bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of the BDNF/TrkB/CREB signaling pathway in the cytotoxicity of bisphenol S in SK‐N‐SH cells
Authors: He Qing‐zhi , Zhu Bi‐qi , Xu Xiao‐na , Zeng Huai‐cai 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBisphenol S (BPS) is associated with neurotoxicity, but its molecular mechanisms are unclear. Our aim was to investigate the role of the brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/tyrosine kinase B (TrkB)/cAMP‐response element‐binding protein (CREB) signaling pathway in BPS‐induced cytotoxicity in SK‐N‐SH cells. The cells were treated with various concentrations of BPS, and cell viability, apoptosis rate, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and the BDNF, cleaved‐caspase‐3, B‐cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‐2), Bcl‐2‐associated X protein (Bax), TrkB, CREB, and phospho‐CREB (p‐CREB) levels were determined. The effects of pretreatment with the TrkB activator 7,8‐dihydroxyflavone (7,8‐DHF) were also explored. BPS decreased SK‐N‐SH cell viability and altered their morphology. Their apoptosis rate was increased, as were the levels of the proapoptotic proteins Bax and cleaved‐caspase‐3, but MMP was decreased. Thus, BPS may induce mitochondria‐dependent apoptosis pathways. BPS also reduced the BDNF, TrkB, and p‐CREB levels, and pretreatment with 7,8‐DHF alleviated its cytotoxic effects. Thus, BPS‐induced cytotoxicity might be mediated by the BDNF/TrkB/CREB signaling pathway.
Secret lives and gender fluidity of people living with HIV in Hyderabad, India
Authors: Azhar Sameena , Vaudrey Jason , Gandham Sabitha , Burr Sean , Oruganti Ganesh , Yeldandi Vijay 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis mixed‐methods study sought to explore gender fluidity among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Hyderabad, India, almost all of whom did not identify as hijra. Sixteen gender‐nonconforming people living with HIV completed both surveys and in‐depth interviews, exploring their experiences with HIV and gender nonconformity stigma. Interviews were conducted in Hindi and Telugu, digitally audio‐recorded, then subsequently translated and analyzed in English, using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Our study highlighted three categories of gender expression: (1) “We have to maintain secrecy about our hijra life”: Living secret lives; (2) “What happens if my neighbor sees me here?”: Contextual disclosure; (3) “Twenty‐four hours a day I will wear a sari”: Being fully out. Analysis revealed that many gender‐nonconforming people reported identifying with two distinct gender identities: one in the daylight, where they identified as men and fulfilled a role of husband and father with their family, and another at night where they identified otherwise—as women, as third gender, as kothis, hijra, transgender. Themes reinforce a phenomenological interpretation of gender identity and expression in the south Indian context, which is grounded in practices regarding identity's embodiment in clothing, vocal intonation, makeup, and context.
RETRACTED: Experiential marketing: Will it affect customer citizenship behavior? An empirical study of multiple mediation model in Thailand
Authors: Wang Zichen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to examine the consumer's experience of sense, feel, thinking, action, and relate experience in the shopping process whether the consumer is willing to voluntarily make beneficial behaviors for the enterprise. The study also aimed to assess the mediating effect of subjective well‐being, brand identity, and received service fairness in the relationship between experimental marketing and customer citizenship behavior. Convenient sampling techniques were used to select samples. After deleting invalid questionnaires, a total of 109 valid questionnaires were recovered for data analysis. The analysis results after using SmartPLS for the structural model show that experience marketing will have a significant positive effect on customer citizenship behavior. The findings of this study extend the company's understanding of the relationship between consumer shopping experience in online shopping platforms, consumer subject well‐being, brand identity, perceived service fairness, and customer citizenship behavior. At the same time, this study also provides discussion and enlightenment for the companies that operate online shopping supermarkets, limitations, and suggestions for future research.
Digital next‐generation sequencing of cell‐free DNA for pancreatic cancer
Authors: Takano Shinichi , Fukasawa Mitsuharu , Shindo Hiroko , Takahashi Ei , Fukasawa Yoshimitsu , Kawakami Satoshi , Hayakawa Hiroshi , Kuratomi Natsuhiko , Kadokura Makoto , Maekawa Shinya , Enomoto Nobuyuki 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground and AimThe clinical applicability of digital next‐generation sequencing (dNGS), which eliminates polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing error‐derived noise by using molecular barcodes (MBs), has not been fully evaluated. We evaluated the utility of dNGS of cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) in liquid biopsies obtained from patients with pancreatic cancer.MethodsFifty‐eight patients with pancreatic cancer undergoing endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA) were included. Samples were subjected to sequencing of 50 cancer‐related genes using next‐generation sequencing (NGS). The results were used as reference gene alterations. NGS of cfDNA from plasma was performed for patients with a mutant allele frequency (MAF) >1% and an absolute mutant number > 10 copies/plasma mL in KRAS or GNAS by digital PCR. Sequence readings with and without MBs were compared with reference to EUS‐FNA‐derived gene alterations.ResultsThe concordance rate between dNGS of cfDNA and EUS‐FNA‐derived gene alterations was higher with than without MBs (p = 0.039), and MAF cut‐off values in dNGS could be decreased to 0.2%. dNGS using MBs eliminated PCR and sequencing error by 74% and 68% for TP53 and all genes, respectively. Overall, dNGS detected mutations in KRAS (45%) and TP53 (26%) and copy number alterations in CCND2, CCND3, CDK4, FGFR1, and MYC, which are targets of molecular‐targeted drugs.ConclusionsdNGS of cfDNA using MBs is useful for accurate detection of gene alterations even with low levels of MAFs. These results may be used to inform the development of diagnostics and therapeutics that can improve the prognosis of pancreatic cancer.
Calcineurin inhibitors in steroid and anti‐TNF‐alpha refractory immune checkpoint inhibitor colitis
Authors: Zhang Eva , Kiely Christopher , Sandanayake Neomal , Tattersall Stephen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground and AimImmune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) colitis is an increasingly common problem encountered as the use of checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) grows in the management of cancers. Corticosteroids and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐alpha inhibitors are widely recommended in the management of ICI colitis; however, the experience is limited when patients are refractory. Different authors have reported success with vedolizumab, mycophenolate, and cyclosporine. This case series describes our experience with calcineurin inhibitors in the management of corticosteroid and anti‐TNF‐alpha refractory ICI colitis.MethodsData from electronic medical records were identified and reviewed retrospectively from a cohort of patients treated at a single oncology center. All patients who were identified between March 2018 and May 2020 with ICI colitis refractory to treatment with infliximab and corticosteroids were included.ResultsThere were 11 patients who developed ICI colitis after receiving CPIs for advanced melanoma and required rescue therapy with either cyclosporine or tacrolimus after treatment failure of infliximab. Median age was 53 (±8.48) years, with nine patients (81%) receiving combination Cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte‐associated protein 4 (CTLA‐4) / programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1) immunotherapy. Median time after first CPI infusion to ICI colitis was 4.43 (±19.53) weeks. The median time from onset of symptoms to commencement of rescue therapy with calcineurin inhibitors was 70 days (±66.06). Eight of the 11 patients (72.7%) responded to calcineurin inhibition. In patients who responded, calcineurin inhibitors were continued for a median of 54 (±28.96) days.ConclusionThe calcineurin inhibitors cyclosporine and tacrolimus appear to be a safe and effective option for the management of patients with infliximab‐refractory ICI colitis. The therapeutic benefit is observed rapidly, and adverse effects appear to be limited with close monitoring.
Timing of HIV testing among pregnant and breastfeeding women and risk of mother‐to‐child HIV transmission in Malawi: a sampling‐based cohort study
Authors: Chagomerana Maganizo B , Edwards Jessie K , Zalla Lauren C , Carbone Nicole B , Banda Godfrey T , Mofolo Innocent A , Hosseinipour Mina C , Herce Michael E 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionPregnant women living with HIV can achieve viral suppression and prevent HIV mother‐to‐child transmission (MTCT) with timely HIV testing and early ART initiation and maintenance. Although it is recommended that pregnant women undergo HIV testing early in antenatal care in Malawi, many women test positive during breastfeeding because they did not have their HIV status ascertained during pregnancy, or they tested negative during pregnancy but seroconverted postpartum. We sought to estimate the association between the timing of last positive HIV test (during pregnancy vs. breastfeeding) and outcomes of maternal viral suppression and MTCT in Malawi’s PMTCT programme.MethodsWe conducted a two‐stage cohort study among mother–infant pairs in 30 randomly selected high‐volume health facilities across five nationally representative districts of Malawi between 1 July 2016 and 30 June 2017. Log‐binomial regression was used to estimate prevalence ratios (PR) and risk ratios (RR) for associations between timing of last positive HIV test (i.e. breastfeeding vs. pregnancy) and maternal viral suppression and MTCT, controlling for confounding using inverse probability weighting.ResultsOf 822 mother–infant pairs who had available information on the timing of the last positive HIV test, 102 mothers (12.4%) had their last positive test during breastfeeding. Women who lived one to two hours (PR = 2.15; 95% CI: 1.29 to 3.58) or >2 hours (PR = 2.36; 95% CI: 1.37 to 4.10) travel time to the nearest health facility were more likely to have had their last positive HIV test during breastfeeding compared to women living <1 hour travel time to the nearest health facility. The risk of unsuppressed VL did not differ between women who had their last positive HIV test during breastfeeding versus pregnancy (adjusted RR [aRR] = 0.87; 95% CI: 0.48 to 1.57). MTCT risk was higher among women who had their last positive HIV test during breastfeeding compared to women who had it during pregnancy (aRR = 6.57; 95% CI: 3.37 to 12.81).ConclusionsMTCT in Malawi occurred disproportionately among women with a last positive HIV test during breastfeeding. Testing delayed until the postpartum period may lead to higher MTCT. To optimize maternal and child health outcomes, PMTCT programmes should focus on early ART initiation and providing targeted testing, prevention, treatment and support to breastfeeding women.
An analysis of radiographer preliminary image evaluation – A focus on common false negatives
Authors: Alexander‐Bates Isobel , Neep Michael J. , Davis Benjamin , Starkey Deborah 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionPreliminary image evaluation (PIE) is a mechanism whereby radiographers provide a preliminary evaluation of whether pathology is present in their radiographs, typically acquired within the emergency department (ED). PIE provides referrers with a timely communication of pathology prior to the availability of a radiology report. The purpose of this study was to determine the most common radiographer PIE false‐negative interpretations.MethodsEach month over a two‐year period, 100 PIEs of adult and paediatric patients were randomly reviewed in a metropolitan hospital ED. The radiographer’s PIE was compared with the radiologist’s report and categorised into basic quality indicators; true positive, true negative, false positive and false negative. The anatomical regions which most commonly indicated a false‐negative interpretation were further analysed.Results2402 cases were reviewed which resulted in an overall PIE accuracy of 88.7%. Wrists, hands, phalanges (upper), ankles, feet and phalanges (lower) reporting the highest false‐negative or false‐negative/true‐positive interpretations (60/116). Of the 60 false‐negative PIEs, 68 pathologies were identified. 41.1% (28/68) of the pathology not identified were in the phalanges. Within these regions, examinations with multiple injuries commonly reported false negatives (17/60).ConclusionsThis study demonstrated the most common false‐negative radiographer PIEs were within the upper and lower distal extremities. Specifically, the phalanges and examinations demonstrating multiple injuries reported high levels of misinterpretation. The misinterpretation in multi‐injury examinations could be attributed to ‘Subsequent Search Miss (SSM)’ error. These results provide valuable insights into areas of emphasis when providing image interpretation education.
Test–retest reliability of hippocampal subfield volumes in a developmental sample: Implications for longitudinal developmental studies
Authors: Homayouni Roya , Yu Qijing , Ramesh Sruthi , Tang Lingfei , Daugherty Ana M. , Ofen Noa 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe hippocampus (Hc) is composed of cytoarchitectonically distinct subfields: dentate gyrus (DG), cornu ammonis sectors 1‐3 (CA1‐3), and subiculum. Limited evidence suggests differential maturation rates across the Hc subfields. While longitudinal studies are essential in demonstrating differential development of Hc subfields, a prerequisite for interpreting meaningful longitudinal effects is establishing test–retest consistency of Hc subfield volumes measured in vivo over time. Here, we examined test–retest consistency of Hc subfield volumes measured from structural MR images in two independent developmental samples. Sample One (n = 28, ages 7–20 years, M = 12.64, SD = 3.35) and Sample Two (n = 28, ages 7–17 years, M = 11.72, SD = 2.88) underwent MRI twice with a 1‐month and a 2‐year delay, respectively. High‐resolution PD‐TSE‐T2‐weighted MR images (0.4 × 0.4 × 2 mm3) were collected and manually traced using a longitudinal manual demarcation protocol. In both samples, we found excellent consistency of Hc subfield volumes between the two visits, assessed by two‐way mixed intraclass correlation (ICC (3) single measures ≥ 0.87), and no difference between children and adolescents. The results further indicated that discrepancies between repeated measures were not related to Hc subfield volumes, or visit number. In addition to high consistency, with the applied longitudinal protocol, we detected significant variability in Hc subfield volume changes over the 2‐year delay, implying high sensitivity of the method in detecting individual differences. Establishing unbiased, high longitudinal consistency of Hc subfield volume measurements optimizes statistical power of a hypothesis test and reduces standard error of the estimate, together improving external validity of the measures in constructing theoretical models of memory development.
Prediction of summer extreme hot days in China using the SINTEX‐F2
Authors: Lu Xinyu , Yuan Chaoxia , Yang Mengzhou , Doi Takeshi , Wahiduzzaman Md , Luo Jing‐Jia 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAccurate prediction of extreme weather and climate is crucial for their devastating impacts on our society and environment. Here, predictability of frequency of summer (June–August) extreme hot days (SEHDs) in China has been assessed in the SINTEX‐F2 seasonal forecast system during the period of 1983–2015. The hindcast had 12 ensemble members and was initialized on the first day of March, April and May, respectively. Results show that overall, the SINTEX‐F2 predicts more regions with good prediction skills at shorter lead time due to its better capture of the linear trends. Whereas, in Southwest China and eastern Tibetan Plateau, the prediction skills are consistently increased at shorter lead time even without the impacts of linear trends; the correlation coefficients between the region‐mean anomalies in the observed and predicted SEHD frequencies are 0.74, 0.68 and 0.61 at 1–3 month lead, respectively, and they remain as high as 0.56, 0.49 and 0.40 when the linear trends are removed. This is because the SINTEX‐F2 can reproduce the observed influences of Indian Ocean Basin Mode (IOBM) on the SEHD frequency. The warm IOBM can cause anomalous ascending and strong divergence in the upper troposphere over the tropical Indian Ocean and Indian subcontinent. The strong divergence causes direct convergence and descending over Southwestern China and eastern Tibetan Plateau. It also causes substantial descending over the western North Pacific that can introduce anomalous cyclonic circulation over northeastern Asia via the Pacific‐Japan or East‐Asia pattern. The latter serves as a source of wave energies, excites the Rossby waves meandering westward in the mid‐latitude, and enhances the anticyclonic circulation anomalies over Southwestern China and eastern Tibetan Plateau.
The Modic‐endplate‐complex phenotype in cervical spine patients: Association with symptoms and outcomes
Authors: Baker James D. , Sayari Arash J. , Harada Garrett K. , Tao Youping , Louie Philip K. , Basques Bryce A. , Galbusera Fabio , Niemeyer Frank , Wilke Hans‐Joachim , An Howard S. , Samartzis Dino 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study describes a novel, combined Modic changes (MC) and structural endplate abnormality phenotype of the cervical spine, which we have termed the Modic‐Endplate‐Complex (MEC), and its association with preoperative symptoms and outcomes in anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) patients. This was a retrospective study of prospectively collected data at a single institution. Preoperative cervical magnetic resonance imagings were used to assess the presence of MC and endplate abnormalities. Patients were divided into four groups: MC‐only, endplate abnormality‐only, the MEC and controls. The MEC was defined as the presence of both a MC and endplate abnormality in the cervical spine. Phenotypes were further stratified by location and compared to controls. Associations with patient‐reported outcome measures were assessed using regression controlling for baseline characteristics. A total of 628 patients were included, with 84 MC‐only, 166 endplate abnormality‐only, and 187 MEC patients. Both MC (p < 0.001) and endplate abnormalities (p < 0.001) were independently associated with one another. MC at the adjacent level (p = 0.018), endplate abnormalities (regardless of location) (p = 0.001), and the MEC within the fusion segment (p = 0.027) were all associated with higher Neck Disability Index scores. Both MC within the fusion segment (p = 0.008) and endplate abnormalities within the fusion segment (p = 0.017) associated with lower Veteran's Rand 12‐item scores. MC and structural endplate abnormalities commonly manifest concomitantly in patients indicated for ACDF for degenerative pathology. Patients with the endplate pathology, including the MEC phenotype, reported significantly higher levels of postoperative disability following ACDF. These findings add valuable data to the prognostic assessment of degenerative cervical spine patients.
Tooth loss in periodontally compromised patients: Retrospective long‐term results 10 years after active periodontal therapy – tooth‐related outcomes
Authors: Petsos Hari , Ramich Tatjana , Nickles Katrin , Dannewitz Bettina , Pfeifer Leon , Zuhr Otto , Eickholz Peter 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundEstimating prognosis of periodontally affected teeth at the beginning of supportive periodontal care (SPC) is an important component for further treatment planning. This study aimed to evaluate tooth loss (TL) during 10 years of SPC in periodontally compromised patients and to identify tooth‐related factors affecting TL.MethodsPatients were re‐examined 120 ± 12 months after accomplishment of active periodontal therapy. TL was defined as primary outcome variable and tooth‐related factors (abutment status, furcation involvement [FI], tooth mobility, mean periodontal probing depth [PD], and clinical attachment level [CAL] at beginning of SPC, and initial bone loss [BL]) were estimated based on an adjusted regression analyses model.ResultsNinety‐seven patients (51 females and 46 males; mean age, 65.3 ± 11 years) lost 119 of 2,323 teeth (overall TL [OTL]: 0.12 teeth/patient/y) during 10 years of SPC. Forty of these teeth (33.6%) were lost for periodontal reasons (TLP; 0.04 teeth/patient/y). Significantly more teeth were lost due to other reasons (P <0.0001). TLP (OTL) only occurred in 5.9% (14.7%) of all teeth, when BL was at least 80%. Use as abutment tooth, FI degree III, tooth mobility degrees I and II, mean PD, and CAL positively correlated with OTL (P <0.05). For TLP, FI and tooth mobility degree III as well as mean CAL were identified as tooth‐related prognostic factors (P <0.05).ConclusionsDuring 10 years of SPC, most of the teeth (93.4%) of periodontally compromised patients were retained, showing the positive effect of a well‐established treatment concept. Well‐known tooth‐related prognostic factors were confirmed.
Detection of DNA bases and environmentally relevant biomolecules and monitoring ssDNA hybridization by noble metal nanoparticles decorated graphene nanosheets as ultrasensitive G‐SERS platforms
Authors: Gupta Sanju , Banaszak Alexander 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSurface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and graphene‐mediated surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (G‐SERS) are attractive analytical techniques for the detection of chemical and biological molecules at a single‐molecule level registering their chemical fingerprints. Graphene‐based surface enhancement (or G‐SERS) boosted traditional SERS phenomenon producing signal enhancement from both electromagnetic (EM) and chemical enhancement (CE) mechanisms. Thus, graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets coated with silver (Ag [30 nm]) and gold (Au [40 nm]) nanoparticles smart array platforms, for direct detection and differentiation of DNA bases, namely, adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), thymine (T), and environmental relevant β‐carotene (β‐C) and malachite green (MG) biomolecules, are developed. The size and interparticle gap were controlled via dispersion and loading on GO surface to achieve optimal enhancement factors. The morphology of these substrates was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The Raman spectra consisted of discrete bands occurring at (A: 732.8 cm−1; C: 792 cm−1; G: 658 cm−1; T: 796 cm−1; β‐C: 1416 cm−1; MG: 1174 cm−1) that are characteristic of molecular modes of vibration and serve as chemical fingerprint of three‐dimensional structure, intramolecular interaction and steady‐state dynamics, of biomolecule ensemble. The GO‐decorated nanoparticles are capable of sensitive biomolecular detection over a broad concentration range 100 nM to 100 μM with limit of detection (LOD) noted at <1 ppm for A, C, G, T, β‐C, and MG. Moreover, the experimental results illustrated five to six orders of magnitude signal enhancement in the following order: GO/Ag30 > GO/Au40 > Ag30 > Au40 > GO. Moreover, ssDNA probe and complementary target C‐ssDNA were monitored simultaneously during hybridization on the same substrates assigned confidently to base, local chemical structure, and global conformation of resulting dsDNA. The experimental findings suggest a strong GO‐nanoparticle coupling leading to interfacial orbital hybridization (charge transfer) and polarization affected by biomolecule orientation, and it will help in designing ultrasensitive platforms covering range of inorganic nanoparticles and nanostructured surfaces for a wealth of biomedicine and environmental applications.