bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Freestanding Metal Organic Framework‐Based Multifunctional Membranes Fabricated via Pseudomorphic Replication toward Liquid‐ and Gas‐Hazards Abatement
Authors: Dai Zijian , Pradeep Shravan , Zhu Jie , Xie Wenyi , Barton Heather F. , Si Yang , Ding Bin , Yu Jianyong , Parsons Gregory N. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMetal organic framework (MOF)‐based adsorptive membranes are attractive materials in high flux separation and/or in abatement of hazardous materials. However, fabrication of continuous MOF membrane with ultra‐high loading and anti‐solvent property is a challenging task. Here, the authors report a coordination replication synthetic approach via a morphological replacement procedure that employs pre‐shaped Al2O3 microfiltration membrane to produce freestanding MOF multifunctional membrane (FMMMs). The authors achieve precise control of crystal size, morphology, and orientation on the FMMMs. Moreover, the intrinsic porous structure inherited from Al2O3 pre‐fabricated membrane and newly introduced MOF active sites synergistically contribute to a great rejection (99%) of organic dyes from organic solvent with a permeability over 175 L m−2 h−1 bar−1. Furthermore, the as‐synthesized FMMMs enable heterogeneous HCHO catalytic oxidation and extremely rapid 2‐chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES) detoxification. This work opens the way to design high‐performance FMMMs from pre‐shaped membranes for various applications.
The Impact of Additive Manufacturing for Medical Care Delivery in Space: A Systematic Review
Authors: Navarro Sergio M. , Shaikh Hashim , Klop‐Packel Nory , Jethwani Hetvi , Wu Jimmy , Sutton Jeffrey P. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAdditive manufacturing (aka 3D printing) has emerged as a new technique providing various modalities for treatment with respect to space medicine, bolstered by the recent deployment of 3D printers on the International Space Station. There are currently only a few reviews that summarize the evidence of its impact. In order to construct a systematic literature review of the applications and effects of 3D printing in space medicine, the PubMed, NCT, Google Scholar databases are searched for relevant titles, according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses statement guidelines. 3353 titles are retrieved, of which nine met the inclusion criteria and are reported. Studies are separated into three categories, based on the environment of research being conducted in an on‐earth lab, earth based simulation environment, and conducted in low‐earth orbit. The leading applications of 3D printing in space medicine include support of clinicians in nonearth environments via surgical tool manufacturing and development of splints in substitute of alternative casting techniques. 3D printing techniques seem to be beneficial for other purposes, including the deployment of personalized medical care to patients in space. Such conclusions must be confirmed by further research.
Disposable Passive Electrochemical Microfluidic Device for Diagnosis of Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation
Authors: Sierra Tania , Henry Charles S. , Crevillén Agustín G. , Escarpa Alberto 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA disposable pump‐free electrochemical microfluidic device made by using a multilayer lamination technique is proposed for diagnosis of glycosylation disorders. Thanks to the stacking of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) films and double adhesive layers, it is possible to create a geometry that allows the filling of the tailored channels in a fixed time. In the main channel of this passive microfluidic device, the necessary steps to perform the electrochemical determination of transferrin are performed: labeling of the protein with Os (VI) complex (electrochemical tag), washing with water of the osmium residues and electrochemical detection by adsorptive transfer stripping square wave voltammetry. Electrochemical detection released two electrochemical signals: one from Os (VI) complex due to carbohydrates at −0.9 V, and other from the intrinsic electrochemical signal of glycoprotein due to the amino acids at +0.8 V. The ratio between them establishes an indicator of the degree of glycosylation (called electrochemical index of glycosylation). The method was successfully applied to the analysis of clinical samples from patients with congenital disorders of glycosylation.
Unprecedented North American snowstorm and East Asian cold wave in January 2016: Critical role of the Arctic atmospheric circulation
Authors: Si Dong , Jiang Dabang , Lang Xianmei , Fu Shenming 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDuring January 21–24, 2016, most land areas in the Northern Hemisphere experienced extreme low temperatures. In North America, a historic snowstorm hit the northern and eastern United States. In East Asia, an unprecedented cold wave occurred and led to record‐breaking low temperatures in many regions. In this study, observational analyses revealed that both extreme events were triggered by a remarkable change in atmospheric circulation in the Arctic region in early January 2016, which switched from a concentric ring pattern to a dipole pattern. The dipole pattern resulted in two inverted Ω‐shaped circulation patterns that dominated the North America and East Asia. The inverted Ω‐shaped circulation patterns induced remarkable tropopause folding, which conveyed high‐potential‐vorticity cold air downwards from the lower stratosphere of Arctic to the middle and lower troposphere of North America, which increased cyclonic vorticity and negative height perturbations, and converged with moist air from the western North Atlantic and Gulf Stream, resulting in a severe snowstorm in the northern and eastern United States from 22 to 24 January. In East Asia, the tropopause folding transported high‐potential‐vorticity cold air downwards to the middle and lower troposphere of East Asia, resulting in the outbreak of a severe cold wave in East Asia from 21 to 24 January.
Interpregnancy interval and prevalence of selected birth defects: A multistate study
Authors: Liberman Rebecca F. , Heinke Dominique , Petersen Julie M. , Parker Samantha E. , Nestoridi Eirini , Van Zutphen Alissa R. , Nembhard Wendy N. , Ramirez Glenda M. , Ethen Mary K. , Tran Tri , Kirby Russell S. , Getz Kelly D. , Nance Amy E. , Yazdy Mahsa M. ,   for the National Birth Defects Prevention Network
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundBoth short and long interpregnancy intervals (IPIs) have been associated with adverse birth outcomes. We undertook a multistate study to describe the prevalence of selected birth defects by IPI.MethodsWe obtained data from nine population‐based state birth defects registries for singleton live births in 2000–2009 among mothers with a previous live birth identified through birth certificates. IPI was calculated as the difference between prior birthdate and start of the current pregnancy (conception date). We estimated prevalence of selected defects per 10,000 live births and prevalence ratios (PRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) overall and stratified by maternal age at previous birth and race/ethnicity. Primary analyses focused on short IPI < 6 months and long IPI ≥ 60 months compared to 18–23 months (referent). Sensitivity analyses limited to active‐surveillance states and those with<10% missing IPI.ResultsAmong 5,147,962 eligible births, 6.3% had short IPI while 19.8% had long IPI. Compared to referent, prevalence with short IPI was elevated for gastroschisis (3.7, CI: 3.0–4.5 vs. 2.0, CI: 1.6–2.4) and with both short and long IPI for tetralogy of Fallot (short: 3.4, 2.8–4.2 long: 3.8, 3.4–4.3 vs. 2.7, 2.3–3.2) and cleft lip ± palate (short: 9.9, 8.8–11.2 long: 9.2, 8.5–9.8 vs. 8.4, 7.6–9.2). Stratified analyses identified additional associations, including elevated prevalence of anencephaly with short IPI in younger mothers and limb defects with long IPI in those ages 25–34 at prior birth. Sensitivity analyses showed similar results.ConclusionIn this population‐based study, we observed increased prevalence of several birth defects with short and long IPI.
Mobility aids predict mortality after transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Authors: Amin Reshma , Arunothayaraj Sandeep , Kirtchuk David , Williams Timothy , Tanseco Kristoffer V. , Michail Michael , Cockburn James , Trivedi Uday , Hildick‐Smith David 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundSelection of appropriate patients for transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) can be challenging. Many factors can influence post‐procedure outcomes. Traditional surgical scoring systems do not discriminate effectively. Medical parameters and functional indices can characterize mortality risk. Mobility is an important predictive functional index but is largely defined using subjective criteria.AimTo describe the relationship between mobility, objectively defined by the requirement for gait aids to ambulate, and all‐cause 30‐day and long‐term mortality in patients undergoing TAVI.MethodsMobility aid use was assessed in 1444 consecutive patients undergoing TAVI in a single center. Patients were categorized into “unaided,” “1‐stick,” and “higher aid” groups based on the Brighton Mobility Index. Mortality tracking was obtained via the NHS Spine Portal in February 2021.ResultsPatients were aged 82 (IQR 78–86). 66% of patients walked unaided, 26% walked with 1 stick, and 8% required more assistance (e.g., 2 sticks, a Rollator, a Zimmer frame, or a wheelchair). Overall 30‐day mortality for the whole cohort was 3.5%; 1‐year mortality was 12.2%. Mobility was a significant predictor of 30‐day mortality (p = 0.025). Use of a higher aid was associated with a mortality odds ratio of 2.83 (95% CI: 1.39–5.74). Mobility was also a significant predictor of long‐term mortality (p < 0.001). Odds ratios for 1‐stick and higher aid groups were 1.45 (95% CI: 1.21–1.72) and 2.01 (95% CI: 1.55–2.60), respectively.ConclusionObjective assessment of mobility by gait aid use predicts both short and long‐term survival in patients undergoing TAVI. Increased dependence on mobility aids is associated with a worse prognosis.
Synthesis and Structure of Binary Copper/Silver–Arsenic Clusters Derived from Zintl Ion As73–
Authors: Zhang Wei‐Qiang , Tkachenko Nikolay V. , Qiao Lei , Boldyrev Alexander I. , Sun Zhong‐Ming 
Published: October 2021

Comprehensive SummaryPolyarsenides containing coinage metals, [As7Cu(PPh3)]2– (1) and [M2As14]4– (M = Cu, 2; Ag, 3), were synthesized by reactions of the nominal composition K3As7 with Group 11 metal complexes. The possible intermediate, cluster 1, was isolated from the solution phase through subtle changes in reaction conditions in the formation process of complex 2. Hence, we establish the pathway of the bimetallic bridged clusters [Cu2As14]4– by the oxidation of the [As7Cu(PPh3)]2–. Quantum chemical calculations reveal the presence of metallophilic interaction in clusters 2 and 3.
Impact of merging of historical and future climate data sets on land carbon cycle projections for South America
Authors: Huntingford Chris , Sitch Stephen A. , O'Sullivan Michael 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEarth System Models (ESMs) project climate change, but they often contain biases in their estimates of contemporary climate that propagate into simulated futures. Land models translate climate projections into surface impacts, but these will be inaccurate if ESMs have substantial errors. Bias concerns are relevant for terrestrial physiological processes which often respond non‐linearly (i.e. contain threshold responses) and are therefore sensitive to absolute environmental conditions as well as changes. We bias‐correct the UK Met Office ESM, HadGEM2‐ES, against the CRU–JRA observation‐based gridded estimates of recent climate. We apply the derived bias corrections to future projections by HadGEM2‐ES for the RCP8.5 scenario of future greenhouse gas concentrations. Focusing on South America, the bias correction includes adjusting for ESM estimates that, annually, are approximately 1 degree too cold, for comparison against 21st Century warming of around 4 degrees. Locally, these values can be much higher. The ESM is also too wet on average, by approximately 1 mm·day−1, which is substantially larger than the mean predicted change. The corrected climate fields force the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES) dynamic global vegetation model to estimate land surface changes, with an emphasis on the carbon cycle. Results show land carbon sink reductions across South America, and in some locations, the net land–atmosphere CO2 flux becomes a source to the atmosphere by the end of this century. Transitions to a CO2 source is where increases in plant net primary productivity are offset by larger enhancements in soil respiration. Bias‐corrected simulations estimate the rise in South American land carbon stocks between pre‐industrial times and the end of the 2080s is ∼12 GtC lower than that without climate bias removal, demonstrating the importance of merging historical observational meteorological forcing with ESM diagnostics. We present evidence for a substantial climate‐induced role of greater soil decomposition in the fate of the Amazon carbon sink.
OMIP‐080: 29‐Color flow cytometry panel for comprehensive evaluation of NK and T cells reconstitution after hematopoietic stem cells transplantation
Authors: Vanikova Sarka , Koladiya Abhishek , Musil Jan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis 29‐color panel was developed and optimized for the monitoring of NK cell and T cell reconstitution in peripheral blood of patients after HSCT. We considered major post‐HSCT complications during the design, such as relapses, viral infections, and GvHD and identification of lymphocyte populations relevant to their resolution. The panel includes markers for all major NK cell and T cell subsets and analysis of their development and qualitative properties. In the NK cell compartment, we focus mainly on CD57 + NKG2C+ cells and the expression of activating (NKG2D, DNAM‐1) and inhibitory receptors (NKG2A, TIGIT). Another priority is the characterization of T cell reconstitution; therefore, we included detection of CD4+ RTEs based on CD45RA, CD62L, CD95, and CD31 as a marker of thymus function. Besides that, we also analyze the emergence and properties of major T cell populations with a particular interest in CD8, Th1, ThCTL, and Treg subsets. Overall, the panel allows for comprehensive analysis of the reconstituting immune system and identification of potential markers of immune cell dysfunction.
Eutrophication trend analysis and forewarning model construction of water source reservoirs: Gaozhou Reservoir, China
Authors: Ma Tengfei , Shi Lin , Li Zhimin , Wu Chaoqun , Huang Yingbo , Lu Xinzheng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe eutrophication of water in reservoirs and lakes is worsening year after year and has become a prominent issue of environmental water protection. In order to understand the degree of eutrophication and the changing trend of important drinking water sources in the coastal areas of Western Guangdong, ensuring the safety of drinking water, this paper takes Gaozhou Reservoir as the research object. According to the long‐term monitoring results of eutrophication index of reservoirs from 2012 to 2019, spatial and temporal analysis of each evaluation indicator and the comprehensive nutrient status of the reservoir was conducted using the integrated nutrient status index method. Based on the Weber–Fechner (W‐F) law, an early warning model for reservoir eutrophication and grading evaluation was established. The results showed that Gaozhou Reservoir was in mesotrophic state, and the eutrophication was more serious in the high water period than in the low water period. TLI (TN) was the largest contributor to eutrophication of the reservoir, and all nutritional status indexes show mild eutrophication. Chl‐a, phosphorus nutrients and organic matter had little effect on the degree of eutrophication. The fluctuation of the eutrophication status at each monitoring section of the reservoir was relatively stable. The TLI(Σ) of Liangde Dam was lower than that of the Shigu Reservoir, and the comprehensive nutritional status of the Shigu area in the decreasing order was tail > supply port > centre. According to the established early warning model, the eutrophication status in different seasons from 2012 to 2019 was evaluated. The results indicated that the comprehensive influence index value of the dry period was less than that of the flood period due to the influence of seasonal factors. In addition, the model has a good warning effect; it provides theoretical support and prevention and control methods for ecological environmental protection of reservoirs.
Density estimates for Canada lynx vary among estimation methods
Authors: Doran‐Myers D. , Kenney A. J. , Krebs C. J. , Lamb C. T. , Menzies A. K. , Murray D. , Studd E. K. , Whittington J. , Boutin S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractUnbiased population density estimates are critical for ecological research and wildlife management but are often difficult to obtain. Researchers use a variety of sampling and statistical methods to generate estimates of density, but few studies have compared estimates across methods. During 2016–2017, we surveyed Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis) in southwestern Yukon Territory, Canada, using track transect counts, hair snares, camera traps, live traps, and Global Positioning System (GPS) collars. From these data, we estimated lynx density with two linearly scaled count methods, one spatial mark–recapture method, three spatial mark–resight methods, and one cumulative‐time method. We found up to fivefold variation in point density estimates despite adhering to method requirements and assumptions in a manner consistent with other studies. Our results highlight the dependency of density estimates on sampling process and model assumptions and demonstrate the value of careful and unbiased sampling design. Further research is needed to fully assess the accuracy and limitations of the many wildlife density estimation methods that are currently in use so that techniques can be appropriately applied to typical study systems and species.
Perceptions of quality of communication in family interactions in neurocritical care
Authors: Stewart Russell , Hobbs Kyle , Dixon Kristopher , Navarrete Roberto Alejandro , Khan Jannat , Petrulis Mary E. , Canzona Mollie , Sarwal Aarti 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveGiven the challenges of patient‐provider communication in neurocritical care lacking robust decision‐making tools on prognostication, we investigated concordance in perceptions of communication among participants in family discussions and assess the different domains of communication that affect these perceptions.MethodsProspective observational study conducted over 4 months in a tertiary‐level academic medical center neurocritical care unit. Our study involved family discussions regarding plan of care for admitted patients observed by a neutral observer. All participants completed a survey. The first four questions rated the understanding of the discussion and general satisfaction; the remaining questions were open‐ended to assess the quality of communication by the physician leading the discussion. Responses were scored and compared among participants using a Likert scale. A difference of < 1 in scores among participants was rated as concordance, whereas that of > 1 was designated as discordance. All open‐ended responses were classified into six domains.ResultsWe observed 35 family discussions. Questions 1 to 3 inquiring on general satisfaction, impact, and understanding of treatment options yielded 99 cross‐comparisons per question (297 compared responses). Most responses were either “Strongly Agree” or “Agree,” with “Neutral” or “Disagree” responses being more prevalent in Question 2 regarding the impact of the conversation. Overall concordance of responses between participants was 88% with a lower rate of concordance (72%) on Q2. Further open‐ended questions queried observers on specific physician‐spoken content, and answers were analyzed to identify domains that affected the perception of quality of communication. Education was the most frequently cited domain of communication in response to open‐ended questions. Among family and neutral observers, empathy was frequently listed, whereas providers more often listed family engagement.ConclusionOverall, satisfaction was high among providers, families, and the observer regarding the quality of communication during family discussions in the unit. Perceptual differences emerged over whether this communication impacted healthcare decision‐making during that encounter.
Climate change, women’s health, and the role of obstetricians and gynecologists in leadership
Authors: Giudice Linda C. , Llamas‐Clark Erlidia F. , DeNicola Nathaniel , Pandipati Santosh , Zlatnik Marya G. , Decena Ditas Cristina D. , Woodruff Tracey J. , Conry Jeanne A. ,   the FIGO Committee on Climate Change and Toxic Environmental Exposures
Published: October 2021

AbstractClimate change is one of the major global health threats to the world's population. It is brought on by global warming due in large part to increasing levels of greenhouse gases resulting from human activity, including burning fossil fuels (carbon dioxide), animal husbandry (methane from manure), industry emissions (ozone, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide), vehicle/factory exhaust, and chlorofluorocarbon aerosols that trap extra heat in the earth's atmosphere. Resulting extremes of weather give rise to wildfires, air pollution, changes in ecology, and floods. These in turn result in displacement of populations, family disruption, violence, and major impacts on water quality and availability, food security, public health and economic infrastructures, and limited abilities for civil society to maintain citizen safety. Climate change also has direct impacts on human health and well‐being. Particularly vulnerable populations are affected, including women, pregnant women, children, the disabled, and the elderly, who comprise the majority of the poor globally. Additionally, the effects of climate change disproportionally affect disadvantaged communities, including low income and communities of color, and lower‐income countries that are at highest risk of adverse impacts when disasters occur due to inequitable distribution of resources and their socioeconomic status. The climate crisis is tilting the risk balance unfavorably for women's sexual and reproductive health and rights as well as newborn and child health. Obstetrician/gynecologists have the unique opportunity to raise awareness, educate, and advocate for mitigation strategies to reverse climate change affecting our patients and their families. This article puts climate change in the context of women's reproductive health as a public health issue, a social justice issue, a human rights issue, an economic issue, a political issue, and a gender issue that needs our attention now for the health and well‐being of this and future generations. FIGO joins a broad coalition of international researchers and the medical community in stating that the current climate crisis presents an imminent health risk to pregnant people, developing fetuses, and reproductive health, and recognizing that we need society‐wide solutions, government policies, and global cooperation to address and reduce contributors, including fossil fuel production, to climate change.