bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pelvic capacity in pregnant women, identified using magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Kjeldsen Louise L. , Blankholm Anne Dorte , Jurik Anne Grethe , Salvig Jannie D. , Maimburg Rikke D. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionMaternal pelvic capacity plays a major role during childbirth because the passage of the fetus through the bony birth canal enables vaginal birth. Maternal birthing position may influence pelvic capacity because upright positions optimize capacity, possibly due to free movement of the pelvic joints. Herein, pelvic capacity was assessed by comparing changes in pelvic dimensions across pregnancy and in three birthing positions.Material and methodsThis diagnostic imaging study of 50 pregnant women was conducted at Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark. Pelvic measurements were obtained with 1.5 T magnetic resonance pelvimetry during gestational weeks 20 and 32, in three birthing positions: kneeling squat, semi‐lithotomy and supine. Pelvic capacity was compared between gestational weeks and positions.ResultsIn all three positions there is an overall increase in pelvic capacity from gestational week 20–32 at both the pelvic inlet and outlet. Comparing pelvic capacity at gestational week 32 between the semi‐lithotomy and supine positions revealed that the pelvic inlet was larger in the supine position, whereas the mean pelvic outlet was 0.2 cm (p < 0.001) larger in the semi‐lithotomy position. Likewise, the pelvic inlet was larger in the supine than in the kneeling squat position. Shifting from supine to kneeling squat position increased the midplane and pelvic outlet dimensions by up to 1 cm (p < 0.001).ConclusionsThe finding herein of an increased pelvic capacity as the pregnancy progresses is novel. Further, the results indicate that the supine position is optimal for increasing pelvic inlet size, whereas the semi‐lithotomy and kneeling squat positions are optimal for increasing mid‐ and outlet‐pelvic capacities.
Geochemical provenance studies of basalt vessel preforms from the Iron Age workshop at Tel Hazor, Israel, and potential geological sources
Authors: Gluhak Tatjana M. , Ebeling Jennie , Rosenberg Danny 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe discovery of an Iron Age basalt vessel workshop at Tel Hazor revealed numerous discarded preforms in different production stages. Provenance analyses allow us to reconstruct the vessels' journey from the mining of raw material off site to production in the workshop. To determine the extraction sites, the geochemical compositions of the artifacts were compared to an extensive set of geochemical data on basaltic rocks in Israel. Combined with petrographic features and insights from field surveys on the relevant locations, the results show that the raw material was extracted most probably from two different locations, each several kilometres distant from Tel Hazor.
A phase II trial of continuous ixazomib, thalidomide and dexamethasone for relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma: the Australasian Myeloma Research Consortium (AMaRC) 16‐02 trial
Authors: Bergin Krystal , Yuen Flora , Wallington‐Beddoe Craig , Kalff Anna , Sirdesai Shreerang , Reynolds John , Spencer Andrew 
Published: May 2021

SummaryWe evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of continuous ixazomib‐thalidomide‐dexamethasone (ITd: 4 mg, day 1, 8, 15; 100 mg daily; and 40 mg weekly). A total of 39 patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) aged ≥18 years with one to three prior lines of therapy were enrolled from two tertiary centres in Victoria and South Australia, Australia. The overall response rate (ORR) was 56·4% with a clinical benefit rate of 71·8%. The median progression‐free survival was 13·8 months [95% confidence interval (CI) 8·2–22·2] and median overall survival was not reached. The median time to best response and duration of response was 3·7 months (95% CI 2·8–10·5) and 18·4 months (95% CI 10·2–31·0) respectively. Prior immunomodulatory drug (IMID) exposure was associated with a lower ORR (40% vs. 73·7%, P = 0·03). Survival outcomes in patients with prior proteasome inhibitor (PI) and/or IMID exposure were similar. Patients received a median (range) of 11 (1–31) cycles of therapy and six patients (15%) remained on therapy at the time of final analysis. Grade 3/4 haematological and non‐haematological adverse events were reported in 7·7% and 20·6% of patients respectively. ITd dose reductions were required in 15·4%, 48·7% and 35·9% of patients respectively. The present study demonstrates promising effectiveness and tolerability of ITd as an affordable all‐oral PI‐IMID approach for RRMM.
The IDENTIFY study: the investigation and detection of urological neoplasia in patients referred with suspected urinary tract cancer – a multicentre observational study
Authors: Khadhouri Sinan , Gallagher Kevin M. , MacKenzie Kenneth R. , Shah Taimur T. , Gao Chuanyu , Moore Sacha , Zimmermann Eleanor F. , Edison Eric , Jefferies Matthew , Nambiar Arjun , Mannas Miles P. , Lee Taeweon , Marra Giancarlo , Lillaz Beatrice , Gómez Rivas Juan , Olivier Jonathan , Assmus Mark A. , Uçar Taha , Claps Francesco , Boltri Matteo , Burnhope Tara , Nkwam Nkwam , Tanasescu George , Boxall Nicholas E. , Downey Alison P. , Lal Asim A , Antón‐Juanilla Marta , Clarke Holly , Lau David H. W. , Gillams Kathryn , Crockett Matthew , Nielsen Matthew , Takwoingi Yemisi , Chuchu Naomi , O’Rourke John , MacLennan Graeme , McGrath John S. , Kasivisvanathan Veeru ,   IDENTIFY Study group
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveTo evaluate the contemporary prevalence of urinary tract cancer (bladder cancer, upper tract urothelial cancer [UTUC] and renal cancer) in patients referred to secondary care with haematuria, adjusted for established patient risk markers and geographical variation.Patients and MethodsThis was an international multicentre prospective observational study. We included patients aged ≥16 years, referred to secondary care with suspected urinary tract cancer. Patients with a known or previous urological malignancy were excluded. We estimated the prevalence of bladder cancer, UTUC, renal cancer and prostate cancer; stratified by age, type of haematuria, sex, and smoking. We used a multivariable mixed‐effects logistic regression to adjust cancer prevalence for age, type of haematuria, sex, smoking, hospitals, and countries.ResultsOf the 11 059 patients assessed for eligibility, 10 896 were included from 110 hospitals across 26 countries. The overall adjusted cancer prevalence (n = 2257) was 28.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 22.3–34.1), bladder cancer (n = 1951) 24.7% (95% CI 19.1–30.2), UTUC (n = 128) 1.14% (95% CI 0.77–1.52), renal cancer (n = 107) 1.05% (95% CI 0.80–1.29), and prostate cancer (n = 124) 1.75% (95% CI 1.32–2.18). The odds ratios for patient risk markers in the model for all cancers were: age 1.04 (95% CI 1.03–1.05; P < 0.001), visible haematuria 3.47 (95% CI 2.90–4.15; P < 0.001), male sex 1.30 (95% CI 1.14–1.50; P < 0.001), and smoking 2.70 (95% CI 2.30–3.18; P < 0.001).ConclusionsA better understanding of cancer prevalence across an international population is required to inform clinical guidelines. We are the first to report urinary tract cancer prevalence across an international population in patients referred to secondary care, adjusted for patient risk markers and geographical variation. Bladder cancer was the most prevalent disease. Visible haematuria was the strongest predictor for urinary tract cancer.
cGMP and mitochondrial K+ channels—Compartmentalized but closely connected in cardioprotection
Authors: Lukowski Robert , Cruz Santos Melanie , Kuret Anna , Ruth Peter 
Published: May 2021

The 3′,5′‐cGMP pathway triggers cytoprotective responses and improves cardiomyocyte survival during myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury. These beneficial effects were attributed to NO‐sensitive GC induced cGMP production leading to activation of cGMP‐dependent protein kinase I (cGKI). cGKI in turn phosphorylates many substrates, which eventually facilitate opening of mitochondrial ATP‐sensitive potassium channels (mitoKATP) and Ca2+‐activated potassium channels of the BK type (mitoBK). Accordingly, agents activating mitoKATP or mitoBK provide protection against I/R‐induced damages. Here, we provide an up‐to‐date summary of the infarct‐limiting actions exhibited by the GC/cGMP axis and discuss how mitoKATP and mitoBK, which are present at the inner mitochondrial membrane, confer mito‐ and cytoprotective effects on cardiomyocytes exposed to I/R injury. In view of this, we believe that the functional connection between the cGMP cascade and mitoK+ channels should be exploited further as adjunct to reperfusion therapy in myocardial infarction.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed issue on cGMP Signalling in Cell Growth and Survival. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v179.11/issuetoc
Histamine H3 receptor and cholinesterases as synergistic targets for cognitive decline: Strategies to the rational design of multitarget ligands
Authors: Lopes Flávia B. , Aranha Cecília M. S. Q. , Fernandes João Paulo S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe role of histamine and acetylcholine in cognitive functions suggests that compounds able to increase both histaminergic and cholinergic neurotransmissions in the brain should be considered as promising therapeutic options. For this purpose, dual inhibitors of histamine H3 receptors (H3R) and cholinesterases (ChEs) have been designed and assessed. In this context, this paper reviews the strategies used to obtain dual H3R/ChEs ligands using multitarget design approaches. Hybrid compounds designed by linking tacrine or flavonoid motifs to H3R antagonists were obtained with high affinity for both targets, and compounds designed by merging the H3R antagonist pharmacophore with known anticholinesterase molecules were also reported. These reports strongly suggest that key modifications in the lipophilic region (including a second basic group) seem to be a strategy to reach novel compounds, allied with longer linker groups to a basic region. Some compounds have already demonstrated efficacy in memory models, although the pharmacokinetic and toxicity profile should be considered when designing further compounds. In conclusion, the key features to be considered when designing novel H3R/ChEs inhibitors with improved pharmacological profile were herein summarized.
Anti-CD47 antibody synergizes with cisplatin against laryngeal cancer by enhancing phagocytic ability of macrophages
Authors: Wang Jingmiao , Zhang Haizhong , Yin Xiaoyan , Bian Yanrui 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Cisplatin is mainly used in late-stage or recurrent laryngeal cancer patients. However, the effect of the chemotherapy is limited due to cisplatin resistance. Therefore, we explored the synergized role of immunosuppressive mediator with cisplatin in laryngeal cancer. Cancer cells isolated from tissues of patients with laryngeal cancer were treated with cisplatin to screen the potential immunosuppressive mediator, whose synergized effects with cisplatin were explored both in vivo and in vitro. CD47 was selected for its high expression in cisplatin-treated laryngeal cancer cells. Blocking CD47 expression using its neutralizing antibody (aCD47) synergized with cisplatin to increase macrophage phagocytosis in a co-culture system of human epithelial type 2 (Hep-2) cancer cells with tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Moreover, aCD47 together with cisplatin prevented tumor growth by inhibiting proliferation of cancer cells and the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, as well as by inducing the apoptosis of cancer cells and phagocytosis of TAMs in a Hep-2-implanted mouse tumor model. aCD47 synergized with cisplatin against laryngeal cancer by enhancing the phagocytic ability of TAMs, and the combined therapy of cisplatin and aCD47 might serve as a novel therapeutic strategy against laryngeal cancer.
A novel mast cell-dependent allergic peritonitis model
Authors: Pahima Hadas , Puzzovio Pier Giorgio , Levi-Schaffer Francesca 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Typical murine models of allergic inflammation are induced by the combination of ovalbumin and aluminum hydroxide. However, accumulating evidence indicates that, in models of asthma and atopic dermatitis, allergic inflammation can be generated in the absence of aluminum hydroxide. Moreover, co-administration of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B with ovalbumin can enhance inflammation. The objective of this study was to establish a rapid and mast cell-dependent murine model of allergic inflammation by inducing allergic peritonitis using ovalbumin and S. aureus enterotoxin B. Allergic peritonitis was induced in C57BL/6 mice by subcutaneous sensitization and intraperitoneal challenge with ovalbumin and S. aureus enterotoxin B. Disease characteristics were assessed by flow cytometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), trypan blue exclusion and colorimetric assays. The time–course of the allergic peritonitis revealed a peak of peritoneal inflammation 48 h after challenge, as assessed by total cells and eosinophil counts. The decrease of cell numbers started 96 h post-challenge, with complete clearance within 168 h. Moreover, significantly higher levels of tryptase and increased vascular permeability were found 30 min following challenge. Allergic inflammation induction by ovalbumin and S. aureus enterotoxin B was impaired in mast cell-deficient mice and partially restored by mice reconstitution with bone marrow-derived mast cells, indicating the mast cell role in this model. We present a novel model of allergic peritonitis that is mast cell-dependent, simple and robust. Moreover, the use of S. aureus enterotoxin B better resembles human allergic inflammation, which is known to be characterized by the colonization of S. aureus.
Presentation, management and outcomes of ileoanal pouch cancer: a single‐centre experience
Authors: Patel Roshani , Reza Lillian , Worley Guy Henry Thomas , Allison Lisa , Evans Samantha , Antoniou Anthony , Jenkins John T. , Faiz Omar D. , Corr Alison , Clark Sue K. , von Roon Alexander , Latchford Andrew 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimThis study aimed to determine the clinical presentation, management and outcomes for patients with ileoanal pouch cancer.MethodPatients who were diagnosed with ileoanal pouch cancer were identified from our polyposis registry (1978–2019) and operative and referral records (2006–2019). Details of presentation, endoscopic surveillance, cancer staging and management were retrieved from hospital records.ResultsEighteen patients were identified (12 with ulcerative colitis, one with Crohn's disease, three with familial adenomatous polyposis [FAP], two with dual diagnosis of FAP and inflammatory bowel disease). The median time from pouch formation to cancer diagnosis was 16.5 years (range 5–34 years) and the median age of the patient at pouch cancer diagnosis was 54 years (range 35–71 years). Eleven of the 18 patients were undergoing surveillance. Four of five FAP patients developed pouch cancer whilst on surveillance. Eight patients were asymptomatic at the time of pouch cancer diagnosis. Two patients had complete clinical response following chemoradiotherapy. Fourteen patients underwent pouch excision surgery (eight with exenteration). Median survival was 54 months; however, only eight patients had outcomes available beyond 24 months follow‐up.ConclusionsPouch cancer can occur in patients despite routine surveillance and without symptoms, and survival is poor. Centralization of ‘high‐risk’ patients who require surveillance is recommended and a low threshold for referral to centres that can provide expert investigation and management is advised.
Performance of the faecal immunochemical test for the detection of colorectal neoplasms and the role of proton pump inhibitors in their diagnostic accuracy
Authors: Chandrapalan Subashini , Hee Siew Wan , Widlak Monika M. , Farrugia Alexia , Alam Mohammed T. , Smith Steve , Arasaradnam Ramesh P. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimThe faecal immunochemical test (FIT) is currently utilized in both symptomatic and screening populations, but little is known about factors that affect its performance. For example, proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy has been purported to increase false negative rates. This has significant implications given the extent of PPI prescriptions. The aim of this work was to evaluate the performance of the FIT for the detection of colorectal neoplasms and the impact of PPI therapy on its diagnostic accuracy.MethodSymptomatic patients referred on the suspected cancer pathway and those on polyp surveillance between 2015 and 2019 were approached to participate. Estimates of the accuracy of FIT at different cut‐off levels in diagnosing colorectal neoplasms were made. Logistic regression was used to assess the effect of PPIs on the FIT results.ResultsA total of 667 participants were eligible for the final analysis. At a cut‐off of 10 μg/g faeces, the overall sensitivity and specificity of FIT for the detection of colorectal cancer (CRC) was 0.85 (95% CI 0.71–0.94) and 0.81 (95% CI 0.78–0.84), respectively. For the detection of advanced neoplasia, the sensitivity was 0.70 (95% CI 0.58–0.79) and the specificity was 0.83 (95% CI 0.80–0.86). At higher thresholds, the sensitivity steadily declined whilst specificity increased. PPI therapy did not have a significant effect on performance of the FIT.ConclusionFIT is a good rule‐out test for the detection of CRC and advanced neoplasia at lower thresholds. PPI therapy does not appear to have an effect on its diagnostic performance.
Text segmentation for patent claim simplification via Bidirectional Long‐Short Term Memory and Conditional Random Field
Authors: Geng Boting 
Published: May 2021

AbstractText simplification is a vital work for comprehending patent claims due to its complex syntactic structures and lengthy sentences. Therefore, almost all patent analysis practitioners cannot be able to directly and intuitively understand patent essence even through some common natural language processing (NLP) tools are applied to parse these patent claim paragraph or sentences. Universal text analysis tools above is almost useless, or even crashed when applied to some complex paragraphs of patent claims. Therefore, it is necessary to propose a patent text oriented simplification approach to help patent researchers grasp the essence of patent quickly and intuitively. Motivated by the above reason, we in this article propose a simplification method based on deep learning to segment patent claim into shorter and comprehensible sentences for downstream tasks of patent analysis. The proposed approach contains two stages: on one stage, we use a machine learning approach of conditional random field (CRF) to decompose syntactically complex paragraphs into coarse‐grained level sentences with simplified structures and complete semantics; on another stage, a deep Learning architecture of bidirectional long‐short term memory (Bi‐LSTM)‐CRF is applied to segment coarse‐grained and lengthy sentences of former stage into fined‐grained and shorter sentences. Compared with a series of baselines, our patent segmentation architecture based on deep learning of Bi‐LSTM‐CRF achieves higher performance than any other methods on the evaluation measures of precision, recall, and F1.
Ductus arteriosus aneurysm with left pulmonary artery obstruction
Authors: Takajo Daiji , Kobayashi Daisuke 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe echogenic mass in the pulmonary artery is a rare finding in newborns. Differential diagnoses include pulmonary artery thrombosis, ductal aneurysm, and malignant tumor. We report a newborn case who presented with mild desaturation and was found to have a large echogenic mass at the pulmonary bifurcation on echocardiography, which caused partial flow obstruction in the proximal left pulmonary artery. Along with the findings of cardiac computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, the diagnosis of ductus arteriosus aneurysm (DAA) was made. This DAA spontaneously regressed without any intervention at 4 months follow‐up.
Is there any relationship between biomarkers and echocardiographic markers in patients with pulmonary stenosis underwent balloon valvuloplasty?
Authors: El Tahlawi Mohammad , Morsy Mohammad , Elawady Mohammad , Abdelaziz Mahmoud , Eldamanhory Ahmed 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundCongenital pulmonary stenosis (PS) is a progressive disease. Balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty (BPV) is the treatment of choice in valvular PS.AimWe aim to study the relationship between biomarkers and echocardiographic markers in valvular PS and to assess the impact of BPV on these markers.Patients and MethodsPatients with moderate and severe valvular PS amenable for BPV were recruited. Serum troponin I was measured. Echocardiographic assessment of PS and right ventricular (RV) function was done. All patients underwent BPV. Troponin level and echocardiographic data were re‐assessed 2 weeks and 6 months after BPV.ResultsFifty patients with valvular PS were recruited. There was significant correlation between peak SPG and troponin (P < .001). Troponin was significantly decreased 2 weeks after BPV. Similarly, there was an initial improvement in RV function. After 6 months of follow‐up, we divided patients into two groups: Group A: 36 patients with no restenosis. Group B: 14 patients with restenosis. There were high significant differences between both groups regarding troponin level and RV functions with re‐elevated troponin in Group B that correlated with peak PG (r = .9, P < .001). RV function parameters in Group B became significantly worse 6 months after BPV than those after the initial 2 weeks.ConclusionTroponin correlates with the severity of PS and associates with RV dysfunction. Both troponin and RV functions improved with BPV. Recurrent elevation of troponin and impairment of RV function is associated with PV restenosis and could be set as an indication for repeated balloon dilatation of PV.
The real problem of pure reason
Authors: Pendlebury T. A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe problem of Kant's first Critique is the problem of pure reason: how are synthetic judgments possible a priori? Many of his readers have believed that the problem depends upon a delimitation within the class of a priori truths of a class of irreducibly synthetic truths—a delimitation whose possibility is doubtful—because absent this it is not excluded that all a priori truths are analytic. I argue, on the contrary, that the problem depends on nothing more than the human knower's everyday consciousness of her own finitude: her dependence in thinking and knowing on what is given to her. The problem is a difficulty about how the concepts which figure in metaphysical judgments could represent reality given that they cannot do so in the way in which concepts figuring in empirical judgments do. Empirical judgment here functions as exemplary of thought and knowledge because it is exemplary of finite thought and knowledge. Mere analysis could not, therefore, dissolve the problem even in principle, because to say that a concept can be analyzed is not yet to explain the possibility of its real representative power. The significance of the analytic‐synthetic distinction in the context of the problem of pure reason is that its formulation allows Kant to say this.