bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retrospective Comparison of Minimally Invasive and Open Monosegmental Lumbar Fusion, and Impact of Virtual Reality on Surgical Planning and Strategy
Authors: Zawy Alsofy Samer , Nakamura Makoto , Ewelt Christian , Kafchitsas Konstantinos , Lewitz Marc , Schipmann Stephanie , Suero Molina Eric , Santacroce Antonio , Stroop Ralf 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground and Study Aims Spinal fusion for symptomatic lumbar spondylolisthesis can be accomplished using an open or minimally invasive surgical (MIS) technique. Evaluation of segmental spondylolisthesis and instabilities and review of their therapies are inseparably connected with lumbar tomographic imaging. We analyzed a cohort of patients who underwent MIS or open monosegmental dorsal fusion and compared surgical outcomes along with complication rates. We furthermore evaluated the influence of virtual reality (VR) visualization on surgical planning in lumbar fusion.Material and Methods Patient files were retrospectively analyzed regarding patient- and disease-related data, operative performance, surgical outcomes, and perioperative surgical complications. Preoperative computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were retrospectively visualized via VR software. A questionnaire evaluated the influence of three-dimensional (3D) VR images versus two-dimensional CT and MRI scans on therapy planning, fusion method, and surgical technique and procedure.Results Overall, 171 patients were included (MIS/open: 90/81). MIS was associated with less blood loss, shorter surgery time and hospital stay, lower complication rates, equivalent long-term patient-reported outcomes, but lower fusion rates and higher late reoperation rates than open surgery. Image presentation using VR significantly influenced the recommended surgical therapies (decompression only/decompression and fusion; p = 0.02), had no significant influence on the recommended fusion method (rigid/dynamic/stand-alone; p = 0.77), and, in cases of rigid fusion, a significant influence on the recommended technique (MIS/open; p = 0.03) and fusion procedure (p = 0.02).Conclusion In patients with monosegmental degenerative or isthmic spondylolisthesis, MIS fusion was advantageous concerning perioperative complication rates and perioperative surgical outcomes, but disadvantageous regarding fusion and reoperation rates compared to open fusion. 3D-VR-based analysis of sectional images significantly influenced the recommended surgical planning.
Ruptured MCA Aneurysm Mimicking MCA Territory Ischemic Stroke: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: De Trizio Ignazio , Reinert Michael , Robert Thomas 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) can be considered one of the major neurologic and neurosurgical emergencies that need a time-dependent diagnosis and treatment. On rare occasions, an aneurysmal rupture may also present with isolated ICH without subarachnoid hemorrhage. We present the case of a 48-year-old woman presenting in our neurosurgical department with ICH and a right middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion that, 6 weeks after the initial surgical management, unveiled a large MCA aneurysm treated with a clipping. In this study, we discuss our hypothesis about the etiology and the pathophysiology of this rare phenomenon in the light of the literature in the field.
Dissecting Aneurysm of the L1 Radiculomedullary Artery Associated with Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Case Report
Authors: Crobeddu Emanuela , Pilloni Giulia , Zenga Francesco , Cossandi Christian , Garbossa Diego , Lanotte Michele 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background Both spinal artery aneurysm and spinal subarachnoid hemorrhage represent a very rare event.
Methods We report a case of a ruptured dissecting aneurysm of the right L1 radiculomedullary artery associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage and severe motor weakness.
Results An urgent decompressive hemilaminectomy was performed due to worsening in motor deficit. A subsequent spinal angiography showed a dissection of radiculomedullary artery of L1 on the right side, treated conservatively.
Conclusion Nowadays, therapeutic strategies for this aneurysm remain controversial. Conservative strategy can represent a valid alternative.
Long-Term Results of Arthroscopic Capsular Shrinkage for Palmar Midcarpal Instability of the Wrist
Authors: Ricks Matthew , Belward Peter , Hargreaves David 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background Midcarpal instability is a term for a collection of poorly understood conditions where the proximal row of the carpus is unstable. The most common type of midcarpal instability is palmar midcarpal instability (PMCI). Treatment for PMCI includes nonoperative proprioceptive retraining of the wrist, splints, and strengthening. If this fails, various authors have suggested several different fusions, tenodesis procedures, or capsular shrinkage. There are no long-term case series in the literature.
Objective The aim of this study is to assess the long-term results of arthroscopic capsular shrinkage when used for PMCI of the wrist.
Methods A prospective cohort study of patients who underwent arthroscopic capsular shrinkage for PMCI was performed. Ethical board approval was given for this study. All patients were followed up and reviewed independently from the operating surgeon. Assessment included a structured questionnaire, disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) questionnaire, and clinical examination using a goniometer. PMCI was assessed objectively with the anterior drawer test and radiological imaging was only performed if clinically relevant to the residual symptoms.
Results Thirteen patients (15 wrists) underwent arthroscopic capsular shrinkage for PMCI. Twelve patients (14 wrists) were available for clinical review with a follow-up rate of 92.3%. The mean time from index procedure to final review was 12 years (range: 10–14years). The symptoms of instability had completely resolved in nine wrists (7 patients). Only 2 of the 14 wrists had symptoms that were reproduced with a positive anterior drawer test. All other wrists were stable on objective assessment. The mean DASH score had improved from pre op of 34 to post op of 12.1 and at 12-year follow-up this had deteriorated minimally to 15.3. Assessment of the range of motion showed an average increase in range of flexion/extension by 22 degrees. Patient satisfaction was excellent. The patients rated that nine wrists were much better than presurgery, three as better, one unchanged, and one worse.
Discussion/Conclusion There are no studies looking at the long-term natural history of treatments for PMCI. The lead author proposes a grading system for symptomatic PMCI that has been retrospectively applied to this cohort. It is a grading system from 1 to 4 and is based on a treatment algorithm. This is the first long-term study from any joint, where the results of capsular shrinkage have been maintained over time. In this series, we have not seen any deleterious effect from possible mechanoreceptor injury. We suspect that functioning mechanoreceptors are more relevant in the unstable joint, than the structurally stable joint. The authors propose that thermal capsular shrinkage is an effective and durable option for use in mild-to-moderate forms of PMCI.
Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evidence of Sparing Centered Along the Cephalic Vein
Authors: Kim Geunwon , Johnson Anna Rose , Hamaguchi Ryoko , Adondakis Michael , Tsai Leo L. , Singhal Dhruv 
Published: January 2021

Abstract:
Background A distinct pattern of edema distribution is seen in breast cancer-related lymphedema. The area of edema sparing has not been characterized in relation to anatomy. Specifically, alternate lymphatic pathways are known to travel adjacent to the cephalic vein. Our study aims to define the location of edema sparing in the arm relative to the cephalic vein.
Methods A retrospective review of patients who underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) between March 2017 and September 2018 was performed. Variables including patient demographics, arm volumes, and MRI data were extracted. MRIs were reviewed to define the amount of sparing, or angle of sparing, and the deviation between the center of sparing and the cephalic vein, or angle of deviation.
Results A total of 34 consecutive patients were included in the analysis. Five patients demonstrated circumferential edema (no sparing) and 29 patients demonstrated areas of edema sparing. Advanced age (69.7 vs. 57.6 years) and greater excess arm volume (40.4 vs. 20.8%) correlated with having circumferential edema without sparing (p = 0.003). In 29 patients with areas of edema sparing, the upper arm demonstrated the greatest angle of sparing (183.2 degrees) and the narrowest in the forearm (99.9 degrees; p = 0.0032). The mean angle of deviation to the cephalic vein measured 3.2, –0.1, and –5.2 degrees at the upper arm, elbow, and forearm, respectively.
Conclusion Our study found that the area of edema sparing, when present, is centered around the cephalic vein. This may be explained by the presence of the Mascagni-Sappey (M-S) pathway as it is located alongside the cephalic vein. Our findings represent a key springboard for additional research to better elucidate any trends between the presence of the M-S pathway, areas of sparing, and severity of lymphedema.
Pituitary Carcinoma Diagnosis and Survival Improvement, with Affordable Care Act Correlation: A SEER Database Study
Authors: Wallace Nathan J. , Devaiah Anand K. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Introduction Pituitary carcinomas are challenging tumors to diagnose and treat due to their rarity and limited data surrounding their etiology. Traditionally, these patients have exhibited poor survival. Over the last several decades, our understanding of pituitary carcinomas has dramatically increased, and there have been recent initiatives to improve patient access to health care, including the Affordable Care Act (ACA). This study investigates whether there were any changes in incidence and treatment outcomes of pituitary carcinoma that correlated with these advances.
Methods A retrospective case review was conducted utilizing the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database of the National Cancer Institute. Those with primary site pituitary tumors with noncontiguous metastases were identified from 1975 to 2016. Demographic data, overall, and cause-specific outcomes were obtained. The data were analyzed using SPSS to generate 5-year Kaplan–Meier curves.
Results The incidence of pituitary carcinoma pre- and post-ACA was 0.31 and 2.14 diagnoses/year, respectively. This represents a significant increase (Chi-square, p < 0.00002). In addition, 1-, 2-, and 5-year overall survival of these patients was determined to be 88.2, 74.0, and 66.6% which was significantly improved compared with prior studies. Cause-specific survival of these patients follow similar trends exhibiting 94.1, 79.0, 71.1% after 1, 2, and 5 years, respectively.
Conclusion The survival for pituitary carcinoma has improved significantly which signals a change in how practitioners should counsel their patients. There is a significant surge in the number of cases in the post-ACA timeline, which suggests that improving patient access has played a part in wider recognition and treatment initiation for this disease.
A Comprehensive Approach to Midface Rejuvenation: Our Philosophy, Algorithm, and Surgical Technique
Authors: Lee Daniel D. , Lee Kathryn W. , Williams Edwin F. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWith a greater understanding of the aging process and relevant anatomy, the facial plastic surgeon has an expansive armamentarium of options for midface rejuvenation. Upon reflection, our practice has evolved over the years and only recently found a select number of interventions that have consistently produced excellent results. In this article, we discuss the steps needed to establish an effective patient relationship, present an algorithm on how to approach midface rejuvenation, describe our surgical technique, and review the attributes and liabilities of each procedure.
Management of Acute Soft Tissue Injuries of the Cheek and Principles of Scar Revision
Authors: Hudson Caroline , Olson Krista 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFacial soft tissue injury is a challenging and complex problem for the facial plastic and reconstructive surgeon for cosmetic and functional reasons. This article will focus on the management of soft tissue injuries of the cheek, one of the most important presenting areas of the face. The cheek, like any other part of the face, is susceptible to several types of injury and any of these injuries have the potential to disfigure and debilitate. Knowledge of anatomical structures and wound healing principles is critical to devising an appropriate management plan and achieving superior patient outcomes in scar revision cases. Multiple techniques to improve long-term scarring from facial soft tissue injuries are available.
The vacancy defects and oxygen atoms occupation effects on mechanical and electronic properties of Mo5Si3 silicides
Authors: Chen Jiaying , Zhang Xudong , Yang Linmei , Wang Feng 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Improving brittle behavior and mechanical properties is still a big challenge for high-temperature structural materials. By means of first-principles calculations, in this paper, we systematically investigate the effect of vacancy and oxygen occupation on the elastic properties and brittle-or-ductile behavior on Mo5Si3. Four vacancies (Si–Va1, Si–Va2, Mo–Va1, Mo–Va2) and oxygen occupation models (O–Mo1, O–Mo2, O–Si1, O–Si2) are selected for research. It is found that Mo–Va2 vacancy has the stronger structural stability in the ground state in comparison with other vacancies. Besides, the deformation resistance and hardness of the parent Mo5Si3 are weakened due to the introduction of different vacancy defects and oxygen occupation. The ratio of B/G indicates that oxygen atoms occupation and vacancy defects result in brittle-to-ductile transition for Mo5Si3. These vacancies and the oxygen atoms occupation change the localized hybridization between Mo–Si and Mo–Mo atoms. The weaker O–Mo bond is a contributing factor for the excellent ductile behavior in the O-Si2 model for Mo5Si3.
Visual cues added to a virtual environment paradigm do not improve motor arrests in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Janssen S , Heijs JJA , Bittner M , Droog E , Bloem BR , Van Wezel RJA , Heida T 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objective. Elucidating how cueing alleviates freezing of gait (FOG) in Parkinson’s disease (PD) would enable the development of more effective, personalized cueing strategies. Here, we aimed to validate a visual cueing virtual environment (VE) paradigm for future use in e.g. neuroimaging studies and behavioral studies on motor timing and scaling in PD patients with FOG. Approach. We included 20 PD patients with FOG and 16 age-matched healthy control subjects. Supine participants were confronted with a VE displaying either no cues, bars or staircases. They navigated forward using alternate suppression of foot pedals. Motor arrests (as proxy for FOG), and measures of motor timing and scaling were compared across the three VE conditions for both groups.Main results. VE cues (bars and staircases) did not reduce motor arrests in PD patients and healthy control subjects. The VE cues did reduce pedal amplitude in healthy control subjects, without effects on other motor parameters. Conclusion. We could not validate a visual cueing VE paradigm to study FOG. The VE cues possibly failed to convey the necessary spatial and temporal information to support motor timing and scaling. We discuss avenues for future research.
High-density neural recordings from feline sacral dorsal root ganglia with thin-film array
Authors: Sperry Zachariah J , Na Kyounghwan , Jun James , Madden Lauren R , Socha Alec , Yoon Eusik , Seymour John P , Bruns Tim M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objective. Dorsal root ganglia (DRG) are promising sites for recording sensory activity. Current technologies for DRG recording are stiff and typically do not have sufficient site density for high-fidelity neural data techniques. Approach. In acute experiments, we demonstrate single-unit neural recordings in sacral DRG of anesthetized felines using a 4.5 µm thick, high-density flexible polyimide microelectrode array with 60 sites and 30–40 µm site spacing. We delivered arrays into DRG with ultrananocrystalline diamond shuttles designed for high stiffness affording a smaller footprint. We recorded neural activity during sensory activation, including cutaneous brushing and bladder filling, as well as during electrical stimulation of the pudendal nerve and anal sphincter. We used specialized neural signal analysis software to sort densely packed neural signals. Main results. We successfully delivered arrays in five of six experiments and recorded single-unit sensory activity in four experiments. The median neural signal amplitude was 55 μV peak-to-peak and the maximum unique units recorded at one array position was 260, with 157 driven by sensory or electrical stimulation. In one experiment, we used the neural analysis software to track eight sorted single units as the array was retracted ∼500 μm. Significance. This study is the first demonstration of ultrathin, flexible, high-density electronics delivered into DRG, with capabilities for recording and tracking sensory information that are a significant improvement over conventional DRG interfaces.
A novel motor imagery EEG decoding method based on feature separation
Authors: Yang Lie , Song Yonghao , Ma Ke , Su Enze , Xie Longhan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objective. Motor imagery electroencephalography (EEG) decoding is a vital technology for the brain–computer interface (BCI) systems and has been widely studied in recent years. However, the original EEG signals usually contain a lot of class-independent information, and the existing motor imagery EEG decoding methods are easily interfered by this irrelevant information, which greatly limits the decoding accuracy of these methods. Approach. To overcome the interference of the class-independent information, a motor imagery EEG decoding method based on feature separation is proposed in this paper. Furthermore, a feature separation network based on adversarial learning (FSNAL) is designed for the feature separation of the original EEG samples. First, the class-related features and class-independent features are separated by the proposed FSNAL framework, and then motor imagery EEG decoding is performed only according to the class-related features to avoid the adverse effects of class-independent features. Main results. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed motor imagery EEG decoding method, we conduct some experiments on two public EEG datasets (the BCI competition IV 2a and 2b datasets). The experimental results comparison between our method and some state-of-the-art methods demonstrates that our motor imagery EEG decoding method outperforms all the compared methods on the two experimental datasets. Significance. Our motor imagery EEG decoding method can alleviate the interference of class-independent features, and it has great application potential for improving the performance of motor imagery BCI systems in the near future.
Pollution characteristics and harm to human health during the Spring Festival in Hohhot
Authors: Junhan Li 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper analyzes AQI, PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2 during the Spring Festival in 2019, at the same time, and all kinds of pollutants exceeded the range of national secondary standard concentration during this period. According to the previous data, the relationship between PM2.5 and atmospheric visibility and the harm of fine particles to human body were analyzed. The results showed that the mass concentration of PM2.5 has a great impact on the visibility of the atmosphere, when the concentration of fine particles exceeds a certain degree, it is harmful to human body. According to the standard, PM2.5 and PM10 are the most harmful to the environment and human body.
Application of geothermal temperature scale method in temperature estimation of underground heat storage in Rizhao coastal area
Authors: Bengu Yang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Rizhao coastal area is located in the southeast of Shandong Province. The development and utilization of geothermal resources are relatively low, and there are few geothermal wells. The research on the deep thermal storage temperature is not high in general. Therefore, this paper attempts to use the geothermal temperature scale method to evaluate the deep thermal storage temperature in this area. Geothermal temperature scale is an economic and effective means to evaluate the temperature of deep thermal reservoir. At present, the commonly used geothermal temperature scales can be divided into four categories: silica geothermal scale, cationic geothermal thermometer, isotopic geothermal thermometer and gas geothermal thermometer. Silica geothermal thermometer and cationic geothermal thermometer are the most studied ones in China and abroad. The empirical formulas of various temperature scales are established by using the relationship between equilibrium reaction of corresponding components in aqueous solution and temperature. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully study the equilibrium state of hot water and minerals and select a reliable geothermal temperature scale. In this paper, the mineral fluid equilibrium of geothermal water in Rizhao coastal camel rock (LTS) and platform (PT) is determined by using Na-K-Mg trigonometry method and multi mineral equilibrium graphic method established by watch program. It is considered that the geothermal water is unbalanced water, which proves that chalcedony temperature scale is more suitable for estimating the heat storage temperature of geothermal system in this area.
Impact of global dimming/brightening on estimating Angström-Prescott parameters based on geographically weighted regression in China
Authors: Wang Zhiguo , Du Junzhu , Zhao Na 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Variations of solar radiation is related to energy planning and architectural designing. It is important to estimate solar radiation from other climate factors because of the limited measurement solar radiation data. In this study, temporospatial changes of solar radiation and sunshine hour are analysed for global dimming/brightening periods based on meteorological data in China. Results show that the trends of solar radiation and sunshine hour are both decreasing dramatically for 1961–1990 (the global dimming period) but levelling off for 1991–2010 (the global brightening period), which indicates that sunshine hour can be used the reliable indicator of solar radiation. Spatially, the change trends of solar radiation are consistent with sunshine hour in 36 stations during the period of 1961–1990, but they are consistent in just 27 stations during the period of 1991–2010. To assess the impact of changing solar radiation on Angstrom-Prescott parameters (a and b) in the equation of solar radiation estimation from sunshine hour, geographically weighted regression is developed to calculate a and b. There is not dramatic difference in the spatial patterns of a and b for the period of 1961–2010 and 1961–1990. However, there is significantly inconsistent changes in a and b during the global brightening period compared with the global dimming period, which suggests that global dimming/brightening has important impact on estimating solar radiation from sunshine hour, with dramatic variability among different regions.