bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can reaction with amino acid turn Dimefox or Fluoroacetamide to nontoxic derivative: in Silico Study
Authors: Hammud Kafa Khalaf 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
To answer the title question, two ways can be applied. The first way is the experimental methods through using multistep, various techniques, different chemicals, characterization instruments, time, cost, and environmental considerations, and in vitro–in vivo testing. The second way is in Silico calculation. In this path of working, all steps, instruments, testing, chemicals …etc. will be canceled and only evaluate the numerical results to qualify any chemical to be a drug. The above points encourage me to take a hypothetical reaction between two insecticides (Dimefox (D) and Fluoroacetamide (F)) and several amino acids (aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, alanine, phenylalanine, valine, isoleucine, proline, and methionine). The resulted P-N or C-N derivatives were subjected to ADMET and Druglikeness predications. They showed various important notes like increasing water solubility, mutagen character of Ames test to all 20 compounds, non–inhibition predication to P-glycoprotein, non–inhibition character of CYP-2C19 and CYP-2C9 except F. Many of 20 compounds showed negative response to Mouse or Rat Carcinogenic test, TA100-10RLI, TA100-NA, TA1535-10RLI, and TA1535-NA beside low risk to hREG inhibition. The other calculated characters were varied with influence of polarity, surface area, hydrogen bonding, and molecular structure. So, if these 18 compounds, if they formed in any biological system or in lab, have a toxic character.
Antibacterial activity of synthesized CdS and Au/CdS nanoparticles on P. mirabilis bacteria
Authors: Wali Hawraa F. , Al-Kaim Ayad F. , Al-Marzoqi Ali H. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Biological application of nanoparticles is very much interesting and increasingly recognized for their utility especially in bio-nanomedicine. The present investigation was chamical synthesis of cadmium nanoparticles by using hydrothermal method at different pHs (2, 5, 7, 9, and 11) then calcinated at 500 oC for 1 hr, after that these samples prepared doping by gold nanoparticles by using a photo-deposition method. And toxic effect on prokaryotic pathogens. XRD and FESEM analysis of the CdS NPs and Au/CdS indicated that they are in varying size from 20 to 100 nm size. Antibacterial activity of CdS and Au/CdS nanoparticles against clinical isolates of Proteus mirabilis. Au/CdS NPs showed higher inhibitory effect than CdS NPs on Proteus mirabilis bacteria, so that effective Au/CdS NPs on genome P.mirabilis after treatment it.
Synthesize of nitrogen doped carbon quantum dots by the hydrothermal method and its application for detection of iodide anion using paper based smart phone detection system.
Authors: Alasadi Rawaa , Heidari Tahereh , Aboobakri Elias 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this research is to design a Whatman paper based sensor for quantitative measurement of iodide anion by its quenching effect on the fluorescence intensity of the nitrogen doped carbon quantum dots (N-doped CQDs) using a smart phone as a detection system. In this project, N-doped CQDs were synthesized by a hydrothermal method using citric acid as a source of carbon and hexamethylenediamine as a source of nitrogen. In order to characterize of the synthesized N-doped CQDs, Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FT-IR), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) was used. After designing of the paper based sensor, an aliquot of the mixture of the N-doped CQDs:Glue (glue roles as the stabilizing agent) was injected on the hydrophilic zone of the paper and then by injection of different concentrations of iodide anion, the reduction of the fluorescence intensity was measured using the smart phone camera. By optimizing the critical parameters affecting the quenching efficiency of the N-doped CQDs including the size of the hydrophilic zone, the volume ratio of the N-doped CQDs:Glue, type of the Whtaman filter paper and the pH of sample solution, the proposed method was used for determination of iodide ion. The results show that two calibration curves in the ranges of 1-10 and 15-200 mmol L-1 iodide were obtained for determination of iodide anion. Also, the detection limit (LOD) of 3 mmol L-1 and the relative standard deviation (RSD) in the range of 2.6-2.9 % were obtained for the iodide anion in the range of 50-150 mmol L-1. The main advantages of the propsed method are rapidity, inexpensively, simplicity, availability and no need of expert for operation.
Effects of heavy metals on physiological status for Schoenoplectus litoralis & Salvinia natans L
Authors: AL-Janabi Qassim A. A. , Al-Kalidy Saad Kadhim A. , Hameed Zaid B. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study investigated the removal of three concentrations of heavy metal salts, namely nickel chloride, manganese chloride, cobalt chloride and zinc chloride in the Phytoremediation of two aquatic plants (Schoenoplectus litoralis and Salvinia natans), and the determination of the level of total chlorophyll and protein by the exposure to two water plants (Schoenoplectus litoralis and Salvinia naturalans). Two samples of each plant were taken every ten days to determine the heavy metal, protein and chlorofyll after 30 days. The experiment was completed. At the end of the experiment, the results of the study showed different concentration levels of heavy metals in tissue in the plant and showed decreasing total chlorophyll and protein concentrations for the aquatic plant.
Concentrations Assessment Of Radon Gas and Some Radioactive Nuclei For Some Region In Basra Governorate By CR-39 Detector
Authors: Hadi Al–Sadi Mohammed Abdul Kadhim , Altbtbiey Dhay Alaa 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this work, eighteen samples were studied distributed over different sites in Basra Governorate from southern Iraq. The CR- 39 nuclear trace detector technique was used to reach the results, which showed us, the radium concentrations ranged between (18.52 - 2.169) Becquerel / kg, the environmental factors such as rain, dust and weather erosion have led to a decrease in radium concentrations in these areas which fell within the permissible range of 33 Becquerel / kg. The concentrations of uranium in the samples under study ranged from 0.2622 ppm to 2.239 ppm, is higher than the natural limit of the background radiation (0.2 - 1.2) ppm, which indicates that radioactive pollution has entered the Iraqi environment. As well as, we find that the concentration of Radon The samples have risen by twenty times the normal limit in some samples, which indicates the danger of dealing with the polluted southern environment of Iraq.
Assessment of Aerodynamic Roughness Length Using Remotely Sensed Land Cover Features and MODIS
Authors: Abbas Malik Rashid , Bin Rasib Abd Wahid , Abbas Talib Rashid , Ahmad Baharin Bin , Dutsenwai Hafsat S. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Wind speed profile has a significant role in environmental transport phenomena whereby Roughness length is a governing factor that determines wind speed profile. Normally, relatively crude estimates of roughness length are used in global climate models based on constant values for each specific land cover category. However, a significant variation may exist within any one of these land cover categories. For this reason, it is necessary to derive detailed roughness length distribution over areas under consideration. Satellite observations can be used to assess the details of roughness length distribution. The aim of the present study was to develop method for roughness length assessment based on remotely sensed Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and landscape images for the entire Iraq area. The NDVI was generated using MODIS data (MOD13Q1) at 250 m resolution acquired on 23th April 2015 for whole Iraq. And the landscape images were classified based on land use and land cover (LU/LC) that relates general classes of LU/LC and values of roughness length coefficient. Taking into consideration a specific range of NDVI values of each landscape category, a correlation analysis was used to determine the aerodynamic roughness between the values of (NDVI) and the aerodynamic roughness based on the European Wind Atlas classification and the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute. A quantitative relationship was set up to retrieve the aerodynamic roughness length from MODIS data (MOD13Q1) where R2 = 0.96. Experiments prove that the proposed methodology can provide accurate roughness length estimations for the spatial and temporal analysis of land surface. The findings of this study will enhance sustainability in Iraq and many other regions of the world, thus, supporting the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) through the establishment of wind farms especially in countries with coastal areas that can serve as a major source of the national electricity.
Antimicrobial activity of garlic and Pomegranate Peel extracts against some pathogenic bacteria
Authors: Al-Defiery M E , Al-Muttairi A K , Saeed H H , Hadi R K 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The extracts of garlic and pomegranate peel were used against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii.

The aqueous extracts of garlic and pomegranate peel were prepared and tested in vitro for evaluation antibacterial activity by agar well diffusion method. The antibiotics (imipenem, augmentin, ceftriaxone, levofloxacin, amikacin, gentamycin, trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole, clindamycin, piperacillin) susceptibility were examined against tested bacteria by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method.
The results revealed the inhibitory effect of extracts of garlic and pomegranate peel against the isolated bacteria. The inhibition zones caused by the garlic extracts were much higher than pomegranate peel that indicated the potency of the active components in garlic. The antibiotics activity test exhibited these bacteria were susceptible to antibiotics imipenem and resistant to augmentin and ceftriaxone. Whereas, the Klebsiella pneumoniae was more resistant to antibiotics than other tested bacteria. The present study indicated that the plant extract has very important role for prevention pathogenic bacteria and can be used for control causative agent.
Antibiotics susceptibility on Salmonella typhi isolates from typhoid fever patients
Authors: Hassan Alhayli Hadeel A. , Al-Thahab Azhar 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study was conducted in Babylon province in the period from January 2019 to April 2019. Patients were randomly selected from Al-Musayyib General Hospital and Marjan Medical city,a clinics and laboratories in the Musayyib of Babylon province for patients suspected of typhoid fever, according to the diagnosis of the specialist physician.The result of the study showed some of the samples that have been culture were negative result, while the sample which gave a positive result for Salmonella typhi isolates were25 isolates as the ratio from blood sample 20 ( 13.3 % ), the rates of urine culture was 1 isolate ( 1.04%) while the rate of stool culture was 4( 11.7 % ).
This study was proceed to show and compare the effect of many antibiotics with different mechanism of action and different families on the bacterial isolates of Salmonella
typhi, the result show the most powerful effect of antibiotic is for imipenm which have strong sensitivity to this microorganism with the least bacterial resistance of 16 % percentage.
The amikacin, chloramphphinicol and azithromycin show great bacterial sensitivity with low bacterial resistance percentage as 24, 28, 28 respectively, in another hand of cefotaxime, nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, tetracycline and trimethoprim / sulphaethoxazole are show very low bacterial sensitivity with great bacterial resistance as 96%, 92%, 88%, 84%,68 %, 56% respectively.Also all bacterial isolates were MDRTF characterized by resistance too at least one agent in three or more antibiotic categories
Effect of Nitrogen Oxides on Shortwave Solar Radiation in Atmosphere for Selected Iraqi Stations
Authors: Al-Amery Hussein A. , Al-Taai Osama T. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
It is known that the incoming solar radiation is subject to interaction with the components of the Earth’s atmosphere. This reaction is expressed by the mechanisms of absorption, scattering and reflection. The occurrence of each mechanism depends on the size of the particles in relation to the wavelength of the incoming radiation. The study of the interaction of solar radiation with atmospheric components, including aerosols, has attracted long scientific interest; this interaction is associated with climate change issues. Among the components in the atmosphere, attention was paid to human-derived nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in the troposphere, as it was found that anthropogenic aerosols play an important role in its interaction with incoming solar radiation. For this reason, the behavior Nitrogen Oxides gas has been studied with the elements of solar radiation to know the effect of Nitrogen Oxides gas on shortwave solar radiation (Surface net solar radiation (SSR) Surface net solar radiation, clear sky (SSRC) Surface solar radiation downwards (SSRD) TOA incident solar radiation (TISR) Top net solar radiation (TSR)) by using data the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) as the monthly mean at the time (12:00 pm) for ten years (2009 - 2018) over selected stations in Iraq (Mosul, Baghdad, Basra).
Total Ozone Column Variability of Selected Stations over Iraq
Authors: Khalaf Iqbal , Taweek Yasmin Q. , Naïf Salwa S. , Al-Taai Osama T. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study aims to know the annual, monthly, and daily changes of total ozone in some selected stations in Iraq (Baghdad, Mosul, and Basra). The data presented from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) for the period (2003-2015) were used to study the total ozone column. It was found that the total ozone column has temporal variation. As for the annual and daily changes. In the annual changes, we find that the tendency has negative value in both the station (Mosul and Baghdad) by (-0.606 and -0.459) DU with maximum annual mean value was (330.13) DU in Mosul station, while the amount of the tendency is a positive value by (0.115) and the minimum annual mean value was (292.74) DU in Basra station, and the same is the case for the daily change has a value negative (-3.88—-0.699) for each Mosul and Baghdad stations and positive (1.902) for Basra station. The monthly total ozone varied between a maximum value in spring of (353 and 344) DU - (334and321) DU in the station (Mosul and Baghdad) respectively, while the maximum value of total ozone varied between (304 and 313) DU in the summer about the station Basra.
Sustainable development - A study of its goals, dimensions and methods of achieving-
Authors: Al-Taai S. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A large number of researchers have been interested in studying sustainable development, its concept, importance, dimensions and objectives due to its great impact in bringing about radical changes in the human society in its various aspects, and the great importance it constitutes in various human and scientific sciences. The research addressed the study of the stages of development of the concept of sustainable development, the most important characteristics, advantages, goals, and dimensions of which it was characterized by the human being one of its most important goals and focus of attention in order to achieve prosperity, justice and equality and make him able to face life and the changes that occur around him positively and effectively with concern for the environment and keeping pace with technological development and rejecting poverty and unemployment. The research pointed to the most important indicators of sustainable development in various aspects, and the most important areas of sustainable development such as food, health, poverty and others, as it deals with natural resources as limited resources, and the research discussed the most prominent factors that affect the achievement of its goals and constitute a major obstacle to it, as well as the most prominent methods of achieving sustainable development. The reality of local and international sustainable development is one of the most important topics discussed in the research, as well as the need to achieve integration, incorporation and cohesion between sustainable and human development.
Application of the CCME water quality index to evaluate the groundwater quality of shouira village for drinking and domestic purposes in Nineveh governorate
Authors: Sabry Al-Mashhadany Mohammed Hazim 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this research, the Water Quality Index (CCME) was used to determine groundwater suitability for drinking and domestic purposes. in the village of Shouira in Talafar district, northwest of Nineveh Governorate. This was carried out by subjecting 50 samples of groundwater to biological and chemical analysis. These parameters include pH, TDS, O2, T.A, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Cl, PO4, SO4, TPC, and F. Colif. The results show that groundwater is not suitable for drinking. It was found that the low value of CCME, which ranged between (17.9 - 32.7), is mainly due to the high value of most of the values of the measured parameters and the low oxygen values.
A New Visible Spectrophotometric Approach for Mutual Determination of Allopurinol drug in Pharmaceuticals after Cloud Point Extraction
Authors: Hassan Sahar Sabeeh , Shaheed Ihsan Mahdi , Mohammed Noor Jamal , Dhahir Saadiyah Ahmed 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A new spectrophotometric methodology for allopurinol (ALLO) drug determination in pharmaceuticals was a proved. The method is based on formation of allopurinol-CoII complex in alkaline medium. A non-ionic surfactant Triton X-114 was used for the extraction of this complex at 586 nm. High extraction for complex was maintained under optimized conditions. The linearity was performed form (5.0-35.0) μg mL-1 with correlation coefficient (R2=0.9995). Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.393 and 1.308μg mL-1, respectively. This new method was applied successfully for allopurinol determination in pharmaceuticals and maintained acceptable accuracy and precision.
Analysis of the slopes of Jambour Anticline in Kirkuk and its Effect on Soil Formation using Remote Sensing (RS) Data and Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
Authors: Kamil Ali M. , Al-Ibadi Zahraa M.A. , Al-Hammadani Rasha A.K. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The area slope was studied according to several classifications and the matching, as well as studying the direction of the slope, the study found the direction south-east and south is prevalent in the region, because of the origin of tectonic processes, responsible for the emergence of the Jampour Anticline and the slope receding, it appears that most of the slopes in the region correspond to the directions of the river valleys, these slopes increased the speed of efficacy of riverine operations, resulting in an increase in the movement of surface materials. The shadow of the hills was also analyzed, and medium shade areas came first, followed by many shade areas, as well as studying the degree of curvature, it was found that straight, flat shapes outnumber convex and concave shapes if they reached 42.5%.
The soil of the area was also studied according to Al-Ta‘i’s classification, the area soil was cultivated according to its potential for agriculture and grazing, the soil will be good for grazing, animals and forests grow due to water and wind erosion.
Measurement of uranium concentrations in tap water samples collected from Muthanna governorate, Iraq using nuclear track detector CR-39
Authors: Al-Zaalimiu Tuqa H. , Al-Hamzawi Anees A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In the current study, uranium concentrations were measured in tap water samples collected from selected regions in Muthanna governorate southern Iraq. Fission track analysis technique with alpha track detector (CR-39) has been applied to determine the uranium content. The results of this experimental investigation showed that the highest value of uranium concentration in tap water samples was 4.05 ± 0.16 μg/l found in Al-Hassan district, while the lowest value was 2.02 ± 0.13 μg/l found in Al-Mualimin district. The average value of uranium content in tap water samples was 3.01 ± 0.15 μg/l. The results of the uranium content were compared with the published data and they were found to be within the safety levels.
Effect of irrigation level and nitrogen fertilizer on water consumption and faba bean growth
Authors: Ali Zaid A. , Hassan Diaa F. , Mohammed Rafal J. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A field experiment was conducted in Babil governorate to find out the effect of water tightening with different irrigation levels and fertilization with different urea levels on water consumption of pests and some of its characteristics. Agricultural land was selected and prepared for cultivation and the field was divided. It was treated with three levels of irrigation, which are (30, 50, 70) % of the ready water, and three levels of urea, which are (0, 50, 100) kg urea.
After the end of the experiment, the actual water consumption, the reference water consumption and the yield factor were calculated. The water consumption was (562, 482, 382) mm for each of the levels of irrigation (30, 50, 70)% of the prepared water, respectively.
As for the characteristics of the plant, it was found that the best treatment that achieved good productive and vegetative characteristics is the treatment of depletion of 30% and the level of urea 100 kg, as the values reached (75.3, 83.2, 20, 5284) for each of the plant height, dry weight, number of branches and seed yield respectively.. The water stress reduces plant productivity due to water stress, as well as the high level of urea, which helped improve plant properties.
Study of certain heavy metals with potential human health effects
Authors: Hassan Hassan Abdullah 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Heavy metals influence the human body directly or indirectly. Some of these heavy metals including Cu, Co, Mn, and Zn have functional roles that are important for the body’s various physiological and biochemical activities. But, several of these heavy metals, at high-dose, could be dangerous to the body. While, others like Cd, Pb, and Cr in minute amounts have harmful effects in the body that cause acute and chronic toxicity in humans. Unmonitored drainage processes in Iraqi rivers have been identified as this river is considered to be the main source of drinking water in Al-Abasia City; hence, the present study aims to detect levels of some heavy metals in the Al-Abasia River. The current study indicates that the highest concentrations of the heavy metals were recorded during winter, while the lowest values were reported during summer, except Pb, Fe, and Co. All heavy metals exceeded Iraqi freshwater content limits, excluding Cu, and Fe.