bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a small scale cartesian coordinate farming robot with deep learning based weed detection
Authors: Rajalakshmi T S , Panikulam Patrick , Sharad Patil Kshunotra , Nair Rajeev Ravindran 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Automated Cartesian coordinated farming is a system designed for agricultural purposes. Being one of the trends of development on automation and intelligence in the agricultural machinery, this system is able to perform certain basic elementary functions like seed sowing, spraying, watering, etc. The idea of robotics technology is being applied in agriculture. This is being designed in minimizing the labor of farmers apart from increasing the speed and accuracy of the work. A scalable Cartesian coordinate based system is modeled, which can take care of a particular area of farm land or a garden until it is time for harvesting. The system starts by planting individual seeds at predetermined locations and then automatically waters it with the exact amount required for each type of plant. It has the ability to measure soil humidity and rainfall so that water can be used depending upon on the nature of the day. The proposed system makes use of a YOLO (You Only Look Once) object detection technique to detect weeds. YOLO processes plant images at 45 frames per second in real-time, which is faster than other object detection techniques. Here, the image is divided into several grid cells before being processed. The bounding boxes as well as the class probabilities are predicted by one single neural network, in a single evaluation. This effectively boosts the speed and accuracy of weed detection.
Design and development of a low-cost pole climbing robot using Arduino Mega
Authors: Khairam H , Choong Y M , Ismadi N S N , Othman W A F W , Wahab A A A , Alhady S S N 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Nowadays, climbing robots are widely used in industrial and hazardous environments for inspection purposes. On the other hand, the Pole climbing robot can help workers fix maintenance, power transmission, etc. This article aims to design and fabricate an autonomous pole climbing robot, which can climb upward/downward a pole. The robot has two grippers at the top and bottom of the robot body, climbing along a pole by alternating release/grip mechanism. The robot body and robot grippers are fabricated using a rapid prototyping machine using PLA material. The prototype of the robot is tested on a pole of diameter 110 cm. The average time taken for the robot to climb 40 cm on a straight pole is 18.18 s and 17.21 s for upward and downward motion, respectively.
Applications of compliant mechanism in today’s world – A review
Authors: Jagtap S P , Deshmukh B B , Pardeshi S 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In the world of globalization & competitive market there is demand of alternative designs with improved quality, economy & safety. Emerging designs of compliant mechanisms making noticeable contribution to economize cost of production. Compliant mechanism derives their mobility through deflection of flexible members opposite to the conventional rigid body mechanism. The integration of functions into fewer parts, compliant mechanisms offer significant advantages such as fewer parts, less wear, noise & backlash. Researchers expects this field will grow enormously due to advances in the compliant mechanism theory, development of materials with superior quality & advancement in 3D printing technology in the recent years. Recently many familiar examples of compliant mechanism are used in transportation, aerospace, micro-mechanism, biomedical, hand held tools, MEMS & robotics industry. The objective of the current work is to study compliant mechanisms & their applications in various fields communicated by various researchers.
Development of Laser Beam Machining using Power Diode Laser for leather cutting application
Authors: Vasanth S , Muthuramalingam T 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLeather is a robust, durable and stretchy material created by tanning animal rawhide and skins. It is used to make variety of articles including footwear, bags, fashion accessories, furniture etc. The conventional method of cutting leather is a tiresome process. Laser diode technology offers advantages in cutting intricate geometries, stable cutting quality and potential to make the most use of leather product effectively. In this study, the machinability of leather using diode based laser beam machining and surface quality of the leather product have also been examined. The goal is to acquire the thermal effect caused by the laser at the cut contour edges. Buffalo leather has been taken as specimens in the present study. While cutting leather, it has been. proposed that diode based Laser Beam Machining minimize carbonization layer more than traditional machining.
PCIE IP Validation Process Across Process Corner, Voltage and Temperature Conditions
Authors: Karim N. I. A. , Wahab Aeizaal Azman A. , Nazli Alhady Syed Sahal , Wajdi Othman Wan Amir Fuad , Husin Hazmarini 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
IP validation has become more challenging for FPGA device as it supports high operating speed. PCIe is an IP used for high-speed data transfer. The link training and Initialization takes place at physical layer to initialize the link width and link data rate. The physical layer is getting more complex when it supports higher speed. The stability of link training is improved by optimizing the soft logic design in application layer. Two protocol tests usually validated in industry are link up testing and link & higher layer testing. Debugging tools supported by Quartus are fully utilized to detect any failure during link training. The characterization of link performance covers process corners, voltage and temperature conditions are hard to analyse. The H0 statement shows a significant difference for passing and failing case. The p-value is greater than 0.05 proved H0 statement is accepted. The difference on passing and failing percentage is insignificantly impacting overall link performance of PCIe. It concludes that the bug is random and not caused by any defects on the silicon layout of FPGA device. Thus, IP validation shows the robustness of the device and able to comply with base specification of PCIe.
Unmanned System for Gasoline Level Monitoring
Authors: Paputungan Irving V , Dhiaulhaq Faiz , Oktiawati Unan Y , Setiaji Hari 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In order to ensure the remaining volume of liquid inside a tank that is normally checked manually and frequently, an unmanned monitoring system is proposed. The proposed system is developed based on the concept of Internet of Things (IoT). This paper presents a prototype for tank level monitoring. The prototype utilises SRF HC-SR04 sensor to measure the liquid level. Arduino Uno microcontroller is implemented to assist the data processing before any notification is sent to the user. The remaining liquid volume and LED notification are shown as the output of the prototype. Some testing have been conducted to observe if the prototype works fine and to measure any error during implementation. Result shows that the relative error is less than 2% and the standard deviation is less than 5%.
Comparative Analysis of Convolutional Neural Network Architectures for Real Time COVID-19 Facial Mask Detection
Authors: Lad Akash Manish , Mishra Anubhav , Rajagopalan Arul 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The late 2019 outbreak of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) had an indelible imprint on the humanity. The world is recovering from the outbreak but there is danger of a second wave of the outbreak. To get rid of the outbreak it is necessary to prevent the viral transmission and it is need of the hour to maintain social distancing and wear masks in public areas. The governments are providing strict guidelines to wear masks in public places. It is not manually feasible to check if people are wearing masks or not. In this paper, process of detecting face masks in public places is automated using Convolutional Neural Networks by performing comparative analysis on Sequential bi-layered CNN, VGG-16 CNN and MobileNetV2 CNN architectures. Among these three architectures MobileNetV2 outperformed with a performance accuracy of 99.2%. The efficient Deep Learning architecture of detecting face masks can be achieved with the help of IoT (Internet of Things) devices and cameras, of those who are not following guidelines in public places. Such a system is very useful in post outbreak period and can be installed in public places such as Railway Stations, Airports, Parks, Schools, colleges, offices etc. to track and ensure wearing of masks by people. The contribution of this paper is not to reel-off the finding from the original paper on Face Mask detection with various architectures rather to provide results on the efficiency of using the MobileNetV2 architecture in comparison with Sequential CNN and VGG-16 architectures for crowd analysis mask detection.
Meta-heuristic Algorithms for Resource Allocation in Cloud
Authors: Nanda Mamta , Kumar Ashok 
Published: July 2021

AbstractResource allocation in cloud computing is inherently a challenging task due to the increase in the number of cloud users working on multifarious cloud applications in some of the infrastructure. The majority of resource allocation techniques existing till have focus on providing performance driven by the workload of the applications from diverse domains like scientific and business. This paper presents a detailed review of meta-heuristics algorithms for resource allocation in cloud computing environment. The reviewed meta-heuristic algorithms are capable of achieving much higher performance, reduction in a cost, reduction in time, improve utilization of resources, improve energy efficiency while resource allocation in cloud.
Physical Distancing and Temperature Sensing Bracelet
Authors: Khairam H , Alhady S S N , Liang W Z , Jing J L Y , Ling W P , Vivian N J V , Othman W A F W , Wahab A A A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The world is enduring difficulties in numerous fields because of this Coronavirus pandemic flare-up. All government had played it safe to forestall the infection transmission, for example, rehearsing social distancing and temperature checking before entering any preface just as declaring a lockdown. Notwithstanding, the 1-meter distance is not straightforward to estimate by unaided eyes, and it is difficult to carry along a meter rule regularly. Subsequently, inadvertently connect with others. Therefore, this would build our danger of getting contaminated by the COVID-19 infection. Moreover, the thermometer put at each person’s passageway has the threat of causing disease since numerous individuals share it. Regardless of whether a specialist is appointed to quantify guests’ temperature, the person does not have the option to keep up the guest’s social distance when taking temperature. In this research, a sensing bracelet proposed to determine physical distancing and temperature. The bracelet has two fundamental capacities. It can continually screen distance among client and others utilising a sensor. It will warn the client to keep up social distancing and avoid swarmed places when it distinguishes individuals under 1 meter. Second, it has a temperature sensor to determine the client’s internal heat level and will ring to caution the client if the internal heat level is more than 37.5°C. The experiment conducted able to achieve the requirement for a physical distancing.
Adaptive Headlight Control System
Authors: Mahadevan Raj Kumar , Gurusamy Muralimohan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This research paper focuses on the new method of a retrofittable Adaptive Headlight Control System (AHS) for automobiles like car, trucks, etc., Adaptive headlight system is the technology where the headlights can adjust their illuminating radius with respect to the steering angle and able to self-level its position depending upon the terrain and intensity of light beam changes dynamically high or low according to the oncoming vehicle. This system also considers the benefit of other motorists on the road. In the existing system, mechanical links are incorporated with the front lighting system and steering wheel, and the angle of light will change according to the requirements and the cost of this system is high which is mostly used in higher-end vehicles. In this study an attempt is made to develop a adaptive headlight system which can be retrofitted in an existing model of an automobile providing improved illuminating angles and light visibility under various terrain and road conditions. The proposed AHS system could be useful for applications like different lighting beams (low, high) and also for levelling operations. This system could be a better replacement for conventional headlights seen in low, mid-end cars and would help in the prevention of accidents especially during night driving.
A novel acceleration-based mode selection approach in mild hybrid vehicles
Authors: Shanu Pataparambath Noyalraj , Senthilkumar Subramaniam 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
When the regulations were first formulated in 2008, one of the potential way’s automakers were supposed to meet the goal of 95g CO2/km by 2020/21 was the hybridization of vehicles. Market participants and customers are becoming more interested in electric vehicles. Infrastructure, high-power device complexity, driving distance and requirements for protection all seem to be obstacles that will take longer than anticipated to integrate, followed by fuel cell vehicles, which will be the new significant thing, particularly in the commercial vehicle segment. As an outcome, hybrid vehicles with 48V architecture are perceived as the forerunners of complete electrification. It outperforms traditional in terms of fuel efficiency and high voltage hybrids in terms of price and time-to-market. Evaluating a control approach for torque management between the motor and engine and mode change decision, namely, from electric to the hybrid mode or likewise, is a major challenge for automotive service providers for hybrid electric cars. Each of these dynamics will directly affect fuel efficiency and manoeuvrability, notably during mode transition. Research work presented and examines a new idea for improved driving dynamics on a P3 mild gasoline car in Modified Indian Driving Cycle (MIDC) 1ST stage (urban) under system constraints such as sustaining 12V battery voltage, lower battery 48V SOC, and so on. The novel method that has been implemented is focused on two techniques. I. A modified Adaptive Equivalent fuel consumption minimization strategy for the engine’s and the motor’s power distribution, and II) A rules-based mode change decision.
Kinematics reconstruction of the EAS-like events registered by the TUS detector
Authors: Sharakin S. , Ruiz Hernandez O.I. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The Tracking Ultraviolet Set-up (TUS) is the world’s first orbital imaging detector of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECR) and it operated in 2016–2017 as part of the scientific equipment of the Lomonosov satellite. The TUS was developed and manufactured as a prototype of the larger project K-EUSO with the main purpose of testing the efficiency of the method for measuring the ultraviolet signal of extensive air shower (EAS) in the Earth’s night atmosphere. Despite the low spatial resolution (∼5 × 5  km2 at sea level), several events were recorded which are very similar to EAS as for the signal profile and kinematics. Reconstruction of the parameters of such events is complicated by a short track length, an asymmetry of the image, and an uncertainty in the sensitivity distribution of the TUS channels. An advanced method was developed for the determination of event kinematic parameters including its arrival direction. In the present article, this method is applied for the analysis of 6 EAS-like events recorded by the TUS detector. All events have an out of space arrival direction with zenith angles less than 40°. Remarkably they were found to be over the land rather close to United States airports, which indicates a possible anthropogenic nature of the phenomenon. Detailed analysis revealed a correlation of the reconstructed tracks with direction to airport runways and Very High Frequency (VHF) omnidirectional range stations. The method developed here for reliable reconstruction of kinematic parameters of the track-like events, registered in low spatial resolution, will be useful in future space missions, such as K-EUSO.
Identification of growth hormone receptor (GHR|AluI) gene polymorphism in grati-madura cattle and pamekasan-madura cattle population
Authors: Hartati  , Hapsari Angga Ardhati Rani , Rahmadani Sri Putri , Widiyawati Retno 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The growth traits were one of the important economic characteristics in beef cattle. One of the growth genes that was suspected as a gene candidate for marker assisted selection (MAS) in Madura cattle was the growth receptor gene (GHR). This study aim was to detect the level of GHR gene polymorphism in Grati-Madura cattle and Pamekasan-Madura cattle populations. A total 86 blood samples of Madura cattle have been collected from the experimental barn of Beef Cattle Research Station and 51 blood samples of Madura cattle from Community Farms in Waru Subdistrict, Pamekasan Madura Regency. Blood samples were isolated using a zymo extraction kit. Detection of GHR growth hormone gene diversity using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method with AluI restriction enzymes. Data analysis used Chi-Square test for genotype, allele frequencies and Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE). The analysis result showed that GHR genes was detected 3 genotypes namely AA, AG and GG, each with an allele frequency of 0.267, 0.733 and 0.559, 0.441, this shows that the population of Grati-Madura cattle and Pamekasan-Madura cattle were polymorphic with PIC values of 0.315 and 0.372 respectively and were in the moderate category. The observed genotype frequencies in Grati Madura population deviated from HWE, while in Pamekasan madura population was not deviated from HWE. The value of Ho, He PIC and Ne were 0.394, 0.392, 0.315, 1.886 and 0.498, 0.493, 0.372, 1.973 respectively. In conclusion, The GHR gene polymorphism in Grati-Madura cattle and Pamekasan-Madura cattle were polymorphic and very informative so that can be used as gene candidate for MAS.
In vitro evaluation of black potato tubers mixed with Lactobacillus plantarum as a synbiotics for duck
Authors: Sumarsih Sri , Fuskhah Eny 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The objective of the study was to evaluated in vitro evaluation of black potato tubers mixed with Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) as a synbiotics for duck. The completely randomized design with 3 treaments and 15 replications was used in the research. The treatments were T0 = black potato flour, T1 = black potato flour + 5 % L. plantarum, T2 = black potato flour + 10 % L. plantarum. The parameters were LAB viability, pH and total acid of black potato tubers mixed with L. plantarum as a ynbiotics. The Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (α=5%) and Duncan multiple range test. Result showed that total LAB and total acid were significantly (p<0.05) increased but the pH were significantly (p<0.05) decreased. The black potato flour with added 5% L. plantarum T2 was the best treatment with LAB viability of 6.8 x 109 CFU/g, pH of 4.68 and 0.85% total acid. The conclusion was the total LAB and total acid of black potato flour were increased but the pH were decreased with added 5% L. plantarum.
Plant growth promoter produced by Trichoderma virens and its effect on mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) seedling
Authors: Inayati A , Setyowati L , Aini L Q , Yusnawan E 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Trichoderma virens has great potency as promising biocontrol agents. As many as seven of T. virens strains which are effective to control soil borne pathogens are evaluated in this study for its capability to promote mungbean growth. In vitro evaluation showed that all strains were able to produce relatively high Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and performed effective phosphate solubilizing activity. IAA produced in Czapek dox agar varied from 5.2 μg mL −1 to 71.5 μg mL −1. Phosphate solubilizing activity showed after 2 days of incubation and the highest activity in plate assay was detected after 6 days after incubation. Phosphate solubilizing activity varied from 0.82 μg mL −1 to 4.69 μg mL −1. In planta study showed that T. virens Tv3 and Tv4 triggered the increase of IAA synthase in mungbean seedling as well as plant height and root length. A positive correlation was observed between IAA synthase of roots and several growth parameters (root fresh weight, plant height, and root length). Therefore, these two strains of T. virens could be suggested as plant growth promoters on mungbean.
Yield performance of several peanut genotypes under two different soil moisture availabilities during plant growth
Authors: Rahmianna Agustina Asri , Purnomo Joko , Nuryati  
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Peanut is relatively tolerant to drought stress but the pod yield is influenced by soil moisture availability especially during its critical phases. The experiment was objected to study yield response of genotypes and their tolerance to drought stress during generative growth stage. The experiment was conducted at Muneng Research Station, East Java with D3 climate type. The experiment was undertaken during dry season to avoid interference from rains to the treatment. The split-plot design with three replications was applied. The main plot was watering treatment i.e. water available during the growing season and water available during vegetative growth (up to 50 DAS). The subplots were 20 peanut genotypes. Weeding, pest and disease controls were intensively undertaken. The results indicated that the average dry pod yield of 20 genotypes under well watered and drought stress treatments were 2.345 t and 1.585 t/ha. Based on MP, GMP, STI, RED, TOL, and SSI it can be concluded that G1 and G12 were genotypes with high yield and drought tolerant but huge yield reduction under water-stressed condition. G8 was drought tolerant genotype with little yield reduction under stress condition. G11 was susceptible to drought with low productivity and low yield reduction under stress condition.
Extract of fermentated plants to increased content of vitamin c, total phenol and antioxidant of mustard greens
Authors: Yusuf Rachmiwati , Fuadi Indra , Istina Ida Nur , Swastika Sri , Fahri Anis 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Research on the application of fermented plant extracts to increase the antioxidants of mustard greens has taken in the experimental garden of Horticulture Seed Center in Riau Province, from June to October 2018. This study used a completely randomized design with six treatments and three replications. (A) = neem leaves; (B) = sour-sop leaves; (C) = the crown of the god; (D) = lemongrass; (E) = mixture of plant extracts (neem leaves, sour-sop leaves, god’s crown fruit and lemongrass); and (F) = control. The parameters observed in this study were vitamin C content (mg/100 g), total phenol content (mg/100 g) and total antioxidant activity (% inhibition). The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of several kinds of plant extracts (neem leaves, soursop leaves, god’s crown fruit and lemongrass and a mixture of several plant extracts) fermented with EM4 on levels of vitamin C, total phenol content and antioxidants of mustard greens. The results showed that in general, the fermented neem leaf treatment provided the highest effectiveness for all parameters compared to other plant extracts, namely vitamin C levels (72,846 mg/100 g), total phenol content (0.074 mg/100 g) and antioxidant (75.230%).