bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
De bestrijding van het coronavirus in de eerste fase van de crisisbestrijding
Authors: Becker R.G. , Geertjes G.J.A. 
Published: July 2021

De bestrijding van het coronavirus in de eerste fase van de crisisbestrijding. Over de rol van het Veiligheidsberaad als overleggend en beslissend orgaan
In de periode tussen 12 maart en 1 december 2020 hadden de 25 veiligheidsregio’s een sleutelrol bij de bestrijding van het coronavirus. Zij volgden de bindende aanwijzingen van de Minister van VWS op en hadden daarnaast de bevoegdheid om eigen maatregelen voor hun regio te nemen. Dankzij het afstemmingsoverleg tussen de veiligheidsregio’s in het Veiligheidsberaad is in de corona-aanpak niettemin steeds een grote mate van uniformiteit zichtbaar geweest. In deze bijdrage komt aan de orde hoe beperkt de ruimte voor een gedifferentieerde corona-aanpak in de afgelopen maanden is geweest en waarom de betrokkenheid van de veiligheidsregio’s bij de coronabestrijding achteraf gezien als een gelukkige greep kan worden beschouwd.
Covidiaans wetgeven in den vreemde
Authors: van Oort S.P. 
Published: July 2021

Covidiaans wetgeven in den vreemde. De eerste golf coronamaatregelen in Duitsland, Frankrijk en het Verenigd Koninkrijk vanuit wetgevingsperspectief
Vanuit wetgevingsperspectief bespreek ik de regelgevende maatregelen die ter bestrijding van de coronapandemie zijn genomen tussen 12 maart en 1 juli 2020 in Duitsland, Frankrijk en het Verenigd Koninkrijk. Per land bespreek ik zaken als het staatsnoodrecht, de bevoegdheidsverdeling tussen overheden en parlementaire betrokkenheid. De conclusie is dat elk land opereerde binnen de bestaande kaders van de publieke gezondheidswetgeving en met vaak staatsnoodrechtelijke vormen. De état d’urgence sanitaire en de epidemischen Lage von nationaler Tragweite doen daarbij de vraag rijzen of zulke op de aard van de crisis toegespitste rechtstoestanden geen plaats verdienen in het te moderniseren Nederlandse staatsnoodrecht.
Hardheidsclausules
Authors: Nap M. 
Published: July 2021

Hardheidsclausules
De Tweede Kamer heeft bij herhaling en met algemene stemmen opgeroepen tot het gebruik van hardheidsclausules in wetgeving. In deze aflevering van ‘Legisprudentie’ wordt nagegaan hoe de Raad van State over zulke clausules denkt.
Avaliação quantitativa e bioatividade de um biofilme perifítico oriundo de piscicultura
Authors: Silva Jéssica Lucinda Saldanha da , Torres Rodríguez Marina Teresa , Carvalho Fátima Cristiane Teles de , Sousa Oscarina Viana de 
Published: July 2021

Um biofilme perifítico formado em um cultivo de tilápias-do-nilo foi analisado para determinação quantitativa de bactérias e fungos, detecção de substâncias com ação antibacteriana e avaliação de perfis de resistência frente a antibióticos comerciais. Foi empregado o método de contagem padrão em placas por meio da técnica inoculação em profundidade para a quantificação das bactérias heterotróficas cultiváveis (BHC) e a técnica de espalhamento sobre meio de cultura para a de fungos. Investigou-se a produção de substâncias antibacterianas pela comunidade e a susceptibilidade a antibióticos de amplo espectro, ambos por meio da técnica de difusão em ágar. As concentrações de bactérias e fungos cultiváveis na comunidade de perifíton foram, respectivamente, 1,73×106 UFC/mL e 1,45×102 UFC/mL. O biofilme perifítico mostrou ação antibacteriana contra bactéria indicadora Gram positiva. Os antibióticos Cloranfenicol, Tetraciclina e Cefalotina foram eficientes contra os componentes do biofilme. Entretanto, a comunidade apresentou perfil de resistência ao Imipinem. As bactérias são os componentes dominantes no biofilme perifítico em comparação com os fungos contribuindo com a ciclagem de nutrientes e influenciando a qualidade da água de cultivo. O perifíton possui potencial biotecnológico de ação antimicrobiana.
Quality Characteristics and Sensory Properties of Noodles Produced from Blends of Wheat, Acha (Digitaria exilis), Bambara Groundnut, and Cocoyam Composite Flours
Authors: Mepba Horsefall D. , Emelike Nkechi Juliet Tamuno , Agiriga Emmanuel , Mary Emmanuel Uchechi 
Published: July 2021

The objective of this study was to investigate the quality characteristics and sensory properties of noodles produced from composite flours of wheat, acha, bambara groundnut, and cocoyam. Composite flours of wheat/acha, wheat/bambara groundnut, wheat/cocoyam and wheat/acha/bambara groundnut/cocoyam were formulated by substituting acha, cocoyam and bambara groundnut flours at 10, 20 and 30% each while 100% wheat flour was used as the control. The composite flours were used to produce noodles and the noodles subjected to chroma meter analysis, proximate analysis, culinary and sensory properties evaluation. Proximate analysis revealed that the noodles contained moisture content of 10.11-11.11%, 2.72-3.99% ash, 10.34-17.52% protein, 1.25-7.51% lipid, 0.56-1.64% crude fibre and 59.38-75.03% carbohydrate. There was an increase in the moisture, ash, protein, lipid and crude fibre contents with a decrease in carbohydrate as substitution with cocoyam, acha and bambara groundnut flours increased without observed significant (p>0.05) differences. With the addition of acha, bambara groundnut and cocoyam composites into wheat flour, water absorption progressively increased from 1.75 (control) to 2.07ml/g (Wheat-Acha-bambara-cocoyam 60:10:20:10). There was a significant (p<0.05) increase in the cooking loss of the noodle samples as substitution levels of acha, Bambara groundnut and cocoyam flour increased. Cooking time decreased for wheat: acha flour noodles and increased for wheat: cocoyam flour noodles as substitution levels of acha and cocoyam flour increased. The composite flour of wheat: acha: cocoyam: Bambara groundnut flour also showed a decrease in cooking time as acha, cocoyam and Bambara groundnut flours were incorporated. There was no significant (p 0.05) difference in the L*, a* and b* values of wheat-bambara composite noodles. L* values of wheat-acha composite noodles increased significantly (p 0.05) with the increase in substitution with acha composite. Substitution of wheat flour with 10% to 30% acha flour and 10% to 20% Bambara groundnut flour resulted in noodles with acceptability sensory attributes.
Pertinent Nutrient Status in Soil and Water of Kargah and Napuras Streams in Gilgit Valley
Authors: -Zaman Badar-uz , Khan Huda , Tariq Maryam 
Published: July 2021

Aims: To observe the status of salinity build up besides inorganic nutrient status at different sites in Kargah and Napuras streams of Gilgit valley.
Study Design: one-way ANOVA means using LSD test.
Place and Duration of Study: Kargah and Napuras streams and nearby village in Gilgit valley and the duration of the study was 3 months.
Methodology: Soil and water sampling to analyze pertinent salinity parameters besides inorganic nutrient status.
Results: Soil and water properties for important salinity parameters were normal at mid point after entering the village areas of Kargah and Napuras streams. Human activities especially to raise crops by applying fertilizers needs to monitor with a specific time scale in order to avoid salinity build up.
Production of Antibodies in Egg Whites of Chickens
Authors: Vaillant Angel Justiz , Ferrer-Cosme Belkis , Vuma Sehlule 
Published: July 2021

Background: IgM, which participates in the primary immune response, is the primary antibody in egg whites. There is scant information about the production of antibodies in egg whites. This study describes the preparation of antibodies against a bacterial antigen, staphylococcal protein-A.
Methods: The detection of antibodies against staphylococcal protein-A in egg white was performed by ELISA, and the antibodies were purified by protein-A affinity chromatography. Agglutination inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I strains by purified antibodies against protein-A in vitro was investigated.
Results: ELISA showed the production of antibodies against staphylococcal protein-A in the egg whites of layer hens. The antibodies were separated using affinity chromatography. The agglutination of Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I strains occurred when the purified antibodies were incubated with S. aureus.
Conclusion: The results showed that it is possible to produce antibodies against bacterial antigens in egg whites, which can have industrial applications in the preparation of antibodies for immunotherapy of infectious diseases.
Harnessing the Benefits of Jute as Potherbs
Authors: Roy Anita , Mondal Debjani , Kumari Amrita , Hazari Sourav , Pramanick K 
Published: July 2021

Demand for unconventional potherbs is increasing and known medicinal values or high content of Vitamin A or protein or Vitamin C will help jute to be equally popular as cheap sources of these. Walking on the paths of age-old belief on utilization of Jute as pat shak or potherbs (plant parts like leaves, flowers, stems, etc, that can be used in cooking or seasoning and flavouring) in some confined areas of India, the present study was undertaken with five varieties each of oilitorius and capsularis grown in teaching Farm Mondouri, BCKV in Randomised Block Design (RBD) with four replications during 2018- 2019 (4 rows of 4 m each) following recommended agronomic practices. Planting was done in first week of april month and were harvested after one month. Biomass traits like leaf length (cm), number of leaves per plant, leaf width (cm), petiole length(cm), plant height (cm), weight per plant (gm) were recorded along with an estimation of Vitamin A, Vitamin C and protein content in the leaves. In olitorius heritability was moderately high in all the traits except a number of leaves along with moderate Genetic Advance as per cent of Mean (GAM) for Leaf length. Fresh weight indicates that this may be due to additive gene effects and selection for these types of traits may be always rewarding. In capsularis heritability was moderately high for all traits except for the leaf length along with moderate GAM for petiole length and fresh weight indicates that this may be due to additive gene effects and selection for these types of traits may be rewarding. JRO 524 recorded high biomass yield along with high content of vitamin A (6950 IU (approximately 40 % of carrot) can serve as a cheap source of Vitamin A in the northeast provinces where it can be successfully taken as a vegetable as it happens to be one among the twenty-five popularly cultivated leafy vegetables (shaks) in West Bengal. Young jute leaves are flavorful and tender are rich in betacarotene, iron, calcium, and Vitamin C. Criteria of selection for improvement of yield can be taken in terms of wt g per 10 plants as suggested in capsularis and both wt of leaves and petiole size and no of leaves in case of olitorius. Also it can be stated that the traits like no of leaves and Leaf length are more affected by environmental variations in case of olitorius and the trait like plant height in case of capsularis. JRO 524 recorded high biomass yield along with high content of vItamin A (6950 IU approximately 40 % of carrot) can serve as a cheap source of Vitamin A in the northeast provinces where it can be successfully taken as a vegetable.
Effect of using Blended Learning Method on Final Year Students of BAMS to Learn Shalyatantra
Authors: Shrivastav Pooja , Ghewade Babaji , Parwe Shweta , Dasar Devyani 
Published: July 2021

Background: E – learning has been considered as one the most up-to-date learning techniques, which come with a slew of benefits like it allows worker to be trained, educated etc and negative aspect like dependence on technology, a lack of motivation, and a lack of human touch. Blended learning, on the other hand, is a mix of online and face-to-face learning. The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of blended learning to traditional learning.
Aim and Objectives: To study the effect of Blended learning method on Final year BAMS students in comparison with conventional teaching method to learn Shalyatantra.
Methodology: The Final year BAMS students of MGAC.H & RC will be selected for the study and equally divided in two equal groups i.e A and B. ‘Kshar Karma’ will be taken as study topic. In Group A, topic will be taught by Conventional method while in Group B it will be taught by Blended learning method. Senior and experienced Shalyatantra faculty will be chosen. Sensitization of teacher and final year BAMS student regarding Blended learning method will be done. Total 70 students will be equally divided into two groups. Pretest (before commencing study) and posttest (after sessions) form consisting of 20 MCQ will be distributed and filled up by the participants.
Results: Result will be drawn on the basis of the observations.
Conclusion: Conclusion of the study will be drawn on the basis of statistical data calculated.
Utilization Pattern of Indian Traditional Medicine in the Treatment of Cancer
Authors: Mathew Manju K. , Saravanan K. , Abraham Sujith 
Published: July 2021

Aim: The aim of this study was to find the utilization pattern of Indian traditional medicine systems among the cancer patients.
Study Design: The present study is an observation cross-section design and conducted among the patients visiting in a hospital practicing Indian Traditional Medicine system from January2019 – December 2019.
Methodology: 379 cancer patients were participated in this study and required information were collected using a descriptive semi-structured questionnaire.
Results: The result implies that ITMS is widespread in cancer patients with 86.28% treating with selected form of ITS. A mixed group of 341 remedy was recognized and practiced. Ayurveda, Siddha, Homeopathy, Unani as well as Yoga and nutrition was the very frequently prescribed ITMS remedies. Herbal medicine use tripled from use prior to detection of cancer. Multivariate analysis showed that the usage patterns of the ITMS patients were belong to the adult populations and female. The source of information was mainly from friends/ family and the media, while directions from allopathic doctors and nurses were very negligible in giving ITMS related suggestions. 82.06% of patients used ITMS in order to improve the immunity to fight against cancer and/ or increase physical well-being. 88.92% of patients have gained from ITMS. 10.03% of patients reported minor side effects.
Conclusion: From the findings of the present, that the healthcare professionals can investigate the use of ITMS with cancer patients. The patients have shown strong attraction towards the ITM system due to less side effects and comparatively treatment cost is less though the efficacy and safety are yet to be explored many therapy regimens. The patients can be counselled regarding its potential benefits of ITMS remedies with the restricted existing effectiveness and for the improvement of patients.
Drinking Water Practices, Quality and GIT Disturbances at Household Level in Rural Setting of Wardha District, Maharashtra, India
Authors: Agrawal Saloni , Dakohde Sarika , Singh Brijpal , Mahajan Shital 
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Limited availability of safe drinking water and poor sanitation can lead to water borne diseases. In India, alone waterborne diseases are projected to have an economic burden of approximately USD 600 million a year. Rural population face water, sanitation, and hygiene-related health issues. In India, many programs are running since decades, but there is need to understand current scenario of drinking water practices in the community.
Objectives: To assess the drinking water practices, purification methods, drinking water quality at household level and Gastrointestinal GIT disturbances among the visited household.
Methods: This community based cross-sectional study was conducted during July-December 2019 in purposively selected three villages of field practice area JNMC, Wardha. Sample size is calculated to be 96 household and rounded up to 100 for each village (total 300 household). Households of Village A, B, and C are 392, 388 and 381 respectively. 100 household were selected by systematic random sampling method. Information was collected by interviewing adult at home after verbal consent by using Pre-structured, pre-tested questionnaire. Randomly ten water samples from each village tested for quality.
Results: Most of the household i.e. 80% have water source in their premises into dwelling (47%) or own yard (32%). Overall 61% of the household had adopted purification method. Village-wise distribution for adoption of purification methods, it is found significantly highest in village C and lowest in A (X2 -8.54, p=0.013). On an average 25% of the household reported that family members were suffered from gastrointestinal disturbances. Village-wise distribution for GIT disturbances cases, it is found significantly highest in village A and lowest in C (X2-19.25, p=0.0001). Most common purification method is filtration by using cloth or net by 41%. Total 76.67% water samples were contaminated.
Conclusion: Village which shows higher percentage of HH adopted purification method suffered less from GIT disturbances. Most of water samples were unsafe for drinking purpose. Hence community can be aware through an integrated approach such as Village, health sanitation and nutrition committee can be strengthened.
A Protein‐Based Free‐Standing Proton‐Conducting Transparent Elastomer for Large‐Scale Sensing Applications
Authors: Nandi Ramesh , Agam Yuval , Amdursky Nadav 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA most important endeavor in modern materials’ research is the current shift toward green environmental and sustainable materials. Natural resources are one of the attractive building blocks for making environmentally friendly materials. In most cases, however, the performance of nature‐derived materials is inferior to the performance of carefully designed synthetic materials. This is especially true for conductive polymers, which is the topic here. Inspired by the natural role of proteins in mediating protons, their utilization in the creation of a free‐standing transparent polymer with a highly elastic nature and proton conductivity comparable to that of synthetic polymers, is demonstrated. Importantly, the polymerization process relies on natural protein crosslinkers and is spontaneous and energy‐efficient. The protein used, bovine serum albumin, is one of the most affordable proteins, resulting in the ability to create large‐scale materials at a low cost. Due to the inherent biodegradability and biocompatibility of the elastomer, it is promising for biomedical applications. Here, its immediate utilization as a solid‐state interface for sensing of electrophysiological signals, is shown.
Temperature Hypersensitive Organic Electroluminescence in a Reverse Biased, Frozen Polymer P–I–N Junction
Authors: Wang Dongze , Hu Shiyu , Gao Jun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSemiconductor junctions are among the most important material interfaces in modern technology. The solid polymer light‐emitting electrochemical cell (PLEC) possesses a semiconducting polymer homojunction that is reminiscent of a conventional p–n junction but also exhibits distinct features that are profoundly intriguing. The PLEC junction is formed under bias when the propagating p‐ and n‐doping fronts make contact. The PLEC junction can be immobilized by cooling after the initial junction formation. Further, the resulting frozen junction can be relaxed, or partially de‐doped into a p–i–n junction by controlled heating/cooling cycles. It is on such a frozen polymer p–i–n junction that the authors observed one of the most puzzling phenomena in organic electroluminescence (EL). The frozen p–i–n junction displays the brightest reverse bias (RB) EL ever imaged in a polymer junction and a large photovoltage. Moreover, the RB EL exhibits hypersensitivity to temperature, increasing in intensity by 22.6% K−1 when the de‐doped cell is cooled from 250 to 200 K. A model based on the tunnel injection of charge carriers with fast transit time across the intrinsic region explains the RB EL's hypersensitivity to temperature and super‐linear dependence on cell current.
Study on Influencing Factors of Consistency in Manufacturing Process of Vehicle Lithium‐Ion Battery Based on Correlation Coefficient and Multivariate Linear Regression Model
Authors: Han Youjun , Yuan Hongyuan , Li Jin , Du Juan , Hu Yueming , Huang Xuejie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLithium‐ion battery manufacturing is a multiprocess serial system and the consistency of each single cell will affect the performance and safety of battery system after grouping. Therefore, optimizing the battery preparation process and improving the battery consistency have become the key technical issues in battery preparation process. In this study, the inconsistency of finished batteries caused by manufacturing process is analyzed from three processes: electrode preparation, battery assembly, and liquid injection and formation and the structure–activity relationship between manufacturing process data and battery consistency is studied. Taking the actual capacity, self‐discharge rate, and internal resistance of single cell as target variables, the correlation coefficient matrix between original process variables and target variables is constructed by using correlation analysis method and the correlation index between process variables and target variables is obtained. The multiple linear regression model is established by stepwise regression method and the weight of original process variables affecting battery consistency is deduced. The results show that the data of multiple process links have a high influence weight on the actual capacity and self‐discharge rate of batteries, which provide a theoretical model for the key strategies of improving quality consistency in lithium‐ion battery industry.
Efficient callus induction and regeneration in proso millet
Authors: Liu Beibei , Wu Huiqin , Yang Simin , Wu Enguo , Yang Pu , Gao Xiaoli 
Published: July 2021

AbstractProso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) is an important drought‐tolerant crop, and recently it has become a research focus because of its health‐care and nutrition significance. A study was carried out to investigate callus induction and differentiation and plantlet rooting in Shaanmi 1 and Shaanmi 2 with young leaves of the two varieties. Its result showed that in proso millet, the age of aseptic seedlings could influence on inducing calli from young leaves with the highest callus induction frequency at the seedling age of 7 d. N6 medium performed better in inducing calli from young leaves. There did appear to be no calli on MS medium without 2,4‐D, but calli were induced on N6 medium without 2,4‐D in Shaanmi 2, with its induction frequency standing 6.45% and no calli were induced on the medium without 2,4‐D in Shaanmi 1. With 2,4‐D added, there appeared the highest callus induction frequency at a 2,4‐D concentration of 3.0 mg L–1. The optimal medium to induce calli from young leaves in proso millet was N6 medium plus 2,4‐D (3.0 mg L–1) and KT (0.5 mg L–1), with its callus induction frequency at 64.33% (Shaanmi 1) and 68.67% (Shaanmi 2), respectively. The optimal callus differentiation medium was MS medium plus 1.0 mg L–1 6‐BA and 0.5 mg L–1NAA, with its differentiation rate at 87.78% (Shaanmi 1) and 96.29% (Shaanmi 2), respectively. Proline adding at 600 mg L–1 was conducive to callus differentiation. The optimal rooting medium was 1/2MS medium plus NAA (0.1 mg L–1), with its rooting rate at 100%.