bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Symmetries of the 2HDM: an invariant formulation and consequences
Authors: Ferreira P. M. , Grzadkowski B. , Ogreid O. M. , Osland P. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Symmetries of the Two-Higgs-Doublet Model (2HDM) potential that can be extended to the whole Lagrangian, i.e. the CP-symmetries CP1, CP2, CP3 and the Higgs-family symmetries Z2, U(1) and SO(3) are discussed. Sufficient and necessary conditions in terms of constraints on masses and physical couplings for the potential to respect each of these symmetries are found. Each symmetry can be realized through several alternative cases, each case being a set of relations among physical parameters. We will show that some of those relations are invariant under the renormalization group, but others are not. The cases corresponding to each symmetry group are illustrated by analyzing the interplay between the potential and the vacuum expectation values.
In silico comparison of pharmacokinetic properties of three extended half-life factor IX concentrates
Authors: Preijers Tim , Bukkems Laura , van Spengler Max , Leebeek Frank , Cnossen Marjon , Mathôt Ron 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Pharmacokinetic (PK) differences between the extended half-life (EHL) factor IX (FIX) concentrates for hemophilia B exist, which may influence hemostatic efficacy of replacement therapy in patients. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the PK properties of three EHL-FIX concentrates and compare them to a standard half-life (SHL) recombinant FIX (rFIX) concentrate.

Methods
Activity-time profiles of PEGylated FIX (N9-GP), FIX linked with human albumin (rIX-FP), FIX coupled to human IgG1 Fc-domain (rFIXFc), and SHL rFIX were simulated for 10,000 patients during steady-state dosing of 40 IU/kg once weekly (EHL-FIX) and biweekly (rFIX) using published concentrate specific population PK models.

Results
Half-lives were respectively 80, 104, and 82 h for N9-GP, rIX-FP, and rFIXFc versus 22 h for rFIX. Between the EHL concentrates, exposure was different with area under the curve (AUC) values of 78.5, 49.6, and 12.1 IU/h/mL and time above FIX target values of 0.10 IU/mL of 168, 168, and 36 h for N9-GP, rIX-FP, and rFIXFc, respectively. N9-GP produced the highest median in vivo recovery value (1.70 IU/dL per IU/kg) compared with 1.18, 1.00, and 1.05 IU/dL per IU/kg for rIX-FP, rFIXFc, and rFIX, respectively.

Conclusions
When comparing EHL products, not only half-life but also exposure must be considered. In addition, variation in extravascular distribution of the FIX concentrates must be taken into account. This study provides insight into the different PK properties of these concentrates and may aid in determination of dosing regimens of EHL-FIX concentrates in real-life.
Individualisierte Therapieplanung mithilfe des Gewichtsmappings bei Anorexia nervosa
Authors: Peters Kathrin , Rauh Elisabeth 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Anorexia nervosa ist eine seltene, schwerwiegende Erkrankung, deren Therapie bislang oft nur mäßig wirksam ist. Stagnierende Verläufe oder ein erhebliches Auf und Ab in der Gewichtsentwicklung zwischen stationären Behandlungen und dem häuslichen Transfer sind verbreitet und können stationäre Aufnahmen bzw. Wiederaufnahmen notwendig machen. Im Folgenden werden daher Techniken des Gewichtsmappings vorgestellt, die eine individualisierte Therapieplanung ermöglichen. Hierzu zählt zum einen die retrospektive Analyse des Lifecharts, in der die Gewichtsentwicklung über die Lebenspanne aufgezeigt wird und die damit Schweregrad der Essstörung, Krankheitsdauer und -verlauf sowie transdiagnostisch relevante Prozesse veranschaulichen kann. Zum anderen gehört dazu die prospektive Technik des Gewichtsmappings, die in einem standardisierten Vorgehen die individuell relevanten Gewichtsmarker erfasst und visualisiert. Diese diagnostischen Informationen können eine personalisierte Therapieplanung unterstützen, die sowohl den Zeitverlauf als auch den Schwierigkeitsgrad des Bewältigungsprozesses antizipiert. Mithilfe der Techniken des Gewichtsmanagements kann die Expositionsbehandlung zielgerichtet therapeutisch angeleitet und begleitet werden. Dabei werden die Arbeit mit Intervallmodulen und ihre Rolle für eine bewältigungsorientierte Expositionsbehandlung diskutiert.
A deep learning algorithm using CT images to screen for Corona virus disease (COVID-19)
Authors: Wang Shuai , Kang Bo , Ma Jinlu , Zeng Xianjun , Xiao Mingming , Guo Jia , Cai Mengjiao , Yang Jingyi , Li Yaodong , Meng Xiangfei , Xu Bo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Objective
The outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) has caused more than 26 million cases of Corona virus disease (COVID-19) in the world so far. To control the spread of the disease, screening large numbers of suspected cases for appropriate quarantine and treatment are a priority. Pathogenic laboratory testing is typically the gold standard, but it bears the burden of significant false negativity, adding to the urgent need of alternative diagnostic methods to combat the disease. Based on COVID-19 radiographic changes in CT images, this study hypothesized that artificial intelligence methods might be able to extract specific graphical features of COVID-19 and provide a clinical diagnosis ahead of the pathogenic test, thus saving critical time for disease control.

Methods
We collected 1065 CT images of pathogen-confirmed COVID-19 cases along with those previously diagnosed with typical viral pneumonia. We modified the inception transfer-learning model to establish the algorithm, followed by internal and external validation.

Results
The internal validation achieved a total accuracy of 89.5% with a specificity of 0.88 and sensitivity of 0.87. The external testing dataset showed a total accuracy of 79.3% with a specificity of 0.83 and sensitivity of 0.67. In addition, in 54 COVID-19 images, the first two nucleic acid test results were negative, and 46 were predicted as COVID-19 positive by the algorithm, with an accuracy of 85.2%.

Conclusion
These results demonstrate the proof-of-principle for using artificial intelligence to extract radiological features for timely and accurate COVID-19 diagnosis.

Key Points
• The study evaluated the diagnostic performance of a deep learning algorithm using CT images to screen for COVID-19 during the influenza season.
• As a screening method, our model achieved a relatively high sensitivity on internal and external CT image datasets.
• The model was used to distinguish between COVID-19 and other typical viral pneumonia, both of which have quite similar radiologic characteristics.
Sleep duration and problem behaviour in 8-year-old children in the Childhood Obesity Project
Authors: Guerlich Kathrin , Gruszfeld Dariusz , Czech-Kowalska Justyna , Ferré Natàlia , Closa-Monasterolo Ricardo , Martin Françoise , Poncelet Pascale , Verduci Elvira , Koletzko Berthold , Grote Veit 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThere is growing evidence that insufficient sleep has negative effects on the mental health of children. The aim of this study is to examine the associations between device-measured sleep duration and internalizing and externalizing problems in 8-year-old children. The study is a secondary analysis of data from the Childhood Obesity Project conducted in five European countries. Nocturnal sleep duration was measured with the SenseWear™ Armband 2. Parents rated their child’s internalizing and externalizing problems on the Child Behaviour Checklist. Behaviour scores were dichotomized at the 90th percentile based on sex- and country-specific z-scores. Logistic regression models were applied to test the associations between sleep duration and behaviour. Data were available for 406 8-year-old children. The average sleep duration was 9.25 h per night (SD: 0.67) with 1464 nights measured in total. The sleep duration recommendation of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine for school-aged children (9–12 h) was met by 66.7% of children. One hour of additional sleep per night significantly reduced the risk of having internalizing problems (adjusted OR = 0.51; 95% CI 0.29–0.91). Children who adhered to the sleep duration recommendation had a lower risk for internalizing problems (adjusted OR = 0.45; 95% CI 0.21–0.99). Sleep duration and externalizing problems showed no significant association. Longer sleep duration was associated with a reduced risk of having internalizing problems but not externalizing problems. Results highlight that it is important to ensure adequate sleep duration throughout primary-school years for the optimal emotional health of children. Trial registration number: NCT00338689. Registered: June 19, 2006.
Inanspruchnahme von Notaufnahmen durch sog. Mehrfachnutzer/-innen: Ergebnisse einer prospektiven Studie unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Migrationsstatus
Authors: David Matthias , Richter Rolf , Naghavi Baharan , Borde Theda , Razum Oliver , Somasundaram Rajan , Stein Hendrike , Sehouli Jalid 
Published: February 2021

Zusammenfassung
Fragestellung
Welche prädiktiven Faktoren lassen sich für die Gruppe der sog. Mehrfachnutzer (MFN; 4 und mehr Inanspruchnahmen einer Notaufnahme [NA] in den letzten 12 Monaten) finden? Sind Personen mit Migrationshintergrund häufiger in die Gruppe der MFN einzuordnen?

Methodik
Konsekutive Patienten, die von Juli 2017 bis Juli 2018 drei Klinik-NA in Berlin aufsuchten. Mittels Fragebogen Erfassung von Erkrankungen, Gründen für den NA-Besuch und sozioökonomischen Faktoren. Die Unterschiede zwischen Migranten (1. Generation), ihren Nachkommen (2. Generation) und Nichtmigranten wurden mithilfe der logistischen Regression bewertet.

Ergebnisse
2339 Patienten konnten in die Auswertung einbezogen werden (Rücklaufrate 56 %), davon hatten 901 einen Migrationshintergrund. Bei jungen Frauen (<30 Jahre), chronisch Kranken, Schwangeren, Patientinnen und Patienten mit starken Beschwerden und Personen mit (selbsteingeschätzter) mittlerer und schlechter „Gesundheitsqualität“ sowie solchen ohne ärztliche Zuweisung war die Chance für eine Mehrfachnutzung der NA größer.

Schlussfolgerung
MFN belasten das ohnehin zunehmende Patientenvolumen von NA. Sie stellen jedoch eine heterogene Patientengruppe dar, unter der Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund nicht häufiger vertreten sind. Weitere Untersuchungen sind erforderlich, um die Faktoren, die zu einer häufigen Inanspruchnahme führen, besser zu verstehen und wirksame Strategien zu entwickeln, um den komplexen Gesundheitsbedürfnissen von MFN gerecht zu werden.
Surgical management of choroid plexus papilloma of the cerebellopontine and cerebellomedullary angle: classification and strategy
Authors: Adib S. D. , Hempel J. M. , Kandilaris K. , Grimm F. , Zamora R. Evangelista , Tatagiba M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractChoroid plexus papillomas (CPPs) are primary neuroectodermal neoplasms that usually arise in the fourth ventricle in adults. In this study, we present 12 patients with CPP arising from the cerebellopontine angle (CPP-CPA) and/or of the cerebellomedullary angle (CPP-CMA) that were treated in our department. Patients who underwent surgery for the treatment for CPP-CPA/CMA from January 2004 to March 2020 were identified by a computer search of their files from the Department of Neurosurgery, Tübingen. CPPs were classified according to their location into type 1 (tumor portion only in the CPA,), type 2 (tumor portions only in the CMA), and type 3 (tumor portions both in the CPA and CMA). Patients were evaluated for initial symptoms, previous therapies in other hospitals, extent of tumor resection, recurrence rate, and complications by reviewing patient documents. Of approximately 1500 CPA lesions, which were surgically treated in our department in the last 16 years, 12 patients (mean age 42 ± 19 years) were found to have CPP-CPA/CMA. Five were male, and seven were female patients. Gross total resection was achieved in nine cases, and a subtotal resection was attained in three cases. Tumor recurrence in the same location after the first surgery in our hospital was observed in 2 patients after 15 and 40 months of follow-up, and in another patient, distant metastases (C3/4 and L3 levels) were observed. Surgical removal of CPP is the treatment of choice, but additional therapeutic options may be necessary in case of remnant tumor portions, recurrence, or malignant transformation.
The Diagnosis of Autism: From Kanner to DSM-III to DSM-5 and Beyond
Authors: Rosen Nicole E. , Lord Catherine , Volkmar Fred R. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this paper we review the impact of DSM-III and its successors on the field of autism—both in terms of clinical work and research. We summarize the events leading up to the inclusion of autism as a “new” official diagnostic category in DSM-III, the subsequent revisions of the DSM, and the impact of the official recognition of autism on research. We discuss the uses of categorical vs. dimensional approaches and the continuing tensions around broad vs. narrow views of autism. We also note some areas of current controversy and directions for the future.
4D Chern–Simons theory and affine Gaudin models
Authors: Vicedo Benoît 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe relate two formalisms recently proposed for describing classical integrable field theories. The first (Costello and Yamazaki in Gauge Theory and Integrability, III, 2019) is based on the action of four-dimensional Chern–Simons theory introduced and studied by Costello, Witten and Yamazaki. The second (Costello and Yamazaki, in Gauge Theory and Integrability, III, 2017) makes use of classical generalised Gaudin models associated with untwisted affine Kac–Moody algebras.
Robust regression with compositional covariates including cellwise outliers
Authors: Štefelová Nikola , Alfons Andreas , Palarea-Albaladejo Javier , Filzmoser Peter , Hron Karel 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe propose a robust procedure to estimate a linear regression model with compositional and real-valued explanatory variables. The proposed procedure is designed to be robust against individual outlying cells in the data matrix (cellwise outliers), as well as entire outlying observations (rowwise outliers). Cellwise outliers are first filtered and then imputed by robust estimates. Afterwards, rowwise robust compositional regression is performed to obtain model coefficient estimates. Simulations show that the procedure generally outperforms a traditional rowwise-only robust regression method (MM-estimator). Moreover, our procedure yields better or comparable results to recently proposed cellwise robust regression methods (shooting S-estimator, 3-step regression) while it is preferable for interpretation through the use of appropriate coordinate systems for compositional data. An application to bio-environmental data reveals that the proposed procedure—compared to other regression methods—leads to conclusions that are best aligned with established scientific knowledge.
Inequality in late colonial Indonesia: new evidence on regional differences
Authors: de Zwart Pim 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper adds to a growing literature that charts and explains inequality levels in pre-industrial societies. On the basis of a wide variety of primary documents, the degree of inequality is estimated for 32 different residencies, the largest administrative units and comparable to present-day provinces, of late colonial Indonesia. Four different measures of inequality (the Gini, Theil, Inequality Extraction Rate and Top Income Rate) are employed that show consistent results. Variation in inequality levels across late colonial Indonesia is very large, and some residencies have much higher levels of inequality (with, for example, Ginis above 60) than others (with Ginis below 30). This suggests that even within a single colony, levels of inequality may vary substantially and this puts some doubts on the representativeness of using a single number to capture the level of inequality in a large economy. In order to explain the variation across residencies and over time, this paper investigates the role of exports and plantations, so frequently mentioned in the literature. It is shown that both explain a part of the variation in levels of inequality across colonial Indonesia, but that only the rise of plantations can explain changes in inequality levels over time. This points to the importance of the institutional context in which global export trade takes place for the rise of inequality.
QANOVA: quantile-based permutation methods for general factorial designs
Authors: Ditzhaus Marc , Fried Roland , Pauly Markus 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPopulation means and standard deviations are the most common estimands to quantify effects in factorial layouts. In fact, most statistical procedures in such designs are built toward inferring means or contrasts thereof. For more robust analyses, we consider the population median, the interquartile range (IQR) and more general quantile combinations as estimands in which we formulate null hypotheses and calculate compatible confidence regions. Based upon simultaneous multivariate central limit theorems and corresponding resampling results, we derive asymptotically correct procedures in general, potentially heteroscedastic, factorial designs with univariate endpoints. Special cases cover robust tests for the population median or the IQR in arbitrary crossed one-, two- and higher-way layouts with potentially heteroscedastic error distributions. In extensive simulations, we analyze their small sample properties and also conduct an illustrating data analysis comparing children’s height and weight from different countries.
Neurodevelopmental Trajectories and Psychiatric Morbidity: Lessons Learned From the 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome
Authors: Fiksinski Ania M. , Schneider Maude , Zinkstok Janneke , Baribeau Danielle , Chawner Samuel J. R. A. , Vorstman Jacob A. S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is associated with a broad spectrum of neurodevelopmental phenotypes and is the strongest known single genetic risk factor for schizophrenia. Compared to other rare structural pathogenic genetic variants, 22q11DS is relatively common and one of the most extensively studied. This review provides a state-of-the-art overview of current insights regarding associated neurodevelopmental phenotypes and potential implications for 22q11DS and beyond.Recent FindingsWe will first discuss recent findings with respect to neurodevelopmental phenotypic expression associated with 22q11DS, including psychotic disorders, intellectual functioning, autism spectrum disorders, as well as their interactions. Second, we will address considerations that are important in interpreting these data and propose potential implications for both the clinical care for and the empirical study of individuals with 22q11DS. Third, we will highlight variable penetrance and pleiotropy with respect to neurodevelopmental phenotypes in 22q11DS. We will discuss how these phenomena are consistently observed in the context of virtually all rare pathogenic variants and that they pose substantial challenges from both a clinical and a research perspective.SummaryWe outline how 22q11DS could be viewed as a genetic model for studying neurodevelopmental phenotypes. In addition, we propose that 22q11DS research can help elucidate mechanisms underlying variable expression and pleiotropy of neurodevelopmental phenotypes, insights that are likely relevant for 22q11DS and beyond, including for individuals with other rare pathogenic genetic variants and for individuals with idiopathic neurodevelopmental conditions.
Ensemble-based optimization of hydraulically fractured horizontal well placement in shale gas reservoir through Hough transform parameterization
Authors: Xue Liang , Gu Shao-Hua , Jiang Xie-Er , Liu Yue-Tian , Yang Chen 
Published: February 2021

AbstractShale gas reservoirs have been successfully developed due to the advancement of the horizontal well drilling and multistage hydraulic fracturing techniques. However, the optimization design of the horizontal well drilling, hydraulic fracturing, and operational schedule is a challenging problem. An ensemble-based optimization method (EnOpt) is proposed here to optimize the design of the hydraulically fractured horizontal well in the shale gas reservoir. The objective is to maximize the net present value (NPV) which requires a simulation model to predict the cumulative shale gas production. To accurately describe the geometry of the hydraulic fractures, the embedded discrete fracture modeling method (EDFM) is used to construct the shale gas simulation model. The effects of gas absorption, Knudsen diffusion, natural and hydraulic fractures, and gas–water two phase flow are considered in the shale gas production system. To improve the parameter continuity and Gaussianity required by the EnOpt method, the Hough transformation parameterization is used to characterize the horizontal well. The results show that the proposed method can effectively optimize the design parameters of the hydraulically fractured horizontal well, and the NPV can be improved greatly after optimization so that the design parameters can approach to their optimal values.
Estimation of Soil Carbon Stocks of Urban Freshwater Wetlands in the Colombo Ramsar Wetland City and their Potential Role in Climate Change Mitigation
Authors: Dayathilake D.D.T.L. , Lokupitiya E. , Wijeratne V.P.I.S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWetlands hold significant potential for climate change mitigation due to their high capacity to sequester atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). Colombo, Sri Lanka was recently declared as one of the eighteen global Ramsar wetland cities. The current study represents the first attempt to quantify soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks held by the urban freshwater wetlands in Colombo. The study focused on the extensive urban wetland ecosystems of Kolonnawa wetland and Thalawathugoda wetland park. SOC stocks were determined using three parameters: depth of soil, bulk density, and SOC concentration. Loss on ignition method was used in quantifying SOC concentrations. Average SOC stocks, up to a depth of 60 cm at Kolonnawa wetland and Thalawathugoda wetland park were estimated at 504 ± 14 t C/ha and 550 ± 23 t C/ha, respectively. Furthermore, the total SOC stock at Kolonnawa wetland and Thalawathugoda wetland park were estimated at 198,408 ± 5564 t CO2eq and 66,313 ± 2764 t CO2eq, respectively. When considering global estimates, it was found that freshwater wetlands in Colombo hold a higher SOC stock than tropical wet forests and tropical dry forests. The current study highlights the importance of urban ecosystems in mitigating the ever increasing concentrations of atmospheric CO2 .