bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coexistence of atypical adenomatous hyperplasia, minimally invasive adenocarcinoma and invasive adenocarcinoma: Gene mutation analysis
Authors: Song Junya , Xu Yinghui , Yang Zhiguang , Liu Yunpeng , Zhang Peng , Wang Xu , Sun Chao , Guo Ye , Qiu Shi , Shao Guoguang , Ma Kewei 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMultiple primary lung cancer (MPLC) refers to the simultaneous occurrence of two or more lung primary malignant tumors in one individual. The detection rate of MPLC has increased significantly in recent years, and the distinction between MPLC and lung metastasis has strong clinical significance. Whole exome sequencing (WES) can clearly identify the heterogeneity between MPLC nodules. Here, we report a case of a 50‐year‐old Asian female without a history of smoking. She underwent a lung computed tomography (CT) scan and three ground‐glass nodules (GGNs) were found which were pathologically confirmed as atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH), minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA) and invasive adenocarcinoma (IA), respectively. We performed WES on the three pulmonary nodules and analyzed the sequencing results. We believe that this is the first published report of a case of “three phases” of lung adenocarcinoma analyzed by WES. Under the same genetic background and internal environment, these three nodules showed significant genetic differences and developed into “three phases” of lung adenocarcinoma. Analysis of the WES results supported the lung adenocarcinoma model from AAH to MIA and IA, and explored possible potential driver genes and therapeutic targets.Key pointsSignificant findings of the studyWe used WES to analyze the gene mutation status of three tumors in one individual. We found that even if under the same genetic background, AAH, MIA and IA showed significant genetic differences and developed into “three phases” of lung adenocarcinoma.What this study addsAnalysis of the WES results supported the lung adenocarcinoma model from AAH to MIA and IA, and explored possible potential driver genes and therapeutic targets.
Fear of discovery as a deterrent to undocumented Latinx immigrants’ reporting of crimes and the effects of political rhetoric
Authors: Rodriguez Robert M. , Torres Jesus R. , Sun Jennifer , Anderson Erik 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectivesComparing undocumented Latinx immigrants (UDLI), Latinx citizens/residents (LCR), and non‐Latinx citizens/residents (NLCR), we sought to assess rates of crime victimization, fear of reporting crimes, causes of this fear, and whether political rhetoric from the U.S. President had changed the reporting of crimes.MethodsFrom October 2018 to February 2020, we conducted this in‐person survey study, enrolling similar numbers of UDLI, LCR, and NLCR patients at two urban county hospital emergency departments (EDs) in San Francisco and Oakland, California. Our primary outcomes were responses to key survey questions regarding crime victimization, fear of reporting crimes and the effects of anti‐immigrant rhetoric on reporting crimes.ResultsOf 667 patients approached, 531 (80%) participated and six participants were excluded: 165 (31.3%) were UDLI, 183 (34.7%) were LCR, and 177 (33.6%) were NLCR. Similar percentages of UDLI (34%), LCR (32%), and NLCR (39%) knew of someone (themselves, friends, or family) who was a victim of a crime. Similar percentages of UDLI (41%), LCR (46%), and NLCR (41%) stated that these victims were afraid to report this crime to the police. The primary reason for this fear in UDLI was fear of discovery and deportation (30%). Similar percentages of UDLI (63%), LCR (58%), and NLCR (46%) ultimately reported the crime to the police. Most (85%) respondents had heard the U.S. President's statements about measures against immigrants; 54% reported that they believe that because of these statements, people are more afraid to report a crime to the police.ConclusionsFear of reporting crimes is common in ED patients. The most common fear in UDLI is fear of discovery and deportation. Political rhetoric against immigrants contributes to this fear.
Buprenorphine physician–pharmacist collaboration in the management of patients with opioid use disorder: results from a multisite study of the National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network
Authors: Wu Li‐Tzy , John William S. , Ghitza Udi E. , Wahle Aimee , Matthews Abigail G. , Lewis Mitra , Hart Brett , Hubbard Zach , Bowlby Lynn A. , Greenblatt Lawrence H. , Mannelli Paolo ,   Pharm‐OUD‐Care Collaborative Investigators
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsPhysician and pharmacist collaboration may help address the shortage of buprenorphine‐waivered physicians and improve care for patients with opioid use disorder (OUD). This study investigated the feasibility and acceptability of a new collaborative care model involving buprenorphine‐waivered physicians and community pharmacists.DesignNonrandomized, single‐arm, open‐label feasibility trial.SettingThree office‐based buprenorphine treatment (OBBT) clinics and three community pharmacies in the United States.ParticipantsSix physicians, six pharmacists, and 71 patients aged ≥18 years with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM‐5) OUD on buprenorphine maintenance.InterventionAfter screening, eligible patients’ buprenorphine care was transferred from their OBBT physician to a community pharmacist for 6 months.MeasurementsPrimary outcomes included recruitment, treatment retention and adherence, and opioid use. Secondary outcomes were intervention fidelity, pharmacists' use of prescription drug monitoring program (PDMP), participant safety, and satisfaction with treatment delivery.FindingsA high proportion (93.4%, 71/76) of eligible participants enrolled into the study. There were high rates of treatment retention (88.7%) and adherence (95.3%) at the end of the study. The proportion of opioid‐positive urine drug screens (UDSs) among complete cases (i.e. those with all six UDSs collected during 6 months) at month 6 was (4.9%, 3/61). Intervention fidelity was excellent. Pharmacists used PDMP at 96.8% of visits. There were no opioid‐related safety events. Over 90% of patients endorsed that they were “very satisfied with their experience and the quality of treatment offered,” that “treatment transfer from physician's office to the pharmacy was not difficult at all,” and that “holding buprenorphine visits at the same place the medication is dispensed was very or extremely useful/convenient.” Similarly, positive ratings of satisfaction were found among physicians/pharmacists.ConclusionsA collaborative care model for people with opioid use disorder that involves buprenorphine‐waivered physicians and community pharmacists appears to be feasible to operate in the United States and have high acceptability to patients.
A functional trait‐based approach to assess the impact of an alien palm invasion on plant and soil communities on a South Pacific island
Authors: Forey Estelle , Lodhar Sherri , Gopaul Sunil , Boehmer Hans Juergen , Chauvat Matthieu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn island ecosystems, biological invasions are one of the major threats to native biodiversity and to ecosystem functioning. Invasive ornamental plants such as the alien palm treePinanga coronatain the Fiji islands can form mono‐dominant stands in rainforests and displace native species. Using a functional trait‐based approach, we investigated the impact ofP. coronataon both above and belowground communities (i.e. plants and Collembola). Within a rainforest reserve on Fiji´s principal island, we sampled a total of 10 invaded and non‐invaded plots and recorded five functional traits for plants and six for Collembola. We found that invasion byP. coronataled to a strong and significant decrease of native plants and Collembola taxonomic diversity. Ingress ofP. coronataalso induced a decrease in the functional diversity of plant communities and to a lesser extent of Collembola communities.P. coronatainvasion led to a decrease of leaf carbon–nitrogen ratio (LCN), Leaf nitrogen content (LN), specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf dry matter content (LDMC) of plant communities, suggesting a change in litter properties compared to non‐invaded communities. Plots withP. coronatawere associated with large Collembola living at the soil surface with more trichobothria and pseudocelli, which are used as defence mechanisms. Using trait‐matching, we also found that the strength of plant‐soil relationships was higher (i.e. more stable) in non‐invaded plots than inP. coronata‐invaded plots. Lastly this study suggests that the main mechanism through whichP. coronataalters soil communities is a change in plant properties rather than a change in the abiotic environment. Our trait‐based approach underlines the negative impact of this alien palm invasion on native rainforest plant and soil fauna in Fiji, and the urgent need for on‐the‐ground action to conserve terrestrial island biodiversity in Fiji´s rainforests.
The impact of index‐insured loans on credit market participation and risk‐taking
Authors: Gallenstein Richard A. , Flatnes Jon Einar , Dougherty John P. , Sam Abdoul G. , Mishra Khushbu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIndex‐insured loans offer considerable advantages over standalone insurance policies for improving farmers’ access to agricultural credit. However, research on demand for such products and their impact on profitable investment decisions has been limited and conflicting. In this article, we investigate the impact of index insurance on demand for credit and investment decisions using a lab‐in‐the‐field experiment conducted in rural Tanzania. We find that index insurance increases demand for credit and high‐risk high‐return investments.
Breastfeeding promotes early neonatal regulatory T‐cell expansion and immune tolerance of non‐inherited maternal antigens
Authors: Wood Hannah , Acharjee Animesh , Pearce Hayden , Quraishi Mohammed Nabil , Powell Richard , Rossiter Amanda , Beggs Andrew , Ewer Andrew , Moss Paul , Toldi Gergely 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundBreastfeeding is associated with long‐term health benefits, such as a lower incidence of childhood infections, asthma, obesity and autoimmune disorders. However, little is known regarding how the maternal and neonatal immune systems interact after parturition when the neonate receives nutrition from maternal breast milk.MethodsWe undertook a comparative analysis of immune repertoire and function at birth and 3 weeks of age in a cohort of 38 term neonates born by caesarean section grouped according to feeding method (breast milk versus formula). We used flow cytometry to study the immune phenotype in neonatal and maternal blood samples and mixed lymphocyte reactions to establish the proliferation response of neonatal versus maternal lymphocytes and vice versa. The microbiome of neonatal stool samples was also investigated using 16S rRNA sequencing.ResultsWe show that the proportion of regulatory T cells (Tregs) increases in this period and is nearly twofold higher in exclusively breastfed neonates compared with those who received formula milk only. Moreover, breastfed neonates show a specific and Treg‐dependent reduction in proliferative T‐cell responses to non‐inherited maternal antigens (NIMA), associated with a reduction in inflammatory cytokine production. We also observed the enrichment of short chain fatty acid producing taxa (Veillonella and Gemella) in stool samples of exclusively breastfed neonates.ConclusionsThese data indicate that exposure of the neonate to maternal cells through breastfeeding acts to drive the maturation of Tregs and ‘tolerizes’ the neonate towards NIMA.
Regional anaesthesia in patients with diabetes
Authors: Levy N. , Lirk P. 
Published: January 2021

SummaryDiabetes is the most common metabolic condition worldwide and about 20% of surgical patients will have this condition. It is a major risk‐factor for worse outcomes after surgery including mortality; infective and non‐infective complications; and increased length of stay. However, diabetes is a modifiable risk‐factor, and programs to improve medical management have the potential to reduce peri‐operative complications and the risk of harm. Regional anaesthesia has well‐documented benefits in promoting the restoration of function but there are legitimate concerns that the incidence of complications of regional anaesthesia in patients with diabetes is higher. The aim of this review is to explore in detail the various potential advantages and disadvantages of regional anaesthesia in patients with diabetes. This, in turn, will allow practitioners to undertake more informed shared decision‐making and potentially modify their anaesthetic technique for patients with diabetes.
Ultrasound‐guided fascial plane blocks of the chest wall: a state‐of‐the‐art review
Authors: Chin K. J. , Versyck B. , Pawa A. 
Published: January 2021

SummaryUltrasound‐guided fascial plane blocks of the chest wall are increasingly popular alternatives to established techniques such as thoracic epidural or paravertebral blockade, as they are simple to perform and have an appealing safety profile. Many different techniques have been described, which can be broadly categorised into anteromedial, anterolateral and posterior chest wall blocks. Understanding the relevant clinical anatomy is critical not only for block performance, but also to match block techniques appropriately with surgical procedures. The sensory innervation of tissues deep to the skin (e.g. muscles, ligaments and bone) can be overlooked, but is often a significant source of pain. The primary mechanism of action for these blocks is a conduction blockade of sensory afferents travelling in the targeted fascial planes, as well as of peripheral nociceptors in the surrounding tissues. A systemic action of absorbed local anaesthetic is plausible but unlikely to be a major contributor. The current evidence for their clinical applications indicates that certain chest wall techniques provide significant benefit in breast and thoracic surgery, similar to that provided by thoracic paravertebral blockade. Their role in trauma and cardiac surgery is evolving and holds great potential. Further avenues of research into these versatile techniques include: optimal local anaesthetic dosing strategies; high‐quality randomised controlled trials focusing on patient‐centred outcomes beyond acute pain; and comparative studies to determine which of the myriad blocks currently on offer should be core competencies in anaesthetic practice.
Association between latent toxoplasmosis and fertility parameters of men
Authors: Hlaváčová Jana , Flegr Jaroslav , Řežábek Karel , Calda Pavel , Kaňková Šárka 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundAbout a third of people in the world are infected with Toxoplasma gondii. This parasite has been found in the reproductive organs and semen of males of many animal species as well as humans. The effects of toxoplasmosis on sperm count, motility and morphology were confirmed in rats. A higher prevalence of toxoplasmosis has been observed in infertile men. On the other hand, no significant effect of infection on semen parameters in men was found in one already published study.ObjectivesTo compare the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in men with and without semen pathology and to examine in detail the possible impact of infection on semen volume, sperm count, motility and morphology.Materials and methodsThe pre‐registered cross‐sectional study included 669 men who visited the Centre for Assisted Reproduction in Prague from June 2016 until June 2018.ResultsThe incidence of fertility problems was significantly higher in the 163 Toxoplasma‐infected men (48.47%) than in the 506 Toxoplasma‐free men (42.29%), τ = 0.049, P = 0.029. After correction for multiple tests, we found significantly lower sperm concentration, concentration of progressively motile sperm, and concentration of non‐progressively motile sperm in Toxoplasma‐positive men than in Toxoplasma‐negative men using partial Kendall correlation with age controlled. In addition, toxoplasmosis correlated with sperm quality in smokers but not in non‐smokers.Discussion and conclusionOur results suggest that latent toxoplasmosis affects certain semen parameters (sperm count and motility), but does not seem to affect sperm morphology and semen volume. Impairment of semen parameters may be either a side effect of the presence of Toxoplasma gondii in male reproductive organs or a product of manipulation activity of the parasite aimed to increase the efficiency of the sexual route of its transmission. Tobacco smoking also appears to exacerbate the negative impact of toxoplasmosis on semen parameters.
Combination of fetuin and trehalose in presence of low glycerol has beneficial effects on freeze‐thawed ram spermatozoa
Authors: Bucak Mustafa Numan , Akalın Pınar Peker , Keskin Nazan , Bodu Mustafa , Öztürk Ali Erdem , İli Pinar , Özkan Hüseyin , Topraggaleh Tohid Rezaei , Arslan Halil Ozancan , Başpınar Nuri , Dursun Şükrü 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundFreeze‐thawing process negatively affects ram spermatozoa in terms of sperm quality, DNA integrity and antioxidant defence system. Thus, antioxidant supplementation of spermatozoa during freeze‐thawing is suggested to improve sperm parameters.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine the effects of fetuin and trehalose added into ram semen extender on sperm parameters, antioxidant parameters, antioxidant‐related gene expressions and DNA integrity during the freeze‐thawing process, in low glycerol concentration.MethodsSemen samples collected from six mature rams were pooled and splitted into equal aliquots and diluted with a tris‐based extender containing different concentrations of glycerol (G5; %5 and G3; %3), fetuin (F; 2.5, 5 and 15 mg/mL) and trehalose (60 mm) as eight groups (G5F0, G5F2.5, G5F5, G5F15, G3F0, G3F2.5, G3F5 and G3F15).ResultsG3F5 group resulted in the highest motility, mitochondrial activity and viability and the lowest DNA fragmentation and DNA damage (p < 0.05). Also, G3F0 displayed considerably more cryoprotective effect compared with G5F0 group (p < 0.05) in terms of motility, mitochondrial activity and viability rates. Lipid peroxidation levels decreased in G5F5 group compared with G5F0 group (p < 0.05). The levels of total glutathione increased in G3F2.5 group (p < 0.05) in comparison with the G5F0 group. NQO1 gene levels were upregulated approximately twofold in G5F5, G5F15, G3F2.5, G3F5 and G3F15 groups compared with G5F0 group (p < 0.05). The levels of GCLC gene were approximately twofold higher in G3F0, G3F2.5, G3F5 and G3F15 groups compared with G5F0 group (p < 0.05). GSTP1 gene levels were significantly higher with different levels in all treatment groups except for G5F2.5 and G3F0 groups in comparison with G5F0 group (p < 0.05).ConclusionsCo‐supplementation of tris‐based extender having low glycerol (3%) with trehalose and fetuin to enhance the quality of ram spermatozoa after freeze‐thawing process is recommended.
Causes of corneal transplant failure: a multicentric study
Authors: Gómez‐Benlloch Alba , Montesel Andrea , Pareja‐Aricò Luis , Mingo‐Botín David , Michael Ralph , Barraquer Rafael I. , Alió Jorge 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPurposeTo identify the causes of failure of the different surgical corneal graft techniques: penetrating keratoplasty (PK), deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK), Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) and Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK).MethodsThis multicentric retrospective study enrolled a consecutive cohort of patients who had undergone any type of keratoplasty between 2001 and 2016. The clinical data were obtained from the patient's medical records, following ethical guidelines, permissions and data protection. The main outcome measured in the study was the cause of graft failure, defined as any irreversible loss of graft transparency capable of compromising vision. The main causes of graft failure were classified as follows: (A) primary graft failure (PGF), (B) immunological rejection, (C) non‐rejection (which includes endothelial decompensation without rejection, IOP elevation/glaucoma, diseases of the ocular surface, recurrence of the primary disease, wound dehiscence/hypotonia and trauma, among others) and (D) specific causes of lamellar keratoplasty failure. A descriptive study of the obtained data was carried out. The distribution of the causes of failure was evaluated according to the type of corneal transplant.ResultsOur research included a cohort of 571 keratoplasty failures, of which 509 met the inclusion criteria. The analysis of the causes of the PK failure showed that immunological allograft rejection represented the main cause, with 28.2% of the failures, followed by surface diseases (17.8%) and endothelial decompensation without rejection (17.3%). For the PK re‐grafts group, the main cause of failure was immunological allograft rejection (34.0%), followed by diseases of the ocular surface (18.5%). For the DALK group, the failures mainly occurred due to surface diseases such as limbal stem cell insufficiency, infectious keratitis, keratolysis or persistent epithelial defect (37.8%). However, the main reason for failure in the DSAEK group was endothelial decompensation without rejection (31.9%) while primary graft failure was the main cause of failure in the DMEK group (64.1%).ConclusionThe main reason for failure in PK was immunological allograft rejection, both in primary and secondary transplants. The leading causes for failure were diseases of the ocular surface in the DALK population, endothelial decompensation without rejection in DSAEK and primary graft failure in DMEK.
The characteristics of optic disc pit maculopathy and the efficacy of vitrectomy: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Meng Lihui , Zhao Xinyu , Zhang Wenfei , Wang Dongyue , Chen Youxin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the basic characteristics of optic disc pit maculopathy (ODPM) and the efficacies of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) treatment with different adjunctive strategies.MethodsThe databases PubMed, EMBASE and Ovid up to April 2020 were searched to identify relevant studies. Statistical analyses were conducted with R software version 3.6.3.ResultsFifty‐nine studies were eventually included for different aspects of statistical analyses. The pooling results suggest the general incidence of maculopathy in optic disc pit (ODP) is 51%, and the rate of serous macular detachment and retinoschisis is 49% and 58%, respectively. The incidence of sub‐retinal fluid (SRF) only is 10%, intra‐retinal retinal (IRF) fluid only is 14%, and SRF plus IRF is 69%. A lamellar macular hole (LMH) is present in 53% of cases, and 58% have communication between the macula with the pit. The incidence of posterior vitreous detachment (PVD), vitreo‐papillary traction and vitreomacular traction (VMT) is 7%, 28% and 13%, respectively. Besides, the rate of complete anatomic success and visual improvement after PPV are both around 85%. Subgroup analysis reveals the anatomic, and visual success rates of PPV alone are 89% and 100%, respectively. Gas tamponade, laser or internal limiting membrane peeling (ILMP) during vitrectomy are less promising, while PPV with ILM flap stuffing could achieve better outcomes than cases without it.ConclusionOptic disc pit‐associated maculopathy has different fundus characteristics. Based on the current evidence, PPV is effective for ODPM, and the combined application of gas tamponade, laser and ILMP should be used with caution.