bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
براہوئی خلقی شاعری ٹی ثقافت نادُروشُم
Authors: Sagher Ahmed  , Dr.Hameed Shahwani  
Published: December 2021

This study is focused on cultural glimpses in Brahui folk poetry, the major aim of this article is to overview the culture especially in the context of Brahui folk poetry which includes social and cultural change, norms, values, customs, taboos, rituals, material and non-material culture, the religious norms and values. before the industrial society the major number of societies were nomadic and the livestock is the major source of livelihood in today's life also which causes the people to migrate from one place to another place for the purpose of food and shelter, and to find enough food for their livestock so same is the case with the Brahui speaking people because of climate change they had to migrate from cold areas to hot areas especially towards Sibi, Kachi and Sindh province which can be seen in the Brahui folk poetry, further the Brahui folk poetry is well known to transfer the oral history with the help of their poetry as there are enough evidence of their bravery and battles with different invaders, also they have praised their national heroes and even there can be seen encouragement for their youth and rivalry in the different times, the Brahui folk poetry has rich information about their daily lives and routines, from birth to death they have used different type of poetries to show their happiness and sorrows, even they have mentioned the intensity of cold and hot weather in the Brahui folk poetry.
براہوئی مقالہ نگاری اسہ جاچ اس
Authors: Dr. Abida Baloch  , Mehbob Shah  
Published: December 2021

An essay is a short academic composition. The word “essay” is derived from a French word “essai” or “essayer,” which mean “trail.” In composition, however, an essay is a piece of non-fiction writing that talks or discusses a specific topic. Presently, essay is part of every degree program. An essay is a specific discussion or debate on a topic from a specific point of view. Everyone discusses the topic from his own specific angle. Readers not only get a glimpse of what the other aspect of the topic is, they also come to know about the tone and voice of the writers to decide whether he has achieved a certain level of capability in writing. in this paper Brahui essay writing and its evaluation has been discussed in brief.
براہوئی رسم الخط نا چارمرحلہ
Authors: Abdul Raziq Ababaki  , Sani Dr.Liaquat Ali 
Published: December 2021

This research paper discusses the four stages of Brahui script. Even though, the literary work in Brahuii language has been started since 1292 ? when “Khidmat e Deen’’ was published. But it is interesting to note here that instead of this huge historical gap, Brahui orthography has not been standardized. The influence powerful and regional languages have always influenced the writing style of Brahui Script. Till the end of Durkhani school of thought, influx of Arabic Alphabets brought the Arabic script for Brahui. Roman, Persian and new Roman was introduced for Brahui script in subsequent period. The main objective of this research paper is to show and identify the orthographical dilemma in Brahui and It further shows the analyses of deferent borrowing scripts and their phases. Two or three samples of each phase have been taken out for conducting this research. Finally, this paper ends with the result and conclusion that adoption of others scripts can create writing problem in future as well.
مہر گڑھ :تاریخ وکِڑد، اسہ گونڈ وجاچ اس
Authors: Muhammad Iqbal  , Dr. Mumtaz Ali Baloch  
Published: December 2021

Mehrgarh is one of the ancient settlements, which is situated in district of Kachi (Bolan) on the foot hills of Bolan river near Dahdar. The ancient settlement is belonged to Neolithic period (7000BCE-2600BCE). The French Archaeological team took part in the excavations of Mehrgarh under the supervision of Jean Fransco Jarrige since 1974 to 2000. After a long period, the team has excavated seven periods of Mehrgarh mound. The team conclude that the ancient people of Mehrgarh were well advanced and developed. The archaeological evidences of Mehrgarh proves that the inhabitants of area had introduced first time village culture network, Terracotta figurine (human and animals), domestication of plants (wheat, rice and barely) and animals (waterbufallo) in South Asia. Mehrgarh had produced remains of dental surgery who able to treats the affected teeth on that time by the help of an ancient technology. however, the inhabitants of Mehrgarh used to storage jar for the purpose of seeds storage. The ancient population had trade linked among neighboring populations as well long distance communication such as Iran, Afghanistan, Oman and Mesopotamia through sea and land routes.
بیست و یکمی صدی ٹی براہوئی زبان نا آخبت، ویل و گڑتیک
Authors: Jalil Ahmed Mengal  , Dr.Manzoor Baloch  
Published: December 2021

According to UNESCO 2008 report, 2500 languages are endangered in the world, 27 of them exist in Pakistan. Brahui language is also one of them. In this research paper it would be try to shed some spotlight on the real status of Brahui language, whether the Brahui language is endangered or it is still safe. According to UNESCO report the cause of endangerment of Brahui language is because of the less speakers but at the same time it is interesting to note here that Brahui speakers are present from Balochistan to Afghanistan? Iran and Turkmenistan. The real cause of endangerment of the Brahui language will be tried to evaluate in this article.
براہوئی درمان تیٹی لوز، ہچکاری نا مانہ او گشاد
Authors: Mahjabeen Khan  
Published: December 2021

Vernacular healing tradition in Brahui folk literature shows the folk wisdom of nomadism in Balochistan. The healing tradition by remedies and herbs. The people of Balochistan were had knowledge of traditional treatment before the scientific and medical awareness. The basic knowledge of herbs and healing tradition got from the nomadic life, with the passage of time people used to live in mountain’s ranges of Balochistan. It was the reason to knowing the basic knowledge about healing tradition with remedies or folk methods. The believes and experiences of people in healing or remedies treatment had introduced a word Hichkaari it means the absolute treatment or better treatment about a disease. The word Hichkaari shows authority in itself about traditional herbs or remedies. Beside verbal and public knowledge it can observed worthy knotweed about vernacular and remedies healing tradition in Brahui folk lore. The theory of Bricolage introduced by Liwi Strass a follower of Post modernism theory has been applying to conduct this research paper. A social and psychological analysis have been adapted to complete this research in approach of qualitative methodology.
براہوئی ادب اٹ نیاڑی تا شاعری نا روایت
Authors: Zahida Parveen  
Published: December 2021

Undeniably, Poetry promotes Literacy. It is an individual’s Creativity. Expression of poetry links with physical, intellectual, emotional and natural feelings. Poetry is everywhere, it just needs editing. this article aims to enlighten the works of women in the field of Brahui poetry. there are some women who engraved their names in the history of Brahui poetry. Such as the names of great poetesses are: Tahira Ahsas, Humira Sadaf and Rabiya Khuzdari and many more. Due to these women the Classical and ancient poetry still prevails at the very same way the male writers have also played a great role in the development of Brahui Literature. The rhyme of poetry which was initiated by the ancients and now it is being developed and molded accordingly to the needs and demands of the modern poetry. The art of thyme, melody and logical techniques are also discussed here in. the women who belong to rural areas of Balochistan are presented with their real glamour and shine in this article. which remained unidentified in history of Brahui Literature. No doubt, most of the folk music are sung by women and they made a footstep to progress the literature and Brahui poetry.
Comparative Analysis of the Theme of “Love” In John Donne’s “The Sun Rising” And “The Good-Morrow”
Authors: Dr. Saman Salah  , Dr. Saba Zaidi  , Hoor Jan Zagar Mengal  
Published: December 2021

This paper seeks to investigate the concept of John Donne’s love in his poems “The Sun Rising” And “The Good-Morrow”. These poems show unmistakable attributes of Metaphysical ballads which include conversational phrasing, drawing creative symbolism from unusual sources, energetically breaking down connections and analyzing sentiments. This paper investigates the poems from the perspective of love through a qualitative research design with a descriptive, exploratory and interpretative approach. Besides, the poems are analyzed using content analysis. Both the poems contain the experience of love and affection through vanities, Metaphysical mind, language procedures and symbolism, in a certain tone utilizing legitimate contention. The effect of Donne's utilization of immediate and informal language demonstrates the peruser how he feels about a lady and at last love. Besides both the poems contain feelings of commitment, passion and intimacy as elements of profound love.
Reflection of Brahui Culture in Brahui Modern Prose
Authors: Dinakhel Dr. Muhammad Ali 
Published: December 2021

According to a proverbial saying of Mattew Arnold, literature is the reflection of society. Following this idea it is true that the best reflection of a culture and society is found in the literature of that very community. Writers reflect culture in their writings because they can’t live without being influenced by the environment in which they live. Environment has its influence upon writers and that is why a writer or poet directly or indirectly describes his environment and culture. As compare to poetry, culture is visibly seen in prose. Same is the case of the reflection of Brahui culture in its prose. We easily know about the main cultural tenets of Brahui people through their literature. Their life-style, customs, food, education, professions, religion etc. are found in the prose of Brahui Literature. Modern genres in Brahui Prose, like novel, short story, drama etc. are the main sources of Brahui Culture. This article attempts to analyse modern genres of prose like novel, drama, short story and so on in Brahui language to discover and point out main features of Brahui Culture.
Key Words: Brahui, Culture, Balochistan, Literature, Prose
براہوئی افسانہ مسافر؛ نا فنی او تنقیدی جاچ اس
Authors: Hanfi Muneer Ahmed 
Published: December 2021

In the 19th century, Haibat Khan crafted "Musaafir" the premier fiction, a historical short story in the Brahui language and it was published in the year 1957, in the monthly literary magazine Nawaiy-e-Watan. The author employed content analysis, a branch of descriptive research to critically review fiction writing techniques, in comparison with the modern day fictions. The investigation revealed that the ‘Musaafir’ is a masterpiece of literary work in Brahui language, which focuses the portrayal of nature, characterizations, narration skills, theme and plot development, dialog formation, thought process, description of events and climax based fictitious short story. This study represents the culture of the society in Balochistan, and also reflects the writers’ insight of fiction drafting skills in line with contemporary fiction writing techniques
مکتبہ درخانی نا تحریک و اواری نا کلہو
Authors: Khatak Khalid Mehmood , Nazir Muhammad Iqbal 
Published: December 2021

Maktaba Durkhani Dhadar Balochistan started publishing work on different topics after its stability this work had been done in Brahui Baloch sindhi, Urdu, Persion and Arabic This work was the best example of mutual eternity At the same time in this academy the translations of these works were presented and the main topic of this presentation is the reform of individual and society which creates the atmosphere of mutual eternity by the readers thus this academy proved that the message of literature has removed the differences and enhance the unity and respect for each other۔
براہوئی ٹی دروشینکاری اسہ پوسکنو لسانی وئیل اسے نا گھڑتی
Authors: Bano Noureen , Sani Liaquat Ali 
Published: December 2021

This research articles reflects basic knowledge about terminology. The word "Droshenk" in Brahui translated as terminology. The core theme of this article is to argument, which in modern era Brahui language strictly needs to produce terminology. As one side human being becoming busy in its life on other hand new inventions are taking and changing the world's languages. Simply languages are being affected by new creations. This article has clear argument that Brahui language for its promotion and preservation has to establish such institution which helps to create new literary terminology. Expressions can be inadequate to one or more languages like multilingual terminology and bilingual terminology or may have an interdisciplinary focal point on the use of terms in different fields.
درخانی، عالم آتا ادبی کڑد
Authors: Hanfi Muneer Ahmed , Shahwani Shabeer Ahmed 
Published: December 2021

Maktaba Durkhani (Durxání Academy) established at the village of Durxání in Dhadar (Balochistan). It Started work in Brahui, Balochi, Sindhi, Persian, Urdu and Arabic Languages. The majority publications of Maktaba had been done in Brahui language. The first ever Brahui translation of the Holy Quran, which translated by an eminent religious scholar of the Academy, several religious literatures had translated in various languages mentioned above, this Academy brought great changes and reforms in the life of individuals and in Baloch society. The writers of the Academy opposed the Christian missionaries. This Academy has brought new ideas in the history of Brahui literature and language. It put a great influence on Brahui language. The writer of the Academy had presented many works, which are belonged to religious teachings, Brahui literature, poetry, prose and language.
Impact of Globalization on Brahui language
Authors: Noreen Bano  , Sani Liaqat Ali , Panah Baloch  
Published: December 2021

Brahui is one of the oldest languages of the Sub-continent and Brahui speaking people are found in Balochistan, Sindh, Afghanistan, Turkmenistan and Iran. Some researchers claim that Brahui is an Aryan language others assert that it is a Turko-Iranian language. Another group of intellectuals also emphasize that the traces of Brahui language have been found in the remainants of Mohenjo Daro and it has Dravidian origin and same language is being spoken in some parts of India and Sri Lanka. According to some historians Brahui’s and Baloch’s belong to same race. Balochi speaking people entered Mekran while Brahui speaking people entered from Chagai as they defeated the Dravidian rulers of Kalat and entered into matrimonial relationship with the Dravidian and Balochi languages were mixed up and a new language of “Brahui” was born due to same relationship. According to reports about four million peoples of the above countries and regions speaks Brahui language. Languages are vehicles of our cultures, collective memory and values. They are an essential component of our identities, and a building block of our diversity and living heritage. Globalized economics and media are altering the face of culture around the globe, reducing the number of languages that human’s converse. As the world economy becomes more integrated, a common tongue has become more important than ever to promote commerce, and that puts speakers of regional dialects and minority languages at a distinct disadvantage. In addition, information technology has pressured languages to become more standardized, further squeezing local variations of language. These pressures are inducing a rapid die-off of languages around the world. UNESCO Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger declaring that Brahui is vulnerable language. A small scale print and electronic media are playing important role in the promotion of Brahui language but have no ample capacity to stop the invasion of globalization. Surveys and research finding are also shows that many Brahui words, names of boys, girls, days, relationships, terminologies, names of food items were replaced by the words of the other dominant languages of electronic media.
براہوئی خلقی شاعری او پہوالی زند
Authors: Naz Ghulam Hyder , Shahwani Shabeer Ahmed , Rodeni Yousaf Ali 
Published: December 2021

Society is very important for livelihood of a man life. In which he encircles under the code and ethics of such society as such nation can be called as nation when they understand rules and regulations of their living style. But the history of nation builds when it folk literature build up. How they lived their life? How they scheduled their livelihoods. How they made easiness in their lives? How their thinking expanded? Understanding all this question, the study of folk literature is crucial the basic nomadic life can be come in mind through the study of folk literature. Now days the folk literature defines the honesty of their simple people through it study. We can able to know it basics. the folk poetry is most valuable part of literature, which beautifully describes the individual sentiments, feelings, grief's and sorrows, social ups and downs, of a common nomadic. we can call the Brahui folk poetry is the real mirror image of nomadic life, simple we can say the folk poetry displays all angels of social life of nomadic and still it persists with it impotence.
براہوئی خلقی شئیرو باگل آ تیٹی فن
Authors: Lehri Inayat Ullah , Sarpra Hafeez Ullah 
Published: December 2021

This article aims to enlighten the various genres of Brahui folk music developed thousands of years ago. These are not just songs but their heartily emotions, Natural feelings, Eternal love and expression with the poetic words and immortal heart touching music. Music has been the most favorite tool of expression in Brahui nomadic life. Most of the folklores have been created, composed and sung by the women. Although Brahui folklores have many genres but this article deals with and describes some of the most important and famous genres like loli (lullaby), keluarha, zaheeri, lihako, Lailarhi, Bar Naz ana, Laili Mor, Suronzi and Moda (Dirge Elegy) etc. with art and techniques of the music. These famous folklore genres are discussed here with the needs of musical techniques and art. The melody of brahui folklores their tunes and other musical bases are described according to present discipline of music. And the genres of folk music are defined with their creation and natural feelings and emotions.
براہوئی ادب ٹی توار مٹی
Authors: Shahwani Shabeer Ahmed , Sani Liaquat Ali 
Published: December 2021

This article introduces research work in Brahui linguistics, especially in phonetics and phonology. While speaking in to Brahui languages it has been noted that there are several areas and verity in Brahui language that speakers change the sound or vice or they used code switching in their language. This paper focused too highlights those causes which are caused to making code switching. It based on personal experience and dialectal study of Brahui language. It shares the findings that people change those sounds, voices or words which have been borrowed from other languages, like, Arabic, Persian, Urdu and etc. this paper discus that it is good singe that in huge number sound changing have found in Brahui other than neighboring languages in Balochistan. It ends with this formula that Brahui language has a strong syntax and semantics variation that doesn't accept new and other language words in a jiffy. Any word found code switched or sound changed it reflects it is not Brahui originate sound or word. it has been found that the ratio of code switching and sound changing is high in non-literate persons then the literates which can be illustrated in verbal language and in written language.
IMPACT OF MULTILINGUALISM ON THE EARLY CHILD DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Iftikhar Shafiq  , Dr. Naima Saeed.  
Published: December 2021

There is certainly found an instrumental role of primary language in early childhood development. The domains of child development and early learning are discussed in different terms and categorized in different ways in the various fields and disciplines that are involved in research, practice, and policy related to children from birth through age. The primary language has significant role for learning process in early childhood development. Keeping its importance, it is included in National Education Policy 2009. This is very general that many children speak a home language that differs from the language of instruction in education programs. Research confirms that children learn best in their mother tongue as a prelude to and complement of bilingual and multilingual education. Whether children successfully retain their mother tongue while acquiring additional languages depends on several interacting factors. This further help the students in early grades that students acquire much knowledge and easily learn in primary language. The most significant part of schooling is the early education or early development of child related to their social and educational problems ,the role of primary language cannot be ignored because such like Quetta city, the majority of the students learn education in their secondary language, the medium of instruction in private schools is mostly English and Urdu but in public school the Urdu is used commonly. However the large number of population lives in Quetta they speak their first language as Pashto, Balochi, Brahui, and Hazargi, but less number of students speak Urdu as first or primary language, not only in Quetta but also in all over the province the education system is not good enough to provide quality education to the students, the public and private schools are providing education in province but all of them lack the services
SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS OF ROLE OF BILINGUALISM ON EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO QUETTA CITY.
Authors: Nousheen Naseer  , Dr. Naima Saeed  , Kiazai Abdul Nasir 
Published: December 2021

Multiple factors rests in nation’s growth but educational system plays a vital role in the development of a nation. The aim of this research article is to explore the role of bilingualism in early childhood education and also to investigate that multilingual educational system can be applied and run in a society, which is linguistically diverse like Pakistan and also investigates teacher’s experiences in primary schools, addressing children from different cultures and languages. To address the issue, we randomly investigated 300 respondents from different primary schools of Quetta City. A mixed approach (qualitative and quantitative) was used in this investigation. The primary data was collected through teacher’s questionnaire survey and observation. On the other hand, secondary data included books, journal articles and websites. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS).The findings of this study revealed that the proficiency in Urdu, and also analyzing an approach from which age the children are at their best to understand, start or adopt second language and even speak more fluently. Pertinently that is the age it can also be judged the children are mixing up the primary and secondary languages. The findings of the study reveals that 52.7% respondents were excellent in Urdu language, 46.7 % respondent suggested the best age of 4-6 year to start the second language, 59% respondents were of the view that children can mix-up primary and secondary languages. 61.3% agreed upon the bilingualismin theearly ages. The survey concludes the bilingualism can effect on the education of the children at early age. Keeping in view the multilingualatmosphere of the Quetta city it is recommended that monoligualism is the best option of the children to be adopted in education system for better understanding.