bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Local Opt-Out Provisions in a State Gambling Expansion: An Analysis of Pennsylvania Municipalities
Authors: Yaskewich David 
Published: December 2021

A 2017 gambling expansion bill in Pennsylvania included a provision that gave municipalities the option to ban a new casino from opening within their borders. This paper examined how different factors influenced local decisions on whether to allow casino gambling. Multilevel linear probability models indicated that municipalities were influenced by economic characteristics, as evidenced by a higher likelihood of allowing casinos in communities with lower levels of household income. Results also suggested that municipalities were influenced by variables related to tax competition and the percentage of residents who were black. The findings of this study identify factors that may influence municipal governments when given the authority to opt out of a state gambling expansion capable of generating a new source of local tax revenue.
Internacionalização em casa pela telecolaboração:
Authors: Schaefer Rodrigo , Heemann Christiane 
Published: December 2021

A telecolaboração, definida como o uso de tecnologias on-line no ensino-aprendizagem de línguas entre alunos geograficamente dispersos (O’DOWD, 2013a) assume, conforme O’Dowd (2021), relevância para a comunicação intercultural no contexto da Internacionalização em Casa (IeC) (BEELEN; JONES, 2015). Esta última representa uma internacionalização mais inclusiva, materializada pelo desenvolvimento de competências, tais como a competência internacional, a intercultural e a global, no interior da própria instituição. Considerando que o processo de Internacionalização do Currículo (IoC) ocorre à luz da abordagem intercultural (LUNA, 2018a), um exercício de reflexão por parte dos autores deste estudo concernente ao grau de internacionalização da disciplina Inglês Instrumental em um curso do Instituto Federal Catarinense (IFC) revelou que a referida disciplina não abrange indicativos de internacionalização alicerçados nos aportes teóricos da IoC pela perspectiva intercultural. Uma alternativa encontrada foi a implementação de três ações, envolvendo telecolaboração mediante projetos, articuladas com a disciplina em tela. Nosso estudo, de abordagem qualitativa, teve o objetivo de discutir como a IeC tem sido materializada no IFC por meio da telecolaboração. Os dados que foram submetidos a análises foram coletados mediante relatos de experiência e entrevista. O estudo mostrou que as atividades telecolaborativas têm contribuído para processos iniciais de IeC na instituição, no sentido de que tem havido oportunidades para o encontro e diálogo interculturais entre brasileiros e falantes de espanhol e de inglês de diferentes países. Ainda, tem sido possível, por meio de tais atividades, fomentar a discussão sobre essencialismos culturais, pensamentos hegemônicos e diferentes questões relacionadas às sociedades contemporâneas.
The Propagation Properties of a Laguerre–Gaussian Beam in Nonlinear Plasma
Authors: Qiangbo Suo , Han Yiping , Cui Zhiwei 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The self-focusing properties of the Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) beam in nonlinear plasma, characterized by significant collisional or ponderomotive nonlinearity have been explored. The second-order differential equation of the beam width is established from Maxwell’s equations with Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin (WKB) and paraxial like approximation. The effect of the vortex charge number, intensity parameter and plasma temperature on the self-focusing properties of the Laguerre-Gaussian beam has been investigated.
Synthesis of Copper–nitrogen Codoped Carbon Quantum Dots Using Frangipani as a Carbon Source and Application of Metronidazole Determination
Authors: Lan Lan Yuwei , Lan Yuwei , Bao Wenbin , Liang Chunfeng , Li Guowei , Yang Jiachu , Wei Liubai , Su Qionghua 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
High-fluorescence Cu/N codoped carbon quantum dots (Cu/NCQDs) were prepared by a one-step hydrothermal method using frangipani as the carbon source and copper acetate as the copper source. The Cu/NCQDs exhibited high-intensity, stable blue fluorescence that is independent of the excitation wavelength. Since metronidazole can effectively quench the fluorescence intensity of Cu/NCQDs, a metronidazole fluorescence-detection method using Cu/NCQDs as the fluorescence probe was developed, and the quenching mechanism was studied.The method has the advantages of simplicity, speed, and low cost. Besides,it has a wider linear range and detection limit. Further, the metronidazole content in actual samples was determined by this method, with good results.
COVID 19 breakthrough infection risk: a simple physical model describing the dependence on antibody concentration
Authors: Williams David E 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The empirically-observed dependence on blood IgG anti-receptor binding domain antibody concentration of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine efficacy against infection has a rational explanation in the statistics of binding of antibody to spike proteins on the virus surface: namely that the probability of protection is the probability of antibody binding to more than a critical number of the spike proteins protruding from the virus. The model is consistent with the observed antibody concentrations required to induce immunity and with the observed dependence of vaccine efficacy on antibody concentration and thus is a useful tool in the development of models to relate, for an individual person, risk of breakthrough infection given measured antibody concentration
Predesign cost estimation of a potential wastewater treatment plant for Jordan petroleum refinery-Electrocoagulation
Authors: Sakhel Simon , Geissen Sven-Uwe 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to investigate whether simulated Jordan refinery wastewater can be treated through electrocoagulation (EC) to conform to the most stringent Jordanian norms for reusing this wastewater for irrigation of cut flowers and to perform cost analysis for a treatment plant whose core are the EC reactors. The method used for estimating the fixed (capital) costs of the treatment plant is taken from literature and is based on a study estimate (factored estimate) that depends on the knowledge of major items of equipment. Most of the operating costs are estimated based on percentages which are also taken from literature. The best percentage removal of COD, BOD, TSS, fat, oil& grease (FOG), bicarbonate (HCO3 −), and phenol from simulated Jordan refinery wastewater so that it conforms to Jordanian norms were 84.4%, 82.1%, 27.3%, at least 98.8%, 94.9%, at least 96.7%, respectively, at a current of 10 A, treatment time of 5 minutes, Al/SS electrodes, and inter-electrode distance 10 mm. Overall treatment costs for the simulated wastewater was 10.75 $/m3 (27 $/kg CODremoved). It is concluded that simulated Jordan refinery wastewater cannot be treated so that it conforms to the most stringent norms for using the treated wastewater for cut flowers irrigation but could be treated enough to conform to the Jordanian norms for using the treated water for irrigation of cooked vegetables, parks, and playgrounds. Moreover, EC is a suitable technology for the treatment of Jordanian recalcitrant refinery wastewater and the cost for its treatment is affordable.
Coping with and Adapting to Climate and Non-Climate Stressors Within the Small-Scale Farming, Fishing and Seaweed Growing Sectors, Zanzibar
Authors: Makame Makame Omar , Shackleton Sheona , Filho walter Leal 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The Eastern African region is witnessing changes in climate conditions and rising sea levels due to the influences of global warming interacting with weather phenomenon such as El Nino and La Nina. These trends, as well as more intense extreme weather events, highlight the urgent need for appropriate adaptation responses at both the national and local level. This is especially the case for the numerous small islands of the region that are particularly vulnerable to climate change. This paper reports on a study that examined coping and adaptation responses to climate and non-climate stressors amongst coastal communities on two Zanzibar islands (Pemba and Unguja) in Tanzania. The study focused on three of the primary livelihood activities on the islands, namely, seaweed growing, fishing, and crop and livestock farming. Using mainly survey data, we explored the responses of farmers, fishermen, and seaweed growers to multiple shocks and stressors. We further investigated responses that were discontinued for various reasons, as well as any barriers to adaptation encountered by these communities. We found that coastal communities in both Kiuyu Mbuyuni, Pemba and Matemwe, Unguja face a range of interrelated shocks and stressors linked to their livelihood activities, some of which they were able to respond to primarily through coping strategies. However, their attempts to adapt in the longer term as well as to venture outside their traditional activities were constrained by several barriers. Some of these barriers operate beyond the individual and community capability to overcome, whilst others - like social and cultural barriers – can be addressed at the local level but need a concerted effort and political will. We draw the findings together into a conceptual framework to help unpack the implications these hold for coastal communities on the two islands. We then suggest ways to build resilience in local livelihoods and overcome barriers to climate change adaptation in the future.
Awareness About Colorectal Cancer among Young Adults in Poland
Authors: Fudalej Marta , Badowska-Kozakiewicz Anna , Pikul Julia , Deptała Andrzej 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most predominant malignancies among the adult population. Most cases of CRC develop from non-malignant precursor lesions called adenomas over a long time, which provides an opportunity for prevention with screening programmes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the knowledge and awareness level concerning colorectal cancer epidemiology, risk factors, symptoms, and prevention among young society in Poland. The knowledge was examined with an anonymous survey between February and March 2021. Statistical analysis was performed and differences were considered significant if the p-value obtained was smaller than the assumed level of significance p ≤ 0.05. Respondents were mostly female, living in a city, with a population of over 500 thousand. The study acquired information that might guide educators about knowledge deficit among young society in Poland. The results confirmed that education, family/friends history of CRC and a place of residence differentiate knowledge and awareness about CRC. They revealed a significant knowledge gap between rural and urban inhabitants as well as a medical and non-medical group.
Fungal Spores in Insect Trapping Fluids: Simultaneous Sampling for Insects and Pathogens
Authors: Berube Jean A , Allison Jeremy D. , Rooyen Kate Van , Hughes Cory , Gagné Patrick N. , Sweeney Jon 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Surveillance for early detection of non-native, invasive pathogens requires simple, sturdy, and easy to use collecting devices. In this study, we compared the fungal species detected in wet collection cups of Lindgren traps versus those detected on slides with oiled cheesecloth as aerial spore collectors. DNA was extracted and amplified from both using the primers ITS1F -ITS7G, and Illumina sequencing was used for metabarcoding of fungi present in samples. In 90 samples there were 1277 fungal OTUs. For fungal OTUs only detected by one collection method, insect traps had three times the number of fungal OTUs compared to slides, and this pattern persisted when analyses were restricted to pathogens and forest pathogens. Annually, thousands of insect traps are deployed in North America and the associated trap fluids have added value in forest disease research and monitoring.
Biostabilization of Gold Mine Tailings: Co-Inoculation of Cyanobacteria Under Sterile and Non-Sterile Conditions
Authors: Rezasoltani Samira , Champagne Pascale , Mann Vanessa 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Cyanobacterial crust formation has attracted attention for stabilizing erosion-susceptible soils in desert regions. However, limited information exists on its application in waste impoundments such as mine tailings. Identifying suitable inoculants with the ability to develop biocrusts in the more toxic conditions of mine tailings represents a challenge for exploiting this biotechnology for such applications. In this study, the performance of two nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria (Anabaena sp. and Nostoc muscorum), individually and as a consortium, in creating biocrusts over gold mine tailings were investigated under sterile and non-sterile conditions. The results showed that Anabaena sp. and the co-inoculation of the species promoted higher synthesis of chlorophyll-a and total EPS compared to N. muscorum. The inoculated strains also exhibited different responses in the amount of the EPS fractions. The less soluble and more condensed tightly bound EPS represented a higher fraction of total EPS with co-inoculation and N. muscorum. With respect to wind erosion resistance and compressive strength of the biocrusts generated, co-inoculation showed better performance, followed by N. muscorum, while Anabaena sp. appeared to be less effective. The presence of indigenous microbial community within the tailings influenced the biostabilization performance of Anabaena sp., while the influence was insignificant under co-inoculation and N. muscorum. Overall, inoculating the cyanobacteria in a mixture with complementary traits (higher chlorophyll-a synthesis and total EPS secretion of Anabaena sp. vs. higher TB-EPS fraction and filamentous growth of N. muscorum) presented an effective strategy in the development of a resistant biocrust against wind erosion. With this inoculation strategy, the beneficial effects of the individual strains on biocrust formation could be combined, thus a comparatively stronger structure could be formed. Besides chlorophyll-a content, factors such as cyanobacteria morphology and EPS fractions would contribute to the biostabilization process. The results also suggested that sterilization of the tailings would influence the performance of cyanobacteria depending on the inoculant. Thus, the response of inoculants to other microbial communities should be considered prior to field-scale application.
Adjuvant Radiotherapy is Associated with an Increase of Survival of Old (Aged Over 80 Years) and Very Old (Aged Over 90 Years) Women with Breast Cancer Receiving Breast-Conserving Surgery
Authors: Zhang Jiaqiang , Sum Shao-Yin , Chang Chia-Lun , Hsu Jeng-Guan , Chiang Ming-Feng , Lee Tian-Shyug , Wu Szu-Yuan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUND: To date,no data on the effect of adjuvant whole-breast radiotherapy (WBRT) on oncologic outcomes, such as all-cause death, locoregional recurrence (LRR), and distant metastasis (DM), are available forold (aged ≥80 years) and very old (≥90 years) women with breast invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) receiving breast-conserving conservative surgery (BCS).PATIENTS AND METHODS: We enrolled old (≥80 yearsold) and very old (≥90 yearsold) women with breast IDC who had received BCS followed by adjuvant WBRT or no adjuvant WBRT. We groupedthem based on adjuvant WBRT status and compared their overall survival (OS), LRR, and DM outcomes. To reduce the effects of potential confounders when comparing all-cause mortality between the groups, propensity score matching was performed.RESULTS:Overall, 752 older women with IDC received BCS followed by adjuvant WBRT, and 752 with IDC received BCS with no adjuvant WBRT.In multivariable Cox regression analysis, the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of all-cause death for adjuvant WBRT compared with no adjuvant WBRT in older women with IDC receiving BCS was 0.56 (0.44-0.70). The aHRs (95% CIs) of LRR and DM foradjuvant WBRT were 0.29 (0.19-0.45) and 0.45 (0.32-0.62), respectively, compared with no adjuvant WBRT.CONCLUSION: Adjuvant WBRT was associated with decreases in all-cause death, LRR, and DM in old (aged ≥80 years) and very old (aged ≥90 years) women with IDC compared with no adjuvant WBRT.Condensed Abstract: This study is the first to examine the effect of adjuvant whole-breast radiotherapy (WBRT) on oncologic outcomes such as all-cause death, locoregional recurrence (LRR), and distant metastasis (DM) in old (aged ≥80 years) and very old (aged ≥90 years) women with breast invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) receiving breast-conserving surgery. After propensity score matching, adjuvant WBRT was associated with decreases in all-cause death, LRR, and DM in old and very old women with IDC compared with no use of adjuvant WBRT.
Rock Thickness Identification by XGBoost with Logging Data
Authors: LIU Weikai , ZHAO Yanbin , YANG Mei , XU Yueqing , LI Guangming 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Based on research on the response mechanism of rock formations and reservoirs to logging curves, 12 logging curves selected by combining the depth characteristics of formations are proposed to identify rock formations and reservoirs using four algorithms: logistic regression (LR), support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF) and XGBoost. Out of 60 wells in the study block, 57 wells were selected for training and learning, and the remaining 3 wells were used as prediction samples for testing the algorithm. The recognition of rock formations and reservoirs is performed by each of these four machine learning algorithms, and predictive knowledge is obtained separately. It was found that the accuracy of the 4 algorithms for rock formation and reservoir layer identification reached over 90%, but the XGBoost algorithm was found to be the best in terms of the 4 scoring criteria of F1-score, precision, recall and accuracy. The accuracy of rock formation identification could reach over 95%, and the correlation analysis between the logging curve and rock formation could be performed on this basis. The results show that the RMN, RLLD and RLLS have the most obvious responses to the sandstone layer, off-surface reservoir and effective thickness layer, and the CAL has the least effect on the formation and reservoir identification, which can provide an effective reference for the selection and dimensionality reduction of the subsequent logging curves.
No Impact of Psychosocial Stress on Glioblastoma Development
Authors: Durrechou Quentin , Engelhardt Julien , Jecko Vincent , Domblides Charlotte , Catry-Thomas Isabelle , Loiseau Hugues , Planchon Charlotte , De Grimal Sandrine , BRONNIMANN Charlotte 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Psychosocial stress represents an important source of questions in the potential implication of origin of cancer. The aim of the study was to assess stress prevalence prior to diagnosis of wild-type IDH glioblastoma.Methods: This prospective single-center study enrolled consecutive new cases of wild-type IDH glioblastoma diagnosed between December 2019 and March 2021 at the University Hospital of Bordeaux. A standardized patient self-assessment stress questionnaire explored both the presence of stressor exposure and the intensity of patient stress level prior to the diagnosis. Four groups were included: high stressors/high stress, high stressors/low stress, low stressors/low stress, and low stressors/high stress. Patient characteristics were collected. Statistical analysis was based on the Chi-square test and the Kaplan-Meier survival estimator.Results: Sixty-four patients with a median age of 66 years were included. Glioblastoma involved predominantly the frontal lobe (39%). Thirty-six patients (56.3%) presented a low stressor/low stress profile. Stress corresponded mainly to the death of a loved one or to family health problems. Among working professionals, 20 patients (67.5%) reported low-intensity work stress. A history of depression was found in 30%. Progression-free survival at 6 months was 45.3% and median overall survival was estimated to be 16.5 months. Level and presence of stress did not differ based on location of tumour. No association was found between stress and tumour progression or overall survival.Conclusion: A majority of patients in this study had low exposure to stressors as well as low stress level. Psychological stress did not seem to favour the emergence of glioblastoma or survival.
Intercomparison of Radiosensitization Induced by Gold and Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in Human Glioblastoma Cells Irradiated by 6 MV Photons
Authors: Guerra Danieli , Oliveira Elisa , Sonntag Amanda , Sbaraine Patrícia , Fay André , Morrone Fernanda , Papaleo Ricardo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this work, an intercomparison of sensitization effects produced by gold (GNP) and dextran-coated iron oxide (SPION-DX) nanoparticles in M059J and U87 human glioblastoma cells was performed using 6MV-photons. Three variables were mapped: the nanoparticle material, treatment concentration, and cell radiosensitivity. For U87, GNP treatments resulted in high sensitization enhancement ratios (SER10% up to 2.04). More modest effects were induced by SPION-DX, but still significant reductions in survival were achieved (maximum SER10%=1.61). For the radiosensitive M059J, sensitization by both NPs was poor. SER10% increased with the degree of elemental uptake in the cells, but not necessarily with treatment concentration. For GNP, where exposure concentration and elemental uptake were found to be proportional, SER10% increased linearly with concentration in both cell lines. For SPION-DX, saturation of sensitization enhancement and metal uptake occurred at high exposures. Fold change in the α/β ratios extracted from survival curves are reduced by the presence of SPION-DX but strongly increased by GNPs, suggesting that sensitization by GNPs occurs mainly via promotion of lethal damage, while for SPION-DX repairable damage dominates. The NPs were more effective in eliminating the radioresistant glioblastoma cells, an interesting finding, as resistant cells are key targets to improve treatment outcome.
Broadband Design of Acoustic Metasurfaces for the Stabilization of a Mach 4 Boundary Layer Flow
Authors: Zhao Rui , Liu Xiao , Wen Chih-Yung , Wang Xiaoyong 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A piecewise acoustic metasurface is designed to suppress the first mode while marginally amplifying the Mack second mode in a Mach 4 flat-plate boundary layer (BL) flow. The results of linear stability theory (LST) and the eN method demonstrate the stabilization effect and transition delay performance, respectively. However, the direct numerical simulation (DNS) results indicate that the designed broadband acoustic metasurface actually weakly excites the first mode with a slightly larger fluctuating pressure amplitude at the surface, which is in contrast to the analysis of LST. The discrepancies are found to lie in the ‘roughness’ effect caused by the recirculation zones inside the microslits and the alternating expansion and compression waves induced at the slit edges, which significantly amplifies the first mode. For further clarification of the competitive mechanism between the acoustic stabilization and ‘roughness’ destabilization effects of metasurfaces on the first mode, a carefully designed metasurface is installed at the maximum growth rate region, which excites the first mode on the metasurface but inhibits its development downstream.