bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The potential study of marine aquaculture location in Eastern Bintan Island
Authors: Pramana R , Putra R D , Suprapto B Y , Nawawi Z 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Bintan is one of Indonesia’s islands, consisting of nearly 2408 small islands and directly adjacent to Singapore and Malaysia. The strategic geographic location and many small islands and supported by 95% of the sea area give Bintan Island an advantage in developing the marine aquaculture sector. This study aims to apply remote sensing analysis to collect comprehensive information on the strategic Marine Aquaculture Zone (MAZ) in the eastern part of Bintan Island. The data used in this study were the concentration of chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and Sea Surface Temperature (SST) from MODIS level-3 with a resolution of 4 km from January to December 2019. The pre-processing data analysis on SST and Chl-a concentrations was used SeaDas software to ensure the results of the data projections in the form of the World Geodetic System 84 (WGS84) format. The data processing stage uses ER Mapper software to project the SST distribution and Chl-a concentration into a contour. Post-processing data analysis was used ArcGIS software to determine the results of crossing the SST contour and Chl-a combination to obtain the optimal potential location for the Marine Aquaculture Zone (MAZ). Image data processing shows the lowest potential marine aquaculture location was in Bintan Island in West Season with 202 MAZ. The highest potential location for marine aquaculture on Bintan Island in North Season with 584 MAZ. The results showed the potential location for marine aquaculture locations in Bintan Island was widely distributed, and most of the locations far from the coastline of eastern Bintan Island. This study indicates that the east part of Bintan Island has the potential to be implemented for marine aquaculture areas to develop sustainable marine aquaculture production.
Antioxidant of n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of Padina sp with DPPH method
Authors: Akbar A , Soekamto N H , Firdaus  , Bahrun  
Published: July 2021

AbstractPadinasp. is seaweed which has high abundance in Indonesian waters, but the utilization of bioactive compounds is not yet optimal. This research intends to test the antioxidant activity of the secondary metabolites ofPadina sp. in South Sulawesi waters. The extraction process uses a multilevel maceration method with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol solvents, then followed by concentrating/drying the sample using the evaporation method. The extract obtained was then tested for phytochemistry, determined the levels of flavonoids and phenolics, and tested for antioxidant activity using DPPH method. The results of this research indicate that the extracts of n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol fromPadina sp. contains flavonoids and phenolics with levels 103.0435; 124.5109; 111.7391 mg QE/g sample and 1.1504; 7.1289; 3.6325 mg GAE/g sample, respectively. n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts ofPadina sp. has antioxidant activity with IC50 values 117.3622; 115.7171; 116.8350 ppm, respectively. The IC50 value of n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts ofPadina sp.is in the medium category for antioxidant activity.
Agro-ecological system and its significance to social security in small-island communities of the Central Maluku, Eastern Indonesia
Authors: Soselisa H L 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Local communities in central Maluku have constructed their agro-ecology, from settlement to forest, with particular plants and patterns. This terrestrial ecosystem has been gone along with a production of certain social institutions based on the understanding of their environment and resource use. This paper shows how the local agro-ecological system has been an effective strategy for ecological adaptation and environmental management of small island environment. The system of agro-ecology illustrates a significant temporal and spatial distribution of various forms of land use, reflecting the interconnectedness of natural resource management and local social security. Varied cultural rules and practices on system of agro-ecology demonstrate the role of different units that support local ecology as well as social security of kin-groups. The paper also shows how recent agricultural, socio-economic and cultural changes have shaped the adaptation and strategies, and how present trends of the ethno-ecological zones affect human-environment relations and community relations and livelihoods which in turn also affect local social security.
A new C & I for sustainable forest management
Authors: Supratman  , Alam S , Sahide M A K , Sabar A , Makkarennu  , Hasannudin D A L 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
According to the biophysical area, the government has set the land use of forest areas to be managed for specific management purposes. The implication is that the Criteria and Indicators (C&I) of sustainable forest management are arranged fractionally, based on the forest area’s function. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the application of C&I for sustainable forest management in conservation forests in the upstream area of the Jeneberang watershed in Gowa Regency. Field observations, interviews, focus group discussions, workshops, and documentation study conducted to collect primary and secondary data. The analysis conducted by the research were (1) Socio-Economic, (2) Landscape Change, (3) Activity-Based Management and (4) Policy Analysis. The results found the application of C&I of sustainable forest management based on forest function is ineffective because the forest area is an inseparable landscape unit, so the management unit should not be separated. Therefore, forest areas’ land use should be reconstructed based on the function of forest area (fractional) to “landscape-based watershed landscape”. C & I in measuring sustainable forest management performance should also be hierarchically structured interconnected input, outputs, outcomes, and impact indicators.
The study of forest land use on land characteristics and soil hydrological characteristics in the Wanggu Watershed, Southeast Sulawesi
Authors: Alwi L O , Marwah S , Astriwana  
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The preservation of natural resources such as forest, land, water and air is needed to ensure their ecosystem availability. The existence of forests as a water regulator is the main element of human life and other living organisms. The research objectives were to examine and determine the role of forest land use on forest land characteristics and soil hydrological characteristics in the Wanggu watershed. This study used a survey method and then conducted intensive observations. Forest soil observations were carried out by making a soil profile. Soil infiltration and permeability parameters were carried out through an infiltrometer and a permeameter, erosion and ETol using erosion prediction. The data used were primary data and secondary data. The results showed that: 1) the use of protection forest, production forest and agroforestry improves forest land characteristics, soil fauna and soil hydrological characteristics and soil erosion, 2) protection forest produces field capacitance, soil infiltration capacity and soil permeability higher than production forest and agroforestry with runoff, runoff coefficient and erosion < tolerable soil erosion, followed by production forest and agroforestry and 3) protection forest, production forest and agroforestry.
Small island watershed morphometric and hydrological characteristics in Ambon Region, Maluku Province
Authors: Latuamury B , Marasabessy H , Talaohu M , Imlabla W 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
With a relatively limited catchment area, the small island has special hydrological conditions. The hydro-morphometric approach of a watershed is essential for tracking and analyzing seasonal changes in small island watersheds’ hydrological characteristics. It is crucial to incorporate the hydrological elements of small islands, both geographically, ecologically, socio-culturally, and economically. Therefore, this study seeks to examine the morphometric and hydrological characteristics of small island watersheds in the Ambon Region, Maluku province. A geographic information system and the BFI + 3.0 digital recursive filtering method (RDF) are used in the research method. The findings showed that drainage density, bifurcation ratio, and bifurcation ratio significantly impacted water systems for watersheds, flood vulnerability, and river beds storage. Good drainage (Dd greater than 1–5) is included in drainage density. With very high flood levels and short recession periods, a riverbank ratio of less than 1 suggests rare watershed circumstances. This condition appears to have an increased vulnerability to flooding, marked by high runoff but low penetration and permeability. The bifurcation ratio shows that showing high peak discharge (Qp) and increasing times and rapid recession times, the watershed form appears to be rounded.
A new distribution record of the catshark Atelomycterus erdmanni (Scyliorhinidae: Carcharhiniformes) in Halmahera Sea, Eastern Indonesia
Authors: Jutan Y , Retraubun A S W 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The Halmahera Sea is one of Indonesia’s most biodiverse areas with 1,271 species of fishes, including endemic and endangered ones. The genus Atelomycterus (catshark) belongs to the Scyliorhinidae family, and is found in six different locations in the world. We obtained a shark specimen in July 2017 from the limit of the Kao Bay in the shallow waters of Bobale Island, North Halmahera Regency. We analyzed the DNA of this specimen to confirm the species of the sample according to its DNA sequences. The results were then compared to the database in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST). The results showed that the specimen’s DNA sequences have a 99% similarity with the DNA sequences of Atelomycterus erdmanni. This finding adds a new distribution record for this catshark in the Halmahera Sea, Maluku Province, Eastern Indonesia.
Insect diversity in vegetable crops of Waemital Village, West Seram, Indonesia
Authors: Hasinu J V , Rumthe R Y , Leatemia J A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Insects are found in almost all ecosystems. The more diverse the ecosystem, the more various species of insects will be. This study aims to determine the diversity of insect in vegetable crops. Field research was carried out in a vegetable plantation owned by farmers in Waemital village, Kairatu District, Western Seram Indonesia. Observations were made by survey methods in which insects was caught using swing insect net, pitfall trap and hand picking. Insect caught was preserved in plastic bottles contain 70% alcohol. Insects collected were identified at the Insect Collection Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture Pattimura University. Diversity (H’) and dominance (D) indices were analyzed using formula of Shannon-Wiener and Simpson, respectively. Totally, there were 2894 individuals of insect captured during the study which belong to 6 orders, 10 families and 11 species. Order Hemiptera with four species has the highest number of individuals, which is 2167 individuals or 74.88% of the total individuals collected. Most families was collected at chili field while the least was caught at tomato plantation. Based on diversity index (H’) and dominance index (D), insect community at vegetable fields in Waemital Village, Western Seram has moderate diversity with low dominance.
The effect of soaking in salt and atung (Parinarium glaberium, Hassk) on the quality of dried salted tongkol (Auxis thazard).
Authors: Pattipeilohy F , Moniharapon T , Sormin R B D , Moniharapon D L 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The study on the effect of soaking in salt and atung (Parinarium glaberimum, Hassk) has been conducted to investigate the quality of dried salted frigate tuna (Auxis thazard). There were 4 treatments of soaking in salt and atung applied in this study and a single soaking treatment in 25% salt concentration as control. Qualities parameter tested consists of objective tests i.e. the yield, water content, protein content, salt content, peroxide number, and TPC (Total Plate Count), and subjective tests consist of: appearance, smell, taste, and texture. The result of the research showed the yield of dried salted frigate tuna obtained through gradual soaking in salt and atung was ranged from 44.66% – 45.35%, while the yield obtained through single soaking salt treatment was 50.20%. Quality of dried salted frigate tuna objectively obtained through gradual soaking in salt and atung for water content, protein content, salt content, peroxide number and TPC (Total Plate Count), were 30.29 – 32.53%, 59.82 – 63.16%, 3.62 – 5.28%, 0,00 – 0,12 mg.eq./g, and 2.17 – 2.95 (Log X) or 1.48 – 8.91 × 102 CFU respectively, while for single soaking in salt 25% were 36.13%, 55.92%, 7.87, 0.27 mg eq./g and 2.21 (Log X) or 1.62 x 102 CFU respectively. Quality of dried salted frigate tuna subjectively obtained through gradual soaking in salt and atung for appearance, smells, taste and texture were 7.1–7.9, 7.0–7.7, 7,0– 7.9, and 7.0 – 7.7 respectively, while single soaking in salt were 7.2, 6.8, 6.9 and 7.0 respectively.
The influence of “api-api” (Avicennia marina) leaves extract on the quality of fresh mackerel scad (Decapterus russelli) during storage
Authors: Sormin R B D , Leiwakabessy J , Putra W H 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

“Api-api” trees (Avicennia marina) is known as mangrove that classified as family Avicenniaceae. Based on the previous study, ‘“api-api”’ (Avicennia marine) leaves obtained bioactive molecules which is function as anti-parasite, anti-fungi, anti-oxidant, and antibacterial, due to its steroid, terpenoid, saponin, flavonoid, alkaloid and tannin compounds. The work was aimed to study the influence of “api-api” (Avicennia marina) leaves extract on the quality of fresh mackerel scad (Decapterus russelli) during storage. Research method applied 2 treatment namely A soaked time of mackerel scad (Decapterus russelli) in “api-api” leaves extract and B storage time. Soaked time consist of 5 minutes (A1), 10 minutes (A2) and 15 minutes (A3), while storage time consist of : 0 hour (B1), 3 hours (B2), 6 hours (B3), 9 hours (B4) and 12 hours (B5). Parameters observed as indicator of fresh mackerel scad quality were pH, Total Volatile Bases (TVB), Total Plate Count (TPC) and Organoleptic. The result showed the treatments A immersed period and B storage time significantly influenced the pH, TVB and TPC value of the fresh mackerel scad (Decapterus russelli) during storage, but not influenced the organoleptic value. The best treatment applied was immersed period 5 minutes in methanol extract (A1) indicated by the lowest TVB and TPC value.
Determination of glass transition temperature and application for fabrication of polyphosphazene with high performance
Authors: Wu Shaojun , Xue Xiang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
To determine the relations of performance and structure accurately, polyphosphazenes with various substitution rates of phenoxy and ethoxy were prepared by nucleophillic substitution reaction, their structures and glass transition temperature (Tg) were characterized by NMR and DSC, respectively, and theoretical Tg of polyphosphazenes containing various structural units were calculated by Fox equation. We can find that Tg of polyphosphazenes decreased with increase of ethoxy contents, which improved low temperature resistance of the polymer. According to the measured value and calculated value of Tg, as well as the deduced mathematical expression of Tailor-Gorden equation, the relationships between Tg and ethoxy contents were proposed, which demonstrated that a plot of the Tg vs. ethoxy contents yielded straight lines when polymer chain owned higher substitution rates of phenoxy or ethoxy, while Tg of polymers with more structural units of phenoxy and ethoxy would be adjusted by a parameter of ωB. Based on the proposed relation, the application of fabrication on polyaryloxyphosphazene elastomer with better mechanical properties and low temperature resistance was successfully carried out. Therefore, the proposed methods can be useful in the prediction of polymer Tg and can also be used for structure prediction of polymers to match a target Tg value by this means, which are likely to have broad applications in polymer science fields.
Viscoelastic behaviors of high-viscosity rubberized bitumen containing waste cooking oil
Authors: Xu Xiong , Wu Qiaoyun , Shen Weili , Cheng Shukai , Chen Xuyong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
With the modification of crumb rubber (CR), the viscosity and elasticity of asphalt binder will be significantly enhanced. This study used waste cooking oil (WCO) to adjust the chemical fractions in the prepared CR modified asphalt binder (CRMA) for the purpose of reaching a better viscoelastic behavior. Further, the viscoelastic behavior of CRMA incorporated with 4% WCO was investigated and evaluated by constructing reliable master curves from outputs of the classical Christensen-Anderson model. The findings obtained indicated that the use of 4%WCO into CRMA binder just causes a limited decrease of the complex modulus, and in this case, the resulting binder still remains applicable to stand with the resistance to deformation from outside repeated forces; both raising temperature and incorporating WCO can be able to produce similar effects on the viscoelastic transition of CRMA binder approaching to higher frequency; once the environmental condition surpasses the viscoelastic transition temperature of CRMA binder, or WCO is added, the viscous behavior will be switched to a lower temperature; the Christensen-Anderson model is verified available and supportively recommended for viscoelastic analyses of binders.
Shade and salinity responses of two dominant coastal wetland grasses: implications for light competition at the transition zone
Authors: Jespersen Emil , Kirk Gro H , Brix Hans , Eller Franziska , Sorrell Brian K 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
Coastal wetlands are threatened by the increased salinity that may result from sea level rise. Salinity stress alters species zonation patterns through changes in competitive outcome between species differing in salinity tolerance. This study therefore aimed to understand how salinity and light affect two dominant and competing coastal wetland grasses that differ in salt tolerance, height and photosynthetic metabolism.

Methods
The C4 species Spartina anglica and the C3 species Phragmites australis were grown at five salinity levels (0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 ppt) and two light fluxes (100 % and 50 % of natural daylight) in an outdoor experimental setup for 102 d with full access to nutrients.

Key Results
Salinity reduced the biomass, height and shoot density of P. australis from 81.7 g dry weight (DW), 0.73 m and 37 shoots per pot at a salinity of 0 ppt to 16.8 gDW, 0.3 m and 14 shoots per pot at a salinity of 28 ppt. Biomass, height and shoot density of S. anglica did not respond or were only slightly reduced at the highest salinity of 28 ppt. High salinity also resulted in a higher tissue concentration of N and P in P. australis. Both species had low ability to acclimate to the lower light flux. Shade acclimation in S. anglica occurred via modest changes in specific leaf area, pigment content and biomass allocation.

Conclusions
High salinity reduced traits important for light competition and increased the nutrient concentration in P. australis leaf and root biomass, while this was overall unaffected in S. anglica. This is likely to reduce the competitive ability of P. australis over S. anglica for light because at high salinities the former cannot effectively shade the lower-growing S. anglica. Neither species effectively acclimates to shade, which could explain why S. anglica does not occur in the understorey of P. australis at low salinities.
Invaders from islands: thermal matching, potential or flexibility?
Authors: Claunch Natalie M , Goodman Colin , Reed Robert N , Guralnick Robert , Romagosa Christina M , Taylor Emily N 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Native-range thermal constraints may not reflect the geographical distributions of species introduced from native island ranges in part due to rapid physiological adaptation in species introduced to new environments. Correlative ecological niche models may thus underestimate potential invasive distributions of species from islands. The northern curly-tailed lizard (Leiocephalus carinatus) is established in Florida, including populations north of its native range. Competing hypotheses may explain this distribution: Thermal Matching (distribution reflects thermal conditions of the native range), Thermal Potential (species tolerates thermal extremes absent in the native range) and/or Thermal Flexibility (thermal tolerance reflects local thermal extremes). We rejected the Thermal Matching hypothesis by comparing ecological niche models developed from native vs. native plus invasive distributions; L. carinatus exists in areas of low suitability in Florida as predicted by the native-distribution model. We then compared critical thermal limits of L. carinatus from two non-native populations to evaluate the Thermal Potential and Flexibility hypotheses: one matching native range latitudes, and another 160 km north of the native range that experiences more frequent cold weather events. Critical thermal minima in the northern population were lower than in the south, supporting the Thermal Flexibility hypothesis, whereas critical thermal maxima did not differ.
Germ cells: ENCODE’s forgotten cell type
Authors: McCarrey John R , Cheng Keren 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMore than a decade ago, the ENCODE and NIH Epigenomics Roadmap consortia organized large multilaboratory efforts to profile the epigenomes of &gt;110 different mammalian somatic cell types. This generated valuable publicly accessible datasets that are being mined to reveal genome-wide patterns of a variety of different epigenetic parameters. This consortia approach facilitated the powerful and comprehensive multiparametric integrative analysis of the epigenomes in each cell type. However, no germ cell types were included among the cell types characterized by either of these consortia. Thus, comprehensive epigenetic profiling data are not generally available for the most evolutionarily important cells, male and female germ cells. We discuss the need for reproductive biologists to generate similar multiparametric epigenomic profiling datasets for both male and female germ cells at different developmental stages and summarize our recent effort to derive such data for mammalian spermatogonial stem cells and progenitor spermatogonia.