bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of very low profile thrombectomy device in primary distal medium vessel occlusion, as rescue therapy after incomplete proximal recanalization or following iatrogenic thromboembolic events
Authors: Rikhtegar Reza , Mosimann Pascal John , Weber Ralph , Wallocha Marta , Yamac Elif , Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari Mohammad , Chapot René 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundRecent progress with smaller retrievers has expanded the ability to reach distal brain arteries. We herein report recanalization, bleeding complications and short-term clinical outcomes with the smallest currently known low profile thrombectomy device in patients with primary or secondary distal medium vessel occlusion (DMVO).MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of 115 patients receiving mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in DMVO using the extended Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (eTICI), European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study (ECASS) II classification, The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores at admission and discharge to evaluate outcomes. Patients were stratified into three groups: (1) primary isolated distal occlusion (n=34), (2) secondary distal occlusion after MT of a proximal vessel occlusion (n=71), or (3) during endovascular treatment of aneurysms or arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) (n=10).ResultsSuccessful distal recanalization, defined as an eTICI score of 2b67, 2c and 3, was achieved in 74.7% (86/115) of patients. More specifically, it was 70.5% (24/34), 73.2% (52/71), and 100% (10/10) of primary DMVO, secondary DMVO after proximal MT, and rescue MT during aneurysm or AVM embolization, respectively. Symptomatic intraparenchymal bleeding occurred in 6.9% (eight patients). In-hospital mortality occurred in 18.1% (19/105) of patients with stroke. The most common cause of death was large infarct, old age, and therapy limitation.ConclusionDirect or rescue MT of DMVO using a very low profile thrombectomy device is associated with a high rate of successful recanalization and a reasonable rate of symptomatic hemorrhagic complication, despite a risk of 18.1% hospital mortality in elderly patients. Further trials are needed to confirm our results and assess long-term clinical outcomes.
Association between cumulative exposure to different lipid parameters and risk of newly developed carotid plaque
Authors: Wu Jianwei , Wang Yu , Kang Kaijiang , Wang Anxin , Xu Jie , Zhao Xingquan 
Published: January 2021

Background and purposeBoth the magnitude and cumulative exposure of atherogenic lipoproteins have an impact on the atherosclerosis risk, and the exploration focus has shifted from one single lipoprotein assessment to the cumulative exposure of lipoproteins. We aim to investigate the relationship between cumulative exposure to different lipid parameters and the risk of newly developed carotid plaque in this study.MethodsIn the Asymptomatic Polyvascular Abnormalities Community study, 2947 participants were included with follow-up every 2 years from 2006 to 2012. Lipid parameters including total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) and non-HDLC were measured. Cumulative exposure was calculated by adding the weighted sum of the difference between the measured value and the cut-off value of each parameter. Newly developed carotid plaques were identified by carotid ultrasound performed at the third and fourth follow-ups.ResultsIn the univariate analysis, non-HDLC burden had the highest ORs among the five lipid parameters for newly developed carotid plaque in each quartile, as 1.0 (reference), 1.35 (1.09–1.67), 1.68 (1.36–2.08) and 2.74 (2.22–3.38) from the lowest to the highest quartile. In the multivariate analysis and sensitivity analysis, we obtained similar results.ConclusionsTC burden, TG burden, LDLC burden and non-HDLC burden are all independent risk factors for newly developed carotid plaque, especially for the vulnerable plaques. Among lipid parameters, non-HDLC burden is an optimal predictor. Moreover, the predictive value remained significant for participants under the age of 65 years old or free of hypertension, diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidaemia.
Four lepton production and the accuracy of QED FSR
Authors: Gütschow Christian , Schönherr Marek 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe scrutinise the ability of the primary QED final-state resummation tools, combined with electroweak virtual corrections, to reproduce the exact next-to-leading order electroweak calculation in the four-charged-lepton final state. We further examine the dependence of the findings on the lepton-photon dressing-cone size as well as the resonance identification strategy. Overall we find excellent agreement with the fixed-order result, but partial differences not directly connected with resummation-induced higher-order effects at the few-percent level are observed in some cases, which are relevant for precision measurements.
Hybrid nature of the abnormal solutions of the Bethe–Salpeter equation in the Wick–Cutkosky model
Authors: Carbonell J. , Karmanov V. A. , Sazdjian H. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn the Wick–Cutkosky model, where two scalar massive constituents interact by means of the exchange of a scalar massless particle, the Bethe–Salpeter equation has solutions of two types, called “normal” and “abnormal”. In the non-relativistic limit, the normal solutions correspond to the usual Coulomb spectrum, whereas the abnormal ones do not have non-relativistic counterparts – they are absent in the Schrödinger equation framework. We have studied, in the formalism of the light-front dynamics, the Fock-space content of the abnormal solutions. It turns out that, in contrast to the normal ones, the abnormal states are dominated by the massless exchange particles (by 90 % or more), what provides a natural explanation of their decoupling from the two-body Schrödinger equation. Assuming that one of the massive constituents is charged, we have calculated the electromagnetic elastic form factors of the normal and abnormal states, as well as the transition form factors. The results on form factors confirm the many-body nature of the abnormal states, as found from the Fock-space analysis. The abnormal solutions have thus properties similar to those of hybrid states, made here essentially of two massive constituents and several or many massless exchange particles. They could also be interpreted as the Abelian scalar analogs of the QCD hybrid states. The question of the validity of the ladder approximation of the model is also examined.
Characteristics of human mobility patterns revealed by high-frequency cell-phone position data
Authors: Zhao Chen , Zeng An , Yeung Chi Ho 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHuman mobility is an important characteristic of human behavior, but since tracking personalized position to high temporal and spatial resolution is difficult, most studies on human mobility patterns rely on sparsely sampled position data. In this work, we re-examined human mobility patterns via comprehensive cell-phone position data recorded at a high frequency up to every second. We constructed human mobility networks and found that individuals exhibit origin-dependent, path-preferential patterns in their short time-scale mobility. These behaviors are prominent when the temporal resolution of the data is high, and are thus overlooked in most previous studies. Incorporating measured quantities from our high frequency data into conventional human mobility models shows inconsistent statistical results. We finally revealed that the individual preferential transition mechanism characterized by the first-order Markov process can quantitatively reproduce the observed travel patterns at both individual and population levels at all relevant time-scales.
Clinical Features and Outcomes of Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in China
Authors: Zhang Shangzhu , Li Meng , Zhang Li , Wang Ziqian , Wang Qiang , You Hui , Wang Yanhong , Li Mengtao , Zeng Xiaofeng 
Published: January 2021

Objective. To identify the clinical characteristics, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results, and prognostic factors of neuropsychiatric (NP) systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE; NPSLE) in a relatively large patient series in China. Methods. Data of patients with NPSLE at Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) were collected retrospectively from June 2012 to June 2016. NPSLE patients were compared with 220 non-NPSLE patients. Survival rates were evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier curves, log-rank test, and Cox proportional hazards modeling. Cranial MRI results were also studied. Results. Of the 194 included patients, sixteen subtypes of NPSLE were identified, and the most common manifestations were seizure (36.6%), acute confusional state (25.3%), and cerebral vascular disease (15.5%). Compared with the non-NPSLE group, NPSLE patients were significantly more likely to have typical lupus symptoms, higher Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K) scores (

P
=
0.002

), and positive rate of anti-ribosomal P protein antibodies (

P
=
0.008

). Patients with seizure were more likely to have higher SLEDAI-2K scores and positive anti-β2GP1 than non-NPSLE patients. Sixteen patients died during follow-up. The most common cause of death was infection (37.5%). NPSLE significantly decreased survival rates of SLE patients. Patients with elevated serum creatinine (

P
=
0.001

), hypocomplementemia (

P
=
0.031

), and

SLEDAI
−
2
K

scores
≥
15

(

P
=
0.014

) had shorter survival periods. Eighty-two patients underwent detailed cranial MRI analysis; of these, 50 (61.0%) had abnormal results. Small vessel disease was the most common abnormal finding, followed by inflammatory-like lesions and large vessel disease. Conclusions. High disease activity and positive rate of anti-ribosomal P protein antibodies may be risk factors for NPSLE. NPSLE decreases survival rates of SLE patients. Renal insufficiency and high disease activity are predictive of poor prognoses for NPSLE patients.
Utilization of Thromboelastogram and Inflammatory Markers in the Management of Hypercoagulable State in Patients with COVID-19 Requiring ECMO Support
Authors: Smolarz Angela , McCarthy Paul , Shmookler Aaron , Badhwar Vinay , Hayanga Awori J. , Sakhuja Ankit 
Published: January 2021

The role of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in the management of critically ill patients with COVID-19 is evolving. Extracorporeal support independently confers an increased predilection for thrombosis, which can be exacerbated by COVID-19-associated coagulopathy. We present the successful management of a hypercoagulable state in two patients who required venovenous ECMO for the treatment of COVID-19. This included monitoring inflammatory markers (D-dimer and fibrinogen), performing a series of therapeutic plasma exchange procedures, and administering high-intensity anticoagulation therapy and thromboelastography- (TEG-) guided antiplatelet therapy. TPE was performed to achieve goal D-dimer less than 3000 ng/mL D-dimer units (

N
≤
232

ng
/
mL

D-dimer units) and goal fibrinogen less than 600 mg/dL (

N
=
200

-400 mg/dL). These therapies resulted in improved TEG parameters and normalized inflammatory markers. Patients were decannulated after 37 days and 21 days, respectively. Post-ECMO duplex ultrasound of the upper and lower extremities and cannulation sites revealed a nonsignificant deep venous thrombosis at the site of femoral cannulation in patient 2 and no deep venous thrombosis in patient 1. The results of this case report show successful management of a hypercoagulable state among COVID-19 patients requiring ECMO support by utilization of inflammatory markers and TEG.
Sex Differences in Ischemic and Bleeding Outcomes in Patients With Non–ST-Segment–Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Dillinger Jean-Guillaume , Ducrocq Gregory , Elbez Yedid , Cohen Marc , Bode Christoph , Pollack Charles , Petrauskiene Birute , Henry Patrick , Dorobantu Maria , French William J. , Wiviott Stephen D. , Sabatine Marc S. , Mehta Shamir R. , Steg Philippe Gabriel 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Previous studies have observed poorer outcomes in females with myocardial infarction, but older age and lower use of percutaneous coronary intervention in females are factors that potentially explain the worse outcome. This study sought to determine if female sex is an independent factor of ischemic and bleeding outcomes in non–ST-segment–elevation acute coronary syndrome treated with a systematic invasive approach.

Methods:
The TAO trial (Treatment of Acute Coronary Syndrome With Otamixaban) randomized patients with non–ST-segment–elevation acute coronary syndrome treated invasively to heparin plus eptifibatide versus otamixaban. In this post hoc analysis, the primary ischemic end point (all-cause death, myocardial infarction within 180 days) and the primary safety end point (Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction major or minor bleeding within 30 days) were analyzed according to sex.

Results:
Of 13 229 randomized patients, 3980 (30.1%) were females and 9249 (69.9%) were males. Females were older (64.8±11.0 versus 60.7±11.1 years), had more comorbidities, received less peri-procedural antithrombotic therapy, and underwent less frequently revascularization. Overall, females experienced a higher risk of ischemic (10.2% versus 9.1%; odds ratio [OR], 1.15 [1.01–1.30]) and bleeding events (4.2% versus 3.4%; OR, 1.23 [1.02–1.49]) than males. After multivariate analysis, the risk of ischemic outcomes (OR, 1.04 [0.90–1.19]), death (OR, 1.00 [0.75–1.23]), or bleeding (OR, 1.05 [0.85–1.28]), were similar between females and males. Only, noncoronary artery bypass graft related Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction major bleeding were increased in females (OR, 1.69 [1.11–2.56]).

Conclusions:
In patients with non–ST-segment–elevation acute coronary syndrome with systematic invasive management, ischemic outcomes, bleeding events, and mortality were higher in females. After multivariate analyses, female sex was not an independent predictor of ischemic and bleeding events although noncoronary artery bypass graft related Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction major bleeding was higher in females.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01076764.
Isolevuglandin-Modified Cardiac Proteins Drive CD4+ T-Cell Activation in the Heart and Promote Cardiac Dysfunction
Authors: Ngwenyama Njabulo , Kirabo Annet , Aronovitz Mark , Velázquez Francisco , Carrillo-Salinas Francisco , Salvador Ane M. , Nevers Tania , Amarnath Venkataraman , Tai Albert , Blanton Robert M. , Harrison David G. , Alcaide Pilar 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Despite the well-established association between T-cell–mediated inflammation and nonischemic heart failure, the specific mechanisms triggering T-cell activation during the progression of heart failure and the antigens involved are poorly understood. We hypothesized that myocardial oxidative stress induces the formation of isolevuglandin (IsoLG)–modified proteins that function as cardiac neoantigens to elicit CD4+ T-cell receptor (TCR) activation and promote heart failure.

Methods:

We used transverse aortic constriction in mice to trigger myocardial oxidative stress and T-cell infiltration. We profiled the TCR repertoire by mRNA sequencing of intramyocardial activated CD4+ T cells in Nur77
GFP
reporter mice, which transiently express GFP on TCR engagement. We assessed the role of antigen presentation and TCR specificity in the development of cardiac dysfunction using antigen presentation–deficient
MhcII
−/−
mice and TCR transgenic OTII mice that lack specificity for endogenous antigens. We detected IsoLG protein adducts in failing human hearts. We also evaluated the role of reactive oxygen species and IsoLGs in eliciting T-cell immune responses in vivo by treating mice with the antioxidant TEMPOL and the IsoLG scavenger 2-hydroxybenzylamine during transverse aortic constriction, and ex vivo in mechanistic studies of CD4+ T-cell proliferation in response to IsoLG-modified cardiac proteins.

Results:

We discovered that TCR antigen recognition increases in the left ventricle as cardiac dysfunction progresses and identified a limited repertoire of activated CD4+ T-cell clonotypes in the left ventricle. Antigen presentation of endogenous antigens was required to develop cardiac dysfunction because
MhcII
−/−
mice reconstituted with CD4+ T cells and OTII mice immunized with their cognate antigen were protected from transverse aortic constriction–induced cardiac dysfunction despite the presence of left ventricle–infiltrated CD4+ T cells. Scavenging IsoLGs with 2-hydroxybenzylamine reduced TCR activation and prevented cardiac dysfunction. Mechanistically, cardiac pressure overload resulted in reactive oxygen species–dependent dendritic cell accumulation of IsoLG protein adducts, which induced robust CD4+ T-cell proliferation.

Conclusions:
Our study demonstrates an important role of reactive oxygen species–induced formation of IsoLG-modified cardiac neoantigens that lead to TCR-dependent CD4+ T-cell activation within the heart.
An Examination of Test Score Trajectories Around School Switching Due to Grade Configuration
Authors: DiSalvo Richard W. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Do grade configurations affect student academic performance? To bring new evidence to this question, I use recent district-by-grade data for nearly the entire United States that contain measures of test score achievement and rates of school switching induced by grade configuration. Past research has found that student performance, is, on average, relatively low following switches due to grade configuration, but in fact students perform relatively better in the grades just prior to these switches. In the national data, I find that this so-called top dog/bottom dog pattern appears for all terminal grade choices among grades 3 through 8, is geographically widespread, and is robust to controlling for grade-specific effects of a rich set of covariates. Thus, I establish that the top dog/bottom dog pattern is a very pervasive phenomenon in American education. I explore potential mechanisms and discuss policy and research implications.
The Effects of Financial Aid Loss on Persistence and Graduation: A Multi-Dimensional Regression Discontinuity Approach
Authors: Jones Todd R. , Kreisman Daniel , Rubenstein Ross , Searcy Cynthia , Bhatt Rachana 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFor years Georgia's HOPE Scholarship program provided full tuition scholarships to high-achieving students. State budgetary shortfalls reduced its generosity in 2011. Under the new rules, only students meeting more rigorous merit-based criteria would retain the original scholarship covering full tuition, now called the Zell Miller Scholarship, with other students seeing aid reductions of approximately 15 percent. We exploit the fact that two of the criteria were high school grade point average and SAT/ACT score, which students could not manipulate when the change took place. We compare already-enrolled students just above and below these cutoffs, making use of advances in multi-dimensional regression discontinuity, to estimate effects of partial aid loss. We show that, after the changes, aid flowed disproportionately to wealthier students and find no evidence that the financial aid reduction affected persistence or graduation for these students. The results suggest that high-achieving students, particularly those already in college, may be less price-sensitive than their peers.
A Wallachian Boyar in Emperor Joseph II’s Court
Authors: Vintilă-Ghiţulescu Constanţa 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The article explores the intricacies of eighteenth-century cultural mediation through the eyes of Ianache Văcărescu, a high-ranking Wallachian boyar and a man of letters, entrusted in 1782 with the sensitive task of bringing the fugitive sons of the incumbent Wallachian ruler back from the Habsburg court in Vienna. Analyzing Văcărescu’s account of the mission, I examine the nexus of luxury consumption, court civility, and social distinction, and the ways they were experienced and constructed the differences between European and Ottoman elite civility and cultural boundaries. In composing The History of the Most Powerful Ottoman Emperors, Ianache Văcărescu offered details about his place in a diplomatic network which spread across the Ottoman Empire and Central Europe.
Arguing the Right to a Safe Climate under the UN Human Rights System
Authors: Jegede Ademola Oluborode 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The link between climate change and human rights is being made under the instruments as well as charter and treaty bodies constituting the United Nations (UN) human rights system. Despite the efforts, the right to a safe climate does not exist under the UN human rights system. Based on the vulnerability of human populations and the essential compliance with yardsticks for a new human right, the article argues for the creation of the right to a safe climate and advances two approaches by which it can be achieved under the UN human rights system.
Connecting the Right of Collective Legal Capacity by Indigenous Peoples with the Right of Individual Legal Capacity by Persons with Disabilities
Authors: Smith Matthew S , Stein Michael Ashley 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This Article explores the juridical implications of indigenous peoples’ right to legal capacity in the Inter-American system for cases involving the same right of persons with disabilities within that system and beyond. It explicates the Inter-American Court of Human Rights’ (IACtHR) three-factor test in Saramaka People v Suriname and analogizes its reasoning with rationales underpinning the right to legal capacity under the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (crpd). It then demonstrates how the IACtHR can apply a Saramaka-style test to future cases brought by persons with disabilities challenging legal capacity restrictions. The Article further argues that the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) should also apply this rule to align its legal capacity jurisprudence with the crpd’s mandates. Finally, it suggests that the Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (crpd Committee) ought to consider this rule when resolving individual communications and thereby guide courts.
The Protection of Non-nationals’ Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in un Human Rights Treaties
Authors: Lougarre Claire 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The decade of austerity policies resulting from the 2008 economic crisis significantly impeded the realisation of economic, social and cultural (esc) rights worldwide, especially for non-nationals who became targets of populist nationalist ideologies. The Coronavirus disease (covid-19) pandemic and its subsequent recession have heightened existing levels of inequalities, putting non-nationals’ access to health, housing, food, water and work under unprecedented strains. It is thus, crucial to analyse the extent to which un human rights treaties recognise non-nationals’ esc rights, in order to assess their ability to offer protection in this context. This article sheds light on the ambiguities of key un human rights treaties in this regard. It then analyses the attempts of relevant un treaty bodies to circumvent such issues; and finally suggests legal paths allowing un treaty bodies to further assert their protection of non-nationals’ esc rights during the covid-19 pandemic.