bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Origin of Switchbacks Observed in the Solar Wind
Authors: Mozer F. S. , Bale S. D. , Bonnell J. W. , Drake J. F. , Hanson E. L. M. , Mozer M. C. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The origin of switchbacks in the solar wind is discussed in two classes of theory that differ in the location of the source being either near the transition region near the Sun or in the solar wind itself. The two classes of theory differ in their predictions of the switchback rate (the number of switchbacks observed per hour) as a function of distance from the Sun. To distinguish between these theories, one-hour averages of Parker Solar Probe data were averaged over five orbits to find the following: (1) The hourly averaged switchback rate was independent of distance from the Sun. (2) The average switchback rate increased with solar wind speed. (3) The switchback size perpendicular to the flow increased as R, the distance from the Sun, while the radial size increased as R
2, resulting in an increasing switchback aspect ratio with distance from the Sun. (4) The hourly averaged and maximum switchback rotation angles did not depend on the solar wind speed or distance from the Sun. These results are consistent with switchback formation in the transition region because their increase of tangential size with radius compensates for the radial falloff of their equatorial density to produce switchback rates that are independent of radial distance. This constant switchback rate is inconsistent with an in situ source. The switchback size and aspect ratio, but not their hourly average or maximum rotation angle, increased with radial distance to 100 solar radii. Additionally, quiet intervals between switchback patches occurred at the lowest solar wind speeds.
Solar Neighborhood Exoplanet Host Stars within a Galactic Context
Authors: Smith Graeme H. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Ages, metallicities, and Galactic orbit parameters are considered for those stars with Henry Draper catalog designations that have been discovered to host planetary systems. There are quite a few such stars with above-solar metallicity and ages up to 4 Gyr older than the Sun. Some planet-hosting stars have Galactic orbits that take them within 4 kpc of the Galactic Center, while a substantial fraction attain displacements from the Galactic mid-plane consistent with the thick disk.
The Roles of Latent Heating and Dust in the Structure and Variability of the Northern Martian Polar Vortex
Authors: Ball E. R. , Mitchell D. M. , Seviour W. J. M. , Thomson S. I. , Vallis G. K. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The winter polar vortices on Mars are annular in their potential vorticity (PV) structure, a phenomenon identified in observations, reanalysis, and some numerical simulations. Some recent modeling studies have proposed that condensation of atmospheric carbon dioxide at the winter pole is a contributing factor to maintaining the annulus through the release of latent heat. Dust and topographic forcing are also known to be causes of internal and interannual variability in the polar vortices. However, coupling between these factors remains uncertain, and previous studies of their impact on vortex structure and variability have been largely limited to a single Martian global climate model (MGCM). Here, by further developing a new MGCM, we decompose the relative roles of latent heat, topography, and dust as drivers for the variability and structure of the northern Martian polar vortex. Additionally, we analyze a reanalysis data set, finding that there are significant differences in vortex morphology and variability according to the spacecraft instrument used for the data assimilation. In both model and reanalysis, high atmospheric dust loading (such as that seen during a global dust storm) can disrupt the vortex, cause the destruction of PV in the low-to-mid-altitudes (>0.1 hPa), and significantly reduce spatial and temporal vortex variability. Through our simulations, we find that the combination of dust and topography primarily drives the eddy activity throughout the Martian year, and that although latent heat release can produce an annular vortex, it has a relatively minor effect on vortex variability.
The InBIO Barcoding Initiative Database: DNA barcodes of Portuguese Diptera 02 - Limoniidae, Pediciidae and Tipulidae
Authors: Ferreira Sónia , Oosterbroek Pjotr , Starý Jaroslav , Sousa Pedro , Mata Vanessa , da Silva Luis , Paupério Joana , Beja Pedro 
Published: September 2021

The InBIO Barcoding Initiative (IBI) Diptera 02 dataset contains records of 412 crane fly specimens belonging to the Diptera families: Limoniidae, Pediciidae and Tipulidae. This dataset is the second release by IBI on Diptera and it greatly increases the knowledge on the DNA barcodes and distribution of crane flies from Portugal. All specimens were collected in Portugal, including six specimens from the Azores and Madeira archipelagos. Sampling took place from 2003 to 2019. Specimens have been morphologically identified to species level by taxonomists and belong to 83 species in total. The species, represented in this dataset, correspond to about 55% of all the crane fly species known from Portugal and 22% of crane fly species known from the Iberian Peninsula. All DNA extractions and most specimens are deposited in the IBI collection at CIBIO, Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources.
Fifty-three species were new additions to the Barcode of Life Data System (BOLD), with another 18 species' barcodes added from under-represented species in BOLD. Furthermore, the submitted sequences were found to cluster in 88 BINs, 54 of which were new to BOLD. All specimens have their DNA barcodes publicly accessible through BOLD online database and its collection data can be accessed through the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). One species, Gonomyia tenella (Limoniidae), is recorded for the first time from Portugal, raising the number of crane flies recorded in the country to 145 species.
Sur la route… debout. Heureux (au) travail !
Authors: Rosset Pierre 
Published: September 2021

Un retraité revient sur son parcours de 50 ans dans le travail social et la gouvernance d’un établissement de formation en travail social et tente de répondre dans une réflexion/témoignage pourquoi il « dure » encore aujourd’hui dans celui-ci. Sans doute parce que sur cette route, il a pu faire de belles, nombreuses et importantes rencontres qui l’ont conforté dans le désir d’avancer et de poursuivre son chemin au-delà des obstacles, des incidents de parcours et des doutes…
Le soin est une action mais il est aussi une relation
Authors: Marmilloud Laure , de Broca Alain , Zielinski Agata , Rochas Bruno , Jarrossay Étienne , d’Aranda Catherine 
Published: September 2021

Il est important de ne pas situer le patient que du côté de la passivité ; et de la même manière, le soignant n’est pas qu’un agissant, il fait aussi l’expérience d’un pâtir. Lorsque l’on reçoit l’attention du patient, on lui permet de se recevoir comme une personne qui ne se réduit pas au statut de patient, mais une personne capable d’attention, vivante dans la réciprocité du lien.
Juin 1919, l’Allemagne face au Traité de Versailles
Authors: Hénin Pierre-Yves 
Published: September 2021

Les six semaines, s’écoulant de la notification des conditions alliées le 7 mai 1919 à leur acceptation in extremis le 28 juin ont vu les autorités allemandes s’indigner, se déchirer, hésiter, pour finalement se résigner en écartant le rêve romantique d’une résistance sur les terres de l’Est, terreau et refuge du nationalisme germanique et de sa tradition militariste. Cet article rend compte du projet mort-né d’un Oststaat – un État indépendant des marches de l’Est qui aurait échappé aux contraintes alliées. Formulé par des responsables politiques locaux en décembre 1918, ce projet reçoit le soutien du ministre prussien de la Guerre, Walther Reinhardt, et de divers généraux prestigieux. Il cristallise les velléités de résistance dans les semaines dramatiques de juin quand s’impose l’exigence d’une réponse aux Alliés. Dépassés par l’enjeu, les politiques s’en remettent aux militaires. Comme en Novembre 1918, il revient au Quartier-maître général, Wilhelm Groener, de porter la responsabilité – et l’opprobre – d’une décision inévitable qui devait sonner le glas du projet d’ Oststaat .
Les fusillés de la Grande Guerre sont-ils morts au nom de leurs idées pacifistes ?
Authors: Guillot Olivier , Parent Antoine 
Published: September 2021

Cet article explore la question des exécutions de soldats français durant la Grande Guerre dans une perspective quantitative. À partir de la base de données des Fusillés de la Première Guerre mondiale du Ministère de la Défense, nous décrivons tout d’abord les caractéristiques de ces soldats ayant été condamnés à mort par un conseil de guerre ou exécutés sommairement, et examinons si leur profil a évolué au cours des années de guerre. Ce portrait statistique est ensuite complété par deux analyses menées à l’aide de modèles de régression. La première se focalise sur la répartition temporelle des exécutions. Nous cherchons notamment à déterminer si les variations du nombre d’exécutions d’un mois à l’autre sont liées aux variations de l’intensité des engagements. La seconde analyse vise à expliquer les différences entre départements dans la proportion de soldats exécutés. Deux constats principaux ressortent de notre étude. Tout d’abord, le profil des soldats fusillés en 1914 était assez différent de celui des soldats ayant été exécutés les années suivantes : il s’agissait plus souvent de cultivateurs, servant dans l’infanterie, sans antécédents judiciaires. En revanche, les fusillés de 1917, l’année des mutineries, ne se distinguaient guère, de par leurs caractéristiques, de ceux de 1916. En second lieu, les résultats de nos régressions suggèrent que la grande majorité des soldats exécutés étaient des « poilus » comme les autres qui se sont retrouvés face à un peloton d’exécution pour avoir commis une faute dans un moment de faiblesse, souvent après avoir pris part à des combats particulièrement violents. Leurs actes étaient probablement, dans la plupart des cas, davantage motivés par l’instinct de survie que par des idées pacifistes ou autres considérations politiques.
L’acquisition de la compétence sémantique chez les apprenants chinois du FLE : analyse au travers des valeurs sociales complexes des mots « travail » et « loisirs »
Authors: Xia Xiaoxiao 
Published: September 2021

L’objet de notre recherche porte sur la confrontation de la construction linguistique des valeurs sociales complexes et la reconstruction discursive des significations lexicales en chinois et en français auprès des locuteurs natifs et des apprenants chinois du FLE. En analysant les perceptions des significations des mots « travail » et « loisirs », nous essayons de découvrir l’apprentissage des stéréotypes linguistiques et l’acquisition des compétences sémantiques chez les apprenants en langue étrangère. Les résultats montrent que bien que les Français et les Chinois partagent à peu près les mêmes noyaux de ces deux mots, certains stéréotypes sont différents en raison des différences culturelles. En outre, même si les publics sont de la même nationalité, l’apprentissage d’une langue étrangère et le séjour dans le pays de la langue cible amènent des différences dans l’acquisition des significations lexicales. Ceci induit que les enseignants doivent tenir compte non seulement de la correction de la forme linguistique, mais aussi de la pertinence de la performance linguistique dans le processus de l’apprentissage de langue étrangère.
La morale minimale à l’école
Authors: Ogien Ruwen 
Published: September 2021

Tous les projets de ramener l’instruction morale à l’école ont confondu la question du juste et celle du bien. La première concerne nos rapports aux autres : dans quelle mesure sommes-nous respectueux, équitables, etc. ? La seconde est celle de savoir ce qu’on va faire de soi-même : du style de vie qu’on veut mener, du genre de personne qu’on doit être, des ingrédients de la vie « bonne » ou « heureuse ». Faut-il être un épargnant raisonnable ou un flambeur ? Un lève-tôt qui essaie d’en faire le plus possible, ou un lève-tard qui essaie d’en faire le moins possible ? Le moralisme consiste à privilégier une de ces visions du bien personnel, et tout programme scolaire qui prétend imposer aux élèves une certaine vision de ce bien personnel au détriment des autres est moraliste. Le projet minimaliste essaie, dans la mesure du possible, d’éviter d’importer le moralisme à l’école. Il repose sur les principes suivants. Dans l’école démocratique, laïque et pluraliste, il est légitime d’instaurer une instruction civique, dont l’objectif est d’enseigner aux élèves le fonctionnement des institutions politiques, et de les rendre sensibles aux normes du juste, c’est-à-dire, entre autres, de la coexistence entre personnes dont les conceptions du monde sont divergentes. Mais la légitimité d’une éducation morale obligatoire, dont l’ambition serait d’engager les élèves dans la vie « bonne » ou « heureuse », ou de leur transmettre une certaine vision du bien, ou des « valeurs » serait aussi contestable qu’un programme d’enseignement d’une religion particulière.
Innovative Approach for Railway Signalling in Sri Lanka: An Appraisal of Technical and Economic Rationale
Authors: Jayasundara J. I. D. 
Published: September 2021

Sri Lanka Railway has been increasingly dependent on foreign sources for its signalling, particularly after the introduction of computer-based electronic technology for signalling. Not many companies have competence in the subject, and the resultant deficiency of market competition has compelled the Sri Lanka Railway to depend on foreign third-party contractors to obtain signalling solutions at high cost. Developing a home-grown railway signalling system, anchored on local technological knowhow which would use components that are readily available in the market, has been a long-felt need. This paper summarises the research and development activities undertaken by the Railway Department in designing and installing a new signalling system to ensure a greater degree of self-reliance in maintenance, sustenance, and further improvement at lesser costs. The technology innovated was used to install colour-light railway signalling at four railway stations and over 28 km of automatic block signalling, resulting in a capital cost saving of around 90% compared to recently procured imported systems. The new system has been found operationally reliable and easily maintainable. With this technological innovation, continued improvements to it, and expansion of its coverage in the railway network, Sri Lanka Railway could look forward to securing very significant operational and cost advantages while generating national economic benefits as well in the years to come.
Use of Analytical Techniques for Decision Making in Sri Lankan Manufacturing Companies
Authors: Liyanage R. N. , Kumarage A. S. 
Published: September 2021

Optimising the use of resources through scientific methods is critical for efficiency and accurate pricing in the logistics industry. Analytical techniques (AT) play a decisive role in providing such analytical solutions. This paper explores the use of Analytical Techniques for decision making in the Sri Lankan manufacturing logistics industry through a survey of practices in leading companies in the manufacturing logistics industry. The questionnaire focused on the familiarity of ATs and their use in the different logistics operations. The research reviewed and classified the different AT's most widely used in solving common logistics problems (LP). Closing the gap between the theory and practice of AT in the logistics industry was aimed at through this research, by offering areas in which the industry could successfully adopt appropriate ATs. In this respect, different ATs in seven selected logistics decisions, regularly made in manufacturing firms, were discussed. The current practice in ATs was captured by interviewing leading practitioners in the logistics industry, bringing together the reasons for these gaps and their suggestions for overcoming them. The findings of the research could open up exciting areas for future research on optimisation using ATs in manufacturing logistics.
Sexually transmitted infections in the elderly
Authors: Relhan Vineet , Bansal Anuva , Hegde Pallavi , Sahoo Bijaylaxmi 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Worldwide, a steady rise in the incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the elderly has been reported and is attributed to aging, unsafe sexual practices, and delayed health-care seeking behavior, leading to a delayed diagnosis and persistence of infection in the community. The aim of this study was to assess the demographic profile, risk factors, and clinical pattern of geriatric STIs.

Aims:
The aim of the study was to assess the demographic profile, risk factors, and clinical pattern of STIs among patients aged ≥60 years presenting to the STI clinic in the dermatology outpatient department at a large tertiary care hospital in New Delhi, over a period of 6 years.

Materials and Methods:
This was a retrospective observational study. Data collection was done for all patients of 60 years and above age group who visited the STI clinic in the dermatology outpatient department, over a period of past 6 years, with symptoms/signs suggestive of an STI, irrespective of whether the final evaluation demonstrated an STI.

Results:
A total number of 123 patients above 60 years of age presented to the STI clinic between 2013 and 2018. The cases presenting annually demonstrated a rising trend and increased from 17 cases in 2013 to 33 in 2018. The most common complaints were ulcers over the genitalia and genital discharge noted in 28.4% of cases each. The most common syndromic diagnosis was vaginal discharge in 25% of cases. Other STDs diagnosed were candidial balanoposthitis in 19.5%, herpes genitalis and genital warts in 16.2% each, and genital scabies in 6.5% cases.

Limitations:
The limitations included a small sample size, retrospective analysis, and categorization of the STDs as syndromes, following standard guidelines developed by the National Aids Control Organization (NACO) and the WHO.

Conclusion:
It is necessary to destigmatize STDs among the elderly, encourage inclusion in screening programs, and offer prompt diagnosis and treatment.
Research on Music Theory in Music Textbooks of PMP
Authors: Li Yan 
Published: September 2021

Music textbooks of PMP is a set of mature teaching materials widely used in music course of elementary education in China. The study of the music theory knowledge in this set of textbooks can not only help the music teachers in primary and secondary schools to more deeply understand the compiling spirit of the textbooks, but also have a great significance to the cultivation of music education talents in normal universities. Through combing the music theory knowledge involved, this paper makes a brief summary of the characteristics of PMP textbooks.
Key Modern Architects
Authors: Higgott Andrew 
Published: September 2021

Key Modern Architects provides an accessible and thought-provoking introduction to the work of the most significant architects of the modern era. Fifty short chapters introduce fifty key architects, from Le Corbusier to Aldo Van Eyck to Zaha Hadid, exploring their most influential buildings and developing a critique of each architect’s work within a broader cultural and historical context.
The selection represents the most influential architects working from 1890 to the present, those most likely to be taught on survey courses in modern architectural history, along with some lesser-known names with an equal claim to influence. Emphasis is placed on a critical and interpretative approach, allowing the student to position each architect in a cultural and intellectual context quickly and easily. Artistic, technical, social, and intellectual developments are brought to the fore – built and unbuilt projects, writings and influences. This approach brings to light the ideology behind architectural work, offering insights into each architect’s working practice.
- Helps students to develop a critical approach to understanding modern architectural history.
- One chapter per architect – meaning chapters may be read individually as a concise resource for the study of an architect, or together as a coherent book-length history of the whole period of modern architecture.
- Chapters are supported by boxed lists of each architect’s most significant projects, along with suggestions for further reading as a springboard to further study and research.
Combining the clarity and accessibility of a textbook with in-depth reading and a critical approach, Key Modern Architects provides an invaluable resource for both the classroom and for independent study in architectural and art history.
Training Badminton Footwork Ten Repetitions Two Sets Better Than Five Repetitions Four Sets for The Improvement of Leg Muscle Strength
Authors: I Putu Astrawan  , Jaya I Putu Prisa 
Published: September 2021

Background: Footwork training is important in coaching basic movements in badminton. This research aims to learn about the influence of footwork training on improving leg muscles strength.
Methods: The study used a randomized pretest-posttest control group design. The participants consisted of 42 male badminton players of Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha, Bali, Indonesia, who split into two groups of footwork training (ten repetitions two sets (group 1) and five repetitions with four sets (group 2)). The coach gave the footwork exercise three times per week for 6 weeks to each group and measured the leg muscle strength using the dynamometer test.
Results: The result of the within-group paired T-test before and after the training shows group 1 and group 2 (p<0.05). For group 1, the mean of leg muscle strength was 114.19±33.13 kg before the training and 183.19±33.56 kg after the training, with an increase of 60% (69 kg). On the other hand, for group 2, the mean score of leg muscle strength before the training was 113.05±31.30 kg and after the training was 141.10±34.91, with an increase of 25% (28 kg). The leg muscle strength difference between the groups before and after the training was tested using the independent T-test with a significant α=0.05. Comparing the differences of leg muscle strength for both the groups before the training was p= 0.90, and after the training was p=0.00.
Conclusion: The conclusion is training badminton footwork ten repetition two sets better than five repetitions four sets to improve leg muscle strength.
Embedding information literacy and writing development into the disciplines
Authors: Feekery Angela , Emerson Lisa 
Published: September 2021

The development of information literacy (IL) is essential in the current climate of tertiary education, where the abundance of electronic information is leading to information overload. IL involves students accessing and evaluating information, and using that information to complete assessments in an appropriate writing style. Integrating new knowledge successfully into writing is an important component of IL development. However, many students are not prepared for the demands tertiary education places on them, and lecturers should not assume students will be able to learn IL skills on their own without timely interventions. Rather, students need to be explicitly taught how to access information using the variety of tools available at the library and online, how to evaluate those sources, and how to integrate the voices of others into their own writing. Much of this knowledge is discipline-specific, and ideally should be embedded within the context of their content papers. This paper outlines one example of a formative assessment task created to support the development of information literacy and academic writing skills within a New Zealand university first year content course. It highlights the importance of embedding IL learning opportunities within the disciplinary context and curriculum to ensure students are supported to develop essential academic skills.