bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the Impact of Planetary Boundary Layer, Land Surface Model, and Microphysics Parameterization Schemes on Cold Cloud Objects in Simulated GOES‐16 Brightness Temperatures
Authors: Griffin Sarah M. , Otkin Jason A. , Nebuda Sharon E. , Jensen Tara L. , Skinner Patrick S. , Gilleland Eric , Supinie Timothy A. , Xue Ming 
Published: July 2021

AbstractInfrared brightness temperatures (BTs) from the Geostationary Observing Environmental Satellite‐16 Advanced Baseline Imager are used to examine the ability of several microphysics and planetary boundary layer (PBL) schemes, as well as land surface models (LSM) and surface layers, to simulate upper‐level clouds. Six parameterization configurations were evaluated. Cloud objects are identified using the Method for Object‐Based Diagnostic Evaluation (MODE) and analyzed using the object‐based threat score, mean‐error distance, and pixel‐based metrics including the mean absolute error and mean bias error (MBE) for matched objects where the displacement between objects has been removed. Objects are identified using either a fixed BT threshold of 235 K or the 6.5th percentile of BTs for each model configuration. Analysis of the MODE‐identified cloud objects shows that, compared to a configuration with the Thompson microphysics scheme, Mellor‐Yamanda‐Nakanishi‐Niino (MYNN) PBL, Global Forecasting System (GFS) surface layer, and Noah LSM, the configuration employing the National Severe Storms Laboratory microphysics produced more cloud objects with higher BTs. Changing the PBL from MYNN to Shin‐Hong or Eddy‐Diffusivity Mass‐Flux also resulted in a slightly lower accuracy, though these changes result in configurations which more accurately reproduced the number of observation cloud objects and slightly reduced the high MBE. Changing the LSM from Noah to RUC reduces forecast accuracy by producing too many cloud objects with too low BTs. As the forecast hour increases, this accuracy reduction increases at a greater rate than occurred when changing the microphysics or PBL scheme and is further enhanced when using the MYNN surface layer rather than the GFS.
Tectonic Growth of the Late Paleozoic‐Middle Mesozoic Northwestern Margin of Laurentia and Implications for the Farewell Terrane: Stratigraphic, Structural, and Provenance Records From the Central Alaska Range
Authors: Keough B. M. , Ridgway K. D. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAnalysis of upper Paleozoic‐Jurassic strata in the central Alaska Range provides new insights into the following: the configuration of Late Triassic‐Jurassic depocenters along the northwestern Laurentian margin, the late Paleozoic paleogeographic position of the Farewell terrane, and the timing of accretion of the Farewell terrane to the Laurentian margin. Results from geologic mapping, stratigraphic analysis, and U‐Pb detrital zircon geochronology document two juxtaposed Paleozoic‐Jurassic stratigraphic assemblages. The Southern package consists of Permian‐Middle Triassic submarine fan strata and Upper Triassic pillow basalts that can be correlated with the Farewell terrane of the western Alaska Range. This package yields Ordovician‐Silurian and Late Pennsylvanian‐Early Permian detrital zircons linked to the Alexander and Wrangellia terranes. This detrital connection suggests that the Farewell terrane most likely collided with the Insular terranes in the paleo‐Pacific basin during the late Paleozoic. The Northern package, in contrast, consists of Upper Triassic‐Jurassic submarine fan strata deposited along the northwestern margin of Laurentia. An abundance of Neoproterozoic and early Paleozoic detrital zircons suggests recycling of Caledonian and Baltican zircons from the Ellesmerian clastic wedge of northwestern Canada. An influx of Late Triassic‐Early Jurassic detrital zircons in Upper Jurassic strata of the Northern package records the development of Mesozoic arc magmatism along the continental margin. Our findings document deformation consistent with latest Jurassic‐earliest Cretaceous accretion of the Farewell terrane to the Laurentian margin. Our results also suggest that the Farewell terrane may underlie much of the central Alaska Range, and played an important role in the construction of the northern Cordillera.
CRIP1 cooperates with BRCA2 to drive the nuclear enrichment of RAD51 and to facilitate homologous repair upon DNA damage induced by chemotherapy
Authors: Sun Huiying , Zhou Rui , Zheng Yannan , Wen Zhaowei , Zhang Dingling , Zeng Dongqiang , Wu Jianhua , Huang Zhenhua , Rong Xiaoxiang , Huang Na , Sun Li , Bin Jianping , Liao Yulin , Shi Min , Liao Wangjun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHomologous recombination (HR) repair is an important determinant of chemosensitivity. However, the mechanisms underlying HR regulation remain largely unknown. Cysteine-rich intestinal protein 1 (CRIP1) is a member of the LIM/double-zinc finger protein family and is overexpressed and associated with prognosis in several tumor types. However, to date, the functional role of CRIP1 in cancer biology is poorly understood. Here we found that CRIP1 downregulation causes HR repair deficiency with concomitant increase in cell sensitivity to cisplatin, epirubicin, and the poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitor olaparib in gastric cancer cells. Mechanistically, upon DNA damage, CRIP1 is deubiquitinated and upregulated by activated AKT signaling. CRIP1, in turn, promotes nuclear enrichment of RAD51, which is a prerequisite step for HR commencement, by stabilizing BRCA2 to counteract FBXO5-targeted RAD51 degradation and by binding to the core domain of RAD51 (RAD51184–257) in coordination with BRCA2, to facilitate nuclear export signal masking interactions between BRCA2 and RAD51. Moreover, through mass spectrometry screening, we found that KPNA4 is at least one of the carriers controlling the nucleo-cytoplasmic distribution of the CRIP1–BRCA2–RAD51 complex in response to chemotherapy. Consistent with these findings, RAD51 inhibitors block the CRIP1-mediated HR process, thereby restoring chemotherapy sensitivity of gastric cancer cells with high CRIP1 expression. Analysis of patient specimens revealed an abnormally high level of CRIP1 expression in GC tissues compared to that in the adjacent normal mucosa and a significant negative association between CRIP1 expression and survival time in patient cohorts with different types of solid tumors undergoing genotoxic treatments. In conclusion, our study suggests an essential function of CRIP1 in promoting HR repair and facilitating gastric cancer cell adaptation to genotoxic therapy.
The long noncoding RNA HOTAIRM1 controlled by AML1 enhances glucocorticoid resistance by activating RHOA/ROCK1 pathway through suppressing ARHGAP18
Authors: Liang Liang , Gu Wenbin , Li Meng , Gao Ran , Zhang Xin , Guo Chongye , Mi Shuangli 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAcquired resistance to glucocorticoids (GCs) is an obstacle to the effective treatment of leukemia, but the molecular mechanisms of steroid insensitivity have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we established an acquired GC-resistant leukemia cell model and found a long noncoding RNA, HOTAIRM1, was overexpressed in the resistant cells by transcriptional profiling, and was higher expressed in patients with poor prognosis. The whole-genome-binding sites of HOTAIRM1 were determined by ChIRP-seq (chromatin isolation by RNA purification combined with sequencing) analysis. Further study determined that HOTAIRM1 bound to the transcriptional inhibitory region of ARHGAP18 and repressed the expression of ARHGAP18, which led to the increase of RHOA/ROCK1 signaling pathway and promoted GC resistance through antiapoptosis of leukemia cells. The inhibition of ROCK1 in GC-resistant cells could restore GCs responsiveness. In addition, HOTAIRM1 could also act as a protein sequester to prevent transcription factor AML1(acute myeloid leukemia 1) from binding to the regulatory region of ARHGAP18 by interacting with AML1. At last, we also proved AML1 could directly activate the expression of HOTAIRM1 through binding to the promoter of HOTAIRM1, which enriched the knowledge on the regulation of lncRNAs. This study revealed epigenetic causes of glucocorticoid resistance from the perspective of lncRNA, and laid a foundation for the optimization of glucocorticoid-based leukemia treatment strategy in clinic.
Restoration of RPGR expression in vivo using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing
Authors: Gumerson Jessica D. , Alsufyani Amal , Yu Wenhan , Lei Jingqi , Sun Xun , Dong Lijin , Wu Zhijian , Li Tiansen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMutations in the gene for Retinitis Pigmentosa GTPase Regulator (RPGR) cause the X-linked form of inherited retinal degeneration, and the majority are frameshift mutations in a highly repetitive, purine-rich region of RPGR known as the OFR15 exon. Truncation of the reading frame in this terminal exon ablates the functionally important C-terminal domain. We hypothesized that targeted excision in ORF15 by CRISPR/Cas9 and the ensuing repair by non-homologous end joining could restore RPGR reading frame in a portion of mutant photoreceptors thereby correcting gene function in vivo. We tested this hypothesis in the rd9 mouse, a naturally occurring mutant line that carries a frameshift mutation in RPGRORF15, through a combination of germline and somatic gene therapy approaches. In germline gene-edited rd9 mice, probing with RPGR domain-specific antibodies demonstrated expression of full length RPGRORF15 protein. Hallmark features of RPGR mutation-associated early disease phenotypes, such as mislocalization of cone opsins, were no longer present. Subretinal injections of the same guide RNA (sgRNA) carried in AAV sgRNA and SpCas9 expression vectors restored reading frame of RPGRORF15 in a subpopulation of cells with broad distribution throughout the retina, confirming successful correction of the mutation. These data suggest that a simplified form of genome editing mediated by CRISPR, as described here, could be further developed to repair RPGRORF15 mutations in vivo.
NiFeOx decorated Ge-hematite/perovskite for an efficient water splitting system
Authors: Yoon Ki-Yong , Park Juhyung , Jung Minsu , Ji Sang-Geun , Lee Hosik , Seo Ji Hui , Kwak Myung-Jun , Il Seok Sang , Lee Jun Hee , Jang Ji-Hyun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTo boost the photoelectrochemical water oxidation performance of hematite photoanodes, high temperature annealing has been widely applied to enhance crystallinity, to improve the interface between the hematite-substrate interface, and to introduce tin-dopants from the substrate. However, when using additional dopants, the interaction between the unintentional tin and intentional dopant is poorly understood. Here, using germanium, we investigate how tin diffusion affects overall photoelectrochemical performance in germanium:tin co-doped systems. After revealing that germanium is a better dopant than tin, we develop a facile germanium-doping method which suppresses tin diffusion from the fluorine doped tin oxide substrate, significantly improving hematite performance. The NiFeOx@Ge-PH photoanode shows a photocurrent density of 4.6 mA cm−2 at 1.23 VRHE with a low turn-on voltage. After combining with a perovskite solar cell, our tandem system achieves 4.8% solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency (3.9 mA cm−2 in NiFeOx@Ge-PH/perovskite solar water splitting system). Our work provides important insights on a promising diagnostic tool for future co-doping system design.
Deep carbon cycle constrained by carbonate solubility
Authors: Farsang Stefan , Louvel Marion , Zhao Chaoshuai , Mezouar Mohamed , Rosa Angelika D. , Widmer Remo N. , Feng Xiaolei , Liu Jin , Redfern Simon A. T. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEarth’s deep carbon cycle affects atmospheric CO2, climate, and habitability. Owing to the extreme solubility of CaCO3, aqueous fluids released from the subducting slab could extract all carbon from the slab. However, recycling efficiency is estimated at only around 40%. Data from carbonate inclusions, petrology, and Mg isotope systematics indicate Ca2+ in carbonates is replaced by Mg2+ and other cations during subduction. Here we determined the solubility of dolomite [CaMg(CO3)2] and rhodochrosite (MnCO3), and put an upper limit on that of magnesite (MgCO3) under subduction zone conditions. Solubility decreases at least two orders of magnitude as carbonates become Mg-rich. This decreased solubility, coupled with heterogeneity of carbon and water subduction, may explain discrepancies in carbon recycling estimates. Over a range of slab settings, we find aqueous dissolution responsible for mobilizing 10 to 92% of slab carbon. Globally, aqueous fluids mobilise $${35}_{-17}^{+20}$$

35

−
17

+
20

% ($${27}_{-13}^{+16}$$

27

−
13

+
16

Mt/yr) of subducted carbon from subducting slabs.
Tumor-killing nanoreactors fueled by tumor debris can enhance radiofrequency ablation therapy and boost antitumor immune responses
Authors: Yang Zhijuan , Zhu Yujie , Dong Ziliang , Li Wei , Yang Nailin , Wang Xianwen , Feng Liangzhu , Liu Zhuang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRadiofrequency ablation (RFA) is clinically adopted to destruct solid tumors, but is often incapable of completely ablating large tumors and those with multiple metastatic sites. Here we develop a CaCO3-assisted double emulsion method to encapsulate lipoxidase and hemin with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) to enhance RFA. We show the HLCaP nanoreactors (NRs) with pH-dependent catalytic capacity can continuously produce cytotoxic lipid radicals via the lipid peroxidation chain reaction using cancer cell debris as the fuel. Upon being fixed inside the residual tumors post RFA, HLCaP NRs exhibit a suppression effect on residual tumors in mice and rabbits by triggering ferroptosis. Moreover, treatment with HLCaP NRs post RFA can prime antitumor immunity to effectively suppress the growth of both residual and metastatic tumors, also in combination with immune checkpoint blockade. This work highlights that tumor-debris-fueled nanoreactors can benefit RFA by inhibiting tumor recurrence and preventing tumor metastasis.
Single-cell microRNA sequencing method comparison and application to cell lines and circulating lung tumor cells
Authors: Hücker Sarah M. , Fehlmann Tobias , Werno Christian , Weidele Kathrin , Lüke Florian , Schlenska-Lange Anke , Klein Christoph A. , Keller Andreas , Kirsch Stefan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMolecular single cell analyses provide insights into physiological and pathological processes. Here, in a stepwise approach, we first evaluate 19 protocols for single cell small RNA sequencing on MCF7 cells spiked with 1 pg of 1,006 miRNAs. Second, we analyze MCF7 single cell equivalents of the eight best protocols. Third, we sequence single cells from eight different cell lines and 67 circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from seven SCLC patients. Altogether, we analyze 244 different samples. We observe high reproducibility within protocols and reads covered a broad spectrum of RNAs. For the 67 CTCs, we detect a median of 68 miRNAs, with 10 miRNAs being expressed in 90% of tested cells. Enrichment analysis suggested the lung as the most likely organ of origin and enrichment of cancer-related categories. Even the identification of non-annotated candidate miRNAs was feasible, underlining the potential of single cell small RNA sequencing.
Metastatic heterogeneity of the consensus molecular subtypes of colorectal cancer
Authors: Eide Peter W. , Moosavi Seyed H. , Eilertsen Ina A. , Brunsell Tuva H. , Langerud Jonas , Berg Kaja C. G. , Røsok Bård I. , Bjørnbeth Bjørn A. , Nesbakken Arild , Lothe Ragnhild A. , Sveen Anita 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGene expression-based subtypes of colorectal cancer have clinical relevance, but the representativeness of primary tumors and the consensus molecular subtypes (CMS) for metastatic cancers is not well known. We investigated the metastatic heterogeneity of CMS. The best approach to subtype translation was delineated by comparisons of transcriptomic profiles from 317 primary tumors and 295 liver metastases, including multi-metastatic samples from 45 patients and 14 primary-metastasis sets. Associations were validated in an external data set (n = 618). Projection of metastases onto principal components of primary tumors showed that metastases were depleted of CMS1-immune/CMS3-metabolic signals, enriched for CMS4-mesenchymal/stromal signals, and heavily influenced by the microenvironment. The tailored CMS classifier (available in an updated version of the R package CMScaller) therefore implemented an approach to regress out the liver tissue background. The majority of classified metastases were either CMS2 or CMS4. Nonetheless, subtype switching and inter-metastatic CMS heterogeneity were frequent and increased with sampling intensity. Poor-prognostic value of CMS1/3 metastases was consistent in the context of intra-patient tumor heterogeneity.
Multiscale criticality measures as general-purpose gauges of proper brain function
Authors: Fekete Tomer , Hinrichs Hermann , Sitt Jacobo Diego , Heinze Hans-Jochen , Shriki Oren 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe brain is universally regarded as a system for processing information. If so, any behavioral or cognitive dysfunction should lend itself to depiction in terms of information processing deficiencies. Information is characterized by recursive, hierarchical complexity. The brain accommodates this complexity by a hierarchy of large/slow and small/fast spatiotemporal loops of activity. Thus, successful information processing hinges upon tightly regulating the spatiotemporal makeup of activity, to optimally match the underlying multiscale delay structure of such hierarchical networks. Reduced capacity for information processing will then be expressed as deviance from this requisite multiscale character of spatiotemporal activity. This deviance is captured by a general family of multiscale criticality measures (MsCr). MsCr measures reflect the behavior of conventional criticality measures (such as the branching parameter) across temporal scale. We applied MsCr to MEG and EEG data in several telling degraded information processing scenarios. Consistently with our previous modeling work, MsCr measures systematically varied with information processing capacity: MsCr fingerprints showed deviance in the four states of compromised information processing examined in this study, disorders of consciousness, mild cognitive impairment, schizophrenia and even during pre-ictal activity. MsCr measures might thus be able to serve as general gauges of information processing capacity and, therefore, as normative measures of brain health.
Ultrasound: Reliability of a Pocket-Sized System in the Assessment of Swallowing
Authors: Winiker Katharina , Burnip Emma , Gozdzikowska Kristin , Hernandez Esther Guiu , Hammond Rebecca , Macrae Phoebe , Thomas Paige , Huckabee Maggie-Lee 
Published: July 2021

PurposeUltrasound imaging offers a noninvasive adjunct to clinical swallowing assessment. Published reliability of sophisticated ultrasound systems is promising; however, no data exist for reliability using more affordable, pocket-sized devices. This study explored intrarater, interrater, and test–retest reliability of swallowing measures acquired with pocket-sized ultrasound technology.MethodFive participants collected measures of swallowing from 20 healthy individuals using the Clarius ultrasound. Hyoid excursion and thyrohyoid approximation were derived during saliva, liquid, and puree swallowing. The cross-sectional area of the floor of mouth muscles and tongue thickness were obtained at rest. Measures were collected at two occasions minimum 11 days apart. Reliability was assessed for the entire process of data acquisition including scanning and online measurement, and for offline measurement of saved images.ResultsFor most measures, reliability was poor (ICC [intraclass correlation coefficient] < .50) to moderate (ICC = .50–.75) for the entire process of data acquisition and poor to good (ICC > .75) when measuring saved images.ConclusionFurther work is needed to elucidate whether our study findings apply to the Clarius system only or the data suggest a general limitation of pocket-sized ultrasound technology.
The relevance of educational fairs in the 21st century – decision matrix for exhibitors and visitors to participate
Authors: Schulze Susanne , Markovič Peter 
Published: July 2021

The aim of this article is to consider why exhibitors and visitors participate in educational fairs and whether these kinds of trade fairs are important for the professional and study orientation of young professionals. The main content of the article is to demonstrate the relevance of educational fairs and their opportunities and to show a basis for decisionmaking for exhibitors on how to determine whether a cost-intensive participation in an educational fair is worthwhile.
In principle, the analysis of current literature has shown that education fairs take place in large numbers, especially in Germany, and there is a desire for such presence and direct contact with target groups, especially under the current limitations of the Corona pandemic.
Based on research using expert interviews and an online survey, results were generated as to what information provides, why exhibitors and visitors use educational fairs. In conjunction with the literature research, criteria of exhibitors and visitors were compared for participation in the educational fair and then the decision criteria were merged into a pestel analysis. Finally, necessary decisions were summarised on educational fair planning, exhibition execution and educational fair analysis.
Educational fairs give exhibitors the possibility of direct contact with target groups and feedback. For visitors, educational fairs provide an overview of offers, possibly new impetus for educational offers or by practical testing the consolidation of the career wish.
It is to be expected that educational fairs will remain an important marketing tool in the future, possibly establishing hybrid formats.
COVID-19-Pandemie in der ambulanten Dialyse
Authors: Weinreich Thomas , Gehlen Frank , Hergesell Olaf , Hohenstein Bernd 
Published: July 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGIn der SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie sind Patienten mit chronischen Nierenerkrankungen und hierbei besonders chronische Dialysepatienten einem hohen Infektionsrisiko und im Falle einer Infektion mit Abstand dem höchsten Mortalitätsrisiko aller prädisponierenden Erkrankungen ausgesetzt. Ambulante Dialyseeinrichtungen erbringen dabei den Großteil der Versorgung dieser Patienten in Deutschland mit der lebensnotwendigen Nierenersatztherapie. Die Pandemie stellt diese Zentren vor enorme medizinische und organisatorische Herausforderungen. Insbesondere die Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeiter in der Pflege können sich dem direkten Kontakt mit den Patienten und damit auch potenziellen Infektionsquellen nicht entziehen. Neben der erst spät im Laufe der Pandemie in ausreichender Menge zur Verfügung stehenden Schutzausrüstung enttäuschte und frustrierte viele Pflegekräfte, Ärztinnen und Ärzte in diesen Zentren die Nichtberücksichtigung in einer prioritären Impfgruppe – sowohl von Mitarbeitern als auch Patienten – und die konsequente Verweigerung vonseiten des Bundesgesundheitsministeriums, auch diese Pflegekräfte bei der Ausschüttung eines Corona-Bonus miteinzubeziehen. Im Folgenden sind die Erfahrungen und der Umgang mit der SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie in der ambulanten Dialyse am Beispiel einer großen überörtlichen nephrologischen Praxis dargestellt.