bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary excess regulates absorption and surface of gut epithelium through intestinal PPARα
Authors: Stojanović Ozren , Altirriba Jordi , Rigo Dorothée , Spiljar Martina , Evrard Emilien , Roska Benedek , Fabbiano Salvatore , Zamboni Nicola , Maechler Pierre , Rohner-Jeanrenaud Françoise , Trajkovski Mirko 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntestinal surface changes in size and function, but what propels these alterations and what are their metabolic consequences is unknown. Here we report that the food amount is a positive determinant of the gut surface area contributing to an increased absorptive function, reversible by reducing daily food. While several upregulated intestinal energetic pathways are dispensable, the intestinal PPARα is instead necessary for the genetic and environment overeating–induced increase of the gut absorptive capacity. In presence of dietary lipids, intestinal PPARα knock-out or its pharmacological antagonism suppress intestinal crypt expansion and shorten villi in mice and in human intestinal biopsies, diminishing the postprandial triglyceride transport and nutrient uptake. Intestinal PPARα ablation limits systemic lipid absorption and restricts lipid droplet expansion and PLIN2 levels, critical for droplet formation. This improves the lipid metabolism, and reduces body adiposity and liver steatosis, suggesting an alternative target for treating obesity.
Atlas of RNA editing events affecting protein expression in aged and Alzheimer’s disease human brain tissue
Authors: Ma Yiyi , Dammer Eric B. , Felsky Daniel , Duong Duc M. , Klein Hans-Ulrich , White Charles C. , Zhou Maotian , Logsdon Benjamin A. , McCabe Cristin , Xu Jishu , Wang Minghui , Wingo Thomas S. , Lah James J. , Zhang Bin , Schneider Julie , Allen Mariet , Wang Xue , Ertekin-Taner Nilüfer , Seyfried Nicholas T. , Levey Allan I. , Bennett David A. , De Jager Philip L. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRNA editing is a feature of RNA maturation resulting in the formation of transcripts whose sequence differs from the genome template. Brain RNA editing may be altered in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here, we analyzed data from 1,865 brain samples covering 9 brain regions from 1,074 unrelated subjects on a transcriptome-wide scale to identify inter-regional differences in RNA editing. We expand the list of known brain editing events by identifying 58,761 previously unreported events. We note that only a small proportion of these editing events are found at the protein level in our proteome-wide validation effort. We also identified the occurrence of editing events associated with AD dementia, neuropathological measures and longitudinal cognitive decline in: SYT11, MCUR1, SOD2, ORAI2, HSDL2, PFKP, and GPRC5B. Thus, we present an extended reference set of brain RNA editing events, identify a subset that are found to be expressed at the protein level, and extend the narrative of transcriptomic perturbation in AD to RNA editing.
Hydroxylamine-mediated C–C amination via an aza-hock rearrangement
Authors: Wang Tao , Stein Philipp M. , Shi Hongwei , Hu Chao , Rudolph Matthias , Hashmi A. Stephen K. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDespite the widespread use of anilines, synthetic challenges to these targets still exist. Selectivity is often an issue, when using the traditional nitration-reduction sequence or more modern approaches, including arene C–H aminations catalyzed by transition metals, photosensitizers, or electrodes. Accordingly, there is still a need for general methods to rapidly, directly access specific isomers of substituted anilines. Here, we report a simple route towards the synthesis of such motifs starting from benzyl alcohols, which are converted to anilines by the use of arylsulfonyl hydroxylamines, via an aza-Hock rearrangement. Good to excellent yields are observed. The method is applicable to various benzyl alcohol surrogates (such as ethers, esters, and halides) as well as simple alkylarenes. Functionalizations of pharmaceutically relevant structures are feasible under the reaction conditions. Over ten amination reagents can be used, which facilitates the rapid assembly of a vast set of compounds.
Repression of germline genes by PRC1.6 and SETDB1 in the early embryo precedes DNA methylation-mediated silencing
Authors: Mochizuki Kentaro , Sharif Jafar , Shirane Kenjiro , Uranishi Kousuke , Bogutz Aaron B. , Janssen Sanne M. , Suzuki Ayumu , Okuda Akihiko , Koseki Haruhiko , Lorincz Matthew C. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSilencing of a subset of germline genes is dependent upon DNA methylation (DNAme) post-implantation. However, these genes are generally hypomethylated in the blastocyst, implicating alternative repressive pathways before implantation. Indeed, in embryonic stem cells (ESCs), an overlapping set of genes, including germline “genome-defence” (GGD) genes, are upregulated following deletion of the H3K9 methyltransferase SETDB1 or subunits of the non-canonical PRC1 complex PRC1.6. Here, we show that in pre-implantation embryos and naïve ESCs (nESCs), hypomethylated promoters of germline genes bound by the PRC1.6 DNA-binding subunits MGA/MAX/E2F6 are enriched for RING1B-dependent H2AK119ub1 and H3K9me3. Accordingly, repression of these genes in nESCs shows a greater dependence on PRC1.6 than DNAme. In contrast, GGD genes are hypermethylated in epiblast-like cells (EpiLCs) and their silencing is dependent upon SETDB1, PRC1.6/RING1B and DNAme, with H3K9me3 and DNAme establishment dependent upon MGA binding. Thus, GGD genes are initially repressed by PRC1.6, with DNAme subsequently engaged in post-implantation embryos.
Atlantic tropical cyclones downscaled from climate reanalyses show increasing activity over past 150 years
Authors: Emanuel Kerry 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHistorical records of Atlantic hurricane activity, extending back to 1851, show increasing activity over time, but much or all of this trend has been attributed to lack of observations in the early portion of the record. Here we use a tropical cyclone downscaling model driven by three global climate analyses that are based mostly on sea surface temperature and surface pressure data. The results support earlier statistically-based inferences that storms were undercounted in the 19th century, but in contrast to earlier work, show increasing tropical cyclone activity through the period, interrupted by a prominent hurricane drought in the 1970s and 80 s that we attribute to anthropogenic aerosols. In agreement with earlier work, we show that most of the variability of North Atlantic tropical cyclone activity over the last century was directly related to regional rather than global climate change. Most metrics of tropical cyclones downscaled over all the tropics show weak and/or insignificant trends over the last century, illustrating the special nature of North Atlantic tropical cyclone climatology.
Carbon tax acceptability with information provision and mixed revenue uses
Authors: Maestre-Andrés Sara , Drews Stefan , Savin Ivan , van den Bergh Jeroen 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPublic acceptability of carbon taxation depends on its revenue use. Which single or mixed revenue use is most appropriate, and which perceptions of policy effectiveness and fairness explain this, remains unclear. It is, moreover, uncertain how people’s prior knowledge about carbon taxation affects policy acceptability. Here we conduct a survey experiment to test how distinct revenue uses, prior knowledge, and information provision about the functioning of carbon taxation affect policy perceptions and acceptability. We show that spending revenues on climate projects maximises acceptability as well as perceived fairness and effectiveness. A mix of different revenue uses is also popular, notably compensating low-income households and funding climate projects. In addition, we find that providing information about carbon taxation increases acceptability for unspecified revenue use and for people with more prior tax knowledge. Furthermore, policy acceptability is more strongly related to perceived fairness than to perceived effectiveness.
Directed-evolution of translation system for efficient unnatural amino acids incorporation and generalizable synthetic auxotroph construction
Authors: Zhao Hongxia , Ding Wenlong , Zang Jia , Yang Yang , Liu Chao , Hu Linzhen , Chen Yulin , Liu Guanglong , Fang Yu , Yuan Ying , Lin Shixian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSite-specific incorporation of unnatural amino acids (UAAs) with similar incorporation efficiency to that of natural amino acids (NAAs) and low background activity is extremely valuable for efficient synthesis of proteins with diverse new chemical functions and design of various synthetic auxotrophs. However, such efficient translation systems remain largely unknown in the literature. Here, we describe engineered chimeric phenylalanine systems that dramatically increase the yield of proteins bearing UAAs, through systematic engineering of the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase and its respective cognate tRNA. These engineered synthetase/tRNA pairs allow single-site and multi-site incorporation of UAAs with efficiencies similar to those of NAAs and high fidelity. In addition, using the evolved chimeric phenylalanine system, we construct a series of E. coli strains whose growth is strictly dependent on exogenously supplied of UAAs. We further show that synthetic auxotrophic cells can grow robustly in living mice when UAAs are supplemented.
Valuing burden of premature mortality attributable to air pollution in major million-plus non-attainment cities of India
Authors: Nair Moorthy , Bherwani Hemant , Mirza Shahid , Anjum Saima , Kumar Rakesh 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAccelerating growth due to industrialization and urbanization has improved the Indian economy but simultaneously has deteriorated human health, environment, and ecosystem. In the present study, the associated health risk mortality (age > 25) and welfare loss for the year 2017 due to excess PM2.5concentration in ambient air for 31 major million-plus non-attainment cities (NACs) in India is assessed. The cities for the assessment are prioritised based on population and are classified as ‘X’ (> 5 million population) and ‘Y’ (1–5 million population) class cities. Ground-level PM2.5concentration retrieved from air quality monitoring stations for the NACs ranged from 33 to 194 µg/m3. Total PM2.5attributable premature mortality cases estimated using global exposure mortality model was 80,447 [95% CI 70,094–89,581]. Ischemic health disease was the leading cause of death accounting for 47% of total mortality, followed by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD-17%), stroke (14.7%), lower respiratory infection (LRI-9.9%) and lung cancer (LC-1.9%). 9.3% of total mortality is due to other non-communicable diseases (NCD-others). 7.3–18.4% of total premature mortality for the NACs is attributed to excess PM2.5exposure. The total economic loss of 90,185.6 [95% CI 88,016.4–92,411] million US$ (as of 2017) was assessed due to PM2.5mortality using the value of statistical life approach. The highest mortality (economic burden) share of 61.3% (72.7%) and 30.1% (42.7%) was reported for ‘X’ class cities and North India zone respectively. Compared to the base year 2017, an improvement of 1.01% and 0.7% is observed in premature mortality and economic loss respectively for the year 2024 as a result of policy intervention through National Clean Air Action Programme. The improvement among 31 NACs was found inconsistent, which may be due to a uniform targeted policy, which neglects other socio-economic factors such as population, the standard of living, etc. The study highlights the need for these parameters to be incorporated in the action plans to bring in a tailored solution for each NACs for better applicability and improved results of the programme facilitating solutions for the complex problem of air pollution in India.
Trends in lung cancer incidence by age, sex and histology from 2012 to 2025 in Catalonia (Spain)
Authors: Guarga Laura , Ameijide Alberto , Marcos-Gragera Rafael , Carulla Marià , Delgadillo Joaquim , Borràs Josep Maria , Galceran Jaume 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLung cancer remains one the most common cancers in Europe and ranks first in terms of cancer mortality in both sexes. Incidence rates vary by region and depend above all on the prevalence of tobacco consumption. In this study we describe recent trends in lung cancer incidence by sex, age and histological type in Catalonia and project changes according to histology by 2025. Bayesian age-period-cohort models were used to predict trends in lung cancer incidence according to histological type from 2012 to 2025, using data from the population-based Catalan cancer registries. Data suggest a decrease in the absolute number of new cases in men under the age of 70 years and an increase in women aged 60 years or older. Adenocarcinoma was the most common type in both sexes, while squamous cell carcinoma and small cell carcinoma were decreasing significantly among men. In both sexes, the incident cases increased by 16% for patients over 70 years. Increases in adenocarcinoma and rising incidence in elderly patients suggest the need to prioritize strategies based on multidisciplinary teams, which should include geriatric specialists.
Sex influences the brain functional connectivity correlates of originality
Authors: Silberstein Richard B. , Camfield David A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCreative cognition is thought to involve two processes, the creation of new ideas and the selection and retention of suitable new ideas. Neuroimaging studies suggest that the Default Mode Network contributes to the creation of new ideas while left inferior frontal and parieto-temporal cortical networks mediate the selection/retention process. Higher levels of activity in the selection/retention have been shown to be associated with stricter criteria for selection and hence the expression of fewer novel ideas. In this study, we examined the brain functional connectivity correlates of an originality score while 27 males and 27 females performed a low and a high demand visual vigilance task. Brain functional connectivity was estimated from the steady state visual evoked potential event related partial coherence. In the male group, we observed a hypothesized left frontal functional connectivity that was negatively correlated with originality in both tasks. By contrast, in the female group no significant correlation between functional connectivity and originality was observed in either task. We interpret the findings to suggest that males and females engaged different functional networks when performing the vigilance tasks. We conclude with a consideration of the possible risks when data pooling across sex in studies of higher cortical function.
Northern Hemisphere drought risk in a warming climate
Authors: Balting Daniel F. , AghaKouchak Amir , Lohmann Gerrit , Ionita Monica 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDrought frequency and severity are projected to increase in the future, but the changes are expected to be unevenly distributed across the globe. Based on multi-model simulations under three different future emissions and shared socioeconomic pathways, we show that a significant drought intensification is expected in dry regions, whereby the severity depends on greenhouse gas emissions and development pathways. The drought hotspots are located in the sub-tropical regions where a moderate to extreme summer drought in today’s climate is expected to become a new normal by the end of the 21st century under the warmest scenario. On average, under the warmest future scenario, the drought occurrence rate is projected to be 100% higher than that of the low emission scenario. Further, for the regions which are currently less affected by long-lasting droughts, such as the European continent, climate models indicate a significant increase in drought occurrence probability under the warmest future scenario.
Optimum design for the ballistic diode based on graphene field-effect transistors
Authors: Nguyen Van Huy , Nguyen Dinh Cong , Kumar Sunil , Kim Minwook , Kang Dongwoon , Lee Yeonjae , Nasir Naila , Rehman Malik Abdul , Bach Thi Phuong Anh , Jung Jongwan , Seo Yongho 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe investigate the transport behavior of two-terminal graphene ballistic devices with bias voltages up to a few volts suitable for electronics applications. Four graphene devices based ballistic designs, specially fabricated from mechanically exfoliated graphene encapsulated by hexagonal boron nitride, exhibit strong nonlinear I-V characteristic curves at room temperature. A maximum asymmetry ratio of 1.58 is achieved at a current of 60 µA at room temperature through the ballistic behavior is limited by the thermal effect at higher bias. An analytical model using a specular reflection mechanism of particles is demonstrated to simulate the specular reflection of carriers from graphene edges in the ballistic regime. The overall trend of the asymmetry ratio depending on the geometry fits reasonably with the analytical model.
Bismuth organic frameworks exhibiting enhanced phosphorescence
Authors: Koo Jin Young , Lee Changmin , Joo Taiha , Choi Hee Cheul 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBismuth-based organic frameworks (BiOFs) can display interesting phosphorescent properties, but the relationship between structure and optical activity remains underexplored. The structure-dependent phosphorescence properties in the BiOFs are investigated using different multidentate ligands. In-depth analysis of the luminescence properties confirms that the densely packed framework shows long-lasting phosphorescence at room temperature, owing to an efficient electron-hole separation. The combination of spectroscopic analysis and single-crystal structural analysis provides important insights into the emission control through BiOFs structural change, which can be a useful strategy for modulating the optical properties of various metal organic frameworks. Furthermore, taking the advantage of long-lasting phosphorescence, the potential usage as an eco-friendly photocatalyst is demonstrated.
Circulating pulse cavity enhancement as a method for extreme momentum transfer atom interferometry
Authors: Nourshargh Rustin , Lellouch Samuel , Hedges Sam , Langlois Mehdi , Bongs Kai , Holynski Michael 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLarge-scale atom interferometers promise unrivaled strain sensitivity to mid-band gravitational waves, and will probe a new parameter space in the search for ultra-light scalar dark matter. These proposals require gradiometry with kilometer-scale baselines, a momentum separation above 104ℏk between interferometer arms, and optical transitions to long-lived clock states to reach the target sensitivities. Prohibitively high optical power and wavefront flatness requirements have thus far limited the maximum achievable momentum splitting. Here we propose a scheme for optical cavity enhanced atom interferometry, using circulating, spatially resolved pulses, and intracavity frequency modulation to meet these requirements. We present parameters for the realization of 20 kW circulating pulses in a 1 km interferometer enabling 104ℏk splitting on the 698 nm clock transition in 87Sr. This scheme addresses the presently insurmountable laser power requirements and is feasible in the context of a kilometer-scale atom interferometer facility.
Improved dryland carbon flux predictions with explicit consideration of water-carbon coupling
Authors: Barnes Mallory L. , Farella Martha M. , Scott Russell L. , Moore David J. P. , Ponce-Campos Guillermo E. , Biederman Joel A. , MacBean Natasha , Litvak Marcy E. , Breshears David D. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDryland ecosystems are dominant influences on both the trend and interannual variability of the terrestrial carbon sink. Despite their importance, dryland carbon dynamics are not well-characterized by current models. Here, we present DryFlux, an upscaled product built on a dense network of eddy covariance sites in the North American Southwest. To estimate dryland gross primary productivity, we fuse in situ fluxes with remote sensing and meteorological observations using machine learning. DryFlux explicitly accounts for intra-annual variation in water availability, and accurately predicts interannual and seasonal variability in carbon uptake. Applying DryFlux globally indicates existing products may underestimate impacts of large-scale climate patterns on the interannual variability of dryland carbon uptake. We anticipate DryFlux will be an improved benchmark for earth system models in drylands, and prompt a more sensitive accounting of water limitation on the carbon cycle.
Decision‐making support for an autonomous software‐defined network orchestrator
Authors: Saadon Guy , Haddad Yoram , Dreyfuss Michael , Simoni Noemie 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe deployment of 5G and IoT networks has already started. Considering their growing complexity, such networks require complete autonomy, that is, without human intervention. For this purpose, an orchestration application has been introduced in the field of network management. This application automates, coordinates, and manages network resources, supporting countless demands for services and applications. In this context, complex rule‐driven and artificial‐intelligence based methods are investigated to help orchestrators make accurate decisions in becoming a zero‐touch network. Thus, a decision‐making process at the orchestrator level is important. However, rules defined at the level of the orchestrator can generate delays and yield loops, contradictions, redundancies, or even deadlocks in a network. In this study, a novel mathematical function, located at the orchestrator of the network resources, is presented to support decision‐making in selecting the most relevant rule to apply under a contention scenario. A network requires permanent monitoring; thus, if some rules appear to be ineffective or dangerous for network autonomy in certain cases, they will be eliminated. Under this function, different applicable rules are compared, and the most efficient rule for optimally allocating the required resources is selected. Based on a numerical analysis, we show how the usage of this decision process creates a more resilient and autonomous network.