bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Keeping Up or Giving Up? Income Inequality and Materialism in Europe and the United States
Authors: Rözer Jesper , Lancee Bram , Volker Beate 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe examine the extent to which income inequality is associated with materialistic values and behavior in Europe and the United States (US). In the US, existing research on materialistic behavior is largely focused on the study of shopping behavior and shows that, when income inequality is higher, individuals search for and buy products that are more luxury. In Europe, the evidence for this phenomenon is mainly based on survey questions on people’s values, and results are mixed. To determine whether these conflicting findings are rooted in methodology or reflect structural differences between the situation of Americans and Europeans, we measure materialistic behavior and values in both the US and Europe. Different types of data are used to test our arguments. In study 1, we use information on materialistic values from the European Social Survey (ESS) and the World Values Survey (WVS) to study the relationship between income inequality and materialistic values, examining the same research question in the contexts of Europe and the United States. In study 2, we use information from Google Trends to examine the relationship between income inequality and internet searching behavior both in Europe and in the United States. Hybrid multilevel models analyzing the variation in these relationships both over time and across regions show that in Europe as well as in the US, income inequality is not associated with materialistic values. However, in the US, materialistic behavior is greatly enhanced when income inequality is high. In contrast, in Europe, increasing income inequality is associated with decreasing materialistic behavior.
Mitigating Cutting-Induced Plasticity Errors in the Determination of Residual Stress at Cold Expanded Holes Using the Contour Method
Authors: Kim H. K. , Carlson S. S. , Stanfield M. L. , Paddea S. , Hosseinzadeh F. , Bouchard P. J. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
The split sleeve cold expansion process is widely used to improve the fatigue life of fastener holes in the civil and military aircraft industry. The process introduces beneficial compressive residual stresses around the processed hole, but uncertainties remain about the character of the stress field immediately adjacent to the bore of the hole.

Objective
The primary objective of this study was to implement the contour method with minimising error associated with cutting-induced plasticity to provide detailed and reliable characterisation of the residual stress introduced by the split sleeve cold expansion process.

Methods
A systematic FE study of plasticity effects by simulating different contour cutting strategies (a single cut, two sequential cuts and a 6-cut sequence) for a cold expanded hole in an aluminium alloy coupon was conducted. The identified ‘optimum’ cutting strategy was then applied experimentally on coupons containing a hole that had been processed to 3.16% applied expansion.

Results
The FE study of different cutting simulations show that the locations of the stress error is consistent with the location where cutting-induced plasticity accumulated and that the magnitude and locations of stress re-distribution plasticity can be controlled by an optimised cutting strategy. In order to validate this hypothesis a high quality contour measurement was performed, showing that accurate near bore stress results can be achieved by the proposed 6-cut approach that controls cutting induced plasticity.

Conclusions
The present work has demonstrated that detailed FE simulation analysis can be a very effective tool in supporting the development of an optimum cutting sequence and in making correct choices of boundary conditions. Through optimizing these key aspects of the cutting sequence one is much more likely to have a successful, low error contour residual stress result.
Revolutionäre Subjektivität. Max Weber und die Frage der ethischen Rechtfertigung von Gewalt
Authors: Emmenegger Camilla 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungObwohl Max Weber keine systematischen Betrachtungen über gesellschaftliche revolutionäre Umbrüche hinterlassen hat, zeigte er ein starkes Interesse an den revolutionären Ereignissen, deren Zeitzeuge er wurde, und den daran beteiligten Akteuren. Der Beitrag geht Webers Auseinandersetzung mit den ethisch-revolutionären Haltungen und Handlungen von vier seiner Zeitgenossen nach, mit denen er zum Teil in persönlichem Kontakt stand: Robert Michels, Ernst Frick, Ernst Toller und Karl Liebknecht. Insbesondere in seinen brieflichen, aber auch in einer Reihe von öffentlichen Äußerungen zu diesen Personen reflektiert Weber die unterschiedlichen Kombinationen von ethischem Radikalismus und Gewaltsamkeit und deren (In)Kohärenzen. Obwohl sie eine bessere Welt schaffen wollen, verstricken sich die revolutionären Akteure seiner Einschätzung nach zwangsläufig in die Aporien und Dilemmata der von ihnen vertretenen Extrempositionen einer Gesinnungsethik einerseits und einer Erfolgsethik andererseits. Nicht zuletzt diese Auseinandersetzung führt Weber schließlich in seinem berühmten Vortrag Politik als Beruf zur eigenen, vermittelnden Position der Verantwortungsethik, in der er das Verhältnis von Ethik, Politik und Gewalt neu ausbuchstabiert.
A comparison of two mail-based strategies to recruit older cancer survivors into a randomized controlled trial of a lifestyle intervention
Authors: Warnock Amelia C. , Kaur Harleen , Buckman J. Ryan , Hoenemeyer Teri , Demark-Wahnefried Wendy 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To compare response rates to business letter versus greeting card invitations used to recruit older cancer survivors to a randomized controlled clinical trial of a lifestyle intervention

Methods
Capitalizing upon recruitment efforts for a lifestyle intervention trial among older cancer survivors, we explored response rates to study invitations formatted as greeting cards versus standard business letters. Survivors were identified from cancer registries and medical records and randomly assigned with strata defined by gender and racial/ethnicity to one-of-the-two invitations. Both groups received telephone follow-up.

Results
Contact was verified among 708 survivors with an average age of 72 years with most being non-Hispanic White (NHW), urban dwelling, and female. Survivors assigned to the business letter (n = 360) as compared to the greeting card (n = 348) were significantly more likely to express interest in participation (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.11–2.70). With the exception of racial/ethnic minorities (OR 0.73; 95% CI 0.26–2.11), all other subgroups favored the business letter with significance observed in females (OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.00–2.74), NHWs (OR 2.12; 95% CI 1.29–3.49), and rural dwellers (OR 3.61; 95% CI 1.49–8.76). Moreover, the business letter costs were substantially lower than the card.

Conclusion
Clinical trial recruitment is significantly more effective if solicitations are formatted as standard business letters as compared to greeting cards, though this may not generalize to racial/ethnic minorities where more research is warranted.

Implications for Cancer Survivors
These study findings are not only valuable to researchers but also have the potential to improve recruitment and engagement of older cancer survivors in clinical trials.

Clinical Trial Registration
Harvest for Health for in Older Cancer Survivors, ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02985411
Ethical Considerations Associated with “Humanitarian Drones”: A Scoping Literature Review
Authors: Wang Ning , Christen Markus , Hunt Matthew 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe use of drones (or unmanned aerial vehicles, UVAs) in humanitarian action has emerged rapidly in the last decade and continues to expand. These so-called ‘humanitarian drones’ represent the first wave of robotics applied in the humanitarian and development contexts, providing critical information through mapping of crisis-affected areas and timely delivery of aid supplies to populations in need. Alongside these emergent uses of drones in the aid sector, debates have arisen about potential risks and challenges, presenting diverse perspectives on the ethical, legal, and social implications of humanitarian drones. Guided by the methodology introduced by Arksey and O’Malley, this scoping review offers an assessment of the ethical considerations discussed in the academic and gray literature based on a screening of 1,188 articles, from which we selected and analyzed 47 articles. In particular, we used a hybrid approach of qualitative content analysis, along with quantitative landscape mapping, to inductively develop a typology of ethical considerations associated with humanitarian drones. The results yielded 11 key areas of concern: (1) minimizing harm, (2) maximizing welfare, (3) substantive justice, (4) procedural justice, (5) respect for individuals, (6) respect for communities, (7) regulatory gaps, (8) regulatory dysfunction, (9) perceptions of humanitarian aid and organizations, (10) relations between humanitarian organizations and industry, and (11) the identity of humanitarian aid providers and organizations. Our findings illuminate topics that have been the focus of extensive attention (such as minimizing risks of harm and protecting privacy), traces the evolution of this discussion over time (i.e., an initial focus on mapping drones and the distinction of humanitarian from military use, toward the ethics of cargo drones carrying healthcare supplies and samples), and points to areas that have received less consideration (e.g., whether sustainability and shared benefits will be compromised if private companies’ interest in humanitarian drones wanes once new markets open up). The review can thus help to situate and guide further analysis of drone use in humanitarian settings.
The global trends and regional differences in incidence and mortality of hepatitis A from 1990 to 2019 and implications for its prevention
Authors: Cao Guiying , Jing Wenzhan , Liu Jue , Liu Min 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background and purpose
Despite decades of improved sanitation and hygiene measures and vaccine introduction, hepatitis A has been spread through numerous outbreaks globally. We used data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study to quantify hepatitis A burden at the global, regional and national levels.

Methods
Annual incident cases, deaths, age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs), and age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) of hepatitis A between 1990 and 2019 were derived from the GBD study 2019. Percentage changes of cases and deaths, and estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) of ASIRs and ASMRs were calculated to quantify their temporal trends.

Results
Global hepatitis A incident cases increased by 13.90% from 139.54 million in 1990 to 158.94 million in 2019. ASIR of hepatitis A remained stable (EAPC = 0.00, 95% CI −0.01 to 0.01), whereas ASMR decreased (EAPC = −4.63, 95% CI −4.94 to −4.32) between 1990 and 2019. ASIR increased in low (EAPC = 0.09, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.14) and low-middle (EAPC = 0.04, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.06) socio-demographic index (SDI) regions. For GBD regions, the most significant increases of ASIR were detected in high-income Asia Pacific (EAPC = 0.53, 95% CI 0.41 to 0.66), Oceania (EAPC = 0.31, 95% CI 0.25 to 0.36), and Australasia (EAPC = 0.28, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.44). EAPC of ASIR was positively associated with SDI value in countries and territories with SDI value ≥ 0.7 (ρ = −0.310, p < 0.001).

Conclusion
There is an unfavorable trend that hepatitis A is still pending in hyperendemic regions and is emerging in low endemic regions. These highlight the need of targeted and specific strategies to eliminate hepatitis A, such as sanitation measures and a comprehensive plan for surveillance and vaccination against hepatitis A.
Targeted Sequencing Identifies the Genetic Variants Associated with High-altitude Polycythemia in the Tibetan Population
Authors: Zhang Zhiying , Ma Lifeng , Fan Xiaowei , Wang Kun , Liu Lijun , Zhao Yiduo , Zhao ZhiPeng , Zhang Han , Liang Tian , Dong Wenxue , Cai Peng , Li Yansong , Li Jing , Zhou Songhua , Kang Longli 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHigh-altitude polycythemia (HAPC) is characterized by excessive proliferation of erythrocytes, resulting from the hypobaric hypoxia condition in high altitude. The genetic variants and molecular mechanisms of HAPC remain unclear in highlanders. We recruited 141 Tibetan dwellers, including 70 HAPC patients and 71 healthy controls, to detect the possible genetic variants associated with the disease; and performed targeted sequencing on 529 genes associated with the oxygen metabolism and erythrocyte regulation, utilized unconditional logistic regression analysis and GO (gene ontology) analysis to investigate the genetic variations of HAPC. We identified 12 single nucleotide variants, harbored in 12 genes, associated with the risk of HAPC (4.7 ≤ odd ratios ≤ 13.6; 7.6E − 08 ≤ p-value ≤ 1E − 04). The pathway enrichment study of these genes indicated the three pathways, the PI3K-AKT pathway, JAK-STAT pathway, and HIF-1 pathway, are essential, which p-values as 3.70E − 08, 1.28 E − 07, and 3.98 E − 06, respectively. We are hopeful that our results will provide a reference for the etiology research of HAPC. However, additional genetic risk factors and functional investigations are necessary to confirm our results further.
Aging 4.0? Rethinking the ethical framing of technology-assisted eldercare
Authors: Schicktanz Silke , Schweda Mark 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTechnological approaches are increasingly discussed as a solution for the provision of support in activities of daily living as well as in medical and nursing care for older people. The development and implementation of such assistive technologies for eldercare raise manifold ethical, legal, and social questions. The discussion of these questions is influenced by theoretical perspectives and approaches from medical and nursing ethics, especially the principlist framework of autonomy, non-maleficence, beneficence, and justice. Tying in with previous criticism, the present contribution is taking these principles as a starting point and as a frame of reference to be critically re-examined. It thus aims to outline how existing ethical frameworks need to be extended or reconsidered to capture the ethical issues posed by technological developments regarding care for older people. In a first step, we provide a brief overview of assistive technologies in eldercare according to their purposes and functions. In the next step, we discuss how the questions and problems raised by new technologies in eldercare call for an expansion, re-interpretation, and revision of the principlist framework. We underline that the inclusion of ethical perspectives from engineering and computer science as well as a closer consideration of socio-political dimensions and fundamental anthropological and praxeological questions are needed.
Fully Printed High-Performance n-Type Metal Oxide Thin-Film Transistors Utilizing Coffee-Ring Effect
Authors: Liang Kun , Li Dingwei , Ren Huihui , Zhao Momo , Wang Hong , Ding Mengfan , Xu Guangwei , Zhao Xiaolong , Long Shibing , Zhu Siyuan , Sheng Pei , Li Wenbin , Lin Xiao , Zhu Bowen 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMetal oxide thin-films transistors (TFTs) produced from solution-based printing techniques can lead to large-area electronics with low cost. However, the performance of current printed devices is inferior to those from vacuum-based methods due to poor film uniformity induced by the “coffee-ring” effect. Here, we report a novel approach to print high-performance indium tin oxide (ITO)-based TFTs and logic inverters by taking advantage of such notorious effect. ITO has high electrical conductivity and is generally used as an electrode material. However, by reducing the film thickness down to nanometers scale, the carrier concentration of ITO can be effectively reduced to enable new applications as active channels in transistors. The ultrathin (~10-nm-thick) ITO film in the center of the coffee-ring worked as semiconducting channels, while the thick ITO ridges (>18-nm-thick) served as the contact electrodes. The fully inkjet-printed ITO TFTs exhibited a high saturation mobility of 34.9 cm2 V−1 s−1 and a low subthreshold swing of 105 mV dec−1. In addition, the devices exhibited excellent electrical stability under positive bias illumination stress (PBIS, ΔVth = 0.31 V) and negative bias illuminaiton stress (NBIS, ΔVth = −0.29 V) after 10,000 s voltage bias tests. More remarkably, fully printed n-type metal–oxide–semiconductor (NMOS) inverter based on ITO TFTs exhibited an extremely high gain of 181 at a low-supply voltage of 3 V, promising for advanced electronics applications.
Early Determination of Case Fatality Rate of Covid-19 Pandemic During the Ongoing Yemeni Armed Conflict
Authors: Ghouth Abdulla Salem Bin , Al-Waleedi Ali Ahmed , Fahriani Marhami , Nainu Firzan , Harapan Harapan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectives:To determine the case-fatality rate (CFR) of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) and its associated determinants in order to understand the true magnitude of the problem during the ongoing conflict in Yemen.Methods:The CFR among the confirmed Covid-19 cases in Yemen was calculated. The data was retrieved from national Covid-19 surveillance between April 10, when the first COVID-19 case reported, and May 31, 2020.Results:A total of 419 confirmed Covid-19 cases were reported. There were 14.1% and 5.7% of cases who required intensive care and mechanical ventilators, respectively. Out of the total cases, 95 deaths were reported, giving a CFR of 22.6% which is much higher compared to other countries. CFR was significantly higher among elderly people compared to young adults and varied between governorates. Mortality was associated with pre-existing hypertension (OR: 2.30; 95% CI: 1.58, 3.54) and diabetes (OR: 1.68; 95% CI: 1.08, 2.61).Conclusions:The elderly and those with comorbidities, in particular hypertension and diabetes, have higher risk for poor outcomes and therefore should receive more attention in the clinical setting. Preventive measures should also be prioritized to protect those groups in order to reduce the severe cases and deaths-associated COVID-19 in armed-conflict.
How Do Populist Radical Right Parties Differentiate their Appeal? Evidence from the Media Strategy of the Hungarian Jobbik Party
Authors: Borbáth Endre , Gessler Theresa 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAs they become more successful, populist radical right parties face a tension between keeping their nativist credentials and moderating their appeal to gain new voters. We argue that differentiating party messages to core supporters and the wider electorate allows parties to pursue both goals. We outline and empirically illustrate the previously underexplored phenomenon of selective messaging based on the communication strategy of the Hungarian Jobbik party throughout its lifespan (2006–19) in partisan outlets, press releases and Facebook. Using a dictionary approach, we map the co-evolution of populist and nativist mobilization under conditions of supply- and demand-side changes. Our results show the decline and transformation of Jobbik's nativist appeal, and an increasing reliance on populism. The trend is not uniform; Jobbik relies on nativism as a function of targeting party identifiers or the general electorate in specific media outlets. Our findings show the importance of mapping parties’ programmatic appeal across platforms and over time.
Populists in Government: Normal or Exceptional?
Authors: Askim Jostein , Karlsen Rune , Kolltveit Kristoffer 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHow is government affected by including populists in a governing coalition? We investigate if populist political parties behave ‘normally’ when they attain power, or if they govern differently from mainstream political parties. Empirically, we use survey data from 282 ministerial advisers from three cabinets in Norway. Our conclusion is that populists govern normally on some governance dimensions and exceptionally on others. Populists in office had ample professional experience, adhered to collegial decision making and thought the bureaucracy delivered quality and was politically responsive – on a par with the non-populists. However, populists differed from non-populist politicians in their contact patterns and their communicative concerns. That populists in this context belong to a party with a long history of parliamentary representation (Norway's Progress Party) suggests elements of exceptionalism are things one should expect to find in practically all populist parties that attain power.
STUCK AT A CROSSROAD? SUBSTANTIVE LEGITIMATE EXPECTATIONS IN ENGLISH LAW
Authors: Young Alison L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn “The Provenance and Protection of Legitimate Expectations” Forsyth argued that English law should protect substantive legitimate expectations. However, he was concerned that too great an expansion of legitimate expectations could lead to incoherence and intuitive decision-making. I argue that recent case law, and Forsyth's analysis, have clarified some of these inconsistencies. Nevertheless, the doctrine of legitimate expectations stands at a crossroads. Should it adopt a rules-based approach and narrow legitimate expectations, or a principled approach that embraces a broader conception? I argue that English law needs both for legitimate expectations effectively to balance legal certainty and substantive equality.
Calendar and Dates in Jubilees’ Garden of Eden Story
Authors: Ray Walter D. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCalendar dates in Jubilees’ Garden of Eden story have led some to question the nature of the book’s presupposed calendar and others to conclude that the passage is redacted. Close reading of the text shows that the passage was carefully constructed and the work of one author who took pains not to jeopardize the calendar promoted elsewhere in the book. Confusion arises when scholars subordinate the calendar to the book’s chronological system; they should be kept distinct. The author uses the recurrence of calendar dates to connect events to each other typologically and to an underlying narrative pattern, which, like the calendar, is founded on the annual cycle of agricultural labor.
An obstacle avoidance algorithm for space hyper-redundant manipulators using combination of RRT and shape control method
Authors: Zhang Xiaobo , Liu Jinguo , Li Yangmin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper proposes a kinematic obstacle avoidance algorithm for Space hyper-redundant manipulators, and its basic idea is to use a static and a dynamic curve to constrain the macroshape of the manipulators simultaneously. The static curve is constructed based on a traditional rapidly exploring random tree algorithm, and a backbone curve is utilized as the dynamic curve. For these two curves, two novel shape control methods are proposed to accomplish the shape constraining process. Finally, we verify the reliability and effectiveness of our algorithm through simulations.