bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
cGAS-STING Signaling Pathway Mediates Brain Trauma-Induced Type I Interferon Response
Authors: Fritsch Lauren , Ju Jing , Basso Erwin Kristobal Gudenschwager , Soliman Eman , Paul Swagatika , Chen Jiang , Kowalski Elizabeth , Tuhy Taylor C , Somaiya Rachana D , Wang Xia , Allen Irving C , Theus Michelle H , Pickrell Alicia M 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background Inflammation is a key contributor of neuronal death and dysfunction following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Recent evidence suggests that interferons may be a key regulator of this response. Our studies evaluated the role of the Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase-Stimulator of Interferon Genes (cGAS-STING) signaling pathway a murine model of TBI. Methods Male, eight-week old wildtype, STING knockout ( -/- ), cGAS -/- , and NLRX1 -/- mice were subjected to controlled cortical impact (CCI) or sham injury. Histopathological evaluation of tissue damage was assessed using non-biased stereology, which was complemented by analysis at the mRNA and protein level using qPCR and western blot analysis, respectively. Results We found that STING and Type I interferon-stimulated genes were upregulated after CCI injury in a bi-phasic manner and that loss of cGAS or STING conferred neuroprotection concomitant with a blunted inflammatory response at 24 hours post-injury. cGAS -/- animals showed reduced motor deficit 4 days after injury (dpi), and amelioration of tissue damage was seen in both groups of mice up to 14 dpi. Given that cGAS requires a cytosolic damage- or pathogen- associated molecular pattern (DAMP/PAMP) to prompt downstream STING signaling, we further show that mitochondrial DNA is present in the cytosol after TBI. Finally, our findings demonstrate that NLRX1 may be an additional regulator that functions upstream to regulate cGASSTING pathway. Conclusions These findings suggest that the canonical cGAS-STING-mediated Type I interferon signaling axis is a critical component of neural tissue damage following TBI and that mtDNA may be a possible trigger in this response.
Malignant Migrating Partial Seizures of Infancy (MMPSI): Expansion of Clinical Phenotypic and Genotypic Spectra
Authors: wu liwen , Cai Fang , Gan Siyi , Yang Sai , Yang Xiaofan , Yang haiyan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BackgroundMMPSI is a rare early infantile epileptic encephalopathy with unknown etiology and poor prognosis. With the development of genetic techniques, an increasing number of novel pathogenic genes have been shown to be related to MMSPI. This study included 36 patients who were diagnosed with MMPSI; the clinical features, etiology, treatment strategies and outcomes of these patients were determined to explore new genetic etiology and new precision medicine treatment strategies.Results36 patients were enrolled. The main seizure types were focal, tonic and spasms. The main EEG findings were seizure migration and hypsarrhythmia. 17/36 cases had causative variants across 11 genes, including 6 novel MMPSI genes: PCDH19, ALDH7A1, DOCK6, PRRT2, ALG1 and ATP7A. 13/36 patients had ineffective seizure control, 14/36 patients had severe retardation and 6/36 patients died. Of them, the genes for ineffective seizure control, severe retardation or death include KCNT1, SCN2A, SCN1A, ALG1, ATP7A and WWOX. Genes associated with seizure-free, mild-moderate retardation or normal development included PRRT2, SCN2A, ALDH7A1 and PNPO. Vitamin B6 allowed patients with ALDH7A1 and PNPO mutations to achieve seizure-free status, oxcarbazepine was effective for patients with SCN2A, ATP7A, WWOX, and PRRT2 mutations, and ACTH was partly effective for DOCK6 mutation patients with spasms and hypsarrhythmia. 17 patients had abnormal MRI, of which 8 had ineffective seizure control, 7 had severe retardation and 4 (4/17, 23.5%) died. 13 patients had hypsarrhythmia, of which 6 had ineffective seizure control, 6 had severe retardation and 2 died. Also, 7 patients had burst suppression, of which 1 had ineffective seizure control, 3 had severe retardation and 3 died.ConclusionThis study is the first to report that ALDH7A1, ATP7A, DOCK6, PRRT2, ALG1, and PCDH19 mutations cause the phenotypic spectrum of MMPSI to expand the genotypic spectrum. The genes KCNT1, SCN2A, SCN1A, ALG1, ATP7A and WWOX may be associated with poor prognosis. The patients presenting with MRI abnormalities, hypsarrhythmia and burst suppression in EEG may be associated with poor prognosis. Through early diagnosis with genetic tests and the administration of the corresponding precise treatment, the outcomes of MMPSI can be notably improved.
Acid Base and Blood Gas Analysis in Term Neonates Immediately After Birth with Uncomplicated Neonatal Transition
Authors: Baik-Schneditz Nariae , Schwaberger Bernhard , Urlesberger Berndt , Wolfsberger Christina Helene , Bruckner Marlies , Pichler Gerhard 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Acid base and blood gas measurements provide essential information, especially in critically ill neonates. After birth, rapidly changing physiology and difficulty to obtain blood samples represent unique challenges.Objectives: The aim of the present study was to establish normal values of capillary acid base and blood gas analysis immediately after birth in term neonates after uncomplicated neonatal transition.Method: This is a post-hoc- analysis of ancillary outcome parameter of a prospective observational study in term neonates immediately after caesarean section. Neonates were included after immediate neonatal transition without need of medical support and a capillary blood sample was taken by a heel-stick within 15-20 minutes after birth.Result: 132 term neonates were included with mean (SD) gestational age of 38.7±0.7 weeks. The blood was drawn mean (SD) 16±1.7 minutes after birth. The mean (SD) values of the analyses were: pH 7.30±0.04, pCO2 52.6±6.4, base excess -0.9±1.7 and bicarbonate 24.8±1.6.Conclusion: This is the first study describing acid base and blood gas analyses in term neonates immediately after birth with uncomplicated neonatal transition.
Accuracy and Safety of In-House Surgeon-Designed Three-Dimensional Printed Patient Specific Implants for Wafer-Less Le Fort I Osteotomy
Authors: LEUNG Yiu Yan , LEUNG Jasper Ka Chai , LI Alvin Tsz Choi , TEO Nathan En Zuo , LEUNG Karen Pui Yan , AU Shun Wai , LI Dion Tik Shun , SU Yu-Xiong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The design and fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) -printed patient-specific implants (PSIs) for orthognathic surgery are customarily outsourced to commercial companies. We propose a protocol of designing PSIs and surgical guides by orthognathic surgeons-in-charge instead for wafer-less Le Fort I osteotomy. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the accuracy and post-operative complications of PSIs that are designed in-house for Le Fort I osteotomy. The post-operative cone beam computer tomography (CBCT) model of the maxilla was superimposed to the virtual surgical planning to compare the discrepancies of pre-determined landmarks, lines and principal axes between the two models. Twenty-five patients (12 males, 13 females) were included. The median linear deviations of the post-operative maxilla of the x, y and z axes were 0.74 mm, 0.75 mm and 0.72 mm, respectively. The deviations in the principal axes for pitch, yaw and roll were 1.40°, 0.90° and 0.60°, respectively. There were no post-operative complications related to the PSIs in the follow-up period. The 3D-printed PSIs designed in-house for wafer-less Le Fort I osteotomy are accurate and safe. Its clinical outcomes and accuracy are comparable to commercial PSIs for orthognathic surgery.
Integrative Analysis of DNA Methylation and Gene Expression in Skin Cutaneous Melanoma by Bioinformatic Approaches
Authors: Sun Yan , Wu Zhilin , Chen Rui , Wu Yan , Lin Yun 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Skin cutaneous melanoma is the most life-threatening skin cancer. Finding key methylation genes of prognostic value is an under-explored but intriguing field in the research of skin cutaneous melanoma. This work is aimed to identify survival related methylated genes and their specific methylation sites in skin cutaneous melanoma via an integrative analysis with bioinformatic approaches. The original data, including gene methylation and expression files, were downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas database. Statistical analysis revealed that skin cutaneous melanoma patients with highly expressed and hypomethylated HHEX had a better outcome than patients with lowly-expressed and hypermethylated HHEX. In addition, fifteen methylation sites of HHEX were identified to be significantly correlated with HHEX expression changes. In various pathological stages, the expression levels of HHEX were different, and exhibited a downward trend from stage Ⅰ to stage Ⅳ. Therefore, we speculate that the driven gene HHEX may play an important role in the survival of skin cutaneous melanoma. This finding provides novel epigenetic molecular clues and potential detection targets for early prediction of the prognosis of skin cutaneous melanoma.
Melatonin-induced cold and drought tolerance requires brassinosteroids and hydrogen peroxide signaling in perennial ryegrass
Authors: Fu Juanjuan , Zhang Shentong , Jiang Huina , Zhang Xinfei , Gao Hao , Yang Peizhi , Hu Tianming 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Aims The interplay between melatonin and brassinosteroids in enhancing tolerance to cold and drought and the underlying molecular mechanisms of this relationship still remain unknown. Methods Combined physiological and transcriptomic analyses were used to clarify the crosstalk of melatonin and brassinosteroids in perennial ryegrass. Brassinosteroids biosynthesis inhibitor propiconazole, Arabidopsis brassinosteroids-receptor mutant bri1-9, bak1, and H2O2 deficient rbohC and rbohF mutants were used to analyzed the role of H2O2 in melatonin and brassinosteroids-mediated tolerance to the stress. Results Melatonin-enhanced cold and drought tolerance of perennial ryegrass depends on the duration of dose and stress that were applied. Melatonin activates the expression of NADPH oxidase-related genes to promote H2O2 production when exposed to short-term cold/drought stresses but reduced accumulation of H2O2 under long-term stress. This was associated with an increase in enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activities by regulation of their gene expression and modulation of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle. Moreover, exogenous melatonin increased the biosynthesis of melatonin and brassinosteroids or the expression of signaling-related genes. However, the effects of melatonin on the expression of BR biosynthesis and signaling-related genes were inhibited in the rbohC and rbohF mutants. Chemical scavenging of H2O2 attenuated melatonin-mediated growth in the Arabidopsis wild-type, but the bak1 and bri1.9 mutants were relatively insensitive. Consistently, Inhibition of H2O2 production impaired the effect of melatonin and brassinosteroids on seed germination and the root growth of perennial ryegrass. Conclusions This research reveals a novel regulatory mechanism of the crosstalk of H2O2 and brassinosteroid signaling in melatonin-induced cold/drought tolerance in perennial ryegrass.
Modeling the electron orbital in transition subatomic structure
Authors: Ivantsov M. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
As part of the well-known task about a motion of charged particle in central forces field, a certain parallelism for electronic distribution between the atomic and subatomic ''orbits'' can be established.In this conjuncture the ground state of muonium atom as in transition electron-nuclear structure is highlighted. Moreover, there is specifically nuclear solution of fine-structure constant which with a hyper-fine structure, like of the Lamb shift of hydrogen atom, is unambiguously associated.Such a special approach, in the terms of electric interaction, may serve as an extension to the existing meson-boson classification.In particular, some idea about a versatility of the Higgs mechanism in nuclear reactions put forward for consideration here.But it would be just spatial abstraction, where subatomic matter expands as into infinity. And what would be beyond the edge of the universe?
‚Eine Halle für alle – den Lernort Sporthalle barrierefrei gestalten‘ – Ein Seminarangebot der inklusionsorientierten Sportlehrer*innenausbildung aus Studierendensicht
Authors: Bükers Frederik , Wibowo Jonas , Schütt Marie-Luise 
Published: September 2021

Teilhabemöglichkeiten können durch mangelnde Barrierefreiheit eingeschränkt sein, dies gilt im Kontext des Sportunterrichts auch für den Lernort Sporthalle. Mit dem Hochschulseminar ‚Eine Halle für alle – den Lernort Sporthalle barrierefrei gestalten‘ wird das Ziel verfolgt, angehende Sportlehrer*innen in die Lage zu versetzen, materiell-räumliche Barrierepotenziale am Lernort Sporthalle zu identifizieren und sie im Umgang mit diesen zu stärken. Das Seminarkonzept strebt eine Theorie-Praxis-Verknüpfung an und orientiert sich hierfür an Merkmalen des situierten Lernens. Eine qualitative Interviewstudie zum Seminarkonzept dient der formativen Evaluation, setzt an der Perspektive der Studierenden an und legt den Schwerpunkt zum einen auf die Umsetzung der Merkmale des situierten Lernens und zum anderen auf den Lerngegenstand ‚Der Lernort Sporthalle unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Barrierefreiheit‘. In diesem Beitrag werden das Seminarkonzept und die Evaluationsergebnisse dargestellt.

Abstract
Lack of accessibility can limit participation. In the context of physical education (PE), this also applies to the sports hall as a part of the learning environment. The higher education seminar ‚Eine Halle für alle – den Lernort Sporthalle barrierefrei gestalten‘ aims to enable pre-service PE teachers to identify potential barriers in the sports hall and to strengthen them in dealing with them. The seminar concept aims to bridge theory and practice and is based on the characteristics of situated learning. It was evaluated through a qualitative interview study. The evaluation was based on the perspective of the students and focuses on the one hand on the implementation of the characteristics of situated learning and on the other hand on the learning object 'The barrier-free sports hall'. In this article, the seminar concept and evaluation results are presented.
Shifting the operating frequency of the piezoceramic electroacoustic transducer langevin type using passive cooling methods
Authors: Perchevska Liudmyla , Drozdenko Oleksandr , Drozdenko Kateryna 
Published: September 2021

The object of research: the shift of resonant frequency of the piezoceramic electroacoustic transducer Langevin type depending on the shape of the back plate.
Investigated problem: the relationship between changes in shape of back plate of the Langevin type transducer with the resonant frequency of the oscillating system. Search quantitative contribution to shift the resonant frequency of each of the modifications: shape, diameter, thickness, weight of back plate.
The main scientific results: vibration modes of a transducer with a back plate with horizontal and vertical radiator ribs were obtained. The graphs of the shift resonant frequency depending on the change in the diameter and thickness of the back tail with vertical radiator ribs are presented. It is established, that the change in the thickness and diameter of the back plate of the transducer effects on resonance frequency much less than the change in mass.
The area of practical use of the research results: designing piezoceramic electroacoustic transducer with passive cooling method.
Innovative technological product: guidelines for choosing the shape changes back plates of the Langevin type transducer for decreasing heating temperature, with keeping resonant frequency.
Scope of the innovative technological product: scope of application of the Langevin type transducer: underwater acoustics, ultrasonic technological equipment, ultrasonic engine, piezotransformer, medical equipment, rock drilling devices.
Cutting forces when grinding parts from martensite aging steels with highporous abrasive, borazon and diamond wheels
Authors: Lebedev Vladimir , Bespalova Alla , Chumachenko Tatiana , Omelchenko Yevhen , Nikolaieva Tatiana 
Published: September 2021

Object of research. The article investigates the cutting forces when grinding martensitic-aging steels with highly porous grinding wheels.
The problem to be solved is the regularities of the change in the magnitude of the cutting forces when grinding maraging steels with highly porous CBN wheels.
Main scientific results. The studies were performed on martensiticaging steel H8K18M14. As a result of the experiments, it was found that when grinding wheels made of materials such as electrocorundum, CBN (borazon) and diamond, a significant role is played by the values of the cutting force, which increase during processing.
During the experiment it was found out: the cutting forces Py and Pz in the width of the allowable modes, which are most often used in circular and flat grinding, can reach the following values: with the structure of the wheel 26 come to values from 2.714N to 30.721 and with the structure of the wheel 40 come to values from 2.49N to 28.185N.
Reducing the grain size of the wheel, let’s obtain the effect of increasing the energy costs of the grinding process, by increasing the magnitude of the cutting forces.
If to compare the cutting forces that occur when grinding different wheels, it is possible to note the following: in comparison with electrocorundum wheels when using wheels with KNB cutting forces are reduced by 20-25 %, and when grinding with diamond wheels, the effect of cutting forces is reduced by 25 - 30 %. When grinding with highly porous wheels, the cutting force is 15-20 % higher than when grinding with wheels of normal porosity.
The area of practical use of research results-grinding technology for maraging steels.
Innovative technological product – relationship between processing modes and the magnitude of cutting forces when grinding maraging steels.
Scope of application of an innovative technological product-mechanical engineering technology
A new reciprocal Rayleigh extension: properties, copulas, different methods of estimation and a modified right-censored test for validation
Authors: Yousof Haitham M. , Masoom Ali M. , Goual Hafida , Ibrahim Mohamed 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this article, a new reciprocal Rayleigh extension called the Xgamma reciprocal Rayleigh model is defined and studied. The relevant statistical properties are derived, and the useful results related to the convexity and concavity are addressed. We discussed the estimation of the parameters using different estimation methods such as the maximum likelihood estimation method, the ordinary least squares estimation method, the weighted least squares estimation method, the Cramer-Von-Mises estimation method, and the bootstrapping method. A simulation study was conducted to assess the performances of the proposed estimation methods are investigated through a simulation study. Many bivariate and multivariate type model have also been derived based on Farlie-Gumbel-Morgenstern copula, the Clayton copula, Renyi’s entropy copula and the Ali-Mikhail-Haq copula. A modified Nikulin-Rao-Robson test for right-censored validation is applied to a censored real data set.
Perception of the inhabitants of the department of Caldas, Colombia on the effects of climate change on water quality
Authors: Ríos Hernández Jenny Paola , Ocampo López Olga Lucía , González Pérez Paula Tatiana , Gaviria Ortiz Fabián Guillermo , Salazar Gil Victoria 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Climate change has direct effects on the availability and quality of water for human consumption. In order to propose actions aimed at reducing vulnerability caused by water shortages and risk management required due to extreme events, real knowledge of the communitỳs perception is vital. This study developed in the department of Caldas, in the Colombian Andean region, analysed the perception of the incidence of climate change particularly related to water resources. To achieve this, a survey was used with various actors based on the first National Survey of Public Perception of Climate Change. The results show that the respondents perceive that the availability and quality of water are indeed highly threatened by climate change. As actions for adaptation, they suggested the promotion of the protection of hydrographic basins and a greater control of dumping liquids into surface water sources. Finally, they requested increased opportunities to improve water governance and participation in decision-making bodies regarding climate change, which they see as a fundamental aspect to achieve a real climate empowerment that can lead to action and adaptation in the territories in emerging countries.
Electro-oxidation of fish meal industry wastewater in a stirred batch reactor using a Ti/RuO2 anode
Authors: Meganathan Raju , Varadarajan Rajagopalan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Fish meal is used as feed for fish, dogs and cats, and in the pharmaceutical industry. Direct electro-oxidation has been used to treat fish meal industry effluent and organic pollutant removal, and was studied in this project. The anode used was titanium coated with ruthenium oxide and the cathode was stainless steel. In addition to organic pollutants, color removal was also studied. The varying parameter was current density, and those used were 10, 20, 27, and 34 mA/cm2. The effects of mechanical agitation and the inter-electrode distance on pollutant removal were also studied. The highest TOC and color removal (both 82%) were achieved at 34 mA/cm2, using mechanical agitation with 1.5 cm electrode spacing. Without agitation, TOC removal efficiency was 72%. The results show that electro-oxidation can be an effective secondary treatment for fish meal industry effluent.
The Impact of Vaccination Worldwide on SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A
Review on Vaccine Mechanisms, Results of Clinical Trials, Vaccinal
Coverage and Interactions with Novel Variants
Authors: Damasceno Douglas Henrique Pereira , Amaral Arthur Aguiar , Silva Cecília Andrade , Simões e Silva Ana Cristina 
Published: September 2021

Background:
The COVID-19 pandemic demanded a global effort towards
quickly developing safe and effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2.

Objective:
This review aimed to discuss the main vaccines available, their mechanisms of
action, results of clinical trials, and epidemiological behavior. The implications of viral
variants were also debated.

Methods:
A non-systematic literature review was performed between February and
March 2021 by searching the Pubmed, Scopus, and SciELO databases, using different
combinations of the following terms: "vaccines", "clinical trials" , "SARS-CoV-2",
"Coronavirus", "COVID-19", "mechanisms of action". Data regarding clinical trials of
SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and epidemiological information were also searched.

Results:
The mechanisms of action included vector-virus, mRNA and inactivated virus
vaccines. The vaccines showed positive results in phases 2/3 clinical trials. The efficacy
of the mRNA 1273 and of mRNA BNT 162b2 vaccines were 94.1% and 95%, respectively.
The effectiveness of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine varied according to the scheme,
with an overall value of 70.4%. The Gam-COVID-Vac vaccine had an efficacy of 91.6%.
Regarding the Ad26.COV2.S vaccine, 99% or more of seroconversion was observed in all
subgroups 29 days after vaccination. The CoronaVac vaccine induced an immune response
in 92% of the volunteers receiving 3ug and in 98% with 6ug, in comparison to 3%
in the placebo group.

Conclusion:
Global efforts have resulted in vaccines being available in record time, with
good safety and immunogenicity profile. However, only long-term studies can provide
more information on the duration of immunity and the need for additional doses.