bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Efficient Design Procedure for MEMS Electrothermal Microgripper
Authors: Roy Ananya , Sarkar Rajasree , Banerjee Arunava , un Nabi Mashuq 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
With the development of miniaturization technology, micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) electrothermal microgrippers have been widely used owing to their compact size, ease of manufacturing, and low production cost. Since most of these systems are governed by partial differential equations (PDEs), modeling of microgrippers poses a significant challenge for designers. To reduce the overall computational complexity, it is a common practice to model the microgripper system using the finite element method (FEM). During the design process, the geometric and analytical properties of the microgripper influence the system dynamics to a great extent, and this work focuses on studying the effects of such parameter changes. In low-voltage applications, the performance of the microgripper is influenced by the geometrical variations, and the air gap. Hence, for the modeling of the microgripper, actuator arm lengths, and the gap between the arms are chosen as the two main geometric design parameters, while the input current density is considered as the analytical design parameter. In this work, the optimized design parameter values for maximum possible displacement are obtained with the use of sine cosine algorithm (SCA). Furthermore, an averaging operation is proposed for efficiently designing the MEMS electrothermal microgripper, and the efficacy of the proposed design methodology is demonstrated through simulation studies.
Autoignition of Reacting Hydrocarbon Mixture With Negative Temperature Coefficient Due to the Cold-Spot and Cold Chamber Wall
Authors: Samimi-Abianeh O. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAutoignition of an n-heptane/air mixture was simulated in nonuniform temperature environments of a rapid compression machine (RCM) and shock-tube (ST) with and without the presence of a cold-spot. The simulations were performed to investigate how the presence of a cold-spot and the cold boundary layer of the chamber wall may affect the ignition delay of the hydrocarbon mixture with negative temperature coefficient (NTC) behavior. The simulations were performed using three models: (1) three-dimensional (3D) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model, (2) zero-dimensional (0D) homogenous batch reactor model by including the heat transfer model, and (3) 0D adiabatic homogenous batch reactor model. A detailed n-heptane mechanism was reduced in this work and used for 3D combustion modeling. A cold-spot critical radius of 7 mm was determined, which affects the ignition delay by more than 9%. In addition, two combustion modes were observed in the combustion chamber with a nonuniform temperature environment. With the first combustion mode, combustion starts at the high gas temperature region of the combustion chamber and quickly propagates toward the periphery of the chamber. In this combustion mode, the location of the maximum concentration of hydroxyl radical and the maximum temperature are the same. With the second combustion mode, the combustion starts at the periphery of the chamber, where the temperature is lower than the center of the chamber due to heat transfer to the cold chamber wall. The location of maximum concentration of the hydroxyl radical and maximum temperature is different with this combustion mode. The two observed combustion modes are due to the NTC behavior of the n-heptane mixture. The 0D homogenous batch reactor model (with and without heat transfer models) failed to mimic the ignition delay accurately when the second combustion mode was present. In addition, a propagating combustion has been observed in the simulation which is in agreement with some of the optical autoignition diagnostics of these hydrocarbons. This propagating combustion leads to a gradual pressure rise during autoignition, rather than a sharp pressure rise. The results of this work show that 0D homogenous batch reactor models are unable to simulate autoignition of mixtures with NTC behavior.
Component-Based Modeling and Simulation of Nonlinear Drill-String Dynamics
Authors: Tengesdal Njål Kjærnes , Holden Christian , Pedersen Eilif 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this article, we present a dynamic model for a generic drill-string. The model is developed with the intention for component-based simulation with coupling to external subsystems. The performance of the drill-string is vital in terms of efficient wellbore excavation for increased hydrocarbon extraction. Drill-string vibrations limit the performance of rotary drilling; the phenomenon is well known and still a subject of interest in academia and in industry. In this study, we have developed a nonlinear flexible drill-string model based on Lagrangian dynamics to simulate the performance during vibrations. The model incorporates dynamics governed by lateral bending, longitudinal motion, and torsional deformation. The elastic property of the string is modeled by the assumed mode method, representing the elastic deformation, with a finite set of modal coordinates. By developing a bond graph model from the equations of motion, we can ensure correct causality of the model toward interacting subsystems. The model is analyzed through extensive simulations in case studies, comparing the qualitative behavior of the model with state-of-the art models. The flexible drill-string model presented in this article can aid in developing system simulation case studies and parameter identification for offshore drilling operations.
Lubrication Effect of the Nozzle Layout for Arc Tooth Cylindrical Gears
Authors: Mo Shuai , Zhou Changpeng , Dang Heyu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In order to study the influence of fuel injection nozzle arrangement on the lubrication effect of arc tooth cylindrical gear, a model of fuel injection lubrication was established, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software was used for simulation calculation. The focus on the influence of gear parameters, oil jet conditions, and nozzle layout on gear lubrication performance is studied. The results show that reducing the oil jet distance not only improves the lubrication performance of the gear but also reduces the offset of the oil jet streamline. The reasonable nozzle layout is the premise of ensuring better lubrication conditions, and the best nozzle layout scheme is obtained through data comparison analysis. The lubrication effect decreases when the nozzle angle is offset. The lubrication effect does not change when the nozzle is horizontally offset by a distance of 0.5 module in the direction of the pinion, and the lubrication performance is degraded when the distance exceeds 0.5 module. Finally, the influence of nozzle diameter on lubrication is analyzed, the lubrication effect is directly proportional to the nozzle diameter.
Sliding Behavior of Silica Ball–Shale Rock Contact Under Polyacrylamide Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Zhang Huijie , Liu Shuhai 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The tribological properties of proppant particle sliding on shale rock determine the shale gas production. This work focuses on investigating the impacts of sliding speed on the coefficient of friction (COF) and wear of the silica ball–shale rock contact, which was lubricated by water or different types of polyacrylamide (PAM) aqueous or brine solution. The experimental results show that both boundary and mixed lubrication occur under specific speed and normal load. COF and wear depth of shale rock under water are higher than those under PAM solution due to superior lubrication of PAM. COF of shale rock under PAM brine solution increases and the wear of the rock is more serious, attributed to the corrosion of shale rock and adverse effect on lubrication of PAM by brine.
Quenching Vibration on a Harmonically Excited Symmetric Laminated Composite Plate
Authors: Chen Jiawang , Cha Philip D. , Shen Yichang , Zhou Xiang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a simple and efficient method is developed to quench the steady-state vibration of a harmonically excited, damped and symmetric laminated composite rectangular plate. This is achieved by enforcing points of zero displacement, or nodes, at some specified locations on the laminated composite plate using properly tuned damped oscillators. Using the assumed-modes method, the governing equations of the laminated composite plate carrying the damped oscillators are first formulated. A set of constraint equations is established by enforcing nodes at user-specified locations on the plate. Two attachment scenarios are considered: when the attachment and node locations coincide and when they are distinct. Numerical experiments show that for both cases, the damped oscillator parameters can be readily determined and the desired node locations can be successfully imposed. More importantly, enforcing nodes can suppress vibration in the vicinity of the node locations, thereby keeping that region of the laminated composite plate nearly stationary.
Gluteal Activity During Gait in Patients With Chronic Ankle Instability Following Rehabilitation: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: DeJong Lempke Alexandra F. , Koldenhoven Rachel M. , Jaffri Abbis H. , Hertel Jay 
Published: October 2021

Context:Ankle positioning gait biofeedback (GBF) has improved ankle inversion for patients with chronic ankle instability. However, the effects on proximal deficits remain unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of impairment-based rehabilitation with GBF and without biofeedback on gluteal activity during walking in patients with chronic ankle instability.Design:Randomized controlled trial.Methods:Eighteen patients with chronic ankle instability (14 women and 4 men; age 22 [4] y; height 171 [10] cm; mass 71.6 [13.8] kg) were recruited from a university setting, following International Ankle Consortium guidelines. Patients were randomly allocated to GBF or without biofeedback groups (N = 9 per group). Both groups performed 4 weeks of exercises and treadmill walking. The GBF group alone received feedback on frontal ankle positioning at initial contact during walking. Ultrasound videos of the gluteus maximus and medius were recorded during walking at baseline and follow-up by a blinded clinician. Gluteal activity ratios were obtained at each 10% of the gait cycle. Statistical parametric mapping repeated-measures analysis of variance were used to compare groups and time points.Results:Both groups demonstrated significantly increased gluteus medius activity across the gait cycle compared with baseline (P < .01, mean differences: 0.13–0.21, Hedgeg: 0.97–1.89); however, there were no significant between-group differences. There were no statistically significant changes noted for the gluteus maximus. No adverse events were observed.Conclusions:Impairment-based rehabilitation led to increased gluteus medius activity, but GBF did not provide any additional improvement to this parameter. Clinicians may consider implementing impairment-based strengthening interventions to improve gluteus medius function during gait for patients with CAI.
Pulse oximetry and supplemental oxygen use in nationwide Veterans Health Administration hospitals, 2013–2017: a Veterans Affairs Patient Database validation study
Authors: Wang Xiao Qing , Iwashyna Theodore , Prescott Hallie , Valbuena Valeria , Seelye Sarah 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveExtraction and standardisation of pulse oximetry and supplemental oxygen data from electronic health records has the potential to improve risk-adjustment, quality assessment and prognostication. We develop an approach to standardisation and report on its use for benchmarking purposes.Materials and methodsUsing electronic health record data from the nationwide Veteran’s Affairs healthcare system (2013–2017), we extracted, standardised and validated pulse oximetry and supplemental oxygen data for 2 765 446 hospitalisations in the Veteran’s Affairs Patient Database (VAPD) cohort study. We assessed face, concurrent and predictive validities using the following approaches, respectively: (1) evaluating the stability of patients’ pulse oximetry values during a 24-hour period, (2) testing for greater amounts of supplemental oxygen use in patients likely to need oxygen therapy and (3) examining the association between supplemental oxygen and subsequent mortality.ResultsWe found that 2 700 922 (98%) hospitalisations had at least one pulse oximetry reading, and 864 605 (31%) hospitalisations received oxygen therapy. Patients monitored by pulse oximetry had a reading on average every 6 hours (median 4; IQR 3–7). Patients on supplemental oxygen were older, white and male compared with patients not receiving oxygen therapy (p<0.001) and were more likely to have diagnoses of heart failure and chronic pulmonary diseases (p<0.001). The amount of supplemental oxygen for patients with at least three consecutive values recorded during a 24-hour period fluctuated by median 2 L/min (IQR: 2–3), and 81% of such triplets showed the same level of oxygen receipt.ConclusionOur approach to standardising pulse oximetry and supplemental oxygen data shows face, concurrent and predictive validities as the following: supplemental oxygen clusters in the range consistent with hospital wall-dispensed oxygen supplies (face validity); there are greater amounts of supplemental oxygen for certain clinical conditions (concurrent validity) and there is an association of supplemental oxygen with in-hospital and postdischarge mortality (predictive validity).
PD-L1 quantification across tumor types using the reverse phase protein microarray: implications for precision medicine
Authors: Baldelli Elisa , Hodge K Alex , Bellezza Guido , Shah Neil J , Gambara Guido , Sidoni Angelo , Mandarano Martina , Ruhunusiri Chamodya , Dunetz Bryant , Abu-Khalaf Maysa , Wulfkuhle Julia , Gallagher Rosa I , Liotta Lance , de Bono Johann , Mehra Niven , Riisnaes Ruth , Ravaggi Antonella , Odicino Franco , Sereni Maria Isabella , Blackburn Matthew , Zupa Angela , Improta Giuseppina , Demsko Perry , Crino' Lucio , Ludovini Vienna , Giaccone Giuseppe , Petricoin Emanuel F , Pierobon Mariaelena 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundAnti-programmed cell death protein 1 and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) agents are broadly used in first-line and second-line treatment across different tumor types. While immunohistochemistry-based assays are routinely used to assess PD-L1 expression, their clinical utility remains controversial due to the partial predictive value and lack of standardized cut-offs across antibody clones. Using a high throughput immunoassay, the reverse phase protein microarray (RPPA), coupled with a fluorescence-based detection system, this study compared the performance of six anti-PD-L1 antibody clones on 666 tumor samples.MethodsPD-L1 expression was measured using five antibody clones (22C3, 28–8, CAL10, E1L3N and SP142) and the therapeutic antibody atezolizumab on 222 lung, 71 ovarian, 52 prostate and 267 breast cancers, and 54 metastatic lesions. To capture clinically relevant variables, our cohort included frozen and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples, surgical specimens and core needle biopsies. Pure tumor epithelia were isolated using laser capture microdissection from 602 samples. Correlation coefficients were calculated to assess concordance between antibody clones. For two independent cohorts of patients with lung cancer treated with nivolumab, RPPA-based PD-L1 measurements were examined along with response to treatment.ResultsMedian-center PD-L1 dynamic ranged from 0.01 to 39.37 across antibody clones. Correlation coefficients between the six antibody clones were heterogeneous (range: −0.48 to 0.95) and below 0.50 in 61% of the comparisons. In nivolumab-treated patients, RPPA-based measurement identified a subgroup of tumors, where low PD-L1 expression equated to lack of response.ConclusionsContinuous RPPA-based measurements capture a broad dynamic range of PD-L1 expression in human specimens and heterogeneous concordance levels between antibody clones. This high throughput immunoassay can potentially identify subgroups of tumors in which low expression of PD-L1 equates to lack of response to treatment.
Apparent and standardized digestibility in broilers fed flaxseed meal with multi-carbohydrase and phytase at 35 days of age
Authors: Araujo Robert Guaracy Aparecido Cardoso , Gallardo Vela Connie , Roberto Sartori José , da Trindade Neto Messias Alves 
Published: October 2021

The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD; trial 1) and the apparent (AID) and standardized (SID) ileal digestibility of the amino acids (AA) (trial 2) in flaxseed meal (FM) were evaluated with the addition of exogenous multi-carbohydrase (MC) and phytase (Phy). A total of 80 28-d-old broilers were allotted in a completely randomized design to receive treatments up to 35 d of age. A 2 × 2 factorial design is used to determine the enzyme effects, on the ATTD of dry matter, nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus and fiber, energy use, and the AID and SID of AA, in five replicate cages. There was synergism between MC and Phy on the ATTD of nitrogen and energy. The isolated inclusion of MC or Phy increased the ATTD of dry matter, calcium, phosphorus and fiber of FM. The enzyme inclusion on the AID and SID of AA in FM, established by comparing the means, suggested a better response to the addition of MC + Phy. Supplementation with Phy or combination of MC and Phy was a viable alternative to increase the ATTD of nutrients and energy. The combination of MC + Phy resulted in higher apparent and standardized digestibility of AA from FM.
The Mutational Signature Comprehensive Analysis Toolkit (musicatk) for the Discovery, Prediction, and Exploration of Mutational Signatures
Authors: Chevalier Aaron , Yang Shiyi , Khurshid Zainab , Sahelijo Nathan , Tong Tong , Huggins Jonathan H. , Yajima Masanao , Campbell Joshua D. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMutational signatures are patterns of somatic alterations in the genome caused by carcinogenic exposures or aberrant cellular processes. To provide a comprehensive workflow for preprocessing, analysis, and visualization of mutational signatures, we created the Mutational Signature Comprehensive Analysis Toolkit (musicatk) package. musicatk enables users to select different schemas for counting mutation types and to easily combine count tables from different schemas. Multiple distinct methods are available to deconvolute signatures and exposures or to predict exposures in individual samples given a pre-existing set of signatures. Additional exploratory features include the ability to compare signatures to the Catalogue Of Somatic Mutations In Cancer (COSMIC) database, embed tumors in two dimensions with uniform manifold approximation and projection, cluster tumors into subgroups based on exposure frequencies, identify differentially active exposures between tumor subgroups, and plot exposure distributions across user-defined annotations such as tumor type. Overall, musicatk will enable users to gain novel insights into the patterns of mutational signatures observed in cancer cohorts.Significance:The musicatk package empowers researchers to characterize mutational signatures and tumor heterogeneity with a comprehensive set of preprocessing utilities, discovery and prediction tools, and multiple functions for downstream analysis and visualization.
Novel Oncogenic Transcription Factor Cooperation in RB-Deficient Cancer
Authors: Mandigo Amy C. , Shafi Ayesha A. , McCann Jennifer J. , Yuan Wei , Laufer Talya S. , Bogdan Denisa , Gallagher Lewis , Dylgjeri Emanuela , Semenova Galina , Vasilevskaya Irina A. , Schiewer Matthew J. , McNair Chris M. , de Bono Johann S. , Knudsen Karen E. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe retinoblastoma tumor suppressor (RB) is a critical regulator of E2F-dependent transcription, controlling a multitude of protumorigenic networks including but not limited to cell-cycle control. Here, genome-wide assessment of E2F1 function after RB loss in isogenic models of prostate cancer revealed unexpected repositioning and cooperation with oncogenic transcription factors, including the major driver of disease progression, the androgen receptor (AR). Further investigation revealed that observed AR/E2F1 cooperation elicited novel transcriptional networks that promote cancer phenotypes, especially as related to evasion of cell death. These observations were reflected in assessment of human disease, indicating the clinical relevance of the AR/E2F1 cooperome in prostate cancer. Together, these studies reveal new mechanisms by which RB loss induces cancer progression and highlight the importance of understanding the targets of E2F1 function.Significance:This study identifies that RB loss in prostate cancer drives cooperation between AR and E2F1 as coregulators of transcription, which is linked to the progression of advanced disease.
A Benzenesulfonamide-Based Mitochondrial Uncoupler Induces Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Immunogenic Cell Death in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Bi Fangfang , Jiang Ziyan , Park Wonmin , Hartwich Tobias M.P. , Ge Zhiping , Chong Kay Y. , Yang Kevin , Morrison Madeline J. , Kim Dongin , Kim Jaeyeon , Zhang Wen , Kril Liliia M. , Watt David S. , Liu Chunming , Yang-Hartwich Yang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the leading cause of death from gynecologic malignancies and requires new therapeutic strategies to improve clinical outcomes. EOC metastasizes in the abdominal cavity through dissemination in the peritoneal fluid and ascites, efficiently adapt to the nutrient-deprived microenvironment, and resist current chemotherapeutic agents. Accumulating evidence suggests that mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is critical for the adaptation of EOC cells to this otherwise hostile microenvironment. Although chemical mitochondrial uncouplers can impair mitochondrial functions and thereby target multiple, essential pathways for cancer cell proliferation, traditional mitochondria uncouplers often cause toxicity that precludes their clinical application. In this study, we demonstrated that a mitochondrial uncoupler, specifically 2,5-dichloro-N-(4-nitronaphthalen-1-yl)benzenesulfonamide, hereinafter named Y3, was an antineoplastic agent in ovarian cancer models. Y3 treatment activated AMP-activated protein kinase and resulted in the activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress sensors as well as growth inhibition and apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells in vitro. Y3 was well tolerated in vivo and effectively suppressed tumor progression in three mouse models of EOC, and Y3 also induced immunogenic cell death of cancer cells that involved the release of damage-associated molecular patterns and the activation of antitumor adaptive immune responses. These findings suggest that mitochondrial uncouplers hold promise in developing new anticancer therapies that delay tumor progression and protect patients with ovarian cancer against relapse.