bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The phenomenon of urban fringe settlements in the south-north region of Malang City
Authors: Purnamasari W D , Anfansyah R 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The City of Malang grows annually along with the implementation of its spatial policy. One of the policies that stimulates movement into the city is the development of land for settlements. Limited land and high demands have led to the expansion of settlements towards the urban fringe of Malang City, especially for the south-north region. The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics of settlements in the north-south regions of Malang City. The variables studied consisted of patterns and types of settlement, land use and land cover, land prices, housing density, and the population. The five aspects of the settlement were studied using the descriptive statistical analysis methods and spatial mapping. The results of descriptive statistical analysis show that there are different characteristics of settlements in the north-south regions of Malang City. The difference can be seen in the four aspects, such as land use and land cover, land prices, housing density, and population. Meanwhile, based on the results of spatial mapping analysis, the different characteristics occurs due to the availability of road access and proximity to city-regional-scale facilities.
The application of MFA for rural industrial symbiosis assessment
Authors: Agustina D , Wicaksono A D , Meidiana C 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
One of proposed strategies to solve current environmental challenges includes the industrial symbiosis. However, proper evaluation methods are required to measure the potential benefits of industrial symbiosis, one of those includes the material flow analysis (MFA). MFA develops a unified database and a Step-by-Step process starting from the input, process, and output process to clarify the distribution of waste and the recycling process in the aluminum industry. The aluminum industry is regarded as an energy-intensive and high-pollution industry. The development of industrial symbiosis in the aluminum industry has significantly reduced environmental pressures and facilitated green development and green industry. Home industries that process aluminum slag raw materials require high energy thereby generating high waste during the production process. The applied method includes material flow analysis (MFA). The MFA results indicated that the production elements of the aluminum slag industry consist of 11 elements ranging from raw materials, fuel, clean water, human resources, capital, production processes, production equipment, housekeeping, products produced, waste to waste utilization. Approximately 44% of the industry sold waste to other industries, 42% of the waste was reprocessed, and 14% of the aluminum industry stockpiles production was in the form of waste in open spaces. The industrial symbiosis in the aluminum industry was an open cycle, indicating that the symbiosis produces waste, which had not been fully utilized; but in fact, the waste had potential as a source of raw materials, energy, and materials in other industrial processes.
Disaster risk reduction through the reform of spatial structure and land use planning in Banda Aceh City
Authors: Tiar P P , Fiza  , Ricki G , Pradizzia T I 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Reform of spatial structure and land use planning aims to reduce disaster risk and protect development outcomes. Ignoring spatial reform will increase the risk of more significant damage. A resilient city has the essential character to survive and to bounce back in no time. This decade, the development of global countries has focused on investing in resilience to protect development outcomes, including livelihoods. This study aims to determine the index of tsunami risk, vulnerability, and capacity and the proposed concept of spatial planning reform in the city of Banda Aceh. The research uses explanatory methods with geographic information systems and literature studies. The formula for calculating the vulnerability index was derived from Perka BNPB No. 2 of 2012. The high level of land use changing into settlements in coastal areas since the rehabilitation and reconstruction period until now, accompanied by a higher level of vulnerability (v), tsunami hazard (h), and low capacity (c) to reduce vulnerability exposure, indicates that it is necessary to reform the spatial plan of Banda Aceh City for mainstreaming the resilience infrastructure. Through investing in resilience infrastructure, the city’s capacity will increase and reduce the risk (r), and finally, the protection of development and citizens can be realized.
Reduced finite-volume model for the fast numerical calculation of the fluid flow in the melt pool in laser beam welding
Authors: Wagner Jonas , Berger Peter , He Philipp , Fetzer Florian , Weber Rudolf , Graf Thomas 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this paper we propose a reduced two-dimensional finite-volume model for the fast calculation of the melt flow. This model was used to determine the influence of the welding speed, viscosity in the melt and vapour flow inside of the keyhole on the fluid flow field, the temperature distribution, and the resulting weld-pool geometry for laser beam welding of aluminium. The reduced computational time resulting from this approach allows the fast qualitative investigation of different aspects of the melt flow over a wide range of parameters. It was found that the effect of viscosity within the melt is more pronounced for lower welding speeds whereas the effect of friction at the keyhole walls is more pronounced for higher welding speeds. The weld-pool geometry mainly depends on the welding speed.
Surface roughness variance on different levels of surface inclination of powder bed fused tool steel 1.2709
Authors: Karlsson Jussi , Piiroinen Aki , Korpela Markus , Salminen Antti 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Evolution of additive manufacturing has allowed increased flexibility and complexity of designs over conventional manufacturing e.g. formative and subtractive manufacturing. Restricting factor of laser powder bed fusion of metals (PBF-LB/M) additive manufacturing is the as-built surface quality. To promote an understanding of the surface roughness and suitable surface measuring technologies octagon shaped tool steel 1.2709 samples was developed and manufactured. Different surface measuring technologies was also literary reviewed. Studied samples were manufactured with commercially available laser-based powder bed fusion system using standard parameter set provided by the system manufacturer. Surface roughness was measured from top and down skins from multiple different building angles in a way that process specific effects, such as direction of movement of the powder re-coater, was considered. Based on these measuring results of the samples the effect surface inclination are discussed. The results show that building angle strongly affects to surface roughness of laser-based powder bed fused parts. Surface roughness was measured to be more than five times worse in unsupported angle manufactured down facing surfaces when compared with vertical walls.
Influence of laser hardening on laser induced periodic surface structures on steel substrates
Authors: Rathmann Lewin , Radel Tim 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) are used to structure surfaces for functionalization. Thus, hydrophilic states are generated using LIPSS. However, these nanostructures do not withstand mechanical loads and therefore cannot be used for most tribological applications. Within this work the approach of laser hardening of LIPSS is investigated. It is shown that laser hardening leads to an alteration of prior structured surfaces. That effects the wetting behaviour. The higher the laser power during hardening, the more increases the contact angle of a single droplet on the surface and the more the surface lacks in terms of wetting behaviour. This phenomenon is attributed to changes in LIPSS’ aspect ratio. A high ratio leads to low contact angles and is shifted to low values when the laser power increases resulting in high contact angles. Hence, it is concluded that the thermal load during laser hardening, and it’s influence on the wettability must be taken into account when LIPSS are subjected to laser hardening.
An Approach to Predict the Residual Stress-Depth-Profile of Thin Sheet Metal Processed by Laser Shock Peening Without Coating
Authors: Valentino Tobias , Stephen Andreas , Radel Tim 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
For conventional laser shock peening, the positive influence of compressive residual stresses on fatigue strength is well understood. To protect the material’s surface from ablation, a sacrificial layer is applied. This, however, leads to an additional process step, which deteriorates its economic efficiency. Thus, laser shock peening without coating (LPwC) is more frequently investigated for industrial applications. However, LPwC increases the thermal impact on the material, which may provoke tensile residual stresses in the surface region. In this regard, understanding the influence of LPwC on the residual stress state and deriving a suitable state, e.g., for subsequent applications or forming operations, result in a design of experiment with numerous residual stress measurements. Residual stress-depth-profiles obtained by X-ray diffraction are time-consuming and cost intensive. Hence, a model is proposed to predict the residual stress-depth-profile of LPwC-processed thin sheets. The analytical model is based on the source stress model and uses experimental results, namely hardness as well as shape change measurements. Sheets made of X5CrNi18-10 and with a thickness of 1 mm are LPwC-processed with a nanosecond fiber laser. In the thermally dominated area where tensile residual stresses are present, the model agrees well with the experimental measurements. Moreover, it is revealed that LPwC leads to a saturation of residual stress level maximum and depth in dependence of pulse energy, repetition rate and number of repetitions. Subsequently, the model is used for tailoring the stress profile of thin sheets by LPwC for subsequent bottom bending.
Architectural and aesthetic aspects of workspace at home – a new design challenge in the age of pandemic
Authors: Uherek-Bradecka Barbara 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The article deals with the issues of spatial changes taking place in the office work environment during a pandemic. It also raises issues related to the space intended for work at home or in an apartment. At present, the traditional model of office work is undergoing significant transformations. These transformations include, in particular, the spatial aspect. Large office spaces, especially those of the open-plan type, do not work well during a pandemic, as it is difficult to keep an appropriate social distance in them. Therefore, we spend less and less working time, whether for safety reasons or the sanitary and epidemiological regime, for work in the office. This phenomenon is particularly visible in city centers, where many large office buildings have become deserted. We spend more and more time working remotely (home-office). Therefore, it is necessary to adapt the space of our houses and apartments to the conditions in which we live and work today. The very concept of remote work or work from home is not new, many companies have already introduced it before, but most often for a limited time, which in principle could take place without major changes in private apartments. However, the pandemic has forced office workers to work remotely full-time, and thus to organize a workplace in their own home. This is often associated with the need to introduce additional furniture, equipment or lighting to a private interior. The problem of many people working remotely is the lack of an additional room that can be used as a study or office. Then we are looking for a place for our home office in rooms that have so far performed other functions (most often a bedroom or a living room), trying to introduce a place to work with them as possible. The issue of acoustics is also of great importance here, especially when there are more people working or learning remotely in the house or apartment. Moreover, many, especially young office (corporate) employees, own one-room apartments in the studio type, in which it is not possible to separate such a room. Then we have to add an additional office space to the space that already serves several functions (living room and bedroom). The author is a researcher and designer of this type of space, and the cases presented in the article show the changes taking place in spaces previously perceived as typically private.
Indicative Assessment of Classroom Acoustics in Schools Built in Reinforced Concrete Technology on The Example of a School Building in Zabrze
Authors: Olechowska Marcelina , Nowoświat Artur , Marchacz Michał , Kupczyńska Karolina 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In view of room acoustics in schools, not only noise level is extremely important, but also the reverberation conditions in a given room. Such conditions affect the intelligibility of speech, which determines the acquisition level of knowledge conveyed by the teacher. The article presents problems of school classroom acoustics for a building made in reinforced concrete technology on the example of a school building in Zabrze. For the research, we selected one of schools established in 1970s as a memorial of the Millennium Jubilee of the Republic of Poland. The obtained results of the reverberation time indicate poor acoustic conditions, which, regrettably, is quite common in Polish schools. For low frequencies, the reverberation time of a classroom for teaching mathematics was over 2 seconds, and for medium frequencies it was almost 2 seconds. The article presents the acoustics of the studied classrooms without proposals of acoustic adaptation.
Historical River Training Works on the Lower Elbe
Authors: Fošumpaur Pavel , Horský Martin , Kašpar Tomáš 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The paper deals with river training works built on the reach of the Elbe River between the city of Ústí nad Labem (CZ) and the Czech/German border. Downstream of the Ústí nad Labem, the Elbe in the Czech Republic and in Germany has only been made navigable through river training measures without building weirs. The goal of river training for watercourse navigability is to attain the required waterway parameters through fairway adjustments. This is primarily achieved through channel dredging and the construction of training dams to concentrate the water flow into a narrower but deeper main channel. The paper describes the historical development of river training works during the period from the Middle Ages to the present day. Initially, such works were not meant as part of a unified conceptually designed system of measures. Instead, they were local initiatives aimed to remove natural obstacles from the river bed and to build facilities and structures to aid navigation. Systematic regulation works along the Czech and German sections of the Elbe only started in the early 19th century. The research was focused on studying the original project documents and documentation of the actual design of the training dams since 1894. This historical design documentation was digitised and projected into the maps in the Czech JTSK local coordinate system through the use of advanced geographic information system (GIS) methods. The final atlas of river training works on the Elbe-Vltava Waterway (EVW) along the lower Elbe in the Czech Republic is the first of its kind, utilising geographic information systems to document the locations of technical structures built since the early 19th century in the Elbe River bed in order to make the river navigable and maintain its navigability. The collection of maps also documents the development of the river training works in time based on map data obtained from digitised design documentation from the 19th and 20th centuries, historical aerial photographs dated 1930–1946 and 1950–1964, and present-day maps and orthophotomaps of the Elbe section in question. The atlas of the Elbe-Vltava Waterway river training works is publicly available via a web-based application. The maps are a result of original research and offer a synthesis of interactions between the existing technical structures, the sediment regime of the Elbe and sites that are subject to environmental protection. The research was conducted as part of project no. DG18P02OVV004 entitled “Documentation and presentation of technical cultural heritage along the Elbe-Vltava Waterway” within a support programme for applied research and experimental development of national and cultural identity, funded by the Ministry of Culture of the Czech Republic.
Skewing of crane during acceleration
Authors: Musílek Josef 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
During the work of crane and during its driving on the crane track, the so-called skewing of the crane arises. The physical phenomenon of crane skewing has been interpreted in various ways in the past. This corresponded to various physical models of skewing, which were created by various authors and which were presented in the standards for the design of crane structures and tracks. Current standards define the skewing as the so-called oblique running of the crane along the track with uniform movement. This is a situation where the force on the front guide means returns the obliqued crane when driving to the straight position. Theoretical formulas for the calculation of forces caused by skewing during oblique running crane were determined by Hannover. These relationships apply to movement of the crane with constant velocity along the crane track. The author of the article derived a model of a crane, which allows to investigate the movement of the crane along the crane track in general, it means both during uniform movement and during its acceleration or deceleration. It is a dynamic model that allows the solution of equations of motion to solve the coordinates corresponding to the degree of freedom and, among other things, to determine the forces between the crane and the crane track. This article presents the results obtained from this model for a specific selected crane during its acceleration. The contact of the front guide wheel is assumed, which is in accordance with the model derived by Hannover and which is also stated in the currently valid standards.
Industrial Zone Development by Warehouse and Production Hall Constructions
Authors: Kalisa Eric , Korytárová Jana 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The article focuses on the analysis of the development and use of industrial zones, which represent areas for the concentrated location of manufacturing sites specialised in a particular industry, strategic services, or technology centres. Both services and industry have an impact as the top engines of Gross Domestic Product and the labour force employment both in the Czech Republic and European Union. The area and the predominant category of economic activities are important parameters of each industrial zone. They place demands on the employees, transport, technical equipment, landscape, and settlement within the impact on the territory. The main goal of the research was the analysis of the industrial zone as a territory where warehouse and production hall projects are implemented. The analysis of warehouse and production hall construction investment was performed in Žďár nad Sázavou. The study of this project presents the project impact on the industrial area and the deviation between the project plan and the audited reality. The research sample consisted of 12 selected warehouse and production hall projects located in Central and Eastern Europe in various phases of their life cycle - the planning, implementation or operational phases. One of the partial outputs of the article is a SWOT analysis which deals with variables that affect project effectiveness both from the perspective of the investor and the public in the area where they are located. Implementation and operation of such projects significantly affect public life, so their potential socio-economic impact on the economic cash flow creation was examined.
Characterization of the dry stone heritage of the Barrocal region (Algarve, Portugal)
Authors: Balsells Cèlia Mallafrè , Gonçalves Marta Marçal , Jover Agustí Costa , Pla Sergio Coll 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The paper aims to value the diverse and important dry stone heritage located in the Barrocal area (Algarve, Portugal). The dry stone construction technique and the set of constructions that derive from its application are present in all parts of the world where stone is present. Throughout the Iberian Peninsula and specifically in the territory of Portugal, there are different dry stone constructions that make up the rural landscape. They are an example of the work in the field and the use of local natural resources during different generations. The recognition by UNESCO as Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity (2018) highlights the importance of maintaining a construction technique that, transmitted orally, is materialized in different constructions according to the constructive heritage and the stone typology of the nearby environment. The study focuses on a specific partially cultivated area of the Barrocal where different types of construction of dry stone elements exist. Starting from the contextualization of the studies carried out throughout Portugal, the predominant dry stone constructions of the Barrocal, the area with the greatest presence of a variety of types of the Algarve, are being identified, recorded and analysed. The work provides a classification of the present constructions in the area linked to their use and provides data on the construction characteristics and the typology of the stone. The knowledge of these constructions makes it possible to explain the economic and social context of a certain period and to plan reactivation measures for other economic sectors not linked to tourism. The Algarve, one of the most touristic areas of Portugal, has focused most of its economy on beach tourism, leaving the cultural and dry stone architectural heritage almost unnoticed.The constructions and the dry stone construction technique are a way of preserving the rural landscape and the cultural memory so that the benefits related to ecology and biodiversity are observed through this document.