bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dural Arteriovenous Fistula Formation Secondary to Cerebral Venous Thrombosis: Longitudinal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Assessment Using 4D-Combo-MR-Venography
Authors: Schuchardt Florian F. , Demerath Theo , Elsheikh Samer , Wehrum Thomas , Harloff Andreas , Urbach Horst , Meckel Stephan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background and Purpose Dural arteriovenous fistulae (DAVFs) can develop secondary to cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT). The incidence of DAVF has not yet been investigated prospectively.
Methods Between July 2012 and January 2018, combined static and dynamic 4D MR venography (4D-combo-MRV) was performed in 24 consecutive patients at diagnosis of CVT and after 6 months. 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging with time of flight and contrast-enhanced magnetization-prepared rapid acquisition with gradient echo were performed at baseline to evaluate the extent of thrombosis and affected vessel segments. Baseline and follow-up 4D-combo-MRV were assessed for signs of DAVF. Interrater reliability of DAVF detection and the extent of recanalization were analyzed with kappa statistics.
Results DAVFs were detected in 4/30 CVT patients (13.3%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.3–26.7). Two of 24 patients (8.3%, 95% CI: 0–20.8) had coincidental DAVF with CVT on admission. At follow-up, de novo formation of DAVF following CVT was seen in 2/24 patients (8.3%, 95% CI: 0–20.8). Both de novo DAVFs were low grade and benign fistulae (Cognard type 1, 2a), which had developed at previously thrombosed segments. Endovascular treatment was required in two high degree lesions (Cognard 2a + b) detected at baseline and in one de novo DAVF (Cognard 1) because of debilitating headache and tinnitus. Thrombus load, vessel recanalization, and frequency of cerebral lesions (hemorrhage, ischemia) were not associated with DAVF occurrence.
Conclusion This exploratory study showed that de novo DAVF formation occurs more frequently than previously described. Although de novo DAVFs were benign, 75% of all detected DAVFs required endovascular treatment. Therefore, screening for DAVF by dynamic MRV, such as 4D-combo-MRV, seems worthwhile in CVT patients.
Myocardial Infarction with Nonobstructive Coronary Artery Disease—Definition, Etiopathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Management
Authors: Baghdasaryan Patrick , Natarajan Balaji , Nalbandian Madlena , Varadarajan Padmini , Pai Ramdas G. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMyocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) is a complex clinical syndrome that is characterized by evidence of acute myocardial infarction in the absence of significant epicardial coronary artery disease on angiography. The term “MINOCA” encompasses a group of heterogeneous diseases with varying underlying mechanisms and each with its own pathophysiology. Overlooked plaque rupture or erosion and coronary vasospasm are the most common causes of MINOCA and can be diagnosed by routine intracoronary imaging and vasoreactivity testing, respectively. Coronary microvascular dysfunction is a less recognized, albeit an important cause of morbidity in patients presenting with MINOCA. Although MINOCA is a rare presentation of acute coronary syndrome, it is not a benign disorder and can have adverse consequences if untreated. In this article, we aim to review the pathogenesis, clinical characteristics, and finally propose a systematic approach in the diagnosis and management of patients with MINOCA.
Comparison of the Radiologic, Morphometric, and Clinical Outcomes between Kinematically and Mechanically Aligned Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Propensity Matching Study
Authors: Kim Tae Woo , Lee Jae Ik , Choi Han Gyeol , Yoo Hyun Jin , Kim Kyu Tae , Lee Yong Seuk 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to compare radiologic, morphometric, and clinical outcomes between kinematically aligned (KA) and mechanically aligned (MA) total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in Korean patients. Overall, 168 patients who underwent primary TKA were retrospectively reviewed, and propensity matching (age, sex, and body mass index) was performed as 1:3 ration (KA TKAs [n = 42]: MA TKAs [n = 126]). Joint-line orientation angle (JLOA), coronal and axial alignments of implants, hip–knee–ankle (HKA) angle, and patellar tilt angle were assessed using full-length standing radiograph, axial computed tomography (CT) scan, and plain radiographs. Morphometric assessment was performed by analyzing the intraoperative measurement of the femoral cut surface and femoral components fitting in five zones. Clinical outcomes more than 2 years of follow-up were evaluated with the Knee Society (KS) knee and functional scores, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scores, and the Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). In radiologic results, JLOA was more parallel to the floor in KA TKAs (KA: medial tilt 0.9 ± 1.5 degrees; MA: lateral tilt 1.7 ± 1.5 degrees, p < 0.05), and patellar tilt angle was closer to preoperative status after KA TKA (KA: 2.0 ± 1.6 degrees; MA;0.3 ± 1.2 degrees, p < 0.05). HKA angle and rotational mismatch were similar between two groups. In morphometric analysis, entire overhang of anterior femoral cutting surface was reduced in KA TKA compared with MA TKA (KA: 11.7 ± 6.2 mm; MA: 14.4 ± 5.9 mm, p < 0.05). However, both of MA and KA TKAs showed underhang in mediolateral dimension without difference. There were no significant differences in clinical scores between two groups. KA TKA showed more parallel JLOA to floor, closer patellar tilt to preoperative status, and better anterior flange fitting that can reproduce more natural knee kinematics compared with MA TKA. Although clinical outcomes assessed by conventional evaluating tools were similar between two groups, further evaluation focusing on the patellofemoral symptoms or unawareness of TKA is necessary to clarify the clinical benefit of KA TKA.
Assessment and Treatment of Concussion in the Pediatric Population
Authors: Lugo Giancarlo J. , Beletanga Maria , Goldstein Laura , Rana Mandeep , Jonas Rinat , Torres Alcy R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is common in children. The evaluation and management of children with TBI is based on the research performed in adults. There is a relative paucity of research in the literature involving children and many of the practice recommendations for this age are based on expert opinion in the absence of good research studies in both sports and non–sports-related injuries. The pediatric population is heterogeneous and the approach might be specific for infants, preschoolers, school age children, and adolescents. Children may also suffer from neurodevelopmental disabilities, making their evaluation even more challenging. Adult neurologists are often asked to see children due to increasing demands. This review will focus on specific issues related to TBI in children that might be useful to adult neurologists. Science, however, is evolving rapidly and physicians should make sure to remain up to date to offer evidence-based services to their patients.
Umbilical Cord Separation Time and Influencing Factors in Very-Low-Birth-Weight Preterm Neonates
Authors: Unal Sezin , Demirel Nihal , Arslan Zehra , Tokgoz-Cuni Betül , Ulubas-Isik Dilek , Bas Ahmet Yagmur 
Published: March 2021

Objective The average time for umbilical cord separation in term neonates is 7 to 10 days. Prematurity, phototherapy, prolonged duration of antibiotic treatment, and parenteral nutrition are other factors which were demonstrated to delay cord separation. In the previous studies including greater premature infants, the time of separation of the umbilical cord was shown to vary 2 to 3 weeks. We aimed to determine the cord separation time and associated factors in very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants.Study Design In this retrospective study, VLBW infants (birth weight [BW] <1,500 g, gestational age [GA] < 32 weeks) without umbilical catheterization were included. Specific cord care was not applied. The cord separation time, gender, mode of delivery, presence of sepsis, duration of antibiotic treatment, serum free thyroxine, free triiodothyronine (FT3), thyroid-stimulating hormone, lowest leukocyte, polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs), and platelet counts were recorded.Results The study included 130 infants (GA: 29 ± 2 weeks, BW: 1,196 ± 243 g). Mean cord separation time was 14 ± 5 days, while 95th percentile was 22nd day of life. A positive correlation was demonstrated between duration of antibiotic treatment and cord separation time (p < 0.001, r: 0.505). Cord separation time did not differ regarding gender or mode of delivery. Corrected leukocyte count (p = 0.031, r: −0.190) and PMNL count (p = 0.022, r: −0.201), and serum FT3 level (p = 0.003, r: −0.261) were found to be negatively correlated with cord separation time. The cord separation time was found to be delayed in the presence of sepsis (with sepsis: 18 ± 7 days and without sepsis: 13 ± 3 days; p = 0.008). Sepsis was found to delay the cord separation time beyond second week (odds ratio = 6.30 [95% confidence interval: 2.37–15.62], p < 0.001).Conclusion The 95th percentile for cord separation time was 22nd day. Sepsis might be either the reason or the consequence of delayed cord detachment. The exact contribution of low serum FT3 levels to the process of cord separation should be investigated in further studies.Key Points
Impacts of introducing and lifting nonpharmaceutical interventions on COVID-19 daily growth rate and compliance in the United States
Authors: Singh Surya , Shaikh Mujaheed , Hauck Katharina , Miraldo Marisa 
Published: March 2021

Significance
The coronavirus pandemic has become the most recent and urgent public health issue to threaten health systems and test government responses globally. The United States is leading with the highest number of infections despite the implementation of nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). These measures may vary in their effectiveness across populations as the ability to physically distance is a privilege and is highly intersected with ethnicity and socioeconomic status. Furthermore, the United States has now lifted many NPIs; however, there is no evidence on whether and to what degree lifting NPIs can diminish the health gains of previously implemented policies. This study provides timely evidence for policymakers to inform next steps to mitigate the pandemic.
Functional and genetic analysis of viral receptor ACE2 orthologs reveals a broad potential host range of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Liu Yinghui , Hu Gaowei , Wang Yuyan , Ren Wenlin , Zhao Xiaomin , Ji Fansen , Zhu Yunkai , Feng Fei , Gong Mingli , Ju Xiaohui , Zhu Yuanfei , Cai Xia , Lan Jun , Guo Jianying , Xie Min , Dong Lin , Zhu Zihui , Na Jie , Wu Jianping , Lan Xun , Xie Youhua , Wang Xinquan , Yuan Zhenghong , Zhang Rong , Ding Qiang 
Published: March 2021

Significance
COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is a major global health threat. The host range of SARS-CoV-2 and intermediate hosts that facilitate its transmission to humans remain unknown. We found that SARS-CoV-2 has the potential to infect a broad range of mammalian hosts, including domestic animals, pets, livestock, and animals commonly found in zoos and aquaria. Those species may be at risk for human-to-animal or animal-to-animal transmissions of SARS-CoV-2. Our study highlights the importance of banning illegal wildlife trade and consumption, and enforcing the importance of surveilling animals in close contact with humans as potential zoonotic reservoirs to prevent outbreaks in the future.
Enhanced visible light photocatalytic properties of Fe2O3-doped carbon nitride-based organo-catalysts
Authors: Khan Muhammad Wasim , Asif Sana Ullah , Ahmed Fahim , Rehman Ata-ur , Makhdoom A R , Khan Ehsan Ullah 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Fe2O3/g-CN heterojunction composites were successfully fabricated by a simple calcinations method using iron chloride and urea as precursors. A specific amount of Fe2O3 was incorporated on the surface of g-CN and calcinated at 400, 450, and 500 °C to obtain series of Fe2O3/g-CN (400(1), 450(2), 500(3) °C) composites. Characterization techniques were applied to measure the optical activities of Fe/CNx composites. The Fe/CN(2) sample showed a significant enhancement in the separation of photo-generated carriers under visible light due to the Fe coordination within g-CN. The composites were utilized for the first time along with parent g-CN sample for the evolution of H2 source by water splitting experiment, as well as and for photodegradation of MB under visible light illumination (λ = 420 nm). Results demonstrate that Fe/CN(2) samples exhibit a remarkable photocatalytic performance in both electron generation (HER) and holes formation, i.e. good degradation performance and as such, the corresponding degradation rate of the superior sample is 91.4 % at 60 min. Moreover, the reusability tests of Fe/CNx composites at different temperatures confirm good degradation performance and have excellent photochemical stability in terms of hydrogen evolution and removal of pollutants, respectively. With experimental results, a possible photocatalytic mechanism of Fe/CN(2) composite has been exceeded to describe the whole phenomena of photocatalysis.
Double stratified analysis for bioconvection radiative flow of Sisko nanofluid with generalized heat/mass fluxes
Authors: Al-Mubaddel Fahad S. , Farooq Umar , Al-Khaled Kamel , Hussain Sajjad , Khan Sami Ullah , Aijaz Muhammed O , Rahimi-Gorji Mohammad , Waqas Hassan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
With growing development in nano-technology and thermal engineering, nano-materials has intended a great interest of researchers in current decade due to their multidisciplinary significances in renewable energy systems, heating processes, industrial cooling circuits, hybrid-powered motors, solar systems, nanoelectronic, sensing and imaging, coating integrity, drug delivery , nuclear cooling systems etc. The study of nanofluids in presence of external thermal sources like thermal radiation, magnetic force, activation energy and heat source/sink is more effective to improve the heat and mass transportation mechanism. Following to such motivations in mind, current research concern with the bioconvection flow of Sisko nanofluid confined by a stretched surface subject to the bioconvection phenomenon. The applications of porous space and inertial forces are analyzed by employing the Darcy-Forchheimer relations. The modified Cattaneo-Christov relations are utilized to modify the heat and mass equations. The analysis is performed in presence of heat source/sink, activation energy and thermal radiation. The primarily cause and objective of this analysis to suggest more effective and generalized non-Newtonian nanofluid model containing the gyrotactic microorganisms. The developed system of equations are solved numerically by using the bvp4c shooting scheme by using MATLAB software. It is noticed that velocity profile increases with Sisko fluid parameter while it diminishes with local inertia coefficient and bioconvection Rayleigh number. An improve nanofluid temperature is observed with temperature ratio constant and Biot number. A lower nanofluid concentration is resulted due to higher values of Cattaneo-Christov mass flux constant and mixed convection parameter.
Non-classicality in an open two-mode parametric amplifier cavity containing a Λ-qutrit system
Authors: Mohamed A-B A , Hessian H A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In the presented paper, we introduce an analytical description for a dissipative two-mode parametric amplifier coherent cavity containing a three-level system (qutrit). Based on normalized correlation function, Q-function and its associated Wehrl entropy, the dynamics of the quantum phenomena: two-mode cavity non-classically, qutrit phase space information, and quantum coherence are investigated under the physical parameters: qutrit-cavity interactions, initial coherent intensity, and the dissipation. It is found that the generated quantum phenomena, due to the qutrit-cavity interaction, depend on the physical parameters of the initial states and the dissipation. The robustness of the quantum phenomena against the dissipation can be enhanced by decreasing the initial coherent intensity cavity. The stability and strength of the generated bunching/anti-bunching behaviour can be controlled by the cavity dissipation.
Detailed analysis for 6Li+40Ca elastic scattering using different potentials
Authors: Hamada Sh , Alsaif Norah A. M. , Ibraheem Awad A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The available experimental differential cross-section data for the 6Li+40C nuclear system in the energy range of 20–240 MeV have been reanalyzed using the framework of the phenomenological optical model (OM), the semi-microscopic cluster folding optical model (CFOM), and the microscopic cluster folding model (CFM) motivated by the well-known cluster structure of 6Li. Reasonable fits to the experimental data have been obtained using OM, CFOM, and CFM over the entire energy range considered in this study. For the real cluster folding potential, the extracted average renormalization factors from CFM and CFOM calculations are 0.46 ± 0.14 and 0.56 ± 0.05, respectively. Due to the well-developed cluster structure of 6Li and the effect of its breakup on other reaction channels, the strength of the real cluster folding potentials was required to be reduced by ∼44%–54% in order to describe the experimental data.
Design and analysis of the epidemic novel corona virus
Authors: Mishra Nirbhay , Majumder Amit , Rakshit Dr. Pranati 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We all know that corona virus first news is get flashed on 31st December 2019 from the Wuhan city of China and Province Hubei is mostly affected by this deadliest version of corona bomb hence it is called COVID -19 named by scientists because it’s completely novel by structure. It’s a respiratory diseases and very much similar to SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) but its molecule structure is not completely similar to SARS hence till now there is no medicine for this daemon CORONA. Currently we can clearly observe that almost all countries of world are suffering from this. At initial stage it is predicted that its animal kind of flu and hence there is no need to worry but as soon as time goes by its started transmitting from animal to men and then men to men and hence transmitted from city of Wuhan and reaches almost all corners of the world, hence it is very dangerous for our civilization and its increasing death rate and suspect cases reveals that it’s a big epidemic that we ever faced in last 100 years. So by observing the severity of this epidemic we need to inform right and exact guideline to every other people. Epidemic is a disease that spread very quickly and covers entire geographical area in no time that what the world are facing off. It can cause significant economic, social, and political disruption. Before this the mankind has experienced several epidemics like SARS, Dengue, Plague, and Spanish Flue which had already ruined the life of world completely in those days when Medical science was not at their pick. But, today when world civilization and modern medical science is at their pick a new RNA structured VIRUS has completely destroyed the world in many ways. So it’s very necessary to know the impact of it on originating venue so that we can analyze its danger and rate of spread ability. So to do this we have applied h Machine Learning algorithm and concepts for predicting death and other cases of Covid-19.
Assessment of Prediction Models of Confirmed, Recovered and Deceased cases due to COVID-19
Authors: Rakshit P , Debnath S , Mistri J , Kumar S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Pandemic relates to a situation where any disease starts spreading geographically and affects a entire country or the whole world. So when an epidemic becomes pandemic, it really a question of our survival. COVID -19 has become a pandemic as we all know and needs real and underneath research on that. The procession of death is uncountable still now. It can cause significant economic, social, and political disruption. So it’s very necessary to know the impact of it on originating venue so that we can analyze its potential and rate of spreads. So to do this we have applied here some Machine learning algorithm and concepts of regression for prediction. In this present work we have made prediction model of confirmed cases, Recovered and death cases using K-Nearest Neighbour regressor and Gradient Boosting Regressor. The model performance is very good in predicting all the cases. The R squared value is very near to 1.
Mathematical Models for Predicting Covid-19 Pandemic: A Review
Authors: Vytla Vishnu , Ramakuri Sravanth Kumar , Peddi Anudeep , Kalyan Srinivas K , Nithish Ragav N. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The catastrophic outbreak of the Novel Corona virus (Covid-19) has brought to light, the significance of reliable predictive mathematical models. The results from such models greatly affect the use of non-pharmaceutical intervention measures, management of medical resources and understanding risk factors. This paper compares popular mathematical models based on their predictive capabilities, practical validity, presumptions and drawbacks. The paper focuses on popular techniques in use for the predictive modeling of the Covid-19 epidemic. The paper covers the Gaussian Model, SIRD, SEIRD and the latest θ-SEIHRD techniques used for predictive modeling of epidemics.
An Enhanced Method for Information Hiding Using LSB Steganography
Authors: Sasmal Mr. Milan , Mula Mrs. Debasmita 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This work involves a method to communicate one to one by hiding the information among all the people. Digital photographs are the most suitable components compared to other things available on the internet as transmitter based on their availability. This work basically ciphered message within a photographs. For hiding secret information in images, there exist an outsized sort of steganographic techniques some are more complex than others and every one of them have respective strong and weak points. Different applications may have separate requirements of the cipher technique used. for instance, some applications may require absolute invisibility of the key information, while others require a bigger secret message to be hidden. This work intends to offer an summary of image steganography, its uses and techniques. LSB (Least Significant Bit) technique is used for this work. Here bits of the text are replaced by the LSBs of the pixel values of the image. because the LSBs are alone changed, normal human eyes cannot predict the difference between the first image and therefore the resulting image.
In this work, the pixel indicator technique has been used to hide information in RGB Images. Least two significant bits are used for this proposed methodology as of one for the channels of Red, Green or Blue as an indicator of data existence in the other two channels. Based on the image nature indicator bits will be generated randomly in the channel.