bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CFD simulation of CO2 absorption by water-based TiO2 nanoparticles in a high pressure stirred vessel
Authors: Ghasem Nayef 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis work presents the modeling and simulation of CO2 capture by a water-based Titanium dioxide (TiO2) solid nanoparticle in a stirred high-pressure vessel at a constant temperature. Photocatalytic material such as TiO2 has excellent properties, namely it is nontoxic, inexpensive, and non-polluting. CFD model equations are developed and solved using COMSOL software package. The effect of the concentration of a solid nanoparticle in a water-based TiO2 solution, the size of TiO2 nanoparticles and the rate of mixing on the CO2 absorption rate is investigated. A 2D mathematical model considers both shuttle and micro-convention mechanisms. Results reveal that the best TiO2 concentration range is between 0.5 and 1 kg/m3 and that a particle size of 10 nm is more efficient than higher particle sizes. A moderate mixing rate maximizes the CO2 removal rate. The theoretical predictions are validated using lab experimental data and those in the available literature. Results confirm that the model calculations match with the experimental results. Accordingly, the model successfully predicts the experimental data and can be used for further studies.
Significance of nanoparticle’s radius, heat flux due to concentration gradient, and mass flux due to temperature gradient: The case of Water conveying copper nanoparticles
Authors: Shah Nehad Ali , Animasaun I. L. , Chung Jae Dong , Wakif Abderrahim , Alao F. I. , Raju C. S. K. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe performance of copper selenide and effectiveness of chemical catalytic reactors are dependent on an inclined magnetic field, the nature of the chemical reaction, introduction of space heat source, changes in both distributions of temperature and concentration of nanofluids. This report presents the significance of increasing radius of nanoparticles, energy flux due to the concentration gradient, and mass flux due to the temperature gradient in the dynamics of the fluid subject to inclined magnetic strength is presented. The non-dimensionalization and parameterization of the dimensional governing equation were obtained by introducing suitable similarity variables. Thereafter, the numerical solutions were obtained through shooting techniques together with 4th order Runge–Kutta Scheme and MATLAB in-built package. It was concluded that at all the levels of energy flux due to concentration gradient, reduction in the viscosity of water-based nanofluid due to a higher radius of copper nanoparticles causes an enhancement of the velocity. The emergence of both energy flux and mass flux due to gradients in concentration and temperature affect the distribution of temperature and concentration at the free stream.
Acetyl-CoA flux from the cytosol to the ER regulates engagement and quality of the secretory pathway
Authors: Dieterich Inca A. , Cui Yusi , Braun Megan M. , Lawton Alexis J. , Robinson Nicklaus H. , Peotter Jennifer L. , Yu Qing , Casler Jason C. , Glick Benjamin S. , Audhya Anjon , Denu John M. , Li Lingjun , Puglielli Luigi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNε-lysine acetylation in the ER is an essential component of the quality control machinery. ER acetylation is ensured by a membrane transporter, AT-1/SLC33A1, which translocates cytosolic acetyl-CoA into the ER lumen, and two acetyltransferases, ATase1 and ATase2, which acetylate nascent polypeptides within the ER lumen. Dysfunctional AT-1, as caused by gene mutation or duplication events, results in severe disease phenotypes. Here, we used two models of AT-1 dysregulation to investigate dynamics of the secretory pathway: AT-1 sTg, a model of systemic AT-1 overexpression, and AT-1S113R/+, a model of AT-1 haploinsufficiency. The animals displayed reorganization of the ER, ERGIC, and Golgi apparatus. In particular, AT-1 sTg animals displayed a marked delay in Golgi-to-plasma membrane protein trafficking, significant alterations in Golgi-based N-glycan modification, and a marked expansion of the lysosomal network. Collectively our results indicate that AT-1 is essential to maintain proper organization and engagement of the secretory pathway.
The role of dorsolateral and ventromedial prefrontal cortex in the processing of emotional dimensions
Authors: Nejati Vahid , Majdi Reyhaneh , Salehinejad Mohammad Ali , Nitsche Michael A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe ventromedial and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex are two major prefrontal regions that usually interact in serving different cognitive functions. On the other hand, these regions are also involved in cognitive processing of emotions but their contribution to emotional processing is not well-studied. In the present study, we investigated the role of these regions in three dimensions (valence, arousal and dominance) of emotional processing of stimuli via ratings of visual stimuli performed by the study participants on these dimensions. Twenty- two healthy adult participants (mean age 25.21 ± 3.84 years) were recruited and received anodal and sham transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) (1.5 mA, 15 min) over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) in three separate sessions with an at least 72-h interval. During stimulation, participants underwent an emotional task in each stimulation condition. The task included 100 visual stimuli and participants were asked to rate them with respect to valence, arousal, and dominance. Results show a significant effect of stimulation condition on different aspects of emotional processing. Specifically, anodal tDCS over the dlPFC significantly reduced valence attribution for positive pictures. In contrast, anodal tDCS over the vmPFC significantly reduced arousal ratings. Dominance ratings were not affected by the intervention. Our results suggest that the dlPFC is involved in control and regulation of valence of emotional experiences, while the vmPFC might be involved in the extinction of arousal caused by emotional stimuli. Our findings implicate dimension-specific processing of emotions by different prefrontal areas which has implications for disorders characterized by emotional disturbances such as anxiety or mood disorders.
A dynamic modelling analysis of the impact of tobacco control programs on population-level nicotine dependence
Authors: Skinner Adam , Occhipinti Jo-An , Osgood Nathaniel D. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAccording to the ‘hardening hypothesis’, average nicotine dependence will increase as less dependent smokers quit relatively easily in response to effective public health interventions, so that sustained progress in reducing smoking prevalence will depend on shifting the emphasis of tobacco control programs towards intensive treatment of heavily dependent smokers (who comprise an increasing fraction of continuing smokers). We used a system dynamics model of smoking behaviour to explore the potential for hardening in a population of smokers exposed to effective tobacco control measures over an extended period. Policy-induced increases in the per capita cessation rate are shown to lead inevitably to a decline in the proportion of smokers who are heavily dependent, contrary to the hardening hypothesis. Changes in smoking behaviour in Australia over the period 2001‒2016 resulted in substantial decreases in current smoking prevalence (from 23.1% in 2001 to 14.6% in 2016) and the proportion of heavily dependent smokers in the smoking population (from 52.1% to 36.9%). Public health interventions that have proved particularly effective in reducing smoking prevalence (tobacco tax increases, smoke-free environment legislation, antismoking mass media campaigns) are expected to also contribute to a decline in population-level nicotine dependence.
On the generation of internal waves by river plumes in subcritical initial conditions
Authors: Mendes R. , da Silva J. C. B. , Magalhaes J. M. , St-Denis B. , Bourgault D. , Pinto J. , Dias J. M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractInternal waves (IWs) in the ocean span across a wide range of time and spatial scales and are now acknowledged as important sources of turbulence and mixing, with the largest observations having 200 m in amplitude and vertical velocities close to 0.5 m s−1. Their origin is mostly tidal, but an increasing number of non-tidal generation mechanisms have also been observed. For instance, river plumes provide horizontally propagating density fronts, which were observed to generate IWs when transitioning from supercritical to subcritical flow. In this study, satellite imagery and autonomous underwater measurements are combined with numerical modeling to investigate IW generation from an initial subcritical density front originating at the Douro River plume (western Iberian coast). These unprecedented results may have important implications in near-shore dynamics since that suggest that rivers of moderate flow may play an important role in IW generation between fresh riverine and coastal waters.
Study of the active ingredients and mechanism of Sparganii rhizoma in gastric cancer based on HPLC-Q-TOF–MS/MS and network pharmacology
Authors: Lu Xiaona , Zheng Yawei , Wen Fang , Huang Wenjie , Chen Xiaoxue , Ruan Shuai , Gu Suping , Hu Yue , Teng Yuhao , Shu Peng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSparganii rhizoma (SL) has potential therapeutic effects on gastric cancer (GC), but its main active ingredients and possible anticancer mechanism are still unclear. In this study, we used HPLC-Q-TOF–MS/MS to comprehensively analyse the chemical components of the aqueous extract of SL. On this basis, a network pharmacology method incorporating target prediction, gene function annotation, and molecular docking was performed to analyse the identified compounds, thereby determining the main active ingredients and hub genes of SL in the treatment of GC. Finally, the mRNA and protein expression levels of the hub genes of GC patients were further analysed by the Oncomine, GEPIA, and HPA databases. A total of 41 compounds were identified from the aqueous extract of SL. Through network
analysis, we identified seven main active ingredients and ten hub genes: acacetin, sanleng acid, ferulic acid, methyl 3,6-dihydroxy-2-[(2-hydroxyphenyl) ethynyl]benzoate, caffeic acid, adenine nucleoside, azelaic acid and PIK3R1, PIK3CA, SRC, MAPK1, AKT1, HSP90AA1, HRAS, STAT3, FYN, and RHOA. The results indicated that SL might play a role in GC treatment by controlling the PI3K-Akt and other signalling pathways to regulate biological processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and angiogenesis in tumour cells. In conclusion, this study used HPLC-Q-TOF–MS/MS combined with a network pharmacology approach to provide an essential reference for identifying the chemical components of SL and its mechanism of action in the treatment of GC.
Effect of gasoline additive on combustion and emission characteristics of an n-butanol Partially Premixed Compression Ignition engine under different parameters
Authors: Lu An , Zhang Chunhua , Ji Peng , Li Yangyang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe experiments were conducted on a modified two-cylinder diesel engine to investigate the effects of excess-air coefficient (λ) and intake temperature (Tin) of different blending ratios (volume ratio of gasoline in the blends) on the combustion and emission characteristics of a Partially Premixed Compression Ignition (PPCI) engine. The results show that with the increase of gasoline blending ratio, the peak in-cylinder pressure (Pmax), the peak in-cylinder temperature (Tmax) and the peak heat release rate (HRRmax) of four test fuels all increase first and then decrease. When gasoline volume fraction is 10%, HC and CO emissions are the lowest. In addition, intake temperature (Tin) has a significant effect on the n-butanol/gasoline PPCI engine. With the increase of Tin, the in-cylinder Pmax and HRRmax of four test fuels gradually increase, the combustion phase advances and HC and CO emissions decrease, while NOx emissions increase slightly. Furthermore, as λ increases, the Pmax, Tmax and HRRmax of the four test fuels show monotonously reducing trend. At the same time, mixture concentration has basically no effect on start of combustion (CA10), the combustion duration (CD) gradually extends, and HC and CO emissions increase.
Improving ensiling characteristics by adding lactic acid bacteria modifies in vitro digestibility and methane production of forage-sorghum mixture silage
Authors: Kaewpila Chatchai , Gunun Pongsatorn , Kesorn Piyawit , Subepang Sayan , Thip-uten Suwit , Cai Yimin , Pholsen Suradej , Cherdthong Anusorn , Khota Waroon 
Published: January 2021

AbstractImproving the nutrition of livestock is an important aspect of global food production sustainability. This study verified whether lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculant could promote ensiling characteristics, nutritive value, and in vitro enteric methane (CH4) mitigation of forage sorghum (FS) mixture silage in attacking malnutrition in Zebu beef cattle. The FS at the soft dough stage, Cavalcade hay (CH), and cassava chip (CC) were obtained. The treatments were designed as a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design. Factor A was FS prepared without or with CH, CC, and CH + CC. Factor B was untreated or treated with Lactobacillus casei TH14. The results showed that all FS mixture silages preserved well with lower pH values below 4.0 and higher lactic acid contents above 56.4 g/kg dry matter (DM). Adding LAB boosted the lactic acid content of silages. After 24 h and 48 h of in vitro rumen incubation, the CC-treated silage increased in vitro DM digestibility (IVDMD) with increased total gas production and CH4 production. The LAB-treated silage increased IVDMD but decreased CH4 production. Thus, the addition of L. casei TH14 inoculant could improve lactic acid fermentation, in vitro digestibility, and CH4 mitigation in the FS mixture silages.
Influence of machine learning membership functions and degree of membership function on each input parameter for simulation of reactors
Authors: Pelalak Rasool , Nakhjiri Ali Taghvaie , Marjani Azam , Rezakazemi Mashallah , Shirazian Saeed 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTo understand impact of input and output parameters during optimization and degree of complexity, in the current study we numerically designed a bubble column reactor with a single sparger in the middle of the reactor. After that, some input and output parameters were selected in the post-processing of the numerical method, and then the machine learning observation started to investigate the level of complexity and impact of each input on output parameters. The adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) method was exploited as a machine learning approach to analyze the gas–liquid flow in the reactor. The ANFIS method was used as a machine learning approach to simulate the flow of a 3D (three-dimensional) bubble column reactor. This model was also used to analyze the influence of input and output parameters together. More specifically, by analyzing the degree of membership functions as a function of each input, the level of complexity of gas fraction was investigated as a function of computing nodes (X, Y, and Z directions). The results showed that a higher number of membership functions results in a better understanding of the process and higher model accuracy and prediction capability. X and Y computing nodes have a similar impact on the gas fraction, while Z computing points (height of reactor) have a uniform distribution of membership function across the column. Four membership functions (MFs) in each input parameter are insufficient to predict the gas fraction in the 3D bubble column reactor. However, by adding two membership functions, all features of gas fraction in the 3D reactor can be captured by the machine learning algorithm. Indeed, the degree of MFs was considered as a function of each input parameter and the effective parameter was found based on the impact of MFs on the output.
Application of multiparametric MR imaging to predict the diversification of renal function in miR29a-mediated diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Su Chia-Hao , Hsu Yung-Chien , Thangudu Suresh , Chen Wei-Yu , Huang Yu-Ting , Yu Chun-Chieh , Shih Ya-Hsueh , Wang Ching-Jen , Lin Chun-Liang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDiabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the major leading cause of kidney failure. To identify the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD), renal function/fibrosis is playing a crucial role. Unfortunately, lack of sensitivities/specificities of available clinical biomarkers are key major issues for practical healthcare applications to identify the renal functions/fibrosis in the early stage of DN. Thus, there is an emerging approach such as therapeutic or diagnostic are highly desired to conquer the CKD at earlier stages. Herein, we applied and examined the application of dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) to identify the progression of fibrosis between wild type (WT) and miR29a transgenic (Tg) mice during streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. Further, we also validate the potential renoprotective role of miR29a to maintain the renal perfusion, volume, and function. In addition, Ktrans values of DCE-MRI and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of DWI could significantly reflect the level of fibrosis between WT and Tg mice at identical conditions. As a result, we strongly believed that the present non-invasive MR imaging platforms have potential to serveas an important tool in research and clinical imaging for renal fibrosis in diabetes, and that microenvironmental changes could be identified by MR imaging acquisition prior to histological biopsy and diabetic podocyte dysfunction.
Continuity in intuition and insight: from real to naturalistic virtual environment
Authors: Eskinazi M. , Giannopulu I. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntuition and insight can be deployed on the same continuum. Intuition is the unconscious ability to create links between information; insight is a process by which a sudden comprehension and resolution of a situation arises (i.e. euréka). In the present study, real and virtual environments were used to trigger intuition and insight. The study hypothesised that immersion in real primed environments would facilitate the emergence of intuition and insight in a virtual environment. Forty nine healthy participants were randomly assigned to two groups: “primed” and “non primed.” “Primed” participants were immersed in a real environment with olfactory and visual cues; “non primed” participants did not receive any cues. All participants were exposed to a 3D naturalistic virtual environment which represented a district in Paris via a Head Mounted Display (HMD). Locations presented in the virtual scene (i.e. café places) were related to both olfactory and visual primes (i.e. café) and were based on the continuity between real and virtual environments. Once immersed in the virtual environment, all participants were instructed to use their intuition to envision the selected locations during which Skin Conductance Responses (SCRs) and verbal declarations were recorded. When initiation (a) and immersion (b) phases in the virtual environment were considered, “primed” participants had higher SCRs during the immersion phase than the initiation phase in the virtual environment. They showed higher SRCs during the first part of the virtual immersion than “non primed” participants. During the phenomenological interview, “primed” participants reported a higher number of correct intuitive answers than “non primed” participants. Moreover, “primed” participants “with” insight had higher SCRs during real environment immersion than “primed” participants “without” insight. The findings are consistent with the idea that intuitive decisions in various tasks are based on the activation of pre-existing knowledge, which is unconsciously retrieved, but nevertheless can elicit an intuitive impression of coherence and can generate insight.
Ongoing ecological and evolutionary consequences by the presence of transgenes in a wild cotton population
Authors: Vázquez-Barrios Valeria , Boege Karina , Sosa-Fuentes Tania Gabriela , Rojas Patricia , Wegier Ana 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAfter 25 years of genetically modified cotton cultivation in Mexico, gene flow between transgenic individuals and their wild relatives represents an opportunity for analysing the impacts of the presence of novel genes in ecological and evolutionary processes in natural conditions. We show comprehensive empirical evidence on the physiological, metabolic, and ecological effects of transgene introgression in wild cotton, Gossypium hirsutum. We report that the expression of both the cry and cp4-epsps genes in wild cotton under natural conditions altered extrafloral nectar inducibility and thus, its association with different ant species: the dominance of the defensive species Camponotus planatus in Bt plants, the presence of cp4-epsps without defence role of Monomorium ebeninum ants, and of the invasive species Paratrechina longicornis in wild plants without transgenes. Moreover, we found an increase in herbivore damage to cp4-epsps plants. Our results reveal the influence of transgene expression on native ecological interactions. These findings can be useful in the design of risk assessment methodologies for genetically modified organisms and the in situ conservation of G. hirsutum metapopulations.
Analysis of early failure rate and its risk factor with 2157 total ankle replacements
Authors: Lee Jung Woo , Im Woo-Young , Song Si Young , Choi Jae-Young , Kim Sung Jae 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe failure rate of TAA is still higher than that of other joint replacement procedures. This study aimed to calculate the early failure rate and identify associated patient factors. Data from the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database from 2009 to 2017 were collected. We evaluated patients who had TAA as a primary surgical procedure. Early failure was defined as conversion to revision TAA or arthrodesis after primary TAA within five years. Patients with early failure after primary TAA were designated as the “Failure group”. Patients without early failure and who were followed up unremarkably for at least five years after primary TAA were designated as the “No failure group”. Overall, 2157 TAA participants were included. During the study period, 197 patients developed failure within five years postoperatively, for an overall failure rate of 9.1%. Significant risk factors for early failure were history of chronic pulmonary disease, diabetes, peripheral vascular disease, hyperlipidemia, dementia, and alcohol abuse. A significant increase of odds ratio was found in patients with a history of dementia, chronic pulmonary disease, and diabetes. Surgical indications and preoperative patient counseling should consider these factors.