bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Capacity of adherence, invasion and intracellular survival of Streptococcus uberis biofilm-forming strains
Authors: Moliva Melina V. , Campra Noelia , Ibañez Mercedes , Cristofolini Andrea L. , Merkis Cecilia I. , Reinoso Elina B. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Aim
Nine Streptococcus uberis strains with different biofilm-forming profiles in relation to their capacity of adherence and invasion to MAC-T cell lines were examined. Additionally, virulence genes were also linked to adherence and invasion.

Methods and Results
All S. uberis were able to adhere and invade the cells at different levels. UB56 strain showed the highest percentage of internalization (3.65%) and presented a moderate level of adhesion (4.6 × 106). In contrast, UB152, the most adherent strain (8.7 × 106) showed a low capacity to internalize (0.65%). Eight strains were able to persist intracellularly over 96 h regardless of their adherence or invasion level. Statistical analysis between biofilm-forming ability and the adhesion capacity showed no significant differences. Presence of virulence genes involved in the adhesion process (gapC, hasABC, lbp, pauA and sua) showed that the strains harboured different genes and seven patterns could be observed.

Conclusion
Statistical analysis showed no correlation between the virulence gene patterns and the adhesion capacity or the percentage of internalization. Biofilm-forming ability did not influence the invasion capacity. Likewise, adherence and invasion capacity may be strain dependent.

Significance and Impact of the Study
Findings from this study provide new insights on biofilm and invasion capacity of S. uberis strains. Results could help to design adequate control strategies.
What time do you plan to sleep tonight? An intense longitudinal study of adolescent daily sleep self‐regulation via planning and its associations with sleep opportunity
Authors: Maskevich Svetlana , Shen Lin , Drummond Sean P. A. , Bei Bei 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundMost adolescents are sleep deprived on school days, yet how they self‐regulate their sleep–wake behaviours is poorly understood. Using ecological momentary assessment, this intense longitudinal study explored patterns of adolescents’ daily bedtime and risetime planning and execution, and whether these behaviours predicted sleep opportunity.MethodsEvery afternoon, for 2 school weeks and the subsequent 2 vacation weeks, 205 (54.1% female, 64.4% non‐White) adolescents from year 10 to 12 (M ± SDage = 16.9 ± 0.9) reported their plans for bedtime (BT) that evening, and for risetimes (RT) the following day. Actual daily sleep was measured via actigraphy and sleep diary.ResultsSome adolescents never planned bedtime (school 19.5%, non‐school 53.2%) or risetime (school 1.5%, non‐school 24.4%). More adolescents planned consistently (≥75% of days) on school (BT = 29.9%, RT = 61.3%) compared to non‐school nights (BT = 3.5%, RT = 2.5%). On average, adolescents went to bed later than planned, with longer delays on non‐school (71 min) compared to school nights (46 min). Of those who executed their plans within ≤15 min, more did it consistently (≥75% of days) on school (BT = 40.9%, RT = 67.7%) than on non‐school nights/days (BT = 29.7%, RT = 58.6%). Mixed effects models utilizing daily data, controlling for sex, race, and study day, showed that bedtime planning predicted longer time in bed (TIB; p < .01) on school and shorter TIB on non‐school nights (p < .01); and greater delay in actual (compared to planned) BT predicted shorter TIB (p < .001).ConclusionsAdolescents may require support during the transition from parent‐controlled to autonomous sleep self‐regulation. Bedtime planning on school nights and going to bed as planned are two modifiable sleep regulatory behaviours that are protective and potential therapeutic targets for increasing sleep opportunity in adolescents.
Coupling a land surface model with a hydrodynamic model for regional flood risk assessment due to climate change: Application to the Susquehanna River near Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
Authors: Modi Parthkumar A. , Czuba Jonathan A. , Easton Zachary M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAn increase in heavy precipitation associated with climate change has exacerbated flooding in the Eastern U.S. To assess regional flood risk with changing climatic conditions, we demonstrate the application of a novel hydrologic modeling framework that integrates climate projections with a coupled Noah‐MP land surface model and a two‐dimensional HEC‐RAS hydrodynamic model. We employ this framework along a 41 km reach of the Susquehanna River near Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, where recent flood damages exceeded $2 billion (2011 Irene and Lee floods). Historical and future 30‐year and 100‐year peak‐discharge estimates were compared to assess how flood risk might be altered due to climate change. Results indicate that precipitation increases from climate change do not always lead to increases in flood risk, because interplay of hydrological components in the watershed, which are considered by Noah‐MP, largely controls flooding severity. However, climate change is expected to increase the severity of extreme events; if a 50‐year flood (the recurrence interval of Tropical Storm Lee) occurred toward the end of the 21st century in the worst‐case emission scenario, then flood volume would increase by 40% and flood extent by 15%, due to an increase in soil moisture from a wetter overall climate.
Accuracy of self‐ and proxy‐rated hearing among older adults with and without cognitive impairment
Authors: Kim Alexander S. , Betz Joshua F. , Albert Marilyn , Deal Jennifer A. , Faucette Sarah P. , Oh Esther S. , Reed Nicholas S. , Lin Frank R. , Nieman Carrie L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundHearing loss is highly prevalent among older adults with cognitive impairment and may exacerbate neuropsychiatric symptoms and affect interactions with others. Although audiometry is the gold standard for measuring hearing, it is not always used in research or clinical settings focused on the care of individuals with cognitive impairment. Subjective assessments of hearing, both self‐ and proxy‐rated, are widespread but may not adequately capture the presence of hearing loss as compared to audiometry. This study investigates the concordance between subjective and objective hearing assessments among older adults with and without cognitive impairment and evaluates factors associated with concordance.MethodsParticipants were a subset of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Neurocognitive Study (ARIC‐NCS), a prospective cohort study representing four US communities with adjudicated cognitive diagnoses and audiometric data, totaling 3326 self‐rated and 520 proxy‐rated hearing assessments. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated, and multivariable logistic regression estimated the magnitude of the association between the concordance of hearing assessments and variables of interest.ResultsSensitivity and specificity for self‐rated hearing status were 71.2% and 85.9% among cognitively normal older adults, 61.1% and 84.9% among persons with MCI, and 52.6% and 81.2% among persons with dementia, respectively. For proxy‐rated hearing, sensitivity and specificity were 65.7% and 83.3% for persons with MCI and 73.3% and 60.3% for persons with dementia, respectively. Female sex was positively associated with concordance for self‐rated hearing assessments.ConclusionsThe low sensitivity of self‐ and proxy‐rated hearing assessments compared to audiometry suggests that hearing loss among older adults with cognitive impairment may go underreported and unaddressed in subjective assessments. Clinicians and researchers should recognize the limitations of using self‐ and proxy‐rated hearing assessments as measures of hearing status and incorporate objective audiometric evaluation whenever possible.
COMFORT communication in the ICU: Pilot test of a nurse‐led communication intervention for surrogates
Authors: Chen Chiahui , Sullivan Suzanne S. , Lorenz Rebecca A. , Wittenberg Elaine , Li Chin‐Shang , Chang Yu‐Ping 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimThis study was designed to investigate the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a nurse‐led communication intervention among surrogates in the intensive care unit (ICU) guided by the COMFORT (Connect; Options; Making meaning; Family caregivers; Openings; Relating; Team) communication model.BackgroundAs frontline communicators, nurses experience communication difficulties with surrogates who face complex informational and emotional barriers when making decisions for critically ill patients in the ICU. However, research on effective nurse communication focusing on both curative and end‐of‐life (EOL) care is lacking in the literature.DesignA single‐centre two‐group pretest‐posttest quasi‐experiment.MethodThe total sample included 41 surrogates of adult ventilated patients. Twenty participants were allocated to the intervention group who received a daily 20‐min telephone call with content based on the COMFORT communication model. Twenty‐one participants comprised the control group who received usual care. Participants completed a questionnaire before and after the study measuring satisfaction, anxiety and depression, decisional conflict, and quality of communication. The Transparent Reporting of Evaluations with Nonrandomized Designs (TREND) checklist was followed for nonrandomised controlled trials.ResultThe intervention was feasible, with 19 of 20 surrogates completing the follow‐up surveys, and 48 telephone conversations completed (48% of the planned phone calls). Surrogates' satisfaction was higher in the intervention group than in the control group after adjusting for the selected covariates (25.43 and 24.15, respectively; p = .512). Preliminary efficacy outcomes favouring the intervention included quality of communication with healthcare providers, but not surrogates' perceived depression/anxiety and decisional conflicts.ConclusionImplementation of the intervention is feasible, acceptable, and favourable among surrogates to improve quality of communication with healthcare providers in the ICU. Further research is needed to determine whether the intervention could be implemented by nurses to improve surrogates' outcomes in other ICUs.
Extracellular vesicles miR‐210 as a potential biomarker for diagnosis and survival prediction of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients
Authors: Bigagli Elisabetta , Locatello Luca Giovanni , Di Stadio Arianna , Maggiore Giandomenico , Valdarnini Francesca , Bambi Franco , Gallo Oreste , Luceri Cristina 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe identification of early diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is an unmet clinical need. We hypothesized that extracellular vesicles miR‐210 expression (EV‐miR‐210) could be a potential biomarker for OSCC diagnosis and follow‐up.MethodsThe expression of EV‐miR‐210 was measured in the plasma of OSCC patients (n = 30) and compared to that of controls (n = 14).ResultsThe median EV‐miR‐210 expression was significantly higher in OSCC patients compared to controls who had often, undetectable levels (p < 0.0001). We performed receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis for discriminating OSCC cases from controls. EV‐miR‐210 yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.9513 with sensitivity 92.3% and specificity 86.6%. Kaplan‐Meier curves indicated that high EV‐miR‐210 expression was associated with worse 3 years’ survival (p < 0.05). Cox regression hazard model indicated that high EV‐miR‐210, G2, and G3 grading and pathological nodal status (pN)>1 were independent predictors of worse survival in OSCC patients.ConclusionThese preliminary data suggest that EV‐mir‐210 may be a novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in OSCC.
Public Health and Armed Conflict: Immunization in Times of Systemic Disruptions
Authors: Østby Gudrun , Shemyakina Olga , Tollefsen Andreas Forø , Urdal Henrik , Verpoorten Marijke 
Published: November 2021

AbstractArmed conflicts are a concern for human development and public health and represent a major impediment for realizing Sustainable Development Goal #3: to ensure healthy lives and promote well‐being for all at all ages. Vaccination programs can be highly politicized and subjected to major security constraints in war zones, reducing their effectiveness. This article studies how armed conflict impacts immunization rates among children, combining two large datasets. We use health data for 15 conflict‐affected countries in sub‐Saharan Africa, including multiple Demographic and Health Survey rounds for most. We exploit the fact that age‐appropriate vaccinations should take place in the child's first year of life and compare children aged one to five with varying degrees of (local) conflict exposure in their first year of life within the same countries and communities. We differentiate between the effects of local and country‐level exposure to conflict on childhood immunization rates. The regression results show that conflict has a nonmonotonic effect on vaccination rates with minor (major) conflicts being associated with higher (lower) full immunization rates. We argue that in the case of minor conflicts, local‐level health care access drives the results, whereas for major conflicts it is mainly national channels that drive the result.
Impact of airway and a standardized recruitment maneuver on CT chest imaging quality in a pediatric population: A retrospective review
Authors: Bruins Suze , Powers Neil , Sommerfield David , von Ungern‐Sternberg Britta S 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionWhen performing computerized tomography chest imaging in children, obtaining high quality, motion‐free images is important in the accurate diagnosis of underlying pathology. General anesthesia is associated with the development of atelectasis, which can impair accurate diagnosis by obscuring or altering the appearance of the lung parenchyma or airways. Recruitment maneuvers, performed by anesthesiologists, can be used to effectively re‐expand atelectatic lung.MethodsThe computerized tomography chest imaging in 44 children aged between 2 months and 7 years, undergoing serial imaging for monitoring of cystic fibrosis, were reviewed and graded for atelectasis. The first scan performed on each child was performed with a supraglottic airway device and a non‐standardized recruitment maneuver. The second scan on each child was performed with a cuffed endotracheal tube and a standardized recruitment maneuver.ResultsWhen a supraglottic airway device and a non‐standardized recruitment maneuver were used, 77% of patients demonstrated atelectasis of any degree on their computerized tomography chest imaging, compared with only 39% when a cuffed endotracheal tube and standardized recruitment maneuver were used. The percentage of computerized tomography chest scans that were scored acceptable (with either a total combined lung atelectasis score of 0 or 1) improved from 37% to 75% when a cuffed endotracheal tube and standardized recruitment maneuver were used. In particular, the mean atelectasis score for both lungs improved from 2.91 (SD ± 2.6) to 1.11 (SD ± 1.9), with a mean difference of 1.8 (95% CI 0.82–2.77; p: .0004).ConclusionThe use of a cuffed endotracheal tube and a standardized recruitment maneuver is an effective way to reduce atelectasis as a result of general anesthesia. Anesthesiologists can actively contribute toward improved image quality through their choice of airway and recruitment maneuver.
Direct Detection of the Photorearrangement Reaction of Quinoline‐Protected Dialkylanilines†
Authors: Liang Runhui , Lan Xin , Asad Naeem , Dore Timothy M. , Zhang Qidi , Du Lili , Phillips David Lee 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTThe photolysis reactions of (8‐cyano‐7‐hydroxyquinolin‐2‐yl)methyl (CyHQ)‐caged amines have been investigated using time‐resolved spectroscopy methods. Unexpectedly, an unconventional Hofmann‐Martius rearrangement reaction with high yield and regioselectivity occurred during the photolysis of some CyHQ‐protected dialkylanilines (such as compounds 1a and 2a). To have more insights into the mechanism of this unexpected photorearrangement reaction, we characterized the reaction intermediates directly using time‐resolved spectroscopy. Our new results showed that the anionic form of compound 1a was photoexcited to the singlet excited state, then a heterolytic cleavage of the C‐N bond took place to give CyHQ+ and the corresponding aniline. Thereafter, the recombined intermediate 6 was found to appear in about 19.7 and 44.3 ps for 1a (A) and 2a (A), respectively, before the generation of an ortho‐substituted aniline (1b and 2b) via the excited‐state deprotonation of 6. Thus, a logical photodynamic mechanism of this photoinduced Hofmann‐Martius rearrangement reaction was deduced. This new insight into the reaction mechanisms may be helpful for the design of novel related photoactivatable aniline molecules and for understanding other similar photorearrangement reaction mechanisms.
Metabolic reprogramming in crustaceans: A vital immune and environmental response strategy
Authors: Wang Zhongyan , Zhang Yueling , Yao Defu , Zhao Yongzhen , Tran Ngoc Tuan , Li Shengkang , Ma Hongyu , Aweya Jude Juventus 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMost host organisms undergo metabolic changes in response to pathogens, environmental cues or simply to boost their immunity. Metabolic modulation has therefore been exploited by both host and pathogens to outwit the other during host–pathogen interactions. Recent studies have revealed that a growing number of metabolites and metabolic processes in crustaceans are crucial in host–pathogen interactions. Here, we reviewed recent work on metabolic changes during immune response of crustaceans and the metabolic reprogramming that takes place in the host induced by pathogens, environmental cues or as a host strategy to withstand these changes or clear the pathogen. In aquaculture crustaceans, limited studies exist on this subject; hence, we will also highlight themes for possible future research on metabolite reprogramming and how this strategy can be leveraged to improve sustainable aquaculture and enhance crustaceans’ response to pathogens and environmental changes.
An SEIR Model with Time‐Varying Coefficients for Analyzing the SARS‐CoV‐2 Epidemic
Authors: Girardi Paolo , Gaetan Carlo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this study, we propose a time‐dependent susceptible‐exposed‐infected‐recovered (SEIR) model for the analysis of the SARS‐CoV‐2 epidemic outbreak in three different countries, the United States, Italy, and Iceland using public data inherent the numbers of the epidemic wave. Since several types and grades of actions were adopted by the governments, including travel restrictions, social distancing, or limitation of movement, we want to investigate how these measures can affect the epidemic curve of the infectious population. The parameters of interest for the SEIR model were estimated employing a composite likelihood approach. Moreover, standard errors have been corrected for temporal dependence. The adoption of restrictive measures results in flatten epidemic curves, and the future evolution indicated a decrease in the number of cases.
Digital inclusive finance and urban innovation: Evidence from China
Authors: Li Jingrong , Li Bowen 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPrevious studies are not unanimous on the effect of financial development on innovation. Digital inclusive finance is one mode of financial development, so its impact on urban innovation needs to be further tested. To develop digital inclusive finance, China implemented the Plan for Promoting the Development of Inclusive Finance (2016–2020) and the G20 High‐Level Principles on Digital Inclusive Finance in 2016. We take the implementation of the Plan and Principles as a quasi‐natural experiment and use the difference‐in‐difference model to estimate the pure effect of digital inclusive finance on urban innovation. The results show that implementing the Plan and Principles can increase the number of urban patents by 5.3%, indicating that digital inclusive finance has a positive effect on urban innovation. In addition, we find that digital inclusive finance can promote urban innovation by improving the allocation of credit resources, consumption, and industrial upgrading.
Tolerance of peritoneal and residual renal function to intraperitoneal gadolinium‐based agents: An animal experimental study of magnetic resonance peritoneography
Authors: Dong Jing , Li Wenlu , Shu Jian , Lv Cheng , Gan Linwang , Bai Jiao 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundMR (Magnetic resonance) peritoneography is sensible for continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD)‐related complications, which could offer excellent soft‐tissue contrast and allows a multiplanar imaging evaluation of complications. However, there is no study about the optimal concentration of the gadolinium‐based agents nor the side effects of gadolinium‐based agents on peritoneum and residual renal function.MethodFive different groups of uremic rats and two groups of normal rats were injected with a 40‐ml mixture of peritoneal dialysate and gadolinium‐based agents at varying concentrations prior to MR peritoneography. Thereafter, MR image obtained was evaluated by two experienced radiologists blinded to the concentrations. Peritoneal morphology and thickness of the uremic rats were also assessed using hematoxylin and eosin and Masson staining. Residual renal function was evaluated using serum creatinine levels and hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining of pathological kidney sections.Results and ConclusionThe gadolinium‐based agents used in this experiment have no significant effect on residual renal function. There is no obvious difference in the image quality at the different gadolinium‐based agents concentration. Due to the adverse effects of gadolinium‐based agents in the previous studies, we suggest reducing the dose of gadolinium‐based agents during MR peritoneography to the lowest limits.
Disentangling dyadic and reputational perceptions of prosociality, aggression, and popularity in explaining friendship networks in early adolescence
Authors: Palacios Diego , Dijkstra Jan Kornelis , Berger Christian , Huisman Mark , Veenstra René 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study examined the differential effects of two forms of adolescents’ perceptions of peers’ prosociality, aggression, and popularity, on friendship selection. Individuals’ reports of their peers’ behaviors (dyadic perceptions) and the aggregated classmates’ reports (reputational perceptions) were disentangled. The findings indicated that adolescents were more likely to befriend classmates widely perceived as prosocial (reputational perception) and were less likely to befriend classmates they perceived as aggressive (dyadic perception). For popularity, the effect of dyadic perception disappeared when including the reputational perception. The findings highlight the differences between the dyadic and reputational perceptions of peer behavior. Not only dyadic perceptions of behaviors but also reputational perceptions exert a role in befriending peers.