bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical properties and compressibility of quail eggshell nanopowder with heat treatment temperature variations
Authors: Puspitasari Poppy , Chairil Muhammad , Sukarni Sukarni , Supriyanto Nicky Suwandhy Widhi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis research aimed to determine the effect of heat treatment temperature variations on the physical properties and the quail eggshell’s compressibility. The quail eggshells was obtained from the waste of restaurants and market traders and processed into powder form by ball milling method for 10 h and sintered at 900 °C, 1000 °C, and 1100 °C, a holding time of 1 h. The samples were characterized using x-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and Pressure test for the compressibility result. The results showed that after the heat treatment process, the calcium carbonate phase (CaCO3) was transformed into calcium oxide (CaO). The crystal size on raw material was 52.18 nm and no more than 50 nm in all heat treatment samples. Morphology of eggshells showed variations in the size and shape of grains such as round, rod, and square. Whereas the compressibility test results showed that the addition of charging to the test conducted increased the compressibility value (density). The results also showed physical properties such as pore size and grain size affected quail eggshells’ compressibility value.
Carbon price dynamics in ambitious climate mitigation scenarios: an analysis based on the IAMC 1.5 °C scenario explorer
Authors: Meyer Mark , Löschel Andreas , Lutz Christian 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We analyse global carbon price trajectories from integrated assessment studies of 2 °C and below-compatible emission pathways based on a new scenario ensemble that has been made publicly available together with other relevant data sets in the IAMC 1.5 °C Scenario Explorer. We complement and extent the findings of the initial study on carbon price variations in integrated assessment models of (Guivarch and Rogelji 2017 Carbon price variations in 2 °C scenarios explored, Carbon Pricing Leadership Coalition) by providing a broader and more robust empirical assessment based on a comprehensive statistical analysis. We discuss the prospects and challenges of in‐depth bivariate econometric analyses of key impact factors in data sets from integrated assessment models. We show that the amount of meta‐information reported for individual models differs significantly across all variables where a large part of all recorded scenario explorer variables can be attributed to only a small number of applied models. We analyse the trend patterns emerging from the analysed global carbon price trajectories based on a statistical trend identification procedure. About half of the analysed carbon price projections seem to be best characterised by long run exponential growth patterns in carbon prices. Moreover, we break down the explanatory contribution of individual components on global carbon prices by the Kaya identity, i.e. global GDP, primary energy intensity and emission intensity. We show that the price of carbon is lower in baseline scenarios with faster economic growth per capita, low‐energy consumption patterns and high potentials for low carbon technologies compared to fossil fuels. In contrast to previous findings, the observed carbon price developments are impacted much more strongly by scenario‐specific than by model‐specific influences. Next to the diagnostic indicators for models, further indicators for the categorization of scenarios describing key context and policy parameterisations applied in individual model runs should be developed and included in descriptions of integrated assessment studies.
Autologous Fat Grafting for Oncologic Patients: A Literature Review
Authors: Seitz Allison J , Asaad Malke , Hanson Summer E , Butler Charles E , Largo Rene D 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Autologous fat grafting (AFG) serves as an effective method to address volume defects, contour irregularities, and asymmetry in both aesthetic and reconstructive procedures. In recent years, there has been growing concern about the potential of cancer recurrence and interference with cancer surveillance in oncologic patients receiving AFG. The adipose tissue contains adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), a specific type of mesenchymal stem cells, that facilitate secretion of numerous growth factors which in turn stimulate tissue regeneration and angiogenesis. As such, it has been theorized that ASCs may also have the potential to stimulate cancer cell proliferation and growth when used in oncologic patients. Multiple research studies have demonstrated the ability of ACSs to facilitate tumor proliferation in animal models. However, clinical research in oncologic patients has yielded contradictory findings. Although the literature pertaining to oncologic safety in head and neck, as well as sarcoma, cancer patients remains limited, studies demonstrate no increased risk of tumor recurrence in these patient populations receiving AFG. Similarly, both the efficacy and safety of AFG have been well established in breast cancer patients through numerous clinical studies. More recently, preclinical research in animal models has shown that AFG has the potential to facilitate tissue regeneration and improve joint contracture following irradiation. Ultimately, further research is needed to elucidate the safety of AFG in a variety of oncologic patients, as well as explore its use in tissue regeneration, particularly in the setting of radiotherapy.
Level of Evidence: 4
UMI4Cats: an R package to analyze chromatin contact profiles obtained by UMI-4C
Authors: Ramos-Rodríguez Mireia , Subirana-Granés Marc , Pasquali Lorenzo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Motivation
UMI-4C, a technique that combines chromosome conformation capture (4C) and unique molecular identifiers (UMI), is widely used to profile and quantitatively compare targeted chromosomal contact profiles. The analysis of UMI-4C experiments presents several computational challenges, including the removal of the PCR duplication bias and the identification of differential chromatin contacts.

Results
We have developed UMI4Cats (UMI-4C Analysis Turned Simple), an R package that facilitates processing, analyzing and visualizing of data obtained by UMI-4C experiments.

Availability and implementation
UMI4Cats is implemented as an R package supported on Linux, MacOS and MS Windows. UMI4Cats is available from Bioconductor (https://www.bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/UMI4Cats.html) and GitHub (https://github.com/Pasquali-lab/UMI4Cats).

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Multiresponse Optimization of HPLC Method: Simultaneous Estimation of Protease Inhibitors and NNRTI in Human Plasma
Authors: Ganna Anitha , Vaithiyanathan Sree Janardhanan , V P Pandey , P Venkatesan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Multiresponse optimization approach to develop a simple isocratic, highly sensitive and accurate HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of Efavirenz, Atazanavir, Lopinavir and Ritonavir in human blood plasma along with carvedilol as an internal standard. Optimized the factors (ACN, buffer concentration and flow rate) effecting and interacting with the responses (k1, Rs2,1, Rs3,2 and tR5) applying Central Composite Design a chemometric tool. All the mathematical models as well as response surfaces were defined and derived for the separation using this strategy. Chromatography was performed on Thermo Hypersil C18 column using mobile phase comprising of ACN: 10 mM KH2PO4 (51.2:48.8) with 1 mL min−1 flow rate and detection wavelength was fixed at 210 nm. The analysis time was within 9 min. The method developed was validated by following “Bioanalytical method validation” [USFDA-CDER, 2001]. The developed method can be applied for bioavailability and pharmacokinetic studies.
2D high resolution vs. 3D whole heart myocardial perfusion cardiovascular magnetic resonance
Authors: Nazir Muhummad Sohaib , Shome Joy , Villa Adriana D M , Ryan Matthew , Kassam Ziyan , Razavi Reza , Kozerke Sebastian , Ismail Tevfik F , Perera Divaka , Chiribiri Amedeo , Plein Sven 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Aims
Developments in myocardial perfusion cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) allow improvements in spatial resolution and/or myocardial coverage. Whole heart coverage may provide the most accurate assessment of myocardial ischaemic burden, while high spatial resolution is expected to improve detection of subendocardial ischaemia. The objective of this study was to compare myocardial ischaemic burden as depicted by 2D high resolution and 3D whole heart stress myocardial perfusion in patients with coronary artery disease.

Methods and results
Thirty-eight patients [age 61 ± 8 (21% female)] underwent 2D high resolution (spatial resolution 1.2 mm2) and 3D whole heart (in-plane spatial resolution 2.3 mm2) stress CMR at 3-T in randomized order. Myocardial ischaemic burden (%) was visually quantified as perfusion defect at peak stress perfusion subtracted from subendocardial myocardial scar and expressed as a percentage of the myocardium. Median myocardial ischaemic burden was significantly higher with 2D high resolution compared with 3D whole heart [16.1 (2.0–30.6) vs. 13.4 (5.2–23.2), P = 0.004]. There was excellent agreement between myocardial ischaemic burden (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.81; P &lt; 0.0001), with mean ratio difference between 2D high resolution vs. 3D whole heart 1.28 ± 0.67 (95% limits of agreement −0.03 to 2.59). When using a 10% threshold for a dichotomous result for presence or absence of significant ischaemia, there was moderate agreement between the methods (κ = 0.58, P &lt; 0.0001).

Conclusion
2D high resolution and 3D whole heart myocardial perfusion stress CMR are comparable for detection of ischaemia. 2D high resolution gives higher values for myocardial ischaemic burden compared with 3D whole heart, suggesting that 2D high resolution is more sensitive for detection of ischaemia.
Resistant hyponatraemia in a patient with follicular lymphoma and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: a case report
Authors: Butler Jennifer , Miro Firas , Al-Mohammad Abdallah 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Hyponatraemia is a common problem in patients with heart failure. It can be difficult to treat, especially in the presence of the patient’s needs for diuresis and manipulation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS).

Case summary
This concerns a 74-year-old woman with follicular lymphoma and severe global left ventricular systolic dysfunction secondary to treatment with R-CHOP chemotherapy. She presented a difficult challenge in the management of her decompensated heart failure alongside hyponatraemia as low as 113 mmol/L. This was resistant to standard treatment. The resistance to usual measures necessitated treatment with Tolvaptan, a selective arginine vasopressin V2 inhibitor used to treat hyponatraemia in syndrome of inappropriate anti-diuretic hormone. This, along with a strict fluid restriction of 500 mL/day, resolved the patient’s hyponatraemia and enabled her discharge home on tolerated heart failure treatment. She has now remained stable for almost 12 months.

Discussion
The potential causes of hyponatraemia are discussed along with the role of Tolvaptan in its management.
The neural G protein Gαo tagged with GFP at an internal loop is functional in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Kumar Santosh , Olson Andrew C , Koelle Michael R 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Gαo is the alpha subunit of the major heterotrimeric G protein in neurons and mediates signaling by every known neurotransmitter, yet the signaling mechanisms activated by Gαo remain to be fully elucidated. Genetic analysis in Caenorhabditis elegans has shown that Gαo signaling inhibits neuronal activity and neurotransmitter release, but studies of the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects have been limited by lack of tools to complement genetic studies with other experimental approaches. Here, we demonstrate that inserting the green fluorescent protein (GFP) into an internal loop of the Gαo protein results in a tagged protein that is functional in vivo and that facilitates cell biological and biochemical studies of Gαo. Transgenic expression of Gαo-GFP rescues the defects caused by loss of endogenous Gαo in assays of egg laying and locomotion behaviors. Defects in body morphology caused by loss of Gαo are also rescued by Gαo-GFP. The Gαo-GFP protein is localized to the plasma membrane of neurons, mimicking localization of endogenous Gαo. Using GFP as an epitope tag, Gαo-GFP can be immunoprecipitated from C. elegans lysates to purify Gαo protein complexes. The Gαo-GFP transgene reported in this study enables studies involving in vivo localization and biochemical purification of Gαo to compliment the already well-developed genetic analysis of Gαo signaling.
‘I was trying to get there, but I couldn’t’: social norms, vulnerability and lived experiences of home delivery in Mashonaland Central Province, Zimbabwe
Authors: Webb Karen A , Mavhu W , Langhaug L , Chitiyo V , Matyanga P , Charashika P , Patel D , Prost A , Ferrand Rashida A , Bernays S , Cislaghi B , Neuman M 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIncreasing facility-based delivery rates is pivotal to reach Sustainable Development Goals to improve skilled attendance at birth and reduce maternal and neonatal mortality in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The translation of global health initiatives into national policy and programmes has increased facility-based deliveries in LMICs, but little is known about the impact of such policies on social norms from the perspective of women who continue to deliver at home. This qualitative study explores the reasons for and experiences of home delivery among women living in rural Zimbabwe. We analysed qualitative data from 30 semi-structured interviews and 5 focus group discussions with women who had delivered at home in the previous 6 months in Mashonaland Central Province. We found evidence of strong community-level social norms in favour of facility-based delivery. However, despite their expressed intention to deliver at a facility, women described how multiple, interacting vulnerabilities resulted in delivery outside of a health facility. While identified as having delivered ‘at home’, narratives of birth experiences revealed the majority of women in our study delivered ‘on the road’, en route to the health facility. Strong norms for facility-based delivery created punishments and stigmatization for home delivery, which introduced additional risk to women at the time of delivery and in the postnatal period. These consequences for breaking social norms promoting facility-based delivery for all further increased the vulnerability of women who delivered at home or on the road. Our findings highlight that equitable public health policy and programme designs should include efforts to actively identify, mitigate and evaluate unintended consequences of social change created as a by-product of promoting positive health behaviours among those most vulnerable who are unable to comply.
Future Tail Tales: A Forward-Looking, Integrative Perspective on Tail Research
Authors: Schwaner M J , Hsieh S T , Braasch I , Bradley S , Campos C B , Collins C E , Donatelli C M , Fish F E , Fitch O E , Flammang B E , Jackson B E , Jusufi A , Mekdara P J , Patel A , Swalla B J , Vickaryous M , McGowan C P 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSynopsis Tails are a defining characteristic of chordates and show enormous diversity in function and shape. Although chordate tails share a common evolutionary and genetic-developmental origin, tails are extremely versatile in morphology and function. For example, tails can be short or long, thin or thick, and feathered or spiked, and they can be used for propulsion, communication, or balancing, and they mediate in predator–prey outcomes. Depending on the species of animal the tail is attached to, it can have extraordinarily multi-functional purposes. Despite its morphological diversity and broad functional roles, tails have not received similar scientific attention as, for example, the paired appendages such as legs or fins. This forward-looking review article is a first step toward interdisciplinary scientific synthesis in tail research. We discuss the importance of tail research in relation to five topics: (1) evolution and development, (2) regeneration, (3) functional morphology, (4) sensorimotor control, and (5) computational and physical models. Within each of these areas, we highlight areas of research and combinations of long-standing and new experimental approaches to move the field of tail research forward. To best advance a holistic understanding of tail evolution and function, it is imperative to embrace an interdisciplinary approach, re-integrating traditionally siloed fields around discussions on tail-related research.
Plasma concentrations of persistent organic pollutants and pancreatic cancer risk
Authors: Porta Miquel , Gasull Magda , Pumarega José , Kiviranta Hannu , Rantakokko Panu , Raaschou-Nielsen Ole , Bergdahl Ingvar A , Sandanger Torkjel Manning , Agudo Antoni , Rylander Charlotta , Nøst Therese Haugdahl , Donat-Vargas Carolina , Aune Dagfinn , Heath Alicia K , Cirera Lluís , Goñi-Irigoyen Fernando , Alguacil Juan , Giménez-Robert Àlex , Tjønneland Anne , Sund Malin , Overvad Kim , Mancini Francesca Romana , Rebours Vinciane , Boutron-Ruault Marie-Christine , Kaaks Rudolf , Schulze Matthias B , Trichopoulou Antonia , Palli Domenico , Grioni Sara , Tumino Rosario , Naccarati Alessio , Panico Salvatore , Vermeulen Roel , Quirós J Ramón , Rodríguez-Barranco Miguel , Colorado-Yohar Sandra M , Chirlaque María-Dolores , Ardanaz Eva , Wareham Nick , Key Tim , Johansson Mattias , Murphy Neil , Ferrari Pietro , Huybrechts Inge , Chajes Veronique , Gonzalez Carlos Alberto , Bueno-de-Mesquita Bas , Gunter Marc , Weiderpass Elisabete , Riboli Elio , Duell Eric J , Katzke Verena , Vineis Paolo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Findings and limitations of previous studies on persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and pancreatic cancer risk support conducting further research in prospective cohorts.

Methods
We conducted a prospective case-control study nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. Participants were 513 pancreatic cancer cases and 1020 matched controls. Concentrations of 22 POPs were measured in plasma collected at baseline.

Results
Some associations were observed at higher concentrations of p, p’-DDT, trans-nonachlor, β-hexachlorocyclohexane and the sum of six organochlorine pesticides and of 16 POPs. The odds ratio (OR) for the upper quartile of trans-nonachlor was 1.55 (95% confidence interval 1.06-2.26; P for trend = 0.025). Associations were stronger in the groups predefined as most valid (participants having fasted &gt;6 h, with microscopic diagnostic confirmation, normal weight, and never smokers), and as most relevant (follow-up ≥10 years). Among participants having fasted &gt;6 h, the ORs were relevant for 10 of 11 exposures. Higher ORs were also observed among cases with microscopic confirmation than in cases with a clinical diagnosis, and among normal-weight participants than in the rest of participants. Among participants with a follow-up ≥10 years, estimates were higher than in participants with a shorter follow-up (for trans-nonachlor: OR = 2.14, 1.01 to 4.53, P for trend = 0.035). Overall, trans-nonachlor, three PCBs and the two sums of POPs were the exposures most clearly associated with pancreatic cancer risk.

Conclusions
Individually or in combination, most of the 22 POPs analysed did not or only moderately increased the risk of pancreatic cancer.
The Effect of Locomotion Mode on Body Shape Evolution in Teleost Fishes
Authors: Friedman Sarah T , Price Samantha A , Wainwright Peter C 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Teleost fishes vary in their reliance on median and paired fins (MPF) or undulation of the body (BCF) to generate thrust during straight-line, steady swimming. Previous work indicates that swimming mode is associated with different body shapes, though this has never been empirically demonstrated across the diversity of fishes. As the body does not play as active a mechanical role in steady swimming by MPF swimmers, this may relax constraints and spur higher rates of body shape diversification. We test these predictions by measuring the impact of the dominant steady swimming mode on the evolution of body shape across 2295 marine teleost fishes. Aligning with historical expectations, BCF swimmers exhibit a more elongate, slender body shape, while MPF propulsion is associated with deeper and wider body shapes. However, in contrast to expectations, we find that BCF propulsion is associated with higher morphological diversity and greater variance around trait optima. This surprising result is consistent with the interpretation that stronger functional trade-offs stimulate phenotypic evolution, rather than constrain it.
Estimation of Multiple Fixed-Dose Combination Products of Ramipril and Aspirin by GERV-Chromatography Using DoE and Risk-Based Enhanced Analytical Quality by Design Approach
Authors: Prajapati Pintu B , Jayswal Kajal V , Shah Shailesh A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Numerous chromatographic methods have been published for estimation of fixed-dose combinations (FDCs) of aspirin and ramipril with other drugs. But no published report has been found which promotes simultaneous estimation of FDCs of aspirin and ramipril with other drugs using a single chromatography condition.

Objective
Hence, the HPTLC method was developed for simultaneous estimation of FDCs of aspirin and ramipril with the drugs under study to save solvent, cost, and time for analysis using a risk- and DoE-based AQbD approach.

Method
The risk-based AQbD approach was implemented using the risk priority number (RPN) ranking and filtering method as per the ICH Q9 guideline. The DoE-based AQbD approach was applied through a screening study using Placket-Burman design, followed by response surface analysis by Box-Behnken design as per the ICH Q8 guideline.

Results
The risks from critical method risk parameters were mitigated by navigating method operable design ranges and framing the control strategy for the target method. The method was validated as per ICH Q2 (R1) guidelines. The developed method was applied for simultaneous assay of six different FDCs of aspirin and ramipril and results agreed with the label claims.

Conclusions
The developed method is the best alternative to published chromatographic methods for estimation of the FDC products under study and saves solvent, time, and cost of analysis. Hence, the developed “GERV”-chromatography method is found to be green (G), economical (E), robust (R), and versatile (V), for estimation of the said FDC products.

Highlights
Development of GERV-chromatography for simultaneous estimation of multiple FDCs of ramipril and aspirin using a risk-based AQbD approach. Application of the developed method for simultaneous estimation of six different FDC products.