bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DENOISING SWEPT SOURCE OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY VOLUMETRIC SCANS USING A DEEP LEARNING MODEL
Authors: Ledesma-Gil Gerardo , Mao Zaixing , Liu Jonathan , Spaide Richard F. 
Published: November 2021

Purpose:
To evaluate the use of a deep learning noise reduction model on swept source optical coherence tomography volumetric scans.

Methods:
Three groups of images including single-line highly averaged foveal scans (averaged images), foveal B-scans from volumetric scans using no averaging (unaveraged images), and deep learning denoised versions of the latter (denoised images) were obtained. We evaluated the potential increase in the signal-to-noise ratio by evaluating the contrast-to-noise ratio of the resultant images and measured the multiscale structural similarity index to determine whether the unaveraged and denoised images held true in structure to the averaged images. We evaluated the practical effects of denoising on a popular metric of choroidal vascularity known as the choroidal vascularity index.

Results:
Ten eyes of 10 subjects with a mean age of 31 years (range 24–64 years) were evaluated. The deep choroidal contrast-to-noise ratio mean values of the averaged and denoised image groups were similar (7.06 vs. 6.81, P = 0.75), and both groups had better maximum contrast-to-noise ratio mean values (27.65 and 46.34) than the unaveraged group (14.75; P = 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). The mean multiscale structural similarity index of the average–denoised images was significantly higher than the one from the averaged–-unaveraged images (0.85 vs. 0.61, P < 0.001). Choroidal vascularity index values from averaged and denoised images were similar (71.81 vs. 71.16, P = 0.554).

Conclusion:
Using three different metrics, we demonstrated that the deep learning denoising model can produce high-quality images that emulate, and may exceed, the quality of highly averaged scans.
Predictive and prognostic factors for outcome of microvascular decompression in trigeminal neuralgia
Authors: Huang Chih-Wei , Yang Meng-Yin , Cheng Wen-Yu , Pan Szu-Yen , Wang Chia-Lin , Lai Wei-Yi , Lin Tzu-Wei , Liu Szu-Yuan , Huang Yu-Fen , Lai Chin-ming , Shen Chiung-Chyi 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a disease characterized by recurring, short-lived, electric shock–like pain experienced on one side of the face. Microvascular decompression (MVD) is one of the most effective surgical interventions for resolving TN caused by neurovascular compression. This study aimed to determine the predictive and prognostic factors of surgical outcomes.

Methods:
This retrospective cohort study enrolled patients diagnosed with TN who underwent MVD at our hospital during 2013-2019. The demographic information, pain character, peri-operative Barrow Neurological Institute (BNI) scale, medication, operative finding were recorded. And the outcome was Outcomes were divided into drug-free and drug-dependent group. Predisposing factors for each outcome were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance, followed by a Mann-Whitney U test or Kruskal-Wallis test.

Results:
A total of 104 consecutive patients received MVD to treat TN, and 88 patients were enrolled in this study. The overall postoperative drug-free outcome was 72.7%. A significant difference in drug-free outcomes was observed for patients with typical TN (80.8%) compared with patients with atypical TN (33.33%, p = 0001). When severe venous compression was encountered during MVD, the drug-free outcome fell to 50% (10/20, p = 0.009). The Mann–Whitney U test indicated typical TN as a positive predictive factor of a drug-free outcome, whereas severe venous compression was a negative predictive factor. The patients with preoperative BNI score of 4 had better improvement than others (p = 0.045). Age, onset duration, and arterial loop had no specific difference in this study.

Conclusion:
In our study, atypical TN and severe venous compression were associated with poor outcomes. Regrouping atypical TN into precise diagnosis represents an immediate priority according to our result. The preoperative BNI score could be used as an effective predictive tool for the outcome of MVD surgery.
Robotic bronchoscopy and future directions of interventional pulmonology
Authors: Folch Erik , Mittal Abhinav , Oberg Catherine 
Published: November 2021

Purpose of review
To describe the emerging field of robotic bronchoscopy within advanced diagnostic bronchoscopy. We review the literature available for these two novel platforms to highlight their differences and discuss the impact on future directions.

Recent findings
There are two distinct technologies both known as robotic bronchoscopy. The Monarch robotic-assisted bronchoscopy is based on electromagnetic guidance whereas the Ion robotic-assisted bronchoscopy is founded on shape sensing technology. Although there is ongoing work to explore the capabilities of these systems, studies have shown that both are safe modalities. Furthermore, both hold promise to improve diagnostic yield and may eventually pave the way for therapeutic bronchoscopic ablation in the future.

Summary
Although both platforms fall under the umbrella term of robotic-assisted bronchoscopy, the Monarch and Ion systems are quite unique in their technology. Thus far, both have demonstrated safety, and early data shows promising results for improved diagnostic yield compared to previously advanced bronchoscopy modalities, especially when combined with advanced confirmatory imaging. Future directions may include bronchoscopic ablation of peripheral lesions given the stability and reach of these platforms.
Innovative Hospital-Based Pediatric Virtual Learning for Nursing Students
Authors: Walsh Heather , Brown Nina , Nicholson Laura , King Simmy 
Published: November 2021

Background/Problem:
Specialty clinical sites, including pediatrics, are historically scarce in prelicensure nursing education.

Approach:
Simulation educators developed the Pediatric Virtual Clinical Learning Series (PVCLS) containing 4 virtual learning modules designed to enhance knowledge and skills of prelicensure nursing students in clinical pediatric care. Topics included documentation, rapid response, code blue, and a pediatric case. The learning sessions were initially offered as synchronous virtual classes and were then posted on our e-learning platform to serve as enduring asynchronous material. The target audience was nursing students and faculty from regional and nationally affiliated nursing schools with the pediatric hospital.

Outcomes:
Faculty and 185 nursing students participated in the synchronous or asynchronous learning sessions. Students' ratings that the virtual classes met their personal expectations were 4.02 to 4.56 of 5 for the synchronous sessions and 3.41 to 3.58 of 4 for the asynchronous sessions.

Conclusions:
The PVCLS provided both synchronous and asynchronous learning experiences to fill a widening knowledge gap in pediatrics.
Unraveling the Cognitive-Motor Interaction in Individuals With Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Gaillardin Florence , Bier Jean-Christophe , De Breucker Sandra , Baudry Stéphane 
Published: November 2021

Purpose:
This study aimed to determine whether increasing the contribution of executive functions worsens dual-task performance in individuals with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI).

Methods:
Fourteen individuals with aMCI (mean [SD]: 74 [4] years) and 19 control adults (71 [5] years) recalled a list of letters in the order of presentation (SPAN-O) or in alphabetic order (SPAN-A) while ascending or descending a 3-step staircase. Dual-task cost (DTC) represented the average decrement of motor and cognitive performances during dual tasks, with greater DTC indicating worse performance.

Results:
SPAN-A (P < 0.001) and stair descent (P = 0.023) increased the DTC in both groups compared with SPAN-O and stair ascent. Furthermore, individuals with aMCI had a greater DTC (93.4 [41.2]%) than the control group (48.3 [27.9]%) for SPAN-A (P < 0.001). Dual-task cost was also greater in descent (76.6 [42.1]%) than ascent (64.0 [34.5]%) in individuals with aMCI (P = 0.024) but not in the control group (P = 0.99). Significant negative partial correlations (β < −0.39; P < 0.05) were found between Montreal Cognitive Assessment score and DTC, while controlling for age and physical function.

Discussion and Conclusions:
A greater DTC in individuals with aMCI when the cognitive task requires working memory (SPAN-A) or during complex locomotor task (descent) suggests that aMCI impedes the capacity to perform 2 tasks simultaneously when higher-order cognitive processes are challenged. Furthermore, a greater DTC in our dual-task situations appears to reflect cognitive decline, as assessed by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment score. Overall, this study indicates that increasing the contribution of executive functions worsens the cognitive-motor interaction in individuals with aMCI.

Video Abstract available for more insights from the authors (see the Video, Supplemental Digital Content 1 available at: http://links.lww.com/JNPT/A375).
A Retrospective Review of Serious Surgical Incidents in 5 Large UK Teaching Hospitals: A System-Based Approach
Authors: Serou Naresh , Slight Robert D. , Husband Andy K. , Forrest Simon P. , Slight Sarah P. 
Published: November 2021

Objectives
Surgical incidents are the most common serious patient safety incidents worldwide. We conducted a review of serious surgical incidents recorded in 5 large teaching hospitals located in one London NHS trust to identify possible contributing factors and propose recommendations for safer healthcare systems.

Methods
We searched the Datix system for all serious surgical incidents that occurred in any operating room, excluding critical care departments, and were recorded between October 2014 and December 2016. We used the London Protocol system analysis framework, which involved a 2-stage approach. A brief description of each incident was produced, and an expert panel analyzed these incidents to identify the most likely contributing factors and what changes should be recommended.

Results
One thousand fifty-one surgical incidents were recorded, 14 of which were categorized as “serious” with contributing factors relating to task, equipment and resources, teamwork, work environmental, and organizational and management. Operating room protocols were found to be unavailable, outdated, or not followed correctly in 8 incidents studied. The World Health Organization surgical safety checklist was not adhered to in 8 incidents, with the surgical and anesthetic team not informed about faulty equipment or product shortages before surgery. The lack of effective communication within multidisciplinary teams and inadequate medical staffing levels were perceived to have contributed.

Conclusions
Multiple factors contributed to the occurrence of serious surgical incidents, many of which related to human failures and faulty equipment. The use of faulty equipment needs to be recognized as a major risk within departments and promptly addressed.
Back squat mechanics in persons with a unilateral transtibial amputation: A case study
Authors: Cooper Kinyata J. , Fain AuraLea , Lee Childers Walter 
Published: November 2021

Case description:
A 30-year-old person with a unilateral transtibial amputation (TTAmp) was assessed performing an Olympic-style back squat with an energy storage and return prosthetic foot.

Objective:
Determine joint-level movement strategies of an individual with TTAmp while performing an Olympic-style back squat.

Study design:
Case study design.

Treatment:
Back squat mechanics are evaluated in an individual with TTAmp by comparing the contribution of the ankle, knee, and hip joint to total positive and negative amputated and sound limb work.

Outcomes:
The hip joint was the greatest contributor to total positive limb work compared with the knee and ankle, respectively, in the amputated (55.0% hip vs. 30.8% knee, P < 0.001; vs. 14.2% ankle, P = 0.001) and sound limbs (52.2% hip vs. 38.9% knee, P < 0.001; vs. 8.9% ankle, P < 0.001). The hip joint was the greatest contributor to total negative limb work compared with the ankle in both the amputated (51.0% hip vs. 15.9% ankle, P < 0.001) and sound limbs (47.3% hip vs. 10.0% ankle, P < 0.001) and the knee in the amputated limb (51.0% hip vs. 32.5% knee, P < 0.001). Ankle joint power demonstrated an atypical bimodal negative/positive/negative/positive pattern.

Conclusion:
The individual with TTAmp used a hip-dominant joint strategy in both the amputated and sound limbs while demonstrating more potential to optimize the prosthetic foot’s energy storage and return capabilities when performing a back squat.
Adjustable Medial Epicanthoplasty Using a Rotational Flap for Epiblepharon Repair
Authors: Mimura Masashi , Sato Yohei , Fujita Yasushi , Korn Bobby S. , Kikkawa Don O. , Oku Hidehiro , Sato Bunpei , Ikeda Tsunehiko 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This report aimed to introduce the new adjustable rotational skin flap for epicanthoplasty in combination with traditional epiblepharon repair by the modified Hotz procedure. This retrospective study involved 25 consecutive patients with superficial punctate keratitis secondary to epiblepharon complicated with epicanthal fold who underwent the combined surgery between 2019 and 2020. The mean patient age was 11.4 years in this study with a median follow-up was 8months (range, 3–12months). The rationale of the surgery was to release vertical tension of the eyelids by dissecting dense connective tissue beneath the epicanthal fold and to form a new medial canthus using a rotational skin flap supplied by the redundant the upper and/or lower eyelid skin excised during the epiblepharon repair. Postsurgical resolution ofsuperficial punctate keratitis and patient satisfaction was achieved in all patients. Additionally, there were no complications, and no revisional surgery was required in all patients for a median 8 months follow-up period. Utilizing a rotational skin flap during epiblepharon repair is a useful adjunct during epicanthoplasty surgery. This modification is well tolerated and allows for intraoperative adjustment, whereas minimizing scarring and allowing for improved tissue relaxation.
Outcomes of Treatment With Manipulative Reduction Combine With the Disc-condyle Repositioning Splint in Acute Anterior Disc Displacement Without Reduction
Authors: Cheng Hui Na , Lee Lee Mui , Deng Yong Qiang , Di Zhang Dan , Yao Wei , Zhu Yao Min 
Published: November 2021

Abstract:
In this report, the authors describe a case of the acute anterior disc displacement without reduction treated by manipulative reduction combined with the disc-condyle repositioning splint to improve the limited mouth opening and relieve the pain, including diagnostic images and treatment performed.
Recent zoonotic spillover and tropism shift of a Canine Coronavirus is associated with relaxed selection and putative loss of function in NTD subdomain of spike protein
Authors: Zehr Jordan D. , Kosakovsky Pond Sergei L. , Martin Darren P. , Ceres Kristina , Whittaker Gary R. , Goodman Laura B. , Stanhope Michael J. 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTA recent study reported the occurrence of Canine Coronavirus (CCoV) in nasopharyngeal swabs from a small number of patients hospitalized with pneumonia during a 2017-18 period in Sarawak, Malaysia. Because the genome sequence for one of these isolates is available, we conducted comparative evolutionary analyses of the spike gene of this strain (CCoV-HuPn-2018), with other available Alphacoronavirus 1 spike sequences. The most N-terminus subdomain (0-domain) of the CCoV-HuPn-2018 spike protein has sequence similarity to Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus (TGEV) and CCoV2b strains, but not to other members of the type II Alphacoronaviruses (i.e., CCoV2a and Feline CoV2-FCoV2). This 0-domain in CCoV-HuPn-2018 has evidence for relaxed selection pressure, an increased rate of molecular evolution, and a number of unique amino acid substitutions relative to CCoV2b and TGEV sequences. A region of the 0-domain determined to be key to sialic acid binding and pathogenesis in TGEV had clear differences in amino acid sequences in CCoV-HuPn-2018 relative to both CCoV2b (enteric) and TGEV (enteric and respiratory). The 0-domain of CCoV-HuPn-2018 also had several sites inferred to be under positive diversifying selection, including sites within the signal peptide. Downstream of the 0-domain, FCoV2 shared sequence similarity to the CCoV2b and TGEV sequences, with analyses of this larger alignment identifying positively selected sites in the putative Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) and Connector Domain (CD). Recombination analyses strongly implicated a particular FCoV2 strain in the recombinant history of CCoV-HuPn-2018 with molecular divergence times estimated at around 60 years ago. We hypothesize that CCoV-HuPn-2018 had an enteric origin, but that it has lost that particular tropism, because of mutations in the sialic acid binding region of the spike 0-domain. As selection pressure on this region was reduced, the virus evolved a respiratory tropism, analogous to other Alphacoronavirus 1, such as Porcine Respiratory Coronavirus (PRCV), that have lost this region entirely. We also suggest that signals of positive selection in the signal peptide as well as other changes in the 0-domain of CCoV-HuPn-2018 could represent an adaptive role in this new host and that this could be in part due to the different spatial distribution of the N-linked glycan repertoire for this strain.
SARS-CoV-2 RdRp uses NDPs as a substrate and is able to incorporate NHC into RNA from diphosphate form molnupiravir
Authors: Wang Maofeng , Wu Cancan , Liu Nan , Zhang Fengyu , Dong Hongjie , Wang Shuai , Chen Min , Jiang Xiaoqiong , Gu Lichuan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been ravaging throughout the world for more than two years and has severely impaired both human health and the economy. The causative agent, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) employs the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) complex for genome replication and transcription, making RdRp an appealing target for antiviral drug development. Here, we reveal that RdRp can recognize and utilize nucleoside diphosphates (NDPs) as a substrate to synthesize RNAs with an efficiency of about two thirds of using nucleoside triphosphates (NTPs) as a substrate. NDPs incorporation is also template-specific and has high fidelity. Moreover, RdRp can incorporate β-d-N4-hydroxycytidine (NHC) into RNA while using diphosphate form molnupiravir (MDP) as a substrate. We also observed that MDP is a better substrate for RdRp than the triphosphate form molnupiravir (MTP).
Tuning spherical cells into kinking helices in wall-less bacteria
Authors: Lartigue Carole , Lambert Bastien , Rideau Fabien , Decossas Marion , Hillion Mélanie , Douliez Jean-Paul , Hardouin Julie , Lambert Olivier , Blanchard Alain , Béven Laure 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn bacteria, cell shape is determined and maintained through a complex interplay between the peptidoglycan cell wall and cytoplasmic filaments made of polymerized MreB. Spiroplasma species, members of the Mollicutes class, challenge this general understanding because they are characterized by a helical cell shape and motility without a cell wall. This specificity is thought to rely on five MreB isoforms and a specific fibril protein. In this study, combinations of these five MreBs and of the fibril from Spiroplasma citri were expressed in another Mollicutes, Mycoplasma capricolum. Mycoplasma cells that were initially pleomorphic, mostly spherical, turned into helices when MreBs and fibrils were expressed in this heterologous host. The fibril protein was essential neither for helicity nor for cell movements. The isoform MreB5 had a special role as it was sufficient to confer helicity and motility to the mycoplasma cells. Cryo-electron microscopy confirmed the association of MreBs and fibril-based cytoskeleton with the plasma membrane, suggesting a direct effect on the membrane curvature. Finally, the heterologous expression of these proteins, MreBs and fibril, made it possible to reproduce the kink-like motility of spiroplasmas without providing the ability of cell movement in liquid broth. We suggest that other Spiroplasma components, not yet identified, are required for swimming, a hypothesis that could be evaluated in future studies using the same model.
The response network of HSP70 defines vulnerabilities in cancer cells with the inhibited proteasome
Authors: Oroń Magdalena , Grochowski Marcin , Jaiswar Akanksha , Legierska Justyna , Jastrzębski Kamil , Nowak-Niezgoda Magdalena , Kołos Małgorzata , Kaźmierczak Wojciech , Olesiński Tomasz , Lenarcik Małgorzata , Cybulska Magdalena , Mikuła Michał , Żylicz Alicja , Miączyńska Marta , Zettl Katherina , Wiśniewski Jacek R. , Walerych Dawid 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHuman neoplasias are often addicted to the proteasome machinery. However, cancers have evolved efficient response mechanisms to overcome proteasome inhibition with bortezomib and carfilzomib - drugs approved for multiple myeloma treatment. To understand these responses we investigated proteome changes upon the proteasome inhibition with carfilzomib - in multiple myeloma, normal fibroblasts, and cancers of lung, colon, and pancreas. A pathway-oriented siRNA screen based on the proteomics results showed that molecular chaperones, autophagy- and endocytosis-related proteins are cancer-specific vulnerabilities combined with carfilzomib. Targeting of HSPA1A/B (HSP70 family chaperones) most specifically sensitized cancer cells and patient-derived organoids to the proteasome inhibition. A high level of HSPA1A/B mRNA correlated with a low proteasome activity in cancer patient tissues and is a risk factor in cancer patients with a low proteasome expression. Mechanistically, HSPA1A/B governed autophagy, unfolded protein response, endocytic trafficking, and chaperoned the proteasome machinery, suppressing the effect of the proteasome inhibition, but did not control the NRF1/2-driven proteasome subunit transcriptional bounce-back. Consequently, downregulation of NRF1 most specifically decreased the viability of cancer cells with the inhibited proteasome and HSP70.
Both ANT and ATPase are essential for mitochondrial permeability transition but not depolarization
Authors: Neginskaya M.A. , Morris S.E. , Pavlov E.V. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA sudden increase in permeability of the mitochondrial inner membrane, mitochondrial permeability transition (PT), is the central event responsible for cell death and tissue damage in conditions such as stroke and heart attack. PT is caused by the opening of the Cyclosporin A (CSA) dependent calcium-induced pore, the Permeability Transition Pore (PTP). The molecular details of PTP are incompletely understood. We utilized a combination of holographic and fluorescent microscopy to assess the contribution of the ATP synthase and Adenine Nucleotide Translocator (ANT) towards PTP. In cells lacking either ATP synthase or ANT, we observed CSA-sensitive membrane depolarization, but not high-conductance PTP. Further, we found that in wild-type cells calcium induced CSA-sensitive depolarization precedes opening of the PTP, which occurred until after nearly complete mitochondrial membrane depolarization. We propose that both ATP synthase and ANT are required for high conductance PTP but not depolarization, which presumably occurs through activation of the low conductance PT, which has a molecular nature that is different from both complexes.