bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RSOB Shorting Defect Resolution through Looping Optimization and Ball Placement at Wirebond Process
Authors: Calma Norman S. , Pulido Jonathan C. , Gomez Frederick Ray I. 
Published: July 2021

Wirebonding process is one of the most challenging assembly manufacturing process in semiconductor packaging industry. This paper discussed the wirebonding challenge and the solution to resolve the wire to die shorting on reverse stitch on ball (RSOB) and prevent irregular looping height for the substrate land grid array (LGA) device. Comprehensive parameter optimization was done particularly on the wirebond looping to ensure that no wire depression and no capillary hitting would occur wirebonding setup. Ultimately, the optimized wirebonding parameter prevented the occurrence of looping issues during the lot process. For future works, the configuration and technique could be applied on packages with similar situation.
Uncertainties in Prediction of Future Sea Level Rise Due to Impact of Climate Change
Authors: Sudipta Chakraborty , Kambekar A. R. , Arnab Sarma 
Published: July 2021

On reviewing the development of the research methodologies on climate change and sea level rise during the last two decades, it is observed that the assumed scenarios for apprehending the rise in global temperature are grounded on a lot of uncertainties. The real-time data varies from IPCC’s predictions. The gradual transition on the emission pathway scenarios from SRES (2000) till RCPs in AR5 of IPCC depicts the conceptual difference between the two concepts in scenarios. SRES represented detailed socio-economic-based scenarios, but RCPs are based on the capacity of a gas affecting the change in energy in the atmosphere due to GHG emissions known as Radiative Forcing. Considering the possible range of the radiative forcing values in 2100, AR5 of IPCC considers the four RCPs numbered as 2.6,4.5, 6.0 and 8.5 as per greenhouse gas concentration trajectories (not emissions). The present condition of melting of ice sheets at Antarctica and Greenland is quite high and it is understood that such melting will continue. Even in a situation, if the anthropogenic emission of GHGs is immediately stopped, the self-sustained melting will continue. Models so far being based on numerical and probabilistic approaches are expected to undergo abrupt change because of the current inconsistent ice sheet dynamics. Considering deep uncertainty in socio-political and economic changes amongst nations, the importance of usability of model hierarchy for the complex science of climate change is becoming unforecastable, in the prevalent ice dynamics during accelerated warming situations. In reality, the predictions are becoming less reliable. Possibility of the scenarios likely to be changed are apprehended during the advent of CMIP6 and the variations in contributing factors in the form of SSPs in the upcoming IPCC AR6, in 2022 and it is indicated that the research may take a new turn. A multidisciplinary approach to research with minimum uncertainty in a more precise and finer manner is the need of the day.
A Case Study of Complementary Alternative Medicines in Primary Healthcare in Ghana
Authors: Obu Raphael Nyarkotey , Aggrey–Bluwey Lawrencia 
Published: July 2021

Background: The embryonic field of complementary alternative medicine in Ghana is gradually taking shape. Alternative medicine in Ghana is an important system of medical practice with legislation currently pending for promulgation.
Objectives: To support this embryonic industry for potential role into our primary healthcare and public health system, there is a need for robust health care policy in the area of standardization coupled with strong political willpower and research in Ghana. The aim of this case study is to reflect the role of complementary alternative medicine in primary healthcare in Ghana.
Methods: The study incorporates a mixed method engaged in integrated data analysis to investigate the challenges of practitioners of complementary alternative medicines as primary healthcare givers. Additionally, it evaluates the pull factors that drive consumers to complementary alternative remedies from the perspectives of the practitioners and finally, to evaluate the opinions of practitioners on consumers’ push factors from mainstream medicine using Ghana as a case model.
Results: This study demonstrates that there is a role of complementary alternative medicine in primary healthcare delivery as well as the public health system. However, there are multifactorial challenges in the sector as respondents outlined lack of standardization, disunity and mistrust between complementary alternative medicine and mainstream medical practice. Some of these opposing forces prevent recognition of these remedies into the national healthcare delivery system.
Conclusion: While our findings demonstrate that there is a role of complementary alternative medicines in our public health and primary healthcare in Ghana, we recommend collaboration between complementary alternative and conventional medical practitioners for improvement of quality of life the consumers. We are of the view that, unhealthy competition between the two medical systems should be controlled.
Naturopathic Medicine and Public Health Management in Ghana; A Mixed Questionnaire Study
Authors: Obu Raphael Nyarkotey , Aggrey-Bluwey Lawrencia 
Published: July 2021

Background: Naturopathic medicine is at its embryonic stage of development in Ghana and West Africa in entirety. In jurisdictions where Naturopathic medicine is well regulated, Naturopathic practitioners are well integrated into the primary healthcare delivery team. In Ghana, the case is quite different due to a myriad of issues.
Objectives: This study examines the role of Naturopathic medicine in Public Health in Ghana and potential policy direction for adoption of Naturopathic protocols in global pandemic management, the challenges faced by Naturopathic Physicians in primary healthcare delivery, and the challenges of Naturopathic Medical Students on their clerkship at one of the designated government Hospitals.
Methods: The study adopted a mixed questionnaires study engaged in integrated data analysis. The respondents in this study were selected Naturopathic Medical Students of the Nyarkotey College of Holistic Medicine, Ghana.
Results: Out of a sample size of 28, 100% (28) believed that, there is a role of Naturopathic medicine in public health management. 95% asserted that very little naturopathic remedies have been employed in the fight against Covid-19 in Ghana. There was also a unanimous agreement (100%) that Ghana needs to adopt a National Policy on Naturopathic remedies in Public Health.
Conclusion: Naturopathic medicine should be embraced fully into Ghanaian primary healthcare delivery. It is important to look at the best practices which exist in other jurisdictions such as China and India for adoption. It is time for the policy makers to speed up the passage of the Traditional and Alternative Medicine bill.
Physiological Roles of Nitrite and Nitric Oxide in Bacteria: Similar Consequences from Distinct Cell Targets, Protection, and Sensing Systems
Authors: Guo Kailun , Gao Haichun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNitrite and nitric oxide (NO) are two active nitrogen oxides that display similar biochemical properties, especially when interacting with redox‐sensitive proteins (i.e., hemoproteins), an observation serving as the foundation of the notion that the antibacterial effect of nitrite is largely attributed to NO formation. However, a growing body of evidence suggests that they are largely treated as distinct molecules by bacterial cells. Although both nitrite and NO are formed and decomposed by enzymes participating in the transformation of these nitrogen species, NO can also be generated via amino acid metabolism by bacterial NO synthetase and scavenged by flavohemoglobin. NO seemingly interacts with all hemoproteins indiscriminately, whereas nitrite shows high specificity to heme‐copper oxidases. Consequently, the homeostasis of redox‐sensitive proteins may be responsible for the substantial difference in NO‐targets identified to date among different bacteria. In addition, most protective systems against NO damage have no significant role in alleviating inhibitory effects of nitrite. Furthermore, when functioning as signal molecules, nitrite and NO are perceived by completely different sensing systems, through which they are linked to different biological processes.
Lactate Consumption via Cascaded Enzymes Combined VEGF siRNA for Synergistic Anti‐Proliferation and Anti‐Angiogenesis Therapy of Tumors
Authors: Tang Yan , Jia Changhao , Wang Yu , Wan Wenjun , Li Hui , Huang Gui , Zhang Xuenong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLactate, as the most abundant component with concentrations of 4–40 mm in tumors, contributes to the regulation of metabolic pathways, angiogenesis, and immunosuppression, exhibiting remarkable potential in cancer treatment. Therefore, a codelivery strategy that combined the cascaded enzymes Lactate oxidase/Catalase (LOx/CAT) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) siRNA (siVEGF) to suppress tumor proliferation and angiogenesis synergistically is creatively proposed. In brief, the cationic liposomes (LIP) encapsulated with LOx/CAT and siVEGF via hydrophilic interaction and electrostatic adsorption followed by coating with PEGylated phenylboronic acid (PP) is established (PPL@[LOX+CAT]). Moreover, a simple 3‐aminophenylboronic acid (PBA)‐shielded strategy via fructose (Fru) is applied to further enhance the targeting efficiency in the tumor site. The obtained co‐encapsulated nanoparticles (NPs) can simultaneous intracellular release of LOx/CAT and siVEGF, and the collaborative use of LOx and CAT can promote lactate consumption even under a hypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME) without producing systemic toxicity. The combined application of lactate depletion and VEGF silencing demonstrated the efficient migration suppression of 4T1 cells in vitro and superior antitumor and antimetastatic properties in vivo. This work offers a promising tumor treatment strategy via integrating cascaded enzymes and gene therapy, and explores a promising therapy regimen for 4T1 triple‐negative breast cancer.
8‐Hydroxyquinoline Metal Complexes as Cathode Interfacial Materials in Inverted Planar Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Sun Fulin , Liang Chunjun , Zhang Huimin , Ji Chao , Song Qi , Gong Hongkang , Li Dan , You Fangtian , He Zhiqun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIon migration is a crucial factor influencing the stability of perovskite solar cells. Insertion of an interfacial layer between the electron‐transporting layer and the cathode is shown to be an effective way to enhance the performance of devices. However, exploring more effective interfacial materials to block ion migration and thus enhance the device stability is still needed. Herein, a series of 8‐hydroxyquinoline metal complexes are employed as cathode interfacial layers (CILs) in inverted planar perovskite solar cells. The devices with CILs exhibit better performance, stability, and reproducibility than the control device without CILs. The introduction of the CILs forms a better energy match between the [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester layer and the cathode, reduces the contact resistance, accelerates the charge transfer, and suppresses non‐radiative recombination. Moreover, the CILs protect the device from moisture and block the ion diffusions, which is beneficial for device stability. After optimization, the best power conversion efficiency of 20.6% is obtained by using 8‐hydroxyquinoline aluminum (Alq3) as a CIL, and the efficiency remains 85% of its initial value after 800 h continuous illumination.
Perovskitoid‐Templated Formation of a 1D@3D Perovskite Structure toward Highly Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Kong Tengfei , Xie Haibing , Zhang Yang , Song Jing , Li Yahong , Lim Eng Liang , Hagfeldt Anders , Bi Dongqin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLongevity is a long‐standing concern for organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Recently, the use of low dimensional perovskite has been proven to be a promising strategy to improve the stability of PSCs. Herein, it is demonstrated that 1D perovskitoid based on 2‐diethylaminoethylchloride cations can act as a template to induce 1D@3D perovskite structure, leading to smoother surface texture, longer charge‐carrier lifetime, smaller residual tensile strain, and reduced surface‐defect density in the perovskite film. With this strategy, highly efficient and stable 1D@3D PSC with excellent reproducibility, showing a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 22.9% under standard AM 1.5 G one sun illumination is realized. The unencapsulated optimized devices can retain 94.7%, 92.4%, and 90.0% of their initial PCEs for 2100, 2200, and 2200 h under ambient air, 85 °C and illumination conditions, respectively.
Curbing members' opportunism in first‐tier and federated agricultural marketing cooperatives
Authors: Hernández‐Espallardo Miguel , Arcas‐Lario Narciso , Sánchez‐Navarro Jorge L. , Marcos‐Matás Gustavo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAgricultural marketing cooperatives are of panoramic socioeconomic importance. As owners, decision‐makers, and suppliers, their members' opportunism is of great concern to their competitiveness. In this study, we analyze sthe impact of governance mechanisms on opportunism. We explore the nonlinear effects and differences between the memberships of first‐tier cooperatives and federated cooperatives. Empirical results show that not all the mechanisms are equally effective: effective mechanisms for first‐tier cooperatives memberships should be employed with lower intensity, whereas those effective for federated cooperatives memberships need a higher intensity of employment. The results of this study allow presenting theoretical and managerial implications in an underexplored field of research [EconLit Citations: D22, D23, P13, Q13].
Opioid use after endoscopic skull base surgery: A descriptive, prospective, longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Rimmer Ryan A. , Scott Brian , Pailet Jasmina , Farrell Nyssa Fox , Mace Jess C. , Detwiller Kara Y. , Smith Timothy L. , Dogan Aclan , Gupta Sachin , Andersen Peter , Cetas Justin , Geltzeiler Mathew 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundOpioid abuse is a public health crisis and the perioperative period can be a time of first opioid exposure. Little is known about postoperative pain management after endoscopic skull base surgery (ESBS).MethodsThis investigation was a single‐institution, longitudinal, prospective cohort study of adult patients undergoing ESBS between November 2019 and March 2020. Participants completed preoperative questionnaires and were contacted every 48 hours postoperatively to quantify pain and opioid consumption.ResultsA total of 33 patients were enrolled and 28 of 33 patients (85%) underwent ESBS for sellar pathology. Mean total morphine milligram equivalents (MME) consumed was 381.9 ± 476.0. History of a headache disorder (p = 0.025) and previous opioid use within 60 days preoperatively (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with greater opioid use. Mean duration of opioid use was 6.7 ± 5.1 (range, 0‐20) days. Headache disorder (p = 0.01), depression (p = 0.03), anxiety (p = 0.03), age ≤46 years (p = 0.029), and previous opioid use (p = 0.008) were all associated with longer mean opioid use. Patients with headache disorder also reported higher mean postoperative pain scores. Fewer than half of the participants required opioids by postoperative day 8. Prescription of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs at discharge was significantly associated with less outpatient opioid use (p = 0.032). At 2‐month follow‐up, 37% of patients reported keeping excess opioids.ConclusionAfter ESBS, greater total opioid use was significantly associated with history of headaches and previous opioid use within 60 days. Overall, opioid use declined among all patients in the postoperative period, but several factors may contribute to longer duration of use.
Rheological and crystallization behaviors of low processing temperature poly(aryl ether ketone)
Authors: Bonmatin Margot , Chabert France , Bernhart Gerard , Djilali Toufik 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA new low melting temperature poly(aryl ether ketone) (PAEK) thermoplastic polymer (Victrex AE 250) was investigated through thermal and rheological analysis of films and flakes. DSC was assigned to evaluate the influence of cooling rate on crystallinity and thermal transitions. Rheometry was used to assess its flowing behavior through the evaluation of dynamic moduli and complex viscosity in the melted state. The relaxation times were found from the rheological curves: they are between a few ms to 200 ms for AE 250, lower than those found for PEEK 450, meaning a faster mobility of macromolecules. The thermal activation energy, Ea obtained from Time Temperature Superposition is the same for films and flakes in spite of a lower viscosity for flakes. The molecular weight between entanglements is evaluated at 8000 g.mol−1 for FMc and 13,000 for FLc, it is compared to the value of about 2000 g.mol−1 found for PEEK 450 with the same procedure. Also, the viscosity was compared to other commercial PAEK such as PEEK and PEKK based on data from the literature. This polymer appears very efficient to compete with high performance thermoplastics to be processed by compression molding, out of autoclave consolidation, additive manufacturing, and welding.
Morphology and properties of foamed high crystallinityPEEKprepared by high temperature thermally induced phase separation
Authors: Rusakov Dmitrii , Menner Angelika , Spieckermann Florian , Wilhelm Harald , Bismarck Alexander 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPolyetheretherketone (PEEK) is a high‐performance semi‐crystalline thermoplastic polymer with outstanding mechanical properties, high thermal stability, resistance to most common solvents, and good biocompatibility. A high temperature thermally induced phase separation technique was used to produce PEEK foams with controlled foam density from PEEK in 4‐phenylphenol (4PPH) solutions. Physical and mechanical properties, foam and bulk density, surface area, and pore morphology of foamed PEEK were characterized and the role of PEEK concentration and cooling rate was investigated. Porous PEEK with densities ranging from 110 to 360 kg/m3with elastic moduli and crush strength ranging from 13 to 125 MPa and 0.8 to 7 MPa, respectively, was produced.
Creation of adjacent monolithic and self‐forming porous fragments in a polymerizing layer by optical scanning stereolithography
Authors: Baten'kin Maxim A. , Mensov Sergey. N. , Polushtaytsev Yuri. V. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe possibility of optically forming adjacent monolithic and porous fragments of a given geometry in a photopolymer layer by scanning stereolithography is considered. Using computer simulation of the diffusion process during such photo‐curing, the optimal modes of scanning with a light spot both for obtaining a monolithic polymer and for implementing the self‐formation of a porous structure in one photopolymerizable composition with a nonreactive component are determined. The results of experiments on the creation of porous polymer layers reinforced with monolithic stiffeners made from polyfunctional monomers using a scanning polymerizing spot with a diameter exceeding the pore size are presented.
Radioprotective effect of a novel and green bio‐nanohybrid, chitosan/silver/cobalt complex, based on Ferulago angulate plant
Authors: Seyedi Fatemeh , Torabizadeh Seyedeh Atekeh , Naeimi Atena 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA novel bio‐nanocomposite was developed by incorporating the extracted nanochitosan from shrimp wastes with Schiff base cobalt complex (Chit–Co complex). The phytosynthesis of Chit–Co complex/Ag bio‐nanocomposite was designed utilizing Chit–Co complex at the presence of Ferulago angulate extraction and characterized by AFM, SEM, EDAX, TEM, FT‐IR, and elemental analysis. The radioprotective application of this bio‐nanocomposite on human lymphocyte cells was evaluated using micronucleus (MN) assay. Total antioxidant activities of it were evaluated using FRAP and DPPH assays. Chit–Co complex/Ag bio‐nanocomposite significantly decreased the frequency of micronuclei in human lymphocytes exposed to ionization irradiation (IR). The highest protection was observed at 200 μg/ml. Also, maximum antioxidant activities of bio‐nanocomposite were provided at the same dose. These data exhibit the radioprotective effect of a bio‐nanocomposite based on wastes of living organisms can be an excellent radioprotective agent, which can protect the normal cells of human against the genetic damage by IR.
Comprehensive analysis of a new prognosis signature based on histone deacetylases in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Cheng Fajuan , Zheng Bin , Wang Jianwei , Zhao Guiting , Yao Zhongshun , Niu Zhihong , He Wei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHistone deacetylases (HDAC) family is vital for tumorigenesis and tumor progression. However, the exact role of the HDAC family in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remains unclear. Based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC), and The Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database, we investigated and validated the expression profile, clinical significance and prognostic value of HDAC family members in ccRCC. Moreover, we further explored the correlation between HDACs and tumor microenvironment, tumor stemness, drug activity and immune subtype. The HDAC8, HDAC10, and HDAC11 manifested potential clinical value for prognosis, and the correlation analyses reveals underlying molecular mechanisms, which deserve further investigation for ccRCC. This Integrated bioinformatics analysis, based on transcriptomics and proteomics, implied that HDAC8, HDAC10, and HDAC11 may serve as potential molecular biomarkers and therapeutic targets for ccRCC, but some underlying molecular mechanisms still need to be elucidated.