bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abuse and Neglect in Nursing Homes: The Role of Serious Mental Illness
Authors: Jester Dylan J , Molinari Victor , Bowblis John R , Dobbs Debra , Zgibor Janice C , Andel Ross 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Nursing homes (NHs) are serving a large number of residents with serious mental illness (SMI). We analyze the highest (“High SMI”) quartile of NHs based on the proportion of residents with SMI and compare NHs on health deficiencies and the incidence of deficiencies given for resident abuse, neglect, and involuntary seclusion.

Research Design and Methods
We used national Certification and Survey Provider Enhanced Reports data for all freestanding certified NHs in the continental United States from 2014 to 2017 (14,698 NHs; 41,717 recertification inspections; 246,528 deficiencies). Differences in the number of deficiencies, a weighted deficiency score, the deficiency grade, and the facility characteristics associated with deficiencies for abuse, neglect, and involuntary seclusion were examined in High SMI. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and odds ratios (ORs) were reported with 95% confidence intervals.

Results
High-SMI NHs did not receive more deficiencies or a greater weighted deficiency score per recertification inspection. Deficiencies given to High-SMI NHs were associated with a wider scope, especially Pattern (IRR: 1.03 [1.00, 1.07]) and Widespread (IRR: 1.07 [1.02, 1.11]). High-SMI NHs were more likely to be cited for resident abuse and neglect (OR: 1.49 [1.23, 1.81]) and the policies to prohibit and monitor for abuse and neglect (OR: 1.18 [1.08, 1.30]) in comparison to all other NHs.

Discussion and Implications
Although resident abuse, neglect, and involuntary seclusion are rarely cited, these deficiencies are disproportionately found in High-SMI NHs. Further work is needed to disentangle the antecedents to potential resident abuse and neglect in those with mental health care needs.
A Randomized Phase 1/2 Study of a Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prefusion F Vaccine
Authors: Walsh Edward E , Falsey Ann R , Scott Daniel A , Gurtman Alejandra , Zareba Agnieszka M , Jansen Kathrin U , Gruber William C , Dormitzer Philip R , Swanson Kena A , Radley David , Gomme Emily , Cooper David , Schmoele-Thoma Beate 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
Protection against human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) remains an unmet need potentially addressable by maternal immunization. This phase 1/2 study evaluated a bivalent prefusion F vaccine (RSVpreF) with antigens from RSV subgroups A and B.

Methods
Adults 18–49 years old (N = 618) were randomized to receive placebo or 60, 120, or 240 µg RSVpreF with or without Al(OH)3. Safety and immunogenicity were evaluated.

Results
RSVpreF recipients more frequently reported local reactions and systemic events than placebo recipients; these were mostly mild or moderate. No vaccine-related serious adverse events occurred through 12 months postvaccination. All RSVpreF formulations induced 1-month postvaccination virus-neutralizing titers higher than those associated with protection of high-risk infants by palivizumab, the only prophylactic currently available for RSV. Geometric mean fold rises (GMFRs) across RSVpreF doses/formulations were 10.6–16.9 for RSV A and 10.3–19.8 for RSV B at 1 month postvaccination, greater than those historically elicited by postfusion F vaccines. GMFRs were 3.9–5.2 and 3.7–5.1, respectively, at 12 months postvaccination.

Conclusions
RSVpreF formulations were safe, well tolerated, and induced robust neutralizing responses in adults. These findings support development of RSVpreF, which is being evaluated in a pivotal phase 3 study for maternal immunization.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT03529773.
Manipulation of Vector Host Preference by Pathogens: Implications for Virus Spread and Disease Management
Authors: Eigenbrode Sanford D , Gomulkiewicz Richard 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Some plant pathogens manipulate the behavior and performance of their vectors, potentially enhancing pathogen spread. The implications are evolutionary and epidemiological but also economic for pathogens that cause disease in crops. Here we explore with models the effects of vector manipulation on crop yield loss to disease and on the economic returns for vector suppression. We use two frameworks, one that simulates the proportional occurrence of the pathogen in the vector population with the option to eliminate vectors by a single insecticidal treatment, and one that includes vector population dynamics and the potential for multiple insecticidal sprays in a season to suppress vectors. We parameterize the models with published data on vector manipulation, crop yields as affected by the age of the plant at infection, commodity prices and costs of vector control for three pathosystems. Using the first framework, maximum returns for treating vectors are greater with vector manipulation than without it by approximately US$10 per acre (US$24.7/ha) in peas infected by Pea enation mosaic virus and Bean leaf roll virus, and approximately US$50 per acre (US$124/ha) for potatoes infected by Potato leaf roll virus. Using the second framework, maximum returns for controlling the psyllid vectors of Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum are 50% greater (approximately US$400/acre, US$988/ha) but additional returns for multiple weekly sprays diminish more with vector manipulation than without it. These results suggest that the economics of vector manipulation can be substantial and provide a framework that can inform management decisions.
Penile calciphylaxis—a complicated case managed with circumcision and glansectomy
Authors: O’Beirn Ellen , Muheilan Muheilan , Casey Rowan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Penile calciphylaxis is a serious manifestation of calcifying uremic arteriolopathy, with only a small number of cases reported in the literature. It is rare, characterized by calcification within the walls of small vessels, resulting in ischaemic changes to the skin, and is mainly seen in patients with end-stage renal failure (ESRF). Management of penile calciphylaxis is difficult, with both conservative and surgical approaches advocated for. Due to their comorbidity profile, patients with penile calciphylaxis can present multiple management challenges. We present a case of penile calciphylaxis in a patient with ESRF who was initially managed conservatively, and then underwent circumcision and glansectomy due to a necrotic glans penis and non-resolving penile pain. The patient was spared a partial penectomy and went on to make a full recovery.
Arg2P: an argumentation framework for explainable intelligent systems
Authors: Calegari Roberta , Omicini Andrea , Pisano Giuseppe , Sartor Giovanni 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this paper we present the computational model of Arg2P, a logic-based argumentation framework for defeasible reasoning and agent conversation particularly suitable for explaining agent intelligent behaviours. The model is reified as the Arg2P technology, which is presented and discussed both from an architectural and a technological perspective so as to point out its potential in the engineering of intelligent systems. Finally, an illustrative application scenario is discussed in the domain of computable law for autonomous vehicles.
Baryonic mass budgets for haloes in the eagle simulation, including ejected and prevented gas
Authors: Mitchell Peter D , Schaye Joop 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
Feedback processes are expected to shape galaxy evolution by ejecting gas from galaxies and their associated dark matter haloes, and also by preventing diffuse gas from ever being accreted. We present predictions from the eaglesimulation project for the mass budgets associated with ‘ejected’ and ‘prevented’ gas, as well as for ejected metals. We find that most of the baryons that are associated with haloes of mass $10^{11} \lt M_{200} \, /\mathrm{M_\odot } \lt 10^{13}$ at z = 0 have been ejected beyond the virial radius after having been accreted. When the gas ejected from satellites (and their progenitors) is accounted for, the combined ejected mass represents half of the total baryon budget even in the most massive simulated galaxy clusters ($M_{200} \approx 10^{14.5} \, \mathrm{M_\odot }$), with the consequence that the total baryon budget exceeds the cosmic average if ejected gas is included. We find that gas is only prevented from being accreted on to haloes for $M_{200} \lt 10^{12} \, \mathrm{M_\odot }$, and that this component accounts for about half the total baryon budget for $M_{200} \lt 10^{11} \, \mathrm{M_\odot }$, with ejected gas making up most of the remaining half. For metals, most of the mass that is not locked into stars has been ejected beyond the virial radius, at least for $M_{200} \lt 10^{13} \, \mathrm{M_\odot }$. Finally, within the virial radius we find that most of the mass in the circumgalactic medium (CGM) has not passed through the ISM of a progenitor galaxy, for all halo masses and redshifts. About half of the CGM within half the virial radius has passed through the ISM in the past however.
The Federal Case for Judicial Review
Authors: Delaney Erin F 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In ‘The Core of the Case Against Judicial Review’, Jeremy Waldron reset the terms of the debate over judicial review, concluding that a legislature outperformed a court as the institution best suited for resolving rights disagreements. Waldron’s arguments have had influence in both theory and practice, as even now, scholars and politicians in the United Kingdom (UK) draw on his work in debates over codifying the British constitution. But Waldron’s project is grounded in an unstated assumption—his political unit is a unitary nation state. Federation fundamentally challenges his approach and flips his conclusion on its head. This Article presents the “federal” case for judicial review and contends that, in a federation, it is the federal apex court that is superior to the federal legislature for settling disagreements over rights.
Predation, parasitism, and drought counteract the benefits of patch-burn grazing for the reproductive success of grassland songbirds
Authors: Verheijen Bram H F , Erickson Amy N , Boyle W Alice , Leveritte Kiana S , Sojka Jennifer L , Spahr Lauren A , Williams Emily J , Winnicki Sarah K , Sandercock Brett K 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Intensification of livestock production has reduced heterogeneity in vegetative structure in managed grasslands, which has been linked to widespread declines in grassland songbird populations throughout North America. Patch-burn grazing management aims to restore some of that heterogeneity in vegetative structure by burning discrete pasture sections, so that cattle preferentially graze in recently burned areas. Although patch-burn grazing can increase reproductive success of grassland songbirds, we know little about possible interactions with regional variation in predator communities or brood parasite abundance, or annual variation in weather conditions. Using six years of data from two tallgrass prairie sites in eastern Kansas, USA, we tested effects of patch-burn grazing on the rates of brood parasitism, clutch size, nest survival, and fledging success of three common grassland songbirds, Dickcissels (Spiza americana), Eastern Meadowlarks (Sturnella magna), and Grasshopper Sparrows (Ammodramus savannarum), among pastures managed with patch-burn grazing versus pastures that were annually burned and either grazed or ungrazed. Dickcissel nests experienced lower parasitism (72.8 ± 4.6% SE vs. 89.1 ± 2.2%) and Eastern Meadowlarks had higher nest survival (63.2 ± 20.5% vs. 16.5 ± 3.5%) in annually burned and ungrazed pastures than pastures managed with patch-burn grazing. However, average number of host fledglings per nesting attempt did not differ among management treatments for any species. Annual variation in weather conditions had a large effect on vegetation structure, but not on reproductive success. Probability of brood parasitism was consistently high (25.5‒84.7%) and nest survival was consistently low (9.9–16.9%) for all species pooled across treatments, sites, and years, indicating that combined effects of predation, parasitism and drought can offset potential benefits of patch-burn grazing management previously found in tallgrass prairies. Although differences in reproductive success among management treatments were minimal, patch-burn grazing management could still benefit population dynamics of grassland songbirds in areas where nest predators and brood parasites are locally abundant by providing suitable nesting habitat for bird species that require greater amounts of vegetation cover and litter, generally not present in burned pastures.
TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN is essential for asexual vegetative reproduction in Kalanchoë
Authors: McCready Kirsty , Spencer Victoria , Jácome-Blásquez Francisco , Burnett Jamie , Viveros Sánchez Itzel Margarita , Riches Zara , Kim Minsung 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The unique mechanism by which leaf margin cells regain potency and then form a plantlet in Kalanchoë spp. remains elusive but involves organogenesis and embryogenesis in response to age, day length, nutrient availability, and drought stress. In light of this, we investigated whether TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN (TOR), a conserved protein kinase in eukaryotes that controls cell growth and metabolism in response to nutrient and energy availability, may regulate plantlet formation. Kalanchoë daigremontiana TOR (KdTOR) was expressed in the leaf margin at the site of plantlet initiation, in the early plantlet cotyledons, and in the root tip of the developed plantlet. Both chemical and genetic inhibition of TOR Kinase activity in Kalanchoë daigremontiana leaves disrupted plantlet formation. Furthermore, downregulation of KdTOR in transgenic plants led to wide-ranging transcriptional changes, including decreased K. daigremontiana SHOOTMERISTEMLESS and K. daigremontiana LEAFYCOTYLEDON1 expression, whereas auxin treatments induced KdTOR expression in the plantlet roots. These results suggest that the KdTOR pathway controls plantlet development in cooperation with auxin, organogenesis, and embryogenesis pathways. The ancient and highly conserved TOR Kinase therefore controls diverse and unique developmental pathways, such as asexual reproduction within the land plant lineage.
Pairing strength in the relativistic mean-field theory determined from the fission barrier heights of actinide nuclei and verified by pairing rotation and binding energies
Authors: Kouno Taiki , Ishizuka Chikako , Inakura Tsunenori , Chiba Satoshi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We have studied the strength of the Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer (BCS) pairing force, used as a residual interaction to the relativistic mean-field approach, to reproduce the height of the inner fission barriers for actinide nuclei. It was found that increasing the pairing strength by about $13\%$ makes the reproduction of the inner fission barriers better over a wide range of actinide nuclei. This result was verified by using the moment of inertia of the pairing rotational energy, which was introduced to avoid mean-field and odd-mass effects in the pairing interaction, to deduce purely the pairing strength. The pairing interaction thus determined could also improve the description of the binding energy of heavy nuclei. As a result, a consistent picture among inner fission barrier, binding energy, and pairing moment of inertia could be obtained in terms of the relativistic mean-field + BCS theory for a broad region of the actinide nuclei.
Excess mortality associated with COVID-19 in Brazil: 2020–2021
Authors: Nucci L B , Enes C C , Ferraz F R , da Silva I V , Rinaldi A E M , Conde W L 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate excess mortality in Brazil from January 2020 to April 2021, according to the primary causes of death registered in the Brazilian Mortality Information System (MIS).MethodsCross-sectional study with data extracted from the MIS. Excess deaths were examined by the primary cause of death according to 11 grouped causes. Autoregressive models used mortality data from 2015 to 2019 to predict expected deaths from January 2020 to April 2021. Excess deaths were calculated as the difference between the observed and the expected number of deaths.ResultsTotal excess deaths of 370 055 were observed in the studied period, corresponding to a ratio of observed to expected of 1.14 in 2020 and 1.40 in 2021. Excess deaths were seen in three groups: symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified; other diseases of the respiratory system and coronavirus infection, unspecified site.ConclusionsThe excess mortality in Brazil in these 16 months was 1.20 times greater than the previous year. The increase in not elsewhere classified causes and causes of death associated to COVID-19 indicate caution about the negative balance for some causes. Furthermore, the inequalities of mortality reporting systems in low- and middle-income countries in relation to underestimation of mortality still need to be addressed.
Delimiting Chaucerian Obscenity in Caxton’s Second Edition of The Canterbury Tales
Authors: Flannery Mary C 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This essay takes a closer look at the changes William Caxton made to his second edition of The Canterbury Tales (c. 1483), focusing in particular on the material that he deleted from his first edition (c. 1477) and did not replace. Caxton’s well-known prologue to the second edition claims that one of the printer’s key aims is to ‘satysfye thauctour’ and repair the ‘hurtyng and diffamyng’ he felt his first edition had inflicted on Chaucer’s text and reputation by accidentally omitting some of Chaucer’s text and leaving in ‘somme thynges that he neuer sayd ne made’. I show that most of what Caxton deleted consisted of bawdy spurious verse but argue that the printer was more concerned with rooting out ‘counterfeit’ Chaucerian obscenity rather than obscenity in general. By making these corrections, Caxton reveals his sense that ribaldry is a recognized element of Chaucer’s trademark style, and one whose limits must be established in order for the edition to be made according to the poet’s ‘owen makyng’.
Crypt and Villus Transcriptomic Responses in Mouse Small Intestine Following Oral Exposure to Hexavalent Chromium
Authors: Chappell Grace A , Wolf Jeffrey C , Thompson Chad M 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOral exposure to hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) induces tumors in the mouse duodenum. Previous microarray-based transcriptomic analyses of homogenized mouse duodenal tissue have demonstrated Cr(VI)-induced alterations in various cellular pathways and processes. However, X-ray fluorescence microscopy indicates that chromium localizes primarily to the duodenal villi following exposure to Cr(VI), suggesting that previous transcriptomic analyses of homogenized tissue provide an incomplete picture of transcriptomic responses in the duodenum. Herein, transcriptomic analyses were conducted separately on crypt and villus tissue from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded transverse duodenal sections from the same study in which microarray-based analyses were previously conducted. A total of 28 groups (7 doses × 2 timepoints × 2 tissue compartments) were analyzed for differential gene expression, dose-response, and gene set enrichment. Tissue compartment isolation was confirmed by differences in expression of typical markers of crypt and villus compartments. Fewer than 21 genes were altered in the crypt compartment of mice exposed to 0.1-5 ppm Cr(VI) for 7 or 90 days, which increased to hundreds or thousands of genes at ≥20 ppm Cr(VI). Consistent with histological evidence for crypt proliferation, a significant, dose-dependent increase in genes that regulate mitotic cell cycle was prominent in the crypt, while subtle in the villus, when compared with samples from time-matched controls. Minimal transcriptomic evidence of DNA damage response in either the crypts or the villi is consistent with published in vivo genotoxicity data. These results are also discussed in the context of modes of action that have been proposed for Cr(VI)-induced small intestine tumors in mice.
Thyroid Storm Patients With Elevated Brain Natriuretic Peptide Levels and Associated Left Ventricular Dilatation May Require Percutaneous Mechanical Support
Authors: Arai Marina , Asaumi Yasuhide , Murata Shunsuke , Matama Hideo , Honda Satoshi , Otsuka Fumiyuki , Tahara Yoshio , Kataoka Yu , Nishimura Kunihiro , Noguchi Teruo 
Published: December 2021

OBJECTIVES:
To determine the characteristics of thyroid storm patients with acute decompensated heart failure who should be candidates for temporary percutaneous mechanical circulatory support in addition to beta-blocker treatment to prevent cardiogenic shock.

DESIGN:
A single-center, retrospective review of treatment details and data collected from electronic medical records.

SETTING:
Thyrotoxicosis complicated with acute decompensated heart failure.

PATIENTS:
Eight consecutive patients who were admitted to our hospital for acute decompensated heart failure with thyroid storm between December 2011 and August 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Of the eight patients, four were treated with percutaneous mechanical circulatory support.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Compared with thyroid storm patients who did not require percutaneous mechanical circulatory support, those who did had a significantly higher initial plasma brain natriuretic peptide level (1,231 [911–3,387] vs 447 pg/mL [243–653 pg/mL], respectively; p = 0.015), as well as a significantly larger left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (56 [54–63] vs 48 mm [38–48 mm], respectively; p = 0.029) and end-systolic diameter (50 [49–58] vs 28 mm [28–30 mm], respectively; p = 0.029) on echocardiogram. In terms of thyroid storm severity, the Burch-Wartofsky score was higher in patients with percutaneous mechanical circulatory support than in those without, although the difference was not significant. All patients survived this index admission.

CONCLUSIONS:
In thyroid storm patients, the presence of a high brain natriuretic peptide level, “left ventricular dilatation,” or both may necessitate hemodynamic assessment to determine the indication of percutaneous mechanical circulatory support before beta-blocker administration.