bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urban ideals and rural realities: Physiotherapists navigating paradox in overlapping roles
Authors: Gingerich Andrea , Van Volkenburg Kevala , Maurice Sean , Simpson Christy , Roots Robin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectivesRural practitioners who develop a sense of belonging in their community tend to stay; however, belonging means neighbours become patients and non‐clinical encounters with patients become unavoidable. Rural clinical experiences expose students to overlapping personal and professional relationships, but students cannot be duly prepared to navigate them because ethical practice standards primarily reflect urban, and not rural, contexts. To inform such educational activities, this study examines rural physiotherapists' strategies for navigating overlapping relationships.MethodsConstructivist grounded theory guided iterative recruitment of 22 physiotherapists (PTs) living and practising in rural, northern or remote (RNR) communities in British Columbia, Canada, and analysis of their experiences navigating overlapping relationships.ResultsPTs routinely navigate overlapping relationships while mindful of practice standards, neighbourly and community expectations, personal well‐being and patient welfare. While off‐duty, they balance opposing expectations and manage various responsibilities to achieve contradictory goals such as being a professional who protects patient confidentiality while being an active and cordial community member. While on‐duty, they face ethical dilemmas where deciding not to treat acquaintances potentially denies access to care but allows for clearer personal‐professional boundaries and deciding to treat contravenes (urban) practice standards but could allow for customised patient care based on knowledge gained through both clinical and social interactions.ConclusionOverlapping relationships are a rural norm. Urban ethical practice standards imposed on rural contexts put RNR practitioners in a paradoxical situation where clinical and social interactions must be but cannot be partitioned. Examining the identified strategies through the lens of paradox theory shows sophisticated cognitive framing of the conflicting and interrelated aims inherent to living and practising in RNR communities. Consequently, introducing a paradox mindset in educational activities could be explored as a way to prepare students for the ethically complex overlapping relationships that they will need to navigate during RNR clinical experiences.
A learning heuristic for integrating spatial and temporal detail in forest planning
Authors: Henderson Eric B. , Hoganson Howard M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe present a learning heuristic using dynamic programming (DP) formulations to address both spatial and temporal detail in multiobjective forest management planning. The problem is decomposed into smaller problems to avoid the curse of dimensionality associated with DP. The heuristic learns from multiple decomposed problem formulations to identify stands assigned the same management option regardless of formulation. Consistently managed stands are recognized, and the problem is eventually distilled to the most difficult to solve portions of the forest. The heuristic is demonstrated on a forest management problem with short‐lived core area wildlife habitat, where temporal detail is important. The problem is large due to the number of stand‐level management timing options and associated interactions with the management timings of nearby stands. Results show solution improvement along with substantial time savings over previously used heuristics. The learning heuristic enables analysis of large problems that emerge with high levels of spatial and temporal detail.Recommendations for Resource Managers:Adding spatial and temporal detail to forest planning models can improve the utility of the solution for some applications such as wildlife habitat management.Decomposing a large optimization problem into linked, smaller subproblems can speed the solution search time.Learning from problem decomposition solutions to formulate subsequent search attempts can improve the quality of a solution.
The role of dietary diversity in preventing metabolic‐related outcomes: Findings from a systematic review
Authors: Mozaffari Hadis , Hosseini Zeinab , Lafrenière Jacynthe , Conklin Annalijn I. 
Published: February 2021

SummaryDietary diversity has been linked to insulin resistance; however, studies are inconsistent on whether dietary diversity protects against metabolic‐related outcomes. We aimed to comprehensively assess metabolic‐related outcomes of greater diversity across the diet and within major food groups. A systematic search of peer‐reviewed literature was done in bibliographic databases (Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science) for longitudinal studies that reported on original research. Data extraction and quality appraisal used predefined criteria; reported findings were synthesized through a narrative approach. Fourteen studies were identified as eligible. Greater dietary diversity across major food groups, and diversity within fruits and/or vegetables, was associated with reduced risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Effects varied based on exposure definition and adjustment for known confounders. While diversity of less healthy foods was associated with greater adiposity, diversity of all foods and healthy foods was associated with reduced incidence of depression and cognitive decline. Evidence supports the protective effect of dietary diversity against cognitive decline and T2D. The association between dietary diversity and adiposity may be dependent on the healthiness of foods. Public health efforts to prevent metabolic‐related diseases should include an emphasis on a varied diet as a healthy eating strategy.
Trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 expression predicts outcome in oral squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Dourado Mauricio Rocha , Machado Renato Assis , Paranaíba Lívia Máris Ribeiro , González‐Arriagada Wilfredo Alejandro , da Silva Sabrina Daniela , Sawazaki‐Calone Íris , Graner Edgard , Salo Tuula , Coletta Ricardo D. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundTrophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (TROP2) has unclear clinical role in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC). Here, we investigated the association of TROP2 immunoexpression with clinicopathological parameters and survival of OSCC patients.Subjects and MethodsCancer‐specific survival (CSS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) were assessed in a cohort composed of 266 OSCC. An independent cohort with 88 OSCC samples matched with the normal oral tissue, as well as 17 metastatic lymph nodes, was used for validation.ResultsMultivariate analysis showed TROP2 as an independent marker of favorable prognosis for both CSS (HR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.40–0.90, p = .01) and DFS (HR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.36–0.89, p = .01). Furthermore, TROP2 protein expression was significantly higher in morphologically normal tissues compared to primary tumors (p < .0001) and lymph node metastases (p = .001), and it was significantly associated with CSS (HR: 0.26, 95% CI: 0.09–0.74, p = .008) in the validation cohort. A pooled mRNA analysis performed on the Oncomine™ database confirmed the underexpression in OSCC compared with normal tissues (p = .014).ConclusionsIn summary, our results point to a favorable prognostic significance of TROP2 overexpression in a large cohort of oral cancer patients, suggesting it as an attractive clinical marker.
Vertebral Collapse Prevented Following Teriparatide Treatment in Postmenopausal Kümmell's Disease Patients with Severe Osteoporosis
Authors: Gou Peng‐guo , Zhao Zhi‐hui , Zhou Jia‐ming , Ren Lin‐hui , Wang Xiao‐yun , Mu Yu‐feng , Wang Yun‐guo , Chang Feng , Xue Yuan 
Published: February 2021

ObjectiveTo compare the preventive effects of teriparatide and alendronate on the progression of vertebral body collapse in postmenopausal single‐level Kümmell's disease (KD).MethodsFrom March 2013 to December 2020, the medical records for 53 postmenopausal single‐level KD patients who received conservative treatment with teriparatide (25 patients, teriparatide group) or alendronate (28 patients, alendronate group) were retrospectively reviewed. Midsagittal computed tomography (CT) images were analyzed by ImageJ to assess the intravertebral bone formation (mineralized bone) by calculating the ratio of area of intravertebral mineralized bone (AIMB) to the area of fractured vertebral body (AFVB). The changes in radiological parameters of the fractured vertebral body including kyphosis angle (KA), anterior and posterior border heights (ABH and PBH) and spinal canal diameter (SCD), bone turnover biomarkers (BTMs), and bone mineral density (BMD) were analyzed to evaluate the therapeutic effect.ResultsAt month 12, the ratio of AIMB to AFVB was significantly greater in teriparatide group (54.28% ± 15.30%) than in alendronate group (35.57% ± 17.61%) (P < 0.001). Sagittal CT substantiated the formation of bone bridge in 16 patients in teriparatide group. No bone bridge was detected in alendronate group. The KA was significantly smaller and the ABH, PBH, and SCD was greater in teriparatide group than in alendronate group (all P < 0.001). The KA increments were significantly smaller in teriparatide group (3.98° ± 1.30°) than in alendronate group (11.43° ± 3.73°) (P < 0.001). The ABH and PBH decrement were significantly lower in teriparatide group (11.96% ± 1.93% and 2.80% ± 2.52%) than in alendronate group (37.04% ± 8.00% and 19.50% ± 8.22%) (both P < 0.001). The BTMs and BMD were significantly greater in the teriparatide group than in the alendronate group. In teriparatide group, KA increment was negatively correlated with the change in PINP (r = −0.781, P < 0.001) and the ratio of AIMB to AFVB (r = −0.592, P = 0.002) from baseline to month 12. The ABH decrement was negatively correlated with the change in PINP (r = −0.612, P = 0.001) and the ratio of AIMB to AFVB (r = −0.806, P < 0.001) from baseline to month 12.ConclusionsIn postmenopausal single‐level KD patients, conservative treatment with teriparatide was better than alendronate at preventing the progressive vertebral collapse.
Understanding Change in Social‐Movement Participation: The Roles of Social Norms and Group Efficacy
Authors: Smith Elaine M. , González Roberto , Frigolett Cristián 
Published: February 2021

Across the globe, collective action has been a notable driver of social change. Previous research has identified numerous psychological antecedents of collective action participation, such as group efficacy. The mobilizing influence of social norms, however, has been comparatively neglected. Among a nationally representative Chilean sample (N = 3328), a three‐wave longitudinal study tested the relationship between the perceived frequency of family and friends' participation in social movements (norms of close social networks) and change in the frequency of participants' own engagement over time. Perceived efficacy of social movements to facilitate social change was tested as a mediator of this relationship. A fully constrained bidirectional cross‐lagged panel model revealed that norms of close social networks significantly predicted social‐movement participation over time. This longitudinal relationship was also significantly mediated by group efficacy. Direct reverse paths were also observed, with social‐movement participation predicting norms of close social networks over time. Considering low degrees of political participation often seen in societies, these results suggest that utilizing the normative context to promote participation in social movements may prove fruitful in mobilizing the drive for social change.
Life insurance demand and borrowing constraints
Authors: Srbinoski Bojan , Poposki Klime , Born Patricia H. , Lazzari Valter 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe literature devoted limited attention to exploring the relationship between financial development and life insurance demand. Financial development supports life insurance supply by providing confidence in the financial system, more efficient payment systems, and higher availability of financial instruments. However, financial development reduces households' needs to save by relaxing borrowing constraints, indirectly affecting life insurance demand. We contribute by providing a demand‐driven explanation of the negative consequences of financial development on life insurance development. We find that more credit‐constrained countries have higher life insurance penetration on average. Indirectly, the role of borrowing constraints signifies the importance of life insurance policies as a financing tool in case of the realization of various background risks. This study integrates the knowledge from life insurance theory, life insurance lapse, policy loans demand, and saving under liquidity constraints literature and produces implications for researchers, policymakers, and life insurers.
Isomonodromy sets of accessory parameters for Heun class equations
Authors: Xia Jun , Xu Shuai‐Xia , Zhao Yu‐Qiu 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we consider the monodromy and, in particular, the isomonodromy sets of accessory parameters for the Heun class equations. We show that the Heun class equations can be obtained as limits of the linear systems associated with the Painlevé equations when the Painlevé transcendents go to one of the actual singular points of the linear systems. The isomonodromy sets of accessory parameters for the Heun class equations are described by Taylor or Laurent coefficients of the corresponding Painlevé functions, or the associated tau functions, at the positions of the critical values. As an application of these results, we derive some asymptotic approximations for the isomonodromy sets of accessory parameters in the Heun class equations, including the confluent Heun equation, the doubly‐confluent Heun equation, and the reduced biconfluent Heun equation.
Factors Influencing the Sex Ratio at Birth in India: A New Analysis based on Births Occurring between 2005 and 2016
Authors: Singh Abhishek , Kumar Kaushalendra , Yadav Ajit Kumar , James K. S. , McDougal Lotus , Atmavilas Yamini , Raj Anita 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPrevious research on sex ratio at birth (SRB) in India has largely relied on macro‐analysis of census data that do not contain the breadth of factors needed to explain patterns in SRB. Additionally, no previous research has examined the differentiation of factors associated with SRB across birth orders, a key determinant in societies affected by son preference. This study aims to fill these gaps using micro‐data related to 553,461 births occurring between 2005 and 2016 collected as part of the 2015–2016 National Family Health Survey. Analyses used multivariable logistic regressions stratified by birth order to examine associations with SRB at the national level. The SRB at birth order 1 was outside the biological normal limit, and generally increased with birth order. First births in households with wealth in the middle and richest quintiles, with mothers who desired a higher ideal number of sons than daughters, and in lower fertility communities had a higher probability of being male. Most SRB correlates were visible at birth orders 3 or higher. Programs and policies designed to address India's male‐skewed SRB must consider the diverse factors that influence SRB, particularly for higher order births.
Deconstruction and Epistemic Violence
Authors: De Schryver Carmen 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWhile theorists of epistemic injustice often refer to Gayatri Spivak’s “Can the Subaltern Speak” as an early articulation of the field’s concerns, they have stopped short of engaging deeply with Spivak’s deconstructive take on epistemic violence and her suggestion that this consists in an attribution of subjectivity to historically marginalized speakers. In redressing this oversight, this article makes a case for adopting a broader conception of epistemic harm and exclusion than has been acknowledged in the literature: I argue that the presumption that speakers are subjects can precipitate silencing. For in determining the other who speaks as a subject, one forecloses hospitality to an alterity not already understood according to the subject/object distinction central to Western metaphysics. This deconstructive intervention thus challenges one of the field’s key assumptions, namely, that epistemic harm consists in a failure to treat speakers as subjects, and consequently that generating a more inclusive dialogical climate depends on restoring marginalized individuals to subject status. Folding Spivak’s deconstructive insight into the remedial project of epistemic justice is therefore far from straightforward; nonetheless, I argue that it is consistent with the literature’s demand for a heightened sensitivity vis‐à‐vis the ways marginalized others are routinely harmed in epistemic practices.
Rates and causative pathogens of surgical site infections attributed to liver transplant procedures and other hepatic, biliary, or pancreatic procedures, 2015‐2018
Authors: Chea Nora , Sapiano Mathew R. P. , Zhou Liang , Epstein Lauren , Guh Alice , Edwards Jonathan R. , Allen‐Bridson Katherine , Russo Victoria , Watkins Jennifer , Pouch Stephanie M. , Magill Shelley S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractLiver transplant recipients are at high risk for surgical site infections (SSIs). Limited data are available on SSI epidemiology following liver transplant procedures (LTPs). We analyzed data on SSIs from 2015 to 2018 reported to CDC's National Healthcare Safety Network to determine rates, pathogen distribution, and antimicrobial resistance after LTPs and other hepatic, biliary, or pancreatic procedures (BILIs). LTP and BILI SSI rates were 5.7% and 5.9%, respectively. The odds of SSI after LTP were lower than after BILI (adjusted odds ratio = 0.70, 95% confidence interval 0.57‐0.85). Among LTP SSIs, 43.1% were caused by Enterococcus spp., 17.2% by Candida spp., and 15.0% by coagulase‐negative Staphylococcus spp. (CNS). Percentages of SSIs caused by Enterococcus faecium or CNS were higher after LTPs than BILIs, whereas percentages of SSIs caused by Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcus faecalis, or viridans streptococci were higher after BILIs. Antimicrobial resistance was common in LTP SSI pathogens, including E. faecium (69.4% vancomycin resistant); Escherichia coli (68.8% fluoroquinolone non‐susceptible and 44.7% extended spectrum cephalosporin [ESC] non‐susceptible); and Klebsiella pneumoniae and K. oxytoca (39.4% fluoroquinolone non‐susceptible and 54.5% ESC non‐susceptible). National LTP SSI pathogen and resistance data can help prioritize studies to determine effective interventions to prevent SSIs and reduce antimicrobial resistance in liver transplant recipients.
Scalable Fully Bayesian Gaussian Process Modeling and Calibration With Adaptive Sequential Monte Carlo for Industrial Applications
Authors: Pandita Piyush , Tsilifis Panagiotis , Ghosh Sayan , Wang Liping 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Gaussian process (GP) regression or kriging has been extensively applied in the engineering literature for the purposes of building a cheap-to-evaluate surrogate, within the contexts of multi-fidelity modeling, model calibration, and design optimization. With the ongoing automation of manufacturing and industrial practices as a part of Industry 4.0, there has been a greater need for advancing GP regression techniques to handle challenges such as high input dimensionality, data paucity or big data problems, these consist primarily of proposing efficient design of experiments, optimal data acquisition strategies, sparsifying covariance kernels, and other mathematical tricks. In this work, our attention is focused on the challenges of efficiently training a GP model, which, to the authors opinion, has attracted very little attention and is to-date poorly addressed. The performance of widely used training approaches such as maximum likelihood estimation and Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling can deteriorate significantly in high-dimensional and big data problems and can lead to cost deficient implementations of critical importance to many industrial applications. Here, we compare an Adaptive Sequential Monte Carlo (ASMC) sampling algorithm to classic MCMC sampling strategies and we demonstrate the effectiveness of our implementation on several mathematical problems and challenging industry applications of varying complexity. The computational time savings of the ASMC approach manifest in large-scale problems helping us to push the boundaries of applicability and scalability of GPs for model calibration in various domains of the industry, including but not limited to design automation, design engineering, smart manufacturing, predictive maintenance, and supply chain manufacturing.
A Numerical Study on the Evolution of Random Seas With the Occurrence of Rogue Waves
Authors: Zhou Zhuowei , Zhang Ningchuan , Huang Guoxing 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Numerous numerical and experimental investigations show that rogue waves present much larger probabilities of occurrence than predicted by the linear random wave model, i.e., Gaussian distributed waves. The deviation from normal statistical events excites a continuous concern about rogue wave research. In this study, rogue waves under long-crested and narrow-banded wave trains are checked using the high-order spectral (HOS)-NST model. The JONSWAP wave spectra with random phases are selected as the initial state of the incoming wave trains. Different values of spectral parameters are chosen to reproduce different random sea states with different Benjamin–Feir index (BFI). Numerical results are compared with the classical experimental study and show good agreements. Statistical properties of rogue waves are recounted again within the analysis of exceedance distribution function (EDF) of wave heights and wave crests. Spectral changes are examined, and the monotonic increases with BFI are stressed. However, no bifurcations are observed for BFI near 1. For large BFI, quasi-resonance interactions dominate the wave nonlinearities, and the resulted dynamic excess kurtosis involves initially monotonic enhancement along with space, peaking at around 20–30 wavelengths, but stays at stably high-level values. The quasi-steady-state of dynamic excess kurtosis after full interaction of wave nonlinearities in time and space demonstrates a continuous emergence of rogue waves much more frequent than normality. The changes of excess kurtosis along x are complicated where BFI near 1 and the occurrence of rogue waves might be enhanced even for BFI slightly inferior to 1.
Homeostatic response of Aptian gymnosperms to changes in atmospheric CO2 concentrations
Authors: Mora Germán , Carmo Ana M. , Elliott William 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The sensitivity of plant carbon isotope fractionation (13Δleaf) to changes in atmospheric CO2 concentrations (Ca) is the subject of heavy debate, with some studies finding no sensitivity, while others show a strong dependency. We tested the hypothesis of photosynthetic homeostasis by using δ13C of n-alkanes, cuticles, and bulk organic matter of gymnosperm-rich rocks (Arundel Clay) from two sites deposited during the Aptian, a time that experienced signifi-cant Ca variations. Our results show no effect of Ca on 13Δleaf, and a relatively constant Ci/Ca (0.64 ± 0.04, 1σ; i—intercellular space), a value that is similar to that of modern gymnosperms. These results suggest that Aptian gymnosperms used homeostatic adjustments with rising Ca, probably involving increased carbon assimilation and/or stomatal closure, a response also found in modern gymnosperms. The similarity between Aptian and modern gymnosperms suggests that the processes responsible for regulating CO2 and water vapor exchange during photosynthesis have remained unaltered in gymnosperms for the past 128 m.y.