bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cell structure formation in a two-dimensional density-based dislocation dynamics model
Authors: Wu Ronghai , Zaiser Michael 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCellular patterns formed by self-organization of dislocations are a most conspicuous feature of dislocation microstructure evolution during plastic deformation. To elucidate the physical mechanisms underlying dislocation cell structure formation, we use a minimal model for the evolution of dislocation densities under load. By considering only two slip systems in a plane strain setting, we arrive at a model which is amenable to analytical stability analysis and numerical simulation. We use this model to establish analytical stability criteria for cell structures to emerge, to investigate the dynamics of the patterning process and establish the mechanism of pattern wavelength selection. This analysis demonstrates an intimate relationship between hardening and cell structure formation, which appears as an almost inevitable corollary to dislocation dominated strain hardening. Specific mechanisms such as cross slip, by contrast, turn out to be incidental to the formation of cellular patterns.
Association of nasopharyngeal viruses and pathogenic bacteria in children and their parents with and without HIV
Authors: Khan Tila , Das Ranjan Saurav , Chaudhary Amrita , Chatterjee Jyotirmoy , Bhattacharya Sangeeta Das 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundBacteria and respiratory viruses co-occur in the nasopharynx, and their interactions may impact pathogenesis of invasive disease. Associations of viruses and bacteria in the nasopharynx may be affected by HIV.MethodsWe conducted a nested case-control study from a larger cohort study of banked nasopharyngeal swabs from families with and without HIV in West Bengal India, to look at the association of viruses and bacteria in the nasopharynx of parents and children when they are asymptomatic. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction for 4 bacteria and 21 respiratory viruses was run on 92 random nasopharyngeal swabs from children--49 from children living with HIV (CLH) and 43 from HIV uninfected children (HUC)-- and 77 swabs from their parents (44 parents of CLH and 33 parents of HUC).ResultsBacteria was found in 67% of children, viruses in 45%, and both in 27% of child samples.Staphylococcus aureus(53%) was the most common bacteria, followed byStreptococcus pneumoniae(pneumococcus) (37%) in children and parents (53, 20%). Regardless of HIV status, viruses were detected in higher numbers (44%) in children than their parents (30%) (p = 0.049), particularly rhinovirus (p = 0.02). Human rhinovirus was the most frequently found virus in both CLH and HUC. Children with adenovirus were at six times increased risk of also having pneumococcus (Odds ratio OR 6, 95% CI 1.12–31.9) regardless of HIV status. In addition, the presence of rhinovirus in children was associated with increased pneumococcal density (Regression coeff 4.5, 1.14–7.9). In CLH the presence of rhinovirus increased the risk of pneumococcal colonization by nearly sixteen times (OR 15.6, 1.66–146.4), and, pneumococcus andS. aureusdual colonization by nearly nine times (OR 8.7).ConclusionsChildren more frequently carried viruses regardless of HIV status. In CLH the presence of rhinovirus, the most frequently detected virus, significantly increased co-colonization with pneumococcus andS. aureus.
Responses of the predatory species, Coccinella undecimpunctata L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), to the volatiles from its prey, Aphis craccivora Koch. and Vicia faba plant
Authors: Fouad Hany Ahmed 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Plants after infestation emit specific volatiles, which can influence foraging behavior of insect predators of herbivores. This work aimed to evaluate the responses of the predatory species, Coccinella undecimpunctata L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), adults to volatiles emitted from its cowpea aphid prey, Aphis craccivora (Koch.), and from Vicia faba plant to improve the efficiency of searching for its prey. An olfactometer bioassay was used for this investigation.

Results
The results revealed that both male and female of C. undecimpunctata significantly used olfactory cues from infested plant + aphids, but the mated females exhibited a complete response (47.50%). The mated male was attracted to aphids (30.0%) more than other tested predatory types, indicating the capacity to exploit volatiles induced by aphids.

Conclusions
The results supported that C. undecimpunctata adult uses plant volatiles induced by A. craccivora infestation, which might act as reliable indicators to find its prey.
Exploring the heterogeneity of factors that may influence implementation of PrEP in family planning clinics: a latent profile analysis
Authors: Piper Kaitlin N. , Haardörfer Regine , Escoffery Cam , Sheth Anandi N. , Sales Jessica 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Title X-funded family planning clinics have been identified as optimal sites for delivery of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention. However, PrEP has not been widely integrated into family planning services, especially in the Southern US, and data suggest there may be significant implementation challenges in this setting. Because Title X clinics vary greatly in provider-, organizational-, and systems-level characteristics, there is likely variation in capacity to implement PrEP across clinics.

Methods
We conducted a survey from February to June 2018 among providers and administrators of non-PrEP-providing Title X-funded clinics across 18 southern states. Survey items were designed using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) to assess constructs relevant to PrEP implementation. To explore the heterogeneity of CFIR-related implementation determinants and identify distinct sub-groups of Title X clinics, a latent profile analysis was conducted using nine CFIR constructs: complexity, relative advantage, cost, attitudes, implementation climate, compatibility, leadership engagement, available resources, and cosmopolitanism. We then conducted a multi-level analysis (accounting for nesting of participants within clinics) to test whether group membership was associated with readiness for implementation of PrEP, controlling for key sociodemographic characteristics.

Results
Four hundred and fourteen healthcare providers/administrators from 227 non-PrEP-providing Title X clinics participated in the study. We identified six sub-groups of clinics that each had distinct patterns of PrEP implementation determinants. Clinic sub-groups included “Highest Capacity for Implementation”, “Favorable Conditions for Implementation”, “Mixed Implementation Context”, “Neutral Implementation Context”, “Incompatible Setting for Implementation”, and “Resource-Strained Setting”. Group membership was related to numerous provider-level (i.e., ability to prescribe medication) and clinic-level (i.e., provision of primary care) characteristics. In comparison to the “Neutral” group (which held neutral perceptions across the implementation determinants), the “Highest Capacity” and “Favorable Conditions” groups had significantly higher levels of implementation readiness, and the “Resource-Strained” group had a significantly lower level of implementation readiness.

Conclusions
Latent profile analyses can help researchers understand how implementation readiness varies across healthcare settings, promoting tailoring of implementation strategies to unique contexts.
A pharmacognostic approach for mitigating pancreatic cancer: emphasis on herbal extracts and phytoconstituents
Authors: Gupta Shruti , Kumar Atul , Tejavath Kiran Kumar 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Pancreatic cancer is studied as one of the most lethal cancers with currently no control of its lethality, mainly due to its late diagnosis and lack of foolproof treatment processes. Despite continuous efforts being made in looking for therapies to deal with cancer, it keeps on being a labyrinth for the researchers. Efforts like discovering new treatment options, repurposing existing drugs, are continuously made to deal with this cancer.

Main body
With the urge to get answers and the fact that nature has all roots of therapeutics, efforts are made in the direction of finding those answers for providing ministrations for pancreatic cancer from plant products. Plant products are used as treatment options either directly in the form of extracts or an alternative to them is individual phytochemicals that are either isolated from the plants or are commercially synthesized for various purposes. In this review, we put forward such pharmacognostic initiatives made in combating pancreatic cancer, focusing mainly on plant extracts and various phytochemicals; along with the mechanisms which they triggered to fulfill the need for cytotoxicity to pancreatic cancer cells (in vitro and in vivo).

Conclusion
This study will thus provide insights into new combination therapy that can be used and also give a clue on which plant product and phytoconstituent can be used in dealing with pancreatic cancer.

Graphical abstract
Lenvatinib in Patients With Advanced Grade 1/2 Pancreatic and Gastrointestinal Neuroendocrine Tumors: Results of the Phase II TALENT Trial (GETNE1509)
Authors: Capdevila Jaume , Fazio Nicola , Lopez Carlos , Teulé Alexandre , Valle Juan W. , Tafuto Salvatore , Custodio Ana , Reed Nicholas , Raderer Markus , Grande Enrique , Garcia-Carbonero Rocio , Jimenez-Fonseca Paula , Hernando Jorge , Bongiovanni Alberto , Spada Francesca , Alonso Vicente , Antonuzzo Lorenzo , Spallanzani Andrea , Berruti Alfredo , La Casta Adelaida , Sevilla Isabel , Kump Patrizia , Giuffrida Dario , Merino Xavier , Trejo Lorena , Gajate Pablo , Matos Ignacio , Lamarca Angela , Ibrahim Toni 
Published: May 2021

PURPOSEApproved systemic therapies for advanced gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) have shown limited capacity to reduce tumor burden and no antitumor activity after progression to targeted agents (TAs). We investigated the efficacy and safety of lenvatinib in patients with previously treated advanced GEP-NETs.PATIENTS AND METHODSThis was a multicenter, single-arm, open-label, phase II trial with two parallel cohorts (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02678780 ) involving 21 institutions in 4 European countries. Eligible patients had histologically confirmed advanced grade 1-2 pancreatic (panNET) or GI (GI-NET) NETs with documented tumor progression after treatment with a TA (panNET) or somatostatin analogs (GI-NET). Patients were treated with lenvatinib 24 mg once daily until disease progression or treatment intolerance. The primary end point was overall response rate by central radiology review. Secondary end points included progression-free survival, overall survival, duration of response, and safety.RESULTSBetween September 2015 and March 2017, a total of 111 patients were enrolled, with 55 (panNET) and 56 (GI-NET) patients in each cohort. The median follow-up was 23 months. The overall response rate was 29.9% (95% CI, 21.6 to 39.6): 44.2% (panNET) and 16.4% (GI-NET). The median (range) duration of response was 19.9 (8.4-30.8) and 33.9 (10.6-38.3) months in the panNET and GI-NET groups, respectively. The median progression-free survival was 15.7 months (95% CI, 14.1 to 19.5). The most common adverse events were fatigue, hypertension, and diarrhea; 93.7% of patients required dose reductions or interruptions.CONCLUSIONWe report the highest centrally confirmed response reported to date with a multikinase inhibitor in advanced GEP-NETs, with a particularly strong response in the panNET cohort. This study provides novel evidence for the efficacy of lenvatinib in patients with disease progression following treatment with other TAs, suggesting the potential value of lenvatinib in the treatment of advanced GEP-NETs.
Uncemented total hip arthroplasty can be used safely in the elderly population
Authors: Lewis Peter M. , Khan Faiz J. , Feathers Jacob R. , Lewis Michael H. , Morris Keith H. , Waddell James P. 
Published: May 2021

Aims “Get It Right First Time” (GIRFT) and NHS England’s Best Practice Tariff (BPT) have published directives advising that patients over the ages of 65 (GIRFT) and 69 years (BPT) receiving total hip arthroplasty (THA) should receive cemented implants and have brought in financial penalties if this policy is not observed. Despite this, worldwide, uncemented component use has increased, a situation described as a ‘paradox’. GIRFT and BPT do, however, acknowledge more data are required to support this edict with current policies based on the National Joint Registry survivorship and implant costs. Methods This study compares THA outcomes for over 1,000 uncemented Corail/Pinnacle constructs used in all age groups/patient frailty, under one surgeon, with identical pre- and postoperative pathways over a nine-year period with mean follow-up of five years and two months (range: nine months to nine years and nine months). Implant information, survivorship, and regular postoperative Oxford Hip Scores (OHS) were collected and two comparisons undertaken: a comparison of those aged over 65 years with those 65 and under and a second comparison of those aged 70 years and over with those aged under 70. Results Overall revision rate was 1.3% (13/1,004). A greater number of revisions were undertaken in those aged over 65 years, but numbers were small and did not reach significance. The majority of revisions were implant-independent. Single component analysis revealed a 99.9% and 99.6% survival for the uncemented cup and femoral component, respectively. Mean patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) improvement for all ages outperformed the national PROMs and a significantly greater proportion of those aged over 65/69 years reached and maintained a meaningful improvement in their OHS earlier than their younger counterparts (p < 0.05/0.01 respectively). Conclusion This study confirms that this uncemented THA system can be used safely and effectively in patient groups aged over 65 years and those over 69 years, with low complication and revision rates. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2021;2(5):293–300.
The licensing of surgeons by RCS England and its predecessors (extended online version)
Authors: Bolwell JS 
Published: May 2021

This article appeared in the print version of this issue in a shortened form, which can be found in Bulletin May 2021, Volume 103, Issue 3, pp 144–148. DOI: 10.1308/rcsbull.2021.60. Preserved records suggest that the first licences to practise surgery in England and Wales were issued by craft guilds from the 14th century and probably earlier. A brief chronicle is presented of the training, examining, qualifying and licensing of surgeons by The Royal College of Surgeons of England and its direct predecessors, now a part of history. The context in which these organisations were founded and evolved is outlined along a timeline of almost 700 years. The landmark Medical Acts of 1858 and 1886 are briefly reviewed. Mention is also made of the abolition of the two non-university qualifying examinations that were still being offered in England at the end of the 20th century and of the sale of both jointly owned Examination Halls.
How active are UK-based doctors?
Authors: Crane E , Schaller G , Bergström M , Leivadiotou D , Simpson A 
Published: May 2021

Introduction It is widely accepted that physical activity is beneficial to both physical and mental health. This study looked at current activity levels of UK doctors outside the workplace and how this compared with the general population. Methods An online anonymous cross-sectional survey was circulated to UK-based doctors. Four questions regarding self-reported physical activity levels were used to generate a score, which placed respondents into ‘active’ and ‘inactive’ categories, with those in the former group not meeting the current UK guidelines for minimum levels of activity. Results A total of 245 doctors responded to the survey. Just under half (42%) of doctors did not meet the UK guidelines for physical activity; this did not differ significantly from the activity levels of the general population (p>0.05). Those working in anaesthetics and intensive care had the highest levels of active respondents (69%). When the respondents’ activity levels were compared with those of the general population within the same age group, doctors aged 25–34 years were significantly less active (p<0.001). Conclusions A national unified approach to increasing the activity levels of UK doctors should be implemented to improve their physical and mental wellbeing. Making this possible will include addressing barriers such as shift work patterns, education and the resources available.
The British Mosque: An Architectural and Social History, Shahed Saleem (2018)
Authors: Bartsch Katharine 
Published: May 2021

Review of: The British Mosque: An Architectural and Social History, Shahed Saleem (2018)
Swindon: Historic England, 304 pp., 350 colour illus., ISBN: 9781848020764 (hardback), £60
EVOLUÇÕES DO CONSTITUCIONALISMO CONTEMPORÂNEO: A EXPERIÊNCIA DE ELABORAÇÃO DO PROJETO DE CONSTITUIÇÃO ISLANDESA DE 2011
Authors: Petters Melo Milena , Burckhart Thiago 
Published: May 2021

RESUMOA crise econômica mundial de 2008, que atingiu diretamente a Islândia, impulsionou o aprofundamento da experiência democrática naquele país através da elaboração de um novo projeto de Constituição. Esta experiência contém duas inovações fundamentais: o projeto de Constituição foi escrito mediante crowdsourcing, além da Assembleia Constituinte ter operado em paralelo com a legislatura regular. Tomando isso em consideração, este artigo objetiva analisar descritivamente, partindo da teoria da constituição e da teoria política e utilizando o método dialógico na observação do direito constitucional como uma ciência de textos e contextos, o contexto de elaboração deste projeto, destacando suas peculiaridades, e dimensionando os motivos do seu insucesso de aprovação. Como conclusão são propostas algumas reflexões críticas sobre as potencialidades e os limites da singular experiência islandesa que, contudo, se relacionam com grandes questões que se colocam para o constitucionalismo hodierno, especialmente no que tange à relação entre constitucionalismo e democracia.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Projeto de Constituição Islandesa de 2011; Constitucionalismo contemporâneo; Crowdsourcing; Democracia; Crise econômica mundial.ABSTRACT The 2008 global economic crisis, which directly hit Iceland, improved the deepening of the democratic experience in that country through the elaboration of a new constitution project. This experience brings up two fundamental innovations: the Constitution project was written through crowdsourcing, and also the Constituent Assembly operated in parallel with the regular legislature. Taking this in consideration, this article aims to analyze descriptively, starting from constitutional and political theory and using the dialogical method in the observation of constitutional law as a science of texts and contexts, the context of elaboration of this project, highlighting its peculiarities, and dimensioning the reasons for its failure of approval. As a conclusion, some critical reflections are proposed on the potential and limits of this unique experience, which, however, are related to major issues that arise for today's constitutionalism, especially regarding to the relationship between constitutionalism and democracy.KEY WORDS: 2011 Iceland’s constitutional project; Contemporary constitutionalism; crowdsourcing; Democracy; World’s financial crisis.
IRUPÉ: SITIO WEB DE IMÁGENES DE LA FLORA NATIVA DE ARGENTINA ASOCIADO AL HERBARIO SF
Authors: PAYE I. A. , PENSIERO J. F. , GRENÓN D. A. , EXNER E. 
Published: May 2021

Se presenta un sitio web de una base de datos que permite la consulta de más de 32.000 imágenes relacionadas con la vegetación y flora nativa de Argentina. Las imágenes ilustran características de hábitat, hábito y detalles morfológicos de 2.250 especies, y relaciona 8.000 nombres vulgares con 4.187 nombres científicos de la flora de Argentina. La mayoría de las imágenes correspondientes a las especies están relacionadas con ejemplares de referencia depositados en el Herbario “Arturo E. Ragonese” (SF). La base de datos permite diferentes criterios de búsquedas: por nombre científico, nombre vulgar y ecorregión, entre otras.
FLORA LEÑOSA DE LA PROVINCIA DE SANTA FE (ARGENTINA), RECONOCIMIENTO POR SUS CARACTERES VEGETATIVOS
Authors: PENSIERO J. F. 
Published: May 2021

Se presenta una clave dicotómica que permite el reconocimiento de 144 taxones de la flora leñosa de la provincia de Santa Fe a través de sus caracteres vegetativos. Para cada taxón tratado se incluye su familia botánica, nombre vernáculo más común, hábito de crecimiento, estatus geográfico, los departamentos de la provincia donde ha sido colectado y un ejemplar de referencia.
DIAGNÓSTICO TÉCNICO-ECONÓMICO Y PROPUESTA A NIVEL PREDIAL PARA DOS PRODUCTORES GANADEROS FAMILIARES DEL TERRITORIO NORTE DE SANTA FE, ARGENTINA
Authors: ROSSLER N. , ZABALA J. M. , MODESTO M. F. , LÓPEZ CUESTA S. , FORNI M. A. 
Published: May 2021

El objetivo del trabajo fue realizar un diagnóstico de dos pequeñas explotaciones ganaderas del norte de la provincia de Santa Fe y proponer y evaluar una estrategia de intervención utilizando la metodología de casos de estudio.
Los sistemas de producción familiares analizados son vulnerables porque los bajos ingresos percibidos ponen en riesgo su existencia al no permitir retribuir la mano de obra familiar y asalariada y el cumplimiento de obligaciones ﬁnancieras.
La propuesta consiste en incorporar una leguminosa subtropical, doble propósito, que puede incrementar el valor bruto de la producción por la venta de las semillas y por la mejora en la productividad ganadera.
Global attractors for a class of semilinear degenerate parabolic equations
Authors: Zhu Kaixuan , Xie Yongqin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we consider the long-time behavior for a class of semi-linear degenerate parabolic equations with the nonlinearity

f

f

satisfying the polynomial growth of arbitrary

p
−
1

p-1

order. We establish some new estimates, i.e., asymptotic higher-order integrability for the difference of the solutions near the initial time. As an application, we obtain the

(

L

2

(

Ω

)

,

L

p

(

Ω

)

)

\left({L}^{2}\left(\Omega ),{L}^{p}\left(\Omega ))

-global attractors immediately; moreover, such an attractor can attract every bounded subset of

L

2

(

Ω

)

{L}^{2}\left(\Omega )

with the

L

p
+
δ

{L}^{p+\delta }

-norm for any

δ
∈

[

0
,
+
∞

)

\delta \in \left[0,+\infty )

.
Multi-dimensional (ω, c)-almost periodic type functions and applications
Authors: Kostić M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we analyze various classes of multi-dimensional (ω, c)-almost periodic type functions with values in complex Banach spaces. The main structural properties and characterizations for the introduced classes of functions are presented. We provide certain applications of our abstract theoretical results to the abstract Volterra integro-differential equations, as well.