bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physicochemical Properties and Structural Dynamics of Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite [NH3(CH2)3NH3]ZnX4 (X=Cl and Br) Crystals
Authors: Lim Ae Ran , Kim Sun Ha , Joo Yong Lak 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The physical properties of the organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite crystals having the formula [NH3(CH2)3NH3]ZnX4 (X=Cl and Br) were investigated. The phase transition temperatures (TC; 268 K for Cl and 272 K for Br) of the two crystals bearing different halogen atoms in their skeletons were determined through differential scanning calorimetry. The thermodynamic properties of the two crystals were investigated through thermogravimetric analysis. The structural dynamics, particularly the role of the [NH3(CH2)3NH3] cation, were probed through 1H and 13C magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy as a function of temperature. The 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts did not show any changes near TC. In addition, the 1H spin-lattice relaxation time (T1ρ) varied with temperature, whereas the 13C T1ρ values remained nearly constant at different temperatures. The T1ρ values of the atoms in [NH3(CH2)3NH3]ZnCl4 were higher than those in [NH3(CH2)3NH3]ZnBr4. The observed differences in the structural dynamics obtained from the chemical shifts and T1ρ values of the two compounds can be attributed to the differences in the bond lengths and halogen atoms. These findings can provide important insights or potential applications of these crystals.
Drought Impact on Carbon Assimilation of A Zelkova Serrata Plantation
Authors: Chen Chung-I , Wang Ya-Nan , Lin Heng-Hsun , Wang Ching-Wen , Yu Jui-Chu , Chen Yung-Chih 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: As anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions intensify global climate change, plantations have become an important tool to mitigate atmospheric CO2. Our aim in this study was to estimate carbon assimilation and clarify the impact of environmental factors on the photosynthesis of Zelkova serrata, an important plantation species, which extensively planted in low altitude of East Asia.Results: We measured monthly gas exchange parameters and leaf area to estimate carbon assimilation. The results showed that gas exchange was significantly affected by vapor pressure deficit and temperature, especially in the dry season, and both photosynthetic rate and carbon assimilation decreased. However, drought led to lower daytime assimilation and higher night-time respiration, which caused a 43% decrease in carbon assimilation. Additionally, the poor site quality and environmental stress may impact the growth and carbon assimilation of this species.Conclusions: Z. serrata may not be suitable for planting in a tropical monsoon climate area. Therefore, the effects of extreme weather on the forest carbon budget may be stronger in the future. Leaf area showed seasonal variation and serious defoliation caused by a typhoon in the summer. The monthly leaf assimilation rate was 0.88–4.17 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1, which was estimated to assimilate 3.50 Mg C ha-1 yr-1 in the study area.
Cordycepin Confers long-term neuroprotection via inhibiting neutrophil infiltration and neuroinflammation after traumatic brain injury
Authors: Wei Pengju , Huang Yichen , Luo Chen , Misilimu Dilidaer , Wen Huimei , Jin Peng , Li Chuhua , Zhang Wenting , Gong Ye , Gao Yanqin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) secondary injury, especially white matter injury (WMI), is highly sensitive to neuroinflammation, which further leads to unfavored long-term outcomes. Although the cross-talk between the three active events, immune cell infiltration, BBB breakdown, and proinflammatory microglial/macrophage polarization, play a role in the vicious cycle, its mechanisms are not fully understood. It has been reported that cordycepin, an extract from cordyceps militaris, can inhibit TBI-induced neuroinflammation although the long-term effects of cordycepin remain unknown. Here, we report our investigation of cordycepin’s long-term neuroprotective function and its underlying immunological mechanism.
Methods

TBI mice model was established with a controlled cortical impact (CCI) method. Cordycepin was intraperitoneally administered twice daily for a week. Neurological outcomes were assessed by behavioral tests, including grid walking test, cylinder test, wire hang test, and rotarod test. Immunofluorescence staining, transmission electron microscopy, and electrophysiology recording were employed to assess histological and functional lesions. Quantitative-PCR and flow cytometry were used to detect neuroinflammation. The tracers of Sulfo-NHS-biotin and Evans blue were assessed for the Blood-brain barrier (BBB) leakage. Western blot and gelatin zymography were used to analyze protein activity or expression. Neutrophil depletion in vivo was performed via using Ly6G antibody intraperitoneal injection.
Results

Cordycepin administration ameliorated long-term neurological deficits and reduced neuronal tissue loss in TBI mice. Meanwhile, the long-term integrity of white matter was also preserved, which was revealed in multiple dimensions, such as morphology, histology, ultrastructure, and electrical conductivity. Cordycepin administration inhibited microglia/macrophage pro-inflammatory polarization and promoted anti-inflammatory polarization after TBI. BBB breach was attenuated by cordycepin administration at 3d after TBI. Cordycepin suppressed the activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and the neutrophil infiltration at 3d after TBI. Moreover, neutrophil depletion provided a cordycepin-like effect, and cordycepin administration united with neutrophil depletion didn’t show a benefit of superposition.
Conclusions

The long-term neuroprotective function of cordycepin was via suppressing neutrophil infiltration, thereby preserving BBB integrity and changing microglia/macrophage polarization. These findings provide significant clinical potentials to improve the quality of life for TBI patients.
The Role of Angioembolization In the Management of Blunt Renal Injuries: A Systematic Review
Authors: Liguori Giovanni , Rebez Giacomo , Salonia Andrea 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Non-operative management is established for low-grade (I-III) blunt renal injuries but it is getting increasingly popular even in high grade BRI thanks to angioembolization of active bleedings. To date a systematic review to assess the role of Angioembolization (RAE) in Blunt Renal Injuries (BRI) is not yet present in the literature.
Methods
a literature search was performed, 169 unilateral BRI were included; 124 high grade BRI (92 grade IV and 32 grade V renal injuries, respectively). Most common indication was hemodynamically stable patients with BRI grades II to IV and active contrast extravasation.
Results
Overall, the clinical success rate of RAE was 90% (range 73% − 100%). The rate of re-do embolization was 4.5% gaining a 100% success rate with a second attempt. Some authors reported successful RAE even in patients with grade V BRI, without major abdominal organ injuries and no pelvic fractures. RAE was performed also as adjunctive therapy prior to surgery. Most used agent was micro coils. Nephrectomy rate was 5.8%, mortality rate was 3.2%.
Conclusions
A multidisciplinary approach between interventional radiology and urology should be pursued to make every effort to perform endovascular therapy unless there are multiple visceral injuries or renal pedicle avulsion or expanding retroperitoneal hematoma necessitating surgery.
Losing Weight; The Experience of Patients With End Stage Kidney Disease: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Freeman Johanne , Konradsen Hanne , Lindhard Kristine , Hansen Ditte 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Patients with end-stage kidney disease need renal replacement therapy to ensure survival. Kidney transplant is superior to dialysis due to better survival. Patients with obesity cannot be approved for kidney transplant until they lose sufficient weight. Obesity may complicate the surgical procedure, and the risk of graft loss increases with increasing body mass index. Attaining appropriate weight loss is often a hindrance for transplantation for the patient with obesity, and further knowledge of minds, thoughts and attitudes are necessary to better help these patients to lose weight.Methods: Semi-structured interviews with patients who needed to lose weight to be approved to the kidney transplant list at a Danish hospital, were recorded and transcribed. From patients’ responses, we identified descriptive categories using a phenomenological approach. Factors affecting outcomes were derived reflexively from these categories.Results: Ten interviews were analyzed. Experiences of obesity and weight-loss attempts were described across 4 categories; (i) Restrictions and exhaustion, (ii) Hope and hopelessness, (iii) Support and self-discipline, and (iv) Motivation based on severity.Conclusions: Patients with obesity that hinders kidney transplantation need additional help with the dietary restrictions that follow a kidney disease. They need bridging between a kidney-friendly diet and a sustainable diet that will ensure weight-loss. These patients also express how they do not want to be alone in their weight-loss battle. They are looking for help, camaraderie and support to obtain weight-loss.
Breast prosthetic implant-associated Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A case report and Literature Review
Authors: Liu Zhaoyun , Liu Chenyu , Zhao Chenglong , Yu Qian , Zhang Guanyu , Wang Xinzhao , Yu Zhi-yong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundBreast reconstruction is widely used for women undergoing mastectomy. Prosthetic implants have become a common technique performed for these women because of their safety, flexibility and adjustable size. There are few reports of implant-associated squamous cell carcinoma. In addition to this report, only 8 reports including 11 cases have been reported in the English literature.Case presentationWe report the case of a patient with breast prosthetic implant-associated squamous cell carcinoma who received mastectomy and prosthetic implants 10 years ago. She was recently hospitalized with unilateral breast enlargement. Surgical pathology showed squamous cell carcinoma around the breast implant. There was no evidence of primary squamous cell carcinoma at any other anatomic site. We analysed all 11 patients with breast implant-derived squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) from a thorough literature search to identify studies. The median age of patients at SCC diagnosis was 56.8 years old. The average time from initial breast augmentation until SCC diagnosis was 21.9 years. The prognosis was poor; 4 of the 11 patients eventually progressed or died within 1 year, 3 of the 11 patients were disease free during the follow-up period, and 4 of the 11 patients were lost to follow-up. The most widespread opinion is that chronic inflammation from breast implants plays a substantial role in the disease progression of SCC.ConclusionsWe reported the rare complications associated with breast prosthetic implants and reviewed the literature. This malignancy should be taken into account in patients with breast prosthetic implants who have acute breast pain and enlargement.
Measuring Concern over Coronavirus in an Iranian non-clinical sample using the Coronavirus Disease Concern Scale (COVID-19CS)
Authors: Dadfar Mahboubeh , Lester David 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is a public health problem and a great challenge in the world, including Iran. The aims of the present study were: (a) to investigate the psychometric properties and the factorial structure of the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Concern Scale (COVID-19CS), (b) to explore correlations of the COVID-19CS scores with the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S), and (c) to examine gender differences. MethodsThis was a descriptive cross-sectional study. A convenience sample of 125 medical students was recruited. The COVID-19CS and FCV-19S were administered to the students. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-tests, Pearson correlation coefficients, and a Principal Components factor analysis.ResultsCronbach's α was .94. Three factors were extracted labeled “Infection/Unsafety”, “Instability/Fear of Social Isolation”, and “Insecurity/Death Fear.” The COVID-19CS score was positively correlated with the FCV-19S score. There was no sex difference in the COVID-19CS score.ConclusionsThe COVID-19CS is a multidimensional scale. Just over half (56.3%) of students reported concern of COVID-19 and, therefore, appropriate policy-making and evidence-based psycho educational training are necessary to reduce their concern over COVID-19.
Case ReportDouble Valve Replacement in a Patient with Maroteaux – Lamy syndrome. An Ultimate Team Challenge.
Authors: Demis Alexandros Agron , Oiconomidou Stella , Daglis Fotios , Polymenakos Spyridon , Panagiotou Matthew 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome (Mucopolysaccharidosis type VI) is a rare, inherited metabolic disease that results in progressive tissue accumulation of dermatan-sulfated glycosaminoglycans and inflammatory consequences that almost always affects the heart valves. From the anesthesia point of view, these rare cases are a serious challenge since the features of the syndrome entail difficulties in airway management and ventilation. It’s more than possible that the surgical team will perform a non-straightforward procedure.Case presentationA 42 year old male with Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome was referred to our department with shortness of breath, due to severe aortic stenosis, and at least moderate mitral valve regurgitation.The patient was initially scheduled for aortic valve replacement. After multiple attempts with video assisted laryngoscopy, the endotracheal intubation was achieved with the aid of fiberoptic bronchoscopy, while the ventilation succeeded only with laryngeal mask. The somatic features of the syndrome that made the anesthesia induction extremely difficult, also affected the surgical procedure. Suboptimal exposure of the mitral valve, patch enlargement of the aortic root to host the bigger possible prosthesis, and the hard decision to replace the mitral valve even with a marginal indication were the intraoperative difficulties for the surgical team.Finally, the patient underwent a successful double valve replacement with aortic root enlargement and after 18 months remains improved.ConclusionPatients with Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome represent a challenge for both anesthesiologists and cardiac surgeons. The whole team should be well prepared to deal with difficulties in airway management, ventilation and surgical valve exposure. The cardiac surgeon should be ready to offer additional procedures and even replace “prematurely” a moderately diseased valve in order to avoid a dangerous reoperation. The limited knowledges on the natural history and progression of the Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome valvulopathy and the difficulties in anesthesia induction support this approach.
Comparative Study of the Intravenous Infusion of Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells and A Modified Sub-Tenon’s Capsule Injection of Triamcinolone Acetonide in Retinitis Pigmentosa Combined with Macular Edema
Authors: Zhao Tongtao , Lie Hongxuan , Wang Fang , Liu Yong , Meng Xiaohong , Yin Zhengqin , Li Shiying 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a hereditary retinal degenerative disease leading to eventual blindness. Macular edema (ME) is a frequent complication in RP. When RP is combined with ME, the visual impairment further worsens. Well controlled ME is crucial to prevent RP from advancing. We compared the intravenous infusion of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs) and a modified sub-Tenon’s capsule injection of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) in the treatment of RP combined with ME to assess their safety and efficacy in eliminating macular edema. Methods: A phase I/II clinical trial enrolled 20 patients was conducted. Patients in the UCMSCs infusion group received a single intravenous infusion of 3 × 106 UCMSCs, and patients in the TA injection group received a modified sub-Tenon’s capsule injection of 20 mg of TA. All patients were followed up for 6 months. Systemic and ophthalmological investigations were performed to assess the safety and efficacy.Results: There were no severe adverse effects in both groups. At 2nd month follow up, the thickness of the central fovea in TA injection group was significantly lower than that in UCMSCs infusion group (P<0.05). The gradient of decrease of average macular thickness in TA injection group was significantly higher than that in UCMSCs group (P<0.05). At 6th month follow up, the central fovea thickness was higher in the TA injection group than that in UCMSCs infusion group (P<0.05). The average amplitude/latency (A/L) of the P2 wave in the flash visual evoked potential (FVEP) in UCMSCs infusion group was significantly higher at 6th month follow up than that in TA injection group (P<0.05). Conclusions: This study suggests TA injection is more effective at reducing ME in a short term. UCMSC intravenous infusion exerts slow but persistent action in reducing ME, and can maintain the visual function for a longer time. These approaches can be applied separately or jointly depending on the disease condition for patients to benefit maximumly. Trial registration: chictr.org.cn: ChiCTR-ONC-16008839. Registered on July 14, 2016.
Costs and Cost-Effectiveness of Artesunate Against Quinine Treatment Therapy for Severe Malaria in Children Under 14 Years in Zambia.
Authors: Mtalimanja Michael , Mtalimanja James Lamon , Xu Zhengyuan , Du Wenwen , Xu Wei 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundMalaria exerts a significant economic burden on health care providers and households. Also, the cost of inpatient care for a case of severe malaria further exerts a heavy financial burden on most countries with already limited recourses. Therefore, it is essential to provide policy makers with relevant economic evidence on economic benefits of health care control, preventive and curative strategies.MethodsCost-effectiveness analysis of severe malaria treatment was conducted from a healthcare provider perspective using a decision tree. Standard costing was performed for the identification, measurement and assessment phases, with data from Zambia annual quantification reports for anti-malaria commodities. The data was collected from Health Management information system, and meta-analysis. Average and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio were estimated. The uncertainties were assessed through probabilistic sensitivity analysis.ResultsSevere Malaria in Children has been shown to account for over 45% of the total monthly curative healthcare costs incurred by households compared to the mean per capita monthly income. The cost of treating severe malaria depleted 7.67% of the monthly average household income. In addition, the cost attributed to loss of income in taking care of a sick child is the highest contributor $10.5 of total cost followed by direct medical costs $7.75. According, to the cost effectiveness analysis the of Artesunate with quinine the ICER was $105 per death averted.ConclusionThe use of Artesunate over Quinine in the treatment of severe malaria in children under 14years is a highly cost-effective strategy for the healthcare provider in Zambia.
Combination Strategy of Dynamic Obstacle-Avoidance and Autonomous Tracking for Hazardous Gases Inspection Robot in Man-Machine Environment
Authors: Zhang Qing-fang , Gao Xueshan , Lan Bing-Qing , Fu Xiao-Long , Li Jing-Ye 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A variety of toxic and hazardous gases exist in many working or storage environments, and once a leak occurs, it will cause a wide range of casualties and immeasurable economic losses. To improve the timeliness and flexibility of the inspection equipment in a man-machine hybrid environment, this research provides an effective and practical method to improving the autonomous behavior strategy of robots in complex environments. The team designs a mobile inspection robot used to inspect hazardous gas which can be controlled remotely or inspect dangerous gas independently first, the robot is controlled by a host computer through a hybrid architecture control system mainly composed by Micro Controller Unit (MCU), Raspberry Pi based on Wi-Fi formed by a wireless router. The robot uses the hub motors as the driving wheels, equipped with multiple sensors and cameras to complete forward and backward, turning, possesses target tracking, obstacle avoidance and real-time image transmission functions softly. Based on the robot kinematic model built, this paper studies the interfering objects four typical behavior patterns, establishes a social force model to guide the robot behavioral decision-making under dynamic obstacles. To verify the effectiveness of the combination motion strategy, Matlab is used to establish a shared environment space, trajectory simulation of the state of human crossing behavior and encounter behavior, and the speed change trend of the mobile robot is recorded. Combines the dynamic obstacle avoidance strategy presented based on fuzzy thinking, an autonomous tracking strategy by adopting Fuzzy-PID controller is proposed, the experiments under fixed trajectory indoors verifies that when the robot deviates from the predetermined trajectory during inspection operations, the Fuzzy-PID control system can effectively help the robot return to the target trajectory, which the PTZ is stable and the video image is clear and the frame rate is more than 10 frames per second shows the good inspection performance. The results of simulation and test are similar, and the robot position error up to 10mm, the angle error up to 0.1 rad, which draws the reliability and accuracy of the inspection method,. And the robot can fast responsive, the small-scale time delay of the speed change does not affect the obstacle avoidance effectiveness, the robot and human will always maintain a sufficient safety distance to reduce the "sense of crisis" that humans towards to the robot.
Evaluation of Strength Properties of In-Service X80 Pipeline Steel Using Small Punch Test and Backpropagation Neural Network
Authors: Song Ming , Li Xuyang , Jiang Wenchun , Zhong Jiru , Guan Kaishu 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Evaluating the strength properties of materials of an in-service pipeline without shutting down transportation has been always a challenge. A novel and non-destructive method for determining the true stress-strain curve of pipeline steel based on backpropagation artificial neural network and small punch test is proposed in this study. The elastoplastic mechanical properties of the pipeline steels could be obtained by this method. The load-displacement curves of 2261 groups of different hypothetical materials were obtained by the finite element model of small punch test within Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman (GTN) damage parameters and used to train the neural network. The relationship between the load-displacement curve of small punch test and the true stress-strain curve of the conventional uniaxial tensile test was established based on the trained neural network. The accuracy and wide applicability of the trained neural network were verified by the experimental data of four types of materials obtained by small punch test and standard tensile test, respectively. The established relationship can be used to predict the true stress-strain curve of the pipeline steels to determine the elastoplastic mechanical properties only by the load-displacement curve of the small punch test without performing the conventional tensile test.