bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Information storage in permalloy modulated magnetic nanowires
Authors: Sáez Guidobeth , Díaz Pablo , Cisternas Eduardo , Vogel Eugenio E. , Escrig Juan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A long piece of magnetic material shaped as a central cylindrical wire (diameter d = 50 nm) with two wider coaxial cylindrical portions (diameter D = 90 nm and thickness t = 100 nm) defines a bimodulated nanowire. Micromagnetism is invoked to study the equilibrium energy of the system under the variations of the positions of the modulations along the wire. The system can be thought of as composed of 5 independent elements (3 segments and 2 modulations) leading to 25 = 32 different magnetic configurations. We investigate the stability of the configurations depending on the positions of the modulations. The relative chirality of the modulations has negligible contributions to the energy and they have no effect in the stability of the stored configuration. However, the modulations are extremely important in pinning the domain walls that lead to consider each segment as independent from the rest. A phase diagram reporting the stability of the inscribed magnetic configurations is produced. The stability of the system was then tested under the action of external magnetic fields and it is found that more than 50 mT are necessary to alter the inscribed information. The main purpose of this paper is to find weather a prototype like this can complemented to be used as firmware or magnetic keys. Present results indicate that this is feasible.
Estimation of Nonlinear Parameters of Type 6 Hydrological Method in Flood Routing With the Spotted Hyena Optimizer Algorithm (SHO)
Authors: Khalifeh Saeid , Esmaili Kazem , Khodashenas S. Reza , Modaresi Fereshteh 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this study, The Spotted hyena optimizer Algorithm (SHO) is used to optimize the parameters of the Non-linear type 6 Muskingum model for flood routing. To evaluate the performance of the SHO in the Non-linear Muskingum models, The Wilson River and the Wye River are applied by many researchers for validation. Moreover, in these studies, the Non-linear Muskingum parameters were estimated by the SHO Algorithm. The SSQ and DPO were considered as objective functions between computed and observed data. According to the results of Wilson river flood, the values of these objective functions for the NL3 model are 128.781, and 0.92 m3/s, and for the NL6 model, are 3.20 and 0.027, respectively. The results of the Wye River flood with the SHO showed that the SSQ and DPO for the NL3 model are 34789.39 and 90.05, and for the NL6 model are 30812.07 and 72.35, respectively. The results show that the proposed algorithm can be applied confidently to estimate the parameter optimal values of the nonlinear Muskingum model. Moreover, this algorithm may be applicable to any continuous engineering optimization problems.
A Hub Signaling Pathway of Antimicrobial-Antifungal-Anticancer Peptides Axis With Cationic Residue Amino Acids on N, C- Terminals Under 500 Dalton Rule Via Network Pharmacology
Authors: Oh Ki Kwang , Adnan Md. , Cho Dong Ha 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Short cationic peptides (SCPs) with therapeutic efficacy of Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), Antifungal peptides (AFPs), and Anticancer peptides (ACPs) are known as enhancement of host defense system. Here, we investigated the uppermost peptide(s), hub signaling pathway(s), and its associated target(s) through network pharmacology. Method: Firstly, we selected SCPs with positive amino acid residues on N-, C- terminals under 500 Dalton via RStudio. Secondly, EMBOSS pepstats, PASTA 2.0 and Aggrescan were used to remove non- AMPs, after that, ADAM, dbAMP, DBAASP v3.0, and MLAMP were utilized for AMPs selection. AMPs-targets were identified from both SEA and STP databases. The overlapping targets between the bacteria-responsive targets (TTD and OMIM) and AMPs-targets were visualized by VENNY 2.1. Thirdly, AFPs were filtered through Antifp tool, and TTD and OMIM selected fungal responsive targets. The overlapping targets between AFPs-targets and fungal-responsive targets were visualized by VENNY 2.1. Fourthly, the overlapping targets between cancer-related targets (TTD and OMIM) and fungal-responsive targets were visualized by VENNY 2.1. Fifthly, signaling pathway analysis of overlapping targets was performed via RStudio. Finally, molecular docking study (MDS) was carried out to discover the most potent peptides on a hub signaling pathway. Results: A total of 1,833 SCPs were identified, and AMPs, AFPs, and ACPs filtration suggested that 197 peptides-30 targets, 81 peptides-6 targets, and 59 peptides-4 targets are connected, respectively. The AMPs-AFPs-ACPs axis indicated that 27 peptides-2 targets are associated. Each hub signaling pathway for enhancement of host defense system was "Inactivation of Rap1 signaling pathway on AMPs", "Activation of Notch signaling pathway on AMPs-AFPs axis", and "Inactivation of HIF-1 signaling pathway on AMPs-AFPs-ACPs axis". The most potent peptides were assessed via MDS; finally, HPIK on STAT3, HVTK on NOS2 manifested the HIF-1 signaling pathway's highest affinity. Furthermore, the two peptides have better affinity scores than standard selective inhibitors (Stattic, 1400W). Conclusion: Overall, the most potent SCPs for the host defense system were HPIK on STAT3 and HVTK on NOS2, which might inactivate the HIF-1 signaling pathway.
Effects of Integrated Use of Calcite and Inorganic Fertilizer on Soil Physicochemical Properties and Maize (Zea mays l.) Yield and, Economic Feasibility on the Nitisols of Northwestern Ethiopia
Authors: Kebede Birtukan Amare , Fetene Eyayu Molla , Mengesha Yihenew G.Selassie , Belay Habtamu Tadele , Zeleke Tesfaye Bayu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Understanding the soil reaction (pH) is relevant for improving crop productivity. Soil acidity is one of the restraining factors to crop production in the highlands of Ethiopia. This study was carried out on the nitisols of Burie District to examine the effect of integrated use of Calcite and Nitrogen fertilizer on soil physico-chemical properties. Treatments were two levels of lime (0 and 0. 50 t ha-1) and five-level of nitrogen (0,100, 200, 300, and 400 kg ha-1). The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with ten treatments replicated three times. Before and after harvest, both disturbed and undisturbed soil samples were collected. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and bivariate correlations was employed using SAS statistical package program version 9.0. After harvesting thirty soil samples were collected from each treatment and then ten composite soil samples within a block were arranged for laboratory analysis. Result: The result indicated that among the soil properties before planting the crop soil bulk density (BD), pH, organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen (TN), available P and CEC were 1.43g cm-3, 5.2 (strongly acidic), 1.32% (very low), 0.12% (low), 8.86 mg kg-1 (very low), and 19.57 cmolc kg-1 (medium), respectively. After harvesting, most of the surface physico-chemical properties except bulk density increased. The lowest soil BD was 1.21 g m-3 from plots treated with 0.5 t ha-1 lime and 400 kg ha-1 urea. The maximum soil pH (6.85) was obtained from plots treated with 400 kg ha-1 N and 0.5 t ha-1 lime. The maximum soil CEC (35.38 (cmolc kg-1) was obtained from plots treated with 400 kg ha-1 N and 0.5 t ha-1 lime. Level of lime, nitrogen fertilizer and interaction effects of lime and nitrogen fertilizer (L*N) significantly affected maize yield (p<0.001). Yield of maize have positive correlations with most soil physico-chemical properties but negative with BD (r=-0.543).The adjusted yield and net benefit was 6,410.20 kg ha-1 and 58,891.47 Ethiopian Birr (ETB), respectively.Conclusion: Inherent physicochemical properties of the soil is changed either by sole or combined use of lime and N fertilizer. Soils tilled with 0.5 t ha-1 lime and 138 kg ha-1 nitrogen was found in maximum net benefit. Residual long-term effects should be researched. Thus, liming should be given emphasis in acidic soil amelioration. Moreover, the government may facilitate the supply of calcite (CaCO3) and urea fertilizer to the farmers.
Effects of chronic betaine supplementation on performance in professional young soccer players during a competitive season: a double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Nobari Hadi , Cholewa Jason M , Castillo-Rodríguez Alfonso , Kargarfard Mehdi , Pérez-Gómez Jorge 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objective
Various nutritional strategies are adopted for athletes to maintain and improve performance during the competition season. Betaine may enhance performance during a competitive season by increasing the testosterone to cortisol ratio and reducing systemic inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of betaine supplementation on the bio-motor abilities in young soccer players.
Methods
Twenty-nine professional young soccer players (age, 15.5 ± 0.3 years) were matched by position and randomly assigned to one of two groups for 14 weeks: betaine (BG, 2 g/day; n = 14) or placebo (PG n = 15). Diet was standardized by a nutritionist, and measures of muscular power (countermovement jump: CMJ), change of direction (modified 5-0-5), acceleration (10 m sprint), sprint performance (30 m sprint time: SpT), muscular strength (leg press and bench press 1-RM), repeated sprint ability (running-based anaerobic sprint test: RAST), and aerobic capacity (30 − 15 intermittent fitness test) were assessed in the pre (P1), mid (P2), and post (P3) season over the course of 5 days. All subjects participated in one soccer match and five training sessions per week.
Results
Significant (p < 0.05) group x time interactions were found for maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), anaerobic peak power, and muscular strength favoring BG at P2 and P3 compared to P1. There were meaningful (p < 0.05) group x time interactions for CMJ, SpT, and peak power during the RAST that favored the BG.
Conclusion
14-week of betaine supplementation increased 1-RM, VO2max, and repeated sprint ability performance in youth professional soccer players. Betaine supplementation seems to be a useful nutritional strategy to improve and maintain performance during a competitive soccer season.
Early-phase administration of human amnion-derived stem cells ameliorates neurobehavioral deficits of intracerebral hemorrhage by suppressing local inflammation and apoptosis
Authors: Kuramoto Yoji , Fujita Mitsugu , Takagi Toshinori , Takeda Yuki , Doe Nobutaka , Yamahara Kenichi , Yoshimura Shinichi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a significant cause of death and disabilities. Recently, cell therapies using mesenchymal stem cells have been shown to improve ICH-induced neurobehavioral deficits. Based on these findings, we designed this study to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and underlying mechanisms by which human amnion-derived stem cells (hAMSCs) would ameliorate neurobehavioral deficits of ICH-bearing hosts.
Methods
hAMSCs were induced from amnia obtained by cesarean section and administered intravenously to ICH-bearing mice during the acute phase. The mice were then subject to multitask neurobehavioral tests at the subacute phase. We attempted to optimize the dosage and timing of the hAMSC administrations. In parallel with the hAMSCs, a 10-fold higher dose of hADSCs were used as an experimental control. Specimens were obtained from the ICH lesions to conduct immunostaining, flow cytometry, and Western blotting to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of the hAMSC treatment.
Results
The intravenous administration of hAMSCs to the ICH-bearing mice effectively improved their neurobehavioral deficits, particularly when the treatment was initiated at Day 1 after the ICH induction. Of note, the hAMSCs promoted clinical efficacy equivalent to or better than that of hADSCs at 1/10 the cell number. The systemically administered hAMSCs were found in the ICH lesions along with the local accumulation of macrophages. In details, the hAMSC treatment decreased the number of CD11b+CD45+ and Ly6G+ cells in the ICH lesions, while splenocytes were not affected. Moreover, the hAMSC treatment decreased the number of apoptotic cells in the ICH lesions. These results were associated with suppression of the protein expression levels of macrophage-related factors iNOS and TNFα.
Conclusions
Intravenous hAMSC administration during the acute phase would improve ICH-induced neurobehavioral disorders. The underlying mechanism was suggested to be the suppression of subacute inflammation and apoptosis by suppressing macrophage cell numbers and macrophage functions (such as TNFα and iNOS). From a clinical point of view, hAMSC-based treatment may be a novel strategy for the treatment of ICH.
Comparison of Precipitation Projections of CMIP5 and CMIP6 Global Climate Models over Yulin, China
Authors: Shiru Mohammed Sanusi , Chung Eun-Sung , Shahid Shamsuddin , Wang Xiao-Jun 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This study compared precipitation projections of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 (CMIP5) and 6 (CMIP6) GCMs over Yulin City, China. The performance of CMIP5 and CMIP6 GCMs in replicating Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC) precipitation climatology of the city was evaluated using different statistical metrics. The best performing GCMs common to both CMIP5 and CMIP6 were selected and subsequently downscaled to GPCC resolution using linear scaling method to spatiotemporal changes in precipitation. The study revealed BCC.CSM1.1(m), IPSL.CM5A.LR, MRI.CGCM3 and MIROC5 of CMIP5 and their equivalents BCC-CSM2-MR, IPSL-CM6A-LR, MRI.ESM2.0 and MIRCO6 of CMIP6 as the most suitable GCMs for the projection of rainfall in Yulin. Changes in precipitation were in the range of -14.0 − 0.0% and − 22.0 − 0.2% during 2021−2060 for RCP4.5 and SSP2-4.5 respectively. The highest decrease of -29.7 ̶ -22.0% was projected by MRI-ESM-2-0 for SSP2-4.5, while − 28.0 − -20.0% by MIROC5 for RCP4.5. For RCP8.5 and SSP5-8.5, precipitation was projected to decrease in the range of -17.0 ̶ -2.0% and − 32.0 ̶ 0.0%, respectively during 2021 ̶ 2060 by most of the GCMs. An increase in precipitation up to 12.3% was projected only by IPSL-CM5A-LR for RCP8.5 for this period. The highest decrease was projected by MIROC5 (-40.2 − -29.0%) for RCP8.5 and IPSL-CM6A-LR (-40.2 − -26.0%) for SSP5-8.5. Overall, the results revealed a higher decrease in precipitation in Yulin city by CMIP6 GCMs compared to those projected by their corresponding GCMs of CMIP5 for both scenarios.
Multi-Criteria Decision-based Path Planning for Data Collection in Fuzzy-Cluster based Large Sensor Networks
Authors: Singh Sunil Kumar , Kumar Prabhat 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are widely used to gather information using wireless communication, but due to the confined power of sensor nodes, it is a predominant task to make WSN energy-efficient. Generally, a sensor node finds routes towards the base station (BS) to transmit the data. The sensor node transmits information at once or via neighbor nodes in a multi-hop manner. The nodes close to the BS transmit more data than other nodes. The nodes close to the BS tend to deplete their power quicker than different nodes in the network. This issue is known as the hotspot problem, leading to network separation and reducing the lifetime of the sensor network. The mobile sink as a better strategy to dispose of the hotspot problem in the course of information transmission, but the most critical challenges are finding sojourn points and path planning. This paper makes use of a cluster head (CH) as a sojourn point and multi-criteria decision strategy for path planning by the mobile sink at some stage in information collection. This paper contributes a fuzzy-based clustering algorithm that uses fuzzy logic to decide on cluster heads (CHs). The TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) approach used to figure out the mobile sink's route. Based on this route, the mobile sink will move to collect data from every CH in the network. This scheme receives an order of CHs to visit and collect the data with the mobile sink. The simulation outcomes exhibit that this strategy performs better than the other protocols, which uses multi-hop information transmission for extending the lifetime of wireless sensor networks and one parameter for route planning.
Nutrition information system (SISFORNUTRIMIL) application With Online Food Record for Indonesia Pregnant Women: Protocol for Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Koeryaman Mira Trisyani , Pallikadavath Saseendran , Ryder Isobel , Kandala Ngianga 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: The pregnant women and family may not have the necessary knowledge and skills to estimate nutrient value in food in line with dietary targets and the guidelines, i.e. they do not know whether or not they are consuming the right amount of nutrition needed during pregnancy. The aims of this randomized controlled trial (RCT) is to examine the impact of SISFORNUTRIMIL application on maternal eating behaviour and associated maternal factors such as weight gain, blood pressure, biochemical measurement, and pregnancy outcome.Methods: The study recruits 112 participants with eligible criteria during December 2019 to January 2020. The allocation of participants is 1:1 to the SISFORNUTRIMIL application user and non-user application, with criteria: singleton pregnancy (22-26 weeks), mother age between 20-35 years), have monthly income and literate. Both groups will receive 12-week standard health services from health professionals and received information about dietary diversity and food record. Particularly, intervention group could be access the SISFORNUTRIMIL on their devices, which provide necessary information about nutrition in pregnancy, food record and food choice includes total serving size calculation. In contrast, the control group only receive food information and food intake record by paper-based, and they should record and calculate the nutrition intake by traditionally. Discussion: This is the first randomized controlled trial to examine the SISFORNUTIMIL application. This mandate reflects keen interest and motivation for the proposed research study. This is in addition to the researcher’s personal efforts to reduce morbidity and mortality rate as well as a general focus on pregnancy complication prevention than nutrition treatment. Thus, an investigation of eating behaviour and associated maternal needed to address this issue. Firstly, the results could extend the scope of knowledge about nutrition intervention to include the Indonesia pregnant women context as well as the Indonesia health ministry context. Secondly, this research could help to change individual health behaviour and activity undertaken by an individual who believes her-self to be healthy.Trial registration: ISRCTN Registry: ISRCTN42690828. Date of registration: 22 October 2019.
Analysis of the Prevalence of the Preferred Methods of Contraception During the COVID 19 Lockdown in Uganda: A Multinomial Logistic Regression Study.
Authors: Sseninde Julius , Kabagenyi Allen , Kyadondo Betty , Nyachwo Evelyne , Kiragga Agnes , Wasswa Ronald 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background In 2020 limitations to family planning information, access and utilization was exacerbated by COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown, globally incapacitating various channels to family planning information, access and, utilization. This study sought to analyse the prevalence of the preferred methods of contraception during the COVID 19 lockdown in Uganda using a multinomial logistic regression. Method Data was analyzed using univariate, bivariate, logistic and multinomial logistic regression models from the post intervention telehealth cross sectional survey.Results Out of the 244 women surveyed, more than three quarters (80%) used their preferred methods of family planning, while almost half of the participants (46%) used the Short Acting Methods as a preferred method of Family planning. The logistic regression showed that older aged participants, fear of security personnel, and fear that my spouse will know that the partner is using family planning as their biggest challenge plus participants who agreed that they won’t continue using family planning after the lockdown were less likely to use the preferred method of family planning. However, participants whose biggest challenge to access family planning information, and utilization was lack of money, those who received extremely adequate number of messages during the intervention and those that who were already using family planning before the intervention were more likely to use their preferred method of family planning. From the multinomial model, participants whose biggest challenges in accessing family planning services during the lockdown were fear of unwanted pregnancy, and fear if implant expires in her body were relatively more likely to use Long-term Acting Reversible Contraceptives than Short Acting Contraceptives as their preferred method of Family Planning. While participants who were relatively less likely to use to use LARC compared to SAC were those already using family planning before the start of the intervention. Conclusions We recommend prioritizing family planning information, access and utilization as one of the essential services during the lockdown, with more emphasis on intervention that address age specific needs and partner privacy issues. Addressing the use of LARC among women who are already using contraceptives is equally paramount in cases of the lockdown and health facility closures
Performance modelling of direct contact membrane distillation using a hydrophobic/hydrophilic dual-layer membrane
Authors: Boztepe Inci , Gray Stephen , Zhang Jianhua , Li Jun-De 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
HFP-co-PVDF/N6 hydrophobic/hydrophilic dual-layer membrane was used to study desalination with direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD). A one-dimensional (1-D) model was proposed to predict the flux and thermal efficiency. Heat and mass transfer equations were solved numerically for the combined hydrophilic and hydrophobic layers. The membrane characteristics of the hydrophobic layer were considered for the calculation of the mass transfer coefficients, while the hydrophilic layer was ignored since it was assumed to be filled with water. However, the hydrophilic layer was taken into account during the calculations of conductive heat transfer. Therefore, the equations are different, compared to single-layer hydrophobic membranes. It was found that with the same hydrophobic membrane characteristics, the single-layer membranes performed with better flux and thermal efficiency than the dual-layer membranes. Furthermore, the improvement of flux and thermal efficiency by an addition of the hydrophilic layer has not been observed experimentally, and it is suggested that the improved performance for dual-layer membranes reported previously is due to improved permeability by using thinner and more porous hydrophobic layers that can be mechanically reinforced by the hydrophilic layer. The validation of the model was conducted by comparing the experimental results for single- and dual-layer membranes with the modelling results. The predicted flux and thermal efficiency by the modelling were within 10% error to the experimental results.