bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Young adults’ dynamic relationships with their families in early psychosis: Identifying relational strengths and supporting relational agency
Authors: Boden‐Stuart Zoë V. R. , Larkin Michael , Harrop Chris 
Published: March 2021

ObjectivesMost existing research on the family context of psychosis focuses on the ‘burden’ of caring for people experiencing psychosis. This research is the first to ask young people experiencing early psychosis to ‘map’ and describe their experiences and understandings of their family relationships, and how they have related to their psychosis and recovery.DesignThe research took an inductive, multimodal hermeneutic–phenomenological approach (Boden, Larkin & Iyer, 2019, Qual. Res. Psychology, 16, 218‐236; Boden & Larkin, 2020, A handbook of visual methods in psychology, 358‐375).MethodTen young adults (18–23), under the care of early intervention in psychosis services in the UK, participated in an innovative relational mapping interview (Boden, Larkin & Iyer, 2018), which invited participants to draw a subjective ‘map’ of their important relationships. This visual methodology enables subtle, complex, ambivalent, and ambiguous aspects of the participants’ experiences to be explored.ResultsFindings explore the participants’ accounts of how they love, protect, and care for their families; how they wrestle with family ties as they mature; and their feelings about talking about their mental health with loved ones, which was typically very difficult.ConclusionsThis paper advances understanding of recovery in psychosis through consideration of the importance of reciprocity, and the identification and nurturance of relational strengths. The capacity of a young person to withdraw or hold back when trying to protect others is understood as an example of relational agency. The possibility for extending strengths‐based approaches and family work within the context of early intervention in psychosis services is discussed.Practitioner points

Young adults experiencing early psychosis may benefit from support to identify their relational strengths and the opportunities they have for reciprocity within their family structures, where appropriate.

Relational motivations may be important for a range of behaviours, including social withdrawal and non‐communication. Services may benefit from exploring the young person’s relational context and subjective meaning‐making in regard to these actions.

Young adults experiencing early psychosis may benefit from opportunities to make sense of their family dynamics and how this impacts on their recovery.

Attachment‐based and relationally oriented interventions that increase trust and openness, and reduce feelings of burdensomeness are likely to support family functioning as well as individual recovery.
Genetic containment in vegetatively propagated forest trees: CRISPR disruption of LEAFY function in Eucalyptus gives sterile indeterminate inflorescences and normal juvenile development
Authors: Elorriaga Estefania , Klocko Amy L. , Ma Cathleen , du Plessis Marc , An Xinmin , Myburg Alexander A. , Strauss Steven H. 
Published: March 2021

SummaryEucalyptus is among the most widely planted taxa of forest trees worldwide. However, its spread as an exotic or genetically engineered form can create ecological and social problems. To mitigate gene flow via pollen and seeds, we mutated the Eucalyptus orthologue of LEAFY (LFY) by transforming a Eucalyptus grandis × urophylla wild‐type hybrid and two Flowering Locus T (FT) overexpressing (and flowering) lines with CRISPR Cas9 targeting its LFY orthologue, ELFY. We achieved high rates of elfy biallelic knockouts, often approaching 100% of transgene insertion events. Frameshift mutations and deletions removing conserved amino acids caused strong floral alterations, including indeterminacy in floral development and an absence of male and female gametes. These mutants were otherwise visibly normal and did not differ statistically from transgenic controls in juvenile vegetative growth rate or leaf morphology in greenhouse trials. Genes upstream or near to ELFY in the floral development pathway were overexpressed, whereas floral organ identity genes downstream of ELFY were severely depressed. We conclude that disruption of ELFY function appears to be a useful tool for sexual containment, without causing statistically significant or large adverse effects on juvenile vegetative growth or leaf morphology.
Spray‐induced gene silencing for disease control is dependent on the efficiency of pathogen RNA uptake
Authors: Qiao Lulu , Lan Chi , Capriotti Luca , Ah‐Fong Audrey , Nino Sanchez Jonatan , Hamby Rachael , Heller Jens , Zhao Hongwei , Glass N. Louise , Judelson Howard S. , Mezzetti Bruno , Niu Dongdong , Jin Hailing 
Published: March 2021

SummaryRecent discoveries show that fungi can take up environmental RNA, which can then silence fungal genes through environmental RNA interference. This discovery prompted the development of Spray‐Induced Gene Silencing (SIGS) for plant disease management. In this study, we aimed to determine the efficacy of SIGS across a variety of eukaryotic microbes. We first examined the efficiency of RNA uptake in multiple pathogenic and non‐pathogenic fungi, and an oomycete pathogen. We observed efficient double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) uptake in the fungal plant pathogens Botrytis cinerea, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Rhizoctonia solani, Aspergillus niger and Verticillium dahliae, but no uptake in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and weak uptake in a beneficial fungus, Trichoderma virens. For the oomycete plant pathogen, Phytophthora infestans, RNA uptake was limited and varied across different cell types and developmental stages. Topical application of dsRNA targeting virulence‐related genes in pathogens with high RNA uptake efficiency significantly inhibited plant disease symptoms, whereas the application of dsRNA in pathogens with low RNA uptake efficiency did not suppress infection. Our results have revealed that dsRNA uptake efficiencies vary across eukaryotic microbe species and cell types. The success of SIGS for plant disease management can largely be determined by the pathogen’s RNA uptake efficiency.
EkFLS overexpression promotes flavonoid accumulation and abiotic stress tolerance in plant
Authors: Wang Meng , Zhang Yue , Zhu Chenyu , Yao Xiangyu , Zheng Zhe , Tian Zheni , Cai Xia 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFlavonoids with great medicinal value play an important role in plant individual growth and stress resistance. Flavonol synthetase (FLS) is one of the key enzymes to synthesize flavonoids. However, the role of the FLS gene in flavonoid accumulation and tolerance to abiotic stresses, as well as its mechanism has not yet been investigated systematically in plants. The aim of this research is to evaluate the effect of FLS overexpression on the accumulation of active ingredients and stress resistance in Euphorbia kansui Liou. The results showed that when the EkFLS gene was overexpressed in Arabidopsis thaliana, the accumulation of flavonoids was improved. In addition, when the wild‐type and EkFLS overexpressed Arabidopsis plants were treated with ABA and MeJA, compared with WT Arabidopsis, EkFLS overexpressed Arabidopsis promoted stomatal aperture to influence photosynthesis of the plants, which in turn can promote stress resistance. Meanwhile, under MeJA, NaCl, and PEG treatment, EkFLS overexpressed in Arabidopsis induced higher accumulation of flavonoids, which significantly enhanced peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities that can scavenge reactive oxygen species in cells to protect the plant. These results indicated that EkFLS overexpression is strongly correlated to the increase of flavonoid synthesis and therefore the tolerance to abiotic stresses in plants, providing a theoretical basis for further improving the quality of medicinal plants and their resistance to abiotic stresses simultaneously.
Psychometric properties of the Japanese version of the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory for community‐dwelling older adults
Authors: Kashimura Masami , Ishizu Kenichiro , Fukumori Takaki , Ishiwata Akiko , Tateno Amane , Nomura Toshiaki , Pachana Nancy A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study developed a Japanese version of the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI‐J) and its short form (GAI‐J‐SF) to evaluate anxiety in older adults in Japan and assess these measures’ psychometric properties with a cross‐sectional design.MethodsParticipants (N = 400; mean age: 75 years) were community‐dwelling older adults who answered a set of self‐report questionnaires. They were recruited from a community centre for older persons in the Kanto region of Japan. Of the respondents, 100 participated in a follow‐up survey to evaluate test–retest reliability. Item response theory was adopted to evaluate item parameters.ResultsConfirmatory factor analysis with categorical data suggested that, as with the original Geriatric Anxiety Inventory, the GAI‐J/GAI‐J‐SF had a unifactor structure. Test–retest correlation and internal consistency analyses indicated that these scales had high reliability. Item response theory results showed that both measures' item parameters were acceptable. Correlations with the Penn State Worry Questionnaire, State Trait Anxiety Inventory‐State Only, Generalized Anxiety Disorder‐7 and Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 were mostly consistent with our hypotheses. This supports the high convergent validity of the GAI‐J/GAI‐J‐SF.ConclusionsThe findings indicate that the GAI‐J and the GAI‐J‐SF have robust psychometric properties for assessing late‐life anxiety in older Japanese adults. Future GAI‐J studies in clinical groups are needed.
Stepwise achievement of high convection volume in post‐dilution hemodiafiltration: A prospective observational study
Authors: Kim Do Hyoung , Lee Young‐Ki , Park Hayne Cho , Kim Juhee , Yun Kyu Sang , Cho AJin , Noh Jung‐Woo , Kim Hyunsuk , Kim Seok‐hyung , Yoon Jong‐Woo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHigh‐volume online hemodiafiltration (HDF) has been reported to reduce the patient's mortality. However, achieving a high convection volume is challenging. In this prospective study, we investigated the feasibility of achieving high‐volume HDF with ≥21 L substitution volume via modification of blood flow rate (BFR), needle size, and dialysis membrane. In 30 patients undergoing hemodialysis, we followed a stepwise protocol and gradually increased the BFR (280→300→330 ml/min; steps 1, 2, and 3) and needle size (16→15 G; step 4). After changing dialyzer surface area (1.8 m2→2.5 m2), the BFR and needle size were similarly increased stepwise (steps 5, 6, 7, and 8). The mean substitution volume was 18.7 ± 2.2 L at step 1 and it significantly increased to 25.1 ± 2.6 L by step 8. A substitution volume of 21 L was achieved by 13.3% of patients in step 1 and by 96.7% after step 8. The substitution volume was higher for the dialyzer with a large surface area and for the larger needle (15 G). Between steps 1 and 8, the Kt/V and β2 microglobulin reduction ratios also improved significantly. High‐volume HDF is feasible through a stepwise increase in the BFR, needle size, and surface area of the dialysis membrane.
Australian aid in Papua New Guinea: Men’s views on pay disparities, power imbalances and written products in the development sector
Authors: Peake Gordon , Spark Ceridwen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article explores the frustrations of men – both ‘local’ and ‘international’ – who work in the development sector in Papua New Guinea. It explores the views of men not because they are the only ones to express such dissatisfaction, but because their perspectives have not been documented, other than in informal conversations as occur over drinks or messaging platforms. These multiple narratives show how a combination of pay variations, different cultural vantage points, and bureaucratic dynamics leaves both constituencies feeling inconsequential, diminished, and disempowered. The research extends previous work with women. The article reflects a contribution to three bodies of literature which examine, respectively, the professional middle class in Melanesia; linkages between colonialism and racialised hierarchies reproduced in and through development; and the hierarchies of aid and professionalised international development, structures that have been likened to an ‘aid chain’.
A newly established canine NK‐type cell line and its cytotoxic properties
Authors: Grudzien Malgorzata , Pawlak Aleksandra , Kutkowska Justyna , Ziolo Ewa , Wysokińska Edyta , Hildebrand Wojciech , Obmińska‐Mrukowicz Bożena , Strzadala Leon , Rapak Andrzej 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe established a canine natural killer (NK)‐type cell line called CNK‐89 derived from a dog with NK cell neoplasia. Immunophenotyping analysis showed positive staining for CD5, CD8, CD45, CD56, CD79a and NKp46, while negative for CD3, CD4, CD14, CD20, CD21, CD34, Thy1, IgG, IgM and MHCII. Polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed the presence of CD56, NKG2D, NKp30, NKp44, NKp46 and perforin, but the absence of CD16, Ly49 and granzyme B mRNA. Treating CNK‐89 cells with IL‐2 did not change the expression of activating receptors, TNFα and IFNγ secretion and cytotoxic activity, however, treatment with IL‐12 alone or in combinations with IL‐15, IL‐18 and IL‐21 caused an increase in granzyme B and CD16 mRNA, IFNγ secretion and cytotoxic properties of the CNK‐89 cell line.
Penetrating Keratoplasty in Dogs using Acellular Porcine Corneal Stroma (BioCorneaVet™): A prospective pilot study of five cases
Authors: Lavaud Arnold , Kowalska Malwina Ewa , Voelter Katrin , Pot Simon A. , Rampazzo Antonella 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis prospective pilot study was conducted to evaluate the outcome of a commercially available corneal stroma substitute, Acellular Porcine Corneal Stroma (APCS), in dogs undergoing penetrating keratoplasty (PK) to restore corneal integrity after having deep ulcers.MethodFive dogs (1 eye in each dog) underwent a PK using APCS (BioCorneaVet™) as a graft. The surgical procedure and peri‐ and postoperative treatment were standardized. All cases required a minimum 6 months follow‐up. Ease of keratoprosthetic tissue handling, graft survival, anterior chamber stability, corneal opacity, neovascularization and re‐epithelialization were noted. Presence of secondary uveitis was investigated.ResultsBioCorneaVet™ was easy to handle and, at all‐time points, provided adequate tectonic support. Graft survival was achieved in all 5 cases. A minimum follow‐up period of 10 months was available for the five eyes (22 months maximum). Degree and area of corneal graft opacity progressively improved resulting in minimal to moderate loss of transparency in all cases but one, where it was severe. Neovascularization degree was most severe 0.5–1 month after surgery and fully resolved 4–6 months post‐surgery. Re‐epithelialization was complete in the majority of grafts in 1 month. Secondary uveitis was not detected at any time in 4 of 5 dogs.ConclusionBioCorneaVet™ seems to be an effective graft for PK in the dog. In this case series, APCS was convenient to handle during surgery and provided excellent tectonic support. The material showed good tissue biocompatibility and resulted in the majority of cases in minimal to moderate graft opacity, that ameliorates with time.
Gait patterns in ischemic and hemorrhagic post-stroke patients with delayed access to physiotherapy
Authors: Callegari Bianca , Garcez Daniela Rosa , da Cruz Júnior Alex Tadeu Viana , do Socorro Soares Cardoso Almeida Aline , Candeira Skarleth Raissa Andrade , do Nascimento Nathalya Ingrid Cardoso , de Castro Ketlin Jaquelline Santana , de Lima Ramon Costa , Barroso Tatiana Generoso Campos Pinho , da Silva Souza Givago , e Silva Anselmo de Athayde Costa 
Published: March 2021

Objectives: (1) To assess the effects of a conventional, delayed physiotherapy protocol used by Ischemic Stroke (IS) and Hemorrhagic Stroke (HS) post-stroke patients, in their electromyographic activation patterns during hemiparetic gait; and (2) to study whether this protocol may improve the functional abilities in this population. Methods: This is an observational, descriptive, and analytical quasi-experimental trial. Forty patients with unilateral IS ([Formula: see text]) and HS ([Formula: see text]) stroke were recruited; the stroke involved the motor cortex or sub-cortical areas, and the patients were able to walk independently. Interventions with standard protocols of physiotherapy were carried out. Evaluations (clinical and gait assessment) were performed at the time of admission and at the end of the protocol. Outcome measures include Stroke Impact Scale, Timed Up and Go Test, and gait electromyographic evaluation. Results: Only IS patients (with an average of [Formula: see text] months delayed access to physiotherapy rehabilitation) had improvements in Timed Up and Go Test (change in [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]seg [Formula: see text]) and presented an anticipation of the onset in Upper leg muscles after the intervention. BF ([Formula: see text]), ST ([Formula: see text]), and RF ([Formula: see text]), started their recruitment (onset) earlier at the swing phase of the gait cycle, which is more similar to the normal pattern (grey shadow). IS and HS ([Formula: see text] months since last stroke) patients presented higher electromyographic activation, after physiotherapy, of the posterior leg muscles (gastrocnemius, semitendinosus and biceps femoris) during stance phase ([Formula: see text]). Conclusion: IS patients had improvements after delayed conventional physiotherapy. For HS limited response to intervention was observed.
Association of Interleukin-1α Functional Polymorphism with Risk of Chronic Periodontitis in Han Chinese Population
Authors: She Xiaowei , Xiao Hua , Lu Shuang , Guo Lijun 
Published: March 2021

Chronic periodontitis (CP) is a common inflammatory illness affecting a large proportion of humans. Genetic factors are thought to play important roles in its onset and development. A functional polymorphism (rs1800587) in the promoter of the interleukin-1α gene (−889 C/T) has been found to confer risk of CP primarily in Europeans, but the association between this variant and CP in the Chinese population remains less conclusive. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the association between rs1800587 and CP in case-control samples of Han Chinese origin. A total of 1,777 study subjects, including 884 CP patients and 893 healthy controls, were collected. Genotyping of rs1800587 was performed using the SNAPSHOT method, and statistical analyses were conducted to evaluate the association between rs1800587 and CP. In our sample, rs1800587 was significantly associated with the onset of CP (additive model, T-allele vs. C-allele,

p

= 0.00359, odds ratio = 1.446, 95% confidence intervals (CIs) = 1.127–1.855; dominant model, (TT + TC) vs. CC,

p

= 0.00250, odds ratio = 1.502, 95% CIs = 1.152–1.957; overdominant model, TC vs. (TT + CC),

p

= 0.00264, odds ratio = 1.508, 95% CIs = 1.152–1.976). The T-allele and [TC] genotypes of rs1800587 were significantly overrepresented in CP patients compared with controls. Our data suggest that rs1800587 of IL-1α is significantly associated with the risk of CP in Han Chinese subjects, further confirming its possible involvement in the disease.
Diastolic Cardiac Function Improvement by Liraglutide Is Mainly Body Weight Reduction Dependent but Independently Contributes to B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Reduction in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes with Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Yagi Kunimasa , Imamura Teruhiko , Tada Hayato , Chujo Daisuke , Liu Jianhui , Shima Yuuki , Ohbatake Azusa , Miyamoto Yukiko , Okazaki Satoko , Ito Naoko , Nakano Kaoru , Shikata Masataka , Enkaku Asako , Takikawa Akiko , Honoki Hisae , Fujisaka Shiho , Origasa Hideki , Tobe Kazuyuki 
Published: March 2021

Objectives. A single-arm prospective study was conducted among Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes having preserved ejection fraction. The aim was to investigate (1) whether liraglutide therapy could improve B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels and diastolic cardiac function assessed by the

E

-wave to

E

′

ratio (

E
/

E

′

) using transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), and (2) whether

E
/

E

′

contributed to BNP improvement independent of bodyweight reduction (UMIN000005565). Methods. Patients with type 2 diabetes and

left

ventricular

ejection

fraction

LVEF

≥
40
%

without heart failure symptoms were enrolled, and daily injection with liraglutide (0.9 mg) was introduced. Cardiac functions were assessed by TTE before and after 26 weeks of liraglutide treatment. Diastolic cardiac function was defined as septal

E
/

E

′

≥
13.0

. Results. Thirty-one patients were analyzed. BNP and

E
/

E

′

improved, with BNP levels declining from

36.8
±
30.5

pg
/
mL

to

26.3
±
25.9

pg
/
mL

(

p
=
0.0014

) and

E
/

E

′

dropping from

12.7
±
4.7

to

11.0
±
3.3

(

p
=
0.0376

). The LVEF showed no significant changes.

E
/

E

′

improved only in patients with

E
/

E

′

≥
13.0

. Favorable changes in

E
/

E

′

were canceled when adjusted for body mass index (BMI). Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that the left ventricular diastolic diameter and

∆
E
/

E

′

/∆BMI contributed to ∆BNP/baseline BNP (

p
=
0.0075

,

R

2

=
0.49264

). Conclusions. Liraglutide had favorable effects on BNP and

E
/

E

′

but not on LVEF.

E
/

E

′

improvement was only seen in patients with diastolic cardiac function. Body weight reduction affected the change of

E
/

E

′

. The BMI-adjusted

E
/

E

′

significantly contributed to the relative change of BNP. GLP-1 analog treatment could be considered a therapeutic option against diabetic diastolic cardiac dysfunction regardless of body weight. This trial is registered with the University Hospital Medical Information Network in Japan, with clinical trial registration number: UMIN000005565.
Fuzheng Yiliu Formula Regulates Tumor Invasion and Metastasis through Inhibition of WAVE3 Expression
Authors: Chen Wen-li , Bai Huan-huan , Liu Li-wei , Chen Hong-yu , Shi Qi , Chang Li-sheng , Gou Xiao-jun , Qian Jun 
Published: March 2021

Objective. To explore the mechanism of action of Fuzheng Yiliu formula (FZYLF) in regulation of the invasion and metastasis of MDA-MB-231/Adr human breast cancer cells through WAVE3. Methods. The MDA-MB-231/Adr cells with high invasive ability were screened by Transwell, and the plasmid with high WAVE3 expression was made for transfection. Plasmid transfection efficiency and protein expression level were verified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blotting (WB). The effect of FZYLF on cell proliferation and invasion was investigated before and after WAVE3 silencing by flow cytometry. A nude mouse model of tumor metastasis was established to study the antitumor activity of FZYLF. Results. The expression levels of mRNA and proteins of intracellular WAVE3 increased significantly after plasmid transfection, mRNA from 1.37± 0.41 to 9.88 ± 1.31 and protein from 1 ± 0.08 to 5.09 ± 0.03 (

P

< 0.01). Intervention with FZYLF could significantly affect the activity of MDA-MB-231/Adr cells and inhibit invasion and metastasis, IC50 from 71.04 to 46.41 mg/mL and from 162 ± 14.82 to 81.4 ± 12.05 (

P

< 0.05 or

P

< 0.01), and significantly reduce the expression levels of WAVE3 (from 1 ± 0.02 to 0.63 ± 0.04), MMP-9 (from 1 ± 0.05 to 0.63 ± 0.03), NF-κB (p65) (from 1 ± 0.02 to 0.62 ± 0.02), and p-IκBα (from 1 ± 0.03 to 0.68 ± 0.02) (

P

< 0.05 or

P

< 0.01). The T/C (%) of FZYLF (13 g crude drug/kg) was 62.06% for MDA-MB-231/Adr tumor xenografted in nude mice, with a tumor inhibition rate of 39.64%. Conclusion. FZYLF can inhibit the invasion and proliferation of the MDA-MB-231/Adr human breast cancer cells, and the mechanism of action may be related to the regulation of WAVE3 expression.