bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Early Brain Edema Score (SEBES) as a radiographic marker of clinically relevant intracranial hypertension and unfavorable outcome after subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Said Maryam , Gümüs Meltem , Herten Annika , Dinger Thiemo Florin , Chihi Mehdi , Darkwah Oppong Marvin , Deuschl Cornelius , Wrede Karsten H. , Kleinschnitz Christoph , Sure Ulrich , Jabbarli Ramazan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeThe severity of early brain edema (EBE) after aneurysm rupture was reported to be strongly associated with the risk of poor outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Using the recently developed Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Early Brain Edema Score (SEBES), we analyzed the predictors of EBE and its impact on complications related to intracranial pressure (ICP) increase after SAH and on poor outcome.MethodsAll consecutive SAH cases treated between January 2003 and June 2016 with assessable SEBES were included (n = 745). Data on demographic characteristics, medical history, initial severity of SAH, need for conservative ICP treatment and decompressive craniectomy, occurrence of cerebral infarctions and unfavorable outcome at 6 months (modified Rankin scale score > 2) were collected. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed.ResultsYounger age (<55 years; adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 3.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.28–4.38), female sex (aOR 1.64, 95% CI 1.16–2.31), poor initial clinical condition (World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies score 4–5; aOR 1.74, 95% CI 1.23–2.46), presence of intracerebral hemorrhage (aOR 1.63, 95% CI 1.12–2.36), hypothyroidism (aOR 0.60, 95% CI 0.37–0.98) and renal comorbidity (aOR 0.29, 95% CI 0.11–0.78) were independently associated with SEBES (scores 3–4). There was an independent association between SEBES 3–4 and the need for conservative ICP treatment (aOR 2.43, 95% CI 1.73–3.42), decompressive craniectomy (aOR 2.68, 95% CI 1.84–3.89), development of cerebral infarcts (aOR 2.24, 95% CI 1.53–3.29) and unfavorable outcome (aOR 1.48, 95% CI 1.0–2.17).ConclusionsSEBES is a reliable predictor of ICP‐related complications and poor outcome of SAH. Our findings highlight the need for further research of the impact of patients’ demographic characteristics and comorbidities on the severity of EBE after SAH.
PIP aquaporin pH‐sensing is regulated by the length and charge of the C‐terminal region
Authors: Scochera Florencia , Zerbetto De Palma Gerardo , Canessa Fortuna Agustina , Chevriau Jonathan , Toriano Roxana , Soto Gabriela , Zeida Ari , Alleva Karina 
Published: July 2021

Plant PIP aquaporins play a central role in controlling plant water status. The current structural model for PIP pH‐gating states that the main pH sensor is located in loopD and that all the mobile cytosolic elements participate in a complex interaction network that ensures the closed structure. However, the precise participation of the last part of the C‐terminal domain (CT) in PIP pH gating remains unknown. This last part has not been resolved in PIP crystal structures and is a key difference between PIP1 and PIP2 paralogues. Here, by a combined experimental and computational approach, we provide data about the role of CT in pH gating of Beta vulgaris PIP. We demonstrate that the length of CT and the positive charge located among its last residues modulate the pH at which the open/closed transition occurs. We also postulate a molecular‐based mechanism for the differential pH sensing in PIP homo‐ or heterotetramers by performing atomistic molecular dynamics simulations (MDS) on complete models of PIP tetramers. Our findings show that the last part of CT can affect the environment of loopD pH sensors in the closed state. Results presented herein contribute to the understanding of how the characteristics of CT in PIP channels play a crucial role in determining the pH at which water transport through these channels is blocked, highlighting the relevance of the differentially conserved very last residues in PIP1 and PIP2 paralogues.
Geopolitical encounters and entanglements along the belt and road initiative
Authors: Richardson Paul B. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis survey brings into conversation diverse literatures on geopolitics in order to interrogate one of the most visible geopolitical projects of our age, China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). The paper provides a brief review of the main geopolitical approaches that are being applied to the BRI, including classical, critical, radical, assemblage and feminist perspectives. While feminist and assemblage approaches to the BRI are positioned as a way out of essentialised accounts of this initiative, this review also attempts to facilitate a dialogue on the value of applying multiple approaches and different types of knowledge to the BRI and its various contexts. It seeks to capture how such thinking in geopolitics can bring the BRI's incoherence and myriad tensions into focus. This involves tracing the competing logics, contexts, relations and elements from which the BRI has emerged. Bringing competing strands of geopolitical thought into conversation rejects singular and reductionist interpretations of the BRI and understandings of geopolitics more broadly. It highlights linkages between elements and assemblages, as well as a circular logic in some of the prevailing approaches to the BRI and geopolitics. This survey explores the multi‐dimensional possibilities of contemporary geopolitics for examining the BRI's interwoven logics and its contradictions, while using the case study of the BRI to evaluate the diversity and potential of this sub‐field.
Herbage accumulation dynamics in mixed pastures composed of kikuyugrass and tall fescue as affected by grazing management
Authors: Bernardon Angela , Miqueloto Tiago , Winter Fábio Luis , de Medeiros Neto Cauby , Sbrissia André Fischer 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA less‐explored alternative to animal production in the subtropics is a mixture of perennial cool‐ and warm‐season forage grasses. This study aimed to determine a grazing management strategy to enhance forage production and attenuate the seasonality of a mixed pasture composed of kikuyugrass (Pennisetum clandestinum) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea). Four treatments were implemented in a completely randomized block design using a factorial scheme (2 × 2) with three replicates. The factorial arrangement consisted of two canopy heights (12 and 17 cm) associated with or without a single autumn grazing of 7 cm. Evaluations were conducted over 2 years. Nitrogen fertilization was performed only during the winter and spring seasons. Regardless of grazing height targets (12 or 17 cm), severe defoliation in autumn increased forage accumulation by 10% in mixed pastures composed of kikuyugrass and tall fescue; however, such management strategy should not be recommended because it delayed canopy recovery by 90–120 days, restrained winter grazing, and, paradoxically, increased forage production seasonality. Tall fescue was the dominant species in all treatments in the second year of evaluation, and we hypothesized that the lack of N fertilization during the summer impaired the persistence of kikuyugrass and was the main reason for this dominance effect. Therefore, we suggest evaluating summer N fertilization strategies, which could benefit both species and ensure the persistence of kikuyugrass in the mixture.
Prognostic implication of staging of seminal vesicle invasion in patients with prostatic adenocarcinoma after prostatectomy
Authors: Fukunaga Arinobu , Maejima Aiko , Shinoda Yasuo , Matsui Yoshiyuki , Komiyama Motokiyo , Fujimoto Hiroyuki , Miyagi Maeshima Akiko 
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesTo evaluate whether the extent of seminal vesicle invasion of prostatic adenocarcinoma can stratify the risk of biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy.MethodsWe carried out radical prostatectomy for 1309 patients with prostatic adenocarcinoma between 2006 and 2019; 135 (10.3%) patients had seminal vesicle invasion. After excluding patients with neo‐/adjuvant therapy, we reviewed 105 patients. We analyzed the correlation of the extent of seminal vesicle invasion and biochemical recurrence‐free survival after prostatectomy and adjusted by various clinicopathological factors in multivariate analyses. Seminal vesicle invasion was stratified into three groups; the proximal part from the base was defined as level 1, followed by level 2 and the distal part as level 3.ResultsAmong the 105 patients, 30 (29%), 54 (51%) and 21 patients (20%) had seminal vesicle invasion at levels 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Median times to biochemical recurrence were 110, 67 and 12 months in patients with levels 1, 2 and 3, respectively (P = 0.002). The extent of seminal vesicle invasion was the independent risk factor for biochemical recurrence in univariate (level 3 vs 1, P = 0.001; level 3 vs 2, P = 0.015) and multivariate analyses (level 3 vs 1, P = 0.025; level 3 vs 2, P = 0.030).ConclusionsThe extent of seminal vesicle invasion might be a significant predictor of biochemical recurrence in prostate cancer patients undergoing radical prostatectomy.
Practicing in exile: Syrian healthcare professionals working in informal outpatient clinics in Istanbul
Authors: Sürmeli Aral , Yasin Yesim , Umay Tolunay Tuana , User Inci , Topsever Pinar 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTurkey hosts the largest proportion of Syrian refugees worldwide. Although Syrian refugees enjoy similar rights to health as Turkish citizens, some barriers can limit access to healthcare in practice. The healthcare needs of the Syrian population led to the emergence of "informal" clinics operated by Syrian healthcare professionals whom the Ministry of Health does not authorize to practice in Turkey. This qualitative study explores the views of 22 healthcare professionals working in such clinics about health provision for Syrian refugees. Focus groups and in‐depth interviews were transcribed and thematically coded. Language and cultural barriers, ill‐effects of immigration, insecurity concerning living conditions and expected lawful contribution to health services emerged as themes. Participants suggested that formal authorization to practice in Turkey for the Syrian healthcare workforce would be a good step towards caring for the Syrian population in Turkey.
Measuring Disability in Consumers of mental health services – psychometric properties of the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0) in Ghana
Authors: Badu Eric , Mitchell Rebecca , O’Brien Anthony Paul , Osei Akwasi , Rubin Mark 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe World Health Disability Assessment Scale (WHODAS‐2.0) has widely been accepted as the standard measure of disability. However, psychometric testing is mostly performed in developed countries. This paper aims to assess the psychometric properties (reliability, validity) of the WHODAS‐2.0 among consumers of mental health services in Ghana. Two translators (expert in English language and Akan language) performed forward and backward translation of the WHODAS‐2.0 from English language to Ghanaian language (Twi). A total of 510 consumers of mental health services were recruited consecutively to complete the WHODAS‐2.0 using RedCAP. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to analyse the data. All domains in the 6‐factor solutions had excellent internal consistency (ω = 0.90–0.98), sufficient convergent validity and had satisfactory discriminant validity except for domain on participation. The CFA model confirmed that the data had a good model fit, CFI = 0.97, TLI = 0.96, RMESA = 0.05, RMR = 0.03; NFI = 0.94; χ2 = 1243.8, df = 529, P < 0.001. Although the WHODAS 2.0 had satisfactory psychometric properties and was thus considered to be a reliable and valid measure for assessing disability and level of functioning in consumers of mental health services, researchers and clinicians should re‐consider items within the participation domain. Also, practitioners are encouraged to integrate the WHODAS‐2.0 into the collection of data on clinical outcomes, as well as, collecting data on government social protection intervention programmes for consumers.
Lethal ageism in the shadow of pandemic response tactics
Authors: McDonald Tracey 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimThis paper examines aspects of pandemic policy responses to the COVID‐19 and SARS‐CoV‐2 variants and presents an integrated view of the consequences of response tactics at national and health service levels for older adults.BackgroundNurses are positioned at the intersection of health service and policy implementation; therefore, their influence on clinical protocols and health policy directions post pandemic is crucial to preventing further premature deaths in the 65+ years age group and others.Sources of evidencePerspectives presented here are based on a critical evaluation of the many published reports, comments, research and insights concerning the pandemic. That evidence, combined with my experience in various fields of study and professional service, enables me to envisage what some decisions and policies may mean for older people, nurses and societies worldwide.DiscussionEstablished information on world population patterns and the location and health of national groups has been made less reliable by population shifts caused by years of geo‐political conflicts and now the impact of the pandemic. Added to this already chaotic context, the pandemic has further disrupted societies, health services and economies. Ageist responses by these systems have further disadvantaged older people and generated trust deficits that need to be resolved.ConclusionWhen the pandemic recedes, policy and management decisions taken by governments and hospital administrators will be a telling indicator of whether the established systematic ageism exposed during the pandemic will continue to compromise the health and longevity of older adults.Implications for nursing, health and social policyThe ascendency of nursing influence within the health and social policy environment must be further strengthened to enable nurses to champion equity and fairness in the pandemic recovery effort.
Platform work in a Coordinated Market Economy
Authors: Funke Corinna , Picot Georg 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTo investigate whether platform work can grow even in political economies with an adverse institutional environment, we examine Germany as a least likely case. We assess what constrains the growth of platform work in Germany as well as whether existing economic and social institutions adapt to it. We find that platform work is being accommodated in the German political economy, but in a very limited space. The most important institution constraining platform work is social insurance, especially by increasing pressure to rein in bogus self‐employment. Government has so far not seen a need to intervene with new regulation. Within the space that has been carved out for platform work, the traditional institutions of German social partnership are adapting to accommodate and monitor it. Overall, the main actors in the German political economy have a watchful eye on platform work but deal with the phenomenon in a characteristically consensual way.
Experiential Learning in Basic Design Studio: Body, Space and the Design Process
Authors: Caner Yüksel Çağla , Dinç Uyaroğlu İlkay 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBasic Design is the beginning of design course series in architectural education which initiates architecture students to both architectural education and the profession. First‐year design curricula have generally common goals of students’ acquisitions about design knowledge, skill and competence; however, ways of teaching may vary. Here, we discuss our approach to teaching basic design during the second semester focusing on a particular phase of the curriculum. The aim of the article is to evaluate our teaching method, which is based on Kolb’s Experiential Learning Theory and targets at developing students’ comprehension and internalisation of body and space relations. Experiential Learning Theory underscores a four‐stage learning cycle: concrete experience, reflective observation, abstract conceptualisation and active experimentation. Referring to this cycle, we prioritised real‐life experiences to encourage students to explore various ways, modes and stages of designing. The cycle begins with lived experiences of body movements and space through ‘contact improvisation’ which simultaneously involves discovering movements of one’s body in relation to other bodies and space using basics of sharing improvised touch and movement consciousness. While practising contact improvisation in groups, students reflect on their experiences through sketches, photographs and videos. Based on their reflections, they produce three‐dimensional abstractions, which later transform into spatial designs. By the end, we state that these experimental exercises positively contribute to teaching/learning ‘body, scale and space’ within the basic design curriculum and question how future studies can be articulated to enhance design learning.
Disruptions Encouraged: Ubiquitous Technologies and Teaching Complex Studio Processes
Authors: Makemson Justin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTeaching complex studio processes requires methods beyond linear step‐by‐step instruction and methods more consistent with authentic studio practices. Instructors have to be able to deconstruct their own decision‐making processes, processes that have become somewhat automatic through experience, and then use this insight to anticipate how learners with less experience might respond when presented with a similar series of creative dilemmas. The author outlines a project in which pre‐service art teachers in a secondary methods course employ technology‐mediated methods, i.e. graphic organisers, instructional videos and online learning guides, to better understand complex studio processes and how to teach those processes through ubiquitous technologies The qualities of this work became evident during the 2020 coronavirus (COVID‐19) pandemic and consequent school closures, when the pandemic presented teacher preparation programmes with a unique challenge in how to negotiate pre‐service teaching practicums in a semester where students did not have ready access to a secondary art classroom.
Evaluation of serum calcium differences in hypertensive crises and control patients: A randomly matched case‐control study
Authors: Onor IfeanyiChukwu O. , Duchane Rose M. , Payne Casey J. , Lambert Hannah Naquin , Mitchner DeMaurian M. , Beyl Robbie A. , Nguyen Anh T. , Bilbe Sarah E. , White Andrea Arriaga , Johnson Mariah W. , Faciane Amber I. , Kouagou Emmanuel , Hymel Stephanie A. , Wates Bria M. , Sanders Asia D. , Vo Phillip C. B. , Bates Jordan D. , Spooner Raven J. , Gillard Christopher J. , Okogbaa John I. , Sarpong Daniel F. , Hadgu Rim M. , Okpechi Samuel C. , Onor Gabriel I. , Okoronkwo Michael C. , Naljayan Mihran V. , Guillory Shane G. , Sanne Shane E. ,   CardioRenal Research Group (CRRG)
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe role of calcium in blood pressure has been widely studied among hypertensive patients; however, no study has explored the role of calcium in hypertensive crises. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the differences in serum calcium levels between hypertensive crises patients and a 1:1 random matched controls (age‐, sex‐, race‐, diabetes, and body mass index matched). This study is a single‐center, retrospective, chart review, case‐control study of patients with hypertensive crises (case group) and patients without hypertensive crises (control group). Patients were included in the case group if they were 18 years of age or older with hypertensive crises and have a documented calcium level. The control group patients were required to be 18 years of age or older, have a documented calcium level, and have no diagnosis of hypertensive crises. The primary outcome of the study was to compare the mean serum calcium in patients with hypertensive crises vs patients without hypertensive crises. Five hundred and sixty‐six patients were included in the study: 283 patients in both the case group and control group. The primary outcome results showed that serum calcium concentration was not significantly different between the case group (8.99 ± 0.78 mg/dL) and control group (8.96 ± 0.75 mg/dL) (P = .606). This study found no significant difference in serum calcium levels in patients with hypertensive crises compared to a random matched control group. Larger observational or experimental studies may be useful to evaluate the effect of calcium on blood pressure in hypertensive crises.
SD‐36 promotes growth inhibition and induces apoptosis via suppression of Mcl‐1 in glioma
Authors: Kong Shiqi , Ge Xinbo , Li Xin , Liu Zhenbo , Zhang Rui , Yang Ming , Wang Zhenhai , Li Zhenzhong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGlioma is one of the most commonly observed tumours, representing approximately 75% of brain tumours in the adult population. Generally, glioma therapy includes surgical resection followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The transcription factor STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) is a promising target for the treatment of cancer and several other diseases. At nanomolar concentrations, SD‐36 induces rapid cellular degradation of STAT3 but cannot degrade other STAT proteins. The current study demonstrates the therapeutic efficacies of the STAT3 degraders SD‐36 against glioma, as well as understanding the elucidating mechanisms and identifying molecular markers that determine cell sensitivity to STAT3 degraders. Glioma cell lines possessed similar response patterns to SD‐36 but different responses to the STAT3 inhibitor Stattic. SD‐36 potently induced apoptosis in glioma cells along with a reduction in Mcl‐1 levels, which are critical for mediating the induction of apoptosis and enhancing TMZ‐induced apoptosis. Accordingly, SD‐36 sensitizes the antitumour effect of TMZ in patient‐derived xenograft. In addition, the downregulation of Mcl‐1 expression‐mediated antitumour effect of SD‐36 was analysed in cell‐derived xenograft. These observations need to be validated clinically to confirm the efficacy of STAT3 degraders in glioma.