bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lump chains in the KP‐I equation
Authors: Lester Charles , Gelash Andrey , Zakharov Dmitry , Zakharov Vladimir 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe construct a broad class of solutions of the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (KP)‐I equation by using a reduced version of the Grammian form of the ‐function. The basic solution is a linear periodic chain of lumps propagating with distinct group and wave velocities. More generally, our solutions are evolving linear arrangements of lump chains, and can be viewed as the KP‐I analogues of the family of line‐soliton solutions of KP‐II. However, the linear arrangements that we construct for KP‐I are more general, and allow degenerate configurations such as parallel or superimposed lump chains. We also construct solutions describing interactions between lump chains and individual lumps, and discuss the relationship between the solutions obtained using the reduced and regular Grammian forms.
Chloroplasts alter their morphology and accumulate at the pathogen interface during infection by Phytophthora infestans
Authors: Savage Zachary , Duggan Cian , Toufexi Alexia , Pandey Pooja , Liang Yuxi , Segretin María Eugenia , Yuen Lok Him , Gaboriau David C. A. , Leary Alexandre Y. , Tumtas Yasin , Khandare Virendrasinh , Ward Andrew D. , Botchway Stanley W. , Bateman Benji C. , Pan Indranil , Schattat Martin , Sparkes Imogen , Bozkurt Tolga O. 
Published: July 2021

SummaryUpon immune activation, chloroplasts switch off photosynthesis, produce antimicrobial compounds and associate with the nucleus through tubular extensions called stromules. Although it is well established that chloroplasts alter their position in response to light, little is known about the dynamics of chloroplast movement in response to pathogen attack. Here, we report that during infection with the Irish potato famine pathogen Phytophthora infestans, chloroplasts accumulate at the pathogen interface, associating with the specialized membrane that engulfs the pathogen haustorium. The chemical inhibition of actin polymerization reduces the accumulation of chloroplasts at pathogen haustoria, suggesting that this process is partially dependent on the actin cytoskeleton. However, chloroplast accumulation at haustoria does not necessarily rely on movement of the nucleus to this interface and is not affected by light conditions. Stromules are typically induced during infection, embracing haustoria and facilitating chloroplast interactions, to form dynamic organelle clusters. We found that infection‐triggered stromule formation relies on BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1‐ASSOCIATED KINASE 1 (BAK1)‐mediated surface immune signaling, whereas chloroplast repositioning towards haustoria does not. Consistent with the defense‐related induction of stromules, effector‐mediated suppression of BAK1‐mediated immune signaling reduced stromule formation during infection. On the other hand, immune recognition of the same effector stimulated stromules, presumably via a different pathway. These findings implicate chloroplasts in a polarized response upon pathogen attack and point to more complex functions of these organelles in plant–pathogen interactions.
Impact of universal irradiation on chronic transfusion for sickle cell disease
Authors: Salinas Cisneros Gabriel , Webb Jennifer , Luban Naomi L. C. , Nickel Robert Sheppard 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundIrradiation of blood products prevents transfusion‐associated graft‐versus‐host disease, but most patients do not require this modification which could have an adverse impact on transfusion outcomes. We hypothesized that irradiation may increase transfusion requirements for patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) receiving chronic transfusion.Study Design and MethodsOur pediatric hospital implemented a new policy of universal blood product irradiation in May 2018. We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients with SCD receiving chronic red blood cell (RBC) transfusion throughout the year before and after institution of this policy. The primary outcome was the change in RBC transfusion volume per patient weight transfused during the pre‐ vs. post‐ universal irradiation period. Secondary outcomes were the change in median pretransfusion laboratory values.ResultsAmong 17 patients, 8 (47%) received more RBCs the year before irradiation and 9 (53%) received more the year after irradiation. Implementation of universal irradiation did not significantly increase transfusion volumes needed to clinically manage this population (median change +1.7 ml/kg/year, p = .54). Additionally, there were no significant changes in absolute reticulocyte count, hemoglobin, hemoglobin S%, white blood cell count, lactate dehydrogenase, total bilirubin, serum potassium, and ferritin during the two time periods.ConclusionIn a cohort of patients with SCD receiving simple chronic transfusion, irradiation did not impact transfusion requirements or pertinent pretransfusion laboratory values. Irradiation does not appear to have clinically significant consequences for SCD chronic transfusion management.
Low rates of transfusion‐transmitted infection screening in chronically transfused adults with sickle cell disease
Authors: Chidambaram Vignesh , Jones Jennifer M. , Lokhandwala Parvez M. , Bloch Evan M. , Lanzkron Sophie , Stewart Rosalyn , Pecker Lydia H. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundAdults with sickle cell disease (SCD) on chronic transfusion therapy are exposed to a large volume of blood products, thus increasing their risk of transfusion‐associated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C (HCV), and hepatitis B (HBV).MethodsWe performed a systematic chart review of chronically transfused SCD subjects at the Johns Hopkins Sickle Cell Center for Adults between October 2014 and September 2019 to determine our Center's adherence to the 2014 National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) SCD guidelines for annual screening for Transfusion Transmitted infections (TTI) and assessed HBV immunity and HBV vaccination rates.ResultsThe study included 85 subjects with a median age of 34 years (23–63); 52% were female. No subject received annual screening; 68 subjects (80%) were screened for HIV, 60 subjects (71%) for HCV and 53 subjects (62%) for HBV infections at least once in the study period. Of those screened, one patient was newly diagnosed with HCV infection, and none with HIV or HBV infection. Among 31 subjects tested for anti‐Hepatitis B surface antibody, 16 subjects (52%) tested negative. Nineteen (20%) subjects had HBV vaccination documented.ConclusionsLow adherence to the NHLBI TTI screening guidelines, especially for HBV, highlights the resource intensiveness of this patient population. The low rates of anti‐Hepatitis B surface antibody positivity highlight the need to confirm vaccination, provide boosters as indicated, and investigate the adults with SCD's immune response to HBV vaccination.
Hemodynamically Unloading the Distal Pulmonary Circulation in Pulmonary Hypertension: A Modeling Study
Authors: Walter Rachelle , Hunter Kendall , Stenmark Kurt , Kheyfets Vitaly O. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive disease that is characterized by a gradual increase in both resistive and reactive pulmonary arterial (PA) impedance. Previous studies in a rodent model of PH have shown that reducing the hemodynamic load in the left lung (by banding the left PA) reverses this remodeling phenomenon. However, banding a single side of the pulmonary circulation is not a viable clinical option, so-using in silico modeling–we evaluated if the banding effect can be recreated by replacing the proximal vasculature with a compliant synthetic PA. We developed a computational model of the pulmonary circulation by combining a one-dimensional model of the proximal vasculature with a zero-dimensional line transmission model to the 12th generation. Using this model, we performed four simulations: (1) Control; (2) PH; (3) PH with a stenosis in the left PA; and (4) PH with proximal vessel compliance returned to Control levels. Simulations revealed that vascular changes associated with PH result in an increase in pulse pressure (PP), maximum pressure (Pmax), maximum wall shear stress (WSS), and maximum circumferential stress (σθθ) relative to controls, in the distal circulation. Banding the left PA reduced these measurements of hemodynamic stress in the left lung, but increases them in the right lung. Furthermore, left PA banding increased reactive PA impedance. However, returning the proximal PA compliance to Control levels simultaneously decreased all measures of hemodynamic stress in both lungs, and returned reactive PA impedance to normal levels. In conclusion, if future in vivo studies support the idea of hemodynamic unloading as an effective therapy for PH, this can be surgically achieved by replacing the proximal PA with a compliant prosthesis, and it will have the added benefit of reducing reactive right ventricular afterload.
Tribological Performance of Circular-Concave-and-Spherical-Convex Compound Texture Under Hydrodynamic Lubrication
Authors: Zeng Fankeng , Cheng Yu , Wan Zhenping , Long Zhineng , Zhang Zhihui , Tang Yong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A novel circular-concave-and-spherical-convex (CCSC) compound texture in which a spherical convex is created in a circular concave was proposed to further improve the tribological performance of the circular concave texture under hydrodynamic lubrication. A numerical model based on the Reynolds equation was established to explore the effect of the spherical convex on tribological performance. The numerical results indicate that the spherical convex can enhance the lubricant suction and generate second hydrodynamic lubrication in the inlet region and bring about divergent wedge in the outlet region, and the two competing mechanisms determine the load-bearing capacity of the compound texture. There exists an optimal spherical convex height that makes the load-bearing capacity maximum at a specified minimum lubricating film height, and the optimal value decreases with the minimum lubricating film height increasing. For the compound texture with the optimal spherical convex height, the load-bearing capacity rises with the spherical convex bottom diameter increasing. Tribological experiments were conducted to examine the numerical results using a pin-on-disc test machine, and the experimental results agree well with the numerical results. The maximum friction reduction for the compound texture is 44% in comparison with smooth surface, whereas it is 21% compared with the optimal circular concave texture under the same conditions.
Study on Roughness Parameters Screening and Characterizing Surface Contact Performance Based on Sensitivity Analysis
Authors: Duo Yang , Jinyuan Tang , Wei Zhou , Yuqin Wen 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
As microtopography can influence the contact behavior of materials, it is of great significance to study the correlation between morphology characterization parameters and contact performance. In the light of complex relevance of parameters, a method for screening roughness parameters (RP) to characterize contact performance is constructed to get the maximum influence parameters on the contact stress (CS) and avoid the error of experiential selection. First, Pearson's coefficient and back propagation (BP) neural network are utilized to elaborate on correlation level between RP and CS and to build the regression model. Then global sensitivity analysis (Sobol) and local sensitivity analysis (MIV and Garson) are introduced to demonstrate RP quantitative influences on CS and select main RP for characterizing contact performance. The research shows (1) in the correlation analysis, RP with high correlation and noncollinearity on σmax are Sa, Sdq, S5p, Spk, and Svk; With regard to Mpmax and τmax, Sa, S5p, Sdq, and Vmp are on display, (2) RP importance sequence based on the results of correlation analysis is Sa, Spk, Sdq, Svk, S5p for σmax, and Sa, Vmp, Sdq, S5p for Mpmax and τmax, and (3) For the comprehensive main parameters model, RP for characterizing contact performance under the three contact stresses are Sa, Spk, and Vmp, belonging to height parameter, function parameter, and volume parameter, respectively. According to definition, all of them can significantly affect the stress concentration and distribution on contact surface of materials, which validates the rationality of the method.
Economic Control for a Residential Photovoltaic-Battery System by Combining Stochastic Model Predictive Control and Improved Correction Strategy
Authors: Deng Xinchen , Deng Zhongwei , Song Ziyou , Lin Xianke , Hu Xiaosong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Photovoltaic (PV) power generation can help reduce households’ electricity from the power grid and thus reduce electricity bills. However, due to the intermittence and time-varying nature of PV power generation, part of the clean energy will be wasted. Especially in some places where PV power is allowed to be sold to the power grid, the PV power that exceeds the feed-in limit will be curtailed to reduce the pressure on the infrastructure of the power grid. Battery energy storage systems (BESSs) as energy buffers have attracted increasing attention to help improve the penetration of PV power to households. This paper presents an adaptive energy management method to minimize the energy cost of residential PV-battery systems. First, the uncertainty of the predictive electricity demand and PV power supply is modeled. Then a stochastic model predictive control (SMPC) strategy is used to determine the optimal power flow of the system. Due to the deviation between the predictive input values and the actual ones, the power flow from SMPC is adjusted based on the improved correction strategy (ICS) proposed in this paper. By comparing with the other two methods (one considers the uncertainty and the other does not), the proposed method can increase the economic benefits of the system by 18% and 63%, respectively. The wasted PV power that exceeds the feed-in limit can also be reduced by 24% and 31%. This verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method to improve the system's economic benefits and self-consumption of clean energy.
Phanerozoic record of mantle-dominated arc magmatic surges in the Zealandia Cordillera
Authors: Ringwood M.F. , Schwartz J.J. , Turnbull R.E. , Tulloch A.J. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We integrated new and existing bedrock and detrital zircon dates from the Zealandia Cordillera to explore the tempo of Phanerozoic arc magmatism along the paleo-Pacific margin of southeast Gondwana. We found that episodic magmatism was dominated by two high-magma-addition-rate (MAR) events spaced ∼250 m.y. apart in the Devonian (370–368 Ma) and the Early Cretaceous (129–105 Ma). The intervening interval between high-MAR events was characterized by prolonged, low-MAR activity in a geographically stable location for more than 100 m.y. We found that the two high-MAR events in Zealandia have distinct chemistries (S-type for the Devonian and I-type for the Cretaceous) and are unlikely to have been related by a repeating, cyclical process. Like other well-studied arc systems worldwide, the Zealandia Cordillera high-MAR events were associated with upper-plate deformation; however, the magmatic events were triggered by enhanced asthenospheric mantle melting in two distinct arc-tectonic settings—a retreating slab and an advancing slab, respectively. Our results demonstrate that dynamic changes in the subducting slab were primary controls in triggering mantle flare-up events in the Phanerozoic Zealandia Cordillera.
Synthesis, Thermoresponsive Behavior, and Catalytic Properties of Amphiphilic Diblock Copolymers of N-Vinylcaprolactam and N-Vinylimidazole
Authors: Barabanova A. I. , Blagodatskikh I. V. , Vyshivannaya O. V. , Muranov A. V. , Peregudov A. S. , Khokhlov A. R. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Thermoresponsive diblock copolymers (DCs) were prepared by two-stage reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer/macromolecular design by interchange of xanthate (RAFT/MADIX) polymerization of N-vinylcaprolactam and N-vinylimidazole (VI). The poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) (PVCL) blocks were first synthesized and used as macro-chain transfer agent in VI polymerization. The temperature behavior of PVCL and DCs in aqueous media has been studied by static and dynamic light scattering. It has been shown that the phase separation temperature of both PVCLs and DCs depends on the length of the PVCL chain and the composition of aqueous solvent. The temperature range above the PVCL θ temperature and below the cloud point is characterized by the conformational rearrangements leading to the formation of mesoglobules. The study of catalytic activity of DCs in the hydrolysis reaction of p-nitrophenyl propionate has shown that their activity substantially increases in this transitional temperature region owing to the formation of highly developed hydrophilic–hydrophobic interfaces inside the mesoglobules.
Young adult with Cantú syndrome: dealing with a rare genetic skin disorder
Authors: Roessler Helen I , van Haaften Gijs , van Haelst Mieke M 
Published: July 2021

This case report of a young adult with Cantú syndrome (CS) illustrates a remarkable journey of learning how to cope with symptom management and emotional impact associated with a rare skin condition. We describe a 20-year-old woman with a CS-related mutation inABCC9resulting in clinical manifestations, including congenital hypertrichosis, facial dysmorphism and cardiomegaly. As of yet, no treatment is available for CS.Little is known about the impact of CS and similar (skin) conditions on the life of affected individuals, and about their needs and preferences in this regard. Hence, we describe the psychosocial implications our case had to deal with immediately after her diagnosis. In addition, we outline her significant progress in managing disease-associated features and emotional stress prompted by considerable personal development and an increase in confidence. This example shows that a normal lifestyle is achievable for (newly diagnosed) individuals despite suffering from CS or a related skin disorder.
Review of neurological rehabilitation for Multiple Sclerosis in the British Military
Authors: O'Sullivan Oliver , Allsopp L , Mitchell J , Price L , Tourle K , Ellis H 
Published: July 2021

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive neurological disorder, classically presenting in working age adults, including those in the Armed Forces. The Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre (DMRC) Stanford Hall offers vocationally focused neurorehabilitation services for service personnel (SP) with MS, with the goal to minimise disability, maximise independence and remain able to work.This paper has two aims. First, it briefly provides a clinical update of MS, focusing on pathology, presentation, diagnosis and management. Finally, it will describe the role of DMRC and data from the last decade in the management of MS.Our findings suggest not all SP with MS are being referred to DMRC, and some of those who do have significant delays, potentially impacting on patient support, symptom management and occupational outcomes. It is hoped that this paper will improve awareness and recognition of MS for Armed Forces personnel.
Effects of integrated models of care for diabetes and hypertension in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Rohwer Anke , Uwimana Nicol Jeannine , Toews Ingrid , Young Taryn , Bavuma Charlotte M , Meerpohl Joerg 
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesTo assess the effects of integrated models of care for people with multimorbidity including at least diabetes or hypertension in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) on health and process outcomes.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesWe searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, LILACS, Africa-Wide, CINAHL and Web of Science up to 12 December 2019.Eligibility criteriaWe included randomised controlled trials (RCTs), non-RCTs, controlled before-and-after studies and interrupted time series (ITS) studies of people with diabetes and/or hypertension plus any other disease, in LMICs; assessing the effects of integrated care.Data extraction and synthesisTwo authors independently screened retrieved records; extracted data and assessed risk of bias. We conducted meta-analysis where possible and assessed certainty of evidence using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation.ResultsOf 7568 records, we included five studies—two ITS studies and three cluster RCTs. Studies were conducted in South Africa (n=3), Uganda/Kenya (n=1) and India (n=1). Integrated models of care compared with usual care may make little or no difference to mortality (very low certainty), the number of people achieving blood pressure (BP) or diabetes control (very low certainty) and access to care (very low certainty); may increase the number of people who achieve both HIV and BP/diabetes control (very low certainty); and may have a very small effect on achieving HIV control (very low certainty). Interventions to promote integrated delivery of care compared with usual care may make little or no difference to mortality (very low certainty), depression (very low certainty) and quality of life (very low certainty); and may have little or no effect on glycated haemoglobin (low certainty), systolic BP (low certainty) and total cholesterol levels (low certainty).ConclusionsCurrent evidence on the effects of integrated care on health outcomes is very uncertain. Programmes and policies on integrated care must consider context-specific factors related to health systems and populations.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018099314.
General practitioner and nurse practitioner attitudes towards electronic reminders in primary care: a qualitative analysis
Authors: Cecil Elizabeth , Dewa Lindsay Helen , Ma Richard , Majeed Azeem , Aylin Paul 
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesReminders in primary care administrative systems aim to help clinicians provide evidence-based care, prescribe safely and save money. However, increased use of reminders can lead to alert fatigue. Our study aimed to assess general practitioners’ (GPs) and nurse practitioners’ (NPs) views on electronic reminders in primary care.DesignA qualitative analysis using semistructured interviews.Setting and participantsFifteen GPs and NP based in general practices located in North-West London and Yorkshire, England.MethodsWe collected data on participants’ views on: (1) perceptions of the value of information provided; (2) reminder-related behaviours and (3) how to improve reminders. We carried out a thematic analysis.ResultsParticipants were familiar with reminders in their clinical systems and felt many were important to support their clinical work. However, participants reported, on average, 70% of reminders were ignored. Four major themes emerged: (1) reaction to a reminder, which was mixed and varied by situation. (2) Factors influencing the decision to act on reminders, often related to experience, consultation styles and interests of participants. Time constraints, alert design, inappropriate presentation and litigation were also factors. (3) Negative consequences of using reminders were increased workload or costs and compromising GP and NPs behaviour. (4) Factors relating to improving users’ engagement with reminders were prevention of unnecessary reminders through data linkage across healthcare administrative systems or the development of more intelligent algorithms. Participants felt training was vital to effectively manage reminders.ConclusionsGPs and NPs believe reminders are useful in supporting the provision of good quality patient care. Improving GPs and NPs’ engagement with reminders centres on further developing their relevance to their clinical practice, which is personalised, considers cognitive workflow and suppresses inappropriate presentation.