bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Airway abnormalities and pulmonary complications in long‐term treated late‐onset Pompe disease: Diagnostic and interventional by flexible bronchoscopy
Authors: Wang Ting‐Hao , Soong Wen‐Jue , Niu Dau‐Ming , Chu Yen‐Ling , Chen Li‐Zhen , Huang Ling‐Yi , Yang Chia‐Feng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study evaluates the whole airway abnormalities of long‐term treated late‐onset Pompe disease (LOPD) patients, with interventions using the flexible bronchoscope (FB). As a retrospective study, we follow up with our five LOPD patients treated with Myozyme from 2012 to 2021 regularly, but with a focus on the whole airway abnormalities of these patients visualized through FB. The long‐term clinical outcomes and relevant airway symptoms were assessed. Pulmonary function test and polysomnography were performed to evaluate the degree of respiratory compromise. All patients in the study had varying degrees of airway collapsibility, pulmonary complications, sleep apnea syndrome, and facial anomalies. Pulmonary function could preserve after Myozyme treatment, but potential deterioration thereafter. This is the first study that focuses on airway abnormalities and pulmonary complications in long‐term treated LOPD patients using FB. Despite years of Myozyme treatment, we still observed airway abnormalities in these patients. In our series, the pulmonary complications seem more obvious than those observed in patients with infantile‐onset Pompe disease, which might be related to the late diagnosis and treatment. We might recommend that FB could provide dynamic evaluation and interventions of airway abnormalities simultaneously. Early diagnosis of respiratory dysfunction is a critical prognostic factor of the long‐term outcome of treated LOPD patients.
Match_Motif: A rapid computational tool to assist in protein–protein interaction design
Authors: Zacharias Martin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn order to generate protein assemblies with a desired function, the rational design of protein–protein binding interfaces is of significant interest. Approaches based on random mutagenesis or directed evolution may involve complex experimental selection procedures. Also, molecular modeling approaches to design entirely new proteins and interactions with partner molecules can involve large computational efforts and screening steps. In order to simplify at least the initial effort for designing a putative binding interface between two proteins the Match_Motif approach has been developed. It employs the large collection of known protein–protein complex structures to suggest interface modifications that may lead to improved binding for a desired input interaction geometry. The approach extracts interaction motifs based on the backbone structure of short (four residues) segments and the relative arrangement with respect to short segments on the partner protein. The interaction geometry is used to search through a database of such motifs in known stable bound complexes. All matches are rapidly identified (within a few seconds) and collected and can be used to guide changes in the interface that may lead to improved binding. In the output, an alternative interface structure is also proposed based on the frequency of occurrence of side chains at a given interface position in all matches and based on sterical considerations. Applications of the procedure to known complex structures and alternative arrangements are presented and discussed. The program, data files, and example applications can be downloaded from https://www.groups.ph.tum.de/t38/downloads/.
Comparing, evaluating and combining statistical species distribution models and CLIMEX to forecast the distributions of emerging crop pests
Authors: Early Regan , Rwomushana Ivan , Chipabika Gilson , Day Roger 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDForecasting the spread of emerging pests is widely requested by pest management agencies in order to prioritise and target efforts. Two widely used approaches are statistical Species Distribution Models (SDMs) and CLIMEX, which uses ecophysiological parameters. Each have strengths and weaknesses. SDMs can incorporate almost any environmental condition and their accuracy can be formally evaluated to inform managers. However, accuracy is affected by data availability and can be limited for emerging pests, and SDMs usually predict year‐round distributions, not seasonal outbreaks. CLIMEX can formally incorporate expert ecophysiological knowledge and predicts seasonal outbreaks. However, the methods for formal evaluation are limited and rarely applied. We argue that both approaches can be informative and complementary, but we need tools to integrate and evaluate their accuracy. Here we develop such an approach, and test it by forecasting the potential global range of the tomato pest Tuta absoluta.RESULTSThe accuracy of previously developed CLIMEX and new statistical SDMs were comparable on average, but the best statistical SDM techniques and environmental data substantially outperformed CLIMEX. The ensembled approach changes expectations of T. absoluta's spread. The pest's environmental tolerances and potential range in Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, Central Asia and Australia will be larger than previous estimates.CONCLUSIONWe recommend that CLIMEX be considered one of a suite of SDM techniques and thus evaluated formally. CLIMEX and statistical SDMs should be compared and ensembled if possible. We provide code that can be used to do so when employing the biomod suite of SDM techniques. © 2021 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
On the use of inhibitors of 4‐hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase as a vector‐selective insecticide in the control of mosquitoes
Authors: Vergaray Ramirez Marlon A , Sterkel Marcos , Martins Ademir J , BP Lima José , L Oliveira Pedro 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDBlood‐sucking insects incorporate many times their body weight of blood in a single meal. Because proteins are the major component of vertebrate blood, its digestion in the gut generates extremely high concentrations of free amino acids. Previous reports showed that the tyrosine degradation pathway plays an essential role in adapting these animals to blood feeding. Inhibition of 4‐hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD), the rate‐limiting step of tyrosine degradation, results in the death of insects after a blood meal. Therefore, it has been suggested that compounds that block the catabolism of tyrosine could act selectively on blood‐feeding insects. Here, we evaluated the toxicity against mosquitoes of three HPPD inhibitors currently used as herbicides and in human health.RESULTSOf the compounds tested, nitisinone (NTBC) proved to be more potent than mesotrione (MES) and isoxaflutole (IFT) in Aedes aegypti. NTBC was lethal to Ae. aegypti in artificial feeding assays [median lethal dose (LD50): 4.53 μm] and in topical application (LD50: 0.012 nmol/mosquito). NTBC was also lethal to Ae. aegypti populations that were resistant to neurotoxic insecticides, and to other mosquito species (Anopheles and Culex).CONCLUSIONHPPD inhibitors, particularly NTBC, represent promising new drugs for mosquito control. Because they affect only blood‐feeding organisms, they represent a safer and more environmentally friendly alternative to conventional neurotoxic insecticides. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Baroclinicity in stable atmospheric boundary layers: Characterizing turbulence structures and collapsing wind profiles via reduced models and large‐eddy simulations
Authors: Momen Mostafa 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBaroclinicity is a common, while often overlooked, phenomenon in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) that significantly impacts mean wind and turbulence structures. It adds another layer of complexity to the much‐studied stable barotropic ABLs by modulating the pressure gradient in height. Despite the prevalence of baroclinic and stable conditions in nature, our knowledge of their interacting effects on stratified ABL features is limited. The article aims to bridge this knowledge gap by systematically varying baroclinicity and stability using the large‐eddy simulation (LES) technique. The results of 15 conducted LESs indicate that baroclinicity alters the Ekman spiral shape and the low‐level jet's height in stable ABLs. Friction velocity, Obukhov length, shear production and the ABL height are highly influenced by baroclinicity in weakly stable ABLs, whereas they converge to a constant asymptote as the stability increases, independent of the baroclinicity regime. This is attributed to the strong turbulence destruction in very stable ABLs that decouples the surface from higher elevations where the baroclinicity effect is more significant. A reduced model for baroclinic wind profiles is developed and an analytical estimation of that for weakly baroclinic regimes is tested against LES results. Two rescaling methods in the inner and outer layers of stable baroclinic ABLs are used in a novel way to non‐dimensionalize the wind profiles. The suggested approaches reasonably collapse baroclinic/barotropic stable wind profiles in all considered LES cases. This study's findings elucidate the underlying physics of baroclinic stable ABLs and are useful for characterizing the wind profiles in weather/climate models, field measurements, and various industrial applications.
EFT at FASERν
Authors: Falkowski Adam , González-Alonso Martín , Kopp Joachim , Soreq Yotam , Tabrizi Zahra 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We investigate the sensitivity of the FASERν detector to new physics in the form of non-standard neutrino interactions. FASERν, which will be installed 480 m downstream of the ATLAS interaction point, will for the first time study interactions of multi-TeV neutrinos from a controlled source. Our formalism — which is applicable to any current and future neutrino experiment — is based on the Standard Model Effective Theory (SMEFT) and its counterpart, Weak Effective Field Theory (WEFT), below the electroweak scale. Starting from the WEFT Lagrangian, we compute the coefficients that modify neutrino production in meson decays and detection via deep-inelastic scattering, and we express the new physics effects in terms of modified flavor transition probabilities. For some coupling structures, we find that FASERν will be able to constrain interactions that are two to three orders of magnitude weaker than Standard Model weak interactions, implying that the experiment will be indirectly probing new physics at the multi-TeV scale. In some cases, FASERν constraints will become comparable to existing limits — some of them derived for the first time in this paper — already with 150 fb−1 of data.
Extended DBI and its generalizations from graded soft theorems
Authors: Kampf Karol , Novotný Jiří , Vaško Petr 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We analyze a theory known as extended DBI, which interpolates between DBI and the U(N) × U(N)/U(N) non-linear sigma model and represents a nontrivial example of theories with mixed power counting. We discuss symmetries of the action and their geometrical origin; the special case of SU(2) extended DBI theory is treated in great detail. The revealed symmetries lead to a new type of graded soft theorem that allows us to prove on-shell constructibility of the tree-level S-matrix. It turns out that the on-shell constructibility of the full extended DBI remains valid, even if its DBI sub-theory is modified in such a way to preserve its own on-shell constructibility. We thus propose a slight generalization of the DBI sub-theory, which we call 2-scale DBI theory. Gluing it back to the rest of the extended DBI theory gives a new set of on-shell reconstructible theories — the 2-scale extended DBI theory and its descendants. The uniqueness of the parent theory is confirmed by the bottom-up approach that uses on-shell amplitude methods exclusively.
Shocks and information exchange in de Sitter space
Authors: Aalsma L. , Cole A. , Morvan E. , van der Schaar J. P. , Shiu G. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We discuss some implications of recent progress in understanding the black hole information paradox for complementarity in de Sitter space. Extending recent work by two of the authors, we describe a bulk procedure that allows information expelled through the cosmological horizon to be received by an antipodal observer. Generically, this information transfer takes a scrambling time t = H−1 log(SdS). We emphasize that this procedure relies crucially on selection of the Bunch-Davies vacuum state, interpreted as the thermofield double state that maximally entangles two antipodal static patches. The procedure also requires the presence of an (entangled) energy reservoir, created by the collection of Hawking modes from the cosmological horizon. We show how this procedure avoids a cloning paradox and comment on its implications.
Comparison of RGB-D and IMU-based gesture recognition for human-robot interaction in remanufacturing
Authors: Roda-Sanchez Luis , Garrido-Hidalgo Celia , García Arturo S. , Olivares Teresa , Fernández-Caballero Antonio 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWith product life-cycles getting shorter and limited availability of natural resources, the paradigm shift towards the circular economy is being impulsed. In this domain, the successful adoption of remanufacturing is key. However, its associated process efficiency is to date limited given high flexibility requirements for product disassembly. With the emergence of Industry 4.0, natural human-robot interaction is expected to provide numerous benefits in terms of (re)manufacturing efficiency and cost. In this regard, vision-based and wearable-based approaches are the most extended when it comes to establishing a gesture-based interaction interface. In this work, an experimental comparison of two different movement-estimation systems—(i) position data collected from Microsoft Kinect RGB-D cameras and (ii) acceleration data collected from inertial measurement units (IMUs)—is addressed. The results point to our IMU-based proposal, OperaBLE, having recognition accuracy rates up to 8.5 times higher than these of Microsoft Kinect, which proved to be dependent on the movement’s execution plane, subject’s posture, and focal distance.
A 646C > G (rs41423247) polymorphism of the glucocorticoid receptor as a risk factor for hyperglycaemia diagnosed in pregnancy—data from an observational study
Authors: Zawiejska Agnieszka , Bogacz Anna , Iciek Rafał , Lewicka-Rabska Agnieszka , Brązert Maciej , Mikołajczak Przemysław , Brązert Jacek 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Aim
Hyperglycaemia diagnosed in pregnancy (HiP) is a serious and frequent complication of pregnancy, increasing the risk for adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Investigate whether allelic variations of the glucocorticoid receptor are related to an increased risk of HiP.

Method
The following polymorphisms of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) were investigated in the cohort study of N = 197 pregnant women with HiP and N = 133 normoglycemic pregnant controls: 646C > G (rs41423247), N363S (rs6195), ER23/22EK (rs6190, rs6189).

Results
A GG variant of the rs41423247 polymorphism was associated with a significantly higher risk for HiP: OR 1.94 (1.18; 3.18), p = 0.009. The relationship remained significant after controlling for maternal age and prepregnancy BMI: OR 3.09 (1.25; 7.64), p = 0.014.

Conclusions
The allelic GG variant of the 646C > G (rs41423247) polymorphism is associated with an increased risk for hyperglycaemia in pregnancy.
Normal form of equivariant maps in infinite dimensions
Authors: Diez Tobias , Rudolph Gerd 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLocal normal form theorems for smooth equivariant maps between infinite-dimensional manifolds are established. These normal form results are new even in finite dimensions. The proof is inspired by the Lyapunov–Schmidt reduction for dynamical systems and by the Kuranishi method for moduli spaces. It uses a slice theorem for Fréchet manifolds as the main technical tool. As a consequence, the abstract moduli space obtained by factorizing a level set of the equivariant map with respect to the group action carries the structure of a Kuranishi space, i.e., such moduli spaces are locally modeled on the quotient by a compact group of the zero set of a smooth map. The general results are applied to the moduli space of anti-self-dual instantons, the Seiberg–Witten moduli space and the moduli space of pseudoholomorphic curves.
Large Deviations for Subcritical Bootstrap Percolation on the Erdős–Rényi Graph
Authors: Angel Omer , Kolesnik Brett 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe study atypical behavior in bootstrap percolation on the Erdős–Rényi random graph. Initially a setSis infected. Other vertices are infected once at leastrof their neighbors become infected. Janson et al. (Ann Appl Probab 22(5):1989–2047, 2012) locates the critical size ofS, above which it is likely that the infection will spread almost everywhere. Below this threshold, a central limit theorem is proved for the size of the eventually infected set. In this work, we calculate the rate function for the event that a small setSeventually infects an unexpected number of vertices, and identify the least-cost trajectory realizing such a large deviation.
How Good is the Science That Informs Government Policy? A Lesson From the U.K.’s Response to 2020 CoV-2 Outbreak
Authors: Cooper Jessica , Dimitriou Neofytos , Arandjelovíc Ognjen 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn an era when public faith in politicians is dwindling, yet trust in scientists remains relatively high, governments are increasingly emphasizing the role of science based policy-making in response to challenges such as climate change and global pandemics. In this paper we question the quality of some scientific advice given to governments and the robustness and transparency of the entire framework which envelopes such advice, all of which raise serious ethical concerns. In particular we focus on the so-called Imperial Model which heavily influenced the government of the United Kingdom in devising its response to the COVID-19 crisis. We focus on and highlight several fundamental methodological flaws of the model, raise concerns as to the robustness of the system which permitted these to remain unchallenged, and discuss the relevant ethical consequences.
Effects of a 16-week multimodal exercise program on activities of daily living in institutionalized individuals with dementia
Authors: Bezold Jelena , Trautwein Sandra , Barisch-Fritz Bettina , Scharpf Andrea , Krell-Roesch Janina , Nigg Claudio R. , Woll Alexander 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe aimed to examine the effects of a 16-week multimodal exercise program (MEP) on activities of daily living (ADL) in individuals with dementia (IWD). Furthermore, we investigated the participants’ individual response to the MEP and whether baseline cognitive and motor performance explain ADL performance. We conducted a multicenter randomized controlled trial (RCT) involving 319 participants aged ≥ 65 years with mild to moderate dementia. ADL were assessed at baseline and after the 16-week intervention using the Barthel Index (BI), the Erlangen Test of Activities of Daily Living (E-ADL) and the 7‑item Physical Performance Test (PPT-7). We additionally assessed cognitive and motor performance using standardized and validated assessments. Intervention effects were examined through two-factor analysis of variance with repeated measurements applying a per protocol and an intention-to-treat analysis. We compared baseline cognitive and motor performance between positive-responders (positive-R), non-responders (non-R), and negative-responders (negative-R) and examined cognitive and motor performance as potential cofounders of ADL by conducting multiple regression analyses. There were no significant time×group effects on ADL. Between 20 and 32% of participants responded positively to the intervention, i.e., improved ADL performance from baseline to follow-up. Positive-R had worse baseline motor performance compared to non-R. Cognitive and motor performance explained up to 51.4% of variance in ADL. The MEP had no significant overall effect on ADL in IWD. This may be related to insufficient exercise intensity. However, our results indicate that the response to the MEP depends on individual prerequisites which should thus be considered in further research on individual exercise approaches.
Oxygen (O2) reduction reaction on Ba-doped LaMnO3 cathodes in solid oxide fuel cells: a density functional theory study
Authors: Aniagyei Albert , Kwawu Caroline , Kwakye Ralph , Antwi Boniface Yeboah , Osei-Owusu Jonathan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe oxygen adsorption and subsequent reduction on the {100} and {110} surfaces of 25% Ba-doped LaMnO3(LBM25) have been studied at the density functional theory (DFT) with Hubbard correction and the results compared with adsorption on 25% Ca-doped LaMnO3(LCM25) and Sr-doped LaMnO3(LSM25). The trend in the reduction energies at the Mn cation sites are predicted to be in the order LSM25 < LBM25 < LCM25. In addition, the trend in dissociation energies for the most exothermic dissociated precursors follow the order LBM25 < LSM25 < LCM25. The adsorption energies (− 2.14 to − 2.41 eV) calculated for the molecular O2precursors at the Mn cation sites of LCM25, LSM25 and LBM25 are thermodynamically stable, when compared directly with the adsorption energies (Eads = − 0.56 to − 1.67 eV) reported for the stable molecular O2precursors on the Pt, Ni, Pd, Cu and Ir {111} surfaces. The predicted Gibbs energies as a function of temperature (T = 500–1100 °C) and pressures (p = 0.2 atm) for the adsorption and dissociation on the surfaces were negative, an indication of the feasibility of oxygen reduction reaction on the {100} and {110} surfaces at typical operating temperatures reported in this work.
Dual-task performance in old adults: cognitive, functional, psychosocial and socio-demographic variables
Authors: Campos-Magdaleno María , Pereiro Arturo , Navarro-Pardo Esperanza , Juncos-Rabadán Onésimo , Facal David 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Dual tasking, or the ability to executing two tasks simultaneously, has been used in recent research to predict cognitive impairments, physical frailty, and has been linked with cognitive frailty in old adults.

Aim
This study aimed to determine age-related variables can predict dual-task (DT) performance in the older population.

Methods
A total of 258 healthy community-dwelling participants + 60 years were assessed in relation to their functional capacity, health, well-being, social support and years of education. Performance of a cognitive (Fluency) task and a cognitive–motor (Tracking) task was recorded under single and DT conditions. Multiple linear regression analysis was carried out for each dependent variable, in separate models including cognitive, functional and psychosocial variables.

Results
Performance in Fluency in DT conditions was predicted by cognitive variables, whereas performance in Tracking DT conditions was predicted by positive interaction, health status, age and motor variables.

Discussion
The findings suggest that a wide range of cognitive, psychological, social, physical and functional variables influence cognitive and motor performance in aging.

Conclusion
DT methodology is sensitive to different age-related changes and could be related to frailty conditions in aging.