bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
REVITALISASI PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER PADA ANAK USIA DINI UNTUK MENCIPTAKAN GENERASI UNGGUL
Authors: Nurmiyanti Leni 
Published: April 2021

Activating the national character of the nationâ€™s generation from an early age in an are that is developing so rapidly is a prosess that requires seriousness and collective awareness. Characrter education is a part that must be built since early childhood, this period is a golden age for children to be given a stimulus in coaching, learning, understanding and character building which will later become the main capital for them in the future. Children are the next generation who will fight for and defend their nation, thus of course it is very important for all elements of society to be responsible for creating a generation of hope for a nation with quality and character.Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â The creation of a superior generation that will be able to build an advanced civilization is certainly not an easy thing. It takes seriousness and consistency in supporting the educational prosess that will be given to the nationâ€™s generation. The prosess of early childhood education must be developed and planned with a good planned, good organized pattern of education. The educational prosess obtained by the nationâ€™s generation is of course a prosess that runs continuously and continues until the child is an adult, the prosess of shaping the future of the nation will certainly require time and an interrelated struggle between elements of society. Collective awareness and high willingness will help facilitate the educational prosess of children as the nationâ€™s future generations.
Infectious diseases as complications following spinal cord injury
Authors: Nolan John , Mahadewa Tjokorda Gde Bagus 
Published: April 2021

Background
Infectious complications in spinal cord injury (SCI) patients can increase the mortality and morbidity of the patients. The inability to do daily activity is the main cause of the occurrence of infectious complications. Good understanding and high awareness are needed to notice some infectious complications which are difficult to be diagnosed.

Methods
This paper is a literature review which was done by reviewing and searching journals with “infectious complication”, “spinal cord injury”, “infection” on the search engines. The authors found 52 articles are suitable to be composed as references for this paper.

Results
Several infectious complications may occur following the incidence of SCI and have a lot of disadvantages. The causes of these infections are multifactorial. Urinary tract infection, infected pressure ulcer, pneumonia, and some other infectious diseases may appear as complications. Extra care in hygiene and sanitation is needed, besides, high awareness is needed to discover these complications.

Conclusion
Monitoring post-SCI complications are complex and difficult. A high level of suspicion should be raised with frequent aseptic actions and procedures. Appropriate management including non-surgical or surgical procedures can be chosen to achieve the best outcomes. Early diagnosis and management are critical for the best treatment results.
Terminalia ferdinandiana inhibited the increased of matrix metalloproteinase-1 and prevent collagen decreased in mice skin exposed to UV-B
Authors: Emy Shalihaty , Iswari Ida Sri , Winarti Ni Wayan 
Published: April 2021

Background
Kakadu cream contained 0,1% Kakadu plum (Terminalia ferdinandiana) extract with a high content of phenolic compound, flavonol, tocopherol, luthein, chlorophyll, and ellagic acid has potential to prevent the Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) effect on skin aging acceleration. To date, there’s no in vivo experiment on the effect of kakadu plum extract on collagen nor matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1). This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Kakadu cream administration in inhibiting the increase of MMP-1 expressions and prevent the decrease of collagen amount in mice (Mus musculus) skin exposed to UV-B.

Methods
An experimental study with a post-test only control group design was employed in 36- male-mice, 6-8 weeks old, weighing 20-25 grams. The samples were divided randomly into two groups, a control group given base cream and the study group, given Kakadu cream 0,1% on their shaved backs, 1 cm2 in size as the UV-B exposure’s location. The UV-B irradiation was done three times a week for 4-weeks. The base and Kakadu cream were given twice a day. Comparative analysis was carried out to compare MMP-1 expression and collagen amount in both groups.

Results
The results show that the mean of MMP-1 expression on the study group was significantly lower compared to control group (p<0.001). The mean collagen amount was significantly higher in the study group than in the control group (p< 0,001).

Conclusion
From the results, can be concluded that Kakadu cream inhibited the increase MMP-1 expression and prevent the decrease of collagen amount in mice skin exposed to UV-B.
The administration of UltraMimi Kids® UHT milk by PT. Ultrajaya Milk Industry increased body weight and did not increase estrogen hormone level in female albino rat (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar strain
Authors: Sabella  , Pangkahila Wimpie , Susraini Anak Agung Ayu Ngurah 
Published: April 2021

Background
This study aimed to prove that administration of UltraMimi Kids® UHT milk by PT. Ultrajaya Milk Industry increased body weight and estrogen levels in female albino rat (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar strain.

Methods
This research was a true experimental with randomized pretest-posttest control group design. The research subjects were 18-female-albino-rats aged 21-days, weight 25-28 grams, divided into 2-groups: control group which was given standard food and sugar solution (0.36 grams of sugar dissolved in 1 ml aquadest), and intervention group which was given standard food and UltraMimi Kids® UHT milk 1 ml for the first 14-days and upgraded to 2 ml for the rest 14-days, given three times a day for 28-days. The rats body weight and estrogen levels were measured using Tanita-KD-192-digital-scales and ELISA method.

Results
The control group had an increased body weight (26.2±1.2-66.1±5.94 grams; p<0,001), but there was no change in estrogen levels (38.59±11.19-44.59±5.42 ng/L; p=0.217). Whereas, the intervention group had an increased body weight (25.77±0.83-85.33±10.24 grams; p=0.008), but there was no change in estrogen levels (39.91±3.73-42.66±2.24 ng/L; p=0.066). After 28-days of intervention (posttest), it was found that the mean of body weight in the intervention group was higher than the control group (p<0.001), there was no significant difference in estrogen levels (p=0.339) and food intake from the remaining feed in both groups (0.51±0.81- 0.36±0.55 grams;p=0.823).

Conclusion
The administration of UltraMimi Kids® UHT milk by PT. Ultrajaya Milk Industry increased body weight and did not increase estrogen hormone level in female albino rat (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar strain.
Ashitaba (Angelica keiskei) leaves extract cream 8% inhibited the increase of melanin amount as effective as hydroquinone cream 4% and inhibited the increase of tyrosinase enzymes not as effective as hydroquinone cream 4% in the ultraviolet B-exposed Guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) skin
Authors: Friama Cynthia , Wiraguna Anak Agung Gde Putra , Pangkahila Wimpie 
Published: April 2021

Background
Excessive sun exposure results in increased activity of the tyrosinase enzyme and the amount of melanin in the skin which causes hyperpigmentation, a sign of premature aging. The purpose of this study was to prove that Ashitaba (Angelica keiskei) leaves extract cream 8% inhibited the increase of melanin and tyrosinase enzymes as effective as hydroquinone cream 4% in the ultraviolet B-exposed guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) skin.

Methods
This study used a randomized post-test only control group design. The subjects were 36 male guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus). Subjects were divided into two groups, the hydroquinone cream 4% group and the Ashitaba leaves extract cream 8% group exposed to UVB light. Skin samples were collected 48 hours after the last exposure to measure the tyrosinase enzyme levels using the ELISA method and the amount of melanin was examined by Masson-Fontana staining.

Results
The mean levels of tyrosinase in the hydroquinone cream 4% group was 19.51 ± 5.16 ng/L and the Ashitaba leaves extract cream 8% group was 23.76 ± 3.09 ng/L (p = 0.005). The mean amount of melanin in the hydroquinone cream 4% group was 2.98 ± 2.27% and the Ashitaba leaves extract cream 8% group was 4.77 ± 3.33% (p = 0.069).

Conclusion
The administration of Ashitaba (Angelica keiskei) leaves extract cream 8% inhibited the increase of melanin amount as effective as hydroquinone cream 4% and inhibited the increase of tyrosinase enzymes not as effective as hydroquinone cream 4% in the ultraviolet B-exposed guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) skin
Morel berry leaf extract reduce levels of reactive oxygen species and increase levels of endothelial nitric oxide synthase of male Wistar rat exposed to cigarette smoke
Authors: Hartono Felicia , Pinatih Gde Ngurah Indraguna , Susraini Anak Agung Ayu Ngurah 
Published: April 2021

Background
Exposure to cigarette smoke increased the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and caused oxidative stress which could lead to early aging includes vascular aging. Morel berry leaf contained flavonoid works as antioxidant that neutralized ROS. This study aimed to investigate effectivenes of Morel berry (Physalis angulata L.) leaf extract to decrease levels of ROS and increase levels of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in male Wistar rats exposed to cigarette smoke.

Methods
This research was an experimental study with pre test-post test control group design. 16 healthy male rats (Rattus norvegicus), Wistar strain, 3-4 months, weight 180-200gr were used, divided randomly into two groups. The control group was given aquadest and the treatment group was given Morel berry leaf extract 500 mg/kgBW/day. Continued to 30 minutes exposed to cigarette smoke. ROS and eNOS levels were measured before and after 28 days treatment, using rat ROS ELISA Kit and rat ENOS ELISA Kit respectively.

Results
The results showed that the mean ROS levels in the treatment group decreased significantly and was significantly lower than in control group (75.789 + 3.298 vs 91.646 + 1.970; p < 0.001). The mean eNOS levels in the treatment group increased significantly and was significantly higher than control group (8.597 + 0.375 vs 5.957 + 0.329; p < 0.001).

Conclusion
The results of this study indicated that administration of Morel berry leaf extract reduced levels of ROS and increased serum levels of eNOS in male Wistar rats exposed to cigarette smoke.
Administration of ethanol extract of Bajakah tampala (Spatholobus littoralis Hassk) stem decreased reactive oxygen species, visceral fat and body weight of obese rats
Authors: Novanty Vany , Pangkahila Wimpie , Dewi Ni Nyoman Ayu 
Published: April 2021

Background
Oxidative stress plays a role in the obesity mechanism, thus leads to premature aging. High antioxidant capacity in Bajakah tampala stem may effectively lessen oxidative stress and reduce fat mass and body weight accordingly. This study aimed to provide Bajakah tampala stem extract’s effect in lowering ROS level, visceral fat weight, and overall weight of obese male Wistar rats.

Method
A true experimental design was conducted on male Wistar rats aged 2-3 months with obesity. Thirty-two obese rats were evenly divided into a placebo group and a group given Bajakah tampala stem extract, with 16 rats in each group. For 28 days, both groups were fed a high-fat diet. The subject body weights were weighed every week. ROS levels and visceral fat weight were evaluated after the intervention was done. Comparative analysis between groups was performed.

Results
The results showed mean levels of ROS (56.2 ± 7.4 U/ml vs. 400.9 ± 50.7 U/ml; p < 0.001), visceral fat weight (2.6 ± 0.2 g vs. 3.4 ± 0.9 g; p < 0.001), and the final body weight (241.5 ± 2.8 g vs. 261.5 ± 13.8 g; p < 0.001) were significantly lower in the study group than the control group.

Conclusion
The study indicates Bajakah tampala stem extract administration effectively reduced ROS levels, visceral fat weight, and body weight in obese male Wistar rats.
Oral administration of Bali Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora) extract prevented the reduction of Leydig cells and testosterone levels in male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) with excessive physical training
Authors: Ismalia Kandy Rosa , Pangkahila Wimpie , Sriwidyani Ni Putu 
Published: April 2021

Background
Excessive exercise cause a deterioration of organ function and structure. Overtraining will cause reduce antioxidant reserve and excess free radical production. In this condition, there will be a decrease in the number of Leydig cells in the testis and followed by a decrease in testosterone level. Bali robusta coffee extract contains active compounds such as alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins and polyphenols. This study aims to prove whether Bali robusta coffee extract (Coffea canephora) can prevent a decrease in the number of Leydig cells and testosterone levels in male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) with excessive physical training.

Methods
Thirty-six rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: the control group (placebo aquabidest 2 ml) and the treatment group (Bali robusta coffee extract of 1 gram/kg BW). Both groups received excessive physical training in the form of swimming until the subjects experienced fatigue for 21-days.

Results
The results showed that the mean of Leydig cell number in the treatment group was significantly higher, which was 3.70 ± 0.89 cell/field of view, compared to the control group, which was 2.92 ± 0.65 cell/field of view (p = 0.005). The mean testosterone level in the treatment group was also significantly higher, which was 6.32 ± 0.21 nmol/ml, compared to the control group, which was 1.95 ± 0.32 nmol/ml (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
The administration of Bali robusta coffee extract (Coffea canephora) prevented a decrease in the number of Leydig cells and testosterone levels in male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) with excessive physical training.
Intradermal injection of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells was more effective than platelet rich plasma in increasing amount of collagen and fibroblasts in Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) back skin exposed to ultraviolet B rays
Authors: Kencanawati Anne Carolina , Pangkahila Wimpie , Wiraguna Anak Agung Gde Putra 
Published: April 2021

Background
Ultraviolet B exposure is one of the causes of extrinsic skin aging. Ultraviolet exposure may lead to skin collagen damage. This study about mesenchymal stem cells from umbilical cord (UCMSC) compared with platelet rich plasma (PRP) with the aim was to prove that the intradermal injection of UCMSC was more effective than PRP in increasing amount of collagen and fibroblasts in Wistar rats’ back skin exposed to Ultraviolet B rays.

Methods
This study used post-test only control group design. Subjects were 36 Wistar rats aged 2.5 months. A control group consisting of 18 Wistar rats treated with intradermal injection of PRP and the treatment group with UCMSC. Both groups were exposed to UVB with a total radiation dose of 840 mJ/cm2. The parameter of collagen was determined by picro sirius red staining while fibroblasts by Haematoxylin-Eosin staining.

Result
The mean amount of collagen in the control group was lower (57,82±6.52%) than the treatment group (65.69±4.51%) with p<0.001. The result showed there were differences in the number of collagen in both groups (p<0.05). The mean number of fibroblasts in the control group was lower (22.63±5.98 cell/field of view) than the treatment group (28.20±8.90 cell/field of view) with p=0.034. The result showed there were differences in mean of fibroblasts in both groups (p<0.05).

Conclusion
It can be concluded that the intradermal injection of UCMSC was more effective in increasing the amount of collagen and fibroblasts than intradermal injection of PRP in Wistar rats’ back skin exposed to UVB rays.
Evolutionary Love and Companionate Marriage in Jane Austen's Novel Pride and Prejudice
Authors: Alquraidhy Khalil 
Published: April 2021

In the novel Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen has selected the basic unit of human relationship, the family. In the family we have several forms of relationships. The most fundamental relationship is there in terms of love and marriage which form the basic theme of the novel Pride and Prejudice. In the research paper, love has been analyzed as an evolutionary process. It is the logic of love that unfolds the characteristics of its main characters. Their love has been brought out from the usual shadow of emotionalism and sentimentality. It has been put under the direct control of their ratiocination. And that is the peculiarity of Austen's treatment of love. The characters have passed through various stages of love so that, ultimately, they reach the final stage of passionate love, shorn of their pride and prejudice. From there they move to marriage which I have called the companionate marriage. When they enter matrimony, they enter it as pure companions moving together, hand in hand, in their life. It is not the marriage as established and defined by the early nineteenth century society. Austen's lovers do not abjure the society, yet they do not accept this society's concept of marriage completely. As they have shaped their love, so they will shape their marriage.
Sosialisasi Deteksi Dini Kanker Serviks dan Kanker Payudara pada Komunitas Umat Basis
Authors: Mea Maria Helena Carolinda Dua 
Published: April 2021

Sosialisasi deteksi dini Kanker Serviks dan Kanker Payudara dilakukan pada Komunitas Umat Basis “Reinha Rosari” pada Paroki St. Josef Freinademetz Mautapaga Kota Ende. KUB merupakan elemen masyarakat yang paling aktif, juga merupakan obyek yang mudah dijangkau. Kegiatan sosialisasi diawali dengan pembekalan narasumber sosialisasi oleh Seksi Kesehatan Dewan Pastoral Paroki (DPP) St. Josef Freinademetz Mautapaga pada Jumat, 13 Desember 2019. Kegiatan Sosialisasi pada Komunitas Umat Basis diadakan pada hari Jumat, 31 Januari 2020 dengan mengadakan survei sederhana tentang seberapa besar pengetahuan peserta sosialisasi terhadap kanker serviks dan payudara, dilanjutkan dengan pemaparan materi sosialisasi, lalu diadakan sesi tanya jawab dan berbagi pengalaman, kemudian pembagian leaflet dan stiker waspada kanker serviks dan kanker payudara. Peralatan dan perlengkapan yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini adalah microphone, fotokopi materi sosialisasi, leaflet deteksi dini kanker, serta stiker waspada kanker serviks dan payudara. Di masa yang akan datang diharapkan kegiatan sosialisasi ini dapat terus dilaksanakan dalam skala yang lebih luas seperti di tingkat RT, RW maupun Kelurahan dan Kecamatan, dengan melibatkan pihak medis dan pihak terkait serta elemen masyarakat lainnya, serta kaum pria dapat lebih terlibat dan berperan aktif dalam kegiatan sosialisasi ini.
Des femmes rurales face à l’histoire coloniale patriarcale au Brésil
Authors: Prévost Héloïse 
Published: April 2021

Cet article analyse les conditions de politisation des femmes rurales dans leur rapport à la terre, comme territoire, comme objet de travail et de soins. À partir d’une démarche socio-historique, le mouvement des femmes rurales est appréhendé dans ses liens avec les luttes pour la terre passées et présentes. Fondée sur l’étude de cas de l’ assentamento Maceió, dans le Nordeste du Brésil, l’analyse explore l’articulation du travail productif, militant et de care . Trois axes sont présentés : le croisement de l’histoire locale avec l’histoire coloniale, patriarcale et néolibérale ; les conditions de politisation et l’organisation du travail militant et de care à l’échelle d’un groupe de femmes rurales ; la dimension politique du travail productif imbriqué au travail de care socio-environnemental. Ces axes permettent de rendre compte d’une série de stratégies paysannes pour se réapproprier le territoire et construire un projet de résistance/r-existence.
Des rebelles au travail. Faire front entre ouvrières dans la (post) révolution tunisienne
Authors: Barrières Sarah 
Published: April 2021

Au cours de la révolution tunisienne, démarrée fin 2010, les rapports sociaux de sexe sont redéfinis par la participation massive des femmes aux protestations. Dans ce contexte, une lutte d’ouvrières, singulière tant par sa durée que par ses modes d’organisation et d’actions, se déroule de 2011 à 2014 dans une filiale d’une multinationale française. Pour faire face aux conditions de travail déplorables : humiliations, harcèlements sexuels, horaires extensifs, etc., les ouvrières s’organisent sous la bannière de la principale centrale syndicale du pays, l’Union générale tunisienne du travail. Quasi exclusivement féminin, le syndicat de base, en privilégiant un fonctionnement et des modes d’action inclusifs et peu hiérarchisés, libère la parole et permet de déplacer les lignes du genre. Centrée sur les deux leadeuses syndicales dotées de dispositions à l’engagement qui se réactualisent et se transforment au contact de l’événement, cet article montre aussi comment sont mobilisés des registres d’action divers du fait du rapport ambivalent de la lutte aux structures syndicales et de sa radicalisation face à une répression patronale de plus en plus dure.
Clinico-radiological profile of connective tissue disease related-interstitial lung diseases from a tertiary care centre of India: a cross sectional study
Authors: Agarwal Mehul , Gupta Manohar Lal , Deokar Kunal , Shadrach Benhur Joel , Bharti Neha , Sonigra Maldev 
Published: April 2021

Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are a frequently occurring pulmonary manifestation in patients of connective tissue diseases (CTD). Detailed understanding of this subset of lung diseases is vital, hence the study was conducted to analyze the clinico-radiological characteristics of CTD-ILD. The present study was conducted between March 2017 to February 2018 at a tertiary care teaching hospital from western India. A total of 100 patients having respiratory symptoms suggestive of ILD, who were either diagnosed cases of CTD or had clinical manifestations of underlying CTD, were included in the study. 27% of patients belonged to age group 41-50 years and 78% were females. Chief respiratory complaints were dyspnea and cough. Clubbing was present in 29% patients. The most common CTDs were rheumatoid arthritis [RA] (26%), systemic sclerosis [SSC] (21%), mixed connective tissue disorder [MCTD] (19%) and Sjogren’s syndrome [SS] (16%). Restrictive defect on spirometry was seen in 58% cases and was most significant among patients with RA (65%) and SS (62%). Pulmonary arterial hypertension was seen in 40% cases and was most evident in MCTD (78%) and SSC patients (58%). Chest radiograph was normal in 47% of subjects. Most common radiological pattern on high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) thorax was non-specific interstitial pneumonia (42%) followed by usual interstitial pneumonia (21%). ILD is a common manifestation of CTD. Work-up for an underlying CTD should be offered to all ILD patients and vice versa.