bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parallel transmit optimized 3D composite adiabatic spectral‐spatial pulse for spectroscopy
Authors: He Xiaoxuan , Auerbach Edward J. , Garwood Michael , Kobayashi Naoharu , Wu Xiaoping , Metzger Gregory J. 
Published: January 2021

PurposeTo develop a 3D composite adiabatic spectral‐spatial pulse for refocusing in spin‐echo spectroscopy acquisitions and to compare its performance against standard acquisition methods.MethodsA 3D composite adiabatic pulse was designed by modulating a train of parallel transmit–optimized 2D subpulses with an adiabatic envelope. The spatial and spectral profiles were simulated and validated by experiments to demonstrate the feasibility of the design in both single and double spin‐echo spectroscopy acquisitions. Phantom and in vivo studies were performed to evaluate the pulse performance and compared with semi‐LASER with respect to localization performance, sequence timing, signal suppression, and specific absorption rate.ResultsSimultaneous 2D spatial localization with water and lipid suppression was achieved with the designed refocusing pulse, allowing high‐quality spectra to be acquired with shorter minimum TE/TR, reduced SAR, as well as adaptation to spatially varying B0 and field inhomogeneities in both prostate and brain studies.ConclusionThe proposed composite pulse can serve as a more SAR efficient alternative to conventional localization methods such as semi‐LASER at ultrahigh field for spin echo–based spectroscopy studies. Subpulse parallel‐transmit optimization provides the flexibility to manage the tradeoff among multiple design criteria to accommodate different field strengths and applications.
A fully‐mixed finite element method for the coupling of the Navier–Stokes and Darcy–Forchheimer equations
Authors: Caucao Sergio , Gatica Gabriel N. , Sandoval Felipe 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this work we present and analyze a fully‐mixed formulation for the nonlinear model given by the coupling of the Navier–Stokes and Darcy–Forchheimer equations with the Beavers–Joseph–Saffman condition on the interface. Our approach yields non‐Hilbertian normed spaces and a twofold saddle point structure for the corresponding operator equation. Furthermore, since the convective term in the Navier–Stokes equation forces the velocity to live in a smaller space than usual, we augment the variational formulation with suitable Galerkin type terms. The resulting augmented scheme is then written equivalently as a fixed point equation, so that the well‐known Schauder and Banach theorems, combined with classical results on nonlinear monotone operators, are applied to prove the unique solvability of the continuous and discrete systems. In particular, given an integer k ≥ 0, Raviart–Thomas spaces of order k, continuous piecewise polynomials of degree ≤k + 1 and piecewise polynomials of degree ≤k are employed in the fluid for approximating the pseudostress tensor, velocity and vorticity, respectively, whereas Raviart–Thomas spaces of order k and piecewise polynomials of degree ≤k for the velocity and pressure, constitute a feasible choice in the porous medium. A priori error estimates and associated rates of convergence are derived, and several numerical examples illustrating the good performance of the method are reported.
Treatment Outcomes of Well-Differentiated High-Grade Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Liu Alex J. , Ueberroth Benjamin E. , McGarrah Patrick W. , Buckner Petty Skye A. , Kendi Ayse Tuba , Starr Jason , Hobday Timothy J. , Halfdanarson Thorvardur R. , Sonbol Mohamad Bassam 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Recent classification of neuroendocrine neoplasms has defined well-differentiated high-grade neuroendocrine tumors (NET G3) as a distinct entity from poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma. The optimal treatment for NET G3 has not been well-described. This study aimed to evaluate metastatic NET G3 response to different treatment regimens.

Materials and Methods
This was a retrospective study of patients with NET G3 within the Mayo Clinic database. Patients’ demographics along with treatment characteristics, responses, and survival were assessed. Primary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival. Secondary endpoints were objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR).

Results
Treatment data was available in 30 patients with median age of 59.5 years at diagnosis. The primary tumor was mostly pancreatic (73.3%). Ki-67 index was ≥55% in 26.7% of cases. Treatments included capecitabine + temozolomide (CAPTEM) (n = 20), lutetium 177 DOTATATE (PRRT; n = 10), Platinum-etoposide (EP; n = 8), FOLFOX (n = 7), and everolimus (n = 2). CAPTEM exhibited ORR 35%, DCR 65%, and median PFS 9.4 months (95% confidence interval, 2.96–16.07). Both EP and FOLFOX showed similar radiographic response rates with ORR 25.0% and 28.6%; however, median PFS durations were quite distinct at 2.94 and 13.04 months, respectively. PRRT had ORR of 20%, DCR of 70%, and median PFS of 9.13 months.

Conclusion
Among patients with NET G3, CAPTEM was the most commonly used treatment with clinically meaningful efficacy and disease control. FOLFOX or PRRT are other potentially active treatment options. EP has some activity in NET G3, but responses appear to be short-lived. Prospective studies evaluating different treatments effects in patients with NET G3 are needed to determine an optimal treatment strategy.

Implications for Practice
High-grade well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (NET G3) are considered a different entity from low-grade NET and neuroendocrine carcinoma in terms of prognosis and management. The oral combination of capecitabine and temozolomide is considered a good option in the management of metastatic NET G3 and may be preferred. FOLFOX is another systemic option with reasonable efficacy. Similar to other well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors, peptide receptor radionuclide therapy seems to have some efficacy in these tumors.
Thermoresponsive zwitterionic poly(phosphobetaine) microgels: Effect of macro‐RAFT chain length and cross‐linker molecular weight on their antifouling properties
Authors: Saha Pabitra , Palanisamy Anand Raj , Santi Marta , Ganguly Ritabrata , Mondal Somashree , Singha Nikhil K. , Pich Andrij 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAdsorption of proteins on biological surfaces is a detrimental phenomenon that reduces the work‐life of the implants in various biomedical applications. Here, we synthesized a new class of thermoresponsive zwitterionic poly(phosphobetaine) (PMPC) microgel with excellent surface antifouling property by macro‐RAFT mediated thiol‐epoxy click reaction. End‐group modified zwitterionic PMPC homopolymers with well‐defined molecular weight and narrow dispersity were grafted onto poly(N‐vinylcaprolactam‐co‐glycidyl methacrylate) (PVG) copolymer backbone followed by addition of a cross‐linker, leading to microgel formation. While no upper critical solution temperature (UCST) was found in poly(N‐vinylcaprolactam‐co‐glycidyl methacrylate‐g‐2‐methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (PVGP) graft copolymers, the corresponding microgels exhibited both UCST and lower critical solution temperature (LCST) transitions, related to the swelling and collapse of PMPC and poly (N‐vinylcaprolactam) (PVCL) components respectively. An increase in the molecular chain length of the PMPC increased the shifting of UCST and LCST of the microgels to higher temperatures, due to the ability of zwitterionic groups to coordinate a large number of water molecules. The effect of the variation in the molecular weights of amphiphilic poly(ethylene glycol) diamine (PEG‐NH2) cross‐linker was also reflected in both temperature and salt responsiveness of the microgels. The efficacy of the microgels as potential antifouling materials was further studied by fluorescence microscopy and XPS analysis on microgel coatings treated with FITC‐BSA solution and pure BSA solution respectively. Lower protein adsorption was observed for microgels grafted with higher molecular chain length of PMPC, whereas, the microgels synthesized using higher molecular weight PEG‐NH2 diamine cross‐linker displayed greater protein adsorption on their surfaces.
Hybrid carbonaceous materials for radar absorbing poly(vinylidene fluoride) composites with multilayered structures
Authors: Indrusiak Tamara , Pereira Iaci M. , Pontes Ketly , Pereira Elaine C. L. , Peixoto Guilherme G. , Migliano Antônio C. C. , Soares Bluma G. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPoly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) based composites loaded with 3 wt% of carbon black (CB), graphite (GF), and the hybrid CB/GF (1.5/1.5 wt%) were prepared by melt mixing and tested as microwave absorbing material at X‐band frequencies (8–12 GHz). The materials were processed and pressed at 220°C into plates of 20 × 20 × 0.1 cm3. Dielectric and magnetic properties were evaluated using the wave‐guide accessory to simulate the reflectivity of single‐layered PVDF composites through impedance matching behavior. The best absorbing properties were achieved with the composite loaded with the CB/GF hybrid material, whose maximum of radiation attenuation of −33 dB at 9.3 GHz was predicted with 4 mm thickness. Afterwards, the reflectivity of sandwiched structures (20 × 20 cm2 in size) with one‐layer honeycomb core sandwiched by two plates of PVDF composites was measured. The PVDF/HB‐honeycomb‐PVDF/HB structure reached reflection loss = −12 dB (Ea = 94%) on a broadband frequency. CB/GF hybrid material in PVDF composites has a promising future as a lightweight and cost‐effective microwave absorbing materials for both telecommunication and stealth technology.
Rate sensitivity and deformation mechanism of semi‐crystalline polymers during instrumented indentation
Authors: Liu Erqiang , Wu Jianguo , Li Huaying , Liu Haitao , Zhao Guanghui , Kong Lingyu , Lin Jinbao , Xiao Gesheng , Jia You 
Published: January 2021

AbstractInstrumented indentation tests using both constant loading rate (CLR) and continuous stiffness measurement (CSM) operation modes were performed to investigate the deformation mechanism and their sensitivity to the deformation rate in semi‐crystalline polymers through the quantitative analysis of load‐depth loading and unloading curves. The strain rate was constant during the CSM tests, while the strain rate decreased with the increasing of loading time in CLR tests. The mechanical response mechanism of the semi‐crystalline polymers to these tests was very complicated because of the combined effects of strain‐hardening in the crystal phase and strain‐softening in the amorphous phase. Results show that the loading index m reflects the strain‐hardening or strain‐softening response during indentation. When m > 2, the mechanical response was due to the strain‐hardening, and when m < 2, the response was due to strain‐softening. A method based on the measured contact hardness was proposed to obtain the unloading stiffness, and the other mechanical parameters could then be determined according to the unloading stiffness.
Preserved pressure delivery during high‐frequency oscillation of bubble CPAP in a premature infant lung model with both normal and abnormal lung mechanics
Authors: Sivieri Emidio M. , Rub David M. , Abbasi Soraya , Eichenwald Eric C. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundBubble continuous positive airway pressure (BCPAP) generates pressure oscillations which are suggested to improve gas exchange through mechanisms similar to high frequency (HF) ventilation. In a previous in‐vitro lung model with normal lung mechanics, significantly improved CO2 washout was demonstrated using an HF interrupter in the supply flow of a BCPAP system. The effect of HF with BCPAP on delivered airway pressure (Paw) has not been fully investigated in a lung model having abnormal pulmonary mechanics.ObjectiveTo measure Paw in an infant lung model simulating normal and abnormal pulmonary compliance and resistance while connected to a BCPAP system with superimposed HF oscillations created using an in‐line flow interrupter.Design/MethodsA premature infant lung model with either: normal lung mechanics, compliance 1.0 ml/cm H2O, airway resistance 56 cm H2O/(L/s); or abnormal mechanics, compliance 0.5 ml/cm H2O, airway resistance 136 cm H2O/(L/s), was connected to BCPAP with HF at either 4, 6, 8, 10, or 12 Hz. Paw was measured at BCPAPs of 4, 6, and 8 cm H2O and respiratory rates (RR) of 40, 60, and 80 breaths/min and 6.0 ml tidal volume.ResultsMean Paw averaged over all five frequencies showed no significant change from non‐oscillated levels at all BCPAPs and RRs for both lung models. Paw amplitudes (peak‐to‐trough) during oscillation were significantly greater than the non‐oscillated levels by an average of 1.7 ± 0.5 SD and 2.6 ± 0.5 SD cm H2O (p < .001) for the normal and abnormal models, respectively.ConclusionsHF oscillation of BCPAP using a flow interrupter did not alter mean delivered Paw compared to non‐oscillated BCPAP for both normal and abnormal lung mechanics models. This simple modification to BCPAP may be a useful enhancement to this mode of non‐invasive respiratory support.
Kinetics and Mechanism of Thermal and Catalytic Decomposition of Hydroxylammonium Nitrate (HAN) Monopropellant
Authors: Agnihotri Ruchika , Oommen Charlie 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHydroxylammonium nitrate (HAN) monopropellant with its low sensitivity, volatility and toxicity, not only promises a safer substitute to hydrazine but also offers a higher specific impulse and a positive oxygen balance. This study primarily explores the decomposition mechanism and underlying kinetics for a newly developed cerium oxide‐based catalyst. The chemical kinetics involved in the thermal and catalytic decomposition was examined through an isoconversional method using thermogravimetric analysis (TG) data. The activation energy (Ea) was evaluated using differential isoconversional method (Friedman's method) and advanced integral isoconversional method (Popescu‐Ortega's method). To find frequency factor, compensation effect method (ACE) and intercept method (A0) were used. Advanced integral method could not provide realistic kinetic parameters while differential method predicted values similar to reported values for thermal decomposition. The values obtained for thermal decomposition were found matching with reported values obtained by other techniques which validated the methodology adopted. The reaction mechanism for both thermal and catalytic decomposition were proposed based on evolved gas analysis. The mechanism proposed was able to describe the variable kinetic parameters extracted from isoconversional method. Overall Ea of thermal decomposition of HAN was ∼95 kJ/mol. The decomposition over ceria‐based catalyst was distributed over three stages namely inception, peak and decay with Ea of ∼33 kJ/mol, ∼170 kJ/mol and ∼130 kJ/mol, respectively. Under identical conditions, iridium‐based catalyst show two decomposition stages with Ea of ∼65 kJ/mol and ∼120 kJ/mol while final stage being evaporation of HNO3. The ceria catalyst favoured N2 formation, increased decomposition of HNO3 and enhanced decomposition enthalpy.
Effect of carrier volume and spray quality on glyphosate‐resistant soybean response to sublethal dicamba exposure
Authors: Sperry Benjamin P , Calhoun Justin S , Ferguson Jason C , Kruger Greg R , Bond Jason A , Johnson Ashli B , Reynolds Daniel B 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDField experiments were conducted across three sites in Mississippi in 2018 to evaluate carrier volume and spray quality effects on glyphosate‐resistant soybean response to dicamba. Treatments consisted of dicamba (5.6 g a.e. ha−1) plus glyphosate (8.7 g a.e. ha−1) applied to soybean at R1 using 140, 105, 70, 35, 14, or 7 L ha−1. Each carrier volume was applied with TT11002 and XR110015 nozzles which resulted in Fine and Coarse spray qualities, respectively. A colorimetric dye was included in spray solutions to quantify spray coverage of each treatment.RESULTSSpray coverage decreased with carrier volume and ranged from 21% to 3%. Conversely, soybean injury increased as carrier volume decreased. Soybean height 14 days after treatment (DAT) was reduced 34% to 37% from carrier volumes of 70 to 140 L ha−1; however, carrier volumes of 14 and 7 L ha−1 resulted in 45% height reductions. By 28 DAT soybean height was similar among volumes of 35 to 140 L ha−1 (39% to 42% reduction); however, volumes of 14 and 7 L ha−1 resulted in 46% and 51% reductions, respectively. Grain yield was reduced 14% from treatment at 140 L ha−1 and reductions increased with decreased carrier volume to 41% loss at 7 L ha−1. Averaged across carrier volumes, Fine and Coarse sprays caused 30% and 26% yield loss, respectively.CONCLUSIONThese data suggest that carrier volume profoundly affects soybean response to dicamba. Therefore, soybean response to sublethal dicamba doses applied at a constant carrier volume may not reflect physical drift exposure.© 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Robust MPC for linear systems with bounded disturbances based on admissible equilibria sets
Authors: Santos Tito L. M. , Cunha Victor M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis article presents a robust model predictive control (MPC) for piecewise constant reference tracking based on a constrained linear model and a terminal constraint defined from the admissible equilibria set. The new robust MPC algorithm based on nominal predictions ensures recursive feasibility and convergence to an optimal target, but the terminal constraint is derived from an admissible equilibria set with a suitable disturbance translation. The computation of the proposed terminal constraint is simple because no subset verification is required and the number of half‐spaces of the proposed terminal constraint is fixed a priori. A zonotope disturbance bound description is used to simplify the computation of the admissible equilibria. Furthermore, it is shown that the proposed strategy can be directly extended to other MPC algorithms based on artificial targets, as a stochastic MPC based on the individual chance constraints, for instance. Two case studies are used to illustrate the usefulness of the proposed robust MPC for piecewise constant set‐point tracking based on nominal predictions.
Therapeutic Mechanism of Nucleic Acid Drugs
Authors: Liu Lianxiao , Gao Haixia , Guo Chuanxin , Liu Tao , Li Ning , Qian Qijun 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNucleic acid drugs were a class of DNA/RNA molecules and considered able to be applied for protein‐related diseases treatment through regulating target proteins expression. A number of nucleic acid drugs have been approved for treating various disease, caused by genetic defects, viral infections and genetic mutations. Based on different structural characteristics, this review provided a comprehensive overview about the nucleic acid drug's medicinal mechanism, clinical development, application, and also discussed the opportunities and challenges in nucleic acid drugs development.
Effective Heterogeneous Fenton‐Like degradation of Malachite Green Dye Using the Core‐Shell Fe3O4@SiO2Nano‐Catalyst
Authors: Mahmud Nafis , Benamor Abdelbaki , Nasser Mustafa S. , Ba‐Abbad Muneer M. , El‐Naas Muftah H. , Mohammad Abdul Wahab 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this study, the application of the core‐shell Fe3O4@SiO2nano‐catalysts for fenton‐like degradation of malachite green dye has been presented. The nano‐catalysts were prepared using a combination of solvothermal and sol‐gel techniques and characterized using XRD, FTIR, SEM/EDX, TEM and VSM techniques. The effects of various reaction parameters on the degradation of malachite green dye using the prepared nano‐catalysts were investigated. The optimal condition for pH, catalyst dosage and H2O2amount were found to be at 6.7, 15 mg and 50 μL, respectively. Under the optimized conditions, a degradation efficiency of 96.18 % for malachite green dye was achieved using the catalyst within 30 minutes at 303 K with a pseudo first order rate constant of 0.1102 min−1. The plausible mechanism for MG degradation was determined to be the combination of adsorption and simultaneous decomposition via formation of hydroxyl radicals. The performance of the nano‐catalyst was compared with other fenton‐like catalysts reported in the literature. Finally, the magnetic properties of the Fe3O4@SiO2catalysts was utilized for its successful recovery and application in multiple degradation cycles.
Stereoselective Approaches for Building the C14‐C21 Fragment of Eribulin
Authors: Kumar Mallurwar Naveen , Khatravath Mahender , Konda Saidulu , Thatikonda Thanusha , Iqbal Javed , Arya Prabhat 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHerein, we report a practical stereoselective synthesis of C14‐C21 and C15‐C21 tetrahydrofuran‐based fragment of eribulin using two different approaches. The approach utilizes iodoetherification and intra molecular oxa‐Michael additions as key steps in individual approaches using R,R‐tartaric acid and L‐ascorbic acids as cost effective chiral starting materials.
Novel Annulation of Cyanuric Chloride with 2‐Aminobenzamides: A New Approach to 2‐Amino‐3‐substituted Quinazolin‐4(3H)‐ones
Authors: Soda Anil Kumar , Sriramoju Vinodkumar , Chellu Ramesh Kumar , Chilaka Sai Krishna , Kurva Srinivas , Bansod Sudhakar , Madabhushi Sridhar 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA simple and efficient method for preparation of 2‐amino‐ 3‐substituted quinazolin‐4(3H)‐ones by reaction of cyanuric chloride with 2‐amino N‐substituted benzamides in acetonitrile‐water (2 : 1) using sodium bicarbonate as a mild base is described. Using this metal‐free method, a variety of 2‐amino‐3‐substituted quinazolin‐4(3H)‐ones were obtained in good to excellent yields. Here, both organic and inorganic bases were found to promote this reaction and the best results were observed with sodium bicarbonate. This study is the first observation of cyanuric chloride to act as a source for creation of amine functionality in 2‐amino‐3‐substituted quinazolin‐4(3H)‐ones.
$$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 1 Super-Yang-Mills theory on the lattice with twisted mass fermions
Authors: Steinhauser Marc , Sternbeck André , Wellegehausen Björn , Wipf Andreas 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Super-Yang-Mills theory (SYM) is a central building block for supersymmetric extensions of the Standard Model of particle physics. Whereas the weakly coupled subsector of the latter can be treated within a perturbative setting, the strongly coupled subsector must be dealt with a non-perturbative approach. Such an approach is provided by the lattice formulation. Unfortunately a lattice regularization breaks supersymmetry and consequently the mass degeneracy within a supermultiplet. In this article we investigate the properties of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 supersymmetric SU(3) Yang-Mills theory with a lattice Wilson Dirac operator with an additional parity mass, similar as in twisted mass lattice QCD. We show that a special 45° twist effectively removes the mass splitting of the chiral partners. Thus, at finite lattice spacing both chiral and supersymmetry are enhanced resulting in an improved continuum extrapolation. Furthermore, we show that for the non-interacting theory at 45° twist discretization errors of order $$ \mathcal{O}(a) $$
O

a

are suppressed, suggesting that the same happens for the interacting theory as well. As an aside, we demonstrate that the DDαAMG multigrid algorithm accelerates the inversion of the Wilson Dirac operator considerably. On a 163× 32 lattice, speed-up factors of up to 20 are reached if commonly used algorithms are replaced by the DDαAMG.