bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of essential oil from red citronella leaves (Cymbopogon nardus L.)
Authors: Wicaksono Akhmad Permadi , Afandi Fadila Ardiansyah , Wira Guardiola Rosa , Adzani Mayla Fayzza , Erliyanti Nove Kartika 
Published: December 2024

Citronella leaves are generally processed using conventional methods to obtain its essential oil. UMAE (Ultrasound-Microwave Assisted Extraction) method can be a replacement of conventional methods. UMAE is an extraction process assisted by ultrasonic waves and microwaves. NaCl solution can be used as a solvent in the UMAE method due to its large dielectric constant value. This research aimed to examinethe effect of microwave power and salt concentration on the characteristics of citronella leaf essential oil (density, refractive index, color, and solubility in alcohol). The extraction method used in this research was Ultrasound Microwave-Assisted Extraction (UMAE). The solvent and material used in this research were NaCl salt solution and Red Citronella Leaves (Cymbopogon nardus L.). The first stage carried out in this research was pre-treatment assisted by ultrasonic waves for five minutes at a temperature of 35 ᵒC, solvent concentrations of 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8% (w/v). The second stage was microwave-assisted extraction with a microwave power of 150, 300, 450, 600, and 750 Watts. The best results were produced at a concentration of 4% NaCl salt solution and 450Watt microwave power with yellow color, density value 0.8898 g/mL, refractive index 1.456, and solubility in alcohol 1:2. Overall, the quality of citronella leaves essential oil was in range of SNI 06-3953 1995. Therefore, the Red Citronella Leaves (Cymbopogon nardus L.) in the future can be considered as the alternative resource of citronella essential oil due to its good characteristics, among many varieties of citronella plants.
Effect of flow rate and condenser cooling water temperature on product yield of coconut trunk sawdust pyrolysis liquid smoke
Authors: B Srisitisugiastuti , Aladin Andi , Syarif Takdir , Wiyani Lastri 
Published: December 2024

Liquid smoke is a product resulting from the pyrolysis of biomass waste that contains chemical compounds with various applications, such as food preservatives, natural pesticides, and raw materials for the chemical industry. Liquid smoke is a by-product of simultaneous pyrolysis. To maximize the yield of liquid smoke while minimizing mass loss that could potentially pollute the environment, the simultaneous pyrolysisreactor needs to operate under optimal condensation conditions. This study observed two condensation parameters: the flow rate and the cooling water temperature of the condenser, using the case study of pyrolysis of biomass waste from coconut trunk sawdust. Pyrolysis was conducted at a temperature of 400°C for 2.5 hours, varying the flow rate of the cooling water in the condenser (1, 2, 2.5, 3, and 3.5 liters/minute)and the temperature of the cooling water (10°C, 20°C, 25°C, and 30°C). A multivariable nonlinear mathematical model was obtained, relating the yield of liquid smoke (y; %) to the water temperature parameter (x1) and the flow rate of the cooling water in the condenser (x2), which is expressed as y = 6.68 + 1.89x1 – 0.04x1² – 0.41x1x2 + 13.06x2 – 0.89x2². It was concluded that the optimal condensation conditions consist of a flow rate and cooling water temperature of 2 liters/minute and 20°C, respectively, yielding a maximum of 36% liquid smoke, 33% charcoal, and a minimum mass loss of 31%. Based on the coefficient values in the obtained mathematical model, it can also be concluded that the more dominant parameter affecting the yield of liquid smoke is the flow rate of the cooling water in the condenser, with a coefficient value of 13.06. An effective condensation system can enhance the conversion efficiency of pyrolysis vapour into liquid smoke and minimize potential pollution, demonstrating significant potential in processing biomass waste into valuable products, such as liquid smoke and charcoal, while being more environmentally friendly and energy-efficient.
Preparation of wollastonite from zeolite-containing rock by solid-phase synthesis
Authors: Mishagin K. A. , Yamaleeva E. S. , Gotlib E. M. , Khatsrinov A. I. 
Published: December 2024

The Tatarsko-Shatrashan zeolite-containing deposit, located in the southwest of the Republic of Tatarstan, contains a large amount of calcite (10-50%) of the total mass of the rock, as well as other minerals – zeolite, opal-cristoballite-tridymite. Such a composition requires an expensive zeolite enrichment process, which significantly affects the cost of the final product. The work proposes the use of zeolite-containing rock for the synthesis of calcium silicates, in particular wollastonite. Calcite – limestone flour (dolomite) was used as a Ca-containing source material in this work; zeolite-containing siliceous rock of the Tatarsko-Shatrashan deposit was used as a silicon-containing material, which also includes a source of calcium in the form of calcite (up to 40%). The solid-phase synthesis process was carried out in a SNOL 1100/7.2 muffle furnace at temperatures of 900 and 1100°C, raising to a given temperature was carried out at a rate of 5 °C/min, holding time was 3 hours. The starting components were mixed in stoichiometric ratios CaO:SiO2=0.7-1.1. The work used a generally accepted method for identifying synthesis products – X-ray quantitative analysis. It has been shown that with a CaO:SiO2 ratio in the range of 0.8-0.9 and isothermal exposure for 3 hours at a temperature of 1100 °C, the highest yield of wollastonite is observed – 67-79%. The morphology of calcium silicate was studied using scanning electron microscopy. The resulting calcium silicate can be characterized as a low aspect ratio sintered product with a shape similar to tabular structures. Wollastonite of this form can be used in the ceramic industry as an effective additive that improves the drying characteristics of ceramic masses.
Development of a method for producing mayonnaise sauce using peppermint hydrolate
Authors: Terekhina A. V. , Zueva N. V. , Yarosheva V. N. 
Published: December 2024

As natural flavors for mayonnaise and mayonnaise sauces, it is proposed to use oil extracts and hydrosols of aromatic and essential oil plants, in particular peppermint hydrosol. Hydrolates contain active components that can increase the biological value of the finished product. A method for obtaining hydrolate is presented; it was obtained by distillation with saturated steam. The recipe for the developed sauce is given. By replacing part of the water with hydrolate, the sauce is enriched with new natural biologically active substances. Non-polar nutritionally dependent substances do not enter the water fraction, the organoleptic properties of the raw materials are well preserved, and this is exactly what is needed for the sauce. Production does not require any re-equipment of the production line. To obtain mayonnaise sauce with peppermint hydrolate, dry ingredients salt, stevia, flaxseed flour and dry milk are mixed with water and hydrolate for 30 minutes at 80–85 °C, then the mixture is cooled to 60–65 °C and egg powder is added and mixing continues. for 3-5 minutes, after which the mixture is pumped into a cooled mixer and when the mass temperature reaches 35-40 °C with the mixer running, a mixture of oils (corn, camelina) is fed into the mixer, and when the mass temperature reaches 25-30 °C, cold water is supplied to The mixer jacket is stopped and lactic acid is loaded into the mixer. The proposed method for producing mayonnaise sauce with peppermint hydrolate allows enterprises to produce products with an optimized fatty acid composition and natural flavoring additives.
Designing of the Biological Product "AGROBIOLOG" for Mitigating Pesticide Stress in Agricultural Plants and Stimulating Their Growth
Authors: Chetverikov S. P. , Chetverikova D. V. , Hkudaygulov G. G. , Bakaeva M. D. , Kenjieva A. A. 
Published: December 2024

The results of the selection of new plant growth-promoting bacteria resistant to herbicides of different chemical structure are presented. Two methods were used for screening: sowing on microbiological media from freshly sampled soil and obtaining enrichment cultures from soil samples exposed to herbicides for a month at a temperature of 28 °C. Inoculation was carried out on selective nutrient media containing herbicides Octapon extra (2,5 g/l), Florax (2,5 g/l), Dicamba (1 g/l), Nanomet (1 g/l), Spetsnaz (1 g/l) or Chistalan (2,5 g/l). These herbicides are commonly used to control weeds in wheat crops. The isolated microorganisms belong to the genus Pseudomonas, fix nitrogen, mobilize phosphates, synthesize phytohormones and antimicrobial compounds. They also can mitigate pesticide stress of crops. An anti-stress biological product containing them has been developed and tentatively named "AGROBIOLOG". For its production, the optimal composition of the nutrient medium and the conditions for industrial submerged cultivation on reactors of various volumes were determined. In the laboratory fermenter FA10 with a volume of 10 liters after 72 hours of cultivation at a temperature of 28 °C, a stirrer speed of 200 rpm, aeration of 0.5 volumes of air per 1 min per 1 volume of medium, the amount of viable cells was 28 billion CFU/ml of culture liquid. Cultivation on biological reactors with a volume of 1000 liters under the same conditions allowed to achieve a titer of 6.0 billion CFU/ml of culture liquid.
Valorization and Characterization of the Physicomechanical Properties of Textile Waste for Polymer Composites
Authors: Melesse E. Y. , Filinskaya Y. A. , Kirsh I. A. , Alhkair A. Y. 
Published: December 2024

The environmental crisis of textile waste in the globe has increased due to the growth of fashion show, industrialization, and demand increment. Despite the Huge amount of textile waste its utilization has not been performed yet except for a little investigation. The present work emphasized the mechanical and permeability character of polymer synthesis of TGGA composites(textile waste, gelatin, glycerol, and acetic acid), fixed at 15% w/w of gelatin, 7 ml glycerol, 6 ml acetic acid through the 2.5% w/w, 5% w/w, and 7%w/w of the amount of cellulose waste. Thereby, the tensile strength of TGGA2 composite showed higher than TGGA1 and TGGA3, due to uniformity distribution of the amount of the textile cellulosic waste. Nonetheless, the elongation at break and water vapor permeability were decreased with the increased amount of the textile waste. Morphological structure of the synthesized composites such as cotton fibers and matrices were visible, rough and non-void area in all the samples. Besides, incorporation of the plasticizing agents confirmed that the TGGA – composites displayed better extensibility and flexibility compared to non-plasticizing composite films currently reported in the literature. Importantly, the produced composites exhibited a functionality equivalent with original packaging materials, which were convectional and natural polymers.
The effect of peppermint extract on the storage of meat semi-finished products
Authors: El-Suhaimy Sobhy A.A. , Oleneva Z. A. , Toshev A. D. , Tazeddinova D. 
Published: December 2024

The purpose of the study is to study the effectiveness of peppermint extract as a natural preservative for the shelf life of a semi-finished product. Peppermint extract showed a high content of moisture-retaining properties, where the addition of peppermint extract 0.05% and 0.1% had the highest WHC. No significant difference was found between the sample treated with peppermint (PW>0.05), which reached the final pH levels of 5.98 ± 0.04 and 5.52 ± 0.06. The TBARS level showed slight changes in the range from the initial ones, peppermint was 0.36 and 0.38 - 0.84 and 0.81 mg MDA per kg of semi-finished product. Vegetable extract of peppermint, with the addition of 0.05% or 0.1% (by weight) It was more effective and significantly (р>0.05) slowed down lipid oxidation, the TBARS value in the positive control group with BHT was much lower than that of the control analogues and remained almost unchanged during the storage period. The assessment of protein oxidation showed significant differences (р<0.05) in peppermint at a concentration of 0.5 ppm (PW 0.5) and a concentrate of 1.0 ppm (PW 1.0), the carbonyl content values were 12.81±0.54 and 12.11±0.08. Thus, phenolic compounds probably protected the protein by slowing down the main initiating oxidation factors. In controlling the growth of microorganisms, starting with peppermint extract, during processing, PW 1.0 retained the number of microorganisms with a slight increase until the 12th day of storage. In addition, the low initial content of peppermint helped to maintain the indicators within the acceptable range until the 24th day of storage in the refrigerator (2×106 CFU/g). At various concentrations, peppermint had high antimicrobial activity, a decrease in the amounts of microbial and other representatives had negative control, especially when treated with 0.2% and 0.5%. Semi-finished products with peppermint extract have received significantly high results and final estimates as a preservative. According to the organoleptic assessment, it can be said that significantly (PW>0.05) higher ratings for appearance and taste qualities were revealed compared to the formulations of color and aroma after processing.
Study of phase transformations in the process of solid-phase synthesis of diopside based on rice husk ash
Authors: Tverdov I. D. , Yamaleeva E. S. , Gotlib E. M. , Kholin K. V. , Sultanov T. P. 
Published: December 2024

To optimize the diopside synthesis process, it is necessary to study the phase transformations that occur as a result of the interaction of rice husk ash and dolomite at different stages of firing. Target. Study of phase transformations in the process of solid-phase synthesis of diopside to ensure its maximum yield. Methods. Complex differential thermal analysis (DTA), X-ray quantitative phase analysis (XQFA). Results. Using the DTA method, it was discovered that the DTA curve in the region of 621-761 °С shows an endothermic effect, with a maximum at a temperature of 740°C, associated with the decomposition of calcium-magnesium carbonate (dolomite) and the formation of calcium and magnesium oxides, with the release of carbon dioxide. Two exothermic effects are observed in the temperature ranges 982–1281°C and 1281–1345 °C, with corresponding maxima at 1152 and 1301 °C, characteristic of the transformation of calcium, magnesium and silicon oxides into calcium-magnesium silicate - diopside. The XRD method has shown that, indeed, when the initial components are fired at 1000 °С, the monticellite phase is mainly formed, a certain amount of unreacted silicon oxide remains, and the process of formation of diopside and ackermanite begins. When the firing temperature increases from 1100 to 1150 0C (the first exothermic peak on the DTA curve), not only the recrystallization of monticellite into diopside occurs, but also the separation of forsterite as a separate phase. The firing temperature of the initial components at 1300 °C (the second exothermic peak on the DTA curve) corresponds to the final transition of all silicates to diopside. Conclusions. The process of synthesis of diopside from rice husk ash and dolomite goes through the stages of dolomite decomposition with the formation of calcium and magnesium oxides, then the appearance of the monticellite phase, then the separation of forsterite as a separate phase. At a temperature of 1300°C, all previously formed silicates finally transform into diopside.
Improving sucrose extraction technology when processing substandard raw materials
Authors: Kulneva N. G. , Posledova Y. I. 
Published: December 2024

Long-term storage of large volumes of sugar beets, due to an increase in the production capacity of enterprises, leads to a decrease in the technological quality of raw materials. Unstable weather conditions cause freezing and subsequent thawing, which destroys beet tissue, increasing its accessibility to microorganisms. Processing of substandard raw materials is accompanied by the use of a whole range of bactericidal drugs at different stages of production, to which resistance of the accompanying microflora develops over time. To reduce the degree of infection of intermediate products at the production site, it is proposed to use a bactericidal preparation based on the sodium salt of dichloroisocyanuric acid (DCCN), which can be introduced into the extractant before feeding it into the diffusion apparatus. The influence of the quantity, concentration of the DCCN solution and the temperature of the extractant on the qualitative characteristics of diffusion and purified juices was experimentally established. A positive effect of DCN was revealed during the processing of beets contaminated with Leuconostoc mesenteroides. Using mathematical modeling methods, regression dependencies were obtained that reflect the relationship between process parameters and quality characteristics of juices. The optimal parameters for the use of DCCN in preparing the extractant for the diffusion process have been established: temperature 65 °C, concentration of the DCCN solution 0.05 %, its amount 15 %. This drug can also be used at the stages of storing sugar beets, processing beet chips before extraction, and disinfecting equipment.
Method of calculation of a two-stage separation system of a biofuel production installation
Authors: Sotnikov V. G. , Safin R. G. , Zagirov A. N. , Timerbaev N. F. , Guryanov D. A. 
Published: December 2024

Currently, the processing of plant waste is a promising area of development in modern energy. There are many methods for recycling waste, but not all of them are economically feasible and environmentally friendly. One of the most common processing methods is fast ablative pyrolysis, designed for thermal processing of waste without access to oxygen. As a result of such processing, carbon residue and pyrolysis gas are formed. The amount of pyrolysis gases produced is 60 % or more of the mass of processed raw materials. In order for pyrolysis gases to become high-quality fuel, they must be subjected to a separation process that takes place in devices called a vapor condenser. When separating pyrolysis gases, it is better not to use conventional oil and gas condensers since the condensed pyrolysis gases have a high tar content, which causes faster wear of the device. For the installation for the production of pyrolysis fuel, a two-stage separation system is proposed, designed to separate pyrolysis gases into fractional components: pyrolysis distillate, non-condensable combustible gas and water. The article presents the design of a two-stage separation system. The principle of operation of a two-stage separation system is described, and a diagram of its structure is given. A method for calculating a two-stage separation system is presented, which makes it possible to determine the geometric parameters of scrubber and ejector type capacitors.
Prospects for the use of complex additive to improve biotechnological characteristics of yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae
Authors: Maslov A. V. , Mingaleeva Z. S. , Starovoitova O. V. , Agzamova L. I. , Reshetnik O. A. 
Published: December 2024

One of the main factors affecting the quality of bread are microbiological and biochemical processes occurring in dough semifinished products as a result of yeast activity. These processes can be controlled by regulating the biotechnological characteristics of yeast, which allows to intensify technological operations of baking production. Baking yeast should have high enzymatic activity, the ability to release carbon dioxide in anaerobic conditions and quickly adapt to changes in the composition of the nutrient medium. These properties of yeast can be improved by pre-activation in nutrient media containing components that intensify the synthesis of fermentation enzymes in yeast cells. The aim of the work was to study the effect of pre-activation of pressed baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in nutrient media with food complex additive on their biotechnological characteristics: lifting force and enzymatic activity (zymase, maltase). Yeast lifting force was determined by accelerated method. Zymase and maltase activities were determined by measuring the time for which 10 cm3 of carbon dioxide is released during digestion of glucose and maltose solutions by yeast, respectively. The novelty of the work consists in the establishment of parameters of preliminary activation of baker's yeast Saccharomyces serevisiae with the use of food complex additive. It is shown that the optimal duration of yeast pre-activation is 20 min. Pre-activation of pressed yeast contributed to the increase of their biotechnological characteristics: yeast lifting force increased by 46.9 %, zymase activity - by 37.7 %, maltase activity - by 13.4 %. The obtained results indicate the promising application of yeast pre-activation in nutrient medium with food complex additive in the production of bakery products
Effect of Cooperative Script Method On Learning Achievement of 3rd Grade Students On Fiqh Subject In Raudhatussalam Islamic Boarding School Yogyakarta
Authors: Azkia Zulfa Azka , Firmansah Defi , Putra Irfan Nusantara 
Published: December 2024

Applying the learning method can create active students in the learning process. One of them is the Cooperative Script Method, where the students are invited to play an active role in delivering learning material, and then at the end of the implementation, the teacher draws conclusions and makes clear explanations about the material. Fiqh is the chosen lesson because it discusses various laws from several Islamic teachings. From the step in this method, it can invite children to read, understand the lesson, and explain what they have understood to their classmates. And then, they understand better and can distinguish between one law and another. This study aimed to determine the effect of this method on the learning achievement of 3rd-grade students in Fiqh lesson at Raudhatussalam Islamic Boarding School. The research used a quantitative method, and the research design was a True Experiment with the post-test Control Group Design. This study took a sample of result from all student of 3rd grade student totaling 31 with 15 people being the control class and 16 people being the experimental class. The data analysis technique is used in descriptive analysis, prerequisite tests, and hypothesis testing with Mann Whitney. The result showed that sig. 0,01 < 0,05. It shows the influence of applying the Cooperative Script Method on learning achievement of 3rd-grade students in Fiqh lesson at Raudhatussalam Islamic Boarding School—