bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Osteoinduction within adipose tissue fragments by heterodimeric bone morphogenetic Proteins‐2/6 and ‐2/7 versus homodimeric bone morphogenetic protein‐2: Therapeutic implications for bone regeneration
Authors: Betz Volker M. , Ren Bin , Betz Oliver B. , Jansson Volkmar , Müller Peter E. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundFragments of subcutaneous adipose tissue that have been genetically modified to express bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2) regenerate large segmental osseous lesions in rodents. Gene‐activated adipose tissue can be implanted into osseous defects without prior cell extraction and cell culture. The present study aimed to explore whether the heterodimers BMP‐2/6 or BMP‐2/7 exceed the osteoinductive effect of BMP‐2 on adipose tissue.MethodsIn an in vitro tissue culture system, freshly harvested rat subcutaneous adipose tissue was cultivated in the presence of either BMP‐2 or BMP‐2/6 or BMP‐2/7 at a high (200 ng/ml) and low (50 ng/ml) concentration. Gene expression analysis as well as histological and immunohistochemical methods were applied to test for osteoinduction.ResultsA concentration of 200 ng/ml of homodimeric BMP‐2 induced osteogenic differentiation most potently, showing more calcification and a higher expression level of bone markers than both concentrations of BMP‐2/6 or ‐2/7. A concentration of 50 ng/ml of BMP‐2 was a significantly stronger osteogenic inducer than both concentrations of BMP‐2/6 and the low concentration of BMP‐2/7. The most potent heterodimeric driver of osteoinduction was BMP‐2/7 at a high concentration, demonstrating effects similar to those of BMP‐2 at a low concentration.ConclusionsHomodimeric BMP‐2 evoked osteoinduction within adipose tissue more potently and at a lower concentration than heterodimeric BMP‐2/6 or BMP‐2/7. This result agrees well with the fact that it might be easier to translate adipose grafts activated by homodimeric BMP‐2 clinically. Preclinical in vivo gene transfer studies are necessary to confirm the results of the present study.
Psychedelic philanthropy: The nonprofit sector and Timothy Leary's 1960s psychedelic movement
Authors: Elcock Chris 
Published: February 2021

AbstractLittle has been written on the financial support behind Timothy Leary's unorthodox research into mind‐altering drugs like LSD and psilocybin and his subsequent psychedelic movement. Indeed several individuals and organizations helped the psychedelic cause by directly funding Leary's ventures, offering legal and logistic assistance, and organizing fund‐raising campaigns. I argue that classic philanthropic attitudes and wealthy patrons played a major supporting role for Leary's psychedelic movement in the first part of the decade and that the changes in Leary's research objectives and his transition from academic to LSD guru were accompanied by changes in the patterns of support that occurred throughout the 1960s. This paper also connects Leary's legal troubles in the second part of the decade with the rise of the movement to legalize cannabis and points to historical continuity by looking at contemporary endeavors to fund psychedelic research.
Preventing Staphylococcus aureus stainless steel‐associated infections in orthopedics. A systematic review and meta‐analysis of animal literature
Authors: Tsikopoulos Konstantinos , Sidiropoulos Konstantinos , Kitridis Dimitrios , Moulder Elizabeth , Ahmadi Milad , Drago Lorenzo , Lavalette David 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSurgical site infection in the presence of orthopedic implants poses significant healthcare and socioeconomic burden. To assess the potential of various prevention strategies against Staphylococcus‐induced stainless steel‐associated infections, a review of animal evidence was designed. The databases of PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL were searched until March 10, 2020, for articles including animal models with stainless steel instrumentation and techniques to prevent Staphylococcus infection. We conducted a random‐effects meta‐analysis of standardized mean differences (SMD) with subgroup analysis linked to various protection strategies and we recorded complications. Quality was assessed with the SYRCLE's risk of bias tool. Twenty‐five studies were included. Combined active coating (featuring organic antibacterial compound release) and degradable passive finishing (lipid‐ or polymer‐based structure modification reducing bacterial adhesion) was favored over untreated controls (SMDs for methicillin‐sensitive Staphylococcus aureus [MSSA] and methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus [MRSA] were −3.46, 95% CI [−4.53 to −2.4], p < .001 [n = 4 head‐to‐head comparisons]; and −6.67, 95% CI [−10.53 to −3], p < .001 [n = 5 head‐to‐head comparisons], respectively). Systemic vitamin D supplementation and systemic antibiotic administration with or without local antibiotics demonstrated favorable outcomes against MSSA infection. On the contrary, no benefit was seen following vaccination. Of note, no side effects were documented. On the basis of data gathered from eight studies, which comprised 294 animals, a bioresorbable polymer‐ or lipid‐based surface modification supplemented with organic coating yielded improved infection‐related outcomes against MSSA and MRSA stainless steel infections, and therefore, this strategy could be further investigated in human research.
Pathological factors associated with non‐sentinel lymph node metastasis in early stage cervical cancer
Authors: Diniz Thiago P. , Faloppa Carlos C. , Mantoan Henrique , Gonçalves Bruna T. , Kumagai Lillian Y. , Menezes Ademir N. O. , Badiglian‐Filho Levon , Guimaraes Andrea P. G. , da Costa Alexandre A. B. A. , De Brot Louise , Baiocchi Glauco 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze the predictive factors for non‐sentinel lymph node (non‐SLN) metastasis in early‐stage cervical cancer.MethodsWe analyzed a series of 113 patients who underwent sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping for cervical cancer. The SLNs were examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) when the hematoxylin–eosin stain was negative.ResultsThe overall bilateral detection rate was 81.5%, with a median of two SLNs resected. The study ultimately included 92 patients with SLNs that were mapped who had also undergone systematic pelvic lymph node dissection. Thirteen (14.1%) patients had positive SLNs, with a median of one positive SLN. Regarding the size of SLN metastasis, one (1.1%) had isolated tumor cells (ITC), seven (7.6%) had micrometastases, and five (5.4%) had macrometastases. Notably, 46.1% (6/13) had lymph node metastases detected only after IHC. Five (38.5%) cases had positive non‐SLNs, with a median count of one positive lymph node. Parametrial invasion was the only risk factor for positive non‐SLN (p = .045). Regarding the size of SLN metastasis, non‐SLN involvement was present in the only case with ITC (1/1), 42.9% (3/7) of cases with micrometastases, and in 20% (1/5) with macrometastases.ConclusionsOur data suggest that parametrial invasion correlates with the risk of non‐SLN metastasis in cervical cancer.
Clinical correlation of cadherin‐17 marker with advanced tumor stages and poor prognosis of cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Zheng Bo‐Hao , Shen Sheng , Wong Kwong‐Fai , Gong Zi‐Jun , Sun Wen‐Tao , Ni Xiao‐Jian , Wang Ji‐Wen , Hu Mei‐Yu , Liu Han , Ni Xiao‐Ling , Liu Hou‐Bao , Luk John M. , Suo Tao 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesIn this retrospective study, we examined the CA17 tissue expression and analyzed its clinical significance in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA).Materials and MethodsImmunohistochemistry was performed to assess CA17 expression on tissue microarrays in a training cohort enrolling 120 CCA patients and a validation cohort comprising 60 CCA patients. Image pro plus was applied to score the staining intensity and expression level of CA17 marker. Kaplan‐Meier analysis, Cox's proportional hazards regression, and nomogram were applied to evaluate the prognostic significance of CA17.ResultsCA17 cancer biomarker over‐expression was significantly observed in CCA compared to their non‐tumor counterparts, and positively correlated with aggressive tumor phenotypes, like lymph node metastasis. Meanwhile, patients with high expression of CA17 correlated with worse postoperative overall survival (OS) and recurrence‐free survival. Besides, multivariate analysis identified that CA17 expression was an independent prognostic factor for cholangiocarcinoma patients, which indicated that the CA17 could be more efficient than serum CA19‐9 in predicting the OS of CCA patients. Notably, the nomogram integrating CA17 expression had better prognostic performance as compared with current TNM staging systems.ConclusionCA17 was an independent adverse prognostic factor for CCA patients’ survival, which may serve as a promising prognostic biomarker for CCA patients.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Treatment Dropout Among Military and Veteran Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Edwards‐Stewart Amanda , Smolenski Derek J. , Bush Nigel E. , Cyr Betty‐Ann , Beech Erin H. , Skopp Nancy A. , Belsher Bradley E. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHigh treatment dropout rates reported in recent literature have brought into question the effectiveness of trauma‐focused posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) treatments among military populations. The aim of the current systematic review was to evaluate PTSD treatment dropout rates among military populations by treatment type and other study‐level variables. We searched four databases as well as gray literature for randomized controlled trials that evaluated evidence‐based PTSD treatments in samples of active duty personnel and/or veterans. In total, 26 studies were included in this review, with a total of 2,984 participants. We analyzed dropout rates across treatment types using multivariate meta‐analysis. Across all forms of treatment, the aggregated dropout rate was 24.2%. Dropout percentages based on treatment type were 27.1% for trauma‐focused treatments, 16.1% for non–trauma‐focused treatments, and 6.8% for waitlist groups. We found substantial heterogeneity between studies that was not explained by military status or other study‐level covariates. Summary risk ratios (RRs) comparing relative dropout between treatment groups indicated that trauma‐focused treatment groups had a higher risk of dropout compared to non–trauma‐focused treatments, RR = 1.60. The statistical heterogeneity of within‐treatment dropout risk ratios was negligible. Dropout rates among military patients receiving trauma‐focused therapies were only slightly higher than those reported in the literature among civilian populations and were not explained by study‐level covariates.
Interannual evolution of hydrosedimentary connectivity induced by forest cover change in a snow‐dominated mountainous catchment
Authors: Jautzy Timothée , Maltais Maxime , Buffin‐Bélanger Thomas 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHydrosedimentary connectivity is a key concept referring to the potential fluxes of water and sediment moving throughout a catchment. In forested catchments, these fluxes are prone to alterations caused by anthropogenic and natural disturbances. In this study, we modelled the interannual spatiotemporal evolution of hydrosedimentary connectivity influenced by forest cover change over the last four decades in the Mont‐Louis catchment, a medium snow‐dominated mountainous catchment in eastern Canada, which had 62% of its total surface affected by forest disturbances (mainly logging, but also wildfires and diseases) between 1979 and 2017. Using a geomorphometric index of connectivity (IC) and a historical forest cover database, we produced one IC map per year that considered anthropogenic and natural disturbances affecting the forest cover of the studied catchment. To account for vegetation recovery, forest disturbances were weighted with local hydrological recovery rates. Over the four decades, the mean IC of the Mont‐Louis catchment dramatically increased by 35% in response to different types of disturbances. The spatial evolution of IC over the whole catchment and at the sub‐catchment scale revealed that disturbance location has a strong influence on hydrosedimentary connectivity to the main channel. Our results also highlight the sharp contrast between IC computed from topography‐based impedance to those computed from vegetation‐based impedance. Forest disturbances appear to connect hillslopes with the hydrological network by producing pathways for sediment and water. Finally, the proposed reproducible framework could be useful for predicting the potential impact of harvesting and preventing damage to fish habitat and sensitive river reaches.
An advanced iterative model for computing approximated blocking probabilities and measuring the quality of service in optical communication networks
Authors: Khan Akhtar Nawaz , Ali Amjad , Imtiaz Waqas A. , Ullah Sibghat 
Published: February 2021

AbstractExisting analytical models (EAMs) are used to find the quality of service of optical networks with wavelength division multiplexing (WDM). However, the convergence of EAMs decreases with an increase in traffic load and the numbers of wavelength (w) channels. EAMs are used to compute approximated numerical values of blocking probabilities (BPs) which are based on an iterative approach. There are cases in EAMs when numerical BP values do not converge to a single point after numerous iterations. In this paper, the converge issues of EAMs have been addressed by considering a recursive approximation based on iterative approach with the convergence criteria which is called an advance approximated BP model (AABPM). The accuracy of the AABPM for WDM optical networks is examined by comparing with an EAM as well as simulation results which shows that AABPM converges to give similar approximated numerical values with less convergence time.
Ultrawideband inkjet‐printed monopole antennas for energy harvesting application
Authors: Alex‐Amor Antonio , Palomares‐Caballero Ángel , Moreno‐Núñez Javier , Tamayo‐Domínguez Adrián , García‐García Carmelo , Fernández‐González José M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMultiple communication and identification systems are taking advantage of inkjet‐printing techniques for the production of flexible, low‐cost, and lightweight printed radiating elements. In this paper, we bring the advantages of inkjet printing to the design of efficient and low‐cost wideband radio‐frequency (RF) energy harvesters. We present the design, manufacturing, and measurement of two inkjet‐printed ultrawideband monopole antennas. Both elliptical and circular monopoles are printed with a silver conductive ink on a thin polyethylene terephthalate film that lays on a foam substrate. Measurements show that the antennas operate efficiently from 0.6 to 8 GHz, covering the most relevant power contributions coming from the radio spectrum. In addition, the antennas show omnidirectional characteristics, highly desirable for broad spatial coverage in RF energy harvesting.
SpiNet: A deep neural network for Schatten p‐norm regularized medical image reconstruction
Authors: Rastogi Aditya , Yalavarthy Phaneendra Kumar 
Published: February 2021

PurposeTo propose a generic deep learning based medical image reconstruction model (named as SpiNet) that can enforce any Schatten p‐norm regularization with 0 < p ≤ 2, where the p can be learnt (or fixed) based on the problem at hand.MethodsModel‐based deep learning architecture for solving inverse problems consists of two parts, a deep learning based denoiser and an iterative data consistency solver. The former has either L2 norm or L1 norm enforced on it, which are convex and can be easily minimized. This work proposes a method to enforce any p norm on the noise prior where 0 < p ≤ 2. This is achieved by using Majorization–Minimization algorithm, which upper bounds the cost function with a convex function, thus can be easily minimized. The proposed SpiNet has the capability to work for a fixed p or it can learn p based on the data. The network was tested for solving the inverse problem of reconstructing magnetic resonance (MR) images from undersampled k space data and the results were compared with a popular model‐based deep learning architecture MoDL which enforces L2 norm along with other compressive sensing‐based algorithms. This comparison between MoDL and proposed SpiNet was performed for undersampling rates (R) of 2×, 4×, 6×, 8×, 12×, 16×, and 20×. Multiple figures of merit such as PSNR, SSIM, and NRMSE were utilized in this comparison. A two‐tailed t test was performed for all undersampling rates and for all metrices for proving the superior performance of proposed SpiNet compared to MoDL. For training and testing, the same dataset that was utilized in MoDL implementation was deployed.ResultsThe results indicate that for all undersampling rates, the proposed SpiNet shows higher PSNR and SSIM and lower NRMSE than MoDL. However, for low undersampling rates of 2× and 4×, there is no significant difference in performance of proposed SpiNet and MoDL in terms of PSNR and NRMSE. This can be expected as the learnt p value is close to 2 (norm enforced by MoDL). For higher undersampling rates ≥6×, SpiNet significantly outperforms MoDL in all metrices with improvement as high as 4 dB in PSNR and 0.5 points in SSIM.ConclusionAs deep learning based medical image reconstruction methods are gaining popularity, the proposed SpiNet provides a generic framework to incorporate Schatten p‐norm regularization with 0 <p ≤ 2 with an added advantage of providing superior performance compared to its counterparts. The proposed SpiNet also has useful addition of Schatten p‐norm value in regularization term being automatically chosen based on the available training data.
Retention of Passive Integrated Transponder Tags in a Small-Bodied Catfish
Authors: D’Amico Timothy W. , Winkelman Dana L. , Swarr Tyler R. , Myrick Christopher A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Members of the freshwater catfishes (order Siluriformes) are capable of transintestinal expulsion of foreign bodies, including internally implanted tags, which can bias movement and survival estimates. We evaluated long-term (120-week) retention rates of passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags in a laboratory setting to assess potential tag loss in Stonecat Noturus flavus. The PIT tags were surgically implanted into the peritoneal cavity of fish (n = 157) ranging from 71 to 213 mm TL. We demonstrated that Stonecats can successfully be tagged with 12- and 23-mm PIT tags with low levels of mortality (5.0%) and tag loss (9.6%). Based on individual encounter histories and covariates, we further evaluated our data set in a multistate framework using program MARK. Based on our findings, tag age has a negative effect on tag loss; if Stonecats lose tags, it is relatively soon after tagging. Additionally, Stonecat TL has a negative effect on tag loss, with tag loss decreasing with increasing fish TL.
On the shift‐invert Lanczos method for the buckling eigenvalue problem
Authors: Lin Chao‐Ping , Xie Huiqing , Grimes Roger , Bai Zhaojun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe consider the problem of extracting a few desired eigenpairs of the buckling eigenvalue problem , where K is symmetric positive semi‐definite, KG is symmetric indefinite, and the pencil is singular, namely, K and KG share a nontrivial common nullspace. Moreover, in practical buckling analysis of structures, bases for the nullspace of K and the common nullspace of K and KG are available. There are two open issues for developing an industrial strength shift‐invert Lanczos method: (1) the shift‐invert operator does not exist or is extremely ill‐conditioned, and (2) the use of the semi‐inner product induced by K drives the Lanczos vectors rapidly toward the nullspace of K, which leads to a rapid growth of the Lanczos vectors in norms and causes permanent loss of information and the failure of the method. In this paper, we address these two issues by proposing a generalized buckling spectral transformation of the singular pencil and a regularization of the inner product via a low‐rank updating of the semi‐positive definiteness of K. The efficacy of our approach is demonstrated by numerical examples, including one from industrial buckling analysis.
Caregiver–Oncologist Prognostic Concordance, Caregiver Mastery, and Caregiver Psychological Health and Quality of Life
Authors: Loh Kah Poh , Mohamed Mostafa R. , Kadambi Sindhuja , Culakova Eva , Xu Huiwen , Magnuson Allison , Flannery Marie , Duberstein Paul R. , Epstein Ronald M. , McHugh Colin , Nipp Ryan D. , Trevino Kelly M. , Sanapala Chandrika , Hall Bianca A. , Canin Beverly , Gayle Arlene A. , Conlin Alison , Bearden James , Mohile Supriya G. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundCaregivers of adults with cancer often report a different understanding of the patient's prognosis than the oncologist. We examine the associations of caregiver–oncologist prognostic concordance with caregiver depressive symptoms, distress, and quality of life (QoL). We also explore whether these relationships differed by caregiver environment mastery, an individual's sense of control, and effectiveness in managing life situations.Materials and MethodsWe used data from a national geriatric assessment cluster-randomized trial (URCC 13070) that recruited patients aged 70 years and older with incurable cancer considering any line of cancer treatment at community oncology practices, their caregivers, and their oncologists. At enrollment, caregivers and oncologists estimated the patient's prognosis (0–6 months, 7–12 months, 1–2 years, 2–5 years, and &gt;5 years; identical responses were concordant). Caregivers completed the Ryff's environmental mastery at enrollment. At 4–6 weeks, caregivers completed the Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (depressive symptoms), distress thermometer, and 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey (quality of life [QoL]). We used generalized estimating equations in models adjusted for covariates. We then assessed the moderation effect of caregiver mastery.ResultsOf 411 caregiver–oncologist dyads (mean age = 66.5 years), 369 provided responses and 28% were concordant. Prognostic concordance was associated with greater caregiver depressive symptoms (β = 0.30; p = .04) but not distress or QoL. A significant moderation effect for caregiver depressive symptoms was found between concordance and mastery (p = .01). Specifically, among caregivers with low mastery (below median), concordance was associated with greater depressive symptoms (β = 0.68; p = .003).ConclusionsCaregiver–oncologist prognostic concordance was associated with caregiver depressive symptoms. We found a novel moderating effect of caregiver mastery on the relationship between concordance and caregiver depressive symptoms.Implications for PracticeCaregiver–oncologist prognostic concordance is associated with greater caregiver depressive symptoms, particularly in those with low caregiver mastery. When discussing prognosis with caregivers, physicians should be aware that prognostic understanding may affect caregiver psychological health and should assess their depressive symptoms. In addition, while promoting accurate prognostic understanding, physicians should also identify strengths and build resilience among caregivers.