hordeiform 1461-15). Yield of the Triada variety in 2020 was 5.3 t/ha, of the Donskaya elegy 4.36 t/ha, of interspecific hybrid No. 1461-15 - 4.27 t/ha with LSD05 = 0.4 t/ha, which is significantly higher indicators of other varieties and lines.
A novel dual phase high entropy casting alloy with high damping capacity
Authors: Xu Cheng , Geng Ningning , Xiang Qingchun , Qu Yingdong , Yu Bo , Qiu Keqiang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The microstructure, phase structure, mechanical properties and damping capacity of Al
x
Fe2CrNiCu (x = 0.0, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5) (x in molar ratio) HEAs were investigated. The results show that with the increase of x value, the volume fractions of BCC phase increase from 0 for x = 0.0 to 100% x = 1.5 for the as-cast Al
x
Fe2CrNiCu HEAs. Among them, a novel dual phase microstructure consisting of 51 vol.% FCC and 49 vol.% BCC with large interface area was obtained in Al0.5FeCrNiCu HEA. Especially the compressive yield strength of the alloy with BCC structure is more than 5 times larger than that of the alloy with FCC structure, indicating that a typical damping alloy with a soft second phase distributed on the hard matrix was successfully fabricated. Compared with other HEAs, the damping capacity (Q−1) of Al0.5 HEA is 0.1, which is the largest one obtained up to now. The foundational contribution of this paper is to show that the damping capacity of the HEAs can be adjusted by tuning the volume fraction of BCC and FCC phases.
Small-volume vitrification and rapid warming yield high survivals of one-cell rat embryos in cryotubes
Authors: Fukuda Yasuyoshi , Higashiya Misako , Obata Takahiro , Basaki Keita , Yano Megumi , Matsumura Kazuaki , Ono Kyoichi , Ohba Takayoshi , Okamoto Yosuke , Nishijima Kazutoshi , Seki Shinsuke 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
To cryopreserve cells, it is essential to avoid intracellular ice formation during cooling and warming. One way to achieve this is to convert the water inside the cells into a non-crystalline glass. It is currently believed that to accomplish this vitrification, the cells must be suspended in a very high concentration (20–40%) of a glass-inducing solute, and subsequently cooled very rapidly. Herein, we report that this belief is erroneous with respect to the vitrification of one-cell rat embryos. In the present study, one-cell rat embryos were vitrified with 5 μL of EFS10 (a mixture of 10% ethylene glycol (EG), 27% Ficoll, and 0.45 M sucrose) in cryotubes at a moderate cooling rate, and warmed at various rates. Survival was assessed according to the ability of the cells to develop into blastocysts and to develop to term. When embryos were vitrified at a 2613 °C/min cooling rate and thawed by adding 1 mL of sucrose solution (0.3 M, 50 °C) at a warming rate of 18 467 °C/min, 58.1 ± 3.5% of the EFS10-vitrified embryos developed into blastocysts, and 50.0 ± 4.7% developed to term. These rates were similar to those of non-treated intact embryos. Using a conventional cryotube, we achieved developmental capabilities in one-cell rat embryos by rapid warming that were comparable to those of intact embryos, even using low concentrations (10%) of cell-permeating cryoprotectant and at low cooling rates.
Haematology and plasma biochemistry reference intervals for the critically endangered western Santa Cruz Galapagos tortoise (Chelonoidis porteri)
Authors: Nieto-Claudín Ainoa , Palmer Jamie L , Esperón Fernando , Deem Sharon L 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Reference intervals (RIs) are an increasingly valuable tool for monitoring captive and free-living wildlife populations. Galapagos tortoises are one of the most emblematic species on Earth with 9 of the 12 extant species considered endangered due to human activities. As part of a long-term health assessment within the Galapagos Tortoise Movement Ecology Programme, we sampled a total of 210 free-living Santa Cruz Galapagos tortoises (Chelonoidis porteri). We collected blood from the brachial vein and performed packed cell volume (PCV), total solids (TS), morphological evaluation, white blood cell (WBC) count estimates and differentials and a VetScan biochemistry panel for each individual. We calculated 95% RIs and 90% confidence intervals (CIs) using the Reference Value Advisor tool and following international standard guidelines. Tortoises were categorized by estimated age and sex, with RI and CI reported here for 164 adult tortoises and 46 sub-adult tortoises. We found significant differences between sexes, with adult females presenting a lower PCV and higher values for both calcium and potassium. Among age groups, adult tortoises presented higher PCV, TS and albumin and lower WBC counts, aspartate aminotransferase and creatine kinase than sub-adult tortoises. We also found that tortoises presented higher numbers of lymphocytes during the dry season, but higher basophils, eosinophils, phosphorus, potassium and TS during the humid season. The heterophil:lymphocyte ratio did not differ between groups. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of formal plasma biochemistry and haematology RI for free-living Galapagos tortoises. With the present study we provide an important diagnostic tool for captive-breeding programs in the Galapagos and zoological institutions globally that care for giant tortoises. The ultimate goal of this study is to contribute to the understanding of giant tortoise baseline health parameters and to inform local management decisions that help to conserve these emblematic species.
Potential Role of Epithelial Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Anterior Gradient Protein 2 Homologue in Crohn’s Disease Fibrosis
Authors: Vieujean Sophie , Hu Shurong , Bequet Emeline , Salee Catherine , Massot Charlotte , Bletard Noëlla , Pierre Nicolas , Quesada Calvo Florence , Baiwir Dominique , Mazzucchelli Gabriel , De Pauw Edwin , Coimbra Marques Carla , Delvenne Philippe , Rieder Florian , Louis Edouard , Meuwis Marie-Alice 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
Intestinal fibrosis is a common complication of Crohn’s disease [CD]. It is characterised by an accumulation of fibroblasts differentiating into myofibroblasts secreting excessive extracellular matrix. The potential role of the intestinal epithelium in this fibrotic process remains poorly defined.

Methods
We performed a pilot proteomic study comparing the proteome of surface epithelium, isolated by laser-capture microdissection, in normal and fibrotic zones of resected ileal CD strictures [13 zones collected in five patients]. Proteins of interests were validated by immunohistochemistry [IHC] in ileal and colonic samples of stricturing CD [n = 44], pure inflammatory CD [n = 29], and control [n = 40] subjects. The pro-fibrotic role of one selected epithelial protein was investigated through in-vitro experiments using HT-29 epithelial cells and a CCD-18Co fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation model.

Results
Proteomic study revealed an endoplasmic reticulum [ER] stress proteins increase in the epithelium of CD ileal fibrotic strictures, including anterior gradient protein 2 homologue [AGR2] and binding-immunoglobulin protein [BiP]. This was confirmed by IHC. In HT-29 cells, tunicamycin-induced ER stress triggered AGR2 intracellular expression and its secretion. Supernatant of these HT-29 cells, pre-conditioned by tunicamycin, led to a myofibroblastic differentiation when applied on CCD-18Co fibroblasts. By using recombinant protein and blocking agent for AGR2, we demonstrated that the secretion of this protein by epithelial cells can play a role in the myofibroblastic differentiation.

Conclusions
The development of CD fibrotic strictures could involve epithelial ER stress and particularly the secretion of AGR2.
The genus Anaplasma: drawing back the curtain on tick–pathogen interactions
Authors: O'Neal Anya J , Singh Nisha , Mendes Maria Tays , Pedra Joao H F 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
Tick-borne illnesses pose a serious concern to human and veterinary health and their prevalence is on the rise. The interactions between ticks and the pathogens they carry are largely undefined. However, the genus Anaplasma, a group of tick-borne bacteria, has been instrumental in uncovering novel paradigms in tick biology. The emergence of sophisticated technologies and the convergence of entomology with microbiology, immunology, metabolism and systems biology has brought tick–Anaplasma interactions to the forefront of vector biology with broader implications for the infectious disease community. Here, we discuss the use of Anaplasma as an instrument for the elucidation of novel principles in arthropod-microbe interactions. We offer an outlook of the primary areas of study, outstanding questions and future research directions.
Flexible behaviour in a mesopelagic fish (Maurolicus muelleri)
Authors: Christiansen Svenja , Klevjer Thor A , Røstad Anders , Aksnes Dag L , Kaartvedt Stein 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Variability of mesopelagic scattering layers is often attributed to environmental conditions or multi-species layer composition. Yet, little is known about variation in behaviour among the individuals forming scattering layers. Based on a 10 months high-resolution dataset from stationary echosounders in a Norwegian fjord, we here assess short-term and long-term behaviour of a single mesopelagic fish species, the pearlside Maurolicus muelleri. The daytime vertical extension of the monospecific pearlside scattering layers spanned four orders of magnitude ambient light in the autumn and winter and less than one order of magnitude in summer. While the main layers tracked relatively stable light levels over daytime, some individuals actively crossed light gradients of up to 1.5 orders of magnitude. This included individuals that moved between scattering layers, and apparently bold individuals that made regular upward excursions beyond the main population distribution. During the daytime, M. muelleri mitigated the risk of predation by forming tight groups in the upper scattering layer and, at light levels &gt;10−6 µmol m−2 s−1, by instantly diving into deeper waters upon encounters with predators. Our observations suggest that individual, and probably state-dependent, decisions may extend the pearlsides’ vertical distribution, with implications for predator–prey interactions.
Genomics of response to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in purebred and crossbred sows: antibody response and performance following natural infection vs. vaccination
Authors: Sanglard Leticia P , Hickmann Felipe M W , Huang Yijian , Gray Kent A , Linhares Daniel C L , Dekkers Jack C M , Niederwerder Megan C , Fernando Rohan L , Braccini Neto Joseph , Serão Nick V L 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAntibody response, measured as sample-to-positive (S/P) ratio, to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) following a PRRSV-outbreak (S/POutbreak) in a purebred nucleus and following a PRRSV-vaccination (S/PVx) in commercial crossbred herds have been proposed as genetic indicator traits for improved reproductive performance in PRRSV-infected purebred and PRRSV-vaccinated crossbred sows, respectively. In this study, we investigated the genetic relationships of S/POutbreak and S/PVx with performance at the commercial (vaccinated crossbred sows) and nucleus level (non-infected and PRRSV-infected purebred sows), respectively, and tested the effect of previously identified SNP for these indicator traits. Antibody response was measured on 541 Landrace sows ~54 d after the start of a PRRSV outbreak, and on 906 F1 (Landrace × Large White) gilts ~50 d after vaccination with a commercial PRRSV vaccine. Reproductive performance was recorded for 711 and 428 Landrace sows before and during the PRRSV outbreak, respectively, and for 811 vaccinated F1 animals. The estimate of the genetic correlation (rg) of S/POutbreak with S/PVx was 0.72 ± 0.18. The estimates of rg of S/POutbreak with reproductive performance in vaccinated crossbred sows were low to moderate, ranging from 0.05 ± 0.23 to 0.30 ± 0.20. The estimate of rg of S/PVx with reproductive performance in non-infected purebred sows was moderate and favorable with number born alive (0.50 ± 0.23) but low (0 ± 0.23 to −0.11 ± 0.23) with piglet mortality traits. The estimates of rg of S/PVx were moderate and negative (−0.38 ± 0.21) with number of mummies in PRRSV-infected purebred sows and low with other traits (−0.30 ± 0.18 to 0.05 ± 0.18). Several significant associations (P0 &gt; 0.90) of previously reported SNP for S/P ratio (ASGA0032063 and H3GA0020505) were identified for S/P ratio and performance in non-infected purebred and PRRSV-exposed purebred and crossbred sows. Genomic regions harboring the major histocompatibility complex class II region significantly contributed to the genetic correlation of antibody response to PRRSV with most of the traits analyzed. These results indicate that selection for antibody response in purebred sows following a PRRSV outbreak in the nucleus and for antibody response to PRRSV vaccination measured in commercial crossbred sows are expected to increase litter size in purebred and commercial sows.
The dynamics of the invasion of the rusty crayfish,Faxonius rusticus(Girard, 1852) (Decapoda: Astacidea), in two New York state, USA stream systems
Authors: Kuhlmann Mark L 
Published: March 2021

AbstractI used 20 years of sampling data to describe the dynamics of the invasion of the rusty crayfish, Faxonius rusticus (Girard, 1852), of two stream systems in New York state (USA) and compare this invasion to invasions of this species of lakes elsewhere in North America. Rusty crayfish typically increased rapidly in abundance while displacing native crayfishes, becoming &gt; 90% of crayfish captured in an average of 9 years. As in lakes, overall crayfish abundance increased as the invasion progressed. The F. rusticus population spread at a median rate of 3 km yr–1 upstream and 8.1 km yr–1 downstream. The hypothesis that an Allee effect would occur at the invasion front was not supported, since the rate of change of F. rusticus abundance did not increase as the invasion progressed. Qualitatively, the dynamics of F. rusticus’s invasion of streams are similar to previous findings for lakes, suggesting that the main processes affecting the invasions are similar.
Re-evaluating the Economic Injury Level for Alfalfa Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Control in Low Desert Irrigated Alfalfa
Authors: Harrington K , Carrière Y , Mostafa A M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) dominates cropping systems in the Western United States and is first in terms of acreage planted in Arizona. The alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gylenhall) and/or Hypera brunneipennis (Boheman), respectively, is the most destructive pest in terms of yield loss in low desert-grown alfalfa hay. The current economic threshold of 15–20 larvae per sweep, established in California in 1975, is currently not suitable or adopted by growers in the western U.S. low desert. Here, we conducted 4 yr of field trials to re-evaluate this economic threshold. Supporting observations of agricultural growers and professionals in the region, our results indicate that the economic threshold established in 1975 is too high. Specifically, one to three large larvae often cause a significant decrease in yield justifying weevil control based on current hay prices and costs of insecticide application. These results are discussed in the context of sustainable alfalfa production in the western U.S. low desert.
Habitat use by two sympatric species of short-tailed opossums (Didelphidae:Monodelphis) in an area in eastern Amazonia
Authors: Ardente Natália C , Ferreguetti Átilla C , Gettinger Donald , Leal Pricila , Martins-Hatano Fernanda , Banhos Aureo , Bergallo Helena G 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTwo short-tailed opossum species, Monodelphis glirina and M. touan, occur in sympatry in an area of eastern Amazonia. Habitat structure and resource availability may influence habitat use and, consequently, species distribution, detectability, occupancy, and abundance. We evaluated occupancy and detectability of the species M. glirina and M. touan in the Carajás National Forest to answer the following questions: (1) Do both species occur in canga and forest habitats? (2) Do detectability and occupancy of M. touan and M. glirina differ in areas of canga and forest? (3) Does the presence of one species affect the detection of the other? We undertook surveys at 50 sampling sites (26 in canga and 24 in forest habitat). In addition, we developed co-occurrence models to test the relationships between occupancy and detection of M. touan in the presence or absence of M. glirina. We captured 693 individuals of M. glirina (587 in canga and 106 in forest) and 112 of M. touan (only one individual captured in canga). Occupancy by M. glirina was positively influenced by superficial rock cover and litter depth, while detectability was negatively influenced by canopy cover. Occupancy by M. touan was influenced positively by canopy cover, number of fallen trunks on the ground, and litter depth (Ψ = 0.315). Data from forest sites where M. touan and M. glirina occurred more often corroborated our third hypothesis, that detectability of M. touan is low when M. glirina is present. Our results highlight the existence of habitat preference by the two species of Monodelphis.
Diabetes pathogenesis and management: the endothelium comes of age
Authors: Love Kaitlin M , Barrett Eugene J , Malin Steven K , Reusch Jane E B , Regensteiner Judith G , Liu Zhenqi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEndothelium, acting as a barrier, protects tissues against factors that provoke insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes and itself responds to the insult of insulin resistance inducers with altered function. Endothelial insulin resistance and vascular dysfunction occur early in the evolution of insulin resistance-related disease, can co-exist with and even contribute to the development of metabolic insulin resistance, and promote vascular complications in those affected. The impact of endothelial insulin resistance and vascular dysfunction varies depending on the blood vessel size and location, resulting in decreased arterial plasticity, increased atherosclerosis and vascular resistance, and decreased tissue perfusion. Women with insulin resistance and diabetes are disproportionately impacted by cardiovascular disease, likely related to differential sex-hormone endothelium effects. Thus, reducing endothelial insulin resistance and improving endothelial function in the conduit arteries may reduce atherosclerotic complications, in the resistance arteries lead to better blood pressure control, and in the microvasculature lead to less microvascular complications and more effective tissue perfusion. Multiple diabetes therapeutic modalities, including medications and exercise training, improve endothelial insulin action and vascular function. This action may delay the onset of type 2 diabetes and/or its complications, making the vascular endothelium an attractive therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes and potentially type 1 diabetes.
Restrictions On Privacy and Exploitation In The Digital Economy: A Market Failure Perspective
Authors: Economides Nicholas , Lianos Ioannis 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The recent controversy on the intersection of competition law with the protection of privacy, following the emergence of big data and social media is a major challenge for competition authorities worldwide. Recent technological progress in data analytics may greatly facilitate the prediction of personality traits and attributes from even a few digital records of human behaviour. There are different perspectives globally as to the level of personal data protection and the role competition law may play in that context, hence the discussion of integrating such concerns in competition law enforcement may be premature for some jurisdictions. However, a market failure approach may provide common intellectual foundations for the assessment of harms associated with the exploitation of personal data, even when the specific legal system does not formally recognize a fundamental right to privacy. The paper presents a model of market failure based on a requirement provision in the acquisition of personal information from users of other products/services. We establish the economic harm from the market failure and the requirement using the traditional competition law toolbox and focusing more on situations in which the restriction on privacy may be analysed as a form of exploitation.
Travelling to polluted cities: a systematic review on the harm of air pollution on international travellers’ health
Authors: Vilcassim M J Ruzmyn , Callahan Amy E , Zierold Kristina M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Rationale for Review
In 2019, approximately, 1.4 billion people travelled internationally. Many individuals travel to megacities where air pollution concentrations can vary significantly. Short-term exposure to air pollutants can cause morbidity and mortality related to cardiovascular and respiratory disease, with the literature clearly reporting a strong association between short-term exposure to particulate matter ≤2.5 μm and ozone with adverse health outcomes in resident populations. However, limited research has been conducted on the health impacts of short-term exposure to air pollution in individuals who travel internationally. The objective of this systematic review was to review the evidence for the respiratory and cardiovascular health impacts from exposure to air pollution during international travel to polluted cities in adults aged ≥18 years old.

Key Findings
We searched PubMed, Scopus and EMBASE for studies related to air pollution and the health impacts on international travellers. Of the initially identified 115 articles that fit the search criteria, 6 articles were selected for the final review. All six studies found indications of adverse health impacts of air pollution exposure on international travellers, with most of the changes being reversible upon return to their home country/city. However, none of these studies contained large populations nor investigated vulnerable populations, such as children, elderly or those with pre-existing conditions.

Conclusions
More research is warranted to clearly understand the impacts of air pollution related changes on travellers’ health, especially on vulnerable groups who may be at higher risk of adverse impacts during travel to polluted cities.