bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Der Stellenwert der subtotalen Petrosektomie im Rahmen der Cochlea Implantation
Authors: Issing Peter Rolf , Atanasova-Koch Srebrena , Schneider Jessica , Issing Christian 
Published: November 2021

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Die Versorgung von Patienten mit chronischer Mittelohrentzündung oder vorliegender Radikalhöhle mit einem Cochlea-Implantat (CI) ist eine besondere Herausforderung. Die subtotale Petrosektomie (STP) stellt eine Möglichkeit dar, das Vorgehen sicherer zu machen.
Material und Methoden Es handelt sich um eine retrospektive Untersuchung von Patienten, die vor ihrer CI-Versorgung eine STP erhalten haben.
Ergebnisse Es wurden 25 Patienten eingeschlossen, bei denen insgesamt 26-mal meist 2-zeitig eine STP in der Regel etwa 6 Monate vor der CI-Operation erfolgte. Die Mehrheit der Patienten hatte eine chronische Mittelohrentzündung oder eine vorbestehende Radikalhöhle; bei einem Patienten zwang eine komplexe Felsenbeinfraktur mit Zerstörung des äußeren Gehörgangs zu dieser Methode. Nach der STP beobachteten wir 3-mal eine Wundheilungsstörung am Verschluss des äußeren Gehörgangs sowie eine Nachblutung an der Entnahmestelle des Bauchfetts in 2 Fällen. Alle Patienten konnten implantiert werden. Ein Rezidvcholesteatom ist bislang nicht aufgetreten.
Schlussfolgerung Mit dieser Vorgehensweise ist eine CI-Versorgung auch bei simultan bestehender Otitis media chronica oder vorliegender Radikalhöhle möglich. Wir favorisieren ein 2-zeitiges Vorgehen, wobei eine simultane STP und CI-OP auch vertretbar ist.
PD-L1 sustains chronic, cancer cell–intrinsic responses to type I interferon, enhancing resistance to DNA damage
Authors: Cheon HyeonJoo , Holvey-Bates Elise G. , McGrail Daniel J. , Stark George R. 
Published: November 2021

Significance
Cancer cell–intrinsic IFN-I responses can have opposite effects in response to DNA damage, either facilitating or inhibiting cytotoxicity. We found that PD-L1 regulates these seemingly paradoxical effects, inhibiting the cytotoxic acute response to high levels of IFN-I but sustaining the protective chronic response to constitutive low levels of IFN-I. This revealed facet of PD-L1 activity operates independently of the cancer cell–extrinsic immune system. Our improved understanding of the functions of PD-L1 in cancer informs more effective strategies to target PD-L1 and block both its cell-intrinsic and its immune-dependent functions.
Diversifying and enhancing mountainous destinations through rural tourism: the case of Kalavrita, Greece.
Authors: Boukas Nikolaos 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

The chapter emphasizes the tourism products that the destination offers, highlighting rural tourism as a macro niche that is worthy to be considered as a unique form of tourism, and suggests a series of strategies for the diversification and enhancement of the tourism offering for the holistic Greek destination experience. In this regard, this study was employed for: (i) discovering the role of rural tourism for the mountainous area of Kalavrita, highlighting the challenges and opportunities of the current tourism situation in the area; (ii) analysing the strategies formulated by tourism authorities to engage in rural tourism; and (iii) conceptualizing the current and potential rural tourism products that do, and could, lead to the appropriate diversification of the existing tourism product of the Kalavrita region, as a representative western European mountainous destination.
Investigation of mechanical, thermodynamical, dynamical and electronic properties of RuYAs (Y
= Cr and Fe) alloys
Authors: Kalita Dipangkar , Ram Mahesh , Limbu Nihal , Saxena Atul 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Investigation of structural, dynamical, mechanical, electronic and thermodynamic properties of RuYAs (Y = Cr and Fe) alloys have been performed from the first principle calculations. Among the three structural phases, ‘α’ phase is found to be energetically favorable for both the RuCrAs and RuFeAs compounds. The computed cohesive energies and phonon dispersion spectra indicate the structural and dynamical stabilities of both the compounds. Mechanical stability of these compounds are studied using elastic constants. The Pugh’s ratio predicts RuFeAs to be more ductile than RuCrAs. The RuCrAs alloy, on the other hand, is found to be a stiffer, harder and highly rigid crystal with stronger bonding forces than the RuFeAs. Furthermore, the thermodynamical properties have also been estimated with respect to the temperature under different pressures using the quasi-harmonic Debye model. In order to account for the effect of the highly correlated d transition elements in the system we incorporated the GGA + U approximations. Within the GGA + U approach, the electronic structure reveals the half-metallicity for both compounds, which follows the Slater–Pauling rule. The charge density and electron localized function reflect the covalent bonding among the constituent atoms. Bader analysis reveals that the charge transfer takes place from Cr/Fe to Ru and As atoms in both approximations. Both Raman and infrared active modes have been identified in the compounds.
Hermite-Chebyshev pseudospectral method for inhomogeneous superconducting strip problems and magnetic flux pump modeling
Authors: Sokolovsky Vladimir , Prigozhin Leonid 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The numerical simulation of superconducting devices is a powerful tool for understanding the principles of how they work and improving their design. Usually, these simulations are based on a finite element method but, recently, a different approach, based on the spectral technique, has been presented for very efficient solution of several applied superconductivity problems described by 1D integro-differential equations or a system of such equations. Here, we propose a new pseudospectral method for 2D magnetization and transport current superconducting strip problems with an arbitrary current–voltage relation, spatially inhomogeneous strips and strips in a nonuniform applied field. The method is based on bivariate expansions in Chebyshev polynomials and Hermite functions. It can be used for numerical modeling of magnetic flux pumps of different types and investigating AC losses in coated conductors with local defects. Using a realistic 2D version of the superconducting dynamo benchmark problem as an example, we show that our new method is a competitive alternative to finite element methods.
Erosion of tungsten marker layers in W7-X
Authors: Mayer M , Balden M , Brezinsek S , Dhard C P , Elgeti S , Fajardo D , Fellinger J , Guitart Corominas M , Hiret P , Kandler M , Krause M , Loesser D , Lumsdaine A , Naujoks D , Neilson H , Neu R , Oelmann J , Ruset C , Schmidt-Dencker J-H 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In order to get first insight into net tungsten erosion in W7-X, tungsten (W) marker layers were exposed during the operational phase OP 1.2b at one position of the Test Divertor Unit (TDU), at 21 different positions of the inner heat shield, and at two scraper elements. The maximum tungsten erosion rate at the TDU strike line was 0.13 nm s−1 averaged over the whole campaign. The erosion was inhomogeneous on a microscopic scale, with higher erosion on ridges of the rough surface inclined towards the plasma and deposition of hydrocarbon layers in the recessed areas of the rough surface. The W erosion at the inner heat shield was below the detection limit of 3–6 × 1012 W-atoms/cm2s, and all inner heat shield tiles were covered with a thin B/C/O layer with thickness in the range 2 × 1017–1018 B + C atoms/cm2 (about 20–100 nm B + C). W-erosion of the marker layers on the scraper elements was also below the detection limit.
Fabricating tritium permeation barrier for PFC with a new non-coating strategy
Authors: Wang Lu , Zhou Hai-Shan , Liu Hao-Dong , Xu Yu-Ping , Wang Wan-Jing , Li Yan-Fen , Luo Guang-Nan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Tritium (T) permeation through plasma-facing component (PFC) into the coolant is a major concern of fusion reactor operation. In this work, deuterium (D) permeation through CLAM steel, CLAM/CLAM and CLAM/Fe-Cr-Al samples prepared by hot isostatic pressing (HIP) are tested in a linear plasma device. Only the downstream surfaces of the samples are oxidized with controlled atmosphere to form permeation barrier. No significant effect on D diffusion and penetration can be observed for the joining interfaces, while the dense oxide layer at the downstream side plays an important role in suppressing D permeation. The downstream surface oxidization of CLAM/Fe-Cr-Al is found to effectively reduce D permeation flux by a factor up to 1000.
Long-term in-vivo recording performance of flexible penetrating microelectrode arrays
Authors: Jang Jae-Won , Kang Yoo Na , Seo Hee Won , Kim Boil , Choe Han Kyoung , Park Sang Hyun , Lee Maan-Gee , Kim Sohee 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Objective. Neural interfaces are an essential tool to enable the human body to directly communicate with machines such as computers or prosthetic robotic arms. Since invasive electrodes can be located closer to target neurons, they have advantages such as precision in stimulation and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in recording, while they often exhibit unstable performance in long-term in-vivo implantation because of the tissue damage caused by the electrodes insertion. In the present study, we investigated the electrical functionality of flexible penetrating microelectrode arrays (FPMAs) up to 3 months in in-vivo conditions. Approach. The in-vivo experiment was performed by implanting FPMAs in five rats. The in-vivo impedance as well as the action potential (AP) amplitude and SNR were analyzed over weeks. Additionally, APs were tracked over time to investigate the possibility of single neuron recording. Main results. It was observed that the FPMAs exhibited dramatic increases in impedance for the first 4 weeks after implantation, accompanied by decreases in AP amplitude. However, the increase/decrease in AP amplitude was always accompanied by the increase/decrease in background noise, resulting in quite consistently maintained SNRs. After 4 weeks of implantation, we observed two distinctive issues regarding long-term implantation, each caused by chronic tissue responses or by the delamination of insulation layer. The results demonstrate that the FPMAs successfully recorded neuronal signals up to 12 weeks, with very stably maintained SNRs, reduced by only 16.1% on average compared to the first recordings, although biological tissue reactions or physical degradation of the FPMA were present. Significance. The fabricated FPMAs successfully recorded intracortical signals for 3 months. The SNR was maintained up to 3 months and the chronic function of FPMA was comparable with other silicon based implantable electrodes.
Randomness of Möbius coefficients and Brownian motion: growth of the Mertens function and the Riemann hypothesis
Authors: Mussardo Giuseppe , LeClair André 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The validity of the Riemann hypothesis (RH) on the location of the non-trivial zeros of the Riemann ζ-function is directly related to the growth of the Mertens function

M

(

x

)

=

∑

k
=
1

x

μ

(

k

)

, where μ(k) is the Möbius coefficient of the integer k; the RH is indeed true if the Mertens function goes asymptotically as M(x) ∼ x
1/2+ϵ
, where ϵ is an arbitrary strictly positive quantity. We argue that this behavior can be established on the basis of a new probabilistic approach based on the global properties of the Mertens function, namely, based on reorganizing globally in distinct blocks the terms of its series. With this aim, we focus attention on the square-free numbers and we derive a series of probabilistic results concerning the prime number distribution along the series of square-free numbers, the average number of prime divisors, the Erdős–Kac theorem for square-free numbers, etc. These results point to the conclusion that the Mertens function is subject to a normal distribution as much as any other random walk. We also present an argument in favor of the thesis that the validity of the RH also implies the validity of the generalized RH for the Dirichlet L-functions. Next we study the local properties of the Mertens function, i.e. its variation induced by each Möbius coefficient restricted to the square-free numbers. Motivated by the natural curiosity to see how closely to a purely random walk any sub-sequence is extracted by the sequence of the Möbius coefficients for the square-free numbers, we perform a massive statistical analysis on these coefficients, applying to them a series of randomness tests of increasing precision and complexity; together with several frequency tests within a block, the list of our tests includes those for the longest run of ones in a block, the binary matrix rank test, the discrete Fourier transform test, the non-overlapping template matching test, the entropy test, the cumulative sum test, the random excursion tests, etc, for a total of 18 different tests. The successful outputs of all these tests (each of them with a level of confidence of 99% that all the sub-sequences analyzed are indeed random) can be seen as impressive ‘experimental’ confirmations of the Brownian nature of the restricted Möbius coefficients and the probabilistic normal law distribution of the Mertens function analytically established earlier. In view of the theoretical probabilistic argument and the large battery of statistical tests, we can conclude that while a violation of the RH is strictly speaking not impossible, it is however extremely improbable.
Nonplanar Tiled 1-bit Transmitarray with Phase Error Compensation
Authors: Kirillov V V , Turalchuk P A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A phase compensation method for 1-bit phase quantized transmitarray is discussed. Using the tiled architecture of the transmitarray, the position of each unit cell is changed along the optical axis of the transmitarray. The spatial displacement allows changing the resulting phase distribution along the transmitarray aperture. Analytical calculations were performed to demonstrate the performance of the transmitarray radiation pattern.
An adaptive control framework based on Reinforcement learning to balance energy, comfort and hygiene in heat pump water heating systems
Authors: Heidari Amirreza , Marechal Francois , Khovalyg Dolaana 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A major challenge in the operation of water heating systems lies in the highly stochastic nature of occupant behavior in hot water use, which varies over different buildings and can change over the time. However, the current operational strategies of water heating systems are detached from occupant behavior, and follow a conservative and energy intensive approach to ensure the availability of hot water any time it is demanded. This paper proposes a Reinforcement learning-based control framework which can learn and adapt to the occupant behavior of each specific building and make a balance between energy use, occupant comfort and water hygiene. The proposed framework is compared to the conventional approach using the real-world measurements of hot water use behavior in a single family residential building. Although the monitoring campaign has been executed during home lockdown due to COVID-19, when the occupants exhibited a very different schedule and water use related behavior, the proposed framework has learned the occupant behavior over a relatively short period of 8 weeks and provided 24.5% energy use reduction over the conventional approach, while preserving occupant comfort and water hygiene.
Artificial Intelligence for Detecting Indoor Visual Discomfort from Facial Analysis of Building Occupants
Authors: Johra Hicham , Gade Rikke , Poulsen Mathias Østergaard , Christensen Albert Daugbjerg , Khanie Mandana Sarey , Moeslund Thomas , Jensen Rasmus Lund 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Glare is a common local visual discomfort that is difficult to identify with conventional light sensors. This article presents an artificial intelligence algorithm that detects subjective local glare discomfort from the image analysis of the video footage of an office occupant’s face. The occupant’s face is directly used as a visual comfort sensor. Results show that it can recognize glare discomfort with around 90% accuracy. This algorithm can thus be at the basis of an efficient feedback control system to regulate shading devices in an office building.
Evaluation of linear and nonlinear system models in hierarchical model predictive control of HVAC systems
Authors: Eser Steffen , Stoffel Phillip , Kumpel Alexander , Muller Dirk 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Buildings are responsible for one third of the global final energy consumption. Model predictive control (MPC) can reduce their energy consumption and improve thermal comfort. However, designing the required models can be time consuming. Splitting the control problem into smaller subproblems could make the modeling process more modular and therefore cheaper. A hierarchical MPC structure is proposed in this work, where the building model is divided into a lower layer consisting of the producer side and an upper layer consisting of the consumers. Linear and non-linear model equations as well as a cost-based and a control quality-based cost function for a building energy system are developed. In a simulation, the nonlinear controller outperforms the linear controller in both constraint satisfaction and energy costs.
Comparative study of neural network based and white box model predictive control for a room temperature control application
Authors: Stoffel Phillip , Berktold Max , Gall Arman , Kiimpel Alexander , Muller Dirk 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
On a global scale, buildings are a major cause for primary energy consumption. Since buildings are complex multiple input multiple output systems and characterized by slow dynamics, model predictive control is a promising approach to reduce building energy consumption. Due to the high individual modeling effort model predictive control lacks practical applicability. For that reason black box process models are gaining more and more interest in scientific literature. In this work we evaluate the performance of an ANN based controller against a white box controller with perfect knowledge. We show that the data driven controller achieves a similar control quality as the white box controller. We initially train the data driven controller in 20 days and then employ an online learning strategy to continuously improve the control quality.
The influence of perceived environmental quality on thermal comfort in an outdoor urban environment during hot summer
Authors: Lau Kevin Ka-Lun , Choi Chun Yin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Thermal comfort in outdoor spaces is essential for human health and human wellbeing. A comfortable outdoor space enhances urban livability and sustainability. Previous studies on outdoor human thermal comfort highlighted that apart from the microclimate conditions, the psychological and physiological factors play an important role in human thermal comfort. The influence of environmental quality on human thermal comfort is being examined in this paper. A survey with a total of 1842 thermal comfort responses was conducted during a hot summer in Hong Kong. Perceived aesthetic and acoustic quality votes are strongly associated with Thermal Sensation Votes (TSV). Thermal Comfort Votes (TCV) in the satisfied aesthetic group and the satisfied acoustic group are significantly higher than that in the not satisfied group. A sensation of comfort was confirmed by 39.8% and 38.4% of participants in the satisfied aesthetic group and the satisfied acoustic group, while only 22.2% and 23.9% of the members of the not satisfied group felt comfortable. The study suggested that the perceived environmental qualities are highly associated with thermal sensation and thermal comfort, and a beautiful and quiet environment can improve the thermal comfort and thermal tolerance.
Impact of volume distribution on pedestrian wind environment in high-rise urban districts: a CFD study
Authors: Sadeghfar Milad , Sahebzadeh Sadra 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Pedestrian wind environment assessment is becoming an essential part of the urban design process especially in dense urban areas due to its ability to address the wind comfort/safety/health concerns in an early phase. In this paper, high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, validated with experimental data, are performed on eight different designs in a generic urban layout to study the impact of volume distribution on pedestrian wind environment in high-rise urban districts. The results show that the blockage effects of the high-rise buildings decelerates the wind in the streets parallel to the flow while accelerating the flow in the streets perpendicular to the flow. This effect is evident up to a two block distance upstream of the high-rises. Furthermore, it is shown that consequent rows of high-rises in the downstream of the first row facing the wind flow have little effect on the upstream pedestrian wind; however, they have a significant role in the extent of affected areas downstream. The findings of this study provide further understanding about the impact of different volume distributions on pedestrian wind environment in high-rise urban districts and clarify their effect on wind safety and comfort.
A tool for automated detection of hidden operation modes in building energy systems
Authors: Storek Thomas , Kriwet Jonathan , Kümpel Alexander , Müller Dirk 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The integration of renewable energy sources into building energy systems and the progressive coupling between the thermal and electrical domains makes the analysis of these systems increasingly complex. At the same time, however, more and more building monitoring data is being collected. The manual evaluation of this data is time-consuming and requires expert knowledge. Hence, there is a strong need for tools that enable the automatic knowledge extraction from these huge data sets to support system integrators and favor the development of smart energy services, e.g., predictive maintenance. One crucial step in knowledge extraction is the detection of change points and hidden states in measurements. In this work, we present a tool for automated detection of hidden operation modes based on multivariate time series data deploying motif-aware state assignment (MASA). The tool is evaluated utilizing measurements of a heat pump and compared to two baseline algorithms, namely k-Means and k-Medoids. MASA performs particularly well on noisy data, where it shows only a small deviation in the number of detected change points compared to the ground truth with up to 77% accuracy. Furthermore, it almost always outperforms the baseline algorithms, which in turn require extensive preprocessing.
BIM in Early Design Phase: Workflow for Preliminary Assessment with SBToolCZ
Authors: Veselka J , Hájek J , Volf M , Růžička J , Žd’ára V 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Early design phase provides the highest potential for saving emissions and energy. Building Information Modeling (BIM) in cooperation with environmental assessment can be efficient tools for various kinds of analysis. This paper shows a possible workflow of using data from BIM in an online form for an early building assessment. Different methods of data export are also described. Czech national methodology, SBToolCZ was used for this study. However, the described principles are applicable for any other commonly used method. Results show approximately 60% of precision compared to the full SBToolCZ assessment (depends on the building typology). As an outcome of the study, a free online tool for architects and public usage is being developed.