bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute care utilization risk among older adults living undiagnosed or unaware of dementia
Authors: Amjad Halima , Samus Quincy M. , Huang Jin , Gundavarpu Sneha , Bynum Julie P. W. , Wolff Jennifer L. , Roth David L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundDementia is associated with increased risk of hospitalization and emergency department (ED) visits. Many persons with dementia are undiagnosed or unaware of their diagnosis, however. Our objective was to determine whether undiagnosed dementia or unawareness affects risk of hospitalization or ED visits.MethodsRetrospective longitudinal cohort study of 3537 community‐living adults age ≥65 enrolled in the 2011–2017 National Health and Aging Trends Study with linked fee‐for‐service Medicare claims. Using self or proxy reported diagnosis, proxy dementia screening questionnaire, cognitive testing, and Medicare claims diagnosis, participants were classified as having (1) no dementia or dementia, for which they were classified as (2) undiagnosed, (3) diagnosed but unaware, or (4) diagnosed and aware. Proportional hazards models evaluated all‐cause and potentially preventable hospitalization and ED visit risk by time‐varying dementia status, adjusting for older adult characteristics.ResultsMost participants (n = 2879) had no dementia at baseline. Among participants with dementia at baseline (n = 658), 187 were undiagnosed, 300 diagnosed but unaware, and 171 diagnosed and aware. In multivariable adjusted proportional hazards models, persons with undiagnosed dementia had lower risk of hospitalization and ED visits compared to persons diagnosed and aware (all‐cause hospitalization aHR 0.59 [0.44, 0.79] and ED visit aHR 0.63 [0.47, 0.85]) and similar risks of these outcomes compared to persons without dementia. Individuals diagnosed but unaware had greater risk compared to those without dementia: aHR 1.37 (1.18, 1.59) for all‐cause hospitalization and 1.48 (1.28, 1.71) for ED visits; they experienced risk comparable to individuals diagnosed and aware.ConclusionOlder adults with undiagnosed dementia are not at increased risk of acute care utilization after accounting for differences in other characteristics. Individuals unaware of diagnosed dementia demonstrate risk similar to individuals aware of the diagnosis. Increasing diagnosis alone may not affect acute care utilization. The role of awareness warrants further investigation.
Spatial phylogenetics of the Chinese angiosperm flora provides insights into endemism and conservation
Authors: Zhang Xiao‐Xia , Ye Jian‐Fei , Laffan Shawn W. , Mishler Brent D. , Thornhill Andrew H. , Lu Li‐Min , Mao Ling‐Feng , Liu Bing , Chen You‐Hua , Lu An‐Ming , Miller Joseph T. , Chen Zhi‐Duan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe flora of China is well known for its high diversity and endemism. Identifying centers of endemism and designating conservation priorities are essential goals for biodiversity studies. However, there is no comprehensive study from a rigorous phylogenetic perspective to understand patterns of diversity and endemism and to guide biodiversity conservation in China. We conducted a spatial phylogenetic analysis of the Chinese angiosperm flora at the generic level to identify centers of neo‐ and paleo‐endemism. Our results indicate that: (i) the majority of grid cells in China with significantly high phylogenetic endemism (PE) were located in the mountainous regions; (ii) four of the nine centers of endemism recognized, located in northern and western China, were recognized for the first time; (iii) arid and semiarid regions in Northwest China were commonly linked to significant PE, consistent with other spatial phylogenetic studies worldwide; and (iv) six high‐priority conservation gaps were detected by overlaying the boundaries of China's nature reserves on all significant PE cells. Overall, we conclude that the mountains of southern and northern China contain both paleo‐endemics (ancient relictual lineages) and neo‐endemics (recently diverged lineages). The areas we highlight as conservation priorities are important for broad‐scale planning, especially in the context of evolutionary history preservation.
Normal structure and pathological features in peripheral neuropathies
Authors: Hoke Ahmet , Cerri Federica , Fisgin Aysel , Riva Nilo , Quattrini Angelo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNormal nerve architecture is basic to a complete understanding of nerve pathology. Here, normal components of the nerve are illustrated, including myelinated and non‐myelinated nerve fibres, stromal elements, and vascular components. These are relevant because the differential diagnosis of neuropathy depends on the pathological processes affecting axon, myelin, interstitial space, and blood vessels. Thus, we present a description of the general pathological characteristics for the diagnosis of peripheral nerve disorders.
Techniques for the standard histological and ultrastructural assessment of nerve biopsies
Authors: Weis Joachim , Katona Istvan , Nikolin Stefan , Nobbio Lucilla , Prada Valeria , Grandis Marina , Schenone Angelo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIt is always a challenge to acquire a clear picture of the pathological processes and changes in any disease. For this purpose, it is advantageous to directly examine the affected organ. Nerve biopsy has been a method of choice for decades to classify peripheral neuropathies and to find clues to uncover their etiology. The histologic examination of the peripheral nerve provides information on axonal or myelin pathology as well as on the surrounding connective tissue and vascularization of the nerve. Minimal requirements of the workup include paraffin histology as well as resin semithin section histology. Cryostat sections, teased fiber preparations and electron microscopy are potentially useful in a subset of cases. Here we describe our standard procedures for the workup of the tissue sample and provide examples of diagnostically relevant findings.
Communication strategies for nursing research with older adults diagnosed with schizophrenia using life course theory
Authors: Walker Verónica García 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposeTo explore effective communication strategies that may be used to promote efficacious research with older adults diagnosed with schizophrenia.DesignA theoretical framework of Life Course Theory was used to examine the problems of communicating in research settings with older adults diagnosed with schizophrenia and present potential effective solutions to these problems.MethodsUsing Life Course Theory as an underpinning, a literature review was conducted regarding communication strategies/methods commonly used in psychiatric nursing. This paper deductively presents how these strategies/methods could theoretically improve nursing research with older adults diagnosed with schizophrenia.ResultsFour main potential effective strategies for communication with older adults diagnosed with schizophrenia in nursing research were identified which were (1) giving space; (2) shortened intervals; (3) the use of simple, meaningful phrases; and (4) showing engagement.ConclusionsOlder adults diagnosed with schizophrenia may be given more opportunities to share their input regarding their perceptions and valuable input regarding health care systems if these effective strategies of communication are used when conducting nursing research.Clinical relevanceThere is a need to gain more information regarding the perceptions of older adults diagnosed with schizophrenia as they are living longer and are entering into a health care system that is often at a quandary as to how to best care for them. The strategies delineated in this paper are part of an ongoing project to co‐develop a model with older adults diagnosed with schizophrenia specifically tailored to improve their health outcomes and quality of life.
Trust crisis: New frontline nurse managers’ ethical experience in their units
Authors: Cao Lina , Bian Junping , Xiao Juan , Jia Yuxiu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposeTo explore the ethical experiences of new nurse managers when working at their units and propose response strategies accordingly.Design and methodsA qualitative approach was taken at a Grade 3A hospital in Shandong, China. Data were collected via semi‐structured long interviews and analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. A total of 19 new frontline nurse managers participated in the study.FindingsThe sample consisted of 17 females and two males, with an age range of 40.11 ± 2.71 years and each worked in a variety of units. Trust crisis, tests on capability, and conflicts with the administration were the main ethical issues of new nurse managers, and trust crisis was the most common, especially with nurses in the unit. Eleven subthemes were also involved in these three themes.ConclusionsNew nurse managers encountered a variety of ethical conflicts and dilemmas in their first year. They should enhance their leadership to cope with the issues, and policy support at the hospital level is also needed.Clinical relevanceSenior hospital managers could use these findings to design interventions that might solve new frontline nurse managers’ ethical issues. And medical staff might understand the ethical experiences of new nurse managers and support them in the most critical period of role transition. Findings are conducted in the hope of facilitating new nurse managers to quickly settle into the new position, establishing a good relationship with physicians and patients and improving the quality of nursing services.
The mediating effect of workplace incivility on organization culture in South Korea: A descriptive correlational analysis of the turnover intention of nurses
Authors: Lee Yoon Heui , Lee Jumi , Lee Soo‐Kyoung 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to understand the mediating effect of workplace incivility on the relationship between nursing organizational culture and turnover intention among nurses.DesignA descriptive survey was used to collect data. The participants were 170 nurses with more than six months of clinical experience at university hospitals or hospitals with over 500 beds in South Korea.MethodsData were collected using self‐report questionnaires. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t‐test, ANOVA, Scheffé test, and Pearson's correlation. Baron and Kenny's three‐step hierarchical regression analysis and the Sobel test were used to determine the mediating effect of workplace incivility on the relationship between nursing organizational culture and nurses’ turnover intention.ResultsThis study found a full mediating effect of workplace incivility on the association between relationship‐oriented culture and turnover intention (Z = −3.02, p = 0.003) and a partial mediating effect of workplace incivility on the association between hierarchy‐oriented culture and turnover intention (Z = 2.36, p = 0.018).ConclusionThis study empirically confirmed that nursing organizational culture and workplace incivility directly or indirectly influenced turnover intention, which highlights the seriousness of workplace incivility.Clinical relevanceThis study suggests that there is a need to establish a concrete strategy to avoid a hierarchy‐oriented culture and create a relationship‐oriented culture. It is important to develop a variety of intervention programs to reduce workplace incivility in order to prevent nurses’ turnover.
Consumers' knowledge of cashless payments: Development, validation, and usability of a measurement scale
Authors: Cwynar Andrzej , Świecka Beata , Filipek Kamil , Porzak Robert 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe global digital shift, recently accelerated by the COVID‐19 pandemic, requires that consumers have knowledge allowing them to navigate increasingly cashless markets safely and effectively. To enable valid and reliable measurement of such knowledge, we used data obtained from a random sample of adult Poles to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties and applicability of an original cashless payments knowledge scale (CPK scale). Our analyses based on Item Response Theory show that some evident subdomains exist within the CPK construct. The separate dimensions of the CPK merge into a coherent scale with solid psychometric properties. We find that the CPK score depends on the place of residence, education, and household size, and is positively related to safe cashless behavior. Our findings may have important implications for financial institutions as well as policymakers interested in segmenting consumers in terms of their financial knowledge, potential risks resulting from deficits in this knowledge, and enhancing financial literacy.
Considerations on zero‐degree cellulite
Authors: Hexsel Doris , Valente Bezerra Indira , Mosena Gabriela , Hexsel Camile 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCellulite affects almost all women, and it is characterized by surface relief alterations, mainly located on the thighs and buttocks, and other areas. Whereas depressed lesions occur due to the presence of thick subcutaneous fibrous septa that pull the skin surface down, raised areas result from the projection of underlying fat to the skin surface. We support that the absence of cellulite can be defined as the ideal balance between the mechanical forces that act between the subcutaneous structures, such as fat and fibrous septa and muscles, and the overlying skin.
Egg enrichment with n‐3 fatty acids in farmed hens in sub‐optimum temperature: A cold‐temperament additive mix alleviates adverse effects of stress on performance and health
Authors: Hosseini Hossein , Esmaeili Noah , Zare Mahyar , Rombenso Artur 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAt some stage, laying hen farming is likely to be subjected to sub‐optimum temperatures (SOTem) due to climate change. While egg enrichment with n‐3 fatty acids is a common practice in the poultry industry, in SOTem it has been less investigated. This study tested the effects of egg enrichment through extruded flaxseed (FLX) (180 g/kg) alone or along with hulled‐soaked barley (H‐SB) (170 g/kg), namely FLBA, with and without a cold‐temperament additive mix (CTA) (25 g/kg: 5 g/kg flixweed (Descurainia sophia), 10 g/kg dried herb‐extraction residues from pussy willow (Salix aegyptiaca) and 10 g/kg dried lemon (Citrus limon) residue) in two temperatures (20°C and SOTem: 27°C) on egg performance, yolk fatty acids, lipid components, blood biochemistry, serological enzymes, antioxidant and immune system of Hy‐Line W‐36 53‐week‐old for 9 weeks. Two hundred seventy layers were randomly distributed to nine treatments, resulting in six replicates with five hens. Hens fed flaxseed diets, regardless of temperature or CTA, had higher levels of n‐3 fatty acids in yolks than others. Temperature negatively influenced feed intake and egg production. FLX + H27 and FLBA + H27 groups outperformed the other groups regarding cholesterol in yolk (10.1, 10.3 mg/g yolk), high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) (5.19, 4.93 mg/g yolk), total protein (FLX + H27: 6.82 mg/dl), HDL in the blood (FLBA + H27:83.8 mg/dl), superoxide dismutase (FLBA + H27:90.4 U/ml), glutathione reductase (FLBA + H27: 1042.1 U/ml), glutathione peroxidase (FLX + H27: 1149.7 U/ml) and catalase (FLBA + H27: 12.5 U/ml). Total antibody, immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M after 42 days were significantly higher in chicks fed CTA‐added diets (p < 0.05). Replacing corn and soya bean meal with H‐SB did not negatively change the above‐mentioned factors. Our findings collectively suggest that egg enrichment with n‐3 fatty acids through dietary FLBA + H27 (180 g/kg flaxseed, 170 g/kg H‐SB, and 25 g/kg CTA) in SOtem is suggested without any adverse impacts.
Differential regulation of NPY and SP receptor expression in STRO‐1+ve PDLSCs by inflammatory cytokines
Authors: Winning Lewis , El Karim Ikhlas A. , Linden Gerard J. , Irwin Christopher R. , Killough Simon A. , Lundy Fionnuala T. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe aims of this study were to investigate neuropeptide receptor expression regulation on STRO‐1 +ve periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) in response to inflammatory cytokines and to investigate a potential osteogenic effect of neuropeptides.BackgroundNerve fibres innervating the periodontal tissues in humans contain several neuropeptides including neuropeptide Y and substance P. The role of neuropeptide receptors on PDLSCs, including their response to the local inflammatory environment of periodontitis, is currently unknown.MethodsA homogenous population of STRO‐1 +ve PDLSCs was prepared by immunomagnetic separation of cells obtained by the tissue out‐growth method from healthy premolar teeth from a single donor. Regulation of gene expression of the neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor and substance P receptor tachykinin receptor 1 was investigated. A potential osteogenic effect of neuropeptide Y and substance P was also investigated by measuring alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, Alizarin red staining and quantifying osteogenic gene expression.ResultsTreatment of STRO‐1 +ve PDLSCs with tumour necrosis factor‐alpha or interleukin 1‐beta up‐regulated the expression of the neuropeptide Y’s Y1 receptor, but down‐regulated substance P’s receptor. Significantly increased ALP activity was observed in STRO‐1 +ve PDLSCs treated with neuropeptide Y but not substance P. Further studies showed that neuropeptide Y had a modest osteogenic effect on cells at both a functional level and a gene level.ConclusionsExpression of the neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor gene on STRO‐1 +ve PDLSCs was sensitive to local inflammatory cytokines. Treatment of cells with neuropeptide Y was found to produce a modest enhanced osteogenic effect.
Early positive biodiversity effects on total biomass in experimental tree seedling assemblages with and without water limitation
Authors: Bastias Cristina C. , Carvalho Bárbara , Matesanz Silvia , de la Cruz‐Amo Lydia , Bravo‐Oviedo Andrés , Violle Cyrille , Valladares Fernando , Benavides Raquel 
Published: November 2021

AbstractQuestionsWhile positive effects of tree diversity on tree community biomass have often been reported in mature stands, the debate on whether diversity effects may be detectable at the seedling level persists, with opposing outcomes found so far. We still lack a comprehensive evaluation of the biodiversity effects (so‐called ‘complementarity’ and ‘selection’ effects), as well as the phenotypic drivers at play, underlying early‐community biomass. Even less is known about whether such biodiversity effects may change under water‐limited conditions.LocationSeeds from four tree species coexisting in a Mediterranean forest (Spain).MethodsWe built experimental tree seedling assemblages with three diversity levels — monocultures, two‐species and four‐species mixtures — and under two soil moisture conditions. We quantified the extent to which species richness, species identity, community‐weighted mean (CWM) and functional dissimilarity (FD) influence complementarity and selection effects. We computed CWM and FD for seven functional traits related to water and light acquisition; and we calculated the complementarity and selection effects from above‐ and below‐ground biomass measures at the community level.ResultsOur results showed that complementarity drove the greater biomass in more diverse assemblages at the seedling stage. This pattern was largely favored by a particular species, Quercus faginea, with distinct phenotypic traits (great height, lateral ramification and root biomass with high dry matter content), which induced a positive effect of CWM on community biomass. Moreover, our study showed that the water deficit limited the production of above‐ground biomass without interacting with the community’s species richness.ConclusionOur study provides evidence that positive biodiversity effects on community biomass occur early, at the seedling stage, and it highlights the essential role that certain tree species play from their initial development stages by favoring spatial resource partitioning. Our work motivates future studies to apply integrated approaches in assessing both the community‐wide and species‐specific effects to understand the biodiversity–biomass relationship.
Genetic divergence and local adaptation of Liriodendron driven by heterogeneous environments
Authors: Shen Yufang , Xia Hui , Tu Zhonghua , Zong Yaxian , Yang Lichun , Li Huogen 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEcological adaptive differentiation alters both the species diversity and intraspecific genetic diversity in forests, thus affecting the stability of forest ecosystems. Therefore, knowledge of the genetic underpinnings of the ecological adaptive differentiation of forest species is critical for effective species conservation. In this study, single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from population transcriptomes were used to investigate the spatial distribution of genetic variation in Liriodendron to assess whether environmental variables can explain genetic divergence. We examined the contributions of environmental variables to population divergence and explored the genetic underpinnings of local adaptation using a landscape genomic approach. Niche models and statistical analyses showed significant niche divergence between L. chinense and L. tulipifera, suggesting that ecological adaptation may play a crucial role in driving interspecific divergence. We detected a new fine‐scale genetic structure in L. chinense, and divergence of the six groups occurred during the late Pliocene to early Pleistocene. Redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed significant associations between genetic variation and multiple environmental variables. Environmental association analyses identified 67 environmental association loci (EALs; nonsynonymous SNPs) that underwent interspecific or intraspecific differentiation, 28 of which were associated with adaptive genes. These 28 candidate adaptive loci provide substantial evidence for local adaptation in Liriodendron. Our findings reveal ecological adaptive divergence pattern between Liriodendron species and provide novel insight into the role of heterogeneous environments in shaping genetic structure and driving local adaptation among populations, informing future L. chinense conservation efforts.
The IbBBX24–IbTOE3–IbPRX17 module enhances abiotic stress tolerance by scavenging reactive oxygen species in sweet potato
Authors: Zhang Huan , Wang Zhen , Li Xu , Gao Xiaoru , Dai Zhuoru , Cui Yufei , Zhi Yuhai , Liu Qingchang , Zhai Hong , Gao Shaopei , Zhao Ning , He Shaozhen 
Published: November 2021

Summary

Soil salinity and drought limit sweet potato yield. Scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by peroxidases (PRXs) is essential during plant stress responses, but how PRX expression is regulated under abiotic stress is not well understood.

Here, we report that the B‐box (BBX) family transcription factor IbBBX24 activates the expression of the class III peroxidase gene IbPRX17 by binding to its promoter. Overexpression of IbBBX24 and IbPRX17 significantly improved the tolerance of sweet potato to salt and drought stresses, whereas reducing IbBBX24 expression increased their susceptibility. Under abiotic stress, IbBBX24‐ and IbPRX17‐overexpression lines showed higher peroxidase activity and lower H2O2 accumulation compared with the wild‐type. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that IbBBX24 modulates the expression of genes encoding ROS scavenging enzymes, including PRXs.

Moreover, interaction between IbBBX24 and the APETALA2 (AP2) protein IbTOE3 enhances the ability of IbBBX24 to activate IbPRX17 transcription. Overexpression of IbTOE3 improved the tolerance of tobacco plants to salt and drought stresses by scavenging ROS.

Together, our findings elucidate the mechanism underlying the IbBBX24–IbTOE3–IbPRX17 module in response to abiotic stress in sweet potato and identify candidate genes for developing elite crop varieties with enhanced abiotic stress tolerance.