bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combining Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Materials in 3D Printing for Fabricating Microfluidic Devices with Spatial Wettability
Authors: Männel Max J. , Weigel Niclas , Hauck Nicolas , Heida Thomas , Thiele Julian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe fabrication of microfluidic flow cells via projection micro‐stereolithography (PμSL) has excited researchers in recent years. However, due to the inherent process properties of most commercial PμSL, microfluidic devices are fabricated in a monolithic fashion with uniform material properties across a flow cell. Yet, the large surface‐to‐volume ratio in microfluidics demands to tailor microchannel surface properties—particularly in planar microchannel arrangements—with spatial control and micron‐scale resolution to form a desired flow profile, e.g., emulsion droplets. Here, the fabrication of planar microfluidic devices by PμSLbased 3D printing with spatial control over surface properties is presented. For that, homemade photopolymer formulations being either hydrophilic or hydrophobic are designed. Adding acrylic acid to a resin containing poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate lowers the contact angle down to 0° against water creating a superhydrophilic surface. By utilizing 1H,1H,2H,2H‐perfluorodecyl acrylate, a photopolymer formulation allowing for 3D‐printing a hydrophobic microchannel surface with a contact angle >120° against water is obtained. Combining these two materials, microfluidic flow cells with spatially defined wettability are 3D‐printed for emulsion formation. Finally, the resin vat of the commercial PμSL printer is switched during the printing process for fabricating multimaterial geometries, as exemplarily applied for realizing a hydrophobic‐hydrophilic‐hydrophobic device for forming O/W/O double emulsions.
Liquid‐Based Digital Readable Tilt Sensor
Authors: Matsuda Ryosuke , Zihao Song , Kamoto Umihiro , Ota Hiroki 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIt is crucial for tilt sensors to be driven by simple systems for motion‐tracking devices, robot control, and aviation equipment. However, in current tilt sensors, measurement error accumulation, which is known as drift, occurs owing to complicated calculations. Moreover, to mitigate drift, an alternating current or optical equipment is required, which increases the complexity of the observation system. Thus, for further application of tilt sensors, a simple measurement system is essential. In this study, a sensor that can detect tilt by simply turning a direct current on and off using a conductive liquid material is developed. This sensor detects the direction and angle of the tilt in two dimensions, and it does not require an external calculation mechanism because it detects the tilt directly as a digital signal. A leveling machine with thermal actuators and a wearable device is demonstrated as applications of the developed sensor. This sensor realizes angle detection with a simple mechanism and structural solution, which is significant in the field of wearable devices and robots.
Overcoming Barriers: Clinical Translation of siRNA Nanomedicines
Authors: Tieu Terence , Wei Yingkai , Cifuentes‐Rius Anna , Voelcker Nicolas H. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRNA interference has garnered new hope for many difficult to treat diseases that have been “undruggable” using conventional small molecule drugs or monoclonal antibodies. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) has shown great strides in targeting difficult to treat diseases as siRNA therapeutics are able to efficiently silence specific genes throughout the body. This review highlights major barriers in siRNA delivery and how nanoparticles have been used to circumvent these barriers. The authors outline many of the recent promising preclinical successes in siRNA delivery using nanoparticles. Importantly, the review examines current FDA‐approved siRNA therapeutics and provides a comprehensive analysis of current siRNA candidates in clinical trials. Lastly, the authors discuss future challenges and opportunities in this expansive field of research.
Effect of geographic distance on domestic trade: A case of the US Green industry
Authors: Yue Chengyan , Lai Yufeng , Khachatryan Hayk , Hodges Alan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe prediction that the effect of geographic distance as a barrier for trade will decrease over time and eventually be eliminated as a result of technological developments has been proposed for decades. However, empirical evidence suggests the negative effect of geographic distance persists in both international and domestic trade. This study uses data from a national survey of nursery and greenhouse growers in the United States to investigate the effect of geographic distance on trade. We model trades as a two‐step process in which selling firms and buyers were matched first, and then a positive trade flow occurs conditional on the match. This process leads to a simple zero‐inflated estimation strategy and provides a meaningful interpretation of the zero‐trades. We demonstrate that this approach predicts the overall trade flow better than the Poisson or Gamma Pseudo Maximum Likelihood (PML) approach, due to its ability to predict zero trade flows more accurately. The empirical results indicate the effect of distance on trade volume is large and statistically significant. In addition, firms trade almost exclusively with partners in the home state or in states with branch offices. We find that social media and website advertising is much less effective in increasing the trade flow than traditional advertising channels. [EconLit Citations: Q17, Q13].
Calculation of the flux density function for protein crystals from small scale settling and filtration experiments
Authors: Radel Benjamin , Nguyen Tu Hoang , Nirschl Hermann 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDevelopment and engineering of protein crystals regarding mechanical stability and crystallizability occurs on a small scale. Later in the process chain of industrial production however, filtration properties are important to separate the crystals from mother liquor. Many protein crystals are sensitive to mechanical stress which is why it is important to know the filtration behavior early on. In this study, we analyze settling and filtration behavior of isometric, rod‐like and needle shaped lysozyme and rod‐like alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) crystals on a small scale using an optical analytical centrifuge. Needle shaped lysozyme and rod‐like ADH crystals show compressible material behavior. With the results from settling and filtration experiments, the flux density function is calculated and modeled which can be used to describe the whole settling and permeation process in dependency of the solids volume fraction. This is also an issue for simulations of industrial processes.
The effect of data provenance on estimates of gestation length in African and Asian colobines
Authors: Borries Carola , Smaers Jeroen B. , Mongle Carrie S. , Koenig Andreas 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesIt seems to be commonly accepted that gestation length within the subfamily Colobinae lasts several weeks longer in the African tribe (Colobini) than in the Asian tribe (Presbytini) even though closely related taxa of similar body mass should have similar life histories. Suspecting problems with data provenance to cause the difference, we revisited the published records expecting similar gestation lengths in both tribes if based on vetted, accurate data.Materials and MethodsWe compiled published gestation length data for Colobini and Presbytini, labeling them as “unspecified” (n = 16) if the primary reference could not be located, methods were not described, and/or conceptions, the beginning of gestation, were determined based on sporadic observations of mating. If conceptions were determined based on changing hormone levels or patterns of daily mating records, we labeled the data as “accurate” (n = 12). We analyzed the ln transformed data in a phylogenetic framework in relation to adult female body mass.ResultsIn the unspecified dataset, gestation length in the two tribes overlapped extensively and did not differ significantly. However, in the accurate dataset, gestation length was significantly shorter in Colobini (not longer, as previously assumed).DiscussionData provenance had a strong impact on the comparison, reversing the relationship in gestation length in the two sister tribes. It remains to be determined why gestation lengths differ, whether, relative to the other primates, Colobini have a shortened gestation or Presbytini a lengthened gestation, and whether similar differences exist in other closely related taxa. Addressing these questions will require additional, broader, comparative analyses.
Kooperative Effekte in schaltbarer Katalyse: Verbesserung der Doppel‐Click‐Reaktionsausbeuten von symmetrischen Rotaxanen
Authors: Ghosh Amit , Paul Indrajit , Schmittel Michael 
Published: July 2021

AbstractReversibles Umschalten zwischen der in sich geschlossenen cyclisch‐dimeren Anordnung [Cu2(1)2]2+ (AUS‐Zustand) und dem expandierten dimeren homoleptischen Komplex [FeCu2(1)2]4+ (AN‐Zustand) durch Zugabe/Entfernung von Fe2+ ermöglichte die Katalyse einer Doppel‐Clickreaktion und die Präparation von [2]‐Rotaxanen in hoher Ausbeute. Mechanistische und computergestützte Studien offenbaren kooperative Effekte im zweiten Cycloadditionsschritt aufgrund einer abstandstoleranten Präorganisation des ersten Clickprodukts an den beiden Kupfer(I)‐beladenen Phenanthrolin‐Untereinheiten von [FeCu2(1)2]4+, was wertvolle grundlegende Erkenntnisse für Doppel‐Click‐Strategien liefert.
Study on the biodegradability of a chitosan‐modified hyperbranched polymer for enhanced oil recovery
Authors: Chen Qingyuan , Ye Zhongbin , Xu Hongwei , Wang Yuqi , Lai Nanjun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study introduced a chitosan‐modified hyperbranched polymer (HPDACS). The biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, and biodegradability of HPDACS under different water quality were measured under static conditions, as well as the concentration changes before and after degradation. Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) was used to observe the micromorphology before and after degradation. The biodegradability, viscosity change, and molecular weight change of the polymer before and after passing through the porous medium were measured. The results were compared with the partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide and the dendritic polymer. The results showed that in bacteria‐containing sewage, the biodegradation rate of HPDACS reached 81%. Moreover, the molecular backbone of HPDACS was completely broken after degradation. Its viscosity loss reached 84.87%, indicating its good biodegradability. HPDACS also can reduce the concentration of polymer in the produced fluid. In core flow experiments, viscosity of HPDACS is loss to 40%. The hyperbranched network structure of HPDACS can reduce the shearing action in the porous medium, thus reducing the extent of biodegradation. The presence of microorganisms resulted in a viscosity loss of HPDACS of ~2%. Therefore, HPDACS can fully exert the fluidity control effect through the porous medium and can meet the requirements of polymer flooding.
Green lignin‐based polyester nanofiltration membranes with ethanol and chlorine resistance
Authors: Zhan Shuo , Li Saisai , Zhan Xia , Li Jiding , Lei Jiandu , Wang Luying 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAs the main water treatment material, polymeric membranes inevitably suffer from membrane fouling. In this work, novel lignin‐based polyester composite nanofiltration membranes (NFM) with ethanol and chlorine resistance were fabricated via interfacial polymerization. Lignin alkali (LA), a green lignin derivative, typically treated as chemical waste in the paper industry, was employed as the aqueous monomer, trimesoyl chloride (TMC) is served as the organic monomer. The structure and separation properties of the lignin‐based NFM were studied, revealing that the dense polyester separation layer may show good performance for dye removal. The rejections of the optimized LA/TMC‐3 membrane with an excellent permeation flux of 13.9 kg m−2∙h−1 for rose Bengal sodium salt, brilliant blue, congo red, rhodamine B, MgSO4, and NaCl are 97.6%, 97.3%, 97.8%, 71.34%, 51.4%, and 31.8%, respectively. Moreover, the LA/TMC‐3 membrane also shows long‐term tolerance in ethanol and sodium hypochlorite solution; the rejection of LA/TMC‐3 to dye only decreases 8% after 8 days when immersed in alcohol, while the normalized rejection maintains 94% after 4000 ppm‐hours of continuous exposure to chlorine. This lignin‐based polyester membrane may broaden the sustainable utilization sphere of lignin derivatives, at that provide a referable direction for the development of membrane materials.
Serendipity in the city: User evaluations of urban recommender systems
Authors: Smets Annelien , Vannieuwenhuyze Jorre , Ballon Pieter 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe contemporary city is increasingly being labeled as a smart city consisting of both physical and virtual spaces. This digital augmentation of urban life sets the scene for urban recommender systems to help citizens dealing with the abundance of digital information and corresponding choice overload, for example, by recommending the best place to have dinner based on your personal profile. There are, however, concerns that this kind of algorithmic filtering could lead to homogenization of urban experiences and a decline of social cohesion among citizens. To overcome this issue, scholars increasingly encourage the introduction of serendipity in all types of recommender systems. Nonetheless, it remains unclear how this can be achieved in practice. In this work, we study user evaluations of serendipity in urban recommender systems through a survey among 1,641 citizens. More specifically, we study which characteristics of recommended items contribute to serendipitous experiences and to what extent this increases user satisfaction and conversion. Our results align with findings in other application domains in the sense that there is a strong relation between the relevance and novelty of recommendations and the corresponding experienced serendipity. Moreover, serendipitous recommendations are found to increase the chance of users following up on these recommendations.
Copy theory
Authors: de Fremery Wayne , Buckland Michael K. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn information science, writing, printing, telecommunication, and digital computing have been central concerns because of their ability to distribute information. Overlooked is the obvious fact that these technologies fashion copies, and the theorizing of copies has been neglected. We may think a copy is the same as what it copies, but no two objects can really be the same. “The same” means similar enough as an acceptable substitute for some purpose. The differences between usefully similar things are also often important, in forensic analysis, for example, or inferential processes. Status as a copy is only one form of relationship between objects, but copies are so integral to information science that they demand a theory. Indeed, theorizing copies provides a basis for a more complete and unified view of information science.
Optimizing cluster selections for the replacement planning of water distribution systems
Authors: Chen Thomas Ying‐Jeh , Man Chung , Daly Craig Michael 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRisk assessment is an effective tool for revealing criticalities across an entire water system. However, standard outputs that report risk at the individual pipe segment level can have limited use for decision support since utilities typically plan for the replacement of aggregated areas to minimize disruption and cost. This research presents a process for aggregating individual pipes into high‐risk clusters. Each cluster is a group of contiguous pipe which, when targeted, will reduce mobilization cost and community disruption. A graph search is first used to locate potential clusters, and then the optimal selection, which maximizes risk capture, is identified. An integer programming model is presented, and the process is implemented on a real system. Empirical trials suggest that the ability to prevent future breaks is not significantly reduced when prioritizing clusters rather than individual pipes. This shows that the proposed method can guide more cost‐efficient planning for pipe replacements.Article Impact StatementA method is presented to identify contiguous clusters of high‐risk individual pipes and optimize their selection for maximum risk reduction.
Multi‐omics profiling of a CHO cell culture system unravels the effect of culture pH on cell growth, antibody titer, and product quality
Authors: Lee Alison P. , Kok Yee Jiun , Lakshmanan Meiyappan , Leong Dawn , Zheng Lu , Lim Hsueh Lee , Chen Shuwen , Mak Shi Ya , Ang Kok Siong , Templeton Neil , Salim Taha , Wei Xiaona , Gifford Eric , Tan Andy Hee‐Meng , Bi Xuezhi , Ng Say Kong , Lee Dong‐Yup , Ling Wai Lam W. , Ho Ying Swan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA robust monoclonal antibody (mAb) bioprocess requires physiological parameters such as temperature, pH, or dissolved oxygen to be well‐controlled as even small variations in them could potentially impact the final product quality. For instance, pH substantially affects N‐glycosylation, protein aggregation, and charge variant profiles, as well as mAb productivity. However, relatively less is known about how pH jointly influences product quality and titer. In this study, we investigated the effect of pH on culture performance, product titer, and quality profiles by applying longitudinal multi‐omics profiling, including transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and glycomics, at three different culture pH set points. The subsequent systematic analysis of multi‐omics data showed that pH set points differentially regulated various intracellular pathways including intracellular vesicular trafficking, cell cycle, and apoptosis, thereby resulting in differences in specific productivity, product titer, and quality profiles. In addition, a time‐dependent variation in mAb N‐glycosylation profiles, independent of pH, was identified to be mainly due to the accumulation of mAb proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum disrupting cellular homeostasis over culture time. Overall, this multi‐omics‐based study provides an in‐depth understanding of the intracellular processes in mAb‐producing CHO cell line under varied pH conditions, and could serve as a baseline for enabling the quality optimization and control of mAb production.
The effects of regional trade integration and renewable energy transition on environmental quality: Evidence from South Asian neighbors
Authors: Murshed Muntasir , Ahmed Rizwan , Kumpamool Chamaiporn , Bassim Mohga , Elheddad Mohamed 
Published: July 2021

AbstractImproving environmental quality across South Asia has become one of the utmost important policy agendas of the concerned governments. The susceptibility of the majority of the South Asian countries to multifaceted climate change adversities has motivated the need to identify the factors that can function to ensure environmental sustainability across South Asia. Although several studies have highlighted the importance of globalization and cleaner energy use in tackling the environmental degradaton issues of the South Asian countries, very little is known regarding the impacts of regional trade and renewable energy transition in this regard. Hence, this paper aims to scrutinize the effects of enhancing intra‐regional trade integration and undergoing renewable energy transition on per capita carbon dioxide emissions in the context of six South Asian nations between 1990 and 2016. The results from the recently developed cross‐sectionally augmented autoregressive distributed lag regression approach, accounting for cross‐sectional dependency and slope heterogeneity issues, reveal that facilitating trade among the South Asian neighbors reduces carbon emissions in both the short and long run. Moreover, enhancing the share of renewable energy in the aggregate energy consumption figures is also found to reduce carbon dioxide emissions in both the short and long run. Furthermore, both regional trade integration and renewable energy transition are found to jointly reduce carbon dioxide emissions in South Asia. The results also authenticate the existence of the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis, while financial development and urbanization are found to boost carbon dioxide emissions only in the long run.
Scrub typhus in pregnancy presenting with permanent hearing loss: A case report
Authors: Tshering Sangay , Dorji Namkha , Dem Dago , Om Tandin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAs clinicians, we need to be vigilant about these rare and atypical presentations given the endemic nature of scrub typhus in southern belt of the country. Timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment is the key aspect to prevent further complications.
Oxygen Absorption in Electrocatalyst Layers Detected by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy
Authors: Moghaddam Mahdi , Peljo Pekka 
Published: July 2021

AbstractScanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) is able to track the local electrochemical activity of an electrolyte‐immersed substrate employing an ultra‐micro‐electrode (UME) in micrometer‐scale spatial resolution. In this study, SECM is employed to investigate the presence of oxygen in the electrocatalyst layers of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells and electrolyzers. Approach curves on electrocatalyst layers with the tip potential set for oxygen reduction reveal that a significant amount of oxygen is absorbed in the catalyst layer. We confirm that the coexistence of Nafion ionomer and carbon black leads to oxygen confinement. It is suggested that this oxygen is confined within the hydrophobic parts of the self‐assembled Nafion on the graphitic surfaces of the carbon black.
Transition‐Metal‐Free C2‐Functionalization of Pyridines through Aryne Three‐Component Coupling
Authors: Guin Avishek , Bhattacharjee Subrata , Biju Akkattu T. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe direct C2‐functionalization of pyridines through a transition‐metal‐free protocol by using aryne multicomponent coupling is demonstrated. The reaction allowed a broad‐scope synthesis of C2‐substituted pyridine derivatives bearing the −CF3 group in good yields with α,α,α‐trifluoroacetophenones as the third component. Activated keto esters could also be employed as the third component in this formal 1,2‐di(hetero)arylation of ketones. Performing the reaction under dilute conditions inhibited the competing pyridine–aryne polymerization pathway. Nucleophilic attack by the initially generated pyridylidene intermediate on the carbonyl followed by an SNAr process resembling the Smiles rearrangement affords the desired products.