bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Study between Adductor Canal Block, Femoral Nerve Block and Epidural Analgesia for Management of Post-Operative Pain in Total Knee Replacement
Authors: Ismail Gawish Heba Salah Eldin , Mohammed Elbadry Amr Arafa , El-Shmaa Nagat Sayed Mohammed , Mostafa Dowidar Abdelraheem 
Published: December 2021

Background: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a common surgery that is associated with moderate to severe pain. Early ambulation and physical therapy are essential for functional recovery and long-term functional outcome after TKA as well as for reducing the immobility related complications. Hence, optimal pain relief while maintaining the motor function remains the mainstay in postoperative pain management after TKA.
‎Patients and Methods: This prospective randomized controlled open-labelled study was carried out at Tanta University Hospital, Orthopedic Surgery Department from January 2020 to February 2021.
Results: Heart rate was significantly increased at 12 and 18 hours postoperatively in group I and II compared to group III and there was insignificant change between group I and group II.
Mean arterial blood pressure was significantly increased at 12 and 18 hours postoperatively in group I and II compared to group III and was insignificant change between group I and group II.NRS was significantly increased at 12 and 18 hours postoperatively in group I and II compared to group III and was insignificant change between group I and group II.
Patient satisfaction was significantly higher in group III compared to group I and group II on the second postoperative day.
Conclusion: Adductor canal nerve block provide better postoperative pain relieve with lower NRS after TKA than femoral and epidural blocks. It provides more stability of hemodynamic parameter and longer time for the 1st time of analgesic request. Also, total consumption of morphine in 1st postoperative day is lower than femoral and epidural blocks.
COVID- 19 Infections with and without Co-morbidities and Clinical Outcome
Authors: Ghafar Beenish , Bhatti Urooj , Khan Shehmeen , Abro Afsheen , Ahmedani Rubina , Memon Quratulain 
Published: December 2021

Aim: To evaluate the clinical outcomes and severity of disease in COVID-19 patients presenting with and without comorbidities.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration: ICUs, wards of Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center Karachi from March, to June 2021.
Methodology: The enrolled patients diagnosed with COVID-19 ie according to the provisional directions given by WHO, were assessed for clinical outcomes. Comorbidities were determined based on patients self-report on admission.
Results: Total 200 COVID patients were enrolled in the study, out of them 179 were with comorbidities like type 2 Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiac disorders and asthma, while 21 COVID patients were with no co morbidity. In present study (n=200), 55.5% were belonging to the age group more than fifty five years old, there were 50.5% males and 29.5% patients came in the month of June 2021. There were 84% hypertensive, 54% were diabetic, 10% were Ischemic Heart Disease and 5% were Asthmatic patients. Clinical outcomes, i.e., pneumothorax, pulmonary embolism, Myocardial Infarction, septic shock, heart failure, Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation was compared regarding associated co-morbidities at the time of admission, p-value was <0.01 and x2=20.15 .
Conclusion: COVID patients with comorbidities are more at risk of developing worst clinical outcomes.
Evaluation of Salivary Interleukin-1 Beta in Covid Recovered Patients
Authors: Palani Harini , Sinduja Palati , Priyadharshini R. , Meghashree V. 
Published: December 2021

Introduction: The COVID-19 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The epidemic started in Wuhan in mid-December 2019 and quickly spread across the world as a pandemic. Saliva is emerging as a promising alternative to nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swabs for COVID-19 diagnosis and monitoring.
Aim: To evaluate the Interleukin-1 Beta in the salivary samples of COVID-recovered patients and healthy controls.
Materials and Methods: An observational study on saliva samples of COVID recovered patients. The study was non-invasive and easy to perform without much inconvenience to patients. The samples were obtained from patients who came to the clinics of Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals. A total of 20 saliva samples were collected from recruited patients 10 of whom were healthy controls and 10 were collected from patients who had made complete recovery from covid infection at least three months ago Student T test were performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (IBM SPSS statistics for windows version 23.0, Armonk, NY: IBM Corp. Released 2015). Values were expressed as Mean and SD. An observational study on saliva samples of COVID recovered patients.The salivary Interleukin-1 levels were analyzed using ELISA.
Results: Within the limitations of the study, we conclude that salivary Interleukin-1 level is increased in COVID recovered patients. The difference was statistically significant proving that in spite of complete uneventful recovery from COVID infection the individual’s inflammatory markers are seen to be at our rise.
Conclusion: Salivary Interleukin-1 levels are increased in COVID recovered patients. Further prospective studies with the limited sample size of the salivary levels of IL-1 can effectively assess disease severity and predict outcome in patients with COVID-19.This study illustrates the group of healthy controls and COVID recovered patients.
In silico Molecular Docking of Anthraquinone Identified from Boerhavia diffusa Linn against Bax and Bcl-2 Gene
Authors: Kanagavalli U. , Deboral E. , Lakshmipriya M. D. , Sadiq A. Mohamed , Priya A. Mohana 
Published: December 2021

In today's medical environment, natural products have made a substantial contribution to the therapeutic approach in the treatment of diseases ranging from the simple to the complex. The old or traditional approach of standardization in medicinal plant research is a time-consuming, costly, and to some extent antiquated process. As a result, a computational technique that includes an in silico molecular docking simulation study has become an important tool for drug development, standardisation, and screening of phytochemicals. To investigate the cardioprotective research and the interaction of the strong chemical against Bax and Bcl-2 cardiomyocyte gene, docking was conducted using multiple Protein Data Bank files (3EOO, 3D2U, 2I42, and 3D2Y). The Anthraquinone has shown more potent interaction with apoptotic regulators Bcl-2 and Bax genes by showing good binding energy. The study also evident that Anthraquinone (UBA) was an ideal drug agent with better drug likeliness. Further, the compound can be used as therapeutic molecule for myocardial infarction. However, the results are preliminary and experimental evaluation will be carried out in near future.
Assess the Psychosocial Problem Faced by the Primary Caregivers of Mentally Challenged Children
Authors: Jiwane Achal , Joshi Ragini , Kanholkar Divyani , Kapgate Shreya , Mendhe Deeplata 
Published: December 2021

Background: It is estimated that up to 20% of children worldwide suffer from debilitating mental illness. Learning disabilities, ADHD, depression, psychosis, pervasive developmental disorders, attachment disorders, anxiety, and conduct disorder are all serious mental illnesses. Living with such children can be extremely stressful for the family's caregiver. Recognizing the difficulties of living with these children is critical in assisting or supporting caregivers in providing appropriate care for their children. For family members, the onset and long-term presence of mental illness can be a stressful event or a crisis. Interactions with mental health professionals have been found to have an impact on these families' transition from crisis to recovery. Families who meet with a mental health professional regularly have a better chance of recovering from the crisis and dealing with the situation.
Objectives: Assess the psychosocial problem faced by the primary caregivers of mentally challenged children.
Materials and Methods: Descriptive research study was to assess psychosocial problems faced by primary caregiver’s children who are mentally challenged. Selected parents who are mentally challenged children of community area. In this study total number of 50 samples to fulfill the inclusion criteria were selected. Likert scale was developed to assess psychosocial problems.
Expected Result: This study is a plan to assess the psychosocial problem faced by primary care children who are mentally challenged. Hence it is expected to identify the psychosocial problem of parents with mentally challenged children.
Preparation, Characterization and Screening of Gold Nanoparticles Using Phenolic Rich Fractions of Amaranthus gangeticus L. for its in-vitro Anti-oxidant, Anti-Diabetic and Anti-Cancer Activities
Authors: Elias Akila , Habbu Prasanna V. , Iliger Sudhir 
Published: December 2021

Aim: In this present study, Gold Nanoparticles are prepared by biosynthesis method using Phenolic Rich Fractions of ethanolic leaf extract of Amaranthus gangeticus L. which was characterized and evaluated for their In-vitro antioxidative, antidiabetic, and anti-cancer potential against HeLa cells.
Materials and Methods: Plant mediated AuNPs (gold nanoparticles) were synthesized using phenolic rich fractions of ethanolic extract of Amaranthus gangeticus L. and characterization was done by UV–visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM) and TEM analysis and Selected Area Electron Diffraction SAED pattern. The synthesized AuNPs were assessed for its pharmacological studies.
Results: Initially the formation of AuNPs has been identified by its change of colour followed by UV–visible spectroscopy (at 550 nm) due to surface Plasmon resonance. Using XRD pattern the crystalline property of AuNPs were confirmed. The functional group existing in Phenolic Rich Fractions of Amaranthus gangeticus L. responsible for the reduction of gold ion and the stabilization of AuNPs was investigated through FT-IR. The spherical shape of AuNPs were studied by SEM and TEM analysis. From the results, it is confirmed that the synthesized AuNPs having good antidiabetic potential at a very low concentration as well as potent anti-cancer activity against the HeLa cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. It also observed with potent antioxidant activity.
Conclusion: From the present study, the synthesized AuNPs using Amaranthus gangeticus L. were found to be very potent to treat the major diseases like cancer and diabetes.
Correlation between Peripheral Blood Eosinophilia and the Histopathological Changes in Nasal Mucosal in Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Narayanan Jahnavi , Diwagar K. Nithin , Sekhar Ganthimathy 
Published: December 2021

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis(CRS) has emerged as one of the major causes of significant morbidity in otorhinolaryngology, as it is often noted to be refractory to medical management and has a tendency to recur post-surgery. Limited research has shown that peripheral eosinophilia is related to the presence of nasal polyps, the extent of the mucosal disease, the severity of tissue eosinophilia, and the risk of recurrence.
Aim: This study aimed to establish the significance of peripheral blood eosinophilia, both differential (EC) and absolute eosinophil counts (AEC) - in adult CRS, to correlate the tissue eosinophilia and peripheral blood eosinophilia, and compare the observations in the two types of CRS with nasal polyp and without nasal polyp.
Material and Methods: A total of 50 adult patients with CRS who underwent FESS were included in the study and were divided based on the presence (Group 1) or absence (Group 2) of peripheral blood eosinophilia.
Results: There were equal number of cases of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp (CRSwNP) and without polyp (CRSsNP); 25 each. With regard to clinical features, Group 1 had a higher number of cases with nasal obstruction (p-value = 0.023), post-nasal drip (p-value = 0.035), and hyposmia (p-value = 0.021) when compared to Group 2. On histopathology, Group 1 had more areas of edema (p-value = 0.027), and mucous gland hyperplasia (p-value = 0.013) while Group 2 had prominent lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates (p-value = 0.035), neutrophilia (p-value = 0.047), and tissue infiltration of macrophages (p-value = 0.027). Tissue eosinophilia was present in 32 out of the total cases; 20 (71.43%) in Group 1 and 12 (53.33%) in Group 2. The group with tissue eosinophilia had significantly higher eosinophil count (9.24 ± 4.26% vs 5.32 ± 2.9%; p-value < 0.01) as well as AEC (823.335 ± 434.357/µl vs 485.128 ± 285/µl. 907; p-value < 0.01).
Conclusion: The study demonstrated that CRS cases with tissue eosinophilia exhibit an elevated peripheral eosinophil count when compared to non-eosinophilic CRS.
Impact of Online Classes on the Mental Health of School Students during COVID-19 in Chennai
Authors: Bharadwaz Snigdha , S. Preetha , Sridevi G. , Prathap Lavanya 
Published: December 2021

Background: The pandemic Covid-19 has affected the whole world drastically. Social distancing measures were implemented by all the countries. In order to practice social distancing, most governments had temporarily closed all the educational institutions. Traditional face to face learning was switched to online learning not to compromise on a student’s academic progress. The aim of this study is to observe the impact of online classes on the mental health of school students during covid-19 in Chennai.
Materials and Methods: A survey was conducted which was cross sectional. A self administered questionnaire was distributed among school students using an online platform google forms and 120 students participated in the survey. Data was collected and analysed by using SPSS software. Pearson Chi square was done to correlate the gender and mental illness of the participants.
Results: 43.33% felt that online classes were stressful. 54.17% of the participants were satisfied with this mode of learning. Female students were more stressed than male students which were not significant. Nearly 45% of female students were not satisfied with this mode of learning which was not significant. It was found that female students were more depressed than male students. However, statistically it is not significant (p = 0.06).
Conclusion: Based on this study, about 49.16% of the participants were impacted mentally and are stressed because of online learning and it has also affected their academic performance during this pandemic situation. This study may help them to know stress levels and be aware to take steps to overcome the stress and increase their academic performance.
Assessment of Knowledge and Attitude towards Radiation Hazards among Nursing Students
Authors: Watmode Ankita , Yenkar Pratiksha , Zade Pornima , Bhalerao Pratiksha , Lokhande Shalini 
Published: December 2021

Background: Radiation is the transmission of energy in the form of light or tiny particles that are too small to see. The impact of ionising radiation on nursing students is increasing as a result of diverse professionals' lack of awareness and attitude. Regardless, little study has been completed on the awareness and attitudes of nursing students toward radiation safety and practise. Despite their lack of education and understanding radiation and its effects impacts, nursing students are observed to have an optimistic mind set toward ionising radiation.
Objectives of the Study: 1) to assess the knowledge of nursing students towards radiation hazards. 2) To assess the attitude of nursing students towards radiation hazards. 3) Correlate the knowledge and attitude of nursing students towards radiation hazards. 4) Associate the knowledge of nursing students towards radiation hazards with their demographic variables.5) Associate the attitude of nursing students towards radiation hazards with their demographic variables.
Materials and Methods: The purpose of this descriptive the goal of the research was to find out how much nursing students' knowledge and attitudes about radiation hazards. Based on inclusion criteria and purposive sample approaches, 180 students were chosen. The information was gathered in an organized way.
Results: Finding of according to the research, Mean knowledge score was 9.47±2.81and mean percentage of knowledge score was 47.38±14.07 and Mean attitude score was 42.62±10.55 and mean percentage of attitude score was 71.04±17.58 which shows positive attitude.
Conclusion: The study show that there is a good knowledge of nursing students towards radiation hazards and the level of attitude is positive as per the analysis. The researchers did a descriptive survey investigation on the topic as part of their undergraduate curriculum to examine nursing students' knowledge and attitudes concerning radiation threats.
Color Changes of Ceramic Materials Used for Inlay and Veneers Restorations after Staining with Different Time Intervals
Authors: Moaleem Mohammed M. Al , Alamoudi Mohammed Saleh M. , Aldhahri Ghith Fayez , Alzaylaei Ahmad Ramzi , Daoud Ola Ziad M. , Hummadi Abdulkreem M. , Hakami Hanan Ibrahim , Marran Khalil Mohammed , Omair Huda Ali , Hakami Areej Meshari 
Published: December 2021

Background: Stain color of CAD/CAM prosthetic materials is important for the long-term of these materials without affecting daily beverage consumption habits.
Aims: To assess the influence of aging with Coca-Cola drinks on the color of the CAD/CAM materials used for inlay and veneer restoration over different time intervals.
Methods: 48 specimens were fabricated from Vitablocs Mark II and zirconia CAD/CAM ceramic materials. Each group comprised 24 specimens with eight samples for every background (white [W], black [B], and gray). Baseline readings were taken by a spectrophotometer before staining (Baseline T0). After Coca-Cola staining and aging, the color measurement was repeated after 15 and 30 days (T1 and T2), while T3 was the difference between T2-T0. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, and post hoc tests.
Results: The ΔE00 color parameters of Mark II and zirconia materials were higher against the W background than other backgrounds. However, the zirconia materials recorded higher values than Mark II for the same parameters (L, a, and b) against the gray background during 15 and 30 days of immersion in Coca-Cola. Translucency parameters (TP) exhibited significant differences between ceramic types and immersion periods, with the TP values of zirconia being slightly higher than those of Mark II. The ΔE00 values for the three-time intervals were within clinically acceptable ranges. The ΔE00 values of both ceramic types at T3 were within 1.38–1.53 and 3.11–3.62 and lacked significant differences.
Conclusions: Coca-Cola staining was obvious after 15 and 30 days of immersion and had a marked effect on the TP and ΔE00 of the tested CAD/CAM materials. Increasing the staining time resulted in a reduction in TP values at all time intervals. Zirconia samples had higher ΔE00 values than Mark II materials at different time periods. All of the colors of the tested materials had changed from B1 to different light colors in accordance with the Vita classical shade guide.
Selective SGLT2 Inhibitor’s Estimation and Validation from Galenical Form by RP-HPLC Method
Authors: Mankar Swapnali Suresh , Younas Muhammad , Kalode Vaishavi , Jirvankar Pranita , Phutane Prasanna , Chandewar Shital , Armarkar Ashwini , Pethe Anil 
Published: December 2021

Aim: The recent analysis is required to do novel and simple, sensitive, precise, efficient, instant and reproducible reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for estimation of antidiabetic drug in the unit dosage form. Validation of this method is also planned to make it suitable for the actual use.
Study Design: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences deemed to be university, Wardha in collaboration with Balkh university, Mazar-e-sharif, Afghanistan between August 2021 and December 2021.
Methodology: In that article develop the method and validate it by estimation of antidiabetic drugs in solid dosage form by RP-HPLC, by using System suitability test, Repeatability, Precision studies (Intra-day and Interday/Intermediate), Linearity/Calibration studies, Robustness, Force degradation, Specificity, Drug recovery/accuracy studies.
Results: as per ICH guidelines, the performance if system suitability in remogliflozin were achieved all guidelines; in that, tailing factor (T),separation factors(α),theoretical plates(N),capacity factor (k’), resolution (R) and RSD (%). The validated stress degradation studies under thermal, oxidative, alkali and acid, in few degradation products for remogliflozin (REM).
Conclusion: From the results we conclude that, this novel technique which validated for exploration by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) should be used for routine quality control of remogliflozin (REM) prediction from developed formulation.
Prevalence and Predictors of Depression, Anxiety and Stress among Pharmacy Students from Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alaaddin Rahaf Nabil , Ibrahim Nahla Khamis , Kadi Mai 
Published: December 2021

Introduction: There is an increasing concern about the effect of mental diseases on academic performance, especially among students from the health specialties. However, very limited studies were done on depression, anxiety, and stress among pharmacy students in Makkah. The current study aimed to determine the prevalence and predictors of depression, anxiety, and stress among pharmacy students from Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among pharmacy students from both genders in 2018/2019. A standardized self-administered data collection sheet was used. It contained information about the personal, socio-demographic data, the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), and Schutte Self-Report Emotional Intelligence (SSREI) scale. Descriptive and inferential statistics were done. Stepwise multiple logistic regression analyses were done. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated.
Results: The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among pharmacy students was high; 62.8%, 59.0%, and 49.2%, respectively. Younger students suffered more from stress compared to older students. In regression analysis, academic stress was associated with the increased risk of depression, anxiety, and stress. However, good general life satisfaction is a predictor of decreasing depression, anxiety, and stress. Better emotional intelligence is also a predictor of decreased depression (aOR = 0.195; 95% CI: 0.09-0.42) and stress (aOR = 0.4; 95% CI: 0.21-0.72). A longer duration of physical exercise is another predictor for lowering stress.
Conclusion: The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress was high among pharmacy students. Academic stress was a predictor for depression, anxiety, and stress. General life satisfaction and high EI were protective from the three mental illnesses. A longer duration of physical exercise is a predictor for decreasing stress. Screening programs are needed for the detection and management of depression, anxiety, and stress among pharmacy students. Psychosocial and academic support services are needed for the management of academic stress. Training courses and educational programs are needed for improving the EI of pharmacy students. Encourage the practicing a longer duration of physical activities is needed.