bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Thermodynamic Analysis of the Impact of Temperature on the Capillary Pressure in Porous Media
Authors: Standnes Dag Chun , Fotland Per 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA thermodynamic analysis of the capillary drainage, imbibition and hysteresis pressure in two‐phase porous media systems at different temperatures has been performed. Expressions for the work required or gained when the fluid saturations change, proportional to the capillary pressures, are presented. The expressions are determined using the criterion that changes in Helmholtz free energy equals zero at equilibrium. From these expressions, the variation of capillary drainage, imbibition and hysteresis pressures for increasing temperature are determined without calculating the actual capillary pressure values. The temperature dependency results show that the capillary drainage pressure declines with a fractional rate for increasing temperature with contribution from two terms, the air‐water interfacial tension and the entropy term, which give a total fractional reduction of −0.0082 K−1, close to the value −0.0084 K−1 found experimentally. The capillary imbibition pressure increases with a total fractional rate versus temperature equal +0.004 K−1 in line with the observation that water tables in soils are lifted upon day‐time heating. The total fractional temperature variation of the hysteresis capillary pressure term declines with a rate of −0.0143 K−1 for increasing temperature in qualitative agreement with experimental data. The results support the hypothesis that the thermodynamic approach applied under given assumptions can account for the major effects determining the temperature dependency of two‐phase capillary pressure in porous media. Furthermore, the entropy term adds an additional hysteresis term to the conventional term, even under isothermal conditions. The capillary pressure hysteresis phenomenon is therefore caused by two effects: Differences in interfacial areas including contact angle hysteresis plus the entropic contribution.
Oral health and oral health behavior in young adults with caries disease
Authors: Hagman Jennie , Wide Ulla , Werner Helene , Hakeberg Magnus 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to describe and analyze oral health, oral health behaviors, and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in relation to the level of caries disease among caries-active young adults.Material and methodsThis study presents data from a sample of young adults (n = 135) with active caries disease who were enrolled in a clinical, randomized controlled trial. The independent variables of sociodemographics, oral health (gingivitis, plaque), oral health behaviors (such as toothbrushing, dental attendance, sugar-containing sweets and drinks), dental anxiety, self-rated oral health, and OHRQoL were collected. Multinomial logistic regression was used to simultaneously evaluate the associations between the independent variables and caries severity.ResultsMultinominal logistic regression showed that poor OHRQoL and gingivitis were associated with caries severity in a gradient fashion in accordance with caries disease activity. Also, irregular dental care and frequent consumption of sugary soda were significantly associated with very high caries severity.ConclusionsThe risk factors related to caries severity among young adults were poor OHRQoL, gingivitis, consumption of sugary soda and irregular dental care attendance, indicating the need for a combination of different interventions specifically health behavior change. Furthermore, these findings may contribute to identifying high caries-risk individuals.
ALCAP2 inhibits lung adenocarcinoma cell proliferation, migration and invasion via the ubiquitination of β-catenin by upregulating the E3 ligase NEDD4L
Authors: Zhang Weijie , Zhang Ruochen , Zeng Yuanyuan , Li Yue , Chen Yikun , Zhou Jieqi , Zhang Yang , Wang Anqi , Zhu Jianjie , Liu Zeyi , Yan Zhaowei , Huang Jian-an 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLung cancer is recognized as the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) being the predominant subtype, accounting for approximately 85% of lung cancer cases. Although great efforts have been made to treat lung cancer, no proven method has been found thus far. Considering β, β-dimethyl-acryl-alkannin (ALCAP2), a natural small-molecule compound isolated from the root of Lithospermum erythrorhizon. We found that lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) cell proliferation and metastasis can be significantly inhibited after treatment with ALCAP2 in vitro, as it can induce cell apoptosis and arrest the cell cycle. ALCAP2 also significantly suppressed the volume of tumours in mice without inducing obvious toxicity in vivo. Mechanistically, we revealed that ALCAP2-treated cells can suppress the nuclear translocation of β-catenin by upregulating the E3 ligase NEDD4L, facilitating the binding of ubiquitin to β-catenin and eventually affecting the wnt-triggered transcription of genes such as survivin, cyclin D1, and MMP9. As a result, our findings suggest that targeting the oncogene β-catenin with ALCAP2 can inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of LUAD cells, and therefore, ALCAP2 may be a new drug candidate for use in LUAD therapeutics.
TRAIL-receptor 2—a novel negative regulator of p53
Authors: Willms Anna , Schupp Hella , Poelker Michelle , Adawy Alshaimaa , Debus Jan Frederik , Hartwig Torsten , Krichel Tim , Fritsch Jürgen , Singh Steven , Walczak Henning , von Karstedt Silvia , Schäfer Heiner , Trauzold Anna 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) receptor 2 (TRAIL-R2) can induce apoptosis in cancer cells upon crosslinking by TRAIL. However, TRAIL-R2 is highly expressed by many cancers suggesting pro-tumor functions. Indeed, TRAIL/TRAIL-R2 also activate pro-inflammatory pathways enhancing tumor cell invasion, migration, and proliferation. In addition, nuclear TRAIL-R2 (nTRAIL-R2) promotes malignancy by inhibiting miRNA let-7-maturation. Here, we show that TRAIL-R2 interacts with the tumor suppressor protein p53 in the nucleus, assigning a novel pro-tumor function to TRAIL-R2. Knockdown of TRAIL-R2 in p53 wild-type cells increases the half-life of p53 and the expression of its target genes, whereas its re-expression decreases p53 protein levels. Interestingly, TRAIL-R2 also interacts with promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML), a major regulator of p53 stability. PML-nuclear bodies are also the main sites of TRAIL-R2/p53 co-localization. Notably, knockdown or destruction of PML abolishes the TRAIL-R2-mediated regulation of p53 levels. In summary, our finding that nTRAIL-R2 facilitates p53 degradation and thereby negatively regulates p53 target gene expression provides insight into an oncogenic role of TRAIL-R2 in tumorigenesis that particularly manifests in p53 wild-type tumors.
A rutile TiO2 nanobundle as a precursor of an efficient visible-light photocatalyst embedded with Fe2O3
Authors: Mani Durai , Tahawy Rafat , Doustkhah Esmail , Shanmugam Mahalingam , Arivanandhan Mukannan , Jayavel Ramasamy , Ide Yusuke 
Published: July 2021

A rutile nanobundle was synthesized via a layered titanate’s conversion at room temperature and used as a precursor of a mesoporous rutile embedded with a tiny Fe2O3 cocatalyst to improve the visible-light photocatalytic activity.
Reduced Gaussian process regression based random forest approach for fault diagnosis of wind energy conversion systems
Authors: Mansouri Majdi , Fezai Radhia , Trabelsi Mohamed , Nounou Hazem , Nounou Mohamed , Bouzrara Kais 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper proposes a novel Reduced Gaussian Process Regression (RGPR)‐based Random Forest (RF) technique (RGPR‐RF) for fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) of wind energy conversion (WEC) systems. First, two RGPR models are proposed to deal with WEC features extraction and selection. The proposed RGPR models extract the most relevant information from the WEC system data while reducing the computation burden compared to the classical GPR model. The complexity reduction is ensured by the selection of the most effective samples through the dimensionality reduction (DR) metrics including Hierarchical K‐means (HKmeans) clustering and Euclidean distance (ED). Next, in order to classify the WEC faults and improve the diagnosis abilities, RF classifier is developed. The proposed RGPR‐RF and RGPR‐RF techniques boost the classification speed and accuracy using a reduced number of features where only the most relevant and sensitive characteristics are kept in case of redundancy. The open‐circuit, wear‐out, and short‐circuit are the three transistor faults considered in order to illustrate the effectiveness and robustness of the developed techniques. The obtained results show that the proposed RGPR‐RF technique is characterized by a low computation time and high diagnosis accuracy (an average accuracy of 99.9%) compared to the conventional RF classifiers.
An innovative industrial control system architecture for real‐time response, fault‐tolerant operation and seamless plant integration
Authors: Kalyvas Marios 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLarge‐scale infrastructure and industrial projects face schedule delays, cost overruns and performance shortfalls. One cause is the late delivery of their control systems that end up being complex and unsuited. To overcome this problem, an innovative industrial control system is proposed that can be commissioned almost effortlessly and delivered on time without functional defects in most large‐scale industrial and infrastructure construction projects, while offering high capacity (>25,000 filed devices scanning >100,000 signals) and straightforward scalability, upgradability and maintainability. Designed with a central controller and distributed sensing and actuating devices, and equipped with a cluster of servers and an Ethernet network transporting video, voice and data (>300 video and >750 voice streams), it integrates plant automation technologies with data communication techniques, allowing industrial and information technology applications to coexist and cooperate. While being tolerant to faults and fast in its response, it provides high safety integrity level (>SIL 2) and real‐time automatic reaction in repetitive stimuli or occasional events (programmable from 5 to 250 ms). In this paper, with the provided system blueprint and engineering guidelines, this novel system architecture can be built with off‐the‐shelf components seamlessly integrated in the context of Cyber Physical Systems.
Historie der idiopathischen entzündlichen
Myopathien
Authors: Reimers Carl D. 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungDie ersten Beschreibungen idiopathischer entzündlicher Myopathien
(Myositiden), initial durchweg Dermatomyositiden, reichen über 150 Jahre
zurück (E. L. Wagner, C E. Potain, H. Unverricht). G. Stertz vermutete
1916 erstmals einen Zusammenhang zwischen einem Malignom und einer
Dermatomyositis. Die charakteristischen Hautveränderungen und
histopathologischen Veränderungen bei den Dermatomyositiden sind schon
früh beschrieben worden, wohingegen die typischen proximalen
Extremitätenparesen in den ersten Jahrzehnten keineswegs
regelmäßig in den Beschreibungen auftauchten. Die
Behandlungsmöglichkeit mit Glukokortikoiden wurde erst vor 70 Jahren in
den U.S.A. entdeckt, eine bis heute akzeptierte Klassifikation 1977 vom
US-Amerikaner Bohan und Mitarbeitern beschrieben. Der Beitrag beschreibt die
Erstbeschreibungen der nicht infektiösen entzündlichen
Myopathien und deren Therapie.
Viral-Induced Inflammatory Coagulation Disorders: Preparing for Another Epidemic
Authors: Iba Toshiaki , Levy Jerrold H. , Levi Marcel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSeveral viral infectious diseases have emerged or re-emerged from wildlife vectors that have generated serious threats to global health. Increased international travel and commerce increase the risk of transmission of viral or other infectious diseases. In addition, recent climate changes accelerate the potential spread of domestic disease. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is an important example of the worldwide spread, and the current epidemic will unlikely be the last. Viral hemorrhagic fevers, such as dengue and Lassa fevers, may also have the potential to spread worldwide with a significant impact on public health with unpredictable timing. Based on the important lessons learned from COVID-19, it would be prudent to prepare for future pandemics of life-threatening viral diseases. The key concept that connect COVID-19 and viral hemorrhagic fever is the coagulation disorder. This review focuses on the coagulopathy of acute viral infections since hypercoagulability has been a major challenge in COVID-19, but represents a different presentation compared with viral hemorrhagic fever. However, both thrombosis and hemorrhage are understood as the result of thromboinflammation due to viral infections, and the role of anticoagulation is important to consider.
Transfusion in Elective Proximal Aortic Reconstruction: Where Do We Currently Stand?
Authors: Pupovac Stevan S. , Hemli Jonathan M. , Scheinerman S Jacob , Hartman Alan R. , Brinster Derek R. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAortic procedures are associated with higher risks of bleeding, yet data regarding perioperative transfusion in this patient population are lacking. We evaluated transfusion patterns in patients undergoing proximal aortic surgery to provide a benchmark against which future standards can be assessed.Between June 2014 and July 2017, 247 patients underwent elective aortic reconstruction for aneurysm. Patients with acute aortic syndrome, endocarditis, and/or prior cardiac surgery were excluded. Transfusion data were analyzed by type of operation: ascending aorta replacement ± aortic valve procedure (group 1, n = 122, 49.4%); aortic root replacement with a composite valve–graft conduit ± ascending aorta replacement (group 2, n = 93, 37.7%); valve-sparing aortic root replacement (VSARR) ± ascending aorta replacement (group 3, n = 32, 13.0%).Thirty-day mortality for the entire cohort was 2.02% (5 deaths). Overall, 75 patients (30.4%) did not require any transfusion of blood or other products. Patients in groups 1 and 3 were significantly more likely to avoid transfusion than those in group 2. Mean transfusion volume for any individual patient was modest; those who underwent VSARR (group 3) required less intraoperative red blood cells (RBC) than others. Intraoperative transfusion of RBC was independently associated with an increased risk of death at 30 days.Elective proximal aortic reconstruction can be performed without the need for excessive utilization of blood products. Composite root replacement is associated with a greater need for transfusion than either VSARR or isolated replacement of the ascending aorta.
Klippel–Trénaunay Syndrome and Developmental Coxa Vara in the Same Limb: A Case Report with a Review of the Literature
Authors: Zacharia Balaji , Alex Jittu , Rajmohan Ashwin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe present a case of a 14-year-old girl who was first treated when she was 4 years old. She had progressive limping of the left lower limb from the age of 3 years. She was diagnosed to have developmental coxa vara of the left hip and treated by a subtrochanteric valgus osteotomy of the left femur. Later, she developed hypertrophy of the left upper and lower limbs. There were port-wine stains over the left lower limbs with multiple superficial varicosities. Her diagnosis was Klippel–Trénaunay syndrome (KTS). She is asymptomatic at the final follow-up. Both developmental coxa vara and KTS are rare conditions. We present this case to demonstrate the rarest combination of two rare conditions occurring in the same limb.
Advances in Environmental Detection and Clinical Diagnostic Tests for Legionella Species
Authors: Vittal Rajeshwari , Raj Juliet Roshini Mohan , Kumar Ballamoole Krishna , Karunasagar Indrani 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Legionella is a fastidious organism that is difficult to culture in the lab but is widely distributed in environmental, domestic, and hospital settings. The clinical manifestations due to Legionella infections range from mild fever to fatal pneumonia and multiorgan pathologies. Legionella outbreaks though prevalent globally are not reported in developing countries due to difficulties in isolating this organism and the lack of simple diagnostic protocols. Here, we review the literature from across countries to present various methods used to detect Legionella from environmental and clinical samples. We compare the sensitivity and the specificity of the conventional culture-based assays with the recent methods and discuss approaches to develop better detection and diagnostic tests. With better cost-effective detection techniques and regular monitoring of the susceptible sites, which may harbor Legionella colonies, most of the Legionella infections can be prevented. As a result, considerable burden, caused by Legionella infections, on the healthcare system, in especially economically weaker countries, can be mitigated.
Perception about Etiology of Epilepsy and Help-Seeking Behavior in Patients with Epilepsy
Authors: Das Gautam , Biswas Samar , Dubey Souvik , Lahiri Durjoy , Ray Biman Kanti , Pandit Alak , Saha Sankar Prasad , Biswas Atanu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objectives Patients with epilepsy and their family have diverse beliefs about the cause of their illness that generally determine their treatment-seeking behavior. In this study, our aim was to find out different beliefs about epilepsy that lead to different help-seeking patterns, which act as barrier to the intended modern medical management of epilepsy.
Materials and Methods One hundred and fifty consecutive consenting patients accompanied by a reliable informant/family member fulfilling the International Classification of Epileptic Seizures (ICES), simplified version, were included. Demographic and clinical data of all the eligible subjects was collected. Perceived cause of illness and help-seeking pattern were explored from patient/informant by administering proper instruments.
Results Respondents identified varied causes of epilepsy and explored multiple help-seeking options before reaching tertiary care centers. We observed that, generally, epileptic patients/relatives who had belief in causes like supernatural causes sought help from nonprofessional personnel and those attributed their symptom to bodily pathology had professional help-seeking.
Conclusions The belief in supernatural causes not being conformed to the biomedical models of the epileptic disorders increases the treatment gap.
Early Transient Hypoglycemia and Test Performance in At-Risk Newborns
Authors: ElHassan Nahed O. , Schaefer Eric W. , Gonzalez Basilia , Nienaber Thomas , Brion Luc P. , Kaiser Jeffrey R. 
Published: July 2021

Objective This study aimed to evaluate if early (within the first 3 hours after birth) transient neonatal hypoglycemia (TNH) is associated with poor academic performance in infants at-risk for hypoglycemia.
Study Design This was a retrospective cohort study of at risk-infants (late preterm infants, small and large for gestational age infants, and infants of diabetic mothers [IDMs]) who were born in 1998 and 1999 at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and had ≥1 recorded glucose concentration. The outcome measure was proficiency on 4th grade literacy and mathematics achievement tests. Three glucose concentration cutoffs for defining hypoglycemia (<35, <40, and <45 mg/dL) were investigated. Logistic regression models were developed to examine the association between early TNH and achievement test proficiency based on perinatal factors.
Results Among 726 infants, 472 had one, 233 had two, and 21 had three risk factor(s). Early TNH (glucose concentration <35, <40, and <45 mg/dL) was observed in 6.3, 11.6, and 20.5% of the study cohort, respectively. Irrespective of the cutoff used, the frequency of early TNH (number of patients with early TNH in a risk category divided by the total number of patients in that category) was significantly greater among infants with multiple risk factors. After controlling for perinatal factors, early TNH (cutoffs <35 and <40 mg/dL) was significantly associated with decreased probability of proficiency in literacy but not mathematics. Despite that early TNH was more common in IDMs and infants with three risk factors, the category or number of risk factors did not impact academic proficiency.
Conclusion Early TNH (<35 and <40 mg/dL) was associated with lower adjusted probability of proficiency on 4th grade literacy achievement tests in at-risk infants. The impact of early TNH on academic performance was similar irrespective of category or number of risk factors.
Key Points
Vena Cava Atresia and Deep Vein Thrombosis: A Case Report and Systematic Review
Authors: Castro V. Alende , Díaz-Peromingo Jose Antonio 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCongenital anomalies of the vena cava often go unnoticed, and their incidental finding is frequent in imaging tests performed for another cause in asymptomatic patients. However, an association with the development of thromboembolic disease has been described, mainly in young patients.We report the case of a young woman with deep vein thrombosis associated with vena cava atresia.We conducted a search of the PubMed/Medline database. The search identified 17 articles, of which 5 were selected for extraction and data analysis. Twelve studies were excluded because they failed to match the main criteria.We identified six new cases of deep vein thrombosis associated with vena cava abnormalities, with a mean age of 42.5 years; 83.3% were male. Regarding clinical manifestations, all patients presented as deep vein thrombosis, one case of recurrence, and another case associated with the kidney and inferior vena cava abnormalities with leg thrombosis syndrome. Only one patient had a target triggering factor (cholecystectomy postoperative). The thrombophilia study was negative in all cases and none of the patients died. Treatment included enoxaparin and vitamin K antagonists.This is the first study to report on a systematic review of vena cava atresia associated with deep vein thrombosis in Spain. It shows that in this region, the disease affects young population—even in the absence of risk factors—and is linked to a low mortality. The most frequent presentation form was deep vein thrombosis. Therefore, congenital abnormalities of the vena cava should be suspected in young patients with thromboembolic disease, due to their implications regarding to the duration of anticoagulant treatment, as well as their possible association with other prothrombotic factors.