bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Invasive Breast Carcinoma with Neuroendocrine Differentiation: A Single-Center Analysis of Clinical Features and Prognosis
Authors: Krawczyk Natalia , Röwer Rowena , Anlauf Martin , Muntanjohl Caja , Baldus Stephan Ernst , Neumann Monika , Banys-Paluchowski Maggie , Otten Sabine , Luczak Katharina , Ruckhäberle Eugen , Mohrmann Svjetlana , Hoffmann Jürgen , Kaleta Thomas , Jaeger Bernadette , Esposito Irene , Fehm Tanja 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Introduction Invasive breast cancer with neuroendocrine differentiation is a rare subtype of breast malignancy. Due to frequent changes in the definition of these lesions, the correct diagnosis, estimation of exact prevalence, and clinical behaviour of this entity may be challenging. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence, clinical features, and outcomes in a large cohort of patients with breast cancer with neuroendocrine differentiation.
Patients Twenty-seven cases of breast cancer with neuroendocrine differentiation have been included in this analysis. Twenty-one cases were identified by systematic immunohistochemical re-evaluation of 465 breast cancer specimens using the neuroendocrine markers chromogranin A and synaptophysin, resulting in a prevalence of 4.5%. A further six cases were identified by a review of clinical records.
Results Median age at the time of diagnosis was 61 years. 70% of patients had T2 – 4 tumors and 37% were node-positive. The most common immunohistochemical subtype was HR-positive/HER2-negative (85%). 93% were positive for synaptophysin and 48% for chromogranin A. Somatostatin receptor type 2A status was positive in 12 of 24 analyzed tumors (50%). Neuroendocrine-specific treatment with somatostatin analogues was administered in two patients. The 5-year survival rate was 70%.
Conclusions Breast cancer with neuroendocrine differentiation is mostly HR-positive/HER2-negative and the diagnosis is made at a higher TNM stage than in patients with conventional invasive breast carcinoma. Moreover, breast cancer with neuroendocrine differentiation was found to be associated with impaired prognosis in several retrospective trials. Due to somatostatin receptor 2A expression, somatostatin receptor-based imaging can be used and somatostatin receptor-targeted therapy can be offered in selected cases.
Pheochromocytoma and Adrenocortical Carcinoma: Morphological
Characteristics in Endoscopic Ultrasound Imaging
Authors: Özkul Neslihan , Kann Peter Herbert 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose Pheochromocytoma (PCC) and adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) are two
rare endocrine diseases. Early diagnosis is crucial to significantly reduce
morbidity and mortality. In this study, we used endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) for
high-resolution imaging to investigate the endosonographic morphology pattern of
PCC and ACC.
Materials and Methods This retrospective cohort study included 58
PCC/ACC lesions diagnosed by EUS imaging at two tertiary care centers
between 1997 and 2015. The following groups were defined by histology or by the
presence of a pheochromocytoma-associated syndrome without histological proof:
bPCC (benign PCC), mPCC (malignant PCC), and ACC.
Results In our cohort, mPCC tended to be larger at the time of diagnosis
(n=5; 39.9±41.9 mm) than bPCC (n=46;
27.3 ±20.8 mm, P=0.548). ACC lesions were
significantly larger (n=7; 50.6±14.8 mm) than bPCC and
mPCC (n=51; 28.5±23.3 mm, P=0.002). In EUS, bPCC
and ACC lesions frequently appeared to have a round shape and nodular structure.
bPCC and ACC tended to be more hyperechoic (P=0.112 and P=0.558,
respectively) and heterogeneous (P=0.501 and P=0.098,
respectively) than mPCC. Compared to PCC, ACC did not show high hyperperfusion
(P=0.022). In contrast to adenoma, all tumor entities showed
hypo-/anechoic areas within the tumor (P<0.05).
Conclusion No significant differences in EUS morphology were found to
reliably distinguish benign from malignant PCC and ACC lesions. However, EUS may
be a reasonable alternative or complementary method to conventional imaging
techniques for the early detection of these tumor entities.
Leitlinie erklärt – Perspektive
Authors: Thomasius Friederike 
Published: November 2021

Kapitel TherapieIm Kapitel „Therapiedauer und Kontrollen“ der aktuell geltenden
Leitlinienfassung von 2017 wird darauf hingewiesen, dass der Knochenmassenzuwachs
durch eine Denosumabtherapie schnell bei Therapieende verloren gehen kann. Hier
steht:
Detectability of Target Lesion During CT-Guided Tumor Ablations: Impact on Ablation Outcome
Authors: Barzakova Emona , Senthilvel Niveditha , Bruners Philipp , Keil Sebastian , Lurje Georg , Zimmermann Markus , Kuhl Christiane K , Isfort Peter 
Published: November 2021

Purpose Small hepatic malignancies scheduled for CT-guided percutaneous ablation may have been identified in the hepatobiliary phase of liver MRI or in a specific phase of multi-phase CT but may be occult on unenhanced CT used to guide the ablation. We investigated whether the detectability of the target lesion would impact the efficacy of CT-guided hepatic tumor ablations.
Materials and Methods We included 69 patients with 99 malignant liver lesions (25 primary, 44 metastases) who underwent IRE (n = 35), RFA (n = 41), or MWA (n = 23) between 01/2015 and 06/2018. All procedures were performed under CT guidance. Lesions not detectable on CT (NDL) were targeted through identification of anatomical landmarks on preinterventional contrast-enhanced CT or MRI. Rates of incomplete ablation, size of ablation zone, local tumor recurrence, intrahepatic progression-free survival (ihPFS), and adverse event rates were compared for detectable lesions (DL) vs. NDL.
Results 40 lesions were NDL, and 59 lesions were DL on unenhanced CT. The mean follow-up was 16.2 months (14.8 for DL and 18.2 for NDL). The mean diameter of NDL and DL was similar (12.9 mm vs. 14.9 mm). The mean ablation zone size was similar (37.1 mm vs. 38.8 mm). Incomplete ablation did not differ between NDL vs. DL (5.0 % [2/40; 0.6–16.9 %] vs. 3.4 % [2/59; 0.4–11.7 %]), nor did local tumor recurrence (15.4 % [6/39; 5.7 %–30.5 %] vs. 16.9 % [10/59; 8.4–29.0 %]), or median ihPFS (15.5 months vs. 14.3 months).
Conclusion Target lesion detectability on interventional CT does not have a significant impact on outcome after percutaneous liver ablation when anatomical landmarks are used to guide needle placement.
Key Points:
Citation Format
Evaluation of an Ultra-Short MRI Protocol for Cerebral Staging Examinations in Melanoma Patients
Authors: Peters Sönke , Gärtner Friederike , Austein Friederike , Wodarg Fritz , Jansen Olav , Hensler Johannes 
Published: November 2021

Purpose Due to its high sensitivity and lack of radiation, MRI is often used to stage cerebral tumors in patients. In contrast, the relatively long examination times and the limited availability of MRI slots at the clinic might delay these examinations. The aim of this study was to compare an ultra-short MRI protocol with the routinely used standard protocol.
Materials and Methods Cerebral MRI of 147 patients with malignant melanoma were evaluated retrospectively, whereby only two sequences (FLAIR images and contrast-enhanced T1 MPR images) were evaluated in one group and images from the whole examination were available for the second group, including five sequences (DWI, T2 TSE, FLAIR, native and contrast-enhanced T1 TSE, and contrast-enhanced T1 MPR). The results of the two groups were compared and tested to determine whether the ultra-short approach was inferior to the full examination.
Results 13.6 % of the patients had cerebral metastases. Overall, 73 metastases were detected: 60 were located supratentorially and 13 infratentorially. Concerning the detection of cerebral metastases, the ultra-short MRI examination, involving only a FLAIR and a contrast-enhanced T1 MPR sequence, was not inferior to the full MRI protocol in general (p = 0.017) and separated by location for supratentorial (p = 0.026) and infratentorial (p = 0.001) metastases.
Conclusion For staging purposes, a focused, ultra-short MRI protocol is not inferior to a standard MRI examination. This might open up opportunities for faster staging processes and a more efficient use of the often-restricted MRI capacities.
Key Points
Citation Format
Pd-Catalyzed Arylation of 1,2-Amino Alcohol Derivatives via β-Carbon Elimination
Authors: Pericàs Miquel A. , Martin Ruben , Sau Miriam 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHerein, we describe a Pd-catalyzed arylation of 1,2-amino alcohols with aryl halides enabled by a retroallylation manifold. This protocol constitutes a new entry point to β-arylated aldehydes via the intermediacy of in situ generated enamine intermediates. The protocol is characterized by its exquisite regioselectivity profile and broad substrate scope – including challenging substrate combinations – even in an enantioselective manner.
Stereoselective Total Synthesis of (+)-Brevipolide H from d-Galactal
Authors: Liu Jun , Zhao Ziyang , Lv Qingwei , Geng Jialin , Liu Yang , Hu Chao , Du Yuguo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAn efficient and concise synthesis of cytotoxic 5,6-dihydro-α-pyrone (+)-brevipolide H has been accomplished in 12 long linear steps in 8.65% overall yield from readily available chiral synthons, d-galactal and ethyl l-lactate. The features of this synthesis are highly diastereoselective Simmons–Smith cyclopropanation and carbohydrate-based chiron approach to rapid access to key 5,6-dihydro-α-pyrone skeleton.
Radical Fluorosulfonylation: Accessing Alkenylsulfonyl Fluorides from Alkenes and Alkynes
Authors: liao Saihu , Nie Xingliang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSulfonyl fluorides have widespread applications in many fields. In particular, the increasing research interest on the study of sulfonyl fluorides in the context of chemical biology and drug discovery in the past decade has raised a high demand for new and efficient methods for the synthesis of sulfonyl fluorides. Even though many synthetic routes have been developed in recent years, the corresponding radical fluorosulfonylation remains elusive. Here, we report our efforts toward this goal, and the identification of sulfuryl chlorofluoride (FSO2Cl) as an effective fluorosulfonyl radical precursor, as well as the development of radical fluorosulfonylation of alkenes and radical trans-chloro/fluorosulfonylation of alkynes.1	Introduction1.1	Functional Group Constructions1.2	Modular Synthesis with FSO2-Containing Synthetic Blocks1.3	Direct Fluorosulfonylation2	Radical Fluorosulfonylation of Alkenes with FSO2Cl3	Mechanistic Study4	Radical Chloro/Fluorosulfonylation of Alkynes5	Summary and Outlook
Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Diverse Libraries of Small-Molecule Building Blocks in Ionic Liquids (ILs)
Authors: Laali Kenneth K. , Kalkhambkar Rajesh G. , Sutar Suraj M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe Account describes recent advances, from the authors’ laboratories, in the synthesis of diverse libraries of small-molecule building blocks employing ionic liquids (ILs). The ability of ILs to act as catalysts/promoters/solvents for electrophilic and onium ion chemistry, as well as in metal-mediated cross-coupling reactions, and the potential to sequence/hyphenate these methods, have opened up new opportunities for facile assembly of functional small molecules with increased complexity from readily available precursors. While Brønsted acidic IL/IL solvent mixtures are suitable media for carbocation and onium ion chemistry, piperidine-appended IL/IL solvent mixtures can successfully catalyze a variety of base-catalyzed reactions. Several widely practiced transformations including ‘name reactions’ were adapted and performed efficiently in ILs.1	Introduction2	Aryldiazonium Salts and Aryltriazenes as Coupling Partners in Metal-Mediated C–C Cross-Coupling Reactions in ILs3	Expanding the Scope of Metal-Mediated Cross-Coupling Reactions in ILs4	Application of ILs in Synthesis and Functionalization of Hetero­cycles5	Expanding the Scope of Amide Synthesis in ILs6	Generation and Chemistry of ‘Tamed’ Propargylic Cations in ILs7	Newer Nitration Methods for Arenes and Heteroarenes in ILs8	Halofunctionalization in ILs9	‘Name Reactions’and Other Widely Practiced Synthetic Transformations in ILs9.1	The Biginelli Reaction9.2	Nitrile Synthesis by the Schmidt Reaction9.3	Rupe Rearrangement9.4	Synthesis of 1,3-Dioxanes via Prins Reaction in [BMIM(SO3H)][OTf]9.5	Synthesis of Cyclopropanes and Oxiranes by the Corey–Chaykovsky (CC) Reaction10	Conclusions and Closing Remarks
Modified Transpetrosal–Transtentorial Approach for Resection of Large and Giant Petroclival Meningioma: Technical Nuance and Surgical Experiences
Authors: Haq Irwan Barlian Immadoel , Wahyuhadi Joni , Suryonurafif Akhmad , Arifianto Muhammad Reza , Susilo Rahadian Indarto , Nagm Alhusain , Goto Takeo , Ohata Kenji 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background Meningiomas arising from the petroclival area remain a challenge for neurosurgeons. Various approaches have been proposed to achieve maximum resection with minimal morbidity and mortality. Also, some articles correlated preservation of adjacent veins with less neurologic deficits.
Objective To describe the experiences in using a new technique to achieve maximal resection of petroclival meningiomas and preserving the superior petrosal veins (SPVs) and the superior petrosal sinus (SPS).
Methods A retrospective analysis of 26 patients harboring a true petroclival meningioma with a diameter ≥25 mm and undergoing surgery with the modified transpetrosal–transtentorial approach (MTTA) was performed.
Results Fifty-four percent of 22 patients complained of severe headache at presentation. There was also complaint of cranial nerve (CN) deficit, with CN VII deficit being the most common (present in 42% of patients). The average tumor size (measured as maximum diameter) was 45.2 mm, and most of the tumors compressed the brainstem. Total resection was achieved in 12 patients (46.2%), whereas the others were excised subtotally (54.8%). Most of the patients had WHO grade I (96.1%) meningioma; only one had a grade II (3.8%) meningioma. In addition, clinical improvement and persistence of symptoms were observed in 17 (65.4%) and 8 (30.7%) patients, respectively, and postoperative permanent CN injury was observed in 3 (11.5%) patients.
Conclusion Using the MTTA, maximal resection with preservation of the CNs and neurovascular SPV-SPS complex can be achieved. Therefore, further studies and improvements of the technique are required to increase the total resection rate without neglecting the complications that may develop postoperatively.
Factors Associated with Timely Surgery for Semi-elective Distal Radius Fracture Fixation
Authors: Johnson Nick A. , Dias Joseph J. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background In the United Kingdom, national guidance recommends intra-articular distal radius fractures should undergo surgery within 72 hours and extra-articular fractures within 7 days.
Purpose We investigated if hospitals can provide timely surgery and meet national guidelines in patients who are sent home following distal radius fracture (DRF) to return for planned surgery. The influence of patient, hospital, and seasonal factors on wait to surgery are investigated.
Patients and Methods We reviewed Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) data between April 2009 and March 2013. Proportion of procedures being performed within 3 and 7 days was calculated. A linear regression model was created to investigate the relationship between wait for surgery and patient and hospital factors.
Results A total of 9,318 patients were sent home to return for planned acute DRF surgery during the 4-year study period. Mean time to surgery was 3.04 days (range 1–days, standard deviation [SD] 3.14). A total of 6,538 patients underwent surgery within 3 days (70.2%) and 8,747 within 7 days (93.9%). Patients listed for surgery and sent home to return waited longer if listed toward the end of the week. Less surgery was performed at weekends, and patients were less likely to be listed for semielective trauma surgery.
Conclusions Acute semielective DRF fixation is generally performed within targets for extra-articular fractures but there is scope for improvement for intra-articular fractures. Day of presentation and increasing number of comorbidities increase wait for surgery. Hospital trusts should focus on improving pathways for patients with multiple comorbidities and strategies to improve accessibility of these services at weekends.
Designing and application of a new medical instrument sterilization system using reactive oxygen species
Authors: Ülkütaş Hesna Özbek , Özçelik Berrin , Güler İnan 
Published: November 2021

The aim of this study is to design and test a new medical sterilization system as an alternative to the techniques used in the sterilization of medical instruments. The designed system, which uses a new oxygen molecule allotrope (NOMA) in the reactive oxygen species, is developed as an alternative to the sterilization systems using other gases. The test was conducted on 12 different materials, each having a surface of 2 cm2, sterilized under 120 °C at 1 atm pressure for 20 min in the NUVE-OT 4060 sterilizer, and all surfaces were contaminated with a biological indicator Geobacillus stearothermophilus cultured in an incubator at 37 °C. Test samples in sterile Petri dishes were placed in a desiccator, and a sample was taken at 30-, 45-, and 60-min test periods and were placed on an agar medium and put in a Memmert incubator IN75 at 37 °C; in the controls conducted following 16–18 h of incubation period, no bacterial growth was observed in the newly designed system tested with gram positive bacilli; moreover, it was observed that the new system was 100% effective in sterilizing the microbes as no growth was observed on the samples. Within the scope of this study, a faster, low-cost, low-temperature, residue-free, and human and environmental friendly system was developed and tested for sterilization of medical devices compared to existing sterilization methods using NOMA.
Single-neuron firing cascades underlie global spontaneous brain events
Authors: Liu Xiao , Leopold David A. , Yang Yifan 
Published: November 2021

Significance
The resting brain consumes enormous energy and shows highly organized spontaneous activity as often measured by functional MRI (fMRI). Using large-scale recordings from thousands of neurons, we showed a highly structured brain activity that involves the majority (∼70%) of surveyed neurons from various brain regions. It takes the form of sequential activations between two distinct neuronal ensembles and relates to low-frequency (∼0.1 Hz) modulations of arousal and hippocampal ripple activity. The finding provides a cellular-level understanding of the resting-state global brain activity often observed with fMRI and further suggests that this global activity may represent an “offline” process that links cholinergic function, memory consolidation, and perivascular clearance of brain waste.
Emergent dual scaling of riverine biodiversity
Authors: Terui Akira , Kim Seoghyun , Dolph Christine L. , Kadoya Taku , Miyazaki Yusuke 
Published: November 2021

SignificanceLarger ecosystems support more species; this ubiquitous pattern is the foundation of current conservation schemes. However, many ecosystems possess a complex spatial structure that cannot be represented by area, and the role of such complexity in regulating biodiversity patterns is largely unknown. Here, we use theory and extensive fish community data to show that ecosystem size and complexity dictate riverine biodiversity. We found that larger and more branched “complex” river networks harbored greater species richness due to increased space and environmental heterogeneity. The complexity effect was comparable to the size effect, and this pattern has emerged regardless of ecological contexts. Our discovery illustrates a fundamental ecological law in complex ecosystems, laying the groundwork for future research exploring macroecological patterns.
Overt subject pronoun in Gothic vs null subject in Greek
Authors: Falluomini Carla 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The Gothic translation of the Bible is a word-for-word rendition of a lost Greek Vorlage (reconstructed by W.
Streitberg in 1908; 2nd revised edition in 1919). As previous studies have pointed out,
one of the most interesting features of this version is the presence of the overt subject pronoun in instances where there is a null
subject in Greek. Considering that Gothic is a null subject language, how is it possible to justify this feature? Based on a new collation that uses biblical textual witnesses not considered by Streitberg (i.e.
Greek majuscule and minuscule manuscripts, Church Fathers, commentaries, lectionaries, and Vetus Latina
manuscripts), this paper analyses the Gothic-Greek divergences involving the presence of the overt subject pronoun in the Gospel
of John, in order to verify previous hypotheses and shed new light on this debated topic.
The typology of Old Norse revisited
Authors: Heltoft Lars 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Typologically, the Old and Middle Scandinavian languages preserve features lost in Modern Scandinavian (Danish,
Norwegian and Swedish), especially zero arguments and inactive constructions. Both phenomena present difficulties for the analysis
of the Old and Middle Scandinavian languages as configurational, and generative linguists often choose a reductionist strategy,
claiming that at the level of deep structure, configurational structure persists. Based on Middle Danish, my claim will be that
zero arguments are semantically different from – and therefore cannot be reduced to – pronouns, and secondly, that inactive
constructions do not have oblique subjects, but oblique first arguments (A1s). The meanings of the case forms nominative and
oblique differ, depending on their constructional context. Any functional theory must respect the relevant grammatical sign
contrasts of the language analysed, not try to explain them away.
High Plains wheat mosaic emaravirus. [Distribution map].
Authors: CABI  , EPPO  
Published: November 2021

Abstract

A new distribution map is provided for High Plains wheat mosaic emaravirus. Bunyavirales: Fimoviridae: Emaravirus. Main hosts: wheat (
Triticum aestivum
), maize (
Zea mays
). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Ukraine), North America (Canada, Alberta, United States, Colorado, Idaho, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Washington, Wyoming), Oceania (Australia, New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria, Western Australia), South America (Argentina).
Xylophilus ampelinus
. [Distribution map].
Authors: CABI  , EPPO  
Published: November 2021

Abstract

A new distribution map is provided for
Xylophilus ampelinus
(Panagopoulos) Willems et al. Betaproteobacteria: Burkholderiales: Comamonadaceae. Host: grapevine (
Vitis vinifera
). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa (South Africa), Asia (Japan, Hokkaido, Honshu), Europe (France, Greece, Crete, Italy, Sardinia, Sicily, Russia, Slovenia, Spain).
Assessing the implementation of machine learning models for thermal treatments design
Authors: Eres-Castellanos Adriana , De-Castro David , Capdevila Carlos , Garcia-Mateo Carlos , Caballero Francisca G. 
Published: November 2021

The latest progress in machine learning (ML) algorithms enabled to predict some steel physical properties previously modelled by linear regression (LR), such as the Ms temperature. Authors claimed that the performance given by ML models could improve the one of previous LR models, although they did not include fair comparisons. In this work, a large database was used to train different ML algorithms, whose Ms temperature predictions were compared to the ones of previous literature empirical models. ML methods were proved to require longer computational times and wider knowledge, while leading to similar results. Therefore, we recommend that ML methods are not always considered as the first option when trying to solve easy problems that can be modelled by LR techniques.