bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Myonuclear apoptosis via cleaved caspase‐3 upregulation is related to macrophage accumulation underlying immobilization‐induced muscle fibrosis
Authors: Tanaka Natsumi , Honda Yuichiro , Kajiwara Yasuhiro , Kataoka Hideki , Origuchi Tomoki , Sakamoto Junya , Okita Minoru 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroduction/AimsAlthough macrophage accumulation plays a key role in the development of immobilization‐induced muscle fibrosis, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, we focused on the alterations of myonuclear apoptosis via cleaved caspase‐3, and investigated whether these changes may be related to macrophage accumulation.MethodsEight‐week‐old Wistar rats were divided into immobilization and control groups, and the soleus muscles were selected for analysis.ResultsThe mRNA and protein expression of collagen and the number of CD11b‐positive cells were significantly higher in the immobilized rats than in the control rats at 1 and 2 weeks. TdT‐mediated dUTP nick end‐labeling (TUNEL)‐positive myonuclei counts in 1‐ and 2‐week control rats were 0.2 ± 0.1 and 0.2 ± 0.5, whereas they were 1.0 ± 0.6 and 1.1 ± 0.5 in 1‐ and 2‐week immobilized rats. The cleaved caspase‐3 protein expressions in 1‐ and 2‐week control rats were 0.2 ± 0.1 and 0.2 ± 0.1, whereas they were 0.5 ± 0.1 and 0.4 ± 0.2 in 1‐ and 2‐week immobilized rats. TUNEL‐positive myonuclei counts and cleaved caspase‐3 protein expression were significantly higher in immobilized rats than in control rats at 1 and 2 weeks. The numbers of myonuclei in 1‐ and 2‐week control rats were 2.8 ± 0.1 and 2.6 ± 0.4, whereas they were 2.2 ± 0.4 and 2.2 ± 0.2 in 1‐ and 2‐week immobilized rats. The numbers of myonuclei were significantly lower in immobilized than in control rats at both time‐points.DiscussionMyonuclear apoptosis via the upregulation of cleaved caspase‐3 might induce macrophage accumulation. These alterations are related to immobilization‐induced muscle fibrosis.
Effects of COVID‐19 lockdown on lifestyle behaviors in children with obesity: Longitudinal study update
Authors: Pietrobelli Angelo , Fearnbach Nicole , Ferruzzi Alessandro , Vrech Massimiliano , Heo Moonseong , Faith Myles , Pecoraro Luca , Zoller Thomas , Antoniazzi Franco , Piacentini Giorgio , Heymsfield Steven B. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveA previous report from our group identified directionally unfavorable dietary and lifestyle behavior trends in longitudinally monitored children and adolescents with obesity early in the COVID‐19 pandemic lockdown. The current study aimed at extending these previous observations in youths with obesity on the dietary and lifestyle behavioral consequences of the extended COVID‐19 lockdown in Verona, Italy.MethodsThe sample included 32 children and adolescents with obesity participating in the longitudinal OBELIX study. Diet and lifestyle information were collected pre‐pandemic, 3 weeks into the national lockdown, and 9 months later when home confinement continued to be mandatory. Changes in outcomes over the study time points were evaluated for significance using repeated‐measures ANOVA and post‐hoc pairwise t‐tests with Bonferroni corrections.ResultsAs previously reported, meals/day, fried potato intake, and red meat ingestion increased significantly (p < 0.001) during the initial lockdown. Sleep time and screen time increased and sports participation decreased significantly (p < 0.001) during the initial lockdown. These changes in health behaviors remained significantly different from baseline at the second lockdown assessment, with the exception sleep time returned to baseline levels.ConclusionsUnfavorable diet and lifestyle behavioral changes in response to the initial COVID‐19 lockdown in children and adolescents with obesity have largely been sustained over the course of the pandemic. There is an urgent need to intervene on these behaviors to prevent further deleterious effects on long‐term child health; access to weight management care is critically important for these children. In addition to intervening on these behaviors, our findings should help to inform ongoing lockdown policies.
Digitalization and e‐government in the lives of urban migrants: Evidence from Bogotá
Authors: Martin‐Shields Charles P. , Camacho Sonia , Taborda Rodrigo , Ruhe Constantin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractResearch on the role of information and communication technologies (ICT) to improve the lives of migrants is a growing field. However, studies in this area have been conducted mainly in wealthy countries, with municipalities that are capable of supporting migrants or refugees. There is less evidence from middle‐income host countries and how ICTs can help migrants in their resettlement efforts. To address this gap, this study examines ICT access and the use of e‐government services by Venezuelan migrants in Colombia and compares this group with short‐ and long‐term residents of Bogotá. The descriptive analysis of the data reveals that, after controlling for demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, foreign migrants are less likely to own ICT devices compared to short‐ and long‐term residents, but over time do acquire ICT access. In addition, Venezuelan migrants are less likely to use e‐government services than their local peers even after controlling for demographic characteristics and internet access, with the exception of address registration. The results indicate that ICT access is not a sufficient condition for migrants to access e‐government services and there is a need for policy coordination to reduce bureaucratic “red tape” that may diminish migrants’ likelihood of accessing to e‐government services.
A time‐varying network model for sexually transmitted infections accounting for behavior and control actions
Authors: Frieswijk Kathinka , Zino Lorenzo , Cao Ming 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this article, we propose a stochastic network model for the spread of common sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The model expands the standard susceptible–infected–susceptible model by incorporating asymptomatic infected individuals—who are unaware that they are posing a health threat to themselves and the population—and individuals' behavioral preferences with regard to the use of protective measures during encounters. Behavioral preferences evolve according to a nontrivial mechanism accounting for the cost of using protection, the perceived risk, and persuasive effects due to sexual encounters with different‐minded individuals. The disease spreads on a time‐varying network of sexual contacts, generated using a mechanism inspired by continuous‐time activity‐driven networks. Such a network accounts for regular partners and casual encounters, which are regulated by a negotiation process that accounts for the individuals' behavioral preferences. Finally, three control measures are included in the model: (i) condom (social) marketing campaigns, (ii) routine screening at STI clinics, and (iii) partner notification. We use a mean‐field approach to analytically derive the epidemic threshold in the limit of large‐scale populations, in the absence of a partner network, for two distinct negotiation processes. Our results indicate that routine screening is key to the eradication of local outbreaks, while condom marketing campaigns become effective only when combined with screening. Monte Carlo simulations are then employed to extend our analytical findings, casting lights on the role of the partner network and on partner notification as a control measure in the spread of STIs.
Nanostructured Conductive Metal Organic Frameworks for Sustainable Low Charge Overpotentials in Li–Air Batteries
Authors: Majidi Leily , Ahmadiparidari Alireza , Shan Nannan , Kumar Singh Sachin , Zhang Chengji , Huang Zhehao , Rastegar Sina , Kumar Khagesh , Hemmat Zahra , Ngo Anh T. , Zapol Peter , Cabana Jordi , Subramanian Arunkumar , Curtiss Larry A. , Salehi‐Khojin Amin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLithium–oxygen batteries are among the most attractive alternatives for future electrified transportation. However, their practical application is hindered by many obstacles. Due to the insulating nature of Li2O2 product and the slow kinetics of reactions, attaining sustainable low charge overpotentials at high rates becomes a challenge resulting in the battery's early failure and low round trip efficiency. Herein, outstanding characteristics are discovered of a conductive metal organic framework (c‐MOF) that promotes the growth of nanocrystalline Li2O2 with amorphous regions. This provides a platform for the continuous growth of Li2O2 units away from framework, enabling a fast discharge at high current rates. Moreover, the Li2O2 structure works in synergy with the redox mediator (RM). The conductivity of the amorphous regions of the Li2O2 allows the RM to act directly on the Li2O2 surface instead of catalyst edges and then transport through the electrolyte to the Li2O2 surface. This direct charge transfer enables a small charge potential of <3.7 V under high current densities (1–2 A g−1) sustained for a long cycle life (100–300 cycles) for large capacities (1000–2000 mAh g−1). These results open a new direction for utilizing c‐MOFs towards advanced energy storage systems.
Engineering Bimodal Oxygen Vacancies and Pt to Boost the Activity Toward Water Dissociation
Authors: Shen Ruofan , Liu Yanyan , Wen Hao , Wu Xianli , Han Guosheng , Yue Xinzheng , Mehdi Sehrish , Liu Tao , Cao Huaqiang , Liang Erjun , Li Baojun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWater dissociation is the rate‐limiting step of several energy‐related reactions due to the high energy barrier required for breaking the oxygen–hydrogen bond. In this work, a bimodal oxygen vacancy (VO) catalysis strategy is adopted to boost the efficient water dissociation on Pt nanoparticles. The single facet‐exposed TiO2 surface and NiOx nanocluster possess two modes of VO different from each other. In ammonia borane hydrolysis, the highest catalytic activity among Pt‐based materials is achieved with the turnover frequency of 618 min−1 under alkaline‐free conditions at 298 K. Theoretical simulation and characterization analyses reveal that the bimodal VO significantly promotes the water dissociation in two ways. First, an ensemble‐inducing effect of Pt and VO in TiO2 drives the activation of water molecules. Second, an electron promoter effect induced by the electron transfer from VO in NiOx to Pt further enhances the ability of Pt to dissociate water and ammonia borane. This insight into bimodal VO catalysis establishes a new avenue to rationally design heterogeneous catalytic materials in the energy chemistry field.
Bacterially Synthesized Tellurium Nanorods for Elimination of Advanced Malignant Tumor by Photothermal Immunotherapy
Authors: Yao Yuzhu , Li Jianye , Li Puze , Wang Dongdong , Bao Wei , Xiao Yi , Chen Xue , He Shuaicheng , Hu Jun , Yang Xiangliang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractProbiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) are employed as a bioreactor for intracellularly synthesizing tellurium nanorods (TeNRs) providing a biohybrid therapeutic platform (Te@EcN) for the elimination of advanced malignant tumor by photothermal immunotherapy. Te@EcN is found to possess superior photothermal property upon near‐infrared irradiation, and can efficiently accumulate and retain in tumors, although EcN loses proliferation ability after the synthesis of TeNRs, thus inducing considerable immunogenic tumor cell death. Under co‐stimulation by EcN acting as immunoadjuvants, maturation of dendritic cells and priming of cytotoxic T cells are largely promoted. In addition, Te@EcN can reprogram tumor‐associated macrophages to ameliorate the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Thus, tumor metastasis and recurrence can be efficiently suppressed. Most importantly, owing to the non‐pathogenicity of probiotic EcN and their non‐proliferative characteristics after TeNRs synthesis, Te@EcN is found to be rapidly metabolized and cleared from the normal tissues, showing very slight acute side effects in healthy mice even at a relatively high administration dose. Therefore, the proposed combined therapeutic strategy based on bacteria‐synthesized TeNRs may find great potential in improving bacteria‐mediated tumor therapy with increased antitumor efficacy and reduced toxicity.
High‐Performance Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Battery Based on an Al0.35Mn2.52O4 Cathode: A Design Strategy from Defect Engineering and Atomic Composition Tuning
Authors: Wang Denghu , Zhang Siqi , Li Chunguang , Chen Xiaobo , Zhang Wei , Ge Xin , Lin Haibo , Shi Zhan , Feng Shouhua 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRechargeable zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs), which adopt mild aqueous electrolytes with high power density and safety, have received significant interest. As the most widely used cathode material for ZIBs, manganese‐based oxide has poor rate performance owing to its low electronic conductivity and slow ion diffusion kinetics. In this study, using the synergistic regulation strategy of defect engineering and atomic composition tuning, a mesoporous Al0.35Mn2.52O4 with an ultrahigh surface area (up to 82 m2 g−1) is fabricated through Al substitution in the Mn3O4, followed by an Al‐selective leaching process. During the entire process, numerous defects are obtained in the spinel structure by removing ≈30% of the Al cations. Al substitution can improve the material conductivity, while cation defects can weaken the electrostatic effect and promote ion diffusion ability. Therefore, the Al0.35Mn2.52O4 cathode of ZIBs exhibits a high reversible capacity of 302 mAh g−1 at a current density of 100 mA g−1. Furthermore, the reversible capacity remains at 147 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles at a current density of 1500 mA g−1. This synergistic regulation of atomic composition tuning and defect engineering provides a new perspective for improving the performance of electrode materials in ZIBs.
Ultrathin and High‐Modulus LiBO2 Layer Highly Elevates the Interfacial Dynamics and Stability of Lithium Anode under Wide Temperature Range
Authors: Li Song , Wang Xian‐Shu , Han Bing , Lai Chen , Shi Pei‐Ran , Ma Jia‐Bin , Wang Shu‐Wei , Zhang Li‐Han , Liu Qi , Deng Yong‐Hong , He Yan‐Bing , Yang Quan‐Hong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLithium (Li) metal batteries (LMBs) face huge challenges to achieve long cycling life at wide temperature range owing to the severe dendrite growth at subambient temperature and the intense side reactions with electrolyte at high temperature. Herein, an ultrathin LiBO2 layer with an extremely high Young's modulus of 8.0 GPa is constructed on Li anode via an in situ reaction between Li metal and 4,4,5,5‐tetramethyl‐1,3,2‐dioxa‐borolane (TDB) to form LiBO2@Li anode, which presents two times higher exchange current density than pristine Li anode. The LiBO2 layer presents a strong absorption to Li ions and greatly improves the interfacial dynamics of Li‐ion migration, which induces homogenous lithium nucleation and deposition to form a dense lithium layer. Consequently, the Li dendrite growth during cycling at subambient temperature and the side reactions with electrolyte at high temperature are simultaneously suppressed. The LiBO2@Li/LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) full batteries with limited Li capacity and high cathode mass loading of 9.9 mg cm–2 can steadily cycle for 300 cycles with a capacity retention of 86.6%. The LiBO2@Li/NCM811 full batteries and LiBO2@Li/LiBO2@Li symmetric batteries also present excellent cycling performance at both −20 and 60 °C. This work develops a strategy to achieve outstanding performance of LMBs at wide working temperature‐range.
Effects of Antler Point Restrictions on Deer Harvest in New York
Authors: Kellner Kenneth F. , Hurst Jeremy E. , Kramer David W. , Belant Jerrold L. 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTManaging game species can require balancing multiple social and conservation goals. For many game species, including white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), harvest is the primary tool for management of population abundance. Hunter interest in harvesting older male deer has encouraged managers to find ways to protect younger deer and recruit them into older age classes. Antler point restrictions (APRs) that protect some yearling antlered deer from harvest can be implemented to increase the availability of older, larger‐antlered deer for hunters. The New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) implemented mandatory APRs in 2 adjacent areas of the state, one beginning in 2005 and the other in 2012. We predicted that APRs would decrease the proportion of yearling antlered deer in the harvest. We also predicted that APRs might result in an increase in the harvest of antlerless deer and harvest success on Deer Management Permits (DMPs), which are permits issued by the DEC that allow harvest of antlerless deer and are used to manage deer population size. We collected harvest information during 2003–2016 from the 2 areas with APRs and from adjacent areas that did not have APRs. The proportion of yearlings in the harvest was initially 51% and 58% in the 2005 and 2012 APR areas, respectively, and declined to 13% and 19% respectively after 5 years. Antler point restrictions did not affect the harvest of antlerless deer or DMP success. Although APRs successfully reduced the proportion of yearlings in the antlered harvest, we also observed a smaller decline (from 62% to 45%) over the same time period in the proportion of yearlings in the harvest in areas adjacent to the 2005 APR. © 2021 The Wildlife Society.
Making: Laboratory and Active Learning Perspectives
Authors: Di Stasio Margherita 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn a world where technology is an ordinary part of everyday life, it is particularly important for making, coding, and educational robotics to feature in school programs. On one hand, the construction elements that are peculiar to digital fabrication make the pedagogical perspective active; on the other, they can support the development of active teaching practices. Although it appears to be a kind of revolution, something that is absolutely new, on deeper reflection, it is clear that making and coding can play a role in school as part of an important pedagogical tradition.
Scalar-tensor theories within Asymptotic Safety
Authors: Laporte Cristobal , Pereira Antonio D. , Saueressig Frank , Wang Jian 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Asymptotic Safety provides an elegant mechanism for obtaining a consistent high-energy completion of gravity and gravity-matter systems. Following the initial idea by Steven Weinberg, the construction builds on an interacting fixed point of the theories renormalization group (RG) flow. In this work we use the Wetterich equation for the effective average action to investigate the RG flow of gravity supplemented by a real scalar field. We give a non-perturbative proof that the subspace of interactions respecting the global shift-symmetry of the scalar kinetic term is closed under RG transformations. Subsequently, we compute the beta functions in an approximation comprising the Einstein-Hilbert action supplemented by the shift-symmetric quartic scalar self-interaction and the two lowest order shift-symmetric interactions coupling scalar-bilinears to the spacetime curvature. The computation utilizes the background field method with an arbitrary background, demonstrating that the results are manifestly background independent. Our beta functions exhibit an interacting fixed point suitable for Asymptotic Safety, where all matter interactions are non-vanishing. The presence of this fixed point is rooted in the interplay of the matter couplings which our work tracks for the first time. The relation of our findings with previous results in the literature is discussed in detail and we conclude with a brief outlook on potential phenomenological applications.
Construction of two-dimensional topological field theories with non-invertible symmetries
Authors: Huang Tzu-Chen , Lin Ying-Hsuan , Seifnashri Sahand 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We construct the defining data of two-dimensional topological field theories (TFTs) enriched by non-invertible symmetries/topological defect lines. Simple formulae for the three-point functions and the lasso two-point functions are derived, and crossing symmetry is proven. The key ingredients are open-to-closed maps and a boundary crossing relation, by which we show that a diagonal basis exists in the defect Hilbert spaces. We then introduce regular TFTs, provide their explicit constructions for the Fibonacci, Ising and Haagerup ℋ3 fusion categories, and match our formulae with previous bootstrap results. We end by explaining how non-regular TFTs are obtained from regular TFTs via generalized gauging.
Nonperturbative effects in the Standard Model with gauged 1-form symmetry
Authors: Anber Mohamed M. , Poppitz Erich 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We study the Standard Model with gauged $$ {\mathrm{\mathbb{Z}}}_{N=2,3,6}^{(1)} $$

ℤ

N
=
2
,
3
,
6

1

subgroups of its $$ {\mathrm{\mathbb{Z}}}_6^{(1)} $$

ℤ
6

1

1-form global symmetry, making the gauge group $$ \frac{\mathrm{SU}(3)\times \mathrm{SU}(2)\times \mathrm{U}(1)}{{\mathrm{\mathbb{Z}}}_N} $$

SU

3

×
SU

2

×
U

1

ℤ
N

. We show that, on a finite $$ {\mathbbm{T}}^3 $$

T
3

, there are self-dual instantons of fractional topological charge. They mediate baryon- and lepton-number violating processes. We compare their amplitudes to the ones due to the usual BPST-instantons. We find that the small hypercharge coupling suppresses the fractional-instanton contribution, unless the torus size is taken sub-Planckian, or extra matter is added above the weak scale. We also discuss these results in light of the cosmological bounds on the torus size.
Spherical gravitational waves and quasi-spherical waves scattered from black string in massive gravity
Authors: Zhang Hongsheng , Huang Yang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Spherical gravitational wave is strictly forbidden in vacuum space in frame of general relativity by the Birkhoff theorem. We prove that spherical gravitational waves do exist in non-linear massive gravity, and find the exact solution with a special singular reference metric. Further more, we find exact gravitational wave solution with a singular string by meticulous studies of familiar equation, in which the horizon becomes non-compact. We analyze the properties of the congruence of graviton rays of these wave solution. We clarify subtle points of dispersion relation, velocity and mass of graviton in massive gravity with linear perturbations. We find that the graviton ray can be null in massive gravity by considering full back reaction of the massive gravitational waves to the metric. We demonstrate that massive gravity has deep and fundamental discrepancy from general relativity, for whatever a tiny mass of the graviton.