bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why food matrices are more potent against cancer as compared to their isolated bioactives (647.39)
Authors: Whelan Jay , Zhao Yi , Collier J. 
Published: June 2021

Our preliminary data shows that bioactive compounds delivered within a food matrix are involved in molecular multitasking (affecting multiple genomic targets) and deliver their biological punch through biochemical convergence (multiple pathways affecting a common outcome). We had determined that individual bioactive compounds in isolation failed to exhibit similar effects. This research tested whether these effects are the consequence of coordinated interaction of “companion” bioactives resulting in multiple synergies. To investigate this hypothesis, several diverse cell lines (CWR22Rv1 and HEK293) were treated with a variety of herbal extracts or isolated phytonutrients where cell proliferation and NF‐κB expression were used as endpoints. Synergy was determined by the Chou‐Talalay method when the cells were exposed to turmeric, Chinese goldthread and their bioactives (curcumin and ar‐turmerone, berberine and coptisine, respectively) in isolation or in combination. Berberine and curcumin (in isolation) were not as potent as their extracts of origin. Combinations of herbal extracts and/or their isolated bioactives lowered effective concentrations from a non‐physiological level to concentrations more similar to human plasma values. These data suggest that foods/plant extracts are more likely to be beneficial against cancer when compared with isolated components due to their multiple synergies.Grant Funding Source: This research was supported, in part, by the Tennessee Agricultural Experiment Station, University o
Physicochemical properties of soybean milk fermented by Lactobacillus fermentum strain isolated from yak yogurt (647.4)
Authors: Li Guijie 
Published: June 2021

The present study is to investigate the fermentation properties of soybean milk fermented by Lactobacillus fermentum strain isolated from yak yogurt (LYY), Lactobacillus helveticus (LH) and mixture starter of LYY and LH (LYY+LH), respectively. Some physicochemical experiments including pH, total acidity, count of Lactobacillus, amounts of amino type nitrogen and isoflavones, and sensory evaluation were used for the assessment. LYY showed the lowest pH and highest total acidity than were found in LH and LYY+LH. After 12 hour fermentation, the counts of live cells in LYY+LH (2.5×108 cfu) were more than LYY (1.7×108 cfu) and LH (1.2×108 cfu). LYY were similar with LYY+LH in the levels of amino type nitrogen (>2000 mg %) and the amounts of isoflavones (Daidzein > 25 μg/mL; Genistein > 17 μg/mL), more than those in LH. The sensory qualities of LYY+LH were better than LH and LYY. From these results, LYY+LH showed better fermentation properties than LB and LYY respectively.Grant Funding Source: Supported by the China Scholarship Council (No. [2012]5030) for fellowship
Vitamin C contents in different parts of soybean sprout (647.42)
Authors: Lee Kyongae , Kim Yongho 
Published: June 2021

Vitamin C contents in different parts of soybean sprout Kyongae Lee1, Yongho Kim2. 1Department of Food Science and Nutrition, 2Medical Biotechnology, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, KOREA,This study investigated vitamin C content analysis in soybean sprouts by the parts (cotyledon and hypocotyls) and cooking. Soybean sprouts cultivated with five soybean cultivars of Nokchaekong, Dawonkong, Seonamkong, Oriatae and Pungsannamulkong in a lab and then used for analyses. Vitamin C was found more, in the hypocotyls and than in the cotyledon of fresh soybean sprout, regardless of the soybean cultivars. In case of fresh soybean sprout, vitamin C contents in cotyledon of Nokchaekong, Dawonkong, Seonamkong, Oriatae and Pungsannamulkong were 17.29, 20.43, 18.74, 23.2 and 24.68 mg% , respectively, whereas those in hypocotyls were 45.59, 38.41, 40.18, 28.12 and 33.68 mg%, respectively. Each soybean sprout showed a considerable decrease in vitamin C contents in both the cotyledon and hypocotyl after cooking. The vitamin C contents in the cotyledon and hypocotyls of boiled soybean sprout reduced to 1.09~2.25 and 3.30~7.39 mg%, respectively. The vitamin C was contained more in the hypocotyl than in the cotyledon of cooked soybean sprout, indicating the vitamin C in the hypocotyls was more stable. These results suggested that the cotyledon of the soybean sprout could be a good dietary source with its high vitamin C content.
The effect of mushroom intake on modulating post‐prandial glycemic response (647.48)
Authors: Marsales Harry , Williams B.T. , LaMacchia Z.M. , Rideout T.C. , Horvath P.J. 
Published: June 2021

The consumption of mushrooms has been shown to lead to a number of health benefits. To determine the effect of Portabella mushroom intake on the glycemic responses of a young, healthy population following an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT), 8 men and 8 women (19 to 29 yo, avg = 24;Body Fat % 18.4±7.2; Fasting Glucose 89.2±4.0) completed 3 modified OGTTs over a 2 week period. The OGTTs were evaluated in response to a 75g Glucose Drink (G), a 75g Glucose Drink with 9.5g Portabella powder (MG), or 9.5 g Portabella powder with Stevia/flavored water (M). Fasting and 30 min blood samples were collected for 2 h. Glucose levels were only elevated with G and MG with MG being higher in men at 30 min (P<0.02) and women at 60 (P<0.005) and 120 min (P<0.01). Insulin was higher in G and MG and showed a more gradual decline with MG in women. In women, hunger (Likert Scale) increased by 120 min (P<0.05) during G which was eliminated my addition of mushroom powder. Mushroom powder reduced postprandial hypoglycemia, rapid insulin decrease and elevated hunger in women compared to glucose alone. Mushrooms may moderate postprandial glucose related responses.Grant Funding Source: Supported by Mushroom Council
Gastric ulcer preventive activities of soybean milk fermented by Lactobacillus isolated from yak yogurt (647.9)
Authors: Li Guijie , Zhao Xin , Song Jia‐Le , Wang Rui , Qian Yu , Wang Qiang 
Published: June 2021

One Lactobacillus strain, which showed high viability in simulated gastric fluid and strong cholate resistant ability, was isolated from natural fermented Yak yogurt (LY) in western Sichuan of Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau. LY fermented soybean milk was compare with the commercial Streptococcus thermophilus (ST) strain fermentate in the physicochemical properties and gastric ulcer preventive activities. The pH value, total acidity, amino type nitrogen, and total amounts of isoflavone in LY and ST fermented soybean milk were checked. Fermented soybean milk with LY (LYFSM) showed higher pH and lower total acidity compared to the Fermented soybean milk with ST (STFSM). After 12 hour fermentation, the contents of amino type nitrogen and activity of isoflavones in LYFSM were also more than STFSM. By reserpine‐induced gastric ulcer mice model, the levels of IL‐6, IL‐12, TNF‐α and IFN‐γ cytokine in LYFSM group mice were lower than those in STFSM group mice. The levels of Somatostatin and Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide in LYFSM mice serum were higher than those in STFSM mice. And the Motilin and Substance P levels in LYFSM mice were lower than in STFSM mice. The gastric ulcer area of LYFSM mice was also smaller than STFSM mice. These result suggested that LYFSM showed a better physicochemical quality than that in STFSM. LYFSM also showed strong gastric ulcer preventive activity in experimental gastric injury model.Grant Funding Source: Supported by Grant Funding No. KJ131501, Chongqing, China
Differential effects of small and big Ca2+‐sensitive K+ channel agonists and antagonists during cardiac ischemia and reperfusion injury (648.10)
Authors: Stowe David , Yang Meiying , Schwabe David , Heisner James , Camara Amadou 
Published: June 2021

Small and big conductance Ca2+‐sensitive K+ channel (SKCa, BKCa) agonists have been shown to provide preconditioning protection against cardiac ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury. We tested if activation or block of SKCa vs. BKCa channels, initiated before ischemia through initial reperfusion, differently reduce or worsen cardiac global IR injury in isolated rodent hearts, and if these drugs are effective if given IV in vivo before and during regional (LAD) coronary artery occlusion. We found that activating SKCa or BKCa channels by DCEB or NS1619 reduced infarct size (IS) after 35 min of ischemia by 26 and 39% in vivo, and by 56 and 62% in vitro vs. IR alone respectively; BKCa and SKCa blockers paxilline+NS8593, respectively, increased IS by 17% in vivo and by 30% in vitro vs. IR alone. In vitro the two agonists also increased LVP by 90 and 88% and the blockers reduced it by 45% vs. IR alone. Activation of SKCa and BKCa channels improved the respiratory control index (state3/4), increased Ca2+ retention capacity, and restored membrane repolarization in mitochondria isolated after IR. Our results show similar effects of these drugs when given in vivo or in vitro indicating their bioavailability in the heart when given IV. Since each of SKCa ‐ BKCa agonists/antagonists exert effects on isolated cardiac mitochondria, our data also suggest that activation of KCa channels endogenously protects against cardiac injury in part by improving mitochondrial function.Grant Funding Source: R01 HL 089514
Cardiac function in iron deficient hypertrophic hearts transitions from adaptation to pathology (648.5)
Authors: Chew Herbert , Zadra Jacqueline , Weigel Ashley 
Published: June 2021

Iron deficiency (ID) causes cardiac hypertrophy (CH); however, cardiac function (CF) as CH progresses is unknown. We hypothesized that CF with ID CH will transition from an adaptive state (increased output) to a pathological state (decreased output) over time. 38 rats were divided into ID and control (CN) groups for 4, 6, and 9 wks. CF was determined using pressure‐volume (PV) loops (PowerLab 8SP, Millar MPVS Ultra), by inserting a PV catheter (SPR‐869) into the left ventricle. Baseline data collection was followed by IVC occlusion for contractility. Parallel conductance was determined by hypertonic saline infusion. 1 mM dopamine was infused to assess sympathetic nervous system sensitivity. Rats were heparinized, decapitated, and blood was collected for cuvette calibration and hematocrit. Plasma and hearts were frozen for catecholamine analysis by HPLC. 4 wk ID rats had greater (p<0.05) cardiac output (CO), stroke volume (SV), contractility, and ejection fraction (EF), but not heart rate, compared with CN. 6 wk ID rats had lower CO, SV, and EF than 4 wk ID rats. At abstract submission, 9 wk experiments were underway. We conclude that ID CH begins as adaptive, but transitions to pathology.Grant Funding Source: Supported by Wyoming INBRE (NIH Grant #8 P20 GM103432‐13)
Structural and functional assessment of an experimental model of takotsubo cardiomyopathy (648.8)
Authors: Sachdeva Jaspreet , Dai Wangde , Kloner Robert 
Published: June 2021

Objective: The purpose of our study was to assess the characteristics and time course of functional and histological abnormalities in an experimental model of Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy (TC).Methods: Male Sprague‐Dawley rats were injected subcutaneously with either a single or two doses (at 24hrs interval) of isoproterenol (ISO; 25‐300 mg/kg). Echocardiographic and morphological changes were assessed either 24hrs or 7days after the last ISO dose.Results: On day 2‐3 rats demonstrated apical akinesis蠅10% of the LV circumference (n=13), apical akinesis<10% (n=17) or no‐akinesis (n=10); the basal function was preserved. The apical fractional shortening (FS) on day 2‐3 was reduced at 16±3% (p<0.05) in the Akinesis蠅10% subgroup compared to sham‐controls at 47±4%. Apical wall motion abnormality completely resolved on day 8. Histology on day 2‐3 revealed sub‐endocardial necrosis, monocyte infiltration, interstitial edema, vacuoles and lipid droplets. Semiquantitative scoring showed a significant increase in necrotic lesions to 2.8±0.3 in the akinesis蠅10%, 2.1±0.2 in the akinesis<10% and 2±0 in the no‐akinesis subgroups vs 0.4±0.1 in the sham‐controls (p<0.05) on day 2‐3. On day 8, extensive fibrosis along with necrotic lesions was present. Ultrastructural analysis on day 2‐3 showed disrupted myofibrils, abundant lipid droplets, interstitial edema and mitochondria with dissolved cristae, calcium phosphate deposits and dense bodies.Conclusion: TC can be mimicked in a rat model of ISO exposure that demonstrates apical ballooning on days 2‐3 with full recovery of systolic regional wall motion abnormality despite the presence of persistent foci of necrosis and fibrosis on day 8.
Exploring the non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease pathogenesis mechanisms in high fat and high fructose diet fed rat (649.3)
Authors: Hou Chia Hua , Hung Li‐Man , Huang Jiung‐Pang 
Published: June 2021

The prevalence of fatty liver in western country is 30%. Western diet (high fat and/or high fructose) induce chronic and low grade inflammation in adipose tissue that initiate the first step of many complications such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes and fatty liver disease. However, high fat diet trigger obesity and high fructose diet perform a normal body weight, but all result in NAFLD. Therefore, it is important to elucidate the different mechanism of fatty liver pathogenesis in high fat and high fructose diet fed animal model(s).The SD rats were fed with high fat diet (HF, 45 calorie from fat) and high fructose diet (HR, 60 calorie from fructose) for 12 weeks. We found that both two western diets led to hepatic steatosis, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance. Triglyceride and cholesterol were accumulated in liver tissue, accompanied with plasma ALT/AST elevation. Interestingly, HR induced higher hepatic ROS level, which implies the different hepatic stress, and the key NAFLD progression regulator compared with HF fed rats. In the conclusion, we suggested ROS, the distinct NAFLD mediator in HR, not a like with HF rats, many additionally promote the severe NAFLD progression.
Modulatory effects of persimmon vinegar and its fractions on hepatic immune response and CYP2E1 activation in chronically alcohol drinking rats (649.4)
Authors: Lee Hye Min , Kim You Jin , Do Gyeong‐Min , Kim Joohee , Kwon Oran 
Published: June 2021

Our previous study has shown that persimmon vinegar (PV) had more potent effects on the prevention of the alcohol‐induced liver damage in vivo than any other vinegars tested. Here, we investigated the efficacy of PV and its fractions on hepatic immune response and alcohol metabolism in chronically alcohol drinking rats. Forty male Wistar rats were divided to 5 groups and fed each diet for 4 weeks; normal control, ethanol control (EC), PV, high molecular weight fraction (HPV), and low molecular weight fraction (LPV) group. Hepatic mRNA expressions of Interlekin‐1β, Interlekin‐12β, Toll‐like receptor 4 ,cyclooxygenase‐2 and protein expression of CYP2E1 were significantly decreased in PV, HPV and LPV compared to EC. (p=0.0076,p=0.0009, p=0.0142, p=0.0003, and p=0.0438, respectively). However, there was no significant difference among all treatment groups for all biomarkers with an exception of CYP2E1. The PV had significantly higher potency in suppressing CYP2E1 protein expression than the others. Taken together, the results of this study support the previous observations on the protective effect of PV against alcohol‐induced liver damage. Our findings also suggest that the effect of PV might be caused by more than two components, which are different with their molecular weight range.Grant Funding Source: This study was supported by the Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology (Brain Korea 21 PLUS:
Intestinal barrier integrity diminished by hypoxia, indomethacin, and hydrocortisone in Caco2 cell line (650.12)
Authors: Corley Katherine , Carr Nick , King Jonathan 
Published: June 2021

Background: Concomitant use of hydrocortisone and the nonspecific cyclooxygenase (COX)‐inhibitor indomethacin increases the risk for spontaneous intestinal perforation in extremely low birth weight preterm infants. The regulation of the eicosanoid pathway and inflammation play a large role in maintaining intestinal barrier integrity.Objective: Test the hypothesis that the dysregulation of the PGE2/EP pathway leads to altered intestinal barrier integrity, impacting cell survival and tight junction function.Methods: A Caco‐2 cell line was utilized in the setting of normoxia (160 torr) and hypoxia (20 torr) under varying conditions of pro‐inflammatory agents TNF (10ng/mL), IFN‐gamma (10ng/mL)) and anti‐inflammatory agents of indomethacin (50uM) and hydrocortisone (50ng/mL). Barrier function was assessed using transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) measurements and solute flux assays. Cell survivability and morphology was evaluated with direct confocal microscopy as well as indirect LDH quantification, cytotoxicity assays.Results: The concomitant exposure of the Caco‐2 cell monolayer to hypoxia, pro‐inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory agents demonstrated abnormalities of barrier integrity, cell morphology, and impairment of tight junction formation on confocal microscopy, not seen in normoxia conditions Conclusions: Anti‐inflammatory agents may alter the regulation of intestinal epithelium cytotoxicity without improvement in tight junction integrity. These findings indicate the possible role of indomethacin, hydrocortisone in altering cell survival mechanisms leading to cellular necrosis vs. apoptosis under hypoxic, pro‐inflammatory environments.Grant Funding Source: Supported in part by NSF‐MRI #1229702
Targeting of Lewis‐a glycans accelerates chemotaxis and transepithelial migration by human PMNs (650.9)
Authors: Brazil Jennifer , Sumagin Ronen , Lee Goo , Cummings Richard , Parkos Charles , Louis Nancy 
Published: June 2021

Pathogen‐triggered neutrophil (PMN) recruitment is critical for innate immunity, but aberrant PMN influx into intestinal crypts marks disease severity in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Fucosylated terminal glycans, such as Lewis‐x (Lex) and Sialyl Lewis‐x, have previously been implicated in the regulation of important PMN functions, including selectin‐mediated PMN trafficking. While such glycans based on the type 2 sequence (Galβ1‐4GlcNAc‐R) are abundant on PMNs, it was previously thought that PMNs lack type 1 glycans (Galβ1‐3GlcNAc‐R) required for the expression of Lewis‐a (Lea). Here, we demonstrate through immunoblot, flow cytometry, and immunohistochemical analyses of tissues from individuals with IBD, that Lea is in fact present on human PMNs. Further, immunoblotting revealed robust PMN expression of Fucosyltransferase 3/5, glycosyltransferases with α1/4 fucosyltransferase activity, required for the terminal step in Lea synthesis. We further report that treatment of PMN with Lea‐specific Abs increases both chemotaxis across collagen and migration across model intestinal epithelia. Thus, we identify novel expression of Lea by human PMN and demonstrate its relevance to PMN trafficking within the intestine. PMN Lea represents a novel target for regulating intestinal innate immunity and may be a rational target for modulating inflammation in IBD.Grant Funding Source: Supported by Crohn's & Colitis Foundation of America and National Institutes of Health
Electrospun fiber mat design based on brain development: a new model for neural progenitor migration (651.17)
Authors: Czeisler Catherine , Short Aaron , Gygli Patrick , Ortiz Cristina , Catacutan Fay , Winter Jessica , Otero José 
Published: June 2021

The brain is a complex organ made up by cells that are born far away from their adult positions and thus migrate large distances to form connections during development. This migration has been mostly studied on the scaffold formed by the Radial Glia at the germinal zones. However, we discovered that during normal embryonic development, migratory neural progenitors use other scaffolds such as blood vessels and the pial surface in order to migrate these large distances. Further, these different scaffolds contain different Extracellular Matrix (ECM) molecules, and the ECM composition atop the scaffolds changes dynamically during development. We hypothesize that the migration of neural progenitors is influenced by the topology (shape) as well as molecular composition (ECM) of these different scaffolds. In order to illustrate this phenomenon, we have modeled the three principal scaffolds in the brain (radial glia, pial surface and blood vessels) out of electrospun fibers. These fibers can be formed at different diameters to mimic a blood vessel (10‐15um) or radial glial process (3‐5um) topology or a flat tortuous surface like the pial surface, and they can be coated with different ECM proteins corresponding to the in vivo data. We cultured Neural Stem Cells (NSC) on top of these fibers and observed their migratory behavior.Grant Funding Source: NCATS Grant 8UL1TR000090‐05
Role of STAT3 in the loud sound‐induced stress response (651.19)
Authors: Nuttall Alfred , Foster Sarah , Omelchenko Irina , Wilson Teresa 
Published: June 2021

Background: Signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a stress responsive transcription factor. STAT3 also possesses transcription‐independent activities of including direct regulation mitochondrial respiration and complex I activity as well as inhibition of autophagy under normal physiological conditions. Objective: To determine the role of STAT3 in the loud sound‐induced stress response in the inner ear. Methods and Results: Exposure of male CBA/CaJ mice (8 weeks old, n=5/group) to a moderately damaging level of sound (110 dB SPL, 4‐48 kHz, 3 hrs) resulted in phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of STAT3 in many cell types in the inner ear including auditory hair cells. Pharmacological inhibition of STAT3 activity with JSI‐124 prior to noise exposure revealed improved recovery of outer hair cell (OHC) function following noise exposure by Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emission measurement. In STAT3OHC‐/‐ mice, the OHCs appeared morphologically normal and alterations in markers of autophagy were observed. Conclusions: Loud sound exposure causes widespread STAT3 activation in the cochlea and STAT3 dependent VEGF upregulation. Inhibition of STAT3 proved protective of OHC function following noise exposure suggesting a role for the STAT3 mediated inflammatory response in OHC damage. STAT3 inhibited autophagic procesess in OHCs may be involved in the recovery function.Grant Funding Source: NIDCD R01 DC000105