bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
c-Kit (CD117) Reactivity in Extramedullary Myeloid Tumor/Granulocytic Sarcoma
Authors: Chen Jian , Yanuck Rudolph R. , Abbondanzo Susan L. , Chu Wei-Sing , Aguilera Nadine S. I. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Context.—c-kit, a proto-oncogene, encodes the transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor CD117 and is detected by flow cytometry in the majority of cases of acute myeloid leukemia. The prognostic significance of the presence of c-Kit in acute myeloid leukemia is debated. Recently, c-kit inhibitors have been studied as possible therapies against hematopoietic malignancies; therefore, c-Kit detection may have important implications for treatment.
Objectives.—In this study, we investigated the expression of c-Kit in granulocytic sarcoma (GS) using paraffin-embedded tissue.
Design.—Routinely formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from 30 cases of GS were studied using immunohistochemistry. c-Kit (C-19) (a polyclonal antibody against carboxy terminal domain of c-Kit p145 or CD117) reactivity was compared with myeloperoxidase and lysozyme. The immunohistochemical panel also included CD34, CD68, CD43, Bcl-2, CD45RB, CD20, CD3, CD10, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT), and CD79a.
Results.—The morphologic patterns included well-differentiated (5 cases), poorly differentiated (19 cases), and blastic forms (6 cases). Clinical data were obtained from 28 of 30 patients. Granulocytic sarcoma presented in lymph nodes in 10 cases, whereas in 20 cases it presented in extranodal sites.
c-Kit reactivity was found in 87% (26/30) of the GS cases. There was no significant difference in c-Kit positivity between the nodal (90%, 9/10) and extranodal (85%, 17/20) neoplasms. c-Kit expression was not associated with the degree of the myeloid maturation. Two of 13 lymphoblastic lymphoma control cases and 1 of 28 of the large B-cell lymphomas were weakly immunoreactive with c-Kit.
Conclusions.—c-Kit reactivity can be demonstrated in a high percentage of GS cases; its presence may be useful not only in diagnosis, but also in the treatment of GS with new modalities.
Different Heparin Lots
Authors: Smythe Maureen A. , Koerber John M. , Westley Susan J. , Balasubramaniam Mamtha , Mattson Joan C. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective.—To assess the impact of heparin lot on the correlation between heparin concentration and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), the aPTT therapeutic range, and the heparin level.
Design.—Retrospective analysis of data from 2 previous studies.
Setting.—Teaching institution with 929 beds.
Patients.—Ninety-five patients receiving heparin with 5 different lots (study 1) and 35 patients receiving heparin with 3 different lots (study 2).
Main Outcome Measures.—Laboratory-based aPTT and heparin level by anti-factor Xa analysis. Standard heparin curves were created for each lot. Each patient's heparin level was determined off each standard curve.
Results.—Correlations between heparin concentration and aPTT ranged from 0.87 to 0.89 (study 1) and 0.86 to 0.87 (study 2). Slopes of regression lines were not significantly different. Therapeutic ranges generated from lot-specific heparin levels were similar. Average bias in heparin levels from varying lots ranged from 0.005 to 0.036 units/mL.
Conclusions.—The recommendation to reevaluate the aPTT therapeutic range with each new lot of heparin requires further evaluation.
Viral Load Test Reports
Authors: Francis Diane P. , Peddecord K. Michael , Hofherr Louise K. , Astles J. Rex , Schalla William O. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Context.— Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) RNA testing (viral load testing) is increasingly important in the care of patients infected with HIV-1 to determine when to initiate, monitor, and change antiretroviral therapy. Patient viral load testing information is communicated to the clinician through the laboratory test report.
Objectives.—To examine the format and information used in reporting viral load testing results and determine the clarity of the information provided in these reports.
Design.—Patient test reports with all personal identifiers removed were requested of viral load testing laboratories participating in a telephone survey of laboratory practices. Hospital, independent, health department, and “other type” laboratories identified as university-associated laboratories participated in the telephone survey.
Results.—Thirty-seven unique test reports were collected. All laboratories reported results in copies/mL, while 14% also reported results as “log10 copies/mL.” The test kit was identified by only 24% of the laboratories. Reportable ranges were specified by 70% of the laboratories, but there was considerable variation in terminology. One laboratory reported a viral load copy number below the manufacturer's test kit lower limit of sensitivity. The layout and format differed among reports. Some results were expressed in log10, others contained nonsignificant integers, while others contained exponential numbers. Supplemental information in some reports included previous patient test results and significance of changes from baseline. The format of some reports made it difficult to read the report information and interpret the testing results.
Conclusion.—This study emphasizes the importance of standardizing the reporting of HIV-1 viral load test results to minimize result misinterpretation and incorrect treatment.
Crystalline Inclusions in Granulocytic Sarcoma
Authors: Strauchen James A. , Gordon Ronald E. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Two cases of granulocytic sarcoma were found to contain numerous crystalline inclusions identified on hematoxylin-eosin–stained sections as clusters of pointed needlelike crystals present in foci of necrosis or within macrophages. The crystals were negative for chloroacetate esterase and myeloperoxidase. Electron microscopy demonstrated homogeneously dense, bipyramidal structures, indistinguishable from Charcot-Leyden crystals. Granulocytic sarcomas may contain crystalline inclusions similar to Charcot-Leyden crystals; these structures should be distinguished from crystalline immunoglobulin inclusions occurring in cases of plasma cell myeloma and lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, which may have a similar appearance.
A Kaposi-like Variant of Splenic Angiosarcoma Lacking Association With Human Herpesvirus 8
Authors: Mikami Tetuo , Saegusa Makoto , Akino Fumiyuki , Machida Daisuke , Iwabuchi Keiichi , Hagiwara Shotaro , Okayasu Isao 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We report the case of a Kaposi-like variant of splenic angiosarcoma in a 28-year-old woman. The tumor featured a Kaposi sarcoma–like spindle cell proliferation with slit formation and markedly dilated spongelike vascular channels filled with erythrocytes. Thirteen months following the initial splenectomy, metastatic lesions were found in the patient's liver and bone marrow. The proliferating cells were positive for factor VIII–associated antigen and CD34. The human herpesvirus 8 genome, which is regarded as a diagnostic feature of Kaposi sarcoma, was not detected by polymerase chain reaction analysis. Although the histologic findings were similar, this Kaposi-like variant of splenic angiosarcoma must be considered distinct from Kaposi sarcoma.
Dutcher Bodies in Chronic Synovitis
Authors: Gray Yulia , Schwartz Stanley 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Dutcher bodies are periodic acid-Schiff–positive intranuclear pseudoinclusions found in plasma cells in mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia, and myeloma. We describe the case of a 68-year-old woman with chronic synovitis containing multiple Dutcher bodies. The patient's workup for lymphoma was negative. Hematoxylin-eosin– and periodic acid-Schiff–stained sections of 7 cases of marked chronic synovitis selected from the files spanning a 10-year period at Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island (Pawtucket, RI) were examined, and none showed Dutcher bodies. This case illustrates that Dutcher bodies may rarely occur in benign reactive conditions, such as chronic synovitis.
Surgical Pathology Extradepartmental Consultation Practices
Authors: Azam Muhammad , Nakhleh Raouf E. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objectives.—To document the practice parameters and case characteristics associated with personal (expert) consultations. We also examine the value, level of participant (customer) satisfaction, turnaround time, and rate of personal consultations.
Design.—We asked participants in the College of American Pathologists' Q-Probes program to document cases sent for consultation during 4 months or up to 20 cases. They documented patient and specimen characteristics, the turnaround times, and the participants' levels of satisfaction with the consultation experience.
Participants.—One hundred eighty laboratories/surgical pathology practices. One hundred seventy-two (95.6%) were from the United States; the remainder were located in Canada and Australia.
Main Outcome Measures.—Rate and turnaround time of consultations and participant level of satisfaction.
Results.—A total of 2746 consultation cases were examined for an aggregate consultation rate of 0.5% (median, 0.7%). Institutions with a higher occupied bed size and a greater number of surgical pathology cases both had lower consultation rates (P ≤ .05). The median turnaround time (defined as the interval from the date on which the case was sent to the date on which the diagnosis was received) was 6 days. Twenty-nine percent and 68% of cases had a turnaround time within 3 and 7 days, respectively. Fifty-two percent of cases were sent to nationally known experts, and 32% were sent to local experts. Skin (18.0%), hematolymphoid (11.6%), and breast (9.6%) specimens were most commonly sent for consultation. In 70.5% of cases, the consultant confirmed the referring pathologist's original diagnosis, but in 15.9% of cases, the consultant also added significant information. Satisfaction rates were higher with faster turnaround times and verbal reporting. Satisfaction rates were lower for cases in which the patient or the clinician requested the consultation and in which the consultant's diagnosis was ambiguous.
Conclusions.—This study establishes a multi-institutional consultation rate of 0.5%, defines the nature of surgical pathology consultations, and demonstrates that satisfaction with consultations is associated with a faster turnaround time and receipt of additional, clinically meaningful information.
Intratubular Embryonal Carcinoma
Authors: Rakheja Dinesh , Hoang Mai P. , Sharma Suash , Albores-Saavedra Jorge 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Although intratubular embryonal carcinoma has been described adjacent to invasive embryonal carcinoma, to our knowledge it has not been reported as an isolated finding. We present in this report the histologic and immunohistochemical findings of 2 cases of intratubular embryonal carcinoma. One case was exclusively intratubular embryonal carcinoma without an invasive component in the same testis. A malignant mixed germ cell tumor in the contralateral testis had been previously excised. The second case is predominantly composed of intratubular embryonal carcinoma adjacent to a malignant mixed germ cell tumor. In one case, the intratubular embryonal carcinoma was immunoreactive for CD30, AE1/AE3, cytokeratin 7 focally, and p53. It was negative for cytokeratin 20, p21, and α-fetoprotein. These findings are strongly supportive of the opinion that intratubular embryonal carcinoma is the precursor of invasive embryonal carcinoma.
Quality Indicators of Fresh Frozen Plasma and Platelet Utilization
Authors: Novis David A. , Renner Stephen , Friedberg Richard C. , Walsh Molly K. , Saladino Andrew J. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective.—To determine the normative rates of expiration and wastage for units of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) and platelets (PLTs) in hospital communities throughout the United States, and to examine hospital blood bank practices associated with more desirable (lower) rates.
Design.—In 3 separate studies, participants in the College of American Pathologists Q-Probes laboratory quality improvement program collected data retrospectively on the numbers of units of FFP and PLTs that expired (outdated) prior to being used and that were wasted due to mishandling. Participants also completed questionnaires describing their hospitals' and blood banks' laboratory and transfusion practices.
Setting and Participants.—One thousand six hundred thirty-nine public and private institutions, more than 80% of which were known to be located in the United States.
Main Outcome Measures.—Quality indicators of FFP and PLT utilization: the rates of expiration and wastage of units of FFP and PLTs.
Results.—Participants submitted data on 8 981 796 units of FFP and PLTs. In all 3 studies, aggregate combined FFP and PLT expiration rates ranged from 5.8% to 6.4% and aggregate combined FFP and PLT wastage rates ranged from 2.0% to 2.5%. Among the top-performing 10% of participants (90th percentile and above), FFP and PLT expiration rates were 0.6% or lower and FFP and PLT wastage rates were 0.5% or lower. Among the bottom-performing 10% of participants (10th percentile and below), expiration rates were 13.8% or higher and wastage rates were 6.8% or higher. We were unable to associate selected hospital characteristics or blood bank practices with lower rates of FFP and PLT utilization.
Conclusions.—The rates of FFP and PLT expiration and wastage vary greatly among hospitals in the United States. Hospital blood bank personnel are capable of achieving FFP and PLT expiration and wastage rates below 1%.
Nasal Natural Killer Cell/T-Cell Lymphoma Showing Cellular Morphology Mimicking Normal Lymphocytes
Authors: Chinen Katsuya , Kaneko Yasuhiko , Izumo Toshiyuki , Ohkura Yasuo , Matsubara Osamu , Tsuchiya Eiju 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We report the autopsy case of a 34-year-old Japanese man with a nasal natural killer (NK)-cell/T-cell lymphoma. The patient developed the disease at 32 years of age, and a biopsy of the nasopharynx revealed pleomorphic lymphoma cell proliferation. Radiotherapy was performed, but the patient eventually died of respiratory failure. After radiotherapy, no histologic evidence of malignancy was obtained with biopsy materials featuring lymphocytic infiltration. Autopsy studies, including in situ hybridization for Epstein-Barr virus–encoded RNA, revealed generalized infiltration of normal lymphocyte-like, UCHL-1–positive, and Epstein-Barr virus–encoded RNA–positive lymphoma cells. Monoclonal proliferation of the Epstein-Barr virus–carrying cells was verified by means of Southern blot analysis. Retrospectively, we concluded that the normal lymphocyte-like presentation of the lymphoma cells, probably influenced by radiotherapy, prevented pathologists from recognizing the lymphoma. The utility of in situ hybridization for Epstein-Barr virus–encoded RNA in identification of tumor cells is emphasized with respect to the present case.
Natural Killer–like T-Cell Lymphoma of the Parotid in a Patient Infected With Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Cornfield Dennis B. , Papiez Joseph S. , Lynch James T. , Rimsza Lisa M. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A 42-year-old man with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome developed a mass of the right parotid gland and multiple hepatic masses. Hematoxylin-eosin–stained sections of the parotid lesion showed a diffuse infiltrate of large mononuclear cells with vesicular nuclei and prominent nucleoli, consistent with a non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Immunohistochemical stains demonstrated expression of the T-cell markers CD3 and UCHL-1, as well as latent membrane protein 1 and T-cell intracellular antigen 1. Flow cytometry showed surface expression of CD2, CD3, CD7 (dim), CD8, and CD56. CD5 was not expressed. Molecular evaluation by polymerase chain reaction demonstrated monoclonal rearrangement of the T-cell receptor γ gene. Epstein-Barr virus early RNA and human immunodeficiency virus RNA were demonstrated by in situ hybridization. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of T-cell lymphoma of the parotid in a patient infected with human immunodeficiency virus. After 2 separate chemotherapy regimens, the patient achieved clinical remission for 1½ years; he then developed progressive pulmonary lesions and died.
Lymphoepithelioma-like Carcinoma of the Uterine Cervix
Authors: Martorell Miguel A. , Julian Jose M. , Calabuig Consuelo , García-García JoséA. , Pérez-Vallés Ana 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Context.—It has been proposed that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) plays a role in the etiology of lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC) in diverse anatomic locations. In contrast to Asian women, Western women have a low prevalence of LELC of the uterine cervix, and EBV genomes have not been identified.
Objective.—To assess the presence of EBV in LELC of the uterine cervix in 4 white Western women.
Design.—We collected 4 cases of LELC of the uterine cervix between 1990 and 2000. We performed histologic and immunohistochemical analyses of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor samples. We amplified tumor DNA with polymerase chain reaction to detect EBV, human papillomavirus, and simian virus 40 DNAs.
Results.—Immunohistochemically, tumor cells were positive for cytokeratins and showed strong expression of p53 and MIB-1. Staining for the oncoprotein c-Erb-B2 was focally positive, and staining for Bcl-2 and progesterone receptors was negative. Only one case showed focal nuclear staining for estrogen receptors. All cases had a dense infiltrate of mature lymphocytes expressing T-cell antigens CD45RO, CD3, and CD8. Polymerase chain reaction analysis did not detect EBV, human papillomavirus, or simian virus 40 DNA sequences in any of the 4 cases. One case had positive serologic results for anti-EBV antibodies, indicating a mild or chronic infection.
Conclusions.—LELC of the uterine cervix shows the immunohistochemical profile of an aggressive tumor in spite of its good prognosis, in which CD8 cytotoxic suppressor lymphocytes could play an important role. Based on our results, the role of EBV, human papillomavirus, or simian virus 40 in the pathogenesis of LELC of the uterine cervix in Western women remains unclear.
Metastatic Carcinoid to the Conducting System—Is It a Rare or Merely Unrecognized Manifestation of Carcinoid Cardiopathy?
Authors: Shehata Bahig M. , Thomas Jean E. , Doudenko-Rufforny Irina 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We report a unique case of carcinoid cardiopathy. The patient, a 59-year-old white woman with a known carcinoid tumor of the terminal ileum, presented with complete heart block and subsequently died. Because of her clinical presentation, we examined the conducting system at autopsy. The atrioventricular node was heavily infiltrated by metastatic carcinoid. The tumor was also seen in the surrounding atrial myocardium. No other metastatic lesions were seen in the heart. Carcinoid cardiopathy in the form of right-sided endocardial and valvular thickening has been well documented in the literature, and we found these features in our case as well. To our knowledge, carcinoid has never been documented in the cardiac conducting system until now. We found 2 cases of possible involvement of the conducting system reported in the literature. Unfortunately, the conducting system was not examined postmortem in either of these cases. If conducting system involvement is not unique to the present case, patients with metastatic carcinoid and cardiac problems may require different management. We hope that this case will stimulate further postmortem study of the conducting system in patients with metastatic carcinoid tumor.
Malignant Ameloblastoma, Spindle Cell Variant
Authors: Zarbo Richard J. , Marunick Mark T. , Johns Robert 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this report, we document the histologic and clinical features of a previously undefined spindle cell variant of ameloblastoma that eventually behaved in a malignant fashion during a protracted course. The predominant histologic pattern was a well-differentiated, cellular, spindled epithelial proliferation arising in the maxilla of a 14-year-old African American girl. Over 19 years, the patient experienced numerous local recurrences, metastases to distant bones after 15 years, and finally bulky local recurrence with intracranial extension resulting in death. This ameloblastic malignancy histologically simulates a low-grade true sarcoma or an ameloblastic sarcoma, but differs in that the extensive spindle cell proliferation is epithelial, characterized by strong cytokeratin immunoreactivity and negative vimentin staining.
Angiosarcoma Masquerading as Embryonal Carcinoma in the Metastasis From a Mature Testicular Teratoma
Authors: Sahoo Sunati , Ryan Christopher W. , Recant Wendy M. , Yang Ximing J. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Sarcoma can arise within a germ cell tumor (GCT) from a malignant transformation of teratomatous elements or as late sequelae to radiation therapy. Angiosarcoma as a malignant component in testicular GCTs has rarely been reported and is often misdiagnosed as embryonal carcinoma. We report the case of a 23-year-old man with mature teratoma of the testis and retroperitoneal metastasis exhibiting components of mature teratoma intermingled with high-grade angiosarcoma. It is important to recognize the presence of a high-grade sarcomatous component within a GCT because of its aggressive clinical behavior and different response to therapy.
Characterization of 4 Mantle Cell Lymphoma Cell Lines
Authors: Amin Hesham M. , McDonnell Timothy J. , Medeiros L. Jeffrey , Rassidakis Georgios Z. , Leventaki Vasiliki , O'Connor Sean L. , Keating Michael J. , Lai Raymond 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Context.—Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a distinct type of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma characterized by t(11;14)(q13;q32) and cyclin D1 overexpression. The pathogenesis of MCL has not been comprehensively studied, which can be attributed in part to the paucity of well-characterized MCL cell lines.
Objectives.—We collected 4 previously developed MCL cell lines and performed extensive characterization, including the susceptibly of these cell lines to transduction by adenovirus vectors. Our aim was to facilitate the establishment of an in vitro model that can be reliably used to study the pathogenesis of MCL.
Methods.—Standard techniques were used to compare the morphologic, immunophenotypic, and cytogenetic features of the 4 cell lines. In addition, Western blotting was used to investigate the presence of several cell cycle- and apoptosis-related proteins. TP53 DNA sequencing was also performed on the cell lines. The adenoviral transduction efficiency was assessed using an adenoviral vector carrying the gene encoding for the green fluorescence protein (Ad-GFP).
Results.—All cell lines demonstrated evidence of t(11;14)(q13;q32) and overexpression of cyclin D1. Cyclin D2 was not detectable in all cell lines, whereas cyclin D3 was weakly expressed in JeKo-1 and SP-53. Other abnormalities of the cell cycle G1 phase regulatory pathway were detected, including loss of expression of p53 (JeKo-1) and p16INK4a (SP-53 and Granta 519), as well as TP53 mutation (Mino). All cell lines express high levels of cyclin E, c-Myc, Bcl-2, Bax, Bcl-xL, and Mcl-1. Retinoblastoma protein is hyperphosphorylated in all cell lines. With the exception of Mino, MCL cell lines are highly transducible with adenoviral vectors.
Conclusion.—These cell lines are representative of MCL and can be used as an in vitro model to further explore the pathogenesis of this disease. The susceptibility of these cell lines to gene transfer provides opportunities to evaluate the importance of various oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes that may have an impact on developing effective therapeutic regimens for MCL.