bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on predicting plate deformation under double charges coupled loading based on GBR-RFR stacking model
Authors: Chu Shanyong , Liu Yan , Xu Zixi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In modern information warfare, quickly and accurately destroying enemy key targets is crucial. The single damage mode of traditional ammunition no longer meets the demands of complex combat environments. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the damage modes and plastic deformation of targets under double charges coupling to achieve precision strikes. This paper studies the predictive model of plate deformation under double charges coupling. A double charges synchronous explosion was used as the means of coupling shock wave loading, and double charges experiments on the damage to Q235 metal plates were conducted. Based on the experimental results, a three-dimensional finite element numerical simulation model was established and its accuracy was verified. Further simulation conditions were added, and data on the plastic deformation at the center of the metal plate under double charges synchronous loading were calculated. A predictive model for the plastic deformation at the center of the metal plate was constructed based on the GBR-RFR stacking model, thereby obtaining a predictive model for the plastic deformation at the center of the metal plate under double charges synchronous loading. Through dual-source synchronous explosion experiments and finite element numerical simulations, plastic deformation data at the center of Q235 metal plates under different loading conditions were obtained. Validation results show that the finite element simulation model can accurately predict the deformation of the plate. On this basis, the predictive model constructed based on the GBR-RFR stacking model demonstrates high prediction accuracy, providing an effective method for predicting the deformation of metal plates under double charges synchronous loading.
Research on heating characteristics of lithium battery under bullet impact
Authors: Zhang Song , Wu Yu , Tian Ye , Zheng Xu , Liu Yuan , Wang Haosheng , Wei Wei , He Liang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Lithium battery is the preferred power for modern weapons. Considering the high energetic density of Lithium battery, it is easy to trigger deflagration after impact by bullets, fragments, or other damage elements in the battlefield environment, thus causing the serious destruction on equipment. In this study, the heating characteristics and deflagration safety of 6Ah ternary Lithium battery under impact by 5.8mm bullet were systematically investigated. The deflagration of the lithium battery with full state of charge was trigger within 0.1s after impact, and the highest temperature was measured to be 750℃. Although the single impact failed to cause the deflagration of the lithium battery contained partial capacity, the maximum temperature increased by 92.5%, and the duration of heating decreased by 72%, respectively, with the state of charge increased from 50% to 75%. Finally, based on Joule’s law, a heating-up model of lithium battery after penetration was established, and the error between the calculation and the measured value was less than 5%.
Experimental Study on Damage of Ship Multi-cabin Protective Structure with Arc-shaped Supports Subjected to Underwater Contact Explosion
Authors: Guo T T , Zhang D Y , Chen J , Wang J , Zhang L P 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Underwater contact explosion will cause serious damage to the multi-cabin protective structure (MPS) of large ships. In order to improve the protective performance of MPS, an effective way is to set arc-shaped supports behind the main protective wall to reduce the risk of damage. In order to explore the damage mechanism of multi-cabin protective structure with arc-shaped supports under contact explosion, a large-scale cabin model was designed and the underwater contact explosion test was carried out. The experimental data of the multi-cabin protective structure model after the test were obtained, such as model breach size, deformation and impact acceleration. The results show that underwater contact explosions will cause significant damage to the outer structure of the MPS, with main forms of damage including tearing of the outer plate, buckling of internal components, and production of fragments. The calculation method for breach size based on panel energy is in good agreement with the experimental results. Additionally, setting arc-shaped supports behind the main protective wall can significantly reduce the deformation of the main defensive wall and mitigate the risk of tensile failure at the upper and lower joints.
A neural network for the prediction of damage to reinforced cylindrical shells subjected to non-contact underwater explosions
Authors: Zhou K W , Ding S , Xie Y J , Shao Y , Zhang Z F 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Explosion tests and numerical simulations are of great significance for the study of submarine and other underwater target damage characteristics. However, the cost of the real ship test is high, the implementation is difficult, and the time cost of the simulation calculation is high, which presents some difficulties in attempting to quickly assess the damage of underwater structures. Currently, the combination of machine learning and numerical simulation has become a more effective means of addressing the aforementioned issues. In this paper, the acoustic-structural arithmetic is employed to realise the non-contact underwater explosion simulation calculation of the reinforced cylindrical shell section. The maximum deflection of the reinforcement bar is extracted as the output parameter from the calculation results. The explosion distance, explosive equivalent, and the thickness of the reinforcement bar are taken as the input parameter. The prediction and analysis are carried out based on the back-propagation neural network algorithm of machine learning. The data generated by the neural network are processed and analysed for the error analysis. The processing and error analysis of the data generated by the neural network revealed that the neural network exhibited a superior prediction effect, establishing an accurate and efficient prediction model for the damage characteristics of underwater exploding cylindrical shells.
Computational Optimization of CFRP Strip Thickness for Enhanced Blast Mitigation in Structural Pipe Retrofitting
Authors: Saifi Farman , Javaid Mohd , Haleem Abid , Anas S. M. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Explosions, characterized by sudden energy releases and destructive shock waves, are increasingly frequent due to terrorism, industrial accidents, and infrastructure decay. These events pose serious risks to pipelines, causing leaks, disruptions in services, and environmental damage, highlighting the urgent need for robust mitigation strategies. The aim of this study is to explore the efficacy of CFRP strips in augmenting a pipe’s response to contact blast loads. Advanced 3D simulations of blast wave interactions with an empty pipe were conducted using computational fluid dynamics techniques. These simulations were complemented by comparative analyses using Abaqus, benchmarked against existing literature findings after rigorous validation. Subsequently, the research expanded to optimize the computational assessment of CFRP strip thicknesses for enhancing blast mitigation in structural pipe retrofitting. The authors systematically varied strip thicknesses from 0.15mm to 0.75mm in uniform increments of 0.15mm, evaluating their respective performances and comparing the results. Results showed that: CFRP strips significantly reduce pipe deformation under blast loading, with thicker strips, particularly at 0.75mm, demonstrating the highest effectiveness in enhancing blast resistance and minimizing severe damages.
Study on the critical velocity for initiation of a covered explosive by fragment impact
Authors: Yu Wanqian , Zhang Haijun , Guo Shang , Shu Qinghai 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study examines the critical velocity for initiating a covered explosive via fragment impact, crucial for enhancing ammunition safety and reliability. Using numerical simulation techniques, the initiation threshold and influencing factors under non-normal impact conditions are investigated, which are more relevant to battlefield scenarios. The Jacobs-Roslund formula for NTO based insensitive explosive is calibrated, which is applicable for both flat-nosed and standard conical-nosed fragments. To account for a large range of impact angles, a correction term is introduced, and the predicted values are in good agreement with the simulation results. The effects of fragment pitch, yaw, and charge curvature on the critical velocity are found to be minimal at impact angle not exceeding 25°.
Dynamic response of a Square Cabin under Blast Loading
Authors: Yang L Z , Wang J , Zuo Q W , Huang L Z 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
To investigate the dynamic response of square cabin under blast loading, three static explosion experiments were conducted on a small polyhedral structure square cabin. The TNT equivalent weights used were 1.04kg, 2.04kg, and 3.04kg, at distances of 1m, 0.8m, and 1.7m, respectively. The free-field overpressure sensor was employed to record the overpressure generated by the explosion, and the dynamic response of the square cabin structure under the blast loading was analyzed. Results show that the distribution of the square cabin skeleton and the quantity of equipment have a significant impact on the dynamic response of the square cabin. The research findings have important reference value for the application scope of square cabins on the battlefield.
Research on the sensitivity of various factors influencing the molding performance of PSC damage elements through orthogonal design
Authors: Hong Xiaowen , Xia Kailang , Shi Anshun , Wang Lujie , Qin Chao , Fan Xuefei , Zhao Hongyuan , Han Hongwei , Ge Yuanyuan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
To investigate the forming characteristics of the damage element in a plane symmetric shaped charge structure, the geometric design of an oil perforating charge was undertaken. The shaping process of this damage element was then numerically simulated using LS-DYNA. By analyzing the factors influencing the molding performance of the PSC damage element, the orthogonal design method was employed to identify three key factors: groove wall thickness, groove width, and groove height. Additionally, five evaluation indices were established: head velocity, tail velocity, velocity gradient, length, and width of the damage element. The sensitivity of each factor to these evaluation indices was examined. The findings reveal that groove wall thickness and height are the primary factors influencing head velocity, tail velocity, head-tail velocity difference, and the length of the damage element. Except when the wall thickness is 0, where a monotonic increase is observed, the groove width is the primary determinant of the damage element’s width. Other evaluation indicators demonstrate contrasting trends relative to other factors. Ultimately, the combination parameter b4δ2h1, which exhibits superior cutting performance, was optimized.
Damage effect of composite sandwich structure under shock wave loading
Authors: Jianfei Li , Zejian Xu , Yan Liu 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
To investigate the damage effect of composite sandwich structure under shock wave loading, the damage experiment of composite sandwich structure under blast loading was carried out systematically. By studying the response process of the maximum deformation value and plastic deformation value of different composite sandwich structures under blast loading with the change of relative distance, a characterization method that measures the overall deformation of composite sandwich structure is proposed. The damage law of composite sandwich structure under blast loading and the failure mode of front and rear panels and core layer are obtained. Additionally, the causes of overall deformation and local failure of the front and rear panels, as well as the failure mechanism of the core layer, are analyzed. By analysing the relationship between the relative distance and the deformation value, combined with the damage degree of the composite sandwich structure under different relative distance, the results show that the relationship between the maximum deformation value of the sandwich structure and the scaled distance is monotonous. It is reasonable to characterize the damage degree and overall deformation of sandwich structure. Finally, based on the maximum deformation value of the composite sandwich structure, the damage criterion of the composite sandwich structure under blast loading is proposed by using the shock wave overpressure criterion.
Formation and Deflexion Characteristics of Explosively Formed Projectile with Eccentric Composite Shell Constraint
Authors: Tang Jing , Yu Rui , Liao Yu-gang , Wang Ya-jun , Du Hua-chi , Chen Xiao-hui 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this study, the influence of eccentric composite shell constraint to the formation and deflexion characteristics of EFP were studied. The laser high speed photography picture at typical moments of eccentric composite shell EFPs were taken. The influence of outer shell material parameters, height decline ratio (Hot/Hit), eccentric ratio (Ls/Ll) on the formation of EFP were analyzed by establishing geometric models based on Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) algorithm. Unaxisymmetric outer shell exhibits eccentricity in the pressure of reflected detonation wave. This made the pressure loading time of the liner at thinner side of outer shell decreased. Therefore, the eccentric change of detonation wave led to the formation of a deflected EFP. Eccentric composite shell constraint has significant influence of formation and deflexion characteristics of EFP. With the strength, density and Ls/Ll
of outer shell increase and the Hot/Hit
decrease, the velocity L/D and compactness of EFP increase, which is beneficial for forming a compact EFP. However, the displacement in X direction of ballistic and the deflexion angle of EFP increases, which will decline stability to the flight of EFP in air. The shorter the outer shell, the smaller impact on forming and deflexion of EFP, when Hot/Hit
of outer shell decreased to 0.4, the EFP characteristic parameter tended to stabilized. The research results can provide guidance for the asymmetric design of EFP.
Optimization of Micro-EFP charge structures based on PSO-SVM algorithm
Authors: Zhang Y M , Jiang J W , Wang S Y , Chen G J 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
To achieve a high-performance design of micro Explosive Formed Projectile (EFP) structures, a method based on the combination of the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm and Support Vector Machine (SVM) with numerical simulation technology is proposed for the optimization and design of EFP structures. The efficient optimization of the EFP structure is achieved by establishing the mapping relationship between the EFP structure and performance and using the PSO algorithm for parameter optimization. The results show that the optimal parameters of the structure are R
out/D
k=1.347, R
in/D
k=1.552, δ/D
k=0.045, σ/D
k=0.060, and N (L/D
k) =1.082. Under this optimization option, the EFP velocity is predicted to be 2362.6 m/s, and the numerical simulation results are 2385 m/s, with an error of only 0.95%. An effective optimization approach for the design of micro explosively formed projectiles is provided.
Prediction of FAE concentration based on Physics-Informed Neural Network
Authors: Zhang Zheng-qian , Lou Wen-zhong , Fu Sheng-hua , Wu Yi-zhe , Feng Heng-zhen 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The dispersion concentration distribution of Fuel-Air Explosives (FAE) directly affects fuse warhead matching, thereby influencing the FAE weapon’s effectiveness. Therefore, real-time simulation of the concentration distribution during the fuel dispersion process is a key technology for the design of FAE weapon’s fuse warhead matching. This paper simplifies the FAE fuel dispersion process, constructs a model of the fuel dispersion process, establishes fuel diffusion control equations, designs the training process of Physics Informed Neural Networks (PINN) to fit the fuel diffusion process, and predicts of concentration of fuel clouds at different spatial coordinates at different times. The global relative error of the predicted values for the three physical fields is approximately 15% to 20%, providing a new method for simulating experiments on the dispersion process of FAE.
Deformation and damage of intermediate-thickness Mg6Gd3Y0.5Zr plate subjected to high-speed ballistic impact
Authors: Li J T , Hua J Y , Chai H W , Luo S N 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Mg-rare earth (RE) alloys have been under rapid development as a novel class of lightest alloys. The ballistic performance of Mg-RE alloy plates, especially intermediate-thickness plates, is of particular interest for applied and basic studies, but rarely investigated. We investigate high-speed perforation of intermediate-thickness Mg6Gd3Y0.5Zr plate with ballistic experiment, microstructure characterization, and finite element simulation. The projectile is a stainless steel (SS304) sphere, the Mg6Gd3Y0.5Zr target plate is 20-mm thick, and the impact velocity is 1612 m s−1. High-speed photography captures target deformation and damage along with ejecta. Postmortem material characterizations indicate plastic deformation, localized shearing and spallation damages, and melting and re-solidification of the target. The finite element simulation can well reproduce the target behaviors and projectile residual velocity observed in the experiment. A multi-stage analysis on the histories of instantaneous projectile velocity and target rear face pressure reveals the transition of target deformation/damage modes during penetration/perforation. The projectile mainly decelerates during the front half of perforation, while spalling and plugging reduce the ballistic resistance to the projectile movement.
Investigation on spatial distribution characteristics of fragment damage field of composite warhead
Authors: Zhao Boxing , Li Ming , He Zheng , Zhang Jingbo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Most of the threats faced by air combat units consist of clusters of lightly armored targets. Fragmentation warhead technology plays a crucial role in effectively engaging such targets. This study focuses on investigating the power performance and spatial distribution characteristics of the fragmentation damage field generated by multifunctional composite warheads, aiming to meet the damage requirements for these specific targets. The impact of falling speed on the fragmentation damage field is analyzed through a combination of theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Furthermore, this research examines how the shape and arrangement of prefabricated fragments, as well as the angle at which they are deployed, influence the fragmentation damage field under varying falling speeds. Additionally, a method is proposed to characterize the spatial distribution characteristics of the damage field based on fragment distribution along a cylindrical surface surrounding the detonation point. These research findings can serve as valuable references for enhancing fragment effectiveness and improving warhead design.
Study on cutting performance of CFRP by linear shaped charge
Authors: Rongqiang Liu , Rui Yu , Xuena Si , Ping Qu 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Carbon Fiber-reinforced Polymer (CFRP) is widely used in weapons system because of their excellent specific strength, specific stiffness and fatigue resistance. Shaped charge cutting separation technology is the most widely used separation technology in aerospace due to its simple structure, high reliability, synchronization and other advantages. Through the cutting experiment of CFRP plate with different thickness, the cutting capacity threshold of the selected linear shaped charge is obtained as 15mm ∼ 16mm. Based on the experiment results, the finite element model of linear shaped charge cutting CFRP plate was established. The effects of different standoff, constraints and charge density on the cutting ability were calculated. The calculation results show that for the linear shaped charge in this paper, when the standoff is 3mm, the cutting performance is the best, and it can effectively cut through the CFRP plate with a thickness of 15mm; The designed 180mm × 100mm test plate can carry out the cutting experiment under the free boundary condition without affecting the cutting performance; The cutting depth of the linear shaped charge on the CFRP plate increase with the charge density, which exhibits a linear relationship. The research work in this paper can guide the selection and design of linear shaped charge for cutting and separating CFRP plate.
Numerical simulation on coupling effect and power performance of damage elements for multifunctional focusing warhead
Authors: Wang Tian , Wang Fang , Lan Yu-zhen 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
To further enhance the lethality and damage efficiency of the circumferential fragment, a multifunctional focusing warhead has been designed based on the traditional multifunctional warhead (cylindrical charge). To investigate the coupling relationship between fragment focusing and EFP (Explosively Formed Penetrator) forming in the multifunctional focusing warhead, the liner and focusing casing were transformed into the aluminum end cap and cylindrical casing as the control groups, and AUTODYN was employed for numerical simulation. To investigate the impact of charge curvature radius on the performance of damage elements in multifunctional focusing warhead, numerical simulations were conducted to analyze the EFP formation and fragment dispersion processes for cylindrical charged warhead and multifunctional focusing warheads with three different charge curvature radii. The results show that: (1) EFP forming does not significantly impact the performance of fragment focusing. Furthermore, when the charge curvature radius (R) is appropriately selected, the fragment focusing process does not adversely affect EFP forming. (2) As the curvature radius of the charge increases, the power performance of the multifunctional focusing warhead improves. The kinetic energy and tip speed of EFP also increase, while the length-diameter ratio of EFP decreases. Additionally, the average and maximum velocities of the prefabricated fragments increase, the fragment focusing band width narrows, and the fragment density within the focusing band increases. The numerical simulation results can serve as a reference for the design of multifunctional focusing warhead.