bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Practical Synthesis of Halogenated N‐Heterocycles via Electrochemical Anodic Oxidation of Unactivated Alkenes
Authors: He Yanyang , Qin Xiaowen , He Xinxu , Wu Xiao‐Feng , Yin Zhiping 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA general and efficient intramolecular halo‐amination of unactivated alkenes for the synthesis of various halogenated N‐heterocycles was developed via electrochemical anodic oxidation. This protocol proceeds in a simple undivided cell by employing LiI or LiBr as redox mediums and halogen sources. A wide range of halogenated N‐heterocycles, including three‐, five‐, and six‐membered N‐heterocycles were constructed in moderate to good yields at room temperature. Notably, this electrochemical oxidative transformation avoids the utilization of external oxidants and strong bases, therefore represents an environmentally benign approach.
Neural processes related to negative self‐concept in adult and adolescent anorexia nervosa
Authors: Mendoza Carlisdania J. , Palka Jayme M. , Pelfrey Sarah E. , Hunt Bethany J. , Krawczyk Daniel C. , McAdams Carrie J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveNegative self‐concept is characteristic of anorexia nervosa (AN), but the neural processes mediating this component of AN is unknown. These studies investigated how valence and social perspectives impact neural processing in both adults and adolescents with AN.MethodIn an fMRI task, participants evaluated positive and negative adjectives from three social perspectives. Two studies were completed, one in 59 women (healthy, with AN, recovered from AN) and one in 42 adolescents (healthy, with AN). Neural regions of interest (ROIs) related to valence were identified and activations compared across groups and social perspectives.ResultsBehaviourally, both adult and adolescent cohorts with AN were less positive during self‐evaluations. In the adult study, neural differences related to clinical group and condition were observed in ROIs more responsive to positive social stimuli (medial prefrontal cortex, precuneus, left temporoparietal junction) but not in ROIs more responsive to negative social stimuli. No neural differences in relation to clinical group were observed in the adolescents.ConclusionsBehavioural differences related to negative self‐concept are present in both adolescents and adults with AN, and neural differences, selective for positive social stimuli, were also observed in adults. AN may interfere with neurodevelopmental processes involved in positive self‐concept.
An inverted L‐strip loaded ground with hollow semi‐hexagonal four‐element polarization diversity UWB‐MIMO antenna
Authors: Balaji V. R. , Addepalli Tathababu , Desai Arpan , Nella Anveshkumar , Nguyen Truong Khang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA four‐element multiple‐input‐multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna with modified substrate geometry is proposed. The antenna comprises a hollow semi‐hexagonal‐shaped conductive element on the top with the modified ground plane geometry. Polarization diversity and isolation are achieved by replicating the elements orthogonally. The L‐shaped part is removed from all the sides of the substrate in the proposed four‐element antenna structure. This makes the structure compact and helps in accommodating the antenna within compact electronic gadgets. Modified ground plane consisting of partial ground, semi ellipse slot, and inverted L strip helps the antenna in achieving wide bandwidth spanning from (139.31%) 2.84 to 15.88 GHz covering UWB (3‐10 GHz), X (8‐12 GHz), and Ku band (12‐15.88 GHz) applications. The antenna achieves a size of 0.55λ × 0.55λ mm2 (lowest frequency) which is printed on FR4 substrate. The antenna attains wide impedance bandwidth, Omni‐directional pattern, isolation >16 dB, ECC < 0.07, average gain >4 dBi, and radiation efficiency in the range of 78% to 89% making the MIMO antenna suitable for portable applications.
Reaching the women with the greatest needs: Two models for initiation and scale‐up of gynecologic oncology fellowship trainings in low‐resource settings
Authors: Randall Thomas C. , Somashekhar S. P. , Chuang Linus , Ng Joseph Soon‐Yau , Schmeler Kathleen M. , Quinn Michael 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWomen in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) are significantly more likely to develop and die from invasive cervical cancer, while rates of other gynecologic malignancies are comparable to those faced by women in high‐income countries. Despite this increased need, there are few specialist physicians in LMICs available to treat women with gynecologic cancers. Training specialists in low‐resource settings faces multiple challenges, including ensuring protected time from other clinical demands, access to best practice guidelines, training that is tailored to the specific challenges faced in the trainee's environment, and isolation from other fully trained professionals and securing support services. In addition, training specialists from LMICs in high‐resource settings is costly and return of trainees to their own country is not guaranteed. Here we describe two approaches to gynecologic oncology training in LMICs. The International Gynecologic Cancer Society (IGCS) developed the Global Curriculum Mentorship and Training Program (Global Curriculum) to support gynecologic oncology fellowships in regions of the world that do not currently have formal training in gynecologic oncology. In India, on the other hand, leaders in world‐class gynecologic oncology centers must find a way to meet the training needs of a vast and disparate country.
Long Bone Fractures in Fibrous Dysplasia/McCune-Albright Syndrome: Prevalence, Natural History, and Risk Factors
Authors: Geels Raya E.S. , Meier Maartje E. , Saikali Amanda , Tsonaka Roula , Appelman-Dijkstra Natasha M. , Boyce Alison M. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
Fibrous dysplasia/McCune-Albright syndrome (FD/MAS) is a rare bone and endocrine disorder arising along a broad spectrum. Long-bone fractures are a common, painful, and potentially disabling complication. However, fracture prevalence and risk factors have not been well-established, making it difficult to predict which patients are at risk for a severe course. Clinical and imaging data were reviewed from two large, well-phenotyped cohorts (National Institutes of Health [NIH] in the United States and the Leiden University Medical Center [LUMC] in the Netherlands) to identify long-bone fractures at FD sites. Skeletal burden score was quantified using bone scintigraphy. Multiple linear regressions were performed to identify clinical associations with fractures. A total of 419 patients were included (186 NIH, 233 LUMC); 194 (46%) had MAS endocrinopathies. Median age at last follow-up was 30.2 years (range 3.2–84.6, interquartile range [IQR] 25.5), and median skeletal burden score was 16.6 (range 0–75, IQR 33). A total of 48 (59%) patients suffered one or more lifetime fracture (median 1, range 0–70, IQR 4). Median age at first fracture was 8 years (range 1–76, IQR 10). Fracture rates peaked between 6 and 10 years of age and decreased thereafter. Lifetime fracture rate was associated with skeletal burden score (β = 0.40, p &lt; 0.01) and MAS hyperthyroidism (β = 0.22, p = 0.01). Younger age at first fracture was associated with skeletal burden score (β = −0.26, p = 0.01) and male sex (β = −0.23, p = 0.01). Both skeletal burden score &gt;25 and age at first fracture ≤7 years were associated with a higher total number of lifetime fractures (median 4, range 1–70, IQR 5 versus median 1, range 1–13, IQR 1) (p &lt; 0.01). In conclusion, higher skeletal burden score and MAS hyperthyroidism are associated with long-bone fractures in FD/MAS. Both skeletal burden score ≥25 and age at first fracture ≤7 years are associated with a higher lifetime long-bone fracture risk and may predict a more severe clinical course. These results may allow clinicians to identify FD/MAS patients at risk for severe disease who may be candidates for early therapeutic interventions. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR). This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
Anteroposterior shear stiffness of the upper thoracic spine at quasi‐static and dynamic loading rates—An in vitro biomechanical study
Authors: Yamamoto Shun , Dias Luis , Street John , Cripton Peter A. , Oxland Thomas R. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTo evaluate the biomechanical properties of the upper thoracic spine in anterior–posterior shear loading at various displacement rates. These data broaden our understanding of thoracic spine biomechanics and inform efforts to model the spine and spinal cord injuries. Seven T1–T2 thoracic functional spinal units were loaded non‐destructively by a pure shear force up to 200 N, starting from a neutral posture. Tests were run in both posterior and anterior directions, at displacement rates of 1, 10, and 100 mm/s. The three‐dimensional motion of the specimen was recorded at 1000 Hz. Individual and averaged load–displacement curves were generated and specimen stiffnesses were calculated. Due to a nonlinear response of the specimens, stiffness was defined separately for both the lower half and the upper half of the specimen range of motion. Specimens were significantly stiffer in the anterior direction than in the posterior direction, across all rates. At low displacements, the anterior stiffness averaged 230 N/mm, 76% higher than the low displacement posterior stiffness of 131 N/mm. At high displacements, anterior stiffness averaged 258 N/mm, 51% stiffer than the high displacement posterior stiffness of 171 N/mm. Shear displacement rate had a small effect on the load response, with the 100 mm/s rate causing a mildly stiffer response at low displacements in the anterior direction. Overall, the load–displacement response exhibited pseudo‐quadratic behavior at 1 and 10 mm/s but became more linear at 100 mm/s. The shear stiffness in the upper thoracic spine is greatest in the anterior loading direction, being 51%–76% greater than posterior, most likely due to facet interactions. The effect of the shear displacement rate is low.
Affective variability and childhood abuse increase the risk for nonsuicidal self‐injury following psychiatric hospitalization
Authors: Brick Leslie , Nugent Nicole , Armey Michael 
Published: October 2021

AbstractChildhood abuse is associated with myriad negative behavioral health outcomes, including nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI). Models aimed at understanding the mechanism whereby childhood abuse may exert negative effects frequently highlight alterations or dysregulations in experienced affect, particularly during times of stress. The period immediately following discharge from psychiatric hospitalization represents a time of risk for individuals experiencing NSSI. We aimed to investigate the extent to which childhood abuse predicts affective variability and examine whether affective variability predicts who will experience NSSI thoughts or behaviors in the 6 months following hospital discharge. Participants were adults (N = 133) engaged in a 3‐week ecological momentary assessment study immediately following psychiatric hospitalization who returned for a 6‐month follow‐up. Location scale modeling (LSM) was used to model the impact of childhood abuse on affect variability; estimates of affect variability were then resampled and examined as risk factors for NSSI at follow‐up. Overall, individuals who experienced childhood abuse reported lower positive affect intensity. Participants exposed to emotional and sexual abuse reported less between‐person variability in positive affect, and those who experienced sexual abuse evidenced higher between‐person variability in negative affect. Models indicated that higher overall negative affect was associated with a higher NSSI risk, ORs ∼ 1.82–2.10 even after accounting for childhood abuse and lifetime NSSI. These findings indicate the importance of in vivo affect as a critical influence on behavior during high‐risk periods, reinforcing the need to move beyond traditional cross‐sectional approaches of assessment, analysis, and treatment.
The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on treatment‐seeking veterans in the United Kingdom with preexisting mental health difficulties: A longitudinal study
Authors: Hendrikx Laura Josephine , Williamson Charlotte , Baumann Julia , Murphy Dominic 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIndividuals with preexisting psychological difficulties are at risk of further deterioration of their mental well‐being during the COVID‐19 pandemic. This longitudinal study, conducted during the period between two national lockdowns, aimed to investigate the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on veterans in the United Kingdom with preexisting mental health difficulties. Treatment‐seeking veterans with preexisting mental health difficulties (N = 95) were surveyed in two waves. Wave 1 was conducted at the end of the first lockdown (June 2020–July 2020), and Wave 2 took place during the second lockdown (November 2020). Participants completed measures to assess symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); common mental health difficulties (CMDs), including anxiety and depression; anger; and alcohol use. Initial analyses revealed no significant changes in symptoms of PTSD, CMDs, anger, or alcohol use between the lockdowns, ps = .247–.986. However, veterans who experienced more COVID‐19–related stressors were more likely to experience increases in PTSD, odds ratio (OR) = 6.30, p = .002, and CMD symptoms, OR = 4.32, p = .025. Participants with lower levels of social support during the second lockdown were more likely to experience increased anger difficulties, OR = 0.91, p = .025. The findings suggest that although mental health among veterans in the United Kingdom may have remained relatively stable between the two lockdowns, those who reported more COVID‐related stressors and lower levels of social support may have been particularly vulnerable to symptom exacerbation. Such findings hold important implications for tailoring support for veterans during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Repair of Large Nasal Septal Perforations Using the Upper Lateral Cartilage Mucosal Flap
Authors: Bansberg Stephen F. , Taylor Cullen M. , Howard Brittany E. , Courson Andy M. , Miglani Amar 
Published: October 2021

Objectives/HypothesisTo describe the surgical technique and closure outcomes of larger septal perforation repair incorporating mucosa from the undersurface of the upper lateral cartilage into a superiorly positioned advancement flap.Study DesignRetrospective case series.MethodsA chart review was performed for patients who underwent perforation repair utilizing bilateral nasal mucosal flaps which incorporated mucosa from the undersurface of the upper lateral cartilage into the superior flap between January 2009 and December 2020.ResultsSixty‐six patients met study criteria. Prior septal surgery was the most common (28.8%) etiology. Mean perforation length and height were 18.9 and 14.4 mm, respectively. Complete perforation closure was noted in 91.2% of patients followed for a minimum of 6 months (mean follow‐up time 32.1 months). Twelve patients underwent secondary surgery for persistent nasal obstruction. Postoperative loss of dorsal height was noted in seven patients. The NOSE‐perf scores were available for the last 15 repairs and demonstrated significant symptom improvement from a mean score of 26.4 (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.2) to 14.5 (95% CI, 5.2) (P < .0001).ConclusionThe ventral surface of the upper lateral cartilage can provide additional mucosa for incorporation into a superior advancement flap to achieve successful closure for larger septal perforations. Optimization of surgical outcomes for this challenging condition may require secondary functional or aesthetic procedures.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 132:973–979, 2022
Roles of the micro‐arc oxidation coating on the corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of extruded Mg–2Zn–0.5Zr–1.5Dy (mass%) alloy
Authors: Li Huan , Wen Jiuba , Jin Jie , Liu Ya , He Junguang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAiming to enhance the biodegradable magnesium alloys' poor mechanical properties and corrosion resistance in aggressive chloride mediums, micro‐arc oxidation coatings with oxidation times range from 3 to 15 min were prepared on the surface of extruded Mg–2Zn–0.5Zr–1.5Dy (mass%) alloy. Assessments were carried out using electrochemical experiments, hydrogen evolution experiments, and tensile tests, respectively. The results show that the micro‐arc oxidation coating is porous and mainly consists of the MgO phase. When the oxidation time increases from 3 to 15 min, the thickness and the pore size of the coating increase, while the coating's porosity decreases. The coating with the oxidation time of 15 min can effectively prevent the formation of pitting holes on the surface of the alloy, which remarkably reduces the decay rate of ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of the alloy after immersion in simulated body fluid for 0–28 days, and keep the alloy with higher and more stable corrosion resistance. This increases the application possibility of extruded Mg–2Zn–0.5Zr–1.5Dy alloy as a biodegradable material.
Preparation of Tungsten‐Based Polyvinyl Alcohol Waterborne Coating and Development of Photochromic Composite Fabric
Authors: Wang Xinmiao , Wang Wenhao , Li Yunfeng , Wang Yaoyu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA kind of tungsten‐based polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) waterborne coating has been synthesized successfully. Two kinds of composite discoloration fabrics are prepared by cotton and polyester with coating method, which have a UV detection function. The color of composite discoloration fabric changes from white to blue under 365 nm UV lamp irradiation for 30 s and sunlight irradiation for 3 s. The influence of PVA concentration on the washability of fabric and the influence of polyurethane seal on discoloration of fabric are studied. In addition, the application of the water‐based coating shortens the preparation time of composite fabric, and greatly improves the preparation efficiency. This work lays a foundation for the development and application of photochromism textiles.
Do travelers' reviews depend on the destination? An analysis in coastal and urban peer‐to‐peer lodgings
Authors: Sánchez‐Franco Manuel J. , Rey‐Moreno Manuel 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOur research applies a service, feature‐oriented approach to deeply explore the subjective experiences shared publicly by Airbnb guests in their reviews. Our processed data set contains 73,557 reviews of Airbnb stays in coastal and urban destinations between 2017 and 2020. A topic modeling based on the BERTopic approach is applied to detect dense clusters of reviews and identify one highly relevant and interpretable topic per cluster related to core and essential sharing services and surrounding features. Our study, therefore, allows a higher understanding of the relationships between urban versus coastal destinations and guests' preferences. Furthermore, it enables hosts to differentiate the touristic short‐rentals lodgings according to customer experiences.
Cyclic Perfluoropolyether: Distinct Film Formability and Thermostabilization Upon Recyclable Cyclic–Linear Topological Transformation
Authors: Honda Satoshi , Ikuta Naoya , Oka Minami , Yamaguchi Shuhei , Handa Shinya 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPerfluoropolyether (PFPE) is an industrially important fluoropolymer and has great industrial importance due to its flexible, noncombustible, and chemically robust properties. However, exploration and application of chemically modified homogeneous PFPEs are hampered by their immiscibility against nonfluorine‐containing molecules. Here, the synthesis is reported of cyclic PFPE with hexaarylbiimidazoles (HABIs) in chains from linear PFPE having 2,4,5‐triphenylimidazole (lophine) end groups. While phase separation between the end groups and main chains took place for linear PFPE, HABIs and main chains in cyclic PFPE are miscible to form transparent glass films. The design of cyclic PFPE also enables cyclic to linear topological transformation based on conversion of HABIs into lophines upon mild heating in the glass film state. Sequential linear‐to‐cyclic and cyclic‐to‐linear topological transformations enable fabrication of thermostabilized transparent films derived from PFPE.
Demographic Influences on the Relationship Between Fatigue and Quality of Life in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Mantri Sneha , Chahine Lana M. , Nabieva Karina , Feldman Robert , Althouse Andrew , Torsney Benjamin , Albert Steven M. , Kopil Catherine , Marras Connie 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundFatigue has a major impact on health‐related quality of life (HR‐QOL) in Parkinson's disease (PD).ObjectivesTo determine whether demographic characteristics modify the relationship between fatigue and HR‐QOL.MethodsPatients with PD in the Fox Insight study completed the Parkinson Fatigue Scale (PFS‐16) and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS‐15). Linear regression examined the relationship between the PFS‐16 and Parkinson Disease Quality of Life, as modified by age, sex, and GDS‐15.ResultsA total of 1029 participants (44% female, mean age 67.4 years, and mean disease duration 4.6 years) were included in this analysis. Multivariable regression modeling demonstrated a negative effect modification for age (β = −0.07, P < 0.001) and a positive effect modification for the GDS‐15 (β = 0.057, P = 0.002), but not for sex (β = −0.021, P = 0.231).ConclusionThe association between fatigue and worse HR‐QOL is greater at younger ages and in individuals with more depressive symptoms. Targeted therapeutics for these individuals may provide the greatest impact on fatigue in PD.
Slab boundary artifact correction in multislab imaging using convolutional‐neural‐network–enabled inversion for slab profile encoding
Authors: Zhang Jieying , Liu Simin , Dai Erpeng , Ye Xinyu , Shi Diwei , Wu Yuhsuan , Lu Jie , Guo Hua 
Published: October 2021

PurposeThis study aims to propose a novel algorithm for slab boundary artifact correction in both single‐band multislab imaging and simultaneous multislab (SMSlab) imaging.Theory and MethodsIn image domain, the formation of slab boundary artifacts can be regarded as modulating the artifact‐free images using the slab profiles and introducing aliasing along the slice direction. Slab boundary artifact correction is the inverse problem of this process. An iterative algorithm based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) is proposed to solve the problem, termed CNN‐enabled inversion for slab profile encoding (CPEN). Diffusion‐weighted SMSlab images and reference images without slab boundary artifacts were acquired in 7 healthy subjects for training. Images of 5 healthy subjects were acquired for testing, including single‐band multislab and SMSlab images with 1.3‐mm or 1‐mm isotropic resolution. CNN‐enabled inversion for slab profile encoding was compared with a previously reported method (i.e., nonlinear inversion for slab profile encoding [NPEN]).ResultsCNN‐enabled inversion for slab profile encoding reduces the slab boundary artifacts in both single‐band multislab and SMSlab images. It also suppresses the slab boundary artifacts in the diffusion metric maps. Compared with NPEN, CPEN shows fewer residual artifacts in different acquisition protocols and more significant improvements in quantitative assessment, and it also accelerates the computation by more than 35 times.ConclusionCNN‐enabled inversion for slab profile encoding can reduce the slab boundary artifacts in multislab acquisitions. It shows better slab boundary artifact correction capacity, higher robustness, and computation efficiency when compared with NPEN. It has the potential to improve the accuracy of multislab acquisitions in high‐resolution DWI and functional MRI.