bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between smartphone use and carpal tunnel syndrome
Authors: Al Shahrani Eman Salem , Al Shehri Norah Ali 
Published: August 2021

Context:
Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common entrapment neuropathy of the upper limb. No published Saudi Arabian study has explored the effect of smartphones on the median nerve.

Aim:
To assess the association between smartphone use and the development of CTS.

Settings and Design:
This case-control study involved adults aged 18 years and older who visited King Khalid University Hospital (KKUH) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Materials and Methods:
Patients were clinically diagnosed with CTS, and the diagnosis was confirmed by a nerve conduction study (NCS) and electromyography. The controls were free of CTS based on the disease-specific Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire. Statistical analyses were performed using IBM-SPSS version 25.0.

Results:
In total, 95 cases and 190 controls were included. Most of the participants were females (84.2%). The mean ages in the controls and cases were 34.6 +/– 10.2 years and 51.8 +/– 10.6 years, respectively. Using smartphones for 2 hours per day or more was significantly associated with the occurrence of CTS. After adjusting for covariates, 4 hours or more per day of smartphone use was associated with CTS. Moreover, those who held the smartphone with both hands had 7.8 times higher odds of developing CTS than those who held it with one hand.

Conclusion:
CTS has a negative impact on patients’ daily activities and work. This study showed that an increased number of hours of smartphone use is associated with the development of CTS. Further prospective studies are needed to examine the long-term effects of smartphone use.
Awareness of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease among the population in taif, Saudi Arabia 2020
Authors: Mougrabi Mohammed M. , Aljuaid Raghad Sami , Alrabie Aeshah Dakhel , Althumali Nouran Khalid , Alkhaldi Lama Humaied , Alotaibi Waad Dhaifallah 
Published: August 2021

Objective:
Studies assessing knowledge about rheumatic fever (RF) and rheumatic heart disease (RHD) are scarce in KSA. The aim of this study was to assess the awareness about ARF and RHD among the population at Taif city, Saudi Arabia.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was done on 716 of residents of Taif city. A pre-designed questionnaire that collected data about the participants' demographic characters, their history of sore throat and medication used, participants' knowledge about cause and complications of sore throat, its relation to RHD, treatment, primary and secondary prevention of RHD.

Results:
77% of the participants had a history of sore throat, of them 58.4% took antibiotics as a self-medication. A significant higher prevalence of previous history of sore throat was present among 42-50-year-old females, graduated, and those with an income above 10000 SR. Participants with an age of 18-24 years and graduated, had significantly higher percent of those who knew about: cause and complications of sore throat, sore throat is associated with heart diseases, and if treating sore throat can prevent heart disease. Females had a significantly higher percent of those who knew about: complications of sore throat, being extremely aware of that primary prevention of sore throat by using antibiotics such as penicillin and being extremely aware of secondary prevention of recurrence RF and decrease progression of RHD.

Conclusion:
Raising awareness about ARF and RHD through health education programs is needed.
Adolescent eating behaviors in the UAE
Authors: Abouchacra Samra , Alkaabi Juma , Nair Satish Chandrasekhar , Abdulla Abdishakur , Taha Mazen , Ismail Mohamad Milad , Askheta Mazen , Elhouni Ali , Bairy Kurady , Bhat Raghavendra , Salam Al Sayadi Thekra Abdul , Al Baloushi Durra Mohammed , Abouchacra Oudi , Al Nasseri Asma , Gebran Nicole , Yaman Omar 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Obesity is the single most burdensome lifestyle disease, which has reached epidemic proportions. This study aimed to examine the eating behavior patterns and beliefs in a group of adolescents living in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).

Procedure:
A questionnaire was administered to adolescents (aged 11 and 18 years) attending outpatients' clinics at governmental health facilities. Informed consent was obtained, and the questionnaire was available in English or Arabic languages.

Results:
In all, 36 adolescent subjects participated in our study with 12 males and 24 females. UAE nationals constituted 72% of our participants and 28% were of other ethnic backgrounds; 75% were overweight to obese with 17% normal and 8% underweight. The majority of patients were healthy with only 6 patients suffering chronic medical diseases. We uncovered that in less than half of our cohort, the decision to eat came directly from the individuals themselves, but it was more influenced by their families. Food consumption was largely in response to physical hunger with the sensation perceived in the upper abdomen by one-third and the remainder localizing it to various other areas. Excessive caloric intake with frequent meals and snacks was also reported. Our study subjects decided what to consume mainly based on what appeared appetizing, followed by availability and cravings and to a lesser extent based on health recommendations. Excessive speed of food ingestion was self-reported in the majority of participants. Moreover, almost half of the adolescents were unable to turn down food offerings from their close family members and over one-fourth were unable to refuse food from other persons. Common symptoms reported included dysphoric mood, disordered sleep, decreased energy and concentration difficulties as well as low self-esteem.

Conclusion:
Our study uncovered certain eating behaviors in the cohort of adolescents, which may be important in promoting weight gain. These included misconceived hunger signals, excessive frequency, amount and speed of food consumption as well as more focus on food taste, inattentiveness to cravings and a strong social influence on food intake decisions. The findings of our study aim to shed some light on the eating patterns among adolescents and encourage research to investigate eating behaviors on an expanded scale evaluating ethnic, gender and age-related differences.
A Community Based Randomized Controlled Trial to See the Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Development of Diabetes Among Women with Prediabetes Residing in A Rural Community of Northern India
Authors: Misra Puneet , Kant Shashi , Misra Anoop , Jha Shreya , Kardam Priyanka , Thakur Nishakar , Bhatt Surya P. 
Published: August 2021

Background:
The primary objective of this study was to intervene with vitamin D supplementation in rural-based women with pre-diabetes (impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance) to prevent development of type 2 diabetes (T2DM).

Methods:
This was an open-label randomized placebo-controlled trial conducted in rural women with pre-diabetes and vitamin D deficiency (Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02513888). Women aged 20-60 years with pre-diabetes were selected from rural Haryana (north India) and followed up for two years. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect information on socio-demographic and behavioral details, like sun exposure, dietary habits, etc., The intervention group received vitamin D supplementation while control group received lactose granules as placebo. Equal doses of calcium carbonate were given to both the groups.

Results:
A total of 132 participants were recruited in the study (58 each in the intervention and control groups). It was observed that there was no statistical significance in the incidence of diabetes in the control group as compared to the intervention group at the end of 2 years (P = 0.701).

Conclusion:
Though during the first year there was some delay in development of DM in the intervention group but at the end of two years there was no significant effect of vitamin D supplementation in delaying the incidence of diabetes in these women after two years.

Trial registration:
(Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02513888).
Evaluation of knowledge about osteoporosis risk factors among adults above 40 years of age in Hafar Al-Batin Region, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alrashidy Reem I. 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Osteoporosis is a growing public health issue that is prevalent among the Saudi Arabian population. Several risk factors for the disease have been identified and could be modified using preventive strategies, including increasing awareness about the disease in susceptible individuals.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted using interview-based questionnaires to evaluate knowledge of osteoporosis risk factors in a sample of 513 Saudi participants attending primary health care centers (PHCCs) in the Hafar Al-Batin region, Saudi Arabia. The analysis was conducted using the Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 21.

Findings:
A total of 513 participants were surveyed (78.8% female and 21.2% male). The study population had an overall good knowledge about osteoporosis risk factors. The analysis detected significant associations between the level of knowledge and the following parameters: sex, marital status, employment status, and education level (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
The majority of the study cohort had good knowledge of osteoporosis risk factors. The male participants had significantly more knowledge compared to females. Married people had better knowledge scores compared to unmarried ones. Employed and educated participants had significantly better knowledge compared to unemployed and those with an education level less than college. The involvement of primary health care utilizers by physicians and health authorities is highly recommended to increase awareness of osteoporosis.
Teenage pregnancies, practices, and utilization of RCH services by the tribal and nontribal population of West and South Tripura districts
Authors: Bhattacharjya Himadri , Paul Dhruba Prasad , Rakshit Ashis Kumar 
Published: August 2021

Background:
As per NFHS III, 4.5% of the teen aged women of Tripura were pregnant, 18.5% have begun childbearing, and 14% have given live births.

Objectives:
To estimate the prevalence of teenage pregnancies among tribal and nontribal population of West and South districts of Tripura, to study the social practice of care during these pregnancies, and to assess the utilization of RCH services by them.

Methods:
A community-based mixed method study was conducted from 5th September 2014 to 4th September 2015 among 2108 tribal and nontribal women aged 15 to ≤18 years residing in the undivided West and South districts of Tripura chosen by multistage sampling.

Result:
Among the study women, 93.5% were married, 6.3% were unmarried, and 0.2% was either divorced or widowed. Out of total, 21.35% were pregnant and 57.92% had already delivered. ASHA services were received by 59.73% and 72.13% in West and South districts and by 68.09% and 63.69% of the tribal and nontribal, respectively. JSY registration was 53.99% and 83.43% in West and South districts and 71.56% and 66.91% among tribal and nontribal, respectively. Antenatal check-up was received by 96.26% and 90.79% in West and South districts and 89.39% and 97.66% among tribal and nontribal ever pregnant women, respectively. Home deliveries were higher among tribal and they had inadequate postnatal check-up. Practice of isolated confinement following childbirth was fewer and these rooms were unclean and ill-ventilated though normal clothing was used. Qualitative component revealed that underutilization of RCH services was mainly due to poor quality of services, ignorance, and economic constraints to reach health facility.

Conclusion:
Teenage pregnancy is prevalent in Tripura and more among tribal. Ignorance of the women and poor quality of RCH services at primary health care level are responsible for its underutilization.
Vertical transmission of HIV, Where do we stand ? Study done in PPTCT center – in a tertiary level of hospital of Western Rajasthan
Authors: Verma Usha , Asopa Vishakha , Gupta Eshank , Gupta Ekta , Lal Parmeshwar , Prakash Prabhu 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in pregnant women has an important role in its spread to the pediatric population through vertical transmission. Effective utilization of Prevention of Parent to Child Transmission (PPTCT) services can reduce this spread. This study aims to determine the vertical transmission of HIV, the seroprevalence of HIV in antenatal women, demographic factors of seropositive women, and utilization of PPTCT services to minimize the risk of mother-to-child transmission.

Methods:
This study was conducted to assess vertical transmission of HIV in the newborn of HIV pregnant women attending antenatal clinic (ANC) of a tertiary care hospital from August 2014 to December 2020. Pretest counseling, HIV testing, and posttest counseling were done as per National AIDS Control Organization (NACO) guidelines. Antiretroviral prophylaxis was given to seropositive women and their children. Analysis of demographic data of seropositive women and assessment of the utilization of PPTCT services were done according to available records.

Results:
In the study time, 139,619 new antenatal registrations were there, 68.21% of women attended pretest counseling and of them, 95.28% gave consent for HIV testing. Out of which, 0.14% were reported as HIV seropositive in PPTCT (tested according to NACO guidelines). In the study time, a total of 188 HIV-positive deliveries were conducted in our institute. Out of which, 144 (76.6%) were ANC-booked patients and 44 (23.4%) were unbooked patients and directly came in labor, deliveries were conducted according to NACO guidelines and all newborns were given nevirapine syrup. All newborns were followed up until 18 months and in study time, 78 dry blood samples (DBSs) were sent for DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection and all were reported negative by the reference laboratory at AIIMS, New Delhi.

Conclusions:
Adherence to testing, treatment, and follow-up in the antenatal and postnatal period can minimize the risk of HIV transmission from mother to child.
Noise levels encountered in university dental clinics during different specialty treatments
Authors: Baseer Mohammad Abdul , Al Saffan Abdulrahman , AlMasoud Shahad Mousa , Dahy Wed Talal , Aldali Hadeel Waleed , Walid Bachat Alaa M , Walid Bachat Rama M , AlMugeiren Osamah Mohammed 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Noise levels encountered during the dental treatments in different departments have deleterious effects on the ears of dental healthcare providers and there is scarcity of data in the literature in Saudi Arabia. Hence, the aim of the study was to determine the noise levels resulting from the usage of different specialty instruments and equipment.

Material and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted to measure the level of noise produced by different specialty instruments and equipment within the dental clinics of the College of Dentistry, Riyadh Elm University (REU), Riyadh. The noise produced during the restorative treatments, endodontics and prosthodontics was recorded objectively using a decibel (dB) meter placed at a distance of 30 cm from the operator's ear. Mean noise levels were calculated and compared among the various specialty treatments using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Furthermore, Tukey's test was applied to perform a pairwise comparison between the groups.

Results:
An overall noise of 73.83 ± 4.39 dB was found to be generated within the dental clinical setting. A highest sound level of 79.44 ± 2.10 dB was observed during restorative treatment followed by 74.14 ± 3.08, 73.22 ± 1.93, 71.39 ± 3.37 and 70.97 ± 4.70 dB for endodontic, periodontal, and prosthodontic treatments, respectively. A statistically significant difference was observed in the noise levels produced from the different specialty treatments (P = 0.000).

Conclusion:
The greatest noise level was recorded with the use of the amalgamator in restorative dental treatment. It was inferred that the noise emanating from all the specialty dental treatments was below the hazardous levels. Long-term exposure may, however, have adverse effects on auditory as well as general health.
Fine-Needle Aspiration Diagnosis of Lymphoma Based on Cytomorphology Alone
Authors: Garg Sumit , Rohilla Manish , Srinivasan Radhika , Bal Amanjit , Das Ashim , Dey Pranab , Gupta Nalini , Gupta Parikshaa , Rajwanshi Arvind 
Published: August 2021

Context:
Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a rapid and accurate first-line diagnostic modality in lymphadenopathy.

Aims:
To determine the utility of FNAC for the diagnosis of lymphoma and highlight the various pitfalls in morphological interpretation.

Settings and Design:
This was a retrospective study of 3 years duration in which cytology diagnosis was compared with the follow-up histopathology diagnosis wherever available.

Results:
A cytodiagnosis of lymphoma was made in a total of 868 cases (2.8%) out of nearly 33,000 FNAC performed during the study period; 556 (64.1%) cases were diagnosed as non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), 198 (22.8%) as Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), and in 114 (13.1%) cases, a cytological diagnosis of lymphoma without further categorization was given. Histopathological reports were available in 348 cases, with an overall concordance rate of 93.1% (324), which was slightly higher in the HL cases (95.8%) as compared to NHL (91.7%). Twenty-four cases (6.9%) showed discordant cytological diagnosis with subsequent histopathology. The main reasons for the erroneous diagnosis were the over-interpretation of the germinal center cells as atypical lymphoid cells, over-interpretation of immunoblasts with prominent nucleoli as Hodgkin cells, and sheets of monomorphic lymphoid cells interpreted as low-grade lymphoma.

Conclusion:
Cytomorphology alone can make a correct basic diagnosis of lymphoma with a high degree of accuracy. The errors in interpretation can be further reduced by careful attention to the diagnostic pitfalls and common differential diagnoses.
El tiempo histórico y el aprendizaje significativo. Propuesta de una línea del tiempo para la comprensión del Tiempo histórico
Authors: González Rodolfo Huerta , Ramírez María Guadalupe Mendoza 
Published: August 2021

Diversas investigaciones han subrayado las dificultades para el aprendizaje de los conceptos históricos y, entre ellos, los relacionados a la cronología, las cuestiones de cambio y permanencia, y la duración de las diferentes etapas de desarrollo histórico y social, cuyas causas son debidas principalmente a cómo son presentados estos tópicos en los libros de texto, pero fundamentalmente en las prácticas docentes cotidianas, que impiden el desarrollo del pensamiento histórico y la comprensión del tiempo histórico.
Se presenta una propuesta de una línea de tiempo trabajada con alumnos de la Licenciatura en Pedagogía en la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional (UPN), diseñada desde las ideas del aprendizaje significativo de Ausubel, no como actividad didáctica, sino como recurso de aprendizaje, donde los alumnos participan activamente en la construcción de la línea del tiempo calculando, midiendo, buscando información y colocando los hechos históricos y, además, y los resultados obtenidos en la comprensión del tiempo histórico.

Various investigations have highlighted the difficulties for learning historical concepts and, among them, those related to chronology, questions of change and permanence, and the duration of the different stages of historical and social development, the causes are mainly due to how are these topics in textbooks, but fundamentally in everyday teaching practices, which impede the development of historical thought and the understanding of historical time.
A proposal for a timeline worked with students of the Bachelor of Pedagogy at the National Pedagogical University (UPN) is presented, designed from the ideas of Ausubel's meaningful learning, not as a didactic activity, but as a learning resource, where students They actively participate in the construction of the timeline by calculating, measuring, searching for information and placing historical facts and, in addition, and the results obtained in understanding historical time.
El docente de bachillerato como sujeto-supuesto-a-saber de Lacan
Authors: Báez Adrián Flores , Torres Mara Yazmín Morales 
Published: August 2021

El presente trabajo es un intento de ligar la idea de sujeto-supuesto-a-saber de Lacan con lo educativo, donde el goce del docente de bachillerato es producto de la fuerza invisible del discurso de lo político sobre su actuar. El estudio se realizó en un bachillerato rural de la comunidad del Ocotal en Puebla, México, compuesto por tres docentes a quienes se entrevistaron de forma individual y posteriormente, después de ver 5 spots de la Reforma educativa se entrevistó de forma grupal. Los resultados mostraron que hay un choque entre los supuestos de los docentes (enfocados en la disciplina) y los de la Reforma (enfocados a la actualización permanente y dar lo mejor de sí).

This paper is an attempt to link Lacan's idea of subject-supposed-to-know with education, where the enjoyment of the high school teacher is the product of the invisible force of the political discourse on his actions. The study was carried out in a rural high school in the community of Ocotal in Puebla, Mexico, made up of three teachers who were interviewed individually and later, after seeing 5 spots of the Educational Reform, they were interviewed as a group. The results showed that there is a clash between the assumptions of teachers (focused on the discipline) and those of the Reform (focused on permanent updating and giving their best).
La regulación emocional como herramienta efectiva para el mejoramiento pedagógico en la enseñanza de inglés
Authors: Ceballos Vivian Coromoto Rojas , Calixto Leslie Jetzabel Folleco , Vélez Wilson Alexander Zambrano 
Published: August 2021

Este articulo está enmarcado en la necesidad de mejorar las prácticas educativas universitarias hacia la formación integral del alumno, permitiéndole integrar con éxito en el mundo laboral con las suficientes habilidades emocionales y sociales. Para ello, se buscó ayuda metodológica para los docentes de inglés de manera de enfrentar el alto nivel de ansiedad, inseguridad, frustración y temor de los estudiantes de la carrera pedagogía de lenguas nacionales y extranjeros modalidad online de la Universidad Estatal de Milagro. Se realizó un plan de acción basado en estrategias de análisis socioemocional; considerando que las universidades deben superar las barreras que separan la lógica del sentimiento, afectando la interrelación con los estudiantes y su aprendizaje, por lo que debe haber un auto reconocimiento crítico y consciente del porqué del accionar para la comprensión y acción mediante una dialógica multidimensional, generando espacios pedagógicos.

This article is framed in the need to improve university educational practices towards the integral formation of the student, allowing them to successfully integrate into the work world with sufficient emotional and social skills. For this, methodological help was sought for English teachers in order to face the high level of anxiety, insecurity, frustration and fear of the students of the online modality Pedagogy of national and foreign languages ty career of the State University of Milagro. An action plan based on socio-emotional analysis strategies was carried out; considering that universities must overcome the barriers that separate logic from feeling, affecting the interrelation with students and their learning, so there must be a critical and conscious self-recognition of the reason to act for understanding and action through a multidimensional dialogic, generating pedagogical spaces.