bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IMMUNOGENICITY OF MONOCOCCUM WHEAT IN CELIAC PATIENTS
Authors: Iaquinto Gaetano , Giardullo Nicola , Aufiero Vera Rotondi , Preziuso Marco , Bevilacqua Rosa Maria , Mazzarella Giuseppe 
Published: June 2021

INTRODUCTIONResearch is intense to find wheat varieties of low or null toxicity for patients with celiac disease (CD). Among candidates there are diploid wheat species.AIMS&METHODSWe aimed to investigate the immunological properties of two accessions of diploid monococcum wheat (T.monococcum ), Monlis and ID331, as compared with hexaploid common wheat (T. aestivum). Interferon‐g (IFN‐g) production and proliferation of intestinal common wheat gliadin‐specific T cell lines and clones were measured as evidence of T cell activation by peptic‐tryptic (PT) digests of gliadins from the two monococcum lines. Furthermore, organ cultures of jejunal biopsies from 28 CD patients were set up to assess the effect of PT‐gliadin on innate and adaptive immune response by immunohistochemistry.RESULTSBoth Monlis and ID331 induced IFN‐γ production and proliferation in celiac mucosal T cells. In organ culture studies, Monlis PT‐digest was able to induce a significant increase of IL15 epithelial expression and crypt enterocyte proliferation, while ID331 had no effect. Both monococcum accessions induced intraepithelial T cells infiltration and lamina propria T cells activation.CONCLUSIONOur data show that both monococcum accessions, Monlis and ID331, activate celiac disease T cell response, suggesting that, most likely, these ancient crops are not tolerated by celiac patients. However, it remains to be ascertained whether ID331 is less effective in inducing CD because of its inability to activate the innate immune pathways.Grant Funding Source: ASPET Young Scientist Travel Awards
Factors associated with alcohol drinking in Puerto Rican adults residing in Boston, Massachusetts
Authors: Chavez Johanna Yvonne Andrews , Houser Robert F. , Lee Christina S. , Tucker Katherine L. 
Published: June 2021

Most research on patterns and predictors of alcohol consumption in the United States (US) comes from studies on the largest subgroups, including Mexican Americans. Little is known about drinking patterns among Puerto Ricans within the US. This study used data from the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study (n=1504) to evaluate self‐reported drinking frequencies in a sample of Puerto Rican adults (45–75 y). Descriptive analysis and polytomous logistic regression analyses identified factors related to drinking patterns. Heavy drinking (HD) was reported by 15% of men and 4% of women; former drinking (FD), 40% of men and 25% of women; abstention (AB), 8% of men and 40% of women; and moderate drinking (MD), 37% of men and 31% of women. After multivariable adjustment, male HD and AB were significantly younger. Male FD were more likely to use contraindicated medications and have high allostatic load than MD. For women, an association between acculturation and drinking was found for HD but not MD. Among women, HD was associated with language acculturation, lower body mass index (BMI) and no diabetes; AB with age, higher BMI, lower income and less psychological acculturation; and FD with older age, higher BMI and less perceived emotional support. As HD appears to increase with acculturation for women, public health initiatives are needed to support appropriate alcohol use.Research support: NIH grants P01 AG023394 and P50 HL105185Grant Funding Source: NIH grants P01 AG023394 and P50 HL105185
How social relationships influence even “small” eating behavior changes: Low‐income urban adults’ experiences in a pilot weight loss intervention
Authors: Eldridge Johanna D.C. , Devine Carol M. 
Published: June 2021

Small eating behavior changes (SEBCs) are proposed as more feasible to make & sustain than larger changes typical of traditional behavioral weight loss interventions. This qualitative analysis focuses on how the social environment impacts the experience of SEBC in a 12 week pilot weight loss intervention. Interviews with 46 men & women (mean age 51, mean initial BMI 34kg/m2, 56% Black, 41% Hispanic) investigated challenges, facilitators, & the role of social interactions in making one participant‐selected SEBC. Verbatim transcripts were analyzed using the constant comparative method. Emergent themes included work & family demands, food roles & responsibilities, home food environment, & network responses to intervention involvement acting as both barriers & facilitators. Participants also discussed strategies used to negotiate SEBCs in the social environment & navigate challenges, including selective disclosure of intervention involvement, integrating SEBCs into social settings, & asserting food control. Gender differences were reported: men were less likely to report family influence & more likely to report strategies to navigate their social environment. Small EBC interventions should (1) consider the impact of the social environment & (2) help participants develop strategies to identify & navigate social barriers to EBC.Grant Funding Source: NHLBI, USDA Ecology of Obesity Training Grant
Food group consumption and its association with BMI z‐score, ethnicity and socioeconomic characteristics in recent immigrants
Authors: Choumenkovitch Silvina Furlong , Tovar Alison , Gute David M , Must Aviva , Hyatt Raymond R , Rogers Gail , Pirie Alex , Metayer Nesly , Economos Christina D 
Published: June 2021

Immigrants represent a rising proportion of the US population and are disproportionally affected by obesity. We analyzed baseline data from 333 women (19–55 y) participating in Live Well, a community‐based, participatory, randomized controlled lifestyle intervention to prevent undesirable weight gain in mother/child dyads from Brazil, Haiti and other Latin American countries living in the Boston Area. Food group intakes were assessed using two 24‐h recalls. General linear models were used to calculate adjusted prevalence of meeting 50% of USDA recommended whole‐grain servings and 100% of recommended servings for other food groups by socioeconomic variables and weight. BMI decreased across quartiles of low fat dairy intake only among Latinas (P trend=0.01) and increased across quartiles of fruit intake only among participants classified as obese (P trend=0.004). Prevalence of meeting food group recommendations was significantly lower in Haitians compared to Latinas for whole grains (9% vs. 29%), compared to Brazilians for dairy (0% vs. 10%), compared to Latinas and Brazilians for non‐starchy vegetables (14 vs. 44 and 36%, respectively) and for vegetables (10 vs. 35 and 27%, respectively). Prevalence of meeting recommendations for nons‐tarchy vegetables increased with education (P trend=0.02). Adhering to dietary recommendations was strongly determined by ethnicity in this group of recent immigrants.Support was provided by NIH grant RO1HD057841
Increase in physical activity among Central Brooklyn residents participating in an incentive‐based walking program
Authors: Hoy‐Rosas Jamillah R , Klein Brett 
Published: June 2021

IntroThe “Brooklyn‐Stay Well, Enjoy Life” (B‐SWEL) program is a grant‐funded initiative sponsored by the Office of Minority Health that will provide 1,200 Central Brooklyn residents with screening, education, and diabetes prevention services over 3 years. Clients receive individual case management and group services to help them achieve weight loss, reduce blood pressure and control blood sugar. StudyObjectiveIncrease physical activity level of participants with pre‐diabetes and diabetes through enrollment in incentive‐based walking clubMethodsB‐SWEL participants received a pedometer that tracked their daily steps for 7 days. Participants were offered 3–4 occasions per week to participate in an hour‐long neighborhood group walk. Participants received two different incentive‐types over time (monthly+weekly or monthly‐only.Results15 participants enrolled at the start of the study. 6 participants completed. Average number of monthly steps of the participants during the monthly+weekly incentive period was 356,923 and during the monthly‐only incentive period was 509,286 and attendance increased from 40 to 51 walks completed, respectively.ConclusionIncentive‐based walking programs conducted in community‐based settings are an important way to increase physical activity. Incentives do not need to be high to achieve desirable results.
EVIDENCE‐BASED MEDICINE IN NUTRITION
Authors: Tuleshova Gulnara , Abduldayeva Aigul , Derbissalina Gulmira , Delellis Nailya , Kazbekova Ainagul 
Published: June 2021

Currently, many studies are conducted, and their results again confirmed the correctness of “nutritional standards”, which recommend at least 5 servings of fruit and vegetables daily. One of the possible prognostic factors of atherosclerosis are s biochemical markers of inflammation like C‐reactive protein (CRP), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and alpha‐tumor necrosis factor (TNF alpha). It was established credible feedback the CRP with the consumption of fruits, vitamin C and folate in the diet, IL‐6 ‐ with the consumption of legumes, vegetables, beta‐carotene and vitamin C, alpha‐TNF ‐ beta‐carotene and luteolin. With regard to this indicator of oxidative stress, F2‐isoprostane as then showed an inverse correlation to urinary excretion of the total amount of fruits and vegetables, vitamin C, beta‐carotene and flavonoids. And the greatest beneficial effect on the studied parameters provides the early consumption of fruit and vegetables since youth.According to WHO, the diseases caused by deficiency of nutrients, is approximately 75–80% of all known diseases, and socioeconomic damage is great also. There is a direct and constant lack of even trace amounts of micro‐and macronutrients necessary for normal life, can cause and exacerbate many diseases. To compensate for this condition it is necessary to optimize the introduction of healthy food products.
Changes on determinants of feeding behavior after a summer workshop “Jugando a Ganar Salud “in Mexican children from low socioeconomic status
Authors: Vergara‐Castañeda Arely , Moreno‐Landa Luz Irene , Perez‐Lizaur Ana B 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of a two‐years follow up summer workshop on the nutrition knowledge, availability, preference and self‐efficacy in a group of Mexican school aged children from low socioeconomic status.Material and MethodsIn this cohort study, 14 school‐aged children (7 boys and 7 girls) registered in a summer workshop implemented in a low socioeconomic status area in México City. Children were asked to complete a questionnaire to measure dimensions of eating behavior focused on four components: knowledge, preferences, food availability and self‐efficacy, asking about fruit and vegetables consumption as well as feeding schedule. Also, anthropometrics were obtained and Body Mass Index (BMI) and Waist‐to‐Height Ratio (WtHR) were calculated. Descriptive statistics, X2 tests, Friedman and Wilcoxon analysis were performed. A p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsA prevalence of 14.31% of children with cardiovascular risk was observed, using WtHR (p=0.308). In relation of the determinants of feeding behavior an improvement in the knowledge (p<0.001) and self‐efficacy were sustained over time (p<0.001) meanwhile preferences and availability remained without changes. It was observed a trend of improvement for all feeding behavior determinants higher in girls compared with boys.ConclusionsThere is little evidence that dietary habits persist after an nutrition education intervention, in a sample of Mexican children of low socioeconomic status who attended a summer workshop, the changes of knowledge and self‐efficacy, considered as determinants of feeding behavior are maintained over time, after a two years follow‐up.Grant Funding Source: Universidad Iberoamericana
Relationships between infant morbidity, iron deficiency and growth
Authors: Radhakrishna KV , Balakrishna N , Nair K Madhavan , Fernandez‐Rao S , Ravinder P , Hurley K M , Tilton N , Harding K , Reinhart G , Black M M 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo examine how caregiver infant morbidity reports relate to biomarkers of inflammation, iron deficiency and infant growth.MethodsAmong 497 infants age 6–12 months, morbidity was collected by 15 day caregiver recall. Biomarkers for iron deficiency (ID; ferritin< 12) and inflammation (CRP: C ‐ reactive protein >; 10mg/L); and anthropometry (measured weight and length) were collected. Stunting (HAZ<−2), wasting (WHZ <−2), and underweight (WAZ<−2) were computed using WHO standards. Chi‐square and multivariate logistic regression, adjusting for maternal anthropometry and education, child age, and household assets, were conducted.ResultsAmong infants, 20% were stunted, 10% were wasted, 19% were underweight, 28% were ID, and 56% had an elevated CRP. Maternal reports of infant fever (35%) was related to elevated CRP and ID (p< 0.05), cough (28%) and diarrhea (11%) were related to elevated CRP (p< 0.05). In multivariate logistic models, ID (OR: 2.33; CI: 1.15–4.73) and fever (OR: 2.69; CI: 1.31–5.49) were related to wasting, and elevated CRP was related to stunting (OR=1.96; CI: 1.18–3.25)ConclusionFindings suggest that caregiver reports of recent infant morbidity relate to biomarkers of inflammation and ID, and that all three relate to poor growth in infantsResearch Support; Mathile Institute & Micronutrient Initiative
Consumption Rate of a Whole‐Food Macronutient Supplement for Adults Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy in Kenya
Authors: Nudel Jacob Devin , Ndirangu Murugi , Sheriff Muhsin , Arpadi Stephen , Hawken Mark , Deckelbaum Richard J , El Sadr Wafaa , Sztam Kevin A 
Published: June 2021

There are scant data quantifying household utilization of macronutrient supplements distributed to HIV‐infected patients in developing settings. In 77 HIV infected adults initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART), we analyzed consumption rates for a 5‐item local food basket given monthly for 24 weeks, designed to provide a family of five 50% of daily energy needs. Food items were weighed at homes at 12 weeks. Actual consumption rates were compared to target rates based on recommended supplement intake amount per household.To meet energy needs of the patient, the target consumption rate was 7555 kcal/day per household. Households consumed a mean of 18957 kcal/day (SD 29751) and the mean consumption rate per household member was 5281 kcal/day (SD 10606). 64% of households exceeded the target household consumption rate. Mean total energy consumption rate was 2.51 times the target rate. Consumption rates of individual items (whole/milled maize, beans, mixed porridge, oil) were similar suggesting patients proportionally rationed food. Based on consumption rates, households lacked supplement for a mean 16.8 days per 28 day cycle.Consumption rates were higher than expected, possibly due to sharing, cost shifting, food insecurity or underestimates of dietary intake during ART. This is the first study to quantify food utilization in HIV‐affected households receiving supplements in a resource‐limited area.Grant Funding Source: Operations Research in AIDS Care and Treatment in Africa, Doris Duke Charitable Foundation
Rate of participation in bi‐monthly, community‐based screening for acute malnutrition in rural Mali, and factors associated with screening participation
Authors: Ackatia‐Armah Robert , McDonald Christine M , Doumbia Seydou , Peerson Janet M , Brown Kenneth H 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundPopulation‐based protocols for the treatment of acute malnutrition (AM) usually recommend periodic screening of pre‐school aged children and referral of those with AM to the nearest health care facility for out‐patient or in‐patient treatment.ObjectiveTo evaluate the rate of participation in community‐based screening for AM, and to examine factors associated with participation.Methods7664 children living in communities linked to 12 health centers in rural Mali were identified through a community‐based census and invited to participate in 5 bi‐monthly rounds of screening for AM. Eligibility was defined as age 6–35 mo and free from AM during previous screening. AM was defined as a mid‐upper arm circumference (MUAC) < 12.5 cm or weight‐for‐length Z‐score (WLZ) < −2.0 of the 2006 WHO Growth Standards.ResultsThe prevalence of moderate AM and severe AM in 5 rounds of screening was 18% (95% CI: 17%, 20%) and 4% (95% CI: 3%, 5%), respectively. Of those eligible to participate in ≥ 1 round, 67% (95% CI: 59%, 75%) participated at least once; of those eligible to participate in all 5 rounds, only 4% (95% CI: 3%, 6%) participated in all 5. Factors significantly associated with greater participation in screening were younger age, ethnic group and selected wealth indicators (p<0.001 for each). For age, rate of participation was 73% for children aged 6–11 mo, 68% for children aged 12–23 mo, and 55% for children aged 24–35 mo.ConclusionsContinuous participation in screening for AM was very low. Programs should reconsider the optimal frequency of screening and how best to motivate participation, particularly among older pre‐school aged children.Grant Funding Source: UNICEF, Helen Keller International
Infant and young child Feeding practices in rural India: A community based formative research
Authors: Anwar Fahmina , Srivastava ratan , Singh shri prakash 
Published: June 2021

Adequate complementary feeding (CF) is an important preventive intervention against child mortality. To intervene this area a community based prospective cohort study was conducted among Mother & child pair of 7–24 months, for a period of 4 months using formative research. The study was conducted in 2 villages of Varanasi district, India. Two Focus group discussion and structured interview schedule from 107 mothers was used to elicit information on CF. Complementary feeding Index (CFI) developed, was used to assess adequacy of CF Practice. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS (13.0). Result revealed sub optimal practices in the study subject. The mean ± standard deviation (SD) CFI score was 6.32 (+−0.83). Using CFI identified that children had poor diet diversity with only 25% being fed recommended number of food group. Analysis of Nutritional status revealed 50.4 % of the children were stunted (length for age <−2SD), 34.5% were underweight (weight for age <−2SD} and 31.7% were wasted (weight for age <−2SD). Significant association was observed (p<0.05) between CFI score and length for age. Multivariate analysis shows socio economic status, breastfeeding practices and Parity were significant (p<0.05) determinants of CFI score. Intervention through formative research is feasible and results in a positive impact on CFI scores 8.63(+−0.91).Grant Funding Source: university grant commision
Global anaemia trends in children and women of reproductive age
Authors: De‐Regil Luz Maria , Stevens Gretchen A , Finucane Mariel M , Paciorek Christopher J , Flaxman Seth R , Branca Francesco , Pena‐Rosas Juan Pablo , Bhutta Zulfiqar A , Ezzati Majid 
Published: June 2021

Anaemia affects women's and children's health and development. Countries have committed to address this condition and halve its prevalence in women of reproductive age by 2025. We estimated the trends in the distributions of blood haemoglobin and the prevalence of anaemia and severe anaemia for children 6–59 months of age, non‐pregnant women and pregnant women for the period 1995–2011. We collated population‐representative data on haemoglobin and/or anaemia prevalence and used a Bayesian hierarchical mixture model to estimate haemoglobin distributions, systematically addressing missing data, non‐linear time trends, and representativeness of data sources. We quantified the uncertainty of the estimates.In 2011, the global prevalence of anaemia was 29% (95% uncertainty interval 24, 36) in non‐pregnant women, 37% (31, 43) in pregnant women, and 42% (36, 48) in children. Anaemia prevalence was highest in WHO Regions of South‐East Asia, Africa, and Eastern Mediterranean, though these regions experienced improvements, particularly in severe anaemia and in those countries where this condition is highly prevalent. During 1995–2011, anaemia prevalence declined by 4 to 6 percentage points in these groups. There is a need to redouble efforts to successfully escalate the implementation of effective interventions in order to achieve the global target for anaemia reduction.
Predicted plasma 25‐hydroxyvitamin D and risk of renal cell cancer
Authors: Joh Hee‐Kyung , Giovannucci Edward L , Bertrand Kimberly A , Lim Soo , Cho Eunyoung 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundAlthough the kidney is a primary organ for vitamin D metabolism, the association between vitamin D and renal cell cancer (RCC) remains unclear.MethodsWe prospectively evaluated the association between predicted plasma 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and RCC risk among 72,051 women and 46,380 men from 1986 to 2008. Predicted plasma 25(OH)D scores were computed using validated regression models that included major determinants of vitamin D status (race, UV‐B flux, physical activity, body mass index, vitamin D intake, alcohol consumption, and post‐menopausal hormone use in women). Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using Cox proportional hazards models. All statistical tests were two‐sided.ResultsDuring 22 years of follow‐up, we documented 201 cases of incident RCC in women and 207 cases in men. The multivariable HRs between extreme quintiles of predicted 25(OH)D score were 0.51 (95% CI 0.32–0.80) in women, 0.59 (95% CI 0.37–0.94) in men, and 0.55 (95% CI 0.39–0.76; Ptrend < .0001) in the pooled cohorts. An increment of 10 ng/ml in predicted 25(OH)D score was associated with a 43% lower incidence of RCC (pooled HR 0.57; 95% CI 0.43–0.77). We found no significant association between vitamin D intake and RCC incidence.ConclusionHigher predicted plasma 25(OH)D levels were associated with a significantly lower risk of RCC in men and women.
Magnesium intake is associated with greater bone mineral density but not protective against fractures in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study (WHI‐OS)
Authors: Orchard Tonya S. , Larson Joseph , Cauley Jane , Chen Zhao , LaCroix Andrea , Wactawski‐Wende Jean , Jackson Rebecca D. 
Published: June 2021

Magnesium (Mg) is a component of healthy bone but the relation of Mg to fracture risk is unclear. The aim of this study was to examine Mg intake as a risk factor for osteoporotic fractures as well as altered bone mineral density (BMD).This prospective cohort study included 73,684 postmenopausal women from the WHI‐OS. Mg intake was estimated from baseline food frequency questionnaires plus supplement use. Hip fractures were confirmed by medical record review; other fractures were self‐reported.Incidences and relative risks of hip and total fractures were not significantly different across quintiles (Q) of Mg intake. However, risk of lower arm/wrist fractures increased with increasing Mg [multi‐variate adjusted hazard ratios (HR) Q4: 1.15 (95% CI 1.01, 1.32) and Q5: 1.23 (95% CI 1.07, 1.42); p for trend 0.048]. Additionally, women in Q4 and Q5 were more physically active and were at higher risk for falls (HR Q4: 1.11; 95% CI 1.06, 1.16; and Q5: 1.15; 95% CI 1.10, 1.20; p for trend <0.001). There was a 3% higher hip BMD, and a 2% higher whole body BMD in women consuming >;422.5 mg/d of Mg versus <206.5 mg/d (p <0.001).In conclusion, lower BMD of the hip and whole body were associated with lower Mg intake but this did not translate into increased risk of fractures. Mg consumption slightly greater than the RDA was associated with increased falls and lower arm/wrist fractures, possibly related to more physical activity in this group of women.