bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cracks in the ice: a digital health initiative disseminating evidence-based information about ‘ice’
Authors: Kershaw S , Birrell L , Champion K , Duong F , Grager A , Stapinski L , Newton N , Kay-Lambkin F , Teesson M , Chapman C 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Crystal methamphetamine (‘ice') causes significant societal harm and attracts a high level of concern in Australia. Cracks in the Ice (CITI: cracksintheice.org.au) is a digital public health initiative that was developed as part of a national response to concerns about ice. CITI is the first centralised national online portal for evidence-based information and resources about ice in Australia. It provides targeted information and resources for health workers, people who use ice, their family and friends, community groups and schools. CITI was developed collaboratively with input from drug and alcohol experts and over 500 Australian community members, including people with lived experience. A national online survey was conducted to evaluate whether CITI is meeting the needs of the Australian community.

Methods
Eligible participants were Australian residents aged 18 years and over, and were recruited via the CITI website, email direct marketing, and social media. The survey assessed participants' perceptions of CITI (e.g., usability, navigation, utility) and their knowledge and attitudes about ice.

Results
2110 participants completed the survey, including people who use ice, affected family members, health workers, and general community members. Participants' response to CITI was overall positive and their knowledge of ice was generally good, but many held negative or stigmatising attitudes towards ice and people who use it.

Conclusions
Digital public health initiatives stand to overcome structural, geographical, and attitudinal barriers to alcohol and other drug (AOD) prevention efforts. CITI ensures evidence-based information about the drug ice is readily available across all of Australia. Community evaluations have shown that CITI is meeting the needs of the Australian community.

Key messages
Crystal methamphetamine (‘ice’) attracts a high level of concern in Australia. CITI is the first centralised national online portal for evidence-based information and resources about ice. Digital health initiatives stand to overcome structural, geographical, and attitudinal barriers to AOD prevention. Community evaluations ensure these initiatives meet the needs of their end-users.
A social media-based campaign to promote COVID-19 vaccine uptake in underrepresented groups in the US
Authors: de Vere Hunt I , Dunn T , Mahoney M , Chen M , Zhang L , Bousheri S , Bernard D , Linos E 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Problem
The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted existing healthcare disparities in the US, with people of color dying from COVID-19 at twice the rate of white people. A striking disparity in vaccination rates for racial minorities followed, with vaccination rates among white people over 2.5 times that for Latinx and nearly twice that for Black people (March 2021). It is vital we ensure tailored public health messaging regarding the COVID-19 vaccine is delivered to all communities. Facebook provides an opportunity for large-scale, targeted health promotion.

Description of practice
Our goal is to increase COVID-19 vaccination uptake across the US, with a specific focus on reaching underrepresented communities most affected by the pandemic. We created a public health campaign centered on a representative group of physicians conveying their own short (&lt;1 minute) video messages that the COVID-19 vaccine is safe and effective. We placed these videos as advertisements on Facebook and directed them using geotargeting to reach zip codes in the US with the highest COVID-19 death rates cross-referenced with zip codes in which &gt;50% of the population is Black or Latinx. We launched the campaign in California on April 9, and nationwide on April 12 2021. The primary outcome measures of the campaign were reach (number of individuals exposed, frequency and duration of views) and engagement (number of likes and shares).

Results
During our campaign (April 9-April 30), the videos appeared on Facebook newsfeeds 54.4 million times, reaching 9.9 million individuals an average of 5.5 times each. Overall, the videos received 10,053 reactions and 1,161 shares. 1.8 million video plays ran for at least 25% of the video.

Lessons
We demonstrate the feasibility of rapid, social media-based dissemination of tailored public health messages regarding the COVID-19 vaccine to communities in need. We are now focusing efforts on strategies to assess the impact of such messaging on vaccination uptake.

Key messages
Geotargeting on social media enabled rapid dissemination of COVID-19 vaccine uptake messages to underrepresented communities. Further work is required to evaluate behavioral change impact.
Association of cyberbullying with depression in high school adolescents
Authors: Villegas Dominguez J , Garcia Sanchez Z , Olazo Chiquito HA , Murillo Monroy J , Marquez Celdonio FG 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
During the SARS-COV 2 pandemic, schools in Mexico adapted to the online modality as a strategy to contain the epidemic, being this new modality for high school students, which could facilitate, together with their social context, a damage to their mental health.

Objectives
To determine the association of cyberbullying with depression in high school adolescents. A comparative, observational, cross-sectional and prospective study was carried out in Veracruz, Mexico, between January and April 2021, including high school students with online classes, and those with a diagnosis of depression, anxiety or if they were consuming drugs that It could alter your mood. A non-probabilistic sampling was carried out and the DASS-21 test (Cronbach 0.87) was applied to determine stress, anxiety and depression and the ECIPQ test to determine cyberbullying (cronbach 0.87)

Results
311 students were included, of which 129 (41.5%) were men, with brown skin in 63.7%, white (32.2%) and yellow in 4.2%, with bisexual sexual preference in 8.4%, with depression in 43.4% %, anxiety 42.8%, stress 26.7%, being cyber victims 43.1% and cyberbullying 20.6%. Being a cybervictim presents OR for depression of 4.1 (95% CI 2.5-6.6), OR for anxiety of 3.8 (95% CI 2.4-6.2), stress OR of 4.2 (95% CI 2.5-7.3). The factors that facilitate cyberbullying were having yellow skin color with OR 4.6 (95% CI 1.2-17.3) and being bisexual with OR 5.0 (95% CI 1.9-12.8), all with a value of p &lt; 0.05.

Conclusions
being a cybervictim facilitates the presence of depression, anxiety and stress in adolescents. Having yellow skin color and being bisexual increases the risk of cyberbullying

Key messages
Being a cybervictim facilitates the presence of depression, anxiety and stress in adolescents. Having yellow skin color and being bisexual increases the risk of cyberbullying.
Quality of life, health and social costs of patients with spinal cord injury: A systematic review
Authors: Diop M , Epstein D , Gaggero A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objective
To systematically reviews the costs, resource uses, clinical complication and quality of life among patients with spinal cord injury.

Methods
A systematic review guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Statement was conducted through Scopus, PubMed and Embase databases.

Results
A total of 52 studies were eligible for inclusion. The estimated lifetime economic burden per individual with SCI ranges from $1.5 million to $3.0 million. Among studies which reported clinical outcomes, the mortality rates were estimated less than 4%, the most medical complication reported are spasticity, pain, pressures score and neurological deteriorations. Overall health status is negatively associated with QoL. People with a higher severity the of injury, a longer duration of injury, ambulatory mode, and with depression are more likely to report score low values of QoL. Employment and salary are consistently positively associated with better QoL. Age is negatively correlated with QoL.

Conclusions
Although spinal cord injury is related with high costs, no studies were found with detailed resources use. Also, A variety of instrument were used to examine how different factors have a role in predicting quality of life in spinal cord injury population. However, it is important to consider that differences found in those studies may at least be part in function of the instruments used. Therefore, standardized instruments should be used as part of these process.

Key messages
Paraplegia or the severity of SCI impact negatively quality of life and positively on healthcare and social costs. Promoting the employment of subjects with SCI generates a positive impact on their quality of life.
Cancer mortality attributable to cigarettes smoking in Tunisian adults, 2016
Authors: Cherif I , Khiari H , Mallekh R , Hsairi M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
The carcinogenic effect of tobacco smoking has been well established. In Tunisia, cancers ranked second leading cause of deaths from non-communicable diseases in 2014. In addition, Tunisia is classified among North African countries with the highest prevalence of tobacco smoking. We aimed in this study to estimate cancer mortality attributable to current cigarettes smoking among Tunisian adults aged 30 years and older in 2016.

Methods
Cancer mortality attributable to current cigarettes smoking was estimated using the population attributable fraction method. This estimation requires to have the number of deaths by cause, age and gender, the prevalence of tobacco use by age and gender, and the relative risks (RR) as measure of associations of tobacco use and diseases related to tobacco. The age and cause specific number of deaths were obtained from the health metrics database. The relative risks were mainly obtained from the Cancer Prevention Study II and the prevalence of current cigarettes smoking in Tunisia was taken from the Tunisian Health Examination Survey, a nationally representative household survey conducted in 2016.

Results
In 2016, 2410 and 31 deaths among Tunisian men and women respectively were attributable to current cigarettes smoking accounting for 54.3% and 1.7% of all deaths from cancers. Among neoplasms, lung and upper aerodigestive tract cancers had the highest proportion of deaths attributable to tobacco smoking. They were responsible for 1702 and 392 deaths attributable to current cigarettes smoking corresponding to 74.5% and 49.1% of the total number of deaths from lung and upper aerodigestive tract cancers respectively.

Conclusions
More than half of cancer deaths among Tunisian men were attributable to current cigarettes smoking. The enforcement of smoking free legislation and the promotion of smoking cessation interventions are thus necessary.

Key messages
Majority of all cancer deaths observed among Tunisian men aged 30 years and over in 2016 were attributable to current cigarettes smoking. Lung cancer had the highest proportion of deaths attributable to Tobacco.
Improving sport spaces into urban areas for healthy and inclusive communities: the case of Milan
Authors: Gola M , Buffoli M , Rebecchi A , Fior M , Daprà F , Vettori MP , Capolongo S 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Cities are health promoters, although many of them lack of spaces for sport practice. In the meanwhile, for instance, several recreational and sport spaces, that can be open to the community, are offered by the network of churches. A research is developing a tool for making more efficient the assets of sport activities in parishes in a multi-generational, inclusive and health education perspective, in response to increasingly evident needs related to social and sports demand, education health, enhancement of the built heritage and social inclusion. The social and technical value based tool merges several issues related to Public Health, Urban Health, sport facilities design, urbanism and social impact.

Methods
The first part of the tool refers to an urban analysis of the city to be investigated and it highlights the correlations among the parishes, sport infrastructures, population density and social inequalities, physical activity and green areas. All the analysis refer to the GIS systems in which all the data are collected and organized by districts.

Results
The application was done in the city of Milan (Italy). The analysis with GIS system gives rise to several maps (a-population health status with a focus on physical activity, b-sport infrastructures availability, c-parishes available, etc.) with different results and they have been merged together. Some areas show some critical aspects related to the lack of public sport spaces, green areas and social inequalities. It permits to select the case studies to be taken in consideration for the application of the Strategic Design Framework, and it will allow to give rise to a detailed examination of the parishes' potentialities for improving the sport practice.

Conclusions
The tool is working progress and it will be validated through the application on 5 case studies in the city of Milan. The research is funded by Politecnico di Milano - PoliSocial Award 2019, entitled “SPèS” (Sport is Society).

Key messages
Social governance, health promotion and urban inclusion, through the reactivation system of the sport infrastructures in the parishes of Milan. Local parishes as health promoters of sport practice: sport infrastructures for the local communities in Milan.
Associations between migraine and dyslipidaemia in the E3N cohort study
Authors: MacDonald CJ , Madika AL , Menegaux F , Boutron-Ruault M C 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Previous case-control and cross-sectional studies have suggested that migraine is associated with an increased likelihood of dyslipidaemia, but it is uncertain if these associations are driven by lifestyle factors such as weight and exercise. This study aimed to explore cross-sectional associations between migraine and dyslipidaemia, whilst controlling for multiple potential confounders, including BMI and physical activity.

Methods
We included 71,582 women from the E3N study, who had provided information on migraine and dyslipidaemia in questionnaires. Dyslipidaemia and migraine were based on self-reports. Logistic regression models were used to assess the association between migraine and prevalent dyslipidaemia, controlling for potential confounders including BMI. As a sensitivity analysis, only dyslipidaemia cases with reimbursement for lipid-lowering medications were considered valid.

Results
Women were at a mean age of 70.9 years at inclusion. Dyslipidaemia was reported by 32,271 women and were reimbursed for lipid-lowering medications in 71.1% (n = 22,919) of cases. History of migraine was reported by 19,589 women. In unadjusted models, ever history of all migraine was not associated with the odds of dyslipidaemia (OR migraine = 1.01 [0.98: 1.05], p = 0.41), but this association was positive after adjusting for potential confounding factors such as age, BMI, and physical activity (OR migraine = 1.04 [1.01: 1.08], p = 0.02) and was consistent when considering only treated dyslipidaemia (OR migraine = 1.04 [1.00: 1.08], p = 0.03).

Conclusions
Migraine was associated with an increase in likelihood of dyslipidaemia, regardless of BMI and physical activity.

Key messages
Migraine is a disease with high prevalence in women. History of migraine is associated with an increased risk of dyslipidaemia.
Cannabis use in high school adolescents of SousseTunisia: Incidence and predictors
Authors: Zammit N , Bennasrallah C , Ghammem R , Ben Fredj S , Farhaoui S , Rim K , Maatoug J , Ghannem H 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Adolescence is a period of physical, psychological and social transformation. It is during adolescence that people are introduced to psychoactive substances such as cannabis. Understanding the predictors of this risk behavior, would help dealing with this problem more efficiently. The current study aimed to determine the incidence and the predictors of cannabis use among high school students in Sousse governorate between 2017/2018 and 2018/2019

Methods
A prospective longitudinal study was conducted in four high schools in the governorate of Sousse during the period from 15/09/2017 to 30/06/2019. Pre-tested self-administered questionnaire served to collect data anonymously among participants about their socio-demographic characteristics, cannabis use, tobacco use, use of electronic cigarettes, illicit substances use, sedentary behavior and mental health disorders among them.

Results
A total of 404 students were included in our study. The average age of participants was 16.4 (±1.1) years. The cumulative incidence of cannabis use among high school students was 2.2%, (95%CI: 0.8%-3.6%). School failure, anxiety problem, cigarette smoking, vaping and illlicit substances use among friends were found to be significantly associated with cannabis experimentation among them. Whereas its most influential factors were: Current cigarette smoking and current vaping with adjusted odds ratio of: 12.9; 95% CI: 2.4-70.2) and 7.2; 95% CI: 1.3-38.8 respectively.

Conclusions
This study highlights the association between cigarette and e-cigarette smoking and cannabis use. Future prevention interventions should focus on these risk behaviors with regard to the environmental context.

Key messages
Cannabis use is not rare among the adolescents of Sousse, Tunisia. Adolescents represent vulnerable sub-group that merit special attention regarding substances use.
Health sciences students’ perception on stigmatization related to COVID-19
Authors: Leventi N , Kazakos E , Vodenitcharova A , Popova K , Velikov S , Yanakieva A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
The current COVID-19 pandemic is a challenge for the health sector all over the world. According to WHO, stigma related to COVID-19 can lead to underreporting, increased exposure and low adherence to standard safety precautions thus complicating adequate responses to the pandemic. The purpose of our research was to analyze students' perceptions on issues related to the COVID-19 pandemic with a special focus on relevant ethical issues. Herein, we present results related to student's perceptions on stigmatization.

Methods
A web-based questionnaire was distributed among 715 students; medical students from Medical University -Sofia, Bulgaria and midwifery students from the University of Western Macedonia, Greece. It included 21 questions on socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge on the transmission, symptoms and treatment of COVID-19. The study was conducted between April and July 2020. All the students participated anonymously and voluntarily.

Results
Data collected show that the main reasons for stigma experience are the presence of cough or flu-like symptoms (67.4%) and travel from high-risk regions (72.6%). These perceptions were significantly higher among medical students (72.5% and 75.7%) compared to other specialties - midwives (59.1%, 67.6%). Asian origin, health professionals as first respondents and release from quarantine were also considered as significant stigma-related factors in about one-third of all participants, respectively.

Conclusions
Identification of the main public perceptions that may lead to stigmatization and discrimination of patients and vulnerable groups is important in a focused approach to counter its impact on societies. Providing up-to-date education to medical professionals, mitigating the spread of misinformation by real-time monitoring of digital resources, improving public literacy on COVID-19 and establishing a community-level dialogue through digital and social media platforms may raise awareness to reduce stigma.

Key messages
Long-term Public health strategies are required to combat misconceptions that perpetuate stigma, in order to achieve better outcomes and improved treatment, and protect mental health. As the global COVID-19 health emergency transforms into an unprecedented social crisis, special attention is necessary among vulnerable people to ensure social integrity.
Human rights restrictions during COVID-19 pandemic – Healthcare students’ perceptions
Authors: Kazakos E , Farmaki P , Leventi N , Vodenitcharova A , Popova K , Velikov S , Yanakieva A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
In order contain COVID19 spread, states adopted measures that confer transient disruptions in human rights. WHO acknowledged early on, that human rights should be embraced as an integral compound of the public health approach to COVID19. The aim of our research was to demonstrate healthcare students' perceptions on restrictions imposed on human rights, as part of COVID19 response.

Methods
Our cross-sectional survey employed a web-based questionnaire distributed among 715 students from Bulgarian and Greek health sciences faculties. All respondents participated anonymously and voluntarily. Data was collected between April and July 2020. Data analysis was conducted using established statistical methods.

Results
Among respondents, nearly two thirds of Greek students (66%), would accept, either categorically or highly probably, the implementation of measures that may impact core human rights, as opposed to 53% of those of Bulgarian origin. Inability to assess and non-acceptance of compulsory restrictions, were significantly high among participants (33% to 45%), irrespective of nationality or field of studies.

Conclusions
Remarkable disparities observed, require further evaluation as to the causes associated with non-acceptance of measures enforced during a public health emergency. This preliminary study, illustrates that stakeholders should provide priority assistance to health sciences students that may, inter alia, be used to promote risk communication, enhance public engagement and allow the allocation of frontline healthcare resources. Education, involvement in clinical activities, decision-making and policy may be used to overcome any apprehensions, given that healthcare students are the qualified workforce in future public health crises. Participation of academic institutions in shared governance ensures transparency and scientific evidence to justify emergency measures to tackle public health threats, thereby affecting positively students' perceptions.

Key messages
Evidence-based resources and addressing transient human rights disruptions are important in maximizing healthcare students’ awareness and effective participation during the pandemic. All participating bodies should safeguard core principles of human rights and ensure that all measures taken are rational, proportional, non-discriminatory and grounded in applicable legal frameworks.