bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Natural Products as Potential Lead Compounds for Drug Discovery Against SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Ebob Oyere Tanyi , Babiaka Smith B. , Ntie-Kang Fidele 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFor the past 2 years, the coronavirus responsible for the COVID-19 infection has become a world pandemic, ruining the lives and economies of several nations in the world. This has scaled up research on the virus and the resulting infection with the goal of developing new vaccines and therapies. Natural products are known to be a rich source of lead compounds for drug discovery, including against infectious diseases caused by microbes (viruses, bacteria and fungi). In this review article, we conducted a literature survey aimed at identifying natural products with inhibitory concentrations against the coronaviruses or their target proteins, which lie below 10 µM. This led to the identification of 42 compounds belonging to the alkaloid, flavonoid, terpenoid, phenolic, xanthone and saponin classes. The cut off concentration of 10 µM was to limit the study to the most potent chemical entities, which could be developed into therapies against the viral infection to make a contribution towards limiting the spread of the disease.
Oxygen-Containing Functional Groups Regulating the Carbon/Electrolyte Interfacial Properties Toward Enhanced K+ Storage
Authors: Peng Yufan , Chen Zhen , Zhang Rui , Zhou Wang , Gao Peng , Wu Jianfang , Liu Hui , Liu Jilei , Hu Aiping , Chen Xiaohua 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Oxygen-containing functional groups were found to effectively boost the K+ storage performance of carbonaceous materials, however, the mechanism behind the performance enhancement remains unclear. Herein, we report higher rate capability and better long-term cycle performance employing oxygen-doped graphite oxide (GO) as the anode material for potassium ion batteries (PIBs), compared to the raw graphite. The in situ Raman spectroscopy elucidates the adsorption-intercalation hybrid K+ storage mechanism, assigning the capacity enhancement to be mainly correlated with reversible K+ adsorption/desorption at the newly introduced oxygen sites. It is unraveled that the C=O and COOH rather than C-O-C and OH groups contribute to the capacity enhancement. Based on in situ Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra and in situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), it is found that the oxygen-containing functional groups regulate the components of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), leading to the formation of highly conductive, intact and robust SEI. Through the systematic investigations, we hereby uncover the K+ storage mechanism of GO-based PIB, and establish a clear relationship between the types/contents of oxygen functional groups and the regulated composition of SEI.
Types, characteristics and anatomic location of physical signs in elder abuse: a systematic review
Authors: van Houten Miriam E. , Vloet Lilian C. M. , Pelgrim Thomas , Reijnders Udo J. L. , Berben Sivera A. A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Elder abuse is a worldwide problem with serious consequences for individuals and society. The recognition of elder abuse is complex due to a lack of awareness and knowledge. In this systematic review, types, characteristics and anatomic location of physical signs in elder abuse were identified.

Methods
Databases of MEDLINE, COCHRANE, EMBASE and CINAHL were searched. The publication dates ranged from March 2005 to July 2020. In addition to the electronic searches, the reference lists and citing of included articles were hand-searched to identify additional relevant studies. The quality of descriptive and mixed-methods studies was assessed.

Results
The most commonly described physical signs in elder abuse were bruises. The characteristics of physical signs can be categorized into size, shape and distribution. Physical signs were anatomically predominantly located on the head, face/maxillofacial area (including eyes, ears and dental area), neck, upper extremities and torso (especially posterior). Physical signs related to sexual elder abuse were mostly located in the genital and perianal area and often accompanied by a significant amount of injury to non-genital parts of the body, especially the area of the head, arms and medial aspect of the thigh.

Conclusions
Most common types, characteristics and anatomic location of physical signs in elder abuse were identified. To enhance (early) detection of physical signs in elder abuse, it is necessary to invest in (more) in-depth education and to include expertise from a forensic physician or forensic nurse in multidisciplinary team consultations.
Discontinuous Galerkin Methods for a Class of Nonvariational Problems
Authors: Dedner Andreas , Pryer Tristan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe extend the finite element method introduced by Lakkis and Pryer (SIAM J. Sci. Comput. 33(2): 786–801, 2011) to approximate the solution of second-order elliptic problems in nonvariational form to incorporate the discontinuous Galerkin (DG) framework. This is done by viewing the “finite element Hessian” as an auxiliary variable in the formulation. Representing the finite element Hessian in a discontinuous setting yields a linear system of the same size and having the same sparsity pattern of the compact DG methods for variational elliptic problems. Furthermore, the system matrix is very easy to assemble; thus, this approach greatly reduces the computational complexity of the discretisation compared to the continuous approach. We conduct a stability and consistency analysis making use of the unified framework set out in Arnold et al. (SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 39(5): 1749–1779, 2001/2002). We also give an a posteriori analysis of the method in the case where the problem has a strong solution. The analysis applies to any consistent representation of the finite element Hessian, and thus is applicable to the previous works making use of continuous Galerkin approximations. Numerical evidence is presented showing that the method works well also in a more general setting.
Inter-relationship between microstructure evolution and mechanical properties in inertia friction welded 8630 low-alloy steel
Authors: Banerjee Amborish , Ntovas Michail , Da Silva Laurie , Rahimi Salaheddin , Wynne Bradley 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The evolution of microstructure and mechanical properties in AISI 8630 low-alloy steel subjected to inertia friction welding (IFW) have been investigated. The effects of three critical process parameters, viz. rotational speed, friction and forge forces, during welding of tubular specimens were explored. The mechanical properties of these weld joints, including tensile and Charpy V-notch impact were studied for determining the optimum welding parameters. The weld joints exhibited higher yield strength, lower hardening capacity and ultimate tensile strength compared to base metal (BM). The maximum strength and ductility combination was achieved for the welds produced under a nominal weld speed of ~ 2900–3100 rpm, the highest friction force of ~ 680–720 kN, and the lowest axial forging load of ~ 560–600 kN. The measured hardness distribution depicted higher values for the weld zone (WZ) compared to the thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), heat-affected zone (HAZ) and BM, irrespective of the applied welding parameters. The substantial increase in the hardness of the WZ is due to the formation of microstructures that were dominated by martensite. The observed microstructural features, i.e. the fractions of martensite, bainite and ferrite, show that the temperature in the WZ and TMAZ was above Ac3, whereas that of the HAZ was below Ac1 during the IFW. The fracture surface of the tensile and impact-tested specimens exhibited the presence of dimples nucleating from the voids, thus indicating a ductile failure. EBSD maps of the WZ revealed the formation of subgrains inside the prior austenite grains, indicating the occurrence of continuous dynamic recrystallisation during the weld. Analysis of crystallographic texture indicated that the austenite microstructure (i.e. FCC) in both the WZ and TMAZ undergoes simple shear deformation during IFW.
Clinical Significance of Applause Sign in Patients with Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
Authors: Chatterjee Koustav , Choudhury Supriyo , Trivedi Santosh , Basu Purba , Kumar Hrishikesh 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT:Applause sign (AS) is a clinical phenomenon observed in several neurological disorders including progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). We investigated the factors associated with AS in patients with PSP. PSP patients with AS showed greater motor impairment compared to those with negative AS. Global cognition including attention and memory were affected more in patients with positive AS. We also observed that gait variability, a known marker for unstable gait is pronounced in those who presented with positive AS. Hence, the clinician might expect a more severe disease and an unstable gait in a PSP patient presenting with AS.
Is General Anesthesia for Endovascular Thrombectomy Helpful or Harmful?
Authors: Harrison E. L. , Hill Michael D. 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT:Endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) has significantly improved outcomes for patients with acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion. However, despite advances, more than half of patients remain functionally dependent 3 months after their initial stroke. Anesthetic strategy may influence both the technical success of the procedure and overall outcomes. Conventionally, general anesthesia (GA) has been widely used for neuroendovascular procedures, particularly for the distal intracranial circulation, because the complete absence of movement has been considered imperative for procedural success and to minimize complications. In contrast, in patients with acute stroke undergoing EVT, the optimal anesthetic strategy is controversial. Nonrandomized studies suggest GA negatively affects outcomes while the more recent anesthesia-specific RCTs report improved or unchanged outcomes in patients managed with versus without GA, although these findings cannot be generalized to other EVT capable centers due to a number of limitations. Potential explanations for these contrasting results will be addressed in this review including the effect of different anesthetic strategies on cerebral and systemic hemodynamics, revascularization times, and periprocedural complications.
CTS teams: a new model for translational team training and team science intervention
Authors: McCormack Wayne T. , Levites Strekalova Yulia A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Introduction:
Clinical/translational science (CTS) is team-based, requiring effective collaboration and communication across many disciplines involving a variety of stakeholders. We implemented a pre-doctoral team-based training model with didactic and experiential curricular interventions to support the development of CTS research skills in a cross-disciplinary team environment. We assessed the potential impact of this new training model as a team science intervention that can catalyze new cross-disciplinary collaborations across the institution.

Methods:
Between 2016 and 2020, 32 pre-doctoral students and 26 co-mentors participated in the assessment of the CTS Team program over a two-year period of TL1 training grant support. Data collection and analyses followed a program logic model and used a variety of metrics for clinical and translational scientist career success.

Results:
CTS training in the context of CTS Teams supported improved self-efficacy for clinical research skills and resulted in a significant increase in the frequency of participation in cross-disciplinary collaborative activities by both trainees and mentors. Most CTS Team co-mentor pairs had not previously collaborated. Two-thirds of the co-mentors plan to continue collaborating, and most (85%) currently use or plan to use collaboration tools, for example, written collaboration plans, authorship agreements.

Conclusions:
The CTS Team training model provides a unique clinical and translational science team training experience that embeds authentic cross-disciplinary research collaboration into PhD research projects. It establishes trainee cohorts that are diverse in terms of scientific disciplines and translational research phases, and creates a new cross-disciplinary community of practice across faculty members and research groups in multiple colleges.
SOME STABLE NON-ELEMENTARY CLASSES OF MODULES
Authors: MAZARI-ARMIDA MARCOS 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFisher [10] and Baur [6] showed independently in the seventies that if T is a complete first-order theory extending the theory of modules, then the class of models of T with pure embeddings is stable. In [25, 2.12], it is asked if the same is true for any abstract elementary class
$(K, \leq _p)$
such that K is a class of modules and
$\leq _p$
is the pure submodule relation. In this paper we give some instances where this is true:Theorem.Assume R is an associative ring with unity. Let
$(K, \leq _p)$
be an AEC such that
$K \subseteq R\text {-Mod}$
and K is closed under finite direct sums, then: •If K is closed under pure-injective envelopes, then
$\mathbf {K}$
is
$\lambda $
-stable for every
$\lambda \geq \operatorname {LS}(\mathbf {K})$
such that
$\lambda ^{|R| + \aleph _0}= \lambda $
.•If K is closed under pure submodules and pure epimorphic images, then
$\mathbf {K}$
is
$\lambda $
-stable for every
$\lambda $
such that
$\lambda ^{|R| + \aleph _0}= \lambda $
.•Assume R is Von Neumann regular. If
$\mathbf {K}$
is closed under submodules and has arbitrarily large models, then
$\mathbf {K}$
is
$\lambda $
-stable for every
$\lambda $
such that
$\lambda ^{|R| + \aleph _0}= \lambda $
.As an application of these results we give new characterizations of noetherian rings, pure-semisimple rings, Dedekind domains, and fields via superstability. Moreover, we show how these results can be used to show a link between being good in the stability hierarchy and being good in the axiomatizability hierarchy.Another application is the existence of universal models with respect to pure embeddings in several classes of modules. Among them, the class of flat modules and the class of
$\mathfrak {s}$
-torsion modules.
CONSECUTIVE SQUARE-FREE NUMBERS IN PIATETSKI-SHAPIRO SEQUENCES
Authors: TANGSUPPHATHAWAT PINTHIRA , SRICHAN TEERAPAT , LAOHAKOSOL VICHIAN 
Published: September 2021

AbstractUsing a method due to Rieger [‘Remark on a paper of Stux concerning squarefree numbers in non-linear sequences’, Pacific J. Math.78(1) (1978), 241–242], we prove that the Piatetski-Shapiro sequence defined by
$\{\lfloor n^c \rfloor : n\in \mathbb {N}\}$
contains infinitely many consecutive square-free integers whenever
$1<c<3/2$
.
Metabolomic profiling of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet provides novel insights for the nutritional epidemiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Yashpal Shahen , Liese Angela D. , Boucher Beatrice A. , Wagenknecht Lynne E. , Haffner Steven M. , Johnston Luke W. , Bazinet Richard P. , Rewers Marian , Rotter Jerome I. , Watkins Steve M. , Hanley Anthony J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAdherence to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet is inversely associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk. Metabolic changes due to DASH adherence and their potential relationship with incident T2DM have not been described. The objective is to determine metabolite clusters associated with adherence to a DASH-like diet in the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study cohort and explore if the clusters predicted 5-year incidence of T2DM. The current study included 570 non-diabetic multi-ethnic participants aged 40–69 years. Adherence to a DASH-like diet was determined a priori through an eighty-point scale for absolute intakes of the eight DASH food groups. Quantitative measurements of eighty-seven metabolites (acylcarnitines, amino acids, bile acids, sterols and fatty acids) were obtained at baseline. Metabolite clusters related to DASH adherence were determined through partial least squares (PLS) analysis using R. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression was used to explore the associations between metabolite clusters and incident T2DM. A group of acylcarnitines and fatty acids loaded strongly on the two components retained under PLS. Among strongly loading metabolites, a select group of acylcarnitines had over 50 % of their individual variance explained by the PLS model. Component 2 was inversely associated with incident T2DM (OR: 0·89; (95 % CI 0·80, 0·99), P-value = 0·043) after adjustment for demographic and metabolic covariates. Component 1 was not associated with T2DM risk (OR: 1·02; (95 % CI 0·88, 1·19), P-value = 0·74). Adherence to a DASH-type diet may contribute to reduced T2DM risk in part through modulations in acylcarnitine and fatty acid physiology.
A maternal low-protein diet during gestation induces hepatic autophagy-related gene expression in a sex-specific manner in Sprague-Dawley rats
Authors: Cai Mingzhu , Zhang Jie , Chen Hong , Pan Yuan-Xiang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study investigates the mechanism by which maternal protein restriction induces hepatic autophagy-related gene expression in the offspring of rats. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either a control diet (C, 18 % energy from protein) or a low-protein diet (LP, 8·5 % energy from protein) during gestation, followed by the control diet during lactation and post-weaning. Liver tissue was collected from the offspring at postnatal day 38 and divided into four groups according to sex and maternal diet (F-C, F-LP, M-C and M-LP) for further analysis. Autophagy-related mRNA and protein levels were determined by real-time PCR and Western blotting, respectively. In addition, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) was performed to investigate the interactions between transcription factors and autophagy-related genes. Protein levels of p- eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2a and activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) were increased only in the female offspring born to dams fed the LP diet. Correlatively, the mRNA expression of hepatic autophagy-related genes including Map1lc3b, P62/Sqstm1, Becn1, Atg3, Atg7 and Atg10 was significantly greater in the F-LP group than in the F-C group. Furthermore, ChIP results showed greater ATF4 and C/EBP homology protein (CHOP) binding at the regions of a set of autophagy-related genes in the F-LP group than in the F-C group. Our data demonstrated that a maternal LP diet transcriptionally programmed hepatic autophagy-related gene expression only in female rat offspring. This transcriptional programme involved the activation of the eIF2α/ATF4 pathway and intricate regulation by transcription factors ATF4 and CHOP.
Dietary consumption of tea and the risk of prostate cancer in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial
Authors: Thomas Robert , Greef Basma , McConnachie Alex , Stanley Bethany , Williams Madeleine 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTea contains polyphenols such as flavonoids, anthocyanidins, flavanols and phenolic acids which in laboratory studies have reported to promote antioxidant enzyme formation, reduces excess inflammation, slow cancer cell proliferation and promote apoptosis. Evidence from epidemiological studies on the effect of tea consumption on prostate cancer (CaP) incidence has been conflicting. We analysed data from 25 097 men within the intervention arm of the 155 000 participant Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. Histologically confirmed cases of prostate cancer were reported in 3088 men (12·3 %) during the median 11·5 year follow-up. Tea consumption was assessed with a FFQ. Baseline characteristics were compared between groups using χ2 and Kruskal–Wallis tests. Cox regression models were used to assess associations between tea intake and CaP incidence. There was no statistical difference between the risk of CaP between men who never drank tea to those who drank tea at any quantity. Amongst tea drinkers, those in the highest third of consumption group had a small but significantly lower risk compared with those in the lowest third (11·2 % v. 13·2 % hazard ratio 1·16; (95 % CI 1·05, 1·29), P = 0·004). This pattern persisted with adjustments for demographics and lifestyle. In conclusion, among tea drinkers, there was a small positive association between drinking tea and a reduced risk of prostate cancer. It does not support starting to drink tea, if men previously did not, to reduce the risk. Further research is needed to establish whether tea is justified for future prospective nutritional intervention studies investigating CaP prevention.
Role of whey protein in vascular function: a systematic review and meta-analysis of human intervention studies
Authors: Hajizadeh-Sharafabad Fatemeh , Sharifi Zahabi Elham , Tarighat-Esfanjani Ali 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWhey protein (WP) has been heavily appreciated as a rich source of bioactive peptides, with potential benefits for cardiovascular health. This study constitutes a systematic review and meta-analysis summarising the effects of WP consumption on vascular reactivity, arterial stiffness and circulatory biomarkers of vascular function. We searched electronic databases, including PubMed, SCOPUS and Web of science for relevant articles from inception to July 2020. Original clinical trials published in English-language journals that investigated the effects of WP on vascular function were eligible. A total of 720 records were identified in the initial search; from these, sixteen were included in our systematic review and thirteen in meta-analysis. The pooled analysis of six studies showed a significant increase in flow-mediated dilation (FMD) after WP consumption (weighted mean differences (WMD): 1·09 %, 95 % CI: 0·17, 2·01, P= 0·01). Meta-analysis of available data did not show any significant reduction in arterial stiffness measures including augmentation index (effect sizes: 7, WMD: −0·29 %, 95 % CI: −1·58, 0·98, P= 0·64) and pulse wave velocity (effect sizes: 4, WMD: −0·72 m/s, 95 % CI: −1·47, 0·03, P= 0·06). Moreover, the pooled analysis of six effect sizes showed no significant effects on plasma levels of nitric oxide following WP supplementation (WMD: 0·42 μmol/l, 95 % CI: −0·52, 1·36, P= 0·38). The overall results provided evidence supporting a protective effect of WP on endothelial function measured by FMD, but not for arterial stiffness measures and circulatory biomarker of vascular function. Further research is required to substantiate the benefits of WP on vascular function.