bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Friulian minority
Authors: Stolfo Marco 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In the framework of linguistic or national minorities in Europe, the Friulian case can be considered, from several points
of view, an exemplary one. This applies not only to the historical development of its minoritisation and to the steadiness of its claims to
recognition and protection but also to the way, during the last decades, that the community has been trying to promote its language and
concretely affirm those fundamental rights related to the use of the language itself, through laws and actions of language policy and
planning.
The contribution aims to present the Friulian case, illustrating the evolution of legislation and policies and identifying
their impact on the language itself, its formal and informal use, its social presence, the community’s legitimation, self-representation and
delimitation, and the establishment of language rights.
It is an interesting path with noteworthy results. It is also a discontinuous itinerary, with ups and downs, in which most of
the protection rules (Law 482/1999 and the Regional ones 15/1996 and 29/2007) have not found real application.
Therefore, the language is still excluded from several fundamental contexts and, despite some encouraging data coming from
the most recent sociolinguistic research, its public use and its presence in education and in the media are still victims of old prejudices,
which inspire the contradictory choices of political and institutional decision-makers.
Friulian is at the same time a resistant and emerging language and a strongly minoritized one.
Disagreement realizations in Arabic
Authors: Hamdan Hady J. , Mahadin Radwan S. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This paper examines disagreement strategies employed by speakers of Jordanian Spoken Arabic (JSA) with a view to finding out whether variables like gender and social status affect the linguistic choices and disagreement strategies they employ. The subjects are 28 Jordanian Arabic-speaking students at the University of Jordan. The researchers analyze the students’ interactional recorded responses to a set of stimuli included in an oral (recorded) discourse completion task (ODCT) prepared for this purpose. The ODCT comprises six scenarios in which the respondent is requested to disagree with two peers, two higher-status interlocutors and two lower-status interlocutors. The findings show that male and female subjects’ disagreement strategies tend to be influenced by the topic under discussion rather than by the gender and status of their interlocutor. However, some topics are found to be more provocative to females than to males.
Face-oriented acts of empathy in psychotherapy
Authors: Yijin Wu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Using Conversation Analytic (CA) methods, the present study attempts to analyze the various functions of
face-based therapist empathy, and how they are sequentially realized in different psychotherapeutic settings. Four types of
face-based therapeutic functions are discussed; more specifically, it is illustrated how therapist empathy may serve to maintain,
enhance, threaten or even save the client’s face. The findings gained could contribute to a better understanding of the face-based
therapeutic functions of empathy; also, the study may inspire researchers to further investigate other functions of therapist
empathy in psychotherapy.
Effect of Biochemical Pretreatment and Nutrient Supplementation on Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Sugarcane Press Mud and Distillery Effluent
Authors: Bamba J.N.Y. , Almendrala M.C. , Caparanga A.R. , Doma B.T. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Laboratory-scale anaerobic digesters were fabricated and used in the co-digestion of press mud and distillery effluent to investigate the effect of pretreatments (biological/enzymatic and chemical/alkaline) and nutrient supplementation for enhanced biogas production. The findings of this study showed that maximum biogas yield (502.86 mL/g TVSadded) with maximum percentage of methane (55%) was obtained in combined enzymatic and alkaline (calcium hydroxide) pretreatment with addition of nutrients (i.e., B6). Combined alkaline pretreatment and nutrient supplementation resulted to a 55.07% increase in biogas yield compared to the control. Sole nutrient addition enhanced the yield by 64.38%. However, single alkaline pretreatment presented inhibitory effect which resulted to a 22.48% decrease in biogas production. Moreover, the percentage of methane gas in the biogas samples was between 14 and 55%. Samples dosed with enzymes resulted to better methane yields (>50%) than the samples without enzymes. Highest reductions in BOD, COD and TSS were also achieved in sample B6. Thus, enzymes, especially when combined with other methods, have potential for improving biogas production from sugarcane wastes.
Lead Removal by Hydrochar from Hydrothermal Carbonization of Food Waste
Authors: Tuyen Do Thi Hoang , Le Thai-Hoang , Pham Thi Phuong Thuy 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Food waste recently emerged as a resource with a potential to be converted to hydrochar which could be utilized in various applications. In this study, we focused on investigation of the lead removal of hydrochar obtained from hydrothermal carbonization of food waste. Hydrochar was collected after hydrothermal liquefaction of food waste at 180°C for 2 h. The adsorption of hydrochar towards Pb 2+ in aqueous solution was conducted in batch mode to investigate the sorption kinetics, isotherm and pH edge. The results showed that hydrochar derived from food waste exhibits high performance in adsorption of lead from aqueous solution, achieving 160.21 mg g −1 removal capacity within the first 2 h of reaction. This indicated promising application as heavy metal sorbents of hydrochar from hydrothermal conversion of food waste.
Removal Ability of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria (Arb) and Antibiotic Resistance Genes (Args) by Membrane Filtration Process
Authors: Guo Yuting 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Recently, the environmental pollution caused by the extensive use of antibiotics is becoming more and more serious, and the existence of antibiotics may accelerate the prevalence and spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB), and thus endangering human health. The need for wastewater reuse is increasing due to the water scarcity, and membrane process including microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) has been widely used in wastewater reclamation process. Consequently, understanding the removal efficiency of ARB and ARGs in membrane filtration process is of great significance. The main purpose of this study was to determine the removal efficiencies of ARB and ARGs by different membrane filtration processes (i.e., MF, UF, NF and RO), analyze the influencing factors, and summarize the removal ability of different membrane filtration processes. In addition, the removal ability of ARB and ARGs by membrane-based integrated processes was studied, and suggestion on future wastewater reclamation was also proposed.
Analysis of the Fickle Fires in Global Regions
Authors: Yu Leyan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Forest fires occur in a wide range with distinctive fire elements, including fire size, expansion, speed and duration. To investigate when and where fire occurs in recent years and how the four factors differ in various regions, we here to analyse the chronological and terrestrial distribution of these fires, seeing the tendency to change four main fire elements. We focus on fourteen regions, including BONA (Boreal North America), TENA (Temperate North America), CEAM (Central America), NHSA (Northern Hemisphere South America), SHSA (Southern Hemisphere South America), EURO (Europe), MIDE (Middle East), NHAF (Northern Hemisphere Africa), SHAF (Southern Hemisphere Africa), CEAS (Central Asia), SEAS (Southeast Asia), EQAS (Equatorial Asia), AUST (Australia and New Zealand), BOAS (Boreal Asia. We finally conclude that the high level of precipitation, decrease in vegetation coverage and human intervention account for the decreasing fires in NHAF, SHAF, CEAS, NHSA. We also confirm that the increasing fires in BONA, TENA and MIDE are because of the rising temperature globally or more specifically, in these areas.
Investigation on the Impact of Covid-19 on Online Activities and Ecological Environment
Authors: Du Yuexi , Zhang Wenqi , Wang Zuogong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
COVID-19 significantly increased people’s online activity time and has a good impact on the ecological environment. School students and highly educated groups are more optimistic about the environmental changes caused by the increase of online communication. The government should strengthen the guidance of online life, learning and working mode and the education of ecological environment.
Study of Earthquake Clustering in the Rushan Area
Authors: Jinhua Zhao , jianchang Zheng , Hong Li , Hanpeng Lu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUsing the clumping earthquake identification method based on the nearest event distance algorithm by Zaliapin et al.[1-2] to investigate the characteristics of earthquake clumping for the Lushan earthquake swarm that occurred on October 1, 2013, the analysis of the results based on the calculated sequence development at different time periods shows that the seismic events in the Lushan earthquake sequence are basically still influenced by the larger earthquakes in the sequence as time passes, and the clumping of the sequence is obvious, with only a small fraction of “background earthquakes” [3-4] reflecting the regional stress state, with a clumping rate of 96%.
The Ecological Politics of the Belu Community in Preserving Nature and Supporting Sustainable Development
Authors: Fios F , Martoredjo N T , Benny  
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Political ecology is the relation between ecologically rooted social science and the principles of political economy and the reality of environment exploration. It aims to represent an alternative to apolitical ecology. The field synthesizes the central questions asked by the social sciences and ethics about the relations between human society and its bio-cultural-political complexity, and a significantly humanized nature. This article discourse the phenomenon on environment reality in Belu community, East Nusa Tenggara Province -Indonesia, especially the local community in Belu in relation with the environment. Research methods use phenomenological analyzes and literature review. Finding research that the local indigenous or community in Belu is doing political ecological to counter capitalism, strengthening indigenous local values, supporting sustainable development and protecting ecological justice. This finding can give inspiring to the local people in Indonesia and the other side of the world to take action to protect the environment and supporting sustainable development concept.
Thermodynamic Multi-Objective Optimization of an ORC-LNG Combined Cycle System
Authors: Yuan Zhaokuo , Wu Lijun , Zhang Ping 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A thermodynamic model of a dual loop organic Rankine cycle (ORC) combined with liquefied natural gas (LNG) expansion system has been developed to analyze the thermodynamic performance for the purpose of recovering LNG cold energy and blast furnace slag water waste heat. Furthermore, a multi-objective genetic algorithm (GA) is employed to solve the optimal solutions from the viewpoints of maximizing thermal efficiency and exergy efficiency simultaneously over the whole operating range of the combined cycle system. The results show that the optimal evaporation temperature and the intermediate condensation temperature of the first ORC (cycle A) are 83 °C and 19 °C separately. The optimal condensation temperature of the secondary ORC (cycle B) is -63 °C . The optimal gasification pressure and the supply pressure of the LNG expansion are 3.92 MPa and 0.20 MPa. At the rated condition, the ORC-LNG combined cycle system has the maximum thermal efficiency of 46.12% and exergy efficiency of 51.67%, with a 4.39 MW total net power output.
Wind Resource Assessment: Analysis of the Vortex Bladeless Characteristics in Puerto Cortés, Honduras
Authors: Ordoñez Orlando , Reyes Duke A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In the department of Cortés, many cities such as San Pedro Sula and Choloma truly invest in auto consumption installations for the residential and commercial sector; however, Puerto Cortés being one of the most prominent cities in Honduras, currently lacks any incentive of interest from its residents or authorities to implement distributive generation of any kind. Under this criterion, it was sought to study a renewable alternative distinct from solar energy suitable for its implementation in Puerto Cortés; Vortex Bladeless being a new concept in wind energy technology. A technical analysis was performed for the Vortex NANO device in situ to develop projections for a Vortex Tacoma device under the same conditions. The electrical performance of the device, the behavior of the wind resource and the power coefficient (Cp) were determined; analysis and results are based of the collected date on the 3rd quarter of the year. A demand analysis (load profile) in the residential sector to determine the range covered with one (1) Vortex Tacoma device given its projections.
Replacement of Palm Methyl Ester to Rapeseed Methyl Ester for Tar Removal in the Nong Bua Dual Fluidized Bed Gasification Power Plant
Authors: Tonpakdee P , Hongrapipat J , Siriwongrungson V , Pang S , Rauch R , Messner M , Henrich C , Pessl P , Dichand M 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The blockage problem of tar in a biomass power plant is a main problem and it must be removed. Rapeseed methyl ester (RME) was imported and used as scrubbing solvent to scrub tar at a 1 MWel Nong Bua prototype Dual Fluidised Bed (DFB) gasifier in Nong Bua district, Nakhonsawan province, Thailand. Using local oil in Thailand is an attractive choice from economic viewpoint. Pervious lab test study on naphthalene solubility in different local oils in Thailand was investigated. Local palm methyl ester (PME) shows the competitive performance to the RME. In this research, PME was tested to scrub tar in an oil scrubber at the Nong Bua DFB gasifier plant. Gravimetric tar content after passed a PME scrubber was measured and compared to that from a RME oil scrubber. The results show that both solvents have similar tar removal performance due to their contents of ester, methanol, and glycerin are similar. In addition, viscosity of both solvents has no significant effect on tar removal. From the current research, therefore, PME has been used as solvent in an oil scrubber at 1 MWel Nong Bua prototype DFB gasifier with technical and economic reasons.
Assessment of CO2 Emissions Reduction Based on Different Insulation Materials in Residential Buildings: Example from Turkey
Authors: Akan Aytac Perihan , Akan Ahmet Erhan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this study, the reduction of CO2 emissions caused by energy savings due to thermal insulation materials applied to the exterior of buildings was investigated. The study includes the evaluation of four different insulation materials including XPS, EPS, PUR and Rock Wool in terms of the reduction potential of CO2 emissions for all city centers in Turkey. Moreover, the optimum insulation thicknesses of the buildings that have both heating and cooling needs were determined for these insulation materials by means of Life Cycle Cost Analysis. The annual energy needs per unit area of the external walls of the buildings, which are insulated according to their optimum insulation thickness were determined and correspondingly the amount of fuel needed to meet this energy was calculated. In the study, CO2 emission values released from buildings to atmosphere were compared in terms of fuel amounts obtained from total energy demands during heating supplied from natural gas and cooling supplied from electricity of the residential buildings insulated with diverse insulation materials. Consequently, when CO2 reduction potentials of the buildings insulated with materials in the optimum insulation thickness are compared with those of the uninsulated buildings, insulation material providing highest potential in CO2 emission mitigation was to be found as Rock wool.
Exploring Supply–Demand Patterns and Flow Determinants of Global LNG During 2000–2018
Authors: Wang Y X , Wang N 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Entering the 21st century, global liquefied natural gas (LNG) flows have undergone a structural change. Especially over the past few years, LNG supply-demand landscape has increased the complexity and unpredictability in the face of ever-changing energy markets. According to the data for LNG export-import, production-consumption, gas proven reserve, sea transport distance, trade price and energy policy, this study thus endeavors to explore global LNG supply-demand patterns during 2000–2018, highlighting recent development of LNG by regions and nations. Further, seven factors are considered in an extended gravity model of LNG to quantitatively assess the driving factors of LNG flows. Finally, policy implications are put forward, which provide useful information for energy sectors to understand the dynamic LNG markets and the determinants of these changes.
Automatic Optimization of Vertical Long-shaft Fire Pump Overload Based on Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Jinfeng , Yang Zhijun , Lai Liangqing , Song Haiqing , Jing Chengming 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
As a typical large-flow high-head pump, the vertical long-axis fire pumps have the advantages of rapid startup, superior structure, and strong applicability in multiple occasions. In order to shorten the non-overload optimization cycle, CFturbo, ICEM and CFX are integrated by writing batch processing commands to achieve automatic multi-load and no-load optimization of vertical long-axis fire pumps based on Isight’s multi-disciplinary optimization platform. With the objective of achieving the non-overload characteristics of vertical long-axis fire pumps, the optimal Latin hypercube design is used to spatially sample the design variables of the impeller. After sampling, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to optimize the design. The results show that, vertical long-axis fire pumps achieve non-overload characteristics within 1.5Q
0 after optimization, while the head and efficiency at the rated operating point are almost unchanged.
Impact of Al-doping on structural, electrical, and optical properties of sol-gel dip coated ZnO:Al thin films
Authors: Khlayboonme S Tipawan , Thowladda Warawoot 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Aluminum-doped ZnO (AZO) thin films were coated on glass substrates using the sol-gel dip-coating technique. We investigated the effect of Al-doping level on the surface morphology, crystal structure, atomic bonding, and optical and electrical properties of the AZO films. The Al-doping levels in the sol-gel solution were 0, 0.25, 0.50, 1.0, 1.5, and 3.0% with a Zn precursor concentration of 0.50 M. The results show that the grain boundary increased with the doping level, while the crystallite size decreased from 27.2 to 14.2 nm. The AZO films were subjected to tensile stress. The Al-doping levels ≤ of 1.5% encouraged the intensity of the (002) x-ray diffraction peak. The center of the (002) peak shifted from 34.46° to 34.51°, and that of the

E

2

high

Raman mode shifted from 435.0 to 432.4 cm−1. Doping with 1.5% Al resulted in a maximum electron concentration of 4.7 × 1018 cm−3 with a minimum resistivity of 2.6 × 10−1 Ω cm and a mobility of 5.14 cm2/V.s. The Urbach energy increased from 88 to 120 meV with increasing doping level. For the AZO films doped with Al (≤1.5%), the analysis of the UV–vis spectra reveals that the position of the conduction band (CB) minimum of the films shifted from −0.16 to −0.21 eV and shifted outward from the valence band (VB). Further Al doping to 3.0% resulted in a VB shift toward CB. The optical band gap reached a maximum of 3.33 eV at 1.5% Al. The combination of tensile stress and electron density due to Al doping influences the shift in the optical band gap of the AZO films. The crystal structure, atomic bonding, and electronic band structure of ZnO films can be modified by Al doping.
Recovery of cellulose diacetate from cigarette butts and its use for formulation of hot melt adhesive
Authors: Kim Yong-Ho , To Kwang-Il , Om Chol-Yi , Hwang Yong-Su , Jo Myong-Il , Hong Yong-Bom , Mun Ho-Yong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Cigarette butts are one of the toxic residues and have a very serious impact on the environment. Recycling cigarette butts has a great advantage in saving the natural source and solving environmental problems. Cellulose diacetate obtained from extraction, purification and acid hydrolysis of cigarette butts and then was blended with low molecular weight partially hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohol. The blend of cellulose diacetate and partially hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohol was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. To evaluate the viscoelastic properties of the blends dynamic mechanical analysis was performed. The lap shear strength and the 180° peel strength of the adhesive were estimated according to the content of the blends and the biodegradability in water was confirmed. The experimental results showed that the use of cellulose diacetate obtained from cigarette butts in the composition of biodegradable hot melt adhesives can be of great help in solving environmental problems caused by petroleum-based polymers and waste.
Conformal manufacturing of soft deformable sensors on the curved surface
Authors: Zhang Wanqing , Zhang Ling , Liao Yabin , Cheng Huanyu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Health monitoring of structures and people requires the integration of sensors and devices on various 3D curvilinear, hierarchically structured, and even dynamically changing surfaces. Therefore, it is highly desirable to explore conformal manufacturing techniques to fabricate and integrate soft deformable devices on complex 3D curvilinear surfaces. Although planar fabrication methods are not directly suitable to manufacture conformal devices on 3D curvilinear surfaces, they can be combined with stretchable structures and the use of transfer printing or assembly methods to enable the device integration on 3D surfaces. Combined with functional nanomaterials, various direct printing and writing methods have also been developed to fabricate conformal electronics on curved surfaces with intimate contact even over a large area. After a brief summary of the recent advancement of the recent conformal manufacturing techniques, we also discuss the challenges and potential opportunities for future development in this burgeoning field of conformal electronics on complex 3D surfaces.