bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advances in Coaxial Additive Manufacturing and Applications
Authors: Rafiee Mohammad , Granier Floriane , Therriault Daniel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCoaxial additive manufacturing (AM) is an emerging technology involving the simultaneous deposition of two or more materials with a common longitudinal axis. It has the potential to overcome the disadvantages associated with conventional single‐material AM for the production of core‐shell or multi‐core‐shell multimaterial structures. The coaxial AM techniques can be classified into extrusion and material jetting technologies. The extrusion‐based technologies rely on the co‐extrusion of multiple materials through a coaxial nozzle whereas the material jetting technologies are based on the introduction of a high voltage electric field between a coaxial nozzle and a grounded collector plate. This review is aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of multimaterial coaxial AM, including the technologies, nozzle designs, materials, and applications. The advances in coaxial AM and the benefits of this novel technology in various fields are highlighted. For instance, in biomedicine coaxial AM offers an exciting alternative to single‐material bioprinting for the fabrication of bio‐scaffolds and vascular networks as well as for tissue engineering and cell encapsulations. Coaxial AM is also a subject of growing interest in the fields of flexible sensors, e‐textiles, and printed electronics. Perspectives on the limitations, existing challenges, opportunities, and future directions for further development are also provided.
Colorimetric Detection of Mechanical Deformation in Metals using Thin‐Film Mechanochromic Sensor
Authors: Bae Gijoon , Seo Minseok , Lee Sangjun , Bae Donghyun , Lee Myeongkyu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAs metals form the backbone of many engineering structures including bridges and buildings, the detection of their mechanical deformation is of technological importance. Several optical techniques such as holographic interferometry, speckle interferometry, and digital image correlation have been developed to map the surface strains and displacements of various materials. However, these techniques have stringent requirements for stability and repeatability, which limit their application outside the laboratory. Herein, a colorimetric method for detecting mechanical deformation in metals based on the color change in an attached mechanochromic sensor is proposed. This study shows that a mechanically adaptable thin‐film sensor bonded to a block of metal can not only visualize the surface strain of the metal but also quantitatively measure it. The spatial distribution of the strain field can be mapped with high resolution by capturing the sensor image using a smartphone and analyzing its red, green, and blue components. This colorimetric method is applicable in both indoor and outdoor environments and can also be effective for detecting cracking or cleavage in rigid bodies.
High Efficiency Luminescent Solar Concentrator based on Organo‐Metal Halide Perovskite Quantum Dots with Plasmon Enhancement
Authors: Mendewala Benaz , Vickers Evan T. , Nikolaidou Katerina , DiBenedetto Albert , Delmas William G. , Zhang Jin Z. , Ghosh Sayantani 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOrgano‐metal halide perovskites (OMHPs) are currently one of the most exciting candidates for photovoltaics. However, their impact in other areas related to carrier photogeneration, such as in luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs), has been limited. OMHP thin films have demonstrated encouraging results as LSCs, but for a scalable platform with minimal losses, discrete emitters are preferable. Perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) possess higher photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) than their thin film counterparts, and have the added advantage of size tunability, which make them well‐suited as LSC active media. However, since PQDs are not amenable to Stokes shift modulation, large‐scale samples will suffer from increased self‐absorption (SA) losses. In this work, a facile dip‐coating approach is established to fabricating large‐scale LSCs with CH3NH3PbBr3 (methylammonium lead bromide) PQDs by leveraging their plasmonic interactions with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to offset SA losses. Optical characterization through emission, lifetime, and spatially resolved photoluminescence measurements provide insight into the effect of plasmon resonance on deposited PQDs, and leveraging this AuNP‐PQD coupling, 2.87% efficiency is achieved in a 100 cm2 LSC with a geometric gain of 50.
Optoelectronic Synapses Based on Photo‐Induced Doping in MoS2/h‐BN Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Xu Mengjian , Xu Tengfei , Yu Anqi , Wang Hailu , Wang Hao , Zubair Muhammad , Luo Man , Shan Chongxin , Guo Xuguang , Wang Fang , Hu Weida , Zhu Yiming 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSynaptic device is an important component in artificial neural networks. Electrically‐controlled long‐term depression (LTD) is demonstrated in three‐terminal photonic synaptic devices, which is useful for improving the efficiency of artificial neural networks. The mechanism of the three‐terminal photonic synaptic device is similar to that of the photo‐induced doping effect. Photo‐assisted carrier transport and recombination are expected to accelerate the LTD process. However, the effects of photon illumination on LTD are not investigated. Here, the effects of electrical stimulation and photo‐stimulation on the long‐term plasticity (LTP) and LTD process of photonic synaptic devices based on MoS2/h‐BN field‐effect transistors (FETs) are systemically investigated. The influences of gate dielectric layer on the photo‐induced doping are explored. The non‐volatile and electrically‐erasable properties of photo‐induced doping in MoS2/h‐BN FETs are due to the van der Waals energy barrier at the MoS2/h‐BN interface. The synaptic functions of LTP and LTD can be mimicked by the photo‐induced doping effect. The LTD process will be accelerated with the applications of positive gate voltage and laser illumination, which improves the speed of information processing. These results presented in this paper are useful for realizing high‐performance synaptic devices based on the photo‐induced doping effect.
Hydrogel Coating Enabling Mechanically Friendly, Step‐Index, Functionalized Optical Fiber
Authors: Liu Binhong , Zhu Heng , Zhao Donghao , Nian Guodong , Qu Shaoxing , Yang Wei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractModern medicine, including minimally invasive surgeries, relies on optical fibers to efficiently transmit light into the human body. However, existing optical fibers exhibit poor mechanical compatibility with tissues and insufficient functionality. Herein is shown that a thin layer of hydrogel coating simultaneously improves the performance of optical fibers mechanically, optically, and functionally. By involving the hydrogel as a mechanically friendly skin, the optical fiber achieves surface tissue‐like softness and low friction, without compromising its bulk properties. With high transparency and low refractive index, the hydrogel coating helps form a step‐index profile for low‐loss light transmission. Furthermore, versatile functionalities by hydrogel‐coated optical fibers, like fluorescence generation, photothermal effect, pH sensing, and drug delivery, are conceptually demonstrated. This simple coating/core design that can easily incorporate extraordinary biocompatibility, extreme physical properties, and advanced functionality of hydrogels, will encourage more opportunities for the development of optical fibers in biomedical applications.
B(C6F5)3‐Catalyzed Hydroarylation of Terminal Alkynes with Phenols
Authors: Zhou Jiaming , Huang Jin , Lu Changhui , Jiang Huanfeng , Huang Liangbin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe developed a B(C6F5)3 catalyzed hydroarylation of terminal alkynes with various phenols at room temperature without adding any additives, leading to the synthesis of 2‐gem‐vinylphenols with good regio‐selectivity. Those transformations featured a broad substrate scope with moderate yields. Mechanism studies indicated that those transformations proceeded through the activation of phenol by B(C6F5)3 with subsequent protonation of alkyne/Friedel‐Crafts‐type reaction.magnified image
Copper‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Cascade Cyclization for the Synthesis of Isoindolo[2,1‐a]quinoxalines
Authors: Li Ling , Liu Zhen‐Ting , Hu Xiang‐Ping 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA copper‐catalyzed one‐pot cascade cyclization of 2‐(1‐(acetyloxy)propargyl)benzaldehydes with o‐phenylenediamines for an access to substituted isoindolo[2,1‐a]quinoxalines has been developed. The reaction features readily available starting materials, simple operational procedure, and broad substrate scopes. Under optimal conditions, various isoindolo[2,1‐a]quinoxalines were afforded in 41–88% yields.magnified image
Solar Light Activation of Persulfate by TiO2/Fe2O3 Layered Composite Films for Degradation of Amoxicillin: Degradation Mechanism, Matrix Effects, and Toxicity Assessments
Authors: dela Rosa Francis M. , Papac Josipa , Garcia‐Ballesteros Sara , Kovačić Marin , Katančić Zvonimir , Kušić Hrvoje , Božić Ana Lončarić 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this study, sandwich‐type composites made of commercial TiO2‐P25 and α‐Fe2O3 are obtained by spin coating thin films with different layer configurations, namely: i) TiO2 layer over α‐Fe2O3 (TiO2@α‐Fe2O3), ii) α‐Fe2O3 layer over TiO2 (α‐Fe2O3@TiO2), and iii) physically mixed 50% (w/w) of TiO2/Fe2O3. Photocatalytic activity under simulated solar irradiation of the aforementioned composites and their pure components is investigated for the degradation of amoxicillin (AMX) in the presence and absence of persulfate (PS). In both cases, TiO2@α‐Fe2O3 sandwich‐type achieve the highest degradation rates of AMX and a marked effect of PS addition on the AMX degradation rate is noted. The influence of pH and PS concentration on AMX degradation rate is established by means of experimental design and response surface modeling. The AMX degradation pathway is studied by means of reactive oxygen species scavenging and identification of intermediates by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Their evolution is directly correlated with an increased toxicity assessed by Daphnia magna and Vibrio fischeri assays. Furthermore, biodegradability changes are correlated with the mineralization profile of AMX solution. The influence of water matrix constituents (Cl−, CO32−, NO3−, PO43− and Suwannee river natural organic matter) on AMX degradation is established as well.
Releasing Nanocapsules for High‐Throughput Printing of Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Huang Zengqi , Hu Xiaotian , Zhao Zhipeng , Meng Xiangchuan , Su Meng , Xue Tangyue , Chi Jimei , Xie Hongfei , Cai Zheren , Chen Yiwang , Li Lin , Song Yanlin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPerovskite solar cells (PSCs) are promising photovoltaic technologies due to their impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) and low‐temperature fabrication process, while it is still challenging to print uniform perovskite film with high crystalline quality over a module size. Here, a printable and stable perovskite nanocapsules ink to realize the high‐throughput printing of large‐area, highly uniform perovskite films with micron grain size is reported. It is discovered that the releasing effect of these perovskite nanocapsules promotes homogeneous nucleation by diffusion‐controlled growth due to the steady‐state diffusion of the solute in solution. Remarkably, the printed PSCs and 25 cm2 modules achieve power conversion efficiencies of 22.10% and 16.12%, respectively. They exhibit negligible efficiency loss after continuous operation for over 1000 h under AM1.5 illumination, and excellent thermal (85 °C) stability with over 87% of the initial efficiency after aging for 500 h. This perovskite nanocapsules ink is expected to facilitate the high‐yield fabrication of perovskite photovoltaics.
Insights into influence mechanism of polymeric excipients on dissolution of drug formulations: A molecular interaction‐based theoretical model analysis and prediction
Authors: Ji Yuanhui , Hao Dule , Luebbert Christian , Sadowski Gabriele 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study provides an analysis of the dissolution mechanism of poorly water‐soluble drugs, indomethacin (IND) and naproxen (NAP), from polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) and polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate 64 (PVPVA 64) formulations under the combination of the Perturbed‐Chain Statistical Associating Fluid Theory (PC‐SAFT) and a chemical‐potential‐gradient model. Moreover, the dissolution kinetics of both drugs from these polymeric formulations were modeled in conformity with the in vitro experimental data obtained by means of a rotating disk system (USP II). The combination of the thermodynamic model PC‐SAFT and a chemical‐potential‐gradient model was demonstrated to be an efficient approach to explain the drug dissolution mechanism from the drug/PVAc and PVPVA 64 formulations. These results have implications in reducing experimental time and resources for the sustained dissolution kinetics profile determination without compromising accuracy, in particular for the system of the drug/PVAc formulation when obtaining continuous drug dissolution in this work.
High‐frequency formation of bubble with short length in a capillary embedded step T‐junction microdevice
Authors: Sheng Lin , Chen Yuchao , Deng Jian , Luo Guangsheng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe performances of slug flow gas–liquid reactors are mostly determined by slug length, especially for the high gas–liquid flow rate ratio condition. This work is the first time to report the short bubble generated with high frequency in a capillary embedded step T‐junction microdevice. The aspect ratio of bubble could be around 0.5 with a frequency higher than 750 s−1 when the gas–liquid flow rate ratio is even higher than 5. The specific surface area of the generated gas–liquid microdispersion system is larger than 10,400 m2/m3. The short bubble formation process includes two periods, and its formation mechanism is mainly because of the relatively higher pressure drop in the step T‐junction, which provides a much higher breakup force for the squeezing flow. Finally, two models are developed to predict the bubble frequency and volume. This work provides a highly promising dispersion technology for the gas–liquid process intensification in microreactors.
Frequency of carriers for rare recessive Mendelian diseases in a Brazilian cohort of 320 patients
Authors: Quaio Caio Robledo D'Angioli Costa , Chung Christine Hsiaoyun , Perazzio Sandro Felix , Dutra Aurelio Pimenta , Moreira Caroline Monaco , Filho Gil Monteiro Novo , Sacramento‐Bobotis Patricia Rossi , Penna Michele Groenner , de Souza Rafaela Rogerio Floriano , Cintra Vivian Pedigone , Carnavalli Juliana Emilia Prior , da Silva Rafael Alves , Paixão Daniele , Baratela Wagner Antonio da Rosa , Olivati Caroline , Spolador Gustavo Marquezani , Santos Monize Nakamoto Provisor , Pintao Maria Carolina , Fornari Alexandre Ricardo dos Santos , Burger Matheus , Ramalho Rodrigo Fernandes , Pereira Otavio Jose Eulalio , e Ferreira Elisa Napolitano , Mitne‐Neto Miguel , Kim Chong Ae 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSeveral Mendelian disorders follow an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern. Epidemiological information on many inherited disorders may be useful to guide health policies for rare diseases, but it is often inadequate, particularly in developing countries. We aimed to calculate the carrier frequencies of rare autosomal recessive Mendelian diseases in a cohort of Brazilian patients using whole exome sequencing (WES). We reviewed the molecular findings of WES from 320 symptomatic patients who had carrier status for recessive diseases. Using the Hardy–Weinberg equation, we estimated recessive disease frequencies (q2) considering the respective carrier frequencies (2pq) observed in our study. We calculated the sensitivity of carrier screening tests based on lists of genes from five different clinical laboratories that offer them in Brazil. A total of 425 occurrences of 351 rare variants were reported in 278 different genes from 230 patients (71.9%). Almost half (48.8%) were carriers of at least one heterozygous pathogenic/likely pathogenic variant for rare metabolic disorders, while 25.9% of epilepsy, 18.1% of intellectual disabilities, 15.6% of skeletal disorders, 10.9% immune disorders, and 9.1% of hearing loss. We estimated that an average of 67% of the variants would not have been detected by carrier screening panels. The combined frequencies of autosomal recessive diseases were estimated to be 26.39/10,000 (or ~0.26%). This study shows the potential research utility of WES to determine carrier status, which may be a possible strategy to evaluate the clinical and social burden of recessive diseases at the population level and guide the optimization of carrier screening panels.
Social strategies used by dispersing males to integrate into a new group in Tibetan macaques (Macaca thibetana)
Authors: Xia Dong‐Po , Garber Paul A. , Sun Lixing , Sun Binghua , Wang Xi , Li Jin‐Hua 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn group‐living mammals, an individual's fitness depends, in part, on the quality of social relationships it has with others. Among species of nonhuman primates in which one sex is philopatric, individuals of that sex often develop strong social bonds and alliances with closely related kin. Less is known regarding the social processes used by dispersing adults to form stable bonds with nonkin in their new group. From May to December 2009, April to August 2010, September to December 2011, and February to May 2012, we collected data on grooming interactions in wild Tibetan macaques (Macaca thibetana), a female philopatric species, at Mt. Huangshan, China. Our goal was to compare social interactions and bond formation between resident males, recent immigrant males, and resident females. Our results indicate that recent immigrant males formed stable partner relationships with a small number of resident females and groomed these females more frequently or for longer than they received grooming. In contrast, resident males switched female grooming partners more frequently, received more grooming than they gave, and formed relationships with a greater number of female partners. We argue that the ability of recent immigrant male Tibetan macaques to maintain strong and persistent social bonds with a small set of resident adult females is a primary factor that enables them to establish residence in a new multimale–multifemale group. The present study provides new and important insights into the integrated social strategies used by dispersing males and resident females to maintain group stability.
Palladium complexes derived from benzoylthiourea ligands: Synthesis, crystal structure, and catalytic application in Suzuki C–C coupling reactions
Authors: Solmaz Ummuhan , Gumus Ilkay , Yilmaz Mustafa Kemal , Ince Simay , Arslan Hakan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract[PdCl2(HL1‐κS)2] and [PdCl2(HL2‐κS)2] complexes were formed from neutral monodentate modes of HL1 and HL2 ligands, which are coordinated to the palladium(II) center, respectively. [Pd(L1‐κ2S,O)2] and [Pd(L2‐κ2S,O)2] complexes were obtained by recrystallization of corresponding [PdCl2(HL1‐κS)2] and [PdCl2(HL2‐κS)2] complexes as anionic bidentate coordination modes. All palladium(II) complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, FT‐IR, and NMR (1H and 13C) techniques. The molecular structure of [Pd(L1‐κ2S,O)2] and [Pd(L2‐κ2S,O)2] was also confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction method. The roles and behaviors of the prepared four palladium(II) complexes in catalytic investigations for the Suzuki C–C coupling reaction were examined for the first time. The complexes acted as the excellent catalyst precursor and showed highly catalytic activity for the Suzuki C–C coupling reaction of various arylhalides with phenylboronic acid at low catalyst loading (0.01 mol%).
Beyond the classic sensory systems: Characteristics of the sense of time of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) assessed in a visual temporal discrimination and a bisection task
Authors: Heinrich Tamara , Lappe Alexander , Hanke Frederike D. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBeyond the classic sensory systems, the sense of time is most likely involved from foraging to navigation. As a prerequisite for assessing the role time is playing in different behavioral contexts, we further characterized the sense of time of a harbor seal in this study. Supra‐second time intervals were presented to the seal in a temporal discrimination and a temporal bisection task. During temporal discrimination, the seal needed to discriminate between a standard time interval (STI) and a longer comparison interval. In the bisection task, the seal learnt to discriminate two STIs. Subsequently, it indicated its subjective perception of test time intervals as resembling either the short or long STI more. The seal, although unexperienced regarding timing experiments, learnt both tasks fast. Depending on task, time interval or duration ratio, it achieved a high temporal sensitivity with Weber fractions ranging from 0.11 to 0.26. In the bisection task, the prerequisites for the Scalar Expectancy Theory including a constant Weber fraction, the bisection point lying close to the geometric mean of the STIs, and no significant influence of the STI pair condition on the probability of a long response were met for STIs with a ratio of 1:2, but not with a ratio of 1:4. In conclusion, the harbor seal's sense of time allows precise and complex judgments of time intervals. Cross‐species comparisons suggest that principles commonly found to govern timing performance can also be discerned in harbor seals.
Nuna Nalluyuituq (The Land Remembers): Remembering landscapes and refining methodologies through community‐based remote sensing in the Yukon‐Kuskokwim Delta, Southwest Alaska
Authors: Lim Jonathan S. , Gleason Sean , Jones Warren , Church Willard 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe following article outlines a collaborative, multidisciplinary approach to remote sensing in Southwest Alaska's Yukon‐Kuskokwim (Y‐K) Delta that combines ethnographic inquiry and remote sensing to monitor, detect and preserve cultural resources for Alaskan Native communities. Because distinctive vegetation differences are readily visible on cultural sites during the summer months, the analysis of multispectral imagery obtained from remote sensing is particularly useful. In turn, we demonstrate the efficacy of this protocol on pre‐contact settlement sites along the Ayakulik River system on Kodiak Island using a normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) raster of the study area. Here, support vector machine (SVM) supervised classification was highly effective at identifying spectral patterns associated with anthropogenic activity while ethnographic data helped rule out false‐positive cases. In addition, we provide the results of a 2019 archaeological prospection survey carried out in conjunction with the ongoing Nunalleq Project in Quinhagak, Alaska, to further highlight the value of ethnographic data collection, ethnobotanical surveys and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)‐based spectroscopy alongside SVM supervised classification. Finally, we propose three suggestions for future research on Yup'ik landscapes in the Y‐K Delta regarding citizen science, language preservation and the use of collaborative online maps for community‐based decision making.