bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Five-year Outcomes of Trabeculectomy Combined With Phacoemulsification Compared to Trabeculectomy Followed by Phacoemulsification: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Arimura Shogo , Iwasaki Kentaro , Orii Yusuke , Takamura Yoshihiro , Inatani Masaru 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: We aimed to compare the outcomes of trabeculectomy followed by phacoemulsification and trabeculectomy combined with phacoemulsification.Methods: A total of 141 patients with open-angle glaucoma who underwent trabeculectomy followed by (n = 48) or combined with (n = 93) phacoemulsification were included. We analyzed the data collected in “The Collaborative Bleb-Related Infection Incidence and Treatment Study” (CBIITS), which was a prospective cohort study conducted in 34 clinical centers including 1,249 eyes. The main outcome was the cumulative probabilities of success based on IOP within 5 years. Surgical failure was defined as performance of an additional glaucoma surgery or fulfilling one of the following criteria: preoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) >21 mmHg (A), IOP >18 mmHg (B), or IOP >15 mmHg (C). The secondary outcomes were the cumulative probabilities of success, but data on phacoemulsification during the 5-year follow-up were censored, the risk factors for surgical failure, and Δvisual acuity.Results: There was no significant difference in the cumulative probabilities of success of the main outcome. When data on phacoemulsification during the 5-year follow-up were censored, the probabilities of success in trabeculectomy followed by phacoemulsification were significantly higher for criteria A (p = 0.02), B (p < 0.01), and C (p < 0.01). Lower preoperative IOP, younger age, and trabeculectomy combined with phacoemulsification were associated with poorer outcome. Trabeculectomy followed by phacoemulsification had significantly worse Δ logMAR visual acuity at 6 and 12 months (p < 0.01).Conclusion: The cumulative probabilities of success after trabeculectomy combined with or followed by phacoemulsification remained unchanged. Combining phacoemulsification adversely affects the cumulative probabilities of success after trabeculectomy. Visual acuity improvements noted in the early postoperative period after combining phacoemulsification disappeared within 5 years.
Influence Of Fleming’s Vark Learning Styles On Student Radiographers’ Competency In Lumbar Spine Imaging
Authors: Sule Derick Seyram , Kyei Kofi Adesi , Abubakar Salim Abdul-Razak 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: The relationship between student learning styles and academic achievement has been investigated within different academic contexts. However, the relationship between learning styles and students' performance in the professional context of radiography hasn’t received the needed attention and is very much evident based on the absence of an established study approach that ensures achievement of clinical competences. A cross-sectional experimental study design was initially employed to determine students’ learning preferences. A multi-modal teaching approach of a clinical procedure (specifically lumbar spine imaging) was then taught to all the students by a qualified clinical tutor via their disclosed learning preferences. Finally, the students were examined clinically by a clinical supervisor who was blinded to the learning preferences of these students and the results were analyzed to conclude on the best approach to learning the clinical practice.Results: Among the respondents, 58.1% preferred the multimodal (dual, trimodal and quadrimodal) learning styles while 41.9% preferred one dominant learning style: Kinesthetic (K), Read and Write (R), Auditory (A) and Visual (V). The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) revealed no significant difference between different learning styles and student performance in clinical practice. Thus, there was no significant correlation between the clinical competencies of the different learning style groupings. Conclusion: The study provided evidence that multimodal learners had more flexible learning approaches than those with single preferences, thus informing radiography educators on the importance of using varied and flexible pedagogy for effective integration of theory and practice.
Sulfhydryl groups as potential biomarkers of water pollution
Authors: Romdhani Chourouk , Alhalili Zahrah , Elarbaoui Soumaya , Smiri Moez 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Thiols represent a source of environmental pollution especially wastewater. The present work aims to evaluate the degradation of sulfur in two biological treatment plants in Tunisia: conventional plant of Rades Malienne, and vertical and horizontal flow from the Grombalia plant. We analyzed (1) wastewater properties, (2) the hydrosulfur (thiol) group, (3) membrane processes ultrafiltration technique and (4) characterization of the quality of wastewater from different plants. We used ultrafiltration membrane assisted ZnO and TiO2 NPs application on real effluents from different biological treatment plants. STEP1 is found to be more loaded with sulphur. Application of AC-ZnO membrane gives 99.07% and 99.55% of sulfur removal from wastewater of STEP1 and STEP3. STEP3 is 50 times less charged on sulfur than STEP1. We suggested that when the sulphur content is high, this leads to an increase in mineral elements. This could be explained by the interactions between thiols and the major elements that cause mineral pollution.
Comparison between the Gravitational Redshift in the Kerr and Schwarzschild Fields
Authors: McGruder Charles 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The Schwarzschild and Kerr metrics are solutions of Einstein field equations of general relativity representing the gravitational fields of a non-rotating spherical mass and a rotating black hole respectively. Unlike the Kerr field, the gravitational redshift in the Schwarzschild field is well known. We employ the concept of stationary clocks to derive the gravitational redshift in the Kerr field demonstrating that frame dragging plays no role. We then calculate the Kerr gravitational redshift for the earth, sun, white dwarfs and neutron stars and compare them with the Schwarzschild gravitational redshift, showing that the gravitational redshift on earth and from the sun does not differ from the Schwarzschild gravitational redshift. For extreme cases of rapidly rotating white dwarfs and neutron stars there is a significant difference between the two gravitational redshifts. Unlike the Schwarzschild gravitational redshift, the Kerr gravitational redshift has to date not been put on a firm observational basis. We point out that the gravitational redshift in the Kerr field possess a latitude dependency, which cannot be confirmed through solar or terrestrial observations, but can be on rapidly rotating white dwarfs and neutron stars
Photovoltaic Partner Selection for High-efficiency Photovoltaic-electrolytic Water Splitting Systems: Brief Review and Perspective
Authors: PHAM DUY PHONG , Lee Sunhwa , Yi Junsin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Photovoltaic-electrolysis water splitting (PV-EWS) is the most promising approach for high solar-to-hydrogen (STH) efficiency. The present PV-EWS systems achieve the highest STH performance by using a III−V triple-junction configuration, which, however, involves a complex and expensive manufacture process. Therefore, in this work, we demonstrate a III−V double junction device that can be used as an alternative to the III−V triple-junction device for high STH conversion efficiency of the PV-EWS systems. We estimate the STH performance via coupling world-recorded multi-junction photovoltaic (PV) and our experimented cell configurations with an EWS system. The results show that the III−V double junction, owing to the good trade-off between the efficiency loss and compensation, exhibits a higher STH efficiency than the III−V triple-junction. Furthermore, strategies for improving the efficiency of the III−V double junction device for low-cost PV-EWS system are discussed.
An Approach to Incorporate Rhizosphere Priming Effect into Soil Organic Matter Models
Authors: Chertov Oleg , Kuzyakov Yakov , Priputina Irina , Frolov Pavel , Shanin Vladimir , Bykhovets Sergey , Grabarnik Pavel 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose. This study is aimed to develop a model of priming effect (accelerated mineralisation of soil organic matter (SOM)) induced by root exudate input into nitrogen (N) limited rhizosphere soil as a typical case for most terrestrial ecosystems. This ecologically important process in the functioning of the “plant-soil” system was parameterized for temperate and boreal forests.Methods. A model of priming effect has been developed based on the concept of N mining to making up for the N scarcity in exudates by accelerating SOM mineralisation. Lacking N for microbial growth is mined from the SOM mineralisation considering C:N ratio of soil. The model has a built-in food web module, which calculates soil fauna feeding on microorganisms, the release of by-products of faunal metabolism and mineral N used for root uptake.Results. The model verification demonstrated the similar order of the priming effect as in the published experiments. Testing at the pedon level revealed a high sensitivity of the model to N content in root exudates. Testing of the model at the ecosystem level revealed that CO2 emission from the priming can reach 25–30% of CO2 emission from the whole Ah horizon of forest soil. The same intensities were simulated for the fauna-derived N released within the rhizosphere.Conclusion. The new model reflects important ecological consequences of the main target function of priming effects within the “plant – soil – microorganisms – fauna” system – the microbial acceleration of C and N cycling in the rhizosphere and detritusphere to mobilise mineral N for plants.
Levels of Trace Elements and Rare Earth Elements in Honey From Jordan
Authors: Tahboub Yahya R , Al-Ghzawi Abd Al-Majeed A. , Al-Zayadneh Shaker S , AlGhotani Mohammad S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Honey is a common sweetener in the Jordanian diet with annual consumption of about one thousand tons, two-third of them are imported. It is believed that the elemental profile of honey is an indicator of safety and origin. In the literature, there is a lack of studies concerning levels of trace elements in honey in Jordan. A total 49 elements including 18 rare earth elements (REEs) were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in mono-floral, and multi-floral imported honey samples, and multi-floral local samples. Regarding mono-floral samples, Black forest samples has the highest total metal content, while Acasia has the lowest total metal content. Local multi-floral honey has the largest Sr, and total REEs levels, while it has the lowest Mn levels. Very low levels of toxic elements were found in all samples, indicating the safety of honey in Jordan for human consumption. Results of this study showed that advanced statistical models are required to discriminate between multi-floral imported and local honey.
Low Complexity Sparse Beamspace DOA Estimation Via Single Measurement Vectors for Uniform Circular Array
Authors: Zhao Di , Tan Weijie , Deng Zhongliang , Li Gang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we present a low complexity beamspace direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation method for uniform circular array (UCA), which is based on the single measurement vectors (SMVs) via vectorization of sparse covariance matrix. In the proposed method, we rstly transform the signal model of UCA to that of virtual uniform linear array (ULA) in beamspace domain using the beamspace transformation (BT). Subsequently, by applying the vectorization operator on the virtual ULA-like array signal model, a new dimension-reduction array signal model consists of SMVs based on Khatri-Rao (KR) product is derived. And then, the DOA estimation is converted to the convex optimization problem. Finally, simulations are carried out to verify the eectiveness of the proposed method, the results show that without knowledge of the signal number, the proposed method not only has higher DOA resolution than subspace-based methods in low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), but also has much lower computational complexity comparing other sparse-like DOA estimation methods.
Key informants’ perspectives on childhood obesity in Vietnam: A qualitative study
Authors: Nguyen Tuyen , Trat Tiffany , Tieu Ngoc Thanh , Vu Linda , Sokal-Gutierrez Karen 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Vietnam’s postwar globalization, economic development, and urbanization have contributed to a nutrition transition from traditional diets to highly-processed diets, and increased prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity. There is a need to understand the attitudes and behaviors driving this epidemic. Methods: This qualitative study focused on the perspectives and practices of Vietnamese parents, schoolteachers and doctors. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a convenience sample of twelve regarding the historical, social, and cultural influences contributing to childhood overweight and obesity. Audio-recorded interviews were translated and transcribed, then analyzed using modified ground theory to identify themes and representative quotes. Results: Five themes were identified: 1) Change in diet between generations, 2) Preference for rounder children, 3) Unhealthy feeding practices, 4) Reduced physical activity, and 5) Increasing awareness of childhood obesity. A conceptual map detailed the shift from wartime to postwar economic environment and psycho-social context for raising children to be large, safe and academically-successful. Conclusion: We found globalization, urbanization and economic development—in the context of historical, social and cultural attitudes—may contribute to increasing child obesity in Vietnam. Reduction through public health and educational institutions should involve policies and programs for healthy eating and exercise, tailored to address parental figures’ concerns.
A scoring system combining clinical, radiological, and histopathological examinations for differential diagnosis between lipoma and atypical lipomatous tumor/well-differentiated liposarcoma
Authors: Asano Yohei , Miwa Shinji , Yamamoto Norio , Hayashi Katsuhiro , Takeuchi Akihiko , Igarashi Kentaro , Yonezawa Hirotaka , Araki Yoshihiro , Morinaga Sei , Nojima Takayuki , Ikeda Hiroko , Tsuchiya Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Preoperative differential diagnosis between atypical lipomatous tumor (ALT)/well-differentiated liposarcoma (WDLS) and lipoma is important to determine the appropriate resection margin. However, since their radiological and histopathological findings are similar, it may be difficult to make a differential diagnosis. In this study, we evaluated the diagnostic accuracies of clinical, radiological, and histopathological examinations for diagnosing ALT/WDLS and developed a new combined scoring system.Methods: Eighty-nine ALT/WDLS and 56 lipomas were included and their clinical characteristics, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, histological findings by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining were investigated, and compared between ALT/WDLS and lipoma. Then, univariate analyses and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed for the findings, and a combined scoring system consisted of predictive factors of ALT/WDLS was developed. Results: The univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that tumor location (lower extremity), deep site, and size (>11cm), thick septa (>2mm), enhancement of septa or nodular lesions on MRI, and lipoblasts in HE staining were significantly different for the diagnosis of ALT/WDLS. Based on the six predictive factors, we developed a combined scoring system (total 0–16 points, the cutoff was 9 points). The mean score of ALT/WDLS was significantly higher than lipoma (11.9 vs. 5.6, p<0.0001). The area under the curve was 0.945, and sensitivity was 87.6% and specificity was 91.1% by the receiver operating characteristics curve.Conclusions: We developed a new combined scoring system based on comprehensive examinations that excluded examination which requires special equipment and reagents such as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and this can be used in many medical institutions. The diagnostic accuracy of ALT/WDLS was high and it may be useful for preoperative diagnosis and surgical plan.
Uptake of Cervical Cancer Screening and the Associated Factors Among Women Living With HIV in Northern Tanzania
Authors: Mrema Dorah , Ngocho James , Shirima Beatus T. , Fande Device , Shehoza Rahma , Alloyce Julius Pius , Shayo Benjamin C. , Philemon Rune , Sunguya Bruno F. , Balandya Emmanuel , Mshana Stephen E , Lyamuya Eligius , Bartlett John , Mmbaga Blandina 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: HIV infection is a common risk for developing cervical cancer (CC). Routine screening for CC among women living with Human Immune Deficiency Virus (WLHIV) is recommended for early detection and control of pre-malignancies. Evidence on CC uptake and its associated factors is scanty among WLHIV in Tanzania similar to other sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries. This study therefore aimed to assess the uptake of CC screening and its associated factors among WLHIV in Tanzania. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between June and September 2020 among WLHIV attending Care and Treatment Center (CTC) at the Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center (KCMC). Data was collected through face to face interview using a pre-tested standardized questionnaire interviewed in Swahili. Analyses were conducted using descriptive statistics to establish the CC uptake and using regression analyses to characterize the CC screening uptake and factors associated with the CC uptake through SPSS version 23 software. Associations with P<0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 341 WLHIV with mean age 45.6 years (SD 10.8) were recruited for interview. Of them, 184 (54%) WLHIV reported ever being screened for cervical cancer. After adjusting for confounders, knowledge of the screening methods was one of the factors associated with uptake of CC screening [AOR=15.61, (95% CI: 7.93-30.72), p<0.0001]. Other factors included living with HIV for at least 10 years since diagnosis [AOR=2.83; (95% CI: 1.11-7.26), P=0.030]; having knowledge of CC [AOR= 1.75, (95% CI: 1.02-3.01), p=0.041]; and having knowledge of the signs or symptoms of CC [AOR=1.95, (95% CI: 1.17-3.27), p=0.011]. Conclusion: More than four in ten WLHIV attending CTC at KCMC have never been screened for cervical cancer. Knowledge of the available screening methods, the disease condition, and duration since fist HIV diagnosis were associated with CC uptake of the screening. Addressing low CC screening uptake in Tanzania call strengthening WLHIV’s knowledge on cervical cancer screening methods, its signs, symptoms and their risk profiles. Moreover, strengthening CC screening capacity through integrated care and strengthening health providers’ capacity for counseling and screening will lead into a sustainable and effective care.
Correlation of Systolic Blood Pressure With the Improvement of Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients Admitted in the Emergency Department: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Ke Jun , Chen Yiwei , Wang Xiaoping , Wu Zhiyong , Zhang Qiongyao , Lian Yangpeng , Chen Feng 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background:

Blood pressure affects the clinical outcome of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients. However, it is not clear what level of blood pressure is beneficial to the improvement of ACS patients in emergency department. The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of systolic blood pressure (SBP) on ACS patient’ improvement and transfer of patient from emergency department
Methods:

A total of 2667 patients who were admitted to the Emergency Department of Chest Pain Center, Fujian Provincial Hospital due to chest pain from January 1, 2017 to March 31, 2020 were included in the study. Logistic regression was used to analyze the correlation between SBP and ACS patients’ improvement in the emergency department, and the predictive effect on the disease improvement was evaluated. The study also analyzed the impact of SBP on the improvement of different subgroups of patients in the emergency department.
Results:

In total, 592 (22.20%) out of 2667 patients were improved and transferred to the general ward. Multivariate logistic regression analysis found that SBP = 120–140 mmHg (OR = 0.700; 95% CI: 0.510–0.961; P = 0.027) was an independent predictor for the decreased likelihood of improvement of ACS patients from the emergency department; SBP > 140 mmHg (OR = 1.348; 95% CI: 1.000-1.817; P = 0.049), use of clopidogrel (OR = 1.924; 95% CI: 1.247–2.971; P = 0.003), non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) (OR = 2.683; 95% CI: 1.645–4.375; P < 0.001) and unstable angina (OR = 23.654; 95% CI: 15.415–36.297; P < 0.001) were all independent predictors for the increased likelihood of improvement of ACS patients in the emergency department. The area under curve (AUC) of the predictive efficacy of SBP, combined with ticagrelor, NSTEMI and unstable angina (UA) was 0.814 (95% CI: 0.795–0.833, P < 0.001).
Conclusion:

The study found that SBP = 120–140 mmHg was an independent predictor for the decreased likelihood of improvement of ACS patients from the emergency department, but SBP > 140 mmHg was an independent predictor for the increased likelihood of improvement of ACS patients. This correlation may be useful for doctors to make clinical decisions for ACS patients.
A New CAM6+DART Reanalysis with Surface Forcing from CAM6 to Other CESM Models
Authors: Raeder Kevin , Hoar Timothy J. , Gharamti Mohamad El , Johnson Benjamin K. , Collins Nancy , Anderson Jeffrey L. , Steward Jeff , Coady Mick 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
An ensemble Kalman filter reanalysis has been archived in the Research Data Archive at the National Center for Atmospheric Research. It used a CAM6 configuration of the Community Earth System Model (CESM), several million observations per day, and the Data Assimilation Research Testbed (DART). The data saved from this global, ∼ 1◦ resolution, 80 member ensemble span 2011-2019. They include ensembles of: sub-daily, real world, atmospheric forcing for use by all of the nonatmospheric models of CESM; weekly, CAM6, restart file sets; 6 hourly, prior hindcast estimates of the assimilated observations; 6 hourly, land model, plant growth variables, and 6 hourly, ensemble mean, gridded, atmospheric analyses. This data can be used for hindcast studies and data assimilation using component models of CESM; CAM6, CLM5, CICE5, POP2. MOM6, MOSART, and CISM; and non-CESM Earth system models. This large dataset (∼120 Tb) has a unique combination of a large ensemble, high frequency, and multiyear time span, which provides opportunities for robust statistical analysis and use as a machine learning training dataset.