bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in 45,965 adults from the general population of the United Kingdom
Authors: Wei Jia , Stoesser Nicole , Matthews Philippa C. , Ayoubkhani Daniel , Studley Ruth , Bell Iain , Bell John I. , Newton John N. , Farrar Jeremy , Diamond Ian , Rourke Emma , Howarth Alison , Marsden Brian D. , Hoosdally Sarah , Jones E. Yvonne , Stuart David I. , Crook Derrick W. , Peto Tim E. A. , Pouwels Koen B. , Eyre David W. , Walker A. Sarah ,   the COVID-19 Infection Survey team, Lambert Alex , Thomas Tina , Black Russell , Felton Antonio , Crees Megan , Jones Joel , Lloyd Lina , Sutherland Esther , Pritchard Emma , Vihta Karina-Doris , Doherty George , Kavanagh James , Chau Kevin K. , Hatch Stephanie B. , Ebner Daniel , Ferreira Lucas Martins , Christott Thomas , Dejnirattisai Wanwisa , Mongkolsapaya Juthathip , Cameron Sarah , Tamblin-Hopper Phoebe , Wolna Magda , Brown Rachael , Cornall Richard , Screaton Gavin , Lythgoe Katrina , Bonsall David , Golubchik Tanya , Fryer Helen , Cox Stuart , Paddon Kevin , James Tim , House Thomas , Robotham Julie , Birrell Paul , Jordan Helena , Sheppard Tim , Athey Graham , Moody Dan , Curry Leigh , Brereton Pamela , Jarvis Ian , Godsmark Anna , Morris George , Mallick Bobby , Eeles Phil , Hay Jodie , VanSteenhouse Harper , Lee Jessica 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe report that in a cohort of 45,965 adults, who were receiving either the ChAdOx1 or the BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, in those who had no prior infection with SARS-CoV-2, seroconversion rates and quantitative antibody levels after a single dose were lower in older individuals, especially in those aged >60 years. Two vaccine doses achieved high responses across all ages. Antibody levels increased more slowly and to lower levels with a single dose of ChAdOx1 compared with a single dose of BNT162b2, but waned following a single dose of BNT162b2 in older individuals. In descriptive latent class models, we identified four responder subgroups, including a ‘low responder’ group that more commonly consisted of people aged >75 years, males and individuals with long-term health conditions. Given our findings, we propose that available vaccines should be prioritized for those not previously infected and that second doses should be prioritized for individuals aged >60 years. Further data are needed to better understand the extent to which quantitative antibody responses are associated with vaccine-mediated protection.
Insights into molecular structure, genome evolution and phylogenetic implication through mitochondrial genome sequence of Gleditsia sinensis
Authors: Yang Hongxia , Li Wenhui , Yu Xiaolei , Zhang Xiaoying , Zhang Zhongyi , Liu Yuxia , Wang Wenxiu , Tian Xiaoxuan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGleditsia sinensis is an endemic species widely distributed in China with high economic and medicinal value. To explore the genomic evolution and phylogenetic relationships of G. sinensis, the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of G. sinensis was sequenced and assembled, which was firstly reported in Gleditsia. The mt genome was circular and 594,121 bp in length, including 37 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 19 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes and 3 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. The overall base composition of the G. sinensis mt genome was 27.4% for A, 27.4% for T, 22.6% for G, 22.7% for C. The comparative analysis of PCGs in Fabaceae species showed that most of the ribosomal protein genes and succinate dehydrogenase genes were lost. In addition, we found that the rps4 gene was only lost in G. sinensis, whereas it was retained in other Fabaceae species. The phylogenetic analysis based on shared PCGs of 24 species (22 Fabaceae and 2 Solanaceae) showed that G. sinensis is evolutionarily closer to Senna species. In general, this research will provide valuable information for the evolution of G. sinensis and provide insight into the phylogenetic relationships within the family Fabaceae.
Tumor microenvironment in giant cell tumor of bone: evaluation of PD-L1 expression and SIRPα infiltration after denosumab treatment
Authors: Toda Yu , Kohashi Kenichi , Yamamoto Hidetaka , Ishihara Shin , Ito Yoshihiro , Susuki Yosuke , Kawaguchi Kengo , Kiyozawa Daisuke , Takamatsu Dai , Kinoshita Izumi , Yamada Yuichi , Maehara Junki , Kimura Atsushi , Tamiya Sadafumi , Taguchi Kenichi , Matsunobu Tomoya , Matsumoto Yoshihiro , Nakashima Yasuharu , Mawatari Masaaki , Oda Yoshinao 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGiant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is an intermediate malignant bone tumor that is locally aggressive and rarely metastasizes. Denosumab, which is a receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) inhibitor, can be used to treat GCTB. We focused on potential immunotherapy for GCTB and investigated the tumor microenvironment of GCTB. Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) expression and signal-regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα), forkhead box P3 (FOXP3), and cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8) infiltration were assessed by immunohistochemical studies of 137 tumor tissues from 96 patients. Of the naive primary specimens, 28% exhibited PD-L1 expression and 39% exhibited IDO1 expression. There was significantly more SIRPα+, FOXP3+, and CD8+ cell infiltration in PD-L1- and IDO1-positive tumors than in PD-L1- and IDO1-negative tumors. The frequency of PD-L1 expression and SIRPα+ cell infiltration in recurrent lesions treated with denosumab was significantly higher than in primary lesions and recurrent lesions not treated with denosumab. PD-L1 expression and higher SIRPα+ cell infiltration were significantly correlated with shorter recurrence-free survival. PD-L1 and SIRPα immune checkpoint inhibitors may provide clinical benefit in GCTB patients with recurrent lesions after denosumab therapy.
VHL suppresses RAPTOR and inhibits mTORC1 signaling in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Ganner Athina , Gehrke Christina , Klein Marinella , Thegtmeier Lena , Matulenski Tanja , Wingendorf Laura , Wang Lu , Pilz Felicitas , Greidl Lars , Meid Lisa , Kotsis Fruzsina , Walz Gerd , Frew Ian J. , Neumann-Haefelin Elke 
Published: July 2021

AbstractInactivation of the tumor suppressor von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) gene is a key event in hereditary and sporadic clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCC). The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway is a fundamental regulator of cell growth and proliferation, and hyperactivation of mTOR signaling is a common finding in VHL-dependent ccRCC. Deregulation of mTOR signaling correlates with tumor progression and poor outcome in patients with ccRCC. Here, we report that the regulatory-associated protein of mTOR (RAPTOR) is strikingly repressed by VHL. VHL interacts with RAPTOR and increases RAPTOR degradation by ubiquitination, thereby inhibiting mTORC1 signaling. Consistent with hyperactivation of mTORC1 signaling in VHL-deficient ccRCC, we observed that loss of vhl-1 function in C. elegans increased mTORC1 activity, supporting an evolutionary conserved mechanism. Our work reveals important new mechanistic insight into deregulation of mTORC1 signaling in ccRCC and links VHL directly to the control of RAPTOR/mTORC1. This may represent a novel mechanism whereby loss of VHL affects organ integrity and tumor behavior.
Spherulitic and rotational crystal growth of Quartz thin films
Authors: Lutjes Nick R. , Zhou Silang , Antoja-Lleonart Jordi , Noheda Beatriz , Ocelík Václav 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTo obtain crystalline thin films of alpha-Quartz represents a challenge due to the tendency for the material towards spherulitic growth. Thus, understanding the mechanisms that give rise to spherulitic growth can help regulate the growth process. Here the spherulitic type of 2D crystal growth in thin amorphous Quartz films was analyzed by electron back-scatter diffraction (EBSD). EBSD was used to measure the size, orientation, and rotation of crystallographic grains in polycrystalline SiO2 and GeO2 thin films with high spatial resolution. Individual spherulitic Quartz crystal colonies contain primary and secondary single crystal fibers, which grow radially from the colony center towards its edge, and fill a near circular crystalline area completely. During their growth, individual fibers form so-called rotational crystals, when some lattice planes are continuously bent. The directions of the lattice rotation axes in the fibers were determined by an enhanced analysis of EBSD data. A possible mechanism, including the generation of the particular type of dislocation(s), is suggested.
Smartphone-recorded physical activity for estimating cardiorespiratory fitness
Authors: Eades Micah T. , Tsanas Athanasios , Juraschek Stephen P. , Kramer Daniel B. , Gervino Ernest , Mukamal Kenneth J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWhile cardiorespiratory fitness is strongly associated with mortality and diverse outcomes, routine measurement is limited. We used smartphone-derived physical activity data to estimate fitness among 50 older adults. We recruited iPhone owners undergoing cardiac stress testing and collected recent iPhone physical activity data. Cardiorespiratory fitness was measured as peak metabolic equivalents of task (METs) achieved on cardiac stress test. We then estimated peak METs using multivariable regression models incorporating iPhone physical activity data, and validated with bootstrapping. Individual smartphone variables most significantly correlated with peak METs (p-values both < 0.001) included daily peak gait speed averaged over the preceding 30 days (r = 0.63) and root mean square of the successive differences of daily distance averaged over 365 days (r = 0.57). The best-performing multivariable regression model included the latter variable, as well as age and body mass index. This model explained 68% of variability in observed METs (95% CI 46%, 81%), and estimated peak METs with a bootstrapped mean absolute error of 1.28 METs (95% CI 0.98, 1.60). Our model using smartphone physical activity estimated cardiorespiratory fitness with high performance. Our results suggest larger, independent samples might yield estimates accurate and precise for risk stratification and disease prognostication.
Influence of the type of pathogen on the clinical course of infectious complications related to cardiac implantable electronic devices
Authors: Polewczyk Anna , Jacheć Wojciech , Segreti Luca , Bongiorni Maria Grazia , Kutarski Andrzej 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe specific role of the various pathogens causing cardiac implantable electronic devices-(CIEDs)-related infections requires further understanding. The data of 1241 patients undergoing transvenous lead extraction because of lead-related infective endocarditis (LRIE-773 patients) and pocket infection (PI-468 patients) in two high-volume centers were analyzed. Clinical course and long-term prognosis according to the pathogen were assessed. Blood and generator pocket cultures were most often positive for methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA: 22.19% and 18.13% respectively), methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus epidermidis (MSSE: 17.39% and 15.63%) and other staphylococci (11.59% and 6.46%). The worst long-term prognosis both in LRIE and PI subgroup was in patients with infection caused by Gram-positive microorganisms, other than staphylococci. The most common pathogens causing CIED infection are MSSA and MSSE, however, the role of other Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative organisms is also important. Comparable, high mortality in patients with LRIE and PI requires further studies.
Transmission dynamics of a linear vanA-plasmid during a nosocomial multiclonal outbreak of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in a non-endemic area, Japan
Authors: Fujiya Yoshihiro , Harada Tetsuya , Sugawara Yo , Akeda Yukihiro , Yasuda Masako , Masumi Ayako , Hayashi Junichi , Tanimura Nobuhiro , Tsujimoto Yoshihiro , Shibata Wataru , Yamaguchi Takahiro , Kawahara Ryuji , Nishi Isao , Hamada Shigeyuki , Tomono Kazunori , Kakeya Hiroshi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe spread of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) is a major threat in nosocomial settings. A large-scale multiclonal VRE outbreak has rarely been reported in Japan due to low VRE prevalence. We evaluated the transmission of vancomycin resistance in a multiclonal VRE outbreak, conducted biological and genomic analyses of VRE isolates, and assessed the implemented infection control measures. In total, 149 patients harboring VanA-type VRE were identified from April 2017 to October 2019, with 153 vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium isolated being grouped into 31 pulsotypes using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, wherein six sequence types belonged to clonal complex 17. Epidemic clones varied throughout the outbreak; however, they all carried vanA-plasmids (pIHVA). pIHVA is a linear plasmid, carrying a unique structural Tn1546 containing vanA; it moves between different Enterococcus spp. by genetic rearrangements. VRE infection incidence among patients in the “hot spot” ward correlated with the local VRE colonization prevalence. Local prevalence also correlated with vancomycin usage in the ward. Transmission of a novel transferrable vanA-plasmid among Enterococcus spp. resulted in genomic diversity in VRE in a non-endemic setting. The prevalence of VRE colonization and vancomycin usage at the ward level may serve as VRE cross-transmission indicators in non-intensive care units for outbreak control.
Differences between antioxidant defense parameters and specific trace element concentrations in healthy, benign, and malignant brain tissues
Authors: Borković-Mitić Slavica , Stojsavljević Aleksandar , Vujotić Ljiljana , Matić Siniša , Mitić Bojan , Manojlović Dragan , Pavlović Slađan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThere are only a few reports examining the impact of oxidative stress in patients with benign and malignant brain tumors. In this study we investigated whether there are changes in antioxidant system (AOS) parameters and key trace elements between control, benign and malignant brain tissues. The study also aimed to examine correlations between the analyzed parameters. The study enrolled both types of brain tumors, benign tumors (BT) and malignant tumors (MT). The results were compared with control tissue (CT) without tumor infiltration collected from patients with BT. The following antioxidant parameters were determined: activities of total, manganese-containing, and copper/zinc-containing superoxide dismutase (TotSOD, MnSOD and CuZnSOD), activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, glutathione reductase and acetylcholine esterase (AChE), the concentrations of glutathione and sulfhydryl groups and of manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and selenium (Se). BT and MT had altered activities/levels of multiple AOS parameters as compared to CT, indicating that tumor cells had an altered cell metabolism and changes in AOS represent adaptive response to increased oxidative stress. Low MnSOD and AChE and high GST activities were significant for distinguishing between MT and CT. Malignant tissue was also characterized by lower Mn and Cu concentrations relative to CT and BT. Principal Component Analysis clearly discriminated BT from CT and MT (PC1, 66.97%), while PC2 clearly discriminated CT from BT and MT (33.03%). Most correlative relationships were associated with Se in the BT group and Cu in the MT group. The results of this study reveal differences between the AOS parameters and the essential trace elements between the analyzed groups. The observed dysregulations show that oxidative stress could have an important role in disrupting brain homeostasis and its presence in the pathogenesis of benign and malignant brain tumors.
The effects of positive or negative self-talk on the alteration of brain functional connectivity by performing cognitive tasks
Authors: Kim Junhyung , Kwon Joon Hee , Kim Joohan , Kim Eun Joo , Kim Hesun Erin , Kyeong Sunghyon , Kim Jae-Jin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSelf-talk can improve cognitive performance, but the underlying mechanism of such improvement has not been investigated. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of self-talks on functional connectivity associated with cognitive performance. We used the short form of Progressive Matrices Test (sRPM) to measure differences in performance improvements between self-respect and self-criticism. Participants were scanned using functional magnetic resonance imaging in the following order: baseline, during-sRPM1, post-sRPM1, self-respect or self-criticism, during-sRPM2, and post-sRPM2. Analysis was conducted to identify the self-talks' modulatory effects on the reward-motivation, default mode, and central-executive networks. Increase in sRPM2 score compared to sRPM1 score was observed only after self-criticism. The self-talk-by-repetition interaction effect was not found for during-sRPM, but found for post-sRPM; decreased nucleus accumbens-based connectivity was shown after self-criticism compared with self-respect. However, the significant correlations between the connectivity change and performance change appeared only in the self-respect group. Our findings showed that positive self-talk and negative self-talk differently modulate brain states concerning cognitive performance. Self-respect may have both positive and negative effects due to enhanced executive functions and inaccurate confidence, respectively, whereas self-criticism may positively affect cognitive performance by inducing a less confident state that increases internal motivation and attention.
Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes protect trabecular meshwork from oxidative stress
Authors: Li Ying-chao , Zheng Juan , Wang Xi-zi , Wang Xin , Liu Wen-jing , Gao Jian-lu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the beneficial effects of exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on trabecular meshwork cells under oxidative stress and predict candidate genes associated with this process. Trabecular meshwork cells were pretreated with BMSC-derived exosomes for 24 h, and exposed to 0.1 mM H2O2 for 6 h. Survival rate of trabecular meshwork cells was measured with CCK-8 assay. Production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (iROS) was measured using a flow cytometer. RT-PCR and ELISA were used to detect mRNA and protein levels of inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Sequencing of RNA and miRNA for trabecular meshwork cells from Exo and control groups was performed on BGISEQ500 platform. Phenotypically, pretreatment of BMSC-derived exosomes improves survival rate of trabecular meshwork cells exposed to H2O2, reduces production of iROS, and inhibits expression of inflammatory cytokines, whereas increases expression of MMPs. There were 23 miRNAs, 307 lncRNAs, and 367 mRNAs differentially expressed between Exo and control groups. Exosomes derived from BMSCs may protect trabecular meshwork cells from oxidative stress. Candidate genes responsible for beneficial effects, such as DIO2 and HMOX1, were predicted.
Fate and adaptive plasticity of heterogeneous resistant population of Echinochloa colona in response to glyphosate
Authors: Asaduzzaman Md , Koetz Eric , Wu Hanwen , Hopwood Michael , Shephard Adam 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the fate of heterogenous herbicide resistant weed populations in response to management practices can help towards overcoming the resistance issues. We selected one pair of susceptible (S) and resistant (R) phenotypes (2B21-R vs 2B21-S and 2B37-R vs 2B37-S) separately from two glyphosate resistant heterogeneous populations (2B21 and 2B37) of Echinochloa colona and their fate and adaptive plasticity were evaluated after glyphosate application. Our study revealed the glyphosate concentration required to cause a 50% plant mortality (LD50) was 1187, 200, 3064, and 192 g a. e. ha−1 for the four phenotypes 2B21-R, 2B21-S, 2B37-R, and 2B37-S respectively. Both S phenotypes accumulated more biomass than the R phenotypes at the lower application rates (34 and 67.5 g a. e. ha−1) of glyphosate. However, the R phenotypes generally produced more biomass at rates of glyphosate higher than 100 g a. e. ha−1 throughout the growth period. Plants from the R phenotypes of 2B21 and 2B37 generated 32% and 38% fewer spikes plant−1 than their respective S counterparts in the absence of glyphosate respectively. The spike and seed numbers plant-1 significantly higher in R than S phenotypes at increased rates of glyphosate and these relationships were significant. Our research suggests that glyphosate-resistant E. colona plants will be less fit than susceptible plants (from the same population) in the absence of glyphosate. But in the presence of glyphosate, the R plants may eventually dominate in the field. The use of glyphosate is widespread in field, would favour the selection towards resistant individuals.
Increased medial prefrontal cortical thickness and resilience to traumatic experiences in North Korean refugees
Authors: Jeong Hyunwoo , Lee Yu Jin , Kim Nambeom , Jeon Sehyun , Jun Jin Yong , Yoo So Young , Lee So Hee , Lee Jooyoung , Kim Seog Ju 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLittle is known regarding structural brain changes in traumatized refugees and the association with psychopathology. In the present study, the cortical thickness in North Korean refugees and the association with psychological symptoms were explored. North Korean refugees with lifetime post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD group, n = 27), trauma-exposed North Korean refugees without lifetime PTSD (trauma-exposed control (TEC) group, n = 23), and healthy South Korean controls without traumatic experiences (HC group, n = 51) completed questionnaires assessing depression, anxiety, somatization, and PTSD symptoms. The cortical thickness was measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using FreeSurfer. Age- and sex-adjusted cortical thickness of the right medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) was greater in the TEC group than in the HC group. However, significant differences were not observed between the PTSD and HC groups. Increased right mPFC thickness was significantly correlated with less anxiety and somatization after controlling for age and sex in the TEC group, but not in the PTSD or HC groups. North Korean refugees who did not develop PTSD after trauma showed increased right mPFC thickness, which was associated with less severe psychiatric symptoms. These findings indicate that increased mPFC thickness might have helped to reduce PTSD and psychiatric symptoms after trauma, and likely reflects resilience achieved by potentially enhancing emotional regulation in the mPFC.