bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prilezhaev epoxidation of oleic acid in the presence and absence of ultrasound irradiation
Authors: Freites Aguilera Adriana , Hämäläinen Roosa , Eränen Kari , Tolvanen Pasi , Salmi Tapio 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDEpoxidation of double bonds in vegetable oils provide valuable green intermediates for the chemical industry. The epoxidation of oleic acid with hydrogen peroxide according to the Prilezhaev principle was studied experimentally in a multiphase laboratory‐scale batch reactor operated isothermally at 50 °C and atmospheric pressure. A solid cation exchanger (Amberlite IR‐120) was used as the solid catalyst to enhance the slow step in the Prilezhaev process: the in situ formation of the epoxidation agent, peracetic acid, from hydrogen peroxide and acetic acid. A rotating basket stirrer was used to suppress the external mass transfer limitations and to guarantee a turbulent random flow in the vicinity of the catalyst particles. Kinetic experiments demonstrated the catalytic effect of the cation exchanger. Several experiments were performed in the presence and absence of ultrasound irradiation at different amplitudes.RESULTSThe exposure of ultrasound irradiation on the multiphase reaction mixture impaired the conversion of the double bonds and the yield of the epoxide, compared to a reference experiment conducted under silent conditions. Catalyst characterization by scanning electron microscopy and the determination of the acid sites in recycled catalyst samples confirmed that the main reason for deactivation was leaching and/or neutralization of the sulfonic acid groups from the solid catalyst matrix.CONCLUSIONSThe application of ultrasound at different input powers resulted in lower reaction yields compared to the silent reference experiment. This observation was attributed to deactivation of the catalyst caused by leaching and/or neutralization of the sulfonic groups promoted by ultrasound exposure. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
FO‐SPR biosensor calibrated with recombinant extracellular vesicles enables specific and sensitive detection directly in complex matrices
Authors: Yildizhan Yagmur , Vajrala Venkata Suresh , Geeurickx Edward , Declerck Charles , Duskunovic Nevena , De Sutter Delphine , Noppen Sam , Delport Filip , Schols Dominique , Swinnen Johannes V. , Eyckerman Sven , Hendrix An , Lammertyn Jeroen , Spasic Dragana 
Published: February 2021

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) have drawn huge attention for diagnosing myriad of diseases, including cancer. However, the EV detection and analyses procedures often lack much desired sample standardization. To address this, we used well‐characterized recombinant EVs (rEVs) for the first time as a biological reference material in developing a fiber optic surface plasmon resonance (FO‐SPR) bioassay. In this context, EV binding on the FO‐SPR probes was achieved only with EV‐specific antibodies (e.g. anti‐CD9 and anti‐CD63) but not with non‐specific anti‐IgG. To increase detection sensitivity, we tested six different combinations of EV‐specific antibodies in a sandwich bioassay. Calibration curves were generated with two most effective combinations (anti‐CD9/Banti‐CD81 and anti‐CD63/Banti‐CD9), resulting in 103 and 104 times higher sensitivity than the EV concentration in human blood plasma from healthy or cancer patients, respectively. Additionally, by using anti‐CD63/Banti‐CD9, we detected rEVs spiked in cell culture medium and HEK293 endogenous EVs in the same matrix without any prior EV purification or enrichment. Lastly, we selectively captured breast cancer cell EVs spiked in blood plasma using anti‐EpCAM antibody on the FO‐SPR surface. The obtained results combined with FO‐SPR real‐time monitoring, fast response time and ease of operation, demonstrate its outstanding potential for EV quantification and analysis.
Investigating the brain structural connectome following working memory training in children born extremely preterm or extremely low birth weight
Authors: Kelly Claire E. , Harding Rebecca , Lee Katherine J. , Pascoe Leona , Josev Elisha K. , Spencer‐Smith Megan M. , Adamson Chris , Beare Richard , Nosarti Chiara , Roberts Gehan , Doyle Lex W. , Seal Marc L. , Thompson Deanne K. , Anderson Peter J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractChildren born extremely preterm (EP, <28 weeks’ gestation) or extremely low birth weight (ELBW, <1,000 g) are a vulnerable population at high risk of working memory impairments. We aimed to examine changes in the brain structural connectivity networks thought to underlie working memory performance, after completion of a working memory training program (Cogmed) compared with a placebo program in EP/ELBW children. This was a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled randomized trial (the Improving Memory in a Preterm Randomised Intervention Trial). Children born EP/ELBW received either the Cogmed or placebo program at 7 years of age (n = 91). A subset of children had magnetic resonance imaging of the brain immediately pre‐ and 2 weeks post‐training (Cogmed n = 28; placebo n = 27). T1‐weighted and diffusion‐weighted images were used to perform graph theoretical analysis of structural connectivity networks. Changes from pre‐training to post‐training in structural connectivity metrics were generally similar between randomized groups. There was little evidence that changes in structural connectivity metrics were related to changes in working memory performance from pre‐ to post‐training. Overall, our results provide little evidence that the Cogmed working memory training program has training‐specific effects on structural connectivity networks in EP/ELBW children.
Role of cognitive absorption in building user trust and experience
Authors: Balakrishnan Janarthanan , Dwivedi Yogesh K. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe growth of artificial intelligence (AI) and its applications in business has proliferated in recent years. Businesses have started adopting various technology practices relevant to automation and AI, and research investigating this phenomenon is becoming increasingly important. Taking this as a cue, the present research investigates the effect of human‐to‐machine interaction and human‐to‐human interaction towards cognitive absorption and its subsequent effect on trust, experience, and continuation intention in the context of services. The study built a 3 × 3 factorial design with automated chatbots (machine interaction) and service executives (human interaction) used as a stimulus in the experiment. Data collected from 410 respondents were analyzed using structural equation modeling to test the proposed hypotheses. The findings indicated that human‐to‐machine interaction influences cognitive absorption more positively compared to human‐to‐human interactions. The study results also provide evidence for the role of the trust, experience, and technology continuation intention in a technology background rooted in human‐machine interactions. The present study adds a valuable contribution to the existing literature relevant to human‐to‐machine interaction, cognitive absorption, trust, experience, and continuation intention. The study also provides valuable inputs to technology and marketing managers.
Quantification of the geometric uncertainty when using implanted markers as a surrogate for lung tumor motion
Authors: Hardcastle Nicholas , Briggs Adam , Caillet Vincent , Angelis Giorgios , Chrystall Danielle , Jayamanne Dasantha , Shepherd Meegan , Harris Ben , Haddad Carol , Eade Thomas , Keall Paul , Booth Jeremy 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundFiducial markers are used as surrogates for tumor location during radiation therapy treatment. Developments in lung fiducial marker and implantation technology have provided a means to insert markers endobronchially for tracking of lung tumors. This study quantifies the surrogacy uncertainty (SU) when using endobronchially implanted markers as a surrogate for lung tumor position.MethodsWe evaluated SU for 17 patients treated in a prospective electromagnetic‐guided MLC tracking trial. Tumor and markers were segmented on all phases of treatment planning 4DCTs and all frames of pretreatment kilovoltage fluoroscopy acquired from lateral and frontal views. The difference in tumor and marker position relative to end‐exhale position was calculated as the SU for both imaging methods and the distributions of uncertainties analyzed.ResultsThe mean (range) tumor motion amplitude in the 4DCT scan was 5.9 mm (1.7–11.7 mm) in the superior–inferior (SI) direction, 2.2 mm (0.9–5.5 mm) in the left–right (LR) direction, and 3.9 mm (1.2–12.9 mm) in the anterior–posterior (AP) direction. Population‐based analysis indicated symmetric SU centered close to 0 mm, with maximum 5th/95th percentile values over all axes of −2.0 mm/2.1 mm with 4DCT, and −2.3/1.3 mm for fluoroscopy. There was poor correlation between the SU measured with 4DCT and that measured with fluoroscopy on a per‐patient basis. We observed increasing SU with increasing surrogate motion. Based on fluoroscopy analysis, the mean (95% CI) SU was 5% (2%–8%) of the motion magnitude in the SI direction, 16% (6%–26%) of the motion magnitude in the LR direction, and 33% (23%–42%) of the motion magnitude in the AP direction. There was no dependence of SU on marker distance from the tumor.ConclusionWe have quantified SU due to use of implanted markers as surrogates for lung tumor motion. Population 95th percentile range are up to 2.3 mm, indicating the approximate contribution of SU to total geometric uncertainty. SU was relatively small compared with the SI motion, but substantial compared with LR and AP motion. Due to uncertainty in estimations of patient‐specific SU, it is recommended that population‐based margins are used to account for this component of the total geometric uncertainty.
Improving the sensitivity of spin‐echo fMRI at 3T by highly accelerated acquisitions
Authors: Barghoorn Antonia , Riemenschneider Bruno , Hennig Jürgen , LeVan Pierre 
Published: February 2021

PurposeSpin‐echo (SE) functional MRI (fMRI) can be highly advantageous compared to gradient‐echo (GE) fMRI with respect to magnetic field‐inhomogeneity artifacts. However, at 3T, the majority of blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) fMRI experiments are performed using ‐weighted GE sequences because of their superior sensitivity compared to SE‐fMRI. The presented SE implementation of a highly accelerated GE pulse sequence therefore aims to improve the sensitivity of SE‐fMRI while profiting from a reduction of susceptibility‐induced signal dropout.MethodsSpin‐echo MR encephalography (SE‐MREG) is compared with the more conventionally used spin‐echo echo‐planar imaging (SE‐EPI) and spin‐echo simultaneous multislice (SE‐SMS) at 3T in terms of capability to detect neuronal activations and resting‐state functional connectivity. For activation analysis, healthy subjects underwent consecutive SE‐MREG (pulse repetition time [TR] = 0.25 seconds), SE‐SMS (TR = 1.3 seconds), and SE‐EPI (TR = 4.4 seconds) scans in pseudorandomized order applied to a visual block design paradigm for generation of t‐statistics maps. For the investigation of functional connectivity, additional resting‐state data were acquired for 5 minutes and a seed‐based correlation analysis using Stanford’s FIND (Functional Imaging in Neuropsychiatric Disorders) atlas was performed.ResultsThe increased sampling rate of SE‐MREG relative to SE‐SMS and SE‐EPI improves the sensitivity to detect BOLD activation by 33% and 54%, respectively, and increases the capability to extract resting‐state networks. Compared with a brain region that is not affected by magnetic field inhomogeneities, SE‐MREG shows 2.5 times higher relative signal strength than GE‐MREG in mesial temporal structures.ConclusionSE‐MREG offers a viable possibility for whole‐brain fMRI with consideration of brain regions that are affected by strong susceptibility‐induced magnetic field gradients.
Zoonotic diseases: New directions in human–animal pathology
Authors: Bendrey Robin , Martin Debra 
Published: February 2021

AbstractZoonotic diseases—human diseases of animal origin—represent one of the world's greatest health challenges, both today and in the past. Since the Neolithic, zoonotic diseases have been one of the major factors shaping and influencing human adaptation. Archaeology is ideally situated to provide the long view on human–animal–pathogen relationships through combining cultural, environmental and biological datasets, yet long‐term studies of linked human and animal records have often been overlooked and undertheorized. The seven papers in this special issue “Zoonotic diseases: New directions in human–animal pathology” cover a range of diseases caused by bacterial, viral, and parasitic pathogens, from case studies drawn from across Europe, Asia, Africa and the Americas. They speak to the diversity of human–animal–environment interactions that shaped disease emergence and transmission. They also review methodological advancements relating to disease identification and interpretation and discuss interdisciplinary approaches to effectively investigate these complex processes in the past. This introduction highlights their key themes and outcomes and identifies research priorities moving forward.
The Pediatric Obesity Microbiome and Metabolism Study (POMMS): Methods, Baseline Data, and Early Insights
Authors: McCann Jessica R. , Bihlmeyer Nathan A. , Roche Kimberly , Catherine Cameron , Jawahar Jayanth , Kwee Lydia Coulter , Younge Noelle E. , Silverman Justin , Ilkayeva Olga , Sarria Charles , Zizzi Alexandra , Wootton Janet , Poppe Lisa , Anderson Paul , Arlotto Michelle , Wei Zhengzheng , Granek Joshua A. , Valdivia Raphael H. , David Lawrence A. , Dressman Holly K. , Newgard Christopher B. , Shah Svati H. , Seed Patrick C. , Rawls John F. , Armstrong Sarah C. 
Published: February 2021

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to establish a biorepository of clinical, metabolomic, and microbiome samples from adolescents with obesity as they undergo lifestyle modification.MethodsA total of 223 adolescents aged 10 to 18 years with BMI ≥95th percentile were enrolled, along with 71 healthy weight participants. Clinical data, fasting serum, and fecal samples were collected at repeated intervals over 6 months. Herein, the study design, data collection methods, and interim analysis—including targeted serum metabolite measurements and fecal 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing among adolescents with obesity (n = 27) and healthy weight controls (n = 27)—are presented.ResultsAdolescents with obesity have higher serum alanine aminotransferase, C‐reactive protein, and glycated hemoglobin, and they have lower high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol when compared with healthy weight controls. Metabolomics revealed differences in branched‐chain amino acid–related metabolites. Also observed was a differential abundance of specific microbial taxa and lower species diversity among adolescents with obesity when compared with the healthy weight group.ConclusionsThe Pediatric Metabolism and Microbiome Study (POMMS) biorepository is available as a shared resource. Early findings suggest evidence of a metabolic signature of obesity unique to adolescents, along with confirmation of previously reported findings that describe metabolic and microbiome markers of obesity.
Diagnostics of a large volume pin‐to‐plate atmospheric plasma source for the study of plasma species interactions with cancer cell cultures
Authors: Scally Laurence , Behan Sean , Aguiar de Carvalho Andressa M. , Sarangapani Chaitanya , Tiwari Brijesh , Malone Renee , Byrne Hugh J. , Curtin James , Cullen Patrick J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA large gap pin‐to‐plate, atmospheric‐pressure plasma reactor is demonstrated as means of in vitro study of plasma species interactions with cell cultures. By employing optical emission and optical absorption spectroscopy, we report that the pin‐to‐pate plasma array had an optimal discharge frequency for cell death of 1000 Hz in ambient air for the target cancer cell line, human glioblastoma multiform (U‐251MG). The detected plasma chemistry contained reactive oxygen and nitrogen species including OH, N2, N2+ and O3. We show that by varying the plasma discharge frequency, the plasma chemistry can be tailored to contain up to 8.85 times higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as a factor increase of up to 2.86 for levels of reactive nitrogen species (RNS). At higher frequencies, ROS are more dominant than RNS, which allows for a more dynamic and controlled environment for sample study without modifying the inducer gas conditions. When used for treatment of culture media and cell cultures, variation of the plasma discharge frequency over the range 1000–2500 Hz demonstrated a clear dependence of the responses, with the highest cytotoxic responses observed for 1000 Hz. We propose that the reactor offers a means of studying plasma–cell interactions and possible cofactors such as pro‐drugs and nanoparticles for a large volume of samples and conditions due to the use of well plates.
Combined treatment of ureteropelvic junction obstruction and renal calculi with robot‐assisted laparoscopic pyeloplasty and laser lithotripsy in children: Case report and non‐systematic review of the literature
Authors: Scarcella Simone , Tiroli Marco , Torino Giovanni , Mariscoli Francesca , Cobellis Giovanni , Galosi Andrea Benedetto 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjective(s)The incidence of urinary tract stone disease is steadily increasing in both adult and paediatric populations. This condition develops due to different factors: dietary or metabolic alterations, infection, and congenital anatomic malformations. Standard indications and treatments for children are analogous to the ones indicated for adults. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, ureterorenoscopy and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) should be preferred to more invasive techniques. Moreover, the introduction of laparoscopic and robot‐assisted laparoscopic approaches have improved surgical outcomes, lowering the bleeding risk with higher stone‐free rates, even in complicated cases. Despite these well‐known improvements, there are few reports regarding laparoscopic robot‐assisted management for urinary tract stone disease in paediatric patients under the age of 10, especially with concomitant treatment of ureteropelvic junction obstruction and multiple calyceal stones.Patient and Method(s)A 4‐year‐old child was referred for recurrent right abdominal flank pain, macroscopic haematuria and a previous history of urinary tract infections. A computed tomography of the abdomen showed right ureteropelvic junction obstruction associated with multiple unilateral stones located in the renal pelvis and in the interpolar renal calyces. Due to its complexity, we held a multidisciplinary meeting with paediatric surgeons and nephrologists to determine optimal treatment. As a result, a combined robot‐assisted laparoscopic pyeloplasty (LP) and renal calculi holmium laser lithotripsy using a digital flexible ureteroscope through an abdominal robotic trocar was performed. No post‐surgical complications were recorded, and the patient was discharged within 48 h following surgery. At subsequent regular follow‐up examinations over a period of 24 months, no signs of recurrence were detected for both ureteropelvic junction obstruction and stone disease.Result(s)Robot‐assisted LP with concomitant laser lithotripsy is a reasonable treatment option for designated young paediatric patients with challenging ureteropelvic junction obstruction complicated by urolithiasis, especially in cases where stones are not amenable with standard procedures.
Inhibition Effect and Mechanism of Na2SnO3‐Ethylene Glycol Hybrid Additives on 1060 Aluminum in Alkaline Aluminum‐Air Batteries
Authors: Ma Chuanchuan , Hu Chaoquan , Xu Xuebing , Song Yang , Shao Mingyuan , Lin Jiachen , Jiang Zhicheng 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAluminum electrodes undergo severe hydrogenation and self‐corrosion in alkaline solutions. Here, a novel inorganic‐organic hybrid corrosion inhibitor, constituted by Na2SnO3 and ethylene glycol, was formulated. Electrochemical tests demonstrated that the inhibitor could effectively suppress the self‐corrosion at the anode, increasing the anode utilization from ∼16 % to ∼43 % and the specific energy density from ∼543 to 1577 Wh kg−1. Moreover, a relatively stable discharge effect was observed. Based on surface morphology analysis, a mechanism for the deposition of Na2SnO3 and ethylene glycol on the surface of the aluminum electrode was proposed. It was suggested that the presence of ethylene glycol is conducive to a more uniform and denser deposition of tin on the surface of the aluminum electrode, a condition that can inhibit corrosion more efficiently as well as improve the discharge effect. The analysis of the entire adsorption energy using the Vienna ab initio simulation package supported this hypothesis.
A review of 80 assessment tools measuring water security
Authors: Octavianti Thanti , Staddon Chad 
Published: February 2021

AbstractScholars and practitioners have been working on methodologies to measure water security at a variety of scale and focus. In this paper, we critically examine the landscape of water security metrics, discussing the progress and gaps of this rich scholarship. We reviewed a total of 107 publications consisting of 17 conceptual papers and 90 methodological papers that propose 80 metrics to measure water security and observed that there are two dominant research clusters in this field: experiential scale‐based metrics and resource‐based metrics. The former mainly focus on measuring the water experiences of households and its impact on human well‐being, while the majority of the latter assess freshwater availability or water resources security. We compare their approaches and the arguments used to develop them. We posit that the more local the scale and the more specific the water domain, the more meaningful results that the metrics can provide. Acknowledging the interrelationship between different water domains (e.g., water resources and water hazards) is important, but their aggregation for measurement may be problematic. We offer our views on future work in this field relating to topics beyond water, the need to conduct validation tests, and collaboration among academics and with other stakeholders.This article is categorized under:
Human Water > Human Water
CONSTRUCTIVE NONCOMMMUTATIVE INVARIANT THEORY
Authors: DOMOKOS MÁTYÁS , DRENSKY VESSELIN 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe problem of finding generators of the subalgebra of invariants under the action of a group of automorphisms of a finite-dimensional Lie algebra on its universal enveloping algebra is reduced to finding homogeneous generators of the same group acting on the symmetric tensor algebra of the Lie algebra. This process is applied to prove a constructive Hilbert–Nagata Theorem (including degree bounds) for the algebra of invariants in a Lie nilpotent relatively free associative algebra endowed with an action induced by a representation of a reductive group.