bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of angiotensin II receptor blockers in children- a review of evidence
Authors: Nwaiwu O , Olayemi SO , Amao O 
Published: May 2021

Background: The incidence of hypertension in the pediatric population has been increasing. Childhood blood pressure is predictive of adult BP. The renin angiotensin aldosterone system pathway is important in the mediation of pediatric hypertension. New therapies approved for adults are often used off label in children with little or no efficacy and safety data in the paediatric population The angiotensin receptor blockers has been shown to be effective and safe in the treatment of pediatric hypertension.Objective: The objective of this review is to highlight available clinical evidence on the efficacy, safety tolerability and kinetics of angiotensin receptor blockers in childhood hypertension and its antiproteinuric effect in renal disease.Method: The search strategy was based on Pubmed, Medline database, Cochrane Library, manual, Google and Yahoo searches. We summarized ten randomized controlled trials (RCTs) .The search was done in June 2014 and updated in January and May 2015 in English language .Results: A total of 120 publications were accessed from which 68 references were included in the review. The design and outcome of ten key randomised trials are summarised. Randomised trials have demonstrated the efficacy of angiotensin receptor blockers in the pediatric population aged 1–16 years. This class of drugs reduce blood pressures in pediatric patients with hypertension and proteinuria in renal disease. Safety pharmacokinetic, dosage, and palatability of adult formulations for the paediatric age group are highlightedConclusion: Angiotensin receptor antagonists are useful effective and safe alternatives to available antihypertensive therapy in paediatric population. Angiotensin receptor antagonists should however be prescribed cautiously for sexually active adolescent females due to concern about angiotensin receptor blocker fetopathy.Keywords: Angiotensin receptor blockers, childhood hypertension, drug safety, drug efficacy, pharmacokinetics and renal diseases.
Nutritional status of day care attendees in Port Harcourt metropolis
Authors: Agbedeyi GO , Eke GK , Nte AR 
Published: May 2021

Objective: To determine the nutritional status of children aged 0-35 months attending day care centres in Port Harcourt metropolis.Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive survey approved by the University of Port Harcourt Research Ethics Committee, the parents, Authorities of Day care centres and National Association of Proprietors of Private Schools, was carried out between November 2011 and July 2012 in 200 day care centres in Port Harcourt metropolis. The centres were selected using stratified multistage random sampling technique. At each day care 10 children (5 males and 5 females) selected randomly from those who met the inclusion criteria were recruited. With parental cooperation, each child's socio-demographic data, nutritional history and anthropometric measurements were obtained. Data were analysed using SPSS version 20. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05.Results: Complete data for analysis were available for 1541 children aged 5-34months (mean 23.78 ± 7.04 months, median 25 months and modal 24 months) with 110(7.2%) children aged less than 12 months and 283(18%) less than 18 months. They consisted of 766 (49.7%) males and 775 (50.3%) females. Most children had normal nutritional status using the various indices but 46 (3%) children were underweight, 85 (5.5%) stunted, 109 (7.1%) wasted and 328 (21.3%) overweight. The mean Mid Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) was 15.95 ± 1.698 cm with 29 (2%) children having MUAC below 115mm.Conclusion: Majority of the day care attendees were well nourished. However, the high prevalence of overweight malnutrition is of serious concern in view of its associated long term morbidity and the need for effective interventions to reduce this risk.Key Words: day care centres, under-fives, malnutrition, overweight, children.
Feeding pattern of children in day care centres in Port Harcourt metropolis
Authors: Agbedeyi GO , Eke GK , Nte AR 
Published: May 2021

Objective: To determine the feeding pattern of day care attendees aged 0-35 months in Port Harcourt metropolis.Methodology : Following appropriate approvals, a pilot-tested questionnaire was used to obtain the socio-demographic data and information on the feeding pattern of 10 day care attendees aged 0- 35 months who met the study criteria selected from each of 200 schools using a stratified multistage random sampling technique. Data entry and analyses utilised SPSS version 20 and statistical significance was set at p<0.05.Results: Between November, 2011 and July, 2012, 1541 children comprised of 766 (49.7%) males and 775 (50.3%) females were studied. They were aged 5- 34months (mean 23.78 ± 7.04 months, median 25 months and modal 24 months) with 110(7.2%) children aged less than 12 months and 283(18%) aged less than 18 months. Although 102(6.6%) children were still breastfeeding, none of the 21 (1.4%) children aged less than 6 months was being exclusively breastfed. Complementary feeding commenced at age 6- 8 months in 747(48.5%) children, before 6 months in 613(39.8%) and after 9 months in 181(11.7%) children. The ages at starting day care attendance which ranged from 1-25 months with 56.3% children starting before 11 months of age statistically significantly influenced the ages at which complementary feeding commenced (χ2= 53.431, df = 8, p = 0.000). The main foods fed to day care attendees while at day care centres were adult diet for 1152 (74.8%) children and breast milk and/or cereals for 389 (25.2%). Daily feeding frequencies while at the centre which ranged between 1-6 times and decreased with the child’s age an the age was statistically significantly affected by the child’s age, the feeding frequency (p = 0.000).Conclusion: The feeding pattern of these day care attendees did not comply with the recommendations of the National Infant and Young Child Feeding Guidelines. This situation at a national level may contribute to the high prevalence of under-five malnutrition and calls for strategies to correct these deficiencies.Key words: Feeding pattern, Day care attendees, Day care centres,
Impact of screen use on nutritional status
Authors: Akintade O.O. , Abdulkadir M.B. , Saka A.O. , Adedoyin O.T. 
Published: May 2021

Background: Media use has become increasingly common among young people, in both developed and developing countries. Screen media are particularly popular as they provide a wide variety of information and entertainment. Excess use of these has been associated with several negative impacts, among which is the potential risk of inducing or promoting overweight and obesity, through various mechanisms including promotion of a sedentary lifestyle.Objectives: To establish a relationship between prolonged and excessive use of media and the body mass index of students in secondary schoolsMethods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out among 630 secondary school students within Ilorin metropolis. Subjects were selected using a multi-staged, stratified sampling technique. Semi-structured questionnaire were used to obtain socio-demographic data and use of media. The weight and height of the subjects were obtained and body mass index was calculated as the ratio of weight to height squared.Results: A total of 630 students participated in the study, 300 (47.6%) were male and 330 (52.4%) were female. Television was the commonest medium used by 94.9% students, followed by mobile phones (69.2%). Seven point three percent of the students were overweight and 5.2% were obese. Overweight and obese students spent a longer total time on screen media than other s (p=0.002).Conclusion: Media use is common in Nigerian children and there was significant association between prolonged use of screen media and being overweight and obese in the students
Keywords: Media, Screen, Overweight, Students
Childhood tuberculosis: Characteristics and peculiarities
Authors: Mustapha M.G. , Ashir G.M. , Rabasa A.I. , Farouk A.G. , Elechi H.A. , Alhaji M.A. 
Published: May 2021

Tuberculosis (TB) is an important infectious disease of public health concern. The effects of TB on children in terms of morbidity and mortality is more than that of adults. These may not be unconnected with the differences in characteristics and peculiarities of the disease in children. Tuberculosis in children is usually primary, paucibacillary, characterized by difficulties in diagnosis of both drug susceptible and resistant TB associated with poor uptake of preventive therapy for those with latent infection, contacts and people living with HIV and AIDS (PLWHA) in most developing countries.While significant similarities exist between spectrum of TB occurring in adults and children, the characteristics and peculiarities of childhood TB may be unknown to policy makers and some clinicians, hence giving it less focus in control measures. The aim of this review is to highlight some of the characteristics and peculiarities of TB in children using PubMed/PubMed Central (PMC) and MEDLINE databases searched for relevant search strings from December, 2018 to September, 2019. Appropriate hard copies of books and journal articles were also included. Conclusion: While the management of TB in children is characterized by difficulties due to both peculiarities of children and the disease; with detailed clinical assessment and examination of necessary specimen in addition to strict adherence to the guidelines of the national TB control program, more cases of TB in children can be prevented, diagnosed, treated and reported.
Vaccine-related knowledge and utilization of childhood immunization among mothers in urban Lagos
Authors: Omomila J.O. , Ogunyemi A.O. , Kanma-Okafor O.J. , Ogunnowo B.E. 
Published: May 2021

Background: Immunization is the single most costeffective preventive health intervention which saves the lives of 2 -3 million children annually. Theunsatisfactory immunization coverage numbers have unsurprisingly resulted in abysmal child mortality figures across the country. This study aims to assess mother’s knowledge and immunization utilization among underfives in an urban community.
Methods: A descriptive crosssectional study was carried out among 232 mothers of under- five children in an urban community in Lagos State. A multistage sampling technique was used to select the respondents. A semistructured interviewer administered questionnaire was used as the survey tool for data collection and a checklist for sighted immunization cards. The entry and analysis of the data was done using EPI – Info Version 7.2.1.0 software computer program. Chi square was used to test association. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: All respondents were aware of immunization. Just over half (53.9%) of the respondents had good knowledge about immunization. Less than half (42.5%) of the under-five children were fully immunized. The vaccines most missed were oral polio and pentavalent vaccines. There was a statistically significant association between knowledge of mothers and the immunization status of their children (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The results indicate that mothers with good knowledge of different aspects of immunization were more likely to have fully vaccinated children. It is recommended that health workers enlighten mothers on the benefit of each vaccine.
Key words: Immunization, Underfive, Utilization, Vaccination, Knowledge
Are mobile phones of health care workers portals of pathogenic organisms causing hospital acquired infections in intensive care units? A mini systematic review
Authors: Mukhtar-Yola M. , Andrew B. 
Published: May 2021

Background: Health care workers at the bedside of critically ill babies freely carry their mobile phones in between procedures and handling patients. Concerns are rising as this may contribute to nosocomial infections with pathogenic bacteria.
Aim: To determine if mobile phones of health care workers in Intensive care units carry potentially pathogenic bacteria leading to hospital acquired infections.
Design: Systematic review.Data sources: Electronic databases (Medline via ovid, CINAHL, Web of science) and hand Searching of references and citations were done to identify studies. Screening and inclusion criteria were used to identify studies with a cross-sectional or cohort design. The search was limited to journal articles published between 2008-2015 and to English language. Quality assessment was done using the National Institute of Health tool for observational studies. Data was extracted on to excel sheets and analysed using SPSS version 22.Results: Six studies with a cohort (1) or cross-sectional design (5) involving 1, 131 health care workers were reviewed. The overall quality of the studies was fair, and a narrative synthesis was done. The colonization rate of the mobile phones ranged between 46.3 % and a 100% with 13-50% carrying potentially pathogenic multidrug resistant microorganisms. Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus, Vancomycine resistant enterococci, acinobacter and coagulase negative staphylococci were reported across all studies and were recognized as leading causes of morbidity and mortalityin the ICU. Conclusion: Mobile phones Of HCW are portals of potentially pathogenic microorganisms, which could result in morbidity and mortality.Although no causal relationship could be established, strong associations have been reported. Guidelines by hospital infection control committees are needed on restriction, care and routine cleaning of mobile phones as well as further research.
Key words: Health care worker, Intensive care unit, Hospital Acquired Infections, mobile phones
The effect of supervised dynamic exercise program on somatosensory temporal discrimination in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome
Authors: Tuğçe Korucu Zübeyde , Onurlu İlknur , Korucu Alperen , Günendi Zafer 
Published: May 2021

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the effect of a supervised dynamic exercise program on somatosensory temporal discrimination (STD) which indicates the central sensory processing ability.
Patients and methods: Forty-eight patients (mean age: 43 years; range, 19 to 64 years) with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) were included in this prospective, randomized study between April 2018 and October 2018. Demographics and clinical measurements were recorded. The STD threshold was measured by a researcher blinded to the treatment groups. After baseline assessments, the patients were randomized into two groups: the supervised exercise group (SEG) and the home exercise group (HEG) as the control group. The SEG performed submaximal aerobic exercise and low-medium resistant isotonic exercises under the supervision of a physiotherapist, 1-h per day, three days in a week for four weeks. The HEG was given a home-based exercise program consisting of low-to-medium resistance isotonic exercises and aerobic exercises 1-h per day, three days in a week for four weeks. After exercise program, clinical assessments and STD threshold measurement were repeated.
Results: Clinical and STD threshold measures improved significantly after four-week exercise program in both groups. The improvements in clinical measures were significantly higher in the SEG. However, there was no difference in the STD threshold improvement between the groups. No correlation was found between the STD threshold measure and clinical features in any patients.
Conclusion: Although a significant improvement was achieved in impaired STD threshold with SEG, it was not found to be superior to the amelioration observed with HEG.
Predictors of renal and patient outcomes in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis: Our single-center, tertiary care experience
Authors: Toraman Aysun , Soysal Gündüz Özgül 
Published: May 2021

Objectives: This study aims to assess the different predictors of renal and patient prognosis in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) patients with and without renal involvement.
Patients and methods: A total of 79 patients (51 males, 28 females; mean age: 57.3±14.2 years; range, 18 to 71 years) with AAV between January 2006 and November 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Demographic and laboratory data including the complement 3 (C3) serum levels and renal biopsy findings were extracted from the electronic and printed medical records of the hospital registry. Survival, renal survival, remission, and relapse outcomes were analyzed.
Results: A total of 35% of the patients with renal involvement progressed to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The dialysis requirement at the time of admission (hazard ratio [HR]: 21.95 [2.93-164.22]; p=0.003), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (HR: 0.97 [0.94-0.99]; p=0.024) and Five-Factor Score (FFS) ≥2 at the time of diagnosis (HR: 3.59 [1.08-11.94]; p=0.037) were the predictors of ESRD. The five-year patient survival rate was 87.1%. The only predictor of mortality was age (HR: 1.07 [1.01-1.14]; p=0.024). The patients with hypocomplementemia (22%) had a lower remission rate (p=0.049), FFS ≥2 at the time of diagnosis (p=0.026), and higher levels of hematuria (p=0.004) and proteinuria (p=0.037). The FFS ≥2 at the time of diagnosis was an independent predictor of relapse (HR: 8.9 [1.02-77.36]; p=0.047).
Conclusion: Our study suggests that the baseline renal function and FFS ≥2 at the time of diagnosis are the major prognostic factors for progression to ESRD in AAV patients. In addition, AAV patients with hypocomplementemia may have a lower remission rate.
Electrophoresis SDS-PAGE and Tricine-SDS-PAGE to differentiate black and yellow soybean: a molecular approach
Authors: STEPHAN M.P. , FELBERG I. , CARRÃO-PANIZZI M.C. 
Published: May 2021

Soybean is well recognized for having several bioactive compounds. Black soybeans have been used in Eastern countries as a healthy food and as an medicinal alternative. The identification of natural substances, such as peptides, present in black and yellow soybeans is necessary. An evaluation of the contribution of these molecules to positive effects to human health molecular studies should be done. The search for molecular aspects that may explain this difference between black soybean and yellow soybean is extremely important. In order to have a peptide-protein extract with semi-purified aspects for further molecular characterization, soybeans grains were grounded in a home-use coffee grinder and fat was removed by using acetone. The protein extracts obtained were characterized by two eletrophorectic techniques (SDS-PAGE and Tricine-SDS-PAGE). Polyacrylamide gels with clear and well-defined polypeptide chains showed that both black and yellow soybean genotypes presented the peptide 5 kDa, while, the 4 kDa peptide was only found in black soybeans. This study, on molecular bases, showed that this method to obtain peptide-protein extracts was effective, to separate peptides in that region and could contribute to choose black or yellow soybean genotypes for clinical trials in evaluation of different health effects.
Hipertensión arterial un factor de riesgo para enfermedad cardiovascular en caficultores de una población rural del departamento de caldas.
Authors: Gutiérrez- Pérez Ruth B. , Corredor Carlos , L.Tovar-Aguirre Olga 
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: Determinar los factores de riesgo cardiovascular en caficultores de una población rural del Departamento de Caldas. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal en la zona oriente del departamento de Caldas, participaron 1486 caficultores a los cuáles se les determinó: Índice de masa corporal (IMC), Diámetro de la cintura, Presión Arterial, Colesterol total y Colesterol HDL directo. Los resultados se analizaron con el paquete estadístico SPSSv18. Hallazgos: Se encontró que el principal factor de riesgo modificable fue la Hipertensión Arterial (HTA) Conclusiones: Las cifras de presión arterial se incrementaron de manera directamente proporcional a la edad coincidiendo con lo reportado por la literatura; llama la atención que el 63,7% no desarrollo HTA, lo que podría considerarse protección cardiovascular aún en las últimas décadas de vida, quizás debido a algún cambio epigenético protector en esta zona o una relación saludable derivada de la actividad laboral.
PENERAPAN METODE PEMBELAJARAN COOPERATIVE INTEGRATED READING AND COMPOSITION (CIRC) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR DALAM MENEMUKAN KALIMAT UTAMA PADA SISWA KELAS IV SDN 22 MATARAM TAHUN PELAJARAN 2020/2021
Authors: Jayadi Usman 
Published: May 2021

Rendahnya kemampuan siswa dalam memahami isi wacana berimplikasi pada rendahnya hasil belajar siswa dalam menemukan kalimat utama. Begitu juga halnya dengan kenyataan yang terjadi pada siswa kelas IV SDN 22 Mataram tahun ajaran 2020/2021. Berdasarkan hasil wawancara dan observasi terhadap guru dan siswa kelas IV SDN 22 Mataram tahun ajaran 2020/2021, diperoleh data hasil belajar siswa pada subpokok bahasan ”menemukan kalimat utama dalam paragraf” yaitu 37,84% atau 14 siswa yang mencapai KKM, sedangkan 23 siswa belum mencapai KKM dan dinyatakan tidak tuntas. Selama observasi ditemukan fakta bahwa kurangnya keterampilan guru dalam menggunakan metode pembelajaran yang dapat menarik minat siswa menyebabkan kurangnya motivasi, konsentrasi dan interaksi siswa dalam belajar, sehingga hasil belajar yang diperoleh kurang memuaskan. Berdasarkan masalah tersebut, salah satu pemecahan masalah yang ditawarkan penulis untuk diteliti adalah penerapan metode pembelajaran Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC) pada kelas IV SDN 22 Mataram tahun ajaran 2020/2021. Adapun masalah yang ingin dikaji penulis dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimanakah peningkatan aktivitas siswa melalui penerapan metode pembelajaran Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC) serta bagaimanakah peningkatan hasil belajar dalam menemukan kalimat utama melalui penerapan metode pembelajaran Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC) pada siswa kelas IV SDN 22 Mataram tahun ajaran 2020/2021? Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian tindakan kelas (Action Research).Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode observasi, tes dan dokumentasi. Sementara itu metode yang digunakan untuk mengolah data aktivitas guru dan siswa serta hasil belajar siswa adalah menggunakan metode pendekatan kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkkan adanya peningkatan aktivitas siswa dalam pembelajaran melalui penerapan metode pembelajaran Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC) yaitu pada siklus I diperoleh kriteria aktivitas siswa “cukup aktif” kemudian meningkat pada siklus II menjadi “sangat aktif”. Sementara itu dari segi hasil belajar siswa juga menunjukkan peningkatan pada setiap siklus, pada siklus I hanya 52,77% siswa yang mencapai KKM kemudian meningkat pada siklus II menjadi 91,89% siswa yang mencapai KKM yang ditetapkan sekolah. Sehingga dapat ditelaah bahwa terjadi peningkatan hasil belajar siswa dari siklus I ke siklus II sebesar 39,12%, ini menandakan bahwa penggunaaan metode pembelajaran Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC) berhasil meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa dalam menemukan kalimat utama pada siswa kelas IV SDN 22 Mataram tahun ajaran 2020/2021.