bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Upper- vs. Lower-Body Exercise Performance in Female and Male Cross-Country Skiers
Authors: Hansen Linda Marie , Sandbakk Øyvind , Ettema Gertjan , Baumgart Julia Kathrin 
Published: December 2021

Purpose: To investigate the interaction between exercise modality (i.e., upper- and lower-body exercise) and sex in physiological responses and power output (PO) across the entire intensity spectrum (i.e., from low to maximal intensity).Methods: Ten male and 10 female cross-country (XC) skiers performed a stepwise incremental test to exhaustion consisting of 5 min stages with increasing workload employing upper-body poling (UP) and running (RUN) on two separate days. Mixed measures ANOVA were performed to investigate the interactions between exercise modalities (i.e., UP and RUN) and sex in physiological responses and PO across the entire exercise intensity spectrum.Results: The difference between UP and RUN (ΔUP−RUN), was not different in the female compared with the male XC skiers for peak oxygen uptake (18 ± 6 vs. 18 ± 6 mL·kg−1·min−1, p = 0.843) and peak PO (84 ± 18 vs. 91 ± 22 W, p = 0.207). At most given blood lactate and rating of perceived exertion values, ΔUP−RUN was larger in the male compared with the female skiers for oxygen uptake and PO, but these differences disappeared when the responses were expressed as % of the modality-specific peak.Conclusion: Modality-differences (i.e., ΔUP−RUN) in peak physiological responses and PO did not differ between the female and male XC skiers. This indicates that increased focus on upper-body strength and endurance training in female skiers in recent years may have closed the gap between upper- and lower-body endurance capacity compared with male XC skiers. In addition, no sex-related considerations need to be made when using relative physiological responses for intensity regulation within a specific exercise modality.
Oral Mucosa vs. Penile Skin Flap in Substitution Urethroplasty for Anterior Urethral Strictures: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ma Yucheng , Jian Zhong-Yu , Hu Qibo , Luo Zhumei , Jin Tao 
Published: December 2021

Background: The purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness and safety of oral mucosa and penile skin flaps in the treatment of anterior urethral stricture.Methods: This meta-analysis was carried out according to the principle of preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) and registered at PROSPERO (CRD42021277688). The Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, CKNI databases were searched and reviewed up to Sep 2021. Quality evaluation was performed with Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) system for non-randomized studies and Cochrane stools for randomized studies. Data synthesis was conducted with RevMan 5.4 software (Cochrane) and a Stata 15.0 environment (Stata Corpor, College Station, TX, USA).Results: After the research screening, eight studies (comprising 445 patients) were finally included in the quantitative analysis. In the success rate comparison, there was no significant difference between oral mucosa and penile skin flaps (oral mucosa vs. penile skin flap, Mantel-Haenszel statistic [M-H] fixed model, OR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.47–1.34, P = 0.39). There was no significant difference in the post-operative complication comparison (oral mucosa vs. penile skin flap, Mantel-Haenszel statistic [M-H] fixed model, OR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.40–1.16, P = 0.15). However, considering that the site of oral mucosa is far from the anterior urethra, it may have advantages in operation time through simultaneous operations (oral mucosa vs. penile skin flap, MD: −40.05, 95% CI: −79.42, −0.68, P = 0.046).Conclusion: When the oral mucosal graft was used in the anterior urethra urethroplasty, it had a similar success rate and post-operative complication rate, and oral mucosa substitution had a shorter operation time. This evidence-based medical research further supports the view that oral mucosa is the preferred substitution material for the anterior urethra urethroplasty.
Study on Date–Jimbo–Kashiwara–Miwa Equation with Conformable Derivative Dependent on Time Parameter to Find the Exact Dynamic Wave Solutions
Authors: Iqbal Md Ashik , Wang Ye , Miah Md Mamun , Osman Mohamed S. 
Published: December 2021

In this article, we construct the exact dynamical wave solutions to the Date–Jimbo–Kashiwara–Miwa equation with conformable derivative by using an efficient and well-established approach, namely: the two-variable G’/G, 1/G-expansion method. The solutions of the Date–Jimbo–Kashiwara–Miwa equation with conformable derivative play a vital role in many scientific occurrences. The regular dynamical wave solutions of the abovementioned equation imply three different fundamental functions, which are the trigonometric function, the hyperbolic function, and the rational function. These solutions are classified graphically into three categories, such as singular periodic solitary, kink soliton, and anti-kink soliton wave solutions. Furthermore, the effect of the fractional parameter on these solutions is discussed through 2D plots.
PERSON-ORIENTED APPROACH TO FORMING SCIENTIFIC AND RESEARCH COMPETENCE OF FUTURE ENVIRONMENTALISTS
Authors: HRYNOVA M. , SOLOSHYCH I. , MYHAYLENKO N. 
Published: December 2021

In the course of the research the theoretical and practical development of the problem of a person-oriented approach to the formation of research and development competence was analyzed. The research was conducted using a systemic synergistic approach, using general scientific methods of analysis, syn-thesis and comparison. The essence of the concepts of "person-oriented learning", " person-oriented approach" is revealed.
Conditions and methods of organization of the educational process during the formation of the scientific and research competence from the standpoint of person-oriented approach are considered. It is determined that the use of developed information retrieval systems and computer tools in the educational process realizes the principles of scientific, professional orientation, practical significance and creates the necessary conditions for the implementation of an individual, differentiated person-oriented approach in the formation of research and development competence.
An example of the application of a person-oriented approach in the formation of the research competence of future environmental specialists is provided with the help of the developed information-retrieval system of the purification equipment, which allows forming integrative knowledge from ecology and other branches of knowledge.
The results of the research may form the basis for further scientific analysis - the development of theoretical and methodological foundations for the formation of scientific research competence of future specialists-ecologists.
Is FOLFIRINOX Better In Primary Resected Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer ?
Authors: YILDIRIM Serkan , ERDOĞAN Atike Pinar 
Published: December 2021

Objective: Pancreatic cancer is a very fatal disease and is estimated to be the second leading cause of cancer deaths in the USA in 2030. Chemotherapy is usually the most important treatment option in metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and is applied for palliative purposes. FOLFIRINOX, which is a multi-drug regimen, is an important treatment option in patients with good performance in order to overcome chemoresistance in this desmoplastic cancer. Surgery is the most important way to eliminate chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer. FOLFIRINOX is preferred in adjuvant therapy because the disease reoccurs even in patients who can undergo surgery and it gives better survival results than gemcitabine. There is data suggesting that patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma who underwent surgery for the primary lesion and subsequently metastasized may have a better response with the FOLFIRINOX regimen than patients with metastatic presentation (de novo metastatic). This retrospective study was planned to investigate the response of previously operated patients who developed metastases (surgical group) and those with metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis (de novo metastatic group) to the FOLFIRINOX regimen.
Materials and Methods: 35 patients followed between 2013 and 2017 were included in the study and their medical records were examined.
Results: Progression free survival of surgery group was median 10 months. De novo metastatic group progression free survival was median 6 months (table 2). Surgery group progression free survival was statistically significant longer than de novo metastatic group (p:0.033). Surgery group overall survival was 20 months. De novo metastatic group overall survival was 7 months. Surgery group overall survival was statistically significant longer than de novo metastatic group (p:0.020).
Conclusion: According to the results of our study, FOLFIRINOX treatment is more effective in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma who underwent surgery for a primary pancreatic tumor and then developed metastasis. Therefore, regardless of performance, administration of FOLFIRINOX may be appropriate in patients who have undergone surgery. In addition, surgical treatments can be applied to metastatic patients to reduce the disease burden, since better results are obtained in patients who have been operated for palliative purposes. Randomized studies with larger patient populations are needed to validate our results.
A Study of the Role of Sivathamil Selvi Thangamma Appakutty in the Development of Hinduism in Sri Lanka
Authors: Vyasan A 
Published: December 2021

The vegan culture of Sri Lanka is ancient and unique. Many have contributed to the development of this culture. The twentieth century opened new chapters in educational development, social change and change of thinking as a result of English rule. Such changes began to have a massive impact on the perception of women. New chapters were opened. Such changes began to have a massive impact on the perception of women. Women’s education, women’s going to work, etc. were made possible. Born and educated at this time, Deivath Thirumakal - Dr. Sivathamilch Selvi Thangamma Appakutty was a teacher. The study, entitled A Role of Sivathamil Selvi Thangamma Appakutty in the Development of Hinduism in Sri Lanka, entitled How Her Contribution to the Educational Development of Sri Lanka Women and Overcoming the Challenges Facing Women. This study is carried out with the aim of the study. This study forms a descriptive study. Performed with analysis, comparison and historical analysis when appropriate. The mothers were eloquent, well-managed, artistic and literary, and had a fearless and dedicated service mindset. Traditional studies on women should be carried out in the field of education and social service, and studies on women should be conducted from different angles through various fields. Such research and their findings may help to show our present and future generations that ancient women lived and excelled in the Hindu society subject to various restrictions.
Research on Some Freshwater Fish Catalase Activity - As a Potential Biomarker for Environmental Pollution
Authors: CREȚU Romică 
Published: December 2021

In the last decade studies show that water pollution is a very serious problem, especially since the degree of water pollution plays a key role in the growth and fish multiplication. As a biomarker of environmental pollution, antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT; EC 1.11.1.6) play an essential role in preventing the harmful effects of heavy metals in the tissues of fish. These researches were carried out to investigate the effect of various environment conditions and some pollutant agents on oxidative stress in some aquatic organisms. The enzymatic assay of CAT (in fish organs, e.g., liver, kidney, gill, intestine and brain, as well as in mixture of these organs) was carried out according to standard enzyme assay protocol.
The results showed decrease of CAT activity: the enzymatic activity was 35.89 ± 1.02 µmol H2O2/min/mg protein to pH 7 and 6.59 ± 0.47 µmol H2O2/min/mg protein to pH 12. More, the enzymatic activity was 38.1 ± 0.3 µmol H2O2/min/mg protein to pH 3. Also, the catalase activity increased with 23 enzymatic units to a less dissolved oxygen concentration (6.2877 mg/L).
Furthermore, this study indicated that heavy metals, such as Cr, Cu and Zn can inhibit biochemical reactions in various organs of fish. During exposure duration of the fish to a mixture of metal ions the catalase activity decreases from 35.89 ± 1.02 µmol H2O2/min/mg protein to 23.51 ± 2.85 µmol H2O2/min/mg protein. On the other hand, as a result of the response of the enzyme system, the catalase activity increases to 36.25 ± 3.22 µmol H2O2/min/mg protein.
Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berhitung Perkalian Dengan Jarimatika pada Siswa kelas III SDN 32 Koto Sani
Authors: Perdana Dina Novarina 
Published: December 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui apakah pembelajaran matematika dengan metode jarimatika dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas III SDN 32 Koto Sani pada materi operasi hitung perkalian. Metode jarimatika adalah sebuah cara sederhana dan menyenangkan. Mengajarkan berhitung dasar kepada anak-anak menurut kaidah, dimulai dengan memahamkan secara benar terlebih dahulu tentang konsep bilangan, lambang bilangan, dan operasi hitung dasar, kemudian mengajarkan cara berhitung dengan jari-jari tangan. Prosesnya diawali, dilakukan dan diakhiri dengan gembira. Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) ini terdiri atas dua siklus dengan mengambil data melalui tes. Rata-rata skor tes prestasi belajar matematika siswa meningkat di setiap siklus. Pada siklus pertama rata-rata tes prestasi belajar matematika siswa adalah 69,44 meningkat menjadi 93,33 pada siklus kedua. Berdasarkan hasil ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa metode jarimatika dapat meningkatkan prestasi belajar matematika siswa kelas III SDN 32 Koto Sani pada materi operasi hitung perkalian.
Childfree Problems And Their Solutions From An Islamic Perspective
Authors: Shofita Nailis , Azza Raushani , Khunaifah Syahrozad 
Published: December 2021

Recently, there has been a child-free phenomenon that is being discussed, especially in Indonesia. It causes various questions regarding the views of the pros and cons of childfree itself, then how does Islam respond to it? What are the childfree problems and their solutions from Islamic view? Islam is one of the religions that can answer current problems based on the Al-Quran and Sunnah. As the basis of religion, the Qur'an and the sunnah have discussed many child-free problems. Therefore, this study is aimed to determine the problem of childfree and its solution in the view of Islam . This research used the Library Research method or literature review with a qualitative research approach. The results of this study, in the view of Islam, married couples who choose child-free include acts that are against nature because having children is a blessing and as human nature. Islam also responds to child freedom with several arguments about the primacy of kids in the family.
Effect of some toxic metals in drinking water on male reproductive hormones
Authors: Ogie Enehizena Osaro , Oyakhire Fidelis Ohiremen , Valentine Egho Eseoghene , Odaro Cedric , Egho Joy Akpesiri , Idem Ekomobong Effiong Idem , Benjamin Ibhenbisa Ighedose 
Published: December 2021

Objective: Drinking water contaminated with toxic metals can be a leading cause of infertility in males. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of some toxic metals and trace elements in drinking water and reproductive hormone levels in males who drink water from these sources in Sabongida-Ora , Edo State, Nigeria.
Material and Methods: A total of 90 subjects consisting of 30 subjects who drink borehole water, 30 subjects who drink water from hand-dug well, and 30 subjects who drink table water, aged between 18 and 45 years, were recruited for this study. Serum reproductive hormones were analyzed using ELISA method. Blood lead, cadmium, serum zinc, and copper were analyzed using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The data obtained were analyzed using SPSS version 23.0.
Results: Blood Cd and Pb levels were significantly higher (P<0.05) in hand-dug, borehole and treated water consumers while serum Zn level was significantly lower P<0.05) in hand-dug well and borehole water consumers than treated table water consumers. The serum Cu level was not significantly different between the groups. The reproductive hormones were significantly lower among hand-dug well and borehole water consumers than treated table water consumers (p<0.05), while PROL(P<0.05) was significantly higher among hand-dug well, borehole water consumers than treated water consumers. Serum PROL correlated positively with Pb (r=0.443; P<0.05) and negatively with serum Zn (r=-0.404; P<0.05) while T correlated positively (r=0.542; P<0.005) with Zn. Similarly, FSH correlated negatively with Pb (r=-0.398; P<0.05) and positively with Zn (r=0.422;P<0.05), while LH correlated inversely with Cd (r=-0.622;P<0.05) and positively with Zn (r=0.745; P<0.05). Expectedly, Cd and Pb were higher while Cu and Zn were lower in hand-dug well water consumers than borehole water consumers.
Conclusion: Water consumption from hand-dug wells may have adverse reproductive sequelae among consumers.
Role of Toll-like receptors in COVID-19 pathogenesis
Authors: Sinyakin I. А. , Andrievskaya I. A. , Ishutina N. A. , Batalova T. A. , Grigor'ev N. R. 
Published: December 2021

Introduction. This review summarizes the available information on the role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the pathogenesis of the novel coronavirus infection COVID-19 induced by SARS-CoV-2. The exact pathogenesis of COVID-19 and the role of each component of innate and adaptive immunity are still unknown. Aim. Discussion of the possible role of TLRs in the immune response in COVID-19 infection. Results. Analysis of the literature in the PubMed database showed that the mechanism of penetration of SARS-CoV-2 and lysis of type II alveolocytes is the binding of the spike S-glycoprotein or capsid protein M of the virus to the receptor-binding domain of ACE2 on the surface of epithelial cells. Migration and infiltration of inflammatory cells leads to overactivation of TLR4 on the surface of alveolocytes and bronchial epithelium, shifting the process to MyD88-dependent acute inflammatory signaling and hypersecretion of proinflammatory cytokines that cause a “cytokine storm” and the development of severe complications of COVID-19 infection, in particular, acute respiratory infections, respiratory distress syndrome, pathology of internal organs, and, in some cases, the death of the patient. Conclusion. It is possible to suggest that TLRs have an impact on the immune response in COVID19 infection. Both antagonists and agonists of TLRs, depending on their type, can be examined to determine the therapeutic and negative effects of COVID-19 infection. Further research is needed to investigate TLRs and pathways for activating cytokine expression, as they indicate a direct relationship with mortality and virus susceptibility. Bioinformatic research can also help to better understand the interaction of TLRs with proteins and RNA of the SARS-CoV-2.
Fighting and Victory as Basic Terms in Agonistics and Praxeology and the Art of War
Authors: Wołejszo Jarosław , Malasiewicz Konrad 
Published: December 2021

Questions of how to overcome problems are probably the basic questions of fighters. Answers to them, from a historical perspective, the principles of martial art have been provided. These provisions, often mutually exclusive, raise questions related to the scientific approach to this issue. The scientific specialty dealing with the issue of combat is agonistics. This article is devoted to the presentation of the main concepts of agonistics and the general combat theory. In the first section, the author searches for an answer to the question whether an agonist meets the basic criteria of a scientific theory. The second section is devoted to the presentation of its main category, which is the concept of struggle. The last chapter refers to the purposeful cause of this theory represented by the concept of victory. This article confronts praxeological and sociological content with concepts characteristic of martial arts, and its main idea is to harmonize divergent insights on the phenomenon of struggle and victory, the main categories of agonistics. The research used theoretical (analysis, synthesis, comparison, inference and generalization) and empirical methods have been used. Additionally, a diagnostic survey has included the expert interview technique. The research results are presented in individual subsections of the article.
An Analysis Of Factors Affecting The Number Of Safety Incidents In Civil Aviation
Authors: Guzanek Patrycja , Borucka Anna 
Published: December 2021

Aviation is the youngest of the transport industries, yet despite its short history, it is considered one of the most important spheres of transport, both in terms of passenger and cargo transportation. Civil aviation is used by an increasing number of people, and the number of aircraft used by airlines around the world continues to grow. An inherent element that is a particularly important aspect of this mode of transportation is security. In civil aviation, there are numerous dangers associated with events occurring before the flight, during the flight, as well as those associated with the landing process. The events need to be controlled and their causes actively sought and ultimately prevented. The Polish Civil Aviation Authority, as part of the creation of the National Civil Aviation Safety Program, developed the National Safety Plan 2020-2023. The document covers threats identified in the Systemic, European, and National Areas. They are characterized and classified based on the materiality (significance) of the event. The aim of this article is to characterize and analyze selected factors (e.g. collisions with birds, helicopter events) that affect the number of safety incidents in civil aviation. The background of the study was the analysis and synthesis of the literature on the subject, while the main research method was the statistical analysis of historical data on aviation incidents. The data provided in Poland's National Security Plan 2020-2023 were used to distinguish the factors associated with the threats present and synthetically evaluate their impact. The analyses made it possible to identify areas of particular safety risks and form the basis for further detailed research.