bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of immersion learning in the acquisition and processing of L2 gender agreement
Authors: Klassen Gabrielle , Ferreira Aline , Schwieter John W. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we examine the effects of learning environment on second language (L2) gender agreement. English speakers learning L2 Spanish participated in a self-paced reading task and a picture selection task prior to and after a short-term study abroad experience. The results from the self-paced reading task showed that their reliance on the masculine article as the default (e.g., McCarthy, Corrine. 2008. Morphological variability in the comprehension of agreement: An argument for representation over computation. Second Language Research 24(4). 459–486) was reduced over time abroad. Findings from the picture selection task showed that the learners did not attend to the gender of articles unless it was their only cue, but that after the study abroad experience they began to use gender as an anticipatory cue for lexical selection. We interpret these results as support for an adapted version of the Shallow Structures Hypothesis (Clahsen, Harald & Claudia Felser. 2006a. Grammatical processing in language learners. Applied Psycholinguistics 27(1). 3–42; Clahsen, Harald & Claudia Felser. 2006b. How native-like is non-native language processing? Trends in Cognitive Sciences 10(12). 564–570) and the notion that in immersion contexts L2 learners shift their parsing strategy to be more communicatively focused (Schwieter, John W. & Gabrielle Klassen. 2016. Linguistic advances and learning strategies in a short-term study abroad experience. Study Abroad Research in Second Language Acquisition and International Education 1(2). 217–247).
Terminology, units and reporting – how harmonized do we need to be?
Authors: Flatman Robert 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Harmonization initiatives in laboratory medicine seek to eliminate or reduce illogical variations in service to patients, clinicians and other healthcare professionals. Significant effort will be required to achieve consistent application of terminology, units and reporting across laboratory testing providers. Current variations in practice for nomenclature, reference intervals, flagging, units, standardization and traceability between analytical methods, and presentation of cumulative result data are inefficient and inconvenient, or worse yet, patient safety risks. All aspects of laboratory service across the “total testing process” ultimately depend on concise, reliable communication. Clinical terminologies (e.g. SNOMED-CT, LOINC, IFCC/IUPAC NPU) provide a mechanism to correctly identify an analyte or panel of tests within a request for testing and communicate the results back to the clinician or electronic health record (EHR). Electronic systems for requesting and reporting laboratory testing are said to be interoperable when reliable connection and communication of content occur. Modern electronic reports and EHRs will provide greater flexibility and functionality, but also require effective guidelines or standards to ensure consistent representation of laboratory data. Programs to harmonize service in these areas require ongoing local, national and international efforts and should incorporate stakeholders from laboratories, medical staff, information technology and informatics specialists, patient representatives and government. The process of identifying harmonized best practice, then ensuring uptake across many laboratory testing providers, is generally iterative rather than “one off”. New opportunities for additional harmonization will be generated as analytical performance, standardization and traceability, and diagnosis and treatment continue to evolve.
The view of a general practitioner on immediate access for patients to their laboratory test results
Authors: Shah Syed Ghulam Sarwar , Hannan Amir , Elliott Bruce , Brindle Ingrid , Fitton Richard 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This position paper presents the role of laboratory test results in traditional general practice and provides a recommendation for responsible sharing of results with patients for improved safety, efficiency and outcomes. This paper looks at the relationship between the laboratory, the general practitioner consultation, the patient, safety and general practice capacity. We suggest changes in the traditional practice of communicating laboratory test results whereby normal or abnormal results are made available to patients as soon as they become available. We also endorse the opinion that using online tools such as email or text messages could enhance the provision of rapid access to laboratory test results for patients.
Favorable outcome after nine minutes of shoulder dystocia preceded by a tight nuchal cord
Authors: Novoa Maria , Friedman Jonathan , Lee Siwon , Hitt Wilbur C. , Gonzalez Tanya 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objectives
A case report involving a tight nuchal cord and concomitant shoulder dystocia with a review of the literature. We demonstrate that favorable outcomes may result with correct application of maneuvers and adequate management after delivery.

Case presentation
A 41 years old woman was admitted with spontaneous rupture of membranes. The first stage of labor was unremarkable. During the second stage, an intentionally-cut tight nuchal cord was followed by 9 min of shoulder dystocia that was finally relieved by delivery of the anterior shoulder. APGAR scores were 0, 3, 4, 7 at 1, 5, 10 and 20 min respectively. The neonate was placed under therapuetic hypothermia and was discharged after 13 days. At 5 months and 1.5 years of age, the infant met age appropriate developmental milestones with no neurologic sequela.

Conclusions
Shoulder dystocia can result in fatal outcomes for the neonate. Adequate management highlights the need for prompt recognition of this complication and application of appropriate maneuvers. Therapeutic hypothermia decreases mortality and improves neurological development in infants who experience hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE).
Regulation of RNA helicase activity: principles and examples
Authors: Donsbach Pascal , Klostermeier Dagmar 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
RNA helicases are a ubiquitous class of enzymes involved in virtually all processes of RNA metabolism, from transcription, mRNA splicing and export, mRNA translation and RNA transport to RNA degradation. Although ATP-dependent unwinding of RNA duplexes is their hallmark reaction, not all helicases catalyze unwinding in vitro, and some in vivo functions do not depend on duplex unwinding. RNA helicases are divided into different families that share a common helicase core with a set of helicase signature motives. The core provides the active site for ATP hydrolysis, a binding site for non-sequence-specific interaction with RNA, and in many cases a basal unwinding activity. Its activity is often regulated by flanking domains, by interaction partners, or by self-association. In this review, we summarize the regulatory mechanisms that modulate the activities of the helicase core. Case studies on selected helicases with functions in translation, splicing, and RNA sensing illustrate the various modes and layers of regulation in time and space that harness the helicase core for a wide spectrum of cellular tasks.
At whose expense? System justification and the appreciation of stereotypical humor targeting high- versus low-status groups
Authors: Baltiansky Dean , Craig Maureen A. , Jost John T. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Many popular comedians tell complicated jokes that involve multiple levels of interpretation. The same joke may be perceived as criticizing or reinforcing the societal status quo, depending on perceivers’ assumptions about the target of the punchline (e.g., whether the joke is at the expense of high- or low-status groups). We focused on how such jokes are experienced by listeners who are psychologically prone to justifying (vs. challenging) the status quo. In a sample of Mechanical Turk workers (N = 179), we explored whether individual differences in system justification would be associated with the appreciation of group-based (stereotypical) humor, depending on the perceived target of the joke. As hypothesized, high system-justifiers found jokes targeting low-status groups (e.g., women, poor people, racial/ethnic minorities) to be funnier than low system-justifiers did. In some cases, low system-justifiers found jokes targeting high-status groups (rich people, European Americans) to be funnier than high system-justifiers did. These results expand upon previous demonstrations that humor appreciation is linked to relatively stable ideological dispositions and suggest that different individuals may perceive complex group-based humor in divergent ways.
Social harms and social class in Iranian youth and adolescents living in slums in the suburbs: a systematic review
Authors: Mahmoodi Zohreh , Solimannejad Tahereh , Solimannejad Mohamad , Niazi Mohsen 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundSocioeconomic and environmental factors can affect the health of the people living in slums in the suburbs. In these areas, the youth and adolescents are the main age groups susceptible to a multitude of harms such as addiction, AIDS, delinquency, aggressive behavior, and prostitution. The present study was conducted to investigate the state of social harms and social class in Iranian youth and adolescents living in slums in the suburbs.MethodsIn the present systematic review, the researchers searched for observational and qualitative papers published in Persian or English languages during 2010–2020 timespan in the following databases: Embase, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Irandoc databases, Google Scholar, SID, and Magiran. Based on MESH, the keywords of “social class”, “social harm”, “youth”, “adolescent”, and “slum” were chosen. Papers were assessed according to the inclusion criteria, and the quality of the papers was evaluated using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale for quantitative articles and the COREQ scale for qualitative ones.ResultsOf 491 articles assessed, 11 (eight cross-sectional and three qualitative papers) were deemed suitable. According to the results, social harms reported were: drug abuse (two studies), female sex workers (two studies), poverty (two studies), AIDS (two studies), social insecurity (two studies), psychedelic substances (one study), alcohol (one study), delinquency (one study), divorce (one study), physical problems (one study), prostitution because of poverty (one study), unemployment (one study), and adolescents’ forced labor due to destitution (one study). Moreover, the assessed papers used education (three studies), economic status (three studies), occupation (two studies), income (two studies), place of residence (two studies), social status (two studies), and cultural status (one study) as indicators of the social class in the individual and their parents, and categorized them in three groups of high (one study), middle (three studies), and low classes (seven studies).ConclusionThe present systematic review investigated, for the first time in Iran, social harms and social class in the youth and adolescents living in slums in the suburbs. The results showed that social harm is high among the youth and adolescents in outskirt slums of Iranian cities. Therefore, any attempt to empower the youth and adolescents living in these parts will have direct effects on the health of the residents of these areas.
A stabilized fractional-step finite element method for the time-dependent Navier–Stokes equations
Authors: Shang Yueqiang , Liu Qing 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We present a fractional-step finite element method based on a subgrid model for simulating the time-dependent incompressible Navier–Stokes equations. The method aims to the simulation of high Reynolds number flows and consists of two steps in which the nonlinearity and incompressibility are split into different steps. The first step of this method can be seen as a linearized Burger’s problem where a subgrid model based on an elliptic projection of the velocity into a lower-order finite element space is employed to stabilize the system, and the second step is a Stokes problem. Under mild regularity assumptions on the continuous solution, we obtain the stability of the numerical method, and derive error bound of the approximate velocity, which shows that first-order convergence rate in time and optimal convergence rate in space can be gotten by the method. Numerical experiments verify the theoretical predictions and demonstrate the promise of the proposed method, which show superiority of the proposed method to the compared method in the literature.
Toward a transdisciplinary integration of research purposes and methods for complex dynamic systems theory: beyond the quantitative–qualitative divide
Authors: Hiver Phil , Al-Hoorie Ali H. , Larsen-Freeman Diane 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Complexity theory/dynamic systems theory has challenged conventional approaches to applied linguistics research by encouraging researchers to adopt a pragmatic transdisciplinary approach that is less paradigmatic and more problem-oriented in nature. Its proponents have argued that the starting point in research design should not be the quantitative–qualitative distinction, or even mixed methods, but the distinction between individual versus group-based designs (i.e., idiographic versus nomothetic). Taking insights from transdisciplinary complexity research in other human and social sciences, we propose an integrative transdisciplinary framework that unites these different perspectives (quantitative–qualitative, individual–group based) from the starting point of exploratory–falsificatory aims. We discuss the implications of this transdisciplinary approach to applied linguistics research and illustrate how such an integrated approach might be implemented in the field.
A tablet derived from Andrographis paniculata complements dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine treatment of malaria in pregnant mice
Authors: Bastiana  , Widyawaruyanti Aty , Ilmi Hilkatul , Tumewu Lidya , Prasetyo Budi , Hafid Achmad Fuad , Aryati  
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The use of standard antimalarial drugs, such as dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DHP) for the treatment of malaria during pregnancy is limited due to the risk of teratogenicity. The alternative is therefore required although few exist. Here we show a phytopharmaceutical drug derived from Andrographis paniculata (AS201-01), which is effective as herbal antimalarial both in vitro and in vivo and may be a suitable alternative when used in complementary treatment with DHP.

Methods

Plasmodium berghei infected pregnant BALB/c mice were divided into four groups: G1 (negative control), G2 (AS201-01), G3 (DHP), and G4 (combination of DHP and AS201-01). Pheripheral blood was collected during therapy for counting parasitemia. Placental samples were analyzed for the expression of IFN-γ, TNF- α, IL-10, placental parasite counts and foetal morphology.

Results
Groups G4 and G3 both showed a 100% inhibition of peripheral parasitemia. However, the treatment in G4 was found to be less effective than that in G2 and G3 in preventing placental parasitemia. The G4 treatment was able to reduce the expression of IFN-γ and IL-10, whereas TNF-α was not significantly different from the control group. Foetal morphologic abnormalities were observed in all groups except G2; G4 showed lower percentage of abnormalities compared to G3 and G1.

Conclusions
A combination of A. paniculata tablet (AS201-01) with DHP has the potential to reduce the toxicity of DHP in malaria treatment.
Fetal intracranial structures: differences in size according to sex
Authors: Kavak Ebru Celik , Kavak Salih Burcin , Sanli Cengiz , Batmaz Ibrahim , Ozden Seren , Sapmaz Ekrem 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objectives
We aimed to compare gender difference on sizes of some structures in the brain of normal male and female fetuses between 20 and 22 week gestations.

Methods
A total of 300 female and 300 male singleton pregnancies with low risk were included in the study. Biparietal diameter, head circumference, transcerebellar diameter, cisterna magna, nuchal fold thickness, anterior and posterior horn of lateral ventricles, length and width of cavum septum pellucidum were measured transabdominally. Mean±SD values were calculated and comparison of measurements were done between male and female fetuses. Kolmogorov–Smirnov and independent samples t-test were used for statistical analysis. A value of p<0.05 were accepted as statistically significant.

Results
We determined statistically significant difference in sizes of some structures of the brain of male and female fetuses. Mean±SD value of cavum septi pellucidi width was 3.38±0.61 and 3.85±0.96 in female and males, respectively (p<0.05). Male fetuses were also found to have larger anterior (1.92±0.30 vs. 1.58±0.26, p<0.0001) and posterior horn of lateral ventricles (6.00±0.87 vs. 5.53±1.17, p<0.05).

Conclusions
Difference in sizes of some structures of the brain starts in fetal life. This finding may be important in evaluating the intracranial structures more precisely. These results may also give a contribution to the understanding physiological and pathologic differences between males and females.
Using smartphones to document linguistic landscapes: the LinguaSnapp mobile app
Authors: Gaiser Leonie Elisa , Matras Yaron 
Published: February 2021

AbstractLinguaSnapp is a smartphone application developed to support documentation of linguistic landscapes, especially in multilingual urban settings. Since its launch in Manchester in 2016, bespoke versions have also been created for Melbourne, Jerusalem, St Petersburg and Hamburg. We describe the rationale and the operational setup behind the app, and provide examples of how the documentation facility can support analyses pertaining to the relation between language repertoire and spatial demarcations, and how it can be used in public engagement.
Secure account-based data capture with smartphones – preliminary results from a study of articulatory precision in clinical depression
Authors: Miley Erin Victoria , Schaeffler Felix , Beck Janet , Eichner Matthias , Jannetts Stephen 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Smartphone technology is continuously being updated through software and hardware changes. At present, a limited number of studies have been undertaken to assess the impact of these changes on data collection for linguistic research. This paper discusses the potential of smartphones to gather reliable recordings, along with ethical considerations for storing additional personal information when working in other contexts (i.e. healthcare settings). A pilot study was undertaken using the FitvoiceTM account-based application to analyse articulatory proficiency in depressed and healthy participants. Results suggest that phonetic differences exist between these groups in terms of plosive production, and that smartphones are capable of adequately recording these minute aspects of the speech signal for analysis.
Stimmen: A citizen science approach to minority language sociolinguistics
Authors: Hilton Nanna Haug 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper presents the project Stimmen fan Fryslân ‘Voices of Fryslân’. The project relies on a smartphone application developed to involve local communities in the creation of speech corpora, particularly of lesser used languages. This paper lays out the scientific and societal context of the project, showcases the smartphone application and gives an overview of the results from the project that attracted more than 15,000 users. Some key methodological issues are considered, and the paper discusses the role of smartphone technology for citizen science in minority language areas while also showing new maps with distributions of lexical and phonological variation in Frisian.
Gschmöis – Crowdsourcing grammatical data of Swiss German
Authors: Hasse Anja , Bachmann Sandro , Glaser Elvira 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn recent years, a number of applications on Swiss German have been released. They all crowdsource dialectological data, yet until recently their main focus has been on lexical and phonological features. In 2018, we launched the appgschmöis, an app designed to (1) give users an insight into dialectological research, and (2) collect Swiss German data on all linguistic levels, but with a strong emphasis on morphosyntactic phenomena. At the beginning, three rounds were published. Since then new rounds were published periodically. By including not only lexical and phonological features, we want speakers of Swiss German to become aware of differences in the grammar of various Swiss German dialects.The same linguistic phenomena are covered by multiple questions, and some of the questions are duplicated from more traditional projects, like atlas projects on Swiss German. This allows for comparison across different question types (i.e. translation tasks vs. multiple choice questions), different collection methods (fieldwork methods used in the SDS, written questionnaires used in the SADS, and crowdsourcing via the smartphone applicationgschmöis), and different groups of informants (NORMs vs. speakers of Swiss German of various gender and age groups). Furthermore, the older data of previous projects can directly be compared with the crowdsourced data, so that recent dialect change can be detected.
Schnëssen. Surveying language dynamics in Luxembourgish with a mobile research app
Authors: Entringer Nathalie , Gilles Peter , Martin Sara , Purschke Christoph 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The mobile app Schnëssen establishes a digital and participatory research platform to collect data on present-day spoken Luxembourgish through crowdsourcing and to present the results of data analysis to the general public. Users can participate in different kinds of audio recording tasks (translation, picture naming, reading, question) as well as in sociolinguistic surveys. All audio recordings are accessible to the public via an interactive map, which allows the participants to explore variation in Luxembourgish themselves. In the first year of data collection, roughly 210.000 recordings have be collected covering numerous variation phenomena on all linguistic levels. Additionally, over 2800 sociolinguistic questionnaires have been filled out. Compiling such amounts of data, the Schnëssen app represents the largest research corpus of spoken Luxembourgish.
Crowdscapes. Participatory research and the collaborative (re)construction of linguistic landscapes with Lingscape
Authors: Purschke Christoph 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Public signage is a central element of the socio-pragmatic organization of everyday practice. The survey of signs and written language in the public sphere has developed into a vital branch of sociolinguistics called “linguistic landscapes”. The paper introduces a participatory research project, Lingscape, that focuses on the documentation and analysis of linguistic landscapes worldwide. Making use of a dedicated mobile research app, the project aims at creating awareness for the semiotic complexity and social relevance of public signage. After the discussion of two basic functions of public signage and two fundamental pragmatic conditions of sign perception, the text briefly introduces the app and project workflow. This is followed by the results of an analysis of the Vienna linguistic landscape using a large dataset collected with the app. This includes a quantitative evaluation of the contributions by different user groups to the (re)construction of a Vienna “crowdscape” as well as a qualitative investigation of the presence and social status of Austrian German in said crowdscape. Finally, the text presents an in-depth discussion about challenges for participatory research in practical work that focuses on the objectives of participatory research and the practical necessities against the backdrop of academic practice.