bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determining the communicable period of SARS-CoV-2: A rapid review of the literature, March to September 2020
Authors: Park Mina , Pawliuk Colleen , Nguyen Tribesty , Griffitt Amanda , Dix-Cooper Linda , Fourik Nadia , Dawes Martin 
Published: April 2021

Introduction
Standard testing for infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is based on RT-PCR tests, but detection of viral genetic material alone does not indicate ongoing infectious potential. The ability to isolate whole virus represents a better proxy for infectivity.

Aim
The objective of this study was to gain an understanding of the current literature and compare the reported periods of positive SARS-CoV-2 detection from studies that conducted RT-PCR testing in addition to experiments isolating whole virus.

Methods
Using a rapid review approach, studies reporting empirical data on the duration of positive RT-PCR results and/or successful viral isolation following SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans were identified through searches of peer-reviewed and pre-print health sciences literature. Articles were screened for relevance, then data were extracted, analysed, and synthesised.

Results
Of the 160 studies included for qualitative analysis, 84% (n = 135) investigated duration of positive RT-PCR tests only, 5% (n = 8) investigated duration of successful viral isolations, while 11% (n = 17) included measurements on both. There was significant heterogeneity in reported data. There was a prolonged time to viral clearance when deduced from RT-PCR tests compared with viral isolations (median: 26 vs 9 days).

Discussion
Findings from this review support a minimum 10-day period of isolation but certain cases where virus was isolated after 10 days were identified. Given the extended time to viral clearance from RT-PCR tests, future research should ensure standard reporting of RT-PCR protocols and results to help inform testing policies aimed at clearance from isolation.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN TIPE MAKE A MATCH TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS XI MATA PELAJARAN AL-QUR’AN HADITS DI MAN 3 BANYUWANGI
Authors: Mashuri Imam , Rofiq Ainur 
Published: April 2021

The success of a learning process can be seen from student learning outcomes. In the learning process the learning model used will have an influence on students. As in the subject of Al-Qur'an Hadith, today we still easily find learning using conventional methods. So that learning activities will seem ordinary, and bored. This thesis aims to 1) To determine the effect of the Make A Match type learning model on the learning outcomes of class XI students in the Al-Qur'an Hadith subject in MAN 3 Banyuwangi in the 2019/2020 academic year. To determine the extent of the influence of the Make A Match type of learning model on student learning outcomes in the XI class of Al-Qur'an Hadits in MAN 3 Banyuwangi in the 2019/2020 academic year. This research is a quantitative research with a pre-experimental design approach, the type of one group pretest-posttest design. The population in this study were all students of class XI MAN 3 Banyuwangi, totaling 355 students. The sample in this study took a cluster sampling technique, namely class XI MIPA 5 with a total of 39 people. Data collection techniques in this study used observation and tests (pretest and posttest), and documentation. Then for the test analysis using the t test technique. Based on the results of the analysis, it can be concluded that in the class before being treated, the pretest learning outcomes were 71.41. then in the class after being given the treatment obtained posttest learning outcomes of 87.69. From the results of the test analysis, it was found that the data significance value was normally distributed and homogeneous. Furthermore, the hypothesis test was carried out using the t-test in the experimental class, the results of tcount> ttable were 6.745> 2.024, so it could be said that there was an effect of the application of the Make A Match type learning model on the learning outcomes of class XI students in the subject of Al-Qur'an Hadith in MAN. 3 Banyuwangi in the 2019/2020 school year or Ho was rejected and Ha was accepted. The effect of the learning model on student learning outcomes can be seen from the correlation between the pre-test and post-test scores of 0.471. Thus it can be concluded that there is an effect of the Make A Match learning model on the learning outcomes of class XI in the Al-Qur'an Hadith subject in MAN 3 Banyuwangi in the 2019/2020 school year with the moderate category.
تعيين جودة تعليم اللغة العربية في المدرسة الثانوية في أندونيسيا
Authors: Hidayah Fathi 
Published: April 2021

This research aims to reveal the steps of defining quality in the teaching of Arabic language. This research used qualitative approach by case study design to analyze the steps of defining quality in the teaching of Arabic language. To collect the data used observation, interview and documents. And to analyze the data used Milles and Hubberman analysis.
The results of this research mean: (1) the steps of defining quality in the teaching of Arabic language in Madrasa Tsanawiya are: Planning step: setting goals, the rule for the teacher and supervisor, the process of teaching Arabic in the classroom, evaluation, language activities and language environment . Implementation step: The teaching process took place in the Arabic language by accomplishing the educational goals and teaching materials by teaching methods and media, and doing the evaluatio.. Evaluation step: doing the internal evaluation is the daily, weekly, monthly, and annual evaluation. Improvement step: by increase language activities.
Geology, structure and metamorphism of the Lesser Himalayan metasedimentary sequence in Pokhara region, western Nepal
Authors: Paudel L. P. , Arita K. 
Published: April 2021

The Lesser Himalaya in the Pokhara region, western Nepal, comprises low grade metamorphic rocks of the Nawakot Complex in the south and mylonitic rocks of the Main Central Thrust Zone in the north. It is delimited in the north by the Main Central Thrust (MCT), which brings the kyanite gneisses of the Higher Himalayan Crystallines over the Lesser Himalayan metasediments. Cross-cutting pegmatite veins injected prior and posterior to the main deformation event are reported for the first time from the MCT Zone. The Phalebas Thrust, Lumle Thrust and the MCT are the major structural discordances, which divide the area into various tectonic zones with different style and intensity of deformation. At least three deformation events are recognised in each tectonic zone. Sense of shearing is always top to the south in the MCT Zone.
The Higher Himalayan Crystallines and the Lesser Himalayan metasediments show marked differences both in history and grade of metamorphism. The gneisses of the Higher Himalayan Crystallines exhibit polyphase metamorphism. The older high grade (kyanite-grade) metamorphism formed pyrope-rich cores in garnets and plagioclase with An>20%. The younger retrograde metamorphism caused to recrystallise phengitic muscovite and to form retrograde chemical zoning in garnets. The Lesser Himalaya shows syn- to post-tectonic, garnet-grade, inverted prograde metarnrophism. The grade of metamorphism increases from chlorite zone in the south to the biotite zone below the Lumle Thrust and the garnet zone in the MCT Zone. The garnets show prograde zoning pattern, muscovite gradually becomes poor in celadonite component, biotite becomes rich in Ti-content, and Ca-amphiboles become rich in Na and K from south towards the MCT. Both the Lesser Himalayan metasediments and the Higher Himalayan Crystallines have experienced the late-stage weak regression due to uplift and erosion.
Origin of thick coal seam in the Gondwana sequence of Jamalgonj basin, Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Md. Sultan-Ul- 
Published: April 2021

The Jamalgonj basin is an E-W elongated graben/half-graben type intracratonic basin in the Stable Shelf/Bogra Slope of the Platform area of Bangladesh. The present basin area is more sagged and deepest part of the Permian basin and is thought to be the easternmost continuation of Gondwana basins in India. The basin contains Gondwana sequence (>555 m) with more than seven coal seams of variable thickness.
The coals are high volatile bituminous type and contain high ash, low sulphur, moderate to high vitrinite, moderate inertinite, low exinite and high mineral matter. Lower seams are high in vitrinite than those of the upper. The coal seams contain several intraseam partings of shaley coal, coaly shale and carbonaceous shale/mudstone.
The thick coal seams were deposited in moderately to poorly drained, densely vegetated and comparatively long persistent backswamps adjacent to the channel-floodplain environments of fluvial regime. This type of thick seams are thought to be formed due to the combined interaction of several factors such as, localised aggradation of fluvial channel, abandonment of part of the channel area, slow and steady subsidence, long and protected time of peat accumulation, favourable palaeoclimate, palaeoflora, etc. with variable magnitude.
Pisarz, który nie cierpiał realizacji swoich książek
Authors: Tambor Agnieszka 
Published: April 2021

Stanisław Lem chronicznie nie znosił filmów opartych na jego tekstach, a każdą adaptację, która kiedykolwiek powstała, traktował jak świętokradztwo. Pisarz mimo wielkiego zainteresowania jego dzieła przez przemysł filmowy, nigdy nie był zachwycony ekranizacjami. Okropny to jedno z łagodniejszych słów, których używał w stosunku do „swoich” filmów. Czy to charakter pisarza nie dopuszczał jakichkolwiek zmian w napisanych przez niego tekstach, czy nie dostrzegał Lem prawideł rządzących językiem filmu i nie dopuszczał do siebie ram procesu tłumaczenia audiowizualnego i niezbędnych czasem ingerencji w treść?
AN INTELLIGENT TUTORING SYSTEM FOR LEARNING LISTENING TOEIC
Authors: Kusumaningrum Maria Asumpta Deny , Pertiwi Dewanti Ratna 
Published: April 2021

Nowadays, English proficiency to be one of the main requirements when someone continuous study and applies for a job. One of them is TOEIC (Test of English for International Communication). In SMK AAG Penerbangan Adisutjipto Yogyakarta, TOEIC is used to measure the studentsâ€™ English proficiency. Various job vacancy advertisements require the applicants to achieve the standard TOEIC score. Therefore, preparation for taking English proficiency is needed to equip the students ready in facing the TOEIC test. Artificial intelligence (AI) technology can help to improve the studentsâ€™ English proficiency. The use of AI becomes higher due to the advantages such as flexibility, accurateness, and direct feedback. This program applied AI technology to develop listening skill in TOEIC of the students in SMK AAG Penerbangan Adisutjipto Yogyakarta. The result from this community service is the students know the skills and strategies to do the listening skill in TOEIC test. Â Â Â
Outcomes for various dural graft materials after posterior fossa decompression with duraplasty for Chiari malformation type I: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yahanda Alexander T , Simon Laura E , Limbrick David D. 
Published: April 2021

OBJECTIVE
Posterior fossa decompression with duraplasty (PFDD) is often used for Chiari malformation type I (CM-I), but outcomes associated with different dural graft materials are not well characterized. In this meta-analysis, the authors examined complication rates and outcomes after PFDD for CM-I for autografts and four types of nonautologous grafts.

METHODS
A literature search of numerous electronic databases (Ovid Medline, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Health Technology Assessment Database, NHS Economic Evaluation Database, and ClinicalTrials.gov) was performed to identify articles detailing complications for dural graft materials after PFDD. Whenever available, data were also extracted regarding the need for revision surgery, symptom changes after PFDD, and syrinx size changes after PFDD. All searches were compliant with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), Institute of Medicine, Standards for Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions, and Peer Review of Electronic Search Strategies guidelines. There were no exclusion criteria based on patient age or presence or absence of syringomyelia.

RESULTS
The current evidence surrounding outcomes for various dural graft materials was found to be of low or very low quality. Twenty-seven studies were included, encompassing 1461 patients. Five types of dural graft materials were included: autograft (n = 404, 27.6%), synthetic (n = 272, 18.6%), bovine pericardium (n = 181, 12.4%), collagen-based (n = 397, 27.2%), and allograft (n = 207, 14.2%). Autograft was associated with a significantly lower rate of pseudomeningocele compared to collagen-based grafts, allografts, and nonautologous grafts in aggregate. Autograft was also associated with the lowest rates of aseptic meningitis, infectious meningitis, and need for revision PFDD, though these associations did not reach statistical significance. No other graft comparisons yielded significant results. Autograft and nonautologous graft materials yielded similar rates of revision surgery and produced similar improvements in postoperative symptoms and syrinx size.

CONCLUSIONS
Autograft was the dural graft material that most frequently had the lowest rate of complications and was associated with significantly lower rates of pseudomeningocele compared to collagen-based graft, allograft, and nonautologous graft materials. Autografts and nonautologous grafts yielded similar outcomes for revision surgery, symptoms, and syrinx size. Large prospective studies comparing different graft materials are needed to accurately and precisely characterize outcomes for individual graft types.
Resident operative experience in pediatric neurosurgery across the United States
Authors: Kumar Rahul , Hersh David S , Smith Luke G. F , Gordon William E , Khan Nickalus R , Gienapp Andrew J , Gungor Busra , Herr Michael J , Vaughn Brandy N , Michael L. Madison , Klimo Paul 
Published: April 2021

OBJECTIVE
Neurosurgical residents receive exposure to the subspecialty of pediatric neurosurgery during training. The authors sought to determine resident operative experience in pediatric neurosurgery across Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)–accredited neurosurgical programs.

METHODS
During 2018–2019, pediatric neurosurgical case logs for recent graduates or current residents who completed their primary pediatric exposure were collected from US continental ACGME training programs. Using individual resident reports and procedure designations, operative volumes and case diversity were analyzed collectively, according to training site characteristics, and also correlated with the recently described Resident Experience Score (RES).

RESULTS
Of the 114 programs, a total of 316 resident case logs (range 1–19 residents per program) were received from 86 (75%) programs. The median cumulative pediatric case volume per resident was 109 (IQR 75–161). Residents at programs with a pediatric fellowship reported a higher median case volume (143, IQR 96–187) than residents at programs without (91, IQR 66–129; p < 0.0001). Residents at programs that outsource their pediatric rotation had a lower median case volume (84, IQR 52–114) compared with those at programs with an in-house experience (117, IQR 79–170; p < 0.0001). The case diversity index among all programs ranged from 0.61 to 0.80, with no statistically significant differences according to the Accreditation Council for Pediatric Neurosurgery Fellowships designation or pediatric experience site (p > 0.05). The RES correlated moderately (r = 0.44) with median operative volumes per program. A program’s annual pediatric operative volume and duration of pediatric experience were identified as significant predictive factors for median resident operative volume.

CONCLUSIONS
Resident experience in pediatric neurosurgery is variable within and between programs. Case volumes are generally higher for residents at programs with in-house exposure and an accredited fellowship, but case diversity is relatively uniform across all programs. RES provides some insight on anticipated case volume, but other unexplained factors remain.
FIVE LAWS OF LIBRARY SCIENCE: SEBUAH PEMIKIRAN YANG DINAMIS DARI RANGANATHAN
Authors: Rohana Rohana , Adryawin Iwin 
Published: April 2021

Fokus penelitian ini adalah pemikiran Ranganathan mengenai konsep dasarperpustakaan yang dikenal dengan Lima Hukum Ilmu Perpustakaan dari Ranganathan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pemikiran ilmu perpustakaan dari tokoh Ranganathan sebagai pijakan dalam implementasi dan pengembangan perpustakaan ke depan. Metode penelitian menggunakan library research (penelitian literatur) dan bersifat deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik baca catat. Kemudian dianalisis dengan teknik analisis isi.Hasil penelitian ini adalah Konsep Five Laws of Library Science Ranganathanmerupakan konsep yang dinamis, bukan sesuatu yang sudah sempurna dan final. Oleh karenanya, hukum Ranganathan tersebut harus senantiasa dikaji dan dikembangkan menurut kebutuhan dan visi, serta misi perpustakaan itu sendiri. Lima Hukum tersebut adalah 1. Books are for use (buku untuk dimanfaatkan). 2. Every reader his book (setiap pembaca terdapat bukunya). 3. Every book its reader (setiap buku terdapat pembacanya). 4. Save the time of the reader (hemat waktu pembaca). 5. A library is a growing organism (perpustakaan adalah organisme yang berkembang).Kata Kunci: Ranganathan, Ilmu Perpustakaan
Guerrillas and Fish in Uganda
Authors: Johnson Jennifer L. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
On 29 January 1986, Yoweri Kaguta Museveni was sworn in as President of the Republic of Uganda and his National Resistance Movement (NRM) and National Resistance Army (NRA) became the first guerrilla force to successfully overthrow a government in postcolonial Africa. Some thirty years after the NRM's bush war was won, the Ugandan military, with President Museveni still at the helm, began officially waging what it calls a guerrilla war against its own citizens. The goal of Museveni's second guerrilla war was not to bring forth yet another anti-imperial democratic revolution. It was instead designed to sustainably develop fisheries production in Lake Victoria, a task Museveni claims exclusive abilities to successfully steward for the benefit the Ugandan nation as a whole. Transformations in Lake Victoria's fisheries ecology that predated the NRM's rise to power, and indeed, predated the formal independence of the Ugandan state were shaped by and shape managerial logics that continue to justify violence against fishworkers in order to enact conventional conceptions of sustainability. Memories of tragedy and success bound up in national narratives of the 1981-1986 war for anti-imperial democratic revolution work to maintain managerial logics and regulatory regimes imposed by the former British colonial state.
A robust and high capacity data hiding method for JPEG compressed images with SVD-based block selection and advanced error correcting techniques
Authors: Biswas Kusan 
Published: April 2021

In this paper, we propose a frequency domain data hiding method for the JPEG compressed images. The proposed method embeds data in the DCT coefficients of the selected 8 × 8 blocks. According to the theories of Human Visual Systems (HVS), human vision is less sensitive to perturbation of pixel values in the uneven areas of the image. In this paper we propose a Singular Value Decomposition based image roughness measure (SVD-IRM) using which we select the coarse 8 × 8 blocks as data embedding destinations. Moreover, to make the embedded data more robust against re-compression attack and error due to transmission over noisy channels, we employ Turbo error correcting codes. The actual data embedding is done using a proposed variant of matrix encoding that is capable of embedding three bits by modifying only one bit in block of seven carrier features. We have carried out experiments to validate the performance and it is found that the proposed method achieves better payload capacity and visual quality and is more robust than some of the recent state-of-the-art methods proposed in the literature.
Current Landscape of Nutrition Within Prehabilitation Oncology Research: A Scoping Review
Authors: Gillis Chelsia , Davies Sarah J. , Carli Francesco , Wischmeyer Paul E. , Wootton Stephen A. , Jackson Alan A. , Riedel Bernhard , Marino Luise V. , Levett Denny Z. H. , West Malcolm A. 
Published: April 2021

Background: Prehabilitation aims to improve functional capacity prior to cancer treatment to achieve better psychosocial and clinical outcomes. Prehabilitation interventions vary considerably in design and delivery. In order to identify gaps in knowledge and facilitate the design of future studies, we undertook a scoping review of prehabilitation studies to map the range of work on prehabilitation being carried out in any cancer type and with a particular focus on diet or nutrition interventions.Objectives: Firstly, to describe the type of prehabilitation programs currently being conducted. Secondly, to describe the extent to which prehabilitation studies involved aspects of nutrition, including assessment, interventions, implementation, and outcomes.Eligibility Criteria: Any study of quantitative or qualitative design that employed a formal prehabilitation program before cancer treatment (“prehabilitation” listed in keywords, title, or abstract).Sources of Evidence: Search was conducted in July 2020 using MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, EMCARE, CINAHL, and AMED.Charting Methods: Quantitative data were reported as frequencies. Qualitative nutrition data were charted using a framework analysis that reflects the Nutrition Care Process Model: assessment, intervention, and monitoring/evaluation of the nutrition intervention.Results: Five hundred fifty unique articles were identified: 110 studies met inclusion criteria of a formal prehabilitation study in oncology. prehabilitation studies were mostly cohort studies (41%) or randomized-controlled trials (38%) of multimodal (49%), or exercise-only (44%) interventions that were applied before surgery (94%). Nutrition assessment was inconsistently applied across these studies, and often conducted without validated tools (46%). Of the 110 studies, 37 (34%) included a nutrition treatment component. Half of these studies provided the goal for the nutrition component of their prehabilitation program; of these goals, less than half referenced accepted nutrition guidelines in surgery or oncology. Nutrition interventions largely consisted of counseling with dietary supplementation. The nutrition intervention was indiscernible in 24% of studies. Two-thirds of studies did not monitor the nutrition intervention nor evaluate nutrition outcomes.Conclusion: Prehabilitation literature lacks standardized and validated nutritional assessment, is frequently conducted without evidence-based nutrition interventions, and is typically implemented without monitoring the nutrition intervention or evaluating the intervention's contribution to outcomes. We suggest that the development of a core outcome set could improve the quality of the studies, enable pooling of evidence, and address some of the research gaps identified.