bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling of UAV/RPAS data traffic in space, air, and ground networks
Authors: Ilnytska Svitlana , Grekhov Andrii , Kondratiuk Vasyl 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRemotely piloted air systems (RPASs) are increasingly used for data transmission in the space‐air‐ground integrated networks (SAGINs). That is why it is important to know the possibilities and ways of integrating existing space, air and terrestrial networks for effective interaction with RPASs. This paper studies the issues of ensuring the required quality of service during heavy traffic in SAGIN and the choice of the necessary data transmission modes for this. Models of communication channels were created, including line‐of‐sight transmission (Model 1), public terrestrial network (PTN) (Model 2), low‐orbit satellite transmission (Model 3) and PTN plus satellite transmission (Model 4). The relationships between models' performance and traffic parameters, channel bandwidths, bit errors, lost packets and models' topology were investigated using NetCracker Professional 4.1 software. The dependencies of the average utilization on the transaction size and the time between transactions with different statistical distribution laws were analyzed. The effect of different bandwidths was investigated. The influence of the bit error rate and the probability of packet fail chance on the channel performance was studied. The traffic characteristics in all models were compared.
Associations between self‐reported respiratory symptoms and non‐specific psychological distress following exposure to a prolonged landscape fire
Authors: Samuel Riana , Carroll Matthew T. C. , Ikin Jillian F. , Gao Caroline X. , Del Monaco Anthony , McFarlane Alexander , Berger Emily , Maybery Darryl , Broder Jonathan , Brown David , Sim Malcolm R. , Walker Judi , Abramson Michael J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe investigated the association between respiratory symptoms and psychological distress in the context of a prolonged smoke event, and evaluated whether smoke exposure, or pre‐existing respiratory and mental health conditions, influenced the association. Three thousand ninety‐six residents of a rural town heavily exposed to smoke from the 6‐week Hazelwood coal mine fire, and 960 residents of a nearby unexposed town, completed Kessler's psychological distress questionnaire (K10) and a modified European Community Respiratory Health Survey. Logistic regression models evaluated associations between distress and respiratory symptoms, with interactions fitted to evaluate effect modification. Smoke exposed participants reported higher levels of distress than those unexposed, and participants reporting respiratory symptoms recorded higher levels of distress than participants without respiratory symptoms, irrespective of exposure. 5‐unit increments in K10 scores were associated with 21%–48% increases in the odds of reporting respiratory symptoms. There were significant interactions with pre‐existing asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and mental health conditions, but not with smoke exposure. Although participants with pre‐existing conditions were more likely to report respiratory symptoms, increasing distress was most strongly associated with respiratory symptoms among those without pre‐existing conditions. Communities exposed to landscape fire smoke could benefit from interventions to reduce both psychological and respiratory distress.
A study of refactorings during software change tasks
Authors: Eilertsen Anna M. , Murphy Gail C. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDevelopers frequently undertake software change tasks that could be partially or fully automated by refactoring tools. As has been reported by others, all too often, these refactoring steps are instead performed manually by developers. These missed opportunities are referred to as occasions ofdisuseof refactoring tools. We perform an observational study in which 17 developers with professional experience attempt to solve three change tasks with steps amenable to the use of refactoring tools. We found that the strategies developers use to approach these tasks shape their workflow, which, in turn, shape the opportunities for refactoring tool use. We report on a number of findings about developer strategies, demonstrating the difficulty of aligning the kind of refactoring steps that emerge during a change task based on the strategy with the tools available. We also report on findings about refactoring tools, such as the difficulties developers face in controlling the scope of application of the tools. Our findings can help inform the designers of refactoring tools.
Combining Modulated Techniques for the Analysis of Photosensitive Devices
Authors: Alvarez Agustin O. , Ravishankar Sandheep , Fabregat‐Santiago Francisco 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSmall‐perturbation techniques such as impedance spectroscopy (IS), intensity‐modulated photocurrent spectroscopy (IMPS), and intensity‐modulated photovoltage spectroscopy (IMVS) are useful tools to characterize and model photovoltaic and photoelectrochemical devices. While the analysis of the impedance spectra is generally carried out using an equivalent circuit, the intensity‐modulated spectroscopies are often analyzed through the measured characteristic response times. This makes the correlation between the two methods of analysis generally unclear. In this work, by taking into consideration the absorptance and separation efficiency, a unified theoretical framework and a procedure to combine the spectral analysis of the three techniques are proposed. Such a joint analysis of IS, IMPS, and IMVS spectra greatly reduces the sample space of possible equivalent circuits to model the device and allows obtaining parameters with high reliability. This theoretical approach is applied in the characterization of a silicon photodiode to demonstrate the validity of this methodology, which shows great potential to improve the quality of analysis of spectra obtained from frequency domain small‐perturbation methods.
College entrance exam‐taking strategies in Georgia
Authors: Bloem Michael D. , Pan Weixiang , Smith Jonathan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractUsing administrative data from Georgia, we provide the first study of the full set of college entrance exam‐taking strategies, including who takes the ACT and the SAT (or both), when they take the exams, and how many times they take each exam. We have several main findings. First, one‐third of exam takers take both the ACT and SAT. Second, we see pronounced disparities in several measures of exam‐taking strategy by free‐ and reduced‐price lunch status, even after including a rich set of controls, but not by underrepresented minority status. Third, we find evidence that taking more total exams leads to higher admissions‐relevant test scores and a higher likelihood of enrolling in colleges with relatively high graduation rates and earnings. However, these relationships with test scores and college enrollment are smaller for those who take both the ACT and SAT, as opposed to retaking the same exam multiple times.
The role of consumer confidence in forecasting consumption, evidence from Florida
Authors: Sandoval Hector H. , Walsh Anita N. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractConsumers' attitudes about the direction of the economy influence their decisions about discretionary purchases, saving, and investment. This paper uses data from Florida's consumer sentiment index to study the role and accuracy of consumer confidence in forecasting consumption, as well as the mechanism behind such a relationship. Spending on durable goods tends to be more discretionary in nature and it is frequently done using credit, thus potentially more sensitive to changes in consumer attitudes. Our results indicate that the in‐sample predictive power of the index and its questions is limited to predicting spending on durable goods, particularly, on autos. Furthermore, consumer confidence does not improve the out‐of‐sample forecast beyond the forecast from a baseline model, which considers economic fundamentals. Finally, the evidence shows that the relationship between shocks in consumer confidence and economic activity arises because confidence measures contain information about the state of the economy, thus rejecting animal spirits.
Succinylated Starch Nanocapsules Loaded with the Polyphenolic Extract from Arugula (Eruca sativa) Leaves: Colloidal, Chemical, and Structural Properties
Authors: García‐Gurrola Adriana , Escobar‐Puentes Alberto A. , Rincón Susana , Martínez‐Bustos Fernando , Zepeda Alejandro 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study is to incorporate the polyphenolic‐rich extract from Eruca sativa leaves into succinylated starch nanocapsules. Synthesis of the nanocapsules is carried out using an industrial/scale ultrasonic equipment, and the dynamic light scattering (DLS), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and microscopy (FE‐SEM) techniques are used for determining the colloidal, chemical, and structural properties, respectively. Non succinylated nanocapsules and succinylated nanocapsules with two degrees of substitution (DS; 0.01 and 0.03) are synthetized. The unloaded nanocapsules exhibits a hydrodynamic size ranging from 50 to 69 nm, but the nanoencapsulation has a significant effect (p < 0.05) on the colloidal properties of loaded nanocapsules. All of the three loaded nanocapsules demonstrates hydrodynamic sizes ranging from 259 to 268 nm, a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.361 to 0.390, ζ‐potential values of −11.43 to −15.98 Mv, and encapsulation efficiencies (EE) of 16%. FTIR results show hydrophobic interactions between E. sativa polyphenols and nanoparticles. Additionally, the XRD results suggest the formation of slight inclusion complexes between E. sativa polyphenols and nanoparticles. The starch nanoparticles are efficient to encapsulate a polyphenolic‐rich ethanolic extract and the succinylation influences the nanoparticle‐extract molecular interactions and arrangements but not EE.
Treatment of bovine respiratory disease with a single administration of tulathromycin and ketoprofen
Authors: De Koster Jenne , Tena Jezaniah‐Kira , Stegemann Michael R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe therapeutic strategy of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) often involves a combination of an antibiotic with an anti‐inflammatory agent. Aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical effect of a new combination product containing tulathromycin and ketoprofen for the treatment of naturally occurring BRD.MethodsTwo hundred and eighty animals were randomized upon diagnosis of BRD. One hundred forty animals each were treated once subcutaneously with tulathromycin‐ketoprofen or tulathromycin. Rectal temperature of each animal was measured at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 24 h post‐treatment. Individual respiration and depression scores were determined at 6 h post‐treatment. Daily rectal temperature, respiration and depression scores were recorded from day 2 to 14 and on day 21.ResultsThe tulathromycin‐ketoprofen and tulathromycin treatment group demonstrated a treatment success rate of 94.2% and 95.0%, respectively and a relapse rate of 3.8% and 4.0%, respectively. Tulathromycin‐ketoprofen demonstrated superior pyrexia control compared to tulathromycin within the first 24 h following treatment. Tulathromycin‐ketoprofen‐treated animals demonstrated faster improvement of their clinical symptoms (respiration and depression score).ConclusionEfficacy of tulathromycin‐ketoprofen for the treatment of BRD was non‐inferior to tulathromycin. The combination product clearly exhibited more pronounced fever control than tulathromycin which is considered beneficial for animal welfare.
Magnetic properties and structural analysis on spinel MnFe2O4 nanoparticles prepared via non‐aqueous microwave synthesis
Authors: Simon Christopher , Blösser André , Eckardt Mirco , Kurz Hannah , Weber Birgit , Zobel Mirijam , Marschall Roland 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPhase‐pure 6 nm spinel MnFe2O4 nanoparticles with high specific surface area of 145 m2 g−1 were successfully prepared via microwave‐assisted non‐aqueous sol‐gel synthesis. The phase evolution during postsynthetic thermal treatment was investigated systematically by various methods, including powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), pair distribution function (PDF) analysis, and Raman spectroscopy. Our results show that the material decomposes to non‐spinel binary compounds α‐Mn2O3 and α‐Fe2O3 at temperatures between 400 and 600 °C. The application potential of MnFe2O4 nanoparticles with 3d5 Mn(II) and Fe(III) ions with respect to the magnetic properties was demonstrated by superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometry, with the as‐synthesized nanoparticles reaching a high saturation magnetization of 2.62 μB per formula unit (63.5 Am2 kg−1) at 10 K. We further highlight the visible‐light response of synthesized powders, making the materials promising for light‐related applications, e. g. photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. An important additional feature of MnFe2O4 nanoparticles is their good dispersibilty in polar or non‐polar media, as a result of postsynthetic colloidal stabilization with betaine hydrochloride, oleic acid combined with oleylamine, or citric acid.
Immunocontraception of male and female giraffes using the GnRH vaccine Improvac®
Authors: Schwarzenberger Franz , Krawinkel Pia , Jeserschek Sophia‐Maria , Schauerte Nicole , Geiger Christina , Balfanz Folko , Knauf‐Witzens Tobias , Sicks Florian , Martinez Nevado Eva , Anfray Gwendoline , Hein Anna , Kaandorp‐Huber Christine , Marcordes Sandra , Venshøj Betina 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to develop protocols for contraception in both sexes of giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis) by using the GnRH vaccine Improvac®. We evaluated the success of immunization by analyzing fecal reproductive hormone metabolites in female (n = 20) and male (n = 9) giraffes. Endocrine analysis provided the basis for the successful immunization protocol, as well as for assessing long‐term effects. Reliable reduction of fecal steroid metabolites to baseline levels in female giraffes was achieved with three, and in males with four or five injections at 4‐week intervals. Effective booster injections were administered at 2‐month intervals in the first year of treatment and at three to 4‐month intervals in the following years. In addition to endocrine analysis, we determined vaccination efficacy in bulls by assessing testicular atrophy. Long‐term (>2 years) use in females was often accompanied by prolonged periods of persistent corpus luteum activity, although normal cycles were not observed. Problems might occur with reversibility, because in a few males and females, even after more than 2 years since treatment had been stopped, fecal hormone metabolites have not returned to pretreatment levels. The results are somewhat ambiguous, as reproduction can be suppressed by use of Improvac®, but the question of reversibility remains unsolved.
Methods and Tools for Overcoming the Barriers to Servitization and Service Excellence
Authors: West Shaun , Gaiardelli Paolo , Saccani Nicola 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this chapter we tell you about the methods and tools that have helped many people overcome the barriers to servitization and achieve service excellence. Some of these methods and tools may be new to you, and some we hope you will be familiar with. There are many other aids that are available, and we are sure you have some tools that your firm uses. Our objective was not to tell you what to use but rather to provide you with a set of equipment that can help you achieve what is important for you. The tools are listed from A to Z and categorized into different groups to help you to identify when you might want to use a particular tool. We have not provided detailed instructions on how to use each tool, as there are more than enough other books that can help you here, but rather provided a list of what we think are most useful. You will find many similar templates at https://www.mural.co/ that are easy to use and share with colleagues.
Entropy Solutions of Doubly Nonlinear Fractional Laplace Equations
Authors: Grossekemper Niklas , Wittbold Petra , Zimmermann Aleksandra 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this contribution, we study a class of doubly nonlinear elliptic equations with bounded, merely integrable right-hand side on the whole space $$\mathbb {R}^N$$

R

N

. The equation is driven by the fractional Laplacian $$(-\varDelta )^{\frac{s}{2}}$$

(
-
Δ
)

s
2

for $$s\in (0,1]$$

s
∈
(
0
,
1
]

and a strongly continuous nonlinear perturbation of first order. It is well known that weak solutions are in genreral not unique in this setting. We are able to prove an $$L^1$$

L
1

-contraction and comparison principle and to show existence and uniqueness of entropy solutions.
Breast clinical target volume: HU-based glandular CTVs and ESTRO CTVs in modern and historical radiotherapy treatment planning
Authors: Duma Marciana Nona , Kulms Theresa , Knippen Stefan , Teichmann Tobias , Wittig Andrea 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The current study aimed to compare contouring of glandular tissue only (gCTV) with the clinical target volume (CTV) as defined according to European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology (ESTRO) guidelines (eCTV) and historically treated volumes (marked by wire and determined by palpation and anatomic landmarks) in breast cancer radiotherapy.

Methods
A total of 56 consecutive breast cancer patients underwent treatment planning based solely on anatomic landmarks/wire markings (“wire based”). From these treatment plans, the 50% and 95% isodoses were transferred as structures and compared to the following CT-based volumes: eCTV; a Hounsfield unit (HU)-based automatic contouring of the gCTV; and standardized planning target volumes (PTVs) generated with 1‑cm safety margins (resulting in the ePTVs and gPTVs, respectively).

Results
The 95% isodose volume of the wire-based plan was larger than the eCTV by 352.39 ± 176.06 cm3 but smaller than the ePTV by 157.58 ± 189.32 cm3. The 95% isodose was larger than the gCTV by 921.20 ± 419.78 cm3 and larger than the gPTV by 190.91 ± 233.49 cm3. Patients with larger breasts had significantly less glandular tissue than those with small breasts. There was a trend toward a lower percentage of glandular tissue in older patients.

Conclusion
Historical wire and anatomic landmarks-based treatment planning sufficiently covers the glandular tissue and the theoretical gPTV generated for the glandular tissue. Modern CT-based CTV and PTV definition according to ESTRO results in a larger treated volume than the historical wire-based techniques. HU-standardized glandular tissue contouring results in a significantly smaller CTV and might be an option for reducing the treatment volume and improving reproducibility of contouring between institutions.
Primary immunosuppressive TNI-based conditioning regimens in pediatric patients treated with haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Wegener D. , Lang P. , Paulsen F. , Weidner N. , Zips D. , Ebinger M. , Holzer U. , Döring M. , Heinzelmann F. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose
This retrospective analysis aims to address the toxicity and efficacy of a modified total nodal irradiation (TNI)-based conditioning regimen before haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) in pediatric patients.

Materials and methods
Patient data including long-term follow-up were evaluated of 7 pediatric patients with malignant (n = 2) and non-malignant diseases (n = 5) who were treated by a primary TNI-based conditioning regimen. TNI was performed using anterior/posterior opposing fields. All patients received 7 Gy single-dose TNI combined with systemic agents followed by an infusion of peripheral blood stem cells (n = 7). All children had haploidentical family donors.

Results
Engraftment was reached in 6/7 children after a median time of 9.5 days; 1 child had primary graft failure but was successfully reconditioned shortly thereafter. After an average follow-up time of 103.5 months (range 8.8–138.5 months), event-free (EFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were 71.4% and 85.7%, respectively. One child with a non-malignant disease died 8.8 months after transplantation due to a relapse and a multiple organ failure. Follow-up data was available for 5/6 long-term survivors with a median follow-up (FU) of 106.2 months (range 54.5–138.5 months). Hypothyroidism and deficiency of sexual hormones was present in 3/5 patients each. Mean forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) after TNI was 71%; mean vital capacity (VC) was 78%. Growth failure (< 10th percentile) occurred in 2/5 patients (height) and 1/5 patient (weight). No secondary malignancies were reported.

Conclusion
In this group of patients, a primary single-dose 7 Gy TNI-based conditioning regimen before HCT in pediatric patients allowed sustained engraftment combined with a tolerable toxicity profile leading to long-term OS/EFS. Late toxicity after a median FU of over 9 years includes growth failure, manageable hormonal deficiencies, and acceptable decrease in lung function.
Endoskopische Vermessung von Nasenseptumdefekten
Authors: Rosenthal Jean-Claude , Wisotzky Eric L. , Matuschek Carsten , Hobl Melanie , Hilsmann Anna , Eisert Peter , Uecker Florian C. 
Published: September 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die vielfältigen unangenehmen Symptome von Nasenseptumdefekten (NSD) führen zu einer deutlichen Einschränkung der Lebensqualität. NSD können mittels patientenspezifischer Implantate oder durch eine Op. verschlossen werden. Implantate werden dabei durch Silikonabformungen unter Vollnarkose, ggf. in lokaler Betäubung, oder anhand von 3D-Modellen aus computertomographischen (CT-)Daten erstellt. Nachteile für die Patientensicherheit sind ein erhöhtes Morbiditätsrisiko oder die Strahlenbelastung.

Methodik
Für die Hals‑, Nasen- und Ohren-(HNO)-Chirurgie wird ein schonender Ansatz zur Behandlung von NSD mit einer neuen bildbasierten, kontakt- und strahlungsfreien Messmethode unter Nutzung eines Stereoendoskops vorgestellt. Das Verfahren beruht ausschließlich auf Bilddaten und nutzt echtzeitfähige Bildverarbeitungsalgorithmen zur Berechnung von 3D-Informationen. Es ist beliebig oft wiederholbar und wurde bereits erfolgreich in der robotergestützten Chirurgie und in der OP-Mikroskopie eingesetzt. Daher wurde diese Methode für die Nasenchirurgie erweitert, für die es zusätzliche anatomische und stereoskopische Herausforderungen gibt.

Ergebnisse
Nach Auswertung von 3 relevanten Messgrößen (NSD-Ausdehnung: axial, koronal und Umfang) von 6 Patienten und Vergleich der Ergebnisse von 2 Stereoendoskopen mit vorhandenen CT-Daten zeigte sich: Die bildbasierten Messergebnisse können vergleichbare Genauigkeiten wie CT-Daten erzielen. Bei einem Patienten wurden die Daten nur teilweise ausgewertet, da der NSD größer als das endoskopische Sichtfeld war.

Schlussfolgerung
Aufbauend auf den sehr guten Messwerten wird ein Therapieverfahren skizziert, welches die Herstellung von patientenspezifischen NSD-Implantaten auf Basis endoskopischer Daten ermöglicht.