bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Service user and carer representatives’ experiences of the personal effects of involvement in clinical psychology training
Authors: Hill Adam , Tickle Anna , De Boos Danielle 
Published: October 2021

Purpose
Extant literature exploring service user (SU) involvement in clinical psychology training has been limited by its sampling from singular training programmes and its restricted application of psychological theory. This research seeks to counter limitations by exploring SUs’ experiences across multiple clinical psychology training programmes in the UK and by deductively applying psychological theory relating to power, recovery, identity and group development.

Design/methodology/approach
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 participants. A deductive thematic analysis was used to analyse qualitative data.

Findings
Five main themes were identified: environment determines sense of safety; meeting challenges; sense of purpose, worth and value; the person you see now is not the person I was; and wanting to break the glass ceiling.

Research limitations/implications
Carers are underrepresented and the sample does not contain SUs who were no longer involved in training.

Practical implications
It is important that the environment fosters psychological safety for SUs, via positive and supportive relationships with trainees and staff, with SUs being treated as equals and financially reimbursed as such. SUs and professionals need to explore managing and sharing power to enable SUs to feel valued and to reap benefits from involvement, including developing a positive sense of identity.

Originality/value
The research is part of the early literature exploring SUs’ experiences of involvement in clinical psychology training and is, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, the first to explore the personal effects of involvement across multiple programmes.
Global money laundering appeal index: application of principal component analysis
Authors: Tiwari Milind , Gepp Adrian , Kumar Kuldeep 
Published: October 2021

Purpose
The paper aims at developing a global ranking system determining a country's appeal as a destination for money laundering.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper uses principal component analysis (PCA), with a mix of standardised and unstandardised components relating to attractiveness, economic freedom and money laundering risk to come up with an index of money laundering appeal.

Findings
Four components relating to economic feasibility, financial liberty, government spending and tax regime are critical in influencing a country's money laundering appeal.

Research limitations/implications
This paper attempts to use a standardised and replicable methodology to condense into a single measure the complex and multifaceted phenomenon of a country's appeal as a destination for money laundering, thus avoiding the difficulty associated with precisely calculating illicit financial flows.

Practical implications
The ranking system could be used to determine the destinations attractive for laundering money. Such information can be used to come up with more effective preventative strategies to combat phenomena responsible for the stagnation of economic growth through tax evasion, corruption and creation of non-competitive markets.

Originality/value
It is the first attempt to use a statistical technique to understand the underlying components of a country's money laundering appeal.
Urban regeneration strategies and place development in contemporary Tokyo: the case of Shibuya Station area
Authors: Reggiani Marco 
Published: October 2021

PurposeThis paper aims to shed light on current initiatives of urban regeneration around the Shibuya Station area within the context of contemporary Tokyo’s place development strategies. The objectives are twofold: to illustrate the characteristics of the plans and the planning approaches framing the interventions; and to identify the strategies employed to reshape the cityscape.Design/methodology/approachUsing a case study approach, this paper combines data from historical and archival research, as well as policy documents and plans. These are supplemented by data from extensive fieldwork undertaken between 2015 and 2019 to critically assess and interpret the implemented policies and the outcomes of the regeneration.FindingsThe paper provides insight into the ongoing urban regeneration around the Shibuya Station area and identifies five key themes that summarise the strategies employed to transform the urban landscape in the area. Despite the apparent success and some innovations introduced by the redevelopment project, critical issues remain–especially around the privatisation of public space and the lack of a holistic approach to sustainability.Originality/valueThe paper examines a significant and timely case of urban regeneration. By critically discussing the implications of the redevelopment around Shibuya Station in the context of Tokyo’s current place development strategies, the study highlights the importance of an inclusive notion of sustainable development and contributes to the debate around Japanese urbanism and urban regeneration.
Preparation and evaluation of antimicrobial thiadiazol azo disperse dyes as colored materials in digital transfer printing ink for printing onto polyester fabric
Authors: Ali Ali A. , Elsawy Maha Mohammed , Salem Salem S. , El-Henawy Ahmed A. , Abd El-Wahab Hamada 
Published: October 2021

PurposePaper aims to preparation of new acid disperse dyes based on thiadiazol derivatives and evaluation of their use as antimicrobial colorants in digital transfer-printing ink formulations for printing onto polyester fabric substrates.Design/methodology/approachNew disperse dyes based on 1,3,4 - thiadiazol derivative (dyes 1–3) were prepared and evaluated by different analysis then formulated as colored materials in the ink formulations. The viscosity, dynamic surface tension and particle size distribution of the prepared inks were measured. The printed polyester fabric substrates were tested using a variety of tests, including light fastness, washing, alkali perspiration and Crock fastness, as well as depth of penetration. Density-functional theory (DFT) calculations were carried out at the Becke3-Lee-Yang-parr (B3LYP) level using the 6–311** basis set, and the biological activity of the prepared disperse dyes was investigated.FindingsThe obtained results of the physical of the prepared ink revealed that thiadiazol disperse ink is a promising ink formulation for polyester printing and agrees with the quality of the printed polyester fabric. The optimization geometry for molecular structures agreed with the analysis of these compounds. The HOMO/LUMO and energy gap of the studied system were discussed. The molecular docking analysis showed strong interaction with DNA Gyrase and demonstrated to us the high ability of these inks to act as antimicrobial agents.Practical implicationsThe prepared inks containing the prepared thiadiazol disperse dye were high-performance and suitable for this type of printing technique, according to the results. The prepared inks resist the growth of microorganisms and thus increase the ink's storage stability.Originality/valueThe prepared disperse dyes based on 1,3,4 - thiadiazol derivative (dyes 1–3) can be a promising colorant in different applications, like some types of paint formulations and as a colorant in printing of different fabric substrates.
Team learning process: a longitudinal study in dynamic situation
Authors: Kérivel Thibault , Bossard Cyril , Kermarrec Gilles 
Published: October 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to explore team learning processes used by soccer players in a professional training context by focusing on their identification and evolution for 22 months.

Design/methodology/approach
A soccer team from a professional academy participated to this study based on six training sessions. Qualitative data on training sessions were collected. Data analysis followed four steps: reporting the game timeline and behaviours connected to each situation; coding verbal data by delineating meaningful units of activity; classifying meaningful units of activity according to team learning processes derived from previous studies; and providing a temporal graph representing occurrences of team learning processes at each training session.

Findings
Results showed that soccer players used 13 team learning processes during training sessions. Two processes are mainly mobilized to visualize the situation and to plan. A temporal graph was edited to represent processes evolve over training sessions. The latter illustrated a stability in team learning processes mobilization during the 22 months follow-up.

Research limitations/implications
This study complete knowledges about team learning by providing a fine-grained understanding of how players learn in teams and how team learning processes evolve over time.

Practical implications
This paper can help practitioners who manage teams in high temporal pressure situations to design adapted training programs.

Originality/value
This exploratory study highlights that the team learning processes usually mobilized “off-field” could also be used by team members in high temporal pressure situations, “on-field”. This study offers an original longitudinal approach that fits with some recent calls for contribution about team activity and could benefit to other research fields.
Autophagy in skin barrier and immune‐related skin diseases
Authors: Liu Chi , Gu Lei , Ding Jie , Meng Qianchao , Li Nan , Dai Guifeng , Li Qinying , Wu Xueyong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAutophagy is a process which is highly conserved in eukaryotes to degrade or recycle cytoplasmic components through lysosomes to maintain cellular homeostasis. Recent studies have shown that autophagy also plays critical roles in cell apoptosis, inflammation, pathogen clearance, and so on under stressed conditions and thereby has been linked to a variety of human disorders. The skin is the largest organ of the body and serves as the first line of defense against environmental insult. Skin as a nutrient‐poor environment requires recycling of limited resources via the autophagy machinery to maintain homeostasis. Therefore, dysregulation of autophagy has been linked to skin diseases. In this review, we describe the molecular machinery and regulation of autophagy, discuss its role in keratinocytes and skin barrier, skin immune cells, and immune‐related skin diseases including autoimmune skin disorders, allergic skin diseases, infectious skin disorders, and antitumor immunity against skin tumor. Finally, we highlight the potential of autophagy as a therapeutic target for immune‐related skin diseases, and delivery of autophagy‐related molecules (such as inducers, inhibitors, or nucleic acid molecules) by virtue of physical materials (such as nanoparticles) or biological materials (such as peptides) to skin topically may obtain clinical benefits in immune‐related skin diseases. Moreover, developing autophagy‐related gene product‐based biomarkers may be promising to diagnose immune‐related skin diseases.
The mating system affects the temperature sensitivity of male and female fertility
Authors: Baur Julian , Jagusch Dorian , Michalak Piotr , Koppik Mareike , Berger David 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

To mitigate the effects of climate change, it is important to understand species' responses to increasing temperatures. This has often been done by studying survival or activity at temperature extremes. Before such extremes are reached, however, effects on fertility may already be apparent.

Sex differences in the thermal sensitivity of fertility (TSF) could impact species persistence under climate warming because female fertility is typically more limiting to population growth than male fertility. However, little is known about sex differences in TSF.

Here we first demonstrate that the mating system can strongly influence TSF using the seed beetle Callosobruchus maculatus. We exposed populations carrying artificially induced mutations to two generations of short‐term experimental evolution under alternative mating systems, manipulating the opportunity for natural and sexual selection on the mutations. We then measured TSF in males and females subjected to juvenile or adult heat stress.

Populations kept under natural and sexual selection had higher fitness, but similar TSF, compared to control populations kept under relaxed selection. However, females had higher TSF than males, and strikingly, this sex difference had increased over only two generations in populations evolving under sexual selection.

We hypothesized that an increase in male‐induced harm to females during mating had played a central role in driving this evolved sex difference, and indeed, remating under conditions limiting male harassment of females reduced both male and female TSF. Moreover, we show that manipulation of mating system parameters in C. maculatus generates intraspecific variation in the sex difference in TSF equal to that found among a diverse set of studies on insects.

Our study provides a causal link between the mating system and TSF. Sexual conflict, (re)mating rates and genetic responses to sexual selection differ among ecological settings, mating systems and species. Our study therefore also provides mechanistic understanding for the variability in previously reported TSFs which can inform future experimental assays and predictions of species responses to climate warming.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Deepened snow cover mitigates soil carbon loss from intensive land‐use in a semi‐arid temperate grassland
Authors: Li Ping , Sayer Emma J. , Jia Zhou , Wu Yuntao , Deng Meifeng , Wang Xin , Liu Chao , Wang Bin , Wang Yang , Bai Yongfei , Liu Lingli 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Carbon (C) loss due to soil erosion is a major issue in semi‐arid grasslands. The extent of soil erosion is determined by soil properties and vegetation structure, especially during the non‐growing season. In many Inner Mongolian grasslands, intensive land‐use, such as overgrazing and mowing, has severely reduced plant cover and damaged soil structure, which has exacerbated soil C loss by erosion. At the same time, increasing winter snowfall due to climate change is stimulating plant growth and altering plant composition. However, we do not know how changes in winter snow cover interact with land‐use practices to regulate soil C loss due to erosion.

Here, we conducted a 6‐year snow manipulation experiment under different land‐use practices (control; moderately mowed, MM; heavily mowed, HM) to measure net changes in soil depth, soil C, plant biomass and vegetation structure.

After 6 years, soil C loss under ambient snow was three times greater in the MM and four times greater in the HM treatment compared with controls during non‐growing season. However, deepened winter snow alleviated erosion‐induced soil C loss by 14%, 47%, 16% in the controls, MM and HM treatments respectively.

The severity of soil C loss declined with increasing above‐ground biomass (AGB), surface root biomass and vegetation structure. Vegetation structure and AGB explained more of the variation in soil C loss than surface root biomass, possibly because a complex canopy and plant cover increases overall surface roughness, thereby reducing soil C loss. Intensified land‐use reduced AGB, surface root biomass and vegetation structure, but deepened snow increased overall surface roughness by promoting AGB. Hence, our study demonstrates that deepened snow can alleviate soil C loss due to land‐use practices by promoting AGB.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Variability in environmental persistence but not per capita transmission rates of the amphibian chytrid fungus leads to differences in host infection prevalence
Authors: Rumschlag Samantha L. , Roth Sadie A. , McMahon Taegan A. , Rohr Jason R. , Civitello David J. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Heterogeneities in infections among host populations may arise through differences in environmental conditions through two mechanisms. First, environmental conditions may alter host exposure to pathogens via effects on survival. Second, environmental conditions may alter host susceptibility, making infection more or less likely if contact between a host and pathogen occurs. Further, host susceptibility might be altered through acquired resistance, which hosts can develop, in some systems, through exposure to dead or decaying pathogens and their metabolites. Environmental conditions may alter the rates of pathogen decomposition, influencing the likelihood of hosts developing acquired resistance.

The present study primarily tests how environmental context influences the relative contributions of pathogen survival and per capita transmission on host infection prevalence using the amphibian chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis; Bd) as a model system. Secondarily, we evaluate how environmental context influences the decomposition of Bd because previous studies have shown that dead Bd and its metabolites can illicit acquired resistance in hosts. We conducted Bd survival and infection experiments and then fit models to discern how Bd mortality, decomposition and per capita transmission rates vary among water sources [e.g. artificial spring water (ASW) or water from three ponds].

We found that infection prevalence differed among water sources, which was driven by differences in mortality rates of Bd, rather than differences in per capita transmission rates. Bd mortality rates varied among pond water treatments and were lower in ASW compared to pond water.

These results suggest that variation in Bd infection dynamics could be a function of environmental factors in waterbodies that result in differences in exposure of hosts to live Bd. In contrast to the persistence of live Bd, we found that the rates of decomposition of dead Bd did not vary among water sources, which may suggest that exposure of hosts to dead Bd or its metabolites might not commonly vary among nearby sites. Ultimately, a mechanistic understanding of the environmental dependence of free‐living pathogens could lead to a deeper understanding of the patterns of outbreak heterogeneity, which could inform surveillance and management strategies.
Temporal scale of habitat selection for large carnivores: Balancing energetics, risk and finding prey
Authors: Nisi Anna C. , Suraci Justin P. , Ranc Nathan , Frank Laurence G. , Oriol‐Cotterill Alayne , Ekwanga Steven , Williams Terrie M. , Wilmers Christopher C. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

When navigating heterogeneous landscapes, large carnivores must balance trade‐offs between multiple goals, including minimizing energetic expenditure, maintaining access to hunting opportunities and avoiding potential risk from humans. The relative importance of these goals in driving carnivore movement likely changes across temporal scales, but our understanding of these dynamics remains limited.

Here we quantified how drivers of movement and habitat selection changed with temporal grain for two large carnivore species living in human‐dominated landscapes, providing insights into commonalities in carnivore movement strategies across regions.

We used high‐resolution GPS collar data and integrated step selection analyses to model movement and habitat selection for African lions Panthera leo in Laikipia, Kenya and pumas Puma concolor in the Santa Cruz Mountains of California across eight temporal grains, ranging from 5 min to 12 hr. Analyses considered landscape covariates that are related to energetics, resource acquisition and anthropogenic risk.

For both species, topographic slope, which strongly influences energetic expenditure, drove habitat selection and movement patterns over fine temporal grains but was less important at longer temporal grains. In contrast, avoiding anthropogenic risk during the day, when risk was highest, was consistently important across grains, but the degree to which carnivores relaxed this avoidance at night was strongest for longer term movements. Lions and pumas modified their movement behaviour differently in response to anthropogenic features: lions sped up while near humans at fine temporal grains, while pumas slowed down in more developed areas at coarse temporal grains. Finally, pumas experienced a trade‐off between energetically efficient movement and avoiding anthropogenic risk.

Temporal grain is an important methodological consideration in habitat selection analyses, as drivers of both movement and habitat selection changed across temporal grain. Additionally, grain‐dependent patterns can reflect meaningful behavioural processes, including how fitness‐relevant goals influence behaviour over different periods of time. In applying multi‐scale analysis to fine‐resolution data, we showed that two large carnivore species in very different human‐dominated landscapes balanced competing energetic and safety demands in largely similar ways. These commonalities suggest general strategies of landscape use across large carnivore species.
Spillover effects of corruption and democracy on territorial attractiveness of foreign direct investment in sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Zallé Oumarou , Ouédraogo Idrissa M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article aims to analyse the spillover effects of corruption and democracy on foreign direct investment (FDI) attractiveness in sub‐Saharan Africa. To accomplish this, a dynamic spatial Durbin model that allows identification of both the endogenous and contextual effects was estimated. The results of the analysis show the presence of spatial interdependence of FDI attractiveness in sub‐Saharan African countries. The spillover effects transiting through democracy push FDI to agglomerate, while corruption pushes FDI to disperse. Furthermore, we find a strategic complementarity in FDI inflows between the countries in sub‐Saharan Africa, suggesting that an increase in FDI inflows to a host country is likely to stimulate FDI inflows to its neighbours. Therefore, they must coordinate their policies to attract FDI by setting up non‐discriminatory incentives between countries to limit the costs linked to attractiveness policies.
Elite Studies: for a New Approach
Authors: Bukodi Erzsébet , Goldthorpe John H. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAfter a period of declining interest in elites among social scientists, elite studies are now reviving. But it is important to understand why the decline occurred. We examine the largely contradictory explanations put forward by John Scott and Mike Savage and their related proposals for new research. We suggest an alternative approach that, we believe, would prove more rewarding. This entails treating elites as ‘small‐N’ entities, clearly distinct from social classes. On this basis, elites can be characterised through ‘prosopographical’ methods—the construction of collective biographies of their members. More reliable accounts can thus be produced of the social composition of different elites and, in turn, questions can be addressed as to how far their skewed recruitment results from the processes through which they are formally constituted as well as from the composition of the ‘pools’ from which their recruitment primarily occurs. Further questions follow about the implications for both equality of opportunity also also for the waste of talent and loss of diversity in elite memberships and for the neglected issue of the quality and the effectiveness of elites in whatever field they exist.