bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinematic characteristics of longitudinal double folding wings
Authors: Tiegang L. , Guoguang C. , Shuai L. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTA folding wing is a tactical missile launching device that needs to be miniaturised to facilitate storage, transportation, and launching; save missile and transportation space; and improve the combat capability of weapon systems. This study investigates the aeroelastic characteristics of the secondary longitudinal folding wing during the unfolding process. First, the Lagrange equation is used to establish the structural dynamics model of the folding wing, the kinematics characteristics during the deformation process are analysed, and the unfolding movement of the folding wing is obtained using the dynamic equations in the process. Then, the generalised unsteady aerodynamic force is calculated using the dipole grid method, and the multi-body dynamics equation of the folding wing is obtained. The initial angular velocity required for the deployment of the folding wing is analysed through structural model simulation, and the influence of the initial angular velocity on the opening process is studied. Finally, aeroelastic flutter analysis is performed on the folding wing, and the physical model of the folding wing verified experimentally. Results show that the type of aeroelastic response is sensitive to the initial conditions and the way the folding wing opens.
COVID-19–Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Jordanian Nurses During the Pandemic
Authors: Qutishat Mohammed , Abu Sharour Loai , Al-Dameery Kholoud , Al-Harthy Ibtisam , Al-Sabei Sulaiman 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground:The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has been declared a pandemic and has affected both patients and health-care workers. This study was conducted to explore the extent of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) experiences among nurses because of the COVID-19 pandemic in Jordan.Methods:This study used a cross-sectional study design with a convenience sampling approach. A sample of 259 participants completed the study questionnaires, including a socio-demographic questionnaire and the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 between May and July 2020.Results:The prevalence of PTSD among the study participants was 37.1%. Most study participants who exhibited PTSD symptoms presented the lowest level of PTSD (17%). The results showed significant differences in overall COVID-19-related PTSD according to the participant’s age (F = 14.750; P = 0.000), gender (F = 30.340; P = 0.000), level of education (F = 51.983; P = 0.000), years of experience (F = 52.33, P = 0.000), place of work (F = 19.593; P = 0.000), and working position (F = 11.597; P = 0.000), as determined by 1-way ANOVA.Conclusions:Nurses must be qualified and accredited to cope with reported PTSD cases and their consequences in relation to COVID-19 outbreaks. A close collaboration with a multidisciplinary team is required to recognize, manage, and encourage safety literacy among health-care professionals and individuals diagnosed with or suspected of PTSD due to COVID-19 outbreaks or any other viral outbreaks.
Processes, Paradoxes and Illusions: Compositional Strategies in the Music of Hans Abrahamsen
Authors: MARCH DANIEL 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHans Abrahamsen’s recent music has been the subject of much critical and public acclaim, with his output of the last decade finding a new directness of expression even as it incorporates and develops elements of his musical language that have remained consistent over many years. This article examines the use of compositional processes within a number of these large-scale works – Schnee (2008), Wald (2009), the Double Concerto (2011) and Let me tell you (2013) – and explores the ways in which Abrahamsen generates and controls material through a variety of techniques of transformation and repetition. How smaller-scale systems interact to create music of great allusive complexity is considered through discussion of the variation form of Wald; finally, Abrahamsen’s embracing of types of paradox and illusion are presented as strategies to unlock broader aesthetic issues within his music.
The association of mycoprotein-based food consumption with diet quality, energy intake and non-communicable diseases’ risk in the UK adult population using the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) years 2008/2009–2016/2017: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Cherta-Murillo Anna , Frost Gary S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMycoprotein is a fungal-based ingredient rich in fibre and protein used in meat substitutes called Quorn. Fibre and protein positively regulate glycaemia, lipidaemia and energy intake which are non-communicable diseases’ (NCD) markers. We performed a cross-sectional study to investigate the association of mycoprotein intake with diet quality, nutrient, energy intake and NCD risk within 5507 UK free-living adults from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey from years 2008/2009 to 2016/2017. Dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) and healthy diet index (HDI) were calculated to estimate diet quality. Comparison between mycoprotein consumers (>1 % kcal) and non-consumers, and associations between consumers and nutrient intakes, NCD’s risk markers and diet quality were investigated using a survey-adjusted general linear model adjusted for sex, age, BMI, ethnicity, socio-economic, smoking status, region of residency, total energy, energy density, HDI and non-mycoprotein fibre intake. Mycoprotein consumers (3·44 % of the cohort) had a higher intake of dietary fibre (+22·18 %,P< 0·001), DASH score (+23·33 %) and HDI (+8·89 %) (P< 0·001, both) and lower BMI (−4·77 %,P= 0·00)v. non-consumers. There was an association (P= 0·00) between mycoprotein consumers and diet quality scores (+0·19 and +0·26), high fibre (+3·17 g), total and food energy (+3·09 and +0·22 kcal), but low energy density intakes (−0·08 kcal/g,P= 0·04). Consumers were negatively associated with fasting blood glucose (−0·31 mmol/l,P= 0·00) and glycated HbA1c (−0·15 %,P= 0·01). In conclusion, mycoprotein intake is associated with lower glycaemic markers and energy density intake, and high fibre, energy intake and diet quality scores.
The relationship between dietary intakes and plasma concentrations of PUFA in school-age children from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) cohort
Authors: Buckland Genevieve , de Silva Johnson Sandra , Johnson Laura , Taylor Caroline M. , Jones Louise R. , Emmett Pauline M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAn adequate intake of PUFA plays a vital role in human health. Therefore, it is important to assess PUFA intakes in different populations and validate them with biomarkers, but only a few small studies are in paediatric populations. We calculated the dietary intake of PUFA and their main food sources in children and assessed associations between PUFA intakes and plasma proportions. Dietary intakes of 7-year-old children (n 8242) enrolled in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children were calculated from the parental-completed FFQ. Plasma PUFA were measured in 5571 children 8 months later, and 4380 children had complete dietary and plasma data. The association between dietary and plasma PUFA proportions was estimated using Spearman’s correlation coefficients, quintile cross-classification and Cohen’s κ coefficients. Mean total PUFA intake was 13·2 g/d (sd 4·2), contributing 6·5 % of total energy intake; n-6 PUFA contributed 5·2 % and n-3 PUFA 0·7 %. The n-6:n-3 ratio was 7·9:1. Mean intakes of EPA and DHA were 35·7 mg/d and 49·7 mg/d, respectively. Most n-3 and n-6 PUFA intakes were weakly correlated with their respective plasma lipids (0·07 ≤ r ≤ 0·16, P < 0·001). The correlation between dietary and plasma DHA was stronger though (r = 0·34, P < 0·001), supported by a modest level of agreement between quintiles (k = 0·32). The results indicate that the FFQ was able to reasonably rank the long-chain (LC) PUFA, DHA, in this paediatric population. Public health initiatives need to address the suboptimal ratio of n-6:n-3 PUFA and very low n-3 LC-PUFA intakes in school-age children in the UK.
Identification of IL-6 as a potential mediator of the myocardial fibrosis that occurs in response to surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass in children with Tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Liu Hongtao , Zhang Yun , Wu Zhenhai , Zhang Liangqing 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground:Tetralogy of Fallot is a common CHD. Studies have shown a close link between heart failure and myocardial fibrosis. Interleukin-6 has been suggested to be a post-independent factor of heart failure. This study aimed to explore the relationship between IL-6 and myocardial fibrosis during cardiopulmonary bypass.Material and Methods:We downloaded the expression profile dataset GSE132176 from Gene Expression Omnibus. After normalising the raw data, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis and differential gene expression analysis were performed using R. Further, a weighted gene correlation network analysis and a protein–protein interaction network analysis were used to identify HUB genes. Finally, we downloaded single-cell expression data for HUB genes using PanglaoDB.Results:There were 119 differentially expressed genes in right atrium tissues comparing the post-CPB group with the pre-CPB group. IL-6 was found to be significantly up-regulated in the post-CPB group. Six genes (JUN, FOS, ATF3, EGR1, IL-6, and PTGS2) were identified as HUB genes by a weighted gene correlation network analysis and a protein–protein interaction network analysis. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis showed that IL-6 affects the myocardium during CPB mainly through the JAK/STAT signalling pathway. Finally, we used PanglaoDB data to analyse the single-cell expression of the HUB genes.Conclusion:Our findings suggest that high expression of IL-6 and the activation of the JAK/STAT signalling pathway during CPB maybe the potential mechanism of myocardial fibrosis. We speculate that the high expression of IL-6 might be an important factor leading to heart failure after ToF surgery. We expect that these findings will provide a basis for the development of targeted drugs.
Tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary atresia and aortopulmonary window may mimic common arterial trunk
Authors: Prabhu Sudesh , Keshav Manaswini , Ramachandra Prakash , Raj Vimal , John Colin , Karl Tom R 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary atresia is a group of congenital cardiac malformations, which is defined by the absence of luminal continuity between both ventricles and the pulmonary artery, and an interventricular communication. Pulmonary arterial supply in patients with tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary atresia can be via the arterial duct or from collateral arteries arising directly or indirectly from the aorta (systemic-to-pulmonary artery collaterals), or rarely both. The rarest sources of pulmonary blood flow are aortopulmonary window and fistulous communication with the coronary artery.Herein, we describe an outflow tract malformation, tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary atresia and aortopulmonary window, which was misdiagnosed as common arterial trunk. We emphasise the morphological differences.
HRV analysis: undependability of approximate entropy at locating optimum complexity in malnourished children
Authors: Garner David M. , Barreto Gláucia S. , Valenti Vitor E. , Vanderlei Franciele M. , Porto Andrey A. , Vanderlei Luiz Carlos M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroduction:Approximate Entropy is an extensively enforced metric to evaluate chaotic responses and irregularities of RR intervals sourced from an eletrocardiogram. However, to estimate their responses, it has one major problem – the accurate determination of tolerances and embedding dimensions. So, we aimed to overt this potential hazard by calculating numerous alternatives to detect their optimality in malnourished children.Materials and methods:We evaluated 70 subjects split equally: malnourished children and controls. To estimate autonomic modulation, the heart rate was measured lacking any physical, sensory or pharmacologic stimuli. In the time series attained, Approximate Entropy was computed for tolerance (0.1→0.5 in intervals of 0.1) and embedding dimension (1→5 in intervals of 1) and the statistical significances between the groups by their Cohen’s ds and Hedges’s gs were totalled.Results:The uppermost value of statistical significance accomplished for the effect sizes for any of the combinations was −0.2897 (Cohen’s ds) and −0.2865 (Hedges’s gs). This was achieved with embedding dimension = 5 and tolerance = 0.3.Conclusions:Approximate Entropy was able to identify a reduction in chaotic response via malnourished children. The best values of embedding dimension and tolerance of the Approximate Entropy to identify malnourished children were, respectively, embedding dimension = 5 and embedding tolerance = 0.3. Nevertheless, Approximate Entropy is still an unreliable mathematical marker to regulate this.
Symbols, Community and Contest: Jhatka and Tobacco in the Politics of Sikh Identity
Authors: KAUSHAL ADITYA 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTowards the end of the nineteenth century, the process of community-centric awakening was producing the politics of religious identity, mobilisations, and mutual cultural contests between different communities. Punjab being a province that was inhabited mostly by Muslims, Hindus, and Sikhs witnessed an identity based triangular contest between these religious communities where the political leadership of each community picked up cultural symbols to mobilise, organise, and consolidate their respective constituencies. While presenting an account of the symbolic manoeuvrings around jhatka and tobacco in the politics of Sikh identity during the colonial and post-colonial contexts respectively, this article examines the role of symbols in community-centric discourses wherein cultural differences are transformed into cultural discord or antagonism. Here, it is argued that the meanings communicated and deciphered through such symbols need to be comprehended by locating their articulations in the field of inter-community power relations.
An Improved Representation of Aerosol Wet Removal by Deep Convection and Impacts on Simulated Aerosol Vertical Profiles
Authors: Shan Yunpeng , Liu Xiaohong , Lin Lin , Ke Ziming , Lu Zheng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe introduce a physics‐based aerosol wet removal scheme with unified treatments of aerosol transport and removal by convective clouds into the Community Atmosphere Model version 6. Since several important physical processes are still neglected or poorly represented in this new physics‐based scheme, we develop secondary improvements to the parameterizations of aerosol activation, resuspension, and cloud‐borne aerosol detrainment in this new scheme. Changes in the aerosol wet removal scheme cause tropospheric aerosol concentrations to decrease to different extents: compared to the control run, the physics‐based scheme significantly decreases aerosol burdens by up to 60% over the southern Pacific Ocean, whereas the secondary improvements mitigate the decreasing tendency. The burden changes also depend on aerosol chemical components: the sulfate mass decrease is compensated by secondary production, black carbon (BC) is effectively removed via increasing the hygroscopicity of particulate organic matter from 0 to 0.2, and dust shows the most spatially heterogeneous changes. Simulated aerosol profiles are evaluated against aircraft‐based observations over the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. The secondary‐improved scheme reduces the overestimations of upper tropospheric BC and sea salt concentrations by a factor of 10 and 1,000, respectively, and reproduces the dependence of BC mass decrease rates on cloud types. Consideration of convective cloud‐borne aerosol detrainment plays the most important role in enhancing the aerosol wet removal and decreasing the positive biases of tropospheric BC and sea salt concentrations. We also summarize unresolved issues related to convective cloud genesis and microphysics, cloud‐borne aerosol evolution, and BC and dust emissions.
Precipitating Solar Wind Hydrogen as Observed by the MAVEN Spacecraft: Distribution as a Function of Column Density, Altitude, and Solar Zenith Angle
Authors: Henderson Sarah , Halekas Jasper , Lillis Robert , Elrod Meredith 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) mission observes precipitating solar wind hydrogen ENAs in the upper Martian ionosphere with various instruments onboard. These precipitating solar wind hydrogen atoms result from the direct interaction between the solar wind and Mars's extensive hydrogen corona, creating a beam of particles traveling at solar wind speed that can penetrate deep into the ionosphere of Mars. Using particle data collected by both the Solar Wind Ion Analyzer (SWIA) and Neutral Gas and Ion Mass Spectrometer (NGIMS) onboard MAVEN, we seek to characterize the global behavior of these particles. By using a combination of energy spectra and neutral gas density data, we are able to determine the behavior of this particle population as a function of altitude, column density, and solar zenith angle. Through our analysis, we see that these precipitating solar wind hydrogen ENAs undergo multiple charge exchange interactions and ultimately scatter significantly at an altitude of 160 km or column density of 5 × 1016 cm−2. This observed column density at which equilibrium is reached is at a value ∼17 times greater than the theoretical value. We also demonstrate that this particle population's energy flux follows a cosine dependence of solar zenith angle, as is predicted by models.
Architecture, Kinematics, and Tectonic Evolution of the Principal Cordillera of the Andes in Central Chile (∼33.5°S): Insights From Detrital Zircon U‐Pb Geochronology and Seismotectonics Implications
Authors: Mardones Verónica , Peña Matías , Pairoa Sebastián , Ammirati Jean‐Baptiste , Leisen Mathieu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe assess the role of inherited structures on the Meso‐Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the main Andean Cordillera in central Chile (33°30′S‐34°S). Based on extensive field mapping, U‐Pb geochronology and palinspastic restorations along the Yeso and Volcán river valleys, we propose a tectono‐stratigraphic model for the evolution of a hybrid fold‐and‐thrust belt, originated from the inversion of Mesozoic extensional basins. With these results, we highlight the structural graben configuration of the Yeguas Muertas and Nieves Negras depocenters, as evidenced by synextensional deposition of the Río Damas and Lo Valdés Formations, controlled by normal faulting. The uppermost Cretaceous evolution can be approached through the analysis of the Las Coloradas Unit (ULC), which overlies the volcanic rocks of the upper Colimapu Formation and can be correlated, north of 32°S, with the Juncal Formation, and south of 35°S, with the Plan Los Yeuques Formation. The contractional Neogene‐Quaternary deformation in the fold‐and‐thrust belt domain studied in this work, accommodated 27–28 km of minimum crustal shortening. The Neogene‐Quaternary deformation that generated the final uplift of the Andes, has a close relationship with preexisting inverted Mesozoic structures. These structures deform the volcano‐sedimentary Abanico Formation, deposited since the late Eocene, based on new U‐Pb detrital zircon data. We propose that the active seismicity observed in the eastern border of the Principal Cordillera, located to the east of Santiago, can be associated with major crustal faults, as the Estero de Yeguas Muertas‐Baños Colina fault system and the Chacayes‐Yesillo fault.
Syn‐Subduction Strike‐Slip Faults Shape an Accretionary Orogen and its Provenance Signatures: Insights From Sikhote‐Alin in NE Asia During the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous
Authors: Liu Kai , Xiao Wenjiao , Wilde Simon A. , Zhang Jinjiang , Alexandrov Igor , Kasatkin Sergey A. , Ge Maohui 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSedimentary rocks provide key information on source‐to‐sink systems and the regional expression of plate tectonics. The abruptly changing provenance signature of sedimentary rocks is commonly ascribed to changes in the source regions, such as continental collision events, the rise of mountain chains, reorganization of river systems and climatic change. However, moving the positions of the sinks (depocenters) geographically can also change the provenance record, but this is rarely considered. Typically, large‐scale strike‐slip faults can transport depocenters for long distances, thus altering the provenance information. In this study, we present a systematic investigation of the provenance changes in the Sikhote‐Alin orogenic belt in the Russian Far East to evaluate this process. The Central Sikhote‐Alin Fault is a margin‐parallel strike‐slip fault that developed along the NE Asian continental margin from the late Mesozoic. Our new detrital zircon U‐Pb data, together with a compilation of geochronological data, indicate two different types of provenance signatures available: the sediments to the west of the fault were mainly derived from the adjacent Central Asian Orogenic Belt, but to the east of the fault, they were mainly supplied from the Korean Peninsula, which is several hundred kilometers away. It is proposed that these different sedimentary rocks were juxtaposed by syn‐ and post‐subduction sinistral displacements along the fault, and were not related to local variations in the source regions. Thus, understanding the shifting positions of depocenters is important when decoding provenance change because lateral displacement is critical for reconstructing regional paleogeography along oblique convergent plate margins.
Characteristics of the Basal Interface of the Martian South Polar Layered Deposits
Authors: Khuller Aditya R. , Plaut Jeffrey J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe expand on previous studies of the South Polar Layered Deposits' (SPLD) basal interface using data acquired by the Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionospheric Sounding (MARSIS) to obtain detailed maps of elevation, topography, and reflected radar power. Using these maps, we derive the thickness (ranging from 0 to 3.7 km) and volume of the SPLD (∼1.60 × 106 km3). While most basal interfaces reflect less power than the average SPLD surface, areas with basal echo power exceeding that of the surface are widespread throughout the SPLD, including at the location of potential subglacial water bodies in Ultimi Scopuli. The occurrence of these high basal echo power signatures appears to be largely frequency independent in MARSIS data. While the cause of the relatively high basal echo power values is uncertain, our observations suggest that this behavior is widespread, and not unique to Ultimi Scopuli.