bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Review and Update of Bubble Column Evaporator Processes
Authors: Ninham Barry W. , Shahid Muhammad , Pashley Richard M. 
Published: March 2021

This paper gives an updated review of the bubble column evaporator (BCE) and its various new processes. These include recent work on helium gas desalination and high temperature inlet gas decomposition. The BCE process offers a continuously produced source of high gas-water interface and consequently provides high overall heat and mass transfer coefficients. Very different results have been obtained using nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and helium inlet gases. Although the bubbling process itself is both simple to use and apply, our understanding of the fundamental physical and chemical principles involved is surprisingly limited and there are many issues yet to be explained. Recently the process has been used to develop new methods for the precise determination of enthalpies of vaporisation of concentrated salt solutions, as an evaporative cooling system, a sub-boiling thermal desalination unit, for sub-boiling thermal sterilization, for low temperature thermal decomposition of different solutes in aqueous solution and for the inhibition of particle precipitation in supersaturated solutions. These novel applications can be very useful in many industrial practices, such as desalination, water/wastewater treatment, thermolysis of ammonium bicarbonate (NH4HCO3) for the regeneration in forward osmosis and refrigeration related industries. The background theories and models use to explain the BCE process are also reviewed and this fundamental knowledge is applied to the design of BCE systems and to explain recently explored applications, as well as potential improvements. Many other prospective applications of the BCE process are also reported in this paper.
Вплив віброкавітаційного оброблення суспензії ціанобактерій на інтенсивність синтезу біогазу
Authors: Афтаназів І. С. , Баландюх Ю. А. , Мальований М. С. , Тимчук І. С. , Жук В. М. , Копій М. Л. 
Published: March 2021

Досліджено вплив віброкавітаційного оброблення біомаси суспензії ціанобактерій на інтенсивність та ефективність синтезу біогазу внаслідок реалізації в подальшому процесу метаногенезу. Показано актуальність розроблення технології утилізації надлишкової біомаси ціанобактерій, яка утворюється внаслідок їх неконтрольованого розвитку у мілководних ділянках штучних водойм і в технологіях біологічного очищення забруднених поверхневих та стічних вод. Запропоновано використання для руйнування міжклітинних перегородок ціанобактерій та вивільнення їх біомаси, яка стає доступною біорозкладу та реалізації метаногенезу, віброкавітаційного оброблення. Наведено опис конструкції віброкавітатора, який сприяє ефективній руйнації міжклітинних перегородок біомаси ціанобактерій та може працювати у безперервному режимі. Сконструйовано та використано для попереднього оброблення ціанобактерій лабораторну установку віброкавітатора, який працює у періодичному режимі. Створено дослідну установку для дослідження динаміки метаногенезу обробленої у віброкавітаторі біомаси ціанобактерій у безперервному режимі із використанням відеореєстрації синтезу біогазу та передачі даних щодо динаміки синтезу біогазу на монітор. Отримано експериментальні залежності динаміки синтезу біогазу із біомаси ціанобактерій від періоду їх оброблення у віброкавітаційному полі. Встановлено що оптимальні параметри синтезу біогазу досягаються після попереднього оброблення біомаси ціанобактерій у віброкавітаторові впродовж 15 хв. Встановлено автокаталітичний характер процесу, що дає змогу висунути припущення про підпорядкованість його рівнянню Міхаеліса – Ментена. Отриманий після закінчення процесу метаногенезу дигестат запропоновано використовувати як ефективне біоорганічне або органомінеральне (у разі створення композиції із природними дисперсними сорбентами) добриво.
Intipan Siber: Jenayah Baru dalam Masyarakat Kontemporari [Cyber Types: New Crime in a Contemporary Society]
Authors: Bidin Asiah binti , Syed Nong Mohamad Shariffah Nuridah Aishah binti , Mohamad Akmal binti 
Published: March 2021

Innovation and technological advancement nowadays had produced several web-based products. These include social networking sites (SNS) which are dominating Internet usage among consumers. Although the site is able to connect friendship without limits and become a very effective means of communication in cyberspace, the negative impact should not be under-estimated. This article concludes that the use of social networking sites gives the risk of the crime of cyber stalking. An analysis on the legislative framework in Malaysia in relation to the crime shows that there is lacuna in legal provisions pertaining to the issue.
Keywords: social networking sites, cyber stalking, crimes, Malaysian law

Inovasi dan kemajuan teknologi masa kini telah menghasilkan beberapa produk berasaskan web. Antaranya ialah laman rangkaian sosial yang sedang mendominasi penggunaan Internet dalam kalangan pengguna. Walaupun laman ini mampu menghubungkan persahabatan tanpa batasan dan merupakan alat komunikasi di dunia maya yang sangat efektif, kesan negatifnya juga tidak boleh dipandang ringan. Artikel ini membincangkan penggunaan laman rangkaian sosial dan risiko terhadap jenayah intipan siber (cyber stalking). Selain itu, bagaimana jenayah intipan siber berlaku turut dibincangkan. Akhir sekali kerangka perundangan di Malaysia berkaitan jenayah intipan siber diutarakan bagi menilai sama ada ia sudah memadai dalam menangani jenayah ini.
Kata kunci: Laman rangkaian sosial, intipan siber, jenayah, undang-undang Malaysia.
[The Wife's Obligation to Fulfill Inner Maintenance to Husband Who is Infected With Hiv / Aids: According to Islamic Family Law and Case Study] Kewajipan Isteri Menunaikan Nafkah Batin Kepada Suami yang Dijangkiti Hiv/ Aids: Menurut Undang-Undang Keluarg
Authors: Abu Bakar Md. Zawawi , Md. Zain Rajwani , Wan Abdullah Wan Ab Rahman Khudzri 
Published: March 2021

This paper aims to explain the dilemma that occurs in marital relationships. The issue of performing the external or internal maintenance obligation on the husband who has HIV / AIDS causes the wife to suffer. Thus, a qualitative study has been done to identify the dilemma that occurs in the relationship between husband and wife. Archival research methods such as the provisions of Islamic Family Law (UUKI), fiqh munakahat and case studies have been used. Interview methods were also performed to answer the objectives of the study. A total of 8 respondents, namely the wives of AIDS sufferers, were interviewed to obtain study data and the data was finally analyzed manually (QDA). The results show that there is discrimination against people living with HIV / AIDS (OHDHA) (wife) in the form of external and internal maintenance (husband and wife relationship). Even sadder, all respondents have been infected with HIV / AIDS as a result of intimate relationships with their husbands. The study finally concludes that OHDHA (wife) needs guidance and understanding of how to deal with the dilemma of performing duties as a wife and avoiding darar treatment from her partner (husband).
Keywords: UUKI, Obligation, Wife, nafkah, HIV/AIDS.
Makalah ini bertujuan menjelaskan dilema yang berlaku dalam hubungan suami isteri. Isu berkenaan melaksanakan kewajipan nafkah zahir atau batin terhadap suami yang menghidap HIV/AIDS menyebabkan isteri menderita. Justeru, satu kajian kualitatif telah dilakukan untuk mengenal pasti dilemma tersebut yang berlaku dalam hubungan suami isteri. Kaedah kajian arkib seperti peruntukan Undang-Undang Keluarga Islam (UUKI), fiqh munakahat dan kajian kes telah digunakan. Kaedah temubual juga telah dilakukan untuk menjawab objektif kajian. Responden seramai 8 orang iaitu isteri kepada penghidap AIDS telah ditemubual bagi mendapat data kajian dan data akhirnya dianalisis secara manual (QDA). Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa berlaku diskriminasi terhadap Orang Hidup Dengan HIV/AIDS (OHDHA) (isteri) iaitu dalam bentuk nafkah zahir dan batin (hubungan suami isteri). Lebih menyedihkan lagi semua responden telah dijangkiti HIV/AIDS hasil hubungan intim bersama suami. Kajian akhirnya menyimpulkan bahawa OHDHA (isteri) perlu kepada bimbingan dan pemahaman bagaimana menangani dilemma melaksanakan kewajipan sebagai isteri dan mengelakkan daripada perlakuan darar daripada pasangannya (suami).

Kata kunci: UUKI, kewajipan, isteri, nafkah, HIV/AIDS
[Moderation from The Perspective of The Karim Qur’an (A Linguistic Study)] Al-Wasit min Manzur al-Qur ‘an al-Karim
Authors: Ismail Muhammad Zaid 
Published: March 2021

The word ‘al-wasatiyyah’ (الوسطية) in the Qur’an, which literally means moderation, is considered among the words that are repeated in several places in the Qur’an and used in various linguistic contexts, either explicitly or implicitly. However, these contexts are not evident unless they are scrutinized attentively. Therefore, this research aims to identify several linguistic issues that bear the concept of ‘wasatiyyah’ (moderation) in the Qur’an by scrutinizing its linguistic textual contexts. This study uses descriptive and analytical approaches, relying on studies that have focused on the linguistic meaning of ‘wasatiyyah’. This study found that the word ‘وسط’ (moderate) was stated explicitly in the Qur’an in five places with different formations. The Qur’an also pointed to the concept of ‘wasatiyyah’ in different terms in accordance with the Qur’anic linguistic methodology. This study also suggests that understanding the Arabic language has a significant impact in reflecting on the right meanings of the word ‘wasatiyyah’ and in identifying its legitimate meaning because the knowledge of Arabic vocabulary and the comprehension of Arabic terms are necessary to understand different contexts of the Qur’anic texts. Therefore, exercising close attention in identifying linguistic meanings is a must in selecting legitimate terms to link between the two concepts (linguistic and terminological).

Keywords: moderation, Arabic, the Qur’an, linguistic issues

تعدّ الوسطية من الكلمات الواردة في القرآن الكريم في مواضع عديدة وسياقات لغوية متعددة تصريحًا وتلميحًا، وقد لا يظهر ذلك جليًّا إلا بالوقوف عليه؛ لذا يهدف هذا البحث إلى الوقوف على بعض القضايا اللغوية التي أشار إليها القرآن الكريم قاصدًا الوسطية من خلال سياقات نصوصه اللّغوية، واستخدم الباحثان المنهج الوصفي التّحليلي، معتمِدَيْن على الدّراسات العلميّة التي تمحورت حول المفهوم اللغوي للوسطية. وتوصل الباحثان إلى أن كلمة (وسط) وردت في القرآن الكريم تصريحًا في خمسة مواضع بتصاريفها المتعددة، وكما أشار إلى القرآن الكريم إلى مفهوم الوسطية بألفاظ أخرى تدلّ عليها وفق منهجية لغوية قرآنية واضحة البرهان، وأظهر البحث أنّ لفهم اللّغة العربية تأثيرًا كبيرًا في الوقوف على الدّلالات الصّحيحة للفظة "الوسطية" وتحديد مفهومها الشّرعي؛ لأنّ معرفة مفردات اللّغة العربية، واستيعاب دلالاتها ضرورية لمعرفة سياقات نصوص القرآن الكريم. وبناءً على ذلك يجب الاهتمام بتحديد المفاهيم اللّغوية عند تحديد المصطلحات الشّرعية للارتباط بين المفهومين (اللّغوي، والاصطلاحي).

مفاتيح الكلمات: الوسطية، اللغة العربية، القرآن الكريم، قضايا لغوية.
[Strategy of Tahfiz Al-Quran Excellence in Malaysia: A Literature Survey] Strategi Kecemerlangan Institusi Pendidikan Tahfiz Al-Quran Di Malaysia : Satu Tinjauan Literatur
Authors: Ismail Mohd Jamalil , Mohamad Sabri , Tengku Puji Tengku Intan Zarina , Yusof Nor Hafizi 
Published: March 2021

Until the year of 2014, about 13 units of State Tahfiz Al-Quran Institution (MTQN) offer a Diploma in Tahfiz Darul Quran, Department of Islamic Development Malaysia (JAKIM). Through this program, all students are able to obtain the Diploma in
Tahfiz Darul Quran offered by each MTQN. This article discusses the background of the development of Tahfiz Al-Quran Institution in Malaysia. The objective of this article is to review the strategies for tahfiz institution excellence in Malaysia. This is a qualitative research that uses the approach of literature research. The study had found that the excellence among the students in MTNP increased significantly. This is because MTNP has implemented various strategies of excellence that has been drawn up by its Executive Director. Therefore, these strategies need to be studied and applied by other MTQN in order to strengthen MTQN excellence in Malaysia.

Keywords: strategies, excellence, administration, education, tahfiz.

Sehingga tahun 2014, sebanyak 13 buah Maahad Tahfiz al-Quran negeri (MTQN) menawarkan program diploma tahfiz Darul Quran, Jabatan Kemajuan Islam Malaysia (JAKIM). Melalui program ini, semua pelajar di setiap MTQN boleh memperoleh diploma tahfiz Darul Quran. Artikel ini membahaskan isu kecemerlangan institusi pendidikan tahfiz di Malaysia. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk mengkaji strategi kecemerlangan institusi pendidikan tahfiz di Malaysia. Kajian ini berbentuk kualitatif dengan mengambil pendekatan kajian kepustakaan. Hasil sorotan literatur ini mendapati bahawa peranan pentadbir, proses pengajaran dan pembelajaran dan strategi kecemerlangan di institusi pendidikan tahfiz yang cemerlang perlu diperhalusi. Hal ini penting untuk dijadikan garis panduan kepada institusi pendidikan tahfiz di Malaysia bagi memperkasakan kecemerlangan pelajar diploma tahfiz al-Quran.

Kata kunci: strategi, kecemerlangan, pentadbir, pendidikan, tahfiz.
[Disagreement of Scholars' Views on The Biography of Imam Al-Shatibi] Perselisihan Pandangan Ulama Tentang Biografi Imam Al-Shatibi
Authors: Wan Mustapa Wan Mohd Al Hafiz , Mustapha Muhamad Hamidani , Mat Teh Kamarul Shukri 
Published: March 2021

This article aims to discuss about the differences between scholar's views on Imam al-Shatibi. These differences are divided into four parts: the origin of names, titles, sight defects, and migration to Egypt. These differences have led to misunderstanding among people about the real facts on Imam al-Shatibi. One of the factors that lead to this misunderstanding is attributed to some of the members of the al - Qur'an and al - Qiraat who are ignorant of this matter. This study will also present the answers to the differences so as to provide a complete explanation for this problem. This study is a qualitative study. Therefore, the findings are based on the documentation and investigation that has been analyzed using the text and content analysis methods. The findings suggest that the origin of the name of Imam al-Shatibi is closely related to heredity, language and marriage factors. The differences over his title were derived from several factors in the field of writing. The dispute over sight defects involves a period of time, while his migration factor to Egypt is not merely due to the pilgrimage.Keywords: Imam al-Shatibi, Qiraat Science, Qurra Biography, Imam Qiraat

Artikel ini bertujuan membincangkan tentang perselisihan pandangan ulama tentang Imam al-Shatibi. Perselisihan tersebut dibahagikan kepada empat bahagian, iaitu asal usul nama, gelaran, kecacatan penglihatan, dan penghijrahan ke Mesir. Perselisihan ini telah menimbulkan salah faham dalam kalangan masyarakat tentang perkara sebenar berkenaan Imam al-Shatibi. Antara faktor berlaku salah faham adalah berpunca daripada sebahagian ahli al-Quran dan al-Qiraat sendiri yang tidak arif tentang perkara tersebut. Kajian juga akan mengemukakan jawapan kepada perselisihan terbabit seterusnya memberi penjelasan yang tuntas bagi permasalahan ini. Kajian ini adalah merupakan kajian kualitatif. Dapatan kajian adalah bersumberkan dokumentasi dan persejarahan yang dianalisis menggunakan metode analisis teks dan kandungan. Hasil kajian mendapati asal usul nama Imam al-Shatibi ini berkait rapat dengan faktor keturunan, bahasa dan perkahwinan. Perselisihan tentang gelaran beliau pula didapati berpunca daripada beberapa faktor antaranya dalam bidang penulisan. Perselisihan berkenaan kecacatan penglihatan adalah melibatkan tempoh umur, manakala faktor penghijrahan beliau ke Mesir bukan semata-mata kerana ingin menunaikan haji.

Kata kunci: Imam al-Shatibi, Ilmu Qiraat, Biografi Qurra, Imam Qiraat
[The Law of Out-Of-Marriage Children to Become Prayer Priests] Hukum Anak Luar Nikah Menjadi Imam Solat
Authors: Mohd Zulkifli , Engku Ali Engku Muhammad Tajuddin , Hashim Jamalluddin , Bidin Asiah 
Published: March 2021

The position and status of illegitimate children have often become a discussion in society, including associating the legality of their acts, especially in the matter of worship. This article aims to explain the Islamic views on the status of an illegitimate child and the legality of congregational prayer led by them. Some writings and fatwas issued by authorities at the national and international level were analyzed. The results showed that an illegitimate child must be respected and treated as an independent human being. However, his status cannot be attributed to his biological father. The jurists also have consensus opinion that an illegitimate child can become an imam in a prayer if all the conditions and criteria have been met and if there is no other person who is eligible to lead the prayer. However, they have different views in situations where there is an illegitimate child with the other persons who is eligible to become an imam. Based on a comparative analysis on the jurists’ arguments, it is concluded that the opinion to allow the illegitimate child to become an imam is stronger and more suitable to be followed in the current society.
Keywords: Child Out of Wedlock, Illegitimate Child, Imam, Congregational Prayer, Biological Father

Kedudukan dan status anak luar nikah sering menjadi perbincangan dalam masyarakat termasuk mengaitkan kesahan tindakan mereka khususnya dalam perkara ibadat. Artikel ini bertujuan menghuraikan pandangan Islam terhadap status anak luar nikah dan hukum anak luar nikah menjadi imam solat berjemaah. Beberapa penulisan serta fatwa-fatwa yang dikeluarkan oleh pihak berkuasa fatwa di peringkat kebangsaan dan antarabangsa dirujuk dan dianalisis. Hasil kajian menunjukkan anak luar nikah tidak sah tarafnya dan tidak boleh dibinkan kepada bapa biologinya. Meskipun begitu, status mereka sebagai seorang manusia yang merdeka perlu dihormati dan dilayan sebagaimana manusia biasa. Para fuqaha juga telah sepakat mengharuskan anak luar nikah menjadi imam dalam sembahyang jika syarat dan kriteria seorang imam dapat dipenuhi serta sekiranya tiada orang lain yang sah tarafnya yang layak dan boleh menjadi imam. Jika ada bersama anak luar nikah tersebut orang lain yang sah tarafnya yang layak dan boleh menjadi imam, para fuqaha telah berbeza pendapat mengenai keharusan anak luar nikah menjadi imam. Hasil daripada perbandingan antara pendapat-pendapat fuqaha terdahulu, pendapat yang mengharuskannya lebih kuat dan lebih sesuai untuk diterima pakai dalam suasana semasa dan realiti masyarakat pada hari ini.
Kata kunci: Anak Luar Nikah, Anak Tidak Sah Taraf, Imam, Solat berjemaah, Bapa Biologi
[Level of Understanding and Practice of Reasonable Knowledge Among Unisza Students] Tahap Pemahaman dan Pengamalan Ilmu Mantik dalam Kalangan Mahasiswa UniSZA
Authors: Wahab Muhammad Rashidi , Azmi Mohd Faizul , Musa Razali , Shuhari Mohd Hasrul 
Published: March 2021

Ilmu Mantik or logic plays a significance role in building a systematic thinking. Thus, its able to be instrumens of reasoning in dialective theology. This research examined the level of understanding and practice of Ilmu Mantik among Usuluddin Department’s students of Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA). This research involved 124 respondents. In this study, the researcher conducts quantitative research and employs descriptive analysis. Findings illustrate that, the level of understanding toward Ilmu Mantik is high while the level of practice is low. This trend shows that the students have ability to understand the subject theoretically but fail in practical aspect of Ilmu Mantik. This article further recommends that revision on Ilmu Mantik’s syllabus to be more emphasize on practical aspect. This will encourage students to master and practice Ilmu Mantik in their daily intellectual life.

Keywords: Ilmu Mantik, Understand, Practice, UniSZA

Ilmu Mantik atau logik memainkan peranan penting dalam membina pemikiran yang sistematik. Oleh itu, ia dapat menjadi instrumen penghujahan dalam perdebatan kalam. Kajian ini meneliti tahap pemahaman dan amalan Ilmu Mantik dalam kalangan pelajar Pusat Pengajian Usuluddin, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA). Kajian ini melibatkan 124 orang responden. Dalam kajian ini, penyelidik menjalankan penyelidikan kuantitatif dan menggunakan analisis deskriptif. Penemuan menggambarkan bahawa, tahap pemahaman terhadap Ilmu Mantik adalah tinggi manakala tahap pengamalannya adalah rendah. Ini menunjukkan bahawa pelajar mempunyai keupayaan untuk memahami subjek secara teorinya tetapi gagal dalam aspek praktikalnya. Makalah ini seterusnya mencadangkan agar semakan pada sukatan pelajaran Ilmu Mantik lebih ditekankan kepada aspek praktikal. Ini akan menggalakkan pelajar menguasai dan mengamalkan Ilmu Mantik dalam kehidupan intelektual harian mereka.

Kata kunci: Ilmu Mantik, Pemahaman, Amalan, UniSZA
GOALS AND OBJECTIVES OF MODERN OPERATIONAL AND INVESTIGATIVE ACTIVITIES: PROBLEMS OF LEGISLATIVE REGULATION
Authors: Агарков Алексей Вячеславович , Капустин Кирилл Вячеславович 
Published: March 2021

Статья посвящена рассмотрению проблем соотношения закрепленных Федеральным законом от 12 августа 1995 г. № 144-ФЗ «Об оперативно-розыскной деятельности» целей и задач с рассматриваемой деятельностью различных правоохранительных органов. Проведя сравнительный анализ мнений авторитетных ученых оперативно-розыскной науки, авторы приходят к выводу о том, что цели и задачи современной оперативно-розыскной деятельности уже достаточно давно выходят за рамки борьбы с преступностью. Указанный тезис находит свое подтверждение и в изложенном в статье анализе федерального законодательства России, осуществляющего регулирование рассматриваемого направления деятельности. В рамках проведенного исследования авторы обращают внимание на имеющиеся коллизии между общими и частными задачами оперативно-розыскной деятельности, закрепленными нормативными правовыми актами федерального уровня, а также на отсутствие у законодателя единой позиции по употреблению в правовых нормах словосочетаний «оперативно-розыскной» и «оперативно-разыскной». Авторы приходят к выводу о необходимости внесения изменений в оперативно-розыскной закон в целях устранения имеющихся противоречий в законодательном регулировании оперативно-розыскной деятельности. Предложенная авторами норма оперативно-розыскного закона обладает оригинальностью и учитывает интересы всех органов, осуществляющих оперативно-розыскную деятельность
The article is devoted to the consideration of the problems of the relationship between the objectives and tasks established by Federal Law No. 144-ФЗ of 12 August 1995 «On Operational and Investigative Activities» and the activities of the various law enforcement agencies under consideration. Having conducted a comparative analysis of the opinions of authoritative scientists of operational and investigative science, the authors conclude that the goals and tasks of modern operational and investigative activities have long gone beyond the fight against crime. This thesis is also confirmed in the analysis of the federal legislation of the Russian Federation, which carries out legislative regulation of the area of activity under consideration, set out in the article. In the framework of the study, the authors draw attention to the existing conflicts between the general and private tasks of operational-search activities, established by the normative legal acts of the federal level, as well as to the absence of a unified position of the legislator on the use in legal norms of the phrases «operational and investigative» and «operational-search». The authors conclude that it is necessary to amend the investigation law in order to eliminate existing contradictions in the legislative regulation of investigation activities. The norm of operational and search law proposed by the authors has originality and takes into account the interests of all bodies carrying out operational and investigative activities.