bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiological profile of prostate cancer mortality and access to hospital care in Brazilian regions - an ecological study
Authors: De Sousa Antunes Alcantara Stefanie , Merly Martinelli Patricia , Vinicius de Alcantara Sousa Luiz , Luiz Affonso Fonseca Fernando 
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Due to the high incidence and mortality rates that cancer has, the World Health Organization (WHO) defines it as a public health problem and points out that there are approximately 10 million people affected by cancer, the estimate for the year 2020 will be 16 million of sick individuals.One of the most frequent neoplasms in the world, Prostate Cancer (CaP) (1.1 million), occupies 4th place, being behind only lung cancer (1.8 million), breast (1.7 million), and intestine (1.4 million). In the year 2012, approximately 1,112,000 new global cases of CaP were registered, with about 307,000 deaths.

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological profile of mortality from prostate cancer and the access of patients to health among Brazilian regions.

Methods: Ecological study based on secondary data from between the years 2000 and 2015. Mortality, hospitalization, and population were collected at the DATASUS. The variables were related to the epidemiological profile of CaP among Brazilian regions, stratified by the number of hospitalizations, of deaths, admission fee, mortality rate, and age group (40 to 79 years). The study looks at a time trend and gains access to health and mortality using regression models.

Results: The northern showed a greater decrease in cases from 40-59 years (β: -1,800; -0.46). Southeast, with a small reduction only between 40 and 44 years old (β: -0.345 and p: 0.665). Northeast, South, and Center-West regions did not express a drop in the hospitalization rate, with the greatest growth between 65 and 69 years old (β: 7,862; 11,346; and p> 0.05). The Midwest had the greatest increase between 55 and 59 years (β: 3,660, p: 0.098), followed by 65 to 69 years (β: 3,491, p: 0.314). Mortality rates indicated a reduction in the Southeast (β: - 0.440) and South (β: -0.361).

Conclusion: This study found an association with various environmental and economic cultures in each Brazilian region, being an important resource for the development of health services and their access to the population.
Educación alimentaria familiar, en la mejora de conocimientos, actitudes y control de la hipertensión arteria
Authors: Reyes Paredes Héctor Huildo , Gómez-Gonzales Walter Edgar , Zavaleta Oliver Jenny Zavaleta , Gamarra Bustillos Carlo 
Published: August 2021

Objetivo. Determinar la efcacia del modelo de educación alimentaria familiar en los conocimientos, actitudes y el control de la hipertensión arterial en pacientes asegurados del Hospital I Tingo María- EsSalud, 2019. Métodos. Estudio de diseño cuasiexperimental, con un grupo y dos mediciones exante y expost; la población fue de 645 pacientes con hipertensión arterial y la muestra fue no probabilística conformado por 47 pacientes. Para recolectar los datos se utilizó como técnica la encuesta y como instrumentos tres cuestionarios; para la contrastación de la hipótesis se utilizó la prueba estadística Wilcoxon, McNemar y t de Student. Resultados. En el nivel de conocimiento sobre hipertensión arterial antes de la intervención, un 70,2 % presentó un conocimiento medio y después de la intervención el 89,4 % tenía un conocimiento alto; sobre alimentación saludable, el pretest arrojó un 66,0 % de conocimiento medio y después un 91,5 % alto. Respecto a las actitudes hacia el cuidado y control de la hipertensión arterial, en el pretest el 51,1 % mostraba actitud desfavorable y en el postest el 87,2 % actitud favorable. Respecto a la presión arterial sistólica, antes de la intervención el 85,1 % presentaba > 140 mmHg, presión arterial diastólica y el 51,1 % > de 90 mmHg; después de la intervención, el 78,7 % presentaba PAS < 140 mmHg y el 97,9 % PAD < de 90 mmHg. Conclusiones. El modelo de educación alimentaria familiar es efcaz para mejorar conocimientos, actitudes y control de la hipertensión arterial; contrastada con la prueba t de Student donde el valor t = 11,749 y valor p = 0,000 altamente signifcativo.
H2 Rovibrational Excitation in Protoplanetary Disks and Its Effects on the Chemistry
Authors: Ruaud Maxime 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The effect of H2 rovibrational excitation on the chemistry of protoplanetary disks is studied using a framework that solves for the disk physical and chemical structure and includes a detailed calculation of H2 level populations. Chemistry with rovibrationally excited H2 is found to be important for the formation of several commonly observed species in disks and this work demonstrates the need to accurately treat photon-dominated-region chemistry in disks if we are to make inferences on the chemical state of the disk during planet formation epochs. This is found to be even more critical for molecules like C2H, CN, or HCN that are commonly used to infer changes in the elemental disk C/O and N/O ratios, with implications for planetesimal formation and the composition of exoplanet atmospheres. Computed vertical column densities with the full H2 population calculation are increased by ∼1–2 orders of magnitude for molecules such as CN and HCN/HNC compared to calculations with no treatment of excited H2. For the commonly used pseudo-level approximation, the computed columns of these molecules are overestimated by a factor of ∼3–5 when compared to the full model. We further note that the computed abundance for these molecules strongly depends on the strength of the FUV photons at energies that pump H2 (i.e., 11–13.6 eV), which is not well constrained in disks, and that rate constants as a function of H2 rovibrational levels for the key reaction N + H2 → NH are needed for a more accurate assessment of CN/HCN chemistry but are currently unavailable.
Dynamical Model of the Milky Way Using APOGEE and Gaia Data
Authors: Nitschai Maria Selina , Eilers Anna-Christina , Neumayer Nadine , Cappellari Michele , Rix Hans-Walter 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We construct a dynamical model of the Milky Way disk from a data set that combines Gaia EDR3 and APOGEE data throughout galactocentric radii in the range 5.0 kpc ≤ R ≤ 19.5 kpc. We make use of the spherically aligned Jeans anisotropic method to model the stellar velocities and their velocity dispersions. Building upon our previous work, our model is now fitted to kinematic maps that have been extended to larger galactocentric radii due to the expansion of our data set, probing the outer regions of the Galactic disk. Our best-fitting dynamical model suggests a logarithmic density slope of α
DM = −1.602 ± 0.079syst for the dark matter halo and a dark matter density of ρ
DM(R
⊙) = (8.92 ± 0.56syst) × 10−3
M
⊙ pc−3 (0.339 ± 0.022syst GeV cm3). We estimate a circular velocity at the solar radius of v
circ = (234.7 ± 1.7syst) km s−1 with a decline toward larger radii. The total mass density is ρ
tot(R
⊙) = (0.0672 ± 0.0015syst) M
⊙ pc−3 with a slope of α
tot = −2.367 ± 0.047syst for 5 kpc ≤ R ≤ 19.5 kpc, and the total surface density is Σ(R
⊙, ∣z∣ ≤ 1.1 kpc) = (55.5 ± 1.7syst) M
⊙ pc−2. While the statistical errors are small, the error budget of the derived quantities is dominated by the three to seven times larger systematic uncertainties. These values are consistent with our previous determination, but the systematic uncertainties are reduced due to the extended data set covering a larger spatial extent of the Milky Way disk. Furthermore, we test the influence of nonaxisymmetric features on our resulting model and analyze how a flaring disk model would change our findings.
Outflow Bubbles from Compact Binary Mergers Embedded in Active Galactic Nuclei: Cavity Formation and the Impact on Electromagnetic Counterparts
Authors: Kimura Shigeo S. , Murase Kohta , Bartos Imre 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We propose a novel scenario for possible electromagnetic (EM) emission by compact binary mergers in the accretion disks of active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Nuclear star clusters in AGNs are a plausible formation site of compact-stellar binaries (CSBs) whose coalescences can be detected through gravitational waves (GWs). We investigate the accretion onto and outflows from CSBs embedded in AGN disks. We show that these outflows are likely to create outflow cavities in the AGN disks before the binaries merge, which makes EM or neutrino counterparts much less common than would otherwise be expected. We discuss the necessary conditions for detectable EM counterparts to mergers inside the outflow cavities. If the merger remnant black hole experiences a high recoil velocity and can enter the AGN disk, it can accrete gas with a super-Eddington rate, newly forming a cavity-like structure. This bubble can break out of the disk within a day to a week after the merger. Such breakout emission can be bright enough to be detectable by current soft X-ray instruments, such as Swift-XRT and Chandra.
Statistical Properties of Small-scale Linear Magnetic Holes in the Martian Magnetosheath
Authors: Wu Mingyu , Chen Yangjun , Du Aimin , Wang Guoqiang , Xiao Sudong , Peng E. , Pan Zonghao , Chen Yuanqiang , Zhang Tielong 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The small-scale linear magnetic hole (LMH) is a magnetic dip with a size less than or on the order of ρ

i
(proton gyroradius), which may contribute to turbulence properties in the solar wind and other astrophysical plasmas. Based on one-month measurements of the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN mission, 174 small-scale LMH events in the Martian magnetosheath are used to investigate their statistical properties in this study. Our results show that small-scale linear LMHs are ubiquitous in the Martian magnetosheath, and their occurrence rate is estimated to be approximately 1.5 events per hour based on one-month observations. Compared with the ambient plasma, the averaged magnitude of the magnetic field in these holes can decrease from 6.8–3.5 nT. Nearly 66% of events have a B
min/B value in the range of (0.45, 0.75). The duration of small-scale MHs is mainly less than 0.4 s. For 90% of the events, the size along the solar wind flow is less than ρ

i
. As the rotation angle increases, the occurrence rate of small-scale LMHs decrease. However, the B
min/B, size, and duration of small-scale LMHs have no obvious dependence on their rotation angle.
Reflections of Family Nurse Practitioner Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Link Tamara , Laham Kelly , Hubbell Sara , Baisden Paula 
Published: August 2021

Background:
To understand family nurse practitioner (FNP) students' academic experience during the COVID-19 pandemic, faculty developed an online reflective discussion board assignment. The richness of the responses prompted faculty to gather data and analyze themes.

Method:
The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the perspectives of FNP students regarding the impact of COVID-19 on their academic experience. Participants were asked to answer four open-ended questions in a discussion board to address the research question. Responses of consenting students were analyzed qualitatively using open, axial, and selective coding.

Results:
Four main themes emerged: worry and fear, cyclical stress, mitigation of stress, and personal growth of resilience and empathy. Students emphasized that faculty support strategies mitigated stress and anxiety.

Conclusion:

Understanding students' experience is crucial to facilitating academic success. Faculty in similar situations could better support their students through clear communication, and providing flexibility and opportunities for self-reflection.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2021;60(8):449–452.]
Nursing Students Behind Bars
Authors: Clark Kimberly , Falk Mary 
Published: August 2021

Background:
With a large incarcerated patient population in the United States, there is a unique potential for clinical learning for undergraduate nursing students with this population.

Method:
The Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) School of Nursing and VCU Health System have created a unique partnership in which baccalaureate nursing students complete their first clinical rotation on VCU Health System's Secure Care Unit (SCU). At the conclusion of their semester, baccalaureate students assigned to the SCU for the fundamentals clinical were asked to provide feedback on their experiences.

Results:
Both challenges and positive outcomes were identified by students who completed their first clinical rotation providing care to this unique population.

Conclusion:

The formation of this relationship between the VCU School of Nursing and the VCU Health System's SCU is helping to meet patient, student, and clinical unit needs and also making a positive impact on the stakeholders involved.

[
J Nurs Educ.
2021;60(8):470–471.]
Activation of Transcription Factor 4 in Dendritic Cells Controls Th1/Th17 Responses and Autoimmune Neuroinflammation
Authors: Manoharan Indumathi , Swafford Daniel , Shanmugam Arulkumaran , Patel Nikhil , Prasad Puttur D , Thangaraju Muthusamy , Manicassamy Santhakumar 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional APCs that play a crucial role in initiating robust immune responses against invading pathogens while inducing regulatory responses to the body's tissues and commensal microorganisms. A breakdown of DC-mediated immunological tolerance leads to chronic inflammation and autoimmune disorders. However, cell-intrinsic molecular regulators that are critical for programming DCs to a regulatory state rather than to an inflammatory state are not known. In this study, we show that the activation of the TCF4 transcription factor in DCs is critical for controlling the magnitude of inflammatory responses and limiting neuroinflammation. DC-specific deletion of TCF4 in mice increased Th1/Th17 responses and exacerbated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis pathology. Mechanistically, loss of TCF4 in DCs led to heightened activation of p38 MAPK and increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-23, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-12p40. Consistent with these findings, pharmacological blocking of p38 MAPK activation delayed experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis onset and diminished CNS pathology in TCF4ΔDC mice. Thus, manipulation of the TCF4 pathway in DCs could provide novel opportunities for regulating chronic inflammation and represents a potential therapeutic approach to control autoimmune neuroinflammation.
RACK1 T50 Phosphorylation by AMPK Potentiates Its Binding with IRF3/7 and Inhibition of Type 1 IFN Production
Authors: Qin Cheng , Niu Chunxiao , Shen Zhuo , Zhang Yaolin , Liu Genyu , Hou Chunmei , Dong Jie , Zhao Min , Cheng Qianqian , Yang Xiqin , Zhang Jiyan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1) adaptor protein has been implicated in viral infection. However, whether RACK1 promotes in vivo viral infection in mammals remains unknown. Moreover, it remains elusive how RACK1 is engaged in antiviral innate immune signaling. In this study, we report that myeloid RACK1 deficiency does not affect the development and survival of myeloid cells under resting conditions but renders mice less susceptible to viral infection. RACK1-deficient macrophages produce more IFN-α and IFN-β in response to both RNA and DNA virus infection. In line with this, RACK1 suppresses transcriptional activation of type 1 IFN gene promoters in response to virus infection. Analysis of virus-mediated signaling indicates that RACK1 inhibits the phosphorylation of IRF3/7. Indeed, RACK1 interacts with IRF3/7, which is enhanced after virus infection. Further exploration indicates that virus infection triggers AMPK activation, which in turn phosphorylates RACK1 at Thr50. RACK1 phosphorylation at Thr50 enhances its interaction with IRF3/7 and thereby limits IRF3/7 phosphorylation. Thus, our results confirm that myeloid RACK1 promotes in vivo viral infection and provide insight into the control of type 1 IFN production in response to virus infection.
A study of cerebrovascular risk factors in depressive patients in old age
Authors: Bhalothia Pyare Lal , Singh Paramjeet , Mawlia Banwari Lal , Singh Sahiba , Jain Priyank 
Published: August 2021

Context:
Depression in late life is more likely to be associated with multiple medical comorbidities and cognitive impairment. In old-age hypertension, hyperlipidemia and obesity have been associated with cognitive impairment and vascular depression. The severity of vascular burden has a positive correlation with the severity of depression.

Aims:
This study aimed to find the association between cerebrovascular risk factors (CVRFs) and depression in old age.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional observational study was carried out at the outpatient department (OPD) of psychiatric center, SMS Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur. The patients from the OPD who provided informed consent were the participants in this study. Two hundred cases of depressive episode or recurrent depressive episode (unipolar depression) were included in the study. The diagnosis was made as per the International Classification of Diseases-10 criteria by two psychiatrists independently. Framingham CVRF prediction tool was applied to assess vascular burden. This was followed by statistical analysis.

Results:
The mean age of participants were 68.53 years, the mean score of Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) was 19.10 and the mean score of CVRFs was 13.13. HAM-D score positively correlates with CVRFs score (r = 0.188 and P = 0.008).

Conclusions:
Our study contributes to the growing literature elucidating the relationship of CVRFs in depressed older adults confirming that greater vascular burden can contribute to the severity of depression in geriatric depression.
Evaluation of clinical, etiological and antimicrobial resistance profile of pediatric urinary tract infections in a secondary health care centre
Authors: Celep Gökce , Burak Özçelik Hüseyin 
Published: August 2021

Background: Urinary tract infections are common during childhood. The etiologic agents and empirical antibiotics may vary due to age and geographic area.
Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the urinary tract infection pathogens, their antibiotic resistance profile and risk factors in a sample of well-child population.
Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in the pediatric clinics of a secondary health-care centre in a one-year period. The source of data was hospital and laboratory records. Toilet trained children and adolescents aged between 5-17 years old with positive urine culture were enrolled into the study. Microbiological studies were conducted ac- cording to international guidelines.
Results: During the study 3640 urine samples were analyzed and 342(9.4%) had significant growth. Gram negative en- terobacteria were the most common infectious agents. Antibiotic susceptibility tests showed low cephalosporine resistance unless ESBL was positive. Multi drug resistance was remarkable. Extended beta lactamase resistance rate was 17%. Previous history of antibiotic use before the present administration was the only significant risk factor for ESBL positivity.
Conclusion: Treating urinary tract infections may become an emerging problem soon. Unless there are risk factors, cepha- losporines are good options, but if so nitrofurantoin or carbapanems should be preferred for treatment in this population.
Keywords: Urinary tract infections; antibiotics; susceptibility.
Rational and design of SATRACD study: detecting subclinical anthracycline therapy related cardiac dysfunction in low income country
Authors: Zhang Wanzhu , Azibani Feriel , Okello Emmy , Kayima James , Walusansa Victoria , Orem Jackson , Sliwa Karen 
Published: August 2021

Background: Anthracycline therapy-related cardiac dysfunction (ATRCD) is the most notorious adverse side-effect of chemotherapy. It has become a significant cardiovascular health concern for long-term cancer survivors. With the emerging concept of subclinical ATRCD and newer diagnostictools (Speckle Tracking Echocardiography (STE) and biomarkers), detecting anthracycline cardiac toxicity at an early stage has become an important step to prevent severe cardiac dysfunction and improve the cardiovascular outcome in cancer survivors. Despite the increasing population at risk in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), there is no contemporary data in Uganda to address the burden, pathogenesis and risk factors of subclinical ATRCD. This big gap in knowledge has led to a lack of local guidelines for monitoring and management of ATRCD.
Methods: SATRACD (Detecting Subclinical Anthracycline Therapy Related Cardiac Dysfunction In Low Income Country) study is an observational prospective cohort study. Three hundred and fifty-three anthracycline naïve cancer patients will be recruited at baseline. Patients are followed up on completion of anthracycline-based chemotherapy and at 6 months after completion of anthracycline therapy. Data on demographics, cancer profile and clinical presentation will be collected at baseline. Comprehensive cardiac assessment will be performed at each visit, including electrocardiogram, conventional echo- cardiography, STE, cardiac and oxidative stress markers. We will be able to determine the incidence of subclinical and clinical ATRCD at 6 months after completion of anthracycline therapy, determine whether hypertension is a major risk factor for ATRCD, evaluate the role of conventional echocardiography parameters, and biomarkers for detecting subclinical ATRCD.
Conclusion: This SATRACD study will provide contemporary data on Ugandan cancer patients who have subclinical and clinical ATRCD, help in the development of local strategies to prevent and manage ATRCD, and improve cardiovascular outcome for Ugandan cancer survivors.
Keywords: SATRACD study; subclinical anthracycline therapy; cardiac dysfunction; low income country.
Transient bone marrow hypoplasia preceding T-Cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a case report
Authors: Naturinda Ernest , George Paul , Ssenyondwa Joseph , Bakulumpagi Deogratias , Lubega Joseph , Wasswa Peter 
Published: August 2021

Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common childhood malignancy and is characterised by hy- perproliferation of malignant lymphocytes in the bone marrow. Rarely, ALL may be preceded by a period of pancytopenia and bone marrow hypoplasia which spontaneously recovers. This phenomenon, which has not before been described in T-cell ALL, is referred to as transient bone marrow hypoplasia.
Case presentation: A 5-year-old boy who presented with high-grade fever and generalised lymphadenopathy, was found to have pancytopenia on peripheral blood count and bone marrow hypoplasia. He was observed over a one-month period during which his bone marrow and peripheral blood counts recovered spontaneously. Symptoms recurred after 4 months and he was found to have blast infiltration of the bone marrow and diagnosed with T-cell ALL.
Conclusion: Cases of transient bone marrow hypoplasia or overt aplastic anemia with spontaneous recovery and then followed by B-cell ALL or Acute Myeloid Leukemia have been described previously in the medical literature. This is the first case of transient bone marrow hypoplasia resulting into ALL of T-cell immunophenotype. While marrow hypoplasia preceding ALL remains poorly understood, it suggests an antecedent environmental insult to lymphoid progenitors or a germline abnormality that predisposes to lymphoid dysplasia. This may provide clues to the hitherto unknown pathophysi- ological process and etiological factors that precede the majority of childhood ALL cases. This case enlightens pediatricians about the existence of such rare cases so as to periodically follow up children with pancytopenia and/or bone marrow hy- poplasia for prolonged periods even after apparent recovery.
Keywords: Pancytopenia, hypoplasia; aplastic anemia; T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia; case report.