bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Municipal Wastewater Irrigation Quality and its Impacts on Selected Soil Properties Around Harar City, Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Tolossa Tasisa Temesgen 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In many arid and semiarid countries, wastewater irrigation is becoming a common practice in agriculture. Commitment of government and social intervention for more effective waste management are the major constraints. The study was conducted in eastern Ethiopia to identify the impacts of municipal wastewater soil physicochemical properties and irrigation water quality. Soil samples were collected from different farm fields to determine the physical and chemical properties of soil, and heavy metal accumulation at different irrigation farms and wastewater samples were also analyzed. Manusipal wastewater taken from different study sites was categorized into three groups: control (nonirrigated), municipal wastewater irrigated farmland and municipal wastewater irrigated farmland. The results showed that bulk density was negatively decreased and moisture contents and total porosity were significantly increased. The soil EC, cadmium, lead available phosphorus, OM, and CEC levels significantly increased with increasing wastewater application. The concentrations of Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb and Cr are highwere higher in irrigated effluent than in nonirrigated effluent. Untreated and treated MWW were tested for heavy metal presence and accumulation. The soil OM increased as the content in the soil also increased as the number of irrigations increased. The most effective way to eliminate the impact of this municipal wastewater on the soil and water is to develop and implement an effective wastewater management plan. Limited studies have been done, and they should be encouraged to address municipal wastewater impacts on plants and farmers. The government should be focused on awareness of creation and management systems.
Prediction of binding of FDA approved drug Ledipasvir to SARS-CoV2 mutants: an in silico study
Authors: Chowdhary Sheemona , Kumar Deepak , Bhattacharyya Rajasri , Banerjee Dibyajyoti 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The surge of variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) is a global concern to public health as the mutations in the genome may alter the virulence of the virus, which poses a challenge to manage the disease. The virus depends on RNA dependent RNA polymerases [RdRp(s)] and its associated non-structural proteins for replication. Therefore, RdRp is a target of antiviral drugs. Several mutations in RdRp in SARS-CoV2 from all over the world have been identified. Some of the mutations are known to alter the RdRp structure. This may have an implication on the effectiveness of the drugs being approved for combating the disease. Therefore, we believe elaborate studies are necessary to identify and characterize mutations in RdRp with respect to drug binding ability. Herein, using molecular docking, we have studied the interaction of the approved drug, Ledipasvir, with wild type and different mutant RdRps to gain mechanistic insights into structural changes which can affect the drug binding and may be responsible for drug resistance. We observed a change in the binding energy of ledipasvir with wild type and mutant polymerases. Further, deviation in the orientation of the drug was observed in the case of mutants in comparison to wild type RdRp. These findings suggest that it is of utmost importance to study RdRp mutants to assess drug resistance.
Hydrologic flow regimes in humid tropics river basin
Authors: Chellaiah Gajendran , Eazon Daniel Biju 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The study is carried out to understand the impact of the land-use change in terms of alteration in flow regimes, which are understood to be a leading cause of ecological and environmental deterioration in riverine systems. Meenachil river in the humid tropical region of Kerala, India, is one of a kind river with human settlement along the banks for all its 78 kms of flow through the Kottayam District. The analysis of streamflow from four stream gauge stations was done using Range Variability Approach. The analysis was down as a two-time period analysis with the parametric approach with the period separation taken according to prior studies on land-use change. The analysis shows a high degree of alteration, which can be attributed to the land-use change and can be understood as the root cause for the deterioration of water quality and also the ecological distress, which is well documented in the downstream and watershed regions of the river.
Comparison of photocatalytic activity of ZnO, Ag-ZnO, Cu-ZnO, Ag, Cu-ZnO and TPPS/ZnO for the degradation of methylene blue under UV and visible light irradiation
Authors: Rabbani Mahboubeh , Shokraiyan Javad , Rahimi Rahmatollah , Amrollahi Rezvaneh 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this study, zinc oxide and silver and copper-doped zinc oxide nanorods were synthesized by a simple template-free precipitation technique. In addition, meso-tetrakis-(4-sulfonatophenyl) porphyrin (TPPS4) was prepared and immobilized on ZnO nanorods (TPPS/ZnO). The synthesized photocatalysts were characterized by various techniques such as X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy. The potential of the obtained photocatalysts in the degradation of methylene blue was investigated under UV and visible light irradiation. The results revealed that the photocatalytic activity of TPPS/ZnO was higher than those of the pure ZnO and doped ZnO under visible light irradiation.
Assessment of the performance of intermittent planted filters in treating urban wastewater under arid climate
Authors: Tlili Hiba , Bali Mahmoud , Boukchina Rachid 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntermittent planted filters are extensive biological purification techniques aimed at oxidizing and decontaminating urban wastewater at a low cost and with minimum environmental impacts. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the performances of intermittent planted filters in treating urban wastewater under arid conditions of southern Tunisia. The experimental study was carried out on a pilot scale plant comprising five constructed gravel-sand basins. Screened urban wastewater effluent was intermittently applied with a daily hydraulic load of 400 L/m2. Several water quality parameters were monitored at the inlet and outlet of this treatment plant. The average removal rate were 94.8%, 92.3%, 99.3%, 89.9% and 93.3% for chemical and biological oxygen demand, total suspended solids, ammonium nitrogen and orthophosphate, respectively. Additionally, results demonstrated that this treatment system is capable of removing 3.67, 3.22 and 2.44 log units of total and faecal coliforms, and faecal streptococci, respectively. Results showed that Phragmites australis allowed the development of biofilm in the sand filter beds, improving their purification efficiency. Furthermore, no bio-sludge production, no mechanical aeration, low energy requirement (0.02 kW/m2) and green aesthetic ambience are the additional particular strengths of the proposed pilot plant.
Inflammatory Molecular Mediators and Pathways Involved in
Vascular Aging and Stroke: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Soliman Amro M. , Das Srijit , Mahakkanukrauh Pasuk 
Published: September 2021

:
There is an increase in the incidence of cardiovascular diseases with aging and
it is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The main cardiovascular pathologies
include atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, hypertension and stroke. Chronic inflammation
is one of the significant contributors to the age-related vascular diseases. Therefore,
it is important to understand the molecular mechanisms of the persistent inflammatory
conditions occurring in the blood vessels as well as the signaling pathways involved.
Herein, we performed an extant search of literature involving PubMed, ISI, WoS and
Scopus databases for retrieving all relevant articles with the most recent findings illustrating
the potential role of various inflammatory mediators along with their proposed activated
pathways in the pathogenesis and progression of vascular aging. We also highlight
the major pathways contributing to age-related vascular disorders. The outlined molecular
mechanisms, pathways and mediators of vascular aging represent potential drug targets
that can be utilized to inhibit and/or slow the pathogenesis and progression of vascular aging.
Quality of Life for Children with Allergic Skin Diseases
Authors: Hon Kam Lun , Chu Samantha , Leung Alexander K.C. 
Published: September 2021

:
Allergic skin diseases are highly prevalent among children. Patients with allergic skin
diseases experience sociopsychological and quality-of-life (QoL) burdens in excess of those in the
general population. Children and their caregivers are especially vulnerable to the burden of many
of the common allergic skin diseases. In the past few decades, researchers have developed a number
of disease-specific scores and indices for the measurement of QoL for childhood skin diseases.
Most of the research in this area has focused on atopic eczema and urticaria and less so on allergic
contact dermatitis. We provide an overview of QoL and its assessment for these dermatologic conditions.
Carvacrol Suppresses Human Osteosarcoma Cells via the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway
Authors: Zhang Songou , He Lei , Shang Jinxiang , Chen Long , Xu Yifan , Chen Xiaozhen , Li Xinyu , Jiao Qingchuan , Jin Songtao , Hu Xujun , Liang Wenqing 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Carvacrol is a monoterpenic phenol extracted from traditional Chinese herbs, including oregano
and thyme. Currently, carvacrol has been widely studied for its therapeutic role in central nervous system diseases,
liver diseases and digestive system cancer.

Objective:
However, the role of carvacrol in osteosarcoma and its underlying molecular mechanism remain elusive.
Here, we aimed to examine the anticancer effects of carvacrol on osteosarcoma.

Methods:
The effects of carvacrol on the osteosarcoma proliferation capacity were revealed by CCK-8 and colony
formation assays. Flow cytometry and Hoechst assays were used to determine the effects of carvacrol on osteosarcoma
cell apoptosis. The effect of carvacrol on migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells was determined by wound
healing and transwell tests. Protein expression was evaluated by WB assays. The suppressive effects of carvacrol on
osteosarcoma in vivo were examined by a xenograft animal model, immunohistochemistry and HE staining.

Results:
We demonstrated that carvacrol treatment reduced viability and inhibited the colony formation of U2OS and
143B cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Apoptotic cell number increased after exposure to carvacrol. Meanwhile,
the expression of Bax increased, and that of Bcl-2 decreased by carvacrol treatment. In addition, the MMP-9
expression and migration and invasion of 143B and U2OS cells were inhibited by carvacrol. We also found that these
carvacrol-induced effects on osteosarcoma are associated with the regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Conclusion:
Our findings suggest that carvacrol suppresses proliferation, migration, invasion and promotes apoptosis
in osteosarcoma cells, in part by regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
Bioactive Heterocyclic Compounds as Potential Therapeutics in the Treatment of Gliomas: A Review
Authors: Hassan Reyaz , Mohi-ud-din Roohi , Dar Mohammad Ovais , Shah Abdul Jalil , Mir Prince Ahad , Shaikh Majeed , Pottoo Faheem Hyder 
Published: September 2021

Abstract:Cancer is one of the most alarming diseases, with an estimation of 9.6 million deaths in 2018. Glioma occurs in glial cells surrounding nerve cells. The majority of the patients with gliomas have a terminal prognosis, and the ailment has significant sway on patients and their families, be it physical, psychological, or economic wellbeing. As Glioma exhibits, both intra and inter tumour heterogeneity with multidrug resistance and current therapies are ineffective. So the development of safer anti gliomas agents is the need of hour. Bioactive heterocyclic compounds, eithernatural or synthetic,are of potential interest since they have been active against different targets with a wide range of biological activities, including anticancer activities. In addition, they can cross the biological barriers and thus interfere with various signalling pathways to induce cancer cell death. All these advantages make bioactive natural compounds prospective candidates in the management of glioma. In this review, we assessed various bioactive heterocyclic compounds, such as jaceosidin, hispudlin, luteolin, silibinin, cannabidiol, tetrahydrocannabinol, didemnin B, thymoquinone, paclitaxel, doxorubicin, and cucurbitacins for their potential anti-glioma activity. Also, different kinds of chemical reactions to obtain various heterocyclic derivatives, e.g. indole, indazole, benzimidazole, benzoquinone, quinoline, quinazoline, pyrimidine, and triazine, are listed.
Glimpse into the Cellular Internalization and Intracellular Trafficking of Lipid-
Based Nanoparticles in Cancer Cells
Authors: Dehghan Gholamreza , Baradaran Behzad , Kazemi Elham Kamal , Abedi-Gaballu Fereydoon , Mohammad Hosseini Tala Farid , Mohammadi Ali , Mansoori Behzad , Sheibani Nader 
Published: September 2021

:
Lipid-based nanoparticles, as drug delivery carriers, are commonly used for the delivery of anti-cancer
therapeutic agents. Due to their smaller particle size and similarity to cell membranes, Lipid-based nanoparticles are
readily internalized into cancer cells. Cancer cells also overexpress receptors for specific ligands, including folic acid,
hyaluronic acid, and transferrin, on their surface, thus, allowing the use of their ligands for surface modification of the
lipid-based nanoparticles for their specific recognition by receptors on cancer cells. This would also allow the gradual
intracellular accumulation of the targeted functionalized nanoplatforms. These ligand-receptor interactions eventually
enhance the internalization of desired drugs by increasing the nanoplatforms cellular uptake. The cellular internalization
of the nanoplatforms varies and depends on their physicochemical properties, including particle size, zeta potential,
and shape. The cellular uptake is also influenced by the types of ligand internalization pathways utilized by cells,
such as phagocytosis, macropinocytosis, and multiple endocytosis pathways. This review classifies and discusses lipidbased
nanoparticles engineered to carry specific ligands, their recognition by receptors on cancer cells, and their cellular
internalization pathways. Moreover, the intracellular fate of nanoparticles decorated with specific ligands and their
best internalization pathway (caveolae-mediated endocytosis) for safe cargo delivery are also discussed.
Computational Topology and its Applications in Geometric Design
Authors: Lin Hongwei , Dong Zhetong , Chen Jinhao 
Published: September 2021

Background:
In recent geometric design, many effective toolkits for geometric modeling
and optimization have been proposed and applied in practical cases, while effective and efficient
designing of shapes that have desirable topological properties remains to be a challenge. The development
of computational topology, especially persistent homology, permits convenient usage of
topological invariants in shape analysis, geometric modeling, and shape optimization. Persistence
diagram, the useful topological summary of persistent homology, provides a stable representation of
multiscale homology invariants in the presence of noise in original data. Recent works show the
wide use of persistent homology tools in geometric design.

Objective:
In this paper, we review the geometric design based on computational topological tools
in three aspects: the extraction of topological features and representations, topology-aware shape
modeling, and topology-based shape optimization.

Methods:
By tracking the development of each aspect and comparing the methods using classical
topological invariants, motivations, and key approaches of important related works based on persistent
homology are clarified.

Results :
We review geometric design through topological extraction, topological design, and shape
optimization based on topology preservation. Related works show the successful applications of
computational topology tools of geometric design.

Conclusion:
Solutions for the proposed core problems will affect the geometric design and its applications.
In the future, the development of computational topology may boost computer-aided topological
design.
Obesity and Inflammation: Colorectal Cancer Engines
Authors: Bou Malhab Lara J. , Abdel-Rahman Wael M. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract:
The prevalence of obesity continues to increase to the extent that it became a worldwide
pandemic. An accumulating body of evidence has associated obesity with the development of different
types of cancer, including colorectal cancer, which is a notorious disease with a high mortality
rate. At the molecular level, colorectal cancer is a heterogenous disease characterized by a myriad
of genetic and epigenetic alterations associated with various forms of genomic instability (detailed
in Supplementary Materials). Recently, the microenvironment has emerged as a major factor
in carcinogenesis. Our aim is to define the different molecular alterations leading to the development
of colorectal cancer in obese patients with a focus on the role of the microenvironment in carcinogenesis.
We also highlight all existent molecules in clinical trials that target the activated pathways
in obesity-associated colorectal cancer, whether used as single treatments or in combination.
Obesity predisposes to colorectal cancer via creating a state of chronic inflammation with dysregulated
adipokines, inflammatory mediators, and other factors such as immune cell infiltration. A unifying
theme in obesity-mediated colorectal cancer is the activation of the PI3K/AKT,
mTOR/MAPK, and STAT3 signaling pathways. Different inhibitory molecules towards these pathways
exist, increasing the therapeutic choice of obesity-associated colon cancer. However, obese
patients are more likely to suffer from chemotherapy overdosing. Preventing obesity through maintaining
a healthy and active lifestyle remains to be the best remedy.
Alzheimer’s Disease and other Tauopathies: Exploring Efficacy of Medicinal
Plant-derived Compounds in Alleviating Tau-mediated Neurodegeneration
Authors: Durairajan Siva Sundara Kumar , Selvarasu Karthikeyan , Bera Minu Rani , Rajaram Kaushik , Iyaswamy Ashok , Li Min 
Published: September 2021

:
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a major form of dementia, has been reported to affect more
than 50 million people worldwide. It is characterized by the presence of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques
and hyperphosphorylated Tau-associated neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. Apart from AD, microtubule
(MT)-associated protein Tau is also involved in other neurodegenerative diseases called
tauopathies, including Pick’s disease, frontotemporal lobar degeneration, progressive supranuclear
palsy, and corticobasal degeneration. The recent unsuccessful phase III clinical trials related to Aβ-
targeted therapeutic drugs have indicated that alternative targets, such as Tau, should be studied to
discover more effective and safer drugs. Recent drug discovery approaches to reduce AD-related
Tau pathologies are primarily based on blocking Tau aggregation, inhibiting Tau phosphorylation,
compensating impaired Tau function with MT-stabilizing agents, and targeting the degradation
pathways in neuronal cells to degrade Tau protein aggregates. Owing to several limitations of the
currently available Tau-directed drugs, further studies are required to generate further effective and
safer Tau-based disease-modifying drugs. Here, we review the studies focused on medicinal plant-
derived compounds capable of modulating the Tau protein, which is significantly elevated and hyperphosphorylated
in AD and other tauopathies. We have mainly considered the studies focused on
Tau protein as a therapeutic target. We have reviewed several pertinent papers retrieved from
PubMed and ScienceDirect using relevant keywords, with a primary focus on the Tau-targeting
compounds from medicinal plants. These compounds include indolines, phenolics, flavonoids, coumarins,
alkaloids, and iridoids, which have been scientifically proven to be Tau-targeting candidates
for the treatment of AD.
Essential Oils: A Novel Approach for Anti-Microbial Therapy
Authors: Wani Ashwini , Mange Hiren , Vasudevan Aishwarya 
Published: September 2021

Abstract:
Overexploitation of antibiotics has led to significant challenges with antimicrobial resistance.
The gravity of this trend has resulted in the rapid emergence of multi-resistant pathogens. Increased
frequency to treat infections and the unfeasibility to reverse this resistance have burdened
researchers in developing novel mechanisms to counteract and obstruct antimicrobial resistance.
An effective medical strategy to control resistance was to develop new and potent antibiotics although,
a sobering reality is that the product pipeline towards new antibiotics is inadequate. To ensure
continued effective treatment of bacterial infections, there is an urgent need to control as well
as conserve existing antibiotics through novel approaches. Utilization of Essential Oils (EO) in a
multi-target anti-infective therapy addresses this need by targeting the mechanism of bacterial resistance
and discovering synergism between EO’s antimicrobial properties to anti-infectives. When introduced
into a pharmaceutical formulation, this novel and rational approach will open the door towards
the development of a new generation of antimicrobials. Today, several essential oils have
the ability to act as resistant modifying agents and enhance the antimicrobial activity of anti-infectives.
This review article intends to focus on the effectiveness of essential oils on drug-resistant
pathogens, mechanisms to counteract antimicrobial resistance, approaches to enhance efficacy, and
explore potential applications.