bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testing solar surface flux transport models in the first days after active region emergence
Authors: Gottschling N. , Schunker H. , Birch A. C. , Cameron R. , Gizon L. 
Published: December 2021

Context.Active regions (ARs) play an important role in the magnetic dynamics of the Sun. Solar surface flux transport models (SFTMs) are used to describe the evolution of the radial magnetic field at the solar surface. The models are kinematic in the sense that the radial component of the magnetic field behaves as passively advected corks. There is, however, uncertainty about using these models in the early stage of AR evolution, where dynamic effects might be important.Aims.We aim to test the applicability of SFTMs in the first days after the emergence of ARs by comparing them with observations. The models we employ range from passive evolution to models where the inflows around ARs are included.Methods.We simulated the evolution of the surface magnetic field of 17 emerging ARs using a local surface flux transport simulation. The regions were selected such that they did not form fully fledged sunspots that exhibit moat flows. The simulation included diffusion and advection by a velocity field, for which we tested different models. For the flow fields, we used observed flows from local correlation tracking of solar granulation, as well as parametrizations of the inflows around ARs based on the gradient of the magnetic field. To evaluate our simulations, we measured the cross correlation between the observed and the simulated magnetic field, as well as the total unsigned flux of the ARs, over time. We also tested the validity of our simulations by varying the starting time relative to the emergence of flux.Results.We find that the simulations using observed surface flows can reproduce the evolution of the observed magnetic flux. The effect of buffeting the field by supergranulation can be described as a diffusion process. The SFTM is applicable after 90% of the peak total unsigned flux of the AR has emerged. Diffusivities in the range betweenD = 250–720 km2s−1are consistent with the evolution of the AR flux in the first five days after this time. We find that the converging flows around emerging ARs are not important for the evolution of the total flux of the AR in these first five days; their effect of increasing flux cancellation is balanced by the decrease in flux transport away from the AR.
Editorial
Authors: Wessinghage Thomas , Morsch Arne 
Published: December 2021

Liebe Leserinnen und Leser,wir, die Deutsche Hochschule für Prävention und Gesundheitsmanagement
(DHfPG), freuen uns sehr, die Gasteditorenschaft der letzten Ausgabe der B&G
im Jahr 2021 übernehmen zu dürfen. Die DHfPG ist eine durch den
Wissenschaftsrat institutionell akkreditierte, staatlich anerkannte private
Hochschule. Sie ist mit über 8.400 Studierenden eine der
größten Bildungseinrichtungen in den Zukunftsfeldern
Prävention, Gesundheit, Fitness und Sport in Deutschland.
Patientin mit oligoartikulärer JIA und ungewöhnlichem Handgelenksbefund
Authors: Lieber Mareike 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungDie juvenile idiopathische Arthritis (JIA) ist eine chronisch-entzündliche Erkrankung, die häufig zu Wachstumsproblemen wie Valgus- oder Varusdeformitäten der Extremitäten führt, insbesondere wenn sie sich in der frühen Kindheit manifestiert. Außerdem kann eine chronische Entzündung in Bewegungseinschränkungen der Gelenke und Gelenkdeformitäten wie zum Beispiel einer Bajonettstellung des Handgelenkes resultieren. Vorgestellt wird eine Patientin mit frühkindlicher JIA, die nach Jahren einer therapiefreien Remission Valgusdeformitäten der unteren und oberen Extremität sowie Bewegungseinschränkungen der Handgelenke zeigte, denen eine nicht-entzündliche Genese zu Grunde lag.
Über Professionelle Beziehungen zu Haustieren und ihren
Besitzern: Die Tiermedizinische Triade und ihre Folgen für die
Balintarbeit
Authors: Van Geenhoven Veerle 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungAnders als bei den üblichen Arzt-Patient-Beziehungen in der Humanmedizin,
trifft man in der tiermedizinischen Praxis immer auf eine Dreiergruppe,
bestehend aus einem Tierarzt, einem Tierpatienten und seinem Besitzer. Ein
besseres Verständnis dieser Triade und der Ontologie, die ihr zugrunde
liegt, bietet sowohl veterinär- als auch humanmedizinischen Kollegen
eine neue Perspektive auf ihre professionellen Beziehungen und auf das, was sie
darin emotional belastet. Denn überall, wo Angehörige oder
Vormunde eines Patienten – egal ob Mensch oder Tier – mitreden
möchten, dürfen oder gar müssen, nehmen für den
Arzt die Komplexität und die Gesamtbelastung seiner Beziehung zum
Patienten unvermeidbar zu. Die tiermedizinische Triade öffnet zudem
einen in der Balintarbeit bis dato unbetretenen Raum, nämlich den der
artenübergreifenden Beziehung zwischen Mensch und Tier. Haustiere nehmen
oft eine wichtige und unersetzbare Rolle im Leben ihrer Besitzer ein. Die
Bearbeitung tiermedizinischer Falldarstellungen in Balintgruppen könnte
ein erster Anstoß dafür sein, dass in Zukunft Tiere und
Beziehungen zu Tieren innerhalb der Balintarbeit wie selbstverständlich
thematisiert und wertgeschätzt werden.
Structural and Process Data on Radiological Imaging in the Treatment of Severely Injured Patients – Results of a Survey of Level I and II Trauma Centers in Germany
Authors: Ernstberger Antonio , Reske Stefan Ulrich , Brandl Alexandra , Kulla Martin , Huber-Wagner Stefan , Popp Daniel , Kerschbaum Maximilian , Dendl Lena Marie , Braunschweig Rainer , Schreyer Andreas G. 
Published: December 2021

Purpose Systematic data collection regarding the integration of radiology as well as structural and process characteristics of radiological diagnostics of severely injured patients in Germany using a structured questionnaire.
Materials and Methods Personal contact with all certified Level I and Level II Trauma Centers in Germany. Data on infrastructure, composition of the trauma room team, equipment, and data on the organization/performance of primary major trauma diagnostics were collected.
Results With a participation rate of 46.9 % (n = 151) of all German trauma centers (N = 322), a solid database is available. There were highly significant differences in the structural characteristics incl. CT equipment between the level I and II centers: In 63.8 % of the level II centers, the CT unit was located more than 50 m away from the trauma room (34.2 % in the level I centers). A radiologist was part of the trauma room team in 59.5 % of level II centers (level I 88.1 %). Additionally, highly significant differences were found comparing 24-h provision of other radiologic examinations and interventions, such as MRI (level II 44.9 %, level I 92.8 %) and angiography (level II 69.2 %, level I 97.1 %).
Conclusion Heterogeneous structural and process characteristics of the diagnosis of severely injured patients in Germany were revealed, with highly significant differences between level I and level II centers.
Key Points:
Citation Format
Krankheitsängste bei
Epilepsiepatient*innen
Authors: Roth-Rawald Julia , Friedrich Juliane , Straub Hans Beatus , Weck Florian 
Published: December 2021

Zusammenfassung
Theoretischer Hintergrund Das Vorhandensein einer organischen
Grunderkrankung erschwerte lange die Diagnostik von krankheitsbezogenen
Ängsten. Untersuchungen zeigen, dass ein erheblicher Anteil somatisch
Erkrankter unter beeinträchtigenden Krankheitsängsten
leidet.
Fragestellung Es wurden Epilepsiepatient*innen untersucht,
für die bisher keine Daten zu Krankheitsängsten vorlagen.
Methode 76 Epilepsiepatient*innen wurden hinsichtlich ihrer
Belastung (Mini-SCL), den Ängsten vor einem Voranschreiten der
Erkrankung (PA-F) sowie hypochondrischen Merkmalen (MIHT) untersucht.
Ergebnis Epilepsiepatient*innen waren nicht belasteter und
ängstlicher als Normstichproben, zugleich lagen bei 28%
(Gesamtbelastung) bis 45% (Ängstlichkeit) der Befragten klinisch
auffällige Werte vor. Im Vergleich zu anderen somatischen
Diagnosegruppen waren Progredienzängste gering ausgeprägt.
Hypochondrietypische Merkmale fanden sich bei 7% (perzeptuell) bis
13% (affektiv/behavioral) der Befragten.
Schlussfolgerung Ein erhöhtes Bewusstsein für
Krankheitsängste kann helfen, die Versorgung und Lebensqualität
von Epilepsiepatient*innen zu verbessern.
Research on multi-point connection of under-chassis equipment suspension system in high-speed trains
Authors: Sun Yu , Zhou Jinsong , Gong Dao , You Taiwen , Chen Jiangxue 
Published: December 2021

A power dispersive high-speed electric multiple-unit (EMU) train requires the installation of traction equipment under the carbody. As the speed of high-speed trains increases, the demand for traction power is increasing, and the weight and size of the equipment have increased accordingly. To adapt to the research and development of higher-speed EMU trains, this research proposes the use of a multi-point connection scheme for installing the under-chassis equipment. First, the static deflection and supporting reaction force of each hanging point are obtained based on static analysis, and it is found that increasing the number of connection points is beneficial for reducing the static stiffness requirement of each rubber element. Then, an energy decoupling degree is introduced, and an optimization design method for the hanging point stiffness is proposed based on the energy decoupling degree and optimal vertical suspension frequency. Finally, a rigid-flexible coupling dynamics simulation model is established to analyze the vibration characteristics of the carbody and equipment after decoupling and optimization of the multi-point suspension schemes. The research results show that after the decoupling optimization, the vibration amplitude in the middle of the carbody is effectively reduced, and the ride quality of the carbody is improved. The difference in the number of hanging points has little effect on the vibration performance of the carbody, but increasing the number of hanging points is beneficial for reducing the dynamic supporting reaction forces of the hanging components, thereby reducing the dynamic stress of the rubber elements.
Coherent control of optical soliton interaction via electromagnetically induced transparency with spatial modulation
Authors: Zhang Yundong , Tian Xiangchun , Duan Yu , Liu Shengyan , Ding Zihao , Tan Chaohua 
Published: December 2021

We propose a scheme to realize the coherent control of optical soliton propagation and interaction in a three level Λ type electromagnetically induced transparency system with the control field being spatially modulated. We show that the spatial perturbation of the control field has no influence on the linear propagation properties and self-phase modulation of the probe field but can produce an equivalent external potential to affect the nonlinear propagation of the probe field. For single soliton propagation, we realize the transmission and trapping of optical solitons via external potential. For double soliton interaction, we realize the coherent control of attractive and repulsion interactions of two optical solitons and design an XNOR logical operation. Finally, for the triple soliton incident case, based on the coherent control of interaction between three solitons via external potential, we design a beam selector. The results obtained here are useful not only for the deep understanding of optical soliton interaction but also for applications in all optical quantum information processing.
Single-cell quantification of a broad RNA spectrum reveals unique noncoding patterns associated with cell types and states
Authors: Isakova Alina , Neff Norma , Quake Stephen R. 
Published: December 2021

Significance
Each individual cell transcribes nearly 85% of the genome. However, when it comes to the analysis of cellular RNA, most studies are still only looking at the 3% that correspond to protein-coding transcripts. The role and abundance of the remaining RNAs across individual cells remain largely unknown. In the present study we describe Smart-seq-total, an RNA-sequencing method that delivers a broad picture of the total cellular RNA content. Using Smart-seq-total, we analyzed the content of hundreds of human and mouse cells and showed that the noncoding RNA content of cells significantly differs across cell types and dynamically changes throughout the vital processes of a cell, such as cell cycle and cell differentiation.
Melodic-prosodic duality of the syllable
Authors: Liang Yuan , Wee Lian-Hee 
Published: December 2021

AbstractImplicit in all current theories of the syllable is some assumption of the internal configuration. Prevalent among these are the onset-rime (OR) and the moraic (μ) models, both supported by rather different types of evidence. The OR model favors an interpretation whereconstituency is exhaustive until the level of the segment which itself is a temporal unit with which melodic features associate. The μ-model distinguishes only what is non-moraic from what is moraic so that sub-syllabic constituency is an accidental result of projecting to/from the same mora. This paper postulates a more fundamentalsegment-melodycomplex that projects into two different dimensions: melody and prosody, thus capturing the insights of both the OR and μ-models through the separation of constituency issues with prosodic ones. This approach has direct applications in figuring out two long-standing conundrums in Chinese: the status of the medial glide and the prosodic properties of tonelessness. Thesegment-melodycomplex also predicts mismatches in moraicity and syllabicity as well as the mediating effect of the skeletal slots between the melodic root nodes and their moraic status.
Referring to arbitrary entities with placeholders
Authors: Seraku Tohru 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A speaker/writer uses a placeholder (PH) to fill in the syntactic slot of a target word when she has no immediate access to the word or prefers to avoid explicitly mentioning it for contextual reasons. In the present article, I point out a hitherto understudied usage of PHs: a speaker/writer who does not have in mind a specific target form may use a PH to refer to an arbitrary entity (e.g. person, object, action, event, proposition). I substantiate this claim by analysing a variety of original data on Japanese wh-derived PHs. Further evidence for this claim comes from a cross-linguistic survey of wh-derived PHs in Korean and demonstrative-derived PHs in Romanian and Bulgarian. I show that the arbitrary-referential function is observed in PHs in all these languages, regardless of their origins (i.e. wh word, demonstrative) and their categories (i.e. nominal, verbal).
Pleistophora finisterrensis
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Pleistophora finisterrensis
, the only microsporidian recorded from
Micromesistius poutassou
, the blue whiting, a North Atlantic fish of the order Gadiformes, and known from no other host. Some information on its morphology, dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Europe (Spain and UK)) and host (
M. poutassou
).
Cerioporus squamosus
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W. , Soliman G. S. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Cerioporus squamosus
, which causes a white rot of hardwood on living and recently dead broadleaf trees, entering the tree through wounds caused by, for example, lightning, windthrow, soe break and damage by humans and animals. Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, dispersal and transmission, habitats and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Africa (Eritrea, Uganda), Asia (Afghanistan, Armenia, China (Hainan, Heilongjiang, Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region), Georgia, India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttarakhand, West Bengal), Iran, Japan, Kazakhstan (Aktobe, Almaty, East Kazakhstan, Karagandy, Kostanay, Pavlodar, South Kazakhstan, West Kazakhstan, Zhambyl), Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia (Amur Oblast, Chelyabinsk Oblast, Irkutsk Oblast, Kamchatka Krai, Khabarovsk Krai, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Novosibirsk Oblast, Primorsky Krai, Sverdlovsk Oblast, YamaloNenets Autonomous Okrug), South Korea, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan), Australasia (Australia (Victoria), New Zealand), Central America (Costa Rica), Europe (Albania, Andorra, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Isle of Man, Italy, Jersey, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia (Belgorod Oblast, Bryansk Oblast, Chuvash Republic, Ivanovo Oblast, Kaliningrad Oblast, Kaluga Oblast, Kirov Oblast, Krasnodar Krai, Kursk Oblast, Leningrad Oblast, Moscow Oblast, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Orenburg Oblast, Oryol Oblast, Penza Oblast, Perm Krai, Republic of Bashkortostan, Republic of Mordovia, Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, Republic of Tatarstan, Ryazan Oblast, Samara Oblast, Saratov Oblast, Stavropol Krai, Tambov Oblast, Tula Oblast, Tver Oblast, Udmurt Republic, Ulyanovsk Oblast, Vladimir Oblast, Volgograd Oblast, Voronezh Oblast, Yaroslavl Oblast), Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK), (North America (Canada (British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Saskatchewan, Yukon), Mexico, USA (Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin)), South America (Brazil (São Paulo), Chile, Ecuador, Paraguay))).
CIGS photovoltaics: reviewing an evolving paradigm
Authors: Stanbery Billy J , Abou-Ras Daniel , Yamada Akira , Mansfield Lorelle 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Copper indium selenide chalcopyrite-structure alloys with gallium (CIGS) are unique among the highest performing photovoltaic (PV) semiconductor technologies. They are structurally disordered, nonstoichiometric materials that have been engineered to achieve remarkably low bulk nonradiative recombination levels. Nevertheless, their performance can be further improved. This review adopts a fundamental thermodynamic perspective to comparatively assess the root causes of present limitations on CIGS PV performance. The topics of selectivity and passivation of contacts to CIGS and its multinary alloys are covered, highlighting pathways to maximizing the electrochemical potential between those contacts under illumination. An overview of absorber growth methods and resulting properties is also provided. We recommend that CIGS researchers consider strategies that have been successfully implemented in the more mature wafer-based GaAs and Si PV device technologies, based on the paradigm of an idealized PV device design using an isotropic absorber with minimal nonradiative recombination, maximal light trapping, and both electron-selective and hole-selective passivated contacts. We foresee that CIGS technology will reach the 25% efficiency level within the next few years through enhanced collection and reduced recombination. To significantly impact power-generation applications, cost-effective, manufacturable solutions are also essential.
Production and loss of O2(1Δ
g
) at atmospheric pressure using microwave-driven microplasmas
Authors: Hoskinson Alan R , Rawlins Wilson T , Galbally-Kinney Kristin L , Gong Emily , Hopwood Jeffrey 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We have used arrays of microwave-generated microplasmas operating at atmospheric pressure to generate high concentrations of singlet molecular oxygen, O2(1Δ
g
), which is of interest for biomedical applications. The discharge is sustained by a pair of microstrip-based microwave resonator arrays which force helium/oxygen gas mixtures through a narrow plasma channel. We have demonstrated the efficacy of both NO and less-hazardous N2O additives for suppression of ozone and associated enhancement of the O2(1Δ
g
) yield. Quenching of O2(1Δ
g
) by ozone is sufficiently suppressed such that quenching by ground state molecular oxygen becomes the dominant loss mechanism in the post-discharge outflow. We verified the absence of other significant gas-phase quenching mechanisms by measuring the O2(1Δ
g
) decay along a quartz flow tube. These measurements indicated a first-order rate constant of (1.2 ± 0.3) × 10−24 m3 s−1, slightly slower than but consistent with prior measurements of singlet oxygen quenching on ground state oxygen. The discharge-initiated reaction mechanisms and data analysis are discussed in terms of a chemical kinetics model of the system.
The influence of single layer MoS2 flake on the propagated surface plasmons of silver nanowire
Authors: Lu Liu , Zhao Tiantian , Chen Lei , Wang Chenyang , Zhou Zhiqiang , Ren Xifeng 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We demonstrate enhancing the excitation and transmission efficiency of the propagated surface plasmon (SP) of an Ag nanowire (Ag NW) in hybrid Ag–MoS2 structures by contrasting the SP propagation of the Ag NW on different substrates, including SiO2 and monolayer MoS2, or partially overlapping the Ag NW on MoS2 flakes. The simulation results show that the leaky radiation of the hybrid plasmonic modes H1 and H2 can be prominently suppressed due to the high refractive index dielectric layer of MoS2, which provides an optical barrier for blocking the leaky radiation, resulting in reduced propagation loss. This paper provides a feasible and effective method to improve the SP propagation length.
Radial solutions to a chemotaxis-consumption model involving prescribed signal concentrations on the boundary
Authors: Lankeit Johannes , Winkler Michael 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The chemotaxis system

u

t

=
Δ
u
−
∇
⋅

(

u
∇
v

)

,

v

t

=
Δ
v
−
u
v
,

is considered under the boundary conditions

∂
u

∂
ν

−
u

∂
v

∂
ν

=
0

and v = v
⋆ on ∂Ω, where

Ω
⊂

R

n

is a ball and v
⋆ is a given positive constant. In the setting of radially symmetric and suitably regular initial data, a result on global existence of bounded classical solutions is derived in the case n = 2, while global weak solutions are constructed when n ∈ {3, 4, 5}. This is achieved by analyzing an energy-type inequality reminiscent of global structures previously observed in related homogeneous Neumann problems. Ill-signed boundary integrals newly appearing therein are controlled by means of spatially localized smoothing arguments revealing higher order regularity features outside the spatial origin. Additionally, unique classical solvability in the corresponding stationary problem is asserted, even in nonradial frameworks.