bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moving Stories: Methodological Challenges to Mapping Narratives and Networks of People in Diasporas
Authors: Fabos Anita H , Kahn Leora , Sarkis Marianne 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNarrative work with people displaced by conflict, and the methods we use to elicit and interpret their stories, offers the possibility to examine a common set of assumptions about place, movement and voice. Forced migration narrative inquiry has always focussed upon people’s movement, but storylines have a strong tendency to resolve this movement through the narrator’s return to settled, bordered life. Our ‘moving stories’ proposal builds on a narrative turn that features the mobile experiences of people whose association with settled life has been redefined through forced displacement. We present examples of diaspora storytelling that suggest how we might shift our lens to recognise circumstances where people’s movement is a key feature of the narrative frame, rather than a temporary condition or problem to be solved. By doing so, we allow ourselves to better see the stories that emerge through and because of mobile strategies and connections.
Association Between Graft Function and Urine CXCL10 and Acylcarnitines Levels in Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Başak Oktay Saniye , Akbaş Sadıka Halide , Yilmaz Vural Taner , Özen Küçükçetin İkbal , Toru Havva Serap , Yücel Süleyman Gültekin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate post-transplantation graft functions noninvasively by using urine C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10) and metabolome analysis.

Methods
The 65 living-donor kidney-transplant recipients in our cohort underwent renal biopsy to investigate possible graft dysfunction. The patients were divided into 2 groups, according to pathology reports: chronic allograft dysfunction (CAD; n = 18) and antibody-mediated/humoral allograft rejection (AMR; n = 16). The control group was composed of renal transplant recipients with stable health (n = 33). We performed serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), cystatin C, urine protein, CXCL10, and metabolome analyses on specimens from the patients.

Results
BUN, creatinine, cystatin C, urine protein, leucine + isoleucine, citrulline, and free/acetyl/propionyl carnitine levels were significantly higher in patients with CAD and AMR, compared with the control individuals. CXCL10 levels were significantly elevated in patients with AMR, compared with patients with CAD and controls. CXCL10 (AUC = 0.771) and cystatin C (AUC = 0.746) were significantly higher in the AMR group, compared with the CAD group (P&lt;.02).

Conclusions
CXCL10 and metabolome analyzes are useful for evaluation of graft functions. Also, CXCL10 might be useful as a supplementary noninvasive screening test for diagnosis of allograft rejection.
Lupus nephritis and ANCA-associated vasculitis: towards precision medicine?
Authors: Rosenkranz Alexander R , Tesar Vladimir 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Historically the treatment of lupus nephritis (LN) and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) vasculitis was ‘one size fits all’; however, with the emergence of precision medicine initiatives, the field is moving towards more personalized treatment approaches. The recent development of a more accurate and reproducible histopathological classification system for LN could lead to better disease categorization and therefore more targeted therapies. A better understanding of the pathophysiology of LN has provided evidence that not only T but also B cells play an important role, opening new opportunities for individualized treatment approaches. Recent trials have shown calcineurin inhibitors and the anti-CD20 antibodies rituximab and ofatumumab to be effective in the treatment of LN, adding new treatment options. State-of-the-art targeted therapy in ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) takes interindividual heterogeneity in disease severity, type of ANCA antibody [myeloperoxidase versus proteinase 3 (PR3)] and the risk for side effects of therapy into consideration. In addition, within an individual, induction therapy differs from maintenance therapy, the same holding true in incident and relapsing disease. Rituximab is now widely used in AAV and it has become clear that prolonged B cell depletion, as in LN, must be achieved to obtain a long-lasting clinical response, especially in anti-PR3-associated disease. Still, despite these advances, molecular and genetic markers are rarely incorporated into diagnostic and treatment algorithms and true precision medicine remains an aspiration that hopefully can be achieved.
Pathways of China's PM2.5 air quality 2015–2060 in the context of carbon neutrality
Authors: Cheng Jing , Tong Dan , Zhang Qiang , Liu Yang , Lei Yu , Yan Gang , Yan Liu , Yu Sha , Cui Ryna Yiyun , Clarke Leon , Geng Guannan , Zheng Bo , Zhang Xiaoye , Davis Steven J , He Kebin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Clean air policies in China have substantially reduced particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution in recent years, primarily by curbing end-of-pipe emissions. However, reaching the level of the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines may instead depend upon the air quality co-benefits of ambitious climate action. Here, we assess pathways of Chinese PM2.5 air quality from 2015 to 2060 under a combination of scenarios that link global and Chinese climate mitigation pathways (i.e. global 2°C- and 1.5°C-pathways, National Determined Contributions (NDC) pledges and carbon neutrality goals) to local clean air policies. We find that China can achieve both its near-term climate goals (peak emissions) and PM2.5 air quality annual standard (35 μg/m3) by 2030 by fulfilling its NDC pledges and continuing air pollution control policies. However, the benefits of end-of-pipe control reductions are mostly exhausted by 2030, and reducing PM2.5 exposure of the majority of the Chinese population to below 10 μg/m3 by 2060 will likely require more ambitious climate mitigation efforts such as China's carbon neutrality goals and global 1.5°C-pathways. Our results thus highlight that China's carbon neutrality goals will play a critical role in reducing air pollution exposure to the level of the WHO guidelines and protecting public health.
Effect of Obesity on Clinical Failure of Patients Treated With β-Lactams
Authors: Pinner Nathan A , Tapley Natalie G , Barber Katie E , Stover Kayla R , Wagner Jamie L 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
Altered pharmacokinetics in obese patients raise concerns over worse clinical outcomes. This study assessed whether obese patients receiving a β-lactam have worse clinical outcomes compared to nonobese patients and to identify if therapeutic drug monitoring may be beneficial.

Methods
This multicenter, retrospective cohort included hospitalized adults admitted from July 2015 to July 2017 treated with a β-lactam as definitive monotherapy against a gram-negative bacilli for ≥72 hours. Patients were excluded if there was lack of source control or if polymicrobial infections required &gt;1 antibiotic for definitive therapy. Patients were classified based on body mass index (BMI): nonobese (BMI ≤29.9 kg/m2) and obese (BMI ≥30.0 kg/m2). The primary outcome was clinical treatment failure, and secondary outcomes were hospital length of stay, inpatient all-cause mortality, and 30-day all-cause readmission.

Results
There were 257 (43.6%) obese patients and 332 (56.4%) nonobese patients included. The most common infections were urinary (50.9%) and respiratory (31.4%). Definitive treatment was driven by third-generation cephalosporins (46.9%) and cefepime (44.7%). Treatment failure occurred in 131 (51%) obese patients and 109 (32.8%) nonobese patients (P &lt; .001). Obesity and respiratory source were independently associated with increased likelihood of treatment failure. Obese patients were hospitalized longer than nonobese patients (P = .002), but no differences were found for all-cause mortality (P = .117) or infection-related readmission (0 = 0.112).

Conclusions
Obese patients treated with β-lactams have higher rates of treatment failure and longer hospitalization periods than nonobese patients. Future studies are needed to assess the impact of therapeutic drug monitoring and specific dosing recommendations for targeted infection types.
Increased expression of ANAC017 primes for accelerated senescence
Authors: Broda Martyna , Khan Kasim , O’Leary Brendan , Pružinská Adriana , Lee Chun Pong , Millar A Harvey , Van Aken Olivier 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Recent studies in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) have reported conflicting roles for NAC DOMAIN CONTAINING PROTEIN 17 (ANAC017), a transcription factor regulating mitochondria-to-nuclear signaling, and its closest paralog NAC DOMAIN CONTAINING PROTEIN 16 (ANAC016), in leaf senescence. By synchronizing senescence in individually darkened leaves of knockout and overexpressing mutants from these contrasting studies, we demonstrate that elevated ANAC017 expression consistently causes accelerated senescence and cell death. A time-resolved transcriptome analysis revealed that senescence-associated pathways such as autophagy are not constitutively activated in ANAC017 overexpression lines, but require a senescence-stimulus to trigger accelerated induction. ANAC017 transcript and ANAC017-target genes are constitutively upregulated in ANAC017 overexpression lines, but surprisingly show a transient “super-induction” 1 d after senescence induction. This induction of ANAC017 and its target genes is observed during the later stages of age-related and dark-induced senescence, indicating the ANAC017 pathway is also activated in natural senescence. In contrast, knockout mutants of ANAC017 showed lowered senescence-induced induction of ANAC017 target genes during the late stages of dark-induced senescence. Finally, promoter binding analyses show that the ANAC016 promoter sequence is directly bound by ANAC017, so ANAC016 likely acts downstream of ANAC017 and is directly transcriptionally controlled by ANAC017 in a feed-forward loop during late senescence.
An epidemiological investigation of COVID-19 outbreaks in a group of care homes in Wales, UK: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Williams O , Williams C , Turner D , Bull M , Watkins J , Hurt L 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
This study describes the epidemiology of COVID-19 outbreaks in four care homes in terms of spread, severity, presentation and interventions.

Methods
Participants were 100 residents and 102 staff from four co-located care homes in Wales. Data were collected from the homes and Public Health Wales, including demographics, presentations, test status and results, hospital admissions and deaths. Genomic sequencing of confirmed case samples was completed, where possible. Epi-curves, crude attack rates, a Kaplan-Meier survival curve and adjusted hazard ratios were calculated using R.

Results
About 14 confirmed and 43 possible resident cases, 23 confirmed and 47 possible staff cases occurred. Crude attack rates of possible and confirmed cases were 57% (residents) and 69% (staff). Genomic sequencing for 10 confirmed case PCR samples identified at least 5 different UK lineages of COVID-19.42 (42%) residents died, 23 (55%) with COVID-19 or suspected COVID-19 recorded on the death certificate. The hazard ratio for death amongst resident possible and confirmed cases compared to null cases, adjusting for age and sex, was 13.26 (95% CI 5.61–31.34).

Conclusions
There were extensive outbreaks of COVID-19 in these homes with high crude attack rates and deaths. Universal testing and early isolation of residents are recommended.
Associations of actigraphic sleep and circadian rest/activity rhythms with cognition in the early phase of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Alfini Alfonso , Albert Marilyn , Faria Andreia V , Soldan Anja , Pettigrew Corinne , Wanigatunga Sarah , Zipunnikov Vadim , Spira Adam P 
Published: April 2021

AbstractStudy ObjectivesTo compare sleep and circadian rest/activity rhythms (RARs), quantified by standard and novel actigraphic metrics, between controls and participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and to examine the cross-sectional relationships between these measures and cognition.MethodsActigraphy data were collected in 179 older individuals (mean age = 72.6 years) with normal cognition (n = 153) and MCI (n = 26). Sleep parameters (e.g. sleep efficiency), and standard nonparametric RARs (e.g. interdaily stability) were generated. Functional principal component analysis (fPCA) was used to generate three novel RAR metrics (fPC1, fPC2, and fPC3). Cognitive composite scores reflecting episodic memory and executive function were derived using factor analysis. Regression models compared sleep and RAR parameters between diagnostic groups and their association with cognitive performance.ResultsCompared to controls, the MCI group exhibited lower levels of the standard RAR parameter: relative amplitude and fPC3—a novel RAR whereby lower scores reflected a lower rhythm peak, as well as greater nighttime activity and less activity in the morning. Across groups, several standard RAR parameters (e.g. interdaily stability) and fPC3 were associated with better episodic memory and executive function performance. Additionally, several standard RAR measures (e.g. relative amplitude) and the novel RAR measure fPC1 (reflecting the total volume of activity and rhythm strength) were associated with better executive function performance.ConclusionsIndividuals with MCI have altered circadian RARs compared to controls, including the novel RAR metric fPC3, reflecting greater nighttime activity and less activity in the morning compared to mean values. Additionally, these measures are significantly associated with cognitive performance.
Full-Thickness Facial Pressure Injury and Buried Dentition from Prone Positioning in a Patient with COVID-19
Authors: Conlon Christopher , Slovacek Cedar , Jalalabadi Faryan , Winocour Sebastian , Olorunnipa Olushola 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Prone positioning is recognized for its efficacy in the treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome related to COVID-19. Here the authors present a case of a facial pressure injury and buried dentition that occurred as a result of prolonged prone positioning in a patient who was COVID-19 positive. The patient was treated with primary closure of the injury and pressure offloading.
Comparative Outcomes of Laparoscopic Gastrectomy and Open Gastrectomy for Scirrhous Gastric Cancer: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Fujita Yusuke , Nishigori Tatsuto , Kadokawa Yoshio , Itami Atsushi , Kondo Masato , Hosogi Hisahiro , Kanaya Seiichiro , Kawada Hironori , Hata Hiroaki , Yamamoto Michihiro , Kinjo Yousuke , Tanaka Eiji , Manaka Dai , Satoh Seiji , Okabe Hiroshi , Tsunoda Shigeru , Sakaguchi Masazumi , Hisamori Shigeo , Hida Koya , Tanaka Shiro , Obama Kazutaka 
Published: April 2021

Objective:
A multicenter retrospective cohort study was performed to compare the outcomes of laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG) versus open gastrectomy (OG) for scirrhous gastric cancer (GC) as a unique subtype also known as type 4 gastric cancer or linitis plastica.

Background:
Although data on the efficacy and safety of LG as an alternative to OG are emerging, the applicability of LG to scirrhous GC remains unclear.

Methods:
Patients with clinical type 4 GC undergoing gastrectomy at 13 hospitals from 2005 to 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. As the primary endpoint, we compared overall survival (OS) between the LG and OG groups. To adjust for confounding factors, we used multivariate Cox regression analysis for the main analyses and propensity-score matching for sensitivity analysis. Short-term outcomes and recurrence-free survival were also compared.

Results:
A total of 288 patients (LG, 62; OG, 226) were included in the main analysis. Postoperative complications occurred in 25.8% and 30.1%, respectively (P = 0.44). No significant difference in recurrence-free survival was observed (P = 0.72). The 5-year OS rates were 32.4% and 31.6% in the LG and OG groups, respectively (P = 0.60). The hazard ratio (LG/OG) for OS was 0.98 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.65–1.43) in the multivariate regression analysis. In the sensitivity analyses after propensity-score matching, the hazard ratio for OS was 0.92 (95% CI, 0.58–1.45).

Conclusions:
Considering the hazard ratios and 95% CIs for OS, LG for scirrhous GC was not associated with worse survival than that for OG.
Perioperative Modifications to the Open TLIF Provide Comparable Short-term Outcomes to the MIS-TLIF
Authors: Berkman Richard A. , Wright Amanda H. , Khan Inamullah , Sivaganesan Ahilan 
Published: April 2021

Study Design:
This study is a retrospective review of patients’ charts and data from longitudinally collected clinical outcomes and opioid use.

Objective:
In the current study, we aim to compare short-term outcomes data for 139 Open transforaminal interbody fusion (TLIF) patients to recently published data for tubular and endoscopic MIS-TLIF.

Background Context:
In response to the downsides associated with Open TLIF, such as large incision, blood loss, delayed ambulation, prolonged hospitalization, and opioid-reliance, spine surgeons developed tubular retractor based “minimally-invasive” TLIF. However, the traditional Open TLIF retains its significance in terms of providing successful fusion and improved patient-reported outcomes (PROs).

Methods:
We adapted several techniques with an aim to improve short-term outcomes for our Open TLIF patients that combined extensive perioperative counselling, an emphasis on early mobilization, avoidance of overuse of opioid analgesics, early discharge with home care arrangements, use of a posthospitalization drainage tube with intraoperative surgical modifications using small incisions (4–5 cm), a narrow 20 mm retractor, minimal muscle injury, and use of a cell saver to minimize net blood loss. The demographics and perioperative results were compared with data from recent MIS-TLIF studies using Student t test for continuous and χ2/exact test for categorical variables.

Results:
Among the total 139 patients, 115 underwent a single-level procedure, 90% of whom were discharged on the first postoperative day (length of stay=1.13±0.47 d) with an average net estimated blood loss of 176.17±87.88 mL. There were 24 two-level procedures with an average length of stay of 1.57±0.84 days, average net estimated blood loss was 216.96±85.70 mL. The patients had statistically significant improvements in PROs at 3 and 12 months.

Conclusions:
The results of this study identify that patients who underwent modified Open TLIF demonstrated favorable short-term outcomes, as compared with the tubular MIS-TLIF, by virtue of avoidance of blood transfusions, shorter hospital stays, and significantly less opioid usage while experiencing satisfactory PROs.
Iliac Screw Fixation Revisited
Authors: von Glinski Alexander , Elia Christopher J. , Wiginton James G. , Ansari Darius , Pierre Clifford , Ishak Basem , Yilmaz Emre , Blecher Ronen , Dettori Joseph R. , Hayman Erik , Schildhauer Thomas A. , Oskouian Rod J. , Chapman Jens R. 
Published: April 2021

Study Design:
A retrospective study.

Objective:
To describe the modified iliac screw (mILS) technique and compare it to other spinopelvic fixation techniques in terms of wound healing complications, hardware prominence, and failure.

Summary of Background Data:
The traditional entry point of an iliac screw often causes postoperative gluteal pain from the prominent screw head. The use of an offset connector also adds a point of weakness to the construct. By choosing a different screw entry point offset connectors can be avoided, and the screw head itself is less prominent, thereby reducing postoperative discomfort.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective analysis was performed of adult patients undergoing lumbopelvic fixation (LPF) between January 2014 and June 2019. Patients were grouped into 1 of 3 groups based on the technique of pelvic fixation: S2 alar-iliac (S2AI) screw, traditional iliac screw (tILS), and mILS. The primary outcome parameter was the minimal distance from screw head to skin. Secondary outcome parameters were instrumentation loosening/failure, adjacent level fractures, pseudoarthrosis, and medial or lateral iliac screw perforation.

Results:
A total of 190 patients undergoing LPF were included in the following 3 groups: mILS group (n=113), tILS group (n=40), and S2AI group (n=37). The mean minimal distance from screw head to skin in the mILS group was 31.3 mm compared with 23.7 mm in the tILS group (P<0.00199). No statistically significant differences were found when comparing the 3 groups with respect to complications. The mILS group did not show any cases of prominent instrumentation and had the lowest rate of instrumentation failure.

Conclusions:
The mILS technique is an acceptable alternative for LPF, offering the benefits of iliac screw fixation while avoiding offset connectors and screw prominence complications associated with tILS.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.
Fear Avoidance Beliefs and Outcome After Surgery for Degenerative Lumbar Spine
Authors: Knafo Steven , Apra Caroline , Eloy Gauthier , Guigui Pierre , Bouyer Benjamin 
Published: April 2021

Study Design:
This was a prospective cohort study.

Objective:
The aim of this study is to question the influence of fear avoidance beliefs on functional outcome following surgery for degenerative lumbar spine.

Background:
Fear avoidance beliefs are well-studied modifiers of low back pain. Nonetheless, the influence of fear avoidance beliefs on the outcome of spinal surgery remains controversial.

Methods:
We conducted a prospective cohort study including patients undergoing surgery for degenerative lumbar discopathy, spondylolisthesis, and stenosis. Patients completed a preoperative questionnaire including the Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ) as well as Visual Analog Scales for radicular and lumbar pain (VAS-R/L), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and Short-Form 36 health survey (SF36). Functional outcome was measured at least 6 months after surgery using ODI.

Results:
Sixty-three patients with a mean follow-up of 254 days (8.5 mo, minimum=179 d, maximum=534 d) were included in the study. Women showed stronger work-related fear avoidance beliefs but there was no other difference in baseline characteristics and functional outcome between patients with low or high (>75th percentile) baseline FABQ-P or FABQ-W scores. Individual variables associated with whether patients reached minimal clinically important difference for ODI were: working status [odds ratio (OR)=0.13; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.03–0.62; P=0.01], American Society of Anesthesiologists classification score (OR=0.32; 95% CI, 0.11–0.92; P=0.03), preoperative duration of symptoms (OR=0.94; 95% CI, 0.89–0.99; P=0.03), and preoperative ODI (OR=1.03; 95% CI, 1.00–1.07; P=0.05). Neither physical nor work-related preoperative FABQ scores were predictors of functional results.

Conclusions:
In our study, the FABQ was not associated with functional outcome following surgery for degenerative lumbar spine. Other psychological patient-reported measures are needed to refine selection of patients undergoing spine surgery in order to ensure better outcomes.