bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A chromosome-length genome assembly for the Pismo clam, Tivela stultorum, a long-lived bivalve species severely impacted by overfishing
Authors: Emery Kyle A , DeBiasse Melissa B , Escalona Merly , Marimuthu Mohan P A , Nguyen Oanh H , Fairbairn Colin W , Seligmann William , Miller Courtney , Schooler Nicholas K , Hubbard David M , Dugan Jenifer E , Dawson Michael N 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The Pismo clam, Tivela stultorum, is an ecologically and economically important species that inhabiting sandy beaches and subtidal zones in central and southern California, USA, and northern Baja California, Mexico. This long lived venerid clam species is of great management, cultural and conservation interest in California where it was harvested for centuries by indigenous people and then nearly extirpated by intense commercial and recreational overfishing in the mid 1900’s. A recreational fishery continues today in California, however T. stultorum faces pressure from poaching, overharvest, and the loss of sandy beaches from rising sea levels and beach erosion. Understanding the susceptibility and resilience of Pismo clams to these pressures is essential for their conservation. We used Pacific Biosciences HiFi long sequencing reads and Dovetail Omni-C proximity reads to assemble a highly contiguous genome of 763 Mb. The genome had a contig N50 of 13 Mb and a scaffold N50 of 38 Mb with a BUSCO completeness score of 95%. Most of the genome sequences (96%) were contained in 19 scaffolds at least 10MB long, consistent with prior evidence that venerid clam genomes are composed of 19 autosomes. This reference genome will enable a more complete understanding of the ecology and evolutionary dynamics of T. stultorum via population genomic analyses, which will help assess risks from climate, fishing, environmental change, and susceptibilities due to life history. Our goal is to better support the continued recovery, informed management and conservation, and future persistence of T. stultorum, a long lived and highly valued clam species.
Bad faith in EU trade mark law: the impact of SkyKick post-Brexit
Authors: Sanseverino Giuseppe 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This article explores the evolving concept of bad faith in EU trade mark law, particularly in light of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU’s) judgment in SkyKick. The concept, rooted in ethical and commercial fairness, has been clarified through pivotal cases, including Lindt, Koton, and—as mentioned—SkyKick. These judgments highlight how overly broad trade mark registrations can serve as anti-competitive tools, undermining fair market practices. The UK Supreme Court’s alignment with CJEU jurisprudence post-Brexit underscores a commitment to a nuanced analysis balancing trade mark protection, honest commercial practices and market integrity. The findings provide a robust framework for addressing trade mark abuses while fostering fair competition.
Local content requirements in Asia’s Just Energy Transition: Neutralizing tensions with international economic law
Authors: Hug Francine 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Just Energy Transition Partnerships (JETPs) encourage coal-dependent emerging economies to phase out coal and transition to renewable energy. However, JETPs face significant obstacles, creating tensions with international economic law. Local content requirements (LCRs) represent a particularly problematic regulatory barrier to energy transitions. This article thus examines whether international economic law expedites or obstructs Asia’s energy transition, and whether LCRs are incompatible with international economic law. To answer these questions, this article juxtaposes LCR provisions in JETPs and domestic regulations in two case studies: Indonesia and Vietnam. It then contextualizes LCR costs and benefits before examining tensions with international economic law and potential state defences justifying LCRs. It culminates in suggesting how LCRs could be designed to neutralize such tensions. This article argues that international economic law complements, rather than collides with, energy transition goals and that LCRs are not anathema to international economic law, as long as they are designed and implemented in a non-discriminatory manner.
Ultra relativistic charged particle dynamics in Jupiter’s radiation belts
Authors: Srivastava Ayushi , Kakad Bharati , Kakad Amar 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Jupiter possesses the most hazardous radiation belt in the solar system, which contains ultra-relativistic protons (∼100 GeV), electrons (∼100 MeV), and heavier ions like O+, O++, S+, S++, S++ + (∼100 MeV) etc. Based on the energies and locations of the charged particles, and the strength of local magnetic field, they either get lost or remain trapped in Jupiter’s magnetosphere. The trapped charged particles are expected to gyrate, bounce and drift under the influence of a magnetic field. However, owing to their higher energies, these charged particles can exhibit non-adiabatic behavior. Many theoretical and simulation models often use the gyro-center approximation to study charged particle dynamics in various plasma environments. However, under non-adiabatic condition the applicability of such models is questionable. In this context, we have performed three-dimensional relativistic test particle simulations to examine behavior of the charged particles in the Jupiter’s inner radiation belt. In this paper, we provide a parameter (rL = γm0v⊥/qB) to distinguish the adiabatic and non-adiabatic nature of the energetic charged particles. It is found that when rL exceeds 1000 km, the charged particles follow non-adiabatic behavior. This new proxy is useful for predicting the adiabatic and non-adiabatic regime of the trapped charged particles, leading to a better understanding of Jupiter’s radiation belts.
SALT OVERLY SENSITIVE2 and AMMONIUM TRANSPORTER1;1 contribute to plant salt tolerance by maintaining ammonium uptake
Authors: Ma Liang , Qin De-Bin , Sun Liping , Zhang Kaina , Yu Xiang , Dang An-Kai , Hou Shengfan , Zhao Xiaoyun , Yang Yongqing , Wang Yang , Chen Yuhang , Guo Yan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Soil salinity is a severe threat to agriculture and plant growth. Under high salinity conditions, ammonium (NH4+) is the predominant inorganic nitrogen source used by plants due to limited nitrification. However, how ammonium shapes the plant response to salt stress remains a mystery. Here, we demonstrate that the growth of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seedlings is less sensitive to salt stress when provided with ammonium instead of nitrate (NO3−), a response that is mediated by ammonium transporters (AMTs). We further show that the kinase SALT OVERLY SENSITIVE2 (SOS2) physically interacts with and activates AMT1;1 by directly phosphorylating the nonconserved serine residue Ser-450 in the C-terminal region. In agreement with the involvement of SOS2, ammonium uptake was lower in sos2 mutants grown under salt stress relative to the wild type. Moreover, AMT-mediated ammonium uptake enhanced salt-induced SOS2 kinase activity. Together, our study demonstrates that SOS2 activates AMT1;1 to fine-tune and maintain ammonium uptake and optimize the plant salt stress response.
Theoretical study of mismatch-induced halo formation from an intense hadron bunch in a uniform focusing channel
Authors: Kato Kimihiro , Okamoto Hiromi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
A basic mechanism of halo formation in high-intensity hadron accelerators is explored theoretically. As a possible origin of halos, we focus on deviation of an initial bunch size from its ideal dimensions, in other words, spatial mismatch of the bunch shape to an accelerator lattice. Such an error is unavoidable in any machines and thus needs to be considered carefully. Assuming an axisymmetric uniform beam-focusing potential, we calculate the transverse and longitudinal wavenumbers of linear collective modes from the three-dimensional envelope equations. The obtained analytical formulas are found to explain the power spectra derived from self-consistent numerical simulations. Approximate conditions of possible resonances driven by mismatch-induced envelope oscillation are presented to estimate dangerous parameter ranges where a particularly serious halo may be developed. A simple measure to separate tail particles from the beam core is introduced, which suggests the existence of two distinct regimes of halo formation. The maximum extent of a halo as well as emittance growth rates are evaluated through systematic simulations as a function of initial mismatch factors.
Municipalities at Court
Authors: Myers William M , Downey Davia C 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Municipal governments do not have constitutional recognition and risk being viewed as an afterthought by federalism scholars despite being key partners in facilitating state and federal policymaking as well as managing local affairs. How municipal governments exercise power and their role in the federal system has been litigated throughout the nation's history and has permitted the Supreme Court to issue rulings with implications for governmental power, private rights, and the functioning of the nation's federal framework and intergovernmental organization. To explore how the Court’s decisions shaped the federal framework, we utilize litigation involving municipal governments at the Supreme Court to assess theories of dual and cooperative federalism from the Founding through 2021. The lack of constitutional recognition places municipalities at a disadvantage against litigation opponents with entrenched powers (federal and state governments) or rights (businesses, organizations, and individuals). Our findings suggest that the Court’s treatment of municipal governments is much more complex than is normally assumed and is consistent with an institution focused on monitoring the federal system and adjusting accordingly.
25 THE IMPACT OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION INTERVENTION ON THE PSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTH OF ADOLESCENT SCHIZOPHRENIA PATIENTS
Authors: Yang Lin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Although traditional schizophrenia medication has achieved certain results in controlling symptoms, it still has limitations in improving patients’ social functioning and enhancing their quality of life. Therefore, exploring non-pharmacological treatment methods is of great significance for promoting the mental health of adolescent schizophrenia patients. Related studies have shown that physical activity can promote the secretion of neurotransmitters such as dopamine and serotonin in the body, and has been widely proven to have a positive effect on improving the mental health level of adolescents. The study aims to explore the impact of physical education intervention on the mental health of adolescent patients with schizophrenia.

Methods
The study selected 80 students with schizophrenia from a high school in a certain city that provided physical exercise education, aged between 15-18 years old. The study randomly divided patients into an experimental group and a control group, with 40 people in each group. The experimental group received intervention treatment through physical exercise, while the control group only received conventional antipsychotic medication intervention treatment. Both treatment periods are a complete semester, once a week for 40 minutes each time. The study used the Physical Activity Rating Scale-3 (PARS-3) and the Middle School Students’ Mental Health Scale (MSMH Scale) as evaluation tools.

Results
The PARS-3 and MSMH Scale scores of patients in the experimental and control groups before and after a one semester intervention are shown in Table 1. According to Table 1, the experimental group receiving physical exercise education therapy showed significant improvement in both PARS-3 and MSMH Scale scores, and the improvement effect was significantly better than that of the control group. Among them, the PARS-3 score of the experimental group before intervention was 33.51 ± 2.14 points, and after intervention, the score decreased to 22.65 ± 2.21 points, with a statistical difference between the two (P&lt;0.05). Meanwhile, there was a statistically significant difference (P&lt;0.05) in the MSMH Scale scores of the experimental group before and after intervention. In addition, in the inter group comparison, the experimental group had significantly lower scores on various scales after intervention compared to the control group.

Discussion
The research results indicate that using physical exercise as a treatment method has a significant clinical intervention effect on patients with schizophrenia. Physical education intervention can enhance patients’ self-efficacy and social communication skills, alleviate feelings of loneliness and social isolation. Overall, physical education intervention has significant advantages in improving treatment effectiveness, reducing drug side effects, promoting emotional expression and social function recovery in patients, providing new perspectives and methods for the treatment of schizophrenia.
35 THE ROLE AND EFFECTIVENESS OF VOCATIONAL COLLEGE TEACHERS IN EARLY INTERVENTION FOR STUDENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA
Authors: Wu Zheng 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Schizophrenia, as a mental and psychological disorder of early-onset dementia, is mainly manifested in cognitive deviation, social sensitivity, and hallucinations in adolescents, which in turn affects their learning, life, and social interactions. At present, the treatment plan for student schizophrenia mainly adopts antipsychotic drugs and psychological counseling, which have a good control effect on hospitalized patients. Research on utilizing the role of vocational college teachers in early intervention for students with schizophrenia to assist in the treatment of their mental and psychological disorders.

Methods
Firstly, 100 vocational college students who meet the criteria for early symptoms of schizophrenia will be evaluated by professional physicians and confirmed to have no other mental disorders. Next, 100 students will be randomly selected and divided into a control group of 50 and an experimental group of 50. Both groups received routine nursing interventions, while students in the experimental group received psychological counseling and role intervention from teachers on this basis. They provided disease explanations and actively communicated with patients to maintain their dignity and reduce their sense of shame. Finally, before and after the treatment intervention, the two groups of patients were evaluated using the Feelings of Inadequacy Scale (FIS), Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire (MCMQ), and Generic Quality of Life Inventory (GQOLI-74), and statistical significance was analyzed using SPSS 25.0 software.

Results
There was no statistically significant difference in FIS evaluation between the two groups before intervention (P&gt;0.05). After the intervention, the FIS score of the experimental group improved, with a score of 26.36 ± 3.68 for FIS self-esteem, which was about 49% higher than before the intervention. There was a significant difference (P&lt;0.001) in the scoring results compared to the control group, indicating that the auxiliary intervention of vocational college teachers has an effective relief and positive effect on students with schizophrenia. The results are shown in Table 1.

Discussion
Research on adding teacher role communication intervention on the basis of routine nursing intervention to enhance the effectiveness of teachers in influencing students’ mental health. The results showed that routine nursing interventions can improve the psychological problems of early schizophrenia students to a certain extent, but combined with communication and positive guidance from vocational college teachers, students’ confidence in fighting schizophrenia was significantly enhanced, and the early intervention effect of schizophrenia was significantly improved.
36 THE IMPACT OF ART THERAPY ON THE MENTAL HEALTH OF TEACHER EDUCATION STUDENTS
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Regarding the mental health issues of teacher education students, research focuses on the impact of occupational and social factors on students’ mental health. Students usually have a good acceptance of art therapy methods. In recent research, painting art therapy has been a commonly used scientific method, and its colors, lines, etc. fully reflect the psychological state of the painter, which is helpful for physicians’ assessment and treatment. Research on the use of painting art therapy and the College Students’ Psychological Health Quality Scale to reflect the psychological health status and intervention effects of teacher education students, providing better methods for shaping students’ mentality and relieving stress in the future.

Methods
The study selected 350 sophomore students majoring in teacher education from a comprehensive university and collected data using the Symptom Check List (SCL-90). Then, 116 students were randomly selected and divided into an experimental group (58 people) and a control group (58 people). The experimental group underwent painting art therapy six times within two weeks, each lasting 90 minutes. After the treatment, the two groups were evaluated using the College Student Psychological Quality Scale (CSPS). Finally, the scoring results were subjected to SPSS 25.0 statistical analysis and Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) to compare the psychological health status before and after treatment.

Results
In the CSPS scoring system, the interaction effect of students’ overall mental health quality is significant, with F (1,69) =30.60, P&lt;0.001, and ηP2=0.32. In the adaptive dimension, the score for emotional adaptation reached 3.84 ± 0.75, and the interaction effect was significant and statistically significant (P&lt;0.01), indicating that painting art therapy has a positive guiding effect on students’ mental health. The results are shown in Table 1.

Discussion
Painting art therapy has become a mature and reliable individual psychological treatment program in art therapy due to its advantages of easy acceptance and authenticity in reflecting problems. The results show that painting art therapy has a positive impact on the mental health of teacher education students, which is conducive to alleviating employment, interpersonal, and social pressures, and thus shaping students’ confident and optimistic psychological state.

Funding
No. XJK23CZY114.
41 EFFECT OF MECT ON COGNITIVE FUNCTION OF ECOTOURISM PRACTITIONERS WITH MENTAL DISORDERS
Authors: Shen Chenming 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Cognitive impairment is a common problem faced by patients with depression and schizophrenia throughout the course of the disease, which greatly affects the daily quality of life of those with mental illness who are engaged in the ecotourism industry. Modified Electroconvulsive Therapy (MECT) has been widely used in the clinical treatment of mental illness, but its impact on the cognitive function of patients is still inconclusive. At the same time, for patients engaged in the ecotourism industry, the applicability of MECT treatment research is relatively insufficient. This study conducted a series of dynamic observation studies on the cognitive function of mental illness patients engaged in ecotourism industry before, during and after MECT treatment, in order to provide a more scientific reference for clinicians to make MECT treatment plan.

Methods
From March to December 2023, 12 schizophrenic patients engaged in ecotourism industry were selected from the Third People’s Hospital of Yancheng City. The treatment was arranged three times a week, each treatment interval was one day, and six treatments were completed as a complete course of treatment, which lasted for two weeks. In order to conduct a dynamic assessment of Neurocognitive function in these patients, the Chinese version of Brief Neurocognitive Test Battery (C-BCT) was used as an assessment tool.

Results
According to the data in Table 1, no statistically significant differences in C-BCT scores were observed in patients with schizophrenia before MECT treatment began (P &gt; 0.05). At 1-2 weeks after treatment and at 1 month after treatment, patients’ scores for connection tests, continuous manipulation, and digital breadth showed statistically significant differences compared with those before treatment (P &lt; 0.05). Patients’ scores on the symbol coding test also showed statistically significant differences compared to before treatment at 1-2 weeks and 1 month after treatment ended (P &lt; 0.05).

Discussion
The study dynamically observed cognitive function in patients with mental disorders who received MECT and found that the treatment significantly improved clinical symptoms. In particular, one month after the end of MECT treatment, patients’ cognitive function not only gradually recovered, but in some respects even exceeded the pre-treatment level. This study provides strong clinical evidence for clinicians to decide whether to use MECT treatment, reduce patients’ concerns and fears about MECT treatment, and improve patients’ cooperation with treatment. However, the potential influence of drug factors on the study results could not be completely excluded during the implementation of the study. In future studies, drug variables should be strictly controlled to avoid possible bias during the study.