bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep learning to automate the labelling of head MRI datasets for computer vision applications
Authors: Wood David A. , Kafiabadi Sina , Al Busaidi Aisha , Guilhem Emily L. , Lynch Jeremy , Townend Matthew K. , Montvila Antanas , Kiik Martin , Siddiqui Juveria , Gadapa Naveen , Benger Matthew D. , Mazumder Asif , Barker Gareth , Ourselin Sebastian , Cole James H. , Booth Thomas C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to build a deep learning model to derive labels from neuroradiology reports and assign these to the corresponding examinations, overcoming a bottleneck to computer vision model development.MethodsReference-standard labels were generated by a team of neuroradiologists for model training and evaluation. Three thousand examinations were labelled for the presence or absence of any abnormality by manually scrutinising the corresponding radiology reports (‘reference-standard report labels’); a subset of these examinations (n= 250) were assigned ‘reference-standard image labels’ by interrogating the actual images. Separately, 2000 reports were labelled for the presence or absence of 7 specialised categories of abnormality (acute stroke, mass, atrophy, vascular abnormality, small vessel disease, white matter inflammation, encephalomalacia), with a subset of these examinations (n =700) also assigned reference-standard image labels. A deep learning model was trained using labelled reports and validated in two ways: comparing predicted labels to (i) reference-standard report labels and (ii) reference-standard image labels. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC) was used to quantify model performance. Accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and F1 score were also calculated.ResultsAccurate classification (AUC-ROC > 0.95) was achieved for all categories when tested against reference-standard report labels. A drop in performance (ΔAUC-ROC > 0.02) was seen for three categories (atrophy, encephalomalacia, vascular) when tested against reference-standard image labels, highlighting discrepancies in the original reports. Once trained, the model assigned labels to 121,556 examinations in under 30 min.ConclusionsOur model accurately classifies head MRI examinations, enabling automated dataset labelling for downstream computer vision applications.Key Points•Deep learning is poised to revolutionise image recognition tasks in radiology; however, a barrier to clinical adoption is the difficulty of obtaining large labelled datasets for model training.•We demonstrate a deep learning model which can derive labels from neuroradiology reports and assign these to the corresponding examinations at scale, facilitating the development of downstream computer vision models.•We rigorously tested our model by comparing labels predicted on the basis of neuroradiology reports with two sets of reference-standard labels: (1) labels derived by manually scrutinising each radiology report and (2) labels derived by interrogating the actual images.
Guided tour of hidden tracts in the pelvis: exploring pelvic fistulas
Authors: Chen Iris E , Ferraro Regan , Chow Lucy , Bahrami Simin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundFistulas are an abnormal connection between two or more epithelial surfaces. When fistulization between adjacent structures occurs in the pelvis, there is almost invariably significant associated morbidity and impact on a patient’s quality of life. Imaging may aid in the diagnosis of pelvic fistulas and is essential to identify any associated pathology, define the course of the fistula, and aid in pre-surgical planning.PurposeThis article aims to review the wide array of clinical and imaging presentations of fistulas in the pelvis, with a focus on the radiologists’ role in managing this challenging entity.MethodsThis article will review each classification type of fistula.ResultsPelvic fistula is a devastating condition that causes significant morbidity and evaluation can be challenging.ConclusionsImaging, and particularly MRI, plays a vital role in the diagnosis, characterizing the course of a fistula and demonstrating associated complications, which are essential to guide treatment decisions.
Patient’s point of view on the use of telemedicine in multiple sclerosis: a web-based survey
Authors: Landi Doriana , Ponzano Marta , Nicoletti Carolina Gabri , Cola Gaia , Cecchi Gianluca , Grimaldi Alfonso , Mataluni Giorgia , Mercuri Nicola Biagio , Sormani Maria Pia , Pacileo Guglielmo , Marfia Girolama Alessandra 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRestrictions in the access to healthcare facilities during COVID-19 pandemic have raised the need for remote monitoring of chronic medical conditions, including multiple sclerosis (MS). In order to enable the continuity of care in these circumstances, many telemedicine applications are currently tested. While physicians’ preferences are commonly investigated, data regarding the patients’ point of view are still lacking. We built a 37 items web-based survey exploring patients’ propensity, awareness, and opinions on telemedicine with the aim to evaluate the sustainability of this approach in MS. Analysing 613 questionnaires out of 1093 that were sent to persons with MS followed at the Multiple Sclerosis Center of Tor Vergata University, Rome, we found that more than half of respondents (54%) were open to having a televisit. Propensity toward telemedicine significantly depended on having a higher income (p = 0.037), living farther from the center (p = 0.038), using computer and tablet (p = 0.010) and using the Internet for other remote activities (p < 0.001), conversely it was not influenced by any specific disease characteristics (i.e. degree of disability). The main advantages and disadvantages of televisit reported by participants were respectively saving time (70%) and impossibility to measure physical parameters (71%). Although the majority of respondents are in favour of televisit, so far this approach is restricted to those displaying better socioeconomic conditions and higher familiarity with technology. Implications of the study are that telemedicine platforms should be better tailored to patients’ demands in order to spread the use of telemedicine, to enhance usability and to increase patients’ adherence.
Shareholder Engagement on Environmental, Social, and Governance Performance
Authors: Barko Tamas , Cremers Martijn , Renneboog Luc 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe study behind-the-scenes investor activism promoting environmental, social, and governance (ESG) improvements by means of a proprietary dataset of a large international, socially responsible activist fund. We examine the activist’s target selection, forms of engagement, impact on ESG performance, drivers of success, and effects on the targets’ operations and value creation. Target firms are typically large and visible, perform well, and have high liquidity (stock turnover) and low ESG performance. Engagement induces ESG rating adjustments: firms with poor ex ante ESG ratings experience a ratings increase after complying with the activist’s demands, whereas firms with high ex ante ESG ratings experience a ratings decrease following the revelation of their ESG problems. Activism that is focused on environmental and social issues is more likely to succeed if targets are ESG-sensitive (i.e., they have a strong ex ante ESG profile). Successful engagements boost targets’ sales. Risk-adjusted excess stock returns (with four-factor adjustment and relative to a matched sample of non-engaged firms) of successful engagements outperform those of unsuccessful engagements by 2.7%. Results are especially strong for firms with low ex ante ESG scores. Specifically, targeted firms in the lowest ex ante ESG quartile outperform matched peers by 7.5% in the year after the end of the engagement. Our results thus suggest that the activism regarding corporate social responsibility generally improves ESG practices and corporate sales and is profitable to the activist. Taken together, we provide direct evidence that ethical investing and strong financial performance, both from the activist’s and the targeted firm’s perspective, can go hand-in-hand together.
Influence of Magnetic Moment on Single Atom Catalytic Activation Energy Barriers
Authors: Groome Chloe , Ngo Huong , Li Jie , Wang Chen Santillan , Wu Ruqian , Ragan Regina 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDesign of the molecular environment of single atom catalysts (SAC) is promising for achieving high catalytic activity without expensive and scarce platinum-group metals (PGM). We utilize a first principles approach to examine how the spin state of the SAC and reactants can affect catalytic energy barriers of V, Fe, Mo, and Ta on two different graphene defects with differing magnetic moments. Spin polarized projected density of states and climbing image nudged elastic band calculations demonstrate relatively lower activation energy barriers for systems with higher spin state asymmetry near the Fermi energy; CO oxidation on Ta and V SAC have decreases in activation barrier energies of 27% and 44%, respectively.Graphic Abstract
On heterosis, inbreeding depression and general combining ability in annual caraway (Carum carvi)
Authors: von Maydell Daniel , Stache Anne-Marie , El Menuawy Ahmed , Gemmer Mathias Ruben , Hähnel Urs , Junghanns Wolfram , Marthe Frank 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCaraway (Carum carvi) is a medicinal and aromatic plant of the Apiaceae family with a long history of cultivation. To this day, improvements in yield and essential oil content are desirable. In the past, line breeding was used to increase essential oil content with the final intention of combining inbred lines to a synthetic variety by outcrossing. Outcrossing should overcome inbreeding depression and exploit heterosis vice versa. In this study, we wanted to detect whether and to what extent heterosis can be exploited in caraway. In a randomized complete block design with two years of growing and four repetitions per year and genotype, we compared 18 inbred lines with 18 corresponding F1 populations produced in a polycross. In addition to yield, we estimated the beginning of flowering, the end of flowering, maturity, height, thousand-grain weight, stalk attachment rate, shattering rate and essential oil content. Linear mixed models were used to compute variance components, heritability and best linear unbiased estimates. As major result, we detected the existence of better parent heterosis in caraway. To summarize, outcrossing led to a significant increase in yield, thousand-grain weight and height and to an earlier beginning of flowering, end of flowering and maturity. In two-year data, no effect of outcrossing on the essential oil content was observed, but single year data revealed slight effects. We found strong negative correlations between developmental traits and yield. Hence, selection of early developing genotypes seems highly recommendable. Results make us confident that improved annual varieties can be introduced soon.
Macrophyte meadows mediate the response of the sediment microbial community to ultraviolet radiation
Authors: Puche Eric , Rojo Carmen , Segura Matilde , Rodrigo María A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe decrease of the water level in Mediterranean wetlands due to global warming allows UVR to reach the sediment microbial community. Macrophyte meadows, through their structure and compounds contribution, exert influence on this community. Our goal was to establish how the sediment microbial community of a wetland is harmed by UVR, and how the macrophytes mitigate such effects. We performed a field factorial experiment (UVR and macrophytes as factors) in a Mediterranean wetland. The abundance and composition of the sediment microbial community (bacteria, Archaea, microalgae and cyanobacteria) and sediment stoichiometry in superficial and sub-superficial layers were analysed. The microbial community was altered even by the small doses of UVR of the Mediterranean coastal wetlands by decreasing the periphyton abundance, including bacteria involved in C and N metabolism. Submerged macrophytes favoured the periphytic biofilm and increased sub-superficial carbon and nitrogen amounts, by promoting bacteria involved in their cycles. The shade exerted by the meadows minimized the UVR effects, driving to a community similar to that of the UVR-filtered environment. Therefore, macrophytes, through different mechanisms, can mitigate the harmful effects of UVR in sediment communities. Thus, the conservation of macrophyte meadows in highly vulnerable wetlands becomes crucial in a global change context.
Effects of controlled ovarian stimulation on vascular barrier and endothelial glycocalyx: a pilot study
Authors: Hulde Nikolai , Rogenhofer N. , Brettner F. , Eckert N. C. , Fetz I. , Buchheim J-I. , Kammerer T. , Dendorfer A. , Choukèr A. , Hofmann-Kiefer K. F. , Rehm M. , Thaler C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurposeControlled ovarian stimulation significantly amplifies the number of maturing and ovulated follicles as well as ovarian steroid production. The ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) increases capillary permeability and fluid extravasation. Vascular integrity intensely is regulated by an endothelial glycocalyx (EGX) and we have shown that ovulatory cycles are associated with shedding of EGX components. This study investigates if controlled ovarian stimulation impacts on the integrity of the endothelial glycocalyx as this might explain key pathomechanisms of the OHSS.MethodsSerum levels of endothelial glycocalyx components of infertility patients (n=18) undergoing controlled ovarian stimulation were compared to a control group of healthy women with regular ovulatory cycles (n=17).ResultsPatients during luteal phases of controlled ovarian stimulation cycles as compared to normal ovulatory cycles showed significantly increased Syndecan-1 serum concentrations (12.6 ng/ml 6.1125th–19.1375thto 13.9 ng/ml 9.625th–28.975th; p=0.026), indicating shedding and degradation of the EGX.ConclusionA shedding of EGX components during ovarian stimulation has not yet been described. Our study suggests that ovarian stimulation may affect the integrity of the endothelial surface layer and increasing vascular permeability. This could explain key features of the OHSS and provide new ways of prevention of this serious condition of assisted reproduction.
Developing organizational knowledge in schools: The role of theory and theorizing in collective capacity building
Authors: Ertsås Turid I. , Irgens Eirik J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDeveloping knowledge in education systems is essential in capacity building. When the intention is to build collective capacity and sustain the capacity in schools, we claim there is a need to understand how organizational knowledge is developed and what form this knowledge may take in the school as an organization. However, theory seems to have put little weight on the development of organizational knowledge. In this article, we draw on two cases to discuss why there is a need for theoretical perspectives that may help conceptualize and aid knowledge development in capacity building. Our contribution is a theoretical model that builds on a graded theory concept, in which theory and practice are understood as entangled in process rather than as dichotomous and static categories. We hope to contribute to an understanding of capacity building that avoids the tyranny of theory and the tyranny of practice, and where teachers’ and school leaders’ professional theorizing is seen as essential for success.
Pro- and anti-inflammatory macrophages express a sub-type specific purinergic receptor profile
Authors: Merz J. , Nettesheim A. , von Garlen S. , Albrecht P. , Saller B. S. , Engelmann J. , Hertle L. , Schäfer I. , Dimanski D. , König S. , Karnbrock L. , Bulatova K. , Peikert A. , Hoppe N. , Hilgendorf I. , von zur Mühlen C. , Wolf D. , Groß O. , Bode C. , Zirlik A. , Stachon P. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractExtracellular nucleotides act as danger signals that orchestrate inflammation by purinergic receptor activation. The expression pattern of different purinergic receptors may correlate with a pro- or anti-inflammatory phenotype. Macrophages function as pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages (M1) or anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages (M2). The present study found that murine bone marrow-derived macrophages express a unique purinergic receptor profile during in vitro polarization. As assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Gαs-coupled P1 receptors A2A and A2B are upregulated in M1 and M2 compared to M0, but A2A 15 times higher in M1. The ionotropic P2 receptor P2X5 is selectively upregulated in M1- and M2-polarized macrophages. P2X7 is temporarily expressed in M1 macrophages. Metabotropic P2Y receptors showed a distinct expression profile in M1 and M2-polarized macrophages: Gαq coupled P2Y1 and P2Y6 are exclusively upregulated in M2, whereas Gαi P2Y13 and P2Y14 are overexpressed in M1. This consequently leads to functional differences between M1 and M2 in response to adenosine di-phosphate stimulation (ADP): In contrast to M1, M2 showed increased cytoplasmatic calcium after ADP stimulation. In the present study we show that bone marrow-derived macrophages express a unique repertoire of purinergic receptors. We show for the first time that the repertoire of purinergic receptors is highly flexible and quickly adapts upon pro- and anti-inflammatory macrophage differentiation with functional consequences to nucleotide stimulation.
Eat like an athlete: insights of sports nutrition science to support active aging in healthy older adults
Authors: Oikawa Sara Y. , Brisbois Tristin D. , van Loon Luc J. C. , Rollo Ian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSkeletal muscle mass losses with age are associated with negative health consequences, including an increased risk of developing metabolic disease and the loss of independence. Athletes adopt numerous nutritional strategies to maximize the benefits of exercise training and enhance recovery in pursuit of improving skeletal muscle quality, mass, or function. Importantly, many of the principles applied to enhance skeletal muscle health in athletes may be applicable to support active aging and prevent sarcopenia in the healthy (non-clinical) aging population. Here, we discuss the anabolic properties of protein supplementation in addition to ingredients that may enhance the anabolic effects of protein (e.g. omega 3 s, creatine, inorganic nitrate) in older persons. We conclude that nutritional strategies used in pursuit of performance enhancement in athletes are often applicable to improve skeletal muscle health in the healthy older population when implemented as part of a healthy active lifestyle. Further research is required to elucidate the mechanisms by which these nutrients may induce favourable changes in skeletal muscle and to determine the appropriate dosing and timing of nutrient intakes to support active aging.
Rubric formats for the formative assessment of oral presentation skills acquisition in secondary education
Authors: Nadolski Rob J. , Hummel Hans G. K. , Rusman Ellen , Ackermans Kevin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAcquiring complex oral presentation skills is cognitively demanding for students and demands intensive teacher guidance. The aim of this study was twofold: (a) to identify and apply design guidelines in developing an effective formative assessment method for oral presentation skills during classroom practice, and (b) to develop and compare two analytic rubric formats as part of that assessment method. Participants were first-year secondary school students in the Netherlands (n = 158) that acquired oral presentation skills with the support of either a formative assessment method with analytic rubrics offered through a dedicated online tool (experimental groups), or a method using more conventional (rating scales) rubrics (control group). One experimental group was provided text-based and the other was provided video-enhanced rubrics. No prior research is known about analytic video-enhanced rubrics, but, based on research on complex skill development and multimedia learning, we expected this format to best capture the (non-verbal aspects of) oral presentation performance. Significant positive differences on oral presentation performance were found between the experimental groups and the control group. However, no significant differences were found between both experimental groups. This study shows that a well-designed formative assessment method, using analytic rubric formats, outperforms formative assessment using more conventional rubric formats. It also shows that higher costs of developing video-enhanced analytic rubrics cannot be justified by significant more performance gains. Future studies should address the generalizability of such formative assessment methods for other contexts, and for complex skills other than oral presentation, and should lead to more profound understanding of video-enhanced rubrics.
ESTRO vision 2030: the young Italian Association of Radiotherapy and Clinical Oncology (yAIRO) commitment statement
Authors: De Felice Francesca , Boldrini Luca , Greco Carlo , Nardone Valerio , Salvestrini Viola , Desideri Isacco 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe aim of this document is to share the action plan from the young Italian Association of Radiotherapy and Clinical Oncology (yAIRO). We believe it is important to enhance a constructive dialog between societies. The hope is to offer to young radiation oncologists a wealth of opportunities to refine their skills and gain access to the latest developments, according to a shared European vision.
Equilibrium uniqueness in aggregative games: very practical conditions
Authors: Itaya Jun-ichi , von Mouche Pierre 
Published: July 2021

AbstractVarious Nash equilibrium results for a broad class of aggregative games are presented. The main ones concern equilibrium uniqueness. The setting presupposes that each player has $$\mathbb {R}_+$$

R
+

as strategy set, makes smoothness assumptions but allows for a discontinuity of stand-alone payoff functions at 0; this possibility is especially important for various contest and oligopolistic games. Conditions are completely in terms of marginal reductions which may be considered as primitives of the game. For many games in the literature they can easily be checked. They automatically imply that conditional payoff functions are strictly quasi-concave. The results are proved by means of the Szidarovszky variant of the Selten–Szidarovszky technique. Their power is illustrated by reproducing quickly and improving upon various results for economic games.