bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of Acute Myocarditis/Pericarditis in Hong Kong Adolescents Following Comirnaty Vaccination
Authors: Chua Gilbert T , Kwan Mike Yat Wah , Chui Celine S L , Smith Robert David , Cheung Edmund Chi Lok , Ma Tian , Leung Miriam T Y , Tsao Sabrina Siu Ling , Kan Elaine , Ng Wing Kei Carol , Chan Victor Chi Man , Tai Shuk Mui , Yu Tak Ching , Lee Kwok Piu , Wong Joshua Sung Chih , Lin Ying Kit , Shek Chi Chiu , Leung Agnes Sze Yin , Chow Chit Kwong , Li Ka Wah , Ma Johnny , Fung Wai Yuk , Lee Daniel , Ng Ming Yen , Wong Wilfred Hing Sang , Tsang Hing Wai , Kwok Janette , Leung Daniel , Chung Kin Lai , Chow Chun Bong , Chan Godfrey Chi Fung , Leung Wing Hang , To Kelvin Kai Wang , Yuen Kwok Yung , Lau Yu Lung , Wong Ian Chi Kei , Ip Patrick 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
Age-specific incidence of acute myocarditis/pericarditis in adolescents following Comirnaty vaccination in Asia is lacking. This study aimed to study the clinical characteristics and incidence of acute myocarditis/pericarditis among Hong Kong adolescents following Comirnaty vaccination.

Methods
This is a population cohort study in Hong Kong that monitored adverse events following immunization through a pharmacovigilance system for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines. All adolescents aged between 12 and 17 years following Comirnaty vaccination were monitored under the COVID-19 vaccine adverse event response and evaluation program. The clinical characteristics and overall incidence of acute myocarditis/pericarditis in adolescents following Comirnaty vaccination were analyzed.

Results
Between 14 June 2021 and 4 September 2021, 33 Chinese adolescents who developed acute myocarditis/pericarditis following Comirnaty vaccination were identified. In total, 29 (87.88%) were male and 4 (12.12%) were female, with a median age of 15.25 years. And 27 (81.82%) and 6 (18.18%) cases developed acute myocarditis/pericarditis after receiving the second and first dose, respectively. All cases are mild and required only conservative management. The overall incidence of acute myocarditis/pericarditis was 18.52 (95% confidence interval [CI], 11.67–29.01) per 100 000 persons vaccinated. The incidence after the first and second doses were 3.37 (95% CI, 1.12–9.51) and 21.22 (95% CI, 13.78–32.28 per 100 000 persons vaccinated, respectively. Among male adolescents, the incidence after the first and second doses were 5.57 (95% CI, 2.38–12.53) and 37.32 (95% CI, 26.98–51.25) per 100 000 persons vaccinated.

Conclusions
There is a significant increase in the risk of acute myocarditis/pericarditis following Comirnaty vaccination among Chinese male adolescents, especially after the second dose.
Acute and Persistent Symptoms in Children With Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)–Confirmed Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection Compared With Test-Negative Children in England: Active, Prospective, National Surveillance
Authors: Zavala Maria , Ireland Georgina , Amin-Chowdhury Zahin , Ramsay Mary E , Ladhani Shamez N 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
Most children recover quickly after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but some may have ongoing symptoms. Follow-up studies have been limited by small sample sizes and lack of appropriate controls.

Methods
We used national testing data to identify children aged 2–16 years with a SARS-CoV-2 PCR test during 1–7 January 2021 and randomly selected 1500 PCR-positive cases and 1500 matched PCR-negative controls. Parents were asked to complete a questionnaire about the acute illness and prespecified neurological, dermatological, sensory, respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, mental health (including emotional and behavioral well-being), and other symptoms experienced ≥5 times at 1 month after the PCR test.

Results
Overall, 35.0% (859/2456) completed the questionnaire, including 38.0% (472/1242) of cases and 32% (387/1214) of controls, of whom 68% (320/472) and 40% (154/387) were symptomatic, respectively. The most prevalent acute symptoms were cough (249/859, 29.0%), fever (236/859, 27.5%), headache (236/859, 27.4%), and fatigue (231/859, 26.9%). One month later, 21/320 (6.7%) of symptomatic cases and 6/154 (4.2%) of symptomatic controls (P = .24) experienced ongoing symptoms. Of the 65 ongoing symptoms solicited, 3 clusters were significantly (P &lt; .05) more common, albeit at low prevalence, among symptomatic cases (3–7%) than symptomatic controls (0–3%): neurological, sensory, and emotional and behavioral well-being. Mental health symptoms were reported by all groups but more frequently among symptomatic cases than symptomatic controls or asymptomatic children.

Conclusions
Children with symptomatic COVID-19 had a slightly higher prevalence of ongoing symptoms than symptomatic controls, and not as high as previously reported. Healthcare resources should be prioritized to support the mental health of children.
Seasonal glacier and snow loading in Svalbard recovered from geodetic observations
Authors: Kierulf H P , van Pelt W J J , Petrov L , Dähnn M , Kirkvik A-S , Omang O 
Published: November 2021

SUMMARYWe processed time-series from seven Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) stations and one Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) station in Svalbard. The goal was to capture the seasonal vertical displacements caused by elastic response of variable mass load due to ice and snow accumulation. We found that estimates of the annual signal in different GNSS solutions disagree by more than 3 mm which makes geophysical interpretation of raw GNSS time-series problematic. To overcome this problem, we have used an enhanced Common Mode (CM) filtering technique. The time-series are differentiated by the time-series from remote station BJOS with known mass loading signals removed a priori. Using this technique, we have achieved a substantial reduction of the differences between the GNSS solutions. We have computed mass loading time-series from a regional Climatic Mass Balance (CMB) and snow model that provides the amount of water equivalent at a 1 km resolution with a time step of 7 d. We found that the entire vertical loading signal is present in data of two totally independent techniques at a statistically significant level of 95 per cent. This allowed us to conclude that the remaining errors in vertical signal derived from the CMB model are less than 0.2 mm at that significance level. Refining the land water storage loading model with a CMB model resulted in a reduction of the annual amplitude from 2.1 to 1.1 mm in the CM filtered time-series, while it had only a marginal impact on raw time-series. This provides a strong evidence that CM filtering is essential for revealing local periodic signals when a millimetre level of accuracy is required.
Surface and Air Contamination With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 From Hospitalized Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients in Toronto, Canada, March–May 2020
Authors: Kotwa Jonathon D , Jamal Alainna J , Mbareche Hamza , Yip Lily , Aftanas Patryk , Barati Shiva , Bell Natalie G , Bryce Elizabeth , Coomes Eric , Crowl Gloria , Duchaine Caroline , Faheem Amna , Farooqi Lubna , Hiebert Ryan , Katz Kevin , Khan Saman , Kozak Robert , Li Angel X , Mistry Henna P , Mozafarihashjin Mohammad , Nasir Jalees A , Nirmalarajah Kuganya , Panousis Emily M , Paterson Aimee , Plenderleith Simon , Powis Jeff , Prost Karren , Schryer Renée , Taylor Maureen , Veillette Marc , Wong Titus , Zoe Zhong Xi , McArthur Andrew G , McGeer Allison J , Mubareka Samira 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
We determined the burden of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in air and on surfaces in rooms of patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and investigated patient characteristics associated with SARS-CoV-2 environmental contamination.

Methods
Nasopharyngeal swabs, surface, and air samples were collected from the rooms of 78 inpatients with COVID-19 at 6 acute care hospitals in Toronto from March to May 2020. Samples were tested for SARS-CoV-2 ribonucleic acid (RNA), cultured to determine potential infectivity, and whole viral genomes were sequenced. Association between patient factors and detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in surface samples were investigated.

Results
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 RNA was detected from surfaces (125 of 474 samples; 42 of 78 patients) and air (3 of 146 samples; 3 of 45 patients); 17% (6 of 36) of surface samples from 3 patients yielded viable virus. Viral sequences from nasopharyngeal and surface samples clustered by patient. Multivariable analysis indicated hypoxia at admission, polymerase chain reaction-positive nasopharyngeal swab (cycle threshold of ≤30) on or after surface sampling date, higher Charlson comorbidity score, and shorter time from onset of illness to sampling date were significantly associated with detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in surface samples.

Conclusions
The infrequent recovery of infectious SARS-CoV-2 virus from the environment suggests that the risk to healthcare workers from air and near-patient surfaces in acute care hospital wards is likely limited.
Genetic polymorphism of Trypanosoma cruzi bloodstream populations in adult chronic indeterminate Chagas disease patients from the E1224 clinical trial
Authors: Ramírez Juan Carlos , Acevedo Gonzalo Raúl , Torres Carolina , Parrado Rudy , De La Barra Anabelle , Villarroel Sandro , García Lineth , Gascon Joaquim , Ortiz Lourdes , Torrico Faustino , Ribeiro Isabela , Schijman Alejandro Gabriel 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
The role that the genetic diversity of natural Trypanosoma cruzi populations plays in response to trypanocidal treatment of chronic Chagas disease (CD) patients remains to be understood. We analysed the genetic polymorphisms of parasite bloodstream populations infecting chronic CD patients enrolled in the E1224 clinical trial.

Methods
A total of 506 baseline and post-treatment follow-up samples from 188 patients were analysed. T. cruzi satellite DNA (satDNA) was amplified and sequenced using cruzi1/cruzi2 primers, and samples with TcI/III, TcII, TcIV or hybrid satDNA sequences were identified. Minicircle signatures were obtained after kinetoplast DNA amplification using 121/122 primers and restriction enzyme digestion. Genetic distances between baseline and post-treatment minicircle signatures were estimated using the Jaccard coefficient.

Results
At baseline, 74.3% TcII, 17.9% hybrid and 7.8% TcI/III satDNA sequences were found, whereas at the end of follow-up the distribution was 55.2% TcII, 35.2% hybrid and 9.5% TcI/III. The placebo arm was the treatment group with the highest variation of satDNA sequences between baseline and post-treatment follow-up. Genetic distances between baseline and post-treatment minicircle signatures were similar among all treatment arms. No association between minicircle signature variability and satDNA type distribution was found.

Conclusions
Genetic variability of T. cruzi bloodstream populations during post-treatment follow-up did not differ from that observed during chronic infection in the absence of treatment, suggesting that there were no selection events of E1224-resistant parasite populations. This is the first report documenting the genetic polymorphism of natural T. cruzi populations in chronic patients in the context of clinical trials with trypanocidal drugs.
Reduced Susceptibility Towards Commercial Bait Insecticides in Field German Cockroach (Blattodea: Ectobiidae) Populations From California
Authors: Lee Shao-Hung , Choe Dong-Hwan , Rust Michael K , Lee Chow-Yang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractGel bait insecticides have been extensively used to manage the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.) (Blattodea: Ectobiidae), but issues with reduced effectiveness of such formulations are becoming increasingly common. We collected five field strains of German cockroaches in California and evaluated them against five commercial bait products [Maxforce FC Magnum (0.05% fipronil), Maxforce Impact (1% clothianidin), Advion Evolution (0.6% indoxacarb), Optigard (0.1% emamectin benzoate) and Siege (2% hydramethylnon)]. Increased survivorship and incomplete mortality towards all baits were recorded in the field strains. We assessed susceptibility to the active ingredients fipronil, clothianidin, indoxacarb, abamectin, hydramethylnon, and deltamethrin using topical bioassays with diagnostic doses (3 × LD95 and 10 × LD95) developed from the UCR susceptible strain. Low mortality was registered when tested with the 3 × LD95’s of deltamethrin (0%), fipronil (0–3%), and clothianidin (13–27%); low to moderate mortality when treated with the 3 × LD95 of indoxacarb (13–63%), and moderate to high mortality after treatment with the 3 × LD95 of abamectin (80–100%) and hydramethylnon (70–83%). The mortality of all strains remained low after treatment with the 10 × LD99 of deltamethrin (0–20%) and low to moderate with fipronil (20–70%). We found negative correlations (P &lt; 0.05) between Advion Evolution mean survival time and indoxacarb 10 × LD95 mortality and between Maxforce Impact and clothianidin 10 × LD95 mortality. These findings demonstrate multiple resistance towards all tested commercial bait insecticides except Optigard, suggesting the effectiveness of avermectin products in resistance management programs.
Effects of Plant-Mediated Differences in Aphid Size on Suitability of Its Parasitoid, Aphelinus varipes (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae)
Authors: Yasir Ali Muhammad , Lu Zhaozhi , Ali Abid , Bilal Amir Muhammad , Afaq Ahmed Muhammad , Shahid Sohaib , Liu Tong-xian , Pan Mingzhen 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Host plants indirectly affect parasitoid life-history traits via parasitoid hosts. Here, we evaluated the life-history traits of the parasitoid Aphelinus varipes emerging from the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae), feeding on five commercially important vegetables. The results showed that A. varipes fed upon and parasitized maximum number of aphids grown on chili pepper, and least on cabbage. The emergence rate was the highest on chili pepper (100%) and lowest on crown daisy (71.1 ± 2.17%). Aphelinus varipes developed fastest on hosts reared on chili pepper (12.9 ± 0.02 d) and slowest on aphids reared on cabbage (14.1 ± 0.02 d). The body weight and body size of emerging wasp parasitoids and aphids were greatest on chili pepper and lowest on cabbage. Aphid body size positively affect parasitism, development time, and body size of the parasitoid. In conclusion, our results showed that the parasitoid A. varipes had variable life-history parameters, depending on the host plant species and host body size. The effects of host plant species on performance of M. persicae and its parasitoid A. varipes are discussed, along with the potential of using A. varipes to control M. persicae on different plants.
Towards a common model for European poetry: Challenges and solutions
Authors: Bermúdez-Sabel Helena , Díez Platas María Luisa , Ros Salvador , González-Blanco Elena 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper stems from the analysis of multiple poetic resources that were available online, as well as the results of methodological discussions with scholars of European Literature. The goal was to retrieve the informational needs of all these different sources in order to build a common data model for European Poetry (EP). Thus, by implementing a reverse engineering method, we have created the Domain Model for EP, which is an important breakthrough for making existent poetry resources interoperable. The lack of a uniform academic approach to analyse and classify poetic manifestations, the divergence of theories when comparing poetry schools from different languages and periods is some of the factors that hinder the modelling process. In this paper, we will present some of the challenges we encountered while conceptualizing the information relevant to poetic analysis and how we have worked around them. Some elements of the ontology will be presented to illustrate our modelling strategies.
The Bayes’ factor: the coherent measure for hypothesis confirmation
Authors: Taroni Franco , Garbolino Paolo , Bozza Silvia , Aitken Colin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWhat have been called ‘Bayesian confirmation measures’ or ‘evidential support measures’ offer a numerical expression for the impact of a piece of evidence on a judicial hypothesis of interest. The Bayes’ factor, sometimes simply called the ‘likelihood ratio’, represents the best measure of the value of the evidence. It satisfies a number of necessary conditions on normative logical adequacy. It is shown that the same cannot be said for alternative expressions put forward by some legal and forensic quarters. A list of desiderata are given that support the choice of the Bayes’ factor as the best measure for quantification of the value of evidence.
An inventory of galaxies in cosmic filaments feeding galaxy clusters: galaxy groups, backsplash galaxies, and pristine galaxies
Authors: Kuchner Ulrike , Haggar Roan , Aragón-Salamanca Alfonso , Pearce Frazer R , Gray Meghan E , Rost Agustín , Cui Weiguang , Knebe Alexander , Yepes Gustavo 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
Galaxy clusters grow by accreting galaxies from the field and along filaments of the cosmic web. As galaxies are accreted they are affected by their local environment before they enter (pre-processing), and traverse the cluster potential. Observations that aim to constrain pre-processing are challenging to interpret because filaments comprise a heterogeneous range of environments including groups of galaxies embedded within them and backsplash galaxies that contain a record of their previous passage through the cluster. This motivates using modern cosmological simulations to dissect the population of galaxies found in filaments that are feeding clusters, to better understand their history, and aid the interpretation of observations. We use zoom-in simulations from The ThreeHundred project to track haloes through time and identify their environment. We establish a benchmark for galaxies in cluster infall regions that supports the reconstruction of the different modes of pre-processing. We find that up to 45 per cent of all galaxies fall into clusters via filaments (closer than 1 h−1Mpc from the filament spine). 12 per cent of these filament galaxies are long-established members of groups and between 30 and 60 per cent of filament galaxies at R200 are backsplash galaxies. This number depends on the cluster’s dynamical state and sharply drops with distance. Backsplash galaxies return to clusters after deflecting widely from their entry trajectory, especially in relaxed clusters. They do not have a preferential location with respect to filaments and cannot collapse to form filaments. The remaining pristine galaxies (∼30–60 per cent) are environmentally affected by cosmic filaments alone.
The role of the halo magnetic field on accretion through high-velocity clouds
Authors: Grønnow Asger , Tepper-García Thor , Bland-Hawthorn Joss , Fraternali Filippo 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
High-velocity clouds (HVCs) are believed to be an important source of gas accretion for star formation in the Milky Way. Earlier numerical studies have found that the Galactic magnetic field and radiative cooling strongly affects accretion. However, these effects have not previously been included together in the context of clouds falling through the Milky Way’s gravitational potential. We explore this by simulating an initially stationary cloud falling through the hot hydrostatic corona towards the disc. This represents an HVC that has condensed out of the corona. We include the magnetic field in the corona to examine its effect on accretion of the HVC and its associated cold gas. Remnants of the original cloud survive in all cases, although a strong magnetic field causes it to split into several fragments. We find that mixing of cold and hot gas leads to cooling of coronal gas and an overall growth with time in cold gas mass, despite the low metallicity of the cloud and corona. The role of the magnetic field is to (moderately to severely) suppress the mixing and subsequent cooling, which in turn leads to less accretion compared to when the field is absent. A stronger field leads to less suppression of condensation because it enhances Rayleigh–Taylor instability. However, magnetic tension in a stronger field substantially decelerates condensed cloudlets. These have velocities typically a factor 3–8 below the velocity of the main cloud remnants by the end of the simulation. Some of these cloudlets likely disperse before reaching the disc.
Red supergiants in M31: the Humphreys–Davidson limit at high metallicity
Authors: McDonald Sarah L E , Davies Ben , Beasor Emma R 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
The empirical upper limit to red supergiant (RSG) luminosity, known as the Humphreys–Davidson (HD) limit, has been commonly explained as being caused by the stripping of stellar envelopes by metallicity-dependent line-driven winds. As such, the theoretical expectation is that the HD limit should be higher at lower metallicity, where weaker mass-loss rates mean that higher initial masses are required for an envelope to be stripped. In this paper, we test this prediction by measuring the luminosity function of RSGs in M31 and comparing it to those in the LMC and SMC. We find that log (Lmax/L⊙) = 5.53 ± 0.03 in M31 (Z ≳ Z⊙), consistent with the limit found for both the LMC (Z ∼ 0.5 Z⊙) and SMC (Z ∼ 0.25 Z⊙), while the RSG luminosity distributions in these three galaxies are consistent to within 1σ. We therefore find no evidence for a metallicity dependence on both the HD limit and the RSG luminosity function, and conclude that line-driven winds on the main sequence are not the cause of the HD limit.
Nuclear poly(A) binding protein 1 (PABPN1) mediates zygotic genome activation-dependent maternal mRNA clearance during mouse early embryonic development
Authors: Zhao Long-Wen , Zhu Ye-Zhang , Wu Yun-Wen , Pi Shuai-Bo , Shen Li , Fan Heng-Yu 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
An embryo starts its life with maternal mRNA clearance, which is crucial for embryonic development. The elimination of maternal transcripts occurs by the joint action of two pathways: the maternally encoded mRNA decay pathway (M-decay) and the zygotic genome activation (ZGA)-dependent pathway (Z-decay). However, zygotic factors triggering maternal mRNA decay in early mammalian embryos remain largely unknown. In this study, we identified the zygotically encoded nuclear poly(A) binding protein 1 (PABPN1) as a factor required for maternal mRNA turnover, with a previously undescribed cytoplasmic function. Cytoplasmic PABPN1 docks on 3′-uridylated transcripts, downstream of terminal uridylyl transferases TUT4 and TUT7, and recruits 3′-5′ exoribonuclease DIS3L2 to its targets, facilitating maternal mRNA decay. Pabpn1-knockout in mice resulted in preimplantation stage mortality due to early developmental arrest at the morula stage. Maternal mRNAs to be eliminated via the Z-decay pathway failed to be removed from Pabpn1-depleted embryos. Furthermore, PABPN1-mediated Z-decay is essential for major ZGA and regulates the expression of cell fate-determining factors in mouse preimplantation embryos. This study revealed an unforeseen cytoplasmic function of PABPN1 coupled with early embryonic development, characterized the presence of a zygotic destabilizer of maternal mRNA, and elucidated the Z-decay process mechanisms, which potentially contribute to human fertility.