bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Otitis externa: what is the problem with getting it right? A mixed-methods study in primary and secondary care
Authors: Mohammed H , Mather M W , Lumb J , Butler C C , Wilson J A 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveOtitis externa accounts for 1.1–1.3 per cent of patient presentations in primary care and 25 per cent of urgent referrals to ENT. This study aimed to explore otitis externa clinical decision-making at the primary-secondary care interface, otitis externa prevalence and recent trends in antimicrobial resistance in otitis externa related bacterial isolates and ototopical prescribing.MethodThis is a mixed-methods study drawing on data from primary and secondary care and open National Health Service sources.ResultsA total of 101 general practitioner survey respondents reported frequently prescribing oral antibiotics for otitis externa. General practitioner consultations for otitis externa increased 25 per cent over 15 years. General practitioner ototopical preparations cost the National Health Service £7 410 440 in 2006 and £11 325 241 in 2016. A total of 162 consecutive hospital otitis externa-related bacterial isolates yielded 128 pseudomonas species, with 18 that were resistant to gentamicin and 7 that were resistant to ciprofloxacin. Ten guidelines reviewed showed systematic inconsistencies.ConclusionGeneral practitioners reported regularly prescribing oral antibiotics for otitis externa. Antimicrobial drug resistance is common in otitis externa. The available guidance is suboptimal.
Hot saline irrigation for haemostasis in functional endoscopic sinus surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ranford D , Fu B , Surda P , Rudd J 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of existing evidence on the role of hot saline irrigation in patients undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery and its impact on the visibility of the surgical field.MethodA search of PubMed, Cochrane, Ovid databases and Google Scholar was performed.ResultsThree randomised controlled trials were included. Pooled meta-analysis demonstrated a statistically significant better visibility of the surgical field, and a reduction in total blood loss and operating time during functional endoscopic sinus surgery in the hot saline irrigation group compared with the room temperature irrigation group. Subgroup analysis of studies that did not use vasoconstrictors showed a significant reduction in total blood loss and operating time.ConclusionThis is the first systematic review that addresses hot saline irrigation for haemostasis in functional endoscopic sinus surgery. The results suggest that hot saline irrigation in functional endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis may significantly improve visibility of the surgical field, reduce total blood loss by 20 per cent and decrease operating time by 9 minutes. However, there are limitations of the study because of the significant heterogeneity of the methods, quality and size of the studies.
An observer-based output tracking controller for electrically driven cooperative multiple manipulators with adaptive Bernstein-type approximator
Authors: Izadbakhsh Alireza 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThisarticle presents an observer-based output tracking control method for electrically actuated cooperative multiple manipulators using Bernstein-type operators as a universal approximator. This efficient mathematical tool represents lumped uncertainty, including external perturbations and unmodeled dynamics. Then, adaptive laws are derived through the stability analysis to tune the polynomial coefficients. It is confirmed that all the position and force tracking errors are uniformly ultimately bounded using the Lyapunov stability theorem. The theoretical achievements are validated by applying the proposed observer-based controller to a cooperative robotic system comprised of two manipulators transporting a rigid object. The outcomes of the introduced method are also compared to RBFNN, which is a powerful state-of-the-art approximator. The results demonstrate the efficacy of the introduced adaptive control approach in controlling the system even in the presence of disturbances and uncertainties.
Wing shape differences along a migration route of the long-distance migrant Globe Skimmer DragonflyPantala flavescens
Authors: Johansson Frank , Kollberg Hedström Tobias , Anderson R. Charles , Divakaran Prathapan K. , Kakkassery Francy K. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAnimals which migrate by flying should be subject to selection for optimal wing characteristics that maximize energy efficiency during migration. We investigated wing shape and wing area variation in the Globe Skimmer DragonflyPantala flavescens, which has the longest known migration of any insect. Wing shape and wing area differences between individuals in southern Peninsular India, and migrating individuals at a stop-over site on the Maldives, were compared. Results suggest that individuals which successfully reached the Maldives, on their way from India to Africa, had a broader wing base and an overall more slender wing shape than individuals in southern India. Contrary to our expectations, wing area did not differ significantly in most of our comparisons between southern India and the Maldives, suggesting that wing shape is more important than wing area for successful migration inP. flavescens. The results provide indirect evidence of natural selection on wing shape in a migrating dragonfly.
Decoding Political Trust in China: A Machine Learning Analysis
Authors: Li Lianjiang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSurvey results inflate political trust in China if the observed trust in the central government is mistaken for the latent trust in the Centre. The target of trust in the country is the Centre, which is ultimately the top leader. The critical issue domain for assessing the Centre's trustworthiness is policy implementation rather than policymaking. The Centre's trustworthiness has two dimensions: commitment to good governance and the capacity to discipline local officials. Observed trust in the central government indicates trust in the Centre's commitment, while observed trust in the local government reflects confidence in the Centre's capacity. A machine learning analysis of a national survey reveals how much conventional reading overestimates political trust. At first glance, 85 per cent of the respondents trust the central government. Upon further inspection, 18 per cent have total trust in the Centre, 34 per cent have partial trust and 33 per cent are sceptical.
Functional properties of edible insects: a systematic review
Authors: D’Antonio V. , Battista N. , Sacchetti G. , Di Mattia C. , Serafini M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractConsumption of edible insects has been widely suggested as an environmentally sustainable substitute for meat to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. However, the novel research field for edible insects relies on the content of bioactive ingredients and on the ability to induce a functional effect in humans. The goal of this manuscript is to review the available body of evidence on the properties of edible insects in modulating oxidative and inflammatory stress, platelet aggregation, lipid and glucose metabolism and weight control. A search for literature investigating the functional role of edible insects was carried out in the PubMed database using specific keywords. A total of 55 studies, meeting inclusion criteria after screening, were divided on the basis of the experimental approach: in vitro studies, cellular models/ex vivo studies or in vivo studies. In the majority of the studies, insects demonstrated the ability to reduce oxidative stress, modulate antioxidant status, restore the impaired activity of antioxidant enzymes and reduce markers of oxidative damage. Edible insects displayed anti-inflammatory activity reducing cytokines and modulating specific transcription factors. Results from animal studies suggest that edible insects can modulate lipid and glucose metabolism. The limited number of studies focused on the assessment of anti-coagulation activity of edible insects makes it difficult to draw conclusions. More evidence from dietary intervention studies in humans is needed to support the promising evidence from in vitro and animal models about the functional role of edible insect consumption.
Longest segment of balanced parentheses: an exercise in program inversion in a segment problem
Authors: MU SHIN-CHENG , CHIANG TSUNG-JU 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Given a string of parentheses, the task is to find the longest consecutive segment that is balanced, in linear time. We find this problem interesting because it involves a combination of techniques: the usual approach for solving segment problems and a theorem for constructing the inverse of a function—through which we derive an instance of shift-reduce parsing.
Transcatheter versus surgical closure of atrial septal defects: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical outcomes
Authors: Chambault Aimee-Louise , Olsen Kathryn , Brown Louise J. , Mellor Sophie L. , Sorathia Nilofer , Thomas Arthur E. , Kothari Neel , Harky Amer 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackground:Atrial septal defects are a common form of CHD and dependent on the size and nature of atrial septal defects, closure may be warranted. The paper aims to compare outcomes of transcatheter versus surgical repair of atrial septal defects.Methods:A comprehensive electronic literature search was conducted. Primary studies were included if they compared both closure techniques. Primary outcomes included procedural success, mortality, and reintervention rate. Secondary outcomes included residual defect and mean hospital stay.Results:A total of 33 studies were included in meta-analysis. Mean total hospital stay was significantly shorter in the transcatheter cohort across both the adult (95% confidence interval, mean difference −4.05 (−4.78, −3.32) p < 0.00001) and paediatric populations (95% confidence interval, mean difference −4.78 (−5.97, −3.60) p < 0.00001). There were significantly fewer complications in the transcatheter group across both the adult (odds ratio 0.45, 95% confidence interval, [0.28, 0.72], p < 0.00001) and paediatric cohorts (odds ratio 0.26, 95% confidence interval, [0.14, 0.49], p < 0.00001). No significant difference in overall mortality was found between transcatheter versus surgical closure across the two groups, adult (odds ratio 0.76, 95% confidence interval, [0.40, 1.45], p = 0.41), paediatrics (odds ratio 0.62, 95% confidence interval, [0.21, 1.83], p = 0.39).Conclusion:Both transcatheter and surgical approaches are safe and effective techniques for atrial septal defect closure. Our study has demonstrated the benefits of transcatheter closure in terms of lower complication rates and mean hospital stay. However, surgery still has a place for more complex closure and, as we have demonstrated, shows no difference in mortality.
Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy with dilated cardiomyopathy preceding skeletal muscle symptoms
Authors: Takamizawa Koichi , Kim Ki-Sung , Ueda Hideaki 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEmery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy is a slowly progressive skeletal muscle and joint disorder associated with cardiac complications. Dilated cardiomyopathy was the initial manifestation of Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy in an 8-year-old girl. Despite normal muscle and myocardial biopsies, genetic testing revealed LMNA mutations. As Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy is associated with minimal skeletal muscle weakness, cardiac complications can facilitate its diagnosis.
Novel use of a mechanical suction thrombectomy system for interposition graft occlusion in complex congenital heart disease
Authors: Boyer Preston J. , Zampi Jeffrey D. , Salavitabar Arash 
Published: November 2021

AbstractComplete thrombosis of a pulmonary artery interposition graft in an adolescent with complex repaired CHD was treated successfully with a combination of a novel mechanical thrombectomy system, stent implantation, and thrombolysis. This thrombectomy system used a flexible catheter with a built-in mechanism to attenuate blood loss, while providing effective recanalisation of a foreign graft.
Electron Probe Microanalysis of Transition Metals using L lines: The Effect of Self-absorption
Authors: Llovet Xavier , Moy Aurélien , Fournelle John H. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractElectron microprobe-based quantitative compositional measurement of first-row transition metals using their L$\alpha$ X-ray lines is hampered by, among other effects, self-absorption. This effect, which occurs when a broad X-ray line is located close to a broad absorption edge, is not accounted for by matrix corrections. To assess the error due to neglecting self-absorption, we calculate the L$\alpha$ X-ray intensity emitted from metallic Fe, Ni, Cu, and Zn targets, assuming a Lorentzian profile for the X-ray line and taking into account the energy dependence of the mass absorption coefficient near the absorption edge. We find that calculated X-ray intensities depart increasingly, for increasing electron beam energy, from those obtained assuming a narrow X-ray line and a single fixed absorption coefficient (conventional approach), with a maximum deviation of $\sim$15% for Ni and of $\sim$10% for Fe. In contrast, X-ray intensities calculated for metallic Zn and Cu do not differ significantly from those obtained using the conventional approach. The implications of these results for the analysis of transition-metal compounds by electron probe microanalysis as well as strategies to account for self-absorption effects are discussed.
Infinite length slotted ultra-wideband monopole antenna using step-feed with band notch characteristics
Authors: Ahuja Neha , Khanna Rajesh , Kaur Jaswinder 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this work, a printed ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna has been proposed exhibiting band notch characteristics. The proposed design covers the entire UWB band except for the 3.5 GHz band providing the band notch for the WiMAX band. This design consists of two-quarter elliptical patches placed symmetrically over the FR4 substrate. The elliptical shape of the patch is responsible for the UWB band achieved. The slot has been created on the optimized patch area to achieve the desired characteristics providing a notch for the WiMAX band. The slot in the patch is so perfectly designed that it gives the patch a perfect shape of butterfly wings. After designing, the proposed antenna was simulated and then fabricated. The fabricated and simulated results are in close agreement with each other which shows, the proposed UWB antenna is good enough for biomedical applications.
Observed Relationships Between Cloud Droplet Effective Radius and Biogenic Gas Concentrations in Summertime Marine Stratocumulus Over the Eastern North Atlantic
Authors: Miller Mark A. , Mages Zackary , Zheng Qiuxuan , Trabachino Lynne , Russell Lynn M. , Shilling John E. , Zawadowicz Maria A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBiogenic gases are a prominent component of the summertime marine boundary layer (MBL) over the Eastern North Atlantic. One of these gases, dimethyl sulfide (DMS), can produce sulfate cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) that, in theory, can brighten clouds through photolysis, and produces a reaction product, methane sulfonic acid (MSA). It is also possible that DMS can interact with sea‐salt or other marine aerosols changing their CCN activation spectrum, which could also modify cloud microphysical structure. Data collected aboard the G1 aircraft during the Aerosol Cloud Experiment Eastern North Atlantic (ACE‐ENA) in well‐mixed and decoupled marine boundary layers (MBLs) were used to examine relationships between the cloud droplet effective radii, , and the concentrations of DMS and MSA in constant cloud liquid water content (LWC) bins. A weak but statistically significant negative correlation was observed between CCN concentration and in most LWC bins, regardless of the source of the CCN, while a weak but statistically significant positive correlation between and DMS was observed. No correlation between the cloud droplet number concentration and DMS was found. The presence of MSA indicated that DMS‐to‐sulfate photolysis was likely occurring, but data sparsity prevented a statistically significant conclusion regarding the relationship between MSA and . Data sparsity in decoupled conditions also prevented statistically significant conclusions. To properly address biogenic gas impacts on cloud microphysics, it is recommended that aircraft data be supplemented by long‐term biogenic gas measurements at the surface in marine locations with appropriate remote and in‐situ cloud sensing capabilities, and the analysis limited to well‐mixed MBL's.
Neutral Densities in the Outer Exosphere Near the Subsolar Magnetopause
Authors: Sibeck D. G. , Collier M. R. , Silveira M. V. D. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn a seminal analysis, Fuselier et al. (2020) combined subsolar in situ magnetosheath plasma observations with remote energetic neutral atom (ENA) observations to derive an exospheric neutral density of 11 cm−3 in the vicinity of the subsolar magnetopause. This commentary extends the analysis of Fuselier et al. (2020) to (a) employ predicted and observed magnetosheath plasma parameters at times other than those immediately following an MMS magnetopause crossing, (b) take into account the component of the plasma bulk flow transverse to the ENA spacecraft's line‐of‐sight through the flank magnetosheath, and (c) consider the cooling that results from the antisunward expansion of the magnetosheath plasma. With these additional considerations, subsolar exospheric neutral densities rise by a factor of 4.1–4.5 to 45–50 cm−3, consistent with results from previous studies.
Helheim Glacier Poised for Dramatic Retreat
Authors: Williams Joshua J. , Gourmelen Noel , Nienow Peter , Bunce Charlie , Slater Donald 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHelheim Glacier, one of the largest marine‐terminating outlet glaciers draining the Greenland Ice Sheet, underwent significant retreat and acceleration in the early 2000s, accounting for an appreciable proportion of the ice sheet's mass loss during that period. Using a range of remotely sensed datasets, we show that despite a subsequent readvance, the glacier has continued to lose mass and thin, and has retreated inland of the retracted position occupied in 2005. Critically, the near‐terminus is up to 100 m thinner than during 2005, and the front 5 km is within 25–50 m of flotation, with retrograde bed slopes extending several kilometers inland of the terminus. The neighboring Fenris and Midgard Glaciers have both undergone recent large‐scale and rapid retreat once their near‐terminus regions began to float, suggesting that under projected climate warming and associated glacier thinning, Helheim Glacier is poised to pass a threshold whereby the near‐terminus region will retreat rapidly.
Titan's Global Radiant Energy Budget During the Cassini Epoch (2004–2017)
Authors: Creecy Ellen C. , Li Liming , Jiang Xun , West Robert A. , Fry Patrick M. , Nixon Conor A. , Kenyon Matthew E. , Seignovert Benoît 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRadiant energies of planets and moons are of wide interest in the fields of geoscience and planetary science. Based on long‐term multiinstrument observations from the Cassini spacecraft, we provide here the first observational study of Titan's global radiant energy budget and its seasonal variations. Our results show that Titan's radiant energy budget is not balanced over the Cassini era (2004–2017) with the absorbed solar energy (1.208 ± 0.008) × 1023 J larger than the emitted thermal energy (1.174 ± 0.005) × 1023 J. The energy imbalance is 2.9 ± 0.8% of the emitted thermal energy. Titan's global radiant energy budget is not balanced either at the timescales of Earth's years and Titan's seasons. In particular, the energy imbalance can be beyond 10% of the emitted thermal energy at the timescale of an Earth year. The energy imbalance revealed in this study has important impacts on Titan, which should be examined further by theories and models.
The Effects of Eddy Size on the Sea Surface Heat Flux
Authors: Lin Yanjiang , Wang Guihua 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe effects of eddy size on the surface turbulent heat flux anomaly (THFA) are revealed from the analysis of satellite observations. As eddy size increases from 80 to 140 km, the coupling coefficient between the sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) and THFA increases from 35.2 to 41.5 in the Kuroshio Extension (KE). Because eddy size decreases from the equator to the polar, the coupling coefficient () also weakens poleward. Analysis shows that for same SSTA, a large warm (cold) eddy deepens (shallows) the atmosphere boundary layer height (ABLH) more than a small one. This change in ABLH will lead to an increased (decreased) sea surface wind speed anomaly, which amplifies the THFA further. Theoretical results also show that the is proportional to a quarter of the eddy size, , where is depending upon SSTA and the transfer coefficient for momentum ().
Multispacecraft Observation of the Presubstorm Long‐Lasting Poloidal ULF Wave
Authors: Rubtsov Aleksandr V. , Mikhailova Olga S. , Mager Pavel N. , Klimushkin Dmitri Yu. , Ren Jie , Zong Qiu‐Gang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe report global dayside observation of Pc4–5 wave at the late recovery phase of a magnetic storm from seven satellites. Oscillations lasted for 15 hr and revealed the wave appearance before the substorm onset. The continuous observation showed that substorm injections did not affect the wave behavior, and all the wave parameters change was caused by magnetospheric plasma recovery after a magnetic storm. The wave was identified as a second harmonic poloidal Alfvén wave propagating westward with a high azimuthal wave number (|m| ∼ 210) and coupled with 100 keV protons through the drift‐bounce resonance. A large radial gradient of phase space density was an energy source for the wave.
Characterizing Spatiotemporal Patterns of Terrestrial Water Storage Variations Using GNSS Vertical Data in Sichuan, China
Authors: Jiang Zhongshan , Hsu Ya‐Ju , Yuan Linguo , Yang Xinchun , Ding Yihang , Tang Miao , Chen Changfu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe invert daily GNSS vertical position time series for terrestrial water storage (TWS) changes and characterize their spatiotemporal patterns using various geodetic and hydrological data in Sichuan which features complex climatic and geographical conditions. Our inversion strategy depends on a variational Bayesian principal component analysis (VBPCA), which recovers the equivalent water height (EWH) changes using three principal components that explain 82% of the data variance. Various data sets from GNSS, GRACE, and GLDAS indicate an increasing seasonal water variability from northeast to southwest Sichuan. The GNSS modeling results reveal significant annual EWH amplitudes (up to 300 mm), which are largely underestimated in both GRACE‐EWH (∼120 mm) and GLDAS‐EWH (∼100 mm) products. The GNSS‐EWH also shows considerable seasonal changes in the high‐altitude plateau but subtle seasonal oscillations in the lowland basin, whereas this sharp contrast is invisible in GRACE‐ and GLDAS‐EWH primarily due to coarse spatial resolution. The GNSS inferred water products are used to determine the scaling factor for GRACE, with a value of 2.1 in Sichuan. The regional average precipitation peaks in July, about 1–2 months ahead of the maximum of monthly water heights. A bimodal feature in daily precipitation data is most notable in the low‐elevation Sichuan Basin and results in two peaks in daily GNSS‐EWH time series. Our results demonstrate that GNSS can serve as an independent tool for measuring water storage with high spatiotemporal resolution and provides additional constraints for understanding hydrological dynamics.