bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Flight Performance of Mass-Reared and Irradiated Navel Orangeworm (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) for Sterile Insect Technique
Authors: Reger Joshua , Wenger Jacob A , Brar Gurreet , Burks Charles , Wilson Houston 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Navel orangeworm (Pyralidae: Amyelois transitella) is a key pest of almonds and pistachios in California. Moths directly infest nuts which leads to reduced crop yield and quality, and infestation can predispose nuts to fungal pathogens that produce aflatoxins. While several integrated pest management strategies have been developed for A. transitella, studies have recently been initiated to explore the use of sterile insect technique (SIT) as an additional control tool. Mass-rearing, sterilization, and transportation methods originally developed for Pectinophora gossypiella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) are currently being used for production of A. transitella in a mass-rearing facility, but the impacts of these processes on performance of A. transitella remain unclear. In this study, computerized flight mills were used to evaluate multiple flight parameters of mass-reared and irradiated A. transitella males and females relative to non-irradiated mass-reared moths and two strains of locally reared moths which were neither mass-reared nor irradiated. Mass-reared non-irradiated females performed similarly to both strains of locally reared females, flying a mean 9.4–11.8 km per night, whereas mass-reared and irradiated males and mass-reared non-irradiated males all flew shorter distances, in the range of 3.0–6.7 km per night. All of the mass-reared moths compared to locally reared moths had significantly more non-fliers that did not engage in more than two minutes of continuous flight. Findings from this study suggest that mass-rearing conditions reduce A. transitella flight capacity, while irradiation interacts with moths in a sex-specific manner.
Cytoplasmic Mislocalization of RNA Polymerase II Subunit RPB1 in Alzheimer Disease Is Linked to Pathologic Tau
Authors: Dickson John R , Yoon Hyejin , Frosch Matthew P , Hyman Bradley T 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Abnormal protein accumulation and mislocalization is a general hallmark of Alzheimer disease. Recent data suggest nucleocytoplasmic transport may be compromised by tau in Alzheimer disease. In this context, we have examined the RNA polymerase II subunit RPB1, which is the catalytic subunit that plays a critical role in transcription. Using immunofluorescence staining in control and Alzheimer disease hippocampal tissue, we show that 2 phosphoisoforms of RPB1 mislocalize from the nucleus to the cytoplasm of neurons in Alzheimer disease. The number of neurons with this cytoplasmic mislocalization is correlated with the burden of pathologic tau (AT8-immunopositive neurons). In order to test whether there is a causal relationship between pathologic tau and cytoplasmic RPB1 accumulation, we used the rTg4510 mouse model, which expresses a regulatable pathologic human tau species harboring the P301L mutation. Using immunofluorescence staining on brain tissue from young (2.5-month-old) and aged (8.5- to 10-month-old) rTg4510 mice, we found a tau- and age-dependent increase in cytoplasmic mislocalization of Rpb1. In summary, this study provides evidence that tau induces mislocalization of RPB1 in Alzheimer disease, and since RPB1 is essential for transcription, this raises the possibility that RPB1 mislocalization could lead to fundamental alterations in neuronal health.
Assessment of cellular and molecular changes in the rat brain after gamma radiation and radioprotection by anisomycin
Authors: Kočović Dušica M , Bajuk-Bogdanović Danica , Pećinar Ilinka , Nedeljković Biljana Božić , Daković Marko , Andjus Pavle R 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe objective of the study was to describe cellular and molecular markers of radioprotection by anisomycin, focusing on the changes in rat brain tissue. Two-month-old Wistar rats were exposed to a 60Co radiation source at a dose of 6 Gy, with or without radioprotection with anisomycin (150 mg/kg) administered subcutaneously 30 min before or 3 or 6 h after irradiation. Survivors were analyzed 30 days after treatment. Astroglial and microglial responses were investigated based on the expression of glial markers assessed with immunohistochemistry, and quantitative changes in brain biomolecules were investigated by Raman microspectroscopy. In addition, blood plasma levels of pro-inflammatory (interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor α) and anti-inflammatory (interleukin 10) cytokines were assessed. We found that application of anisomycin either before or after irradiation significantly decreased the expression of the microglial marker Iba-1. We also found an increased intensity of Raman spectral bands related to nucleic acids, as well as an increased level of cytokines when anisomycin was applied after irradiation. This suggests that the radioprotective effects of anisomycin are by decreasing Iba-1 expression and stabilizing genetic material by increasing the level of nucleic acids.
Modified gastrostomy feeding tubes in patients with oesophageal cancer: our experience from Northern Tanzania
Authors: Lodhia Jay , Suleiman Jamil , Chipongo Hillary , Shadrack Mathayo , Msuya David , Chilonga Kondo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Surgeons in resource-limited settings have adapted to overcome the challenges of the limitations of resources using different available methods and inventions from the local environment. We report four cases of oesophageal cancer palliatively treated with improvised gastrostomy feeding tubes by using 24Fr urinary catheters, to optimize their nutritional status to withstand chemotherapy/radiotherapy. Two patients managed to begin chemo and radiotherapy, but only one out of the four survived. The aim of this report is to appraise the methods used by surgeons to overcome the challenges they face in clinical practice.
AINTEGUMENTA and AINTEGUMENTA-LIKE6 directly regulate floral homeotic, growth, and vascular development genes in young Arabidopsis flowers
Authors: Krizek Beth A , Bantle Alexis T , Heflin Jorman M , Han Han , Freese Nowlan H , Loraine Ann E 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Arabidopsis flower primordia give rise to organ primordia in stereotypical positions within four concentric whorls. Floral organ primordia in each whorl undergo distinct developmental programs to become one of four organ types (sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels). The Arabidopsis transcription factors AINTEGUMENTA (ANT) and AINTEGUMENTA-LIKE6 (AIL6) are required for correct positioning of floral organ initiation, contribute to the specification of floral organ identity, and regulate the growth and morphogenesis of developing floral organs. To gain insight into the molecular mechanisms by which ANT and AIL6 contribute to floral organogenesis, we identified the genome-wide binding sites of both ANT and AIL6 in stage 3 flower primordia, the developmental stage at which sepal primordia become visible and class B and C floral homeotic genes are first expressed. AIL6 binds to a subset of ANT sites, suggesting that AIL6 regulates some but not all of the same target genes as ANT. ANT- and AIL6-binding sites are associated with genes involved in many biological processes related to meristem and flower organ development. Comparison of genes associated with both ANT and AIL6 ChIP-Seq peaks and those differentially expressed after perturbation of ANT and/or AIL6 activity identified likely direct targets of ANT and AIL6 regulation. These include class B and C floral homeotic genes, growth regulatory genes, and genes involved in vascular development.
Efficacy and safety of isavuconazole compared with voriconazole as primary antifungal prophylaxis in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant recipients
Authors: Bogler Yael , Stern Anat , Su Yiqi , Lee Yeon Joo , Seo Susan K , Shaffer Brian , Perales Miguel-Angel , Papanicolaou Genovefa A , Neofytos Dionysios 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT

Voriconazole is frequently discontinued prematurely as primary antifungal prophylaxis (AFP) in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients due to adverse events. Limited data exists for isavuconazole as AFP. We analyzed adult HCT recipients who received voriconazole or isavuconazole AFP to estimate rate of premature AFP discontinuation, identify risk factors for premature AFP discontinuation, and compare incidence of invasive fungal infection (IFI) and survival at day + 180 post-HCT between patients who received voriconazole/isavuconazole-AFP. This was a propensity score matched cohort analysis of 210 HCT-recipients who received voriconazole-AFP (9/1/2014-12/31/2016; voriconazole-cohort), and 95 HCT-recipients who received isavuconazole-AFP (5/1/2017-10/31/2018; isavuconazole-cohort). AFP discontinuation for any reason prior to completion was defined as “premature”. Median (interquartile range, IQR) duration of AFP was longer in the isavuconazole-cohort (94 days, 87–100) vs. the voriconazole-cohort (76 days, 23–94; P-value &lt; 0.0001). Premature AFP discontinuation was more frequent in the voriconazole-cohort (92/210, 43.8%) vs. the isavuconazole-cohort (14/95, 14.7%; P-value &lt; 0.0001). The most common reason for premature discontinuation was biochemical hepatotoxicity (voriconazole-cohort: 48/210, 22.8% vs. isavuconazole-cohort: 5/95, 5.26%; P-value = 0.0002). Transaminase values between baseline and end-of-treatment (EOT) and up to 14 days post-EOT significantly increased in the voriconazole-cohort, but remained unchanged in the isavuconazole-cohort. The incidence of IFI at day + 180 was 2.9% (6/210) and 3.2% (3/95) in the voriconazole-cohort and isavuconazole-cohort, respectively (P-value = 0.881). All-cause mortality at day + 180 was 2.4% (5/210) and 6.3% (6/95) in the voriconazole-cohort and isavuconazole-cohort, respectively (P-value = 0.089). When compared to voriconazole, isavuconazole was a safer and as effective primary AFP during the first 3 months after HCT.

Lay Summary
When compared to voriconazole, isavuconazole is a safer and as effective primary antifungal prophylaxis during the first 3 months after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant, with lower rates of hepatotoxicity, and similar rates of fungal infections and all-cause mortality.
Shattering as a source of small grains in the circum-galactic medium
Authors: Hirashita Hiroyuki , Lan Ting-Wen 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
Observed reddening in the circum-galactic medium (CGM) indicates a significant abundance of small grains, of which the origin is still to be clarified. We examine a possible path of small-grain production through shattering of pre-existing large grains in the CGM. Possible sites where shattering occurs on a reasonable time-scale are cool clumps with hydrogen number density nH ∼ 0.1 cm−3 and gas temperature Tgas ∼ 104 K, which are shown to exist through observations of Mg ii absorbers. We calculate the evolution of grain size distribution in physical conditions appropriate for cool clumps in the CGM, starting from a large-grain-dominated distribution suggested from theoretical studies. With an appropriate gas turbulence model expected from the physical condition of cold clumps (maximum eddy size and velocity of ∼100 pc and 10 km s−1, respectively), together with the above gas density and temperature and the dust-to-gas mass ratio inferred from observations (0.006), we find that small-grain production occurs on a time-scale (a few × 108 yr) comparable to the lifetime of cool clumps derived in the literature. Thus, the physical conditions of the cool clouds are favourable for small-grain production. We also confirm that the reddening becomes significant on the above time-scale. Therefore, we conclude that small-grain production by shattering is a probable cause for the observed reddening in the CGM. We also mention the effect of grain materials (or their mixtures) on the reddening at different redshifts (1 and 2).
Performing Identities and Performing Relationships: Community Music Therapy and Adolescent Mental Health
Authors: Mitchell Elizabeth 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This article explores the “Coffee House,” a community music therapy performance event held biannually at an adolescent mental health treatment facility in Southwestern Ontario, Canada. In this paper, I draw upon techniques and theory from narrative inquiry in order to investigate the experiences and perspectives of 7 adolescent clients and 11 staff members who participated in the event as performers and audience members. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed through qualitative coding; the participants’ voices are presented here. Building upon a previous article, in which I attribute the Coffee House’s success to its participatory ethos, this article examines the impact of performing upon participants’ musical and personal identities as well as upon their relationships with others at the facility. The shifts and transformations that took place within youths’ identities were interdependent with the relational features of the performance context; expansions in youths’ self-identities were indelibly connected to staff members’ expanded perspectives on these youths, afforded through witnessing their performances. Participants’ narratives validate not only the ways in which identity and relationship intersect, but also the way in which musical performance’s impact upon identity and relationship is uniquely musical.
Ubiquitin-dependent Argonauteprotein MEL1 degradation is essential for rice sporogenesis and phasiRNA target regulation
Authors: Lian Jian-Ping , Yang Yu-Wei , He Rui-Rui , Yang Lu , Zhou Yan-Fei , Lei Meng-Qi , Zhang Zhi , Huang Jia-Hui , Cheng Yu , Liu Yu-Wei , Zhang Yu-Chan , Chen Yue-Qin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMEIOSIS ARRESTED AT LEPTOTENE1 (MEL1), a rice (Oryza sativa) Argonaute (AGO) protein, has been reported to function specifically at premeiotic and meiotic stages of germ cell development and is associated with a novel class of germ cell-specific small noncoding RNAs called phased small RNAs (phasiRNAs). MEL1 accumulation is temporally and spatially regulated and is eliminated after meiosis. However, the metabolism and turnover (i.e. the homeostasis) of MEL1 during germ cell development remains unknown. Here, we show that MEL1 is ubiquitinated and subsequently degraded via the proteasome pathway in vivo during late sporogenesis. Abnormal accumulation of MEL1 after meiosis leads to a semi-sterile phenotype. We identified a monocot-specific E3 ligase, XBOS36, a CULLIN RING-box protein, that is responsible for the degradation of MEL1. Ubiquitination at four K residues at the N terminus of MEL1 by XBOS36 induces its degradation. Importantly, inhibition of MEL1 degradation either by XBOS36 knockdown or by MEL1 overexpression prevents the formation of pollen at the microspore stage. Further mechanistic analysis showed that disrupting MEL1 homeostasis in germ cells leads to off-target cleavage of phasiRNA target genes. Our findings thus provide insight into the communication between a monocot-specific E3 ligase and an AGO protein during plant reproductive development.
Sleepiness is a signal to go to bed: data and model simulations
Authors: Shochat Tamar , Santhi Nayantara , Herer Paula , Dijk Derk-Jan , Skeldon Anne C 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Study Objectives
Assess the validity of a subjective measure of sleepiness as an indicator of sleep drive by quantifying associations between intraindividual variation in evening sleepiness and bedtime, sleep duration, and next morning and subsequent evening sleepiness, in young adults.

Methods
Sleep timing and sleepiness were assessed in 19 students in late autumn and late spring on a total of 771 days. Karolinska Sleepiness Scales (KSS) were completed at half-hourly intervals at fixed clock times starting 4 h prior to participants’ habitual bedtime, and in the morning. Associations between sleepiness and sleep timing were evaluated by mixed model and nonparametric approaches and simulated with a mathematical model for the homeostatic and circadian regulation of sleepiness.

Results
Intraindividual variation in evening sleepiness was very large, covering four or five points on the 9-point KSS scale, and was significantly associated with subsequent sleep timing. On average, a one point higher KSS value was followed by 20 min earlier bedtime, which led to 11 min longer sleep, which correlated with lower sleepiness next morning and the following evening. Associations between sleepiness and sleep timing were stronger in early compared to late sleepers. Model simulations indicated that the directions of associations between sleepiness and sleep timing are in accordance with their homeostatic and circadian regulation, even though much of the variance in evening sleepiness and details of its time course remain unexplained by the model.

Conclusion
Subjective sleepiness is a valid indicator of the drive for sleep which, if acted upon, can reduce insufficient sleep.
Pathway engineering for high-yield production of lutein in Escherichia coli
Authors: Takemura Miho , Kubo Akiko , Watanabe Asuka , Sakuno Hanayo , Minobe Yuka , Sahara Takehiko , Murata Masahiro , Araki Michihiro , Harada Hisashi , Terada Yoshinobu , Yaoi Katsuro , Ohdan Kohji , Misawa Norihiko 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Lutein is an industrially important carotenoid pigment, which is essential for photoprotection and photosynthesis in plants. Lutein is crucial for maintaining human health due to its protective ability from ocular diseases. However, its pathway engineering research has scarcely been performed for microbial production using heterologous hosts, such as Escherichia coli, since the engineering of multiple genes is required. These genes, which include tricky key carotenoid biosynthesis genes typically derived from plants, encode two sorts of cyclases (lycopene ε- and β-cyclase) and cytochrome P450 CYP97C. In this study, upstream genes effective for the increase in carotenoid amounts, such as isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase (IDI) gene, were integrated into the E. coli JM101 (DE3) genome. The most efficient set of the key genes (MpLCYe, MpLCYb and MpCYP97C) was selected from among the corresponding genes derived from various plant (or bacterial) species using E. coli that had accumulated carotenoid substrates. Furthermore, to optimize the production of lutein in E. coli, we introduced several sorts of plasmids that contained some of the multiple genes into the genome-inserted strain and compared lutein productivity. Finally, we achieved 11 mg/l as lutein yield using a mini jar. Here, the high-yield production of lutein was successfully performed using E. coli through approaches of pathway engineering. The findings obtained here should be a base reference for substantial lutein production with microorganisms in the future.
L5 Partial Pedicle Subtraction Osteotomy in High Pelvic Incidence Patients: A New Way to Manage Lordosis
Authors: Grobost Pierre , Chevillotte Thomas , Schlösser Tom , Silvestre Clément , Roussouly Pierre 
Published: May 2021

Introduction:
Numerous corrective osteotomy techniques have been reported in lumbar area. Owing to mechanical difficulties and reputation of higher neurological risk, L5 pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO) has been poorly used and described. Until now, there was no reported specific method of PSO in L5 to manage the shape of the lordosis with respect of local anatomy. The objective of this study was to describe a new partial PSO technique in L5 to manage the lower arc of lordosis in high pelvic incidence patients with fixed sagittal imbalance.

Materials and Methods:
We describe, here, the surgical technique for a partial PSO at L5 level and the associated technique of instrumentation and correction of lordosis.

Results:
Two different cases were reviewed retrospectively to illustrate this new technique to manage lordosis. The described technique is feasible either in first intention or in a revision surgery. Radiologic results on lordosis and sagittal balance are exposed.

Conclusion:
A partial resection of the pedicles at L5 is often sufficient to create enough lordosis, maybe more effective than complete L3 and L4 PSO for restoration of sagittal balance and less aggressive than complete L5 PSO.
Children with Cerebral Palsy and Unmet Need for Care Coordination
Authors: Casseus Myriam , Cheng JenFu 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
To examine the physical and functional health of children with cerebral palsy (CP) and determine the prevalence and correlates of unmet need for health care coordination among this population.

Methods:
We analyzed data from the 2016 to 2018 National Survey of Children's Health (n = 102,341). Bivariate and multivariable analyses were conducted to compare the prevalence of chronic health conditions, functional disabilities, and care coordination among children with and without CP. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the adjusted odds ratio of comorbid conditions, functional disabilities, and unmet need for care coordination. Associations between select sociodemographic factors and unmet need for care coordination were assessed.

Results:
Children with CP had significantly higher prevalence of all the comorbid conditions and functional disabilities examined. The most prevalent health conditions among children with CP were allergies (34.2%), anxiety (26.5%), and asthma (25.1%). Notably, children with CP had higher odds of autism spectrum disorder (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.97; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.40–6.30) and mental health conditions (aOR = 3.65; 95% CI 2.15–6.21). More than half (53.8%) of children with CP had unmet need for care coordination. They also had higher odds of unmet need for care coordination than children without CP (aOR = 2.63; 95% CI 1.69–4.10).

Conclusion:
Children with CP have high prevalence of chronic health conditions and are also more likely to have unmet need for care coordination. Given the complexity of CP, our study supports the need for robust efforts to ensure that all children with CP have effective care coordination.
Global Trends in Telehealth Among Clinicians in Developmental-Behavioral Pediatric Practice: A COVID-19 Snapshot
Authors: Srinivasan Roopa , Wallis Kate E. , Soares Neelkamal 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
This study aims to describe the extent of telehealth use by global developmental-behavioral pediatrics (DBP) clinicians and barriers (if any) in adopting telehealth during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Methods:
A survey was disseminated to DBP clinicians through contact with international professional organizations to determine the use of telehealth in DBP care, before and since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. Descriptive statistics and χ2 tests were used for analysis.

Results:
A total of 271 respondents from 38 countries completed the survey. The number of respondents offering telehealth increased from 36% to 88% after the pandemic, with the greatest shift to telehealth among high-income countries (HICs). Among respondents using telehealth, 75.1% were conducting interactive video visits, with HICs using more telehealth modalities embedded in electronic health records. Most patients (98.7%) were at home for the telehealth encounter. Almost half (46.5%) could not include an interpreter in telehealth visits. Barriers reported by telehealth users included concerns about limited patient access to technology (74.3%), home environment distractions (56.5%), preference for in-person care (53.6%), telehealth effectiveness (48.1%), workflow efficiency (42.2%), and cost/reimbursement (32.1%).

Conclusion:
Global DBP clinicians rapidly adopted telehealth and continued to have interprofessional practice while doing so, with the largest adoption occurring in HICs. Provider concerns about effectiveness and patient access to technology emerged as key organizational and patient barriers, respectively. Increased provider confidence in telehealth and its sustained use in the future depends on supportive regulatory policies and availability and use of measures to monitor quality and effectiveness.