bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effective Recruitment Strategies for Community-Dwelling Persons Living With Dementia and Their Caregivers
Authors: McPhillips Miranda , Connell LaShauna , Boateng Augustine , Petrovsky Darina , Sefcik Justine , Hodgson Nancy 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Recruitment of diverse community-dwelling persons living with dementia (PLWD) and their caregivers (dyads) into randomized controlled trials (RCT) is challenging, time consuming and expensive. This presentation will describe community outreach efforts used over a one-year period to recruit dyads of PLWD and their caregivers in Healthy Patterns RCT. Community outreach yielded 296 inquiries, such that people expressed interest in joining the study. Of the 296 inquiries, almost all (95.6%) identified as African American, and 91(30.7%) consented to join the study. Presentations at senior centers yielded the highest number of inquiries (n=148), followed by staff presence at various community events such as health fairs and senior galas (n=145) and referrals (n=3). We found that community outreach was an effective recruitment strategy to generate inquiries among diverse PLWD and their caregivers to enroll in Healthy Patterns. We will discuss these strategies and provide suggestions for recruiting diverse dyads into clinical trials.
The Role of Caregiver Mastery in Anxiety Symptoms in People Living With Dementia
Authors: Hwang Yeji , Hodgson Nancy 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Anxiety symptoms in people living with dementia (PLWD) are the most distressing symptoms for caregivers. While caregiving is bidirectional relationship, little is known how caregivers can influence anxiety in PLWD. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between caregiver mastery and anxiety symptoms in PLWD. Secondary data analysis was conducted using baseline data from Healthy Patterns Study. The conceptual model of Factors Associated with Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia guided this study. Among the 169 study PLWD, 23.1% (n=39) reported having anxiety symptoms. In a multivariate logistic regression, adjusting for age, dementia stage, sleep, and depression, better caregiver mastery was significantly related to lower odds of having anxiety in PLWD (OR=0.87, p=0.046). These results suggest that interventions aimed at improving caregiver mastery may improve anxiety symptoms in PLWD.
Older Vietnamese Have the Highest Prevalence of Disability Compared to White and Other Asian Groups
Authors: Nguyen Hoang , Miyawaki Christina , Markides Kyriakos 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the vulnerability of older adults with pre-existing health conditions and disabilities. A 2011 study reported that Asian older adults had lower prevalence of disability compared to non-Hispanic white. We revisited the estimate a decade later using the recently released 2015-2019 Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS) from the American Community Survey (ACS). We estimated the prevalence of six types of disability in adults aged 60 years and older who self-identified as Vietnamese, Chinese, Filipino, Japanese, Korean, Asian Indian, or non-Hispanic White. We also compared the risk for each disability type between Vietnamese and non-Hispanic White (reference group) using the adjusted (age, sex, marital status, education and poverty level) odds ratios. All analyses used survey weights for point estimate and the jackknife method for standard error. Significantly higher prevalence of limitations in independent living, self-care, cognitive function, and blindness were reported by Vietnamese than by non-Hispanic White. Vietnamese also had the highest prevalence in all six types of disability of the Asian groups examined. The adjusted odds ratio of limitations in independent living, self-care, and cognitive function was significantly higher for Vietnamese than non-Hispanic White. These findings suggest a possible negative outcome trend with the aging of the Vietnamese population. We discuss the historical accounts of Vietnamese in the United States as war refugees and family reunion migrants, provide possible explanations for these new findings including changing demographic structures, and make recommendations for policy and practice that incorporate existing social and cultural resources in the Vietnamese community.
The Importance of the Pharmacist’s Role and the Quality of Pharmacy Services in Nursing Home Care
Authors: Bae-Shaaw Yuna , Joyce Geoffrey , Seabury Seth , Shier Victoria , Sood Neeraj 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services requires nursing homes (NHs) to provide pharmacy services to ensure the safety of medication use, such as minimizing off-label medication use for residents with dementia. This study examined NH’s response to this requirement and its relationship to medication-related outcomes. The contemporaneous relationship between the quality of pharmacy services and outcome measures were modeled using facility-level longitudinal data from 2011-2017 and facility fixed-effects. The results revealed that deficiency in pharmacy services increased medication-related issues by: 11% in inappropriate medication regimen, 5% in medication error rate &gt;5%, and 3% in any serious medication errors. Additionally, deficiency in pharmacy services was associated with small but statistically significant increases in antipsychotic use, residents with daily pain, number of hospitalizations and rehospitalization rate. The results suggest that pharmacy services have a direct and immediate impact on medication outcomes. The results underscore the importance of pharmacy services in NHs.
Daily Perceptions of Aging and Implications for Stress Reactivity
Authors: Wilton-Harding Bethany , Windsor Tim 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Awareness of one’s own aging has received increasing attention in the field of gerontology over the last decade. This study examines the role awareness of age-related change (AARC) may play in the association between daily stressors and well-being. Recently, individuals’ awareness of both age-related gains and age-related losses has been shown to vary on a day-to-day basis (Neupert & Bellingtier, 2017). We expected that increases in daily AARC-losses may be associated with increased emotional reactivity to daily stressors, whereas increases in AARC-gains may be associated with decreased reactivity. Data were collected in a daily diary study from a community-based sample of 152 Australian participants aged 53 to 86 (M = 69.18, SD = 5.73). Participants completed daily assessments of AARC, stressors and emotional affect (positive and negative) on their smartphones for 10 consecutive days. Analysis of within-person coupling using multilevel models indicated that daily increases in AARC-losses were associated with increased reactivity to daily stressors (represented by high negative affect and low positive affect). On the other hand, daily increases in AARC-gains were associated with decreased reactivity to daily stressors (represented by low negative affect). Results indicate that even short-term fluctuations in perceptions of aging may be an important factor to consider when investigating associations between daily stressors and well-being in older adulthood. Specifically, greater daily AARC-losses may contribute to lower emotional well-being, whereas an appreciation of positive age-related changes (AARC-gains) may play a role in mitigating emotional reactivity to daily stress experiences in older adulthood.
Differences in Self-Rated Memory by Race/Ethnicity
Authors: Franco Yujin , Saenz Joseph , Jang Yuri , Ho Jessica 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Self-rated memory is an important dimension of well-being among older adults that has also been linked to cognitive impairment over the long term. However, few studies based on nationally-representative samples have examined differences in self-rated memory by race/ethnicity. This study explores differences in self-rated memory across non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, and Hispanic older adults in the United States. Data were drawn from the 2011 wave of the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS). The sample consisted of older adults aged 65 and older (N=4,753 non-Hispanic Whites, N=1,442 non-Hispanic Blacks, and N=388 Hispanics). Logistic regression was used to examine the association between having poor/fair self-rated memory and race/ethnicity, controlling for socio-demographic characteristics (age, gender, education level, income, and marital status), chronic conditions (heart attack, hypertension, diabetes, stroke, and depressive symptoms), objective memory status, functional limitations (activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living), and other social and cultural factors (economic vulnerability, religious practice, and limited English proficiency). I find that non-Hispanic Blacks and Hispanics have significantly higher odds of reporting poor/fair self-rated memory than non-Hispanic Whites. Compared to non-Hispanic Whites, Blacks and Hispanics had 33% and 56% higher odds of reporting poor/fair self-rated memory, respectively, controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, chronic conditions, objective memory status, functional limitations, and social and cultural factors. These results provide evidence that understanding differences in self-rated memory across racial/ethnic groups may have important implications for health professionals, particularly in relation to conducting and interpreting cognitive screening assessments.
Sociocultural Differences in Accepting Technology for Older Adults Between South Korea and the United States
Authors: Kim Jeungkun , Kang Suk-Young 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In recent years, Western-originated technology products for older adults are rapidly spreading in Korea, but discussions on technology acceptance taking into account the socio-cultural characteristics of older adults in Korea are relatively insufficient. The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of the socio-cultural characteristics of Korean older adults on their intention to use technology compared to the United States. Due to Covid-19, a telephone and non-face-to-face survey was conducted for older adults aged 65-95 residing in New York State in the U.S. and the metropolitan area of South ​​Korea from September 2020 to January 2021(N=155 in South Korea, N=180 in the U.S.).In this study, the expanded technology acceptance model for older adults was conceptualized, and socio-cultural factors were used as mediators or modulators. Results show that Korean older adults had higher expectations that technology use would have a positive impact on their lives, and their product purchase intentions were higher than those in the United States(p&lt;0.001). The main reason was that Korean older adults were less anxious about the leakage of personal information, had higher national trust and were relatively less resistant to robots than American older adults. In addition, Korean older adults were more confident that they could receive help in case of problems with technology products than their counterparts in the United States. This study suggests practical and policy alternatives for securing technology acceptance of older adults, taking into account the social and cultural factors of Korea and the United States.
Variation in Subjective Aging Among Middle-Aged and Older LGBTQ+ People: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Barbee Harry , McKay Tara 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Studies suggest that women and men have different experiences of subjective aging—including interpretations of age norms, timing of life course stages, and aging anxieties—but few have addressed variation within sexual and gender diverse communities. Drawing on a sample of middle-age and older LGBTQ+ people from Alabama, North Carolina, and Tennessee (n=923), we analyze how four dimensions of subjective aging (age-related self-perceptions, generalized views of aging, aging bodies, and aging anxieties) vary within the LGBTQ+ population by comparing gay and bisexual cisgender men (GBCM), lesbian and bisexual cisgender women (LBCW), and transgender, gender nonconforming, and non-binary (T/GNC/NB) people. Using multivariate regression models, we find that LBCW reported younger ideal ages, more elongated perceptions of the life course, more negative predictions of prospective health, and less aging anxiety compared to GBCM. Regarding self-perceptions and generalized views of aging, T/GNC/NB people reported younger ideal ages and more condensed perceptions of the life course compared to GBCM. Regarding perceptions of aging bodies, T/GNC/NB people reported more positive views of physical changes within the last five years and more negative predictions of prospective health compared to GBCM. Finally, T/GNC/NB people were less anxious than GBCM about future sex lives but were more anxious about not being able to support other people in the future. Overall, while some results align with studies of the general population, we find that sexual and gender diverse people may have different subjective aging trajectories, and thus experience differential physical and mental health outcomes, compared with cisgender heterosexual adults.
Machine Learning Approaches to Understanding and Predicting Patterns of Adherence
Authors: Chakraborty Shayok , Bhattacharya Aditya , Tian Shubo , Roque Nelson , He Zhe , Boot Walter 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In cognitive training of older adults, adherence is a major challenge, but appropriate just-in-time adaptive interventions can improve adherence. To understand adherence patterns and predictors of adherence lapses, we aggregated data from two previous trials (N &gt; 230) involving home-based cognitive interventions. This dataset, detailing 40,000 intervention interactions, contains information about intervention engagement and measures of objective and subjective cognitive performance, demographics, technology proficiency, and attitudes. Exploratory analyses were conducted to understand patterns and predictors of faltering adherence, using classification models, together with feature selection to remove redundant variables. Adherence behaviors in a week were predictive of quitting the following week. Game parameters such as the time of play were weak indicators of future playing patterns, whereas game success was a strong predictor of adherence. These and other useful observations will be incorporated in the design and development of the smart reminder system to be deployed in the APPT project.
A Qualitative Understanding of Motivations, Preferences, and Attitudes Toward Adherence-Based Technology
Authors: Dieciuc Michael , Zhang Shenghao , Gray Nicholas , Dilanchian Andrew , Carr Dawn , Lustria Mia , Boot Walter 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The future of cognitive assessments and brain-training programs is very likely to involve mobile applications for phones and tablets. However, adherence to these programs over the long haul is notoriously low. In an effort to countervail this trend, we ran online focus groups with both older and younger adults to understand from a user-centered perspective how to better design apps to increase adherence. Using thematic content analysis (Braun & Clarke, 2006) with an inductive bottom-up approach (Frith & Gleeson, 2004), we found a surprising number of common themes across older and younger adults that superseded many of their superficial differences. For instance, both younger and older adults were reluctant to engage in the program unless it had some obvious perceived benefit; both wanted the program personalized to their individual preferences; both wanted the ability to customize features and reminders; and both generally agreed that the tasks had to be fun.
Defining Appropriate Resources for Nursing Homes to Reduce Potentially Avoidable Transfers After a Fall
Authors: Guerbaai Raphaëlle , Simon Michael , Zúñiga Franziska 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Falls are common in nursing home (NH) residents and are the predominant reason for an emergency department (ED) transfer. Falls are responsible for 25% - 87% of ED transfers, a proportion of which are potentially avoidable. INTERCARE – an implementation science study reducing unplanned hospitalizations (2018 – 2020) – involved experts to identify potentially avoidable fall-related transfers. Focus group and stakeholder survey enabled identification of resources to safely manage some falls in NHs. 25.9% of fall-related transfers were potentially avoidable based on using root-cause analysis and discharge reports. Avoidability was associated to ED visit, compared to hospitalizations. Appropriate resources identified by stakeholders included timely access to outpatient services for diagnostic imaging (e.g., X-Ray) and clinical skills’ training in suturing and wound care for registered or specialist nurses. Although NHs are striving for a home-like environment, better access to basic diagnostic and treatment services within NHs should be possible.
IQ in Young Adulthood and Depressive Symptoms Over the Retirement Transition
Authors: Zulka Linn Elena , Thorvaldsson Valgeir , Hassing Linda B 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Retirement can be a challenging life transition for mental health. Higher levels of IQ in young adulthood have been shown to be advantageous for different outcomes later in life such as quality of life and well-being. However, it remains unclear whether possessing higher cognitive abilities in early life also favors individuals’ mental health when facing challenges related to the retirement transition. In this study, we therefore investigated the relationship between IQ in young adulthood and depressive symptoms over the retirement transition. We used data of six waves from the longitudinal population-based HEalth, Aging and Retirement in Sweden (HEARTS) study, as well as data on IQ in young adulthood from conscription. In a piecewise structural equation model, we modelled trajectories of depressive symptoms (measured by the CES-D scale) before and after retirement and in relation to young adulthood IQ (n = 1722 men). Results indicated an average decrease in depressive symptoms over the retirement transition for this sample of men. Higher childhood IQ was associated with further reduction in post-retirement depressive symptoms while controlling for education, retirement age, and memory ability and cardiovascular health at baseline. Our findings support the conclusion that higher IQ in young adulthood may act as a protective factor for mental health in the retirement transition. Individuals with higher IQ in young adulthood may have acquired coping strategies throughout their life-course, which they can apply when handling challenges related to retiring.
Shared Positivity in Daily Life of Younger and Older Couples: Links Between We-ness and Positive Emotions
Authors: Meier Tabea , Huber Zilla , Dworakowski Olenka , Haase Claudia , Martin Mike , Horn Andrea 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Positivity resonance, the shared experience of emotional positivity, may contribute to the quality of romantic relationships and foster couples’ sense of “we-ness”. The present study examined age differences in couples’ positive experiences in daily life, how they are shared with the partner, and how they are related with “we-ness”. In a 21-day experience sampling study, 62 younger (18-33 years) and 54 older (57-87 years) couples reported their momentary positive emotional experiences and disclosure. We-ness was operationalized as the rate of we-pronouns in couples’ audio-sensed daily conversations. As hypothesized, daily positivity was associated with we-ness, and older couples experienced more positive affect than younger couples. Older couples also showed higher manifestations of we-ness, and these age differences in we-ness were partially explained by more positive disclosure in daily life. Our results contribute to the literature on socio-emotional positivity and aging by showing how these processes manifest in daily life.
Cohort Differences in Self-Objectification
Authors: Tran Sydney 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Sexual objectification socializes women to engage in self-objectification—the tendency to view one’s body as an object to be used by others and evaluating one’s value in terms of attractiveness to others (Noll & Fredrickson, 1998)—and leads to negative psychological consequences. As women age, their bodies move further away from the thin ideal (Guo, Zeller, Chumlea, & Siervogel; 1999) potentially making them more susceptible to body i concerns and dissatisfaction. However, may also begin using selection, optimization, and compensation (SOC) strategies, countering the impacts of sexual objectification, and promoting successful aging. We compared self-objectification between women in early adulthood (N = 132, M = 20.93) and women in late middle age or late adulthood (N = 86, M = 67.83). Results showed that older women had significantly lower levels of self-objectification than younger women. Our findings support the idea the SOC strategies protect against the consequences of sexual objectification.
Change, Correlates, and Structure of Personality Across Adulthood
Authors: Atherton Olivia , Beck Emorie 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Personality is both stable and changing across the lifespan. However, many questions remain about the factors that account for individual differences in change, the consequences of personality for life outcomes, and how best to assess personality at different points in the lifespan. First, Olivia Atherton will discuss research on the development of the Big Five personality traits from young adulthood to midlife with a sample of Mexican-origin individuals, as well as sociodemographic and cultural predictors of personality change in this population. Second, Bill Chopik uses data from 90 countries to examine the consistency of age differences in positive personality traits in the second half of life, from midlife to old age, as well as how cultural characteristics moderate the terminal decline in positive personality traits. Third, Emorie Beck will present research demonstrating that personality traits from the Big Five to beyond are robustly associated with a number of key life events across countries, decades, sociodemographic moderators, and even when controlling for selection bias. Finally, Josh Jackson uses network psychometric techniques to examine coherence and differentiation among indicators of the Big Five from 14 to 85 in a large multinational sample, tracking age differences with consequences for the assessment of personality traits in older adulthood. We will conclude with a panel discussion of emerging issues in personality change, prediction, and assessment across adulthood, with each speaker providing unique experience and insight into the study of each area.
A Mega-Analysis of Personality Prediction: Robustness and Boundary Conditions
Authors: Beck Emorie , Jackson Joshua 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Decades of studies identify prospective associations between personality characteristics and life outcomes. However, previous investigations of personality characteristic-outcome associations have not taken a principled approach to sampling strategies to ensure the robustness of personality-outcome associations. In a preregistered study, we test whether and for whom personality-outcome associations are robust against selection bias using prospective associations between 14 personality characteristics and 14 health, social, education/work, and societal outcomes across eight different person- and study-level moderators using individual participant data from 171,395 individuals across 10 longitudinal panel studies in a mega-analytic framework with propensity score matching. Two findings emerged: First, personality characteristics remain robustly associated with later life outcomes. Second, the effects generalize, as there are few moderators of personality-outcome associations. In sum, personality characteristics are robustly associated with later life outcomes with few moderated associations. We discuss how these findings can inform studies of personality-outcome associations.