bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adverse consequences of immediate thrombolysis-related complications: a multi-centre registry-based cohort study of acute stroke
Authors: Han Thang S. , Gulli Giosue , Fry Christopher H. , Affley Brendan , Robin Jonathan , Fluck David , Kakar Puneet , Sharma Pankaj 
Published: July 2021

AbstractComplications following thrombolysis for stroke are well documented, and mostly concentrated on haemorrhage. However, the consequences of patients who experience any immediate thrombolysis-related complications (TRC) compared to patients without immediate TRC have not been examined. Prospectively collected data from the Sentinel Stroke National Audit Programme were analysed. Thrombolysis was performed in 451 patients (52.1% men; 75.3 years ± 13.2) admitted with acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) in four UK centres between 2014 and 2016. Adverse consequences following immediate TRC were assessed using logistic regression, adjusted for age, sex and co-morbidities. Twenty-nine patients (6.4%) acquired immediate TRC. Compared to patients without, individuals with immediate TRC had greater adjusted risks of: moderately-severe or severe stroke (National Institutes of Health for Stroke Scale score ≥ 16) at 24-h (5.7% vs 24.7%, OR 3.9, 95% CI 1.4–11.1); worst level of consciousness (LOC) in the first 7 days (score ≥ 1; 25.0 vs 60.7, OR 4.6, 95% CI 2.1–10.2); urinary tract infection or pneumonia within 7-days of admission (13.5% vs 39.3%, OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.3–7.7); length of stay (LOS) on hyperacute stroke unit (HASU) ≥ 2 weeks (34.7% vs 66.7%, OR 5.2, 95% CI 1.5–18.4); mortality (13.0% vs 41.4%, OR 3.7, 95% CI 1.6–8.4); moderately-severe or severe disability (modified Rankin Scale  score ≥ 4) at discharge (26.8% vs 65.5%, OR 4.7, 95% CI 2.1–10.9); palliative care by discharge date (5.1% vs 24.1%, OR 5.1, 95% CI 1.7–15.7). The median LOS on the HASU was longer (7 days vs 30 days, Kruskal–Wallis test: χ2 = 8.9, p = 0.003) while stroke severity did not improve (NIHSS score at 24-h post-thrombolysis minus NIHSS score at arrival = − 4 vs 0, χ2 = 24.3, p < 0.001). In conclusion, the risk of nosocomial infections, worsening of stroke severity, longer HASU stay, disability and death is increased following immediate TRC. The management of patients following immediate TRC is more complex than previously thought and such complexity needs to be considered when planning an increased thrombolysis service.
Environmental impacts of wooden, plastic, and wood-polymer composite pallet: a life cycle assessment approach
Authors: Khan Md.Musharof Hussain , Deviatkin Ivan , Havukainen Jouni , Horttanainen Mika 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Waste recycling is one of the essential tools for the European Union’s transition towards a circular economy. One of the possibilities for recycling wood and plastic waste is to utilise it to produce composite product. This study analyses the environmental impacts of producing composite pallets made of wood and plastic waste from construction and demolition activities in Finland. It also compares these impacts with conventional wooden and plastic pallets made of virgin materials.

Methods
Two different life cycle assessment methods were used: attributional life cycle assessment and consequential life cycle assessment. In both of the life cycle assessment studies, 1000 trips were considered as the functional unit. Furthermore, end-of-life allocation formula such as 0:100 with a credit system had been used in this study. This study also used sensitivity analysis and normalisation calculation to determine the best performing pallet.

Result and discussion
In the attributional cradle-to-grave life cycle assessment, wood-polymer composite pallets had the lowest environmental impact in abiotic depletion potential (fossil), acidification potential, eutrophication potential, global warming potential (including biogenic carbon), global warming potential (including biogenic carbon) with indirect land-use change, and ozone depletion potential. In contrast, wooden pallets showed the lowest impact on global warming potential (excluding biogenic carbon). In the consequential life cycle assessment, wood-polymer composite pallets showed the best environmental impact in all impact categories. In both attributional and consequential life cycle assessments, plastic pallet had the maximum impact. The sensitivity analysis and normalisation calculation showed that wood-polymer composite pallets can be a better choice over plastic and wooden pallet.

Conclusions
The overall results of the pallets depends on the methodological approach of the LCA. However, it can be concluded that the wood-polymer composite pallet can be a better choice over the plastic pallet and, in most cases, over the wooden pallet. This study will be of use to the pallet industry and relevant stakeholders.
Critical thinking and non-formal Islamic education: Perspectives from young Muslims in the Netherlands
Authors: Altinyelken Hülya Kosar 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCritical thinking is a highly valued skill in the twenty-first century, and its incorporation into formal school curricula as a core skill is nearly ubiquitous globally. It is considered imperative for educational quality, employability, competitiveness, and for promoting democratisation and social integration. While schools are tasked to promote critical thinking, non-formal Islamic education (NFIE) provided by mosques or by private organisations or tutors is often criticized for its emphasis on rote learning and memorisation, and for fostering an uncritical acceptance of authority. Based on interviews with 27 young adult alumni from four different Muslim communities in the Netherlands, this study seeks to explore the pedagogy of NFIE, with a focus on critical thinking. The accounts of young adults revealed that an emphasis on stimulating critical thinking was largely absent, and there were limited opportunities for interactions, questions, debating or challenging the authority of religious educators or Islamic texts. The traditional pedagogical approach, discouraging attitudes of educators and peers, lack of language proficiency, the young age of learners, and a perceived lack of need for critical deliberations were identified as key challenges. Young adults called for reforming the pedagogy of NFIE to allow for more reflexive, inquisitive and dialogical learning. Some argued that lack of critical deliberation would lead to weakness in the belief structures and faith of new generation Muslims in Europe, resulting in a sense of confusion and disorientation, and limited embodiment of Islamic principles.
Kommunikation für Sozialen Wandel
Authors: Hamidi Kefa , Mielke Möglich Antonia 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag befasst sich mit Ansätzen derKommunikation für Sozialen Wandel(Communication for Social Change,auchEntwicklungskommunikation). Gemeint ist damit die Beschäftigung mit der Rolle von Kommunikation und Medien in gesellschaftlichen Transformationsprozessen, die Nachhaltigkeit auf ökologischer, ökonomischer, sozialer und kultureller Ebene anstreben. Dieser Forschungszweig wird oftmals immer noch auf Länder bezogen, die ökonomisch weniger entwickelt sind, zum Beispiel Länder des globalen Südens. Im Gegensatz dazu setzen wir voraus, dass gesellschaftliche Transformation für alle Nationen relevant ist, da strukturelle Formen von Marginalisierung auch in wirtschaftlich starken Nationen auftreten.In der deutschen Kommunikationswissenschaft fand das Feld derKSWin den letzten drei Jahrzehnten nur vereinzelt Beachtung, obwohl es angesichts globaler Metaprozesse und internationaler Konflikte an Bedeutung zunimmt und sich inzwischen auch angrenzende Disziplinen für den Zusammenhang von Medien und gesellschaftlichen Transformationsprozessen interessieren. In Anlehnung an Kritiken des internationalen Feldes formuliert dieser Beitrag einen Ansatz derKSWals Forschungs- und Praxisfeld, das zunehmend soziale Bewegungen und in der Gesellschaft auftretende Formen von Teilhabe und Ausgrenzung von Personengruppen untersucht. Das bedeutet, verstärkt zivilbürgerliche Selbstorganisationen als zentrale Agenten gesellschaftlicher Transformationsprozesse zu betrachten, da diesen zunehmend Einfluss auf Politik und Gesellschaft zukommt. Zudem wird anhaltend gefordert, die Menschen, über die geforscht wird, in den Forschungsprozess einzubeziehen. Die Idee der partizipativen Forschung liegt auch diesem Beitrag zugrunde.Abschließend plädieren wir sowohl für mehr empirische Forschungen als auch für die Etablierung eines Studienganges zuKSWin Deutschland.
Measures of noncompactness in modular spaces and fixed point theorems for multivalued nonexpansive mappings
Authors: Benavides T. Domínguez , Ramírez P. Lorenzo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper is devoted to state some fixed point results for multivalued mappings in modular vector spaces. For this purpose, we study the uniform noncompact convexity, a geometric property for modular spaces which is similar to nearly uniform convexity in the Banach spaces setting. Using this property, we state several new fixed point theorems for multivalued nonexpansive mappings in modular spaces.
Should we account for mesozooplankton reproduction and ontogenetic growth in biogeochemical modeling?
Authors: Clerc Corentin , Aumont Olivier , Bopp Laurent 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMesozooplankton play a key role in marine ecosystems as they modulate the transfer of energy from phytoplankton to large marine organisms. In addition, they directly influence the oceanic cycles of carbon and nutrients through vertical migrations, fecal pellet production, respiration, and excretion. Mesozooplankton are mainly made up of metazoans, which undergo important size changes during their life cycle, resulting in significant variations in metabolic rates. However, most marine biogeochemical models represent mesozooplankton as protists-like organisms. Here, we study the potential caveats of this simplistic representation by using a chemostat-like zero-dimensional model with four different Nutrient-Phytoplankton-Zooplankton configurations in which the description of mesozooplankton ranges from protist-type organisms to using a size-based formulation including explicit reproduction and ontogenetic growth. We show that the size-based formulation strongly impacts mesozooplankton. First, it generates a delay of a few months in the response to an increase in food availability. Second, the increase in mesozooplankton biomass displays much larger temporal variations, in the form of successive cohorts, because of the dependency of the ingestion rate to body size. However, the size-based formulation does not affect smaller plankton or nutrient concentrations. A proper assessment of these top-down effects would require implementing our size-resolved approach in a 3-dimensional biogeochemical model. Furthermore, the bottom-up effects on higher trophic levels resulting from the significant changes in the temporal dynamics of mesozooplankton could be estimated in an end-to-end model coupling low and high trophic levels.
Distribution and origin of anomalously high permeability zones in Weizhou formation, Weizhou 12-X oilfield, Weixinan Sag, China
Authors: Chen Guosong , Meng Yuanlin , Huan Jinlai , Wang Youchun , Zhang Lei , Xiao Lihua 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn order to study the dominant seepage channel of the third member of Weizhou formation (Ew3) in Weizhou 12-X oilfield, Weixinan Sag, Beibu Gulf Basin, and tap the potential of remaining oil. The distribution and causes of the anomalously high permeability zones in Weizhou Formation were studied by using conventional core physical property analysis, scanning electron microscope, laser particle size analysis, X-ray diffraction and thin section microscopic identification. As the results show, vertically,there are three anomalously high permeability zones in the A11, A12 and A21 micro-stage of the middle diagenetic stage, with the depth range of 2300 m ~ 2400 m, 2400 m ~ 2600 m, 2600 m ~ 2900 m respectively. Grain size, sorting, dissolution and early emplacement of hydrocarbons are the main causes of anomalously high permeability zones. Although both grain size and sorting affect porosity and permeability, the effect of grain size on permeability is stronger than sorting, and sorting has a stronger effect on porosity than grain size. Magmatic hydrothermal and organic acid promote dissolution and concomitant porosity and permeability increase by dissolving unstable minerals. The early emplacement of hydrocarbons retard the cementation and accompanying porosity and permeability reduction by reducing the water-rock ratio. Finally, sandstone reservoirs in the Ew3 are characterized by anomalously high permeability zones.
Exchange Flows in Tributary Creeks Enhance Dispersion by Tidal Trapping
Authors: Garcia Adrian Mikhail P. , Geyer W. Rockwell , Randall Noa 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The North River estuary (Massachusetts, USA) is a tidal marsh creek network where tidal dispersion processes dominate the salt balance. A field study using moorings, shipboard measurements, and drone surveys was conducted to characterize and quantify tidal trapping due to tributary creeks. During flood tide, saltwater propagates up the main channel and gets “trapped” in the creeks. The creeks inherit an axial salinity gradient from the time-varying salinity at their boundary with the main channel, but it is stronger than the salinity gradient of the main channel because of relatively weaker currents. The stronger salinity gradient drives a baroclinic circulation that stratifies the creeks, while the main channel remains well-mixed. Because of the creeks’ shorter geometries, tidal currents in the creeks lead those in the main channel; therefore, the creeks never fill with the saltiest water which passes the main channel junction. This velocity phase difference is enhanced by the exchange flow in the creeks, which fast-tracks the fresher surface layer in the creeks back to the main channel. Through ebb tide, the relatively fresh creek outflows introduce a negative salinity anomaly into the main channel, where it is advected downstream by the tide. Using high-resolution measurements, we empirically determine the salinity anomaly in the main channel resulting from its exchange with the creeks to calculate a dispersion rate due to trapping. Our dispersion rate is larger than theoretical estimates that neglect the exchange flow in the creeks. Trapping contributes more than half the landward salt flux in this region.
Wi-Sense: a passive human activity recognition system using Wi-Fi and convolutional neural network and its integration in health information systems
Authors: Muaaz Muhammad , Chelli Ali , Gerdes Martin Wulf , Pätzold Matthias 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA human activity recognition (HAR) system acts as the backbone of many human-centric applications, such as active assisted living and in-home monitoring for elderly and physically impaired people. Although existing Wi-Fi-based human activity recognition methods report good results, their performance is affected by the changes in the ambient environment. In this work, we present Wi-Sense—a human activity recognition system that uses a convolutional neural network (CNN) to recognize human activities based on the environment-independent fingerprints extracted from the Wi-Fi channel state information (CSI). First, Wi-Sense captures the CSI by using a standard Wi-Fi network interface card. Wi-Sense applies the CSI ratio method to reduce the noise and the impact of the phase offset. In addition, it applies the principal component analysis to remove redundant information. This step not only reduces the data dimension but also removes the environmental impact. Thereafter, we compute the processed data spectrogram which reveals environment-independent time-variant micro-Doppler fingerprints of the performed activity. We use these spectrogram images to train a CNN. We evaluate our approach by using a human activity data set collected from nine volunteers in an indoor environment. Our results show that Wi-Sense can recognize these activities with an overall accuracy of 97.78%. To stress on the applicability of the proposed Wi-Sense system, we provide an overview of the standards involved in the health information systems and systematically describe how Wi-Sense HAR system can be integrated into the eHealth infrastructure.
Linking geological heritage and geoethics with a particular emphasis on palaeontological heritage: the new concept of ‘palaeontoethics’
Authors: DeMiguel Daniel , Brilha José , Alegret Laia , Arenillas Ignacio , Arz José A. , Gilabert Vicente , Strani Flavia , Valenciano Alberto , Villas Enrique , Azanza Beatriz 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGeoconservation and geoethics are two emergent domains in geosciences. During the last decade, both topics have increasingly gained the attention of geoscientists and the society, but the main geoethical dilemmas related to the conservation and management of geoheritage are not clearly identified yet. This work aims at providing an overview on the meaning and scope of geoethics and how it intersects geoheritage and the practice of geoconservation. Some case studies—many of which are under current debate and have a high potential as geoeducational resources—are presented for addressing ethical, social and cultural settings as well as dilemmas affecting geoheritage. We find that there are particular cases (mostly concerning the trade of fossils, and in particular the growing concern about activities that rely on amber from Myanmar) for which a clear dichotomy of views makes them much more problematic and complex. These cases deserve more suitable legal frameworks that help implement more balanced ethical standards and practice guidelines for geoconservation, guarantee human rights and needs in relation to that heritage and contribute to the advancement of geosciences. Particular attention is given to palaeontological heritage, as fossils are among the most threatened elements of the Earth’s diversity and are in need of more effective and statutory protection measures. In the context of geoethics applied to palaeontological heritage, and given the need of a clear understanding of what ethics in palaeontology means, a new concept—palaeontoethics—is proposed and formally defined.
Ja ich will! – Permission Marketing im deutschen Profifußball
Authors: Habenstein Dominic 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungEine zentrale Herausforderung der digitalen Transformation ist der Umgang mit personenbezogenen Daten. Zur persönlichen Kommunikation mit Konsumenten (etwa via E‑Mail) benötigen Organisationen die vorherige Einwilligung ihrer Kunden. Mit der Erlangung ebendieser tun sich Institutionen jedweder Branche, so auch professionelle Fußballclubs, jedoch schwer. Ziel des vorliegenden Beitrages ist es daher herauszuarbeiten, wie die Akquise der Werbeeinwilligung von Vereinskunden (unter Beachtung der EU-DSGVO Anforderungen) mit hohem Aufforderungscharakter ausgestaltet werden kann. Die Einwilligungsbereitschaft selbst ist dabei als Privacy-Calculus-Abwägung anzusehen, die insbesondere durch die Datenschutzbedenken und die Auskunftsbereitschaft eines Individuums abgebildet wird. Ein exploratives Online-Experiment mit 624 Probanden diente zur Untersuchung, ob Vereine durch den Einsatz von Incentives, Erläuterungstexten oder Wahl des Erhebungskanals Einfluss auf die Auskunftsbereitschaft und Datenschutzbedenken (und somit die Einwilligungsbereitschaft) ihrer Vereinskunden nehmen können und ob die Vereinsverbundenheit eines Individuums beeinflussend wirkt. Es zeigt sich, dass eine hohe Erläuterungstiefe im Moment der Datenabgabe sowie die Wahl des geeigneten Erhebungskanals die Auskunftsbereitschaft signifikant erhöhen und Datenschutzbedenken verringern können. Zudem weisen Vereinskunden per se und (in geringem Maße) auch in Abhängigkeit von ihrer Vereinsverbundenheit geringere Datenschutzbedenken auf als Kunden klassischer Unternehmen. Dies vereinfacht die Akquise von Werbeeinwilligungen zwar tendenziell, sollte vereinsseitig jedoch nicht als Selbstläufer missverstanden werden, sondern ist als Vertrauensvorschuss mit erhöhter Transparenznotwendigkeit zu verstehen. In der Praxis machen die Profivereine sich diese Potenziale tendenziell wenig zunutze, sondern neigen zu Intransparenz und optimierbarer Rechtskonformität.
The O-factor: using the H-factor concept to predict the outcome of organosolv pretreatment
Authors: Joseph Prajin , Opedal Mihaela Tanase , Moe Størker T. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe H-factor, a parameter used extensively to analyze and predict the outcome of kraft pulping, is applied to organosolv pretreatment. The total solid yield after organosolv pretreatment fits well with the H-factor. The concept has been extended to apply to the individual biomass polymers using unique values for the activation energy for the depolymerization of the individual biomass polymers, giving the O-factor concept analogous to the P factor used for analyzing prehydrolysis kinetics. The results showed a linear relationship between ln(L0/L) and O-factor at an activation energy of 96 kJ/mol. The best linear fit for mannan and xylan degradation was obtained at O-factor activation energies of 104 kJ/mol and 142 kJ/mol, respectively, and the formation of furfural and 5-HMF gave a good linear fit using an O-factor activation energy of 150 kJ/mol. The O-factor is thus a useful concept for analyzing organosolv pretreatment when the temperature during pretreatment is not constant.
Structure evolution, dielectric, and conductivity behavior of (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3-Bi(Zn2/3Nb1/3)O3 ceramics
Authors: Yan Tianxiang , Chen Kaiyuan , Li Chengqi , Liu Min , Wang Jie , Fang Liang , Liu Laijun 
Published: July 2021

Abstract(1−x)K0.5Na0.5NbO3−xBi(Zn2/3Nb1/3)O3 ((1−x)KNN−xBZN, x = 0.010, 0.015, 0.020, 0.025, and 0.030) lead-free ceramics were fabricated via a traditional solid-state method. The crystal structure, microstructure, dielectric, and conductivity behavior of this system were studied. Combined with X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, Rietveld refinement, and dielectric spectroscopy, an orthorhombic phase was determined for x = 0.010, an orthorhombic-tetragonal mixed phase was identified for x = 0.015, and a rhombohedral symmetry appears in 0.020 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.030. Both 0.98KNN−0.02BZN and 0.975KNN−0.025BZN ceramics exhibit stable permittivity and low dielectric loss tangent (tanδ) in wide temperature ranges owing to the combination of rhombohedral-tetragonal step-like feature and the diffuse phase transition from tetragonal to cubic. The activation energies of dielectric relaxation and conductivity behavior at high temperatures initially decrease slightly, then drop sharply, and finally decline slowly, which could be attributed to microstructure morphologies and the concentration of oxygen vacancies.
On an invariant distance induced by the Szegő Kernel
Authors: Krantz Steven G. , Wójcicki Paweł M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this paper we introduce a new distance by means of the so-called Szegő kernel and examine some basic properties and its relationship with the so-called Skwarczyński distance. We also examine the relationship between this distance, and the so-called Bergman distance and Szegő distance.