bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative effectiveness of dimethyl fumarate in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Bosco‐Lévy Pauline , Debouverie Marc , Brochet Bruno , Guillemin Francis , Louapre Céline , Maillart Elisabeth , Heinzlef Olivier , Lignot Séverine , Diez Pauline , Abouelfath Abdelilah , Lassalle Régis , Blin Patrick , Droz‐Perroteau Cécile 
Published: September 2021

AimsTo assess the effectiveness of dimethyl fumarate (DMF) on annual rate of relapse subject to treatment (ARRt) and disability progression in multiple sclerosis (MS) compared to injectable immunomodulators (IMM), teriflunomide (TERI) and fingolimob (FTY), in real‐life setting.MethodsA population‐based cohort study was conducted using data of the French nationwide claims database, SNDS. All patients initiating IMM, TERI, FTY or DMF between 1 July 2015 and 12 December 2017, with 4.5 years of database history and 1–3.5 years of follow‐up were included in this study. DMF patients were 1:1 matched to IMM, TERI or FTY using a high dimensional propensity score. Negative binomial regression and a logistic regression model were used to estimate the relative risk (RR ± [95% CI]) of ARRt and the odds ratio (OR ± [95% CI]) of disability progression, respectively.ResultsOverall, 9304 subjects were identified: 29.0% initiated DMF, 33.2% TERI, 5.6% FTY and 32.2% an IMM. The matched cohorts consisted of 1779 DMF‐IMM patients, 1679 DMF‐TERI patients, and 376 DMF‐FTY patients. DMF significantly reduced ARRt compared to IMM (RR 0.72 [0.61–0.86]) and TERI (0.81 [0.68–0.96]) and did not show any significant difference when compared with FTY. The risk of the progression of MS‐specific disability was not significantly different for any matched cohorts.ConclusionDMF is associated with lower risk of treated relapse for patients with RRMS than other first‐line RRMS agents (TERI and IIM).
Sex differences in the effect of chronic delivery of the buprenorphine analogue BU08028 on heroin relapse and choice in a rat model of opioid maintenance
Authors: Bossert Jennifer M. , Townsend E. Andrew , Altidor Lindsay K‐P , Fredriksson Ida , Shekara Aniruddha , Husbands Stephen , Sulima Agnieszka , Rice Kenner C. , Banks Matthew L. , Shaham Yavin 
Published: September 2021

Background and PurposeMaintenance treatment with opioid agonists (buprenorphine, methadone) decreases opioid use and relapse. We recently modelled maintenance treatment in rats and found that chronic delivery of buprenorphine or the μ opioid receptor partial agonist TRV130 decreased relapse to oxycodone seeking and taking. Here, we tested the buprenorphine analogue BU08028 on different heroin relapse‐related measures and heroin versus food choice.Experimental ApproachFor relapse assessment, we trained male and female rats to self‐administer heroin (6 h·day−1, 14 days) in Context A and then implanted osmotic minipumps containing BU08028 (0, 0.03 or 0.1 mg·kg−1·d−1). Effects of chronic BU08028 delivery were tested on (1) incubation of heroin‐seeking in a non‐drug Context B, (2) extinction responding reinforced by heroin‐associated discrete cues in Context B, (3) reinstatement of heroin‐seeking induced by re‐exposure to Context A and (4) re‐acquisition of heroin self‐administration in Context A. For choice assessment, we tested the effect of chronic BU08028 delivery on heroin versus food choice.Key ResultsChronic BU08028 delivery decreased incubation of heroin seeking. Unexpectedly, BU08028 increased re‐acquisition of heroin self‐administration selectively in females. Chronic BU08028 had minimal effects on context‐induced reinstatement and heroin versus food choice in both sexes. Finally, exploratory post hoc analyses suggest that BU08028 decreased extinction responding selectively in males.Conclusions and ImplicationsChronic BU08028 delivery had both beneficial and detrimental, sex‐dependent, effects on different triggers of heroin relapse and minimal effects on heroin choice in both sexes. Results suggest that BU08028 would not be an effective opioid maintenance treatment in humans.
Maternal resources for care are associated with child growth and early childhood development in Bangladesh and Vietnam
Authors: Basnet Sulochana , Frongillo Edward A. , Nguyen Phuong Hong , Moore Spencer , Arabi Mandana 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundSuboptimal child growth and development are significant problems in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Maternal resources for care may help to improve growth and development. This study examined the association of maternal resources for care on child length, motor development and language development of children 12–23.9 months old.MethodsWe used baseline data from the Alive & Thrive household surveys collected in Bangladesh (n = 803) and Vietnam (n = 635). Resources for care were represented by maternal education, knowledge, height, well‐nourishment, mental well‐being, decision‐making, employment, support in chores and perceived support. The regression analyses were adjusted for household wealth and other covariates on households, children and parents and accounted for geographical clustering.ResultsMaternal height (Bangladesh β = 0.150 p < 0.001, Vietnam β = 0.156 p < 0.001), well‐nourishment (Vietnam β = 0.882 p = 0.007) and mental well‐being (Bangladesh β = 0.0649 p = 0.008, Vietnam β = 0.0742 p = 0.039) were associated with child length. Well‐nourishment (Vietnam β = 0.670 p = 0.042) and support in chores (Bangladesh β = 0.0983 p = 0.021) were associated with child motor development. Mental well‐being (Vietnam β = 0.0735 p = 0.013), decision‐making autonomy (Bangladesh β = 0.0886 p = 0.029) and perceived support (Vietnam β = 0.445 p = 0.003) were associated with child language development.ConclusionMaternal height, well‐nourishment, mental well‐being, decision‐making, support in chores and perceived social support were associated with child outcomes. Interventions that help to improve resources among mothers have potential to foster child growth and development.
Clinical and CT findings of adenovirus pneumonia in immunocompetent adults
Authors: Zhang Peiyao , Liu Min , Zhang Ling , Guo Xiaojuan , Lu Binghuai , Wang Yimin , Zhan Qingyuan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionAdenovirus pneumonia is not uncommon in children and immunocompromised patients. However, the study of the clinical and computed tomography (CT) characteristics of Adenovirus pneumonia in immunocompetent adults is still limited.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to retrospectively observe the clinical and CT characteristics as well as their dynamic change of Adenovirus pneumonia in immunocompetent adults.MethodsTwenty patients (18 males, median age, 36 years old) with Adenovirus pneumonia were retrospectively included from January 2018 to December 2019. Clinical information and chest CT at admission of all patients were reviewed. Twelve patients underwent serial CT scans, and the temporal changes of CT findings were summarized. Pneumonia severity index (PSI) was calculated according to clinical information.ResultsThe median time interval from illness onset to admission was 6 days (interquartile range [IQR], 5–7.5 days). The clinical characteristics included the high fever (39.2 ± 0.8°C) with the normal white blood cell count, the decreased lymphocyte, and elevated C‐reactive protein. Ten cases complicated with mycoplasma infection at admission. Thirteen patients were mechanically ventilated, and two patients died during hospitalization. Consolidation was a predominant pattern found during the first 2 weeks and then resolved to minimal consolidation after the fourth week. There was no significant correlation between CT score and PSI score (r = 0.15, p = 0.41).ConclusionsPredominant radiological finding of Adenovirus pneumonia was consolidation. Multilobular involvement, higher CT scores, and pleural effusion were found in more severe patients. The abnormal opacity peaked in 2 weeks of illness onset and gradually resolved after the third week. The temporal changes of radiological score are consistent with clinical findings.
Cooperative intentions and their implications on reciprocal cooperation in Norway rats
Authors: Schweinfurth Manon K. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOne way to cooperate with others and avoid exploitation is reciprocal cooperation. Reciprocity is the selective helping of those who were cooperative before, which is commonly based on outcomes. Yet, outcomes may not reflect intentions, that is if an individual is unable but willing to help. Humans, including children, show such intention‐based reciprocity. However, it is unclear whether other animals consider intentions in reciprocal settings. Here, I tested whether Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) reciprocate help based on intentions by manipulating the outcome while keeping the partner's cooperative intentions the same. Subjects experienced a partner that was able to help by providing food via a movable platform. In another condition, the same partner was unable to help because the platform was blocked. When the roles were exchanged afterwards, subjects provided food more often to “able” than “unable” partners, even though the latter attempted to help. I compared these findings to data using “willing” and “unwilling” partners that were able to help. Again, rats based their cooperative behaviour on outcomes rather than the intention to help. This suggests that rats reciprocate primarily based on outcomes and seem to not consider cooperative intentions. Although subjects provided consistently less food to partners that did not help, they provided them with some help. Potentially, rats use a cognitively less demanding strategy by helping defectors a bit to maintain cooperation. Thereby, cooperation might be resistant to situations in which an apparent defector was actually unable to help, but had cooperative intentions and might be a good cooperation partner in the future.
Co‐option and the evolution of food sharing in vampire bats
Authors: Carter Gerald G. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe function of cooperative traits can change over time. For example, helping behaviors that originally evolved by kin selection can later yield direct fitness benefits and be stabilized by partner choice. In such cases, there may be multiple interacting factors that drive cooperation. Here, I review evidence that food sharing in vampire bats evolved as form of extended maternal care that was co‐opted to yield reciprocal benefits, and that such reciprocal relationships may have led to investment strategies that balance the trade‐offs between greater quality and quantity of cooperative relationships.
Experience of social density during early life is associated with attraction to conspecific odour in the common vole (Microtus arvalis)
Authors: Schneeberger Karin , Eccard Jana A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSocial organisation in species with fluctuating population sizes can change with density. Therefore, information on (future) density obtained during early life stages may be associated with social behaviour. Olfactory cues may carry important social information. We investigated whether early life experience of different experimental densities was subsequently associated with differences in attraction to adult conspecific odours. We used common voles (Microtus arvalis), a rodent species undergoing extreme density fluctuations. We found that individuals originating from high experimental density populations kept in large outdoor enclosures invested more time in inspecting conspecific olfactory cues than individuals from low‐density populations. Generally, voles from both treatments spent more time with the olfactory cues than expected by chance and did not differ in their latency to approach the odour samples. Our findings indicate either that early experience affects odour sensitivity or that animals evaluate the social information contained in conspecific odours differently, depending on their early life experience of conspecific density.
From relationship orientation to task orientation: On the digitalization of clinical leaders
Authors: Pettersen Inger Johanne , Solstad Elsa 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper studies how clinical leaders perceive their leadership tasks in the context of virtual interactions. We ask whether distant leadership involves a shift from relationship orientation to more task‐ and control‐oriented leaders in hospital settings. We explore two cases involving 10 clinical leaders in a university hospital in Norway. The study indicates that the leaders were aware that lack of direct communication hampers relationship‐oriented leadership, which weakens efforts to develop a common identity in the clinics. The absence of direct communication reduces opportunities for relationship‐oriented leadership, which may hamper the development of social and self‐controls in professional organizations. However, clinical leaders are dependent on professionals’ social and self‐controls to perform at high levels. Large distances reduce leaders’ ability to build personal relations with their staff. On the other hand, professionals in healthcare are highly educated, and thus they are to a large degree self‐governed. The possible effects of distant leadership may consequently not be that harmful in clinical settings.
Indigenous institutions and their role in socioeconomic affairs management: Evidence from indigenous institutions of the Awi people in Ethiopia
Authors: Genet Abraham 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIndigenous institutions, local‐level organisations based on societal values, are receiving a positive appreciation for their acceptability and sustainability. The purpose of this research is to demonstrate the roles of indigenous institutions in the social and economic lives of people, presenting evidence from the three indigenous institutions of the Awi people in Ethiopia, namely: the “Awi Equestrian Association”, “Head of Cow”, and “Head of Water”. The research is based on an ethnographic approach and qualitative design. Informants were chosen by purposive sampling. Data were collected mainly through interviewing, complemented by focus group discussion, observation, and review of relevant literature, which were thematically analysed together with the primary data. The findings of the study reveal that the Awi Equestrian Association works on charity, social welfare, reconciliation, festivity, and recreation, whereas Head of Cow and Head of Water institutions are engaged in the efficient and equitable management of cattle and irrigation water resources, respectively, plus managing conflicts between people in their respective sectors. Conflict resolution and justice maintenance was found to be the common feature of all the three indigenous institutions. The research concludes that the three indigenous institutions of the Awi have remarkable roles in terms of social support, conflict resolution, resource management, and reinforcing social cohesion.
Volume‐based ranking method for a ranked voting system
Authors: Kim Jong Hyen , Ahn Byeong Seok 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn a ranked voting system, candidates receive different votes in different ranking places. Many aggregation methods have been proposed to determine the ranking of the candidates competing for a limited number of positions. The most popular one is the weighted sum of votes that each candidate receives. The data envelopment analysis‐based models also aggregate the submitted ranked votes into the final ranking of candidates by using the most favorable weights for each candidate. Most of such models, however, attempt to solve the problem with the discriminating factors (i.e., gaps between successive ranks) given specifically by zero or more restrictive constraints. This study presents a new ranking method for a ranked voting system that explicitly considers the unknown discriminating factors as they are. Specifically, we solve a dual of a dominance problem for a pair of candidates to effectively manage the unknown discriminating factors and then compute the volume of a set of the discriminating factors in favor of a candidate over another. A decision rule indicates that a candidate in a pair of candidates is preferred to another if the pair of candidates results in a larger volume than the reversed pair of candidates in that more discriminating factors necessarily yield a larger volume and thus more evidence in favor of a candidate over another exists. Therefore, the volume‐based ranking method can be used to obtain the rank order of candidates in situations where any prior information on the discriminating factors is unavailable as is generally observed in real decision‐making contexts.
Network meta‐analyses in psoriasis: overview and critical discussion
Authors: Augustin M. , Valencia López M. , Reich K. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNetwork meta‐analyses (NMAs) increasingly assist in treatment decisions in disease areas such as psoriasis, where data from multiple clinical trials (CTs) on a growing number of different drugs become available. This study aimed to characterize NMAs published in psoriasis. A systematic literature search in PubMed was conducted using a structured search protocol based on the PRISMA criteria. Twenty‐seven NMAs were identified, including an average of 43 CTs per NMA. Only eight of 27 NMAs (29.6%) were documented in the PROSPERO registry and only 17 (63%) reported following the PRISMA criteria. The mean number of patients per NMA was 19 624 (range: 6113–51 749). Across all NMAs, the drugs most frequently included were ustekinumab (n = 27 NMAs), followed by adalimumab (n = 25), infliximab and etanercept (n = 24 each). In all n = 27 NMAs, placebo comparisons and in n = 25, comparisons with active controls were used for bridging. Effect estimates were performed in all cases, SUCRA in 14. Most frequently used outcomes were Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) 75 (n = 25) and PASI 90 (n = 24), and Dermatology Life Quality Index (n = 10). NMAs mostly measured induction efficacy (weeks 10–16, n = 25) but rarely long‐term outcomes (weeks 48–56, n = 4). Sensitivity analyses were performed in n = 17 (63%) of the studies. Main results varied considerably between studies and depended on the year of publication and thus the number of available drugs and studies. However, the concordance between NMA efficacy rankings based on PASI 75 was high. Although a large number of NMAs have been published on psoriasis showing highly comparable results on efficacy, no sufficient information on the quality criteria was reported, and PROSPERO registry criteria were not followed. This argues in favour of greater standardization of NMA methodology and reporting.
Effect of mifepristone and lithospermum combination regimen on medical abortion in early pregnancy rats
Authors: Yu Qiong , Hu Shihong , Hu Shifu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the optimal dose of mifepristone and lithospermum combination regimen on medical abortion in early pregnancy rats without increasing side effects.Study DesignSixty sexually mature female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats with early pregnancy were randomly allocated into 10 groups, including a control group (treated with 0.5% CMC‐Na) and nine experiments (treated with 1 mg/kg mifepristone, and 90, 180, 270, and 540 mg/kg lithospermum, and 90/180/270/540 mg/kg lithospermum +1 mg/kg mifepristone, respectively). The hormone levels, factors associated with endometrial bleeding, oxidative stress, and apoptotic proteins in the endometrium, were then investigated.ResultsThe results demonstrated that 540 mg/kg lithospermum plus 1 mg/kg mifepristone treatment significantly improved the abortion rate when compared with the control group. Compared with the 1 mg/kg mifepristone, 540 mg/kg lithospermum plus 1 mg/kg mifepristone treatment did not induce significant increase in factors associated with abnormal endometrial bleeding, such as matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP9). However, mifepristone and lithospermum combination regimen promoted the expression level of malondialdehyde (MDA), activated caspase 3, caspase 9 and Bax, meanwhile, reduced the expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Bcl‐2.ConclusionThese findings provided strong evidence that mifepristone and lithospermum combination regimen can obtain satisfactory abortion effect without increasing the expression level of bleeding‐related factors.
Exercise‐induced airflow changes in horses with asthma measured by electrical impedance tomography
Authors: Herteman Nicolas , Mosing Martina , Waldmann Andreas D. , Gerber Vinzenz , Schoster Angelika 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundEquine asthma (EA) causes airflow impairment, which increases in severity with exercise. Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is an imaging technique that can detect airflow changes in standing healthy horses during a histamine provocation test.ObjectivesTo explore EIT‐calculated flow variables before and after exercise in healthy horses and horses with mild‐to‐moderate (MEA) and severe equine asthma (SEA).AnimalsNine healthy horses 9 horses diagnosed with MEA and 5 with SEA were prospectively included.MethodsRecordings were performed before and after 15 minutes of lunging. Absolute values from global and regional peak inspiratory (PIF, positive value) and expiratory (PEF, negative value) flows were calculated. Data were analyzed using a mixed model analysis followed by Bonferroni's multiple comparisons test to evaluate the impact of exercise and diagnosis on flow indices.ResultsControl horses after exercise had significantly lower global PEF and PIF compared to horses with SEA (mean difference [95% confidence interval, CI]: 0.0859 arbitrary units [AU; 0.0339‐0.1379], P < .001 and 0.0726 AU [0.0264‐0.1188], P = .001, respectively) and horses with MEA (0.0561 AU [0.0129‐0.0994], P = .007 and 0.0587 AU [0.0202‐0.0973], P = .002, respectively). No other significant differences were detected.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceElectrical impedance tomography derived PIF and PEF differed significantly between healthy horses and horses with SEA or MEA after exercise, but not before exercise. Differences between MEA and SEA were not observed, but the study population was small.
Deciphering the fingerprint of disturbance on the three‐dimensional structure of the world’s forests
Authors: Jucker Tommaso 
Published: September 2021

SummaryCanopy gaps and the processes that generate them play an integral role in shaping the structure and dynamics of forests. However, it is only with recent advances in remote sensing technologies such as airborne laser scanning that studying canopy gaps at scale has become a reality. Consequently, we still lack an understanding of how the size distribution and spatial organization of canopy gaps varies among forests ecosystems, nor have we determined whether these emergent properties can be reconciled with existing theories of forest dynamics. Here, I outline a roadmap for integrating remote sensing with field data and individual‐based models to build a comprehensive picture of how environmental constraints and disturbance regimes shape the three‐dimensional structure of the world’s forests.