bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive Analysis of the Autophagy-Dependent Ferroptosis-Related Gene FANCD2 in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: miao huikai , ren qiannan , li hongmu , zeng mingyue , chen dongni , chen youfang , wen zhesheng 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background. The development of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) involves the interactions between cell proliferation and death. Autophagy-dependent ferroptosis, a distinctive cell death process was implicated in a multitude of diseases, whereas no research revealing the relationship between autophagy-dependent ferroptosis and LUAD pathogenesis was reported. Thus, the primary objective was to explore the role and potential function of the autophagy-dependent ferroptosis-related genes in LUAD.Methods. Clinical information and transcriptome profiling of patients with LUAD were retrieved and downloaded from open-source databases. Autophagy-dependent ferroptosis-related genes were screened by published articles. The key gene was identified as the intersection between the differentially expressed genes and prognosis-related genes. Patients were divided into high- and low-risk groups using the expression level of the key gene. The validity of the key gene prognosis model was verified by survival analysis. The correlation between the clinical characteristics of LUAD and the expression level of the key gene was analyzed to explore the clinical significance and prognosis value. And the roles of the key gene in response to chemotherapy, immune microenvironment and tumor mutation burden were predicted. The validation of key gene expression levels were further performed by immunohistochemistry staining.Results. FANCD2, a key autophagy-dependent ferroptosis-related gene by searching database, was confirmed as an independent prognostic factor for LUAD occurrence. The high expression level of FANCD2 was associated with an advantaged TNM stage, a less chemotherapy sensitivity, a low ImmuneScore, which indicated a deactivation status in immune microenvironment, a high tumor mutation burden, and a poor survival for LUAD patients. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that FANCD2 were involved in response to oxidative stress and neutrophil mediated immunity. Immunohistochemistry staining showed that the expression level of FANCD2 is higher in LUAD patients than normal tissue samples, which was in accordance with the database report.Conclusion. FANCD2, a key gene related to autophagy-dependent ferroptosis, could work as a biomarker, which predicts the survival, chemotherapy sensitivity, tumor immunity and mutation burden of LUAD. Research of autophagy-dependent ferroptosis and targeting the FANCD2 may offer a new perspective for the treatment and improvement of prognosis in LUAD.
Exosomal miR-136-5p Derived From Anlotinib-Resistant NSCLC Cells Confers Anlotinib Resistance in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Through Targeting PPP2R2A
Authors: Gu Guoqing , Hu Chenxi , Hui Kaiyuan , Zhang Huiqin , Chen Ting , Zhang Xin , Jiang Xiaodong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Anlotinib resistance is a challenge for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Understanding the underlying mechanisms against anlotinib resistance is of great importance to improve prognosis and treatment of patients with advanced NSCLC. Methods: RT-qPCR assay was used to assess the level of miR-136-5p in anlotinib-resistant NSCLC cells and exosomes derived from anlotinib-resistant NSCLC cells. CCK-8 assay was performed to assess cell viability. Results: High levels of plasma exosomal miR-136-5p is correlated with clinically poor anlotinib response. In addition, anlotinib-resistant NSCLC cells promoted parental NSCLC cell proliferation via transferring functional miR-136-5p from anlotinib-resistant NSCLC cells to parental NSCLC cells via exosomes. Moreover, exosomal miR-136-5p could endow NSCLC cells with anlotinib resistance by targeting PPP2R2A, leading to the activation of Akt pathway. Furthermore, miR-136-5p antagomir packaging into anlotinib-resistant NSCLC cell-derived exosomes functionally restored NSCLC cell anlotinib sensitivity.Conclusion: Collectively, these findings indicated that anlotinib-resistant NSCLC cell-derived exosomal miR-136-5p confers anlotinib resistance in NSCLC cells by targeting PPP2R2A, indicating miR-136-5p may act as a potential biomarker for anlotinib response in NSCLC.
Diagnostic Value of LncRNAs for Postoperative Metastasis of Breast Cancer: A Nested Case-Control Study.
Authors: Hao Liyue , Li Xiabin , Tao Zhonghua , Zheng Haisan , Wu Bin , Jiang Dengyong , Yang Yongxin , Tang Yan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is a malignancy with no clearly identified prognostic factors for diagnosis. Studies have preliminarily found that lncRNAs are related to breast cancer metastasis, however, the clinical predictive significance of lncRNAs is still elusive.In this study, we evaluated the diagnostic value of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA UCA1,CCAT2, ANCR) on postoperative metastasis of breast cancer as well as the possible mechanism involving the EMT. Methods: We investigated lncRNA ANCR, UCA1,CCAT2 that associated with breast cancer metastasis risk in a population-based nested case-control study. Metastasis cases were identified by clinical diagnostic criteria in approximately 103 cases in the Cancer Institute of Southwest Medical University during 2013-2020. At the same time, the control group (metastasis-free) was selected according to the 1:1 pairing principle in this cohort (n=103, the matching condition was age±3 years, the operation time within the same month, and the treatment plan both are modifed radical mastectomy) The mRNA of lncRNA( UCA1,CCAT2, ANCR) expression was determined by Real-time PCR. The expression of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and vimentin proteins was detected by Western blot. The migration and invasion of transfected cells were determined by the Transwell assay.Results: lncRNA ANCR, UCA1, CCAT2 was significantly up-regulated in breast cancer cells and postoperative metastasis of breast cancer.CCAT2 (OR=1.024, 95% CI: 1.010, 1.039), UCA1(OR=1.025, 95% CI: 1.011, 1.039),ANCR(OR=1.055, 95% CI:1.001, 1.111)was the risk factor for postoperative metastasis of breast cancer. Furthermore , we used the ROC curve to detect the optimal critical values of CCAT2, UCA1, ANCR , the risk of metastasis in the CCAT2 high expression group was 2.297 times that of the low expression group (OR=2.297, 95% CI:1.427 ~ 3.695, P< 0.05). The risk of metastasis in the UCA1 high expression group was 2.032 times that of the low expression group (OR=2.032, 95% CI 1.282 ~ 3.218, P<0.05). We further observed that lncRNA UCA1, CCAT2, ANCR was down-regulated in MDA-231 cells by 48 h of siRNA transfection. LncRNAs UCA1, CCAT2, ANCR silencing significantly decreased the percentage of migration and invasion cells, down-regulated N-cadherin, and up-regulated E-cadherin and vimentin in MDA-231 cells.Conclusions: Our data suggested that lncRNA CCAT2 , UCA1,ANCR was a novel molecule involved in postoperative metastasis of breast cancer, which has predictive value in patients with breast cancer metastasis.
Improved YOLO V3 Network for Basal Cell Carcinomas and Bowen’s Disease Detection
Authors: Zhang Jiantao , Huang Yun , Zhang Xiaobo , Xue Yan , Bi Xinling , Chen Zhuo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The pathologists’ workload is very heavy because they have to identify and diagnose a large number of histological images in daily work. So, there is an urgent need to develop a method for detecting and identifying skin cancer. Basal cell carcinomas (BCC) and Bowen’s disease (squamous cell carcinoma in situ) are common malignant skin cancers. In this paper, we focus on the study of YOLO detection model in object detection, and use the YOLOv3 model to detect and identify BCC and Bowen disease. The results show that the model can effectively detect most lesions. Through the structural analysis of the YOLOv3 model algorithm, it is found that the number of convolutional feature maps in some layers’ changes drastically. So, a new convolutional layer is added to gradually reduce the number of feature maps, and then an improved YOLOv3 algorithm is proposed. The improved algorithm is used to detect the lesions of the BCC and the Bowen’s disease. The results show that the improved model algorithm has better detection performance. Under the condition of threshold value of 0.7, the recognition accuracy of BCC and Bowen's disease is 91.3% and 90.9% respectively.
Protonated Phosphonic Acid Electrodes for High Power Heavy-Duty Vehicle Fuel Cells
Authors: Lim Katie , Lee Albert , Atanasov Vladimir , Kerres Jochen , Adhikari Santosh , Maurya Sandip , Park Eun Joo , Delfin Luis , Jung Jiyoon , Cy Fujimoto , Matanovic Ivana , Jankovic Jasna , Jia Hongfei , Kim Yu Seung 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Fuel cells operating at above 100 °C under anhydrous conditions provide an ideal solution for the heat rejection problem of heavy-duty vehicle applications. Here, we report protonated phosphonic acid electrodes that remarkably improve fuel cell performance. The protonated phosphonic acids are comprised of tetrafluorostyrene phosphonic acid and perfluorosulfonic acid polymers in which a proton of the perfluorosulfonic acid is transferred to the phosphonic acid to enhance the anhydrous proton conduction of fuel cell electrodes. By implementing this material into fuel cell electrodes, we obtained a fuel cell exhibiting a rated power density of 780 milliwatts per square centimeter at 160 °C, with minimal degradation during 2,500 hours of operation, and 700 thermal cycles from 40 to 160 °C under load.
In-Depth Phenotyping for Clinical Stratification of Gaucher Disease
Authors: D'Amore Simona , Page Kathleen , Donald Aimée , Taiyari Khadijeh , Tom Brian , Deegan Patrick Brian , Tan Chong Yew , Poole Kenneth , Jones Simon Allan , Mehta Atul , Hughes Derralynn , Sharma Reena , Lachmann Robin Henry , Chakrapani Aunpam , Geberhiwot Tarekegn , Santra Saikat , Cox Timothy Martin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background

The Gaucher Investigative Therapy Evaluation (GAUCHERITE) is a national clinical cohort of 250 patients aged 5–87 years with Gaucher disease - an ultra-rare genetic disorder. To inform clinical decision-making and improve pathophysiological understanding, we characterized the course of Gaucher disease and explored the influence of costly innovative medication and other interventions. Retrospective and prospective clinical, laboratory and radiological information including molecular analysis of the GBA1 gene and comprising > 2500 variables were collected systematically into a relational database with banking of collated biological samples in a central bioresource. Data for deep phenotyping and life-quality evaluation, including skeletal, visceral, haematological and neurological manifestations were recorded for a median of 17.3 years.
Results

At baseline, 223 of the 250 patients were classified as type 1 Gaucher disease. Intensive neurological phenotyping in a subgroup of 40 originally considered to have only systemic features, revealed neurological involvement in 18: two had Parkinson disease and 16 patients had other neuronopathic features. This revised the number affected by type 3 Gaucher disease to a total to 43. Skeletal manifestations occurred in most patients in the cohort (131 of 201 specifically reported bone pain). Symptomatic osteonecrosis and fragility fractures occurred respectively in 76 and 37 of all 250 patients and the first osseous events occurred significantly earlier in those with neuronopathic disease. Analysis of the longitudinal real-world data permitted stratification of Gaucher disease on the basis of exposure to advanced therapies and splenectomy. Splenectomy was associated with an increased hazard of fragility fractures, osteonecrosis and orthopaedic surgery; after splenectomy, there were marked gender differences in the risk of fragility fractures over time. Combined with associated surgical procedures, the skeletal manifestations represent a heavy burden of illness, especially in patients formerly unable to access disease-modifying therapies.
Conclusion

Gaucher disease has been explored during a period of transformation by disease-modifying interventions. With the introduction of advanced therapies, repeated longitudinal measures in this real-world cohort allowed the condition to be stratified into clear clinical endotypes. Our study reveals diverse and changing phenotypic manifestations with neurological, systemic and skeletal disease as inter-related sources of disability.
Electronic Supplementary Material

The online version of this article contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Spectroscopic Study on the Reaction of Singlet-Excited Nile Blue with Certain Antioxidants
Authors: Manivannan C. , Baskaran S. , V Anbazhagan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The photoinduced interaction of nile blue (NB) with various antioxidant molecules was investigated by fluorescence quenching technique and lifetime measurements. The various substituted catecholic compounds are employed as quenchers to evaluate their antioxidant activity. The formations of ground state complex between NB and quencher molecules observed from the UV-Visible absorption spectroscopy. The bimolecular quenching rate constants (kq) values depend on presence of substituent and its electronic properties of quencher molecules. Fluorescence quenching experiments have been performed at three different temperatures to assess the thermodynamic parameters. Time resolved fluorescence measurements suggest that the fluorescence quenching of NB with antioxidant molecules undergoes static quenching mechanism. The bond dissociation enthalpy (BDE) values reveal the discharge of HTfrom the antioxidant molecules. The electronic properties play an important role in the antioxidant activity of quencher molecules. The mechanism of fluorescence quenching between NB and quencher molecules are analysed based on the fluorescence quenching experiments, cyclic voltammetry experiments and BDE calculations.
Effects of Tree Species on Root Exudation and Mineralization of Organic Acids in a Tropical Forest
Authors: Fujii Kazumichi , Hayakawa Chie , Ningsih Sukarti 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Aims Root exudation of organic acids is one of strategies for tropical trees to facilitate nutrient uptake from the highly weathered soils. However, paradoxical relationship remains that root exudation also stimulates microbial activities to consume organic acids in the rhizosphere (root-soil interface). Plant-specific root exudation might shape different rhizosphere carbon (C) cycles between tree species. We test whether root exudation and rhizosphere C fluxes of organic acids and sugars differ between dominant dipterocarp trees and pioneer trees (Macaranga spp.). Methods We measured (1) root exudation from mature trees, (2) soil solution concentrations of organic acids and monosaccharides, and (3) mineralization kinetics of 14C-radiolabelled substrates in the rhizosphere and bulk soils of the Dipterocarp and Macaranga trees. Results Malate was a dominant organic acid exuded from Dipterocarp roots, while monosaccharides were dominant exudates of pioneer Macaranga trees. Malate exudation rates by Dipterocarp roots were greater compared to Macaranga roots. Organic acid exudation increased with increasing root surface area and with decreasing soil pH. Microbial activities of malate mineralization were enhanced in the rhizosphere both under Dipterocarp and Macaranga trees, but the C fluxes of malate mineralization by rhizosphere microbes far exceeded root exudation due to microbial malate production in the rhizosphere of Dipterocarp trees. Conclusion Tree species develop different strategies to increase malate concentration in rhizosphere soil directly through root exudation or indirectly through rhizosphere microbial activities to increase malate production, which is favorable for phosphorus solubilization, aluminum detoxification, and lignin degradation in acidic soils.
Self-fed Supplements of Low and Medium Intake for Beef Steers Finished on Pasture
Authors: Souza Saimon de Souza , Missio Régis Luis , Paris Wagner , Cavazzana Jefferson Felipe , Severo Marcelo Machado , Poggere Julia Maria , de Menezes Luis Fernando Glasenapp , Costa Olmar Antônio Denardin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The obstacles of using supplementation are related to the cost and labor. Self-fed supplements of low and medium intake can be an option to overcome these problems. However, the nutritive value and pasture yield are crucial to finding the right composition and amount of supplement. We evaluated productive responses of steers receiving self-fed supplements of low and medium intake on Aruana grass pasture. The animal performance, ingestive behavior, and pasture characteristics were evaluated in a completely randomized design with three treatments and three replicates. Twenty-four Aberdeen Angus steers were used as the tester animals. The dry matter intake and nutrient digestibility were evaluated in a 3 x 3 double Latin square repeated over time. The treatments consisted of mineral salt (control), supplementation for intake of 1.5 g/kg body weight (low-intake), and supplementation for intake of 4.0 g/kg body weight (medium-intake). The supplements did not influence the pasture characteristics and ingestive behavior, except the number of bites/day that was higher for the low-intake. Dry matter digestibility and forage intake were not affected by the supplementation, but the total dry matter intake increased for the medium-intake. The average daily gain, stocking rate, and fat thickness gain were higher for the medium-intake. The self-fed supplements of medium-intake increase the total dry matter intake, maximizing the performance of steers on Aruana grass.
Extraction of Cu(II) From Acidic Sulfate Media by Palm Kernel Fatty Acid Distillate: Stoichiometry and Thermodynamic Studies
Authors: halim siti fatimah abdul , Morad Norhashimah , Chang Siu Hua 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In efforts to develop a novel low-cost and eco-friendly organic solvent, namely, palm kernel fatty acid distillate (PKFAD), with free fatty acids (FFAs) as the active components, for Cu(II) extraction from acidic sulfate media, this work aimed to gain insight into the stoichiometry of Cu(II)-FFA complexes (extracted species) in PKFAD and their extraction thermodynamics. The former was explored by both the equilibrium slope and numerical analyses, while the latter was determined from the extraction of Cu(II) by PKFAD at different temperatures. Both the equilibrium slope and numerical analyses revealed that the stoichiometry of Cu(II)-FFA complexes in PKFAD was 1:6, whereas the thermodynamic study indicated that Cu(II) extraction by PKFAD was exothermic, nonspontaneous, and enthalpy-driven over the temperature range studied. A plausible structure of Cu(II)-FFA complexes in PKFAD was also postulated based on the thermodynamic data obtained.
Costa et al.: The First National Anti-TB Drug Resistance Survey in Timor-Leste
Authors: Lopes Constantino , Kundu Debashish , Barreto Ismael Da Costa , Cruz Bernardino da , Kumar S Siva , Ramalingam Sureshbabu , Dean Anna S. , Bhatia Vineet , Seenivasan Prabhu , Padmapriyadarsini C , Auguet Olga Tosas 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundIn the absence of reliable data, a national drug resistance survey (DRS) was implemented for the first time in Timor-Leste (TL) in 2019 to assess the prevalence of drug resistance among new and previously treated pulmonary TB patients in the country to guide resource allocation and to strengthen existing systems for the diagnosis, treatment and care of rifampicin-resistant (RR) TB. MethodsThis nation-wide cross-sectional survey was conducted from January 2019 until September 2019 targeting all new and previously treated sputum smear-positive pulmonary TB patients in the country. Sputum samples from enrolled cases were submitted to the National TB Reference Laboratory for molecular confirmation of pulmonary TB and to determine resistance to rifampicin by Xpert MTB/RIF. Culture was performed in parallel on solid media, and culture isolates from a sub-sample of confirmed TB cases were shipped to the WHO Supranational TB Reference Laboratory in Chennai, India for whole genome sequencing for quality assurance purposes. An electronic web-based system was used for entry and storage of the data from the DRS. Survey summary statistics, data cross-tabulations and analysis of potential risk factors of rifampicin-resistant TB (RR-TB) were conducted using R statistical software (version 3.5.2).ResultsA total of 953 sputum-smear positive patients were enrolled into the study, of which 917 were confirmed as positive for TB by either Xpert MTB/RIF or culture. Rifampicin resistance was detected among 0.6% (95% CI 0.2-1.3) of new cases and 2.7% (95% CI 0.5- 8.2) of cases previously treated with anti-TB drugs, using Xpert MTB/RIF. ConclusionThe prevalence of RR-TB in Timor-Leste is relatively low compared to the estimated prevalence of RR-TB in the WHO South-East Asia Region (2.5% [95% CI 1.9–3.3] among new cases and 14% [95% CI 7.7-21] among previously treated cases). This might be attributed to the late introduction of rifampicin into the maintenance phase of first-line treatment for TB in Timor-Leste and the good treatment success rate among TB patients (88% in new and relapse cases in 2018), although treatment coverage remains notably low. The rapid sputum collection and transportation mechanism implemented in the survey demonstrates its feasibility in low resource settings and should be replicated for routinely transporting TB specimens from microscopy labs to GeneXpert sites, addressing barriers to accessing TB services in remote, hilly areas. Establishment of in-country capacity for rapid molecular diagnostics for both first- and second-line DST, such as the line probe assay, is an immediate need for achieving universal drug susceptibility testing (DST) to guide appropriate patient management.
Effect of Seasonal Variation on the Persistence and Dissipation Behaviour of the Herbicide Mixture of Fomesafen + Quizalofop-Ethyl in Tropical Soybean Agroecosystem and Safety Risk Assessment
Authors: Das Sushovan , Singha Debasish , Kundu Arnab , Mondal Sandip , Kundu Abhishek , Bhattacharyya Arijita , Kumar Mousumi , Roy Sankhajit 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Weeds are the major limiting factor for optimum soybean production in India. The herbicide mixture of fomesafen and quizalofop-ethyl provides effective control of a broad spectrum of weeds, but its fate in the tropical soybean ecosystem is unknown and also the risks involved to the consumer and the environment are still unexplored. Hence, a supervised field trial was conducted following the post-emergence application of fomesafen 12% + quizalofop-ethyl 3% in two consecutive seasons. The dissipation of fomesafen followed biphasic double first order in parallel kinetics, whereas quizalofop-ethyl dissipation followed first order kinetics. A significant difference in the persistence of fomesafen was observed due to seasonal variation of meteorological parameters. However, the variation was significant only in plant, but non-significant in soil, in case of quizalofop-ethyl. The overall shorter persistence of both fomesafen and quizalofop-ethyl was recorded in warmer climatic conditions of Season I than Season II. The results thus indicated that care must be taken during application of this herbicide mixture in cold climatic regions, since both the herbicides may exhibit higher stability. The absence of end-point residues at harvest concluded that the formulation is safe for application in tropical agroclimate. The low chronic dietary toxicity and low soil ecological toxicity indicated that the herbicide mixture will offer no threat against consumer health and soil ecosystem. However, there was a concern about the toxicity against soil algal population which needs to be reconfirmed by further studies.