bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Performance of Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and 18F-Fluorocholine PET to Differentiate Benign From Malignant Breast Lesions
Authors: Wu Li-An , Yen Ruoh-Fang , Shih Tiffany Ting-Fang , Chen Kuan-Lin , Wang Jane 
Published: September 2021

Purpose
The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and 18F-fluorocholine (FCH) PET for suspicious breast findings on conventional imaging (mammography and breast ultrasound).

Methods
From September 2012 to December 2015, 37 women with 39 breast lesions on conventional imaging were enrolled and underwent proton MRS and FCH PET. The MRS parameters of choline signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), choline integral (I(cho)), and the PET parameters including SUVmax in the prone (SUV1) and supine (SUV2) positions were analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic curves with the area under the curve, sensitivity, and specificity under the optimal cutoff points for the different parameters were determined.

Results
Twenty-three lesions (59%) were malignant, and 16 (41.0%) were benign. The malignant lesions tended to show significantly higher MRS and PET parameters than benign lesions (choline SNR, P = 0.007; I(cho), P = 0.003; SUV1 and SUV2, P < 0.0001). Fair to moderate correlations were noted between the choline SNR and PET parameters (SUV1, Spearman rank correlation coefficient, ρ = 0.477; SUV2, ρ = 0.483), as well as I(cho) and PET parameters (SUV1, ρ = 0.493; SUV2, ρ = 0.549). The SUV2 showed the highest diagnostic performance (area under the curve, 0.918). Using 2.5 as the optimal cutoff point, the SUV2 yields 89.5% sensitivity and 87.5% specificity for differentiating malignant from benign lesions.

Conclusion
The MRS parameters were fairly to moderately correlated with FCH PET parameters, and both could differentiate malignant from benign breast lesions with SUV2 showing best diagnostic performance.
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis in FET PET/MR
Authors: Lohaus Niklas , Mader Cäcilia , Jelcic Ilijas , Reimann Regina , Huellner Martin W. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
After 3 weeks of daily headache, a 28-year-old, otherwise healthy woman was admitted to the emergency department with a first-time generalized seizure. CT showed a left frontal mass with perifocal edema. Brain MRI raised the suspicion of cerebral lymphoma. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed mononuclear pleocytosis of 14 cells/μL without malignant cells, normal protein levels, and absence of oligoclonal bands. FET PET/MRI of the lesion showed FET characteristics of inflammatory disease, and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis was suggested as diagnosis. Final histopathological results from brain biopsy confirmed acute disseminated encephalomyelitis.
An Incidental Uptake of 18F-Choline in Paraganglioma
Authors: Castello Angelo , Zuccotti Giulia , Bonatto Elena , Florimonte Luigia , Castellani Massimo 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We present a case of carotid glomus paraganglioma incidentally detected using 18F-choline PET/CT in a 63-year-old man with prostate cancer. 18F-choline PET/CT scan demonstrated a small area of 18F-choline uptake (SUVmax, 2.3) in the right parapharyngeal space of the neck, later diagnosed as paraganglioma with low proliferation index. 18F-choline PET/CT may represent a valid alternative for studying paraganglioma when either 18F-DOPA or 68Ga-SSA are not available.
FDG PET/CT of Primary Ewing Sarcoma of the Peritoneum
Authors: Jiang Chengzhi , Peng Xiang , Ye Hui , Zhang Yanyin , Zheng Kai 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (ES), which is described as diffuse endothelioma of the bone, is divided into osseous and extraosseous ES mostly affecting children and adolescents. In addition, ES of the peritoneum is rare. We present a case of a 46-year-old man with ES of the peritoneum in whom FDG PET/CT showed high radiotracer activity in the primary tumor.
Subclinical Hypothyroidism After 225Ac-DOTATATE Therapy in a Case of Metastatic Neuroendocrine Tumor
Authors: Kavanal Anwin Joseph , Satapathy Swayamjeet , Sood Ashwani , Khosla Divya , Mittal Bhagwant Rai 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Radiation-induced thyroid dysfunction is very rarely associated with peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) for neuroendocrine tumors using β-emitting radionuclides. With the emergence of α radionuclide such as 225Ac, PRRT using these radionuclides has shown better results; however, data on the toxicity profile are limited. This is a case report describing the thyroid dysfunction developed in a patient with inoperable metastatic neuroendocrine tumor with unknown primary after PRRT using 225Ac-DOTATATE, which has never been reported previously.
68Ga-Exendin-4 PET/CT Differentiates Insulinoma From Accessory Spleen in a Patient Presenting Indeterminate MRI and 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT Findings
Authors: Pang Yizhen , Meng Tinghua , Shang Qihang , Chen Zheng , Chen Haojun 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A 55-year-old woman with endogenous hyperinsulinemia hypoglycemia was clinically diagnosed with insulinoma. Contrast-enhanced MRI revealed an inconclusive hypointense lesion in the pancreatic tail, and the enhancement pattern does not support the diagnosis of insulinoma. 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT showed intense radioactivity in this nodule, similar to the radioactivity of the adjacent spleen. Therefore, the diagnosis of accessory spleen cannot be excluded. Follow-up with 68Ga-exendin-4 PET/CT also showed intense uptake in this nodule, but no significant uptake in the spleen was observed at this time. Therefore, the insulinoma was unmasked from the spleen, excluding the diagnosis of accessory spleen, and allowing curative surgery.
Pyruvate-Driven Oxidative Phosphorylation is Downregulated in Sepsis-Induced Cardiomyopathy: A Study of Mitochondrial Proteome
Authors: Shimada Briana K. , Boyman Liron , Huang Weiliang , Zhu Jing , Yang Yang , Chen Fengqian , Kane Maureen A. , Yadava Nagendra , Zou Lin , Lederer W. Jonathan , Polster Brian M. , Chao Wei 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT

Background:
Sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy (SIC) is a major contributing factor for morbidity and mortality in sepsis. Accumulative evidence has suggested that cardiac mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is attenuated in sepsis, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood.

Methods:
Adult male mice of 9 to 12 weeks old were subjected to sham or cecal ligation and puncture procedure. Echocardiography in vivo and Langendorff-perfused hearts were used to assess cardiac function 24 h after the procedures. Unbiased proteomics analysis was performed to profile mitochondrial proteins in the hearts of both sham and SIC mice. Seahorse respirator technology was used to evaluate oxygen consumption in purified mitochondria.

Results:
Of the 665 mitochondrial proteins identified in the proteomics assay, 35 were altered in septic mice. The mitochondrial remodeling involved various energy metabolism pathways including subunits of the electron transport chain, fatty acid catabolism, and carbohydrate oxidative metabolism. We also identified a significant increase of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) kinase 4 (PDK4) and inhibition of PDH activity in septic hearts. Furthermore, compared to sham mice, mitochondrial oxygen consumption of septic mice was significantly reduced when pyruvate was provided as a substrate. However, it was unchanged when PDH was bypassed by directly supplying the Complex I substrate NADH, or by using the Complex II substrate succinate, or using Complex IV substrate, or by providing the beta-oxidation substrate palmitoylcarnitine, neither of which require PDH for mitochondrial oxygen consumption.

Conclusions:
These data demonstrate a broad mitochondrial protein remodeling, PDH inactivation and impaired pyruvate-fueled oxidative phosphorylation during SIC, and provide a molecular framework for further exploration.
Cell graph neural networks enable the digital staging of tumor microenvironment and precise prediction of patient survival in gastric cancer
Authors: Wang Yanan , Wang Yu Guang , Hu Changyuan , Li Ming , Fan Yanan , Otter Nina , Sam Ikuan , Gou Hongquan , Hu Yiqun , Kwok Terry , Zalcberg John , Boussioutas Alex , Daly Roger J. , Montúfar Guido , Liò Pietro , Xu Dakang , Webb Geoffrey I. , Song Jiangning 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTGastric cancer is one of the deadliest cancers worldwide. Accurate prognosis is essential for effective clinical assessment and treatment. Spatial patterns in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are conceptually indicative of the staging and progression of gastric cancer patients. Using spatial patterns of the TME by integrating and transforming the multiplexed immunohistochemistry (mIHC) images as Cell-Graphs, we propose a novel graph neural network-based approach, termed Cell-Graph Signature or CGSignature, powered by artificial intelligence, for digital staging of TME and precise prediction of patient survival in gastric cancer. In this study, patient survival prediction is formulated as either a binary (short-term and long-term) or ternary (short-term, medium-term, and long-term) classification task. Extensive benchmarking experiments demonstrate that the CGSignature achieves outstanding model performance, with Area Under the Receiver-Operating Characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.960±0.01, and 0.771±0.024 to 0.904±0.012 for the binary- and ternary-classification, respectively. Moreover, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicates that the ‘digital-grade’ cancer staging produced by CGSignature provides a remarkable capability in discriminating both binary and ternary classes with statistical significance (p-value < 0.0001), significantly outperforming the AJCC 8th edition Tumor-Node-Metastasis staging system. Using Cell-Graphs extracted from mIHC images, CGSignature improves the assessment of the link between the TME spatial patterns and patient prognosis. Our study suggests the feasibility and benefits of such artificial intelligence-powered digital staging system in diagnostic pathology and precision oncology.
Abnormal Functional Network Topology and its Dynamics during Sustained Attention Processing Significantly Implicate Post-TBI Attention Deficits in Children
Authors: Cao Meng , Halperin Jeffrey M. , Li Xiaobo 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is highly prevalent in children. Attention deficits are among the most common and persistent post-TBI cognitive and behavioral sequalae that can contribute to adverse outcomes. This study investigated the topological properties of the functional brain network for sustained attention processing and their dynamics in 42 children with severe post-TBI attention deficits (TBI-A) and 47 matched healthy controls. Functional MRI (fMRI) data during a block-designed sustained attention task was collected for each subject, with each full task block further divided into the pre-, early-, late-, and post-stimulation stages. The task-related functional brain network was constructed using the graph theoretic technique. Then the sliding-window-based method was utilized to assess the dynamics of the topological properties in each stimulation stage. The results showed that relative to the matched controls, children with TBI-A had significantly reduced nodal efficiency and/or degree of left postcentral, inferior parietal, inferior temporal, and fusiform gyri and their decreased stability during the early- and late-stimulation stages. The left postcentral inferior parietal network anomalies were found to be significantly associated with elevated inattentive symptoms in children with TBI-A. These results suggest that abnormal functional network characteristics and their dynamics associated with left parietal lobe may significantly link to the onset of the severe post-TBI attention deficits in children.
Unstable periodic orbits are faithful biomarker for the onset of epileptic seizure
Authors: Pal Mayukha , Bhattacherjee Sree , Panigrahi Prasanta K. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEEG signals of healthy individuals and epileptic patients, when treated as time series of evolving dynamical systems, are found to display characteristic differences in the behavior of the unstable periodic orbits (UPO), marking the transition from regular periodic variations to self-similar dynamics. The UPO, manifesting as broad resonances in the Fourier power spectra, are quite prominent in their presence in the normal signals and are either absent or considerably weakened with a shift towards lower frequency in the epileptic condition. The weighted average and visibility power computed for the UPO region are found to distinguish epileptic seizure from healthy individuals’ EEG. Remarkably, the unstable periodic motion for healthy ones is well described by damped harmonic motion, the orbits displaying smooth dynamics. In contrast, the epileptic cases show bi-stability and piecewise linear motion for the larger orbits, exhibiting large sudden jumps in the ‘velocity’ (referred to the rate of change of the EEG potentials), characteristically different from the healthy cases, highlighting the efficacy of the UPO as biomarkers. For both the regions, 8-14Hz UPO and 40-45Hz resonance, we used data driven analysis to derive the system dynamics in terms of sinusoidal functions, which reveal the presence of higher harmonics, confirming nonlinearity of the underlying system and leading to quantification of the discernible differences between the healthy and epileptic patients. The gamma wave region in the 40-45Hz range, connecting the conscious and the unconscious states of the brain, reveals well-structured coherence phenomena, in addition to the prominent resonance, which potentially can be used as a biomarker for the epileptic seizure. The wavelet scalogram analysis for both UPO and 40-45Hz region also clearly differentiates the healthy condition from epileptic seizure, confirming the above dynamical picture, depicting the higher harmonic generation, and intermixing of different modes in these two regions of interest.SignificanceUnstable periodic orbits are demonstrated as faithful biomarkers for detecting seizure, being prominently present in the Fourier power spectra of the EEG signals of the healthy individuals and either being absent or significantly suppressed for the epileptic cases, showing distinctly different behavior for the unstable orbits, in the two cases. A phase space study, with EEG potential and its rate of change as coordinate and corresponding velocity, clearly delineates the dynamics in healthy and diseased individuals, demonstrating the absence or weakening of UPO, that can be a reliable bio-signature for the epileptic seizure. The phase-space analysis in the gamma region also shows specific signatures in the form of coherent oscillations and higher harmonic generation, further confirmed through wavelet analysis.
Fission stories: Using PomBase to understand Schizosaccharomyces pombe biology
Authors: Harris Midori A. , Rutherford Kim M. , Hayles Jacqueline , Lock Antonia , Bähler Jürg , Oliver Stephen G. , Mata Juan , Wood Valerie 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPomBase (www.pombase.org), the model organism database (MOD) for the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, supports research within and beyond the S. pombe community by integrating and presenting genetic, molecular, and cell biological knowledge into intuitive displays and comprehensive data collections. With new content, novel query capabilities, and biologist-friendly data summaries and visualisation, PomBase also drives innovation in the MOD community.
ACE-Neuro: A Tailored Exercise Oncology Program for Neuro-Oncology Patients – Study Protocol
Authors: Daun Julia T. , Capozzi Lauren C. , Urgoiti Gloria Roldan , McDonough Meghan H. , Easaw Jacob C. , McNeely Margaret , Francis George J. , Williamson Tanya , Danyluk Jessica , McLaughlin Emma , Ospina Paula A. , de Guzman Wilding Marie , Radke Lori , Driga Amy , Lesiuk Christine , Culos-Reed S. Nicole 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatients with primary brain tumours lack access to exercise oncology and wellness resources. The purpose of the Alberta Cancer Exercise – Neuro-Oncology (ACE-Neuro) study is to assess the feasibility of a tailored neuro-oncology exercise program for patients across Alberta, Canada. The primary outcome is to assess the feasibility of ACE-Neuro. The secondary outcome is to examine preliminary effectiveness of ACE-Neuro on patient-reported outcomes and functional fitness.MethodsNeuro-oncology patients with a malignant or benign primary brain tumour that are pre, on, or completed treatment, are >18 years, and able to consent in English are eligible to participate in the study. Following referral from the clinical team to cancer rehabilitation and the study team, participants are triaged to determine their appropriateness for ACE-Neuro or other cancer rehabilitation or physiatry resources. In ACE-Neuro, participants complete a tailored 12-week exercise program with pre-post assessments of patient-reported outcomes, functional fitness, and physical activity. ACE-Neuro includes individual and group-based exercise sessions, as well as health coaching.ConclusionWe are supporting ACE-Neuro implementation into clinical cancer care, with assessment of needs enabling a tailored exercise prescription.
Remotely detected plant function in two midwestern prairie grassland experiments reveals belowground processes
Authors: Cavender-Bares Jeannine M. , Schweiger Anna K. , Gamon John A. , Gholizadeh Hamed , Helzer Kimberly , Lapadat Cathleen , Madritch Michael D. , Townsend Philip A. , Wang Zhihui , Hobbie Sarah E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractImaging spectroscopy provides the opportunity to incorporate leaf and canopy optical data into ecological studies, but the extent to which remote sensing of vegetation can enhance the study of belowground processes is not well understood. In grassland systems, aboveground and belowground vegetation quantity and quality are coupled, and both influence belowground microbial processes and nutrient cycling, providing a potential link between remote sensing and belowground processes. We hypothesized that ecosystem productivity, and the chemical, structural and phylogenetic-functional composition of plant communities would be detectable with remote sensing and could be used to characterize belowground plant and soil processes in two grassland biodiversity experiments—the BioDIV experiment at Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve in Minnesota and the Wood River Nature Conservancy experiment in Nebraska. Specifically, we tested whether aboveground vegetation chemistry and productivity, as detected from airborne sensors, predict soil properties microbial processes and community composition. Imaging spectroscopy data were used to map aboveground biomass and green vegetation cover, functional traits and phylogenetic-functional community composition of vegetation. We examined the relationships between the image-derived variables and soil carbon and nitrogen concentration, microbial community composition, biomass and extracellular enzyme activity, and soil processes, including net nitrogen mineralization. In the BioDIV experiment—which has low overall diversity and productivity despite high variation in each—belowground processes were driven mainly by variation in the amount of organic matter inputs to soils. As a consequence, soil respiration, microbial biomass and enzyme activity, and fungal and bacterial composition and diversity were significantly predicted by remotely sensed vegetation cover. In contrast, at Wood River, where plant diversity and productivity were consistently higher, remotely sensed functional, chemical and phylogenetic composition of vegetation predicted belowground extracellular enzyme activity, microbial biomass, and net nitrogen mineralization rates, while aboveground biomass did not. The strong, contrasting associations between the quantity and chemistry of aboveground inputs with belowground soil processes and properties provide a basis for using imaging spectroscopy to understand belowground processes across productivity gradients in grassland systems. However, a mechanistic understanding of how above and belowground components interact among different ecosystems remains critical to extending these results broadly.
Biparental age effects in the burying beetle Nicrophorus vespilloides
Authors: Cope Hilary , Ivimey-Cook Edward , Moorad Jacob 
Published: September 2021

AbstractParental age at reproduction influences offspring size and survival by affecting prenatal and postnatal conditions in a wide variety of species, including humans. However, most investigations into this manifestation of ageing focus upon maternal age effects; the effects of paternal age and interactions between maternal and paternal age are often neglected. Furthermore, even when maternal age effects are studied, pre- and postnatal effects are confounded. Using a cross-fostered experimental design, we investigated the joint effects of paternal and pre- and postnatal maternal ages on numerous offspring outcomes in a laboratory population of a species of burying beetle, Nicrophorus vespilloides. When we correct our tests for significance for multiple comparisons, we found no clear evidence for any parental effect senescence acting on egg size, larval weight, or larval survival. Nor did we find a statistical effect of paternal or egg producer age on the outcomes of foster mothers as measured by weight change experienced during caregiving. These findings are consistent with recent negative results reported in a similar study of N. vespilloides maternal age effects while also expanding these to other offspring traits and to paternal age effects. We discuss how the peculiar life history of this species may promote selection to resist the evolution of parental age effects, and how this might have influenced our ability to detect senescence.
Functional characterization of the biogenic amine transporter system on human macrophages
Authors: Mackie Phillip M , Gopinath Adithya , Montas Dominic M , Nielsen Alyssa , Nolan Rachel , Runner Kaitlyn , Matt Stephanie , McNamee John , Riklan Joshua , Adachi Kengo , Doty Andria , Ramirez-Zamora Adolfo , Yan Long , Gaskill Peter J , Streit Wolfgang J , Okun Michael S , Khoshbouei Habibeh 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMonocyte-derived macrophages are key players in tissue homeostasis and disease regulated by a variety of signaling molecules. Recent literature has highlighted the ability for biogenic amines to regulate macrophage functions, but the mechanisms governing biogenic amine signaling on and around immune cells remains nebulous. In the central nervous system, biogenic amine transporters are regarded as the master regulators of neurotransmitter signaling. While we and others have shown macrophages express these transporters, relatively little is known of their function on these cells. To address these knowledge gaps, we interrogated the function of norepinephrine (NET) and dopamine (DAT) transporters on human monocyte-derived macrophages. We found that both NET and DAT are present and can uptake substrate from the extracellular space at baseline. Not only was DAT expressed in cultured macrophages, but it was also detected in a subset of intestinal macrophages in situ. Surprisingly, we discovered a NET-independent, DAT-mediated immuno-modulatory mechanism in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS induced reverse transport of dopamine through DAT, engaging autocrine/paracrine signaling loop that regulated the macrophage response. Removing this signaling loop enhanced the pro-inflammatory response to LPS. Finally, we found that this DAT-immune axis was disrupted in disease. Collectively, our data introduce a novel role for DAT in the regulation of innate immunity during health and disease.