bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrikasi Lapisan Pada Baja 0,192 % C Sebagai Alternatif Pahat Bubut
Authors: Susetyo Ferry Budhi , Dwiyati Siska Titik , Hutomo M. Bagus Priyo 
Published: May 2021

Baja karbon rendah memiliki harga yang cukup kompettitif jika dibandingkan dengan baja karbon menengah dan tinggi. Dengan melapisi baja karbon rendah dengan lapisan yang lebih keras akan menghemat biaya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan pahat bubut yang memiliki nilai kekerasan yang tinggi dan harga yang murah. Metode yang dilakukan adalah menggunakan bahan baja karbon rendah kemudian dilakukan pengelasan pada permukaan dengan menggunakan elektroda JIS Z 3251 DF2B – 600 – R. Pengelasan pada permukaan ini bertujuan untuk menambahkan lapisan yang lebih keras dari baja karbon rendah. kemudian setelah itu spesimen dilakukan perlakuan panas dengan variasi waktu tahan selama 30 menit, 60 menit, dan 90 menit. Spesimen yang telah ditahan dengan tiga waktu yang berbeda kemudian dilakukan pendinginan cepat dengan dua media, yaitu coolant dan oli. Kata kunci: hardfacing, perlakuan panas, pendinginan cepat
An Unusual Epiphytic Habitat for Hedwigia ciliata (Bryophyta: Hedwigiaceae) in Poland (Central Europe)
Authors: Stebel Adam , Staniaszek-Kik Monika , Rosadziński Stanisław , Wierzgoń Mariusz , Fojcik Barbara , Smoczyk Michał , Vončina Grzegorz 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In Poland,
Hedwigia ciliata
(Hedw.) P. Beauv., an obligatory epilithic moss species, has in recent years also been observed on the bark of trees. In this paper, we describe 25 recently identified sites in which epiphytic
H. ciliata
has been observed, and provide a plausible explanation to account for this phenomenon.
Synthesis and Characteristics of Microencapsulated Myristic Acid with TiO2 as Composite Thermal Energy Storage Materials
Authors: WANG Zhaohe , CHEN Yanghua 
Published: May 2021

To solve the issues of flowing and leaking of myristic acid (MA) as phase change energy storage material in practical application, a novel microencapsulated composite phase change energy storage material was prepared by sol-gel method using myristic acid (MA) as core material and titanium dioxide (TiO2) as shell material. The chemical structure, crystal structure, micromorphology, phase change characteristics and thermal stability of phase change microencapsulated energy storage materials were characterized by using Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction analyzer (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). The consequents illustrated that the ideal sample melted at 54.97 °C with the latent heat of 55.76 J/g and solidified at 49.85 °C with the latent heat of 54.55 J/g. In general, the prepared microencapsulated phase change materials possessed good thermal properties and thermal stabilities. It is predicted that the shape-stabilized MA/TiO2 composites have great potential for thermal energy storage.
Feeding by Florivorous Flies (Tephritidae and Agromyzidae) in Flower Heads of Neotropical Asteraceae (Asterales) from Central Brazil
Authors: A. Uchoa Manoel , F. Wachter-Serapião Morgana , Roque Nádia 
Published: May 2021

The four following Diptera families are peculiar because they are predominantly phytophagous: Cecidomyiidae, Agromyzidae, Lonchaeidae and Tephritidae; which is uncommon for dipterans. Tephritine’s larvae, depending on the species, consumes leaves, stems, flowers or roots of their host plants. Some tephritines feeds on flower heads of weed Asteraceae and can act in population suppression of invasive species in cultivated areas. In Mid-West of Brazil, we investigate Tephritinae and Agromyzinae flies in flower heads of Asteraceae species in three different phytophisiognomies in Dourados region, state of Mato Grosso do Sul. Here, 12 florivore fly species (9 Tephritinae, and 3 Melanagromyza spp., Agromizinae, Agromyzidae) are reported for the first time in Mid-West Brazil. We stablish the species of Asteraceae host for Tephritinae (Tephritidae) and for some species of Melanagromyza (Agromyzinae) in environments of Cerrado, Semideciduous Forest, and agroecosystem at Dourados-MS region. The inflorescences of Asteraceae species (± 500 capitula/species) were kept in containers to the emergence of the florivorous flies or their parasitoids. The adult insects after 48 hours were fixed in 80% ethanol for later identification. A total 36 species of Asteraceae were evaluated in the three regions of Dourados-MS, Brazil. Were obtained 120,031 flower heads of Astereceae, emerging 2,698 adults of insects: 833 Tephritinae (Tephritidae), belonging to 7 genera and 9 species; 1,089 Melanagromyza spp. (Agromyzidae) and 776 parasitoids (Hymenoptera) from the tephritines and agromyzines. We found that some florivore fly species needs to be better studied to employ in suppression programs of invasive Asteraceae population in the Neotropical Region.
Vitamin D in Elderly
Authors: Kupisz-Urbańska Malgorzata , Łukaszkiewicz Jacek , Marcinowska-Suchowierska Ewa 
Published: May 2021

Vitamin D deficiency is common in elderly people, especially in patients with comorbidity and polypharmcy. In this group, low vitamin D plasma concentration is related to osteoporosis, osteomalacia, sarcopenia and myalgia. Vitamin D status in geriatric population is an effect of joint interaction of all vitamin D metabolic pathways, aging processes and multimorbidity. Therefore, all factors interfering with individual metabolic stages may affect 25-hydroxyvitamin D plasma concentration. The known factors affecting vitamin D metabolism interfere with cytochrome CYP3A4 activity. The phenomenon of drugs and vitamin D interactions is observed first and foremost in patients with comorbidity. This is a typical example of the situation where a lack of “hard evidence” is not synonymous with the possible lack of adverse effects. Geriatric giants, such as sarcopenia (progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength) or cognitive decline, strongly influence elderly patients. Sarcopenia is one of the musculoskeletal consequences of hypovitaminosis D. These consequences are related to a higher risk of adverse outcomes, such as fracture, physical disability, a poor quality of life and death. This can lead not only to an increased risk of falls and fractures, but is also one of the main causes of frailty syndrome in the aging population. Generally, Vitamin D plasma concentration is significantly lower in participants with osteoporosis and muscle deterioration. In some observational and uncontrolled treatment studies, vitamin D supplementation led to a reduction of proximal myopathy and muscle pain. The most positive results were found in subjects with severe vitamin D deficiency and in patients avoiding high doses of vitamin D. However, the role of vitamin D in muscle pathologies is not clear and research has provided conflicting results. This is most likely due to the heterogeneity of the subjects, vitamin D doses and environmental factors.
Evaluation of Anticoagulant Monitoring in Pediatric Patients Receiving Enoxaparin for Treatment of Venous Thrombosis
Authors: Koury Jason , Hellinga Robert , Rose Jennifer , Abraham Shirley , Subbaswamy Anjali 
Published: May 2021

OBJECTIVESA venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a blood clot that occurs secondary to vessel wall injury often from a central line insertion. Enoxaparin is often considered a first-line treatment in pediatrics for VTE due to its favorable kinetic profile. Enoxaparin monitoring for pediatric patients is accomplished through anti-Xa monitoring in which monitoring practices may vary between institutions. The objective of this study is to evaluate covariates in pediatric patients to determine which variables are most likely to be associated with enoxaparin dose changes as a result of anti-Xa monitoring.METHODSA single center, retrospective chart review was conducted in pediatric patients treated with enoxaparin for VTE over a 10-year period and who were assessed to determine covariates that lead to dose changes based on anti-Xa levels. Secondary outcomes described monitoring patterns at the University of New Mexico Children's Hospital.RESULTSSixty-eight patients met inclusion criteria in which results showed that patients aged 2 to 5.9 months (p = 0.026), who had critical care status (p = 0.009), and who were of Native American ethnicity (p = 0.016) were likely to have an enoxaparin dose change at least once during their treatment regimen. The mean number of levels drawn were 7.5 per patient over a 6- to 12-week period, and doses were not frequently changed based on a confirmatory lab draw. However, many doses were adjusted based on the week 1 post-therapeutic level.CONCLUSIONSPatients of Native American ethnicity, younger than 6 months, and those admitted to the PICU were likely to have dose changes based on anti-Xa levels.
Active Extraction of Experience of Adverse Drug Reactions in Children
Authors: Noda Aoi , Obara Taku , Satoh Michihiro , Yagi Naoto , Mano Nariyasu , Kaneko Kenji 
Published: May 2021

OBJECTIVE
Safety information regarding the use of medication, over-the-counter drugs, and supplements for Japanese children is scarce. The aim of this study was to clarify adverse drug reaction (ADR) experiences in children and consider the method to collect ADRs efficiently.

METHODS
We conducted a questionnaire survey regarding the ADR experiences of 20,412 children who were attending a preschool or kindergarten in the cities of Warabi and Toda, Saitama Prefecture, in May 2013.

RESULTS
Responses were received from the guardians of 15,076 children (49.5% girls; 8.2 ± 3.5 yr). A total of 196 guardians (1.3%) responded that their children had experienced ADRs. Among them, a total of 243 suspected drugs and 284 ADRs were reported. Of the 243 suspected drugs, 2.5% were associated with a vaccine. The most frequently reported medication, reaction, and “medication–reaction pair” were antibacterials for systemic use, rash, and “antibacterials for systemic use and rash,” respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
In this study, we clarified that there were many potential ADRs among children, but all “medication–reaction pairs” reported were consistent with adverse events reported in the clinical trials available in the prescribing information of each medication. This study provides data respective to the frequency of these adverse events in the general pediatric population. Additional education is needed to enlighten guardians of the importance to report ADRs through the Direct Patient Reporting System.
Evaluation of Melatonin Practices for Delirium in Pediatric Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Laudone Thomas W. , Beck Shawna D. , Lahr Hubert J. 
Published: May 2021

OBJECTIVE
To determine the use of melatonin and its role in therapy for pediatric delirium (as either prophylaxis or treatment for delirium) in an academic medical center's PICU.

METHODS
This retrospective, single-center study reviewed patients between 1 and 18 years of age admitted to the PICU between April 1, 2014, and February 29, 2019. Patients were included if they were admitted for greater than 48 hours and received melatonin for the indication of “delirium.” Patients were excluded if melatonin was a home medication. Data collected included baseline characteristics, sedation and antipsychotic usage, assessment scores, and admission overview data. Descriptive statistics were used to report categorical data as percentages.

RESULTS
A total of 63 patients were included. Thirty-nine patients (62%) required antipsychotics post–melatonin exposure, with risperidone being the most frequently used agent. The average cumulative antipsychotic exposure pre– and post–melatonin initiation was 2 versus 13 days. The average cumulative exposure to sedating agents, including opioids, benzodiazepines, ketamine, dexmedetomidine, and propofol, pre– and post–melatonin initiation was 13 versus 10 days. The average hospital and PICU lengths of stay were 54 and 39 days, respectively. The initiation of melatonin was also associated with lighter levels of sedation and decreased pain scores.

CONCLUSION
Although the initiation of melatonin does not appear to decrease antipsychotic use, the results of this study may suggest a potential prophylactic effect in reducing the days of sedation the patient receives while inpatient.
High fructose exposure modifies the amount of adipocyte-secreted microRNAs into extracellular vesicles in supernatants and plasma
Authors: Hernández-Díazcouder Adrián , González-Ramírez Javier , Giacoman-Martínez Abraham , Cardoso-Saldaña Guillermo , Martínez-Martínez Eduardo , Osorio-Alonso Horacio , Márquez-Velasco Ricardo , Sánchez-Gloria José L. , Juárez-Vicuña Yaneli , Gonzaga Guillermo , Sánchez-Lozada Laura Gabriela , Almanza-Pérez Julio César , Sánchez-Muñoz Fausto 
Published: May 2021

Background
High fructose exposure induces metabolic and endocrine responses in adipose tissue. Recent evidence suggests that microRNAs in extracellular vesicles are endocrine signals secreted by adipocytes. Fructose exposure on the secretion of microRNA by tissues and cells is poorly studied. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of fructose exposure on the secretion of selected microRNAs in extracellular vesicles from 3T3-L1 cells and plasma from Wistar rats.

Methods
3T3-L1 cells were exposed to 550 µM of fructose or standard media for four days, microRNAs levels were determined in extracellular vesicles of supernatants and cells by RT-qPCR. Wistar rats were exposed to either 20% fructose drink or tap water for eight weeks, microRNAs levels were determined in extracellular vesicles of plasma and adipose tissue by RT-qPCR.

Results
This study showed that fructose exposure increased the total number of extracellular vesicles released by 3T3-L1 cells (p = 0.0001). The levels of miR-143-5p were increased in extracellular vesicles of 3T3-L1 cells exposed to fructose (p = 0.0286), whereas miR-223-3p levels were reduced (p = 0.0286). Moreover, in plasma-derived extracellular vesicles, miR-143-5p was higher in fructose-fed rats (p = 0.001), whereas miR-223-3p (p = 0.022), miR-342-3p (p = 0.0011), miR-140-5p (p = 0.0129) and miR-146b-5p (p = 0.0245) were lower.

Conclusion
Fructose exposure modifies the levels of microRNAs in extracellular vesicles in vitro and in vivo. In particular, fructose exposure increases miR-143-5p, while decreases miR-223-3p and miR-342-3p.
Local-scale impact of wind energy farms on rare, endemic, and threatened plant species
Authors: Urziceanu Mihaela , Anastasiu Paulina , Rozylowicz Laurentiu , Sesan Tatiana Eugenia 
Published: May 2021

Background
Wind energy farms have become a popular solution to produce green energy worldwide. Their development within protected areas has increased dramatically in the past decade, and the effects on the rare, endemic and threatened plant species (i.e., protected plant species), essential for habitat conservation and management, are little known. Only a few studies directly quantify the impacts of wind energy farms on them. Our study analyzes the impact of wind energy farms on rare, endemic, and threatened plant species in steppic habitats and their recovery potential over a ten-year period on a wind energy farm within the Dealurile Agighiolului Natura 2000 site (Dobrogea Region, SE Romania).

Methods
We surveyed the rare, endemic, and threatened plant species within a radius of approximately 50 m around each of the 17 wind towers during the wind farm operational phase. We selected 34 plots to allow the investigation of two types of areas: (1) a disturbed area overlapping the technological platform, where the vegetation was removed before construction, and (2) an adjacent undisturbed area. To understand the effects of the wind energy farm on the rare, endemic, and threatened plant species diversity and the differences between the disturbed and undisturbed areas, we calculated under both conditions: (1) plant species richness; (2) sample-size-based rarefaction and extrapolation with Hill numbers parameterized by species richness; (3) non-metric multidimensional scaling of Jaccard dissimilarity index; (4) functional diversity; (5) beta-diversity (including replacement and nestedness of species).

Results
As a result of the disturbances caused by the wind energy farm’s development, we identified a sharp contrast between the diversity of rare, endemic, and threatened plants inhabiting disturbed and undisturbed areas near the wind towers. Our research showed that less than 40% of the total inventoried rare, endemic, and threatened species colonized the disturbed sites. Species turnover within undisturbed plots was higher than disturbed plots, implying that the plant community’s heterogeneity was high. However, a higher richness in rare, endemic, and threatened plant species was found in the plots around the wind towers in grasslands of primary type. Sample-size-based rarefaction and extrapolation with Hill numbers by observed species richness indicated an accurate estimation of species richness in disturbed habitats, demonstrating that recovery after wind energy farm construction was incomplete after ten years of low-intensity plant restoration and conservation activities. Thus, we consider that operating activities must be reconfigured to allow the complete recovery of the communities with rare, endemic, and threatened plant species.
Liver proteome alterations in psychologically distressed rats and a nootropic drug
Authors: González-Fernández Raquel , Grigoruţă Mariana , Chávez-Martínez Sarahi , Ruiz-May Eliel , Elizalde-Contreras José Miguel , Valero-Galván José , Martínez-Martínez Alejandro 
Published: May 2021

Background
Chronic psychological distress is considered today a pandemic due to the modern lifestyle and has been associated with various neurodegenerative, autoimmune, or systemic inflammation-related diseases. Stress is closely related to liver disease exacerbation through the high activity of the endocrine and autonomic nervous systems, and the connection between the development of these pathologies and the physiological effects induced by oxidative stress is not yet completely understood. The use of nootropics, as the cognitive enhancer and antioxidant piracetam, is attractive to repair the oxidative damage. A proteomic approach provides the possibility to obtain an in-depth comprehension of the affected cellular processes and the possible consequences for the body. Therefore, we considered to describe the effect of distress and piracetam on the liver proteome.

Methods
We used a murine model of psychological stress by predatory odor as a distress paradigm. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were distributed into four experimental groups (n = 6 − 7/group) and were exposed or not to the stressor for five days and treated or not with piracetam (600 mg/kg) for six days. We evaluated the liver proteome by one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (1D-SDS-PAGE) followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GeLC-MS/MS). Besides, we analyzed the activity of liver antioxidant enzymes, the biochemical parameters in plasma and rat behavior.

Results
Our results showed that distress altered a wide range of proteins involved in amino acids metabolism, glucose, and fatty acid mobilization and degradation on the way to produce energy, protein folding, trafficking and degradation, redox metabolism, and its implications in the development of the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Piracetam reverted the changes in metabolism caused by distress exposure, and, under physiological conditions, it increased catabolism rate directed towards energy production. These results confirm the possible relationship between chronic psychological stress and the progression of NAFLD, as well as we newly evidenced the controversial beneficial effects of piracetam. Finally, we propose new distress biomarkers in the liver as the protein DJ-1 (PARK7), glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX), peroxiredoxin-5 (PRDX5), glutaredoxin 5 (GLRX5), and thioredoxin reductase 1 (TXNDR1), and in plasma as biochemical parameters related to kidney function such as urea and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels.
Ablation of fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2) exacerbates hepatic triacylglycerol and cholesterol accumulation in polyunsaturated fatty acid‐depleted mice
Authors: Hayashi Yuri , Lee‐Okada Hyeon‐Cheol , Nakamura Eri , Tada Norihiro , Yokomizo Takehiko , Fujiwara Yoko , Ichi Ikuyo 
Published: May 2021

Deficiency of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) is known to induce hepatic steatosis. However, it is not clearly understood which type of PUFA is responsible for the worsening of steatosis. This study observed a marked accumulation of hepatic triacylglycerol and cholesterol in fatty acid desaturase 2 knockout (FADS2−/−) mice lacking both C18 and ≥ C20 PUFAs that were fed a PUFA‐depleted diet. Hepatic triacylglycerol accumulation was associated with enhanced sterol regulatory element‐binding protein (SREBP)‐1‐dependent lipogenesis and decreased triacylglycerol secretion into the plasma via very‐low‐density lipoprotein (VLDL). Furthermore, upregulation of cholesterol synthesis contributed to increased hepatic cholesterol content in FADS2−/− mice. These results suggest that ≥ C20 PUFAs synthesized by FADS2 are important in regulating hepatic triacylglycerol and cholesterol accumulation during PUFA deficiency.
Tourism informing conservation: The distribution of four dolphin species varies with calf presence and increases their vulnerability to vessel traffic in the four‐island region of Maui, Hawai‘i
Authors: Self Holly , Stack Stephanie H. , Currie Jens J. , Lusseau David 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

We need reliable information about the spatial and temporal distribution of mobile species to effectively manage anthropogenic impacts to which they are exposed. Yet, we often cannot sustain dedicated annual surveys and data obtained from platforms of opportunity offer an alternative avenue to understand where these species spend time.

Four odontocete species that occur in the four‐island region of Maui, Hawai'i, USA, are vulnerable to a range of human activities, but there is a lack of information regarding their distribution. We therefore do not know the extent of the risk these activities present for the conservation of these species (bottlenose dolphins, spinner dolphins, Pantropical spotted dolphins and false killer whales).

We used a cross‐validated maximum entropy (MaxEnt) occupancy model to estimate the distribution of these four species in an area extensively observed from platforms of opportunity (PoP). We then determined in a similar fashion whether the calves of those species were more likely to be observed in particular areas and whether distribution changed with season.

Maxent models relying on local environmental variables described dolphin observations well (AUC > 0.7). Their distribution differed for all species when calves were present, indicating that different environmental variables describe area use for schools with calves present.

The number of sighting events of all species varied significantly with season. Bottlenose dolphins and false killer whales were more prevalent in winter, while spotted and spinner dolphins were more prevalent in summer.

We show that an overlap in the distribution of dolphin schools with calves and vessel traffic in the region could result in collision and chronic stress risks. This suggests a need for specific regulations for mitigating anthropogenic influences, such as acoustic disturbance or chronic energetic disturbance from vessel traffic. This elevated risk associated with vessel traffic is likely of conservation concern in this region for the endangered population of false killer whales and for spinner dolphins.