bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of the brain-sparing effect of growth-restricted fetuses in newborn germinal matrix/intraventricular hemorrhage
Authors: Kirlangic Mehmet Mete , Sahin Erdem , Madendag Yusuf , Vural Yalman Merve , Akdemir Esra , Eraslan Sahin Mefkure , Col Madendag Ilknur , Acmaz Gokhan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of the brain-sparing effect (BSE) of fetal growth restriction (FGR) in newborn germinal matrix/intraventricular hemorrhage (GM/IVH).

Methods
A total of 320 patients who delivered prior to the 34th gestational week were analyzed from data records. 201 patients were divided into two groups according to cerebro-placental ratio (CPR): early fetal growth restriction (FGR) with abnormal CPR group (n=104) and appropriate for gestational age with normal Doppler group (control) (n=97). Using the normal middle cerebral artery (MCA) Doppler as a reference, multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between the BSE and the primary outcome.

Results
The rate of Grade I–II germinal matrix/intraventricular hemorrhage (GM/IVH) was 31(29.8%) in the group possessing early FGR with abnormal CPR and 7(7.2%) in the control group, showing a statistically significant difference. The rate of grade III–IV GM/IVH was 7(6.7%) in the group possessing early FGR with abnormal CPR and 2 (2.1%) in the control group, showing no statistically significant difference. We found that gestational age at delivery <32 weeks was an independent risk factor for GM/IVH. In addition, we found that other variables such as the presence of preeclampsia, fetal weight percentile <10, emergency CS delivery, 48-h completion after the first steroid administration and 24-h completion rate after MgSO4 administration were not independently associated with the primary outcome.

Conclusions
Our results indicate that the rate of GM-IVH was increased in the group possessing early FGR with abnormal CPR; however, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that BSE was not an independent risk factor for GM/IVH.
Are OECD Countries in a Rule of Law Recession?
Authors: Balmori de la Miyar Jose R. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This paper examines whether there is a rule of law recession among member countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). This formal inquiry is motivated by the recent findings of a democratic recession across several countries with a long tradition of democratic values. I conduct both quantitative and qualitative analyses using the rule of law index from the World Justice Project, as well as different government and academic reports. Results show that, by and large, there is no rule of law recession among OECD member countries. Findings indicate that 12 out of the 28 OECD member countries analyzed in this paper continue to expand their level of adherence to the rule of law during the period 2014–2020. In fact, just as many OECD member countries have stable scores in their respective rule of law index. In contrast, only Turkey, Hungary, Korea, and Poland exhibit a rule of law recession.
Optical current generation in graphene: CEP control vs. ω + 2ω control
Authors: Heide Christian , Boolakee Tobias , Eckstein Timo , Hommelhoff Peter 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The injection of directional currents in solids with strong optical fields has attracted tremendous attention as a route to realize ultrafast electronics based on the quantum-mechanical nature of electrons at femto- to attosecond timescales. Such currents are usually the result of an asymmetric population distribution imprinted by the temporal symmetry of the driving field. Here we compare two experimental schemes that allow control over the amplitude and direction of light-field-driven currents excited in graphene. Both schemes rely on shaping the incident laser field with one parameter only: either the carrier-envelope phase (CEP) of a single laser pulse or the relative phase between pulses oscillating at angular frequencies ω and 2ω, both for comparable laser parameters. We observe that the efficiency in generating a current via two-color-control exceeds that of CEP control by more than two orders of magnitude (7 nA vs. 18 pA), as the ω + 2ω field exhibits significantly more asymmetry in its temporal shape. We support this finding with numerical simulations that clearly show that two-color current control in graphene is superior, even down to single-cycle pulse durations. We expect our results to be relevant to experimentally access fundamental properties of any solid at ultrafast timescales, as well as for the emerging field of petahertz electronics.
Transition to strong coupling regime in hybrid plasmonic systems: exciton-induced transparency and Fano interference
Authors: Shahbazyan Tigran V. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe present a microscopic model describing the transition to a strong coupling regime for an emitter resonantly coupled to a surface plasmon in a metal–dielectric structure. We demonstrate that the shape of scattering spectra is determined by an interplay of two distinct mechanisms. First is the near-field coupling between the emitter and the plasmon mode which underpins energy exchange between the system components and gives rise to exciton-induced transparency minimum in scattering spectra prior to the transition to a strong coupling regime. The second mechanism is the Fano interference between the plasmon dipole and the plasmon-induced emitter’s dipole as the system interacts with the radiation field. We show that the Fano interference can strongly affect the overall shape of scattering spectra, leading to the inversion of spectral asymmetry that was recently reported in the experiment.
Deep Learning–Based Forecasting of COVID-19 in India
Authors: Pillai Punitha Kumaresa , Durairaj Devaraj , Samivel Kanthammal 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
During the past two decades, the world has confronted many pandemic disease outbreaks. Ebola, severe acute respiratory syndrome, Middle East respiratory syndrome, and, recently, coronavirus disease (COVID-19) have had a massive global impact in terms of stress on local and global human health, economic destruction, and, above all, damage to usual human life. Analyzing past similar infections will help in drawing inferences such as maintaining social distancing, herd immunity, and vaccinating massively to go forward beyond this pandemic. The development of a forecasting model of COVID-19 infectious disease spreading rate plays a vital role in the future preparation of hospital facilities, such as setting up isolated wards, oxygen cylinders, and ventilators, etc., for future patients by the government. Also, the forecasting technique and model is in immediate need for us to understand and face the effect of this and future pandemics. The main objective of this work is to develop an intelligent model based on deep learning for forecasting or estimating COVID-19 future spreading rate in terms of confirmed, recovered, and deceased cases of 85 days in 4 states in India and India overall. Deep learning neural networks, a kind of machine learning technique, are a powerful tool to predict the future because of their nature of discovering complex nonlinear dependencies. A deep learning long short-term memory (LSTM) network, which is explicitly designed for learning long-term dependencies, is utilized in this work. Hence, one can predict 1 day ahead to any number of (up to 400) days ahead by using this model. To evaluate the performance of the deep learning forecasting model and to endorse its forecasting accuracy, the criteria of mean absolute error, mean square error, root mean square error, mean absolute percentage error, and Ro are used. The results of the proposed deep learning–based LSTM model are validated by statistical analysis and graphical analysis. Moreover, the proposed model exhibited superior forecasting accuracy.
Prescription Drug Dispensing to US Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Chua Kao-Ping , Volerman Anna , Conti Rena M. 
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND
After the US coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak, overall prescription dispensing declined but then rebounded. Whether these same trends occurred for children is unknown.

METHODS
Using the IQVIA National Prescription Audit, which contains monthly dispensing counts from 92% of US retail pharmacies, we assessed changes in the monthly number of prescriptions dispensed to US children aged 0 to 19 years during 2018–2020. We compared dispensing totals in April to December 2020 and April to December 2019 overall, by drug class, and among drug classes that typically treat acute infections (eg, antibiotics) or chronic diseases (eg, antidepressants).

RESULTS
Between January 2018 and February 2020, the median monthly number of prescriptions dispensed to children was 25 744 758. Dispensing totals declined from 25 684 219 to 16 742 568 between March and April 2020, increased to 19 657 289 during October 2020, and decreased to 15 821 914 during December 2020. Dispensing totals during April to December 2020 (160 630 406) were 27.1% lower compared with April to December 2019 (220 284 613). Among the 3 drug classes accounting for the most prescriptions in 2019, the corresponding percentage changes were −55.6% for antibiotics, −11.8% for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder medications, and 0.1% for antidepressants. Among drug classes that typically treat acute infections and chronic diseases, percentage changes were −51.3% and −17.4%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
Prescription dispensing to children declined by one-quarter in April to December 2020 compared with April to December 2019. Declines were greater for infection-related drugs than for chronic disease drugs. Decreased dispensing of the latter is potentially concerning and warrants further investigation. Whether reductions in dispensing of infection-related drugs are temporary or sustained will be important to monitor going forward.
The uniqueness of the best non-symmetric $L_1$-approximant for continuous functions with values in $\mathbb{R}^m_p$
Authors: Tkachenko M.Ye. , Traktynska V.M. 
Published: July 2021

The article considers the questions of the uniqueness of the best non-symmetric $L_1$-approximations of continuous functions with values in $\mathbb{R}^m_p, p\in (1;+\infty )$ by elements of the two-dimensional subspace $H_2= \mathrm{span} \{1, g_{a,b}\}$, where $$g_{a,b}(x)=\left\{ \begin{matrix} -b\cdot (x-1)^2, & x\in [0;1), & \\0, & x\in [1;a-1), & (a\geq 2, b>0),\\(x-a+1)^2,& x\in [a-1,a],&\end{matrix} \right.$$It is obtained that when $b\in (0;1)\cup (1;+\infty), a\geq 2$, the subspace $H_2$ is a unicity space of the best $(\alpha ,\beta )$-approximations for continuous on the $[0;a]$ functions with values in the space $\mathbb{R}^m_p, p\in (1;+\infty )$. In case $b=1$, $a\geq 4$ it is proved that the subspace $H_2$ is not a unicity subspace of the best non-symmetric approximations for these functions.Received results summarize the previously obtained Strauss results for the real functions in the case $\alpha = \beta = 1$, as well as the results of Babenko and Glushko for the the best $(\alpha ,\beta )$-approximation for continuous functions on a segment with values in the space $\mathbb{R}^m_p, p\in (1;+\infty )$.
The role of private tutoring in admission to higher education: Evidence from a highly selective university in Kazakhstan
Authors: Hajar Anas , Abenova Saule 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe present mixed-methods study explored first-year undergraduate students of a highly selective university in Kazakhstan's perceptions of having private tutoring (PT) and how far it had helped them gain a place at this university. The quantitative data were collected through a close-ended questionnaire from 144 participants to understand their socioeconomic backgrounds and PT experiences over the previous two years, in terms of the scope, types, costs and the subjects studied in the PT they had received. The subsequent qualitative data were collected through interviewing 8 participants to capture in detail the perceived impact of PT on their overall achievement. The study found that 86 out of 144 participants (60%) had received PT. Most of them (72%) had sought PT as an enrichment strategy to obtain higher scores in high-stakes examinations and thus secure a place at that university. Some participants explained the disadvantages of PT, including the financial burden on their families and it being a potentially unfair advantage in a competitive context. The findings of the study are instructive for educators and policy makers in Kazakhstan in revealing the limitations of schooling in the public sector. The pedagogical implications and areas for ongoing research are suggested.
Revisiting the Source Rupture Process of the Mainshock of the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake and Implications for the Generation of Near-Fault Ground Motions and Forward-Directivity Pulse
Authors: Asano Kimiyuki , Iwata Tomotaka 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
Strong near-fault ground motions associated with the MJMA 7.3 mainshock of the 2016 Kumamoto, central Kyushu, Japan, earthquake sequence have received attention by seismological and engineering communities. In this study, the kinematic source rupture process was reanalyzed based on an improved approach for the representation of source faults. The slips at densely distributed point sources were defined via the bilinear interpolation of those at surrounding control points. The result shows that the rupture started on the Hinagu fault with a small initial rupture and propagated beyond the junction to the Futagawa fault. The rupture on the Futagawa fault mainly propagated up and northeastward. A large slip area with a peak slip of 4.9 m and peak slip velocity of 3.1  m/s was detected at depths ranging from 3 to 15 km in the central part of the Futagawa fault. This asperity spatially coincides with a body with moderate-seismic velocity (VP∼6  km/s) and low-seismic attenuation. The slips on the Futagawa fault have significant normal-slip components, whereas the slip vectors of the Hinagu fault represent almost pure right-lateral strike slip. The shallower part of the fault segments in the western Aso caldera is characterized by relatively large normal slips. The estimated slip-velocity functions at shallower depths (&lt;3  km) are almost temporally symmetric and relatively long. The shallower portion of the source fault significantly contributes to the velocity and displacement waveforms at near-fault sites. On the contrary, the slip-velocity functions at deeper depths (&gt;3  km) are temporally asymmetric and have a sharp peak. The simulation of the ground-motion evolution suggests that the lateral flow in the Aso Valley was primarily triggered by the strong forward-directivity pulse generated from the asperity on the Futagawa fault.
Discurso sobre a dignidade do home (e outros textos renacentistas sobre a dignidade do ser humano)
Authors: Seoane José Antonio 
Published: July 2021

Edición pulcra e rigorosa da tradución ao galego de tres textos clásicos dos que é editor e traductor Fernando Domènech. No estudio introductorio quedan perfectamente aclaradas as razóns que xustifican a elección de Pico della Mirandola, Marsilio Ficino e Joan Luis Vives mesmo pola temática dos textos como pola contextualización e a súa posterior interpretación.
Religiosity of the Slovakian Roma
Authors: Jarmoch Edward 
Published: July 2021

Religiosity of the Romani has been shaped by their history, which occupies an important role in their social identity. It manifests itself in the dominant religion of the country they live in, whether Lutheran, Catholic, Orthodox, Muslim, or other. The aim of this article is to analyse and present religiosity of the Romani in Slovakia in terms of its basic parameters (faith and beliefs, religious knowledge, religious practice, opinions and moral behaviour). The article is based on the results of the social studies performed in 2018 by Reverend Martin Majda, a professor at the Institute of Theology at Catholic University in Ružomberok. The majority of the Romani in Slovakia belong to the Roman Catholic Church. Their religiosity can be characterised by a specific interpretation of the truths of the faith, e.g. a greater belief in God rather than in the last things. What is more, it bears the traits of folk religiosity, incorporating elements of individual beliefs and rituals, reflecting the Romanis’ ethnic origin. Although knowledge is not a sine qua non of identifying oneself with a particular faith, it correlates with religiosity and is worth studying. A great role is attributed to obligatory religious practices, realised on Sundays and during Holy Days, as they affect religiosity of the Romani. There is a diversity of opinions concerning religious morality. What is challenged are the norms of morality adhered to by married couples and families, especially the norms related to human sexuality.
Teaching professionalism in cadaver dissection: medical students' perspective
Authors: Mafinejad Mahboobeh Khabaz , Taherahmadi Mohammad , Asghari Fariba , Mehran Nia Kobra , Mehrpour Saeeid Reza , Hassanzadeh Gholamreza , Farahani Parisa , Hosseini Dolama Reza 
Published: July 2021

This study was designed to facilitate freshman medical students’ adaptation to the dissection room and familiarize them with the related ethical codes. Single-group post-test design research was conducted at Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2018 - 2019. The program began with a brief explanation of the necessity of the subject, and after a documentary film was shown, the principles of professional and ethical behaviors in the dissection room were discussed by a panel of experts. In the end, a valid and reliable evaluation questionnaire (Cronbach's alpha coefficient = 0.89) was distributed among the students. A total of 129 questionnaires were completed and returned. Overall, 94.4% of the students believed that the program provided an excellent opportunity to reflect on professional behaviors during practical anatomy sessions. In addition, 92.8% of the students believed that they would use the ethical points mentioned in the program in the future. Content analysis of the open questions produced three main categories: "motivating learning", "application of theory in practice" and "changing the attitude toward responsibility". The results indicate that adequate preparation for cadaver dissection sessions and learning about professional behavior codes in the first exposure can help medical students to better understand the principles of professional behaviors.
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ATTACHMENT DIMENSIONS AND AFFECT IN ADULTHOOD
Authors: Hadžić Aleksandra , Kantar Dejan 
Published: July 2021

This research was conducted during the state of emergency in response to coronavirus pandemic with the aim to further examine the relationships between attachment dimensions – attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance – and affect and to test the mediating role of psychological flexibility in these relationships. The sample which was obtained by using the snowball sampling method consists of 1515 adults from the Republic of Srpska, entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina (70.4% females) aged between 18 and 65 who filled an online questionnaire battery. Attachment dimensions were measured by the Relationship Questionnaire (RQ), affect by the Negative and Positive Affect Scale (NAPAS), and psychological flexibility by the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ-II). The results indicate that attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance correlate positively with the negative affect and correlate negatively with the positive affect. Furthermore, the results showed that the relationships between attachment dimensions and negative affect can be explained through psychological flexibility – higher values of attachment dimensions contribute to lower psychological flexibility, which then leads to higher negative affect. The obtained findings have been considered in the light of theoretical and practical importance.
EMOTIONAL ENGAGEMENT, BUT NOT TRANSPORTATION LEADS TO HIGHER EMPATHY AFTER READING A FICTIONAL STORY, IN MORE AGREEABLE PARTICIPANTS
Authors: Kotrla Topić Marina 
Published: July 2021

Research from different disciplines points to a positive relationship between reading fiction and empathy. Some studies also focus on potential moderators of this relationship, such as individual personality differences and how the individual engages with the fictional text in terms of transportation. The aim of this paper is to investigate whether reading-induced affective empathy can be explained by personality traits, namely Agreeableness, and Emotional engagement, and Transportation. Participants were 132 undergraduate and graduate students, who read a short fictional story by J. Joyce and after that completed a set of questionnaires, containing measures of Big Five personality traits, Emotional engagement, Transportation and affective Empathy. Results show that there is a strong positive relationship between Agreeableness and story-induced Empathy and that this relationship can be partially explained by Emotional engagement. Transportation, on the other hand, did not show to be an important variable in the relationship of Agreeableness and story-induced Empathy, neither did it show to be a significant factor in this relationship when Emotional engagement was included. This study provides information for additional understanding of the relationship between reading fiction and empathy through the investigation of its mediators.
Designing a Planar Fluxgate Using the PCB Technology
Authors: Kolomeitsev A. A. , Zatonov I. A. , Pischanskaya M. I. , Baranov P. F. , Ilyaschenko D. P. , Verkhoturova E. V. 
Published: July 2021

The development of novel methods, scientific devices and means for measuring magnetic fields generated by ultra-low current is among promising directions in the development of medical equipment and instruments for geodetic surveys and space exploration. The present work is to develop a small sensor capable of detecting weak magnetic fields, which sources are biocurrents, radiation of far space objects and slight fluctuations of the geomagnetic field. Scientists estimate the strength of such magnetic fields as deciles of nanotesla. The key requirements for the sensors of ultra-low magnetic field are: resolution, noise level in the measurement channel, temperature stability, linearity and repeatability of the characteristics from one produced item to another. The aforementioned characteristics can be achieved by using planar technologies and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) in such advanced sensors.The work describes a complete R&D cycle, from creating the computer model of the sensor under study to manufacturing of a working prototype. To assess the effect of the geometry and material properties, the Jiles–Atherton model is implemented which, unlike the majority of the models used, allows considering the non-linearity of the core, its hysteresis properties and influence of residual magnetization.The dimensions of the developed sensor are 40×20×5 mm, while the technology allows its further diminishment. The sensor has demonstrated the linearity of its properties in the range of magnetic field strength from 0.1 nT to 50 µT for a rms current of excitation of 1.25 mA at a frequency of 30 kHz. The average sensitivity for the second harmonic is 54 µV/nT.