bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computer Versus Lecture: A Comparison of Two Methods of Teaching Oral Medication Administration in a Nursing Skills Laboratory
Authors: Jeffries Pamela R 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of both an interactive, multimedia CD-ROM and a traditional lecture for teaching oral medication administration to nursing students. A randomized pretest/posttest experimental design was used. Fortytwo junior baccalaureate nursing students beginning their fundamentals nursing course were recruited for this study at a large university in the midwestern United States. The students ranged in age from 19 to 45. Seventy-three percent reported having average computer skills and experience, while 15% reported poor to below average skills. Two methods were compared for teaching oral medication administration- a scripted lecture with black and white overhead transparencies, in addition to an 18-minute videotape on medication administration, and an interactive, multimedia CD-ROM program, covering the same content. There were no significant (p < .05} baseline differences between the computer and lecture groups by education or computer skills. Results showed significant differences between the two groups in cognitive gains and student satisfaction (p = .01), with the computer group demonstrating higher student satisfaction and more cognitive gains than the lecture group. The groups were similar in their ability to demonstrate the skill correctly. Importantly, time on task using the CD-ROM was less, with 96% of the learners completing the program in 2 hours or less, compared to 3 hours of class time for the lecture group.
Novice Faculty: Encountering Expectations in Academia
Authors: Siler Bobbie B , Kleiner Catherine 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
New faculty rarely are prepared educationally or experientially for multiple roles and expectations. This phenomenological study was designed to uncover the meaning of the new faculty experience. A purposeful sample of nursing faculty, who were in their first year in a new position, were interviewed to gain an understanding of their experience. A hermenéutica! method of data analysis revealed common meaning in the experience of new faculty. The focus of this article is on one theme- expectations- from the distinct perspective of the novice faculty participants. Novice faculty had expectations of what their new role would involve from their prior experience as students, and they perceived expectations of them by other faculty and students. With limited experience in academia, novice faculty described how they tried to put their own and others' expectations into perspective. The stories of these novice faculty reveal inadequacies in the ways new faculty are prepared and mentored. Implications arising from this study encourage revisiting the practices surrounding the preparation and retention of new nursing faculty.
Student Outcomes of the Healing Web: Evaluation of a Transformative Model for Nursing Education
Authors: Nelson Margot L , Howell Jacquelyn K , Larson June C , Karpiuk Kathryn L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The Healing Web is a transformative nursing model, bridging gaps between nursing education and practice, baccalaureate and associate degree education, and public and private educational institutions. It is an educational prototype in which nursing students experience collaborative clinical practice in a differentiated practice model. Based on the Healing Web framework, it was hypothesized that the educational partnership model would influence specific student competencies (i.e., caring abilities, leadership skills, assertiveness, and professional nursing behaviors). Students in the Healing Web program scored higher in caring knowing, caring courage, leadership, and assertiveness than their counterparts who participated in traditional clinical experiences. Students identified collaboration, partnership with students and staff, and learning to value different nureing roles as primary benefits of the experience. Findings support the contribution of Healing Web experiences to selected student outcomes, but the research is limited by instrumentation, small numbers, and the question of adequate "dosage." Future research will emphasize qualitative methods to explicate significant concepts more completely.
A New Perspective on Competencies for Self-Directed Learning
Authors: Patterson Chris , Crooks Dauna , Lunyk-Child Ola 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
In baccalaureate in nursing programs, self-directed methods of education have been used for many decades. A major goal of this type of approach to education is to provide students with the necessary competencies to become lifelong learners. Students must be exposed to self-directed learning competencies to obtain the knowledge, skills, and attributes unique to their personal and professional growth. It has been proposed that six competencies are required for students to become self-directed learners: self-assessment of learning gaps; evaluation of self and others; reflection; information management; critical thinking; and critical appraisal. Each of these skills are not mutually exclusive but are interrelated in such a way that students use all or a combination of them simultaneously to direct and control their learning.
Violence-Related Content in the Nursing Curriculum: A Follow-Up National Survey
Authors: Woodtli M Anne , Breslin Eileen T 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Appropriate educational preparation about violence prevention, assessment, and treatment provides critical knowledge and skills that enable nurses to provide competent care to violence survivors. This follow-up national survey examined changes in the extent, placement, and faculty responsible for violence-related content in baccalaureate nursing curricula since the original 1995 survey was conducted. This national study used a 31-item mailed questionnaire that requested demographic information; data related to course content, clinical experiences, curriculum and faculty development, and curriculum evaluation; and recommendations. Usable questionnaires were returned from 395 (61%) of 648 programs surveyed. Findinge indicated content related to women, children, and suicide and self-destructive behavior was taught primarily in 2 to 4 hours; 46% of schools presented sexual and elder abuse content in 1 hour or in readings only; and related clinical experiences were primarily coincidental. The majority of schools (63%) reported no violence-related faculty development activities during the past 4 years despite previous indication of need. More than two thirds of programs (68%) did not systematically evaluate violence content, and 75% had not developed violence-focused student competencies. Although small gains were found in hours of presentation in some content, little has changed in the nursing curriculum overall. The significance of this study is related to the relevance of nursing education to preparing students and faculty to address the social and health problems of increasing violence and abuse.
Reinnervation of the Nerve to the Inferior Oblique After Iatrogenic Denervation
Authors: Gonzalez Caleb 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A case is reported of a young adult female with a traumatic superior oblique palsy treated with a denervation of the inferior oblique muscle. In addition to the denervation, email Week Hemoclips were placed at both ends of the severed nerve. In spite of this, the inferior oblique muscle reinnervated, necessitating a redenervation plus large myectomy to obtain a permanent cure. A two-year follow-up revealed normal ocular motility.
Optic Glioma Masquerading As Spasmus Nutans
Authors: Koenig Steven B , Naidich Thomas P , Zaparackas Zibute 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
An eight-month-old child who presented with signs of spasmus nutans subsequently developed obstructive hydrocephalus, bilateral optic atrophy, andlossof vision due to a juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma involving the optic nerves, chiasm, and anterior third ventricle. It appears that gliomas arising from this region may produce signs that imitate spasmus nutans.
Motion Aftereffect Transfer in the Monofixation Syndrome
Authors: Price Ronald L , Keck Max J 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
If one adapts to a moving repetitive stimulus of stripes that is suddenly stopped, the stripes will appear to move backward. This apparent backward motion is the motion aftereffect (MAE), and its duration is a measure of its magnitude. If one eye adapts to the moving stimulus and the other eye experiences the aftereffect to the stationary stimulus, the aftereffect has been transferred from one eye to the other and is termed the interocular transfer of the MAE.
Experimental evidence indicates that the degree of MAE transfer correlates with clinical binocularity. This study compares the MAE transfer in six subjects with the monofixation syndrome to five normal subjects. The stimuli used are sinusoidal stripes generated on two cathode-ray tubes, subtending either 8° or 2° of visual angle with a periodicity of either 0.5 or 3 cycles/degree presented haploscopically.
Subjects with the monofixation syndrome differed significantly from normal subjects in the amount of MAE transferred, implying a lack of central neuronal connections in addition to those mediating conscious central fusion in clinical sensory testing.
Saccadic Velocities of Horizontal Rectus Muscles in Twenty-Five Normal Humans
Authors: Mims James Luther , Treff Gaye 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We measured horizontal saccadic velocities for 20° saccades in 25 normal humans. Percent differences for various muscle pairs were calculated for each subject. For example, percent differences of the antagonist muscles averaged +4,9 ± 10% and percent differences of symmetrical muscles averaged -9.2 ± 9%. This percent difference type of data, previously unreported, allows more accurate detection of pathology in a given patient than comparison of a single saccadic velocity with an average of normals because of large intersubject variability.
We also found ways to make the performance of the test more convenient and the calculations significantly more accurate (0.001). These will be described. The average speed of a horizontal rectus saccade was 396 ± 53 degrees/sec.
Increase in Retinal Surface Area During Infancy and Childhood
Authors: Robb Richard M 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Retinal surface area was calculated from measurements made on the eyes of 33 patients ranging in age from six-months of gestation to six-postnatal years. Retinal surface area increased dramatically during the last months of gestation and more gradually in the first two postnatal years. Thereafter the rate of increase was small. These data provide a background against which regional shifts in the cell density of the retina and retinal pigmented epithelium can be studied.
Vertical Strabismus Associated With Plagiocephaly
Authors: Robb Richard M , Boger William P 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Thirty-three patients with plagiocephaly due to unilateral coronal synostosis have been studied because of a high incidence of vertical strabismus. Twenty-seven of the 33 patients were found to have an ipsilateral hypertropia. In two patients the hypertropia disappeared after early neurosurgical correction of the coronal synostosis, but in most patients the hypertropia persisted, mimicking a fourth cranial nerve palsy with overaction of the inferior oblique muscle and a head tilt to the opposite shoulder. We think the vertical muscle imbalance is due to structural abnormalities of the orbit induced by the cranial synostosis. Appropriate strabismus surgery reduced the ocular deviation in five patients.
Congenital Glaucoma Unresponsive to Conventional Therapy: A Clinicopathological Case Presentation
Authors: Wright John D , Robb Richard M , Dueker David K , Boger William P 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A clinicopathological case report of a black male with congenital glaucoma is presented. The child died at age three months of the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. The clinical course was characterized by persistent corneal clouding and elevated intraocular pressure in spite of vigorous medical and surgical therapy. Histopathological findings included corneal enlargement, marked hypoplasia of the canal of Schlemm, poorly developed scierai spur, insertion of the ciliary musculature directly into the trabecular meshwork anterior to the scleral spur, and anterior displacement of the iris root. There was also anomalous dispersion of the sphincter muscle of the iris from the pupillary margin almost to the iris root, and attachment of some ciliary processes to the posterior surface of the iris. A poor clinical response to conventional glaucoma therapy, including trabeculotomy, goniotomy, trabeculectomy and medical therapy, supports the belief that the marked hypoplasia of Schlemm's canal was a mejor factor contributing to the elevated intraocular pressure. Furthermore, the multiplicity of abnormalities of anterior chamber angle structures suggests that some cases of congenital glaucoma may result from an early and extensive disorder in the formation of anterior segment tissues.
The Spectrum in the Morphology of the So-Called "Morning Glory Disc Anomaly"
Authors: Traboulsi Elias I , O'Neill John F 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Eight cases illustrating the different configurations of the morning glory disc anomaly are presented. The spectrum of the appearance is due to variability in excavation of the disc, amount of glial tissue and hyaloid system remnants in the center of the disc, and degree of peripapillary pigmentary changes. There is no correlation between optic disc configuration and visual acuity. This anomaly should be suspected in infants presenting with unilateral retinal detachment.
Accommodation Deficiency in Healthy Young Individuals
Authors: Chrousos Georgia Antonakou , O'Neill John F , Lueth Brian D , Parks Marshall M 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Ten patients, ages 10 to 19, with accommodation insufficiency are reported. All patients were in good health and asymptomatic, except for asthenopia during near visual activities. Each patient's amplitude of accommodation was measured and found to be considerably below the minimal normal for their respective ages (an average of 6 diopters). Only three patients had associated convergence insufficiency. No etiology for the diminished accommodation was suggested fay history or could be identified by careful examination. All patients were successfully managed optically with bifocals or reading glasses, although three required the addition of base-in prisms for the near exodeviation. Near vision testing and determination of the near point of accommodation should be part of the pediatrie ophthalmologic examination in all patients with complaints referable to their reading and visual performance at near.
Wave Form Characteristics of Vertical Oscillations in Longstanding Vision Loss
Authors: Pritchard Cindy , Flynn John T , Smith J Lawton 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Eye movement recordings were collected on ten patients who had monocular vertical oscillations of their eye with longstanding vision loss. Amplitude of the oscillations ranged from 3° to 50°. Frequencies ranged from .12 to 5 cycles/second and were inversely correlated with amplitudes. Three subjects appeared to have two wave forms superposed on one another. Depending on which of these wave forms we use In analysis, there may be a correlation between oscillation amplitude and duration of vision loss. Presence of the two wave forms is discussed in terms of their possible etiologic relationship with the vertical drift phenomenon.
Monocanalicular Lacrimonasal Intubation
Authors: Vila-Coro Antonio Aguirre , Arnoult Jeffrey B , Mazow Malcolm L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A new technique to obtain patency of the lacrimal drainage system was used in three children with bilateral congenital obstruction of the lacrimonasal duct (six cases) and upper canalicular abnormalities (five cases). The upper canalicular abnormalities prevented bicanaliculonasal intubation.
A silicone tube was passed through the lower canaliculus, traversing the lacrimal drainage system and into the nasal fossa. The proximal end of the tube was placed subconjunctival^ in the inferior fornix and secured. The distal end of the tube was passed through the subcartilaginous nasal septum to the contralateral nasal fossa and tied to a tube similarly passed through the opposite lacrimal system.
The procedure was successful in all six cases, with all tubes remaining in place the desired length of time. Postoperative identification and removal of the tubes offered no difficulties and was followed by permanent patency of the lacrimal drainage system in all six cases.
Future Directions in Psychiatric Nursing From the Perspective of History
Authors: Peplau Hildegard E 
Published: April 2021

Hildegard E. Peplau's long and distinguished career as a pioneer in psychiatric nursing continues. Her influence over the thinking in the field can be measured by the great volume of footnote citations and frequent quotes of her work in the new literature. Her sustained mentoring of scores of psychiatric nurse leaders is remarkable as an exercise in dedication and commitment to the profession and to psychiatric clients.
In this issue are featured an historical overview by Or. Peplau and two new articles that reflect the impact of her work.
Dr. Peplau's article was prepared for the 175th Anniversary celebration of McLean Hospital and was delivered on April 26, 1986, as the first Distinguished Scholars in Nursing Lecture. This article is an edited version of that presentation.
Following Peplau's article, "Establishing a Nurse-Client Relationship," discusses Peplau's theory regarding the nurse-client relationship as the crux of the nursing process and its consequent developmental phases.
"Peplau's Theory and Case Management," combines Peplau's interpersonal theory of nursing with a case management model to facilitate a higher level of functioning and quality of life for the psychiatric client.
Ocular Damage After Implantation of Oversized Minus Power Anterior Chamber Intraocular Lenses in Myopic Phakic Eyes: Case Reports
Authors: Saragoussi Jean-Jacques , Othenin-Girard Philippe , Pouliquen Yves J M 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Positioning in the iridocorneal angle is one of the factors determining long-term tolerance of anterior chamber intraocular lenses (IOLs). This problem has again become topical with the use of myopic IOLs with angular supports.
METHODS: The authors describe three eyes illustrating the possible complications resulting from the insertion of oversized minus power anterior chamber implants in myopic phakic eyes.
RESULTS: The complications developed early or late after surgery. They consisted mainly of inflammatory reactions, stable or progressive pupillary deformation, and adherence of the iris to the implant.
CONCLUSIONS: In myopic phakic eyes, the insertion of incorrectly sized IOLs with angular supports may cause complications which have already been reported for anterior chamber implants in aphakic eyes. Haptic flexibility does not always make up for incorrect sizing due to imprecise preoperative evaluation of iridocorneal angle diameter. Refract Corneal Surg. 1993;9:105-109.)
RESUME
INTRODUCTION: Le positionnement dans I'anglo irido-cornéen est un des factures conditionnant la qualité de la tolérance à long terme d'un implant de chambre antérieur. Ce problème est de nouveau d'actualité avec l'utilisation des implants myopiques à support.
METHODES: Les auteurs présentent trois observations illustrant les complications pouvant résulter de la mise en place d'implants de chambre antérieure de puissance négative surdimensionnés dans les yeux phakes myopes.
RÉSULTATS: Les complications observées sont apparues précocemment ou de façon retardée par rapport à l'aete chirrical. Elles ont été essentiellement représentées par des réactions inflammatoires, des déformations pupillaires stables ou évolutives, des adhérences iris-implant.
CONCLUSIONS mise en place d'implants myopiques à supports angulaires surdimensionnés peut entraîner des complications déjà rapportées pour les imlants de chambre antérieure dans les yeux aphakes. La flexibilité des haptiques ne permet pas toujours de compenser les erreurs de taille liées à l'imprécision de l'évaluation peropératoire du diamètre de l'angle irido-cornéen. (Translated by Jean-Jacques Saragoussi, MD, Paris, France.)
SOMMARIO
PREMESSA: Il posizionamento a livello dell'angolo sclero corneale e' uno dei fattori determinanti la tolleranza a lungo termine delle lenti intraoculari impiantate in camera anteriore. Questo problema e' stato riconsiderato con l'utilizzo di lenti intraoculari miopiche a supporto angolare.
METODI: Gli authori illustrano le possibili complicanze derivanti dall'impianto di lenti a basso potere di dimensioni piu'grandi del previsto, in camera anterior in tre occhi miopi fachici.
Lamellar Keratoplasty With Lyophilized Tissue for Treatment of Corneal Scarring
Authors: Tayyib Mohammed , Sandford-Smith John H , Sheard Christine E , Rostron Chad K 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: A pilot study was carried out in Pakistan to assess the feasibility of the use of lathed freeze-dried corneal tissue in the treatment of corneal scarring.
METHOD: Six eyes underwent lamellar keratoplasty and were followed up for 18 months.
RESULTS: Visual improvement was obtained in every eye. In one eye, the procedure was complicated by delayed epithelialization of the graft, but in the remaining five patients, the grafts epithelialized rapidly.
CONCLUSIONS: The use of freeze-dried donor tissue simplifies storage and distribution of corneas and may offer the best hope of treatment in developing countries for patients with corneal scarring. [Refract Corneal Surg 1993;9:140-142.)
Photorefractive Keratectomy for Myopia: Preliminary Results in 147 Eyes
Authors: Machat Jeffery J , Tayfour Fouad 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Excimer photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) was performed on 100 consecutive patients (147 eyes) for the correction of myopia. The follow up period ranged from 3 to 16 months (mean, B). Preoperative myopia ranged from - 1.75 to - 8.75 D (mean -3.90 D).
Patients were divided into three groups for analysis based upon their degree of preoperative myopia: mild (≤-2.90 D)1 moderate (-3.00 to -5.90 D), and severe (≥-6.00 D). Uncorrected visual acuity was 20/40 or better in 88.4% (130/ 147) overall; 97% of mild, 91% of moderate, and 68% of severely myopic patients. Preoperative astigmatism remained the primary cause of reduced uncorrected visual acuity. Postoperatively, 68% of patients overall had a spherical equivalent refraction within ± 1.00 D. The majority of treated corneas had trace (53%) to mild (29%) subepithelial haze. One patient with severe myopia developed significant subepithelial opacification postoperatively with partial regression and loss of one line of best spectacle corrected visual acuity. (Refract Corneal Surg (suppl) 1993;9:S16-S19.)