bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of a thrombin generation assay in the prediction of infection severity
Authors: Elad Boaz , Avraham Gilat , Schwartz Naama , Elias Adi , Elias Mazen 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThrombin plays a central role in sepsis pathophysiology. The correlation of thrombin generation (TG) assays with infection severity and prognosis, and whether it can be used as a clinical tool, have been poorly explored and are the subjects of our research. We recruited 130 patients with systemic infection between 2016 and 2019. Patients were divided according to infection severity by using the sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) and quickSOFA (qSOFA) scores. The hemostatic state was analyzed by Calibrated Automated Thrombogram. The primary end points were TG values and the secondary end point was in-hospital mortality. Patients with qSOFA ≥ 2 had a longer lag time (5.6 vs. 4.6 min) and time to peak (8 vs. 6.9 min) than those with lower scores (p = 0.014 and 0.01, respectively). SOFA ≥ 2 had a longer lag time (5.2 vs. 4.3 min), time to peak (7.5 vs. 6.7 min) and lower endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) (1834 vs. 2015 nM*min), p = 0.008, 0.019, and 0.048, respectively. Patients who died (11) had lower ETP (1648 vs. 1928 nM*min) and peak height (284 vs. 345 nM), p = 0.034 and 0.012, respectively. In conclusion TG assays may be a valuable tool in predicting infection severity and prognosis.
Insights into intrauterine growth restriction based on maternal and umbilical cord blood metabolomics
Authors: Moros Georgios , Boutsikou Theodora , Fotakis Charalambos , Iliodromiti Zoe , Sokou Rozeta , Katsila Theodora , Xanthos Theodoros , Iacovidou Nicoletta , Zoumpoulakis Panagiotis 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a fetal adverse condition, ascribed by limited oxygen and nutrient supply from the mother to the fetus. Management of IUGR is an ongoing challenge because of its connection with increased fetal mortality, preterm delivery and postnatal pathologies. Untargeted nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) metabolomics was applied in 84 umbilical cord blood and maternal blood samples obtained from 48 IUGR and 36 appropriate for gestational age (AGA) deliveries. Orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) followed by pathway and enrichment analysis generated classification models and revealed significant metabolites that were associated with altered pathways. A clear association between maternal and cord blood altered metabolomic profile was evidenced in IUGR pregnancies. Increased levels of the amino acids alanine, leucine, valine, isoleucine and phenylalanine were prominent in IUGR pregnancies indicating a connection with impaired amino acid metabolism and transplacental flux. Tryptophan was individually connected with cord blood discrimination while 3-hydroxybutyrate assisted only maternal blood discrimination. Lower glycerol levels in IUGR samples ascribed to imbalance between gluconeogenesis and glycolysis pathways, suggesting poor glycolysis. The elevated levels of branched chain amino acids (leucine, isoleucine and valine) in intrauterine growth restricted pregnancies were linked with increased insulin resistance.
Endovascular repair and open repair surgery of thoraco-abdominal aortic aneurysms cause drastically different types of spinal cord injury
Authors: Awad Hamdy , Tili Esmerina , Nuovo Gerard , Kelani Hesham , Ramadan Mohamed Ehab , Williams Jim , Binzel Katherine , Rajan Jayanth , Mast David , Efanov Alexander A. , Rasul Kareem B. , Moore Sarah , Basso Michele , Mikhail Adel , Eltobgy Mostafa , Malbrue Raphael A. , Bourekas Eric , Oglesbee Michael , Bergdall Valerie , Knopp Michael , Michaille Jean-Jacques , El-Sayed Hosam 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBoth endovascular repair (EVR) and open repair (OR) surgery of thoraco-abdominal aortic aneurysms cause spinal cord (SC) injury that can lead to paraparesis or paraplegia. It has been assumed that mechanisms responsible for SC damage after EVR are similar to those after OR. This pilot study compared the pathophysiology of SC injury after EVR versus OR using a newly developed EVR dog model. An increasing number of stents similar to those used in patients were inserted in the aorta of three dogs to ensure thoracic or thoracic plus lumbar coverage. The aorta of OR dogs was cross-clamped for 45 min. Behavior assessment demonstrated unique patterns of proprioceptive ataxia and evolving paraparesis in EVR versus irreversible paraplegia in OR. MRI showed posterior signal in lumbar SC after EVR versus central cord edema after OR. Histopathology showed white matter edema in L3–L5 localized to the dorsal column medial lemniscus area associated with loss of myelin basic protein but not neurons after EVR, versus massive neuronal loss in the gray matter in L3–L5 after OR. Metabolome analysis demonstrates a distinctive chemical fingerprint of cellular processes in both interventions. Our results call for the development of new therapeutics tailored to these distinct pathophysiologic findings.
Solution-processed near-infrared Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 photodetectors with enhanced chalcopyrite crystallization and bandgap grading structure via potassium incorporation
Authors: Kim Joo-Hyun , Han Hyemi , Kim Min Kyu , Ahn Jongtae , Hwang Do Kyung , Shin Tae Joo , Min Byoung Koun , Lim Jung Ah 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAlthough solution-processed Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 (CIGS) absorber layers can potentially enable the low-cost and large-area production of highly stable electronic devices, they have rarely been applied in photodetector applications. In this work, we present a near-infrared photodetector functioning at 980 nm based on solution-processed CIGS with a potassium-induced bandgap grading structure and chalcopyrite grain growth. The incorporation of potassium in the CIGS film promotes Se uptake in the bulk of the film during the chalcogenization process, resulting in a bandgap grading structure with a wide space charge region that allows improved light absorption in the near-infrared region and charge carrier separation. Also, increasing the Se penetration in the potassium-incorporated CIGS film leads to the enhancement of chalcopyrite crystalline grain growth, increasing charge carrier mobility. Under the reverse bias condition, associated with hole tunneling from the ZnO interlayer, the increasing carrier mobility of potassium-incorporated CIGS photodetector improved photosensitivity and particularly external quantum efficiency more than 100% at low light intensity. The responsivity and detectivity of the potassium-incorporated CIGS photodetector reach 1.87 A W−1 and 6.45 $$\times$$
×
1010 Jones, respectively, and the − 3 dB bandwidth of the device extends to 10.5 kHz under 980 nm near-infrared light.
Quantitative salivary gland SPECT/CT using deep convolutional neural networks
Authors: Park Junyoung , Lee Jae Sung , Oh Dongkyu , Ryoo Hyun Gee , Han Jeong Hee , Lee Won Woo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractQuantitative single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) using Tc-99m pertechnetate aids in evaluating salivary gland function. However, gland segmentation and quantitation of gland uptake is challenging. We develop a salivary gland SPECT/CT with automated segmentation using a deep convolutional neural network (CNN). The protocol comprises SPECT/CT at 20 min, sialagogue stimulation, and SPECT at 40 min post-injection of Tc-99m pertechnetate (555 MBq). The 40-min SPECT was reconstructed using the 20-min CT after misregistration correction. Manual salivary gland segmentation for %injected dose (%ID) by human experts proved highly reproducible, but took 15 min per scan. An automatic salivary segmentation method was developed using a modified 3D U-Net for end-to-end learning from the human experts (n = 333). The automatic segmentation performed comparably with human experts in voxel-wise comparison (mean Dice similarity coefficient of 0.81 for parotid and 0.79 for submandibular, respectively) and gland %ID correlation (R2 = 0.93 parotid, R2 = 0.95 submandibular) with an operating time less than 1 min. The algorithm generated results that were comparable to the reference data. In conclusion, with the aid of a CNN, we developed a quantitative salivary gland SPECT/CT protocol feasible for clinical applications. The method saves analysis time and manual effort while reducing patients’ radiation exposure.
Multinucleation associated DNA damage blocks proliferation in p53-compromised cells
Authors: Hart Madeleine , Adams Sophie D. , Draviam Viji M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNuclear atypia is one of the hallmarks of cancers. Here, we perform single-cell tracking studies to determine the immediate and long-term impact of nuclear atypia. Tracking the fate of newborn cells exhibiting nuclear atypia shows that multinucleation, unlike other forms of nuclear atypia, blocks proliferation in p53-compromised cells. Because ~50% of cancers display compromised p53, we explored how multinucleation blocks proliferation. Multinucleation increases 53BP1-decorated nuclear bodies (DNA damage repair platforms), along with a heterogeneous reduction in transcription and protein accumulation across the multi-nucleated compartments. Multinucleation Associated DNA Damage associated with 53BP1-bodies remains unresolved for days, despite an intact NHEJ machinery that repairs laser-induced DNA damage within minutes. Persistent DNA damage, a DNA replication block, and reduced phospho-Rb, reveal a novel replication stress independent cell cycle arrest caused by mitotic lesions. These findings call for segregating protective and prohibitive nuclear atypia to inform therapeutic approaches aimed at limiting tumour heterogeneity.
Catalyst-free photoinduced selective oxidative C(sp3)–C(sp3) bond cleavage in arylamines
Authors: Zhou Jingwei , Wang Songping , Duan Wentao , Lian Qi , Wei Wentao 
Published: April 2021

By introducing a polar atom at the γ-position of amine, the site-selective oxidative cleavage of the saturated C–C single bond in arylamines can be easily achieved by simple visible light irradiation with O2 as a benign oxidant and catalyst free.
Strategy for distributed controller defence: Leveraging controller roles and control support groups to maintain or regain control in cyber‐adversarial power systems
Authors: Hossain‐McKenzie Shamina , Raghunath Kaushik , Davis Katherine , Etigowni Sriharsha , Zonouz Saman 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDistributed controllers play a prominent role in electric power grid operation. The coordinated failure or malfunction of these controllers is a serious threat, where the resulting mechanisms and consequences are not yet well‐known and planned against. If certain controllers are maliciously compromised by an adversary, they can be manipulated to drive the system to an unsafe state. The authors present a strategy for distributed controller defence (SDCD) for improved grid tolerance under conditions of distributed controller compromise. The work of the authors’ first formalises the roles that distributed controllers play and their control support groups using controllability analysis techniques. With these formally defined roles and groups, the authors then present defence strategies for maintaining or regaining system control during such an attack. A general control response framework is presented here for the compromise or failure of distributed controllers using the remaining, operational set. The SDCD approach is successfully demonstrated with a 7‐bus system and the IEEE 118‐bus system for single and coordinated distributed controller compromise; the results indicate that SDCD is able to significantly reduce system stress and mitigate compromise consequences.
SASO: Joint 3D semantic‐instance segmentation via multi‐scale semantic association and salient point clustering optimization
Authors: Tan Jingang , Chen Lili , Wang Kangru , Li Jiamao , Zhang Xiaolin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractJointly performing semantic and instance segmentation of 3D point cloud remains a challenging task. In this work, a novel framework called joint 3D semantic‐instance segmentation via multi‐scale Semantic Association and Salient point clustering Optimization was proposed to tackle this problem. Inspired by the inherent correlation among objects in semantic space, a Multi‐scale Semantic Association (MSA) module to explore the constructive effect of the context information for semantic segmentation is designed. For instance, segmentation, different from previous works utilising clustering only in inference procedure, a Salient Point Clustering Optimization (SPCO) module is put forward to introduce the clustering algorithm into the training phase, which impels the network to focus on points that are difficult to be distinguished. Furthermore, affected by the inherent structure of indoor scenes, the problem of uneven distribution of categories has rarely been considered in the previous work, but it significantly limits the performance of 3D scene perception. To address the issue, an adaptive Water Filling Sampling (WFS) algorithm to balance the category distribution of training data is presented. Extensive experiments on a variety of changing datasets show that the authors’ method outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art methods in both tasks of semantic segmentation and instance segmentation.
Control the number of skip‐connects to improve robustness of the NAS algorithm
Authors: Zhang Bao Feng , Zhou Guo Qiang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRecently, the gradient‐based neural architecture search has made remarkable progress with the characteristics of high efficiency and fast convergence. However, two common problems in the gradient‐based NAS algorithms are found. First, with the increase in the raining time, the NAS algorithm tends to skip‐connect operation, leading to performance degradation and instability results. Second, another problem is no reasonable allocation of computing resources on valuable candidate network models. The above two points lead to the difficulty in searching the optimal sub‐network and poor stability. To address them, the trick of pre‐training the super‐net is applied, so that each operation has an equal opportunity to develop its strength, which provides a fair competition condition for the convergence of the architecture parameters. In addition, a skip‐controller is proposed to ensure each sampled sub‐network with an appropriate number of skip‐connects. The experiments were performed on three mainstream datasets CIFAR‐10, CIFAR‐100 and ImageNet, in which the improved method achieves comparable results with higher accuracy and stronger robustness.
An aggregated deep convolutional recurrent model for event based surveillance video summarisation: A supervised approach
Authors: U. Sreeja M. , Kovoor Binsu C. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSurveillance video summarisation is characterised by extracting video segments containing abnormal events from surveillance video footages. Accurate identification of abnormal events from surveillance footages is of paramount importance in surveillance video summarisation. Accordingly, the proposed framework builds an aggregated convolutional recurrent model that can precisely detect the suspicious events in a surveillance footage, by employing a supervised learning which is found to yield better results compared with unsupervised counterparts. The preliminary stage in the model is a multilayer Convolutional Neural Network for frame‐level feature extraction followed by stacked bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit for sequence‐level feature extraction and classification. Since the video clips used for training are not implicit to surveillance, a block‐based approach for testing on surveillance videos is proposed. The results evaluated on two custom datasets, Streets and Campus, prove that the proposed model produces remarkable results leveraging the properties of bidirectional GRU with supervised learning. Extensive experimental analysis on selection of optimum architecture is conducted which substantiates the significance of stacked bidirectional GRUs over unidirectional ones. Additionally, qualitative results ensure that summaries produced are concise, representative, complete, diverse and informative. Moreover, comparison of the performance of the proposed model with state of the art certainly proves the superiority of the proposed model.
60‐ghz wideband circularly polarized antenna array based on TE340‐mode SIC and sequential rotation feeding technique
Authors: Zhu Yuefang , Qi Zihang , Zhu Hua , Li Xiuping 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe authors propose a 4 × 4 circularly polarized (CP) antenna array with wide impedance bandwidth and axial‐ratio (AR) bandwidth and design the same for 60‐GHz applications. The overall structure of the proposed antenna array consists of a cavity‐back circular patch array and two layer feed‐networks. The upper feed‐network is with four TE340 high‐order mode substrate integrated cavities (SIC). Fed with SIC, circular patches with a pair of 42°‐inclined slits can achieve circular polarization. In order to improve the AR bandwidth and gain performance, the substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) sequential rotation feeding technique is utilized in the lower feed‐network. For proof of concept, the 4 × 4 array is fabricated and measured. Measured results show that −10‐dB impedance bandwidth of the proposed antenna array is 27.2% from 52 to 68.4 GHz and 3‐dB AR bandwidth is 18.9% from 55.7 to 67.3 GHz. Furthermore, the 3‐dB gain bandwidth is 26.2% from 53 to 69 GHz with a peak gain reaching 19.3 dBic at 62 GHz.
Analysis of double‐Xi‐shaped millimetre‐wave patch antenna backed by a high‐order‐mode cavity using characteristic mode design
Authors: Feng Botao , Chen Junlong , Sim Chow‐Yen‐Desmond 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe authors propose an innovative double‐Xi‐shaped Chinese character artistic antenna backed by a high‐order‐mode cavity for 5G millimetre‐wave (mm‐wave) applications. The initial double‐Xi‐shaped microstrip antenna element is designed by using characteristic mode theory, and stable gain can be obtained across the whole 5G mm‐wave frequency band. By employing a slotted cavity with TE230 high‐order‐mode to excite 2×2 antenna subarray, a high gain of 13.2 ± 0.8 dBi and a high isolation better than 45 dB without additional feeding networks can be simultaneously achieved. To further improve the gain for reliable transmission, a 4×4 dual linearly polarised (LP) antenna array is also designed and fabricated. Measured results show that a wide frequency bandwidth of 11.45% (24.7–27.7 GHz) with a peak gain of 19.2 dBi and a high isolation of 33 dB is realised for the dual LP antenna array. The proposed method provides a simple and efficient prediction‐theory way to design artistic antenna for the first time, which solves the problem of designing specific‐shaped antenna without theoretical support.
Acute gastrointestinal bleeding: results from the prospective German electronic registry of nearly 11 000 endoscopies (ALGK GI-bleeding registry)
Authors: Fischbach Wolfgang , Klassert Christine , Schilling Dieter , Sarah Kordian , Schneider Thomas , Cossmann Theresa , Frieling Thomas 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background and study aims Gastrointestinal bleeding is frequently observed in the German population. However, recent epidemiological data are not available. This study aimed to elucidate gastrointestinal bleeds under real-life conditions in 3 German hospitals. By using a standardized electronic documentation system, a large number of consecutive endoscopies could be established, thus offering representative data.
Patients and methods From June 2017 to December 2018, all upper and lower gastrointestinal tract endoscopies were recorded consecutively in the 3 hospitals. The electronic documentation system used included a case report form for storing data on bleeding as obligatory input for completion of the endoscopy report. In the case of gastrointestinal bleeding, specific data on the bleeding source and intensity, as well as individual characteristics, were documented.
Results A total of 10 948 consecutive endoscopies were recorded, and 10 904 could be analyzed. Signs of gastrointestinal bleeding were found in 863 patients (7.9 % of all endoscopies performed), 538 patients with an intake of hemostasis-affecting drugs, and 325 patients without (62.3 % and 37.7 %, respectively). Platelet inhibitors and anticoagulants were the most frequently used hemostasis-affecting medication. There was a significant increase in age from patients without bleeding (median 68.5 years) to patients with bleeding (73.5 years) and to patients with bleeding who took hemostasis-affecting medication (80.4 years). Among the patients, 257 (29.8 %) and 606 (70.2 %) presented with major and minor bleeding, respectively.
Conclusions About 8 % of all patients undergoing upper or lower gastrointestinal endoscopy reveal signs of bleeding. A considerable number are older patients taking hemostasis-affecting drugs.
Experimental evidence of memory-based foraging decisions in a large wild mammal
Authors: Ranc Nathan , Moorcroft Paul R. , Ossi Federico , Cagnacci Francesca 
Published: April 2021

Significance
Understanding how animals respond to changes in resource availability is central to ecological research and to designing effective wildlife conservation and management strategies. To date, little research has been conducted on the cognitive mechanisms—memory or perception—by which large mammals make foraging decisions in nature. By combining a mechanistic cognitive model with a field manipulation of food availability, we show that roe deer rely on memory, not perception, to track the spatial and temporal changes in resource availability in their local environment. Our approach allows us to quantify memory use and to successfully predict how individuals will respond to future changes.
Simplicial gravity with coordinates
Authors: D’Adda Alessandro 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We present a formulation of Regge calculus where arbitrary coordinates are associated to each vertex of the simplicial complex and the fundamental degrees of freedom are given by the metric g

μν
(α) on each simplex α. The lengths of the edges, which are the usual degrees of freedom of Regge calculus, are thus determined and are left invariant under arbitrary transformations of the discrete set of coordinates, provided the metric transforms accordingly. Invariance under coordinate transformations entails tensor calculus and our formulation then follows closely the usual formalism of the continuum theory. This includes a definition of partial derivative which stems from a generalization to simplicial lattices of the symmetric finite difference operator on a cubic lattice. The definitions of parallel transport, Christoffel symbol, covariant derivatives and Riemann curvature tensor follow in a rather natural way establishing a kind of dictionary between continuum and simplicial lattice quantities. In this correspondence Einstein action becomes Regge action with the deficit angle θ replaced by sin θ. The correspondence with the continuum theory can be extended to actions with higher powers of the curvature tensor, to the vielbein formalism and to the coupling of gravity with matter fields (scalars, fermionic fields including spin 3/2 fields and gauge fields) which are then determined unambiguously and discussed in the paper. An action on the simplicial lattice for N = 1 supergravity in four dimensions is derived in this context. Another relavant result is that Yang–Mills actions on a simplicial lattice consist, even in absence of gravity, of two plaquettes terms, unlike the one plaquette Wilson action on the hypercubic lattice. An attempt is also made to formulate a discrete differential calculus to include differential forms of higher order and the gauging of free differential algebras in this scheme. However this leads to form products that do not satisfy associativity and distributive law with respect to the d operator. A proper formulation of theories that contain higher order differential forms in the context of Regge calculus is then still lacking.