bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Raman spectroscopy is sensitive to biochemical changes related to various cartilage injuries
Authors: Shaikh Rubina , Nippolainen Ervin , Virtanen Vesa , Torniainen Jari , Rieppo Lassi , Saarakkala Simo , Afara Isaac O. , Töyräs Juha 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRaman spectroscopy is promising in vivo tool in various biomedical applications; moreover, in recent years, its use for characterizing articular cartilage degeneration has been developing. It has also shown potential for scoring the severity of cartilage lesions, which could be useful in determining the optimal treatment strategy during cartilage repair surgery. However, the effect of different cartilage injury types on Raman spectra is unknown. This study aims to investigate the potential of Raman spectroscopy for detecting changes in cartilage due to different injury types. Artificial injuries were induced in cartilage samples using established mechanical and enzymatic approaches to mimic trauma‐induced and natural degeneration. Mechanical damage was induced using surface abrasion (ABR, n = 12) or impact loading (IMP, n = 12), while enzymatic damage was induced using three different treatments: 30 min trypsin digestion (T30, n = 12), 90 min collagenase digestion (C90, n = 12), and 24 h collagenase digestion (C24, n = 12). Raman spectra were obtained from all specimens, and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA) was used to distinguish cartilage injury types from their respective controls. PLS‐DA cross‐validation accuracies were higher for C24 (88%) and IMP (79%) than for C90 (67%), T30 (63%), and ABR (58%) groups. This study indicates that Raman spectroscopy, combined with multivariate analysis, can discern different cartilage injury types. This knowledge could be useful in clinical decision‐making, for example, selecting the optimal treatment remedy during cartilage repair surgery.
Ternary CdS1–xSexnanocrystals formed in Cd‐doped As–Se–S films due to photoenhanced diffusion during micro‐Raman measurement
Authors: Azhniuk Yuriy M. , Dzhagan Volodymyr M. , Solonenko Dmytro , Lopushansky Vasyl V. , Loya Vasyl Y. , Kryshenik Volodymyr M. , Voynarovych Ivan M. , Gomonnai Alexander V. , Zahn Dietrich R.T. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMicro‐Raman spectra of amorphous As–Se–S:Cd films prepared by thermal evaporation on silicon and silicate glass substrates measured at different laser power densities show the formation of CdS1–xSexnanocrystals in the As–Se–S:Cd film under laser beam illumination due to a photoinduced material transfer and photoenhanced diffusion in the laser spot area. The material transfer and the photoenhanced diffusion are caused by a non‐thermal interaction of light with the amorphous As–Se–S:Cd films. The chemical composition of the CdS1–xSexnanocrystals can be determined from the difference of the CdSe‐like and CdS‐like LO phonon wavenumbers in the Raman spectra. The photoluminescence peak energies are in agreement with the CdS1–xSexcomposition, with the average nanocrystal size being somewhat above the exciton Bohr radius.
A highly efficient nanoscale tapioca starch prepared by high‐speed jet for Cu2+ removal in simulated industrial effluent
Authors: Lian Fengli , Huang Xiaobing , Lin Yanyun , Xia Wen , Fu Tiaokun , Wang Fei , He Dongning , Zhou Wei , Li Jihua 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDNanoscale tapioca starch (NTS) was successfully developed by high‐speed jet in our previous study. In this study, the adsorption capacity of Cu2+ onto NTS was further discussed. The optimal adsorption conditions (pH, contact time, contact temperature, initial Cu2+ concentration, and adsorbent concentration), adsorption kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamic were also evaluated.RESULTSThe results showed that NTS exhibited excellent performance in adsorption of Cu2+, with adsorption capacities of 122.31 mg g−1 for Cu2+ (pH 7, 0.04 g L−1, 0.2 g L−1, 313.15 K and 10 min). The pseudo‐second‐order and Langmuir isotherms models could be used to explain the adsorption kinetics and adsorption equilibrium, respectively. The thermodynamic results showed that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic with an increase in entropy. Cu2+ was adsorbed onto NTS, which was confirmed by energy dispersive spectrometry analysis.CONCLUSIONThese findings indicated that NTS might be an effective, environment‐friendly and renewable bio‐resource adsorbent for removing heavy metals in industrial effluent. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Exponential stabilization of laminated beams with history memories
Authors: Feng B. , Almeida Júnior D. S. , Ramos A. J. A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this paper we consider laminated beams modelled from the well established Timoshenko system, which is a structure given by two identical layers uniform on top of each other, taking into account that an adhesive of small thickness is bonding the two surfaces and produces an interfacial slip. By using semi‐group approach, we prove the global well‐posedness of the system when a viscoelastic dissipation acts on the three equations. In addition, we prove that the dissipation through memory terms is strong enough to get exponential decay of the system without the condition of equal wave speeds.
Impaired Inhibitory Control of Saccadic Eye Movements in Cervical Dystonia: An Eye‐Tracking Study
Authors: Carbone Federico , Ellmerer Philipp , Ritter Marcel , Spielberger Sabine , Mahlknecht Philipp , Hametner Eva , Hussl Anna , Hotter Anna , Granata Roberta , Seppi Klaus , Boesch Sylvia , Poewe Werner , Djamshidian Atbin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe pathophysiology of cervical dystonia is still unclear. Recent evidence points toward a network disorder affecting several brain areas. The objective of this study was to assess the saccadic inhibition as a marker of corticostriatal function in cervical dystonia.MethodsWe recruited 31 cervical dystonia patients and 17 matched healthy controls. Subjects performed an overlap prosaccade, an antisaccade, and a countermanding task on an eye tracker to assess automatic visual response and response inhibition.ResultsCervical dystonia patients made more premature saccades (P = 0.041) in the overlap prosaccade task and more directional errors in the antisaccade task (P = 0.011) and had a higher rate of failed inhibition in the countermanding task (P = 0.001).ConclusionsThe results suggest altered saccadic inhibition in cervical dystonia, possibly as a consequence of dysfunctional corticostriatal networks. Further studies are warranted to confirm whether these abnormalities are affected by the available therapies and whether this type of impairment is found in other focal dystonias. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Foldable solar cells: Structure design and flexible materials
Authors: Li Pengfei , Wang Weiyan , Li Hongjiang , Miao Renjie , Feng Xuan , Qian Lei , Song Weijie 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFoldable solar cells, with the advantages of size compactness and shape transformation, have promising applications as power sources in wearable and portable electronics, building and vehicle integrated photovoltaics. However, in contrast to mild bending with curvature radius of several millimeters, folding generates the crease with extreme curvature radius of sub‐millimeter, resulting in the appearance of large strain and stress. As a result, it is highly challenging to realize robustly foldable and highly efficient solar cells. Here, we summarize the recent progress on the photovoltaic performance and mechanical robustness of foldable solar cells. The key requirements to construct highly foldable solar cells, including structure design based on tuning the neutral axis plane, and adopting flexible alternatives including substrates, transparent electrodes and absorbers, are intensively discussed. In the end, some perspectives for the future development of foldable solar cells, especially the standard folding procedure, improvement in the folding endurance through revealing failure mechanism, are provided.
rdss: An R package to facilitate the use of Murail et al.'s (1999) approach of sex estimation in past populations
Authors: Santos Frédéric 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAlthough several reliable methods of sex estimation—usually based on the os coxae—do exist, they cannot always be applied on fragmented archeological material, so that sex must be estimated using other skeletal parts. In 1999, Murail and co‐authors proposed an approach, which they called “secondary sex diagnosis,” consisting in using those individuals whose pelvic sex could be estimated as a reference sample for the extrapelvic sex estimation of the other individuals. The computational use of this approach may be cumbersome when dealing with very fragmented material and implies many heavily repetitive tasks if performed manually. rdss is an R package with a graphical user interface that facilitates all the steps of the so‐called secondary sex diagnosis and allows an easy assessment of the quality and relevance of the statistical models built and used during this process. In the present article, a small subset of the freely available online Goldman Data Set is used to illustrate the use of this package on real osteometric data, and some methodological caveats that regularly arise with archeological samples are discussed. Finally, some terminological elements are clarified or modified from the seminal publication. Further technical documentation about rdss, including a video tutorial, is available online.
A comprehensive review on cellulose nanocrystals and cellulose nanofibers: Pretreatment, preparation, and characterization
Authors: Nagarajan K. J. , Ramanujam N. R. , Sanjay M. R. , Siengchin Suchart. , Surya Rajan B. , Sathick Basha K. , Madhu P. , Raghav G. R. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCrafting ecological materials from green resources is posing a significant challenge for the researchers and scientists around the globe and has resulted in the development of nanocellulose materials, which has paved the way for enriching the basic knowledge and many opportunities on developing bio‐based materials. This has augmented the utilization of carbohydrate‐based organic materials and successfully replacing conventional nonrenewable materials. Cellulose nanomaterials (CNMs) belonging to the newer emerging field of nanomaterials are finding increasing interest among the investigators owing to their environmentally sustainable characteristics like biodegradability, biocompatibility, and potential availability in abundance at a cheaper price. The present review article intends to provide a detailed insight about the advancements and various challenges postured in the field of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and cellulose nanofibers (CNFs). The article further discusses about different cellulose fiber extraction sources and their methods, purification processes employed, various sample preparation and drying techniques used for CNCs and CNFs. The article also outlines the various characterization methods practiced for scrutinizing CNCs and CNFs when used in polymer matrix composites. Finally, the benefits of using the CNMs in several potential applications such as paper, oil and gas industries, food packaging and structural sectors, conductive ink and water purification areas, medical and printed electronic fields are highlighted in this extensively reviewed article.
Costs of utility‐scale photovoltaic systems integration in the future Italian energy scenarios
Authors: Veronese Elisa , Prina Matteo Giacomo , Berizzi Alberto , Moser David , Manzolini Giampaolo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study aims at introducing a new metric to evaluate the production costs of photovoltaic plants that includes the impacts of adding them in the existing energy system. In other words, the levelized cost of electricity concept is enlarged to incorporate the so‐called integration costs. They consider the costs of reinforcing the grid infrastructure to accept the increase of variable renewable sources production and the effects on the operating conditions of the existing fossil fuel power plants. These costs are applied to the utility‐scale photovoltaic plants to analyse how their market parity and profitability would change in the future if a more systematic approach is used to evaluate their production costs. Moreover, a bottom‐up energy system model performing an operational optimization is introduced and coupled with a genetic algorithm to perform the expansion capacity optimization. This model is used to study the effects on the utility‐scale photovoltaic plants' dispatchability if the integration costs are included. The Italian energy system and photovoltaic market projected to the year 2030 are taken as reference. The results of the market parity highlight that its achievement will not be compromised when the integration costs are considered, mainly thanks to the strong decrease of the investment costs expected in the future years. The results of the optimization underline that the future role of photovoltaic plants in the energy mix with low CO2 emissions will not be significantly affected, even when these additional costs are applied as annual costs.
Assessment of the biocontrol potential of natural enemies against psyllid populations in a pear tree orchard during spring
Authors: Gajski Domagoj , Pekár Stano 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDModern pest control management systems are based on the support of naturally occurring arthropod predators, as it has been shown that such predators offer an important ecosystem service. However, most naturally occurring arthropod predators are generalists (euryphagous). Their role in the biological control of specific pests has been recognized but remains poorly studied. Here, we focused on the naturally occurring arthropod predators of psyllids – the main insect pest of pear trees. We investigated the abundance of psyllids and all of their potential enemies in an abandoned pear orchard on a weekly basis from early spring to early summer. In addition, employing polymerase chain reaction diagnostics and specific primers, we investigated the predation rate on psyllids in all predators collected.RESULTSWe found four predatory groups: spiders were the most abundant (60%, N = 756), followed by coccinellid beetles, anthocorid bugs and cantharid beetles. Anthocorids and spiders had the highest predation rates among the predatory groups. Among spiders, >50% of foliage‐dwelling spiders (belonging to the genera Philodromus and Clubiona; N = 206) were positive for psyllids and showed a numerical response to the abundance of psyllids.CONCLUSIONWe conclude that foliage‐dwelling spiders are, of the four groups, the most important natural enemies of psyllids on pear trees during spring in Central Europe, as they outnumber specialized Anthocoris bugs. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Perspective: common errors in dose–response analysis and how to avoid them
Authors: Keshtkar Eshagh , Kudsk Per , Mesgaran Mohsen B 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDose–response experiments are conducted to determine the toxicity of chemicals on organisms. The relationship between dose and response is described by different statistical models. The four‐parameter log‐logistic model is widely used in pesticide sciences to derive biologically relevant parameters such as ED50 and resistance index (RI). However, there are some common errors associated with the calculation of ED50 and RI that can lead to erroneous conclusions. Here we discuss five common errors and propose guidance to avoid them. We suggest (i) all response curves must be fitted simultaneously to allow for proper comparison of parameters across curves, (ii) in the case of nonparallel curves absolute ED50 must be used instead of relative ED50, (iii) standard errors or confidence intervals of the parameters must be reported, (iv) the e parameter in asymmetrical models is not equal to ED50 and hence absolute ED50 must be estimated, and (v) when the four‐parameter log‐logistic model returns a negative value for the lower asymptote, which is biologically meaningless in most cases, the model should be reduced to its three‐parameter version or other types of model should be applied. The mixed‐effects model and the meta‐analytic approach are suggested as appropriate to average the parameters across repeated dose–response experiments. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
An integrated Qual/Quan strategy for ganglioside lipidomics using high‐resolution mass spectrometry and Skyline software
Authors: Ranasinghe Asoka , Ciccimaro Eugene , D’Arienzo Celia , Olah Timothy V. , Ponath Paul , Hnatyshyn Serhiy 
Published: January 2021

RationaleGangliosides (GS) are attractive targets in biomarker discovery because of their physiological significance in numerous human diseases including certain cancers and developmental and metabolic disorders. The robust strategy described here enables the profiling of numerous GS while obtaining quantitative data of exploratory biomarkers present in human plasma and whole blood.MethodThe GS from human blood, human plasma, and several cell lines were extracted using a mixture of methanol and isopropanol/0.1% formic acid followed by direct analysis of the supernatant. The simultaneous Qualitative and Quantitative (Qual/Quan) approach involves micro flow (20 μL/min) high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC)/high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and post‐acquisition data processing with Skyline software for profiling numerous GS in biological matrices. The quantitative assay involves reverse‐phase liquid chromatography/HRMS and calibration curves using commercially available GS.ResultsProtein precipitation resulted in ~60%–80% GS recovery from biological matrices. Direct injection of the extract allowed for quantification of targeted GS in human blood, plasma, and cancer cell lines. The lower limit of detection for the target analytes, GM1, GT1, GD1, spiked into 1% BSA/PBS, ranged from 1 to 10 ng/mL. Human lung cancer cell lines contained variable amounts (1–130 ng/mL) of soluble Fuc‐GM1 analogs, potential biomarkers of lung cancer.ConclusionsA combination of simple extraction and micro‐HPLC/HRMS allowed for quantification of GS in human serum and whole blood. Integration of HRMS with Skyline allowed for GS profiling in the same samples using post‐acquisition HRMS data without the need for reanalysis. The strategy presented here is expected to play an important role in profiling exploratory GS biomarkers in discovery bioanalytical research.
“BIs forBunny”: Contested Sign‐Making and the Possibilities for Performing School Literacy Differently
Authors: Kontovourki Stavroula , Siegel Marjorie 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe tremendous interest in multimodality within the field of literacy education has challenged the verbocentric literacy landscape of schools. Research on multimodality in classroom spaces has suggested that combining and juxtaposing multiple sign systems is a generative act of transforming meanings. Yet, attention to entanglements of pedagogy and power has been rare in the research on students’ engagement with multimodality. In this article, we complicate the research on the generative potential of children’s multimodal sign‐making in school by tracing the ways this process is saturated with power. Using a theoretical mash‐up, performative semiotics, we read a classroom event, situated in a computer lab, in which two kindergartners regarded as successful literacy learners designed digital texts about a bunny that some children reported seeing on a field trip. The multiple meanings ofbunnythat the children negotiated are theorized as chains of contested sign‐making that are performative. In tracing both sign‐making and performativity, the analysis makes visible the politics of schooled literacy and the way children’s performances appear fixed yet are destabilized in their interactions, thus complicating the assumption that multimodality is a generative process that can transform schooled literacy. This analytic mash‐up also focuses attention on the instability of classroom interactions and shows how this provides openings for performing literacy differently even as they remain bound to normalized and naturalized ways of being literate in school. Thus, we argue that claims about multimodality require attention to the way both fixity and instability produces school literacy performances.
The Different Facets of Metal‐Catalyzed C−H Functionalization Involving Quinone Compounds
Authors: Wood James M. , de Carvalho Renato L. , da Silva Júnior Eufrânio N. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMetal‐catalysed C−H functionalization has emerged as a powerful platform for the derivatization of quinones, a class of compounds with wide‐ranging applications. This review organises and discusses the evolution of this chemistry from early Fujiwara‐Moritani reactions, through to modern directing‐group assisted C−H functionalization processes, including C−H functionalization reactions directed by the quinone ring itself. Mechanistic details of these reactions are provided to afford insight into how the unique reactivity of quinoidal compounds has been leveraged in each example.
Cover systems with synthetic water‐repellent soils
Authors: Zheng Shuang , Xing Xin , Lourenço Sérgio D. N. , Cleall Peter J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA cover system is a crucial component of engineered landfills, to minimize water percolation into the underlying waste. Capillary barriers are an alternative cover system, which has been widely used in the arid and semiarid regions as no cohesive, low‐permeability materials are used. However, the performance of capillary barriers in tropical climate has been unsatisfactory (breakthrough observed). In recent years, synthetic water‐repellent granular materials have drawn increasing attention due to their distinctive hydraulic behavior (inhibited water infiltration and high water entry pressure), suggesting they may also be used to improve the performance of cover systems. In this study, flume tests were conducted with inclined model slopes under artificial rainfall. By monitoring the surface runoff, lateral diversion, and basal percolation and conducting water balance analysis, the performance of monolithic cover, conventional capillary barrier, and water‐repellent cover systems were evaluated. The study revealed that (a) the barrier effect and diversion capacity were significantly strengthened by induced water repellency, providing a promising solution to extend the application of capillary barrier covers; and (b) cover systems can be formed using one raw material to decrease the construction cost, by using synthetic water‐repellent soil as the underlying layer.