bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Co-designing a Community Pharmacy Pharmacogenomics Testing Service In The UK
Authors: Rendell Tim , Barnett Julie , Wright David 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Pharmacogenomics (PGx) testing services have been delivered through community pharmacies across the globe, though not yet in the UK. This paper is reporting a focus group study, the first stage of a participatory co-design process to increase the chance of a successful implementation of a PGx service through community pharmacy in the UK.Aim: To identify the barriers and enablers to implementing a community pharmacy based PGx service in the UK.Method: Three focus groups were conducted with community pharmacists (n= 10), prescribers (n= 8) and patients (n=8) in England. The focus groups were recorded, transcribed and thematically analysed using the Braun and Clarke six step reflexive thematic analysis approach.Results: The analysis identified five themes about PGx testing in community pharmacies: (1) In- principle receptiveness, (2) Appreciation of the benefits, (3) Lack of implementation resources (4) Ambiguity about implications for implementation and (5) Interprofessional relationship challenges.Conclusion: The identified enablers for implementation of a PGx service were at a macro health system strategic level; the concerns were more at a granular operational procedural level. Overall receptiveness was noted by all three participant groups, and both prescriber and pharmacist groups appreciated the potential benefits for patients and the healthcare system. Prior to implementation in the UK, there is a need to disambiguate health professional’s concerns of the guidance, resources, and knowledge required to set up and deliver the service and to resolve patient concerns about the nature of genomics.
Exosomal miR-143-3p Derived from PCOS Follicular Fluid Induces Granulosa Cell Apoptosis by Targeting BMPR1A and Suppression of Smad1/5/8 Signaling
Authors: Zhao Yuanyuan , Pan Shuhong , Li Yunying , Wu Xiaohua 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine and metabolic disorders disease in women of reproductive age. The anovulation caused by abnormal follicular development is still the main characteristic of infertile patients with PCOS. Granulosa cells (GCs), an important component of follicular microenvironment, affect follicular development through GCs dysfunction. Increasing evidence indicates that exosomal miRNAs derived from follicular fluid (FF) of patients play critical roles during PCOS. However, which and how follicular fluid derived exosomal miRNAs play a pivotal role in controlling granulosa cells function and consequently follicular development remain largely unknown. Herein, we showed that miR-143-3p is highly expressed in follicular fluid exosomes of PCOS patients and can be delivered into granulosa cells. Furthermore, the functional experiments showed that the translocated miR-143-3p promoted granulosa cell apoptosis, which are important in follicle development. In terms of mechanism, we demonstrated that BMPR1A was identified as a direct target of miR-143-3p. Overexpression of BMPR1A reversed the effects of exosomal miR-143-3p on GCs apoptosis and proliferation by activating Smad1/5/8 signaling pathway. These results demonstrate that miR-143-3p-containing exosomes derived from PCOS follicular fluid promoted granulosa cell apoptosis by targeting BMPR1A and blockading Smad1/5/8 signaling pathway. Our findings provide a novel mechanism underlying the roles of exosomal-miRNA in follicular fluid of PCOS and facilitate the development of therapeutic strategies for PCOS.
The Effect of Subdiaphragmatic Vagotomy on Heart Rate Variability and Lung Inflammation in Rats with Severe Hemorrhagic Shock
Authors: Khodadadi Fateme , Ketabchi Farzaneh , Khodabandeh Zahra , Tavassoli Alireza , Lewis Gregory F. , Bahaoddini Aminollah 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
The role of the sub-diaphragmatic branch of the vagus nerve in mediating heart rate variability (HRV) and inflammatory reaction to long term hemorrhagic shock has not been determined prior to this study.
Methods
Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups of Sham, sub-diaphragmatic vagotomized (Vag), long term (130±2 minutes) hemorrhagic shock (LHS), and sub-diaphragmatic vagotomized with LHS (Vag+LHS). Hemodynamic parameters were recorded and HRV calculated during multiple phases of hemorrhagic shock. The expressions of TNF-α and iNOS were measured in the spleen and lung tissues at the conclusion of the protocol.
Results
Decreases in blood pressure during blood withdrawal were identical in the LHS and Vag+LHS groups. However, heart rate only decreased in the Nadir-1 phase of the LHS group. HRV indicated increased power in the very-low, low, and high (VLF, LF, and HF) frequency bands during the Nadir-1 phase of the LHS group and decreased power in the Vag+LHS group. There was metabolic acidosis partially compensated with respiratory system in the LHS and Vag+LHS groups. Increases of TNF-α and iNOS expression in the spleen and lung of the LHS group were reversed in the Vag+LHS group.
Conclusion
This study indicates that sub-diapragmatic vagotomy increases lung inflammatory reactions and blunts the cardiac vagal tone surge in response to severe hemorrhagic shock.
Spatial Mixture Copula Model For Multiple Correlated Responses With An Environmental Application
Authors: Abraj Mohomed , Thompson M. Helen , Wang You-Gan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In environmental monitoring, multiple measurements are often collected at many locations and these measurements depend on each other in complex ways, such as nonlinear dependence. In this research, a novel copula-based geostatistical modelling approach was developed to model multivariate continuous spatial random fields using mixture copulas that captures both spatial and joint dependence of multiple responses over two-dimensional locations. In a bivariate context, the mixture copulas were used to capture the joint spatial dependence of a bivariate random field and the spatial copula of the bivariate random field was constructed as the convex combination of mixture copulas. The proposed model was applied to real forest data and simulated nonlinear data. The performance of the novel method was compared with existing spatial methods, which included a univariate spatial pair-copula model, a multivariate spatial pair-copula model that utilises nonlinear principal component analysis (NLPCA), and conventional kriging. The results show that the proposed model outperforms the existing methods in the interpolation of individual responses and reproduction of their bivariate dependence.
The Impact of Geo-Political Socio-Economic Factors on Vaccine Dissemination Trends: A Case-Study on COVID-19 Vaccination Strategies
Authors: Chauhan Ritu , Varma Gatha , Yafi Eiad , Zuhairi Megat F. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: The world in recent years has seen a pandemic of global scale. To counter the widespread loss of life and severe repercussions, researchers developed vaccinations at a fast pace to immunize the population. While the vaccines were developed and tested through extensive human trials, historically vaccines have been known to evoke mixed sentiments among the generic demographics. In the proposed study, we aim to reveal the impact of political and socio-economic factors on SARS-Cov-2 vaccination trends observed in two hundred and seventeen countries spread across the six continents.Methods: The study had hypothesized that the citizens who have lower trust in their government would be less inclined towards vaccination programs. To test this hypothesis, vaccination trends of nations under authoritarian rule were compared against democratic nations. Further, the study was proposed with relevance and impacting factor that was considered for vaccine dissemination in comparison with the literacy rate of the nations. Another impacting factor the study focused on for the vaccination dissemination trends was the health expenses of different nations.Results: The comparison of trends showed that dissemination of SARS-Cov-2 vaccines had been comparable between the two-opposing types of governance. The major impact factor behind the wide acceptance of the SARS-Cov-2 vaccine was the expenditure done by a country on healthcare. These nations used a large number of vaccines to administer to their population and the trends showed positive growth. While the nations with the lowest healthcare expenses failed to keep up with the demand and depended on vaccines donated by other countries to protect their population.Conclusions: The analysis revealed strong indicators that the nations which spend more on healthcare were the ones that had the best SARS-Cov-2 vaccination rollout. To further support decision-making in the future, countries should address the trust and sentiment of their citizens towards vaccination. For this, expenses need to be made to develop and promote vaccines and project them as positive health tools. Trial registration: Not Applicable
Electrochemical Detection of Lactate Produced by Foodborne Presumptive Lactic Acid Bacteria
Authors: Ozoglu Ozum , Uzunoglu Aytekin , Unal Mehmet Altay , Gumustas Mehmet , Ozkan Sibel Aysıl , Korukluoglu Mihriban , Altuntas Evrim Gunes 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: The detection of lactate is an important indicator of freshness, stability, and storage stability of products as well as degree of fermentation in food industry. In addition, it can be used as a diagnostic tool in patients’ healthcare since it is known that the lactate level in blood increases in some pathological conditions including septic shock, tissue hypoxia, and sepsis. Thus, determination of lactate level plays an important role in not only food industry but also health fields. At this point, biosensor has become important to detect lactate due to having many advantages like rapid, cheap and easy to use. Methods and Results: In the current study, amperometric lactate biosensors based on lactate oxidase immobilization (with nafion 5% wt) were designed and limit of detection, linear range and sensitivity values were determined, which were found as 31 μM, 50-350 μM and 0.04 μA.μM-1.cm-2, respectively. Then, it was used for the measurement of lactic acid produced by 6 different and morphologically identified presumptive lactic acid bacteria (LAB) which were isolated from different naturally fermented cheese samples for this study. Then, the biosensors were used to perform lactate measurements successfully within 3 minutes for each sample even few of them were out of the limit of detection. Conclusion: Electrochemical biosensors should be alternative and quick solutions for measurement of lactate metabolites instead of using classical methods which are required long working time. Besides, it is the first study to measure lactate produced by foodborne LAB as real sample with a biosensor.
Wall Pressures In a Channel Flow Obstructed By a Line of Inclined Rods: Invariant Groups and Semi-Empirical Correlations
Authors: Herrero Víctor , Ferrari Hernán , Marino Raul , Clausse Alejandro 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
An experiment is conducted in a rectangular channel obstructed by a transverse line of four inclined cylindrical rods. The wall pressure around the perimeter of a central rod and the pressure drop through the channel are measured varying the inclination angle of the rods. Three assemblies of rods with different diameters are tested. The measurements were analyzed applying momentum conservation principles and semi-empirical considerations. Several invariant dimensionless groups of parameters relating the pressure at key locations of the system with characteristic dimensions of the rods are produced. It was found that the independence principle holds for most of the Euler numbers characterizing the pressure at different locations, that is, the group is independent of the inclination angle provided that the inlet velocity projection normal to the rods is used to non-dimensionalize the pressure. The resulting semi-empirical correlations can be useful for designing similar hydraulic units.
CCN1 coordinately regulates intestinal stem cell proliferation and differentiation through integrins αvβ3/αvβ5
Authors: Won Jonghoon , Choi Jacob , Jun Joon-Il 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Intestinal stem cells (ISCs) at the crypt base contribute to intestinal homeostasis through a balance between self-renewal and differentiation. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating this homeostatic balance remain elusive. Here we show that the matricellular protein CCN1/CYR61 coordinately regulates ISC proliferation and differentiation through distinct pathways emanating from CCN1 interaction with integrins αvβ3/αvβ5. Mice that delete Ccn1 in Lgr5+ ISCs or express mutant CCN1 unable to bind integrins αvβ3/αvβ5 exhibited exuberant ISC expansion and enhanced differentiation into secretory cells at the expense of absorptive enterocytes in the small intestine, leading to nutrient malabsorption. Analysis of crypt organoids revealed that through integrins αvβ3/αvβ5, CCN1 induces NF-κB-dependent Jag1 expression to regulate Notch activation for differentiation and promotes Src-mediated YAP activation and Dkk1 expression to control Wnt signaling for proliferation. Moreover, CCN1 and YAP amplify the activities of each other in a regulatory loop. These findings establish CCN1 as a novel niche factor in the intestinal crypts, providing new insights into how matrix signaling exerts overarching control of ISC homeostasis.
Water Quality as Affected by Quarry Activities in Ebonyi State, Nigeria
Authors: Okafor Odera Chukwumaijem , Njoku Chima 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The study was done in 2018, 2019 and 2020, during which quarry activities effects was determined on water qualities in Ebonyi State, Southeastern Nigeria. The following locations were selected: 0 – 50 m from quarry locations at Ishiagu, Umuoghara and Ngbo were selected with Non quarry location situated 3 km away from each location as control. Collected water samples were analysed for selected physical properties, chemical properties and heavy metal concentrations. The experimental design was carried out in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with F-LSD at (p < 0.05). The results obtained were compared with the established standards. Physical parameters studied in the sites within 0 – 50 m from quarry sites were higher than that of control and are within the recommended standards. Similarly, chemical parameters were higher the sites within 0 – 50 m from quarry sites than that of control and are within the standard, except pH in 2018 at Ishiagu and Umuoghara and pH of control in the three years of studied. Lead, cadmium and iron recorded values in sites within 0 – 50 m which were higher than that of control and the recommended standards whereas zinc observed in Ishiagu in 2018, 2019, 2019 were above standard and control. Zinc observed in Umuoghara and Ngbo were within standard but some values are either higher or lower than control. Based on the results water bodies in quarry sites should be subjected to treatment processes before domestic use to avoid ailments associated with water polluted with quarry activities.
Thymoquinone Improved Nonylphenol-Induced Memory Deficit and Neurotoxicity Through its Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Effects
Authors: Lotfi Mandana , Kazemi Sohrab , Ebrahimpour Anahita , Pourabdolhossein Fereshteh , Satarian Leila , Eghbali Atiyeh , Moghadamnia Ali Akbar 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Nonylphenol (NP), a well-known endocrine-disrupter chemical, has several harmful effects on the central nervous system including neuroendocrine disruption, cognitive impairment, and neurotoxicity. Thymoquinone (TQ) is a main bioactive compound in the black seeds of Nigella sativa that has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. Here, we investigated the neuroprotective effect of TQ against NP-induced memory deficit and neurotoxicity in rats. To induce memory impairment, NP (25 mg/kg) was used as gavage in male Wistar rats for 21 days. TQ (2.5, 5 and 10mg/kg) was intraperitoneally administered in NP-treated animals. The morris water maze test was performed to assess spatial learning and memory. The hippocampal tissues were isolated from the brain for histopathological evaluation. Biochemical, molecular and cellular tests were performed to quantify oxidant (malondialdehyde; MDA)/antioxidant (superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and reduced glutathione (GSH) parameters as well as markers for astrocytic activation (glial fibrillary acidic protein; GFAP) and neuronal death (alpha-synuclein; α-syn). Results showed TQ (5 mg/kg) significantly improved NP-induced memory impairment. Histological data revealed a significant increase in the number of necrotic cells in hippocampus, and TQ treatment markedly decreased this effect. The GSH and TAC levels were significantly increased in TQ-treated groups compared to NP group. The molecular analysis indicated that NP increased GFAP and decreased α-syn expression and TQ treatment did the reverse. In vitro study in astrocytes isolated from mice brain showed that TQ significantly increased cell viability in NP-induced cytotoxicity. This study strongly indicates that TQ has neuroprotective effects on NP-induced neurotoxicity through reducing oxidative damages and neuroinflammation.
Hierarchical NiMn Double Layered/Graphene with Excellent Energy Density for Highly Capacitive Supercapacitors
Authors: Gupta Gopal Krishna , Diwedi Arpita , Sharma Anu , Shandilya Kaushik 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In the present article, highly capacitive NiMn-LDHs/GO composite of electrode material has been the synthesized for supercapacitor energy storage. Various analytical techniques (particularly X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and scanning electron microscope (SEM)) have been employed to characterize the as-synthesized NiMn-LDHs/GO. The Microscopic images obtained using HRTEM analysis clearly reveal the formation of lattice fringe pattern (lattice spacing as ~ 0.22 nm) for GO, whereas SEM images shows highly porous nature. The super-capacitive performance of the as-synthesized electrode material have been accessed through an electrochemical work station comprising of a 3-electrode system. The working electrode made up of NiMn-LDHs/GO (Active material) on Ni foil (working electrode) with the help of PVDF (binder), has shown specific capacitance of 1964 F g−1 at current density of 1 A g−1 with Galvanostatic charging/discharging (GCD) technique. It has also shown remarkable cyclic stability with a capacitance retention of 98% after 2000 cycles. The high-power density (401 W/kg) and energy density (17.78 Wh/kg) signify the high-level electrochemical supercapacitor behaviour in charge storage applications.
Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of CYP450 gene family in Cucumis sativus L.
Authors: wang hongyu , Li Pengfei , Wang Yu , Chi Chunyu , Ding Guohua 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The cytochrome P450 (CYP450) gene family plays a vital role in basic metabolism and enhances plant resistance to stress and pests. However, little information is available on the genome-wide characterization and evolutionary relationship of the CYP450 gene family in Cucumis sativus L. In the present study, a genome-wide bioinformatics analysis was performed, including gene structure, conserved motif, cis-acting promoter element, evolutionary analysis, collinearity, subcellular localization, and expression profile. The gene expression profile of CYP450 was verified using transcriptome sequencing and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. A total of 165 P450 genes were identified in the cucumber genome. These genes were classified into eight subfamilies and unevenly distributed on seven chromosomes. Subcellular localization predicted that most of P450 genes were located in chloroplasts and a few were located on the plasma membrane. CYP450 genes were differentially expressed in different tissues and in response to salicylic acid (SA) treatment. The sizes of all cucumber P450 proteins ranged from 317 to 1,056 aa, the theoretical isoelectric points ranged from 5.05 to 10.31, and the molecular weights ranged from 36,095 to 121,403 KD. This study provides a theoretical basis for further research on the biological functions of the P450 gene in cucumber plants.
Development And Validation of An Eco-Friendly and High-Throughput HPLC Method To Quantify Pyrethroid and Pyriproxyfen in Long-Lasting Insecticide-Treated Nets
Authors: Walker Kyle J. , Williams Christopher T. , Oladepo Folasade O. , Lucas John Richard , Malone David , Paine Mark J.I. , Ismail Hanafy M. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs) are essential to preventing malaria transmission. The LLINs should last for at least three years, even after repeated washings. Currently, tracking insecticides in LLINs is cumbersome, costly, and requires specialized equipment and hazardous solvents. We therefore developed a low-resource, high-throughput method for detecting insecticides in LLINs. In order to extract insecticides from polyethylene, LLIN samples were heated for 45 minutes at 85oC in 1-propanol-heptane containing dicyclohexylphthalate as an internal standard. Sample size was reduced to ~0.2 g for reduced extraction volume, which is 90% less than what was recommended. We optimized HPLC chromatographic conditions to assess pyrethroid and pyriproxyfen content in polyethylene-based LLINs. The method is capable of quantifying levels ≥ 0.0015% permethrin, 0.00045% alpha-cypermethrin and 0.00025% pyriproxyfen (w/w) in polyethylene, allowing tracking the insecticides before and after LLINs use. A variety of LLINs can be evaluated with this method, including those with 1% pyriproxyfen (pyriproxyfen-LLIN) or 2% permethrin (Olyset® Net), 1% pyriproxyfen and 2% permethrin (Olyset® Duo), or 0.55% pyriproxyfen combined with 0.55% alpha-cypermethrin (Royal Gaurd®). Analysis of 120 samples (40 nets) per run can be done with high precision and accuracy, reducing labour time and costs whilst reducing the environmental impact of organic solvents.