bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corneal Ectasia as a Complication of Repeated Keratotomy Surgery
Authors: Wellish Kent L , Glasgow Ben J , Beltran Francisco , Maloney Robert K 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Staged keratotomy surgery, or "enhancement surgery," may allow a more predictable outcome, but also subjects the patient to additional surgical risks.
METHODS: A 39-year-old man underwent astigmatic keratotomy for myopic astigmatism, followed by 12 enhancement procedures for residual astigmatism.
RESULTS: These procedures effectively resulted in a double hexagonal keratotomy. The patient's best spectacle-corrected acuity deteriorated to counting fingers. Clinically, a conically-shaped protrusion of the central cornea, Munson's sign, diffuse subepithelial scarring, and central corneal thinning were noted. Penetrating keratoplasty was performed. Histopathologic examination showed central thinning, epithelial edema, disruption of Bowman's layer, marked stromal scarring, and focal areas of endothelial attenuation - findings consistent with keratoconus.
CONCLUSION: This case illustrates that multiple keratotomy procedures may result in corneal ectasia in apparently normal eyes and suggests that hexagonal keratotomy may be more likely to cause iatrogenic keratoconus. [J Refract Corneal Surg. 1994;10:360-364.]
Theoretical and Clinical Effect of Preoperative Corneal Curvature on Excimer Laser Photorefractive Keratectomy for Myopia
Authors: Blaker J Warren , Hersh Peter S 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Individual clinical and optical variables may influence the effect of excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy. A theoretical model to describe the influence of initial corneal power, astigmatism, and topography on the expected results of photorefractive keratectomy would be useful in identifying those variables that may ultimately improve the predictability of the procedure.
METHODS: Using a mathematical analysis based on the change in sagittal depth of the central ablation zone following photoablation, we predict the effect of initial corneal curvature on the ultimate outcome of a standardized photorefractive keratectomy. Refractive results from the Phase III US Food & Drug Administration clinical trials of photorefractive keratectomy were analyzed to confirm these mathematical predictions.
RESULTS: We find that the initial corneal power, theoretically, is not expected to significantly affect the refractive change that results from a given ablation. Similarly, the corneal astigmatism present before photorefractive keratectomy is expected to be only minimally altered by a spherical excimer laser treatment. Clinically, there is no detectable difference in predictability of the procedure amongst groups stratified by initial mean keratometric power.
CONCLUSIONS: Our analysis provides a methodology to predict the optical effects of photorefractive keratectomy upon the cornea and may be applied to a variety of hypothetical clinical settings. The predicted lack of clinical association between initial corneal curvature and predictability of photorefractive keratectomy is confirmed. [J Refract Corneal Surg. 1994;10:571-574.]
Comparative Change in Anterior Corneal Asphericity After FS-LASIK and SMILE
Authors: Ying Jinglu , Zhang Jun , Cai Jianqiu , Pan Fei 
Published: April 2021

PURPOSE:

To evaluate changes in anterior corneal asphericity (ΔQ) by calculating tangential radius (
r
t
) after femtosecond laser–assisted in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) and small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE).

METHODS:
Sirius corneal topography (Costruzione Strumenti Oftalmici) was used to evaluate 120 right eyes from patients with moderate and high myopia who had previously undergone FS-LASIK and SMILE. The preoperative and postoperative tangential radii obtained in reference to various semi-meridional regions and radii zones were compared. Variation in ΔQ values in semi-meridional regions across 360 degrees of the anterior surface after FS-LASIK and SMILE were compared.

RESULTS:
The tangential radii in the 1.2- and 1.8-mm radii zones were lower in patients who underwent SMILE compared to those who underwent FS-LASIK. The tangential radii in the 2.4- and 3-mm zones were higher in patients who underwent SMILE compared to those who underwent FS-LASIK. In both the moderate and high myopia groups, postoperative Q-values and ΔQ-values were lower in patients who had undergone SMILE than in patients who had undergone FS-LASIK. Postoperative Q-values and ΔQ-values were lower in the moderate myopia group than in the high myopia group for FS-LASIK and SMILE. The magnitude of variation in ΔQ as a function of semi-meridional region was lower in patients who had undergone SMILE than in patients who had undergone FS-LASIK.

CONCLUSIONS:
FS-LASIK and SMILE alter anterior corneal tangential radius and anterior corneal asphericity in patients with moderate or high myopia. SMILE is more effective than FS-LASIK in preserving normal anterior corneal asphericity.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2021;37(3):158–165.]
Surgical Treatment of Calcific Band Keratopathy
Authors: Bokosky John E , Meyer Roger F , Sugar Alan 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A surgical technique utilizing ethelenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and a Fisch drill with a diamond burr for removal of calcific band keratopathy is presented. Use of a diamond burr is an effective and simple method of removing resistant calcium deposits from the cornea without causing significant scarring.
Identical Twins With Subretinal Neovascularization Complicating Senile Macular Degeneration
Authors: Melrose Mark A , Magargal Larry E , Lucier Alfred C 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This is the first report, to our knowledge, of proliferative macular degeneration developing in the same eye of identical twins. The concept of a familial predisposition in age related macular degeneration is consistent with other known risk factors including race, iris pigmentation, hyperopia and macular drusen which are known to be genetically determined. Monozygotic twins provide ophthalmology with an excellent opportunity to study the hereditary aspects of ocular disease.
Reactive Membranes on Posterior Chamber Lens Implants
Authors: Wolter J Reimer , Sugar Alan , Meyer Roger F 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The cytopathology of two types of membranes on surgically removed posterior chamber lens implants is described on the background of the clinical histories. Both implants exhibit film-like proteinaceous capsules with numerous cells of macrophage origin in one case and virtually without cells in the other.
Results Following Surgical Management of Oculomotor Nerve Palsy With a Modified Knapp Procedure
Authors: Biglan Albert W , Walden Peter C 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Thirteen patients with oculomotor nerve palsy had their strabismus managed with a recess/resect procedure on the horizontal recti of the affected eye. A simultaneous graded suprap lacement of both horizontal recti in the affected eye was used to manage the hypotropia in 9 of 11 patients with unilateral palsies. If some medial rectus function exists, correction of III nerve palsy is best achieved with a recess/resect procedure with supraplacement of the horizontal recti, 1 mm for each 2 prism diopters of hypotropia in primary position. Eight of 13 patients required additional procedures. Four of 13 patients did achieve high levels of binocular function.
Visualization of the Probe Tip During Lacrimal Outflow System Probing and Intubation
Authors: Dryden Robert M , Popp Jeffrey C 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Probing of the lacrimal outflow system is commonly performed by ophthalmologists for treating nasolacrimal duct obstruction in infants or for intubating the lacrimal system. Visualization of the probe tip in the inferior meatus during probing insures the surgeon of reaching the nose with the probe. Similarly, visualization of the probe is the key to success in intubation irrespective of the retrieval system used. Rotation of a curved metal probe plus infracturing of the inferior turbinate after shrinking the nasal mucosa with cocaine allows such visualization in most instances.
Sight Saving Strategies for Developing Nations: Toward an Appropriate Philosophy of Blindness Treatment and Prevention for Ministries of Health, International Agencies and Mission Societies in Developing Nations
Authors: Heldt Jean-Paul A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Saving the sight of millions of blind people in Developing Nations requires the development of an appropriate philosophy of blindness treatment and prevention. Guidelines are presented in this paper, emphasizing the importance of training national workers, using appropriate ophthalmic technology and promoting international cooperation of governments, development agencies, and mission societies.
Eyelid Penetration of a Hard Contact Lens, Simulating a Neoplasm
Authors: Beyer-Machule Charles K , Shapiro Amiram 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A hard contact lens penetrated the right upper lid at the level of the aponeurosls of the levator palpebrai superior's muscle. Later tumor-like symptoms developed of a hard movable mass with blepharoptosis.
Lamellar Keratoplasty in the Management of Recurrent Pterygium
Authors: Laughrea Patricia Ann , Arentsen Juan J 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Our experience with excision and LK in ten cases of recurrent pterygia was reviewed. Although a recurrence occurred in three of ten cases, the new pterygia only partially involved the lamellar graft. Visual acuity improved in six cases. Lamellar keratoplasty following excision of recurrent pterygia seems to be a useful alternative in their treatment.
Atonic Pupil: An Unusual Complication of Cataract Surgery
Authors: Saiz Angel , Angulo Soledad , Fernandez Maximiliano 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Eight cases of atonic pupil, an unusual complication following cataract surgery, are presented. Six of the eyes involved had intracapsular cataract extraction and anterior chamber intraocular lens implantation; one case underwent extracapsular cataract extraction with a posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation; the other had an extracapsular procedure with no implant. The etiology is unknown, but we believe the most likely one is that the sodium hyaluronate used in all these patients caused a temporary reduction of the iris blood supply by mechanical factors or by avasoconstriction induced by some toxicity of the material that produced a lesion on the iris sphincter.
The Effect of Sodium Hyaluronate on the Outcome of Trabeculectomy
Authors: Raitta Christina , Vesti Eija 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The outcome of trabeculectomy with the use of sodium hyaluronate was investigated in 99 trabeculectomies and compared with the results achieved in an earlier series of trabeculectomies without the use of sodium hyaluronate. The use of sodium hyaluronate facilitated performance of the surgery and tended to reduce the severity of postoperative shallow anterior chamber and intraoperative bleeding. It remains to be shown whether it also may prevent lens opacity increase.
Comparison Between the Effect of Two Different Widths of Circular Lamellar Keratectomy on Refraction and Corneal Curvature in Rabbits' Eyes
Authors: Sabry Nabeel MD , Zeidan Abdel Kader , Gaber Sayed , Ghaly Sabry Abou 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Twenty rabbits' eyes were subjected to circular lamellar keratectomy. Two trephines were used to mark rings at a depth of 0.3 mm, and the lamellar cornea in between was removed. A 1-mm-wide ring was removed from the right eyes, and a 0.5-mm-wide ring from the left ones. We found that removing a 1-mm ring more effectively corrected hypermetropia (3.09 ± 1.72 diopters) than removing a 0.5-mm ring (1.81 ± 0.95 D).
Effects of Pulsed Nd:YAG Laser on the Surface of Rabbit Retina
Authors: Fleck Brian W , Chew Paul T K , Lim Arthur S M , Tock Edward P C 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Six albino rabbits were subjected to pulsed Nd:YAG laser irradiation to the retinal surface to determine whether such treatment would lead to proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Choroidal, retinal, and preretinal hemorrhages, noted at the time of treatment, resolved after 7 to 10 days. Histological examination showed no signs of anterior segment damage or proliferative vitreoretinopathy. These preliminary findings suggest that more extensive experimentation is warranted to determine if pulsed Nd:YAG laser may in fact safely be used to separate vitreoretinal adhesions in the treatment of retinal detachment.
The Partial Dissection Trabeculectomy
Authors: Smith Alan D , Hesse Richard J , Terry Andew P 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We retrospectively reviewed the results of the first 20 procedures of a modification of the penetrating trabeculectomy ab externo procedure in which an attempt is made to limit subconjunctival fibrosis at the filtering site. With a follow-up ranging from 2 to 29 months, the average intraocular pressure was reduced from 33 to 12 mm Hg.
Outpatient Dacryocystorhinostomy
Authors: Dresner Steven C , Klussman Kurt G , Meyer Dale R , Lindberg John V 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We report 105 dacryocystorhinostomy procedures in 87 patients performed on an outpatient basis. Seventy-six patients received local, and 29 received general, anesthesia. The patients left the hospital an average of 2.6 hours after surgery, but 14 were admitted after surgery-9 immediately, and 5 after some delay, primarily for epistaxis. There were no serious complications related to the outpatient nature of the surgery. The success rate was 94%. We conclude that outpatient dacryocystorhinostomy is successful, well accepted by patients, and safe, provided that inpatient care facilities are readily available should they be needed.
Eye-Tracking System for Computer-Assisted Photocoagulation
Authors: Yu Joseph Jy-Haw , Ho Ye-Tau , Ko Liang-Shi , Kao Ming-Chien 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
An eye-tracking system is described in which a computer interfaced with the driving circuit of the laser deflection mirror in the slit lamp is used to automatically lock a laser beam to specific targets during photocoagulation.
Anterior Capsule Adherence to Iris Leading to Pseudophakic Pupillary Block
Authors: Naveh N , Wysenbeek Y , Solomon A , Melamed S , Blumenthal M 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We present a rare case of anterior capsule adherence to the iris following extracapsular cataract extraction with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation and leading to Pseudophakie pupillary block. There were no synechiae at the pupillary margins associated with the capsule/iris adherence, but aqueous was entrapped behind the iris and intraocular pressure rose. Laser iridotomy was temporarily beneficial, but it had to be repeated several times.
Canaliculectomy in the Treatment of Keratitis Sicca
Authors: Putterman Allen M 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
In patients with keratitis sicca (exposure keratopathy) in whom treatment with topical tear solutions and ointments is not effective, closure of the lacrimal puncta is performed with insertion of plugs or by cautery, hyphercation, or laser. If punctal occlusion fails with these modalities, surgical excision of the canaliculi is recommended. Canaliculectomy successfully relieved ocular irritation and keratopathy in three patients with keratitis sicca, with no complications (follow-up, 10 to 26 months).
Early Intraocular Pressure Response to Laser Trabeculoplasty 180° Without Apraclonidine Versus 360° With Apraclonidine
Authors: Allf Bryan E , Shields M Bruce 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Early postoperative intraocular pressure elevation (IOP) is less common after 180-degree than after 360-degree argon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT). We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 38 patients treated with 360-degree ALT and perioperative 1% apraclonidine, and those of 39 patients treated with 180-degree ALT without apraclonidine, to determine whether apraclonidine offset the increased risk of transient pressure elevation following 360-degree treatment, as compared with that after 180-degree therapy. The average IOP change and the frequency of pressure elevations at 1 hour, 1 day, and 1 month postoperatively were similar in the two groups. With respect to early postoperative IOP elevation, 360degree ALT with perioperative apraclonidine appears to be as safe as 180-degree ALT without apraclonidine.
Apraclonidine 0.5% Versus 1% for Controlling Intraocular Pressure Elevation After Argon Laser Trabeculoplasty
Authors: Threlkeld Anisa B , Assalian Alfred A , Allingham R Rand , Shields M Bruce 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Topical apraclonidine hydrochloride 1% is effective for controlling the intraocular pressure (IOP) rise following argon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT). The 0.5% formulation has recently become available commercially. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of these two concentrations for controlling IOP after ALT.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: All patients undergoing ALT were prospectively randomized to receive either 1% or 0.5% apraclonidine 1 hour before and immediately after the laser surgery. IOP was measured before and 2 and 24 hours after the treatment.
* RESULTS: No statistically significant difference in mean IOPs was found between the two treatment groups at any time.
* CONCLUSION: These data suggest that 0.5% and 1% apraclonidine are equally effective for preventing IOP rise after ALT.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1996;27:657-660.]
Comparison of Fastpak With Full-Threshold 24-2 Glaucoma Field Tests
Authors: Gillies Bill , Rivers Marion , Brooks Anne M V 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The authors noted an underestimation of the mean deviation for field testing using the Fastpak (Humphrey Instruments, San Leandro, CA) strategy, and set out to define the extent of this difference.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sixty-seven eyes of 35 glaucomatous patients were examined. Patients received full-threshold 24-2 tests before and after the Fastpak strategy was used, each test on a different day. For some patients, another full-threshold test was performed using a different birth date in order to obtain a result uninfluenced by prior data.
* RESULTS: The mean deviation (MD) was significantly underestimated by Fastpak compared with the full-threshold tests. The time taken for Fastpak was almost identical to that taken for full-threshold tests. Short-term fluctuation (SF) appeared to have very little reliability statistically, and, consistent with this, there was a greater concordance among pattern standard deviation (PSD) data than among corrected pattern standard deviation (CPSD) data.
* CONCLUSION: Fastpak was an effective method for charting the visual field, but did so with greater variation than full-threshold tests. It significantly underestimated the MD, and this was not a fatigue effect. Fastpak was no faster than full-threshold testing in advanced glaucoma. CPSD was a less consistent reading than PSD in these glaucomatous patients.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1996;27:758-762.]
Effect of Scleral Buckling on Unsutured Cataract Wound Strength
Authors: Wyszynski Richard E , Khosrof Samer , Shands Philip , Kalski Richard S , Bruner William E 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Modern cataract surgery has evolved to include small, unsutured wounds with rapid visual rehabilitation and fewer complications. Properly constructed, these unsutured wounds can withstand increased intraocular pressures without leakage, rupture, or incarceration of intraocular contents. However, scleral buckling surgery may alter the architecture of these wounds and thus their strength. The authors wanted to study the effect of scleral buckling on the integrity of these unsutured cataract wounds.
* MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighteen fresh human globes underwent creation of scleral and limbal corneal incisions so as to create self-sealing wounds. Scleral buckles were then placed. Intraocular pressures were elevated to 400 mm Hg before and after placement of the scleral buckles and evidence for wound leakage was sought.
* RESULTS: Two globes with clear corneal incisions and no scleral buckles leaked slighdy at 300 mm Hg, but no globe with a scleral buckle, regardless of incision type or silicone element style, leaked at pressures to 400 mm Hg.
* CONCLUSION: Sutureless cataract incisions, if properly constructed, provide a strong, pressure-resistant wound. Scleral buckling does not appear to affect the strength of these wounds.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1996;27:787-789.]
BATF Regulates T Regulatory Cell Functional Specification and Fitness of Triglyceride Metabolism in Restraining Allergic Responses
Authors: Xu Chengxian , Fu Yongyao , Liu Sheng , Trittipo Jack , Lu Xiaoyu , Qi Rong , Du Hong , Yan Cong , Zhang Chi , Wan Jun , Kaplan Mark H. , Yang Kai 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Preserving appropriate function and metabolism in regulatory T (Treg) cells is crucial for controlling immune tolerance and inflammatory responses. Yet how Treg cells coordinate cellular metabolic programs to support their functional specification remains elusive. In this study, we report that BATF couples the TH2-suppressive function and triglyceride (TG) metabolism in Treg cells for controlling allergic airway inflammation and IgE responses. Mice with Treg-specific ablation of BATF developed an inflammatory disorder characterized by TH2-type dominant responses and were predisposed to house dust mite–induced airway inflammation. Loss of BATF enabled Treg cells to acquire TH2 cell–like characteristics. Moreover, BATF-deficient Treg cells displayed elevated levels of cellular TGs, and repressing or elevating TGs, respectively, restored or exacerbated their defects. Mechanistically, TCR/CD28 costimulation enhanced expression and function of BATF, which sustained IRF4 activity to preserve Treg cell functionality. Thus, our studies reveal that BATF links Treg cell functional specification and fitness of cellular TGs to control allergic responses, and suggest that therapeutic targeting of TG metabolism could be used for the treatment of allergic disease.
A retrospective review of specialist referrals for refugees into Greece’s health system: A humanitarian organization’s perspective
Authors: Yarwood Vanessa , Gunst Meghan , Chen Christine Yen-Ting , Jarman Kate , Rokadiya Sakib , Isreb Majd , Abbara Aula 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Aim: Refugee arrivals to Europe have numbered more than one million since 2015 with the majority arriving through Greece. The healthcare needs of refugees have placed strains on Greece’s healthcare system which has already been affected by its ongoing economic crisis. At the peak of arrivals during 2016, primary healthcare was primarily provided by humanitarian organizations with specialist referrals into the Greek healthcare system. There is little published literature on the type and impacts of specialist referrals for refugees in Greece. The aim of this retrospective review is to identify the type and impacts of specialist referrals for refugees into Greece’s health system. Methods: This retrospective study reviewed the number and type of specialty referrals from one humanitarian organization providing primary healthcare for refugees in Greece. All consultations during an 8-month period (December 1, 2016–July 31, 2017) were reviewed. Results: Of 4168 consultations, 42% were patients aged 17 years or younger, 52% were male, and 90% were Syrian. Two hundred and thirty-three patients (11%) required a specialist referral; 25% were for dental (provided by another humanitarian organization), 10% each for obstetrics and gynecology and pediatrics, and 8% for ophthalmology. Respiratory complaints were most frequently seen, and these were more predominant in the winter months. Pediatric consultations varied according to month, likely due to population movements. Conclusion: Dentistry was noted to be a gap in humanitarian response programming and accounted for the greatest need for specialist input with referrals for women and children accounting for a large proportion of referrals.