bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are Melanoides tuberculata and Tarebia granifera (Gastropoda, Thiaridae), suitable first intermediate hosts of Clonorchis sinensis in Vietnam?
Authors: Nguyen Hung Manh , Van Hien Hoang , Ho Loan Thi , Tatonova Yulia V. , Madsen Henry 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundTwo thiarid snail species,Melanoides tuberculataandTarebia graniferahave been reported as first intermediate hosts of the liver flukeClonorchis sinensis; however, their role as true first intermediate hosts has not been verified. Thus, the present study aimed to clarify the suitability of these two snail species as first intermediate hosts ofC.sinensis. This was accomplished by collecting snails from a highly endemic area forC.sinensisin Vietnam, the Thac Ba reservoir, and identifying shed cercariae using molecular techniques. We also conducted experimental infections of five snail species includingM.tuberculataandT.graniferawith eggs ofC.sinensis.Methodology/Principal findingsA total of 11,985 snails, representing 10 species were sampled. Five snail species,M.tuberculata,T.granifera,Lymnaea swinhoei,Parafossarulus manchouricus, andBithynia fuchsianawere found shedding cercariae with an overall prevalence of infection ranging from 0.7% to 11.5%. Seven cercarial types were recorded. Cercariae ofC.sinensiswere only found inParafossarulus manchouricus. Using a multiplex PCR approach for detectingC.sinensisinfection, the prevalence inP.manchouricuswas 4.2%. Additionally, all five snail species were experimentally exposed toC.sinensiseggs, however onlyP.manchouricuswas successfully infected with an infection rate of 7.87%.Conclusions/SignificanceWe confirmed that in the Thac Ba reservoir, Vietnam, the two thiarids,M.tuberculataandT.graniferaare not suitable first intermediate hosts ofC.sinensis. OnlyP.manchouricuswas found infected byC.sinensisin nature, and was the only species that became infected experimentally.
Next of kin participation in the care of older persons in nursing homes: A pre–post non-randomised educational evaluation, using within-group and individual person-level comparisons
Authors: Westergren Albert , Ahlström Gerd , Persson Magnus , Behm Lina 
Published: January 2021

Background
Next of kin participation in care is a cornerstone of palliative care and is thus important in nursing homes, and outcomes following interventions need to be evaluated using robust methods.

Objective
To use within-group and within-individual analytical approaches to evaluate the participation of next of kin in care following an intervention and to compare the outcome between the intervention and control groups.

Methods
A pre–post intervention/control group study design was used. The educational intervention, directed towards staff members, focused on palliative care. The Next of Kin Participation in Care scale comprises the Communication and Trust subscale and the Collaboration in Care subscale, with nine items each. In total, 203 persons (intervention group: n = 95; control group: n = 108) were included. Three different analytical approaches were used: 1) traditional within-group comparison of raw ordinal scores and linearly transformed interval scores; 2) modern within-individual (person-level) interval score comparisons; 3) comparisons between the intervention group and control group based on individual person-level outcomes.

Results
Within-group comparisons of change revealed no change in any of the groups, whether based on raw or transformed scores. Despite this, significant improvements at the individual level were found in 32.9% of the intervention group and 11.6% of the control group for the total scale (p = 0.0024), in 25% of the intervention group and 10.5% of the control group for the Communication and Trust subscale (p = 0.0018), and in 31.2% of the intervention group and 10.5% of the control group for the Collaboration in Care subscale (p = 0.0016). However, a significant worsening at the individual level in Collaboration in Care was found in 35.1% of the intervention group but only among 8.4% of the control group (p < 0.0005).

Conclusion
The intervention seems to have a positive impact on next of kin participation in care in nursing homes, especially for communication and trust. However, some next of kin reported decreased participation in care after the intervention. Modern individual person-level approaches for the analysis of intervention outcomes revealed individual significant changes beyond traditional group-level comparisons that would otherwise be hidden. The findings are relevant for future outcome studies and may also necessitate a re-evaluation of previous studies that have not used individual person-level comparisons.

Trial registration
This study is part of the intervention project registered under Clinical Trials Registration NCT02708498.
Intestinal parasites may be associated with later behavioral problems in internationally adopted children
Authors: Heikkilä Anna-Riitta , Elovainio Marko , Raaska Hanna , Matomäki Jaakko , Sinkkonen Jari , Lapinleimu Helena 
Published: January 2021

AimAt arrival in new home country, internationally adopted children often have intestinal parasites. International adoptees also exhibit more behavioral problems than their biological peers. We examined whether intestinal parasite infections in international adoptees on arrival in Finland are associated with their later behavioral and emotional problems.MethodsData for this study were sourced from the Finnish Adoption Study (FinAdo) based on parental questionnaires for all internationally adopted children under 18 years (n= 1450) who arrived in Finland from 1985 to 2007. A total of 1293 families provided sufficient information on the adoptee’s background, parasitic status on arrival, and behavioral symptoms at the median time of 5 years after arrival (mean age = 7.8 years). Behavioral and emotional disorders were evaluated with the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Statistical analyses were conducted using linear regression.ResultsOf the 1293 families, parents of 206 adoptive children reported intestinal parasites in their adopted children on arrival. Parasite-infected children had subsequently higher CBCL problem scores than the children without parasites (p< 0.001). The association between intestinal parasites and later behavioral problems was stronger than that between intestinal parasites and any other factors measured in this study, except disability.LimitationsThe control group was naturally provided by the adopted children without parasite infections, but we could not compare the adopted children to non-adopted children without a defined parasite infection. We were unable to specify the effects associated with a specific parasite type. It was not possible either to include multiple environmental factors that could have been associated with behavioral problems in the models, which indicated only modest explanatory values.ConclusionsIn this study, intestinal parasite infections in early childhood may be associated with children’s later psychological wellbeing, even in children who move to a country with a low prevalence of parasites. Our findings may support further developments pertaining to the gut-brain theory.
Effects of whole-body electromyostimulation on function, muscle mass, strength, social participation, and falls-efficacy in older people: A randomized trial protocol
Authors: de Oliveira Túlio Medina Dutra , Felício Diogo Carvalho , Filho José Elias , Durigan João Luiz Quagliotti , Fonseca Diogo Simões , José Anderson , Oliveira Cristino Carneiro , Malaguti Carla 
Published: January 2021

Background
Resistance training has a positive impact on functional capacity and muscle mass in the elderly. However, due to physical limitations or a simple aversion against regular exercise, a majority of the elderly do not reach the recommended exercise doses. This led us to evaluate the effect of whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS), a novel, time-efficient, and smooth training technology on physical function, fat-free mass, strength, falls-efficacy, and social participation of the elderly.

Methods
The present study is a randomized, parallel group clinical trial approved by the Ethics Committee of our Institution. Sixty-six volunteers (age ≥ 60 years) will be recruited from the geriatric outpatient department in a tertiary hospital and primary care units and randomized into two groups: WB-EMS group or active control group (aCG). The WB-EMS or aCG protocol will consist of 16 sessions for 8 consecutive weeks, twice per week. The primary outcomes will be maximal isometric knee extension (IKE), functional lower extremity strength, fat-free mass, gait speed, and risk of falls measured before and after intervention. The secondary outcomes will be social participation and falls-efficacy assessed before and after the intervention and at three and six months of follow-up. Participant’s satisfaction with and awareness of electrical stimulation therapy will also be assessed immediately after the 8-week intervention.

Discussion
Patients receiving WB-EMS exercises are believed to have better outcomes than those receiving conventional, more time-consuming resistance exercises. Hence, innovative, time-efficient, joint-friendly, and highly individualized exercise technologies (such as WB-EMS) may be a good choice for the elderly with time constraints, physical limitations, or little enthusiasm, who are exercising less than the recommended amounts for impact on muscle mass, strength, and function.
Association of low back pain with muscle weakness, decreased mobility function, and malnutrition in older women: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Kato Satoshi , Demura Satoru , Shinmura Kazuya , Yokogawa Noriaki , Kabata Tamon , Matsubara Hidenori , Kajino Yoshitomo , Igarashi Kentaro , Inoue Daisuke , Kurokawa Yuki , Oku Norihiro , Tsuchiya Hiroyuki 
Published: January 2021

Background
Low back pain (LBP) and decreased mobility function are common problem among older people. Muscle weakness has been reported as a risk factor for these conditions, and exercise therapy can improve them. We created a novel exercise device that also measures abdominal trunk muscle strength. Malnutrition has also emerged as a major problem among older people. Muscle is a direct key linking decreased mobility function and malnutrition. This study aimed to examine the associations of LBP with not only decreased physical function and muscle weakness but also nutritional status of older people.

Methods
We examined the associations of LBP with muscle weakness, decreased mobility function (locomotive syndrome [LS]), and malnutrition among older women. The study included 101 female patients aged 60 years or older scheduled to undergo surgery for degenerative lower extremity diseases. Preoperatively, physical tests including abdominal trunk muscle strength assessment using the device and laboratory tests were conducted. Subjects with LBP (numerical rating scale ≥2; range, 0–4) during the preceding month were allocated to the LBP group (n = 36). Other subjects were allocated to the non-LBP group (n = 65).

Results
The LBP group had lower abdominal trunk and knee extensor muscle strength, lower serum albumin, and hemoglobin levels as blood biomarkers associated with malnutrition risk, and higher LS test scores than the non-LBP group. A multivariate analysis showed that abdominal trunk muscle weakness and advanced LS were associated with LBP. LBP intensity was negatively correlated with abdominal trunk and knee extensor muscle strength and positively correlated with the LS test score. The serum hemoglobin level was negatively correlated with the LS test score.

Conclusion
Abdominal trunk muscle weakness and decreased mobility function were associated with LBP among older women.
Factors affecting enrollment status of households for community based health insurance in a resource-limited peripheral area in Southern Ethiopia. Mixed method
Authors: Abdilwohab Mustefa Glagn , Abebo Zeleke Hailemariam , Godana Wanzahun , Ajema Dessalegn , Yihune Manaye , Hassen Hadiya 
Published: January 2021

Background
Despite the efforts made by the government of Ethiopia, the community-based health insurance (CBHI) enrollment rate failed to reach the potential beneficiaries. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the enrollment status of households for community-based health insurance and associated factors in peripheral areas of Southern Ethiopia.

Methods
We conducted a community based cross-sectional study design with both quantitative and qualitative methods. Systematic random sampling was employed to select 820 households from 27, April to 12 June 2018. A pretested structured questionnaire, in-depth interview, and focus group discussion guiding tool were used to obtain information. A binary logistic regression model was used to assess the association between independent and outcome variables. A P-Value of less than 0.05 was taken as a cutoff to declare association in multivariable analysis. Qualitative data were analyzed manually using the thematic analysis method.

Results
Out of 820 households, 273[33.30%; 95% CI: 29.9–36.20] were enrolled in the community based health insurance scheme. Having good knowledge [AOR = 13.97, 95%CI: 8.64, 22.60], having family size of greater than five [AOR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.15, 3.06], presence of frequently ill individual [AOR = 3.90, 95% CI: 2.03, 7.51] and presence of chronic illness [AOR = 3.64, 95% CI: 1.67, 7.79] were positively associated with CBHI enrollment. In addition, poor quality of care, lack of managerial commitment, lack of trust and transparency, unavailability of basic logistics and supplies were also barriers for CBHI enrollment.

Conclusion and recommendation
The study found that lower community based health insurance enrollment status. A higher probability of CBHI enrollment among higher health care demanding population groups was observed. Poor perceived quality of health care, poor managerial support and lack of trust were found to be barriers for non-enrollment. Therefore, wide-range awareness creation strategies should be used to address adverse selection and poor knowledge. In addition, trust should be built among communities through transparent management. Furthermore, the quality of care being given in public health facilities should be improved to encourage the community to be enrolled in CBHI.
Preeminence of psychopathological over other medical references in names of Spanish Punk groups (1981-2010)
Authors: Pavez Fabián , Saura Erika , Marset Pedro 
Published: January 2021

Introduction

The relevance of the study of the social representations of mental disorders in the products of the popular culture has been argued previously. In a subcultural level, we hypothesize that the psychiatric field could be more present than other areas of the Medicine. Regarding the studies of the popular music, and taking in account subcultural aspects of identity affirmation, this communication addresses the references to Psychiatry and mental disorders and its comparison with other medical references in names of Punk groups (Spain, 1981-2010).

Objectives

To address the relative importance of psychiatric disorders versus other medical problems (non psychiatric) in a subcultural musical genre.

Methods

Quantitative content analysis.

Results

The names of 418 Spanish Punk groups were analyzed. 16.50% of them were associated with the Psychiatry and mental disorders versus a 5.98% for other medical references. Most of psychiatric names were associated with substance use and psychotic disorders (50.72% and 15.94%, respectively). Regarding "non psychiatric names", references to medical treatments (16%), infectious diseases (16%), and genital diseases (16%) were the most frequent.

Conclusions

Psychiatric disorders are more frequent than other medical references in the names of Spanish Punk groups. It can be related to subcultural identity processes in which mental disorders work as an expression of otherness.
Despite of the existence of highly dramatic medical diseases (e.g., cancer), mental disorders remain the main focus of attention if we attend to the artistic interest expressed in our sample.
For comparisons with other music genres more studies are warranted.
Embeddings between Triebel-Lizorkin Spaces on Metric Spaces Associated with Operators
Authors: Georgiadis Athanasios G. , Kyriazis George 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We consider the general framework of a metric measure space satisfying the doubling volume property, associated with a non-negative self-adjoint operator, whose heat kernel enjoys standard Gaussian localization. We prove embedding theorems between Triebel-Lizorkin spaces associated with operators. Embeddings for non-classical Triebel-Lizorkin and (both classical and non-classical) Besov spaces are proved as well. Our result generalize the Euclidean case and are new for many settings of independent interest such as the ball, the interval and Riemannian manifolds.
128-QAM dual-polarization chaotic long-haul system performance evaluation
Authors: Qamar Farhan , Islam Muhammad Khawar , Shahzadi Romana , Ali Syed Zafar , Ali Mudassar 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this research work, performance of 128-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) modulation format along with dual polarization is investigated for long-haul communication in chaotic environment at data rate of 112 Gb/s and different fiber lengths. The prime objective of this work is the merger of QAM modulation scheme and optical chaos to acquire higher effective data rate with secure optical communication. The property of semiconductor laser for producing high bandwidth chaos is utilized to encrypt high data rate supported by 128-QAM signal. Chaos produced in this way is then applied to two states i.e., x and y-polarization of signal, at the same time to study results individually through constellation diagrams. The proposed model consisting of 128-QAM transmitter and receiver design, incorporating chaos is tested to investigate and combat the effects of different transmission impairments such as attenuation, dispersion, inline amplifiers effects, and message retrieval.
Musical Expertise Shapes Functional and Structural Brain Networks Independent of Absolute Pitch Ability
Authors: Leipold Simon , Klein Carina , Jäncke Lutz 
Published: January 2021

Professional musicians are a popular model for investigating experience-dependent plasticity in human large-scale brain networks. A minority of musicians possess absolute pitch, the ability to name a tone without reference. The study of absolute pitch musicians provides insights into how a very specific talent is reflected in brain networks. Previous studies of the effects of musicianship and absolute pitch on large-scale brain networks have yielded highly heterogeneous findings regarding the localization and direction of the effects. This heterogeneity was likely influenced by small samples and vastly different methodological approaches. Here, we conducted a comprehensive multimodal assessment of effects of musicianship and absolute pitch on intrinsic functional and structural connectivity using a variety of commonly used and state-of-the-art multivariate methods in the largest sample to date (n= 153 female and male human participants; 52 absolute pitch musicians, 51 non-absolute pitch musicians, and 50 non-musicians). Our results show robust effects of musicianship in interhemispheric and intrahemispheric connectivity in both structural and functional networks. Crucially, most of the effects were replicable in both musicians with and without absolute pitch compared with non-musicians. However, we did not find evidence for an effect of absolute pitch on intrinsic functional or structural connectivity in our data: The two musician groups showed strikingly similar networks across all analyses. Our results suggest that long-term musical training is associated with robust changes in large-scale brain networks. The effects of absolute pitch on neural networks might be subtle, requiring very large samples or task-based experiments to be detected.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTA question that has fascinated neuroscientists, psychologists, and musicologists for a long time is how musicianship and absolute pitch, the rare talent to name a tone without reference, are reflected in large-scale networks of the human brain. Much is still unknown as previous studies have reported widely inconsistent results based on small samples. Here, we investigate the largest sample of musicians and non-musicians to date (n= 153) using a multitude of established and novel analysis methods. Results provide evidence for robust effects of musicianship on functional and structural networks that were replicable in two separate groups of musicians and independent of absolute pitch ability.
Fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia Tentang Penyelenggaraan Ibadah Dalam Situasi Terjadi Wabah Covid-19 Sebagai Langkah Antisipatif dan Proaktif Persebaran Virus Corona Di Indonesia
Authors: Aji Ahmad Mukri , Habibaty Diana Mutia 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn response to the spread of Covid-19, which reached the Republic of Indonesia, the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) released Fatwa Number 14 of 2020 on the application of Worship in a Covid-19 Outbreak situation. This was achieved as a constructive and anticipatory move for the MUI Institute, which serves as a fatwa contributor in Indonesia. This study uses a qualitative research method with a literature approach, especially in the Fatwa section of the Indonesian Ulema Council. The results of this study show that the steps taken by MUI are deemed acceptable as this organization is perceived to have a significant role to play in society. In addition, the measures taken by the Indonesian Ulema Council are aimed at preserving health and preventing exposure to disease. It is important as it is part of preserving the central purpose of religion (al-Dharurat al-Khams).Keywords: Covid-19, Indonesian Ulema Council, Fatwa, Proactive, Anticipatory AbstrakUntuk menyikapi persebaran Covid-19 yang telah memasuki Republik Indonesia, Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) mengeluarkan Fatwa No 14 Tahun 2020 Tentang Penyelenggaraan Ibadah dalam Situasi Terjadi Wabah Covid-19. Hal ini dilakukan sebagai langkah proaktif dan antisipatif Lembaga MUI yang berperan sebagai pemberi fatwa di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan literatur khususnya pada Fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia. Hasil penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa langkah yang dilakukan MUI dianggap tepat karena Lembaga ini dipandang memiliki peran penting di masyarakat. Selain, langkah yang diambil Majelis Ulama Indonesia merupakan upaya menjaga kesehatan dan menghindari dari paparan penyakit. Hal ini penting dilakukan karena merupakan bagian dari menjaga tujuan pokok beragama (al-Dharurat al-Khams).Kata Kunci : Covid-19, Majelis Ulama Indonesia, Fatwa, Proaktif, Antisipatif