bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intranasal Delivery of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Exosomes Modulates the Immune Response of Allergic Rhinitis via the MAPK Pathway in a Mouse Model
Authors: Yu Chenjie , Chen Yin , Xu Xinyun , Dou Xin , Liu Shuo , Wang Handong , Wei Xianmei , Xu Zhengrong , Wang Bin , Cui Xinyan , Gao Xia 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BackgroundAllergic rhinitis (AR) is a non-infectious chronic inflammatory disease of the nasal mucosa, which is mainly mediated by IgE after the body is exposed to allergens. It has been shown that transplantation of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into AR animal models can improve the AR behavioral phenotype. Furthermore, there are recent studies that states exosomes are the main mediators of MSC therapy. However, the effect of exosomes on AR has not been investigated.MethodsIn the established AR mouse model, different concentrations of MSC-derived exosomes (MSCs-Exo) were applied via intranasal delivery. The AR symptom scores, the eosinophils in the nasal mucosal section, the inflammation infiltration in the spleen section, and IgE, ovalbumin-specific IgE (OVA-sIgE), histamine, IgG1, IgG2a and other Th1/Th2 related inflammatory factors were evaluated by Hematoxylin–eosin staining, Elisa, real-time PCR.ResultsWe found that intranasal administration of MSCs-Exo could not only reduce the behavior of nasal scratching and sneezing in mice, but also cause a decline in related immune indicators via the MAPK pathway, including the spleen index, tissue staining, and the expression of inflammation-related cytokines. Moreover, we found that the optimal concentration of MSCs-Exo was 4×108/mL. ConclusionThe significant beneficial effects of exosomes may be exploited to develop a new, non-invasive treatment strategy for AR.
Sparganum in the Lumbosacral Canal: a Case Report
Authors: Fan Jian Feng , Huang Sheng , Li Jing , Peng Ren-Jun , Huang He , Ding Xi-Ping , Jiang Li-Ping , Xi Jian 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Sparganosis is a rare parasitic infection caused by invasion of the larvae of tapeworms Spirometra mansoni called sparganum. It often lodges in human eyes, subcutaneous body of limbs, oral and maxillofacial regions. However, lumbosacral spinal canal invasion is extremely rare and the diagnosis is very difficult. We herein report a case of spinal sparganosis.Case presentation: A 56-year-old man presented at the hospital after having experienced perianal pain for a week. MRI of the lumbosacral spine with gadolinium contrast study revealed an enhancing mass at the S1-S2 level that was clinically suggestive of a tumor. The patient underwent laminectomy from S1 to S2. We detected a live worm in inferior margin of L5 and spinal sparganosis was diagnosed by histological examination. He had a history of ingesting undercooked frog meat in his youth. Both in CSF and serum samples, we detected anti-sparganum antibodies. A dose of praziquantel, albendazole and dexamethasone was administered to the patient because we did not remove the parasitic mass completely.Conclusions: Sparganosis of the central nervous system is extremely rare, especially spinal sparganosis. The mainly treatments spinal sparganosis are surgical removal of the larva and administration of high-dose praziquantel, albendazole and dexamethasone.
Structural Modularization of Cu2Te Leading to High Thermoelectric Performance near the Mott-Ioffe-Regel Limit
Authors: Zhao Kunpeng , Zhu Chenxi , Zhu Min , Chen Hongyi , Lei Jindan , Ren Qingyong , Wei Tian-Ran , Qiu Pengfei , Xu Fangfang , Chen Lidong , He Jian , Shi Xun 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
To date, thermoelectric materials research stays focused on optimizing the material’s band edge details and disfavors low mobility. Here, we shifts the paradigm from the band edge to the mobility edge, exploring high thermoelectricity near the border of band conduction and hopping. Through co-alloying iodine and sulfur, we modularize the plain crystal structure of liquid-like thermoelectric material Cu2Te with mosaic nanodomains and the highly size mismatched S/Te sublattice that chemically quenches the Cu sublattice and drives the electronic states from itinerant to localized. A state-of-the-art figure of merit of 1.4 is obtained at 850 K for Cu2(S0.4I0.1Te0.5); and remarkably, it is achieved near the Mott-Ioffe-Regel limit unlike mainstream thermoelectric materials that are band conductors. Broadly, pairing structural modularization with the high performance near the Mott-Ioffe-Regel limit paves an important new path towards the rational design of high-performance thermoelectric materials. Thermoelectric (TE) material-based energy conversion technology has attracted increasing global attention in virtue of the technical merits such as no moving parts, no greenhouse emission, noiseless, friendliness for miniaturization, and reliability.1–4 Based on the Seebeck and Peltier effects, thermoelectricity enables a direct energy conversion between temperature difference and electricity.5, 6 The performance of a TE material is primarily gauged by the material’s figure of merit, zT = S2T/ρκ, where S is the Seebeck coefficient, T is the absolute temperature, ρ is the electrical resistivity, and κ is the total thermal conductivity (consisting of the lattice thermal conductivity κL and the electronic thermal conductivity κE).
Mapping the Purple Menace: Spatiotemporal Distribution of Purple Loosestrife (Lythrum Salicaria) Along Roadsides in Northern New York State
Authors: Rogers Jessica , Humagain Kamal , Pearson Adam 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria L.) is an invasive herbaceous plant, frequently found in wetlands and along roadsides throughout northern New York State. Its propensity to create monoculture stands in wetlands has resulted in intensive management in parts of its range, including central New York and Ontario and Quebec. The goal of this study was identifying the extent of infestations and to determine factors that promote the spread of purple loosestrife in order to determine best land use practices to reduce the spread of this highly invasive wetland plant." We attempted to answer several questions: What is the level of infestation along roadsides? Does mowing contribute to the spread? How do culverts under roadways influence the spread? Between mid-July and mid-August in 2017–2019, we mapped all infestations along 150 km (93 miles) of state highway north of the Adirondack Park and south of the St. Lawrence River using the Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI) Collector app. We mapped the size and locations of infestations, in addition to collecting information on the plants within 1 m, recording over 100 additional species. The results of our preliminary analysis revealed significant increase in the number of plants over the study time (P < 0.001), including several hundred more infestations than had previously been recorded. We did not find any evidence that mowing promotes the spread of loosestrife. There were many more individual infestations in ditches along highways, but much larger and denser infestations in wetlands (P = 0.003 in 2019). We observed that culverts, drainage conduits under roadways, frequently had purple loosestrife on both sides of the road. We also found that culverts appear to serve as corridors that promote the spread of purple loosestrife from one side of the road to the other. We recommend working with the local landowners and NYS Department of Transportation to contain the spread and continue to propagate and spread the biological control.
Behaviour-directed Interventions for Problematic Person Transfer Situations in Two Dementia Care Dyads: A Single-case Design Study
Authors: Lagerlund Hanna , Thunborg Charlotta , Sandborgh Maria 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background:Persons with dementia living in nursing homes need assistance with moving and transfers; however, caregivers assisting persons with dementia in their daily person transfers report strain-related and complicated transfer-related behavioural problems. The reciprocity of complex dyadic transfer-related behaviours is affected by environmental factors, the health status of the person with dementia and the caregiver’s skills and knowledge. The aim of this study was to explore tailored interventions guided by a functional behaviour analysis for problematic person transfer situations in two dementia care dyads.Methods:This study was a quasi-experimental single-case study with an A-B design. Tailored interventions were developed in a five-step model for functional behavioural analysis. The study was conducted in a dementia special care unit at a nursing home, and the inclusion criteria were caregivers’ experiences of physical strain and/or resistiveness to care, which led to complex transfer-related behaviour. Two care dyads were included. Transfer situations were video-recorded and evaluated with the Dyadic Interaction in Dementia Transfer Assessment Scale, Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia Scale, and Resistiveness to Care Scale for Dementia of the Alzheimer’s Type. The caregiver experience was evaluated with study-specific items addressing caregiver self-efficacy, catastrophizing thoughts, perceived control, and perceived physical strain. Scorings were graphically displayed. The graphs were inspected visually to identify changes in trend, level, latency, and variability. Nonoverlap of all pairs (NAP), including 90% confidence intervals (CIs), was calculated to complement the visual inspection.Results:Verbal and nonverbal discomfort decreased in care dyad 1, which mirrored the caregiver changes in adapting their actions to the needs of the person with dementia. High variability was seen in both the intervention and the baseline phases in care dyad 2. In both care dyads, caregiver transfer-related behaviour improved significantly.Conclusions:The results indicate that the transfer-related behaviours of the care dyad might be improved through a behaviour-directed intervention tailored to meet the care dyad´s needs. The study is a replication of a previous study in a new clinical setting, which in turn strengthens the generalizability for a functional behavioural analysis-guided intervention for problematic transfer situations in dementia care dyads.
Time Fractional Analysis of Channel Flow of Couple Stress Casson Fluid using Fick’s and Fourier’s Laws
Authors: Ahmad Shafiq , Haq Sami Ul , Ali Farhad , Khan Ilyas , Nisar Kottakkaran Sooppy 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This study aim to examine the channel flow of a couple stress Casson fluid. The flow is generated due to the motion of the plate at y = o, while the plate at y = d is at rest. This physical phenomenon is derived in terms of partial differential equations. The subjected governing PDE’s are non-dimensionalized with the help of dimensionless variables. The dimensionless classical model is generalized by transforming it to the time fractional model using Fick’s and Fourier’s Laws. The general fractional model is solved by applying the Laplace and Fourier integral transformation. Furthermore, the parametric influence of various physical parameters like Casson parameter, couple stress parameter, Grashof number, Schmidt number and Prandtl number on velocity, temperature, and concentration distributions is shown graphically and discussed. The heat transfer rate, skin friction, and Sherwood number are calculated and presented in tabular form. It is worth noting that the increasing values of the couple stress parameter λ deaccelerate the velocity of Couple stress Casson fluid.
Synthesis and characterization of Hydrogels based on Potato Starch/Poly(vinyl Alcohol)/N, N'-Methylenebisacrylamide
Authors: PINZON-MORENO DIEGO DAVID , Vicuña-Galindo Eder Clidio , Gonzáles-Fernández José Vulfrano , Soto-Gonzales José Luis , Carranza-Oropeza María Verónica 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Several hydrogels were synthesized by free-radical polymerization in an aqueous medium based on potato starch (PS), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), and N,N'-Methylenebisacrylamide (MBAm), being possible to study these hydrogels as a function of the proportion of components incorporated. In this way, the products generated from the synthesis were characterized by swelling and deswelling kinetics, the first swelling being verified with Schott and statistical models, allowing to contrast the proximity between the experimental and theoretical behavior. Additionally, spectroscopy (FTIR), morphological (SEM), and thermal (TGA and DSC) analysis allowing to know the intrinsic characteristics of the material, increasing in general terms the knowledge of this type of material. In this context, it was possible to verify the characteristics and effectiveness of the synthesis and crosslinking of the main components. The experimental results obtained show that the synthesized hydrogels present representative first swellings consistent with kinetic and statistical models; however, there are significant changes in the second swelling derived from polymer degradation that occurs during the same swelling/deswelling cycles processes.
Trends in Extreme Climate Indices in Cherrapunji for the period 1979 to 2020
Authors: Kalita Raju , Kalita Dipangkar , Saxena Atul 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We have used Mann-Kendall trend test and Sen’s slope estimator method to find out significant changes in extreme climate indices for daily temperature as well as precipitation over the period 1979 to 2020 in Cherrapunji. In the present study, a total of 24 precipitation and temperature based extreme climate indices were calculated using RClimDex v 1.9-3. Among 24 indices, 7 were derived from number of days above nn mm rainfall (Rnn) according to Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) convention and the rest were in accordance with the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices (ETCCDI). It was observed that, among all the indices, consecutive dry days (CDD), summer days (SU25) and very light rainfall (VLR) days increased significantly with 0.54, 1.58 and 0.14 days/year respectively, while only consecutive wet days (CWD) decreased significantly with 0.36 days/year. A slight negative trend was also observed in case of tropical nights (TR20) and among the other precipitation indices as well. Again, the indices associated with daily maximum temperature increased significantly with annual change of 0.06 to 0.07 ⁰C/year. And for indices associated with daily minimum temperature, almost no change or a slight negative change was observed, except a significant positive trend in February and significant negative trend in November for TNN only. The analysis reveals that some of the extreme climate indices which explains the climatic conditions of Cherrapunji has changed a lot over the period of 42 years and if this trend continues then Cherrapunji will be under threat when it comes to climate change.
Overexpression of YALI0B07117g Encoding Erythrose Reductase Homolog Results in Enhanced Erythritol Synthesis From Glycerol by the Yeast Yarrowia Lipolytica.
Authors: Szczepańczyk Mateusz , Rzechonek Dorota A. , Dobrowolski Adam , Mirończuk Aleksandra Maria 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BackgroundPolyols are a group of sweet alcohols, frequently used as food additives. The constantly rising demand for polyols requires the application of new strategies to increase the production. Erythritol is synthesized by the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica under high osmotic pressure as an osmoprotectant. The metabolic pathway resulting in erythritol production remains partially unknown. However, the last reaction resulting in erythritol synthesis is conducted by an erythrose reductase (ER).ResultsThe Y. lipolytica strain was genetically modified to increase the erythritol yield and productivity, using glycerol as a sole carbon source. The modification focused on the ER homologue YALI0B07117g after the in silico analysis of the protein sequences of all reported ER homologues. Initial results in shake-flask experiments proved the influence of the gene YALI0B07117g in erythritol synthesis. Deletion of the gene resulted in 3-fold and 2-fold increased production of mannitol and arabitol, respectively. Overexpression of the native ER homologue gene showed a positive influence on erythritol production. Bath cultures were conducted and the obtained strain reached the yield of 0.4 g/g. The specific consumption rate (qs) increased from 5.83 g/g/L for the WT strain to 8.49 g/g/L for the engineered strain, while the productivity of erythritol increased from 0.28 g/L/h for the A101 strain to 0.41 g/L/h for the modified strain.ConclusionsOverexpression of the gene YALI0B07117g resulted in increased production of erythritol in the yeast Y. lipolytica. Disruption of the metabolic pathway by deletion of the gene results in higher production titers of mannitol and arabitol. Application of the research may prove positive for shortening the cultivation time due to the increased consumption rate of the substrate combined with increased parameters of erythritol synthesis.
Obesity and Non-Obesity Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Hypertension Syndromes (OOHS &amp; NOOHS): New Clinical Discoveries
Authors: Hu Chunsong , Wu Qinghua , Li Juxiang , Wu Yanqing , Wang Menghong , Ge Yuzhi , Tian Xiaoli , Tkebuchava Tengiz , Hollands Peter , Hu Dayi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Obesity, obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and hypertension are common clinical risk factors. Their coexistence is termed Obesity and Non-Obesity OSA Hypertension Syndromes (OOHS & NOOHS) due to high linkage. This study reported the clinical characteristics of OOHS and NOOHS. A total of 163 patients, aged 23–74 years, were randomly enrolled at the outpatients department who were either obese or non-obese, suffered OSA and hypertension. Subjects with a Body Mass Index (BMI) of ≥25 (Chinese criteria), of ≥27 (criteria of this study), and of ≥30 (WHO criteria) were defined as obese or non-obese, respectively. Cases with snoring were classified as mild, moderate and severe OSA by using the Apnoea-Hypopnoea Index where mild is 5–15, moderate is 15–30, and severe is > 30. Daytime blood pressure (BP) was measured to assess any correlation. Data from those with isolated obesity, OSA, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome were compared. Long-term follow-up was carried out. 7 typical cases with OOHS and NOOHS were assessed and included general patient information, initial diagnosis, medical history, related risk factors, BMI, and BP. 163 cases with OOHS and NOOHS often have similar or different clinical characteristics. Both potentially suffer from major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) which are associated with increased BMI, OSA, and increased BP. Long-term follow-up showed the outcomes consistently linked to their lifestyle and adherence to treatment. Our new clinical discoveries suggest that both OOHS and NOOHS are high risk conditions in MACEs. There is an urgent need for early lifestyle interventions and related treatments.
Environmental Behaviors of (E)-Pyriminobac-methyl in Agricultural Soils
Authors: Zhou Wenwen , Jia Haoran , Liu Lang , Li Baotong , Li Yuqi , Gao Meizhu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
(E)-Pyriminobac-methyl (EPM), a pyrimidine benzoic acid esters herbicide, has a high potential as weedicide; nevertheless, its environmental behaviors are still not well understood. In this study, we systematically investigated for the first time the adsorption–desorption, degradation, and leaching behaviors of EPM in agricultural soils from five exemplar sites in China (characterized by different physicochemical properties) through laboratory simulation experiments. The EPM adsorption–desorption results were well fitted by the Freundlich model (R2 > 0.9999). In the analyzed soils, the Freundlich adsorption (i.e., Kf-ads) and desorption (i.e., Kf-des) coefficients of EPM varied between 0.85–32.22 mg1−1/n L1/n kg−1 and between 0.78–5.02 mg1−1/n L1/n kg−1, respectively. Moreover, the degradation of EPM reflected first-order kinetics: its half-life ranged between 37.46–66.00 d depending on the environmental conditions, and abiotic degradation was predominant in the degradation of this compound. The mobility of EPM in the five soils varied from immobile to highly mobile. The groundwater ubiquity score ranged between 0.9765–2.7160, indicating that EPM posed threat to groundwater quality. Overall, the results of this study demonstrate the easy degradability of EPM, as well as its high adsorption affinity and low mobility in soils with abundant organic matter content and high cation exchange capacity. Under such conditions, there is a relatively low contamination risk for groundwater systems in relation to this compound. Overall, our findings provide a solid basis for predicting the environmental impacts of EPM.
Polymorphism of Riboflavin Transporter (RFVT) Gene in Patients with Esophageal Cancer in Hakka Population in Southern China
Authors: Li Tao , Hu Wanqin , Zheng Minli , Qiu Bo , Yang Yuhui 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to examine the human riboflavin transporter (RFVT) gene polymorphism in Hakka esophageal cancer patients in Guangdong Province and to explore its relationship with esophageal cancer. Methods: We used matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization flight time mass spectrometry to genotype RFVT1 rs346821 and RFVT2 rs13042395 in 211 Hakka esophageal cancer patients and 216 healthy controls in Meizhou. Results: There were polymorphisms in the rs346821 and rs13042395 in the two groups of Hakka; G/A polymorphism in the RFVT1 gene rs346821; three genotypes GG, AG, and AA of RFVT rs346821 were found in the Meizhou Hakka population, with distribution frequencies in the esophageal cancer group at 61.61, 36.02, and 2.37% respectively; the frequencies of allele G and A were 79.62 and 20.38%. The distribution frequencies of the three genotypes in the control subjects were 54.17, 40.28, and 5.55% respectively; the frequencies of allele G and A were 74.31 and 25.69%. There was a significant difference observed in the binary logistic analysis; the occurence of AG and AA genotypes in the Hakka population were 2.424 times and 1.922 times higher than that of the GG genotype. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that RFVT1 rs346821 had a missense mutation, and the corresponding amino acid was changed from alanine to valine, resulting in a change in its protein structure. Conclusions: The study concluded that RFVT1 rs346821 polymorphism might be associated with the genetic susceptibility of the Hakka population to esophageal cancer. The variation in the protein structure resulting from the variation of RFVT1 rs346821 might have a significant influence on the occurrence and development of esophageal cancer in the Hakka population.