bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DEMOGRAPHICS AND MOBILE PHONE TECHNOLOGY USE BY UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN NAIROBI, KENYA
Authors: Wasiaya Onyango Christopher , Serede Dr Sikolia Geoffrey , Kinoti Prof. Mberia Hellen 
Published: April 2021

Purpose: This research investigated the moderating effect of demographic factors on mobile phone technology use by undergraduate public university students in Nairobi, Kenya. The objective of the research was to establish the moderating effect of demographic characteristics on undergraduate university students’ use levels of mobile phone technology.
Methodology: The research used the media technological determinism theory as a theoretical framework. The target population was 246,871 undergraduate university students in six public universities in Nairobi, Kenya. The research design used was quantitative. Self-administered questionnaires were used as data collection tools. This study utilized purposive sampling to arrive at a sample size of 573 undergraduate students. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and then processed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.
Findings: Findings revealed that mobile phone technology use by undergraduate university students was not subject to demographic factors. The research concluded that there was no moderating effect of respondents’ demography on the relationship between undergraduate public university students and mobile phone technology use levels.
Unique Contribution to Theory and Practice and Policy: Since this research focused on undergraduate university students in public universities in Nairobi, Kenya, the researcher recommends that another research could be carried among post graduate students and also among private universities to find out if demographic factors may be affecting mobile phone technology use.
The value of magnetic resonance enterography in diagnostic difficulties associated with Crohn’s disease
Authors: Biernacka Katarzyna B. , Barańska Dobromiła , Matera Katarzyna , Podgórski Michał , Czkwianianc Elżbieta , Szabelska-Zakrzewska Katarzyna , Dziembowska Inga , Grzelak Piotr 
Published: April 2021

IntroductionThe diagnosis of Crohn’s disease (CD), one of the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), along with ulcera­tive colitis (UC), is often challenging due to the limitations of small intestine visualisation. Magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) enables imaging of intraluminal and extraintestinal complications without ionizing radiation. The objective of this study is to select CD-related MRE features and determine the feasibility of this technique to indicate a group of patients that should be subjected to more invasive diagnostic procedures.Material and methodsA total of 131 patients (mean age 25) underwent MRE, 60 of whom had been previously diagnosed with CD and 17 with UC. Additionally, 26 patients with suspected IBD and 28 with other or unknown patholo­gies were included in the study. Radiological reports of MRE examinations, effectuated using a 1.5-T field strength, were retrospectively analysed regarding radiological features of IBD, such as the following: bowel wall thickening, enhancement, comb sign, stricture, enlarged mesenteric nodes, inflammatory infiltration, and abnormal diffusion restriction in diffusion-weighted imaging. The statistical model was based on machine learning of the Kohonen map, together with univariate and multivariate analysis.ResultsThe selected neuron (Neuron 3) incorporated 23 cases of CD, 9 of suspected IBD, 2 patients with UC, and 4 with other pathologies. The statistical analysis identified bowel wall thickening, intestinal stricture, and lymphadenopathy as the 3 MRE findings most associated with Neuron 3 (AUC = 0.919, p = 0.031).ConclusionsBowel wall thickening, stricture, and enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes in MRE are independent predictive factors for CD diagnosis; thus, patients presenting these features should undergo further examinations. MRE constitutes a powerful imaging modality in cases of suspected IBD.
Imaging spectrum of posterior fossa anomalies on foetal magnetic resonance imaging with an algorithmic approach to diagnosis
Authors: Mahalingam Harsha Vardhan , Rangasami Rajeswaran , Seshadri Suresh , Suresh Indrani 
Published: April 2021

Posterior fossa abnormalities are one of the most common indications for performing foetal magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI). Ultrasonography is the initial imaging modality for assessment of foetal posterior fossa. Abnormal findings on ultrasonography warrant further evaluation with FMRI because it offers excellent soft-tissue contrast resolution and multiplanar capabilities. The neurological prognosis of different posterior fossa anomalies varies widely. FMRI plays a crucial role in confirming the diagnosis, assessing the prognosis, and counselling patients regarding continuation of pregnancy and possible post-natal developmental outcome. In this review we present the imaging spectrum of posterior fossa anomalies that readers can encounter in practice, highlight salient points in favour of each diagnosis, and provide a simplified algorithmic approach to reach the final diagnosis.
Obstructive oligospermia: the role of interventional radiology
in its diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Catelli Antonio , Corvino Antonio , Quarantelli Mario , Venetucci Piero 
Published: April 2021

IntroductionAccording to the latest World Health Organization guidelines (2010), oligo-sperm it is due to a sperm concentration of less than 15 million/ml of seminal fluid. The cause can be obstructive and non-obstructive. Interventional radiology allows diagnosis and, in some cases, minimally invasive treatment.Case presentationA 28-year-old man with oligospermia (7 million/ml of seminal fluid), surgically treated 2 years ago for clinical grade III bilateral varicocele (according to Dubin’s classification), was admitted to the Urology Department for suspected accidental surgical ligation of the left vas deferens. The patient underwent several diagnostic tests including phlebography of the left pampiniform plexus, bilateral vesico-deferentography. The steno-occlusion of the ejaculatory ducts was diagnosed, which was resolved through an innovative interventional radiology treatment.ConclusionsInterventional radiology has played a decisive role in the diagnosis and treatment of the causes of male infertility. In our experience, it has considerable potential in the minimally invasive treatment of steno-obstructive pathologies of the vesico-deferential system.
I. Dünya Savaşı Sırasında Türk-Macar Yakınlaşması: Nezaket Örnekleri
Authors: ÇİFTÇİOĞLU Ferdi , VERESOVA Erika 
Published: April 2021

Türk-Macar ilişkilerinin tarihsel süreci çok eskiye dayanmakla birlikte özellikle XIX. yüzyılda yoğunluk kazanmıştır. Bu dönem Avrupa’da çeşitli ideolojiler benimsenmiş ve ihtilallere varan mücadeleler kendini göstermiştir. XIX. yüzyılın ortasında Avrupa’daki bu buhrandan Macarlar da etkilenmiş ve Avusturya İmparatorluğu’na karşı özgürlük mücadelesi başlatmıştır. Mücadelenin başarısızlıkla sonuçlanmasıyla hareketin liderleri Osmanlı ülkesine sığınmışlardır. Bu durum Türk-Macar ilişkilerini daha ileri seviyeye taşımış, Macarlar 93 Harbinde ve I. Dünya Savaşında Osmanlı Devleti’ne büyük destekler vermiştir. İttifak halindeki iki milletin karşılıklı nezaket örnekleri Türk-Macar ilişkisini en iyi şekilde göstermiştir.
Türk-Macar ilişkilerinin I. Dünya Savaşı sırasındaki yoğunluğu dönemin Osmanlı arşiv belgelerine ve Macar basınına yansımıştır. Dil, tarih ve kültür üzerine önem taşıyan eserlerin iki millet arasında ortak kültür inşası için toplanmak istenmesi ve bu doğrultuda iki ülke arasında eser değişimlerinin gerçekleştirilmesi söz konusu ilişkiyi açıklar niteliktedir. Ayrıca I. Dünya Savaşı devam ederken Osmanlı basın yetkilileri Budapeşte’de misafir edilmiş, ortak değerler üzerine konuşmalar yapılmış ve birlikte hareket etmek için toplantılar düzenlenmiştir. Bu toplantılar adeta iki milletin birbirine besledikleri üst düzey duyguların ifade edildiği ortamlar olmuştur. I. Dünya Savaşı sırasında birçok alanda gerçekleşen Türk-Macar yakınlaşması özellikle kültürel ve ortak gelecek inşası üzerine yoğunlaşmıştır. Türk-Macar ilişkilerinin ilişkilerin tarihsel sürecine katkı sağlamak bu çalışmanın asıl amacını oluşturmaktadır.
Menkul Kıymet Borsaları Üretime Ne Derece Katkıda Bulunuyor? Gelişmekte Olan Ülkelerden Kanıtlar
Authors: SÖKMEN Ferhat Şirin 
Published: April 2021

Menkul kıymet borsalarının ülke ekonomilerine katkısı farklı göstergeler üzerinden literatürde ölçülmektedir. Zira menkul kıymet borsaları temel olarak ekonomide yatırımların gerçekleştirilebilmesi için gerekli olan fonların toplanması ve yatırımlara kanalize edilebilmesini sağlamaktadır. Bu anlamda menkul kıymet borsaları, finansal sistemin önemli bir parçası haline gelmektedir.
Bu çalışmada finansal sistemlerinin de kendileri gibi gelişme potansiyeline sahip olan gelişmekte olan ülke ekonomilerinde, menkul kıymet borsalarının hacimsel olarak, ilgili ekonomilerin endüstriyel üretimlerine etkileri incelenmektedir. Bu bağlamda Brezilya, Endonezya, Hindistan, Güney Afrika, Rusya ve Türkiye ekonomilerine ait veriler gelişmiş panel veri analiz metotları ile incelenmektedir. Sonuçlar göstermektedir ki, ülkeler grup olarak değerlendirildiğinde borsa işlem hacimlerindeki artışlar, sanayi üretimini etkilemektedir. Ülke bazında değerlendirmeler de ise Brezilya ve Rusya’da bu durumun geçerli olduğu görülmektedir.
Nesirlerinden Hareketle Mehmet Akif Ersoy’un Düşün Dünyası
Authors: DALAR Tuba 
Published: April 2021

Zaman, hiçbir şeyi umursamadan akıp giderken tarih, her millet/devlet için sıra dışı sayılabilecek dönemlere şahitlik eder. Böyle dönemlerde, toplumların sosyal, siyasal ve ekonomik kabullerinde birtakım dalgalanmalar görülür. Bu hareketlilik, birtakım toplumsal kırılma ve evrilmelere yol açmakla kalmaz aynı zamanda edebiyat ile toplum arasında var olagelen ilişkinin daha da yoğunlaşmasına sebep olur. Böylece edebiyat, bireysel olmanın ötesinde toplumsal ve daha realist bir söyleme ulaşır.
Mehmet Akif Ersoy’un yaşadığı dönemde, Osmanlı coğrafyasında bu tür bir atmosferin hâkim olması, Akif’in ortaya koyduğu sanatın realist hatta yer yer natüralist bir karakter taşımasına sebep olur. Sanatın yegâne görevinin, topluma hizmet olduğu görüşüne sahip olan Akif’in şiirlerindeki düşünsel arka planın yoğunluğu, çok iyi bilinen ve bugüne kadar yoğun bir şeklide gündeme getirilen bir husustur. Bu yüzden Safahat, Türk edebiyatında en çok okunan, basılan ve incelenen kitapların başında gelirken Akif’in düzyazıları aynı ilgiye mazhar olamamıştır. Bir sanatçının düşünsel portresi, sadece sanat eseri olarak ortaya koyduğu ürünlerden okunduğunda, sanatçıya ilişkin birçok insani özellik göz ardı edilebilmektedir.
Bu çalışmada, Mehmet Akif’in Sırât-ı Müstakim ve Sebîlü’r- Reşâd’da yayımlanan makaleleri, vaazları ile muhtelif isimlere gönderdiği mektupları esas alınarak Akif’in şiiri, şuuru ve şiarı arasındaki ilişki daha net bir şekilde ortaya koyuldu ve bütünlüklü bir Akif portresi oluşturulmaya çalışıldı.
Крестьянские хозяйства Бухтарминских старообрядцев
Authors: Лихачев Евгений , Лихачева Алла 
Published: April 2021

На основе сопоставления материалов этнографической Казакстанской экспедиции Академии наук СССР 1927 г. и экспедиционных материалов архитектора-искусствоведа Е. А. Ащепкова в 1943 г. раскрываются особенности складывания усадебных комплексов крестьянских хозяйств товарного типа старожильческой и переселенческой групп населения в XIX – начале XX в. в юго-восточном районе Алтая в бассейне рек Бухтарма и Нарым.
Air quality and health benefits from ultra-low emission control policy indicated by continuous emission monitoring: a case study in the Yangtze River Delta region, China
Authors: Zhang Yan , Zhao Yu , Gao Meng , Bo Xin , Nielsen Chris P. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract. To evaluate the improved emission estimates from online monitoring, we
applied the Models-3/CMAQ (Community Multiscale Air Quality) system to
simulate the air quality of the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region using two
emission inventories with and without incorporated data from continuous emission
monitoring systems (CEMSs) at coal-fired power plants (cases 1 and 2,
respectively). The normalized mean biases (NMBs) between the observed and
simulated hourly concentrations of SO2, NO2, O3, and
PM2.5 in case 2 were −3.1 %, 56.3 %, −19.5 %, and −1.4 %, all
smaller in absolute value than those in case 1 at 8.2 %, 68.9 %,
−24.6 %, and 7.6 %, respectively. The results indicate that incorporation
of CEMS data in the emission inventory reduced the biases between simulation
and observation and could better reflect the actual sources of regional air
pollution. Based on the CEMS data, the air quality changes and corresponding
health impacts were quantified for different implementation levels of
China's recent “ultra-low” emission policy. If the coal-fired power sector
met the requirement alone (case 3), the differences in the simulated monthly
SO2, NO2, O3, and PM2.5 concentrations compared to those
of case 2, our base case for policy comparisons, would be less than 7 % for
all pollutants. The result implies a minor benefit of ultra-low emission
control if implemented in the power sector alone, which is attributed to its limited
contribution to the total emissions in the YRD after years of pollution
control (11 %, 7 %, and 2 % of SO2, NOX, and primary particle
matter (PM) in case 2, respectively). If the ultra-low emission policy was
enacted at both power plants and selected industrial sources including
boilers, cement, and iron and steel factories (case 4), the simulated
SO2, NO2, and PM2.5 concentrations compared to the base
case would be 33 %–64 %, 16 %–23 %, and 6 %–22 % lower, respectively,
depending on the month (January, April, July, and October 2015). Combining
CMAQ and the Integrated Exposure Response (IER) model, we further estimated
that 305 deaths and 8744 years of life loss (YLL) attributable to PM2.5
exposure could be avoided with the implementation of the ultra-low emission
policy in the power sector in the YRD region. The analogous values would be
much higher, at 10 651 deaths and 316 562 YLL avoided, if both power and
industrial sectors met the ultra-low emission limits. In order to improve
regional air quality and to reduce human health risk effectively,
coordinated control of multiple sources should be implemented, and the
ultra-low emission policy should be substantially expanded to major emission
sources in industries other than the power industry.
Early spring subglacial discharge plumes fuel under-ice primary production at a Svalbard tidewater glacier
Authors: Vonnahme Tobias Reiner , Persson Emma , Dietrich Ulrike , Hejdukova Eva , Dybwad Christine , Elster Josef , Chierici Melissa , Gradinger Rolf 
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Subglacial upwelling of nutrient-rich bottom water is known to
sustain elevated summer primary production in tidewater-glacier-influenced
fjord systems. However, the importance of subglacial upwelling during the early spring season has not been considered yet. We hypothesized that
subglacial discharge under sea ice is present in early spring and that its
flux is sufficient to increase phytoplankton primary productivity. We
evaluated the effects of the submarine discharge on primary production in a
seasonally fast-ice covered Svalbard fjord (Billefjorden) influenced by a
tidewater outlet glacier in April and May 2019. We found clear evidence for
subglacial discharge and upwelling. Although the estimated bottom-water
entrainment factor (1.6) and total fluxes were lower than in summer studies,
we still observed substantial impact on the fjord ecosystem and primary
production at this time of the year. The subglacial discharge leads to a
salinity-stratified surface water layer and sea ice formation with low bulk
salinity and permeability. The combination of the stratified surface layer,
a 2-fold higher under-ice irradiance due to thinner snow cover, and
higher N and Si concentrations at the glacier front supported phytoplankton primary production 2 orders of
magnitude higher (42.6 mg C m−2 d−1) compared to a marine reference site at the fast-ice edge.
Reciprocal transplant experiments showed that nutrient supply increased
phytoplankton primary production by approximately 30 %. The
brackish-water sea ice at the glacier front with its low bulk salinity
contained a reduced brine volume, limiting the inhabitable brine channel
space and nutrient exchange with the underlying seawater compared to full
marine sea ice. Microbial and algal communities were substantially different
in subglacial-influenced water and sea ice compared to the marine reference
site, sharing taxa with the subglacial outflow water. We suggest that with
climate change, the retreat of tidewater glaciers in early spring could lead
to decreased under-ice phytoplankton primary production. In contrast, sea
ice algae production and biomass may become increasingly important, unless
sea ice disappears first, in which case spring phytoplankton primary
production may increase.
The Influence of Dividend Payments on Share Price in Manufacturing Firms Quoted on the Nigerian Stock Exchange
Authors: Ogege Samson 
Published: April 2021

This paper examined the influence of dividend payments on the price of share of quoted manufacturing companies in Nigeria employing panel data with 125 data observations spanning from 2014-2018. A purposeful sampling technique was used to select twenty-five manufacturing companies investigated from the Nigerian stock market. A linear regression model was specified and was further broken down into a bivariate regression model and the method of least square regression was adopted for data analysis. The outcome of the panel regression indicated that, dividend per share has a positive influence on the price of shares of high and low geared manufacturing firms; earnings per shares positively influence the shares price of both dividend and non-dividend paying manufacturing companies; dividend yield show an adverse effect on the share price of new and old manufacturing companies; credit risk was found to positively impact share price of big manufacturing companies, but adversely affect the share price of small manufacturing companies in Nigeria. In view of the outcomes of the analysis, the study therefore recommended that a conducive and favorable business environment should be created by the government for both old and new manufacturing companies in Nigeria to thrive. Also, credit risk should be effectively and efficiently managed by small manufacturing companies in particular in order to eliminate its adverse influence on their share price.
Opioid Claims Prior to Elective Total Joint Arthroplasty and Risk of Prolonged Postoperative Opioid Claims
Authors: Ross Bailey J. , Wu Victor J. , Mansour Alfred A. , Lee Olivia C. , Sherman William F. 
Published: April 2021

Introduction:
The United States is experiencing a national opioid epidemic. This study seeks to analyze recent trends in opioid claims after elective total joint arthroplasty and quantify the effect of preoperative opioid use on risk of prolonged postoperative claim rates.

Methods:
A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the PearlDiver database to track annual trends in opioid claims after elective total hip arthroplasty (THA), total knee arthroplasty (TKA), and total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA). Trend analysis of opioid claim rates was done with the Cochran-Armitage test. Rates of postoperative opioid claims were compared between opioid-naïve patients versus patients with opioid claims in the preoperative year through multivariable logistic regression.

Results:
In total, 105,860 procedures were included. For all procedures, the proportion of patients filing an opioid claim within 30 days postoperatively trended upward from 2011 to 2017 (all P < 0.001). Patients with one to three opioid claims in the year before arthroplasty were more likely to file an opioid claim within 30 days after arthroplasty (THA: odds ratio [OR], 2.61; TKA: OR, 3.04; and TSA: OR, 4.83), between 31 and 90 days (THA: OR, 2.76; TKA: OR, 2.87; and TSA: OR, 3.22), and between 91 days and 6 months (THA: OR, 4.83; TKA: OR, 4.07; and TSA: OR, 3.77). Patients with more than three prior opioid claims were more likely to file an opioid claim within 30 days (THA: OR, 6.15; TKA: OR, 6.79; and TSA: OR, 8.68), between 31 and 90 days (THA: OR, 20.99; TKA: OR, 14.00; and TSA: OR, 28.40), and between 91 days and 6 months (THA: OR, 46.31; TKA: OR, 33.93; and TSA: OR, 59.06).

Conclusion:
Opioid claims in the preoperative year markedly increase risk of prolonged postoperative opioid claims after arthroplasty. Surgeons should look further before the acute preoperative period when evaluating opioid exposure and assessing risk of chronic opioid dependence after elective arthroplasty.

Level of Evidence:
Level III
An Ecocultural Perspective on Learning Disability: Evaluation of Familial and Cultural Factors and Presentation of an Integrated Model
Authors: Cen-Yagiz Suzan , Aytac Berna 
Published: April 2021

Ecocultural theory defines culture as a broad context that includes the tasks, goals, beliefs, values, and resources of society. According to ecocultural theory, culture shapes families’ resources, routines, goals, and parenting practices. In turn, these characteristics of family ecology and parenting determine child development. Ecocultural theory is one of the modern approaches that examine the adaptation of children with disabilities and their families. This chapter aims to outline the relationship between cultural values and families’ support resources, and their influence on adaptation of the families and their children with learning disability (LD) within the framework of ecocultural theory. Previous studies supported that cultural values determine public knowledge, awareness, beliefs, and attitudes about LD. This chapter outlines both the detrimental and positive effects of the public knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes on families’ support resources. Also, families’ diversified support resources are detailed, and their differential influences on family and child development are elaborated. In the chapter, an integrated model is presented based on findings of previous empirical studies and ecocultural perspective. The model might enhance a culturally sensitive understanding of the experience of families and children. This chapter can also guide researchers in developing more comprehensive and effective intervention programs for the target group.
A new genus and species of tachinid flies from Iran (Diptera, Tachinidae, Goniini)
Authors: Gilasian Ebrahim , Ziegler Joachim , Tóthová Andrea , Parchami-Araghi Mehrdad 
Published: April 2021

Susamyia Ziegler & Gilasian gen. nov. and its type species Susamyia mira Ziegler & Gilasian gen. et sp. nov. are described from southwestern Karkheh National Park and southeastern Jazmourian Wetland of Iran. Drawings of terminalia and head of the male as well as images of habitus, head and egg are provided. Susamyia gen. nov. is incorporated into the identification key to the Palearctic tachinid genera of Tschorsnig & Richter (1998). The systematic position of Susamyia gen. nov. in the tribe Goniini (Exoristinae) is discussed in light of molecular analyses based on the ribosomal genes 16S, 18S and 28S, and the egg type of females. The morphology of the microtype eggs was studied and compared with that of other Goniini, but proved too unreliable to be included in the phylogenetic analysis. Susamyia gen. nov. is believed to be most closely related to the goniine genera Gymnophryxe Villeneuve, 1922, Palesisa Villeneuve, 1929 and Prosopodopsis Townsend, 1926.