bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CagA+Helicobacter pylori infection and N‐nitrosodimethylamine administration induce cholangiocarcinoma development in hamsters
Authors: Dangtakot Rungtiwa , Intuyod Kitti , Chamgramol Yaovalux , Pairojkul Chawalit , Pinlaor Somchai , Jantawong Chanakan , Pongking Thatsanapong , Haonon Ornuma , Ma Ning , Pinlaor Porntip 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundHelicobacter pylori (HP) has been detected in the hepatobiliary tract of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) patients in regions both endemic and non‐endemic for Opisthorchis viverrini (OV) infection. However, whether H. pylori infection promotes CCA development remains unknown. We investigated CCA development in hamsters induced by a combination of infection with H. pylori and administration of N‐nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and compared findings with those in an OV plus NDMA group.Materials and MethodsEighty‐five hamsters were divided into four groups: (1) normal, (2) administered NDMA, (3) infected with cagA+ H. pylori and administered NDMA (HN group), and (4) infected with OV and administered NDMA (ON group). Animals were euthanized at 3 and 6 months post‐infection. Histopathological changes of liver and the expression of markers associated with carcinogenesis were studied.ResultsAt 3 months post‐infection (p.i.), cholangitis and lymphoid follicles without tumor appearance were noted in the HN group, whereas extensive fibrosis was seen in members of the ON group, 10% of which had developed tumors. At 6 months p.i., 10% of hamsters administered NDMA alone had developed CCA, whereas in the HN and ON groups, 20% and 60% of hamsters, respectively, had developed CCA. Cytokeratin‐19 (CK19) expression was observed in the CCA tissues of both the HN and the ON groups, confirming the bile duct origin of the CCA cells. CCA development in the HN group might be inflammation‐mediated, as suggested by overexpression of HMGB1, PCNA, IL‐8, and 8‐OxodG in CCA tissues.ConclusioncagA+ H. pylori infection and carcinogen intake can induce CCA development with slow progression.
Investigating the effect of an education programme on diabetes and lipid lowering medication usage following coronary artery bypass graft surgery
Authors: Hitchen Sarah A. , Lan Nick S. R. , Ali Umar S. , Hort Adam L. , Larbalestier Robert , Yeap Bu B. , Fegan P. Gerry 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundGuidelines advocate multifactorial cardiovascular risk management in patients with diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.AimIn hospitalised patients with diabetes following coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), we aimed to evaluate the impacts of decision‐support algorithms for optimising glycaemia and lipid‐lowering. We also assessed the safety of initiating sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors near time of hospital discharge.MethodsThis was a single‐site, pre‐ and post‐intervention analysis of glucose and lipid management in consecutive hospitalised patients with diabetes undergoing CABG surgery. The intervention involved education and decision‐support algorithms designed by a multidisciplinary committee to guide cardiac surgery unit clinicians.ResultsA total of 200 patients were included in the study. The pre‐ and post‐intervention groups had similar baseline characteristics (HbA1c 7.9 ± 1.9% vs 8.1 ± 1.8%). Of 4092 blood glucose measurements, the incidence of levels between 5 and 10 mmol/L was not different post‐intervention (55.5% vs 57.0%; P = 0.441). Fewer endocrinology consultations occurred (59.0% vs 45.0%; P = 0.048) and rates of hypoglycaemia remained low. High‐intensity statin was prescribed in >90% pre‐ and post‐intervention, although non‐statin lipid‐lowering agents remained <10% despite patients not achieving LDL‐C targets. No 30‐day readmissions for diabetic ketoacidosis occurred in patients prescribed SGLT2 inhibitors.ConclusionThe intervention did not improve inpatient glycaemia or increase non‐statin lipid‐lowering prescriptions in patients with diabetes following CABG surgery but did reduce reliance on specialty input. Initiation of SGLT2 inhibitor therapy near time of hospital discharge was not associated with safety concerns. Alternative interventions or strategies are required to optimise glycaemia and non‐statin lipid‐lowering therapy prescribing in this setting.
Hidden lives and deaths: the last months of life of people with intellectual disabilities living in long‐term, generic care settings in the UK
Authors: Todd Stuart , Bernal Jane , Worth Rhian , Shearn Julia , Brearley Sarah , McCarron Mary , Hunt Katherine 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRationaleThis paper concerns mortality and needs for end‐of‐life care in a population of adults with ID living in generic care homes.MethodsVarious sampling strategies were used to identify a difficult to find a population of people with ID in generic care homes. Demographic and health data were obtained for 132 people with ID. This included the Surprise Question. At T2, 12 months later, data were obtained on the survival of this sample.FindingsThe average age was 68.6 years, and the majority were women (55.3%). Their health was typically rated as good or better. Responses to the Surprise Question indicated that 23.3% respondents might need EoLC. At T2, 18.0% of this population had died. The average of death was 72.2 years. The majority died within the care setting (62.9%).ImplicationsThe implications for end‐of‐life care and mortality research are discussed.
Comprehensive strategy improves the genetic diagnosis of different polycystic kidney diseases
Authors: Hu Hua‐Ying , Zhang Jing , Qiu Wei , Liang Chao , Li Cun‐Xi , Wei Tian‐Ying , Feng Zhan‐Ke , Guo Qing , Yang Kai , Liu Zu‐Guo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPolycystic kidney disease (PKD) is known to occur in three main forms, namely autosomal dominant PKD (ADPKD), autosomal recessive PKD (ARPKD) and syndromic PKD (SPKD), based on the clinical manifestations and genetic causes, which are diagnosable from the embryo stage to the later stages of life. Selection of the genetic test for the individuals with diagnostic imaging reports of cystic kidneys without a family history of the disease continues to be a challenge in clinical practice. With the objective of maintaining a limit on the time and medical cost of the procedure, a practical strategy for genotyping and targeted validation to resolve cystogene variations was developed in our clinical laboratory, which combined the techniques of whole‐exome sequencing (WES), Long‐range PCR (LR‐PCR), Sanger sequencing and multiplex ligation–dependent probe amplification (MLPA) to work in a stepwise approach. In this context, twenty‐six families with renal polycystic disorders were enrolled in the present study. Thirty‐two variants involving four ciliary genes (PKD1, PKHD1, TMEM67 and TMEM107) were identified and verified in 23 families (88.5%, 23/26), which expanded the variant spectrum by 16 novel variants. Pathogenic variations in five foetuses of six families diagnosed with PKD were identified using prenatal ultrasound imaging. Constitutional biallelic and digenic variations constituted the pathogenic patterns in these foetuses. The preliminary clinical data highlighted that the WES + LR PCR‐based workflow followed in the present study is efficient in detecting divergent variations in PKD. The biallelic and digenic mutations were revealed as the main pathogenic patterns in the foetuses with PKD.
Islet microangiopathy and augmented β‐cell loss in Japanese non‐obese type 2 diabetes patients who died of acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Takahashi Kazuhisa , Mizukami Hiroki , Osonoi Sho , Takeuchi Yuki , Kudoh Kazuhiro , Sasaki Takanori , Daimon Makoto , Yagihashi Soroku 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAims/IntroductionIslets have microvessels that might develop pathological alterations similar to microangiopathy in type 2 diabetes patients. It remains unclear, however, whether the changes correlate with endocrine cell deficits or whether the presence of macroangiopathy influences the islet microvasculature in Japanese type 2 diabetes patients. In this study, we characterized changes of the islet microvessels and endocrine cells in Japanese non‐obese patients with type 2 diabetes who died of acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Materials and MethodsClinical profiles and islet pathology were examined for 35 diabetes patients who died of AMI (DM + AMI) and 13 diabetes patients who were free from AMI (DM). A total of 13 age‐matched, individuals without diabetes who died of AMI and 16 individuals without diabetes who were free from AMI were also studied. Pancreata were subjected to morphometric evaluation of islets, including microvascular alterations of immunostained sections.ResultsBody mass index in DM + AMI was comparable to those in DM. Compared with DM, DM + AMI showed greater glycated hemoglobin levels, higher prevalence of renal failure, hypertension, smaller β‐cell volume density and greater amyloid area. DM + AMI showed an increased microvascular area and density compared with other groups. There was a significant increase in vascular basement membrane thickness and loss of pericytes in DM and DM + AMI compared with individuals without diabetes in each group, and the extent of thickening was correlated with the amyloid area and occurrence of β‐cell loss in DM + AMI.ConclusionsIslet microangiopathy was associated with augmented β‐cell loss and amyloid deposition in non‐obese Japanese type 2 diabetes patients who died of AMI.
Effect of homogenizing pressure on the properties of soy protein isolate‐vitamin D3 nanoemulsion
Authors: Zhang Anqi , Wang Xibo , Zhao Xin‐huai 
Published: May 2021

AbstractVitamin D3 (VD3) plays an important role in maintaining the normal growth and development of the body, but VD3 is insoluble in water and has poor stability. It is easily damaged and lost during food processing, storage, and transportation. Soy protein isolate (SPI) is a natural encapsulation vehicle for hydrophobic VD3. This article focus on the effect of different homogenizing pressures on loading of VD3 in SPI emulsion system. The results of encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity show that when the SPI‐VD3 emulsion is subjected to a homogenizing pressure of 120 MPa, the maximum encapsulation efficiency is 87.63%. As the homogenization pressure increases, the particle size distribution becomes more uniform, and the average particle size became smaller and smaller. The Fourier infrared results showed that the secondary structure of the emulsion had changed after high‐pressure homogenization. The light stability and storage stability had been significantly improved when the SPI‐VD3 emulsion homogenization pressure was 120 MPa. The optical microscope showed that when the homogenization pressure was 120 MPa, the particles of the emulsion were more uniform. These results indicated that SPI could be used as a biomaterial for embedding VD3 in the food industry.Practical applicationIn this article, SPI and VD3 were used as raw materials to form a nanoemulsion under high‐pressure homogenization conditions. The light stability and storage stability of SPI‐VD3 nanoemulsion with different homogenization pressures were explored. Since VD3 has many benefits to the human body, SPI loaded with VD3 in the form of nanoemulsion can be used in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. This article hopes to provide a basis for better adding VD3 in the food industry.
Use of M2BPGi in HCC patients with TACE
Authors: Tak Kwon Yong , Jang Bohyun , Lee Soon Kyu , Nam Hee Chul , Sung Pil Soo , Bae Si Hyun , Choi Jong Young , Yoon Seung Kew , Jang Jeong Won 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground and AimSerum Mac‐2‐binding protein glycosylation isomer (M2BPGi) has been studied as a marker for liver fibrosis or cirrhosis. This study explores the potential role of M2BPGi in predicting clinical outcomes of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE).MethodsA total of 226 HCC patients undergoing TACE were enrolled. Serum M2BPGi was measured at baseline. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to determine the cut‐off value (= 2.82) of M2BPGi for prediction of patient outcomes. The prognostic performance of M2BPGi was compared with the hepatoma arterial embolization prognostic (HAP) score. The primary outcome was progression‐free survival (PFS). Secondary outcomes included overall survival (OS), radiologic response, and recurrence after complete response (CR).ResultsMedian PFS was 14.5 months. Patients with low M2BPGi levels had significantly better OS and PFS than those with high M2BPGi levels. M2BPGi was an independent variable for PFS and OS. Patients were classified into three groups by combination of M2BPGi and the HAP score. The low‐risk group had significantly better PFS and OS than the high‐risk and intermediate‐risk groups, whereas the differences between the high‐risk and intermediate‐risk groups were insignificant. The combination showed higher area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for 3‐year PFS and OS than the HAP score alone. M2BPGi was a significant predictor of HCC recurrence after achieving CR.ConclusionsSerum M2BPGi level is a useful prognostic indicator of PFS and OS in TACE‐treated HCC patients, as well as recurrent cases, which cannot be predicted with the HAP score. The combination of M2BPGi and the HAP score enhances the detection of TACE‐preferred patients.
Association between obesity and the risk of gastric cancer in premenopausal and postmenopausal women: A nationwide cohort study
Authors: Choi In Young , Choi Yoon Jin , Shin Dong Wook , Han Kyung Do , Jeon Keun Hye , Jeong Su‐Min , Yoo Jung Eun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground and AimObesity was suggested to increase the incidence of gastric cancer (GC) in women, but results from previous studies were inconsistent. We investigated the relationship between obesity and the risk of GC according to menopausal status.MethodsWe enrolled 1 418 180 premenopausal and 4 854 187 postmenopausal women aged ≥ 40 years using the Korean National Health Insurance System Cohort (2009–2014). We calculated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for GC incidence according to body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) using the Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsDuring the mean follow‐up period of 7.2 years, 42 441 women were newly diagnosed with GC. Compared with the group with BMI 18.5–22.9 kg/m2, the adjusted HRs (95% CIs) for GC in the groups with BMI < 18.5, 23–24.9, 25–29.9, and ≥ 30 kg/m2 were 1.12 (0.95–1.33), 0.96 (0.89–1.04), 1.02 (0.94–1.11), and 0.99 (0.83–1.18), respectively, for premenopausal women and 1.07 (1.00–1.14), 1.01 (0.99–1.04), 1.03 (1.00–1.05), and 1.11 (1.10–1.16), respectively, for postmenopausal women. Compared with the group with WC 65–74.9 cm, the adjusted HRs (95% CIs) for GC for the groups with WC < 65, 75–84.9, 85–94.9, and ≥ 90 cm were 1.00 (0.88–1.15), 1.03 (0.96–1.11), 1.10 (0.99–1.22), and 1.02 (0.81–1.27), respectively, for premenopausal women and 1.01 (0.94–1.09), 1.01 (0.99–1.04), 1.09 (1.06–1.13), and 1.14 (1.09–1.19), respectively, for postmenopausal women.ConclusionsWe found a positive association between the highest BMI and WC category and risk of GC in postmenopausal women; however, such an association was not evident in premenopausal women.
Temporomandibular disorders and dietary changes: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Edwards David C. , Bowes Charlotte C. , Penlington Chris , Durham Justin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundAdvice about a ‘soft diet’ may be useful in the short‐term alleviation of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) but may contradict the long‐term aims of multi‐dimensional approaches if a poor nutritional state is caused or exacerbated. The changes patients with TMD make to their diet, because of their condition or its management, have not previously been explored.ObjectivesTo explore the relationship and trends between TMD, TMD interventions and diet using self‐report measures.MethodsRegistrants of the Temporomandibular Joint Association (TMJA) were invited to participate. After completing a screening questionnaire to check for eligibility, participants completed a questionnaire exploring demographics, TMD interventions and dietary habits, as well as jaw functional limitation scale (JFLS) score, graded chronic pain scale score, self‐assessed limitation of opening and patient health questionnaire 4 (PHQ‐4). This was followed by a validated 3‐day electronic diet diary. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to explore the data for trends and differences in the dietary intake of those participating according to various strata including demographic variables; experience of surgery; other interventions for TMD; duration of TMD; and limitation of mouth opening.ResultsEighty‐five registrants of the TMJA completed the questionnaire, of which 42 (49%) completed the 3‐day diet diary. Most participants (66/85 [77.6%]) reported modifying their diet due to their TMD. The most common modification was to cut food into smaller pieces (61/85 [71.8%]) followed by boiling until soft (36/85 [42.4%]) and mashing (34/85 [40%]). Higher JFLS scores were associated with participants reduced enjoyment of food (t(83) = 2.78, p = .007), limitations in the foods they can eat (t(83) = 2.99, p = .004), necessity for modified food preparation (t(83) = 3.38, p = .001) and self‐reported weight change (F(2, 82) = 9.31, p = .0002).ConclusionThis study suggests a significant proportion of patients with TMD make alterations to their diet which may impact the nutritional value of their diet. However, self‐reported symptoms and interventions for TMD made little difference to nutritional intake as measured by a 3‐day diary. Patients reporting self‐assessed limited opening had more pain as measured by validated tools, suggesting patients’ self‐reporting of opening is a useful proxy for clinical measurement in monitoring TMD.
Teachers and School Health Leaders' Perspectives on Distance Learning Physical Education During the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Vilchez Jocelyn A. , Kruse John , Puffer Maryjane , Dudovitz Rebecca N. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDDue to the COVID‐19 pandemic, students and teachers have transitioned to online learning. The transition required changes in teaching practices to accommodate for an online learning environment. However, there are no studies characterizing physical educators' and school health experts' perspectives on physical education via distance learning or identifying best practices and their implications for student health.METHODSUsing purposive and snowball sampling, we conducted semi‐structured interviews with 19 physical education teachers and school health experts across 21 California school districts on best practices for physical education via distance learning. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using a grounded theory approach.RESULTSFour major themes emerged: (1) participants felt high quality physical education via distance learning was both critical and possible; (2) strategies for creating a successful distance learning environment included personalization, creativity, and inclusiveness; (3) resources necessary for success included professional development, administrative support, and equipment; and (4) lessons for the long‐term.CONCLUSIONSParticipants identified effective strategies, challenges, and recommendations for the future. Participants felt optimistic about their ability to provide quality physical education via distance learning, given the necessary supports, and perceived that they played a critical role in supporting student health during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Public kindergarten, maternal labor supply, and earnings in the longer run: Too little too late?
Authors: Soldani Emilia 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBy facilitating early re‐entry to the labor market after childbirth, public kindergarten might positively affect maternal human capital and labor market outcomes: Are such effects long‐lasting? Can we rely on between‐individuals differences in quarter of birth to identify them? I isolate the effects of interest from spurious associations through difference‐in‐difference, exploiting across‐states and over‐time variation in public kindergarten eligibility regulations in the United States. The estimates suggest a very limited impact in the first year, and no longer‐run impacts. Even in states where it does not affect kindergarten eligibility, quarter of birth is strongly and significantly correlated with maternal outcomes.
Identifying the biomarkers and pathways associated with hepatocellular carcinoma based on an integrated analysis approach
Authors: Yang Yichen , Ma Yuequn , Yuan Meng , Peng Yonglin , Fang Zhonghai , Wang Ju 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common causes of cancer‐related death worldwide. The molecular mechanism underlying HCC is still unclear. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis to explore the genes, pathways and their interactions involved in HCC.MethodsWe analysed the gene expression datasets corresponding to 488 samples from 10 studies on HCC and identified the genes differentially expressed in HCC samples. Then, the genes were compared against Phenolyzer and GeneCards to screen those potentially associated with HCC. The features of the selected genes were explored by mapping them onto the human protein–protein interaction network, and a subnetwork related to HCC was constructed. Hub genes in this HCC specific subnetwork were identified, and their relevance with HCC was investigated by survival analysis.ResultsWe identified 444 differentially expressed genes (177 upregulated and 267 downregulated) related to HCC. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that pathways like p53 signalling and chemical carcinogenesis were eriched in HCC genes. In the subnetwork related to HCC, five disease modules were detected. Further analysis identified six hub genes from the HCC specific subnetwork. Survival analysis showed that the expression levels of these genes were negatively correlated with survival rate of HCC patients.ConclusionsBased on a systems biology framework, we identified the genes, pathways, as well as the disease specific network related to HCC. We also found novel biomarkers whose expression patterns were correlated with progression of HCC, and they could be candidates for further investigation.
Two rice MYB transcription factors maintain male fertility in response to photoperiod by modulating sugar partitioning
Authors: Wang Duoxiang , Li Jingbin , Sun Linlin , Hu Yangyang , Yu Jing , Wang Canhua , Zhang Fengli , Hou Haili , Liang Wanqi , Zhang Dabing 
Published: May 2021

Summary

Photoperiod‐dependent male fertility is a critical enabler of modern hybrid breeding. A MYB transcription factor, CSA, is a key regulator of sugar partitioning in rice anthers, disruption of which causes photoperiod‐sensitive male sterility. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms governing plant fertility in response to photoperiod.

Here, we have obtained another rice photoperiod‐sensitive male sterile mutant, csa2, which exhibits semi‐sterility under long‐day (LD) conditions, with normal fertility under short‐day (SD) conditions. CSA2 specifically expressed in anthers, and here is shown to be indispensable for sugar partitioning to anthers under LD conditions.

The CSA2 protein can restore the fertility of csa mutants under SD conditions when expressed in a CSA‐specific pattern, indicating that the two proteins share common downstream regulatory targets. Transcriptomic analyses also reveal discrete regulatory targets in anthers. Furthermore, the regulatory role of CSA2 in sugar transport was influenced by the photoperiod conditions during floral initiation, not simply during anther development.

Collectively, we propose that rice evolved at least two MYB proteins, CSA2 and CSA, that regulate sugar transport in anthers under LD and SD conditions, respectively. This finding provides insight into the molecular mechanisms that regulate male fertility in response to photoperiod.