bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recovery of kidney function after dialysis initiation in children and adults in the US: A retrospective study of United States Renal Data System data
Authors: Ku Elaine , Hsu Raymond K. , Johansen Kirsten L. , McCulloch Charles E. , Mitsnefes Mark , Grimes Barbara A. , Liu Kathleen D. 
Published: February 2021

Background
Little is known about factors associated with recovery of kidney function—and return to dialysis independence—or temporal trends in recovery after starting outpatient dialysis in the United States. Understanding the characteristics of individuals who may have the potential to recover kidney function may promote better recognition of such events. The goal of this study was to determine factors associated with recovery of kidney function in children compared with adults starting dialysis in the US.

Methods and findings
We determined factors associated with recovery of kidney function—defined as survival and discontinuation of dialysis for ≥90-day period—in children versus adults who started maintenance dialysis between 1996 and 2015 according to the United States Renal Data System (USRDS) followed through 2016 in a retrospective cohort study. We also examined temporal trends in recovery rates over the last 2 decades in this cohort. Among 1,968,253 individuals included for study, the mean age was 62.6 ± 15.8 years, and 44% were female. Overall, 4% of adults (83,302/1,953,881) and 4% of children (547/14,372) starting dialysis in the outpatient setting recovered kidney function within 1 year. Among those who recovered, the median time to recovery was 73 days (interquartile range [IQR] 43–131) in adults and 100 days (IQR 56–189) in children. Accounting for the competing risk of death, children were less likely to recover kidney function compared with adults (sub-hazard ratio [sub-HR] 0.81; 95% CI 0.74–0.89, p-value <0.001; point estimates <1 indicating increased risk for a negative outcome). Non-Hispanic black (NHB) adults were less likely to recover compared with non-Hispanic white (NHW) adults, but these racial differences were not observed in children. Of note, a steady increase in the incidence of recovery of kidney function was noted initially in adults and children between 1996 and 2010, but this trend declined thereafter. The diagnoses associated with the highest recovery rates of recovery were acute tubular necrosis (ATN) and acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) in both adults and children, where 25%–40% of patients recovered kidney function depending on the calendar year of dialysis initiation. Limitations to our study include the potential for residual confounding to be present given the observational nature of our data.

Conclusions
In this study, we observed that discontinuation of outpatient dialysis due to recovery occurred in 4% of patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) and was more common among those with ATN or AIN as the cause of their kidney disease. While recovery rates rose initially, they declined starting in 2010. Additional studies are needed to understand how to best recognize and promote recovery in patients whose potential to discontinue dialysis is high in the outpatient setting.
An artificial neural network approach to detect presence and severity of Parkinson’s disease via gait parameters
Authors: Varrecchia Tiwana , Castiglia Stefano Filippo , Ranavolo Alberto , Conte Carmela , Tatarelli Antonella , Coppola Gianluca , Di Lorenzo Cherubino , Draicchio Francesco , Pierelli Francesco , Serrao Mariano 
Published: February 2021

Introduction
Gait deficits are debilitating in people with Parkinson’s disease (PwPD), which inevitably deteriorate over time. Gait analysis is a valuable method to assess disease-specific gait patterns and their relationship with the clinical features and progression of the disease.

Objectives
Our study aimed to i) develop an automated diagnostic algorithm based on machine-learning techniques (artificial neural networks [ANNs]) to classify the gait deficits of PwPD according to disease progression in the Hoehn and Yahr (H-Y) staging system, and ii) identify a minimum set of gait classifiers.

Methods
We evaluated 76 PwPD (H-Y stage 1–4) and 67 healthy controls (HCs) by computerized gait analysis. We computed the time-distance parameters and the ranges of angular motion (RoMs) of the hip, knee, ankle, trunk, and pelvis. Principal component analysis was used to define a subset of features including all gait variables. An ANN approach was used to identify gait deficits according to the H-Y stage.

Results
We identified a combination of a small number of features that distinguished PwPDs from HCs (one combination of two features: knee and trunk rotation RoMs) and identified the gait patterns between different H-Y stages (two combinations of four features: walking speed and hip, knee, and ankle RoMs; walking speed and hip, knee, and trunk rotation RoMs).

Conclusion
The ANN approach enabled automated diagnosis of gait deficits in several symptomatic stages of Parkinson’s disease. These results will inspire future studies to test the utility of gait classifiers for the evaluation of treatments that could modify disease progression.
Left ventricular myocardial strain and tissue characterization by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in immune checkpoint inhibitor associated cardiotoxicity
Authors: Higgins Angela Y. , Arbune Amit , Soufer Aaron , Ragheb Elio , Kwan Jennifer M. , Lamy Jerome , Henry Mariana , Cuomo Jason R. , Charifa Ahmad , Gallegos Cesia , Hull Sarah , Coviello Jessica Shank , Bader Anna S. , Peters Dana C. , Huber Steffen , Mojibian Hamid R. , Sinusas Albert J. , Kluger Harriet , Baldassarre Lauren A. 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are highly effective in treating cancer; however, cardiotoxicity can occur, including myocarditis. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging is useful for evaluation of myocarditis, although it has not been well studied in ICI cardiotoxicity.MethodsWe identified patients referred for CMR evaluation of ICI cardiotoxicity from September 2015 through September 2019. We assessed structural and functional parameters, feature tracking (FT) left ventricular and atrial strain, T2- weighted ratios and quantitative late gadolinium enhancement (LGE). We also applied the Updated Lake Louise Criteria for diagnosis of myocarditis.ResultsOf the 20 patients referred, the median left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was 52.5% ± 19.1 and 50% had a normal LVEF (≥53%). FT strain analysis revealed an average abnormal global longitudinal strain (GLS) of −9.8%± 4.2%. In patients with a normal LVEF, the average GLS remained depressed at −12.3%± 2.4%. In all patients, GLS demonstrated a significant negative correlation with LVEF (rs= −0.64, p 0.002). Sixteen patients (80%) had presence of LGE (14 non-ischemic pattern and 2 ischemic). Percent LGE did not correlate with any CMR parameters and notably did not correlate with LVEF (rs= −0.29, p = 0.22) or GLS (rs= 0.10, p = 0.67), highlighting the value of tissue characterization beyond functional assessment. Nine patients (45%) met full Updated Lake Louise Criteria and 85% met at least one criterion, suggestive of myocarditis in the correct clinical context. Thirteen patients (65%) were treated for ICI-associated myocarditis and, of these, 54% (n = 7) had recovery of LVEF to normal. There was no correlation between LVEF (p = 0.47), GLS (0.89), or % LGE (0.15) and recovery of LVEF with treatment.ConclusionIn patients with suspected ICI cardiotoxicity, CMR is an important diagnostic tool, even in the absence of overt left ventricular dysfunction, as abnormalities in left ventricular strain, T2 signal and LGE can identifying disease.
Enhanced atrial internal-external neural remodeling facilitates atrial fibrillation in the chronic obstructive sleep apnea model
Authors: Xiaokereti Jiasuoer , Guo Yan-Kai , Dong Zhen-Yu , Ma Mei , Lu Yan-Mei , Li Yao-Dong , Zhou Xian-Hui , Zhang Ling , Tang Bao-Peng 
Published: February 2021

Objective
Autonomic imbalance plays a crucial role in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) associated atrial fibrillation (AF). Here, we investigated the potential neural mechanism of AF induced by OSA.

Methods
Ten dogs were divided into control group (n = 5) and OSA group (n = 5). The chronic OSA model was established by repeat apnea-ventilation cycles for 4 hours a day for 12 weeks. During the process of model establishment, arterial blood gases, atrial effective refractory period (AERP), AF inducibility, normalized low-frequency power (LFnu), normalized high-frequency power (HFnu), and LFnu/ HFnu were evaluated at baseline, 4th week, 8th week, and 12th week. Nerve activities of left stellate ganglion (LSG) and left vagal nerve(LVN) were recorded. Tyrosine hydroxylase(TH), choline acetyltransferase(CHAT), PGP9.5, nerve growth factor(NGF), and c-Fos were detected in the left atrium, LSG, and LVN by immunohistochemistry and western blot. Moreover, high-frequency stimulations of LSG and LVN were conducted to observe the AF inducibility.

Results
Compared with the control group, the OSA group showed significantly enhanced neural activity of the LSG, increased AF inducibility, and shortened AERP. LFnu and LFnu/HFnu were markedly increased in the OSA group, while no significant difference in HFnu was observed. TH-positive and PGP9.5-positive nerve densities were significantly increased in the LSG and left atrium. Additionally, the protein levels of NGF, c-Fos, and PGP9.5 were upregulated both in the LSG and left atrium. AF inducibility was markedly increased under LSG stimulation without a stimulus threshold change in the OSA group.

Conclusions
OSA significantly enhanced LSG and left atrial neural remodeling, and hyperactivity of LSG may accelerate left atrial neural remodeling to increase AF inducibility.
Radiotherapy treatment scheduling: Implementing operations research into clinical practice
Authors: Vieira Bruno , Demirtas Derya , van de Kamer Jeroen B. , Hans Erwin W. , Jongste Willem , van Harten Wim 
Published: February 2021

Background
Every week, radiotherapy centers face the complex task of scheduling hundreds of treatment sessions amongst the available linear accelerators. With the increase in cancer patient numbers, manually creating a feasible and efficient schedule has shown to be a difficult, time-consuming task. Although operations research models have been increasingly reported upon to optimize patient care logistics, there is almost no scientific evidence of implementation in practice.

Methods
A mathematical operations research model was adapted to generate radiotherapy treatment schedules in two Dutch centers. The model was iteratively adjusted to fulfill the technical and medical constraints of each center until a valid model was attained. Patient data was collected for the planning horizon of one week, and the feasibility of the obtained schedules was verified by the staff of each center. The resulting optimized solutions are compared with the ones manually developed in practice.

Results
The weekly schedule was improved in both centers by decreasing the average standard deviation between sessions’ starting times from 103.0 to 50.4 minutes (51%) in one center, and the number of gaps in the schedule from 18 to 5 (72%) in the other. The number of patients requiring linac switching between sessions has also decreased from 71 to 0 patients in one center, and from 43 to 2 in the other. The automated process required 5 minutes and 1.5 hours of computation time to find an optimal weekly patient schedule, respectively, as opposed to approximately 1.5 days when performed manually for both centers.

Conclusions
The practical application of a theoretical operations research model for radiotherapy treatment scheduling has provided radiotherapy planners a feasible, high-quality schedule in an automated way. Iterative model adaptations performed in small steps, early engagement of stakeholders, and constant communication proved to facilitate the implementation of operations research models into clinical practice.
Viral etiology and seasonal trends of pediatric acute febrile illness in southern Puerto Rico; a seven-year review
Authors: Sánchez-González Liliana , Quandelacy Talia M. , Johansson Michael , Torres-Velásquez Brenda , Lorenzi Olga , Tavarez Mariana , Torres Sanet , Alvarado Luisa I. , Paz-Bailey Gabriela 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundAcute febrile illness (AFI) is an important cause for seeking health care among children. Knowledge of the most common etiologic agents of AFI and its seasonality is limited in most tropical regions.Methodology/Principal findingsTo describe the viral etiology of AFI in pediatric patients (≤18 years) recruited through a sentinel enhanced dengue surveillance system (SEDSS) in Southern Puerto Rico, we analyzed data for patients enrolled from 2012 to May 2018. To identify seasonal patterns, we applied time-series analyses to monthly arboviral and respiratory infection case data. We calculated coherence and phase differences for paired time-series to quantify the association between each time series.A viral pathogen was found in 47% of the 14,738 patients. Influenza A virus was the most common pathogen detected (26%). The incidence of Zika and dengue virus etiologies increased with age. Arboviral infections peaked between June and September throughout the times-series. Respiratory infections have seasonal peaks occurring in the fall and winter months of each year, though patterns vary by individual respiratory pathogen.Conclusions/SignificanceDistinct seasonal patterns and differences in relative frequency by age groups seen in this study can guide clinical and laboratory assessment in pediatric patients with AFI in Puerto Rico.
Modelling and control of a grid-tied power conditioning unit for a megawatt fuel cell system
Authors: Ben Hamad Khlid , Tariq Kahn Mohamed 
Published: February 2021

It is a reality that future development in the energy sector is founded on the utilization of renewable and sustainable energy sources. These energy sources can empower to meet the double targets of diminishing greenhouse gas emissions and ensuring reliable and cost-effective energy supply. Fuel cells are one of the advanced clean energy technologies and have demonstrated their ability to be a decent substitute to address the above-mentioned concerns. They are viewed as reliable and efficient technologies to operate either tied or non-tied to the grid and power applications ranging from domestic, commercial to industrial. Among different fuel cell technologies, proton exchange membrane is the most attractive. Its connection to the utility grid requires that the power conditioning system serving as the interface between the stack and the grid operates accordingly. This study aims to model and control a power conditioning system for the grid-connection of a megawatt fuel cell stack. Besides the grid, the system consists of a 1.54 MW/1400 V DC proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack, a 1.3 MW/600 V three-level diode clamped inverter and an LCL filter which is designed to reduced harmonics and meet the standards such as IEEE 519 and IEC 61000-3-6. The power conditioning control scheme comprises voltage and current regulators to provide a good power factor and satisfy synchronization requirements with the grid. The frequency and phase are synchronized with those of the grid through a phase-locked-loop. The modelling and simulation are performed using Matlab/Simulink. The results show good performance of the proposed microgrid as well as the inverter design and control approach with a low total harmonic distortion of about 0.35% for the voltage and 0.19% for the current.Â Â Â
Investigation of factors affecting power density radiation of mobile phones
Authors: B. Oluwafemi Ilesanmi , O. Adeoye Johnson , M. Faluru Deji , D. Obasanya Dorcas 
Published: February 2021

The use of mobile phones in Nigeria has greatly increased in the recent year. This has also increased the general population exposure to mobile phone radiation. In this research, the intensity of radiation around selected mobile phones base on some factors are investigated using Radiofrequency Meter (RF) TM-96, 9V DC and Spectrum Analyzer (NA-773, 144/430 MHz) in a bid to confirm how they affect the radiation level. Measurements were taken at distances of 5 cm from the mobile phones when seeking for connections, calls establishing and calls connections under different conditions such as periods of the day, when charging and when not charging, battery charged levels, single and dual SIMs and network signal levels. The radiation levels from the 5 selected mobile phones ranges from 0.3204 to 0.4824 mW/cm2 during call conversation, with the highest radiating mobile phone being Asus while the least was Infinix 3. The radiation levels of these mobile phones are above the International Commission on Non-ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) reference level, 0.45 mW/cm2. Results also shows that the cell phone battery level, network signal level, the number of inserted SIM cards increases the radiation level of the mobile phones.Â Â
Designed and Implementing of Quadcopter Control Unit Capable of Tracking and Detecting Airplanes Types
Authors: Aslinezhad Mehdi , Hosseinzadeh Massoud , Heidari Farsad 
Published: February 2021

The goal of this study is to design and implement a new idea for air-launched quadcopter control unit using the digital video processing. In this study, itâ€™s endeavored to transmit the captured videos by a camera embedded on the quadcopter via video transceiver and after pro-cessing, the ground station relays appropriate command to the quadcopter to tracking target. Moreover, itâ€™s desired to detect a target in the sky and both stay in one direction until detect the target when intercepting toward the target and the quadcopter intercepts the target in every direction. In order to identify the type of aerial targets, the dimensions are studied at different intervals, which makes military and non - military goals detected at different intervals.Â Â
Frequency synchronization enhancement in wireless sensor network using cheetah chase algorithm
Authors: Goudhaman M. , Sasikumar S. , Vanathi N. 
Published: February 2021

Frequency synchronization is a cutting edge framework for any distributed systems. Wireless sensor networks have risen as an imperative and promising exploration territory in the current years. Frequency synchronization is an imperative for some, sensor organize applications that require extremely exact mapping of assembled sensor information with the frequency of the occasions happened. Biologically inspirited, innovative swarm intelligence algorithms are the most unique algorithms for enhancement. In this proposed work, new population based nature-impelled metaheuristic optimization algorithm, named Cheetah Chase Algorithm (CCA), is presented for upgrading the frequency synchronization in the distributed environment.Â Â
A floating IP implementation based-on load balancing in cloud computing
Authors: Andhyka Awang , Badri Fawaidul 
Published: February 2021

With the advance of technology and constant changes in internet development, cloud computing has poured today. The industrial 4.0 requires technology that is reliable and has high stability. With lower funds and convenience in overcast computing as a serving, for ex-ample, cloud servers, users are increasingly placing web resources and information on cloud computing. But, when needed, by many users, errors or downtime cloud server often occurs on the cloud server. Various kinds of obstacles often happen, such as errors, ISP interrupted, overloaded, or others. From these problems, the availability and reliability system on the cloud server will be increasingly important so that this study will discuss the issue of an encumbrance balancing and floating IP (internet protocol) in a cloud server with a minimum cost. This study proposes a dual balanced approach using floating IP addresses to balance workload in cloud computing. This is to ensure the reliability with the stability of a cloud server to optimize the maximum available resources. Cloud analyst, like a visual-based Cloud Sim Modeler, will be used for algorithm analysis. Comparative studies are also brought out by several algorithms such as the robin algorithm and First Serve algorithm, the results will be analyzed and expected to be a right solution that can later be applied to a need that requires resources with a lot of connectivity, such as e-commerce, revenue new students, online exams, or others.Â Â Â
Effect of linkage design of an elbow implant on micro-motion: a finite element analysis
Authors: Heidari Milad , Rahmanivahid Pooyan 
Published: February 2021

The major reason for total elbow arthroplasty failure is loosening. Loosening is the outcome of a detrimental mechanical incident, which causes the failure of the bond between the bone bed and implant. The shape of the linkage of an elbow implant has a considerable role to transfer a portion of the load to the cement-bone and cement-implant interfaces. Therefore, in this study, the linkage of an elbow implant was modified to reduce loosening using finite element analyses. Elbow bone was constructed using image processing software. Linkage components were modeled using modeling computer-aided design software. Material properties and boundary conditions were applied. The stress distribution and micro-motion were obtained in linkage component and cement-implant-bone interfaces respectively. Based on our results, sub-design 3B proved less interface micro-motion compared to others. Our study showed that modification of a linkage reduces the micro-motion transferred to bone-cement and cement-implant interfaces. A reduction of micro-motion, through linkage modification, may improve the clinical outcomes.Â Â
Redesigning the Borobudur chair to sustain local creative industries: introducing to wangun concept
Authors: Widayat Rahmanu 
Published: February 2021

Redesigning the already existed thing is a common practice in the world of design. This study objectively conducted to produce a fresh new look and commercially bargaining product of furniture in addition to pursue current aesthetic needs. This study focuses on reconstructing the Borobudur chair, a typical form of chair inspired from the 8th century Borobudur temple reliefs, which theoretically does not follow modern art. This proposes a traditional conceptual approach called wangun (beauty) inspired by the wisdom of local Javanese culture, which is termed as Ngowahi Rupa (the change of form). Ngowahi Rupa does not change the 'inner structure' of an object, the changes occur only at the 'outer structure' level. There were two distinctive chairs being redesigned in this study, the first type of chair can accommodate one person only, and the other accommodates three people. Both types of chairs constitute of a complete structure of chair such as the legs, seat stands, and backrests, which in the sense of wangun conceptually termed telu-teluning atunggal. The Ngowahi Rupa furniture making process not only demands visual aspects, but also the concept of the creative industry. The concept was applied in redesigning the Borobudur chair that synergically in accordance with the rapidly developed creative industries in Indonesia. The results of redesigning the old-type of chair objectively contribute to the advance of current furniture industry and trend, both in Indonesia and abroad, in addition to maintaining the excellence of the creative industry with regard to the economic concern.Â Â