bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards Accurate Detection of Axial Spondyloarthritis by Using Deep Learning to Capture Sacroiliac Joints on Plain Radiographs.
Authors: Grauhan Nils Friedrich , Bressem Keno Kyrill , Manzoni Yves Nicolas , Adams Lisa Christine , Rios-Rodgriguez Valeria , Proft Fabian Nikolai , Haibel Hildrun , Rudwaleit Martin , Niehues Stefan Markus , Poddubnyy Denis , Vahldiek Janis Lucas 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BackgroundWell-informed decisions about how to best treat patients with axial spondyloarthritis (SpA) regularly include an evaluation of the sacroiliac joints (SIJ) on plain radiographs. However, grading radiographic findings correctly has proven to be a considerable challenge to expert readers as well as to state-of-the-art convolutional neural networks (CNNs). A method to reduce image information to the clinically relevant core would undoubtedly lead to more accurate results. We, therefore, trained a CNN only to detect SIJs on radiographs and evaluated its potential as a preprocessing pipeline in the automated classification of SpA.Materials and MethodsWe employed a CNN of the RetinaNet architecture, which was trained on a total of 423 plain radiographs of the sacroiliac joints (SIJs). Images were taken from two completely independent datasets. Training and tuning were performed on image data from the Patients With Axial Spondyloarthritis (PROOF) study and testing was executed using images from the German Spondyloarthritis Inception Cohort (GESPIC). Performance was evaluated by manual review and standard object detection metrics from PASCAL and Microsoft COCO.ResultsThe CNN produced excellent results in detecting SIJs on the tuning (n =106) and on the holdout dataset (n =140). Object detection metrics for the tuning data were AP = 0.996 and mAP = 0.538; values for the independent holdout data were AP = 0.981 and mAP = 0.515. ConclusionsThe developed CNN was highly accurate in detecting SIJs on radiographs. Such a model could increase the reliability of deep learning-based algorithms in detecting and grading SpA.
Natural progression of lamellar macular holes in high myopia: a long-term follow-up study
Authors: Ho Mary , Mok Eugenie , Lai Felix , Sin Helena PY , Mohamed Shaheeda , Chen Li Jia , Brelen Marten , Lai Timothy , Tham Clement , Young Alvin L. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
To determine the long-term prognosis of lamellar macular holes (LMH) in highly myopic eyes.
Methods
This was a retrospective observational study. Patients with LMH associated with high myopia (>-6 dioptres) were examined at regular 6-month intervals for a minimum of 36 months to detect for any structural and functional deterioration. Assessment included visual acuity checking, fundal examination, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) scanning. The risk factors for visual deterioration and progression to full-thickness macular hole (MH) were analysed using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. The main outcome measures included the changes in mean best-corrected visual acuities, evidence of lamellar hole progression on OCT scans and complication rates of full-thickness macular hole (FTMH), and foveal detachment (FD) development.
Results
A total of 37 highly myopic eyes with optical coherence tomography confirmed LMH were recruited from 36 patients. The mean age was 63.4 ± 9.8 years and the mean spherical equivalent refractive error was − 9.01 ± 3.6 D with axial length of 27.74 ± 1.45 mm. The mean follow-up duration was 57.6 ± 10.9 months. The mean baseline visual acuity was 0.272 logMAR ± 0.22. A gradual decline in visual acuity was noted, and the change reached statistical significance from 36 months onwards. Visual acuity was 0.648 ± 0.41 logMAR at 36 months (p = 0.034) and 0.604 ± 0.455 at 48 months (p = 0.046). Twelve eyes (32.4%) had foveoschisis at baseline. Coexistence of a lamellar macular hole with foveoschisis was shown to be a risk factor for the development of a FTMH or FD (p = 0.002).
Conclusion
LMH in highly myopic eyes was generally stable, while a small proportion of patients progressed to full-thickness MH. Patients with coexisting LMH, foveoschisis, and vitreomacular traction had a higher risk of visual decline and progression to full-thickness MH.
Metabolic Syndrome in Patients With First-ever Ischemic Stroke: Prevalence and Association With Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Liang Yajun , Yan Zhongrui , Hao Yanlei , Wang Qiqi , Zhang Zuoji , She Rui , Wang Peng , Du Yifeng , Lau Joseph , Dekker Joost , Bai Bo , Qiu Chengxuan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Most studies of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and coronary heart disease (CHD) have been carried out in the general population, and their association among stroke patients has been rarely explored. We seek to describe the prevalence of MetS among patients with acute ischemic stroke and to assess its association with CHD. Methods: This hospital-based study included 1851 patients with first-ever acute ischaemic stroke (mean age 61.2 years, 36.5% women) who were hospitalized into two university hospitals in Shandong, China (January 2016-February 2017). Data were collected through interviews, physical examinations, and laboratory tests. MetS was defined following the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) criteria, the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria, and the Chinese Diabetes Society (CDS) criteria. CHD was defined according to clinical and electrocardiogram examinations. Binary logistic regression was performed to determine the associations between MetS and CHD. Results: The overall prevalence of MetS was 34.0% by NECP criteria, 47.8% by IDF criteria, and 32.9% by CDS criteria. The prevalence of MetS decreased with age and was higher in women than men (p<0.05). Abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, high triglycerides, and low HDL-C were significantly associated with CHD (multi-adjusted OR range: 1.27-1.43, p<0.05). Compared with those without MetS, the multi-adjusted OR (95% CI) of CHD associated with MetS defined by the NECP criteria, IDF criteria, and CDS criteria was 1.29 (1.04-1.59), 1.46 (1.20-1.78), and 1.29 (1.05-1.59), respectively. In addition, having 1-2 abnormal components (vs. none) was associated with CHD (OR range: 1.63-1.73, p<0.05). Conclusions: MetS affects over one-third of patients with first-ever ischemic stroke. MetS is associated with an increased likelihood of CHD in stroke patients, but treating MetS as a binary entity would underestimate its association with CHD.
CBF Oscillations Induced by Trigeminal Nerve Stimulation Protect the Pericontusional Penumbra in Traumatic Brain Injury Complicated By Hemorrhagic Shock
Authors: Li Chunyan , Shah Kevin A. , Powell Keren , Wu Yi-Chen , Chaung Wayne , Sonti Anup , White Timothy G. , Doobay Mohini , Yang Weng-Lang , Wang Ping , Becker Lance B. , Narayan Raj K. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Traumatic peri-contusional penumbra represents crucial targets for therapeutic interventions after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Current resuscitative approaches may not adequately alleviate impaired cerebral microcirculation and, hence, compromise oxygen delivery to peri-contusional areas. Low-frequency oscillations in cerebral blood flow (CBF) may improve cerebral oxygenation in the setting of oxygen deprivation. However, no method has been reported to induce controllable oscillations in CBF and it hasn’t been applied as a therapeutic strategy. Electrical stimulation of the trigeminal nerve (TNS) plays a pivotal role in modulating cerebrovascular tone and cerebral perfusion. We hypothesized that TNS can modulate CBF at the targeted frequency band via the trigemino-cerebrovascular network, and TNS-induced CBF oscillations would improve cerebral oxygenation in peri-contusional areas. In a rat model of TBI complicated by hemorrhagic shock, TNS-induced CBF oscillations conferred significant preservation of peri-contusional tissues leading to reduced lesion volume, attenuated hypoxic injury and neuroinflammation, increased eNOS expression, improved neurological recovery and better 10-day survival rate, despite not significantly increasing CBF as compared with those in immediate and delayed resuscitation animals. Our findings indicate that low-frequency CBF oscillations enhance cerebral oxygenation in peri-contusional areas, and play a more significant protective role than improvements in non-oscillatory cerebral perfusion or volume expansion alone.
Prediction of Future Healthcare Expenses of Patients from Chest Radiographs Using Deep Learning: A Pilot Study
Authors: Sohn Jae Ho , Chen Yixin , Lituiev Dmytro , Yang Jaewon , Ordovas Karen , Hadley Dexter , Vu Thienkhai H. , Franc Benjamin L. , Seo Youngho 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Our objective was to develop deep learning models with chest radiograph data to predict healthcare costs and classify top-50% spenders. 21,872 frontal chest radiographs were retrospectively collected from 19,524 patients with at least 1-year spending data. Among the patients, 11,003 patients had 3 years of cost data, and 1678 patients had 5 years of cost data. Model performances were measured with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC-AUC) for classification of top-50% spenders and Spearman ρ for prediction of healthcare cost. The best model predicting 1-year (N=21,872) expenditure achieved ROC-AUC of 0.806 [95% CI, 0.793-0.819] for top-50% spender classification and ρ of 0.561 [0.536-0.586] for regression. Similarly, for predicting 3-year (N=12,395) expenditure, ROC-AUC of 0.771 [0.750-0.794] and ρ of 0.524 [0.489-0.559]; for predicting 5-year (N=1,779) expenditure ROC-AUC of 0.729 [0.667-0.729] and ρ of 0.424 [0.324-0.529]. Our deep learning model demonstrated the feasibility of predicting health care expenditure as well as classifying top 50% healthcare spenders at 1, 3, and 5 year(s), implying the feasibility of combining deep learning with information-rich imaging data to uncover hidden associations that may allude physicians. Such a model can be a starting point of making an accurate budget in reimbursement models in healthcare industries.
The Post-Liver Transplant Quality of Life Instrument: Translation, Reliability, and Validity of the Persian Version
Authors: Javaherian Mohammad , Abazari Nader , Nejatisafa Ali-Akbar , Nasiri-Toosi Mohsen , Jafarian Ali , Soleimani Mehdi , Moghaddam Behrouz Attarbashi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: The Post-Liver Transplant Quality of Life (PLTQ) instrument is a specific, disease-based questionnaire to evaluate health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of liver transplantation (LTx) recipients. The aim of this study is translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and evaluation of the psychometric properties of the Persian version of PLTQ (PV-PLTQ) questionnaire.Methods: All of the stages of translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the original PLTQ instrument was carried out according to the published guideline. A total of 175 LTx recipients completed the PLTQ and short form-36 (SF-36) questionnaires. Sixty-eight randomly selected patients were asked to complete the PLTQ, 2 to 3 months later. Face validity, content validity, acceptability internal consistency, test-retest reliability, sensitivity to change, and convergent validity were evaluated.Results: The results of face validity, content validity, and missing data proportion indicate that PV-PLTQ questionnaire is acceptable and easy to understand. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the PV-PLTQ questionnaire was 0.97 (0.82 to 0.95) for domains. The results of test-retest reliability show moderate to good intraclass correlation coefficient from 0.6 to 0.86 (P< 0.05). Also, the results of the Kruskal-Wallis test shows that this questionnaire is sensitive to HRQOL changes. The correlations between PV-PLTQ domains and physical and mental components of SF-36 present a good convergent validity (P< 0.05).Conclusio: In general, The PV-PLTQ questionnaire is a valid, reliable and sensitive to change instrument to evaluate HRQOL in LTx recipients and can be applied in further researches and clinical settings in the Persian speaking population.
Inter-Specific and Inter-Individual Trait Variability Matter in Surface Sediment Reworking Rates of Intertidal Benthic Foraminifera
Authors: Deldicq Noémie , Seuront Laurent , Bouchet Vincent M.P. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Although benthic foraminifera are an important component of meiofauna and contribute to carbonate production and carbon/nitrogen cycles, their role in bioturbation processes remains poorly known. Five dominant intertidal benthic foraminifera were recently classified into functional bioturbator groups according to their sediment reworking mode and intensity. Our study aimed at identifying potential drivers (i.e. size and/or travelled distance) of species-specific surface sediment reworking rate. The travelled distance and surface sediment reworking rate of Haynesina germanica, Cribroelphidium williamsoni, Ammonia tepida, Quinqueloculina seminulum and Miliammina fusca were assessed through image analysis. Our results show that the surface sediment reworking performed by these species is not size-dependent, but dependent on their motility traits through interspecific differences in the travelled distance. Smaller species (i.e. Quinqueloculina seminulum and Haynesina germanica) contribute more to surface sediment reworking than larger ones (i.e. Ammonia tepida, Cribroelphidium williamsoni and Miliammina fusca). These observations stress the critical role of motion behaviour in surface sediment reworking processes by intertidal foraminifera. Finally, we stress that the high inter-individual variability observed in conspecific motion behaviour may be important to decipher the role of foraminifera in sediment bioturbation. Noticeably, the species characterized by a strong inter-individual variability are also the species that have the highest surface sediment reworking rates. This last observation may inform on the species-specific phenotypic plasticity and therefore the potential for the functional role of these species to be maintained in their natural environment. This is particularly relevant in an era of global change where ecosystem balance is increasingly threatened by various stressors such as heat-waves, ocean acidification and plastic pollution.
Study on Electrical Characteristics of Magmatic Rock Intrusions in Metamorphic Rock Formations—Taking the Mupi Tunnel of Jiuzhaigou-Mianyang Highway as an Example
Authors: Li Bin , Feng Chongde , Cheng Qiang , Yu Jianhua , Zhao Hu , Xiao Xuepei 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The stratum lithology and geological structure of the highway tunnel in the mountainous areas of western China are complex, and the engineering geological conditions are complicated. When the highway tunnel passes through different lithological strata, its structural design and construction are completely different. Therefore, the design and construction of the supporting tunnel are used in the tunnel survey. The identification of the contact boundary between magmatic rock and metamorphic rock and the grade of surrounding rock is very important. The data processing, forward numerical simulation, 1D, 2D, and 3D inversion of the G8513 Jiuzhaigou-Mianyang Expressway Mupi Tunnel survey by magnetotelluric method reveals the ground level along the design line of the tunnel to the depth of 50m depths within the design elevation of the tunnel. Electrical characteristics, focusing on the identification of the contact boundary between magmatic rock and metamorphic rock. This study provides the electrical characteristics of the magmatic rock and metamorphic rock contact boundary of the Mupi Tunnel. It is speculated that the boundary is revealed by the tunnel construction excavation, which verifies the correctness of the geophysical inversion model and provides a more detailed design basis for the tunnel design. It is believed that taking the Mupi tunnel survey as an example, this research can provide detailed geophysical basis for the identification of magmatic rock and metamorphic rock in highway tunnels, as well as the geological survey and design of highway tunnels.
National-scale Changes in Crop Diversity Through the Anthropocene
Authors: Mariani Rachel O. , Cadotte Marc W. , Isaac Marney E. , Vile Denis , Violle Cyrille , Martin Adam R. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Expansion of crops beyond their centres of domestication is a defining feature of the current Anthropocene Epoch. These patterns have been quantified at large spatial scales, but the drivers and consequences of change in crop diversity and biogeography at national-scales remains less explored. We use production data on 339 crops, grown in over 150 countries from 1961–2017, to quantify changes in country-level crop richness and evenness. Virtually all countries globally have experienced significant increases in crop richness since 1961, with the early 1980s marking a clear onset of a ~ 9 year period of increase in crop richness worldwide. While these changes have increased the similarity of diversity of croplands among countries, only half of countries experienced increases in crop evenness through time. Ubiquitous increases in crop richness within nearly all countries between 1980–2000 are a unique biogeographical feature of the Anthropocene. At the same time, opposite changes in crop evenness, and only modest signatures of increased homogenization of croplands among countries, underscores that the understanding or predicting of consequences of crop diversity change requires context-dependent and, at least, national-scale assessments.
Effect of Average Ionic Radius of A-site, B-site in Ba0.85X0.15TiO3, BaY0.15Ti 0.85O3 Systems Respectively (X = Pb, Ca, Co), (Y = Zr, Mn, Si) as a Perovskite Structure Ceramics (ABO3) on Crystal Structure, Curie Temperature
Authors: Yaseen Jasim 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Barium titanate BaTiO3 is one of the most ferroelectrics. Its commonly used in capacitors due to its high dielectric constant. In this study, our goal is to determine the extent to which the change in the average ionic radius of A, B sites affects the structural, dielectric properties of this ceramic. In this study, barium titanate (Ba0.85X0.15TiO3, BaY0.15Ti0.85O3) (X = Pb, Ca, Co, Y= Zr, Si, Mn) was prepared by solid state reaction method in which the calcination temperature was 1200 °C for 2 hours. Structural characterization and dielectric properties were determined and calculated by using x-ray diffractometer, RCL-Meter (PM6303) at frequency 20 Hz using different temperature respectively. The results of the work showed that the average ionic radius at the A, B sites plays a large and clear role in determining the values of the dielectric constant and Curie temperature in perovskites in addition to the structural parameters.
Vascular Tissue-Specific Expression of Bnac4.BOR1;1c, an Efflux Boron Transporter Gene, is Regulated in Response to Boron Availability for Efficient Boron Acquisition in Brassica Napus
Authors: Wang Sheliang , Liu Ling , Zou Dan , Huang Yupu , Zhao Zhe , Ding Guangda , Cai Hongmei , Wang Chuang , Shi Lei , Xu Fangsen 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
AimsBnaC4.BOR1;1c is required for B acquisition in Brassica napus (B. napus) under low B stress. This study aimed to reveal the B regulatory mechanism of BnaC4.BOR1;1c and its physiological roles in B translocation from roots to shoots and B distribution in shoots. MethodsTransgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing GUS (β-glucuronidase) under different promoters were generated and the mRNA, and GUS activity was quantitatively measured. The in-situ PCR and immunohistochemistry in B. napus were performed to investigate BnaC4.BOR1;1c expression pattern and localization. Furthermore, assays of B transport and distribution in wild type B. napus and BnaC4.BOR1;1c RNAi lines were carried out to elucidate its physiological roles. ResultsResults showed that BnaC4.BOR1;1c mRNA abundance is negatively correlated with B availability, which was mediated by the 29 nt sequence in the 5’ terminal region of 5’-UTR. Besides, the 5’-UTR simultaneously regulates protein expression level, most probably depending on the translation efficiency. BnaC4.BOR1;1c mainly localizes on the plasma membrane of vascular bundle cells in roots and shoots with a polar localization manner that is probably beneficial to B xylem loading in roots and B unloading from xylem to phloem in vascular bundle of shoots. Short-term 10B uptake analysis demonstrates that BnaC4.BOR1;1c preferentially distributes B to developing leaves and flowers under B deficiency. ConclusionThis study reveals combined regulatory action of mRNA abundance and translation efficiency mediated by the 5’-UTR in BnaC4.BOR1;1c in response to B availability and its physiological role in preferential B acquisition in developing tissues of B. napus.
Erythema Elevatum Diutinum: A Neutrophilic Dermatosis Presenting as Bullae
Authors: Ye Binrong , Xu Minyuan , Liu Yeqiang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Erythema elevatum diutinum (EED) is a rare disease that is associated with streptococcal infection, blood disorders, and autoimmunity. It is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis in the spectrum of cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis. Typical skin lesions include nodules, erythema, and plaques; however, the presence of blister lesions is rare, especially on the limbs. Case presentation: We report a rare case of EED that presented as blisters on both limbs and the trunk of a 62-year-old woman. She responded well to oral corticosteroid and hydroxychloroquine treatment. The lesions were significantly improved after 2 weeks of treatment. Conclusions: EED is a rare form of cutaneous vasculitis. It is a good mimic of other types of skin diseases because of its diverse clinical presentations. It can even rarely present as blisters.
Can the Simplified Magnetic Resonance Index of Activity be Used to Evaluate the Degree of Activity in Crohn's Disease?
Authors: Tao Yongli , Li Hong , Xu Han , Tang Wen , Fan Guohua , Yang Xiaochun 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background and Aims: A simplified magnetic resonance index of activity (MaRIAs) was proposed recently. Our aim was to verify whether the MaRIAs can accurately assess the activity degree of CD. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of MRI, ileal colonoscopy, fecal calprotectin (FC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) of 93 CD patients. With the SES-CD as the gold standard, MaRIAs’ accuracy, The correlation of MaRIAs and SES-CD, FC, ESR, CRP, and interevaluator reliability were assessed. Results: MaRIAs≥1 detected segments with active CD with 90.80% specificity and 81.37% sensitivity (area under the curve was 0.91, 95% confidence interval 0.87-0.94). MaRIAs score of 2 or more detected severe lesions with 88.89% specificity and 95.12% sensitivity (AUC was 0.96, 95% confidence interval was 0.94-0.98). The MaRIAs score showed a high correlation with the SES-CD in the terminal ileum, transverse colon, right colon, left colon (r=0.85, 0.91, 0.88, 0.86,P < 0.001) and a moderate correlation with the SES-CD in the rectum (r=0.74, P < 0.001). The global MaRIAs score was highly correlated with the global SES-CD (r=0.90, P < 0.001). The global MaRIAs score was positively correlated with the fecal calprotectin (FC) level, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP) level (r=0.77, r=0.64, and r=0.68). The intra-group correlation coefficient (ICC) of the two physicians in the terminal ileum, right colon, transverse colon,and left colon was 0.91, ICC in the rectum was 0.78, and ICC in the total bowel was 0.95 (95% confidence interval was 0.95-0.98). Conclusion: The MaRIAs can accurately evaluate the disease activity level of CD, high correlated with the SES-CD and biomarker. The interrater reliability of the two physicians was excellent.