bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RESEARCH NOTE PREVALENCE OF BOVINE TRYPANOSOME INFECTIONS IN DAMBOA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA BORNO STATE
Authors: Ahmed M. I. , Osiyemi T. I. O. , Ardo M. B. 
Published: March 2021

African animal trypanosomiasis is a disease complex caused by pathogenic trypanosomes which are cyclically transmitted by tsetse-fly or mechanically by other biting flies to domestic animals. The disease has for long been a limiting factor to livestock production in tsetse-fly infested regions of Africa (Anosa, 1983; Trail et al., 1985; Dwinger et al., 1986). It is now assuming significance in the tsetse-free vegetational zones (Nawathe et al., 1988) probably due to transhumance and ecological upset in favour of increasing insect population and activity in the area. The study was undertaken to ascertain the prevalence of bovine trypansome infection in the area and hoped that it will provide information on the epidemiology of the disease. A total of 151 blood samples were collected from 11 sedentary herds of cattle in Damboa Local Government Area between February to April, 1992. About 3ml of blood was collected from each animal inbijou bottle containing anticoagulant (Ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid). The sex, age and breed of each animal were noted during blood collection. The blood samples were transported to the Laboratory on ice and examined using wet-film, stained thin smears, haematocrit centrifuge technique (Woo, 1969) and dark ground buffy coat. The packed cell volume was also recorded for each animal using Hawksley's haematocrit reader.
INTERACTIVE EFFECTS OF SIZE, STORAGE METHOD AND DURATION ON QUALITY AND PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TABLE EGGS
Authors: KEMBI S. O. , OSOKOMAIYA A. A. 
Published: March 2021

A total of 252 fresh table eggs sorted into standard, large and extra-large sizes were but.either refrigerated or held at room temperature and used to study their weekly weight losses (WL), specific gravity (SG), egg index (EI), yolk index (YI) and albumen height (AH) over a six week period. The results showed that among room-stored eggs there were declines (P<0.01) AH, YI, SG and El but an increase in WL with increased egg size. Similar trends in response to long storage were observed except that EI not affected (P>0.05). The depressive influences of long storage and larger sizes on egg quality observed in the room stored eggs diminished with refrigeration. The general patterns of quality deterioration show that, irrespective of egg size, six-week refrigerated eggs had better quality indices than one-week room-stored eggs. There was no significant (P>0.05) influence of egg size on quality changes during storage Based on the result it was included that in the absence of refrigeration and when eggs are sold in assorted sizes, table eggs should be consumed within 2 weeks of lay and larger eggs should be used first.
EFFECT OF COWPEA SEED PROCESSING ON INTESTINAL MICROFLORAL POPULATION OF RATS
Authors: OKE D. B. , TEWE O. O. , FETUGA B. L. 
Published: March 2021

Five cowpea varieties were subjected to autoclaving, cooking, germination and soaking. Soaked samples gave the highest intestinal microfloral population with autoclaved and cooked cowpea seeds having intermediate microbial count values aithough cooking was more effective than autoclaving in reducing microbial population. Germinated samples gave very little microbial population. Intestinal microfloral population was positively correlated (r=0.85; P<0.001) to oligosaccharide concentrations, in the raw cowpea varieties, good nuniber of the antinutritional factors worked complementarily depending on the processing method with the oligosaccharides and thus hai significant effects in promoting microhial growth. Varietal and processing methoris greatly influenced microbial population (P<0.001).
EFFECTS OF UREA - AMMONIATION AND COTTON SEED CAKE SUPPLEMENTATION ON THE UTILIZATION OF SORGHUM STOVER BY SHEEP
Authors: ADAMU A. M. , ADU I. F. , OLORUNJU S. A .S. , ALAWA C. B. I. , LAMIDI O. S. 
Published: March 2021

The effects cotton seed cake (CSC) supplementation and urea-ammoniation on utilization of sorghum stover by Yankasa sheep was studied. Chopped sorghum stover was ensiled with fertilizer grade urea at 4% urea (w/w), the urea being dissolved in water to reconstitute the silage to 50% DM. The experiment was a 2x3 factorial design of unammoniated and ammoniated sorghum stover and three levels of CSC supplementation (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% of the sheep body weight). The growth trial was conducted with 24 yearling sheep, averaging 18.2 kg liveweight and lasted for 60 days. Intake of sorghum stover by sheep was Improved (P<0.05) by urea-ammoniation, not significant (P>0.05). Increasing the level of supplementation with CSC improved (P>0.05) stover intake by sheep fed the ammoniation of unammonlated stover, but resulted in decreased (P>0.05) intake of ammonlated by sheep. Sheep liveweight gains were improved by ammoniation and supplementation (P<0.01). The interaction between urea-ammoniation of stover and supplementation resulted in better (P<0.05) live weight going in sheep. Twelve Yankasa ruang averaging 16.9 kg liveweight were Ammoniation and supplementation did not affect DM, NDF and ADF digestibilities (P>.05), but resulted in increase (P<0.05) in cellulose and hemicellulose digestion. Ammoniation and supplementation resulted in N-balance of the sheep. Ammoniation resulted in marked Increases (P <0.01) in rumen ammonia concentrations, but increasing 50% DM. The material was epsiled above the level of supplementation did not appreciably(P<0.05) silled rumen ammonia concentrate
A Better Approach To The Estimation Of Testicular Size In Live Boars
Authors: Egbunike G. N. , Steinbach J. 
Published: March 2021

A MODIFIED approach in testicular biometry in boars is described. Twelve mature Large White pigs were used for this study. Half the major axis of the testis (a) and the square of half the minor axis [b2] were highly significantly correlated with both testicular weight and testicular volume. The multiple correlations between a and b2 and the testis weight and testis volume were respectively 0.94 and 0.96 and equally highly significant.
The testicular weights and volumes calculated with the multiple regression equations obtained in this study accounted for 99% and 97% of the actual values respectively.
Effects of Age and Sex on Liveweight and Body Composition of the West African Dwarf Sheep
Authors: Adeleye I. O. A. , Oguntona E. 
Published: March 2021

SIXTEEN animals selected from the sheep flock of the University were divided into four age-groups [4, 30, 150-180 and 360-420 days) with each group consisting of two males and two females. They were weighed just before slaughter to obtain their live-weights. Weights of drainable blood, head, hot carcass, trotters, intestinal and stomach contents, liver, kidney, heart, spleen and lungs were recorded and expressed as percentage of the ingesta-free body or empty body weight [E.B.W.].
All body components measured increased in weight with increasing age, but when expressed as percentage of the E.B.W., showed a progressive decrease with advancing age, except the stomach and intestinal contents. The percent moisture content of the visceral organs decreased with advancing age while the percent crude protein and ether extracts increased with age.
Sex effects on live-weight and weights of some body components were not apparent at the early age-groups. At maturity however, the males generally had higher values for the various body components. Similarly, the chemical composition of the visceral organs showed very little sex differ ences before maturity; after this stage the males consistently had higher moisture and crude protein values and lower either extracts values than the females.
Estrategias discursivas de las instituciones públicas en la web: nuevas formas de comunicar las políticas públicas
Authors: Martínez Romagosa Maite , Zukerfeld Gilda Lucía 
Published: March 2021

Este trabajo se enmarca en un proyecto UBACyT que se propone estudiar las transformaciones en los sistemas semióticos de las prácticas políticas en la Argentina pos 2001.Creemos que el uso de nuevas plataformas para la distribución de información y la interacción entre las instituciones públicas y los ciudadanos ha dado lugar a modificaciones que afectan tanto al funcionamiento de las mismas instituciones como a la constitución de la ciudadanía. Si bien estos cambios han sido estudiados desde otras ciencias sociales, no se ha focalizado en los cambios en el uso lingüístico desde una perspectiva discursiva. En particular, en este trabajo nos interesa indagar en las prácticas comunicacionales de las instituciones gubernamentales, que llamaremos, con algunos autores (Agar, 1985; Iedema, 1998; Wodak, 1997), discurso institucional.Sostenemos que el Análisis del Discurso nos permite acceder a los contenidos de las representaciones sociales (Raiter, 2016) y observar los cambios discursivos y la lucha por la acentuación de los signos (Voloshinov, 2009). Nos interesa en particular estudiar cómo los cambios en los textos y en las prácticas discursivas pueden anticipar cambios en la clasificación de sectores de la sociedad y en las prácticas sociales (Fairclough, 1992).Nuestro corpus de análisis está conformado por las páginas de inicio de dos sitios web que dependen del Gobierno de la Nación Argentina y del Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, respectivamente, en los que se presentan lineamientos de políticas públicas que llaman a la “participación” de la ciudadanía mediante plataformas digitales
FINANCIAL LITERACY OF MICRO, SMALL, AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES OF CONSUMPTION SECTOR IN PROBOLINGGO CITY
Authors: Utami Elok Sri , Aprilia Mega Rizky , Putra Ihrom Caesar Ananta 
Published: March 2021

This study aims to describe financial literacy, use of technology and financial behavior with the performance of MSMEs Consumption Sector in Probolinggo City, with 51 MSMEs that have been operating 3 years to become a research sample. Data obtained from questionnaire were used combination of dichotomus and Likert scale to know level of financial literacy among SMEs owner in Probolinggo City, use of technology and financial behavior. The result of this study indicate that a medium level of financial literacy among SMEs owner in Probolinggo City. The MSME owners have not used technology maximally to help business activities. The MSME owners have shown responsibility of financial behavior so it can improve the performance of MSMEs.
Systematic Review of Outcomes and Patient Experience With Virtual Care in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Han Lily , Hazlewood Glen S. , Barnabe Cheryl , Barber Claire E. H. 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveTo conduct a systematic review on patient outcomes of virtual care compared to conventional care in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), including disease activity and patient experience.MethodsA systematic search of Medline, Embase, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials was performed from database inception to March 19, 2020. Observational and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) describing the use of RA virtual care supplanting conventional visits and reporting on disease activity and/or patient experience were included. A narrative synthesis of results was conducted, as a meta‐analysis was not possible due to heterogeneity of study designs and outcome reporting.ResultsA total of 352 studies were identified, and 6 were selected for final inclusion: 3 RCTs and 3 observational studies. Disease activity and patient experience were comparable between virtual and conventional care models. In addition, 1 RCT found no difference in observed outcomes between virtual care delivered by a rheumatologist and by a rheumatology nurse. Virtual care was found to have additional benefits for improved treatment adherence, maintenance of functional status, and quality of life. The overall risk of bias was low in 2 of 3 RCTs, but high in the observational studies. Study quality was limited by incomplete data reporting, lack of sample size justification, and sufficient timeframe to assess objectives.ConclusionLimited evidence exists that virtual RA care is an acceptable alternative to conventional care, maintaining comparable patient outcomes and experience of care. Additional research into effective implementation strategies and long‐term health system and patient outcomes of virtual care are needed.
Stable and Bright Pyridine Manganese Halides for Efficient White Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Hu Guangcai , Xu Bin , Wang Aifei , Guo Yan , Wu Jiajing , Muhammad Faheem , Meng Wen , Wang Chuying , Sui Shiqi , Liu Yao , Li Yacong , Zhang Ye , Zhou Yugang , Deng Zhengtao 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHighly efficient lead halide perovskites with tunable emission performance have become new candidate materials for light‐emitting devices and displays; however, the toxicity of lead and instability of halide perovskites greatly limits their application. Herein, rapid and large‐scale synthesis of highly emissive organic–inorganic manganese halide perovskites, (C5H6N)2MnBr4 and C5H6NMnCl3, are presented by a one‐pot solution‐based method, of which (C5H6N)2MnBr4 displays a high absolute photoluminescence quantum yield (95%) in the solid‐state. The developed (C5H6N)2MnBr4 perovskite noticeably exhibits high stability. Therefore both as‐synthesized green and red emissive manganese‐based phosphors with superior optical properties are used to fabricate blue light pumped white light‐emitting diodes (WLEDs), displaying excellent quality white light with a high color rendering index value of 91 and a correlated color temperature of 5331 K. This study not only presents the robust large‐scale production synthetic approach for organic–inorganic manganese halide perovskites, but also facilitates the development of high‐performance phosphors for future lighting and display technologies.
From Snapshots to Development: Identifying the Gaps in the Development of Stem Cell‐based Embryo Models along the Embryonic Timeline
Authors: Shankar Vinidhra , van Blitterswijk Clemens , Vrij Erik , Giselbrecht Stefan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn recent years, stem cell‐based models that reconstruct mouse and human embryogenesis have gained significant traction due to their near‐physiological similarity to natural embryos. Embryo models can be generated in large numbers, provide accessibility to a variety of experimental tools such as genetic and chemical manipulation, and confer compatibility with automated readouts, which permits exciting experimental avenues for exploring the genetic and molecular principles of self‐organization, development, and disease. However, the current embryo models recapitulate only snapshots within the continuum of embryonic development, allowing the progression of the embryonic tissues along a specific direction. Hence, to fully exploit the potential of stem cell‐based embryo models, multiple important gaps in the developmental landscape need to be covered. These include recapitulating the lesser‐explored interactions between embryonic and extraembryonic tissues such as the yolk sac, placenta, and the umbilical cord; spatial and temporal organization of tissues; and the anterior patterning of embryonic development. Here, it is detailed how combinations of stem cells and versatile bioengineering technologies can help in addressing these gaps and thereby extend the implications of embryo models in the fields of cell biology, development, and regenerative medicine.
E‐commerce's fast‐tracking diffusion and adaptation in developing countries
Authors: Reardon Thomas , Belton Ben , Liverpool‐Tasie Lenis Saweda O. , Lu Liang , Nuthalapati Chandra S. R. , Tasie Oyinkan , Zilberman David 
Published: March 2021

AbstractE‐commerce is rapidly diffusing in developing regions of the world. Its share is still small even in modern retail, except in the frontrunner China, but it is developing quickly in Asia and Latin America and emerging in Africa. Patterns of diffusion over regions mirror the supermarket revolution but are lagged by several decades. E‐commerce firms employ strategies to “fast‐track” their spread, responding to challenges of high transaction costs, heterogeneous consumers, and persisting importance of retail small and medium enterprises. Over the past 10–15 years, e‐commerce firms in developing regions have fast‐tracked their adaptation to these challenges by bundling services as well as partnering with retail SMEs and delivery intermediaries.
Presacral neuroendocrine tumors associated with the Currarino syndrome
Authors: Scott Aaron T. , Tessmann Jonathon B. , Braun Terry , Brown Bartley , Breheny Patrick J. , Darbro Benjamin W. , Bellizzi Andrew M. , Dillon Joseph S. , O'Dorisio Thomas M. , Alderson Alice , Bennett Bonita , Bernat John A. , Metz David C. , Howe James R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCurrarino syndrome (CS) is an autosomal dominant syndrome caused by mutations in MNX1 and characterized by anorectal abnormalities, partial sacral agenesis, and presacral masses. The presacral masses are typically benign; however, malignant degeneration can occur, and presacral neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) have been reported in six cases. We report three individuals from two families affected by CS in which multiple individuals developed presacral NETs. The first family, 491, had six members with features of CS, including two siblings who presented with presacral, Grade 2 NETs, one of which had metastasized to bone and lymph nodes. A germline c.874C>T (p.Arg292Trp) mutation was found in a highly conserved region of MNX1 in three affected members who underwent sequencing. A second somatic variant/deletion in MNX1 was not detected in either patient's tumor. In the second family, 342, the proband presented with an incidentally discovered presacral NET. The proband's father had previously undergone resection of a presacral NET, and so genetic testing was performed, which did not reveal an MNX1 mutation or copy number variants. The lack of a second, somatic mutation in the tumors from family 491 argues against MNX1 acting as a tumor suppressor, and the absence of a germline MNX1 mutation in family 342 suggests that other genetic and anatomic factors contribute to the development of presacral NETs. These cases highlight the variable presentation of CS, and the potential for malignancy in these patients.
Fermented food consumption in wild nonhuman primates and its ecological drivers
Authors: Amato Katherine R. , Chaves Óscar M. , Mallott Elizabeth K. , Eppley Timothy M. , Abreu Filipa , Baden Andrea L. , Barnett Adrian A. , Bicca‐Marques Julio Cesar , Boyle Sarah A. , Campbell Christina J. , Chapman Colin A. , De la Fuente María Fernanda , Fan Pengfei , Fashing Peter J. , Felton Annika , Fruth Barbara , Fortes Vanessa B. , Grueter Cyril C. , Hohmann Gottfried , Irwin Mitchell , Matthews Jaya K. , Mekonnen Addisu , Melin Amanda D. , Morgan David B. , Ostner Julia , Nguyen Nga , Piel Alex K. , Pinacho‐Guendulain Braulio , Quintino‐Arêdes Erika Patricia , Razanaparany Patrick Tojotanjona , Schiel Nicola , Sanz Crickette M. , Schülke Oliver , Shanee Sam , Souto Antonio , Souza‐Alves João Pedro , Stewart Fiona , Stewart Kathrine M. , Stone Anita , Sun Binghua , Tecot Stacey , Valenta Kim , Vogel Erin R. , Wich Serge , Zeng Yan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesAlthough fermented food use is ubiquitous in humans, the ecological and evolutionary factors contributing to its emergence are unclear. Here we investigated the ecological contexts surrounding the consumption of fruits in the late stages of fermentation by wild primates to provide insight into its adaptive function. We hypothesized that climate, socioecological traits, and habitat patch size would influence the occurrence of this behavior due to effects on the environmental prevalence of late‐stage fermented foods, the ability of primates to detect them, and potential nutritional benefits.Materials and methodsWe compiled data from field studies lasting at least 9 months to describe the contexts in which primates were observed consuming fruits in the late stages of fermentation. Using generalized linear mixed‐effects models, we assessed the effects of 18 predictor variables on the occurrence of fermented food use in primates.ResultsLate‐stage fermented foods were consumed by a wide taxonomic breadth of primates. However, they generally made up 0.01%–3% of the annual diet and were limited to a subset of fruit species, many of which are reported to have mechanical and chemical defenses against herbivores when not fermented. Additionally, late‐stage fermented food consumption was best predicted by climate and habitat patch size. It was more likely to occur in larger habitat patches with lower annual mean rainfall and higher annual mean maximum temperatures.DiscussionWe posit that primates capitalize on the natural fermentation of some fruits as part of a nutritional strategy to maximize periods of fruit exploitation and/or access a wider range of plant species. We speculate that these factors contributed to the evolutionary emergence of the human propensity for fermented foods.
Improving Bioavailability of Hydrophobic Prodrugs through Supramolecular Nanocarriers Based on Recombinant Proteins for Osteosarcoma Treatment
Authors: Wang Shidong , Li Bo , Zhang Hongliang , Chen Jiayin , Sun Xin , Xu Jie , Ren Tingting , Zhang Yuanyuan , Ma Chao , Guo Wei , Liu Kai 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSupramolecular nanodrug assembly driven by supramolecular chemistry is becoming a powerful strategy for medication. The potential of engineered proteins as building blocks for nanoformulations is rarely investigated. Here, we developed a new generation of recombinant protein‐based nanodrug carriers, which is very efficient for loading and delivering the hydrophobic prodrug aldoxorubicin. Significantly enhanced anti‐tumor effects in osteosarcoma (OS) models were observed. The half‐life of the nanodrug reached almost two days and the corresponding bioavailability increased by 17‐fold. This is significantly superior to other drug counterparts, empowering long‐acting OS treatment scenarios. Importantly, off‐target side effects of the prodrug, including cardiotoxicity and lung‐metastasis, were greatly mitigated with our medication. Thus, our assembly strategy enables the customized design of advanced nanodelivery systems employing broader biomaterial building blocks for cancer therapy.