bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systems pharmacology and transcriptomics reveal the mechanisms of Sanhuang decoction enema in the treatment of ulcerative colitis with additional Candida albicans infection
Authors: Han Zhijun , Tan Xiaofen , Sun Juan , Wang Tianming , Yan Guiming , Wang Changzhong , Ma Kelong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundUlcerative colitis (UC) is an important inflammatory phenotype in bowel disease (IBD), which is caused by multiple potential factors, including fungal dysbiosis.Candida albicans(C. albicans) was confirmed to be an important factor promoting the occurrence and development of UC. Sanhuang decoction (SHD) has been used for UC therapy in China for thousand of years, although its core active constituents and pharmacological mechanism remain undefined.MethodsIn this work, a murine model of UC withC. albicanscolonization was established with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) andC. albicansintragastric administration. The major bioactive constituents and potential mechanism of SHD against UC with fungal dysbiosis were comprehensively examined by combining systems pharmacology and in vivo transcriptomics.ResultsSHD attenuatedC. albicans burden, reduced DAI, increased mucosal integrity and relived systemic inflammation in UC mice. Systems pharmacology analysis identified 9 core bioactive ingredients and 45 hub targets of SHD against UC. Transcriptomics analysis confirmed 370 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) after SHD treatment, which were mainly enriched in inflammatory and immune response related signaling pathways. Toll-like receptor and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway were screened out as the candidate targets involved in the action of SHD on fungal dysbiosis-associated UC, which were consistent with the findings in systems pharmacology. The expression of TLR4, IL-1β, NF-κB, PI3K and Akt proteins were stimulated byC. albicans, and partially reversed by SHD in UC mice.ConclusionThese findings suggested SHD could be a candidate for the treatment of fungal dysbiosis-associated UC via TLR4-NF-κB and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways.
Herbal formula Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu decoction attenuates paclitaxel-related neurotoxicity via inhibition of inflammation and oxidative stress
Authors: Lv Zhangming , Shen Jiayun , Gao Xuejiao , Ruan Yonglan , Ling Jinying , Sun Rongwei , Dai Jingya , Fan Haizhen , Cheng Xiaolan , Cao Peng 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy (PIPN) is a challenging clinical problem during chemotherapy. Our previous work found that herbal formula Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu decoction (HGWD) could reduce oxaliplatin-induced neurotoxicity. However, its effect on PIPN remains unknown. In this study, we aim to investigate the therapeutic effect and the underlying mechanisms of HGWD against PIPN with pharmacological experiment and network pharmacology.

Methods
Male Wistar rats were used to establish an animal model of PIPN and treated with different doses of HGWD for 3 weeks. Mechanical allodynia, thermal hyperalgesia and body weight were measured to evaluate the therapeutic effect of HGWD on PIPN rats. On the day of the sacrifice, blood, DRGs, sciatic nerve, and hind-paw intra-plantar skins were collected to assess neuroprotective effect of HGWD on PIPN. Next, network pharmacology was performed to decipher the potential active components and molecular mechanisms of HGWD, as were further verified by western blotting analyses in PIPN rats. Finally, the effect of HGWD on the chemotherapeutic activity of paclitaxel was evaluated in vitro and in vivo.

Results
In rats with PIPN, HGWD reversed mechanical allodynia, thermal hyperalgesia, and ameliorated neuronal damage. Moreover, HGWD significantly increased the level of nerve growth factor, dramatically reduced IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α levels and oxidative stress. Network pharmacology analysis revealed 30 active ingredients in HGWD and 158 candidate targets. Integrated pathway analysis identified PI3K/Akt and toll-like receptor as two main pathways responsible for the neuroprotective effect of HGWD. Further experimental validation demonstrated that HGWD expectedly inhibited the protein expression of TLR4, MyD88, IKKα, and p-NF-κB, and promoted PI3K, p-Akt, Nrf2, and HO-1 level in dorsal root ganglia. Last but not least, HGWD did not interfere with the antitumor activity of paclitaxel both in in vitro and in vivo models.

Conclusion
These combined data showed that HGWD could inhibit paclitaxel-evoked inflammatory and oxidative responses in peripheral nervous system viaTLR4/NF-κB and PI3K/Akt-Nrf2 pathways involvement. The neuroprotective property of HGWD on PIPN provides fundamental support to the potential application of HGWD for counteracting the side effects of paclitaxel during chemotherapy.
Effectiveness of an interactive web-based health program for adults: a study protocol for three concurrent controlled-randomized trials (EVA-TK-Coach)
Authors: Tinsel Iris , Metzner Gloria , Schlett Christian , Sehlbrede Matthias , Bischoff Martina , Anger Robin , Brame Judith , König Daniel , Wurst Ramona , Fuchs Reinhard , Lindinger Peter , Bredenkamp Rainer , Farin-Glattacker Erik 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
A healthy lifestyle can help prevent diseases that impair quality of life and lead to premature death. The Techniker health insurance fund offers a comprehensive online health program to support users in achieving their health goals of Increasing Fitness, Losing and Maintaining Weight, or Smoking Cessation.

Methods
The aim of this study is to test the long-term effectiveness of the web-based TK-HealthCoach with regard to the primary outcomes of increased physical activity, sustainable weight reduction, and smoking abstinence. We are conducting three interconnected, randomized controlled trials (RCT), one for each health goal, within which participants are allocated to an intervention group (interactive online health program) or a control group (non-interactive online health program).
The effects of the intervention groups compared to the control groups will be analyzed by multi-level models for change. Participants’ data are captured via online questionnaires before the program starts (baseline t0), again when it ends (t1), and later at two follow-up surveys (t2 and t3); the latter 12 months after t1. We are documenting socio-demographic, health-related, and psychological variables as well as usage behavior data of the programs.
According to our sample size calculation, we have to enroll 1114 participants in each Losing and Maintaining Weight and Increasing Fitness RCT and 339 participants in the Smoking Cessation RCT. Additionally, 15–20 participants in the interactive smoking-cessation program will be invited to qualitative telephone interviews with the aim to obtain detailed information concerning utilization, compliance, and satisfaction.
The online RCTs’ inclusion criteria are: adults of each gender regardless of whether they are insured with Techniker health insurance fund. Persons with impairments or pre-existing conditions require a medical assessment as to whether the program is suitable for them. Specific exclusion criteria apply to each program/RCT.

Discussion
We assume that study participants will improve their health behavior by using the offered online health programs and that each health goal’s intervention group will reveal advantages regarding the outcome variables compared to the control groups. Study enrollment started on January 1, 2020.

Trial registration
German Clinical Trials Register, Universal Trial Number (UTN): U1111-1245-0273. Registered on 11 December 2019
Differential expression of calcium-dependent protein kinase 4, tubulin tyrosine ligase, and methyltransferase by xanthurenic acid-induced Babesia bovis sexual stages
Authors: Hussein Hala E. , Johnson Wendell C. , Taus Naomi S. , Capelli-Peixoto Janaina , Suarez Carlos E. , Mousel Michelle R. , Ueti Massaro W. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Babesia bovis is one of the most significant tick-transmitted pathogens of cattle worldwide. Babesia bovis parasites have a complex lifecycle, including development within the mammalian host and tick vector. Each life stage has developmental forms that differ in morphology and metabolism. Differentiation between these forms is highly regulated in response to changes in the parasite’s environment. Understanding the mechanisms by which Babesia parasites respond to environmental changes and the transmission cycle through the biological vector is critically important for developing bovine babesiosis control strategies.

Results
In this study, we induced B. bovis sexual stages in vitro using xanthurenic acid and documented changes in morphology and gene expression. In vitro induced B. bovis sexual stages displayed distinctive protrusive structures and surface ruffles. We also demonstrated the upregulation of B. bovis calcium-dependent protein kinase 4 (cdpk4), tubulin-tyrosine ligase (ttl), and methyltransferase (mt) genes by in vitro induced sexual stages and during parasite development within tick midguts.

Conclusions
Similar to other apicomplexan parasites, it is likely that B. bovis upregulated genes play a vital role in sexual reproduction and parasite transmission. Herein, we document the upregulation of cdpk4, ttl, and mt genes by both B. bovis in vitro induced sexual stages and parasites developing in the tick vector. Understanding the parasite's biology and identifying target genes essential for sexual reproduction will enable the production of non-transmissible live vaccines to control bovine babesiosis.

Graphical abstract
Cystic pancreatic lesions: MR imaging findings and management
Authors: Morana Giovanni , Ciet Pierluigi , Venturini Silvia 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCystic pancreatic lesions (CPLs) are frequently casual findings in radiological examinations performed for other reasons in patients with unrelated symptoms. As they require different management according to their histological nature, differential diagnosis is essential. Radiologist plays a key role in the diagnosis and management of these lesions as imaging is able to correctly characterize most of them and thus address to a correct management. The first step for a correct characterization is to look for a communication between the CPLs and the main pancreatic duct, and then, it is essential to evaluate the morphology of the lesions. Age, sex and a history of previous pancreatic pathologies are important information to be used in the differential diagnosis. As some CPLs with different pathologic backgrounds can show the same morphological findings, differential diagnosis can be difficult, and thus, the final diagnosis can require other techniques, such as endoscopic ultrasound, endoscopic ultrasound-fine needle aspiration and endoscopic ultrasound-through the needle biopsy, and multidisciplinary management is important for a correct management.
Physicochemical and microbiological evaluation of antioxidant-rich traditional black carrot beverage: Kanji
Authors: Sharma Chetna , Sahota Param Pal , Kaur Sarabjit 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundDaucus carotasubsp.sativus(Black carrots) are underutilized in context to their nutritional properties. In this study, Kanji, a naturally fermented probiotic beverage, was prepared usingDaucus carotasubsp.sativus(var.Punjab Black Beauty). Analysis of the physicochemical and microbiological profile of the naturally fermented Kanji was investigated to boost its utilization for commercial purpose.ResultsThe physicochemical parameters observed in the fermented Kanji beverage were pH 3.47, total soluble solids 3°B, lactic acid 0.99%, total sugars 36.32 mg/mL, total reducing sugars 27.16 mg/mL, flavonoids 38.14 mg/mL, phenols 40.8 mg/mL, antioxidant activity 79.96% and ascorbic acid 110 mg/100 mL. The microbiological analysis revealed an exponential increase in lactic acid bacterial count from 3.96 to 8.33 log CFU/mL. Out of 11 bacterial strains isolated from Kanji, the bacterial strain with high growth potential was genotypically characterized asPediococcus acidilacticiwith accession number MK028218.ConclusionThe lactic acid bacterial Kanji beverage was characterized as a potential plant-based probiotic with high antioxidant activity. This functional autochthonous starter from the Kanji can be used for selective fermentation of black carrots for Kanji ascertaining its microbiological safety, unique flavor and aroma, and consumption as a commercial non-dairy-based probiotic beverage.
Effect of Clinical Trial Participation on Costs to Payers in Metastatic Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Merkhofer Cristina , Chennupati Shasank , Sun Qin , Eaton Keith D. , Martins Renato G. , Ramsey Scott D. , Goulart Bernardo H. L. 
Published: August 2021

PURPOSE: The costs associated with clinical trial enrollment remain uncertain. We hypothesized that trial participation is associated with decreased total direct medical costs to health care payers in metastatic non–small-cell lung cancer. METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, we linked clinical data from electronic medical records to sociodemographic data from a cancer registry and claims data from Medicare and two private insurance plans. We used a difference-in-difference analysis to estimate mean per patient per month total direct medical costs for patients enrolled on a second-line (2L) trial versus patients receiving standard-of-care 2L systemic therapy. RESULTS: Among 70 eligible patients, the difference-in-difference of mean per patient per month total direct medical costs between 2L trial participants and nonparticipants was –$6,663 ( P = .01), for a mean savings of $45,308 per patient for the duration of 2L trial therapy. In a secondary analysis by primary insurance payer, this difference-in-difference was –$5,526 ( P = .26) for patients with commercial insurance and –$7,432 ( P = .01) for patients with Medicare. CONCLUSION: Participation in a 2L trial was associated with a $6,663 per month cost savings to health care payers for the duration of trial participation. Further studies are necessary to elucidate differences in cost savings from trial participation for Medicare and commercial payers. If confirmed, these results support health care payer investment in programs to improve clinical trial access and enrollment.
TRADISI KEPUNGAN TUMPENG TAWON DESA MANGUNWENI KECAMATAN AYAH KABUPATEN KEBUMEN: KAJIAN FOLKLOR
Authors: Sulastri Yosi , Apriyani Tristanti 
Published: August 2021

This research is motivated by the existence of oral literature on the tradition of the tumpeng wasp siege that has not been documented in Mangunweni Village, Ayah District, Kebumen Regency. Oral literature has information that can be utilized by the public. Through documentation, this information can be opened and used so that the objectives of describing oral literature, deciphering the value of oral literature, and identifying the function of oral literature can be achieved. The theory used in this research is the theory of the function of folklore by William R. Bascom and the theory of folklore proposed by Ruth Finnegan that oral literature has value in the phenomenon of human culture.The formal object of this research is the form, function, and value of oral literature. The material object in this study is oral literature in the tradition of the tumpeng wasp siege of the people of Mangunweni Village, Ayah District, Kebumen Regency. The analysis technique used is qualitative data analysis conducted by induction.The results obtained from this study are: 1) the oral literature of the tumpeng tawonsiege tradition is a type of oral tradition in the form of myths and folk beliefs; 2) the values contained in the tumpeng wasp siege tradition consist of divine values, harmony between humans, equality between humans, diversity, sincerity, unyielding, usefulness to others, and concern in achieving goals; 3) the tumpeng wasp siege tradition has a function as a projection system, as a tool for ratifying cultural institutions and institutions, as an educational tool (pedagogical device), and as a coercive and supervisory tool so that community norms will always be obeyed by members.
Needle decompression in tension pneumothorax: anterior or lateral approach?
Authors: Kilgour Ian , Baxter John 
Published: August 2021

Background: For tension pneumothorax, the UK recommendation is to use a 14 g, 5 cm cannula to decompress the chest. Advice around site selection differs between using the second intercostal space (ICS) mid-clavicular line or the fifth ICS near the mid-axillary line. The aim of this literature review is to determine the best approach for needle decompression using a standard 14 g, 5 cm cannula. Methods: A systematic search of multiple databases was conducted, using inclusion and exclusion criteria. Outcomes were tabulated to identify any trends between various criteria including success with a 5 cm cannula. Results: Thirty-one studies were found, of which four were included. Mean chest wall thickness was 35.8 mm at the anterior site and 39.7 mm at the lateral site. Overall success rates with a 5 cm catheter were on average 79.7% at the anterior and 80% at the lateral position. Conclusion: There is no significant difference in success between using the anterior or the lateral approach for needle decompression.
Training to improve responder attitudes and knowledge of opioid overdose
Authors: Thomas Matthew , Brady Laura , Wozniak Monika , Terranova Elizabeth , Moore Cheryll , Kahn Linda S 
Published: August 2021

Background: Opioid use is a major public health issue and opioid overdose requires rapid response with naloxone. Aims: This study assesses the impact of a training session on the knowledge and attitudes of first responders and members of the community regarding opioid overdose recognition and naloxone use. Methods: A training session was delivered to 2327 participants between July 2019 and March 2020. The study used a paired, pre-/post-analysis to quantify changes. Findings: Nearly all (99.7%) participants completed a survey before and after training. Statistically significant improvements were observed in nearly all attitude and knowledge items. Conclusion: An education session delivered to an educationally and professionally diverse group can improve trainees' knowledge and attitudes. There were some significant differences between sub-groups, particularly regarding their professional and educational background, and whether the location was urban or rural. Further study is needed to examine whether trainees would benefit from a course tailored toward their education and professional experience.
Comorbidity indices in orthopaedic surgery: a narrative review focused on hip and knee arthroplasty
Authors: Sinclair SaTia T. , Emara Ahmed K. , Orr Melissa N. , McConaghy Kara M. , Klika Alison K. , Piuzzi Nicolas S. 
Published: August 2021

Comorbidity indices currently used to estimate negative postoperative outcomes in orthopaedic surgery were originally developed among non-orthopaedic patient populations. While current indices were initially intended to predict short-term mortality, they have since been used for other purposes as well. As the rate of hip and knee arthroplasty steadily rises, understanding the magnitude of the effect of comorbid disease on postoperative outcomes has become increasingly more important. Currently, the ASA classification is the most commonly used comorbidity measure and is systematically recorded by the majority of national arthroplasty registries. Consideration should be given to developing an updated, standardized approach for comorbidity assessment and reporting in orthopaedic surgery, especially within the setting of elective hip and knee arthroplasty. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:629-640. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.200124
Medial collateral ligament release during knee arthroscopy: key concepts
Authors: da Silva Campos Vicente Carlos , Guerra Pinto Francisco , Constantino Diogo , Andrade Renato , Espregueira-Mendes João 
Published: August 2021

Complete access to the posterior medial compartment of the knee may represent a technical challenge during arthroscopy in patients with a tight tibiofemoral joint space. Medial collateral release reduces direct iatrogenic cartilage damage in the medial compartment of the knee through manipulation with instruments. We recommend performing medial collateral release in surgeries that access the posteromedial compartment (e.g. partial meniscectomy for ruptures of the posterior horn of medial meniscus or posterior root repairs) when the patient has a tight tibiofemoral joint space. There are two main techniques to perform medial collateral release: inside-out and outside-in. Regardless of the technique used, releasing medial ligament structures is a safe and effective method to be used in the diagnosis and treatment of injuries to the medial compartment. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:669-675. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.200128
Acute kidney injury and acute kidney recovery following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Peillex Marilou , Marchandot Benjamin , Matsushita Kensuke , Prinz Eric , Hess Sebastien , Reydel Antje , Kibler Marion , Carmona Adrien , Trimaille Antonin , Heger Joe , Petit-Eisenmann Hélène , Trinh Annie , Jesel Laurence , Ohlmann Patrick , Morel Olivier 
Published: August 2021

Background
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with a dismal prognosis in Transcatheter Aortic Valve replacement (TAVR). Acute kidney recovery (AKR), a phenomenon reverse to AKI has recently been associated with better outcomes.

Methods
Between November 2012 to May 2018, we explored consecutive patients referred to our Heart Valve Center for TAVR. AKI was defined according to the VARC-2 definition. Mirroring the VARC-2 definition of AKI, AKR was defined as a decrease in serum creatinine (≥50%) or ≥25% improvement in GFR up to 72 hours after TAVR.

Results
AKI and AKR were respectively observed in 8.3 and 15.7% of the 574 patients included. AKI and AKR patients were associated to more advanced kidney disease at baseline. At a median follow-up of 608 days (range 355–893), AKI and AKR patients experienced an increased cardiovascular mortality compared to unchanged renal function patients (14.6% and 17.8% respectively, vs. 8.1%, CI 95%, p<0.022). Chronic kidney disease, (HR: 3.9; 95% CI 1.7–9.2; p < 0.001) was the strongest independent factor associated with AKI similarly to baseline creatinine level (HR: 1; 95% CI 1 to 1.1 p < 0.001) for AKR. 72-hours post procedural AKR (HR: 2.26; 95% CI 1.14 to 4.88; p = 0.021) was the strongest independent predictor of CV mortality.

Conclusions
Both AKR and AKI negatively impact long term clinical outcomes of patients undergoing TAVR.
In a Slant Light: A Poet’s Memoir, Cilla McQueen (2016)
Authors: Phillipson Allan 
Published: August 2021

Review of: In a Slant Light: A Poet’s Memoir, Cilla McQueen (2016)
Dunedin: Otago University Press, 134 pp.,
ISBN 978 1 87757 871 7 (hbk), NZ$35

Fale Aitu / Spirit House, Tusiata Avia (2016)
Wellington: Victoria University Press, 84 pp.,
ISBN 978 1 77656 064 6 (pbk), NZ$25

Vanishing Points, Michele Leggott (2017)
Auckland: Auckland University Press, 132 pp.,
ISBN 978 1 86940 874 9 (pbk), NZ$27.99

Tightrope, Selina Tusitala Marsh (2017)
Auckland: Auckland University Press, 112 pp.,
ISBN 978 1 86940 872 5 (pbk), NZ$27.99

Night Horse, Elizabeth Smither (2017)
Auckland: Auckland University Press, 80 pp.,
ISBN 978 1 86940 870 1 (pbk), NZ$24.99
The Pacific Insular Case of American Samoa: Land Rights and Law in Unincorporated US Territories, Line-Noue Memea Kruse (2018)
Authors: Iati Iati 
Published: August 2021

Review of: The Pacific Insular Case of American Samoa: Land Rights and Law in Unincorporated US Territories, Line-Noue Memea Kruse (2018)
Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 211 pp.,
ISBN 978 3 31969 970 7 (hbk), €124.79
Oceanian Journeys and Sojourns: Home Thoughts Abroad, Judith A. Bennett (ed.) (2015)
Authors: Mückler Hermann 
Published: August 2021

Review of: Oceanian Journeys and Sojourns: Home Thoughts Abroad, Judith A. Bennett (ed.) (2015)
Dunedin: Otago University Press, 408 pp.,
ISBN 978 1 87757 888 5 (pbk), NZ$45