bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Julian Tuwim: Misfortunes of a Polish-Jewish Poet in Exile
Authors: Milgram Avraham 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article examines the lesser-known chapter in the life of the Polish poet and writer of Jewish origin Julian Tuwim during World War II. With the German invasion of Poland on September 1, 1939, and after suffering in prewar ethnocentric and anti-Semitic Poland, Tuwim fled to Romania, where he tried, in vain, to obtain a visa for the British Mandatory Palestine, without having any Zionist affinity. This attempt was based on friendly relations with Leib Jaffe, the director of the Zionist National Fund in Poland. Tuwim’s attitude towards Zionism is analyzed in the context of similar attitudes of Joseph Roth and Stefan Zweig. Shortly thereafter, Tuwim came to Paris where he manifested, for the first time, anguish of exile, a feeling that didn’t leave him until the end of the war. After the German invasion of France, Tuwim fled to Portugal where he experienced a deep anguish over the refusal of an American visa, lack of money and prospects. In Lisbon, with the help of a Brazilian writer and diplomat, Tuwim obtained a visa to enter Brazil, where, with ambivalent feelings, he began his famous poem “Kwiaty polskie” [Polish flowers]. After nine months, Tuwim and his wife finally arrived in the USA where, in addition to being a writer, Tuwim became a political engagé. “We Polish Jews …” is the poem written in the shadow of the Jewish tragedy which reflects the complexity of Tuwim’s Polish-Jewish identity before and during World War II.
Rough Notations? The Puzzle of Janusz Korczak’s Ghetto Journal
Authors: Filipowicz Halina 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Janusz Korczak’s last, unfinished book, written in the Warsaw ghetto in 1942, is known under a rather misleading title, Pamiętnik, rendered as Diary or Memoir in English. Long considered a collection of rough diaristic notations and confessional scribblings, it is valued as a testimonial document but denied, often enough, any artistic ambition. Some commentators go so far as to suggest that by 1942 Korczak, sixty-three or sixty-four at the time, was finished as a creative writer. This article, in contrast, argues that reading Pamiętnik only for documentary evidence is inadequate. At once building on and departing from commentaries by Irena Maciejewska and Jacek Leociak, I undertake to show that the importance of this rich and often enigmatic work lies not only in its documentary record but also in Korczak’s sophisticated exploration of literary form and rhetorical strategy and that, furthermore, attention to his artistic preoccupations helps recuperate aspects of the book that have been rendered invisible by its canonical status as a historical document. The larger goal of this reappraisal is to broaden an understanding of Korczak as writer and thinker and to recover him for cutting-edge experimental literature.
Gamification in Higher Education
Authors: Kovácsné Pusztai Kinga 
Published: March 2021

The way of thinking and the way of life of the today's children and teenagers have changed radically. Some of the well-established pedagogical methods that were used for decades have become obsolete. Therefore, we need to look for a new method to approach Generations Z and Alpha. Gamification, which has been known since 2010 and means the use of game elements in other areas of life, offers an opportunity to do so.In addition to a brief description of gamification, my article shows some possibilities for using it at the university. Furthermore, I investigate the impact of gamification on the student in "Algorithms and Data Structures" university course.
Subject Classification: 97P30
Regula falsi in lower secondary school education II
Authors: Fülöp Zsolt 
Published: March 2021

The aim of this paper is to investigate the pupils' word problem solving strategies in lower secondary school education. Students prior experiences with solving word problems by arithmetic methods can create serious difficulties in the transition from arithmetic to algebra. The arithmetical methods are mainly based on manipulation with numbers. When pupils are faced with the methods of algebra they often have difficulty in formulating algebraic equations to represent the information given in word problems. Their troubles are manifested in the meaning they give to the unknown, their interpretation what an equation is, and the methods they choose to set up and solve equations. Therefore they mainly use arithmetical and numerical checking methods to solve word problems. In this situation it is necessary to introduce alternative methods which make the transition from arithmetic to algebra more smooth. In the following we will give a detailed presentation of the false position method. In our opinion this method is useful in the lower secondary school educational processes, especially to reduce the great number of random trial-and-error problem solving attempts among the lower secondary school pupils. We will also show the results of some problem solving activities among grade 6-8 pupils. We analysed their problem solving strategies and we compared our findings with the results of other research works.
Subject Classification: 97-03, 97-11, 97B10, 97B50, 97D40, 97F10, 97H10, 97H20, 97H30, 97N10, 97N20
De eeuwige zoektocht naar de meest fundamentele persoonlijke oorzaken van misdadigheid
Authors: Harte Joke , Beekman Hanneke 
Published: March 2021

On the never-ending search for the most fundamental personal causes of delinquency. A historical outline of forensic psychiatry
For this anniversary issue of the centenary of the journal PROCES, we focused on the field of forensic psychiatry. What does one hundred years of PROCES tell us about the developments in this domain? Our starting point was an article from 1930. At that time, forensic psychiatry was not yet an integrated part of the criminal process. The anonymous author makes a plea for this to be the case. He substantiates this on the basis of four cases from his own practice. Now, one hundred years later, we conclude that this integration of forensic psychiatry into the criminal justice practice has been accomplished: there is ample attention to the mental health of suspects and detainees. The cases also show us how drastically the perspective on delinquents with a mental condition has changed, as a suspect suffering from a mental disorder was seen, by definition, as not criminally responsible. Reviewing the developments of the past hundred years has made us realize how temporary and transient our current perspective is. We are, however, convinced that the interest in individual motives of delinquents will always remain.
Van culturele delicten naar schadelijke praktijken
Authors: ten Voorde Jeroen 
Published: March 2021

From cultural offences to harmful practices. Forty years of cultural issues in criminal law in PROCES
In 1981, PROCES published its first article on the criminal justice system in a pluriform or multicultural society. That article turned out to be the first of many articles on so-called cultural offences, like honour related violence and female genital mutilation, and the ways in which the criminal justice system could and should respond to these offences. This article reviews the various articles written on these topics for the past forty years and tries to finds an answer why it was that authors choose PROCES to publish their articles.
Adaptive Window Selection for Non-uniform Lighting Image Thresholding
Authors: Pattnaik Tapaswini , Kanungo Priyadarshi 
Published: March 2021

Selection of appropriate size of windows or subimages is the most important step for thresholding images with non-uniform lighting. In this paper, a novel criteria function is developed to partition images into different size of sub images appropriate for thresholding. After the partitioning, each subimage is segmented by Otsu’s thresholding approaches. The performance of the proposed method is validated on benchmark test images with different degree of uneven lighting. Based on the qualitative and quantitative measures, the proposed method is fully automatic, fast and efficient in comparison to many landmark approaches.
Electrochemical Corrosion and Metal Ion Release Protective Efficiency of the Multilayer TaN Coatings on CoCrMo Biomedical Alloy
Authors: ASLAN Ali Kemal , BAHÇE Erkan , GÜLER Mehmet Sami 
Published: March 2021

CoCrMo alloy is widely used in artificial orthopedic joint applications due to its high mechanical properties. But, high levels of the metal ion release from alloy surfaces cause variable toxic and allergic effects on the patient in vivo use. This case restricts the lifetime of the implant and results in the failure of the artificial joint. In order to enhance the corrosion resistance and to decrease the metal ion release, alloy surface was multilayer-coated by closed field unbalanced magnetron system. The protective efficiency of the coatings was determined by potentiodynamic polarization tests and static immersion tests were performed for 45, 60 and 90 days in the simulated body fluid in order to understand the effect of the coatings on the metal ion release. The metal ion concentrations in the simulated body fluids were determined by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry device. The electrochemical corrosion results showed that the multilayer coatings provided 93 % protective efficiency in terms of corrosion resistance. Multilayer coatings decreased the metal ions release levels significantly, especially Co leaking was decreased approximately 52 times compared to uncoated samples.
Global Alliances to Accelerate Innovation at Plug and Play Technology Center
Authors: Masrour Alireza 
Published: March 2021

The Plug and Play (PnP) accelerator model is differentiated vs. traditional accelerators in many ways, especially by encouraging cross industry collaboration globally. PnP has developed a global network spanning the value chain from universities to startup companies, to financial partners, to global industry leaders in multiple industries, including life sciences, med tech and digital technologies. Networking activities across the value chain and cross industry encourage associate thinking and collaboration and differentiates PnP vs. other accelerators.
Financial Capital Inflows, Manufacturing Exports and Economic Growth in Palestine: A Threshold Regression Analysis
Authors: Badwan Nemer , Atta Mohammed 
Published: March 2021

Aims: The study examined the Optimal Level of the Financial Capital Inflows and Manufacturing Exports, Economic Growth in Palestine. Annual data from the (2000-2018) to Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), Foreign Portfolio Investment (FPI), cross-border borrowing from the World Bank (Components Of Financial Capital Inflows) Financial Sector Development (FSD) real GDP (RGDP) and Manufacturing Exports (MEX) were no different from other Production Sources, Palestinian Monetary Authority (PMA) and Ministry of National Economy (MONE), Ministry of Finance and Planning (MOFP), Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS), Statistical Bulletin while data on Gross Capital Formation (GCF) and Human Capital (HC) was the source of the World Bank also curvature.
Study Design: Cross-Sectional Survey Research (Qualitative & Quantitative).
Place and Duration of the Study: Various Governmental Organizations in Palestine, between the periods (2000-2018).
Methodology: Quantitative and Qualitative specification model, the equations used to examine the Optimal Level, impact and the relationship of Financial Capital Inflows and Manufacturing Exports on Palestinian Economic Growth, Threshold Regression Analysis was used to detect and verify the Optimal Level of Financial Capital Inflows by analyzing the data that have been collected from the Electronic Sources which available on the official websites of Governmental Organizations for the period (2000-2018). The methodology of the study revealed the relationship of the Optimal Level of Financial Capital Inflows with Manufacturing Exports on Economic Growth in Palestine. Data collection process and data analysis techniques employed to achieve the current study objective.
Results: The study found that the optimization results showed that the Financial Capital Inflows of (CINF) Threshold value (21.77%) with a coefficient of (7.74) per year is the Optimal Level of Financial Capital Inflows in Palestine the Threshold Point Manufacturing Exports to any Financial Capital Inflows (CINF) of the Threshold value of Manufacturing Exports in Palestine. The study concludes that the Optimal Level for Financial Capital Inflows to Economic Growth is (21.77%); any Threshold Level above the sustainable level of Economic Growth will be adversely affected in Palestine.
Conclusion: Findings of the study found that the Flow of Financial Capital Threshold exists for the Manufacture of Exports, and therefore recommends that excessive Financial Capital Inflows should be avoided in the country so that it does not make the conduct of Monetary Policy difficult, while the need of Financial Capital Inflows must be monitored well and directed to sectors (such as Industry, Agriculture, Mining and Quarrying) that have the absorptive capacity for them.
A Phenomenological Study of the Lived Experiences of Graduate Students Adapting Flexible Learning Modality Due to COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Delgado Jenelyn E. , Arellano Josefine 
Published: March 2021

The Lived Experiences of Graduate Students Adapting Flexible Learning Modality due to COVID-19 Pandemic was examined in this study. It tackles how the graduate students can cope with the many challenges the new normal of our educational system could offer. Using a qualitative, phenomenological research framework, this study uses in-depth individual interviews to collect data. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and thematically analyzed. To further explore the perception of the participants in taking PhD class despite of flexible learning, there are four questions to get the reactions, like: The aspects of an online course that they are worried about or thought would be beneficial. Advantage and disadvantage of online course. Comparison of graduate students’ experiences in flexible learning modality to normal classes. Experience with the online technologies that they utilized. With that questions as a guide, themes, sub themes and significant statement were identified. They think that flexible modality does not affect or hinder learning for their professional advancement and growth. They took advantage of the online class, not to travel to school anymore. Worry on the first meeting because they could not easily join the Google meet. Enjoyable but Brain draining. Compared to normal classes they said: Convenient because it lessens the fare for transportation, more time at home, can attend the class even without taking a bath, save expenses for food and fare. Inconvenient in the sense that they could not cope with the discussion because of poor internet connectivity. As to the delivery of knowledge, they are the same. The online technologies quantify their eagerness to learn new and advance technology Recommendations for online instructors to support students about the flexible learning modality. There should be provision for modules, videos and other links. Be lenient and understanding of the submission of requirements because of limited time and poor connectivity. Minimize the activities.
The Effectiveness of Using Prednisolone in Children with Community – Acquired Pneumonia
Authors: Sadikov Nematullo , Yue Xu Chao , Hong Xin Zhi , Odilov Bekzod , Hua Zhang Zhao 
Published: March 2021

Community-acquired Pneumonia (CAP) is an infection of the lung parenchyma that is acquired outside of hospital, [1] involved approximately 150 million new cases annually, among children younger than 5 years old worldwide. We retrospectively evaluated the effect of Prednisolone in 89 children with CAP who were admitted to the 2nd hospital of Shandong University (China) and Infectious diseases of Andijon region (Uzbekistan). The mean age was 6.3 in China (Placebo) and 9.3 in Uzbekistan (control) years, 54% and 52% of them were boys respectively. All children had received broad spectrum antibiotics (cephalosporin) or Macrolides (Azithromycin) and Oxygen. In addition to these we added Prednisolone 1 mg/kg on day 2 of admission to control group. 24 (68.5% from all febrile) children were became afebrile within 24 hours after Predisolone use on day 3 of admission, and their clinical status developed in control group, when it was achieved on day 7 in Placebo group. Hospital days also shortened in control group (6 days) than placebo (8 days) (p value ≤ 0.01). In conclusion, steroid therapy helpful for reducing hospital stay and morbidity in children with community-acquired Pneumonia and no observed side effects.
Estimation of Indole Acetic Acid and Phosphate Solubilisation by the Yeasts Isolated from the Leguminous Crops
Authors: K. Archana , C. Mallesha B. 
Published: March 2021

Aim: The present study was aimed to estimate the quantity of IAA production and Phosphate solubilisation by the isolated yeasts from the leguminous crops.
Place and Duration of Work: The experiments were carried out in the Department of Agricultural Microbiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru during 2019-2020.
Methodology: Yeasts were isolated from the leguminous crops such as Red gram, Cowpea, Green gram, Black gram and Bengal gram. Thirty-five yeast isolates were obtained using four media and were subjected to IAA production test and Phosphorus solubilisation by Spectrophotometry method. All the yeast isolates were subjected to the temperature tolerance test at 25, 30, 35 and 40°C.
Results: Yeast isolate, CP15SI21 has found to produce the highest IAA under in vitro conditions 30.50 μg/ml and the lowest was found to be 17.16μg/ml by yeast isolate BG20SI29. 24 yeast isolates were found to produce above 20 μg/ml. In the case of Phosphate solubilisation highest was observed in GG7SI9 (25.70 mg/l) and lowest in BG6SI8 (1.20 mg/l). Seven isolates showed Phosphate solubilisation above 10 mg/l. At 35°C all the yeast isolates have shown very good growth compared to other lower temperatures. All the yeast isolates were found to grow in the media supplemented with micronutrients such as zinc and potassium.
Conclusion: Our study highlights the potential of yeasts isolated from the leguminous crops that can help in plant growth promotion as the yeast isolates are capable of producing higher amounts of IAA. Some of the yeast isolates can solubilise phosphate under in vitro conditions which in turn helps in the utilization of unavailable P from soils thereby improves plant growth and tolerance to a higher temperature can alleviate abiotic stress.
An İn vitro Study on Anticancer Activity of Noscapine
Authors: Çoban Funda Karabağ , Bulduk İbrahim , İslam İzzet , Aytuğ Hande 
Published: March 2021

Aims: Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among women and ranks second among the causes of female death in the world. In order to find a solution to breast cancer, different studies are being conducted for the treatment and the effects of different drugs and substances on this disease are intensively investigated. Boric acid has been shown to control the proliferation of certain types of cancer cells.Noscapine is one of the ingredients in Papaver somniferum (opium). It was first isolated from Papaver somniferum (opium) in 1817. It is one of the most abundant opioids found in the opium plant (up to 10% of the total composition) after morphine. It is also known as Narcotine, Nectodon, Nospen, Anarcotine, and (archaic) Opiane and occurs in the (-)α isomer which has S, R stereochemistry (S stereochemistry at phthalide-carbon and R at isoquinoline-carbon). Noscapine is structurally and chemically different from other opium alkaloids such as morphine, codeine, thebaine, papaverine, and narceine.
Materials and Methods: Based on this information, this study was conducted in vitro to optimize the pure form of noscapine (obtained from the poppy capsule) by applying different concentrations on MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines. HPLC technique which is one of the most widely analytical techniques has been used in this study. Determination of the LD50 value and cell proliferation by viability test was also performed to investigate the predicted effects of noscapine on MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines using VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor) and PARP (Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase) Analysis.
Discussion: According to the results, it was observed in proliferation experiment that the vitality values decreased in direct proportion to the concentration and time at concentrations of 5 ppm, 10 ppm, 25 ppm, 50 ppm, 75 ppm, and 100 ppm. The LD50 value was determined as 50 ppm. There was no significant difference in VEGF values. It was also observed that the PARP level was lower than control group.
Conclusion: As a result of the vitality test performed with the CCK-8 kit, it was determined that noscapine has an antiproliferative effect in various concentrations. The low PARP data in the noscapine groups suggests that the cell goes to apoptotic death.
EXTRACTIVE SUBSTANCES OF FRUIT BODY GOLDEN CHANTERELLE (CANTHARELLUS CIBARIUS FR.) AND HEDGEHOG MUSHROOM (HYDNUM REPANDUM FR.)
Authors: Antonyuk Volodymyr , Panchak Lidiia V. , Antonyuk Lidiia Ya , Zyn Alina R. 
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this work was to perform a comparative study of the chemical composition of Cantharellus cibarius Fr. and Hydnum repandum Fr. and the revision of the data in the occurrence of carotenoids, ergocaliferol, tocopherols and phenolic compounds.
Substances extracted with 80% ethanol from dried fruit bodies of both fungi were investigated. The fatty acids quantitative and qualitative contents were examined by Gas chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS).
Lipophilic substances of hexane extract were investigated by chemical reactions and Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) after the separation of compounds from this fraction on a silica gel column.
It was determined that the hexane fraction of both mushrooms contained a large amount of higher fatty acids and their esters. Linoleic acid (31.42 %) and oleic acid (57.89 %) were the dominant components in Cantharellus cibarius and Hydnum repandum accordingly.
Tocopherols, carotenoids and ergocalciferol were also found in the hexane extracted fraction. The estimated content of tocopherols was ≈0.82% of the total mass of ethanolic extract for chanterelle and ≈0.22% for hedgehog mushroom, respectively.
Chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions did not contain tocopherols, carotenoids and ergocalciferol and their mass was insignificant.
Carbohydrates content was ≈ 54% and ≈ 49 % of the total mass of ethanolic extract and the content of aminoacids was found as ≈ 4.5% and ≈ 4.7% for Cantharellus cibarius and Hydnum repandum accordingly.
Flavonoids, phenolic substances and hydroxycinnamic acids were not found in the fractions of ethanol extracts of both mushrooms.