bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The nexus between Egyptian renewable energy resources and economic growth for achieving sustainable development goals
Authors: Salman Doaa , Hosny Nadine Amr 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study contributes to the conceptual and empirical studies by investigating the relation between the electricity generated from renewables, carbon dioxide (CO2) emission, exchange rate and unemployment on Egyptian economic growth (EEC). Developing countries are in pursuit of economic growth as it is the path for sustainable economies. The study applies autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL) using the dataset for the period from 1990–2019. The empirical results highlight the main driving forces that accelerate economic growth. The main findings confirmed that government support is one of the key drivers for positive and significant impacts of electricity generated from renewable energy sources, CO2 emission, and exchange rate in Egypt on economic growth. However, the positive and significant impact of carbon dioxide still plays a challenging aspect to achieve sustainability. Policies have been identified to develop the required energy network of the future
Upper airway obstruction caused by primary lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma of the retropharyngeal space: a case report
Authors: Asoegwu Chinyere N. , Kanu Okezie O. , Nwawolo Clement C. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Primary malignant tumours of the retropharyngeal space are rare with only a few case reports in the literature. Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma is a rare subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and is very rarely found as a primary tumour of the retropharyngeal space.

Case presentation
We report the case of progressive upper airway obstruction in a 49-year-old male caused by a primary malignant tumour of the retropharyngeal space lymph nodes. He had an emergency tracheostomy to relieve the upper airway obstruction followed a week later by an elective surgical excision of the tumour via the trans-cervical route. A mixed population of lymphocytes, with a marked presence of Dutcher bodies, was noted on histopathology and positive CD20 on immunohistochemistry, confirming the lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma of the retropharyngeal space. The watchful waiting treatment method for the lymphoma was employed for him since he had no symptoms relating to lymphoma and no serum Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia. He has remained symptom-free 3 years post-surgery.

Conclusion
Primary malignant tumours involving the retropharyngeal space lymph nodes are very rare. They can rarely grow to a size huge enough to cause obstructive upper aerodigestive symptoms. Primary lymphoma of the retropharyngeal space should be considered in the diagnosis of the tumours involving the retropharyngeal space lymph nodes. Excisional biopsy is important to obtain tissue for histopathological diagnosis and the relief of upper aerodigestive tract obstruction when present.
Cytosolic and nuclear recognition of virus and viral evasion
Authors: Li Siji , Cao Lili , Zhang Zeming , Kuang Ming , Chen Luoying , Zhao Yingchi , Luo Yujie , Yin Zhinan , You Fuping 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe innate immune system is the first line of host defense, which responds rapidly to viral infection. Innate recognition of viruses is mediated by a set of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that sense viral genomic nucleic acids and/or replication intermediates. PRRs are mainly localized either to the endosomes, the plasma membrane or the cytoplasm. Recent evidence suggested that several proteins located in the nucleus could also act as viral sensors. In turn, these important elements are becoming the target for most viruses to evade host immune surveillance. In this review, we focus on the recent progress in the study of viral recognition and evasion.
The Multifaceted Biology of PCSK9
Authors: Seidah Nabil G , Prat Annik 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This article reviews the discovery of PCSK9, its structure–function characteristics, and its presently known and proposed novel biological functions. The major critical function of PCSK9 deduced from human and mouse studies, as well as cellular and structural analyses, is its role in increasing the levels of circulating low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol (LDLc), via its ability to enhance the sorting and escort of the cell surface LDL receptor (LDLR) to lysosomes. This implicates the binding of the catalytic domain of PCSK9 to the EGF-A domain of the LDLR. This also requires the presence of the C-terminal Cys/His-rich domain, its binding to the secreted cytosolic cyclase associated protein 1, and possibly another membrane-bound “protein X”. Curiously, in PCSK9-deficient mice, an alternative to the downregulation of the surface levels of the LDLR by PCSK9 is taking place in the liver of female mice in a 17β-estradiol-dependent manner by still an unknown mechanism. Recent studies have extended our understanding of the biological functions of PCSK9, namely its implication in septic shock, vascular inflammation, viral infections (Dengue; SARS-CoV-2) or immune checkpoint modulation in cancer via the regulation of the cell surface levels of the T-cell receptor and MHC-I, which govern the antitumoral activity of CD8+ T cells. Because PCSK9 inhibition may be advantageous in these processes, the availability of injectable safe PCSK9 inhibitors that reduces by 50% to 60% LDLc above the effect of statins is highly valuable. Indeed, injectable PCSK9 monoclonal antibody or small interfering RNA could be added to current immunotherapies in cancer/metastasis.
The Chapuizet Affair
Authors: Harvey David Allen 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article examines a 1779 legal dispute involving Pierre Chapuizet, a wealthy and well-connected sugar planter of the north province of Saint-Domingue who was denied a commission as an officer in the colonial militia due to allegations of mixed-race origin. Although the Conseil Supérieur of Cap Français had recognized Chapuizet's status as “white and unblemished” (blanc et ingénu) in 1771, the colonial administration and much of the white elite argued that his descent from a Black great-great-grandmother made him ineligible for the honor of a militia commission. This article argues that the Chapuizet affair demonstrates a shift in the boundaries of whiteness in the French Antilles. Traditional “color prejudice,” in which skin color was one factor among many others, such as wealth and family connections, gave way to modern scientific racism defined by biological descent, according to which a single Black ancestor, however remote, sufficed for exclusion from the white elite.Cet article examine une dispute légale de l'année 1779 qui visait à Pierre Chapuizet, un colon riche et renommé de la province nord de Saint-Domingue, à qui on refusait une commission d'officier de milice à cause des allégations qu'il était d'origine sang mêlé. Bien que le Conseil supérieur du Cap Français l'eût reconnu comme « blanc et ingénu » dans un arrêt de 1771, l'administration coloniale et la plupart de l’élite blanche considéraient que son ascendance, notamment son arrière-grand-mère noire, l'excluait de l'honneur d'une commission militaire. A travers l'affaire Chapuizet on constate une modification des identités raciales et du statut de l'homme blanc dans les Antilles françaises. Le « préjugé de couleur » traditionnel, selon lequel la couleur de la peau n’était qu'un facteur parmi d'autres comme la richesse et les alliances familiales cède au racisme scientifique moderne, défini par la filiation biologique, selon lequel un seul aïeul noir, aussi lointain qu'il soit, suffit pour l'exclusion de l’élite blanche.
“A French Jew Emancipated the Blacks”
Authors: Duhaut Noëmie 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article examines the rhetorical strategies put in place by French Jewish activists to demand equal civil and political rights for Jews in southeastern Europe in the second half of the nineteenth century. It identifies the parallel they drew between the abolition of slavery and Jewish emancipation as a central plank in this campaign. Through references to the antislavery movement, French Jews sought to make Jewish emancipation a matter of international law and mobilize different constituencies at home and abroad. Drawing on the biblical story of the Exodus, this abolitionist rhetoric was an attempt to challenge the Christian nature of abolitionism and oppose exclusionary views of European society. The emergence of this new emancipatory discourse is analyzed within the national framework of France as well as in a broader eastern European and world context.Cet article étudie les stratégies rhétoriques mises en place par les militants juifs français pour revendiquer l’égalité civique et politique des Juifs de l'Europe du sud-est dans la seconde moitié du dix-neuvième siècle. Le parallèle qu'ils ont établi entre abolition de l'esclavage et émancipation des Juifs était un élément central de cette campagne. A travers leurs références au mouvement antiesclavagiste, les Juifs français ont cherché à faire de l’émancipation juive une question de droit international ainsi qu’à mobiliser différents publics en France et à l’étranger. S'appuyant sur le récit biblique de l'Exode, cette rhétorique abolitionniste tentait de contester la nature chrétienne de l'abolitionnisme et de s'opposer aux visions d'une société européenne fondée sur l'exclusion. L’émergence de ce nouveau discours émancipateur est analysée dans le cadre national de la France ainsi que dans un contexte est-européen et mondial plus large.
Freedom's Sex Problem
Authors: Frydman Hannah 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn Third Republican Paris, newspapers' classified sections were cast as sites of sexual demoralization peopled by prostitutes, pornographers, and abortionists. Moralizing this space was no easy task: sex was discussed in code, making it hard to distinguish between legitimate and illegitimate ads—between ads for midwives and those for abortionists. Could the law read symptomatically to make the distinction? Or was it limited to surface reading? This article shows how classified texts became sites of regulatory indeterminacy, staging tensions between the regulation of “deviant” sexuality and republican ideals. It reconstructs the legal history of “immoral” advertising through decades of legislative reform and judicial equivocation, which laid the cultural and legal groundwork for the restrictive 1920 abortion law and 1939 Family Code, both of which made it possible to police the unsaid, thereby privileging the control and management of sexuality in the interest of the nation's reproductive future over democratic freedoms.Au début du vingtième siècle, l'imaginaire des petites annonces des journaux parisiens se peuplait de prostituées, de pornographes, et de faiseuses d'anges. La « quatrième page » était alors un vecteur de démoralisation. Il n'y avait pas de solution simple : les annonces étant chiffrées, il était difficile de distinguer entre l'annonce légitime et l'annonce immorale, entre l'annonce d'une sage-femme et celle d'une faiseuse d'anges. La loi, pourrait-elle trancher ? Cet article montre la manière dont les textes publicitaires sont devenus autant de lieux indéterminés qui ne sauraient être régulés, en dépit de grands efforts législatifs pour mettre les petites annonces (et les femmes et les minorités sexuelles qui y opéraient) sous contrôle. Cet article reconstitue la chronologie de cette législation, sous la rubrique des « outrages aux bonnes mœurs », de ses origines dans la loi de 1881 sur la liberté de la presse, à travers les décennies de jurisprudence ambiguë, pour arriver enfin à la loi de 1920 sur l'avortement et le Code de la Famille de 1939, qui ont pour but, tous les deux, le contrôle de la sexualité en faveur de la vigueur nationale.
“A Woman Dressed like a Man”
Authors: Chaplin Tamara 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSapphic cabarets where women “dressed like men” figure among the most widely publicized symbols of lesbian desire. During the 1930s more than twenty such cabarets opened throughout the city of Paris. Many of these survived the war and operated into the 1960s and after. This article examines the unique figure of the entraîneuse, a female staff member paid to cross-dress who worked in these venues. It argues that this commercial figure played a special role in promoting a sexual schema—now called “butch/femme”—that is usually explained either as biologically determined or as an erotic choice. The gender performances fostered in the Sapphic cabaret enabled the formation of a female same-sex subculture while at the same time making what was then perceived as a contagious threat—the “mannish lesbian”—instantly recognizable and thus more easily subject to surveillance and control.Les images des « Cabarets Saphiques » où des femmes se travestissent en hommes figurent parmi les symboles les plus médiatisés du désir lesbien. Pendant les années trente, plus de vingt de ces cabarets ouvraient leurs portes partout à Paris. Beaucoup d'entre eux ont survécu à la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Cet article examine la figure de l'entraîneuse, une employée souvent payée pour se travestir et qui travaillait dans ces lieux. Cette figure commerciale a joué un rôle particulier dans la promotion d'un schéma sexuel—aujourd'hui appelé « butch/femme »—que l'on explique d'habitude comme le produit du déterminisme biologique ou d'un choix personnel ou bien politique. Les représentations du genre encouragées par le Cabaret Saphique ont soutenu la formation d'une sous-culture lesbienne tout en rendant ce qui était alors perçu comme une menace contagieuse—la « lesbienne masculine »—immédiatement reconnaissable et donc plus facilement soumise à la surveillance et au contrôle.
Proportion of Cancer Cases Attributable to Physical Inactivity by US State, 2013–2016
Authors: MINIHAN ADAIR K. , PATEL ALPA V. , FLANDERS W. DANA , SAUER ANN GODING , JEMAL AHMEDIN , ISLAMI FARHAD 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction/Purpose
Little is known concerning the cancer burden attributable to physical inactivity by state. Our objective was to calculate the proportion of incident cancer cases attributable to physical inactivity among adults age ≥30 yr in 2013–2016 in all 50 states and District of Columbia.

Methods
State-level, self-reported physical activity data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System were adjusted by sex, age, and race/ethnicity using national-level, self-reported physical activity data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Age-, sex-, and state-specific cancer incidence data were obtained from the US Cancer Statistics database. Sex-, age-, and state-specific adjusted prevalence estimates for eight physical activity categories and cancer-specific relative risks for the same categories from a large-scale pooled analysis were used to calculate population-attributable fractions (PAF) by state for stomach, kidney, esophageal (adenocarcinoma), colon, bladder, breast, and endometrial cancers.

Results
When optimal physical activity was defined ≥5 h·wk−1 of moderate-intensity activity, equivalent to ≥15 MET·h·wk−1, 3.0% (95% confidence interval (CI), 2.9%–3.0%) of all incident cancer cases (excluding nonmelanoma skin cancers) were attributable to physical inactivity, accounting for an average of 46,356 attributable cases per year. The PAF ranged from 2.3% (95% CI, 2.2%–2.5%) in Utah to 3.7% (95% CI, 3.4%–3.9%) in Kentucky. By cancer site, the PAF ranged from 3.9% (95% CI, 3.6%–4.2%) for urinary bladder to 16.9% (95% CI, 16.1%–17.7%) for stomach.

Conclusions
Our results indicate that promoting physical activity through broad implementation of interventions could prevent many cancer cases. Over 46,000 cancer cases annually could be potentially avoided if the American population met the recommended 5 h·wk−1 of moderate-intensity (or 15 (MET)-h·wk−1) physical activity.
Validation of the wrist blood pressure measuring device Omron RS6 (HEM-6221-E) among obese Sudanese patients according to the European Society of Hypertension International Protocol Revision 2010
Authors: Ali Elrazi A. , Omar Saeed M. , Ibrahim Yassin , Al-Wutayd Osama , Adam Ishag 
Published: October 2021

Background: Electronic devices for measuring blood pressure (BP) need to go through independent clinical validation as recommended by different authorities, both in general and specific populations. The aim of this study was to assess the validity of the Omron RS6 (HEM-6221-E) wrist oscillometric devices in obese Sudanese patients. Methods: Of 90 obese individuals invited for recruitment, 33 were included in the study, and had their BP at the level of the wrist measured using Omron RS6 and standard mercury sphygmomanometer. Two observations were made and the mean was taken. BP differences between the two methods for the 33 participants were classified into three categories (≤5, ≤10, and ≤15 mmHg), according to the European Society of Hypertension-International Protocol revision 2010 (ESH-IP2) criteria. This was then used to assess the validity of the tested Omron RS6 device. Results: Participants had a mean age of 56.97 years (standard deviation (SD), 8.75; range, 36-79). Average systolic blood pressure (SBP) was 146.21 mmHg (SD, 23.07; range, 107-182), and average diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was 93.82 mmHg (SD, 16.06; range, 67-128). There was a good agreement between the two observations using the OMRON RS6 and the standard sphygmomanometer: −4 to + 3 mmHg for SBP and −4 to +4 mmHg for DBP, with the mean difference of 1.73±1.11 mmHg for SBP and 1.49±1.02 mmHg for DBP. Conclusion: Thus, the Omron RS6 (HEM-6221-E) is a valid and suitable measure of BP according to ESH-IP2.
Student biocuration projects as a learning environment
Authors: Thurlow Katherine E. , Lovering Ruth C. , De Miranda Pinheiro Sandra 
Published: October 2021

Background: Bioinformatics is becoming an essential tool for the majority of biological and biomedical researchers. Although bioinformatics data is exploited by academic and industrial researchers, limited focus is on teaching this area to undergraduates, postgraduates and senior scientists. Many scientists are developing their own expertise without formal training and often without appreciating the source of the data they are reliant upon. Some universities do provide courses on a variety of bioinformatics resources and tools, a few also provide biocuration projects, during which students submit data to annotation resources. Methods: To assess the usefulness and enjoyability of annotation projects a survey was sent to University College London (UCL) students who have undertaken Gene Ontology biocuration projects. Results: Analysis of survey responses suggest that these projects provide students with an opportunity not only to learn about bioinformatics resources but also to improve their literature analysis, presentation and writing skills. Conclusion: Biocuration student projects provide valuable annotations as well as enabling students to develop a variety of skills relevant to their future careers. It is also hoped that, as future scientists, these students will critically assess their own manuscripts and ensure that these are written with the biocurators of the future in mind.
Workplace ergonomics problems and solutions: Working from home
Authors: Yeow Jian Ai , Ng Poh Kiat , Lim Wei Yin 
Published: October 2021

Background: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, in 2020, many employees were required to work from home (WFH). During this WFH period, some employees encountered health issues related to sprains and neck or back pain owing to poor working conditions at home. As the WFH trend may continue over a prolonged period, the underlying causes and solutions to ergonomic issues must be addressed to reduce injuries. This study aims to identify the ergonomic issues encountered when working from home and suggests several solutions to minimise these issues. Methods: A qualitative ethnographic methodology was adopted. This study used focus group discussion and the panellists were among experts from the fields of higher education, healthcare, human resources (HR), and ergonomics patient in Malaysia. The most common ergonomic issues identified were based on diagnoses and observations in previous studies. Results: The panellists agreed on ergonomics issues, comprising the use of unergonomic chairs, incorrect sitting postures, irregular arrangement of key objects, improper reach distances of the laptop/keyboard/mouse, poor desk designs, footrest absence, distortion/noise, poor lighting, and poor work environment. Over time, WFH ergonomics issues may lead to burnout, carpal tunnel syndrome or other cumulative trauma disorders, high blood pressure, and stress on the cervical spine and neck. The proposed solutions include a complete WFH ergonomics and wellness checklist for employees and employers, webinar sessions on WFH ergonomics, meet-up sessions with ergonomics or HR experts, workspace rentals for co-workers, implementation of the 20-20-20 rule and job-sharing practices, and the involvement of employers or the government in procuring ergonomic equipment for WFH employees. Conclusions: This is a preliminary study and the researchers are exploring the root causes of WFH ergonomics issues and proposed solutions. While previous studies have examined workplace ergonomics, this study focuses on WFH ergonomic issues and solutions during the ongoing pandemic.
Protocol for ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS) mutagenesis application in rice
Authors: Unan Rasim , Deligoz Ilyas , Al-Khatib Kassim , Mennan Husrev 
Published: October 2021

Background: Non-transgenic chemical mutagen application, particularly ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), is an important tool to create mutations and gain a new genetic makeup for plants. It is useful to obtain a sufficient number of mutant plants instead of working with a severe mutation in a few plants. EMS dose and exposure period have been previously studied in several crops; however, EMS used to create point mutations in presoaked rice seeds has not been sufficiently studied and there is no standard protocol for such treatment. The aim of this study is to establish a standard protocol for EMS mutagenesis application in rice. Methods: Two studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of four durations of rice seed presoaking (0, 6, 12, and 24 hours), four EMS concentration doses (0.0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0%), and four EMS exposure periods (6, 12, 24, and 48 hours). Germination rate, plumula and radicle length, seedling survival, LD50 (Lethal Dose) determination, shoot length, root length and fresh seedling weight were evaluated. Results: Results showed that a 12-hour presoaking duration, 0.5% EMS dose, and six hours of EMS exposure were the best practices for the optimum number of mutant plants. Conclusions: In light of both this study and the literature, a standard application protocol was established. This application protocol, detailed in this article, contains the following guidelines: (1) Presoaking: 12 hours, (2) EMS application: 0.5% dose EMS and six hours, (3) Final washing: six hours, (4) Drying: 72 hours at 38°C. A user-friendly protocol has been presented for utilization by researchers.