bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient Characteristics Related to Phlebitis in the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia Hospital
Authors: Daud Azlina , Mohamad Fatimah 
Published: May 2021

The insertion of peripheral intravenous catheters (PIVCs) is common for treatment among hospitalized patients. However, this procedure usually fails before the end of therapy because of several complications, including phlebitis. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the incidence and associated factors of phlebitis among patients with PIVC. A prospective cohort study was conducted in one of the hospitals located in East Coast Malaysia. The presence of phlebitis was assessed using the visual infusion phlebitis score checklist. The patients were followed until PIVC removal. A total of 321 data were collected among patients who received a new PIVC in the medical, gynecology, and orthopedic wards. The incidence of phlebitis was 36.1% (n= 116), and 96.6% of which were grade II. Patients aged 60 years (51.5%), men (42.2%), no known phlebitis history (47.4%), and with chronic disease record (46.8%) were determined as the highest percentage with phlebitis. This study demonstrated that age, gender, and chronic diseases were risk factors of developing phlebitis. Abstrak Karakteristik Pasien yang Berhubungan dengan Flebitis di Rumah Sakit Pantai Timur Semenanjung Malayía. Di antara pasien yang dirawat di rumah sakit, penyisipan kateter intravena perifer (PIVC) umum untuk pengobatan. Namun, prosedur ini seringkali gagal sebelum terapi selesai karena beberapa komplikasi. Salah satu komplikasi yang terjadi adalah flebitis. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kejadian dan faktor-faktor terkait flebitis di antara pasien dengan PIVC. Sebuah studi kohort prospektif dilakukan di salah satu rumah sakit yang berlokasi di Pantai Timur Malaysia. Kejadian flebitis dinilai menggunakan daftar periksa skor Visual Infusion Phlebitis (VIP). Para pasien ditindaklanjuti sampai pengangkatan PIVC. Terdapat 321 data yang dikumpulkan di antara pasien yang menerima PIVC baru di bangsal medis, ginekologi, dan ortopedi. Insiden flebitis ditemukan 36,1% (n= 116), 96,6% di antaranya adalah grade II. Pasien berusia 60 tahun (51,5%), pria (42,2%), pasien tidak memiliki riwayat flebitis (47,4%) dan pasien dengan catatan penyakit kronis (46,8%) tercatat sebagai persentase tertinggi dengan flebitis. Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa usia, jenis kelamin, dan pasien dengan penyakit kronis kemungkinan besar mengalami flebitis. Kata Kunci: flebitis, kateter intravena peripheral, pasien dewasa
Modeling the impact of racial and ethnic disparities on COVID-19 epidemic dynamics
Authors: Ma Kevin C , Menkir Tigist F , Kissler Stephen , Grad Yonatan H , Lipsitch Marc 
Published: May 2021

Background:The impact of variable infection risk by race and ethnicity on the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 spread is largely unknown.Methods:Here, we fit structured compartmental models to seroprevalence data from New York State and analyze how herd immunity thresholds (HITs), final sizes, and epidemic risk change across groups.Results:A simple model where interactions occur proportionally to contact rates reduced the HIT, but more realistic models of preferential mixing within groups increased the threshold toward the value observed in homogeneous populations. Across all models, the burden of infection fell disproportionately on minority populations: in a model fit to Long Island serosurvey and census data, 81% of Hispanics or Latinos were infected when the HIT was reached compared to 34% of non-Hispanic whites.Conclusions:Our findings, which are meant to be illustrative and not best estimates, demonstrate how racial and ethnic disparities can impact epidemic trajectories and result in unequal distributions of SARS-CoV-2 infection.Funding:K.C.M. was supported by National Science Foundation GRFP grant DGE1745303. Y.H.G. and M.L. were funded by the Morris-Singer Foundation. M.L. was supported by SeroNet cooperative agreement U01 CA261277.
Comparative analysis of scheduling algorithms for radio resource allocation in future communication networks
Authors: Ashfaq Khuram , Safdar Ghazanfar Ali , Ur-Rehman Masood 
Published: May 2021

Background
Wireless links are fast becoming the key communication mode. However, as compared to the wired link, their characteristics make the traffic prone to time- and location-dependent signal attenuation, noise, fading, and interference that result in time varying channel capacities and link error rate. Scheduling algorithms play an important role in wireless links to guarantee quality of service (QoS) parameters such as throughput, delay, jitter, fairness and packet loss rate. The scheduler has vital importance in current as well as future cellular communications since it assigns resource block (RB) to different users for transmission. Scheduling algorithm makes a decision based on the information of link state, number of sessions, reserved rates and status of the session queues. The information required by a scheduler implemented in the base station can easily be collected from the downlink transmission.

Methods
This paper reflects on the importance of schedulers for future wireless communications taking LTE-A networks as a case study. It compares the performance of four well-known scheduling algorithms including round robin (RR), best channel quality indicator (BCQI), proportional fair (PF), and fractional frequency reuse (FFR). The performance of these four algorithms is evaluated in terms of throughput, fairness index, spectral efficiency and overall effectiveness. System level simulations have been performed using a MATLAB based LTE-A Vienna downlink simulator.

Results
The results show that the FFR scheduler is the best performer among the four tested algorithms. It also exhibits flexibility and adaptability for radio resource assignment.
Co-application of mineral and organic fertilizers under deficit irrigation improves the fruit quality of the Wonderful pomegranate
Authors: Almutairi Khalid F. , Abdel-Sattar Mahmoud , Mahdy Ahmed M. , El-Mahrouky Mohamed A. 
Published: May 2021

Background
The aim of this study was to determine the individual and interactive effects of various irrigation regimes and fertilizer treatments on the quality of the Wonderful pomegranate cultivar.

Methods
Two field experiments were conducted over two consecutive growing seasons (2018 and 2019) to determine the individual and interactive effects of various organic and mineral fertilizer treatments on the fruit quality of the Wonderful pomegranate under various irrigation conditions. A split-plot experimental design was used, in which the main plots included three levels of irrigation (100%, 80%, and 60% of evapotranspiration) while the subplots included five fertilizer treatments with different co-application ratios of mineral and organic fertilizers.

Results
All tested physicochemical properties of the fruit were significantly affected by the irrigation treatment, with irrigation at 80% of evapotranspiration representing the best strategy for reducing water use and improving fruit quality. Moreover, the co-application of mineral and organic fertilizers had a significant effect on fruit quality, with 75% mineral + 25% organic fertilizer improving all of the physical and chemical properties of the fruit in both experimental seasons. Irrigation and the co-application of mineral and organic fertilizers also had a significant interaction effect on the physicochemical attributes of fruit, which further increased fruit quality.

Conclusions
The co-application of organic and mineral fertilizers produced better quality pomegranate fruit than mineral fertilizer alone under deficit irrigation conditions. This technique could therefore be applied to improve the fruiting of horticultural trees in arid growing regions.
Morphometric Study of Dhatarwadi River Basin Using RS and GIS Techniques
Authors: Jayswal Priti S. , Gontia Narendra Kumar , Sondarva Ketan N. 
Published: May 2021

Aims: Morphometric study of Dhatarwadi river basin.
Place and Duration of Study: This study is a work done for the research work in Ph.D. degree at College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat, India.
Methodology: Morphometric analysis involved determination of linear, aerial and relief aspects of the Dhatarwadi river basin, which was carried out using 30 X 30 m SRTM DEM in ArcGIS 10.5 software using standard formulae.
Results: The obtained results revealed that the Dhatarwadi river basin is 6th order drainage basin. The total number of 1327 streams were identified out of which 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th order streams are counted as 1036, 239, 42, 7, 2 and 1 number, respectively. The mean bifurcation ratio value is 4.31 for the study area which indicates that the geological structures are not distorting the drainage pattern. Stream length ratio varies between 0.14 and 2.14 indicates late youth geomorphic stage. The length of overland flow was found as 0.3084 km which also indicates very less structural disturbance, low runoff conditions and having higher overland flow. The stream frequency of the basin is 1.5448 km-2, indicates that this basin is having high permeable geology, low relief and the almost flat topography. The form factor, elongation ratio, circularity ratio and compactness coefficient are found as 0.3951, 0.7094, 0.3126 and 1.7882, respectively of the study basin is suggests that the Dhatarwadi river basin shape is elongated. The drainage texture is 7.1426 km-1 which shows that the Dhatarwadi river basin has short duration for peak flow. The relief, relief ratio and relative ratio of the basin are found as 0.438 km, 0.009372 and 0.2352, respectively.
Conclusion: All these parameters indicate that the Dhatarwadi river basin is of flat terrain with small hillocks/inselbergs having low to medium runoff potential.
The State of the Structure of the Brain Cortex at Different Times of the Postmortal Period after Massive Blood Loss and Blood Loss Complicated by Hemorrhagic Shock
Authors: Eshmamatovich Jumanov Ziyadulla , Indiaminovich Indiaminov Sayit 
Published: May 2021

Determine the time of death based on these characteristics.
Aims: The aim of the study was to identify the features of changes in the structure of the cerebral cortex in different periods of the post - mortem period after massive blood loss and blood loss complicated by hemorrhagic shock, and to determine the age of death based on these data.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Medicine and Department of Forensic Medicine 2020 between.
Methodology: The structures of the cortex from the Brodman sixth field of the large hemispheres of the brain were studied from 73 corpses of individuals who died from massive blood loss (MB) - 61 and blood loss complicated by hemorrhagic shock -12. The study of corpses with MB (group 1) was carried out in the period: 6-8 h (26), 8-10 h (6), 10-12 h (4), 12-14 h (6), 14-16 h ( 12), 16-24 h (5), 24-28 h (2) postmortem period. Research of corpses after hemorrhagic shock (group 2) were carried out after 6-8 hours (3), 12-14 (3), 18-20 (2), 24-28 (4). Histological preparations of the brain were first examined qualitatively, then quantitatively. Quantitative study of structures was carried out by the point method according To G. G. Avtandilov, the digital material was statistically processed by the Student – Fisher method.
Results: Thus, at death from massive blood loss, as the post-mortem period increases, there is an increase in structural changes in cortical neurons,as well as an expansion of pericellular space. The vascular component of the cerebral cortex is also involved in destructive processes associated with an increase in the postmortem period, and an increase in perivascular spaces is observed.
Conclusion: Comparative analysis of the data obtained showed that in the postmortem period after hemorrhagic shock (group 2), destructive changes in the cerebral cortex appear earlier and are more pronounced than in the case of death from massive blood loss (group 1). Similar expansion of perineuronal and perivascular spaces in the cerebral cortex reflects the persistence of thanatogenesis manifestations in different periods of the post-mortal period after death from massive blood loss and hemorrhagic shock.
Post Stroke Depression: Determination of Risk and Frequency of the Depression in Stroke Patients
Authors: Daidano Jeando Khan , Shahzad Amir , Larik Awais Basheer , Kumar Haresh , Tunio Safdar Ali Parvez , Jamali Anwar Ali , Ahmer Arslan 
Published: May 2021

Objective: In this study we will determine risk and frequency of the depression in stroke patients associated with quality of life.
Methodology: Study duration was from January 2020 to December 2020. An observational Cross Sectional Study was conducted on 105 patients. Study conducted in Medical units PUMHS Hospital Nawabshah. After the consent of patient, Detailed history, complete CNS examination CT Scan Brain was done. Data were analyzed by using SPSS 15 version Depression was assessed by instrument beck depression inventory.
Results: Age ranged from 48-68 years, 58 males, 48 females, Education of the patient 66 were uneducated, 17 primary pass and 22 middle pass. occupation of the patient 41 were unemployed, 40 were housewife and 24 were self employed. Depression level was 20 patients with borderline depression, 59 with moderate depression and 26 with severe depression.
Conclusion: Post stroke depression is major problem after survival. Proper Treatment of stroke and depression can be prevented from complications and quality of life can be improved. Antidepressant drugs after acute stroke cognitive function can be improved with decreased mortality.
A Survey on Effectiveness of B. K.S. Iyengar Yoga Plan for Cold
Authors: Baghel Parul 
Published: May 2021

Cold is generally characterized by initial symptoms of a stuffy nose, sore throat, runny nose, mild fever, headache, mild fever. Infection of cold is a viral infection. The cold lasts for a maximum of two weeks. Cold primarily affects the nose and throat, mainly the upper respiratory tract and throat are affected. The cause of cold is a viral infection, many viruses are responsible for cold. The treatment prescribed by medical practitioners involves analgesic, antihistamine, decongestant, nasal steroids. All medicines show side effects like dizziness, drowsiness, blurred vision. Thus, there is a need to find a treatment for a cold having no therapeutic side effects. Yoga is now a days followed as a way to live a healthy life. B.K.S Iyengar yoga focuses on precise physical ailment of the body with particular postures. Very few studies on the effectiveness of B.KS Iyengar yoga have been conducted. The current survey focuses on finding the efficacy of performing specific yoga sequences for cold.
Rhodopila
Authors: Imhoff Johannes F. , Madigan Michael T. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Rho.do.pi'la. Gr. neut. n.
rhodon
the rose; N.L. fem. n.
pila
a ball or sphere; N.L. fem. n.
Rhodopila
red sphere.

Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhodospirillales / Acetobacteraceae / Rhodopila

Rhodopila globiformis
is one of the very few anaerobic phototrophic purple bacteria that can grow below pH 6 with an optimum depending on the organic carbon substrate from 4.8 to 5.6. Growth occurs preferably photoheterotrophically under anoxic conditions in the light. Cells are sensitive to oxygen but grow by respiration under microoxic conditions in the dark. Growth factors are required. They are acidophilic freshwater bacteria that inhabit acidic warm sulfur springs. Cells are spherical to ovoid, motile by means of polar flagella, and divide by binary fission. They stain Gram‐negative and have internal photosynthetic membranes of the vesicular type.
Rhodopila
is classified within the
Acetobacteraceae
family and
Rhodospirillales
order of the
Alphaproteobacteria
. The photosynthetic pigments are bacteriochlorophyll
a
and carotenoids. The major fatty acids are C
18:1
(∼75%) and C
16:0
. Ubiquinones, menaquinones, and rhodoquinones with 9 and 10 isoprene units are produced.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 67.1 (genome analysis).

Type species:
Rhodopila globiformis
Imhoff et al. 1984
VP
(basonym:
Rhodopseudomonas globiformis
Pfennig 1974
AL
).
Methylomagnum
Authors: Knief Claudia 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Me.thy.lo.mag'num, N.L. neut. n.
methylum
the methyl group; N.L. pref.
methylo
‐ pertaining to the methyl radical; L. adj.
magnus ‐a ‐um
big, large, great; N.L. neut. n.
Methylomagnum
a large methylotroph.

Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Methylococcales / Methylococcaceae / Methylomagnum

The genus
Methylomagnum
represents a group of aerobic obligately methanotrophic bacteria within the class
Gammaproteobacteria
. Their cells are Gram‐negative, motile short thick rods that are noticeably larger than those of other aerobic methanotrophic bacteria. Cells occur singly in young cultures and in short chains in older cultures on solidified media. They reproduce by binary fission. Colonies are opaque white, large, circular, and smooth. Cells have an intracellular membrane system and contain granules of different storage compounds including poly‐β‐hydroxybutyrate. Members of this genus are mesophilic and neutrophilic and use only methane or methanol as carbon and energy source. Methane oxidation is performed by the particulate or soluble methane monooxygenase. Formaldehyde is assimilated via the ribulose‐monophosphate pathway. In addition, CO
2
assimilation via ribulose‐bisphosphate carboxylase is possible. The major fatty acids are C
14:0
, C
16:0
, and C
16:1
ω7
c
. A typical habitat of the genus is paddy soil.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 63.6–64.1 (HPLC and genome sequence analysis).

Type species
:
Methylomagnum ishizawai
Khalifa et al. 2015
VP
emend. Frindte et al. 2017a.
Flexible Polydopamine Bioelectronics
Authors: Jin Zhekai , Yang Lei , Shi Shun , Wang Tianyou , Duan Gaigai , Liu Xianhu , Li Yiwen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFlexible bioelectronics have attracted increasing research interests due to their wide range of potential applications in human motion detection, personal healthcare monitoring, and medical diagnosis. Recently, design and fabrication strategies integrated with mussel‐inspired polydopamine (PDA) have demonstrated many appealing properties, which meet the structural and functional requirements of high‐performance flexible bioelectronics. The inherent multiple reactive sites and hierarchical interactions within PDA can promote the total electrochemical activities, self‐healing, surface activation, and biocompatibility of the composite system. This review paper strives to provide a comprehensive overview on this emerging area, including the fabrication methodology, the structural and functional contributions of PDA on the whole composites, and various applications of PDA‐based flexible bioelectronics. The current challenges and future outlook in this field are also extensively discussed at the end. This paper aims to serve as a guideline in this emerging area and provide new inspirations toward next‐generation integrated multifunctional flexible PDA bioelectronics with a broad range of healthcare applications.
Photopatterned Designer Disclination Networks in Nematic Liquid Crystals
Authors: Guo Yubing , Jiang Miao , Afghah Sajedeh , Peng Chenhui , Selinger Robin L. B. , Lavrentovich Oleg D. , Wei Qi‐Huo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLinear defect‐disclinations are of fundamental interest in understanding complex structures explored by soft matter physics, elementary particles physics, cosmology, and various branches of mathematics. These defects are also of practical importance in materials applications, such as programmable origami, directed colloidal assembly, and command of active matter. Here an effective engineering approach is demonstrated to pattern molecular orientations at two flat confining surfaces that produce complex yet designable networks of singular disclinations of strength 1/2. Depending on the predesigned director patterns at the bounding plates, the produced disclinations are either surface‐anchored, connecting desired sites at the boundaries, or freely suspended in bulk, forming ordered arrays of polygons and wavy lines. The capability is shown to control the radius of curvature, size, and shape of disclinations by varying uniform alignment orientation on one of these confining plates. The capabilities to precisely design and create highly complex 3D disclination networks promise intriguing applications in stimuli‐responsive reconfigurable materials, directed self‐assembly of molecules, micro‐ and nanoparticles, and transport and sorting in microfluidic applications.
Engineering Chemical Vapor Deposition for Lead‐Free Perovskite‐Inspired MA3Bi2I9 Self‐Powered Photodetectors with High Performance and Stability
Authors: Vuong Van‐Hoang , Pammi S. V. N. , Pasupuleti Kedhareswara Sairam , Hu Weiguang , Tran Van Dang , Jung Jang Su , Kim Moon‐Deock , Pecunia Vincenzo , Yoon Soon Gil 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLead‐free perovskite‐inspired materials (PIMs) have attracted great interest in optoelectronics, as they feature electronic properties similar to mainstream lead‐based perovskites but are not burdened by the same toxicity issues. However, PIM photodetectors to date have not delivered efficiencies and stability on par with benchmark technologies. With a focus on methylammonium bismuth iodide (MA3Bi2I9)—a prominent lead‐free PIM—this study overcomes this challenge by growing the photoactive material through an engineered chemical vapor deposition (CVD) approach. While the commonplace one‐tube (1T)‐CVD approach delivers films with disconnected grains and large pinholes, a two‐tube (2T)‐CVD approach is developed that enables the growth of smoother films with superior, compact morphology. The considerable optoelectronic potential of 2T‐CVD MA3Bi2I9 films is demonstrated by realizing high‐performance self‐powered photodetectors, which deliver a responsivity and specific detectivity as high as 0.28 A W–1 and 8.8 × 1012 Jones, respectively, under UV illumination—i.e., approximately twice as large as the 1T‐CVD counterparts. Further, nonencapsulated 2T‐CVD devices exhibit considerable long‐term moisture stability, with an attenuation of their photoresponse of ≤3% over 100 days. These results demonstrate that 2T‐CVD offers a promising platform that can catalyze the development of high‐performance lead‐free perovskite‐inspired optoelectronics.
High‐Efficiency Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters with High Horizontal Orientation and Narrow Deep‐Blue Emission
Authors: Lee Youngnam , Hong Jong‐In 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHighly efficient 10‐(5,9‐dioxa‐13b‐boranaphtho[3,2,1‐de]anthracen‐7‐yl)‐10H‐dispiro[acridine‐9,9′‐anthracene‐10′,9″‐fluorene] (OBOtSAc) and 10‐(2,12‐di‐tert‐butyl‐5,9‐dioxa‐13b‐boranaphtho[3,2,1‐de]anthracen‐7‐yl)‐10H‐dispiro[acridine‐9,9′‐anthracene‐10′,9″‐fluorene] (tBuOBOtSAc) emitters, comprising almost perpendicularly linked rigid 5,9‐dioxa‐13b‐boranaphtho[3,2,1‐de]anthracene (OBO) electron acceptors and a rigid and linear tri‐spiral acridine electron donor, are reported here. OBOtSAc and tBuOBOtSAc show deep‐blue emission (λmax = 452 and 446 nm) with narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM) values of 50 and 48 nm, respectively. Due to the rigid and twisted structures, and the appropriate singlet and triplet energy levels of both emitters, 10 wt% doped films of OBOtSAc and tBuOBOtSAc in a bis[2‐(diphenylphosphino)phenyl]ether oxide (DPEPO) host show efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emission and photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) of 97% and 90%, respectively. Moreover, linear‐shaped OBOtSAc and tBuOBOtSAc lead to excellent horizontal emitting dipole orientations (88% and 90%, respectively). Consequently, organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) devices using OBOtSAc and tBuOBOtSAc exhibit maximum external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of 31.2% and 28.2%, respectively, and Commission Internationale de l'Éclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.147, 0.092) and (0.149, 0.061), respectively.