bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digitale Interventionen für Geflüchtete. Herausforderungen, Chancen und die Perspektive der agency
Authors: Rubeis Giovanni 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungGeflüchtete weisen eine hohe Prävalenz an psychischen Störungen auf. Dem hohen Behandlungsbedarf stehen jedoch Barrieren gegenüber, die den Zugang zu psychischen Versorgungsleistungen behindern. Zu den Zugangsbarrieren gehören strukturelle Hürden ebenso wie kulturell differente Haltungen gegenüber psychischer Gesundheit und Krankheit sowie therapeutischen Maßnahmen. Eine Möglichkeit, diese Zugangsbarrieren zu überwinden und Geflüchteten Versorgungsleistungen nach ihrem Bedarf zukommen zu lassen, wird in digitalen Interventionen gesehen. In Form von interaktiven Websites oder Smartphone-Apps haben sich diese internet- und mobilgestützten Interventionen bereits in der Versorgung bewährt. Auch gibt es erste Beispiele für einen gelungenen Einsatz bei Geflüchteten. Die ethischen Aspekte digitaler Interventionen für Geflüchtete sind bislang aber kaum erforscht. Ziel des Beitrags ist es, dieses Desiderat zu bearbeiten. Als Instrument der ethischen Analyse wird dazu das agency-Konzept verwendet. Nach dem agency-Konzept sind Personen als handlungsfähige Akteure zu verstehen, die aus eigenen Ressourcen und Kompetenzen schöpfen und selbstwirksam handeln können. Agency ist in vorliegender Arbeit das Leitprinzip, um die Chancen und Risiken digitaler Interventionen bei Geflüchteten zu analysieren. Darüber hinaus werden die Perspektiven eines agency-basierten Einsatzes digitaler Interventionen für Geflüchtete aufgezeigt. Auf dieser Grundlage können therapeutische Konzepte entwickelt werden, die aus ethischer Sicht zu einer Verbesserung der Versorgungssituation von Geflüchteten beitragen können.
Pre-injury antithrombotic agents predict intracranial hemorrhagic progression, but not worse clinical outcome in severe traumatic brain injury
Authors: Svedung Wettervik Teodor , Lenell Samuel , Enblad Per , Lewén Anders 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
The incidence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients of older age with comorbidities, who are pre-injury treated with antithrombotic agents (antiplatelets and/or anticoagulants), has increased. In this study, our aim was to investigate if pre-injury antithrombotic treatment was associated with worse intracranial hemorrhagic/injury progression and clinical outcome in patients with severe TBI.

Methods
In this retrospective study, including 844 TBI patients treated at our neurointensive care at Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden, 2008–2018, 159 (19%) were pre-injury treated with antithrombotic agents. Demography, admission status, radiology, treatment, and outcome variables were evaluated. Significant intracranial hemorrhagic/injury evolution was defined as hemorrhagic progression seen on the second computed tomography (CT), emergency neurosurgery after the initial CT, or death following the initial CT.

Results
Patients with pre-injury antithrombotics were significantly older and with a higher Charlson comorbidity index. They were more often injured by falls and more frequently developed acute subdural hematomas. Sixty-eight (8%) patients were pre-injury treated with monotherapy of antiplatelets, 67 (8%) patients with anticoagulants, and 24 (3%) patients with a combination of antithrombotics. Pre-injury anticoagulants, but not antiplatelets, were independently associated with significant intracranial hemorrhagic/injury evolution in a multiple regression analysis. However, neither anticoagulants nor antiplatelets were associated with mortality and unfavorable outcome in multiple regression analyses.

Conclusions
Only anticoagulants were associated with intracranial hemorrhagic/injury progression, but no antithrombotic agent correlated with worse clinical outcome. Management, including early anticoagulant reversal, availability of emergency neurosurgery, and neurointensive care, may be important aspects for reducing the adverse effects of pre-injury antithrombotics.
Fluid–structure interaction in a fully coupled three-dimensional mitral–atrium–pulmonary model
Authors: Feng Liuyang , Gao Hao , Qi Nan , Danton Mark , Hill Nicholas A. , Luo Xiaoyu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper aims to investigate detailed mechanical interactions between the pulmonary haemodynamics and left heart function in pathophysiological situations (e.g. atrial fibrillation and acute mitral regurgitation). This is achieved by developing a complex computational framework for a coupled pulmonary circulation, left atrium and mitral valve model. The left atrium and mitral valve are modelled with physiologically realistic three-dimensional geometries, fibre-reinforced hyperelastic materials and fluid–structure interaction, and the pulmonary vessels are modelled as one-dimensional network ended with structured trees, with specified vessel geometries and wall material properties. This new coupled model reveals some interesting results which could be of diagnostic values. For example, the wave propagation through the pulmonary vasculature can lead to different arrival times for the second systolic flow wave (S2 wave) among the pulmonary veins, forming vortex rings inside the left atrium. In the case of acute mitral regurgitation, the left atrium experiences an increased energy dissipation and pressure elevation. The pulmonary veins can experience increased wave intensities, reversal flow during systole and increased early-diastolic flow wave (D wave), which in turn causes an additional flow wave across the mitral valve (L wave), as well as a reversal flow at the left atrial appendage orifice. In the case of atrial fibrillation, we show that the loss of active contraction is associated with a slower flow inside the left atrial appendage and disappearances of the late-diastole atrial reversal wave (AR wave) and the first systolic wave (S1 wave) in pulmonary veins. The haemodynamic changes along the pulmonary vessel trees on different scales from microscopic vessels to the main pulmonary artery can all be captured in this model. The work promises a potential in quantifying disease progression and medical treatments of various pulmonary diseases such as the pulmonary hypertension due to a left heart dysfunction.
A Symbolic Analysis of the Islamic Period Gravestones in the Ahar Museum
Authors: Kazempour Mehdi , Shokrpour Shahriyar 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe Ahar city not only has a large number of historical cemeteries but also the courtyard of the city’s museum has one of the richest Islamic-era gravestone collections. These gravestones date to the thirteenth-eighteenth centuries and have been collected from inside the city as well as from surrounding villages. The present study analyzes these gravestones based on a symbolic approach. In this paper, we will answer the question: What are the symbolic meanings of the decorations on the Ahar Museum gravestones? We conclude that various motifs appear, including inscriptions, geometric designs, and allegorical, military, and narrative scenes. These motifs directly relate to the beliefs of the people who created them.
The essential role of TAZ in normal tissue homeostasis
Authors: Jeong Mi Gyeong , Kim Hyo Kyeong , Hwang Eun Sook 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTranscriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) has been extensively characterized in organ development, tissue regeneration, and tumor progression. In particular, TAZ functions as a Hippo mediator that regulates organ size, tumor growth and migration. It is highly expressed in various types of human cancer, and has been reported to be associated with tumor metastasis and poor outcomes in cancer patients, suggesting that TAZ is an oncogenic regulator. Yes-associated protein (YAP) has 60% similarity in amino acid sequence to TAZ and plays redundant roles with TAZ in the regulation of cell proliferation and migration of cancer cells. Therefore, TAZ and YAP, which are encoded by paralogous genes, are referred to as TAZ/YAP and are suggested to be functionally equivalent. Despite its similarity to YAP, TAZ can be clearly distinguished from YAP based on its genetic, structural, and functional aspects. In addition, targeting superabundant TAZ can be a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment; however, persistent TAZ inactivation may cause failure of tissue homeostatic control. This review focuses primarily on TAZ, not YAP, discusses its structural features and physiological functions in the regulation of tissue homeostasis, and provides new insights into the drug development targeting TAZ to control reproductive and musculoskeletal disorders.
Perceptions of exercise benefits and barriers: the influence on physical activity behaviour in individuals undergoing haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Lightfoot Courtney J. , Wilkinson Thomas J. , Song Yan , Burton James O. , Smith Alice C. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Despite growing evidence about the benefits of physical activity and exercise in patients receiving dialysis, physical inactivity is highly prevalent. This may be due to uncertainty and lack of appropriate guidance about exercise, or driven by the relative barriers and benefits that patients perceive. Understanding these perceptions in dialysis patients may inform interventions aimed to increase exercise participation.

Methods
Perceived benefits and barriers to exercise were measured by the ‘Dialysis Patient-perceived Exercise Benefits and Barriers Scale’ (DPEBBS). Self-reported physical activity status was assessed by the ‘General Practice Physical Activity Questionnaire’. Barriers and benefits to exercise were classed as binary variables (i.e. yes and no). Frequency analyses and chi-squared tests were conducted to compare the differences perceived by people on haemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD). Binominal logistical regression was performed to determine which perceived barriers and benefits had the biggest impact on physical activity status.

Results
One thousand twenty-two HD and 124 PD patients completed the DPEBBS. A greater proportion of HD than PD patients reported ‘reduces body pain’ (P = 0.013), ‘delays decline in body function’ (P = 0.01), and ‘improves quality of life’ (P = 0.033) as benefits of exercise. No differences in barriers were observed. Tiredness was the most reported barrier to exercise. Patients who perceived ‘other comorbidities’ (OR 3.389, P < 0.001) or ‘burden of family’ (OR 3.168, P < 0.001) as barriers were 3 times more likely to be inactive.

Conclusions
Dialysis patients perceive several barriers which may prevent them from engaging in physical activity. Addressing these barriers may be key to increasing participation in physical activity and exercise.

Graphic abstract
Comparative investigation on the mechanical behavior of injection molded and 3D-printed thermoplastic polyurethane
Authors: Oelsch Erik , Landgraf Ralf , Jankowsky Lysander , Kausch Martin , Hoyer Stefan , Drossel Welf-Guntram , Ihlemann Jörn 
Published: March 2021

Abstract3D printing opens up new possibilities for the production of polymeric structures that would not be possible with injection molding. However, it is known that the manufacturing method might have an impact on the mechanical properties of manufactured components. To this end, the mechanical behavior of test specimens made of thermoplastic polyurethane is compared for two different manufacturing methods. In particular, the SEAM technology (screw extrusion additive manufacturing) is compared to a conventional injection molding process. Uniaxial tension test specimens from both manufacturing methods are analyzed in two testing sequences (multi-hysteresis tests to analyze inelastic properties and uniaxial tension until rupture). To get as less perturbation as possible, the 3D-printed samples are printed with only one strand per layer. Moreover, a correction approach based on optical measurements is applied to determine the true cross-sectional area of the test specimens. The mechanical tests reveal that the inelastic material behavior is the same for both manufacturing methods. Instead, 3D-printed specimens show lower maximal stretch values at rupture and an increased variance in the results, which is related to the surface structure of 3D-printed specimens.
Strukturelle Gewalt – ein analytisch überschätzter Begriff
Authors: Braun Andreas 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag widmet sich vor dem Hintergrund der jüngst von Peter Imbusch vorgeschlagenen Revitalisierung dem Konzept der strukturellen Gewalt. Entgegen der von Imbusch vertretenen fruchtbaren Reintegration des Konzeptes in neuere gewaltsoziologische Forschungen wird hier die These einer diesbezüglichen analytischen Überschätzung vertreten. Vor dem Hintergrund eines einfachen (bezugsproblemorientierten) Vergleichs wird aufgezeigt, dass eine Berücksichtigung für die neuere gewaltsoziologische Forschung insofern überschätzt wird, als das Konzept nicht auf Gewalt (violentia), sondern auf Macht (potestas) abzielt. Darüber hinaus wird konstatiert, dass die von Imbusch postulierte gewaltsoziologische Engführung auf Körper und Leid keineswegs eine nicht zu rechtfertigende Fokussierung darstellt. Gerade Ansätze der neueren gewaltsoziologischen Forschung sind mit diesem Bezugsrahmen in der Lage, Gewalt und Macht analytisch trennscharf zu behandeln und eine differenzierte Betrachtung struktureller und kultureller Faktoren im Kontext nicht normativer unda prioridyadischer (de-)legitimierender Gewaltbeobachtungen vorzunehmen. Aspekte, die sich hingegen für eine galtungsche Friedens- und Konfliktforschung als fruchtbar erweisen können.
Do nudges crowd out prosocial behavior?
Authors: Gråd Erik , Erlandsson Arvid , Tinghög Gustav 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBoth theory on motivational crowding and recent empirical evidence suggest that nudging may sometimes backfire and actually crowd out prosocial behavior, due to decreased intrinsic motivation and warm glow. In this study, we tested this claim by investigating the effects of three types of nudges (default nudge, social norm nudge, and moral nudge) on donations to charity in a preregistered online experiment (N = 1098). Furthermore, we manipulated the transparency of the nudges across conditions by explicitly informing subjects of the nudges that were used. Our results show no indication that nudges crowd out prosocial behavior; instead, all three nudges increased donations. The positive effects of the nudges were driven by the subjects who did not perceive the nudges as attempts to manipulate their behavior, while donations among subjects who felt that the nudges were manipulative remained unaffected. Subjects’ self-reported happiness with their choice also remained unaffected. Thus, we find no indication that nudges crowded out warm glow when acting altruistically. Generally, our results are good news for the proponents of nudges in public policy, since they suggest that concerns about unintended motivational crowding effects on prosocial behavior have been overstated.
Risk of Cancer Following an Ischemic Stroke in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging
Authors: Rioux Bastien , Gioia Laura C. , Keezer Mark R. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT:Background:Stroke survivors may be at higher risk of incident cancer, although the magnitude and the period at risk remain unclear. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to compare the risk of cancer in stroke survivors to that of the general population.Methods:The Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging is a large population-based cohort of individuals aged 45–85 years when recruited (2011–2015). We used data from the comprehensive subgroup (n = 30,097) to build a retrospective cohort with individual exact matching for age (1:4 ratio). We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate hazard ratios of new cancer diagnosis with and without a prior stroke.Results:We respectively included 920 and 3,680 individuals in the stroke and non-stroke groups. We observed a higher incidence of cancer in the first year after stroke that declined afterward (p-value = 0.030). The hazard of new cancer diagnosis after stroke was significantly increased (hazard ratio: 2.36; 95% CI: 1.21, 4.61; p-value = 0.012) as compared to age-matched non-stroke participants after adjustments. The most frequent primary cancers in the first year after stroke were prostate (n = 8, 57.1%) and melanoma (n = 2, 14.3%).Conclusions:The hazard of new cancer diagnosis in the first year after an ischemic stroke is about 2.4 times higher as compared to age-matched individuals without stroke after adjustments. Surveillance bias may explain a portion of post-stroke cancer diagnoses although a selection bias of healthier participants likely led to an underestimation of post-stroke cancer risk. Prospective studies are needed to confirm the potentially pressing need to screen for post-stroke cancer.
Middle Ordovician linguliformean microbrachiopods from western Argentina: new data and biogeographic implications
Authors: Lavié Fernando J. , Mestre Ana I. , Carrera Marcelo G. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNew linguliform microbrachiopods from the Middle Ordovician are described and illustrated. This fauna was recovered from the uppermost beds of the San Juan Formation in two sections of the Central Precordillera (Argentina), which are accurately dated to theLenodus pseudoplanusZone (middle Darriwilian). The fauna consists of the obolidLuthieria diminutan. gen. n. sp., and the acrotretidsEoconulus tucunucoensisn. sp.,Conotreta andinaLavié, Serra, and Feltes,Scaphelasma zharykensisPopov, andNumericoma rowelliHolmer et al. This low-diversity lingulate association displays close similarities with coeval faunas that inhabited the Laurentia, Baltica, and Kazakhstanian regions, in agreement with evidence from other linguliform and rhynchonelliform brachiopods.UUID:http//zoobank.org/fe9acbb0-6654-4462-ba4d-ea2386ae79f6
A CLASS OF FIELDS WITH A RESTRICTED MODEL COMPLETENESS PROPERTY
Authors: DITTMANN PHILIP , LEIJNSE DION 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe introduce and study a natural class of fields in which certain first-order definable sets are existentially definable, and characterise this class by a number of equivalent conditions. We show that global fields belong to this class, and in particular obtain a number of new existential (or diophantine) predicates over global fields.
The effect of surgical complications on ENT trainees
Authors: McLaren O , Perkins C , Alderson D 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe ‘second victim phenomenon’ is a term attributed to the traumatic effect a medical error can have on healthcare professionals. Patient safety incidents have been shown to occur in as many as one in seven patients in hospital. These incidents cause significant, potentially devastating, trauma to patients and their relatives, and can have deep and long-lasting effects on the health professionals involved. These incidents can have a negative impact on doctors’ emotional wellbeing; their professional practice in relation to this impact has not been extensively investigated in surgical trainees.MethodA survey of UK otolaryngology trainees was conducted to investigate the effects of complications and medical errors on trainees, and examine how these are discussed within departments.Results and conclusionThe findings suggest that further training is required and would be warmly received by otolaryngology trainees as part of higher surgical training.
Association between psychomotor disturbance and treatment outcome in psychotic depression: a STOP-PD II report
Authors: Flint Alastair J. , Bingham Kathleen S. , Neufeld Nicholas H. , Alexopoulos George S. , Mulsant Benoit H. , Rothschild Anthony J. , Whyte Ellen M. , Voineskos Aristotle N. , Marino Patricia , Meyers Barnett S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about the relationship between psychomotor disturbance (PMD) and treatment outcome of psychotic depression. This study examined the association between PMD and subsequent remission and relapse of treated psychotic depression.MethodsTwo hundred and sixty-nine men and women aged 18–85 years with an episode of psychotic depression were treated with open-label sertraline plus olanzapine for up to 12 weeks. Participants who remained in remission or near-remission following an 8-week stabilization phase were eligible to participate in a 36-week randomized controlled trial (RCT) that compared the efficacy and tolerability of sertraline plus olanzapine (n = 64) with sertraline plus placebo (n = 62). PMD was measured with the psychiatrist-rated sign-based CORE at acute phase baseline and at RCT baseline. Spearman's correlations and logistic regression analyses were used to analyze the association between CORE total score at acute phase baseline and remission/near-remission and CORE total score at RCT baseline and relapse.ResultsHigher CORE total score at acute phase baseline was associated with lower frequency of remission/near-remission. Higher CORE total score at RCT baseline was associated with higher frequency of relapse, in the RCT sample as a whole, as well as in each of the two randomized groups.ConclusionsPMD is associated with poorer outcome of psychotic depression treated with sertraline plus olanzapine. Future research needs to examine the neurobiology of PMD in psychotic depression in relation to treatment outcome.
Drivers of Methane Flux Differ Between Lakes and Reservoirs, Complicating Global Upscaling Efforts
Authors: Deemer B. R. , Holgerson M. A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMethane is an important greenhouse gas with growing atmospheric concentrations. Freshwater lakes and reservoirs contribute substantially to atmospheric methane concentrations, but the magnitude of this contribution is poorly constrained. Uncertainty stems partially from whether the sites currently sampled represent the global population as well as incomplete knowledge of which environmental variables predict methane flux. Thus, determining the main drivers of methane flux across diverse waterbody types will inform more accurate upscaling approaches. Here we use a new database of total, diffusive, and ebullitive areal methane emissions from 313 lakes and reservoirs (ranging in surface area from 6 m2 to 5,400 km2) to identify the best predictors of methane emission. We found that the best predictors of methane emission differed by waterbody type (lakes vs. reservoirs), and that ecosystem morphometric variables (e.g., surface area and maximum depth) were more important predictors in lakes whereas metrics of autochthonous production (e.g., chlorophyll a) were more important in reservoirs. We also found that productivity strongly predicted methane ebullition, whereas ecosystem morphometry and waterbody type were more important predictors of diffusive methane flux. Finally, we identify several knowledge gaps that limit upscaling efforts. First, we need more methane emission measurements in small reservoirs, large lakes, and both natural and artificial ponds. Additionally, more accurate upscaling efforts require improved global information about waterbody surface area, waterbody type (lake vs. reservoir), ice phenology, and the distribution of productivity‐related predictor variables such as total phosphorus, DOC, and chlorophyll a.