bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dual‐gate ion‐sensitive field‐effect transistors: A review
Authors: Bhatt Deepa , Panda Siddhartha 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIon‐sensitive field‐effect transistors (ISFETs) are electrochemical sensors that work on the principle of metal‐oxide field‐effect transistors. Dual‐gate ion‐sensitive field‐effect transistors (DGISFETs) are an advanced version of ISFETs with an additional gate dielectric, resulting in sensitivity enhancement on account of the coupling of the capacitances of the two gate dielectrics. ISFETs were demonstrated first in 1970 and there are several review articles available on various aspects of ISFETs; although DGISFETs were first demonstrated in 2010, there are no focused review articles on this subject and this is the motivation of present work. This review has explored the understanding of the basic platform, the working principle, different structures, and various applications of DGISFETs. Further, types of DGISFETs are elaborated based on their architecture, material used for fabrication, and substrates used for such devices with utilization of different semiconductor and gate dielectric materials, rigid and flexible substrates. The state‐of‐the‐art of rigid and flexible DGISFETs is discussed for various applications. Challenges in the fabrication and utilization of DGISFETs in various fields and further advances are discussed.
Comparison of the parasitic impedances from the drain‐source path of power transistor packages at up to 2 GHz
Authors: Moldaschl Thomas , Woetzel Stefan , Latella Riccardo , Galvano Maurizio , Binder Alfred 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this article, we compare several concepts for gallium‐nitride (GaN) power high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) packages in terms of their drain‐to‐source parasitic inductance and resistance values. Unlike in previous studies, however, due to several fast transient use cases the investigated frequencies are extended to 2 GHz. Since the device's dimensions are already a significant fraction of the corresponding wavelength at 2 GHz, full wave simulation tools have been employed to more accurately assess the problem. The results reveal how the considered package concepts affect the overall parasitic device impedances and show a clear improvement of the parasitic impedance over each generation of package implementation. Furthermore, full wave analysis results are compared to method of moments results to emphasize the necessity of full wave simulations at these frequencies.
Interface engineering towardhigh‐efficiencyalloy anode for next‐generation energy storage device
Authors: Wang Haitao , Wang Chen , Tang Yongbing 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAlloy materials are considered as the promising anodes for next‐generation energy storage devices attributed to their high theoretical capacities and suitable working voltage. However, further commercialization is hindered by their remarkable volume change during cycling. The interface engineering has been proposed as an effective strategy to alleviate the volume expansion and improve the electrochemical performance of alloy anode. In this review, we discuss the failure mechanisms for alloy anode during charging/discharging processes. Then the mechanisms of interface engineering for alloy anode were proposed. Next, the interface engineering strategies for alloy anode such as artificial solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), structure control, and electrolyte composition design toward improved performance were summarized. Finally, the challenge and perspective of interface engineering of alloy anodes was discussed. This review may promote the development of alloy anode with improved electrochemical performance for practical renewable energy applications.image
The effect of particle size and hydrate status on dynamic mechanical properties of hydrate‐bearing sediments
Authors: Hu Wei , Ning Fulong , Liu Zhichao , Wang Dongdong , Dou Xiaofeng , Li Yanlong , Hu Gaowei , Liu Changling 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDynamic mechanical properties of natural gas hydrate (NGH) reservoirs are extremely important owing to their critical role in drilling safety and reservoir stability during NGH development. However, the comprehensive influence of reservoir skeleton and hydrate status on the dynamic mechanical properties of hydrate‐bearing sediments (HBS) has rarely been reported. In this study, three types of sandy sediments with different particle size were simulated. A customized resonant column system was used to synthesize HBS and to test the dynamic mechanical properties of the HBS under the conditions of different confining pressures and shear strains. In addition, the dynamic mechanical responses of the hydrate‐free and hydrate‐dissociated specimens were comprehensively studied to further demonstrate the dominant role of hydrate status and skeleton‐hydrate interactions on the dynamic mechanical properties of HBS. The results show that the shear moduli of the HBS specimens increase exponentially with an increase in confining pressure and decrease in amplitude strain. However, the damping ratios decreases with an increase in confining pressure and decrease in amplitude strain. With an increase in the median particle size (D50) of the simulated sediments, the shear moduli tend to increase, whereas the damping ratios decreas. In addition, the hydrate occurrence decreases differences in moduli between fine‐, medium‐ and coarse‐skeleton specimens, and the enhancement effect of hydrate on the mechanical properties of the specimen is the maximum for the fine sediment specimens. Interestingly, we find that the modulus of the hydrate‐dissociated specimen is relatively smaller than that of the hydrate‐free specimen, which implies that the structure of the sediments could be rearranged and weakened due to the hydrate formation‐dissociation processes.
Investigating the Ecotoxicity of Select Emerging Organic Contaminants Toward the Marine Copepod Gladioferens pectinatus
Authors: Barrick Andrew , Champeau Olivier , Butler Juliette , Wiles Tanja , Boundy Mike , Tremblay Louis A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Estuarine ecosystems are recipients of anthropogenic stressors released from land-based activities. The aim of the present study was to investigate the ecotoxicological hazards of organic contaminants toward the estuarine copepod Gladioferens pectinatus using acute and chronic testing. Most chemicals demonstrated acute toxicity and influenced development of the copepods. Further research should be conducted to investigate these chemicals and their mixtures using long-term, multigenerational testing to characterize mechanisms of toxicity. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:792–799. © 2022 SETAC
Transient Copper Exposure During Embryogenesis and Temperature Affect Developmental Rate, Survival, and Fin Regeneration in Japanese Medaka (Oryzias latipes)
Authors: Mason Marilyn W. , Bertucci Emily M. , Leri Faith M. , Parrott Benjamin B. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Combined environmental stressors that an organism experiences can have both immediate and lasting consequences. In the present study, we exposed Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryos to sublethal copper sulfate (CuSO4; 0, 10, and 100 ppb) in combination with different rearing temperatures (27, 30, and 33 °C) to assess acute and latent effects on development, growth, and regenerative capacity. Embryos exposed to CuSO4 and/or higher temperatures hatched significantly earlier. At 4 months post-exposure, fish exposed to low levels of CuSO4 during development had higher survival, whereas fish exposed to both 100 ppb CuSO4 and 33 °C temperatures had significantly lower survival. In addition, a sex-specific effect of embryonic CuSO4 exposure was observed as female mass decreased with increasing Cu dose. We also assessed caudal fin regenerative capabilities in both embryo-exposed fish at 4 months of age and adult medaka that were exposed to 0, 10, and 100 ppb CuSO4 at room temperature during a 14-day trial. Whereas fin regeneration was unaffected by adult exposure to Cu, fish transiently exposed during embryogenesis displayed an initial increase in fin growth rate and an increased incidence of abnormal fin morphology following regrowth. Collectively, these data suggest that developmental Cu exposure has the potential to exert long-lasting impacts to organismal growth, survival, and function. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:748–757. © 2021 SETAC
Brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome: guide to the respiratory functional grading scheme
Authors: Ladlow Jane 
Published: December 2021

Background: The respiratory functional grading scheme was introduced to aid breeders in avoiding using brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS)‐affected dogs. It can also be used to introduce owners of extreme brachycephalic dogs to the possibility of breathing problems in their dogs. It allows monitoring of any disease and aids with surgical decision making and audit.Aim of the article: This article aims to guide general practitioners in recognising the clinical signs of BOAS and in assessing the severity of disease by performing respiratory functional grading.
Guide to feeding the hospitalised exotic patient
Authors: Deane Kelly 
Published: December 2021

Background: The nutritional requirements of exotic patients are extremely varied due to the wide range of exotic pets that are kept. Although nutrition is sometimes overlooked as part of an exotic patient's care, it is essential for an effective recovery process.Aim of the article: The article aims to help practitioners feel more confident in selecting the appropriate nutrition for exotic patients in practice, and adapting this as part of the patient's treatment, depending on the level of care required.
Detection of folate receptor‐positive circulating tumor cells as a biomarker for diagnosis, prognostication, and therapeutic monitoring in breast cancer
Authors: Wu Qian , Zheng Hongyun , Gu Jian , Cheng Yanfang , Qiao Bin , Wang Jingwei , Xiong Liang , Sun Si , Wu Zegang , Bao Anyu , Tong Yongqing 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis study is to explore the clinical significance of folate receptor‐positive circulating tumor cells (FR+CTC) in the early diagnosis and disease progress in patients with breast cancer.MethodsFolate receptor‐positive circulating tumor cells was enriched from peripheral blood of the patients with immunomagnetic separation method and quantitated by folate receptor on the CTC with the ligand‐targeted PCR.ResultsThe levels of FR+CTC were significantly higher in breast cancer patients compared with healthy controls. Detective rate of FR+CTC was decreased in 19 of 27 patients underwent the surgery in 2 weeks post‐operation compared with pre‐operation; statistical analysis showed the difference was significant. We also found that the combination of FR+CTC, CEA, CA125, and CA153 can significantly improve the diagnostic efficiency for breast cancer.ConclusionsThis study showed the detective rate of FR+CTC is significantly increased in the patients with breast cancer, and the detective level is associated with disease progress.
Scanning electron microscopy and morphometric analysis of superficial corneal epithelial cells in dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius)
Authors: Farouk Sameh M. , Mahmoud Samy F. , Eldoumani Haitham , Shoghy Khaled , Abdel‐Megeid Nazema S. , Abdo Mohamed 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIt is likely that superficial corneal epithelial cells (SCECs) of the dromedary camels have a significant role in their survival at arid and semiarid regions. To the best of our knowledge, SCECs of camels' eyes have not been characterized previously using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), combined with morphometric analysis. Therefore, in the current study, we aim to describe the shape, topographical distribution, and density of SCECs associated with morphometric analysis using SEM. Twelve healthy adult camels' corneas were obtained immediately after slaughter. Each cornea has been divided into nine parts: central (C), middle dorsal (MD), middle ventral (MV), middle nasal (MN), middle temporal (MT), peripheral dorsal (PD), peripheral ventral (PV), peripheral nasal (PN), and peripheral temporal (PT). SCECs were distinguished and characterized into light, medium, and dark mosaics. The polygonal cells have been externally covered with microplicae that were more numerous above the light cells. The topographic distribution of light, medium, and dark cells revealed a well‐defined concentration of light cells in excess of other cells in all parts as follows: PV (92.5%), PN (78.5%), MN (78%), MT (74.7%), PD (73.8%), PT (70.7%), MV (68.7%), MD (66.3%), and C (19.3%). The PV part recorded the highest density of light cells, while the C portion showed the lowest density for the same cells. We concluded that the light cells extensively predominate in all parts of the camels' cornea except the C part, indicating an adaptive modification to the harsh environment. Additionally, the PV and PN parts represent the permanent and endogenous source as well as a proliferative reserve for SCECs in dromedary camel.
Determinants of market participation and intensity of marketed surplus of smallholder chickpea producers in Este woreda
Authors: Worku Chernet , Adugna Marlign , Mussa Essa Chanie 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn Ethiopia, chickpea is an important legume crop, particularly in Este district. It is a source of food and provides cash income for majority of smallholder farmers. To commercialize chickpea producers, selecting an appropriate market channel is important for participation. Hence, this study aimed to identifying factors affecting chickpea market participation and volume of marketed surplus of chickpea. Both primary and secondary sources of data were used. Moreover, both qualitative and quantitative data were collected from primary and secondary data sources. Primary data were collected directly from chickpea farmers through semistructured questionnaire. Focus group discussion and field observations were undertaken during primary data collection in the study area. Combination of data analysis methods like descriptive analysis and econometric models were employed. Heckman model result indicated that market participation decision was significantly affected by age, family size, lagged price, and distance to the market and market supply by frequency of extension contacts, quantity produced, transport ownership, and distance to the market. Based on the findings, government and concerned stakeholders need to focus more on enhancing accessibility of infrastructures facilities to promote marketing of chickpea and increase marketed surplus as well as expanding market access and improving yield through strengthening extension service in order to accelerate market chain development.
Fabrication of Resveratrol‐Loaded Scaffolds and Their Application for Delaying Cell Senescence In Vitro
Authors: You Rong , Shi Lu , Chen Surong , Liu Qingpeng , Zhang Lingkun , Yin Liang , Yang Runcai , Guan Yan‐Qing 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this research, resveratrol (RSV)‐loaded scaffolds have been prepared to control the release of resveratrol and used to delay hepatic stellate cell (HSC) senescence in vitro. The functional carboxyl group–COOH is first introduced to the surface of poly(ε‐caprolactone/d,l‐lactide) (P(CL‐DLLA)) under the coadministration of ultra‐violet (UV) treatment and photo initiator and then resveratrol are conjugated onto the surface of the modified scaffolds through esterification. The characterization of the structure of RSV‐AA‐P(CL‐DLLA) shows that resveratrol has been successfully conjugated onto the modified surface. Cell growth exhibits a higher level of cell viability and much more obvious agglomeration on the surface of the synthetic RSV‐AA‐P(CL‐DLLA). Meanwhile the activity of senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase (SA‐β‐gal) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) is downgulated for cells on RSV‐AA‐P(CL‐DLLA), which suggests that cell senescence is delayed on RSV‐AA‐P(CL‐DLLA). And then it is attested that cells have a lower level of p53 but SIRT1 expression is upregulated on RSV‐AA‐P(CL‐DLLA), which might be related to resveratrol release from RSV‐AA‐P(CL‐DLLA). It also suggested cell senescence on RSV‐AA‐P(CL‐DLLA) has been regulated by p53 and the SIRT1 signaling pathway. In all, the present study shows that RSV‐AA‐P(CL‐DLLA) can be successfully prepared to promote cell growth and delay cell senescence and could be used for cell‐based therapy in tissue engineering.
Transcriptomic analysis of Streptococcus agalactiae periprosthetic joint infection
Authors: Cho Hye‐Kyung , Masters Thao , Greenwood‐Quaintance Kerryl E. , Johnson Stephen , Jeraldo Patricio R. , Chia Nicholas , Pu Meng , Abdel Matthew P. , Patel Robin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAlthough Streptococcus agalactiae periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is not as prevalent as staphylococcal PJI, invasive S. agalactiae infection is not uncommon. Here, RNA‐seq was used to perform transcriptomic analysis of S. agalactiae PJI using fluid derived from sonication of explanted arthroplasties of subjects with S. agalactiae PJI, with results compared to those of S. agalactiae strain NEM316 grown in vitro. A total of 227 genes with outlier expression were found (164 upregulated and 63 downregulated) between PJI sonicate fluid and in vitro conditions. Functional enrichment analysis showed genes involved in mobilome and inorganic ion transport and metabolism to be most enriched. Genes involved in nickel, copper, and zinc transport, were upregulated. Among known virulence factors, cyl operon genes, encoding β‐hemolysin/cytolysin, were consistently highly expressed in PJI versus in vitro. The data presented provide insight into S. agalactiae PJI pathogenesis and may be a resource for identification of novel PJI therapeutics or vaccines against invasive S. agalactiae infections.
Resting‐State Functional Connectivity in Frontostriatal and Posterior Cortical Subtypes in Parkinson's Disease‐Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Devignes Quentin , Bordier Cécile , Viard Romain , Defebvre Luc , Kuchcinski Grégory , Leentjens Albert F.G. , Lopes Renaud , Dujardin Kathy 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe “dual syndrome hypothesis” distinguished two subtypes in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in Parkinson's disease: frontostriatal, characterized by attentional and executive deficits; and posterior cortical, characterized by visuospatial, memory, and language deficits.ObjectiveThe aim was to identify resting‐state functional modifications associated with these subtypes.MethodsNinety‐five nondemented patients categorized as having normal cognition (n = 31), frontostriatal (n = 14), posterior cortical (n = 20), or mixed (n = 30) cognitive subtype had a 3 T resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging scan. Twenty‐four age‐matched healthy controls (HCs) were also included. A group‐level independent component analysis was performed to identify resting‐state networks, and the selected components were subdivided into 564 cortical regions in addition to 26 basal ganglia regions. Global intra‐ and inter‐network connectivity along with global and local efficiencies was compared between groups. The network‐based statistics approach was used to identify connections significantly different between groups.ResultsPatients with posterior cortical deficits had increased intra‐network functional connectivity (FC) within the basal ganglia network compared with patients with frontostriatal deficits. Patients with frontostriatal deficits had reduced inter‐network FC between several networks, including the visual, default‐mode, sensorimotor, salience, dorsal attentional, basal ganglia, and frontoparietal networks, compared with HCs, patients with normal cognition, and patients with a posterior cortical subtype. Similar results were also found between patients with a mixed subtype and HCs.ConclusionMCI subtypes are associated with specific changes in resting‐state FC. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine the predictive potential of these markers regarding the risk of developing dementia. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Topology optimization of thermo‐elastic structures considering stiffness, strength, and temperature constraints over a wide range of temperatures
Authors: Meng Qingxuan , Xu Bin , Huang Chenguang , Duan Zunyi , Han Pengju 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article proposes a thermo‐elastic topology optimization with stiffness, strength, and temperature constraints involving a wide range of temperatures. The state equations for the linear elasticity and heat conduction are considered. Formulations involving minimum volume with compliance, stress and temperature limits under multiple thermal conditions are presented. The global stress and regional temperature metrics adopting the corrected aggregation function are used to evaluate the maximal stress and temperature, respectively. The stress stabilizing scheme is utilized to overcome the iteration oscillation stemming from highly nonlinear behavior of thermal stress constraints for multiple thermal conditions. To achieve clear optimized topologies under design‐dependent loads, a continuation strategy for the relaxed Heaviside function is developed. Two 2D numerical examples are employed to illustrate the validity and practicability of the proposed approach. The results show that the optimized structures designed by a certain temperature may be damaged or have thermal deformations once the ambient temperature changes due to the thermal residual stress. The designs covering wide temperature range achieved by neglecting stiffness or strength constraints can result in stiffness reduction or strength failure. It is therefore imperative for the optimization to adopt a multi‐physics model involving multi‐constraints over a wide temperature range.
Using telemedicine in nursing homes during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A multi‐perspective view on the implementation process
Authors: Plunger Petra , Eitenberger Magdalena , Kletecka‐Pulker Maria , Wochele‐Thoma Thomas , Klager Elisabeth , Ruf Ann Kathrin , Eibensteiner Fabian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimCentring on nursing homes, we analysed the implementation process of a tablet‐ and videoconferencing‐based telemedicine application from the perspectives of management, nursing staff and physicians.DesignWe used a qualitative design based on interviews to explore diverse perspectives on the implementation of telemedicine.MethodsWe conducted fourteen face‐to‐face or online interviews with a purposeful sample of five managers, six nurses and three general practitioners treating residents in Austrian nursing homes during the COVID‐19 pandemic. We condensed data using thematic analysis.ResultsNursing home management implemented telemedicine rapidly, using a top‐down approach met with ambivalence by staff. On the part of nurses, their professional understanding of person‐centred care was challenged. Telemedicine also impacted cooperation between nurses and physicians, influencing their respective understanding of their roles. Working experience with digital nursing documentation had a positive effect on users' acceptance of the telemedicine solution.