bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrasensitive Photodetectors Promoted by Interfacial Charge Transfer from Layered Perovskites to Chemical Vapor Deposition‐Grown MoS2
Authors: Wen Wen , Zhang Wenbin , Wang Xiaojian , Feng Qingliang , Liu Zheng , Yu Ting 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHeterostructures for charge‐carrier manipulation have laid the foundation of modern optoelectronic devices, such as photovoltaics and photodetectors. High‐performance heterostructure devices usually impose stringent requirements on the material quality to sustain efficient carrier transport and charge transfer, thus leading to sophisticated fabrication processes. Here, a simple yet efficient strategy is proposed to develop ultrasensitive photodetectors based on heterostructures of chemical vapor deposition‐grown MoS2 and polycrystalline‐layered perovskites. The layered perovskites possess pure crystallographic orientation with conductive edges in contact with MoS2, which gives rise to efficient light absorption, exciton diffusion, and interfacial charge transfer. In dark state, the mismatch of work functions of two materials facilitates low dark currents by the depletion of electrons in MoS2. Under light irradiation, efficient exciton diffusion and interfacial charge transfer are realized in the heterostructures with type‐II band alignment, which produces drifting electrons in MoS2 and leaves trapped holes in layered perovskites. The photodetectors present suppress noises and boost photocurrents, yielding a champion device with a responsivity of 2.5 × 104 A W−1, and a specific detectivity of 4.1 × 1014 Jones. The results demonstrate a scalable approach for the integration of high‐performance devices with high tolerance to defects.
Power Generation from Moisture Fluctuations Using Polyvinyl Alcohol‐Wrapped Dopamine/Polyvinylidene Difluoride Nanofibers
Authors: Li Tong , Jin Fei , Qu Minghe , Yang Fan , Zhang Jin , Yuan Tao , Dong Wei , Zheng Jie , Wang Ting , Feng Zhang‐Qi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDespite the boom in the water‐triggered electric power generation technologies, few attempts have been made with a broader horizonyielding the electricity from sweat, which is of great value for low‐power‐consumption wearable electronics. Here, an electromechanical coupling and humidity‐actuated two‐in‐one humidity actuator‐driven piezoelectric generator (HAPG) are reported, that can yield continuous electric power from fluctuations in the ambient humidity. It is composed of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)‐wrapped highly aligned dopamine (DA)/polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) shell/core nanofibers (PVA@DA/PVDF NFs). As‐received PVA@DA/PVDF NFs can exchange water with the ambient humidity to perform expansion and contraction and convert them into electric power. An all‐fiber‐based portable HAPG is fabricated and tested on human palm skin. The devices show high sensitivity and accuracy for converting the mental sweating‐derived continuous moisture fluctuations into electric power. This electric power can be stored in capacitors, which is expected to power micro‐ and nano‐electronic devices or be used in electrotherapy such as electrical stimulation to promote wound healing. Beyond this, the obtained voltage profiles exhibit unique features that can reflect the typical sweat damping oscillation curve features.
Application of nano‐graphene oxide as nontoxic disinfectant against alpha and betacoronaviruses
Authors: Chung Hee‐Chun , Nguyen Van Giap , Kim Cheong Ung , Do Hai‐Quynh , Park Bong Kyun , Park Yong Ho , Song Dae‐Sub , Kong Aeri , Ryu Jae‐Chul , Kang Kyung‐Sun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNew viruses are continuously emerging and recently there have been many great concerns on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐2). Nanographene oxide (nanoGO) has received much attention and is widely investigated to be utilised in therapy for infectious diseases by viruses. Thus, antiviral activity of nanoGO was evaluated using the porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV), bovine coronavirus (BCoV), and SARS‐CoV‐2, which are all Alpha‐ and Beta‐coronavirus. In a virus inhibition assay, the three viruses were inhibited by nanoGO in a dose‐dependent manner, including attempts in the presence of high serum solution which partially mimicked biological fluid.
Proactive and reactive geoengineering: Engineering the climate and the lithosphere
Authors: Oomen Jeroen , Meiske Martin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn recent years, the idea of geoengineering, understood as large‐scale interventions in the planet's climate to counteract anthropogenic climate change, has steadily increased its visibility. Presented explicitly as an approach to climate change, geoengineering is positioned as aresponse, a reactive fix. Geoengineering, however, has a longer and broader history than the current climate crisis. It has long been an umbrella term for large‐scale projects in which various Earth sciences meet dreams about human ecosphere interventions, especially regarding lithosphere and climate and weather modifications. In this paper, we review the history of geoengineering, focusing specifically on climate geoengineering and lithosphere geoengineering. We draw attention to the difference between “proactive” (“high‐modernist”), aimed at mastery over nature, and “reactive” forms of geoengineering, hoping to address anthropogenic environmental degradation technologically. Additionally, we trace historical (dis)continuities between the older, proactive, form of geoengineering and their recent reframing as a technological fix—specifically around the question to what extent nature's complex systems can be known and controlled. Finally, we argue for the need to further research the intersections and shared histories between various forms of geoengineering.This article is categorized under:Climate, History, Society, Culture > Ideas and Knowledge
The anomalous case of axion EFTs and massive chiral gauge fields
Authors: Bonnefoy Quentin , Di Luzio Luca , Grojean Christophe , Paul Ayan , Rossia Alejo N. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We study axion effective field theories (EFTs), with a focus on axion couplings to massive chiral gauge fields. We investigate the EFT interactions that participate in processes with an axion and two gauge bosons, and we show that, when massive chiral gauge fields are present, such interactions do not entirely originate from the usual anomalous EFT terms. We illustrate this both at the EFT level and by matching to UV-complete theories. In order to assess the consistency of the Peccei-Quinn (PQ) anomaly matching, it is useful to introduce an auxiliary, non-dynamical gauge field associated to the PQ symmetry. When applied to the case of the Standard Model (SM) electroweak sector, our results imply that anomaly-based sum rules between EFT interactions are violated when chiral matter is integrated out, which constitutes a smoking gun of the latter. As an illustration, we study a UV-complete chiral extension of the SM, containing an axion arising from an extended Higgs sector and heavy fermionic matter that obtains most of its mass by coupling to the Higgs doublets. We assess the viability of such a SM extension through electroweak precision tests, bounds on Higgs rates and direct searches for heavy charged matter. At energies below the mass of the new chiral fermions, the model matches onto an EFT where the electroweak gauge symmetry is non-linearly realised.
Combined use of interferon alpha-1b, interleukin-2, and thalidomide to reverse the AML1-ETO fusion gene in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Mi Ruihua , Chen Lin , Yang Haiping , Zhang Yan , Liu Jia , Yin Qingsong , Wei Xudong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study aims to explore the effect of the ITI (interferon alpha-1b, thalidomide, and interleukin-2) regimen on the AML1-ETO fusion gene in patients with t(8;21) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who were in hematologic remission but positive for the AML1-ETO fusion gene. From September 2014 to November 2020; 20 patients with AML (15 from The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 4 from The First Affiliated Hospital; and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, and 1 from Anyang District Hospital) with hematological remission but AML1-ETO fusion gene positivity were treated with different doses of the ITI regimen to monitor changes in AML1-ETO fusion gene levels. Twenty patients were treated with a routine dose of the ITI regimen, including 13 males and 7 females. The median patient age was 38 (14–70 years). The fusion gene was negative in 10 patients after 1 (0.5 ~ 8.6) month, significantly decreased in 4 patients after 2.8 (1 ~ 6) months, increased in 4 patients, and unchanged in 2 patients. The 4 patients with elevated levels of the fusion gene were treated with an increased dose of the ITI regimen, and all four patients became negative, for a total effective rate of 90%. The ITI regimen reduces AML1-ETO fusion gene levels in patients with AML who are in hematologic remission but are fusion gene–positive. Improvement was observed in patients’ response to a higher dose administration, and patients tolerated the treatment well.
Flowering plant embryos: How did we end up here?
Authors: Rensing Stefan A. , Weijers Dolf 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe seeds of flowering plants are sexually produced propagules that ensure dispersal and resilience of the next generation. Seeds harbor embryos, three dimensional structures that are often miniatures of the adult plant in terms of general structure and primordial organs. In addition, embryos contain the meristems that give rise to post-embryonically generated structures. However common, flowering plant embryos are an evolutionary derived state. Flowering plants are part of a much larger group of embryo-bearing plants, aptly termed Embryophyta. A key question is what evolutionary trajectory led to the emergence of flowering plant embryos. In this opinion, we deconstruct the flowering plant embryo and describe the current state of knowledge of embryos in other plant lineages. While we are far yet from understanding the ancestral state of plant embryogenesis, we argue what current knowledge may suggest and how the knowledge gaps may be closed.
A survey on evolutionary computation for complex continuous optimization
Authors: Zhan Zhi-Hui , Shi Lin , Tan Kay Chen , Zhang Jun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractComplex continuous optimization problems widely exist nowadays due to the fast development of the economy and society. Moreover, the technologies like Internet of things, cloud computing, and big data also make optimization problems with more challenges includingMany-dimensions,Many-changes,Many-optima,Many-constraints, andMany-costs. We term these as 5-M challenges that exist in large-scale optimization problems, dynamic optimization problems, multi-modal optimization problems, multi-objective optimization problems, many-objective optimization problems, constrained optimization problems, and expensive optimization problems in practical applications. The evolutionary computation (EC) algorithms are a kind of promising global optimization tools that have not only been widely applied for solving traditional optimization problems, but also have emerged booming research for solving the above-mentioned complex continuous optimization problems in recent years. In order to show how EC algorithms are promising and efficient in dealing with the 5-M complex challenges, this paper presents a comprehensive survey by proposing a novel taxonomy according to the function of the approaches, includingreducing problem difficulty,increasing algorithm diversity,accelerating convergence speed,reducing running time, andextending application field. Moreover, some future research directions on using EC algorithms to solve complex continuous optimization problems are proposed and discussed. We believe that such a survey can draw attention, raise discussions, and inspire new ideas of EC research into complex continuous optimization problems and real-world applications.
An empirical evaluation of kernels for time series
Authors: Badiane Mourtadha , Cunningham Pádraig 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThere exist a variety of distance measures which operate on time series kernels. The objective of this article is to compare those distance measures in a support vector machine setting. A support vector machine is a state-of-the-art classifier for static (non-time series) datasets and usually outperforms k-Nearest Neighbour, however it is often noted that that 1-NN DTW is a robust baseline for time-series classification. Through a collection of experiments we determine that the most effective distance measure is Dynamic Time Warping and the most effective classifier is kNN. However, a surprising result is that the pairing of kNN and DTW is not the most effective model. Instead we have discovered via experimentation that Dynamic Time Warping paired with the Gaussian Support Vector Machine is the most accurate time series classifier. Finally, with good reason we recommend a slightly inferior (in terms of accuracy) model Time Warp Edit Distance paired with the Gaussian Support Vector Machine as it has a better theoretical basis. We also discuss the reduction in computational cost achieved by using a Support Vector Machine, finding that the Negative Kernel paired with the Dynamic Time Warping distance produces the greatest reduction in computational cost.
Genetic and ecological consequences of recent habitat fragmentation in a narrow endemic plant species within an urban context
Authors: Delnevo Nicola , Piotti Andrea , Carbognani Michele , van Etten Eddie J. , Stock William D. , Field David L. , Byrne Margaret 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the timescales that shape spatial genetic structure is pivotal to ascertain the impact of habitat fragmentation on the genetic diversity and reproductive viability of long-lived plant populations. Combining genetic and ecological information with current and past fragmentation conditions allows the identification of the main drivers important in shaping population structure and declines in reproduction, which is crucial for informing conservation strategies. Using historic aerial photographs, we defined the past fragmentation conditions for the shrub Conospermum undulatum, a species now completely embedded in an urban area. We explored the impact of current and past conditions on its genetic layout and assessed the effects of genetic and environmental factors on its reproduction. The historically high structural connectivity was evident in the genetics of the species. Despite the current intense fragmentation, we found similar levels of genetic diversity across populations and a weak spatial genetic structure. Historical connectivity was negatively associated with genetic differentiation among populations and positively related to within-population genetic diversity. Variation partitioning of reproductive performance explained ~ 66% of the variance, showing significant influences for genetic (9%), environmental (15%), and combined (42%) fractions. Our study highlights the importance of considering the historical habitat dynamics when investigating fragmentation consequences in long-lived plants. A detailed characterization of fragmentation from 1953 has shown how low levels of genetic fixation are due to extensive gene flow through the non-fragmented landscape. Moreover, knowledge of the relationships between genetic and environmental variation and reproduction can help to implement effective conservation strategies, particularly in highly dynamic landscapes.
The Process of Pregnancy: Paradoxical Temporalities of Prenatal Entities
Authors: Völkle Laura , Wettmann Nico 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this article, we reflect on the particular temporal structure of pregnancies and prenatal entities with the aim to contribute to the field of the sociology of pregnancy. Medical models and technology shape today’s notion of pregnancy as a linear, nine-month developmental process that leads to the birth of a child. Through ultrasound technology and prenatal examinations, prenatal entities have thus historically gained a present ‘being’ as a developing, unborn child. While these ideas undoubtedly greatly influence the participants’ interpretations, a culturalistic perspective on time alone does not do justice to the phenomenon’s lived tensions and the temporal complexity of the phenomenon. From a Schutzian perspective of time, we have worked out how practices of pregnancy and the production of meaning are shaped by an interwoven back and forth between orientations to the past, present and future. Drawing on relevant works from the sociology of pregnancy, we work out five modes of temporal references that mold the phenomenon of pregnancy: joint imagination of the couple, in which the (un)born is anticipated as fantasies of the future (1), passivities of pregnancy, in which the desired future is experienced as unable to influence (2), the presentification of the unborn in and through visual and bodily-somatic contact moments (3), its futurization through the cultivation of a ‘not-yet’ (4) and prenatal losses, as a critical rupture with the anticipated and desired future (5). Our analysis underlines the potential of a time sociological perspective on pregnancy and the constitution of relationships and persons.
Carbon pricing under uncertainty
Authors: van der Ploeg Frederick 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEconomists have adopted the Pigouvian approach to climate policy, which sets the carbon price to the social cost of carbon. We adjust this carbon price for macroeconomic uncertainty and disasters by deriving the risk-adjusted discount rate. We highlight ethics- versus market-based calibrations and discuss the effects of a falling term structure of the discount rate. Given the wide range of estimates used for marginal damages and the discount rate, it is unsurprising that negotiators and policy makers have rejected the Pigouvian approach and adopted a more pragmatic approach based on a temperature cap. The corresponding cap on cumulative emissions is lower if risk tolerance and temperature sensitivity are more uncertain. The carbon price then grows much faster than under the Pigouvian approach and discuss how this rate of growth is adjusted by economic and abatement cost risks. We then analyse how policy uncertainty and technological breakthrough can lead to the risk of stranded assets. Finally, we discuss various obstacles to successful carbon pricing.
Characterizing slope regions
Authors: Gonzalez-Diaz Rocio , Batavia Darshan , Casablanca Rocio M. , Kropatsch Walter G. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper provides a theoretical characterization of monotonically connected image surface regions, called slope regions. The characterization is given by several topological properties described in terms of critical points relative to the region. We formally prove the necessary and sufficient conditions that a region needs to satisfy to be a slope region. We also provide a prototype of slope regions which is general and contains, as particular cases, the prototypes studied and published in previous conference papers.
Extension of Fermat’s last theorem in Minkowski natural spaces
Authors: Carbó-Dorca Ramon , Reyes Sebastián , Niño Alfonso 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMinkowski natural (N + 1)-dimensional spaces constitute the framework where the extension of Fermat’s last theorem is discussed. Based on empirical experience obtained via computational results, some hints about the extension of Fermat’s theorem from (2 + 1)-dimensional Minkowski spaces to (N + 1)-dimensional ones. Previous experience permits to conjecture that the theorem can be extended in (3 + 1) spaces, new results allow to do the same in (4 + 1) spaces, with an anomaly present here but difficult to find in higher dimensions. In (N + 1) dimensions with $$N > 4$$

N
>
4

there appears an increased difficulty to find Fermat vectors, there is discussed a possible source of such an obstacle, separately of the combinatorial explosion associated to the generation of natural vectors of high dimension.
The Dutch Multidisciplinary Occupational Health Guideline to Enhance Work Participation Among Low Back Pain and Lumbosacral Radicular Syndrome Patients
Authors: Luites J. W. H. , Kuijer P. P. F. M. , Hulshof C. T. J. , Kok R. , Langendam M. W. , Oosterhuis T. , Anema J. R. , Lapré-Utama V. P. , Everaert C. P. J. , Wind H. , Smeets R. J. E. M. , van Zaanen Y. , Hoebink E. A. , Voogt L. , de Hoop W. , Boerman D. H. , Hoving J. L. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurpose Based on current scientific evidence and best practice, the first Dutch multidisciplinary practice guideline for occupational health professionals was developed to stimulate prevention and enhance work participation in patients with low back pain (LBP) and lumbosacral radicular syndrome (LRS). Methods A multidisciplinary working group with health care professionals, a patient representative and researchers developed the recommendations after systematic review of evidence about (1) Risk factors, (2) Prevention, (3) Prognostic factors and (4) Interventions. Certainty of the evidence was rated with GRADE and the Evidence to Decision (EtD) framework was used to formulate recommendations. High or moderate certainty resulted in a recommendation “to advise”, low to very low in a recommendation “to consider”, unless other factors in the framework decided differently. Results An inventory of risk factors should be considered and an assessment of prognostic factors is advised. For prevention, physical exercises and education are advised, besides application of the evidence-based practical guidelines “lifting” and “whole body vibration”. The stepped-care approach to enhance work participation starts with the advice to stay active, facilitated by informing the worker, reducing workload, an action plan and a time-contingent increase of work participation for a defined amount of hours and tasks. If work participation has not improved within 6 weeks, additional treatments should be considered based on the present risk and prognostic factors: (1) physiotherapy or exercise therapy; (2) an intensive workplace-oriented program; or (3) cognitive behavioural therapy. After 12 weeks, multi-disciplinary (occupational) rehabilitation therapy need to be considered. Conclusions Based on systematic reviews and expert consensus, the good practice recommendations in this guideline focus on enhancing work participation among workers with LBP and LRS using a stepped-care approach to complement existing guidelines focusing on recovery and daily functioning.