bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal low‐carbon scheduling of integrated local energy system considering oxygen‐enriched combustion plant and generalized energy storages
Authors: Chen Changming , Wu Xiaogang , Ma Jien , Chen Yuge , Liu Shengyuan , Wu Xinhua , Ji Qingfeng , Ye Jieyang , Yang Li , Lin Zhenzhi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUnder the background of carbon neutrality and large‐scale penetration of renewable energy, the integrated local energy system (ILES) has been extensively recognized as an effective way to reduce carbon emissions and improve renewable energy consumption level due to its high energy utilization and multiple energy complementarity. Hence, an optimal low‐carbon scheduling model of ILES considering oxygen‐enriched combustion plant (OECP) and generalized energy storages (GESs) is proposed in this paper to reduce the carbon emissions, improve the renewable energy consumption level and reduce the operating costs of ILES. More specifically, the cooperation mechanism between OECP and power to gas (P2G) is established to maintain a high carbon capture level during peak load periods; the GESs under the background of ILES is modelled, which can make full use of the multiple energy complementarity to improve the renewable energy consumption level of ILES. Case studies are performed on an IES that consists of an IEEE 33‐bus distribution network, a 44‐node district heating network and a 20‐node natural gas network to verify the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed model.
Multi-frequency point source detection with fully convolutional networks: Performance in realistic microwave sky simulations
Authors: Casas J. M. , González-Nuevo J. , Bonavera L. , Herranz D. , Suarez Gomez S. L. , Cueli M. M. , Crespo D. , Santos J. D. , Sánchez M. L. , Sánchez-Lasheras F. , de Cos F. J. 
Published: November 2021

Context.Point source (PS) detection is an important issue for future cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments since they are one of the main contaminants to the recovery of CMB signal on small scales. Improving its multi-frequency detection would allow us to take into account valuable information otherwise neglected when extracting PS using a channel-by-channel approach.Aims.We aim to develop an artificial intelligence method based on fully convolutional neural networks to detect PS in multi-frequency realistic simulations and compare its performance against one of the most popular multi-frequency PS detection methods, the matrix filters. The frequencies used in our analysis are 143, 217, and 353 GHz, and we imposed a Galactic cut of 30°.Methods.We produced multi-frequency realistic simulations of the sky by adding contaminating signals to the PS maps as the CMB, the cosmic infrared background, the Galactic thermal emission, the thermal Sunyaev-Zel’dovich effect, and the instrumental and PS shot noises. These simulations were used to train two neural networks called flat and spectral MultiPoSeIDoNs. The first one considers PS with a flat spectrum, and the second one is more realistic and general because it takes into account the spectral behaviour of the PS. Then, we compared the performance on reliability, completeness, and flux density estimation accuracy for both MultiPoSeIDoNs and the matrix filters.Results.Using a flux detection limit of 60 mJy, MultiPoSeIDoN successfully recovered PS reaching the 90% completeness level at 58 mJy for the flat case, and at 79, 71, and 60 mJy for the spectral case at 143, 217, and 353 GHz, respectively. The matrix filters reach the 90% completeness level at 84, 79, and 123 mJy. To reduce the number of spurious sources, we used a safer 4σflux density detection limit for the matrix filters, the same as was used in thePlanckcatalogues, obtaining the 90% of completeness level at 113, 92, and 398 mJy. In all cases, MultiPoSeIDoN obtains a much lower number of spurious sources with respect to the filtering method. The recovering of the flux density of the detections, attending to the results on photometry, is better for the neural networks, which have a relative error of 10% above 100 mJy for the three frequencies, while the filter obtains a 10% relative error above 150 mJy for 143 and 217 GHz, and above 200 mJy for 353 GHz.Conclusions.Based on the results, neural networks are the perfect candidates to substitute filtering methods to detect multi-frequency PS in future CMB experiments. Moreover, we show that a multi-frequency approach can detect sources with higher accuracy than single-frequency approaches also based on neural networks.
Ambilateral collimation study of the twin-jets in NGC 1052
Authors: Baczko A.-K. , Ros E. , Kadler M. , Fromm C. M. , Boccardi B. , Perucho M. , Krichbaum T. P. , Burd P. R. , Zensus J. A. 
Published: November 2021

Context. With the increase in the sensitivity and resolution of radio interferometry within recent years, the study of the collimation and acceleration region of extragalactic jets in active galactic nuclei (AGN) has come into focus. Whereas a large fraction of AGN jets show a change from parabolic to conical collimation profile around the Bondi radius, there is a small number of sources that display a deviation from this standard picture, including the radio galaxy NGC 1052.
Aims. We study the jet width profile, which provides valuable information about the interplay between the central engine and accretion disk system and the formation, acceleration, and collimation of the jets.
Methods. We observed the double-sided, low-radio-power active galaxy NGC 1052 at six frequencies with the VLBA in 2017 and at 22 GHz with RadioAstron in 2016. These data are combined with archival 15, 22, and 43 GHz multi-epoch VLBA observations. From ridge-line fitting we obtained width measurements along the jet and counter-jet which were fitted with single and broken power laws.
Results. We find a clear break point in the jet collimation profile at ∼104 RS (Schwarzschild radii). Downstream of the break, the collimation is conical with a power-law index of 1.0 − 1.2 (cylindrical 0; parabolic 0.5; conical 1) for both jets. On the other hand, the upstream power-law index of 0.36 for the approaching jet is neither cylindrical nor parabolic, and the value of 0.16 for the receding jet suggests this latter is close-to cylindrical. For both jets we find a large opening angle of ∼30° at a distance of ∼103 RS and well-collimated structures with an opening angle of < 10° downstream of the break.
Conclusions. There are significant differences between the upstream collimation profiles of the approaching (eastern) and receding (western) jets. Absorption or scattering in the surrounding torus as well as an accretion wind may mimic a cylindrical profile. We need to increase the observing frequencies, which do not suffer from absorption, in order to find the true jet collimation profile upstream of 104 RS.
Brain Growth Evaluation Assessed with Transfontanellar (B-GREAT) Ultrasound. Old and New Bedside Markers to Estimate Cerebral Growth in Preterm Infants: a Pilot Study
Authors: Arena Roberta , Gallini Francesca , De Rose Domenico Umberto , Conte Francesca , Giraldi Luca , Pianini Teresa , Perri Alessandro , Catenazzi Piero , Orfeo Luigi , Vento Giovanni , Govaert Paul 
Published: November 2021

Objective We aimed to investigate the feasibility of evaluating overall preterm brain growth using a gathered set of measurements of brain structures in standard cranial ultrasound planes. We called this method of assessment Brain Growth Evaluation Assessed with Transfontanellar ultrasound (B-GREAT).
Study design In this prospective observational cohort study, cranial ultrasound was regularly performed (on day 1, 2, 3, and 7 of life, and then weekly until discharge, and at term) in preterm infants born with gestational age (GA) less than 32 weeks. We evaluated corpus callosum length, corpus callosum–fastigium length, anterior horn width, frontal white matter height, total brain surface, deep grey matter height, hemisphere height, transverse cerebellar diameter in the axial view, and transverse cerebellar diameter coronal view. Measurements obtained were used to develop growth charts for B-GREAT markers as a function of postmenstrual age. Reproducibility of B-GREAT markers was studied.
Results A total of 528 cranial ultrasounds were performed in 80 neonates (median birth GA: 28+5 weeks and interquartile range: 27+3–30+5). The intraclass correlation coefficients for intra-observer and inter-observer analyses showed substantial agreement for all B-GREAT markers. Growth curves for B-GREAT markers were developed.
Conclusion B-GREAT is a feasible and reproducible method for bedside monitoring of the growth of the main brain structures in preterm neonates.
Key Points
Maternal COVID-19 Infection and Possible Associated Adverse Neurological Fetal Outcomes, Two Case Reports
Authors: Archuleta Charlotte , Wade Christine , Micetic Becky , Tian Ashley , Mody Kartik 
Published: November 2021

Introduction The long-term effects of prenatal coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection on the fetal brain are mostly unknown at this time; however, there is increasing evidence being published.
Case Report Two cases of severe ventriculomegaly, neurological dysfunction, and seizures were found in neonates with prenatal exposure to COVID-19 infection during the first and third trimesters of pregnancy.
Conclusion Inflammation during the prenatal and neonatal periods may be associated with neurological disorders or injury. Despite the presumed lack of vertical transmission, post-COVID-19 syndrome and its associated inflammation may have an impact on the unborn fetus. Hyper-vigilance and dissemination of adverse findings are of significant importance as we navigate through this evolving pandemic and its effects.
Key Points
Sport Supplements and the Athlete’s Gut: A Review
Authors: Wilson Patrick 
Published: November 2021

AbstractVigorous or prolonged exercise poses a challenge to gastrointestinal system functioning and is associated with digestive symptoms. This narrative review addresses 1) the potential of dietary supplements to enhance gut function and reduce exercise-associated gastrointestinal symptoms and 2) strategies for reducing gastrointestinal-related side effects resulting from popular sports supplements. Several supplements, including probiotics, glutamine, and bovine colostrum, have been shown to reduce markers of gastrointestinal damage and permeability with exercise. Yet the clinical ramifications of these findings are uncertain, as improvements in symptoms have not been consistently observed. Among these supplements, probiotics modestly reduced exercise-associated gastrointestinal symptoms in a few studies, suggesting they are the most evidenced-based choice for athletes looking to manage such symptoms through supplementation. Carbohydrate, caffeine, and sodium bicarbonate are evidence-based supplements that can trigger gastrointestinal symptoms. Using glucose-fructose mixtures is beneficial when carbohydrate ingestion is high (>50 g/h) during exercise, and undertaking multiple gut training sessions prior to competition may also be helpful. Approaches for preventing caffeine-induced gastrointestinal disturbances include using low-to-moderate doses (<500 mg) and avoiding/minimizing exacerbating factors (stress, anxiety, other stimulants, fasting). Adverse gastrointestinal effects of sodium bicarbonate can be avoided by using enteric-coated formulations, low doses (0.2 g/kg), or multi-day loading protocols.
G protein signaling–biased mu opioid receptor agonists that produce sustained G protein activation are noncompetitive agonists
Authors: Stahl Edward L. , Schmid Cullen L. , Acevedo-Canabal Agnes , Read Cai , Grim Travis W. , Kennedy Nicole M. , Bannister Thomas D. , Bohn Laura M. 
Published: November 2021

Significance
Analgesic tolerance can result upon chronic use of opioid drugs necessitating dose escalation to treat pain. The biased mu opioid receptor agonist SR-17018 maintains antinociceptive efficacy without evidence of tolerance when given chronically to mice. Here, we show that SR-17018 and related compounds are noncompetitive agonists that stabilize the receptor in an active state that can still be blocked by orthosteric antagonists. We propose that this mode of activation may contribute to the biased agonists’ apparent ability to preferentially induce G protein signaling in cellular assays and may underlie the enduring efficacy observed for SR-17018 in vivo.
Temporal order of signal propagation within and across intrinsic brain networks
Authors: Veit Mike J. , Kucyi Aaron , Hu Wenhan , Zhang Chao , Zhao Baotian , Guo Zhihao , Yang Bowen , Sava-Segal Clara , Perry Claire , Zhang Jianguo , Zhang Kai , Parvizi Josef 
Published: November 2021

Significance
Direct electrical stimulation and intracranial recordings from the human brain during cognitive experiments revealed unique information about the temporal order of signal processing within and across intrinsic resting-state networks. Pairs of regions located within the same intrinsic networks communicate faster and coactivate closer in time than those located across different intrinsic networks.
Linguistic territoriality under stress
Authors: Burckhardt Till , Coakley John , Marácz László 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis article revisits a well-known dichotomy (the ‘territorial’ and ‘personal’ principles) and develops a four-element classification of state approaches (from the most generous to the most menacing, from the perspective of speakers of minority languages). The article examines the implications for language policy of geographically dispersed or spatially concentrated patterns of distribution of speakers of particular languages. We begin by exploring the general literature on language policy, focusing in particular on the territorial and personal principles, the use of ‘threshold rules’ at municipal and other subnational levels, and the hybrid language regimes that are often a consequence of sociolinguistic complexity. We consider the extent to which responses to linguistic diversity across Europe may be understood by reference to these principles and categories. We explain why we have selected particular case studies (the Baltic republics, Transylvania, Switzerland, Belgium and Ireland) for further exploration. We conclude that, notwithstanding the value of the typologies we consider, real-life cases are almost invariably more complex, with states implementing policies that defy categorisation, that may change over time, and that may treat different language minorities by reference to different principles.
Personality and territoriality in theory and in Belgium
Authors: Schutter Helder De 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLanguage policy debates regularly refer to the principles of personality and territoriality. Yet the precise meaning of these principles remains unclear. In this contribution, I conceptualize these principles as poles of a continuum between official bilingualism (instantiating the personality principle) and official unilingualism (exemplifying the territoriality principle), with a mixed regime in between (which grants a certain territorial primacy to a language, but allows exceptions based on linguistic affiliation). The question of the determination of particular points on the continuum cannot be separated from the metaterritorial question of the boundaries of the units within which those principles apply. Application of this ‘continuum model’ to Belgium draws attention to three language-political regimes. The first invokes a strict personality principle (Brussels). The second follows the strict territoriality principle (almost all municipalities in Flanders and Wallonia). The third is a mixed regime (a total of 27 ‘municipalities with facilities’ where one language enjoys primacy but speakers of another language enjoy certain linguistic ‘facilities’). The article also analyses the manner in which these regimes were historically established in Belgium in combination with a delineation of the language border and the division of the country into four language areas.
Geographical retreat and symbolic advance?
Authors: Coakley John 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLanguage policy in the Republic of Ireland has an unusual starting point: the geographical base of the Irish language is very weak and territorially dispersed, yet the constitutional status of the language is extremely strong. The article explores this paradox. It sets Irish language policy in two contexts: that of successful nationalist movements mainly in Central and Eastern Europe in the early twentieth century, and that of the struggling Celtic languages of Western Europe. It explores the evolution of the language and its weakening demographic status since the nineteenth century, noting that while its demographic weakness mirrors that of the other Celtic languages, its constitutional entrenchment resembles that of the national languages of Central and East European states. It attempts to explain this by suggesting that the language has played a marginal role in nationalist mobilisation; the language served as a symbol of a specific cultural heritage rather than as the vital lingua franca of the community. The central role of the language in nationalist ideology, however, failed to address the reality of continuing decline in the Irish-speaking districts, notwithstanding the emergence of a sizeable population of ‘new speakers’ of the language outside these districts.
High-sensitivity electrical properties measurement of graphene-based composites using interferometric near-field microwave technique
Authors: Bakli Hind , Moualhi Mohamed , Makhlouf Mourad 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
High-sensitivity electrical properties measurement of composite materials using an interferometric near-field microwave technique is proposed in this paper. A one-port calibration model is developed to relate the measured transmission coefficient to the local properties of the material. To represent the probe–composite sample interaction, an electrical model based on lumped elements is developed. As a demonstration, the complex permittivity and conductivity of composite materials prepared with polyvinyl chloride and different concentrations of graphene are experimentally determined at 2.45 GHz. The obtained results show that the proposed technique is sensitive for the detection of small contrasts of permittivity and conductivity in the composite material. When the graphene concentration increases from 1% to 30%, the conductivity increases from 0.0061 s m−1 to 0.056 s m−1.
Photonic implementation of spike timing dependent plasticity with weight-dependent learning window based on VCSOA
Authors: Tian Tao , Wu Zhengmao , Lin Xiaodong , Tang Xi , Gao Ziye , Ni Min , Xia Guangqiong , Chen Haitao , Deng Tao 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Based on the well-known Fabry–Pérot approach, after taking into account the variation of bias current of the vertical-cavity semiconductor optical amplifier (VCSOA) according to the present synapse weight, we implement the optical spike timing dependent plasticity (STDP) with weight-dependent learning window in a VCSOA with double optical spike injections, and numerically investigate the corresponding weight-dependent STDP characteristics. The simulation results show that, the bias current of VCSOA has significant effect on the optical STDP curve. After introducing an adaptive variation of the bias current according to the present synapse weight, the optical weight-dependent STDP based on VCSOA can be realized. Moreover, the weight training based on the optical weight-dependent STDP can be effectively controlled by adjusting some typical external or intrinsic parameters and the excessive adjusting of synaptic weight is avoided, which can be used to balance the stability and competition among synapses and pave a way for the future large-scale energy efficient optical spiking neural networks based on the weight-dependent STDP learning mechanism.
Higher-order tensor decomposition based scalp-to-intracranial EEG projection for detection of interictal epileptiform discharges
Authors: Abdi-Sargezeh Bahman , Valentin Antonio , Alarcon Gonzalo , Martin-Lopez David , Sanei Saeid 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Objective. Interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) occur between two seizures onsets. IEDs are mainly captured by intracranial recordings and are often invisible over the scalp. This study proposes a model based on tensor factorization to map the time-frequency (TF) features of scalp EEG (sEEG) to the TF features of intracranial EEG (iEEG) in order to detect IEDs from over the scalp with high sensitivity. Approach. Continuous wavelet transform is employed to extract the TF features. Time, frequency, and channel modes of IED segments from iEEG recordings are concatenated into a four-way tensor. Tucker and CANDECOMP/PARAFAC decomposition techniques are employed to decompose the tensor into temporal, spectral, spatial, and segmental factors. Finally, TF features of both IED and non-IED segments from scalp recordings are projected onto the temporal components for classification. Main results. The model performance is obtained in two different approaches: within- and between-subject classification approaches. Our proposed method is compared with four other methods, namely a tensor-based spatial component analysis method, TF-based method, linear regression mapping model, and asymmetric–symmetric autoencoder mapping model followed by convolutional neural networks. Our proposed method outperforms all these methods in both within- and between-subject classification approaches by respectively achieving 84.2% and 72.6% accuracy values. Significance. The findings show that mapping sEEG to iEEG improves the performance of the scalp-based IED detection model. Furthermore, the tensor-based mapping model outperforms the autoencoder- and regression-based mapping models.
Swirling to improve heat transfer in the MHD flow of liquid metal in a duct
Authors: Yu Chernysh D , Krasnov D , Kolesnikov Yu B , Belyaev I A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The subject of this study is the effect of the initial “swirling” of the flow by installing cylindrical elements in the initial flow region affected by strong magnetic field. In particular, various designs (longitudinal, transverse, and inclined arrangement with respect to the magnetic field) and the dimensions of the cylinders are considered. To create liquid metal systems that are more predictable and possibly more efficient from the point of view of thermal hydraulics, we experimentally studied the flow in a rectangular channel with dimensions of 56×16 mm. For the first time, it was found that the presence of an initial flow disturbance leads to significant changes in the flow at a significant length (700 mm).
Numerical analysis of heat transfer and fluid flow around circular and non-circular tubes
Authors: Deeb R , Sidenkov D V 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A two-dimensional study of turbulent flow and heat transfer in a channel with circular and non-circular tubes has been carried out using the CFD Fluent software package. Four non-circular tubes were investigated: flat, ellipse, cam, and drop-shaped. Reynolds number varied in the range of 7300 ≤ Re ≤ 14600. All tubes were investigated under similar operating conditions. Local heat transfer, pressure, and friction coefficients over a surface of the tubes were presented. The thermal-hydraulic performance was used to estimate the efficiency of the non-circular tubes. The results indicated that the drop-shaped tube has the best thermal-hydraulic performance, which was about 5.6, 2.6, 1.7, 1.3 times higher than that of the circular, flat, ellipse, cam tube, respectively.