bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mood Lifters: A Peer-Led Mental Health Program for Older Adults via Video Conferencing
Authors: Funk Courtney , Ferber Rebecca , Harrington Anne , Porte Jennifer , Connell Cathleen , Maixner Susan , Roberts Scott 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Effective and scalable mental health programs are greatly needed for older adults, given the vast majority in need do not receive formal mental health services. In this study, we adapted Mood Lifters—a peer-led, community-based program promoting mental well-being—to address the unique needs of older adults. The 14 weekly program sessions were delivered via Zoom. Twelve older adults (mean age = 69.7 years; 4 men, 8 women) enrolled; 9 completed the program (2 of 3 dropouts were due to health issues). A battery of validated measures administered within one week before and after the program assessed domains including depression and anxiety, stress management, and health behaviors. Compared to baseline, participants who completed the program showed significant improvements in perceived stress (p=0.03), sleep quality (p=0.02), and emotion regulation via cognitive reappraisal (p=0.06). Depression and anxiety symptoms (assessed by the Geriatric Depression and Anxiety Scales, respectively) were lower at program completion, although improvements were not statistically significant. No significant changes from pre- to post-test were reported in loneliness and health behaviors. Participant ratings of program satisfaction were very high (mean = 4.78/5, with 1=poor, 5=excellent). Results from this pilot test of Mood Lifters for Seniors suggest it is feasible and acceptable for outreach to older adults, with preliminary evidence of benefits in several domains related to mental health and wellness. Future randomized trials with larger, more diverse samples will be necessary to confirm program benefits.
Comparisons Between Recruitment and Retention Strategies for Two Online RCTs
Authors: Webster Britney , Jeanblanc Alexandra , Smith Gregory , Infurna Frank 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Custodial grandfamilies (CGF) comprise a small, diverse group of the US population which can make samples difficult to recruit and retain. Two online RCT studies (S1 & S2) for CGF used a variety of recruitment strategies with varying success. S1, for grandmothers (GM) only, successfully recruited from Facebook (47.95%) and community flyers (17.73%). S2, dyadic study for GM and adolescent grandchildren (AGC), recruited through emails to high school counselors (43.29%) and community (30.94%) and professional (17.13%) kinship support organizations. The advantages of online RCTs for hard-to-reach populations include expedited administration, buffering against social distancing, nationwide enrollment (S1-42 states; S2-43 states), and generalizability of findings. Challenges of online RCTs are establishing rapport and building trust with participants who are not comfortable with technology and designing screenings to identify false participants. Overall, these studies highlight the advantages of an online RCT, especially for hard-to-reach populations like custodial grandfamilies.
BMI Change After Parent’s Death in Adulthood: Examining Age and Race Differences With Time-Varying Effects Modeling
Authors: Chai Hye Won , Cha Hyungmin , Umberson Debra 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Parental bereavement in adulthood is a stressful event that can have adverse health consequences for middle and older adults, including weight gain. Considering that the impact of bereavement is found to vary depending on the timing of death as well as across race/ethnicity, changes in weight after a parent’s passing may also be contingent on the timing of parent’s death and the bereaved individual’s race/ethnicity. Using Time-Varying Effects Modeling (TVEM), this study examined whether changes in BMI following a parent’s death differed across respondent’s age when their parent passed away. We also tested whether these age differences varied by race. Data came the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) Waves 1 – 13 and we selected respondents who experienced passing of either parent while participating in HRS. Analyses were run separately for mother’s death (n = 6,191) and father’s death (n = 3,301). Results showed significant racial/ethnic differences in BMI change following a mother’s death, particularly during late midlife to early late life. Specifically, non-Hispanic White and Black adults showed a greater increase in BMI compared to Hispanic adults. These race differences were consistent for father’s death as well, but to a lesser extent compared to mother’s death. Results suggest that White and Black adults who lost their parents between late midlife and early late life gained more weight compared to their Hispanic counterparts. This may be attributed to the racial/ethnic differences in health behaviors in response to parent’s death.
An International Review of Motor Vehicle Collision Risk with Medical Conditions in Older Adults
Authors: Rapoport Mark , Wood Joanne , Dow Jamie , O'Neill Desmond , Charlton Judith , Koppel Sjannie 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The objective was to examine the impact of seven categories of medical illness on risk of Motor Vehicle Collisions (MVC) in older adults. In late 2019, a systematic review of the MVC risk associated with alcohol use disorders, psychiatric disorders, epilepsy, diabetes, hearing loss, vision disorders and sleep disorders was conducted. A total of 64,720 titles were screened, and 138 articles were included. Of these, only thirteen pertained to older adults, only six showed increased MVC risk in at least one condition, and only seven were rated of “Good” quality. Hearing impairment was associated with MVC only if associated with visual acuity or contrast sensitivity impairments (RR 1.52, 95% CI 1.01-2.3 and RR 2.41, 95% CI 1.62-3.57, respectively). A high depression score was associated with increased MVC (RR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1-2.1) in one study, but a similar relationship was not found in two other studies. Glaucoma increased at-fault MVC risk (RR 1.65, 95% CI 1.20-2.28) in one study, but no relationship was found in another. Visual field loss increased MVC risk in three of four studies (RR or HR ranging from 1.31 to 2.32). One negative study each were identified for alcohol use disorders, age-related macular degeneration, any eye disease, or any psychiatric disorder, and four negative studies were identified for reduced visual acuity. No studies of older adults were found for epilepsy or sleep disorders. Interpretation of MVC risk in older drivers with medical illness is rendered challenging by the paucity and quality of studies.
Metabolic Syndrome and Objective Physical Performance Measures in Mid-to-Early Late Life Women: SWAN
Authors: Strotmeyer Elsa , Boudreau Robert , Lange-Maia Brittney , El Khoudary Samar , Ylitalo Kelly , Kriska Andrea , Karvonen-Gutierrez Carrie , Napoleone Jenna 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of factors (hypertension, abdominal obesity, impaired fasting glucose, low high-density lipoprotein, hypertriglyceridemia). How midlife MetS impacts future physical functioning is uncertain. We hypothesized that higher midlife MetS components are associated with poorer physical performance in early late life for multi-ethnic women. MetS status from 1996-2011 (8 visits) and objective physical performance (2015/16; short physical performance battery (SPPB; 0-12), 40-foot walk (m/s), 4-meter gait speed (m/s), chair stands (sec), stair climb (sec)) were assessed in the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation (SWAN; n=1722; age 65.4±2.7 years; 26.9% Black, 10.1% Chinese, 9.8% Japanese, 5.5% Hispanic). Poisson latent class growth modeling identified trajectory groups distinguishable by number of MetS components: none (23.9%), 1=low-MetS (28.7%), 2=mid-MetS (30.9%), &gt;3=high-MetS (16.5%). High-MetS versus none had higher body mass index, pain, financial strain, and lower physical activity and self-reported health (p &lt; 0.0001). Black and Hispanic women were more likely to be in high-MetS and had worse physical functioning, along with Chinese women, versus White (all p&lt;0.05, except gait speed in Hispanic). Adjusted linear regression related MetS groups to physical performance. High-MetS versus none demonstrated adjusted worse 40-ft walk (β:-0.08; 95% CI:-0.13, -0.03), gait speed (β:-0.09; 95% CI:-0.15, -0.02), SPPB (β:-0.79; 95% CI: -1.15, -0.44), and chair stands (β:0.69; 95% CI: 0.09, 1.28), but not stair climb, with race significantly related to all except 40-ft walk. Midlife MetS trajectories related to poor physical performance in early late life multi-ethnic women. Managing midlife metabolic function may improve physical performance in late life.
Spirituality as an Essential Element of Person-Centered Care
Authors: Nathan Rachel , Zuercher Deborah , Eveland Steven , Chacko Anjana , Kheirbek Raya 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Data demonstrate that the majority of patients with serious or chronic illness would like their clinicians to address their spirituality but that the majority of clinicians do not provide such care. Reasons cited include lack of training. Palliative Medicine, built on the biopsychosocial-spiritual model of care, has long recognized the critical role of spirituality in the care of patients with complex, serious, and chronic illness. There is mounting evidence that spiritual care is a fundamental component of all high-quality compassionate health care, and it is most effective when it is recognized and reflected in the attitudes and actions of both patients and health care providers. We conducted focus groups as a first step in the process to arrive at a consensus definition of “spiritual care.” A second step involved collecting and comparing frameworks and models that recognize that providers cannot be made compassionate simply through the imposition of rules; methods were needed to achieve behavior change. The study group developed and piloted curriculum to train health care providers. The created curricula covered the definitions of a spiritual care, self-awareness, cultural sensitivity, assessment, and skills. As part of ongoing curriculum development processes, training included evaluation tools to accompany skill development . Our work demonstrated the need for compassionate presence during encounters, for applying the spirituality in professional life; and for identifying ethical issues in inter-professional spiritual care. We concluded that it is feasible to train clinicians to address spirituality and provide holistic and patient-centered care in an effort to minimize suffering.
Supporting Innovative Strategies to Reduce Opioid-Related Harms Among Older Adults in Primary Care
Authors: Bertrand Rosanna , Keane Nicole , Shoemaker-Hunt Sarah , Hsu Clarissa , Parchman Michael , Tong Sebastian , Bierman Arlene 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Older adults are more likely to be prescribed opioids and to suffer from opioid-related harms. Despite growing concerns about opioid misuse in older adults, providers and health care systems often struggle with approaches that would effectively manage opioid use and reduce opioid misuse in older adults. To address this issue, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality funded a four-year project to work with primary care practices in developing and testing innovative strategies for opioid management in older adults. To develop a change package that will inform learning collaboratives where primary care practices will be encouraged to test new or modified strategies in managing opioids in older adults, Abt, the contractor, first completed an environmental scan to identify existing resources/tools. Identified resources/tools were vetted by an expert panel and appropriate items were used to develop a change package consisting of nine high-leverage change (HLC) strategies (e.g., Develop processes/workflows that clearly define roles/responsibilities and promote coordinated team-based care). In the change package, multiple key activities that accompany each HLC strategy are presented as examples of strategies that could be implemented to bring about the selected HLC. Primary care practices participating in learning collaboratives will use the change package to guide the development and testing of strategies to manage opioids in their older adults, which will inform the development and refining of a compendium of strategies to best reduce harms of opioid use in older adults.
The Moderating Role of Depression on Momentary Pain-Affect Associations in Osteoarthritis
Authors: Behrens Emily , Hill Kyrsten , Smith Dylan , DeCaro Jason , Cox Brian , Parmelee Patricia 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Previous research has found a reciprocal relationship between pain and depression, in which each influences the severity of the other (Chou, 2007; Hawker et al., 2011, Kroenke et al., 2011; Schieir et al., 2009). Studies have found that depressed individuals exhibit stronger pain-mood associations than never-depressed individuals (Conner et al., 2006; Tennen et al., 2006). The current study investigated main and interactive effects of depressive symptoms on the momentary associations between pain and mood. Experience sampling (ESM) data was used from a multi-site study examining individuals with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Participants completed self-report measures of global depression and momentary pain, negative affect (NA), and positive affect (PA). Cross-sectional associations among momentary pain and affect were examined in a series of hierarchical multilevel models that nested the 28 ESM calls (Level 1) within participants (Level 2). A parallel set of multilevel models tested lagged associations among momentary variables. Depression significantly moderated the contemporaneous (p &lt; .001) and lagged (p &lt; .003) associations between pain and NA, suggesting that depression intensifies the momentary pain-NA linkage. There were no significant interaction effects for PA. These findings extend existing knowledge by illustrating how depressive symptoms influence the everyday experience of OA pain and its impact on affective well-being. (Supported by AG041655, P. Parmelee and D. Smith, Co-PIs)
Age and Gender Differences in Long-Term Exercise Behavior for Older Adults with Heart Disease
Authors: Graham Helen , Asakura Yuki , Prue-Owens Kathy 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Exercise decreases mortality and hospital admissions. Exercise adherence is challenging, and little is known about exercise adherence especially in older adults with heart disease. To gain an understanding of long-term exercise behaviors in older adults we conducted a cross-sectional study of individuals diagnosed between 2016-2020 with myocardial infarction (MI)/angina. Emails were sent in 2020 to recruit participants. Exercise adherence was measured using the Exercise Adherence Rating Scale (EARS), Godin’s Leisure-Time Activity Scale (GLTEQ) for exercise intensity, and self-report for impact of COVID-19. Descriptive statistics and t-tests were used to analyze data. Eight-hundred and seven individuals (x ̅ age 67.3) responded to the on-line survey. The majority were males (68.8%), married, (68.9%), and retired (59.3%). Co-morbidities included hypertension (32%), hyperlipidemia (21%), diabetes (12%), and depression (6.2%). Long-term exercise behaviors were independently observed in participants ≥65yr (n=526) and &lt;65yr (n=281). Females ≥65yo demonstrated higher exercise adherence scores compared with males ≥65yo (1.66 ± 1.1 vs. 1.30 ± 21.7; t = -2.59, p=.010). Conversely, males scored higher in exercise intensity (34.4 ± 24.7 vs. 22.6 ± 21.7; t = 3.84, p=.000). Gender related exercise adherence and exercise intensity did not differ significantly in &lt;65yo (p=.278 & p=.282, respectively). Exercise frequency decreased in both age groups after COVID-19 Pandemic started, however the decrease was significant only in older adults (p=.014) indicating they were at greater risk for exercise problems when faced with environmental barriers. Additional research is recommended as to the impact of environmental factors on exercise adherence in older adults and potential interventions.
Daily Activity Engagement Predicts More Positive Affect Especially on Days When a Person Feels Young
Authors: O'Brien Erica , Neupert Shevaun 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Engagement in a wide array of mental, social, and physical leisure activities confers several health benefits. Indeed, theories of successful aging argue that an active lifestyle serves as an important criterion for maintaining high levels of psychological, functional, and physical well-being in old age. Findings from parallel studies also show that people who hold positive (self-)views of aging exhibit higher and maintained levels of well-being over time. Yet, whether views of aging enhances the link between activity engagement and well-being - and whether they do so on a daily basis – remains unknown. This study therefore sought to extend prior literature by examining the relationship between activity engagement, subjective age, and affective ratings within-person over several days. Old adults (N = 115; Age: Range = 60 – 90, M = 64.65, SD = 4.86) in the Mindfulness and Anticipatory Coping Every Day (MACED) study completed an 8-day daily diary. Participants reported on their positive and negative affect, the age they subjectively felt compared to their actual age, and the number and types of leisure activities in which they engaged. Results from multilevel analyses indicate that people felt more positive on days when they also engaged in more activities (total across mental, social, physical types) than usual. Moreover, the effect of activity engagement was most pronounced on days when people felt younger than usual. No effects were found for negative affect. Preliminary findings suggest that people benefit psychologically from daily leisure activities and a positive self-view of aging.
Changes in Consumption Expenditures among Baby-boomers and Young-olds: Latent Transition Analysis
Authors: Song Si Young , Jun Hey Jung , Joo Susanna , Yoon Do Kyung 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the longitudinal transition of consumption expenditures among both baby-boomers and young-olds in South Korea. We used data from the 6th (2016) and the 7th (2018) waves of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing (KLoSA). The final sample comprised 1,806 baby-boomers (age range=53-61 in 2016) and 1,483 young-olds (age range=65-74 in 2016). Consumption expenditures were observed with nine types of expenses: food, eating out, public education, private education, housing, health-care, clothing, cultural entertainment, and savings. According to the results from latent transition analysis (LTA), three consumption subgroups were identified among baby-boomers: “non-expenditure for education (NE, 69.7%)” group, “high-public education expenditures (PE, 10.7%)” group, and “high-public and private education expenditures (PPE, 19.6%)” group. For baby-boomers, NE and PE were more likely to remain the same type throughout the two waves, and PPE was most likely to move to NE two years later. Meanwhile, the consumption expenditures of young-olds were divided into “low-saving (LS, 63.7%)” group, “high-saving (HS, 40%)” group, and “education cost-centered (EC, 5.3%)” group. In the case of young-olds, the transition between the groups was unlikely to occur across the two waves which can be interpreted as having fewer life cycle changes than baby-boomers. This study suggests that it is necessary to take into account the difference between the generations when understanding longitudinal transition of consumption expenditures.
Financial Planning for Retirement: Developing an Integrated Model
Authors: Yeung Dannii , Ho Alvin , Lam Alfred 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
With higher life expectancy of the aging population, retirees nowadays will spend a prolonged period of time after retirement. Yet, past studies have consistently revealed a lack of retirement savings among working adults, implying an inadequacy to maintain the quality of life in late adulthood. This study therefore aims to identify the factors influencing the working adults’ intention to purchase financial products for retirement (such as deferred annuity and voluntary contribution to retirement fund) and develop an integrated model of financial planning for retirement. A total of 598 Hong Kong Chinese working adults from diverse age and income groups completed an online survey on intentions to save and purchase specific financial products for retirement. The results of MANCOVA reveal that compared to older workers, younger workers had lower intentions to save and purchase financial products for their retirement even after controlling for their monthly income [F(16,1797)=2.24, p=.003, partial n2=.015]. An integrated model of financial planning for retirement is proposed by incorporating the concepts of the interdisciplinary psycho-motivation model and Theory of Reasoned Actions (χ2 = 40.42, p&lt;.001, CFI = .99, RMSEA = .07, SRMR = .02). In particular, the positive effects of financial literacy, subjective norms, social support, and future time perspective on intention to save and purchase financial products for retirement have been found to be mediated by retirement goal clarity but not attitudes towards retirement. Future direction on promoting younger and older workers’ retirement planning especially in the financial domain will also be discussed in the presentation.
What Are We Worried About? Mid-life Couples’ Financial Concerns About Their Retirement
Authors: Yorgason Jeremy , Segel-Karpas Dikla , Ermer Ashley , Weller Hailey , Owens Shenan , Wheeler Brandan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Retirement is an expected stage of life that couples plan for far in advance. Despite knowing that years of life without regular income are anticipated, some underprepare, leading to financial uncertainty in later years. In this study we explore financial concerns for retirement expressed by a sample of 335 midlife (Mage=44) couples that participated in the Flourishing Families study. We also examined predictors of those concerns across a 1-year period. Results suggested that both husbands and wives worried about insufficient income, excess spending, and heavy debt in retirement. Minor concerns included being worried about paying for their children’s education, net worth, and general expenses. Lower income was predictive of both husbands and wives being worried about having insufficient income in retirement. Higher income was predictive of husbands having concerns about excess spending. Although having retirement benefits was not predictive of any worries, having retirement savings was associated with wives having a greater likelihood of reporting worries about heavy debt and net worth in retirement. Better financial communication was associated with fewer husbands reporting concerns about excess spending and fewer wives reporting concerns about heavy debt. Having concerns about a spouse not being financially responsible were associated with more husbands reporting worries about excess spending and heavy debt in retirement. When wives reported higher social connection with a child, they also were more likely to report worries about expenses. Findings suggest that saving for retirement, communicating well about finances, and being financially responsible are associated with fewer financial concerns in retirement.