bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevention and Management of Microkeratome-related Laser in situ Keratomileusis Complications
Authors: Gimbel Howard V , Iskander Nader G , Peters N Timothy , Penno Ellen Anderson 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To review the most commonly encountered laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) microkeratome-related complications, and the most up-to-date methods in their prevention and treatment.
METHODS: A review of microkeratome-related complications including epithelial complications, bleeding, thin flap, button hole, free cap, incomplete pass, and corneal perforation was conducted. The most recent techniques for prevention and treatment of each complication were included.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Microkeratome complications are difficult to predict. With proper attention to anatomical and mechanical considerations, many can be reduced or prevented. [J Refract Surg 2000;16(suppl):S226-S229]
Refractive Surgery for Hyperopia
Authors: Pershin Kirill B , Pashinova Nadezhda F 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To determine the efficacy, stability, and predictability of refractive surgery for hyperopia using four different procedures: photorefractive keratectomy (PRK), laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK), implantation of a phakic intraocular lens (PIOL), and removing the transparent lens with IOL implantation.
METHODS: We operated on 184 eyes with hyperopia; 56 eyes had less than +2.00 D (low hyperopia), 62 eyes had +2.00 to +5.00 D (moderate hyperopia), and 66 eyes had greater than +5.00 D (high hyperopia). In the low hyperopia group, PRK was used in 22 eyes and LASIK in 34 eyes. In the moderate hyperopia group, PRK was used in 12 eyes and LASIK in 33 eyes, PIOL implantation in 12 eyes, and transparent lens extraction with IOL implantation in 5 eyes. In the high hyperopia group, PRK was used in 7 eyes, LASIK in 12 eyes, PIOL implantation in 21 eyes, and extraction of transparent lens with IOL implantation in 26 eyes. We used the Nidek EC5000 excimer laser and with the Moria LASIK Evolution microkeratome. The transparent lens was removed by phacoemulsification, and the Phacoprofile Storz IOL with optical power from 28.00 to 36.00 D was implanted. The PIOLs were made of a collagen copolymer with a focal power from +6.00 to +12.00 D.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Refraction and visual results depended on amount of baseline hyperopia and age of the patient. For young patients (35 years old or less) with normal accommodation and low or moderate hyperopia, PRK and LASIK were our methods of choice. However, after LASHL stabilization of refraction occurred faster (3 to 12 weeks) compared to PRK, where changes in refraction were noted from 8 to 12 months after surgery. In patients with hyperopia more than +5.00 D, we prefer intraocular methods of correction: phakic IOL implantation for young patients and removing the transparent lens with IOL implantation in patients with presbyopia or anatomical tendency for development of closedangle glaucoma. [J Refract Surg 2000;16(suppl): S242-S246]
Laser in situ Keratomileusis Following Acanthamoeba Keratitis
Authors: Lipshiz Isaac , Man Oran , Varssano David , Lazar Moshe , Loewenstein Anat 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Although data regarding reactivation of microbial corneal infections following LASIK is scarce, the use of excimer laser is known to be an efficient trigger for the reactivation of herpes simplex keratitis. With this in mind, the use of excimer laser, including LASIK, theoretically places the cornea at potential risk for reactivation of other microbial infections. Acanthamoeba keratitis is a severe, painful, sight-threatening infection most often associated with soft contact lens use. Treatment of Acanthamoeba keratitis is notoriously difficult, and despite prolonged administration of anti-protozoal agents such as polyhexamethylene, propamidine isethionate (Brolene), and neomycin, recurrence of the keratitis can occur. Postoperative reactivation following penetrating keratoplasty performed for visual rehabilitation in patients with previous Acanthamoeba keratitis has been documented, and LASIK, when performed on these patients, may raise concerns about the potential risk of reactivation of the infection.
METHODS: We report the case of a myopic patient with previous Acanthamoeba keratitis and corneal scarring who underwent LASIK without preoperative anti-protozoal prophylaxis.
RESULTS: During a 6-month follow-up period after LASIK, no recurrence of the infection was noted.
CONCLUSION: In our patient who previously suffered from Acanthamoeba keratitis and underwent LASDX, no reactivation of the infection was seen. [J Refract Surg 2000;16(suppl):S251-S252]
Corneal Endothelial Cell Damage After Experimental Diode Laser Thermal Keratoplasty
Authors: Wirbelauer Christopher , Koop Norbert , Tuengler Andreas , Geerling Gerd , Birngruber Reginald , Laqua Horst , Brinkmann Ralf 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety of diode laser thermal keratoplasty (LTK) with respect to corneal endothelial cell damage.
METHODS: In an in vitro animal model system, porcine eyes were irradiated with a continuously emitting laser diode at wavelengths (?) of 1.85 or 1.87 µta, corresponding to an absorption coefficient (µa) of 1.1 or 2.0 mm1. Different irradiation and application parameters were tested serially. To determine the temperature threshold for endothelial damage, corneal buttons were analyzed separately in a waterbath experiment. The endothelial damage was assessed after trypan blue and alizarin red supravital staining under light microscopy.
RESULTS: The thresholds for the 50% probability of thermal damage (ED50) were determined at corneal temperatures of 65° C for a 10-second water-bath immersion, and 59° C for 60 seconds. Coagulations that reached the deeper stromal layers revealed severe endothelial cellular alterations and areas of exposed Descemet's membrane. The thermally induced changes were dependent on laser power and the absorption coefficient (wavelength). Mean diameter of total endothelial cell damage was 245 ±154 µ?? (range, 0 to 594 µ??) for an absorption coefficient of 1.1 mm1. The maximal lateral extent of endothelial cell damage induced by the laser exposure was 594 µp? in diameter. Increasing the absorption coefficient decreased the penetration depth of the laser irradiation, creating a greater temperature rise within the corneal stroma and significantly less endothelial damage (P < .01), when the same laser power was applied. The calculated total area of damage for the paracentral human corneal endothelium ranged from 1.8% to 13.6%.
CONCLUSION: Data obtained in this in vitro study were transferred to an endothelial cell damage nomogram, demonstrating that appropriate parameter improvements can minimize the adverse effects to the corneal endothelium. However, model adjustment to the human cornea indicates the potential for endothelial cell damage after diode laser thermal keratoplasty, and should be considered when performing this elective procedure. [J Refract Surg 2000;16:323-329]
Keratectasia Induced by Laser in situ Keratomileusis in Keratoconus
Authors: Schmitt-Bernard Clair-Florent M , Lesage Cécile , Arnaud Bernard 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Corneal thinning disorders weaken the mechanical strength of affected corneas, suggesting that photorefractive procedures may be contraindicated in keratoconus. Few cases have been reported to confirm this hypothesis.
METHODS: A 45-year-old man had two laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) procedures and one photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) performed on his left eye, and three LASIK procedures on his right eye. After these surgeries, a dramatic corneal ectasia and gl'ade III haze occurred in both eyes, with a clinical diagnosis of keratoconus. The changes in his corneas were followed with videokeratography and slit-lamp microscopy.
RESULTS: Preoperative videokeratograph of both eyes suggested keratoconus. After multiple refractive procedures, the best spectacle-corrected visual acuity was as low as 20/1200 bilaterally. Both eyes displayed dramatic corneal protrusion with corneal scarring.
CONCLUSIONS: This case emphasizes the need for preoperative corneal thickness measurement and detailed analysis of videokeratographs. Thinning corneal disorders such as keratoconus, keratoconus suspects, or pellucid marginal degeneration are a contraindication for excimer laser ablative refractive procedures. [J Refract Surg 2000;16:368-370]
Partial Dislocation of Laser in situ Keratomileusis Flap by Air Bag Injury
Authors: Lemley Heath L , Chodosh James , Wolf Thomas C , Bogie Charles P , Hawkins Thomas C 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: A patient developed significant corneal complications from air bag deployment, 17 months after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK).
METHODS: Case report, slit-lamp microscopy, and review of the medical literature.
RESULTS: A 37-year-old woman underwent bilateral LASIK with resultant 20/20 uncorrected visual acuity. Seventeen months later, she sustained facial and ocular injuries from air bag deployment during a motor vehicle accident. Examination revealed bilateral corneal abrasions, partial dislocation of the right corneal LASIK flap, and a hyphema in the right eye. The LASIK flap was realigned, but recovery was complicated by a slowly healing epithelial defect and flap edema. One month following the injury, epithelial ingrowth beneath the LASIK flap was noted. Surgical elevation of the flap and removal of the epithelial ingrowth was performed. Eight months later, epithelial ingrowth was absent and the visual acuity was 20/40. Residual irregular astigmatism necessitated rigid gas permeable contact lens fitting to achieve 20/20 visual acuity.
CONCLUSIONS: Air bags may cause significant ocular trauma. The wound healing response of LASIK allows corneal flap separation from its stromal bed for an indeterminate time after surgery. Discussion of the possible risk of corneal trauma as part of informed consent prior to LASIK may be appropriate. [J Refract Surg 2000;16:373-374]
Surgically-induced Astigmatism After Laser in situ Keratomileusis for Spherical Myopia
Authors: Huang David , Sur Steven , Seffo Firas , Meisler David M , Krueger Ronald R 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To characterize the surgicallyinduced-astigmatism (SIA) associated with spherical LASIK.
METHODS: Refractive outcomes in 70 eyes that underwent primary myopic LASIK with purely spherical ablation were analyzed. The Summit Apex Plus excimer laser was used. The Bausch & Lomb Hansatome with the 180-µ?? plate was used to produce superiorly hinged flaps. The relationship between refractive astigmatism and corneal topographic astigmatism was analyzed using linear regression and vector analysis.
RESULTS: There was a statistically significant negative correlation (slope = -0.21) between refractive surgically-induced astigmatism and preoperative topographic cylinder. A 0.24-D with-the-rule shift was also found. Surgically-induced astigmatism was not correlated with the magnitude of laser ablation.
CONCLUSION: The lamellar keratotomy portion of LASIK reduces pre-existing corneal astigmatism and produces a relative steepening of the hinge meridian. [J Refract Surg 2000;16:515-518]
Principles of Ray Tracing Aberrometry
Authors: Molebny Vasyl V , Panagopoulou Sophia I , Molebny Sergiy V , Wakil Youssef S , Pallikaris Ioannis G 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Of all transforms of an eye, aberrations are significant when higher visual acuity is to be achieved. Ray tracing aberrometry developed by the Institute of Biomedical Engineering (Kiev) and first tested at the Vardinoyannion Eye Institute of Crete is a promising technique for eye refraction aberration and refraction mapping.
METHODS: The technique uses measurement of the position of a thin laser beam projected onto the retina. The beam is directed into the eye parallel to the visual axis. Each entrance point provides its own projection on the retina. A set of entrance points forms a set of projections. From these data, a refraction map is reconstructed as well as a point spread function of the eye. The total time of scanning over the whole aperture of the eye is within 10 to 20 ms and depends on the number of test points at the eye entrance, as well as on the number of independent measurements in each point. Configuration of the scanning pattern can be chosen by the operator. It may contain 60 to 400 points, each checked 1 to 5 times.
RESULTS: Preliminary studies showed high reproducibility of results. Twenty Pseudophakie eyes were subjected to 30 consecutive measurements each. Ninety-five percent of all measured values were within ±0.20 D of declination from the mean.
CONCLUSIONS: Ray tracing aberrometry is a flexible technology for eye investigation. It can be adapted to any laser technique of vision correction Its further development should be oriented on laser-linked applications of the refraction driven refractive surgery. [J Refract Surg 2000;16: S572-S575]
Slit Skiascopic-guided Ablation Using the Nidek Laser
Authors: MacRae Scott , Fujieda Masanao 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To present the approach of using a scanning slit refractometer (the ARK 10000) in conjunction with a corneal topography system to guide customized corneal ablation. This diagnostic system is coupled with the Nidek EC-5000 system which combines scanning slit and a scanning small area ablation (1.0 mm) to perform a customized ablation.
METHODS: The ARK 10000 diagnostic system which contains a scanning slit refractometer is described. Information generated from the ARK 10000 wavefront sensor and corneal topography system can be coupled to the new Nidek EC-5000 excimer laser system, which combines the larger area of scanning slit ablation with the small area (1.0 mm) ablation.
RESUETS: The Nidek ARK 10000 diagnostic system captures wavefront information using a retinoscopic system which is converted into a refractive power map. This is different from other autorefraction systems in that it has four sensors at different diameters of the cornea and captures 1440 points in 0.4 seconds. This map is used in conjunction with corneal topography-captured simultaneously. This information is then combined to perform a customized ablation using the new Nidek EC-5000 system.
CONCLUSIONS: The ARK 10000 diagnostic system represents a different approach to customized ablation in that it combines a corneal topography system with a wavefront system and a larger treatment area of the traditional scanning slit ablation with a new small area ablation treatment for greater efficiency. [J Refract Surg 2000;16: S576-S580]
Operative Correction of Ocular Aberrations to Improve Visual Acuity
Authors: Seiler Theo , Mrochen Michael , Kaemmerer Maik 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Optical aberrations of the human eye degrade the quality of the retinal image and may, therefore, represent a major limit of visual acuity.
METHODS: In 15 eyes, ocular aberrations were corrected in addition to myopia and astigmatism by means of wavefront-guided laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK).

RESULTS: At 1 month after surgery, a supernormal visual acuity of 20/10 and better was obtained in 4 eyes (27%). The increase in root mean square wavefront error ranged from 0.6 to 2.3 and was significantly correlated with the increase in visual acuity (R
p 2
= 0.79; P - .03).

CONCLUSION: Although the correction of aberrations was not yet optimal, these results show that ocular optical aberrations limit visual acuity in humans and supernormal visual acuity can be achieved by operative correction. [J Refract Surg 2000;16:S619-S622]
Line of Sight and Alternative Representations of Aberrations of the Eye
Authors: Klein Stanley A , Garcia Daniel D 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Several methods for representing pupil plane aberrations based on wavefront height, slope, and curvature are discussed. The choice of reference axis and reference surface is shown to strongly affect the appearance of the representation. Special attention will be paid to the use of the line of sight (the line from the fixation point to the center of the pupil) as the reference axis. We show that the line of sight is ambiguous and does not determine the amount of prism in the wavefront. [J Refract Surg 2000;16:S630-S6351
Muscular Asthenopia and Eccentric Ablation After Photorefractive Keratectomy
Authors: Wu Guoen , Xie Lixin , Yao Zhan 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To investigate the relationship between muscular asthenopia and eccentric ablation after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK).
METHODS: Sixteen eyes of eight myopic patients whose muscular asthenopia was corrected by subjectively accepted spectacle prism after PRK, with visual acuity better than 0.8, were followed for 6 to 14 months. On the basis of preoperative and postoperative data and corneal topography, we calculated the total corrected corneal power using the Holladay formula and then measured the ablation eccentricity (h, millimeters) and its direction. According to the formula δ ≅ Dh, the prism effective value (δ) caused by the eccentric ablation was computed and compared with the objectively accepted spectacle prism.
RESULTS: The subjectively accepted spectacle prisms were similar to calculated values from the formula. Mean difference was 0.10 ± 0.25^sup Δ^. The direction of the subjectively accepted prism was in the direction of the ablation deviation.
CONCLUSIONS: Eccentric ablation is an important cause of muscular visual asthenopia after PRK. The asthenopia may be corrected by spectacle prism. The spectacle prism value may be estimated by the formula δ ≅ Dh. [J Refract Surg 2001;17:380-382]
Use of Healon in Anterior Segment Trauma
Authors: Rashid Edward R , Waring George O 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Healon can assist in the repair of penetrating segment injuries by maintaining a deep anterior chamber that allows easier suturing of the wound and easier repositioning of the iris, by protecting the corneal endothelium during surgery, and by separating peripheral iridocorneal adhesions. We describe this technique in repair of an eye with a limbus-to-limbus corneal laceration.
Lensectomy-Vitrectomy for Stage V Cicatricial Retrolental Fibroplasia
Authors: Merritt John C , Lawson Edward E , Sprague David H , Eifrig David E 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Ten infants (18 eyes) blind from stage V cicatricial retrolental fibroplasia were examined from January 1978 to January 1981 at North Carolina Memorial Hospital. The early perinatal factors which may have predisposed to the blinding end-stage cicatrix are identified. To increase their visual potential and to prevent secondary angle closure glaucoma, 12 lensectomy-vitrectomies were performed on 12 eyes (eight infants). One eye (one infant) had a pars plana vitrectomy without lensectomy. Seven eyes (seven infants) were not operated. Five of these eyes five infants) had stage V RLF while two eyes (two infants) remained stable at stage II RLF. All retinas remained detached immediately after surgery. Secondary vitrectomies with air injections (three eyes, two infants) similarly failed to attach any retinas. Adherence of ciliary epithelium to clear lens and retrolental membrane as visualized within the dilated pupil (Eifrig-Merritt sign) was an intra-operative indicator of imminent surgical failure. Two eyes (two infants) developed early vitreous hemorrhages, hyphemas, secondary glaucoma, and phthisis bulbi within 12 months. Follow-up data were unavailable on two infants. Blindness secondary to cicatricial retrolental fibroplasia is increasing due to increased survival of low birth-weight premature infants. Since surgical visual rehabilitation is not possible after the retrolental cicatrix has formed, the risk factors common to this high risk population should prompt preventive therapies.
Spontaneous Repair of the Medial Canthus After Removal of Basal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Fier Robert H , Older J Justin 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Basal cell carcinomas are the most common form of malignant eyelid tumors and occur frequently in the medial canthus. Repair of the resulting defect by spontaneous granulation yields a good cosmetic result. This alternative technique provides advantages over skin flaps and grafts.
Late Hyphema After Filtering Surgery for Glaucoma
Authors: Wilensky Jacob T 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Four eyes of three patients developed spontaneous hyphemas eight months to three years after uncomplicated glaucoma filtering surgery. In two of the four eyes abnormal vessels could be seen at the internal margin of the trabeculectomy opening. Argon laser photocoagulation was successfully used to treat the bleeding, although one eye required multiple sessions.
The Cornea Press: Restoring Donor Corneas to Normal Dimensions and Hydration Before Cryolathing
Authors: Safir Aran , McDonald Marguerite B , Klyce Stephen D , Werblin Theodore P , Kaufman Herbert E 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
The shaping of swollen, abnormally hydrated donor corneal tissue on the cryolathe for use in keratorefractive surgery yields lenticules of insufficiently predictable dioptric powers. The irregular nature of this abnormal hydration precludes the use of mathematical compensating factors. To improve control over the shape of the lenticule, we have developed a cornea press which restores normal hydration and dimensions to the donor tissue by mechanical dehydration.
Use of the Shaw Scalpel in Ophthalmic Surgery
Authors: Moazed Kambiz T , Trokel Stephen L 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
A resistively heated scalpel (Shaw scalpel) was used in ten patients for orbital and lid surgical procedures. The blade temperature is set from 110° to 2700C producing a remarkable hemostatic effect with minimal thermal damage to the incision margins. The instrument has proven useful in preserving a good view of the anatomyduring dissection and specifically it simplifies excision of orbital fat in blepharoplasty and orbital decompressions for Graves' orbitopathy. Significant shortening of surgical procedures was appreciated in all cases.
A Comparison of Etidocaine and Lidocaine for Retrobulbar Anesthesia
Authors: Smith Porter H , Smith Emil R 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
In this double-blind study of retrobulbar block for cataract surgery, 62 patients scheduled for cataract surgery were randomly assigned to treatment with either (1) lidocaine 2% with epinephrine 1:200,000 (21 patients); (2) etidocaine 1% plain (20 patients); or (3) etidocai ne 1% with epinephrine 1:200,000 (21 patients). The time of onset of sensory and motor block after administration of the three drugs was the same. The duration of motor nerve block produced by etidocaine plain and by etidocaine with epinephrine was considerably longer than that produced by lidocaine with epinephrine, and fewer patients reported postoperative pain after either etidocaine plain or etidocaine with epinephrine than after lidocaine with epinephrine.
Two-Stage Neodymium-YAG Laser Trabeculotomy
Authors: Weber Paul A , Keates Richard H , Opremcek E Mitchell , Kapetansky Frederick M , Szymanski Carol 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
A preliminary report of a newly devised glaucoma operation is presented. This procedure combines a non-penetrating trabeculectomy with Neodymium:Yitrium-Aluminum-Garnet (Nd:YAG) trabeculotomy. This thus creates a through and through filtration under a scleral flap without actually entering the anterior chamber.
Cicatricial Ectropion Secondary to Herpes Zoster
Authors: Nasr Amin M , Bayer-Machule Charles K , Yeatts R Patrick 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
We present three patients with cicatricial ectropion of the upper and lower lids secondary to herpes zoster. Surgical release of the lid traction, excision of scars, and full thickness skin grafting were performed with satisfactory results.