bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of reading with a mobile phone and text on accommodation in young adults
Authors: Liang Xintong , Wei Shifei , Li Shi-Ming , An Wenzai , Du Jialing , Wang Ningli 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the effects of reading with mobile phone versus text on accommodation accuracy and near work-induced transient myopia (NITM) and its subsequent decay during near reading in young adults with mild to moderate myopia.

Methods
The refractions of 31 young adults were measured with an open-field autorefractor (WAM-5500, Grand Seiko) for two reading tasks with a mobile phone and text at 33 cm. The mean age of the young adults was 24.35 ± 1.80 years. The baseline refractive aspects were determined clinically with full distance refractive correction in place. The initial NITM and its decay time and accommodative lag were assessed objectively immediately after binocularly viewing a mobile phone or text for 40 min.

Results
The mean ± standard deviation (SD) initial NITM magnitude was greater for reading with text (0.23 ± 0.26 D) than for reading with mobile phone (0.12 ± 0.17 D), but there was no significant difference between the two reading tasks (p = 0.082). The decay time (median, first quartile, and third quartile) was 60 s (16, 154) and 70 s (32, 180) in the phone task and text task groups, respectively. There was also no significant difference in the decay time between the two reading types in general (p = 0.294). The accommodative lags of text tasks and mobile phones tasks were equivalent (1.27 ± 0.52 D vs 1.31 ± 0.64 D, p = 0.792).

Conclusion
There were no significant differences in accommodative lags and the initial NITM and its decay time between reading with a mobile phone and text in young adults.
Naphthalene: irritative and inflammatory effects on the airways
Authors: Sucker Kirsten , Zschiesche Wolfgang , Aziz Mohammed , Drews Tanja , Hummel Thomas , Raulf Monika , Weiss Tobias , Bury Daniel , Breuer Dietmar , Werner Silke , Friedrich Claudia , Bünger Jürgen , Pallapies Dirk , Brüning Thomas 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective
This cross-sectional study determined whether acute sensory irritative or (sub)chronic inflammatory effects of the eyes, nose or respiratory tract are observed in employees who are exposed to naphthalene at the workplace.

Methods
Thirtynine healthy and non-smoking male employees with either moderate (n = 22) or high (n = 17) exposure to naphthalene were compared to 22 male employees from the same plants with no or only rare exposure to naphthalene. (Sub)clinical endpoint measures included nasal endoscopy, smell sensitivity, self-reported work-related complaints and the intensity of naphthalene odor and irritation. In addition, cellular and soluble mediators in blood, nasal lavage fluid (NALF) and induced sputum (IS) were analysed. All measurements were carried out pre-shift on Monday and post-shift on Thursday. Personal air monitoring revealed naphthalene shift concentrations up to 11.6 mg/m3 with short-term peak concentrations up to 145.8 mg/m3 and 1- and 2-naphthol levels (sum) in post-shift urine up to 10.1 mg/L.

Results
Acute sensory irritating effects at the eyes and upper airways were reported to occur when directly handling naphthalene (e.g., sieving pure naphthalene). Generally, naphthalene odor was described as intense and unpleasant. Habituation effects or olfactory fatigue were not observed. Endoscopic examination revealed mild inflammatory effects at the nasal mucosa of exposed employees in terms of reddening and swelling and abnormal mucus production. No consistent pattern of cellular and soluble mediators in blood, NALF or IS was observed which would indicate a chronic or acute inflammatory effect of naphthalene in exposed workers.

Conclusions
The results suggest that exposure to naphthalene induces acute sensory irritative effects in exposed workers. No (sub)chronic inflammatory effects on the nasal epithelium or the respiratory tract could be observed under the study conditions described here.
Assessing urban climate effects on Pinus sylvestris with point dendrometers: a case study from Stockholm, Sweden
Authors: Rocha Eva , Holzkämper Steffen 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Key message
Extreme drought conditions, in addition to the urban heat island effect, modify the growth response and water storage dynamics of urban Scots pine trees in the Stockholm region.

Abstract
Changes in surface properties of the urban environments significantly impact the local microclimate. While urban trees are known for providing important thermal regulation, the impact of urban climate on tree growth remains relatively unexplored. The present study focuses on the climate response and growth dynamics of urban Scots pine trees (P. sylvestris) in comparison to their rural counterparts. High-resolution monitoring of stem-radius variations using automatic point dendrometers was performed during the growing seasons (April–October) of 2017 and 2018 in Stockholm, Sweden. In 2018, the region experienced a severe and long-lasting summer drought. In May and July, temperatures were up to 5 °C higher relative to the reference period (1981–2010), and precipitation sums were below the reference period for the entire growing season. Our results show that the urban climate primarily impacts the daily water storage dynamics by decreasing the radius change amplitudes and delaying the time of maximum stem-water replenishment and depletion. Under standard climatic conditions, the warmer climate (1.3 °C) at the urban sites had a positive impact on radial growth increment. Drought periods significantly impact the climate–growth relationships. Stem shrinkage intensifies during the day, and lower growth rates were registered, resulting in reduced annual growth. The high-resolution monitoring provided valuable insights into daily and seasonal patterns of Scots pine stem-radius variations, showing that growth responses to increasing temperature are mainly controlled by moisture availability and site-specific conditions.
Considerations for a power line communication system for traction batteries
Authors: Pake Talei Arash , Pribyl Wolfgang A. , Hofer Günter 
Published: January 2021

AbstractElectric vehicles (EVs) are without a doubt one of the hottest topics of our time because of their advantages over combustion engine vehicles. This has persuaded many developers to try improving EVs so they will be more reliable and cheaper and as a result suitable for a broader range of consumers.In this paper we dive into the proper way of measuring and understanding the impedance of one prismatic cell from 100 kHz up to 1 GHz. Some common measurement mistakes and important points to notice are also explained. The effect of a power bar is shown as well. In order to make sure of the accuracy and the consistency of the measurements, they are compared with finite element simulations as well as with mathematical calculations.Investigations of conducted emissions are also of key importance since it has a direct influence on selecting a suitable frequency range. Accordingly, a thorough lab measurement is conducted to see the distortion harmonics and their influence on the carrier frequency. This knowledge can then be used to implement the power line communication (PLC) method.The PLC technique helps us to reduce the wire harness of a battery pack by using the existing high-voltage lines of the vehicle as the main transmission channel. This leads to cheaper battery packs by reducing the amount of used material for the wire harness and production time as well as assembly complexity.
Verteilungspolitische Herausforderungen der Corona-Krise
Authors:   Überblick
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Corona-Krise hat sich insbesondere auch auf den Arbeitsmarkt ausgewirkt. Der Lockdown hat zu Arbeitsplatzverlusten geführt - allen voran in der Hotel-, Gastronomie- und Tourismusbranche. Ebenso sind bestimmte Branchen von Kurzarbeit betroffen. Das hat Folgen für die Einkommenssituation der betroffenen Haushalte. Es lässt sich zeigen, dass Haushalte mit bereits vor der Krise niedrigeren Einkommen in der Krise stärkere Einkommensverluste erleiden. Allerdings entfaltet das Konjunktur- und Krisenbewältigungspaket der Bundesregierung mit Hilfsmaßnahmen durchaus seine Wirkung, um Arbeitsplätze zu stabilisieren und soziale Härten abzufedern. Davon profi tieren Männer jedoch vergleichsweise stärker als Frauen.
Die Frage der Qualifizierung in einer digitalisierten Gesellschaft
Authors: Kornwachs Klaus , Stehr Nico 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Digitalisierung treibt den Wandel der Welt der Arbeit voran. Dieser Wandel könnte durch die wissenschaftlich-technische Dynamik, die von Unternehmen kontrollierte Nachfrage nach qualifizierten Arbeitskräften oder vielmehr durch das Qualifikationsangebot der Arbeitnehmenden determiniert sein. Dabei ist fraglich, welcher kognitiven und sozialen Fertigkeiten es in der Vierten Industriellen Revolution bedarf.
Kommunalfinanzierung in der Corona-Krise — Einschnitte, aber keine Zeitenwende
Authors: Brand Stephan , Steinbrecher Johannes 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungÜber die vergangenen Jahre stellte sich der Status quo der Kommunalfinanzierung in Deutschland als recht stabil dar. Der Kommunalkredit ist dabei insbesondere für die Investitionen eine zentrale Säule der Finanzierung. Größere Veränderungen waren in den letzten Jahren sowohl auf der Nachfrage- wie auf der Angebotsseite nicht zu beobachten. Die wirtschaftlichen Folgen der Corona-Pandemie könnten für beide Marktseiten nun eine ungewohnte Dynamik mit sich bringen. Positiv ist in diesem Zusammenhang hervorzuheben, dass sich die Schuldentragfähigkeit der Kommunen im Vorkrisenzeitraum spürbar verbessert hat. Auch wenn die Folgen der Krise noch nicht abschließend beurteilt werden können, dürfte der Kommunalkredit somit auch in den nächsten Jahren eine wichtige Rolle bei der Finanzierung kommunaler Investitionen spielen.
Erweiterte Hersteller- und Produktverantwortung im Abwasserrecht
Authors: Reinhardt Michael 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag befasst sich mit der im geltenden Recht bislang allenfalls randständig aufgegriffenen
Problematik der zunehmenden Belastung der Gewässer mit sog. Spurenstoffen. Er diskutiert einen Regelungsansatz
de lege ferenda, der sich an der abfallrechtlichen Konstruktion der Hersteller- und Produktverantwortung
orientiert.
Adventurous Play as a Mechanism for Reducing Risk for Childhood Anxiety: A Conceptual Model
Authors: Dodd Helen F. , Lester Kathryn J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this conceptual article, we draw upon the literature regarding cognitive and behavioural factors that underpin childhood anxiety to outline how a range of these risk markers might be targeted through adventurous play. When children play in an adventurous way, climbing trees, riding their bikes fast downhill and jumping from rocks, they experience feelings of fear and excitement, thrill and adrenaline. We propose that the positive, thrilling and playful emotions associated with this type of child-led play facilitate exposure to fear-provoking situations and, in doing so, provide opportunities for children to learn about physiological arousal, uncertainty and coping. We hypothesise that these learning opportunities will, over time, reduce children’s risk for elevated anxiety by increasing children’s expectations and ability to cope with anxiety, decreasing intolerance of uncertainty and preventing catastrophic misinterpretations of physiological arousal. If our conceptual model is correct, then ensuring that children have the physical and psychological space required to play in an adventurous way may help to decrease their risk for elevated or clinical anxiety.
Choice, quality and patients’ experience: evidence from a Finnish physiotherapy service
Authors: Pitkänen Visa , Linnosmaa Ismo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe study the relationship between patient choices and provider quality in a rehabilitation service for disabled patients who receive the service frequently but do not have access to quality information. Previous research has found a positive relationship between patient choices and provider quality in health services that patients typically do not have previous experience or use frequently. We contribute by examining choices of new patients and experienced patients who were either forced to switch or actively switched their provider. In the analysis, we combine register data on patients’ choices and switches with provider quality data from a competitive bidding, and estimate conditional logit choice models. The results show that all patients prefer high-quality providers within short distances. We find that the willingness to travel for quality is highest among new patients and active switchers. These results suggest that new patients and active switchers compare different alternatives more thoroughly, whereas forced switchers choose their new provider in limited time leading into poorer choices.
Systemic optimal risk transfer equilibrium
Authors: Biagini Francesca , Doldi Alessandro , Fouque Jean-Pierre , Frittelli Marco , Meyer-Brandis Thilo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe propose a novel concept of a Systemic Optimal Risk Transfer Equilibrium (SORTE), which is inspired by the Bühlmann’s classical notion of an Equilibrium Risk Exchange. We provide sufficient general assumptions that guarantee existence, uniqueness, and Pareto optimality of such a SORTE. In both the Bühlmann and the SORTE definition, each agent is behaving rationally by maximizing his/her expected utility given a budget constraint. The two approaches differ by the budget constraints. In Bühlmann’s definition the vector that assigns the budget constraint is given a priori. On the contrary, in the SORTE approach, the vector that assigns the budget constraint is endogenously determined by solving a systemic utility maximization. SORTE gives priority to the systemic aspects of the problem, in order to optimize the overall systemic performance, rather than to individual rationality.
Location of agate geodes in Permian deposits of Simota gully using the GPR
Authors: Mierczak Michał , Karczewski Jerzy 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe article describes the establishment of the location of agate geodes using the GPR method in the area of the Simota gully (Lesser Poland Voivodeship). Agates (a multicolored variety of gemstone of chalcedony group) have multifaceted values that informed their study. Traditional methods of geode location are less reliable, hence the attempt to use the GPR method. Measurements were taken at two study test sites with subsurface geology of weathered melaphyre and pyroclastic deposits using a GPR system (ProEx). A high-frequency antenna (1.6 GHz) was used along with the pre-established profiles of lengths of 6-m and 10-cm intervals. Furthermore, simple soil tests using the soil sampler tool were made prior to the GPR measurement. The GPR results show significant high attenuation of the electromagnetic energy interpreted to be due to clay components of the regolith. Advanced signal processing procedures (such as the attribute of the signal) were used on the data for better enhancement that aided interpretation. Other anomalies depicted on the radargrams were thought to be the presence of roots, pieces of melaphyres-targeted agates. Furtherance to ascertain the reflection coefficients as recorded on the GPR data, in situ samples (root pieces, melaphyres, agates) taken were tested in the laboratory for electric permittivity property. Based on the interpretation results, several agate geodes were dug out from the ground.
With grit to innovative teams?
Authors: Bernardy Valeria , Antoni Conny H. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis article in the Journal Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation. (GIO) develops a theoretical model for the emergence of team grit, i.e. the competence to pursue long-term goals with passion and perseverance. We examine the role of team grit for today’s dynamic innovation processes, building on findings from research on individual grit. Our model shows how team inputs as well as the dynamic interaction of team processes and affective and cognitive emergent states lead to the emergence of team grit and thus promote team innovation. We explore contagion and crossover processes as mechanisms for team grit to emerge, and examine team processes that we assume to affect team grit. Our model not only provides a starting point for further research on team grit, but also provides practitioners with recommendations to foster team grit in order to improve their innovative performance in the team.
Geocoding cryptosporidiosis cases in Ireland (2008–2017)—development of a reliable, reproducible, multiphase geocoding methodology
Authors: Domegan Lisa , Garvey Patricia , McKeown Paul , Johnson Howard , Hynds Paul , O’Dwyer Jean , ÓhAiseadha Coilín 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Geocoding (the process of converting a text address into spatial data) quality may affect geospatial epidemiological study findings. No national standards for best geocoding practice exist in Ireland. Irish postcodes (Eircodes) are not routinely recorded for infectious disease notifications and > 35% of dwellings have non-unique addresses. This may result in incomplete geocoding and introduce systematic errors into studies.

Aims
This study aimed to develop a reliable and reproducible methodology to geocode cryptosporidiosis notifications to fine-resolution spatial units (Census 2016 Small Areas), to enhance data validity and completeness, thus improving geospatial epidemiological studies.

Methods
A protocol was devised to utilise geocoding tools developed by the Health Service Executive’s Health Intelligence Unit. Geocoding employed finite-string automated and manual matching, undertaken sequentially in three additive phases. The protocol was applied to a cryptosporidiosis notification dataset (2008–2017) from Ireland’s Computerised Infectious Disease Reporting System. Outputs were validated against devised criteria.

Results
Overall, 92.1% (4266/4633) of cases were successfully geocoded to one Small Area, and 95.5% (n = 4425) to larger spatial units. The proportion of records geocoded increased by 14% using the multiphase approach, with 5% of records re-assigned to a different spatial unit.

Conclusions
The developed multiphase protocol improved the completeness and validity of geocoding, thus increasing the power of subsequent studies. The authors recommend capturing Eircodes ideally using application programming interface for infectious disease or other health-related datasets, for more efficient and reliable geocoding. Where Eircodes are not recorded/available, for best geocoding practice, we recommend this (or a similar) quality driven protocol.
Early-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease: What Is Missing in Research?
Authors: Ayodele Temitope , Rogaeva Ekaterina , Kurup Jiji T. , Beecham Gary , Reitz Christiane 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Early-onset Alzheimer’s disease (EOAD), defined as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) occurring before age 65, is significantly less well studied than the late-onset form (LOAD) despite EOAD often presenting with a more aggressive disease progression. The aim of this review is to summarize the current understanding of the etiology of EOAD, their translation into clinical practice, and to suggest steps to be taken to move our understanding forward.

Recent Findings
EOAD cases make up 5–10% of AD cases but only 10–15% of these cases show known mutations in the APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2, which are linked to EOAD. New data suggests that these unexplained cases following a non-Mendelian pattern of inheritance is potentially caused by a mix of common and newly discovered rare variants. However, only a fraction of this genetic variation has been identified to date leaving the molecular mechanisms underlying this type of AD and their association with clinical, biomarker, and neuropathological changes unclear.

Summary
While great advancements have been made in characterizing EOAD, much work is needed to disentangle the molecular mechanisms underlying this type of AD and to identify putative targets for more precise disease screening, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment.
CADASIL from Bench to Bedside: Disease Models and Novel Therapeutic Approaches
Authors: Manini Arianna , Pantoni Leonardo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is a monogenic disease caused by NOTCH3 mutations and characterized by typical clinical, neuroradiological, and pathological features. NOTCH3 belongs to a family of highly conserved transmembrane receptors rich of epidermal growth factor repeats, mostly expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells and pericytes, which perform essential developmental functions and are involved in tissues maintenance and renewal. To date, no therapeutic option for CADASIL is available except for few symptomatic treatments. Novel in vitro and in vivo models are continuously explored with the aim to investigate underlying pathogenic mechanisms and to test novel therapeutic approaches. In this scenario, knock-out, knock-in, and transgenic mice studies have generated a large amount of information on molecular and biological aspects of CADASIL, despite that they incompletely reproduce the human phenotype. Moreover, the field of in vitro models has been revolutionized in the last two decades by the introduction of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) technology. As a consequence, novel therapeutic approaches, including immunotherapy, growth factors administration, and antisense oligonucleotides, are currently under investigation. While waiting that further studies confirm the promising results obtained, the data reviewed suggest that our therapeutic approach to the disease could be transformed, generating new hope for the future.
The affirmation of image and maps in the modern age: cartographic secularization and Protestant Reformation
Authors: Ricci Alessandro 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe contribution aims to focus the attention on the consequences on the use of images and in particular on the cartographic ones deriving from the Protestant Reformation. Analysing the debate around images which originated during the sixteenth century from Luther’s revolution, the article tries to answer how much the Reformation contributed to change the main aspects of mapmaking in a more realistic and secularized way. Three main questions will be posed: how much did the Protestant Reformation contribute to the affirmation of the cartographic images, to the pushes towards realism and to reality? How much did the way of representing the world change, standing on the innovations promoted by the European Protestants? Did the Reformation have also consequences on the Counter-Reformation way of depicting maps? Starting from the main literature, which focused the attention on the effects of that debate about the artistic images, a parallelism with the use of new cartographic models will be proposed, wondering if the Reformation contributed to the modern way of mapmaking, overpassing the religious, metaphorical of the medieval models.