bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between sensation seeking, alcohol problems and bulimic symptoms: a community-based, longitudinal study
Authors: Hirvelä Leon , Sipilä Pyry N. , Keski-Rahkonen Anna 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The association of bulimic symptoms with sensation seeking is uncertain; however, both behaviors have been linked to alcohol problems. We assessed in a longitudinal, community-based setting whether sensation seeking in adolescence is associated with bulimic symptoms in early adulthood, also accounting for alcohol problems.

Methods
Finnish men (N = 2000) and women (N = 2467) born between 1974–1979 completed Zuckerman’s sensation seeking scale (SSS) at age 18. Alcohol problems (Malmö-modified Michigan alcoholism screening test (Mm-MAST) and bulimic symptoms [eating disorder inventory-2, bulimia subscale (EDI-Bulimia), population and clinical scoring systems] were defined at age 22–27. We examined relationships between SSS, Mm-MAST, and EDI-Bulimia using Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) and linear regression.

Results
Alcohol problems were moderately correlated with sensation seeking and bulimic symptoms (population scoring) among women and men (r = 0.21–0.31). The correlation between sensation seeking and bulimic symptoms (population scoring) was weak among men (r = 0.06, p = 0.006) and even weaker and non-significant among women (r = 0.03, p = 0.214). Adjustment for alcohol problems removed the association between sensation seeking and bulimic symptoms among men. Furthermore, there were no significant correlations between sensation seeking and bulimic symptoms when assessing EDI-Bulimia clinical scoring.

Conclusion
Sensation seeking and bulimic symptoms were not associated among women. The association between sensation seeking and bulimic symptoms among men was entirely attributable to increased alcohol problems among those with higher sensation seeking. While this association may be important on the population level, its clinical significance may be minor.

Level of evidence
Level III, well-designed cohort study.
More than ancillary records: clinical implications of renal pathology examination in tumor nephrectomy specimens
Authors: Kläger Johannes Philipp , Al-Taleb Ahmad , Pavlovic Mladen , Haitel Andrea , Comperat Eva , Fajkovic Harun , Kikić Željko , Kain Renate , Kozakowski Nicolas 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Nephrectomy is the management of choice for the treatment of renal tumors. Surgical pathologists primarily focus on tumor diagnosis and investigations relating to prognosis or therapy. Pathological changes in non-neoplastic tissue may, however, be relevant for further management and should be thoroughly assessed.

Methods
Here, we examined the non-neoplastic renal parenchyma in 206 tumor nephrectomy specimens for the presence of glomerular, tubulo-interstitial, or vascular lesions, and correlated them with clinical parameters and outcome of renal function.

Results
We analyzed 188 malignant and 18 benign or pseudo-tumorous lesions. The most common tumor type was clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC, n = 106) followed by papillary or urothelial carcinomas (n = 25). Renal pathology examination revealed the presence of kidney disease in 39 cases (18.9%). Glomerulonephritis was found in 15 cases (7.3%), and the most frequent was IgA nephropathy (n = 6; 2.9%). Vasculitis was found in two cases (0.9%). In 15 cases we found tubulo-interstitial nephritis, and in 9 severe diabetic or hypertensive nephropathy. Partial nephrectomy was not linked to better eGFR at follow-up. Age, vascular nephropathy, glomerular scarring and interstitial fibrosis were the leading independent negative factors influencing eGFR at time of surgery, whereas proteinuria was associated with reduced eGFR at 1 year.

Conclusion
Our large study population indicates a high incidence of renal diseases potentially relevant for the postoperative management of patients with renal neoplasia. Consistent and systematic reporting of non-neoplastic renal pathology in tumor nephrectomy specimens should therefore be mandatory.
Modelling of Mass Transfer Resistances in Non-uniformly Washcoated Monolith Reactors
Authors: Walander M. , Sjöblom J. , Creaser D. , Agri B. , Löfgren N. , Tamm S. , Edvardsson J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThere are various methodologies to account for mass transfer within non-uniformly distributed washcoats in monolith reactors in 1D models (axially). However, 1+1D models (axially/radially) fail to capture local variations in mass transfer from different coating thicknesses or cracks. In this paper, we present a novel way to account for local material properties in a washcoated monolith reactor. The suggested method uses an existing 1+1D modelling framework and sectionalizes the washcoat into multiple tangential segments which are solved independently. Intelligent gravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy are used in combination to calculate local effective diffusivity as an input for each simulation. The new model is compared to the original 1+1D model using NO light-off simulations. The new model predicted increased conversion at elevated temperatures, where mass transfer limitations are present, due to the higher porosity in the corners. The simulation time for each model was similar due to the parallelizable nature of the new model.
On the frequency of height values
Authors: Dill Gabriel A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe count algebraic numbers of fixed degree d and fixed (absolute multiplicative Weil) height $${\mathcal {H}}$$
H
with precisely k conjugates that lie inside the open unit disk. We also count the number of values up to $${\mathcal {H}}$$
H
that the height assumes on algebraic numbers of degree d with precisely k conjugates that lie inside the open unit disk. For both counts, we do not obtain an asymptotic, but only a rough order of growth, which arises from an asymptotic for the logarithm of the counting function; for the first count, even this rough order of growth exists only if $$k \in \{0,d\}$$

k
∈
{
0
,
d
}

or $$\gcd (k,d) = 1$$

gcd
(
k
,
d
)
=
1

. We therefore study the behaviour in the case where $$0< k < d$$

0
<
k
<
d

and $$\gcd (k,d) > 1$$

gcd
(
k
,
d
)
>
1

in more detail. We also count integer polynomials of fixed degree and fixed Mahler measure with a fixed number of complex zeroes inside the open unit disk (counted with multiplicities) and study the dynamical behaviour of the height function.
Wie analysiert man die Lesung eines geschriebenen Gedichts?
Authors: Döring Jörg 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Untersuchung versteht sich als Beitrag zu einer empirischen Erforschung von Lyriklesungen und analysiert Monika Rincks Vortrag ihres Gedichtes »Alles Sinnen und Trachten« und die ihn begleitende Rahmungskommunikation auf einer Lesung vom 3. Dezember 2019 in Siegen. Die Ergebnisse dieser Analyse werden in Beziehung gesetzt zu einer traditionell schrifthermeneutischen Lektüre des Gedichts auf der Buchseite.
Identifying Heated Rocks Through Feldspar Luminescence Analysis (pIRIR290) and a Critical Evaluation of Macroscopic Assessment
Authors: Pop E. , Reidsma F. H. , Reimann T. , Sier M. J. , Arps C. E. S. , Gaudzinski-Windheuser S. , Roebroeks W. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThroughout (pre)history, non-flint rocks have been used to structure fireplaces, to retain heat, to boil liquids, and to cook food. Thus far, the identification of heated non-flint rocks in archaeological contexts largely depends on a visual (macroscopic) assessment using criteria thought to be diagnostic for thermal alteration. However, visual identification can be subject to observer bias, and some heat-induced traces can be quite difficult to distinguish from other types of weathering or discolouration. In this paper, we present feldspar luminescence analysis as an independent, objective way to identify heated non-flint rocks and to evaluate the results against the established visual macroscopic method for the identification of such pieces. This is done by submitting manuported rocks with and without inferred macroscopic characteristics of heating, originating from the Last Interglacial, Middle Palaeolithic site Neumark-Nord 2/2 (Germany), to feldspar luminescence analysis (pIRIR290). Results of the feldspar luminescence analysis are compared with the visual assessments. This proof of concept study demonstrates the potential of luminescence analyses as an independent, quantitative method for the identification of heated rocks—and their prehistoric applications like hot-stone cooking, specifically for cases where macroscopic assessment cannot provide reliable determinations.
Zu wenig oder zu viel? Warum Dankbarkeit im Rahmen der Gabe-Theorie betrachtet werden sollte
Authors: Landweer Hilge 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungIn Schnitzlers Erzählung „Wohltaten still und rein gegeben“ geht es zentral um das Betteln. Die Hauptfigur erhält eine größere Geldgabe, will aber die Dankesschuld nicht übernehmen, die damit verbunden ist. Der Empfänger der Gabe glaubt, durch das Akzeptieren der Dankesschuld den Status eines Bettlers zugewiesen zu bekommen. Der Beitrag interpretiert Schnitzlers Erzählung neu, und zwar stärker gabentheoretisch. Dies erlaubt eine andere Perspektive als die von Nisters auf die Asymmetrien, die durch Wohltaten entstehen, und wirft die Frage auf, in welchen Fällen sie ausgeglichen werden sollten, falls sie überhaupt ausgeglichen werden können.Beim Betteln gibt es auf beiden Seiten Unsicherheiten über die Bewertung der Größe der Gabe; in der Erzählung kippt die Bewertung von „zu groß“ in „zu wenig“. Allgemein ist beim Geben, so die These, „zu viel“ ebenso problematisch wie „zu wenig“: Im ersten Fall verpflichtet der Gebende den Empfänger in unstatthafter Weise, nämlich so, dass er sich nicht revanchieren kann und sich dadurch erniedrigt fühlt. Im zweiten kommt der Geber einer unausgesprochenen Verpflichtung nicht nach, dem Anderen vom eigenen Wohlstand in angemessener Weise abzugeben und demütigt den Empfänger durch die Geringfügigkeit. Beim Ausgleich von Gabe und Gegengabe, auch durch Dankbarkeit, geht es nicht um exakte Symmetrie, sondern um Angemessenheit an die Situation.Eine Dankesschuld, zu der man sich gegen den eigenen Willen und damit zu Unrecht verpflichtet fühlt, kann als dunkle Seite der Dankbarkeit verstanden werden. Eine solche Schuld verwandelt das Gefühl von Dankbarkeit in Ärger.
Der doppelte Franz und das Danaergeschenk
Authors: Nickl Peter 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungWährend Thomas Nisters eine Parallele zwischen Dankbarkeit und Ärger zu ziehen versucht, könnte die Pointe der Geschichte in einer mehrfachen Verdoppelung zu sehen sein: der schenkenden Handlung, der Gabe, der beschenkten Person, des Schenkenden. Der Umschlag von Dankbarkeit zu Ärger ist weniger verwunderlich, wenn wir uns an die Lehre von Thomas von Aquin erinnern, dass „die Vergeltung einer Gunst mehr vom affectus des Gebenden als vom effectus [der Gabe] abhängt.“
Intrinsically bad gratitude
Authors: Löschke Jörg 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper discusses under which circumstances grateful responses can become intrinsically bad. It is argued that gratitude should be understood as an appropriate response to value and that it is subject to the so-called recursive account of intrinsic value, according to which appropriate responses to value are intrinsically good, and inappropriate responses to value are intrinsically bad. As a result, gratitude can become intrinsically bad in two cases: i) when gratitude has the wrong object, i.e., is a pro-response to an intrinsically bad act, ii) when the grateful response is grossly disproportionate, i.e., the intensity of the response does not match the goodness of the act that it is a response to.
Functionalization of hydrophobic nonwoven cotton fabric for oil and water repellency
Authors: Saha Pran Krisna , Mia Rony , Zhou Yang , Ahmed Taosif 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHighly hydrophobic surfaces exhibit a remarkable feature in the repellency of oil and water. However, the relatively complex preparation process, high costs, and harmful compounds have largely limited their applications. This research aim is to fabricate hydrophobic nonwoven fabrics with low-cost and nontoxic materials. Despite various wettable materials, nonwoven cotton fabric material bearing hydrophobic surfaces has been received significant attention. This is mainly owing to its easy handling, high flexibility, environment friendly, low cost, biodegradability, high efficiency, and easily scalable fabrication. In this study, a simple chemical modification method using hexadecyltrimethoxysilane (HDTMS) with ethanol which is a better method in comparison with other methods since it is an inexpensive, simple method, and offers an easy adjustment of chemical composition required for a surface to show hydrophobic behaviors. The wetting behavior of cotton samples was investigated by water contact angle measurement. The best result comes from 2 ml HDTMS with 40 ml ethanol at 60 °C. The result shows that the treated cotton fabrics exhibited excellent chemical stability and outstanding non-wettability with the WCA of 126 ± 2°. It also shows that standard oil and water repellency, which offers an opportunity to accelerate the large-scale production of hydrophobic textile materials for new industrial applications.
Graphic abstract
QDNN: deep neural networks with quantum layers
Authors: Zhao Chen , Gao Xiao-Shan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this paper, a quantum extension of classical deep neural network (DNN) is introduced, which is called QDNN and consists of quantum structured layers. It is proved that the QDNN can uniformly approximate any continuous function and has more representation power than the classical DNN. Moreover, the QDNN still keeps the advantages of the classical DNN such as the non-linear activation, the multi-layer structure, and the efficient backpropagation training algorithm. Furthermore, the QDNN uses parameterized quantum circuits (PQCs) as the basic building blocks and hence can be used on near-term noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) processors. A numerical experiment for an image classification task based on QDNN is given, where a high accuracy rate is achieved.
Radial density profile and stability of capillary discharge plasma waveguides of lengths up to 40 cm
Authors: Turner M. , Gonsalves A. J. , Bulanov S. S. , Benedetti C. , Bobrova N. A. , Gasilov V. A. , Sasorov P. V. , Korn G. , Nakamura K. , van Tilborg J. , Geddes C. G. , Schroeder C. B. , Esarey E. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We measured the parameter reproducibility and radial electron density profile of capillary discharge waveguides with diameters of 650

$\mathrm{\mu} \mathrm{m}$

to 2 mm and lengths of 9 to 40 cm. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, 40 cm is the longest discharge capillary plasma waveguide to date. This length is important for

$\ge$

10 GeV electron energy gain in a single laser-driven plasma wakefield acceleration stage. Evaluation of waveguide parameter variations showed that their focusing strength was stable and reproducible to

$<0.2$

% and their average on-axis plasma electron density to

$<1$

%. These variations explain only a small fraction of laser-driven plasma wakefield acceleration electron bunch variations observed in experiments to date. Measurements of laser pulse centroid oscillations revealed that the radial channel profile rises faster than parabolic and is in excellent agreement with magnetohydrodynamic simulation results. We show that the effects of non-parabolic contributions on Gaussian pulse propagation were negligible when the pulse was approximately matched to the channel. However, they affected pulse propagation for a non-matched configuration in which the waveguide was used as a plasma telescope to change the focused laser pulse spot size.
Addiction, Intoxicants, and the Humoral Body
Authors: Withington Phil 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTaking the humoral body as its spatial focus, this article considers how medical writers and practitioners engaged with ‘intoxicants’ both in terms of the prescription of medicines and in the conceptualization of compulsive consumption – or what is often styled by modern practitioners as ‘addiction’. Focusing in the first instance on the compilers of vernacular pharmacopoeia – compilations of medical ingredients and techniques – the article argues that just as sugar, tobacco, and especially opiates had a significant and possibly transformative role in everyday physic, so the ‘operation’ of opiates, distilled spirits, and tobacco was crucial in stimulating new thinking about how bodies became substance-dependent. The article also argues, however, that, in order to conceptualize the problem, writers turned to the venerable language of custom rather than the relatively new language of addiction – in particular, the ancient idea of custom as ‘second nature’.
Is resolve mainly about resisting hyperbolic discounting?
Authors: Ross Don 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Ainslie insightfully refines the concept of willpower by emphasizing low-effort applications of resolve. However, he gives undue weight to intertemporal discounting as the problem that willpower is needed to overcome. Nonhumans typically don't encounter choices that differ only in the time of consumption. Humans learn to transform uncertainty into problems they can solve using culturally evolved mechanisms for quantifying risk.
Putting the pieces together: Self-control as a complex interaction of psychological processes
Authors: Strack Fritz , Deutsch Roland , Abraham Bleen 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Ainslie's account of willpower addresses many important mechanisms (e.g., habit, visceral activation, and implementation intention). We argue that a model of willpower should be grounded in general psychological principles and with a primary focus on their interplay. We discuss the reflective-impulsive model that covers willpower and impulsiveness as special constellations of processes that govern various forms of cognition and behavior.
Protective effect of oral contraceptive against Helicobacter pylori infection in US adult females: NHANES 1999–2000
Authors: Fong P. , Wang Q. T. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Recently, the antibacterial properties of oestrogen and progestogen were discovered. The aim of this study was to find the cross-sectional association between oral contraceptive use and Helicobacter pylori seroprevalence. Data were obtained from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The H. pylori immunoglobulin G (IgG) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to categorise participants as seropositive or seronegative. The study population included 799 female participants who had information on H. pylori seroprevalence and all other covariates and had not been taking any medications (except oral contraceptives). The bivariate Rao–Scott chi-square test indicated a significant association between H. pylori seroprevalence and contraceptive use (P < 0.01). The variables of race, education, poverty income ratio, smoking, and blood lead and cadmium levels were also significantly associated with H. pylori seroprevalence (P < 0.01). Multiple logistic regression analysis of the age-adjusted model revealed that contraceptive users are 65% less likely of being H. pylori seropositive as compared to non-contraceptive users (odds ratio (OR): 0.35, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.18–0.68). This association is stronger with the final multivariate model (OR: 0.46, 95% CI: 0.23–0.89). Conclusions: This finding reveals the potential protective effect of oral contraceptives against H. pylori infection and serves as a foundation study for further investigations.
Assessing the Risk of Democratic Reversal in the United States: A Reply to Kurt Weyland
Authors: López Matias , Luna Juan Pablo 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTBy replying to Kurt Weyland’s (2020) comparative study of populism, we revisit optimistic perspectives on the health of American democracy in light of existing evidence. Relying on a set-theoretical approach, Weyland concludes that populists succeed in subverting democracy only when institutional weakness and conjunctural misfortune are observed jointly in a polity, thereby conferring on the United States immunity to democratic reversal. We challenge this conclusion on two grounds. First, we argue that the focus on institutional dynamics neglects the impact of the structural conditions in which institutions are embedded, such as inequality, racial cleavages, and changing political attitudes among the public. Second, we claim that endogeneity, coding errors, and the (mis)use of Boolean algebra raise questions about the accuracy of the analysis and its conclusions. Although we are skeptical of crisp-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis as an adequate modeling choice, we replicate the original analysis and find that the paths toward democratic backsliding and continuity are both potentially compatible with the United States.
Spatial Analysis of Ambient Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) Hospitalization Across Sweden
Authors: Aturinde Augustus , Farnaghi Mahdi , Pilesjö Petter , Sundquist Kristina , Mansourian Ali 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe associations of multiple pollutants and cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity, and the spatial variations of these associations have not been nationally studied in Sweden. The main aim of this study was, thus, to spatially analyze the associations between ambient air pollution (black carbon, carbon monoxide, particulate matter (both <10 µm and <2.5 µm in diameter) and Sulfur oxides considered) and CVD admissions while controlling for neighborhood deprivation across Sweden from 2005 to 2010. Annual emission estimates across Sweden along with admission records for coronary heart disease, ischemic stroke, atherosclerotic and aortic disease were obtained and aggregated at Small Areas for Market Statistics level. Global associations were analyzed using global Poisson regression and spatially autoregressive Poisson regression models. Spatial non‐stationarity of the associations was analyzed using Geographically Weighted Poisson Regression. Generally, weak but significant associations were observed between most of the air pollutants and CVD admissions. These associations were non‐homogeneous, with more variability in the southern parts of Sweden. Our study demonstrates significant spatially varying associations between ambient air pollution and CVD admissions across Sweden and provides an empirical basis for developing healthcare policies and intervention strategies with more emphasis on local impacts of ambient air pollution on CVD outcomes in Sweden.
The Latitudinal Variation and Hemispheric Asymmetry of the Ionospheric Lunitidal Signatures in the American Sector During Major Sudden Stratospheric Warming Events
Authors: Liu Jing , Zhang Donghe , Goncharenko Larisa P. , Zhang Shun‐Rong , He Maosheng , Hao Yongqiang , Xiao Zuo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDuring sudden stratospheric warming events, the ionosphere exhibits phase‐shifted semidiurnal perturbations, which are typically attributed to vertical coupling associated with the semidiurnal lunar tide (M2). Our understanding of ionospheric responses to M2 is limited. This study focuses on fundamental vertical coupling processes associated with the latitudinal extent and hemispheric asymmetry of ionospheric M2 signatures using total electron content data from the American sector. Our results illustrate that the asymmetry maximizes at 15°N and 20°S magnetic latitudes. In the Southern Hemisphere, the M2‐like signatures extend deep into midlatitude and encounter the Weddell Sea Anomaly. The time evolution of the Anomaly exhibits a distortion, which is attributed to an M2 modulation. The hemispheric asymmetry of M2 signatures in the low latitude can be primarily explained by the transequatorial wind modulation of the equatorial plasma fountain. Other physical processes could also be relevant, including hemispheric asymmetry of the M2 below the F‐region, the ambient thermospheric composition and ionospheric plasma distribution, and the geomagnetic field configuration.