bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome-wide association study suggests an independent genetic basis of zinc and cadmium concentrations in fresh sweet corn kernels
Authors: Baseggio Matheus , Murray Matthew , Wu Di , Ziegler Gregory , Kaczmar Nicholas , Chamness James , Hamilton John P , Buell C Robin , Vatamaniuk Olena K , Buckler Edward S , Smith Margaret E , Baxter Ivan , Tracy William F , Gore Michael A 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDespite being one of the most consumed vegetables in the United States, the elemental profile of sweet corn (Zea mays L.) is limited in its dietary contributions. To address this through genetic improvement, a genome-wide association study was conducted for the concentrations of 15 elements in fresh kernels of a sweet corn association panel. In concordance with mapping results from mature maize kernels, we detected a probable pleiotropic association of zinc and iron concentrations with nicotianamine synthase5 (nas5), which purportedly encodes an enzyme involved in synthesis of the metal chelator nicotianamine. In addition, a pervasive association signal was identified for cadmium concentration within a recombination suppressed region on chromosome 2. The likely causal gene underlying this signal was heavy metal ATPase3 (hma3), whose counterpart in rice, OsHMA3, mediates vacuolar sequestration of cadmium and zinc in roots, whereby regulating zinc homeostasis and cadmium accumulation in grains. In our association panel, hma3 associated with cadmium but not zinc accumulation in fresh kernels. This finding implies that selection for low cadmium will not affect zinc levels in fresh kernels. Although less resolved association signals were detected for boron, nickel, and calcium, all 15 elements were shown to have moderate predictive abilities via whole-genome prediction. Collectively, these results help enhance our genomics-assisted breeding efforts centered on improving the elemental profile of fresh sweet corn kernels.
Energy use in hotels: a case study in Gran Canaria
Authors: Santiago Dunia E 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the energy models of six hotels were compared. Food and beverage (F&B) service demands the highest amount of energy (over 50%), followed by the hot water system. A regression analysis revealed that, among 31 different characteristics, the revenue per available room, the pool volume, the number of diners and the mean number of guests per occupied room can explain the total energy demand of the studied hotels. The possibility of including photovoltaic solar energy could increase the renewable contribution of the energy mix by 8–30%, but this highly depends on the available surface for this installation in each hotel.
Stable gradient flow discretizations for simulating bilayer plate bending with isometry and obstacle constraints
Authors: Bartels Sören , Palus Christian 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBilayer plates are compound materials that exhibit large bending deformations when exposed to environmental changes that lead to different mechanical responses in the involved materials. In this article a new numerical method that is suitable for simulating the isometric deformation induced by a given material mismatch in a bilayer plate is discussed. A dimensionally reduced formulation of the bending energy is discretized generically in an abstract setting and specified for discrete Kirchhoff triangles; convergence towards the continuous formulation is proved. A practical semi-implicit discrete gradient flow employing a linearization of the isometry constraint is proposed as an iterative method for the minimization of the bending energy; stability and a bound on the violation of the isometry constraint are proved. The incorporation of obstacles is discussed and the practical performance of the method is illustrated with numerical experiments involving the simulation of large bending deformations and investigation of contact phenomena.
Validating Threat: IO Approval and Public Support for Joining Military Counterterrorism Coalitions
Authors: Recchia Stefano , Chu Jonathan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRecent scholarship has fruitfully investigated the effect of international organization (IO) approval on public support for military intervention. Following Jentleson and Britton [Bruce W. Jentleson and Rebecca L. Britton, “Still Pretty Prudent: Post-Cold War American Public Opinion on the Use of Military Force,” Journal of Conflict Resolution 42, no. 4 (1998): 395–417], scholars argue that IO approval does not increase already high public support for “foreign policy restraint” (FPR) operations intended to coerce “aggressively threatening” opponents, including terrorists. We challenge this argument, focusing on public support for contributing to military coalitions. The public may wonder whether leaders are sincere when they frame a coalition military operation as having FPR objectives; this may lead the public to put a premium on multilateral validation. We also question the common argument that UN Security Council approval necessarily has a greater positive effect on public support for intervention than approval from regional IOs. Approval from broad-based regional IOs, such as the African Union (AU), may be just as consequential. Data from survey experiments that we conducted in three countries confirm our principal hypotheses: (1) IO approval consistently increases public support for contributing to military coalitions even in counterterrorism cases and (2) the UN and AU approval effects are of comparable magnitude. These findings expand our theoretical understanding of the conditions under which IO approval can increase public support for military intervention.
China and International Adjudication—Picking Up Steam?
Authors: Hao Yayezi , de la Rasilla Ignacio 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This article examines the gradual shift from outright rejection of legal methods of international dispute settlement towards greater acceptance of it in certain contexts on the part of China in recent years using a tripartite typology. The first type includes analysis of a minor softening of its traditional strategic detachment from some international adjudicative systems in general public international law, international criminal law and international human rights law. The second type focuses on China’s deepening engagement with adjudicative systems in the areas of international trade law and international commercial and investment law. The third category analyses its exploratory accommodation to adjudicative settlement mechanisms in the law of the sea and in newer areas. The article fleshes out this classification by examining the roots of both historical and contemporary attitudes underlying China’s asymmetrical and regime-specific approach to international adjudication with reference to Chinese major policy initiatives including the Belt and Road Initiative.
Transfiguring Theaters for Disrespectable Leisure: An Ethnography on Black Womxn’s Ratchet Performances in Movie Showings ofGirls Trip
Authors: Davis Shardé M , Tounsel Timeka N 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis ethnographic study considers how Black womxn audiences collectively negotiated the politics of respectability in the movie theater, anecdotally referred to as cinema etiquette, in showings of the film Girls Trip. Data were collected in two local theaters in a Northeastern city using field interviews, follow-up telephone interviews, and participant observation. Findings revealed that Black womxn audiences (from various age groups) embodied an intersectional resistance discourse of disrespectability ( Cooper, 2012, 2017, 2018) through their (non)verbal behaviors and an ecology of the senses (i.e., sight and sound) that were situated at the intersection of ratchetness, playfulness, and informality. In doing so, they created a “homeplace,” making an otherwise uncomfortable and highly regulated public space suitable for their collective spectatorship of the film. We argue that Black womxn’s embodiment of ratchetness is not necessarily a unidimensional endeavor, but rather an ever-evolving, multifaceted resource that enables Black womxn to reach political and pleasurable ends.
Efficacy of antiepileptic drugs in glioma patients with epilepsy: a systematic review
Authors: de Bruin Marjolein E , van der Meer Pim B , Dirven Linda , Taphoorn Martin J B , Koekkoek Johan A F 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Comprehensive data on the efficacy and tolerability of antiepileptic drugs (AED) treatment in glioma patients with epilepsy are currently lacking. In this systematic review, we specifically assessed the efficacy of AEDs in patients with a grade II-IV glioma.

Methods
Electronic databases PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched up to June 2020. Three different outcomes for both mono- and polytherapy were extracted from all eligible articles: (i) seizure freedom; (ii) ≥50% reduction in seizure frequency; and (iii) treatment failure. Weighted averages (WA) were calculated for outcomes at 6 and 12 months.

Results
A total of 66 studies were included. Regarding the individual outcomes on the efficacy of monotherapy, the highest seizure freedom rate at 6 months was with phenytoin (WA = 72%) while at 12-month pregabalin (WA = 75%) and levetiracetam (WA = 74%) showed highest efficacy. Concerning ≥50% seizure reduction rates, levetiracetam showed highest efficacy at 6 and 12 months (WAs of 82% and 97%, respectively). However, treatment failure rates at 12 months were highest for phenytoin (WA = 34%) and pregabalin (41%). When comparing the described polytherapy combinations with follow-up of ≥6 months, levetiracetam combined with phenytoin was most effective followed by levetiracetam combined with valproic acid.

Conclusion
Given the heterogeneous patient populations and the low scientific quality across the different studies, seizure rates need to be interpreted with caution. Based on the current limited evidence, with the ranking of AEDs being confined to the AEDs studied, levetiracetam, phenytoin, and pregabalin seem to be most effective as AED monotherapy in glioma patients with epilepsy, with levetiracetam showing the lowest treatment failure rate, compared to the other AEDs studied.
Polar or nonpolar? That is not the question for perovskite solar cells
Authors: Huang Boyuan , Liu Zhenghao , Wu Changwei , Zhang Yuan , Zhao Jinjin , Wang Xiao , Li Jiangyu 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSC) are promising next generation photovoltaic technologies, and there is considerable interest in the role of possible polarization of organic-inorganic halide perovskites (OIHPs) in photovoltaic conversion. The polarity of OIHPs is still hotly debated, however. In this review, we examine recent literature on the polarity of OIHPs from both theoretical and experimental points of view, and argue that they can be both polar and nonpolar, depending on composition, processing and environment. Implications of OIHP polarity to photovoltaic conversion are also discussed, and new insights gained through research efforts. In the future, integration of a local scanning probe with global macroscopic measurements in situ will provide invaluable microscopic insight into the intriguing macroscopic phenomena, while synchrotron diffractions and scanning transmission electron microscopy on more stable samples may ultimately settle the debate.
Visceral Adiposity and Severe COVID-19 Disease: Application of an Artificial Intelligence Algorithm to Improve Clinical Risk Prediction
Authors: Goehler Alexander , Hsu Tzu-Ming Harry , Seiglie Jacqueline A , Siedner Mark J , Lo Janet , Triant Virginia , Hsu John , Foulkes Andrea , Bassett Ingrid , Khorasani Ramin , Wexler Deborah J , Szolovits Peter , Meigs James B , Manne-Goehler Jennifer 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Obesity has been linked to severe clinical outcomes among people who are hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We tested the hypothesis that visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is associated with severe outcomes in patients hospitalized with COVID-19, independent of body mass index (BMI).

Methods
We analyzed data from the Massachusetts General Hospital COVID-19 Data Registry, which included patients admitted with polymerase chain reaction–confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection from March 11 to May 4, 2020. We used a validated, fully automated artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm to quantify VAT from computed tomography (CT) scans during or before the hospital admission. VAT quantification took an average of 2 ± 0.5 seconds per patient. We dichotomized VAT as high and low at a threshold of ≥100 cm2 and used Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards regression to assess the relationship between VAT and death or intubation over 28 days, adjusting for age, sex, race, BMI, and diabetes status.

Results
A total of 378 participants had CT imaging. Kaplan-Meier curves showed that participants with high VAT had a greater risk of the outcome compared with those with low VAT (P &lt; .005), especially in those with BMI &lt;30 kg/m2 (P &lt; .005). In multivariable models, the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) for high vs low VAT was unchanged (aHR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.24–3.09), whereas BMI was no longer significant (aHR for obese vs normal BMI, 1.14; 95% CI, 0.71–1.82).

Conclusions
High VAT is associated with a greater risk of severe disease or death in COVID-19 and can offer more precise information to risk-stratify individuals beyond BMI. AI offers a promising approach to routinely ascertain VAT and improve clinical risk prediction in COVID-19.
Photometric follow-up observations and transit timing analysis of HAT-P-37b
Authors: Yang Jia-Mei , Wang Xian-Yu , Li Kai , Liu Yuan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We performed follow-up photometric observations on exoplanetary system HAT-P-37 from 2011 February to 2019 September. The nine new transit light curves of the R and V bands are presented in this work. Based on the new light curves and published literature data, the physical and orbital parameters of HAT-P-37 are refined. In addition, mid-transit times are obtained to update the linear ephemeris, Tc[0] = 2456478.57916 ± 0.00077 [BJDTDB], P = 2.7974415 ± 0.0000025 d. Moreover, the transit timing variations (TTVs) have an rms of 57 s and there is no significant TTV signal. According to dynamic analysis, we excluded the possibility of perturbers with a mass larger than 200M⊕, when located in 1 : 3, 1 : 2, 2 : 3 (interior) or 3 : 2, 2 : 1, 5 : 2, 3 : 1 (exterior) orbital resonance, respectively.
Simultaneous imaging of ER and cytosolic Ca2+ dynamics reveals long-distance ER Ca2+ waves in plants
Authors: Resentini Francesca , Grenzi Matteo , Ancora Daniele , Cademartori Mara , Luoni Laura , Franco Marianna , Bassi Andrea , Bonza Maria Cristina , Costa Alex 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Calcium ions (Ca2+) play a key role in cell signaling across organisms. In plants, a plethora of environmental and developmental stimuli induce specific Ca2+ increases in the cytosol as well as in different cellular compartments including the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The ER represents an intracellular Ca2+ store that actively accumulates Ca2+ taken up from the cytosol. By exploiting state-of-the-art genetically encoded Ca2+ indicators, specifically the ER-GCaMP6-210 and R-GECO1, we report the generation and characterization of an Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) line that allows for simultaneous imaging of Ca2+ dynamics in both the ER and cytosol at different spatial scales. By performing analyses in single cells, we precisely quantified (1) the time required by the ER to import Ca2+ from the cytosol into the lumen and (2) the time required to observe a cytosolic Ca2+ increase upon the pharmacological inhibition of the ER-localized P-Type IIA Ca2+-ATPases. Furthermore, live imaging of mature, soil-grown plants revealed the existence of a wounding-induced, long-distance ER Ca2+ wave propagating in injured and systemic rosette leaves. This technology enhances high-resolution analyses of intracellular Ca2+ dynamics at the cellular level and in adult organisms and paves the way to develop new methodologies aimed at defining the contribution of subcellular compartments in Ca2+ homeostasis and signaling.
The Sensory Gating Inventory-Brief
Authors: Bailey Allen J , Moussa-Tooks Alexandra B , Klein Samuel D , Sponheim Scott R , Hetrick William P 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Sensory Gating Inventory (SGI) is a 36-item measure used to assess an individual’s subjective ability to modulate, filter, over-include, discriminate, attend to, and tolerate sensory stimuli. Due to its theoretical and empirical link with sensory processing deficits, this measure has been used extensively in studies of psychosis and other psychopathology. The current work fills a need within the field for a briefer measure of sensory gating aberrations that maintains the original measure’s utility. For this purpose, large samples (total n = 1552) were recruited from 2 independent sites for item reduction/selection and brief measure validation, respectively. These samples reflected subgroups of individuals with a psychosis-spectrum disorder, at high risk for a psychosis-spectrum disorder, nonpsychiatric controls, and nonpsychosis psychiatric controls. Factor analyses and item-response models were used to create the SGI-Brief (SGI-B; 10 Likert-rated items), a unidimensional self-report measure that retains the original SGI’s transdiagnostic (ie, present across disorders) utility and content breadth. Findings show that the SGI-B has excellent psychometric properties (alpha = 0.92) and demonstrates external validity through strong associations with measures of psychotic symptomatology, theoretically linked measures of personality (eg, perceptual dysregulation), and modest associations with laboratory-based sensory processing tasks in the auditory and visual domains on par with the original version. Accordingly, the SGI-B will be a valuable tool for dimensional and transdiagnostic examination of sensory gating abnormalities within clinical science research, while reducing administrator and participant burden.
Can a charity charge for Filet Mignon?
Authors: Nitikman Joel 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This article considers whether there is any rule in Canadian charities law or the Canadian Income Tax Act prohibiting a registered charity from charging a fair market fee for the charitable goods or services it provides or from realizing a net surplus of revenues over expenses by charging such a fee. In particular, It considers whether a modern educational institution (such as a private university) may charge a market rate of tuition and remain a charity, even if it realizes a surplus of revenue over expenses while doing so.
Effects of Megasphaera elsdenii administration on performance and carcass traits of finishing Bos indicus feedlot cattle
Authors: Lopes Ana Laura , Santos Flávio A P , Meschiatti Murillo , de Oliveira Mario Olímpio , Fernandes Juliano J R , Drouillard James S , Cappellozza Bruno I 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of Megasphaera elsdenii administration at the beginning of the feedlot period on performance of Bos taurus indicus bulls. On d 0, 383 Nellore bulls (initial shrunk body weight 384 ± 29.2 kg; initial age = 24 ± 2 mo) were assigned to treatments in a randomized complete block design. Treatments consisted of 1) 14 d adaptation diet and transition to a finishing diet (CONT), 2) CONT plus oral administration of 20 mL of Lactipro-NXT (M. elsdenii) on d 0 of the study (MEG-14), 3) CONT diet, consisting of 6 d of adaptation diet plus oral administration of 20 mL of Lactipro-NXT on d 0 of the study (MEG-6), and 4) No adaptation diet and oral administration of 20 mL of Lactipro-NXT on d 0 of the study (MEG-0). Experimental period lasted 119 d. No treatment effects were observed for any of the performance parameters evaluated herein (P ≥ 0.15). Nonetheless, a treatment × wk interaction was observed for DM, NEm, and NEg intakes (P &lt; 0.0001). For all these parameters, MEG-0 and MEG-6 had a reduced intake vs. MEG-14 and CONT in the first wk of the study (P ≤ 0.05). For the carcass traits, no effects were observed for HCW (P ≥ 0.24), whereas MEG-6 had a greater REA when compared with MEG-0 and MEG-14 (quadratic effect; P = 0.04) and MEG-administered bulls tended to have a greater BFT vs. CONT (P = 0.08). In summary, M. elsdenii administration at the beginning of the feedlot period did not improve performance, whereas reducing the length of the adaptation period for 6 d improved REA of finishing Bos taurus indicus bulls.
Cerebellar and Cortical Correlates of Internal and External Speech Error Monitoring
Authors: Runnqvist Elin , Chanoine Valérie , Strijkers Kristof , Pattamadilok Chotiga , Bonnard Mireille , Nazarian Bruno , Sein Julien , Anton Jean-Luc , Dorokhova Lydia , Belin Pascal , Alario F- Xavier 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAn event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging study examined how speakers inspect their own speech for errors. Concretely, we sought to assess 1) the role of the temporal cortex in monitoring speech errors, linked with comprehension-based monitoring; 2) the involvement of the cerebellum in internal and external monitoring, linked with forward modeling; and 3) the role of the medial frontal cortex for internal monitoring, linked with conflict-based monitoring. In a word production task priming speech errors, we observed enhanced involvement of the right posterior cerebellum for trials that were correct, but on which participants were more likely to make a word as compared with a nonword error (contrast of internal monitoring). Furthermore, comparing errors to correct utterances (contrast of external monitoring), we observed increased activation of the same cerebellar region, of the superior medial cerebellum, and of regions in temporal and medial frontal cortex. The presence of the cerebellum for both internal and external monitoring indicates the use of forward modeling across the planning and articulation of speech. Dissociations across internal and external monitoring in temporal and medial frontal cortex indicate that monitoring of overt errors is more reliant on vocal feedback control.
Gastrointestinal Manifestations of Pediatric Coronavirus Disease and Their Relationship with a Severe Clinical Course: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Bolia Rishi , Dhanesh Goel Akhil , Badkur Mayank , Jain Vidhi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Data on the gastrointestinal (GI) manifestations of Pediatric Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) are conflicting and the relationship between GI involvement and the severity of COVID-19 disease has not been evaluated. The objectives of this systematic review were to determine the GI manifestations of pediatric COVID-19 and to evaluate their role as risk factors for a severe clinical course.

Methods
: A systematic literature search was carried out in PubMed and Scopus for studies published before 31 December 2020 with information about the GI manifestations of pediatric COVID-19. Patients with a severe and nonsevere clinical course were compared using the inverse variance heterogeneity model and odds ratio (OR) as the effect size. A sensitivity analysis was performed if the heterogeneity was high among studies.

Results
A total of 811 studies were identified through a systematic search of which 55 studies (4369 patients) were included in this systematic review. The commonest GI symptoms were diarrhea—19.08% [95% confidence interval (CI) 10.6–28.2], nausea/vomiting 19.7% (95% CI 7.8–33.2) and abdominal pain 20.3% (95% CI 3.7–40.4). The presence of diarrhea was significantly associated with a severe clinical course with a pooled OR of 3.97 (95% CI 1.80–8.73; p &lt; 0.01). Abdominal pain and nausea/vomiting were not associated with disease severity.

Conclusions
Diarrhea, nausea/vomiting or abdominal pain are present in nearly one-fifth of all children with COVID-19. The presence of diarrhea portends a severe clinical course.