bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Applications of Prussian Blue and Its Analogues as Electrochemical Sensors
Authors: Ying Shuanglu , Chen Chen , Wang Jiang , Lu Chunxiao , Liu Tian , Kong Yuxuan , Yi Fei‐Yan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPrussian blue (PB) and its analogue (PBA) are a kind of representative cyanide‐based coordination polymer. They have received enormous research interest and have shown promising applications in the electrochemical sensing field due to their excellent electrochemical activity and unique structural characteristics including open framework structure, high specific surface area, and adjustable metal active sites. In this review, we summarize the latest research progress of PB/PBA as an electrochemical sensor in detail from three aspects: fabrication strategy, synthesis method and electrochemical sensor application. For the fabrication strategy, we discussed different fabrication methods containing the combination of PBA and carbon materials, metal nanoparticles, polymers, etc., respectively, as well as their corresponding sensing mechanism for improving performance. We also presented the synthesis methods of PB/PBA materials in detail, such as: coprecipitation, hydrothermal and electrodeposition. In addition, the effects of different methods on the morphology, particle size and productivity of PB/PBA materials are also concluded. For the application of electrochemical sensors, the latest progress of such materials as electrochemical sensors for glucose, H2O2, toxic compounds, and biomolecules have been summarized. Finally, we conclude remaining challenges of PB/PBA‐based materials as electrochemical sensors, and provide personal perspectives for future research in this field.
Operation, analysis, and implementation of a reduced device count asymmetrical multilevel inverter
Authors: Sarwer Zeeshan , Sharma Ankush Kumar , Zaid Mohammad , Sarwar Adil 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAn asymmetrically structured multilevel inverter (MLI) having reduced device count feature is discussed in this paper. The proposed converter can successfully produce 21 levels in its output voltage waveform. The basic module of the proposed MLI has 10 unidirectional and 2 bidirectional switches along with 4 dc sources. However, the possibility of the extension in the basic structure has also been discussed with the aim to increase the number of levels. The analysis includes the simulation performed for different conditions and the thermal modeling of the circuit, using PLECS software, for finding the power losses. For generating the switching signals, nearest level control (NLC) has been used as the pulse width modulation method. With the help of a laboratory prototype, the experimental implementation of the proposed topology has been done and the various outcomes conform the simulation results. All the simulations and the experimental results have been presented and explained in the work. The harmonic analysis shows that the total harmonic distortion (THD) in the output voltage is 3.5%.
Pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) enamel phosphate δ18O values reflect climate seasonality: Implications for paleoclimate reconstruction
Authors: Fraser Danielle , Kim Sora L. , Welker Jeffrey M. , Clementz Mark T. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractStable oxygen isotope (δ18O) compositions from vertebrate tooth enamel are widely used as biogeochemical proxies for paleoclimate. However, the utility of enamel oxygen isotope values for environmental reconstruction varies among species. Herein, we evaluate the use of stable oxygen isotope compositions from pronghorn (Antilocapra americana Gray, 1866) enamel for reconstructing paleoclimate seasonality, an elusive but important parameter for understanding past ecosystems. We serially sampled the lower third molars of recent adult pronghorn from Wyoming for δ18O in phosphate (δ18OPO4) and compared patterns to interpolated and measured yearly variation in environmental waters as well as from sagebrush leaves, lakes, and rivers (δ18Ow). As expected, the oxygen isotope compositions of phosphate from pronghorn enamel are enriched in 18O relative to environmental waters. For a more direct comparison, we converted δ18Ow values into expected δ18OPO4* values (δ18OW‐PO4*). Pronghorn δ18OPO4 values from tooth enamel record nearly the full amplitude of seasonal variation from Wyoming δ18OW‐PO4* values. Furthermore, pronghorn enamel δ18OPO4 values are more similar to modeled δ18OW‐PO4* values from plant leaf waters than meteoric waters, suggesting that they obtain much of their water from evaporated plant waters. Collectively, our findings establish that seasonality in source water is reliably reflected in pronghorn enamel, providing the basis for exploring changes in the amplitude of seasonality of ancient climates. As a preliminary test, we sampled historical pronghorn specimens (1720 ± 100 AD), which show a mean decrease (a shift to lower values) of 1–2‰ in δ18OPO4 compared to the modern specimens. They also exhibit an increase in the δ18O amplitude, representing an increase in seasonality. We suggest that the cooler mean annual and summer temperatures typical of the 18th century, as well as enhanced periods of drought, drove differences among the modern and historical pronghorn, further establishing pronghorn enamel as excellent sources of paleoclimate proxy data.
Species- and Tissue-Specific Chronic Toxicity Values for Northern Bobwhite Quail (Colinus virginianus) Exposed to Perfluorohexane Sulfonic Acid and a Binary Mixture of Perfluorooctane Sulfonic Acid and Perfluorohexane Sulfonic Acid
Authors: Dennis Nicole M. , Hossain Farzana , Subbiah Seenivasan , Karnjanapiboonwong Adcharee , Dennis Michael L. , McCarthy Christopher , Jackson W. Andrew , Crago Jordan P. , Salice Christopher J. , Anderson Todd A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are globally distributed and present in nearly every environmental compartment. Characterizing the chronic toxicity of individual PFAS compounds and mixtures is necessary because many have been reported to cause adverse health effects. To derive toxicity reference values (TRVs) and conduct ecotoxicological risk assessments (ERAs) of PFAS-contaminated ecosystems for wildlife, species-specific PFAS chronic toxicity values (CTVs) are needed. The present study quantified PFAS residues from liver and eggs of birds chronically exposed to perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) or a mixture of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and PFHxA that produced a no-observable-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) and/or a lowest-observable-adverse-effectlevel (LOAEL). The CTVs we present are lower than those previously reported for birds and should be considered in future regulatory evaluations. From the estimated species- and tissue-specific PFAS CTVs, we found that PFOS and perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) were more bioaccumulative than PFHxA in avian tissues, but PFHxA was more toxic to reproducing birds than either PFOS or a PFOS:PFHxS mixture. We further determined that avian toxicity was not necessarily additive with respect to PFAS mixtures, which could have implications for PFAS ERAs. The PFAS LOAEL CTVs can be used to predict reproductive and possible population-level adverse health effects in wild avian receptors. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:219–229. © 2021 SETAC
The utilization of oat for the production of wholegrain foods: Processing technology and products
Authors: Mao Huijia , Xu Minghao , Ji Jingyun , Zhou Mengsha , Li Hongyan , Wen Yangyang , Wang Jing , Sun Baoguo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractGlobally, oat is one of the most important but underutilized cereal grains. Oat grain is a health‐beneficial cereal crop with a high content of multiple nutrient substances. The desire of consumers for health has led to the exploration of functional ingredients and novel food‐processing techniques for oat grain. This review first evaluates the nutrient composition of oats, with a specific emphasis on oat starch, β‐glucans, proteins, and phenolics, which is an explanation for the health potential in terms of nutrition. Recently, oat grain has been used to develop functional foods and beverages and as an ingredient incorporated into other foods. Then, the processing methods of oat‐based foods in various physical formats, such as whole grain, flakes, and flour, are systematically summarized. In addition, the effects of bran and β‐glucan as food ingredients on the sensory and nutritional quality of products are also discussed. Finally, this review highlights the effects of interactions between β‐glucan, used as a potential natural multifunctional additive in food applications, and different components on the processing and nutritional properties of oat products. The objective of this review is to synthesize knowledge in the field to provide a comprehensive understanding of the nutritional composition and processing methods of oats and to demonstrate interactions between different components, thereby further benefiting the development of oats in food systems as a functional component and food additive to improve food quality, safety, and health functions.
Constructing Anti‐Racist Reading Pedagogical Practices
Authors: Ambrosia Danielle , Henzell Rosemary , Williams Jeanine L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this forum, practitioners reflect on their experiences as they respond to the following question: How do you think about antiracist reading practices and what are some ways that you incorporate them into your pedagogy? Three educators across high school and college settings recount their personal journeys developing antiracist reading practices and share strategies for readers to consider their own entry points into critical reflection and action.
Citronellal alleviates doxorubicin‐induced cardiotoxicity by suppressing oxidative stress and apoptosis via Na+/H+ exchanger‐1 inhibition
Authors: Liu Xu , Qiu Yue , Huang Ning , Liu Yan‐hua , Wang Huan‐Huan , Yu Ya‐Nan , Song Yu‐Ting , Wan Guang‐Rui , Wang Shuang‐Xi , Li Peng , Yin Ya‐Ling 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe medical usage of Doxorubicin (DOX) as a chemotherapeutic agent is restricted owing to its cardiotoxic properties. This study was designed to explore the effect and underlying mechanisms of Citronellal (CT) on DOX‐related cardiotoxicity in rats. Rats were divided into six groups: control, DOX, CT, Lithium chloride (LiCl) (a Na+/H+exchanger‐1 [NHE1] activator), DOX + CT, and DOX + CT + LiCl. To induce cardiotoxicity, a cumulative dose of 15 mg/kg DOX was intraperitoneally injected into rats. CT (150 mg/kg) and LiCl (1 mg/kg) were given daily by oral gavage for 6 weeks. CT improved cardiac functional parameters and attenuated the cardiac pathological changes induced by DOX. Further study indicated that CT administration regulated the levels of oxidative stress and apoptosis‐related factors and in myocardial tissues, reducing cell per‐oxidative damage and apoptosis. Besides this, CT attenuated DOX‐induced NHE1 upregulation, and the preventive effects of CT against DOX‐induced cardiotoxicity were abrogated by the concurrent administration of LiCl. These results demonstrate that CT could ameliorate DOX‐induced cardiotoxicity by inhibiting the NHE1‐mediated oxidative stress, apoptosis in rats.
Overexpression of N‐acetylglucosaminyltransferase V promotes human parotid gland acinar cell immortalization via the epidermal receptor activation
Authors: Cheng Ching‐Chia , Lin Chih‐Feng , Lin Yong‐Chong , Young Tai‐Horng , Lou Pei‐Jen 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to maintain the proliferation capability of human parotid gland acinar cells (ACs) in vitro to extend passage number and to study the mechanism that regulates AC stemness. N‐acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (GnT‐V) is the Golgi enzyme, and it has been reported that the β1,6GlcNAc‐branched N‐linked glycans are associated with various cell behaviors. Therefore, we modify the gene expression of ACs by transfection of the GnT‐V‐overexpression plasmid, and we found that upregulation of GnT‐V extensively increased ACs proliferation and stemness properties in ACs/GnT‐V compared to ACs transfected with Mock plasmid. More importantly, we observed that high levels of GnT‐V positively correlated with ALDH1A3 expression via increasing phosphorylation of cell surface receptors and activating the downstream signaling transduction. Hence, the current study suggested that GnT‐V is a significant factor for cell immortalization in the ACs model by activating the EGFR/ERK/ALDH1A3 signaling pathway.
Cardiomyocyte‐GSK‐3β deficiency induces cardiac progenitor cell proliferation in the ischemic heart through paracrine mechanisms
Authors: Yusuf Ayesha M. , Qaisar Rizwan , Al‐Tamimi Abaher O. , Jayakumar Manju Nidagodu , Woodgett James R. , Koch Walter J. , Ahmad Firdos 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCardiomyopathy is an irreparable loss and novel strategies are needed to induce resident cardiac progenitor cell (CPC) proliferation in situ to enhance the possibility of cardiac regeneration. Here, we sought to identify the potential roles of glycogen synthase kinase‐3β (GSK‐3β), a critical regulator of cell proliferation and differentiation, in CPC proliferation post‐myocardial infarction (MI).Cardiomyocyte‐specific conditional GSK‐3β knockout (cKO) and littermate control mice were employed and challenged with MI. Though cardiac left ventricular chamber dimension and contractile functions were comparable at 2 weeks post‐MI, cKO mice displayed significantly preserved LV chamber and contractile function versus control mice at 4 weeks post‐MI. Consistent with protective phenotypes, an increased percentage of c‐kit‐positive cells (KPCs) were observed in the cKO hearts at 4 and 6 weeks post‐MI which was accompanied by increased levels of cardiomyocyte proliferation. Further analysis revealed that the observed increased number of KPCs in the ischemic cKO hearts was mainly from a cardiac lineage, as the majority of identified KPCs were negative for the hematopoietic lineage marker, CD45. Mechanistically, cardiomyocyte‐GSK‐3β profoundly suppresses the expression and secretion of growth factors, including basic‐fibroblast growth factor, angiopoietin‐2, erythropoietin, stem cell factor, platelet‐derived growth factor‐BB, granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor, post‐hypoxia.In conclusion, our findings strongly suggest that loss of cardiomyocyte‐GSK‐3β promotes cardiomyocyte and resident CPC proliferation post‐MI. The induction of cardiomyocyte and CPC proliferation in the ischemic cKO hearts is potentially regulated by autocrine and paracrine signaling governed by dysregulated growth factors post‐MI. A strategy to inhibit cardiomyocyte‐GSK‐3β could be helpful for the promotion of in situ cardiac regeneration post‐ischemic injury.
Neurocognitive profile of adults with the Norrbottnian type of Gaucher disease
Authors: Tsitsi Panagiota , Markaki Ioanna , Waldthaler Josefine , Machaczka Maciej , Svenningsson Per 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionGaucher disease (GD) is a monogenic, lysosomal storage disorder, classified according to the presence of acute (type 2), chronic (type 3), or no (type 1) neurological manifestations. The Norrbottnian subtype of neuronopathic GD type 3 (GD3) is relatively frequent in the northern part of Sweden. It exhibits a wide range of neurological symptoms but is characterized by extended life expectancy compared to GD3 in other countries. The aim of our study was to describe the cognitive profile of adult patients with Norrbottnian GD3.Materials and MethodsTen patients with GD3 (five males and five females) underwent neurocognitive testing with the Repeatable Battery for Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). RBANS consists of different short tests that assess Immediate Memory, Visuospatial and Constructional function, Language, Attention, and Delayed Memory. General neurological symptoms of the patients were assessed with the modified severity scoring tool.ResultsPatients (median age 41.5 range 24–57) performed lower than average in all cognitive domains. The overall index score was low (median 58.5, Interquartile range [IQR] 25.5), with the most profound deficit in attention (median 57, IQR 32.5) and immediate memory (median 76.5, IQR 13). Higher scores were found in language (median 83, IQR 21.5), delayed memory (median 81, IQR 41), and visuospatial/constructional function (median 86, IQR 32.35).ConclusionNorrbottnian GD3 patients showed a unique neurocognitive profile with low overall performance, mostly derived from low scores in attention and memory domains whereas language and visuospatial/constructional ability were relatively spared.
Ceramic‐on‐polyethylene hip arthroplasty reduces the risk of postoperative periprosthetic joint infection
Authors: Chisari Emanuele , Magnuson Justin A , Ong Christian B , Parvizi Javad , Krueger Chad A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMetal‐on‐polyethylene (MoP) total hip arthroplasty (THA) prostheses are known to release metal debris. Basic science studies suggest that metal implants induce a pro‐inflammatory response that ultimately chemoattracts leukocytes including macrophages and neutrophils to the surgical site. This raises concern of higher risk of infection with these prostheses through the “trojan horse” mechanism by which neutrophils and macrophages transport intracellular pathogens from a remote site. This study compared the infection occurrence between MoP and ceramic‐on‐polyethylene (CoP) implants to determine if a higher infection rate in MoP is present. We reviewed a consecutive series of 6052 CoP and 4550 MoP primary THA patients from 2015 to 2019. The occurrence of periprosthetic joint infection at 2 years was defined according to the 2018 ICM definition. Statistical analysis consisted of descriptive statistics, univariate analysis, and regression modeling. When compared to CoP, MoP patients were older, included more females, had a higher body mass index, and more commonly affected by comorbidities according to Elixhauser's score. Total revisions were higher in the MoP group (3.19% vs. 2.41%) The absolute incidence of PJI was higher in MoP (2.40% vs. 1.64%). When we adjusted for confounding factors, MoP was found independently associated with a higher PJI risk. Despite MoP and CoP both being widely used for primary THA, we found a higher incidence of PJI in MoP patients. The association remained significant when controlled for possible confounders. We hypothesize that leukocyte recruitment to these implants may play a role and should be further investigated.
Distribution of soil organic carbon and nitrogen under reduced nitrogen application in the Guanzhong plain of China#
Authors: Zhao Hui‐Li , Guo Xiao‐Hong , Song Bing , Tian Xiao‐Hong , Zhao Ying , Wu Nan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe problems of soil quality degradation and environmental pollution caused by excessive use of nitrogen fertilizer seriously affect sustainable development of agriculture.AimsWe investigated the effects of reduced nitrogen application with simultaneous full straw return on carbon input, aggregate size distribution, aggregate‐associated organic carbon and total nitrogen (TN), soil organic carbon (SOC) stock, SOC fractions, and crop yield.MethodsA long‐term field experiment was performed in the dryland region of Guanzhong. The study involved three nitrogen fertilizer (NF) amounts: 337.5 (conventional NF, CNF), 286.4 (15%NF reduction, 15%RNF), and 236.3 (30%NF reduction, 30%RNF) kg N ha–1 y–1 with full straw return.ResultsCompared with CNF, 30%RNF increased the content of soil organic carbon by 5.7% and increased maize yield by 13.1%, under straw return conditions. The 30%RNF + straw application treatment promoted the formation of large macro‐aggregates more effectively than CNF application. The 30%RNF + straw treatment significantly increased SOC by 10.6% and 4.7%, respectively, in large and small macroaggregates relative to conventional NF. Moreover, the 30%RNF + straw treatment resulted in a significant increase in the SOC content in the density fractions of mineral soil organic matter (mSOM) for both small and large macro‐aggregates. This treatment also resulted in a significant increase in the content of TN in the mSOM and density fractions of particulate matter that had coarse and fine intra‐aggregates of the large macro‐aggregates.ConclusionFull straw return with reduced nitrogen (N) application could be a promising option to improve the structure of soil aggregates, soil organic carbon, and nitrogen sequestration.
Heterotrophic bacteria outcompete diazotrophs for orthophosphate in the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Rahav Eyal , Herut Barak , Spungin Dina , Levi Adi , Mulholland Margaret R. , Berman‐Frank Ilana 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUnicellular photoautotrophic diazotrophs such as Crocosphaera spp. are ubiquitous in many oligotrophic and N‐limited oceans, as they can reduce N2 into bioavailable ammonia. The Mediterranean Sea is potentially an ideal environment for photoautotrophic diazotrophic activity, and yet N2‐fixation rates measured in the last two decades are typically very low and no diazotrophic blooms have been recorded in its offshore waters. Previous studies suggest that diazotrophs, as well as nondiazotrophic phytoplankton and heterotrophic bacteria, may be P‐limited, hence their low biomass and activity. Here, we amended surface seawater from six stations across a nutrient gradient in the Mediterranean Sea (east to west transect) with dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP), and with seawater‐acclimated inocula of Crocosphaera watsonii, a unicellular cyanobacterial diazotroph, to examine if DIP can stimulate diazotrophy. Our results demonstrate that C. watsonii are poor competitors for DIP relative to native nondiazotrophic heterotrophic microbial populations, especially in the ultraoligotrophic eastern Mediterranean basin, resulting in low N2‐fixation rates. Moreover, the results indicate that when the ambient DIP concentrations are < 35 nmol L−1, unicellular photoautotrophic diazotrophs such as C. watsonii will likely be outcompeted for this macronutrient in the Mediterranean Sea, whereas above 35 nmol L−1 diazotrophy can be stimulated. Our findings support the “bypass theory” stating that photoautotrophs may be outcompeted by heterotrophic bacteria for DIP in nutrient‐poor regions such as the Mediterranean Sea.