bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early social context does not influence behavioral variation at adulthood in ants
Authors: Sanmartín-Villar Iago , Jeanson Raphaël 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEarly experience can prepare offspring to adapt their behaviors to the environment they are likely to encounter later in life. In several species of ants, colonies show ontogenic changes in the brood-to-worker ratio that are known to have an impact on worker morphology. However, little information is available on the influence of fluctuations in the early social context on the expression of behavior in adulthood. Using the ant Lasius niger, we tested whether the brood-to-worker ratio during larval stages influenced the level of behavioral variability at adult stages. We raised batches of 20 or 180 larvae in the presence of 60 workers until adulthood. We then quantified the activity level and wall-following tendency of callow workers on 10 successive trials to test the prediction that larvae reared under a high brood-to-worker ratio should show greater behavioral variations. We found that manipulation of the brood-to-worker ratio influenced the duration of development and the size of individuals at emergence. We detected no influence of early social context on the level of between- or within-individual variation measured for individual activity level or on wall-following behavior. Our study suggests that behavioral traits may be more canalized than morphological traits.
A Multidisciplinary Approach to Rectal Cancer Treatment in Ulcerative Colitis Results in High Rate of Restorative Minimally Invasive Surgery
Authors: Carvello Michele , Bellato Vittoria , Maroli Annalisa , Hart Ailsa , Danese Silvio , Warusavitarne Janindra , Spinelli Antonino 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
Few recent studies focus on the treatment of rectal cancer in patients with ulcerative colitis. We report treatment options and results for this subset of patients with a multimodal approach at two European referral centres.

Methods
Ulcerative colitis patients diagnosed with rectal cancer arising at less than 15 cm from the anal verge between January 2010 and December 2020 were analysed. Demographics, clinical data, and details of medical and surgical treatment were retrieved from prospectively collected institutional databases.

Results
Of 132 patients with ulcerative colitis and concomitant colorectal cancer, rectal cancer was diagnosed in 46. The median time between disease onset and rectal cancer diagnosis was 17.5 years; 21/46 were preoperatively staged as early tumours [cT1-T2/N0]. Eleven patients received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced extraperitoneal adenocarcinoma, and the rest underwent surgery first. Over two-thirds of the procedures were restorative [68%]; a minimally invasive approach was used in 96% of patients, with no conversion to open. The median follow-up was 44 months. Local recurrence occurred in three patients [6%]. The cumulative 3-year cancer-specific survival rate was 94% [and the 3-year disease-free rate was 86%].

Conclusions
Rectal cancer in ulcerative colitis is a very complex condition. Our results show that surgery for rectal cancer can be delivered with excellent oncological and functional outcomes in patients with ulcerative colitis. A multidisciplinary discussion among surgeons, gastroenterologists, and medical oncologists is key to ensure the appropriate treatment pathway for individual patients.
Identifying and Predicting the Goals and Concerns Prioritised by Individuals with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Tse Chung Sang , Van Citters Aricca D , Ricci Brittany , Freundlich Noah Z , Lee Moses , Shah Samir A , Melmed Gil Y , Siegel Corey A , van Deen Welmoed K ,   IBD Qorus, Almario Christopher , Arrieta Rose , Banty Andrea , Bray Harry , Bresee Catherine , Carron Jessica , Charabaty Aline , Crate Damara J , Danielewicz Michael , Deitch Josh , Farraye Francis , Fasanya Helen , Flynn Ann , Gerich Mark , Gerner Donna , Ha Christina , Heagy Erica , Holthoff Megan , Hou Jason , Hudesman David , Hwang Caroline , Kaufman Lia , Kaur Nirmal , Kearney Kristi , Kennedy Alice M , Kim Betty , Kwon Michelle , Le Helen , Lum Donald , Mattar Mark , Metwally Mark , Mize Carrie , Morgan Emily , Morris-McCoy Linda , Nelson Eugene , Oberai Ridhima , Oliver Brant , Oonk Alexis , Ostrov Arthur , Pashby Teresa , Reddy Swapna , Roake Kami , Rubin David , Scott Frank , Shukla Richa , Singh Siddharth , Syal Gaurav , Traboulsi Cindy , Turner Quin , Valentine John , Vrabie Raluca , Walker Trisha , Weatherly Julie , Weaver Alandra , Williams Emmanuelle , Younes Ziad , Zisman Tim 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
In order to provide high-quality care, providers need to understand their patients’ goals and concerns. This study aims to identify and predict the goals and concerns prioritised by patients with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] in the outpatient setting.

Methods
Mixed-methods analysis was performed to identify the types, frequencies, and predictors of IBD patients’ goals and concerns using 4873 surveys collected over 2016–2019 at 25 gastroenterology clinics across the USA participating in the Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation’s IBD Qorus Learning Health System.

Results
Patients with IBD most often prioritised goals and concerns related to symptoms/disease activity [50%] and clinical course/management [20%], whereas psychosocial/quality of life [12%] and medication [6%] concerns were less frequent. Females (odds ratio [OR] 22.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] 5.3–91.5) and patients in clinical remission [OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.2–4.1] were more likely to prioritise family planning. Patients &gt;60 years old [OR 3.1, 95% CI 1.5–6.5] and patients with active disease [OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.4–7.6] were more often concerned about travelling. Smokers were more often concerned about nutrition [OR 4.2, 95% CI 1.9–9.2]. Surgery was more often a concern of patients with perianal Crohn’s disease [OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.2–3.5], active disease [OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.1–3.4], and those with recent hospitalisations [OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.2–5.4].

Conclusions
IBD patients prioritised the remission of physical symptoms as treatment goals and they were less frequently concerned about medications and their side effects. Patients’ demographics, IBD characteristics, and health care utilisation patterns can predict specific types of concerns/goals.
Poor adherence to guideline-directed anticoagulation in elderly Chinese patients with atrial fibrillation: a report from the Optimal Thromboprophylaxis in Elderly Chinese Patients with Atrial Fibrillation (ChiOTEAF) registry
Authors: Guo Yutao , Kotalczyk Agnieszka , Imberti Jacopo F , Wang Yutang , Lip Gregory Y H ,   ChiOTEAF Registry Investigators
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimsAdherence to guideline-directed oral anticoagulation (OAC) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) improves outcomes, but limited data are available from China. We evaluated the adherence to guideline-directed anticoagulation and its impact on clinical outcomes in a high-risk cohort of elderly Chinese patients.Methods and resultsThe Optimal Thromboprophylaxis in Elderly Chinese Patients with Atrial Fibrillation (ChiOTEAF) registry is a prospective, multicentre study conducted from October 2014 to December 2018. Endpoints of interest were all-cause death, thromboembolic (TE) events and major bleedings in patients with a guideline-directed indication for OACs (CHA2DS2-VASc ≥1 if male or ≥2 if female). The eligible cohort consisted of 5742 patients, of whom 2567 (44.7%) patients were treated with an OAC. Seven independent predictors of OAC undertreatment were identified: age [odds ratio (OR): 1.04; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03–1.05; P &lt; 0.001], first diagnosed AF (OR: 1.71; 95%CI: 1.44–2.03; P &lt; 0.001), chronic kidney disease (OR: 1.67; 95%CI: 1.36–2.06; P &lt; 0.001), liver disease (OR: 1.69; 95%CI: 1.19–2.41; P = 0.003), dementia (OR: 1.67; 95%CI: 1.06–2.64; P = 0.026), prior extracranial bleeding (OR: 1.89; 95%CI: 1.35–2.64; P &lt; 0.001), and the use of antiplatelet drug (OR: 6.97; 95%CI: 5.89–8.23; P &lt; 0.001). On multivariate analysis, OAC undertreatment was significantly associated with a higher risk all-cause death (OR: 3.79; 95%CI: 2.61–5.53; P &lt; 0.001) and TE events (OR: 2.28; 95%CI: 1.39–3.72; P = 0.001), and a similar risk of major bleeding as compared with guideline-directed OAC therapy.ConclusionOnly 44.7% of all eligible patients were prescribed OAC in accordance with guideline recommendations. The independent predictors for OAC undertreatment were age, first diagnosed AF, chronic kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, prior extracranial bleeding, and the use of the antiplatelet drugs. Guideline-adherent thromboprophylaxis was safe and may be associated with improved survival and less TE among elderly Chinese patients with AF.
The wild card: colonial paper money in French North America, 1685 to 1719
Authors: Cutsinger Bryan P , Geloso Vincent , Bédard Mathieu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We use the first French experiment with playing card money in its colony of Quebec between 1685 and 1719 to illustrate the link between legal tender restrictions and the price level. Initially, the quantity of playing card money and the government’s poor fiscal condition appears to have had little effect on prices. After 1705, however, the playing card money became inflationary. We argue that this was caused by the government’s increased enforcement of the legal tender laws and the adoption of a redemption plan intended to remove the notes from circulation.
Trends of adequate hypertensive patients from 2017 to 2019 in Portuguese Primary Health Care
Authors: Roxo Fernando , Santiago Luiz Miguel 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
Arterial hypertension (AHT) adequate monitoring implies, follow-up, non-pharmacological and pharmacological therapeutic measures in the General Practice (GP). The Primary Health Care Identity Card (BI-CSP) platform collects wide-nation data, disaggregatable down to the level of the Regional Health Administration (RHA) and the Health Centres Cluster (HCC). We intended to study the trends of the indicator ‘Proportion of hypertensive patients with adequate monitoring’, April to June, 2017 to 2020, at the nationwide total and by RHA.

Methods
Cross-sectional observational study, of a sample of randomised HCC of each RHA. Data from April to June, 2017 to 2020, were collected from the BI-CSP for the health indicator. Trends were calculated for 2017 to 2019, for 2017 to 2020 and for the mean of the period 2017 to 2019 and 2020, nationwide and by RHA.

Results
At nation-wide level, a trends of Δ = +20.03 for 2017 and 2019, of Δ = -0.06 for 2017 and 2020 and of Δ = -0.18 for the mean of the triennial 2017–2019 period and 2020. At the RHA level, positive trends existed between 2017 and 2019. The trends between 2017 and 2020 were distinctively negative, more marked in the North (Δ = -27.33) but still positive for Algarve (Δ = +55.78).

Conclusions
The positive trends from 2017 to 2019 disappeared with the COVID19 pandemics. Harmful outcomes in the long term are so to be expected. RHA differences mean health inequities. Portuguese GP need new tactics to tackle the strategy of adequate control of AHT: Pro-activity in face-to-face consultations at well-defined times and distance contacts.
Self-medication habits during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Campos Erica , Espírito-Santo Margarida , Nascimento Tânia 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
Self-medication is a common practice worldwide. During COVID-19 pandemic, the constant fear of going outside and to use health services may have had an impact in the number of visits to Community Pharmacies. This research aimed to study self-medication habits of the Portuguese population during the current pandemic, more specifically, to understand which non-prescription drugs and food supplements were taken and the situations that conduced to the use of self-medication.

Methods
An online structured survey was conducted, with data obtained anonymously and included 170 participants (≥18 years). Data were processed using SPSS v26.

Results
Participants in this study were mainly female (81.2%), with a mean age of 38.01 ± 1.16 years old and most (84.7%) over 12 years of schooling. Answers allowed to verify that the current pandemic didn’t affect that much the frequency of visits to Pharmacy and the situations where people used self-medication were mainly minor, such as headaches (54.1%) and muscle pains (26.5%). The medications used more often were analgesics (60.0%) and anti-inflammatory (40.0%). However, many people indicated that they didńt seek for more information about medicines (49.4%) and/or supplements (7.6%) used during this period. In general, people visited the Pharmacy with a similar frequency and purpose as the previous year.

Conclusions
Despite all the changes, the current pandemic has not negatively affected the practice of self-medication. The role of Pharmacy professionals in the rational use of the drugs, particularly those used in self medicated situations is essential, especially when the population shows low health literacy regarding the use of medicines.
Veggies4myHeart—a digital game to promote vegetable consumption in preschool children
Authors: Braga-Pontes Cátia , Simões-Dias Sara , Lages Marlene , Guarino Maria Pedro , Graça Pedro 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
Vegetable consumption is particularly low in childhood and is one of the main concerns about diet in this age range. Vegetable consumption is associated with better cardiovascular health and the prevention of other chronic non-communicable diseases. Therefore, it is important to find strategies to promote vegetable consumption at early ages, since eating habits established in childhood tend to persist into adulthood. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of using a digital game on knowledge about vegetables and his consumption, in preschool children.

Methods
This is an experimental study conducted in a Portuguese preschool, with children from 3 to 6 years (n = 39). A pre- and post-test were conducted to determine vegetable intake (carrot, lettuce, cucumber, tomato and purple cabbage) and knowledge about vegetables. The intervention consisted of 20-minutes educational sessions with the digital game Veggies4myHeart, once a week for five weeks. A 6-month follow-up was realized.

Results
There was a statistically significant increase in the consumption of all vegetables from the pre- test to the post-test. Intake at follow-up was higher than pre-test for the five vegetables and the intake of cucumber and tomato was higher in the follow-up than in post-test. In the knowledge assessment, a higher number of correct answers were obtained in the post-test.

Conclusions
The use of the digital game ‘Veggies4myHeart’ had a positive impact on the consumption and knowledge about vegetables in preschool children. The use of digital games could be a useful tool for conducting nutrition education with preschool children.
The consumer perspective of labeling on foodstuffs—review
Authors: Abreu Bruno 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
The information present on food labels is essential to provide consumers with proper guidance on the quality of food products, allowing the choice of a nutritionally balanced diet. Easy-to-read systems can help hungry consumers make healthier choices at the time of purchase. The goal of this research is verifying the efficacy of different food labels on foodstuffs by the consumer choices.

Methods
Scientific articles were analysed from 2016 to 2020, based on Pubmed and Google Scholar. Keywords such as food label, foodstuffs, food industry and consumer were used.

Results
From scientific research, six articles were analysed. Thus, it is estimated the analysis of 2069 participants were recruited through a large web panel provider. Age, gender, and socioeconomic status quotas were applied to recruit a diverse sample of consumers. The participants choose the healthfulness (less healthy, moderately healthy, healthier) of the foodstuffs. The Multiple Traffic Light led to significant differences in choices between healthier and less healthy products, but not moderately healthy products. No significant differences in choices were observed by product healthfulness when the Daily Intake Guide was present. The Nutrition Facts Panel was viewed for only 7% of all packages.

Conclusions
On some food labels it is possible to find wrong information due to the use of ambiguous and confusing words that are easily disseminated. Effective strategies are needed to promote both food choices made by consumers and food industry formulations. Nutrition is an essential key to maintaining health, so it should be done as an incentive to improve health.
Delayed antibiotic prescription in upper respiratory tract infections: a new trend?
Authors: Castanheira Carolina , Andrade Isabel , Cruz Rui 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
Upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) are one of the main reasons for consultation in primary care. Approximately 60% of all antibiotic prescriptions aim at the treatment of URTI, even without a laboratory-based diagnosis. Delayed antibiotic prescription in primary care has shown to reduce antibiotic consumption, without increasing risk of complications, yet is not widely used. Rapid tests to confirm the etiology of URTI are available at pharmacies, but not purchased routinely. In this context, the aim of this study is to assess the knowledge of rapid tests for the diagnosis of URTI, and the awareness of strategies to decrease antibiotic use.

Methods
A team of experts in the field developed a questionnaire specifically for the purpose of this study. The Pharmacy graduate students of ESTESC-Coimbra Health School (Portugal) answered the questionnaire online.

Results
Over 90% of the respondents with a URTI stated that the general practitioner prescribed the antibiotic without a lab test. When given the option, 58% are willing to pay up to 50 Euros for a rapid test, yet are not familiar with any brand. Although the respondents aren’t familiarized with the concept, when asked, the majority (87%) are more likely to choose a delayed than an immediate prescription.

Conclusions
Pharmacy graduates are willing to support the use of delayed prescription, to give time for the lab confirmation of the diagnosis. A broader dissemination of the clinical evidence supporting the use of rapid tests and of delayed prescription is necessary to help managing URTI.
Prefrontal cortex oxygenation and sleep quality in cognitive dual-task—fNIR study
Authors: Saraiva Marina , Vilas-Boas João Paulo , Castro Maria António 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
Previous studies suggest that poor sleep quality negatively affects the executive function of the prefrontal cortex and, consequently, the impairment of learning abilities. The aim of this study was to compare the oxygenated hemoglobin concentration ([HbO2]) during cognitive dual-task with subjective sleep quality in young adults.

Methods
Thirty-two healthy young adults (age = 23.13 ± 3.92 years, mean ± SD) were recruited according to the eligibility criteria. Using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIR), oxygenated hemoglobin concentration ([HbO2]) was measured during quiet standing while performing a concurrent cognitive task - arithmetic and memory tasks (cognitive dual-task). The quality of sleep was assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). After data processing, the Mann-Whitney test was used for comparison and the statistical significance level was set to P &lt; 0.05.

Results
There were 59.4% of participants with a global PSQI score ≤5 (good sleep quality) and 40.6% with a score &gt; 5 (poor sleep quality). No differences were observed in the mean of [HbO2] in prefrontal cortex during cognitive dual-task in young adults with good and poor sleep quality (P &gt; 0.05).

Conclusions
The results of this study do not support the possibility of increases in the hemodynamic response on the prefrontal cortex be expected due to a good sleep, once the sleep quality appears not to have a significant effect on [HbO2] in young adults during the performance of cognitive dual-task.
Effects of the first quarantine in seated time of the Portuguese population
Authors: Cavaleiro Alexandre , Marouvo Joel , Saraiva Marina , Santos Carlos , Castro Maria 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
Seating for long periods is associated with several health conditions and increases the risk of death from cardiovascular disease and cancer. With the COVID-19 pandemic, confinement was declared to avoid transmission. This measure affected people mobility who couldn’t leave their homes. Though the present study aims to analyze the impact of this measure on the average seated time of the Portuguese population.

Methods
The study was based on an online survey, approved by the IPC ethics committee, that inquired about the meantime people were seated in a weekday before and during confinement. 536 Portuguese mean aged 42.2 years (±14.8) completed the survey. The valid responses were obtained from the 18th of March till the 30th of April 2020. The data of the average seated time in the two periods before (T0) and during (T1) the quarantine was analyzed through the Wilcoxon test.

Results
The table displays the average value (X) and the standard derivation (SD) of the seated time in a weekday (STWD), from our study. The statistics analysis (P) between T0 and T1 are present in the same table.

Conclusions
The STWD showed significant differences between both periods (P &lt; 0.001). The average time in a sited position of this population had an increase greater than 2 hours during the quarantine.
New clusters of type 2 diabetes mellitus and their outcomes: relation between pharmacological treatment and previous cardiovascular events
Authors: Santos Claudio , Brito-Costa Sonia , Margalho Luis , Monteiro Pedro 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is the most common form of diabetes in adults, with 90% to 95% of cases. This study aims to establish clusters and have knowledge about the relationship between previous cardiovascular events and pharmacological treatment for T2DM.

Methods
191 participants (EG) with T2DM with the average of 70.3 years (SD = 8.3) and 36 with pre-diabetes (CG) with an average of 62 years (SD = 10.3) who participated in clinical trials at Clinical Research Unit in Cardiology of Coimbra Hospital and Universitary Centre without cognitive difficulties, were divided in 5 different clusters. These were established based on six different variables: body mass index (BMI), age of each individual, age at diagnosis of DMT2, glycated haemoglobin value (HbA1c), homeostatic model that estimates the function of β cells (HOMA2-B) and insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR).

Results
Cluster 1 presented pre-diabetic individuals (15.9%), while diabetic individuals were divided into clusters 2 (1.8%), 3 (17.6%), 4 (21.1%) and 5 (43.6%). Regarding the study of the prevalence of previous cardiovascular events, the majority of individuals present in the different clusters had history of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). As for the prevalence of pharmacological treatment for DMT2, it was found that metformin was the most used drug. It was observed a relationship between previous AMI and metformin administration in clusters 3 (P = 0.0027; P &lt; 0.05) and 5 (P = 0.0059; P &lt; 0.05).

Conclusions
It was possible to create different clusters in a sample of the Portuguese population and to observe the existence of dependency relationships between different previous cardiovascular events and pharmacological treatment.