bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frequency and impact of childhood sexual and physical abuse on people using IAPT services
Authors: Verbist Irini Laura , Allsopp Kate , Huey Dale , Varese Filippo 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesThis study explored the prevalence of childhood sexual/physical abuse (CSA/CPA) as identified by practitioners in Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) services and clarified differences in clients’ characteristics with and without a history of CSA/CPA.MethodsA retrospective analysis of a large dataset comprised of IAPT routine data and data from a local service evaluation reporting on clients’ presenting problems.Results14% of IAPT clients (n = 1,315) were identified with a record of CSA/CPA. CSA/CPA history was associated with longer duration and earlier age of onset of condition(s), greater number of presenting problems and post‐traumatic stress disorder co‐occurrence, higher intensity treatment delivery, and lower recovery rates.ConclusionsCSA/CPA history appears as an important feature in a sizable minority of IAPT clients; further work is required to meet clients’ trauma‐related needs.Practitioner points

A sizable minority of IAPT clients (14%) present with a history of CSA/CPA as recorded in clinical notes.

CSA/CPA history is associated with more complex and enduring presentations in IAPT clients.

The reported CSA/CPA frequency is likely to be underestimates of the actual prevalence and impact of adverse childhood experiences in IAPT clients.

Trauma‐informed inquiry and trauma‐specific screening tools would help practitioners to meet clients’ trauma‐related needs.
Detailing the impact of the Storegga Tsunami at Montrose, Scotland
Authors: Bateman Mark D. , Kinnaird Tim C. , Hill Jon , Ashurst Robert A. , Mohan Jenna , Bateman Rebecca B. I. , Robinson Ruth 
Published: June 2021

The Storegga tsunami, dated in Norway to 8150±30 cal. years BP, hit many countries bordering the North Sea. Run‐ups of >30 m occurred and 1000s of kilometres of coast were impacted. Whilst recent modelling successfully generated a tsunami wave train, the wave heights and velocities, it under‐estimated wave run‐ups. Work presented here used luminescence to directly date the Storegga tsunami deposits at the type site of Maryton, Aberdeenshire in Scotland. It also undertook sedimentological characterization to establish provenance, and number and relative power of the tsunami waves. Tsunami model refinement used this to better understand coastal inundation. Luminescence ages successfully date Scottish Storegga tsunami deposits to 8100±250 years. Sedimentology showed that at Montrose, three tsunami waves came from the northeast or east, over‐ran pre‐existing marine sands and weathered igneous bedrock on the coastal plain. Incorporation of an inundation model predicts well a tsunami impacting on the Montrose Basin in terms of replicate direction and sediment size. However, under‐estimation of run‐up persisted requiring further consideration of palaeotopography and palaeo‐near‐shore bathymetry for it to agree with sedimentary evidence. Future model evolution incorporating this will be better able to inform on the hazard risk and potential impacts for future high‐magnitude submarine generated tsunami events.
Out‐of‐pocket and private pay in clinical genetic testing: A scoping review
Authors: Grant Peter , Langlois Sylvie , Lynd Larry D. ,   GenCOUNSEL Study, Austin Jehannine C. , Elliott Alison M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFull coverage of the cost of clinical genetic testing is not always available through public or private insurance programs, or a public healthcare system. Consequently, some patients may be faced with the decision of whether to finance testing out‐of‐pocket (OOP), meet OOP expenses required by their insurer, or not proceed with testing. A scoping review was conducted to identify literature associated with patient OOP and private pay in clinical genetic testing. Seven databases (EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsychINFO, PAIS, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and the JBI Evidence‐Based Practice database) were searched, resulting in 83 unique publications included in the review. The presented evidence includes a descriptive analysis, followed by a narrative account of the extracted data. Results were divided into four groups according to clinical indication: (1) hereditary breast and ovarian cancer, (2) other hereditary cancers, (3) prenatal testing, (4) other clinical indications. The majority of studies focused on hereditary cancer and prenatal genetic testing. Overall trends indicated that OOP costs have fallen and payer coverage has improved, but OOP expenses continue to present a barrier to patients who do not qualify for full coverage.
Higher Dimensional Graphics: Conceiving Worlds in Four Spatial Dimensions and Beyond
Authors: Cavallo M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWhile the interpretation of high‐dimensional datasets has become a necessity in most industries, the spatial visualization of higher‐dimensional geometry has mostly remained a niche research topic for mathematicians and physicists. Intermittent contributions to this field date back more than a century, and have had a non‐negligible influence on contemporary art and philosophy. However, most contributions have focused on the understanding of specific mathematical shapes, with few concrete applications. In this work, we attempt to revive the community's interest in visualizing higher dimensional geometry by shifting the focus from the visualization of abstract shapes to the design of a broader hyper‐universe concept, wherein 3D and 4D objects can coexist and interact with each other. Specifically, we discuss the content definition, authoring patterns, and technical implementations associated with the process of extending standard 3D applications as to support 4D mechanics. We operationalize our ideas through the introduction of a new hybrid 3D/4D videogame called Across Dimensions, which we developed in Unity3D through the integration of our own 4D plugin.
Temporally Reliable Motion Vectors for Real‐time Ray Tracing
Authors: Zeng Zheng , Liu Shiqiu , Yang Jinglei , Wang Lu , Yan Ling‐Qi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractReal‐time ray tracing (RTRT) is being pervasively applied. The key to RTRT is a reliable denoising scheme that reconstructs clean images from significantly undersampled noisy inputs, usually at 1 sample per pixel as limited by current hardware's computing power. The state of the art reconstruction methods all rely on temporal filtering to find correspondences of current pixels in the previous frame, described using per‐pixel screen‐space motion vectors. While these approaches are demonstrated powerful, they suffer from a common issue that the temporal information cannot be used when the motion vectors are not valid, i.e. when temporal correspondences are not obviously available or do not exist in theory.We introduce temporally reliable motion vectors that aim at deeper exploration of temporal coherence, especially for the generally‐believed difficult applications on shadows, glossy reflections and occlusions, with the key idea to detect and track the cause of each effect. We show that our temporally reliable motion vectors produce significantly better temporal results on a variety of dynamic scenes when compared to the state of the art methods, but with negligible performance overhead.
Semantics‐Guided Latent Space Exploration for Shape Generation
Authors: Jahan Tansin , Guan Yanran , van Kaick Oliver 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe introduce an approach to incorporate user guidance into shape generation approaches based on deep networks. Generative networks such as autoencoders and generative adversarial networks are trained to encode shapes into latent vectors, effectively learning a latent shape space that can be sampled for generating new shapes. Our main idea is to enable users to explore the shape space with the use of high‐level semantic keywords. Specifically, the user inputs a set of keywords that describe the general attributes of the shape to be generated, e.g., “four legs” for a chair. Then, our method maps the keywords to a subspace of the latent space, where the subspace captures the shapes possessing the specified attributes. The user then explores only this subspace to search for shapes that satisfy the design goal, in a process similar to using a parametric shape model. Our exploratory approach allows users to model shapes at a high level without the need for advanced artistic skills, in contrast to existing methods that allow to guide the generation with sketching or partial modeling of a shape. Our technical contribution to enable this exploration‐based approach is the introduction of a label regression neural network coupled with shape encoder/decoder networks. The label regression network takes the user‐provided keywords and maps them to distributions in the latent space. We show that our method allows users to explore the shape space and generate a variety of shapes with selected high‐level attributes.
Practical Face Reconstruction via Differentiable Ray Tracing
Authors: Dib A. , Bharaj G. , Ahn J. , Thébault C. , Gosselin P. , Romeo M. , Chevallier L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe present a differentiable ray‐tracing based novel face reconstruction approach where scene attributes – 3D geometry, reflectance (diffuse, specular and roughness), pose, camera parameters, and scene illumination – are estimated from unconstrained monocular images. The proposed method models scene illumination via a novel, parameterized virtual light stage, which in‐conjunction with differentiable ray‐tracing, introduces a coarse‐to‐fine optimization formulation for face reconstruction. Our method can not only handle unconstrained illumination and self‐shadows conditions, but also estimates diffuse and specular albedos. To estimate the face attributes consistently and with practical semantics, a two‐stage optimization strategy systematically uses a subset of parametric attributes, where subsequent attribute estimations factor those previously estimated. For example, self‐shadows estimated during the first stage, later prevent its baking into the personalized diffuse and specular albedos in the second stage. We show the efficacy of our approach in several real‐world scenarios, where face attributes can be estimated even under extreme illumination conditions. Ablation studies, analyses and comparisons against several recent state‐of‐the‐art methods show improved accuracy and versatility of our approach. With consistent face attributes reconstruction, our method leads to several style – illumination, albedo, self‐shadow – edit and transfer applications, as discussed in the paper.
Walk2Map: Extracting Floor Plans from Indoor Walk Trajectories
Authors: Mura Claudio , Pajarola Renato , Schindler Konrad , Mitra Niloy 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRecent years have seen a proliferation of new digital products for the efficient management of indoor spaces, with important applications like emergency management, virtual property showcasing and interior design. While highly innovative and effective, these products rely on accurate 3D models of the environments considered, including information on both architectural and non‐permanent elements. These models must be created from measured data such as RGB‐D images or 3D point clouds, whose capture and consolidation involves lengthy data workflows. This strongly limits the rate at which 3D models can be produced, preventing the adoption of many digital services for indoor space management.We provide a radical alternative to such data‐intensive procedures by presentingWalk2Map, a data‐driven approach to generate floor plans only from trajectories of a person walking inside the rooms. Thanks to recent advances in data‐driven inertial odometry, such minimalistic input data can be acquired from the IMU readings of consumer‐level smartphones, which allows for an effortless and scalable mapping of real‐world indoor spaces. Our work is based on learning the latent relation between an indoor walk trajectory and the information represented in a floor plan: interior space footprint, portals, and furniture. We distinguish between recovering area‐related (interior footprint, furniture) and wall‐related (doors) information and use two different neural architectures for the two tasks: an image‐based Encoder‐Decoder and a Graph Convolutional Network, respectively. We train our networks using scanned 3D indoor models and apply them in a cascaded fashion on an indoor walk trajectory at inference time.We perform a qualitative and quantitative evaluation using both trajectories simulated from scanned models of interiors and measured, real‐world trajectories, and compare against a baseline method for image‐to‐image translation. The experiments confirm that our technique is viable and allows recovering reliable floor plans from minimal walk trajectory data.
RigidFusion: RGB‐D Scene Reconstruction with Rigidly‐moving Objects
Authors: Wong Yu-Shiang , Li Changjian , Nießner Matthias , Mitra Niloy J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAlthough surface reconstruction from depth data has made significant advances in the recent years, handling changing environments remains a major challenge. This is unsatisfactory, as humans regularly move objects in their environments. Existing solutions focus on a restricted set of objects (e.g., those detected by semantic classifiers) possibly with template meshes, assume static camera, or mark objects touched by humans as moving. We remove these assumptions by introducing RigidFusion. Our core idea is a novel asynchronous moving‐object detection method, combined with a modified volumetric fusion. This is achieved by a model‐to‐frame TSDF decomposition leveraging free‐space carving of tracked depth values of the current frame with respect to the background model during run‐time. As output, we produce separate volumetric reconstructions for the background and each moving object in the scene, along with its trajectory over time. Our method does not rely on the object priors (e.g., semantic labels or pre‐scanned meshes) and is insensitive to the motion residuals between objects and the camera. In comparison to state‐of‐the‐art methods (e.g., Co‐Fusion, MaskFusion), we handle significantly more challenging reconstruction scenarios involving moving camera and improve moving‐object detection (26% on the miss‐detection ratio), tracking (27% on MOTA), and reconstruction (3% on the reconstruction F1) on the synthetic dataset. Please refer the supplementary and the project website for the video demonstration (geometry.cs.ucl.ac.uk/projects/2021/rigidfusion).
Velocity Skinning for Real‐time Stylized Skeletal Animation
Authors: Rohmer Damien , Tarini Marco , Kalyanasundaram Niranjan , Moshfeghifar Faezeh , Cani Marie-Paule , Zordan Victor 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSecondary animation effects are essential for liveliness. We propose a simple, real‐time solution for adding them on top of standard skinning, enabling artist‐driven stylization of skeletal motion. Our method takes a standard skeleton animation as input, along with a skin mesh and rig weights. It then derives per‐vertex deformations from the different linear and angular velocities along the skeletal hierarchy. We highlight two specific applications of this general framework, namely the cartoon‐like “squashy” and “floppy” effects, achieved from specific combinations of velocity terms. As our results show, combining these effects enables to mimic, enhance and stylize physical‐looking behaviours within a standard animation pipeline, for arbitrary skinned characters. Interactive on CPU, our method allows for GPU implementation, yielding real‐time performances even on large meshes. Animator control is supported through a simple interface toolkit, enabling to refine the desired type and magnitude of deformation at relevant vertices by simply painting weights. The resulting rigged character automatically responds to new skeletal animation, without further input.
Local Light Alignment for Multi‐Scale Shape Depiction
Authors: Mestres Nolan , Vergne Romain , Noûs Camille , Thollot Joëlle 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMotivated by recent findings in the field of visual perception, we present a novel approach for enhancing shape depiction and perception of surface details. We propose a shading‐based technique that relies on locally adjusting the direction of light to account for the different components of materials. Our approach ensures congruence between shape and shading flows, leading to an effective enhancement of the perception of shape and details while impairing neither the lighting nor the appearance of materials. It is formulated in a general way allowing its use for multiple scales enhancement in real‐time on the GPU, as well as in global illumination contexts. We also provide artists with fine control over the enhancement at each scale.
Film Directing for Computer Games and Animation
Authors: Ronfard Rémi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOver the last forty years, researchers in computer graphics have proposed a large variety of theoretical models and computer implementations of a virtual film director, capable of creating movies from minimal input such as a screenplay or storyboard. The underlying film directing techniques are also in high demand to assist and automate the generation of movies in computer games and animation. The goal of this survey is to characterize the spectrum of applications that require film directing, to present a historical and up‐to‐date summary of research in algorithmic film directing, and to identify promising avenues and hot topics for future research.
Chronic Toxoplasma gondii infection and sleep‐wake alterations in mice
Authors: Dupont Damien , Lin Jian‐Sheng , Peyron François , Akaoka Hideo , Wallon Martine 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimToxoplasma gondii (Tg) is an intracellular parasite infecting more than a third of the human population. Yet, the impact of Tg infection on sleep, a highly sensitive index of brain functions, remains unknown. We designed an experimental mouse model of chronic Tg infection to assess the effects on sleep‐wake states.MethodsMice were infected using cysts of the type II Prugniaud strain. We performed chronic sleep‐wake recordings and monitoring as well as EEG power spectral density analysis in order to assess the quantitative and qualitative changes of sleep‐wake states. Pharmacological approach was combined to evaluate the direct impact of the infection and inflammation caused by Tg.ResultsInfected mouse exhibited chronic sleep‐wake alterations over months, characterized by a marked increase (>20%) in time spent awake and in cortical EEG θ power density of all sleep‐wake states. Meanwhile, slow‐wave sleep decreased significantly. These effects were alleviated by an anti‐inflammatory treatment using corticosteroid dexamethasone.ConclusionWe demonstrated for the first time the direct consequences of Tg infection on sleep‐wake states. The persistently increased wakefulness and reduced sleep fit with the parasite's strategy to enhance dissemination through host predation and are of significance in understanding the neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders reported in infected patients.
Barriers to effective health care for patients who have smell or taste disorders
Authors: Ball Stephen , Boak Duncan , Dixon Joanne , Carrie Sean , Philpott Carl M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesSmell/taste disturbances are a common but underrated, under‐researched and under treated sensory loss and an independent risk factor for reduced longevity. This study aimed to characterise the experience of patients with these disorders in seeking help.DesignThe study was designed by patients together with clinicians through a dedicated workshop and conducted as a cross‐sectional survey to capture experiences in public and private healthcare settings internationally.SettingPrimary, secondary and tertiary care.ParticipantsAny members of the public self‐reporting a smell/taste disorder were invited to participate.Main outcome measuresThe survey captured information including experience of getting consultations and referrals to medical professionals, treatments offered, costs incurred and related problems with mental health.ResultsOf 673 participants; 510 female, 160 male, three not stated, self‐reported aetiology included sinonasal disease (24%), idiopathic (24%) and post‐viral olfactory dysfunction (22%); true gustatory disorders were typically rare. Failure of medical professionals to recognise the problem was a key concern ‐ 64%, 76% and 47% of GPs, ENT specialists and Neurologists acknowledged, respectively. Other issues included repeated ineffective treatments, difficulties getting referrals to secondary/tertiary care, mental health problems (60%) and a mean personal cost of £421 to seeking advice and treatment. Whilst the participants were self‐selecting, however, they do represent those who are seeking help and intervention for their disorders.ConclusionThere is an unmet need for these patients in accessing health care including a clear need to improve education of and engagement with the medical profession in Otorhinolaryngology, General Practice and other specialties, in order to remove the current barriers they face.
Keeping up with the status of freshwater fishes: A California (USA) perspective
Authors: Leidy Robert A. , Moyle Peter B. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFreshwater biodiversity loss exceeds that in terrestrial systems; fishes are a predominant indicator of this catastrophe. Current worldwide estimates of freshwater fish species threatened with extinction are about 30%. We discuss why standard monitoring of the status of most fishes is inadequate to keep up with declines. Rapid population declines and shrinking freshwater fish distributions result in shifting baselines that make it challenging to evaluate conservation status reliably and promptly and effectively address further decreases. We present the California Method for Status Evaluation of Fishes as an alternative to existing methods for assessing the regional status of freshwater fishes. This method uses local expertise to score metrics and generates a fish status rating to inform short‐term management decisions. This approach applies to Distinct Population Segments, subspecies, species, and entire regional fish faunas and is adaptable to local, changing environmental conditions. Using this method, we update the freshwater status scores for 131 native California fish species, a fauna in rapid decline.
Best practice recommendations for the use of hepatitis C viremic donor organs for hepatitis C virus naïve recipients
Authors: Stewart Zoe A. , Shah Shimul A. , Rolls Jason A. , Guarrera James V. , Kandaswamy Raja , Axelrod David A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe combination of the transplant organ deficit, the increase in HCV nucleic acid positive donors (HCV NAT+), and the development of direct‐acting antiviral agents (DAAs) has resulted in a rapid increase in HCV NAT+ organ transplants into HCV naïve recipients. Early clinical experience with HCV NAT+ donor organs has shown promising outcomes; however, best practices are lacking to guide transplant programs during all phases of patient care. Transplant programs developing protocols for the utilization of HCV NAT+ organs will need a multidisciplinary team to address all aspects of pre‐transplant and post‐transplant patient care. Reports of fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis in HCV NAT+ organ transplant recipients receiving delayed DAA initiation highlight the need for the transplant community to develop safe and effective protocols. A failure to do so will inevitably lead to the erosion of public trust from cases of missed or inadequately treated donor‐derived HCV infections. Herein, we provide best practice guidelines for the utilization of HCV NAT+ organs into HCV‐negative recipients based on literature review and expert opinion from the faculty of the ASTS Standards and Quality Committee.