bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Flight and Design Parameters of a Turbofan Engine on Global Warming Potential
Authors: Dinc A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Anthropogenic global warming is caused by human beings as a result of fuel combustion process used in energy production, transportation, residential heating etc. Fossil fuels after combustion generate gases such as CO2, H2O, NOx, SOx, CO etc. Those gases form a greenhouse effect and causes global warming. For a sustainable world there is a need to limit those greenhouse gases. Transportation vehicles also consume fossil fuels and aviation is a part of that. Aircraft engines emit exhaust gases during flight and ground operations. Turbofan engine is the most common type in commercial aviation today. Turboprop, turbojet and piston engines constitute a smaller percentage in the sector. In this study, in order to reduce the environmental impact of aviation, a turbofan engine related exhaust gas emission was calculated for different input parameters of design and operation. Global warming potential (GWP) parameter was analysed as a sensitivity study with respect to input parameters. A +/-5% change was considered for input parameters and effects on GWP were presented in the order of magnitude and importance. Results obtained in this study have practical implications for engine designers and operators to potentially reduce the GWP for a sustainable world.
Adsorption of Contaminants from Palm Oil Mill Effluent Using Agricultural Biomass Wastes as Adsorbents
Authors: Harimisa G E , Jusoh N W C , Tan L S , Ghafar N A , Masudi A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Palm oil mill effluent (POME) has become critical issue among the oil palm industries due to its high organic contents and other contaminants which results in dark colour, turbid and bad smell. POME that is not treated effectively will result in significant wastewater issues as it disposes to the environment. Adsorption is a promising technique to purify the wastewater and has a wide variety of potential adsorbents. It works by adhering the pollutants on the high porous of activated carbon. Therefore, activated carbon has been widely used due to the effectiveness to adsorb pollutants and easy to produce. Previous studies proved that adsorption using activated carbon has been an effective method for the treatment of POME. This paper presents the utilization of activated carbon from agricultural biomass wastes for POME treatment. The materials are renewable, low-cost and viable as precursors of the activated carbon. The adsorption efficiencies and mechanisms of the activated carbon are discussed and summarized for easy reference. Development of methods for synthesis may become great challenges in the future, as well as the regeneration of activated carbon.
CFD Study on MR-deDuster As a Fine Particle Emission Control
Authors: Hasyimah N , Rashid M , Hasrizam C M , Norelyza H , Hajar S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Reynolds stress model (RSM) is known to demonstrate the closest approximation with experimental data and appraised as the most reliable turbulent model for the flow field in a cyclone simulation against other models. In this study, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with RSM was used to simulate MR-deDuster, which is a newly developed multi-cyclone for fine particle emission control with axial inlet entry. The flow field characteristics of velocity contour and particle trajectories inside the cyclone were profiled while particle cut-diameter (dpc) of the unit was predicted based on fractional collection efficiency. Throughout the simulation, three different inlet velocities represented by their respective volumetric air flow rates (Q) ranging from 0.27 to 0.35 m3/s were applied and the results were plotted accordingly by referring to the value of these Qs. The velocity flows are almost identical for every unit of the cyclone in MR-deDuster system with the highest velocity of 33 m/s was found at the end of the vortex finder operated at 0.35 m3/s. This is crucial to ensure that each unit is operated in similar mode to get optimum performance of the system. Meanwhile, discrete phase model was used to estimate the particle trajectories in the flow. By releasing a certain number of inert particles at the cyclone’s inlet, fractional collection efficiency plot could be determined using the ratio of tracked particles trapped and released through the outlet. This study indicated that the predicted dpc of MR-deDuster was 1.85 and 2.05 μm for the highest and lowest Q respectively. The former represents the highest inlet velocity which is able to attract more of fine particle deep inside the bottom of the cyclone compared to the latter. Thus, the predicted fractional collection efficiency of 100% was achieved for particle larger and equal to 10 μm in size at the highest volumetric air flow rate or inlet velocity. The importance of inlet velocity in reducing the dpc which simultaneously increase the performance of a cyclone is illustrated in this study as successfully demonstrated by the CFD software.
Field study of the Occupant’s Thermal Preferences for Cooling in Living Rooms Based on Different Set Point Temperatures
Authors: Kamaruddin N I , Zaki S A , Rijal H B , Hagishima A , Khalid W , Atikha N , Yakub F , Redzuan F L M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The use of an air conditioner (AC) becomes essential in residential buildings, particularly in a hot and humid climate to optimize indoor thermal comfort. To accelerate the process of space cooling, occupants tend to use the lowest set point of the AC thermostat setting to achieve the desired thermal comfort in the indoor environment. A field study was conducted to investigate the occupants’ thermal preferences in experimental living rooms at four AC set point temperatures (16°C, 20°C, 24°C, and 28°C). The indoor thermal environmental measurement and questionnaire survey were conducted on 63 respondents with 252 samples. The results of the thermal sensation vote (TSV) revealed that at the AC set point temperatures of 16°C and 20°C, 38% and 62% of the respondents voted ‘cold’, respectively. Meanwhile, they voted ‘a bit warmer’ for their thermal preference (TP). At the set point temperature of 24°C, 41% of the respondents voted ‘neutral’ for TSV, while 54% voted ‘no change’ for TP. At the same time, for the set point temperature of 28°C, 38% of the respondents voted ‘slightly warm’ for TSV and ‘a bit cooler’ for TP. In short, the respondent might have different thermal preferences even though they were experiencing the same thermal condition. This finding also indicated that there is a limit to how much the AC can provide uniform thermal satisfaction among occupants in the same room with a single control of the set point temperature.
Docking study for assessment of wound healing potential of isosakuratenin isolated from Chromolaena odorata: An In-silico approach
Authors: Mokhtar N A , Tap F M , Talib S Z A , Khairudin N A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Wound healing is a complex and well-orchestrated biological process in all multicellular organisms in which normal wound healing consists of four major phases that are haemostasis, inflammation, proliferations and reepithelization. Abnormal wound healing is always associated with inefficient or miscarried transition during inflammation to proliferation phase. Wound healing potential of various natural extracts have been studied progressively in recent years. In this present study, isosakuratenin, a phytoconstituent previously reported to be isolated from the extracts of Chromolaena odorata are aimed at targeting essential proteins involved in wound healing process. Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP) is a protein essential in wound healing. Therefore, the present study is aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of isosakuratenin on MMP as a potential therapeutic target for wound therapy. Isosakuratenin from Chromolaena odorata were studied based on their ability to interact with the targeted protein via molecular docking approach. Isosakuratenin showed binding affinity to four different classes of MMPs. The binding energy of these MMPs with isosakuratenin are -7.7 kcal/mol (MMP2), -6.8 kcal/mol (MMP3), -9.0 kcal/mol (MMP8) and -9.7 kcal/mol (MMP12). Isosakuratenin forms stronger interaction with MMP12 in which it forms two bonding at the active site of the protein and shows the most stable dock conformation. This results suggested that, among these four MMPs, isosakuratenin are best interacted with MMP12 and hence, could be used to visualized the potential of isosakuratenin as MMP12 inhibitor during wound healing process. This recent work provides meaningful insights in regards to the molecular structure interaction and requirement of the phytoconstituents from Chromolaena odorata for subsequent pharmaceutical formulation in catering the wound healing products demand.
Development of new novel constitutive model for deep reservoir sandstone rock for sand production application
Authors: Subbiah S K , Mohamad-Hussein A , Samsuri A , Jaafar M Z , Chen Y R , Pearce A , Paramanathan R N 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Sand production in oil or gas well can cause serious havoc leading to surface and downhole equipment erosion and induced unwanted cost to fix it. Thus, for the completion selection and optimisation, it requires a proper geomechanical analysis. During this process it is very important to use an appropriate failure constitutive model where it should be able to honour the onset failure of the geomaterial and the post failure as well. Currently most of existing failure criteria do not honour full spectrum of stress and strain evolution including post failure (softening). We developed a new elastoplastic constitutive model for weak geomaterial to fill the gap by using single equation to honour both hardening and softening of the geomaterial. Triaxial test has been conducted on rock sample under different confining pressure using a servo controller. The data from lab test has been used to develop the constitutive failure model followed by a validation using the Finite Element Method. Mohr Coulomb failure which is commonly used in the industry has been compared with the new constitutive model (known as ASA model). As the results the newly developed model was able to capture better the full elasto-plastic behaviour that includes softening or post failure of the geomaterial mechanical response compared to Mohr Coulomb criterion. This is quite critical for oil and gas applications, especially in the case of sand production. In conclusion, the new constitutive model was able to honour the full spectrum of nonlinear stress strain evolution using single equation and demonstrated superior compared to the commonly used failure criteria in the industry.
An optimization model for course scheduling in Undergraduate Industrial Engineering Program of Universitas Sebelas Maret
Authors: Pratiwi M , Rosyidi C N , Yuniaristanto  
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Course timetabling is a common problem in many universities. With different number of students enrolled in every course, the number of lecturers, and various size of room’s capacity, then it would be difficult for scheduler to assign courses manually. The assigning process must meet all of educational rules in order to satisfy students and lecturers for a better educational quality. There are sets of time slot, courses, and rooms. The room efficiency and the effectiveness needed due to limited available room. The problem is formulated in the form of binary integer linear programming. The objective function of the model is to maximise the room utility. The model also considers probability of a course taken by different student groups in order to avoid clash. The results show a significant difference between manual scheduling and optimization results can satifsy more constraints than manual scheduling.
Analysis of the eco-efficiency level in the dining table production process using life cycle assessment method to increase industry sustainability
Authors: Purwaningsih R , Susanto N , Adiaksa D A , Putri A A A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study aims to measure the environmental costs (eco-cost) and the level of eco-efficiency of the production of the dining table in the Jepara furniture industry and formulates recommendations to improve eco-efficiency. The measurement of eco-efficiency was performed using life cycle assessment (LCA) with the eco-cost method. The furniture manufacturer produces a waste of 30 % and the product reject 15 %. The result of the data processing shows that the eco-costs of IDR 134,000 per unit product and net value IDR 208,000. The eco-efficiency index or EEI is 1.55 which means that the products categorized as affordable and sustainable. The eco-efficiency level is 35% means that the environmental performance is low and the furniture production needs improvements in the production process. Strategy to improve the eco-efficiency of production is increasing the utilization of wood waste and increasing the capability of technicians and operators to reduce the product defect.
Understanding user feedback on learning management system of SIPEJAR by using text mining techniques
Authors: Rahmawati P , Larasati A , Farhan M , Hajji A M , Fanani N A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
SIPEJAR (Sistem Pengelolaan Pembelajaran) as a learning management system can organize various activities in e-learning such as assignments, exams, learning materials, etc. This study aimed to use text mining techniques to extract information from the answers given by respondents toward questions about SIPEJAR. Text mining is one of the techniques used to extract and analyze useful information from the unstructured data. The data were collected using an online survey, and the total data collected is 10,456 but only 9,315 were used. The results show that course material, assignment, and search for information are the three most important factors that motivate students to access SIPEJAR. In the contrary, the factors that lead students to reluctant using SIPEJAR is bad quality network, difficulty to use, and frequently server down. In addition, the factors that need to be improved from SIPEJAR is a user interface, features, service, notification, and simplicity.
Utilization of facial expression analysis in the pricing strategy formulation
Authors: Sari H , Rahadian M S , Rizkiana A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Value-based pricing is one of the pricing strategies to determine the appropriate price plan based on the product’s value. This article examines how the facial expression of the customer can be used to measure intention to buy for the price plan developed by value-based pricing. The results of this study indicate that participants’ positive emotions were significantly higher than negative emotions for all the products displayed formulated using value-based pricing, consistent with the self-reported questionnaire result. In conclusion, facial expression measured by FaceReader can be used to validate the price plan formulated using value-based pricing.
Trends and future studies on policies to improve renewable energy share
Authors: Sulistio J , Wirjodirdjo B , Karningsih P D 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Every country needs to set up robust policies to reach its future targets in renewable energy development. The objective of this article is to explore the trends and research opportunities in this subject area. Systematic Literature Review (SLR) is applied together with bibliometric analysis to satisfy the objective. The database used in this study is Scopus considering its size and wide acceptance by major publishers. This study applies structural literature review and bibliometric analysis within one of its stages. A simple meta-analysis is cooperated prior to other analyses in this study. Various models are exercised to analyse important aspects in renewable energy policies, namely Input-output models, CGE models, Theory-based evaluation, multi-criteria analysis, and hybrid approach. Nonetheless, renewable energy is considered as a complex system. Therefore, advanced simulation techniques such as the discrete event simulation model, the agent-based model, system dynamics, and mixed methods are considered. Due to its characteristics, the mixed method is the most comprehensive approach. However, because mix methods have not been supported by proper tools or simulation software, agent-based model and system dynamics are proposed individually. Future research also should consider other than a market-based approach to develop robust policies to reach the ideal renewable energy share.
Designing integrated testing for product development of prosthetic hand
Authors: Susanto N , Prastawa H , Meilaningrum A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In order to produce a standardized product, a series of product testing is needed from the beginning of the product design to the final product. The development of medical devices that is very rapid and demands excellent product quality needs to be accompanied by a very rigorous testing process because the use of the product is related to the user’s physical and mental health condition. This study aims to summarize the ongoing testing carried out during product design to the use of the product by the user. The product in this case study is prosthetic hand made by CBIOM3S Diponegoro University. The research method used is based on research and direct surveys of designers, users and experts as well as literature review confirmation. The results showed a variety of stages and standardized starting from design testing, material testing, failure analysis and simulation, prototype testing for both the bionic and mechanical hands, usability and psychological testing by respondents and ended with medical confirmation.
Determination of route for estimating number of truck needed in periodic distribution: A case study
Authors: Hartanto D , Wahyuningtyas R 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Transportation is an important supply chain element. Lowering logistics costs can be effectively carried out by lowering transportation costs. PT. IAP is a distributor company that supplies fast-moving consumer goods products to more than 500 Modern Trade. There was 77% of delivery have been carried out by PT. IAP has achieved the targeted service level. The root cause of this problem is delivery which is triggered by purchase order (PO) from retailers. IAP plans to change the delivery procedure that has been triggered by the PO to periodic delivery based on historical data of each retailer’s demand. Therefore, this research aims to determine the route to estimate the number of trucks needed is periodic delivery. The distribution route will be developed using a saving matrix algorithm for clustering retailers in one route while the order of delivery is obtained by the Nearest Neighbor method. Based on the results of the saving matrix developed in visual basic for application (VBA), it is found that the number of vehicles needed by Colt Diesel Double (CDD) trucks is 23 units and Colt Diesel Engkel (CDE) trucks are 11 units. The reduction in the number of trucks needed is significant, before the study, the company needs 40 trucks CDD and 15 trucks CDE.
Engineering the electronic and optical properties of 2D porphyrin-paddlewheel metal-organic frameworks
Authors: Posligua Victor , Pandya Dimpy , Aziz Alex , Rivera Miguel , Crespo-Otero Rachel , Hamad Said , Grau-Crespo Ricardo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising photocatalytic materials due to their high surface area and tuneability of their electronic structure. We discuss here how to engineer the band structures and optical properties of a family of two-dimensional porphyrin-based MOFs, consisting of M-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin structures (M-TCPP, where M = Zn or Co) and metal (Co, Ni, Cu or Zn) paddlewheel clusters, with the aim of optimising their photocatalytic behaviour in solar fuel synthesis reactions (water-splitting and/or CO2 reduction). Based on density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT simulations with a hybrid functional, we studied three types of composition/structural modifications: (a) varying the metal centre at the paddlewheel or at the porphyrin centre to modify the band alignment; (b) partially reducing the porphyrin unit to chlorin, which leads to stronger absorption of visible light; and (c) substituting the benzene bridging between the porphyrin and paddlewheel, by ethyne or butadiyne bridges, with the aim of modifying the linker to metal charge transfer behaviour. Our work offers new insights on how to improve the photocatalytic behaviour of porphyrin- and paddlewheel-based MOFs.
Low growth rate synthesis of GaAs nanowires with uniform size
Authors: Mostafavi Kashani Seyed Mohammad 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The growth of nanowires (NWs) with uniform sizes is crucial for future NW-based electronics. In this work, an efficient one-step process is introduced for the growth of uniform gallium arsenide NWs on the native oxide surface of Si, which could be even considered as an alternative for expensive and sophisticated patterning approaches. The proposed strategy considers a Ga pre-deposition step leading to the formation of droplets with homogeneous sizes. That is followed by controlled nucleation of gallium arsenide from those droplets only. Our key to controlling the nucleation of gallium arsenide is to perform the NW growth at temperatures above 580 ± 10 °C and low Ga fluxes. By this method, the statistical distribution of the length and diameter of the vertically grown NWs decreased to about 3%–6% of their averaged values. Moreover, 100% epitaxial growth was realized. Besides, the growth of undesired parasitic islands is addressed and accordingly suppressed. Our study focuses on NW low growth rates, which is so far not investigated in the literature and, could be of great interest e.g. for in situ growth studies.
Litigation Spending and Care under the English and American Rules: Experimental Evidence
Authors: Massenot Baptiste , Maraki Maria , Thöni Christian 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We investigate the effects of fee-shifting in an experimental litigation game. In our setup, a defendant may cause harm to a plaintiff. The defendant can take precautions to lower the probability of harm at a personal cost. In case of harm, the parties go to court, where the winner is determined by a rent-seeking contest. We compare two fee-shifting rules: under the American rule each party bears its own litigation costs; under the English rule the loser has to reimburse the winner’s expenses. We test the hypothesis that the English rule leads to higher litigation spending but also to higher care compared to the American rule. The experimental results largely support the predictions: fee-shifting leads to higher litigation spending, which motivates higher levels of care. When the parties are offered the possibility to settle their dispute out of court, fee-shifting leads to even higher litigation spending in court, but it neither affects the settlement rate nor care.