bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fast median filters using separable sorting networks
Authors: Adams Andrew 
Published: July 2021

Median filters are a widely-used tool in graphics, imaging, machine learning, visual effects, and even audio processing. Currently, very-small-support median filters are performed using sorting networks, and large-support median filters are handled by
O
(1) histogram-based methods. However, the constant factor on these
O
(1) algorithms is large, and they scale poorly to data types above 8-bit integers. On the other hand, good sorting networks have not been described above the 7 X 7 case, leaving us with no fast way to compute integer median filters of modest size, and no fast way to compute floating point median filters for any size above 7 X 7.

This paper describes new sorting networks that efficiently compute median filters of arbitrary size. The key idea is that these networks can be factored to exploit the separability of the sorting problem - they share common work across scanlines, and within small tiles of output. We also describe new ways to run sorting networks efficiently, using a sorting-specific instruction set, compiler, and interpreter.
The speed-up over prior work is more than an order of magnitude for a wide range of data types and filter sizes. For 8-bit integers, we describe the fastest median filters for all sizes up to 25 X 25 on CPU, and up to 33 X 33 on GPU. For higher-precision types, we describe the fastest median filters at all sizes tested on both CPU and GPU.
Systematically differentiating parametric discontinuities
Authors: Bangaru Sai Praveen , Michel Jesse , Mu Kevin , Bernstein Gilbert , Li Tzu-Mao , Ragan-Kelley Jonathan 
Published: July 2021

Emerging research in computer graphics, inverse problems, and machine learning requires us to differentiate and optimize parametric discontinuities. These discontinuities appear in object boundaries, occlusion, contact, and sudden change over time. In many domains, such as rendering and physics simulation, we differentiate the parameters of models that are expressed as integrals over discontinuous functions. Ignoring the discontinuities during differentiation often has a significant impact on the optimization process. Previous approaches either apply specialized hand-derived solutions, smooth out the discontinuities, or rely on incorrect automatic differentiation.
We propose a systematic approach to differentiating integrals with discontinuous integrands, by developing a new differentiable programming language. We introduce integration as a language primitive and account for the Dirac delta contribution from differentiating parametric discontinuities in the integrand. We formally define the language semantics and prove the correctness and closure under the differentiation, allowing the generation of gradients and higher-order derivatives. We also build a system, Teg, implementing these semantics. Our approach is widely applicable to a variety of tasks, including image stylization, fitting shader parameters, trajectory optimization, and optimizing physical designs.
Direct delta mush skinning compression with continuous examples
Authors: Le Binh Huy , Villeneuve Keven , Gonzalez-Ochoa Carlos 
Published: July 2021

Direct Delta Mush (DDM) is a high-quality, direct skinning method with a low setup cost. However, its storage and run-time computing cost are relatively high for two reasons: its skinning weights are 4 X 4 matrices instead of scalars like other direct skinning methods, and its computation requires one 3 X 3 Singular Value Decomposition per vertex.
In this paper, we introduce a compression method that takes a DDM model and splits it into two layers: the first layer is a smaller DDM model that computes a set of virtual bone transformations and the second layer is a Linear Blend Skinning model that computes per-vertex transformations from the output of the first layer. The two-layer model can approximate the deformation of the original DDM model with significantly lower costs.
Our main contribution is a novel problem formulation for the DDM compression based on a continuous example-based technique, in which we minimize the compression error on an uncountable set of example poses. This formulation provides an elegant metric for the compression error and simplifies the problem to the common linear matrix factorization. Our formulation also takes into account the skeleton hierarchy of the model, the bind pose, and the range of motions. In addition, we propose a new update rule to optimize DDM weights of the first layer and a modification to resolve the floating-point cancellation issue of DDM.
Path-space differentiable rendering of participating media
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Yu Zihan , Zhao Shuang 
Published: July 2021

Physics-based differentiable rendering---which focuses on estimating derivatives of radiometric detector responses with respect to arbitrary scene parameters---has a diverse array of applications from solving analysis-by-synthesis problems to training machine-learning pipelines incorporating forward-rendering processes. Unfortunately, existing general-purpose differentiable rendering techniques lack either the generality to handle volumetric light transport or the flexibility to devise Monte Carlo estimators capable of handling complex geometries and light transport effects.
In this paper, we bridge this gap by showing how generalized path integrals can be differentiated with respect to arbitrary scene parameters. Specifically, we establish the mathematical formulation of generalized differential path integrals that capture both interfacial and volumetric light transport. Our formulation allows the development of advanced differentiable rendering algorithms capable of efficiently handling challenging geometric discontinuities and light transport phenomena such as volumetric caustics.
We validate our method by comparing our derivative estimates to those generated using the finite differences. Further, to demonstrate the effectiveness of our technique, we compare both differentiable rendering and inverse rendering performance with state-of-the-art methods.
The design space of plane elastic curves
Authors: Hafner Christian , Bickel Bernd 
Published: July 2021

Elastic bending of initially flat slender elements allows the realization and economic fabrication of intriguing curved shapes. In this work, we derive an intuitive but rigorous geometric characterization of the design space of plane elastic rods with variable stiffness. It enables designers to determine which shapes are physically viable with active bending by visual inspection alone. Building on these insights, we propose a method for efficiently designing the geometry of a flat elastic rod that realizes a target equilibrium curve, which only requires solving a linear program.
We implement this method in an interactive computational design tool that gives feedback about the feasibility of a design, and computes the geometry of the structural elements necessary to realize it within an instant. The tool also offers an iterative optimization routine that improves the fabricability of a model while modifying it as little as possible. In addition, we use our geometric characterization to derive an algorithm for analyzing and recovering the stability of elastic curves that would otherwise snap out of their unstable equilibrium shapes by buckling. We show the efficacy of our approach by designing and manufacturing several physical models that are assembled from flat elements.
Intersection-free rigid body dynamics
Authors: Ferguson Zachary , Li Minchen , Schneider Teseo , Gil-Ureta Francisca , Langlois Timothy , Jiang Chenfanfu , Zorin Denis , Kaufman Danny M. , Panozzo Daniele 
Published: July 2021

We introduce the first implicit time-stepping algorithm for rigid body dynamics, with contact and friction, that guarantees intersection-free configurations at every time step.
Our algorithm explicitly models the curved trajectories traced by rigid bodies in both collision detection and response. For collision detection, we propose a conservative narrow phase collision detection algorithm for curved trajectories, which reduces the problem to a sequence of linear CCD queries with minimal separation. For time integration and contact response, we extend the recently proposed incremental potential contact framework to reduced coordinates and rigid body dynamics.
We introduce a benchmark for rigid body simulation and show that our approach, while less efficient than alternatives, can robustly handle a wide array of complex scenes, which cannot be simulated with competing methods, without requiring per-scene parameter tuning.
Computational design of weingarten surfaces
Authors: Pellis Davide , Kilian Martin , Pottmann Helmut , Pauly Mark 
Published: July 2021

In this paper we study Weingarten surfaces and explore their potential for fabrication-aware design in freeform architecture. Weingarten surfaces are characterized by a functional relation between their principal curvatures that implicitly defines approximate local congruences on the surface. These symmetries can be exploited to simplify surface paneling of double-curved architectural skins through mold re-use.
We present an optimization approach to find a Weingarten surface that is close to a given input design. Leveraging insights from differential geometry, our method aligns curvature isolines of the surface in order to contract the curvature diagram from a 2D region into a 1D curve. The unknown functional curvature relation then emerges as the result of the optimization. We show how a robust and efficient numerical shape approximation method can be implemented using a guided projection approach on a high-order B-spline representation. This algorithm is applied in several design studies to illustrate how Weingarten surfaces define a versatile shape space for fabrication-aware exploration in freeform architecture. Our optimization algorithm provides the first practical tool to compute general Weingarten surfaces with arbitrary curvature relation, thus enabling new investigations into a rich, but as of yet largely unexplored class of surfaces.
Effects of Endoscopic Sinus Surgery for Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis on Respiratory Functions and FeNO Production in the Lower Respiratory Tract
Authors: Terada Tetsuya , Inui Takaki , Moriyama Kou , Noro Keiki , Kikuoka Yusuke , Omura Shuji , Suzuki Manabu , Kawata Ryo 
Published: July 2021

Objective: To confirm the relevance of upper and lower airway inflammation in eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (ECRS), the effects of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) on lower airway functions and inflammation need to be examined in ECRS patients. Methods: Chronic rhinosinusitis patients with nasal polyps (25 non-ECRS, 28 ECRS) were enrolled. The 12 patients in the ECRS group had comorbid asthma, in contrast to none in the non-ECRS group. We divided ECRS patients into 2 groups of ECRS with and without asthma. Clinical markers, including fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), respiratory functions, and the Asthma Control Test (ACT) questionnaire, were investigated before and after ESS. Results: The FeNO levels in the ECRS with asthma group decreased after ESS. The mean FeNO levels in this group were 56.3 ppb before ESS and 24.9, 25.1, 25.0, and 15.5 ppb 1, 2, 3, and 4 months, respectively, after ESS. The mean forced expiratory rates in 1 second before and after ESS were 67.6% and 73.0%, respectively. The mean maximal expiratory flow rates at 50% of the vital capacity before and after ESS were 45.8% and 58.0%, respectively. Significant differences were observed in respiratory functions before and after ESS. The mean ACT scores in the ECRS with asthma group before and after ESS were 17.5 and 23.5, respectively. The ACT scores were significantly higher after than before ESS. Conclusions: The present results indicate that ECRS and bronchial asthma are common eosinophilic airway inflammatory diseases, and ESS for eosinophilic sinusitis may improve lower airway function.
Clinical Biomarkers in Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery: Autoimmune Diseases
Authors: Samarrai Ruwaa , Rahman Khalil , Parham Kourosh 
Published: July 2021

Objective: The purpose of this article is to review the literature and compile promising and clinically relevant biomarkers in autoimmune disease related to otolaryngology—head and neck surgery. Study Design: Narrative review. Methods: Pubmed and Google Scholar were queried using combined key words such as “biomarkers” and “otolaryngology.” Additional queries were made with combined key words such as “biomarkers” and a particular subspecialty such as “autoimmune” or “Meniere’s” to maximize yield of relevant titles. Subsequently, specific biomarkers identified, such as “anti-TPO-antibodies,” were used as key words. Relevant titles were reviewed and selected for abstract review. Applicable abstracts were then selected for review of the full text. Results: Biomarkers that are currently in clinical use for the management of autoimmune diseases within the field of otolaryngology were included in this review. The compiled biomarkers were then detailed individually regarding their molecular characteristics, function, and clinical significance. Conclusions: Based on this literature review, there are several biomarkers currently in clinical use within the field of otolaryngology relating to autoimmune diseases. The majority of these biomarkers are in the form of proteins such as Cogan peptide and c-ANCA. This survey may serve as a comprehensive resource on biomarkers for autoimmune diseases in clinical otolaryngology.
A Genome‐First Approach to Rare Variants in Dominant Postlingual Hearing Loss Genes in a Large Adult Population
Authors: Ahmadmehrabi Shadi , Li Binglan , Hui Daniel , Park Joseph , Ritchie Marylyn , Rader Daniel J. , Ruckenstein Michael J. , Epstein Douglas J. , Brant Jason 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveTo investigate the importance of rare variants in adult‐onset hearing loss.Study DesignGenomic association study.SettingLarge biobank from tertiary care center.MethodsWe investigated rare variants (minor allele frequency <5%) in 42 autosomal dominant (DFNA) postlingual hearing loss (HL) genes in 16,657 unselected individuals in the Penn Medicine Biobank. We determined the prevalence of known pathogenic and predicted deleterious variants in subjects with audiometric‐proven sensorineural hearing loss. We scanned across known postlingual DFNA HL genes to determine those most significantly contributing to the phenotype. We replicated findings in an independent cohort (UK Biobank).ResultsWhile rare individually, when considering the accumulation of variants in all postlingual DFNA genes, more than 90% of participants carried at least 1 rare variant. Rare variants predicted to be deleterious were enriched in adults with audiometric‐proven hearing loss (pure‐tone average >25 dB; P =. 015). Patients with a rare predicted deleterious variant had an odds ratio of 1.27 for HL compared with genotypic controls (P =. 029). Gene burden in DIABLO, PTPRQ, TJP2, and POU4F3 were independently associated with sensorineural hearing loss.ConclusionAlthough prior reports have focused on common variants, we find that rare predicted deleterious variants in DFNA postlingual HL genes are enriched in patients with adult‐onset HL in a large health care system population. We show the value of investigating rare variants to uncover hearing loss phenotypes related to implicated genes.
Bereaved relatives’ quality of life before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: Results of the prospective, multicenter, observational eQuiPe study
Authors: Ham Laurien , Fransen Heidi P , van den Borne Ben , Hendriks Mathijs P , van Laarhoven Hanneke WM , van der Padt-Pruijsten Annemieke , Raijmakers Natasja , van Roij Janneke , Sommeijer Dirkje W , Vriens Birgit EPJ , van Zuylen Lia , van de Poll – Franse Lonneke 
Published: July 2021

Background: The death of a loved one is considered as one of the most stressful life events. During the COVID-19 pandemic, grief processes are potentially affected by measures such as social distancing and self-quarantine. Aim: The aim of this study was to give insight in the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on quality of life, social support, and self-care of bereaved relatives of people with advanced cancer in order to evaluate whether care for bereaved relatives during the COVID-19 pandemic should be improved. Design: A cross-sectional analysis using data from bereaved relatives of a prospective, longitudinal, multicenter, observational study on quality of care and quality of life of people with advanced cancer and their (bereaved) relatives (eQuiPe). Setting/participants: Quality of life, social support, and self-care of bereaved relatives who completed a questionnaire within 3–6 months after their relative died during COVID-19 (April-November 2020) were compared with bereaved relatives who completed this questionnaire pre-COVID-19 (April-November 2019). Results: Ninety-one bereaved relatives were included in the analysis, 44 bereaved relatives completed the questionnaire pre-COVID-19 and 47 during COVID-19. The median age of the participants was 65 (IQR = 14) years and 58% were female. There were no significant differences between the pre-COVID-19 and during COVID-19 bereaved relatives in quality of life (68 vs 69), social support (17 vs 18), and self-care (20 vs 19). Conclusions: On the short-term, the COVID-19 pandemic did not have significant impact on bereaved relatives’ wellbeing. However, long-term impact of the pandemic on their wellbeing should be assessed.
GIScience II: Newness and imminence
Authors: Wilson Matthew W 
Published: July 2021

In this second report, I discuss the role of newness in GIScience, drawing distinctions between ‘the new’, as a state of emergent technology and technical situation, and imminence, a state of happenings and becomings. I suggest that GIScience often reduces the two to each other – what is imminent is that which is new – with specific implications for the use of geospatial techniques and technologies in explicitly radical, critical, and anti-racist projects. To engage in this work means often to make do with what is available and accessible, with no less need for experimentation and innovation.
The Triple Burden of Malnutrition Among Adolescents in Indonesia
Authors: Rah Jee Hyun , Melse-Boonstra Alida , Agustina Rina , van Zutphen Kesso Gabrielle , Kraemer Klaus 
Published: July 2021

Background: Indonesia is a prime example of the triple burden of malnutrition. Indonesian adolescents are among the hardest hit, with approximately one in four adolescent girls suffering from anemia, while nearly one in seven adolescents is overweight or obese. Objectives: The present editorial provides a snapshot of the various research papers included in this Supplement, which calls for increased attention to adolescent nutrition in Indonesia and beyond. Results: Despite major steps to reduce undernutrition and overweight, including a renewed focus on anemia among adolescent girls, major gaps remain in our understanding of various nutrition issues concerning adolescents. These include various drivers and determinants of the triple burden of malnutrition, evidence-based interventions that are supported by large-scale implementation research and evaluation, and effective delivery platforms to reach the most vulnerable groups of adolescents. Conclusion: The time has come to position adolescent nutrition as central to development, and mainstream it into health sector plans, strategies, and policies. It is our hope that this issue will stimulate the urgently needed interventions, implementation research and required programs that will safeguard the nutritional wellbeing of today's forgotten generation.
Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale Screener Ratings in College Students: Concurrent Validity and Test–Retest Reliability
Authors: Lovett Benjamin J. , Ferrier David E. , Wang Tina , Jordan Alexander H. 
Published: July 2021

The Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale screener is commonly used to determine if further evaluation of ADHD is required. However, despite use in college settings, the ASRS was not developed for this population, and limited relevant psychometric data exist. In this study, 190 college students completed the ASRS screener as well as a lengthier measure of the 18 DSM symptoms of ADHD. A subgroup ( n = 141) completed the ASRS twice, with at least 1 week in between measures. Concurrent validity of ASRS scores was substantial ( r = 0.73 with DSM inattentive symptoms and r = 0.57 with DSM hyperactive/impulsive symptoms) and test–retest reliability was adequate ( r = 0.69 with an average interval of 42 days). However, the sensitivity of the screener was only moderate (66%), and approximately one-fifth of the students changed screening status (positive vs. negative) across the time interval. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
Treatment of Acute Gout Flares in the Emergency Department: Prescribing Patterns and Revisit Rates
Authors: Brunetti Luigi , Vekaria Janaki , Lipsky Peter E. , Schlesinger Naomi 
Published: July 2021

Background The incidence and health care costs of gout flares have increased in the United States. The increased costs may be a result of a lack of adherence to treatment guidelines and medication knowledge. Identifying causes for this trend is vital to mitigate inappropriate resource use. Objectives The aim was to identify pharmacotherapy use related to gout treatment before, during hospital visit or stay, and on discharge in patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with gout flares. Secondary end points included opioid use, revisit rates, and associated risk factors. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study at a community teaching hospital ED. All consecutive patients visiting the ED from January 2016 to July 2019 with a primary diagnosis of gout flare were included. Data were extracted from the electronic medical records. Results The analysis included 214 patients. Anti-inflammatory medication was not prescribed in 33.6% during the hospital visit and 29.6% of patients on discharge. History of opioid use (odds ratio [OR] = 3.3; 95% CI = 1.3-8.6; P = 0.014) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (OR = 3.5; 95% CI = 1.09-10.9; P = 0.035) were associated with opioid prescription on discharge. ED revisits within 90 days for any gout-related or non–gout-related cause were recorded in 16.8% of patients. Conclusion and Relevance Roughly 30% of patients did not receive an anti-inflammatory on discharge, and opioids were frequently overused in gout management in the ED. There is an opportunity for further education of health care providers regarding gout treatment.