bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3D printable, high energy-absorbing, biomimetic and fractal antler structures
Authors: Zhao Bo , Liu Yuheng , Lu Haibao , Tao Ran 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper developed a new approach to construct geometrically configured biomimetic antler structures, through iterative design processes and finite element simulations, and revealed how such geometric parameters and iteration times influenced their energy absorption and Poisson’s ratios. Such developed biomimetic and fractal antler structures demonstrated significantly improved energy absorption capability under compression, with the design of structural parameters R, N and k, the specific energy absorptions have been increased by 14.4% to 66.8%. And their deformation behaviors were theoretically explained within elastic and small deformations. Accuracy of the obtained simulation and theoretical analysis results were verified through experimental studies. The novel modeling establishing method based on fractal geometry can. This research establishes an effective approach to design the complex structures using fractal geometry and a few variables of structural parameters. It is expected to provide new insights into deformation behavior of high energy-absorption biomimetic and fractal structures and offers theoretical guidance for their engineering designs of structural parameters.
An evolutionary design method for magnetically-actuated origami soft robots
Authors: Cui Chaoyu , Zhang HongChuan , Wang Rixin , Zhu Benliang , Yang Lixin , Zhang Xianmin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Magnetically-actuated origami soft robots (MAOSRs) have attracted substantial attention owing to their inherent merits, such as the ability for remote actuation, high flexibility, and fast response. However, the design of existing MAOSRs primarily relies on a trial-and-error approach, which is highly influenced by the expertise of researchers. The existing designs of MAOSRs mainly consist of conventional crease pattern and straightforward magnetization distributions, restricting the capacity of MAOSRs. To enable the programmed automatic design of MAOSRs that integrates the structure and actuation elements, we propose an evolutionary design framework in this work. The proposed method effectively tackles the optimal design of MAOSRs by concurrently considering the crease pattern, material mechanical properties, remnant magnetization distribution, and applied magnetic field. Two representative design problems, including shape-programming and maximizing target output under magnetic response, have been used to verify the applicability of the design method. Three sets of optimization cases and experiments, including a shape-programming origami arm, and the well-known chomper-based and square twist-based patterns, have been conducted to assess the effectiveness of the proposed method. Finally, pick-and-place and obstacle avoidance experiments were performed to evaluate the performance of the designed square-twist gripper.
Integrable deformations of the flat space sigma model
Authors: Idiab Khalil 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We explore a deformation of the flat space symmetric space sigma model action. The deformed action is designed to allow a Lax connection for the equations of motion, similar to the undeformed model. For this to work, we identify a set of constraints that the deformation operator, which is incorporated into the action, must fulfil. After defining the deformation, we explore simple solutions to these constraints and describe the resulting deformed backgrounds. Specifically, we find flat space in Cartesian coordinates with arbitrary constant H-flux or linear H-flux in a light cone coordinate. Additionally, we find the Nappi-Witten background along with various Nappi-Witten-like backgrounds with near arbitrary constant H-flux. Finally, we discuss the symmetries of the deformed models, finding that the deformed symmetries will always include a set of symmetries that in the undeformed limit becomes the total set of translations.
High-performance broadband photodetectors based on MnSe/SnS2 heterojunction
Authors: Li Kunle , Zhao Shuting , Chen Tong , Li Weijie , Zhao Yu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials have emerged as promising candidates for broadband photodetectors due to their unique optoelectronic properties. However, intrinsic defects and limited spectral response hinder their practical applications. In this study, we developed a novel 2D heterojunction photodetector by combining non-layered p-type MnSe nanosheets with layered n-type SnS2 flakes. The MnSe nanosheets were synthesized using chemical vapor deposition, while the SnS2 flakes were obtained through mechanical exfoliation. The fabricated MnSe/SnS2 heterojunction device exhibited rectifying behavior with an impressive on/off current ratio over 5000. Remarkably, the photodetector demonstrated a broad spectral response ranging from ultraviolet to near-infrared (405–1060 nm), achieving an exceptionally high responsivity of 10 A W−1, a detectivity of 3.06 × 1010 Jones, and an external quantum efficiency of 3068%. The enhanced performance was attributed to the type-II band alignment and built-in potential of the heterojunction, which facilitated effective separation of photogenerated carriers. Furthermore, the device exhibited significant photovoltaic characteristics, enabling self-powered imaging in visible range. This study highlights the potential of 2D non-layered materials in combination with traditional 2D layered materials for the development of high-performance, broadband photodetectors with improved efficiency and self-powered capabilities.
Dielectric barrier discharge air plasma as a comprehensive disinfection approach to E. coli and S. aureus biofilm management
Authors: Udachin Viktor , Dahle Sebastian , Fink Rok 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study aimed to assess the potential of Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) cold atmospheric air plasma for E. coli and S. aureus biofilm management. The bacterial biofilms were grown on stainless-steel coupons and treated with plasma for 1 and 5 min. The results indicate the reduction of E. coli and S. aureus up to 4.3 log CFU ml−1 and 3.3 log CFU ml−1, respectively. The optical emission spectroscopy (OES) shows a possible presence of OH and O species as well as the abundance of N2 and N2
+ features in the plasma. Furthermore, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed changes in wavelengths that are specific for carbohydrates, lipids and proteins when biofilms are treated with plasma for 5 min. This effect was also confirmed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) as carbon species were decreased after plasma treatment whereas phosphorus and potassium were increased due to release from destructed cell wall. Furthermore, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) shows the effect of removing biofilm from the surface, where this effect was the most predominant for 5 min plasma treatment. All in all, our study demonstrates that DBD atmospheric air plasma can effectively reduce biofilm viability due to the presence of reactive nitrogen and possible oxygen species within a phase. Moreover, the applied treatment resulted in the successful eradication of biofilms on the surface of stainless-steel coupons.
Efficient hole extraction by doped-polyaniline/graphene oxide in lead-free perovskite solar cell: a computational study
Authors: Jalaludin Nabilah Ahmad , Salehuddin Fauziyah , Rahim Farah Liyana , Mustafa Ahmad Nizamuddin , Kaharudin Khairil Ezwan , Islam Mohammad Aminul , Amin Nowshad , Arith Faiz 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The intriguing behavior of doped polyanilinine/graphene oxide (PANI/GO) offers a solution to the pivotal problem of device stability against moisture in perovskite solar cell (PSC). Tunable bandgap formation of doped PANI/GO with an absorber layer allows effective flexibility for charge carrier conduction and reduced series resistance further boosting the cell performance. Herein, the L9 Orthogonal Array (OA) Taguchi-based grey relational analysis (GRA) optimization was introduced to intensify the key output responses. Furthermore, this work also delved into incorporating a Pb-free absorber perovskite layer, formamidinium tin triiodide (FASnI3), and concomitantly eluding the environmentally hazardous substance. The numerical optimization supported by statistical analysis is based on experimental data to attain the utmost peak cell efficiency. Taguchi’s L9 OA-based GRA predictive modeling recorded over one-fold enhancement over experimental results, reaching as high as 20.28% power conversion efficiency (PCE). Despite that, the PCE of the structures is severely affected by interface defects at the electron transport layer/absorber (ETL/Abs) vicinity, which is almost zero at merely 1 × 1014 cm−2, manifesting that control measures need to be taken into account. This work deduces the feasibility of ETL/Abs stack structure in replacing the conventional Pb-based perovskite absorber layer, while maximizing the potential use of doped PANI/GO as a hole transport layer (HTL).
Investigation of magnetic properties in Y3Fe5O12/Cr2O3/Pt tri-layers
Authors: Long Zhipeng , Yu Rui , Cao Jiefeng , Zhu Fangyuan , Meng Xiangyu , Yang Jianzhong , Li Junqin , Wang Yong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Artificial multiferroics combining ferroelectric and magnetic materials exhibits a sizable magnetoelectric coupling and further shows a great potential for realizing low power consumption information processing. In this work, hybrid structures consisting of the ferrimagnetic yttrium iron garnet (Y3Fe5O12, (YIG)) layer and anti-ferromagnetic chromium oxide (Cr2O3) layer are deposited directly onto (110)-oriented single-crystal Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)0.7Ti0.3O3 (PMN-PT) ferroelectric substrates by means of radio frequency magnetron sputtering and post-annealing procedures. The dynamical properties of YIG films are investigated via ferromagnetic resonance measurements and a low damping constant of 0.00258 is obtained. Combining the element-specific soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy, x-ray magnetic circular dichroism and x-ray magnetic linear dichroism, the magnetic order in YIG film and the Néel order in Cr2O3 layers are further characterized. By capping a platinum (Pt) layer on PMN-PT/YIG/Cr2O3, a visible spin-charge converted signal has been obtained via both spin pumping and spin Seebeck measurements. These results indicate that the artificial multiferroic structures PMN-PT/YIG/Cr2O3/Pt serve as a promising material platform for realizing an efficient manipulation of magnetism via electrical means.
Correct characteristics curves of Vlasov equation, fully respecting Maxwell equations in plasma kinetic simulation in lagrangian approach
Authors: Lin H , Liu C P 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We strictly demonstrate that the conflict between ordinary differential equations (ODEs) converted, through characteristic curve method, from one of coupled partial differential equations (PDEs) in Vlasov-Maxwell system and other coupled PDEs arises from inappropriate and habitual choice of one of two classes of characteristic curves and can be overcome by choosing another class. More comprehensive consideration on the characteristic curves of Vlasov equation can warrant kinetic simulation in Lagrangian approach getting rid of a well-known downside which refers to violation of Maxwell equations and continuity equation. This yields a sound/robust scheme of kinetic simulation in Lagrangian approach applicable to study a variety of topics. PACS: 52.65.-y.
Micro-machining of Monel K500 using electrical discharge drilling: insights into hole tapering mechanism and surface morphology
Authors: Debnath Kishore , Dutta Hrishikesh , Chaurasia Satish , Rout Matruprasad , Veeman Dhinakaran 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Monel K500, a corrosion-resistant nickel-copper alloy, presents machining difficulties because of its hardness and toughness. Consequently, the efficacy of non-conventional machining processes on this material demands investigation. Substantial research on micro-feature manufacturing on Monel K500 utilizing the micro-electrical discharge drilling (MEDD) technique remains unreported. This investigation is an attempt to study the micro-machining performance of Monel K500 while fabricating through-micro-holes using MEDD process. The one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) approach was adopted to arrive at the optimal combination of voltage (V), capacitance (C), tool speed (TS), and pulse duration (PD) for the best output responses. There is a scarcity of extensive investigations on the tapering mechanism in Monel K500 MEDD, such as the one conducted in this study. The value of material removal rate (MRR) at 160 volts was 7.73 × 10−5 g min−1 with 100 pF capacitance, 200 rpm tool speed, and 5 μs pulse duration. At 220 volts, the MRR increased by 50.06% with the same capacitance, tool speed, and pulse length values, reaching 11.60 × 10−5 g min−1. The values of V, C, TS, and PD corresponding to the optimal combination of MRR (35.68 × 10−5 g min−1) and machining time (MT) (16.19 min) were 220 volts, 10000 pF, 400 rpm, and 20 μs respectively. The micrographs of the machined specimens depicted deviation in hole diameter and the presence of tapering in the though-micro-holes. The study revealed that a micro-hole, machined at low discharge energy (DE), has a smoother surface and more uniform size than one machined at higher DE. Monel K500 is extensively utilized in the aerospace, marine, and chemical sectors because to its superior mechanical qualities and corrosion resistance. A standard set of efficient machining conditions can aid in the accurate manufacturing of Monel K500 components with intricate features via the MEDD process.
Signum-gordon shock waves with spherical symmetry in (2+1) and (3+1) dimensions
Authors: Klimas P , Streibel J S 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study introduces novel, exact solutions to the scalar field Signum-Gordon equation that feature a discontinuity near the light cone. These solutions, applicable in higher spatial dimensions (n > 1), extend previous limitations to one dimension. Our chosen ansatz leads to an ordinary equation with exact solutions obtained for n = 2 and 3 spatial dimensions. The shock wave’s energy trapped within the light cone is proportional to the wave’s n-dimensional volume and the field discontinuity at the wavefront. The investigation delves further into the behavior of shock waves when their driving force, represented by a delta function at the light cone, is disabled. Disabling this delta function disrupts energy transfer, preventing the wave’s propagation as predicted by analytical calculations. We identify the region within the light cones where the field remains unaffected. Two-dimensional (n = 2) simulations reveal the formation of intriguing structures upon source removal. These structures include a central, stable feature resembling an oscillon and a surrounding ring that breaks down into smaller oscillations.
Exact solutions and sensitivity analysis for fractional NLSE in Kerr Media using ϕ⁶-model expansion technique
Authors: Mehdi Khush Bukht , Siddique Imran , Faridi Waqas Ali , Ali Rifaqat , nadeem Muhammad , Zulqarnain Rana Muhammad Muhammad 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The goal of this article is to use the ϕ⁶- - model expansion technique to determine novel exact solutions to&#xD;the fractional paraxial nonlinear Schrodinger equation (NLSE) in Kerr media. The ϕ⁶- - model expansion&#xD;technique is a generalized methodology for finding the families of Jacobi elliptic function solutions using&#xD;the fractional paraxial NLSE. Solutions for trigonometric and hyperbolic functions can be obtained when&#xD;the Jacobi elliptic modulus functions approaches one or zero, respectively. The constraint associated with&#xD;each attained solution guarantees the existence of the solitary wave solutions. To suggest the significant&#xD;propagated structures, several analyzed solutions are established in the practice of contour, 3D, and 2D,&#xD;plots with precise parameter values and limited conditions. The sensitivity analysis predicts the model’s&#xD;dependence on the initial conditions. The outcomes that were obtained are more comprehensive and novel,&#xD;indicating that the used techniques are succinct, simple, and fundamental, and can be expanded to more&#xD;intricate phenomena with the aid of symbolic estimates.
Investigation of GAM zonal flows near the pedestal region of H-mode on EAST tokamak
Authors: Feng Xi , Liu AhDi , Zhuang Ge , Zhou Chu , Zou X.L. , Liu HaiQing , Ye Lei , Dai ZongLiang , Long FeiFei , Wang S.X. , Wang L. , Xu L.Q. , Zhao H.L. , Zhang J. , Zhong X.M. , Wang M.Y. , Wang S.F. , Gao L.T. , Shi W.X. , Qiu S.C. , Li L.X. , Feng Y.F. , Chen X.Y. , Zhang Y.Y. , Lan T. , Li H. , Mao W.Z. , Liu Z.X. , Ding W.X. , Xie J.L. , Liu W.D. , Shi Z.B. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Geodesic acoustic mode (GAM) is the finite frequency counterpart of zonal flow in toroidal plasmas, which could be excited by and regulate turbulence. This article reports a stationary eigenmode GAM at the inner side of the edge radial electric field contributing to an extreme high confinement plasma with

H

98

>
1.3

. Such GAM could be observed exclusively in the vicinity of the pedestal top, but not in the pedestal region itself, which represents a previously unreported phenomenon. The bicoherence analysis demonstrates a robust interaction between the GAM and quasi coherent mode (QCM). Statistical evidence indicates that GAMs with such characteristics display a proclivity for a large q
95 and low collisionality in all instances of H-mode accompanied by QCM. Based on the Gyro-kinetic simulation, the QCM is the low n trapped electron mode (TEM) and that the GAM is driven by TEM. Furthermore, the simulations show that the amplitude of GAM declines in conjunction with an increase in the collisionality, which is consistent with the experimental statistics. Additionally, the simulations demonstrate that the turbulent transport exhibits a corresponding decrease as GAM amplitude declines, implying that GAM and its interaction with the QCM would play an important role in the stability and confinement enhancement of such H-mode.
Comparative analysis of finishing and polishing procedures on gloss and color stability in bioactive dental resin composites
Authors: Hasanain Fatin A , Turkistani Alaa 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of different polishing systems on the color stability of bioactive dental resin composites compared to a conventional composite. Materials and Methods. Two different bioactive dental resin composites (Beautifil Flow Plus F00 and Activa Presto) along with a nanohybrid composite (Filtek Z250 XT) were tested. A total of 20 samples per material were prepared and divided into four groups as per polishing protocol: Sof-Lex Diamond, Jiffy and TorVm polishing systems as well as a control group without polishing. A spectrophotometer was used to measure the color parameters before and after immersion in a coffee solution for 12 days. The color change (ΔE00) was calculated after immersion for each sample. Gloss was also measured at baseline and post immersion using a gloss meter. Results. There was a significant change in both ΔE00 and gloss in all materials (p < 0.05). Z250 XT exhibited better color stability and gloss retention, particularly with the Jiffy system. Beautifil Flow Plus F00 demonstrated acceptable color stability and high gloss with the TorVm discs. Activa Presto showed significant color changes across all polishing systems. Conclusions. This work highlights the importance of understanding the effect of polishing systems on dental resin composites for optimal aesthetic outcomes. Despite the obvious benefits of bioactivity in both Beautifil Flow Plus F00 and Activa Presto, their performance regarding both color stability and gloss retention was lower than the inert Z250 XT. These findings emphasize the need for careful material and technique selection in clinical practice to ensure the longevity and esthetic quality of dental restorations.
Modification of surface and subsurface properties of cold-rolled Ti6Al4V sheets through water jet shot peening
Authors: Avcu Egemen , Armağan Mustafa , Yıldıran Avcu Yasemin , Abakay Eray , Çalım Emirhan , Koç Funda Gül , Guney Mert , Yamanoğlu Rıdvan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Titanium alloys possess remarkable properties, such as high strength, biocompatibility, and resistance to corrosion. Nonetheless, both their surface and subsurface properties require improvements, particularly for applications where surface contact is unavoidable. The present study utilises an emerging mechanical surface treatment technique (water jet shot peening) for modifying the surface and subsurface characteristics of cold-rolled Ti6Al4V sheets. Water jet shot peening was applied on Ti6Al4V samples following an L18 full factorial experimental design, focusing on the variable parameters of process time, standoff distance, and shot mass flow rate. ANOVA indicated that the shot mass flow rate had the greatest impact on the roughness parameters (p < 0.0001). The roughness values of Ra, Rp, and Rv decreased as the shot’s mass flow rate increased, and this decrease was more pronounced as the standoff distance diminished. The surface morphologies of the samples were notably modified by plastic deformation resulting from the repeated impact of shots. The water jet shot peening method modified the grains within the microstructure near the surface region. The grains in the microstructure were oriented perpendicularly to the peening direction to a depth of 5.36 μm beneath the surface, even at minimal peening levels. The surface hardness increased by approximately 64% relative to the hardness of untreated Ti6Al4V alloy (512.43 Hv versus 311.52 Hv), attributed to significant plastic deformation and strain hardening induced by the high kinetic energy of the impacting shots during water jet peening.
A large reverse-genetic screen identifies numerous regulators of testis nascent myotube collective cell migration and collective organ sculpting
Authors: Bischoff Maik C. , Norton Jenevieve E. , Munguia Erika A. , Clark Sarah E. , Gurley Noah J. , Korankye Rebecca , Gyabaah Emmanuel Addai , Encarnacion Taino , Serody Christopher J. , Jones Corbin D. , Peifer Mark 
Published: January 2025

Collective cell migration is critical for morphogenesis, homeostasis, and wound healing. Migrating mesenchymal cells form tissues that shape the body's organs. We developed a powerful model, exploring how Drosophila nascent myotubes migrate onto the testis during pupal development, forming the muscles ensheathing it and creating its characteristic spiral shape. To define genes regulating this, we used RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to identify genes expressed in myotubes during migration. Using this dataset, we curated a list of 131 ligands, receptors, and cytoskeletal regulators, including all Rho/Ras/Rap1 regulators, as candidates. We then expressed 279 short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) targeting these genes and examined adult testes. We identified 29 genes with diverse roles in morphogenesis. Some have phenotypes consistent with defective migration, while others alter testis shape in different ways, revealing the underlying logic of testis morphogenesis. We followed up on the Rho-family GEF dPix in detail. dPix knockdown drastically reduced migration and thus muscle coverage. Our data suggest different isoforms of dPix play distinct roles in this process and reveal a role for its partner Git. We also explored whether dPix regulates Cdc42 activity or cell adhesion. Our RNA-seq dataset and genetic analysis provide an important resource for the community to explore cell migration and organ morphogenesis.