bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
More evidence of cryptic diversity in Anatololacerta species complex Arnold, Arribas and Carranza, 2007 (Squamata: Lacertidae) and re-evaluation of its current taxonomy
Authors: Karakasi Danae , Ilgaz Çetin , Kumlutaş Yusuf , Candan Kamil , Güçlü Özgür , Kankılıç Tolga , Beşer Nurettin , Sindaco Roberto , Lymberakis Petros , Poulakakis Nikos 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Genetic diversity is not always congruent with phenotypic heterogeneity, resulting in cryptic species complexes which cause a great struggle for scientists trying to define ‘species’ and describe relationships among taxa. Anatololacerta is a lizard genus distributed in southern and western Anatolia and some neighboring Aegean islands. Three morphospecies were recognized in Anatololacerta but a recent molecular study revealed the presence of cryptic diversity within the genus which led to the raise of a subspecies to species level. Currently the genus includes the species A. anatolica, A. danfordi, A. budaki and A. pelasgiana. Using a comprehensive sampling concerning both the number of specimens (218 specimens) and the genetic markers (3 nuclear and 3 mitochondrial), we performed phylogenetic analyses including tree reconstruction, species delimitation and divergence times estimation. The results revealed the occurrence of one more cryptic lineage which should be regarded as a separate species for which the name A. ibrahimi stat. nov. has priority. The existence of five well differentiated species with parapatric distributions in Anatololacerta is strongly supported. There is also evidence of recent and rapid radiation of the genus which probably causes phylogenetic relationships between these species to remain largely unresolved. At last, we proceeded to some nomenclatorial changes: The current name A. budaki was synonymized with A. pelasgiana because specimens of the type-locality of A. budaki are assigned genetically to A. pelasgiana. The genetic lineage including specimens currently assigned to A. budaki was named A. finikensis stat. nov., raising the subspecies A. b. finikensis to species level.
Contrary to vertebrates, less aggressive and more consistent individuals are common in disturbed habitats in the colonial spider Metabus gravidus (Araneae: Araneidae)
Authors: Daniel Abby , Chaves-Campos Johel 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Habitat disturbance may affect average behavioural types and consistency/plasticity of behaviour. Studies with solitary vertebrates suggest that human-modified habitats may favour bolder, more aggressive and more plastic individuals. We evaluated whether wild colonial spiders, Metabus gravidus, vary in the magnitude, consistency and plasticity of boldness and aggressiveness between an undisturbed forest and an adjacent urban area in Monteverde, Costa Rica. Repeatability of aggressiveness was high at the disturbed site but moderate at the undisturbed site; repeatability of boldness was low at both sites. Individual and population plasticity was similar between sites for both behaviours. Aggressiveness decreases with increasing colony size at the disturbed site; this trend was not observed at the undisturbed site. Boldness did not change with colony size. In contrast to solitary animals, our results indicate that less aggressive and more consistent colonies may have an advantage living in human-disturbed habitats.
Coercive Diplomacy and the Iranian Nuclear Crisis
Authors: Harris Benjamin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Coercive diplomacy was utilized by a coalition of the United States, United Kingdom, France, Russia, China and Germany (collectively known as the P5+1) to negotiate an end to the Iranian nuclear crisis from 2002–2013. Eventually, this approach culminated in the Geneva interim agreement and the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action in November 2013 and October 2015, respectively. This article charts the course of the P5+1’s coercive diplomacy efforts against Iran and demonstrates that coercive diplomacy pressured Iran to a point where the cost of continued resistance was too high to continue enduring. It shows that a combination of factors succeeded after 11 years of a coercive diplomacy strategy. These findings will have implications for policymaking and academia, as it is a rare illustration of successful, coalitional coercive diplomacy.
Answers
Authors: Frodon Jean-Michel 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The answers below touch on three different meanings of world cinema. First, world cinema is the acknowledgement of an existing cinema originated in the diversity of geographical and cultural contexts from all over the globe and expresses the rise of multiple local cinemas on a common international scene. Second, world cinema denotes to the films that proved to be recognizable as artistically valuable through these channels (festivals, critics, niche distributors) and conveys the idea that only certain types of films would be accepted on the international scene. And third, world cinema relates to a more specific type of films, that are not so many but gives a particular visibility to an immensely vast phenomenon with films that are either “without borders”, or mixing various origins and references. By keeping these in mind, the research on world cinema should be issue based, acknowledging de vast rainbow of various ways to make cinema, related with socio-economical and cultural contexts, political environment, inscription in various aspects of history of cinema aesthetics and other artistic and cultural means of expressions, local, regional and global. The films of world cinema are, or at least should be objects of research, objects of thinking, but also if not primarily objects of love.
Del Nido Cardioplegia in Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgery: A safe, efficacious and economic alternative to St. Thomas solution; an experience from a developing nation
Authors: Moktan Lama Purna Bahadur , Khakural Prabhat , Sigdel Shailendra , Raj Bhatta Mahendra , Sah Teli Rabindra , Baral Ravi Kumar , Bhattarai Anil , Pradhan Bishwas , Koirala Bhagawan 
Published: January 2021

Introduction: del Nido cardioplegia is a newer solution getting popular worldwide, whereas in Nepal, St. Thomas cardioplegia solution is conventionally used. There is no national recommendation on cardioplegia solutions supported by evidences from Nepalese studies. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the efficacy of these solutions in Nepalese patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Methods: Patients undergoing coronary revascularization, from May 2018 to December 2019, were randomized into St. Thomas and del Nido groups based on the cardioplegia administered, with 45 patients in each group. Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative parameters and cost of cardioplegia preparation in the two groups were compared. Results: The cardiopulmonary bypass time (106.13 ± 24.65 minutes vs 107.62 ± 18.69 minutes, p = 0.02), aortic cross clamp time (66.22 ± 15.40 minutes vs 72.07 ± 12.23 minutes, p = 0.04), volume (1059.22 ± 100.30 ml vs 1526.67 ± 271.81 ml, p < 0.001) and number of cardioplegia doses (1.00 ± 0.00 vs 2.51 ± 0.66, p < 0.001) were significantly lower with del Nido cardioplegia. A lower CPK-MB at second post-operative (59.91 ± 31.62 vs 73.82 ± 37.25, p = 0.03) and a higher left ventricle ejection fraction at discharge (56.33 ± 8.94% vs 50.45 ± 8.55%, p < 0.001) was observed in del Nido group. There was one death in St. Thomas group. ICU and hospital stay were similar in both groups. St. Thomas solution was found to be costlier than del Nido solution (USD 5.40 ± 0.96 vs USD 3.50 ± 0.34, p < 0.001). Conclusion: The del Nido cardioplegia was found to be efficacious, safe and more economical alternative to St. Thomas solution.
Risk factors for thoracolumbar pain following percutaneous vertebroplasty for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures
Authors: Fan Xiaoguang , Li Sha , Zeng Xianshang , Yu Weiguang , Liu Xiangzhen 
Published: January 2021

Objective To explore possible risk factors for poor outcomes following percutaneous vertebroplasty (PV) for painful osteoporotic compression fractures of thoracolumbar vertebra. Methods This was a retrospective review of data from patients who underwent PV at our institution over a ten-year period to evaluate the association between possible risk factors and thoracolumbar pain (T11-L2). According to the difference between pre- and post-operative visual analogue scale (VAS) scores for pain, patients were separated into poor relief (PR; <4) and good relief (GR; ≥4) of pain. Results Of the 750 patients identified, 630 (PR group, n =310; GR group, n = 320) fulfilled the eligibility criteria. Multivariate binary logistic analysis showed that bone mineral density (BMD), >2 fractured vertebral bodies, maldistribution of bone cement, <5 ml bone cement injected into a single vertebral body and thoracolumbar fascia injury prior to surgery were independent risk factors associated with thoracolumbar pain following PV. Conclusion Although prospective controlled studies are required to confirm our results, this review suggests that the above factors should be taken into account when selecting patients for PV.
The anti-ageing secret of massively multiplayer online game: Managing its lifecycle
Authors: Au Cheuk Hang , Ho Kevin KW 
Published: January 2021

It is estimated that from 2015 to 2025, the Global Multiplayer Online Game (MMOG) market will be growing at a compound annual growth rate of 10.2%. However, rapid market changes have shortened the lifespan of many MMOGs. This market phenomenon may demotivate prospective market players and thus decelerate the market growth. To address the lifespan issue, we conducted a netnographic case study on ‘TalesRunner’, which has successfully operated for longer than many other MMOGs. Based on the data from over 5.2 million messages from its official forum, as well as data from different secondary sources, we established a lifecycle model of MMOG in conjunction with the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework and offered theoretical implications for both MMOG and lifecycle theory. JEL Classification: M15
The Multiple Facilitator: Scientists, Sages and Rascals
Authors: Jansen Rob J. G. , van Zelst Marino 
Published: January 2021

Background. Games are designed to help participants think about, understand, sharpen their problem statement as well as the specific objectives to be achieved to escape the problem situation. When participants prepare for the game (briefing), interact in the simulated environment (gameplay), and self- or jointly reflect about the gameplay they faced in terms of intended and unintended learning experiences (debrief), they benefit or suffer from facilitating that can or cannot fully cater to their needs. To support the participants to explore and resolve the problem situation in order to achieve learning goals, we propose that facilitators can make use of role shifts during gameplay. Method. To capture the role shifts in the gameplay phase we studied game runs of the MicroTech game. The MicroTech game is a free-form game in which participants play the role of top management team or division managers in a multiunit organization. Results. We analyzed the role shifts we experienced as facilitators by elaborating on game events and how we could manage those events differently in future game runs if necessary. We show a need for facilitators to be able to embody multiple roles in the case of policy gaming that are in fit with the different phases, while there is a simultaneous need to shift within phases in order to keep participants moving and stimulating them to work towards the learning goals. Conclusion. Gaming/simulation facilitators should explore what multiplicity is required of them to make the game a success. Although this may seem normal practice to well-prepared and professionally trained facilitators, this may be particularly important for novice facilitators.
Intermediate-Term Outcomes of a Third-Generation, 2-Component Total Ankle Prosthesis
Authors: Rushing Calvin J. , Mckenna Bryon J. , Zulauf Emily A. , Hyer Christopher F. , Berlet Gregory C. 
Published: January 2021

Background: Short-term outcomes for the INBONE I and INBONE II tibial stems have been favorable. The INBONE-II talus has been shown to have lower reoperation and failure rates compared to its predecessor at short term follow-up. The purpose of the present study was to assess mid-term outcomes for the third generation, two component total ankle prosthesis at 5 to 9 years follow-up, evaluating both the tibial and talar components. Methods: All patients who underwent primary total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) with INBONE-II between July 2010 and July 2014 at a single institution and who were at least 5 years postoperative were included. A total of 15 ankles with a mean follow-up of 85 months (range, 61-113 months) met the criteria. Radiographs were assessed using coronal and sagittal alignment parameters preoperatively, at 6 weeks postoperatively, and at the most recent follow-up. Medical records were reviewed and revisions, reoperations, and complications were classified according to the criteria established by Vander Griend et al and Glazebrook et al, respectively. Results: The survivorship of the prosthesis at a mean of 85 months was 93.7%. The coronal and sagittal tibiotalar alignments 6 weeks after surgery were 2.1 degrees ( P = .081) and 36% ( P = .15), respectively. Maintenance of this alignment was observed during the latest follow-up ( P = .684 and P = .837, respectively). One ankle (6.7%) required early component revision, while 4 (26.7%) required a non–implant-related revision. Six complications (2 high grade, 1 intermediate, and 3 low) in 5 ankles (33.3%) were recorded according to the Glazebrook classification system. Conclusion: The present study is the first to report midterm follow-up after TAA with this third-generation, 2-component prothesis. High survivorship, maintenance of correction, and a low incidence of major complications were observed in this small case series. The most common complication overall was lateral gutter impingement, which accounted for the majority of the nonrevisional reoperations. Level of Evidence: Level IV, case series.
Adhesive Small Bowel Obstruction and the six w’s: Who, How, Why, When, What, and Where to diagnose and operate?
Authors: Podda M. , Khan M. , Di Saverio S. 
Published: January 2021

Background and Aims: Approximately 75% of patients admitted with small bowel obstruction have intra-abdominal adhesions as their cause (adhesive small bowel obstruction). Up to 70% of adhesive small bowel obstruction cases, in the absence of strangulation and bowel ischemia, can be successfully treated with conservative management. However, emerging evidence shows that surgery performed early during the first episode of adhesive small bowel obstruction is highly effective. The objective of this narrative review is to summarize the current evidence on adhesive small bowel obstruction management strategies. Materials and Methods: A review of the literature published over the last 20 years was performed to assess Who, hoW, Why, When, What, and Where diagnose and operate on patients with adhesive small bowel obstruction. Results: Adequate patient selection through physical examination and computed tomography is the key factor of the entire management strategy, as failure to detect patients with strangulated adhesive small bowel obstruction and bowel ischemia is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The indication for surgical exploration is usually defined as a failure to pass contrast into the ascending colon within 8–24 h. However, operative management with early adhesiolysis, defined as operative intervention on either the calendar day of admission or the calendar day after admission, has recently shown to be associated with an overall long-term survival benefit compared to conservative management. Regarding the surgical technique, laparoscopy should be used only in selected patients with an anticipated single obstructing band, and there should be a low threshold for conversion to an open procedure in cases of high risk of bowel injuries. Conclusion: Although most adhesive small bowel obstruction patients without suspicion of bowel strangulation or gangrene are currently managed nonoperatively, the long-term outcomes following this approach need to be analyzed in a more exhaustive way, as surgery performed early during the first episode of adhesive small bowel obstruction has shown to be highly effective, with a lower rate of recurrence.
Comparison of Induction Chemotherapy Plus Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy and Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy Alone in Locally Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Xu Guoqiang , Wang Qiaoli , Wu Xingrao , Lv Chunyan , Zeng Guilin , Xue Zhihong , Cao Ruixue , Zhang Nan , Xiong Wei , Huang Qin 
Published: January 2021

Purpose: Induction chemotherapy plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy and concurrent chemoradiotherapy alone are both standard treatment regimens for managing locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. However, the results of comparisons between them in clinical trials vary. Therefore, we designed this meta-analysis to illustrate their advantages and disadvantages in patients with locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods: We thoroughly searched the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases and then merged the effect indicators of hazard ratios and risk ratios using RevMan 5.1. Results: Seven randomized controlled trials totaling 2,319 patients were included in our research. The synthesized results showed that induction chemotherapy plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy improved overall survival (HR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.63-0.89, P = 0.001), progression-free survival (HR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.60-0.80, P < 0.001), distant metastasis-free survival (HR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.53-0.80, P < 0.001) and locoregional recurrence-free survival (HR = 0.68 95%, CI: 0.54-0.86, P = 0.001) versus concurrent chemoradiotherapy alone. It also increased the risk of anemia, thrombocytopenia, and neutropenia during concurrent chemoradiotherapy. However, the incidence of leukopenia and mucositis was similar in induction chemotherapy and induction chemotherapy plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Furthermore, the subgroup analysis showed better survival outcomes with induction chemotherapy plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy than with concurrent chemoradiotherapy alone in the triweekly cisplatin subgroup (all P < 0.01), whereas induction chemotherapy plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy could only improve progression-free survival and locoregional recurrence-free survival in the weekly cisplatin subgroup (HR = 0.78, P = 0.02; and HR = 0.66, P = 0.03, respectively). Conclusions: Induction chemotherapy plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy improved survival outcomes in patients with locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma versus concurrent chemoradiotherapy. For the weekly cisplatin regimen subgroup, it did not improve remote control or overall survival versus concurrent chemoradiotherapy alone, warranting further clarification.
Embolization of dural arteriovenous fistula during twin pregnancy – A case report and literature review
Authors: Ishigami Daiichiro , Koizumi Satoshi , Ishikawa Osamu , Toshimitsu Masatake , Iriyama Takayuki , Miyawaki Satoru , Saito Nobuhito 
Published: January 2021

Background Several literature reviews have suggested that pregnancy may trigger the formation of dural arteriovenous fistulae (DAVF). However, few case reports have described DAVF discovered during pregnancy, and treatment strategies remain largely unknown. Case description: A 28-year-old primigravid woman without any medical history of note presented to our hospital for natural twin conception. She started to feel left-sided pulsatile tinnitus in 23 weeks of gestation. Magnetic resonance imaging of the head raised suspicion of left cavernous sinus DAVF with leptomeningeal venous drainage. Considering the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage due to the increased cardiac output in the third trimester of a twin pregnancy, we performed transarterial embolization for the DAVF, which was successfully achieved without complications in 28 weeks of gestation. Tinnitus resolved immediately after the procedure, and the postoperative course proved uneventful. Both fetuses were safely delivered by cesarean section on 37 1/7 weeks of gestation. Conclusions We encountered a case of cavernous sinus DAVF during a twin pregnancy. This case suggests that hemodynamic shift due to pregnancy has potential to cause higher shunt flow in an arteriovenous fistula. The timing of treatment should be determined in consideration of the hemodynamic change in the course of pregnancy. If X-ray exposures and iodine contrast media are appropriately managed, endovascular intervention is one treatment option, even during pregnancy.
The Prevalence of Odontogenic Pathology in Patients With Bilateral Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Matsumoto Yuma , Yokoi Hidenori , Ikeda Tetsuya , Kawada Michitsugu , Saito Koichiro 
Published: January 2021

Objective We investigated cases with opacification on maxillary sinus computed tomography (CT) among patients with rhinosinusitis with opacification in both paranasal sinuses (bilateral rhinosinusitis) to confirm the involvement of odontogenic infections. Methods This study included 75 patients who were diagnosed with bilateral rhinosinusitis based on clinical examination and evident opacification on at least one side on maxillary sinus imaging with computed tomography CT. The definition of odontogenic sinusitis was determined by examining EPT and oral findings, in addition to the CT and orthopantomography (OP), by one oral surgeon and two otolaryngologists. Results We found that 45.3% of patients had odontogenic infections, which were associated with multiple infected teeth in some cases. Odontogenic infection was observed in both sinuses in some patients. Sinusitis with polyps was frequently associated with dental infection, and some cases were also associated with mycosis. Almost no oral symptoms were observed. Conclusions The results suggest that clinicians should consider odontogenic infection in patients with bilateral rhinosinusitis with opacification, on at least one side on maxillary sinus imaging. This means that accurate diagnosis may be challenging for otolaryngologist or dentists alone, suggesting that a collaboration between the two would be suitable for this task.