bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First Report of the Larva of a Vulnerable Damselfly in Nigeria, With Some Ecological Notes: A Case for Umbrella Species Conservation Approach
Authors: Akindele Emmanuel O. , Adedapo Abiodun M. , Adu Babasola W. , Ogbogu Sylvester S. 
Published: October 2021

Background and Research Lack of information on the distribution of threatened aquatic species impedes their conservation, thus predisposing them to extinction risk before being reported. Hence, this study reports in Nigeria, for the first time, the occurrence and habitat specificity of the larva of Pentaphlebia stahli (Zygoptera: Pentaphlebiidae) a vulnerable damselfly. Methods Samples of P. stahli were collected in July and December 2020 from a rural stream situated at the Ekor Waterfalls in the Cross River State of Nigeria and very close to the Nigeria–Cameroon border. Some water quality parameters were also measured in each sampling period. Results A total of 27 larvae of P. stahli and 1 teneral adult emerging from its exuvia were recorded in the two sampling periods. The habitat was a forested stream characterized by rapids, falls, and dark rock substrata. Water flows at a fast rate of 1 m in 3 or 4 seconds, thus characterizing a rifle and headwater stream. Dissolved oxygen concentration was between 8.05 and 8.09 mg/L, while dissolved oxygen saturation was ∼98%. Biological oxygen demand was between 1.04 and 1.08 mg/L, while pH ranged from 7.28 and 7.56. Conclusion The stream could be described as having high ecological integrity as evidenced in its optimum range of values for the investigated water parameters and the presence of a threatened species. Implications for Conservation Based on habitat specificity, P. stahli is considered an umbrella species required for conserving other co-occurring species in the tropical stream and its riparian forest.
Morphometric evaluation of traumatic axonal injury and the correlation with post-traumatic cerebral atrophy and functional outcome
Authors: Bohyn Cedric , Vyvere Thijs Vande , Keyzer Frederik De , Sima Diana M , Demaerel Philippe 
Published: October 2021

Introduction Imaging plays a crucial role in the diagnosis, prognosis and follow-up of traumatic brain injury. Whereas computed tomography plays a pivotal role in the acute setting, magnetic resonance imaging is best suited to detect the true extent of traumatic brain injury, and more specifically diffuse axonal injury. Post-traumatic brain atrophy is a well-known complication of traumatic brain injury. Purpose This study investigated the correlation between diffuse axonal injury detected with fluid-attenuated inversion recovery and susceptibility-weighted imaging magnetic resonance imaging, post-traumatic brain atrophy and functional outcome (Glasgow outcome scale – extended). Materials and methods Twenty patients with a closed head injury and diffuse axonal injury detected with fluid-attenuated inversion recovery and susceptibility-weighted imaging were included. The total volumes of the diffuse axonal injury fluid-attenuated inversion recovery lesions were determined for each subject’s initial (<14 days) and follow-up magnetic resonance scan (average: day 303 ± 83 standard deviation). The different brain volumes were automatically quantified using a validated and both US Food and Drug Administration-cleared and CE-marked machine learning algorithm (icobrain). The number of susceptibility-weighted imaging lesions and functional outcome scores (Glasgow outcome scale – extended) were retrieved from the Collaborative European NeuroTrauma Effectiveness Research Traumatic Brain Injury dataset. Results The volumetric fluid-attenuated inversion recovery diffuse axonal injury lesion load showed a significant inverse correlation with functional outcome (Glasgow outcome scale – extended) ( r = −0.57; P = 0.0094) and white matter volume change ( r = −0.50; P = 0.027). In addition, white matter volume change correlated significantly with the Glasgow outcome scale – extended score ( P = 0.0072; r = 0.58). Moreover, there was a strong inverse correlation between longitudinal fluid-attenuated inversion recovery lesion volume change and whole brain volume change ( r = −0.63; P = 0.0028). No significant correlation existed between the number of diffuse axonal injury susceptibility-weighted imaging lesions, brain atrophy and functional outcome. Conclusions Volumetric analysis of diffuse axonal injury on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery imaging and automated brain atrophy calculation are potentially useful tools in the clinical management and follow-up of traumatic brain injury patients with diffuse axonal injury.
Quantitative proteomics reveals the effect of Yigu decoction (YGD) on protein expression in bone tissue
Authors: Zhang Ruikun , Yan Kun , Wu Yulun , Yao Xinmiao , Li Guijin , Ge Linpu , Chen Zhineng 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Osteoporosis (OP) is a systemic bone disease characterized by decreased bone mass, destruction of the bone tissue microstructure, increased bone brittleness and an increased risk of fracture. OP has a high incidence rate and long disease course and is associated with serious complications. Yigu decoction (YGD) is a compound prescription in traditional Chinese medicine that is used to treat OP. However, its mechanism in OP is not clear. This study used a tandem mass tag (TMT)quantitative proteomics method to explore the potential bone-protective mechanism of YGD in an osteoporotic rat model.

Materials and methods
A rat model of OP was established by ovariectomy. Eighteen 12-week-old specific-pathogen-free female Wistar rats weighing 220 ± 10 g were selected. The eighteen rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 6 in each group): the normal, model and YGD groups. The right femurs from each group were subjected to quantitative biological analysis. TMT quantitative proteomics was used to analyze the proteins extracted from the bone tissue of rats in the model and YGD groups, and the differentially expressed proteins after intervention with YGD were identified as biologically relevant proteins of interest. Functional annotation correlation analysis was also performed to explore the biological function and mechanism of YGD.

Result
Compared with the model group, the YGD group showed significant upregulation of 26 proteins (FC > 1.2, P < 0.05) and significant downregulation of 39 proteins (FC < 0.833, P < 0.05). Four important targets involved in OP and 5 important signaling pathways involved in bone metabolism were identified.

Conclusions
YGD can significantly increase the bone mineral density (BMD) of osteoporotic rats and may play a therapeutic role by regulating target proteins involved in multiple signaling pathways. Therefore, these results improve the understanding of the OP mechanism and provide an experimental basis for the clinical application of YGD in OP treatment.
SWATH-MS based quantitive proteomics reveal regulatory metabolism and networks of androdioecy breeding system in Osmanthus fragrans
Authors: Duan Yi-Fan , Zhang Cheng , Zhang Min , Ye Yu , Zhang Kai-Lu , Chen Mo-Xian , Chen Lin , Wang Xian-Rong , Zhu Fu-Yuan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
The fragrant flower plant Osmanthus fragrans has an extremely rare androdioecious breeding system displaying the occurrence of males and hermaphrodites in a single population, which occupies a crucial intermediate stage in the evolutionary transition between hermaphroditism and dioecy. However, the molecular mechanism of androdioecy plant is very limited and still largely unknown.

Results
Here, we used SWATH-MS-based quantitative approach to study the proteome changes between male and hermaphroditic O. fragrans pistils. A total of 428 proteins of diverse functions were determined to show significant abundance changes including 210 up-regulated and 218 down-regulated proteins in male compared to hermaphroditic pistils. Functional categorization revealed that the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) primarily distributed in the carbohydrate metabolism, secondary metabolism as well as signaling cascades. Further experimental analysis showed the substantial carbohydrates accumulation associated with promoted net photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency were observed in purplish red pedicel of hermaphroditic flower compared with green pedicel of male flower, implicating glucose metabolism serves as nutritional modulator for the differentiation of male and hermaphroditic flower. Meanwhile, the entire upregulation of secondary metabolism including flavonoids, isoprenoids and lignins seem to protect and maintain the male function in male flowers, well explaining important feature of androdioecy that aborted pistil of a male flower still has a male function. Furthermore, nine selected DEPs were validated via gene expression analysis, suggesting an extra layer of post-transcriptional regulation occurs during O. fragrans floral development.

Conclusion
Taken together, our findings represent the first SWATH-MS-based proteomic report in androdioecy plant O. fragrans, which reveal carbohydrate metabolism, secondary metabolism and post-transcriptional regulation contributing to the androdioecy breeding system and ultimately extend our understanding on genetic basis as well as the industrialization development of O. fragrans.
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and thrombotic microangiopathy after parvovirus B19 infection and renal transplantation: a case report
Authors: Steffen C. J. , Koch N. , Eckardt K. U. , Amann K. , Seelow E. , Schreiber A. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare and life-threatening disease characterized by hyperactivation of the immune system that causes hypercytokinemia and potentially multi organ failure. HLH can occur in patients with underlying rheumatic or autoinflammatory disorders. Additionally, HLH can develop in patients during infections or malignancies without a known genetic predisposition.

Case presentation
We herein report a patient, who presented with fever, both acute kidney and liver injury, anemia, thrombocytopenia and HSV stomatitis. HLH was diagnosed based on clinical criteria and qPCR revealed an acute parvovirus B19 infection as potential underlying infectious trigger. Treatment was started with both IVIG and dexamethasone. Subsequently, kidney biopsy demonstrated TMA.

Conclusions
In rare cases both HLH and aHUS can occur simultaneously in a patient as a consequence of viral infections. Insights from this unusual case might help physicians understand this complex symptom constellation.
Histologic differences between in situ and embolized carotid web thrombi: a case report
Authors: Gao Qun , Hu Shen , Yang Ximeng , Wang Junjie , Lu Jun , Wang Daming 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
The significance of carotid webs (CaWs) in ischemic stroke is becoming acknowledged. Histological features of clot composition in situ and secondary cerebrovascular embolized thrombi caused by CaW have not been described concurrently. Understanding clots’ histological composition is essential for understanding the pathophysiology of clot formation in CaW.

Case presentation
A 50-year-old male patient with acute ischemic stroke, which was believed to be caused by ipsilateral CaW, was admitted to the hospital. Mechanical thrombectomy was used to retrieve thromboemboli from the middle cerebral artery. One month thereafter, the patient underwent carotid endarterectomy, and in situ CaW thrombi were retrieved. Histological analysis by hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed that histopathologic embolized thrombi appeared as typical mixed thrombi, 46.03% fibrin/platelet ratio, 48.12% RBCs, and 5.85% white blood cells. In situ thrombi had a higher fibrin/platelet ratio (68.0%), fewer RBCs (17.2%), and 14.8% white blood cells.

Conclusion
The histopathology of large vessel occlusion stroke embolized thrombi by CaW is similar to that of other stroke etiologies. However, the clot composition of embolized thrombi significantly differs from that of in situ thrombi. CaW’s in situ thrombi showed predominantly fibrin, and embolized thrombi had equivalent contents of red blood cells and fibrin/platelets. Histopathological differences between in situ and embolized thrombi suggest new research directions for the etiology of embolization. Further studies are required to confirm these results.
When a vesicular placenta meets a live fetus: case report of twin pregnancy with a partial hydatidiform mole
Authors: Lin Minhuan , Chen Jinzhu , Liao Bing , He Zhiming , Lin Shaobin , Luo Yanmin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Hydatidiform moles exhibit a distinctive gross appearance of multiple vesicles in the placenta. The advances in cytogenetic technologies have helped uncover novel entities of hydatidiform moles and enabled elaborate diagnoses. However, management of a vesicular placenta with a coexistent live fetus poses a bigger challenge beyond hydatidiform moles.

Case presentation
A 33-year-old woman was referred to our department for suspected hydatidiform mole coexistent with a live fetus at 24 weeks’ gestation. The patient had conceived through double embryo transplantation, and first-trimester ultrasonography displayed a single sac. Mid-trimester imaging findings of normal placenta parenchyma admixed with multiple vesicles and a single amniotic cavity with a fetus led to suspicion of a singleton partial molar pregnancy. After confirmation of a normal diploid by amniocentesis and close surveillance, the patient delivered a healthy neonate. Preliminary microscopic examination of the placenta failed to clarify the diagnosis until fluorescence in situ hybridization showed a majority of XXY sex chromosomes. The patient developed suspected choriocarcinoma and achieved remission for 5 months after chemotherapy, but relapsed with suspected intermediate trophoblastic tumor.

Conclusion
We report a rare case of twin pregnancy comprising a partial mole and a normal fetus that resembled a singleton partial molar pregnancy. Individualized care is important in conditions where a vesicular placenta coexists with a fetus. We strongly recommend ancillary examinations in addition to traditional morphologic assessment in such cases.
Sociodemographic characteristics and disability pensions of frequent attenders in occupational health primary care – a follow-up study in Finland
Authors: Reho Tiia , Atkins Salla , Korhonen Mikko , Siukola Anna , Sumanen Markku , Viljamaa Mervi , Uitti Jukka , Sauni Riitta 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Work disability is a complex issue that requires preventive efforts from healthcare systems and individuals, and that too often results in disability pensions (DP). While many studies have attempted to characterize risk factors of work disability, many showing for example a link between socioeconomic positions, working conditions and frequent attendance to OH primary care it is not known if frequent attendance is associated with DP despite the sociodemographic factors. This study aims to address this gap and examine the association between frequent attendance to OH primary care and DP, when adjusted by sociodemographic factors.

Methods
This study combines routine medical record data of an occupational health service provider with comprehensive national registers. Medical record data were used to define groups of frequent attenders to OH primary care (FA) (1-year-FA, 2-year-FA, persistent-FA and non-FA) from 2014 to 2016. The sociodemographic factors (including i.e. educational level, occupational class, unemployment periods) were derived from Statistic Finland and DP decisions were derived from Finnish Centre for Pensions. Association of frequent attendance to OH primary care with DP decisions were analyzed and adjusted by sociodemographic factors.

Results
In total, 66,381 patients were included. Basic and intermediate education along with manual and lower non-manual work predicted frequent attendance to OH primary care. Unemployment in 2013 did not predict frequent attendance to OH primary care. Frequent attendance to OH primary care was associated with DP within next two years, even when adjusted for sociodemographic factors. The association of frequent attendance to OH primary care with DP grew stronger as high service use persisted over time.

Conclusions
Frequent attendance to OH primary care is associated with DP risk in the near future despite the underlying sociodemographic differences. Patients using OH primary care services extensively should be identified and rehabilitative needs and measures necessary to continue in the work force should be explored. Sociodemographic issues that co-exist should be explored and considered when planning interventions.
The impact of teenage pregnancy on school dropout in Brazil: a Bayesian network approach
Authors: Cruz Emerson , Cozman Fabio Gagliardi , Souza Wilson , Takiuti Albertina 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
As reported by the World Health Organization, adolescent pregnancy is a major public health concern given its impact on the life of mothers and their family members. In this study we investigated possible cause-effect relations between teenage pregnancy and school dropout, and other attributes that gravitate around them, using the Bayesian network approach.

Methods
We used a database prepared by the Adolescent House Project and invited experts in the areas of Health, Education and Social Assistance to answer a survey containing questions aimed at detecting possible causal relationships. To perform the statistical analysis and the numerical simulations we employed the language and formalism of Bayesian networks.

Results
The analysis indicated a strong cause-effect relation between teenage pregnancy and school dropout, bolstered by economic vulnerability. We were able to identify the profile of the female teenager who drops out from school: white girls older than 15 years who got pregnant at least once, are not working to generate an income, and who belong to the group where the family income is less than or equal to US$780 per month. Also we detected the “maternal impact factor", i.e., the effect caused by whether or not the mothers of the teenagers have experienced teenage pregnancy.

Conclusion
There are many factors that lead teenagers to drop out of school; we confirmed not only the commonsense notion that pregnancy of the teenager is a major factor but found that a history of teenage pregnancy on the part of the mother is a major factor. Moreover, Bayesian networks emerged as an interesting mathematical framework to perform the statistical analysis.
Innate lymphoid cells exhibited IL-17-expressing phenotype in active tuberculosis disease
Authors: Pan Linyue , Chen Xiaoli , Liu Xuanqi , Qiu Wenjia , Liu Yunhuan , Jiang Weiping , Zheng Yang , Mou Yan , Xu Wei , Li Xiangyang , Ge Haiyan , Zhu Huili 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), as an important group of innate immunity, could respond rapidly to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. In this research, we studied the phenotypic changes of circulatory ILCs in active tuberculosis (TB) disease.

Methods
We recruited 40 patients with active Mtb infection (TB group) and 41 healthy subjects (NC group), and collected their clinical information and peripheral blood. Circulating ILCs, ILC subsets, dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages, and the production of cytokines in ILCs were tested by flow cytometry (FCM). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect plasma IL-23.

Results
Compared with healthy control, total ILCs (0.73% vs. 0.42%, P = 0.0019), ILC1 (0.55% vs. 0.31%, P = 0.0024) and CD117+ ILC2 (0.02% vs. 0.01%, P = 0.0267) were upregulated in TB group. The total IL-17+ lymphocytes were elevated (3.83% vs. 1.76%, P = 0.0006) while the IL-22+ lymphocytes remained unchanged. Within ILC subsets, ILC3, CD117+ ILC2 and ILC1 in TB group all expressed increased IL-17 (15.15% vs. 4.55%, 19.01% vs. 4.57%, 8.79% vs. 3.87%, P < 0.0001) but similar IL-22 comparing with healthy control. TB group had more plasma IL-23 than NC group (7.551 vs. 5.564 pg/mL, P = 0.0557). Plasma IL-23 in TB group was positively correlated to IL-17+ ILC3 (r = 0.4435, P = 0.0141), IL-17+CD117+ ILC2 (r = 0.5385, P = 0.0021) and IL-17+ ILC1(r = 0.3719, P = 0.0430). TB group also had elevated DCs (9.35% vs. 6.49%, P < 0.0001) while macrophages remained unchanged. Within TB group, higher proportion of IL-17+ ILCs was related to severer inflammatory status and poorer clinical condition.

Conclusions
In active TB disease, circulatory ILCs were upregulated and exhibited IL-17-expressing phenotype. This may expand the understanding of immune reaction to Mtb infection.
What is the impact of scoliotic correction on postoperative shoulder imbalance in severe and rigid scoliosis
Authors: Yuan Shuo , Fan Ning , Hai Yong , Wu Qichao , Du Peng , Zang Lei 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Although recent studies have investigated the risk factors for PSI, few studies have focused on the impact of scoliotic correction on postoperative shoulder imbalance (PSI), especially in severe and rigid scoliosis (SRS). The purpose of the study was to study the effect of scoliotic correction on PSI in SRS.

Methods
The preoperative, postoperative, and minimum 2-year follow-up radiographs of 48 consecutive patients with SRS who underwent posterior spinal fusion surgery were evaluated. We regarded radiographic shoulder height (RSH) as a shoulder balance parameter and divided the patients into improved and aggravated groups of PSI from pre- to post-operation and from post-operation to last follow-up, respectively. In addition, patients were divided into nine groups based on the observed changes in PSI after surgery and at follow-up, and the correction rate ratios were calculated among the groups. Independent samples T test and Chi-squared test were performed between the improved and aggravated groups of PSI.

Results
After surgery, the proximal thoracic curve (PTC) flexibility (P = 0.040), correction rate of the main thoracic curve (MTC) (P = 0.010), and Cobb angle of the lumbar curve (LC) (P = 0.037) were significantly higher, while the ratio of the correction rate of the PTC to the MTC (P = 0.042) was smaller in the aggravated group. At follow-up, the improved group had significantly larger PTC flexibility (P = 0.006), larger ratio of the correction rate of PTC to MTC (P = 0.046), a larger ratio correction rate of PTC to LC (P = 0.027), and a smaller correction rate of LC (P = 0.030). The correction rate ratios of the groups after surgery were as follows: negative to negative (N-N) (1.08) > negative to balance (N-B) (0.96) > negative to positive (N-P) (0.67), B-N (1.26) > B-B (0.94) > B-P (0.89), and P-N (0.34) > P-P (0.83). The order of the correction rate ratio at follow-up was as follows: N-N (0.96) > N-B (0.51), B-B (0.97) > B-P (0.90), and P-B (0.87) > P-P (0.84).

Conclusion
Harmonizing the correction rate ratio of the PTC, MTC, and LC should be recommended for intraoperative correction and postoperative compensation of PSI. In addition, greater PTC flexibility plays an important role in the spontaneous correction and compensation of PSI in SRS.