bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictive simulation of concurrent debris flows: How slope failure locations affect predicted damage
Authors: Yamanoi Kazuki , Oishi Satoru , Kawaike Kenji , Nakagawa Hajime 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPredictive simulation of concurrent debris flows using only pre‐disaster information has been difficult, partly because of problems faced in predicting debris‐flow initiation locations (i.e., slope failure). However, because catchment topography has convergent characteristics with all channels in it joining each other as they flow downstream, damage to downstream areas could be predicted using relatively inaccurate initiation points. Based on this hypothesis, this study uses debris‐flow initiation points generated randomly with statistical slope failure prediction and performs a many‐case simulation across numerous initiation points to quantify the effect of slope‐failure locations in terms of deviations in the predicted water level and topographic change. This paper presents the results of 2D simulations based on a conventional debris‐flow model that was run on a supercomputer to realise simulations of many cases. The obtained relative standard deviation was found to decrease as the debris flow and sediment‐laden flood approached the downstream area, indicating that the predictability of the inundation and topographic change can be decided from the terrain characteristics.
Evaluating older adults with cognitive dysfunction: A qualitative study with emergency clinicians
Authors: Chary Anita N. , Castilla‐Ojo Noelle , Joshi Christopher , Santangelo Ilianna , Carpenter Christopher R. , Ouchi Kei , Naik Aanand D. , Liu Shan W. , Kennedy Maura 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundEvaluating older adults with cognitive dysfunction in emergency departments (EDs) requires obtaining collateral information from sources other than the patient. Understanding the challenges emergency clinicians face in obtaining collateral information can inform development of interventions to improve geriatric emergency care and, more specifically, detection of ED delirium. The objective was to understand emergency clinicians' experiences obtaining collateral information on older adults with cognitive dysfunction, both before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsFrom February to May 2021, we conducted semi‐structured interviews with a purposive sample of 22 emergency physicians and advanced practice providers from two urban academic hospitals and one community hospital in the Northeast United States. Interviews lasted 10–20 min and were digitally recorded and transcribed. Interview transcripts were analyzed for dominant themes using a combined deductive–inductive approach. Responses regarding experiences before and during the pandemic were compared.ResultsFive major challenges emerged regarding (1) availability of caregivers, (2) reliability of sources, (3) language barriers, (4) time constraints, and (5) incomplete transfer documentation. Participants perceived all challenges, but those relating to transfer documentation were amplified by the COVID‐19 pandemic.ConclusionEmergency clinicians' perspectives can inform efforts to support caregiver presence at bedside and develop standardized communication tools to improve recognition of delirium and, more broadly, geriatric emergency care.
Cognitive stimulation has potential for brain activation in individuals with Rett syndrome
Authors: Migliorelli C. , Medina‐Rivera I. , Bachiller A. , Tost A. , Alonso J. F. , López‐Sala A. , Armstrong J. , O'Callahan M. d. M. , Pineda M. , Mañanas M. A. , Romero S. , García‐Cazorla Á. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundKnowledge regarding neuropsychological training in Rett syndrome (RS) is scarce. The aim of this study was to assess the outcome and the duration of the effect of cognitive stimulation on topographic electroencephalography (EEG) data in RS.MethodsTwenty female children diagnosed with RS were included in the analysis. Girls with RS conducted a cognitive task using an eye‐tracker designed to evaluate access and choice skills. EEG data were acquired during the experimental procedure including two 10‐min baseline stages before and after the task. Topographical changes of several EEG spectral markers including absolute and relative powers, Brain Symmetry Index and entropy were assessed.ResultsTopographic significance probability maps suggested statistical decreases on delta activity and increases on beta rhythm associated with the cognitive task. Entropy increased during and after the task, likely related to more complex brain activity. A significant positive interaction was obtained between Brain Symmetry Index and age showing that the improvement of interhemispheric symmetry was higher in younger girls (5–10 years).ConclusionsAccording to our findings, significant alterations of brain rhythms were observed during and after cognitive stimulation, suggesting that cognitive stimulation may have effects on brain activity beyond the stimulation period. Finally, our promising results also showed an increase brain symmetry that was especially relevant for the younger group. This could suggest an interaction of the eye‐tracking cognitive task; however, further studies in this field are needed to assess the relation between brain asymmetries and age.
Prevalence, association with systemic inflammatory response syndrome and outcome of stress hyperglycaemia in sick cats
Authors: Frezoulis P. S. , Oikonomidis I. L. , Saridomichelakis M. N. , Kasabalis D. , Pappa A. , Bouza‐Rapti P. , Chochlios T. , Tsouloufi T. K. , Kritsepi‐Konstantinou M. , Soubasis N. 
Published: November 2021

ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of stress hyperglycaemia in sick cats, and to investigate the association of stress hyperglycaemia with systemic inflammatory response syndrome and outcome.Materials and MethodsMedical records (2004 to 2013) from sick cats admitted to the Medicine Unit of a Veterinary Teaching Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Cases were enrolled if a serum glucose measurement and a complete medical record were available. Cats that were healthy, hypoglycaemic, diabetic, sedated or had a previous administration of drugs (apart from vaccination and deworming) were excluded.ResultsThe study included 647 cats; stress hyperglycaemia (serum glucose >8.3 mmol/L) was found in 194 (30%) cats, while 453 (70%) cats were normoglycaemic. The prevalence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome was significantly higher in cats with stress hyperglycaemia (25/174, 14.4%) compared to normoglycaemic cats (26/399, 6.5%). Significantly, more cats with stress hyperglycaemia were hospitalised [97/194 (50.0%)] compared to normoglycaemic cats [171/453 (37.7%)]. However, the median duration of hospitalisation was not significantly different [4 (1 to 26) days and 4 (1 to 24) days, respectively]. The prevalence of cats with negative outcome was not significantly different between the two groups (cats with stress hyperglycaemia: 37.1%, normoglycaemic cats: 33.9%). Nonetheless, when modelling of outcome prediction included breed, age, stress hyperglycaemia and disease category as factors, cats with stress hyperglycaemia had 2.8 times the odds to have a negative outcome (95% confidence interval: 1.3 to 6.4).Clinical SignificanceBased on the cut‐off employed in this study, Stress hyperglycaemia, as defined by the cut‐off is common in sick cats. Stress hyperglycaemia is associated with systemic inflammatory response syndrome development and seem to be a negative prognostic indicator.
Heard, valued, supported? Doctors' wellbeing during transitions triggered by COVID‐19
Authors: Gordon Lisi , Scanlan Gillian M. , Tooman Tricia R. , Walker Kim A. , Cairns Patrick , Ferguson Julie , Aitken Gillian , Cecil Joanne , Cunningham Kathryn B. , Smith Kathrine Gibson , Johnston Peter W. , Laidlaw Anita , Pope Lindsey M. , Wakeling Judy 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionSupporting doctors' wellbeing is crucial for medical education to help minimise negative long‐term impacts on medical workforce retention and ultimately patient care. There is limited study of how doctors' transitions experiences impact wellbeing, particularly socially and culturally. Multiple Multidimensional Transitions (MMT) theory views transitions as dynamic, incorporating multiple contexts and multiple domains. Using MMT as our lens, we report a qualitative analysis of how transitions experienced by doctors during the pandemic impacted on social and cultural aspects of wellbeing.MethodsLongitudinal narrative inquiry was employed, using interviews and audio‐diaries. Data were collected over 6 months in three phases: (i) interviews with doctors from across the career spectrum (n = 98); (ii) longitudinal audio‐diaries for 2–4 months (n = 71); (iii) second interviews (n = 83). Data were analysed abductively, narrowing focus to factors important to social and cultural wellbeing.ResultsDoctors described experiencing multiple interacting transitions triggered by the pandemic in multiple contexts (workplace, role, homelife and education). Patterns identifiable across the dataset allowed us to explore social and cultural wellbeing crosscutting beyond individual experience. Three critical factors contributed to social and cultural wellbeing both positively and negatively: being heard (e.g., by colleagues asking how they are); being valued (e.g., removal of rest spaces by organisations showing lack of value); and being supported (e.g., through regular briefing by education bodies).ConclusionsThis study is the first to longitudinally explore the multiple‐multidimensional transitions experienced by doctors during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Our data analysis helped us move beyond existing perceptions around wellbeing and articulate multiple factors that contribute to social and cultural wellbeing. It is vital that medical educators consider the learning from these experiences to help pinpoint what aspects of support might be beneficial to trainee doctors and their trainers. This study forms the basis for developing evidenced‐based interventions that ensure doctors are heard, valued and supported.
Psychological profile and α‐amylase levels in oral lichen planus patients: A case–control preliminary study
Authors: Simoura Juliana Araújo da Silva , Pires Alessandra Laís Pinho Valente , Alves Lísia Daltro Borges , Arsati Franco , Lima‐Arsati Ynara Bosco de Oliveira , Santos Jean Nunes dos , Freitas Valéria Souza 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate psychological (anxiety, depression, and stress) and salivary (flow and concentration of α‐amylase) profile associated with oral lichen planus.Materials and methodsA case–control preliminary study with oral lichen planus patients and age–gender matched controls was conducted. The participants underwent psychological tests (Beck depression and anxiety inventories and perceived stress scale) and saliva collection to determine the unstimulated salivary flow and α‐amylase levels at three moments along the day. The data were analyzed statistically using Mann–Whitney, McNemar chi‐square and Friedman tests, and the Spearman correlation coefficient. The significance level adopted was 5%.ResultsA total of 46 case–control pairs were recruited. There was a significant correlation between anxiety, depression, stress, and oral lichen planus, as well as the stress and decline of salivary α‐amylase levels. Higher concentrations of this biomarker were found in the case group thirty minutes post‐awakening.ConclusionThe applied psychological tests indicated that factors such as anxiety, depression, and stress were associated with oral lichen planus. Salivary analyses demonstrated a higher concentration of α‐amylase thirty minutes post‐awakening on individuals with the disease and its decline correlated with stress, suggesting the role of α‐amylase as a promising biomarker for future studies.
Changes in visual cortical function in moderately myopic patients: a functional near‐infrared spectroscopy study
Authors: Zhang Ying , Lin Xiao , Bi Ailing , Cao Ning , Zhang Tingyu , Wang Sha , Wen Ying , Bi Hongsheng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposeTo investigate haemoglobin oxygenation in the visual cortex of myopic patients using functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).MethodsThe experiment consisted of two parts. Part 1 examined functional changes in the visual cortex before and after refractive correction in myopic patients. Subjects were divided into normal controls, uncorrected and corrected myopes. Part 2 examined functional changes in the visual cortex caused by lens‐induced myopia in normal subjects, and whether this activity recovered after a period of rest. Here, subjects were divided into three groups: emmetropes, lens‐induced myopia and a rest group. The rest group completed a test with the uncorrected eye following lens removal and 5 min of rest. The visual stimulus was a black and white checkerboard. fNIRS was used to detect changes in oxyhaemoglobin content within the visual cortex. The original fNIRS data were analysed using MATLAB to obtain the β values (the visual cortical activity response caused by the task); these were used to calculate Δβ, which represents the degree of change in oxygenated haemoglobin caused by visual stimulation.ResultsThe Δβ value measured in each single channel or only in the region of interest (ROI) was significantly higher in the emmetropic control group than the uncorrected myopic group. After optical correction, the responses of myopic subjects approached those of the emmetropes and were not significantly different. If myopia was induced in emmetropic subjects by imposing defocus with positive lenses, a decline in functional activity was observed similar that observed in uncorrected myopes. Activity recovered after the lenses were removed.ConclusionsMyopic defocus reduced the level of haemoglobin oxygenation in the visual cortex, but activity could be restored by optical correction.
Collaborating with the competition? A study of interlocal partnership choices
Authors: Rubado Meghan E. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn the US system of decentralized federalism, competitive dynamics among local governments are not incompatible with successful interlocal collaboration. Municipalities often collaborate with competing jurisdictions in the same region to provide services and solve problems. Yet, competitive relations among municipalities are expected to complicate collaboration, escalating transaction costs due to divergent goals and lack of trust. This article uses the Institutional Collective Action framework to examine the conditions under which local governments are best able to surmount competition‐related hurdles and successfully partner with their chief municipal competitors. An original survey of mayors and councilors is used to test potential predictors of collaboration among top competitors. Results show that municipalities often collaborate with their chief competitors but are less likely to do so when they are situated in municipally‐fragmented regions, when they are located in a different county from their top competitors, and when they are fiscally strong.
Identifying resistance in wild and ornamental cherry towards bacterial canker caused by Pseudomonas syringae
Authors: Hulin Michelle T. , Vadillo Dieguez Andrea , Cossu Francesca , Lynn Samantha , Russell Karen , Neale Helen C. , Jackson Robert W. , Arnold Dawn L. , Mansfield John W. , Harrison Richard J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBacterial canker is a major disease of stone fruits and is a critical limiting factor to sweet cherry (Prunus avium) production worldwide. One important strategy for disease control is the development of resistant varieties. Partial varietal resistance in sweet cherry is discernible using shoot or whole tree inoculations; however, these quantitative differences in resistance are not evident in detached leaf assays. To identify novel sources of resistance to canker, we used a rapid leaf pathogenicity test to screen a range of wild cherry, ornamental Prunus species and sweet cherry × ornamental cherry hybrids with the canker pathogens, Pseudomonas syringae pvs syringae, morsprunorum races 1 and 2, and avii. Several Prunus accessions exhibited limited symptom development following inoculation with each of the pathogens, and this resistance extended to 16 P. syringae strains pathogenic on sweet cherry and plum. Resistance was associated with reduced bacterial multiplication after inoculation, a phenotype similar to that of commercial sweet cherry towards nonhost strains of P. syringae. Progeny resulting from a cross of a resistant ornamental species Prunus incisa with susceptible sweet cherry (P. avium) exhibited resistance indicating it is an inherited trait. Identification of accessions with resistance to the major bacterial canker pathogens is the first step towards characterizing the underlying genetic mechanisms of resistance and introducing these traits into commercial germplasm.
Measuring severe neonatal morbidity using hospital discharge data in France
Authors: Lebreton Elodie , Menguy Claudie , Fresson Jeanne , Egorova Natalia N. , Crenn Hebert Catherine , Zeitlin Jennifer 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundMeasuring infant health at birth is key for surveillance and research in obstetrics and neonatology, but there is no international consensus on morbidity indicators. The Neonatal Adverse Outcome Indicator (NAOI) is a composite indicator, developed in Australia, which measures the burden of severe neonatal morbidity using hospital discharge data.ObjectiveTo evaluate the applicability of the NAOI in France for surveillance and research.MethodsWe constituted a cohort of live births ≥24 weeks’ gestational age in Metropolitan France from 2014 to 2015 using hospital discharge, insurance claims and cause of death data. Outlier hospitals were identified using funnel plots of standardised morbidity ratios (SMR), and their coding patterns were assessed. We compared the NAOI and its component codes with published Australian and English data and estimated unadjusted and adjusted risk ratios for known risk factors for neonatal morbidity.ResultsWe included 1,459,123 births (511 hospitals). Twenty‐eight hospitals had SMR above funnel plot control limits. Newborns with NAOI morbidities in these hospitals had lower mortality and shorter stays than in other hospitals. Amongst within‐limit hospitals, NAOI prevalence was 4.8%, comparable to Australia (4.6%) and England (5.4%). Most individual components had a similar prevalence, with the exception of respiratory support, intravenous fluid procedures and infection. NAOI was lowest at 39 weeks (2.2%) with higher risks for maternal age ≥40 (relative risk [RR] 1.47, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.42, 1.51), state medical insurance (RR 1.60, 95% CI 1.52, 1.68), male sex (RR 1.21, 95% CI 1.19, 1.23) and birthweight <3rd percentile (RR 4.60, 95% CI 4.51, 4.69).ConclusionsThe NAOI provides valuable information on population prevalence of severe neonatal morbidity and its risk factors. Whilst the prevalence was similar in high‐income countries with comparable neonatal mortality levels, ensuring valid comparisons between countries and hospitals will require further work to harmonize coding procedures, especially for infection and respiratory morbidity.
Indigenous youth and international conservation law: Five case studies
Authors: Sellheim Nikolas , Ojanperä Otava 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe principle of intergenerational equity plays a fundamental role in international conservation law. In this article, we analyse in how far the principle is applied with regard to indigenous youth. By scrutinizing the Whaling Convention, the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands, the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, the Convention on Conservation of Migratory Species and the Convention on Biological Diversity, we analyse the extent to which key regimes in international conservation law have internalized the principle in relation to a stakeholder group that is not overly prominent. We conclude that there are fundamental differences between the regimes in question. Although the Ramsar Convention and the Biodiversity Convention have either included the principle from the outset or responded to a changing environmental discourse, the others show significant shortcomings in this regard. Therefore, it is important that institutions develop mechanisms to effectively address intergenerational equity, especially with regard to indigenous youth.
Movement strategy correspondence across jumping and cutting tasks after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Authors: Jones Holly S. R. , Moore Isabel S. , King Enda , Stiles Victoria H. , Laudani Luca , McCarthy‐Ryan Molly , McFadden Ciarán , Daniels Katherine A. J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThere are currently a multitude of tests used to assess readiness to return to sport (RTS) following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). The aim of this study was to establish the extent to which movement strategies transfer between three common assessment tasks to help improve design of athlete testing batteries following ACLR. A cohort of 127 male patients 8–10 months post‐ACLR and 45 non‐injured controls took part in the study. Three movement tasks were completed (unilateral and bilateral drop jump, and 90° pre‐planned cut), while ground reaction forces and three‐dimensional kinematics (250 Hz) were recorded. Compared to the bilateral drop jump and cut, the unilateral drop jump had a higher proportion of work done at the ankle (d = 0.29, p < 0.001 and d = −1.87, p < 0.001, respectively), and a lower proportion of work done at the knee during the braking phase of the task (d = 0.447, p < 0.001 and d = 1.56, p < 0.001, respectively). The ACLR group had higher peak hip moments than the non‐injured controls, although the proportion of work done at the ankle, knee and hip joints were similar. Movement strategies were moderately and positively related at the ankle (rs = 0.728, p < 0.001), knee (rs = 0.638, p < 0.001) and hip (rs = 0.593, p < 0.001) between the unilateral and bilateral drop jump, but there was no relationship at the ankle (rs = 0.10, p = 0.104), knee (rs = 0.106, p = 0.166) and hip (rs = −0.019, p = 0.808) between the unilateral drop jump and the cut. Clinicians could therefore consider omitting one of the drop jumps from assessment batteries but should include both jumping and cutting tasks.