bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Injection of hydrogel spacer increased intrafractional prostate motion during volumetric modulated arc therapy-stereotactic body radiation therapy for prostate cancer
Authors: Sawayanagi Subaru , Yamashita Hideomi , Ogita Mami , Nozawa Yuki , Watanabe Yuichi , Imae Toshikazu , Abe Osamu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe aim of this study was to clarify the association between intrafractional prostate shift and hydrogel spacer.MethodsThirty-eight patients who received definitive volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT)-stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for prostate cancer with prostate motion monitoring in our institution in 2018–2019 were retrospectively evaluated. In order to move the rectum away from the prostate, hydrogel spacer (SpaceOAR system, Boston Scientific, Marlborough, the United States) injection was proposed to the patients as an option in case of meeting the indication of use. We monitored intrafractional prostate motion by using a 4-dimensional (4D) transperineal ultrasound (US) device: the Clarity 4D ultrasound system (Elekta AB). The deviation of the prostate was monitored in each direction: superior-inferior (SI), left-right (LR), and anterior-posterior (AP). We also calculated the vector length (VL). The maximum intrafractional displacement (MID) per fraction for each direction was detected and mean of MIDs was calculated per patient. The MIDs in the non-spacer group and the spacer group were compared using the unpaired t-test.ResultsWe reviewed 33 fractions in eight patients as the spacer group and 148 fractions in 30 patients as the non-spacer group. The superior MID was 0.47 ± 0.07 (mean ± SE) mm vs. 0.97 ± 0.24 mm (P = 0.014), the inferior MID was 1.07 ± 0.11 mm vs. 1.03 ± 0.25 mm (P = 0.88), the left MID was 0.74 ± 0.08 mm vs. 0.87 ± 0.27 mm (P = 0.55), the right MID was 0.67 ± 0.08 mm vs. 0.92 ± 0.21 mm (P = 0.17), the anterior MID was 0.45 ± 0.06 mm vs. 1.16 ± 0.35 mm (P = 0.0023), and the posterior MID was 1.57 ± 0.17 mm vs. 1.37 ± 0.22 mm (P = 0.56) in the non-spacer group and the spacer group, respectively. The max of VL was 2.24 ± 0.19 mm vs. 2.89 ± 0.62 mm (P = 0.19), respectively.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that intrafractional prostate motion during VMAT-SBRT was larger in patients with hydrogel spacer injection in the superior and anterior directions.
Spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis lineage 4 in South China influenced by Maritime Silk Road and “Huguang Filling Sichuan” population migration
Authors: Wu Wei , Liang Peng-Kuan , Luo Dong-Xia , Tian Yu-Ang , Jiang Zhong-Hua , Liu Zhuo-Chong , Luo Mei , Yuan Hai-Bing , Rastogi Nalin , Sun Qun 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background

Lineage 4 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC), mainly epidemic in Europe and Americas, presents in high proportions in South China and is believed to enter China around the 13th century, when the important human migratory events of the Maritime Silk Road and “Huguang Filling Sichuan” population migration happened in China. This study was to explain the coincidence of these two events with lineage 4’s high proportion in South China.
Methods

Based on the spatial interpolation analysis of the genotyping data of 25,575 MTBC isolates, the distribution of lineage 4 was compared with that of targeted surname populations and the Maritime Silk Road’s main ports.
Results

The results showed that lineage 4 distribution in China could be mapped to the regions affected by “Huguang Filling Sichuan” population migration; while the distribution of lineage 4’s two sub-lineages in Asia, Europe, Africa and Oceania could be best explained by the Maritime Silk Road.
Conclusion

Our results suggest that these two events might pose a crucial shared influence, leading to the greater incidence of lineage 4 in South China. And this may contribute to our better understanding of the prevailing tuberculosis landscape in China and facilitate the epidemiological investigations and tracking of emerging MTBC clones.
High-Potency Polypeptide-based Interference for Coronavirus Spike Glycoproteins
Authors: Wang Qinghua , Ma Jianpeng , Acevedo Adam 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The world is experiencing an unprecedented coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-based vaccines are currently the main preventive agent to fight against the virus. However, several variants with extensive mutations in SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins have emerged. Some of these variants exhibited increased replication, higher transmission and virulence, and were partially resistant to antibody neutralization from natural infection or vaccination. With over 130 million confirmed cases and widespread vaccination around the globe, the emergence of new escape SARS-CoV-2 variants could be accelerated. New therapeutics insensitive to mutations are thus urgently needed. Here we have developed an inhibitor based on SARS-CoV-2 spike protein that potently reduced pseudovirus infectivity by limiting the level of SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins on virion envelope. Most importantly, the inhibitor was equally effective against other coronavirus spike proteins that shared as low as 35% amino-acid sequence identity, underscoring its extreme tolerance to mutations. The small-sized inhibitor would also allow simple delivery by, for instance, nasal spray. We expect the inhibitor reported here to be an invaluable aid to help end COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, the use of a partial native sequence or its homologues to interfere with the functions of the native protein represents a novel concept for targeting other viral proteins in combating against important viral pathogens.
Analysis of the Clinical Management and Quality of Life of Frail Patients with Cancer and Breakthrough Pain in Clinical Practice.
Authors: González Gemma Soler , Cajaraville Juan Pérez , Sanjuan Silvia Forcano , Pérez José Luis Firvida , Ferri César Margarit , Banaclocha Natividad Martínez , López Antonio Javier Jiménez , Álvarez Ana Cabezón , González Ibone Huerta , Soler-López Begoña 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to analyse the clinical management and quality of life of frail patients with cancer, chronic pain and breakthrough pain (BTP) and to assess whether treatment was conditioned by their frailty status.Methods This was an observational study in adult frail patients with cancer, chronic background pain and BTP. Outcomes of interest collected include clinical and sociodemographic data, Karnofsky Performance Status, quality of life (EuroQoL-5D-5L), chronic pain and BTP characteristics, as well as treatments administered for their control.ResultsA total of 222 patients were included with a mean age of 68 years (range 24-91), 60.5% men, with a mean Karnofsky of 63.2%. The number of daily episodes of BTP was 3.8 (95% CI 3.3-4.3), with a duration of 34.6 minutes (95% CI 28.8-40.3), and 56.8% had a gradual onset. Opioids were administered to 88.3% of patients for the chronic pain, and to 83.8% for BTP. The treatment's daily doses administered for chronic pain and BTP did not differ from those usually recommended. Quality of life was significantly worst in frail patients with cancer than no frail patients and was related to performance status (p<0.001) and to the social-familial status (p=0.045). ConclusionsBTP in frail patients with cancer presents with more episodes, of a shorter duration and more gradual onset compared to other patients with BTP, and Quality of life was seriously affected. No relevant differences were seen in the doses or method of administration of treatments for chronic pain and BTP in frail patients with cancer as compared to the standard recommendations for non-frail patients. Trial registration: Not applicable to the study.
Discussing the Costs and Financial Burden of Cancer and its Treatment: A Systematic Review of Clinical Guidelines
Authors: Agarwal Anupriya , Livingstone Ann , Karikios Deme J , Stockler Martin R , Beale Philip J , Morton Rachael L 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BackgroundOptimising the care of individuals with cancer without imposing significant financial burden related to their anticancer treatment is becoming increasingly difficult. The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) has recommended clinicians discuss costs of cancer care with patients to enhance shared decision-making. We sought information to guide oncologists’ discussions with patients about these costs.MethodsWe searched Medline, EMBASE and clinical practice guideline databases from January 2009 to 1 June 2019 for recommendations about discussing the costs of care and financial burden. Guideline quality was assessed with the AGREE-II instrument.ResultsTwenty-seven guidelines met our eligibility criteria, including 16 from ASCO (59%). 21 of 27 (78%) guidelines included recommendations about discussion or consideration of treatment costs when prescribing, with information about actual costs in four (15%). Recognition of the risk of financial burden or financial toxicity was described in 81% (22/27) of guidelines. However, only nine guidelines (33%) included information about managing the financial burden.ConclusionsCurrent clinical practice guidelines have limited information to guide discussions regarding costs of anticancer treatment and management of financial burden. This limits the ability of patients to control the costs of treatment, and of the healthcare team to reduce the incidence and severity of financial burden. Current guidelines recommend clinician awareness of price variability and high costs of treatment. Clinicians are recommended to explore cost concerns and address financial worries, especially in high risk groups. Future guidelines should include advice on facilitating cost transparency discussions, with provision of costs information and resources.
Impact of Factors on Acute Radiation Oral Mucositis for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients Treated with Concurrent Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy and Chemoradiotherapy:A Retrospective Study
Authors: Yin Yan , Qu Shupei , Wu Haibiao , Liu Xia , Tong Qin , Liu Xuehua , Tan Derong , Gong Jie , Zhang Jing-Ping , Mao Ting 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background

To retrospectively studied the medical records in the latest 4 years in order to investigate the occurrence and influencing factors of radiation-induced oral mucositis in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated with concurrent intensity-modulated radiation therapy and chemoradiotherapy.
Methods

Between January 2014 and December 2018, 262 patients with non-metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated with concurrent intensity-modulated radiation therapy and chemoradiotherapy were enrolled in the study.The patients' age,gender,body mass index,smoking,diabetes,clinical stage, hematological parameters before radiotherapy before radiotherapy(leukocyte count,erythrocyte count,hemoglobin level,platelet count,lymphocyte count, neutrophil count),PGTV, PCTV1, PCTV2, induction chemotherapy, concurrent chemotherapy interval(weekly or three-weekly chemotherapy) and the concurrent chemotherapeutic drugs (single cisplatin or single lobaplatin or docetaxel plus cisplatin regimen) were examined, and the associations of variables with oral mucositis were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression analysis.
Results

Only platelet count before radiotherapy is the risk factor for grade 2 and higher acute oral mucositis(p = 0.028) with an odds ratio of 1.005 (95% CI: 1.001–1.009).There was no difference in the risk of grade 2 and higher oral mucositis between the single platinum regimen and docetaxel plus cisplatin regimen.The study also found similar responses to oral mucositis between weekly regimen and three-weekly regimen.
Conclusion

The present retrospective study demonstrated that certain factor may predispose patients with with nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated with concurrent intensity-modulated radiation therapy and chemoradiotherapy to develop oral mucositis.
Assessment of laboratory waste management and laboratory staff awareness in Khartoum state
Authors: Hussein Hussein Abker 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background A good environmental health conditions is a challenge worldwide. However, Majority of Laboratory wastes extremely dangerous to the environment, animals, and human because of increasing numbers of laboratories and health facilities especially on big cities in Africa like Khartoum state Capital of Sudan.Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out on a group included 34 laboratories in Khartoum state from February to march 2021. Approvals have taken from each laboratory and participants voluntary informed consent and the data were collected using administered questionnaire and the data were analyzed by SPSS .Result Majority of the laboratories have sharp and needles waste , biological waste of human samples mainly (urine, stool, blood) and regular waste. Followed by chemical waste, culture media respectively, and radioactive waste which is the least frequent waste in Khartoum medical laboratories.More than two thirds of laboratory personal did not get training in waste management. greater portion of laboratories have specialized company approved by authorities to collect the medical waste and treat it. similar percentage of laboratories have dustman for this job and in few laboratories the collection and treatment of the waste done by laboratory staff.Majority of laboratories staff are separating the medical sharps from other types of wastes in safety boxes and get rid of it by specialized company in medical waste. Few laboratories throw the safety box in landfill and reuse the safety box again and others burring or burning it. Majority of laboratory staff they don’t know how to manage chemical waste. Conclusion Laboratories wastes are harmful to the environment, human, and animals. laboratories staff have inadequate training in waste management and disposable .there is no unique protocol for waste management and disposal followed by laboratories in Khartoum state so jeopardize laboratorian and community .
Revisión sistemática sobre las aplicaciones del ASSIST (Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test) en poblaciones colombianas
Authors: Berrouet-Mejía Marie Claire , Cardona-Arias Jaiberth Antonio 
Published: April 2021

Introducción: El consumo de drogas en Colombia está aumentado y su tamización es baja. La Organización Mundial de la Salud diseñó el ASSIST (Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test) para determinar la prevalencia y el riesgo del consumo. El objetivo fue describir los usos del ASSIST en Colombia y el perfil de consumo de las poblaciones estu diadas con esta escala. Métodos: Revisión sistemática en Medline-Pubmed, Science-Direct, Scielo y Google-Scholar. Se garantizó exhaustividad, reproducibilidad y evaluación de la calidad. Se realizó sín tesis cualitativa mediante proporciones. Resultados: Se incluyeron nueve estudios con 4 736 sujetos. La mayor proporción de sujetos presentó un consumo de bajo riesgo; en estudiantes fue 16,1 % para tabaco, 18,9 % alcohol y 17,9 % cannabis; entre líderes sociales fue 100 % en tabaco y cannabis, y 80 % alcohol; en desplazados 35,8 % para alcohol y 6,6 % cannabis; y en gestantes 58,4 % tabaco y 58,4 % alcohol. Los factores asociados fueron el desplazamiento forzado, violencia sexual, edad, escolaridad, depresión, estrato social y bajo soporte socio-familiar. Conclusión: Se evidencia la necesidad de mejorar la tamización del uso de drogas en el país, dado que una detección temprana es clave para articular acciones clínicas, epidemiológicas y de política pública.
Safe and Effective Kinase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Gynecological Cancers: In Silico Approach
Authors: Patil Vaishali M. , Kumar Abhishek , Anand Vaishali , Bansal Priya , Masand Neeraj 
Published: April 2021

Aims:
This study aimed at studying various types of gynecological cancers and the available therapeutics
to investigate safe and effective drugs.

Background:
Cancer is the most common cause of mortality throughout the world. When the statistics are being
considered for gynecological cancers, ovarian, cervical, and uterine cancers are among the most prevalent types.
They have the worst prognosis and the highest mortality rate and by the year 2040 significant increase in mortality
rate is predicted.

Objective:
The major limitation with the development of anti-cancer therapeutics for gynecological cancers is the
safety of the therapeutics for the developing fetus as well as the mother. Various medicinal classes of natural to synthetic
therapeutics have been reported including kinase inhibitors as the most promising category of anti-cancer
drugs.

Methods:
A dataset of kinase inhibitors clinically approved as anticancer agents was derived through a literature
review. A QSAR based approach i.e. VEGAQSAR has been applied to evaluate the reproductive and developmental
toxicity for the selected class of kinase inhibitors.

Result:
In the present work, the promising category of anticancer kinase inhibitors has been investigated for its toxicity
potential with the help of in silico approach. The anti-cancer kinase inhibitors were categorized based on the
found non-toxic or toxic properties towards reproductive and developmental toxicity.

Conclusion:
Early prediction of the available or proposed anti-cancer therapeutics for their contribution towards
developmental and reproductive toxicity is an important criterion for their use in pregnancy-associated cancers. The
investigation of the toxicity profile of available anti-cancer kinase therapeutics will be helpful to design and develop
novel and safe anti-cancer drugs in the near future. The study outcomes will benefit the current anticancer drug
development efforts.
Novel Pulmonary Delivery of Antiviral Drugs for Treating COVID-19 in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Islam Nazrul , Rahman Shafiqur 
Published: April 2021

Abstract:
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a significant burden on public health worldwide.
Currently, there are limited medications for the treatment of COVID-19 in patients with Parkinson’s
disorder (PD). Several antiviral drugs and other pharmacotherapies have shown promising results
and are used by various delivery methods. Among the antiviral drugs, amantadine alone was
reported to provide therapeutic benefit against COVID-19 in patients with PD. Here, we propose
novel strategies for pulmonary drug delivery technology of antiviral drug, amantadine. As such pulmonary
delivery of this drug or in combination with the additional antiviral drugs could be a more
effective strategy for the treatment of COVID-19-related complications in patients with PD. Furthermore,
the important benefits and limitations of this novel delivery technology will be discussed.
Information Disclosed in Patent Documents being the Source to Address Emergencies: A Strategy to Achieve Technological Developments Addressing COVID-19
Authors: Martins Tatiana D. , Cordeiro Diéricon S. 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Face COVID-19 pandemic, a need for accurate information on
SARS-CoV-2 virus is urgent and scientific reports have been published on a daily basis
to enable effective technologies to fight the disease progression. However, at the initial
occurrence of Pandemic, no information on the matter was known and technologies to
fight the Pandemic were not readily available. However, searches in patent databases, if
strategically designed, can offer quick responses to new pandemics.

Objective:
The objective of this study is aiming to provide existing information in patent
documents useful for the developmentof technologies addressing COVID-19. Considering
the emergency situation the world was facing and the knowledge of COVID-19 available
until April, 2020, this work presents an analysis of the main characteristics of the
technological information in patent documents worldwide, related to coronaviruses and
the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS).

Methods:
Regions of concentration of such technologies, the number of available documents
and their technological fields are disclosed in three approaches: 1) a wide search,
retrieving technologies on SARS or coronaviruses; 2) a targeted search, retrieving documents
additionally referring to Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE2), which is used by
SARS- CoV-2 to enter a cell and 3) a punctual search, which retrieved patents disclosing
aspects related to SARS- CoV-2 available at that time.

Results:
Results show the high-level technology involved in these developments
and a monopoly tendency of such technologies, also evidencing that it is possible
to find answers to new problems in patent documents.

Conclusion:
This work, then, aims to contribute to scientific and technological development
by raising the awareness of what should be considered when searching for technologies
developed for other matters that could provide solutions for a new problem.
Kebutuhan Kegiatan Menulis Cerita Bergambar di Sopo Belajar
Authors: Manurung Eva Septiana 
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: mengetahui kebutuhan kegiatan menulis cerita bergambar di Sopo Belajar dan diperoleh rencana kegiatan menulis cerita bergambar karya anak-anak di Sopo Belajar. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Subjek penelitian ini adalah Pengelola Sopo Belajar, anak-anak penerima manfaat Sopo Belajar, dan ahli. Setting dalam penelitian adalah aktivitas Sopo Belajar. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data menggunakan model Miles dan Huberman, yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Keabsahan data didukung oleh triangulasi sumber dan metode. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: (1) kebutuhan kegiatan menulis cerita bergambar di Sopo Belajar. (2) diperoleh rencana kegiatan menulis cerita bergambar di Sopo Belajar yang terdiri dari (a) input (b) proses (c) output, dan (d) outcome. Oleh karenanya, perlu ada tindakan lanjutan berupa realisasi kegiatan menulis cerita bergambar di Sopo Belajar berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan untuk peningkatan kreativitas anak.
Does Spending Time in a Neighbourhood Park Reduce Stress? A preliminary psychological study
Authors: Hussein Hazreena , Ishak Syaidatul Azzreen , Wan Mohd Yunus Wan Mohd Azam 
Published: April 2021

This study aims to investigate users' thoughts and experiences concerning the stress in a neighbourhood park in Petaling Jaya. A questionnaire survey is distributed to the park users’ to identify their stress level and response to the neighbourhood park’s current condition. The findings involved the relationship between a neighbourhood park and stress survey and stress score with park features. As a recommendation, a comparison between two different case studies in terms of geographic and demographic factors may lead to more findings in future studies in assisting the development of the neighbourhood park and promoting healthy lifestyles in reducing stress.
Keywords: Neighbourhood park; stress; preliminary study
eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA CE-Bs by E-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6i16.2683